f     f     f     »    »     ▼ 


T  ♦    ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ 


llibone's  Dictionary 
and  Supplement 


Complete  in  Five 
Volumes. 


A  Critical   Dictionary  of   English    Literature  and    British   and 
American  Authors  (Living  and   Deceased). 

By    S.   AUSTIN    ALLIBONE,    LL.D., 

With  Supplement  by  JOHN    FOSTER    KIRK,   LL.D. 

THE  ENTIRE  WORK   CONTAININQ  THE  NAMES  AND  HISTORY 
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included;  and"il  is,  with  all  tliis,  eminently  readable."— Aon- 

_.^  'i^^^HI        '''"•  i^oiurday  Ririew. 

".Mt  tEm^  "The  whole  five  volumes  will  make  a  work  which  no  stu- 

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known  books  to  which  we  have  subjected  it,  while  on  subjects 
of  known  and  general  interest  we  (ind  it  full  and  accurate,— a 
sure  and  ready  key  to  the  personal  or  authcjrship  side  of  the 
entire  ma.ss  of  Bri'tish  and  American  literature.  —A ew  York 
IndepeJiilait. 

"It  can  hardly  be  doubted  that  Allibone's  Dictionary  of 
English  Literature  and  Uritish  and  American  Autliors,  taken 
as  a  whole,  embracing  ns  it  does  in  its  original  three  vohimes 
the  names  of  over  4(i,ooo  authors,  and  in  its  supplement  tliose 
of  37,183  authors— will)  notices  of  their  several  hundred  thou- 
sand books— will  long  remain  without  a  rival  as  a  l)ibIiographv 
of  the  literature  of  the  English  tongne."—/io.ston  Literary  WorUl. 

•■  \o  (ikiiouary  of  the  authors  of  anv  language  has  ever  before  been  undertaken  on  so  grand  a  scale.    For  convenience 

(I  triisuvorthlness  this  work  is  probably  not  surpassed  by  any  similar  production  in  the  whole  -ange  of  modern  litera- 
r.-      -.Wu)  York  Tribune. 


Supplement 


To  ALLIBONE'S   DICTIONARY, 


of   English  Literature  and  British  and 
American  Authors. 


By  John  Foster  Kirk. 


Two  volumes. 


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•  ting  a  book 

ry  one  who 

■  I' works  and 

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-u...  ...  i.ie  publication 

work  was  more  voliimi- 
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anv  other  single  book.  ...  It  is  now  one  of  t-he  few  works 
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Concise,  simple,  clear,  accurate,  and  easy  of  reference. 
Over  11,000,000  words;    17,560  columns  of  reading  matter. 


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was  continued  from  year  to  year,  thtis  bringing  the  infor- 
mation down  to  the  latest  possible  date. 

But  this  process  of  revising  and  altering  could  not  be 
carried  6n  indefinitely.  Many  articles  called  for  an  en- 
tirely different  treatment.  New  subjects  of  interest  de- 
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ship lias  been  employed  in  its  preparation,  as  among  the 
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The  handiwork  of  specialists  is  evident  on  every  page. 
Certainly  it  is  a  most  attractive  work.  Chambers's  Ency- 
cloppedia  has  always  had  a  host  of  friends,  and  in  this  new 
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EDUCATION  IIBB. 


LIPPINCOTT'S  GAZETTEER  OF  THE  WORLD. 


A    COMPLETE 


PRONOUNCING   GAZETTEER 


OR 


GEOGRAPHICAL  DICTIONARY 


OF   THE 


WORLD 


CONTAINING    NOTICES    OF    OVER    ONE   HUNDRED   AND    TWENTY-FIVE    THOU- 
SAND PLACES,  WITH  RECENT  AND  AUTHENTIC  INFORMATION  RESPECT- 
ING   THE    COUNTRIES,     ISLANDS,     RIVERS,    MOUNTAINS,     CITIES, 
,    TOWNS,   ETC.,  IN  EVERY  PORTION  OF  THE  GLOBE. 

ORIGINALLY  EDITED  BY  JOSEPH  THOMAS,  M.D.,  LL.D., 

AUTHOR   OF    "  LIPPINCOTT'S    PRONOUNCING    BIOGRAPHICAL    DICTIONARY,"    "  THOMAS'S   PRONOUNCINa 

MEDICAL    DICTIONARY,"    ETC.,    ETC. 


NEW   REVISED    EDITION 

AMPLIFIED    BY   A   SERIES   OF   STATISTICAL   TABLES 

SHOWING 

I.    THE   AREA   AND    POPULATION   AND    POPULATION   PER   SQUARE   MILE  OF   THE   NATURAL 
AND    POLITICAL    DIVISIONS    OF    THE    WORLD. 

II.    THE    GROWTH    OR    DECLINE     OF    THE     PRINCIPAL     CITIES    OF     THE     WORLD    AS     REPRE- 
SENTED   BY    THEIR    POPULATION     AT    DIFFERENT    DATES. 

III.  THE   AREA  AND   POPULATION  AND    POPULATION   PER   SQUARE   MILE    OF   THE   STATES  AS 

GIVEN   IN   THE    CENSUS   RETURNS   FROM   1790  TO   1890. 

IV.  THE    POPULATION    OF   THE    COUNTIES   OF   THE    SEVERAL    STATES   IN   1880   AND   1890  AND 

THEIR   AREA   AND    POPULATION    PER   SQUARE   MILE   IN   1890. 

V.     THE   GROWTH   OR   DECLINE    OF    THE    CITIES,    TOWNS,    BOROUGHS,    ETC.,    OF   THE    STATES 
AS   EXHIBITED   BY   THE    CENSUS    RETURNS,    1870-1880   AND   1880-1890. 


PHILADELPHIA: 

J.    B.    LIPPINCOTT    COMPANY. 
1893. 


CONTENTS. 

rAOKS 

Advertissmknt  to  the  Edition  of  1893 3,  4 

Preface  to  the  Edition  of  1880   . 5  to  7 

Introduction  to  the  First  Edition,  by  Joseph  Thomas,  M.D.,  LL.D.       .  9  to  20 

A  Table  of  the  Area  and  Agoregate  Population,  and  Population  per 
Square  Mile  of  the  Principal  Natural  and  Political  Divisions 
OF  THE  World 21  to  23 

A  Comparative  Table  op  the  Principal  Cities  op  the  "World  at  Dif- 
ferent Dates,  illustrating  their  Growth  or  Decline  during  the 
Intervening  Period 24  to  29 

A  Table  op  the  Area  and  Population  of  the  States  and  Territories 
of  the  United  States,  with  the  Population  per  Square  Mile  at 
Different  Periods,  according  to  the  Several  Census  Heturns  from 
1790  TO  1890 30 

A  Table  of  the  Counties  of  the  United  States,  showing  their  Loca- 
tion, THEIR  Area  as  officially  estimated,  with  their  Population 
in  1880  AND  1890,  and  their  Population  per  Square  Mile  in  1890  .         31  to  45 

A  Comparative  Table  showing  the  Increase  or  Decline  in  Population 
OF  THE  Cities,  Towns,  Villages,  and  other  Minor  Civil  Divisions 
of  the  United  States,  according  to  the  Census  Returns  of  1880 
AND  1890 4G  to  240 

A  Comparative  Table  showing  the  Increase  or  Decline  in  Population 
OF  THE  Cities,  Towns,  Townships,  Villages,  &c.,  according  to  the 
Census  Returns  op  1870  and  1880 241  to  419 

Explanations — Suggestions  relating  to  the  System  op  Pronunciation; 

Signs  relating  to  Orthoepy,  «&c.,  &o 420  to  422 

Pronouncing  Gazetteer  of  the  World 423  to  2894 


Copyright,  1880,  by  J.  B.  Lippincott  A  Co. 


Copyright,  1882,  by  J.  B.  Lippikcott  A  Co. 


Copyright,  1893,  by  J.  B.  Lippincott  Compant. 


^<) 


Printed  by  J.  B.  Lippincott  Company,  Phiudelphia. 

GIFT 
\ 


ADVERTISEMENT  TO  THE  EDITION  OF  1893. 


In  the  preparation  of  tliis  edition  of  Lippincott's  Pronouncing  Gazet- 
teer OF  THE  World,  not  only  have  notices  of  a  large  number  of  new  places 
been  now  for  the  first  time  included  in  its  pages, — places  that  were  unknown 
when  former  editions  were  issued, — but  the  contents  of  the  entire  volume 
have  been  subjected  to  such  a  thorough  revision  as,  it  is  believed,  will  easily 
maintain  for  it  the  position,  which  it  has  so  long  occupied,  of  being  without 
a  rival  among  works  of  its  class  in  the  English  language.  Especially  has 
it  been  the  care  of  the  editors,  in  the  prosecution  of  their  labors,  to  embody 
in  the  work  such  recent  information  as  has  lately  been  rendered  available 
by  the  publication  of  the  new  census  returns  of  our  own  and  foreign  coun- 
tries and  of  other  kindred  works,  and  to  so  arrange  this  information  that 
it  will  be  practically  useful  for  casual  reference  and  convenient  for  those 
who  may  desire  to  make  a  more  thorough  acquaintance  with  the  minutise 
of  geographical  facts.  To  this  end,  in  addition  to  the  great  number  of 
instances  in  which  these  details  have  been  incorporated  in  their  respective 
articles  in  the  body  of  the  work,  there  will  be  found,  following  the  Intro- 
duction TO  THE  First  Edition  (herein  reproduced,  pp.  9-20),  by  the  late 
Dr.  Joseph  Thomas,  in  which  the  principles  of  the  pronunciation  of  geo- 
graphical names  are  learnedly  set  forth,  a  series  of  Statistical  Tables  bearing 
on  the  areas  and  population  of  different  countries,  which  it  is  thought  will 
render  material  aid  to  the  reader  in  forming  a  correct  idea  of  the  com- 
parative importance  of  the  countries  and  their  divisions. 

Arranged  seriatim,  these  tables  exhibit,  Jirst  (page  21,  et  seq.),  the  area 
and  population  and  population  per  square  mile  of  the  several  continents,  and 
their  grand  divisions  and  sub-divisions,  with  mention  of  the  governments  to 
which  the  dependent  divisions  belong;  second  (page  24),  the  population  of 
the  principal  cities  of  the  world  at  different  recent  dates,  thus  illustrating 
their  growth  or  decline  during  the  period  intervening  between  the  dates 
therein  mentioned;  third  (page  30),  the  gradual  growth  of  the  several  states 
of  the  American  Union,  as  shown  by  their  respective  populations  and  popu- 
lations per  square  mile  at  each  of  the  census  enumerations  from  1790  to 

iV,7252G8 


ADVBRTISBMENT  TO  THE  EDITION  OF   1898. 


1890;  fourth  (page  31),  the  counties  of  the  United  States,  with  their  location 
in  their  respective  states,  their  areas,  and  their  gradual  growth  in  population 
as  given  in  the  census  returns  of  1880  and  1890,  and  their  population  per 
square  mile  at  the  latter  date;  \ii\di fifth  and  sixth  (see  respectively  pp.  31  and 
241),  a  comparison  of  the  jx)pulation  at  different  dates  of  the  cities,  towns, 
villages,  and  other  minor  divisions  of  the  United  States,  based  upon  the 
census  returns  of  1880  and  1890,  thus  furnishing  ready  facilities  for  noting 
tlie  growing  importance  or  decline  of  all  places  named  in  these  reports. 

Embraced  in  the  more  important  improvements  in  the  body  of  the  work, 
to  which  allusion  has  been  made  above,  may  be  named  the  revision  of  the 
articles  on  the  several  states  and  territories  (including  articles  now  first 
inserted  on  North  Dakota,  South  Dakota,  and  Oklahoma)  by  well-known 
experts  in  physical  and  political  geography ;  the  renewed  descriptions  of 
the  principal  cities  in  the  United  States,  chiefly  by  residents  thereof;  notes 
on  recent  explorations  and  discoveries  by  European  governments  in  foreign 
lands  (Asia,  Africa,  &c.),  with  statistical  information  relating  to  the  colonies 
heretofore  established  there;  and  a  vast  number  of  minor  changes  in  the 
notices  of  the  cities,  towns,  and  villages  of  our  own  and  foreign  countries. 

Prominent  among  the  works  to  which  our  editors  desire  to  acknowledge 

their   obligations   for   valuable   information    is    the    latest    edition   of    The 

Imperial  Gazetteer,  published   by  Messrs.  Blackie  &  Son,  of  London, 

Glasgow,  and  Edinburgh,  so  well  known  for  the  excellence  of  their  standard 

publications. 

The  Publishers. 

Philadklphia,  April,  1893. 


PREFACE  TO  THE  EDITION  OF  1880. 


Since  the  publication  of  tLe  first  edition  of  Lippincott's  rRONOUNCiNO  Gazet- 
teer OF  THE  "World,  some  twenty-five  years  ago,  vast  strides  have  been  made  m 
geograpbical  knowledge,  both  by  means  of  extensive  explorations  in  the  Old  World 
and  by  the  settlement  and  development  of  the  New.  During  this  period,  va- 
rious improvements  have  been  made  in  the  successive  editions  of  the  Gazet- 
teer, with  the  addition  of  such  supplementary  matter  as  for  the  time  being 
the  completeness  at  which  it  aimed  seemed  to  demand;  yet  so  great  have  been 
the  recent  changes  in  many  parts  of  the  world  that  it  has  been  found  necessary, 
in  the  preparation  of  the  present  issue,  to  reconstruct  the  work  entirely,  in  order 
to  eliminate  from  its  pages  the  names  of  many  places  which,  after  a  temporary 
existence,  have  been  abandoned,  to  include  the  vast  number  of  places  which  have 
either  entirely  sprung  up  since  the  issue  of  former  editions  or  have  of  late,  by 
their  growing  importance,  become  entitled  to  a  notice  in  the  work,  and  to  renew 
the  descriptions  of  those  older  cities  and  towns  whose  enterprise  and  progress 
have  outrun  the  accounts  hitherto  given  of  them.  In  the  performance  of  this 
task  the  best  and  most  recent  foreign  works  of  like  character,  both  in  the  Eng- 
lish and  in  other  tongues,  have  been  freely  laid  under  contribution;  reputable 
works  of  travel  have  been  diligently  consulted;  oflicial  documents  have  been 
largely  relied  upon;  and  recourse  has  been  had  to  what  is  believed  to  be  the 
most  extensive  system  of  private  correspondence  ever  carried  on  in  the  execu- 
tion of  a  work  of  this  character,  tens  of  thousands  of  communications  relating 
to  the  matter  having  passed  between  the  editors  and  their  correspondents,  both 
at  home  and  abroad. 

It  is,  perhaps,  not  too  much  to  hope  that  with  these  facilities  at  command, 
coupled  with  some  five  years  of  diligent  labor  on  the  part  of  the  editors  m  the 
preparation  of  the  volume,  a  work  has  been  produced  that  shall  not  be  found 
unworthy  of  the  patronage  so  liberally  bestowed  upon  the  earlier  editions. 

Attention  is  invited  to  some  of  the  leading  characteristics  of  the  work,  which, 
it  is  believed,  will  demonstrate  its  superiority  over  any  other  work  of  its  class 
now  before  the  public: 

1.  ORTHoaRAPHY. — In  regard  to  the  correct  spelling  of  the  names  of  places  in  our 
own  country  and  in  those  other  portions  of  the  globe  in  whose  languages  Roman 
letters  or  characters  readily  converted  into  corresponding  Roman  letters  are  used, 
the  aim  has  been  to  follow  the  best  recognized  authority,  or,  in  cases  where 
authorities  differ,  to  give  all  the  various  spellings  with  which  the  reader  M'ould 
be  likely  to  meet,  vAth.  references  from  the  less  desirable  mode  to  the  one  under 
^  (5) 


e  PREFACE. 

which  tho  description  appears.  Thus,  Ave  give  "Appalaga,  or  Aspalaga,"  a 
village  of  Floriila,  the  corresponding  reference  being  "Aspalaga,  Florida.  See 
Appalaga;"  "AUapalia,  or  Alapnlia,"  two  modes  of  spelling  the  name  of  that 
river,  with  a  refereuco  in  its  alphabetical  place  from  the  latter  spelling  to  the 
former;  "Annandale,  or  Anandale,"  a  village  of  New  York;  "Pccatonica,  or 
Pukatonica,"  a  village  and  river  of  Illinois;  "Bluefields,  or  Blewficlds,"  a  town 
of  Nicaragua;  "Casscl,  or  Kasscl,"  a  city  of  Prussia;  "  Chicoana,  or  Chicuana," 
a  town  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  &c. ;  with  thousands  of  similar  cases. 

In  regard  to  the  orthography  of  the  names  of  places  in  countries  whoso 
alphabets  bear  no  resemblance  to  the  Roman  alphabet,  such  as  the  Russian, 
Turkish,  Arabic,  Persian,  &c.,  and  whose  geographical  names  arc  iu  consequence 
spelled  diftcrently  by  foreign  writers  of  various  nationalities  (according  to  tho 
characteristics  of  their  several  languages),  the  best  method  is  believed  to  be  for 
English  writers  to  adopt  a  spelling  that  shall  as  nearly  as  possible  represent  the 
native  pronunciation  of  the  names.  In  the  present  work  this  system  has  been 
followed,  giving  as  secondary  spellings  the  forms  adopted  by  writers  foreign  to 
ns,  each  of  whom  is  usually  found  to  spell  the  names  as  they  arc  pronounced 
in  his  own  language.  In  pursuance  of  this  plan  we  give  as  a  leading  spelling 
of  tho  name  of  the  capital  of  Fezzan,  a  country  in  Africa,  "Moorzook,"  the 
French  writers  spelling  it  "Mourzouk"  and  the  German  "Murzuk,"  the  orthog- 
raphy of  each  in  the  respective  languages  of  the  writers  representing  the  same 
sound.  The  convenience  of  this  system,  and  the  importance  of  its  general  adop- 
tion, will  be  apparent  when  attention  is  called  to  the  fact  that  in  recent  reputable 
English  works  several  forms  of  spelling  are  given  to  the  name  in  question,  among 
which  are  Moorzouk,  Mourzook,  Mm'zouk,  and  Mourzuk,  besides  the  regular 
French  and  German  spellings,  all  of  which  forms  seem  to  have  been  adopted 
with  an  utter  disregard  to  any  system.  It  must  be  manifest  that  a  work  of 
reference  constructed  with  such  a  want  of  system  would  lose  much  of  its  prac 
tical  utility,  as  amid  such  a  diversity  of  spellings  as  are  given  to  Oriental  names 
generally,  the  reader  would  often  be  at  a  loss  to  know  under  which  spelling  to 
look  for  the  desired  description  of  a  place.  No  change,  however,  has  been 
attempted  in  those  spellings  of  Oriental  names  which  universal  usage  appears  to 
have  established;   such,  for  instance,  as  Delhi,  Khiva,  &c. 

,  II.  Pronunciation. — The  importance  of  this  feature,  which  is  believed  to  have 
been  first  prominently  brought  to  the  attention  of  readers  in  the  earliest  edition 
of  this  work  with  anytliing  like  a  successful  attempt  at  a  solution  of  the 
difficulties  attending  the  undertaking,  is  so  generally  acknowledged  that  only 
a  brief  allusion  need  be  made  to  it  here.  Manifestly,  but  one  rule  can  be 
adopted  as  a  guide  to  the  pronunciation  of  the  names  of  places  in  civilized  coun- 
tries, viz.,  to  pronounce  them  as  nearly  as  possible  according  to  the  pronuncia- 
tion given  by  the  educated  people  of  their  localities,  except  in  the  case  of  well- 
known  names  like  Paris,  Venice,  Madrid,  Munich,  &c.,  the  pronunciation  of 
which  among  English-speaking  people  has  become  so  thoroughly  Anglicized  that 


PREFACE.  7 

for  English  speakers  to  give  the  native  pronunciation  would  be  sheer  afiectation; 
and  iu  a  few  instances  local  pronunciations  of  a  marked  character  have  been 
noted,  which,  though  perhaps  hardly  sanctioned  by  good  usage,  have  become  so 
generally  adopted  as  to  require  recognition  in  this  work.  Such,  for  instance,  aro 
Corinth  (locally  pronounced  ko-rinth'),  a  village  of  Vermont,  and  Chili  (local 
pronunciation  chi'li),  a  township  of  JSTew  York.  The  pronunciation  of  the  names 
of  places  in  uncivilized  countries  must  be  mainly  learned  by  comparin"-  the 
spellings  of  the  names  by  writers  of  difi'crent  nationalities.  Thus,  in  the  case 
of  the  capital  of  Fezzan  above  named,  if  spelled  by  French  writers  Mourzouk 
and  by  German  writers  Murzuk,  the  pronunciation  moor-zook'  may  be  re^-arded 
as  established. 

HE.  Ancient  Names. — In  a  multitude  of  instances  the  ancient  or  classical 
names  of  places  have  been  added  whenever  found  to  be  supported  by  good  au- 
thority; and  even  when,  although  given  in  other  works  of  this  class,  investigation 
has  proved  them  to  be  in  a  measure  conjectural,  the  names  have  frequently  been 
retained,  but  followed  by  a  mark  of  interrogation,  the  references  classing  them  as 
supjjosed  ancient  names.  Thus,  under  Adriatic  will  be  found  "  (anc.  A'dria  and 
Ma're  Adriai'icum) ;"  under  Alicante,  "(anc.  Lucen'ium);"  undoT  Angers,  "(anc 
Juliom'agus) ;"  under  Antioch,  "(anc.  Aniioclii'a);"  under  Astrabad,  "(anc.  Ilyrca'- 
nia);"  under  Athens,  "  (anc.  Alhe'nce) ;"  under  Azof,  "(anc.  Pa'lus  3Icco'iis);"  under 
Baltic,  "(anc.  Si'nus  Coda'nus);"  under  Belgrade,  "(anc.  Singidu'num)  •"  under 
Beloochistan,  "(anc.  Gedro'sia)"  &c.,  with  references  generally  from  the  ancient 
names  in  their  alphabetical  places  to  the  modern  names  under  which  they  occur. 
Much  time  and  labor  have  been  spent  upon  this  feature  of  the  work,  which  it  is 
believed  will  be  found  of  special  value  to  readers  of  ancient  history. 

IV.  Other  features  of  the  work  which  are  believed  to  be  of  sufficient  impor- 
tance to  warrant  mention  in  this  place  are  (1)  the  adjectives  and  appellations  of 
the  i7ihabitants,  derived  from  the  names  of  countries,  cities,  &c,,  and  given  at  the 
close  of  the  articles  on  tliose  places;  and  (2)  the  signification  of  many  of  the 
geographical  names,  whenever  such  signification  would  convey  to  the  mind  of 
the  reader  some  interesting  geographical  fact.  Thus,  under  Albania  is  given 
"Adj.  and  inhab.  Albanian,  al-bd'ne-an,  or  Arnaoot,  aR'nd-oot^;"  under  Alexan- 
dria, "Adj.  and  inhab.  Alexandrian,  al-ex-au'dre-an,  Arab.  Skanderanee,  skan-der- 
a'nee;"  under  Bohemia,  "Adj.  and  inhab.  Bohemian,"  &c.;  while  as  the  signi- 
fication of  Australia  is  given  "southern  region;"  of  Bombay,  "good  harbor;" 
of  Bras  d'Or,  "arm  of  gold;"  of  Buenos  Ayres,  "good  air,"  &c. 

It  only  remains  for  the  collaborators  to  express  their  grateful  acknowledgmenta 
to  the  multitude  of  their  correspondents  who  have  so  cordially  co-operated  with 
them  in  the  preparation  of  the  work. 

PniLADBLPHiA,  March  25,  1880. 


INTRODUCTION  TO  THE  FIRST  EDITION. 


BY  JOSEPH  THOMAS,  M.D.,  LL.D. 


It  is  proposed,  under  this  head,  to  set  forth  more 
fully  some  of  the  arguments  alluded  to  in  the  Pref- 
ace, by  which  the  propriety  of  our  system  of  pro- 
nunciation is  supported,  as  well  as  to  explain  the 
particular  method  in  which  this  system  has  been 
carried  out  in  the  work  before  us. 

I.  It  has  already  been  intimated  that  not  only 
the  present  practice  of  the  best  speakers,  but  the 
usage  of  our  more  distinguished  poets,  is  clearly  in 
favor  of  the  system  which  we  have  chosen.  If  any 
might  be  allowed  to  pronounce  foreign  names  with- 
out regard  to  the  peculiar  sounds  of  the  letters,  or 
to  the  accents,  which  prevail  in  other  countries,  this 
privilege  might  surely  be  claimed  by  the  poets,  who, 
in  the  use  even  of  English  words,  are  considered  to 
enjoy  a  special  license.  It  is  very  evident,  however, 
— as  every  one  who  will  take  the  trouble  to  examine 
the  works  of  the  better  class  of  them  must  admit, — 
4.hat,  as  a  body,  they  have  neither  claimed  nor  used 
this  privilege.  On  the  contrary,  our  more  distin- 
guished poets  have  usually  exhibited  a  classical — we 
might  almost  say  a  punctilious — accuracy,  in  the 
employment  of  foreign  names,  whether  of  places  or 
persons.  To  illustrate  by  examples  :— Granada  * 
and  Genoa  f  are  pronounced  b\'  all  the  great  poets 
who  use  these  names,  from  Chaucer  and  Shake- 


*  "  In  Lithuania  had  he  served  and  Rusge ; 
No  Christian  man  so  oft  of  his  degree. 
At  Algezi'ras,  in  Gsanasa,  he 

Hadjoin'd  the  siege; " — CHAXtCEB. 

"  The  Moorish  king  rides  up  and  down 

Through  GRANAnA's  royal  town" 
"And  Ohanada  must  be  won, 

And  thyself  with  her  undone." — Btbon. 
"  Granada  caught  it  in  her  Moorish  hall, 
Galicia  bade  her  children  fight  or  fall." — Scott. 
"There   was  crying   in   G&anada   when   the  sun   was   going 

down." 

"Farewell,  farewell,  Granada,  thon  city  without  peer." 

LOCKHABT. 

t "  Seignior  Baptista  may  remember  me, 

Near  twenty  years  ago,  In  Genoa,  where 

We  were  lodgers  at  the  Pegasus. — ShakbbpeaBE. 

"  Were  Genoa's  galleys  riding  in  the  port " — Btbon. 

"  How  quick  they  carved  their  victims  and  how  well, 

Let  Saxony,  let  injured  Genoa  tell." — Moobe. 
"  That  noble  haven,  where,  when  Genoa  relgn'd, 

A  huGdied  galleys  shelter'd " — Booebs. 

"My  native  Genoa,  if  with  tearless  eye 

Prone  in  the  dust  thy  beauttous  form  I  see." — Montoohebt. 
2 


SPEARE  down  to  the  present  time,  with  the  native 
accentuation ;  that  is,  Granada  has  the  accent  on 
the  penultima,  and  Genoa  on  the  antepenultima, 
though  the  generality  of  English— or  at  least  of 
American — speakers,  who  have  not  heard  these 
names  pronounced,  but  merely  follow  analogy,  or 
their  own  notions  of  propriety,  reverse  the  accentua- 
tion, making  Granada  rhyme  with  Canada^  and 
Genoa  with  boa. 

No  poet,  perhaps,  employs  foreign  names  so  fre- 
quently as  Byron,  and  yet — though  he  often  writes 
very  carelessly — it  would  be  difficult,  in  all  the 
poetry  he  has  written,  to  point  out  half  a  dozen 
instances  where  he  has  not  conformed  to  the  foreign 
accentuation,  excepting  always  those  few  well-known 
names  which  have  acquired  an  established  English 
pronunciation,  and  in  these  cases  he  appears  invari- 
ably to  adopt  the  pronunciation  of  the  best  English 
speakers.  The  same  may  be  said  of  Scott  ;  though 
he  writes  with  great  freedom,  he  rarely,  if  ever,  vio- 
lates the  strictest  rules  of  geographical  pronunciation. 
In  the  poetry  of  Kooers,  Southey,  Moore,  Camp- 
bell, and  Montgomery  we  have  met  with  scarcely 
a  solitary  example  of  departure  from  the  native  ac- 
centuation of  names  which  does  not  properly  come 
within  the  exception  above  stated.  Wordsworth 
takes  the  liberty  of  changing  the  accent  in  a  single 
instance — Chamouny — but  acknowledges  the  au- 
thority of  the  law  by  apologizing  in  a  note  for  its 
violation.  (See  Descriptive  Sketches  of  a  Tour 
among  the  Alps.) 

Among  the  principal  languages  of  continental 
Europe,  the  German,  in  its  accent  and  in  the  metre 
of  its  verse,  has  the  nearest  affinity  to  the  English  ; 
and  it  is  worthy  of  remark,  that  precisely  the  same 
general  usage  prevails  with  respect  to  foreign  names 
in  German  poetry  as  in  that  of  our  own  tongue.  It 
may  be  observed,  however,  that  the  Germans  con- 
form more  exactly  to  the  native  accentuation  of  the 
names  of  other  countries  than  the  English.  Any 
one  may  satisfy  himself  of  the  correctness  of  these 
statements,  if  he  will  take  the  trouble  to  consult  the 
poems  of  Schiller,  who  appears  to  have  had  occa- 
sion to  use  foreign  names  far  more  frequently  than 
almost  any  other  German  poet.  In  his  drama  of 
"  Don  Carlos,"  Madrid  occurs  near  twenty  times, 
and  always  with  the  accent  on  the  last  syllable.  This 
one  fact  (even  were  there  no  other)  may  show  how 

9 


i 


INTRODUCTION  TO  THE  FIRST  EDITION. 


iparinglj  the  "  poetical  license,"  so  often  alluded  to, 
it  aiod  by  the  most  popular,  and  perhaps  the  most 
oareleM  in  yenification,  of  all  the  great  poets  of 
Germany.* — Mirandoul  (a  town  in  Italy)  occurs 
twice,  and  in  both  instances  has  the  accent  on  the 
•ntepenultima.  This  is  the  more  remarkable,  because 
MiRANuoLA  is  an  exception  to  the  general  rule  of 
Italian  pronunciation,  which  places  the  accent  on 
the  penultima  of  words  ending  in  a  vowel.  If  our 
poet  is  not  equally  correct  in  regnrd  to  AlcalX  (a 
small  town  of  Spain),  it  was  owing,  doubtless,  either 
to  the  difScuUy  of  malcing  such  a  name  "  lie  smooth 
in  rhyme,"  or  to  his  being  ignorant  of  its  true  ac- 
centuation. The  latter  is  by  no  means  improbable, 
inasmuch  as  the  Spanish  language  is  far  less  studied 
by  the  generality  of  European  scholars  than  the 
Italian.  That  it  was  not  the  result  of  carelessness 
is  shown  by  the  fact  that  ALCALi.  is  always  pro- 
nounced in  the  poem  in  the  same  manner  and  accord- 
ing to  the  general  rule  of  Spanish  accentuation ;  that 
is,  with  the  accent  on  the  penultima.  It  will  be 
perceived  that  Schiller  places  the  accent  on  the  last 
syllable  of  Pabis,  St.  Dknis,  and  St.  Quentin,! — 
in  all  of  which  he  differs  from  the  English  and  con- 
forms to  the  French  accentuation.  (See  "  Rcmarlcs 
on  the  French  Accent,"  page  16.) 

But  perhaps  the  most  remarkable  illustration  of 
this  tendency  to  adopt  the  native  pronunciation  of 
foreign  names  is  found  in  his  drama  of  "  Mary 
Stuart;"  where  the  poet,  with  the  obvious  intention 
of  obliging  his  countrymen  to  pronounce  tlie  Eng- 
lish names  correctly,  invariably  in  his  verse  spells 
Leicestsb  "  Lestkr,"  although  in  the  explanatory 
(prose)  parts  of  the  play  he  as  invariably  writes  it 
Leicester,  as  we  do  in  English.  For  the  same 
reason,  doubtless,  he  writes  Bolbtn  "  Boclen,"  as 
this  spelling  would  lead  his  countrymen  to  pronounce 
the  name  " Boo'len,"  nearly  as  it  is  spoken  in  Eng- 
land. Had  he  written  it  Boletk,  the  Germans 
would  be  in  danger  of  placing  the  accent  on  the 
last  syllable,  as  we  frequently  bear  it  pronounced  in 
the  United  States. 

What  has  been  said  above  respecting  the  usage  of 
the  poets  refers  principally  to  accentuMtion,  which, 
■for  the  most  part,  can  be  readily  determined  by  the 
metre  of  the  poetry.  Their  manner  of  pronouncing 
.the  letters  of  a  foreign  name  is  far  less  easily  ascer- 
tained, since  it  can  only  be  known  when  the  name 
ends  a  line  in  rhyme ;  and  even  then  it  is  often  ex- 
tremely uncertain,  as  they  appear  to  consider  them- 
selves entitled,  in  such  cases,  to  much  greater  license 
than  in  the  accentuation  of  words.  Thus  we  often 
see  associated,  in  rhyme,  words  which  correspond 
but  very  imperfectly  in  sound,  as  enemy  and  lie, 
■mourn  and  bum,  &c.  Nevertheless,  by  comparing 
a  number  of  examples,  and  especially  by  observing 
the  usage  of  those  poets  who  are  most  remarkable 
for  the  correctness  of  their  rhymes,  we  shall  fre- 

•  Schiller  haa  been  accused  of  being  very  careleu  in  his  rhymes, 
but  he  can  acarcely  be  charged  with  caruleaeness  in  the  metre  of 
bis  Ter«e. 

t  The  two  former  names  occur  In  the  "  Maid  of  Orleans"  ("  Die 
f  nnifraa  Ton  OrlcMs"),  the  last  in  "  Don  f^rios." 

ao 


quently  be  enabled  to  ascertain  the  true  pronuncia- 
tion of  a  word  or  name. 

Now  it  will  be  found  that  the  system  which  we 
have  adopted  is  supported  by  the  practice  of  the 
poets  in  this  respect  also.  In  other  words,  it  will  be 
found  that  while  foreign  names  that  are  in  familiar 
use  in  our  own  language  have  an  English  pronuncia- 
tion, thope  not  very  well  known  are  generally  pro- 
nounced with  the  foreign  sound  of  the  letters,  as 
will  be  seen  from  the  following  passages: 

"  Not  now  to  while  an  hour  away, 
Gone  to  the  falls  in  Vaiomhr6."^ 
"  'Tia  Jaequtline  I  His  Jacqueline," 

Her  little  brother  laughing  cried; 
"I  knowher  by  her  kirtle  green. 

She  comes  along  the  muuntain  side." 
"  De  Courcy,  lord  of  Argenliire  I 


Thy  thirst  for  vengeance  sought  the  enare." — ItooEiis. 

.  .  .  "  Winding  between  Alpine  trees; 
Splry  and  dark  around  their  house  of  prayer. 
Below  the  icy  bed  of  bright  Argenliire." — Wordswoeth. 
"This  circumstftnco  may  serve  to  give  a  notion 
Of  the  high  talents  of  this  now  Yau\>an,X 
But  the  town  ditch  below  was  deep  as  ocean, 
The  rampart  biglier  than  you'd  wish  to  /lanj;."— Btron, 
"  For  many  an  age  remeniber'd  long 
Shall  live  the  towers  of  Hougomont,  X 

And  fields  of  Waterloo." — Scott. 

It  would  be  easy  to  cite  a  multitude  of  such  exam« 
pies ;  but  tliese  will  perhaps  be  sufficient  to  illustrate 
our  position. 

On  the  other  hand,  we  shall  find  the  poets  pror 
nounce  foreign  names  of  some  celebrity,  such  as 
Nile,  Pabis,  Lyoks,  Cadiz,  Poitiebs  or  Poic- 
TIERS,  &c.,  with  the  English  sound  of  the  letters,  as 
may  be  seen  from  these  and  similar  examples : 

"  Deep  in  those  solitary  woods 
Where  oft  the  genii  of  tlie  floods 
Dance  round  the  cradle  of  their  Nile, 
And  hail  the  new-born  Giant's  smib."— MOOBX. 
"  Oil  never  talk  again  to  me 

Of  northern  climes  and  British  ladiei; 
It  has  not  been  your  lot  to  see. 
Like  me,  the  lovely  girl  of  Cadiz.'" — Byron. 
*'  And  Conrtenay's  pride  and  Percy's  fume 
Blazed  broader  yet  in  after  yean. 

At  Cressy  red  and  foil  Poftjer*." — Scott. 
..."  So  the  shaft 
Of  victory  mounts  high,  and  blood  is  quaff'd 
In  fields  that  rival  Cressy  and  Poictiere — 
Pride  to  be  wash'd  away  by  bitter  lean.'" — Wordsworth. 

II.  Instead  of  saying  that  the  poets  conform  to 
the  native  accentuation  of  proper  names,  except  in 
cases  where  these  are  well  known,  we  might,  per- 
haps, with  more  propriety,  say  that  they  merely  fol- 
low the  practice  of  the  best  speakers,  of  which  their 
own  may  generally  be  regarded  as  the  written  repre- 
sentation. ...  The  supreme  tribunal  to  which  we 
would  on  all  occasions   appeal   is  the  authority  of 


X  In  these  names  the  letter  n  is  similar  in  sound  to  ng.  The  t  at 
the  end  of  Hougomont  is  silent.  The  rhymes,  however,  are  not 
quite  perfect;  the  o  in  the  last  syllable  of  Hougomont  should  be 
sounded  like  o  in  won't.  The  latter  syllable  of  Vauban  sounds  like 
bong. — Vauban  was  a  noted  French  military  engineer,  who  fiour- 
ished  in  the  reign  of  Loois  THY. 


INTRODUCTION  TO  THE  FIRST  EDITION. 


the  best  speakers*  in  England  and  this  country.  To 
the  former  we  generally  give  the  preference  when 
the  question  relates  to  names  belonging  to  the  old 
continent — to  the  latter,  when  it  relates  to  those  of 
America.  But  since  it  is  impossible  to  produce 
oral  evidence  in  a  book,  we  have  availed  ourselves 
of  the  authority  of  the  poets,  as  the  only  one  at  our 
command,  to  prove  or  illustrate  what  we  have,  in 
nil  cases,  studiously  endeavored  to  learn,  by  actual 
hearing,  from  those  who  are  considered  best  quali- 
fied to  determine  questions  of  orthoepy. 

Obs.  We  sometimes  hear  it  objected  to  the  au- 
thority of  the  poets  that  well-known  names  are 
occasionally  pronounced,  even  by  those  who  rank 
among  our  best  poets,  quite  differently  from  the  pre- 
vailing practice  of  the  best  speakers.  Goldsmith, 
for  example,  accentuates  the  penultima  of  Niagara, f 
and  Campbell  the  antepenultima  of  Wyoming  ,j 
just  reversing  the  correct  pronunciation,  which  places 
tlie  accent  on  the  third  syllable  from  the  end  in 
Niagara  and  on  the  second  in  Wyoming.  But  this 
discrepancy  is  readily  explained  by  the  fact  that 
neither  of  these  poets  was  ever  in  this  country,  and 
probably  had  no  opportunity  to  learn  the  practice 
of  the  best  speakers  in  the  United  States.  It  may 
be  observed,  however,  that  Goldsmith  gave  what 
was  probably  the  correct  accentuation  of  Niagara 
in  his  day.  (See  §  IX.  Obs.  2 ;  also  Niagara,  in  the 
body  of  the  work.)  Scarcely  a  single  instance  can 
be  pointed  out  wherein  any  good  English  poet  has 
misrtccentuated  a  name  with  the  sound  of  which  he 
was  familiar;  §  we  are  therefore  warranted  in  con- 
cluding that  when  a  name  in  a  region  remote  or 
rarely  visited  is  mispronounced,  it  is  owing  rather  to 
the  want  of  knowledge  than  to  the  carelessness  or 
license  of  the  poet. 

III.  There  is  one  difficulty  in  carrying  out  the 
system  of  geographical  pronunciation  adopted  by  us, 
which  it  may  be  proper  to  notice  here,  viz.,  that  of 
drawing  the  line  between  foreign  names  which  are, 
and  those  which  are  not,  well  known.  With  respect 
to  the  more  obvious  in  each  division  there  cannot  be 
the  slightest  hesitation ;  but  the  two  classes  meet  and 
pass  into  each  other  by  imperceptible  gradations,  so 
that  sometimes  the  question  whether  they  should  be 
pronounced  according  to  the  foreign  or  the  English 
mode  can  only  be  settled  by  arbitrary  decision.  In 
these  doubtful  instances,  we  have  spared  no  pains  in 
order  to  ascertain  the  prevailing  practice  of  the  best 
speakers,  as  well  as  the  usage  of  the  poets :  when 
these  have  been  found  unsatisfactory,  nothing  has 


*  By  this  phrase  we  do  not  mean  those  who,  from  their  superior 
knowledge  and  jndgraent  on  general  subjects,  may  be  presumed  to 
he  qualified  to  decide  questions  of  orthoepy.  In  order  to  deserve 
a  place  among  the  best  tpeakert,  it  is  not  enough  that  one  should 
have  what  is  commonly  termed  a  good  education  and  good  sense ; 
he  must  have  paid  particular  attention  to  the  subject  of  pronunciation — 
unless  he  has  been  surrounded  during  the  whole  period  of  his  edu- 
cation with  none  but  correct  speakers,  which  is  seldom  or  never 
the  case,  at  least  in  this  country. 

f  "  Where  wild  Oswego  spreads  her  swamps  around, 
And  NiAOABA  stuns  with  thund'ring  sound." 

The  Traveller. 
t "  On  Susquehanna's  side  fair  Wtomiso." 
"  And  scarce  had  Wtomino  of  war  and  crime 
Beard  but  in  transatlantic  story  rung." 

Gertrude  of  Wyoming,  Part  I. 
§  The  instance  of  Chamount,  referred  to  on  page  9  in  the  Intro- 
duction, is  hardly  an  exception  to  this  statement,  on  account  of 
the  equivocal  nature  of  the  French  accent.    (See  page  16.) 


remained  for  us  but  to  decide  according  to  the  best 
of  our  ability.  We  have,  in  these  cases,  usually 
given  both  pronunciations,  placing  that  first  which, 
in  our  judgment,  is  to  be  preferred. 

IV.  It  should  be  observed  that  although  we  have 
endeavored  to  give  the  native  pronunciation  of  the 
names  of  other  countries  with  minute  accuracy,  we 
have  aimed  to  avoid,  as  much  as  possible,  the  use  of 
sounds  which  cannot  readilj'  be  uttered  by  the  mere 
English  scholar, — more  especially  in  regard  to  those 
geographical  names  which  are  commonly  taught  in 
schools. 

V.  In  those  cases  where  it  is  impossible  to  express 
the  sounds  of  other  languages  by  means  of  English 
letters,  we  have  endeavored  to  employ  a  mode  of 
indicating  those  sounds,  which,  if  it  does  not  afford 
any  effectual  assistance  to  the  mere  English  scholar, 
may  at  least  be  in  no  danger  of  embarrassing  or 
leading  him  astray.  Thus  we  have  represented  the 
sound  of  the  German  ch  by  k,  distinguished  by  being 
a  small  capital.  Perhaps  a  strongly  aspirated  h — 
which  might  be  indicated  by  hh — would  convey  a 
nearer  idea  of  the  German  sound  ;  but  it  seemed  less 
eligible  than  the  other  mode,  both  because  persons 
might  differ  in  the  pronunciation  of  it,  or  perhaps 
be  at  a  loss  to  pronounce  it  at  all,  and  because  the 
established  mode  of  anglicizing  the  German  ch 
seems  to  be  to  change  its  sound  to  that  of  k,  as  in 
the  instances,  Blucher,]|  Blumknbach,  Metter- 
NiCH,  &c.  The  Scotch  and  Dutch  sounds  of  ch,  so 
similar  to  the  German,  when  anglicized,  assume  in- 
variably, if  we  mistake  not,  the  sound  of  k.  The 
ordinary  mode  of  pronouncing  the  Greek  x  tends  to 
the  same  result.  We  have  not,  however,  represented 
the  sound  of  the  German  g,  at  the  end  of  a  syllable, 
in  the  so.me  manner  as  the  ch,  though  it  has  the 
same  sound,  because  it  is  not  customary  to  anglicize 
it  by  the  sound  of  k,  except  in  a  few  instances.^ 
Were  the  pronunciation  of  such  a  word  as  berg  rep- 
resented by  JerK,  it  would  have  the  effect  to  lead 
the  English  scholar  to  pronounce  it  differently  from 
the  ordinary  mode,  while  he  would  be  in  no  respect 
nearer  the  German  than  those  who  pronounce  the 
word  according  to  the  English  sound  of  the  letters. 
Another  consideration  may,  perhaps,  be  allowed  to 
have  some  weight,  viz.,  that  though  the  more  ap- 
proved mode  of  German  pronunciation  requires  that 
g,  when  it  does  not  begin  a  word,  should  be  pro- 
nounced like  ch,  yet  in  some  parts  of  Germany  it  is 
pronounced  in  every  case  like  g  hard  in  English.  In 
a  similar  manner,  and  for  similar  reasons,  we  have 
usually  represented  the  German  w  by  a  w,  and  not 

I  Although,  in  America,  we  very  frequently  hear  this  name  pro- 
nounced Elu'lcher  by  intelligent  speakers,  the  ch  should  unques- 
tionably be  hard,  as  is  indicated  by  the  following  passage  from 
Moobe's  Fudge  Family  in  Paris  : 

"  A  fine  sallow  sublime  sort  of  Werter-faced  man. 
With  mustachios  that  gave  (what  we  read  of  so  oft) 
The  dear  Corsair  expression,  half  savage,  half  soft ; 
As  Hyenas  in  love  may  be  fancied  to  look,  or 
A  something  between  Abelard  and  old  Blucher." 
f  Dastzic,  or  Dantzick  (Ger.  Danzig),  Leipsic,  or  Leipsick  (Ger. 
Leipzig),  Sleswick  (Ger.  Schleswig;  Dan.  Sletvig),  are  the  only  ex- 
amples that  we  now  recollect. 

11 


INTRODUCTION  TO  THE  FIRST  EDITION. 


hj  a  «,  thov^  this  u  nearer  the  sound  of  the  Gtor- 
tum  letter. 

With  regard  to  French  names,  however,  a  diffierent 
plan  has  been  punued,  both  because  it  is  less  easy, 
•o  to  speak,  to  anglicize  the  French  letters,  and  be- 
cause, fVnm  the  circumstance  of  this  being  far  more 
atudied  than  any  other  foreign  language,  it  is  much 
more  usual  to  adopt  all  the  peculiar  sounds  of  the 
letters  in  pronouncing  French  words  or  names. 

VI.  In  giving  the  pronunciation  of  the  geograph- 
ical names  contained  in  the  present  work,  we  hnve 
adhered,  in  the  main,  to  the  method  of  "VVulker,  not 
only  from  a  desire  to  avoid  all  unnecessary  innova- 
tion upon  a  system  which  has  been  so  generally  re- 
ceived, but  also  because  we  regard  it,  on  the  whole, 
as  superior  to  any  other  system  which  has  hitherto 
been  g^iven  to  the  public*  As,  however,  a  multi- 
tude of  instances  occur  wherein  the  ordinary  spell- 
ing of  geographical  names  indicates  exactly  or  very 
nearly  the  proper  manner  of  pronouncing  them,  it 
has  been  thought  unnecessary  in  such  cases  to  give 
a  different  spelling  in  order  to  show  the  exact  pro- 
nunciation. Thus,  in  giving  the  pronunciation  of 
•uch  names  as  T'ip^on,  TKlait,  &c.,  we  have  not  re- 
written them,  as  Walker  would  have  done,  tlK-slt, 
tlp'-tftn,  or  l!p-t'n,  but  merely  given  Tip''-tox, 
Til'-8IT. 

In  several  other  respects  we  have  differed  from 
Walker  in  marking  the  pronunciation  ;  thus,  in  such 
aames  as  Berkshirk,  Bkrn,  &c.,  instead  of  writing, 
after  Walker's  method,  bSrk'-shir,  bSrn,  we  write 
b^rk'-shjr,  hern,  &c.,  the  point  under  the  e  and  i 
denoting  that  this  vowel  has  an  obscure  sound  nearly 
like  short  u.  We  have  not  represented  the  sound  by 
the  short  M  (bark'-shGr,  bftm),  since  our  most  cele- 
brated orthoepists  make  a  decided  distinction  between 
the  sounds  of  e  and  «  in  a  syllable  ending  with  r.f 
To  represent,  on  the  other  hand,  the  sound  of  e  in 
Bkrn  by  4  (e  in  terror  or  herring),  or  that  of  i  in 
Bbrkshirs  by  !  (i  in  sptHi),  would  obviously  be 
•till  wider  from  the  mark.  The  mode  adopted  by  us 
will,  it  is  hoped,  be  found  sufficiently  definite,  at  the 
aarae  time  that  it  obviates  both  of  the  difficulties  just 
mentioned. 

VII.  With  a  view  to  simplify  as  much  as  possible, 
we  have  rejected  Walker's  second  and  third  sounds 
of  0  (the  former  being  equivalent  to  oo,  the  latter  to 
au)  and  his  third  sound  of  u  (corresponding  with  oo 
in  good,  a  sound  which  we  have  represented  by  66). 


•  It  may  not  be  Improper  to  observe  that  with  respect  to  actual 
yronurwiation  we  have  differed  from  Walker  In  a  namtjer  of  par- 
ticnlara.  Thus,  we  pronounce  Asia,  a'-shea,  according  to  the  prac- 
tice of  the  best  English  speakers,  though  Walker  gives  a'-zhe-n  as 
(be  true  pronunciation.  (See  Principles  of  Pronunciation,  453.) 
In  a  few  Instances  we  have  departed  from  his  practice  in  the  ac- 
centuation of  classical  names,— «  g ,  we  have,  with  the  sanction  of 
the  highest  authorities  of  the  present  day,  given  the  nante  of  the 
ancient  capital  of  Egypt  with  the  accent  on  the  pennltima,  thus— 
Alexasmi'a— though  Walker  accentnates  the  aatepenultima,  us 
we  do,  in  pronouncing  the  modem  Ai.exandki\.  (See  Alexan- 
BRIA,  in  the  body  of  this  work.) 

t  Walker  aays  that  "  Dtr^  Is  prononnced  kbaklt  as  if  written 
i)»*f"— and  that  "jbr,  a  tree,  is  perfectly  similar  [in  sound]  to  the 
flnt  syllable  in  ftrmenl,  though  often  corbuptlt  pronounced  like 
fur,  a  skin."    (See  Principles  of  Proannciation,  100  and  109.) 
18 


From  the  same  motive,  we  have  dispensed  with  the 
figured  vowels  whenever  thoir  use  has  not  appeared 
to  be  necessary  in  order  to  avoid  ambiguity.  Thus 
(as  already  observed),  we  write  simply  Til'-hit,  and 
not  Tilsit,  til'-slt,  as  Walker  would  have  done.  All 
marks  or  figures  which  are  not  needed  in  order  to 
indicate  the  exact  pronunciation  must  tend  rather  to 
embarrass  than  to  aid  the  learner. 

VIII.  The  Latin  names  of  foreign  countries  are 
nearly  always  to  be  pronounced  with  the  English 
sounds  of  the  letters.  Thus,  in  BavA''ria,  Bul- 
aA''RiA,  Lusa'tia,  and  Transylva''nia,  the  ac- 
cented A  should  have  its  first  sound. 

Obs.  In  Prussia  and  RtrssiA,  the  u  Instead  of 
being  pronotinced  short,  as  it  would  naturally  be  in 
Latin  names  of  this  kind,  was  formerly  sounded  like 
00 ;  but  this  usage  is  becoming  obsolete,  the  u  being 
now  sounded  as  in  hut  or  rush.  The  first  syllable  of 
Bulgaria,  however,  is,  if  we  mistake  not,  generally 
pronounced  b66l,  and  not  btil. 

IX.  In  the  anglicized  forms  of  foreign  names, 
and  in  most  well-known  names  of  foreign  countries, 
the  same  rules  of  pronunciation,  generally  speaking, 
obtain,  as  in  genuine  English  words,— e.^.,  Spain, 
Italy,  Naples,  &c. 

Obs.  1.  At  the  same  time,  we  may  observe  a  gen- 
eral tendency  to  adopt  those  sounds  of  the  English 
vowels  which  approach  most  nearly  to  the  foreign 
sounds:  thus  the  a  in  the  first  syllable  of  Adriatic 
and  Paris  has  its  fourth  sound,  which  is  much 
nearer  to  the  French  and  Italian  a  than  its  first 
sound,  though  this  would  probably  be  given  to  these 
names  by  the  mere  English  scholar,  who  should  be 
guided  by  analogy  solely.  In  like  manner,  the  i  in 
Milan  is  made  short,  so  as  nearly  to  correspond  to 
the  Italian  i,  which  is  like  our  4  or  ee. 

Obs.  2.  In  the  pronunciation  of  foreign  names 
that  have  become  thoroughly  anglicized,  it  is  inter- 
esting to  observe  the  tendency  of  our  language  to 
throw  the  accent  as  far  as  possible  from  the  termina- 
tion. Thus  Paris  is  pronounced  with  the  accent  on 
the  first  syllable,  though  the  French  appear  to  place 
it  on  the  last;  and  the  Germans,  who  have  not  the 
same  aversion  to  the  ultimate  accent  that  we  have, 
lay  the  stress  of  voice  distinctly  on  the  final  syllable, 
thus,  pJ-riss''.  Hanover,  which  might  be  pro- 
nounced with  the  native  accentuation  (Handover) 
without  the  slightest  offence  to  the  genius  of  our 
tongue,^  has  become  irrecoverably  Han''over.  Thus, 
also,  we  pronounce  Andalu-'sia  (in  Spanish,  Anda- 
luci'a),  Ar'agon  (in  Spanish,  AraoOn'),  &c.  So, 
in  our  own  country,  the  old  Niaga'ra  has  become 
unalterably  fixed  as  Niag'ara  ;  and  Huron''  has 
given  place  to  Hu''bon. 

X.  It  may  be  observed  that  with  respect  to  foreign 
names,  not  only  in  the  French,  Italian,  and  other 
languages  that  are  written  in  the  Roman  letters,  but 
also  in  German  g  and  Greek  (the  characters  of  which 
may  be  readily  converted  into  corresponding  Roman 
letters),  it  is  generally  customary  in  English  to  re- 
tain the  literal  spelling, — e.g.,  Anspach  (German, 
2(ii«pa(f)),  KoNiQSBKRG  (German,  S6nig«berfl),  Chios 
(Greek,  Xtof),  Ac,  excepting  a  very  few  well-known 
names,  as  Lyons  (French,  Lyon),  Naples  (Italian, 
Napoli),   Munich    (German,    Wlun^en),    Dantzic 


X  We  have  a  multitude  of  wwds  similar  In  accent,  as  promoter, 
devotion,  &c. 

§  It  is,  perhaps,  scarcely  necessary  to  remark  that  Boman  letters 
are  not  unfrequently  employed  in  writing  and  printing  German. 


INTRODUCTION  TO  THE  FIRST  EDITION. 


(German,  ©aiijig),  Leipsic  (German,  Ceipjifl) ;  we 
often  find,  however,  the  last  two  names  spelled  liter- 
ally Danzig  and  Leipzig. 

XI.  On  the  other  hand,  names  in  languages  of 
which  the  characters  cannot  be  readily  converted 
into  Roman  letters,  or  which  are  but  little  known 
as  written  languages,  are  usually  spelled  according 
to  their  sound  in  some  well-known  European  tongue. 
Thus  the  name  of  one  of  the  cities  of  Persia  is  writ- 
ten, in  English,  Shoosier  or  Shuster,  in  German, 
Schuster,  and  in  French ,  Chouster,  precisely  the  same 
sound  being  expressed  by  these  different  spellings. 

We  find,  in  English  works  of  the  highest  char- 
acter, these  various  modes  of  writing  Oriental  and 
other  names  employed  indiscriminately.  Thus  in 
McCulloch's  Geographical  Dictionary,  under  the 
article  Shttstkr,  we  find  within  the  space  of  eight 
lines  Khuzistan  (Khoozistan),  Karoon,  and  Dez- 
phoul  (Dezfool)  ;  the  first  name  being,  as  regards 
the  sound  of  the  vowels,  German  or  Italian,  the 
second  English,  and  the  third  French.  On  the  map 
of  Persia,  published  by  the  Society  for  the  Diffusion 
of  Useful  Knowledge,  names  written  according  to 
these  three  different  modes  occur  promiscuously  in 
almost  every  part.  Even  the  same  name  is  fre- 
quently spelled  differently  in  different  parts  of  the 
same  work.  Thus,  on  the  map  just  mentioned, 
OoRFA  is  written  "  07ifa  or  Our/a,"  while  on  another 
of  the  same  set  it  is  spelled  Urfa.  In  the  Penny 
Cyclopaedia  we  find  Boossa  and  Boussa,  Soodan  and 
Sudan,  Toorkistan  and  Turkistan,  &c.  McCuUoch 
gives  Shumla  (Shoomla)  under  its  proper  head,  but, 
mentioning  the  town  in  another  place,  writes  it 
Schumla:  in  the  same  article,  Africa,  he  has  both 
Soodan  and  Soudan,  each  occurring  several  times : 
under  Mogadore  he  gives  Shwera  (more  properly 
Sweera)  as  the  Moorish  name  of  this  town ;  after- 
wards, in  enumerating  the  principal  fortified  and 
garrison  towns  of  Morocco,  he  gives  Suira  (pro- 
nounced Sweera),  without  so  much  as  mentioning 
the  name  of  Moqadgre.  As  neither  Schumla  nor 
Suira  are  to  be  found  in  his  Gazetteer  under  their 
respective  heads,  it  is  scarcely  possible  that  any  one 
unacquainted  with  the  different  modes  of  writing 
these  names  should  know  what  places  are  meant  by 
them,  or  in  what  part  of  his  work  to  look  for  in- 
formation respecting  them. 

XII.  In  order  to  avoid  the  perplexity  and  con- 
fusion resulting  from  the  diversity  which  prevails  in 
the  mode  of  writing  Oriental  names  and  others  of 
the  same  class,  we  have  made  it  a  point  always  to 
spell  them  after  the  English  manner,  except  in  a  few 
instances  where  a  different  spelling  appears  to  have 
become  thoroughly  established  by  usage.  Accord- 
ingly, we  have  given  Oorfa,  Soodak,  Toorkistan, 
&c.,  as  the  preferable  mode  of  writing  such  names; 
at  the  same  time,  under  the  heads  of  Ourfa  and 
Urfa,  Soudan  and  Sodau,  and  Turkistan,  the 
reader  will  find  a  reference  to  the  names  as  spelled 
in  the  English  manner,  to  which  he  must  look  for  a 
description  of  those  places.  By  adopting  this  plan, 
it  is  believed  that  the  correct  pronunciation  of  Ori- 
ental names  will  be  taught  in  the  simplest  and  easiest 


manner;  the  perplexity  and  error  into  which  the 
prevailing  inconsistent  mode  of  writing  such  names 
has  sometimes  led  even  well-informed  geographers 
will  be  avoided ;  and  the  apparent  contradictions 
which  are  so  often  met  with  in  our  most  popular 
geographical  works  will  be  accouQted  for  and  recon- 
ciled.* 

XIII.  In  giving  the  pronunciation  of  this  class 
of  geographical  names,  to  represent  the  accent  cor- 
rectly is  the  principal  difficulty  to  be  encountered. 
Those  acquainted  with  French  are  aware  that  this 
language  has  no  accent,  in  the  sense  in  which  we 
employ  the  term.  The  same  may  be  said  of  the 
Hungarian,  and  perhaps  also  of  the  Arabic,  Turk- 
ish, and  Persian.  At  all  events,  those  best  acquainted 
with  these  languages  are  not  unfrequently  at  a  loss 
when  they  wish  to  represent  accurately  in  English 
the  accentuation  of  Arabic,  Turkish,  and  Persian 
words.  Nevertheless,  it  will  be  found  that  here,  a» 
in  the  French  and  Hungarian,  there  is  something 
analogous  to  our  accent,  which  will  generally  serve 
to  guide  us  in  marking  in  English  the  accentuation 


*  There  can  be  little  doubt  that  the  practice  which  prevails 
among  the  English,  of  writing  Oriental  names  after  the  manner 
of  other  European  nations,  has  sometimes  led  geographers  of  the 
highest  character  into  error.  Thus  Blanlclioo,  the  name  of  a  tribe 
of  Tartars  inhabiting  the  north  part  of  the  Chinese  empire,  is 
written,  by  some  of  the  most  respectable  authorities,  Manchow.  It 
is  probable  that  in  the  first  place  some  English  writer  or  writers 
spelled  it  Mantchou,  after  the  French  manner,  and  that  others,  sup- 
posing it  to  be  English,  and  wishing  to  adopt  a  mode  of  spelling 
less  equivocal,  wrote  it  ilanchoic.  It  may  be,  however,  that  the 
latter  indicates  the  true  pronunciation,  and  that  the  name  was 
originally  written  correctly  Mantchou,  the  ou  having  its  genuine 
English  sound ;  and  that  some  English  writer,  naturally  supposing 
it  to  be  French  (for  many,  if  not  most,  of  the  English  appear  to 
prefer  the  French  mode  of  spelling  such  names  to  their  own), 
without  investigating  the  subject,  converted  the  name,  as  they 
thought,  into  English,  by  writing  it  Manlchoo.  As  Mantchooria 
(the  country  of  the  Mantchoos)  is  rarely  visited  by  Europeans,  this 
question  may  loug  remain  undecided.  At  present,  Manlchoo  ap- 
pears to  have  become  almost  universal.  In  one  of  the  earlier 
numbers  of  the  Penny  Cyclopsedia  {arlicU  Chiva)  we  find  it  writ- 
ten ManchotB,  but  in  other  parts  of  the  work,  Mandthoo,  which  does 
not  differ  materially  in  sound  from  ilantchoo. 

Had  the  English  uniformly  adopted  the  practice  of  writing 
Oriental  names  according  to  the  sounds  of  their  own  language,  it 
is  probable  that  Cabul  would  never  have  lost  its  nativ«  souad 
(Ka'-b'l)  so  far  as  to  be  generally  pronounced  by  the  English  and 
French,  Cahool  or  Cahoui.  (See  Oabool,  in  the  body  of  this  work.) 
It  is  true  that  it  was  formerly  written  correctly,  in  English  works, 
Cabul  or  Caubul;  but  the  practice  of  spelling  Oriental  names  ac- 
cording to  the  German  or  Italian  mode  is  so  common  among  Eng- 
lish writers,  that  analogy  would  naturally  lead  us  to  adopt  or 
confirm  that  pronunciation  of  Cabul,  which  appears  to  be  now  so 
thoroughly  established.  Had  it  been  the  uniform  practice  of  Eng- 
lish travellers  and  geographers  to  write  such  names  as  Surmul, 
Dezful  (or  Dezphoxil),  according  to  the  sounds  of  their  own  tongue, 
viz.,  Soormool  and  Dez/ool,  no  English  reader  would  have  thought 
of  pronouncing  the  u  in  Cabul  like  oo.  The  erroneous  pronuncia- 
tion of  a  single  name  may,  perhaps,  justly  be  regarded  as  of  little 
moment;  but  the  embarrassment  and  error  into  which  the  prevail- 
ing practice  of  English  writers  on  geography  Is  continually  liable 
to  lead  both  the  ignorant  and  learned,  appear  to  us  to  involve  con- 
siderations of  the  highest  importance  to  the  interests  of  geographi- 
cal science.  From  a  sincere  wish  to  add  as  much  as  possible  to  the 
utility  of  the  present  work,  we  have  had  recourse  to  the  system 
of  writing  Oriental  names  which  has  already  been  explained.  It 
may  be  remarked  that  though  this  system  is  frequently  at  variance 
with  common  usage,  it  is  sanctioned  by  the  example  of  the  most 
distinguished  French  geographers,  as  well  as  of  seveMl  Enslisb 
writers  of  the  highest  character. 

IS 


INTRODUCTION  TO  THE  FIRST  EDITION. 


of  names  in  tboso  languages.  The  different  syllables 
of  Oriental  names,  however,  like  those  of  French 
words,  are  not  unfrequontly  pronounced  with  a  stress 
of  voice  so  nearly  equal  that  it  has  been  deemed 
proper,  in  a  number  of  instances,  to  use  the  second- 
ary accents,  in  order  to  indicate  more  precisely  the 
true  pronunciation.  (See  remarks  on  the  French 
accent.  Section  XVI.) 

0b8.  1.  It  may  not  be  improper  here  to  remind 
tlie  reader  that  the  accents  wliich  we  often  see  upon 
Oriental  names  are  by  no  means  to  be  understood  as 
always  indicating  the  manner  in  which  an  English- 
man should  accentuate  these  names  in  pronuncintion, 
as  they  are  often  employed  to  denote  some  particular 
sound  in  the  vowels  over  which  they  are  placed. 
Thus  some  authors  place  an  accent  upon  a,  when 
they  wish  merely  to  signify  that  this  letter  has  the 
clear  full  sound  of  a  in  far.  In  the  same  manner,  an 
accent  is  placed  upon  u,  in  order  to  show  that  it  has 
the  Italian  or  German  sound,  or,  in  other  words,  is 
to  be  pronounced  like  oo. 

Obs.  2.  The  sound  of  a  in  several  of  the  Oriental 
languages  is  often  very  broad,  approaching  nearly  to 
that  of  au  in  English.  Hence  we  often  see  Afghaun 
instead  of  Afghan,  Cauvery  instead  of  Cavkry, 
miltaun  instead  of  sultan,  &c.    In  writing  Nepaul 


and  Bhopaul,  the  improper  diphthong  au  appears 
to  be  almost  universally  employed  by  the  English. 
The  French  indicate  the  same  sound  by  using  a 
with  a  circumflex, — e.g.,  NkpAl,  BhopXl,'&c.  This 
method  is,  perhaps,  preferable  to  ours,  the  sound  of 
a  being  intermediate  between  that  in  the  English 
•word  far  and  that  in  fall. 

Obs.  8.  The  Arabic  article  al  or  el  is  often  changed 
in  pronunciation,  so  as  to  correspond  with  the  initial 
consonant  of  the  word  to  which  it  is  prefixed  ;  thus, 
El-Ka8HKKd  (Kushid),  El-Sham  (the  Arabic  name 
of  Syria),  and  El-Sioot,  are  pronounced,  and  should 
be  written  in  English,  Er-Raaheed,  Esh-Sham,  Ea- 
Sloot.  The  vowel  sound  of  the  article  also  varies 
considerably,  sometimes  approaching  that  of  oo ; 
thus  the  "  Country  of  Dates,"  is  usually  pronounced 
Beled'OOl  Jer-ecd'.  So  Es-SioOT  (or  Sioot,  without 
the  article)  is  sometimes  written  Asayout  and  Oaioot. 

Obs.  4.  Qh,  in  the  Anibic  and  some  other  Oriental 
tongues,  is  not  merely  a  hard  g,  as  in  the  Italian, 
nor  an  aspirate  like  the  German  eh,  as  in  the  Irish 
language,  but  a  harsh  guttural,  bearing  the  same 
relation  to  the  German  ch  that  g  bears  to  k.  As  it 
has  no  equivalent  in  any  European  language,  we 
have  not  attempted  to  distinguish  it  in  pronuncia- 
tion, having  represented  it  merely  by  a  hard  g. 

Obs.  6.  Kh  is  equivalent  to  ch  in  German,  and 
accordingly  has  been  represented  by  k,  distinguished 
as  a  small  capital. 


GENERAL  PRINCIPLES  OF  PRONUNCIATION  OF  THE  MORE 
IMPORTANT  EUROPEAN  LANGUAGES. 


It  may,  perhaps,  be  proper  to  remark  that  this 
brief  exposition  of  the  peculiar  sounds  of  the  differ- 
ent European  languages  has  been  prepared  solely 
with  reference  to  the  pronunciation  of  foreign  geo- 
graphical names.  The  object  has  been  twofold  :  first, 
to  enable  the  reader  more  fully  to  understand  the 
system  of  orthoepy  adopted  in  this  Gazetteer;  sec- 
ondly, to  furnish  some  general  hints  for  the  proper 
pronunciation  of  those  European  names  which  are 
not  found  in  the  present  work.  Some  explanation 
of  the  kind  has  been  deemed  indispensable ;  and, 
brief  and  imperfect  as  this  may  be,  it  is  hoped  that 
it  will  be  found  to  answer  the  particular  object 
proposed. 

BOHEMIAN. 
[See  Obsertatiox  at  the  end  of  Section  XXII.] 

DANISH. 
XIV. 

1.  A  is  pronounced  generally  as  in  the  English  word /ar, 
though  it  frequently  approaches  the  sound  of  a  in  fat. 

2.  E,  at  the  end  of  an  accented  syllable,  usually  has  a 
sound  like  that  of  t  in  pin  ;  in  other  cases  it  is  sometimes 
like  e  in  met,  and  sometimes  like  e  in  battery. 

3.  /  is  like  ee,  or  like  t  in  pin. 

4.  0  is  like  the  English  o. 
6.   V  is  like  oo. 

6.  Y  is  equivalent  to  the  French  u  or  fi. 

7.  Aa  sounds  like  o. 

14 


8.  Ae  sounds  like  a  in  fate. 

9.  le  sounds  like  ee  in  English. 

10.  Oe  or  o  is  the  same  as  in  German. 

11.  The  consonants  6,  c,f,  h,  k,  I,  m,  n,  p,  q,  a,  t,  x,  z,  are 
like  the  English. 

12.  D,  between  two  vowels,  or  at  the  end  of  a  syllable  in 
which  it  follows  a  vowel,  sounds  like  th  in  thit ;  in  other 
situations  it  is  usually  the  same  as  in  English. 

13.  (?  is  always  hard  ;  at  the  end  of  a  word  it  is  sounded 
very  slightly,  so  as  to  resemble  h, — e.g.,  Aalborgi  is  pro- 
nounced nearly  ol'-bor'h. 

14.  J  is  like  the  English  y  (consonant). 

15.  B  is  similar  to  the  German. 

16.  Fis  usually  like  the  English,  but  it  sometimes  ap- 
pears to  have  a  vowel  sound ;  thus,  havn  is  pronounced 
almost  houn. 

17.  W  has  a  sound  similar  to  the  German. 

DUTCH. 

XV. 

1.  The  vowels  a,  e,  x,  o,  and  u  are  similar  to  the  French. 

2.  Fis  like  long  i  in  English,  as  in  nigh. 

Obs.  Ij  is  sometimes  made  use  of  instead  of  y;  thus, 
OVERYSSEL  is  not  unfrequently  written  Overijsael. 

3.  Ae  is  equivalent  to  &.&,  or  &. 

4.  le  sounds  like  ee  in  English. 

5.  Oe  sounds  like  oo. 

6.  Oo  sounds  like  o  long. 

1,  Ui  or  uy  is  similar  to  oi  in  English,  or  eu  in  German. 
8.  The  consonants  b,  c,  f,  h,  k,  I,  m,  n,  p,  q,  r,  s,  t,  x,  *, 
are  similar  to  the  English. 


I 


INTRODUCTION  TO  THE  FIRST  EDITION. 


9.  B,  at  the  end  of  a  word,  is  like  (/  in  other  cases  it 
is  the  same  as  in  English. 

10.  (?  resembles  in  sound  a  strongly-aspirated  h,  or  the 
German  ch. 

11.  Ji%  equivalent  to  the  English  y  (consonant). 

12.  V,  at  the  beginning  of  a  word  or  name,  usually  sounds 
like  /,  as  in  tterman. 

13.  W  is  somewhat  like  the  German,  but  softer.  In  the 
word  Nieuw  ("new"),  followed  by  a  consonant,  as  Nieuw- 
POORT  (written  also  Nieupoort),  it  is  silent. 

14.  (7/t  is  similar  to  the  German  cA.  (16.)  iSfeA,  however, 
has  not,  as  in  German,  the  sound  of  the  English  sh,  but  the 
pure  sound  of  s,  followed  by  the  guttural  ch,  resembling  sk 
in  English. 

Obs.  The  Flemish  is  so  closely  allied  to  the  Dutch  that 
it  may  be  regarded  as  essentially  the  same  language. 

FRENCH. 
XVI. 

1.  A,  in  French,  is  generally  considered  to  have  two 
sounds :  the  first  long,  as  in  the  English  word /ar, — e.g.,  in 
pas;  the  second  short,  almost  like  a  in  /at, — e.g.,  in  bal. 
A  circumflexed  (d),  however,  has  a  sound  broader  than  the 
a  in  pas,  being  intermediate  between  that  in  far  and  that 
in  fall.  In  giving  the  pronunciation  of  French  names  con- 
taining an  d,  we  have  used  the  same  letter,  as  we  have  no 
equivalent  in  English. 

Obs.  The  French  a  would  frequently  seem  to  be  interme- 
diate between  its  second  English  sound  and  that  of  short  u. 
However  this  may  be,  the  French  writers  often  employ  a  in 
spelling  Oriental  names,  when  the  English  make  use  of  u, 
— e.g.,  in  Cutch  (Fr.  Catch),  Fhrruckabad  (Fr.  Farrak- 
dhdd),  MusKAT  (Fr.  Mascate). 

2.  E  has  three  sounds:  (1)  close,  like  o  in  /ate, — e.g., 
in  it6;  (2)  open,  nearly  as  in  met,  but  more  prolonged, — 
e.g.,  in  prods  and  tete;^  (3)  obscure,  as  in  battery, — e.g., 
in  retour,  devrait.f 

3.  /  has  two  sounds :  the  first  nearly  as  in  the  English 
word  Jig, — e.g.,  in  il,  ami;  the  second  like  ie  iajteld,  or  ee, 
—e.g.,  in  gite. 

4.  0  has  three  sounds:  (1)  nearly  as  in  roie, — e.g.,  in 
tr6ne;  (2)  as  in  rob, — e.g.,  in  parole;  (3)  as  in  lord, — e.g., 
in  corps, 

Obs.  0  circumflexed,  in  French,  has  a  deeper  and  fuller 
sound  than  o  long  in  English  :  in  giving  the  pronunciation 
of  French  names  containing  this  letter,  we  have  used  the 
same,  as  no  English  vowel  or  vowels  could  accurately  indi- 
cate its  sound, — e.g.,  PuY  de  DdME,  pwee  d'ddme, 

5.  The  sound  of  the  French  u  has  no  equivalent  in  Eng- 
lish. It  may  be  said  to  be  intermediate  between  ee  and  oo  ; 
but  it  can  be  learned  from  an  oral  instructor  only.  In  the 
present  work  it  is  represented  by  the  German  ii  (or  ue). 

Obs.  U,  before  n,  nasal,  has  its  second  English  sound 
nearly,  un  being  pronounced  almost  una. 

6.  Y  is  similar  to  the  French  ». 

7.  At  is  like  i,  or  e  open. 

8.  Au  is  like  S. 

9.  Ei  is  like  I, 

Obs.  In  giving  the  pronunciation  of  French  names  in 
which  ai  or  ei  (not  followed  by  n  nasal)  occur, — e.g.,  Lor- 
raine, Seine,  Ac, — we  have  sometimes  represented  the 
sound  of  these  diphthongs  by  k  or  ai,  because  this  is  the 
usual  mode  of  anglicizing  such  names.     But  with  regard 


•  In  pronouncing  this  sound,  the  mouth  must  be  freely  opened, 
whence  the  name. 

t  The  e  in  these  and  similar  cases  is  often  scarcely  sounded  at 
all,  and  appears  to  pass  Imperceptibly  into  e  mute;  retour  and 
dtmaii  may  be  pronounced  r'toor  %\\A  dCvray. 


to  places  less  known,  ai  and  ei  are  rendered  by  fl  (e  in  met), 
as  IBabtenheim,  banH^h-nSm'.  In  these  instances  the  sound 
of  8  should  be  somewhat  prolonged,  the  mouth  at  the  same 
time  being  freely  opened. 

10.  Eu  is  similar  to  the  English  u  in  tub,  but  the  sound 
is  more  prolonged,  nearly  resembling  «  in  /ur, 

Obs.  Eu,  in  the  different  parts  of  the  verb  avoir,  "to 
have,"  always  has  the  sound  of  simple  u. 

11.  Ie  is  like  ee  in  English,  or  i. 

12.  Oi  usually  sounds  like  wi, — e.g.,  moi  is  pronounced 
mwi  or  mwoh. 

Obs.  Oi  was  formerly  used  in  the  termination  of  the 
French  verbs, — e.g.,  avois,  avoit,  avoient;  also  in  the  final 
syllable  of  a  number  of  adjectives,  as  Polonois,  ''  Polish," 
and  Lyonnnis,  "belonging  to  Lyons."  The  oi  in  these 
words — which  are  now  usually  written  avais,  avait,  avaienl, 
Polonais,  Lyonnais — sounds  like  at  (or  i). 

13.  On  sounds  like  oo  in  English. 

14.  B,  c,{  d,  /,  k,  p,  t,  V,  and  z  are  the  same  as  in  English. 

15.  6,  before  a,  o,  and  «,  is  hard,  as  in  the  English  word 
gap  ;  before  e,  i,  and  y  it  is  soft,  having  the  sound  of  zh,  or 
of  »  in  pleasure.  Gu  sounds  like  g  hard ;  thus,  gu6,  guide, 
are  pronounced  g4,  gheed, 

16.  H  is  never  pronounced  in  French  so  forcibly  as  in 
English.  Some  orthoepists  say  that  h  has  no  sound  in 
French.^ 

n.  J  sounds  like  soft  g  in  French,  or  zh  in  English. 

18.  L  has  usually  the  same  sound  as  in  English;  but 
when  it  ends  a  word,  being  preceded  by  i,  or  when  II  follows 
t,  in  any  situation,  it  usually  has  what  is  called  its  liquid 
sound.  This  may  be  said  to  answer  nearly  to  the  sound  of 
Hi  in  million,  the  sound  of  I  in  such  cases  being  blended 
with  that  of  y  (consonant), — e.g.,  papillon  is  pronounced 
pS^-peel'-y6N»' ;  Chantilly,  sh&N°'-teer-yee',  Ac.  It  should, 
however,  be  observed  that,  according  to  the  present  practice 
of  the  more  polite  French  speakers,  the  sound  of  I  is  scarcely 
heard  at  all  in  such  words,  so  that  their  pronunciation  might 
rather  be  indicated  thus, — pi^-pee*-y6N»',  sh6w*-tee*-yee'. 

19.  M&nd  iV,  when  followed  by  a  vowel,  or  when  double, 
have  the  same  sound  as  in  English ;  but  when  at  the  end 
of  a  word  (not  immediately  followed  by  another  word  be- 
ginning with  a  vowel),  or  when  followed  by  another  conso- 
nant in  the  middle  of  a  word,  they  have  what  is  termed  the 
nasal  sound,  which  resembles  that  of  ng,  as  in  long,  pang, 
&o.,  but  is  somewhat  softer.||  Thus,  m  and  n  are  nasal  in 
such  words  as  cuvparer,  eomtente,  but  have  their  natural 
sound  in  such  as  commune,  connu.  Melun,  before  a  conso- 
nant, or  standing  by  itself,  would  be  pronounced  almost 
n»7i(N»;  but  if  followed  immediately  by  a  vowel,  as  in  the 
sentence,  Melun  a  six  mille  habitans, — "  Melun  has  six  thou- 
sand inhabitants," — the  final  n  is  sounded  distinctly  like 
nn.  The  pronoun  sien,  when  not  followed  by  a  vowel,  is  pro- 
nounced nearly  se-iu"' ;  but  when  it  takes  the  feminine 
termination,  the  n,  being  doubled,  has  the  same  sound  aa 
in  English,  so  that  sienne  is  pronounced  se-enn'. 

20.  M  or  n,  nasal,  when  preceded  by  e,  usually  causes 
this  vowel  to  assume  the  broad  sound  of  a;  thus  dents, 
sens,  are  pronounced  like  the  French  words  dans  and  sans, 
almost  as  if  written  in  English  ddiS9  and  «oS». 

21.  In,  im,  ain,  aim,  ein,  oin,  and  en,  preceded  immediately 
by  i,  when  nasal,  have  a  sound  nearly  resembling  that  of 
ang  in  the  English  yrord  pang.  In  such  cases,  in,  im,  ain, 
aim,  ein,  and  en  are  pronounced  alike, — iy;  the  o  in  oin 


X  O,  with  a  cedilla  (5),  before  a,  o,  and  u,  sounds  like  »;  thus 
fa,  fo,  fu  are  pronounced  ta,  so,  tu. 

J  See  Bolmar's  Fables — Remark  on  the  letter  h,  page  4. 

I  In  uttering  this  sound,  care  should  be  taken  not  to  press  the 
back  part  of  the  tongue  against  the  palate,  as  is  done  in  pro- 
nouncing the  English  ng. 

1& 


INTRODUCTION  TO  THE  FIRST  EDITION. 


hM  th«  aonad  of  our  w,  so  that  loi»  sad  toin  %n  pronounead 

•iMMt  IW&ll*,  (Win-. 

tt.  In  om  and  on,  nasal,  the  o  ii  Idng,  b»  tn  von't, 

Obs.  The  Fr«noh  nasal  sound  is  represented  in  the  present 
WArk  by  i^,  and  sometimes  by  ir  or  K  distinguished  as  a  small 
eapital, — «.^.,CHAUiioirr,  sho^-m6ii*' ;  Qdispkr,  k&M^-p4Re'. 

SS.  ()  or  ^K,  in  French,  always  sounds  like  k, — «.g.,  quel 
U  pronounced  kel;  qui,  i«e. 

Obs.  Q,  in  Frenek  words  (except  when  terminal,  as  in 
Mf  aad  eittq),  it  always  followed  by  «,  though  it  is  soine- 
timea  employed  without  this  letter  in  writing  certain  foreign 
names.  Thus  Balbi  and  several  other  authors,  both  French 
and  English,  write  Qent  for  Kener,  Qoum  for  Koom,  Ac. 
In  such  cases,  q  is  used  to  denote  a  sound  like  that  of  k, 
bat  somewhat  more  guttural. 

24.  R  is  like  the  English,  but  is  trilled  more  strongly,  ee> 
peoially  when  it  precedes  another  consonant,  or  stands  at 
the  end  of  a  word,  as  in  ventu,  puntR :  in  similar  coses  the 
English  r  is  but  very  slightly  sounded.  This  sound  is  in- 
dieated  by  a  small  capital  r. 

SS.  S,  when  single  and  between  two  vowels,  sounds  like 
•  /  in  other  cases  it  is  the  same  as  in  English. 

26.  X  generally  has  the  same  sound  as  in  English,  but  is 
sometimes  sounded  like  «, — e.g.,  in  six,  pronounce  seece,  and 
BruxelUi  (Brussels),  pronounced  brii'sell';  and  occasion- 
ally like  t,  as  in  dijriime,  dee^-ze-aim'. 

27.  Ch  is  like  th  in  English ;  th  is  like  (. 

28.  Gn  (the  same  as  in  Italian)  has  a  sound  which  blends 
that  of  n  and  y  (consonant),  or,  in  other  words,  is  equiva- 
lent to  the  sound  of  ni  in  minion.  Thus,  Avignoic  is  pro- 
Dooneed  &*-veen^-y&N<>'. 

Obs.  This  sound  is  represented  in  Spanish  by  fl,  and  bears 
the  same  relation  to  n  that  the  liquid  I  (I)  does  to  the  ordi- 
nary I.  In  Hungarian  it  is  expressed  by  ny,  and  in  Portu- 
guese by  nh. 

When  it  occurs  in  the  middle  of  a  word,  we  have  repre- 
sented it  by  n  and  y,  as  in  the  example  above  given  ;  but 
when  it  standi  at  the  end  of  a  word,  as  it  cannot  then  be 
expressed  by  any  letter  or  combination  of  letters  in  English, 
it  has  been  indicated  by  the  Spanish  il.  Accordingly,  the 
French  pronunciation  of  such  names  as  Cologse  and  Bou- 
LoeNK  are  thus  given, — ko^-loK',  boo^-lofi'. 

SILENT   LETTERS. 

29.  The  vowel  «  at  the  end  of  a  word,  when  not  marked 
with  an  accent,  is  invariably  mute, — e.g.,  in  parle,  con- 
(•Mte,*  Ac. 

30.  The  French  consonants,  when  oocnrring  at  the  end 
of  a  word,  are  generally  not  pronounced,  unless  they  are 
immediately  followed  by  a  Word  beginning  with  a  vowel, — 
e.g.,  in  contetrr,  Bordeaux,  and  dents.  If,  however,  they 
are  followed  by  a  mute  e,  or  any  other  vowel,  they  must 
always  be  articulated, — e.g.,  in  eontenre,  dentt,  4c. 

Obs.  1.  The  letters  c,  /,  I,  and  r  are,  when  final,  very  often 
pronounced, — e.g.,  in  avee,  neuf,  il,  and/)«)iiV. 

Obs.  2.  The  French  articulate  the  final  consonants  in 
almost  all  foreign  and  classical  names, — e.g.,  in  Ahstbb- 
SAM  (m  not  nasal),  Vixus,  Ac. 

KEMARkS  ON  TriE  FRENCH  ACCENT. 
It  may  be  observed  that  the  French  language  has  no  ac- 
cent in  the  sense  in  which  we  employ  this  term.  The 
marks  called  accent;  that  are  placed  over  the  different 
vowels,  serve  only  to  indicate  some  particular  sound  of 
these  letter^  and  not  that  peculiar  impulse  of  the  voice 


•  Ih«  partlclM  I*,  ne,  and  the  proDOuns  je,  me,  U,  Ac,  are  per- 
haps, strictly  speaking,  exceptions;  but  though  the  •  in  these 
words  is  not  always  abeolately  mute,  it  l«  very  often  bo;  thug,  the 
MUteoce  voum  me  Iromtmt*  U  mlmt  u  pronounced  room  troov  rtl 
mame,  the  vowel  in  am  and  U  being  entirely  suppressed,  and  the 
oouaonants  attached  to  the  preceding  worda. 

16 


which  characterizes  an  accented  syllable  in  the  EngKsh  and 
most  other  European  tongues.  Thus,  the  accent  over  the  e 
in  parlt  serves  to  show  that  this  vowel  has  its  first  French 
sound,  and  at  the  same  time  distinguishes  it  from  parle, 
another  form  of  the  same  verb,  in  which  the  e  is  mute. 
The  circumflex  imparts  to  the  vowels  over  which  it  is  placed 
a  longer  and  deeper  sound  than  ordinary, — e.g.,  in  h&te, 
temptte,  gtte,  and  apStre. 

It  is  commonly  said  that  the  French  pronounce  all  the 
syllables  of  a  word  with  an  equal  stress  of  voice,  but  that 
they  »eem,  to  an  English  ear,  to  accentuate  the  last,  because, 
in  our  language,  the  universal  tendency  is  to  throw  the  ac- 
cent towards  the  beginning  of  the  word.  (See  IX.,  Obs.  2.) 
Others,  on  the  contrary,  maintain  that  in  pronouncing 
words  of  a  number  of  syllables,  the  voice  of  a  native  French 
speaker  almost  invariably  rises  and  dwells  on  the  last,  and 
that  this  peculiar  terminal  intonation  is  very  analogous, 
and  nearly  equivalent,  to  our  accent.  This  last  opinion  ap- 
pears to  us  to  be  not  without  a  real  foundation.  But,  how- 
ever the  question  may  be  settled,  the  fact  that  the  English, 
who  have  learned  the  pronunciation  of  names  from  hearing 
them  spoken  by  the  French  themselves,  almost  invariably 
throw  the  accent  on  the  final  syllable,  furniiihes,  in  our 
judgment,  sufiicient  ground  for  establishing  a  general  rule 
on  this  subject.  Accordingly,  in  the  present  work,  we  have, 
with  very  few  exceptions,  placed  the  principal  accent  on  the 
last  syllable  of  French  geographical  names ;  at  the  same 
time  it  has  been  thought  proper  to  mark  the  others  with 
secondary  accents,  in  order  to  prevent  them  from  being  pro- 
nounced too  slightly  or  indistinctly,  as  is  usually  the  case 
with  unaccented  syllables  in  English.  The  pronunciation  of 
Orleans,  for  example,  has  been  thus  given, — 0K^-li*-6M»'. 

Obs.  Particular  care,  however,  should  be  taken  not  to 
break  such  names  into  as  many  isolated  sounds  as  there  are 
different  syllables ;  but,  while  pronouncing  these  syllables 
with  a  stress  of  voice  nearly  equal,  to  let  each  glide  smoothly 
into  that  which  follows  it.  It  may  be  observed  that  the 
French,  in  uttering  short  sentences,  usually  make  the  dif- 
ferent words  run  into  each  other,  as  if  they  were  parts  of 
the  same  word. 

GERMAN, 
xvn. 

1.  A,  in  German,  usnally  sounds  as  in  the  English  Word 
far,  though  sometimes  approximating  the  a  in  fat. 

2.  E,  when  long,  sounds  like  a  in  fate;  when  short, 
like  e  in  met :  frequently,  however,  it  has  an  obscure  sound, 
like  e  in  battery. 

3.  /,  long,  sounds  like  i  in  marine  (or  ee  in  English) ; 
t,  short,  like  i  in  pit. 

4.  0,  long,  is  like  that  in  no ;  o,  short,  like  that  in  on. 

5.  U,  long,  is  like  oo  in  cuckoo  ;  u,  short,  like  oo  in  good. 

6.  F  sounds  like  the  German  t. 

7.  Ae,  or  a,  is  similar  to  the  German  e,  or  to  the  English 
a  in  fate. 

8.  Oe,  or  o,  nearly  resembles  the  eu  in  French,  but  has 
no  parallel  sound  in  English;  the  soirnld  in  our  language 
nearest  to  it  is  that  of  e  in  her,  or  «  in  fur.  The  German 
poets  often  rhyme  it  with  e  (d.  or  fl). 

9.  Ue,  or  U,  is  like  the  French  u. 

10.  Ati  is  equivalent  to  the  English  ou  in  our. 

11.  Alt  and  eu  resemble  in  sound  the  English  ot,  as  in  oil. 

12.  Ei  and  ey  have  the  sound  of  t  in  mine,  as  pronounced 
by  the  Americana  (the  English  draw  the  corners  of  the 
mouth  farther  back). 

13.  Ai  is  similar  to  the  preceding,  but  somewhat  broader. 

Obs.  It  may  be  observed  that  at  and  au,  in  German,  as 
well  as  in  several  other  languages,  are  proper  diphthongs, 
the  vowels  preserving  their  distinct  and  proper  sound ;  thu^ 
at  is  equivalent  to  &'-e,  and  au  to  &'-oo,  in  English. 


INTRODUCTION  TO  THE  FIRST  EDITION. 


14.  Ui  sounds  like  oo-e, 

15.  /«  is  equivalent  to  ee  in  English. 

16.  The  consonants  /,  k,  I,  m,  n,  p,  q,  t,  and  x  are  pro- 
nounced as  in  English. 

17.  B  and  d,  at  the  beginning  of  a  word,  have  the  same 
sound  as  in  English  ;  at  the  end  of  a  word,  h  is  pronounced 
lilie  p,  and  d  like  t. 

18.  C,  before  o,  o,  and  u^  sounds  llk«  k;  before  e,  t,  and 
y,  like  U. 

19.  Ch  has  a  sound  unknown  in  our  language,  and  which, 
consequently,  can  be  learned  from  an  oral  instructor  only. 
It  somewhat  resembles  that  of  our  h,  with  a  strong  aspira- 
tion. After  a,  o,  and  «,  it  is  guttural ;  for  example,  in  the 
word  ach.*  When  it  follows  e,  t,  o,  o,  U,  du,  or  eu,  it  seems 
to  be  sounded  more  in  the  palate,  as  in  ich.*  We  have 
represented  this  sound  in  the  present  Work  by  k,  distin- 
guished as  a  small  capital. 

Obs.  Ch,  before  s,  radical  (i.e.,  forming  a  part  of  the  root 
of  the  word),  has  the  sound  of  k, — e.g.,  Ochs  is  pronounced 
oks ;  Sachsen,  s&K'-s^n,  <fco. 

20.  G,  at  the  beginning  of  a  word,  sounds  as  in  the 
English  word  get;  in  other  situations  it  should  be  pro- 
nounced nearly  like  the  German  ch,  in  which  cases  it  is 
represented  by  G,  small  capital.  (See  Section  V.)  In  some 
German  dialects,  however,  it  is  sounded,  in  all  cases,  nearly 
like  g  hard  in  English. 

21.  H  \a  pronounced  only  when  it  begins  a  word. 

Obs.  1.  When  g  and  h  occur  in  the  middle  of  a  compound 
word,  they  have  the  same  sound  as  when  they  are  initial, 
provided  they  begin  any  part  which  is  a  complete  word  in 
itself;  thus,  in  the  participle  gegeben  (given),  the  latter  g 
has  the  same  sound  as  the  former,  because  it  begins  the 
verb  geben  (to  give),  from  which  that  participle  is  derived. 
It  is  sounded  in  like  manner  in  au/geben  (to  give  up)  and 
vergeben  (to  forgive),  Ac.  H,  in  similar  instances,  is  pro- 
nounced,— e.g.,  in  gehaht,  avfhalten,  &o. 

Obs.  2.  G  and  h,  occurring  after  a  vowel,  lengthen  its 
sound, — e.g.,  in  Tag,Zahl,  Floh,  pronounced  t&g,  ts&l,  flo,  <tc. 

22.  J  has  the  sound  of  the  English  y  (consonant). 

23.  Q  is  only  used  before  ti,  and  sounds  as  in  the  English 
word  quit. 

24.  R  is  pronounced  like  rr  in  the  English  word  terror, 
but  somewhat  more  strongly.     (See  XVI.,  24.) 

Obs.  Care  should  be  taken  to  pronounce  the  r,  in  German, 
distinctly  and  forcibly.  In  such  words  as  berg  and  werth, 
the  learner  should  be  particularly  on  his  guard  against  al- 
lowing the  e  to  become  like  short  m,  as  in  similar  words  in 
English.  The  e,  in  such  oases,  should  have  the  same  sound 
as  in  our  word  merit,  so  that  berg  should  be  pronounced 
almost  as  if  written  bairg  (not  burg);  werth,  as  wairt  (not 
wurt),  but  somewhat  shorter. 

25.  S,  at  the  beginning  of  a  word,  or  between  two  vowels, 
is  like  z  /  in  other  cases  it  is  sharp,  as  inthis.  S»  is  always 
sharp. 

26.  Sch  sounds  like  the  English  sh  ;  »z  like  *». 

27.  Th  is  pronounced  like  t,  as  in  most  other  languages. 

28.  F  sounds  like/  in  English,  except  when  between  two 
vowels ;  it  is  then  usually  pronounced  like  our  v. 

29.  W  resembles  our  v,  but  in  pronouncing  it  the  upper 
teeth  should  not  be  allowed  to  touch  the  lower  lip,  as  is 
done  in  uttering  the  English  v.  This  sound  is  indicated  by 
a  u>  marked  thus,  ■^. 

1^30.  Z  and  iz  sound  like  t», 

Obs.  No  general  rule  can  be  given  for  the  accent  of  Ger- 
man words  or  names ;  it  may  be  remarked,  however,  that 
the  penultimate  accent  occurs  much  less  frequently  than  in 
the  Spanish  or  Italian  languages. 

•  Those  who  have  no  opportunity  of  acquiring  this  sound  from 
a  German,  might  perhaps  learn  it  from  a  Scotcliman,  as  the  Scotch 
cA  ig  essentially  the  same  with  the  German,  though  pronounced 
somewhat  more  strongly. 


GREEK  (MODERN). 
XVIII. 

1.  A  a  (alpha)  is  like  a  in /ar. 

2.  E  e  (epsilon)  is  like  a  in/a<e. 

3.  H  >)  (eta)  is  like  ee  in  English. 

4.  1 1  (iota)  is  like  e  in  me,  or  i  in  |)tn« 

5.  O  o  (omicron)  is  like  o  in  English. 

6.  Y  V  (upsllon)  is  nearly  like  the  French  a  (or  tt). 

7.  O  w  (omega)  is  like  6  in  English,  there  being  no  dif- 
ference between  this  and  omicron  in  prose ;  in  poetry  w  is 
longer. 

8.  Ai  is  like  a  in  fate. 

9.  El  and  oi  sound  like  ee  in  English. 

10.  Ov  is  like  our  do. 

11.  6  j3  (beta)  is  like  v  in  English. 

12.  r  y  (gamma)  is  like  g  hard,  as  in  get, 

13.  A  S  (delta)  is  like  th  in  this. 

14.  Z  i  (zeta)  is  like  the  English  z. 

15.  e  9  (thSta)  is  like  th  in  thin. 

16.  K  K  (kappa)  is  like  k. 

17.  A  \  (lambda)  is  like  I. 

18.  M  jx  (mu)  is  like  m. 

19.  N  V  (nu)  is  like  n. 

20.  B  (  (xi)  is  like  x. 

21.  n  IT  (pi)  is  usually  like  the  English  p  ;  bnt  after  fi  (m) 
it  is  like  b, — e.g.,  iixitopoi  is  pronounced  em'bo-ros. 

22.  P  p  (rho)  is  similar  to  the  German  r. 

23.  2  (T  t  (sigma)  is  like  the  English  «. 

24.  T  T  (tau)  is  usually  like  the  English  t;  hfter  v  (n), 
however,  it  is  sounded  like  d, — e.g.,  evrb*  is  pronounced 
en-dos'. 

25.  Y  V  {consonant),  when  before  a  vowel,  or  the  liquids 
I,  m,  n,  r,  is  like  our  v, — e.g.,  avcpvw  is  pronounced  iv-i-rii'o, 
avKhi,  S.V-I0S',  avpiov,  8,v're-on  ;  in  other  cases  it  is  like/, — 
e.g.,  AtvKaSCa  (Leucadia)  is  pronounced  lef-ki-THce'i. 

26.  *  <l>  (phi)  is  equivalent  to  our/. 

27.  X  X  (chi)  is  similar  to  ch  in  German. 

28.  ♦  iji  (psi)  is  like/)*  in  English. 

Obs.  Recently  it  has  become  the  practice  to  give  all,  or 
nearly  all,  the  islands,  towns,  Ac,  of  modern  Greece  their 
ancient  names ;  and  it  is  probable  that  at  no  distant  period 
such  modern  corruptions  as  Theaki  for  Ithaca,  Scio  for 
Chios,  may  be  regarded  as  obsolete.  But,  as  the  modern 
names  are  employed  in  nearly  all  our  books  on  geography, 
and  in  the  writings  of  the  English  travellers  and  poets,  it 
has  been  thought  proper  in  a  work  like  the  present,  which 
is  intended  for  popular  use,  to  assign  to  them  their  accus- 
tomed place. 

HUNGARIAN. 

XIX. 

1.  A,  unaccented,  is  like  o  in  not;  with  an  accent  {&),  it 
has  the  sound  of  o  in  far,  and  is  always  long ;  thus.  Aba 
Uj-vir,  the  name  of  a  town,  is  pronounced  5b-5h  oo-e  v&r. 

2.  E,  unaccented,  is  like  e  in  met;  with  an  accent  {€),'f 
it  has  a  sound  intermediate  between  c  in  met  and  t  in  pit, 
but  more  prolonged. 

3.  /,  and  y  when  a  rowel,  we  similar  to  e  in  me,  or  t  in 

4.  0,  without  an  accent,  is  the  same  as  in  English ;  when 
accented  {6),f  it  has  a  longer  and  deeper  sound. 

6.  U,  without  an  accent,  is  like  00  in  English ;  with  the 
accent  («I),t  its  sound  is  fuller  and  deeper. 

6.  Oe  or  o,  and  U,  are  the  same  as  in  German. 

7.  The  consonants  b,  d,f,  h,  k,  I,  m,  n,  p,  t,  v,  z  are  like 
the  English. 


t  The  peculiarity  of  these  sounds  cannot  be  Indicated  by  English 
letters ;  in  giving  the  pronunciation  of  Hungarian  names,  we  have 
merely  distinguished  them  as  being  long. 

17 


INTRODUCTION  TO  THE  FIRST  EDITION. 


8.  C  U  not  BMd  withoat  beiof  joinsd  with  some  other 
Msaonant ;  e«  U  sounded  like  ci  in  English ;  ca  like  («. 

9.  O,  axoept  when  followed  by  j  or  y,  is  always  hard,  as 
In  the  English  word  gtt.     Oh  sounds  like  a  simple  g. 

10.  J  \t  usually  like  «  in  English;  «/  is  pronounced  oo-e. 
Lj  and  gj  are  equivalent  to  dy  and  gy,  and  (;'  to  ty.  (See 
\t,  17,  and  20  of  this  Section.) 

11.  Hit  like  the  German ;  in  other  words,  it  is  to  be  trilled 
more  strongly  than  the  English. 

13.  S  U  like  the  English  «*. 

13.  iSi  is  like  •  sharp,  or  m. 

14.  T»  is  equivalent  to  et,  or  ch  in  English. 

15.  Tu  is  like  cm,  or  U  in  English. 

10.  Y,  in  Hungarian,  is  nearly  always  a  consonant. 
When  it  follows  d,  g,  I,  n,  and  (,  it  seems  to  be  blended 
with  these  letters,  so  as  to  form  but  one  consonant  sound. 

17.  2>y  and  </y  are  alike,  ifayyar  is  pronounced  m<3d-ydR. 

18.  Ly  is  like  I  in  Spanish,  or  Hi  in  the  English  word 
million,  V^s&rhely  b  pronounced  in  three  syllables — 
T|-sh|R-h«I. 

10.  Ny  is  like  the  Spanish  K,  or  ni  in  minion.  M&rtony 
is  pronounced  in  two  syllables — mln-toB. 

20.  Ty  approximates  the  sound  of  our  ch,  bearing  the 
same  relation  to  ( that  dy  does  to  d. 

21.  Z$  sounds  like  the  French  j,  or  »h  in  English. 

Obs.  The  Hungarian  language  cannot  be  said  to  have 
any  accent,  in  the  sense  in  which  we  employ  this  term  :  the 
syllables  of  words,  however,  are  distinguished  from  each 
other  by  quantity.  As  quantity  in  Latin  and  Greek  is  con- 
Terted  into  accent  by  the  usage  of  English  pronunciation, 
so,  in  giving  Hungarian  names,  we  have  aimed  to  place, 
as  far  as  practicable,  the  accent  according  to  the  quantity,^ 
cor.,  Csongrfid,  cbon^gr&d' ;  or  else  according  to  the  mode 
adopted  with  regard  to  French  names, — that  of  placing  the 
aooent  (with  few  exceptions)  on  every  syllable.  This  plan, 
though  perhaps  open  to  some  objections,  has  appeared  to 
be,  on  the  whole,  the  best  that  can  be  adopted. 

ITALIAN. 

XX. 

1.  A,  in  Italian,  is  like  the  English  a  in  far,  though 
its  sound  varies  somewhat  in  different  situations.* 

2.  £  has  two  sounds:  (1)  cloie,  as  a  in  fate  ;  (2)  open, 
like  e  in  met. 

3.  /  is  like  e  in  me,  or  t  in  fig. 

A.  0  has  two  sounds:  (1)  close,  as  in  note;  (2)  open, 
similar  to  o  in  not,  but  rather  broader. 
6.  V  is  like  oo  in  English. 

6.  Ai  and  au,  in  Italian,  are  proper  diphthongs.  (See 
XVII.  13,  Obs.)  Accordingly,  Cairo  is  to  be  pronounced 
ki'-ro,  and  Ausa,  5w'-8&,  ka, 

7.  The  consonants  h,  d,  f,  I,  m,  n,  p,  q,  s,  I,  and  v  are 
similar  to  the  English. 

Obs.  K,  le,  x,  and  y  are  not  used  by  the  Italians,  except 
in  spelling  foreign  names. 

8.  C  and  cc,  before  a,  o,  u,  are  sounded  like  k ;  before 
«,  t,  and  y,  like  eh  or  tth. 

Obs.  Ce  should  be  pronounced  more  strongly  than  a  single 
e.  This  remark  will  apply  to  all  double  letters  in  Italian, 
■a  well  as  in  most  other  languages. 

9.  As  c,  when  immediately  before  a,  o,  or  u,  is  never 
pronounced  like  ch,  in  order  to  express  this  sound  in  such 


•  There  are  a  number  of  niceties  in  Italian  pronunciation,  which, 
however  interesting  to  a  thorough  linguist,  cannot  properly  be 
noticed  In  a  worlc  like  the  present.  The  difficulty  of  giving  a  brief, 
and,  at  the  same  time,  a  satisfactory  exposition  of  the  principles 
of  this  language  ii  increased  by  the  existence  of  different  dialects 
in  different  parti  of  Italy.  It  has  been  deemed  sufficient,  in  this 
synopsis,  merely  to  explain  those  principles  of  pronunciation  which 
appear  to  be  recognized  by  the  Italians  generally. 
18 


cases  the  vowel  i  is  inserted ;  thus,  eta,  oto,  eiu  are  pro- 
nounced chl,  cho,  ehoo.  (See  table  at  the  end  of  this 
Section.) 

10.  Ch  is  employed  to  express  the  sound  of  k  before  « 
and  t. 

11.  0,  before  a,  o,  and  ii,  is  hard,  as  in  the  English  word 
get;  before  e,  i,  and  y  it  sounds  like  the  English  j;  gia, 
gio,  giu  are  pronounced  j&,  jo,  joo.  (See  table  at  the  end 
of  this  Section.) 

12.  Oh  is  used  to  express  the  sound  of  bard  g,  before  • 
and  t. 

13.  Oli  has  the  sound  of  the  liquid  I  (I),  or  of  lli  in 
million  ;  thus  BoOLio  is  pronounced  bole'-yo,  or  b6l'-yo. 

14.  On  has  the  same  sound  as  in  French ;  or,  in  other 
words,  is  like  the  Spanish  It, — e.g.,  Boloqna  is  pronounced 
bo-ldn'-yi  (bo-lone'-yi). 

15.  H  is  never  sounded  in  Italian. 

16.  J,  at  the  beginning  of  a  syllable,  is  like  the  English 
y  (consonant) ;  at  the  end  of  a  word  it  is  equivalent  to  ii 
(Italian). 

17.  It  resembles  the  French,  but  is  trilled  somewhat 
more  strongly.     (See  XVI.  24.) 

18.  Sc,  before  e  and  t,  is  like  the  English  sh, — e.g.,  Scio 
is  pronounced  Shee'-o. 

19.  Z  commonly  has  the  sound  of  dz  in  English ;  zx  is 
pronounced  like  t». 

The  following  table  will  perhaps  enable  the  reader  more 
readily  to  understand  the  mode  in  which  c  and  ch,  g  and 
gh  are  employed  by  the  Italians : 


ca 

is  pronounced 

ki. 

ga 

is  pronounced 

Ki. 

che 

(1 

« 

U. 

ghe 

Ki. 

chi 

« 

(( 

ke. 

ghi 

ghe 

CO 

« 

« 

ko. 

KO 

KO- 

cu 

« 

(( 

koo. 

gu 

goo. 

cia 

« 

« 

ch& 

gia 

ja. 

ce 

« 

It 

cU. 

K* 

.Ii. 

ci 

« 

ti 

che. 

K> 

1e. 

cio 

« 

« 

cho. 

gio 

10. 

OIU 

« 

It 

choo. 

giu 

JOO. 

Obs.  1.  In  Italian,  the  accent  of  words  ending  in  a  vowel 
is  usually  uu  the  penultima;  but  to  this  general  rule  there 
are  many  exceptions. 

Obs.  2.  It  may  be  observed  that,  in  consequence  of  the 
position  of  Italy,  and  its  former  extensive  and  intimate 
commercial  relations  with  the  Levant,  a  great  number  of 
the  geographical  names  of  Greece,  Syria,  and  Egypt,  as 
well  as  many  of  those  along  the  southern  shore  of  the  Medi- 
terranean, are  written  in  the  Italian  mode,  and  should  be 
pronounced  according  to  the  principles  of  this  language, — 
e.g.,  Corfu,  Trifolizza,  Scio,  Jaffa,  Cairo,  &c. 


NORWEGIAN. 

XXI. 

As  a  written  language,  the  Norwegian  may  be  said  to  be 
identical  with  the  Danish,  since  not  only  the  grammar,  but, 
with  very  few  exceptions,  the  words  of  both  are  precisely 
the  same.  In  pronunciation,  however,  the  Norwegians 
differ  widely  from  the  Danes,  while  these,  again,  differ  con- 
siderably among  themselves.  Under  Section  XIV.  we  have 
given  the  elements  of  Danish  pronunciation,  as  the  lan- 
guage is  spoken  by  the  educated  classes  in  Copenhagen. 
The  principal  points  of  difference  between  this  and  the 
Norwegian  appear  to  be  the  following:  (1)  d,  in  the  latter 
tongue,  always  has  its  proper  sound,  while  in  the  Danish 
it  is  often  pronounced  like  the  English  th  ;  (2)  g,  at  the 
end  of  a  word,  in  Norwegian,  is  to  be  sounded  distinctly 
as  g  hard  in  English ;  (3)  e,  at  the  end  of  a  word,  always 
retains  its  distinct  sound;  ou  is  like  the  Dutch  and  English 
ou,  or  like  dw. 


INTRODUCTION  TO  THE  FIRST  EDITION. 


POLISH. 

XXII. 

1.  A  sounds  as  a  in  the  English  word /ar. 

2.  E,  without  an  accent,  like  e  in  met;  with  an  accent 
(t),  like  a  in  fate, 

3.  /as  in  marine. 

4.  0,  unaccented,  as  in  note ;  with  an  accent,  like  oo  in 
yoorf,  or  dd, 

5.  U  is  like  oo  in  moon. 

6.  Y  resembles  e  in  me,  but  is  more  guttural,  being 
similar  to  i  in  pin, 

7.  The  consonants  b,  d,f,  g  (always  hard),  h,  k,  I,  m,  n, 
p,  »  (always  sharp),  t,  and  z  are  essentially  the  same  as  in 
English. 

8.  G  in  all  cases,  even  before  a  or  o,  sounds  like  ts  in 
English;  c«  is  equivalent  to  our  ch;  ch  is  like  the  Ger- 
man ch. 

9.  J  is  like  the  German,  being  equivalent  to  y  (conso- 
aant). 

10.  E  is  like  the  German. 

11.  W  is  similar  to  the  German,  resembling  our  v. 

12.  N,  with  an  accent  over  it  (»i'),  sounds  like  the  Span- 
ish ft. 

13.  S,  marked  in  a  similar  manner  (»'),  has  a  sound 
blending  that  of  «  and  y  (consonant).  ,S"c'  has  a  sound 
which  cannot  be  given  in  English :  its  nearest  approxima- 
tion in  our  language  is  «<«. 

14.  Sz  is  equivalent  to  eh  in  English. 

15.  Z,  with  a  point  over  it,  is  like  the  French  j,  or  zh  in 
English. 

16.  Z,  with  an  accent  (a'),  is  somewhat  similar  to  the 
above,  but  has  no  equivalent  in  our  language. 

Obs.  1.  The  accent  in  Polish  words  or  names  of  more  than 
one  syllable  is  always  on  the  penultima.  In  Russian,  how- 
ever, it  is  almost  always  on  the  last  syllable. 

Obs.  2.  The  sounds  of  the  letters  in  Slavonian,  Bohemian, 
and  Illyrian  correspond,  with  very  slight  exceptions,  to 
those  of  the  Polish  language. 

PORTUGUESE. 

XXIII. 

1.  The  vowels  a,  e,  i,  o,  u,  and  y,  and  the  diphthongs  ar, 
ay,  au,*  are  essentially  the  same  as  in  Spanish. 

2.  Ao  is  pronounced  almost  dwng, 

3.  The  consonants  b,  d,  f,  I,  m,  n,  p,  ,,  t,  v,  and  z  are 
Bimilar  to  the  English. 

4.  C  is  the  same  as  in  French,  differing  from  the  Eng- 
lish only  by  sometimes  having  the  cedilla. 

5.  Ch  is  the  same  as  in  French ;  or,  in  other  words,  is 
like  our  »h. 

I  6.  0  and  j  are  the  same  as  in  French.  (See  XVI.  15 
and  17.) 

1^  7.  H,  in  Portuguese,  is  always  silent.  When,  however, 
it  follows  I  or  n,  it  renders  these  letters  liquid;  thus,  filho 
(son)  is  pronounced  feel'-yo;  tenhora  (lady),  sane-yo'-r4,  <tc. 
i  8.  M,  frequently,  and  w,  sometimes,  has  a  nasal  sound, 
Sam,  like  SAO,  is  pronounced  almost  touiig  ;  alem  or  alen 
sounds  like  i-leng'. 

9.  Qu  is  pronounced  as  in  French,  the  u  in  this  case  not 
being  sounded. 

10.  Ji  is  like  the  French.     (See  XVI.  24.) 

11.  X  is  sounded  like  ch  in  Portuguese,  or  sh  in  English. 
Obs.  In  Portuguese  the  general  rules  of  accentuation  are 

Ob^  l\  *°  *°  *^®  Spanish  language.     (See  XXIV. 


*  Ei  and  ey  are  almost  the  same  as  In  Spanish,  but  have  a  sound 
iometunes  approaching  to  the  English  long ». 


RUSSIAN. 
As  the  Eussians  neither  employ  Roman  characters,  nor 
those  which  can  be  readily  converted  into  corresponding 
Roman  letters,  we  have,  in  writing  the  geographical  names 
of  Russia,  followed  the  mode  adopted  with  respect  to  Ori- 
ental names.    (See  XI.  and  XII. ;  also,  XXII.  Obs.  1.) 

SPANISH. 

XXIT. 

1.  The  Spanish  a  sounds  as  in  the  English  word  far/ 
e  like  a  in  ale /  i  like  e  in  mete ;  o  as  in  English;  u  like 
00  ;  and  y  like  Spanish  i. 

2.  Ai  and  ay  are  like  long  i  in  English.  Au  sounds 
like  ou  in  our.  (See  XVII.  13,  Obs.)  Ei  and  ey  are  pro- 
nounced i'-e. 

3.  The  consonants  /,  I  (single),  m,  n,  p,  $,  t,  and  v  are 
pronounced  nearly  as  in  English. 

4.  B,  at  the  beginning  of  a  word,  sounds  as  in  English; 
but  when  between  two  vowels,  its  sound  somewhat  resem- 
bles that  of  V,  but  with  this  difference, — v  is  pronounced 
with  the  upper  teeth  placed  against  the  under  lip,  while 
the  sound  of  the  Spanish  b  is  formed  by  bringing  the  lips 
loosely  or  feebly  into  contact.  This  sound  seems  to  be 
between  that  of  b  and  the  English  w.  It  is  represented 
by  B  or  V. 

6.  C,  before  a,  o,  and  u,  is  pronounced  as  in  English ; 
before  e  and  i,  it  has  the  sound  of  th  in  the  word  thin.  In 
the  Catalan  dialect  it  is  the  same  as  in  English. 

6.  Ch  has  the  same  sound  as  in  English,  except  in  the 
dialect  of  Catalonia,  where  it  is  pronounced  like  k. 

7.  JD,  at  the  beginning  of  a  word,  is  sounded  nearly  as 
in  English,  but  is  pronounced  with  the  tip  of  the  tongue 
against  the  upper  teeth,  while  in  pronouncing  the  English 
d,  the  tongue  is  made  to  touch  the  roof  of  the  mouth.  At 
the  end  of  a  syllable,  or  between  two  vowels,  d,  in  Spanish, 
sounds  like  the  English  th  in  this,  but  is  somewhat  softer. 
This  sound  is  usually  represented,  in  the  present  work,  by 
a  small  capital  n. 

8.  G,  before  a,  o,  and  u,  is  hard,  as  in  English. 

9.  G,  before  e  and  t,  and  _;  before  every  vowel,  are  pro- 
nounced like  a  strong  guttural  h,  similar  to  the  German  ch 
in  ach.  This  sound  is  indicated  by  h,  distinguished  as  a 
small  capital. 

10.  Gua  and  guo  sound  somewhat  like  gwi,  gico,  but  the 
g  is  so  soft  that  it  is  scarcely  perceived ;  so  that  in  these 
cases  the  sound  of  gu  seems  to  approximate  very  nearly  to 
that  of  the  English  lo.  Gu,  before  e  and  i,  is  usually 
sounded  like  g  hard ;  thus,  Guiana  is  pronounced  ghe-&'-n&. 
When,  however,  the  u  is  marked  with  a  diaeresis,  thus,  giii, 
these  two  letters  have  the  same  sound  as  when  before  a  or 
o,  and  consequently  giii  is  pronounced  gwe  or  we,  (Sea 
table  at  the  end  of  this  Section.) 

11.  H,  in  Spanish,  is  never  pronounced,  except  in  words 
beginning  with  hue,  and  then  very  slightly. 

12.  J:  for  this  letter,  see  9  and  18  of  this  Section. 

13.  LI  (now  sometimes  written  I)  has  a  sound  which 
combines  that  of  I  and  y  (consonant),  and  is  similar  to  the 
liquid  I  in  French, — e.g.,  villa  or  vxLa  is  pronounced  veel'-y4 ; 
Llerena,  lyi-r4'-ni. 

14.  ^,  in  similar  manner,  unites  the  sounds  of  n  and  y, 
and  is  like gn  in  French ;. thus,  pefla  is  pronouncedr^u'-y&, 
or  pine'-y4. 

15.  Q,  in  Spanish,  is  always  followed  by  «.  Qu,  before 
a  and  o,  is  sounded  as  in  English,  or,  in  other  words,  is 
equivalent  to  kw ;  before  c  and  i,  it  is  pronounced  like  k 
unless  the  h  be  marked  with  a  dissresis,  in  which  case  it  is 
like  kw,    (See  table  at  the  end  of  this  Section.) 

19 


INTRODUCTION  TO  THE  FIRST  EDITION. 


16.  R  it  Blmilar  to  tbe  Frenoh,  bat  la  trilled  more 
■tronglj.    (See  XVI.  34.) 

17.  Til  to  be  pronoanoed  by  patting  the  tip  of  tke  tongue 
•gftlaet  the  apper  teeth. 

U.  X  is  wiuUl/  sounded  like  the  Spanish y,  wbioh  letter, 
ftooording  to  the  present  mode  of  spelling,  has  been  gener- 
ally subetitated  for  it;  thus,  instead  of  the  old  spelling, 
XiMBiiia,  XuCAB,  Ac.,  we  now  see  Jimenei,  Juear,  Ac.  X, 
befor*  a  consonant,  or  before  a  Towel  marlced  with  this 
sign  A,  ii  sounded  as  in  Knglish:  Example — Exterior, 
Ejtdminar. 

19.  Z'lBto  be  pronoanoed  like  tk  in  thin. 

The  following  table  may  serve  to  show  more  clearly  the 
manner  in  which  e,  g,  J,  q,  x,  and  s  are  used  in  Spanish. 

oa      is  pronounced     k&. 
que       "  "         ki. 

qui       "  "         ke. 


ea 


ko. 
koo. 


«» 

gue 

gui 

go 

g« 

Ja  or  za 

je,xe,orge 

ji,  xi,  or  gi 

jo  or  xo 

in  or  zu 


is  pronounced     g&. 


gAe. 
go. 
"  goo. 

is  pron'oed  h&. 
"  Hi. 
"    He. 

"      HO. 
"      HOO. 


cua  or  qua  is  pron'oed  qui. 
cue  or  qiie  "  "  qui. 
ouiorqili  "  "  que. 
COO  or  quo     "        "    quo. 


gua  is  pron'oed  gw&  or  wi. 
gUe  "  "  gy/i,  or  wi. 
gui  "  "  gwe  or  we. 
guo     "        "    gwo  or  wo. 

■a  is  pronounced  tbi. 
Eeoroe     "  "      thi. 

zi  or  ci      "  "      the. 

zo  "  "     the. 

su  "  "     thoo. 


Obs.  1.  Spanish  words  or  names  ending  in  a  consonant 
hare  the  accent  almost  always  on  the  lost  syllable :  those 
ending  in  a  vowel  are  generally  accentuated  on  the  penul- 
tima.  If  a  word  or  name  be  an  exception  to  either  of  these 
rules,  in  correctly  printed  Spanish  works  the  accent  is 
usually  marked;  as  C6rdova,  Alcala,  Jucar,  Caceres. 
It  should  be  observed  that  the  •  in  the  plural  does  not 
change  the  accent ;  hence,  ca«a0,  "  houses,"  though  ending 
in  a  consonant,  has  the  penultimate  accent  as  well  as  caia, 
"a  house." 

Obs.  2.  The  Spanish  language,  as  spoken  in  Mexico  and 
South  America,  differs  in  some  points  materially  from  the 
true  Spanish.  Thus,  g  (and  c,  before  «  and  t),  instead  of 
having  the  sound  of  th,  are  generally  pronounced  like  «. 
Among  the  uneducated  classes,  II  is  universally  sounded 
like  y  /  thns,  gallo  is  pronounced  almost  gi'-yo. 

SWEDISH. 

XXV. 

1.  The  vowels  a,  e,  t,  a,  and  o  are  similar  te  the  Qerman. 

2.  A  sounds  like  the  English  o.  Lulei  is  pronounced 
loo'-li-S ;  Tornei,  tor'-ni-5,  Ac. 

3.  0,  at  the  end  of  a  syllable,  is  like  our  oo ;  in  other 
cases,  like  o  in  not. 

4.  IJ  appears  to  blend  the  sounds  of  short  e  and  of  oo, 
being  somewhat  similar  to  fi'-oo.  It  has  been  represented, 
in  the  present  work,  by  oo,  this  sound  being  the  nearest  to 
it  of  any  in  our  language. 


6.  Y  is  the  same  as  ia  Danish ;  or,  in  other  words,  is 
similar  to  the  French  u. 

0.  The  Swedish  consonants  are,  for  the  most  part,  pro- 
nounced  like  the  English,  with  the  exception  of  _;',  and  g 
(before  e,  t,  S,  '6,  and  ti),  which  are  equivalent  to  y  conso- 
nant, and  of  s,  which  sounds  like  («. 

7.  AT;' sounds  like  the  English  cA  in  child ;  thus,  Kjoping 
(written  also  simply  K'dping)  is  pronounced  chbp'-ing. 

"WELSH. 
XXVI. 

1.  A  is  pronounced  as  in  the  English  word  far,  anit 
sometimes  as  in  fat.  When  circumflexed,  it  has  the  same 
sound  as  in /ate. 

2.  E  sounds  as  in  met ;  whrai  eiroumflexed,  as  in  htoTf 
fete. 

3.  /  sounds  as  \nfig,  or  marine. 

4.  0,  with  an  acute  accent,  as  o  in  gone;  when  circum- 
flexed, OS  in  note. 

5.  U  has  the  soand  of  »  m  pin  /  eireumflexed,  as  ee  in 
««en. 

6.  IT  sounds  like  the  English  oo. 

7.  Y,  in  the  penultima,  or  antepenultima,  has  the  sound 
of  u  in  fur  or  tub  ;  in  the  final  syllable,  or  in  a  monosyl- 
lable,  it  sounds  as  in^tny  when  circum-flexed,  it  is  like  ee. 
The  English  word  tundry  will  serve  to  exemplify  its  sound, 
both  in  the  penultima  and  ultima. 

8.  The  Welsh  diphthongs  may  all  be  said  to  be  proper. 
Ai  sounds  like  long  f  in  English;  aw,  like  ow,  as  in  now/ 
uui,  like  e-oo,  or  «,  Ac. 

9.  The  consonants  h,  d,  h,  k,  I,  m,  n,  p,  r,  e,  t,  are  the 
same  as  in  English. 

10.  C  is  always  hard,  like  Je. 

11.  F  (single)  is  like  our  v. 

12.  O  is  always  hard,  as  in  get. 

13.  Ch  is  similar  to  the  German  ch,  or  to  the  Greek  x. 

14.  Dd  has  the  sound  of  th  in  thit. 
16,  Ffia  like  the  English/. 

16.  LI  is  I  aspirated,  and  has  no  equivalent  in  English. 
It  bears  a  resemblance  (though  somewhat  remote)  to  the 
sound  of  thl.  "  It  is  pronounced  by  fixing  the  tip  of  the 
tongue  to  the  roof  of  tbe  mouth  and  breathing  forcibly 
through  the  jaw-teeth  on  both  sides,  but  more  on  the  right, 
as  if  written  in  English  llh."  This  sound  (except  at  the 
beginning  of  names)  is  usually  anglicized  by  tkl, — e.g., 
Llanelly,  lan-eth'-lee,  Llangollen,  lan-goth'-len,  Ac 

17.  Ph  is  the  same  as  in  English,  or  like/. 

18.  Th,  in  Welsh,  is  the  same  as  in  the  English  words 
thin,  mouth,  Ac. 

Ods.  The  accent,  in  all  Welsh  words,  is  either  on  the 
penultima  or  on  the  last  syllable — never  on  the  antepenul- 
tima. 


TABLES  OF  POPULATION 

COMPILED  AND  AKBANGED  FOR 

LIPPINCOTT'S  GAZETTEER  OF  THE  WORLD. 


POPULATION  OP  THE  NATURAL  AND  POLITICAL  DIVISIONS 

OF  THE  WORLD. 

AREA  AND  AGGREGATE  POPULATION,  AND  POPULATION  PER  SQUARE  MILE,  OF  THE  PRINCIPAL 

NATURAL  AND  POLITICAL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  WORLD,  ACCORDING  TO  THE  LATEST 

CENSUS  RETURNS,  OR  AS  ESTIMATED  BY  THE  BEST  AUTHORITIES. 

On  the  basis  of  Dr.  Petermann's  "  Bevolkerung  der  Erde"  ["  Population  of  the  Earth"]  of  1891,  with  revisions,  and  additions 

from  official  and  unofficial  sources. 

CONTINENTS. 


Names  of  contineats. 


America,  North    .  .  . 
America,  South  .... 

Europe 

Asia 

Africa 

Australia 

Oceania  . 

PoiiAB  Regions   .... 

Total  of  the  world 


Date  of 
estimate. 


1891 
1891 
1891 
1891 
1891 
1891 
1891 
1891 


Area  in 
square  miles. 


8,892,000 

6,800,000 

3,756,703 

17,034,972 

11,276,873 

2,971,323 

733,089 

1,730,741 


53,195,701 


Population. 


88,370,200 

33,342,700 

357,390,000 

825,954,000 

163,953,000 

3,230,000 

7,420,000 

80,400 


1,479,740,300 


Pop.  per 
square  mile. 


9.93 

4.9 
95.6 
48.4 
14.5 

1.1 
10.1 

0.04 


27.81 


MINOR  NATURAL  AND  POLITICAL  DIVISIONS. 

Abbreviations.— ^/r.,  Africa;  ^ra6.,  Arabia ;  yl«.  Ocn.,  Atlantic  Ocean ;  Aust.,  AxisMa.;  ^M«<.-fluw£f.,  Austria-Hungary ; 
Austria.,  Australia;  Brit.  Am.,  British  America;  Brit.  hid..  British  India;  Oen.,  Central;  Cen.  Afr.,  Central  Africa;  Cen.  Asia, 
Central  Asia;  Dom.  Can..  Dominion  of  Canada;  jB.  Afr.,  East  Africa;  E.  Ind.,  East  Indies;  Eur.,  Europe;  Ger.,  Germany; 
Ot.  Brit.,  Great  Britain  ;  Hung.,  Hungary ;  Ind..  India;  Ind.  Ocn.,  Indian  Ocean ;  Med.  Sea.  Mediterranean  Sea:  N.  Am.,  North 
America;  Pac.  Ocn.,  Pacific  Ocean;  Pruss.,  Prussia;  Kuss.,  Russia;  S.  Afr.,  South  Africa;  S.Am.,  South  America;  Scot., 
Scotland;  1/.S..4.,  United  States  of  America ;  H^.  .d/c,  West  Africa;  IF. /iid.,  West  Indies. 


Names  of  minor  divisions 
of  tlie  world. 


Abyssinia,  Afr 

Aden  &  Penm,  Arab 

Afghanistan,  Asia 

Africa,  German  East 

Africa, German  Southwest 

Africa,  German  West 

Apra,  Brit.  Ind 

Aimeer,  Brit.  Ind 

Alabama,  V.S.A 

Alaska,  V.S.A 

Allahabad,  Brit.  Ind 

Alberta,  Dnm.  Can 

Algeria,  Afr 

Alsace-Lorraine,  Oer 

Andaman    Islands,    Ind. 

Ocn 

Andorra,  Eur 

Angola,  W.  Afr 

Anhalt,  Oer 

Annam,  Ada 

Arabia,  vista 

Arctic  America,  N.  Am 

Argentine  Republic,  S.Am 

Arizona,  V.S.A 

Arkansas,  IJ.S.A 


1889 
1891 
1885 
1890 
1890 
1890 
1891 
1891 
1890 
1890 
1891 
1891 
1891 
1890 

1890 
1890 
1886 
1890 
1890 
1890 
1890 
1887 
1890 
1890 


Area  in 
sq.  miles. 


196,000 

75 

212,355 

315,000 

342,000 

146,000 

9,020 

2,661 

52,250 

570.000 

13,746 

106,100 

184,520 

5,603 

1,760 

150 

600,000 

906 

27,020 

1,230,000 

50,610 

1,125,000 

113,020 

53,850 


Population. 


4,500,000 

41,910 

4,000,000 

1,760,000 

2.50,000 

3,100,000 

4,767,720 

.541,890 

1,513,017 

31,795 

5,942,900 

26,128 

4,124,732 

1,603,987 

20,000 

12,000 

11,060,000 

271,759 

5,000,000 

5,000,000 

1,000 

4,046,654 

59,620 

1,128,179 


Pop.  per 
sq.  mile. 


23. 

599. 

19. 

5. 

0.70 
21.2 

528.5 

200. 

29. 

0.06 

432.3 

0.24 

22.35 

286.27 

11.37 

80. 

18. 
245. 
185. 
4.1 
0.02 
3.6 
0.52 

20.95 


Names  of  minor  divisioBS 
of  the  world. 


Assam,  BrU.  Ind 

Assiniboia,  Dom.  Oan.. 

Australia 

Austria.  Aust.-Hung 

Austria-Hungary,  Eur 

Azores  islands,  Eur 

Baden,  Oer 

Baghirmi,  Cen.  Afr 

Bahama  Islands,  N.Am... 

Bah ar,  .Bni.  Ind 

Barbadoes  Island,  W.  Ind. 

Basutoland,  /S.  Afr 

Bavaria,  Oer 

Bechuanaland.  S.  Afr 

Bechuanaland,  British,  S. 

Afr 

Belgium.  Evr 

Beloochistan,  Asia..., 

Benares,  Brit.  Ind 

Bengal,  Ind 

Bengal,  Brit.  Ind 

Berar,  Brit.  Ind 

Bermuda  Islands,  N.  Am.. 

Bohemia,  Anst 

Bokhara,  Asia ».... 


1891 
1891 
1891 
1890 
1890 
1881 
1890 
1890 
1881 
1891 
1891 
1891 
1890 
1891 

1891 
1891 
1891 
1891 
1891 
1891 
1891 
1891 
1890 
1891 


Area  in 
sq.  miles. 


46,341 

89,535 

;,984,827 

115,823 

240,942 

922 

5,820 

20,000 

5,390 

42,417 

166 

9,720 

29,292 

170,000 

51,000 
11,373 

121,600 
18,314 

194,417 
84,198 
17,500 
20 
20,060 

100,000 


Population. 


5,424,190 

30,285 

3,033,166 

23,835,261 

41,345,118 

269,400 

1,656,817 

70,000 

43,521 

24,284,370 

182,822 

218,902 

5,589,382 

180,000 

62,726 

6,147,041 

450,000 

10,632,190 

70,909,260 

38,114,280 

2,896,670 

15,884 

5,843,094 

1,250,000 

21 


Pop.  per 
sq.mile. 


117. 
0.84 
1.85 

205.79 

171. 

287. 

284.68 
3.5 
8.07 

672.5 
1158.56 
22.62 

190.82 
1. 

1.23 

540.5 
3.7 
580. 
869.87 
452.67 
164. 
794.2 
291.28 
12.5 


AREA  AND  POPULATION  OF  THE  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  WORLD. 


MINOR  NATURAL  AND  POLITICAL  DIVISIONS. 


M  of  minor  dlrtoloM 
of  tUe  world. 


Bollrla.  &  Am. 


Itth.XK^a 

Jfch.  Aria. „. 

BonMO  IiUnd.  ^«fa..~ 

Bonioo,  Oen.  Aft 

Bosnia  and  Herzegovina, 

But 

Brahmapootra,  BriX.  ItuL. 

Braxtl,  :j.  Am- 

Bremen,  0<r. - 

British  Burraah,  Ind » 

British    Columbia,  Dom. 

Qm.^ ~.... 

British  Empire 

British  Uiilana,  S.  Am 

BrunswiclE,  Oer 

Bukowinii,  AiuL 

HulKaria,  ICur 

Hulti,  Ana 

Biirmah.  Atia .... 

California,  U.S.A 

Cambodia,  Atia. 

(^meroons,  W.  Afr 

Canada,  Dominion  of,  iV. 

Am 


Ciuiary  Islands,  Afr 

Cupe  Colony.  S.  Afr. 

("Hpe  Verd  Islands,  A/r 

Cariiithia,  Autl 

Carniola,  Atitl 

Cashmere.  Asia. 

Celebes  Islands,  Atia. 

Ceylon,  Atia.- 

Chill.  S.  Am 

China,  Asia » 

Chinese  Empire,  ^sio. 

Chiwa.  Cen.Asia , 

Cliuta-NaKpoor,  Bril.  Ind, 

Colombia,  S.  Am 

Colorado,  U.S.A 

Comoro  Isles,  Fr.  S.  Afr.... 

Congo,  French,  W.  Afr 

Congo  Free  State,  Ajr , 

Connaught,  Ireland , 

Coimectiout,  U.S.A. — 

Coorg,  Brit.  Jnd. 

Corea,  Asia. 

Corsica,  Eur 

Costa  Rica,  N.  Am 

(^ete,  Med.  Sea „ 

Croatia  and  Slavonla, i4usf 

Cuba,  W.  Ind 

Cyclades  Islands,  Greece. ■■ 

Cyprus,  Eur 

Dahomey,  Afr 

Dalmatia,  Aust 

Delaware,  U.S.A 

]>enmark,  Eur. 

Dist.  of  Columbia.  U.S.A... 

Dominica,  W.  Ind 

Dutch  East  Indies,  Atia... 

Dutch  Guiana.  S.  Am 

Eastern  Roumelia,  Eur„... 
East  Griqnaland,  Brit.  S. 

^Af, 

Ecuador,  S.  Am 

Egypt,  ^r 

England,  Eur 

Fafzabad,  BriL  Ind, 

Falkland    Islands,   South 

AU.  Ocn™ 

Faroe  Islands,  yorth  AU. 

Ocn 

Fiji  Islands,  Australasia... 

Finland,  Rust. 

Florida,  U.S.A 

Formosa,  Asia 

France,  Eur 

French     Cochin  -  China, 

Asia 

French  Congo,  Afr 

French  Guiana.  .S.  Am 

French  Guinea,  W.  Afr 

French  India,  Aria. 

French  Indo-China,  Asia.. 
French  Oceania,  S.  Pac. 

Ocn 

French  Soadan,  Afr. 

Galicla,  AwL 

Galicia,  Spain 

Gambia  (Proper),  Afr 

Gambia  Colony,  Afr 

Georgia,  U.S.A 

Geoi^a,  Asia. 

German  Colonies,  E.  Afr... 
22 


^•4.'s;^ '•«'''"••"-•  .q-r 


Area  in 


784,554 
125,!»4 
16,00U 
81,106 
203,714 
285,000 
60,000 

24,000 

20,941 

3,209,878 

97 

156,142 

883,300 

9,013,225 

86,422 

1,425 

4,035 

87,SC0 

12,000 

190,521 

158,360 

32,250 

130,000 

3,456,383 

2,980 

221,311 

1,680 

4,0OJ 

3,856 

77,900 

71,791 

24,700 

293,970 

l,54fi,.^83 

4,291,766 

23,100 

26,966 

53:^,238 

103,925 

800 

250,000 

1,056,200 

6,8()7 

4,990 

2,000 

91,423 

8,377 

21,495 

2,919 

16,773 

43,319 

923 

3,584 

4,000 

4,940 

2,050 

14,553 

70 

291 

719,674 

49,846 

12,934 

7,594 
118,630 
361,120 
50,823 

7,671 

7,500 

614 

7,740 

144,222 

58,680 

14,982 

207,107 

23,082 
2.50,000 

27,560 

550,000 

203 

123,400 

9,165 

284,000 

80,307 

10,876 

70 

2,700 

59,475 

28,800 

345,000 


2,338,850 
18,826,820 
32,000 
175,000 
1,164,<KI0 
1,740,000 
6,000,000 

1,148,517 
2,441,110 
14,002,335 
180,143 
7,554,410 

92,767 

330,574,300 

284,887 

403,788 

&16,.'>'J1 

3,154,375 

75,000 

4.000,000 

1,208,  l!50 

1,020,000 

2,600,000 

4,829,411 
304,326 

1,.">27,224 
110,926 
361,008 
498,958 

2,516,740 
849,197 

3,008,239 

2,766,747 

350,000,000 

361,000,000 

500,000 

4,645,.'>90 

3,878,600 
412,198 
47,000 

6,900,000 

35,000,000 

723,,')73 

746,258 

172,630 

8,595,750 
288,596 
238,782 
294,192 

2,184,414 

1,500,000 
132,020 
209,291 
250,000 
527,426 
168,493 

2,lSJ,l.=i9 

230,392 

29,000 

29,765,031 

66,037 

960,941 

1.52,618 
1,004,651 
6,818,000 
27,482,104 
3,682,960 

1,789 

12,954 

121,180 

2,3.38,404 

391,422 

3,000,000 

38,343,192 

1,991,.'J00 

6,900,000 

25,796 

467,  .549 

280,303 

16,250,000 

92,995 
2,860,000 
6,607,816 
1,888,962 
14,266 
50,00(J 
1,837,353 
1,100,000 
1,760,000 


2.96 
150. 

2. 

5.68 

5.71 

6. 
100. 

47. 
116.6 
4.36 
1840. 
47.4 

0.22 
36.55 

3.2 

2.81 
160. 
84.5 

6.25 
21.9 

7.5 
81.7 
20. 

1.1 

102.12 

6.7 

66. 

91. 
129. 

32.4 

11.82 

121.8 

9.41 

226.3 

81.1 

22. 
170.2 
7  2 
3!% 

58.75 
272. 

33.1 
105.3 
149.5 

86.32 

94. 

8.1.4 

11.1 

99.7 
130. 

34.8 
142. 

58.3 

62.5 
106.7 

82. 
143.3 
3291. 

96.18 

41.34 
1..S3 

74.3 

20, 
8.46 

18.8 
539.1 
480. 

0.2 

25.2 
15.66 
16.1 
6.68 

200. 

184.15 

86.2 
27.6 
0.90 
0.83 
1381. 
131.7 

10.14 

10. 
218. 
173.4 
203. 

18.5 

31. 

38.2 
6.1 


Names  of  minor  divisions 
of  the  world. 


German  Colonies.S.lT.  Afr. 

Germany,  Eur 

Gold  Coast,  Brd.  W.  Afr.... 
Great  Briuin  &  Ireland, 

E«.r 

Greece,  Eur 

Greenland,  iV.  Am 

Guadeloupe,  W.  Ind 

Guatemala,  N.  Am 

Hamburg,  Ger 

Hanover,  Pruss 

Hawaiian      Archipelago, 

Pac.  Ocn 

Hawaii  Island,  Pac.  Oai... 

Hayti,  If'.  Ind 

Hetljaz,  Arab 

Hesse.  Ger 

Hondo  Island,  Japan 

Hoiuluras,  JV.  Am 

Honduras,  British,  N.  Am. 

Hong  Kong,  Asia 

Hungary,  Atist.-Hung 

Icelaiid.  Etir 

Idaho,  U.SA 

India,  British,  Asia 

India,  Feudatory,  .4«to 

Illinois,  U.S.A 

Indiana,  U.S.A 

Indian  Territory,  U.S.A.... 

Iowa,  U.S.A 

Ireland,  Eur 

Isle  of  Man,  Gl.  Bril 

Italy,  Eur 

Jamaica,  W.  Ind 

Japan,  Asia 

Java,  Asia 

Jhansee,  Bril.  Ind 

Kansas,  U.S.A 

Kentucky,  U.S.A 

Kioo.sioo  Island,  Japan 

Khiva,  Asia 

Kumaon,  Brit.  Ind 

Labrador,  Bril.  Am 

Laccadi  ve  Isles,  Bril.  Ind. 
Leeward  Islands,  W.  Ind.. 

Leinster,  Ireland 

Liberia,  W.  Afr 

Liechtenstein,  Ger 

Lippe.  Ger «..„... 

Louisiana,  U.S.A 

Lubeck,  Ger 

Lucknow,  Bril.  Ind 

Luxemburg',  Ger .:.... 

Madagascar,  Ind.  Ocn 

Madeira,  Afr 

Madras,  Bril.  Ind 

Maine,  U.S.A 

Majorca  Island,  Med.  Sea.. 

Malta  Island,  Med.  Sea 

Manchooria,  Asia 

Manitoba,  Dom.  Can 

Martinique.  W.  Ind 

Maryland,  U.S.A 

Massachusetts,  U.S.A 

Matabel eland,  Bril.  S.  Afr. 

Maui  Island,  Hawaii 

Mauritius,  Ind.  Ocn 

Mecklenburg  -  Schwerin, 

Ger 

Mecklenburg-Strelitz,(?cr. 

Meerut,  Bril.  Ind 

Melanesia  Islands,  Asia... 

Mexico,  N.  Am 

Michigan,  U.S.A 

Micronesia,  Pac.  Ocn 

Minnesota,  U.S.A 

Minorca  Island,  Med.  Sea.. 

Mississippi,  U.S.A 

Missouri.  U.S.A 

Moldavia,  Eur 

Molucca  Islands,  Dutch  E. 

Ind 

Monaco,  Eur 

Mongolia,  Asia 

Montana.  U.S.A 

Montenegro,  Ear 

Moravia,  Aust „ 

Morocco,  Afr 

Mozambique,  Afr 

M  unster,  ire^anci 

Mysore,  Bril.  Ind 

Natal,  Afr 

Nebraska.  U.S.A 

Nepaul,  Asia 

Netherlands,  Eur 

Nevada,  U.S.A.: ;.... 

New  Brunswick,  Dom.Can 


1890 
1890 
1890 

1891 

1889 
1888 
1889 
1889 
1890 
1890 

1890 
1890 
1890 
1890 
1890 
1890 
1889 
1891 
1891 
1890 
1888 
1890 
1891 
1891 
1890 
1890 
1890 
1890 
1891 
1891 
1890 
1891 
1890 
1889 
1891 
1890 
1890 
lJ-90 
1890 
1891 
1884 
1891 
1891 
1891 
1891 
1890 
1890 
1890 
1890 
1891 
1890 
1891 
1881 
1891 
1890 
1887 
1889 
1890 
1891 
1888 
1890 
1890 
1891 
1890 
1889 

1890 
1890 
1891 
1890 
1890 
1890 
1890 
1890 
1890 
1890 
1890 
1890 

1890 
1890 
1890 
1890 
1890 
1890 
1890 
1690 
1891 
1891 
1891 
1890 
1891 
1890 
1890 
1891 


Area  in 
«].  mile«. 


842,000 
208,431 
46,600 

121,481 
A  111 
837,700 
722 
46,800 
157 
14,856 

7,629 
4,210 
9,-.:82 

96,  .500 

2,iK)4 

87,485 

47,090 

7,660 

80 

108,258 

39,543 

84,800 

944,108 

642,996 

66,6.50 

86,350 

31,400 

56,025 

32,583 

220 

114,296 

4,250 

155,520 

49,730 

6,134 

82,080 

40,400 

16,840 

22,  .320 

11,500 

450,100 

744 

701 

7,622 

14,360 

68 

438 

48,720 

109 

4,441 

1,000 

240,000 

505 

140,762 

83,040 

1,420 

98 

360,000 

73,956 

380 

12,210 

8,315 

100,000 

760 

739 

5,137 

1,131 

11,131 

56,330 

741,313 

58,915 

1,307 

83,365 

335 

46,810 

69,415 

18,000 

42,420 

6 

1,400,000 

146,080 

3,738 

8,  .583 

313,6.30 

80,000 

9,481 

27,406 

20,460 

77,510 

54,000 

12,680 

110,700 

28,200 


Population. 


250,000 

49,421,803 

1,905,000 

3^,888,1.53 

2,219,389 

10,221 

165,899 

1,460,017 

622,530 

2,278,361 

89,990 

26,753 

572,000 

2,500,000 

993,659 

30,771,933 

431,917 

31,471 

221,441 

15,122,514 

69,224 

84,385 

220,529,100 

66,167,860 

3,82t;,351 

2,192,404 

186,490 

1,911,896 

4,706,102 

55,598 

30,158,408 

639,491 

40,072,020 

23,000,000 

1,080,510 

1.427,096 

1,858,635 

6,166,482 

700,000 

1,184,310 

4,211 

14,410 

129,700 

1,19.5,718 

1, 06^,000 

9,393 

128,414 

1,118,587 

76,485 

2,851,600 

211,088 

8,520,000 

132,223 

36,,591,440 

661,086 

230,396 

165,662 

7,000,000 

154,442 

175,863 

1,042,390 

2,238,943 

200,000 

17,3.57 

872,664 

578,  .565 

97,978 

5,324,910 

642,300 

11,395,712 

2,093,889 

94,100 

1,301,826 

40,000 

1,289,600 

2,679,184 

1,500,000 

321,168 

13,304 

2,000,000 

132,159 

236,000 
2,276,870 
8,000,000 

600,000 
1,168,944 
4,914,110 

543,913 

1,058,910 

3,000,000 

4,568,095 

45,761 

821,294 


Pop.  per 
sq.  mile. 


0.70 
237.1 

40.87 

312. 

88.4 

0.01 

229.7 

81.5 

3965. 

153.3 

11.79 
6.31 
.  61.9 
36. 
335.2 
361.7 
9.17 
4.16 
7381. 
139. 
1.74 
0.9 
2.34. 
111. 
67.6 
60.3 
5.94 
34.1 
144.4 

252.7  - 
263.9 
150. 
257. 
464.2 
169.8 

17.1 

46. 
366.18 

31.4 
103. 
0.01 

19.39 
18.5. 
1.56.8 

74.5 
138. 
293.2 

23. 
701.8 
642.1 
211. 

14.8 

261.8  ■ 
252.8 

20. 

162.2 

1690.4 

19. 

2.1 

462.7 

85. 

269.2 

2. 

22.8 

504. 

112.6 
86.6 

478.3 
11.4 
15.3 
35.6 
69. 
15.6 

119. 
27.54 
38.7 
83.3 

7.57 
2217.3 
1.43 
0.9 
63.1 
264. 
2.5.5 
7.5 
123.3 
199. 
26.5 
13.66 
55.5 
359.5 
0.4 
12. 


AREA  AND  POPULATION   OF  THE  DIVISIONS   OP  THE  WORLD. 


MINOR  NATURAL  AND   POLITICAL  DIVISIONS. 


Names  of  minor  diTisiuus 
of  the  world. 


New  Caledonia,  Oceania... 
Newfoundland,  Brit.  Am.. 

New  Guinea.  Pac.  Ocn 

New  Hampshire,  U.S.A 

New  Hebrides,  Pac.  Ocn... 

New  Jersey,  U.S.A 

New  Mexico,  U.S.A 

New  South  Wales,  Austria. 

New  York,  U.S.A 

New  Zealand,  Pac.  Ocn 

Nicaragua,  N.Am 

Nicobar  Islands,  Ind.  Ocn 

Niger  Territories.  Afr 

North  Carolina.  U.H.A 

North  Dakota,  U.S.A 

North-West      Territories, 

Dom.  Can 

Norway,  Eur 

Nossi  lie  Island,  Ind.  Ocn. 

Nova  Scotia,  Dom.  Can 

Oahu  Island,  Hawaii 

Oboek.  E.  Afr 

Ohio.  U.S.A 

Oklahoma,  U.S.A 

Oldenburg,  Qer 

Oman,  Arabia 

Ontario,  Dom.  Can 

Orange   Free   State,  S.E. 

Afr 

Oregon,  U.S.A 

Orissa,  Brit.  Ind ».... 

Orkney  Islands,  Scot 

Oude,  Brit.  Ind.. 

Pameer,  Asia 

Paraguay,  S.  Am 

Pennsylvania,  U.S.A... 

Persia,  Asia 

Peru,  S.  Am 

Philippine   Islands,  Ind. 

Ocn 

Piedmont.  Italy 

Pitcairn   Island,   S.   Pac. 

Oai 

Polynesia    Islands,    Pac. 

Ocn 

Porto  Rico,  W.  Ind 

Portugal,  Eur 

Prince    Edward    Island, 

Dom.  Can 

Prussia,  Ger 

Puniab,  Brit.  Ind 

Quebec,  Dom.  Can 

Queensland,  Austria 

Kajpootana,  Brit.  Ind 

Reunion,  Ind.  Ocn 

Reuss-Greitz,  Ger 

Reuss-Schleitz,  Ger 

Rhode  Island,  U.S.A 

Rohilcund,  Brit.  Ind 

Roumania,  Eur 

Roy  Bareilly,  Brit.  Ind 

Russia,  Eur 

Russia,  Asia 

Sahara,  Afr 

Saint    Helena  Island,  S. 

Ail.  Ocn 

Saint  Lucia,  W.  Ind 

Saint  Vincent.  W.  Ind 

Salvador,  N.Am 

Salzburg,  Au^ 

Samoa,  6'.  Pac.  Ocn 

Saraos  Island.  Med.  Sea.... 

San  Marino,  Eur 

Santo  Domingo,  W.  Ind... 

Sardinia,  Med.  ,Sea 

Saskatchewan,  Dom.  Can. 

Saxe-Altenburg,  Ger 

Saxe-Coburg-Gotha,  Ger... 


1884 
1888 
1890 
1887 
1890 
1890 
1891 
1890 
1891 
1890 
1888 
1890 
1890 
1890 

1891 
1891 
1889 
1891 
1890 
1890 
1890 
1890 
1890 
1891 
1891 

1890 
1890 
1891 
1891 
1891 
1888 
1890 
1890 
1890 
1890 


1890 


1889 
1881 

1891 
1890 
1891 
1891 
1891 
1891 
1889 
1890 
1890 
1890 
1891 
1890 
1891 
1888 
1888 
1888 

1891 
1891 
1891 
1888 
1890 
1890 
1890 
1880 
1888 
1890 
1891 
18iK3 
1890 


Area  In 
gq.  miles. 


6,000 

42,200 

211,952 

9,305 

5,110 

7,815 

122,580 

310,700 

49,170 

104,060 

49,000 

634 

500,000 

52,250 

70,795 

,314,808 

124,495 

113 

20,600 

600 

3,860 

41,060 

89,030 

2,470 

82,000 

222,000 

50,463 
96,030 
8,172 
2,448 
24,246 
2"),  444 
98,000 
45,215 
635,1 3  ■> 
463,747 

114,360 
11,200 


6,732 
3,531 
34,470 

2,000 

134,292 

111,016 

228,900 

668,497 

129,750 

970 

122 

220 

1,250 

11,805 

50,500 

4,881 

,060,940 

,-200,000 

,386,000 

47 

24« 

132 

7,2.)5 

2,767 

1,700 

213 

22 

20,595 

9,399 

107,092 

510 

760 


Population. 


62,752 

193,121 

837,000 

376,530 

70,000 

1,444,933 

153,593 

1,134,207 

5,997,853 

62n,830 

282,845 

6,915 

30,000,000 

1,617,947 

182,719 

99,722 

1,988,997 

7,803 

450,523 

31,194 

22,370 

3,672,316 

61,834 

354,968 

1,500,000 

2,114,475 

207,503 

313,767 

3,865,020 

30,438 

12,652,730 

30,000 

370,753 

5,258,014 

7,500,000 

2,621,844 

7,000,000 
3,297,157 

120 

11.5,600 

806,708 

4,306,554 

109,088 

29,959,388 

20,807,020 

1,488,586 

393,718 

12,300,150 

165,915 

62,754 

119,811 

34.=>,d06 

5,345,740 

5,000,000 

2,756,864 

96,000,000 

17,000,000 

2,000,000 

4,116 

41,713 

41,054 

664,513 

173,510 

36,000 

44,661 

7,920 

610,000 

726,522 

11,146 

170,864 

206,513 


Pop.  per 
sq.  mile. 


10.46 

4.5 

4. 

40.3 
13.68 
184.8 

1.24 

3.65 
122. 

6. 

5.7 
10.96 
60. 
30.9 

2.6 

0.04 
16. 
69. 
21.8 
51.8 

6.78 
89.7 

1.58 
143.7 
18. 

9.49 

4. 

3.27 
472.9 
12.4 
522. 

1.2 

3.78 
117.4 
12. 

5.65 

61.2 
295. 

40. 

17. 
229. 
125. 

54. 
223. 
187.9 

o!58 
94.8 
171. 
514. 
544.6 
276.4 
452.9 
99. 
562.7 
46.6 
2.7 
1.1 

87.6 
168.2 
311.1 

91.5 

62. 

21.2 
209.6 
360. 

29.6 

78. 
0.1 
334.1 
271.5 


Names  of  minor  divisious 
of  the  world. 


Saxe  -  Meiningen  -  Hild- 

burghausen,  Ger. 1890 

Saxe-Weimar,  Ger 1890 

Saxony,  Ger 1890 

Schaumburg-Lippe,  Ger...  1890 
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, 

Ger 1890 

Schvvarzburg   -   Sonders- 

hausen,  Ger 1890 

Scotland,  Gt.  Brit 1891 

Senegal,  Afr 1891 

Servia,  Eur 1891 

Shikoku  Island,  Japan 1890 

Siam,  Asia 1891 

Siberia,  Asia 1890 

Sicily,  Eur 1889 

Sierra-Leone  (Proper),  4/''-  1891 
Sierra-Leone  Colony,  Afr.   1891 

Silesia,  Aust 1890 

Sinde,  Brit.  Ind 1891 

Singapore,  Bri<.  Ind 1891 

Sitapur,  Brit.  Ind 1891 

Sleswick-Holstein,  Pruss..  1890 

Sokoto  &  Gando,  y)/r 1890 

Somauli,  Brit.  E.  Afr 1889 

Soodan,  Afr 1891 

South  Africa,  British 1891 

South  African  Republic...  1890 
South  Australia,  Austria...  1891 

South  Carolina.  U.S.A 1890 

South  Dakota,  U.S.A 1890 

Spain,  Eur. 1887 

Straits  Settlements,  Brit. 

Ind 1891 

Styria,  Aust 1890 

Sumatra  Island,  Asia 1889 

Sweden,  Eur I  1890 

Sweden  &  Norway,  Ew...\  1890 

Switzerland,  Eur i  1888 

1890 
1890 
1891 
1890 
1890 
1890 
1890 
1890 
1888 
1890 
1890 
1891 
1890 
1890 
1891 
1890 
1890 
1888 
1891 
1890 
1891 
1890 
1890 
1890 
1891 
1890 
1891 
1890 
1888 


Date. 


Syria,  Turkey  in  Asia. 

Tahiti  Island,  Oceania 

Tasmania,  S.  Pac.  Ocn 

Tennessee,  U.S.A 

Texas,  US. A 

Thibet,  Asia 

Togoland,  Ger.  W.  Afr 

Tongaland,  BrU.  S.  Afr 

Tonqnin,  Fr.  Indo-Cnina.. 

Trinidad,  W.  Ind 

Tripoli,  Afr 

-      ■      1/-.. 


Tunis,  yl. 

Turkey,  Eur.  &  Asia 

Tyrol  &  Vorarlberg,  Aust. 

L'lster,  Ireland 

United  States,*  N.  Am 

Utah,  U.S.A 

Uruguay,  S.  Am 

Venezuela,  S.  Am..>. 

Vermont,  U.S.A 

Victoria,  Austria 

Virginia,  U.S.A 

Waday,  Cen.  Afr 

Waldeck,  Ger 

Wales,  Great  Britain 

Washington,  U.S.A 

Western  Australia,  Austria 

West  Virginia,  U.S.A 

West  Indies.  N.  Am 

Windward  Islands,  Brit. 

W.  Ind 

Wisconsin,  U.S.A 

Wurtemberg,  Ger 

Wyoming,  U.S.A 

Yemen,  Arab 

Yesso  Island,  Japan 

Zambezia,  S.Afr 

Zanzibar.  S.Afr 

Zululand,  S.  Afr..... 


1891 
1890 
1890 
1890 
1890 
1890 
1887 
1888 
1891 


Area  in 
sq.  miles. 


1,404 

5,787 

171 

364 

333 

30,463 

54,000 

18,787 

7,031 

300,000 

4,826,287 

9,938 

400 

15,000 

1,987 

48,326 

224 

7,588 

7,275 

220,000 

30,000 

1,273,000 

231,311 

113,642 

914,730 

80,570 

77,650 

197,670 

84,700 

8,670 

171,132 

170,979 

295,474 

15,792 

115,144 

412 

26,215 

42,050 

205,780 

651,500 

16,000 

5,320 

34,740 

1,754 

400,000 

44,900 

1,660,700 

11,324 

8,613 

3,595,600 

84,970 

72,110 

697,960 

9,565 

88,198 

42,450 

172,000 

439 

7,363 

69,180 

1,060,000 

24,780 

94,393 

497 

56,040 

7,530 

97,890 

77,200 

36,299 

619,490 

625 

8,900 


Population. 


223,832 

326,091 

3,500,513 

39,163 

85,863 

75,510 

4.033,103 

1,100,000 

2,157,477 

2,863,342 

9,000,000 

4,314,400 

3,265,688 

75,000 

180,000 

605,649 

2,868,870 

139,0(X) 

3,090,750 

1,210,523 

15,000,000 

240,000 

18,100,000 

1,527,224 

679,192 

315,048 

1,151,149 

328,808 

17,550,246 

1,158,020 
1,282,708 
3,572,000 
4,784,675 
6,783,851 
2,917,754 
2,676,943 
11,200 

146,667 
1,767,518 
2,235,523 
6,000,000 

500,000 

37,314 

9,000,000 

208,030 

1,000,000 

1,500,000 

33,110,000 

928,769 
1,617,877 
62,971,081 

207,905 

648,299 
2,285,054 

332,422 
1,140,411 
1,655,980 
2,600,000 
57,283 
1,518,914 

319,.390 
49,782 

762,794 
5,842,800 

134,194 

1,686,880 

2,035,443 

60,705 

2,500,000 

270,263 
1,350,000 

125,000 

142,700 


*  The  statistics  for  the  United  States  include  the  land  area  of  the  United  States  proper  (2,970,000  square  miles),  the  enclosed  water 
(54,880  square  miles),  water  not  enclosed  (Delaware,  Raritan,  and  New  Tork  Bays,  720  square  miles),  and  Alaska  (570,000  sqnare  miles). 
The  population  (62,971,081)  embraces  all  the  states  and  territories;  and  the  population  per  square  mile  (20.81)  includes  all  the  states 
and  territories  except  Alaska. 


23 


IL 


POPULATION  OF  THE  PRINCIPAL  CITIES 


THE  WORLD. 


CITIES  WITH  ONE  MILLION  OR  MORE  INHABITANTS. 


Umdw.  Bnglmd  am) 4,211.066 

FaBM.  1*W»«(1»1) 2.447.957 

OAHTOif.  OWm  (Brtimattd) 1.600,000 

BsaUM,  eermimyCMO) 1.679,344 


New  York,  U.S.A.  (1890) 1,516,301 

ToKlO,  Japan  (1890)„ ~ „.1,889,684 

Vienna,  Austria  (1890) ....1,864.546 

ChicaOO.  KS.il.  (1890)„ 1,099,850 


PH1LADKI.PHU,  U.S.A.  (1890) 1,046,964 

St.  PETEE8BUR0,  Russia  (1889).....1,003.315 
Peking,  China  (Estimated) 1,000,000 


A  COMPARATIVE  TABLE  OF  THE  PRINCIPAL  CITIES  OF  THE  WORLD,  SHOWING  THEIR  POPULA- 
TION AT  DIFFERENT  DATES,  ACCORDING  TO  OFFICIAL  ENUMERATION  OR  AS 
ESTIMATED  BY  THE  BEST  AUTHORITIES,  AND  ILLUSTRATING 
THEIR  GROWTH  OR  DECLINE  DURING  THE 
INTERVENING  PERIOD. 


aty. 


Aftlbors........^.. 

Asrhnni .„ 

Aber<l*on —..... 

Abo. — 

▲d  BatJe 

AdeUlde... 

AfT... 

Agnini 

Alnlrie 

Alx  ._ 

AIx-la-<aiap«ll« 

AUt* 

Akron.  >.. , 

At«tt ,.,.., 

AlbMiy — ....... 

Al0MII0_ .......... 

Alooy_ 

AlcMandrla.^.... 
Alexandria...... 

Alexandria- 

Algten ..M-.. 

Alicante 

Allgbnr  (Oo«l)., 

AUahabad 

AUechany 

Alton  towm....... 

Alawl* .......... 

Atort.. 

AM*nbais-..~.> 
Altana_...«_M.. 
Altoona...._M. 
Aoiiena....-.^. 
Aowterdanu.... 
Aneon*.......... 

Aagan......^... 

lBBniiU»>    ,.. 

Alien 

A»taqn«a»».~.. 
Aatwen....^...^ 
A~<       ,.  „ 
Arbroath.-..^.. 
Areqnl|»_..^. 

Anno  ...., 

ArtM-.... 

AraMgli.......M. 

Armentiirea.... 

Ambem. ..>...«. 
Arn«taat...>_. 
Arraa...^....^... 

kmxM. 


Bute. 


Population. 


Donmark  .. 
Denmark  ., 
Scotland.... 
Bnnia.......... 

Sicily- 

8.  Anatralia... 

India . 

Austria 

Scotland _ 

France 

Pmaaia 

Japan.- 

Ohio 

France.  ....... 

New  York — 

Bieily 

Spain 

Italy 

Egypt- ~.. 

Virginia 

Algeria 

Spain 

IndU 

India 

PennsyWania. 
PennsyWania. 

Spain 

Bislginm  - 

Qennany 

Pmaaia 

Pennsylrania. 

France 

Netherlands... 

Italy 

Italy 

France >.. 

France 

Portngal..... 

Spain 

Belginm ... 

Hungary..... 
Scotland...... 

Pem.. 

Italy „.. 

France......... 

Ireland 

France 

Netberlaada.. 
Oermauy...... 

rr^nrm  .   ,, 

Italy 

Italy 

Kanaaa......... 

Oreece. 

Georgia  ....... 

New  Tork„... 
New  Zealand. 
Dararia-.. 

Georgia 

Italy 

Italy...... 


1870. 
1870.. 
1871.. 
1870.. 
1871., 
1871- 
1872.. 
1870.. 
1871., 
1872.. 
1875.. 


.  11,721 

,  15,026 

.  88,108 

,  22,118 

,  36.787 

.  27,208 
.  149,008 

.  19,857 

.  13,448 

.  24,892 

.  79,606 


1870., 
1872., 
1870., 
1871., 
1870., 
1871., 
1872., 
1870. 
1866., 
1870., 
1872., 
1872., 
1870.. 
1870„ 
1870.. 
1870. 
1871.. 
1871.. 
1870.. 
1871.. 
18C9. 
1871.. 
1871.. 
1871.. 
1871.. 
1868., 
1870., 
1870.. 
1870. 
1871. 
1876. 
1871. 
1872. 
1871. 
1872. 
1869 
1870., 
1872. 
1871. 
1871. 
1870. 
1870. 
1870. 
1870. 
1874. 
1870. 
1870. 
1871. 
1871. 


.  10,006 

.  19,230 

.  69,422 

.  20,886 

.  2.5,196 

.  67,079 
,.  212,034 

.  1.3,570 

.  69,145 

..  31,260 

.  68,539 
,.  143,693 

..  63,180 

,.  13,884 

..  29,426 

..  18,978 

,.  19,966 

..  74,102 

..  10,610 

.  61,063 
.  274,031 

.  45,741 

..  34,063 

..  68,464 

..  26,116 

..  11,281 

..  27,201 
.126,663 

..  32,726 

-  20,170 
..  2«,2;i7 
..  38,907 

-  24,625 
.  8,946 

-  15.579 
..  32.332 
.  9,243 
.  25,749 
..  17,344 
..  31,033 
.,  7,054 
..  48,107 

-  21,789 
,.  17,226 
..  12,776 
..  61,220 
.  16,389 
..  19,761 
.  19,784 


1890. 
1890. 
1891. 
1885. 
1881. 
1891. 
1891. 
1890. 
1891. 
1881. 
1890. 
1877. 
1890. 
1881. 
1890. 
1881. 
1878. 
1879. 
1882. 
18W). 
1886. 
1887. 
1891. 
1891. 
1890. 
1890. 
1887. 
1891. 
1890. 
1890. 
1890. 
1886. 
1890. 
1879. 
1879. 
1886. 
1886. 
1878. 
1885. 
1890. 
1890. 
1891. 
1890. 
1870. 
1876. 
1891. 
1876. 
1890. 
1885. 
1881. 
1879. 
1879. 
1890. 
1889. 
1890. 
1890. 
1891. 
1890. 
1890. 
1879. 
18T9. 


.  19.503 
.  33.108 
.121,905 
.  26,181 
.  22,431 
.  i:b,220 
.  168,710 
.  37,369 
.  15,13.} 
.  2;(,887 
.  103,491 
.  36,054 
.  27,601 
.  17,598 
.  94,923 
.  37.697 
.  32,497 
.  59,867 
.  208,755 
.  14,339 
.  74,792 
.  39,638 
.  60,600 
.  176,870 
.  105,-,i87 
.  25,228 
.  37,211 
.  24,479 
.  31,439 
.  143,249 
.  30,337 
.  80,'.i88 
.417,639 
.  4fi,865 
.  38,418 
.  73,644 
.  :i4,C47 
.  11,203 
.  25,122 
.  227,225 
.  41,945 
.  22,960 
.  35,000 
.  39,463 
.  25.095 
.  8,303 
.  21,746 
.  60,194 
.  U,.'>37 
.  27.041 
.  22,937 
.  33,983 
.  13,963 
.  107,261 
.  65,533 
.  25,868 
.  28,773 
.  75,523 
.  33,300 
.  21,702 
.    20,863 


aty. 


Arlgnun. 

Ayr 

Bwi^Joa 

ItiUiia 

Baireuth 

Baltimore.. 

Bamberg 

Uungor 

Barcelluua.. 

Barcelona 

Barellly.......... 

Bari 

Barletta ...- 

Barmen 

Barrow-iu-Furnesa 

Basel ......... 

Buth 

Bay  City - 

Bayouue. 

Belfast....... 

Belgrade 

Belleville 

Benares 

Benevento 

Bergamo - 

Bergen 

Berlin..... 

BexanQon 

Beutheu 

B6zlers - 

Bielefeld - 

Biciiue - 

Bilbao 

Binghamton— 

Birkenbead 

BimiiDgham 

Bisccglia 

Bitonto 

Blackburn. 

Blols -.... 

Bloomlngton.. 

Bochum 

Bois-lo-Duc- 

Bulogua 

Bolton - 

Bombay 

Bonn 

Bordeaux 

Borgeriiout- 

Bo8tuu - 

Boulogne  (In  Seine) 
Boulogne.sur-Mer. 

Bourgi^ 

Bradiord - 

Braga 

Brandenburg- 

Brantford 

Bremen 

Brescia- 

Brealan 

Breet- 


Franco..,.,,.. 

Sootbind- 

Spain 

Brazil 

Bavaria 

Maryland 

Bavaria 

Maine- 

Sicily 

Spain 

India 

Italy 

Italy 

Prussia 

England 

Switzerland... 

England 

Michigan 

France 

Ireland 

Servla. 

Ontario 

India 

Itoly 

Italy 

Norway 

Prussia 

France 

Prussia 

France 

Prussia 

Switzcrlaud... 

Spain 

New  York-... 

England- 

England- 

Italy 

Italy 

England- 

France 

Illinois 

Prussia 

Netherlands ... 

Italy _ 

England— 

India 

Pnissia 

France 

Belgium-. 

Mnssacluisotta, 

Franco 

France- 

France 

England.- 

Portugal.- 

Prussia- 

Ontario 

Germany. 

Italy 

Pnimla 

France 


Fopnlation. 


1872.. 
1871. 
1870.. 

1«72.. 
1870., 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1871., 
1877.. 
1872. 
1871., 
1871. 
1871. 
1871. 
1870. 
1871. 
1870. 
1872. 
1871. 
1874., 
1871. 
1872., 
1871. 
1871. 
1865. 
1871. 
1866. 
1870. 
1870. 
1870. 
1870. 
1870. 
1870. 
1871. 
1871. 
1871. 
1871. 
1871. 
1872. 
1870. 
1870. 
1869. 
1871. 
1871. 
1872. 
1870. 
1870. 
1870. 
1870. 
1872. 
1870. 
1872. 
1871. 
1808. 
1870. 
1871. 
1870. 
1871. 
1870. 
1870. 


.  30.427 
.  18,673 
.  22,895 
.  128,000 
.  17,841 
.  207,:154 
.  2.^,738 
.  18.2S9 
.  20,404 
.  249,106 
.  102,982 
.  49,421 
.  27,444 
.  74,449 
.  18,584 
.  44,8:!4 
.  62,557 
.  7,064 
.  27,175 
.  174,412 
.  27,605 
.  7,305 
.  175,188 
.  20,13.3 
.  37,363 
.  27,703 
.  826,341 
.  49,400 
.  1.5,711 
.  27,722 
.  21.834 
.  8,113 
.  26,:»7 
.  12,092 
.  45417 
.  343,787 
.  19,007 
.  22,993 
.  70,339 
.  19,860 
.  14,590 
.  28,368 
.  24,455 
.  89,104 
.  82,853 
.  644,4*5 
.  20,ft3(J 
.  194,241 
.  10.787 
.  250,526 
.  18,«i87 
.  40,251 
.  30,119 
.  145,830 
.  18,467 
.  25,822 
.  8,107 
.  82,969 
.  38,906 
.  207,997 
.  79,847 


1891. 

1891., 

1877. 

1890., 

1890. 

1890 

IHOO 

1890. 

1879. 

1887. 

1891. 

1881. 

1881. 

1890. 

1891. 

1888 

1891 

1890. 

1876. 

1891. 

1891. 

1891. 

1891. 

1879. 

1879. 

1891. 

1890.. 

1891 

1890. 

1891. 

1890. 

1888. 

1887. 

1890. 

1891. 

1891. 

1881. 

1881, 

1891 

1876 

1890, 

1890 

1890, 

1890 

1891 

1891 

1890 

1891 

1890 

1890 

1891 

1891 

1891 

1891 

1878 

1890 

1891 

1890 

1881 

1890 

1891 


.  43,453 

.  2;J,835 
.  22.905 
.  150,000 
.  24,361 
..  434,439 
..  35,J48 
19,103 
21,890 
..  272.4»1 
..  121,870 
58,266 
31,994 
110,248 
..  51,512 
..  09,809 
51,843 
27.839 
27,416 
..  255.896 
4,458 
9,914 
..  22-',6>0 
..  21,338 
..  .35,286 
..  53,086 
1,579,244 
..  60,055 
..  30,S23 
..  45,475 
..  39,942 
..  15.289 
..  5  ,772 
..  35,0tl5 
..  99,784 
..  429,171 
..  21,703 
..  2^726 
..  120,1104 
..  20,515 
..  20,484 
..  47,018 
..  27,302 
..  143,0(17 
..115,002 
..  804,470 
..  39,801 
..  252,415 
..  29,818 
..  448,477 
..  32,509 
..  45.205 
..  45,342 
..210,301 
..  20,258 
..  37,823 
..  12,753 
..  125.684 
..  43,354 
..  335,174 
..  75  854 


POPULATION  OF  THE   PRINCIPAL  CITIES  OF  THE  WORLD. 


COMPARATIVE  POPULATION  AT  DIFFERENT  DATES. 


City. 


Bridgeport 

Brighton  > 

Brisbane 

Bristol 

BrucliviUe 

Bromberg 

BromwicJi,  West... 

Brooklyn 

Bruges  „ 

BrUnn 

Brunswick.. 

Bru^<sela 

Biicliarost 

Buila-rcstli 

Buenos  Ayres 

Buffalo 

Burgos 

Burlington 

Burlington 

Burnley 

Bury 

Bury  St.  £dmuuds. 

Cadiz 

Caen 

Cagliari 

Cairo 

Calcutta 

CallHo 

Culuiar 

Cultagirone 

Caltanisetta 

Cambrai 

Cambridge 

Cumden 

Cauicatti _ 

Cannstadt. 

Carcassonne 

Cardiff 

Carlscrona 

Carlsruhe 

Carrara 

Carrickfergus 

Cartagena 

Ciisalo 

Coserta 

Ciissel 

Castel-a-Mare 

Castellou     do    la 

Plana 

Ciistelvetrano 

Castres 

<^tania 

Catunzaro 

Cava 

Cawupoor 

Cento 

Cerignola 

Ceseua 

Cette 

Cli&lons-sur-Marne 
Cbalons-sur-Sodue. 

Charleston 

Charlotteuburg 

Chartrea 

Chatham 

Chattanooga 

Chaux-de-Fouds.... 

Chelsea 

Cneltcnham 

Chemnitz 

Cherbourg 

Chester 

Chicago. 

Chiclayo 

Chietl 

Chilian 

Chioggia..... 

Clioslii 

Christchurcb.. 

Christiania 

Clnistiansand 

Cincinnati 

CI «  rmo  u  t-  Ferrand . 

Cleveland 

Clonuiel 

Coblontz 

Coburg 

Coinibra 

Colniar 

Cologne 

Columbia 

Columbus 

Cunio 

Concepcioa  _ 

Concord 

Conl „.. 


State. 


Connecticut... 

England 

Queensland ... 

Kngland 

Outario 

Prussia 

England 

New  York 

Belgium 

Austria 

Germany 

Belgium.. 

Iloumania 

Hunpiry. 

A  rg.  Republic 
New  York. 

Spain 

Iowa 

Vermont.... 
England..., 
England.... 
England.... 

Spain 

France 

Italy 

Egypt." 

India 

Peru 

Sweden 

Italy 

Italy......... 

Franco 

Massachusetts 
Now  Jersey. 

Sicily 

Gorniany..., 

France 

Wales 

Sweden 

Germany..., 

Italy 

Ireland 

Spain 

Itiily 

Italy 

Prussia 

Italy 


Spain 

Sicily 

Fmnce 

Sicily 

Italy 

Italy 

India 

Italy 

Italy 

Italy 

France 

France 

France 

S.  Carolina 

Prussia 

France 

England 

Tennessee  .„... 
Switzerland... 
Slassachusctts 

England 

Saxony 

Franco. 

Pennsylvania. 

Illinois. 

Peru. 

Italy 

Chili 

Italy 

Japan 

New  Zealand. 

Norway.- 

Norway 

Ohio 

France 

Ohio 

Ireland 

Prussia 

Germany 

Portugal 

Germany 

Prussia 

S.  Carolina 

Ohio 

Italy 

Chili 

N.  Hampshire, 
Italy 


Population. 


1870.. 
1871.. 
1871.. 
1871.. 
1871.. 
1870.. 
1871.. 
1870., 
1879.. 
1870.. 
1875., 
1876., 
1872.. 
1870., 
18G9.. 
1870.. 
1807.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1871.. 
1871.. 
1871., 
18G7.. 
1806.. 
1871.. 
1872.. 
1872.. 


18,969 

90,011 

19,413 

132,657 

5,102 

31,308 

47,918 

390,099 

44,833 

73,771 

65,938 

183,080 

221,805 

309,708 

177,787 

117,714 

24,246 

14,930 

14,387 

40,487 

38,596 

14,928 

67,020 

41,504 

29,905 

349,833 

447,601 


1866.. 
1871.. 
1871.. 
1872.. 
1870.. 
1870... 
1871... 
1870.. 
1872... 
1871... 
1866... 
1875... 
1871... 
1871.. 
1807.. 
1871.. 
1871... 
1870... 
1871... 

1867... 
1871... 
1872... 
1871... 
1871... 
1871... 
1872... 
1871... 
1871... 
1871.., 
1872... 
1872... 
1872... 
1870... 
1870.., 
1872.., 
1871... 
1870... 
1870... 
1870... 
1871... 
1871... 
1872... 
1870... 
1870.. 

iimZ 

1875... 
1871... 
1877... 
1874... 
1805.., 
1865.., 
1870.., 
1806.., 
1870... 
1871... 
1870.., 
1870... 
1808.. 
1870... 
1870... 
1870... 
1870.. 
1871.. 
1869.. 
1870.. 
1871.. 


.  9,200 

,  22,039 

,  21,464 

,  22,897 

,  39,034 

,  20,045 

,  20,908 

,  11,084 

,  22,173 

,  60,911 

,  16,653 

,  42,895 

,  23,827 

.  9,397 

.  54,318 

,  27,614 

,  29,451 

,  46,378 

,  18,305 

,  21,929 

,  19,499 

,  21,357 

,  83,496 

,  24,901 
20,012 
122,770 

,  19,180 

,  21,739 

,  35,870 

,  24,177 

.  17,092 

,  19,982 

,  48,950 

,  25,847 

,  19,442 

,  45,792 

,  6,093 

,  19,930 

,  18,547 

,  41,923 

,  68,229 

,  37,215 
9,485 
.  298,977 

'.  iaVeoiJ 

.  19,044 

,  19,827 

,  2.5,137 

,  10,294 

.  57,381 

,  10,859 
216,239 

,  37,690 
92,829 

,  10,112 

,  28,748 

.  13,439 

.  18,147 

,  23,045 
,  129,233 

,  9,298 

.  31,274 

.  24,350 

.  13,958 

.  12,241 

.  22,882 


890...  48,806 
891...  115,402 
891...  48,738 
891...  220,605 
891...  8,793 
890...  41,451 
891...  69,489 
890...  806,343 
890...  47,:i31 
890...  9,5,342 
890...  101,047 
890...  182,305 
878...  177,646 
890...  506,384 
891...  561,100 
890...  255,664 
887...  31,301 


890... 
890... 
891... 
891... 
891... 
887... 
891... 


22.505 
14,690 
87,068 
67,206 
16,630 
62531 
45,201 


881...  36,688 
882...  368,108 
891...  840,130 

876...  34,492 

890...  11,772 

879...  28,298 

879...  28,317 

876...  22,079 

890...  70,028 

890...  68,313 

879...  22,762 

890...  20,287 

876...  26,971 
891...  128,849 

890...  20,613 

890...  73,490 

879...  26,677 

881...  10,009 

887...  84,171 

879...  27,117 

879...  30,874 

890...  72,401 

879...  28,661 

887...  26,193 

879...  21,699 

876...  25,866 

1879...  90,996 

879...  26,463 

879...  21,702 
891...  182,310 

879...  20,626 


26,8-.^7 
38,144 
36,541 
20,230 
20,895 
54,955 
42,371 
20,408 
31,711 
29,100 
25,003 
27,909 
42,914 


879.. 
879.. 
891.. 
876.. 
876.. 
890.. 
886.. 
1876.. 
891.. 
890.. 
888.. 
890.. 
891.. 
890...  138,956 
886...  37,013 
890...  20,226 
890. 1,099,860 
876...  11,325 
879...  24,122 
60,707 
;879...  28,000 
890...  32,241 
891...  16,223 
891...  150,444 
891...  12,831 
890...  296.908 
886...  46.718 
S90...  261,.363 
881...  10,519 
890...  32.671 
S80...  15,791 
878...  19,374 
1890...  30,399 
890...  281,273 
890...  15,353 
890...  88,1.50 
881...  25,560 
.889...  40,302 
.890...  17,004 
.879...  21,914 


City. 


Constance 

Constautine 

Constitucion.... 

Copenhagen 

Copiapo 

Copparo 

Coquimbo  (Serena) 

Corato. 

Cordova 

Corfu 

Cork 

Coronel 

Corunna 

Cortoua 

Cottbus 

Council  Bluffs 

Court  ral 

Coventry  « 

Coviiha 

Covington 

Cracow 

Crefeld 

Cremona.- 

Croydon 

Cueva  de  Vera , 

Cumberland 

Curic6 

Cuzco 

Czernowitz 

Damietta„ 

Dantzic 

Darmstadt 

Davenport 

Dayton 

Debreczin 

Delft 

Denver. 

Derby 

Des  Bloinos 

Dessau 

Dctmold 

Detroit 

Devonport 

Dieppe 

Dijon 

Dort 

Dortmund 

Douai 

Drammen 

Dresden 

Droghcda 

Dublin 

Dubuque 

Dudley 

Duisburg 

Dumbarton 

Dumfries 

Dundalk.... 

Dundee 

Dunedin 

Dunfermline 

Dunkirk 

Dusseldorf. 

Dysart 

Easton 

East  Saint  Louis... 

Ecija 

Edinburgh 

Eisenach 

Elberfeld_ 

Elbeuf. 

Elblng 

Elizabeth- 

Elraira 

Elvas 

Erfurt 

Erie 

Essen 

Esslingen 

Evans  ville 

Evora 

Faenza 

Falkirk 

Fall  Hirer 

Fano 

Ferraiu - 

Ferrol 

Flensburg  

Florence 

Foggia 

Foligno 

Fond  du  Lac......... 

Foo-Choo-Foo 

Fookooee 

Fookoo-Oka 

Forfar 


State. 


Ba<len 

AlgeHa 

Chili 

Denmark.. 

Chili 

Italy 

Chili 

Italy 

Spain 

Greece 

Ireland .... 

Chili 

Spain 

Italy 

Prussia 

Iowa 

Belgium.... 
England.... 
Portugal... 
Kentucky. 

Austria 

Prussia 

Italy 

England. .. 

Spain 

Maryland . 

Chili 

Peru 

Austria 

Egypt 

Prussia 

Germany.. 

Iowa 

Ohio 

Hungary.. 
Netherlands.  .- 

Colorado 

England.- 

Iowa 

Germany 

Germany 

Michigan 

England 

France 

France 

Netherlunds.- 

Prussia 

France 

Norway 

Saxony 

Ireland 

Ireland 

Iowa 

England 

Prussia 

Scotland 

Scotland 

Ireland 

Scotland 

New  Zealand.. 

Scotland 

France 

Prussia 

Scotland 

Pennsylvania, 

Illinois 

Spain 

Scotland 

Germany 

Prussia 

France 

Prussia 

New  Jersey..-. 

Now  York 

Portugal 

Prussia 

Pennsylvania. 

Prussia 

Wurtombcrg... 

Indiana 

Portugal 

Italy 

Scotland 

Massachusetts 

Italy 

Italy 

Spain 

Prussia..... 

Italy 

Italy 

Italy 

Wisconsin. 

China 

Japan 

Japan 

Scotland.... 


Population. 


1870., 
1872.. 
1875.. 
1870.. 
1875.. 
1871.. 
1875.. 
1871.. 
1867.. 
1879.. 
1871.. 
1875.. 
1807.. 
1871.. 
1870.. 
1880.. 
1809.. 
1871- 
1868.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1871.. 
1871- 


10,061 
30,296 

6,.542 
197,.576 
11,432 
26,989 
12,293 
20,018 
41,903 
16,615 
78.642 

6,6.58 
29,823 
26,263 
18,927 
18,003 
23,276 
37,670 

8,838 
24,5a5 
49,855 
62,905 
28,079 
66,a')2 


1870.. 
1875.. 
1876.. 
1870.. 
1872.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1809.. 
1870.. 
1871.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1871.. 
1866... 
1866.. 
1869... 
1870.. 
1868... 
1865... 
1871... 
1871... 
1871... 
1870... 
1871... 
1870... 
1871.- 
1871.- 
1871-. 
1871 -. 
1876... 
1871.- 
1866.., 
1870.- 
1871.- 
1870... 
1880... 
1867... 
1871... 
1870... 
1870.., 
1872... 
1870.., 
1870.- 
1870.- 
1868... 
1870... 
1870... 
1870-. 
1870.- 
1870... 
1868... 
1871.- 
1871-. 
1870... 
1871.- 
1871.- 
1.867... 
1870... 
1871-. 
1871-. 
18fl.- 
1870... 


8,056 
9,072 
18,370 
3;{,884 
29,383 
76,733 
33,799 
20,038 
30,473 
40,111 
22,909 
4,749 
61,381 
12,0:i5 
17,4.59 
6,4  (i9 
79.577 
49,449 
19,946 
39,143 
25,459 
44,420 
24,105 
13,022 

177,089 
13,510 

240,320 
18,434 
43,782 
30,533 
11,404 
13,704 
11,377 

121,925 
23,365 
14,968 
33,083 
69,305 
8,040 
10,987 
9,185 
27,210 

190,979 
13,907 
71,384 
22,503 
a5,873 
20,832 
15,803 
9,037 
48,0.30 
19,046 
61,613 
15,701 
21,830 
11,078 
36,299 
11,712 
26,700 
19,734 
72,447 
21,120 
26,474 

107,093 
34,181 
21,680 
12,704 


1871...    11,602 


890...  16,2:« 
88«...  44,900 
889...  32,195 
890...  312.387 
889...  27,.'>:Jl 
879...  30,106 
889...  16,065 
881...  30,428 
877...  49,866 
889...  19,0-2ri 
891...  75,070 
889...  19,140 
877...  3;i,736 
879...  27,239 
890...  34,909 
890...  21,474 
890...  30,908 
891...  62,72(1 
878...  10,986 
890...  37,371 
890...  76,025 
890...  106,371 
879...  25,020 
891...  102,097 
877...  20,644 
890...  12,729 
889...  68,402 
890...  30,000 
890...  67,403 
»82...  34,046 
890...  120,469 
890...  5G,M<i 
890...  20,872 
890...  61,2  0 
890...  50,996 
890...  29,022 
890...  106,713 
891...  94,140 
890...  50,093 
890...  34,658 
886...  8,916 
890...  206,876 
891...  64,736 
880...  22,.599 
886...  60,865 
890...  32,934 
890...  89,.')92 
886...  30,0;M) 
891...  20,684 
890...  270,085 
891...  11,812 
891...  2.54,709 
890...  30,311 
891...  4.5,740 
890...  69,:i00 
891.-  16,908 
891...  16.673 
891...  131207 
891...  153,066 
891...  45,865 
891...  22,365 
...  38,025 
890...  144,082 
891...  12,849 
890...  14,481 
890...  15,109 
884...  25,074 
891...  201,201 
890...  21,399 
890...  125,830 
886...  21.829 
800...  41, .578 
890...  37,704 
890...   30,893 


878... 
890... 
890... 
890... 
890... 


11,206 
72,371 
40,6:J4 
78,72;$ 
22,1'>6 


890...  60,756 

878...  13,461 

879...  S6,6ai 

891...  17,307 

890...  74,398 

879..  21,001 

879..  76,428 

877...  23,811 

890...  30,873 
879...  167.714 

879...  39.814 

879...  22,6:!8 

890...  12,024 
890...  630,(XI0 

890...  40,849 

890..  63,014 

891.  12,884 


23 


fQfVBATION  OF  1!BK  PBIiNCIPAS  CITIISS  OF  THE  WORLD. 


COMPARATIVB  POPULATIOIf  AT  DIFFERENT  DATES. 


ci«. 


KrtI' 


a— till  I  oo  tbv 
Ifaiii......^ 

SnMkfort  on  Uw 
(M«r — ..... 

M^rt 

V^MklrehM.... 

With 

ttiSWiieIc 

•MfwtoB. 

Qthmj........^. 

QatHtiMd........ 

OabwelUr. 

fl»fl» 

GwMva........... 


SUtoi 


lul^ 

IndMuna-. 
Itolj 

PniMfak.. 


PniMta... 
N.  Urunawick 

Skxonjr ».. 

Bwitn  ~ 

8«rlUM-Und... 
Madrlra  Ul'd. 

I!uiig»i7 

BaTiiri«......M. 

Scotland 

TexM- 

Ir«Uod 

EnKUod- 

AlMca ~.. 

Swedes 

Swiuerlaud... 

Italy 

DULColumbia 

Genoany 

Uelgiuni. 

Germany „ 

Spain 

Sicily 

PruHia ». 

Scotland 

Saxony 

Maasacbuaetu 

Germany 

Austria 

Prunla 

India 

Gar  many 

Sweden 

Spain 

Spain 

Michigan 

Aaatria 

Scotland 

Germany 

France „.. 

Netherlands... 

Hungary 

Guatemala-... 

Italy 

Prussia 

Netherlands.- 

Prussia 

Japan- 

Netherlauda— 

Alsace 

Japan.- 

Prussia 

England 

Nova  Scotia... 

Prussia 

Germany 

Scotland 

Ohio - 

Ontario 

Pnusla . 

Prussia. _., 

England 

Prussia 

Pennsylvania. 
Connecticut... 

England 

Massachusetts 

France 

Scotland 

Baden- 

Oennany 

Netherlands- 
Sweden 

Bnmia- 

Switzerland... 

Greece- 

Japan- ..^ 

IlanoTei;- 

Japan-......-.. 

Jspan- _. 

Japan— 

New  Jersey... 

Bavaria 

Maisaclinselta 

Denmarli , 

Texas- j 

England 

England........ 

MontTia ....... 

aiill 

Italy I 


PopuUUoBj 


1871...  81.480 

1870...  17,718 

1871^  16,W7 

1870.„  01,040 


1870.. 
1871.. 
1870.. 
1K70.. 
1870- 
1868.. 
1870.. 
1S70., 
1871... 
1870... 
1871... 
1870... 
1870... 
1>G6.., 
1870... 
1871.., 
1870.., 
1870.., 
1869.., 
1870.., 
18C7... 
1871... 
1870... 
1871.., 
1870... 
1870... 
1870... 
1870.., 
1870.., 
1872.- 
1870... 
18G6.., 


43,214 

21,673 
23fib0 
10,004 
18,000 
23,86.1 
24,577 
10,312 
13,813 
14,597 
47,627 

ii;>;»8 

12.601 
46,783 

130,200 
li;i84 
17,870 

121,409 
12,208 
24,802 
18,802 
31,970 

477,156 
21,743 
15,;»89 
12,8.18 
16,659 
45,310 
61,117 
22,928 
68,IC4 


1867- 
1870- 
1870.. 
1871- 
1870.. 
18C0.. 
18G9.. 
1878.. 
1880.. 
1871.. 
1871~ 
1869.. 
1870.. 


67,320 
16,507 
81,119 
67,821 
12,657 
40,484 
38,897 
28,698 
67,728 
22,757 
21,412 
31,282 
13,446 


I860- 
1870.. 


03,083 
11,331 


1870. 
1871. 
1871. 
1870. 
1873. 
1871. 
1870. 
1871. 
1870. 
1870. 
1871. 
1870. 
1870. 
1870. 
1871. 
1870. 
1861. 
1871. 
1870. 
1870. 
1869. 
1866. 
1870. 
1870. 
1879. 


.  25,419 

.  6.5,510 

.  29,i>82 

.  62.6-20 
.  230,279 

.  1M96 

.  11,081 

.  26,716 

.  16,924 

.  20,294 

.  39,976 

.  87,626 

.  23.104 

.  37,180 

.  29,291 

.  13,092 

.  74,136 

.  11,:J56 

.  19,98:i 

.  13,955 

.  19,305 

.  7,134 

.  83,602 

.  9,736 

.  21,245 


1870...  20,801 


187T.. 
1870-, 
1X70.., 
1870.., 
1870.., 
1870.., 
1871... 
1871., 
1870.., 


34,774 
20,297 
16,968 
10,733 
10,501 
9,382 
70,263 
121,892 
20,112 


1871...  88,388  1879, 


S7t.. 
8iiO- 

»7t.. 


80,696 
86,39!) 
aO,444 


8S0.„  179,860 


.  66,724 

.  6,602 

.  28.964 

.  48,788 

.  12,196 

.  20,«i06 

.  33,780 

.  42,669 

.  17,249 

.  26,084 

.  13,746 

.  86,709 

.  12,467 

.  23,484 

.  71,807 
.200,486 

.  14.046 

.  39,599 

.  163,740 

.  20,611 

.  30,691 

.  22,027 

.  49,626 

.  666,714 

.  23,404 

.  24,661 

.  13,774 

.  21,958 

.  62,136 

.  64,860 

.  29,134 

.  104,657 

.  20,266 

.  76,108 

.  60,278 

.  113,540 

.  63,498 

.  2(»,141 

.  46,426 

.  56,413 

.  38,219 

.  65,tK)0 

.  24,086 

.  29,420 

.  61,626 

,  36,376 

,  30,508 

,  160,631 

.  12,579 

.  20,340 

.  36,601 

.  82,864 

.  38,556 
,101,401 

,  323,923 

.  24,863 

.  17,666 

,  48,080 

.  24,it75 

,  26,027 

,  64,846 

,  166,499 

.  39,386 

,  63,230 

,  62,340 

.  27,412 

116,369 
19,204 

.  31,737 

,  29,939 

.  22,737 

.  20,410 

,  68,402 

,  12,937 

.  22,104 

.  27,786 

,  33,482 

.  25,924 

.  30,408 

.  30,487 

.  43,648 

,  24,648 

.  35,637 

.  17,290 

.  27,557 

.  95,422 

199,991 

.  23,762 

.  31,665 

,  28,421 


890. 
891. 
890. 
890. 
888. 
878. 
890.. 
860. 
891. 
890. 
891. 
891. 
880. 
890. 
888. 
890. 
890.. 
890. 
891. 
880. 
877., 
879.. 
890. 
801.. 
890.. 
890., 
880.. 
890.. 
890.. 
891.. 
890.. 
890.. 
877.. 
877.. 
890.. 
890.. 
891.. 
890., 
876.. 
890.. 
890.. 
888.. 
879.. 
890.. 
890.. 
890.. 
877., 
890., 
880., 
877., 
890., 
891., 
891., 
890., 
890., 
891.. 
890.. 
891.. 
890.. 
890.. 
891.. 
890.. 
890.. 
890.. 
891.. 
890.. 
891.. 
891.. 
890.. 
890.. 
890.. 
890.. 
888.. 
888.. 
889.. 
.877.. 
890.. 
877.. 
877- 
890.. 
890.. 
890.. 
890.. 
890- 
890.. 
891.. 
891.. 
890.. 


atr. 


Indianapolis 

Inrerneas. ....>.„.. 

Ipswich .> 

Iqoiqu*. „ 

Jackson ...._.., 

Jaen 

Jeres  de  la  Froutera 

Jersey  City- 

JUnkitping- 

JnoMt 

Kaiserslnutern.. 

Kansas  City 

Kaschau 

Kecskemet 

Key  West 

Kharkov 

Kiel 

Kiev 

Kilkenny 

Kilmarnock 

Kingston -.. 

Kingstown...... 

Kingston „.. 

Kioto 

Kirkcaldy 

Klausenburg.... 

Ktinigsborg 

KiinigsbUtte 

Koomamotoo— .. 

Koshi 

La  Estrada. 

Iiaucaster 

Landsberg 

La  Sp<'zia 

La  Union 

Lausanne 

Laval 

Lawrence 

Lay  bach 

Leavenworth  -.. 

Lecce 

Le  Crettzot 

Leeds 

Leeuwarden 

Leghorn— 

Leicester 

Leipsic -.., 

Leith 

Le  Mans _... 

Lemberg -... 

Lerida _.., 

Xievallois-Perret, 

Lewiston 

Lexington 

Leyden -.., 

Liege 

Lieguitz -.. 

Lille 

Lima , 

Limerick -.., 

Limoges 

Linares 

Linares , 

Lincoln 

Llntz , 

Lisbon 

Lisburn 

Liverpool 

Locle 

Lodl 

London 

London 

Londonderry  -... 

Lorca. 

Lorient 

Louisville 

Louie , 

Louvain , 

Lowell , 

Lubeok- 

Lucca 

Lucerne 

Lucknow- 

Lnd  wigsburg.— ., 

Lugo 

Lund , 

Lnrgan , 

Lynchburg- 

Lynn 

Lyons „.., 

Macerata -„. 

Maddaloni „. 

Madison _. 

Madras. 

Madrid _. 

MaMtricht ,«...., 


State. 


Indiana.... 
Scotland-. 
England- 
Peru 

Michigan . 

Spain 

Spain 

New  Jersey... 

Swe<len.... 

Belgium-. 

Bavaria-... 

Missouri.... 

Hungary... 

Hungary.. 

Florida.... 

Russia 

Prussia.... 

Russia 

Ireland  .... 
Scotland-. 
New  York, 
Ireland..... 
Ontario...., 

Japan 

Scotland.... 

Austria 

Prussia.... 
Prussia.... 

Japan 

Ja)>an 

Spain 

Pennsylvania. 

Prussia 

Italy 

Spnin 

Switzerland 

France 

Massnchusetts 

Austria 

Kansas 

Italy 

France 

England- 

Netherlands... 

Italy 

England 

Saxony* 

Scotland- 

Franco 

Austria 

Spain 

France 

Maine 

Kentncky 

Netlicrlands.- 

Belgium 

Prussia 

France 

Peru 

Ireland 

France 

Spain 

Chili 

Nebraska 

Austria 

I'ortngal 

Ireland 

England 

Switzerland... 

Italy 

England- 

Ontario 

Ireland 

Spain 

France 

Kentucky 

Portugal 

Belgium 

Massachusetts 

Germany 

Italy 

Switzerland... 

India 

WUrtemberg- 

Italy 

Sweden 

Ireland 

Virginia- 

Massachusetts 

France 

Italy 

Italy 

Wisconsin 

India 

Spain 

Netherlands... 


Population. 


1870... 

1871... 

1871. 

1876. 

1870. 

1807. 

1867. 

1870.. 

1866.. 

1870.. 

1870.. 

1870.. 

1870.. 

1870.. 

1870.. 

1870. 

1870 

18G9.. 

1871.. 

1871.. 

1876.. 

1871.. 

1872.. 

1872.. 

1871.. 

1870.. 

1870... 

1870... 

1877... 

1877.. 


48,244 

.    14,469 

..    42.947 

.    11,717 

.   11,447 

..    22,938 

.    38,898 

.    K2/>4C 

.    10,013 

..    16,262 

17,800 

32,260 

21.742 

.  4i/>;i9 

5,016 

..   82,i:« 

.    31,747 

70,591 

12,710 

22,693 

20,474 

16,378 

12,407 

238,663 

12,422 

26,382 

112,092 

19,546 

.    44.779 

27,012 


1870...  20,233 
1870...  21,379 
1871...    24,127 


1870. 

1806. 

1870. 

1870. 

1870. 

1871.. 

1867.. 

1871.. 

1869.. 

1871.. 

1871.. 

1875.. 

1871.. 

1872.. 

1870. 

1867. 

1872. 

1870... 

1870.. 

1809.. 

1870.. 

1870.. 

1870.. 

1878.. 

1871.. 

1870.. 

1877.. 


.    26,520 

.    27,189 

.    28,921 

.    22,693 

17,873 

23,247 

.    23,872 

269,'J12 

25,894 

80,914 

95,220 

127,387 

44,280 

45,230 

.    87,109 

.    19,.'i97 

.    22,7:« 

13,tKX) 

14,801 

39,969 

.111,863 

23,i:i8 
.  164,749 
100,07:1 
39,a")3 
63,022 
3li,630 


1880 
1870 
1864 
1871 
1871 
1870. 
1871. 
1871.. 
1871. 
1871. 
1807 
1872. 
1870, 
1868, 
1870, 
1870 
1871, 
1871. 
1870. 
1872. 
1870. 
1871. 
1866 
1871. 
1870. 
1870. 
1866. 
1871. 
1871. 
1870. 
1872. 
1870. 
1869. 


..  13,003 
..  •M),MS 
..  208,376 
..  9,3-.i6 
..  493.406 
..  10,;i:i4 
..  18,.6:i7 
.3,264,260 
...  15,326 
..  26.242 
...  48,1.58 
..  37,665 
..  100,753 
..  12,146 
..  32,976 
..  40.928 
..  39,743 
..  68,20't 
..  14,624 
..  284,779 
..  11,785 
..  24,895 
..  10.062 
..  10,632 
..  6,825 
..  28,2:« 
..  32»,9.'4 
..  19,831 
..  17,024 
..  9,176 
..  397,562 
..381,470 
..    29,578 


860...  106,436 
891...  16,214 
891...  67,260 
88.-1...  1,6,391 
890...  20,798 
884...  21,280 
887...  61,708 
890...  16:1,003 
890...  1»,6S2 
8'.tO...  2t,8ft8 
890...  37,041 
890...  119,<K!8 
890.-  29.196 
890...  48,2:H 
890...  18,080 
886...  171,416 
890...  «9,J14 
885...  16.'),661 
891...  11.024 
891.-  28,438 
890...  21, '.^61 
891...  17,;«0 
891...  19.2t)4 
890...  279,7!r2 
891...  27,1.51 
8it0...  32,729 
890...  ltil,.'.28 
890...  30,601 
890...  62,8:0 
890...  32,241 
877...  23,528 
890...  32,011 
890...  28,081 
879...  26,944 
877...  22,122 
888...  3;j,340 
891...  30,374 
890...  44.654 
890...  30,691 
890...  19,768 
879...  24,620 
886...  17,703 
891...  367,506 
890...  30,590 
890...  104,960 
891...  14'J,051 
891...  3d;i.'.^72 
891...  67,6(10 
886...  67,694 
890.-  128,419 
884...  17,672 
886...  .1.5,649 
890...  21,701 
890...  21,667 
890...  43,510 
890...  149,789 
890...  46,8ri2 
886...  188,272 
890...  150,1100 
891...  37,072 
886...  68,477 
884.. 
875.. 
890.. 
890.. 


24,7:w 

6,447 
65,154 
47,6(i0 
878...  233,3S9 
891...  9,617 
891...  617,981 
888...  11,226 
879...  26,461 
.>'91. 4^1 1,066 
891...  31,977 
891...  32,893 
877...  62,934 
880...  40,055 
890...  101,129 
878...  14.862 
890. 
890. 
890. 
879. 
888. 
891. 
890. 


39,948 
77,696 
63,690 
68,849 
20,314 
272,690 
17,.197 
879...  26,662 
890...  1.5,023 
891...  11,447 
890...  19.709 
890...  65,727 
886...  401,9:18 
879...  20,331 
879...  20,016 
890...  l:),426 
891...  449,960 
887...  470,283 
890...    32,226 


POPULATION  OF  THE    PRINCIPAL  CITIES  OF  THE  WORLD. 


COMPARATIVE  POPULATION  AT  DIFFERENT  DATES. 


City. 


Jfagdeburg 

tliilaga 

MhIiiiu 

Manchester 

Miincliester 

Mannheim 

Slantna 

Blaranhao 

Markircli 

Marstila 

Marseilles 

Matsooyania 

MaytSDiiye 

Mechlin 

Mecraiio 

Meeriit 

Meiiiitigen 

Mellioiirne 

Menil>hii« 

Mentz 

Meriden 

Merthyr-Tydvil 

Messina 

Metz 

MiJilleslwrougli 

Milan 

Milwaukee 

Minneapolis 

Mir/.apoor 

Missoloughl 

Mobile 

Modena 

Modica 

Molfetta 

Monopoli 

Mens 

Montauban 

Monte    San    Giuli- 

nno 

Montgomery 

Montln9on 

Montpellier 

Montreal 

Montrose 

Mon/.a 

Moradabod 

Morioka 

Moscow 

Monlins 

MUlilhaiisen 

MUlhaiison- 

Mnlheimam-Rhein 
Mnlhelni-am-Ruhr 

^Innich 

Milnstcr 

Murcia 

Muskegon 

Muttra 

Kagaoka , 

Nagasaki  „ 

Nagoya 

Namur ... 

Nancy 

Nantes 

Naples 

Nara..... 

Narbonne 

Nashua 

Nsishvillo 

Neisse 

Nenfchatel 

Nenilly 

Ncusittz 

Neustadt 

Ncu-Strelitz 

Nevcrs 

Now  Albany 

Newark 

New  Bedford 

New  Urunswick 

Newburg 

Nowburyport..... 

Newcastle 

New  Haven 

New  London 

Now  Orleans 

Newport 

Newport 

Newry 

Newton 

New  York 

Nice 

Nie<ler  W'esel.... 

Ntmeg 

Niort 

Nordhaoten 


Prossia. 

Spain 

Sweden 

England 

N.  llanipsbire 

Baden 

Italy 

Brazil 

Germany 

Sicily 

Frituce 

Japtin 

Japan 

Belgium 

Saxony 

India 

Germany 

Victoria 

Tennessee 

Germany 

Connecticut ... 

Wales 

Sicily  

Germany.. 
Knclaud... 

Italy 

Wisconsin. 
Minnesota. 

India 

Greece 

Alabama.... 

Italy 

Sicily , 

Italy 

Italy 

Belgium... 
France 


Sicily 

Alabama 

France , 

France 

Quebec 

Scotland 

Italy 

ludia 

Japan 

Russia 

France 

Prussia 

Germany. 

I'russia , 

Prussia 

Bavaria 

Prussia 

Spain 

Michigan 

India 

Japan 

Japan 

Jal>an 

Belgium 

France 

Fnince 

Italy 

Japan 

France 

N.  Hampshire 

Tennessee 

Prussia 

Switzerland... 

France 

Hungary 

Prns.sia 

Germany 

France 

Indiana 

New  Jersey.... 
Massachusetts 
New  Jersey 
New  York... 
Massachusetts 

Kiiglaiid 

Connecticut.. 
Connecticut.. 

Louisiana 

Kentucky 

Rhode  Island. 
Ireland .... 
Massachusetts 
New  York. 

France 

Prussia 

Fnince 

Fi-ance 

Prossia 


Population. 


1870.. 
1870.. 
1866.. 
1871.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1871.. 
1872.. 
1870.. 
1871.. 
I860.. 
1877.. 
1877.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1872.. 
1870.. 
1871.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1880.. 
1871.. 
1871.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1871.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1872.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1871.. 
1871.. 
1871.. 
1871.. 
1866.. 
1872.. 

1871.. 
1870.. 
1872.. 
1872.. 
1871.. 
1871.. 
1871.. 
1872.. 
1877.. 
1858., 
1872.. 
1870.. 
1875.. 
1870., 
1870., 
1871., 
1871., 
1867.. 
1870., 
Is72.. 


84,401 
94,732 
23,461 

379,374 
23,.'5.30 
39,606 
26,687 
31,604 
12,319 
34,202 

300,131 
28,294 
38,382 
35,529 
19,187 
81,386 
9,.521 
64,993 
40,226 
.'>3,902 
15,540 
97,020 
70,307 
51,3,88 
39,5ai 

199,0(« 
71,440 
13,0G« 
67,274 
5,714 
32,0:{4 
6<i,200 
30,032 
20,516 
20,684 
23,128 
25,624 

13,369 

10,588 

20,251 

54,406 

107,225 

.  14,.')48 

.  25,771 

.  67,158 

,  31,499 

336,370 

,  19,774 

20,926 

68,463 

.  17,353 

.  15,277 

,  169,693 

.  24,821 

;  82,020 

6,002 

,  59.281 


1877., 
1877.. 
1866., 
1872.. 
1872., 
1871., 


40,661 
135,715 
23,389 
52,505 
113,025 
415,549 


1872.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1872.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1872.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1871.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1871.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1872., 
1870.. 
1872., 
1872.. 
1880., 


18,325 
10,543 
25,865 
19,3(i0 
13,321 
20,781 
19,119 
24,093 
8,525 
20,001 
15,396 

lft>,a'J9 
21,320 
15,058 
17,014 
12,.595 

128,443 

60,840 

9,570 

191,418 
15,087 
12,.521 
13,360 
12,825 

942,292 
4.5,510 
19,104 
60,020 
20,336 
23,570 


890...  202,325 
887...  134,016 
890...  48,504 
891...  605,343 
890...  44.126 
890...  79,044 
881...  28,048 
...  3.5,(K!0 
880...  11,471 
879...  38,015 
886...  376,143 
890...  32,738 
890...  35,934 
890...  50,962 
890...  22,429 
891 ...  IKyJOO 
880...  11,227 
891...  71,523 
890...  64,495 
800...  72,934 
8!K)...  21,652 
891...  68,(180 
881...  142,000 
89(1...  60,194 
891...  7.5,516 
881...  29.5,543 
890...  204,468 
890...  164,738 
891...  82,600 
879...  6,324 
890...  31,076 
881...  31,053 
881...  38,370 
881...  29,697 
879...  21,144 
890...  20,370 
876...   26,952 

879...  20,193 
890...  21,883 
876...  23,416 
886...  .'■)6,7f.6 
891...  216,650 
891...  13,048 
879...  26,,\54 
891...  73,440 
890...  31,1.53 
8S5...  753,469 
886...  21,213 
890...  27,540 
89''...  70,9(;8 
890...  30,993 
890...  27,905 
890...  .348,317 
890...  49,344 
887...  98,.538 
890...  22,702 
891...  60,020 
877...  20,029 
890...  65,063 
890...  162,767 
890...  29,794 
886...  79,0.38 
886...  127,482 
890...  530,872 
877...  22,746 
886...  26,391 
890...  19.311 
890...  7(i,168 
890...  22,447 
888...  16,261 
886...  25,-596 
890...  24,072 
880...  27,074 
880...  9,407 
886...  23,610 
890...  21,059 
890...  181,830 
890...  40,733 
890...  18,603 
890...  23,087 
890...  13,947 
891...  186,:i46 
890...  81,298 
890...  13,767 
890...  242,039 
890...  24,918 
890...  19,457 
891...  13,211 
890...  24,379 
^90..1,515,:^Ol 
891...  88,273 
890...  20,736 
891...  71,623 
886...  22,079 
890...    26,852 


caty. 


Norfolk 

Norrkjoplng 

Northampton .... 

Norwich 

Norwich 

Nottingham 

Novara 

Niigata 

Nut-emberg 

Nyniwegcu_.... 

Oakland 

Odense 

Odessa 

Oedenbiirg 

Offenbach 

Okayama 

Oldenburg 

Oldham 

Olmutz 

Omaha 

Oporto  .„ 

Oran.« 

Orebro 

Orihuela._ 

Orleans 

Osaka 

Osnaburg 

Oswego , 

Ottawa. 

Ovar , 

Oviedo 

Padua 

Paisley 

Palermo 

Palma 

Pamplona. 

Paris 

Parma 

Parteuico 

Paterson 

Patras 

Pan 

Pavia 

Pembroke 

Peoria 

P6riguenx 

Perpiguan 

Perth 

Perugia 

Peterhead , 

Petersburg 

Pforzheim 

Philadelphia.... 

I'iacenza 

Pilsen , 

Piraius 

Pisa 

Pistoja 

Pittsburg 

Pittsficld 

Plauen 

Plymouth 

P.iitiers 

Ponta  Delgada.. 
Port  Glasgow..., 

Portland 

Porto  Alegre.... 

Portsmouth 

Posen 

Potsdam 

Poughkeepsie.... 
Povoade  Varaim.... 

Prague 

Prato , 

Presburg 

Preston 

Providence 

Puerto     de    Santa 

Maria 

Pyrgo 

Quebec 

Qucenstown..... 

Quillota 

Quincy 

Ifciab 

Ragusa 

Randers 

Rangoon 

Rastadt 

Rathmines      and 

Rathgar 

Ratisbon 

liavenna 

Reading 

Reading 

Recife 


State. 


Virginia 

Sweden 

England 

England 

Connecticut... 

England 

Italy 

Japan 

Bavaria 

Netherlands... 

California 

Denmark 

Russia 

Hungary 

Germany 

Japan 

Germany 

England 

Austria 

Nebraska 

Portugal 

Algeria 

Sweden 

Spain  

France 

Japan 

Prussia 

New  York 

Ontario 

Portugal 

Spain 

Italy 

Scotland 

Italy 

Spain 

Spain 

France 

Italy 

Sicily 

New  Jersey.... 

Greece 

France 

Italy 

Wales 

Illinois 

France 

France 

Scotland 

Italy 

Scotland 

Virginia 

Baden 

Pennsylvania. 

Italy 

Austria 

Greece 

Italy 

Italy 

Pennsylvania. 
Massachusetts 

Saxony 

England 

France 


Population. 


1870, 
1866 
1871 
1871, 
1880 
187X. 
1871. 
1877. 
1871. 
18G9. 
1870. 
1870, 
1858. 
1870. 
1870 


19,229 

23,271 

41,168 

80,386 

15,112 

86  621 

..    29,516 

.    33,832 

.    83,214 

.    23,859 

..    10,500 

..    16,970 

..  104,169 

..    21,108 

..    25,911 


Azores  Islands 

Scotland 

Maine 

Brazil 

England 

Prussia 

Prussia 

New  York 

Portugal 

Austria 

Italy 

Hungary 

England 

Rhode  Island. 


Spain 

Greece 

Quebec .... 
Ireland.... 

Chili 

Illinois .... 
Hungary.. 

Sicily 

Denmark . 

India 

Baden 


Ireland 

Bavaria 

Italy 

England 

Pennsylvania 
Brazil... 


1870. 

1871. 

1870, 

1870, 

1808, 

1872, 

1866 

i860 

1872 

1881. 

1871, 

1870. 

1871, 

1868, 

1867. 

1871. 

1871. 

1871.. 

1867. 

1867 

1876. 

1871 

1871. 

1870 

1870. 

1872. 

1871. 

1871. 

1870. 

1872. 

1872. 

1871. 

1876. 

1871.. 

18iO. 

1870 

1870.. 

1871.. 

1870., 

1870.. 

1871-., 

1871., 

1870., 

1870., 

1870. 

1871.. 

1872. 

1868. 

1871.. 

1870.. 


...  15,701 

...  82,629 

...  15,231 

,..  16,083 

...  85,256 

...  40,674 

...  9,007 

...  25,208 

...  48,976 
...  291,086 

,..  2:1,308 

...  20,910 

,..  21,.545 

...  10,374 

...  28,225 

...  44,607 
48,240 
...  186,145 

...  53,019 

..  22,896 
1,988,800 

..  44,915 

...  19,8;i8 

.  33,579 

,.  16,641 

,.  27,.5.53 

,.  27,885 

..  13,704 

,.  22,849 

,.  23,290 

..  24,379 

,.  25,5s5 

..  49,192 

.  8,168 

...  18,950 

,.  23,()92 
,.  074,022 

..  .34,908 

..  23,681 

..  11,047 

..  55,331 

..  12,960 

..  86,070 

.,  11,112 

..  28,756 

..  68,758 

..  31,092 

..  1,5,885 

..  9,912 

,.  31,413 


1871.., 

1870... 
1870.., 
1870.., 
1868... 
1870.., 
1871... 
1870... 
1871... 
1870... 

1867... 
1879... 
1871.., 
1871.., 


113,569 
00,998 
45,(K)3 
20,080 
10,012 

157,713 
12,f/J7 
46,540 
85,427 
68,904 

19.247 

8,7s8 

69,699 

10,3;i4 


1870.. 
1870.. 
1871., 
1870.. 
1872.. 
1870., 

1871., 
1870., 
1871., 
1871., 
1870.. 


24,052 

21,494 
ll,:i54 
98.745 
12,219 

20,562 
30,937 
68,9(4 
32,324 
33,930 


1890 

1890 

1891 

1891 

1890 

1891 

1879 

1890 

1890 

1890 

1890 

1890 

1885 

1890 

1890 

1877, 

1890. 

1891. 

1880. 

1890. 

1878. 

1886 

1890. 

1877. 

1886. 

1890. 

1890. 

1890. 

1891. 

1878. 

1877. 

1881. 

1891. 

1890. 

1887. 

1877, 

1891. 

1881 

1879. 

1890. 

1889. 

1891. 

1^81. 

1891. 

1890. 

1891. 

1891. 

1891. 

1879. 

1891. 

1890. 

1890. 

1890. 

1881. 

l,'-90. 

1890. 

1879. 

1879 

1890. 

1890 

1890. 

1891. 

1891. 

1878. 

1891. 

1890. 

1872. 

1891. 

1890. 

1890., 

1890., 

1878., 

1890., 

1879., 

1890., 

1891., 

1890., 

1877. 
1890. 
1891. 
1881., 
1875., 
189(1., 
1890. 
1879. 
1890. 
1891. 
1885. 

1881. 
1890. 
1879. 
1891. 
1890. 
1872. 


...  34.871 
...  32,826 
...  61,016 
...  1(0.964 
...  16,156 
...211,984 
...  31,128 
...  46,.3o3 
...  142,403 
...  32,618 
...  48,682 
...  3(V::77 
...  240,000 
..  27,103 
...  36,154 
...  32,9.5:1 
,..  21,310 
...  131,463 
...  20,176 
...  14(1,452 
...  108,:i4« 
...  67,681 
...  14,547 
...  20,929 
...  60.826 
...  476.271 
39,932 
...  21.842 
...  44;i,54 
...  10,447 
...  :i4,460 
...  47,:i:l4 
...  66,420 
...  267,416 
...  60,514 
...  25,6:10 
.2,447,967 
...  44,492 
...  21,447 
78,:i47 
44,970 

;i2,iii 

29.836 

14,978 

41,024 

31,439 

3:1,878 

29,!V2 

49,105 

12,196 

22,680 

29,987 

.1,046,9«4 

:i4,987 

60,693 

34,6>a 

.50,:i74 

63,98ti 

...  2:18,617 

17,281 

47,(H)S 

84,179 

37,497 

17,940 

14,624 

36,425 

2.5,000 

...  159,2.56 

,.    09,(al 

.    64,161 

..    2:i,206 

,.    11,0(V4 

.184,1(19 

..   42,882 

.    £2.444 

..  107,573 

.  132,146 

.  22,125 

,.  12,647 

.  62.446 

,.  9,7:t8 

,.  11.369 

,.  31,494 

,.  22,976 

..  24,461 

,.  10,617 

.  181,210 

..  11,743 

,.  24,246 
..  37,567 
..  60,877 
..  60,054 
..  68.t«il 
..  116,671 


27 


POPULATION  OF  THE  PRINCIPAL  CITIES  OF  THE  WORLD. 


COMPARATIVB,?pPULATION  AT  DIFFERENT  DATES. 


aty. 


XMglo  In  CbUbri* 
RmsIu  in  Kmllia... 
IMciianlwrg 


RriiiM-|u-iil._ 

Iteiiiini 

lUai 

lleiitllngfD- 

Mlchuiiiiiil 

KImlnl 

Hio  Jiinoiro 

Kuannx 

KoelidKle 

Itiicliorort 

RucliMter 

RocliMter 

Ilome 

Itountchook  » 

ItoMttK - 

Ruaiock 

Rottpnlam 

Itouliaix 

Rouen „ 

Iluiloliitnilt- 

Ruthpr>;Ien. 

Sncranieuto 

Pagtt „ „ 

8«iiit  Ciitharinra... 

8aint-IK<uU„ 

Saint-Klienue. 

8«int  GhII 

SdlDt  Helens 

8«iut  Hvacluthe... 

Saint  John 

Snint  Josepb 

Saint  Loala 

Saint  NicoIaa„ 

Saint-Omer- 

Saint  Paul 

Saint  Petersburg. .. 
Saint-Pierro-l&s-C'a- 

lala 

8nint.Quentin.. 

SakaT 

Suloiu - 

Salerno 

SalforJ _., 

Salt  Lake  City. 

Salzburg 

8i«n  Antonio.... 

Sandudky 

San  Felipe 

San  Fernando... 
San  Francisco.. 
Sao  Lucar  de  Bar- 

raiueda „„ 

San  SeliastieD_., 

Santander 

Santiiigo 

Santiago  de   Com- 

postela _... 

Bb>  Paulo 

Saragoasa 

Saiaari. _ 

Sarannah 

Savona - 

ScbafThausen , 

Schenectady 

8chie4am 

Scbweiduitz 

Sch\reria 

Sciacca. 

ScrantoQ _.. 

Sonjoo 

Serai  ng 

Setiilial _ 

SoTlIle 

Sbabjchatipoor., 

Sbeffleld 

Shields  (South).. 

Shoomla 

Siena 

SIstova _ 

Sligo 

'■  Sonierville-. 

■  Sophia 

Sorel 

Suuthnnipton..... 

Spandau 

Sparta 

8priiigfl<-M 

SpringflebL. 

Springfleld_ 

Stargard 

StaTanger 

Stettin _.._.. 


Stata. 


Italy 

Italy 

Austria «.. 

Krauce 

Prussia 

Franca 

Spain 

WUrteniberg.. 

Virginia  _ 

Italy 

Itrazil 

France 

England- 

France 

England 

New  York 

Italy 

Dulgaria. 

Egypt- 

Oennany 

Netherlands... 

France 

France 

Germany 

Scotland 

CaliforDia 

Japitn 

Ontario 

France 

France 

Switzerland... 

England 

Qnebec 

N.  Brunswick 

Missouri 

Missouri 

B«lgium 

France 

Minnesota. 

Russia 


France , 

France 

Japan 

Massachusetts 

Italy , 

England..., 

Utah 

Austria 

Texas. 

Ohio 

Chill 

Spain 

Cttliforuia., 


Spain., 
Spain.. 
Spain., 
Chill.., 


Spain 

Brazil 

Srialn 

Italy 

Georgia 

Italy 

Switzerland.. 
New  York.... 
Netherlands. 

Pniasia 

Germany 

Sicily 

PfunsylTania. 

Japan , 

Belgium... 
Portugal.., 

Spain 

India , 

England.., 
England.., 
Bulgaria- 
Italy 

Bulgaria. 
Ireland... 
Blassachusetts 
Bulgaria- 
Quebec... 
England- 
Prussia.... 

Greece 

Illinois 


1869.. 
1868.. 
1867.. 
1872.. 
1871.. 
1871.. 
1881.. 
1871.. 
1881.. 
1871.. 
1870.. 
1881.. 
187U 
1871.. 
1870.. 

i'm" 

MaasacbnaetU;  1870.. 


PopnUtloB. 


1871. 
1871. 
1870. 
187*. 
1870. 
187J. 
1807. 
1S70. 
1870. 
1871. 
1872. 
1872. 
1871. 
mi. 
1871. 
1870. 
1871. 
1881. 
1877. 
1870. 
1871. 
1872. 
1872. 
1870. 
1871. 
1870. 


.    19,083 

.  5<i,r.67 

.  2i,:m 

.  71,:i97 

.  2«,120 

.  48,658 

.  28,171 

.  15,240 

.  61,(U8 

.  3;t,88e 
.228,743 

.  21,472 

.  63,485 

.  25,4.'>4 

.  I8,t6-,i 

.  62,386 

.  219,608 

.  26,807 

.  16,243 

.  34,172 

.  12:»,OU7 

.  75,987 

.  102,649 

.  7,ai8 

.  9,4.'i6 

.  16,283 


1871.. 
1872.. 
1872.. 
1870.. 
1871.. 
1871.. 
1871.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1809.. 
1872.. 
1872.. 
18U9.. 

1872.. 
1872.. 
1877.. 
1870.. 
1871.. 
1871.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1880.. 
1875.. 
1867.. 
1870.. 

1867.. 
1867.. 
1867.. 
1875.. 

1867.. 
1872.., 
1807.. 
1871.. 
1870.., 
1871.. 
1870.., 
1870.. 
1869.. 
1870.. 
1870.. 
1871.. 
1870.. 


,  7.864 

.  29,500 
,  110,814 

.  16,075 

,  4'>,1.'>4 

,  3,746 

.  28,805 

.  19,565 
.  310,864 

,  23,.388 

,  21,404 

.  20,0:50 
.  607,903 

.  22,349 

,  37,980 

.  40.V.l(i 

.  24,117 

.  27,759 
.  124,801 

.  12,854 

.  20,336 

.  12,256 

.  15,838 

.  9,4i2 

.  18,21)2 
.  149,473 

.  18,130 

.  9,017 

,  30,202 
.  129,807 

,  26,928 

,  25,000 

.  67,428 

.  30,542 

.  28,2:55 

,  24,851 

.  10,303 

,  11,026 

,  21,8S0 

.  19,081 

.  27,980 

.  17,730 

.  85,092 


Ohio... 
Prussia... 
Norway.. 
Prussia.. 


1870.. 
1870., 
1865., 
1870., 


28 


19,414 
12,728 

118,298 
72,130 

239,916 
45,:«0 
22,921 
22,965 
ll,4:i8 
10,670 
14,6»5 
20,541 

,  6,636 
M,741 

,   26,888 

'.  WflHi 

26,703 
,  12,652 
.  20,173 
.  16.647 
,    76,280 


1879. 

1879. 

1890. 

1891 

1890. 

1891. 

1877. 

1890 

1890 

1879 

1890 

1891 

1891. 

1891. 

1X91 

1890 

1890 

1888., 

1882. 

1890 

1890. 

1891. 

1^91. 

1«90. 

1891. 

1890. 

1877. 

1891. 

1891. 

IS'.il. 

1880. 

1891. 

1891. 

1891. 

1890 

1890 

1890 

1876 

1890 

1887. 

1876.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 
UW.. 
1879.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1889.. 
1877.. 
1890.. 

1877.. 
1887.. 
1887.. 
1889.. 

1877.. 
1891.. 
1887.. 
18M.. 
1890.. 
1879.. 
1888.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1879.. 
1890.. 
1877.. 
1890.. 
1878.. 
1887.. 
1891.. 
1891.. 
1891.. 
1888.. 
1881.. 
1888.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 
1888.. 
1891.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 
1879.. 
1890.. 
1890., 
1891., 
1890., 
1891., 
1890., 


38,006 
60,808 

3i,o;i;i 

,..  104,186 
4i>,;i8J 
«9,i»2 
27,595 
18,499 
...  81,388 
,..    30,187 

...  6oo,m'0 
,..  3l,:i>0 
71,458 
3:l,3;i4 
V  0,309 
,..  l.',3,890 
,..  423,217 
,..  27,194 
,..  19,378 
..  44,4:i0 
,.  209,130 
..  114,917 
..112,352 
,.  11,398 
..  13,301 
..  2<i,386 
..  29.512 
..  9,170 
..  60,992 
,.  1;J3,443 
...  '^1,438 
...  71,288 
...  7,016 
...  39,179 
...  62,324 
...  451,770 
...  27,975 
...  21,855 
...  i:i3,156 
.1,003,315 

25,5&3 
47  ,.55 1 
48,Ka 
30,801 
31,207 

l'.*8,130 
44,X43 
27,741 
37,073 
18,471 
34.314 
20.822 

298,997 

22.777 
29,047 
42,1J5 
236,870 

24,192 

7o,(J(lO 

S»2,407 

31,,'iyc 

43,189 

20,0.19 

12,315 

19,9<'2 

2.'i,260 

24,701 

33,044 

21,348 

7,'i,-2l5 

3-.',l80 

33,912 

15,.598 

143,182 

77.090 

324,243 

78,431 

23,101 

23,445 

12,482 

10,110 

40,152 

.    30,428 

6.609 

,    65,325 

,    45,364 

.      3,595 

,    24,96:1 

,    44,179 

,    31,895 

.    2.3.792 

.    23,930 

.  116,239 


City. 


SdrllDg 

Stockholm 

Stockiwrt- 

Stockton - 

Stockton  .on-Tees... 
St'>ke-U|>ou.Trout.. 

Stnlpo 

Stralsund 

f!tras1iurg 

Stnblwoisseuburg- 

Stuttgart 

Suez. - 

Sunderland 

Swansea 

Sydney 

Syra - 

Syracuse - 

Syracuse 

Sxegedin 

Tukaniatsoo 

Takaoka 

Takata 

Tuica 

Tammerfors. 

Taranto 

Tarbes 

Tarnopol 

Tarnow 

Tarragona 

Tashkend 

Taunton 

Tavira - 

Trmesvar 

Termini 

Terra  Haute 

Theresieustadt 

Thorn 

Tilburg 

Tilsit 

Tineo 

Tirnova 

Tokio 

Tokoushima 

Toledo 

Toledo _ 

Topeka 

Toronto 

Torre  del  Greco-... 

Tortosn - 

Totori - 

Tottenham.- 

Toulon - 

Toulouse - 

Tourcoing 

Touruay 

Tours 

Toyama. 

Traui 

Trapani 

Trenton 

Troves - 

Treviso _ 

Triest 

Tripolitza 

Trondlijem 

Troy - 

Troycs 

Tsoo 

Tsooroogaoka 

Tubingen 

Turin 

Tynemouth- 

Udine 

i;im - 

Upsal 

Utica - 

Utrecht 

Valdes - 

Valence 

Valencia 

Valenciennes 

Valladolid 

Valparaiso 

Varna 

V4s4rliely 

Vcicz  Malaga 

Venice 

Vercelll 

Verona - „.. 

Versailles 

Versecz 

Verrlers 

Viborg  

Vicenza. 

Vienna 

Vienne 


State. 


Scotland 

Swedun 

England 

California 

England 

England 

Prussia 

Prussia 

Germany 

Hungary 

WUrtemberg.. 

Kgypt 

England 

England 

New  8.  M'ales 
Upper  Greece. 

Sicily 

New  York, 
Hungary.., 

Japan 

Japan 

Japan 

Chill 

Russia 

Italy 

France 

Austria 

Austria 

Spain 

Russia 

Massachusetts 

Portugal 

Hniigary 

Sicily 

Indiana 

Hungary 

Prussia 

Netherlauds.- 

PruHsia 

Spain. 

Bulgaiia 

Japan 

Japan 

Spain 

Ohio 

Kansas 

Ontario 

Italy 

Spain 

Japan 

England 

France 

France 

France 

Belgium 

France.. 

Japan 

Italy 

Sicily 

New  Jersey... 

Pnissia 

Italy 

Austria 

Greece 

Norway 

New  York 

France 

Japan 

Japan 

WUrtemberg.. 

Italy 

England 

Italy 

WUrtemberg.. 

Sweden 

New  York 

Netlicrlands.- 

Spain 

France 

Spain 

France 

Spaii 

Chili 

Bntgaiia. 

Hungary 

Spain 

Italy 

Italy 

Italy 

France 

Austria 

Belgium 

Russia 

Italy 

Austria 

France 


Population. 


1871.. 

180.3.., 

1871.., 

1870.., 

1871.., 

1871.., 

1870.., 

1870.., 

1871.., 

1870.., 

1871. 

1877., 

1871.. 

1871 

1871.. 

1879.. 

1871.. 

1870.., 

1870.. 


10,873 
124,691 
63,014 
10,0«i6 
27.738 
15,300 
18,.328 
27,705 
86,529 
22,08:1 

.  9l,02:i 
11,327 

.  98,242 
51,7(12 

.  134.747 
4,398 

.  20,0:J5 
43,0,'51 
70,179 


1870., 
1871., 
1800., 
1870., 
1870.. 
1807., 


8,443 
20,547 
11,080 
25,819 
21,779 
18,023 


1870., 
1808., 
1870., 
1871., 
1870., 
1870., 
1870., 
1809.. 
1870., 


18,029 
10,:i41 
32,223 
19,50(t 
10,1  o:j 
63.400 
18,0.31 
26,103 
20,261 


1872. 
1877. 
1807. 
1870. 
1870. 
1871. 
1871. 
1872. 


.  779,301 

.  67,003 

.  17,0;j:i 

.  31,684 

.  6,790 

.  66,092 

,  18,950 

,  24,702 


1871.. 
1872.. 
1872., 
1872.. 
1870.. 
1872.. 
1877.. 
1871.. 
1871.. 
1870., 
1870., 
1871., 
1870., 
1870., 
1865.. 
187(t., 
1872.. 


22,809 
69,127 

120,9:iG 
38,202 
SI,."!:!! 
42.4.'>0 
46,473 
24,020 
20,914 
22,874 
22.027 
10,824 

109,324 
7,020 
20,505 
40,405 
34,678 


1»70. 

1871. 

1871. 

1871. 

1871. 

1800. 

1870. 

1809. 

18C7. 

18T: 

186C., 

1.S6C., 

1807. 

1875. 

1881. 

1870. 

1800. 

1871. 

1871. 

1871., 

1806. 

1870. 

1809. 

1870. 

1871. 

1875. 

1872. 


..  10,471 

..  192,443 

..  .38,941 

..  22,004 

..  20,214 

..  10,708 

..  28,8(4 

..  69,970 

..  22,109 

..  20,470 

..  107,7(13 

..  22,080 

..  43.301 

..  97,737 

..  24,046 

..  49,15:i 

..  21,097 

..  128,(Ki4 

..  2(1,140 

..  00,049 

..  44,021 

..  19,»i4:! 

..  32,381 

..  12,(K)9 

..  20,944 
1,001,<.>99 

..  21,430 


891...  16,895 
890...  240,164 
1891...  70,263 
890...  14,424 
891...  49,731 
891...  24,027 
890...  23,884 

27,822 
123,499 

27,699 
l:i9,669 

13,000 
891...  l:J0,921 
SUl...  90,423 
38t',400 

22,l(i4 


1800. 
1890. 
1890. 
1890. 
1890. 


1891. 
1889. 
1879. 
1890. 
1890. 
1877. 
1877. 
1877. 
1875. 
1880. 
1881. 
1870. 
1890. 


24,l:i2 
8K,I43 
87,-.:10 
47,883 
24,094 
25,061 
17,496 
13,760 
26.246 
21,293 
20,097 


1890...  27,t.84 

1887...  27,228 

1879...  81,951 

1890...  25,448 

1878...  11,0:16 


1890.. 
1881.. 
1890.. 
1890., 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1890., 
1877.. 
1881. 


39,8.50 
22,7:3 
3(1,217 
72,08.1 
27,007 
34.4!t2 
24,o.'>0 
21,414 
11,500 


1890..1,389,0»4 
1890...  61,107 
1887...  20,837 
1890...  81,4:14 
1890...  31,0(>7 
1891...  181,220 
1881...  21..''.88 


1877.- 
1877.- 
1891... 

1880. 


24,057 
39,693 
7 1, .336 
7(1,122 


1880...  147.017 
1880...  58.008 


1890... 
1886... 
1890... 
1881., 


35,403 
6!l,586 
68.159 
25,173 


1881...  32,(i20 
189(1...  67,4.".8 
1890...  30,102 
1879...  28,:i97 
1890...  I,''.f-,:i44 
1<  1.098 


1891.. 
lS9i>.. 
1880... 
1877.. 
1877.. 
1890.., 


24,746 
(jO,966 
40.972 
21,981 
•/5.(i(t4 
13,275 


18.  0...  .320,8(i8 
1891...    40,207 


2:4,2.'i4 
30,2111 
21,511 
44,(«i7 
8(i,110 
22,014 
23.220 
170,703 
20,083 
62,012 
10t),.084 
25,2.% 
65,483 
24,3:52 
890...  16>i,010 
881...    20,106 


1881. 
1890. 
1890. 
1890. 
1890. 
1877. 
1870. 
1887. 
1870. 
1887. 
1889. 
IS88. 
1890. 
1877.. 


00.708 
51,079 
21,829 
50,223 
17,894 
27,094 
890..1, 304,648 
876...  26.501 


1881... 
1891... 
1890... 


1888. 
1881.. 


POPULATION  OP  THE   PRINCIPAL  CITIES  OF   THE   WORLD. 


COMPARATIVE  POPULATION  AT  DIFFERENT  DATES. 


City. 


Viereen 

Villavicioea... 

Viterbo - 

Vitoria 

Vittoria 

Vostizza 

Wakamatsoo. 
Wakayama... 

Walsall 

Warrington.. 

Warsaw 

Washington.. 

Waterford 

Weimar 

Wellington... 

Wexford 

Wheeling 

Wirtin 

Wiesbaden.... 

Wigan 

Wilkcsbarre.. 
Willianisport, 
Wilmington.. 


Prussia 

Spain 

ItHly „.. 

Spain 

Sicily 

Greece 

Japan 

Japan 

England 

England 

RM(^8ia 

Uist. Columbia 

Ireland 

Germany 

New  Zealand.. 

Ireland 

West  Virginia 

Bulgaria 

Prussia 

England 

Pennsylvania 
Pennsylvania 
Delaware 


Population. 


1870...    19.705 


1871., 
1867., 
1»71. 


16,326 

18,728 
17.821 


1877., 
1871., 
1871., 
1874.. 
1870., 
1871., 
1870., 
1871.. 
1871.. 
1870.. 


62,137 
4«,018 
3.3,0.tO 
302,475 
109,199 
2:t,349 
]7,.'i22 
7,908 
12,077 
19,280 


1870., 
1871., 
1870., 
1870., 
1870., 


43,(!74 
39,110 
10,174 
1«,030 
30,841 


1890. 
1877., 
1879. 
1887.. 
1881., 
1879., 
1877., 
1890., 
1891.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 
1890., 
1891.. 
1890., 
1891.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 
1881.. 
1890.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 


22,202 
20,179 
20,608 
27,660 
21,755 
6,311 
21,442 
56,713 
3J,791 
82,742 
443,426 
188,932 
21,693 
24,546 
31,021 
ll..'i41 
.34,522 
13,602 
64,693 
66,013 
37,718 
27,132 
61,431 


City. 


Wilmington 

Winterthur 

Witten 

Wolverhampton.. . 

Woonsocket , 

Worcester , 

Worms , 

WUrzburg , 

Xenday , 

Yaniagata 

Yarmouth  (Great). 

Yokohama 

Yonezawa 

Yonkers , 

York ., 

York. „ 

Zanesville 

Zante 

Zara 

Zitlau 

Zurich 

Zwickau 

ZwoUe 


State. 


N.  Carolina.... 
Switzerland..., 

Prussia 

England 

Khode  Island 
Massachusetts 

Germany 

Bavaria 

Japan 

Japan 

England 

Japan 

Japan 

New  York 

England 

Pennsylvania 

Ohio 

Greece 

Austria , 

Saxony , 

Switzerland... 

Saxony 

Netherlands.., 


Population. 


1870., 
1870., 
1870., 
1871., 
1870., 
1870., 
1870.. 
1870,, 
1877., 


1871., 
1872., 


1870., 
1871., 
1870., 
1870., 
1870.. 


13,446  j  1890. 
9,404  '  1880. 
18,106  1890. 
68,291  1891. 
Il,5i7  I  1890. 
41,la5  189U. 
16,.')<J7  1890. 
44,975  :  1890. 
62,074  1890 

I  1«77. 

34,462  1891. 
61,653  1890. 

I  1877. 

18,367  i  1890. 
43,796  1891. 
11,003  i  1890. 


10,011 
17,616 


1870., 
1870., 
1870., 
1869., 


20,417 
21,199 
31,491 
20,699 


189f», 
1890. 
1880. 
1890. 
1K88. 
1890. 
1890. 


,.  20,056 

.  13,396 

,.  26,314 

.  82,620 

.  20,8;$0 

.  84,656 

.  25,604 

.  60.844 

.  90,231 

.  24,142 

.  49,318 

.  121,986 

.  27,544 

.  32,033 

.  66,984 

.  20,793 

.  21,009 

.  16,603 

.  24.526 

.  26,394 

.  90.088 

.  44,202 

.  26,728 


ADDENDUM  TO  FOREGOING  TABLE. 


City. 


Ahmedabad 

Amritsir 

Angeles 

Ashton-undcr-Lyne 

Asuncion 

Bangalore 

Baroda 

Bayonne  City 

Birmingham 

Bogota 

Bootle 

Bournemouth 

Brockton 

Cambridge 

Cangozima 

Canton 

Caracas 

Carlisle 

CauquencB 

Chester 

Cheyenne 

Chilian 

Cienfuegos 

Cochabamba 

Colombo 

Cordoba 

Dacca 

Dallas 

Delhi 

Dover 

Duluth 

Exeter 

Findlay 

Fort  Worth 

Furruckabad 

Fyzabad 

Gelsenkirchen 

Georgetown 

Gloucester 

Grimsby 

Guadalajara 

Guanajuato 

Guayaquil 

Hakodadi 

Hanley 

Harburg 

Havana 

Helena 

Hiroshima 

Howrah 

Hyderabad 

Indore 

Jacksonville 

Jajpoor 

Joliet. 

Kanazawa 

Kansas  City 

Kingston 

Knoxville 

Kobe 

Kurrachee 

La  Crosse 


State. 


India 

India 

Chili 

England 

Paraguay  

India 

India 

New  Jersey.... 

Alabama 

Colombia 

England 

England 

Massachusetts 

England 

Japan 

Ohio 

Venezuela 

England 

Chili 

England 

Wyoming 

Chili 

Cuba 

Bolivia 

Ceylon 

ArgentiueBep 

India 

Texas 

India 

England 

Minnesota 

England 

Ohio 

Texas 

India 

India 

Prussia 

BritishGuiana 

England 

England 

Mexico 

Mexico 

Ecuador 

Japan 

England 

Prussia 

Cuba 

Montana 

Japan 

India 

India 

India 

Florida 

India 

Illinois 

Japan 

Kansas 

•Tamaica 

Tennessee 

Japan 

India 

Wisconsin 


Population. 


1881. 
1881. 


,  127,621 
,  155,896 


1881...    37,040 


1881. 
1881. 
1880. 
1880. 


,  155,857 
,  101,818 
,  9,372 
,      3,086 


1881., 
1881., 
1880., 
1881., 


27,374 
18,607 
13,608 
36,363 


1880., 
1881 !! 


12,268 
36,585 


1881., 
1880., 


80.794 
3,456 


1870...  100,238 


1881., 
1880.. 
1872.. 
1881., 
1880., 
1881.. 
1880.. 
1880.. 
1881.. 
1881.. 
1880.. 


79,076 

1(',.358 

154,417 

30,270 

8:i8 

37.665 

4,663 

6,663 

62,437 

43,927 

14,615 


1881. 
1881., 


36,542 
40,010 


1881., 
1875., 


48,361 
17,131 


1881. 


,  3,624 
'.  105,628 


1881., 
1880., 
1881., 
1880., 


75,401 

7,650 

142.578 

11,657 


1880.. 

isso'.! 


3,200 
9,693 


1881., 
1880., 


73,560 
14,506 


1891., 
1891., 
1889., 
1891., 
1890., 
1891., 
1891., 
1890., 
1890., 
1881,. 
18!«., 
1891., 
1890.. 
1891., 
18{K)., 
1890., 
1891., 
1891., 
1889.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 
1889.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 
1891.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1891.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1891.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1890,. 
1890.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1891.. 
1891.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 


145,990 

136,500 
51,:554 
40,494 
24,838 

179,670 

116,460 
19,033 
26,178 

11(),0(K) 
49,217 
37,660 
27,294 
36,983 
67,465 
26,189 
70,466 
39,176 
45,950 
37,106 
11,690 
00,767 
65,067 
40,000 

126,926 
66,000 
83,760 
38,067 

193,580 
33,418 
33,115 
37,.580 
18,553 
23,076 
78,180 
79,600 
28,i«3 
6.5,299 
39,444 
51,876 
83,122 
52,112 
40,000 
62,909 
64,846 
.36,090 

2.50,000 
13,834 
88,820 

129,800 

312,390 
92,170 
17,201 

158,890 
23,264 
94,257 
38,316 
40  (KX) 
22,635 

135,639 

104,250 
26,090 


City. 


Lahore 

Lancaster 

La  Paz 

Leon 

Leon 

Lincoln 

Lincoln 

Little  Kock 

Los  Angeles , 

Macon 

Madura 

Mandalay 

Matansas 

M6rida 

Mexico.  

Montevideo 

Mookan 

Mysore 

Nagpoor 

Nassau 

Newport 

Newton 

Ovalle 

Oxford 

Panama 

Parfi 

Patna. 

Pernambuco 

Peshawer. 

Poona 

Portland 

Puebla 

Pueblo 

Puerto  Principe... 

Queretaro 

Quito 

Rengo 

Rockford 

Rosario 

Saginaw 

San  Fernando 

San  Jose 

San  Luis  Potosi... 

San  Salvador 

Santiago  de  Cuba. 
Santo  Domingo.... 

Seattle 

Serinagur 

Sioux  City 

Somerville 

Southport 

Spokane  Falls 

Springfield 

Surat 

Tacona 

Trichinopoly 

Waterbury 

West  Hartlepool.. 

Wichita 

Worcester 

Youngstown 

Zacatecas 


State. 


India 

England 

Bolivia 

Mexico 

Nicaragua 

England 

Rhode  Island 

Arkansas 

California. 

Georgia 

India 

India 

Cuba 

Mexico 

Mexico 

Uruguay 

India 

India 

India 

N.  Providence 

England 

Massachusetts 

Chili 

England 

Colombia 

Brazil 

India 

Brazil 

India 

India 

Oregon 

Mexico 

Colorado 

Cuba 

Mexico 

Ecuador 

Chili 

Illinois 

ArgentineRep 

Michigan 

(hili 

Costa  Rica 

Mexico 

Salvador 

Cuba 

SantoDomingo 
Washington.... 

India  

Iowa. 

Massachusetts 

England 

Washington... 

Missouri 

India 

Washington.... 

India 

Connecticut.... 

England 

Kansas. 

England 

Ohio 

Blexico 


Population. 


1881...  149,369 
1881...    24,239 


1881...  37,313 

1880...  13,7f)5 

1880...  13,138 

1880...  11,183 

1880...  12,749 

1881...  73,807 


1881...  68,674 
1881...  60,292 
1881...    98,300 


1881...    38,469 
1880...    16,995 


1881...   40,872 


1881...  170,654 


1881...  69,292 
1881...  129,751 
1880...    17,577 


1880...     3,217 


1880...    13,129 
im."   29,541 


1880...     3,.533 


1880. 
1880. 
1881. 
18S0. 
1880. 
1881. 
1880. 


.  7,366 
.  24,93;i 
.    32,206 

aw 

.  6,522 
,109,840 
.      1,098 


1880.. 
1881.. 
1880., 
1881., 
18W)., 


17,806 
29.448 
4.911 
38,270 
15,436 


1891. 
1891. 
1890. 
1890. 
1890. 
1891. 
1890. 
1890. 
1890. 
189(1. 
1891. 
1891. 
1890. 
1890., 
1890., 
1888., 
1891., 
1891., 
1891., 
1890,, 
1891., 
1890., 
1889., 
1891., 
1881., 
1890., 
1891., 
1890.. 
1891., 
1891., 
1890., 
1890., 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1889.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1889.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1888.. 
18!K).. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1891.. 
1890.. 
1890.. 
1891.. 
1890... 
1891... 
1890... 
1891... 
1890... 
1891... 
1890... 
18t0... 

29 


.  176,720 

.    31,0:i8 

.     80,000 

.  120,000 

.     25,000 

.     41.491 

.     20,355 

.     25,874 

.    60,395 

.     22,746 

.    87,430 

,  187,910 

,     87,760 

.    40,000 

,  350,(K)(» 

,  176.000 

.     74,510 

,     73,680 

,  117,910 

.       .5,000 

.    64,696 

,     24.379 

,     60,719 

,    4,5,741 

,     30,W'0 

,     60.000 

167,.610 

130,<X)0 

,    83,930 

,  160,460 

,    46,386 

78.630 

24,658 

46,641: 

36,000 

80,000 

76,946 

23,584 

.    66,000 

46,322 

79,742 

2,"i,(KX) 

37,314 

16,327 

71,307 

26,(K)0 

42.837 

120,310 

37,t-06 

40,152 

43,026 

19,922 

21,860 

108,<K)fr 

36,000 

9(l,73ft 

28,646 

42,492. 

23,853 

42.906 

83,220 

36,000 


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IV. 
ALPHABETICAL  TABLE  OF  THE  COUNTIES 

IN  THB 

Ul>riTED  STATEa 


A  LIST  OF  COUNTIES  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES,  SHOWING  THEIR  lOCATION  IN  THEIR  RESPECTI^ 

STATES,  THEIR  AREA  AS  OFFICIALLY  ESTIMATED,  TOGETHER  WITH  THEIR  INCREASE 

OR  DECREASE  IN  POPULATION  ACCORDING  TO  THE  CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1880 

AND  1890,  AND  THEIR  POPULATION  PER  SQUARE  MILE  IN  1890. 

Abbbeviatioss.— On.,  central ;  E.Cen.,  east  central;  N.,  north  ;  N.Cen.,  north  central,-  N.E.,  northeast;  N.E.Cen.,  northeast  central; 
N.N.E.,  north-nortlienst ;  N.W.,  northwest;  A''. IT. Oen,  northwest  central;  N.N.W.,  north-nortliwest ;  S.,  south;  S.Cen.,  south  central; 
8.E,  southeast;  S.E.Cen.,  southeast  central;  S.8.E.,  south-southeast;  S.W.,  southwest;  S.W.Ceti.,  southwest  central;  S.S.TK.,  aoutJi- 
suuthwest;  W.,  west;  W. On.,  west  central ;  W.S. IK.,  west  southwest. 

CENSUS  KETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPAEED. 


Kame  of  county 
and  state. 


AbbeTllIe,  S.C 

Acadia,  La 

Accomack,  Va. 

Ada,  Idaho 

Adair,  Iowa...„ 

Adair,  Ky 

Adair,  Mo 

Adams,  III 

Adams,  Irid 

Adams,  Iowa. 

Adams,  Miss 

Adams,  Neb 

Adams,  0 

Adams,  Pa 

Adams,  Wash 

Adams,  Wis 

Addison,  Vt 

Aiken,  S.C 

Aitkin,  Minn 

Alachua,  Fla 

Alamance,  N.C 

Alameda,  Cal 

Albany,  N.Y 

Albany,  Wyo 

Albemarle,  Va 

Alcona,  Mich 

Alcorn,  Miss 

Alexander,  III 

Alexander,  N.C 

Alexandria,  Va 

Alger,  Mich 

Allamakee,  Iowa 

Allegan,  Mich 

Alleghany,  Md 

Alleghany,  N.Y 

Alleghany,  N.C 

Alleghany,  Pa. 

Alleghany,  Va 

Allen,  Ind 

Allen,  Kan 

Allen,  Ky 

Allen,  0 

Allred,  N.D 

Alpena,  Mich 

Alpine,  Cal 

Alluras,  Idaho 

Amador,  Cal 

Amelia,  Va 

Amherst,  Va 

Amite,  Miss „ 

Anderson,  Kan 

Anderson,  Ky 

Anderson,  S.C 

Anderson,  Tenn 

Anderson,  Tex 

Andrew,  Mo 

Andrews,  Tex 

Androscoggin,  Me 

Angelina,  Tex 

Anne  Arundel,  Md... 

Anoka,  Minn 

Anson,  N.C 

Antelope,  Neb 

Antrim,  Mich 

Apache,  Ariz 

Appanoose,  Iowa 

Appomattox,  Va 

Appling,  G» 


Area 

Population. 

Location 
in  state. 

in 
sq.m. 

1880. 

1890. 

Per  sq.m. 
1890. 

W.N.W. 

1,006 

40,815 

46,864 

46.74 

S.W.Cen. 

630 

13,231 

21.001 

E. 

500 

24,408 

27,277 

54.55 

s.w. 

2,500 

4,674 

8,368 

,3.3 

S.W.Cen. 

576 

11,667 

14,534 

25.2 

8.Cen. 

400 

13,078 

13,721 

34.3 

N.N.E. 

670 

15,190 

17,417 

30.5 

W. 

RiO 

59,135 

61,888 

74.5 

E.N.E. 

330 

15,385 

20,181 

61.1 

S.W.Cen. 

432 

11,888 

12,292 

28.2 

S.W. 

400 

22,649 

26,031 

65.07 

8.E.Cen. 

552 

10,235 

24,303 

44.02 

S. 

488 

24,006 

26,093 

53.4 

S.S.E. 

536 

32,455 

33,486 

62.5 

S.E.Cen. 

1,908 

2,098 
6,889 

1.09 

S.Cen. 

690 

6,741 

9.9 

W.Cen. 

734 

24,173 

22,277 

30.3 

S.W.Cen. 

1,068 

28,112 

31,822 

29.7 

E.Cen. 

1,900 

366 

2,462 

1.2 

N.Cen. 

1,282 

16,462 

22,934 

17.8 

N.Cen. 

446 

14,613 

18,271 

40.9 

W.Cen. 

704 

62,976 

93,894 

133.3 

E. 

499 

154,890 

164,555 

329.7 

S.E. 

4,500 

4,626 

8,865 

1.97 

Cen. 

675 

32;618 

82,379 

47.9 

E.N.E. 

700 

3,107 

6,409 

7.7 

N.E. 

410 

14,272 

13,115 

32.2 

S.W. 

2.30 

14,808 

16,663 

72.013 

W.Cen. 

278 

8,355 

9,430 

33.9 

N.E. 

32 

17,.546 

18,597 

581.1 

N. 

983 

690 

1,238 

1.2 

N.E. 

615 

19,791 

17,907 

29.1 

S.W. 

835 

37,815 

38,961 

46.6 

N.W. 

477 

38,012 

41,571 

87.15 

S.S.W. 

1,060 

41,810 

43,240 

40.7 

N.N.W. 

284 

5,486 

6,523 

22.9 

W.S.W. 

750 

355,869 

551,9.i9 

735.93 

w. 

510 

5,586 

9,283 

18.2 

E.N.E. 

650 

64,763 

66,689 

102.59 

S.E. 

604 

11,303 

13,609 

26.8 

S.Cen. 

335 

12,089 

13,692 

40.8 

W.N.W. 

447 

31,314 

40,644 

91.8 

W.N.W. 
N.E. 

4.50 
580 

"8,789 

*  15,581 

26.8 

E.Cen. 

755 

639 

667 

0.88 

S.Cen. 

6,700 

1,693 

2,629 

0.39 

Cen. 

568 

ll,:i84 

10,320 

18.3 

S.E.Cen. 

.380 

10,377 

9,068 

23.86 

S  W  Cen 

400 

S.W. 

700 

14,004 

18,198 

25.9 

E.S.E. 

570 

9,057 

14,203 

24.6 

N.Cen. 

200 

9,361 

10,610 

53.06 

N.W. 

690 

33,612 

43,696 

63.3 

N.E. 

360 

10,820 

15,128 

42.02 

E.Cen. 

1,000 

17,395 

20,923 

20.923 

N.W. 

420 

16,318 

16,000 

38.09 

W.N.W. 

1,500 

24 

0.016 

S.W. 

485 

45,042 

48,969 

100.9 

E. 

880 

6,239 

6,306 

7.1 

S.Cen. 

400 

28,526 

34,(»94 

85.2 

SE.Cen. 

430 

7,108 

9,8»»4 

22.9 

S.Cen. 

460 

17,994 

20,027 

43.5 

N.E.Cen. 

864 

3,693 

10,399 

12.03 

N.N.W. 

538 

5,237 

10,413 

19.3 

N.E. 

21,060 

6,283 

4,281 

0.23 

S.S.E. 

600 

16,6.36 

18,961 

37.9 

S.Cen. 

817 

10,080 

9,589 

30.2 

S.E.Cen. 

1,074 

6,277 

8.678 

8.08 

Name  of  county 
and  state. 


Aransas,  Tex 

'  Arapahoe,  Col 

i  Archer,  Tex 

I  Archuleta,  Col..„ 

!  Arenac,  Mich 

Arkansas,  Ark 

Armstrong,  Pa 

Armstrong,  Tex 

Aroostook,  Me 

Arthur,  Neb 

Ascension,  La 

Ashe,  N.C 

Ashland,  0 

Ashland,  Wis 

Ashley,  Ark 

Ashtabula,  0 

.\8otin,  Wash 

Assumption,  La. 

Atascosa,  Tex 

Atchison,  Kan 

Atchison,  Mo 

Athens,  0 

Atlantic,  N.J 

Attala,  Miss 

Avoyelles,  La 

Audrain,  Mo 

Audubon,  Iowa 

Auglaize,  0 

Augusta,  Va 

Aurora,  S.D 

Austin,  Tex 

Autauga,  Ala , 

Baca,  Col 

Bailey,  Tex 

Baker,  Fla 

Baker,  Ga 

Baker,  Ore „..., 

Baldwin,  Ala 

Baldwin,  Ga 

Ballard,  Ky 

Baltimore,  Md 

Bandera,  Tex 

Banks,  Ga 

Banner,  Neb 

Baraga,  Mich 

Barber,  Kan 

Barbour,  Ala 

Barbour,  W.  Va 

Barnes,  N.D 

Barnstable,  Mass 

Barnwell,  S.C 

Barren,  Ky 

Barron,  Wis 

Barry,  Mich 

Barry,  Mo 

Bartholomew,  Ind.... 

Barton,  Kan 

Barton,  Mo 

Bartow,  Ga 

Bastrop,  Tex 

Bates,  Mo. 

Bath.Ky 

Bath,  Va 

Baxter,  Ark 

Bay,  Mich 

Bayfield,  Wis 

Baylor,  Tex.._ 

Beadle,  S.D..... 


Location 
iu  state. 


8.S.E. 

Cen. 

N.Cen. 

S. 

E.N.E. 

E.S.E. 

W.Cen. 

N.N.W. 

N. 

W.Cen. 

S.E. 

N.W. 

N.Cen. 

N.N.W. 

S.E. 

N.E. 

S.E. 

S.E. 

S.Cen. 

N.E. 

N.W. 

S.E. 

8.S.E. 

E.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

N.E.Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

N.W.Cen 

S.E.Ceu. 

S.E. 

S.Cen. 

S.E. 

^.W. 

N.E. 

S.W. 

N.E. 

S.W. 

N.Cen. 

S.W. 

N.E. 

S.Cen. 

N.E. 

S.W. 

N.W. 

8. 

S.E. 

N.Cen. 

S.E. 

S.E. 

S.W. 

S.Cen. 

N.W. 

S.W.Cen. 

S.W. 

S.E. 

W.Cen. 

W.S.W. 

N.W. 

S.E.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

N.E. 

W.N.W. 

N.Cen. 

N.E. 

N.W. 

N.Cen. 

E.Cen. 


400 

5,220 
900 

1,100 
388 

1,062 
615 
900 

6,700 
720 
324 
436 
437 

1,648 
927 
700 
640 
335 

1,200 
423 
660 
485 
566 
750 
858 
680 
432 
398 
950 
725 
700 
660 

2,300 
900 
538 
865 

1,970 

1,620 
240 
250 
622 
970 
359 
756 
915 

1,134 
888 
895 

1,512 
373 

1,214 
445 
900 
680 
810 
400 
900 
612 
491 
960 
874 
270 
735 
645 
466 

1,406 
900 

l,t35 


Population. 


996 

38,644 

596 


2,931 
8,038 

47,641 
31 

41,700 


16,895 
14,437 
23,883 
l,.'i59 
10,156 
37,139 


1890.  ^Y^f  • 


17,010 
4,217 
26,668 
14,556 
28,411 
18,704 
19,988 
16,747 
19,732 
7,448 
25,444 
35,710 
69 
14,429 
13,108 


2,303 
7,307 
4,616 
8,6<»3 
13,806 
14,378 
83,336 
2,168 
7,337 


1,804 

2,661 
33,979 
11,870 

1,686 
31,879 
39,857 
22,321 

7,024 
25,317 
14,405 
22,777 
10,318 
10,332 
18,690 
17,215 
26,381 
11,982 

4,482 

6,004 

36,150 

564 

715 

1,290 


1,824 
132,135 

2,101 
826 

.6,683 
11,432 
46,747 
944 
49,589 
90 
19,645 
15,628 
22,223 
20,063 
13,295 
43,655 

1,680 
19,629 

6,459 
26,768 
15,533 
35,194 
28,836 
22,213 
25,112 
22,074 
12,412 
28,100 
37,006 

5,045 
17,859 
13,330 

1,479 


3,333 

6,144 

6,764 

8,941 

14,608 

8,390 

72,909 

3,795 

8,562 

2,435 

3,0,36 

7,973 

34,898 

12,702 

7,045 

29,172 

44,613 

21,490 

15,416 

23,783 

22,943 

2:5,867 

13,172 

18,.'>04 

20,616 

20,736 

32,223 

12,813 

4,587 

8,527 

66,412 

7,390 

2,695 

9,686 

81 


4.56 
25.3     ! 

2.33 

0.75  i 
14.6 
10.7 
76.01 

1.04    1 

7.4     J 

0.12    . 
00.3  .. 
35.iet 
50.8   ; 
12.1 
14.3 
62.3    ■ 

2.46 
58.5 

5.3 
63.2 
27.t 
72.7 
61.03  ' 
29.6  .J 
29.2 
32.4 
28.Y 
70.6 
38.9 

6.9 
25.5 
20.2    •, 

0.64 


6.1 
17.3 

3.4 

5.5 
60.8 
33.5 
117:2 

3.8 
23.8 

3.2 

3.4     ] 

7.0J 
39.2 
32.1 

4.6 
78.2 
36.7 
48.3 
17.1 
41.0t» 
28  3 
59.5 
14.6 
30.2 
41.9 
21.6 
36.8 
47.4 

6.2 
15.6 
126.3 

6.2 

2.8$ 

7.7     , 


AREA  AND  POPULATION  OF  THE  COUNTIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP  1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Kam*  of  oo««ty 
•ltd  Mat*. 


Bmt  laka,  Idaho..... 

BrMfort,  V.O. 

BMalbrt,  8.C... 

Bmtw,  OkU 

B««T«r,  P» 

D««var,  Utah 

Bmtm-  HmuI.  MohI... 

Btcker,  Mion 

BMlfon),  Pa „. 

Badford,  Teno 

BMlford,  Va._ 

B«*,Tes 

Belknap,  N.II 

B.II,  Ky 

Ball.Trx 

Belmont,  0 

Beltrami,  Minn 

Bennington,  Vt 

Benson,  N.D 

Bent,  Col 

BeotoD,  Ark 

Benton,  Ind 

Benton,  Iowa. 

Benton,  Minn 

Benton,  Min 

Benton,  Mo 

Benton,  Ore 

Uenton,  Tenn 

Beniie,  Micb 

Bergeu,  N.J 

Berkeley,  S.C 

Berkeley,  W.  Va 

Berks,  Pa. 

ISerkuhire,  Moss 

liernalillo,  N.M 

Kerrlen,  Ga. 

Berrien,  Mich 

Bertie,  N.CV 

Bexar,  Tex 

Hibl>,  Ala. 

Bibb,  Ga 

Bienville,  La 

Uigllorn,  Wyo 

Bie  Stone,  Minn 

BillingB,  N.D 

Bingham,  Idaho 

Blackford,  Ind 

Black  Hawk,  Iowa.... 

Bladen,  V.C 

Blaine,  Neb 

BUIr,  Pa. 

Blanco,  Tex 

Bland.  Va 

Bledwe,  Tenn 

Blount,  Ala. 

Blount,  Tenn 

Blue  Earth,  Minn 

B0U6,  Idaho 

Bolivar,  Miss. 

Bollinger,  Mo 

Bond,  III 

Bon  Homme,  H.V 

Boone,  .\rk 

Boone,  III 

Boone,  Ind 

Boone,  Iowa. 

Boone,  Ky 

Boone,  Mo 

Boone,  Neb 

Boone,  W.  Va. 

Borden,  Tex „.. 

Boreman,  S.D 

Boeque,  Tex 

BoMler,  La.„ 

Botetourt,  Va 

Bottineau,  N.D 

Boulder,  Col 

Bourbon,  Kan 

Bourbon,  Ky 

Bowie,  Tex 

Bowman,  N.D 

Box  Butle,  Neb 

Box  KIder,  Utah 

Boyd,  Ky 

Boyle,  Ky 

Bracken,  Ky 

Bradford,  Fla, 

Biadford,  Pa 

Bradley,  Ark 

Bradley,  Tenn 

Branch,  Mich 

Braxton,  W.  Va. 

Brazoria,  Tex 

Brazne,  Tex 

Breathitt,  Ky„ 

Breckenridge,  Ky..., 

82 


Location 
lu  tuta. 


S.K. 
E. 
8. 
N.W. 

8.W. 

8.W. 

N.W.Oen 

8.W. 

S.Cen. 

S.W.Oen. 

E.a.s. 

8.E.Cen. 

S.E. 

E.Oen. 

S.E. 

N.W. 

8.W. 

N.E.Cen. 

E.8.E. 

N.W. 

W.N.W. 

E.Oen. 

8.Cen. 

NE. 

W.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

N.W. 

N.W. 

N.E. 

S.E. 

N.E. 

S.E. 

N.W. 

N.W. 

S.Cen. 

S.W. 

N.E. 

8.C«n. 

N.W.Cen 

W.Cen. 

N.W. 

N.W. 

W.Cen. 

S.W. 

E. 

E.N.E. 

N.E.Cen. 

S.E  Ceu. 

N.Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

S.W. 

8.E.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

E.S.E. 

S.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

N.W. 

S.E. 

S.W.Cen. 

S.E. 

N.W. 

N.E. 

N.W  Cen 

N.E.Cen. 

N. 

N.Cen. 

E.r*n. 

S.W. 

N.W. 

N.N.W. 

N.E.Cen. 

N.W. 

S.W.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

S.E. 

N.E.Cen. 

N.E. 

S.W. 

N.W. 

N.W. 

N.E. 

E.Cen. 

N.E. 

N.E. 

N.N.E. 

S.S.E. 

S.E. 

S.Cen. 

Cen. 

S.E. 

E.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

N.W. 


Are* 

in 
•q.m. 


1,100 
TI8 
967 

4,068 
403 

S,TOi 

4,V00 

1,400 

1,000 
620 
670 
980 
892 
350 

1,000 
620 

6,040 
680 

1,368 

1,600 
891 
603 
720 
890 
436 
744 

1,370 
412 
340 
2:» 

1,742 
320 
901 
9.50 

8,628 
745 
670 
695 

1,180 
625 
2:« 
8^)5 
12,260 
450 

3,360 
10,500 
170 
576 
890 
720 
624 
710 
320 
3(J0 
752 
614 
750 

4,000 
876 
616 
380 
540 
672 
290 
420 
576 
270 
680 
692 
615 
940 

1,260 
980 
780 
648 

1,130 
790 
637 
244 
920 

1,224 

1,080 

7,016 
180 
180 
200 
660 

1,150 
755 
280 
504 
665 

1,440 
610 
450 
620 


PopulattoD. 


3,336 
17^74 
80,176 


39,605 

3,918 

2,712 

6,218 

34,929 

26,026 

31,206 

2,298 

17,948 

6,066 

20,618 

49,638 

10 

21,950 


1,664 
20,328 
11,108 
21,888 

3,012 
11,023 
12,.196 

6,40:} 

9,780 

3,433 
36,786 
61,633 
17,380 
122,597 
09,032 
17,225 

6,619 
36,785 
16,399 
30,470 

9,487 
27,147 
10,442 

""3,688 
1,.323 


8,030 
23,913 
16,158 


62,740 
3,583 
5,004 
5,617 
15,369 
15,985 
22,880 
3,214 
18,652 
11,130 
14,866 
5,468 
12,146 
11,508 
25,922 
20,838 
11,996 
25,422 
4,170 
6,8.'4 
35 
534 
11,217 
16,042 
14,809 

"'9,m 

19,691 
16,9.56 
10,965 


6,761 
12,165 
11,930 
13,609 

6,112 
68,641 

6,286 
12,124 
27,941 

9,787 

0,774 
1.3,576 

7,742 
17,486 


1890. 


8,067 
81,072 
34,110 

2,074 
6(»,077 

3,340 

4,nM 

9,401 
38,644 
24,739 
32,213 

3,720 
a<i,M21 
10,312 
3;j,n7 
67,413 
312 
20,448 

2,460 

1,313 
27,716 
ll.Oltt 
24,178 

6,-.>84 
10,.585 
14,973 

8,650 
11,230 

5,2:17 
47,226 
55,428 
18,702 
137,327 
81,108 
20,913 
10,094 
41,285 
19,176 
49,266 
13,824 
42,370 
14,108 

"6,722 

170 

13,575 

10,461 

24,219 

16,763 

1,146 

70,866 

4,649 

5,129 

6,134 

21,927 

17,589 

29,210 

3,.342 

29,980 

13,121 

14,550 

9,057 

15,816 

12,203 

26,572 

23,772 

12,246 

26,043 

8,683 

6,885 

222 


14,224 
20,3.10 
14,854 

2,893 
14,082 
28,575 
16,976 
20,-.i67 
6 

6,494 

7,642 
14,033 
12,948 
12,309 

7,516 
59,2:13 

7,972 
13,607 
26,791 
13,928 
11,506 
16,650 

8,7(e 
18,976 


Periq.m. 
189U. 


6.624 
S9.3 

35.27 

(1.6 
108.16 

1.2 

1.1 

0.71 
38.6 
47.5 
47.72 

3.7 
61.8 
2it.4 
:i3.l 
110  4 

0.06 
30.07 

1.8 

0.8 
31.1 
2:1.66 
3:1.5 
16.1 
24.2 
20.1 

6.3 
27.2 
15.4 
200.95 
31.8 
58.4 
152.3 
84.57 

2.4 
14.3 
72.4 
27.5 
41.7 
22.1 
180.2 
16.5 


12.7 

0.05 

1.2 
61.5 
42.04 
18.8 

1.5 
135.2 

6.5 
16.028 
20.4 
29.1 
28.6 
38.9 

0.83 
34.2 
21.3 
38.3 
16.7 
2.3.5 
42.07 
6i.2 
41.2 
45.3 
38.3 
12.5 
13.3 

0.23 

""uT 

26.06 

27.1 
2.56 

17.68 

44.8 

69.5 

22.02 
0.006 
6.08 
1.08 

77.9 

71.9 

61.8 

1.3.4 

51.6 

10.6 

48.5 

6.3.1 

24.6 
7.9 

.32.6 

19.3 

36.S 


Name  of  county 
and  state. 


Bremer.  Iowa. 

Brevard,  Fla 

llri-Mster.  Tex 

Briscoe,  Tex 

Drislol,  Mass 

Bristol,  R.I 

Brooke,  W.  Va 

BrooklnjM,  S.D 

Brooks,  Ga 

Broome,  N.Y 

Brown,  III 

Brown,  Ind 

Brown,  Kan 

Brown,  Minn 

Brown,  Neb 

Brown,  0 

Brown,  S.D 

Brown,  Tex 

Brown,  Wis 

Brule,  S.D 

Brunswick,  N.C 

Brunswick,  Va 

Bryan,  Ga 

Buchunan,  Iowa 

Buchanan,  Mo 

Buchanan,  Va 

Bucliel,  Tex 

Buckingham,  Va 

Bucks,  Pa 

Buena  Vista,  Iowa.... 

Buffalo,  Neb 

Buffalo,  S.D 

Buffalo,  Wis 

Buford,  N.D 

Bullitt,  Ky 

Bulloch,  Ga 

Bullock,  Ala 

Buucombo,  N.C 

Bureau,  111 

Burke,  Ga 

Burke,  N.C 

Burleigh,  N.D 

Burleson,  Tex 

Burlington,  N.J 

Burnet,  Tex 

Burnett,  Wis 

Burt,  Neb 

Butler,  Ala 

Butler,  Iowa 

Butler,  Kan 

Butler,  Ky 

Butler,  Mo 

Butler,  Neb 

Butler,  0 

Butler,  Pa 

Butte,  Cal 

Butte,  S.D 

ButU,  Ga 

Cabarrus,  N.C 

Cahell.  W.Va 

Cache,  Utah 

Caddo,  La 

Calaveras,  Cal 

Calcasieu,  La 

Caldwell,  Ky 

Caldwell,  La 

Caldwell,  Mo 

Caldwell,  N.C 

Caldwell,  Tex 

Caledonia,  Vt 

Calhoun,  Ala 

Calhoun,  Ark 

Calhoun,  Fla 

Calhoun,  Ga 

Calhoun,  III 

Calhoun,  Iowa 

Calhoun,  Mich 

Calhoun,  MIhs 

Calhoun,  Tex 

Calhoun,  W.  Va 

Callahan,  Texas. 

Callaway,  Mo 

Callaway,  Ky 

Calumet,  Wig 

Calvert,  Md 

Cambria,  Pa 

Camden,  Ga. 

Camden,  Mo 

Camden,  N.J 

Camden,  N.C» 

Cameron,  La 

Cameron,  Pa , 

Cameron,  Tex 

Camp,  Tex 

Campbell,  Ga. 

Campbell,  Ky 


Location 
in  state. 


N.E. 
8E. 
W. 
N.W. 

S.E. 

N.E. 

N. 

E.Cen. 

8. 

S.E.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

N.E. 

S.W.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

8.S.W. 

N.E. 

N.Cen. 

N.E. 

8.E.Cen. 

S.E. 

S.E.Cen. 

E.SE. 

N.E.Cen. 

W.N.W. 

S.W. 

w. 

S.Cen. 

S.E. 

N.W. 

Cen. 

S.E.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

N.W. 

N.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

S.E. 

W. 

N.W. 

E.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

S.E.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

N.W. 

E.N.E. 

S.Cen. 

N.E.Cen. 

S.E. 

8.W. 

S.E. 

E.Cen. 

S.W. 

W.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

W.N.W. 

W.Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

W. 

N. 

N.W. 

E.Cen. 

S.W. 

W.Cen. 

N.E.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

N.W. 

S.E.Cen. 

N.E. 

E.N.E. 

S.Cen. 

N.W. 

S.W. 

W.S.W. 

N.W.Cen 

S.Cen. 

N.E.Cen. 

E.S.E. 

N.W.Cen 

N.Cen. 

N.E.  Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

E.N.E. 

S.Cen. 

aW.Cen. 

S.E. 

S.Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

N.E. 

S.W. 

N.W.Cen 

S.E. 

N.E. 

N.W.Cen 

N. 


Area 

in 
sq.  m. 


432 

2,446 

2,610 
900 
657 
26 
84 
795 
629 
685 
300 
330 
576 
685 

1,020 
460 

1,720 
900 
530 
825 
805 
600 
400 
576 
420 
450 

1,440 
628 
610 
676 
882 
510 
657 

1,620 
272 
903 
040 
628 
870 

1,080 
6-20 

1.692 
*>40 
SCO 

1,000 
891 
468 
782 
676 

1,428 
452 
716 
583 
475 
795 

1,720 

2,335 
204 
392 
300 

1,090 
825 
980 

3,410 
315 
548 
430 
460 
600 
648 
640 
575 

1,080 
265 
26(1 
576 
720 
600 
600 
260 
900 
760 
434 
340 
218 
680 
769 
692 
220 
256 

1,652 
382 

1,900 
200 
230 
140 


Population. 


1880. 


14,081 
1,478 


12 

139,040 

11,394 

6,013 

4,066 

11,727 

49,483 

13,041 

10,264 

12,817 

12,018 


32,911 
353 

8,414 

34,078 

2:i8 

9,380 
16,707 

4,929 
18,546 
49,792 

6,(i94 


15,540 
68,656 
7,537 
7,511 
63 
15,528 


8,521 

8,06.3 

20,066 

21,009 

33,172 

27,128 

12,809 

3,246 

9,243 

55,402 

6,855 

3,140 

6,937 

19,640 

14,203 

18,586 

12,181 

6,011 

9,194 

42,579 

52,5:16 

18,721 


8,311 

14,964 

13,744 

12,662 

26,206 

9,094 

12,484 

11,2S2 

5,707 

13,646 

10,201 

11,757 

23,607 

10,591 

5,671 

1,580 

7,024 

7,467 

5,595 

38,452 

13,492 

1,739 

6,072 

3,453 

2:1,670 

13,295 

16,6:12 

10,638 

46,811 

6,183 

7,266 

62,942 

6,274 

2,416 

6,159 

14,950 

6,931 

9,970 

37,440 


1890. 


14,630 

3,401 

710 


186,466 
11,428 

6,660 
10,132 
13,070 
62,973 
11.951 
10,:i08 
20,319 
15,817 

4,.359 
29,899 
16,855 
11,421 
39,l(i4 

C,7:i7 
10,900 
17,245 

5,5-20 
18,997 
70,1(10 

6,867 

307 

14,38:', 

70,615 

13,548 

22,102 

903 

15,907 

803 

8,291 
l:i,712 
27,06:1 
35,206 
35,014 
28,.M)1 
14,039 

4,247 
13,001 
58,5-28 
10,747 

4,303 
11,060 
21,641 
15,463 
24,055 
13,950 
10,164 
15,454 
48,597 
55,339 
17,939 

i,o:i7 

10,.565 

18,142 

23,595 

15,509 

31,555 

8,882 

20,170 

13,186 

6,814 

15,152 

12,298 

15,709 

23,436 

33,8.35 

7,207 

1,081 

8,4:i8 

7,652 

13,107 

43,501 

14,6K8 

815 

8,1.55 

5,457 

25,131 

14,675 

16,039 

9,800 

66,375 

61,078 

10,040 

87,687 

5,607 

2,828 

7,238 

14,424 

6,624 

9,116 

44,208 


Per  sq.m. 

1800. 


33.8 
1.4 

0.2 

iiiVi  * 

457.1 
79.2 
12.74 
26.4 
91.9 
39.8 
31.2 
37.01 
26.0 

4.2 
64.0 

9.8 
12.6 
73.8 

8.1 
12.1 
28.7 
13.8 
32.9 
106.9 
13.03 

0.21 
22.0 
115.7 
23.6 
25.1 

1.9 
24.3 

0.49 
30.4 
15.18 
42.2 
56.1 
40.2 
20.3 
24.005 

2.51 
20.3 
08.055 
10.747 

4.9 
23.6 
27.6 
20.8 
10.8 
.30.8 
14.4 
20.5 
10-2.3 
60.6 
10.4 

0.4 
61.7 
46.2 
78.0 
14.2 
38.2 

9.06 

5.8 
41.5 
10.6 
35.2 
26.7 
31.5 
3(i.l 
52.8 
12.6 

1  5 
31.8 
29.43 
22.7 
6(1.4 
24.4 

1.6 
31.3 

0.06 
33.06 
33.8 
48.8 
45.2 
97.6 
79.28 
14.5 
398..57 
22.1 

1.8 
18.9 

7.5 
33.1 
39.6 
315.7 


AREA  AND  POPULATION  OF  THE   COUNTIES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OP    1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  county 
and  state. 


Campbell,  S.D 

Campbell,  Tenn 

Campbell,  Va 

Canadian.  Okla 

Cannon,  Tenn 

Cape  Girardeau,  Mo. 

Cape  May,  N..T 

Carbon,  Pa 

Carbon,  Wyo 

Carlisle,  Ky 

Carlton,  Minn 

Caroline,  Md 

Caroline,  Ya 

Carroll,  Ark 

Carroll,  Ga 

Carroll,  III 

Carroll,  Ind 

Carroll,  Iowa 

Carroll,  Ky 

Carroll,  Md 

Carroll,  Miss 

Carroll,  Mo 

Carroll,  N.H 

Carroll,  0 

Carroll,  Tenn 

Carroll,  Va 

Carson,  Tex 

Carter,  Ky 

Carter,  Mo 

Carter,  Tenn 

Carteret,  N.C 

Carver,  Minn 

Cascade,  Mont 

Casey,  Ky 

Cass,  III 

Cass,  Ind 

Cass,  Iowa 

Cass,  Mich 

Cass,  Minn 

Cass,  Mo 

Cass,  Neb 

Cass,  N.D 

Cass,  Tex 

Cafsin,  Idaho 

Castro,  Tex 

Caswell,  N.C 

Catahoula,  La 

Catawba,  N.C 

Catoosa,  Ga 

Cattaraugus,  N.Y 

Cavalier,  N.D 

Cayuga.  N.Y 

Cecil,  Md 

Cedar,  Iowa 

Cedar,  Mo 

Cedar,  Neb 

Centre,  Pa 

Cerro  Gordo,  Iowa.... 

Chaffee,  Col 

Chambers,  Ala 

Chambers,  Tex 

Champaign,  III 

Champaign,  0 

Chariton,  Mo 

Charles,  Md 

Charles  City,  Va 

Charles  Mix,  S.D 

Charlevoix,  Mich 

Charleston,  S.C 

Charlotte,  Va 

Charlton,  Ga 

Chase,  Kan 

Chase,  Neb 

Chatham,  Ga 

Chatham,  N.C 

Chattahoochee,  Ga.... 

Cliatooga,  Ga 

Chautauqua,  Kan 

Chautauqua,  N.Y 

Chaves,  N.M 

Cheatham,  Tenn 

Cheboygan,  Mich 

Cliehalis,  Wash 

Chemung,  N.Y 

Chenango,  N.Y 

Cherokee,  Ala 

Cherokee,  Ga 

Cherokee,  Iowa 

Cherokee,  Kan 

Cherokee,  N.C 

Cherokee,  Tex 

Cherry,  Neb 

Cheshire,  N.H 

Chester,  Pa 

Chester,  S.C 

Chester,  Tenn 


Location 
in  state. 


N.Cen. 

N.E.Cen 

S.W.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

Cen. 

S.E. 

S. 

E.Cen. 

S.E. 

W. 

N.E  Cen. 

E.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

N.W. 

W.N.W. 

N.W. 

N.W.Cen 

W.Cen. 

N. 

N.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

E.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

S.W. 

N.N.W. 

N.E. 

S.E. 

N.E. 

S.E. 

S.E.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

N.Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

S.W. 

N.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

E.S.E. 

E.S.E. 

N.E. 

S.Cen. 

N.W. 

N.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

N.W. 

S.W. 

N.E. 

N.W.Cen 

N.E. 

S.  E.Cen. 

w.s.w. 

N.E. 

Cen. 

N.Cen. 

Cen. 

E.Cen. 

S.E. 

E.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

N.Ceu. 

S.W. 

S.E.Cen. 

S.E.Ceu. 

N.W. 

S.E. 

S.Cen. 

S.E. 

S.E.  Cen. 

S.W. 

E.S.E. 

E.Cen. 

W.S.W. 

N.W. 

S.S.E. 

S.W. 

E.8.E. 

N.W.Cen 

N. 

W.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

N.E. 

N.W.Cen 

N.W.Cen 

S.E. 

W. 

N.E.Cen. 

N.N  W. 

S.W. 

S.E. 

N.Cen. 

S.W. 


Area 

in 

sq.  m. 


900 
488 
465 

1,125 
280 
5-10 
255 
412 

7,800 
190 
SCO 
31.') 
515 
669 
649 
440 
370 
670 
1C5 
420 
015 
C90 
907 
401 
600 
450 
900 
644 
50(J 
298 
610 
340 

2,600 
444 
360 
420 
676 
504 

2,990 
688 
630 

1,704 
950 

4,500 
840 
410 

1,380 
388 
149 

1,350 

1,612 
773 
375 
576 
496 
Tin 

1,145 
676 

1,150 
600 
840 

1,000 
447 
740 
460 
200 

1,130 
427 
193 
600 

1,055 
750 
888 
433 
784 
220 
331 
651 

1,020 

""4<)0 
815 

2,104 
436 
854 
686 
409 
676 
570 
630 

1,0110 

5,668 
784 
704 
570 
28S 


Population. 


60 
10,005 
36,250 


11,859 
20,998 

9,765 
31,923 

3,4.38 


1,230 
l.i,760 
17,243 
13,337 
16,901 
16,970 
18,.345 
12,351 

8,953 
30,992 
17,795 
23,274 
18,224 
10,416 
22,103 
13,323 


12,345 
2,168 

10,019 
9,784 

14,140 


10,983 
14,493 
27,611 
10,943 
22,009 
486 
22,431 
16,683 

8,998 
16,724 

1,312 


17,825 
10,277 
14,946 
4,739 
55,806 


6.5,081 
27,108 
18,930 
10,741 

2,899 
37,9:^2 
11,461 

6,512 
23,440 

2,187 
40,863 
27,817 
25,224 
18,548 

5,512 
407 

6,115 
51,167 
1('>,C53 

2,164 

6,081 

70 

45,023 

23,4.')3 

6,070 
10,021 
11,072 
65,342 

""7,956 

6,,')24 

U21 

43,065 

39,891 

19,108 

14,.325 

8,240 

21,905 

8,182 

16,723 


28,734 
8.3,481 
24,163 


3,510 
1.3,486 

41,087 

7,158 

12,197 

22,060 

11,268 

38,624 

6,867 

7,012 

5,272 

13,903 

16,681 

17,288 

22,.301 

18,320 

20,021 

18,828 

9,266 

32,376 

18,773 

25,742 

18,124 

17,560 

23,630 

15,497 

356 

17,204 

4,6.59 

13,389 

10,825 

16,.'>32 

8,755 

11,848 

15,963 

31,152 

19,646 

20,953 

1,246 

23,301 

24,080 

19,613 

2-.',.554 

3,143 

9 

16,028 

12,002 

18,689 

5,431 

60,866 

6,471 

65,302 

25,851 

18,2,53 

15,620 

7,028 

43,269 

14,864 

6,012 

20,319 

2,241 

42,1,59 

26,980 

26,254 

15,191 

5,066 

4,178 

9,686 

69,903 

15,077 

3,.335 

8,233 

4,807 

67,740 

25,413 

4,902 

11,202 

12,297 

75,202 

""8,845 
11,986 

9,249 
48,265 
37,776 
20,459 
15,412 
1.5,6,59 
27,770 

9,976 
22,975 

6,428 
29,679 
89,377 
26,660 

9,069 


Per  sq.m. 
1890. 


3.9 
27.6 
88.3 

6.3 
4,3.5 
40.85 
44.1 
93.7 

0.87 
40.06 

6.1 
44.1 
32.3 
20.2 
40.6 
41.6 
64.1 
32.6 
66.1 
76. 
30.5 
37.3 
19.9 
43.8 
39.3 
34.4 

0.3 
31.6 

9.3 
44.9 
21.2 
48.62 

3.3 
26.7 
44.3 
74.1 
34.1 
41.5 

0.41 
33.8 
46.4 
11.1 
23.7 

0.69 

0.01 
39.09 

8.7 
48.3 
36.4 
44.8 

4.29 
84.6 
66.2 
31.6 
31.4 

9.5 
37.8 
25.8 

6.75 
43.8 

2.6 
42.1 
60.3 
35.4 
33.02 
25.33 

3.09 
22.6 
310.3 
30.1 

3.1 
10.9 

6.4 
13;i.3 
32.4 
22.2 
33.8 
18.8 
73.7 

"22!  r 

14.7 

4.3 
110.6 
44.2 
34.9 
37.6 
27.1 
48.3 
18.8 
22.975 

1.1 
37.7 
11.6 
46.7 
31.4 


Name  of  county 
and  state. 


Chesterfield,  S.C... 

Chesterfield,  Va 

Cheyenne,  Col 

Cheyenne,  Kan 

Cheyenne,  Neb 

Chickasaw,  Iowa... 
Chickasaw,  Miss.... 

Chicot,  Ark 

Childress,  Tex 

Chilton,  Ala 

Chippewa,  Mich 

Chippewa,  Minn 

Chippewa,  Wis 

Chisago,  Minn 

Chittenden,  Vt , 

Choctaw,  Ala 

Choctaw,  Miss 

Choteau,  Mont , 

Choteau,  S.D 

Chowan,  N.C 

Christian,  III 

Christian,  Ky 

Christian,  Mo 

Church,  N.D , 

Churchill,  Nev 

Citnis,  Fla 

Clackamas,  Ore , 

Claiborne,  La 

Claiborne,  Miss 

Claiborne,  Tenn...., 

Clallam,  Wash 

Clare,  Mich 

Clarendon,  S.C 

Clarion,  Pa 

Clark,  III 

Clark,  0 

Clark,  SD 

Clark,  Wash 

Clark,  Wis 

Clarke,  Ala 

Clarke,  Ark 

Clarke,  Ga 

Clarke,  Ind 

Clarke,  Iowa 

Clarke,  Kan 

Clarke,  Ky 

Clarke,  Miss 

Clarke,  Mo 

Clarke,  Va 

Clatsop,  Ore 

Clay,  Ala 

Clay,  Ark 

Clay,  Fla 

Clay,  Ga 

Clay,  III 

Clay,  Ind 

Clay,  Iowa 

Clay,  Kan 

Clay,  Ky 

Clay,  Minn 

Clay,  Miss 

Clay,  Mo 

Clay,  Neb 

Clay,  N.C 

Clay,  S.D 

Clay,  Tenn 

Clay,  Tex 

Clay,  W.  Va 

Clayton,  Ga 

Clayton,  Iowa 

Clear  Creek,  Col 

Clearfield,  Pa 

Cleburne,  Ala 

Cleburne,  Ark 

Clermont,  0 

Cleveland,  Ark 

Cleveland,  N.C 

Cleveland,  Okla 

Clinch,  Ga „ 

Clinton,  III 

Clinton,  Ind 

Clinton,  Iowa 

Clinton,  Ky 

Clinton,  Mich 

Clinton,  Mo 

Clinton,  N.Y 

Clinton,  0 

Clinton,  Pa 

Clond,  Kan 

Coahoma,  Miss 

Cobb,  Ga 

Cochise,  Ariz 

Cochran,  Tex 

Cocke,  Tenn 

Cocomino,  Ariz 

Codington,  S.D 


Location 
in  state. 


N.E. 

S.E.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

N.W. 

W. 

N.E.Cen. 

N.E.Cen. 

S.E. 

N.W. 

Cen. 

E 

S.W.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

E.Cen. 

W.N.W. 

W.S.W. 

N.E.Cen 

N.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

N.E. 

S.Cen. 

SS.W. 

S.W. 

W.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

N.W. 

W.S.W. 

N.N.E. 

W.N.W. 

N.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

E.S.E. 

S.W.Cen 

N.E.Cen, 

S.W. 

N.W.Cen 

S.W.Cen 

S  W.Cen 

N.E.Cen. 

S.E. 

S.W.Cen 

S.S.W. 

N.E.Cen. 

E.S.E. 

N.E. 

N. 

N.W. 

E.Cen. 

N.E. 

N.E. 

W.S.W. 

S.E.Ceu. 

S.W.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

N  E.Cen. 

S.E.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

E.N.E. 

W.N.W. 

S.E.Ceu. 

S.W. 

S.E. 

N.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

N.E. 

N.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

E.N.E. 

N.Cen. 

S.W. 

S.E.Cen. 

S.W. 

S.E. 

S.E. 

S.W.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

E.Cen. 

S.E. 

S.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

N.E. 

S.W.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

N.E.  Cen. 

N.W. 

N.W.Cen 

S.E. 

N.W. 

E.S.E. 

N. 

N.E. 


986 
465 

1,800 

1,020 

3,288 
504 
620 
760 
750 
710 

1,600 
575 

1,980 
435 
51C 
916 
404 
27,280 
870 
220 
710 
708 
666 

1,020 

4,862 
592 

1,684 
800 
452 
472 

1,824 
580 
004 
580 
610 
393 
970 
648 

1,224 

1,100 
905 
140 
381 
432 
975 
200 
660 
510 
256 
815 
699 
608 
634 
192 
470 
361 
676 
660 
680 

1,009 
420 
415 
676 
160 
410 
260 

1,100 
325 
135 
745 
3v<0 

1,079 
545 
558 
496 
693 
420 

1,400 
988 
494 
400 
680 
220 
580 
440 
995 
384 
850 
720 
600 
379 

6,004 

840 

458 

21,000 

720 


Population. 


1880. 


16,345 

23,773 


37 

1,558 

14,534 

17,905 

10,117 

25 

10,793 

6,248 

6,408 

16,491 

7,982 

32,792 

10,793 

9,o;i0 

3,058 


7,900 
28,227 
31,682 

9,628 


■man      ^e""  sq.m. 
^^^-         1890. 


479 


9,260 

1^837 

16,768 

13,373 

638 

4,187 

18,263 

49,328 

21,894 

41,948 

114 

6,490 

10,715 

17,800 

15,771 

11,702 

28,010 

11,513 

103 

12,115 

15,021 

16,031 

7,682 

7,222 

12,938 

7,213 

2,838 

6,650 

16,192 

26,854 

4,248 

12,320 

l(t,222 

6,887 

17,367 

15,672 

11,294 

3,316 

5,001 

6,987 

5,045 

3,460 

8,027 

28,829 

7,823 

43,408 

10,976 


14,808 
"2*'l56 


18,468 

26,211 

534 

4,401 

5,693 

15,019 

19,891 

11,419 

1,175 

14,549 

12,019 

8,555 

25,143 

10,:i.59 

35,389 

14,,549 

10,847 

4,741 

8 

9.167 

30,531 

34,118 

14,017 

74 

703 

2.394 

16,233 

23,312 

14,516 

15,103 

2,771 

7,558 

23,233 

36,802 

21,899 

52,277 

0,728 

11,709 

17,708 

22,624 

20,997 

15,186 

30,259 

11,332 

2,.357 

15,434 

1,5,826 

15,126 

8,071 

10,016 

15,765 

12,2(J0 

6,1,54 

7,817 

16,772 

30,536 

9,309 

16,146 

12,447 

11,517 

18,607 

19,856 

16,310 

4,197 

7,.509 

7,200 

7,503 

4,6.59 

8,295 

26,733 

7,184 

69,565 

13,218 

7,884 

33,  ,563 

11,362 

20,394 

6,605 

6,652 

17,411 

27,370 

41,199 

7,047 

26,509 

17,138 

46,437 

24,240 

28,685 

19,295 

18,342 

22,286 

6,938 

'l6,'523 

"'7,037 


18.7 

66.3 

0.29 

4.3 

1.7 
20.8 
38.2 

15.02 

1.5 
20.4 

7.4 
14.8 
12.7 
23.8 
68.5 
15.8 
20,8 

0.13 

0.009 
41.6 
43.001 
48.1 
25.2 

0.072 

0.14 

4.04 

8.5 
29.1 
32.1 
33.5 

1.5 
13.03 
34.9 
63.4 
42.9 
13;i.02 

6.9 
18.07 
14.4 
19.5 
23.1 
108.4 
79.4 
26.2 

2.4 
69,3 
23.9 
29.6 
31.6 
12.2 
26.3 
21.6 

8.12 
40.7 
35.6 
84.5 
16.1 
24.4 
21.4 
11.4 
44.3 
47.8 
28.3 
26.2 
18.3 
27.1 

6.82 
14.3 
61.4 
35.8 
18.4 
64.2 
24.2 
14.1 
67.64 
16.3 
48.5 

4.6 

6.73 
37.4 
60.8 
00.5 
32.03 
45.7 
38.8 
46.6 
63.1 
33.7 
26.7 
36.6 
68.8 

1.15 


36.07 
"g.f" 


83 


AREA.  AND  ^POPULATION  OF  THE  COUNTIES  OT  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CEVSU6  RETDBN8  OF  1880  AND  1890  COMPAKED. 


K«iiK>  of  rannty 
•ml  (UU*. 


OofK  AU...... 

0>IK  OtL. 

OMIM,  Teau 

Cbll^r.KMi 

Cuk«,T«s..- 

Oi>itMirt,  Ala. 

Ooto,  Mo. - 

CMMwn,  Tox 

CMm,  111 ~. 

OoMto,  N«b. ..- 

0>Mm,  N.M 

OoUMon,  8.C- 

Oollin.  Tei 

Collingiworth,  Toe. 

Colonulti,  Tex 

Colquitt,  Ok. 

Coluraliia,  Ark......... 

Columbia,  FU. 

Oolumbin,  Ga. 

Coluaibia,  N.Y 

Oolninl>iii,  Ore..„ 

Coluint>ia,  !■> 

Columbia,  Waab. 

Columbia,  Wis 

Columbiana,  0 

ColnmMu,  N.C 

Cola3a,Cal „ 

Comal,  Tex 

Comanche,  Kan 

Comanclie,  Tex 

Concho,  Tex.... 

Conconiiii,  La. 

Conecuh,  Ala 

ComtJoa,  Col 

Contra  Coeta,  Cal 

Convefie,  Wyo 

Conwav,  Ark 

Cook,  III 

Cook,  Hiun _ 

Cooke,  Tex 

Cooper,  llo 

Coo^  N.H 

Coos,  Ore 

Coo»i,  Ala - 

Co|iiali,  Misa 

Cortland,  N.Y 

Corj-ell,  Tex 

Coshocton,  0._ 

Coatilla,  Col 

Cottle,  Tex 

Cottonnood,  Minn.... 

Covington,  Ala 

Covington,  Mim 

CpweLt,  Go. 

Cowley,  Kan._ 

Ck>wlit7.,  Waah 

Craig,  Va 

Craighead,  Ark 

Crane,  Tex 

Craven,  N.C 

Crawford,  Ark 

Crawford,  Ga 

Crawford,  III „ 

Crawford,  Ind „., 

Crawford,  Iowa 

Crawford,  Kan 

Crawford,  Mich 

Crawford,  Mo 

Crawford,  0 

Crawford,  Pa._ 

Crawford,  Wia. 

Crenshaw,  Ala 

Crittenden,  Ark 

Crittenden,  Ky 

Creckett,  Tenn._ 

Crockett,  Tex- 

Crook,  Ore _ 

Crook,  Wyo 

Crueby,  Tex 

Croan,  Ark 

Crow  Wing,  Minn.... 

Cullman,  Ala 

Culpeper,  Va 

Cumberland,  III 

Cumberland,  Ky..„.. 

Cumberland,  Me 

Cumljerlaiid,  N.J 

Cumberland,  N.C 

Cnmherland,  Pa. 

Cumberland,  Tenn... 

Cumberland,  Va. 

Cuming,  Neh„ 

Cnrrituck,  N.C 

Curry,  Ore 

CnaUr,Col 

Cuitar,  IddM_......... 

84 


lioeaiion 
111  etate. 


tkCeo. 

&Oen. 

K.CeD. 

W.Cau. 

V.'W. 

ICCen. 

WiCen. 

E.CVn. 

KCeD. 

M.K. 

S. 

N.N.K 

N.W. 

8.E.0eii 

8.W.Ceil. 

8.W. 

U.K. 

NJS. 

B.8.E. 

N.W. 

EiCen. 

8.E. 

8.0en. 

^E.N.£. 

8.K. 

N.W. 

8.0en. 

8.W.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

E. 

S.Oen. 

8. 

W.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

N.E. 

N.E. 

N.Cen. 

Cen. 

N. 

s.vr. 

E.Cen. 

8  W.Cen. 

8E.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

N.E.Oen. 

8. 

N.W.Cen 

8.W.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

8.Cen. 

W.N.W. 

8.8.  E. 

S.W. 

w. 

NJE. 

"W.Cen. 

K 

W.N.W. 

W.Cen. 

E.8.E. 

8.E.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

S.E. 

N.Cen. 

8.£.Cen. 

R.  Cen. 

N.W. 

8.W. 

8.Cen. 

K.N.B. 

W.N.W. 

W.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

Cen. 

N.E. 

N.W. 

E.N.E. 

N.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

N.E.CeD. 

E.8.E. 

8.Cen. 

8.W. 

8.W. 

S.E.Ceo. 

8.E.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

S.K.Cen. 

N.S. 

N.C 

8.W. 

Can. 


Ar«a 

in 
■I  m 


728 
1,MA 

aoo 

048 
tKN) 
MM 
SIM) 

1,2«0 
620 
400 

0,60U 

lAtto 

8811 
000 
000 
650 

&eb 

862 
33» 

eoi 

480 
864 
780 

e-ts 

040 
2,450 
680 
796 
060 
1,0)0 
680 

mi 

1,200 
810 

6,600 
493 
960 

1,620 
020 
662 

1,771 

1,760 
«84 
700 
480 

1,000 
WW 

1,720 

1,080 
6)0 
994 
670 
600 

1,122 

1,124 
381 
668 

1,000 
792 
682 
824 
452 
270 
720 
692 
680 
710 
393 

1,010 
635 
640 
614 
S40 
£00 

3,6)0 

8,150 

6,250 
900 
672 
660 
677 
822 
350 
3)6 

1,005 
505 
794 
660 
670 
290 
676 
217 

1,690 
720 

3,600 


Population. 


1880.        1890.     ^r^,- 


8,110 

6,<no 

12, 8M 
1I,4U8 


16,163 
16,616 

3,UU3 
27,042 

6,688 

a,3U8 

S0,.186 

25,983 

6 

16,673 

2,527 
14,000 

0,589 
10,465 
47,928 

2,042 
32,400 

7,103 
28,065 
48,002 
14,439 
13,118 

6,646 
372 

8,608 

800 

14,914 

12,006 

6,005 
12,625 


12,756 

607,624 

6.5 

20,391 

21,596 

18,580 

4,8:14 

15,113 

27,552 

25,825 

10,024 

26,642 

2,878 

24 

3,533 

6,639 

6,993 

21,109 

21,5;J8 

2,062 

3,794 

7,037 


19,729 
14,740 

8,056 
16,197 
12,356 
12,413 
ie,K51 

1,159 
10,750 
30,683 
68,607 
18,044 
11,726 

9,415 

11,688 

14,109 

127 


239 

82 

6,030 

2,319 

6,856 

18,408 

13,759 

8,894 

86,359 

37,687 

2:<,836 

45,977 

4,.W8 

10,540 

6,569 

6,470 

1,208 

8,080 


12,170 

10, 483 

ia,8-/7 

18,«6« 

2,060 

80,189 

17,281 

6,112 

30,098 

10,453 

•7,074 

40,293 

36,730 

367 

10,612 

4,794 

19,80:i 

12,877 

11,281 

4<1,I72 

6,191 

36,832 

6,709 

28,350 

69,020 

17,580 

M,640 

6,398 

2,6M) 

16,608 

1,065 

14,871 

14,.504 

7,193 

13,516 

2,7;J8 

19,469 

1,191,922 

98 

24,606 

22,707 

2:3,211 

8,874 

16,900 

30,233 

28,067 

10,873 

26,703 

3,491 

240 

7,412 

7,530 

8,299 

22,364 

34,478 

6,917 

3,835 

12,0-25 

16 

20,533 

21,713 

9,315 

17,283 

13,941 

18,894 

30,280 

2,962 

11,961 

31,9-27 

65,324 

15,987 

16,425 

13,940 

13,119 

15,146 

194 

3,244 

2,338 

346 

7,063 

«,862 

13,439 

13,233 

16,443 

8,452 

90,949 

45,438 

27,321 

47,271 

6,376 

9,482 

12,265 

■6,747 

1,709 

2,970 

2,176 


16,7 

0.14 
88.4 
24.4 

2.28 

3.703 
44.3 

4.7 
67.8 
20.1 

1.208 
!}0.9 
41.7 

0.30 
21.68 

8.72 
24.1 
14.9 
3:».8 
66.82 

7.:i4 
76.7 

7.76 

36.:i4 

109.72 

18.7 

6.0 
11.02 

3.2116 
16.3 

1.05 
21.8 
18.1 

6.99 
16.6 

0.41 

39.4 

1241.5 

0.064 
20.8 
40.4 
13.1 

6.06 
23.2 
39.78 
69.7 
16.8 
48.6 

2.029 

0.22 
11.6 

7.6 
14.6 
44.1 
30.7 

6.26 
10.00 
18.001 

0.015 
25.9 
37.3 
28.7 
38.2 
61.6 
26.2 
61.1 

6.96 
16.8 
81.2 
64.6 
29.8 
24.1 
22.8 
88.6 
58.2 

0.056 

0.39 

0.44 

0.38 
11.8 
16.09 
23.2 
41.09 
44.1 
26.8 
90.4 
89.9 
34.4 
64.4 

9.3 
32.69 
21.2 
81.09 

1.07 

4.12 

0.621 


Name  of  county 
and  state. 


Coater,  Mont...... 

Custer,  Neb 

Cnstwr,  8.D 

Cuyahoga,  O 

Dado,  Fla> 

Dade,  Ga 

Dade,  Mo 

Dakota,  Minn 

Dakota,  Neb 

Dale,  Alii 

Dallam,  Tex 

Dallaa,  Ala 

Dalla«,  Ark 

Dallas,  Iowa 

Dallas,  Mo 

Dallas,  Tex 

Dane,  Wis 

Dare,  N.C 

Darke,  0 

Darlington,  8.0 

Daupliiii,  Pa 

Davidson,  N.C 

Davidson,  Tenn 

Davie,  N.C , 

Daviess,  Ind 

Daviess,  Ky 

Davic-SH,  Mo 

Davis,  Iowa 

Davis,  Utah 

Davison,  8.D 

Dawes,  Neb 

DawBiiu,  Ga 

Dawson,  Mont 

Dawson,  Neb 

Dawson,  Tex 

Day,  8.D 

Deuf  Smith,  Tex 

Dearborn,  Ind 

Decatur,  Oa 

Decatur,  Ind 

Decatur,  Iowa 

Decatur,  Kan 

Decatur,  Tenn 

Deer  Lodge,  Mont.... 

Defiance,  0 

De  Kalb,  Ala 

DeKHlb,Gn 

De  Kulb,Ill 

De  Kalb,  Ind 

De  KnIb,Mo 

De  Kalb,  Tenn 

Delano,  S.D 

Delaware,  Ind 

Delaware,  Iowa. 

Delaware,  N.Y 

Delaware,  0 

Delaware,  Pa 

Del  Norte,  Cal 

Delta,  Col 

Delta,  Mich 

Delta,  Tex 

Dent,  Mo 

Denton,  Tex 

Desha,  Ark 

Des  Moines,  Iowa 

DeSoto,  Fla 

DeSoto,  La 

DeSoto,  Miss 

Deuel,  Neb 

Deuel,  S.D 

Dewev,  S.D 

DeWitt,  111 

De  Witt,  Tex 

Dickens,  Tex 

Dickenson,  Va. 

Dickey,  N.D 

Dickinson,  Iowa 

Dickinson,  Kan 

Dickinson,  Mich 

Diclison,  Tenn 

Dimmit,  Tex 

Dinwiddie,  Va 

Dixon,  Neb 

Doddridge,  W.  Va 

Dodge,  Ga 

Dodge,  Minn » 

Dodge,  Neb 

Dodge,  Wis 

Dolores,  Col 

Donna  Ana,  N.M 

Doniphan,  Kan 

Doniey,  Tex 

Dooly,  Ga 

Doi>r,  Wis 

Dorchester,  Md 

Dougherty,  Md 


Locntion 
in  state. 


8.E. 

Con. 

S.W. 

N.E. 

S.E. 

N.W. 

S.E.Oen 

S.E. 

N.E. 

8.R. 

N.W. 

S.W.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

N. E.Cen 

S.Cen. 

N.E. 

W.Cen. 

N.E. 

S.K.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

N.Cen 

N.W.(Vn 

W.8.W. 

N.N.W. 

N.W.Cen 

S.E. 

N.Cen. 

S.E. Cen. 

N.W. 

N.Cen. 

N.E. 

S.Cen. 

W.N.W. 

N.E. 

N. 

E.S.E. 

S.W. 

S.E.ren. 

S.S.W. 

N.W. 

W.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

N.W. 

N.E. 

N.W.Cen 

N.E. 

N.E. 

N.W. 

Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

E.Cen. 

N.E. 

S.S.E. 

N.Cen. 

S.E. 

N.W. 

E.Cen. 

N.N.E. 

N.E. 

S.E.Cen. 

N.E. 

S.E. 

S.E. 

S.Cen. 

N.W. 

N.W. 

W.Cen. 

N.E. 

NCen. 

N.Cen. 

S.E.Cen. 

N.W. 

W. 

S.E. 

N.W. 

N.E.Cen. 

N. 

N.Cen. 

S.W. 

S.E.Cen. 

N.E. 


S.Cen. 

S.E.Cen. 

E.N.B. 

S.E.Cen. 

S.W. 

S. 

N.E. 

N. 

S.W.Cen. 

N.E. 

S.E. 

8.W. 


Area 

In 
■q.  m. 


20fim 
2,592 
1,615 

480 

6,036 
180 
600 
675 
280 
600 

1,400 
9,54 
676 
670 
630 
900 

1,200 
240 
600 
673 
610 
680 
508 
296 
430 
410 
676 
500 
290 
4:« 

1,4(14 

192 

26,680 

1,028 
900 

1,080 

1,380 
287 

1,106 
880 
534 
900 
310 

5,085 
414 
700 
2(J9 
660 
370 
440 
310 

1,045 
4U0 
676 

1,557 
452 
200 

1,500 

1,150 
718 
260 
720 
900 
733 
400 

3,272 
865 
480 

2,139 
630 

2,235 
405 
880 
840 
375 

1,152 
408 
851 
800 
620 

1,100 
629 
468 
475 
414 
430 
620 
000 

1,000 

8,992 
378 
900 
705 
450 
610 
812 


Population. 


1880.        1890.     ''*5l8W°'" 


2,610 

2,211 

U55 

106,943 

257 

4,702 

12,667 

17,:i91 

3,213 

12,677 


48,4:» 

6,505 

18,746 

9,203 

3:i,478 

63,2;w 

3,243 

40,496 

25,622 

70,148 

2o,:J33 

79,020 

11,090 

21,562 

27,730 

19,145 

16,468 

6,279 

1,266 


5,837 

180 

2,909 

24 

97 

38 

26,671 

10,072 

19,779 

l.'),336 

4,180 

8,498 

8,876 

2-2,515 

12,075 

14,497 

20,708 

20,2-25 

13,334 

14.813 


22,926 
17,950 
42,721 
27,381 
60,101 
2,584 


0,812 
6,597 
10,640 
18,143 
8,973 
33,099 


15,603 
22,924 


2,302 

46 

17,010 

10,082 

28 


1,901 
15,251 


12,460 

605 

13,719 

4,177 
10,652 

6,358 
ll,:i44 
11,26:1 
46,931 


7,612 
14,257 
160 
12,420 
11,045 
23,110 
12,622 


6,808 

21,(07 

4,891 

309,970 

801 

5,707 

17.520 

20,240 

5,380 

17,226 

112 

49,360 

9,296 

20,479 

1'2,»M7 

67,042 

69,579 

3,708 

4-2,961 

29,i:J4 

06,977 

21,702 

108,174 

11,021 

26,227 

3;{,I20 

20,450 

15,268 

6,761 

6,449 

9,722 

6,612 

2,fl5<i 

10,129 

29 

9,108 

179 

23,:i04 

19,949 

19,277 

16,043 

8,414 

8,995 

15,155 

25,709 

21,100 

17,189 

27,006 

24,:J07 

14,539 

16,060 

40 

30,131 

17,:«9 

45,496 

27,189 

74,683 

2,592 

2,.534 

15,3:10 

9,117 

12,149 

21,289 

10,:i24 

35,:)24 

4,944 

19,86(J 

24,183 

2,893 

4,574 


17,011 
14,307 
295 
6,077 
5,573 
4,:i-'8 
22,273 


13,645 

1,049 

13,515 

8,084 

12,183 

11,452 

10,804 

19,260 

44,984 

1,498 

9,191 

13,.5:!5 

1,056 

18,146 

15,682 

24,«43 

12,206 


AREA  AND  POPULATION  OF  THE   COUNTIES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kftine  of  county 
and  state. 


Douglas,  Col 

Doug;lii3,  (>a 

Douglas,  III 

Douglas,  Kan 

Duuglas,  Minn 

Douglas,  Mo 

Douglas,  Neb 

Douglas,  Nev 

Douglas,  Ore 

Douglas,  S.D 

Douglas,  Wash 

Douglas,  Wis 

Drew,  Ark 

Du  Duis,  Ind 

Dubuque,  Iowa 

Dukes,  Mass 

Duuii.v,  Neb 

Dunklin,  <Mo 

Dunn,  N.D 

Dunn,  Wis 

Du  Page,  111 

Duplin,  N.C 

Durham,  N.C 

Dutchess,  N.Y 

Duval,  Fla 

Duval,  Tex 

Dyer,  Tenn 

Eagle,  Col 

Karly,  Ga 

Kast  Baton  Ituiige,  La 

East  Carroll,  La 

East  Feliciana,  La.... 

Eastland,  Tejc 

Eaton,  Mich... 

Eau  Claire,  Wis 

Echols,  Ga 

Ector,  Tex 

Eddy,  N.D 

Eddy,  N.M 

Edgar,  III 

Edgecombe,  N.C 

Edgefield,  SC 

Edmonson,  ICy 

Kdniunds,  S.D 

K.Uvards,III 

Edwards,  Kan 

Edwards,  Tex 

Effingham,  Ga 

Effingham,  111 

Elbert,  Col 

Elbert,  Ga 

El  Dorado,  Cal 

Elizabeth  City.Va.... 

Elk,  Kan 

Elk,  Pa 

Elkhart,  Ind > 

Elko,  Nev 

Elliot,  Ky 

Ellis,  Kan 

Ellis,  Tex 

Ellsworth,  Kan 

Elmore,  Ala 

Elmore,  Idaho 

El  Paso,  Col 

El  Paso,  Tex 

Emanuel,  Ga 

Emery,  Utah 

Emmet,  Iowa 

Emmet,  Mich 

Emmons,  N.D 

Encinal,  Tex 

Erath,  Tex 

Erie,  N.Y 

Erie,  0 

Erie,  Pa 

Escambia,  Ala 

Escambia,  Fla 

Esmeralda,  Nev 

Essex,  Mass 

E88ex,N..r 

Essex,  N.y 

Essex,  Yt 

Essex,  Va 

Estill,  Ky 

Etowah,  Ala 

Eureka,  Nev 

Ewing,SD 

Fairfax,  Va 

Fairfield,  Conn 

Fairfield,  0 

Fairfield,  S.C 

Fall  River,  S.D 

Falls,  Tex 

Fannin,  Ga 

Fannin,  Tex 

Faribault,  Minn 


Location 
in  state. 


N.E.Cen. 
N.W.Ceu 
E.Cen. 

E.N.E, 

W.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

K. 

W. 

s.w. 

S.S.E. 

E.Cen. 

NW. 

SE. 

SW. 

N.E. 

S. 

S.W. 

S.E. 

W.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

N.E. 

S.E.Cen. 

N.E.Cen. 

E.SE. 

N.E. 

S.Cen. 

N.W. 

N.W.Cen 

S.W. 

S.ECen. 

N.E. 

E.Cen. 

N.E.Cen. 

S  Ceil. 

W.Cen. 

S.E. 

S.W.Cen. 

E  Cen. 

S.E. 

E. 

N.E.Cen. 

E. 

S.W.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

s!w  Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

E. 

S.E.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

E.N.E. 

E.N.E. 

S.E. 

S.E. 

N.E.Cen. 

N.E. 

N.E. 

N.E. 

N.W.Cen 

N.E.  Cen. 

Cen. 

E.Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

S.W. 

E.Cen. 


N.W. 
N.W. 

S.Cen. 

S.W. 

N.E.Cen 

W. 

N. 

N.W. 

S.S.W. 

N.W. 

S.W. 

N.E. 

N.E. 

N.E. 

N.E. 

E.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

E.N.E. 

N.E.Cen. 

N.W. 

N.E. 

S.W. 

S-E.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

S.W. 

E.Cen. 

N. 

N.E. 


840 

178 
410 
469 
720 
792 
3:i0 
892 

4,875 
4.W 

4,5.52 

1,:«6 
802 
410 
fiOO 
124 
912 
500 

1,152 
8GC 
340 
828 
292 
853 

9tm 

1,750 

495 

1,C00 

429 

450 

400 

485 

900 

580 

G4S 

390 

900 

C48 

6,8(H) 

630 

520 

775 

348 

1,154 

220 

612 

2,020 

449 

490 

1,880 

406 

1,790 

50 

651 

760 

470 

17,652 

270 

625 

950 

729 

652 

3,000 

2,660 

9,7.50 

1,028 

5,723 

408 

438 

1,584 

1,700 

1,000 

996 

260 

770 

972 

680 

8,540 

50.J 

127 

1,667 

730 

2a5 

250 

510 

4,150 

1,(108 

420 

640 

474 

775 

1,770 

770 

409 

1,000 

720 


Population. 


2,486 
6,934 
15,8.53 
21,700 
9,130 
7,753 
37,645 
1,581 
9,696 


655 

12,131 

15,992 

42,996 

4,300 

37 

9,604 


16,817 
19,161 
18,773 


79,184 
19,431 
6,732 
15,118 


7,611 
19,966 
12,134 
15,132 

4,8.55 
31,225 
19,993 

2,553 


25,499 

26,181 

45,844 

7,222 


8,597 

2,409 

266 

6,979 

18,920 

1,708 

12,957 

10,683 

10,689 

10,623 

12,800 

3:1,454 

5,116 

6,567 

6,179 

21,294 

8,494 

17,502 


7,949 

3,845 

9,759 

5.56 

1,.55(1 

6,639 

38 

1,902 

11,796 

219,884 

32,640 

74,688 

6,719 

12,156 

3,220 

244,535 

189,929 

34,515 

7,931 

11,032 

9,860 

15,398 

7,080 


16,025 
112,042 
34,284 
27,765 


16,240 
7,245 
25,501 
13,016 


3,006 

7,794 

17,669 

23,961 

14,606 

14,111 

158,008 

1,551 

11,864 

4,6(10 

3,101 

13,468 

17,352 

20,253 

49,848 

4,369 

4,012 

15,085 

159 

22,664 

22,561 

18,690 

18,041 

77,879 

26,800 

7,698 

19,878 

3,725 

9,792 

25,922 

12,362 

17,903 

10,373 

32,094 

30,673 

3,079 

224 

1,377 


26,787 

24,113 

49,259 

8,005 

4,399 

9,444 

3,600 

1,970 

5,599 

19,3-58 

1,866 

15,376 

9,232 

10,108 

12,216 

22,239 

39,201 

4,794 

9,214 

7,942 

31,774 

9,272 

21,723 

1,870 

21,239 

15,678 

14,70;5 

4,866 

4,274 

8,756 

1,971 

1,022 

21,515 

322,981 

35,462 

86,074 

8,666 

20,188 

2,148 

299,995 

256,008 

3:i,052 

9,511 

10,047 

1(1,836 

21,920 

3,276 

16 

16,656 

150,081 

33,939 

28,599 

4,478 

20,706 

8,724 

38,709 

16,708 


Per  sq.m. 
1890. 


3.57 
43.7 
43.00 
51. U 
20.2 
17.8 
478.8 

1.73 

2.43 
10.22 

0.69 
10.07 
21.6 
49.3 
83.08 
35.2 

4.39 
30.1 

0.13 
26.3 
66.3 
22.5 
61.4 
91.3 
29.7 

4.39 
40.1 

2.32 
22.8 
67.6 
30.9 
36.9 
11.5 
65  3 
47.3 

7.89 

0.24 

2.12 

""ii'.a' 

46.3 
63.5 
25.8 

3.8 
42.9 

6.88 

0.75 
12.4 
39.6 

0.98 
37.8 

6.15 
32:1.3 
18.76 
29.2 
83.4 

0.26 
34.1 
127.5 
33.4 
12.7 
33.3 

0.62 

7.9 

1.608 
13.3 

0.85 
10.4 
19.8 

1.24 

0.601 
21  ..515 
324.2 
136.3 
111.7 

8.91 
29.6 

0.26 
594.4 
2016.5 
19.7 
13.(i2 
42.75 
43.3 
42.9 

0.78 

O.Ol 
39.6 
277.9 
71.6 
36.9 

2.62 
26.8 
21.3 
38.709 
23.2 


Name  of  county 
and  state. 


Faulk,  S.D 

Faulkner,  Ark 

Fauquier,  Va 

Fayette,  Ala 

Fayette,  Ga 

Fayette,  111 

Fayette,  Ind 

Fayette,  Iowa 

Fayette,  Ky... 

Fayette,  0 

Fayette,  Pa 

Fayette,  Tenn 

Fayette,  Tex 

Fayette,  W.Va 

Fentress,  Tenn 

Fergus,  Mont 

Fillmore,  Minn 

Fillmore,  Neb. 

Finney,  Kan 

Fisher,  Tex 

Flannery,  N.D 

Fleming,  Ky 

Florence,  S.C 

Florence,  Wis 

Floyd,  Ga 

Floyd,  Ind 

Floyd,  Iow» 

Floyd,  Kv 

Floyd,  Tex 

Floyd,  Va 

Fluvanna,  Vo 

Foard,  Tex 

Foley,  Tex 

Fond  du  Lac,  Wis 

Ford,  III 

Ford,  Kan 

Forest,  Pa 

Forest,  Wis 

Forsyth,  Ga 

Forsyth,  N.C 

Fort  Bend,  Tex 

Foster,  N.D 

Fountain,  Ind 

Franklin,  Ala 

Franklin,  Ark 

Fi-anklin,  Fla 

Franklin,  Ga 

Franklin,  111 

Franklin,  Ind 

Franklin,  Iowa 

Franklin,  Kan 

Franklin,  Ky 

Franklin,  La.. 

Franklin,  Me 

Franklin,  Mass 

Franklin,  Miss 

Franklin,  Mo 

Franklin,  Neb 

Franklin,  N.Y 

Franklin,  N.C 

Franklin,  0 

Franklin,  Pa 

Franklin,  Tenn, 

Franklin,  Tex 

Franklin,  Vt 

Franklin,  Va 

Franklin,  Wash 

Frederick,  Md 

Frederick,  Va 

Freeborn,  Minn 

Freestone,  Tex 

Fremont,  Col 

Fremont,  Iowa 

Fremont,  Wyo 

Fresno,  Cal 

Frio,  Tex 

Frontier,  Neb 

Fulton,  Ark 

Fulton,  Ga 

Fulton,  III 

Fulton,  Ind 

Fulton,  Ky 

Fulton,  N.Y 

Fulton,  0 

Fulton,  P« 

Furnas,  Neb 

Gadsden,  Fla 

Gage,  Neb 

Games,  Tex 

Gallatin,  111 

Gallatin,  Ky 

Gallatin,  Mont 

Gallia,0 

Galveston,  Tex 

Garfield,  Col 

Garfield,  Kan 


Location 
in  state. 


N.E.Cen. 

Cen. 

N.E.Cen. 

N.W. 

W.N.W. 

S.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

N.E. 

N.E.Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

S.W. 

S.W. 

S.E.Cen. 

SC«n. 

N.E.  Cen. 

Cen. 

S.E. 

S.E. 

S.W.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

N.W. 

N.E. 

E.Cen. 

N.E. 

N.W. 

S  E 

N.E.Cen. 

£. 

N.W.Cen 

S.W. 

Cen. 

N.Cen. 

S.W. 

E.S.E. 

E.N.E. 

S.S.W. 

N.W.Cen 

N.E. 

N.W.Cen 

N.W.Cen 

S.E. 

E.Cen. 

W.N.W. 

N.W. 

N.W. 

N.W. 

N.E. 

S.Cen. 

S.E. 

N.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

N.E.Cen. 

N.E. 

WCen. 

N.W. 

S.W. 

E. 

S. 

N.E. 

N.E.Cen. 

Cen. 

S.Cen. 

S. 

N-E. 

N.W. 

S.W.Cen. 

S.E. 

N.W. 

N. 

S. 

N.E.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

S.W. 

W.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

N. 

N.W.Cen 

W.N.W. 

N.E.Cen. 

S.W. 

E.Cen. 

N.W. 

S.Cen. 

S. 

N.W. 

S.E. 

W.N.W. 

S.E. 

N. 

S.W. 

S.E. 

S.E. 

N.W. 

S.W.C6n. 


Area 

in 
aq.m. 


1,010 
623 

680 
700 
162 
720 
210 
720 
252 
398 
8:iO 
630 
960 
750 
610 

6,762 
864 
676 
864 
900 

1,800 
340 
678 
498 
539 
140 
604 
410 

1,100 
444 
280 
660 

2,1(X) 
720 
490 

1,040 
410 

1,276 
297 
372 
880 
648 
390 
620 
672 
690 
359 
430 
400 
676 
676 
20(1 
600 

1,660 
665 
656 
866 
676 

1,783 
480 
624 
750 
570 
300 
639 
750 

1,244 
633 
380 
720 
870 

1,600 

500 

12,000 

8,010 

1,010 
972 
649 
166 
870 
380 
190 
667 
402 
435 
720 
550 
864 

1,500 
349 
130 

2,295 
441 
640 

3,250 
432 


Population. 


1880. 


4 

12,786 
22,993 
10,135 

8,605 
23,241 
11,394 
22,258 
29,023 
20,364 
68,842 
31,871 
27,996 
11,560 

6,841 


28,162 
10,204 


136 
"15,221 


24,418 
24,690 
14,677 
10,176 
3 
13,265 
10,802 


46,859 
15,099 
3,122 
4,384 


10,559 
18,070 

9,380 

37 

20,228 

9,165 
14,951 

1,791 
11,453 
16,129 
20,092 
10,249 
16,797 
1«,699 

6,495 
18,180 
36,001 

9,729 
26,534 

5,465 
32,390 
20,829 
86,797 
49,855 
17,178 

6,280 
30,225 
25,084 


60,482 
17,663 
16,069 
14,921 
4,735 
17,6.52 


9,478 

2,130 
934 

6,720 
49,137 
41,240 
14,301 

7,977 
30,985 
21,053 
10,149 

6,407 

12,169 

13,164 

8 

12,861 

4,8:i2 

8,643 
28,124 
24,121 


4,062 
18,:i42 
22,590 
12,823 

8,728 
23,:i67 
12,630 
23,141 
35,609 
22,:i09 
80,006 
28,878 
31,481 
20,542 

6,226 

3,514 
26,;«8 
16,022 

3,:«0 

2,996 

72 

16,078 

25,027 

2,604 
28,391 
29,458 
15,424 
11,256 
629 
14,405 

9,508 

i'e 

44,088 

17,035 

6,308 

8,482 

1,012 

11,165 

28,434 

10,586 

1,210 

19,558 

10,681 

19,9:H 

3,:i08 

14,670 

17,1.38 

18,366 

12,871 

20,279 

21,267 

6,900 

17,063 

:w,6io 

10,424 
28,056 

7,693 
38,110 
21,090 
124,087 
61,433 
18,929 

6,481 
29,755 
24,985 
696 
49,512 
17,880 
17,962 
15,987 

9,150 
16,842 

2,463 
32,026 

3,112 

8,497 
10,984 
84,655 
43,110 
16,746 
10,006 
37,650 
22,023 
10,137 

9,840 
11.894 
36,344 
68 
14,9;i6 

4,611 

6,246 
27,005 
31,476 

4,478 
881 


Per  sq.m. 
1890. 


4.Q$1 

29.4 
3:1.2 
18.3 
63.8 
32.4 
60.1 
32.1 
141.3 

6.85 
9(i.3 
45.8 
32.7 
27.3 
10.2 

0.51 
30.4 
27.9 

3.87 

3.;J2 

0.04 
47.2 
43.2 

6.22 
52.6 
210.4 
30.6 
27.4 

0.48 
32.4 
33.9 


0.007 
61.2 
34.7 

6.103 
20.6 

0.79 
37.6 
76.4 
12.02 

1.86 
50.14 
17.22 
28.1 

4.79 
40.8 
39.8 
45.91 
22.3 
35.2 
106.3 
11.5 
10.2 
68.0« 
18.7 
82.2 
13.3 
21.3 
43.9 
236.8 
68.S 
3:1.2 
21.5 
46.5 
33.31 

0.66 
78.2 
47.03 
23.5 
18.33 

5.72 
33.68 

0.205 

3.98 

3.08 

8.74 
16.9 
509.9 
49.5 
44.06 
52.6 
66.4 
54.7 
23.3 
13.6 
21.62 
42.07 

0.04 
42.2 
35.4 

2.7 
61.2 
49.1 

1.:17 

2.04 


85 


ARKA  AND  POPULATION  OF  THE  COUNTIES  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP  1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


of  connty 
liUU. 


ainr««M,  N«». 

Oar«*M,  N.D...... 

akrfleM,  Utab 

0«rft*M.  Waiih 

G«HMid.  Ark 

GMmtnl,  Kr 

Garrrtt,  Ud 

OMm,Tex 

QMCoiwdo,  Mo..... 

UmIoo,  N.O 

OaUa,N.a 

0«M7,  Kan 

OMDg*,  O 

0«n«a(«,  Mich 

G«o«M«,  N.T 

G«nev»,  AU. 

a«nli7,  Mo 

Georg«town,  8.C... 

OibaoD,  Ind 

Oibaon,  Tenn 

Gihs  Aris 

Oiln,  Teno 

OIIm,  V» 

Gillespie,  Tex- 

Gilliam,  Ore 

Gilmer,  Oa 

Gilmer,  W.  Va 

Gilpin,  Col 

Gladwlu.  Mich 

Glaaooek,  Ga 

GiMtoock,  Tex 

Gloucester,  N.J.... 

Gloucester,  Va. 

Glynn,  Ga 

Gogebic,  Mich 

Goliad,  Tex 

Gonzales,  Tex 

Goochland,  Va 

GixMlhue,  Minn.... 

Gordon,  Ga 

Gosper,  Neb 

Govp,  Kan 

Grafton,  N.H 

Graham,  Aris 

Grahnm,  Kan 

Grftham,  N  C 

Grainger,  Tenu.... 

Grand,  Col 

Grand,  Utah 

Grand  Forks,  N.D. 

Grand  l8le,Vt 

Grand  Traverse.Mich 

Grant,  Ark 

Grant,  Ind 

Grant,  Kan 

Grant,  Ky , 

Grant,  La 

Grant,  Minn 

Grant,  Kcb 

Grant,  N.M 

Grant,  Ore 

Grant,  S.D 

Grant,  W.  Va 

Grant,  WU 

Granville,  N.C. 

Gratiot,  Mich 

Graves,  Ky 

Gray,  Kan 

Gray,  Tex 

Grayson,  Ky 

Grayson,  Tex , 

Grayson,  Va. 

Greeley,  Kan 

Greeley,  Neb_ 

Green,  Kv 

Green,  Wis 

Greenbrier,  W.Va.... 

Greene,  Ala _ 

Greene,  Ark 

Greene,  Ga „., 

Greene,  III 

Greene,  Ind 

Greene,  Iowa„ 

Ore«oe,  Miss 

Greene,  Mo 

Greene,  N.T 

Greene,  N.O , 

Greene,  O 

Greene,  Pa 

Greene,  Tenn. 

Greene,  Va 

Green  Lake,  WU.... 

Greenup,  Ky.„ 

GreenTtlle,  8.C 

Greensville,  Va. 

Gnenwood,  Kan.... 

86 


location 
iu  Slats. 


N.B.Cen 
N.W.Cen 

a 

8.R. 

W.Cen. 

K.O11. 

N.W. 

N.W.Cen 

E.Oen. 

W.S.W. 

N.K. 

N.RCen. 

N.E. 

&B.Cen. 

N.W. 

8.K. 

N.W. 

E.S.E. 

8.W. 

N.W. 

S.E.CeD. 

8. 

8.W. 

8.Cen. 

N. 

N.W. 

N.W.Cen 

N.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

N.E.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

W.8.W. 

E.8.E. 

S.B. 

NW. 

S.E. 

S.E.Cen. 

Cen. 

S.K 

N.W. 

S. 

N.W.Cen 

W. 

S.E. 

N.W.Cen 

W. 

N.E.  Cen 

N.W.Cen 

E. 

E.N.K 

N.W. 

N.W. 

8.  Cen. 

N.E.Cen. 

8.W. 

N.N.E. 

Cen. 

W. 

WCen 

S.W. 

N.E.  Cen. 

S.E. 

E. 

S.W. 

N.N.E. 

Cen. 

8.W. 

8.W.Cen 

N. 

Cen. 

N.E. 

8.W. 

W. 

E.Cen. 

8.  Cen. 

8. 

8.8.E. 

W. 

N.E. 

N.Cen. 

W. 

W.S.W. 

WCen. 

8.E. 

8.W. 

N.E. 

E.Ccn. 

8.W. 

8.W. 

N.E. 

N.Cen. 

8.E.Cen, 

N.E. 

N.W. 

S.E. 

8.S.Cen. 


Area 

in 
sq.  m. 


576 
018 
1,3«U 
Vli 
«22 
WS 
680 
900 
ftlO 
340 
SCO 
407 
400 
64U 
497 
040 
450 
742 
490 
618 
3,21i 
656 
446 
960 
1,700 
452 
3:J0 
150 
540 
90 
900 
326 
245 
427 
1,115 
820 
980 
280 
755 
361 
468 
1,020 
1,70c 
6,15i 
900 
250 
294 
2.100 
3,175 
1,404 
80 
486 
617 
420 
676 
280 
646 
576 
720 
9,300 
6,472 
690 
490 
1,130 
600 
560 
660 
864 
900 
670 
960 
486 
780 
676 
275 
670 
1,050 
644 
691 
361 
644 
640 
676 
820 
688 
600 
310 
416 
640 
68U 
200 
300 
352 
716 
325 
1,166 


I'upulatlon. 


0,028 
11,704 
12,176 
36 
11,16:i 
14,254 

8,897 

6,994 
14,251 
39,220 
32,806 

4.342 
17,176 
19,613 
22,742 
32,686 


36,014 
8,704 
6,228 


8,386 
7,108 
6,489 
1,127 
3,577 


25,886 
11,877 
6,497 


8,832 
14,840 
10,292 
29,651 
11,171 
1,073 
1,190 
38,788 


4,258 

2,336 

12,384 

417 


6,248 
4,124 
8,422 
6,186 

23,618 
9 

13,083 
6,188 
3,004 


4,639 

4,:«o 

3,010 
6,542 
37,852 
31,286 
21,936 
24,138 


66 

15,784 

38,108 

13,068 

3 

1,461 
11,871 
21,7-29 
15,060 
2I,9:S1 

7,480 
17,547 
23,010 
22,990 
12,727 

3,194 
28,801 
32,695 
10,<«7 
31,349 
28,273 
24,006 

6,830 
14,48:1 
13,371 
37,496 

8,407 
10,648 


1,069 

»3 

2,467 

»,H97 

16,328 

11,138 

14,213 

14 

11,70<I 

17,764 

10,252 

10,423 

13,489 

39,430 

33,2«i5 

10,690 

19,018 

20,867 

24,920 

36,859 

2,021 

34,959 

9,(190 

7,028 

3,000 

9,074 

9,746 

6,867 

4,208 

3,720 

2<i8 

28,649 

11,653 

13,420 

13,166 

6,910 

18,016 

9,958 

28,806 

12,758 

4,810 

2,994 

37,217 

5,670 

6,029 

3,313 

13,196 

604 

611 

18,:i57 

3,843 

ISiii-IS 

7,786 

31,493 

1,308 

12,671 

8,270 

6,875 

4.58 

9,057 

5,080 

6,814 

6,802 

36,(>51 

24,484 

28,668 

28,534 

2,415 

203 

18,688 

5;i,2U 

14,394 

],-264 

4,869 

11,463 

22,732 

18,0't4 

22,007 

12,908 

17,061 

2:<,791 

24,379 

15,797 

3,906 

48,616 

31,698 

10,0:19 

29,820 

28,9:i5 

26,614 

6.622 

16, 10.1 

11,911 

44,310 

8,230 

10,309 


S.« 

0.03 

1.8 

6.7 
24.6 
49.6 
20.9 

O.Ol 
22.9 
62.2 
28.4 
26.5 

aj.7 

61.6 

66.1 

16.7 

42.2 

28.1 

60.8 

68.3 

0.6 

63.2 

23.8 

7.3 

2.11 

20.07 

29.6 

39.11 

77 

41.3 

0.23 

87.8 

43.4 

31.4 

11.8 

7.2 

18.3 

35.5 

38.1 

36.3 

10.2 

2.93 

21.07 

0.92 

8.58 

13.2 

44.8 

0.28 

0.17 

13.(J7 

48.03 

27.5 

12.6 

74.9 

2.27 

45.2 

12.8 

12.1 

0.63 

l.ttJ 

0.92 

0.8 

13.8 

32.4 

40.08 

61.1 

61.8 

2.7 

0.22 

32  7 

55.4 

29.6 

1.62 

8.4 

41.7 

39.4 

17.1 

40.4 

21.8 

47.2 

43.7 

45.12 

27.4 

4.76 

70.6 

47.8 

32.3 

71.6 

45.2 

4.5.8 

28.1 

42.1 

3:1.8 

61.8 

28.3 

14.1 


Name  of  county 
and  state. 


Greer,  Okla 

Gregg,  Tex 

Gregory,  8.1) 

Grenada,  Miss 

Greggs,  N.D 

Grime*,  Tex 

Grundy,  III 

Onindy,  Iowa 

Grundy,  Mo 

Gruiiily,  Tenn 

Giiadaluiipe,  N.M 

Guadalupe,  Tex 

Guernsey,  0 

Guilford,  N.O 

Gunnison,  Col 

Guthrie,  Iowa. 

Gwinnott,  Ga 

Habersham,  Ga 

Hale,  Ala 

Hale,  Tex 

Halifax,  NO 

Halifax,  Va 

Hall,  Ga 

Hall,  Neb 

Hall,  Tex 

Hamblen,  Tenn 

Hamilton,  Fla 

Hamilton,  III 

Hamilton,  Ind 

Hamilton,  Iowa. 

Hamilton,  Kan 

Hamilton,  Neb 

Hamilton,  N.T 

Hamilton,  O 

Hamilton,  Tenn 

Hamilton,  Tex 

Ilamliii,  8.D 

Hampden,  Mass 

Ilanipshirp,  Mass 

Hampshire,  W.  Va.... 

Hampton,  S.C 

Hancock,  Ga 

Hancock,  III 

Hancock,  Ind 

Hancock,  Iowa 

Hancock,  Ky 

Hancock,  Me 

Hancock,  Miss 

Hancock,  0 

Hancock,  Tenn 

Hancock,  W.  Va 

Hand,  S.D 

Hanover,  Va 

Hansford,  Tex 

Hanson,  S.D 

Haralson,  Ga 

Hardeman,  Tenn 

Hardeman,  Tex 

Hardin,  Hi 

Hardin,  Iowa 

Hardin,  Ky 

Hardin,  O 

Hardin,  Tenn 

Hardin. Tex , 

Harding.  S.D 

Hardy,  W.  Va 

Harford,  Md 

Harlan,  Ky , 

Harlan,  Neb 

Harnett,  N.C 

Harney,  Ore 

Harper,  Kan 

Harris,  Ga 

Harris,  Tex , 

Harrison,  Ind 

Harrison,  Iowa 

Harrison,  Ky , 

Harriiion,  Miits 

Harrison,  Mo 

Harrison,  O 

Harrison,  Tex 

Harrison,  W.  Va 

Hart,Ga 

Hart,  Ky 

Hartford,  Conn 

Hartley,  Tex 

Ilarvev,  Kan 

Haskell,  Kan 

Haskell,  Tex 

Hawkins,  Tenn 

Haves,  Neb 

Hays,  Tex 

Haywood,  N.C 

H«ywood,  Tenn 

Heard.  Ga 

Hemphill,  Tex 


I..ocailon 
in  state. 


8.W. 

N.E. 

S.E. 

N.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

R.Cen. 

N.E. 

N.E.Cen. 

N.W. 

S.Cen. 

EN.E. 

S.£.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

S.WCen. 

S.W.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

N.E. 

W. 

N. 

N.E. 

S.W. 

N.Cen. 

S.E.Cen. 

N. 

E.Cen. 

N.W. 

S.E. 

N.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

S.W. 

S.E.Cen. 

E.N.E. 

S.W. 

S.E. 

N.E.  Cen. 

E.N.E. 

S.W. 

N.W.Cen 

N.E. 

S.W. 

N.E.Cen. 

W. 

E.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

N.W. 

S.E. 

S.E. 

N.W.Cen 

N.E. 

N. 

E.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

N. 

S.E.Cen. 

N.W. 

S.W. 

N. 

S.E. 

N.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

S.W. 

E. 

N.W. 

N.E. 

N.E. 

S.E. 

8. 

Cen. 

S.E. 

S. 

w. 

E.S.E. 

S. 

S.W. 

N.E.Cen. 

S.E. 

N.W. 

E. 

N.E. 

N.Cen. 

N.E. 

S.Cen. 

N.W. 

N.W. 

S.E.Cen. 

S.W. 

N.Cen. 

N.E. 

S.W. 

S.Cen. 

W. 

S.W. 

W.N.W. 

N. 


Area 

in 
sq.  m. 


3,000 
260 
975 
4:10 
720 
720 
440 
604 
460 
410 

8,:i20 
710 
617 
680 

3,200 
676 
450 
347 
732 

1,100 
680 
820 
497 
662 
900 
150 
576 
440 
4<K) 
670 
922 
576 

1,767 
400 
440 
900 
545 
6:S4 
672 
650 

1,141 
474 
769 
307 
670 
200 

1,312 

649 

522 

260 

92 

1,4:)5 
460 
910 
435 
209 
640 

1,180 
149 
676 
680 
425 
860 
940 

1,475 
400 
422 
410 
676 
500 
10,600 
810 
423 

1,800 
470 
60> 
315 
990 
730 
405 
880 
404 
381 
410 
738 

1,480 
610 
676 
900 
490 
72(1 
680 
69<l 
670 
290 
900 


Populal  ion. 


1880. 


8,630 


12,071 


18,603 
16,7:12 
12,639 
15,186 
4,692 

"l2,'292 
27,197 
23,685 

8,235 
14,394 
19,.531 

8,718 
26,553 


30,300 
33,588 
15,298 

8,672 

36 

10,187 

6,790 
16,712 
24,801 
11,362 
108 

8,267 

3,923 

3l:i,:i74 
23,642 

6,365 
692 
104,142 
47,2:12 
10,366 
18,741 
16,98!» 
35,3:17 
17,123 

3,463 

8,56:1 
38,129 

6,4;i9 
27,784 

9,098 

4,882 

153 

18,588 

18 

1,301 

6,974 

22,921 

50 

6,024 
17,807 
22,504 
27,023 
14,793 

1,870 


6,794 

29,042 

6,278 

6,086 

10,862 


4,1:13 
15,768 
27,985 
21,326 
16,649 
10,504 

7,895 
20,304 
20,456 
25,177 
20,181 

9,094 

17,1,33 

125,:i82 

100 

11,451 


48 
20,610 
119 
7,.5.55 
10,271 
26,0.5:1 
8,769 
149 


1800      Persq.m. 
*"""•         1890. 


6,338 

9,402 

295 

14,974 

2,817 
21,312 
21,024 
i:i,215 
17,876 

6,345 

"l6",'2i'7 

28,645 
28,052 

4,359 
17,:i80 
19,899 
11, .573 
27,5(11 
721 
28,908 
.14,424 
18,047 
16,513 
703 
11,418 

8,507 
]7,8(Ki 
20,12:1 
15,319 

2,027 
14,090 

4,762 
374,573 
63,4H2 

9,279 

4,025 
135,713 
61,8.59 
11,419 
20,544 
17,149 
31,907 
17,829 

7,621 

9,214 
37,:il2 

8,318 
42,  .503 
10,342 

6,414 

0,540 

17,402 

1:13 

4,207 
11,310 
21,029 

3,904 

7,2;i4 

19,003 
21,304 
28,9:19 
17,098 

3,950 
l(i7 

7,507 
28,99:1 

6,197 

8,1.58 
13,700 

2,659 
13,260 
10,797 
37,249 
20,780 
21,:i56 
10,914 
12,481 
21,033 
20,8:10 
20,721 
21,919 
10,887 
10,4:19 
147,180 
252 
17,601 

1,077 

1,005 
22,246 

3,953 
11,352 
13,340 
2:1,558 

9,9,57 
619 


AREA  AND  POPULATION  OF  THE   COUNTIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  county 
and  state. 


Hempstead,  Aric 

Henderson,  III 

Hendeisan,  Ky 

Henderson,  N.C 

Henderson,  Tenn 

Henderson,  Tex 

Hendricks,  Ind 

Hennepin,  Minn 

Henrico,  Va 

Henry,  Ala 

Henry,  Ga 

Henry,  III 

Henry,  Ind 

Henry,  Iowa 

Henry,  Ky 

Henry,  Mo 

Henry,  0 

Henry,  Tenu 

Henry,  Va 

Herkimer,  N.Y 

Hernando,  Fla 

Hertford,  N.C 

Hettinger,  N.D 

Hickniun,  Ky 

Hickman,  Tenn.. 

Hickory,  Mo 

Hidalgo,  Tex 

Highland,  0 

Highland,  Va 

Hill,  Tex 

Hillsborough,  Fla 

Hillsborough,  N.II.... 

Hillsdale,  Mich 

Hin<lH,  Miss 

Hinsdale,  Col 

Hitchcock,  Neb 

Hocking,  0 

Hockley,  Tox 

Hodgeman,  Kan 

Holmes,  Fla 

Holmes,  Miss 

Holmes,  0 

Holt,  Mo 

Holt,  Neb 

Hood,  Tex 

Hooker,  Neb 

Hopkins,  Ky 

Hopkins,  Tex 

Horry,  S.C 

Hot  Spring,  Ark 

Houghton,  Mich 

Houston,  Ga 

Houston,  Minn 

Houston,  Tenn 

Houston,  Tex 

Howard,  Ark 

Howard,  Ind 

Howard,  Iowa 

Howard,  Md 

Howard,  Mo 

Howard,  Neb 

Howard,  Tex 

Howell,  Mo 

Hubbaid,  Minn 

Hudson,  N.J 

Huerfano,  Col 

Hughes,  S.D 

Humboldt,  Cal 

Humboldt,  Iowa 

Humboldt,  Nev 

Humplireys,  Tenn 

Hunt,  Tex 

Hunterdon,  N.J 

Huntingdon,  Pa 

Huntington,  Ind 

Huron,  Mich 

Huron^  O 

Hutchinson,  S.D 

Hutchinson,  Tex 

Hyde,  N.C 

Hyde,  S.D 

Iberia,  La 

Iberville,  La 

Ida,  Iowa 

Idaho,  Idaho 

Independence,  Ark... 

Indiana,  Pa 

Ingham,  Mich 

Inyo,  Cal 

Ionia,  Mich 

Iosco,  Mich 

Iowa,  Iowa 

Iowa,  Wis 

Iredell,  N.C 

Irion,  Tex 

Iron,  Mich 


Location 
in  state. 


S.W. 
N.W. 

N.W. 
VV. 

S.W.Cen. 

N.E.Cen 

W.Cen. 

E.S.E. 

S.E.Cen. 

S.E. 

N.VV.Con 

N.W. 

E. 

S.E. 

N.N.E. 

W.Cen. 

N.W. 

N.W. 

S.W. 

E.Cen. 

W. 

N.E. 

S.W. 

S.W. 

W.Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

S. 

S.W. 

N.W. 

N.E.Cen. 

W. 

S. 

S. 

w.s.w. 

S.W. 

S.W. 

S.Cen. 

N.W. 

S.W.Cen. 

N.W. 

N.W.Cen 

N.E.Cen. 

N.W. 

N.E. 

N.E.Cen 

N.W.Cen 

W.Cen. 

N.E. 

S.W.Cen. 

N. 

Cen. 

S.E. 

N.W.Cen 

E. 

S.W. 

N.Cen. 

N.E. 

N.W.Cen 

N.Cen. 

S.E.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

S. 

N.W.Cen 

N.E. 

S. 

Cen. 

N.W. 

N.N.W. 

N.W. 

W.Cen. 

N.E. 

W.N.W. 

S.Cen. 

N.E. 

E. 

N. 

S.E. 

N. 

E. 

E.Cen. 

S. 

S.E.Cen. 

W.N.W. 

N.W. 

N.E.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

E.S.E. 

S.W.Cen 

N.E. 

ES.E. 

S.W. 

W.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

N.W. 


742 
380 
472 
3G0 
530 
9(M) 
400 
580 
25.5 
984 
322 
830 
400 
432 
272 
740 
420 
580 
410 

1,459 
520 
324 

2,160 
240 
648 
415 

2,970 
527 
389 

1,000 

1,280 
844 
51i7 
870 

1,400 
720 
408 
940 
864 
535 
750 
436 
4G2 

2,714 
460 
720 
550 
750 
980 
626 

1,000 
570 
665 
210 

1,200 
029 
300 
480 
250 
450 
676 
840 
920 
675 
43 

1,600 
756 

3,570 
432 
16,580 
420 
870 
434 
8'JO 
380 
7.i0 
480 
705 
900 
4:!5 
850 
580 
650 
432 
11.480 
736 
830 
552 

10,020 
580 
563 
576 
740 
610 
970 

1,100 


Po|)ulatioD. 


1880.        1890.     ''•iV^\°'- 


19,015 
10,722 
24,515 
10,281 
17,430 

9,735 
22,981 
67,013 
82,703 
18,761 
14,193 
36,597 
24,016 
20,986 
14,492 
23,906 
20,585 
22,142 
16,009 
42,009 

4,248 
11,843 


10,651 
12,095 
7,387 
4,.347 
30,281 
6,164 
16,554 
5,814 
75,634 
32,723 
43,958 
1,487 
1,012 
22,126 


1,704 
2,170 
27,164 
20,776 
15,509 
3,287 
6,125 


19,122 
16,641 
15,674 

7,775 
22,473 
22,414 
16,332 

4,295 
16,702 

9,917 
19,584 
10,837 
16,140 
18,428 

4,391 
50 

8,814 


187,944 

6,804 

268 

15,612 

5,341 

3,480 

11,379 

17,236 

38,570 

33,954 

21,805 

20,089 

31,609 

5,573 

50 

7,765 


16,676 
17,.544 

4,382 

2,031 
18,806 
40,527 
33,076 

2,928 
33,872 

6,873 
19,221 
23,628 
22,675 


22,796 
9,876 
29,636 
12,689 
16,336 
12,285 
21,498 
185,294 
103,394 
24,847 
16,220 
33,338 
23,879 
18,895 
14,lf4 
28,2.35 
25,080 
21,070 
18,208 
45,608 
2,476 
13,851 
81 
11,637 
14,499 
9,463 
6,634 
29,048 
5,352 
27,58;i 
14,941 
93,247 
30,660 
39,279 
862 
6,799 
22,658 


2,395 

4,336 
30,970 
21,139 
15,469 
13,672 

7,681 
426 
2:5,505 
20,.572 
19,256 
11,603 
35,389 
21,613 
14,653 

.5,390 
19,360 
13,789 
26,186 
11,182 
10,269 
17,371 

9,430 

1,210 
18,618 

1,412 
275,126 

6,882 

5,044 
23,469 

9,836 

3,434 
11,720 
31,886 
35,355 
35,751 
27,644 
28,545 
31,949 
10,469 
68 

8,903 

1,860 
20,997 
21,848 
10,706 

2,955 
21,961 
42,175 
37,666 

3,544 
32,801 
1.5,224 
18,270 
22,117 
25,462 
870 

4.432 


30.7 
25.72 
62.67 
34.94 
30.82 
12.79 
53.74 
319.4 
406.4 
26.4 
60.37 
40.16 
59.697 
43.7 
52.07 
38.16 
69.71 
36.32 
44.4 
31.2 
47.61 
42.4 

0.03 
48.48 
22.3 
22.77 

2.2 
55.1 
13.75 
27.583 
11.6 
110.4 
51.3 
45.14 

0.61 

8.05 
55.63 


2.77 

8.1 
41.2 
48.4 
33.4 

5.03 
16.4 

0.59 
42.73 
27.4 
19.6 
18.53 
35.389 
37.9 
28.7 
25.6 
10.13 
21.9 
87.28 
23.29 
65.076 
38.6 
16.37 

1.44 
20.23 

2.45 
6398.2 

4.3 

6.5 

6.56 
22.8 

0.207 
27.9 
36.6 
81.46 
40.17 
72.75 
38.06 
66  56 
13.17 

0.064 
20.5 

2.18 
34.48 
33.61 
24.78 

0.25 
29.8 
50.81 
68.23 

0.35 
66.55 
27.(H 
31.71 
29.88 
41.7 

0.9 

4.029 


Name  of  county 
and  state. 


Iron,  Mo 

Iron,  Utah 

Iroquois,  III 

Irwin,  Ga 

Isabella,  Mich 

Isanti,  Minn 

Island,  Wa.-h 

Isle  of  Wight,  Va 

Isle  Koyale,  Mich 

Issaquena,  Miss 

Itasca,  Minn 

Itawamba,  Miss 

Izard,  Ark 

Jack,  Tex 

Jackson,  Ala 

Jackson,  Ark 

Jackson,  Fla 

Jackson,  Ga 

Jackson,  111 

Jackson,  Ind 

Jackson,  Iowa 

Jackson,  Kan 

Jackson,  Ky 

Jackson,  La 

Jackson,  Mich 

Jackson,  Minn 

Jackson,  Miss 

Jackson,  Mo 

Jackson,  N.C 

Jackson,  0 

Jackson,  Ore 

Jackson,  S.D 

Jackson,  Tenn 

Jackson,  Tex 

Jackson,  W.  Va 

Jackson,  Wis 

James,  Tenn 

James  City,  Va 

Jasper,  Ga 

Jasper,  111 

Jasper,  Ind 

Jasper,  Iowa 

Jasper,  Miss 

Jasper,  Mo 

Jasper,  Tex 

Jay,  Ind 

Jeff  Davis,  Tex 

Jefferson,  Ala 

Jefferson,  Ark 

Jefferson,  Col 

Jefferson,  Fla 

Jeflerson,  Ga 

Jefferson,  111 

Jefferson,  Ind 

Jefferson,  Iowa 

Jefferson,  Kan 

Jefferson,  Ky 

Jefferson,  La 

Jefferson,  Miss 

Jefferson,  Mo 

Jefferson,  Mont 

Jefferson,  Neb 

Jefferson,  N.Y 

Jefferson,  0 

Jefferson,  Pa 

Jefferson,  Tenn 

Jefferson,  Tex 

Jefferson,  Wash 

Jefferson,  W.  Va 

Jefferson,  Wis 

Jennings,  Ind 

Jerauld,  S.D 

Jersey,  III 

Jessamine,  Ky 

Jewell.  Kan 

Jo  Daviess,  HI 

Johnson,  Ark 

Johnson,  Ga 

Johnson,  111 

Johnson,  Ind 

Johnson,  Iowa 

Johnson,  Kan 

Johnson,  Ky 

Jolinson,  Mo 

Johnson,  Neb 

Johnson,  Tenn 

Johnson,  Tex 

Johnson,  Wyo 

Johnston,  N.C 

Jones,  Ga 

Jones,  Iowa 

Jones,  Miss 

Jones,  N.C 

Jones,  Tex 

Josephine,  Ore 

Juab,  Utah 


Location 
iu  state. 


S.E.Cen. 

S.W. 

E.N.E. 

S.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

E.S.E. 

N.W. 

S.E. 

N. 

W. 

N.N.E. 

N.E. 

N. 

N.N.E. 

N.E. 

N.E. 

N.W. 

N.Cen. 

S.W. 

S.S.E. 

E. 

N.E. 

S.E.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

S. 

S.W. 

S.E. 

W.N.W. 

W. 

S.S.E. 

S.W. 

S.W.Cen. 

N. 

S.E. 

W.N.W. 

W.S.W. 

S.E. 

S.E. 

N.Cen. 

E.S.E. 

N.W. 

S.E.Cen. 

E.S.E. 

S.W. 

E. 

E.N.E. 

W. 

N.Cen. 

E.S.E. 

N.Cen. 

N.W. 

E.N.E. 

S.Cen. 

S.E. 

S.E. 

N.E. 

N. 

S.E. 

S.W. 

E. 

S.W.Cen 

S.E. 

N. 

K.N.E. 

W.N.W. 

E.Cen. 

E.S.E. 

N.N.W. 

N.E. 

S.E. 

S.E. 

E.Cen. 

W.S.W. 

N.E.Cen. 

N. 

N.W. 

N.W.Cen 

E.Cen. 

S. 

S.E.Cen. 

E.S.E. 

E.N.E. 

E. 

W.N.W. 

S.E. 

N.E. 

N.E.Cen. 

N.N.E. 

W.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

E. 

E.S.E. 

N.W.Cen 

S.W. 

W. 


Area 

in 
sq.  m. 


Population. 


1880.        1890.     %'^-"'- 


550 

8,183 

3,436 

4,013 

1,120 

35,451 

601 

2,696 

580 

12,159 

450 

6,06:j 

220 

1,087 

300 

10,572 

215 

65 

370 

10,004 

5,430 

124 

640 

10,66;} 

647 

10,857 

1,000 

6,626 

1,144 

26,114 

619 

10,877 

990 

14,372 

328 

16,297 

5S0 

22,505 

510 

23,050 

612 

23,771 

658 

10,718 

305 

6,678 

580 

6,328 

720 

42,031 

720 

4,806 

1,072 

7,607 

630 

82,325 

552 

7,343 

392 

23,686 

2,880 

8,164 

1  255 

280 

12,008 

880 

2,723 

470 

16,312 

992 

13,285 

210 

6,187 

140 

6,122 

380 

11,851 

500 

14,515 

670 

9,464 

720 

25,963 

720 

12,126 

672 

32,019 

840 

5,779 

396 

19,282 

2  390 

1,092 

23,272 

840 

22,386 

800 

6,804 

600 

16,065 

640 

16,671 

580 

20,686 

370 

2.5,977 

432 

17,469 

568 

15,663 

375 

146,010 

390 

12,166 

490 

17,314 

640 

18,736 

1,850 

2,464 

576 

8,096 

1,147 

66,103 

436 

3,3,018 

640 

27,936 

310 

16,846 

9(50 

3,489 

1,688 

1,712 

280 

16,006 

570 

32,156 

350 

16,453 

650 

360 

16,642 

102 

10,864 

900 

17,475 

663 

27,628 

612 

11,565 

266 

4,800 

340 

13,078 

320 

19,537 

575 

25,429 

480 

16,853 

300 

9,1,55 

800 

28,172 

396 

7,596 

340 

7,766 

720 

17,911 

4,000 

GXJ 

680 

23,461 

386 

11,613 

576 

21,062 

680 

3,828 

430 

7,491 

900 

646 

1,605 

2,485 

3,828 

3,474 

9,119 

2,683 
35,167 

6,316 
18,784 

7,607 

1,787 
11,313 
1.35 
12,318 
743 
11,708 
13,058 

9,740 
28,026 
15.179 
17,.544 
19,176 
27,809 
24,139 
22,771 
14,626 

8,261 

7,453 
46,031 

8,924 
11,251 
160,510 

9,512 
28,408 
11,455 
30 
13,326 

3,281 
19,021 
15,797 

4,903 

5,643 
13,879 
18,188 
11,186 
24,943 
14,785 
50,.500 

6,,592 
23,478 

1,394 
88,501 
40,881 

8,450 
15,757 
17,213 
22,590 
24,507 
15,184 
16,620 
188,598 
13,221 
18,947 
22,484 

6,020 
14,860 
68,806 
39,416 
44,f)05 
16,478 

5,857 

8,368 
15,533 
33,.530 
14,608 

3,605 
14,810 
11,248 
19,349 
25,101 
16,758 

6,129 
15,013 
19,661 
23,082 
17,385 
11,027 
28,132 
10,333 

8,858 
22313 

2,367 
27,239 
12,709 
20,233 

8,.333 

7,403 

3,797 

4,878 

6,582 

,87 


16.58 

0.78 
31.3 
10.5 
32.;i8 
16.9 

8.12 
37.71 

0.62 
33.2 

0.13 
21.68 
2;?.85 

9.74 
24.49 
24.52 
17.72 
68.4 
47.94 
47.31 
37.2 
22.22 
27.08 
12.85 
62.54 
12.39 
10.49 
2,54.77 
17.23 
72.46 

3.94 

0.023 
47.58 

3.72 
40.47 
16.9 
23.34 
40.3 
36.52 
36.94 
19.62 
34.64 
20.63 
75.14 

6.65 
59.3 

0.58 
81  .(j4 
48.6 

9.82 
26.26 
26.89 
38.94 
66.23 
35.14 
29.26 
502.91 
33.9 
38.64 
85.13 

3.25 
25.6 
69.9 
90.61 
68.7 
63.8 

6.1 

4.9 
65.47 
58.82 
41.72 

6.66 
41.13 
69.43 
21  49 
37.85 
27.38 
23.04 
44.16 
61.12 
40.1 
36.21 
36.75 
35.16 
26.3 
26.05 
30  99 

0.6S0 
40.05 
32.63 
36.12 
12.25 
17.2 

4.218 

3.05 

1.458 


AREA  AND  POPtJEATION  OV  THE  COUNTIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


If  MM  of  county 

MKl  ■(»(•. 


JnaMU.  WU 

JiinlMa,  I'll 

Kalamazuu,  Micb 

KalkMkM,  Mich 

Xaiwbec,  MIdd 

KandWohi,  Miuu 

X•n^  III 

Kmi»,  Uuh 

KankHket*,  III 

Xamm,  TtfX 

Kaafinan,  Tex 

keariiey,  Kan 

Kearney,  Neb 

Keith,  Neb 

Kemper,  Mias 

Kendall,  III 

Kentlall,  Tex 

Konebec,  Me 

Kenuaha,  WU 

Kent,  Del 

Kent,  Md 

Kent,  Micb 

Kent,  R.I 

Kent,  Tex 

Kenton,  Ky 

Keokuk,  Iowa. 

Kern,  Cal 

Kerr,  Tex >.... 

Kershaw,  S.C 

Kewannee,  WI» 

Keweenaw,  Mich 

Keya  Palia,  Neb 

Kid.ler,  N.l) 

Kiuiball,  Neb 

Kimble,  Tex 

King,  Tex „... 

King,  Wash 

King  &  Queen,  V».... 

Kingfisher,  Okia 

King  Georjje,  Va 

King  William,  Va 

Kingman,  Kan 

Kings,  N.Y 

Klnggburj',  S.D 

Kinney,  Tex 

Kiowa,  Col 

Kiowa,  Kan 

Kit  Carson,  Col 

Kit8:ip,  Wash 

Kitlitass,  Wash 

Kittson,  Minn 

Klamath,  Ore 

Kllkitat,  Wash 

Knott,  Ky 

Knox,  III „... 

Knox,  Ind 

Knox,  Ky 

Knox,  Me 

Knox,  Mo 

Knox,  Neb 

Knox,  0 

Knox,  TeuD 

Knox,  Tex 

Kootenai,  Idaho 

Kosciusko,  Ind 

Kossuth,  Iowa 

Labette,  Kan 

Lackawanna,  Pa. 

Laclede,  Mo 

Lac-qui-Parle,  Minn. 

La  Crosse,  Wis 

Lafayette,  Ark 

Lafayette,  Fla 

Lafayette,  La. 

Lafayette,  Miss 

Lafayette,  SIo 

Lafayette,  Wis 

La  Fourulie.  La 

La  Grange,  Ind 

Lake,  Cal 

Lake,  Col 

Lake,  Fla 

Lake,  III 

Lake,  Ind 

Lake,  Mich 

Lake,  Minn 

Lake,  0 

Lake,  Ore 

Lake,  S.D 

Lake,  Tenn 

Lamar,  Ala 

Lamar,  Tex 

Lamb.  Tex 

Lamoille,  Vt 

La  Moure,  N.D 

Lampasas,  Tex 


Location 
iaatata. 


S.Cen. 

8.K.CeD. 

8.W. 

N.W. 

K.8.E. 

S.W.Cen 

S.K. 

8. 

N.E. 

S.B. 

N.E.Cen 

S.W. 

S6.E. 

W.Cen. 

E. 

N.E. 

S.E.Cen. 

S.8.W. 

8.E. 

E. 

N.E. 

W.8.W. 

E. 

N.  W.Cen 

N.N.B. 

S.E. 

S.W.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

N.E.Cen. 

E. 

N. 

N. 

SCen. 

W. 

S.Cen. 

N.N.W. 

W.Cen. 

E.8.E. 

N.N.E. 

E. 

E.S.E. 

S. 

S.E. 

B. 

S.W. 

E.S.E. 

s.s.w. 

E.N.E. 

W.Cen. 

Con. 

N.W, 

8. 

S. 

E.S.E. 

W.N.W. 

S.W. 

S.E. 

S. 

N.E. 

N.E. 

Cen. 

B.Cen. 

N.N.W. 

N.W. 

N.N.E. 

N.N.W. 

S.E. 

N.E. 

S.Cen. 

S.W. 

W.S.W. 

S.W. 

N.N.W. 

S. 

N. 

W.N.W. 

S.W. 

S.E. 

N.E. 

W.N.W. 

N.W.Cen 

Cen. 

N.E. 

N.W. 

W.N.W. 

N.E. 

N.E. 

S. 

E. 

N.W. 

W.N.W. 

N.E. 

N.W. 

N.Cen, 

S.E. 

E.CeD. 


Ar«* 
til 

■q.m. 


800 
41U 
67« 
680 
623 
800 
MO 
4,172 
(!80 

7ao 

800 
8C4 
525 

1,254 
740 
3:i0 
620 
888 
280 
RIO 
315 
800 
180 
840 
152 
676 

7,971 

1,100 
775 
3;i6 
350 
660 

1,440 
923 

1,360 
900 

1,944 
400 

1,600 
190 
270 
864 
37 
870 

1,700 

1,800 
720 

2,150 
392 

3,444 

2,245 

5,520 

2,176 
365 
720 
510 
350 
328 
610 

1,100 
527 
620 
9(X) 
660 
556 
984 
649 
460 
740 
650 
450 
497 

1,008 
264 
720 
622 

6:10 

1,020 
384 

1,125 
4.50 

1,100 
490 
500 
580 

2,380 
240 

8,040 
680 
210 
612 
900 

1,010 
450 

1,152 
800 


Populattou. 


1880. 


15,682 
18,227 
34,:t4X 

2,937 

605 

10,160 

44,939 

3,086 
26,OIT 

3,270 

16,448 

169 

4,072 

194 

15,719 

13,083 

2,783 
6:i,(j68 
13,6.'«) 
32,874 
17,606 
73,263 
20,.588 
92 
43,983 
21,'258 

6,601 

2,168 
21,538 
15,807 

4,270 


1,343 

40 

6,910 

10,502 


6,397 
8,751 
3,713 
599,495 
1,102 
4,487 


1,7:J8 


005 


4,055 


38,344 
26,324 
10,587 
32,863 
13,047 

3,066 

27,431 

39,124 

77 

518 

26,494 

6,178 
22,735 
89,269 
11,524 

4,891 
27,073 

5,730 

2,441 
13,2.35 
21,071 
25,710 
21,279 
19,113 
15,&30 

6,596 
23,563 


21,296 
15,091 
3,233 
106 
16,326 
2,804 
2,657 
3,908 
12,142 
27,193 


12,684 

20 

■6,421 


1800      Pe''«l-n>- 


17,121 
10,666 
39,273 

6,  mo 

1,679 

13,997 

e6,0«l 

1,086 

28,732 

3,637 

21,598 

1,671 

9,061 

2,656 

17,961 

12,106 

3,809 

67,012 

16,581 

32,064 

17,471 

109,922 

26,754 

324 

54,161 

23,862 

9,808 

4,446 

22,361 

16,153 

2,894 

3,920 

1,211 

959 

2,-234 

173 

63,989 

9,669 

8,:«2 

6,641 

9,605 

11,823 

838,547 

8,562 

3,781 

1,243 

2,873 

2,472 

4,624 

8,777 

5,387 

2,444 

6,167 

6,438 

38,752 

28,044 

13,762 

31,473 

13,.501 

8,582 

27,600 

59,557 

1,134 

4,108 

28,645 

13,120 

27,586 

142,088 

14,701 

li>,382 

38,801 

7,700 

3,686 

15,966 

20,653 

30,184 

20,205 

22,095 

1.5,615 

7,101 

14,603 

8,034 

24,2.35 

23,886 

6,505 

1,299 

18,235 

2,604 

7,.508 

5,30t 

14,187 

87,302 

4 

12,8.31 

3,187 

7,665 


21.4 

4«.62 
68.18 
8.896 
3.025 
16.27 
120.4 

0.03 
42.25 
4.98 
26.99 
1.81 
17.26 
2.03 
24.27 
36.68 
6.148 
64.2 
66.64 
61.84 
66.46 
127.8 
148.63 
0.38 
366.3 
41.4 
1.23 
4.04 
28.8 
48.0T 
8.20 
6.93 
0.83 
1.03 
1.64 
0.19 
32.9 
24.17 
5.207 
34.9 
35.5 
13.68 
22663.4 
9.8 
2.22 
0.69 
3.99 
1.14 
11.8 
2.54 
239 
0.44 
2.37 
14.89 
53.82 
54.9 
39.3 
95.9 
26.47 
7.8 
62.3 
114.5 
1.26 
7.33 
51.5 
13.2 
42.5 
308.8 
19.86 
15.97 
86.22 
15.4 

3.656 
60.4 
28..'i4 
48.5 
3i.l5 
21  (!6 
40.66 
6.31 
32.58 
7.3 
49.46 
47.77 
11.21 
0.54 
75.97 
0..323 
12.94 
25.257 
23.18 
41.446 
O.OffJ 
28.. 51 
2.766 
9.460 


Name  of  county 
uidstato. 


LaucMter,  Neb 

Lancaster,  I'h 

Lancaster,  S.C 

Lancaster,  Va. 

Lander,  Nev 

Lane,  Kan 

I-ane,  Ore „ 

Langlade,  Wis 

I.iapeer,  Mich 

La  Plate,  Ool 

La  Porte,  Ind 

Laramie,  Wyo 

Larimer,  Col 

La  Rue,  Ky 

La  Salle,  III 

La  Salle,  Tex 

Las  Animus,  Ool... 

Lassen,  Cal 

I^itah,  Idaho. 

Landerdale,  Ala.... 
Lauderdale,  Miits.. 
Lauderdale,  Tenn. 

Laurel,  Ky 

Laurens,  Gu 

Laurens,  S.C 

Lavaca,  Tex 

Lawrence,  Ala. 

Lawrence,  Ark 

Lawrence,  III 

Lawrence,  Ind 

Lawrence,  Ky 

Lawrence,  Miss 

Lawrence,  Mo 

Lawrence,  0 

Lawrence,  P» 

Lawrence,  S.D 

Lawrence,  Tenn... 

Leake,  MIhs 

Leavenworth,  Kan... 

Lebanon,  Pa 

Lee,  Ala 

Lee,  Ark „ 

Lee,  Fla 

Lee,  Ga 

Lee,  III 

Leo,  Iowa 

Lee,Ky 

Lee,  Miss „ 

Lee,  Tex 

Lee,  Va 

Leelanaw,  Mich 

Le  Flore,  Miss 

Lehigh,  Pa 

Lemhi,  Idaho 

Lenawee,  Mich 

Lenoir,  N.C 

Leon,  Fla 

Leon,  Tex 

Leslie,  Ky 

Le  Sueur,  Minn 

Letcher,  Ky 

Levy,  Fla 

Lewis,  Ky 

Lewis,  Mo 

Lewis,  N.Y 

Lewis,  Tenn 

Lewis,  Wash 

Lewis,  W.Va 

Lewis  &  Clarke,Mont 

Lexington,  S.C 

Liberty,  Fla 

Liberty,  Ga 

Liberty,  Tex 

Licking,  0 

Limestone,  Ala 

Limestone,  Tex 

Lincoln,  Ark 

Lincoln,  Col 

Lincoln,  Ga 

Lincoln,  Kan 

Lincoln,  Ky 

Lincoln,  La 

Lincoln,  Me 

Lincoln,  Minn 

Lincoln,  Miss 

Lincoln,  Mo 

Lincoln,  Neb 

Lincoln,  Nev 

Lincoln,  N.M 

Lincoln,  N.C 

Lincoln,  S.D 

Lincoln,  Tenn 

Lincoln,  Wash 

Lincoln,  W.  Va 

Lincoln,  Wis 

Linn,  IowB.....<. 


Location 
in  «tat«. 


S.B. 

8.E. 

N. 

E. 

N.Cen. 

W.Ceu. 

W. 

N.E. 

E.8.E. 

S.W. 

N.W. 

SB. 

N. 

Cen. 

N.N.E. 

S.W. 

S.E. 

N.E. 

N.W. 

N.W. 

E. 

W. 

S.E.Cen. 

SE.Cen. 

KW.Cen 

E.8.E. 

W.N.W. 

N.E. 

E.8.E. 

S.Cen. 

E.N.E. 

S. 

S.W. 

s. 

w. 

w. 

S.S.W. 

Cen. 

N.E. 

S.E. 

E. 

E. 

S.W. 

S.W. 

N. 

S.E. 

E.Cen. 

N.E. 

S.E.CeD. 

W. 

N.W. 

N.W. 

E.8.E. 

N. 

S.E. 

S  E.Cen. 

N.N.W. 

E.Cen. 

S.E. 

S.8.E. 

S.E. 

W.N.W. 

N.E. 

N.E. 

N.E.Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

S.W. 

N.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

N.W. 

E.S.E. 

E.S.E. 

E.Cen. 

N. 

E.Cen. 

8.S.E. 

E.Cen. 

N.N.E. 

N.Cen. 

ECen. 

N. 

S. 

S.W. 

S.W. 

E.NE. 

S.W.Cen. 

S.E. 

SE. 

W.Cen. 

S.E. 

S. 

E 

W.S.W. 

NNJE. 

E.Cen. 


in 
14.  m. 


864 
9C5 
635 
16(1 

5,296 
720 

3,840 
876 
660 

1,860 
540 

7,025 

4,100 
260 

1,152 

1,400 

4,700 

4,89(1 

1,080 
682 
680 
450 
450 
761 
680 

1,000 
768 
674 
360 
452 
4G5 
6:J0 
006 
420 
370 
795 
676 
660 
455 
360 
610 
600 

4,000 
360 
740 
486 
228 
47(1 
640 
429 
350 
660 
350 

5,400 
720 
408 
910 

1,000 
420 
460 
310 

1,104 
450 
510 

1,294 
280 

2,308 
400 

2,600 
780 
800 
966 

1,170 
685 
596 
960 
536 

2,600 
309 
720 
328 
485 
520 
50(J 
570 
598 

2,580 

I7,r*0 

26,452 

312 

54(1 

640 

2,'290 

460 

700 

720 


Population. 


188&        1890.     '"Yg^"- 


28,090 

139,447 

16,90:< 

6,160 

3,624 

601 

9,411 

685 

30,1.38 

1,110 

30,985 

6,409 

4,892 

9,793 

7o,40:i 

789 
8,903 
3,340 


21,(05 
21,.'i01 
14,918 

9,131 
10,05.1 
29,444 
13,641 
21,392 

8,782 
13,66.3 
18,.'.43 
13,262 

9,420 
17,583 
39,008 
3:1,312 
13,248 
10,383 
13,146 
32,3.55 
38,476 
27,262 
13,-.i88 


10,677 
27,491 
34,859 

4,254 
20,470 

8,937 
15,116 

6,25:1 
10,246 
65,969 

2,2:10 
48,:i43 
1.5,:i44 
19,662 
12,817 

3,740 
16,103 

6,601 

6,7li7 
13,154 
15,925 
31,416 

2,181 

2,600 
13,269 

6,521 
18,504 

1,362 
10,649 

4,999 
40,4.50 
21,600 
16,240 

9,255 


6,412 
8,582 
15,080 
11,075 
24,821 
2,945 
1.3,  .547 
17,426 

3,r>;i2 

2,0:17 
2,513 

11,061 
5,896 

20,960 


8,739 

2,011 

37,237 


76,396 
149,005 
20,761 

7,191 

2,206 

2,060 
15,198 

9,465 
29,213 

5,509 
;i4,445 
1(1,777 

9,712 

9.433 
80,798 

2,l:i9 
17,208 

4,239 

9,173 
23,7:19 
29,601 

3,8:i8 
1:1,747 
11,747 
:il,(ilO 
21,887 
20,725 
12,984 
14,693 
19,792 
17,702 
12,318 
26,228 
39,556 
37,517 
11,673 
12,280 
14,803 
38,485 
48,131 
28,694 
18,S86 

1,414 

9,074 
26,187 
37,715 

6,205 
20,(140 
11,952 
18,216 

7,944 
16,869 
70,6-11 

1,915 
48,448 
14,879 
17,752 
13,841 

3,964 
19,057 

6,9-JO 

6,.586 
14,8a3 
15,9:15 
29,806 

2,555 
11,499 
15,895 
19,145 
22,181 

1,4.52 
12,887 

4,230 
4:1,279 
21,201 
21,678 
10,2,55 
689 

6,146 

9,709 
15,962 
14,753 
21,996 

5,691 
17,912 
18,340 
10,441 

2,466 

7,081 
12,586 

9,143 
27,382 

9,312 
11,246 
12,0(18 
45,303 


88.42 
154.502 

38.8(15 

44.943 
0.427 
2.86 
3.96 

10.8 

44.26 
2.90 

63.7 
2.38 
2.36 

36.24 

70.13 
1.46 
3.60 
0.86 
8.49 

34.8OT 

43.6 
8.528 

30.548 

18.004 

46.6 

21.887' 

26.98 

22.6 

40.81 

43.78 

38.00 

19.55 

43.28 

94.18 
101.39 

14.683 

18.17 

26.3 

84.58 
13:1.097 

47.0:19 

31.19 

o.;i5 

25.205 
35.387 
77.C02 
27.21 
42.fKl8 
18.675 
42.46 
22.69 
25.559' 
218.94 

0.354 
67.275 
36.46 
19.,50T- 
l:i.84l' 

9.4:18" 
41.42 
22.32 

5.05 
.32.895 
31.245 
23.03 

9.125 

4.982 
39.7.37 

7.363 
28.43 

1.81 
13.34 

3.62 
6.3.181 
35.572 
22.581 
19.13 

0.265 
19.88 
13.48 
48.004' 
30.41 
42.3 
11.382 
31.426 
30.67 

4.046 

0.13 

0.20 
40.339 
16.931 
50.707 

4.05 
24.44 
17.154 
62.92 


AREA  AND  POPULATION  OP  THE  COUNTIES  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  county 
and  state. 


Linn,  Kan 

liinu,  Mo 

liinn,  Ore 

Lipsuumb,  Tex 

Litchfield,  Conn 

Little  River,  Ark... 

Live  Oak,  Tex. 

Livingston,  Hi 

Livingston,  Ky , 

Livingston,  La 

Livingston,  Mich... 

Livingston,  Mo 

Livingston,  N.Y 

Llano,  Tex 

Logan,  Ark 

Logan,  Col 

Logan, Idaho 

Logan,  III 

Logan,  Kan 

Logan,  Ky 

Logan,  Neb _ 

Logau,  N.D 

Logan,  0 

Logan,  Okia 

Logan,  W.  Va. 

Lonoke,  Ark 

Lorain,  0 

Los  Angeles,  Cal.... 

Loudon,  Tenn 

Loudoun,  Va 

Louisa,  Iowa 

Louisa,  Va 

Loup,  Neb 

Loving,  Tex 

Lowndes,  Ala 

Lowndes,  Ga 

Lowndes,  Miss 

Lubbock,  Tex 

Lucas,  Iowa....- 

Lucas,  0 

Luce,  Mich 

Lugenbeel,  S.D 

Lumpkin,  Ga 

Lunenburg,  Va. , 

Luzerne,  Pa 

Lycoming,  Pa. 

Lyman,  S.D 

Lynn,  Tex 

Lyon,  Iowa , 

Lyon,  Kan 

Lyon,  Ky 

Lyon,  Minn 

Lyon,  Nev 

MacCook.  S.D 

MacCracken,  Ky..., 
MacCulloch,  Tex... 
MacDonough,  111..., 

MacDonald,  Mo , 

MacDowell,  N.C 

MacDowell,  W.  Va. 

MacDuHie,  Ga 

MacHenry,  111 

MacHenry,  N.D 

Maclnto.sh,  Ga , 

Macintosh,  N.D 

MacKcan,  Pa 

MacKenzie^  N.D 

Mackinac,  Mich...., 

MacLean,  III 

MacLean,  Ky 

MacLean,  N.D 

MacLennan,  Tex... 

MacLeod,  Minn 

MacMinn,  Tenn 

MacMullen,  Tex 

MacNairy,  Tenn.... 

Macomb,  Mich 

Macon,  Ala 

Macon,  Ga 

Macon,  111 , 

Macon,  Mo 

Macon,  N.C 

Macon,  Tenn 

Macoupin,  111 

MacPhcrson,  Kan.. 
MacPlierson,  Neb.. 
MacPherson,  S.D... 

Madison,  Ala 

Madison,  Ark 

Madison,  Fla 

Madison,  Ga 

Madison,  III 

Madison,  Ind 

Madison,  Iowa 

Madison,  Ky 

Madison,  La 


Location 
in  state. 


N.N.W. 

N.N.W. 

N.N.W. 

N.W. 

S.W. 

S. 

E.N.E. 

W. 

S.E. 

S.E.Cen. 

N.N.W. 

W.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

W.N.W. 

N.E. 

S.Cen. 

Con. 

W.N.W. 

SS.W. 

W.Cen. 

S.S.E. 

W.Cen. 

N.E. 

S.W. 

E.Cen. 

N.N.K. 

S.W. 

E.S.B. 

N.E. 

S.E. 

E.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

S. 

E.N.E. 

N.W.Cen 

8.Cen. 

N.N.W. 

N.E. 

S.S.W. 

N.N.W. 

S. 

B.N.E. 

N.N.E. 

S.E.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

N.W. 

E.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

S.W. 

W. 

S.E. 

S.W. 

Cen. 

W.N.W. 

S.W. 

W.Cen. 

S.W. 

E.N.E. 

N.E. 

N.N.W. 

S.E. 

8. 

N.N.W. 

W. 

N.E. 

N.E.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

S.E. 

S.Cen. 

S.W. 

S.E. 

E.S.E. 

S.W.Con. 

Cen. 

N.E.Cen. 

W. 

N.Cen. 

W.S.W. 

E.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

N.N.E. 

N. 

N.W. 

N.W. 

N.E. 

W.S.W. 

E.Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

N.E. 


637 
fi20 

2,700 
900 
948 
547 

1,100 

1,020 
300 
020 
580 
520 
044 
900 
642 

1,830 

5,809 
020 

1,080 
544 
570 

1,008 
448 
750 
675 
7C9 
530 

4,000 
256 
520 
300 
470 
576 
900 
720 
431 
536 
900 
432 
430 
915 

1,080 
207 
429 
920 

1,195 
675 
900 
000 
858 
275 
720 

1,204 
680 
250 

1,000 
580 
580 
476 
680 
235 
624 

1,476 
419 

1,008 

1,065 

1,080 

1,045 

1,160 
250 
702 

1,040 
604 
452 

1,200 
550 
468 
622 
288 
580 
820 
524 
332 
864 
900 
62(1 
976 
796 
892 
830 
3(Hi 
740 
450 
576 
385 
664 


Population. 


1880.        1890.     ''*iV^;°'- 


15,298 

20,016 

12,076 

69 

52,044 

0,404 

1,994 

38,450 

9,105 

5,258 

22,251 

20,196 

39,.502 

4,962 

14,885 


25,037 
24,368 


26,267 


7,329 
12,146 
36,526 
33,:i81 

9,148 
23,634 
13,142 
18,942 


31,170 
11,049 
28,244 
25 
14,530 
67,377 


6,526 

11,635 
13.3,065 

67,486 

124 

9 

1,968 

17,326 
6,708 
6,267 
2,409 
1,283 

16,262 
1,.533 

27,970 
7,810 
9,830 
3,074 
9,449 

24,908 


0,241 
"42,505 


2,902 
00,100 
9,-293 


20,934 

12,342 

15,064 

701 

17,271 

31,627 

17,371 

11,675 

30,065 

26,222 

8,064 

9,321 

37,692 

17,143 


37,625 
11,4.55 
14,798 
7,978 
50,126 
27,.527 
17,224 
22,052 
13,906 


17,215 
24,121 
16,26.5 
632 
63,542 

8,903 

2,056 
38,465 

9,474 

5,769 
20,868 
20,008 
37,801 

6,759 
20,774 

3,070 

4,169 
25,489 

3,384 
2:J,812 

1,378 
597 
27,386 
12,770 
11,101 
19,203 
40,295 
101,454 

9,273 
23,274 
11,873 
16,997 

1,662 
3 
31,560 
16,102 
27,047 
33 
14,563 
102,296 

2,465 


6,867 

11, .372 

201,203 

70,579 

23;J 

24 

8,680 

23,196 

7,628 

9,501 

1,987 

6,448 

21,051 

3,205 

27,407 

11,283 

10,939 

7,300 

8,789 

26,114 

1,668 

6,470 

3,248 

46,803 

3 

7,830 

63,O:i0 

9,887 

860 

39,204 

17,026 

17,890 

1,038 

15,510 

31,813 

18,4.39 

13,183 

38,083 

30,575 

10,102 

10,878 

40,380 

21,014 

401 

5,940 

.38,119 

17,402 

14,316 

11,024 

61,535 

.30,487 

15,977 

24,.348 

14,136 


2T.02 
38.904 

6.024 

0.702 
56.47 
16.27 

1.868 
.37.48 
26.316 

9.304 
a5.96 
39.746 
58.698 

7.61 
32.a5 

1.67 

0.71 
41.111 

3.13 
43.772 

2.392 

0.693 
61.107 
17.02 
16.447 
25.04 
76.028 
25.363 
30.222 
44.76 
39.676 
36.16 

2.88 

0.003 
43.81 
35.039 
60.46 

0.036 
33  944 
237.89 

2.683 

"26."7"l' 
26.508 
218.69 
69.05 

0.405 

0.026 
14.466 
27.03 
27.74 
13.195 

1.57 
ll.llT 
84.204 

3.205 
47.359 
19.453 
22.98 
10.735 
37.4 
41.849 

1.123 
15.44 

3.22 
44.002 

0.002 

0.53 
61.061 
34.62 

1.225 
37.696 
33.78 
39.57 

0.865 
28.2 
67.97 
29.64 
46.77 
05.66 
37.286 
19.27 
32.76 
46.73 
24.015 

0.640 

6.09 
47.8 
19.508 
17.24 
36.746 
09.04 
81.082 
27.73 
63.24 
21.28 


Name  of  county 
and  state. 


Madison,  Miss 

Madison,  Mo 

Madison,  Mont 

Madison,  Neb 

Madison,  N.Y 

Madison,  N.C 

Madison,  0 

Ma<1ison,  Tenn , 

Madison,  Tex 

Madison,  Va 

Magoffin,  Ky. „ 

Mahaska,  Iowa..... 

Mahoning,  0 

Malheur,  Ore 

Manatee,  Fla 

Manistee,  Mich 

Manitou,  Mich 

Manitowoc,  Wis 

Marathon,  Wig...... 

Marengo,  Ala 

Maricopa,  Aiiz 

Maries,  Mo 

Marin,  Cal 

Marinette,  Wig 

Marion,  Ala 

Marion,  Ark 

Marion,  Fla 

Marlon,  Ga 

Marion,  III 

Marion,  Ind..» 

Marion,  Iowa 

Marion,  Kan 

Marion,  Ky. 

Marion,  Miss 

Marion,  Mo 

Marion,  0 

Marion,  Ore 

Marion,  S.C 

Marion,  Tenn 

Marion,  Tex 

Marion,  W.  Va 

Mariposa,  Cal_ 

Marlborough,  S.C. 
Marquette,  Mich... 

Marquette,  Wis 

Marshall,  Ala 

Marshall.  Ill 

Marshall,  Ind 

Marshall,  Iowa 

Marshall,  Kan 

Marshall,  Kj- 

Marshall,  Minn 

Marshall,  Miss 

Marshall,  S.D 

Marshall.  Tenn 

Marshall,  W;  Va... 

Martin,  Ind 

Martin,  Ky 

Martin,  Minn 

Martin,  N.C 

Martin,  S.D 

Martin,  Tex 

Mason,  III 

Mason,  Ky 

Mason,  MicL 

Mason,  Tex 

Mason,  Wash 

Mason,  W.  Va 

Mas^^ac,  III 

Matagorda,  Tex 

Matthews,  Va.. ...... 

Manrj',  Tenn... 

Maverick,  Tex 

Meade,  Kan 

Meade,  Ky 

Meade,  S.D 

Meagher,  Mont 

Mecklenburg,  N.C. 
Mecklenburg,  Va.. 

Mecosta,  Mich 

Medina,  0 

Medina,  Tex..„ 

Meeker,  Minn 

Meigs,  0 

Meigs,  Tenn 

Menard,  111 

Menard,  Tex 

Mendocino,  Cal 

Menifee,  Ky 

Menominee,  Mich.. 

Merced,  Pal 

Mercer,  III 

Mercer,  Ky 

Mercer,  Mo 

Mercer,  N.J 

Mercer,  N.D.. 


Location 
in  state. 


Cen. 

ES.E. 

S.W. 

N.E.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

W. 

S.W.Cen, 

S.W. 

E.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

S.E.Cen. 

N.E. 

S.E. 

S.W. 

W.N.W. 

N.W. 

E. 

Cen. 

W.S.W. 

S.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

W. 

N.E. 

N.W. 

N. 

N.Cen. 

W.S.W. 

S.Cen. 

Cen. 

SCcn. 

E.Cen. 

Cen. 

S.E. 

N.E. 

N.W.Cen 

N.W. 

E. 

S. 

N.E. 

N. 

Cen. 

N.E. 

N. 

S.Cen. 

N.E. 

N.Cen. 

N. 

Cen. 

N  E. 

S.W. 

N.W. 

N. 

N.E. 

S.S.W. 

N. 

S.W.Cen. 

E. 

S. 

N.E.Cen. 

N.W. 

W.N.W. 

W.N.W. 

N.E. 

W.N.W. 

S.W.Cen. 

W. 

w. 

S.E. 

S.E. 

E.8E. 

S.8.W. 

S.W. 

S.W. 

N.N.W. 

W. 

Cen. 

S.S.W. 

s. 

W.Cen. 

N.E. 

S.W.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

S.E. 

S.E.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

W.N.W. 

N.E.Cen. 

N. 

S.Cen. 

N.W. 

E.Cen. 

N.N.W. 

W.Cen. 

W.Cen. 


Population. 


1880.        1890,     ^"^^^ 


720 

26,866 

492 

8,876 

4,250 

3,915 

576 

5,.589 

628 

44,112 

480 

12,810 

406 

20,129 

620 

30,874 

460 

5,395 

290 

10,562 

3(K) 

6,944 

670 

25,202 

422 

42,871 

9,930 

1,240 

3,644 

650 

12,532 

120 

1,334 

687 

37,.505 

1,584 

17,121 

900 

30,890 

9,892 

5,089 

615 

7,304 

690 

11,324 

1,118 

8,929 

796 

9,364 

031 

7,907 

1,600 

13,040 

3:«i 

8,598 

680 

23,686 

400 

102,782 

570 

25,111 

954 

12,4.53 

336 

14,693 

1,055 

6,901 

420 

24,837 

416 

20,565 

830 

]4,.576 

1,024 

34,107 

500 

10,910 

420 

10,983 

314 

17,198 

1,670 

4,339 

630 

20,698 

2,399 

26,294 

481 

8,908 

580 

14,585 

400 

15,055 

441 

23,414 

676 

23,762 

900 

16,136 

330 

9,647 

1,810 

99i 

720 

29,:i30 

900 

350 

19,259 

2J8 

18,840 

340 

13,475 

235 

3,057 

720 

6,249 

570 

13,140 

755 

900 

12 

560 

16,242 

225 

20,409 

500 

10,005 

900 

2,055 

990 

039 

440 

22,293 

24(1 

10,443 

1,160 

3,940 

100 

7,501 

600 

39,904 

1,320 

2,967 

975 

296 

332 

10,323 

1.406 

7,WX) 

2,743 

64(» 

34,176 

&58 

24,610 

580 

13,973 

420 

21,453 

1,270 

4,492 

630 

11,739 

415 

32,325 

200 

7,117 

■320 

13,024 

880 

1,239 

3,694 

12,800 

150 

3,755 

1,.362 

11,987 

2,270 

5,656 

565 

19,502 

250 

14,142 

484 

14,673 

225 

68,061 

711 

^ 

27,321 

9,268 

4,092 
13,669 
42,892 
17,80.5 
20,(J57 
30,497 

8,.512 
10,225 

9,196 
28,805 
55,979 

2,601 

2,896 
24,230 
860 
37,831 
30,369 
3.3,(J95 
10,986 

8,6(X) 
13,072 
20,:«4 
11,347 
10,390 
20,790 

7,728 
24,341 
141,1.50 
23,058 
20,539 
15,648 

9,632 
26,233 
24,727 
22,934 
29,976 
15,411 
1(1,862 
20,721 

3,787 
23,500 
39,521 

9,676 
18,935 
13,(;53 
23,818 
25,842 
2.3,912 
11,2«7 

9,1.30 
26,043 

4,544 
18,906 
20,736 
13,973 

4,209 

9,403 
15,221 
7 
264 
lf,(J67 
20,773 
16,385 

5,168 

2,820 
22,863 
11,313 

3,985 

7,584 
38,112 

3,698 

2,542 

9,484 

4,040 

4,749 
42,673 
25,359 
19,697 
21,742 

6,730 
16.456 
29,813 

6,930 
13,120 

1,207 
17,612 

4,606 
33,6:19 

8,085 
18,545 
1,5,034 
14,581 
79,978 
428 


S7  94' 
18.83 

1.104. 
23.73 
68.29 
37.093 
43.13 
58.64 
18.915 
35.25 
30.653 
50.008 
132.654 

0.26 

2.334 
44.054 

7.166 
63.08 
19.17 
34.47 

1.11 
16.699  > 
22.16 
18.16 
14.25 
16.46 
12.93 
23.418 
41.96 
352.89 

4o.o;n 

21.52 
46.67 

9.035 
62.459 
59.43 
27.63 
29.27 
30.822 
25.86 
65.99 

2.413 
44.33 
]2.:i(i5 
20.11 
32.64 
34.132 
54.009 
44.87 
26,56 
34.203 

5.04 
36.17 

5.048 
64.017 
83.605 
41.09 
17.91 
13.059 
26.7 

0.009 

0.293 
28.691 
92.32 
32.77 

5.38 

2.83 
61.961 
47.137 

3.465 
75.84 
63.52 

2.801 

2.607 
28.56 

3.302 

0.078 
66.07 
38.55 
33.96 
51.76 

4.511 
24.53 
71.83 
34.05 
41. 

1.371 

4.76 
31.106 
24.77 

3.61  T 

33.414 

60.13 

30.126 

.355.45 

0.601 


3d 


AREA  AND  POPULATION  OP  THE   COUNTIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kkine  of  couDtjr 
•ad  Mate. 


Mtrear,  O 

M«rc«r,  P» 

M«rc«r,  W.  Vm. 

Meriwvthar.  G» ~. 

Mcrriok,  Ntb. 

Merrimnck,  N.U 

M»«,Col 

Metcalfe,  Ky 

Meyer,  8.D »... 

Miami,  Ind 

Mi»iiil,  Kan 

Miami,  O 

MldUlnvcx,  Uonn 

Middlesex,  Ma«. 

Mlddl««ex,  N.J 

MIddleaez,  Ya. 

BUillani),  Mich 

Micllaml,  Tex 

Mifflin,  I'a 

Milam,  Trx 

Millard,  Utah 

Mille  Lncs,  Minn 

Miller,  Ark.. „ 

Miller,  Oh. 

Miller,  Mo 

Mills,  luwa 

Mills,  Tex 

Milton,  Oa 

Milwaukee,  Wis 

Miner,  S.D 

Mineral,  W.  Va 

MinneUaha,  ».V 

MiMMukee,  Mich 

Mississippi,  Ark 

Mississippi.  Mo 

MiMoula,  Mont. 

Jlilchell.Ga 

Blitchrll,  Iowa. 

Mitchell,  Kan 

Mitchell,  N.C 

Mitchell,  Tex 

Mobile,  Ala 

Modoc,  C'al 

Mohave,  Ariz 

Monitenu,  Mo 

Monmouth,  M.J_ 

Mono,  Cal 

Monona,  Iowa 

MononKulia,W.Va... 

Monroe,  Ala 

Monroe,  Ark 

Monroe,  Fla. 

Monrue,  Ga 

Monroe,  111 

Monroe,  Ind 

Monroe,  Iowa. 

Monroe,  Ky 

Monroe,  Mich 

Monroe,  Miss 

Monroe,  Mo 

Monroe,  N.Y 

Monroe,  0 

Monroe,  Pa 

Monroe,  Tenn 

Monroe,  W.  Va 

Monroe,  Wis 

MontHfcuc,  Tex 

Montcalm,  Mich 

Monterey,  Cal.  

Monteziiinii,  Col 

MoutKomerj',  Ala 

Montgomery,  Ark 

Montgomery,  Oa 

Montgonifry,  III 

Montgomery,  Ind 

Monlgonierv,  Iowa... 
Montgomery,  Kao.... 

Montgomery,  Ky 

Montgomery,  Md 

Montgomery,  Miss.... 

Miintgumpry,  Mo 

Moiitgonipry,  N.C 

Montgomery,  M.Y 

Montgomery,  0 .. 

Montgomery,  Pa 

Montgomery,  Tenn... 

Montgomery,  Tex 

Montgomery,  Va 

Montmorency,  Mich. 

Montour,  Pa 

Montrose,  Col 

Moody,  S.D 

Moore,  N.C 

Moore,  Tenn...MM 
Moore,  Tex..,.„,.. 
Moro,  N.M.....^... 

40 


Location 
in  sUie. 


W.N.W. 
W.N.W. 

& 

W.Cen. 

ICCen. 

8.C«n. 

W. 

a. 

N.Cen. 

E. 

W. 

8. 

N.E. 

Cen. 

K.8.E. 

E.Ceii. 

W.Cen. 

8.Cen. 

E.Ceu. 

W. 

E.Ceii. 

8.W. 

8.W. 

Cen. 

S.W. 

Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

SE. 

E8.E. 

N.E. 

S.E. 

N.Cen. 

N.E. 

8.E. 

W. 

S.W. 

N.N.E. 

N.Cen. 

W.N.W. 

W.Cen. 

S.W. 

N.E. 

N.W. 

Cen. 

E, 

E. 

E. 

N. 

S.W.Cen. 

E. 

S.W. 

W.Cen. 

S.W. 

S.Cen. 

S.E. 

8. 

S.E. 

E.N.E. 

N.E. 

W. 

E.S.E. 

E. 

8.K. 

8. 

S.W. 

N.N.E. 

S.Cen. 

WiJ.W. 

8.W. 

S.E.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

8.E.Ceu. 

S.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

.S.W. 

S.E. 

N.E.  Geo 

W. 

N.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

Cen. 

E.Cen. 

S.W. 

S.E. 

N.N.W. 

E.S.E. 

8.W. 

N.E. 

E.Cen. 

W.S.W. 

EAE. 

8.£.Cen. 

8. 

N. 

N.E. 


Area 

in 
s(j.  m. 


400 
680 
4S0 
MS 

44U 
909 

3,000 
411) 

1,440 
SCO 
688 
390 
390 
6S7 
310 

l;» 

630 
900 
376 
1,000 
6,712 
680 
648 
240 
690 
448 
040 

no 

332 
680 
370 
790 
680 
8(KS 
430 
18,660 
607 
480 
720 
324 
900 

1,234 

4,198 

11,:«2 

420 

475 

3,384 
084 
325 
990 
690 
692 
490 
380 
430 
4:i2 
272 
630 
770 
044 
721 
468 
615 
580 
400 
900 
890 
720 

3,452 

2,(i40 
772 
834 
7t53 
702 
604 
432 
048 
200 
608 
396 
640 
690 
39<> 
480 
480 
540 

1,100 
422 
580 
130 

2,.30tl 
600 
924 
170 
900 

4,00U 


Population. 


1880.        1800.     ^Y.;^^- 


in.808 
60.101 

7,467 
17.051 

^341 
46,900 


9,423 
113 
24,08:i 
17,802 
36,168 
86,689 
317,830 
62,286 
6,252 
6,893 


19,.577 
18.059 
3,727 
1,601 
9,919 
3,720 
9,805 
14,137 


6,261 

138,637 

363 

8,630 

8,251 

1,653 

7,332 

9,270 

2,637 

9,392 

14,36:1 

14,911 

9,435 

117 

48,663 

4,399 

1,190 

14,346 

65,638 

7,499 

9,055 

14,985 

17,091 

9,.574 

10,940 

18,808 

13,682 

15,875 

13,719 

10,741 

3;?,624 

28,653 

19,071 

144,903 

26,490 

20,175 

14,283 

11,501 

21,607 

11,257 

33,148 

11,302 


62,356 
6,729 
6,381 
28,t78 
27.316 
15,896 
18,213 
10,566 
24,759 
1.3,348 
10,249 
9,374 
38,315 
78,650 
96,494 
28,481 
W,irA 
10,693 


1.5,408 


3,916 
16,821 
6,233 


9,761 


27,820 
66,744 
10,0ini 
20,740 
8,768 
49,4:16 
4,200 
9,871 


2.5,823 
19,614 
39,764 
39,624 
431,107 
61,754 

7,458 
10,667 

1,033 
19,996 
24,773 

4,o:{3 

2,845 
14,714 

4,275 
14,102 
14,548 

6,493 

6,208 
236,101 

6,105 
12,086 
21,879 

6,048 
11,6:55 
10,i:J4 
14,427 
10,906 
l:i,299 
15,tj37 
12,807 

2,059 
51,587 

4,98<i 

1,444 
15,630 
09,128 

2,002 
14,515 
15,706 
18,990 
15,:i30 
18,780 
19,137 
12,948 
17,073 
13,660 
10,989 
32,:t37 
30,730 
20,700 
189,580 
25,175 
20,111 
15,329 
12,429 
2.3,211 
18,80;j 
32,t>37 
18,c:i7 

1,529 
56,172 

7,923 

9,248 
30,003 
28,025 
15,848 
2.3,104 
12,307 
27,185 
14,459 
10,850 
11,2.39 
45,099 
100,862 
123,290 
29,097 
11,705 
17,742 

1,487 
16,645 

3,980 

6,941 
20,479 

6,975 

15 

10,618 


60.17 
84.46 
38.1 
37.68 
19.V04 
64.38 
1.42 
24.076 

'71.73" 

3:<.360 

100.38 

101.34 

621.36 

199.206 

65.17 

20.107 

1.147 
63.32 
24.773 

0.6 

4.905 
22.706 
17.812 
24.003 
32.47 

8.582 
60.430 
711.14 

8.905 
32.002 
27.08 

8.703 
14.45 
2:<.50 

0.777 
21.51 
27.706 
20.884 
39..52 

2.287 
41.803 

1.187 

0.127 
.37.214 
145.53 

0.592 
21.22 
45.24 
19.181 
22.04 
27.14 
39.065 
34.07 
41.1 
31.03 
40.4 
61.013 
39.909 
32.28 
202.94 
5:1.79 
32.177 
26.429 
27.019 
26.79 
21.19 
4.5.329 

5.39 

0.578 
72.70 

9.5 
12.12 
42.73 
65.605 
36.08 
3.5.054 
01.836 
63.51 
36.005 
30.80 
18.86 
115.4 
210.108 
2.50.86 
64.99 
10.096 
42.04 

2.566 
120.:H 

1.3 
11.882 
22.055 
35.14 

0.010 

2.6645 


Kanie  of  county 
and  state. 


Mor«bouse.  La 

Morgan,  Ala 

Morgiin,  Col 

Morgan,  Ga 

Morgan,  III 

Morgan,  Ind 

Morgan,  Ky 

Morgan,  Mo , 

Morgan,  O 

Morgan,  Tenn , 

Morgan,  Utah 

Morgan,  W.  Va 

Morris,  Kiin 

Mortis,  N.J 

Morriij,Tex , 

Morrison,  Minn , 

Morrow,  O 

Morrow,  Ore , 

Morton,  Kan 

Morton,  N.D , 

Motley,  Tex 

Moultrie,  III 

Mountraill,  N.D 

Mower,  Minn 

Muhlenberg,  Ky.... 

Multiiomuh,  Ore 

Murray,  Ga 

Murray,  Minn , 

Muscatine,  Iowa 

Muscogee,  Gii 

Muskegon,  Mich 

Muskingum,  0 

Nacogdoches,  Tex 

Nance,  Neb 

Nansemond,  Va 

Nantucket,  Mhss 

Napa,  Cal 

Nash,  N.C 

Nassau,  Fla 

Natchitoches,  La 

Natrona,  Wyo 

Navarro,  Tex 

Nelson,  Ky 

Nelson,  N.D 

Nelson,  Va 

Nemaha,  Kan 

Nemaha,  Nob 

Neosho,  Kan 

Neshoba,  Miss 

Ness,  Kan 

Nevada,  Ark 

Nevada,  Cal 

Newaygo,  Mich 

Newberry,  S.C 

Now  Castle,  Del 

New  Hanover,  N.C... 
New  Haven,  Conn.... 

New  Kent,  Va 

New  London,  Conn... 

New  Madrid,  Mo 

Newport,  R.I 

Newton,  Ark 

Newton,  Ga 

Newton,  Ind 

Newton,  Ming 

Newton,  Mo 

Newton,  Tex 

New  York,  N.Y 

Nez  Perces,  Idaho 

Niagara,  N.Y 

Nidiolas,  Ky 

Nicholas,  W.  Va 

Nicollet,  Minn 

Noble,  Ind 

Noble.  0 

Nobles,  Minn 

NodawBy,  Mo 

Nolan,  Tex 

Norfolk,  Mass 

Norfolk,  Va 

Northampton,  N.C... 

Northampton,  Pa 

Northampton,  Va 

Nortliumberliind,  Pa. 
Norlliumb'Tland,  Va. 

Norman,  Minn 

Norton,  Kan 

Nottoway,  Va 

Nowlin,  S.D 

Noxulii'c,  M'Ss 

NnckollH,  Neb 

Nueces,  Tex 

Nye,  Nev 

Oakland,  Mich 

Obion,  Tenn 

O'Brien,  Iowa. 


Location 
iu  slate. 

Area 

Population. 

in 
■q.m. 

1880. 

1800. 

Per  sq.m, 
1800. 

NX 

845 

14,206 

16,786 

19.86 

N. 

680 

10,428 

24,089 

36.11 

N.E. 

1,290 
322 

1,601 
10,041 

1.241 

N.Cen. 

14,(a2 

49.81 

W.Cen. 

680 

31,614 

32,636 

6(i.'/r 

S.W.Cen. 

430 

18,900 

18,04:1 

43.36 

E.Cen. 

288 

8,4,55 

11,240 

89.06 

W.Cen. 

6:18 

10,132 

12,311 

19.296 

SE. 

400 

20,(rt4 

19,143 

47.857 

E.Cen. 

448 

6,156 

7,6:19 

17.05 

N.E. 

726 

1,783 

1,780 

2.44 

N.E. 

230 

6,777 

6,744 

29.:i2 

E.Cen. 

684 

9,265 

11,381 

10..34 

N.Cen. 

470 

60,801 

64,101 

116.108 

N.E. 

260 

6,032 

6,580 

26.307 

S.Cen. 

970 

6,876 

1.3,325 

l:i.73 

N.Cen. 

4;J2 

19,072 

18,120 

41.97 

N.E. 

2,020 
729 

4,206 

2.08 

S.W. 

724 

0.99 

S.S.W. 

3,108 

206 

4,728 

1.49 

N. 

1,080 

24 

1:50 

0.120 

E.Cen. 

340 

13,099 

14,481 

42.69 

NW'. 

2,895 

13 

122 

0.O42 

S.E. 

675 

10,799 

18,019 

26.69 

W.Cen. 

484 

15,098 

17,9.55 

37.05 

N.W. 

440 

25,203 

74,884 

170.19 

N.W. 

410 

8,209 

8,401 

20.63 

S.W. 

720 

3,004 

6,092 

9.294 

S.E. 

4;i5 

2:1,170 

24,,504 

60.;i3 

W.S.W. 

244 

19,:522 

27,701 

11:1.77 

W.S.W, 

620 

20,580 

40,013 

76.948 

E.Cen. 

051 

49,774 

51,210 

78.04 

E. 

960 

11,590 

15,984 

16.05 

E.Cen. 

436 

1,212 

5,773 

13.24 

S.E. 

400 

15,903 

19,692 

49.23 

S.E. 

65 

3,727 

3,268 

60.-Z7 

W.N.W. 

850 

13,2.35 

10,411 

19.:i(i7 

N.E. 

648 

17,731 

20,707 

37.78 

N.E. 

04(1 

0,0.35 

8,294 

12.9.59 

N.W.Cen 

1,285 

19,707 

25,8:16 

20,106 

E.Ceu. 

5,475 
1,020 

1,094 
2H,;i73 

0.199 

E.Cen. 

21,702 

26.86 

N.Cen. 

380 

16,009 

10,417 

43.202 

E.N.E. 

1,008 
375 

4,293 
15,:i36 

4.2.58 

W.Cen. 

16,536 

40.89 

N.E. 

720 

12,402 

19,249 

20.73 

S.E. 

391 

10,451 

12,930 

3:1.00 

S.E. 

576 

15,121 

18,501 

32.22 

N.Cen. 

660 

8,741 

11,146 

19.903 

W.Cen. 

1,080 

3,722 

4,944 

4.577 

S.W. 

610 

12,959 

14,832 

24.07 

N.N.E. 

1,(XX) 

20,823 

17,309 

17.309 

W.Cen. 

860 

14,088 

20,476 

23.809 

N.W.Cen 

600 

26,497 

20,434 

44.U56 

N. 

430 

77,710 

97,182 

226.004 

N.Cen. 

90 

21,:170 

24,020 

206.95 

SS.W. 

019 

150,523 

209,058 

3:17.73 

S.E. 

210 

5,516 

6,51 1 

20.24 

S.E. 

687 

73,162 

70,0:54 

111.55 

S.E. 

620 

7,094 

9,317 

15.027 

S.E. 

100 

24,180 

28,552 

285.52 

N.W.Cen 

838 

0,120 

9,950 

11.75 

N.Cen. 

200 

13,023 

14,:510 

55.0:18 

N.W. 

400 

8,167 

8,803 

22.007 

E.Cen. 

576 

13,4:50 

10,025 

28.80 

S.W. 

018 

18,947 

22,108 

34.117 

E. 

970 

4,369 

4,t)50 

4.8 

S.E. 

40 

1,206,299 

1,515.301 

37882.52 

W.N.W. 

1,010 

3,965 

2,847 

1.76 

W. 

504 

54,173 

02,491 

123.97 

N.E.Cen. 

190 

11,869 

10,704 

60.05 

Cen. 

720 

7,223 

9,:509 

12.92 

S.Cen. 

455 

12,:i3;i 

1:5,382 

29.41 

N.E. 

420 

22,950 

23,:559 

5.5.010 

E.S.E. 

415 

21,138 

20,753 

60.24 

S.W. 

720 

4,4:15 

7,0.58 

11.06 

N.W. 

848 

29,644 

30,914 

35.27 

W.Cen. 

900 

640 

1,573 

1.747 

E. 

494 

96,607 

118,0.50 

240.78 

S.E. 

476 

68,657 

77,038 

161.8 

N.K. 

608 

20,032 

21,242 

:i7.:i8 

E. 

380 

70,312 

84,2'20 

221.0:1 

S.E. 

290 

9,152 

10,313 

36.60 

E.Cen. 

463 

6.3,123 

74,098 

101.33 

E. 

180 

7,929 

7,885 

43.805 

NW 

1,440 
900 

10,018 

7.373 

N.N.W. 

6,998 

10,017 

11.796 

S.Cen. 

281 

11,166 

11,582 

41.21 

W.Cen. 

1,220 

149 

0.122 

E.N.E. 

068 

29,874 

27,3:18 

40.91 

S.E. 

670 

4,2:55 

11,417 

19.82 

S.E. 

2,4:50 

7,673 

8,093 

3.33 

S. 

10,908 

1,875 

1,290 

0.076 

S.E. 

900 

41,537 

41,245 

45.82 

N.W. 

640 

22,912 

27,273 

60.605 

N.W. 

676 

4,155 

13,000 

22.67 

AREA  AND  POPULATION  OF  THE   COUNTIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  KETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  county 
and  stale. 


Ocean,  N.J 

Oceana,  Mich 

Ochiltree,  Tex 

Oconee,  Ga 

Oconee,  S.C 

Oconto,  Wis 

Ogemaw,  9Iich.... 

Ogle,  III 

Oglf  thorpe,  Ga.... 

Ohio,  Ind 

Ohio,  Ky 

Ohio,  W.  Va 

Olianogan,  Wash. 
Oklahoma,  Oklii... 
Oktibbelia,  Miss.. 

Olilliam,  Ky 

Olilham,  Tex 

Oliver,  N.D 

Olmsted,  Minn.... 

Oneida,  Idaho 

Oneida,  N.Y 

Oneida,  Wis 

Onondaga,  N.Y 

Onslow,  N.C 

Ontario,  N.Y 

Ontonagon,  Mich 

Orange,  Cal 

Orange,  Fla 

Orange,  Ind 

Orange,  N.Y 

Orange,  N.C 

Orange,  Tex 

Orange,  Vt 

Orange,  Va 

OrangeUirg,  S.C 

Oregon,  Mo 

Orleans,  La 

Orleans,  N.Y 

Orleans,  Vt 

Ormsby,  Nev 

Osage,  Kan 

O^age,  Mo 

Osborne,  Kan 

Osceola,  Fla 

Osceola,  Iowa 

Osceola,  Slich 

O.scoda,  Mich 

Oswego,  N.Y 

Otero,  Col... 

Otoe,  Neb 

Otsego,  Mioh 

Otsego,  NY 

Ottawa,  Kan 

Ottawa,  Mich 

OttawH,  0 

Otter  Tail,  Minn 

Ouachita,  Ark 

Ouachita,  La 

Ouray,  Col 

Outagamie,  Wis 

Overton,  Tenn 

Owen,  Ind 

Owen,  Ky 

Ow.sley,  Ky 

Owyhee,  Idaho 

Oxford,  Me 

Ozark,  Mo 

Ozankee,  Wis 

Pacific,  Wash 

Page,  Iowa 

Page,  Va 

Palo  .Mto,  Iowa 

Palo  Pinto,  Tex 

Pamlico,  N.C 

Panola,  Miss 

Panola.  Tex 

Park,  Col 

Park,  Mont 

Parke,  Ind 

Parker,  Tex 

Parmer,  Tex 

Pasco,  Fla 

Pasquotank,  N.C 

Passaic,  N..I 

Patrick,  Va 

Paulding,  Ga 

Paulding,  0 

Pawnee,  Kan 

Pawnee,  Neb 

Payne,  Okla 

Pearl  River,  Miss 

Pecos,  Tex 

Pembina,  N.D 

Pemiscot,  Mo 

Pender,  N.C 

Pendleton,  Ky 

4 


Location 
iu  state. 


E.S.E. 

W. 

N.W. 

N.Cen. 

N.W. 

N.E. 

E.N.K. 

N. 

N.Cen. 

E.S.E. 

W.Cen. 

N. 

N. 

E.Cen. 

E.N.E. 

N. 

N.W. 

S.  W.Cen. 

S.E. 

S.E. 

E.Cen. 

N. 

Cen. 

S.E. 

W.Cen. 

N.W. 

S.W. 

E. 

S. 

S.W. 

N.E.Cen. 

E.S.E. 

N.E.Cen. 

Cen. 

S.S.E. 

S.E. 

W. 

N. 

W. 

E.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

E. 

N.W. 

N.W.Cen 

E.N.E. 

N.Cen. 

S.E.Cen. 

S.E. 

N.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

N.E  Cen. 

W.S.W. 

N.N.W. 

W. 

S.S.W. 

N.E.  Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

E. 

N.E.Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

N.N.E. 

E.Ceu. 

S.W. 

w.s.w. 

s. 

S.E. 

S.W. 

S.W. 

N.Cen. 

N.N.W. 

N.E.Cen. 

E.S.E. 

N.W. 

E.N.E. 

Cen. 

S. 

w. 

N.E.Cen. 
N.W. 
W.Cen. 
N.E. 

N.E. 
SW. 
N.W.Cen 
N.W. 

S.W.Cen. 

S.E. 
N.E. 

S.E. 
W. 

N.E. 
S.E. 
S.E. 

N.N.E. 


578 
540 
900 
168 
620 
1,127 
570 
780 
628 
90 
610 
120 

7,258 
7.50 
4C0 
170 

1,460 
720 
648 

2,700 

1,196 

2,036 
824 
640 
674 

1,342 
740 

1,566 
400 
791 
380 
390 
659 
360 

1,4110 
78u 
187 
399 
728 
144 
720 
686 
900 

1,758 
408 
580 
580 
962 

2,050 
609 
540 
956 
720 
570 
311 

2,200 
732 
644 
450 
640 
360 
390 
312 
176 

7,800 

1,892 
780 
232 
896 
528 
258 
670 
900 
46(1 
680 
800 

2,100 

5,558 
440 
900 
850 
800 
200 
197 
621 
340 
414 
756 
432 
600 
666 

6,700 

1,120 
480 
800 
310 


Population. 


1880.        1890.      ^'^j'gu?;'"' 


14,565 
11,699 


6,361 
16,256 

9,848 

1,914 
29,937 
15,400 

5,.563 
19,609 
37,457 


1.5,978 

7,607 

287 


21,543 

6,904 

115,475 


117,893 

9,829 

49,541 

2,565 


6,618 
14,303 
88,220 
23,698 

2,938 
23,525 
1.3,062 
41,395 

.\791 
216,090 
30,128 
22,083 

5,412 
19,642 
11,824 
12,517 


2,219 

10,777 

467 

77,911 


1.5,727 
1,974 
61,397 
10,307 
33,126 
19,762 
18,675 
11,768 
14,685 
2,669 
28,716 
12,153 
15,901 
17,401 
4,942 
1,426 
32,627 
5,618 
15,461 
1,645 
19,667 
9,965 
4,131 
5,885 
6,323 
28,352 
12,219 
3,970 


19,460 
16,870 


10,369 
68,860 
12,833 
10,887 
13,485 
5,396 
6,920 


1,807 
4,862 
4,299 
12,468 
16,702 


15,974 

16,698 

198 

7,713 

18,687 

15,009 

5,583 

28,710 

16,951 

4,955 

22,946 

41,557 

1,467 

11,742 

17,694 

6,754 

270 

464 

19,434 

6,819 

122,922 

5,010 

146,247 

10,303 

48,453 

3,756 

13,589 

12,684 

14,678 

97,8.59 

14,498 

4,770 

19,  .575 

12,814 

49,393 

10,2.57 

242,039 

30,803 

22,101 

4,883 

26,062 

13,080 

12,083 

3,1.33 

6,574 

14,630 

1,904 

71,883 

4,192 

25,403 

4,272 

50,861 

12,581 

35,358 

21,974 

34,2:^2 

17,0;!3 

17,985 

6,510 

38,f)90 

12,039 

15,040 

17,676 

5,976 

2,021 

30,586 

9,795 

14,943 

4,368 

21,341 

13,092 

9,318 

8,320 

7,146 

26,977 

14,328 

3,548 

6,881 

20,296 

21,682 

7 

4,249 

10,748 

105,046 

14,147 

11,948 

25,932 

5,204 

10,340 

7,215 

2,957 

1,326 

14,334 

6,975 

12,514 

16,346 


27.635 
29.07 
0.22 
45.31 
30.14 
13.31 
9.79 
36.807 
32.104 
55.055 
37.616 
346.3 
0.202 
15.656 
38.48 
39.72 
0.116 
0.644 
29.99 
2.52 
102.861 
2.46 
177.48 
16.098 
71.888 
2.79 
18.363 
8.035 
36.695 
123.71 
38.15 
12.2;J 
29.704 
35..59 
35.28 
13.15 
1294.3 
77.2 
30.3.5 
33.909 
34.808 
22.32 
13.42 
1.78 
13.66 
26.22 
3.282 
74.72 
2.044 
41.71 
7.91 
53.201 
17.47 
62.031 
70.655 
18.66 
23.29 
27.7 
14.46 
60.45 
33.44 
38..56 
66.653 
33.94 
0.259 
16.16 
12.55 
64.409 
4.86 
40.41 
45.458 
16.17 
8.K6 
15.534 
39.67 
17.91 
1.213 
1.237 
46.127 
24.091 
0.008 
5.311 
63.74 
533.24 
27.153 
35.141 
62.6.37 
6.87 
24.19 
12.02 
4.43 
0.197 
12.798 
12.447 
15.64 
62.7 


Name  of  county 
and  state. 


Pendleton,  W.  Va.... 

Penningtcn,  S.D 

Penobscot,  Me 

Peoria,  III 

Pepin,  Wis 

Perkins,  Neb , 

Perquiniaus,  N.C 

Perry,  Ala 

Perry,  Ark 

Perry,  III 

Perry,  Ind 

Perry,  Ky 

Perry,  Mi^8 

Perry,  Mo 

Perry.O 

Perry,  Pa 

Perry,  Tenn 

Person,  N.C 

Pettis,  Mo 

Phelps,  Mo 

Phelps,  Neb 

Philadelphia,  Pa 

Phillips,  Ark 

Phillips,  Col 

Phillips,  Kan 

Piatt,  III 

Pickaway,  0 

Pickens,  Ala 

Pickens,  Ga 

Pickens,  S.C 

Pickett,  Tenn 

Pierce,  Ga 

Pierce,  Neb 

Pierce,  N.D 

Pierce,  Wash 

Pierce,  Wis 

Pike,  Ala 

Pike,  Ark 

Pike,  Ga 

Pike,  III 

Pike,  Ind 

Pike,  Ky 

Pike,  Miss 

Pike,Mo 

Pike,  O 

Pike,  Pa 

Pima,  Ariz 

Pinal,  Ariz 

Pine,  Minn 

Pipe  Stone,  Minn 

Piscataquis,  Me 

Pitkin,  Col 

Pitt,  N.C 

Pittsylvania,  Va. 

PiUte,  Utah 

Placer,  Cal 

Plaquemines,  La 

Platte,  Mo 

Platte.  Neb 

Pleasants,  W.  Va 

Plumas,  Cal 

Plymouth,  Iowa 

Plymouth,  Mass 

Pocahontas,  Iowa 

Pocahontas,  W.  Va... 

Poinsett,  Ark 

Point  Coupe,  La 

Polk,  Ark 

Polk,  Fla 

Polk,  Ga 

Polk,  Iowa 

Polk,  Minn 

Polk,  Mo 

Polk,  Neb 

Polk,  N.C 

Polk,  Ore 

Polk,  Tenn 

Polk,  Tex 

Polk,  Wis 

Pontotoc,  Miss 

Pope,  Ark 

Pope,  111 

Pope,  Minn 

Portage,  O 

Portage,  Wis 

Porter,  Ind 

Posey,  Ind 

Pottawatomie,  Kan... 
Pottawattamie,  Iowa 

Potter,  Pa 

Potter,  S.D 

Potter.  Tex 

Powell,  Ky 

Poweshiek,  Iowa 

Powhatan,  Va 

Prairie,  Ark 


Location 
in  state. 


E. 

S.W. 

S.E.  Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

W. 

S.W. 

N.E. 

W.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

S.W. 

S. 

S.E. 

S.E. 

E.S.E. 

SE.Cen. 

S.S.E. 

W.Cen. 

E.N.E. 

W.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

S. 

S.E. 

E.S.E. 

N.E. 

N.N.W. 

E.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

W.N.W. 

N.W.Cen 

N.W. 

N.N.E. 

S.E. 

N.E. 

N.E.Cen. 

SW.Cen 

W. 

S.E. 

S.W.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

W. 

S.W. 

S.E. 

S. 

E.N.E. 

S. 

N.E. 

S. 

S.Cen. 

E. 

S.W. 

Cen. 

W.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

S.S.W. 

S.Cen. 

E.N.E. 

S.E. 

N.W. 

N.E.Cen. 

N.W. 

N.E. 

N.W. 

S.E. 

N.W.Cen 

S.E. 

N.E. 

S.E.Cen. 

W. 

Cen. 

N.W. 

S.Cen. 

N.W. 

S  W.Cen. 

S.E  Cen. 

S.S  W. 

W.N.W. 

S.E. 

ECen. 

N.W. 

N.E. 

N.W.Cen 

S.E. 

S.W.Cen. 

N.E. 

E.Cen. 

N.W. 

S.W. 

N.E. 

S.W. 

N. 

N.Cen. 

N.W. 

E.Cen. 

S.E.Cen. 

S.E.Cen. 

E.Cen. 


Area 

in 
sq.  m. 


650 
1,521 
3,332 
615 
244 
882 
240 
774 
66<J 
440 
380 
448 

1,116 
436 
402 
650 
420 
420 
668 
640 
576 
130 
650 
670 
9(K) 
440 
501 
934 
276 
464 
240 
656 
576 
864 

1,.376 
570 
710 
620 
262 
795 
310 
780 
720 
620 
436 
620 
10,596 

6,300 

1,400 
460 

3,772 
950 
658 
914 

3,659 

1,492 
930 
410 
682 
150 

2,720 
818 
671 
576 
765 
720 
6S0 
936 

2,060 
330 
676 

3,030 
640 
439 
276 
616 
400 

1,200 
955 
6,30 
795 
360 
720 
480 
792 
410 
398 
848 
900 

1,070 
90(1 
900 
144 
676 
265 
658 


Population. 


1880.        1890.     ^Y8l2lt°^ 


8,022 
2,244 
70,476 
55,355 
6,226 


9,466 
30,741 

3,872 
16,007 
16,997 

5,607 

3,427 
11,895 
28,218 
27,522 

7,174 
13,719 
27,271 
12,568 

2,447 
847,170 
21,262 


12,014 
15,583 
27,415 
21,479 
6,790 
14,389 


4,538 
1,202 


3,319 
17,744 
20,640 
e,-Mb 
15,849 
33,751 
16,383 
13,001 
16,688 
26,715 
17,927 
9,663 
17,006 
3,044 
1,365 
2,092 
14,872 


21,794 

62,589 

1,661 

U,Zi2 

11,676 

17,306 

9,51 1 

6,256 

6,180 

8,566 

74,018 

3,713 

6,691 

2,192 

17,785 

6,857 

3,181 

11,952 

42,395 

ll,43;j 

15,734 

6,846 

5,062 

6.601 

7,269 

7,189 

10,018 

1.3,858 

14,222 

13,256 

5,874 

27,.500 

17,731 

17,227 

20,857 

16,.3.50 

39,8.50 

13,797 


28 
3,6.39 
18,936 
7,817 
8,435 


8,711 

6,540 

72,865 

70,378 

6,932 

4,364 

9,293 

29,332 

5,538 

17,529 

18,240 

6,331 

6,494 

13,237 

31,151 

26,276 

7,785 

15,151 

31,151 

12,6;!6 

9,869 

1,046,964 

25,341 

2,642 

13,6()1 

17,062 

26,959 

22,470 

8,182 

16,389 

4,736 

6,379 

4,864 

905 

60,940 

20,385 

24,423 

8,637 

16,300 

31, (KX) 

18,544 

17,378 

21,203 

26,321 

17,482 

9,412 

12,673 

4,251 

4,052 

5,132 

16,134 

8,929 

26,519 

69,941 

2,842 

1.5,101 

12,.541 

16,248 

15,437 

7,539 

4,933 

19,568 

92,700 

9,553 

6,814 

4,272 

19,613 

9,283 

7,906 

14,945 

66,410 

30,192 

20,:«9 

10,817 

5,902 

7,858 

8,361 

10,.3,32 

12,968 

14,940 

19,458 

14,016 

10,0.32 

27,868 

24,798 

18,052 

21,6-29 

17,722 

47,430 

22,778 

2,910 

849 

4,698 

18,394 

6,791 

11,374 

41 


13.401 

4.29'J 
21.86 
114.43 
28.409 
4.947 
38.72 
37.89 
9.88 
39.83 
48. 
14.13 
5.81 
30.36 
77.48 
47.77 
18..5.35 
36.07 
46.61S 
19.74 
17.133 
8053.50 
38.98 
4.635 
15.17 
38.77 
53.81 
24.067 
29.64 
35.322 
19.733 
11.493 
8.44 
1.047 
37.02 
35.70 
34.39   , 
13.753 
62.213 
38.113 
59.819 
22.27 
29.448 
42.453 
40.096 
16.18 
1.196 
0.802 
2.894 
11.15 
4.27 
9.39 
38.75 
65..58 
0.77 
10.12 
13.48 
39.62 
22.63 
60.20 

1.813 
23.92 
138.152 
16.571 
8.81 
5.93 

3:i.8l 

9.92   . 

3.83 
4,5.28 
113.55 

9.964 
31.77 
24.64 
21.38 
12.77 
20.902 

8.61 
13.579 
28.18 
24.47 
38.93 
13.933 
58.06 
31.31 
44.029 
54.09 
20.89 
52.7 
21.28T 

.3.23 

0.943 
32.62 
31.93 
26.631 
17.28 


AREA  AND  POPULATION  OF  THE  COUNTIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


P9NSUS  BETUBNS  OF  1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


XUM  of  009047 


Pratt.  Ku 

Pmi,ll.U 

PrvM*.  O 

PnntlM,  Ml«a~ 

lYMho.  K.D 

PiwMlo,  Tex 

Ptmoim  Me,  Mich... 
-       an.  W.V*. 


FriwsWto. 
PrlDoe  Kdwanl,  Va.. 
PrlBC*  Q«orgr.  Va... 
Princ*  OrargoV  Md 
Priui»M  Anna,  Va.... 
Prfuee  William,  Va... 

PNvldence,  B.I 

PiWMta,  Col 

PmUo,OoI 

P«iUkt,Ark 

PMbMkt,  Qa > 

Pvfawki,  III 

PalMki,  InJ 

Pulaiki,  Ky 

INilajki,  Mo 

P«lH«ki,  Va 

IHllnaM.  Fla 

Piituam,  Oa 

Putnam,  III 

Putuam,  Ind 

PalnHin,  Mo 

Putiiam,  N.Y.- 

Paliiani,  O 

Putnam,  T<>nn 

Putriani,  W.  Va. 

Pjatt.S.!) 

Qunvn  Anne'i,  Hd... 

Qitreni,  N.Y , 

Quilmau,  Ga 

Quitman,  Miu 

Itabun,  Ga 

Hacine.  Wn 

K«in«,Tex , 

Raleigh,  W.  Va. 

mill.  Mo 

KamaD.v,  Hinn 

Ramspv,  N.D_ 

Itaiidail,  Tex 

Kamlolpli,  Ala. , 

Baiidolph,  Ark 

Ilanilulpli,  Ga« 

ItinUuliih,  III , 

Baiidolph,  Ind 

Bandolpli,  Mo 

Rand.lph,  N.C 

Kandolph.  W.  Vb._. 

llanklo.  MIm 

Bansom,  N.D 

Kapides,  La 

Rappahannock,  Va. 

Kawlino,  Kan 

Bay,  Mo 

Red  River,  La. , 

Red  River,  Tex 

Red  Willow,  Neb.... 

Redwood,  Minn 

Beeves,  Tex 

Refugio,  Tex 

Reno,  Kan 

Renville,  Minn 

Renville,  N.D 

Rensaelaer.N.T.. 
Republic,  Kan.... 

Reynolds.  Mo 

Rbea,Tenn - 

Rice,  Kan 

Rice,  Minn ... 

Rich.  Utah „ 

Sichanlaon,  Neb. 
ichland,  III 

Richland,  La. 

Richland,  N.D.... 

Richland,  0 

Richland,  S.C„... 
Richland.  WU.... 
Rirhmond,  Qa.  .. 
Richmond,  N.Y.. 
Richmond  N.C. 
Richmond,  Va.... 

Riley,  Kan 

Rinehart,  8.D 

Ringgold,  Iowa.. 
Rio  Arriba.  N.M. 
Rio  Blnnco.  Col- 
Rio  Grande,  Col.. 

Ripley,  Ind 

Ripley,  Mo 

Httchle,  W.Va... 

42 


Loralkm 
iu  atate. 


8.0eo. 
N.W.0W1 
8.W. 
N.K. 

8  Ceo. 
W. 
N.E. 
N.N.K. 

N.W.Oen 

S.Cen. 

8.E.On. 

W. 

8.E. 

N.K. 

N.E. 

8.E. 

dj;.Cen. 

Cen. 

S.Cen. 

8. 

N.W.Cen 

8.S.E. 

8.Cen. 

S.W. 

N.E. 

B.Con. 

N.Cen. 

W.Con. 

N. 

8.E. 

N.W. 

Cen. 

W. 

N.W.Cen 

E. 

S.E. 

w.s.w. 

N.W. 

N.E, 

8.E. 

N.E. 

S.W. 

N.E. 

8.E. 

N.E.Cen. 

N.W. 

E.N.E. 

N.E. 

S.W. 

8.W. 

E. 

N.Cen. 

Cen. 

E.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

SJl 

Cen. 

N.Cen. 

N.W. 

W.N.W. 

N.W. 

N.E. 

S. 

S.W. 

w. 

E.S.K 

S.Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

N.N.W. 

E. 

n'.n.e. 

8.E.Cen. 

8.E. 

Cen. 

8.E. 

N.W. 

S.E. 

E8E. 

N.E. 

8.E. 

N.Cen. 

N.ECen 

8.W. 

E.N.E. 

8.E. 

8. 

E. 

N.E. 

N.W. 

8.8.W. 

N. 

N.W. 

S.8.W. 

8.E. 

8.E. 

N.W. 


Arra 

in 
•<1.  m. 


7!0 

\,tto 
tast 

415 
1,18S 

3,470 
715 
709 

I.IOU 
SiS 
2U8 
4«0 
270 
357 
410 

1.630 

2,400 
88:i 
4^5 
190 
430 
870 
620 
345 
776 
Xio 
170 
490 
642 
211 
480 
430 
350 

1,510 
352 
250 
168 
4(10 
4C4 
340 
270 
670 
490 
1G2 
93fi 
900 
699 
622 
449 
560 
460 
470 
750 

1,175 
755 
864 

1,495 
270 

1,080 
6i<4 
386 

1,060 
720 
870 

2,390 
760 

1,260 
900 

1,3:I2 
043 
72() 
830 
360 
720 
505 
980 
545 
361 
675 

1,440 
487 
608 
670 
329 
61 
789 
210 
612 
83.1 
645 

7,160 

3.600 

l,2fi0 

4.T0 

64(1 

612 


1880. 


Population. 


1880. 


1,890 

"a4*,6^ 
12,168 


2,873 
3,113 
1U,0»1 
785 
14,608 
10,054 
26,451 
9,304 
9,180 
197,874 


7,617 

32,616 

14,058 

0,507 

9,851 

21,318 

7,250 

8,755 

6,261 

14,5.19 

6,554 

22,.50l 

13,.'>55 

15,181 

23,713 

11,501 

11,375 


1!>,257 

90,574 

4,392 

1,407 

4,634 

30,922 

3,0:J5 

7,367 

11,838 

4.5,890 

281 

3 

16,575 

11,724 

13,:M1 

25,690 

26,4:» 

22,751 

20,8;J6 

8,102 

16,752 

637 

23,56! 

9,291 

1,623 

20,190 

8,.'>73 

17,194 

3,044 

5,375 


1,.58.') 
12,826 
10,791 


11.5,328 
14,911 
6,722 
7,073 
9,292 
22,481 
1,263 

i.5,o:n 

l,'i,545 
8,440 
3,697 
36,306 
28,573 
18,174 
34,665 
38,991 
18,245 
7,1'J5 
10,430 


12,085 
11,023 


1,944 
21  627 

6,377 
13,474 


8,118 

23 

23,421 

13,079 

181 

1,698 

4,687 

20,355 

6,258 

14,694 

7,872 

26,080 

9,510 

9,8tt5 

255,123 

1,909 

31,491 

47,329 

16,559 

11,355 

11,2:53 

25,731 

9,:«7 

12,700 

11,186 

14,842 

4,730 

22,:«.5 

1.1,365 

14,849 

30,188 

13,6S3 

14,342 

31 

18,461 

128,n.j9 

4,471 

3,286 

6,G0fl 

36,268 

3,9(J9 

9,597 

12,2!i4 

139,796 

4,418 

ls7 

17,219 

14,485 

15,267 

20,019 

28,085 

24,893 

25,195 

11,633 

17,922 

5,393 

27,642 

8,678 

6,756 

24,215 

11,318 

21,452 

8,837 

9,386 

1,247 

1,2.39 

27,079 

17,099 

99 

124,511 

19,002 

6,6!3 

12,(>47 

14,451 

23,968 

l,f)27 

17,.574 

15,019 

10,230 

10,761 

38,072 

36,821 

19,121 

45,194 

51,693 

23,948 

7,146 

13,183 


13..556 

11,534 
1,200 
8,451 

19,350 
8,.322 

16,621 


11.275 
0.018 
64.215 
32.23 
0.152 
0.48 
6.556 
28.709 
4.524 
42.224 
26.94 
64.333 
36.22 
27.46 
679.82 
1.193 
13.121 
63.484 
38.0C6 
69.76 
26.123 
29.67 
18.051 
:13.91 
14.414 
44.3 
27.82 
45.58 
28.34 
61.61 
62.89 
31.58 
40.98 
0.021 
52.44 
512.236 
20.01 
8.215 
12.08 
106  65 
14.477 
16.83 
25.08 
862.93 
4.709 
0.2 
28.74 
2:1.28 
34.002 
44.73 
61.0.54 
62.75 
33.59 
9.9 
2:i.73 
6.24 
18.48 
32.14 
6.25 
41.464 
29.:12 
20.2.37 
12.273 
10.788 
0.52 
1.63 
13.554 
18.908 
0.074 
193.79 
26.391 
7.991 
35.13 
20.07 
47.46 
1.558 
32.24 
41.6 
17.79 
7.465 
78.17 
60  50 
33..54 
13.73 
847.42 
:«).:552 
34.028 
21.64 

"24'.'87' 
1.613 
0.33 
2.73 

43. 

13.oo:i 

32.462 


Name  ol  county 
aud  state. 


Boane,  Tenn 

Roane,  W.  Va 

Roanoke,  Va 

Rolterts,  8.U 

Roberta,  Tex 

Robertson,  Ky 

Robertson,  Tenu 

Buberlsun,  Tex 

Robeson,  N.C 

Uuck,  Minn 

Rock,  Neb 

Rock,  Wis 

Rockbridge,  Va 

Rock  Castle,  Ky 

Rockdale,  Ga 

Rockingham,  N.H.... 

Rockingham,  N.C 

Rockingham,  Va 

Rock  Island,  III 

Rockland,  N.Y 

Rockwall,  Tex 

Rolette,  N.D 

Rooks,  Kan 

Roscommon,  Mich.... 

Ross,  O 

Routt,  Col 

Rowan,  Kv 

Rowan.  N.C 

Runnels,  Tex 

Ruali,  Ind 

Rush.  Kan 

Rusk,  Tex 

Rui>8ell,  AU 

Russell,  Kan 

Russell,  Ky 

Russell,  Va 

Rutherford,  N.C 

Rutherford,  Tenn 

Rutland,  Vt 

Sabine,  La 

Sabine,  Tex 

Sac,  Iowa 

Sacramento,  Cal 

Sagadahoc,  Me 

Saginaw,  Mich.... 

Sagnaclie,  Col 

Saint  Bernard,  La 

Saint  Charles,  La 

Saint  Charles,  Mo.. 

Saint  Clair,  Ala 

Saint  Clair,  III 

Saint  Clair,  Midi... 

Saint  (lair.  Mo 

Saint  Croix,  Wis.... 
Sainte  Gencvieve,Mo. 
Saint  Francis,  Ark.... 
Saint  Francois,  Mo.... 
Saint  Helena.  La... 

Saint  James,  La 

St.  John  Baptist,  La.. 

Saint  John's,  Fla 

t^aint  Joseph,  Ind 

Saint  Joseph,  Mich.. 

Saint  Landry,  La 

Saint  Lawrence,  N.Y 
Saint  Louis,  Minn... 

Saint  Louis,  Mo 

Saint  Martin.  La 

Saint  Mar.v's,  La 

Saint  Mar.v's,  Md 

Saint  Tammany,  La.. 

Salem,  N.J 

Saline,  Ark 

Saline,  III 

Saline,  Kan 

Saline,  Mo 

Saline,  Neb 

Salt  Lake,  Utah 

Sam|i8on,  N.C 

San  Augustine.  Tex.. 

San  Benito,  Cal 

San  Bernardino,  Cal., 

Sanborn,  S.D 

San  Diego,  Cal 

Sandusky,  0 

San  Francisco,  Cal.... 

Sangamon,  III 

Sanilac,  Mich 

San  Jacinto,  Tex 

San  Joaquin,  Cal , 

San  Juan,  Col 

San  Jnan,  N.M 

San  Juan,  Utah 

San  Juan,  Wa^h 

San  Luis  Obi8|x>,  Cal. 
San  Mateo,  Cal 


Location 
iu  state. 


K.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

B.W.Cen. 

N.E. 

NW. 

N.E. 

N.N.W. 

E.Cen. 

S.E. 

s.w. 

N. 

S.E. 

W.Cen. 

S.  E.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

S.E. 

N. 

W.N.W. 

N.W. 

S.E. 

N.K.Cen. 

N. 

N.N.W. 

N.  Cen. 

S.Cen. 

N.W. 

N  E.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

Cen. 

E.S.E. 

W.Cen. 

N.E. 

E.S.E. 

W.Cen. 

S.S.E. 

W. 

S.W. 

Cen. 

W. 

w. 

E 

N.W.Cen 

N.Ceu. 

S.W. 

S.E.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

S.E. 

S.E. 

E. 

N.E.Cen, 

S.W. 

S.E. 

W.S.W. 

W.N.W. 

E.S.E. 

E. 

E.S.E. 

E.S.E. 

S.E  C»  n. 

S.E. 

NE. 

N. 

S.W. 

S.Cen. 

N.E. 

N.E. 

E. 

S.Cen. 

S. 

s. 

S.E. 

S.W. 

Cen. 

S.E. 

E.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

S.E. 

N.Cen. 

S.E. 

E 

W.S.W. 

S.E. 

E.Cen. 

S. 

N. 

W. 

Cen. 

E. 

E.Cen. 

Cen. 

S.W. 

N.W. 

S.E. 

N.W. 

S.W. 

W. 


Area 

in 
•q  m. 


460 
470 
321 

1,100 
900 
210 
636 
850 

1,010 
470 
866 
720 
750 
280 
126 
709 
608 
883 
440 
200 
150 
936 
9(KI 
580 
658 

6,000 
320 
458 
910 
414 
720 
930 
670 
900 
260 
453 
498 
580 
903 

1,010 
680 
570 

1,010 
260 
816 

3,24(1 
080 
288 
620 
618 
680 
70.5 
690 
7:iO 
450 
612 
410 
420 
3(X) 
195 
990 
470 
.504 

1,7(K) 

2,926 

5,860 
492 
62(1 
64U 
SCO 
915 
340 
622 
380 
720 
76(1 
57U 
7.*i4 
990 
560 

1,0(K) 
21,(i(K» 
580 
14,548 
418 
50 
860 
900 
040 

l,:i8n 

500 
6,008 
9,178 

600 
3,4(14 

460 


Population. 


1880. 


16,2:17 
12,184 
13,106 


32 
6,814 
18,801 
22,3'«3 
23,880 
3,609 


38,82:i 

20,003 

9,67(1 

6,838 

49,064 

21,744 

29,567 

38,a02 

27,690 

2,984 


8,112 

1,4.'J9 

40,:i07 

140 

4,420 

19,966 

980 

19,2:18 

5,490 

18,986 

24,8.37 

7,:)51 

7,591 

13,90(i 

1.5,198 

36,741 

41,829 

7,:^44 

4,101 

8,774 

34,:i9(i 

19,272 

69,095 

1.973 

4,405 

7,161 

23,(IC5 

14,462 

01,>-OC 

46,197 

14,12.5 

18,96(1 

10,890 

8,3^9 

13,822 

7,.5()4 

11,714 

9,(j80 

4,5:i5 

.^3,178 

26,626 

40,((i4 

85,997 

4,504 

31,^88 

12,(163 

19,891 

16,9:14 

6,887 

24,.579 

8,953 

15,94(1 

l:i,808 

29,911 

14,491 

31,977 

22,M)4 

5,084 

6,584 

7,780 


8,61 1< 
32,fl57 
23:1,9.59 
62,894 
26,341 

6,186 
24,:i49 

1,087 


204 

048 

9,142 

8,669 


1800. 


17,418 

15,:.03 

30,101 

1,997 

326 

4,684 

20,078 

20,.5O0 

31,483 

6,817 

3,0(-3 

4:1,220 

23,0(12 

9,841 

6,813 

49,060 

25,:i63 

31,299 

41,917 

35,102 

6,972 

2,427 

8,018 

2,o:i:i 

39,454 

2,369 

6,129 

24,123 

3,193 

19, 0:14 

6,2(H 

18,559 

24,093 

7,:l:i3 

8,l:iG 

10,120 

18,770 

3.5,097 

45,:!97 

9,:i90 

4,909 

14,oV'2 

40,:i39 

19,452 

82,27:1 

.3,;il3 

4,:i26 

7,737 

22,977 

17,.353 

06,571 

52,105 

1(1,747 

2:1,139 

9,883 

1:1,543 

17,:i47 

8,062 

1.5,715 

11,:}59 

8,712 

42,457 

25,:j.56 

40,250 

85,048 

44,8(12 

3(i,:i07 

14,884 

22,416 

15,819 

10,160 

2.5,1.51 

11,311 

19,:t42 

17,442 

:«,762 

2(1,097 

58,457 

25,096 

6,688 

6.412 

25,497 

4,610 

34,987 

30,617 

298,997 

61,195 

32,,589 

7,:i60 

28,629 

1,572 

1,890 

366 

2,072 

16,072 

10,087 


AREA  AND  POPULATION  OF  THE   COUNTIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  county 
and  state. 


San  Miguel,  Col. . 
San  Miguel,  N.M. 
San  Patricio,  Tex. 

Sanpete,  Utaii 

San  Saba,  Tex 

Santa  Barbara,  Cal  ... 

Santa  Clara,  Cal 

Santa  Cruz,  Cal 

SanlaFe,  N.M 

Santa  Uo»a,  Fla 

Saratoga,  N.Y 

Sargent,  N.l) 

Sarpy,  Neb 

Sauk,  Wis 

Sauiiderii,  Neb 

Sawyer,  Win 

Sclienectadv,  N.Y 

Sclileichcr,  Tex 

Schley,  Ga 

Sclinasse,  S  D 

Scholi«rie,N.Y 

Scliooloral't,  Mich 

Schuyler,  111 

Schuyler,  Mo 

Schuyler,  N.Y 

Schuylkill,  Pa 

Scioto,  0 

Scol.cy,S.n 

Scotland,  Mo 

Scott,  Ark 

Scott,  111 

Scott,  Ind 

Scott,  Iowa 

Siotr,  Kan 

Scott,  Ky 

Scott,  Minn 

Scott,  Mias 

Scott,  Mo 

Scott,  Tcnu 

Scott,  Va 

Scott's  Bluff,  Neb 

Screven,  Ga 

Scurry,  Tex 

Seary,  Ark 

Seba.stian,  Ark 

Sedgwick,  Col 

Sedgwick,  Kan 

Seneca,  N.Y 

Seneca,  0 

Sequatchie,  Tenn 

Sevier,  Ark 

Sevier,  Tenn 

Sevier,  Utah 

Seward,  Kan 

Seward,  Neb. 

Shackelford,  Tex 

Shannon,  Mo 

Shannon,  S.D 

Sharkey,  Miss 

Sharp,  Ark 

Shasta,  Cal 

Shawano,  Wis 

Shawnee,  Kan 

Sheboygan,  Wis 

Shelby,  Ala 

Shelby,  111 

Shelby.  Ind 

Shelby,  Iowa 

Shelby,  Ky 

Shelby,  Mo 

Shelby,  0 

Slielby,  Tonn 

Shelby,  Tex 

Shenandoah,  Va 

Sherburne,  Minn 

Sheridan,  Kan 

Sheridan,  Neb 

Sheridan,  N.D 

Sheridan,  Wyo 

Sherman,  Kan 

Sherman,  Neb 

Sherman,  Ore 

Sherman,  Tex 

Shiawaasee,  Mich 

Shoshone,  Idaho 

Sibley,  Minn 

Sierra,  Cal 

Sierra,  N.M 

Silver  Bow,  Mont 

Simpson,  Ky 

Simpson,  Miss 

Sioux,  Iowa 

Sioux,  Neb 

SiHkivou,  Cal 

Skagit,  Wash 

SkamauJH,  Wash 


Location 
in  state. 


S.W. 
N.E. 

8.E. 

Cen. 

Cen. 

SW. 

W. 

W. 

N.Cen. 

N.W. 

E. 

S.E. 

E. 

S.Cen. 

E. 

N.W.Cen 

VV  Cen. 
WS.W. 
N.N.W. 

E.Cen. 

N.E. 

W.N.W. 

N.E. 

S.W.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

S. 

W.Cen. 

N.E. 

W. 

W. 

S.E. 

E.S.E. 

W.Cen. 

N.E.  Cen. 

S.E.Ceu. 

Cen. 

S.E. 

N.N.E. 

S  W. 

w. 

E. 

N.W.Cen 
N.Cen. 
W. 

N.E. 

S.S.E. 

W.Cen. 

N. 
S.S.E. 

s.w. 

E. 

S.Cen. 

S.W. 

S.E.Cen. 

N:Cen. 

S.E.Cen. 

S.W. 

W. 

N.E. 

N. 

N. E.Cen. 

N.E.Cen. 

S.E. 

N.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

SE.Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

N. 

N.E. 

W. 

S.W. 

N.E. 

N.W. 

S.Cen. 

N.W. 

N.W. 

W.Cen. 

N. 

N.W. 

Cen. 

N. 

N.W. 

S.ECon. 

N.W. 

S.Cen. 

N.E. 

S.W. 

S.E.Cen. 

ss.w. 

S.Cen. 

N  W. 

N.W. 

N. 

N.W. 

S.S.W. 


Area 

in 
sq.  m. 


1,3(X) 

I3,ii46 

630 

1,784 

1,180 

2,380 

1,380 

425 

2,292 

l,29(i 

800 

8U4 

230 

837 

740 

1,3G8 

200 

1,500 

ICi 

1,680 

C47 

1,210 

430 

336 

33,") 

81<i 

613 

l,(t45 

4-10 

930 

250 

190 

440 

720 

272 

3.'>5 

61  0 

4^(4 

620 

528 

756 

78() 

9(X» 

768 

000 

e-w 

1,008 
346 
544 
252 
647 
5601 

1,872 
618 
576 
900 
960 

1,080 
425 
670 

3,960 

l,l.'i2 
558 
615 
772 
776 
400 
576 
405 
514 
420 
728 
800 
495 
424 
900 

2,180 
900 

2,775 

1,080 
576 
610 
900 
628 

4,400 
588 
900 

3,116 

91.T 

320 
680 
768 
2,046 
5,680 
1,916 
ll636 


Population. 


1880.         1890.      ^''i'"y9^'"' 


20,638 

1,010 

11,567 

5,324 

9,513 

35,0;J9 

12,802 

10,867 

6,645 

55,156 


4,481 
28,729 
15,810 


23,538 

'fi,302 

'32,910 
1,576 
16,249 
10,470 
18,842 
129,974 
33,611 


12,608 
9,174 

10,741 
8,343 

41,266 
43 

14,965 

13,516 

10,845 
8,.587 
6,021 

17,2.!3 


12,786 

102 

7,278 

19,560 


18,7.-|3 

29,278 

36,947 

2,566 

6,192 

15,.541 

4,467 

5 

11,147 

2,037 

3,441 

113 

6,306 

9,(H7 

9,492 

10,371 

29,093 

34,206 

17,236 

30,270 

25,257 

12,696 

16,813 

14,024 

24,137 

78,430 

9,523 

18,204 

3,866 

1,667 


13 
2,067 


27,059 

469 

10,()37 

6,623 


10,641 

8,008 

6,426 

699 

8,610 


809 


2,909 
24,204 

1,312 
13,146 

6,621 
1.5,754 
48,00,'j 
19,270 
13,.562 

7,961 
57,663 

5,076 

6,875 
30,575 
21,577 

1,977 

29,797 

155 

5,443 

29,164 

6,818 
16,013 
11,249 
Hl,7ll 
154,163 
35,377 
32 
12,674 
12,6.J6 
10,304 

7,833 
4:1,164 

1,262 
16,546 
13,831 
11,740 
11,228 

9,794 
21,694 

1,888 
14,424 

1,415 

9,r,<14 
33,200 

1,293 
43,626 
28,227 
40,869 

3,027 
1(1,072 
18,761 

6,199 

1,503 
16,140 

2,012 

8,718 

8,382 
10,418 
12,133 
19,236 
49,172 
42,489 
20,886 
31,191 
25,451 
17,611 
16,521 
15,642 
24,707 
112,740 
14,365 
19,671 
5,908 
3,73:1 
8,687 

""i',972 

5,261 

6,-399 

1,792 

71 

30,952 

5,.382 

15.193 

6,051 

3,6:W 

23,744 

10,878 

10,l:)8 

18,370 

2,452 

12,163 

8,747 

774 


2.23 

1.82 

2.08 

7.36 

6.61 

6.61 

31.78 

45.341 

6.91 

6.14 

72.078 

5.875 

29.89 

36..52 

29.15 

1.4:1 

148.985 

0.103 

33.39 

45.07 

4.78 
37.24 
3:1.47 
40.89 
188.92 
67.71 

0.(0 
28.804 
i:i.58 
41.21 
41.22 
98.1 

1.75 
60.83 
.38.90 
19.56 
2.5.87 
15.79 
41.08 

2.49 
18.:i6 

1.572 
12.68 
65.:i3 

1.989 
4:1.279 
81.58 
75.12 
12.011 
18.41 
33..501 

:i.3l 

2.304 
28.02 
2.235 
9.08 

"19.72" 
18.27 
3.06 
16.7 
84.3.5 
82..502 
27.06 
40.19 
63.6:15 
30.57 
40.79 
30.43 
58.82 
154.8 
17.95 
39.73 
13.93 
4.147 
3.98 


0.71 

4.87 

11.109 

3.51 

0.078 

68.62 

1.22 

25.84 

6.61 

1.16 

25.94 

33.99 

17.47 

2:1.91 

1.19 

2.14 

4.56 

0.47 


Name  of  county 
and  etate. 


Smith,  Kan 

Smith,  MibB 

Smith,  Tenn 

Smith,  Tex 

Smyth,  Va 

Snohomish,  Wash 

Snyder,  Pa 

Socorro,  N.M 

Solano,  Cal 

Somerset,  Me , 

Siimerset,  Md , 

Somerset,  N.J 

Somerset,  Pa 

Somerville,  Tex 

Sonoma,  Cal 

Southampton,  Va 

Spalding,  Ga 

Spartanburg,  S.C 

Spencer,  Ind 

Sjiencer,  Ky 

Spink,  S  D 

Spokane,  Wash 

Spottsylvania,  Va.... 

Stafford,  Kan 

Stafford,  Va 

Stanislaus,  Cal 

Stanley,  S.D 

Stanly,  N.C 

Stanton,  Kan 

Stanton,  Neb 

Stark,  111 

Stark,  N.D 

Stark,  0 

Starke,  Ind 

Starr,  Tex 

Stearns,  Minn 

Steele,  Minn 

Steele,  N.D 

Stephens,  Te.x 

Stephenson,  111 

Sterling,  S.D 

Steuben,  Ind 

Steuben,  N.Y 

Stevens,  Kan 

Stevens,  Minn 

Stevens,  N.D 

Stevens,  Wash 

Stewart,  Ga 

Stewart,  Tenn 

Stoddard,  Mo 

Stokes,  N.C 

Stone,  Ark 

Stone,  Mo 

Stonewall,  Tex 

Storey,  Nev 

Story,  Iowa 

Strafford,  N.II 

Stutsman,  N.D 

Suffolk,  Mass 

Suffolk,  N  y 

Sullivan,  Ind 

Sullivan,  Mo 

Sullivan,  N.H 

Sullivan,  N.Y 

Sullivan,  Pa 

Sullivan,  Tenn 

Sully,  S.D 

Summers,  W.  Va 

Summit,  Col 

Summit,  0 

Summit,  Utah 

Sumner,  Kan 

Sumner,  Tenn 

Sumter,  Ala 

Sumter,  Fla 

Sumter,  Ga 

Sumter,  S.C 

Sun  Flower,  MisB.... 

Surry,  N.C. 

Surry,  Va 

Susquehanna,  Pa 

Sussex,  Del 

Sussex,  N.J 

Sussex,  Va 

Sutter,  Cal 

Sutton,  Tex 

Suwannee,  Fla 

Swain,  N.C 

Sweetwater,  Wyo 

Swift,  Minn 

Swisher,  Tex 

Switzerland,  Ind 

Talbot,  Oa 

Talbot,  Md 

Taliaferro,  Ga 

Talladega,  Ala 


Location 
in  state. 


N. 

S.E.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

N.E.Cen 

S.W. 

N.W.Cen 

E.Cen. 

W. 

W.Cen. 

W. 

S.E. 

N.Cen. 

S.W. 

N  E.Cen. 

W.N.W. 

S.E. 

N.W.Cen 

N.W. 

S.W. 

N.Cen. 

N.E.Cen. 

E. 

E.N.E. 

S.Cen. 

N.E. 

Cen. 

W.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

S.W. 

N.E.Cen 

N.W.Cen 

S.W.Ceir 

N.E.Cen 

N.W. 

S. 

S.Cen. 

S.E. 

E.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

N.W. 

W.Con. 

N.E. 

s.s.w. 

S.W. 

w.s.w. 

W.Cen. 

N.E. 

S.W. 

N.N.W. 

S.E. 

N. 

NCen. 

S.W. 

N.W.Cen 

W. 

Cen. 

S.E. 

SE.Cen. 

E. 

S.E. 

W.S.W. 

N. 

S.W. 

S.E. 

N.E.Cen. 

N.E. 

N.Cen. 

S.S.W. 

N.W.Cen 

N.E. 

N.N.E. 

S.S.E. 

N. 

W. 

Cen. 

S.W.Cen. 

N.E.Cen 

N.W.Cen 

N.N.W. 

S.E. 

N.E. 

S. 

N. 

SE. 

N.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

N.N.W. 

W. 

S. 

W.S.W. 

N.W. 

S.E. 

W.Cen. 

B. 

N.E  Cen. 

E.N.E. 


900 
630 
368 
930 
450 

1,720 

325 

15,476 

960 

.3,664 
365 
30:i 

1,106 
200 

l/>48 
667 
189 
949 
390 
200 

l,.'>a5 

1,680 
400 
792 
245 

1.486 

1,155 
390 
672 
432 
2<»0 

1,310 
660 
300 

2,570 

1,334 
4:iO 
720 
900 
660 

1,185 
830 

1,490 
728 
676 

1,116 

6,194 
450 
600 
840 
610 
619 
610 
900 
270 
676 
376 

2,304 
45 
720 
440 
651! 
647 
911 
446 
410 

1,050 
400 
690 
391 

3,062 

1,188 
536 
970 
600 
515 
870 
720 
490 
29S 
8.50 
9<K) 
62:i 
420 
590 

1,620 
640 
425 
10,230 
653 
900 
2:iO 
360 
285 
168 
784 


Population. 


1880.        1890.     ''7«??,"' 


13,883 

8,088 
17,799 
21,863 
12,160 

1,387 
17,797 

7,875 
18,475 
32,:i33 
21.668 
27,162 
33,110 

2,649 
25,926 
18,012 
12,586 
40,409 
22,122 

7,040 
477 

4,262 
14,828 

4,755 

7,211 

8,751 

793 

10,606 

6 

1,«13 
11,207 


64,0:11 
5,105 
8,304 
21,9.56 
12,460 


4,725 
31,963 


14,645 

77,686 

12 

3,911 
247 

1,245 
13,998 
12.690 
13,431 
15,:i.53 

6,089 

4,404 
104 
16,115 
16,906 
a),658 

1,007 
387,927 
6:1,888 
20,3:16 
16,.569 
18,161 
32,491 

8,073 

18,321 

296 

9,0:53 

5,469 
43,788 

4,921 
20,812 
23,625 
28,728 

4,686 
18,239 
37,0:17 

4,661 
]5,:i02 

7,391 
40,:i64 
36,018 
2:1,539 
10,062 

6.159 


7,161 

3,784 

2,.561 

7,47:1 

4 

13,3.36 

14,115 

19,065 

7,0:14 

23,360 


15,613 
10,635 
18,404 

28,324 
13,360 

8,514 
17,651 

9,.595 
20,946 
32,627 
24,165 
28,311 
37,317 

;i,4ii 

32.721 

211,078 

l:i,ll7 

55,385 

22,<KiO 

6,760 

10,581 

37,487 

14,2:13 

8,520 

7,:J62 

10,040 

1,028 

12,i:i6 

l,o:'.l 

4,619 

9,982 

2,:i04 

84,170 

7,;i:i9 

10,749 

34,844 

l:t,232 

3,777 

4,926 

31,:i:i8 

96 

14,478 

81,473 

1,418 

6,2.51 

16 

4,:i41 

1.5,682 

12,193 

17,:i27 

17,199 

7,043 

7,090 

1,024 

8,806 

18,127 

38,442 

6,266 

484.780 

62,491 

21,877 

19,000 

17,:iai 

31,0:11 

11,620 

V:0,879 

2,412 

l:i,117 

1,906 

64,089 

7,7:i3 

30,271 

23,668 

29,.574 

6,:i6:i 

22,107 

43,6a5 

9,:i84 

19,281 

8,256 

40,093 

38,(i47 

22,259 

1I,1(K) 

6,469 

668 

10,-524 

6,677 

4,941 

10,161 

KKl 

12,514 

i:i,2.58 

19,736 
7.291 
29,:i46 


17.34 
16.F8 
60.01 
30.45 
29.68 
4.95 
64.31 
0.62 
21.81 

8.904 

66.17 

93.43 

:i3.74 

17.066 

21.13 

35.41 

69.402 

58.;i6 

66.56 

3:1.8 

7.(« 

22.31 

36.-582 

10.75 

30.04 

6.75 

0.89 

31.11 

1.-53 

10.69 

34.42 

176 

160.3 

24.46 

4.22 

26.11 

30.772 

6.24 

6.47-1 

55.96 

0.081 

43.87 

64.67 

1.946 

9.11 

0.014 

0.7 

34.84 

24.:i86 

2(t.62 

■Xi.Ti 

11. .37 

13.74 

1.137 

32.61 

31.47 

102.23 

2.28 

10772.88 

8<!.79 

49.72 

28.81 

31.63 

34.062 

26.06 

60.92 

2.3 
32.79 
2.76 
1:18.33 
2.52 
25.48 
44.15 
30.48 
8.938 
42.926 

eo.i2 

1 3.0:1 

:19.:15 

27.7 

47.16 

42.941 

42.:i9 

26.4-2 

9.27 

0.4<i6 
16.44 
15.47 

0.484 
15.-56 

0.11 
84.408 
3ti.82 
69  24 
43.:i9 
37.43 


46 


AREiL  AND  POPULATION  OF  THE  COUNTIES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CXM3U3  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Xmm  of  roMBty 


miaiMtelii«i  Miw... 

TMkwouMt,  AU. 

TUM,  Iow»»..M 

TMoey,  Mo... ......... 

TMuriiMitHia,  La. 

TMit.K.M 

TMTant,  Tex.....~.... 

T»i«i.Mia 

Tkltml,  Om 

Tkjriur,  ru _ 

Tajrior,  a* ~~ 

1\urlor,  Iow» 

Tuylor.Ky 

Tnylor,  T«x 

Tuylor,  W.  Vn. 

Taylor,  WU 

TkmwpII,  III 

Titunell,  Vft 

Telianm.Ca) 

T^llkir.Grt 

TeiMM,  Im, 

Tvrre  Uonne,  L*. 

Terrell,  Qiu...... 

Terry,  Tex 

Texaa,  Mo 

Thayer,  Nob. 

Thoiiia*,  On 

Thomas,  Kan 

Thomas,  Neb 

Throckmorton,  Tex . 

Thurston,  Keb 

Thurston,  Wash 

TilUroook,  Oie 

Tioga,  N.Y 

Tioga,  Pa 

Tippili,  Miss 

Tlppecano<>,  Ind. 

Tipton,  Ind 

Tipton,  Tenn 

Tishomingo,  Miss.... 

Titus,  Tex 

Totld,  Ky 

Todil,  Minn 

T.hI.I.SD 

Tolliind,  Conn 

Tom  Green.  Tex 

Tonipkin?,  N.Y 

Tooele,  Utah 

Towner,  N.D 

Towns,  Ga 

Traill,  N.D ; 

Transylvania,  N.C. .. 

Traverse,  Minn 

Travis,  Tex 

Trego,  Kan 

Trempealeau,  Wis™.. 

Trigg,  Ky 

Trimble,  Kv 

Trinity,  Cal 

Trinity,  Tex 

Tripp,  S.D 

Troup,  Ga 

Trousdale,  Tenn 

Tninibull,  O 

Tucker,  W.  Va 

Tulare,  Cal 

Tunica,  Miss 

Tuolumne,  Cal 

Turner,  S.D 

Tuscaloosa,  Ala. 

Toscamwas,  0 

Tuacola,  Mich 

Twiggs.  Ga 

Tvler,  Tex 

Tyler,  W.  Va. 

Tyrrell,  N.C 

Uintah,  Utah 

Uintah,  Wvo 

Bister.  N.Y 

Umstilla,  Ore. 

Unicoi,  Teno 

Union,  Ark 

Union,  Ga , 

Union,  III 

Union,  Ind ». 

Union,  Iowa 

Union,  Ky 

Union,  liH 

Union,  Miai 

Union,  NJ..... 

Union,  N.C. -.... 

Union,  0......... 

Union,  Ore 

Union,  Pa „...„ 

Union,  8.C 

Union,  S.D 

44 


Location 
In  slate. 


N.W.Cen 

£.C»n. 

K.Cen. 

8.8.W. 

K.8.B. 

N. 

N  E-Cen. 

N.W. 

E.8.K. 

N.N.W. 

W.Cen. 

8.W. 

E.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

N.N.E. 

N.W.Cen 

N.Cen. 

8.W. 

N.N.W. 

8.E.Cen. 

N.E. 

8.E. 

S.W.Cen. 

W.N.W. 

S.Cen. 

8.E. 

S. 

N.W. 

N.W.Cen 

N.f'en. 

N.E. 

S.W.Cen. 

N.W. 

S. 

N. 

N.E. 

W.N.W. 

N.Con. 

S.W. 

N.E. 

N.Cen. 

8.8.W. 

W.Cen. 

S.SE. 

N.N.E. 

W.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

W.N.W. 

N.N.E. 

N. 

E. 

S.W. 

W. 

E.S.E. 

N.W.Cen 

w.s.w. 

S.W. 

N. 

NW. 

E.Cen. 

S. 

W. 

N.Cen. 

N.E. 

N.E.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

N.W. 

Cen. 

8.E. 

W.N.W. 

E.Cen. 

E.S.E. 

Cen. 

E. 

N.N.W. 

E. 

N.E. 

S.W. 

8.K. 

N.E. 

N.E. 

8. 

N. 

8. 

E.S.E. 

S.S.W. 

w. 

N. 

N.E. 

N.E. 

8  S.W. 

W.Cen. 

N.E. 

E.Cen. 

N.N.W. 

8£. 


Area 

in 
■q.  m. 


«» 
706 
720 

eau 

780 
2,300 

ouu 

300 

1,12.1 

1,079 
3S6 
MO 
270 
000 
177 
090 
650 
Rio 

2,9 -ig 
491 
610 

1,8<K) 
320 
000 

1,145 

,  576 
784 

1,080 
720 
000 
898 
708 

1,.'>25 
498 

1,120 
490 
500 
260 
404 
43.5 
400 
360 
972 
45 
403 

2,940 
494 

6,240 

1,044 
180 
864 
3:15 
652 

1,040 
900 
732 
425 
155 

3,000 
710 

1,800 
493 
166 
625 
500 

6,592 
450 

2,048 
615 

1,346 
639 
83f) 
376 
930 
330 
380 

5,8.34 
14,8.30 

1,167 

2,885 
196 

1,138 
326 
400 
170 
432 
880 
905 
424 
102 
640 
427 

3,035 
315 
660 
430 


Population. 


1MM         laon      Persq.m 
1880.         1890.         la^, 


10,026 

S3, 401 

81,686 

6,699 

0,638 

11,020 

24,671 

18,721 

0,088 

8,279 

8,697 

16,636 

0,260 

1,7.36 

11,466 

2,311 

20,666 

12,861 

9,301 

4,828 

17,816 

17,957 

10,461 


12,206 

6,113 

20,697 

101 


711 

109 

8,270 

970 

32,673 

4,5,814 

12,867 

35,966 

14,407 

21,03:J 

8,774 

6,969 

16,994 

6,133 

203 

24,112 

3,015 

34,445 

4,497 


3,261 
4,123 
5,340 
1,607 
27,028 
2,535 
17,189 
14,489 
7,171 
4,999 
4,915 


20,665 

6,646 

44,880 

3,161 

11,281 

8,461 

7,848 

6,320 

24,957 

40,198 

26,738 

8,918 

.5,826 

11,073 

4,545 

799 

2,879 

85,838 

0,607 

3,<>45 

13,419 

6,431 

18,102 

7,673 

14,980 

17,809 

13,520 

13,<»30 

66,571 

18,f>56 

22,375 

6,660 

16,005 

24,080 

6,813 


14,361 

26,460 

21,661 

7,973 

12,666 

0,868 

41,142 

19,263 

10,25.3 

2,122 

8,666 

16,384 

9,363 

0,046 

12,147 

6,731 

29,566 

19,899 

9,916 

6,477 

16,648 

20,167 

14,603 

21 

19,406 

12,738 

26,164 

5,538 

617 

902 

3,176 

9,675 

2,932 

29,9:J5 

62,313 

12,951 

35,078 

18,157 

24,271 

9,302 

8,190 

16,814 

12,930 

188 

2.5,(181 

5,152 

32,923 

3,700 

1,450 

4,064 

10,217 

5,881 

4,516 

37,019 

2,536 

18,920 

13,902 

7,140 

3,719 

7,648 


20,723 

5,850 
42,373 

6,459 
24,574 
12,158 

6,082 
10,256 
30,;J52 
46,618 
32,508 

8,195 
10,877 
11,962 

4,225 

2,762 

7,881 
87,1  «2 
13,381 

4,619 
14,977 

7,749 
21,549 

7,006 
16,900 
18,229 
17,:«H 
15,006 
72,467 
21,251 
22,860 
12,n44 
17,820 
25,363 

0,130 


22.6 

32.02 

30.07 

12.08 

16.22 

4.29 
46.71 
40.36 

0.13 

1.039 
24.34 
30.36 
34.64 

7.717 
68.62 

6.79 
48.47 
37.12 

3..31 
11.15 
27.29 
11.3 
45.32 

0.023 
16.04 
22.11 
33.35 

6.127 

0.718 

1.002 

7.97 
12.69 

1.92 
60.11 
46.708 
26.43 
70.156 
69.  SI 
60.076 
21.38 
20.475 
46.705 
13.302 

4.17 
62.23 

1.752 
66.64 

0.59 

1.37 
22.57 
11.82 
17.55 

8.18 
36.595 

2.816 
25.84 
32.71 
46.06 

1.239 
10.77 

"42.63" 
35.24 
67.79 
12.918 

4.39 
27.01 

2.96 
10.67 
22.64 
86.48 
39.16 
21.76 
11.69 
36.24 
11.118 

0.47 

0.53 
76.25 

4.63 
23.6 
13.24 
23.84 
53.87 
41.21 
39.12 
47.97 
19.12 
36.806 
710.46 
33.204 
63.63 

3.96 
56..57 
38.42 
21.232 


Name  of  county 
and  state. 


Union,  Tenn 

Upshur,  Tex 

Upshur,  W.  Va 

Upson,  Ga 

Upton,  Tex 

Utah,  Utah 

Uvalde,  Tex 

Valencia,  N.M 

Vallev,Neh 

Val  Verde,  Tex 

Van  Buren,  Ark 

Van  Uuren,  Iowa 

Van  Uuren,  Mich 

Van  Buren,  Tenn 

Vance,  N.C 

Vanderburg,  Ind 

Van  Wert,  O 

Van  Zundt,  Tex 

Venango,  Pa 

Ventura,  Cal 

Vermilion,  111 

Vermilion,  Ind 

Vermilion,  La 

Vernon,  La 

Vernon,  Mo 

Vernon,  Wis 

Victoria,  Tex 

Vigo,  Ind 

Vinton,  0 

Volusia,  Fla 

Wabash,  III 

Wabash,  Ind 

Wabasha,  Minn 

Wabaunsee,  Kan 

Wadena,  Minn 

Wajrner,  S.D 

Wahkiakum,  Wash... 

Wake,  N.C 

Wakulla,  Fla 

Waldo,  Me 

Walker,  Ala 

Walker,  Ga 

Walker.  Tex 

Wallace,  N.D 

Wallace,  Kan 

Walla  Walla,  Wash... 

Waller,  Tex 

Wallowa,  Ore 

Walsh,  N.D 

Walton,  Fla 

Walton,  Ga 

Walworth,  S.D 

Walworth,  Wis 

Wapello,  Iowa 

Ward,  N.D 

Ward,  Tex 

Ware,  Ga 

Warren,  Ga 

Warren,  111 

Warren,  Ind 

Warren,  Iowa 

Warren,  Ky 

Warren,  Miss 

Warren,  Mo 

Warren,  N.J 

Warren,  N.Y 

Warren,  N.C 

Warren,  0 

Warren,  Pa 

Warren,  Tenn 

Warren,  Va 

Warrick,  Ind 

Warwick,  Va 

Wasatch,  Utah 

Waseca,  Minn 

Wasco,  Ore 

Washabaugh,  S.D 

Washburn,  Wis 

Washington,  Ala 

Waxliington,  Ark 

Washington,  Col 

Washington,  Fla 

Washington,  Ga 

Washington,  Idaho.. 

Washington,  111 

Washington,  Ind 

Washington,  Iowa.... 

Washington,  Kan 

Washington,  Ky 

Washington,  La 

Washington,  Me 

Washington,  Md 

Washington,  Minn.... 

Washington,  Miss 

Washington,  Mo 

Washington,  Neb 


Location 
in  state. 


N.E.Ceu. 

N.E. 

(/'en. 

W.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

S.S.W. 

W. 

E.Cen. 

W.S.W. 

N.Cen. 

S.E. 

S.W. 

S.E.Cen. 

N.N.E. 

S.W. 

W.N.W. 

N.E.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

S.W. 

E. 

W, 

S. 

w. 

w.s.w. 

S.W. 

S.E. 

W.S.W. 

S.E. 

E.NE. 

S.E. 

N.E.Cen. 

S.E. 

N.E.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

N.W. 

S.W. 

ECen. 

N.N.W. 

S. 

N.W.Cen 

N.W. 

E.Cen. 

N.W. 

W.N.W. 

S.E. 

E.S.E. 

N.E. 

N.E. 

N.W. 

N.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

S.E. 

S.E. 

N.N.W. 

W.Cen. 

S.E. 

K.N.E. 

W.N.W. 

W.N.W. 

S.Cen. 

S.S.W. 

W.S.W. 

E.Cen. 

N.W. 

E.N.E. 

NN.B. 

S.W. 

N.W. 

S.E. 

N. 

S.W. 

S.E. 

N.E.Cen. 

S.S.E. 

N. 

SS.W. 

N.W. 

SW. 

N.W. 

N.K. 

N.W. 

E.Cen. 

W. 

S.W. 

S.E. 

S.E. 

N.N.E. 

Cen. 

E. 

S.E. 

N.W. 

E.S.E. 

W.N.W. 

E.S.E, 

E. 


Area 

in 
sq.  m. 


220 

520 

350 

321 

1,140 

1,986 

1,420 

8,900 

676 

2,880 

998 

480 

630 

322 

342 

230 

405 

840 

655 

1,682 

926 

270 

1,2:10 

1,540 
850 
800 
850 
410 
402 

1,288 
220 
430 
640 
804 
540 
720 
244 
940 
540 
705 
824 
404 
740 

1,323 
900 

1,296 
500 

2,(^90 

1,684 

1,300 
389 
740 
570 
432 

1,612 

1,160 
893 
264 
640 
360 
670 
530 
590 
435 
3fi0 
940 
4.54 
4ii8 
8.55 
446 
234 
390 
165 

3,444 
430 

3,315 

1,260 
864 

1,050 
927 

1,080 

1,340 
688 

2,700 
540 
500 
576 
900 
300 
660 

2,452 
4.35 
4(K) 
880 
780 
381 


Population. 


1880. 


10,260 
10,266 
10,249 
12,400 


17,973 
2,641 

13,095 
2,324 


9,565 
17,043 
30,807 

2,933 


42,193 

2:t,028 

12,619 

43,670 

6,073 

41,588 

12,025 

8,728 

.5,100 

19,309 

23,232 

6,289 

45,658 

17,223 

3,294 

9,945 

25,241 

18,206 

8,750 

2,080 

""i','598 
47,9.39 

2,723 
32,46.{ 

9,479 
11,056 
12,024 


086 
8,716 
9,024 


4,201 
15,622 
46 
26,249 
25,285 


4,169 
10,885 
22,9;i3 
11,497 
19,,578 
27,531 
31,238 
10,806 
36,589 
25,179 
22,019 
28,392 
27,981 
14,079 

7,399 
20,102 

2,258 

2,927 
12,385 
11,120 


4,538 
23,844 


4,089 
21,964 
879 
21,112 
18,955 
20,374 
14,910 
14,419 

5,190 
44,484 
.38,,56l 
19,.563 
25,367 
12,896 

8,631 


1800. 


11,460 

12,695 
12,714 
12,188 
52 
23,416 

3,804 
13,876 

7,092 

2,874 

8,567 
16,263 
30,541 

2,80;J 
17,581 
59,809 
29,071 
16,225 
46,640 
10,071 
49,905 
13,154 
14,234 

5,903 
31,505 
25,111 

8,737 
50,195 
16,045 

8,407 
11,866 
27,126 
16,972 
11,720 

4,053 

"  2,526 
49,207 

3,117 
27,759 
16,078 
13,282 
12,874 
24 

2,408 
12,224 
10,888 

3,601 
16,587 

4,816 
17,467 

2,1,53 
27,860 
30,426 

1,081 
77 

8,811 
10.9.57 
21,281 
10,955 
18,209 
30,158 
33,104 

9,913 
30,,553 
27,866 
19,360 
25,468 
37,  .585 
14,413 

8,280 
21,161 

6,650 

3,.595 
13,313 

9,183 

"2,926 

7,935 
32,024 

2,301 

6,426 
25,237 

3,836 
19,--'62 
18,610 
18,468 
22,894 
13,622 

0,70(1 
44,482 
39,7X2 
25,992 
40,414 
13,153 
11,869 


AREA  AND  POPULATION  OF  THE   COUNTIES  OF   THE   UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890   COMPARED. 


Kame  of  county 
and  state. 


Washington,  N.Y 

Washington,  N.C 

WushingtoD,  0 

Washington,  Ore 

Washington,  I'a 

Washington,  U.I 

Washington,  S.U 

Washington,  Tenn.... 

Washington,  Tex 

Wiisliingtou,  Utah.... 

Wasliington,  Vt 

Washington,  Vh 

Wasliington,  Wis...^. 

Washoe,  Nev 

Wasiitenaw,  Mich 

Watauga,  N.C 

Watonwan,  Minn 

Waukeslia.  Wis 

Waupaca,  Wis 

Waushara,  Wis 

Wayne,  Ga 

Wayne,  111 

Wayne,  Ind 

Wayne,  Iowa 

Wayne,  Ky 

Wayne,  Mich 

Wayne,  Miss 

Wayne,  Mo 

Wayne,  Neb 

Wayne,  N.Y 

Wayne,  N.C 

Wayne,  0 

Wayne,  Pa 

Wayne,  Tenn 

Wayne,  W.  Va 

Weaklev,  Tenn 

Webb,  Tex 

Weber,  Utah 

Webster,  Ga 

Webster,  Iowa 

Webster,  Ky 

Webster,  La 

Webster,  Miss 

Webster,  Mo 

Webster,  Not.... 

Webster,  W.Va 

Weld,  Col 

Wells,  Ind 

Wells,  N.D j 

West  Batonltouge,lia 

West  Carroll,  La 

Westchester,  N.Y 

West  Feliciana,  La... 

Westmoreland,  Pa 

Westmoreland,  Va.... 

Weston,  Wyo I 

Wetzel,  W.  Va 

Wexford,  Mich 

Wharton,  Tex 

Whatcom,  Wash 

Wheeler,  Neb 

Wheeler,  Tex 

White,  Ark 

White,  Ga 

White,  111 

White,  Ind 

White,  Tenn 

White  Pine,  Nev 

Whiteside,  111 

Whitiield,  Ga 

Whitley,  Ind 

Whitley,  Kv 

Whitman,  Wash 

Wichita,  Kan 

Wichita,  Tex 

Wicomico,  Md 

Wilbarger,  Tex 

Wilcox,  Ala 

Wilcox,  Ga 

Wilkes,  Ga 


Location 
in  state. 


E. 

N.E. 
S.E. 
N.W. 

s.w. 
s.w. 
s.w. 

N.E. 

E.S.E. 

S.W. 

N.Cen. 

S.W. 

S.E. 

W. 

S.E. 

N.W. 

S.S.W. 

S.E. 

E.Cen. 

E..''.E. 

S.E. 

S.E.Cen. 

E. 

S. 

S.S.B. 

S.E. 

S.E. 

S.E. 

N.K. 

N.N.W. 

E.Cen. 

N.E.Cen. 

N.E. 

S.S.W. 

w. 

N.W. 
S.W. 

N. 

w.s.w. 

N.W.Cen 
W. 
N.W. 
N.E.Cen. 

s.s.w. 

SS.E. 

E.Cen. 

N.N.E. 

N.E.Cen. 

E.Cen. 

S.E.Cen. 

N.E. 

SE. 

E.S.E. 

S.W.Cen. 

E. 

N.E. 

N.Cen. 

W.N.W. 

S.E. 

N.W. 

N  E.Cen. 

N.W. 

N.E.Cen. 

N. 

S.E. 

N.W.Cen 

E.Cen. 

E. 

N.W. 

N.W. 

N.E.Cen. 

S.S.E. 

S.E. 

W. 

N. 

S.E. 

N. 

S.W.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

N.E. 


Area 

in 
sq.  m. 


8G1 
3(KI 
6.35 
646 
890 
340 

1,510 
344 
600 

2,440 
703 
622 
4.10 

6,620 
720 
392 
4.-50 
570 
766 
6J5 
721 
720 
380 
525 
590 
565 
775 
800 
444 
621 
615 
540 
738 
720 
445 
620 

1,080 
050 
226 
720 
340 
609 
430 
630 
676 
415 

4,076 
357 

1,296 
210 
380 
46:1 
365 

l,a{5 
170 

4,8;iO 
650 
580 

1,100 

2,4R8 
576 
900 

1,137 
170 
600 
500 
390 

9,89i 
700 
285 
330 
580 

2,124 
720 
600 
369 
940 
940 
563 
464 


Population. 


47,871 
8,928 

43,244 
7,082 

55,418 

22,495 


18W1      ifersq.m. 


16,181 
27,567 

4,235 
26,404 
26,203 
23,442 

5,004 
41,848 

8,100 

6,104 
28,057 
20,955 
12,087 

6,980 
21,291 
38,613 
16,127 
12,612 
166,444 

8,741 

9,090 
813 
51,700 
24,951 
40,070 
33,613 
11,301 
14,739 
24,538 

6,273 
12,344 

6,237 
15,951 
14,246 
10,006 


12,175 
7,104 
3,207 
6,046 

18,442 


7,007 
2,776 
108,988 
12,809 
78,030 
8,846 


13,896 

6,815 

4,549 

3,137 

644 

512 

17,794 

5,341 

23,087 

13,795 

11,176 

2,682 

30,885 

11,900 

10,941 

12,000 

7,014 

14 

433 

18,016 

126 

31,828 

3,109 

15,986 


45,690 
10,200 
42,380 
11,972 
71,156 
23,049 
40 
20,354 
29,101 

4,009 
29,606 
29,020 
22,751 

6,437 
42,210 
10,611 

7,746 
33,270 
26,794 
13,507 

7,485 
23,806 
37,628 
15,670 
12,852 
257,114 

9,S17 
11,9:;7 

6,109 
49,729 
26,100 
39,005 
31,010 
11,471 
18,6.52 
28,955 
14,842 
22,723 

5,695 
21,582 
17,196 
12,466 
12,060 
15,177 
11,210 

4,783 
11,736 
21,514 

1,212 

8,36:} 

3,748 
146,772 
15,002 
112,819 

8,399 

2,422 
16,841 
11,278 

7,584 
18,591 

1,683 

778 

22,946 

0,151 
25,005 
15,071 
12,348 

1,721 
30,854 
12,916 
17,708 
17,590 
19,109 

1,827 

4,831 
19,930 

7,092 
30,810 

7,980 
18,081 


63.06 
28.33 
06.74 
18.,56 
79.94 
09.56 

0.02 
59.10 
48.001 

1.63 
42.11 
40.65 
62.909 

1.14 
58.03 
27.06 
18.01 
57.76 
35.44 
20.94 
10.:i8 
33.06 
99.02 
29.85 
21.78 
456.06 
12.66 
14.908 
13.89 
80.07 
42.43 
72.23 
42.01 
15.93 
41.01 
46.7 

8.83 
34.96 
25.31 
29.97 
50.57 
20.40 
28.04 
24.07 
19.46 
11.52 

2.88 
60.26 

0.93 
39.82 

9.86 
317.002 
41.26 
109.003 
49.405 

0.5 
30.62 
19.44 

6.89 

7.5 

2.92 

0.855 
20.18 
36  18 
60.01 
31.342 
31.66 

0.17 
44.07 
45.31 
63.84 
30.32 

8.99 

2.53 

8.05 
64.01 

7.54 
32.78 
14.17 
38.96 


Name  of  county 
and  state. 


Wilkes,  N.C 

Wilkin,  Minn 

Wilkinson,  Ga 

Wilkinson,  Miss.. 

Will.  Ill 

Williams,  N.D... 

Williams.  0 

Williamsburg,  S.C 

Williamson,  III 

Williamson,  Tenn 

Williamson,  Tex 

Wilson,  Kan 

Wilson,  N.C... 

Wilson,  Tenn 

Wilson,  Tex 

Windham,  Conn 

Windham,  Vt 

Windsor,  Vt 

Winkler,  Tex... 

Winn,  La 

Winnebago,  III 

Winnebago,  Iowa 

Winnebago,  Wis 

Winneshiek,  Iowa.... 

Winona,  Minn 

Winston,  Ala 

Winston,  Miss 

Wirt,  W.Va 

Wise,  Tex 

Wise,  Va 

Wolfe,  Ky 

Wood,  0 

Wood,  Tex 

Wood,  W.  Va 

Wood,  Wis 

Woiidiiury,  Iowa 

Woodford,  III 

Woodford,  Ky 

Woodruff,  Ark 

Woodson,  Kan 

Worcester,  Md 

Worcester,  Mass 

Worth,  Ga 

Worth,  Iowa 

Worth,  Mo 

Wright,  Iowa 

Wright,  Minn 

Wright,  Mo 

Wyandot,  0 

Wyandotte,  Kan 

Wyoming,  N.Y 

Wyoming,  Pa 

Wyoming,  W.  Va 

Wythe,  Va 

Yadkin,  N.C. 

Yakima,  Wash 

Valabusha,  Miss 

Yam  Hill,  Ore 

Yancey,  N.C 

Yankton,  S.D 

Yates,  N.Y 

Yavapai,  Ariz 

Yazoo,  Miss 

Yell,  Ark 

Yellow  Med.,  Minn... 
Yellowstone,  Mont.... 

Yoakum,  Tex 

Yolo.  Cal 

York,  Me 

York,  Neb 

York,  Pa 

York.  S.C 

York,  Va 

Young,  Tex 

Yuba,  Cal 

Yuma,  Ariz 

Yuma,  Col 

Zapata,  Tex 

Zavala,  Tex 

Ziebach,  S.D 


Location 
in  state. 


N.W. 

W. 

E.C'en. 

S.W. 

N.E. 

W.Cen. 

N.W. 

S.Cen. 

S. 

W.Cen. 

E.S.E. 

S.E. 

E.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

N.E. 

S.E. 

S.E.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

N. 

N. 

E.S.E. 

N.E. 

^  E 

N.W.Cen 

E.N.E. 

N.W.Cen 

N.N.E. 

S.W. 

E.Cen. 

N.W. 

N.E.Cen. 

N.W. 

Cen. 

W.N.W. 

N.Cen. 

N.E.Cen. 

N.N.E. 

S.E. 

S.E. 

Cen. 

S.W. 

N. 

N.W. 

N.Cen. 

S.E.Cen. 

S.Cen. 

N.W.Cen 

N.E. 

W.Cen. 

N.E.Cen. 

S.W. 

SS.W. 

N.W.Cen 

S. 

N.Cen. 

N.W. 

W. 

S.E. 

W.Cen. 

N. 

W.Cen. 

W.Cen. 

S.W. 

S.E.Cen. 

W.N.W. 

N.N.W. 

S.W. 

S.E.Cen. 

S.S.E. 

N. 

S.E. 

N.Cen. 

N.Cen. 

S.W. 

N.E. 

S.W. 

S.W. 

S.  W.Cen. 


680 
725 
417 
592 
850 

1,260 
415 
948 
440 
650 

1,(W 
576 
355 
536 
940 
520 
705 
900 
800 
960 
652 
408 
460 
690 
630 
630 
640 
290 
900 
386 
190 
623 
700 
375 
828 
800 
640 
247 
677 
604 
475 

1,.551 
75(1 
408 
270 
676 
684 
700 
404 
100 
000 
390 
600 
496 
320 

6,700 
472 
640 
298 
615 
342 
29,236 

1,020 
963 
612 

3,105 
840 
972 
920 
676 
910 
750 
76 
900 
714 
10,136 

1,180 

1,370 

1,200 

1,040 


Population. 


1880.        1890.      ''Yg^'"*- 


19,181 
1,906 
12,061 
17,815 
53,422 
14 
23,821 
24,110 
19,324 
28,313 
15,155 
13,775 
10,004 
28,747 
7,188 
43,856 
26,763 
35.196 


5,846 

30.505 

4,917 

42,740 

23,938 

27,197 

4,253 

10,087 

7,104 

16,601 

7,772 

6,638 

34,022 

11,212 

25,006 

8,981 

14,996 

21,620 

11,800 

8,046 

0,535 

19,539 

226,897 

5,892 

7,953 

8,203 

6,002 

18,140 

9,712 

22,395 

19,143 

30,907 

15,598 

4,322 

14,.318 

12,420 

2,811 

15,049 

7,945 

7,094 

8,390 

21,087 

5,013 

33,845 

13,852 

6.884 


11,772 
62,257 
11,170 
87,841 
30,713 
7,349 
4,726 
11,284 
8,215 


3,630 
410 


22,675 

.33.34 

4,340 

6.994 

10,781 

25.8 

17,592 

29.71 

62,007 

72.94 

109 

0.086 

24,897 

69  99 

27,777 

29.3 

22,226 

50.51 

26,321 

47.85 

26,909 

24.2 

15,280 

20..-i3 

18,044 

62.61 

27,148 

60.04 

1(1, 655 

11.33 

45,158 

80.84 

2e,.'>47 

34.7 

31,700 

36.22 

18 

0.0225 

7,082 

7.377 

39,938 

72.35 

7,325 

17.95 

60,097 

108.9 

22,528 

32.30 

33,797 

63.64 

6,552 

10.4 

12,089 

18.88 

9,411 

32.45 

24,134 

20.81 

9,345 

24.27 

7,180 

37.78 

44,392 

71.25 

13,932 

19.9 

28,012 

70.29 

18,127 

21.89 

55,032 

69.54 

21,429 

39.68 

12,380 

60.12 

14.1X19 

24.29 

9,021 

17.^9 

19,747 

41.67 

280,787 

181.03 

10,048 

13.39 

9,247 

22.66 

8,738 

32.36 

12,057 

20.93 

24,164 

35.32 

14,484 

20.69 

21,722 

63.76    . 

54,407 

310.04 

31,193 

61.47 

15,891 

40.12 

6,247 

9.46 

18,019 

36.32 

13,790 

43.09 

4,429 

0.76 

10,(ii;9 

35.2 

10,092 

16.7 

9,490 

31.85 

10,444 

20.28 

2I,CKJ1 

01.4 

8,685 

0.29 

30,394 

35.68 

18,015 

18.7 

9,8.54 

16.1 

2,065 

0.66 

4 

0.004 

12,684 

13.04 

62,829 

68.29 

17,279 

29.99 

99,489 

109.32 

38,831 

61.77 

7,596 

101.29 

5,049 

6.61    ■ 

9,<i30 

13.35 

2,071 

0.25 

2,590 

2.2 

3,502 

2.0 

1,097 

0.914 

510 

0.49 

45 


V. 
POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  VILLAGES,  ETC., 

or  THS 

UNITED   STATES. 


A  COMPARATIVE  TABLE  SHOWING  THE  POPULATION  OF  THE  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS,  AND  THEIR 
GROWTH  OR  DECLINE,  ACCORDING  TO  THE  RETURNS  OF  1880  AND  1890. 

rAiaarriATtoKs  or  tmi  Rauk  or  Places  akb  Looaiitiiw. — bobo',  bortmrih;  popt-boro',  pott-borough;  mtj,  duirirl;  mao-kist, 
m^iitmtiil  dUrtet ;  iilL.-DiST,  milUia  diUrict ;  iimlt,  A<i>i)fc< ;  po«t-iimlt,  poM-hamUl ;  pntcr,  precmct ;  jus.-prkct,  juitiee  precinct ;  post- 
**mct,poit-frt«im€i;  rw3i,loim;  rotj-^mts,  pott-town ;  ryir,  lowtu/iip ;  ron-rvii;  po»t-louintk^ ;  \iLL,tiUagt;  roer-y  ill,  poiu-vUlage.] 

CENSUS  KETURNS  OF   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  placa  and 
■Ute. 


Aaron  Run.  Kj -  precinct 

Aaalad,  Minn... -  poat-twp 

Abbeville,  Ala ~..~  precinct 

Ablwville,  Ala post-Till 

Abbeville,  Ga. -  po«t-rotarn 

Abbeville,  La..„ {lost-town 

Abbeville,  S.C township 

Abbeville,  8.C poet-town 

Abbot,  >le post-tuwii 

Abbott,  Col- poet-prect 

Abbott,  Ky  _ mag.-dlat 

Abbott,  Ky„ mHg.-di*t 

Alibott,  Vti township 

Abboll,  Tenn- civil-dUt 

Ai.lK)tt  Creek,  N.C (ownaliip 

Abbottaburg,  N.C |i08t-twp 

Abbott'*  Cruek,  N.C post-twp 

Alibjr,  Neb poet-prect 

Abercruniliie,  N.D townnliip 

Alierdeen,  Md post-Till 

Aberdeen,  )Ili8._ city 

Alierdeen,  N.C post-Till 

Alierdeen,  0 post-vlll 

Aberdeen,  8.D township 

Alierdeen,  S.D city 

Alienlreii,  Wash post-town 

Abernatliy,  Ala post-prect 

Alieriiiitliy,  Tenn civil-dist 

Abe's  Spring,  Flu jiost-prect 

Al'ilene,  KaM.„ rity 

Abilene,  Tex post-town 

Abitiiiduii,  Ill„ city 

Abingilon,  Md post-diit 

Abingdon,  Va uiag.-dist 

Abingdon,  Va. mug.-dist 

Abingilun,  Vn„ |ioHt-town 

AbluK'on,  III lowiiMiip 

Abington,  Iiid |HiRt-twp 

Aliiiigton,  Mhh post-town 

AUngton,  Pa,„ post-twp 

Abiqiia,  Ore precinct 

Abtqiiiu,  N.M poet-prect 

Ableniaii,  Wis post-Till 

Alioite,  Iiid poxt-twp 

Alisecon,  N  J.„ I  post-twp 

Academy,  W.  Va. niag.nlist 

Acti'lent,  Bid district 

Arliilles,  Kan.. post-twp 

Ackley,  Iowa iMwt-twp 

Ackley,  Wis township 

At-oniM,  Minn township 

Acoma  (I'roper),  N.M...  vilhige 
Acoma  (I'ueblu),  N.M...  villaxe 
Acorn  Tree,  Ga. niil.-dUt 


Rank  of 
place. 


Acnnnckanonck,  N.J.. 
Aci|uint'in,  Va. 

Aomn,  Kla 

Acton,  Me 

Acton,  Mitaa..... 
Acton,  MiiiD.„. 

Acton,  N.D 

Aciiahnet,  Maas. 
AcwoHh,  Ga.... 
Acworth,  Ga.... 
Acworih,  N.ll.. 

Ada,  Mich 

Ada,  Minn 

Ada,  0 

Adair,  III 

Adair,  Iiiwc.... 

Adair,  Mo 

Adairnville,  Ga. 
Adairsvillp,  Ga. 
Adalrville,  Ky.. 

A'lams.  Ill 

Aduuu,  Iud_.... 

46 


township 

niHg.-diKt 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

poet-town 

post-town 

]iost-twp 

poet-vill 

post-vill 

peat-Till 

p>ist-tiiwn 

township 

niil.-dist 

post-tow  n 

ning.-dist 

town-hip 

township 


County. 


Montgomery ... 

Otter  Tall„ 

Henry 

Henry 

Wilcox 

Vermilion 

AbbeTiile 

AbbeTille 

Piscataquis 

Arapahoe 

rioyd 

Trimble 

Potter. 

Gib«4in 

Forsyth 

HIaden 

Diividnon 

Hooker. 

Richland 

Harford 

Monroe 

Moore 

Brown 

Brown 

Brown 

Cliehalis 

Cleburne 

Weakley 

Calhoun 

Dickinson 

Taylor 

Knox 

Ilarronl 

Gloucester 

WHshington.... 
Witsliington.... 

Mercer 

Wayne 

Plymouth 

Montgomery .. 

Marion 

Rio  Arriba 

Sank.„ 

Allen 

Atlantic 

Poralionias 

Oirrett 

Rawlins 

Hardin 

Tjtnglade 

McLiiid 

Valencia 

Valencia 

i'anlding 

Pasaair 

King  William. 

Uke.„ 

York 

Middlesex 

Meeker- 

Walsh 

Bri-.tol 

Cobb. 

Cobh 

SnlliTau 

Kent 

Norman 

Hardin 

BIcDonougli ... 

A.lair 

Camden 

Bnrtow 

Bartow 

Logan  

La  Salle 

Allen 


Population. 


2,081 
2,268 


61 

2.55 

3,427 

1,543 

C96 


t>09 
741 
62:1 
GUI 
74T 
048 
1,069 


191 
2,33» 


1,120 
993 

607 
2,360 


1,511 

2,X88 

5.126 

4,721 

1,064 

909 

837 

3,697 

2,186 

883 


16:1 

918 

607 

1,696 

1,369 


1,517 


688 


tt9i 
1,7X1 
■■i,H2 


1,05(1 

1,797 

726 


1,10. 

1,821 
63:i 
982 

1,441 
138 

1,760 
l:)8 
306 
9(K) 

1,.559 
391 

3,326 

1,612 

2,568 


2,097 

486 

1,826 

465 

667 

637 

4,028 

1,690 

622 

360 

760 

655 

823 

868 

784 

875 

1,112 

33 

787 

448 

3,449 

227 

874 

3,«h:j 

3,182 

1,638 

1,364 

1,1.30 

212 

3,547 

3,194 

l,:i21 

2,785 

6,610 

5,,')06 

1,674 

832 

759 

4,260 

2,703 

1,101 

617 

332 

970 

601 

1,972 

1,432 

217 

1,286 

374 

716 

91 

475 

879 

2,.562 

2,672 

125 

878 

1,897 

6.57 

640 

1,027 

2,159 

815 

717 

1,296 

622 

2,079 

169 

722 

1,680 

2,186 

6:51 

3,371 

1,328 

3,272 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Adam*,  Ind 

Adams,  Ind 

Adams,  Ind 

Adams,  Ind 

Adams,  Ind 

Adams,  Ind 

Adams,  Ind 

Adams,  Ind 

Adams,  Iowa 

Adams,  Iowa 

Adams,  Iowa 

Adams,  Iowa 

Adams,  Iowa 

Adams,  Kan 

Adams,  Mass 

Adams,  Mich 

Adams,  Mich 

Adams,  Mich 

Adams,  Minn 

Adams,  Minn 

Adams,  Mo 

Adnms,  Mo 

Adams,  Neb 

Adams,  Neb 

Adams,  N.Y 

Adams,  NY 

Adams,  N.D 

Adams,  O 

Adams,  0 

Adams,  0 

Adams,  0 

Adams,  0 

Adams,  O 

Adams,  0 

Adams,  0 

Adams,  0 

Adams,  0 

Adams,  O 

Adunis,  Ore , 

Adams,  Pa 

Adams,  Pa , 

Adams,  Pa 

Adams,  S.D 

Adams,  S.D 

Adams,  Wis 

Adams,  Wis 

.\dam»burg.  Pa 

Adamson,  Ga 

Adams  Rnn,  S.C 

Adams  Station,  Tenn... 

Adamstown,  Pa 

Adamsville,  Ga 

Adamsville,  0 

Adamsville,  S.C 

Adamsville,  Tenn 

AdamsTille,  Utah , 

Addievilie,  III 

Addison,  III 

Addison,  III 

AddiDon,  Ind , 

Addison,  Me „ 

Addison,  Mich 

Addison,  Mich 

Addison,  N.Y 

Addison.  N.Y 

Addison,  N.D 

Addison,  O 

Adilison,  Pa 

Addison,  Vf 

Addison,  Wis 

Adel,Oa 

Adel,  lowa._ 

Adel.  Iowa 

Adeline.  Ill 

Aden,  Kan 

Adelphi,  O 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

towusldp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townsiiip 

township 

post-town 

township 

townsiiip 

townsiiip 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

precinct 

ixist-twp 

tow:iighip 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

townfhip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townsiiip 

township 

post-prect 

townsiiip 

township 

township 

townsiiip 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

pt)8t-twp 

l«>st-town 

post-prect 

jiost-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

townsiiip 

post-vill 

townsiiip 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

|K)8t-tWp 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

|iost-viU 

post-twp 

post-vill 


Connty. 


Carroll 

Cass 

Decutiir 

Hamilton 

Madison 

Morgan 

Parke 

Kipley 

Dallas 

Delaware 

Keokuk 

Maliaska 

Wapello 

Nemaha 

Berkuhire 

Arenac 

Hillrdale 

Houghton 

Mower 

Mower 

I)e  Kalb , 

Harrison 

Colfax 

Gage 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Walsh 

Champaign 

Clinton 

Coshocton , 

Darke 

Defiance 

Guernsey 

Luca^ 

Monroe 

Muskingum 

Seneca 

Washington... 

Umatilla 

Butler 

Cambria 

Snyder 

Grant 

Miner 

Adams 

Green 

Westmoreland 

Clayton 

Colleton 

Robertson 

Lancaster 

Fulton 

Muskingum.... 
MarllKirough.. 

McNairy 

Beaver 

Washington... 

Du  Page 

Du  Page 

Shelby 

Waxliington... 

Lenawee 

Oakland 

Steuben 

Steuben 

Cass 

Gallia 

Somerset 

Adiiison 

Washington.... 

Berrien 

Dallas 

Dallas 

Ogle 

Sheridan 

Bobs 


Population. 


1,000 

886 

2,215 

2,968 

1,«61 

1,252 

3,6:J7 

2,608 

1,093 

6(^ 

860 

940 

1,211 


6,591 


1,8.55 

1,148 

971 

96 

l,lo:i 

075 

617 

607 

3,3ti2 

1,26*1 


1,44.5 
921 
1,240 
2,826 
1,509 
806 
1,511 
1,:M7 

78: 

1,624 
1,850 


1,156 
],(H)4 


447 
9:« 

199 
1,.5.36 
4,4(i!l 

2:17 

701 
1,045 

2811 
2,096 


li'2 

78 

1,901 


6,7.59 
1,238 
291 
975 
2,534 
1,596 


1,440 

1,.5K 

847 

1,774 


2,302 
989 
196 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Artin,  Cal 

Adler,  N.D 

Adrian,  Kan  

Adrian,  Mich 

AMrian,  Mich 

Adrian,  Minn 

Adrian,  Minn 

Adrian,  Mo 

Adrian,  Wis 

Adsboro,  Ga 

^tna.  III 

^tna,  Kan 

^tna,  Mich 

JEtna,  Mich 

Mtna,  Minn 

Afugnalt,  Alaska 

Africa,  Ga 

Afton,  Ark 

Afton,  111 

Afton,  Iowa 

Afton,  Iowa 

Afton,  Iowa 

Afton,  Kan 

Afton,  Minn 

Afton,  N.Y 

Afton,  N.Y 

Afton,  S.D 

Afton,  S.D 

Agassi^s,  Minn 

Agawam,  Mass 

Agency,  Iowa 

Agency,  Iowa 

Agency,  Kan 

Agency,  Wo 

Agivavik.  Alaska 

Agnes,  N.D 

Agnes  City,  Kan 

Agowik,  Alaska 

Agrani,  Minn 

Agua  Negra,  N.M 

Agnlia;i;aniute,  Alaska.. 
Agulnkpukmute,  Alas.. 

Agnniak,  Alaska 

Ahgomekhelanagha- 

niute,  Alaska 

Ahgiilakyiiaghamnte, 

Alaska 

Ahguliagamute,  Alas... 

Alinapeo,  Wig 

Ahnapee,  Wis 

Ahpiikaganiute,  Alas... 
Ahquenacli-kliluga- 

ninto,  Alaska 

Aid,  0 

Aiken,  S.C 

Aiken,  S.O 

Aineyville,  Pa 

Ainswortli,  Neb 

Ainsworth,  Neb 

Aitkin,  Minn 

Aitkin,  Minn..... 

Akakhpuk,  Alaska 

Akan,  Wis 

Akeklehahamnte,  Alas. 
Akgulurigiglak,  Alas... 
Akiagamnte,  Alaska.... 
Akiakchogniute,  Alas... 

Akins,  Ga 

Akra,  N.D 

Akron,  Col 

Akron,  Col 

Akron,  III 

Akron,  Iowa 

Akron,  Mich 

Akron,  Minn 

Akron,  Minn 

Akron,  N.Y 

Akron,  O 

Akron,  Pa 

Akutan,  Alaska 

Alabama,  Ark 

Alabama,  Cal 

Alabama,  N.Y 

Alabaster,  Mich 

Alaculsv,  Ga 

Alafia,  Fla 

Alaganqk,  Alaska 

Alagnagmute,  .Maska... 

Alaiedon,  Mich 

Alameda,  Cal 

Alameda,  N.M 

Alamo,  Ind 

Alamo,  Mich 

Alamo,  Tenn 

Alamo  Gordo,  N.M..;... 
Alamosa^Col : 


Bank  of 
place. 


po8t-twp 

posttwp 

|)ost-twp 

township 

city 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

(lOSt-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

hamlet 

township 

township 

hamlet 

township 

post-prect 

hamlet 

hamlet 

hamlet 

hamlet 

hamlet 

village 

township 

city 

village 

hamlet 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

village 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

p(iSt-Vlll 

hamlet 

township 

hamlet 

hamlet 

hamlet 

hamlet 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

precinct 

post  town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

city 

post-vill 

hamlet 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

hamlet 

hamlet 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

l>ost-vill 

precinct 

precinct 


County. 


Modoc 

Nelson 

Jackson 

Lenawee 

Lenawee 

Nobles 

Watonwan., 

Bates 

Monroe 

Morgan 

Logan  

Barber 

Mecosta 

Missaukee.. 
Pipestone... 


Spalding 

Fulton 

DeKalb 

Cherokee 

Howard 

Union 

Sedgwick 

Washington.... 

Chenango 

Chenango 

Brookings 

Sanborn 

Lac-qul-  Parle. 

Hampden 

Wapello 

Wapello 

Osage 

Buchanan 


Grand  Forks., 
Lyon 


Morrison.. 
Mara , 


Kewaunee., 
Kewaunee.. 


Lawrence.. 

Aiken 

Aiken 

Lehigh , 

Brown 

Brown , 

Aitkin 

Aitkin 


Richland.., 


Spalding 

Pembina 

Washington.. 
Washington.. 

Peoria 

Plymouth 

Tuscola 

Big  Stone 

Wilkin 

Erie 

Summit , 

Lancaster 


Nevada.... 

Sacramento 

Genesee , 

lo-'co , 

Murray 

Hillsborough. 


Ingham 

Alameda 

Bernalillo 

Montgomery.. 
Kalamazoo.... 

Crockett 

San  Miguel.... 
Conejos.. 


Population. 


I,4<j2 

7,849 

193 

317 


894 
72 


690 
871 

1,231 
407 
92S 

2,248 
734 


2,210 
1,126 

566 
1,809 

810 


1,430 
948 


1,530 
3,531 
1,817 


366 
136 


1,479 


1,216 

"i,m 


16,512 
284 


874 

47!) 

1,075 

206 

78' 


1,474 

5,708 


220 

1,218 

270 


870 

77 

424 

1,860 

8,756 
671 
443 
613 
616 

1,009 
946 
225 

1,122 
169 
147 
40'J 

1,494 
375 
691 
825 

1,091 

1,045 
442 

1,097 

2,083 
083 
461 
269 
552 

2,352 
972 
442 

1,388 
879 
30 
284 

1,406 
61 
221 
987 
94 
22 
41 

16 

19 
loo 

1,384 

1,015 

210 


1,375 

4,497 

2,362 

639 

1,499 

7311 

306 

737 

9 

982 

79 

61 

97 

43 

1,511 

8:i8 

1,034 

559 

1,023 

494 

1,693 

345 

350 

1,492 

27,601 

606 

80 

827 

414 

1,654 

372 

641 

388 

48 

68 

1,287 

11,165 

554 

272 

1,185 

340 

518 

1,091 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Alamosa,  Col 

Alamota,  Kan 

Alba,  III 

Alba,  Minn 

Alba,  Pa 

Alban,  Neb 

Alban,  S.D 

Alban,  Wis 

Albano,  Kan 

Albany,  Ark 

Albany,  Col 

Albany,  Ga 

Albany,  III 

Albany,  111 

Albany,  Ind 

Albany,  Ky 

Albany,  Me 

Albany,  Minn 

Albany,  Mo 

Albany,  Neb 

Albany,  N.H 

Albany,  N.Y 

Albany,  O 

Albany,  Ore 

Albany,  Ore 

Albany,  Pa 

Albany,  Pa 

Albany,  Tox 

Albany,  Vt 

Albany,  Wis 

Albany,  Wis 

Albany,  Wis 

Albee,  Mich 

Albemarle,  N.C 

Albemarle,  N.C 

Albert,  Mich 

Alberta,  Minn 

Albert  Lea,  Minn.. 
Albert  Lea,  Minn.. 

Albeiton,  Md 

Albertson,  N.C 

Albertville,  Ala 

Alliia,  Iowa 

Albin,  Minn 

Albina,  Ore 

Albina,  Ore 

Albion,  Idaho 

Albion,  Idaho 

Albion,  111 

Albion,  111 

Albion,  Ind 

Albion,  Ind 

Albion,  Iowa 

Albion,  Iowa 

Albion,  Iowa , 

Albion,  Kan 

Albion,  Kan 

Albion,  Kan , 

Alliion,  Me 

Albion,  Mich 

Albion,  Mich , 

Albion,  Minn. 

Albion,  Neb 

Albion,  N.Y 

Albion,  N.Y 

Albion,  N.Y , 

Albion,  Pa 

Albion,  Wis 

Albion,  Wis 

Albion,  Wis 

Albright,  N.C 

Albright,  N.C , 

Albritton,  Ala , 

Albuquerciue,  N.M 

Alburg,  Vt 

Alcester,  S.D , 

Aloo.  Ala 

Alcona,  Kan 

Alcona,  Mich 

Alcove,  Neb 

Al.la.  Neb 

Alden,  HI 

Alden,  Iowa 

Alden,  Iowa 

Alden,  Minn 

Alden,  Minn 

Alden,  N.Y 

Alden,  N.Y 

Alden,  S.D 

Alden,  Wis 

Alder,  Col 

Alder,  Ore 

Alderbrook,  Ore.... 
Alder  Creek,  Wash 
AIderson,.W.  Va.... 
Alderton,  Wash..... 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

city 

township 

township 

city 

village 

precinct 

city 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-prect 

[losf-town 

pofet-twp 

precinct 

city 

precinct 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-1  wp 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

post-town 

town 

post-vill 

town 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

post-town 

post-l  wp 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

precinct 

village 

preci  net 

post-town 

post-prect 


County. 


Conejos 

Lane 

Henry 

Jackson 

Bradford 

Nuckolls 

Grant 

Portage 

Stafford 

Nevada 

Prowers 

Dougherty 

Whiteside 

Whiteside 

C)elaware 

Clinton 

Oxford 

Stearns 

Gentry 

Harlan 

Carroll 

Alliany 

Athens 

Linn 

Linn 

Berks 

Bradford 

Shackelford.... 

Orleans 

Green 

Green 

Pepin 

Saginaw 

Stanly 

Stanly 

Montgomery... 

Benton 

Freeborn 

Freeborn 

Howard 

Duplin 

Marshall 

Monroe 

Brown 

Multnomah .... 
Multnomah.... 

Cassia 

Cassia 

Edwards 

Edwards 

Noble 

Noble 

Butler 

Howard 

Marshall 

Barton 

Reno 

Kcpublic 

Kennebec 

Calhoun 

Calhoun 

Wright 

Boone 

Orleans 

Orleans 

Oswego 

Erie 

Dane 

Jackson 

Trempealeau .. 

Alamance 

Chatham 

Mobile 

Bernalillo 

Grand  Isle 

Union 

E-icambia 

Rooks 

Alcona 

Sheridan 

Hall 

McHenry 

Hardin 

Hardin 

Freeborn  

Freeborn 

Erie 

Erie 

Hand.. 

Polk 

Saguache 

Baker 

Clatsop 

Klickitat 

Monroe 

Pierce... 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


427 
139 
189 
120 


1,342 


3,210 
810 
023 
249 

2,031 
603 
5.S0 
979 
260 
361 
90,758 
409 


1,867 

1,003 

1,404 

129 

1,138 

1,133 

207 

431 

431 

1,802 


413 

878 

1,900 


754 

609 

2,43.' 

409 


14; 


2.57 

3,302 
876 

1,008 
920 

1,349 
783 
49.'-) 
240 
43( 
603 

1,191 
964 

2,710 
786 
330 

5,147 


2,509 

43:1 

1,351 

1,402 

6(iC 

790 

1,507 

51 K 

2,315 

1,014 


272 
1,214 


953 
1,174 
495 
474 
23.5 
2,534 
&21 


1,274 


973 

182 

Hi 

23:t 
163 

260 

1,842 

563 

2i'>9 

01 

4,008 

792 

611 

571 

2,073 

615 

1,092 

i,;i34 

354 

377 

94,923 

471 

1,447 

3,079 

1,491 

1,433 

857 

955 

1,380 

098 

459 

013 

2,233 

248 

142 

600 

917 

3,305 

602 

671 

1,388 

2,.3.59 

600 

6,264 

645 

179 

2,180 

037 

J,29rt 

1,229 

1,440 

075 

384 

3.5« 

540 

858 

1,042 

799 

.3,763 

1,373 

02fJ 

5,773 

4,586 

2,172 

360 

1,516 

1,717 

847 

80T 

1,732 

853 

3,785 

1,3911 

110 

249 

120 

697 

208 

477 

1,014 

1,278 

512 

691 

270 

2,304 

633 

92 

1,261 

141 

159 

442 

3.52 

GG3 

2»2 


47 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP  1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
•tata. 


Aldine,  Kan 

Aldrich,  Mino 

Aldricli,  BliDD 

Aledu,  III 

Aleppo,  I>a. 

Aleppo,  Pa 

Alequa,  Fla ...., 

Alewandro,  Cal , 

Alexander,  Ark 

Alexander,  Ga 

AlexaudtT,  III 

Alexander,  111 

Alexander,  Kan«.... 

Alexunder,  Kan 

Alexander,  Me 

Alexander,  Mo 

Alexander,  N.Y 

Alexander,  0 

Alexander,  Tex 

Alexander  Ciry,  Ala.... 
Alexander  City,  Ala.... 

Alexandria,  Ala 

Alexandria,  Ind 

Alexandria,  Kan 

Alexandria,  Ky 

Alexandria,  La 

Alexandria,  La 

Alexandria,  Minn 

Alexandria,  Minn 

Alexandria,  Mu 

Alexandria,  Neb 

Alexandria,  N.H 

Alexandria,  N..f 

Alexandria,  N.Y 

Alexandria,  0 , 

Alexandria,  Pa 

Alexandria,  Va... 

Alexandria  Bay,  N.Y 

Alexia,  III 

Alexis,  Neb 

Alford,  Ga 

Alfurd,  Mass 

Alforlgville,  N.C 

Alfred,  Me 

Alfred,  N.Y , 

Alfred  Centre,  N.Y..., 

Alfsborg,  Minn , 

Algansue,  Mich 

Algernon,  Neb 

Algudunes,  N.M , 

Algoma,  Mich 

Algunia,  Wig , 

Algona,  Iowa 

Algona,  lowH 

Algonquin,  III 

Albanibra,  Cal 

A^lhanibra,  III 

Alhambra,  Mont 

Ali8Bl,Cal 

Alitak,  Alaska 

Alkali,  Neb 

Allamucliy,  N.J , 

Allapaha,  Ga. 

Allatoona,  Ga 

Allegan,  Mich , 

Allegan,  Mich , 

Alleghany,  N.Y 

Alleghany,  N.0._ 

Alleghany,  Pa, 

Alleghany,  Pa 

Alleghany,  Pa 

Alleghany,  Pa 

Alleghany,  Pa 

Alleghany,  Pa 

Alleghany,  Pa. 

Alleghany,  Pa. 

Alleghany,  Va 

Alleghany,  Ya 

Allen,  Ala 

Allen,  Ark 

Allen,  Col 

Allen,  Ga 

Allen,  III 

Allen,  III „ 

Allen,  Ind 

Allen,  Ind 

Allen,  Iowa „ 

Allen,  Iowa 

Allen,  Iowa. , 

Allen,  Kan , 

Allen,  Kan , 

Allen,  Ky 

Allen,  Ky 

Allen,  Mich 

Allen,  Mo , 

AUen,  N.Y 

48 


Bank  of 
place. 


townahtp 

township 

poet-vill 

ciljr 

township 

po«t-twp 

precinct 

[Kjst-prect 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-|)rect 

precinct 

township 

ix)8t-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-tuwn 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-lowu 

township 

mag.-dlst 

ward 

post-town 

township 

|108t-vill 

post-town 

post-prect 

poft-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

city 

po.«t-vill 

post-vill 

township 

niil.-<li8t 

post-town 

IK)st-twp 

post-town 

[Kjst-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

village 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

hiag.-dist 

precinct 

township 

post-prect 

tnil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

poet- town 


County. 


Norton  .„... 
Wadena..... 
Wadena..... 

Mercer 

Alleghany. 

Greene 

Walton , 

San  Dernardino 

Pulaski 

Jefferson...., 

Morgan 

Pope 

Cheyenne.... 

Hush 

Washington 

Benton 

Genesee 

Athens 

Erath 

Tallapoosa 

Tallapoosa.. 

Calhoun 

Madison 

Leavenworth... 
Campbell...., 

Rapides 

Rapides , 

Donglas 

Douglas 

Clark 

Thayer 

Gral'ton 

Hunterdon,., 

.lefferson 

Licking 

Huntingdon 
Alexandria.. 

Jefferson 

Warren 

Butler 

Hart 

Berkshire.. .. 

Robeson 

York 

•\lleghany... 
Alleghany... 

Sibley 

Branch 

Custer 

Bernalillo.... 

Kent 

Winnebago. 

Kossuth 

Kosfluth 

McHenry 

Los  Angeles. 

Madison 

Jeffi-rson 

Monterey 


Population. 


531 

6U2 


1,402 
067 

1,448 
100 


Deuel 

Warren 

Berrien 

Bartow 

Allegan 

Allegan 

Cattaraugus.... 

Davidson 

Alleghany 

Blair 

Butler 

Cambria. 

Potter 

Somerset 

Venango 

Westmoreland. 

Craig 

Montgomery... 

Calhoun 

Pope 

Gunnison 

Walton 

La  Salle 

McLean 

Miami 

Noble 

Harrison 

Polk..„ 

Warren  _ 

Jewell 

Kingman 

Clay 

Kloyd 

Hillsdale 

Worth 

Alleghany 


1,444 

736 
1,116 


367 

4:i9 

l,lCi) 

1,608 

1,423 


2,f«C 

488 

1,250 

2,951 

.3,730 

1.800 

139 

1,365 

760 

8ie 

828 

1,324 

3,136 

2G9 

484 

13,659 

687 

398 

566 

980 

348 

1,571 

1,101 

l,52(i 

613 

477 

1,550 


2,100 
791 
2,147 
1,359 
2,321 


1,228 


648 

167 

778 

3,698 

2,305 

4,044 

692 

78,682 

2,149 

2,287 

1,431 

672 

1,201 

1,043 

2,050 

1,268 

3,725 

1,114 

211 


797 

1,016 

1,291 

1,225 

2,036 

297 

673 

1,031 

653 

196 

913 

1,246 

1,580 

1,847 

818 


S24 

262 
69 
1,601 

510 
l,5;n 

102 
61 

146 
1,619 

062 
1,072 

190 

212 

337 
1,730 
1,587 
1,243 

381 
3,146 

679 
2,498 

715 
1,108 
2,828 
4,950 
2,861 

470 
2,118 

5.30 
1,111 

679 
1,260 
3,601 

296 

438 
14,;5.39 
1,123 

562 

681 
1,008 

297 
2,206 
1,030 
1,C<J9 

786 

631 
1,383 
1,328 

366 
2,077 

767 
2,068 
2,1168 
2,612 

808 
1,122 

114 
3,767 

420 
96 

759 

449 

700 
3,983 
2,669 
3,611 

640 
105,287 

2,  aw 

1,224 

1,257 

630 

1,463 

536 

2,216 

1,301 

3,787 

1,086 

177 

69 

841 

1,052 

1,209 

1,173 

1,902 

674 

498 

898 

789 

324 

863 

1,261 

1,429 

1,889 

717 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Allen,  N.D 

Allen,  0 

Allen,  O 

Allen,  O 

Allen,  0 

Allen,  Pa 

Allen,  Pa 

Allen,  S.D 

Allen,  W.  Va 

Allendale,  Mich 

Allendale,  N.D 

Allendale,  S.C 

Allen  Fresh,  Md 

Allen  Grove,  III.. 

Allen's  Grove,  Iowa.. 

Alleiistown,  N.H 

Allensville,  Ky 

Allensville,  Ky 

Allensville,  N.C 

Allensville,  Tcnn 

Allenton,  Ala 

Allentown,  Pa 

Allenville,  III 

Allenvillc,  Mo 

Allertoii,  Iowa 

AUeyton,  Tex 

Alliance,  Minn 

Alliance,  Neb 

Alliance,  0 

Alliance,  S.D 

Alligator,  N.C 

Alligator,  S.C 

Allis,  Mich , 

Allison,  Ala 

Allison,  III , 

Allison,  Iowa 

Allison,  Kan , 

Allison,  Ky , 

Allison,  Pa 

Allison,  S.D 

Allodium,  Kan 

Allouer,  Wis 

Allouez,  Mich 

Allsborough,  Ala , 

All8ton,Neb 

Alma,  Ark 

Alum,  Ark 

Alma,  Col 

Alma,  III.. 
Alma,  Kan.„., 
Alma,  Kan., 
Alma,  Mich.. 
Alma,  Minn.. 
Alma,  Mo., 

Alma,  Neb , 

Alma,  Neb 

Alma,  N.Y 

Alma,  N.D 

Alma,  Wis 

Alma,  Wis 

Alma,  Wis , 

Almaden,Cal 

AInielo,  Kan 

Almena,  Kan 

Almena,  Kan 

Almena,  Mich 

Aimer,  Mich 

Almira,  Mich 

Almo,  Idaho 

Almon,  Wis 

Almond,  Ala 

Almond,  Minn 

Almond,  N.Y 

Almond,  Wis 

Almonds,  N.C 

Almont,  Mich 

Almont,  Mich 

AIna,  Me 

Alpena,  Mich 

Alpena,  Mich 

Alpena,  S.D 

Alpha,  Idaho 

Alpha,  Iowa 

Alpha,  S.D 

Alpha,  Wash 

Alpharetta,  Ga 

Alpharetta,  Qa 

Alpine,  Ark 

Alpine,  Cal 

Alpine,  Ga. 

Alpine,  Mich 

Alpine,  Ore 

Alpine,  Utah 

Alpine  City,  Utah.. 
Alsace,  Pa............ 

Alsea,  Ore............ 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-dist 

township 

i>oHt-twp 

IKist-town 

mag.-dist 

l>ost-town 

post-twp 

civil-d  8t 

I)o8t-prect 

city 

village 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

city 

township 

township 

towhship 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

I)ost-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post  twp 

township 

city 

I)ost-vilI 

township 

post  town 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

jKjst  twp 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

townghip 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-twp 

jx)st-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-twp 

poBt-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-prect 

precinct 

i>ost-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 


County. 


Kidder 

Darke 

Hancock ... 

Ottawa 

UiiioM 

Northampton... 
Wusliington. 

Beadle 

Morgan 

Ottawa 

Grand  Forks 

Barnwell 

Charles 

Mason 

Scott , 

Merrimack... 

Todd , 

Todd 

Person 

Sevier , 

Wilcox 

Lehigh 

Moultrie 

Cayie  Girardeau 

Wayne 

Colorado , 

Clay 

Boxbutte 

Stark 

Moody 

Tyrrell 

Chesterfield , 
Presque  Isle, 

Jackson 

Lawrence .... 

Lyon 

Decatur 

Hardin 

Clinton 

Brown 

Graham 

Brown 

Keweenaw.., 

Colbert 

Dundy 

Ciawford 

Crawford 

Park 

Marion 

Wabaunsee.. 
Wabaunsee.. 

Gratiot 

Marshall 

Lafayette 

Harlan 

Harlan 

Alleghany... 

Cavalier 

Buffalo 

Buffalo 

Jackson 

Santa  Claia.. 

Norton 

Norton 

Norton 

Van  Bnren.. 

Tuscola 

Bcnzie..„ 

Cassia 

Shawano 

Clay 

Big  Stone 

Alleghany... 

Portage 

Stanly  ..„ 

Lapeer 

Lapeer 

Lincoln 

Alpena 

Alpena 

Jerauld , 

Boise 

Fayelte 

Hand 

Lewis 

Milton 

Milton , 

Clark 

San  Diego 

Chattooga 

Kent 

Morrow 

Utah 

Utah 

Berks 

Benton , 


Population. 


1K80.      1800. 


1,240 
1,026 


1,333 
2,602 
1,236 


907 
1,074 


2,6S0 
2,7'-i7 
1,102 

833 
1.707 
1,288 

39(i 

l,3sy 

019 
2,215 
18,063 


4,530 


917 
1,226 


1,008 


2,277 
930 


2.^,9 
975 


1,798 
50t 

"i',(l24 

1,057 

362 

437 


63 


865 


731 
1,244 

799 
2,418 


t76 


9:!( 

1,172 

366 


303 
9.33 

235 

1,567 

872 

924 

2,050 

837 

687 

720 

0,153 


1,304 
164 
489 


927 
1,378 


319 

319 

1,62:1 

327 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Alstead,  N.H 

Alta,  Iowa 

Altit,  Kun 

Altii,  Ore 

Altamont,  III 

Altaniuut,  Kan 

Altumout,  Ky 

Altamont,  Md 

Altamont,  S.l> 

Altamont,  Tenn 

Altary,  Kan 

Alta  Vista,  Minn 

Altcnbiirg,  Mo... 

Althouae,  Ore 

Alto,  Ga 

Alto,  III 

Alto,  Tex 

Alto,  Wis 

Alto  Chupaderos,  N.M. 

Alton,  III 

Alton,  III 

Alton,  Ind 

Alton,  Iowa 

Alton,  Kan 

Alton,  Ky 

Alton,  Me 

Alton,  Minn 

Alton,  N.H. 

Alton,  S.D 

Altona,  Col 

Altona,  111 

Altona,  Minn 

Altona,  N.Y 

Altoona,  Fla 

Altoona,  Fla 

Altoona,  Iowa 

Altoona,  Kan 

Altoona,  Pa 

Altoona,  S.D 

Altoona,  Wis 

Alto  Pass,  111 

Alto  Pass,  111 

Alturas,  Cal 

Altus,  Ark 

Alum  Ridge,  Va 

Alva,  Fla 

Alvarado,  Tex 

Alvin,  Tex 

Alviso,  Cal 

Alvord,  Ore 

Alvord,  Tex 

Amador,  Minn 

Amador  City,  Cal 

Amami,  Iowa 

Amanda,  0 

Amanda,  0 

Amanda,  0 

Amanda,  0 

Amandale,  S.D 

Amaqiip,  Iowa 

Amargo,  N.M 

Amarillo,  Tex 

Amazon,  Mont 

Amazonia,  Mo 

Amber,  Mich 

Ambia,  Ind 

Ambler,  Pa 

Aniboy,  III 

Amboy,  111 

Aniboy,  Ind 

Amboy,  Midi 

Amboy,  Minn 

Amboy,  Minn 

Amboy,  N.Y 

Amboy,  0.  

Amelia,  S.C 

Amenia,  N.Y 

Amenia,  N.D 

America,  111 

America,  Iowa 

America,  S.D 

American,  Cal 

American,  Cal 

American  Falls,  Idaho 
American  Fork,  Utah.. 
American  Kidge,  Idaho 

Americus,  Ga 

Americus,  Kan 

Americus,  Kan 

Americus,  N.D 

Amery,  Wis 

Ames,  Cal 

Ames,  Col 

Ames,  Iowa 

Ames,  0 

Amesbury,  Mass 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-town 

l)ost-town 

post-twp 

precinct 

po^t-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

district 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

niil.-dist 

township 

posl-viU 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

city 

f)o»t-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

|>ost-town 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

iwst-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

city 

township 

city 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

I>recinct 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-bo  ro' 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-prect 

post-prect 

precinct 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-town 


County. 


Cheshire 

Buena  Vista.. 

Harvey 

L'niatilla 

Effingham.... 

Labette 

Laurel 

Garrett 

Deuel 

Grundy 

Decatur 

Lincoln  

Perry 

Josephine 

Gilmer 

Lee , 

Cherokee , 

Fond  da  Lac 

Mora 

Madison 

Madison 

Crawford 

Sioux , 

Osborne 

Anderson , 

Penobscot 

Waseca 

Ilelknap 

Brookings 

Boulder 

Knox 

Pipe  Stone .... 

Clinton 

Lake 

Lake 

Polk 

Wilson , 

Blair. 

Beadle 

Eau  Claire 

Union 

Union 

Modoc 

Franklin 

Floyd 

Lee 

.lohnson 

Brazoria 

Santa  Clara... 

Harney 

Wise 

Chisago 

Amador 

Iowa 

Allen 

Fairfield 

Fairfield 

Hancock 

Spink 

Bkione 

Rio  Arriba.... 

Potter 

Jefferson 

Andrew 

Mason 

Benton 

Montgomery. 

Lee 

Lee 

Miami 

Hillsdale 

Blue  Earth... 
Cottonwood... 

Oswego 

Fulton 

Orangeburg.. 

Dutchess 

Cass 

Pulaski 

Plymouth 

BruU 

San  Bernardino 
Sacramento.. 

Oneida 

Utah 

Latah 

Sumter 

Lyon 

Lyon 

Grand  Forks 

Polk 

San  Diego.... 
San  Miguel., 

Story 

Athens 

Bssex 


Population. 


],o:W 
423 
523 
652 
664 


1,561 

""ii'o 


221 
2;h 

347 


1,028 

88 

1,335 


9,848 

8,975 

259 


1,155 
419 
947 

1,476 


818 

145 

3,570 


400 
19,710 


2,318 
166 
455 
224 

1,428 


377 


178 
824 
1,633 
1,456 
1,840 
3T5 
1,474 


597 


262 

747 

253 

251 

3,671 

2,448 

20« 

1,379 

56 

139 

1,244 

1,291 

3,664 

2,697 


2,311 


401 

"l,825 


3,635 

1,906 

431 


1,153 
1,3'j2 
3,356 


870 

768 

616 

695 

1,044 

454 

216 

1,002 

255 

67 

301 

287 

183 

226 

363 

923 

210 

1,316 

231 

11,11.57 

10,294 

277 

708 

338 

1,209 

348 

1,042 

1,372 

315 

255 

654 

282 

2,308 

463 

120 

326 

265 

30,3;i7 

195 

805 

2,186 

3S9 

1,145 

469 

1,721 

112 

1,543 

261 

967 

28 

600 

463 

984 

1,687 

1,425 

1,907 

469 

1,2.50 

121 

785 

604 

482 

3 

282 

1,036 

293 

1,073 

3,139 

2,257 

402 

1,236 

215 

222 

969 

1,450 

4,661 

2,362 

280 

651 

4,754 

407 

876 

648 

278 

1,942 

707 

6,398 

1,857 

393 

654 

451 

71 

104 

1,276 

1,281 

9,798 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Amherst,  Iowa 

Amherst,  Me 

Amherst,  Mass 

Amherst,  Minn 

Amherst,  N.H 

Amherst,  N.Y 

Amherst,  0 

Amherst,  Va 

Amherst,  Va 

Amherst,  Wis 

Amherst,  Wis 

Amicalola,  Ga 

Amifet,  Minn 

Amite  City,  La 

Amity,  Ark 

Amity,  Ark 

Amity,  111 

Amity,  Iowa 

Amity.  Me 

Amity,  N.Y 

Amity,  Ore 

Amity,  Pa 

Amity,  Pa 

Amity ville,  N.Y 

Amo,  Minn 

Amor,  Minn 

Aniory,  Miss 

Amsterdam,  Iowa 

Amsterdam,  N.Y 

Amsterdam,  N.Y 

Amsterdam,  Va 

Amwell,  Pa 

Anaconda,  Mont 

Anacortes,  Wash 

Anaheim,  Cal 

Anaheim,  Cal 

Analy,  Cal 

Anamosa,  Iowa 

Auatone,  Wash 

Anchor,  111 

Ancram,  N.Y 

Andalusia,  Ala 

Andalusia,  Ala 

Andalusia,  III 

Andalusia,  111 

Anderson,  Ala 

Anderson,  Ark 

Anderson,  Ark 

Anderson,  Cal 

Anderson,  Cal 

Anderson,  Cal 

Anderson,  Ga 

Anderson,  Ga 

Anderson,  111 

Anderson,  Ind 

Anderson,  Ind 

Anderson,  Ind 

Anderson,  Ind 

Anderson,  Ind 

Anderson,  Iowa 

Anderson,  Neb 

Anderson,  N.C 

Anderson,  0 

Anderson,  S.C 

Anderson,  W.  Va 

Anderson  C.-H.,  S.C 

Anderson  Creek,  N.C... 

Andes,  N.Y 

Andes,  N.Y 

Andover,  Conn 

Andover,  III 

Andover,  111 

Andover,  Me 

Andover,  Mass 

Andovor,  Minn 

Andover,  N.H 

Andover,  N.J 

Andover,  N.Y 

Andover,  0 

Andover,  0 

Andover,  S.D 

Andover,  S.D 

Andover,  Vt 

Andrea,  Minn 

Andreievsky,  Alaska... 

Andrew,  Iowa 

Andrews,  Ind 

Andrews,  Neb 

Angel,  Cal 

Angelica,  N.Y 

Angelica,  N.Y 

Angelica,  Wis 

Angelo,  Wis 

Angel's  Camp,  Cal 

Auglesea,  N.J 

Augnovchamute,  Alas. 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

post-town 

post-town 

lK>st-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post- town 

township 

pos^prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

l)ost-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

city 

mag.-dist 

township 

city 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-1  own 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

hamlet 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

.township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

hamlet 


County. 


Cherokee 

Hancock 

Hampshire 

Fillmore 

Hillsborough.. 

Erie 

Lorain 

Amherst 

Amherst 

Portage 

Portage 

Dawson 

Lyon 

Tangipahoa 

Clark 

Clark 

Livingston 

Page 

Aroostook 

Alleghany 

Yam  Hill 

Berks 

Erie 

Suffolk 

Cottonwood 

Otter  Tail 

Monroe 

Hancock 

Montgomery... 
Montgomery... 

Itotetouit 

Washington.... 

Deer  Lodge 

Skagit 

Orange 

Orange 

Sonoma 

Jones 

Asotin 

McLean 

Columbia 

Covington 

Covington 

Rock  Island.... 
Rock  Island.... 

Clarke 

Benton 

Clark 

Mendocino 

Shasta 

Shasta 

Banks 

Wilkes 

Clark 

Madison 

Madison 

Perry 

Rush 

Warrick 

Mills 

Phelps 

Caswell... 

Hamilton 

Williamsburg.. 

Hancock 

Anderson 

Harnett 

Delaware 

Delaware.. 

Tolland 

Henry 

Henry 

Oxford 

Essex 

Polk 

Merrimack 

Sussex 

Alleghany 

Ashtabula 

Ashtabula 

Day 

Day 

Windsor 

Wilkin 


Jackson 

Huntington.. 

Sioux 

Calaveras 

Alleghany..., 
Alleghany.... 

Shawano 

Monroe 

Calaveras 

Cape  May..... 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


341 

400 
4,298 

931 
1,226 
4,519 
3,259 
4,619 


1,376 

298 

399 

282 

1,120 

1,439 

140 

1,290 

1,381 

432 

1,972 

68: 

1,598 

1,033 

1,063 

142 

208 


222 
11,710 
9,406 
5,009 
1,900 


1,469 

833 

1,851 

2,083 


942 
1,602 
729 
690 
691 


653 
2,018 
621 
796 
995 


749 
1,066 
1,216 
6,137 
4,126 
1,968 
1,405 

912 
1,074 


1,822 

4,154 

733 


1,850 
824 

2,039 
49(J 
428 

1,003 
302 
780 

6,169 
286 

1,204 

1,150 

1, 

1,106 


1,620 
705 
3.36 
469 
330 


49 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  RETURNS  OP  1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


)  of  plae*  anil 
•UU. 


Aiifute.  MY 

AagM,  low* 

AiiKiis.  Ulna. 

Aiiimtka,  Col 

Animiui,  Tol .~. 

AiiliiiHi  F»ik(,  Col 

Aniim,  ».U 

Anita.  Iowa 

Aniwa,  WU _ 

Ankaliclingraute,  AIm.. 

Anil,  Minn 

Anna,  III 

Anna,  Ml 

Anna.O 

Annubella,  Utah 

Annaiidnlp,  Minn 

Anna|M>li'<,  Md 

Anna|K>lii,  Mo 

Ann  Arbor,  Mich 

Ann  Arbor,  Micli.« 

AniMuan,  III 

Annuwan,  III 

Anneta,    and    Conollo- 

way,  Ky 

Annin,  I'a 

Annisluii,  Ala... 

AnnUton,  Ala. 

Annoim,  Tex 

AnnoToklinniuto,  AIhs. 

Annsville,  N.Y 

Annville,  P* 

Anoka,  Minn 

Anoka,  Itlinn.- 

Ansley,  Neb 

Anson,  Me 

Anson,  Tex 

Anson,  Wig 

Ansoiiia,  Conn 

Ansoiiia,  0 

Ansoiiville,  N.C 

Ante1o|ie,  Cal 

Antplo|«,  Idaho 

Antelope,  Neli 

Antel(i|>e,  Neb 

Antelo|ie,  Neb 

Anteloi)e,  Neb 

Antelope,  Nel 

Antelope,  Neb 

Anleliijie,  Neb 

Antclo|ie,  Neb 

Anlelo|)e,  N.D 

Antelope,  Ove 

Anieloi*,  Ore 

Antelope,  S.D 

Antelope,  Tex 

Autelu|io  Spring,  Neb... 
Antelope  Valley,  S.D... 

Anthony,  FIh 

Anthony,  Kan 

Anthony,  Kan 

Anthony,  Minn 

Anthon.v,  Pa 

Anthony,  Pa 

Anthony  Creek,  W.  Va. 

Aniietam,  Md 

Antigo,  Wis 

Aotiiio,  Wig 

Antioch,  Ark 

Antioch,  Ark 

Antioch,  Cal 

Antiix-h,  Ga. 

Antioch,  Ga 

Antl.Krh,  III.  

Antioch,  III 

Antioch,  Ky 

Antioch,  Ky 

Antioch,  Mich 

AutJoch,  N.C 

Antioch.  8.C 

Aniig.  Pa 

Antoine,  Ark 

Antoine,  Ark 

Anton  Chico,  N.M 

An^>nito,  Col 

Antonito,  Col 

Antrim,  Mich 

Antiini,  Blich 

Antrim,  Minn 

Antrim,  Neb 

Antrim,  N.U 

Antrim,  O 

Antrim,  Pa 

|Anlwerp,  Blich 

•Antwerp,  N.Y 

Antwerp,  N.Y 

SO 


Rank  of 
placa. 


pott-town 

pu«t-vtll 

|io«t-town 

poat-iwp 

precinct 

p4lllt-Till 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

piist-twp 

village 

towngliip 

precinct 

city 

IKWt-vill 

poat-prect 

|KMlt-Vill 

city 

post-town 

b>wnghip 

city 

townghip 

post-viU 

mag.-dlst 

township 

precinct 

city 

post-town 

hamlet 

township 

posl-vill 

township 

city 

l>ogt-twp 

j)Ogt-town 

poet-town 

township 

po't-town 

post-vill 

p08t-twp 

township 

pogt-prect 

precinct 

township 

townghip 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precitict 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

towhMhip 

jUHt.-prect 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

townghip 

townsiiip 

mag.-dist 

district 

t>wnship 

city 

township 

township 

post-town 

mil.-digt 

mil.-<ligt 

townghip 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

township 

towngliip 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

village 

towtiship 

post-twp 

precinct 

|KMrt-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 


Ououty. 


9leiiben.... 

Krie 

l<<Kine 

Polk  

La  Plata... 
U  Plata... 
San  Jnan... 

Joranid 

Cass 

Shawano ... 


Cottonwood 

Union 

Union 

Shelby 

Sevier 

Wriglit 

Anne  Arundel. 

Iron 

Washtenaw 

Washtenaw 

lienry 

Henry 


Grayson...., 
McKran.... 
Calhoun .... 
Calhoun.... 
Ited  liiver.. 


Oneida 

Lebanon  

Anoka 

Anoku 

('usier 

Somerset 

Jones 

Chip|)ewa 

New  Haven 

Darke 

Anson 

Blono 

Altunis 

Dawson 

Franklin 

Harlan 

Hayes 

JeHerson 

Lincoln 

Sheridan 

Sioux 

Benson 

Union 

Wasco 

8pink 

.luck 

Dawes 

Deuel 

Marion 

Harper 

Harfier 

Nonnan 

Lycoming 

Montour 

Greenbrier 

Washini^toD 

Langlade 

Langlade , 

Garland 

Hot  Spring 

Contra  Costa.... 

Stewart.... , 

Trnnp 

Lake , 

Lake 

Klovd 

Woife 

Wexford 

Wilkes..  , 

Darlington 

Blair , 

Clark._ 

Pike , 

Guadaloupe 

Conejos 

Conejos 

Antrim , 

ShiHwnssee 

Watonwan 

Dawes 

Hillsborough .. 

Wvandot 

Franklin 

Van  Buren 

Jefferson 

JeOersou 


Populatioo. 


IMO.      1800 


1,580 
fi08 


7U 
286 


470 


200 

3,308 

1,4»4 

266 

2U6 


6,642 
153 

1,400 

8,061 

1,287 

306 


1,089 

1,401 

042 


2,.V>4 

1,4:U 

261 

2,706 


1,656 

"Via 


642 

2,364 

288 


607 
436 


79 

"ooo 


1,022 
345 
147 
592 

1,042 
7f)7 

4,691 


362 


626 

1,719 

1,067 

1,472 

134 

753 

426 

114 

675 

1,154 

2,281 

1,288 

634 


1,190 
4:50 


1.172 
l,!t28 
4,284 
l,n.=>8 
3,414 
731 


1,M0 

660 

7l>4 

171 

431 

180 

«!i 

200 

606 

686 

103 

338 

1,607 

2,205 

627 

280 

211 

7,604 

600 

1,.1«3 

9,431 

1,164 

387 

1,154 

1,188 

10,018 

9,098 

267 

15 

2,068 

1,28:1 

360 

4,252 

750 

1,444 

495 

6:« 

10,342 

076 

2,074 

356 

74 

301 

493 

60:J 

226 

661 

106 

137 

62 

154 

130 

307 

165 

1,052 

748 

103 

231 

84(1 

1.806 

329 

6(i2 

062 

838 

1,364 

643 

4,424 

4:i4 

392 

6*6 

1,463 

775 

1,704 

;«X3 

0<>4 

6:» 

470 

818 

1,4.58 

2,(160 

1,691 

777 

00(t 

335 

315 

480 

002 

673 

116 

1,248 

1,704 

4,.3.59 

1.922 

3,(195 

912 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Antwerp,  0 .' 

Anvik,  Alaska 

A])achH,  Col 

AJialHchicolii,  Kla 

Apaliiuchaniule,  Alas. 

A|)ex.  N.C 

Aplin,  Ark.. , 

Aplington,  Iowa 

Apolacun,  Pu 

Apollo,  Pa , 

Apopka,  Fla , 

Ap(>aDoo8e,  111 

Appanooee,  Kan 

Apple  Creek,  Mo 

Apple  Creek,  N.D 

Apple  Creek,  0 

Ajiplegate,  On* 

Apple  Urove,  Ala , 

Apple  River,  III 

Apple  River,  111 

Apple  Kiver,  Wis 

Appleton,  Kan 

Appleton,  Me 

Ap|)leton,  Minn  

Appleton,  Minn 

Appleton,  Mo , 

Appleton,  Mo , 

Apidelon,  S.C 

Appleton,  Wis 

Appleton  City,  Mo 

Appling,  Ga 

Apponiiittox,  Kan 

Apiwmattox,  S  D , 

Ap|io(]uinimink,  Del... 

Aquit  Kria.  N  M 

Aquango,  Cal 

Aqua  Sarca,  N.BI 

Aquasco,  Md 

Aquia,  Va  

Arag",  Neb 

Arapahoe,  Kan 

Arapahoe,  Neb 

Arapahoe,  Neb 

Ararat,  Pa 

Arbacoochee,  Ala 

Arbela,  Mich 

Arbela,  Mo 

Arb..Ies,N.M 

Arbor,  Kan 

Arborville,  Neb , 

Arbuckle,  Cal 

Arbuckle,  W.  Va 

Arcnda,  Mich 

Arcade,  Kan 

Arcade,  N.Y 

.\rcadiu,Kla 

Arcadia,  III 

Arcadia,  Ind 

Arcadlii,  Iowa 

Arcadia,  Iowa 

Arcadiii,  Kan 

Arcadia,  Ln 

Arcadia,  Mich , 

Arcadia,  Mich 

Arcadia,  Mo 

Aroiidia,  Mo 

Arcadia,  Neb 

Arcadia,  Nob 

Arcadia,  N.Y 

Arcadia,  N.C 

Arcadia,  O 

Arcadia,  Wis 

Arcadia,  Wis 

Arcanum,  0 

Areata,  Cal , 

Archbald,  Pa 

Arclil)old,  O 

Arclidale.  N.C 

Archer,  Fla. 

Archer,  O 

Archey  Valley,  Ark.... 

Archie,  Mo 

Arco,  Idaho 

Areola,  III 

Areola,  111 

Areola,  La 

Arctander.  Minn 

Arden,  N.C 

Arden,  W.  Va 

Ardmore,  Pa 

Aidoch,  N.D 

Ardoch,  N.D 

Arena,  Cal 

Arena,  Minn 

Arena,  S.D 

Arena,  Wi8_ 


lUnk  of 
place. 


po«t-ylII 

village 

precinct 

.ity 

hamlet 

poiit-vill 

IKJSt-tWp 

i>osi-iown 
townithip 
poit-boro' 
post-town 
towngliip 
township 
township 
township 

INISt-Vill 

post  prect 

post-prect 

townghip 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

jKist-town 

townghip 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

pogt'Vill 

city 

pogt-viU 

niil.-dist 

po8t-vill 

pogt-twp 

liundred 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

district 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

ppst-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

|)OSt-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

towuHhip 

township 

post-  tow  n 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

townsliip 

post-vill 

post-vill 

IKist-fown 

jKist-ljoro' 

post-vill 

|>o8t-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

city 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

l>osf-vill 

township 

township 

townsliip 

townghip 


County. 


Paulding.. 


Huerfano.. 
Franklin... 


Wake 

Perry 

Butler 

Susquehanna.... 
Armstrong  . 

Orange 

Hancock  .... 

Franklin 

Cape  Girardeau 

Burleigh 

Wayne 

Jackson 

Morgan 

Jo  Daviess 

Jo  Daviess 

Polk 

Clark 

Knox 

Swift 

Swift 

Cape  Girardeau 

Saint  Clair 

Barnwell  

Outagamie 

Saint  Clair 

Columbia 

Grant 

Potter 

New  Castle 

Santa  Fe 

San  Diego 

San  Mijiuel 

Prince  George's 

Stafford 

Hicliarilson.... 

Haskell 

Furnas 

Furnas 

Siisquehnnna. 

Cleburne 

Tuscola 

Scotland 

Uio  Arriba 

Rawlins 

York 

Colusa 

Maj<on 

(5ratiot 

Phillips 

W.voniing 

DeSoto 

Morgan 

Hamilton 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Crawford 

Bienville 

Lapeer 

Manistee 

Iron 

Iron 


Valley 

Valley 

Wayne 

Davidson 

Hancock 

Trempealeau  ... 
Trempealeau  ... 

Darke 

Humboldt 

Lackawanna.... 

Fulton 

Randolph 

Alachua 

Harrison 

Van  Buren 

Cass 

Altnras 

Doufflas 

Douglas 

Tanvipahoa 

Kandiyohi 

Buncombe 

Berkeley 

Montgomery  ... 

Walsh 

WaUh 

Mendocino 

Lac-qui-Parle... 

Potter 

Iowa 


Population. 


1,276 


l,3:i6 


228 
467 


530 
1.166 


846 
1,061 
2,924 


385 
36i: 


l,o:i6 

626 
412 


1,:H8 
2:12 
400 
100 

1,983 


8,005 

1,(«4 

960 


2,351 


1,712 
2,341 

888 


l,i:iO 
470 
6:19 

877 

1,283 

144 


187 
2,040 
1,9.')2 

4 
2,000 


1,218 

4:« 

1,111 

426 


1,043 
3:15 

3,432 
259 


6,702 
857 
396 

3,167 
665 
778 
70; 

3,049 
Klo 
131 
126 
785 
481 


2,925 

1,515 

91 

614 


1,812 
619 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   EETUENS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Arena,  Wis , 

Arenac,  Mich 

Areiiilalil,  Minn 

Arenzville,  III 

Arenzville,  III 

Argeiita,  Mont 

Argentine,  Kan 

Argentine,  Mich 

Argo,  Ac,  Col 

Argo.  S.D 

Argoiiia,  Kan 

Argos,  Ind 

Argyle,  Fla 

Arg.vle,  Jle 

Argyle,  Mich 

Arjjyle,  Minn 

Aigyle,  N.Y 

Argyle,  N.Y 

Argyle,  Wis 

Argyle,  Wis 

Arickaree,  Col 

Arietta,  N.Y 

Arion,  Kan 

Aiispie,  III 

Arivacu,  Arizona 

Arizona,  La 

Arizona,  Neb 

Arkalintla.  Miiss 

Arkadelphia,  Ala 

Arkadelphia,  Ark 

Arkansas,  Ark 

Arkansas  City,  Kan 

Arkaqua,  Ga 

Arkwriglit,  N.Y 

Arlington,  Col 

Arlington,  Fla ,., 

Arlington,  Ga 

Arlington,  G« 

Arlington,  III 

Arlington,  Iowa.  

Arlington,  Kan , 

Arlington,  Ky , 

Arlington,  Ky 

Arlington,  Mass 

Arlington,  Miuh 

Arlington,  Minn 

Arlington,  Minn 

Arlington,  Mo 

Arlington,  Neb , 

Arlington,  Neb 

Arlington,  Ore 

Arlington,  Ore 

Arlington,  S.D 

Arlington,  S.D , 

Arlington,  Tenn 

Arlington,  Tex 

Arlington,  Vt 

Arlington,  Va 

Arlington,  Wis 

Arlington  Heights,  III. 
Arlington  Heights,  0. 

Armada,  Mich. 

Armada,  Mich. 

Arniadii,  Neb 

Armagh,  Pa 

Armagh,  Pa 

Armenia,  Pa 

Armenia,  Wis 

Armenia,  N.M 

Aimington,  III 

Armour,  S  D 

ArniBtrong,  Ind , 

Armstrong,  Mo 

Armstrong,  Pa 

Armstrong,  Pa 

Armstrong  Grove,  Iowa 

Arnold,  Neb , 

Arnot,  Pa 

Aroma,  III 

Arriba,  Col 

Arrington,  III 

Arlington,  Va 

Arrow  Itock,  Bio.... 

Arrow  Uock,  Mo 

Arrowsic,  Me 

Arrowsmith,  III 

Arroyo  Grande,  Cal. 
Arroyo  Grande,  Cal . 
Arroyo  de   Los   Yutas, 

N.M 

Arroyo  Hondo,  N.ai, 
Arroyo  Seco,  N.M.... 

Artesia,  III 

Artesia,  Misi 

Artesian,  S.D 

Arthur,  III 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

I)08t-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

city 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-prect 

l)ost-town 

township 

city 

mil.-dist 

IH>st-town 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

posl-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

niag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

j>ost-t>wn 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

(lOst-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

po^t-prect 

post-prect 

township 

pi  st-town 

post-viU 

pott-vill 


County. 


Iowa 

Arenac 

Fillmore 

Cass 

Ca^g 

Beaver  Head. 
Wyandotte.... 

Genesee 

Arapahoe 

Brookings..... 

Sumner 

Marshall 

Walton 

Penobscot 

Sanilac , 

Marshall 

Washington.. 
Washington.. 

Lafiyette , 

liiifayette , 

Arapahoe 

Hamilton 

Cloud , 

Bureau 

Pima 

Claiborne , 

Burt 

Tate 

Blount , 

Claik , 

Arkansas 

Cowley 

Union 

Chautauqua.. 

Kiowa , 

Dnval 

CallioUD 

Early 

Bureau 

Woodbury.... 

Keiio 

Carlisle 

Carlisle 

Middlesex.... 
Van  Buren... 

Sibley 

Sibley 

Pliolps 

Wiisliington.. 
Washington.. 

Gilliam 

Gilliam 

Buflialo 

Kingsbury ... 

Shelby 

Tarrant 

Bennington  .. 
Alexandria... 

Columbia 

Cook 

Hamilton 

Macomb 

Macomb 

Buffalo 

Iniliaua 

Mifflin 

Bradfoid 

Juneau 

Mora 

Tazewell 

Douglas 

Vanderburg.. 

Howard 

Indiana 

Lycoming 

Emmet 

Custer 

Tioga 

Kankakee 

Lincoln 

Wayne 

Nelson 

Saline 

Saline 

Sagadahoc 

McLean.. 

San  LuisOI'ispo 
San  Luis  Obispo 


Mora 

Taos 

Taos 

Iroqu'iis. . 
Lowndes.. 
Sanborn... 
Moultrie . 


Population. 


266 

578 

1,002 


1,178 


285 

a4i 


2,770 
316 

1,22.5 
322 


294 

675 

1,160 


1,50(1 
667 

1,012 
561 

1,076 


3:!7 
4,100 
1,5.51 

UIO 


8'.i2 
774 


16:1 

l,.5:i2 

1,754 

1,022 

905 

i,793 

650 


12.'J 

2,067 

410 

296 


129 


l,3l!4 

76 

1,340 

1,431 

242 


2,783 
1,200 


1,583 


2,445 
304 
2.55 

1,2.56 
998 


1,030 
150 


.354 
662 
814 

1,136 
a56 
229 

4,732 

1,009 

2,295 
339 
370 

1,101 
237 
263 
707 
306 

2,313 
15!J 

1,268 
411 
181 
357 
691 

1,043 
236 
148 
705 
148 
173 

2,455 
7(>1 

8,:«7 
438 
886 
222 
405 
417 

1.284 
436 

8:« 

745 

1,898 
674 

5,029 

1,649 
925 
417 

1,470 

1,167 
412 
694 
356 
238 
270 
343 
664 

1,352 

2,013 
828 

1,424 
222 

1,770 
638 
561 
162 

2,097 
460 
3.54 
317 
241 
4><2 

1,238 
248 

1,205 
385 
293 
800 
6-14 

1,003 
1.57 

1,808 
2i)8 

2,6o:J 

3.50 

177 

1,0W 

3,434 

466 

357 
611 
803 
1,687 
313 
256 
636 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Arthur,  Mich 

Arthur,  Minn 

Arthur,  Minn 

Arthur,  N.D 

Arthur,  Wis 

Artichoke,  Minn.... 

Artichoke,  S.D 

Arlondale,  Wash..., 

Arvilla,  N.D 

Arvon,  Mich 

Arvonia,  Kan 

Asbury,  III 

Ash,  Mich 

Ash,  Mo 

Ash.  S.D 

Ashbank,  Ga 

Ashborough,  N.C.... 
Ash  borough,  N.C.... 

Asliburn,  Ga 

Aghburnbam,  Mass. 

Ashliy,  Ala 

Ashby,  Mass 

Asbby,  Minn 

Ashby,  Neb. 

Ashby,  Tenn 

Ashby,  Va._ 

Ashby,  Va 

Ashbysburg,  Ky 

Ashcraft,  «S;c.,  Ky.... 

Ashcroft,  Col 

Ashcroft,  Col 

Ashcroft,  Pa 

Asher,  Ky 

Asherville,  Kan 

Asheville,  N.C 

Asheville,  N.C 

AshfieUI,  Mass 

Ashford,  Conn 

Ashford,  N.Y 

Ashford,  Wis 

Ash  Grove,  111 

Ash  Grove,  III 

Ash  Grove,  Mo 

Ash  Grove,  Neb 

Ash  Hill,  Mo 

Agbippun,  Wis 

Ashkuni,  111 

Aslikum,  III 

Ash  Lake,  Minn 

Ashland,  Ala 

.'Vshland,  Ala 

Ashland,  Ark 

Ashland,  Col 

Ashland,  III 

Ashland,  III 

Ashland,  Ind 

Ashland,  Kan 

Ashland,  Kan 

Ashland,  Ky 

Ashland,  Me 

Ashland,  Mass 

Ashland,  Mich 

Ashland,  Minn 

Ashland.  Miss 

Aghhind,  Mo 

Ashland,  Neb 

Ashland,  Neb 

Ashland,  Neb 

Ashland,  NH 

Ashland,  N.Y 

Ashland,  N.Y 

Ashland,  0 

Ashland,  Ore 

ARblanil,  Ore 

Ashland,  Pa 

Ashland,  Pa 

Ashland,  Va 

.\shland,  Va 

Ashland,  Wis. 

Ashland,  Wis 

Ashland  City,  Tenn 

Ashley,  Ark 

Ashley,  Ark 

Ashley,  111 

Ashley,  111 

Asliley,  Mich 

Ashley,  Minn 

Ashley,  Mo 

Ashley,  Mo 

Ashley,  0 

Ashley,  Pa 

Ashley,  Utah 

Ashmore,  111 

Asliniore,  III 

Ash  Rock,  Kau 

Ashtabula,  O 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

post  vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-prect 

posl-town 

l)08t-vill 

precinct 

civil'dist 

mag-dist 

mag.-di>t 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

mag  -dist 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

(lost-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

pOSt-Vill 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

lK)St-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

jx)st-boro' 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

I>08t  boro' 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

towDship 


County. 


Clare 

Kanabec 

Triiverse 

Cass 

Chippewa 

Big  Stone 

Potter 

Pierce 

Grand  Forks... 

Baraga 

Osage 

Gallatin 

Monroe 

Barry 

Clark 

Putnam 

Randolph 

Randolph 

Worth 

Worcester 

Bibb 

Middlesex 

Grant 

Grant 

Moore 

Rockingham... 
Shenandoah.... 

Hopkins 

Meade 

I'iikin 

Pitkin 

Clearfield 

Clay 

Miichell 

Buncombe 

Buncombe 

Franklin 

Windham 

Cattaraugus.... 
Fond  du  Lac. 

Iroquois 

Shelby 

Greene 

Franklin 

Butler 

Dodge 

Iroquois 

Iroquois 

Lincoln 

Clay 

Clay 

Lawrence 

Washington.... 

Cass 

<'ass 

Morgan 

Clark 

Riley 

Boyd 

Aroostook 

Middlesex....... 

Newaygo 

Dodge 

Benton 

Boone 

Boone 

Saunders 

Saunders 

Grafton 

Chemung 

Greene 

Ashland 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Clarion 

Schuylkill 

Hanover 

Hanover 

Ashland 

Ashland 

Cheatham.. 

Independence. 

Pulaski 

Washington.... 
Washington.... 

Gratiot 

Stearns 

Pike 

Pike 

Delaware 

Luzerne 

UiniM 

Coles 

Coles 

Rooks 

Ashtabula 


Population, 


1880.      1890. 


100 
857 


2,2.52 
373 


1,606 


914 


4^2 
7,324 
3,474 

684 
2,712 


.530 
093 
6,508 
2,010 
l,Ot)0 
1,041 
1,813 
2,038 
1,612 
1,574 
500 


597 

1,309 

1,847 

2-15 

155 

2,178 

3l<7 

220 


609 
10,71 


250 

3,280 

606 

2,394 

1,340 

6S9 

174 

371 

250 

1,118 

978 

960 

1,149 

899 

3,004 

1,391 

842 

1,0!)4 

6,052 

5,494 

704 

951 


170 

948 

1,193 


950 


247 

1,425 
407 
483 

2,799 
79 

2,245 
4ii3 
485 

5,522 

51 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


VuM  of  piM*  aad 


AahtabuU,  0~.~.... 

Asbtoii,  Ili.„ 

Adiloii,  Ill._ 

AtlilKii,  Iuwa„ 

Aslitoii,  luvta. 

Adiluii,  Nvb..- 

Aaliton,  8.1> 

Aah  Vallev,  KaiL.^. 

Athville,  Ala. 

Aahville,  ().„ 

Adivillc,  1^.  „ 

AabwmuUviKiD,  WU., 

Aakew,  Ga..„ 

AtkiiiHglmniute,  Ala«.« 

Asutiii,  Wash...... 

Aaotiii,  Wa»b..„_ 

Atpto.  CoL- „ 

Aip«nnout,  Tex...„ 

AapiDwall,  N'eb. 

AaaarU,  Kan.- 

AMumptJuu,  III 

AasuDiption,  III 

Aujria,  Mich..„ 

Aataliulit,  Kla.„ 

Anton,  I^iu 

Astor,  Fla.... 

Astoria,  III. 

Astoria,  III.. 

Astoria,  Ore 

Astoria,  Ore.... 

AHyliini,  Pa 

AtchaluKiimute,  Alas... 

Atelier,  Ky 

Atcliioon,  Kan... 

Atchison,  Mu. 

Atchison,  Mo 

Atglen,  Pa.. 

AthaliH,  0 

Alhelslune,  Kan 

Athena,  Ure 

Athens,  Ala. 

Athens,  Ala. 

Athens,  Ga. 

Athens,  Ga 

Athens,  111 ;... 

Atlieng,  Iowa. 

Athens,  Kan 

Atliens,  Ky 

Athens,  Ky 

Athens,  Ble 

Atliens,  Mich 

Athens,  Mich 

Athenif,  Minn 

Athens,  Mo 

Athens,  N.y 

Athens,  N.Y 

Athens,  O 

Athens,  0... 

Athens,  0 

Athens,  Pa. 

Athens,  Pa. 

Athens,  Pa 

Athens,  Tenn 

Athens,  Tex. 

Athens,  Vt. 

Athensville,  111 

Atherton,  Mich 

Atlierton,  Minn.. 

Atbol,  Mass. 

Athol,  S.D 

Atka,  Alaska. 

Atkins,  Ala. 

Atkins,  Ark „.. 

Atkinson,  Ala. 

Atkinson,  111.. 

Atkinwn,  III. 

Atkiiwon,  Me- 

Atkinson,  Md 

Atkinson,  Neb 

Atkinson,N.U 

Atlanta,  Ga 

AtUnta,  Idaho 

Atlanta,  III 

Atlanta,  III 

Atlanta,  Kau_... ........ 

Atlanta,  Blinn... 

Atlanta,  Neb 

Atlanla,  Tex...._ 

Atlantic,  Iowa... 

Atlantic,  Iowa... 

Atlantic,  N  J 

Atlantic,  N.C , 

Atlantic,  Va ; 

Atlantic  City,  N J 

Atlantic      Uighlanda, 

Mj ....:. 


BMkor 
iriaca. 


62 


port-Till 

township 

post-Till 

towiwbip 

puat-towu 

puM-twp 

poar-TlH 

pust-twp 

puat-prect 

post-vill 

pusl-lioro' 

lowiisliip 

uiil.-Uist 

village 

precinct 

poat-vill 

poat-tuwn 

poflt-tuwn 

post-prect 

poet-vill 

lowusliip 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

poet-prect 

townsliip 

pust-vill 

precinct 

city 

post-twp 

hamlet 

niag.-dist 

city 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

(wst-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-disl 

city 

post-town 

townsliip 

post-twp 

IIIUg.-lliHt 

post-vill 

po&t-town 

townsliip 

poet-vill 

po6t-twp 

township 

town 

post-Till 

township 

post-vill 

township 

townsliip 

post-boro' 

township 

post-vill 

post-tow  n 

poet-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

Tillage 

precinct 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

district 

post-Till 

post-town 

city 

post-prect 

township 

city 

township 

township 

precinct 

poet-town 

township 

post-Till 

township 

township 

inag.-dist 

city 


OouDty. 


AabtabaU... 
U«. 


MoDona..... 

OtKcola 

SiMnnan .... 

Spink 

Pawnee.  ... 
Saint  Clair.. 
Pickaway... 

Cambria 

Brown 

Morgan 


Asotin 

Asotin 

Pitkin 

Stonewall., 
Nemaha.... 

Saline 

Christian... 
Christian.. 

Barry 

Lake 

Delaware.. 

Lake 

Fulton 

Fulton 

Clatsop 

Clatsop 

Bradford .. 


Uardiu 

Atchison ... 

Clinton 

Nwlaway... 

Chester 

Lawrence.. 

Clay  

Umatilla... 
Limestone.. 
Limestone.. 

Clarke 

Clarke 

Menard 

Ringgold... 

Je»ell 

Fayette 

Fayette 

Somerset... 

Calhoun 

Callioun 

Isanti 

Gentry 

Greene 

Greene , 

Athens 

Athens 

iJurrison..., 
Bradford.... 

Bradford 

Crawford... 
McMiun.... 
Henderson. 
Windham... 

Greene 

Oscoda...... 

Wilkin 

Worcester... 
Spink 


Henry 

Pope. 

Barbour 

Henry 

Henry 

Piscataquis.... 

Worcester 

Holt 

Itockingham.. 

Fulton , 

£lmore 

Logan 

Logan 

Rice 

Becker , 

Saline 

Cass 

Caas 

Oasg. , 

Monmouth... 

Currituck 

Accomack 

Atlantic 


Population. 


1880.      180O. 


4,44A 

1,U(M 
646 
276 


township    Monnouth., 


1,443 


404 
632 


Tib 

66 

1,758 

706 
1,244 


2,401 


2,66-^ 
1,280 
3,981 
2,803 
1,247 


1,000 

15,106 

1,407 

1,389 

347 

251 

4(i0 


1,011 

7,463 

6,099 

410 

834 

746 

2,646 


1,310 
1,646 
697 
46 
3,045 
3,0tJ5 
2,106 
4,617 
2,467 
1,221 
2,402 

1,419 

1,100 

3U8 

284 


95 
4,307 


619 

1,005 

1,42:J 

604 

828 

1,620 


502 
37,409 


1,93: 

1,368 

1,335 

241 

654 

.S96 

4,544 

3,662 

1,743 

3;i2 

4,974 

6,477 


8,838 
1,031 

680 

813 

309 

646 

369 

180 

2,017 

430 

289 

479 

664 

138 

035 

200 

6,108 

206 

8:i6 

180 

2,096 

1,076 

1,074 

56 

2,454 

119 

2,560 

],:»7 

7,127 

6,184 

1,043 

39 

063 

13,963 

1,140 

1,601 

397 

199 

613 

496 

3,099 

940 

9,334 

8,039 

944 

1,041 

601 

2,667 

173 

1,072 

1,469 

441 

421 

3,384 

2,876 

2,024 

5,016 

2,620 

1,195 

4,748 

3,274 

1,ZU 

2,224 

1,035 

205 

1,425 

99 

210 

6,319 

251 

132 

804 

660 

1,228 

1,187 

634 

605 

1,309 

701 

483 

65,.W3 

»6 

1,698 

1,178 

679 

345 

818 

1,764 

4,351 

4,;«l 

1,505 

504 

6,904 

13,066 

946 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


AtlMS,  III 

Atlas,  Mich 

Atiiik,  Alaska 

Atiisco,  N.M 

AtUlla,  Ala. 

Atlalla,  Ala.... 

Attapulgus,  Ga.. 

Attica,  Ind.._ 

Attica,  Kan.... 

Attica,  Kan 

Attica,  Mich... 

Attica,  O 

Attica,  N.Tf , 

Attica,  N.y 

A  ttleltorougli ,  Mass... . 

Attn,  Alaska... 

Atwater,  Minn 

Atwater,  O 

Atwell,  N.C 

Atwood,  III 

Atwood,  HI 

Atwood,  Kan 

Atwood,  Kan 

Atwood,  Pa 

Aubbeenaubbee,  lud., 

Aubrey,  Kan 

Auburn,  Ala. 

Auburn,  Ala... 

Auburn,  Ark 

Auburn,  Cal 

Auburn,  111 „ 

Auburn,  III 

Auburn,  111 

Auburn,  Ind. 

Auburn,  Iowa. 

Auburn,  Iowa 

Auburn,  Kan 

Auburn,  Ky... 

Auburn,  Me 

Auburn,  Ma.sg 

Auburn,  Neb 

Auburn,  N.H 

Auburn,  N.Y 

Auburn,  O.. 

Auburn,  0..... 

Auburn,  0 

Auburn,  Ore 

Auburn,  Ore 

Auburn,  Pa 

Auburn,  Pa 

Auliurn,  S.D 

Auburn,  Va 

Auburn,  Wis 

Auburn,  Wis 

Auburndale,  0 

Auburndale,  Wis 

Auburndale,  Wis 

Aucilla,  Fla 

Auclote,  Fla 

Audubon,  111 

Audubon,  Iowa. 

Audubon,  Iowa 

Audubon,  Ky. 

Audubon,  Minn 

Audul>on,  Minn 

Auglaize,  Mo 

Auglaize,  Ho 

Auglaize,  Mo 

Auglai/.e,  0 

Auglaize,  0 

An  Gres,  Mich 

Augsburg,  Minn 

Augusta,  Ark 

Augusta,  Ark 

Augusta,  Ga 

Augusta,  111 

Augusta,  III 

Augusta,  Iowa 

Augusta,  Kan 

Augusta,  Kan 

Augusta,  Ky 

Augusta,  Ky 

Augusta,  Me 

Augusta,  Mich 

Augusta,  Mich 

Augusta,  Minn 

Augusta,  Mies 

Augusta,  Mo 

Augusta,  Mont 

Augusta,  N.Y 

Augusta,  0 

Augusta,  Wis 

Augustine,  Kan 

Auk,  Alas 

Aulander,  N.C 

Auraria,  Ga 


Rank  of 
place. 


post'twp 

|X>8t-tWp 

hamlet 

precinct 

precinct 

liost-Till 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-Till 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

village 

post-Till 

post-twp 

township 

Tillage 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

|)08t-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post'twp 

Ix)8t-town 

city 

post-town 

city 

post-town 

city 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

l)08t-boro' 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-Till 

township 

post-Till 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

city 

mag.-dist 

city 

city 

post-Till 

township 

township 

beat 

post-Till 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

city 

township 

Tillage 

post-town 

mil.-dist 


County. 


Pike 

Genesee.. 


Bernalillo.. 

Ktowah 

Etowah 

Decatur 

{■Vuntain... 

Har|)er 

Sedgwick... 

Lajieer 

Seneca 

Wyoming.. 
Wyoming.. 
Bristol 


PopuUtlon, 


Kandiyohi 

Portage 

Itowan 

Douglas 

Piatt 

Rawlins 

llawllns 

Armstrong 

Fulton 

Johnson 

Lee 

Lee 

Lincoln 

Placer 

Clark 

Sangamon 

Sangamon 

DeKalb 

Fayette. 

Sac 

Shawnee 

Logan 

Androscoggin... 

Worcester 

Nemaha 

Rockingham... 

Caynga 

Crawford 

Geauga 

Tuscarawas 

Baker 

Columbia 

Schuylkill 

Susquehanna.... 

Campbell 

Montgomery.... 

Chippewa 

Fond  du  Lac... 

Lucas 

Woo<l 

Wood 

JeHerson 

Pasco 

Montgomery.... 

Audulion 

Audubon 

Henderson 

Becker 

Becker 

Camden 

Ijaclede 

Miller 

Allen 

Paulding 

Arenac 

Marshall 

Woodruff 

Woodiuff 

Richmond 

Hancock 

Hancock 

Des  Moines..... 

Butler 

Butler. 

Bracken 

Bracken 

Kennebec 

Kalamazoo 

Washtenaw 

Lac-qui-Parle... 

Perry 

Saint  Charles... 
Lewis  &  Clarke 

Uneida 

Carroll 

E^n  Claire. 

Logan 


Bertie 

Lumpkin.. 


2,043 
1,346 


1,(J8I 

.361 

1,189 

2,160 


6.'i2 

449 

603 

3,099 

1,935 

11,111 


.102 

1,147 

2,641 

212 

212 


149 

871 
1,216 
2,9.^.1 
1,161 
1,704 
1,229 

608 
2, 

788 
1,642 
],2u4 


844 
68;^ 

9,6. 

1,317 


719 

21,9:^4 

1,179 

780 
1,40(1 

202 

740 
2,089 


3,547 
1,2:52 
1,651 


1,413 

732 
792 


410 
91 

1,776 
1,001 
1,.588 
1,749 
1,0(!9 
316 


2,620 

702 

21,891 

1,893 

1,015 

664 

1,588 

922 

3,517 

1,282 

8,665 


1,640 

83 

886 

318 


2,171 
1,126 
1,116 


1,014 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Aurelia,  Iowa 

Aurelius,  Mich 

Aurelius,  N.Y 

Aiireliug,  0 

Aurora,  111 

Aurora,  III 

Aurora,  Iiid 

Aurora,  Kan 

Aurora,  Me 

Aurora,  Minn 

Aurora,  Mo 

Aurora,  Mo 

Aurora,  Neb 

Aurora,  Neb 

Aurora,  Nev 

Aurora,  N.Y 

Aurora,  N.Y 

Aurora,  N.C 

Aurora,  0 

Aurora,  Ore - 

Aurora,  S.D 

Aurora,  S.D 

Aurora,  Tex 

Aurora,  Wi8 

Aurora  Springs,  Mo 

Au  Sable,  111 

Au  Sable,  Mich 

Au  Sable,  Mich 

Au  Sable,  N.Y 

An  Sable  Forks,  N.Y.... 

AusJal,  Minn 

Austell,  Ga 

Austell,  Ga 

Austen,  W.  Va 

Austerlitz,  N.Y 

Austin,  Ga 

Austin,  III 

Austin,  111 

Austin,  Mich 

Austin,  Mich 

Austin,  Minn 

Austin,  Minn 

Austin,  Mo 

Austin,  Mo 

Austin,  Nev 

AuBlin,  Ore 

Austin,  Pa 

Austin,  S.C 

Austin,  Tex 

Austinburg,  0 

Austintown,  0 

Autaugaville,  Ala 

Au  Train,  Mich 

AuxvHSse,  Mo 

Ava,  III 

Ava,  Mo 

Ava,  N.Y 

Avalon,  Mo 

Avena,  111 

Avendale,  Col 

Avenue,  Pa 

Averasborough,  N.C 

Averill,  Vt 

Avery,  Ala 

Avery,  Iowa 

Avery,  Iowa 

Avery  Island,  La 

Avery's  Creek,  N.C 

Avilla.  Ind „ 

Avilla,  Kan 

Avilla,  Kan 

Aviston,  III 

Avnuligmute,  Alas 

Avoca,  III 

Avoca,  Minn 

Avoca,  Neb. 

Avoca,  Neb 

Avoca,  N.Y 

Avoca,  N.Y 

Avoca,  Pa 

Avoca,  Wis 

Avon,  Conn 

Avon,  III 

Avon,  III 

Avon,  Kan 

Avon,  Kan , 

Avon,  Me 

Avon,  Mass 

Avon,  Mich 

Avon,  Minn 

Avon,  N.Y 

Avon,  N.Y 

Avon,  N.C 

Avon,  N.D , 

Avon,  O 

Avon,  Wis , 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-town 

Iiost-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

city 

city 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

city 

precinct 

city 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-tmvn 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

city 

pust-prect 

post-boro' 

township 

city 

post-twp 

po.-it-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

township 

ward 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

hamlet 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

tX)St-vill 

post-town 

IHJSt-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 


County. 


Cherokee 

Ingham 

Cayuga 

Washington., 

Kane 

Kane 

Dearborn 

Cloud 

Hancock 

Steele 

Lawrence 

Lawrence 

Hamilton 

Hamilton 

Ksmeralda.... 

Cayuga 

Erie 

Beaufort 

Portage 

Marion 

Aurora 

Brookings 

Wise 

Waushaiu 

Miller 

Gmndy 

Iosco 

Iosco 

Clinton 

Essex 

Otter  Tail 

Cobb 

Cobb 

Preston 

Columbia 

Greene 

Cook 

Macon 

Mecosta 

Sanilac 

Mower 

Mower 

Cuss 

Cass 

Lander 

Grant 

Polter 

Greenville.... 

Travis 

Ashtabula 

Mahoning 

Autauga 

Alger 

Callaway 

.lackson 

Douglas 

Oneida 

Livingston... 

Fayette 

Kit  Carson... 
.\lleghany. ... 

Harnett 

Essex 

Bibb 

Hancock 

Humboldt 

Iberia 

Buncombe..., 

Noble 

Comanche.... 
Comanche.... 
Clinton 


Livingston.. 

Murray 

Cass 


Steuben 

Steuben 

Luzerne 

Iowa 

Hartford 

Fulton 

Lake 

Coffey 

Sumner 

Franklin 

Norfolk 

Oakland 

Stearns , 

Livingston 

Livingston 

I'are 

Grand  Forks.. 

Lorain 

Kock 


Population. 


225 

1,478 

1,964 

999 

1.3,960 

11,873 

4,4:« 

647 

212 

600 

1,181 


1,232 


341 
444 

2,723 

81 

666 

291 


1,081 


1,019 

22 

1,328 

2,980 

632 

464 


1,341 

898 

1,359 

044 

687 

691 

657 

2..305 

1,414 

214 

1,679 


2,294 
11,013 
1,208 
2.502 


2,098 
365 
1.34 

1,039 
256 

1,419 


415 

1,244 

48 

1,538 

378 

235 


787 
446 


871 
l:{5 
572 


1,843 
547 

1,913 
.362 

1,057 
689 

1,016 
488 
324 
671 


2,275 

468 

3,469 

1,017 


2,ft67 
815 


663 

1,489 

1,793 

1,394 

22,259- 

19,688 

3,929 

82-". 

175 

754 

5,075 

3,482 

2,584 

1,862 

225 

655 

3,266 

251 

619 

352 

117 

523 

372 

934 

421 

869 

170 

4,328 

2,532 

767 

787 

894 

682 

269 

1,142 

1,076 

4,051 

733 

695 

1,015 

770 

3,901 

1,396 

130 

1,215 

28 

1,679 

2,,557 

14,575 

1,073 

1,668 

2,025 

284 

1,903 

807 

221 

860 

444 

1,4.'8 

114 

1,453 

2,154 

43 

1,580 

627 

528 

3:W 

T.iO 

576 

300 

34 

381 

30 

876 

170 

892 

166 

2,242 

953 

3,031 

278 

1,182 

692 

1,081 

745 

454 

439 

1,3>'4 

1,946 

644 

3,179 

1,6.^3 

35:i 

330 

1,769 

806 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Avondale,  Ala. 

Avondale,  0 

Avon  Park,  Fla 

Avon  Springs,  S.D 

Axtell,  Kan 

Axtell,  Neb 

Ayaktalik,  Alas 

Ayer,  Mass 

Ayers,  III 

Ayr,  Neb 

Ayr,  Neb 

Ayr,  N.D 

Ayr,  Pa 

Aziavigamute,  Alas 

Aztalan,  Wis 

Aztec,  N.M 

Azusa,  Cal 

Babylon,  N.Y 

Bachelor,  Kan 

Back  Creek,  N.C 

Back  Creek,  Va 

Back  Swamp,  N.C 

Back  Swamp,  S.C 

Back  Swamp,  S.C 

Bacon,  Mo 

Bacon,  Va 

Bacon  Level,  Ala 

Bad  Axe,  Mich 

Bad  Creek,  Ky 

Baden,  Pa 

Badger,  Iowa 

Badger,  Minn 

Badger,  Mo , 

Badger,  S.D 

Badger,  S.D 

Badito,Col , 

Bado  de  J  uan  Pais,  N.M 

Badus,  S.U 

Bagdad,  Fla 

Bagley,  Mich 

Baico,  Fla 

Bailey,  Ga 

Bailey,  N.C 

Bailey's  Harbor,  Wis... 

Bailey's  Mills,  Ga 

Baileysville,  W.Va 

Baileyton,  Ala 

Bailey  ville,  111 

Baileyville,  Me 

Bain,  Ark 

Bainbridge,  Ga 

Bainbridgc,  Ga 

Bainbridge,  III 

Bainbiidge,  III 

Bainbridge,  Ind 

!  Bainbridge,  Ind 

Bainbridge,  Ky 

Bainbridge,  Mich 

Bainbridge,  N.Y 

Bainbridge,  NY 

Bainbridge,  0 

Bainbridgc,  Pa 

Baird,  Tex 

Baird  Mills,  Ala 

Bairdstown,  Ga 

Bairdstown,  0 

Bake  Oven,  Ore 

Baker,  Ark 

Baker,  Ark 

Baker,  Ind 

Baker,  Ind 

Baker,  Iowa 

Baker,  Iowa. 

Baker,  Iowa 

Baker,  Kan 

Baker,  Kan 

Baker,  Minn 

Baker,  Mo 

Baker,  Neb 

Baker,  Neb 

Baker,  S.D 

Baker,  S.D 

Baker,  Wash 

Baker  City,  Ore 

Baker  City,  Ore 

Bakersfleld,  Cal ~. 

Bakersfleld,  Vt 

Bakersville,  N.C 

Bakha.N.D 

Bala,  Kan 

Bald  Eagle,  Pa 

Baldorson,  Kan 

Bald  Hill,  111 

Bald  Hill,  N.D 

Bald  Knob,  Ark 

Bald  Knob,  Ky 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-town 

village 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

village 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

hamlet 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

poiit-town 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townshio 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

city 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 


County. 


Jefferson.. 
Hamilton.. 
De  Soto.... 

Potter 

Marshall... 
Kearney... 


Middlesex.... 
Champaign., 

Adams 

Adams 

Cass 

Fulton 


Jefferson 

San  Juan...  .. 
Los  Angeles.. 

Suffolk 

Greenwood... 

Randolph 

Frederick 

Robeson^ 

Darlington... 

Florence 

Vernon , 

Charlotte 

Randolph 

Huron 

Leslie 

Beaver 

Webster 

Polk 

Vernon 

Davison 

Kingsbury.... 

Huerfano 

San  Miguel... 

Lake 

Santa  Rosa... 

Otsego 

Levy 

Laurens 

Nash 

Door 

Camden 

Wyoming.;... 

Cullman 

Ogle 

Washington.. 

Garland 

Decatur 

Decatur 

Schuyler 

Williamson... 

Dubois 

Putnam 

Christian 

Berrien 

Chenango 

Chenango.... 

Geauga 

Lancaster 

Callahan 

Mobile 

Oglethorpe.... 

Wood 

Wasco 

Howard 

Lafayette 

Martin 

Mor^ian 

Guthrie 

O'Brien 

Osceola 

Crawford 

Gove 

Stevens 

Linn 

Lincoln 

York 

Davison 

Kingsbury..., 

Whatcom 

Baker 

Baker 

Kern 

Franklin 

Mitchell 

Kmmons 

Riley 

Clinton 

Marshall 

Jefferson 

Griggs 

White 

Franklin 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


2,552 


1,881 


1,123 
12S 


1,309 
1,332 


704 
4,739 


1,188 
2,184 
1,420 
1,587 


1,517 

4,053 

876 

190 


400 
629 


1,178 

1,124 

649 

819 


3,556 

1,436 

1,206 

795 

2,0;i9 

420 

2,3(12 

1,378 

1,924 

781 

683 

669 


400 
519 


1,092 

450 

459 

202 

67 

2,612 


123 
1,175 


1,258 

801 

1,248 

2,469 


681 
939 


874 

660 

2,230 

63 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1880  AND  1690  COMPARED. 


of  pUe*  Mid 
•teU. 


BaMMouotel«,M.C.. 

BaMwlB,  VU 

ltalilwlu.111 .~ 

Balilw  ill.  III 

Balilwin,  Iowa „ 

IIbMwIii,  Kau 

BaUtwiu,  M« 

Buliluin,  Mich 

UriLlwIu,  Mi.b 

IkiMwin,  Mlrh 

UnMmIii,  Minn. 

Baldwin,  N.Y „ 

Baldwin,  N.C 

Bal.lwin,  i>4 

Baldwin,  Wi« 

Baldwin,  Wia. _... 

Bi<iawiu*ville,  N.Y„... 

Balkum.  Ala 

Ball,  Ark...„ 

Ball,  III „ 

Ball,  Mich 

Ballard,  Wash 

BallardDriile,  Ky 

Ballcna.C'al 

Bull  KlHt,  Ala. 

Ball  Ground,  Ga. 

Ball  Uruund,  Gh 

Ball  (iruiuitt,  Ga......... 

Ball  Gruund,  Ga. 

Ballona,  Oal 

Ball  Play,  Ala 

BalUton,  N.Y 

BalUtou  S|>a,  N.Y 

Ballt<iwn,  Ky 

Ballville,  O _ 

Balaam  Lake,  Wis 

Biiltimorp,  Del 

Baltimure,  luwu 

Baltlmuru,  Md 

Baltimore,  Mich 

Baltimorp,  0 

Baltimore,  Vt 

Bamberi;,  S.(; , 

Baniberg,  S.C 

Bancruft,  Iowa. 

Itanrroft,  Ma 

Biiiitr.ift,  Blich 

Bancroft,  Minn 

Bancroft,  Mo 

Bancroft,  Neb , 

BMUcroft,  Neb 

Bandniia,  Ky 

Banilera,  Texas 

Bandon,  Minn , 

Bandon,  Ore „. 

Bandon,  Ore 

Bandy,  N.C 

Bangor,  Ala , 

Bangor,  Iowa „ 

Bangor,  Me , 

Bangor,  Mich 

Bangor,  Mich 

Bangor,  Mich _ 

Bangor.  Minn 

Bangor,  N.Y 

Bangor,  Pa, 

Bangor,  S.l) ^. 

Bangor,  Wia 

Bangor,  \Vi« 

Banister,  Va 

Banister,  Va „ 

Banks,  Iowa 

Banks.  Mich _ 

Banks,  Pa 

Banks,  Pa 

Banks,  W.  Va.._ 

Bunnack,  Mont 

Banner.  Ark 

Banner,  Cal „. 

Banner,  Idaho „.... 

BHUner,  III _ 

Banner,  III 

Banner,  Iowa _ 

Banner,  Kan 

Banner,  Kan _ 

Baiin>-r,  Kan 

Ilunner,  Kan _.„,. 

Banner,  Kan „...,. 

Banner,  Neb........ 

Banner,  M.D..* „ 

Banner,  S.D „. 

Banner,  S.D 

Banning,  Cal _„... 

Bannister,  Idaho 

Baraboo,  Wis 

B»r*bo.«,  Wis „„ 

64 


Rank  of 
placa. 


lowMhIp 

|MMt-|>r«ct 

prvclnct 

post-Till 

post-town 

pust-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-Till 

township 

township 

township 

township 

towiisliip 

post-Till 

INlSt-Till 

|>o8t-prect 

tOWIIHllIp 

township 

township 

post-town 

niiig.-dist 

post-prect 

po8t.|>n.-ct 

mil. -dint 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

|K)8t-prect 

townsliip 

post-vill 

mag.-dii4t 

township 

post-twp 

linnilred 

town^ihip 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

{)08t-town 

township 

IKist-vill 

post  vi II 

post-town 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

poet-preit 

post-town 

city 

township 

townsliip 

post-vill 

township 

poet-town 

post-1  K>ro' 

townsliip 

townsliip 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

preci  net 

township 

post-prect 

post-piect 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-prect 

township 

city 


County. 


Watauga...... 

Duval 

UantUdph 

Randolph...... 

Jackson 

IHinglas. 

Cumberland.. 

Delta. 

Iosco 

Uke 

Mhertmrns.  .. 
Cheniung.„... 

CImthiim 

Alleghany.... 

St.  Croix 

St.  Croix  

Onondaga..... 

Henry 

lienton 

SMngnnion.... 

Crawford 

King 

Oldham 

San  Diego 

Cherokee 

Cherokee 

Cherokee 

Gilmer 

Murray 

Los  Angeles.. 

Ktowali 

Sanittiga 

Snratogii 

Nelson 

San<lnskv 

Polk ■ 

Sussex 

Henry 


Barry 

KairHeld 

Windsor , 

Karnwell 

Barnwell 

Kossuth 

Aroostook 

Shiiiwassoe 

Kreeborn , 

Daviess 

Cuming , 

Cuming 

Ballard 

Bandera 

Kenville 

Coos 

Coos 

Catawba 

Blount 

Marshall 

Penobscot 

Bay 

Van  Buren 

Van  Buren 

Po]ie 

Fi-anklin 

Northampton.. 

Brookings 

Im  Crosse 

La  Crosse 

Halifax 

Pittsylvania..... 

Fayette 

Antrim 

Carlion 

Indiana. 

Upshur , 

Beaver  Head... 

Saline 

San  Diego 

lloisA 

KfHnghiim 

Kulton 

Woodbury. 

I)  ckinsoii 

ITarjier... 

Pratt 

Rush 

Uniith _ 

Banner 

I.a  Moure 

Beadle 

Hyde 

San  Bernardino 

Lemhi 

Sauk 

Sauk 


Pvpulattoo. 


1880.      1890. 


310 


1,601 
271 

32fi 
1,1:«3 

XttTi 

1,248 

ItV 

2AII 
1)68 

i,8«;« 

4,373 

1,228 

691 

2,121 


1.04!) 

1,045 

66 


692 


700 
1,170 
2,493 

417 
2,035 
3,01 1 
1,128 
1,652 

357 

4,132 

1,275 

$32,313 

l,:i68 

489 

71 

3,47'J 

648 


220 
387 
959 
97 


454 
91 


1,025 


757 
16,8.56 

271 
2,57i 
1,102 


2,440 
1,328 


1,196 
in.i 

4.262 

4,2.)3 
620 
611 

4,018 
910 

1,915 

'"335 


6.57 

1,276 

64 

6:^3 


1,328 
3,266 


STO 
425 

1,363 
208 
2^7 
0.35 
U32 
885 

2,485 
4-'9 
28.S 

2,068 

4,800 

1,796 

482 

3,040 

1,111 

654 

1,082 

95 

1,173 

680 

320 

925 

1,155 

296 

611 

035 

4,492 

541 

2,059 

3,527 

1,062 

1,670 

431 

3,913 

1,064 

434,4.19 

1,266 

506 

64 

3,881 

696 

657 

264 

642 

879 

101 

817 

344 

148 

372 

827 

488 

219 

1,177 

286 

619 

19,103 

745 

2,384 

904 

280 

2,44.1 

2,.'>o9 

213 

1,138 

499 

6,6<4 

4,245 

668 

802 

4,461 

1,485 

2,.'i77 

203 

436 

150 

117 

612 

96:} 

4.i9 

728 

629 

281 

243 

483 

285 

77 

181 

63 

201 

M 

1,386 

4,605 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Barada,  Neb....„......... 

Baraga,  Mich 

Barbecue,  N.C 

Barber,  Ark 

Barber,  Minn 

Barber  Creek,  Ga 

Barbour,  Va 

Barlionrsville,  Ky 

Barboursville,  Ky 

Barboursville.  W.  Va.. 

Barclay,  Iowa 

Barclay,  Kan 

Barclay,  Pa.. 

Barclay,  Pa 

Barco,  Fla , 

Bardolph,  111 

Bardstown,  Ky 

Bardstown,  Ky 

Bardstown,  Ky 

Bardwell,  Ky 

Bardwell,  Ky 

Barela,  Col 

Barelas,  N.M 

Baring,  Bto 

Baring,  Mo 

Bark  Camp,  Ga 

Bitrker,  Ark 

Barker,  Ga 

Barker,  Ga 

Barker,  N.Y 

Baiker,  W.  Va 

Barker  Creek,  N,C 

Barker  Mill,  Fla 

Barker  Mills,  Ky 

Barkei-  Ridge,  W.  Va.. 

Barkhamsted,  Conn 

Barkley,  lud 

Bark  River,  Mich 

Barlow,  Ky 

Barlow,  O 

Barn,  Ky 

Barnard,  Mo 

Barnard,  Vt 

Barnes,  Ark 

Barnes,  Iowa 

Barnes,  Kan 

Barnes,  N.D 

Barnes,  Wash 

Barnes  Creek,  La, 

Barnes"  Cross  R'da,Ala. 

Barnesville,  Ga 

Barnesville.  Ga 

Barnesvjlle,  Md 

Barnesville,  Minn 

Barnesville,  Minn 

Barnesville,  0 

Barnct,  Vt 

Barnett,  Ga 

Barnett,  III 

Barnett,  Pa. 

Barnett,  Pa 

Barnett's  Creek,  Ky.... 

Barnhill,  III 

Bainhill,  o: 

Barnstable,  Mass 

Barnstnad,  N.  H 

Barnston,  Neb 

Barnum,  Minn 

Barnwell,  S.C 

Barnwell,  C.-II.,  S.C 

Barr,Col 

Burr,  III 

Barr,  Ind 

Barr,  Pa ~ 

Barraque,  Ark 

Barre,  Mass 

Bane,  N.Y 

Barre.  Vt 

Barre,  Vt 

Barre,  Wis 

Barree,  Pa 

Barren,  Ark 

Barren,  Ark 

Barren,  III 

Barren  Creek,  Ark 

Barren  Creek,  Md 

Barren  Fork,  Ark 

Barrett,  Ga 

Barrett,  Kan 

Barrett,  Mont 

Barrett,  Pa 

Barrett,  S.D 

Barrie,  N.D 

Barriens,  N.C 

Barringer,  N.C 

Barriugton,  III 


Bank  of 
placs. 


post-prect 

post  twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

mll.-diMt 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

townsliip 

|x>st-vill 

|io8t-prect 

J)08t-Vill 

district  (1) 

district  (9) 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-twp 

lK)st-t<iwn 

mil.  dist 

township 

mil.-d  St 

mil.-dist 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

township 

mag.  dist 

lK)8t-twp 

precinct 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

precinct 

ward 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

|l08t-<1i8t 

township 

city 

post-vill 

pist  town 

post-town 

townsliip 

townsliip 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

jKist-preit 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

district 

post  town 

mil.-dist 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Richardson 

Baraga 

Harnett 

Scott 

Faribault 

Clarke 

Orange 

Knox 

Knox 

Cabell 

Hawk 

Osage 

Biailford..- 

Bradford 

Levy 

McDonougli... 

NelHon 

Nelson 

Nelson 

Carlisle 

Carlisle 

I.A8  Aniuiai<.... 

Bernalillo 

Washington.... 

Knox 

Hall 

Crawford 

Floyd 

For-yth 

Broouic 

Barbour 

.Jackson 

Holmes 

Christian. 

Wvoming 

Litclifield 

Jasper 

Delta 

Ballard 

Washington.... 

Greenup 

Nodaway 

Windsor 

Woodrurt'. 

Biiena  Vista.... 
Washington.... 

Cass 

Whatcom 

Calcasieu 

Dale 

Pike 

Pike 

Montgomery  .. 

Clav 

ClaV 

Belmont 

Caledonia 

Warren 

De  Witt 

Forest 

.lefTerson 

■lohnson 

Wayne 

Tuscarawas 

Barnstable 

Belknap 

Gage 

Carlton 

Barnwell 

Barnwell 

Arapahoe 

Macoupin 

Dnvies.s 

Cambria 

.lefler.-iou 

Worcester 

Orleans 

Washington  ... 
Wiisliington.... 

I.a  Crosse 

Hiintin>;don,„ 
Independence. 

.lackson 

Franklin 

Baxter 

Wicomico 

Izard 

Dawson 

Thomas 

Beaver  Head... 

Monroe 

Ileaille 

Richland 

Burke 

Iredell 

Cook„ 


Populatioii. 


1,207 
4U0 
766 


649 

8.50 

2,195 

2,641 

2.',0 

1,641 

774 

609 

2,6.34 

1,143 


409 
2,07.' 
2,:t5;: 
1,803 


303 
"iiO 
2.516 


1,3:« 

2,601 

48.3 


696 
l,2f»7 
1.018 


2,361 

1,200 

1,053 

424 

1,191 

540 

315 


1,171 

912 

3,896 

1. 


2,4:« 

1,907 
79 

1,128 
016 
296 

1,-150 

3,403 


4,242 
1.290 


49 

2,300 

648 


1,1.S5 

3,129 

899 

601 

2,419 

2,325 

2,06(1 

1,025 

650 

1,0K5 

8(i5 

467 

746 

6tM) 

1,648 


500 


1,149 


1,2!H) 
1,693 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
Btate. 


Barrington,  III 

Barringtun,  III 

Barriiigtui),  N  H 

Barriiigtoti,  N.Y 

Barriiigtoii,  R.I 

Barrun,  Wis 

Burruii,  Wis 

Barrows,  Ua..,. 

Barry,  III 

Barry,  III 

Barry,  Alich 

Barry,  Pa 

Bai-siiess,  Minn 

Barstow,  Cal 

Bart,  Pa 

Bartholomew,  Ark 

Bartholomew,  Ark 

Bartlett,  III 

Bartlett,  Neb 

Jiaitlett,  N.H 

Bartlett,  N.D 

Bartlett,  Tex 

Bartlett  &  Stowe,  Minn. 
Bartlett  Bay,  Alaska.... 

Bartley,  Neb 

Bartley,N.I) 

Bartlow,  0 

Barton,  Ala 

Barton,  lud 

Barton,  Iowa 

Barton,  Md 

Barton,  Mich 

Barton.N.Y 

Barton,  N.U 

Barton, Vt 

Bart*n,  Vt 

Barton,  Wis „.. 

Barton  City,  Mo 

Barton  Creek,  N.C 

Barton  Cross  ll'Us,  Ala.. 

Barton  Laniling,  Yt 

Bartow,  Fla ... 

Bartow,  Ga 

Bartow,  Ga 

Basco,  III 

Basliaw,  Minn 

Bashaw,  Wis 

Bashi,  Ala 

Basil,  0 

Basin,  Mont 

Baskinville,  Pa 

Bassett,  Neb 

Bassettvi lie,  Kan 

Bassinger,  Fla 

Bass  Kiver,  N.J 

Bass  Station,  Ala 

Bassville,  Fla 

Bastress,  I'a 

Bastrop,  Tex 

Batavia,  III 

Batavia,  III 

Batavia,  Iowa 

Batavia,  Mich 

Batavia,  N.Y 

Batavia,  NY 

Batavia,  0 

Batavia,  U. 

Bates,  Ark 

Bates,  Col 

Bates,  Mich 

Bates,  S.C 

Bates,  S.D 

Batesburg,  S.C 

Batesville,  Ark 

Batesville,  Ga 

Batesville,  Ind 

Batesville,  Miss 

Batesville,  O 

Batesville,  Utah 

Bath,  111 

Bath,  III 

Bath,  Ind 

Bath,  Iowa 

Bath,  Me 

Bath,  Mich 

Bath,  Minn 

Bath,  N.U 

Bath,  N.Y 

Bath,  NY 

Bath,  N.C 

Bath,0 

Bath.O 

Bath,0 

Bath,  Pa 

Bath,  S.D 

Bath,  W.  Va 


Rank  of 

place. 


post-vill 

village 

post-town 

post-twp 

post  town 

township 

city 

niil.-dist 

township 

city 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

post  twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post  town 

post  twp 

post-town 

township 

hamlet 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

district 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post  vill 

post-twp 

towntihip 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-towu 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-piect 

post-vill 

post-prect 

village 

post-prect 

post  twp 

precinct 

township 

post  prect 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post  vill 

township 

post  viil 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

l)ost-towu 

post  vill 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post  twp 

post  twp 

[lOst-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

post  twp 

mag.dist 


County. 


Cook 

Lake 

Strafford 

Yates 

Bristol 

Barron 

Barron 

Jones 

Pike 

Pike 

Barry 

Schuylkill 

Pope 

San  Bernardino 

Lancaster 

Drew 

Lincoln 

Cook 

Wheeler 

Carroll 

Bamsey 

Williamson 

Todd 


Red  Willow 

Griggs 

Henry 

Colbert 

Gibson 

Worth 

Alleghany 

Newaygo 

Tioga 

Pierce 

Orleans 

(irleans 

Washington 

Barton 

Wake 

Walker 

Oi'leans 

Polk 

Jeflerson 

Jefferson 

Hancock 

Brown 

Washburn 

Clarke 

Fairfield 

Jefferson 

Perry 

Rock 

Decatnr 

Osceo  a 

Burlington 

Jackson 

Osceola 

Lycoming 

Bastrop 

Kane 

Kane 

Jefferson 

Branch 

Genesee 

Genesee 

Clermont 

Clermont 

Sebastian 

Arapahoe 

Iron 

Greenville 

Hand 

Lexington 

Independence... 

Habersham 

Ripley  

Panola 

Noble 

Tooele 

Mason 

Mason 

Franklin 

Cerro  Gordo 

Sagadahoc 

Clinton 

Freeborn 

Grafton 

Steiiben 

Steuben 

Beaufort 

Allen 

Greene 

Sinnmit 

Northampton... 

Blown 

Morgan 


Population. 


61u 

610 

1,4U7 

1,478 

17(1 

183 

()8U 

2,610 

1,392 

1,329 

1,041 

282 


1,381 


800 
176 


1,044 


1,064 
907 

1,956 
525 

1,937 
6.38 

5,825 


2,364 
742 

1,275 
604 

1,539 


378 

77 

2,492 

248 


295 


710 
287 


441 


1,006 


235 
l,54li 
3,318 
2,639 

328 
1,305 
7,516 
4,854 
3,787 
1,015 
1,09(1 


2,166 


280 

1,264 

682 


442 

369 

145 

1,541 

439 

751 

411 

7,874 

1,3,57 

919 

1,032 

7,396 

3,183 

2,768 

1,532 

2,59:! 

1,039 

698 


1,161 


848 

848 

1,408 

1,393 

1,461 

400 

829 

977 

2,322 

1,3.54 

1,221 

913 

369 

114 

1,292 

2,176 

1,155 

263 

206 

1,247 

208 

206 

670 

40 

220 

101 

2,270 

1,214 

2,007 

598 

2,242 

773 

6,120 

305 

2,217 

778 

1,169 

938 

1,643 

583 

482 

1,386 

2,842 

437 

327 

410 

394 

859 

406 

270 

514 

681 

256 

143 

853 

1,021 

617 

236 

1,634 

4,292 

3,543 

307 

1,210 

9,341 

7,221 

3,502 

953 

788 

80 

594 

2,344 

140 

528 

2,150 

734 

1,169 

705 

327 

117 

1,303 

384 

658 

516 

8,723 

1,224 

899 

935 

7,881 

3,261 

3,691 

1,448 

2,307 

990 

723 

486 

1,529 


Name  of  place  and 
statu. 


Bath  Beach,  N.Y' 

Bathgate.  N.D 

Bathgate,  N.I) 

Bath-on-the-Hudson, 

N.Y 

Batie,  Ark 

Batin,  Neb 

Baton  Rouge,  Ky 

Baton  Rouge,  La 

Baton  Rouge,  S.C 

Batson,  Ark 

Battelle,  W.  Va 

Battery  Rock,  111 

Battle,  Iowa 

Battle  Creek,  Iowa... 
Battle  Creek,  Kan.... 
Battle  Creek,  Mich..., 
Battle  Creek,  Mich... 

Battle  Creek,  Neb 

Battle  Creek,  Neb 

Battle  Ground,  Idaho... 

Battle  Ground,  Ind 

Battle  Hill,  Kan 

Battle  Mountain,  Nev. 

Battle  Plain,  Minn 

Battle  Run,  Ky 

Battles  Wharf.  Ala 

Battlctown,  Va 

Baughnian,  0 

Baugo,  Ind 

Baxley,  Ga 

Baxter,  Ark 

Baxter,  Minn 

Baxter  Springs,  Kan... 

Bay,  Ga 

Bay,  Mich 

Bay,  0 

Bay,  Ore 

Bayard,  Iowa 

Bayard,  Neb 

Bayborough,  N.C 

Bayborough,  S.C 

Bay  City,  Mich 

Bay  Creek,  Ga 

Bav  de  Noc,  Mich 

Bayfield,  Wis , 

Bayfield,  Wis 

Bay  Hill,  Ac,  Fla 

Bay  Horse,  Idaho 

Bay  Hundred,  Md 

Baylis,  III 

Bayliss,  Ark 

Bay  Minette,  Ala 

Bayonne,  N.J 

Bayoii,  Ark 

Bayou,  Ark 

Bayou,  Mo , 

Bayou  Goula,  La 

Bayou  I.abatre,  Ala 

Bayou  Maco,  Ark 

Bayou  Metoe,  Ark 

Bayou  Metoe,  Ark 

Bayon  San  M  iguel.  La. 

Bayou  Sara,  La 

Bavou  Scie,  La 

Bay  Ridge,  N.Y 

Bay  Saint  Louis,  Miss. 
Bay  Saint  Louis,  Miss., 

Bay  Shore,  NY 

Baytown,  Minn 

Bay  View,  Wis 

Bazaar,  Kan 

Bazetta,  0 

Bazille,  Neb , 

Bazine,  Kan 

Beach  Grove,  Ala 

Beacon,  Iowa 

Beacon  Falls,  Conn  

Beale,  Pa  

Beallsville,  0 

Beallsville,  Pa 

Beaman,  Iowa 

Bean  Blossom,  Ind 

Bear,  Ark 

Bear  Creek,  Ala 

Bear  Creek,  Ala 

Bear  Creek,  Ark 

Bear  Creek,  Ark , 

Bear  Creek,  Ark 

Bear  Creek,  Ark , 

Bear  Creek,  Idaho , 

Bear  Creek,  111 

Bear  Creek,  111 

Bear  Creek,  111 

Bear  Creek,  Ind 

Bear  Creek,  Iowa 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

township 

post-town 

village 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

city 

post-twp 

post-twp 

niMg.-dist 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

piisttown 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

miig.'dist 

township 

township 

post  town 

township 

township 

city 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

post  prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

city 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

city 

po>t-prcct 

post-prect 

district 

post-vill 

tijwnship 

post  prect 

c;ty 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

town.'ihip 

post-twp 

township 

ward 

post-town 

post-ward 

post-vill 

l)eat 

city 

post-vill 

township 

village 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-jirect 

post-town 

post  town 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

ptist-town 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Kings 

Pembina . 
Pembina . 


Rensselaer . 

Benton 

Webster 

Mercer 

K.  Baton  Rouge 

Chester 

Johnson 

Monongalia 

Hardin 

Ida 

Ida 

Lincoln 

Calhoun 

Calhoun 

Madison 

Madison 

Custer 

Tippecanoe 

McPherson 

Lander 

Rock 

Fleming 

Baldwin 

Clarke  

Wavne 

Elkhart 

Appling 

Garland 

Lac-qui-Parle... 

Cherokee 

Bulloch 

Charievoix 

Ottawa  

Tillamook 

Guthrie 

Cheyenne 

Pamlico 

Horry 

Bay 

Gwinnett 

Delta 

Bayfield 

Bayfield 

Sumter. » 

Cnster 

Tall)ot 

Pike 

Pope 

Baldwin 

Hudson 

Ashley 

Baxter 

Ozark 

Iberville  ......... 

Mobile 

Chicot 

Arkansas 

Pulaski 

Sabine  

West  Feliciana. 

Sabine 

Kings 

Hancock 

Hancock 

Suffolk 

Washington 

Door 

Chase 

Trumbull 

Antelope 

Ness 

Walker 

Mahaska 

New  Haven 

Juniata 

Monroe 

Washington 

Grundy 

Monroe 

Montgomery.... 

Franklin 

Shelby 

Boone 

Lee 

Searcy 

Sevier 

Latah 

Christian 

Gallatin 

Hancock 

.lay 

Powecihiek 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


2,046 

1,114 

270 

6e9 

7,197 

3,659 

167 

2,293 

642 

148 

205 

459 

1,0.M 

7,063 


123 


2,629 
2,473 
70h 
IK 
197 
483 
1,177 


1,270 

20,693 

1,271 


4.33 
897 


452 

70s 

••  463 

1,161 

1,064 

710 

£40 


2,435 
1,978 
1,615 
1,252 


1,006 
1,400 


731 


727 
379 

1,13(1 
391 
370 
201 

1,317 


813 
688 
259 
1792 
409 

'i",39<'l 
1,384 
1,I8S 
1.6,37 
1,984 

66 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Mun«  of  pikce  and 
■tMto. 


BMW  Crtek,  Kaa.~~». 
Bmit  CrMk.  Kv>.....^ 

BMr  Crvak.  Midi. 

BMr  Crwpk,  Mu. 

Bt*r  OrMk,  Mu.....»~ 

B«M- CMck.  N.a 

BMr  OMk,  N.D.-. 

BwrOMk,  ND.» 

Bmt  Craek,  Ure.......^ 

Bf«r  CrMk.  Ore 

Bmt  OMk,  VtL 

Bmt  CrMk,  Wiub 

BMr  CrMk,  Wi( 

BMrCrpek.  WU. 

BMrd,  AU 

BMUtlen,  Ark ■ 

BMnUiown,  III 

BMrteld,  0 

BMrgTM*,  N  C 

BMr  GroTe,  III 

BMr  Grove,  Iowa. 

Bear  Grove,  Iowa.. ...... 

Bearhouie,  Ark >.. 

BearhouM,  Ark 

BMr  Lake,  Mich 

Bear  Lake,  Mich , 

Bear  Ijtke,  Mich 

Bear  Lake,  Pa. 

Bear  I'urk,  >lliin 

Bear  Kiver,  Utah 

Bear  Kiver  City,  Utah. 

Bear  Valley,  Cal 

Bear  Valley,  Ore. ........ 

Bear  Wallow,  Ark 

Beaaley  Store,  Teiin„... 

Beaiions,  Ala 

Beatrice,  Neb 

Beatrice,  Neb 

Seattle,  Kan , 

BMttyville,  Ky 

Beaucephalia,  N.D 

Beaucoiip,  III 

Beaiu-oup,  III 

Beaiiooap,  III 

Beauford,  Minn 

Beaufort,  N.C 

Beaufort,  N.C 

Beaufort,  8.C„ 

Beaufort,  8.C 

Beauprand,  Mich 

Beaiilieu,  N.O 

Beiiuniont,  Cal 

Beaumont,  Kan 

Beaumont.  Tex 

Beauvaig,  Mo...„ 

Beaver,  Ark 

Beaver,  Ark 

Beaver,  Col , 

BMver,  III 

Beaver,  lud 

Beaver,  Ind 

Beaver,  Iowa. 

Beaver,  Iowa. 

Beaver,  Iowa 

Beaver,  Iowa 

Beaver,  Iowa 

Beaver,  Iowa 

Beaver,  Iowa 

Beaver,  Kan 

Beaver,  Kan 

Beaver,  Kiiu 

Beaver,  Kan 

Bearer,  Kan 

Beaver,  Kan 

Beaver,  Kan 

Beaver,  Kan 

Beaver,  Kan 

Beaver,  Kan „... 

Beaver,  Kao 

Beaver,  Ky 

Beaver,  Mich 

Beaver,  Mich 

Beaver,  Blinn 

Beaver,  Mo 

Beaver,  Neb „ 

Beaver,  Neb..„ 

Beaver,  Keb„ 

BMver,  Neb 

Beaver,  Neb.._ 

BMver,  Neb_. 

Beaver,  Neb.._ 

BMver,  Neb.„ 

Beaver,  0 > , 

BMver,  0.„..... , 

BMVer,  O .., 

BMTer,  Or* , 

66 


Rank  of 
place. 


lOWMhIp 

maK'-<l'*t 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

|MWt-twp 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

townsliip 

civil-dist 

precinct 

township 

city 

post-vill 

post-prect 

townsliip 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

|M)8t-tWp 

townsliip 

post-vill 

township 

poBt-vill 

township 

township 

jK)st-prect 

p<)8t-viil 

city 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

townsliip 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

town!>hip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townnhip 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 


Ooantjr. 


HMnllton 

Lawrence 

Kniniet. 

Henry 

Montgomery. 

Chatham 

l>ivkey.~ 

Itanaom 

Clataop. 

Crook 

LuEerne 

Snohomish.... 

Sauk 

Wnupaca 

Pickens 

Marion 

CaSB. , 

Perry 

Martin 

Fayette 

Cass 

Guthrie 

Ashley 

Drew 

Charlevoix.... 

Manistee , 

Manistee.^..... 

Warren 

Norman 

Box  Elder 

Box  Elder 

San  Bernardino 

Grant 

Logan 

Trousdale.... 
Saint  Clair.. 

Gage 

Gage 

Marshall 

Lee 

Foster 

Perry 

Wasliingtou 
Washington. 
Blue  Earth.. 

Caiteret 

Carteret 

Beaufort 

Beaufort 

Cheyboygan, 

Pembina 

San  Bernardino 

Butler 

Jeflerson 

Ste  Genevieve. 

Saline 

Searcy 

Garfield 

Iroquois 

Newton 

Pulaski 

Boone 

Butler 

Dallas.^ 

Grundy 

Guthrie ... 

Humboldt 

Polk.._ 

Barton 

Cheyenne 

Cowley 

Decatur 

Lincoln 

Phillips 

Rawlins 

Republic.^ 

Scott 

.Smith , 

Wichita 

Menifee 

Bay „. 

Newaygo 

Fillmore 

Taney 

Boone 

Buffaln 

Hamilton......^ 

Nance 

Nuckolls 

Red  Willow..., 

Sheridan..„ 

York , 

Mahoning........ 

Noble 

Pike 

Crook. 


Popolation. 


1880.      1890, 


010 
2,7«3 

817 
2,811 
1,G47 


159 

""808 
984 
620 
35U 

3,135 
997 
756 

1,180 
744 
688 
777 
590 
386 
777 
2:J6 

154 


340 
340 


799 


3,380 

2,447 

270 


598 
2,981 
2,009 
7,85»2 
2,549 

694 


1,722 
284 
251 


1,722 
898 
600 
640 
976 
756 
719 

1,300 
471 

1,372 
423 


718 
349 
472 


1,302 


29:i 
361 
197 
607 
893 
603 


726 


642 
417 


2,150 

1,829 

760 


142 
1,165 

4,025 
773 

2,643 

1,964 
196 
276 
170 
139 
343 
114 
883 

1,136 
722 
466 

4,226 
986 
764 

1,128 
770 
770 
948 
737 
190 

1,287 

432 

313 

531 

321 

321 

39 

188 

382 

828 

410 

13,836 

13,8,36 

648 

1,616 
44 
949 
934 
48 
725 

2,845 

2,007 

8,942 

3,587 
3.32 
738 
403 
157 

3,296 

1,760 
449 
387 
184 

1,500 

1,062 
818 
615 

1,074 
775 
805 

l,:i5i 
711 

1,236 
350 
351 
782 
201 
293 
414 
246 
640 
216 
429 
229 
413 
879 
409 
666 

1,4.67 
793 
385 
9:« 
3,60 

2,161 
492 
184 
848 

2,001 

1,085 
802 
110 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Be»Ter,  Ore 

Beaver,  Pa 

Beaver,  Pa. 

Beaver,  Pa 

Beaver,  Pa 

Beaver,  Pa «... 

Beaver,  Pa. „ 

Beaver,  8  D 

Beaver,  Utah 

Heaver,  W.Va 

Beaver,  Wia 

Beiiver,  Wis 

Beaver  Bay,  Minn 

Beuver  Cave,  Idaho 

B«(avcr  City,  Neb 

Beaver  City,  Neb 

Beaver  Creek,  Col 

Beaver  Creek,  111 

Beaver  Creek,  Md 

Beaver  Creek,  Mich 

Beaver  Creek,  Minn 

Beaver  Creek,  Minn 

Beaver  Creek,  Mont 

Beaver  Creek,  Neb 

Beaver  Creek,  N.C 

Beaver  Creek,  N.C 

Beaver  Creek, 0 

Beaver  Creek,  Ore 

Beaver  Dam,  Ga 

Beaver  Dam,  Ky 

Beaver  Dam,  Md 

Beaver  Dam,  Mo 

Beaver  Dam,  N.C 

Beaver  Dam,  N.C  

Beaver  Dam,  N.C 

Beaver  Dam,  N  C 

Beaver  Dam,  N.C 

Beaver  Dam,  N.C.» 

Beaver  Dam,  0 

Beaver  Dam,  Ore 

Beaver  Dam,  Va 

Beaver  Dam,  Wis 

Beaver  Dam,  Wis 

Beaver  Falls,  Minn 

Beaver  Falls,  Ore 

Beaver  Falls,  Pa 

Beaver  Island,  N.C 

Beaver  Lake,  Mich 

Beaver  Lick,  Ky 

Beaver  Meadow,  Ala.... 

Beaver  Pond,  W.Va 

Beaver  Slough,  Ore 

Beaver  Valley,  Col..„... 

Becaria,  Pa 

Becker,  Minn 

Becker,  S  D 

Becket,  Mass 

Beckwith,  Cal 

Beddington,  Me 

Bedford,  Ark 

Bedford,  III 

Bedford,  Ind 

Bedford,  Iowa 

Bedford,  Iowa 

Bedford,  Ky 

Bedford,  Ky 

Bedford,  Mass 

Bedford,  Mi.  h 

Bedford,  Mich 

Bedford,  Mo 

Bedford,  Mont 

Bedford,  Neb 

Bedford,  N.H 

Bedford,  N.Y 

Bedford,  0 

Bedford,  0 

Bedford,  O 

Bedford,  0 

Bedford,  Pa 

Bedford,  Pa 

Bedford  City.  Va 

Bedminster,  N.J 

Bedminster,  Pa 

Bed  Rock,  Idaho 

Bed  Rock,  Ore 

Beebe,  Ark 

Beebe  Draw,  Col 

Bee  Branch,  Mo 

Beech,  Ark 

Beech  Creek,  Ark 

Beech  Creek,  Ark 

Beech  Creek,  Ind 

Beech  Creek,  Pa 

Beech  Creek,  Pa 

Beecher,  111 

Beecher  Luke,  Wash... 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-prect 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

IMJSt-tWp 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

])ost-prect 

township 

district 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

rail.-dist 

post-town 

village 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

township 

city 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-boro' 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-jirect 

mag-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

P08t-fwp 

post  twp 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

|Kj8t-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

post-twp 

jx>st  twp 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

jiretinct 


County. 


Tillamook^.... 

Beaver 

Clarion 

Columbia 

Crawford 

Jefferson 

Snyder 

Miner 

Beaver 

Nicholas 

Clark 

Polk 

Lake 

Bingham 

Furnus 

Furnas 

Fremont 

Hamilton 

WashingtoD... 

Crawford 

Rock 

Rock 

Jefferson..„.... 

Webster 

Jones 

Wilkes 

Greene 

Clackamas 

Oglethorpe  ... 

Ohio 

Baltimore 

Butler 

Cherokee 

Cumberland... 

Haywood 

Pitt 

Richmond 

Watauga 

Allen 

Washington... 

Hanover 

Dodge 

Dodge 

Renville 

Columliia 

Beaver 

Stokes 

Ogemiiw 

Boone 

Mobile 

Mercer 

Coos 

Kit  Carson 

Clearfield 

Sherburne 

Rolierts 

Berkshire 

Pluiiiiis 

Wahliington... 

Cross 

Wayne 

Lawrence 

Taylor 

Tavlor 

Trimble 

Trimble 

Middlesex 

Calhoun 

Monroe 

Lincoln 

Jeflerson 

Nemaha 

Hillsborough.. 
Westchester... 

Coshocton 

Cuyahoga 

Cuyahoga 

MeigR 

Bedford 

Bedford 

Bedford 

Somerset 

Bucks 

Nez  Perces 

Union 

White 

M'eld 

Chariton 

Miller „... 

Ashley.......... 

Clark 

Greene 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Will 

Snohomish 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


1,178 
3,585 
1,221 
1,130 
1,113 
1,407 


1,911 
"'263 
"lOO 


591 
163 


1,199 

86 

48:t 
37 


1,754 
973 

2,47(1 
490 

1,070 
146 


1,060 
1,222 

l,6&i 


69() 

048 

353 

688 

6,763 

1,405 

3,410 

585 


5,104 
1,409 


636 

18,53 

111 


1,461 
600 


1,123 

488 

129 

.367 

1,6,52 

2,198 


2,458 
197 
931 
1,304 
1,8:16 
2,704 


680 
1,204 
3,731 

921 
1,787 

706 
1, 
2, 

2,01 
2,191 
1 
2. 


,720 

1,085 

1 


,812 
2,482 


98 
428 


2,298 
720 
617 

2,068 
800 
400 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  (ilace  and 
state. 


Beech  Fork,  Tenu.... 
Beech  Grove,  Teiin... 

Beech  Bidge,  111 

Beech  Springs,  S.C... 

Boelunaii,  N.Y 

Beekmantown,  N.Y.. 

Beemer,  Neb 

Beemer,  Neb 

Beo  Ridge,  Mo 

Beerslielia,  Ga 

Bee  Spring,  Ky 

Beetown,  Wis 

Beeville,  Tex 

Beliestian,  Ark 

Beinie,  Ark 

Belair,  La 

Belair,  Md 

Belair,  Md 

Belcher,  Ark,.., 

Belcher,  Ga 

Belcher,  Tex 

Belchertown,  Mass... 

Belding,  Mich 

Beldoc,  S.C 

Belcn,  Mies 

Belei),  N.M 

Beleu,  Tenn 

Belew  Creek,  N.C 

Belfast,  Me 

Belfast,  Minn 

Belfast,  N.Y 

Belfast,  N.Y 

Belfast,  Pa 

Belfield,  Va 

Belfield,  Va 

Belfurd,  N.D 

Belford,  S.D 

Beliiium,  Minn 

Belgium,  Wis 

Belgrade,  Me 

Belgiade,  Minn 

Belgrade,  Minn 

Belgrade,  Mo 

Bel  Green.  Ala 

Belknap,  111 

Belknap,  III 

Belknap,  Iowa 

Belknap,  Mich 

Belkofsky,  Alaska..., 

Bell,  Ga 

Bell,  Ga 

Bell,  Kan 

Bell,  I'a 

Bell,  Pa 

Bell,  Pa 

Bell,  Tenn 

Bellair,  Iowa , 

Bellaire,  0 

Bellbrook,  0 

Bellbuckle,  Tenn 

Bell  Creek,  Neb 

Belle,  S.I> 

Belle  Centre,  0 

Belle  Creek,  Minn..., 

Belle  Flower,  111 

Bellefontaine,  0 , 

Bellefonte,  Ala 

Bellefonte,  Ark 

Bellefonte,  Pa , 

Bellefonte,  Va , 

Belle  Place,  lia 

Belle  Plain,  III 

Belle  Plaiue,  Iowa... 
Belle  Plaine,  Iowa... 
Belle  Plaine,  Kan.... 
Belle  Plaine,  Kan.... 
Belle  Plaine,  Kan.... 
Belle  Plaine,  Minn.. 
Belle  Plaine,  Minn.. 

Belle  Plaine,  S.D 

Belle  Plaine,  Wis 

Belle  Prairie,  111 

Belle  Prairie,  Kan... 
Belle  Prairie,  Minn.. 
Belle  Prairie,  Neb.... 

Belle  Prairie,  S.D 

Belle  River,  Minn... 

Belle  Vernon,  Pa 

Belleview,  Fla 

Belleview,  III 

Belleview,  Ky 

Belleview,  Ky 

Belleview,  S.D 

Belleville,  Ala 

Belleville,  Ark 

Belleville,  111 


Bank  of 
place. 


civil-dist 

civil-dist 

post  prect 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

district 

post-vill 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

civil-dist 

townsliip 

city 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

village 

mil.-dist 

mil.-di»t 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

civil-dist 

township 

city 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-lwp 

post-boro' 

mag.-dist 

post- ward 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

post  twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 


County. 


Campbell 

Trousdale 

Alexander 

Spartanburg.... 

Dutchess 

Clinton 

Cuming 

Cuming 

Knox 

Henry 

Kdmonson 

Grant 

Bee... 

Ouachita 

Clark 

Plaquemines.... 

Harford 

Harford 

Prairie 

Decatur 

Montague 

Hampshire 

Ionia 

Barnwell 

Quitman 

Valencia 

Gibson 

Fori«ylh 

Waldo 

Murray 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Fulton 

Greensville 

Greensville 

Richland 

Aurora 

Polk 

Ozaukee 

Kennebec 

Nicollet 

Stearns , 

Washington 

Franklin , 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Pottawattamie 
Presque  Isle.... 


Cherokee 

Forsyth 

Reno 

Clearfield 

Jefferson 

Westmoreland 

Unicoi 

Appanoose 

Belmont 

Greene 

Bedford 

Burt 

Kdmunds 

Logan 

Goodhvie 

McLean 

Logan 

Jackson 

Boone 

Centre 

Nottoway 

Iberia 

Marshall 

Benton 

Benton 

Norton 

Sumner 

Sumner 

Scott 

Scott 

Spink 

Shawano 

Livingston 

Rush 

Morrison 

Fillmore 

Beadle.„ 

Douglas 

Fayette 

Marion 

Calhoun 

Boone 

Christian 

Miner 

Conecuh 

Yell 

Saint  Clair 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


397 

5.57 

373 

6,257 

1,578 

2,644 


732 

576 

1,530 

208 


6,586 


243 
900 


2,346 

562 

1,764 


975 
1,010 
6,.308 

193 
1,470 

405 

928 
3,024 


1,948 
1,3-21 


489 
620 


1,000 
484 
348 
998 
887 

1,064 
396 
7811 

8,025 
425 
298 
646 


434 
1,078 
1,282 
3,998 


1,379 
3,026 
3,526 
1,169 
1,055 


1,6 


1,564 
348 

1,054 
629 


735 
708 
265 
991 
472 


472 
1,164 


1,263 
713 


1,526 


350 

604 

371 

6,417 

1,113 

2,159 

794 

350 

623 

892 

855 

1,267 

1,311 

1,070 

563 

405 

6,890 

1,416 

391 

813 

516 

2,120 

1,730 

2,157 

184 

685 

919 

1,116 

5,294 

329 

1,500 

600 

895 

4,011 

493 

665 

366 

83 

1,690 

1,090 

1,232 

306 

1,053 

1,833 

1,086 

a58 

1,164 

744 

186 

672 

63!) 

481 

1,484 

1,015 

1,168 

436 

1,293 

9,9.34 

350 

716 

1,471 

135 

927 

937 

1,294 

4,245 

1,519 

1,018 

3,946 

3,.5.54 

1,368 

958 

2,623 

2,623 

266 

1,474 

659 

980 

814 

197 

1,028 

584 

201 

605 

9,55 

100 

711 

1,147 

130 

1,168 

806 

923 

308 

1,460 

247 

15.361 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Belleville,  111 

Belleville,  Kan 

Belleville,  Kan 

Belleville,  Kan 

Belleville,  Mich 

Belleville,  N.J 

Belleville,  N.Y 

Belleville,  W.Ya 

Belleville,  Wis 

Bellevue,  Idaho 

Bellevue,  Idaho 

Bellevue,  Iowa 

Bellevue,  Iowa 

Bellevue,  Ky 

Bellevue,  Ky 

Bellevue,  La 

Bellevue,  Mich 

Bellevue,  Mich 

Bellevue,  Minn 

Bellevue,  Mo 

Bellevue,  Neb 

Bellevue,  0 

Bellevue,  0 

Bellevue,  Ore 

Bellevue,  Pa 

Bellevue,  Utah 

Bellevue,  Va 

Bellevue,  Wis 

Bellingham,  Mass 

Bellingham,  Minn..., 
Bellingham,  Wash.... 

Bell  Mines.  Ky 

Bellmont,  III , 

Bellmont,  III 

Bellmont,  Kan 

Bellmont,  N.D 

Bellows  Falls,  Vt 

Bell  Point,  Ky 

Bells.  S.C 

Bell's,  Tex 

Bell's  Depot,  Tenn... 
Bell's  Depot,  Tenn... 
Bell's  Landing,  Ala.. 

Bell's  Mills,  Ala 

Bellton,  Ga , 

Bellville,  Fla 

Bellville,  Iowa 

Bellville,  0 

Bellville,  Tex 

Bellville  Mines,  Mo.. 

Bellwood,  Ga 

Bellw(X)d,  Neb 

Bellwood,  Pa 

Bclmond,  Iowa 

Belmond,  Iowa 

Belmont,  Ala 

Belmont.  Fla , 

Belmont,  III 

Belmont,  Iowa 

Belmont,  Kan , 

Belmont,  Kan 

Belmont,  Kan 

Belmont,  Me 

Belmont,  Mass 

Belmont,  Minn 

Belmont,  Neb 

Belmont,  N.H , 

Belmont,  N.Y 

Belmont,  N.Y 

Belmont,  O 

Belmont,  S.D 

Belmont,  S  D 

Belmont,  Wis 

Belmont,  Wis 

Belmont,  Wis , 

Belmore,  0 

Beloit,  Col 

Beloit,  Kan 

Beloit,  Kan 

Beloit,  Wis 

Beloit,  Wis 

Belpre,  Kan 

Belpre,  0 

Belpre,  0 

Belt,  Mont 

Belton,  Ga 

Belton,  Mo 

Belton,  S.C 

Belton,  S.C 

Belton,  Tex 

Beltzhoover,  Pa 

Belvidere,  III 

Belvidere,  IP 

Belvidere,  Iowa 

Belvidere,  Mich 

Belvidere,  Minn 


Rank  of 
place. 


city 

township 

township 

city 

post  vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

precinct 

city 

township 

city 

mag.-dist 

town 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

toAvnship 

post-prect 

post-vill 

village 

post-prect 

post-boro' 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post  vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

civil-dist 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

village 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

post  vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

townfihip 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

city 

township 

city 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-boro' 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Saint  Clair...., 
Chautauqua..., 

Republic , 

Republic 

Wayne 

Essex , 

Jefferson 

Wood 

Dane 

Logan 

Logan 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Campbell 

Campbell 

Bossier 

Eaton 

Eaton 

Morrison 

Washington.... 

Sarpy  

Huron 

Sanduskv 

Yam  Hill 

Alleghany 

Washington..., 

Bedford 

Brown 

Norfolk , 

Lac-qui-Parle.. 

Whatcom 

Crittenden 

Wabash 

Wabash 

Rooks 

Traill 

Windham 

Franklin 

Colleton 

Grayson 

Crockett 

Crockett 

Monroe 

Cleburne 

Hall 

Hamilton 

Pocahontas 

Richland , 

Austin 

Jasper 

Fulton 

Bntler 

Blair 

Wright 

Wright 

Snmter 

Hamilton 

Iroquois 

Warren 

Kingman 

Phillips 

Woodson 

Waldo 

Middlesex 

Jackson 

Otoe 

Belknap 

Alleghany 

Franklin 

Belmont 

Douglas 

Spink 

Lafayette 

Lafavette 

Portage 

Putnam 

Kit  Carson 

Mitchell 

Mitchell 

Rock 

Rock 

Edwards 

Washington... 
Washington... 

Cascade 

Banks 

Cass 

Anderson 

Anderson 

Bell 

Alleghany 

Boone 

Boone 

Monona 

Montcalm 

Goodhue 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


10,683 
1,262 
763 
238 
314 
3,004 
462 
218 


2,525 
1,581 
1,842 
1,460 


2,057 
628 
246 

1,027 
704 

3,052 

2,169 
346 
915 
58 


777 
1,223 


1,518 

1,.561 

350 

240 


2,229 
249 

1,968 
65 

1,404 
540 

1,574 
576 
229 


373 
971 
500 


237 
42 
366 
497 


2,2.54 
735 

l,2:i7 

1,250 
502 
513 
657 
520 

1,615 
3C9 
722 

1,226 
804 

2,098 
319 


1,244 
410 
535 
445 


2,793 

1,835 

707 

4,790 


2,636 
901 


229 
552 

2,181 
314 

1,797 
564 

3,940 

2,951 
304 
62.': 
950 

57 


16,301 

1,5B0 
721 

1,868 
367 

3,487 
4.52 
208 
319 

1,094 
892 

2,286 

1,394 

3,426 

3,163 
212 

2,084 
914 
302 
F58 

1,348 

2,169 

3,052 
370 

1,418 
35 

1,432 
838 

1,3:14 
166 
293 

1,517 

1,493 
487 
330 
488 

3,092 
457 

2,509 
429 

1,706 
690 

1,039 
610 
211 

1,644 
676 
941 
807 

1,174 
587 
413 

1,146 
623 
?(« 

1,970 
617 
995 

1,288 
349 
410 
634 
475 

2,098 
623 
680 

1,142 
950 

2,263 
384 
347 
217 

1,185 
378 
622 
414 
97 

1,004 

2,455 
714 

6,315 
227 

2,078 

1,007 
375 
211 
9.^8 

2,.508 
494 

3,000 

2,000 

4,832 

3,867 
481 

1,027 
930 


CITIB8,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


XUM  of  pl«C«  Mtd 

■Uta. 


BVlvlu6FQ,  Nvb .M. 

BeWiarra.  Nvb 

I)«l«iiler«,N.J 

IVtIf  Uciv,  N.O 

BrUUvrv,  Vt 

B«lvi<i«r^  Wia. 

BalTuIr,  N.O 

Belruo,  Kao _. 

Bement,  IIU 

Bemrnt,  III 

Bandmrtrilln,  Pa. 

Btnt^ict,  Ark 

B«i>rdlct,8.I) 

BaiMdicU,  Me 

Benviett,  Pk 

Baogal,  Mich 

Bcoicia,Ckl 

Uanicla.  Cttl 

BeiO»ni>>,  UUh ■ 

Benklenuin,  Neb 

Benkleiuuii,  Neb 

BeD  Ix>niuu<l,  Ark 

Benner,  Pa 

Bennrt,  Neb 

Beiiiiet,  Neb 

Bennett,  Kan 

Bennett  Kavou,  Ark.... 
Bennett  8|irinK<), SO.... 

BennetUvMIe,  SC 

Beiintttsville,  S.C 

Bennezette,  Iowa 

Bennington,  Idaho 

Bcniiiii)[ton,  111 

Bennington,  Iowa. 

Bennington,  Kan 

BeniiinKlon,  Kan 

Bennington,  Mich 

Bennington,  )linn 

Bc>nnington,  N.H 

Bennington.  N.Y 

Bennington,0 , 

Bennington,  0 

Bennington,  Vt 

Bennington,  Vt 

Bennkelnian,  Kan 

Benona,  Mich 

Bensalem,  N.C 

Bensaloni,  I'a 

Ben8fnville,  111 

Ben  Smith,  Ga 

Benson,  Ala 

BenHon,  Ari 

Benson,  III 

BeniH>n,  K.v 

Benson,  Minn 

Benson,  Minn 

Benmn,  N.Y 

Benson,  N.C 

Benson,  N.I) 

B«n8on,  Utah 

Benson,  Vt „ , 

Benson,  Vt , 

Buntley,  Ark 

Beulle}',  111 

Bentleyville,  Pa 

Benton,  Ala. 

Benton,  Ala ^... 

Benton,  Ark , 

Benton,  Ark 

Benton,  Ark 

Benton,  Oal 

Benton,  III „ 

Benton,  III.. 

Benton,  III „ 

Benton,  III _ 

Benton,  Ind 

Benton,  Ind 

Benton,  Iowa _ 

Benton,  Iowa 

Benton,  Iowa 

Bentnn,  Iowa 

Benton,  Iowa 

Benton,  Iowa 

Benton,  luwa 

Benton,  Iowa 

Benton,  Iowa 

B«uton,  Kan 

Benton,  Kan 

Benton,  Kan 

Benton,  Ky 

Benton,  Ky 

Benton,  Me „ 

Benton,  .Midi 

Bent<in,  Mich , 

Beiiton,  Mich , 

Benton,  ]Iinn„ 


Bank  of 
place. 


prediict 
puet-vill 
po*t-lw|) 

|)USt-IW|l 

poet-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-lK>ru' 

township 

town»hip 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

city 

precinct 

precinct 

post-Till 

post-twp 

township 

townsliip 

post-vill 

township 

township 

towmthip 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

townHbip 

township 

township 

post-vill 

poet-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

poBt-twp 

IH)8t-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

(Mist-twp 

post-vill 

niil.-dist 

precinct 

i>o8t-town 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

townsliip 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

poet-lwp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

|io8t-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

|iost-towu 

township 

township 

township 

township 


Ounnty. 


TiMurer. 

Thayer 

Warren 

Perquimans.... 

Lauiuille» 

Btiflato... 

I'lu 

Pottawatomie.. 

PUtt 

Piatt 

Adams 

Faulkner 

Sanborn 

Aroostook 

Klk 

Clinton 

Solano 

Solano 

Utah 

Dundy 

Dundy 

Sevier 

Centre 

Fillmore 

Lancaster 

Kingman 

Fulton 

Uarnwell , 

Marlborough... 
Marlborough... 

Butler 

Bear  Lake , 

Marshall 

Black  Hawk... 

Ottawa 

Ottawa 

Shiawassee 

Mower , 

Hillsborough.., 

Wyoming 

Licking 

Morrow 

Bennington.... 
Bennington.... 

Cheyenne 

Oceana 

Moore 

Bucks 

Du  Page 

Gwinnett 

Clinton 

Cocliisfl 

Woodford 

Franklin 

Swift 

Swift  

Hamilton 

.Iiihnston 

Benson 

Cache 

Rutland 

Rutland 

Conway 

Hancock 

Washington  ... 

Lowndt-s 

Lowndes 

Faulkner 

Fulton 

Saline 

Mono 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Lake 

Massac 

Elkhart 

Monroe 

Benton 

Cass 

Des  Moines 

Fremont 

Keokuk 

Lucas 

Ringgold , 

Taylor.™ 

Wayne 

Atchison 

Butler. 

Hodgeman 

Marshall 

Marshall 

Kennebec 

Berrien 

Cheboygan 

Eaton 

Carver „., 


Population. 


1880.      1800. 


800 
2G4 

1,77a 

8,0-> 
40U 
T£i 

2,69.3 
TM 

2,030 
0(U 
331 


30-^ 

8:16 

1,296 

2,067 

1,794 

160 


1,282 
602 
214 
185 
860 
2,079 
3,171 
34.J 
627 


9ti4 
812 
83-.^ 


1,472 
641 
443 

2,36.^ 
884 
936 

6,333 


87 
1,310 
2,217 

136 
1,727 
l,19ii 


287 
9.34 
4'>5 
4.'56 
402 


181 
1,104 
213 
362 
117 

1,094 


600 

1,206 

452 

166 

2,419 

9»4 

69-j 

«7li 

1,667 

9i5 

661 

698 

1,271 

1,119 

1,082 

713 

700 

2,i(^ 

866 


697 


1,:M2 
277 
1,173 
2.(39 
793 
1,lKi 
1,262 


1,4:» 

.3.'i9 

1,768 

2,696 

671 

760 

1,340 

784 

2,487 

1,129 

370 

700 

261 

317 

1,025 

1,164 

2,961 

2,361 

417 

749 

357 

056 

l,'.i22 

628 

474 

786 

767 

2,284 

3,844 

978 

680 

296 

919 

715 

800 

3<Ki 

1,298 

496 

642 

2,029 

792 

1,106 

6,391 

3,971 

3x6 

1,1.54 

1,884 

2,499 

295 

1,309 

1,.590 

348 

338 

843 

474 

877 

322 

191 

23 

169 

880 

52 

647 

144 

229 

942 

265 

1,013 

1,110 

047 

295 

2,312 

939 

620 

795 

1,-372 

1,018 

497 

759 

1,020 

912 

15,76 

027 

749 

46.3 

693 

1,696 

849 

67 

1,.529 

344 

1.136 

6,.5.50 

770 

1,637 

1,175 


Kerne  of  place  end 
state. 


Benton,  Minn 

Benton,  Mo 

Benton,  Mo 

Benton,  Mo.... 

Benton,  Mo 

Benton,  Mo 

Benton,  Mo 

Benton,  Mo 

Benton,  Mo 

Benton,  Mo 

Benton,  Mo 

Benton,  Mo „ 

Benton,  Mo 

Benton,  Mo 

Benton,  Bio 

Benton,  Mo 

Benton,  Mo 

Benton,  Mo 

Benton,  Mo 

Benton,  Mo 

Benton,  Neb 

Benton,  N.H  

Benton,  N.Y 

Benton,  O 

Benton,  0 

Benton,  O 

Benton,  0 

Benton,  0 

Benton,  Pa 

Benton,  Pa 

Benton,  S.D 

Benton,  SD 

Benton,  S.D 

Benton,  Tenn 

Benton,  Tex 

Benton,  Wis 

Benton,  Wis 

Benton  City,  Mo 

Benton  Harbor,  Mich... 

Benton  Kidge,  0 

Bentonsport,  Iowa 

Bentoiiville,  Aik 

Beutonville,  N.C 

Bentni,N.D 

Ben  Wade.  Minn 

Ben  wood,  W.Va 

Benzinger,  Pa 

Ilonzonia,  Mich 

Beotiii,  S.D 

Berea,  0 

Beresford,  S.D 

Bergen,  Col 

Bergen,  Minn 

Bergen,  N.Y 

Bergen,  N.Y 

Bergen,  N.D 

Bergen,  N.D 

Bergen,  N.D 

Bergen,  Wis 

Bergen,  Wis 

B<'rgen  Park,  Col 

Berkeley,  Cal 

Berkley,  Mass 

Berkley,  N.J 

Berkley,  Va 

Berkley,  Va 

Berkshire,  Ga 

Berkshire,  N.Y 

Berkshire,  0 

Berkshire,  Vt 

Berlin,  Ark 

Berlin,  Conn 

Berlin,  Oa 

Berlin,  III 

Berlin,  III 

Berlin,  Iowa 

Berlin,  Kan 

Berlin,  Kv 

Berlin,  Md 

Berlin,  Mass 

Berlin,  Mich  

Berlin,  Mich 

Berlin,  Mich 

Berlin,  Minn 

Berlin,  Neb 

Berlin,  N.H 

Berlin,  N.Y 

Berlin,  N.D 

Berlin,  0 „ 

Berlin,  0 

Berlin,  O 

Berlin,  0 

Berlin,  0 

Berlin.  Pa 

Berlin,  Pa 

Berlin,  S.D 


Bank  of 
place. 


▼illago 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

|K)8t-Vlll 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

townsliip 

township 

town-hip 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

|iost-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-town 

)io8t-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

liost-lown 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-towFi 

mag.-dist 

niil.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

niil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

Iiost-prect 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

|X>8t-twp 

township 
township 
post-boro' 
township 
township 


Connty. 


Cenrer 

Adair 

Andrew 

Atchison 

Cedar 

Christian 

Crawford 

Dallas 

Daviess 

Douglas 

Holt 

Howell 

Knox 

Linn 

Newton ...» 

Osage 

Polk 

Scott 

Wayne 

Webster 

Nemaha 

Grafton 

Yates 

Hocking 

Monroe 

Ottawa 

Pnulding 

Pike 

Columbia 

Lackawanna... 

McCook 

Minnehaha 

Spink 

Polk 

Atascosa 

Lafayette 

Lafayette 

Audrain 

Berrien 

Hancock 

Van  Buri-n 

Benton 

Johnston 

Grand  Forks... 

Pope 

Marshall 

Elk 

Benzie 

Spink 

('iiyahoga 

Union 

Jefferson , 

McLeod 

Genesee 

Genesee 

Nelson , 

Ramsey 

Steele 

Marathon 

Vernon , 

Douglas 

Alameda 

Bristol 

Ocean 

No)  folk 

Spottsjlvunia.. 

Gwinnett 

Tioga 

Delaware 

Franklin 

Johnson 

Hartford 

Banks 

liurean 

Sangamon 

Clinton 

Harper 

Bracken 

W'orcester 

Worcester 

Ionia 

Monroe 

Saint  Clair 

Steele , 

Otoe 

Coos 

Rensselaer 

Cass 

Delaware 

Erie 

Holmes 

Knox 

Mahoning 

Somerset 

Wayne «.. 

Clark 


Population. 


1880.      1800. 


97 

4,229 
1,926 

709 
1,643 

fibi> 
l,i:t4 
2,384 
1,875 

75;i 
2,02.V 
1,274 

813 
1,019 
1,437 
2,943 
1,720 

109 
l,6fi( 
1,0.55 

951 

378 
2,413 
l,fi2K 

937 
2,712 

798 
1,474 
1,062 
l,14x 


1,619 

254 

M 

1,230 
179 
305 
690 

1,076 


491 


1,970 
322 


1,022 

2,«I2 

675 


460 
1,014 


927 
68.3 


2,251 
1,650 
1,304 
1.6f>(i 
1,590 


2,38.' 
3(« 

1,270 
2»>7 
832 


1,86'- 

i.aw 

977 
1,8(* 
2,246 
1,283 
68: 
658 
1,144 
2,202 


1,388 

2,042 

l,.37x 

910 

862 

72S 

J, 198 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OP   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Berlin,  S.D 

Berlin,  Vt 

Berlin,  Wis 

Berlin,  Wis 

Berlin,  Wis 

Berlin  and  Ivor,  Va.... 

Berlin  HeiKlits,  0 

Bermuda,  Va 

Bern,  0 

Beinadotte,  III 

Bernadotie,  Minn 

Bernal,  N.M 

Bernalillo,  N.M 

Bernardo,  Cal 

Bernards,  N  J 

Bernardston,  Mass 

Berne,  Ind 

Berne,  N.Y 

Berne,  O 

Berne,  Pa 

Berners  Bay,  Alaska... 

Bernville,  Pa 

Berrenian,  111 

Berrien,  Mich 

Berrien  Springs,  Mich 

Berry,  Ala 

Berry,  Ky 

Berrv,  Wis 

Berryhill,  N.O 

Berrysburg,  Pa 

Berryville,  Ark 

Berilia,  Minn 

Berthoud,  Col 

Bertbood,  Col 

Bertram.  Iowa 

Bertrand,  Mich 

Bertrand,  Mo 

Bertrand,  Neb 

Bertrandvllle,  La 

Berwicli,  III 

Berwick,  Kan 

Berwick,  La 

Berwick,  Me 

Berwick,  Pa 

Berwick,  Pa, 

Berwick,  Pa 

Berwyn,  Neb 

Bessemer,  Ala 

Bessemer,  Col 

Bessemer,  Mich 

Bessemer,  Mich 

Betlialto,  111 

Belbania,  N.C 

Bethany,  Ala 

Bethany,  Conn 

Bethanj',  111 

Bethany,  Kan 

Bethany,  Mich 

Bethany,  Mo 

Bethany,  Mo 

Bethany,  N.Y 

Bethany,  N.C 

Bethany,  Pa 

Befhea,  SC 

Bethel,  Ala 

Bethel,  Ala 

Bethel,  Ala 

Betliel,  Alaska 

Bethel,  Conn , 

Bethel,  Conn 

Bethel,  Del 

Bethel,  Ga 

Bethel.  Ill 

Bethel,  111 

Bethel,  Ind 

Bethel,  Iowa 

Bethel,  Ky 

Betliel,  Me 

Bethel,  Me 

Bethel,  Mich 

Bethel,  Minn 

Bethel,  Mo 

Bethel,  N.Y 

Bethel,  N.C 

Bethel,  N.C 

Bethel,  N.C 

Bethel,  N.C 

Bethel,  0 

Bethel,  0 

Bethel,  0 

Bethel,  0 

Bethel,  Pa 

Bethel,  Pa 

Bethel,  Pa 

Bethel,  Pa 

Bethel,  Pa , 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

mag.-clist 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-t«p 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-prect 

poft-prect 

townsliip 

post  town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

hamlet 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

IK)8t-town 

post-vill 

village 

I)08t-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

borough 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

townsliip 

city 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-lioro' 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

hamlet 

township 

post-boro' 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 


County. 


Dfluglas 

Washington... 
Green  Lake,... 
Green  Lake... 

Marathon 

Southampton. 

Erie 

Chesterfield... 

Athens .'.., 

Fulton 

Nicollet 

San  Miguel 

iJernHlillo , 

San  Diego 

Somerset 

Franklin 

Adams 

Albany 

Fairfield  

Berks 


Berks 

Jo  Daviess 

Berrien 

Berrien 

Fayette 

Harrison 

Dane 

Mecklenburg., 

Dauphin , 

Carroll 

Todd 

Larimer 

Larimer. •... 

Linn 

Berrien 

Mississippi 

Phelpg 

Plaquemines  .. 

Warren 

Nemaha 

Saint  Mary...., 

York 

Adams 

Adams , 

Columbia 

Custer 

Jefferson 

Pueblo 

Gogebic , 

Gogebic , 

Madison 

Forsyth , 

Pickens , 

Aew  Haven 

Moultrie 

Osborne , 

Gratiot 

Harrison 

Hairison 

Genesee , 

Iredell 

Wayne , 

Marion 

Autauga 

Lee , 

Wilcox 


Fairfield  

Fairfield 

Sussex 

Wilkinson.... 
McDonough.. 

Morgan 

Posey 

Favette 

Bath 

Oxford 

Oxford 

Branch 

Anoka 

Shelby 

Sullivan 

Bladen  

Perquimans.. 

Pitt 

Pitt 

Clark 

Cleimoiit 

Miami 

Monroe , 

Alleghany.... 
Armstrong ... 

Berks 

Delaware 

Fulton 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,380 

791 

3,354 

1,000 

4,898 

4-.M 

2,279 

1,073 

1,440 

565 


2,622 
934 


2,610 
2,i;25 
2,170 


406 

690 

1,392 

758 

6;i7 

2,244 

1,066 

l,6:i6 

476 

253 

247 


798 

1,308 

126 


136 
1,003 


796 

2,774 

614 

368 

2,095 


628 

1,346 

795 

637 

269 

694 

1,715 

2,\\x 

994 

1,671 

810 

181 

1,438 


1,07.') 
2,497 


2,7-27 

1  767 

298 

940 

1,399 

1,251 

672 

660 

1,95( 

2,07: 


1,611 
423 

1,343 

2,56.' 
833 

1,6.5:', 


127 
3,131 

682 
1,8.54 
1.165 


371 

2,329 

6»9 

938 


330 
l,.')t4 

767 

4,149 

1,083 

3,858 

517 

2,044 

1,485 

1,216 

680 

193 

924 

loo 

2,568 

770 

644 

2,273 

2,.129 

1,935 

6 

365 

661 

1,684 

746 

641 

2,300 

1,003 

1,756 

426 

649 

466 

603 

228 

861 

1,093 

221 

265 

205 

798 

826 

7G9 

2,294 

.661 

381 

2,701 

930 

4,.544 

3,317 

680 

2,666 

879 

1,633 

1,121 

0«8 

019 

2,264 

2,483 

i,ia5 

1,617 
893 
134 

1,.'^69 
639 
957 

2,741 
W 

3,401 

2,336 
378 
338 

1,222 

1,241 
768 
8.55 

1.9.58 

2,209 
783 

1,.391 
419 

1,468 

2,168 
945 

1,680 

2,068 
377 

3,407 
626 

1,686 

l,O!0 
603 
788 

2,139 
695 

1,012 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Bethel,  Pa 

Bethel,  Pa 

Bethel,  S.C 

Bethel,  S.D 

Bethel,  Tenn 

Bethel,  Vt 

Bethel,  W.Va. 

Bethel  Church,  NC 

Bethel  Springs,  Tenn... 

Bethesda,  Md 

Bethesda,  S.C 

Bethlehem,  Ala 

Bethlehem,  Conn 

Bethlehem,  Ind 

Bethlehem,  Ind 

Bethlehem,  Ky 

Bethlehem,  Mo 

Bethlehem,  N.H 

Bethlehem,  N.J 

Bethlehem,  N.Y 

Bethlehem,  0 

Bethlehem,  O 

Bethlehem,  Pa 

Bethlehem,  Pa 

Bethune,  Col 

Bettic,  Tex 

Betts,  Ala 

Bettsvillc,  0 

Beulah,  Ala 

Benlah,  N.C 

Beulah,  S.D 

Beulah,  S.D 

Beulaville,  N.C 

Beverly,  Ark 

Beverly,  III 

Beverly,  Ky 

Beverly,  Mass 

Beverly,  Neb 

Beverly,  N.J 

Beverly,  N.J 

Beverly,  O 

Beverly,  W.  Va 

Beverly,  W.Va 

Beverly  Manor,  Va 

Bevier,  Ky 

Bevier,  Mo 

Bevier,  Mo 

Bcwiey,  Tenn 

Bewleyville,  Ky 

Bexar,  Ala 

B 
B 
Bi 
Bi 
B 
Bi 
Bi 
B 
B 
B 
B 
B 
B 
B 


ble  Grove,  111 

ddeford,  Me 

dwell,  Cal 

edell.  Col 

g  Beaver,  Pa 

g  Beaver,  Pa 

g  Bend,  Kan 

g  Bend,  Minn 

g  Bend,  Ore 

g  Bend,  Wis 

g  Bine,  Neb 

g  Bottom,  Ark 

g  Bottom,  Wash 

g  Butte,  Ore 

Bigl.y,  Tenn 

g  Camas,  Idaho 

g  Clear  Creek,  Ky.... 

gClifty.Ky 

g  Cottonwood,  Utah. 

g  Creek,  Ala 

g  (reek,  .\rk 

g  Creek,  Ark 

g  Creek,  Ark 

g  Creek,  Ark 

g  Creek,  Ark 

g  Creek,  Ark 

g  Creek,  Ark 

g  Creek,  Ark 

g  Creek,  Ark 

g  Cieek,  Ark „... 

g  Creek,  Fla 

g  Creek,  Gii 

g  Creek,  Ga 

g  (reek,  Idaho 

g  Creek,  Ind 

g  Creek,  Iowa 

g  Creek,  Kan 

g  Creek,  Kan 

g  Creek,  Kan. 

g  Creek,  Ac,  Ky 

g  Creek,  Ky 

g  Creek,  Ky 

g  Creek,  Mich 

g  Creek,  Mo 

Big  (.'reek,  Mo 

Big  Creek,  Mo..... 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

borough 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-town 

district 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

niag.-d  St 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

post-prect 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

fpost-prect 

township 

city 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

I)Ost-vill 

civil-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

post-twp 

city 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

civil-dist 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

town.ship 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag-dist 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Lebanon 

Mercer 

York 

Clay 

Giles 

Windsor 

Pendleton 

Cabarrus 

McNaiiy 

Montgomery  .. 

York 

Chambers 

Litchfield 

Cass 

Clarke 

Hardin 

Henry 

Grafton 

Hunterdon 

Albany 

Coshocton 

Stark 

Northampton.. 
Northampton.. 

Kit  Carson 

Upshur. 

Lamar 

Seneca 

Lee 

Johnston 

Davison 

Hanson 

Duplin 

Sebastian 

Adams 

Christian 

Essex 

Hitchcock 

Burlington 

Burlington 

WashiUKton.... 

Bandolph 

Randolph 

Augusta 

Muhlenberg.... 

Macon 

Macon 

Hamblen 

Breckenridge.. 

Marion 

Clay 

York 

Butte 

Saguache 

Beaver 

Lawrence 

Republic 

Chippewa 

Curry 

Chippewa 

Saline 

Independence . 

Kitsap 

Jackson. 

Lewis 

Elmore 

Bell 

Grayson 

Salt  Lake 

Limestone 

Cleburne 

Craighead 

Fulton 

Hot  Spring 

Lee 

Newton 

Phillips 

Sebastian 

Sharp 

White 

Holmes 

Forsyth 

Milton 

Lemhi 

White 

Black  Hawk... 

Ellis 

Neosho 

Russell 

Clay 

Leslie 

Pike 

Osceola 


Henry., 
Taney. 


FopulutioD. 


1880.      1890. 


2,3.32 

1.51 

2,672 


1.53 
1,693 

96G 
1,613 


1,488 
3,681 
2,337 

6,55 
1,163 

798 


1,38( 
1,4(X) 
2,830 
3,762 
830 
2,304 
2,282 
5.193 


616 
1,315 
1,481 


1,132 


8,466 


1,369 
1,7,59 

834 
1,075 

23.r 
12,020 


2,135 
867 


1,044 

12,661 

698 


1.437 

1,645 

1,086 

471 

81 

231 

847 

1,448 


190 
169 


1,147 

1,730 

601 


240 
625 
902 

191 


1,762 

2,ai0 

484 


1,624 
619 


787 
1,066 
1,390 
1,036 

846 
1,109 

461 

876 


911 

1,038 

666 


2,274 

81 

3,017 

420 

101 

1,448 

979 

1,506 

309 

1,143 

4,741 

2,789 

643 

1,113 

75H 

943 

1,317 

1,207 

2,308 

4,187 

706 

2,290 

2,  .397 

6,762 

147 

284 

869 

513 

1,274 

1,998 

160 

'Zbi 

61 

1,126 

982 

1,118 

10,821 

240 

1,461 

1,967 

796 

1,3^8 

343 

12,419 

299 

2,917 

876 

647 

2,6^0 

882 

1,112 

14,443 

630 

19 

1,497 

1,047 

1,094 

022 

36 

820 

7ii0 

1,7.36 

314 

104 

306 

84 

1.407 

1,768 

789 

1,244 

75 

940 

1,098 

434 

4S6 

476 

2,1.^ 

1,110 

6ti3 

322 

360 

1,693 

628 

4 

9.56 

1,547 

1,728 

1,070 

480 

2,690 

363 

852 

l>-7 

911 

1,023 


69 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP  1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Kamt  of  pUc«  and 
•Ule. 


Big  CrMk,  Of 

Ms  CrMk,  Teun 

Ms  CrMk.  W.  Va. 

Ms  CrMk  Gap,  Teiin... 
Itis  D17  Cr<>«k,Ac.,Cul. 

MsKaffU.Ky 

Blgvluw,  Mion 

Ms«low,  Mo 

Ms  riat.  Ark 

Ms  riat.  Idaho 

Msriat*,N.Y 

Ms  riats,  ^Via. 

Msfuot,  Mont. 

Mg  Furk,  Ark 

MKKork,Ark 

Ms  Grots,  III 

Bis  Grove,  Iowa. 

Mg  Urove,  luwa 

Bisger,  Iiid 

Mpus,CaI 

ni|(Ksvillp,  III 

Big  Hickory,  G<t 

Big  Hole,  Mont „... 

Big  Horu,  Wya 

Big  (slBDd,  0 

Big  Lake,  Ark 

Big  Lake,  I.a 

Big  Lake,  Minn 

Big  Laurel,  N.C 

Bisler,  Pa. 

Big  Lirk,  N.C 

Big  Lick,  N.C 

Big  Lick,  0 

Big  Lick,  Va 

Biglow,  Ore 

Biglow  Springs,  Ore 

Big  Mound,  III 

Big  Pine  Creek,  N.C... 
Big  Pot  Liitch,  Idiiho... 

Big  Pruirie,  Mich 

Big  Prairie,  Mo 

Big  Uapidg,  Mich 

Big  Rapidg,  Mich 

Big  River,  Cal 

Big  Kiver,  Mo 

IliK  Hiver,  Mo 

Big  K.)ck,  Ark 

Big  Kock,  111 

Big  Ilock,  Tenn 

Big  Run,  Pa 

Big  Sandy,  Ga 

Big  Sandy,  Tenn 

Big  Sandy,  Tex 

BIgSindy,  W.  Vo. 

Big  Mianly,  Ga 

Big  Sioux,  S.l> 

Big  Smith,  Ga 

Big  S..uth  Fork,  Ky 

Big  South  Fork,  Ky 

Big  Spring,  .\la 

Big  Spring,  Ark. 

Big  Spring,  Ark 

Big  Spring,  111 

BigS|.ring,  Neh 

Big  Spring,  O 

Big  Springs,  Ala 

Big  Stone,  Hinn 

Big  Stone,  S.D 

Big  Stone  City.  S.D 

Big  Tinilier,  Kan 

Big  Timber,  Mont 

Big  Timber,  Mont 

Big  Wood*,  illnn 

Bil.r  Road,  Ala 

Bilesville,  N.C 

Billerica,  Mass 

Billingham,  Wash 

Billing*,  Mich 

Billings,  Mo 

Billings,  Mont 

Billings,  Bfoul 

Biloxi,  Miss 

Biloxi,  MIks 

Bingham,  Ill.„ 

Bingliani,  Iowa 

Bingham,  Me 

Bingham,  Mirh 

Bingham,  Mich 

Bingham,  Mich 

Bingham,  Neb 

Bingham,  N.C 

Bingham,  Pa 

Bingham,  Utah 

Binghamton,  N.Y 

Binghamton,  N.Y 

Biugbamton,  N.D 

60 


Bank  of 
place. 


precinct 

dvildist 

mag.-dist 

civil-dist 

precinct 

uag.-dist 

pusl-lwp 

pu»t-twp 

poat-iwp 

precinct 

poat-town 

poat-twp 

precinct 

township 

poBt-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

pust-vill 

|>08t-Till 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

poet-twp 

towusliip 

township 

ward 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

ciey 

township 

township 

township 

township 

poBt-twp 

civil-dist 

post-lioro' 

mil.-dist 

post-Till 

post-town 

niug.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

civil-dist 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

precinct 

village 

(lost-iown 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

IKWt-Till 

beat 

city 

t>o«t-town 

township 

IKWt-town 

township 

township 

poet-twp 

|io8t-prect 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

city 

towiuhip 


County. 


Union 

Cucke.. 

McDowell 

Campl>ell 

Ara|«bue 

Scott 

Noblea 

Holt „. 

Baxter 

Owyhee 

Chemung 

Adams 

Jefferson 

Montgomery.... 

Polk 

Kendall 

Benton 

Johnson 

Jennings 

Butte 

Henderson 

Hall  

Beaver  Head.... 

Sheridan 

Marion 

Missii^slppi 

Cameron 

Sherburne 

Mndison 

Clearfield 

Sianly. 

Slauly 

Hancock 

Roanoke 

Sherman 

Sherman 

Wayne 

Madison 

Nez  Perces 

Newaygo 

New  Madrid.... 

Mecosta 

Mecosta 

Mendocino 

Jefferson 

Saint  Francois.. 

Puluski 

Kane 

Stewart 

Jeflerson 

Chattahoochee 

Denton 

Upshur 

Kanawha 

Cobb 

Union 

Franklin 

Casey 

Scott... 

Marshall 

Benton 

Izard 

Shelby 

Deuel 

Seneca 

Autauga 

Big  Stone 

Grant 

Grant 

Rush 

Park 

Park 

Marshall 

Winston 

Stanly 

Middlesex 

Whatcom 

Gladwin 

Christian 

Yellowstone 

Yellowstone 

Harrison 

Harrison 

Fayette „ 

Hancock 

Soniei^et 

Clinton 

Huron 

Leelanaw 

Siieridan„ 

Orange 

Potter 

Salt  Lake 

Broome 

Broome 

Barnes. , 


Population. 


1880.      189U. 


168 
1,481 
l,l«6 

051 


1,760 
216 

1,395 
2tJl 


I,!)8U 
158 


288 

3K6 

1,C04 

8Xi 

l,36;i 

1,106 

95 

358 

4G4 


1,226 
64U 
29:i 
330 
42» 


1,714 

9'J 

1,261 

3,069 


1,053 


672 
1,135 

549 
3,562 
3,125 
2,135 

875 
17,791 

903 
1,308 

240 

450 


1,412 
1,463 


1,072 


377 
471 

1,069 
623 

1,981 


2,048 
""227 


376 

277 


2,000 


144 
129 


2,0fil 
1,540 

42 

828 
3,602 

969 
1,333 


1,901 
832 
1,022 
2,565 
17,317 


206 

1,721 

1,271 
734 
9:^7 

1,818 
408 

1,450 

44< 

6:i 

1,687 

222 

16 

474 

677 

1,461 
806 

1,196 
929 
671 
487 
447 
382 
2»7 

1,471 
424 
4811 
674 
641 

1,841 

1,088 
69 

1,222 

19,31)2 

84 

39 

1,284 
801 
389 
445 
591 
655 

5,30:i 

2,450 

1,892 

954 

27,644 

808 

1,33;^ 
731 
415 
273 
323 

1,960 

1,225 
304 

1,047 

1,203 
369 
262 
380 
427 

1,015 
244 

1,964 
360 
265 
744 
471 
428 
491 
265 
484 

l,44;j 
317 

2,380 
293 
25;$ 
464 
941 
836 

3,819 

3,2:H 
178 
113 
757 

4,2.52 

1,.'J48 

719 

64 

1,965 
877 

1,101 

1,519 

35,005 

135 


Name  of  place  and 
•tate. 


Birch,  W.Va. 

Biich  Bay,  Wash 

Birch  Cuoley,  Minn 

Birch  Creek,  Mont 

Birch  Creek,  Va. 

Birchdale,  Minn 

Birth  Run,  Mich 

Birch  Tree,  Mo 

Birch  Tree,  Mo 

Bird,  Ark 

Bird,  III 

Bird  City,  Kan 

Bird  City,  Kan 

Bird  Island,  Minn 

Bird  Island,  Minn 

Birdsall,  N.Y 

Birdsborough,  Pa 

Birdsoye,  Ind 

Birdwood,  Nob 

Birmingham,  Ala 

Birmingham,  Col 

Birniinghuin,  Conn 

Birniinglmm,  III 

Birmingham,  Iowa 

Birmingham,  Ky 

Birmingham,  Ky 

Birmingham,  Mich 

Bimiingham,  Mo 

Birmingham,  Pa 

Birmingham,  Pa 

Birmingham,  Pa 

Birnamwood,  Wis 

Birtsell,  N.D 

Bisbee,  Ariz 

BIkIiop,  Ala 

Bishop,  Cal 

Bishop,  HI 

Bishop  Hill,  III 

Bishop  Mill,  Ky 

Bishopvillo,  Md 

Bishopville,  S  C 

Bishopville,  S.C 

Bismarck,  Ark 

Bismarck,  Mich 

Bismarck,  Minn 

Bismarck,  Mo 

Bismarck,  Neb 

llismarck.  Neb 

Bismarck,  N.D 

Bismarck,  N.D 

Bismarck,  Pa 

Bivens,  Tex 

Black,  Ga 

Black,  Ind 

Black,  Pa 

Blackankle,  Ga 

Blackberry,  III 

Blackberry,  Kv 

Blackbird,  Del 

Blackbird,  Del 

Blackbird,  Neb 

Black  Bluff,  Ala 

Black  Bluff,  Ala 

Black  Brook,  N.Y 

Blark  Brook,  Wis 

Blackliurn,  Ala 

Blackburn,  Mo 

Black  Butte,  Ore 

Black  Creek,  Miss 

Black  Creek,  Mo 

Black  Creek,  N.C 

Black  Creek,  N.C 

Black  Creek,  0 

Black  Creek,  Pa 

Black  Creek,  S.C 

Black  Creek,  Va 

Black  Creek,  Wis 

Black  Diamond,  Wash.. 

Black  Dirt.  Fla 

Black  Earth,  Wis 

Black  Earth,  Wis 

RIackfish,  Ark 

Blackfoot,  Idaho 

Black  Fork,  Ark 

Black  Fork,  W.Va. 

Black  Hall,  Ga 

Black  Hammer,  Minn.. 

Black  Hawk,  Col 

Black  Hawk,  HI 

Black  Hawk,  Iowa 

Black  Hawk,  Iowa 

Black  Hawk,  Iowa. 

Black  Hawk,  La 

Black  Hawk,  N.M 

Black  Jack,  N.C 

Black  Jack  Grove,  Tex 


Bank  of 
place. 


ina0.<list 

(KMt-prect 

post-twp 

precinct 

mag  -dist 

township 

|M>st-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-bo  ro' 

post-town 

post-prect 

city 

post-prect 

post-bo  ro' 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

postvill 

post-town 

township 

township 

post  boro' 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

village 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

city 

post-vill 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-prect 

hundred 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

jxjst-town 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

beat 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 


County. 


Braxton 

Whatcom 

Renville 

Beaver  Head... 

Halifax 

Totld 

Saginaw 

Shannon 

Shannon 

Jackson 

Macoupin , 

Cheyenne 

Cheyenne 

Renville 

Renville 

Alleghany 

Berks 

Dubois 

Lincoln 

Jefferson 

Huerfano 

New  Haven...., 

Schuyler 

Van  Buren , 

Marshall , 

Marshall , 

Oakland 

Clay 

Chester , 

Delaware 

Huntingdon 

Shawano , 

Foster 

Cochise 

Jackson 

Inyo 

EfHngham 

Henry 

Marshall 

Worcester 

Sumter 

Sumter 

Hot  Spring 

Presque  Isle.... 

Sibley 

Saint  Fran9ois.- 

Cuming 

Platte 

Burleigh.„ 

Burleigh 

Lebanon 

Cass 

Dawson 

Posey 

Somerset 

Upson 

Kane.~ 

Pike 

New  Castle. 

New  Castle 

Thurston 

Sumter 

Wilcox 

Clinton 

Polk 

Lauderdale 

Saline 

Crook 

Perry 

Shelby 

Wilson 

Wilson 

Mercer 

Luzerne 

Lexington 

New  Kent 

Outagamie 

King. 

Levy 

Dane 

Dane 

Saint  Francis... 

Bingham 

Scott 

Tucker 

Fulton 

Houston 

Gilpin 

Rock  Island.... 
Black  Hawk.... 

Grundy 

Jefferson 

Concordia 

Grant 

Richmond 

Hopkins , 


Population. 


2,139 


681 


6,062 
2li6 

1,600 
609 


2,428 
1,004 


537 

289 

890 

1,705 


3,086 


3,026 

1,074 

615 

1,12(: 

224 
733 


503 
739 
231 


169 

915 

350 

1,628 


2,309 
144 


100 
261 
286 


1,758 
340 


492 
7,028 


1,321 

1,212 

485 

1,77K 

58 


757 
2,189 
3,305 

722 


214 


777 
2,074 
1,700 

129 
1,441 
1,057 

743 
1,246 
1,285 


245 


312 

429 
3,14(1 

859 
1,540 
1,422 

887 
1,148 
1,008 


1,388 
193 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880   AND   1890   COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Black  Lake,  N.M 

Blackland,  Ark 

Black  Lick,  Pa 

Black  Lick,  Pa 

Black  Lick,  Va 

Black  Loam,  N.D 

Blackmail,  Mich 

Black  Mountain,  N.C... 

Black  Oak,  Iowa 

Black  Oak,  Mo 

Black  Pine,  Mont 

Black  Pond,  Ala 

Black  River,  Alaska 

Black  Kiver,  Ark 

Black  River,  Ark 

Black  River,  Mich 

Black  River,  Minn 

Black  River,  Mo 

Black  River,  Mo 

Black  Kiver,  Mo 

Black  Kiver,  N.C 

Black  River,  N.C 

Black  River,  0 

Black  River,  S.C 

Black  River  Falls,  Wis. 

Black  Rock,  Ark 

Black  Rock,  Ark 

Black  Rock,  Ga 

Blacksbury,  S.C 

Blacksburg,  Va 

Blackshear,  Ga 

Blackstock,  Ga 

Black  Stocks,  S.C 

Blackstoiie,  Mass 

Blackstone,Va 

Black  Swunip,  Ala 

Blacktail,  Mout 

Blackville,  S.C 

Blackville,  S.C 

Black  Walnut,  Va 

Blackwater,  Ky 

Blackwater,  Mo 

Blackwater,  Mo 

Blackwater,  Mo 

Blackwater,  Va 

Blackwater,  Va 

Blackwater,  Va 

Blackwell,  Ga 

Black  Wolf,  Wis 

Blackwood,  Neb 

Blackwood,  Neb 

Bladenborongh,  N.C... 

Bladcnsliurg,  Md 

Bladeiisliurg,  Md 

Bladen  Springs,  Ala 

Blain,  Pa 

Blaine,  Iowa 

Blaine,  Iowa 

Blaine,  Kan 

Blaine,  Kan 

Blaine,  Kan 

Blaine,  Kan 

Blaiue,  Kan 

Blaine,  Kan 

Blaine,  Me 

Blaine,  Mich 

Blaine,  Mich 

Blaine,  Minn 

Blaine,  Neb 

Blaine,  Neb 

Blaine,  Neb 

Blaine,  Neb 

Blaine,  Neb 

Blaine,  Neb 

Blaine,  Neb 

Blaine,  Neb 

Blaine,  S.D 

Blaiue,  S.D 

Blaine,  S.D 

Blaine,  Wash 

Blaine,  Wash 

Blaine  City,  Pa 

Blair,  III 

Blair,  III 

Blair,  Mich 

Blair,  Neb 

Blair,  Neb 

Blair,  Pa 

Blair  City,  Neb 

Blair  Creek,  Mo 

Blairsbnrg,  Iowa 

Blairstown,  Iowa 

Blairstown,  N.J 

Blairsville,  Ga 

Blaiisville.Ga 

Blairsville,  Pa 


Bank  of 
place. 


precinct 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

village 

precinct 

village 

township 

townsliip 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

niil.-dist 

post-tow  n 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-twp 

district 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

city 

village 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-boro' 


County. 


Colfax 

Howard 

Cambria 

Indiana 

Wythe 

La  Moure.... 

Jackson 

Buncombe.... 

Mahaska 

Caldwell 

Deer  Lodge.. 
Winston 


Independence  .. 

Lawrence 

Alcona. 

Polk 

Butler 

Reynolds 

Wayne 

Cumberland.... 

Harnett 

Lorain 

Georgetown 

Jackson 

Lawrence 

Lawrence 

Fayette 

York 

Montgomery.... 

Pierce 

Catoosa 

Cliester 

Worcester 

Nottoway 

Winston 

Beaver  Head.... 

Barnwell 

Barnwell 

Halifax 

Morgan 

Cooper 

Pettis 

Saline 

Franklin 

Prince  George.. 

Surry 

Jasper 

Winnebago 

Hayes 

Hitchcock 

Bladen 

Prince  George's 
Prince  George's 

Choctaw 

Perry 

Ida 

Wright 

Clay 

Harper 

Lane 

Marion 

Ottawa 

Smith 

Aroostook 

Benzie 

Crawford 

Anoka 

Adams 

Antelope 

Cuming 

Dawson 

Kearney 

Nuckolls 

Pierce 

Rock 

Clark 

Jerauld 

Sully 

Whatcom 

Whatcom 

Clearfield 

Clay 

Randolph 

Traverse 

Washington 

Washington 

Blair 

Washington 

Shannon 

Hamilton 

Benton 

Warren 

Union 

Union 

Indiana 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


1,139 

6«7 

924 

3,019 


1,504 

699 

1,189 

82 


1,650 
1,466 

182 


759 

567 

6;i5 

1,085 

643 

1,937 

2,6;« 

1,427 


423 

145 

4,049 

778 

625 

2,345 

4,907 


3,673 

684 

4,625 

1,126 

646 

1,339 

1,230 

2,572 

1,618 

1,767 

668 


946 
2,034 
466 
573 
270 
372 
231 


646 
244 


983 

720 

543 

2,197 

1,317 

1,094 


187 
263 
652 

1,458 
541 
101 

1,162 


183 

869 
624 

m> 

3,466 

148 

1,713 

988 

1,013 

57 

244 

626 

125 

1,937 

949 

526 

262 

725 

686 

1,075 

1,487 

7i;2 

5,319 

1,656 

2,261 

1,490 

761 

375 

1,249 

3,769 

656 

8\;5 

2,602 

6,138 

580 

1,148 

164 

4,240 

962 

4,476 

1,444 

884 

1,170 

1,330 

2,332 

1,033 

2,050 

561 

837 

282 

289 

1,279 

2,6.-)5 

603 

440 

249 

Tin 

865 

748 

388 

299 

355 

437 

668 

784 

346 

51 

205 

622 

322 

648 

365 

446 

62:1 

185 

218 

310 

376 

60 

1,563 

l,.'.a3 

534 

1,025 

602 

676 

1,44:5 

2,069 

1,143 

2,069 

207 

630 

683 

1,662 

672 

114 

3,126 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Rank  of 

place. 


Blake,  S.C 

Blake,  Utah 

I!lakeIey,Kan 

Blakeley,  Neb 

Blakeley,  Wash.... 

Blakely,  Ga 

Blakely,  Ga , 

Blakely,  Minn 

Blakely,  Pa 

Blake's  Mills,  C... 

Blalock,  Ore 

Blanchard,  Iowa.. 

Blanchard,  Me 

Blanchard,  Mich.. 
Blanchard,  N.D.... 

Blanchard,  0 

Blanchard,© 

Blanchard,  0 

Blanchard,  Wis... 

Blanchester,  0 

Blanco,  Tex 

Bland,  Va 

Blandford,  Mass... 
Blandinsville,  HI.. 
Blandinsville,  III.. 

Blandville,  Ky 

Blandville,  Ky 

B'ansett,  Ark , 

Blasingame,  Ga.... 

BIcecker,  N.Y 

Blendon,  Mich 

Blendon,  0 

Blendon,  S.D 

Blendon,  Va 

Blenheim,  N.V 

Blinsmon,  S.D 

Bliss,  Idaho 

Bliss,  Mich 

Blissheld,  Mich..... 
Blifsficld,  Mich..... 

Blissville,  III 

Blitzen,  Ore , 

Blocker,  Ala 

Blocker,  S.C 

Blocton,  Ala 

Bloden,  Cal 

Blom,  S.D 

Bloodworth,  Ga 

Bloom,  III 

Bloom,  Kan 

Bloom,  Kan 

Bloom,  Kan 

Bloom,  Minn 

Bloom,  0 

Bloom,  0 

Bloom,  0 

Bloom,  0 

Bloom,  0 

Bloom,  Pa 

Bloom,  Pa 

Bloom,  Wis 

Bloomer,  Ark 

Bloomer,  Mich 

Bloomer,  Minn 

Bloomer,  Wis 

Bloomer,  Wis 

Bloomery,  W.  Va... 
Bloomfield,  Ark.... 

Bloomfield,  Cal 

Bloomfield,  Conn... 

Bloomfield,  III 

Bloomfield,  Ind 

Bloomfield,  Ind 

Bloomfield,  Iowa.., 
Bloomfield,  Iowa.., 
Bloomfield,  Iowa... 
Bloomfield,  Iowa... 
Bloomfield,  Iowa... 
Bloomfield,  Kan.... 
Bloomfield,  Kan..., 

Bloomfield,  Ky 

Bloomfield,  Mich.., 
Bloomfield,  Mich.., 
Bloomfield,  Mich... 
Bloomfield,  Mich... 
Bloomfield,  Minn.. 

Bloomfield,  N.J 

Bloomfield,  N.M..., 

Bloomfield,  0 

Bloomfield,  0 

Bloomfield,© 

Bloomfield,  0 

Bloomfield,  Pa 

Bloomfield,  Pa 

Bloomfield,  Pa 

Bloomfield,  Vt , 


township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

village 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-twp 

borough 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

liost-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

IKist-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

village 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

borough 

township 


County. 


Colleton 

Emery : 

Geary 

Gage 

KitKap 

Early 

Early 

Scott 

Lackawanna  .. 

Tuscarawas 

Gilliam 

Page 

Piscataquis 

Isabella 

Traill 

Hancock 

Hardin 

Putnam 

Lafayette 

Clinton 

Blanco 

Prince  George. 

Hampden 

McDonough.... 
McDonough.... 

Ballard 

Ballard 

Scott 

Walton 

Fulton 

Ottawa 

Franklin 

Davison 

Nottoway 

Schoharie 

Moody , 

Logan 

Emmet 

Lenawee 

Lenawee  , 

Jefferson 

Harney 

Tuscaloosa 

Edgefield 

Bibb 

San  Diego 

Deuel 

Wilkinson 

Cook 

Clay 

Ford 

Osborne 

Nobles 

Fairfield 

Morgan 

Scioto 

Seneca 

Wood 

Clearfield 

Columbia 

Richland 

Sebastian 

Montcalm 

Marshall 

Chippewa 

Chippewa 

Hampshire 

Benton 

Nevada 

Hartford 

Johnson 

Greene 

[.a  Grange 

Clinton 

Davis 

Davis 

Polk 

Winneshiek 

Mitchell 

Sheridan 

Nelson 

Huron 

Isaliella 

Oakland 

Missaukee 

Fillmore 

E-sex 

San  Juan 

Jackson 

Jefferson 

Logan 

Trumbull 

Bedford 

Crawford 

Perry 

Essex 


Population. 


2,521 


679 


1,610 
279 
799 
871 


1,286 

2,-128 

1,787 

622 

776 

246 

2,20x 

979 

1,776 


20,16 
476 
669 

1,477 

1,046 
785 

2,185 


3,306 
1,191 


192 
2,354 
1,222 

964 

98 

1,004 

1,281 


1,517 

1,431 

762 


626 

83 

2,179 

898 
2,211 
2,162 
2,022 

443 
3,702 
1,358 


2,074 


1,278 

3(4 
1,.'>.37 

102 
1,229 
1,346 
1,349 

988 
2,567 
1,403 
2,726 
1,531 
1,606 
1,010 

624 


1,837 
329 
292 

l,9,V,i 
7f> 
885 

6,748 


1,557 
175 
896 
836 
863 

1,491 
673 
627 

61 


3,106 
376 
320 

774 
643 

2,616 
441 
857 
.2,452 
390 
222 
432 
213 
219 
576 

1,276 

2,169 

1,688 
050 

1,196 
269 

2,033 
871 

1,696 
877 

1,1.39 
372 
687 

1,630 
816 

1,291 

2,322 
318 

3,207 

9.n 

459 
141 

202 

2,137 

1,132 

996 

279 

1,024 

1,252 

2,709 

82 

312 

1,003 

1,614 

837 

86 

604 

175 

2,0;i5 

920 

2,337 

2,006 

3,334 

364 

4,636 

1,361 

1,056 

2,182 

259 

1,720 

631 

1,683 

89 

1,097 

1,308 

1,600 

1,229 

2,966 

1,413 

1,913 

1,913 

701 

1,005 

671 

196 

1,892 

692 

495 

2,044 

169 

849 

7,708 

144 

1,122 

173 

868 

794 

913 

1,307 

737 

827 


CmKS,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 


niBeM,  Vt 

Woumarld,  Wla. 

Uluumnoia,  Wi*..^. 

BlooiiiiiiK,  Iii«l 

Biooiiiiiig,  N.l> 

BkHiniiiiKbunc,  0 

BioomlBgilKle,  AU 

Bl•ol»ln|(dal^  III 

MuominrUle,  III 

lUoomlngiUls,  Ind 

Biooniingdale,  Ulcli.... 
Btoominidale,  Mich.... 
Btooniing  Orore,  Ind... 
Moomlng  GroTr,  Minn. 
lUooming  GroTe.  N.Y... 

Blooniing  Grove,  0 

Blooiniiig  Grove,  Pa-... 
BltKiniiiiK  Grove,  Trx... 
Hluuiiiiiig  Grove,  Wis... 
liltHiiii'tt  I'niirie,  Minn., 
lilooni'g  Pruirie,  Miun.. 

Ulouniiiigtun,  Iilaliu 

IlliHiinington,  III 

BlooniingtoD,  III 

BlooniiiictDn,  Ind 

Blooniington,  Ind 

Bluomingtun,  Iowa 

Blooniingtun,  luwa 

Uluoniington,  Kan 

Blooniington,  Ky 

Uluoniington,  Hcl 

Blooniington,  Md 

BliM>niing(on,  Miun 

Blooniington,  Mo 

Blooniington,  Neb 

Blooniington,  Neb 

Blooniington,  N.J 

Blooniington,  Utah 

BI(K>niiu^ton,  \Vis 

Blooniington,  Wi* 

Blooming  Valley,  Fa... 

Blooniville,  0 

BloM,  Pa. 

Bloeoburg,  Aln 

Bloesi'urg,  N.M 

BioMburg,  N.M 

Bloesburg,  Pa 

Bkiesoni,  Tex 

Blount,  III 

Blount  Springs, itc,  .\la 
lllnuntstown,  (tc,  Kla.. 

Bloiintsville,  Ala 

Blouutsville,  Ala 

Blountville,  Tenn 

Blowt-rg,  Minn 

Blowing  Ilock,  N.C 

Blue,  Kan 

Blue,  Mo 

Blue  Ball,  Ky 

Bluelierry,  Minn 

Blue  Cane,  Ark 

Blue  Creek,  Gh _ 

Blue  Cieek,  Ind 

Blue  Creek,  Neb 

Blue  Creek,  0 

Blue  Enrlh  City,  Minn 
Blue  l':arth  City,  Miiiu 

Blue  Eye,  Ala 

Bluefield,  W.  Va 

Blue  Grass,  Iowa 

Blue(;ra»»,  N.D 

Blue  Grass,  Va 

Blue  Hill,  Kan 

Blue  Hill,  Me 

Blue  Hill,  Minn 

Blnollill,  Neb 

Blue  Island,  III 

Blue  I.4ike,  Micli 

Blue  Mound,  III 

Blue  Mound,  HI 

Blue  Mound,  III 

Blue  Mound,  Kan 

Blue  Moiinil,  Kan 

Blue  Mound,  Mo 

Blue  tlounil.  Mo 

Blue  Mounds,  Minn 

Blue  Mounds,  Wis 

Blue  Mountain,  Ark.... 

Blue  Pond.  Ala 

Blue  Rapids,  Kan 

Blue  Rapids,  Kan 

Blue  Rapids  Citr,  Kan 

Blue  Ridge,  Ark 

Blue  Ridge,  Ga 

Blue  Ridge,  Ga 

Blue  Bidge,  Ga...„.....„ 

02 


Bank  of 

|ll«C«. 


villafce 

tuwDihlp 

towusltip 

township 

township 

pMl-vill 

prvdDct 

township 

|HMt-Vill 

post- town 

tuwnslilp 

postviU 

pust-twp 

township 

poet-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-vlll 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

city 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

district 

jxist-vUl 

|x>8t-lwp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

borough 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

poBt-vill 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-twp 

|)08t-prect 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

towuKhip 

mil.-di8t 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

inag.-d  St 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-Till 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

precintt 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

niil.-dist 

niiL-dist 


<)u«nt7. 


Em*x 

Walworth 

Waushara-... 

riauklin 

Grand  forks. 

ITayette 

Chant  ben...., 

Pu  Page 

DuPage 

Parke 

Van  Buren... 
Van  Buren... 

Krankllu 

Waseca 

Orange 

Richland 

Pike 

Navarro 

Pane 

Steele 

Steele 

Bear  Lake.... 

McLean 

McLean 

Monroe 

Monroe 

Decatur 

MuKcatiue. ... 

Butler  

Magoffin 

Garrett 

Garrett , 

Hennepin 

Buchanan 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Somei'set. 

Washington. 

Grant 

Grant. 

Crawford 

Seneca 

Tioga 

Jefferson 

Colfax 

Colfax 

Tioga 

Lamar 

Vermilion 

Blount 

Calhoun 

Blount 

Blount 

Sullivan 

Otter  Tail 

Watauga 

Pottawatomie... 

•lackaon , 

Claik 

Wadena 

Gn-eno 

White 

Adams 

Oeuel 

Paulding.... 
K«ribault.... 
Faribault.... 
Talladega.. . 

Mercer 

Scott 

Morton 

Highland.... 

Mitchell 

Hancock 

Sherliurne.., 

Welwter 

Cook 

Muskegon... 

McLean 

Macon. 

Macon.. 

Linn 

Linn 

Livingston . 

Vernon 

Poiie 

Dane 

Stone 

DeKalh 

Marshall 

Marshall.... 

Marshall 

Howard 

Fannin 

Tattnall. 

White 


Population. 


1880.      1800, 


1,007 

l,!t84 

762 


626 
1,274 
1,433 

na 

36S 

1,769 

21)2 

762 

807 

2,444 

1,181 

472 

79 

027 

662 

338 


14,476 
17,180 
994 
2,766 
498 
0,6:51 

693 
810 

1,637 
341 
819 

1,606 


624 
671 
St, 

1,229 
4<l3 
232 
689 

2,814 


2,140 

639 

1,910 


222 

317 

15 

3;i9 

74:^ 

6,983 

2.067 


169 
637 
931 


616 

621 

1,066 

1,8.34 


1,487 


1,667 
449 

2,213 
2.06 
138 

1,542 
307 

1,116 

1,204 
632 
911 


l,26i< 
7:H4 
316 

1,009 
860 


1,139 

829 

1,299 


4.14 

1,197 

1,278 
664 
442 
638 

1,66:1 

1,497 
463 
431 

1,962 
380 
664 
847 

2,2:{6 

1,022 
361 
176 
999 
686 
308 
612 
19,743 
20,484 
996 

4,018 
678 
747 
665 

1,426 

1,062 
296 
969 

1,357 

1,217 

464 

801 

63 

1,174 
587 
200 
758 

2,650 
692 

1,171 
829 

2,568 
095 

l,8:i6 

1,483 
438 

1,021 
288 
224 
216 
602 
73" 
10.533 

4,298 

99 

414 

462 

1,212 
209 

2,243 
662 

1,569 

2,3'.4 

1,775 

l,3:«l 
294 

1,762 
422 

1,980 
280 
796 

2,521 
1:H! 

1,057 

1,183 
696 

1,732 
689 

1,036 
9C3 
66.5 

1,449 

1,2(10 
802 

1,378 
005 

1,477 
298 
iCA 
6.50 
299 


Kame  of  place  and 
■tate. 


Bine  nidge,  III 

Blue  Ridge,  N.C 

Blue  Ridge,  N.C 

Blue  River,  Ind  

Blue  River,  Ind 

Blue  River,  Ind 

Blue  River,  Ind 

Blue  Rock,  0 

Blue  Spring,  Ga 

Blue  Spring)),  Ga 

Blue  Springs,  Mo 

Blue  Springs,  Nel 

Blue  Springs,  Nub 

Blue  Springs,  N.C 

Blue  Springs,  Tenn 

Blue  Stone,  Va 

Blue  Sulphur,  W.  Va  .. 

Blue  Valley,  Kan 

Bluff,  Ga 

BluH,  III 

Blufl,  Kan 

Bluff,  Kan 

Bluff,  Neb 

Bluff,  Utah 

Bluff  City,  Tenn 

Bluff  Creek,  Iowa 

Bluffdale,  III 

Bluffdale,  Utah 

Bluff  Port,  Ala 

Bluffs,  III 

Bluff  Springs,  III 

Bluffton,  Ala 

Bluffton,  Ark 

Bluffton,  Gu 

Bluffton,  Ga.  

Bluffton,  Ind 

Bluffton,  Iowa 

Bluffton,  Mini 

Bluffton,  O 

Bluffton,  S.C 

Bluffton,  S.C 

Blnmfleld,  Mich 

Blunt,  S.D 

Blunt,  S.D 

BIyih.e,  Ark 

Biyihe,  Ark 

Blythe,  Pa 

Board  llead,  Kla 

Boardman,  Iowa 

Boardniun,  Mich 

Boardman,  O 

Boardtown,  Ga 

Boca,  Cal 

Bodarc,  Neb 

Bodcaw,  Ark 

Bodega,  Cal 

Bodie,  Cal 

Bodie,  Cal 

Boorne,  Tex 

Bceuf,  Mo 

Bceuf,  Mo 

Bogansville,  S.C 

Bogard,  Ind 

Bogard,  Mo 

Bogard,  Mo 

Boggess,  Ky 

Boggs,  Pa 

Boggs,  Pa 

Boggs,  Pa 

Boggy  Bayou,  Fla 

Bogle,  Mo 

Boguo,  N.t' 

Bogue  Chilto,  Miss 

Bogy,  Ark 

Bohemia,  Mich 

Bolicniiu,  Neb 

Bohemia,  Keb 

Bohnsftck,  N.D 

Boiling  Spring,  Va 

Hoiliiig  Springs,  Ala.... 
Boiling  Springs,  Neb... 
Boiling  Springs,  N.J.... 
Boiling  Springs,  N.C... 
Boiling  Springs,  S.C... 

Bois  Brule,  Mo 

Bois  d'Arc,  Ark 

Boisd'Arc,  III 

Bois6,  Idaho 

Bois6  City.  Idaho 

Boisfort,  Wa8h 

Boke  Creek,  0 

Bolckow,  Mo 

Bold  Springs,  Ala 

Bolt-8,  Mo 

Boley  Springs,  Ala 

Boligee,  Ala. 


Bank  of 

place. 


poot-twp 

|iost-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

mil  -dist 

mil  -di8t 

po8t-tow  n 

town8liip 

post-vill 

township 

civil-(li8t 

mag.-dist 

mug.-dist 

township 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

village 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-town 

|K)8t-tWp 

IKist-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

|>08t-twp 

mil.-dist 

posl-vill 

city 

po8l-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

Iiost-prect 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

|iost-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

mag.-di.st 

township 

towUKliip 

township 

piecinct 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

mag.-dist 

ptist-prect 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-lwp 

township 

township 

precinct 

city 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

I  ost-twp 

precinct 

post-prect 


County. 


Piatt 

Henderson 

Watauga 

Hancock.. 

Harrison 

Henry 

Johnson 

Muitkingum.... 

Harris 

I'ulaxki....- 

Jackson 

Gage 

Gage 

Robeson 

Loudon 

Mecklenburg.. 

Greenbrier 

Pottawatomie.. 

Twiggs 

Monroe 

Hanier 

Sumner 

Hamiltou 

San  Juan 

Sullivan 

Monroe 

Greene 

Salt  Lake 

Sumter 

Scott 

Cass...- 

Chambers 

Yell 

Clay 

Clay 

WelU 

Winneshiek.... 

Olter  Tail 

Allen 

Beaufort 

Beaufort 

Saginaw 

Hughes 

Hughes 

Boone 

Marion.- 

Schuylkill 

Calhoun 

Clayton 

Kalkaska 

Mahoning 

Gilmer 

Nevada 

Sioux 

Hempstead 

Sonoma 

Mono 

Mono 

Kendall „. 

Franklin 

Gasconade 

Union 

Daviess.. ........ 

Carroll 

Henry 

Muhlenberg... 

Armstrong 

Centre 

Clearfield 

Walton 

Gentry 

Columbus 

Lincoln 

Jefferson 

Ontonagon 

Knox 

Saunders 

Traill 

Alleghany 

Wilcox 

Cherry 

Bergen 

Cleveland 

Lexington 

Perry 

Hempstead..-.. 
Montgomery... 

Ada 

Ada 

I.etvis 

Logan 

Andrew 

Shelby 

Franklin 

Fayette 

Greene 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,960 
1,167 

43:< 
1,258 
1,246 

805 
2,714 
1,1H8 
1,624 

888 

129 
1,297 

613 
1.406 

447 
2,257 
1,945 

681 
1,048 

807 


602 
425 
107 
410 
869 


716 
1C2 


1,979 
749 

1,713 
76 

2,354 
8117 
320 

1,290 

2,580 
170 

1,369 


489 

959 

1,049 


1,667 
367 
906 
657 
123 


1,385 
6,001 


346 
3,082 
1,261 
2,232 
1,303 


1,195 

3,664 

1,010 

2,098 

905 

682 

1,431 

1,110 

143 

2,294 


411 

629. 


1,668 


1,306 
892 
1,606 
1,504 
1,230 


1,899 


1,617 
34C 
610 

4,321 
448 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1880   AND   1890   COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
stute. 


Bolinas,  Cal 

Bulivar,  Ark 

Bolivar,  Ark 

Bolivar,  Ind 

Bolivar,  Miss 

Bolivar,  Mo 

Bolivar,  N.Y 

Bolivar,  0 

Bolivar,  Pa 

Bolivar,  Tenii 

Bolivar,  W.Va 

Boliver,  Ala 

Bollinfr,  Ky 

Bolo,  111 

Boltciii,  Conn 

Boltoa,  Kan 

Bollon,  Mass... 

Bolton,  N.Y 

Bolton,  Vt 

Bombay,  N.Y 

Bonanza,  Col 

Bonanza,  Col 

Bonanza,  Idaho 

Bonanza,  Neb 

Bonanza  Bar,  Idaho... 

Bonaparte,  Iowa 

Bonaparte,  Iowa 

Bonars.  Ky 

Bonavillo,  Kan 

Bonbrook,  Va... 

Bond,  111 

Bondin,  Minn 

Bondville,  Neb 

Bone  t'reek.  Neb 

Bone  Gap,  111 

Bone  Lake,  Wis 

Bonfield,]ll 

Bonliani,  Ala 

Bontiam,  Tex 

Bonhoinme.Mo 

Bonilay,  Fla 

Bonilla,  S.D 

Bonito,  N.M 

Bonne  Feinme,  Mo 

Bonne  Terre,  Mo 

Bonny,  Ky 

Bono,  Ind 

Bonpas,  111 

Bonus,  111 

Boomer,  Iowa 

Boon,  Jlicli 

Boone,  Ark 

Boone,  Ark 

Boone,  Ark 

Boone,  111 

Boone,  Ind 

Boone,  Ind 

Boone,  Ind 

Boone,  Ind 

Boone,  Ind 

Boone,  Ind 

Boone,  Ind 

Boone,  Iowa 

Boone,  Iowa 

Boone,  Iowa 

Boone,  Iowa 

Boone,  Iowa 

Boone,  Kan 

Boone,  Mo 

Boone,  Mo 

Boone,  Mo 

Boone,  Mo 

Boone,  Mo 

Boone,  Mo 

Boone,  Mo 

Boone,  Neb 

Boone,  N.C 

Boone,  N.C 

Boone,  N.C 

Booneville,  Ark 

Booneville,  Ky 

Booneville,  Miss 

Boon  Hill,  N.C 

Boon  Lake,  Minn 

Boon  Lick,  Mo 

Boonsborough,  Md 

Boonsborough,  Md 

Boon  Station,  N.C 

Boonton,  N.J 

Boonville,  Ind 

B{)onville,  Mo 

Boonville,  Mo 

Boonville,  N.Y 

Boonville,  N.Y 

Boonville,  N.C 

Booth,  Iowa 


Bank  of 
iplace. 


post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

city 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-town 

town 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

precinrt 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

townnhip 

precinct 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

district 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

townsliip 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 


County. 


Marin 

Jeflferson 

Poinsett 

Benton 

Bolivar.„ 

Polk 

Alleghany 

Tuscarawas 

Westmoreland. 

Hardeman 

.lefferson 

Jackson 

Perry , 

Washington 

Tolland 

Cowley 

Worcester , 

Warren 

Chittenden 

Kranklin 

Saguache 

Saguache 

Custer 

Bixme 

Cassia , 

Van  Buren 

Van  Buren , 

Pendleton 

McPhersou , 

Franklin 

Lawrence 

Murray 

Bed  Willow.... 

Butler , 

Edwards , 

Polk , 

Kankakee , 

Wilcox 

Fannin 

St.  Louis 

Holmes 

Beadle 

Lincoln , 

Howard 

Saint  Francois. 

Morgan 

Lawrence 

Richland 

Boone 

Pottawattamie. 

Wexford 

Columbia 

Logan 

Union 

Boone 

Cass 

Crawford 

Oubois 

Harrison 

Madison 

Porter 

Warrick 

Boone 

Dallas... 

Hamilton 

Hancock 

Wright  

Haskell 

Crawford 

Douglas 

Franklin 

Greene 

Maries 

Texas 

Wright 

Boone 

Davidson 

Watauga 

Watauga 

LogHn 

Owsley 

Prentiss 

Johnston 

Renville 

Howard 

Washington.... 
Washington.... 

Alamance 

Morris 

Warrick 

Cooper 

Cooper 

Oneida 

Oneida 

Vadkin 

Palo  Alto 


Population. 


710 

1,020 

727 

995 


516 
1,0:^9 

664 

B78 
1,043 

822 


775 


512 
1,016 

90:i 
1,132 

674 
1,044 


1,252 

680 
1,662 

424 
2,257 
1,269 

326 


603 


1,904 

1,880 
7,043 


1,786 


488 
1,024 
1,246 
1,102 

870 

116 
1,111 
1,264 

800 
1,429 
1,440 

699 
1,138 
2,097 
1,.308 
1,479 
4,668 
3,330 

938 
2,813 


209 


1,117 

482 

2,221 

2,160 

891 

399 

984 

38: 

1.524 

1,289 

167 

27.i 

1,470 

6o: 

2,28:i 

454 

2,008 

2,262 

a59 

1,1.50 

2,682 

1,182 

5,605 

3,8,54 

3,996 

1,677 

l,lt-3 


366 
1,643 
1,302 
1,087 

102 
1,485 
2,2:i3 

675 

410 
1,100 

804 
1,034 
1,0.51 
1,107 

452 
1,603 

827 
1,387 

547 
1,496 

118 
96 

166 

364 

60 

1,233 

762 
1,377 

329 
2,314 
1,458 

318 

325 

781 

981 
62 

150 

853 
3,361 
6,952 

3S3 

190 

359 
1,058 
3,719 

631 
1,021 
1,331 
1,015 

914 

764 
1,014 
1,7:J5 

704 
1,474 
1,680 

746 
1,2.56 
1,961 
1,336 
1,357 
5,452 
6,520 

766 
2,829 

245 

348 

96 

1,271 

949 
2,734 
2,923 
1,1.56 

525 
1,043 

479 
],,53l 
1,471 

144 

496 
1,794 

748 
2,6.50 

678 
1,632 
1,883 

706 
1,240 
3,307 
1,881 
5,714 
4,141 
3,509 
1,613 
1,.391 

240 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Boothbay,  Me 

Bootlibav  Harbor,  Me... 

Booth  Creek,  W.  Va 

Bordeaux,  Neb 

Bordeaux,  S.C 

Borden,  Ala 

Borden  Shaft,  Md 

Dordentown,  N.J 

Bordentown,  N.J 

Border,  Kan 

Bordley,  Ky 

Borka.Alas 

Borona,  Cal 

Borough,  Pa 

BoBcawen,  N.H 

BoBcobel,  Wis 

Boscobel,  Wis 

Boshart,  Ala 

Bosque  Seca,  N.M 

Bosquecito,  N.M 

Bossier  City,  La 

Boston,  Ark 

Boston,  Ark 

Boston,  Ark 

Boston,  Ark 

Boston,  Ga 

Boston,  Ga 

Boston,  Ind 

Boston,  Ind 

Boston,  Ky 

Boston,  Ky 

Boston,  Ky 

Boston,  Ky 

Boston,  Mass 

Boston,  Mich 

Boston,  N.Y 

Boston,  0 

Boston,  0 

Bostwick,  Col 

Bostwick,  Neb 

Boswell,  Ind 

Boswell,  Ky 

Botland,  Ky 

Bottineau,  N.D 

Boudre,  III 

Boughton,  Ark 

Boulder,  Col 

Boulder,  Col 

Boulder,  Iowa 

Boulder,  Mont 

Boulder  Creek,  Cal 

Boulware,  Mo 

Boundary  Camp,  Alas.. 

Bound  Brook,  N.J 

Bountiful,  Utah 

BourboLs,  Mo 

Bourbon,  III 

Bourbon,  Ind 

Bourbon,  Ind 

Bourbon,  Mo 

Bourbon,  Mo 

Bourbon,  Mo 

Bourbonnais,  111 

Bourne,  Mass 

Bourneville,  0 

Bovina,  Col 

Bovina,  N.Y 

Bovina,  Wis 

Bow,  N.H 

Bow  Creek,  Kan 

Bow  Creek,  Kan 

Bow  Creek,  Kan 

Bowdle,  S.D 

Bowdoin,  Me 

Bowdoinham,  Me 

Bowdon,  Ga 

Bowdon,  Ga 

Bowdre,  III 

Bowen,  Ark 

Bowen,  III 

Bowen,  Neb 

Bowen,  N.D 

Bowersville,  Ga 

Bowie,  Ark 

Bowie,  Ark 

Bowie,  Md 

Bowie,  Tex 

Bowlan,  Mo 

Bowlesville,  111 

Bowling,  111 

Bowling  Green,  Fla 

Bowling  Green,  Ga 

Bowling  Green,  111 

Bowling  Green,  Ind 

Bowling  Green,  Ky 

Bowling  Green,  Ky 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-town 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

l)ost-town 

precinct 

district 

township 

city 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

liamlet 

precinct 

townsliip 

post-town 

townsliip 

city 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

mil.-diKt 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

mng.-dist 

mag.-dist 

village 

precinct 

city 

township 

post-town 

village 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

city 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

hamlet 

post-lioro' 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-jirect 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

district 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

city 


County. 


Lincoln 

Lincoln 

Taylor 

Dawes 

Abbeville.... 
Cleburne.... 
Alleghany.. 
Burlington. 
Burlington. 

Stanton 

Union 


San  Diego 

Beaver 

Merrimack.... 

Grant 

Grant 

Marshall 

Donna  Ana... 

Socorro 

Bossier 

Franklin 

Madison 

Newton 

Washington.. 

Thomas 

Thomas 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Daviess 

Nelson 

Pendleton 

Whitley 

Suffolk 

Ionia 

Erie 

Clermont 

Summit 

Larimer 

Nuckolls . 

Benton 

Graves 

Nelson 

Bottineau 

Douglas 

Nevada 

Boulder 

Boulder 

Linn 

Jefferson 

Santa  Cruz... 
Gasconade.... 


3,.591 
366 
936 
13' 

1,614 

1,435 
20" 

1,456 
362,  S39 

2,214 

1,017 
307 

1,221 


Somerset 

Davis 

Gasconade 

Douglas 

Marshall 

Marshall 

Boone 

Calloway 

Kn»x 

Kankakee 

Barnstable 

Ross 

Lincoln 

Delaware 

Outagamie 

Merrimack 

Phillips 

Rooks 

Sheridan 

Edmunds......  . 

Sajjadahoc 

Sagadahoc 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Douglas 

Madison 

Hancock 

Sioux 

Sargent 

Hart 

Chicot 

Desha 

Prince  George' 

Montague 

Shannon 

Gallatin 

Rock  Island.... 

De  Soto 

Oglethorpe 

Favette 

Clay.... 

Warren 

Warren 


Population. 


3,575 
'i",565 


2,749 
742 


5,334 
4,258 


1,050 


376 
1,381 
1,616 
1,428 

712 


220 
6.52 
92 


330 
1,294 


1,620 
921) 


3,009 
1,027 


1,074 


934 
1,076 
1,076 
1,461 
3,199 
1,056 
2,8:i2 
1,683 

800 
1,589 


20( 


1,022 
690 
734 
479 
331 


1,136 

1,081 

1,172 

333 

1,020 

977 

289 


694 
1,612 


239 
730 
850 


1,162 
1,447 
572 
8,981 
5,114 


1,718 
1,699 
l,66:t 
3,59 
3,261 

mi 
i,ooa 

6,09(1 

4,232 

114 

1,165 

57 

30 

409 

1,487 

1,693 

1,579 

851 

2.5.1 

71 

203 

397 

98a 

821 

680 

3,375 

649 

833 

14a 

1,699 

93T 

Hi 

?  1,500 

448,477 

1,9411 

1,278 

293 

1,27;4 

263 

369 

663 

1,318 

847 

145 

1,890 

942 

3,647 

3,330 

988 

055 

489 

1,143 

IS 

1,463 

2,433 

1,331 

1,065 

2,948 

1,0C4 

2,856 

1,078 

8:S3 

1,52.1 

l,44fl 

203 

93 

1,007 

603 

725 

373 

198 

265 

428 

940 

1,.50« 

1,758 

3.54 

1,898 

1,263 

!fl9 

298 

1.59 

«75 

1,478 

7C9 

1,681 

1,488 

264 

637 

738 

198 

1,421 

951 

407 

12,278 

7,808 


OITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Xame  of  pUc*  and 
■Uto. 


Bowling  OrevD,  Mo...m 
Bowline  Qrwn,  Mo.-.. 

Bowling  QrMD,  O 

Bowling  OrwD,  O 

Bowling  Green,  0 

Bowling  Green,  Va 

Bowling  Greeu,  Vm 

Bowman,  Ark 

Bownimn,  Ga.....~ 

Bowman,  Mo 

Bowne,  Mich ■ 

Bos.  Mo 

Bosboi-ough,  Blau. 

Boxbullp,  Neb 

Boxbutte,  Neb 

Box  KIder,  C»l 

Box  Killer,  Neb 

Box  Elder.  Utah 

Boxford,  Maa6 

BoxTille,  Ky 

Boxville,  Minn 

Boyce,  La. 

Boyd,  Ala. „ 

Boyd,  Ark 

Boyd,  N.C 

Boyd,  N.D „„.. 

Boyd,  WU , 

Boyden,  Iowa 

Boyd'a  Creek,  Tenn 

Boydton,  Va. 

Boyer,  Iowa 

Boyer,  Iowa 

Boyertown,  Pa 

Boyer  Valley,  Iowa 

Boykin,  Ala. 

Boykins,  Va , 

Boylston,  Blasa , 

BoyUton.  N.Y 

Boyup,  Blich 

Buyiie  Valley,  Mich 

BoyntoD,  111 

Boseman,  Ala 

Bozenian,  Ga , 

Boxeman,  Mont 

Bozeman,  Mont 

Boxrali.  Conn 

Brace,  Neb , 

Braceville,  III 

Bracevilln,  III 

Braceville,  0 

BracketU,  N.O 

Brackettville,  Tex 

Bradduck,  Pa. 

Bradduck,  Pa 

Bradilyville,  Iowa 

Bradford,  Alaska 

Bradford,  Col 

Bradford,  Col 

Bradford,  111 

Bradford,  III 

Bradford,  Iowa„ 

Bradford,  Me 

Bradford,  Maai 

Bradford,  Minn 

Bradford,  Minn 

Bradford,  N.H 

Bradford,  N.Y 

Bradford,  O 

Bimilford,  0 

Bradford,  Pa 

Bradford,  Pa 

Bradford,  Pa 

Bnulford,  Tenn 

Bradford,  Teun 

Bradford,  Vt 

Bradford,  Vt 

Bradford,  Wis 

Brailford»»ille,  Ky 

BradfordsTllle,  Ky 

Bradley,  Ark._ 

Bradley,  Ark... 

Bradley,  f^l , 

Bradley,  111 „ , 

Bradley,  Me 

Bradshaw,  Ark 

Bradsliaw.  Neb 

Bradshaw,  Neb , 

Brady,  Mich... 

Brady,  Mich 

Brady,  0 „ „, 

Brady,  Pa , 

BradV,  Pa 

Brady.  Pa. 

Biady,  Pa. 

Brady,  Pa 

64 


Rank  of 
place. 


towuhip 

townibip 

puel-town 

towuiliip 

township 

po-l-lown 

maD;..diat 

|>o«t-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-tMp 

township 

township 

IKwt-prect 

precinct 

post-prec't 

post-prect 

post-prect 

jiost-town 

niax.-dist 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

towushiii 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

civil^list 

niag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-bo  ro' 

township 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

jx)8t-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

mil.-dlst 

precinct 

city 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

posttwp 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-boro' 

post-town 

village 

post-prect 

precinct 

townsliip 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

village 

post-vill 

township 

township 

city 

civil-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

niag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Chariton 

Pettis 

Pike 

Licking 

Marion 

Wo«h1 , 

Caroline 

Caroline 

Cleveland 

Elbert. , 

Sullivan 

Kent 

Codar. 

Middlesex 

Uoxbutte 

Slieridau 

I^  rimer.  

Red  Willow.... 

liox  Elder 

Essex 

Union 

Marshall 

Uapides 

Cullman 

Lafayette 

Transylvania.. 

Burleigh 

Chipitewa 

Sioux 

Sevier 

Mecklenburg., 

Crawford 

Harrison 

Berks 

Sac 

Dallas 

Southampton.. 

Worcester 

Oswego 

Charlevoix 

Charlevoix 

Tazewell 

Autauga 

Muscogee 

Gallatin 

Gallatin 

New  London... 

Gosper 

Grundy 

Grundy 

Trumbull 

McDowell 

Kinney 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Page 


Huerfano 

Jefferson 

Lee 

Stark 

Chickiisaw.... 

Penobscot 

Essex 

Isanti 

Wilkin 

Merrimack.... 

Steuben 

Darke 

Miami 

ClearBeld 

McKean 

McKean 

Gilison 

Gibson 

Orange 

Orange 

Rock 

Marion 

Marlon 

Ouachita 

Van  Buren.... 

Jlonterey 

Jackson 

Penobscot 

Clay 

York 

York 

Kalamazoo... 

Saginaw 

Williams 

Butler 

Clarion 

Clearfield 

Huntingdon.. 
Lycoming 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,240 
1, 1(16 
1,067 
99: 
1,219 
1,530 
6,7«9 

tm 

609 


1,080 

1,387 

1,700 

319 


2,184 

824 

1,329 


888 

6,163 
292 
9'J6 

1,099 
499 
916 

3,424 
854 

1,283 


451 

840 


2,966 


894 
1,155 


1,906 
278 

1,(119 
461 

1,126 


3,310 
214 


848 

506 

2,297 

1,460 

2,643 

375 


950 
937 
1,372 
1,;«8 
1,702 
2,699 
9,197 
1,229 


1,520 
619 
979 

1,679 
1.5(1 
315 
636 


1,762 
829 
634 


1,4.56 

1,247 

1,985 

772 

258 

1,888 

909 

447 


1,413 

1,U90 

1,564 

864 

1,003 

3,467 

6,1183 

611 

737 

323 

1,768 

1,214 

3,493 

325 

741 

451 

62 

482 

2,139 

865 

1,417 

86 

301 

631 

650 

804 

39 

645 

277 

964 

6,407 

373 

1,470 

1,436 

974 

794 

3,949 

770 

1,081 

460 

609 

802 

346 

5,423 

2,796 

2,143 

1,005 

469 

5,638 

2,150 

972 

489 

1,649 

7,2:«) 

8,561 

176 

166 

130 

175 

720 

604 

2,100 

1,215 

3,720 

468 

109 

810 

765 

1,338 

1,373 

1,981 

3,246 

10,514 

1,098 

222 

1,429 

610 

849 

1,787 

173 

a54 

1,013 

1,106 

2,427 

823 

441 

1,089 

434 

1,410 

1,469 

1,90:', 

729 

2:J7 

1,918 

817 

476 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Brady,  Tex 

Brady  Island,  Neb 

Brady's  Bend,  Pa 

Bragg,  Ark 

Braggadocio,  Mo 

Bragg's,  Ala 

Braidwood.  Ill...._ 

Brainard,  Neb 

Brainard,  S.D 

Brainerd,  Kan 

Brainerd,  Minn 

Braintree,  Mass 

Braintree,  Vt 

Braintrlm,  Pa 

Bramhall,  S.D 

Bmmpton,  N.D 

Uramwell,  W.Va 

Branch,  Mich 

Branch,  Pa 

Brauchburg,  N.J 

Branche,  Ga 

Branchport,  N.Y 

Branchville,  Ala 

Branchville,  S.C 

Branchville,  S.C 

Branciforte,  Cal 

Brandenburg,  Ky 

Brandenburg,  N.D , 

Brandon,  Ala , 

Brandon,  Iowa 

Brandon,  Mich , 

Brandon,  Minn , 

Brandon,  Minn 

Brandon,  Miss 

Brandon,  Miss 

Brandon,  N.Y 

Brandon,  N.Y 

Brandon,  S.D 

Brandon,  Vt 

Brandon,  Va 

Brandon,  Wis 

Branilonville,  W.  Va 

Brandrup,  Minn , 

Brandsvold,  Minn 

Brandt,  S.D 

Brandy  Springs,  Ky 

Brandywine,  Del , 

Braudywine,  Ind 

Brandywine,  Ind 

Brandywine,  Md 

Branford,  C<inn 

Branford,  Fla 

Brannan,  Ala 

Brannan,  Wis 

Brnnnen,  Ala 

Brant,  Mich 

Brant,  N.Y 

Brantford,  Kan 

Brantford,  S.D 

Brantley,  Ga 

Brantley,  Ga 

Brantley,  Tex 

Brashear,  Mo 

Brasher,  N.Y 

Brasher  Falls,  N.Y 

Brassfield,  N.C 

Brasstown,  Ga 

Brasstown,  Ga 

Brasstown,  N.C 

Brasswell,  Ga 

Brattleboro',  Vt 

Brattleboro',  Vt 

Bratton,  0 

Bratton,  Pa 

Braun  Sch'l  H'se,  Tenn. 

Brawley,  Ark 

Bray,  Minn 

Braymer,  Mo 

Brsyton,  Iowa 

Brayton,  Neb 

Braz^-au,  Mo 

Brazil,  Ind 

Brazil,  Ind 

Brazil,  Iowa 

Brazil,  Tenn 

Brazoria,  Tex 

Breaux  Bridge,  La 

Breckenridge,  Ark 

Breckenridge,  Col 

Breckenridge,  Minn.... 
Breckenridge,  Minn.... 

Breckenridge,  Mo 

Breckenridge,  Mo 

Breckenridge,  Tex 

Brecknock,  Pa 

Brecknock,  Fa 


Bank  of 
place. 


poat-town 

liost-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

city 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

city 

post-town 

post-town 

townsliip 

post-twp 

post-twp 

])ost-town 

})08t-twp 

township 
township 
mil.-illst 

|)<>8t-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

beat 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

()OSt-vilI 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

iiundred 

township 

townrihip 

post-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

mil. -diet 

mil.-digt 

post-vill 

l)ost-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil. -diet 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

civil-dist 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

city 

piist-town 

civil-dist 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 


County. 


McCulloch 

Lincoln 

Armstrong 

Ouachita 

Pemiscot 

Lowndes 

Will 

Butler 

Brown 

Butler 

Crow  Wing 

Norfolk 

Orange 

Wyoming 

Hyde 

Sargent 

Mercer 

Mason 

Schuylkill 

Somerset 

Greene 

Yates 

Saint  Clair 

Orangeburg.... 
Orangeburg.... 

Santa  Cruz 

Meade 

Richland 

DeKalb 

Jackson 

0.ikland 

Douglas 

Douglas 

Rankin 

Rankin 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Minnehaha 

Rutland 

Prince  George., 
Fond  du  Lac  .., 

Preston , 

Wilkins 

Polk 

Deuel , 

Garrurd , 

New  Castle , 

Hancock 

Shelby 

Prince  George's 
New  Haven.. 

Suwannee 

Dale 

Price 

ColTee 

Saginaw , 

Erie 

W'ashington., 

Hamlin , 

Marion 

Walton 

Montgomery 

Adair 

Saint  Lawrence 
Saint  Lawrence 

Granville 

Towns 

Union 

Clay , 

Paulding 

Windham 

Windham 

Adams 

Mifflin 

Weakley 

Scott 

Polk 

Caldwell 

Audubon 

Greeley 

Perry 

Clay 

Clay 

Appanoose ... 

Gibson 

Brazoria 

Saint  Martin 

.lackson 

Summit 

Wilkins 

Wilkins 

Caldwell 

Caldwell 

Stephens 

Berks 

Lancaster 


Population. 


1880.      1800. 


11 

69 
2,340 


214 

1,118 

6,624 

01 


1,865 

3,85." 

1,061 

670 


4;j(t 

980 
1,316 
1,009 

271 
1,936 
2,010 

617 


687 


1,080 

1,307 

361 


4,195 
864 
816 


3,280 

1,494 

COl 

107 


2,640 
3,,')4n 
1,216 
1,4()0 
1,807 
3,047 


6:57 

278 

676 

86<J 

1,.527 


1,274 
1,022 


104 
3,578 
613 
2,588 
859 
234 
607 


5,880 
4,471 
1,053 
1,028 
887 
417 


1,570 
4,.34r. 
3,441 


1,105 
076 
44:i 

1,253 


436 


1,704 
777 
497 
92:1 

1.653 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  KETURNS  OF   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Brecksville,  0 

Breda,  Iowa 

Breedsville,  Micli.... 

Breeii,  Mich 

Breese,  III 

Breese,  111 

Breitung,  Mich 

Breitung,  Minn 

Bremen,  Ala , 

Bremen,  Ga 

Bremen,  Ga 

Bremen,  111 

Bremen,  111 

Bremen,  Ind , 

Bremen,  Iowa 

Bremen,  Mo 

Bremen,  0 

Bremond,  Tex , 

Brenham,  Kan 

Brenham,  Tex 

Brenna,  Neb 

Brenna,  N.D 

Brenton,  111 

Brentsville,  Va , 

Brentwood,  N.H , 

Breslaw,  N.Y 

Breton,  Mo 

Bretton,  S.D 

Brevard,  N.C 

Brevard,  N.D... 

Brevort,  Mich 

Brewer,  Ark 

Brewer,  Ark 

Brewer,  Ga.. 

Brewer,  Me 

Brewer,  N.C 

Brewersville,  Ala 

Brewerton,  N.Y 

Brewerville,  III 

Brewiiigton,  S.C 

Brewster,  Mass 

Brewster,  Neb 

Brewton,  Ala 

Biewton,  Ala 

Brexton,  N.D , 

Briar,  Tex  , 

Briar  Creek,  Mo 

Briar  Creek,  Pa 

Briceville,  Tenn , 

Brick,  N.J 

Biick  Store,  Ga , 

Brickville,  Ala , 

Bridge  Creek,  Ark... 
Bridge  Creek,  Ga.... 
Bridge  Creek,  Wis.., 
Bridgehampton,  Mich.. 
Bridgeliampton,  N.Y... 

Bridgeport,  Ala 

Bridgeport,  Cal 

Bridgeport,  Cal 

Bridgeport,  Conn 

Bridgeport,  111 

Bridgeport,  III 

Bridgeport,  Ky 

Bridgeport,  Mich 

Bridgeport,  Mo 

Bridgeport,  0 

Bridgeport,  Ore 

Bridgeport,  Ore 

Bridgeport,  Pa 

Bridgeport,  Pa 

Bridgeport,  Pa 

Bridgeport,  Tenn 

Bridgeport,  Tex 

Bridgeport,  W.  Va 

Bridgeport,  Wis 

Bridges,  Mo 

Bridgeton,  Mich 

Bridgeton,  Mo 

Bridgeton,  N.J 

Bridgeton,  Pa 

Bridgeville,  Del 

Bridgewater,  Conn , 

Bridgewater,  Me 

Bridgewater,  Mass 

Bridgewater,  Mich 

Bridgewater,  Minn.... 

Bridgewater,  N.H 

Bridgewater,  N.J 

Bridgewater,  N.Y 

Bridgewater,  O 

Bridgewater,  Pa 

Bridgewater,  Pa 

Bridgewater,  S.D 

Bridgewater,  S.D 

Bridgewater,  Vt 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-twp 

post- vi  II 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vrll 

township 

township 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-tnwn 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

city 

precinct 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

village 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

city 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

mag-dist 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

borough 

post-boro' 

village 

civil-dist 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

city 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

borough 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 


County. 


Cuyahoga 

Carroll 

Van  Buren 

Menominee 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Menominee 

St.  Louis 

Cullman 

Haralson 

Haralson 

Cook 

Randolph 

Marshall 

Delaware 

Lincoln 

Fairfield 

Robertson 

Kio»a 

Washington.... 

Wayne 

Grand  Forks.... 

Ford 

Prince  William 
Rockingham.... 

Suffcdk 

Washington 

Hughes 

Transylvania.... 
Transylvania.... 

Mackinac 

Howard 

Pike 

Newton 

Penobscot 

Cabarrus 

Sumter 

Onondaga 

Randolph 

Clarendon 

Barnstable 

Blaine 

Escambia 

Escambia 

Traill 

Wise 

Ripley 

Columbia 

Anderson 

Ocean 

Newton 

Lawrence 

Ouachita 

Colquitt 

Eau  Claire 

Sanilac 

Suffolk 

Jackson 

Mono 

Nevada 

Fairfield 

Lawrence 

Lawrence 

Franklin 

Saginaw 

Warren 

Belmont 

Baker 

Polk 

Fayette 

Slontgomery,... 
Westmoreland 

Cocke 

Wise 

Harrison 

Crawford 

Ozark 

Newaygo 

St.  Louis 

Cumberland 

Bucks 

Sussex 

Litchfield 

Aroostook 

Plymouth 

Washtenaw 

Rice 

Grafton 

Somerset 

On-ida 

Williams 

Beaver 

Susquehanna.... 

McCook 

McCook 

Windsor 


Population. 


1,096 
109 
300 
64G 

1,739 
574 

4,559 


243 


1,6.53 
707 

1,028 
993 
839 
248 
768 


4,101 


1,342 

1,285 

999 

606 

2,6"J1 


223 
1,250 


892 

294 

1,113 

3,170 

1,422 

1,682 

30.-> 

667 

508 

1,144 


1,660 


1,172 


2,990 

1,419 

1,913 

661 

882 

778 

1,634 

1,253 


2.116 

29,148 

890 

460 

1,693 

1,644 

1,236 

2,395 

187 

374 

1,134 

1,802 

635 

694 

39 

395 

448 

1,141 

388 

197 

8,72 

1,058 

398 

708 

72-J 

3,620 

l,i;55 

1,683 

384 

7,997 

1,218 

1,     " 

1,112 

1,517 


1,025 

266 

212 

138 

1,827 

808 

759 

6 

672 

749 

312 

1,463 

668 

1,076 

976 

719 

244 

387 

220 

5,209 

383 

310 

1,315 

1,419 

967 

974 

2,494 

94 

327 

1,439 

313 

682 

434 

1,090 

4,193 

1,470 

1,973 

316 

939 

755 

1,003 

374 

2,820 

1,115 

1,021 

303 

310 

1,292 

l,:t54 

4,065 

1,809 

1,544 

754 

916 

1,122 

1,479 

1,394 

1,131 

335 

1,053 

48,866 

650 

474 

1,662 

1,813 

983 

3,369 

282 

610 

1,030 

2,651 

1,001 

608 

498 

465 

410 

1,695 

684 

237 

11,424 

846 

576 

617 

946 

4,249 

1,084 

1,068 

332 

9,323 

l,tl73 

1,390 

1,177 

1,220 

771 

410 

1,124 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Bridgton,  Me 

BridjKjrt,  Vt 

Briensburg,  Ky 

Briensburg,  Ky 

BrieifieldGap,  Ky 

Brier  Hill,  Ky 

Brier  Patch,  Ga 

Briggsville,  Ark 

Brigham,  Wis 

ISrigham  City,  Utah... 

Brighton,  Cal , 

Brigliton,  Col , 

Brighton,  Col , 

Brighton,  111 , 

Brighton,  III , 

Brighton,  III 

Brighton,  Iowa 

Brighton,  Iowa , 

Brighton,  Me , 

Brighton,  Mich 

Brighton,  Mich 

Brighton,  Minn 

Brighton,  N.Y 

Brighton,  N.Y , 

Brighton,  N.Y , 

Brighton,  0 

Brighton,  Pa , 

Brighton,  Tenn 

Brighton,  Utah 

Brighton,  Vt 

Brighton,  Wis 

Brighton,  Wis , 

Brighton  City,  Iowa..., 

Brightsville,  S.C 

Brightwater,  Ark 

Brightwood,  Ind 

Brightwood,  N.D 

Briley,  Mich 

Brilliant,  0 

Brillion,  Wis 

Brillion,  Wis 

Brimfield,  III 

Brimfield,  111 , 

Bi'inifield,  Mass 

Brimfield,  0 

Brimstone,  Tenn , 

Brindley,  Ala 

Brindley,  Ala 

Brindley,  Ala , 

Brinkerhoff,  Neb 

Brinkley,  Ark 

Brinkley,  Ark 

Brinkley,  Ky 

Brinkley,  Md 

Brinkleyville.N.C , 

Brinkleyville,  N.C 

Brinnon,  Wash 

Brisbin,  Pa 

Bristo,  Ky , 

Bristol,  Col 

Bristol,  Conn 

Bristol,  Fla 

Bristol,  111 

Bristol,  Ind 

Bristol,  Iowa 

Bristol,  Iowa 

Bristol,  Me 

Bristol,  Minn 

Bristol,  Neb 

Bristol,  N.H 

Bristol,  N.Y 

Bristol,  0 

Bristol,  0 

Bristol,  Pa 

Bristol,  Pa 

Bristol,  K.I 

Bristol,  S.D 

Bristol,  S.D 

Bristol,  S.D 

Bristol,  Tenn 

Bristol,  Tex 

Bristol,  Vt 

Bristol,  Va 

Bristol,  Wis 

Bristol,  Wis 

Bristow,  Iowa 

Bristow,  Ky 

Briit,  Iowa 

Britt,  Iowa 

Britten,  Ore 

Briiton,  S.D 

Brittou's  Neck,  S.C... 

Britts,  N.C , 

Broadalbin,  N.Y 

Broadalbin,  N.Y 

Broad  Bay,  N.C 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-town 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

po.sttown 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

civil-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

district 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-boro' 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

post  twp 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 


County. 


Cumberland.. 

Addison 

Marshall 

Marshall , 

Harlan 

Fayette 

Bulloch 

Yell 

Iowa 

Box  Elder 

Sacramento... 

Arapahoe 

Arapahoe 

Jersey 

Macoupin 

Macoupin 


Washington..., 

Somerset 

Livingston 

Livingston 

Nicollet 

Franklin 

Monroe 

Monroe 

Lorain 

Beaver 

Tipton 

Salt  Lake 

Essex 

Kenosha 

Marathon 

Washington.... 
Marlborough.., 

Benton 

Marion 

Richland 

Montmorency., 

Jeft'erson 

Calumet 

Calumet 

Peoria 

Peoria 

Hampden 

Portage 

Scott 

Cherokee 

Cullman 

DeKalb 

Rock 

Monroe 

Monroe 

Calloway 

Somerset 

Halifax 

Halifax 

Jefferson 

Clearfield 

Rowan 

Larimer 

Hartford 

Liberty 

Kendall 

Elkhart 

Greene 

Worth 

Lincoln 

Fillmore 

Sherman 

Grafton 

Ontario 

Morgan 

Trumbull 

Bucks 

Bucks 

Bristol 

Aurora 

Day 

Day 

Sullivan 

Ellis 

Addison 

Washington..., 

Dane 

Kenosha 

Butler 

Warren 

Hancock , 

Hancock , 

Baker 

Marshall , 

Marion 

Robeson 

Fulton , 

Fulton 

Forsyth 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


2,863 
1,167 
1,339 
67 
299 
l,.68o 
2,406 


1,877 
1,196 


83 

2,030 

t91 

1,153 

1,427 

585 

1,793 

803 

235 

267 

3,736 

198 

517 

815 

104 

387 

1,691 

1,024 

720 


1,889 

1,417 

679 


361 
1,214 

278 
1,843 

832 
1,203 
1,030 

495 


288 


1,437 

325 
1,883 
2,926 
3,610 


5,347 

387 

1,248 

661 

72(1 

707 

3,196 

1,010 


1,352 
1,650 
1,448 
1,16 
1,682 
5,273 
6,028 


1,647 


1,679 

1,602 

1,139 

1,069 

198 

3,296 

.500 

345 


1,420 
1,4.61 
2,176 


1,103 


2,605 

1,018 

1,745 

87 

209 

2,402 

2,605 

662 

1,341 

2,139 

1,282 

600 

306 

45 

1,749 

697 

1,089 

642 

434 

1,676 

741 

285 

4bO 

4,633 

705 

638 

773 

214 

224 

2,020 

926 

686 

861 

1,985 

960 

1,387 

366 

338 

944 

1,510 

682 

1,589 

719 

1,096 

1,033 

675 

473 

692 

474 

188 

2,741 

1.510 

2,071 

3,341 

3,480 

82 

225 

1,508 

105 

64 

7,382 

363 

1,211 

635 

760 

792 

2,821 

969 

692 

1,624 

1,510 

1,213 

1,184 

1,691 

6,  .553 

6,478 

171 

450 

199 

3,324 

303 

1,828 

2,902 

1,093 

1,071 

267 

3,092 

978 

818 

192 

614 

1,406 

1,607 

2,021 

708 

1,603 


65 


orriis,  TOWNS,  and  other  minor  civil  divisions  of  the  united  states. 


CENSUS  returns  OP  1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Nam*  of  pl»c«  and 
•Utt. 


Bn>wir<>nl,  ItUbo„ 

BroMlkUn.  I>«^l 

BfMullMid,  S.I) 

BiwdUwmN.U 

BiMKi  River,  (ia 

Broad  RlT«r,  NO 

B(Md  Rirer.  S.C , 

Broad  Rirer,  S.C .» 

Broad  Run,  Va. „.. 

Broad  Top,  Pa 

Broad  Top  I*a. 

Broadway,  S.C 

Broadway,  Va 

Broadwell,  III 

Broadwell,  III 

Btuck,  Ala 

Brock,  Neb 

Brockpurt.  N.Y , 

Brock*,  Utah 

Brucklon,  Mh^^s. 

Bruckwa.r,  Mich „... 

Rrorkwny,  Minn 

BrockwHyville,  Pa. 

Brocton,  III 

Brocton,  N.Y 

Brodliend,  Kv 

Brodhead,  WU 

Brudlieadaville,  Pa 

BrogdoD,  M.O 

Broken  Arrow,  Ala 

Broken  Arrow,  Ga 

Broken  Bow,  Neb 

Broken  Bow,  Neb 

Brokeiislniw,  Pu 

Bromfiuld,  Nel) 

Broiiaiigli,  Mo 

Bronson,  Fla 

Broiison,  Fla 

Bronaun,  Kan 

Bronson,  Mich , 

Brunson,  Mich 

Bronson,  Neb 

Bronson,  0 

Bronwood,  Ga 

Brook,  Ga 

BrookdMle,  Kan 

Brooktielil,  (,'onu 

BrookJleld,  III 

Brookfield,  Iowa , 

Brooktielil,  Iowa 

Brookfield,  Ma«s , 

Brookfield,  Mich  ...  .... 

Brook fiel.l,  Mich , 

Brookfield,  Minn 

Brookfield,  Mo 

Bro.ikfiil.1,  Mo 

Brookfield,  N.H 

Brookfield,  N.Y _.., 

Bro.)k  field,  N.Y 

Brookfi.ld,  0 

Brookfield,  O 

Brookfield,  Pa 

Brookfield,  S.D 

Brookfield,  Vt 

Brookfield,  Win 

Brookliaven,  Hiss 

Brookliaven,  N.Y 

Brooking,  Mo 

BroukiiiKS,SD 

Brookioga,  S.D 

Broukland,  Ark 

Brookland,  Va. 

Brooklin,  Me 

Brookline,  Maw 

Brookline,  Mo.  

Brookline,  N.H 

Brookline,  Vt 

Brooklyn,  Ala. 

Brooklyn,  Cal 

Brooklyn,  Conn 

Brooklyn,  Ga 

Brooklyn,  III 

Brooklyn,  III 

Brooklyn,  Ill.„ 

Brooklyn,  III 

Brooklyn,  Iowa 

Brooklyn,  Mich 

Brooklyn,  Minn 

Brooklyn,  N.Y 

Brooklyn,  0 _ 

Brookhn,  Pa 

BnKjklyn,  S.D 

Brooklyn,  W.  Va 

Brxxklyn,  Wig ...,.^, 

Brooklyn,  Wis 


Bank  of 
plac*. 


handrad 

l>reclnct 

buudrrd 

poat-lwp 

tuwunliip 

mil.-<llst 

poat-twp 

township 

lowuabip 

mHg.-dist 

township 

poat-boro' 

township 

poat-town 

township 

poat-viU 

precinct 

po«t-vill 

post-vill 

precinct 

city 

poat-twp 

townxhip 

poet-boro' 

post-vill 

poat-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-vili 

township 

precinct 

niil.-dlst 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

poet-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

|ioet-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

niil.-dist 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

jxfflt-vlll 

post-vill 

township 

[lost-vill 

town»hip 

poBt-twp 

po8t-twp 

towni^hip 

post-town 

post-twp 

|)08t-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

city 

post-twp 

niag.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-twp 

pt«t-town 

niil.-dist 

township 

precinct 

village 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-twp 

poat-twp 

township 

township 

poat-twp 

township 


OouDty. 


8« 

Loiran 

Suasax 

Beadio 

Steele 

Wilkea 

HcDuwcll 

Lexington 

York -... 

Loudoun 

Bedford 

Huntingdon... 

Andenion 

Rockingham... 

Lognn 

Logan 

Etowah 

Nemaha 

Monroe 

Emery 

Plymouth 

Saint  Clair 

Stearns 

Jefferson 

Edgar 

Chautauqua.... 
Rock  Castle.... 

Green 

Monroe 

Wayne 

Siint  Clair 

Walton... 

Coster 

Custer 

Warren 

Hamilton 

Vernon 

Levy 

Levy 

Bonrlion 

Branch 

Branch 

Cheyenne 

Huron 

Terrell _,. 

Walton 

Rush 

Fairfield 

La  Salle 

Cliuton.„ 

Worth 

Worcester 

Eaton 

Huron 

Renville 

Linn 

Linn 

Carroll 

Bladison 

Madison 

Noble 

Trumbull 

Tioga 

McCook 

Orange 

Waukesha 

Lincoln 

Suffolk 

Jackson 

Brookings 

Brookings 

Craighead 

Henrico 

Hancock 

Norfolk 

Greene 

Hillsliorough... 

Windham. 

Conecuh 

Alameda , 

Windham 

Madison 

Ijee 

Massac 

Massac 

Schuyler. 

Poweshiek 

Jackson 

Hennepin , 


Cuyahoga 

Susquehanna.. 

Lincoln 

Wetzel 

Green 

Gre«a  Lake.„. 


Population. 


18M.      1800. 


8,824 
'2,677 


1,27» 

677 

2,420 

2,24ti 

.H,3<W 

1,44U 

298 

1,90:1 

3J3 

BOG 

214 

455 


4,039 


13,6((8 

1,839 

743 

3GU 


288 

88 

1,264 


3,632 
1,290 
1,363 


1,212 


2,11b 
82G 


1,092 


770 

504 

1,162 

1,087 

1,037 

(>I6 

2,820 

1,425 

432 

178 

3,133 

2,264 

428 

3,685 


1,000 

2,559 

910 


1,239 
2,096 
1,615 
11,644 
1,247 


4,117 

977 

8,057 

1,822 

698 

205 

1,266 

7,484 

2,308 

1,'.J22 

1,296 

912 


1,134 

l,2;i4 

470 

1,060 

566,66:5 

1,100 


1,176 
1,364 


3,074 

320 

2,464 

151 

177 

1,097 

69 1 

2,668 

2,670 

3,463 

2,370 

240 

2,181 

497 

849 

231 

498 

348 

3,742 

60 

27.294 

2,237 

923 

929 

292 

812 

277 

1,461 

664 

3,725 

1,290 

1,286 

2,619 

1,647 

1,224 

195 

148 

651 

291 

352 

1,991 

875 

242 

926 

4o6 

629 

310 

9S9 

881 

925 

703 

3,352 

1,344 

867 

227 

6,458 

4,547 

349 

3,262 

661 

908 

1,713 

1,021 

365 

990 

1,960 

2,142 

12,772 

1,416 

1,890 

1,518 

817 

5,347 

1,046 

12,103 

900 

648 

162 

967 

3,108 

2,628 

1,884 

1,154 

924 

216 

1,1:58 

1,202 

696 

1,2.54 

806,343 

10,:519 

1,000 

4.34 

285 

1,205 

1,280 


Name  of  |>lace  and 
state. 


Brooklyn  Tillage,  0.. 

Brooks,  Alii 

Brooks,  Iowa 

Brooks,  Me 

Brooks,  Mich 

Brooksburg,  Ind 

Brookside,  Ala 

Brookside,  Col 

Brookside,  III 

Brookside,  III 

Brooks'  Station,  Ga... 

Brookston,  Ind 

Brookston,  Tex 

Brooksville,  Ala 

Bro<ik8ville,  Ala. 

Brooksville,  Fla 

Brooksville,  Me 

Brookton,  Me 

Brookville,  111 

BrookviUe,  Ind 

Brookville,  Ind 

Brookvillc,  Kan 

Brookville,  Ky 

Brookville,  Ky 

Brookville,  Minn 

Brookville,  Miss 

Brookville,  0 

Brookville,  Pa 

Brookville,  Va 

Broome,  N.Y 

Broomtown,  Ala. 

Brothers  Valley,  Pa.. 

Brothcrfowii.  Wis 

Broiighton,  III 

Brouillett  Creek,  111. 
BrouEsard  Cove,  La... 

Brower,  N.C 

Browerville,  Minn.... 

Brown,  Ala 

Brown,  Ala 

Brown,  Ala 

Brown,  Ark 

Brown,  Ark 

Brown,  111 

Brown,  111 

Brown,  Ind 

Brown,  Ind 

Brown,  Ind 

Brown,  Ind 

Brown,  Ind 

Brown,  Ind 

Brown,  Ind 

Brown,  loM'a 

Brown,  Kan 

Brown,  Kan 

Brown,  Mich 

Brown,  Neb 

Brown,  0 

Brown,  0 

Brown,  0 

Brown,  0 

Brown,  0 

Brown,  0 

Brown,  0 

Brown,  0 

Brown,  Pa 

Brown,  Pa , 

Brown,  S.D 

Brown,  Tenn 

Brown  City,  Mich 

Brown  Creek,  Kan... 

Brownfield,  Me .., 

Brown  Grove,  Kan... 

Brownlielm,  0 

Brown  Hill,  Va 

Browning,  Ga 

Browning,  Ga 

Browning,  111 

Browning,  HI 

Browning,  Mo 

Browning,  Mo 

Browning,  Wis 

Brownington,  Mo 

Browniugton,  Vt , 

Brown  Marsh,  N.C, 

Brown's,  Ala 

Browns,  111 

Brownsboro'  Ky 

Brownsburg,  Ind.„... 

Brownsburg,  Vb. 

Brown-'dale,  Minn.... 
Brown  Station,  Ga..., 

Brown  Store,  Va 

Brownstown,  Ind 

Brownstown,  Ind 

Bi'ownstown,  Mich.. 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-yin 

precinct 

towuship 

|)oat-tow  n 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

village 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

IKiSt-tOWU 

post-prect 

precinct 

|)08t-town 

post-town 

poet-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

|>08t-Vill 

mag.-dist 

|>08l-Vlll 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

ward 

ti'Wnship 

village 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

townxhip 

township 

township 

civil-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

towuship 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

poet-town 

township 

piigl-prect 

posl-prect 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

mil.-di»t 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 


County. 


Cuyahoga. 

Lowndes , 

Bnena  Vista.... 

Waldo , 

Newaygo 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Fremont 

Clinton 

Madison 

Fayette 

White 

Lamar...... 

Blount.,„ 

Coosa 

Hernando 

Hancock 

Washington.... 

Ogle 

Franklin 

Franklin..„ 

Saline. 

Bracken 

Bracken...- 

Redwood 

Noxubee 

Montgomery.. 

Jefferson , 

Camplwll , 

Schoharie 

Cherokee 

Somerset 

Calumet , 

Livingston 

Ed};ar , 

Vermilion , 

Randolph , 

Todd , 

Crenshaw 

Fayette 

Lamar , 

Clay 

Columbia 

Chanipaign...., 

Edwards 

Hancock , 

Hendricks , 

Martin , 

Montgomery.., 

Morgan , 

Ripley  

Washington..., 

Liun , 

Clark 

Edwards 

Manistee 

York 

Carroll 

Darke 

Delaware , 

Franklin , 

Knox 

Miami , 

Paulding , 

Viulon , 

Lycoming 

Mifflin 

Walworth 

Unicoi „.... 

Sanilac 

Jewell 

Oxford 

Pawnee 

Lorain 

Franklin 

De  Kalb 

Polk 

Franklin 

Schuyler 

Linn 

Sullivan 

Taylor 

Henry 

Orleans 

Bladeu 

Dallas 

Edwards 

Oldham 

Hendricks 

Rockbridge... 

Mower 

Terrell 

Lunenburg.... 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Wayne 


Population. 


1880.      1800, 


1,296 

2,0;t4 

22:t 

877 

1,497 

148 


961 

[if, 

762 

661 


831 


1,419 
3:i5 
786 

4,316 

1,813 
611 

2,880 
378 
326 
284 
674 

2,l;ic 
20,318 

1,636 


1,654 
1,752 
1,010 
1,417 
l,36:t 
1,04" 


720 
690 


1,206 
1,119 


1,400 
1,322 
1,234 

2,:«8 

1,()61 
2,067 
1,463 
1,409 


360 
633 


2,305 
1,909 
1,178 
982 
1,162 

i,Ko;i 

1,45» 

1,241 

296 

1,376 


13: 


666 
1,229 

670 
1,497 
2,055 
1,261 


1,111 

1,528 
187 
93 


251 

854 
993 


999 

667 

220 

346 

1,367 

2,122 

3,105 

849 

2,567 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OP   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Brownstown,  Pa 

Browiistovvn,  W.  Va 

Brown's  Valley,  Minn.. 

Brownsville,  Iiid 

Brownsville,  Ind 

Brownsville,  Ky 

Brownsville,  Ky 

Brownsville,  Minn 

Brownsville,  Minn 

Brownsville,  Ore 

Brownsville,  Ore 

Brownsville,  Pa 

Brownsville,  Pa 

Brownsville,  S.C 

Brownsville,  Tenn 

Brownsville,  Tex 

Brownton,  Minn 

Brown  Valley,  Miun.... 

Brownville,  Ala 

Brownville,  Col 

Brownville,  Me 

Brownville,  Neb 

Brownville,  Neb 

Brownville,  N.Y 

Brownville,  N.Y 

Brownwood,  Tex 

Broxsoii,  S.C 

Bruce.  Ill 

Bruce,  Iowa 

Brnce,  Mich 

Bruce,  Mich   

Bruceville,  Ala 

Brule,  Neb 

Bnile,  S.D 

Brule,  S.D 

Brul6,  Wig 

Bruneau,  Idaho 

Bruno,  Kan 

Brunson,  S.C 

Brunswick,  Ca 

Brunswick,  Me 

Brunswick,  Minn 

Brunswick,  Mo 

Brunswick,  Mo , 

Brunswick,  N.Y 

Brunswick,  0 

Brunswick,  Vt 

Brunswick,  Wis 

Brush,  Col 

Brush,  Col 

Brush,  Ky 

Brush  Creek,  Ala 

Brush  Creek,  Ark 

Brush  Creek.  Col 

Brush  Creek,  111 

Brush  Creek,  Iowa 

Brush  Creek,  Ky 

Brush  Creek,  Minn 

Brush  Creek,  Bio 

Brush  Creek,  Mo 

Brush  Creek,  Neb 

Brush  Creek,  N.C 

Brush  Creek,  0 

Brush  Creek,  0 

Brush  Creek,  0 

Brush  Creek,  0 

Brush  Creek,  Ore 

Brush  Creek,  Pa 

Brushton,  N.Y 

Brush  Valley,  Pa 

Brushy,  111.." 

Brushy  Creek,  Ala 

Brushy  Creek,  S  C 

Brushy  Knobs,  Ga 

Brushy  Lake,  Ark 

Brushy  Mound,  III 

Bru.-hy  Mountain.  N  C. 

Brusly  Landing,  La 

Brussels,  111 

Brussels,  Wis 

Bruton,  Va 

Brutus,  N.Y 

Brvan,  N.C 

Bryan,  O 

Bryan,  Tex 

Bryant,  Ark 

Bryant,  Ga 

Bryant,  111 

Bryant,  Iowa 

Bryant,  Kan 

Bryant,  Neb 

Bryant,  S.D 

Bryant,  S.D 

Bryantown,  Md 

Bryant's,  Ga 

BryantsvjUe,  Ky 


Rank  of 
place. 


village 

posl-vill 

I)o^t-vill 

township 

post-vill 

uiaK.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post  boro' 

post-twp 

j>ost-lowu 

city 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

city 

township 

lownship 

township 

townsliip 

lownship 

precinct 

post-prcct 

townsliip 

post-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

city 

post-town 

[Kjst-twp 

township 

post-vill 

lownship 

I)OSt-twp 

post-town 

township 

piecinct 

post-vill 

mag.-ilist 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

pri'Cinrt 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

mil.'dist 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post  to«n 

post-vill 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-vill 

city 

post-twp 

niil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

district 

iiiil.'dist 

precinct 


County. 


Cambria 

Kanawha 

Traverse 

Union 

Union 

Edmonson 

Edmonson 

Houston 

Houston 

Linn 

Linn 

Fayette 

Fayette 

Marlborough... 

Haywood 

Cameron 

McLeod 

Big  Stone  

Clay 

Clear  Creek 

Piscataquis 

Nemaha 

Nemaha 

Jefferson 

.leftersou 

Brown 

Colleton 

La  Salle 

Benton 

Chipjiewa 

Macomb 

Bullock 

Keith 

Brule 

Union 

Douglas 

Owyhee 

Butler 

Hampton 

Glynn 

Cumberland.... 

Kanabec 

Chariton 

Chaiiton 

Rensselaer 

Medina 

Essex 

Eau  Claire 

Morgan 

Morgan 

Monroe 

Peiry 

Washington.... 

Eagle 

Wayne 

Fayette 

Knox 

Faribault 

Gasconade 

Wright 

Saline. 

Yancey 

Highland 

Jefl'ei-son 

MuxUingum 

Scioto 

Linn 

Fulton 

Franklin 

Indiana 

Saline 

Conecuh 

Anderson 

Henry 

Cross 

Macoupin 

Wilkes 

W.  Baton  Rouge 

Calhoun 

Door 

York 

Cayuga 

Surry 

Williams 

Bra/os , 

Saline 

Fulton 

Fulton 

Clinton , 

Gialiam , 

Fillinore 

Kdmunds 

Hamlin , 

Charles 

Franklin.... 
Garrard 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


27; 
1,1!)- 


l,5i: 
111 


14 


1,48! 
l,93i 


4,938 
75 

904 


890 

1,001 

1,309 

2,6i4 

409 

726 

2,:n7 

6,508 
774 


2,1(W 
1,531 


634 

107 
2,891 
6,384 


4,161 

1,801 

3,402 

943 

193 

898 


1,367 
767 
790 


l,68-.i 
417 
687 
501 
683 
665 
792 
395 

1,651 
623 

1,210 

2,093 
344 
820 
328 

1,366 

1,540 
513 

2,4.59 
646 
312 
917 
684 
216 


99!> 
1,828 
2,736 
1,295 
2,952 


287 
1,110 
449 
125 
285 
499 


2,758 

854 

2,874 


550 

307 

498 

992 

258 

1,772 

113 

396 

447 

1,298 

680 

252 

1,417 

2,229 

2,516 

6,i;J4 

384 

486 

718 

347 

1,074 

1,262 

980 

3,110 

666 

2,176 

2,828 

12,261 

741 

1,318 

2,021 

1,390 

179 

288 

938 

386 

232 

766 

470 

8,469 

6,012 

340 

3,989 

1,748 

3,654 

86.5 

160 

1,765 

363 

112 

12,30 

874 

1,050 

241 

1,602 

693 

927 

719 

811 

632 

837 

440 

1,589 

5:i9 

1,413 

2,948 

178 

682 

598 

1,180 

1,593 

745 

3,180 

705 

386 

849 

740 

315 

228 

1,(186 

1,768 

2,871 

l,5:i4 

3,068 

2,979 

824 

9i)8 

309 

91 

270 

1,073 

215 

172 

2,275 

1,416 

2,915 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Bryantsville,  Ky 

Bryson,  Tex 

Buchanan,  Ga 

Buchanan,  Ga 

Buchanan,  Iowa 

Buchanan,  Iowa 

Buchanan,  Mich 

Buchanan,  Mich 

Buchanan,  Mo 

Buchanan,  Mo 

Buchanan,  Mo 

Buchanan,  Neb 

Buchanan,  Tex 

Buchanan,  Va 

Buchanan,  Va 

Buchanan,  Wis 

Buchcrville,  Idaho.... 

Buck,  111 

Buck,  O 

Buck,  Pa 

Buck  Branch,  Ga 

Buck  Creek,  Ind 

Buck  Creek,  Ky 

Buckeye,  Cal 

Buckeye,  Ga 

Buckeye,  Ga 

Buckeye,  111 

Buckeye,  Iowa 

Buckeye,  Kan 

Buckeye,  Kan 

Buckeye,  Kau 

Buckeye,  Ky 

Buckeye,  Mich 

Buckeye,  N.D 

Buckeye,  S.D 

Buckeye  City,  0 

Buckeystow  n,  Md 

Buckfield,  Me 

Buckhannon,  W.  Va. . 
Buckhannon,  W.  Va.. 

Buckhart,  111 

Buckhart,  111 

Buckhead,  Ga 

Buckhead,  Ga 

Buckholts,  Tex 

Buckhorn,  Ala 

Buckhorn,  Ark 

Buckhorn,  Ark 

Buckhorn,  Col 

Buckhorn,  111 

Buckhorn,  N.C 

Buckhorn,  N.C 

Buckhorn,  Va 

Buckingham,  111 

Buckingham,  Iowa.... 

Buckingham,  Pa 

Bnckingham,  Pa 

Buckland.  tlass 

Buckley,  111 

Buckley,  Neb 

Buckley,  Wash 

Bncklin,  Kan 

Bucklin,  Mo 

Bncklin,  Mo 

Bucknian,  Minn 

Buckner,  Ark 

Buckner,  Mo 

Buck  Prairie,  Mo 

Bucks,  0 

Bucks,  Pa 

Bucks,  S.C 

Buck  Shoal,  N.C 

Buckskin,  0. 

Bucksuort,  .Ala 

Bucksnort,  Ky 

Bucksport,  Cal 

Bucksport,  Me 

Bucktowii.  Md 

Bucoda,  Wash 

Biicyrus,  0 

Bucvrus,  0 

Buda,  111 

Buda,  Neb 

BuhI.  Mich 

Buell  Lowell,  0 

Buena  Vista,  Ark 

Buena  Vista,  Ga 

Buena  Vista,  (^a 

Buena  Vista,  III 

Buena  Vista,  Iowa 

Buena  Vista,  Iowa 

Buena  Vi.«ta,  Ky , 

Buena  Vista,  Mich 

Buena  Vista,  N..I 

Buena  Vista,  N.M 

Buena  Vista,  N.M 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

jus.-prect 

niil.-dist 

post-Till 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

townshi)! 

township 

post-prect 

|iost-town 

inag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

mag.-dist 

|io8t-twp 

niil.-<list 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

district 

post-town 

mag  -dist 

post-vill 

townshii) 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

jiost-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

lownship 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

township 

|iost-town 

district 

posi-lown 

township 

city 

post-vlU 

precinct 

post-twp 

village 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

ix)st-twp 

township 

precinct 

village 


County. 


Garrard , 

Jack 

Haralson 

Haralson 

Jefferson 

Page 

Berrien 

Berrien 

Atchison 

Douglas , 

Sullivan 

Lincoln 

Bowie 

Botetourt 

Botetourt 

Outagamie 

Cassia 

Edgar 

Hardin 

Luzerne 

Clarke 

Hancock 

Owsley 

Shasta 

Johnson 

Laurens 

Stephenson 

Hardin 

Dickinson 

Ellis 

Ottawa 

Garrard 

Gladwin 

Kidder 

Hughes 

Knox 

Frederick 

Oxford 

Upshur 

Upshur 

Christian 

Fnlion 

Fulton 

Morgan 

Milam 

Cleburne 

Baxter 

Sevier 

Larimer 

Brown 

Harnett 

Wake 

Mecklenburg... 

Kankakee 

Tama 

Bucks 

Wayne 

Franklin 

Iroquois 

Jeflerson 

Pierce 

Ford 

Linn 

Linn 

Morrison 

Columbia 

Jackson 

Lawrence 

Tuscarawas 

Luzerne 

Horrv 

Yadkin 

Ross 

Marshall 

Caldwell 

Humboldt 

Hancock 

Dorchester 

Thurston 

Crawford 

Crawford 

Bureau 

Laucaster 

Sanilac 

W'RSliingtou 

Columbia 

Marion 

Marion 

Schuyler 

Clayton 

Jasper 

Harrison 

Saginaw.. 

Atlantic 

Colfax 

Colfax 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


119 

966 

1,541 

158 

1,218 

1,044 

2,898 

1,894 

767 

588 

996 


4,808 

414 

1,010 


903 

1,610 
173 
942 

1,466 
727 

1,250 
763 
819 

1,654 
343 
661 


1,860 


2,547 
1,379 
1,983 

761 
2,494 
1,767 
1,692 

8C0 


317 
100 


1,1,36 

901 

1,910 

2,624 


687 

2,815 

1,266 

1,739 

324 

76! 


1,802 
430 
390 

8!< 

1,3:58 

1,129 

173 

2,136 

1,460 

2,311 

401 

694 

540 

3,047 

1,143 


5,073 

3,835 

778 

6C5 

093 

322 

1,083 

1,761 

529 

1,277 

282 

1,064 

1,66!) 

1,736 

88s 


67 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Hum  of  pUM  and 


Bmm  VMb,  O.. ~.. 

Bmm  Yicto,  Ore 

BveiM  Viata,  P« 

BuriM  Viita,  Va... 

Uu«n«  VItu,  Vi(..„ 

Buen*  Vlita,  Wit 

Buvm  Vl«t«,  WU. 

Baeno,  Utah 

j  Bufllklu,  Ark 

'BuffMo,  Ark-. 

iBuffKlo,  III. ....>.... 

Buflalu,  Iuw». 

BulKtIo,  Iowa. 

Baflalo,  Iowa. 

Baffiklo,  Iowa 

Buflalo,  Iowa. 

Baflalo,  Iowa. 

Buflalo,  Kan.„ 

Buflnio,  Kan 

Buffalo,  Kan.„ 

Buffalo,  Ky 

Buffitlu,  Ky 

Buffalo,  Minn 

Buffalo,  Minn 

Buffalo,  Mo 

Buffalo,  Mo.. 

Buffalo,  Mo 

Buffalo,  Mo 

Buffalo,  Mo 

Buffalo,  Mo 

Buffalo,  Neb 

Buffalo,  Neb 

Buffalo,  Neb 

Buffalo,  Neb 

Buffalo,  N.y..„ 

Buffalo,  N.D 

Buffalo,  N.D 

Buffalo,  O 

Buffalo,  Pa 

Buffalo,  Pa. 

Buffalo,  Pa............ 

Buffalo,  Pa 

Buffalo,  S.C 

Buffalo,  8.D 

Buffalo,  S.I) 

Buffalo,  S.D 

Buffalo,  Tenn 

Buffalo,  Tenn 

Buffalo,  Tenn 

Buffalo,  Va 

Buffalo,  Va. 

Buffalo,  W.Va 

Buffalo,  W.Va 

Buffalo,  W.  Va 

Buffalo,  W.Va 

Buffalo,  Wis 

Buffalo,  Wis 

Buffalo,  Wis. 

Buffalo,  Wy 

Buffalo  Creek,  Tenn 

Buffalo  Gap,  S.D 

Buffalo  Heart,  III 

Buffalo  Lake.^c,  Minn. 

Buffalo  Lake,  Neb 

Buffalo  Prairie,  111 

Buffiiigton,  Pa. 

Buffum,  Col 

Bnford,  Ga.„ 

Bufonl.  Ky 

Buford.  N.C 

Buford,  S.C 

Buford's  Bridge,  S.C... 

Bug  Hill,  N.C 

Bull,  Ky 

.Bullard,  Ark 

I  Billiard,  Minn 

Bull  Creek,  N.C 

Bull  Creek,  Tenn 

Bull  Head,  N.C 

Bullion,  Idaho 

Bullock,  AU 

Bullock  Creek,  S.C 

Bull  Pen,  Ga 

Bull  Pond,  S.C 

Bull  Skin,  Ky 

Bnllskin,  Pa. 

Bull  Swamp,  8.0 

Bull  Swamp,  8  C 

Bully.  Ore 

Bumbleton,  Ga. 

Bumpaaa  Core,  Tenn... 

Bnnceton,  Mo 

Buncombe,  Ga.._ 

Buncombe,  Ga 

Buncombe,  Ga. 

Bancombe,  Ga... „.. 


lUnkof 
plaM. 


p(Mt-vlll 

poat-prect 

poat-vtil 

mag. -d  1st 

poat-town 

poat'twp 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

townahij) 

township 

township 

township 

poet-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

poet-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-prect 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

posl-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

civil-dist 

civil-dist 

civil-dist 

niag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

civil-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-lwp 

precinct 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

civil-dist 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

civil-dist 

post-Till 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

miU-dist 


Oonnty. 


Scioto 

Polk 

Allegliany 

King  ft  Queea. 

Rockbridge 

Portage 

Itlchland 

San  Juan 

('raighead 

Marion 

Ogle 

Buchanan 

Koasuth 

Linn 

Scott 

Scott , 

Winnebago 

Barton , 

Cloud 

Jewell 

La  Kue 

Owiiley 

Wright 

Wright 

Dallas 

Dunklin 

McDonald 

Morgan 

Newton 

Pike 

Brown. 

Dawson 

Franklin , 

Wheeler , 

Krie 

Cass 

Cass 

Noble 

Butler , 

Perry , 

Union , 

Wasliington.... 

Kershaw 

Minnehaha 

Spink , 

Sully , 

Lewis 

Scott , 

Unicoi 

Prince  Kdward 

Rockbridge 

Brooke 

Clay 

Putnam 

Putnam 

Buffalo 

Buffalo 

Marquette 

Johnson. ...M.M. 

Carter 

Custer 

Sangamon 

Renville 

Cherry 

Rock  Island 

Indiana 

Larimer 

Gwinnett 

Ohio „ 

Union 

Lancaster 

Barnwell 

Columbus 

Floyd 

Prairie 

Wadena 

Madison 

Scott 

Greene , 

Alturas 

Crenshaw 

York 

Murray , 

Barnwell 

Clay 

Fayette , 

Lexington 

Orangeburg 

Malheur 

Quitman 

Unicoi 

Cooper 

Haralson 

Oconee 

Polk 

Walton 


PopalatioD. 


1880.     1890. 


8,233 


830 
60S 


766 

450 

3,444 

621 


669 

1,660 

400 


472 

695 

1,050 


496 
675 
143 
437 
164 
541 
806 
1,181 
7,493 


156,134 


804 
l,'i6:l 

7(13 
1,714 
1,260 
3,326 


399 


346 

3,7y7 

2,961 

2,252 

664 

1,907 

351 

665 

248 

750 


923 
"672 


1,122 
819 

'"im 

2,902 
2,022 
1,677 
1,667 
912 
699 


2,212 

313 

1,616 


1,183 
3,346 

249 
2,6()0 

313 
2,732 

943 
2,116 


498 
1,016 

997 
1,829 


461 

399 

672 

2,829 

1,1)44 

1,061 

797 

44 

1,309 

446 

2,66:1 

817 

261 

604 

1,439 

379 

162 

469 

778 

1,393 

214 

641 

719 

606 

861 

362 

915 

1,156 

1,207 

7,»89 

309 

210 

223 

111 

255,664 

314 

177 

813 

1,131 

691 

1,694 

2,381 

3,506 

299 

169 

61 

603 

203 

686 

4,(02 

3,07-2 

2,347 

906 

2,090 

2:i8 

647 

223 

805 

1,087 

1,216 

501 

602 

457 

269 

991 

662 

42 

496 

2,449 

2,561 

2,388 

1,375 

1,264 

479 

639 

95 

1,954 

442 

1,045 

119 

1,402 

3,604 

508 

2,198 

?600 

3,619 

l,i:«) 

1,691 

210 

634 

lo:) 

493 
670 
698 
690 
1,961 


Kame  of  place  and 
■tato. 


Buncombe,  Ga... 

Buncombe,  Iowa 

Buncunilie,  Kv 

Bunker  Hill,  III 

Bunker  Hill,  III 

Bunker  Hill,  Ind 

Bunker  Hill,  Kan 

Bunker  Hill,  Mich 

Bunker  Hill,  Pa 

Bnnkie,  La 

Bunola,  Pa 

Buibank,  Minn 

BuilHtnk,  O 

Burch,  Ga. 

Burchard,  Neb , 

Burchville,  Mich 

Burden,  Mich 

Burden,  Ga 

Burden,  Kan 

Burden,  Ky 

Burdett,8.D 

Burdine,  Mo 

Bureau,  III 

Bureau,  111 

Burgamies,  Ga 

Burgaw,  N.C 

Burgaw,  N.C 

Burgess,  III 

Burgess,  Utah 

Burgets,  Ala , 

Burgettstown,  Pa 

Burgiu,  Ky 

Burgin,  Ky , 

Burk,  S.D 

Burke,  Ark , 

Burke,  Idaho 

Burke,  Minn 

Burke,  N.Y 

Burke,  Vt , 

Burke,  Wis 

Burkesville,  Ky , 

Burkeville,  Va , 

Burklialter,  Ala , 

Burkittsville,  Md 

Burk's  Fork,  Va 

Burleene,  Minn 

Burleigh,  Mich , 

Burleson,  Ala 

Burley,  Neb 

Burlingame,  Kan 

Burliugame,  Kan 

Burlington,  Col 

Burlington,  Cul 

Burlington,  Conn 

Burlington,  III 

Burlington,  Ind 

Burlington,  Iowa 

Burlington,  Iowa 

Burlington,  Kan 

Burlington,  Kan 

Burlington,  Ky... 

Burlington,  Me 

Burlington,  Mass 

Burlington,  Mich 

Burlington,  Mich 

Burlington,  Mich 

Burlington,  Minn 

Bui'linjiton,  Mont 

Burlington,  N.J 

Burlington,  N.J 

Burlington,  N.Y 

Burlington,  N.C 

Burlington,  N.C 

Burlington,  0 

Burlington,  Pa 

Burlington,  Pa 

Burlington,  Vt.. 

Burlington,  Wis 

Burlington,  Wis 

Burlington  Junct.,  Mo. 

Burnet,  Tex 

Burnett,  Ark 

Burnett,  C«l 

Burnett,  Neb 

Burnett,  Neb 

Burnett,  Tenn 

Burnett,  Wis 

Burnett  Station,  Wis... 

Burnettsville,  Ind 

Burney  Valley,  Cal 

Burnham,  Me 

Burnhamville,  Minn.... 

Burning  Fork,  Ky 

Burning  Spr'gs,  W.  Va 
Burning  Spr'gs.  W.  Va, 
Buruiugtown,  N.C 


Bank  of 
place. 


mll.-dlst 

township 

mag  -dist 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-twp 

borough 

post-town 

l)08t-vill 

IX)St-tWp 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

|)08t-Vill 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-horo' 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-i)rect 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

city 

precinct 

city 

post-town 

Iiost-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-boro" 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

civil-dist 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

p<'St-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

|xi8t-vill 

post-twp 


County. 


Washington.... 

Sioux 

Pulaski 

Macoupin 

Macoupin 

Miami 

Russell 

Ingham 

Westmoreland. 

Avoyelles.„ 

Alleghany 

Kandiyohi 

Wayne 

Laurens , 

Pawnee 

Saint  Clair. 

Osceola 

Jones 

Cowley 

Butler 

Hand 

Texas 

Bureau 

Bureau 

Laurens 

I'eiider 

Peniler 

Bond 

Piute 

Blount 

Washington.... 

Mercer 

Mercer 

Minnehaha 

Little  River...., 

Shoshone 

Pipe  Stone 

Franklin 

Caledonia 

Dane , 

Cumberland...., 

Nottoway 

Pickens 

Frederick 

Flovd , 

Todd 

Iosco... 

Franklin 

Brown 

Osage 

Osage , 

Kit  Carson 

Kit  Carson , 

Hartford 

Kane 

Carroll , 

Des  Moines 

Des  Moines 

Coffey 

Coffey 

Boone 

Penobscot 

Middlesex 

Calhoun 

Calhoun 

Lapeer 

Becker 

Silver  Bow 

Burlington 

Burlington 

Otsego 

Alamance , 

Ahimance , 

Licking , 

Bradford 

Bradfoid 

Chittenden 

Racine 

Racine 

Nodaway 

Burnet 

Pope 

Santa  Clara 

Antelope 

Madison 

Hamblen 

Dodge 

Dodge 

While 

Shasta 

Waldo 

Todd 

Magoffin 

Wirt , 

Wirt 

Macou 


Population. 


1880.      1800. 


700 
291 


2,935 

1,441 

69C 

136 

1,099 


408 
293 


762 

547 

1,597 

157 


425 
947 
240 
7'JO 
959 
184 


870 

3,015 

160 


113 


152 
2,161 

1,252 

1,002 

3,612 

237 

65t> 

280 

1,547 


1:54 


4,031 
1,370 


1,224 
883 

1,364 

20,241 

19,450 

67<; 

2,011 

1,640 
636 
711 

1,638 
328 

1,252 
338 


7,237 
6,090 
1,599 


817 
1,073 
1,094 

200 
11,366 
2,738 
1,611 

657 

490 


665 


1,117 
113 
296 
48:1 
9(i7 
392 
420 

1,332 
434 
697 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Burnley  Store,  Tenn.... 

Burns,  III 

Burns,  Mich 

Burni,  Minn 

Burns,  N.Y 

Burns,  Ore 

Burns,  Ore 

Bums,  S.C 

Burns,  Tex 

Burns,  Wis 

Burns  Hole,  Col 

Burnside,  111 , 

Burnside,  Iowa 

Burnside,  Midi 

Burnside,  Minn 

Burnside,  Pa 

Burnside,  Pa 

Burnside,  Pa , 

Burnside,  Wis 

Burnside  Point,  Ky 

Burnstown,  Minn 

Burnsville,  Ala 

Burnsville,  Minn 

Burnsville,  Miss 

Burnsville,  N.O 

Burnsville,  N.C 

Burnt  Corn,  Ala 

Burnt  Creek,  N.D 

Buint  Hickory,  Ga 

Burnt  Prairie,  111 

Burnt  Sch'l  House,  Ala. 

Burntwood,  Kan 

Burrell,  Iowa 

Burrell,  Pa 

Burrell,  Pa 

Buriillville,  R.I 

Burris  Fork,  Mo 

Burritt,  111  

Burr  Oak,  Iowa 

Burr  Oak,  Iowa 

Burr  Oak,  Kan 

Burr  Oak,  Kan 

Burr  Oak,  Kan 

Burr  Oak,  Mich , 

Burr  Oak,  Mich 

Burr  Oak,  Mo , 

Burr  Oak,  SD 

Burroughs  Bay,  Alaska 

Burrows,  Neb 

Burrton,  Kan 

Burrton,  Kan 

Burrville,  Utah 

Burson,  AIii , 

Burt,  Iowa 

Burt,  Mich 

Burt,  Mich , 

Burt,  Neb 

Burton,  111 

Burton,  111 

Burton,  111 

Burton,  Mich 

Burton,  Slinn 

Burton,  Mo., 

Burton,  Neb 

Burton,  0 

Burton,  0 

Burton,  Tex 

Burton  Bend,  Neb... 
Burton  Prairie,  Ore. 

Burwell,  Neb 

Buse,  Miun 

Bush.  Ky 

Bushford,  N.Y 

Buslikill,  Pa 

Bushnell,  Fla 

Bushnell,  111 

Buslinell,  III  

Bushnell,  Mich 

Bushn.ll,  Neb 

Bushville,  Ga 

Bushy  Fork,  Ky 

Bushy  Fi.rk,  N.O.... 

Bussell,  Neb 

Busseron,  Ind 

Bussev,  Ga 

Busli.N.Y 

Butler,  Ark 

Butler,  Ga 

Butler,  Ga 

Butler,  III 

Butler,  111 

Butler,  Ind 

Bntler,  Ind 

Butler,  Ind 

Butler,  Ind 

Butler,  Iowa 


Bank  of 
place. 


civil-dist 
township 
township 
post-twp 
townsh.p 
precinct 
post- vi  II 
township 
post-vill 
posttwp 
precinct 
township 
township 
post-twp 
township 
township 
township 
post-boro' 
township 
mag.-dist 
township 
post-prect 
township 
post-twp 
township 
post-twp 
post-prect 
township 
niil.-dist 
post-twp 
precinct 
IKJSt-twp 
post-twp 
towiisliip 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
post-twp 
township 
township 
post-vill 
township 
post-vill 
township 
township 
village 
township 
township 
post-vill 
post-prect 
precinct 
post-twp 
township 
township 
precinct 
township 
post-vill 
township 
township 
township 
post-twp 
precinct 
township 
post-vill 
post-town 
precinct 
precinct 
post-town 
township 
precinct 
township 
township 
post-prect 
township 
city 

township 
precinct 
inil.-dist 
precinct 
post-twp 
precinct 
township 
mil.-dist 
post-town 
township 
mil.-dist 
post-vill 
post-vill 
township 
township 
post-vill 
township 
township 
I  towusbip 


County. 


Trousdale 

Henry 

Shiawassee 

Anoka 

Alleghany 

Harney 

Harney 

Colleton 

Cooke 

La  Crosse 

Eagle 

.Johnson 

Webster 

Lapeer 

Gooilhue 

Centre 

Clearfield 

Clearfield 

Trempealeau.. 

Pulaski 

Brown 

Dallas 

Dakota 

Tishomingo  ... 

Anson 

Yancey 

Monroe 

Burleigh 

Paulding 

White 

Talladega 

Rawlins 

Decatur 

Armstrong 

ludiana 

Providence 

Moniteau 

Winnebago.... 

Mitchell 

Winneshiek... 

Doniphan 

Jewell 

Jewell 

Saint  Joseph.. 
Saint  Joseph.. 

Lincoln  

Beadle 


Platte  

Harvey 

Harvey 

Sevier 

liandolph 

Kossuth 

Alger 

Cheboygan 

Logan 

Adams 

Adonis 

McHenry 

Genesee 

Yellow  Med 

Howard 

Keya  Paha 

Geauga , 

Geauga 

Washington..., 

Furnas 

Coo.? , 

Garfield , 

Otter  Tail , 

Laurel , 

Allegliany , 

Northampton., 

Sumter , 

McDonough..., 
McDonough..., 

Montcalm 

Kimball , 

Banks 

Itowan , 

Person 

Chase , 

Knox 

Wilkes 

Chautauqua .. 

Lonoke 

Taylor 

Taylor 

Motitgomery.. 

Vermilion 

De  Kalb 

De  Kalb 

Franklin 

Miami 

Butler 


Population. 


589 
l,02;i 
1,676 

622 
1,671 


1,990 


1,021 


2,249 


2,110 
658 
465 

1,513 
279 

1,591 


432 
2,225 
388 
2M) 
1,557 
709 
770 


1,151 

1,993 

418 


1,368 

1,047 

1,770 

5,714 

1,218 

879 

712 

826 

1,014 

1,237 

425 

1,837 

721 

1,289 


714 

386 

20 

1,465 


340 


1,374 
684 
294 

1,363 
143 


1,130 
480 
125 
303 
148 


315 
1,284 
1 ,453 
1,779 


2,737 
2,316 
1,482 


966 

415 

1,748 


1,804 

782 
1,901 

8,5:1 
2,754 


387 

2,012 

83:{ 

i,a-.6 

1,402 
l,4-.iO 
1,632 


680 
845 

1,467 
660 

1,506 
681 
264 

1,819 
65 

1,020 
56 

2,205 
581 

2,056 
629 
530 

1,614 
292 

1,207 

2,547 
617 

1,893 
309 
318 

1,779 
969 
812 
41 
866 

2,051 
537 
648 

1,462 
922 

1,414 

6,492 

1,305 
733 
616 
731 
762 

1,448 
697 

1,738 
687 

1,310 
153 
134 
675 

1,083 
695 
226 

1,769 
5C0 
177 
376 
118 

1,174 

92 

296 

1,2.53 
242 

1,064 
483 

1,213 
633 
384 
234 
191 
378 
333 

1,438 

1,365 

1,644 
672 

2,712 

2,314 

1,326 
103 

1,179 
382 

l,7a3 
417 

1,729 
866 

2,089 
928 

3,259 
712 
311 

2,084 
831 

2,521 

1,243 

1,344 
761 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Butler,  Iowa , 

Butler,  Iowa , 

Butler,  Iowa 

Butler,  Kan 

Butler,  Ky , 

Butler,  Ky , 

Butler,  Mich 

Butler,  Minn 

Butler,  Mo 

Butler,  Mo 

Butler,  Mo 

Butler,  Mo 

Butler,  Mont 

Butler,  Neb 

Butler,  N.Y 

Butler,  0 

Butler,  0 

Butler,  0 

Butler,  0 

Butler,  0 

Butler,  0 

Butler,  Pa 

Butler,  Pa 

Butler,  Pa 

Butler,  Pa 

Butler,  Pa 

Butler,  S.C 

Butler,  S.D 

Butler,  S.D , 

Butler,  W.  Va 

Butler,  W.Va 

Butler  Grove,  III.... 
Butler  Springs,  Ala.. 

Butlersville,  Ky 

Bullerville,  0 

Butman,  Mich 

Bulte,  Ciil 

Butte,  Cal , 

Butte,  Cal , 

Butte  City,  Mont 

Butte  Creek,  Ore...., 
Butterfield,  Minn.... 

Butternut,  Wis 

Butternuts.  N.Y 

Butternut  Valley,  Minn 

Butterwood,  N  C 

Butte  Valley,  Col 

Butteville,  Ore 

Button,  III 

Buttrills,  Ga 

Butt's  lioad,  Va 

Buxton,  Me 

Buxton,  N.D 

Bnyckvllle,  Ala 

Byers,  Col 

Byesville,  0 

Bygland,  Minn 

Byhalia,  Sliss 

Bylor,  Ala 

By  ram,  N.J 

Byrd,  Mo 

Byrd,  0 , 

Byrd,  Va , 

Byron,  Ga 

Byron,  HI 

Byron,  111 

Byron,  Iowa 

Byron,  Kan , 

Byron,  Me 

Byron,  Mich 

Byron,  Mich 

Byron,  Minn 

Byron,  Minn 

Byron,  Neb 

Byron,  N.Y 

Byron,  S  D 

Byron,  Wis 

Byron,  Wis 

Byrum,  Ga 

Cabaniss,  Ga 

Cabery,  III 

Cabin,  Ga 

Cabin  Creek,  W.  Va. 
Cabin  Run,  W.Va.. 

Cable,  III 

Cabool,  Mo 

Cabot,  Vt 

Cabot,  Vt 

Cabra  Springs,  N.M 

Cache,  Ark 

Cache,  Ark 

Cache,  Ark 

Cache,  Ark. 

Cache,  .\rk 

Cache,  Ark 

Cache,  III 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

j)Ost-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-piect 

post-vill 

township 

IK)st-to«n 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

towniihip 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

niiig.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

|)OSt  Till 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townshio 

township 

township 


County. 


Calhoun 

Jackson 

Scott 

Kiowa 

Pendleton 

Pendleton 

Branch 

Otter  Tail 

Bates 

Harrison 

Pemiscot 

Saint  Clair 

Lewis  &  Clarke 

Platte 

Wayne 

Columbiana 

Darke 

Knox 

Mercer 

Montgomery.... 

Richland 

Adams 

Butler 

Butler 

Luzerne 

Schuylkill 

Greenville 

Day 

Sanborn ... 

Hancock 

Wayne 

Montgomery.... 

Butler 

Allen 

SVarren 

Gladwin 

Sierra 

Siskiyou 

Sutter 

Silver  Bow 

Gilliam 

Watonwan 

Ashland 

Otsego 

Blue  Earth 

Halifax 

Huerfano 

Marion 

Ford 

Butts 

Norfolk 

York 

Traill 

Elmore 

Arapahoe 

Guernsey 

Polk 

Marshall 

Fayette 

Sussex 

Cape  Girardeau 

Brown 

Goochland 

Houston 

Ogle 

Ogle 

Buchanan 

Stafford 

Oxford 

Kent 

Shiawassee 

Olmsted. 

Waseca 

Thayer 

Genesee 

Hughes 

Fond  Du  Lac... 

Monroe.. 

Franklin 

Monroe 

Ford 

Spalding 

Kanawha 

Mineral 

Meicer 

Texas 

Wa«hliigton 

Washington 

S»n  Miguel 

Clay 

Greene 

Jackson 

Lawrence 

Monroe 

Woodruff. 

Johnson 


Population. 


470 
811 
932 


2,3:53 
255 

1,461 
27 

2,162 

1,046 
454 

1,399 


2,161 
1,560 
1,739 

788 
1,595 
2,196 

789 
1,405 
1,007 
3,163 
1,917 
4,815 
2,392 


1,003 
4,234 
1,220 
1,305 
2,005 
167 


1,789 


1,391 

3,:563 
240 
149 
6(18 

2,0:i6 
614 

1,634 


440 

846 

1,318 

2,387 

2,230 


848 


188 
346 


1,406 
2,976 
1,299 
3,526 
1.37 
1,563 


1,091 


191 
1,712 
353 
222 
418 


1,764 


1,284 

415 

1,279 

1,043 

114 

1,723 

4,773 

807 

572 


1,242 
260 


378 
750 
660 
4:54 
1,436 


1,562 


1,044 

700 

854 

103 

2,336 

660 

1,303 

179 

2,812 

1,1:50 

659 

1,6,50 

155 

582 

1,8  56 

1,547 

1,677 

775 

1,930 

l,9.i7 

814 

1,377 

1,297 

8,734 

1,984 

6,687 

2,841 

279 

221 

1.220 

4,453 

982 

1,573 

1,692 

125 

260 

1,973 

1,.304 

977 

10,723 

570 

306 

1,210 

1,813 

659 

1,315 

186 

491 

862 

1,5:50 

2,163 

2,0:56 

1,021 

1,213 

155 

789 

4:53 

474 

594 

1,:580 

3,295 

1,216 

3,620 

219 

1,490 

698 

1,059 

312 

189 

1,745 

413 

291 

418 

574 

1,5"8 

85 

1,216 

453 

1,021 

1,304 

342 

1,489 

7,940 

815 

1,276 

359 

1,074 

199 

178 

635 

82:» 

907 

305 

2,147 

1,113 

783 


69 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  RETURNS  OP  1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


NaoM  ot  place  ui4 
■Ule. 


OMherill*.  CM 

GWIarvtU,  MIm. 

Oiddo,  Ark 

CadOo,  Ark 

CmMo  Uill*.  Trx.... 

Ckdillitc,  Ulch 

CmIIx,  Iiid 

CmJI/,  Ky 

CkdU,  Ky > 

CWlx,  O.. - 

l"*dtx,  0 ~ 

0»dli,  WU 

CWott,  Wis 

Oidn>ii,  Aik..» 

Ckdrun,  Ark.._ 

Quirun,  Ark 

Oldroii,  Ark..„ 

C»d.v,  Wig 

Caernarvon,  Pa. 

Oaeruar\'on,  Pa 

Ckaar  (."reek,  Ind 

OMMtr  Creek,  U 

CkKle,  Ala 

Calialia.  Ala 

Cahokia,  III 

Caliiieiiga,  Oal 

Cahuilla,  CaL 

Cain,  (ia 

Cain,  Ind 

Cain,  Kan 

C«in  Creek,  G« 

Cainesville,  Mo 

Cains,  Ga 

Caing,  S.C 

Calnluck,  N.C 

Cali-o,  Ga. 

Cairo,  G>\ 

Cairo,  III 

Cairo,  III 

Cairo,  Ky 

Calr..,  Ky 

Cairo,  Hinn 

Cairo,  Mo 

Cairo,  NY 

Cairo,  N.Y 

Cairo,  Tenn 

C»jon,  Cal 

Calubaou,  Cal 

Calalmln,  N.C 

Calais,  Me. 

Culnig,  0 

CaUig.  Vt 

Culaniug,  Iowa 

CMlamiis,  Neb 

Calamug,  Neb 

Calamus,  Wis 

Cala|)oola,  Ore 

Calaveras,  Tex 

Calcasieu,  La 

Caldwell,  Ga 

CaMwell,  Ga 

Caldwell,  Idaho 

Caldwell,  Idaho 

Caldwell,  Iowa.. 

Caldwell,  Kan 

Caldwell,  Kan 

Caldwell,  Ky 

Caldwell,  Mich 

Caldwell,  Mo 

Caldwell,  Neb 

CaMwell,  N..I 

Caldwell,  N.Y 

Caldwell,  N.C 

Ckldwell,  O , 

Caldwell,  S.C , 

Caldwell,  Tex_ 

Caledonia,  III 

Caledonia,  III 

Caledonia,  Iowa 

Caledonia,  Mich 

Caledonia,  Mich 

Caledonia,  Miih 

Caledonia,  Mich 

Caledonia,  Minn 

Caledonia,  Blinn 

CaL-donia,  N.Y 

Caledonia,  N.U 

Caledonia,  N.D .. 

Caledonia,  O 

Oiledonia,  Wig 

Caledonia,  Wig 

Caledonia,  Wis 

Caledonii^  Wig 

Calera,  Ala. 

Calera,  Ala 

Calf  Creek,  Ark 

70 


Rank  of 
place. 


towntfilp 

puat-lxiit 

luwiiahip 

towiuhip 

(toet-towu 

dty 

po«t-town 

niaic.-dlat 

pust-vill 

townghlp 

pogtvill 

IKigt-twp 
poHt-Vill 

townghip 

townghip 

towngliip 

township 

towngliip 

township 

towngliip 

township 

township 

precinct 

{lost-prect 

township 

towngliip 

pogt-prect 

mil.-digt 

township 

post-prect 

uiil.-dist 

post-vill 

mil. -disc 

townsliip 

townghip 

mil. -(list 

post-vill 

precinct 

city 

miig.-dist 

post-vill 

townsliip 

post-twp 

townsliip 

IH.St-Vill 

civlldist 

post-piect 

post  twp 

posttwp 

pogt-town 

|>ost-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

ward 

mll.-dist 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

|l08t-Vill 

township 

township 

city 

niag.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

i)recinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

pogt-twp 

post -tow  n 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

townsliip 

post-vill 

township 

township 

]>08t-Vill 

post-town 

lownxhip 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 


Cunnty. 


Yolo... 

WeUiter 

Clark 

Montguniery... 

Hunt 

Wexford 

Henry 

TrlKK 

TrigK 

llarrigoD 

liarrlion 

Green 

Chippewa 

Cleburne 

Faulkner 

Van  Buren 

White. 

St.  Croix 

Berkg 

Lancaster 

Dcarliorn 

Greene 

Walker 

Dallas 

Macoupin 

Los  Angeles 

iian  I>iego 

I*au1ding 

Fountain 

lUce 

Walker 

Ilari'ison 

Gwinnett 

Florence 

Pender 

Tlionias 

Thomas 

Alexander 

Alexander 

Henderson 

Henderson 

Renville 

Randolph 

Greeno 

Greene 

Crockett 

San  Bernardino 
Los  Angeles.... 

Davie 

Washington 

Monroe 

Washington 

Clinton 

Brown 

Garfield 

Dodge 

Douglas 

Wilson 

Rapides 

Fannin 

Greene 

Ada 

Ada 

Apiianoose 

Sumner 

Sumner 

Anderson 

Missaukee 

Callaway 

Wheeler 

Essex 

Warren 

Catawba 

Noble 

Newberry 

Burleson 

Boone 

Boone 

O'Brien 

Alcona 

Kent 

Kent 

SliiauasHce 

Houston 

Houston 

Livingston 

Traill 

Traill 

Marion 

Columbia.- 

Racine 

Treni|)ealeau.... 

Waupaca 

Shelby.. _ 

Shelby 

Searcy  


PopulatioD. 


188U.      1890. 


1,820 
62o 


2,213 

AM 

4,2.iO 

04U 

3,110 

1,817 

1,35« 

72 


2,91C 
904 
300 
61C 
951 

1,7(H 
ft03 

1,174 


2,022 
973 


995 
1,795 


498 

198 

l,70<i 

2,4tti 

891 

2,009 

275 

9,.5ai 

9,011 

l,69t) 

107 

402 

l,19:i 

2,287 


8G5 


1,347 
6,173 

159 
1,253 

163 


1,166 
1,495 


697 

741 

1,486 


1,180 
1,979 
1,005 


3,167 

l,22:i 
1,107 

602 
1,556 

301 
1,267 

134 

177 


340 


1,927 


627 
1,297 
2,a->4 
446 
902 
889 
234 
953 


8S6 

2,554 

6,872 

746 

234 

4,461 

307 

3,917 

890 

3,041 

1.716 

1,507 

889 

1,112 

1,397 

617 

636 

771 

942 

1,680 

426 

1,057 

606 

1,548 

1,171 

1,726 

90 

848 

1,609 

83 

654 

418 

1,315 

2,656 

814 

2,960 

521 

10,422 

10,324 

1,414 

209 

659 

1,.3:U 

2,191 

573 

886 

115 

440 

1,329 

7,290 

l:i6 

1,082 

216 

86 

113 

1,083 

1,537 

369 

824 

783 

1,2:« 

1,194 

779 

1,289 

840 

1,642 

895 

4()5 

745 

173 

3,6;i8 

1,377 

991 

1,248 

1,646 

1,250 

1,2J7 

184 

712 

190 

1,7S5 

438 

1,387 

92(1 

927 

2,188 

933 

267 

757 

1,336 

2,732 

379 

943 

l,n-2:i 

7.5:5 

1,360 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Calhoun,  Ark 

Calhoun,  Ark 

Calhoun,  Cul 

Calhoun,  Ga 

Calhoun,  Ga 

Calhoun,  Iowa 

Calhoun,  Iowa 

Calhoun,  Kan 

Calhoun,  Ky 

Calhoun,  Mo 

Calhoun,  S.C 

Calhoun,  Tenn 

Calico,  Cal 

California,  Ark 

California,  Ark 

California,  Ark , 

California,  Ga 

California,  Ind 

California,  Kan 

Calirornia,  Ky , 

California,  Ky 

California,  Mich 

California,  Mo , 

California,  Pa , 

California  Moea,  Col... 

Callauds,  Va 

Callao,  Mo 

Callao,  Mo 

Callaway,  Mo , 

Cullensburg,  Pa , 

Callensville,  Kv 

Call  Fort,  Utah. 

Calllcoou,  N.Y 

Calliope,  Col 

Calliojie,  Iowa. , 

Calmar,  lowji , 

Calmar,  Iowa 

Cain,  Pa 

Calpella,  Cal 

Calumet,  III , 

Calumet,  Ind 

Calumet,  Mich 

Calumet,  Mich 

Calumet,  Mo 

Calumet,  Wid 

Calvary,  S.C. 

Calvert,  Ac,  Ala 

Calvert,  Ark 

Calvert,  Md 

Calvert,  Neb 

Calvert,  Tex 

Calvert  City,  Ky 

Calvin,  Kan 

Calvin,  Mich 

Calvy,  Mo 

Calwood,  Mo 

Camanche,  Iowa 

Camancbe,  Iowa 

Camargo,  111 

Camargo,  Ky 

Camas,  Idaho 

Camas,  Ore 

Camas  Valley,  Ore 

Cambria,  Cal 

Cambria,  Kan 

Cambria,  Mich 

Cambria,  Minn 

Cambria,  N.Y 

Cambria,  Pa 

Cambria,  S.D 

Cambria,  Wis 

Cambria,  Wyo 

Cambridge,  III 

Cambridge,  III 

Cambridge,  Iowa 

Camliridge,  Me 

Cambridge,  Md 

Cambridge,  Md 

Camlii'idge,  Mass 

Cambridge,  Mich 

Cauibndge,  Minn 

Cambridge,  Minn 

Cambridge,  Mo 

Cambridge,  Neb 

Cambridge,  N.ll 

Cambridge,  N.Y , 

Cambridge,  N.Y 

Cambridge,  0 

Canibn'dge,  0 

Cambridge,  Pa 

Cambridge,  Pa 

Cambridge,  Vt 

Cambridge,  Wis 

Cambridge  City,  Ind.. 

Camden,  Ala 

Camden,  Ala 


Bank  of 
place. 


poit-twp 

township 

precinct 

uill.-dl«t 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-pri'ct 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

niag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-twp 

city 

|x)gt-boro' 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

township 

po^t-vill 

township 

post-l>oro' 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

posttwp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

l>ost-dist 

post-prect 

city 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-vill 

townsliip 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

townsliip 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

district 

jiost-vlll 

city 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

village 

tiwnship 

township 

poft-vill 

townsliip 

city 

township 

borough 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

precinct 

poBt-town 


Connty. 


Columbia. 

Pmirie 

El  Paso 

Gordon 

Gordon 

Calhoun 

HarrlMin 

Cheyenne 

McLean 

Henry 

Abbeville 

McMinn 

San  Bernardino 

Cleburne 

Faulkner 

Madison 

Paulding 

Starke 

("otley 

Campbell 

Cumpliell 

Branch 

Moniteau 

Washington 

Montrose 

Pittsylvania 

Macon 

Macon 

Saint  Cliarleg... 

Clarion. 

Pendleton 

Box  Elder 

Sullivan 

Ouray 

Sioux 

Winneshiek 

Winneshiek 

Cliester 

Mendocino 

Cook 

Lake 

Houghton 

Houghton 

I'ike 

Fond  dii  Lac... 

Chireiidou 

RIount 

Grant 

Cecil 

Dundy 

Robertson 

Marshall 

Jewell 

Cass. 

Franklin 

Callaway...  

Clinton 

Clinton 

Douglas 

Montgomery.... 

Bingham 

Umatilla 

Douglas 

San  Luis  Obispo 

Saline 

Ilillfdale 

Blue  Earth.... 

Niagara 

Cambria 

Brown 

Columbia 

Weston 

Henry 

Henry 

Story 

Somerset 

Dorchester.... 
Dorchester  .... 

Middlesex 

Lenawee 

Isanti 

Isanti 

Siline 

Furnas 

C'iiOS 

Wiisliinpton... 
Washington... 

Guernsey 

Guernsey 

Crawford 

Crawford 

Lamoille 

Dane 

Wayne 

Wilcox 

Wilcox 


PopuUtlon. 


1880.      1890 


1,005 
378 


1,710 
610 
692 
451 


484 

492 

3,170 

203 


299 
498 
689 
1,274 
33;{ 
838 

*"l79 

063 

1,427 

1,009 


4,600 

1,011 

:«o 

1,830 
277 

2,059 
350 

2,180 


4: 

2,013 

617 

86:t 

1,2.52 

2,57G 


8,299 


4,845 
1,447 
],(i3(j 


7il9 
1,502 


2,280 
85 

50:1 
1,6!»3 
1,417 
1,395 
1,200 

762 
2,096 

964 


249 


641 

l,o:J2 

344 

2,207 

1,047 


604 


2,302 

1,203 

223 

47/ 

3,987 

2,202 

52,0ti9 

1,075 

098 

136 

2,462 

lOli 

30 

2,3j4 

1,482 

4,606 

2,883 

745 

674 

1,750 

30! 

2,370 

3,795 

590 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP  1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Niime  of  place  and 
state. 


Camden,  Ark 

Canuleu,  Del 

Camden,  III 

Camden,  Me 

CHmdou,  MIcli 

Camden,  Minn 

Camden,  Miss 

Camden,  Mo 

Camden,  Mo 

Camden,  Mo 

Camden,  N.J 

Camden,  N.Y 

Camden,  N.Y 

Camden,  0 

Camden,  0 

Camden,  S.O 

Camden,  Tenn 

Camden  Point,  Mo 

Cameron,  Iowa 

Cameron,  Minn 

Cameron,  Mo 

Cameron,  Neb 

Cameron,  N.Y 

Cameron,  N.C 

Cameron,  Pa 

Cameron,  Tex 

Cameron,  W.  Va 

Camilla,  Ga 

Camillus,  N.Y 

Camillns,  N.Y 

Cammas  Prairie,  Wash. 

Camp,  Ala 

Camp,  Iowa 

Camp,  Minn 

Campbell,  Ala 

Campbell,  Ala 

Campbell,  Ark 

Campbell,  Ark 

Campbell,  Ark 

Campbell,  Ind 

Campbell,  Ind 

Campbell,  Ky 

Campbell,  Midi 

Campbell,  Minn 

Campbell,  Mo 

Campbell,  Mo 

Campbell,  Mo 

Campbell,  N.Y 

(ampbell,  S.D 

Campbell,  Wis 

Campbell  City,  Fla 

Campbell  Hill,  III 

(.'ampbellaburi;,  Ind 

Campbeilsburg,  Ky 

Canipbcllaburg,  Ky 

Canipbellsville,  Ky 

Campbellsville,  Ky 

Campbellton,  Ga 

Camp  Branch,  Ky 

Camp  Branch,  Mo 

Camp  Branch,  Mo 

Camp  Carson,  Ore 

Camp  Clarke,  Neb 

Camp  Creek,  N.C 

Camp  Creek,  0 

Camp  Creek,  Ore 

Camp  Creek,  Ore 

Camp  Curry.  &c..  Ore... 
Camp  Douglas,  Wis.... 

Camp  Hill,  Ala 

Camp  Hill,  Ala 

Camp  Hill,  Pa 

Camp  Lake,  Minn , 

Campo,  Cal 

Campobello,  S.C < 

Camp  Parapet,  La , 

Camp  Point,  III 

Camp  Point,  III 

Camp  Powell,  Ala 

Camp  Uelease,  Minn.. 

Camp  Smith,  Ala 

Campti,  L.a 

Campton,  111 

Campton,  Ky 

Campton,  Ky 

Campton,  N.H 

Can,  S.D 

Canaan,  Conn 

Canaan,  Iowa 

Canaan,  Me 

Canaan,  Mo 

Canaan,  N.H 

Canaan,  N.Y 

Canaan,  0 

Canaan,  0 

Canaan,  0 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-town 

jKist-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-beat 

township 

township 

post-vill 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

niil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-bo  ro' 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Ouachita 

Kent 

Schuyler 

Knox 

Hillsdale 

Carver 

Madison 

De  Kalb 

Ray 

Ray 

Camden 

Oneida 

Oneida 

Lorain 

Preble 

Kershaw 

Benton 

Platte 

Audubon 

Murray 

Clinton 

Hall 

Steuben 

Moore 

Northumberl'd 

Milam 

Marshall 

Mitchell 

Onondaga 

Onondaga 

Klickitat 

Marion 

Polk 

Renville 

Blount 

Clarke 

Lawrence 

Pulaski 

Searcy  

Jennings 

Warrick 

Perry 

Ionia 

Wilkin 

Donglas 

Greene 

Polk 

Steuben 

Hand 

La  Crosse 

Osceola 

Jacksiin 

Washington 

Henry 

Henry 

Taylor 

Taylor 

Campbell 

Spencer 

Cass 

Warren , 

Union 

Cheyenne 

Rutherford 

Pike 

Crook 

Lane 

Harney , 

Juneau , 

Tallap<x)8a 

Tallapoosa 

Cumberland.... 

Swift , 

San  Diego 

Spartanburg.,.. 

Jefferson 

Adams 

Adams 

Baldwin 

Lac-qui-Parle,. 

('olbert 

Natchitoches... 

Kane 

Wolfe 

Wolfe 

Grafton 

Potter 

Litchfield 

Henry 

Somerset 

Gasconade 

Grafton 

Columbia 

Athens 

Madison 

Morrow 


Population. 


1,503 

702 

1,112 

4,3S(i 

2,048 

908 

4,929 

1,640 

3,353 

509 

41,659 

3,392 

1,5S9 

968 

800 

1,780 

200 

142 

512 

124 

2,109 


1,611 
117 
976 
441 

1,735 
672 

2,416 
477 


1,397 
685 


9t53 
1,467 
1,057 

413 
1,474 
1,636 

946 
1,630 

493 

664 
10,771 


1,8»1 


886 


214 
386 

1,527 
107 

2,905 
776 
787 

1,002 

1,460 
997 


1,281 

947 

76 

299 

213 


1,129 


467 
377 


2,102 
1,131 


319 
480 
101 
956 

1,286 
102 

1.162 


1,1.57 
1,035 
1,281 
1,461 
1,762 
1,664 
1,499 
896 
1,087 


2,571 

553 

1,247 

4,621 

1,911 

1,421 

5,262 

2,043 

2,480 

650 

58,313 

3,391 

1,902 

953 

846 

3,633 

330 

177 

756 

115 

2,917 

632 

1,564 

236 

1,034 

1,608 

2,047 

866 

2,678 

487 

318 

362 

1,536 

622 

958 

1,214 

2,460 

1,636 

681 

1,268 

1,-121 

766 

1,688 

407 

806 

27,112 

611 

1,633 

92 

955 

292 

280 

418 

1,628 

342 

3,238 

1,018 

842 

1,396 

1,713 

1,003 

34 

217 

1,462 

996 

77 

397 

148 

225 

1,459 

366 

191 

609 

418 

4,F01 

744 

2,003 

1,150 

668 

475 

6-52 

310 

938 

1,590 

317 

982 

102 

970 

937 

1,130 

1,446 

1,417 

1,661 

1,201 

842 

1,128 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Canaan,  0 

Canaan,  Pa 

Canaan,  Vt 

Canaan,  Vt 

Canada,  Ga 

Canada,  K«n 

Canada,  Neb 

Canada,  N.C 

Canada  de  Aguilar,  N  M 

Canadian,  Ark 

Canadian,  Col 

Canadice,  N.Y 

Canajoharie,  N.Y 

Canajoharie,  N.Y 

Canal,  Pa 

Canal  Dover,  0 

Canal  Fulton,  0 

Canal  Winchester,  0.... 

Canandaigua,  N.Y 

Canandaigua,  N.Y 

Canarsie.N.Y 

Canaseraga,  N.Y 

Canastota,  N.Y 

Canastota,  S.D 

Canaville,  Kan 

Canby,  Minn 

Canby,  Neb 

Canby,  Ore 

Candelaria,  Nev 

Candia,  N.H 

Candler,  Ga 

Cando,  N.D 

Candor,  Minn 

Candor,  N.Y 

Cane,  Ark 

Caneadea,  N.Y 

Cane  Creek,  Ala 

Cane  Creek,  Ark 

Cane  Creek,  Ark 

Cane  Creek,  Ga 

Cane  Creek,  Mo 

Cane  Creek,  S.C 

Cane  Creek,  Tenn 

Cane  Hill,  Ark 

Canemah,  Ore 

Cane  River,  N.C 

Cane  Valley,  Ky 

Caney,  Ark 

Caney,  Ark 

Caney,  Ark 

Caney,  Ark 

Caney,  Ark 

Caney,  Ark 

Caney,  Kan 

Caney.  Kan 

Caney,  Ky 

Caney,  Ky 

Caney  Fork,  Ark 

Caney  Fork,  N.C 

Caneyville,  Ky 

Canevville,  Ky 

Canfield,  Col 

Canfield,  0 

Canfield,  0 

Canisteo,  Minn 

Canisteo,  N.Y 

Canisteo,  N.Y 

Canjilon,  N.M 

Cannelburg,  Ind 

Cannelfon,  Ind 

Cannelville,  0. 

Canning,  S.D 

Cannon,  Mich 

Cannon  City,  Minn 

Cannon  Falls,  Minn.... 
Cannon  Falls,  Minn.... 

Cannons,  S.C 

Cannonsburfr,  Ky 

Cannonsbnrg,  Pa 

Cannonville,  Utah 

Canoe,  Ala 

Canoe,  Iowa 

Canoe,  Pa 

Canoe  Creek,  111 

Cafioncito,  N.M 

Caiion  City,  Col 

Caiion  City,  Col 

Cafion  Creek,  Cal 

Canon  Creek,  Mont 

Caiion  de  Los  Manueli- 

tas,  N.M 

Canones,  N.M 

Caiion  Largo,  N.M 

Cannsia,  Minn 

Canova,  S  D 

Cauta  Recio,  N.M 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

niil.-di.st 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-prect 

|K.st-vill 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

towni-hip 

post-town 

township 

post  town 

precinct 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

civil-dist 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

city 

village 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

post-boro' 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

iwst-vill 

township 

precinct 

precinct 
prfcinct 
precinct 
post-twp 
post-twp 
precinct 


County. 


Wayne 

Wayne 

Essex 

Kssex 

Union 

Labette 

Polk 

Jackson 

San  Miguel 

Mississippi 

Larimer 

Ontario 

Montgomery.... 
Montgomery.... 

Venango 

Tuscarawas 

Staik 

Franklin 

Ontario 

Ontario 

Kings 

Alleghany 

tiadison 

McCock 

Chautauqua 

Yellow  Med 

Chase 

Clackamas 

Esmeralda 

Rockingham.... 

Hall 

Towner 

Otter  Tail 

Tioga 

White 

Alleghanv 

Clarke 

Lincoln 

Logan 

Lumpkin 

Butler 

Lancaster 

Lewis 

Washington 

Clackamas 

Yancey 

Adair 

Faulkner 

Independence.. 
Little  River .... 
Montgomery.... 

Nevada 

Woodruff 

Montgomery.... 
Montgomery... 

Morgan 

Owen 

Pike 

.lackson 

Grayson 

Grayson 

Boulder 

Mahoning 

Mahoning 

Dodge 

Steuben 

Steuben 

Rio  Arriba 

Daviess 

Perry 

Muskingum 

Hughes 

Kent 

Rice 

Goodhue 

Goodhue 

Newberry 

Boyd 

Washington 

Garfield  

Escambia 

Winneshiek 

Indiana 

Rock  Island 

Santa  Fe 

Fremont 

Fremont 

Trinity 

Yellowstone 


San  Miguel.. 
Bio  Arriba... 
San  Migurl.. 

St.  Louis 

Miner 

Socorro 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


2,135 
57i: 
637 
16 
388 
676 
823 
382 


572 


895 
4,294 
2,013 
1,030 
2,208 
1,196 

850 
8,363 
6,726 
1,760 

701 
1,569 


756 
1,340 


180 
4,323 

694 
1,764 

715 
1,097 

705 

3;53 

341 
2,319 

167 
1,744 


1,8.08 
1,338 


873 

89 

1,1.51 


757 
1,092 

246 

590 
3,421 

235 


1,528 

650 

914 

3,694 

1,90' 

""l59 
1,834 


1,220 

1,188 

1,046 

942 

1,84( 

905 

699 

137 

751 

991 

1,217 

436 


1,501 


71 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Hum  of  plac*  and 


Oinlprbury,  Conn 

OMiterbiirv,  N.U 

C^nloM,  Ala. 

Canton,  (V)iiD„ 

Caiilun,  tia ^ 

Cantuii,  Oa 

Canton,  III 

Canton,  III 

Canton,  Iowa. 

Qinton,  Kan 

Canton,  Kan 

Canton,  Kan 

Canton,  K>- 

Ckntun,  Ky 

Omton,  Me 

Canton,  Maaa. 

Canton,  Mich 

Canton,  Minn 

Canton,  Minn 

Canton,  Miss 

Canton,  Mo 

Otnton,   Mo 

C«nton,  N.Y 

Canton,  N.Y 

Canton,  0 

Canton,  O 

Canton,  Pa 

Canton,  Pa 

Canton,  Pa 

Canton,  S.D 

Canton,  S.D 

Cbnton,  S.D 

Canton,  Tex 

Canton,  Wig 

Cantril,  Iowa 

Canville,  Kan 

Canyon  City,  Ore 

Canyon  City,  Ore 

Canyon  Creek,  Mont... 

Canyon  Creek,  Ore 

Canyon  Creek,  Utuli.... 

Canyonville,  Ore 

Capay,  Cal 

Cape  Douglas,  Alxska.. 

Cape  Elizabeth,  Me 

Cape  Fear,  N.C 

Cape  Fear,  N.C 

Cape  Fear,  N.C 

Cape  Girardeau,  Mo 

Cape  Giranleau,  Mo 

Cape  Kruseiistern.Alas. 

Capel,  Iowa 

Cape  May,  N.J 

Cape  May  Point,  N.J... 
Cape  Nome,  Alaska.... 

Caperton,  W.  Va 

Cape  Sniythe,  Alaska... 

Capeville,  Vh 

Ca|«  Vincent.  N.Y 

Cape  Vincent,  N.Y 

CapioLia,  Kan 

CapitHl,  III 

Capilan  Grande,  Cal.... 

Capitola.  S.D 

Capon,  W.  Va 

Capon,  W.Va 

Capp  Creek,  Mo „.. 

Capron,  111 

Capulln,  Col 

Carbon,  Idaho 

Carlion,  Ind 

Carlwn,  Pa 

Carbon,  Wyo 

Carbonado,  Wash 

CHrlK>nado,  Wa«h 

Carliondale,  Col 

Carbondale,  Ill._ 

Carbondale,  III 

Cnrbondale,  Kan 

Carbondale,  Pa. 

Carlx>ndale,  Pa 

Carbon  Hill,  Ala 

Cardiff,  Ala 

Cardiff.  Col 

Cardiff,  Tenn 

Cardlngton,  0 

Cardington,  O 

Cardwell,  Mont 

Carencro,  La. 

Carey,  Ky „ 

Carey, 0 

Caribou,  Col 

Caribou,  Me 

Carimona,  Minn 

Carl,  Iowa 

Carl,  S.D 

72 


Rank  of 
)>lac«. 


poat-town 

poat-town 

precinct 

post-low  n 

mll.-dist 

pust-vill 

township 

city 

township 

tow  nail  ip 

township 

post-vill 

maK.-dUt 

post-vill 

post-town 

poat-town 

p«wt-twp 

township 

post-vill 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

jiost-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-twp 

liHmlet 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

hamlet 

township 

city 

post-boro' 

hamlet 

post-town 

village 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

townsliip 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

towiuliip 


CoDoty. 


Windham... 
Merrimack. 

Wilcox 

Hartford... . 
Cherokee.... 
Cherokee.... 

Kniton 

Fulton 

Benton....... 

Kingman.... 

.McPherson. 
McPherson. 

Trigg 

Trigg 

Oxford 

Norfolk 

Wayne 

Fillmore..... 
Fillmore._... 

Madison 

Lewis 

Lewis , 

St.  Lawrence.... 
St.  I^awrence 

Stark 

Stark 

Bradford 

Bradford 

Washington.. 

Lincoln 

Lincoln 

Potter 

Van  Zandt.... 

Buffalo 

Van  Buren... 

Neosho 

Grant 

Grant 

Lewis  &  Clarke 
Clackamas... 

Morgan 

Douglas 

Yolo_ 


Cumberland 

Chatham 

Moore 

New  Hanover... 
Cape  Girurdeaii 
Cape  Girardeau 


Sioux 

Cape  May.. 
Cape  May.. 


Fayette., 


Northampton.. 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Nemaha 

Sangamon 

San  Diego 

Spink 

Hampshire 

Haiily 

Barry 

Boone 

Conejos 

Shoshone 

Clay 

Huntingdon... 

Carbon 

Pierce 

Pierce 

Garfield , 

Jackson 

Jackson 

OsMge 

Lackawanna... 
Lackawanna... 

Walker 

Jefferson 

Garfield 

Uoane 

Morrow 

Morrow 

Jefferson 

Lafayette 

Cumberland... 

Wyandot 

Boulder 

Aroostook 

Fillmore 

Adams 

McPherson 


Population. 


1,272 

i.im 

1,245 
2,:iOl 
1,2U3 
363 
4,738 
3,7B2 
1,471 


95U 
390 
1,869 
246 
l,l>29 
4,516 
1,:<50 
1,:}47 


2,083 

3,514 

2,632 

6,276 

2,049 

14,873 

12,2.'i8 

1,.S37 

1,194 

606 


676 


331 

738 
252 
878 
668 
393 


6,302 
2,4;i9 


1,293 
6,791 


1,699 


2,875 

3,143 

1,361 

864 

19,743 


1,601 

1,879 

1,9:50 

323 


600 

1,.393 

365 


3,561 
2,213 
710 
l,lti:j 
7.714 


2,376 
1,366 


1,156 
1,148 


2,756 
898 
828 


947 

964 

1,487 

2,ooO 

1,567 

669 

6,807 

S,6U4 

672 

269 

1,050 

420 

2,142 

339 

1,303 

4,638 

1,184 

1,U96 

281 

2,131 

3,607 

2,241 

6,096 

2,680 

28,477 

26,189 

1,836 

1,393 

1,830 

1,642 

1,101 

43 

421 

744 

356 

l,io;j 

382 
304 

no 

150 

433 

600 

898 

85 

5,469 

2,441 

1,(J68 

1,160 

6,014 

4,297 

45 

596 

2,136 

167 

41 

662 

246 

3,668 

3,014 

1,324 

797 

24,963 

38 

163 

l,.'i52 

2,117 

3,701 

436 

411 

167 

621 

1,311 

1,140 

727 

705 

166 

3,599 

2,382 

847 

1,784 

10,833 

568 

203 

522 

430 

2,147 

1,428 

49 

289 

?l,8a5 

1,605 

169 

4,087 

727 

8.37 

227 


Name  uf  place  and 
state. 


Carleton,  Mich 

Carleton,  Meb 

Carleton,  Neb 

Carlln,  III 

Carlin,  Nev 

Carlinville.III 

Carlinville,  III 

Carlisle,  Ark 

Carlisle,  Ark 

Cnrlislo,  Col 

Carlisle,  Ind 

Carlisle,  Ky 

Carlisle,  Ky 

Carlisle,  Mass 

Carlisle,  Minn 

Carlisle,  N.M 

Carlisle,  N.Y 

Carlisle,  N.D 

Carlisle,  0 

Carlisle,  Ore 

Carlisle,  Pa 

Carlisle,  S.D 

Carl  Junction,  Mo 

Carlos,  Minn 

Carlowville,  Ala 

Carlsbad,  Cal 

Carlson,  S.D 

Carlston,  Minn 

Carlton,  Col 

Curlton,  Iowa 

Carlton,  Kan 

Carlton,  Ky 

Carlton,  Mich 

Carlton,  N.Y 

Carlton,  Ore 

Carlton,  S.D 

Carlton,  Wis 

Carlyle,  111 

Carlyle.  Ill 

Carlyle,  Kan 

Carlyle,  S.D 

Carmel,  Alaska 

Carmel,  Ind 

Carmel,  Me 

Carmel,  Mich 

Carmel,  N.Y 

Carmi,  III 

CarmI,  III 

Carmi,  Kan 

Carmichael.Pa 

Carmicbael,  S.D 

Cam,  S.C 

Carnahan,  Ore 

Carnero,  Col 

Camesville,  Ga 

Carnesvillo,  Ga 

Caro,  Mich 

Caroga,  N.Y 

Carolina,  N.C 

Caroline,  Ark 

Caroline.  N.Y 

Carondelet,  Mo 

Carothers,  Ala 

Carpenter,  Ala 

Carpenter,  Ala 

Carpenter,  Ark 

Carpenter,  Ind 

Carpenter,  Iowa 

Carpentersvillo,  III 

Carpentersville.  Ind 

Carp  Lake,  Mich 

Carp  Lake,  Mich 

Ciirr,  Col 

Carr,  Ind 

Carr,  Ind 

Carr,  N.C 

Carrabelle,  Fla 

Carr  Creek,  Kan 

Carriboo,  Idaho 

Carrico,  Neb 

Carrier's  Mills,  III 

Carrigan,  III 

Carrington,  N.D 

Carrizo,  N.M ~ 

Carrizo,  Tex 

Carrizo  Springs,  Tex... 

Carroll,  .\rk 

Carroll,  III 

Carroll,  Iowa 

Carroll,  Iowa 

Carroll,  Iowa 

Carroll,  Inwa 

Carroll,  Me 

Carroll,  Mo 

Carroll,  Mo 

Carroll,  Mo 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

poet-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

I>ost-prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

|)ost-boro' 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

post  prect 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

tnag.-dist 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

village 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

townsliip 

post-boro' 

postlwp 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

mil.-dift 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

townsliip 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

town.«hip 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Population. 


Monroe 

Thayer 

Thayer 

Calhoun , 

Klko 

Macoupin , 

Macoupin 

Lonoke 

Lonoke. 

Kit  Carson 

Snilivan 

Nicholas 

Nicholas 

Middlesex 

Otter  Tail 

Grant 

Schoharie 

Pembina 

Lorain 

Malheur 

Cumbeiland ... 

Brown 

Jasper 

Douglas 

Dallas 

San  Diego 

Miner 

Freeborn 

Prowers 

Tama 

Dickinson 

lioone 

Barry  

Orleans 

Yam  Hill 

Hand 

Kewaunee 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Allen 

Beudle 


Hamilton... 
Penobscot.. 

Eitton 

Pntniim 

White 

White 

Pratt 

Greene 

Marion 

Colleton 

Tillamook.. 
Saguache... 
Franklin.... 
Franklin.... 

Tuscola 

Fulton 

Pitt 

Lonoke 

Tompkins.. 
St.  Louis... 

Pickens 

Coffee 

Jackson 

Clay 

Ja8i>er , 

Mitchell 

Kane , 

Putnam , 

Emmet 

Ontonagon., 

Weld 

Clarke 

Jackson 

Greene , 

Franklin ..., 
Mitchell„.... 

Bingham 

Haves 

Saline 

Marion 

Foster 

Colfax 

Zapata 

Dimmit 

Ouachita.... 
Vermilion... 

Carroll 

Carroll 

O'Brien 

Tama 

Penobscot... 

Platte 

Reynolds.... 
Texas 


434 

767 
274 
630 
394 
4,014 
3,117 
444) 
159 


489 
3,013 

909 
4*8 


1,720 
*i*,329 
'6,'i09 


200 
673 


600 


1,009 


818 
1,480 
2,47 

468 


1,604 
2,448 
2,017 


93 
1,220 
1,175 
2,811 
4,140 
2,512 


489 

1,515 

877 


1,444 

184 

1,282 

&')5 


1,297 
2,171 
5,091 
1,156 


578 
2,0S8 
131 
348 
218 
109 
73 


1,126 
1,783 


1,5:!0 
875 


832 
1,921 
2,111 

1,385 
329 
790 
625 
2,782 
1,2.34 
061 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Niime  of  place  and 
state. 


Carroll,  Mont 

Carroll,  Neb 

Carroll,  N.H 

Carroll,  N.Y 

Carroll,  0 

Carroll,  0 

Carroll,  Pa 

Carroll,  Pa 

Carroll,  Pa 

Carroll,  Pa 

Carroll,  S.D 

Carroll,  W.  Va 

Carroll's  Prairie,  Tex... 

CarroUton,  Ala 

Carrollton,  Ark 

CarroUton,  Ark 

Carrollton,  Ga 

Carrollton,  Ga 

Carrollton,  III 

Carrollton,  III.... 

Carrollton,  Ind 

Carrollton,  Ac,  Ky 

Carrollton,  Ky 

Carrollton,  Mich 

Carrollton,  Mich 

Carrollton,  Minn 

Carrollton,  Miss 

Carrollton,  Mo 

Carrollton,  Mo 

Carrollton,  N.Y 

Carrollton,  0 

Carrolltown,  I'a 

Cwrrsville,  Ky 

Carisville,  Ky 

Carryall.  0 

Carson,  III 

Carson,  Iowa 

Carson,  Iowa 

Carson,  Minn 

Carson,  Wis 

Carson  City,  Mich 

Carson  City,  Nev 

Carson's  Lake,  Ark 

Carsonville,  Ga 

Carsonville,  Minn 

Cartecay,  Ga 

Carter,  Ala 

Carter,  Ark 

Carter,  Ga 

Carter,  Ind 

Carter,  Mo 

Carter  Depot,  Tenn 

Carter's  Crossing,  S.C... 
Carter's  Furnace,Tenn 

Cartersville,  Ga 

Cartersville,  Ga 

Cartersville,  Mont 

Cartersville,  S.C 

Cartersville,  S.C 

Carterville,  III 

Carterville,  III 

Carterville,  Mo 

Carthage,  Ala 

Carthage,  III 

Carthage,  III 

Carthiige,  Ind.. 

Carthage,  Ky 

Carthage,  Ky 

Carthage,  Mo 

Carthage,  Miss 

Carthage,  Sliss 

Carthage,  Mo 

Carthage,  N.M 

Carthage,  N.M 

Carthage,  N.Y 

Carthage,  N.C 

Carthage,  N.C 

Carthage,  0 

Carthage,  O 

Carthage,  S.D 

Carthage,  S.D 

Cartilage,  Tenn 

Carthage,  Tex 

Cartoogechave,  N.C 

Cartwright,  III 

Cariithersville,  Mo 

Carver,  Ala 

Carver,  Ky 

Carver,  Mass 

Carver,  Minn 

Carver  Creek,  N.C 

Carver  Creek,  N.C 

Cary,  NO ; 

Gary,  N.C 

Caryville,  Fla 

Casa,  Ark , 

6 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post  twp 

mil.-dist 

l>08t-town 

township 

city 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

town.ship 

post  vill 

city 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

township 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

civil-dist 

township 

civil-dist 

mil.-dist 

city 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post  vill 

city 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post  town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

beat 

post-vill 

city 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post  town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

{X)8t-prect 

post-twp 


County. 


Deer  Lodge 

Wayno 

Coos 

Chautauqua 

Fairfield 

Ottawa 

Cambiia 

Perry 

Washington 

York 

Charles  Mix 

Lincoln 

Hopkins 

Pickens 

Itooiie 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Greene 

Greene 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Saginaw 

Saginaw 

Fillmore 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Cattaraugus 

Carroll 

Cambria 

Livingston 

Livingston 

Paulding 

Fayette 

Pottawattamie.. 
Pottawattamie.. 

Cottonwood 

Portage 

Montcalm 

Ormsby 

Mississippi 

Taylor 

Becker 

Gilmer 

Morgan 

Ashley..... 

Laurens 

Spencer 

Carter 

Carter 

Sumter 

Carter 

Uartow 

Bartow 

Lewis  &  Clarke 

Florence 

Florence 

Williamson 

Williamson 

Jasper 

Hale 

Hancock 

Hancock 

Bush 

Campbell 

Campbell 

Franklin 

Leake 

Leake 

.hisper 

Socorro 

Socorro 

Jefferson 

Moore 

Moore 

Athens 

Hamilton 

Miner 

Miner 

Smith 

Panola 

Macon 

Sangamon 

Pemiscot 

Mobile 

Cumberland 

Plymouth 

Carver 

Bladen 

Cumberland 

Wako 

Wake 

Washington 

Perry 


Population. 


&.i2 

l,71s 
288 
1,697 
1,29.5 
1,41 
2,0(34 
1,(183 


2,132 


1,834 

802 

1,148 

3,803 

926 


1,934 

1,199 

3,475 

1,*<2 

1,737 

825 

980 

394 

4,926 

2,313 

2,171 

l,13h 

502 

2,507 

178 

2,582 


456 
426 
709 

4,229 
161 

1,167 


900 


1,419 


1,910 
798 
7:« 
l,6i3 
1,061 
5,650 
2,037 


1,0'JO 

692 

483 

1,138 

2,679 

1,594 

50(J 

1,277 


607 
3,857 

285 
4,167 


1,912 
2,3;i6 


2,050 


23 

1,03 

68 

1,68 

2,29 

1,38 

31 

661 

401 


649 

68 

813 

1,787 

293 

1,793 

1,226 

1,283 

1,919 

993 

229 

2,702 

239 

1,415 

1,129 

1,573 

6,363 

1,451 

3,289 

2,258 

1,247 

3,743 

1,720 

2,075 

1,074 

726 

488 

4,984 

3,878 

1,884 

1,228 

634 

2,231 

240 

2,638 

628 

924 

391 

556 

961 

921 

3,950 

451 

926 

4:i2 

874 

949 

1,696 

311 

2,125 

652 

760 

2,071 

916 

6,508 

3,171 

115 

1,164 

314 

1,352 

969 

2,884 

1,241 

2,536 

1,654 

482 

801 

275 

390 

3,390 

322 

7,981 

367 

257 

2,278 

2,719 

485 

1,240 

2,257 

463 

200 

478 

654 

819 

1,911 

230 

6&5 

1,018 

994 

625 

1,551 

2,097 

1,334 

423 

871 

632 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Casa  Colorado,  N.M. 
Casa  Grande,  Ariz... 
Casa  Salazar,  N.M... 

Cascade,  Col 

Cascade,  Iowa , 

Cascade,  Iowa 

Cascade,  Mich 

Cascade,  Minn 

Cascade,  Mont 

Cascade,  Mont 

Cascade,  Ore 

Cascade,  Pa 

Cascade  Locks,  Ore. 

Cascades,  Wash 

Casco,  Me 

Casco,  Mich 

Casco,  Mich 

Casco,  Wis.. 

Case,  Mich 

Caseville,  Mich 

Caseville,  Mich 

Casey,  111 

Casey,  111 

Casey,  Iowa 

Casey,  N.D 

Casey  Creek,  Ky 

Casey  Creek,  Ky 

Caseyville,  111 

Casey ville.  III 

Caseyville,  Ky 

Caseyville,  Ky 

Cashel,  Minn 

Cashier  Valley,  N.C, 

Casky,  Ky 

Casner,  111 

Casnovia,  Mich , 

Casnovia,  Mich 

Casnovia,  Mich , 

Cason,  Ky. 

Caspar,  Cal 

Casper,  Wyo 

Cass,  III 

Cass,  Ind 

Cass,  Ind 

Cass,  Ind 

Cass,  Ind 

Cass,  Ind 

Cass,  Ind 

Cass,  Ind 

Cass,  Ind 

Cass,  Iowa 

Cass,  Iowa 

Cass,  Iowa 

Cass,  Iowa 

Cass,  Iowa 

Cass,  Iowa , 

Cass,  Iowa 

Cass,  Iowa 

Cass,  Iowa 

Cass,  Iowa 

Cass,  Mo 

Cass,  Mo 

Cass.  Mo 

Ca.ss,  Mo 

Cass,  0 

Cass,  0 

Cass,  0 

Cass,  Pa 

Cass,  Pa 

Cass,  W.  Va 

Cass  City,  Mich 

Casselton,  N.D 

Casselton,  N.D 

Cassia,  Fla 

Cassopolis,  Mich , 

Casstown,  0 

Cassville,  Ga , 

Cassville,  Mo 

Cassville,  Pa 

Cassville,  W.  Va , 

Cassville,  Wis 

Cassville,  Wis 

Cast,  Ala 

Castalia,  N.C 

Castalia,  N.C , 

Castalia,  S.D 

Castanea,  Pa 

Castile,  NY 

Castile,  N.Y , 

Castine,  Me 

Castle,  Kan 

Castle,  Mont 

Castleberry,  Ala 

Castle  Dale,  Utah..., 
Castle  Dale,  Utah..., 
Castle  Gate,  Utah... 


Bank  of 
place. 


precinct 

post-town 

postpiect 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post  prect 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

mag  -dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

village 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post  twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

jx>st-b<iro' 

village 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 


County. 

Population. 

1880. 

1890. 

Valencia 

214 

Pinal 

33 

32S 

Bernalillo 

381 

56.3 

1,231 

762 

1,195 

767 

1,196 
955 

Kent 

1,147 

687 

134 

Park 

2.39 

Clackamas 

Lycoming 

389 
514 

609 
609 
275 

Skamania 

Cumberland 

149 

908 

1,550 

2,212 

1,659 

"'i',058 
6.34 

2,062 

778 
473 

164 
844 
1,819 
1,811 
1,211 
246 
1,193 

Saint  Cluir 

Kewaunee  

Presque  Isle.... 

508 

Clark 

2,286 
844 

Clark 

Guthrie 

452 

328 

976 

932 

940 

Saint  Clair 

Saint  Clair 

658 

2,572 
399 
248 
426 

1,122 

1,029 
196 

1,715 
196 

1,549 

2,150 

475 

2,917 

301 

Swift 

273 

484 

1,149 
1,033 

275 

Kent 

Muskegon 

Muskegon 

1,734 
275 

1,990 
206 
644 

Mendocino 

Fulton 

1,457 
551 

1,448 
818 

1,398 
775 
695 

1,499 
624 
423 

1,200 
626 

1,504 

2,224 
592 
444 
912 
498 
933 
578 

1,946 
710 

1,122 
829 
962 

1,614 
720 

3,004 

1,459 
313 

1,377 
515 

Clay 

Dubois 

1,436 

847 

La  Porte.... 

1,442 

Ohio 

701 

594 

2,:i66 
893 

White 

433 

Cass 

1,298 
636 

1,690 

2,175 

538 

840 

Hamilton 

836 

Shelby 

1  025 

Wapello 

561 

1,346 

2,269 
970 

Stone 

Texas 

1,606 
759 

Muskingum 

Hichland 

963 
1,489 

590 
2,642 
1,495 

813 

Huntingdon 

Schuylkill 

Monongalia 

Tuscola 

1,002 
840 

Cass 

361 

203 

912 

331 

1,943 

1,.369 

292 

1,832 
626 

Huntingdon 

1S8 
253 
1,301 
610 
815 
866 
133 

Si';} 

2,315 
965 

1,215 
509 

l&-> 
i66 

Grant 

1,4.55 

886 

Talladega 

Nash 

1,346 

1,2(12 

1.59 

Charles  Mix 

43S 
484 

Wyoming 

Wyoming 

2,451 
1,146 

987 

McPherson 

660 
383 

828 

1,738 

409 

303 

Emery 

699 

73 


r 


CITIES^  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Kmk*  of  pl«c«  aQd 


4MI«  Grove,  lowft. 

OMtle  Kock,  Oul 

QMtIv  Buck,  (V>l 

OMile  Bock,  MInu.. 
Outl«  Kurk,  NVb.... 
Oullw  Kuck,  ()r«.._. 
OwUe  Bock,  Ore..... 
CMIe  Buck,  WmIu. 
0»ttl«  Hock,  Wis.... 

CMtlvlUD,  Col 

CMrtli*luii,  KaD 

QMllrtun.  Mirh„.... 

C^llxion,  N.Y .., 

Cwtl<-toii,  N.Y 

OMtlfhm,  Vt. 

OMtlewood,  SO. 

CMIIewtKMt,  >'»......■»... 

Outo,  Uo 

Outor,  Mo. 

OwU>r.  Mo 

CBsd.riit.  Ctil ^ 

OiHtruville,  Cal... 

Chatruvilla,  Cal 

Outruvills,  Tex 

CMWell,  Ark. 

OMwell,  N.C 

CatHloochev,  N.C 

aital|i«,  Y«. 

Cktimuqua,  Pa. 

Qttasuuqiiw,  Pa. 

Catania,  Ga 

C»t»wb<»,N.C 

Oatawha,  N.C 

Qauuba,0 

Oatawl>a.8.C 

CktawlM,  Va 

Cntau  lia  Island,  O 

OaUwlia  Springs,  N.C... 

OatawUsa,  Pa 

Catawissa,  Pa 

Cat  Creek,  Ga. 

Oktea,  Ga , 

Catharine,  Knn ,.,. 

Ostiwrine,  N.Y 

Oatlmrine,  Pa 

Catliorton,  Neb 

Catiiey  Creek,  N.C 

Cathey  Creek,  Teiin 

Catlettsburg,  Ky 

Catlettsburg,  Tenu 

Catlin,  Col 

Catliii,  Ac.in 

Cailiii,  III 

Catlin,  Kan 

Cailin,  N.Y 

Ostlon,  Ore 

Cato,  On 

Cato,  Mich 

Cato,  Miss. , 

Cato,  N.Y 

Cato,  WU 

Catoctin,  Md 

Caton,  N.Y 

Catousville,  Md 

Cntooea,  Ga. 

Ottrun  Creek,  K> 

Catakill,  N.Y 

CWtakill,  N.Y 

OttUnkugus,  N.Y.„ 

Cattle  Creek,  Col 

Oattron,S.D 

Cauthron,  Ark 

Caulhron.  Ark 

CaTaller,  N.D 

Care,  Ark „,. 

Cave,  III 

Care  City,  Ky..... 

Care  City.  Ky 

Cave  in  Book.  Ill 

Oavenilish,  Vt 

Care  Spring,  Ala. 

Cave  Spring,  Ga 

CbiTa  Spring,  Ga. 

Ca*e  Spring,  Va 

CaTetowD,  Md 

Ckretuwn,  Hd 

CaTour,  8.D 

Ckw  Caw,  8.C ^ 

Oawker,  Kan.„ 

Cawker,  Kaii._ 

Cayre,  Ky.._ 

&yuga,N.Y 

Ckyuta,  N.Y 

Cazenovia,  III „...., 

Ca*enuTla,  N.Y_ 

CacenoTia,  N.Y 

74 


Bank  of 
placa. 


poat-twp 

uraoinct 

poat-vlll 

puattwp 

praoluct 

precinct 

(MSt-prect 

puat'town 

puat'twp 

p>iat-pnH't 

poat-twp 

lownsliip 

po«t-vill 

townsliip 

puat-town 

post  twp 

mag  -dist 

townsliip 

township 

townsliip 

towiialiip 

townsliip 

post-Till 

poat-town 

township 

township 

posl-twp 

uiag.-dist 

post-boro' 

village 

mil.-dist 

township 

post  vi  1 1 

postrvill 

post-twp 

mag.-dlst 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

|K)St-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

civil-dist 

IKist-town 

civil-dist 

post-piect 

township 

poet-vill 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-beat 

post-town 

postrtwp 

district 

post-town 

post-vill 

mil.-diBt 

mag.-dlst 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

precinct 

townsliip 

township 

post-twp 

poat-twp 

towniihip 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-Till 

mag.-dist 

district 

post-Till 

post-twp 

township 

townsliip 

city 

mag.-dist 

post'Tlll 

poat-town 

post-twp 

township 

poat-riil 


Connty. 


Jonaa. 

Dguglas ........ 

Douglas M.. 

Dakota < 

Scutt's  Bluff.... 

Malheur 

Morrow 

Cowliti. 

Grauk 

Gunnison 

K«-no. 

Barry 

Banaselaor 

Kichmond 

Kutland 

Hamlin 

Kiiasell 

Shannon 

Madison 

Stoddard 

San  Joaquin... 

Monterey 

Monterey 

Medina 

Calhoun 

Pender. 

Haywood. » 

Culpeper 

LehiKh 

Northampton.. 

Harris.   

Catawba 

Catawba 

Clarke 

York 

lUianoke 

Ottawa 

Mncoln 

Columbia. 

Columbia 

Lowndes 

Gwinnett 

Ellis 

Schuyler. 

Blair 

Webster 

Transylvania... 

Lewis 

Boyd 

Sevier. 

Otero 

Vermilion 

Vermilion 

Marion 

Chemung 

Harney 

Washington.... 

Montcalm 

Bankin 

Cayuga 

Manitowoc 

Frederick 

8teul>en 

Baltimore 

Catooait 

Harlun 

Qreeue 

Greene 

Cattaraugus... 

Garfleld 

Potter.„_. 

Logan 

Scott 

Pembina 

Sharp 

Franklin 

Barren 

Barren..™ 

Hardin , 

Windsor 

Jackson , 

Floyd , 

Floyd , 

Boanoke  , 

Washington... 
Washington .. 

Bca<lle , 

Orangeburg... 

Mitchell 

Mitchell 

Fulton... 

QiyugH. 

Schuyler....... 

Wotxlford , 

Madiaon........ 

Madison........ 


PopulallMU. 


1880.      1800. 


881 


8t« 
7oo 


770 


352 
2,421 

912 
12,679 
2,006 


2,622 
213 
1,049 
3,422 
1,354 


6.3:) 

731 

320 

1,160 

391 

3,:i28 

3,005 


94iJ 
2,240 

142 

•ihO 
4,44;i 
1,«:J2 

620 
3,088 
2,(102 
1,427 

78U 
1,242 

244 
1,617 

696 


72.3 

169 

1,226 

980 


1,930 
317 

598 
1,450 


1,90<I 

1,397 

3,508 

2,059 

1,875 

l,.'i02 

1,64; 

1,712 

752 

297 

8,:in 

4,320 

705 


396 
1,899 
2,2:J4 


l,0.i7 
1,276 


2,181 

Ki6 

3,315 

l,<i65 

221 


2,881 
1,663 
1,039 
1,312 
484 
601 
1,402 
4,36:t 
1,918 


mi 

316 

7lM 

176 

117 

M 

681 

681 

6:1 

448 

2,391 

1,127 

16,423 

2,;J90 

:15C 

3,209 

.362 

1,983 

3,670 

l,:i20 

1,682 

641 

679 

1,164 

999 

600 

3,.361 

3,704 

998 

1,167 

2,385 

196 

272 

6,678 

807 

650 

3,058 

2,:W8 

1,809 

1,021 

1,067 

45G 

1,398 

613 

368 

697 

157 

1,374 

1,232 

332 

2,069 

275 

719 

1,180 

57 

1,274 

2,016 

3,858 

1,996 

1,793 

l,:i92 

1,446 

2,115 

804 

.382 

8.263 

4,920 

878 

47 

30 

789 

466 

902 

615 

2,159 

2,l;)8 

:i62 

1,020 

1,172 

633 

2,143 

952 

3,222 

1,757 

287 

310 

3,503 

1,490 

898 

1,527 

611 

660 

1,436 

4,182 

1,987 


Name  of  place  and 
•tate. 


Cearfnas,  Md 

Cel)olla,N.M 

Cel)olla,N.M 

Ceb«illa,N.M 

Cecil,  Ga. 

Cecil,  0. 

Cecil,  Ore 

Cecil,  Pa. 

Cecllton,  Md 

Cecillon,  Md 

Cedar,  Aik 

Cedar,  Ark.„ 

Cedar,  Ark 

Cedar,  111 

Cedar,  Iowa 

Cedar,  Inua 

Cedar,  Iowa 

Cedar,  Iowa...., 

Cedar,  Iowa. 

Cedar,  Iowa 

Cedar,  Iowa 

Cedar,  Iowa 

Cedar,  lowii 

Cedar,  Iowa. 

Cedar,  Iowa 

Cedar,  Iowa 

Cedar,  Iowa 

Cedar,  Iowa 

Cedar,  Iowa 

Ced:ir,  Iowa 

Cedar,  Iowa 

Cedar,  Iowa 

Cellar,  Kan 

Cedar,  Kan 

Cedar,  Kan 

Cedar,  Kan 

Cedar,  Kan 

Cedar,  Kan 

Cedar,  Mich 

Cedar,  Mich 

Cedar,  Minn 

Cedar,  Mo 

Cedar,  Mo 

Cedar,  Mo 

Cedar,  Mo 

Cedar,  Mo 

Cedar,  Mont 

Cedar,  Neb :.. 

Cedar,  Neb 

Cedar,  Neb 

Cedar,  Neb 

Ce<lar,  Neb 

Cedar,  Neb 

Cedar,  S  D 

Cedar,  Utah 

Cedar  Bluff,  Ala 

Cedar  Bluff,  Ala 

Cedar  Bliiff,  Mo 

Cedar  Bluff,  Tenn 

Cedar  Bluffs,  Neb 

Cedar  Branch,  Ac,  Ky., 

Cedarburg,  Wis 

Cedarburg,  Wis 

Cedar  City,  Utah 

Cedar  Creek,  Ark 

Cedar  Creek,  Del 

Cedar  Creek,  Ga 

Cedar  Creek,  Ga 

Cedar  Creek,  Ind 

Cedar  Creek,  Ind 

Cedar  Creek,  Mich 

Cedar  Creek,  Mich 

Cedar  Creek,  Mo 

Cedar  Creek,  Mo 

Cedar  Creek,  N.C 

Cedar  Creek,  Ore 

Cedar  Creek,  S.C 

Cedar  Creek,  Vn 

Cedar  Falls,  Ark 

Cedar  Falls,  Iowa. 

Cedar  Falls,  Iowa 

Cedar  Fork,  N.C 

Cedar  Fork,  N.C 

Cedar  Fort,  Utah 

Cedar  Grove,  Ga. 

Cedar  Grove,  N.C 

Cedar  Grove,  N.C 

Cedar  Hill,  Tex 

Cedar  Keys,  Fla 

Cedar  Lake,  Minn 

Cedar  Lake,  Wis 

Cedar  Milix,  Minn 

Cedar  Mouiita  u,  Va 

Cedar  Point.  Ala 

Cedar  Rapids,  Iowa 

Cedar  Uupids,  Keb 


Bank  of 

place. 


poaUdist* 

prect(19 

prect  (H>\ 

prect (23 

post  town 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-twp 

district 

post-vill 

towniiliip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

townshi)) 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

town^hip 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

towuNliip 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

civil-dist 

post-vill 

mag.-ilist 

township 

city 

post-vill 

township 

hundred 

mil.-dist 

mil.-diet 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

post-twp 

townxhip 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

city 

township 

townsliip 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

IHist-twp 

townKhip 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

city 

post-vill 


County. 


Washington 

Mora 

Mora 

Mora. 

Berrien 

Paulding 

Morrow 

Washington 

Cecil 

Cecil 

Carroll 

Polk 

Scott 

Knox 

Benton 

Black  Hawk.... 

Calhoun 

(Cherokee 

Floyd 

Greene 

Jefferson 

Johnson 

Lee 

Lucas 

Mahaska 

Mitchell 

Monroe 

Muscatine 

Pocahontas. 

Sac 

Van  Buren 

Washington 

Barber 

Chase 

Cowley 

Jackson 

Smith 

Wilson 

Mackinac 

Osceola 

Martin 

Hoone 

Callaway 

(.'edur....'... 

Dade 

Pettis 

Minsoula 

Antelope 

Boone 

Buffalo 

Nance 

Saunders 

Wheeler 

Hand 

Iron 

(Cherokee 

Cherokee 

Oregon 

Trousdale 

Saundern 

Mcude 

Ozaukee 

Ozaukee 

Iron 

Crawford 

SiiHsex 

Coweta 

T;.vlor 

Allen 

Lake 

iMuskeg'in 

Wexfoid 

Taney 

Wayne 

Cumberland 

Washington 

Lancaster 

Bath 

(!onwav 

Block  Hawk.... 
Black  Hawk.... 

Durham 

Wake 

Utah 

Walker 

Orange 

Bandidpli 

Dallas. 

Levy 

Scott 

Barron 

Meeker.. 

Culpeper 

Mobile 

Linn 

Boone. 


Populatlqn. 


1880.      1890. 


1,630 


16'J 


l,.'i96 

3,628 

473 

4,949 


223 
1,976 
1,136 
691 
199 
469 
678 
639 
740 

928 

81.3 

1,127 

],o;54 

916 
410 
621 
356 
940 
876 


710 
1,209 
1,449 

809 

'"374 
182 
6,946 
3,;i0(> 
877 
1,161 
1,178 


2:^8 


2,295 

2,5:i6 

94.1 

691 

1,007 

4,186 

1,056 

958 

1,584 

1,4.57 

;i56 

653 


756 
3,114 


2,019 
949 


4,143 
3,020 


1,715 
251) 
1,688 
2,09:i 
1,501 


1,4.58 
944 
351 
474 

2,58:i 

417 

10,104 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880   AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Cedar  River,  Mich.... 

Cedar  Kock,  N.C 

Cedar  Kuii,  Ky 

Cedar  Kiin,  Va 

Cedar  Slioiils,  Ga 

Cedar  Springs,  Ala- 
Cedar  Spriii;{g,  Ga 

Cedar  Spiirigg,  Mich. 
Cedar  Spri<ig8,  8.O.... 

Cedartown,  Ga 

Cedartuwii,  Ga 

Cedarvale,  Kan 

Cedar  Valley,  Neb.... 

Cedar  Valley,  Neb 

Cedarville,  Ala 

Cedarville,  Ark 

Cedarville,  Ark 

Cedarville,  Cal 

Cedarville,  III 

Cedarville,  Mich 

Ceilarville,  0 

Cedarville,  0 

Cedarville,  Va 

Cedron,  Kan 

Celeste,  Tex 

Celia,  Kan 

Celina,0 

Celiiia,  Tenn 

Centennial,  Iowa 

Center,  Ark 

Center,  Ark 

Center,  Ark 

Center,  Ark 

Center,  Ark 

Center,  Ark 

Center,  Cal 

Center,  Ind , 

Center,  Inil 

Center,  Ind 

Center,  Ind 

Center,  Ind 

Center,  Ind 

Center,  Ind 

Center,  Ind 

Center,  Ind 

Center,  Ind 

Center,  Ind 

Center,  Ind 

Center,  Ind , 

Center,  Ind 

Center,  Ind 

Center,  Ind 

Center,  Ind 

Center,  Ind 

Center,  Iml 

Center,  Ind , 

Center,  Ind 

Center,  Ind 

Center,  Ind , 

Center,  Ind , 

Center,  Ind , 

Center,  Iowa 

Center,  Iowa 

Center,  Iowa 

Center,  Iowa 

Center,  Iowa 

Center,  Iowa 

Center,  Iowa 

Center,  Iowa 

Center,  Iowa 

Center,  Iowa 

Center,  Iowa../ 

Center,  Iowa 

Center,  Iowa 

Center,  Iowa 

Center,  Iowa 

Center,  Iowa 

Center,  Iowa 

Center,  Iowa 

Center,  Kan 

Center,  Kan 

Center,  Kan 

Center,  Kan 

Center,  Kan 

Center,  Kan 

Center,  Kan 

Center,  Kan 

Center,  Kan 

Center,  Kan 

Center,  Kan 

Center,  Kan 

Center,  Kan 

Center,  Kan 

Center,  Kan 

Center,  Kan 

Center,  Kan 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

post-twp 

niag.-dist 

niag.-diiit 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

mil.-dist 

|iost-Till 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

|)08t-prect 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

township 

l)ost-vill 

niag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townshi|) 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Menominee 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Fautpiier 

Newton 

Cherokee 

Early 

Kent 

Abbeville 

Polk 

Polk 

Chautauqua 

Greeley 

Hamilton 

Hale 

Crawford 

Crawford 

Modoc 

Stephenson 

Menominee 

Greene 

Greene 

Warren 

Lincoln 

Hunt 

Rawlins 

Mercer 

Clay 

Lyon 

Montgomery  ... 

Polk 

Pope 

Prairie 

Sebastian 

Washington 

Sacramento 

Bentou 

Boone 

Clinton 

Dearborn 

Delaware 

Gibson 

Grant 

Greene 

Hancock 

Hendricks. 

Jennings 

Lake 

La  Porte 

Marion 

Slarshall 

Martin 

Porter 

Posey 

Riplej" 

Rush 

Saint  Joseph.... 

Starke 

Union 

Vanderhurg 

Wayne 

Allamakee 

Calhoun 

Cedar 

Clinton 

Decatur 

Dubuque 

Emniet 

Fayette 

Henry 

Madison 

Mills 

Monona 

O'Brien 

Pocahontas 

Pottawattamie 

Sioux 

Wapello 

Winnebago 

Atchison 

Chautauqua 

Clark 

Cloud 

Decatur 

Dickinson 

Doniphan 

Garfield 

Hodgeman 

Jewell 

Kiowa 

Lyon 

Marion  

Marshall 

Mitchell 

Ness 

Norton 


Population. 


l,T25 


2,G94 
451 


1,117 
1,141 

1,74C 

4,240 

843 

218 

302 

82 

2,803 


229 
2.702 
1,181 
2,050 

674 


l,34(i 


229 

34U 

1,016 


45o 
2,510 


422 

1,878 

5,481 

4,598 

6,100 

6,681 

1,672 

4,418 

1,'.<77 

4,284 

3,256 

2,752 

2,854 

7,599 

80,648 

5,133 

1,332 

6,971 

1,0<I6 

1,940 

1,43, 

768 

764 

2,518 

1,927 

2,»I7 

1,079 

243 

2,942 

1,219 

883 

1,276 

190 

810 

0,275 

2,58;J 

9S6 

646 

.369 

166 

1,148 


10,779 

l,.'>6o 

2,444 

631 


967 


1,101 
2,177 


453 
1,017 


848 
1,724 
692 
679 
722 
996 


307 

1,816 

854 

2,68;j 

365 

852 

1,506 

1,035 

1,613 

6,595 

1,625 

640 

170 

1:15 

3,009 

602 

80 

845 

326 

636 

2,361 

1,365 

2,005 

638 

250 

527 

2,702 

223 

290 

451 

1,430 

360 

806 

2,167 

1,:«9 

383 

2,219 

6,945 

6,9-^2 

6,371 

12,879 

1,608 

1(',31() 

1,758 

6,388 

3,221 

2,860 

2,894 

8,661 

117,328 

6,001 

1,519 

6,002 

1,044 

1,948 

1,071 

?:« 

1,480 

2,544 

1,280 

2,050 

841 

752 

.S,117 

1,024 

615 

1,10.5 

2S3 

890 

6,007 

2,281 

950 

581 

672 

506 

752 

500 

15,964 

1,493 

1,546 

716 

746 

823 

310 

1,536 

2,175 

329 

624 

1,359 

624 

1,428 

760 

717 

471 

999 

1,762 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Center,  Kan 

Center,  Kan 

Center,  Kan 

Center,  Kan 

Center,  Kan 

Center,  Kan 

Center,  Kan 

Center,  Kan 

Center,  Kan 

Center,  Kan 

Center,  Kan 

Center,  Kan 

Center,  Mich 

Center,  Mich 

Center,  Miss 

Center,  Mo 

Center,  Mo 

Center,  Mo 

Center,  Mo , 

Center,  Mo 

Center,  Mo 

Center,  Neb 

Center,  Neb 

Center,  Neb 

Center,  Neb 

Center,  Neb 

Center,  Neb 

Center,  Neb 

Center,  Neb 

Center,  N  C 

Center,  N.C 

Center,  N.D 

Center,  N.D 

Center,  0 

Center,  O 

Center,  0 

Center,  O 

Center,  0 

Center,  O 

Center,  0 

Center,  O 

Center,  0 

Center,  Ore 

Center,  Pa 

Center,  Pa 

Center,  Pa 

Center,  Pa 

Center,  Pa 

Center,  Pa 

Center,  Pa 

Center,  SD 

Center,  Va 

Center,  W.  Va 

Center,  W.  Va 

Center,  W.  Va 

Center,  W.Va 

Center,  Wis 

Center,  Wis  

Center  Creek,  Minn. 
Center  Grove,  Iowa. 
Center  Grove,  N.C... 

Center  Hill,  Ga 

Center  Plains,  Mich 
Center  Point,  Ky...  . 

Centerville,  Ala, , 

Centerville,  Ark 

Centerville,  Ga 

Centerville,  Ga 

Centerville,  Iowa.... 

Centerville,  Kan 

Centerville,  Ky 

Centerville,  Ky 

Centerville,  Md 

Centerville,  Mich.... 

Centerville,  Net) 

Centerville,  N.C , 

Centerville,  0 

Centerville,  Ore , 

Centerville,  Pa , 

Centerville,  Tenn..., 
Centerville,  Utah.... 
Centerville,  Wash..., 
Centerville,  W.  Va.. 

Centerville,  Wis 

Central,  Cal .. 

Central,  111 

Central,  111 

Central,  Ky 

Central,  Miss 

Central,  Itio 

Central,  Mo 

Central,  Mo 

Central,  Mo 

Central,  Mo 

Central,  Neb , 

Central,  Neb 


B»nk  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

beat 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

niag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

mag  -dist 

precinct 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

city 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

district 

township 

precinct 

village 

village 

precinct 

boron sh 

civil-dist 

post-prect 

post-prect 

mag  -dist 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

beat 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 


County. 


Ottawa 

Pottawatomie... 

Pratt 

Reno 

Rice 

Riley 

Rush 

Russell 

Smith 

Stevens 

Wilson 

Woodson 

Emmet 

Lake 

Ja«per 

Buchanan 

Dade 

Hickory 

Knox...... 

McDonald 

Vernon 

Buffalo 

Butler. 

Cass 

Greeley 

Hall 

Johnson 

Phelphs 

Saunders. 

Chatham 

Stanly 

Nelson 

Richland 

Carroll 

Columbiana 

Guernsey 

Mercer 

Monroe 

Morgan 

Noble 

Williams 

Wood 

Linn 

Berks 

Butler 

Columbia 

Greene 

Indiana 

Perry 

Snyder 

Aurora 

Fauquier 

Calhoun 

Gilmer 

Wetzel 

Wyoming 

Outagamie 

Rock... 

Martin 

Dickinson 

Guilford. 

Habersham 

Crawford 

Monroe- 

Coffee 

Yell 

Elbei-t 

Talbot 

Appanoose 

Neosho 

Bourbon 

Fleming 

Saint  Blary's.... 

Leelanaw.... 

Lancaster... 

Pitt 

Gallia 

Umatilla 

Butler 

Gilison 

Davis 

Klickitat.... 

Tyler 

Manitowoc. 
San  Bernardino 

Bond 

Randolph 

Muhlenberg. 

Jackson 

Barton 

Franklin 

Jefferson 

Perry 

St.  Louis 

Knox 

Merrick 


Population. 


672 
1,619 
1,827 


1,760 
703 
265 


2,790 
1,279 
1,988 

690 
1,178 

499 
2,795 


601 
702 


688 
2,226 
1,473 


1,690 
3,719 
1,2:J3 
1,4.56 
2,779 
1,164 
1,850 
1,689 
2,023 

480 
1,(127 

980 
1,2.55 
1,843 
1,265 
1,120 
1,000 


5,553 

1,090 

1,728 

2,602 

l,(KXi 

1,.590 

1,105 

20;j 

674 

906 

940 

164 

1,050 

922 


829 

922 

2,475 

1,054 

1,09-1 

1,728 

1,610 

658 

601 


27: 
803 
418 
1,143 
5:^9 


1,485 
l,5(iO 


987 


813 

447 

2,014 

1,832 

2,046 

7,485 

238 

1C9 


1880.   1890. 


394 

4-n 

1,728 

692 

688 

499 

;150 

1,170 

1,263 

271 

2,430 

1,855 

219 

HI 

3,(148 

1,195 

2,383 

1,137 

1,466 

754 

8,427 

6.!ll 

590 

823 

843 

693 

609 

h:H 

910 

2,242 

l,(i68 

1.57 

676 

1,605 

3,95:1 

1,094 

1,539 

2,685 

1,105 

1,937 

1,541 

3,370 

385 

1,418 

i,oa5 

1,195 

1,767 

1,3X7 

1,046 

1,060 

163 

6,108 

1,395 

2,476 

2,472 

1,404 

1,488 

1,(173 

497 

1,287 

899 

970 

20!i 

? 1,200 

8.57 

874 

1,240 

837 

3,668 

1,118 

1,179 

1,797 

1,808 

927 

788 

50 

213 

1,042 

448 

1,41  4 

632 

.5"6 

1,445 

1,374 

1,134 

2.793 

792 

2,977 

755 

1,2118 

2,493 

1,732 

2,289 

9,541 

615 

186 


'75 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CSNSUS  RETURNS  OF  1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Hum  of  ptoc«  and 


(Vntna,  V.M 

Ctittral,  N.M 

Oniml,  8.C. — ~ 

ONitrml.  8.C. .~.. 

rauiml,  Utah- 

OenirnI,  Va. ~.. 

Ocntnil,  ytL. ^ 

Oiitnil,  V». ^ 

Otiitml,  Wiwh 

Ontral.  W.  V»._ «.. 

OntTHl  ajy,  Col 

OeiitnU  City,  III ^ 

Otnlnl  City,  III 

Ceiitml  City,  Iowa 

Crntnkl  City,  Ky 

Central  City,  Ky 

Central  City,  Neb. 

Oentn.1  aty,  S.D 

CenlntI  Colony,  C«l 

Central  Corington,  Ky. 

CentrHlla,  III 

Oentralia,  III. 

Oentmlla,  Kan 

Centraliii,  Mo 

Oentralia,  Mo. 

Oenttalla,  I>a. 

Oentralia,  Wash 

Oentralia,  Wash 

oentralia.  Wis 

Oentral  Iimtitute.  Ala.. 

Oentnil  Lake,  Mich 

Ceiitml  Point,  Miun.... 

Cenlral  Tuint,  Ure 

Oentral  Point,  Ore 

Cenrral  Point,  S.D 

Centre,  Ala 

Centre,  Ala 

Centre,  Ind 

Centre,  Mia 

Centre,  Mo - 

Centre,  Ho. > 

Centre,  KJ^ 

Centre,  8.C 

Centre,  8.C 

Centreburg,  O 

Centre  IIhII,  Pii 

Centre  Harbor,  N.H.... 

Centre  Hill,  Fta 

Centre  Junction,  Iowa 

Centre  Point,  Ark 

Centre  Point,  Ark 

Centre  Point,  Ind 

Centre  Point.  Iowa 

Centre  Point,  Tex 

Centre  Port,  Pa..._ 

Centre  Star,  Ala 

Centre  View,  Mo „ 

Centreville,  Ala. 

Centreville,  Ala 

Centreville,  Idaho 

Centreville,  Ind 

Centreville,  Kan ».. 

Centreville,  La„ 

CentiTville,  Me 

Centreville,  Md 

Centreville,  Md 

Centreville,  Mich 

Oentreville,  Minn 

Centreville,  N.Y 

Centreville,  O 

Oentreville,  Pa....„ 

Centreville,  8C 

Centreville,  S.D „.. 

Centreville,  Tenn 

Oentreville,  Tex 

Cenlreville,  Va 

Centreville  Station,  III. 
C<>ntro|>oli8,  Kan.... 

Oeredo,  W.  Va. 

Ceredo,  W.Va 

Ceres,  Pa 

Cereeco,  Minn 

Cereaco,  Neb 

Cerrilloe,  N.M 

Cerrilloe,  N.M 

Oerro  Oordo,  Fla.... 

OerroOordo,  III 

Oerro  Gordo,  III 

Oerro  Oordo,  Minn. 
Oerro  Oordo,  N.C._. 

OcMna,  O « 

ChadboDm,  N.C.  ... 

Ohadbourn,  N.C 

Chadron,  Neb 

Chadmn,  Neb 

Chagrin  Falla,  0..„, 

76 


Kankof 
t'Uce. 


predBct 

pual-vlll 

towuabip 

poat-vill 

precinct 

ma(C.-dUt 

mag  -diet 

mag.MlUt 

precinct 

mag.-dUt 

city 

village 

posl-vill 

poet-vill 

niHg.-dist 

pual-vlll 

p»at-town 

city 

village 

township 

township 

city 

post-vlll 

township 

post-vlll 

poet-boro' 

precinct 

city 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

|l08t-vlll 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-beut 

township 

post-vlll 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-lKiro' 

pust-tuwn 

pust-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

poet-vUl 

post-town 

post-boro' 

post-prect 

|)08t-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

townxhip 

district 

post-vill 

poet-vill 

poat-twp 

poet-town 

poet-vill 

post-boro' 

township 

city 

post-vill 

post-town 

mug.-dist 

post-twp 

post-twp 

roag.-dist 

poet-vill 

township 

po«t-twp 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-Till 

post-prect 

township 

puat-vill 

poat-twp 

post-Till 

township 

township 

poet-vill 

precinct 

post-Till 

townihip 


Cbnnty. 


Orkiit. 

Grant 

I'iukens.. 

Pickens 

Sevier. 

Bedford 

Ehvx 

Rockingluuu... 

Jeflersou 

Doddridge 

Gilpin 

Grundy 

Marion 

Linn 

Muhlenberg.... 
Muhlenberg.... 

Merrick 

I^wrence 

Fresno , 

Kenton 

MHricin 

Marion 

Nemaha 

Uoone , 

Boone 

Columbia. 

Lewis 

Lewis 

Wood 

KImore 

Antrim 

Goodhue 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Day 

Cherokee 

Cherokee 

Howard 

Attala. 

Ralls 

Ralls 

Camden 

Oconee 

Richland 

Kno.x 

Centre 

Ilolknap 

Sumter 

Jones 

Howard 

Howard 

Clay 

Linn 

Kerr 

Berks 

I.Anderdale 

Johnson 

Bibb 

Bibb 

Boise 

Wayne 

Linn 

Saint  Mary 

Washington.... 
Queen  Anne's. 
Queen  Anne's. 
Saint  Joseph... 

Anoka 

Alleghany 

Montgomery... 

Crawford 

Anderson.^ 

Turner 

Hickman 

Leon 

Fairfax 

Saint  Clair 

Fianklin 

Wayne 

Wayne 

McKean 

Blue  Earth 

Saunders 

.Santa  Fe 

Santa  F6 

Holmes 

IMatt 

Piatt 

Lac-qui-Parle. 

('olumbus 

Hardin 

Columbus 

Columbus 

Dawes. , 

Dawes , 

Cuyahoga. , 


Population. 


188U.      1890. 


126 

2,1U1 

184 

IM 

6,811 

a,7io 

6,356 


1,186 
■J,  626 


648 
1,IK)8 

257 

7!0 
5,0.54 
3,621 

28U 
l,:m 

703 
1,886 


t>u6 
908 
401 
178 


144 

6,5  lU 

3,740 

1,153 

55 

1,538 

3,085 

3,871 

400 

35<,l 

521 


190 
1,643 
316 
2U5 
603 
134 


1,583 
1,644 


875 

1,55;J 

254 

137 

4,;J36 

1,196 

705 

876 

956 

274 

307 

1,977 


287 

223 

2,129 


1,057 

2,161 

462 

975 

620 


2,419 

565 

447 

90 

966 


1,562 


861 

267 

2,695 

396 

196 

7,908 

3,226 

6,56'J 

226 

1,383 

2,480 

673 

304 

467 

2,977 

1,144 

1,368 

619 

510 

981 

6,009 

4,763 

534 

2,122 

1,275 

2,761 

2,842 

2,026 

1,4:!5 

976 

510 

107 

877 

634 

94 

1,909 

347 

10,388 

4,565 

1,226 

155 

1,834 

3,464 

4,798 

585 

441 

479 

428 

210 

1,591 

297 

517 

615 

643 

133 

1,679 

1,622 

l,-'>53 

239 

142 

864 

1,662 

414 

114 

4,125 

1,309 

775 

1,134 

911 

252 

274 

2,327 

723 

498 

288 

2,127 

3,761 

1,(«6 

3,604 

da 

1,207 

560 

211 

659 

446 

409 

2,822 

939 

727 

129 

873 

943 

166 

2,309 

1,867 

1,604 


Kamo  of  place  and 
state. 


Chagrin  Falls,  0 

CliaHooga,  S.i;... 

Chain  of  Ponds,  Me.... 

Chalitninte,  Alxska 

Chalk  Bluir,  Ark 

Chalk  Level,  Mo 

Challis,  Idaho 

Challis,  Idaho 

Chalmers,  III 

Chalybeate,  Ky 

Chalybeate  Sp'gg,  Ark 

Chamx,  N.M 

Chaniberino,  N.M 

Chamberlain,  S.D 

Chamberlain,  S.D 

Chambers,  Ga 

Chamliers,  Neb 

Chambers,  Tenn 

Chambersburg,  III 

Chambersburg,  N.C... 

Chambersburg,  0 

Chambersburg,  0 

Chambersburg,  Pa 

Chamblissburg,  Va 

Chaniisal,  N.M 

Chumita,  N.M 

Chamois,  Mo 

CliampagnoUe,  Ark.... 

Champaign,  III 

Champaign,  III 

Champion,  Mich 

Champion,  Minn 

Champion,  Neb 

Champion,  N.Y 

Champion,  0 

Champlain,  N.Y 

Chumplain,  N.Y......... 

Cliamplin,  Minn 

Champlin,  Minn 

Chanipoeg,  Ore 

Chanarambie,  Minn.... 

Clianayville,  Tex 

Chanceford,  Pa 

Chancellor,  Va 

Chancey  Store,  Ga 

Chancy,  Iowa. 

Chandler,  Ga 

Chamller,  Mich 

Chandler,  Mich 

Chandler,  Mich 

Chandlerville,  111 

ChHndlerville,  III 

Clianhassen,  Minn 

Channahatchee,  Ala... 

Channahon,  III 

Chunute,  Kan 

Chapel,  Md 

Chapel,  Mo 

Chapel,  Va 

Cliiipel  Hill,  Ga 

Chapel  Hill,  N.C 

Cliapel  Hill,  N.C 

Chapelle,  S.D 

Chaperito,  N.M 

Chapin,  Mich 

Chapin,  Neb 

Chaplin,  Conn 

Chaplin,  Ky 

Chaplin,  Ky 

Chapman,  Kan 

Chapman,  Kan 

Chiipman,  Kan 

Chapman,  Neb 

Chapman,  Neb 

Chapman,  Pa 

Chapman,  Pa _.... 

Chapman,  Pa 

Chapmanville,  W.  Va. 

ChappaquH,  N.Y 

Chappell,  Neb 

Chaptico,  Md 

Chardun,  O 

Chardon,  0 

Chariton,  Iowa 

Chariton,  Iowa 

Chariton,  Iowa 

Chariton,  Mo 

Chariton,  Mo 

Chariton,  Mo 

Chariton,  Mo 

Chariton,  Mo 

Charity,  Tenn 

Charlemont,  Mass 

Charlemont,  Va 

Charles  City,  Iowa 

Charles  City,  Iowa 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-Till 

township 

township 

village 

township 

piisttwp 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

township 

post  prect 

precinct 

township 

city 

mil.-dist 

l>ost-twp 

civil-dist 

post-twp 

township 

village 

post-vill 

po8t-lx)ro' 

utag.-dist 

precinct 

l>08t-prect 

post-town 

township 

t>>wnship 

city 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

lK>st-vill 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-twp 

mag  -dist 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

JH)8t-tWp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

city 

district 

township 

mag.-ilist 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

inag.-dist 

post  vili 

township 

post  vill 

township 

post-twp 

precitict 

township 

liorough 

post-twp 

mag.- dist 

post-vill 

post-prect 

■listrict 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

civil-dist 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

tuwuship 

post-vill 


County. 


Cuyahoga.. 

Oconee , 

Fianklin... 


Clay 

Saint  Clair 

Custer 

Custer 

McDonough... 

Wolfe 

Stone 

Rio  Arriba 

Donna  Ana 

Brul6 

Brul6 

Catoosa.^ 

Holt 

Scott 

Pike 

Iredell 

Gallia... 

Montgomery... 

Franklin 

Bedford 

Taos 

Rio  ArrilM 

Osage 

Callioiin 

C'liamptiign 

Champaign 

Marquette 

Wilkin 

Chase 

Jefferson 

Trumbull 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Hennepin 

Hennepin 

Marion 

Murniy 

Harris 

York 

S|>ottsylvauia.. 

Houston 

Clinton 

Jackson 

Charlevoix 

Huron 

Manitou 

Cass 

Cass 

Carver 

Elmore 

Will 

Neosho 

Talbot 

Howell 

Clarke 

Douglas 

Orange 

Orange 

Hyde.. 

San  Miguel 

Saginaw 

Wayne 

Windham 

Nelson 

Nelson 

ClHy 

Dickinson 

Ottawa 

Merrick 

Saunders  

('linton 

Noriliamptou. 

Snyder 

Logan 

Westchester.... 

Deuel 

."•aint  Mary's... 

Geauga 

Geauga 

Ap|«noo8c 

Lucas 

Lnc»8. 

Chariton 

Howard 

Macon 

Randolph 

Schu.vler 

Moore 

Franklin 

Bedfoid 

Floyd 

Floyd 


Popnlatlon. 


1,211 

718 


920 
801 


614 

1,139 

671 


627 


690 

737 

1,305 

202 

lift 

6,877 

3.941 


562 

820 

6,'.I09 

5,103 

1.482 


2,259 
866 
5,407 
1,509 
4.-)6 
240 
662 
131 


2,994 

1,982 

839 

623 

1,316 


549 
407 


681 
1,178 

980 
1,105 

887 
3,099 

217 
1,949 

580 
3,124 

831 


646 


627 

2,331 

140 

416 

114 

846 

443 

638 

938 

382 

1,126 

1,374 


2, 
2, 

1,: 

4 

1,10 
1,'. 
76 

91; 


;j56 

,006 

I 

904 

B5 

3 

932 

.3,057 


2,421 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890   COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


CharleBton,  Ark 

Charleston,  III 

Charleston,  111 

Chiirlcston,  Iowa 

Charleston  Kan 

Charleston,  Ac,  Ky.... 

Charleston,  Me 

Charleston,  Mich 

Charleston,  Minn , 

Charleston,  Miss 

Charleston,  Mo 

Charleston,  N.Y 

Charleston,  N.C , 

Charleston,  Pa 

Charleston,  S.C 

Charleston,  Tenn 

Charleston,  Utah 

Charleston,  Vt 

Charleston,  W.  Va 

Charleston,  W.  Va 

Charlestown,  Ind 

Charlestown,  Ind 

Charlestown,  Mil 

Charlestown,  N.H 

Charlestown,  0 

Charlestown,  Pa 

Charlestown,  R.I 

Charlestown,  W.  Va.... 
Charlestown,  W.  Va.... 

Charlestown,  Wis 

Charlevoix,  Mich 

Charlevoix,  Mich 

Charlie  Apopka,  Fla.... 

Charlotte,  III 

Charlotte,  Iowa 

Charlotte,  Me 

Charlotte,  Mich 

Charlotte,  Mo 

Charlotte,  K.Y 

Charlotte,  N.Y 

Charlotte,  N.C 

Charlotte,  N.C 

Charlotte,  Tenn 

Charlotte,  Vt. 

Charlotte  Harbor,  Fla. 

Charlottesville,  Va 

Charlottesville,  Va 

Chiirlton,  Iowa 

Charlton,  Mass 

Charlton,  Mich 

Charlton,  N.Y 

Charrette,  Mo 

Charter  Oak,  Iowa 

Charter  Oak,  Iowa 

Chartiers,  Pa 

Chartiers,  Pa 

Chartiers,  Pa 

Chase,  Col 

Chase,  Kan 

Chase,  Mich 

Chase,  Mich 

Chase,  Neb 

Chase,  Neb 

Chase,  Wis 

Chase  City,  Va 

Chaseville,  Fla 

Chaska,  Minn.. 

Cliaska,  Minn 

Chassell,  Mich 

Chataqua,  Cal 

Chateaugay,  N.Y 

Chateaugay,  N.Y 

Chatfield,  Minn , 

Cliatfield,  Minn , 

Chatfield,  Minn , 

Chatfield,  0 , 

Chatham,  Conn 

Chalhani,  111 , 

Chatham,  111 

Chatham,  Ky 

Chatham,  Mass 

Chatham,  Minn 

Chatham,  N.H 

Chatham,  N.J 

Chatham,  N.Y 

Chatham,  N.Y 

Chatham,  0 

Chatham,  Pa 

Chatham,  Va 

Chatham,  Va 

Chatsworth,  III 

Cliatsworlh,  III 

Chaitnhoocliee,  Fla.... 

Chattahoochee,  Ga 

Chattanooga,  t'ol 

Chattanooga,  Tenn.... 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-town 

township 

ciiy 

|iost-twp 

townsliip 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

township 

post- town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

city 

l)ost-town 

post-prect 

township 

mag.-dist 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

mag.  dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

(H)St-tWp 

post-town 

post-town 

city 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-town 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

city 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

post  twp 

post  vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

l>06t-vill 

village 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

city 


County. 


Franklin 

Coles 

Coles 

Lee 

Washington 

Hopkins 

Penobscot 

Kalamazoo 

Redwood 

Tallahatchie.... 

Mississippi 

Montgomery.  .. 

Swain  

Tioga 

Charleston 

Bradley 

Wasatch 

Orleans 

Kanawha 

Kanawha 

Clarke 

Clarke 

Cecil 

Sullivan 

Portage 

Chester 

Washington 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Calumet 

Charlevoix 

Charlevoix 

DeSoto 

Livingston 

Clinton 

Washington 

Katon 

Bates 

Chautauqua 

Monroe..., 

Mecklenburg... 
Mecklenburg... 

Dickson 

Chittenden 

DeSoto , 

Albemarle 

Albemarle 

Appanoose 

Worcester 

Otsego , 

Saratoga 

Warren , 

Crawford 

Crawford , 

Alleghany , 

Alleghany 

Washington.... 

Arapahoe 

Rice 

Lake 

Lake 

Chase 

Keith 

Oconto 

Mecklenburg... 

Duval 

Carver 

Carver 

Houghton 

Los  Angeles.... 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Fillmore 

Fillmore 

Olmsted 

Crawford 

Middlesex 

Sangamon 

Sangamon 

Bracken 

Barnstable 

Wright 

Carroll 

Morris 

Columbia 

Columbia 

Medina 

Tioga 

Pittsylvania.... 
Pittsylvania.... 

Livingston 

Livingston 

Gadsden 

Forsyth 

San  Juan 

Hamilton 


Population. 


393 

4,295 

2,867 

1,03.') 

466 

1,575 

1,110 

1,193 

304 

368 

1,028 

1,3:14 

1,352 

2,193 

49,984 

359 

246 

1,204 

5,.564 

4,192 

3,099 

1,103 

211 

1,587 

6.33 

902 

1,117 

3,828 

2,016 

l,3.-)4 

619 

512 


853 
294 
489 

2,910 
966 

1,667 

96J 

10,547 

7,094 


1,342 


5,452 
2,676 

836 
1,900 

100 
1,474 
2,806 

286 


3,346 
1,852 
2,18» 


1,087 
273 


187 
1,068 


2,828 

680 

720 

1,166 

1,166 

1,266 

1,967 

1,377 

454 


2,250 

274 

421 

4,276 

4,574 

1,765 

1,006 

1,317 

6,463 

543 

1,869 

1,054 


1,142 


370 

5,4,50 

4,l:i5 

990 

652 

3,920 

971 

984 

646 

412 

1,381 

1,174 

2,669 

1,889 

54,955 

394 

501 

1,058 

10,222 

6,742 

2,773 

888 

228 

1,466 

688 

790 

915 

4,524 

2,287 

1,362 

2,518 

1,496 

270 

747 

231 

3S1 

3,867 

972 

1,441 

930 

15,304 

11,.5.57 

427 

1,240 

182 

3,978 

6,.59l 

594 

1,847 

149 

1,175 

2,480 

1,214 

567 

7,808 

2,983 

1,941 

230 

358 

1,169 

388 

171 

83 

913 

618 

305 

366 

2,210 

680 

668 

2,965 

1,172 

647 

1,335 

1,335 

1,201 

1,949 

1,392 

482 

762 

1,954 

498 

329 

4,681 

4,019 

1,912 

987 

1,208 

7,394 

757 

l,.'i78 

827 

383 

1,106 

51 

29,100 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Chattanooga  Valley,Ga. 

Chattooga,  S.C 

Ghaumont,  N.Y 

Chauncey,  Ga 

Chautauqua,  N.Y 

Chazy,  N.Y 

Chabanse,  111 

Chebanse,  111 

Cheboygan,  Mich 

Checliers,  Ga 

Chechinamute,  Alaska 

Cheek  Creek,  N.C 

Cheektowaga,  N.Y 

Cheever,  Kan 

Chehalis,  Wash 

Chelialis,  Wash 

Chelnisfonl,  Mass 

Chelsea,  Iowa 

Chelsea,  Kan 

Chelsea,  Me 

Chelsea,  Mass 

Chelsea,  Mich 

Chelsea,  Neb 

Chelsea,  Vt 

Chelsea,  Wis 

Cheltenham,  Pa 

Chemung,  111 

Chemung,  N.Y 

Chenang,  N.Y 

Cheney,  Kan 

Cheyney,  Wash 

Cheney  Grove,  III 

Cheneyville,  La 

Chengwatana,  Minn.... 

Chenoa,  111 

Cheiioa,  III 

Chepultepec,  Ala 

Chequest,  Iowa 

Cheraw,  S.C 

Cheniw,  S.C 

Chernovsky,  Alaska 

Cherokee,  Ala 

Cherokee,  Ark 

Cherokee,  Iowa 

Cherokee,  Iowa 

Cherokee,  Kan 

Cherokee,  Kan 

Cherokee,  Kan 

Cherokee,  S.C 

Cherokee,  S.C 

Cherry,  Kan 

Cherry,  Pa 

Cherry,  Pa 

Cherry,  S.D 

Cherry  Creek,  Idaho.... 

Cherry  Cieek,  Kan 

Cherry  Creek,  Neb 

Cherry  Creek,  N.Y  .... 

Cherry  Creek,  N.Y 

Cherryfield,  Me 

Cherry  Grove,  111 

Cherry  Grove,  Mich 

Cherry  Grove,  Minn.... 

Cherry  Grove,  Pa 

Cherry  Hill,  Ky 

Cherry  Hill,  Pa 

Cherry  Lake,  Fla 

Cherry  Lane,  N.C 

Cherry  Log,  Ga 

Cherry  Ridge,  Pa 

Cherry  Tree,  Pa 

Cherry  Tree,  Pa 

Cherrv  Vale,  Kan 

Cherry  Valley,  111 

Cherry  Valley,  Mich.  .. 
Cherry  Valley,  Mo. 
Cherry  Valley,  N.M 
Cherry  Valley,  N.Y, 
Cherry  Valley,  N.Y. 
Cherry  Valley,  0.... 
Cherryville,  N.M.... 

Cherryville,  N.C 

Cherryville,  Ore 

Chesaning,  Mich.... 
Chesaning,  Mich.... 

Chesapeake,  Va 

Chesapeake,  Va 

Chesapeake  City,  Md... 
Chesapeake  City,  Md .. 

Chesher,  Ky 

Cheshire,  Conn 

Cheshire,  Mass 

Cheshire,  Mich 

Cheshire,  O 

Cheshire,  Ore 

Chest,  Pa. 


Rank  of 
place. 


mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

city 

mil.-dist 

hamlet 

township 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

city 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

city 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post  twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post  town 

township 

post-ward 

township 

township 

post-vill 

iwst-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

hamlet 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

townsliip 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-tw'p 

mag-dist 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

borough 

post-twp 

city 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

|)ost-twp 

precinct 

post-twp 

piist-prect 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

mag  -dist 

district 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

IKJSt  town 

lX)8t-tOWIl 

post-twp 
post-twp 
precinct 
township 


County. 


Walker 

Oconee 

Jefferson , 

Dodge 

Chautauqua., 

Clinton 

Iroquois 

Iroqnois.. ...... 

Cheboygan.... 

Rabun 


Montgomery  ... 

Erie 

Dickinson 

Lewis 

Lewis 

Middlesex 

Tama 

Butler 

Kennebec 

Suffolk 

Washtenaw 

Fillmore 

Orange 

Taylor 

Montgomery.,.. 

McHenry 

Chemung 

Broome 

Sedgwick 

Spokane 

McLean 

Rapides 

Pine 

McLean 

McLean 

Blount 

Van  Buren 

Chesterfield 

Chesterfield 


Colbert 

Benton 

Cherokee 

Cherokee 

Cherokee 

Crawford 

Montgomery.... 
Spartanburg.... 

York 

Montgomery..., 

Butler 

Sullivan 

Jerauld 

Oneida 

Cheyenne 

Buffalo 

Chautauqua 

Chautauqua 

Washington 

Carroll , 

Wexford 

Goodhue 

Warren 

Trigg 

Indiana 

Madison 

Alleghany 

Gilmer 

Wayne 

Indiana 

Venango 

Montgomery... 

Winnebago 

Lake 

Carroll 

Mora 

Otsego 

Otsego .... 

Ashtabula 

Socorro 

Gaston 

Clackamas 

Saginaw 

Saginaw 

Elizabeth  City, 

Mathews 

Cecil 

Cecil 

Anderson 

New  Haven.... 

Berkshire 

Allegan 

Gallia 

Lane 

Cambria 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


3,576 
3,147 
2,,')51 

728 
2,269 

508 


989 

2,327 

579 


2,553 

263 

340 

1,.')37 

21,782 

1,160 

577 

1,462 

298 

3,236 

2,69(t 

2,098 

1,590 


1,826 
4,131 
115 
2,036 
1,063 


982 

3,561 

91K 


761 


1,94( 

1,523 

996 

506 

837 

2,906 

2,441 

1,57(1 

1,161 

2,172 


1,3,54 
448 

1,793 

l,l(il 
275 

1,086 
1,58 
755 

2,243 

1,305 
627 
430 
881 
380 

1,61H 
690 

1,271 
119 


2,260 
856 
698 


2,356 


2,0,59 
8S9 
5,071 
2,384 
3,080 
1,402 
2,192 
2,284 
1,5:J7 
1,404 
2,030 


627 


686 
711 

623 

633 

3,2o9 

2,S67 

2,282 

616 

6,2;i6 

566 

84 

824 

2,974 

733 

1,818 

1,309 

2,696 

318 

558 

2,356 

27,909 

1,366 

786 

1,230 

613 

4,746 

3,057 

1,610 

1,448 

304 

647 

1,849 

4,272 

93 

2,0(14 

1,226 

1,479 

816 

3,923 

976 

78 

1,811 

3&5 

3,936 

3,441 

1,963 

1,087 

735 

3,662 

3,364 

940 

1,433 

2,367 

151 

2:16 

251 

374 

1,481 

676 

1,787 

988 

216 

901 

383 

781 

1,9.57 

1,296 

688 

521 

673 

324 

1,246 

2,104 

1,106 

301 

457 

194 

1,803 

685 

677 

36 

2,466 

10:{ 

2,361 

1,('56 

9,815 

2,1.52 

2,426 

1,1.56 

2,1C5 

1,929 

1,308 

1,457 

1,824 

211 


77 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  TIIE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kkine  of  place  and 
•Uta. 


Cheat,  Plu 

Cbr*t«l««,  Oa. 

ClKttMlM,  Oa. M 

r'li««ler,  Ark 

Cho.ter,  Ark., 

Clieater,  Ark 

Cheater,  Ark ~ 

CbMter,  CunD„ 

Cheater.  Ill 

Cheater,  III 

Cheater,  III 

Cheater,  Ind 

Cheater,  Ind 

Cheater,  Iowa. 

Cheater,  Iowa 

Cheater,  Ky 

Cheater,  Ble 

Cheater,  Blaas. 

Chester,  Mich 

Cheater,  Mich 

Cheater,  Mich 

Cheater,  Blinn 

Cheuter,  Neb 

Cheater,  Neb 

Cheater,  Neb 

Chester,  Neb 

Cheater,  N.H 

Cheater,  N.J 

Clieater,  N.J 

Cheater,  N.Y 

Cheater,  N.Y 

Cheater,  N.O 

Cheater,  0.._ 

Cheater,  O..- 

Cheater,  0 

Clieater,  O 

Cheater,  0..„ 

Cheater,  Ha 

Cheater,  Pa 

Cheater,  S.C 

Chenter,  S.C 

Cheater,  8.D 

Cheater,  Utah 

Clieater,  Vt 

Cheater,  Wla 

Cheatei  field,  Idaho 

Chesterfield,  III 

OhcHterfielil,  III 

Cheaterfield,  Mna'* 

Cheaterfteltl,  Mich 

Cheaterfield,  N  H 

Cheaterfield,  N.J 

Cheaterfield,  N.Y 

Cheaterfield,  0 

Chester  Hill.  Pa 

Chesterton,  Ind 

Cheatertown,  Mil 

Clieatertowii,  Md. 

Cheaterville,  Me 

Che«ter\ille.  0 

Chestnut,  III 

iCiieatnut  Bluff,  Tenu... 

Chealnut  Klat,  Ga. 

Clieatnnt  Hill,  N.C 

Cheatnnt  Hill,  Pa 

Oieatniit  Log,  Ga 

Che^tonia,  Mich 

Chest  Springa,  Pa 

Chesiincook,  Me 

Chetco,  Ore 

Chetek,  Wia. 

Chetek,  Wis. 

Cheto|)a,  Kan„ 

Chetitiia,  Kan„ 

Cheto|ia,  Kan 

Chewiincan,  Ore 

Chewarille,  Md 

Cheyenne,  Kan 

Cheyenne,  Kan 

Cheyenne,  N  D 

Cheyenne,  Wyo 

Cheyenne    Falls   Mill, 

N.D 

0iii-ago,  HI 

Cliirago,  Ky 

ChiCNgo,  Neb 

Chicago  Junction,  0 

Oilcan.  Ala-ka 

aiiraskhi,  Kan._ 

Chicaakia,  Kan 

Chieaakia,  Kan 

Chlchnater,  N.H 

Chickalah,  Ark 

CliickHliomlny,  Va... 
Cliickaniai'oniico      and 

Keunekeet,  N.C.. 

78 


Rank  of 
place. 


towmhip 

nill.-dlat 

niil.-diat 

township 

township 

poat-rill 

tow  nab  ip 

poat  town 

township 

precinct 

city 

townahip 

township 

IX «t  twp 

ttiwnaliip 

nMg.-di4t 

township 

|ioet-town 

puet-ttvp 

township 

townahip 

townahip 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

poat-vill 

|Kiat-ti>wn 

townaliip 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

townahip 

townahip 

po8t-twj> 

township 

townahip 

township 

city 

townahip 

post-vlll 

|X)8t-tWp 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

jtoat-prect 

townahip 

poat-vill 

poft  town 

jKjet-twp 

IHWt-town 

|H>8t-tWp 

township 

township 

borough 

|>o8t-viU 

district 

post-vill 

post-town 

poat-vill 

township 

civil-dist 

mil.-dist 

townahip 

township 

luil.-ilist 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

city 

township 

township 

precinct 

district 

townxliip 

townaliip 

towufthip 

city 

townahip 

city 

niag.-dist 

precinct 

vilUge 

hamlet 

township 

township 

township 

poat-town 

post-twp 

iiiag.-d  St 

townahip 


County. 


Cloarfleldj 

Forayth 

Lnmpkiu 

Arkauaas 

Crawford..™... 

Crawford 

Dnilaa 

Middleaez 

Logan , 

Randolph 

Kandoipii 

Wahash 

Wella 

Howard.. 

Poweahiek 

Mnsnn 

Penobscot 

Ham|>den 

Eaton 

Otacgo 

Ottawa 

Waba-iha. 

Brown 

Saunders.. „... 

Thayer 

Thayer 

Rockingham 
Burlington  ... 

Morria 

Orange 

Warren 

Grand  Forks.. 

Clinton 

Oeanga 

Meigs. 

Morrow 

W«yne 

DelnWHie 

Delaware 

Chester. 

Chester 

Lake 

San  Pete 

Windsor 

Dodge 

Bingham 

Macoupin 

Macoupin 

Ham|>8hire..., 

Macomb 

Cheshire 

Burlington.... 

Essex 

Fulton 

Clearfield 

Porter. 

Kent 

Kent 

Franklin 

Morrow 

Knox 

Crockett 

Walker 

Ashe 

Monroe 

DonglHS 

Antrim 

Camiiria 

Piscataquis ... 

Curry  _ 

Barron 

Barron 

I.al>ette 

Neosho 

Wila..n 

I4tke 

Waahington.. 

Barton 

Ijine 

Richland 

Laramie 


Barnes... 

Cook 

Marion.. 
Donglaa.. 
Huron 


Harper 

Kingman 

Sumner 

Merrimack... 

Yell 

Charles  City. 

Dare 


Population. 


188<i.       1890. 


i,nee 

1,6U4 

•no 


654 
1,177 

87a 
4,661 

4,40« 

1,0*>8 

U23 

624 


362 
1,471 
1,495 


1,70:» 
1,007 


51)1 
310 


i,i;i6 
2,a'5.5 

2,3:n 
2,229 
2,247 


1,443 

748 
1,752 

975 
2,lll5 

582 

14,997 

6,964 

l,h99 


188 

1,9()I 

750 


I,:i65 
195 
709 
2,:!49 
1,171 
1,525 
2,752 
1,011 


488 

4,126 

2,:«9 

955 

206 

1,087 

1,079 

513 

1,815 

1,513 

659 

248 

305 

82 

236 

1,286 


1,20:1 
793 
179 
973 
686 


3,456 


503,186 


r.6 

662 


697 


S64 

784 

240 

1,464 

631 


1,814 

1,291 

418 

696 

724 

222 

661 

1,301 

854 

4,344 

2,708 

6,438 

1,937 

487 

679 

1,300 

368 

1,295 

1,420 

177 

1,6.54 

973 

42 

801 

1,027 

407 

958 

3,768 

1,625 

2,112 

2,173 

384 

1,246 

620 

1,604 

877 

1,837 

678 

20,226 

6,955 

2,703 

329 

2.59 

1,787 

736 

361 

1,498 

«74 

608 

2,121 

1,046 

1,2.53 

2,548 

997 

563 

931 

4,227 

2,&12 

770 

268 

919 

1,031 

560 

1,162 

1,469 

691 

637 

265 

66 

215 

1,728 

406 

2,265 

1,499 

817 

363 

917 

6«:l 

207 

241 

11,690 

320 

1,099,850 

903 

1,075 

1,299 

38 

4.53 

610 

464 

661 

247 

1,260 

793 


Kama  of  place  and 
statu. 


Chlckaming,  Mich 

Chickasaw,  Ala 

Chickasaw,  Iowa 

Chickasawba,  Ark 

Chickasaw  Hatchee,Ga. 

Chick's  Hpi'iugs,  8.C 

Chico,  Cal 

Chico,  Cal 

Chico,  Mont 

Chico,  Tex 

Chlcoa,  N.C. 

Chicopee,  Kan 

Chicopee,  Mass 

Chico  Springs,  N.M 

Chicota,  Tex 

Chignik  Bay,  Alaska... 

Chihuahua,  Col 

ChiUtersburg,  Ala 

Childersburg,  Ala 

Childersville,  Ala 

Chilhowee,  Mo 

Chili.  Ill 

Chili.  N.Y 

Chilili,  N.M 

Chilill,  N.M 

Chilkaht  I.ake,  Alaska 

ChilUat,  Alaska 

Chilkoot,  Alaska 

Chillalchie,  Ala 

Chillicothe,  111 

Chillicothe,  III 

Chillicothe,  Iowa 

Chillicothe,  Mo 

Chillicothe,  Mo 

Chillicothe,  O 

Chillisquaque,  Pa 

Chilmark,  Mass 

Cbilton,  Wis 

Chilton,  Wis 

Chiniacum,  Wash „. 

Chimnvo,  N.M 

Chiniayo,  N.M 

Chimiiigyangamute, 

Alaska 

Chimney  Kock,  N.C 

Chimney  Rock,  Ore 

Cliimnev  Ruck,  Wis 

China,  III 

China,  Me.„ 

China,  Mich 

China  Grove,  Ala 

China  Grove,  N.C 

China  Grove,  N.C 

Cliincoteague,  Va 

Chfiibubee,  Ala 

Cbino,  Cal 

Chinquapin,  N.C 

Chinquapin,  S.C 

Chinquapin,  S.C 

Chipco,  Fla 

Chipeta,  Ac,  Col 

Chipley,FI« 

Chipley,  Fla 

Chippewa,  Mich. 

Chippewa,  Mich 

Chippewa,  0 

Chippewa,  Pa 

Chippewa  Falls,  Minn.. 
Chippewa  Falls,  Wis.... 

Chireno,  Tex 

Chisago  Lake,  Minn.... 

Chittenango,  N.Y 

Chittenden.  Vt 

Chitwood,  Tenn 

Chivington,  Col 

Chivington.  Col 

Chloride,  N.M 

Choccolocco,  Ala 

Chocolay,  Mich 

Choconut,  Pa 

Chocowinity,  N.C 

Choctaw,  Ark 

Choctaw,  Ark 

Choctaw  Corner,  Ala.... 

Choestoe,  Ga 

Chokee,  Ga 

Chokfoktoleghaga- 

miite,  Alaska..... 

Cliohime,  Cal 

Cholame,  Cal 

ChollHs.Cal 

Cliouteau,  III 

Chri.tnian,  111 

Chri«tanganiiite,  Alas... 

Christ  Church,  S.C 

Christian,  Ark 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

precinct 

post-twp 

piist-twp 

mil.-dist 

poat-town 

township 

poat-vill 

post-prect 

|H)8t-town 

townahip 

p<«t-vill 

|)oat-town 

post-prect 

poat-vill 

village 

post-prect 

precinct 

|)08t-Vill 

precinct 

post-twp 

|>ost-twp 

|)08t-town 

iu'ecinct 

|xj8t-prect 

iinmlet 

pcist-vill 

village 

precinct 

township 

city 

post-town 

township 

city 

city 

post-twp 

post-town 

towuBhip 

l>08t-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

hamlet 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

poBt-twp 

post-prect 

township 

lK)st-vill 

island 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post  prect 

precinct 

precinct 

city 

township 

township 

township 

townahip 

t'lwnship 

city 

post-vlll 

township 

I)ost-vlll 

post-town 

civil  dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

IKjst-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

townahip 

|)oet-twp 

poft-prect 

mil  -dist 

niil.-dist 

hamlet 

township 

poBt-twp 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

lismlet 

township 

township 


County. 


B4<rrlen 

Colbert 

Chickasaw.. 
Miasisslppi,. 

Terrell 

Greenville., 

Butte 

Butte 

Park 

Wise 

Pitt 

Crawford.... 
Hampden... 

Colfax 

Lamar 


Summit.... 
Talladega.. 
Talladega.. 

Coffee 

Johnson.... 
Hancock.... 

Monroe 

Bernalillo.. 
Santa  F£... 


Dallas 

Peoria 

Peoria 

Wapello 

Livingston....... 

Livingston 

lioss 

Northumberl'd 

Dukes 

Calumet 

Calumot 

Jefferson 

Rio  Arriba. 

Sauta  ¥6 


Rutherford...... 

Jackson 

Trempealeau.... 

Lee 

Kennebec 

faint  Clair 

Pike 

Rovan 

Rowan 

Accomack; 

Talladega 

San  Bernardino 

Duplin 

Aiken 

I^exington 

Pasco 

Pitkin 

Washington 

Washington 

Isabella 

Mecosta 

Wayne 

Beaver 

Pope 

Chippewa 

Nacgdoches  ... 

Cliisago 

Madison 

Rutland 

Scott 

Kidwa 

Kiowa 

Sierra 

Calhoun 

Marquette 

Susquehanna... 

Beaufort 

Lincoln 

Van  Buren 

Clarke 

Union 

Lee 


Monterey 

San  lid  is  Obispo 
San  Hiego..., 

Madison 

Edgar 


Population. 


e9«i 
1,794 
1,289 

864 
1,8<»9 
2,247 
6,239 
3,800 


292 
2,623 


11,280 


1,243 


198 
1,716 
1,418 
2,274 


669 

1,357 

9.30 

234 

6,860 
4,078 
10,938 
1,737 
494 
1,361 
1,132 


1,:«6 
187 


1,411 

1,709 
1,028 
1,044 


26 


1,663 


487 
1,208 


487 
445 

3,527 
908 
273 

3,982 


1,362 
954 

1,092 
876 


974 

5:17 

2,400 

952 


1,672 

7h5 

1,946 


1,094 
541 


Berkeley 5,1.53      5,6:J0 

Independence...     1,891     2,066 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Cliristiana,  Del 

Cliristiaiia,  Del 

Christiana,  Minn 

Christiana,  Wis 

Cliristiana,  \Vj» 

Christiansburg,  Ky 

Christiansburg,  Va 

Christiansville,  Va 

Christie  Creek,  Ky 

Christy,  111 

Chnckatuck,  Va 

Chuckey  Bottom,  Tenn. 
Chnckey  Knubbs,  Tenn 

Chulafinnee,  Ala 

Cbula  Vista,  Cal 

Chuligmute,  Alaska 

Cbuligmiite,  Ujiper, 

Alaska ^. 

Chulio,  Ga 

Chunchubt,  Ala 

Church,  W.Va 

Church  Creek,  Md 

Church  Creek,  Md 

Churchill.  Ala 

Church  Hill,  Ala 

Church  Hill,  Md 

Church  Hill.  Md 

Churchill,  Mich 

Churchville,  N.Y 

Cliurchville,  Pa 

Churchwood,  Vii 

Churdan,  Iowa 

Cliurubusco,  Ind 

Cicero,  III 

Cicero,  Ind 

Cicero,  Ind 

Cicero,  N.Y 

Cicero,  Wis 

Cienega,  N.M 

Ciguela,  N.M 

Cimarron,  Col 

Cimarron,  Kan 

Cimarron,  Kan 

Cimarron,  Kan 

Cimarron,  Kan 

Cimarron,  Kan 

Cimarron,  N.M 

Cimilorio,  N.M 

Cincinnati,  Ark 

Cincinnati,  111 

Cincinnati,  III 

Cincinnati,  Iowa 

Cincinnati,  Iowa 

Cincinnati,  0 

Cincinnatus,  N.Y 

Cinesoro,  Col 

Ginnaminson,  N.J 

Cinque  Homme,  Mo 

Circleville,  Kan 

Circleville.O 

Circleville,  0 

Circleville,  Utah 

Circleville,  W.  Va 

Cisco,  Tex 

Citra,  Fla 

Citronelle,  Ala 

City,  Ga 

City  Island,  N.Y 

City  Point,  Va 

Civil  Bend,  Ore 

Civil  liend,  S.D 

Clackamas,  Ore 

Claiborne,  Ala 

Claiborne,  Ark 

Claiborne  0 

Clam  Falls,  Wis 

Clam  Lake,  Mich 

Clam  Union,  Midi 

Clancey,  Mont 

Clan  ton,  Ala 

Clanton,  Ala 

Claquato,  Wash 

Clara,  Pa 

Clare,  Mich 

Clare,  N.Y 

Clare,  S  D 

Claremont,  Cal 

Olaremont,  Col 

Claremont,  III 

Claremont,  III 

Clari'mont,  Minn 

Claremont,  N  H 

Claremont,  S.D 

Claremont,  S.D 

Clarence,  Iowa 

Clarence,  Kan... 


Rank  of 
place. 


hundred 

l)ogt-vill 

township 

town'thip 

township 


mag. 
mag, 
mag. 


.-dist 
-dist 
-dist 


precinct 

township 

mag.-dist 

oivil-dist 

civll-dist 

post-prect 

post-preet 

hamlet 

hamlet 

mi  I. -dist 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

district 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

district 

post-vill 

|)Ogt-twp 

post-vill 

village 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post  town 

township 

city 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

post-prect 

post-prnct 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

town-^liip 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 


County, 


New  Castle 

New  Castle 

Jackson 

Dane 

Vernon 

Shelby 

Montgomery.. 
Mecklenburg.. 

Rowan 

Lawrence 

Nansemoud 

Cocke 

Cocke 

Cleburne 

San  Diego 


Floyd 

Mobile.^ , 

Wetzel , 

Dorchester... 
Dorchester.., 

Lowndes 

Tallapoosa... 
Queen  Anne's... 
Queen  Anne's... 

Ogemaw 

Monroe 

Dauphin 

Pulaski , 

Greene 

Whitley 

Cook 

Hamilton 

Tipton 

Onondaga 

Outagamie 

Valencia 

Mora 

Montrose , 

Clark , 

Gray 

Meade 

Morton , 

Seward 

Colfax 

Colfax 

Washington...., 

Pike 

Tazewell 

Appanoose 

Harrison , 

Hamilton , 

Cortland 

Conejos 

Burlington , 

Perry 

Jackson 

Pickaway 

Pickaway 

Pi  Ute 

Pendleton 

Eastland 

Marion 

Mobile 

Morgan 

Westchester 

Prince  George. 

Douglas , 

Union 

Clackamas 

Monroe 

Izurd 

Union 

Polk 

Wexford , 

Missaukee 

Jefferson 

Chilton , 

Chilton 

Lewis 

Potter , 

Clare , 

.*aint  Lawrence 

Moody 

Alameda 

Kit  Carson.., 

Richland 

Richland  ... 

Dodge 

Sullivan , 

Brown 

Brown 

Cedar , 

Barton, 


Population. 


6,140 

a9U 

4;J5 

l,8o!t 

1,:«)5 

2,(ni 

4,772 
2,768 
861 
2,069 
3,848 


1,8.51 
1,349 


2,219 
2U 

2,511 

1,:W7 
331 

1,032 
714 

4,028 
230 
146 
513 
238 


720 
5,182 

715 
4,078 
2,9:i4 

777 


200 


871 

189 

661 

255,139 

1,093 


2,184 
1,449 

122 
6,.541 
6,046 

416 
1,313 


1,081 

2,956 

989 

484 


2,552 


2,558 
115 

620 
402 


2,407 


2.38 
502 


1,731 
163 
582 

4,704 


607 
489 


6,144 

318 

588 

2,379 

1,521 

3,328 

5,215 

3,419 

1,.353 

2,063 

3,700 

917 

1,080 

1,465 

289 

32 

30 

2,286 

258 

2,240 

1,131 

396 

1,034 

720 

2,452 

596 

318 

493 

603 

346 

377 

869 

10,204 

6;il 

6,010 

2,636 

952 

331 

282 

150 

77 

445 

184 

116 

6:J 

335 

142 

138 

845 

758 

432 

C64 

296,908 

956 

263 

3,966 

l,57.i 

215 

7,104 

6,556 

458 

1,370 

1,06:5 

387 

1,228 

3,091 

1,06 

409 

352 

608 

608 

2,802 

631 

2,903 

203 

881 

678 

134 

3,018 

623 

716 

290 

1,174 

2S1 

331 

272 

156 

1,552 

212 

704 

5,565 

557 

121 

629 

386 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Clarence,  Mich 

Clarence,  Mo 

Clarence,  N.Y 

Clarendon,  Ark 

Clarendon,  Mich.... 

Clarendon,  N.Y 

Clarendon,  Pa 

Clarendon,  Tex 

Clarendon,  Vt 

Claridon,  O 

Claridon,  0 

Clarinda,  Iowa 

Clarington.  0 

Clarion,  111 

Clarion,  Iowa 

Clarion,  Iowa 

Clarion,  Pa 

Clarion,  Pa 

Clark,  Ala 

Clark,  Ark 

Clark,  Ark 

Clark,  Ark 

Clark,  Ark 

Clark,  Ind 

Clark,  Ind 

Clark,  Ind 

Clark,  Iowa 

Clark,  Kan 

Clark,  Minn 

Clark,  Mo 

Clark,  Mo 

Clark,  Mo 

Clark,  Mo 

Chirk,  Mo 

Clark,  Neb 

Clark,  N.J 

Claik,  S.D 

Clark,  W.  Va 

Clark  City,  N.  D  ... 
Clark  Creek,  Kan.. 

Clarke,  Mo 

Clarke,  0 

Clarke,  0 

Clarke,  0 

Clarkesville,  Ala... 

Clarkesville,  Ga 

Clarkesville,  Ga 

Clarkesville,  Pa 

L'larkfield,  Minn  .., 
Clark  River,  Ky.... 
Clarksburg,  Cat .... 

Clarksburg,  Md 

Clarksburg,  Mass... 

Clarksburg,  0 

Clarksburg,  Tenn.. 
Clarksburg,  W.  Va 
Clarksdale,  Miss.... 

Clarksdale,  Mo 

Clarksfield,  0 

Clark's  Fork,  Mo... 

Clarkson,  Neb 

Clarkson,  N.Y 

Clarkston,  Ga 

Clarkston,  Ga........ 

Clarkston,  Mich.... 

Clarkston,  Utah 

Clarkstown,  N.Y... 
Clarksville,  Ark.... 

Clarksville,  Ind 

Clarksville,  Iowa..., 

Clarksville,  Mo , 

Clarksville,  Neb.... 
Clarksville,  N.H... 

Clarksville,  N.Y 

Clarksville,  N.C...., 

Clarksville,  0 

Clarksville,  Tenn... 
Clarksville,  Tex.... 

Clarksville,  Tex 

Clarksville,  Va 

Clarksville,  Va 

Clarno,  S.D 

Clarno,  Wis 

Clatonia,  Neb 

Clatskanie,  Ore 

Clatskanie,  Ore 

Clatsop,  Ore 

Claud  Cove,  Ala...., 

Claude,  Tex 

Claverack,  N.Y 

Clay,  Ark , 

Clay,  Ark 

Clay,  Ark 

Clay,  Ark.. I 

Clay,  Ga 

Clay,  lud i.  .. 


Rank  of 

place. 


township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

|)08t-town 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

city 

IHJSt-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-boro' 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

borough 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

district 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

poBt-vill 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill. 

city 

post-town 

village 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

|)OSt-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

township 


County, 


Calhoun 

Shelby 

Erie 

Monroe 

Calhoun 

Orleans 

Warren , 

Donley 

Rutland 

Geauga 

Marlon i 

Page 

Monroe 

Bureau 

Wright 

Wright 

Clarion 

Clarion....; , 

Marion 

Greene 

Logan 

Pike... 

Pope 

.Johnson.... 

Montgomery.... 

Perry 

Tama 

Marion 

Faribault 

Atchison 

Charlton 

Cole 

Randolph 

Wright 

Dixon 

Union , 

Clark , 

Harrison 

Barnes 

Morris 

Lincoln 

Brown 

Clinton 

Coshocton 

Clarke 

Haber-iham 

Habersham 

Mercer 

Yellow  Med 

McCracken 

Yolo 

Montgomery.... 

Berkshire 

Ross 

Carroll 

Harrison. 

Coahoma 

De  Kalb 

Huron  ...i 

Cooper 

Colfrtx 

Monrob 

De  Kalb 

DeKalb 

Oakland 

Cache 

Rockland 

Johnson.. 

Clarke 

Butler 

Pike 

Merrick..^ 

Coos 

Alleghany 

Davie 

Clinton 

Montgomery.... 

Red  River 

Travis 

Mecklenburg... 
Mecklenburg... 

Lake..... 

Green 

Gage 

Columbia 

Columbia 

Clatsop 

Madison 

Armstrong 

Columbia 

Bradley 

Columbia 

Howard... 

White 

Washington 

Bartholomew... 


Population. 


1880.  1890. 


1,178 
570 

3,495 
400 

1,263 

1,797 


1,105 

808 

1,771 

2,011 

915 

851 

4G3 

147 

1,440 

1,169 


744 

850 
1,050 
1,008 
1,480 
2,401 
2,096 
1,109 


248 
2,037 
1,136 
1,646 


455 


353 

25 

2,601 


447 

1,904 

1,701 

2,{K)6 

1,041 

573 

933 

291 

264 


949 
637 

3,652 
724 
308 
101 

2,307 


1,042 
1,406 


2,100 


33 
368 
404 

4,378 
056 

1,037 
818 

1,493 
873 
328 
852 

1,102 
307 

3,880 


4,056 
582 


1,422 
696 
146 


4,347 
882 
920 
609 
842 
942 
794 


79 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CBNSUS  RETURNS  OF  1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


X«ae  of  pUc*  and 
■UM. 


Okx.  IiMl ~. 

Ohiy.  iBd. 

a«]r.  lad 

Clay,  Ind 

CUjr,  lod 

€kr,  lad 

Cfay.  Ind 

CUj,  Ind 

a«y,  Ind...- 

OI«y.  Ind 

CI«T,  lud 

OUy,  Ind 

OUy,  Ind 

a»y,  Ind 

Chkjr,  Ind........ 

Claj',  Ind.« 

Gfaj,  luwn 

Cla^v,  luwn. 

day,  luwa 

Oaj,  Iowa 

Clay,  Iowa 

Clay,  Iowa 

Clay,  Iowa 

Clay,  Iowa 

Clay,  Iowa 

Clay,  Iowa 

Clav,  I»wa 

Clay,  Kan 

Clay,  Kan 

Clay,  Ky.- 

Clay,  Ky 

Clay,  Ky 

Clay,  Ky 

Clay,  Mich 

Clay,  Mo 

Clay,  Mo 

Clay,  Mo 

Clay,  Mo 

Clay,  Mo 

Clay,  Mo 

Clay,  Mo 

Clay,  Mo 

CUy,  Mo - 

Clay,  Mo 

aay.  Mo. 

aay.  Mo 

Clay,  Mo.. 

aay.  Mo 

Clay,  Mo 

aay,  Mo. 

Clay,  Neb. 

Clay,  Neb 

CUy,  N.Y 

Clay,  N.C 

Clay,  0 

Clay,  0 

CUyr,  O 

Oay,  0 

Clay, 0 

aay,  0 

CUy,  0 

Clay,  0 

CUy.O. 

CUy,  Pa 

CUy,  Pa 

CUy,  Pa 

CUy,  W.  Va. , 

CUy,  W.  Va. 

CUy,  W.  Va. 

CUy,  W.  Va 

Oay,  W.  Va .. 

CUy,  W.  Va. 

CUy,  W.  Va. 

Clay,  W.  Va. 

CUy  Dank,  Mich.. 
Oay  Bunlu,  Wig... 
Clay  Center,  Neb.. 
CUy  Centre,  Kan.. 
CUy  Centre,  Kan.. 

aay  City,  III 

aay  City,  Ind 

CUymont,  Pel . 

CUyarllle,  Ala 

CUyiTllle,  Kan 

CUyiTille,  Ky 

CUysTille,  Ky 

aaysrille.  Pa. 

CUyton,  AU 

CUyton,  AU 

tyton.  Ark™ 
yton.  Ark. 
yton,  Del. 
ytou,  Ga 

CUyton,  Ga. 

Oaytun,  Idaho 

OhyrtOD,  Idaho 

80 


Rank  of 
pUco. 


tOWMtkIp 

lownahip 

townriilp 

U>wuahlp 

tuwnatilp 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

towu8hi|> 

townslilp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag. -diet 

Tillage 

mag.-dist 

lost-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

nuig.-dist 

uiag..dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

village 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

poat-boro' 

precinct 

poat-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

poat-TUl 


Oonntr. 


CamU 

Oasa 

Dearborn...... 

Decatur 

Hamilton 

Uendricka 

Howard 

Koaclusko 

La  Grange 

Miami 

Morgan 

Owen 

Pike 

8aint  Joseph.. 

Spencer 

Wayne 

CTay 

Grundy.. 

Hardin 

HHrrison 

Jones 

Marion 

P..lk 

Shelby 

Washington... 

Wayne 

Welister 

Butler 

Iteno 

Logan 

Powell 

Webster 

Webster 

Saint  Clair .... 

Adair. 

Andrew 

Atchison 

Clark 

Douglas 

Dunklin 

Greene 

Harrison 

Holt 

Lafayette 

Linn 

Monroe 

Ralls 

Saline 

Shelby 

Sullivan 

Pawnee 

Sherman..... 

Onondaga 

Guilford 

Auglaize 

Gallia  

Highland 

Knox 

Montgomery.. 
Muskingum.. 

Ottawa. 

Scioto 

Tuscarawas... 

Butler. 

Huntingdon.. 

Lancaster 

Hancock 

Harrison 

Maniball 

Monongalia... 

Bitcbie 

Wetzel 

Wirt 

Wood 

Oceana 

Door , 

Clay 

Clay 

Clay 

Clay 

Clay 

New  Castle..., 

Marshall 

Bonrbon , 

Harrison 

Harrison 

Washington.. 

Barbour 

Barbour 

Cleburne 

Desha 

Kent.- 

Cherokee 

Rabun.. 

Custer. 

Custer. 


PopuUtloD. 


1880.      1800. 


1,001 
8.-M 
1,479 
1,873 
1,S33 
l.tMW) 
1,340 
1,163 
9,4U8 
1,098 
1,36:1 
1,'^19 
iHG 

l,4no 

l,85.^ 

1,06:1 
342 
0.58 

1,373 
557 
781 

2,.'>93 

1,066 
860 
672 
803 
345 
410 
441 

3,404 


2,458 

248 
1,523 
1,8:12 
1,19:1 
2,181 
1,202 

525 
1,760 

852 
1,074 
1,309 
3,461 
1,432 
1,,')55 
1,700 
2,242 
1,761 
1,062 

658 


2,910 
1,011 
1,:W6 
1,507 
1,449 

926 
3,063 

SSI 
3,616 
1,148 
1,293 
1,036 

891 
1,601 
1,878 
1,736 
1,6('8 
2,522 
3,911 


798 

1,713 

649 

653 

68 

2,852 

1,7.13 

1,450 

419 

30 

756 

4C6 

1,308 

134 

3.-3 

4,306 

761 


148 
916 
618 


1,102 

838 

1,413 

1,681 

1,382 

1,763 

1,466 

1,360 

^.lOO 

l,i:)6 

1,409 

1,169 

1,178 

1,133 

1,644 

894 

627 

1,121 

1,106 

706 

696 

1,125 

925 

1,080 

681 

691 

619 

370 

558 

3,212 

1,066 

3,166 

32:» 

1,681 

2,019 

1,114 

2,176 

1,178 

778 

2,130 

1,239 

1,115 

1,561 

3,192 

1,340 

l,.V2:i 

1,698 

2,072 

2,461 

1,812 

715 

270 

2,6:10 

1,(131 

i,4;io 

1,409 

l,:ia3 

980 

3,095 

1,021 

2,151 

1,102 

1,346 

1,076 

904 

1,.'>68 

3,240 

2,026 

1,702 

2,827 

4,296 

1,366 

9.50 

1,858 

798 

609 

390 

1,191 

2,»i2 

i,6a'j 

1,004 
228 
656 
4:1:1 

1,013 
95 

1,041 

4,075 
997 
477 
713 
640 
879 
631 
411 
252 


Kame  of  place  and 
•Ute. 


aayton.  III 

Clayton,  III 

Clayton,  111 

Clayton,  Iowa 

Clayton,  Iowa 

Clayton,  Ky 

Clayton,  Mich 

Clayton,  Mich „.. 

Clayton,  Minn 

Clayton,  Mo 

Clayton,  Mo 

Clayton,  N.J 

Clayton,  N.J 

Clayton,  N.M 

Clayton,  N  Y 

Clayton,  N.Y 

Clayton,  N.C 

Clayton,  N.C 

Clayton,  0 

Ciayttin,  Wis. 

Clayton,  Wis 

Clayton,  Wis 

Clay  Village.  Ky 

Clayville,  N.Y 

Clayvllle,  Pa 

Clear  Creek,  Ala 

Clear  Creek,  Ala 

Clear  Creek,  Ark 

Clear  Creek,  Ark 

Clear  Creek,  Ark 

Clear  Creek,  Idaho 

Clear  Creek,  111 

Clear  Creek,  Ind 

Clear  Creek,  Ind 

Clear  Creek,  Iowa 

Clear  Creek,  Iowa 

Clear  Ci-eek,  Iowa 

Clear  Creek,  Kan 

Clear  Creek,  Kan 

Clear  Creek,  Kan 

Clear  Creek,  Kan 

Clear  Creek,  Ky 

Clear  Creek,  Mo 

Clear  Creek,  Mo 

Clear  Creek,  Neb 

Clear  Creek,  Neb 

Clear  Creek,  Neb 

Clear  Creek,  Neb 

Clear  Creek,  Neb 

Clear  Creek,  N.C 

Clear  Creek,  N.C 

Clear  Creek,  0 

Clear  Creek,  0 

Clear  Creek,  0 

Clear  Creek,  Wis 

Clearfield,  Iowa 

Clearfield,  Pa 

Clearfield,  Pa 

Clearfield,  Pa 

Clearfield,  Wis 

Clear  Fork,  Kan 

Clear  Fork,  Va 

Clear  Fork,  W.  Va 

Clear  Fork,  W.Va 

Clear  l^tke.  Ark 

Clear  Lake,  III 

Clear  Lake,  Ind 

Clear  Lake,  Iowa 

Clear  Lake,  Iowa 

Clear  Lake,  Iowa 

Clear  Lake,  Minn 

Clear  Lake,  S.D 

Clear  Lake,  S.D 

Clear  Lake,  S.D 

Clear  Lake,  S.D 

Clear  Lake,  Wis 

Clearmont,  Mo 

Clear  Spring,  Md 

Clear  Springs,  Ind 

Clear  Water,  Kan 

Clear  Water,  Mich 

Clear  Water,  Minn 

Clear  Water,  Minn 

Clearwater,  Neb 

Clearwater,  Neb 

Clearwater,  Neb 

Clearwater,  S.D 

Cleburne,  Ark 

Cleburne,  Tex 

Cle-Elum,  Wash 

Clement,  III 

Clement,  Mich 

Clements,  Cal 

CleninionsTille,  N.C 

Clemmonsville,  N.C 

Clendounin,  W.Va 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

village 

township 

post-boro' 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

borough 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

townsliip 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

district 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

(irectnot 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 


County. 


Adams... 

Adams 

Woodford 

Clayton 

Taylor 

Lawrence 

Arenac 

Genesee 

Mower 

St.  Louis 

Vernon 

Gloucester 

Oloticester 

Colfax 

Jefferson 

Jefferson. ....m 

Johnston 

Johnston 

Perry 

Crawford 

Polk 

Winnebago 

Shelby 

Oneida 

Jefferson 

Etowah 

Fayette 

Drew 

Hot  Spring 

Sevier 

Cassia 

Alexander. 

Huntington... 

Monroe 

Jasper 

Johnson 

Keokuk 

Marion 

Nemaha 

Pottawatomie.. 

Stafford 

Floyd 

Cooper 

Vernon 

Greeley 

Pawnee 

Polk 

Saunders 

Wheeler 

Henderson 

Mecklenburg.. 

Ashland 

Fairfield 

Warren 

Eau  Claire 

Taylor 

Bntler 

Cambria 

Clearfield 

Juneau 

Marshall 

Tazewell 

Raleigh 

Wyoming 

Mississippi 

Sangamon 

Steuben 

Cerro  Gordo.... 
Cerro  Gordo... 

Hamilton 

Sherburne 

Deuel 

Deuel 

Edmund.4 

Minnehaha 

Polk 

Nodaway 

Washington.... 

La  Grange 

Sedgwick 

Kalkaska 

Wright 

Wright 

Antelope 

Antelope 

Wheeler 

Miner 

Monroe 

Johnson 

Kittitass 

Clinton 

Gladwin 

San  Joaquin.. 

Davidson 

Forsyth 

Mason 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,951 
941 

1,261 
960 
717 
668 
249 

l,47:i 
390 


84 
1,981 
1,433 


4,214 

1,021 

2,645 

352 

1,164 

1,976 

54(1 

1,270 

1,181 

847 

248 

828 

440 

1,108 

285 

1,044 


488 

1,314 

1,4.34 

1,194 

642 

1,059 

671 

490 

657 

309 

488 

1,324 

650 


402 
723 


482 
l,:i50 
1,154 

2,080 
2,7K2 


1,066 

1,32.1 

1,809 

283 

619 

4,278 

1,026 

624 

238 

2,031 

4:13 

l,.5:i6 

1,095 
716 
302 


2,715 
1,367 


360 
218 


1,865 


1,028 
2,'74i 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF    1880   AND   1890   COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Cleon,  Mich 

Cleona,  Iowa 

Clermont,  &c.,  Fla 

Clermont,  Iowa 

Clermont,  Iowa 

Clermont,  N.Y 

Cleveland,  Ark 

Cleveland,  Ark 

Cleveland,  Ark 

Cleveland,  Ark 

Cleveland,  Ark 

Cleveland,  Ark 

Cleveland,  Ark 

Cleveland,  Ark 

Cleveland,  Ark 

Cleveland,  Ark 

Cleveland,  &c  ,  Col 

Cleveland,  Ga 

Cleveland,  111 

Cleveland,  Ind 

Cleveland,  Ind 

Cleveland,  Iowa 

Cleveland,  Iowa 

Cleveland,  Iowa 

Cleveland,  Kan 

Cleveland,  Kan 

Cleveland,  Kan 

Clevelanil,  Kan 

Cleveland,  Kan 

Cleveland,  Mich 

Cleveland,  Minn 

Cleveland,  Minn 

Cleveland,  Mo 

Cleveland,  Neb 

Cleveland,  Neb 

Cleveland,  Neb 

Cleveland,  Neb 

Cleveland,  Neb 

Cleveland,  N.Y 

Cleveland,  N.C 

Cleveland,  N.D 

Cleveland,  N.D 

Cleveland,  N.D 

Cleveland,  N.D 

Cleveland,  0 

Cleveland,  Ore 

Cleveland,  S.C 

Cleveland,  S.D 

Cleveland,  S.D 

Cleveland,  S.D 

Cleveland,  Tenn 

Cleveland,  Utah 

Cleveland,  Wash 

Cleveland,  Wig 

Cleveland,  Wig 

Cleveland,  Wia , 

Cleveland  Millg,  N.C. 
Cleveland  Bun,  Kan.... 

Cleves,  0 

ClJCf,  Neb 

Clifford,  Ind 

Clifford,  Kan 

Clifford,  Mich 

Clifford,  Pa , 

Clifton,  Ala 

Clifton,  Ariz 

Clifton,  111 

Clifton,  Kan 

Clifton,  Kan 

Clifton,  Kan 

Clifton,  Kan 

Clifton,  Ky 

Clifton,  Me 

Clifton,  &c.,  Mich.... 

Clifton,  Minn 

Clifton,  Minn 

Clifton,  Mo 

Clifton,  N.Y 

Clifton,  N.D 

Clifton,  N.D 

Clifton,  0 

Clifton,  Ore 

Clifton,  Pa 

Clifton,  SO 

Clifton,  S.D 

Clifton,  S.D 

Clifton,  S.D 

Clifton,  Tenn..- 

Clifton,  Tex 

Clifton,  Va 

Clifton,  W.  Va 

Clifton,  Wig 

Clifton,  Wig 

Clifton,  Win 

Clifton  Forge,  Vti.... 
Clifton  Heights,  Pa. 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

precinct 

uiil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

towiigliip 

township 

townghip 

townghip 

townghip 

townghip 

post-vill 

townghip 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-prect 

township 

townghip 

townghip 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

pogt-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-vill 

village 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

townghip 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-tow  n 

township 

townghip 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-boro' 


County. 


Manistee 

Scott 

Lake 

Fayette , 

Fayette 

Columbia 

Clay , 

Columbia 

Conway , 

Faulkner 

Fulton 

Little  River. 

Miller 

Ouachita 

Van  Buren... 

White 

Eagle 

Waghingtou. 

Henry 

Elkhart , 

Whitley., 

Davis 

Lucas 

Lyon 

Barton 

Lane 

Marshall 

Stafford 

Stevens 

Leelanaw 

Le  Sueur 

Le  Sueur 

Callaway.... 

Cherry , 

Cuming 

Holt 

Howard 

Knox 

Oswego , 

Johnston..„. 

Nelson 

Ramsey 

Rolette 

Walsh 

Cuyahoga.... 

Malheur 

Greenville.. 

Brule 

Edmunds.... 

Hamlin 

Bradley 

Emery 

Klickitat... 
Chippewa... 

Jackson 

Marathon... 
Cleveland.... 
Cheyenne... 
Hamilton.... 

Custer 

Bartholomew... 

Butler 

Lapeer 

Susquehanna... 

Wilcox 

Graham 

Iroquois 

Clay 

Washington 
Washington 

Wilson 

Jefferson 

Penobscot... 
Keweenaw.. 

Lyon 

Traverse 

Randolph... 
Saint  Lawrence 


Population. 


1,481 
663 
918 


3ft3 

557 

2,296 


395 
991 
151) 


724 


160,146 


877 


1,874 


134 

467 


1,454 

2,083 


474 

142 

1,590 

142 

977 


350 

1,222 

204 


Steele 

Greene 

Clatsop 

Lackawanna, 

Spartanburg 

Beadle 

Spink 

Sully 

Wayne 

Bosque 

Alleghany.. 

MaKon.. 

Grant 

Monroe 

Pierce 

Alleghany.. 
Delaware.... 


844 
71 


310 

185 

282 

1,111 


30 
113 

2,035 

974 

1,078 

884 
703 


810 
766 
40S 

1,320 
488 
798 
417 
979 
303 
872 
799 
426 

1,202 
241 
267 
272 
379 
641 
99 
511 

2,516 
871 
807 
376 
305 
101 
360 
142 
126 
562 
869 
132 
805 
lii5 
804 
330 
243 
342 
8:)9 

1,160 
68 
94 
109 
278 
261,353 
112 
951 
246 
101 
488 

2,8(a 
111 
312 
395 
691 
252 
308 
258 

1,227 
656 
175 
590 
306 

1,125 

2,408 
600 
474 
622 

1,201 
622 

1,009 
135 
284 

1,103 
245 
179 
787 
342 
99 
145 
270 
181 
172 

2,639 
197 
218 
49 
629 
204 

4,836 
673 

1,074 
955 
6.33 

1,792 

1,820 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Clifton  Park,  N.Y 

Clifton  Springs,  N.Y.... 

Clifty,  Ark 

Clifty,  Ind 

Clifty,  Ky 

Clifty,  Ky 

Climax,  Ga 

Climax,  Mich 

Climax,  Mich 

Clinchem,  Ga 

Cline,  N.C 

Clinton,  Ala 

Clinton,  Ark 

Clinton,  Conn 

Clinton,  Ga 

Clinton,  III 

Clinton,  111 

Clinton,  Ind 

Clinton,  Ind 

Clinton,  Ind 

Clinton,  Ind 

Clinton,  Ind 

Clinton,  Ind 

Clinton,  Ind 

Clinton,  Ind 

Clinton,  Iowa 

Clinton,  Iowa 

Clinton,  Iowa 

Clinton,  Iowa 

Clinton,  Iowa 

Clinton,  Iowa 

Clinton,  Iowa 

Clinton,  Iowa 

Clinton,  Kan 

Clinton,  Kan 

Clinton,  Ky 

Clinton,  Ky 

Clinton,  La 

Clinton,  Me 

Clinton,  Mass 

Clinton,  Mich 

Clinton,  Mich 

Clinton,  Mich 

Clinton,  Minn 

Clinton,  Mo 

Clinton,  Mo 

Clinton,  Mo 

Clinton,  Mo 

Clinton,  Mo 

Clinton,  Neb 

Clinton,  N.J 

Clinton,  N.J 

Clinton,  N.J 

Clinton,  N.Y 

Clinton,  N.Y 

Clinton,  N.Y 

Clinton,  N.C 

Clinton,  0 

Clinton,  0 

Clinton,  0 

Clinton,  0 

Clinton,  0 

Clinton,  0 

Clinton,  O 

Clinton,  O 

Clinton,  Pa 

Clinton,  Pa 

Clinton,  Pa 

Clinton,  Pa 

Clinton,  Pa 

Clinton,  S.C 

Clinton,  S.D 

Clinton,  Tenn 

Clinton,  W.  Va , 

Clinton,  Wis , 

Clinton,  Wis 

Clinton,  Wis 

Clinton,  Wis 

Clinton  Falls,  Minn.... 

Clintonia,  111 

Clintonville,  Ala 

Clintonville,  Ky 

Clintonville,  N.Y 

Clintonville,  Pa 

Clintonville,  Wis 

Clinlwood,  Va 

Clio,  Mich 

Clitherall,  Minn 

Cloar  Sch'l  H'se,  Tenn 

Clontarf,  Minn 

Clopton,  Ala 

Cloquet,  Minn 

Close,  Tenn. 

Cloud  City,  Col 

Clover,  III 

Clover,  Pa 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-prect 

pogt-town 

post-to  vvn 

mil.-dist 

township 

city 

townghip 

township 

townghip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townghip 

township 

mag.-dist 

city 

post-town 

p<jet-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-prect 

township 

townghip 

post-vill 

townghip 

township 

post-vill 

pogt-town 

townsliip 

township 

village 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

townghip 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-lioro' 

pogt-vill 

mag.-dist 

pogt-vill 

pogt-twp 

civil-dist 

pogt-twp 

post-prect 

post-vill 

civil-dist 

precinct 

township 

township 


County. 


Saratoga 

Ontario 

Carroll 

Bartholomew... 

Todd 

Wolfe 

Decatur..... 

Kalamazoo 

Kalamazoo 

Hall 

Catawba 

Greene 

Van  Buren 

Middlesex 

Jones 

De  Kalb 

De  Witt 

Boone 

Cass 

Decatur 

Elkhart 

La  Porte 

Putnam  

Vermilion 

Vermilion 

Clinton 

Clinton , 

Franklin 

Linn 

Pocahontas 

Ringgold 

Sac 

Wayne 

Douglas 

Rawlins  

Hickman 

Hickman 

East  Feliciana- 
Kennebec 

Worcester 

Lenawee 

Lenawee 

Macomb 

Bock 

Clinton 

Douglas 

Henry 

Henry 

Texas 

Sheridan 

Essex 

Hunterdon 

Hunterdon 

Clinton 

Dutchess 

Oneida 

Sampson 

Franklin 

Fulton 

Huron 

Knox 

Seneca 

Shelby 

Vinton 

Wayne 

Butler 

Lycoming 

Venango 

Wayne 

Wyoming 

Laurens 

Miner 

Anderson 

Monongalia 

Barron 

Rock 

Rook 

Vernon 

Steele 

De  Witt 

Coffee 

Bourlion 

Clinton 

Venango 

Waupaca 

Dickenson 

Genesee 

Otter  Tail 

Obion 

Swift 

Dale 

Carlton 

Cocke 

Gunnison 

Henry 

Jefferson 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


2,454 
902 
401 

1,067 
906 
513 


i,49;i 

268 

973 

2,134 

2,463 

16G 

1,402 

540 

1,174 

2,709 

1,487 

991 

70b 

2,003 

82(1 

1,016 

3,009 

965 

10,0.54 

9,052 

307 

1,118 

164 

831 

522 

609 

1,006 


2,519 

500 

1,120 

1,6&5 

8,029 

1,577 

927 

2,000 

2.37 

874 

975 

3,849 

2,868 

1,145 


2,742 
2,975 

84-:: 
2,194 
1,640 
1,236 

620 
1,700 
3,726 

177 
6,213 
9,581 
4,618 
1,008 
2,077 
1,048 
1,676 
1,762 
1,009 

841 

459 


263 
2,126 

203 
2,126 


1,008 

502 

3,309 

1,274 

1,004 

205 

339 

673 


489 
574 

1,288 
266 

1,112 


1,671 
1,054 


2,228 

1,297 

320 

998 

1,114 

682 

1,275 

1,470 

369 

843 

2,588 

2,199 

176 

1,384 

536 

1,174 

2,698 

1,428 

1,415 

099 

1,993 

760 

900 

3,609 

1,305 

14,658 

13,619 

610 

996 

1,077 

795 

695 

474 

968 

359 

3,602 

1,347 

974 

1,518 

10,424 

1,490 

9(i0 

1,819 

473 

7^5 

1,668 

5,701 

4,737 

1,309 

250 

.3,684 

2,888 

1,975 

1,750 

1,426 

1,269 

8.39 

2,179 

3,898 

163 

7,121 

1,671 

5,776 

1,707 

2,123 

918 

1,326 

835 

863 

404 

1,021 

263 

1,198 

2,:i52 

479 

1,105 

856 

1,045 

603 

3,46:1 

864 

1,005 

306 

253 

1,466 

2,a58 

577 

831 

1,674 

342 

840 

2,530 

394 

65 

1,329 

642 


81 


emES,  TOWNS,  and  other  minor  civil  divisions  of  the  united  states. 

CENSUS  returns  OP  1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Ram*  of  ptKC«  Mid 
•Uto. 


r.SC 

Otowr,  Utah 

Glovvr.  W.  V» 

OioTar  Ballom,  Ky 

Clover  Crack,  Wash 

Clovenlala,  Cal 

Cluwrdato,  Cal„ 

aowrdal*.  OtI 

CkiTpnUIr,  Iiiil 

Clovrnial)',  IikI 

Clover  Depot,  Va. 

OI*ver  Fork,  Ky 

Clover  Hill,  Va. 

Clover  Hill,  Va 

CI"veqK>rt,  Ky 

Cloveriwrl,  Ky 

Clow,  Miiii)„ 

Cloyd  Valley,  S.D 

Clul>  Iloiise,  ii» 

ClutUville,  Aln.„ 

Clyattville,  G« 

Olyile,  III 

Clyde,  Kan 

Clyde,  Mich 

ayde,  Mich 

Clyde,  NY 

Clyde,  N.C 

Clyde,  N.C 

Clyde,  0 

Clyde,  8.D 

CIvde,  Wh 

Clynian,  Wl- „ 

Uymer,  N.Y 

Clynier,  Pa 

Coal,  Bio ^ 

Coal,  O 

CoMi,  U 

Coal,  P« 

Coal,  W.Vm 

Coal  Uraiich,  Ky 

Coalliiirg,  Ala 

Coal  Centre,  I'a 

Coal  City,  111 

Coal  Creek,  Cul 

Coal  Cre.'k,  Col 

Coal  Creek,  Col 

Goal  Creek,  Cul 

Coal  Creek,  Ind.. 

Coal  Creek,  Tenn 

Coaldule,  Pa.._ 

Coaldnle,  Pa. 

Cualedo,  Ore 

Coal  Harbor,  Alaska.... 

Coal  Harbor,  N.D 

Coal  Hill,  Ark 

Coaliiiunt,  I'a 

Coal  Muuntiiin,  Ga 

Coalpurt,  I'a 

Coal  Itidge,  Col 

Coalton,  Ky 

Coalton,  O 

Coal  Vallev,  III 

Co«l  Vallev,  111 

Coalville,  Utah 

Coatesville,  Pa 

CoaUbiirg,  111 

Cobb  Town,  Ga. 

CoU.ville,  Oa. 

Cobden,  111 

Cobden,  III 

Cobham,  Va 

Coble,  N.C 

Coble«klll,  N.Y 

Cobleskill,  N.Y ».. 

ColMirft,  Iowa 

Col)ain,  N.D 

Cochecton,  N.Y 

CochptapK,  Col 

Cochiti,  N  M.„ 

Cochran,  Ga. 

Cocbnin,  Ind 

Cochrane,  Mont 

Cochranton,  Pa. 

Cockrrll,  tVil 

Cockrell,  Mo 

Cocoa,  Via „„ 

Coddle  CVeek,  N.C. 

Codorua,  Pa. 

Ooe,  III 

Coe,  .Mich 

Coeur  d'Alene,  Idaho... 

Coeymnns,  N.Y 

Coffee,  III 

Coffeen,  111 

Coffee  Ridga,  Tenn 

OoffeevUle,  Ala. 

82 


Bank  of 


peat-town 

preduct 

ma|[>-<i'*t 

mag.-dist 

preeinct 

precinct 

townihip 

|K>at-vill 

townihip 

puat-vill 

poat-vill 

mag.-diBt 

mag.-dist 

maK.-<li»t 

inHg..ditt 

city 

townihip 

townililp 

niil.-dist 

pont-prect 

mil.dlHt 

township 

city 

township 

townshiii 

post-vlU 

township 

post- V  ill 

p»8t-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

IKist-town 

|)ost-boro' 

post- vi  11 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

borough 

post-vfll 

precinct 

hHinlet 

post-twp 

post-town 

poet-lioro' 

inil.-dist 

post-boro' 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

city 

post-boro' 

I)08t-town 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

|)08t-Vlll 

iDHg.-dist 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 


|IOSt 

post 
prei 


•twp 

-town 

riiict 


village 


mil 
post 


•list 
-viil 


(irecinct 

post-boro' 

p<i8t.prect 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

townpliip 

township 

post-town 

|i08t-t<iwn 

precinct 

post-vill 

Civil-<li8t 

poet-prtct 


County. 


Yorit 

Tooele 

Tucker 

WiMKlford  ... 

Pierce 

8iin  Bernardino 

Hoiionia. 

Sonoma 

I'utiiam 

Putnam 

Halifax 

Harlan 

A|>p<>inaltox 

Cheeterfleld 

Bre<-kenridKe... 
Breckenridge... 

Kittson 

Kdninnds 

Bulloch 

Madison 

liOwndet 

Whiteside 

Cloud 

Allegan 

Saint  Cbiir 

Wayne 

Haywoo«l 

Haywood 

Saiidunky 

Beadle 

lown 

Dodge 

Chautauqun.... 

TiogH 

Vernon 

Jackson 

Pen-y 

Noithiimberl'd 

Harrisou 

Lee 

Ji'fferson 

Washington 

Grundy 

Arapahoe 

Fremont 

Jelfeison 

Rio  Bliinco....;.. 
Montgomery.... 

Anderson 

Bedford 

Schnylkill 

Coos 


McLenn ,.... 

Johniton 

Hnntlngdon 

Forsyth 

Clearfield 

Garfield 

Boyd 

Jiickson 

Rock  Island..... 

Rock  Island 

Summit 

Chester i.. 

Adams 

Tattnall 

Telfair 

Union 

Union 

Surry 

Alamance 

Schoharie 

8<'hoUarie 

Montgomery.... 

Ransom.. , 

Sullivan , 

8»guache 

Bern«lillo 

Pulaski 

Dearliorn , 

Beaver  Head... 

('rawford. 

Conejos 

ChHrit<m 

Brevard 

Iredell..„ 

York 

Rock  Island.... 

Isabella 

Kootenai 

Allinny 

Wal«sh 

Montgomery... 

Unicoi ..i^ 

Clarke... » 


PupuUtion. 


1880.      I80a 


73 
MS 

670 
1,J87 


1,20.'. 

4.3(1 
2,043 

477 


4«K 
4,27a 
3,7;i4 


1,056 


1,200 


1,074 

1,0«7 
9f>(i 

mil 

1,262 

2,82t> 

058 


2,:$80 


715 

i,2a'i 

1,4.=>5 

1,121 

789 


3,830 
4,320 
2,517 


1,830 
800 
258 


20(1 

171 

1,512 


1,302 


1,02:1 
311 
911 

2,7G(> 
218 
992 

1,0(14 

3,072 
80O 

1,112 

3,37u 

1,222 

60 


1,328 


4,130 
1,024 


2,:iV) 
2,261 
1,(M8 
1,:i81 


2,912 
1,342 


409 
1,<»6 


««7 

157 

1,085 

l,:t68 

lUl 

86 

1,564 

763 

1,827 

437 

422 

548 

8,860 

2,410 

3,767 

1,527 

ISO 

41 

1,493 

1,775 

? 1,100 

882 

1,137 

J>60 

1,014 

2,6;i8 

1,044 

00 

2,327 

102 

610 

1,2!»3 

1,.JG3 

1,313 

852 

4,584 

3,747 

8,610 

2,8(12 

1,2.52 

842 

5fiU 

1,672 

3(J4 

1,122 

101 

118 

2,15!> 

1,865 

272 

1,849 

76 

15 

123 

802 

219 

646 

865 

87 

1,165 

1,459 

700 

207 

1,166 

3,680 

308 

1,2:« 

685 

4,106 

994 

3,195 

1,151 

3,443 

1,822 

Ki 

155 

1,174 

64 

268 

2,76:1 

790 

2:il 

655 

202 

1,011 

312 

2,576 

2,322 

908 

1,801 

491 

3,669 

1,.'>40 

618 

644 

2,287 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Rank  of 
place. 


Ooffeeville.  Miss.. 

Coffey,  Ark 

CoffeyvlUe,  Kan 

Coffin  Grove,  Iowa 

Cogaii  House,  Pa 

CohusHct,  Mass 

Cohoclah,  Slich 

Cohoctun,  N.Y 

Cohoes,  N.Y 

Cohutta,  Ga. 

OiiUville,  O 

Cokato,  Minn 

Cokato,  Minn 

Gokedale,  Mont 

Cokedale,  Mont 

Coker,  Ala 

Coker,  Flu 

Cokesbury,  8.0 

Cokesbiiiy,  S  C....; 

(Mkeville,  Pa 

Cokey  Creek,  N.C 

Oolbiiurne,  Md 

Colburii,  Wis | 

Colby,  Kan 

Colbv,  Wash I 

Colby,  Wis I 

Colclieater,  C>'nn 

Colchester,  111 

Colchester,  III 

Colchester,  N.Y 

Colchester,  Vt 

Coldbrook,  111 

Golden,  N.Y 

Cold  Spring,  Ala 

Cold  Spring,  111 

Cold  Spring,  Ky 

Cold  Spring,  Mich... 

Cold  Spring,  Mo 

Cold  Spring,  N.Y 

Cold  Spring,  Pa 

Cold  Spring,  Tex...., 

Cold  Spring,  Wis 

Cold  Springs,  Idaho. 

ColdwHter,  Ark 

Coldwater,  Ga 

Coldwater,  Iowa 

Coldwater,  Kan 

Coldwater,  Kan 

Coldwater,  Mich 

Coldwater,  Mich 

Coldwater,  Mich 

Coldwater,  Miss. 

Coldwater,  Mo 

Cold  Water,  O 

Coldwell,  Ark 

Cole,  Ala 

Cole,  Ark 

Cole,  Mo 

Coleau,  La 

Colebrook,  Conn 

Colebrook,  N.H 

Colebrook,  0 

Colebrook,  Pa 

Colebrookdale,  Pa.... 

Cole  City,  Ga 

Cole  City,  Ga 

Cole  Hill,  8.0 

Coleman,  Ala 

Coleman,  (5a 

Coleman,  Ga 

Coleman,  Ga 

Coleiniin,  Kan 

Coleman,  Mich 

Coleman,  Neb 

Coleman,  8.C 

Coleman,  Tex 

C<de  Mill,  Ala 

Colernin,  Mass 

Colerain,  N.C 

Colerain,  O 

Colerain,  0 

Colerain, O 

Colerain,  Pa 

Colerain,  Pa 

Coleridge,  Neb 

Coles,  111 

Coles,  Va 

Colesbiirg,  Ky 

C<de8  Valley,  Ore 

Colesville,  Md 

Cdesville,  N.Y 

Coleta,  Ala 

Coleville,  Pa 

Colfax,  Cal 

Colfax,  Col 

Colfax.  Ill 


poet-towD 

township 

city 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

IKjSt-tWp 

post-town 

city 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

township 

district 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

IX)8t-twp 

post-town 

township 

|i08t-town 

post-town 

I>o8t-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

mag.-dist 

townihip 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

JHWt-tWp 

precinct 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

township 

iwst-lown 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

ward 

{)08t-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post  lioro' 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

ixist-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

district 

township 

post-prect 

village 

post-town 

precinct 

township 


County. 


Ya]abuiha..ui.. 

White i 

Montgomery.... 

Delaware 

Lycoming. 

Norfolk 

Livingston.. 

Steuben ;.... 

AUmny 

Whitfield 

Mahoning 

Wright...... 

Wright..... 

Park......ii 

Park 

Tiisciiloosa 

De  8ob> 

Abbeville 

Abbeville 

Westmoreland 

Edgecomlie 

Worcester 

Chippewa 

Thomas 

Kitsap 

CUrk 

Now  London.... 

McDonougli 

McDonough 

Delaware 

Cliittenden 

Warren 

Erie 

Elmore 

Shelby 

Campbell 

Kalkaska 

Phelps 

Cattaraugus 

Lebanon 

San  Jacinto 

Jefferson 

Elmore 

Cross 

Chattooga 

Butler 

Comanche 

Comanche 

Branch 

Branch 

Isabella 

Tate 

Cass 

Mercer 

White 

Fayette 

Sebastian 

Benton 

Iberia 

Litchfield 

Coos 

Ashtabula. 

Clinton 

Berks 

Dade 

Dade 

Chesterfield 

Elmore , 

Chattahoochee 

Randolph 

Kandolph 

Washington 

Midland 

Red  Willow 

Edgefield , 

Coleman 

Fnmkiln 

Fr;uiklin 

Bertie 

Belmont 

Hamilton 

Ross 

Bedford 

Lancaster 

Cedar 

Moultrie 

PrinceWilliam, 

Hardin 

Douglas 

Montgomery ... 

Broome 

Clay 

Centre 

Placer 

(Juster 

Chanipaign 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


T49 

042 
763 
1,017 
1,002 
2,1K2 
1,276 
3,:i4« 
19,416 


1,231 

1,342 

274 


2,945 
365 
66(1 

1,207 
965 


813 
2,974 
1,920 
1,()67 
2,941 
4,4-21 
1,(184 
1,464 

921 
1,864 

l,:»o« 

101 

1,298 
984 
411 


688 


660 

976 

1,326 


1,719 

4,681 

377 

397 

688 

23' 

3l« 

589 

1,100 

1,006 

1,806 

1,148 

1,580 

950 

43! 

1,150 

937 


987 
1,417 
1,175 
1,370 


111 
'2,'46i 


1,777 
2,51S 
1,490 
3,72: 
1,946 
1,022 
1,603 


1,3:J7 

1,015 
498 

3,79! 

3,208 
756 
26(J 
691 


1.073 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


IName  of  place  and 
state. 


Colfax,  Ind 

Colfax,  Ind 

Colfax,  Iowa 

Colfax,  Iowa 

Colfax,  Iowa 

Colfax,  Iowa 

Colfax,  Iowa 

Colfax,  Iowa 

Colfax,  Iowa 

Colfax,  Kan 

Colfax,  Kan.. 

Colfax,  Kan 

Colfax,  La 

Colfax,  Blich 

Colfax,  Midi 

Colfax,  Mich 

Colfax,  Mich 

Colfax,  Mich 

Colfax,  Minn 

Colfax,  Mo 

Colfax,  Mo 

Colfax,  Mo 

Colfax,  Mo 

Colfax,  Neb 

Col  lax,  N.C 

Colfax,  N  D 

Colfax,  Wash 

Colfax,  Wis 

Colgate,  N.D 

Collpge,  Iowa 

College,  0 

College,  Pa , 

College  City,  Cal.; 

College  Point,  N.Y 

College  Springs,  Iowa... 

Collegeville,  Minn 

Collev,  Pa 

ajllier,  Ala 

Collier,  Pa 

Collier,  S.C 

Collierville,  Teiin 

Collingswoiid,  N.J 

Collins,  Ala 

Collins,  Ala 

Collins,  Ala 

Collins,  Ark 

Collins,  (Ja 

Collins,  Iowa 

Collins,  Minn 

Collins,  Mo 

Collins,  Ac.  Neb 

Collins,  N.Y 

Collins,  S.C 

Collins,  S.C 

Collins,  S.C 

Collins,  S.D 

Collins  Settleni't.W.Va. 

Collinston,  Utah 

Collinsville,  Ala 

Collinsville,  Ala 

Collinsville,  III 

Collinsville,  111 

Collinsville,  Tex 

Collinwood,  Minn 

CoUirene,  Ala 

Collote,  N.M 

Colly,  N.C 

CoUyer,  Kan 

Colnian,  S.D 

Coliuor,  N.M 

Colo,  Iowa 

Cologne,  Minn.i 

Cologne,  W.  Va 

Coloina,  Ala 

Colonia,  Cal 

Colonia,  III 

Coloina,  Wis 

Colon,  Mich 

Colon,  Mich 

Colona,  III 

Colony,  Iowa.... 

Colony,  Iowa 

Colony,  Kan 

Colony,  Kan 

Colony,  Mo 

Colorado,  Kan 

Colorado,  N.M 

Colorado  City,  Col 

Colorado  City,  Col 

Colorailo  Springs,  Col... 
Colorado  Springs,  Col.. 

Colorow,  Col 

Colorow,  Col 

Colton,  Cal 

Colton,  Cal 

Coltou,  Neb , 


Bank  of 
place. 


po8t-t<)wn 

township 

township 

township 

township 

|iost-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

j)06t-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-bo  ro' 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

townsliip 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

po.st-vill 

precinct 

city 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 


County. 


Clinton 

Newton 

Boone 

Dallas 

Grnndy 

Jasper 

Page 

Pocahontas 

Webster 

Cloud 

Marion 

Wilson 

Grant 

Ben/.ie 

Huron 

Mecosta 

Oceana 

Wexford 

Kandiyohi 

Atchison 

Daviess 

DoKalb 

Harrison 

Colfax 

Kiitherford 

Uichland 

Whiiman 

Dunn 

Steele 

I.inn 

Knox 

Centre  

Colusa 

yueeiis 

Page 

Stearns 

Sullivan 

DeKalb 

Alleghany 

EdgeHeld 

Shelby 

Camden 

Fayette  

Jackson 

Madison 

Drew 

Fulton 

Story 

McLeod 

Saint  Clair 

Grant 

Krie 

Colleton 

Edgefield 

Georgetown 

Clark 

Lewis 

Box  Elder 

De  Kalb.. 

De  Kalb 

Madison 

Maitison 

Grayson 

Meeker 

Lowndes 

Rio  Arriba 

Bladen 

Trego 

Moody 

Colfax 

Story 

Carver. 

Mason 

Cherokee 

Eldorado 

Whiteside 

Waushara 

Saint  Joseph.... 
Saint  .loseph. ... 

Henry 

Adams 

Delaware 

Anderson 

Greeley 

Knox 

Lincoln 

Donna  Ana 

El  Paso 

El  Paso 

El  Paso 

El  Paso 

Grand 

Montrose 

San  Bernardino 
San  Bernardino 
Cheyenne..., 


Population. 


fi38 
150 

695 
819 

l,o:ifi 

620 
1,037 
■AH) 
307 
007 


735 


131 

418 
669 
185 
875 
363 


1,107 
1,450 
1,198 
652 
1,537 


444 

460 


1,284 
895 

1,417 
237 

4,192 
531 
318 
373 


1,697 

2.086 

763 


400 


950 
404 
863 


2,371 
1,431 
1,I6C 
1,633 


2,653 


160 

4,.577 
2,887 


899 
1,673 


296 

60 

1,350 


874 
1,496 

443 
1,518 

422 
1,226 

644 
1,2112 

114 


945 

504 


347 
'4,'2*i!6 


730 

128 

686 

851 

l,ti09 

957 

1,170 

621 

541 

686 

408 

1,008 

161 

404 

1,116 

1,000 

308 

46;j 

443 

692 

1,*«) 

1,346 

1,147 

903 

2,13.5 

336 

1,649 

672 

125 

1,070 

9.55 

1,606 

387 

6,127 

491 

506 

1,662 

448 

2,691 

2,062 

696 

539 

600 

1,160 

1,009 

1,069 

1,404 

1,044 

507 

932 

211 

2,362 

1,9.^5 

1,349 

1,96:1 

428 

3,015 

798 

912 

367 

5,224 

3,498 

332 

1,393 

1,794 

346 

961 

480 

429 

198 

261 

193 

1,635 

938 

537 

2,104 

723 

1,.515 

489 

983 

794 

1,296 

474 

475 

914 

661 

92:} 

2,1.'>6 

1,788 

11,790 

11,140 

43 

541 

1,716 

1,315 

366 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Colton,  NT 

Colton.  N.Y „ 

Columbia,  Ala 

Columbia,  Ala , 

Columbia,  Ark 

Columbia,  Conn 

Columbia,  Ga 

Columbia,  111 

Columbia,  Ind , 

Columbia,  Ind 

Columbia,  Ind 

Columbia,  Ind 

Columbia,  Ind 

Columbia,  Ind 

Columbia,  Ind 

Columbia,  Iowa 

Columbia,  Iowa 

Columbia,  Kan 

Columbia,  Ky 

Columbia,  La 

Columbia,  Me 

Columbia,  Mich.. 

Columbia,  Mich 

Columbia,  Mich 

Columbia,  Minn 

Columbia,  Mo 

Columbia,  Mo 

Columbia,  N.H 

Columbia,  N.Y 

Columbia,  N.C 

Columbia,  N.C 

Columbia,  N.C 

Columbia,  N.C 

Columbia,  0 

Columbia,  O 

Columbia,  0 

Columbia,  Ore 

Columbia,  Ore 

Coliimi>ia,  Ore 

Columbia,  Pa..  

Columbia,  Pa 

Columbia,  S.C 

Columbia,  S.C 

Columbia,  S.D 

Columbia,  SD , 

Columbia,  Tenn 

Columbia,  Tex 

Columbia,  Va , 

Columbia,  Va , 

Columbia  Falls,  Me 

Columbiana,  Ala 

Columbiana,  Ala 

Columbiana,  0 

Columbian  Grove,  Va.., 
Columbianville,  Mich.. 

Columbus,  Ark 

Columbus,  Ga 

Columbus,  III 

Columbus,  III 

Columbus,  III 

Columbus,  Ind 

Columbus,  Ind 

Columbus,  Kan 

Columbus,  Ky 

Columbus,  Ky 

Columbus,  Mich 

Columbus,  Minn 

Columbus,  Miss 

Columbus,  Mo 

Columbus,  Neb 

Columbus,  Neb 

Columbus,  N.Y 

Columbus,  NC 

Columbus,  0 

Columbus,  Pa 

Columbus,  Pa 

Columbus,  Tex 

Columbus,  Wash 

Columbus,  Wis 

Columbus,  Wis 

Columbus  City,  Iowa... 
Columbus  City.  Iowa... 

Columbus  Grove,  0 

Columbus  Junction, 

Iowa 

Colusa,  Cal 

Colville,  Ark 

Colville,  Wash 

Colwich,  Kan 

Comanche,  Kan 

Comanche,  Tex 

Combs,  Mo 

Comb  School  House,  Ky 

Comet.  Mont 

Comfort,  Tex 

Comins,  Mich 


Bank  of 

place. 


township 
post-vill 
precinct 
post-vill 
township 
post-town 
mil.-dist 
post-town 
township 
|)ost-twp 
township 
township 
township 
township 
post-vill 
township 
township 
township 
post-prect 
post-town 
post-vill 
township 
post-twp 
township 
post-twp 
township 
post-vill 
post-town 
post-town 
township 
township 
township 
post-vill 
township 
township 
township 
precinct 
precinct 
precinct 
township 
post-bo  ro' 
township 
city 

township 
post  vill 
post-town 
post-town 
mag.-dist 
ix>8t-vill 
post-vill 
precinct 
post-vill 
post-vill 
mag.-dist 
post-vill 
post-vill 
city 

township 
post-vill 
precinct 
township 
city 
city 

mag.-dist 
post-vill 
p<.)st-twp 
township 
city 

post-town 
township 
city 

post-town 
post-twp 
city 

township 
post-boro' 
■ity 

post-prect 
township 
city 

township 
post-vill 
post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

city 

townsliip 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 


County. 


Saint  Lawrence 

Saint  Lawrence 

Henry 

Henry 

Randolph 

Tolland.. 

Banks 

Monroe 

Dubois 

Fayette 

Gibson 

Jennings 

Martin 

Whitley 

Whitley 

Tama 

Wa|>ello 

Ellsworth 

Adair 

Caldwell 

Washington 

Jackson 

Tuscola 

Van  Buien 

Polk , 

Boone 

Boone 

Coos , 

Herkimer , 

Pender , 

Randolph 

Tyrrell 

Tyrrell 

Hamilton 

Lorain 

Meigs 

Multnomah 

Wasco 

Washington 

Bradford 

Lancaster........ 

Uichland 

Richland......... 

Brown 

Brown 

Maury 

Brazoria 

Fluvanna 

Fluvanna 

Washington 

Shelby 

Shelby 

Columbiana 

Lunenburg 

Lapeer 

Hemi)stead 

Muscogee 

.\dams 

Adams 

Pope 

Bartholomew... 
Bartholomew... 

Cherokee 

Hickman 

Hickman. 

Saint  Clair...... 

Anoka 

Lowndes 

Johnson 

Platte 

Platte 

Chenango 

Polk 

Fr.inklin 

Warren 

Warren 

Colorado 

Klickitat 

Columbia 

Columbia 

Louisa 

Louisa 

Putnam <j. 


Louisa 

Colusa 

Benton 

Stevens 

Sedgwick... 

Barton 

Comanche.. 

('arroll 

Menifee 

Jefter.-*on.... 

Kendall 

Osooda 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,974 
606 


l,:il2 

767 

468 

1,308 

855 

803 

2,104 

1,471 

1,(«2 

3,583 

2,244 

818 

2,044 

1,017 

3,020 

219 

642 

1,605 

1,194 

1,510 


6,917 
3,320 

762 
1,616 
1,559 
1,495 
1,302 

166 
6,306 

006 

1,116 

84 


364 

1,:W4 
8,312 
13,083 
10,036 


133 

3,400 

739 

2,64.3 

239 

685 

2,716 

496 

1,223 

1,543 

326 

171 

10,123 

1,077 

235 

836 

6,592 

4,813 

1,164 

3,042 

1,:53S 

1,327 

92 

3,955 

1,307 


2,131 
1,17'; 

838 

51,647 

1,242 

421 
1,9.59 


805 
1,876 
2,868 

605 
1, 

793 

1,779 

1,620 

67 


1,843 

03S 
3,774 

960 
1,258 

740 

6^3 
1,267 
1,239 

658 
3,014 
1,244 

899 
4,396 
3,027 

725 
1,557 

798 
2,916 

352 

587 
1,.574 
1,.'S27 
1,551 

451 
7,298 
4,000 

605 
1,:180 
1,600 
1,854 
1,474 

209 
8,422 

920 
1,087 

119 

3:15 

761 
1,245 
10,599 
18,437 
16,353 

636 

400 

615 
2,309 

2:19 

698 
3,295 

654 
1,112 
1,.530 

678 

217 
17,:«« 
1,000 

201 

806 
8,7-23 
6,719 
2,160 
2,:i07 

873 
1,158 

262 
4,-5.59 
1,195 
3,862 
3,134 
1,109 
l,o:« 
88,150 
1,062 

292 
2,199 

209 

800 
1,977 
2,595 

459 
1,677 

953 

1,338 

833 

539 

218 

7.38 

1,226 

1,189 

796 

49 

307 

272 


83 


crriKS,  TOWNS,  and  other  minor  civil  divisions  of  the  united  states. 


CENSUS  returns  OF   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


XUMof  plMVMld 
■Ul*. 


OMBaMTM,  Mioh ........ 

Onaiineret*,  Mo...>....... 

Oummeroa,  Tax 

Oommerclal.  N.J 

Ooaimereial  Point,  Ky 
OMiiinercUl  Point,  0.« 
Oofliiui>nwe«kltli,  \VU... 

(Xoio,  Cot.......„ 

OCNM,  Ool.„ 

Omdo,  Mte. 

Oooto,  8a>_ 

Oonpetiue,  Iowa 

Coniprvmiliu,  III 

OuoiptoD,  Cal 

CVMnptun,  ObI 

Ooin|>ton,  III 

Ooniptun,  Minn 

OoBMtock,  Mich„ 

OMMtoek,  Mich .„ 

OonMtoek,  Mlun 

OuncuDulljr,  Waih 

Concord,  Ac,  Ala.- 

Concord,  Ala 

Concord,  (>il 

Concord,  Del 

Concord,  Ga. 

Concord,  III 

Concord,  III 

Concord,  III 

Concord,  III 

Concord,  Ind 

Concord,  Ind 

Concord,  Iowa 

Concord,  Iowa. 

Concord,  Iowa 

Concord,  Iowa 

Concord,  Iowa 

Concord,  Kan 

Concord,  Kan 

Concord.  Ky 

Concord,  Ky 

Concord,  Me 

Concord,  Mass 

Concord,  Mich 

Concord,  Blich 

Concord,  Midi 

Concord,  Minn 

Concord,  Mo 

ConconI,  Mo 

Concord,  Neb 

Concord,  N.H 

Concord,  N.Y 

Concord,  N.C 

Concord,  N.C 

Concord,  N.C 

Concord,  N.C 

Concord,  O 

Concord,  O 

Concord,  O 

Concord,  O 

Concord,  O 

Concord,  0._ 

Concord,  O 

ConconI,  Pa. 

Concord,  Pil 

Concord,  Pa 

Concord,  8.0 

Concord,  8.C 

Concord,  8.D 

ConconI,  Teun 

Concord,  Vt 

Concord,  Wis 

Concordia,  Kan 

Concordia,  Ac.,  Ky 

Conconiia,  Bio 

Concow,  Cal 

Concreek,  Ga.„ 

Condit,  III 

Condon,  Ore 

Oonemaugh,  Pa 

Conemuugb,  Pa 

Conemaugh,  Pa. 

Conestoga,  Pa 

ConcsHS,  N.Y 

Oonesville,  N.Y 

Oonetoe,  N.D 

Conewago,  P« 

Conewago,  Pa. 

Oonewango,  N.Y 

Conrwango,  Pa 

Coney  Iitlnnd,  N.Y 

Confluence,  Pa 

Congaree,  8.C- 

CongreM,  Aris 

Congress,  0- 

Oongreai,  0_ 

84 


Bank  of 
plac«. 


poat-twp 

poat-lwp 

poal-towu 

lowii8hi|i 

IMwt-tuwn 

Iwat-Tlll 

po«t-t«'p 

precinct 

poat-vill 

township 

post-twp 

|iost-twp 

township 

township 

post-Till 

post-Till 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

post-town 

IMMt-Tlll 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-Till 

townnbip 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

city 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townstiip 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

city 

niHg.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

|)o8t-town 

|io«t-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

township 

post-town 

township 

tuwmliip 


County. 


0»kland 

Scott  

Hunt 

Cumberland... 

Union 

Pickaway 

Florence 

I>»rk — 

Park 

Panola 

Hand 

Wapello 

Champaign 

Los  Angelic... 
lios  Angeles... 

Lee 

Otter  Tail 

Kalamazoo 

Kalamazoo 

Marshall 

Okanogan- 

Blount 

Coosa 

Contra  Costa.., 

Sussex 

Pike , 

Adams 

Bureau 

Imquois 

MorgHn 

De  Kalb 

Elkhart 

Dubuque 

Hancock 

Hardin , 

Louisa 

Woodbury 

Ford 

Ottawa 

Lewis 

Lewis 

Somerset 

Middlesex 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Wexford 

Do<ige 

Clinton 

Washington..., 

Dixon , 

Merrimack 

Erie 

Cal)arrus 

Cabarrus 

Iredell 

Randolph 

Champaign 

Delaware , 

Fayette 

Highland 

Lake , 

Miami , 

Ross 

Duller. 

Delaware 

Erie 

Clarendon 

Sumter 

Lake 

Knox 

Essex 

Jefferson 

Cloud , 

Meade , 

Lafayette , 

Butte 

Cherokee , 

ChampHlgn...., 

Gilliam 

Cambria 

Indiana 

Somerset 

Lancaster 

Livingston 

Schoharie 

Edgecombe 

Danphin 

York 

OHttarangus.... 

Warren 

Kings 

Somerset 

Lexington 

Yavapai 

Morrow 

Wayne 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


1.203 
1,611 


2,2(i6 

""ley 


1.34 
14U 


900 
1,414 


300 

628 

1,891 

149 


784 
399 
148 


1,089 

2,636 

l,-20-2 

1,147 

I.&IO 

8,111 

1,10(1 

764 

347 

747 

340 


613 

1,592 

17« 

4W 

3,922 

1,58:1 

640 

171 

1,040 

2,867 

1,120 


i:i,843 
3,4(Ki 
1,761 
1,204 
1,2:J5 
1,296 
1,157 
1,478 

908 
1,235 

722 
5,364 
2,801 
1,&54 
1,311 
1,171 

964 
3,148 


246 
1,612 
1,457 
l,85;i 
2,295 

391 

800 
822 


437 
1,346 
1,379 
2,350 
1,897 
1,127 


896 
1,495 
],2!t9 
1,478 
1,184 

430 
1,547 

'i','262 
2,851 


1,113 

1,677 

810 

2,344 

145 

2t« 

89.^ 

857 

374 

178 

78 

7()0 

1,650 

2,013 

636 

2:<4 

094 

1,779 

39;l 

214 

2:»2 

1,055 

817 

373 

296 

360 

1,069 

2,769 

1,086 

i,o.n 

1,912 

1,610 

1,<K)5 

1,176 

811 

700 

478 

94 

498 

1,5.52 

188 

.345 

4,427 

1,415 

680 


1,024 
3,214 
1,270 
4:i3 
17,004 
3,881 
4,;i39 
4,:ii9 

i,3;w 
1,:«2 

1,139 

1,397 

7:i5 

1,164 

601 

6,926 

2,907 

1,138 

1,276 

991 

1,206 

2,321 

331 

271 

1,425 

1,331 

3,184 

2,169 

715 

459 

8:10 

750 

224 

764 

l,5.i8 

1,529 

2,195 

1.196 

929 

88 

872 

1,555 

1,273 

2,2(i7 

3,:il3 

444 

1,469 

242 

1,047 

2,603 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Congress,  0 

Conklin,  NY 

Conkling,  Kan 

Conkling,  N.D 

Coiiley,  Neb 

Conneaut,  O 

Conneaut,  0 

Conneaut,  Pa. 

Conneaut,  Pa 

Conneautvllle,  Pa 

Conncll,  Mont 

CoiiiK'lls  Mills,  Ga 

Connellsvillc,  I>a 

Connellsville,  Pa 

Connersville,  Ind 

Connersville,  lud 

Connor,  Ga 

Connor  Creek,  Ore 

Connor  Patch,  Pa 

Cono,  Iowa. 

Coiio,  Iowa 

Conocaniiry,  N.C 

Conocochcague,  Md 

ConoUoway,  Ac,  Ky.... 

Conoqiienessing,  Pa 

Conover,  N.(! 

Conowago,  Pa 

Conoy,  I'a 

Conquest,  N.Y 

Conrad  Grove,  Iowa 

Conrad  Hill,  N.C 

Conshohocken,  Pa. 

Constable,  N.Y 

Constantia,  N.Y 

Conslaiitia,  N  V 

Constatitine,  Mich 

Constaiitine,  Mich 

Conteiitnea,  N.C 

Contentnea  Neck,  N.C. 

Convenience,  Ark 

Convis,  Mich 

Convoy,  0 

Conwa,  Iowa 

Conway,  Ark 

Conway,  Ark 

Conway,  Kan 

Conway,  Mass 

Conway,  Mich 

Conway,  Mo 

Conway,  N.H 

Conway,  S.C 

Conway,  S.C 

Conway  Springs,  Kan... 

Conyers,  Ga 

Conyngham,  Pa 

Couvngliam,  Pa 

Cood.v,  Ga 

Cook,  Ga 

Cook,  Iowa 

Cook,  Kan 

Cook,  Pa 

Cooke,  Mont 

Cooke,  Pa 

Cookeville,  Tenn 

Cook  Peak,  N.M 

Cook's  Springs,  Ala 

Cooksvilie,  Ga 

Coolliaugh's,  Pa 

Coolidge,  Kan 

Coolidge,  Kan 

Coolidge,  N.M 

Cool  Spring,  Ga 

Cool  Spring,  Ind 

Cool  Spring,  N.C 

Cool  Spring,  N.C 

Cool  Spring,  Pa 

Coolville,  0 

Coon,  Iowa 

Coon,  Wis 

Coon  Creek.  Minn 

Cooney,  N.M 

Coon  Kapids,  Iowa. 

Coon  Valley,  Iowa 

Cooper,  Ala 

Cooper,  Ga 

Cooper,  III 

Cooper,  Iowa 

Cooper,  Iowa 

Cooper,  Kan 

Coo|)er,  Me 

Cooper,  Mich 

Cooper,  Mo 

Cooi)er,  N.C 

Cooper,  Pa 

Cooper,  Pa 

Cooper,  S.C... 


Bank  of 
place. 


poBt-viU 

township 

post-twp 

|)ost-twp 

township 

township 

lX)St-Vill 

township 

township 

|)08t-boro' 

precinct 

mil.-diKt 

township 

post-boro' 

townshi]) 

city 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

village 

township 

township 

township 

district 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

IKjst-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

mil.-diwt 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

town^hip 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Wayne 

Broome 

Pawnee 

Mcl,.ean 

Holt 

Ashtabula 

Ashtaliula 

Cniwford , 

Erie 

Crawford 

GallHtin 

Berrien 

Kayette 

Kayeile 

Kayette 

Fayette 

Douglas 

Baker 

Schuylkill 

Buchanan 

Iowa 

Halifax 

Washington.... 

Grayson 

Butler 

Catawba 

Adams 

Lancaster 

Cayuga 

Grundy 

Davidson 

Montgomery... 

Franklin 

Oswego 

Oswego 

Saint  Joseph... 
Saint  Joseph... 

Pitt 

Lenoir 

Poi>e 

Calhoun 

Van  Wert 

Taylor 

Faulkner 

Lafayette 

Sumner 

Franklin 

Livingston 

Laclede 

Carroll 

Horry 

Horry 

Sumner 

Rockdale 

Columbia 

Luzerne 

Butts 

Fulton 

Sac 

Decatur 

Westmoreland. 


Cumberland.. 

Putnam 

Grant 

Saint  Clair.  .. 

Heard 

Monroe 

Hamilton 

Hamilton 

Valencia 

Habersham... 

La  Porte 

Iredell , 

Rutherford... 

Mercer 

Athens 

Biiena  Vista., 

Vernon 

Lyon 

Socorro 

Carroll 

Sac 

Chilton 

Decatur 

Sangamon 

Monona 

Webster 

Stafford 

Washington.. 
Kalamazoo ... 

Gentry 

Nash 

Clearfield 

Montour 

Edgefield 


Population. 


1880.      189a 


801 
1,420 


2,947 
1,256 
1,601 
1,646 
941 


1,366 
3,009 
4,660 
3,228 
956 

14: 

362 

697 

2.'i2 

1,:577 


1,190 
l.-VO 
1,211 
2,055 
1,661 


1,218 
4,.56I 
1,532 
3,124 
3;V> 
2,441 
l,4u6 
2,069 
1,453 


966 

386 

42:! 

1,028 


258 
1,7(>0 
1,344 


2,094 

2,:ni2 

675 


1,374 

1,805 

488 

1,000 

2,438 

399 


1,250 


417 

279 


58t-, 
1,223 


377 

1,549 
822 

1,440 
97( 
323 
379 
98.1 
106 


64 

409 

2,:M2 

1,.369 

870 

260 

.6:J3 

630 

;146 

1,193 

3,273 

1,68:! 


383 
2,632 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF    1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
Btute. 


Cooper,  S.D 

Cooper,  Tex 

Cooper,  W.  Va 

Cooper  Gap,  N.C 

Coopersburg,  Pa 

Cooper'a  Creek,  Ga 

Coopersdale,  Pa 

Cooperstown,  III 

Cooperstown,  N.Y 

Cooperstown,  N.D 

Cooperstown,  N.D 

Cooi)ersti>wn,  Pa 

Cooperstown,  Wis 

Coopersville,  Mich 

Coosa,  Ga 

Coosawattee,  Ga 

Coosiiwattee,  Ga 

Coosawliatcliie,  S.C 

Coosawhatchie,  S.C 

Coos  City,  Ore 

Coos  River,  Ore 

Copake,  N.Y 

Cope,  Col 

Copeland,  Pa 

Copenhagen,  N.Y 

Coplav,  Pa 

Coplf",  Va 

Copley,  111 

Copley,  0 

Copley,  0 

Copper  Creek,  Ky 

Copper  Creek,  Va 

Copper  Harbor,  Mich... 

Coi)per  Mines,  Ala 

Copperopolis,  Cal 

Coiinille  City,  Ore 

Coquille  City,  Ore 

Cora,  Kan 

Cora,  Mont 

Cora.  S.D 

Coral,  III 

Coral,  Midi 

Conilville,  Iowa 

Coraopolis,  Pa 

Corbin,  Kan 

Coibin,  Mont 

Corcoran,  Minn 

Cordele,  Ga 

Corder,  Mo 

Cordova,  Ala 

Cordova,  III 

Cordova,  111 

Cordova,  Ky 

Cordova,  Minn 

Cordova,  Minn 

Cordovas,  N.M 

Core  City,  Ark 

Corfu,  N.Y 

Corinna,  Me 

Corinna,  Minn 

Corinth,  Ala 

Corinth,  Ga« 

Corinth,  Iowa 

Corinth,  Kan 

Corinth,  Ky 

Corinth,  Me 

Corinth,  Miss 

Corinth,  N.Y 

Corinth,  N.Y , 

Corinth,  Vt , 

Cork,  Fla 

Corley  Sch'l  H'se,  Teiin 

Corliss,  Minn 

Cormorant,  Minn... 

Cornelia,  Ga 

Cornelia,  Ga 

Cornelius,  Ala 

Cornelius,  Ore 

Cornell,  111 

Cornell,  Neb 

Cornell,  N.D 

Cornett,  Ky 

Cornie,  Ark 

Cornie,  Ark 

Corning,  Ark , 

Corning,  Cal , 

Corning,  Cal , 

Corning,  Iowa 

Corning,  Kan 

Corning,  Kan 

Corning,  Mo 

Corning,  N.Y 

Corning,  N.Y 

Corning,  0 

Corning,  Wis 

Cornish,  Mo 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-boro' 

mil  -dist 

borough 

post-t»p 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-buro' 

post-twp 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

pcrst-twp 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

post-prect 

village 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

mag.-dist 

lownship 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

townsliip 

post-prect 

post-tow  n 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

pt)8t-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

nul.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

civil-dist 

township 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

l)Ost-vill 

po«t-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 


Aurora 

Delta 

Mason 

Polk 

I.ehigh 

Uniiin 

Cumbria 

Brown 

Otsego 

O'iggs , 

Griggs 

Venango 

Manitowoc 

Ottawa 

Union 

Gilmer 

Gordon 

Beaufort 

Hampton 

Coos 

Coos 

Columbia , 

Arapahoe 

Alleghany 

Lewis 

Lehigh 

Westmoreland. 

Knox 

Summit 

Summit 

Uock  Castle.... 

Russell 

Keweenaw , 

Clay 

Calaveras 

Coos 

Coos 

Smith 

Cascade 

Sully 

McHenry 

Montcalm 

■lohnson 

Alleghany 

Sumner 

Jefferson 

Hennepin 

Dooly 

Lafayette 

Walker 

Rock  Island,... 
Rock  Island.... 

Grant 

Le  Sueur 

Le  Sueur 

Taos 

Crawford 

Genesee 

Penobscot 

Wright 

De  Kalb 

Heard 

Humboldt 

Osborne 

Grant 

Penobscot 

Alcorn 

Saratoga 

Saratoga 

Orange 

Hillsborough.. 

Trousdale 

Otter  Tail 

Becker 

Habersham 

Habersham 

Blount 

Washington... 

Livingston 

Hitchcock 


Population. 


Clay 

Columbia.. 

Union 

Clav 

Tehama.... 
Tehama.... 

Adams 

Nemaha... 

Kooks 

Holt 

Steuben.... 

Steuben.... 

Perry..  .... 

Lincoln.... 

York 


2U4 

1,945 

884 

39-.^ 

214 

409 

1,649 

2,199 


297 

1,700 

645 

644 

323 

509 

1,706 

l,76:l 

200 

266 

1,905 


702 

774 

3,698 

1,071 

1,184 

153 


1,697 
141 
747 
148 
296 
176 


1,279 
690 
347 


1,174 


86;$ 
447 
1,8-28 
786 
140 


353 

1,603 

386 


630 

322 

581 

1,217 

1,333 

2,275 

1,737 

510 

1,627 


686 
437 


613 

686 

1,110 

393 


1,.')26 
63 
381 
221 

7,402 

4,^02 
2"( 
112 

1,169 


629 

2,385 

969 

454 

339 

619 

1,466 

2,667 

488 

368 

290 

1,029 

790 

604 

389 

623 

2,423 

2,303 

211 

449 

1,516 

265 

1,349 

777 

880 

3,658 

910 

1,080 

241 

1,152 

1,604 

58 

?800 

232 

814 

494 

605 

137 

57 

i,a=)4 

.335 

173 

962 

174 

127 

1,212 

1,.578 

1,145 

702 

828 

443 

1,262 

1,046 

1,046 

838 

679 

398 

1,207 

564 

.671 

627 

486 

462 

1,242 

1,154 

2,111 

2,124 

1,222 

1,027 

547 

511 

294 

504 

8.52 

175 

201 

1,067 

4:17 

287 

82 

1,229 

875 

1,150 

684 

1,280 

210 

1,682 

291 

300 

176 

10,188 

8,.66(1 

1,651 

347 

1,118 


Name  of  place  and 
btate. 


Cornish,  Minn 

Cornish,  N.H 

Cornishville,  Ky 

Cornplanter,  Pa 

Cornucopia,  Ore 

Cornville,  Me 

Cornwall,  Conn 

Cornwall,  Conn 

Cornwall,  111 

Cornwall,  N.Y 

Cornwall,  Pa 

Cornwall,  S.D 

Cornwall,  Vt 

Cornwall  on  the  Hud- 
son, N.Y 

Corona,  Col 

Corona,  N.Y 

Coronado,  Kan 

Corpus  Christi,  Tex 

Corral,  Idaho 

Corrales,  N.M 

Correctionville,  Iowa... 

Coriigan,  Tex 

Corry,  Pa 

Corsica,  Pa 

Corsicana,  Tex 

Corlez.Col 

Cortez,Col , 

Cortland,  Neb 

Cortland,  N.Y , 

Cortland,  O 

Cortlandt,  N.Y 

Cortlandt,S.D , 

Cortlandville,  N.Y 

Corvallis,  Mont , 

Corvallis,  Ore 

Corunna,  Mich 

Corwin,  111 

Corwin,  Iowa 

Corwitli,  Iowa , 

Corwitli,  Mich , 

Corydon,  Ind 

Corydon,  Iowa 

Corydon,  Iowa 

Corydon,  Ky 

Corydon,  Ky 

Corydon,  Pa 

Corydon,  Pa 

Coshocton,  0 

Cosmo,  Neb 

Cosmopolis,  Wash 

Cosmos,  Minn 

Coston,  Md 

CoHumne,  Cal 

Cosnmnes,  Cal 

Cote  Sans  Dessein,  Mo 

Colesfield,  Neb 

Cotile,  La 

Cotohaga,  Ala 

CotopHxi,Col 

Cottage  City,  Mass 

Cottiige  Grove,  III 

Cottage  Gro  ve  Kan.... 

Cottage  Grove,  Minn.., 

Cottage  Grove,  Ore 

Cottage  Grove,  Wis 

Cottage  Hill,  Kan 

Cotterell,  Neb 

Cotton,  Ind 

Cotton  Creek,  Col 

Cottondale,  Ala 

Cotton  Grove,  N.C 

Cotton  Hill,  Ala 

Cotton  Hill,  Ga 

Cotton  Hill,  III 

Cotton  Hill,  Mo 

Cotton  Plant,  Ark 

Cotton  Plant,  Ark 

Cotton  Valley,  Ala 

Cottonwood,  Ala 

Cottonwood,  Cal 

Cottonwood,  Cal 

Cottonwood,  Cal 

Cottonwood,  Cal 

Cottonwood,  Col 

Cottonwood,  Col 

Cottonwood,  111 

Cottonwood,  Kan 

Cottonwood,  Minn 

Cottonwood,  Neb , 

Cottonwood,  Neb 

Cottonwood,  Neb , 

Cottonwood,  Neb 

Cottonwood,  N.D 

Cottonwood,  N.D 

Cottonwood,  Ore , 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

post-town 

mag  -dist 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-vill 

JH)St-twp 

city 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-vill 

city 

l)ost-boro' 

city 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

city 

city 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

|)ost-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

district 

JK)St-tWp 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

ward 

precinct 

pnst-prect 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-prect 

township 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post  prect 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 


County. 


Sibley 

Sullivan.... 

Mercer 

Venango... 

Union 

Somerset... 
Litchfield.. 
Litchfield.. 

Henry 

Orange 

Lebanon  ... 

Spink 

Addison 


Orange 

Morgan 

Queens 

Wichita 

Nueces 

Logan 

Bernalillo 

Woodbury 

Polk 

Erie 

Jefferson 

Navarro 

Montezuma 

Montezuma 

Gage 

Cortland 

Trumbull 

Westchester 

Edmunds 

Cortlanil 

Missoula 

Benton , 

Shiawassee , 

Logan 

Lla 

Hancock 

Otsego 

Harrisou... 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Henderson , 

Henderson 

McKean 

Warren , 

Coshocton 

Kearney , 

Chehalis 

Meeker 

Worcester 

Sacramento 

£1  Dorado 

Callaway 

Howard 

Rapides 

Sumter 

Fremont 

Dukes 

Saline 

Allen 

Washington.... 

Lane 

Dane 

Marshall 

Dodge 

Switzerland 

Saguache 

Tuscaloosa 

Davidson 

Barbour. 

Clay 

Sangamon 

Dunklin 

Woodruff. 

Woodruff. 

Macon 

Henry 

San  Diego 

Shasta 

Tehama 

Yolo 

Fremont 

Montrose 

Cuml)eiland.... 

Chase 

Brown 

Adams 

Nance 

Phel|« 

Sioux 

La  Moure 

Well- 

Umatilla. 


Population. 


1880.     1890, 


274 
1,166 
1,267 
3,238 


932 
1,583 


887 
3,833 
2,522 


3,257 


6,277 

391 

3,373 


4,050 

617 

12,664 


7,114 


1,128 
1,501 
1,024 
1,148 


206 
763 

1,518 
801 

2,789 
544 
154 
335 

3,044 
261 


113 

3,031 
642 
679 

1,630 
608 

2,566 


672 
909 
999 
783 
967 
1,159 


1,609 


1,622 
1,092 
1,073 
3,a31 
1,151 
1,096 
1,586 
98 
2,173 
841 


576 
1,866 


1,493 

1,139 

713 

761 


700 

954 

1,174 

2,457 

182 

785 

1,283 

517 

658 

3,766 

2,487 

104 

927 

760 

103 

2,362 

148 

4,387 

150 

569 

869 

298 

5,677 

338 

6,285 

621 

332 

609 

8,.690 

697 

15,139 

121 

11,461 

1,337 

1,527 

1,382 

1,032 

2,163 

334 

699 

880 

1,524 

962 

2,518 

777 

837 

527 

3,672 

7U2 

287 

311 

3,473 

443 

5(a 

1,513 

760 

3,048 

509 

184 

1,080 

1,029 

847 

717 

1,.527 

1,305 

619 

701 

1,401 

265 

2,248 

1,215 

656 

2,622 

1,140 

2,906 

2,018 

429 

1,910 

1,114 

66 

269 

619 

957 

78 

14 

1,490 

952 

697 

548 

260 

263 

393 

361 

78 

3^ 


85 


CITIBS,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  |>lac«  And 
•tKte. 


CMtonwoed,  8.D 

OMioiiwood,  Waab.  . 
(V>Ui>iiwo<hI  KhIU,  Kkii 
(Vl(»niriKMj  Scr'K*.  tivl> 

0>ltit-llTillf,  Mich 

OiMiilerKport,  !*». 

OiN)l<>«.  M.U 

Ouulunvllle.  Ill 

OuUlteraYllle.  Ill 

Cuullrrvlllr,  C4l 

Couucil,  Ark 

Cmincil  BluOa,  Iuwh.... 
Ouuncit  Cr*»k,  Neb  .... 

Council  Criive,  Kan 

Council  Gruve,  Kan 

Council  Hill.  Ill 

Ouiincil  Valley,  Iduhu.. 

County  Linti,  Ark 

County  Line,  Cia 

County  Line,  Teiin 

Coutieville,  WhsH 

Court  House-,  Ala. 

Court  HoiiM,  Ala. 

Qiurt  Huuae,  Ac,  Fla... 

Court  House,  Ga 

Court  HuuM,  Ky 

Couit  Huuse,  Ac,  Ky... 

Court  House,  Ky 

Court  House,  Ky 

Court  House,  N.C 

Court  House,  S.C. 

Court  House,  Tenii 

Court  House,  W.  Vu 

Court  House,  W.  Ya. ... 
Court  House  Rock,  Neb. 

Courtland,  Ala 

Courtland,  Ala 

Courtland,  III 

Courtland,  III 

Courtland,  Kun 

Courtland,  Kan 

Courtland,  Mich 

Courtland,  Minn 

Conrtlnnd,  Va 

Courtland,  Wis 

Courtols,  Mo 

Cousliutta,  La 

Coutre,  Mo 

Cove,  Ark 

Cove,  Ore ». 

Cove,  Ore. 

Cove,  W.  Va 

Cove  Clly,  Ga 

Cove  Creek,  .\rk 

Cove  Creek,  N.C 

Coventry,  Conn 

Coventry,  N.Y 

Coventry,  0 

Coventry,  K.I _ 

Coventry,  Vt 

Covert,  Ka 

Covert,  Mich 

Covert,  Mich 

Covert,  N.Y 

Covevllle,  Utah 

Covington,  Ga 

Covington,  III 

Covington,  Ind 

Covington,  Ky 

Covington,  Ky 

Covington,  Ln 

Covington,  N«b 

Covington,  Neb 

Covington,  N.Y 

Covington,  0 

Covington,  Pa 

Covington,  Pa 

Covington,  Pa «.... 

Covington,  Pii 

Covington,  Tenn 

Covington,  Va 

Covington,  Va 

Cowan,  Ky 

Cowan,  Mo 

Cowan,  Tenn 

Cowanshannnck,  Pa 

Cow  Castle,  SO 

Cow  Creek.  Ky 

Cow  Creek,  Ore 

Cowden,  III 

Cowee,  N.C 

Cow  Island,  L« 

Cow  Lake,  Ark 

Cowlitz,  Wash 

Cowlitx,  Wash 

Oowpeua,  S.C. .-. 

86 


JUnk  of 
placn. 


township 

precinct 

post  vill 

l>o«l-prect 

lown«hi|i 

poet-boro' 

township 

precinct 

pott-vill 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

lowunhip 

city 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

niil.-dist 

clvil-dist 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

niil.-dist 

precinct 

inag.-dist 

mil.-dist 

niag.-<ii8t 

township 

township 

civil-dint 

mag.-dist 

Diag.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

townsliip 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

townsliip 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

mil.-dist 

townsliip 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

city 

city 

uiag.-dist 

post-town 

precinct 

village 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

townxhip 

township 

post-boro' 

|K>St-tOWII 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

p<ist-town 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

pos^vi)) 

township 

ward 

township 

proci  net 

post-Till 

po«t-twp 


County. 


Clark.. 

Asoiin 

Chitae 

Lincoln 

Halnt  Clair. 

Poller 

Kanisey 

Randolph... 

Randolph.^ 

Muripoaa 

Lee 

Pottawattamie. 

Nance 

Morris 

Morris 

Jo  Daviess 

Washington 

Howard 

Carroll 

Moore 

Island 

(.'leburne 

Tuscaloosa 

Sumter 

Bryan 

Garrard 

Meade 

Hopkins 

Muhlenberg 

Canxlen 

Chnstertleld 

Hamblen 

Lewis. 

Taylor 

Clieyenne 

Lawrence. 

Lawrence 

I>e  Kail 

De  Kail. 

Republic 

Republic 

Kent 

Nicollet 

SpottRylvania... 

Columbia 

Crawford 

Red  River 

Pemiscot 

Polk 

Union 

Union 

Barbour. 

Whitfield 

Washington 

Watauga 

Tolland 

Chenango 

Summit 

Kent , 

Orleans 

Osborne 

Van  Buren 

Van  Buieu 

Seneca 

Cache. 

Newton 

Washington 

Fountain 

Kenton 

Oldliam 

St  Tammany... 

Dakota 

Dakota 

Wyoming 

Miami 

Clearfield 

Lackawanna.... 

Tioga 

Tioga 

Tipton 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Letciier 

Wavne 

Franklin 

Armstrong  .... 

Orangeburg 

Owsley , 

l>ougla8 

Shelby.... 

Macon 

Cameron 

Jacksou- , 

Lewis. 

Lewis „..., 

Sparti^nturg..., 


PopuUiion. 


1880.      1800. 


MM 

1,231 
en 


1,280 

224 

87» 

18,003 


1,6.12 

1,042 

696 


637 

68:! 

90 

1,496 

6,82t> 


1,37 

2,678 

2,712 

3,096 

2,907 

1,987 

2,367 


2,142 

2,409 
85 

3,183 
68U 

1,413 
953 
661 


1,3;«) 
864 
7,697 
1,321 
liSdi 
488 


1,296 
631 


2,0(18 

699 

671 

1,211 

2,043 

1,317 

2,;Ki5 

4,610 

911 


1,136 

228 

2,166 


1,415 


1,9^0 
29,720 
489 
667 
315 
224 

1,176 

1,458 
729 
88) 

1,134 
343 
799 

1,893 
436 
396 
764 
222 

2,011 

1,149 

6a' 

295 

aw 

1,060 
StMi 
347 


362 
12 

770 

193 

1,(164 

1,530 

326 

1,076 

698 

626 

948 

21,474 

360 

487 

2,211 

429 

482 

6&:t 

616 

675 

613 

1,837 

7,4:«i 

3,414 

900 

2,167 

2,786 

2,847 

2,706 

1,084 

2,879 

1,968 

2,629 

2,483 

32fi 

3,284 

579 

1,262 

313 

9iil 

21)7 

1,280 

927 

6,967 

1,245 

1,598 

619 

600 

086 

801 

223 

1,986 

7a5 

824 

1,«1!2 

1,875 

1,166 

2,3H9 

6,068 

879 

369 

1,381 

3-25 

1,96.1 

248 

l,8-.i3 

9:{0 

1,891 

37,371 

384 

976 

1,028 

:<64 

1,151 

1,778 

747 

8S4 

1,122 

496 

1,067 

2,481 

7m 

432 

9(W) 

624 

2,170 

1,148 

6S6 

93 

702 

1,263 

;r,5 

677 
381 
376 
349 


Kame  of  place  ai^d 
state. 


Cox,  Al» 

Cox,  Neb..., 

Cox  Creek,  Iowa 

Cnxe,  Ga 

Coxsackie,  N.Y 

Coxsackie,  N.Y 

Cox's  Mill,  Ala 

Coxville,  Ind 

Oiyle.  Ky 

Coyote,  Neb 

Coyote,  N.M 

Coyote,  Ore 

Coyote,  Utah 

Coyote  Lucero,  N.M.. 

Cozad,  Neb 

Cozad,  Neb 

Crab  Creek,  NO. 

Crab  Grass,  Fla 

Crab  Orclnml,  111 

Crab  Orchard,  Ky 

Crab  Orchard,  Ky 

Crab  Onhard,  Neb.... 

Crab  « irchard,  N.C 

Crab  Orchaid,  Tenn... 

Crab  Tree,  N.C 

Crabtree,  N.C 

Crab  Tree,  Pa 

Cracker,  Ore 

CrMftsbury,  Vt 

Craig,  Ark 

Craig,  Ind 

Craig,  Mo 

Ciu'g,  Mont 

Craig,  Neb 

Craig,  Neb 

Craig,  Tenn 

Cranberry,  N..1 

Cranberry,  N.C 

Cranberry,  N.C 

Cranberry,  0 

Cranberry,  Pa 

Cranberry,  Pa 

Cmnberry  Isles,  Me., 

Crandall,  Tex 

Crandon,  S.O 

Crandon,  Wis 

Crane,  Idaho 

Crane,  0 

Crane,  0 

Crane  Creek,  111 

Crane  Creek,  Mo 

Crane  Creek,  Ore 

Cranford,  N.J 

Cranston,  R.I 

Crapoville,  La 

Crate,  Minn.. 

Crater,  111 

Crawfish  Springs,  Ga. 

Crawford,  Ala 

Crawford,  Ala , 

Crawford,  Ark 

Crawford,  Ark 

Crawford,  Col 

Crawford,  Ga 

Crawford,  Iowa 

Crawford,  Iowa 

Crawford,  Kan 

Crawford,  Kan 

Cia«fi>rd,  Ky 

Crawford,  Me 

Crawford,  Miss 

Crawford,  Mo 

Crawford,  Mo 

Crawford,  Neb 

Crawford,  Neb 

Crawford,  Neb 

Crawford,  N.Y 

Crawford,  N.C 

Crawford,  O 

Crawford,  0 

Crawford,  Pa 

Crawfonisville,  Ind.... 
Crawfordsville,  Ore... 

Crawfordville,  Fla 

Crawfordville,  Ga 

Crawfordville,  Ga 

Creagerstown,  Md 

Creal  Springs,  III 

Cream  Ri<lge,  Mo 

Ciedill,  Ga 

Credit  River,  Minn.... 

Creek,  Ga 

Creek,  III 

Creek,  Kan 

CreelKborongh,  Ky.... 
Cieightou,  Mo 


Rank  of 

place. 


prednot 

precinct 

township 

niil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

{Kist-town 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

ixist-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

civil-dJBt 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-vill 

precinct 

civil-dist 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post  town 

post-town 

jiost-twp 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

ward 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

jiost-prect 

township 

township 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post-prect 

post-prect 

niil.-dist 

post-vill 

district 

post-vill 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

niil.-dist 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post- town 


County. 


Ktowah 

Lincoln 

Clayton 

Cobb 

Greene 

Greene 

Barbour 

Parke 

Jackson 

Dawson 

Mora 

Lane 

Garfleld 

Mora 

Dawson 

Dawson 

Henderson 

Osceola 

Williamson 

Lincoln! 

Lincoln 

Johnson 

Mecklenburg... 

Carter 

Haywood 

Yancey 

Westmoreland.. 

Baker 

Orleans 

Van  Buren 

Switzerland 

Holt 

Lewis  <&  Clarke 

Burt 

Dawes 

Campbell 

Midiilesex.. 

Alleghany 

Mitchell 

Crawford 

Butler 

Venango 

Hancock 

Kaufman 

Spink 

Forest 

Washington 

Paulding 

Wyandot 

Mason 

Barry 

Harney 

Union 

Providence 

Iberia 

Chippewa™ 

Calhoun 

Walker 

Marshall 

Russell 

Washington 

Yell 

Delta 

Oglethorpe 

Madison 

Washington 

Cherokee 

Crawford 

Breatliitt 

Washington 

Lowndes 

Buchanan 

Ossige 

Antelope 

Dawes 

Dawes 

Orange 

Currituck 

Coshocton 

Wyandot 

Clinton 

Montgomery.... 

Linn 

Wakulla 

Taliaferro 

Taliaferro 

Frederick 

Williamson 

Livingston 

Greene 

Scott 

Dade 

De  Witt 

Sumner 

Knssell 

Caes 


Population. 


056 


1,042 
1,642 
4,(K)9 
1,661 
U66 


032 
313 


876 


1,109 

2,<t81 

638 


2,22:1 
98!t 
846 
746 


l,:i81 
612 

1,980 
611 


1,278 

1,.590 

602 


1,824 
9S<3 

2,4:14 
;i43 


1,202 

6,027 

801 

848 


1,184 
5,940 
3,801 


675 
039 


1,960 

672 

*  231 


7(* 
9.)  I 

1,261 
893 

2,799 
793 
206 
3f)4 

1,402 

2,862 


1,951 
2,3,50 
1,431 
2,213 
46:i 
5,251 


249 

815 

511 

1,054 


1,208 
8:.7 
383 
492 

1,211 


1,433 


CITIES,  TOAVNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OP    1880   AND   1890   COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Creighton,  Neb 

C'reighton,  Kel 

Ci'ensliaw,  Ala 

Creola,  Ala 

Crescent,  Cal.... 

CSfesceiit,  Fla 

Crescent,  III 

Crescent,  Iowa 

Ci'esccut,  I'a 

Crescent  City,  Cal 

Crescent  Mills,  Cal 

Cresco,  Iowa 

Cresco,  Iowa 

Cressona,  Pa 

Crested  Butte,  Col 

Crestline,  0 

Creston,  111 

Crestiin,  Iowa 

Creston,  luwa 

Creston,  Neb 

Creston,  Neli 

Creston,  N.C 

Creston,  0 

Crestone,  Col 

Creutones,  Col 

Crestview,  Kla 

Creswell,  Kan 

Creswell,  N.C 

Creswell,  Ore 

Crete,  III 

Crete,  III 

Crete,  Neb 

Crete,  Neb 

Crewe,  Va 

Crews,  Ala 

Crewsville,  Fla 

Crichton,  Idaho 

Cridersville,  0 

Crisfield,  Md 

Crisfiold,  Md 

Crislet,  Minn 

Crittenden,  III 

Crittenden,  Ky 

Crittenden,  Ky 

Crittenden  Grovo,Tenn. 

Croatan,  i&c,  N.C 

Crocker,  Iowa 

Crockery,  Mich 

Crockett,  Ark 

Crockett,  Ark 

Crockett,  Cal 

Crockett,  Tex 

Crockett  Mills,  Tenn... 

Crockeltsville,  Ky 

Crocus,  Kv 

Crofte,  N.D 

Crofton,  Ky 

Croftou,  Ky 

Croghan.  N.Y 

Croke,  Minn 

Crombie,  Ga 

Cromers,  S.G 

Cromwell,  Coun 

Cromwell,  Ky 

Cromwell,  Ky 

Cromwell,  Minn 

Cromwell.  Pa 

Cronly,  N.C 

Crook,  Ark 

Crook,  Col 

Crook,  III 

Crook,  W.Va 

Crooked  Creek,  Ark 

Crooked  Creek,  Ark..... 

Ciookeil  Creek,  111 

Crooked  Creek,  III 

Crooked  Cieek,  Kan.... 

Crooked  Creek,  Ky 

Crooked  Creek,  Ky 

Crooked  Creek,  Minn... 

Crooked  Creek,  Mo 

Crooked  Creek,  N  C 

Crooked  Cieek,  Ore 

Crooked  River,  Mo 

Crooked  River,  Ore 

Crooks,  Minn 

Croukston,  Minn 

Crookston,  Minn 

Crooksville,  Col 

Cropsey,  III 

Crosby,  O 

Cross,  Wis 

Cross  Anchor,  S.C 

Cross  Creek,  N.C 

(!ross  Creek,  O 

Cross  Creek,  Pa. 


Bank  of 
place. 


precinct 

(lost-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

village 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

pi)St-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-boio' 

post-prect 

city 

post-vill 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

jiost-prect 

precinct 

jtost  prect 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

city 

post-town 

precinct 

post  piect 

Iiost-prect 

post-vill 

district 

post-vill 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

civil-dist 

township' 

poi-t-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

civil.dist 

mag.-dist 

niMg.-dist 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

po.st-prect 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

towiiship 

township 

city 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Knox 

Knox 

WHlker. 

Mobile 

Del  Norte 

Putnam 

Iroquois 

Pottawattiimie 

Alleghany 

Del  Norte 

Plumas 

Howard 

Kossuth 

.^chnylkill 

Gunnison 

Crawford 

Ogle.....' 

Union 

Union 

Platte 

Platte 

Ashe 

Wayne 

Saguache 

Huerfano 

Walton 

Cowley 

Washington 

Lane 

Will 

Will 

Saline 

Saline 

Nottoway 

Coosa 

DeSoto 

Logan 

Auglaize 

Somerset 

Somerset 

Polk 

Cliiinipaigu 

Grant 

Grant 

Obion 

Dare 

Polk 

Ottawa 

Arkansas 

Marion 

Contra  Costa.... 

Houston 

Crockett 

Breathitt 

Cumberland 

Burleigh 

Christian 

Christian 

Lewis 

Traverse 

Douglas 

Newberry 

Middlesex. 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Clay 

Huntingdon 

Columbus 

Drew 

Log-.in 

Hamilton 

Boone  

Boone 

Lonoke 

Cumberland.... 

.lasper. 

Meade 

Estill 

Rock  Castle 

Houstoi , 

Bollinger 

McDowell 

Lake 

Ray 

Crook 

Renville 

Polk 

Polk 

Gunnison 

McLean 

Hamilton 

Buffalo 

Spartanburg... 
Cumberland.... 

.Jefferson 

WagUingtoD.... 


Population. 


795 
10 


H69 
1,281 


1,027 
667 
419 


1,875 

781 

1,455 


2,84S 
3G4 


6,081 


1,799 
145 


i,7r>3 

539 
2,509 
1,870 


749 


260 

3,009 

98C 


1,004 
1,6"4 

323 
1,6G3 

32-2 

790 
1,240 

342 


599 

741 

1,246 

461 


136 
3,374 


772 
2,681 
1,640 
2,108 

200 


1,713 


549 


859 
1,116 


1,116 
2,011 


2,426 


6.56 

1,285 

749 

1, 


109 
1,227 


497 
l,0t3 

700 
2,2.54 
6,076 
1,711 
1,136 


1,346 
822 

1,346 
331 

1,620 
554 

1,002 
600 
786 
907 
202 

2,018 
415 

1,481 
807 

2,911 
329 

7,200 

7,200 
706 
200 
558 
684 
151 
834 
220 

1,004 
2fr2 
753 

1,688 
642 

3,283 

2,310 
887 
504 
440 
241 
465 

3,980 

1,566 
116 
932 

1,222 
440 

1,799 
376 
850 

1,247 
628 
267 
301 

1,445 

743 

781 

660 

27 

1,948 
428 

3,527 
223 
496 

2,223 

1,987 

1,984 
185 
161 

1,224 
122 
608 
135 

1,548 

1,189 

1,082 
505 

1,260 

2,6:m 

172 

1,7.53 

1,178 

621 

1,455 

879 

176 

2,549 

151 

256 

251 

3,457 

123 

643 

949 

671 

2,901 

6,012 

1,682 

966 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Cross  Creek,  W.  Va 

Cross  Hill,  S.C 

Cross  Hill,  S.C 

Cross  Keys,  Ala 

Cross  Keys,  Ga 

Cross  Keys,  S.C 

Crossland,  Ala 

Cross  Plains,  Ga. 

Cross  Plains,  Wis 

Cross  Roads,  Ala 

Crotis  Roads,  Ala 

Cross  Roads,  Ala 

Cross  Roails,  Fla 

Cross  Roads,  Ga 

Cross  Roads,  Ga 

Cross  Roads,  Ga 

Ci'oss  Roads,  Ky 

Cross  Roads,  N.(! 

Cross  Roads,  N.C 

Cross  Timbers,  Mo 

Cross  Village,  Mich 

CroKBVille,  Ua 

Crossville,  Tenn 

Croswell,  Mich 

Crothersville,  Ind 

Croton,  Mich 

Croton,  Mich 

Crotty,  III 

Crouch,  III 

Crow,  8.D 

Crow  Creek,  Mont 

Crowder  Mount'n,  N.C. 

Crow  Lake,  Minn 

Crow  Lake,  S.D 

Crowley,  Ark 

Crowley,  La 

Crown  City,  0 

Crown  Point,  Ind 

Crown  Point,  N.Y 

Crown  Rock,  Ore 

Crow  River,  Minn 

Crow's  Bluff,  Fla 

Crow  Wing,  Minn 

(!roydon,  N.H 

Croydon,  Utah 

Croyle,  Pa 

Cruger,  111 

Crumby,  Ga 

Crumley,  Ala 

Cnimpton,  Md 

Crunijiton,  Md 

Crystal,  Ark 

Crystal,  Col 

Crystal,  Idaho 

Crystal,  Iowa 

Crystal,  Iowa 

Crystal,  Kan 

Crystal,  Kan 

Crystal,  Mich 

Crystal,  Mich 

Crystal,  Minn 

Crystal,  N.D.. 

Crystal  Citj',  Mo 

Crystal  Falls,  Mich 

Crystal  Lake,  III 

Crystal  Lake,  Mich 

Crystal  Lake,  Minn 

Crystal  Lake,  S.D 

Crystal  Lake,  Wis 

Crystal  Plains,  Kan 

Crystal  River,  Fla 

Crystal  River,  Fla 

Crvstal  Springs,  Miss... 

Cuba,  Ala 

Cuba,  Ga 

Cuba,  111 

Cuba,  III 

Cuba,  Kan 

Cuba,  Ky 

Cuba,  Minn 

Cuba,  Mo 

Cuba,  N.Y 

Cuba,  N.Y 

Cub  Creek.  Neb 

Cubero,  N.M 

Cub  Bun,  Ac,  Ky 

Cucamongti,  Cal 

Cuchillo,  N.M 

Cuchuras,  Col 

Cuckoo.  Va 

Cuero,  Tex 

Cuffey  Cove,  Cal 

Culvro,  Mo 

Cuivre,  Mo 

Culvro,  Mo 

Cull)ertson,  Neb 


Rank  of 
place. 


mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

l)Ost-vill 

p(iBt-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

village 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

posl-twp 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post- town 

IKJst-town 

(lostprect 

township 

post-jirect 

post-twp 

posl-town 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

district 

post-vill 

towirship 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post  twp 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

post-prect 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 


County. 


Brooke 

Laurens 

Laurens 

Macon 

I)e  Kalb 

Union 

Tuscaloosa 

Carroll 

Dane 

Lauderdale.... 

Marshall 

Pike 

Bradford 

Catoosa 

Cherokee 

Pickens 

Grant 

Martin, 

Wilson 

Hickory 

Emmet,... 

Milton 

Cumberland... 

Sanilac 

.lackson 

Newaygo 

Newavgo 

LaSaile 

Hamilton 

.lerauld 

Jefferson 

Gaston 

Stearns 

Jerauld 

Greene 

Acadia 

Gallia 

Lake 

Essex 

Gilliam 

Stearns 

Lake 

Crow  Wing 

Sullivan 

Morgan 

Cambria 

Woodf.rd 

Lumpkin 

DeKalb 

Queen  Annt's 
Queen  Anne's 
Montgomery.. 

Gunnison 

Custer 

Hancock 

Tama 

Norton 

Phillips 

Montcalm 

Oceana 

Hennepin 

Pembina 

Jefferson 

Iron 

McHenry 

Benzie 

Hennepin 

Aurora 

Marquette 

Smith 

Citrus 

Citrus 

Copiah 

Sumter... 

Early 

Fulton 

Lake 

Itepublic 

Graves 

Becker 

Crawford 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Jefferson 

Valencia 

Hart 

San  Bernardino 

Sierra. 

Huerfano , 

Louisa 

De  Witt 

Mendocino 

Andiain 

Pike 

Saint  Charles. 
Hitchcock 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,946 

2,9.i3 

149 

2,48;» 

1,212 

1,495 

409 

955 

1,331 


610 
1,0.') 
695 
926 

1,0(KI 

471 
806 

1,377 
091 

1,132 
4.52 
691 
99 
447 
i:V, 
807 
118 
738 


2,824 
2;i5 


248 

1,708 

4,287 

97 

137 


608 
248 
1,2.36 
648 
557 


674 

1,295 

661 


546 

912 

1,019 


915 
1,140 
329 
650 
981 


1,761 

369 

374 

2,2(« 

1,251 

690 


6,Ilf» 
1,3.'?3 

3,309 

3,643 

3,8211 

704 


2,078 

2,973 

216 

1,726 

816 

1,443 

623 

1,302 

l,Hi3 

1,106 

311 

1,373 

650 

913 

1,119 

373 

697 

l,0.'i2 

1,402 

1,.536 

484 

6a5 

266 

504 

699 

706 

125 

1,190 

1,703 

158 

1(K) 

1,098 

438 

16i 

612 

420 

235 

1,907 

3,1?.3 

Vl.'iO 

417 

100 

211 

512 

240 

1,874 

481 

67« 

963 

1,983 

317 

112 

88 

64 

223 

656 

411 

6IS 

1,344 

750 

1,074 

594 

1,104 

1,I7« 

781 

1,472 

48 

227 

667 

674 

436 

208 

997 

1,189 

381 

1,114 

956 

415 

2,007 

470 

497 

2,328 

1,386 

1,100 

418 

3,212 

416 

177 

417 

4,2<.t4 

2,442 

1,:M5 

3,919 

4,0(19 

3,262 

654 


87 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


VuM  of  pUc«  and 

■Ule. 


OHibrrtaMi,  Neb ~. 

Oaldruni,  MiiiD 

Cvllrn.  Mo - 

Cullvok*,  Truii 

Cullninii,  Ala ~ 

Culinian,  Ala. 

Culloni,  III 

Culliiwlie*.  N.a 

Cul|>rper,  Va. 

Culvrr,  Kan.... 

Culvrrt,  Cul 

CuWiTti.n,  G» 

CunilHTlmiJ,  Ky 

CuiiiIhtUiiU,  Me 

CumlxTliuiii,  Mil 

CuiiilxTland,  Min 

Cuniberlaiul,  N.O 

CunilK-rlaiKl,  U 

CumlxTlaiKl,  i'a 

CiiiiilK-ilanil,  I>a. 

CuiiiUrlHixl,  K.I 

CunilxTlHiid,  Va 

CiiiiiUTlaiid,  Wis 

CuiiiIktIiidiI,  Wis 

CuiiilM-rland  Caiml,  Md. 
CumU-rlaiid  Cpiit'l.  Bid. 
CuiiilerUnd  CHy.Tonii 
Cumbvrluud  Iron  Wks, 

Tenn 

Cunilirrland  Blv«r.  Md 
Cuiiilx'rland  Valley,  Pu. 

CuniiiiK,  Nfb 

CiimiiiK,  Nell 

Cuniins  City,  Neb 

CuDiiiiiiig,  Ua. 

Cummin^,  Ga 

Ciiuiniiii);,  Mich 

Cumiiiiiigs,  Pa 

CumiiiinKton,  Mass 

Ciiuini,  Pa 

CuiiiiiDgliam,  Ala 

Cunningliain,  Ga. 

Cunningham,  Ky 

Cunningliani,  Mu 

Cunninghnm,  Mo 

Cunniiigliani,  N.C 

CiinningliHm,  S.D 

CunninKliani,  Va 

Curdsville,  Ky 

Curdsville,  Ky 

Curdsville,  Va 

Curetuu,  Ala 

Curlew,  Fla 

Ciirllsville,  Pa. 

Cuirahee,  Ga. 

Curran,  III 

Cuiran,  Wig 

Currant  Creek,  Col 

Current,  Mo 

Current,  Mo 

Current  River,  Ark 

Current  Kiver,  Ark 

Current  Kiver,  Mo 

Currituck,  N.C 

Curry,  Ind 

Curry,  W.  Va 

Cnrryville,  Mo 

CurtMil,  Ky „ 

Curtin,  Pa 

Curtis,  C.d 

Curtis,  Mich „ 

Curtis,  Neb 

Curli»,  Neb 

Curtis,  W.Va. 

Curwciisville,  Pa 

Cnshing,  Me 

Cusick's  Cr's  R'ds,Tenn 

Coaseta,  Ala 

CnaKta,  Ga 

Cussela,  Ga 

Cuaeewagu,  Pa. 

Custar,  O 

Custer,  Idxho 

Custer,  III 

Custer,  Kan 

Cusler,  Kan 

Cu«t«r,  Mil h 

Cusler,  Mlch.„ 

Custer,  Mich 

Custer,  Minn... 

Custer,  Neb 

Custer,  Neb „... 

Outer,  Neb 

Custer,  S.D 

Custer,  S.D 

Cuthbert,  Ga „. 

88 


Bank  of 
plac«. 


poM-Ttll 

tuwiialilp 

township 

posl-vill 

precinct 

poat-Tlll 

post-vill 

po«t-twp 

p<i«t-town 

po«t-lwp 

precinct 

niil.-dist 

mag..<list 

poat-tuwn 

city 

IHwt-beat 

post-vill 

post-Till 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dlst 

township 

city 

district 

district 

pust-vill 

civildist 

district 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dii«t 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

jiost-boro' 

precinct 

niil.-dist 

niag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

lK)8t-Vill 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

post-boro' 

inil.-dUt 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

townchip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-prect 

town'-hip 

precinct 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-boro' 

post-town 

civil-dist 

poet-prect 

niil.-dist 

IKWt-Till 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

po8t-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

miL-dist 


Ctoanty. 


Bilcbcock....... 

Morrison 

PuUskI 

Maury 

CullDian 

Cullman 

Livingston 

Jackson 

Culpeper 

Ottawa. 

Ouray 

Hancock 

Letcht-r 

Cumberland.... 

Alleghany 

Webster 

Cumberland.... 

Guernsey 

Adams 

Greene 

Providence^.... 

New  Kent 

Uarron 

Uarron 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Stewart 


Stewart 

Alleghany 

Bedford 

Cuming 

Doilge 

Wasliingtou 

Forsyth 

Forsyth 

Ogemaw 

Lycoming 

Hampshire 

Berks 

Perry 

Jackson 

Carlisle 

Chnriton 

Chariton 

Person 

Potter 

Fluvanna 

Daviess 

Daviess 

Buckingham.... 

Henry 

Hillsborough.... 

Clarion 

Habersham 

Sangamon 

Jackson 

Fremont 

Dent 

Texas 

Clay 

Randolph 

Kipley 

Hyde 

Sullivan 

Putnam 

Pike 

Hopkins 

Centre 

Waahington 

Alcona 

Frontier 

Frontier 

Koane 

Clearfield 

Knox 

Sevier. 

Chambers , 

Chattahoochee 
Chattahoochee 

Crawford , 

Wood 

Custer 

Will 

Decatur 

Mitchell 

Antrim 

Mason 

Sanilac 

Lyon 

Antelope 

Custer 

Keya  Paha 

Beadle 

Custer 

Randolph 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


108 

•ea 

l,-i62 
199 

1,249 
426 


713 
l,Gta 
1,111 


933 
71» 

1,GI9 
10,G93 

2,068 


519 
1,512 
1,8CK 
6,445 
1,626 
396 
24G 
4,370 
3,782 


1,492 

2,508 
1,270 


688 

1,815 

250 

122 

319 

8KI 

3,064 

2,201 

1,344 


1,270 

177 

l,.33l 


2,714 
2,569 

197 
2,491 

749 


145 
1,377 
1,065 


460 
231 


699 

299 
2,065 
2,270 
2,076 

273 
2,240 

624 


1,108 

706 

805 

l,32st 

1,398 

1,282 

166 

1,697 

248 


611 


39< 
356 
650 
262 
293 


271 
4,215 


460 

676 

1,668 

334 

1,982 

1,017 

200 

353 

1,620 

635 

614 

1,082 

832 

1,487 

12,729 

2,165 

242 

601 

1,583 

1,729 

8,090 

1,708 

1,646 

1,219 

2,343 

2,140 

244 

1,408 

2,2(U 

1,108 

747 

1,379 

G&5 

1,855 

356 

197 

422 

787 

3,927 

1,732 

1,631 

1,294 

1,341 

196 

1,390 

122 

2,378 

2,945 

341 

2,369 

412 

4(>l 

1.54 

1,220 

994 

706 

105 

682 

441 

146 

1,270 

405 

2,274 

2,443 

2,823 

302 

2,654 

646 

233 

364 

706 

378 

1,302 

l,6(i4 

688 

1,676 

1,736 

1,104 

241 

1,468 

»i9 

134 

545 

215 

443 

411 

1,287 

721 

321 

272 

927 

677 

220 

790 

4,379 


Kame  of  place  and 
Mate. 


Oiithbert,Ga 

Cutler,  III 

Cutler,  KHn 

Cutler,  Me 

Cut  Off,  Ark 

Cut  Off,  Ga 

Cut  Shin,  Ky 

Cutt's  Old  Field,  Fla.... 

Cuyahoga  Falls,  0 

Cuyler,  N.Y 

Cygnet,  O 

Cylon,  Wis 

Cyntliiuna,  Ky 

Cynlhiana,  Ky 

Cynthiana,  0 

Cypress,  Ark 

<^pro»a.  Ark : 

Cypress,  Mo 

Cyiircss,  N.C 

Cypress,  N.D 

Cypiess,  8.C 

Cypress,  Va 

Cypress  Creek,  Ac,  Fla. 

Cypress  Creek,  N.C 

Cypress  Creek,  N.C 

Cypress  Creek,  N.C 

Cypress  Ridge,  Ark 

Dabney,  N.C 

Dabney,  N.C 

Dacnsville,  S.C 

Dade  City,  Fla 

Dade  City,  Fla 

Dadeville,  Ala 

Dadeville,  Ala 

Dagget  Brook,  Minn.... 

Daggett,  Cal 

Dagnall,  Ala 

Dagsboriiugh,  Del 

Dahlen,  N.D 

Dahlgren,  HI 

Dalilgren,  III 

Dahlgren,  Minn 

Dahloiiega,  Ga 

Dahlonega,  Ga 

Dalilonega,  Iowa 

Daily,  Neb 

Daily,  N.D 

Daingerfleld,  Tex 

Dairy,  Idaho 

Dairy,  Ore 

Dairy  Creek,  Ore 

Daisy,  Tenn 

Dakota,  111 

Dakota,  111 

Dakota,  Neb 

Dakota,  Wis 

Dakoiah,  Iowa 

Dalark,  Ark 

Dalbo,  Minn 

Dale,  111 

Dale,  Ind 

Dale,  Iowa 

Dale,  Iowa 

Dale,  Kan 

Dale,  Minn 

Dale,  Mo ^ 

Dale,  S.D 

Dale,  Va 

Dale,  Wis 

Daleville,  Ala 

Daleville,  Miss 

Daley,  Ore 

Dallas,  Ark 

Dallas,  Ark 

Dallas,  Col 

Dallas,  Col 

Dallas,  Ga 

Dallas,  Ga 

Dallas,  III 

Dallas,  Ind 

Dallas,  Iowa 

Dallas,  Iowa 

Dallas,  Iowa 

Dallas,  Mich 

Dallas,  Mo 

Dallas,  Mo 

Dallas,  Mo 

Dallas,  N.C 

Dallas,  N  C 

Dallas,  O 

Dallas,  Ore 

Dallas,  Ore 

Dallas,  Pa. 

Dallas,  Pa 

Dallas,  Tex 

Dallas,  Wis 


Hank  of 
place. 


post-Till 

post-prect 

tfjwnship 

post-town 

township 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-twp 

jMst-town 

post-vill 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

lownship 

post-vill 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

piisl-vill 

township 

post-prect 

pi'ocinct 

hundred 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

mil.-dist 

lX)8l-Vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-vill 

iwst-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-beat 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

|«lSt-Vill 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-boro' 

city 

post-twp 


County. 


Randolph.... 

Perry , 

Franklin 

Washington 

Miller 

Wiilion 

Leslie 

Holmes 

Summit 

Cortland 

Wood 

.St.  Croix 

Harrison 

Harrison 

Shelby 

Faulkner..... 

Phillips 

Harrison 

Franklin 

Cavalier , 

Darlington.. 
Nansemond. 

Calhoun 

Bladen 

Duplin 

Jones , 

Monroe , 

Vance 

Vance 

Pickens 

Pasco 

Pasco 

Tallapoosa... 
Tulla[ioosa... 
Crow  Wing., 
San  Bernardino 

Cullman 

Sussex 

Nelson 

Hamilton 

Hamilton 

Carver. 

Lumpkin 

Lumpkin.  ... 

Wapello , 

Dixon 

Dariies 

Morris , 

Owyhee 

Klamath 

Wa.shiugton 

Hamilton 

Stephenson.. 
Stephenson., 

Dakota 

Waushara.... 
Humboldt.... 

Dallas 

Isanti 

McLean , 

Spencer 

Lyon _.. 

O'Brien 

Kingman 

Cottonwood., 
Atchison ...., 

Jerauld , 

Chesterfield. 
Oulagnuiie... 

Dale 

Lauderdale  . 

Baker 

Calhoun , 

Polk 

Ouray 

Ouray 

Paulding 

Paulding...., 
Hancock ..... 
Huntington. 

Dallas 

Marion 

Taylor 

Clinton , 

De  Kalb 

Harrison 

Saint  Clair.. 

Gaston 

Gaston 

Crawford.... 

Polk 

Polk 

Luzerne 

Luzerne 

Dallas 

Barron 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


2,129 
866 
901 
829 
677 

1,204 
919 


2,294 
1,382 


716 

6,126 

2,101 

1,806 

605 

898 

797 

1,104 


1,413 
3,084 


673 

1,2;J4 

700 

322 


1,719 


2,242 
740 


18fi 
2,641 


205 

1,220 

1,164 

602 

636 


886 
267 
830 
237 
248 


1,133 
318 
208 


227 
1,495 


1,815 
1,123 
1,196 
3,080 


515 
176 


1,635 

169 

1,137 

1,433 

715 

1,093 

1,023 

1,731 

1,161 

1,011 

6;i5 

2,747 

417 

500 

1,06-/ 

670 

879 

272 

10,a68 

694 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   KETUENS   OF   1880  AND   1890   COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Bank  of 
place. 


Sallasbiirg,  Ky 

Sallasi  Centre,  Iowa..., 

Dallas  City,  111 , 

Sallastown,  Pa 

Dallyniount,  Minn 

Dalton,  Ga 

Dalton,  Ga 

Dalton,  Ind 

Dalton,  Ky 

Dalton,  Aliiss 

Dalton,  Mich 

Dalton,  Mo 

Dalton,  N.H 

Dalton,  0 

Dalton  City,  III 

Damariscotta,  Me 

Daniascns,  Ga 

Damascus,  Md 

Damascus,  0 

Damascus,  Ore 

Damascus,  Pa 

Dame's  Quarter,  Md.... 

Damon,  Mich 

Dana,  III 

Dana,  Ind 

Dana,  Mass 

Dana,  Wyo 

Danbury,  Conn 

Danbnry,  Conn 

Danbury,  Iowa 

Danbury,  Neb 

Danbury,  N.H 

Danbury,  0 

Danby,  Mich 

Danl.y,  N.Y 

Danby,  Vt 

Dan  Creek,  Neb , 

Dandridge,  Tcnn 

Dane,  Wis , 

Dane  Prairie,  Minn 

Daiiforth,  111 , 

Danlbrtb,  Me 

Daniel,  Va 

Danielgon,  Minn 

Danielsville,  Ga 

DanielsVille,  Ga 

Danley,  Ark 

Dannt'biog,  Neb 

Dannebrog,  Neb 

Donnelly  Cr's  R'ds,  Ala 

Dannemora,  N.Y 

Daniievirke,  Ac,  Neb... 

D.in  River,  N.C 

Dan  River,  Va 

Dan  Kiver,  Va 

Darmville,  Mich 

Daiisville,  N.Y 

Dausville,  N.Y 

Danton,  N.D 

Danube,  N.Y 

Danvers,  111 

Danvers,  111 

Danvers,  Mass 

Danville,  Ala 

Danville,  Ark 

Danville,  111 

Danville,  III 

Danville,  Ind 

Danville,  Iowa 

Danville,  Iowa 

Danville,  Ky 

Danville,  Minn 

Danville,  Mo 

Danville,  Mo 

Danville,  N.H 

Danville,  0 

Danville,  Pa 

Danville,  Tenn 

Danville,  Vt , 

Danville,  Va 

Daphne,  Ala 

Darby,  Ala 

Darby,  0 

Darby,  0 , 

Darby,  0 , 

Darby,  Pa , 

Darby,  Pa , 

Daibyville,  0 

Dardanelle,  .\rk 

Dardanelle,  Ark 

Dardenne,  Mo 

Darlen,  Conn 

Darien,  Ga 

Darien,  Ga 

Darien,  N.Y , 

Darien,  Wis 

7 


mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

post-l)oro' 

township 

mil.-dist 

city 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

poBt-vill 

post-town 

niil.-dist 

post-dist 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-dist 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

|iost-prect 

post-twp 

township 

city 

city 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

po6t-lK)ro' 

post-vill 

post-town 

city 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

city 

post-town 

townshii> 


County. 


Population. 


1,084 
450 
829 
482 


4,485 

2,516 

748 

1,660 

2,062 

471 

199 

570 

486 

280 

1,142 

2,763 


1,416 
2,87i 


11,066 


69 
5JI 
760 
1,.599 
1,423 
2,065 
1,202 


Owen 

Dallas 

Hancock  

York 

Traverse 

Whitfield 

Whitfield 

Wayne 

Hopkins 

Berkshire 

Muskegon 

Chariton 

Coos 

Wayne 

Moultrie 

Lincoln 

Early 

Montgomery... 

Henry 

Clackamas 

Wayne 

Somerset 

Ogemaw 

La  Salle 

Vermilion 

Worcester 

Carbon 

Fairfield 

Fairfield 

Woodbury 

Bed  Willow.... 

Merrimack 

Ottawa , 

Ionia , 

Tompkins 

Rutland 

Valley 

Jefferson 

Dane 

Otter  Tail 

Iroquois. 

Washington 

Campbell 

Meeker 

Madison 

Madison 

Faulkner 

Howard 

Howard 

Coffee 

Clinton 

Howard 

Caswell 

Patrick 

Pittsylvania.... 

Ingham 

Livingston 

Steuben 

Richland 

Herkimer 

McLean 

McLean 

Fssex 

Morgan 

Yell 

Vermilion 

Vermilion 

Hendricks 

Des  Moines 

Worth 

Boyle 

Blue  Earth 

Montgomery.... 
Montgomery.... 
Rockingham.... 

Knox 

Montour 

Houston 

Caledonia 

Pittsylvania 

Baldwin 

Pike 

Madison 

Pickaway 

Union 

Delaware 

Delaware 

Pickaway 

Yell 

Yell 

Saint  Charles... 

Fairfield 

Mcintosh 

Mcintosh I 

Genesee 2,046 

Walworth.. 1    1,394 


431 
1,161 

437 

1,.'J82 
61 
445 
241 

1,022 
128 
22; 

1,083 
63 
393 

2,962 


2,127 
3,702 
8,:i82 
440 
3,625 
1,788 


l,2;i5 

1,755 

400 

6,598 


1,731 

11,659 

7,733 

1,.598 

1,459 

629 

3,074 

707 

2,655 

239 

613 

254 

8,346 

77 

2,003 

7,526 


2,000 
1,126 
1,.500 
1,171 
1,245 
1,779 

262 
2,487 

748 
4,056 
1,949 
4,401 
1,543 


1,163 
445 
747 
779 
162 
4,823 
3,046 
682 
1,667 
2,885 
638 
332 
696 
610 
334 
1,012 
1,449 
1,.522 
1,782 
671) 
2,442 
946 
975 
221 
495 
700 
253 
19,473 
16,552 
423 
278 
683 
2,146 
1,284 
1,707 
1,084 
266 
461 
1,161 
625 
1,644 
1,063 
838 
705 
1,610 
149 
396 
862 
280 
447 
3,977 
934 
2,03;i 
4,569 
8,357 
36G 
3,758 
1,559 
205 
1.U6 
1,665 
506 
7,454 
l,t«7 
685 
17,768 
11,491 
1,569 
1,228 
678 
3,766 
738 
2,682 
380 
666 
292 
7,998 
107 
1,784 
10,306 
649 
1,866 
1,5(W 
1,459 
1,176 
2,031 
2,972 
267 
3,066 
1,456 
4,214 
2,276 
4,514 
1,491 
1,964 
1,218 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Dark  Corner,  Ga 

Dark  Comer,  S.C 

Darlington,  Ind 

Darlington,  Kan 

Darlington,  Md 

Darlington,  Mo 

Darlington,  Pa 

Darlington,  Pa 

Darlington,  S.C 

Darlington,  S.D 

Darlington,  S.D 

Darlington,  Wis 

Darlington,  Wis 

Darlington  C.-H.,  S.C... 

Darnell,  Ky 

Darnen,  Minn 

Darnestown,  Md 

Darrow,  La 

Dartford,  Wis 

Dartmouth.  Mass 

Darvill's,  Va 

Darwin,  111 

Darwin,  Minn 

Darysaw,  Ark 

Dassel,  Minn 

Dassel,  Minn 

Dauphin,  Pa 

Davenport,  Iowa 

Davenport,  Iowa 

Davenport,  Neb 

Davenport,  Neb 

Davenport,  N.Y 

Davenport,  N.D 

Davenport,  Wash 

Davenport  City,  Iowa... 

David,  Ga 

David  City,  Neb 

David's  Camp,  Alaska.. 

Davidson,  Ala 

Davidson,  .^rk 

Davidson,  Ark 

Davidson,  Ga 

Davidson,  Ga 

Davidson,  N.C 

Davidson,  Pa 

Davidson  College,  N.C. 

Davilla.Tex 

Davis,  Ark 

Davis,  Ark 

Davis,  Ga 

Davis,  III 

Davis,  Ind 

Davis,  Ind 

Davis,  Minn 

Davis,  Mo 

Davis,  Mo 

Davis,  Mo 

Davis,  Ore 

Davis,  Va 

Davis,  W.  Va 

Davisborough,  Ga 

Davisborough,  Ga 

Davis  City,  Iowa 

Davis  Creek,  Mont 

Davis  Mill,  Fla 

Davison,  Mich 

Davison,  Mich 

Davison,  Neb 

Davis  Shop,  Ala 

Davis  Shop,  Tenn 

Daviston,  Ala 

Daviston,  Ala 

Daviston,  Ga 

Davisville,  Ala 

Davisvllle,  Cal 

Dawson,  Ga 

Dawson,  Iowa 

Dawson,  Ky 

Dawson,  Minn 

Daws<m,  Mo 

Dawson,  Neb 

Dawson,  Pa 

Dawson,  Tex 

Dawsonville,  Ga 

Day,  Mich 

Day,  N.Y 

Day,  S.D 

Day,  Wis 

Day  Bend,  Ala 

Day  Creek,  Ark 

Day's  Gap,  Ala 
Dayton,  Ala.... 

Dayton,  Ala 

Dayton,  Ark... 
Dayton,  Cal 


Bank  of 
place. 


Darien,  Wis post-vill 

udl.-dist 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

district 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

township 

city 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

hamlet 

precinct 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

civil-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

township 

post- to  w  n 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 


County. 


Walworth 

Oconee 

Henderson.. 

Montgomery.... 

Harvey 

Harford-.... 

Gentry 

Beaver 

Beaver 

Darlington. 

Charles  Mix 

Clark 

Lafayette 

Lafayette 

Darlington..., 

Marshall 

Stevens 

Montgomery. 

.Ascension 

Green  Lake... 

Bristol 

Dinwiddle 

Clark 

Meeker 

Grant 

Meeker 

Meeker 

Dauphin 

Scott 

Scott 

Thayer 

Thayer 

Delaware 

Cass 

Lincoln 

Scott 

Ranks 

Butler 


Population. 


1880.     1890, 


427 
969 

1,437 

468 

472 

171 

64 

1,464 
247 

2,816 


2,699 

1,372 

940: 

618 

250 

1,668 


241 

3,403 

3,348 

1,162 

469 

395 

844 

247 

713 

3,704 

21,831 

233 


1,939 


21,831 

907 

1,000 


Marshall 

Randolph 

Sharp 

Harris 

Jones 

Iredell 

Sullivan 

Mecklenburg.... 

Milam 

Grant „. 

Van  Buren 

Lumpkin 

Stephenson... 

Fountain 

Starke 

Kittson 

Caldwell 

Henry 

Lafayette 

Lane 

Shenandoah.., 

Tucker 

Washington... 
Washington... 

Decatur 

Cascade 

Washington... 

Genesee 

Genesee 

Cheyenne 

Covington 

Gibson 

Tallapoosa 

Tallapoosa 

Taylor 

Caihonn 

Yolo 

Terrell 

Greene 

Hopkins 

Lac-qui-Parle. 

Phelps 

Richardson.... 

Fayette 

Navarro 

Dawson 

Montcalm 

Saratoga 

Clark 

Marathon 

.\utauga 

Miller 

Walker 

Marengo 

Marengo 

Sebastian 

Butte 

89 


880 
1,366 


1,004 
594 

2,292 
966 
391 
285 
770 
819 
423 
5;i9 
798 
322 


932 
1,074 
2,944 


2,635 


2,«I6 
131 
348 


1,196 

l,53(i 

163 


189 
1,192 
2,471 


460 
1,178 

441 
1,576 

359 


860 
2,136 
1,238 


3,084 
473 
975 
686 


.354 
681 
1,692 
461 
612 
2)9 
242 
1,1.37 
254 
4,112 
326 
160 
2,682 
1,.589 
2,389 
868 
322 
l,(i84 
399 
204 
3,122 
2,961 
1,103 
604 
694 
1,164 
552 
740 
2,303 
26,872 
908 
513 
1,789 
437 
396 
26,872 
1,102 
2,028 
66 
1,361 
1,322 
556 
932 
1,0:14 
2,3(r2 
1,052 
481 
241 
943 
607 
486 
455 
676 
430 
171 
1,.340 
1,122 
4,985 
211 
2,940 
918 
1,715 
224 
694 
55 
612 
1,617 
456 
240 
290 
1,322 
2,470 
141 
374 
1,326 
54T 
2,284 
760 
52.-. 
418 
621 
15:1 
668 
366 
842 
1,73T 
862 
bh6 
816 
44S 
416 
421 
2,891 
412 
971 
810 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kmua  of  pUoe  and 


Dayton,  Idaho. 

Itaytun,  III 

])ayU>u,  III 

Dayton,  Iowa 

Dayton,  Iowa. 

Dayton,  Iowa. 

Dayton,  Iowa 

Dayton,  Iowa 

Dayton,  Iowa 

Dayton,  Iowa. 

Dayton,  Iowa 

Dayton,  Kan 

Dayton,  Kan 

Dayton,  Ky 

Dayton,  Ky 

Dayton,  Mo « 

Dityt"".  Mich 

Davton,  Mich 

Dayton,  Minn 

Dayton,  Mo 

Dayton,  Mo 

Dayton,  Nev „ 

Diiyton,  N.Y 

Diiyton,  N.D 

Dayton,  0....^ 

Dayton,  Ore 

Diiytou,  Ore 

Dayton,  Pa. 

Dayton,  S.D 

Dayton,  S.D , 

Dayton,  Teun , 

Dayton,  Wash 

Dayton,  Wig 

Dayton,  Wig 

Daytona,  Kla 

Dazry,  N.D 

Dead  Kail.  Ala. 

Dcadwood,  Cal 

Deadwood,  Idaho 

Deadwood,  S.D. 

Dean,  Ala 

Deun,  Iowa 

Dean,  Pa 

Dearborn,  Mich 

Dearborn,  Mo 

I'eaiborn,  Mont 

Drarborn,  S.D 

Dearliorn  Cafion,  Mont. 

Dearioj;,  Ga 

De  Armanville,  Ala 

Drasong,  Ala 

De  liastmp.  Ark. 

Debloig,  Me 

Decatur,  Ala 

Decatur,  Ala 

Decatur,  Ark 

Decatur,  Ga. , 

Decatur,  Ga 

Decatur,  III 

Decatur,  III 

Decatur,  Ind 

Decatur,  Ind 

Decatur,  Iowa 

Decatur,  Mich 

Decatur,  Mich 

Decatur,  Neb 

Decatur,  Neb 

Decatur,  N.Y 

Decatur,  O 

Decatur,  0 „ 

Decatur,  Pa. 

Decatur,  Pa 

Decatur,  Tex 

Decatur,  Wis 

Decatur  City,  Iowa 

Decatur  Street,  Md 

Deception,  Wagh 

Decherd,  Teiin 

Decker,  III , 

Decker,  Ind 

Decorah,  Iowa. :... 

Decorah,  Iowa 

Decoria,  Minn 

Dedhani,  Iowa..„ 

Dedliani,  Me 

Dedliani,  Blagg 

Deep  Creek,  Ga 

Deep  Cieek,  Iowa. 

Deep  Creek,  N.O 

Deep  Creek,  N.C 

Deep  Creek,  Utah 

Deep  Creek,  Va 

Deep  Kiver,  Iowa 

Deep  River,  Iowa. 

Deep  River,  MIch„ 

a>eep  Biver,  N.C „. 

■90 


Bank  of 
plac«. 


pr«clnct 

towngliip 

poat-vill 

towngliip 

towngliip 

towngliip 

towngliip 

towngliip 

towngliip 

pogt-vill 

towughip 

towngliip 

towughip 

mag..digt 

city 

townghip 

township 

towngliip 

post-twp 

poet-twp 

towngliip 

pogt-vill 

post-town 

townghip 

city 

precinct 

pobt-vijl 

post-boro' 

township 

townghip 

city 

city 

townghip 

townghip 

post-town 

poet-twp 

precinct 

pogt-vill 

precinct 

city 

precinct 

|)ogt-town 

post-twp 

post'twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

mil.-digt 

post-prect 

precinct 

townghip 

post-town 

precinct 

city 

post-twp 

niil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

city 

city 

township 

post-twp 

towusliip 

post-vill 

precinct 

pogt-vill 

pogt-town 

townghip 

township 

township 

pogt-twp 

pogt-town 

township 

township 

district 

towusliip 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

pogt-town 

|iost-town 

IMjst-town 

mil.-dist 

townisliip 

townghip 

township 

precinct 

mag.-<list 

township 

pogt-vill 

pogt-twp 

post-twp 


County. 


Oneida 

U  Salle 

La  Salle........... 

Bremer........... 

liutler 

Cedar 

Chickasaw 

Iowa 

Wobgter 

Webster 

Wright. 

Phillifig 

Saline 

Campbell 

Campbell 

York 

Newaygo 

Tuscola 

Hennepin 

Cass 

Newton 

Lyon 

Cattaraugus 

Nelson 

Montgomery.... 

Yam  ilill 

Yam  Hill 

Armstrong 

Lincoln 

Marshall 

Rhea. 

Coluniliia. 

Richland 

WaufMca 

Volusia 

Barnes 

Butler 

Trinity 

Boise 

I^iwrence 

Coffee 

Appanoose 

Cambria 

Wayne 

Platte 

Lewis  &  Clarke 

Beadle 

Lewis  &  Clarke 

McDuffle 

Calhoun 

Tuscaloosa 

Ashley 

Washington 

Morgan 

Morgan 

Benton 

De  Kalb 

De  Kalb ~.. 

Macon 

Macon 

Adams 

Marion 

Decatur 

Van  Buren 

Van  Buruu 

Burt 

Bnrt 

Otsego 

Lawrence 

Wiishiiigton 

Clearfield 

Mifflin 

Wise „ 

Green 

Decatur 

Alleghany 

Skagit 

Franklin 

Ricliland 

Knox 

Winneshiek 

Winnenhiek 

Blue  Karth 

Carroll 

Hancock  

Norfolk 

Habersham 

Clinton 

Bklgecombe 

Yadkin 

Tooele 

Norfolk 

Poweshiek 

Poweshiek 

An-nac „..., 

Guilford. .. 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


711 

2^1 

7(59 

63H 

1,400 

7ti6 

1,025 

1,-.^U8 

•£Vi 

149 

270 

46U 

3,440 

3,J10 

692 

1,588 

1,039 

1,197 

843 

1,166 

391 

1,705 


38,678 
819 
368 
579 


200 
990 
1,109 
801 
321 


1,339 


3,777 


15 
216 

2,094 


1,688 


401 

2,247 
105 


1,063 


3,018 

tXV.i 

10,922 

9,547 

l,90.'i 

1,647 

1,038 

2,248 

1,207 

l,(i;J5 

533 

779 

2,04.J 

1,504 

2,443 

1,406 

679 

l,92(t 

235 


1,008 
1,2.3:'. 

933 
4,.'i60 
2,95] 

673 


400 
6,233 

802 
1,04 
1,862 
l.i'iO 

174 
2,482 
1,100 


48S 
1,060 


1,230 

7U1 

2;J2 

842 

667 

1,292 

834 

837 

1,604 

669 

620 

426 

486 

4,437 

4,264 

600 

1,9.')8 

1,279 

1,075 

MJI 

1,403 

676 

l,7;» 

126 

?  61,220 

986 

304 

372 

6;J6 

162 

2,719 

1,880 

1,119 

8.'-)2 

771 

157 

1,321 

286 

24 

2,.3tlO 

724 

30 

501 

2,346 

239 

122 

291 

119 

1,972 

1,168 

414 

2,160 

76 

6,903 

2,765 

592 

2,800 

1,013 

18,684 

16,841 

3,142 

1,556 

890 

1,789 

1,109 

1,336 

593 

697 

1,.527 

1,493 

4,779 

1,458 

1,716 

2,146 

215 

1,800 

297 

726 

1,094 

1,(100 

4,119 

2,801 

1,(111 

273 

366 

7,12:i 

1,040 

1,(112 

1,.520 

1,491 

117 

2,689 

1,247 

291 

711 

1.008 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Deep  Biver,  N.C 

Deejiwater,  Mo 

Deepwater,  Mo 

Deepwator,  Mo „.... 

Deep  Well,  Neb 

Deer  Creek,  Idaho 

Deer  Creek,  III 

Deer  Creek,  III 

Deer  Creek,  Ind 

Deer  Creek,  Ind 

Deer  Creek,  Ind 

Deer  Creek,  Iowa 

Deer  Creek,  Iowa 

Deer  Creek,  Iowa. 

Deer  Creek,  Kan 

Deer  Creek,  Kan 

Deer  Creek,  Minn 

Deer  Creek,  Mo 

Deer  Creek,  Mo 

Deer  Creek,  Nob 

Deer  Creek,  heb 

Deer  Creek,  Neb 

Deer  Creek,  0 

Deer  Creek,  0. 

Deer  Creek,  Ore 

Deer  Creek,  Pa 

Deer  Creek,  Wis. 

Deer  Creek,  Wis 

Deerfield,  111 

Deerfiold,  Iowa 

Dcerfluld,  Mass 

Deertielil,  Mich 

Deertield,  Mich 

Deerfield,  Mich 

Deerfleld,  Mich 

Deerfield,  Mich 

Deerfield,  Mich 

Deerfield,  Minn 

Deerfield,  Mo 

Deertield,  Mo 

Deerfleld,  Neb 

Deerfield,  N.H 

Deerfield,  N.J 

Deerfield,  N.Y 

Deerfield,  N.Y 

Deerfield,© 

Deerfield,  0 

Deerfield,  O 

Deerfield,  0 

Deerfield,  Pa. 

Deerfield,  Pa 

Deerfield,  Wis 

Deerfield,  Wis 

Deerfield,  Wis 

Deer  Head,  Ala 

Deerliead,  Kan 

Deerhorn,  Minn 

Deering,  Me „ 

Deorjiig,  N.H 

Deer  Island,  Ore 

Deer  Isle,  Me 

Deer  Lake,  Mich 

Deer  Lodge  City,  Mont. 

Deer  Park,  111 

Deer  Park,  Md 

Deer  Park,  Md 

Deer  Park,  N.Y 

Deer  Trail,  Col 

Deer  Trail,  Utah 

Deer  Valley,  Col 

Deer  Woo<l,  Minn 

Deer  Woods,  Minn 

Defiance,  Iowa 

Defiance,  0 

Defiance,  O 

De  Funiak  S|>rings,  Fla 
De  Kiiniak  Sprii.gs,  Fla. 

Degogiila,  111 

De  Graff,  O 

De  Oroat,  N.D 

De  Kalb,  Ark 

De  Kalb,  111 

De  K«ll.,  Ill 

De  Kalb,  Miss 

De  Kalli,  Miss 

De  Kalb.  N.Y 

De  Kalb,  S.C 

De  Kalb,  Tex 

De  Kalb,  Va 

De  Kalb,  W.  Va 

Dekorra,  Wis 

Delafield,  Minn 

Delafield,  Wis 

De  lAud,  Fla 

Delano,  Cal 

Delano,  Iowa 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

city 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

pogt-vill 

pogt-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

])ost-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

townghip 

fiost-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

townghip 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

liost-towii 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

district 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

townghip 

city 

precinct 

l>ogt-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

city 

beat 

post-vill 

|X)St-town 

|Kl8t-tWp 

IKJst-town 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

IKist-twp 

township 

post-twp 

pogt-town 

post-town 

tow^nehip 


County. 


HooEs 

Hates 

Henry 

Henry 

Hamilton. 

Alluraa 

Tazewell 

Tazewell 

Carroll 

Cass 

Miami 

Millg 

Webster 

Worth 

Allen 

Phillips 

Otter  Tall 

Bates 

Henry 

Lincoln _.... 

Madison 

Wayne 

Madison 

Pickaway 

Douglas 

Blercer 

Outagamie 

Taylor 

Fulton 

Chickasaw 

Franklin 

Isabella 

Lapeer 

Lenawee 

Lenawee 

Livingston 

Mecosta 

Steele 

Vernon 

Vernon 

Hayes 

Rockiiighiim.... 

Cumberland 

Oneida 

Oneida 

Morgan 

Portage 

Ross 

Warren 

Tioga 

Warren 

Dane 

Dane 

Waushara 

De  Kalb 

Barber 

Wilkin 

Cumberland 

Hillsborough  ... 

Columbia 

Hancock 

Lake 

Deer  L(Klge 

La  Salle 

Garrett 

Garrett 

Orange 

.\ra|)ahoe 

Pi  Ute 

Park 

Crow  Wing 

Kittson 

Shelby 

Defiance 

Defiance 

Walton 

Walton 

Jackson 

Logan 

Ramsey 

Grant 

De  Kalb 

De  Kalb 

Kemper 

Kemper 

Saint  I.iiiwrence 

Kershaw 

Bowie 

Siott 

Gilmer 

(Jolumbitt 

Jackson 

Wausheka 

Volusia 

Kern 

Humboldt 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,096 
1,662 


449 
*867 


3,095 

1,607 

1,222 

840 

499 

361 

983 

642 

302 

976 

1,121 


910 
1,636 
1,&VJ 
6«1 
66f. 
?3(i0 
1,(M14 

3,.'>43 
521 
999 

1,580 


1,15 
1,093 
868 
1,061 


l,.56!l 

1,643 

2,(182 

716 

1,035 

98;' 

1,475 

2,011 

908 

657 

972 


307 


4,324 
674 
12» 

3,266 


195 
11,420 


6,846 
5,907 


688 
96ii 


74.'-. 
2,4(i5 
l,69f 
3,146 


3,027 
7,808 


2,449 
1,583 
1,278 
3i'> 
1,451 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF    1880   AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Delano,  Kan 

Deliino,  Minn 

Delano,  Neb 

Delano,  Pa 

Delapre,  S.D 

Delavan,  III 

Delavan,  III 

Delavan,  Minn 

Delavan,  Minn 

Delavan,  Wis 

Delavan,  Wis 

Delaware,  Ark 

Delaware,  Ark 

Delaware,  Ind 

Delaware,  Ind 

Delaware,  Ind 

Delaware,  Iowa 

Delaware,  Iowa , 

Delaware,  Iowa 

Delaware,  Kan 

Delaware,  Kan. . 

Delaware,  Kan 

Delaware,  Mich - 

Delaware,  Minn 

Delaware,  Mo 

Delaware,  Neb 

Delaware,  N.J , 

Delaware,  N..I 

Delaware,  N.Y 

Delaware,  0 

Delaware,  0 

Delaware,  O 

Delaware,  0 

Delaware,  Pa 

Delaware,  Pa 

Delaware,  Pa 

Delaware,  Pa 

Delaware,  S.D 

Delaware  City,  Del.. 
Delaware  AVater  Gap,  Pa 

De  Leon,  Tex 

De  Leon  Springs,  Fla... 

Delhi,  Iowa 

Delhi,  Kan 

Delhi,  La 

Delhi,  Mich 

Delhi,  Minn 

Delhi,  N.Y 

Delhi,  N.Y 

Delhi,  0 

Delhi,  0 

Delight,  Neb 

Dellona,  Wis 

Dell  Prairie,  Wis 

DcU  Rapitls,  S.U 

Dell  Kapids,  S.D 

Dell  Roy,  0 

Delmar,  Cal 

Delmar,  Del 

Delmar,  Iowa 

Delmar,  Pa 

Delmore,  Kan 

Del  Norte,  Col 

Deloit,  Neb 

Delphi,  Ind 

Delphos,  Kan 

Delphos,  0 

Delran,  N.J 

Del  Rio,  Tex 

Delta,  Ala 

Delta,  Col 

Delta,  Col 

Delta,  Idaho 

Delta,  luwa 

Delta,  La 

Delta,  Mich 

Delta,  O 

Delta,  Pa , 

Delta,  Waah 

Delton,  Minn „. 

Delton,  AVis , 

Deluz.Cal.... , 

Delzura,  Cal 

Dement,  III 

Deming,  N.M 

Deniing,  N.M 

Democrat,  Ind 

Demopolis,  Ala 

Deniopolis.  Ala 

Demorest,  Ga 

Deniossville,  Ky 

Dempster,  S.D 

Demum,  Ark 

Denbigh,  Va 

Denison,  111 

Deuison,  Iowa 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-bo  ro' 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

l)OSt-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

tx)st-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

ix)st-vill 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

citjr 

post-vill 

city 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

precinct 

lK)st-vill 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 


County. 


Sedgwick 

Wright 

Cherry 

Schuylkill 

Lincoln 

Tazewell 

Tazewell 

Faribault 

Faribault 

Walworth 

Walworth 

Logan 

Yell 

Delaware 

Hamilton 

Ripley 

Delaware 

Polk 

Sac 

Jefferson 

Leavenworth... 

Wyandotte 

Sanilac... 

Grant 

Shannon 

Otoe 

Camden 

Hunterdon 

Sullivan 

Defiance 

Delaware 

Delaware 

Hancock 

Juniata 

Mercer 

Northumberl'd 

Pike 

Lincoln 

New  Castle 

Monroe 

Comanche 

Volusia 

Delaware 

Osborne , 

Richland 

Ingham 

Redwood 

Delaware , 

Delaware 

Hamilton 

Hamilton 

Custer 

Sauk 

.\dams 

Minnehaha 

Minnehaha 

Carroll 

San  Diego 

Sussex 

Clinton 

Tioga 

McPherson 

Rio  Grande 

Holt 

Carroll 

Ottawa 

Allen 

Burlington 

Val  Verde 

Clay 

Delta 

Delta 

Shoshone 

Keokuk 

Madison 

Eaton 

Fulton 

York 

Whatcom 

Cottonwood 

Sauk 

San  Diego 

San  Diego 

Ogle 

Grant 

Grant 

Carroll 

Marengo 

Marengo. 

Habersham 

Pendleton. 

Hamlin 

Randolph 

Warwick 

Lawrence 

Crawford 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


630 
407 


434 


2,044 

1,340 

612 

2.il 

2,.560 

1,798 

006 

309 

1,361 

1,819 

1,523 

3,033 

687 

310 

2,722 

2,620 

1,167 

2,131 

112 

230 

45:J 

1,481 

3,092 

1,830 

1,505 

8,091 

6,804 

1,455 

1,171 

1,616 

2,o:j7 

804 


1,085 
201 


1,274 
5:« 
315 

1,538 
156 
2,941 
1,384 
4,738 
238 


580 
600 


260 
664 


130 
410 
2,524 
690 
729 


2,010 
256 
3,814 
1,760 
50 
1,042 


416 
399 


859 
269 


1,008 


1,368 
3,519 
1,389 


141 


l,.30f 

613 

1,844 

2,023 


729 

889 

78 

1,362 

346 

2,140 

1,176 

687 

252 

2,715 

2,038 

740 

262 

1,.579 

1,7.53 

1,214 

3,051 

495 

583 

2,859 

4,847 

1,765 

2,178 

224 

3-25 

836 

1,457 

3,037 

1,734 

1,717 

9,372 

8,224 

1,580 

1,144 

1,480 

1,804 

799 

491 

969 

407 

364 

235 

1,039 

667 

620 

1,504 

391 

2,908 

1,564 

6,497 

531 

752 

594 

448 

1,488 

993 

511 

306 

360 

518 

3,081 

504 

730 

391 

1,923 

561 

4,516 

2,207 

1,980 

1,153 

1,225 

470 

106 

4<I9 

320 

1,482 

1,132 

565 

236 

298 

829 

105 


1,183 

1,130 

1,362 

4,023 

1,898 

208 

116 

116 

1,518 

688 

2,253 

2,503 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Denison,  Iowa.... 

Denison,  Pa 

Denison,  Tex 

Denmark,  Ark.... 
Denmark,  Iowa.. 
Denmark,  Iowa.. 

Denmark,  Me 

Denmark,  Mich.. 
Denmark,  Minn. 
Denmark,  N.Y... 

Denmark,  0 

Denning,  III 

Denning,  N.Y 

Dennis,  Md 

Dennis,  Muss 

Dennis,  N.J 

Dennison.O 

Dennysville,  Me. 

Dent,  Aik 

Dent,  Ark 

Dent,  Cal 

Dent,  Kan 

Dent,  Mo 

Denton,  Ky 

Denton,  Md 

Denton,  Md 

Denton,  Mich 

Denton,  Neb , 

Denton,  Tex 

Denver,  Col 

Denver,  111 

Denver,  Mich 

Denver,  Mich..... 

Denver,  Minn 

Denver,  Mo 

Denver,  Neb 

Denver,  N.C 

Denver,  N.D 

Denver,  S.D 

Denverton,  Cal... 
De  Pere,  Wis 

De  I'ere,  W'is 

De  Peyster,  N.Y 

Deport,  Tex 

Deposit,  N.Y 

DeiHJsit,  N.Y 

Depot,  Ore 

Deptford.  N.J 

De  Pue,  III 

Derby,  Conn 

Derby,  Kan 

Derby,  Pa, 

Derby,  Vt, 

Derbyshire,  Ga 

Derinda,  111 

Dermid,  Ala 

Dermot,  Kan 

De  Roane,  Ark 

De  Roche,  Ark 

Derry,  III 

Derry,  N.H 

Derry,  Pa 

Derry,  Pa 

Derry,  Pa 

Deny,  Pa , 

Derry nane,  Minn,. 

De  Ruvter,  N.Y... 

De  Ruyter,  N.Y.  . 

Des  Arc,  Ark 

Des  Arc,  Ark 

Des  Arc,  Ark 

Des  Arc,  Mo 

Descanso,  ic,  Cal. 

Deschutes,  Ore 

Deseret,  Utah 

Deshler,  0 

De  Sniet,  S.D 

DeSmet,  S.D 

Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

Dcs  Moines,  Iowa. 

|)<s  Moines,  Iowa. 

Des  Moines,  Minn 

Des  Moines,  Mo.... 

Des  Moines.  Wash 

Des  Moines  River,  Minn 

De  Soto,  Ark.,. 

De  Soto,  III 

De  Soto,lll 

De  Soto,  Iowa. 

De  Soto,  Mo.., 


Rank  of 
place. 


County. 


post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

district 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

district 

post-vill 

township 

post  prect 

city 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

niil.-dist 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

borough 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-tow  n 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

city 


Crawford 

Luzerne 

Graj'son 

White 

Emmett 

Lee 

Oxford 

Tuscola 

Washington,.,, 

Lewis 

Ashtabula 

Franklin 

Ulster 

Wicomico 

Barnstable 

Cape  May 

Tuscarawas 

Washington.... 

Lawrence 

Woodruff. 

San  Joaquin.... 

Chej'enne 

Iron 

Carter 

Caroline.,,, 

Caroline 

Roscommon..,, 

Lancaster 

Denton 

Arapahoe 

Richland 

Isaliella 

Newaygo 

Rock 

Worth 

Adams 

Lincoln 

Sargent 

Kingsbury 

Solano 

Brown 

Brown 

St.  Lawrence... 

Lamar 

Broome 

Delaware 

Baker 

Gloucester 

Bureau 

New  Haven 

Sedgwick 

Montour  

Orleans 

Wilkes 

Jo  Daviess 

Cullman 

Stevens 

Hempstead 

Hot  Spring 

Pike 

Rockingham... 

Dauphin 

Montour. 

Westmoreland 
Westmoreland.. 
Le  Sueur..,, 

Madison 

Madison 

Prairie 

Prairie 

White 

Iron 

San  Diego .. 

Wasco 

Millard 

Henry 

Kingsbury.. 
Kingsbury.. 

Boone 

Dallas 

Jasper 

Jeflierson.. .. 

Lee 

Pocahontas. 

Polk 

Polk 

Van  Buren.. 

Jackson 

Clark 

King. 

Murray 

Marion 

Jack"on 

Jackson 

Dallas 

Jefferson 


Population. 


1880.      1880, 


1,441 
976 

3,976 
299 


937 

904 
1,642 

711 
2,204 

09' 
1,164 
1,036 

788 
3,288 
1,812 
1,618 

522 

420 


1,247 


476 


2,727 
469 
210 
381 

1,194 

35,629 

950 

260 

1,112 
104 
218 

3,8:jo 

148 


369 

817 

2,824 

1,194 


1,41'J 
1,71-i 


1,520 

323 

11,650 


814 

2,.548 

1,499 

944 

295 


3,878 
775 

1,534 

2,140 

2,013 
814 

6,909 
755 
899 

1,.584 

680 

99 

548 

1,027 
94 


617 

752 


116 
6,1 

949 
2,169 
1,145 
1,130 

327 
14,005 
22,408 
1,023 

29.' 
1,062 


153 


1,388 


347 


1,782 

973 

10,958 

561 

261 
817 
755 

1,820 
726 

2,275 
749 

1,161 
897 
960 

2,899 

1,707 

2,926 
452 
701 
164 

1,011 
320 
628 
432 

2,801 
641 
75 
453 

2,558 

106,713 

843 

681 

1,055 
290 
295 
756 
185 
147 
935 
321 
969 

3,02.5 
947 
274 

1,530 

1,664 
624 

3,064 
455 

5,969 
25« 
772 

2,91 K) 

1,241 
743 
668 
101 

4,903 
745 

1,17a 

2,604 

2,288 
772 

7,163 

1,968 
970 

1,500 
667 
154 
546 
875 
413 

1,173 
463 
661 

1,114 
904 
641 

7,919 

1,171 

2,090 
892 

1,061 
474 
29,334 
50,093 
883 
441 
947 
212 
316 
281 

1,468 
376 
328 

3,960 


81 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Kam*  of  piMe  and 
■Ute. 


D*8olo,Ntb 

DvSolo.  Wli 

Dm  PlalDM,  III 

Delonr,  Mich 

D•trt>i^III 

Botrult.  Ill™ 

Detroit,  Mp 

DMrult,  Mich 

Drtruit,  Mtiin- 

Detn>it,  8.0. , 

Dftrolt,  Tex , 

DevaU'a  BlulT,  Ark 

De  View,  Ark , 

Devil  Fork,  Ky 

De  Villo,  N.D 

Devir*  Luke,  N.D 

Dewald,  llliiii 

Deweae,  N.C. 

DawMe,  N.C.™ 

Dewey.  Ind 

Dewey  Flal,  Mont 

Dewoy  Lake.  Neb 

Deuevville,  Utah 

De  Witt,  Ark 

De  Witt,  III 

De  Witt,  HI 

De  Witt,  Iowa 

De  Witt,  Iowa 

De  Witt,  Mich 

De  Witt,  Mo 

De  Wilt,  Mo 

De  Witt,  Neb 

De  Witt,  Neb 

De  Witt,  NY 

Dexter,  Iowa 

Dexter,  Kan 

Dexter,  Kan 

Dexter,  Me 

Dexter,  Mich 

Dexter,  Mich 

Dexter,  Minn 

Dexter,  Minn 

Dexter,  Mo 

Dexter,  Neb 

Dexter,  N.Y 

Dexter,  N  D 

Dexter,  S.D 

Dexter,  Tex 

Dexter  City,  0 

Dexterville,  Wig 

D'llaiiis,  Tex 

DUl,  S.O 

Diamond,  Ark. 

Diamond,  Cal 

Dixmond,  Ga 

Diamond,  Ga 

Diamond,  Iowa 

Diamond  Bluff,  Wig 

Diamond  Creek,  Kan.... 

Diamond  Hill,  S.C 

Diamond  Lake,  Iowa... 
Diamond  Lake,  Minn... 

Diamond  Peak,  Col 

Diamond  Spring,  Cid.... 
Dianiiind  Valley,  Kan.. 

Diana,  N.Y 

Diana,  S.D 

DIckeng,  Neb 

Dickenion,  Mo 

Dickingon,  N.Y 

DIckingon,  N.D 

Dickingon,  Ta 

Dick  JohnaoD,  Ind 

Dickgon,  Ala 

Dickson,  Ark 

Dickson,  Tenn 

Dickson  City,  Pa 

DIghton,  K«n 

Di)chton,  Kan 

Dighton,  Mass 

Dlllard,  Ark 

Dillard,  Ga 

Diller,  Neb 

Dillon,  Col 

Dillon.  Col 

Dillon,  III 

Dillon,  Mo 

Dillon,  Mont , 

Dillon,  Mont 

Dillgtwro,  N.C 

Dillsborough,  Ind 

Dillsburg,  P» 

Diramick,  lU 

Dim(Kk,  Pa 

DImondale,  Micb- 

Dingle,  Idaho.-. , 

92 


Banker 
place. 


peet-twp 

post-vill 

post-Till 

post'lwp 

township 

post-Till 

post-town 

city 

post-Till 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

|iost-twp 

precinct 

post-twp 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

po«t-Till 

township 

post-Till 

townghip 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

pogt-Till 

precinct 

post-Till 

poet- town 

j)ost-town 

townghip 

post-vill 

post-town 

townghip 

pogt-Till 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

precinct 

pogt-viU 

towD.Hhip 

post-twp 

poet-Till 

post-Till 

post-vill 

|K>gt-Vill 

townghip 

townghip 

precinct 

mil.-digt 

mil.-<list 

township 

post-twp 

townghip 

townghip 

townghip 

townghip 

precinct 

post-twp 

townghip 

pogt-town 

townghip 

post-prect 

townghip 

pogt-town 

pogt-town 

p<ist-twp 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

(KWt-town 

post-bo  ro' 

townghip 

post-vill 

post-town 

townghip 

mil.-digt 

pogt-vill 

precinct 

i>ost-vill 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

poet>vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

post-twp 

poet-Till 

post-prect 


County. 


Washington 

Vernon , 

Cook 

Cliippowa 

Pike 

Pike 

Somerset 

Wayne 

Becker 

Bn>wn 

Red  Uiver.... 

Prairie 

Woodruff .... 

Elliott 

Richland 

Ramsey 

Nobles 

Cabarrus 

Mecklenburg..,. 

La  Porte 

Beaver  Head. .. 

Chem* 

Box  Elder 

ArkansHS 

De  Witt 

De  Witt 

Clinton 

ainton 

Clinton 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Saline 

Saline 

Onondaga 

Dallas 

Cowley 

Cowley 

Penobscot 

Washtenaw 

Washtenaw 

Mower 

Mower 

Stoddard 

Fnrnas 

Jefferson 

Richland 

Codington 

Cooke 

Noble 

Wood 

Medina 

Laurens 

Sebastian 

San  Diego 

De  Kalb 

Gilmer 

Olierokee 

Pierce 

Chase 

Abl>eTille 

Dickinson 

Lincoln 

Larimer. 

Kldorado 

Morrig 

Lewis 

Sanborn 

Lincoln 

Lewis 

Franklin 

Stark 

Cumberland.... 

ClaT 

Colbert 

Benton 

Dickson 

Lackawanna... 

Lane 

T.ane 

Bristol 

Howard 

Monroe 

Jefferson 

Summit 

Summit 

Tazewell 

Phelps 

Beaver  Head... 
BeaTer  Head... 

Jackson 

Dearborn 

York 

La  Salle 

Suoquchanna.. 

Eaton 

Bear  Lake 


Population. 


1880.      1800. 


S24 

301 
81N 
471 
1,006 
168 
COl 
116,340 
654 


186 
1,086 

im 


no 

1,310 
238 


8:)» 
169 
1,141 
293 
2,931 
1,608 
1,604 


6.30 
886 
306 

3,075 
704 
989 
146 

2,563 
873 

1,008 
316 
168 
489 
349 
487 


265 

62 

210 

3,416 


1,065 


490 
6;i4 
994 
2,077 
81 
186 


903 

358 

2,026 


1,646 
2,329 


1,741 

1,075 

1,782 

821 


838 


1,791 

i.iioi 


1,082 
1,747 


4.32 

4.^ 

1,012 

1,071 

304 


277 
366 

986 

064 

83:) 

161 

690 

206,876 

1,610 

447 

604 

380 

1,022 

878 

266 

846 

820 

1,401 

1,197 

307 

174 

76 

183 

246 

1,(W1 

265 

2,437 

1,359 

1,391 

1,366 

6.33 

1,485 

751 

4,560 

607 

1,314 

371 

2,732 

702 

879 

348 

l.'iO 

792 

713 

737 

27G 

314 

226 

217 

354 

266 

3,917 

1,271 

85 

709 

516 

472 

472 

1,1.54 

2,168 

152 

221 

133 

832 

623 

2,395 

455 

.321 

1,449 

1,664 

897 

1,731 

1,495 

998 

1,0S6 

9^6 

3,110 

518 

.304 

1,889 

438 

1,239 

126 

229 

133 

957 

1,747 

1,119 

1,012 

684 

439 

687 

851 

919 

320 

SCO 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Dingman,  Pa 

Dlnsmore,  U 

Dlrtseller,  Ga 

Dirttown,  Ga 

Diginal,  Ala 

Digmal,  N.C 

District,  Ph 

Divide,  Col 

Divide,  Neb 

Divide,  Neb 

DIx,  III 

Dix,  Neb 

Dix.N.Y 

Dixfield,  Me 

Dixie,  Ala 

Dixie,  Ga 

Dixie,  Ky 

Dixie,  Ore 

Dixmont,  Me 

Dixon,  Ala 

Dixon,  Ala 

Dixon,  Cal 

Dixon,Ill 

Dixon,  111 

Dixon,  III 

Dixon,  Kan 

Dixon,  Ky 

Dixon,  Ky 

Dixon,  Md 

Dixon,  Mo 

Dixon,  0 

Dixon,  SD 

Dixon'g  Mills,  Ala 

Dixville,  Kv 

Dixville,  n!h 

Dobbs,  Ala 

Dobbs  Ferry,  N.Y 

Dobson,  N.O 

Dockum,  Tex 

Dodd,  111 

Dodd,  N.D 

Dodd,  Tex 

Dodge,  Iowa 

Dodge,  Iowa 

Dodge,  Io«a 

Dodge,  Iowa 

Dodge,  Kan 

Dodge,  Mich 

Dodge,  Neb 

Dodge,  Wis 

Dodge  Centre,  Minn.... 

Dodge  City,  Kan 

Dodgeville,  Wig 

Dodgeville,  Wig 

Dodson,  Ala 

Dodson,  0 

Doe  Run.  Mo 

Dog  Bluff,  S.C 

Dog  Fennel,  Ga 

Dog  Fennel,  Kv. 

Di>g  Fish  Bay,  Wash.... 

Dogwood,  Ark 

Dogwood  Neck,  S.C 

Dolan.  Mo 

Doland,  S.D 

Dollar  Bay,  Mich 

DoUireg,  Col 

Dolores,  N.M 

Dolph,  Ore 

Dolson.  Ill 

Dolton's  Station,  III 

Donalds,  S.C 

Donalds,  S.C 

Donaldson,  Pa 

Donaldsonville,  La 

Donegal,  Ga... 

Donegal,  Ga 

Donegal,  Ga 

Donegal,  Pa 

Donegal,  Pa 

Donegal,  Pa ; 

Donegal,  Pa 

Dongola,  III 

Dongola,  III 

Doniphan,  Idaho 

Doniphan,  Kan 

Doniphan,  Mo 

Doniphan,  Mo 

Doniphan,  Neb 

Doniphan,  Neb 

Donna  Ana.  N.M 

Donnelly,  Minn 

Donnelsville,  0 

Dons,  N.D 

Dooley,  Ala 

Dooley,  Oa 


Bank  of 

place. 


township 

towniihip 

mil. -d  1st 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

townghip 

township 

township 

post-prect 

townghip 

post-town 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

mng.-dist 

precinct 

post  town 

precinct 

precinct 

post  town 

precinct 

township 

city 

township 

niag.-<ligt 

post-vill 

district 

post-town 

townghip 

township 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

village 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

city 

township 

city 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

townghip 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

township 

township 

townghip 

pogt-vill 

pogt-vill 

pogt-prect 

precinct 

pogt-prect 

pogt-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

pogt-vill 

post-town 

niil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-iiist 

township 

township 

townghip 

pogt-lx>ro' 

precinct 

postvill 

post-prect 

post-vill 

townghip 

post-vill 

townghip 

post-vill 

precinct 

pogt-twp 

post-vill 

townghip 

precinct 

mil.-dist 


County. 


Pike 

Shelby- 

Chattooga 

Chattooga 

Winston 

Sam|)8on 

Berks 

Garfleld 

Buffalo 

I'helps 

Ford 

Kimball 

Schuyler 

Oxford 

Chilton 

Brooks 

Henderson 

Polk 

Penobscot 

Cherokee 

Pike 

Solano 

Edwards 

Lee 

Lee 

Sumner 

Webster 

Webster 

Queen  Anne's.. 

Pulaski 

Preble 

Hamlin 

Marengo 

Mercer 

Coos 

Greene 

Westchester.... 

Surry 

Dickens 

Jefferson 

Nelson 

Fannin 

Boone 

Dubuque 

Guthiie 

Union 

Ford , 

Clare „... 

Dodge ., 

Trempealeau... 

Dodge 

Ford 

Iowa 

Iowa , 

Tuocaloosa , 

Highland 

Snint  Franfois. 

Horrv 

Tattiiall 

Fayette 

Kitgap 

White 

Horry 

Cags 

Spink 

Houghton 

Montezuma 

Santa  Fe 

Tillamook 

Clark 

Cook 

Abbeville 

Abbeville 

Schuylkill 

Ascension 

.Jasper 

Putnam 

Wilkes 

Butler 

Washington 

We-tmoreland. 
Westmoreland., 

Union 

Union 

Logan 

Doniphan 

Ripley 

Ripley 

Hall 

Hall 

Donna  Ana 

Stevens 

Clark 

Cass 

Montgomery.... 
Franklin 


Population. 


1880.      1800. 


600 
2,267 

484 
1,620 


1,272 
798 


1,666 


4,168 
913 
995 


384 
1,132 


2,768 


627 
4,241 
3,658 

351 
3,236 

616 
3,76.5 


1,162 


947 

1,050 

32 


1,747 

'i"oo8 


1,374 

1,144 

400 

49' 

1,854 


669 

726 

996 

1,993 

1,547 

961 

1,871 


830 

902 

2,105 


678 

696 

1,831 


1,324 

448 

1,677 


979 

2,600 

644 

951 

80(1 

2,1.'>6 

1,375 

1,242 

183 

2,5.'>3 

699 


618 
791 
157 


2.688 
1,016 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OP   1880  AND   1890   COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Dooley,  Ga 

Doolittle,  Ga 

Dooii,  Iowa 

Doore,  Minn 

Dor,  Kan 

Dora,  111 

Dora,  Minn 

Dora,  Ore 

Doraville,  Ga 

Dorcheat,  Ark 

Dorchester,  III 

Dorchester,  111 

Dorchester,  Neb 

Dorchester,  Neli 

Dorchester,  N.H , 

Dorchester,  S.C 

Dorchester,  Wis 

Dorcj'ville,  La 

Doresis,  Ala 

Dornian,  Ala 

Dorp,  Neb 

Dorr,  111 

Dorr,  Mich 

Dorrance,  Pa 

Dorranceton,  Pa 

Dorses  Creek,  Ala. 

Dorset,  0 

Dorset,  Vt 

Dorsey,  Neb 

Dorsey,  N.M 

Dothen,  Ala 

Dothen,  Ala 

Dotsero,  Col 

Double  Branch,  Ga 

Double  Shoal,  N.C 

Double  Springs,  Ala 

Double  Springs  School 

House,  Fla , 

Dougherty,  Iowa 

Douglas,  Ark 

Douglas,  Ciil 

Douglas,  Ga 

Douglas,  111 

Douglas,  III , 

Douglas,  111 

Douglas,  Iowa 

Douglas,  Iowa , 

Duuglns,  Iowa 

Douglas,  Iowa , 

Douglas,  Iowa , 

Douglas,  Iowa 

Douglas,  Iowa 

Douglas,  Iowa , 

Douglas,  Iowa 

Douglas,  Iowa 

Douglas,  Iowa 

Douglas,  Iowa , 

Douglas,  Iowa 

Douglas,  lowH 

Douglas,  Iowa 

Douglas,  Iowa 

Douglas,  Iowa 

Douglas,  Kan 

Douglas,  Kan , 

Douglas,  Mass 

Douglas,  Mich 

Douglas,  Mich 

Douglas,  Minn 

Douglas,  Neb 

Douglas,  Neb 

Douglas,  Neb 

DougUvs,  Neb 

Douglas,  Ore 

Douglas,  S.C 

Douglas,  S.D 

Douglas,  Wig 

Douglas,  Wyo 

Douglas  City,  Alaska... 

Douglas  City,  Cal 

Douglas  Grove,  Neb 

Douglass,  Kan 

Douglass,  Kan 

Douglass,  Pa 

Douglass,  Pa 

Douglasville,  Ga 

Douglasville,  Ga 

Dover,  Ark 

Dover,  Ark 

Dover,  Del 

Dover,  Ga 

Dover,  111 , 

Dover,  111 

Dover,  Iowa 

Dover,  Iowa 

Dover,  Kan 

Dover,  Ky , 


Bank  of 
place. 


miI.-(Hst 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

post-viU 

precinct 

post-viU 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

(MSt-Vill 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-lwp 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-viU 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 


County. 


Union 

Murray 

Lyon 

Kandiyohi... 

Smith... 

Moultrie 

Otter  TaiL... 

Coos 

De  Kalb 

Columbia 

Macoupin.... 

Macoupin 

Saline 

Saline 

Grafton 

Colleton - 

Clark 

Iberville 

Walker 

Crenshaw.... 

Logan 

McHenry 

Allegan 

Luzerne 

Luzerne 

ISIount 

Ashtabula.... 
Bennington. 
Box  Butte... 

Colfax 

Henry 

Henry 

Kagle 

Milton 

Cleveland 

Winston...... 


Holmes 

Cerro  Gordo.., 

Lafayette 

San  Joaquin., 

Coffee 

Clark 

Effingham 

Iroquois 

Adams 

Api>aMoose 

Audubon 

Boone 

Bremer.......... 

Clay 

Harrison 

Ida 

Madison 

Mitchell 

Montgomery., 

Page 

Polk 

Sac 

Shelby 

Union 

Webster 

Jackson , 

Stafford 

Worcester 

Allegan 

Montcalm 

Dakota 

Douglas 

Nemaha 

Saunders 

Sheridan 

Polk 

Clarendon 

Hyde 

Marquette..... 
Converse 


Trinity 

Custer 

Buller 

Butler 

Berks 

Montgomery., 

Douglas 

Douglas 

Pope 

Pope 

Kent 

Terrell 

Bureau 

Bureau 

Fayette 

Pocahontas.... 

Shawnee 

Mason 


Population. 


561 
86« 
1.57 

6sa 


1,3H9 
135 
144 


1, 

69 

953 

309 

685 

2,668 
244 


777 


2,6G2 

1,723 

639 


613 
2,005 


1,145 

1,899 


454 


1,845 
7G0 
614 

4,007 

2,254 

1,132 
715 
314 
781 
871 
606 
526 
17fi 
937 
716 
849 
906 

1,0.38 
443 
677 

5,920 
615 

1,051 


2,241 
522 
847 
861 
918 
880 
950 


373 
691 


624 


1,134 

3G9 

1,1.'>1 

1,670 

1,216 

286 

1,243 

308 

2,811 

1.263 

1,341 

239 

1,3:W 

269 

833 

1,086 


622 
848 
716 
686 
403 

1,310 
4:« 
149 
486 
668 

1,049 
104 

1,339 
640 
379 

2,538 

606 
641 

1,197 
300 

2,796 

1,670 
742 
686 
307 
068 

1,096 
706 
151 

2,815 
247 
48 

1,213 

2,717 
787 

105 

623 

862 

1,506 

1,287 

631 

4,211 

2,051 

1,230 

463 

786 

1,068 

875 

691 

726 

6.19 

891 

695 

943 

754 

733 

462 

925 

864 

050 

1,283 

167 

1,908 

404 

968 

666 

477 

2,170 

1,208 

252 

308 

754 

63 

628 

491 

402 

290 

766 

1,321 

737 

1,143 

1,667 

1,827 

863 

1,387 

528 

3,061 

1,7.35 

1,188 

220 

1,214 

562 

1,094 

1,174 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Dover,  Ky 

Dover,  Me 

Dover,  Mass 

Dover,  Mich 

Dover,  Mich 

Dover,  Mich 

Dover,  Minn 

Dover,  Mo 

Dover,  Mo 

Dover,  N.H 

Dover,  N.J 

Dover,  N.Y 

Dover,  0 

Dover,  0 

Dover,  0 

Dover,  0 

Dover,  0 

Dover,  Pa 

Dover,  Pa 

Dover,  Tenn 

Dover,  Utah 

Dover,  Vt 

Dover,  Va 

Dover,  Wis 

Dover,  Wis 

Dover  Plains,  N.Y 

Dovray,  Minn 

Dovre,  Minn 

Dowagiac,  Mich 

Dow  City,  Iowa  

Dowelltown,  Tenn 

Downe.  N.J 

Downer's  Grove,  111.... 

Downer's  Grove,  III 

Downey,  Cal 

Downing,  Mo , 

Downingsville,  Ky 

Downingtown,  Pa 

Downs,  III , 

Downs,  Kan 

Downs,  Kan 

Downsville,  Md 

Doyal,  Mo 

Doyle,  Iowa 

Doyle,  Kan 

Doylesport,  Mo 

Doylestown,  0 

Doylestown,  Pa , 

Doylestown,  Pa , 

Dracut,  Mass 

Dragoon,  Kan 

Drake,  Mo , 

Drakesville,  Iowa 

Drakesville,  Iowa., 

Draketown,  Ga 

Drammen,  Minn 

Dramnien,  Wis , 

Dranesville,  Ya , 

Draper,  Utah 

Dravosburg,  Pa 

Drawbridge,  Md 

Drayton,  N.D 

Drayton,  N.D 

Draytonville,S.C 

Dreher,  Pa 

Uresbach,  Minn 

Dresden,  Iowa 

Dresden,  Kan 

Dresden,  Kan 

Dresden,  Me 

Dresden,  Mo 

Dresden,  N.Y 

Dresden,  N.Y 

Dresden,  0 

Dresden,  Tenn 

Dresden,  Tenn 

Drewryville,  Va 

Drewsey,  Ore 

Drew's  Valley,  Ore 

Driftwood,  Ind 

Driftwood,  Kan 

Driftwood,  Neb 

Driftwood,  Neb 

Driftwood,  Pa 

Driggs.  Ark 

Driskill,  Ky 

Drum  Creek,  Kan 

Drummer,  111 

Dnimmond,  Ala 

Drunimond,  Wig 

Drummond  Isl'd,  Mich. 

Drumore,  Pa 

Drury,  III 

Dry  Cedar,  Neb 

Dry  Creek,  Ala 

Dry  Creek,  Cal 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

townsiiip 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

civil-dlst 

IKJSt-prect 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

lK>st-twp 

post-vill 

township 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

district 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

post-vill 

district 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

JKJSt-tWp 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

civil-dist 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

precinct 

post  iwp 

township 

post-twp 

|)08t-twp 

precinct 
precinct 
township 


County. 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


Mason 

Piscataquis 

Norfolk 

Lake 

Lenawee 

Otsego 

Olmsted 

Lafayette 

Vernon 

Strafford 

Ocean 

Dutchess 

Athens , 

Cuvahoga 

Fulton , 

Tuscarawas 

Union 

Vork.„.., 

York 

Stewart 

San  Pete 

Windham 

Goochland 

Buffalo 

Racine 

Dutchess 

Murray 

Kandiyohi 

Cass 

Cra«ford„ 

De  Kalb 

Cumberland 

Du  Page 

Du  Page 

Los  Angeles 

Schuyler..„ 

Grant 

Chester 

McLean 

Osborne 

Sumner 

Washington 

Saint  Clair 

Clarke 

Marion 

Burton 

Wayne 

Bucks 

Bucks 

Middlesex 

Osage 

Macon 

Davis 

Davis 

llaialson 

Lincoln 

Eau  Claire 

Fairfax 

Salt  Lake 

Alleghany 

Dorchester 

Pembina 

Pembina 

Union 

Wayne 

Winona 

Chickasaw 

Decatur 

Kingman 

Lincoln 

Pettis 

Washington 

Yates 

Muskingum 

Weakley 

Weakley 

Southampton... 

Harney 

Lake 

Jackson 

Rawlins 

Hitchcock, 

Bed  Willow 

Cameron 

Logan 

Livingston 

Montgomery.... 

Ford 

Walker 

Bayfield 

<;hippewa 

Lancaster 

Rock  Island 

Garfield 

Blount 

Sacramento 

93 


446 

1,687 

053 

214 

1,466 

120 

1,0<J5 

2,652 

701 

11,087 

2,439 

2,281 

1,736 

1,784 

1,058 

4,107 

1,006 

2,378 

415 

1,712 


621 
3,238 
722 
927 
7 

163 

653 

2,100 

291 

210 

],08 

3,294 

586 


1.52 

l,:i02 

1,480 

1,350 

405 

232 

1,013 

8:18 

1,004 

1,48'J 

832 

1,040 

1,845 

2,(170 

1,695 

800 

425 

585 

3110 

1,178 

142 

40l 

2,567 

455 

850 

1,187 


02 
2,187 
990 
320 
711 


1,032 

1,101 

730 

366 

1,204 

3,244 

314 

2,505 


1,388 

873 

2,383 


3,180 
1,234 


616 

1,942 

727 

303 

1,361 

158 

936 

3,051 

1,127 

12,790 

2,880 

1,863 

1.880 

1,978 

1,049 

6,448 

1,000 

2,349 

465 

1,5:« 

154 

624 

2,907 

7,57 

924 

662 

318 

685 

2,806 

4.51 

233 

1,793 

4,843 

960 

3,538 

406 

1,254 

1,920 

1,3.30 

938 

762 

1,026 

938 

939 

1.549 

933 

1,131 

1,733 

2,519 

1,996 

734 

666 

617 

303 

1,462 

258 

556 

2,994 

996 

1,089 

1,095 

007 

318 

2,005 

712 

525 

824 

332 

872 

1,043 

960 

636 

348 

1,247 

3,021 

420 

2,498 

183 

183 

1,006 

585 

131 

273 

628 

892 

1,016 

856 

2,997 

401 

096 

496 

1,484 

1,130 

191 

858 

963 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND  1890  COMPAREIX. 


ISuae  of  place  and 
■Ut*. 


Dry  Cr*ek,  Maho........ 

Dry  Cr»t-k,  Ho 

Pry  Crevk,  Blu 

Dry  V.rttk,  Nrb„ „. 

Dry  Cr««lc,  NrU. 

Drjrden,  Mich 

DfjrdeD,  Mirh 

Dryden,  Minn 

Drjden,  N.Y 

Drydeii,  N.Y , 

Dry  Kork,  Aik 

Dry  Ki.rk,  Ky_ 

Dr\  Fork,  Ore 

Drv  Fork,  \V.  V« 

Dry  Fork,  W.  V» 

Dry  Grove,  III 

Dry  Lake,  Ga. 

Dry  Ijike,  N.D 

Dry  Poinr,  III 

Dry  rrairie,  Fla. 

Dry  Itiilge,  Ky 

Dry  Klin,  Ark „... 

Dry  Klin,  S.D 

Dry  Town,  Ark 

Dry  Vnlley,  G« 

Drywoud,  Kan 

DrywoiHl,  Mo 

Duaiio,  N.Y 

Dunnt'Kburg,  N.Y 

Dublin,  Ala, 

Dublin,  Ala 

Dublin,  Gh 

Dublin,  Ga, 

Dublin,  Ga. _ 

Dublin,  Ind 

Dublin,  Md 

Dublin,  Md 

Dublin,  Minn ».... 

Dublin,  Neb „. 

Dublin,  N.H 

Dublin,  O 

Dublin,  O 

Dublin,  I'a 

Dublin,  I'a 

Dublin,  Tex 

Dublin,  Va.„ 

Dublin,  Va 

Dubois,  III 

Dubois,  111 

Du  Bois,  Neb 

Du  Hois,  I'a 

Dulxjistown,  I'a 

Dubuque,  Iowa 

Dubuque,  Iowa 

Ducliouqiiot,  O 

Duck  Creek,  Del 

Duck  Creek,  Ind 

Duck  Creek,  Kan 

Duck  Creek,  Bio 

Duck  Hill,  Miss 

Duck  Hill,  Slisa 

Duck  Springs,  Ala. 

Ducktown,  Teiin 

Dudley,  III 

Dudley,  Ind 

Dudley,  Kan 

Dudley,  Mass 

Dudley,  O 

Dudley,  I'a 

Dudley,  S.D 

Dudley  Lake,  Ark 

Dudley  ville,  Ala 

Due  West,  S.C 

Due  West,  S.C 

Dnfur,  Ore 

Dngger's  Ferry,  Tenn.. 

Dug  Road,  Ga 

Duke  Centre,  Pa , 

Dukedom,  Ky 

Dukedom.  Tenn 

Dniuth,  Ga , 

Dululli,  Ga. 

Duliitli,  Minn 

Duluth,  Minn 

Diilzura,  ChI „...., 

Dumfries,  Va , 

Dummer,  N.H , 

Dummerston,  Vt „. 

l)uniont.  Col 

Dunbar,  Minn 

Dunbar,  N.D 

Dunbar,  Pa. 

Dunbar,  Pa. „ 

Dniibarlon,  N.H 

Duncan,  Ark- 

Duncan,  111 ^ 

«,  94 


Rank  of 
place. 


prarinct 

towusliip 

tuwnililp 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

poat-vlll 

township 

township 

|>OSt-Till 
IMMl  twp 

uiag-dist 

precinct 

mag.  disi 

mag.-tlisc 

township 

mil.-<li8t 

township 

township 

precinct 

mag.Hlist 

po8t-twp 

township 

township 

niil.-dist 

township 

township 

pOBt-tOW  II 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

poet-town 

district 

district 

township 

poet-prect 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

city 

mag.-dist 

(»08t-t0\Vll 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post  boro' 

post-boro' 

township 

city 

township 

hundred 

township 

township 

township 

beat 

post-vill 

i)08t-prect 

post-vill 

poet-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

po8t-l)oro' 

township 

township 

poBt-prect 

township 

post-vill 

poet^^rect 

civil-dist 

inil.-dist 

poet-Till 

mafr.-dist 

civil-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

city 

l>o8t-prcct 

mag.-dist 

po«i-town 

poet- town 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

poet-boro' 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 


Ounnty. 


Adiu 

Howell 

Maries 

Dawe« 

Pierce 

Ijtpeer 

I^peer.... 

Sibley 

Tonipkliis. 

Tompkins 

Carroll 

Lawrence 

Morrow 

Randolph 

Tucker 

McLean 

Urooks 

Ramsey 

Shelby 

Manatee 

Grant. 

Dallas 

Hughes 

Icard 

Walker 

Bourbon 

Vernon 

Franklin 

Schenectady 

Dallas 

Montgomery.... 

Butts 

I^aurens 

Lnurens 

Wayne 

Harford 

Somerset 

Swift 

Boone 

Cheshire 

Franklin 

Mercer 

Fulton 

Huntingdon 

Krath 

Pulaski 

Pulaski 

Washington 

Washington.... 

Pawnee 

Clearfield 

Lycoming 

Dubuque  

Dubuque 

Auglaize 

Kent 

Madison...., 

Wilson 

Stoddard 

Montgomery.... 
Montgomery.... 

Ktowah 

Polk 

Edgar 

Henry 

Haskell 

Worcester 

Hardin 

Huntingdon 

Aurora 

.leflerson 

TallaiKHwa 

Abbeville 

Abbeville 

Wiisco 

Carter 

Pickens 

McKean 

Graves.., 

Weakley 

Gwinnett 

Gwinnett 

St.  Louis 

St.  Louis 

San  Diego 

Prince  \\  illiam 

Cooe 

Wiudhnm.... 
Clear  Creek. 
Faribault.... 

Sargent 

Fayette 

Fayette 

Merrimack. 

Monroe 

Mercer 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


(101 
92f> 


379 

1,636 

010 

6-iA 

4,81)6 

779 

274 

1,244 


1,2G8 

1,147 
1,574 


2,;«)5 


660 
K5I 

1,497 
593 
286 

2,995 
874 

1,967 
829 

1,919 
574 

1,070 

5,058 

1,.574 
484 
190 
456 
314 

2,027 
931 
925 
2f)4 

3,959 
285 


274 


2,718 

662 

1,399 

22,254 

4,971 

4,241 

1,110 

577 

1,04(1 

2,786 

151 

1,040 


175 
1,544 


2,8a3 

1,418 

203 


908 
1,584 
2,457 

449 


1,049 

725 

2,068 

1,076 

1,015 

892 

242 

160 

838 


1,033 
464 
816 


6,327 

"708 

1,730 

932 


130 

1,482 
910 
493 

1,214 

1,378 
322 
666 

4,043 
66;i 
349 

1,475 
13 

1,805 
930 

1,092 
978 
181 

2,409 
226 

1,245 
488 
Kil 
6U 
299 

1,540 

1,665 
421 

2,567 
601 

1,570 
873 

3,015 
862 
806 

6,63;J 

],.526 
154 
888 
582 
296 

2,625 
941 
967 

2,025 

7,253 
410 

1,271 
304 
316 

6,149 
697 

1,484 
30,311 

5,925 

4,372 

1,325 
559 

2,383 

2,661 
332 
969 
221 
147 

1,395 
68 

2,944 

1,415 
281 
211 

2,155 

1,551 

3,120 
644 
425 
717 

1,026 
924 

1,196 

1,123 

1,072 

319 

345 

33,115 

88 

1,091 
455 
860 
139 
612 
lai 
10,503 

1,381 
524 

2,494 
733 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Duncan,  Mich 

Dnncan,  Mo 

Duncan,  Pa 

Duncan  Creek,  N.C 

Dnncan  Creek,  N.C. 

Duncannon,  Pa 

Duncan  Retreat,  Utah.. 

Duncansvlllu,  Pa 

Duncanville,  Gh 

DundafT,  Pa 

Dundas,  Minn 

Dundee,  III 

Dundee,  Blich 

Dundee,  Mich 

Dundee,  N.Y 

Dundee,  N.D 

Dundee,  Ore 

Dunellen,  N..I 

Dnngan,  Slc,  Tenn 

Dunliam,  111 

Dunham,  O 

Dunkard,  Pa 

Dunkirk,  Ind 

Dunkirk,  N.Y 

Dunkirk,  O 

Dunkirk,  Wis 

Dunklin,  S.C 

Dunlap,  Ala 

Dnnlap,  Iowa 

Dunlap,  Kan 

Dunlap,  Tenn 

Dunleith,  III 

Dunmor,  Ky 

Dunniore,  Pa 

Dunn,  Minn 

Dunn,  Neb 

Dunn,  N.C 

Dunn,  N.C 

Dunn,  Wis 

Dunn,  Wis 

Dunn  Chapel,  Ga 

Dunnellon,  Fla 

Dunnellon,  Fla 

Dunning,  Neb 

Dunning,  Pa 

Dunnington,  Ark 

Dunn  Rock,  N.C 

Dunnville,  Ky 

Duureith,  Ind 

Dunstable,  Mass 

Dunstable,  I'a 

Dunuuuk,  Alaska 

Du  Page,  III 

Du  Plain,  Mich 

Duplin  Road,  N.C 

Du  Pont,  Ga 

Dupont,  0 

Dupont,  Wis 

Duprees,  Ga 

Duquoin,  111 

Duquuin,  111 

Durand,  111 

Dnrand,  III 

Durand,  Mich 

Durand,  Wis 

Durand,  Wis 

Dnrango,  Col 

Durant„Iowa 

Dnrant,  Miss 

Durbin,  Ky 

Durbin,  Ky 

Durbin,  N.D 

Durdin,  Ga 

Durliam,  Ark 

Durham,  Conn 

Durham,  III 

Durham,  Kan 

Dnrhnm,  Kan 

Durham,  Me 

Durham,  N.H 

Durham,  N.Y 

Durham,  N.C 

Durham,  N.C 

Durham,  Pa 

Durhamviile,  N.Y 

Durrow,  Ala 

Dushore.  Ph 

Dustin,  Neb 

Dutch  Bottom,  Tenn.... 

Dutch  Creek,  Ark 

Dutch  Creek.  Iowa 

Dutch  Flat,  Cttl 

Dutch  Fork,  S.C 

Dutch  Mills,  Ark 

Dutchville,  N.C 

Dutton  Store,  Ala 


Rank  of 

place. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

precinct 

post-vill 

nill.-dist 

|K»8t-lK)lo' 

post-vill 

|iost-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

precinct 

l)08tl)oro' 

civildist 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

jKwt-town 

city 

ixisf-vill 

township 

l)OKt-tWp 

precinct 

iwsttown 

post-vill 

(lOSt-vlll 

township 

|io8t-town 

po8t-lK»ro' 

township 

precinct 

township 

IH)st-vill 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post  town 

|)o8t-prect 

borough 

township 

township 

I)ost-town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

hamlet 

post-twp 

post-twp 

village 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

<ity 

IK)st-town 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

inag.-dist 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post  town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-prect 

l>o8t-twp 

l>o8t-twp 

civil-dist 

township 

township 

I)Ost-town 

township 

post-twp 

|K)St-tWp 

precinct 


County. 


Houfrhton.. 

Sullivan 

Tiogs 

Cleveland 

Rutherford 

Perry 

Washington.... 

Blair 

TlioniHS 

Susquehanna.., 

Rice 

Kane 

Btonroo 

Monroe 

Yates 

Walsh 

Yam  Hill 

Middlesex 

Ciirter 

McHenry 

Washington.... 

Greene 

Jay 

(Chautauqua.... 

Hardin 

Dane 

Greenville 

Saint  Clair 

Harrison 

Morris 

Sequatchie 

Jo  Daviess 

Muhlenberg.... 
Liickn  wanna.... 

Otter  Tail 

Blaine 

F'ranklin 

Harnett 

Dane 

Dunn 

Columbia 

Citrus 

Marion 

Blaine 

Lackawanna... 

Jefferson 

Transylvania.. 

Casey 

Henry 

Middlesex 

Clinton 


Will 

Clinton 

Duplin 

Clinch 

Putnam 

Waupaca 

Pulaski 

Perry 

Perry 

Winnebago 

Winnebago 

Shiawassee 

Pepin 

Pepin 

La  Plata 

Cedar 

Holmes 

Boyd 

Edmonson 

Cass 

Morgan 

Washington.... 

Middlesex 

Hancock 

Marion 

Ottawa 

Androscoggin., 

Strafford 

Greene 

Durham 

Durham 

Bucks 

Oneida 

Pickens 

Sullivan 

Holt 

Cocke 

Yell 

Washington.... 

Placer 

Lexington 

Washington.... 

Granville 

Jackson 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,688 
1,791 
1,450 

750 

1,027 

79 


2,:m 

171 

689 

2,799 

3,242 

932 

1,025 


817 
983 
961; 
900 

1,494 
6(i2 

7,248 

i,;jii 
i,2a3 

2,007 


1,246 
247 
l*! 

1,270 


6,151 
137 


1,309 


1,140 
1,115 
1,114 


2.59 
678 
70 
149 
453 
576 


1,101 

1,862 

144 

655 

165 

654 

1,181 

5,540 

2,807 

1,284 

5:«) 

210 

237 

642 


475 

724 

847 

1,090 


649 


990 
1,073 


1,25:, 

962 

2,173 

5,. 507 
2,041 
1,420 


383 
377 


1,491 

673 
1,032 

93<t 
2,074 


2,300 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Duty,  Ark 

I)uval,  Mo 

Duvall,  W.Va 

Duxbiiry,  Mass 

Duxbury,  Vt 

Dwight,  111 

Uwight,  III 

Dwiglit,  Mich 

Dwight,  N.D 

Dybcrry,  I'a 

Dycneburg,  Ky 

Dyer,  Ark 

Dyer  Creek,  Tenu 

Dyer  IJill,  Ky 

Dyersburg,  Tenn 

Dyer  Station,  Tenn 

Dyer  Station,  Tenn 

liyersville,  Iowa 

Dyke,  Tenn 

Dysart,  Iowa 

Dysortville,  N.C 

Eadonia,  Wash 

Eads,  Col 

Eagan,  Minn 

Kagle,  Ark , 

Eagle,  Ark 

Eagle,  Ark 

Eagle,  Ark 

Eagle,  Ark 

Eagle,  Idaho 

Eagle,  III 

Eagle,  111 

Eagle,  Ind 

Eagle,  Iowa 

Eagle,  Iowa 

Eagle,  Kan 

Eagle,  Kan 

Eagle,  Kan 

Eagle,  Kan 

Eagle,  Mich 

Eagle,  Mich 

Eagle,  Mo 

Eagle,  Neb 

Eagle,  N.Y 

Eagle,  N.D 

Eagle,  0 

Eagle,  0 

Eagle,  0 

Eagle,  S.D 

Eagle,  S.D 

Eagle,  \V.  Va 

Eagle,  Wis 

Eagle,  Wis 

Eagle  Bend,  Minn 

Eagle  Creek,  Ala 

Eagle  Creek,  III 

Eagle  Creek,  Ind 

Eagle  Creek,  Minn 

Eagle  Creek,  Ore 

Eagle  Grove,  Iowa 

Eagle  Grove,  Iowa 

Eagle  Harbor,  Alaska. 
Eagle  Harbor,  Mich.... 

Eagle  Lake,  Blinu 

Eagle  Lake,  Tex 

Eagle  Mills,  N.C 

Eagle  Point,  111 

Eagle  Point,  Wis 

Eagle  Hiver,  Wis 

Eagle  River,  Wis 

Eagle  Rock,  Col 

Eagle  Rock,  Idaho 

Easile  Rock,  Va 

Eagleswood,  N..r 

Eagle  Valley,  Minn..., 

Eagle  Valley,  Ore 

Eagleville,  Mo 

Eagleville,  Tenn 

Earhee,  Ala 

Earl,  III 

Earl,  Pa 

Earl,  Pa 

Earlham,  Iowa 

Earlington,  Ky , 

Earlville,  111 

Earlville,  Iowa , 

Earlville,  N.Y 

Earlville,  N.Y 

Early,  Iowa 

Earnestville,  Fla 

Easley,  Mo 

Jiislev,  S.C 

Easley.  8.0 

Easonville,  Ala 

East,  Ala 

East,  Mo 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

pogt-twp 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

civil-dist 

mag.-dist 

city 

civil-dist 

village 

post-town 

civil-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

post  prect 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

mng.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

city 

hamlet 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

city 

post-twp 

village 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 


f!ounty. 


Lawrence 

Jasper 

Lincoln 

Plymouth 

Washington.. 
Livingston  ... 
Livingston ... 

Huron 

Richland 

Wayne 

Crittenden.... 

Saline 

Stewart 

Livingston  ... 

Dyer 

Gibson 

Gibson  

Dubuque 

Hamblen 

Tama 

McDowell 

Lewis 

Kiowa 

Dakota 

Bradley 

Lonoke 

Polk 

Sebastian 

Pulaski 

Shoshone 

La  Salle 

Monroe 

Boone 

Black  Hawk.. 

Sioux 

Barber 

Harper 

Kingman 

Sedgwick 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Macon 

Cheyenne 

Wyoming 

Richland 

Brown 

Hancock 

Vinton 

Brul6 

Hyde 

Harrison 

Richland 

Wausheka.... 

Todd 

Tallapoosa.... 

Gallatin 

Lake 

Scott 

Clackamas.... 

Wright , 

Wright , 


Keweenaw 

Otter  Tail 

Colorado 

Iredell 

Ogle 

Chippewa 

Oneida 

Oneida 

Boulder 

Bingham 

Botetourt 

Ocean 

Todd 

Union 

Harrison 

Rutherford 

Sumter 

La  Salle 

Berks 

Lancaster 

Madison 

Ho|>kins 

La  Salle 

Delaware 

Chenango 

Madison 

Sac 

Pasco 

Macon 

Pickens 

Pickens 

Saint  Clair 

Monroe 

Madrid 


Population. 


1880.      1800, 


727 

94C 
1,244 
2,196 

884 
2,170 
1,295 

933 


1,020 

1,384 

4.34 

929 

1,615 

1,01(1 

1,692 

401 

975 


516 
1,215 


645 
275 
728 


1,300 


1,205 
2,242 
2,204 

748 


640 

1,340 

120 

829 


1,203 


1,249 
1,284 
1,044 


1,813 
l,:i03 
1,155 


1,700 
967 
721 
759 
520 
303 


527 
4o7 
406 

1,161 
687 

2,564 


692 
156 
223 
453 
134 
491 
2,034 
1,141 
3,541 
260 
907 
9r,3 
45(1 
293 
293 


743 

3,030 

327 

'i','68(5 
201 


1,274 

970 

1,523 

1,908 

912 

2,174 

1,354 

1,424 

714 

654 

1,493 

319 

1,058 

],7.}9 

2,009 

2,082 

606 

1,272 

721 

775 

1,105 

260 

164 

743 

214 

353 

452 

507 

2,016 

56 

2,368 

2,108 

1,982 

693 

384 

381 

274 

359 

642 

1,246 

141 

8;i0 

208 

1,131 

659 

1,220 

1,137 

988 

362 

116 

2,1-23 

1,1.53 

1,020 

306 

1,340 

l,lt<7 

647 

716 

421 

2,355 

1,881 

77 

576 

692 

769 

1,080 

599 

1,282 

1,243 

1,154 

213 

1,.588 

22:1 

791 

696 

3-19 

.305 

275 

946 

2,020 

927 

3,078 

302 

1,748 

1,058 

5ti9 

636 

536 

277 

266 

873 

3,4.09 

421 

1,314 

634 

400 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


East,  0 

Easta  Boga,  Ala 

East  Albany,  Ore 

East  Allen,  Pa 

East  Allentown,  Pa 

Eiist  Amwell,  N.J 

East  Armuchee,  Ga 

Eastatoe,  N.C 

Eastatoe,  8.C 

East  Aurora,  N.Y 

East  Bakersfield,  Cal.... 

East  Bangor,  Pa 

East  Bay,  Mich 

East  Beardstown,  111.... 
East  Bear  Eiver,  Cal.... 

East  Bend,  III 

East  Bend,  N.C 

East  Berlin,  Md 

East  Berlin,  Pa 

East  Eernstadt,  Ky 

East  Bethlehem,  Pa 

East  Birmingham,  Ala. 
East  Bloomfield,  N.Y.... 

Ejst  Boone,  Mo 

East  Boyer,  Iowa ; 

East  Bradford,  Pa 

East  Brady,  Pa 

East  Branch,  Kan 

East  Brandywine,  Pa... 
East  Bridgewater,  Mass 

East  Brook,  Me 

East  Brunswick,  N.J... 

East  Brunswick,  Pa 

East  Buffalo,  Pa 

East  Butte,  Ore 

East  Cairo,  Ky 

East  Calhoun,  Ky 

East  Cain,  Pa 

East  Cape  Girardeau,  III 

East  Carondelet,  III 

East  Centre,  Mo 

East  Chain,  Minn 

East  Chehalem,  Ore 

East  Chester,  N.Y 

East  Chicago,  Ind 

East  China,  Mich 

East  Chotean,  S.D 

East  Cleveland,  0 

East  Cocalico,  Pa 

East  Conemaugh,  Pa.... 
East  Connersville,  Ind. 

East  Coventry,  Pa 

East  Dallas,  Mo 

East  Dalles,  &c..  Ore.... 

East  Deer,  Pa 

East  Deertleld,  111 

East  Des  Moines,  Iowa 

East  Dover,  Del 

East  Donegal,  Pa 

East  Druniore,  Pa 

East  Dubuque,  111 

East  Dundee,  III 

East  Earl,  Pa 

East  El  Dorado,  111 

Eastern,  III 

Eastern,  Minn 

Eastern,  Neb 

Eastern,  &c..  Neb 

East  Fairfield,  Pa 

East  Fallowtield,  Pa 

East  Fallowfield,  Pa 

East  Ferndale,  Wash.... 

East  Finley,  Pa 

East  Fishkill.  N.Y 

Eastford,  Conn 

East  Fork,  Ark 

East  Fork,  Idaho 

East  Fork,  111 

East  Fork,  III 

East  Fork,  Ky 

East  Fork,  Ky 

East  Fork,Ky 

East  Fork,  N.C 

East  Franklin,  Pa 

East  Frostburg,  Md 

East  Galena,  111 

East  Gallatin,  Mont 

Ea'it  Germantown,  Ind. 

East  Glasgow,  Ga.. 

East  Goshen,  P« 

East  Granby,  Conn 

East  Grand  Forks,  Minn 
East  Greenbnsh,  N.Y... 

East  Greene,  Mo 

East  Greenville,  Pa 

East  Greenwich,  N.J.. 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

village 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

pofit-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

district 

post-boro' 

fX)8t-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

borough 

township 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

hundred 

township 

township 

city 

village 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

d  strict 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-town 

city 

post-town 

township 

post  -boro' 

township 


County. 


Carroll 

Talladega... 

Linn 

Northampton... 

Lehigh 

Hunterdon 

Walker 

Transylvania.. 

Pickens 

Erie 

Kern 

Northampton.. 
Grand  Traverse 


Yuba 

Champaign 

Yadkin 

Worcester , 

Adams 

Laurel 

Washington 

Jefferson 

Ontario 

Bates , 

Crawford 

Chester 

Clarion 

Marion 

Chester 

Plymouth 

Hancock 

Middlesex 

Schuylkill 

Union 

Washington 

Ballard 

McLean 

Chester 

Alexander 

Saint  Clair. 

Greene 

Martin 

Yam  Hill 

Westchester 

Lake 

Saint  Clair 

Douglas 

Cuyahoga 

Lancaster 

Cambria 

Fayette 

Chester 

Webster 

Wasco 

Alleghany 

Lake 

Mahaska 

Kent 

Lancaster 

Lancaster 

.lo  Daviess 

Kane 

Lancaster. 

Saline 

Franklin 

Otter  Tail 

Knox 

Pierce 

Crawford 

Chester 

Crawford 

Whatcom 

Washington 

Dutchess   

Windham 

Faulkner 

Alturas 

Clinton 

Montgomery.... 

Boyd 

Ijiwrence 

Metcalfe 

Haywood 

Armstrong 

Alleghany 

Jo  Daviess 

Gallatin 

Wayne 

Thomas 

Chester. 

Hartford 

Polk 

Rensselaer 

Lawrence 

Montgomery.... 
Gloucester 


Population. 


1880.   1890, 


1,327 


1,195 

516 

1,696 

1,178 

66;? 

1,167 

1,109 

242 

835 

654 


975 

949 

1,630 

2,831 

610 


1,966 


62'.» 
1,(X54 
1,242 


1,011 
2,710 
289 
3,272 
1,644 
1,010 


81 

1,270 

639 

734 

386 


142 

481 
8,737 


337 


8,673 

2,226 

756 

193 

1,259 


1,253 


6,028 
3,126 


1,037 

849 

3,028 

1,898 

1,547 

244 

416 


748 
1,461 
1,306 


1,:«2 

2,574 

855 

708 


835 

1,798 

1,088 

626 

822 

399 

1,695 

3,278 

2,012 


2,127 


m6 

1,359 
1,276 
1,104 

699 
1,375 
1,291 

626 
1,117 
1^682 

622 

804 
1,018 

405 
l,fl29 
1,122 
1,8.H 
2,898 

695 
1,813 
1,757 

308 
2^039 

771 

686 
1,043 
1,228 

672 

995 
2,911 

246 
4,43B 
1,462 
1,107 
1,112 

348 
l,3ia 

256 

602 

404 
1,183 

394 
1,268 
15,442 
1,259 

294 

93 

5,773 

2,674 

1,158 

468 
1,219 

869 
4,207 
1,683 
2,890 
1,831 
6,125 
3,384 
1,502 
1,067 
1,150 
3,445 
2,347 

1,83a 

385 
313 
66.) 
572 

i,5oet 

1,199 

350 

1,291 

2,175 

661 

894 

135 

789 

2,190 

965 

807 

883 

641 

1,575 

1,572 

1,910 

641 

3:i8 

1,200 

684 

661 

795 

2,171 

1,178 

639 

1,259 


95 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1880  AND  1890  COMPARED^ 


Kune  of  pl>c«  uid 
•Ut«. 


iMt  OrMDwleb,  B.I.... 

BMtGniTe,  III ^ 

iMt  Oueda  Spr'n.  Kkn. 

tmn  Guthrie,  Okl» 

Bhtt  lUddam,  Cuun 

■Mt  Hageratown,  Hd... 

iMtham.  Mut 

Sut  llaiubiirg,  N.Y 

■Mthamplon,  MaM._... 

■Mth«ini>U>n,  N.J  

■Mt  lluiipton,  N.Y 

Matt  HaiioTer,  Pa 

■■•t  Hanover,  Pa 

Sut  HartfonJ,  Cono.... 

■■at  Haven,  Conn 

XMt  Haven,  Conn. 

Xaat  Helena,  Mont 

Xaat  Hempflelil,  Pa 

Xaat  lllrkiimn,  Ky 

Kast  Hulli(Ju}'iitiiir)i;,  Pa. 

Kaat  Hopewell,  Pa. 

last  nuiitingdon.  Pa... 

XMt  Idaho,  Col 

Xttt  Idaho  Spr'gs,  Col. 

Eaat  Jordan,  Mich 

Kast  Keating;,  Pa.„ 

KiiRt  Kingston,  N.H 

Kaat  LockawannockjPu 

Kastlake,  tlich 

Kut  Lake,  N.C._ 

iMt  Lampeter,  Pa 

Kaat  Laa  Vegas,  N.M... 
ICaM  Lag  Vegas.  N.H... 

last  Lincoln,  III 

last  Lirermore,  Me 

■■St  Liverpool,  O 

■■St  Lonaconiiig,  Md.. 

■aat  Lyme,  Conii 

■a«t  Blachias,  Me 

East  Macon,  Ga. 

£iuit  Mcl'henon,  Neb... 

East  Mahoning,  Pa 

■astman.  Ark 

■astnian,  Ga 

■astman,  N.D 

■■■tman.  Wis 

Kwt  Blanchesler,  Pa.... 
Kast  Marlborough, Pa  .. 
Kast  Mauch  Oiunk,  Pa. 
Kast  Jlill  Creek,  Utah.. 

Kast  Montpelier,  Vt 

Kast  Muddy,  Neb 

Kast  Nantmeal,  Pa 

Kast  Nelson,  III 

Kast  Newmarket,  Md... 

Kust  Norwegian,  Pa 

East  Nottingham,  Pa... 

Kast  Oakland,  111 

Xaston,  Conn 

Saston,  Kan 

Kaston,  Me 

Kastou,  Md 

Kaston,  Bid 

Kaston,  Mass 

Kaston,  Mich 

Easton,  Minn 

Kaston,  N.H 

Kaston,  N.Y 

■aston,  Pa. 

Kaston,  Wis 

Kaston,  Wis 

Kasfonville,  Col 

Kast  Orange,  Iowa 

Ka^t  Orange,  N.J 

Kast  Ott..,  N.Y 

Ka«t  Palestine,© 

East  Pcnn,  Pa. 

Kast  Pennsborough,Pa. 

Kast  Petersburg,  Pa 

East  Pikeland,  Pa 

Eaat  Pike  Run,  Pa 

KaA  Puint,  No.  1,  Alas. 
last  Point,  No.  2,  Alas. 

■ast  Point,  6a 

■aat  Point,  Ga 

Kastport,  Me 

■■at  Portland,  Ore 

■itst  Portland,  Ore 

■■St  Prospect,  Pa 

Kast  Providence,  Pa..... 
■■St  Providence,  B.I.... 

■kst  River,  Iowa 

■ast  River,  W.  Va. 

■nst  Riverside,  Cal 

Bast  Rockhill,  Pa. 

East  Rome,  Ga 

«6 


Bank  of 

place. 


post-town 

township 

villace 

township 

post-town 

district 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-tuwn 

po«t-town 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

mag.-dist 

horougli 

township 

township 

precinct 

village 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

city 

district 

post-town 

poet-town 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

precinct 

post-town 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

district 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

poet-town 

city 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

pt«t-viU 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

hamlet 

hamlet 

mil.-dist 

poet-vlU 

post-town 

precinct 

city 

poBt-l)oro' 

township 

poet-town 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

township 

township 


County. 


Kent 

Lee >.. 

Cowley 

Logan 

Middlesex 

Washington.... 

Barnstable 

Erie , 

Hampshire 

Burlington 

Suffolk , 

Dauphin 

Lebanon 

Hartford 

New  Haven...... 

Essex 

Lewis  A  Clarke 

Lancaster 

Fayette 

Blair 

York 

Westmoreland.. 
Clear  Creek.. 
Clear  Creek... 
Charlevoix..., 

Clinton 

Rockingham 

Mercer 

Manistee 

Dare 

Lancaster..... 
San  Miguel... 
San  Miguel... 

Logan , 

Androscoggin... 

Columliiiiua 

Alleghany 

New  London.... 

Washington 

Bibb 

McPherson 

Indiana 

Pulaski 

Dodge 

Foster 

Crawford 

York 

Chester 

Carbon 

Salt  Lake 

Washington 

Gosper 

Chester 

Moultrie 

Dorchester 

Schnylkill 

Chester 

Coles 

Fairfield 

Leavenworth... 

Aroostook 

Talbot. 

Talbot 

Bristol 

Ionia 

Faribault 

Grafton 

Washington 

Northampton... 

Adams 

Marathon 

El  Paso 

Sioux 

Essex 

Cattaraugus 

Columbiana 

Carbon 

Cumborlnnd 

Lancaster 

Chester 

Washington 


Fulton , 

Fulton , 

Washington 
Blultnomali. 
Maltnomab. 

York 

Bedford , 

Providence.. 

Page 

Mercer 

San  Bernardino 

Bucks. 

Floyd.. 


Population. 


1880.      1800. 


2,887 
7»7 


3,032 


2,4uu 

4,206 

666 

2,615 

i,ta: 

1,704 

3,600 

3,<J67 

225 


3,176 
1,749 


4,404 


246 
676 
660 


365 
2,493 


4,056 
1,080 
6,668 
3,.'«7 
1,731 
1,876 
2,827 


1,160 
2,95y 


1,459 


1,337 

1,853 

371 

972 

2-J5 

936 

1,241 

2,498 

700 

1,:J51 

2,086 

1,146 

1,2,35 

836 

5,977 

3,005 

3,902 

1,871 

68 

302 

2,740 

11,924 

450 

186 


103 
8,349 
1,251 
1,047 

933 
3,084 


804 
1,228 


195 
4,006 
1,441 
2,934 

2.W 
1,503 
b,(I.Vi 
1,009 
1,887 


3,127 
66» 
109 
2,141 
2,599 
3,461 

(ua 

2,304 

4,395 

654 

2,431 

1,428 

1,660 

4,455 

955 

2:i6 

469 

3,154 

1,968 

136 

i,2:h 

8,109 

651 

3^3 

731 

229 

461 

656 

1,856 

397 

2,603 

2,312 

2,312 

4,480 

1,506 

10,956 

3,056 

2,048 

1,6:J7 

3,777 

239 

1,090 

1,313 

1,082 

23 

1,436 

1,413 

1,327 

2,772 

287 

96;} 

448 

837 

1,290 

2,579 

686 

1,3(15 

2,243 

1,001 

1,238 

978 

5,809 

2,939 

4,493 

1,868 

180 

248 

2,500 

14,481 

376 

240 

149 

805 

13,282 

1,288 

1,816 

1,109 

2,751 

558 

82:j 

1,162 

36 

41 

1,612 

738 

4,908 

11,762 

10,5.32 

261 

1,475 

8,422 

931 

3,082 

3.30 

1,660 

614 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


East  Saint  Clair,  Pa.. 

East  St.  Louis,  111 

Kast  St.  Louis,  111 

East  Salem,  Ore 

East  Sioux  Fails,  S.D 
East  Springfield,  O... 
East  Stroudsburg,  Pa 
East  Syracuse,  N.Y... 

Kast  Tawus,  Mich 

East  Taylor,  Pa. 

Eiisttown,  Pa 

Kast  Troy,  Wis 

East  Troy,  Wis 

Kast  Tyrone,  Pa 

l-^ust  Umqua,  Ore 

Kast  Union,  Ky 

East  Union,  0 , 

East  Union,  Pa , 

East  Valley,  Neb 

East  Vernon,  Ga 

Eastville,  Va 

East  Vincent,  Pa , 

East  Warner,  Ore 

East  Waterl(M),  Iowa.... 
East  Wheatfleld,  Pa... 
East  Whiteland,  Pa... 
East  Windsor,  Conn... 
East  Windsor,  N.J .... 

Katon,  Col 

Eaton,  Mich ;... 

Eaton,  Neb 

Eaton,  N.H 

Eaton,  N.Y 

Eaton,  O , 

Eaton,  0 

Eaton,  Pa 

Eaton,  Tenn 

Eaton,  Wis , 

Eaton,  Wis 

Eaton,  Wis 

Eaton  Rapids,  Mich..., 
Eaton  Rapids,  Mich... 
Eaton's  Cross  Rds.Tenn 

Eatoiiton,  Ga 

Katonton,  Ga 

Eatontown,  N.J 

Fjiu  Claire,  Wis 

Eau  Galle,  Wis 

Eau  Galle,  Wis 

Eau  Gallie,  Fla 

Eau  Pleine,  Win 

Fau  Pleine,  Wis 

Ebenezer,  Ala 

Ebenezer,  Ala 

Ebenezer,  Miss 

Ebenezer,  S.C 

Ebenezer,  S.C 

Ebensburg,  Pa 

Ehervale,  Pa 

Echo,  Ala 

Echo,  Mich «... 

Echo,  Minn , 

Echo,  Ore , 

Echo  City,  Utah 

Eckery,  Neb 

Eckford,  Mich 

Eckhart,  Md , 

Eckhart  Mines,  Md. 

Eckland,  N.D 

Eckley,  Col 

Eckley,  Ore 

Eckley,  Pa , 

Eclectic,  Ala 

Econflna,  Fla 

Economy,  Pa 

Economy,  Pa 

Ecore  Fabre,  Ark..., 

Kcorse,  Mich 

Eddington,  Me , 

Eddins,  Ga 

Eddy,  N.M 

Eddy,  N.M 

Eddystone,  Ac,  Pa.. 

Eddyville,  III 

EddyviUe,  III 

Eddyville,  Iowa. 

Rldyville,  Ky 

Eddyville,  Ky 

Eddyville,  N.Y 

Eden,  Ala , 

Eden,  Cal 

Eden,  III 

Eden,  Ind 

Eden,  Iowa , 

Eden,  Iowa 

Eden,  Iowa , 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

city 

precinct 

l)oet-vill 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

|)ost-vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

precinct 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

precinct 

township 

towUHbip 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

civil-dist 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

city 

civil-dist 

mil.-dist 

city 

post-twp 

city 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

post  twp 

township 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post  twp 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-boro' 

precinct 

post-twp 

district 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-prect 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

IK)st-boro' 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

village 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Bedford 

Saint  Clair 

Saint  Cluir 

Marion 

Minnehaha.... 

Jefferson 

Monroe 

Onondaga 

Iosco , 

Cambria 

Chester 

Walworth , 

Walworth 

Blair , 

Douglas 

Nicholas , 

Wayne 

Schuvlkill 

Red  Willow... 

Troup.. , 

Northampton. 

Chester , 

Lake , 

Black  Hawk... 

Indiana 

Chester , 

Hartford 

Mercer 

Weld. 

F.aton 

Kearney 

Carroll 

Madison 

Lorain 

Preble 

Wyoming 

Gibson 

Brown 

Clark 

Manitowoc 

Eaton 

Eaton 

Loudon 

Putnam 

Putnam 

Monmouth  .... 

EtM  Claire 

Dunn 

St.  Croix 

Brevard 

Marathon 

Portage 

Butler 

Cullman 

Holmes 

Florence 

York 

Cambria 

Luzerne 

Dale 

Antrim 

Yellow  Med.... 

Umatilla 

Summit 

Perkins 

Calhoun 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Burleigh 

Yuma 

Curry 

Luzerne 

Elmore 

Washington.... 

Beaver 

Beaver 

Ouachita 

Wayne 

Penobscot 

Dodge 

Eddy 

Eddy 

Delaware 

Pope 

Pope 

Wapello 

Lyon 

Lyon 

Ulster 

Saint  Clair 

Alameda 

La  Salle 

Ln  Grange 

Benton 

Carroll 

Clinton 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,114 


0,185 
1,940 


185 
1,102 
1,090 
1,086 


845 

1,407 

368 

279 


1,289 

2,048 

688 


817 
3,653 
1,252 


4,000 
937 
1,273 
3,01'J 
2,271 


1,217 

195 

629 

3,799 

1,161 

2,143 

955 

1,619 

686 

453 

1,524 

1,336 

1,785 

750 

1,933 

1,371 

2,642 

10,119 

1,1.54 

646 


453 


1,318 
2,228 
1,123 
1,108 
1,138 
406 
110 


245 
1,118 
'"822 


56 
1,070 


319 
1,024 


2,210 

2,648 

746 

730 


2,533 
958 
114 
909 

3,874 
390 
617 


5,687 
1,524 
1,111 
8.'i5 
695 
1,010 


1,067 
867 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880   AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Kden,  Iowa 

Eden,  Iowa 

Kden,  Iowa 

Eden,  Iowa 

Eden,  luwa 

Eden,  Kan 

Eden,  Kan 

Eden,  Kan 

Eden,  Ky 

Eden,  Ky 

Eden,  Me 

Eden,  Midi 

Eden,  Mich 

Eden,  Minn 

Eden,  Minn 

Eden,  Minn 

Eden,  Neb 

Eden,  Neb 

Eden,  N.Y 

Eden,  N.D 

Eden,  0 

Eden,  0 

Eden,  0 

Eden,  Ore 

Eden,  Pa 

Eden,  S.D 

Eden,  S.D 

Eden,  S.D 

Eden,  S.D 

Eden,  S.D 

Eden,  S.D 

Eden,  S.D 

Eden,  Utah 

Eden,  Vt 

Eden,  Wis 

Eden,  Wis 

Edenburp,  Pa 

Edenburg,  Va 

Edendale,  N.D 

Eden  Lake,  Minn 

Eden  Prairie,  Minn 

Edenton,  N.C 

Edenton,  N.C 

Eden  Valley,  Minn 

Edenville,  Mich 

Edesville,  Md 

Edford,  111 

Edgar,  III 

Edgar,  Neb 

Edgar,  Neb 

Edgartown,  Maes 

Edgeconib,  Me.. 

Edgefield,  C  H.,  S.C... 

Edgemont,  Pa 

Edge  Moor.  Del 

Edgerton,  Col 

Edgerton,  Kan 

Edgerton,  Minn 

Edgerton,  Mo 

Edgerton,  0 

Edgerton,  S.D 

Edgerton,  Wis 

Edgewater,  Col 

Edgewater,  N.Y 

Edgewater,  Wash 

Edgewood,  Ala 

Edgewood,  Ga 

Edgewood,  Ga 

Edgewood,  III 

Edgewood  Paik,  Pa 

Edgington,  III 

Edgwood,  Cal 

Edina,  Minu 

Edina,  Mo 

Edinborough,  Pa 

Edinbnrg,  III 

Edinburg,  Ind 

Edinbnrg,  Me 

Edinbnrg,  Miss 

Edinburg,  Wisa 

Edinbnrg,  Mo 

Edinburg,  N.Y 

Edinburg,  0 

Edison,  Minn 

Edison,  Neb 

Edison,  0 

Edison,  S.D 

Edisto,  S.C 

Edith,  Nel) 

Edmeston,  N.Y 

Edmond,  Okla 

Edmonds,  Wash 

Edmonton,  Ky 

Edmore,  Mich 

Eiimunds,  Me 

Edna,  Iowa 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

posttwp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

village 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

l)0st  town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

borough 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

po.st-twp 

district 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

city 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post  prect 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

city 

precinct 

village 

township 

post-prect 

niil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post- bo  ro' 

post-twp 

post-twp 

village 

post-town 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

post  town 

township 

beat 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

I>ost-twp 

township 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 


County. 


Decatur 

Fayette , 

Marshall 

Sac 

Winnebago.. 
Meade 


Sumner 

Martin 

Martin 

Hancock 

Lake 

Mason 

Brown , 

Pipe  Stone 

Polk 

Antelope , 

Hitchcock 

Erie , 

Walsh 

Licking 

Seneca 

Wyandot 

Jackson , 

Lancaster , 

Buffalo 

Clark 

Codington 

Hyde 

Lincoln 

Lincoln 

Marshall 

Weber 

Lamoille 

Fond  du  Lac, 

Iowa 

Clarion 

Shenandoah... 

Steele 

Stearns 

Hennepin 

Chowan , 

Chowan 

Meeker , 

Midland 

Kent 

Henry 

Edgar 

Clay 

Clay 

Dukes 

Lincoln 

Edgefield 

Delaware 

New  Castle.... 

El  Paso 

Johnson 

Pipe  Stone 

Platte 

Williams 

Hanson 

Rock 

Jefferson 

Richmond 

King 

Elmore 

DeKalb 

Fulton 

Eflingham 

Alleghany 

Rock  Island... 

Siskiyou 

Hennepin 

Knox 

Erie 

Christian 

Johnson 

Penobscot 

Leake 

Leake 

Grundy 

Saratoga 

Portage 

Swift , 

Furnas 

Morrow 

Minnehaha.... 
Orangeburg.... 

Blaine 

Otsego , 

Oklahoma 

Snohomish 

Metcalfe 

Montcalm 

Washington... 


Population. 


1,187 
1,154 

788 
48U 


239 

308 
465 
lOS 
1,629 
92 
689 
740 
134 


^,363 


707 
1,598 
1,793 

902 
1,250 


329 

934 
1,404 

909 
1,020 

478 


325 

744 

3,055 

1,382 


419 

3,G82 

1,022 

1,641 

1,080 

577 

1,303 

872 

808 

648 

201 


80 
145 

782 


8,044 


25; 

218 

1,178 


1,156 
876 
551 

1,814 
46 

2,392 


174 
1,.')23 
910 
366 
306 
152 


1,036 
'i',794 


2,979 
704 
445 
633 


1,048 

1,381 

1,007 

619 

246 

106 

262 

487 

842 

309 

1,946 

120 

679 

878 

476 

210 

294 

224 

2,288 

410 

674 

1,.343 

1,606 

450 

1,229 

186 

267 

357 

89 

698 

202 

106 

621 

851 

1,:«3 

966 

761 

612 

150 

641 

769 

4,227 

2,2(»5 

327 

460 

4,026 

752 

1,700 

1,678 

1,105 

1,156 

749 

1,168 

667 

322 

166 

321 

178 

482 

967 

371 

1,695 

427 

14,266 

191 

1,066 

1,322 

1,282 

255 

616 

1,220 

710 

631 

1,456 

1,107 

806 

2,031 

64 

3,4&5 

123 

182 

1,203 

834 

380 

306 

346 

4:i4 

1,217 

77 

1,703 

294 

384 

3,986 

736 

395 

684 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Edna,  Kan 

Edna,  Minn 

Edna,  N.D 

Edna,  Tex 

Edneyville,  N.C 

Edon,  0 

Edray,  W.Va 

Edson,  Wis 

Edwards,  Ga 

Edwards,  Kan 

Edwards,  Kan 

Edwards,  Mich 

Edwards,  Minn 

Edwards,  N.Y 

Edwards,  N.C 

Edwards  Mill,  N.C. 
Edwardsport,  Ind... 
Edwardsville,  Ala... 

Edwardsville,  111 

Edwardsville,  111.... 
Edwardsville,  Pa.... 

Eel,  Ind 

Eel  River,  Ind 

Eel  River,  Ind 

Effingham,  III 

Effingham,  Kan 

Effingham,  N.H 

Effingham,  S.C 

Effington,  Minn 

Egan,  S.D 

Egan,  S.D 

Egeland,  S.D 

Egeria,  Col 

Egg  Harbor,  N.J.... 
Egg  Harbor,  Wis  .... 
Egg  Harbor  City,  N.J.. 

Eggleston,  Mich 

Eggleston,  Mich 

Eglon,  Minn 

Egremont,  Mass 

Egypt,  Ark 

Egypt,  Ga 

Egypt,  Mo 

Egypt,  N.C 

Ehrenfeld,  Pa 

Eidsvold,  Minn 

Eighth,  Ga 

Eighth,  Ga 

Eighth,  Ga 

Eight  Mile,  111 

Eight  Mile,  Ore 

Eight  Mile  Grove,  Neb. 
EkaliiktHlugumute, 

Alaska 

Ela,  111 

Elam,  Ala 

Ellia,  Ala 

Elba,  Ala 

Elba,  111 

Elba,  Mich 

Elba,  Mich 

Elba,  Minn 

Elba,  N  Y 

Elba,  N.Y 

Elba,  Wis 

Elburton,  Ga 

Elberton,  Ga 

El  Bosque,  N.M 

Elbow,  Md 

Elbow  Lake,  Minn 

Elbow  Lake,  Minn 

EIIkjw  Lake,  Minn 

Elbridge,  III 

Elbridge,  III 

Elbridge,  Mich 

Elbridge,  N.Y 

Elbridge,  N.Y 

Elburn,  111 

El  Cajon,  Cal 

El  Ceno,  N.M 

El  Cerrito,  N.M 

El  Cerro.  N.M 

Elcho,  Wis 

Elco,  111 

El  Dara,  III 

Eldena,  111 

Elder,  Pa 

Elderton,  Pa 

Eldon,  Iowa 

Eldora,  Iowa 

Eldora,  Iowa 

Eldora,  N.C 

El  Dorado,  Ark 

El  Dorado,  Ark 

El  Dorado,  Ark 

El  Dorado,  111 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

(losttwp 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

l>ost-vill 

post-vill 

township 

city 

borough 

township 

township 

township 

city 

post-vlIl 

post-town 

post-town 

ix)8t-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

city 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

village 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-prect 

hamlet 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

post  vill 

township 

township 

post-  twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

mtl.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

district 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

village 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-twp 

post  prect 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-boro' 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 


County. 


Labette 

Otter  Tail.., 

Barnes 

Jackson 

Henderson.. 

Williams 

Pocahontas. 
Chippewa.... 
Muscogee..., 

Clark 

Wichita 

Ogemaw 

Kandiyohi.. 
Saint  Lawrence 

Wilkes 

Beaufort.... 

Knox 

Cleburne 

Madison 

Madison 

Luzerne 

Cass 

Allen 

Hendricks.. 
Effingham.. 

Atchison 

Carroll 

Florence 

Otter  Tail... 

Moody 

Moody 

Diiy 

Routt 

Atlantic 

Door 

Atlantic 

Emmet 

Muskegon.. 

Clay 

Berkshire... 

Ashley 

Dade 

Carroll 

Yancey 

Cambria 

Lyon 

Gordon 

Murray 

Quitman 

Williamson. 

Morrow 

Cass 


Population. 


Lake 

Montgomery. 

Coffee 

Coffee 

Knox 

Gratiot 

Lapeer 

Winona 

Genesee 

Genesee 

Dodge 

Klbert 

Elbert 

Valencia 

Garrett 

Grant 

Grant 

Hubbard 

Edgar 

Edgar 

Oceana 

Onondaga 

Onondaga...... 

Kane 

.*an  Diego 

Valencia 

San  Miguel.... 

Taos 

Langlade 

Alexander 

Pike.... 

Lee 

Cambria 

Armstrong 

Wapello 

Hardin 

Hardin 

Surry 

Benton 

Union 

Union 

McDonougli.. 


1,615 

513 

1,560 


306 

103 

1,082 

1,900 


777 

207 

4,13:i 

2,887 


1880.      1890. 


321 

411 

108 

637 

1,880 

001 

1,961 

2,164 

1,377 

72 

542 

217 

232 

1,207 

2,245 

62 

670 

446 

4,844 

3,  ,561 

3,284 

14,052 

1,253 

1,905 

3,260 

361 

720 

1,219 

655 

234 

399 

202 

277 

4,265 

821 

1,439 

140 

289 

662 

845 

737 

265 

1,792 

1,082 

607 

413 

837 

975 

2,426 

838 

445 

958 


11,419 

1,287 

1,998 

3,005 

187 

iGo 

1,16( 

312 


33 


4,075 

730 

1,232 


875 
649 
249 


826 


378 

733 

l,2;i9 

2,387 

823 


861 


1,412 

1,987 
989 
222 
902 
734 

1,272 
754 

1,968 


1,341 

1,.508 

927 


1,740 
97 

833 
4,087 

616 


307 


579 

299 

729 

2,330 

1,.184 

1,087 


2,.546 
443 
955 


24 

1,296 

1,831 

1,285 

285 

775 

1,756 

1,089 

645 

1,746 

428 

1,117 

2,244 

1,672 

290 

526 

440 

267 

217 

1,450 

51 

1,180 

3,560 

693 

684 

662 

230 

331 

490 

175 

1,206 

241 

10.3 

711 

243 

1.725 

2,145 

1,577 

1,102 

604 

2.600 

4b6 

883 


97 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CKNSITS  RETURNS  OF  1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  |>Ibc«  and 
•tote. 


A  Donukk,  low*. 

El  iKintlu,  Knn 

Kl  IK.n'lu,  Kan 

El  iXirailo,  Minn 

El  I)urii<U>,  Neb 

El  Dorado,  N.O , 

Kl  IV>rado,  N.D^ 

El  I>orado,  O 

El  Dorado.  8.D 

El  Durado,  Wit 

Kl  Dorado  Springs,  Mo 

Eldr.ll,  N.D 

Eldrwl,  l"* 

Kl.lml,  Ihi 

Eldred,  I'a 

Kl<lre<l,  l>a 

Eldr.Ml,  Pa 

Eldml,  Pa 

Elcind,  Pa 

Kldroii,  Wi«. 

El  Emplazado,  N.C 

Klevatioii,  N.O 

Eleven  Points,  Ark 

Kleventli,  Gii 

Elgin,  III 

Elgin,  III 

Elgin,  Iowa i 

Elgin,  Iowa. 

KIgiri,  Iowa 

Elgin,  Minn 

Elgin,  Nel 

Elgin,  Ore 

Elgin,  Pa 

EH,  Neb 

Elinm,  Ga 

Elida,  O 

Ellda,  S.D 

EHot,  Iowa 

EHot,  Me 

Elixir,  Ark 

Eliza,  III 

Elizabetli,  III 

Elizabeth,  III 

Klizalieth,  Ind 

Elizabeth,  Ind 

Elizabeth,  Minn 

Elizabeth,  Minn 

Elizj.lK'th,  N.J 

Klizabeth,  0 

Elizabetli,  O 

Elizabeth,  Pa 

Elizabeth,  Pa 

Elizabeth,  Pa 

ElizHbeth,  W.  Va 

Elizabeth.  W.Va 

Elizabeth  Churcli,Tenn 

Elizabetli  City,  N.C 

Elizabeth  City,  N.C 

Elizabethton,  Tenn. 

KlizalK-thton,  Tenn 

Kllzabcthtown,  III 

Elizabethtown,  Ind 

Elizabcthtown,  Ky 

Elizjibcthtown,  Ky 

Elizabethtown,  N.M 

Elizabellitown,  N.Y 

Klizabethtown,  N.Y 

Elizabcthtown,  N.C 

Elizabethtown,  Pa 

Ellzabethville,  Pa 

Elizaville,  Ky 

Elizaville,  Ky 

ElK.Cal 

Elk.  Ill 

Elk,  Iowa 

Elk,  Iowa 

Elk,  Iowa. „.. 

Elk,  Kan 

Elk,  Kan 

Elk,  Mich 

Elk,  Mich 

Elk,  Minn 

Elk,  Mo 

Elk,  Neb 

Elk,  Neb 

Elk,  Neb 

Elk,  N.O „„ 

Elk,  N.C 

Elk,  O 

Elk,0 

Elk,  Ore 

Elk,  Pa _ 

Elk.  Pa 

Elk,  Pa 

Elk,  Pa 

Elk,S.0 


Rank  of 
placa. 


townthip 

township 

<lty 

townaliip 

poflt-prect 

poat-twp 

township 

po«t-vlll 

township 

post-twp 

city 

post-twp 

townthip 

township 

township 

p<igt-lK)ro' 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

mil.-dbt 

township 

city 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-boro' 

precinct 

mil.-dlst 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

city 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

mag.-ditt 

post-vill 

civil-dist 

township 

post-vill 

civil  dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

jmst-town 

mng.-dist 

city 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

p<jst-twp 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


Oo«ntjr. 


Benton 

Botler 

Bntler 

Stevens 

Clay 

Montgomery.. 

Traill 

Preble 

Baffnio 

Fond  du  Lac. 

Cedar. , 

Cass 

Jefferson 

Lycoming 

McKeaii 

McKean 

Monroe 

Schnylkill 

Warren 

Marathon 

Snn  Miguel .... 

.Minston 

Randolph 

Terrell 

Kane ; 

Kane 

Fayette 

Lyon 

Plymouth 

Wabasha 

Antelope 

Union ; 

Erie 

Cherry 

Elbert 

Allen 

Potter 

Louisa 

York 

Boone 

Mercer 

.lo  Daviess 

Jo  Daviess 

Bartholomew.. 

Harrison 

Otter  Tail 

Otter  Tail 

Union 

Lawrence 

Miami 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Lancaster. 

Wirt 

Wirt 

Crockett 

Pasquotank 

Pasquotank 

Carter 

Carter 

Hardin 

Bartholomew.. 

Hardin 

Hardin 

Colfax 

Essex 

Kssex 

Bladen 

Lancaster 

Dauphin 

Fleming.. 

Fleming 

Mendocino 

Jackson 

Bnena  Vista.... 

Clayton 

Delaware 

Cloud 


Lake 

Sanilac 

Nobles 

Stoddard.. 
Lancaster.. 
Nuckolls.. 
Saunders... 
Watauga.. 

Wilkes 

Noble 

Vinton 

Benton 

Chester 

Clarion 

Tioga 

Warren 

Snlly „ 


PopnlalioB. 


1880.      1890. 


899 
2,268 
1,411 

127 

621 

l,04U 


S37 


1,617 


1,271 
696 

2,078 

1,166 
877 

1,190 
797 


1,890 

1,2.'>3 

1,418 

10,(157 

8,787 

428 

65 

4.'J4 

940 


l,*Jfi 
302 


414 

1,640 


781! 

1,:{H5 

607 

391 

282 

677 

128 

28,229 

4,580 

1,327 

3,361 

1,810 

1,045 

1,348 

395 


2,721 

2,315 

1,1.53 

362 

484 

391 

6,880 

2,526 


1,.303 

445 

2,267 


1,935 
148 


857 

571 

1,314 

1,140 

1,443 


156 

1,3.32 

176 

894 

464 

588 

866 

.328 

894 

1,.5:!9 

2,000 


8.30 

2,169 

462 

637 


K5 

648 

3,3;}9 

139 

740 

1,220 

429 

365 

141 

1,468 

1,643 

182 

1,581 

656 

1,588 

1,060 

907 

1,147 

1,720 

232 

339 

2,411 

1,183 

1,788 

19,183 

17,823 

369 

297 

752 

885 

421 

227 

109 

169 

1,180 

399 

121 

377 

1,463 

716 

670 

1,283 

495 

4.30 

267 

744 

135 

37,764 

3,369 

1,178 

5,149 

1,804 

1,012 

2,193 

710 

462 

3,968 

3,251 

1,.560 

734 

062 

430 

6,603 

2,260 

338 

1,-399 

673 

2,213 

1,218 

076 

1,424 

164 

216 

894 

782 

1,189 

1,074 

1,883 

1,292 

569 

1,427 

248 

729 

691 

753 

888 

424 

1,204 

1,467 

2,024 

119 

789 

1,283 

693 

880 

111 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Elk,  Wash 

Elk,  W.Va 

Elk,  W.  Va 

KIk,  W.  Va 

Elk,  W.Va 

Elkader,  Iowa 

Elkader,  Kan 

KIk  City,  Kan 

Elk  City,  Ore 

Elk  CYeek,  Iowa 

KIk  Creek,  Kan 

Elk  Creek,  Ky 

P:ik  Creek,  Mo 

Elk  Creek,  Neb 

Elk  Creek,  Neb 

Elk  Creek,  Neb 

Elk  Creek,  Pa 

Elk  Creek,  Tenn 

Elk  Creek,  Va 

KIk  Falls,  Kan 

Elk  Falls,  Kan 

Elk  Fork,  Ky 

Elk  Fork,  Ky 

Elk  Fork,  Ac,  Ky 

KIk  Fork,  Mo 

Elk  Garden,  Va 

Elk  Garden,  W.  Va 

Elk  Grove,  Cal 

Elk  Grove,  III 

Elk  Grove,  Wis 

Elkhart,  III 

Elkhart,  III 

Elkhart,  Ind 

Elkhart,  Ind 

Elkhart,  Ind 

Elkhart,  Iowa 

Elkhart,  Mo 

Elkhorn,  Cal 

Elkhorn,  Col 

Elkhorn,  III 

Elkhorn,  111 

Elkhorn,  Iowa 

Elkhorn,  Iowa 

Elkhorn,  Kan 

Elkhorn,  Kv 

Elk  Horn,  Ky 

Elkhorn,  Mo 

Elkhorn,  Mo 

Elkhorn,  Mont 

Elkhorn,  Mont 

Elkhorn,  Neb 

Elkhorn,  Neb 

Elkhorn,  Neb 

Elkhorn,  Neb 

Elkhorn,  Neb 

Elkhorn,  W.  Va 

Elkhorn,  Wis 

Elkin,  N.C 

Klkins,  Ark 

Elkitis,  N.M 

Elkins,  W.  Va 

Elkinsville.  La 

Elk  Lake,  Minn 

Elkland,  Mich 

Elkland,  Pa 

Elkland,  Pa 

Elk  Lick,  Pa 

Elk  Monnd,Wis 

Elkmount,  N.D 

Elk  Park,  Mont 

Elk  Park,  N.C 

Elk  Point,  S.D 

Elk  Prairie,  Idaho 

Elk  Prairie,  III 

Elk  Rapids,  Mich 

Elk  Ridge,  Md 

Elk  Ridge,  Md 

Elk  River,  Iowa 

Elk  River,  Minn 

Elk  River,  Minn 

Elk  River,  Mo 

Elk  Run.  O 

KIkton,  Ky 

Elkton,  Kv 

Elkton,  Md 

KIkton,  Md 

Elkton,  Minn 

Elkton,  Ore - 

Elkton,  S.D 

Elkton,  S.D 

Elkton,  Tenn 

Elk  Valley.  Tenn 

Elkville,  111 

Ell.  Iowa 

Ellaville.  Fla 

Ellenborongb,  WU 


Bank  of 
place. 


precinct 

ning.-dlst 

mag.-dist 

mng.-dist 

uiag.-dist 

post-town 

|ioet-twp 

post-vill 

jjost-prect 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

|K>8t-twp 

civll-dist 

mng.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-twp 

jxjst-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-jirect 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-twp 

district 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post  vill 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

district 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

townsliip 

post-vill 

post-vill 

civil-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 


County. 


Lewis ■,., 

Barbour , 

Harrison 

Kanawha 

Mineral ..., 

Clayt<m 

Logan 

Montgomery... 

Benton 

Jasjier 

Republic 

Spencer 

Wright 

Custer 

Gosjwr 

Johnson 

Erie 

Carter , 

Grayson , 

Elk 

Elk 

Lewis 

Morgan 

Whitley 

Pettis 

Russell 

Mineral 

Sacramento 

Cook 

Lafayette 

Ijogan 

Logan 

Elkhart 

Elkhart 

Noble 

Polk 

Bates 

San  Joaquin.... 

Saguache 

Brown 

Carroll 

Plymouth 

Webster 

Lincoln 

Letcher 

Taylor 

McDonald 

Warren 

Beaver  Head... 

Jeffereon 

Cuming 

Dodge 

Douglas 

Doufilas 

Sheridan 

McDowell 

Walworth 

Surry 

Clark 

Colfax 

Randolph 

Saint  Charles.. 

Grant 

Tuscola 

Sullivan 

Tioga 

Somerset 

Dnnn 

Grand  Forks... 

Jefferson 

Mitchell 

Union 

Shoshone 

Jefferson 

Antrim 

Howard 

Howard 

Clinton 

Sherburne 

.Sherburne 

McPonald 

Columbiana 

Todd 

Todd 

Cecil 

Cecil 

Clay 

Douglas 

Brookings 

Brookings 

Giles 

Campbell 

Jack^n 

Hancock 

Madison 

Grant ... 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


1,008 

1,600 

3,762 

699 

861 


383 

94 

1,221 

669 
1,097 

649 


224 

139 

1,664 


6,299 
1,367 

613 
1,550 

690 


1,050 
2,221 


1,201 

959 

1,623 

393 

6,713 

6,953 

1,658 

961 

632 

1,95 


1,431 

689 

214 

631 

1,009 


1,032 
2,608 


376 
113 


1,008 

1,122 

137 

453 


208 
1,249 

879 

470 

1,501 

688 


1,162 
741 

2,233 
448 

1,271 
260 
635 
680 

1.457 

3,330 
87-1 

4,325 

1,752 


3.35 


164 
741 

777 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  EETURNS  OF   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Ellenburg,  N.Y 

EUendale,  N.C 

Kllendale,  N.D 

Ellensburg,  Ore 

Kllensbmg,  VVaHli.. 

Ellenville,  N.Y 

Elleiiwood,  Ga 

Ellerslie,  Ga 

Elleislie,  Md 

Ellerslie,  Md 

Ellery,  NY 

Sllettsville,  Ind 

Ellicott,  N.Y 

Ellicott  City,  Md... 
Elllcottsvilie,  N.Y.. 
EUicutlsville,  N.Y.. 

Ellijay,  Ga 

EUijay,  Ga 

Ellijay,  N.C 

Ellington,  Conn 

Ellington,  111 

Ellington,  Iowa.  .. 
Ellington,  Iowa.... 
Ellington,  Mich..... 

Ellington,  Mini 

Ellington,  N.Y 

Ellington,  Wis 

EUinwood,  Kan 

Elliott,  Cal 

Elliott,  Iowa 

Elliott,  S.D 

Elliott  Key,  Fla.... 
Elliottsville,  Ala.... 
Elliottsville,  Ky.... 

Ellis,  Ala 

Ellis,  Aik 

Ellis,  Ark 

Ellis,  Iowa 

Ellis,  Kan 

Ellis,  Kan 

Ellis,  Mich 

Elli.sburg,  N.Y 

Ellisbnrg,  N.Y 

Ellison,  Ala 

Ellison,  111 

Ellislon,  Ky 

Ellisville,  III 

Ellisville,  111 , 

Ellisville,  Ky 

Ellisville,  Miss , 

Ellisville,  Miss 

El  Llano,  N.M 

El  Llano,  N.M 

Elloree,  S.C 

ElUborongh,  Minn 

Ellsworth,  Ark 

Ellsworth,  Iowa.... 

Ellsworth,  Iowa 

Ellsworth,  Kan 

Ellsworth,  Kan , 

Ellsworth,  Me 

Ellsworth,  Mich.... 

Ellsworth,  Minn 

Ellsworth,  Minn... 

Ellsworth,  Nel. 

Ellsworth,  N.H 

Ellsworth,  O 

Ellsworth,  VV.  Va.. 

Ellsworth,  Wis 

Ellsworth,  Wis 

Elm,  Kan , 

Elm,  Kan 

Elm,  Mo 

Elm,  Neb 

Elm,  Neb 

Elm,  Neb 

Elm,  Neb 

Elma,  N.Y 

Elma,  N.D 

Elma,  Wiish 

Elm  Bluff,  Ala 

Elm  Creek,  Kan...., 
Elm  Creek,  Kan.... 
Elm  Creek,  Kan.... 
Elm  Creek,  Minn... 

Elm  Creek,  Neb 

Elm  Creek,  Neb 

Elm  Creek,  Neb 

Elm  Dale,  Minn.... 
Elmendaro,  Kun... 

Elmer,  Mich 

Elmer,  Mich 

Elmer,  Minn 

Elm  Grove,  111 

Elm  Grove,  Iowa... 
Elm  Grove,  Iowa... 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-town 

post-twp 

city 

precinct 

city 

post-vill 

niil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

district 

post-vill 

post-town 

l)ost-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

mi  I. -d  1st 

poBt-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post  twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

niiig.-dist 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-twp 

mag.-dlst 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

beat 

post-vill 

|)recinct 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

city 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 


County. 


Clinton 

Alexander 

Dickey 

Curry 

Kittitass 

Ulster 

Clayton 

Harris 

Alleghanj' 

Alleghany 

Chautauqua 

Monroe 

Chautauqua 

Howard 

Cattaraugus 

Cattaraugus 

Gilmer 

Gilmer.. 

Macon 

Tolland 

Adams 

Hancock 

Palo  Alto 

Tuscola 

Dodge 

Chautauqua 

Outagamie 

Barton 

San  Joaquin.... 
Montgomery.... 

Sanborn 

Dade 

Shelby 

Breathitt 

Cherokee 

Cross 

Pulaski 

Hardin 

Ellis 

Ellis 

Cheboygan 

.Jefferson 

Jefferson 

He  Kalb 

Warren 

Madison 

Fulton 

Fulton 

Nicholas 

Jones 

Jones 

San  Miguel 

Taos 

Orangeburg 

Murray 

Logan 

Emmett 

Hiimilton 

Ellsworth 

Ellsworth 

Hancock 

Lake 

Meeker 

Nobles 

Antelope 

Grafton 

Mahoning 

Tyler 

Pierce 

Pierce 

Allen 

Pratt 

Putnam 

Antelope 

Custer 

Gage 

Sherman 

Erie 

Richland 

Chehalis 

Dallas.. , 

Marshall 

Morris 

Saline 

Martin 

Buffalo 

Buffalo 

Webster 

Morrison 

Lyon 

Oscoda 

Sanilac 

Pipe  Stone 

Tazewell 

Calhoun 

Louisa 


Population. 


3,162 
1,052 


202 
'2,7&0 
'i",352 


126 

1,555 

585 

10,842 

1,784 

1,«49 

748 

1,516 

200 

689 

1,5C9 

2,304 

594 

176 

687 

667 

1,602 

1,377 

352 

2,047 

177 


1,112 
625 


78 

24;j 

674 

1,198 

680 


4,810 
222 


1,041 

2,714 

045 

260 

1,973 

381 

37 


116 

53-2 
76 

803 
1,378 

929 
5,052 

252 


209 
715 
3,074 
1,070 
432 
630 


2,371 


305 
'2,656 


626 
3h7 
9.31 
457 
107 


307 


1,444 


259 

1,431 
271 
651 


3,046 

1,1  tJ5 

761 

317 

2,768 

2,881 

752 

1,387 

796 

260 

1,789 

712 

1,746 

1,488 

1,931 

852 

1,797 

4:17 

812 

1,639 

1,2:« 

775 

338 

822 

585 

1,430 

1,210 

684 

1,766 

317 

276 

105 

1,144 

1,981 

716 

167 

299 

680 

1,608 

1,107 

1.59 

4,146 

3:36 

585 

996 

2,477 

591 

2.55 

1,051 

1,773 

961 

23.5 

677 

311 

234 

755 

291 

972 

2,233 

1,620 

4,804 

1,949 

630 

268 

262 

150 

656 

3,442 

1,338 

670 

877 

315 

2,755 

265 

573 

620 

334 

2,16:i 

3:14 

345 

669 

586 

1,060 

664 

.306 

789 

3.57 

479 

9.32 

2,197 

122 

816 

•AH 

1,178 

555 

596 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Elm  Grove,  Kan.... 
Kim  Grove,  N.D.... 
Elm  Grove,  W.  Va. 

Elmhurst,  III 

Elmira,  Cal 

Elmira,  Cal 

Elmira,  III 

Elmira,  Mich 

Elmira,  Minn 

Elmira,  N.Y 

Klmira,  N.Y.. 

Elmira,  S.D 

Elm  Mills,  Kan..... 

Elmo,  Minn 

El  Monte,  Cal 

Elmore,  Ala 

Elmore,  Ala 

Elmore,  Ind 

Elmore,  Minn 

Elmore,  Minn 

Elmore,  0 

Elmore,  Vt 

El  Moro,  Col 

El  Moro,  Col 

Elm  Kiver,  III 

Elm  Kiver,  N.D 

Elm  River,  N.D 

Elm  Springs,  Ark.. 

Elmwood,  III 

Elmwood,  III 

Elmwood,  Mich 

Elmwood,  Mich 

Elmwood,  Minn 

Elmwood,  Mo 

Elmwood,  Neb 

Elmwood,  Neb 

Elon,  Va 

Elora,  N.D 

El  Paso,  Ark 

EI  Paso,  III 

El  Paso,  HI 

El  Paso,  Tex 

El  Paso,  Wis 

El  Pino,  N.M 

El  Pueblo,  N.M 

Elreno,  Okia 

El  Kito,  N.M 

EI  Rito,  N.M 

El  rod,  S.D 

EIrov,  S.D 

EIroy,  Wis 

Elsah,  III. 

Elsah,  HI 

Elsberry,  Mo 

Elsie,  Mich 

Elsinboro,  N.J 

Elsinore,  Cal 

Elsinore,  Utah 

Elsmore,  Kan 

Elton,  Wis 

Elvaston,  III 

Elviia,  III 

Elvira,  Iowa 

Elvira,  S.D 

Elwood,  HI. 

Elwood,  III 

Elwood,  Ind 

Elwood,  Iowa 

Elwood,  Kan 

Elwood,  Kan 

Elwood,  Neb 

Elwood,  Neb 

Ely,  Mich 

Ely,  Minn 

Ely,  Nev 

Klyria,  Neb 

Elyria,  O 

Klyrja,  0 

Elysian,  Minn 

Elysian,  Minn 

Emardsville,  Minn 

Emashee,  Ala 

Emaus,  Pa 

Embarras,  III 

Embden,  Me 

Embree,  Ore 

Embndo,  N.M 

Emerald,  Minn 

Emerald,  0 

Emerald,  Wig 

Emerick,  Neb 

Emerson,  Ga 

Emerson,  Iowa 

Emerson,  Mich 

Emerson,  Neb 

Emerson,  Neb 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-tw  p 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

|io8t-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

jKJSt-vill 

miig.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

township 

city 

city 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-vill 

jKJst-prect 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

j>o8t-vilI 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

|>ost-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

city 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-boro' 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

poBt-twp 


County. 


Labette 

Grand  Forks. 

Ohio 

Du  Page 

Solano 

Solano 

Stark 

Otsego 

Olmsted 

Chemung 

Cliemung 

Codington 

Barber. 

Otter  Tail 

Los  Angeles.. 

Elmore...; 

Pickens 

Daviess , 

Faribault , 

Faribault , 

Ottawa , 

Lamoille 

Las  Animas..., 
Las  Animas.... 

Wayne 

Ca.s8 

Traill 

AVashington..., 

Peoria , 

Petiria 

Leelanaw 

Tuscola 

Clay 

Saline 

Cass 


Amherst 

Pembina 

White 

Woodford.... 
Woodford.... 

El  Paso 

Pierce 

Valencia 

San  Miguel., 

Canadian 

Rio  Arrilwi.., 

Valencia 

Clark 

Faulk 

Juneau 

Jersey 

Jersey 

Lincoln 

Clinton 

Salem 

San  Diego.... 

Sevier 

Allen 

Langlade...  i. 

Hancock 

Johnson....;. 

Clinton 

Buffalo 

Vermilion.... 

Will 

Madison 

Clinton 

Barber 

Doniphan.... 

Gosper 

Gosper 

Marquette... 

St.  Louis 

White  Pine.. 

Valley 

Lorain 

Lorain 

Le  Sueur 

Le  Sueur 

Polk 

Talladega.... 

Lehigh 

Edgar 

Somerset 

Harney 

Rio  Arriba... 
Faribault. ... 

Panlding 

St.  Croix 

Madison 

Bartow 

Mills 

Gratiot 

Dakota 

Dixon 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,096 


236 
723 
816 
240 
978 
225 
056 
1,986 
20,541 


177 
1,313 


917 

1,073 

439 


1,044 

682 


1,085 


1,617 
2,4:10 
1,504 
438 
1,054 


2,297 

769 

38 

4,342 


2,211 

1,:190 

736 

690 


663 

1,075 

250 


253 

570 


233 
1,054 


294 
1,165 


2,669 
312 
751 
l:« 
181 
323 


1,011 


6,648 

4,777 
8:17 
167 


631 

847 

1,365 

674 


861 
990 
619 


456 
1,377 


1,400 
2a5 
594 

1,050 
869 
317 
884 
561 
6.57 
890 
30,893 
162 
316 
403 

2,.567 
968 
931 

1,968 
689 
488 

1,198 
593 
691 
355 

1,114 
183 
258 

1,591 

2,451 

1,.'>48 
7.34 

1,422 
308 

2,450 
949 
303 

4,499 
372 
863 

2,068 

1,3.53 
10,;i38 
845 
213 
296 
285 
643 
216 
269 
104 

1,413 

1,024 
271 
390 
396 
624 
475 
590 

1,445 
191 
307 

1,026 
31 
194 

2,748 
243 

2,284 
180 
302 
377 
895 
373 
694 
901 
203 
408 

6,419 

.5.611 

1,(X)4 

348 

84 

6.34 

883 

1,729 
579 
1:10 
585 
791 

1,123 
543 
610 
781 
404 

1,441 
434 
671 


99 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  plM«  aad 
•Ute. 


Kmenon,  Heb 

bMit't  Cove,  TeuB..... 

BiDei7,  8.D 

Kmery,  Utah..... 

Kmery,  WU. 

Knicryvllle,  Oil 

Kmily,  Ky 

Kuiiiiouc«,  III 

Xiuiuence,  Khii 

Xminence,  Ky 

Kmlnenoe,  Mo 

KtniniEton,  III 

Kmleiiton,  Pit« 

Kinnm,  Col._ ...m. 

Kuiiiia,  III „ 

Emma,  Kan 

Kmniet,  Ark 

Kumet,  Iowa. 

£mmel,  Kan.„ 

Kuiiiiet,  Micli„ 

Kramet,  Neb 

Eainiel,  Wis. 

Emmetslmrg,  Iowa 

Enimetsburg,  Iowa 

Eiiimott,  Idaho 

Enimelt,  III 

Emmelt,  Kan 

Enimett,  Mich 

Emniett,  Minn 

Eniniett,  Wis 

EmniiUliurg,  Md 

Kmmitsburg,  Md 

Emmons,  N.C 

Euiory,  Tex 

Emory  Gap,  Tenn 

Empire,  Col 

Empire,  Col 

Empire,  111 

Empire,  Kan 

Empire,  Kan 

Empire,  Kan 

Empire,  Ky 

Empire,  Mich 

Empire,  Minn 

Empire,  Mo 

Empire,  Mont 

Empire,  N.D 

Empire,  0 

Empire,  Wis 

Empire  City,  Kan  

Empire  City,  Nev 

Empire  City,  Ore 

Empire  City,  Ore 

Empuria,  Kan 

Emporia,  Kan 

£iii|K)ria,  Va 

Emporium,  Pa 

Enctianted  Prairie,  Ure. 

Enciiiul,  Tex 

Euciiiitas,  Cal 

Eodee,  N.M 

Endicott,  Neb 

Endicott,  Neb 

Energy,  Miss 

Enfield,  Conn 

Enfield.  Ill 

Enfield,  III 

Enfield,  Me 

Enfield,  Mass 

Enfield,  N.H 

Enfield,  N.y 

Enfield,  N.C 

Enfield,  N.C 

Eiigelmttnn,  III 

Enger,  N.D 

Engine  House,  Ky 

Engle,  Col 

Engle,  Col 

Engle,  N.M 

Englewoo<l,  Ind 

Englewood,  Kan 

Englewood,  Kfln 

Knglewood,  N.J 

English,  Ga. 

Enjilish,  III 

Knglit^h,  Ind 

English,  Iowa. 

English,  Iowa 

English  Bay,  Alaska.... 
English  Greek,  Tenn... 
English  Kiver,  Iowa.... 
EnKlish  River,  Iowa.... 

Enlow,  Neb 

Ennis,  T-x _ 

Enoch,  0 

Enoo,  Ala. 

100 


Rank  of 
place. 


lowMhip 

cirtldist 

township 

poat-prect 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-town 

po«t-twp 

poat-vili 

poat-boro' 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

|iost-twp 

township 

township 

city 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

district 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

|K>st-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

past-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-vill 

precinct 

|H»St-Vill 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-bo  ro' 

precinct 

piist-town 

post-prect 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

post- beat 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-Till 

poet-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-tow^n 

tuwnship 

township 

village 

civil-dist 

township 

township 

precinct 

city 

post-twp 

post-prect 


County. 


Harlan 

S«»ier 

McCook 

Emery 

Price 

Alameda 

Martin 

Logan 

Woodson 

Henry 

Shannon 

I<iving8ton.„.... 

Venango 

Pitkin 

White 

Harvey 

Nevada 

lUnmet 

Pottuwiitomie... 

Calhoun 

Holt 

Marathon 

Palo  Alto 

PaloAlU- 

Ada 

McDonough .... 

Norton 

Saint  Clalr 

Renville 

Dodge 

Frederick 

Frederick 

Davidson 

Rains 

Roane 

Clear  Creek 

Clear  Creek 

McLean 

Ellsworth 

Harper 

McPherson 

Christian 

Leelanaw 

Dakota 

Andrew 

Lewis  &  Clarke 

Cass 

Jefi°er8on 

Fond  du  Lac... 

Cherokee 

Ormsby 

Coos 

Coos. 

Lyon 

Lyon 

Greensville 

Cameron 

Coos 

La  Salle 

San  Diego 

Guadaloupe 

JelTerson 

JelTurson 

Clarke 

Hartford 

White 

White 

Penobscot 

Hampshire 

Grafton 

Tompkins 

Halifax 

Halifax 

Saint  Clair 

Steele 

Garrard 

Las  AniniHs 

Las  Animas  .... 

Sierra 

Montgomery.... 

Clark 

Clark„ 

Rergen 

Warren 

Jersey 

Crawford 

Iowa 

Lucas 


Cocke 

Keokuk 

Washington.. 

Cherry 

Ellis 

Noble 

Bullock 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,2G6 
412 

1,043 
605 


1,140 


l,f.87 
628 
4TA 
17fi 
622 

1,188 


1,102 
879 


1.962 


1,4S0 
812 

1,2G3 

3,600 
847 

1,097 


2,341 
3,134 


684 
200 
419 
908 
1,283 


1,065 

1,:<67 

348 

412 


2,625 
4,631 


l,l.'>e 
148 


1,0.50 

6,755 

2,125 

717 

489 

1,043 

1,680 

1,690 

4,6S1 

504 


1,752 


4,076 
1,661 
1,347 


1,703 
907 


76.5 
1,240 
1,499 


1,361 
1,480 
1,896 


443 

1,68:1 

312 

240 

11* 

228 

770 

1,135 

411 

1,(KI2 

020 

129 

1,120 

163 

1,861 

715 

608 

293 

344 

911 

269 

439 

4.57 

1,584 

479 

1,037 

604 

1,251 

625 

1,248 

3,620 

844 

1,208 

3.53 

386 

214 

134 

2,325 

901 

271 

947 

216 

696 

4«2 

1,128 

47 

202 

441 

873 

923 

327 

612 

252 

2,374 

7,551 

595 

2,147 

249 

662 

370 

392 

847 

256 

1,760 

7,199 

2,108 

870 

709 

962 

l,4;i9 

1,393 

3,650 

668 

768 

422 

1,772 

878 

701 

02 

66 

207 

175 

4,785 

1,216 

1,154 

42:J 

1,672 

740 

107 

956 

1,227 

1,505 

65 

2,171 

1,321 

1,468 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Enon,  0 

Enon  Grove,  Oa. 

Enostmrg,  Vt , 

Eiisley,  Mich , 

Enterprise,  Ala 

Enterprise,  Kan 

Enterprise,  Kan 

Enterprise,  Minn 

Enterprise,  Miss 

Enterprise,  Mu 

Kntcr|>rise,  Neb , 

Enterprise,  Neb , 

Enterprise,  N.D 

Enterprise,  U 

Enterprise,  Ore 

Enterprise,  Ore 

Enterprise,  S.D 

Eola,  La 

Eola,  Ore 

Ephraim,  Utah 

Ephrata,  Pa 

Kphnitah,  N.Y 

Kppard  Point,  III 

Kpping,  N.H 

Eppinger,  Ga 

Epps,  Mo , 

£|«om,  N.H 

Epworth,  Iowa 

Equality,  111 

Equality,  111 

Equality,  Mo , 

Era,  Idaho 

Erata,  Miss 

Erdahl,  Minn 

Erhard,  Minn , 

Kricson,  Minn 

Ericson,  Neb - 

Erie,  Col 

Erie,  Col 

Erie,  III 

Erie,  III 

Erie,  Ind 

Erie,  Kan 

Erie,  Kan 

Erie,  Kan 

Erie,  Mich 

Erie,  Minn 

Erie,  Mo 

Erie,  N.D , 

Erie,  0 

Erie,  Pa 

Erin,  111 

Erin,  Iowa 

Erin,  Mich 

Erin,  Minn 

Erin,  N.V 

Erin,  Tenn 

Erin,  Wis 

Erina.  Neb 

Erin  Prairie,  Wis 

Erkleetpaga,  Alaska. 

Errienna,  III 

Errol,  N.H 

Erve,  S.D 

Ervin,  Ind 

Ervin,  N.D 

Erving,  Kan 

Ervinp,  Mass 

Ervington,  Va 

Erwin,  Ga , 

Erwiii,  N.Y 

Erwin,  Tenn , 

EHbon,  Kan 

Etcnlante,  Utah 

Escalante,  Utah 

Excanaba,  Mich 

Kscanaba,  Mich 

Escondido,  Cal 

Escondldo,  Cal 

Escondido,  N.M 

Esculapia,  Ark 

Esculapia,  Ky 

Eskridge,  Kan 

Esmen,  111 

Esmond,  S.D , 

Esnpns,  N.Y 

Espaiiola,  N.M 

Esperance,  N.Y 

Esperance,  N.Y , 

Espy,  Pa 

Essex,  Conn 

Essex,  III , 

F.88ex,  HI 

Es*ex,  III 

Essex,  Iowa 

Essex,  Kan 


Rank  of 
place. 


poat-vill 
mil.-dist 
post-town 

|)OBt-tWp 

IKjst-prect 

|)08t-Vill 

township 

township 

post-beat 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

village 

precinct 

pi'St-vill 

township 

post-tow  ti 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-twp 

jKJst-town 

township 

I)ost-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

post-bent 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

township 

hamlet 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

civil-dist 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

city 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

jiost-town 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

poBt-twp 


County. 


Clarke 

Heard 

Franklin 

Newaygo , 

Cofiee , 

Dickinson 

Reno 

Jackson 

Clarke , 

Linn 

Chase 

Valley 

Nelson 

Viin  Wert , 

Wallowa 

Wallowa 

Moody 

Avoyelles. 

Polk 

San  Pete 

Lanchster 

Fulton 

Livingston.... 
Hockingham. 

Pike 

Butler , 

Merrimack.... 

Dubuque 

Gallatin 

Gallatin 

Miller 

Alturas 

Jones 

Giant 

Otter  Tail 

Renville 

Wheeler 

Weld 

Weld 

Whiteside , 

Whiteside 

Miami 

Neoslio 

Neosho 

Sedgwick 

Monroe 

Becker 

McDonald 

Cass , 

Ottawa 

Erie 

Stephenson.... 

Hancock , 

Macomb 

Rice 

Chemung 

Hiiiiston 

Wushiiigtijn.. 

Garfield 

St.  Croix 


Grundy 

Coos 

Campbell..... 

Howard 

Traill 

.lewell 

Franklin 

Dickenson... 

Wilkes 

Steuben 

Unicoi 

Jewell , 

Garfield 

Garfield 

Delta. 

Delta 

San  Diego... 
San  Diego... 

Socorro 

Benton 

Lewis....;...., 
Wabaunsee.. 
Livingston.., 
Kingsbury... 

Ulster 

Santa  V6 

.Schoharie..... 
Schiihario..... 

Columbia 

Middlesex.... 
Kankakee.... 
Kankakee.... 

St.irk 

Page 

Garfield 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


362 

819 

2,213 

1,38« 


411 

429 

179 

4,226 

614 


488 
1,704 
3,340 
2,167 
1,081 
1,536 
1,671 
3«1 
009 


1,715 

600 
767 


795 
172 
416 
343 


358 
778 
637 
724 

l,3.i4 
270 
257 

1,721 
177 
650 


695 
27,737 

701 

152 
2,692 

840 
1,502 

485 
1,273 


1,013 


2,159 


035 
2,095 
555 
557 
023 
623 
8.34 
3,029 


1,250 
""876 
'4,736 


1,378 
341 

462 

1,8.5-5 
1,043 


1,4.52 
017 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Bank  of 
place. 


Essex,  Mas? 

Essex,  Mich 

Essex,  N.Y 

Essex,  Vt 

Essex ville,  Mich 

Estabrook,  N.U 

Estarado,  Tex 

Estell.  Neb... 

Estelline,  S.D 

Estelline,  S.D 

Estes  Park,  Col 

Estherville,  Iowa 

Estherville,  Iowa 

Estlllville,  Va 

Ethridge,  Ga 

Etiwanda,  Cal 

Etna,  Cal 

Etna,  Cal 

Etna,  Ind 

Etna,  Ind 

Etna,  Iowa 

Etna,  Me 

Etna,  0 

Etna,  Pa 

Etna  Green,  Ind 

Etolilugamute,  Alaska 

Etowah,  Ga 

Ettrick,  Wis 

Ettritks,  Va 

Eucliee  Anna,  Fla 

Euclid,  Minn 

Euclid,  Minn 

Euclid,  0 

Eudora,  Kan 

Eudura,  Kan 

Eudora,  Miss , 

Eufaula,  Ala 

Eufaula,  Ala 

Eufaula,  Ala 

Eugene,  Ind 

Eugene,  Mo 

Enharlce,  Ga 

Euharlee,  Ga , 

Eulalia,  Pa 

Eupora,  Miss 

Eureka,  Cal 

Eureka,  Cal 

Eureka,  Cal 

Eureka,  Col 

Eureka,  Col.  

Eureka,  111 

Eureka,  Iowa 

Eureka,  Iowa 

Eureka,  Kan 

Eureka,  Kan 

Eureka,  Kan 

Eureka,  Kan 

Eureka,  Kan 

Eureka,  Kan ;.... 

Eureka,  Kan 

Eureka,  Kan 

Eureka,  Mich 

Eureka,  Minn 

Eureka,  Neb 

Eureka,  Neb 

Eureka,  Neb 

Eureka,  Nev 

Eureka,  S  D 

Eureka,  S.D 

Eureka,  S.D 

Eureka,  Utah 

Eureka,  Wis 

Eureka  Springs,  Ark... 

Enrope,  Ga 

Enstis,  Fla 

Eustis,  Me 

Enstis,  Neb 

Eutah,Ga 

Entaw,  All! 

Eutaw,  Ala 

Eutawville,  S.C 

Eva,  Ala 

Evan,  Kan 

Evangeline,  Mich 

Evans,  Col 

Evans,  Col 

Evans,  Ga 

Evans,  111... 

Evans,  Iowa 

Evans,  N.Y 

Evansburg,  Pa 

Evans  City.  Pa 

Evanston,  111 , 

Evanston,  W.vo , 

Evansville,  ill 

Evansville,  III 


poBt-fown 

township 

post-town 

post  town 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-prcct 

township 

IKJst-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

Riil.-dist 

post-prect 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

(x>st-boro' 

post-vill 

hamlet 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-prect 

town.ship 

post-vill 

township 

township 

poBt-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

city 

post-twp 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

city 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

post  town 

post-prect 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

I)ost-town 

post-town 

posl-boro' 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 


County. 


Essex 

Clinton 

Essex 

Chittenden 

Bay 

Foster 

Crosby 

Hayes 

Hamlin 

Hamlin 

Larimer 

Emmet 

Emmet 

Scott 

Jones 

San  Bernardino 

Siskiyou 

Siskiyou 

Kosciusko 

Whitley 

Hardin 

Penobscot 

Licking 

Alleghany 

Kosciusko 


Floyd 

Trempealeau ... 

Chesterfield 

Walton 

Polk 

Polk 

Cuyiihoga 

Douglas 

Douglas 

De  Soto 

Tallapoosa 

Baibour 

Barbour 

Vermilion 

Carroll 

Bartow 

Bartow 

Potter 

Webster 

Humboldt 

Humboldt 

Nevada 

San  Juan 

San  Juan 

Woodford 

Adair 

Sac 

Barton 

Cheyenne.. 

Greenwood 

Greenwood 

Kingman 

Mitchell 

Rice 

Saline 

Montcalm 

Dakota 

Furnas 

Jefferson 

Valley 

Eureka 

Aurora 

Brookings 

McPherson 

Juab 

Polk 

Carroll 

Fayette 

Lake 

Franklin 

Frontier 

Paulding 

Greene 

Greene 

Berkeley  

Morgan 

Kingman 

Charlevoix , 

Weld 

Weld 

De  Kail. 

Marshall 

Mahaska 

Erie 

Crawford 

Butler 

Cook 

Uintah 

Randolph 

Randolph 


Population. 


1,670 
1,784 
1,402 
2,104 


365 

13S 

2,964 

545 


361 
1,076 

577 
2,466 

895 
1,166 
2,3:V4 

388 


910 

1,656 

677 

3C6 

200 

67 

2,776 

2,029 

572 


655 
8,162 
3,836 
1,341 


3,425 

24 

554 


3,484 

2,639 

683 


123 
1,185 
506 
361 
327 


1,994 
1,127 


430 
924 
895 
440 
302 


4,207 


122 

595 

3,984 

419 


302 


728 
3,237 
1,101 


383 
365 


761 

1,777 


2,611 
197 


6,T0.J 

1,27" 

1,0H8 

321 


1,713 

1,511 

1,437 

2,013 

1,545 

86 

2:18 

201 

640 

210 

i:» 

1,713 

1,475 

3,828 

564 

231 

782 

271 

1,168 

580 

2,277 

646 

1,053 

3,767 

411 

25 

711 

1,841 

091 

293 

262 

262 

3,780 

2,105 

618 

106 

605 

8,217 

4,394 

1,664 

1,834 

1,405 

144 

1,268 

432 

7,011 

4,858 

440 

69 

49 

1,481 

676 

936 

301 

292 

668 

2,259 

3.30 

393 

542 

974 

9.33 

761 

345 

806 

418 

1,600 

178 

285 

522 

1,733 

808 

3,700 

458 

835 

321 

145 

815 

3,344 

1,115 

224 

2;i7 

440 

719 

787 

306 

64:< 

1,898 

609 

2,692 

291 

637 

13,  ©."ig 

1,995 

1,276 

407 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Evansville,  Ind 

Evansville,  Minn 

Evansville,  Minn 

Evansville,  Wis 

Evart,  Mich 

Evart,  Mich 

Evarts,  Minn 

Eveline,  Mich 

Evening  Shade.  Ark.... 

Evening  Star,  Mont 

Everest,  Kan 

Everest,  N.D 

Everett,  Kan 

Everett,  Mass 

Everett,  Mich 

Everett,  Mo 

Everett,  Neb 

Everett,  Neb 

Everett,  Pa 

Everett's  Sl>rings,  Ga..., 

Everglade,  Minn 

Evergreen,  Ala 

Evergreen,  Col 

Evergreen,  Kan 

Evergreen,  Mich 

Evergreen,  Mich 

Evergreen,  Minn 

Evergreen,  Neb 

Evers,  Ga 

Everson,  Pa 

Evesham,  N.J 

Ewing,  Ark 

Ewing,  III 

Ewing,  III 

Ewing,  Neb 

Ewing,  Neb 

Ewing,  N.J 

Ewington,  Minn 

Example,  Kan 

Excel,  Minn 

Excelsior,  Iowa 

Excelsior,  Mich 

Excelsior,  Minn 

Excelsior,  Minn 

Excelsior,  Wash 

Excelsior,  Wis 

Excelsior  Springs,  Mo... 
Exeter,  III.... 
Exeter,  Kan.. 
Exeter,  Me... 
Exeter,  Mich 
Exeter,  Mo... 
Exeter,  Mo... 
Exeter,  Neb. 
Exeter,  Neb 
Exeter,  N.H 
Exeter,  N.Y. 
Exeter,  Pa, 
Exeter,  Pa 
Exeter,  Pa 
Exeter,  Pa 
Exeter,  R.I 
Exeter,  Wis 
Exira,  Iowa 
Exira,  Iowa. 
Exline,  Iowa 

Exline,  S.D 

Exposition  Mills,  Ga .. 

Express,  Ore 

Extra,  Ark  

Eylau,  Tex 

Eyola,  Minn 

Eyota.  Minn 

Ezel,  Ky 

Fabins,  Iowa 

Fabins,  Mich 

Faliiiis,  Mo 

Fabins,  Mo 

Fabins,  Mo 

Fal.ius,  N.Y 

Fabins,  N.Y 

Faceville,  Ga 

Fackler,  Ala 

Factory,  Ala 

Factory,  Ga 

Factoryville,  Pa 

Faggart,  N.C 

Fahlun,  Minu 

Fair,  Mo 

Fairbank,  Ariz 

Fairbank,  Iowa 

Fairbank,  Iowa 

Fairbank,  S.D 

Fairbanks,  Ind 

Fairbanks,  Slich 

Fairbanks,  Miun 


Bank  of 
place. 


city 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-prect 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

townsliip 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-twp 

post  town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

l)OSt-town 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

j)Ost-town 

township 

village 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

jKjst-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mil  -dist 

post-prect 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

jiost  twp 

township 

township 


County. 


Vanderburg.... 

Douglas 

Douglas 

Rock 

Osceola 

Osceola 

Otter  Tail 

Charlevoix 

Sharp 

Jefferson 

Brown 

Cass 

Woodson.... 

Middlesex 

Newaygo 

Cass 

Burt 

Doilge 

Bedford 

Floyd 

Stevens 

Conecuh 

Jefferson 

Cheyenne 

Montcalm 

Sanilac 

Becker 

Dawes 

Monroe 

Fayette 

Burlington 

Boone  

Franklin 

Franklin 

Holt 

Holt 

Mercer 

Jackson 

Haskell 

Marshall 

Dickinson 

Kalkaska 

Hennepin 

Hennepin 

Whatcom 

Sauk 

Clay 

Scott 

Clay 

Penobscot 

Monroe , 

Barry 

Barry 

Fillmore 

Fillmore 

Rockingham.., 

Otsego 

Berks 

Luzerne 

Luzerne 

Wyoming 

Washington.... 

Green 

Audubon 

Audubon 

Ap)>anooi:e 

Spink 

Fulton , 

Baker 

Ashley 

Bowie 

Olnrsted 

Olmsted 

Morgan.. 

Davis 

Saint  Joseph.. 

Knox 

Marion 

Schuyler 

Onondaga 

Onondaga 

Decatur 

.Fackson 

Marion 

Warren 

Wyoming 

rabarrus 

Kandij'ohi 

Platte 

Cochise 

Buchanan 

Buchanan 

Sully 

Sullivan 

Delta 

Crow  Wing 

.101 


Population. 


29,680 
554 


1,068 

1,077 

1,302 

117 

554 

286 


712 
4,159 

784 
1,131 

915 


1,247 


1,365 
215 


1,602 


1,564 
170 


2,412 


1,109 


291 

477 

1,274 

1,822 


993 
412 
3,569 
l,3.-.3 
2,469 
1,021 


159 
1,310 

893 
1,517 

604 
34 


387 


708 

404 

47 

1,072 

1,298 

1,095 

l,8i)' 

1,8:^6 

2,069 

405 

1,750 


1,475 
402 
712 
395 

1,275 


1,175 
223 


1,331 
669 


50,756 

580 

452 

1,523 

1,215 

1,269 

366 

923 

281 

84 

478 

316 

7.36 

11,068 

576 

934 

1,992 

680 

1,079 

615 

158 

1,783 

308 

178 

1,308 

835 

146 

594 

1,023 

005 

l,.50l 

598 

1,570 

290 

810 

348 

3,129 

202 

165 

3:!6 

124 

339 

408 

619 

319 

1,299 

2,1)34 

244 

674 

039 

1,716 

1,069 

244 

1,466 

754 

4,284 

1,'245 

2,3(18 

452 

790 

144 

964 

015 

1,739 

575 

76 

108 

601 

418 

535 

200 

610 

377 

124 

1,074 

1,035 

1,104 

1,777 

1,978 

1,717 

312 

563 

931 

603 

l,6.i2 

577 

748 

473 

1,263 

478 

1,276 

448 

88 

1,2.58 

740 

122 


CITIKS,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Kudo  of  plac*  and 


Fiilrl»nka,WU 

rwir  Itluflr,  N.O 

Vair  Uluflr,  N.C 

FtUrburn,  0« 

pHlrburn,  Qa 

KMirbtiry,  III 

yalrbiiry,  Net> 

Falrlmry,  Neb 

FBirv-hHii««,  l*a « 

Fkiixlilld,  WU.. 

Fnirchlia,  Wis 

Wiinlal*,  N«U 

yalriWx,  low* 

y^irfkx,  Kan 

fmlrtrnx,  Uino 

nUrfax,  Minn ^.. 

ValKax,  Mo 

Fairfax,  Vt. 

FUlrfax,  W.  Vn. 

Ikirflel.l,  Ala. 

Fairfield,  AIh ... 

Falrfleld.  CbI 

Fairfield,  Conn 

Fnirflcld.  Ill 

Fairfield,  III 

FHlifield,  lud 

Fairfield,  Iiid 

Fairfield,  Ind 

Fairfield,  Iowa 

Fairfield,  Iowa 

Fairfield,  Iowa 

Fairfield,  Iowa 

Fairfield,  Iowa 

Fairfl-ld,  Iowa 

Fairfield,  Iowa 

Fairfield,  luwa 

Fairfield,  Kan 

Fairfield,  Ky 

Fairfield,  Ble 

Fairfield,  Mich 

Fairfield,  Midi 

Fairfield,  Minn 

Fairfield,  Mo 

Fairfield,  Neb 

Fairfield,  Neb 

Fairfield,  Neb 

Fairfield,  Neb 

Fairfield,  N.J 

FairfieM,  N.Y 

Fairfield,  N.C 

Fairfield,  N.D 

Fairfield,  0 

Fairfield,  0 

Fairfield,  O 

Fairfield,  0 

Fairfield,  0 

Fairfield,  O 

Fairfield,  0 

Fairfield,  0 

Fairfield,  Ore 

Fairfield,  Pa 

Fairfield,  Pa 

Fairfield,  Pa 

Fairfield,  S.D 

Fairfield,  Tex 

Fairfield,  Utah 

Fairfield,  Vt.„ 

Fairfield,  Va 

Fairfield,  Va 

Fairfield,  Wis 

Fair  Forest,  S.C 

Fair  Garden,  Tenn. 

Fair  Grove,  Mich 

Faiiliaven,  III 

Fairhaven,  Mmss 

Fair  Haven,  Mich 

Fair  Haven,  Minn 

Fair  Haven.  N.Y 

Fair  Haven,  Vt 

Fairhaven,  Wash 

Fair  Hill,  Md „.... 

Fairland,  Ind 

Fairlee,  Vt „. 

Fairmont,  Cal 

Faimiout,  Kan 

Fairmiint,  Minn 

FaimKiDt,  Minn 

FMirmont,  Neb 

Fitirmout,  Neb 

Fairmont,  Ore 

Fairmont,  W.  Va. 

Faimiont,  \V.  Va 

Fairmouitt,  ^c  ,  Cul 

Faimiount,  Fla  ........ 

FHirmonut.  G:i 

Faiimoont,  111 

102 


Rank  of 
pl«c«. 


tOWDShIp 

tuwaahlp 

poat-vill 

mil.  .dint 

poat-vill 

)MMi-town 

precinct 

city 

poat-boro' 

lownahip 

post-Till 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-viil 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag.-diiit 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-towu 

poet-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-towu 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

post-town 

p<i8t-prect 

|K)et-town 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

townsliip 

post-twp 

civil-dist 

post-twp 

post-twp 

IK)st-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

city 

district 

post-town 

|>oet-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

po8t>vill 

township 

city 

precinct 

mag.-diHt 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

township 


OiMiDty. 


Shawano..„ 

Columbus. 

Oolumbns 

Campbell 

Campbell 

Livingston 

JefTerton 

Juflenoo 

Fayette 

Eau  Claire 

Eau  Claire 

Howard 

Linn 

Osage 

Polk 

KenTille„ 

Atchi8<m 

Franklin 

Tucker 

CoTington» 

Pickens. 

Solano 

Fairfield 

Bureau 

Wavne 

Dekalb 

Franklin 

Tippecanoe 

Bueiia  Vista 

Cedar 

Fayette 

Grundy 

Jackson 

.lefferson 

Jefferson 

Palo  Alto 

Kussell 

Nelson 

Somerset 

Lenawee 

Shiawassee 

Swift 

Carroll 

Brown 

Clay 

Harlan 

Hayes 

Cumberland 

Herkimer 

Hyde 

Grand  Forks.... 

Butler 

Columbiana 

Greene 

Highland 

Huron 

Madison 

Tuscarawas 

Washington 

Marion 

Crawford 

Lycoming 

Westmoreland 

Beadle 

Freestone 

Utah 

Franklin 

Henrico 

Nortliumberl'd 

Sauk 

Spartanburg 

Sevier 

TuscoIh 

Carroll 

Bristol 

Huron 

Stearns 

Cayuga , 

Rutland , 

Wliatcom , 

Cecil 

Shelby 

Orange , 

\mk  Angeles..... 

Butler 

Mnrtin , 

Martin 

Fillmore.......... 

Fillmore , 

Benton , 

Marion 

Marion 

Otero 

Citrus , 

Gordon 

l'ike._ 


ropulatioB. 


1880.      1890. 


191 

1,807 
818 
2,280 
663 
2,140 
l.fiHl 
1,261 


8«7 
3(H 
241 
1,201 
674 


2,.59« 
424 

3,748 
915 

l,3!tl 

1,518 

817 

17,314 

234 

710 

1,330 
8.34 
807 

4,221 

3,086 
ItiS 


l,o:J6 

3,044 

2,2:J0 

9(X) 

301 


919 
222 


3,216 
1,656 
1,089 


14,692 

3,178 

380 

2,470 

1,359 

l,6.'i3 

814 

731 

2:« 

929 

478 

1,611 


358 

172 

2,172 

6,851 

2,272 

744 

1,7:«) 

1,109 

1,6(19 

1,177 

2,875 

974 

420 

621 

2,211 


2,088 
36^ 
4G9 


519 

385 

641 

1,137 

600 


2,646 
900 


814 
1,028 


792 

1,878 

243 

2,140 

605 

2,324 

3,368 

2,6:10 

1,092 

1,216 

646 

7400 

1,110 

932 

296 

351 

320 

1,.523 

1,606 

68.3 

3,187 

606 

3,868 

847 

1,881 

1,361 

674 

17,766 

602 

614 

1,542 

8:56 

798 

4,:i03 

:j,39l 

607 

228 

913 

3,519 

2,263 

977 

450 

890 

99 

1,903 

309 

166 

1,688 

1,553 

1,321 

139 

26,010 

2,889 

310 

2,342 

1,1:J8 

1,484 

1,110 

725 

198 

841 

468 

1,757 

147 

499 

273 

1,825 

9,028 

2,313 

672 

1,847 

1,:124 

1,968 

1,146 

2,919 

769 

606 

738 

2,791 

4,076 

2,011 

613 

398 

721 

627 

4;i7 

1,2(15 

1,720 

l,l>.'9 

230 

3,22S 

1,023 

3,32 

170 

976 

968 


Kama  of  place  an4 
■tate. 


Falrmount,  111 

Fairmonnt,  Ind 

Faimiount,  Ind , 

Fairniount,  Kan 

Fairmount,  Md 

Faimiount,  N.I> 

Fairniount,  N.I) 

Faimiount,  Pa 

Fairmount  City,  Pa., 

Fairplain,  Midi 

Fair  Piny,  Ark 

Fair  Play,  Col 

Fair  Play,  Ga 

Fair  Play,  Ga 

I  Fair  Play,  Ga 

I  Fair  Play,  Ga 

Fair  Play,  Ga 

Fair  Play,  Ga , 

Fair  Play,  Ind 

Fair  Play,  Kan 

Fairport,  N.Y , 

Fairport,  O 

Fairview,  Ala 

Fairview,  Ark , 

Fairview,  Cal 

Fairview,  Col 

Fairview,  III 

Fairview,  III , 

Fairview,  Ind 

Fairview,  Iowa 

Fairview,  Iowa. 

Fairview,  Iowa 

Fairview,  Iowa 

Fairview,  Iowa 

Fairview,  Iowa 

Fairview,  Kan 

Fairview,  Kan , 

Fairview,  Kan 

Fairview,  Kan 

Fairview,  Kan 

Fairview,  Kan 

Fairview,  Kan 

Fairview,  Kan 

Fairview,  Kan 

Fairview,  Kan 

Fairview,  Ky 

Fairview,  Ky 

Fairview,  Ky 

Fairview,  Ky , 

Fairview,  Minn 

Fairview,  Mo 

Fairview,  Mo 

Fairview,  Mo 

Fairview,  Neb 

Fairview,  Neb 

Fairview,  Neb 

Fairview,  Neb 

Fairview,  Neb 

Fairview,  Neb 

Fairview,  N.M 

Fail-view,  N.C 

Fairview,  N.D 

Fairview,  0 

Fairview,  Pa 

Fairview,  Pa 

Fairview,  Pa 

Fairview,  Pa 

Fairview,  Pa 

Fairview,  Pa 

Fairview,  Pa 

Fairview,  S.C 

Fairview,  S.D 

Fairview,  S.D 

Fairview,  S  D 

Fairview,  S.D 

Fairview,  S  D 

Fairview,  S.D 

Fairview,  S.D 

Fairview,  Utah 

Fairview,  Utah 

Fairview,  W.  Va 

Fairview,  W.  Va 

Fairview,  W.  Va 

Faison,  N.C 

Faison,  N.C 

Falcon,  Ark 

Falcon,  Col 

Falconer,  N.Y 

Falconer,  N.D 

Falkenstein,  Kan.... 

Falkland,  N.C 

Falkliind,  N.C 

Falkville,  Ala 

Fall  Brook,  Cal 

Fall  Brook,  Pa 

Fall  Creek,  111. 


Rank  of 
place. 


poet-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

district 

townsliip 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

mll.-dist 

niil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

townsliip 

township 

post-vill 

village 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

townsliip 

township 

townsliip 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township. 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

borough 

township 

post-boio' 

township 

township 

tfjwnship 

post-twp 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

village 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

townsliip 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

jKist-prect 

post-boro' 

post-twp 


County. 


Vemiilion 

Grant 

Grant 

Leavenworth,,.. 

Somerset 

Kiohland 

Richland 

Luzerne 

Clarion 

Montcalm 

Saline 

Park 

Carroll 

Cherokee 

Douglas 

Fannin 

HalierKlium 

Morgan 

Greene 

Marion 

Monroe 

Lake 

Etowali 

Independence... 

Yolo 

Custer 

Fulton 

Fulton 

Fayette 

Allamakee 

Jasper 

Jones 

Monona 

Osceola 

Shelby 

Baiton 

Butler 

Cowley 

Ford 

Jeffernon 

Labette 

Republic 

Rush 

Russell 

Stafi'oni 

Bracken 

Metcalfe 

Todd 

Todd 

Lyon 

Caldwell 

Henry 

Livingston 

Dawson , 

Frontier 

Holt 

Lincoln 

Madison 

Sarpy .' 

Sierra  

Buncombe 

Rolette 

Guernsey 

Butler 

Butler 

Erie 

Erie 

Luzerne 

Mercer , 

York 

Greenville 

Campbell 

Clay 

Hand 

Hanson 

Lincoln , 

Potter 

Sullv 

San  Pete , 

San  Pete 

Hancock , 

Marion 

Wayne.. 

Duplin 

Duplin 

Nevada 

Kl  Paso 

Chautiiiiqiia 

Grand  Forks..., 

Stanton , 

Pitt 

Pitt 

Morgan 

San  Diego 

Tioga 

Adania , 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


SOS 
1,802 

663 
1,143 
2,802 


1,085 
644 

1,422 
421 


1,213 
861 
9(HI 
4.M) 
421 
612 
830 
447 

1,020 
29(.' 
442 
319 
448 


1,290 

394 

6:59 

658 

2,590 

3,326 

501 

70 

919 

266 

883 


705 

852 
607 


1,228 


1,060 
612 

2,741 
95 
287 
890 
848 

1,626 


997 


152 

3,9:iO 

333 

1,482 
426 


834 
2,1.50 
2,251 


1,014 

803 


195 

157 

2,355 


1,937 


860 
978 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Fall  Creek,  Ind 

Kail  Creek,  Ind 

Fall  Creek,  Ind 

Fall  Creek,  N.C 

Fall  Creek,  Ore 

Falling  Creek,  Ga 

Falling  Creek,  N.C 

Falling  Rivei",  Va 

Falling  Spring,  W.Ya.. 

Falling  Springs,  Mo 

Falling  Water,  Ga 

Falling  Waters,  W.Va. 

Fallow-field,  Pa 

Fall  River,  Cal 

Fall  River,  Col 

Fall  River,  111 

Fall  River,  Kan 

Fall  River,  Kan 

Fall  River,  Kan 

Fall  River,  Mass 

Falls,  Iowa 

Falls,  Kan „ 

Falls,  Kan 

Falls,  0 

Falls,  0 

Falls,  Ore 

Falls,  Pa 

Falls,  ra 

Falls,  W.  Va 

Fallaburg,  N.Y 

Fallsburg,  0 

Falls  Church,  Va 

Falls  Church,  Va 

Falls  City,  Neb 

Falls  Citv,  Neb 

Falls  Miils,  Va 

Falls  of  Blaine,  Ky 

Fallston,  Pa 

Fallstown,  N.C 

Falmouth,  Ky 

Falmouth,  Ky 

Falmouth,  Me 

Falmouth,  Mass 

Falmouth,  Va 

Falun,  Kan 

Fancy  Creek,  III 

Fancy  Creek,  Kan 

Fancy  Farm,  Ky 

Fancy  Gap,  Va 

Fannett,  Pa„ 

Fannin,  Miss 

Fanny,  Blinn 

Fanwood,  N.J 

Farber,  Mo 

Farewell  Bend,  Ore 

Fargo,  Kan 

Fargo,  N.D 

Fargo,  N.D 

Faribault,  Minn 

Farina,  111 

Farley,  Iowa 

Farley,  Minn 

Farmdale,  Ky 

Farmer,  111 

Farmer,  Kan 

Farmer,  Kan 

Faimor,  N.Y 

Farmer,  0 

Farmer  City,  111 

Farmer  Creek,  Iowa.... 

Farmer's,  Ky 

Farmer's,  Ky 

Farmer's,  Neb 

Fanner's,  Utah 

Farmersburg,  Ind 

Farniersburg,  Iowa 

Farmers  Valley,  Neb... 

Faimersville,  Ala 

Farmersville,  Ky 

Farniersville,  N.Y 

yarmersville,  0 

Farmersville,  Tex 

Farnierville.  La 

Farming,  Minn 

Farmingdale,  Me 

Farmington,  Conn 

Farniington,  Pel 

Farmington,  Ga 

Farmington,  III 

Farmington,  111 

Farniington,  Iowa 

Farmington,  Iowa 

Farmington,  Iowa 

Farmington,  Kan 

Farmington,  Kan 

Farniington,  Kan 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-boro' 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

[lost-town 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

po.st-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-beat 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

city 

city 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Hamilton 

Henry 

Madison 

Yadkin 

Lane 

Oglethorpe .... 

Lenoir 

Campbell 

Greenbrier 

Oregon 

Habersham.... 

Berkeley 

Washington... 

Shasta 

Clear  Creek... 

La  Salle 

Greenwood 

Greenwood  .... 

Wilson 

Bristol  

Cerro  Gordo... 

Chase 

Sumner 

Hocking 

Muskingum... 

Wasco 

Bucks 

Wyoming 

Fayette 

SulHvan 

Licking 

Fairfax 

Fairfax 

Richardson.... 
Richardson.... 

Tazewell 

Lawrence 

Beaver 

Iredell 

Pendleton 

Pendleton 

Cumberland... 

Barnstable 

Stafford 

Saline 

Sangamon 

Riley 

Graves 

Carroll 

Franklin 

Rankin 

Polk 

Union 

Audrain 

Crook 

Seward 

Cass 

Cass 

Rice 

Fayette 

Dubuque 

Polk 

Franklin 

Fulton 

Rice 

Wabaunsee.... 

Seneca 

Defiance 

De  Witt 

Jackson 

Rowan 

Rowan 

Franklin 

Salt  Lake 

Sullivan 

Clayton 

Hamilton 

Lowndes 

Caldwell 

Cattaraugus... 
Montgomery.. 

Collin 

Union 

Stearns „ 

Kennebec 

Hartford 

Kent 

Oconee 

Fulton 

Fulton 

Cedar 

Van  Buren.... 
Van  Buren.... 

Republic 

Rooks 

Stafford 


Population. 


i,r78 

2,054 
2,479 
1,52.5 

185 
1,124 
1,443 
3,230 
2,658 

119 


1,249 
811 
998 


553 
1,019 

102 

1,398 

48,961 

1,112 

1,871 

681 
5,195 

l,7:« 

583 
2,385 
1.126 

837 
2,945 

929 
3,281 

660 
2,819 
1,583 


799 

560 
1,191 
4,366 

967 
1,622 
2,422 
1,834 

666 
1,299 

760 


2,006 
2,374 
2,926 


1,167 
117 


2,692 

5,415 

318 

471 


1,255 

876 

381 

544 

1,302 

1,289 

1,433 

957 

187 


320 
237 

1,087 
621 
809 
882 

1,128 
794 
2:iO 
712 
285 
789 

3,017 


551 

2,104 

1,111 

1,372 

1,581 

781 

670 

610 


1,629 

2,320 

2,544 

1,755 

437 

1,041 

1,161 

3,662 

2,978 

180 

394 

1,188 

1,084 

988 

57 

395 

1,081 

454 

1,203 

74,398 

1,056 

2,913 

1,031 

6,092 

1,.'>91 

370 

2,463 

1,043 

1,099 

3,041 

871 

3,267 

792 

2,908 

2,102 

228 

1,370 

541 

1,530 

4,558 

1,146 

1,580 

2,567 

1,887 

595 

1,282 

549 

86 

2,272 

2,:«0 

2,831 

158 

1,305 

272 

68 

381 

102 

6,664 

6,520 

618 

582 

176 

370 

1,288 

721 

386 

660 

1,301 

1,367 

1,2.32 

1,198 

367 

414 

6.34 

301 

977 

759 

903 

944 

1,082 

472 

1,093 

472 

6v;3 

821 

3,179 

468 

845 

2,654 

1,375 

1,398 

1,841 

1,002 

843 

246 

462 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Farmington,  Kan.... 

Famiingtt)n,  Ky 

Farmington,  Ky 

Farmington,  Me 

Farmington,  Me 

Farmington,  Mich... 
Farmington,  Mich... 
Farmington,  Minn.., 
Farmington,  Minn... 

Farmington,  Mo 

Farmington,  N.H.... 
Farmington,  N.M.... 

Farniington,  N.Y 

Farniington,  N.C 

Farniington,  N.D 

Farmington,  0 

Farmington,  Pa 

Farmington,  Pa 

Farmington,  Pa 

Farmington,  S.D 

Farmington,  S.D 

Farmington,  S.D 

Farmington,  Utah... 
Farmington,  Wash.. 

Farmington,  Wis 

Farniington,  Wis 

Farmington,  Wis 

Farniington,  Wis 

Farmington,  Wis 

Farmland,  Ind 

Farm  Ridge.  Ill 

Farmville,  N.C 

Farmville,  N.C 

Farmville,  Va 

Farmville,  Va 

Farnliam,  Va 

Farnhamville,  Iowa, 

Farragut,  Iowa 

Farrierville,  Ala 

Farrington,  111 

Farris,  Ark 

Far  Rockaway,  N.Y, 

Farwell,  Mich 

Faucelt,  N.C 

Faucett,  N.C 

Faulk,  Ala 

Faulkner,  Ark 

FaulkUin,  S.D 

Faunsdale,  Ala 

Faunsdale,  Ala 

Fausse  Poiute,  La.... 

Favor,  Ala 

Fawn,  Pa. 

Fawn,  Pa 

Fawn  Creek,  Kan.,.. 

Fawn  Grove,  Pa 

Fawn  Lake,  Minn... 
Fawn  River,  Mich... 

Faxon,  Minn 

Fayette,  Ark 

Fayette,  III 

Fayette,  Ind 

Fayette,  Iowa 

Fayette,  Iowa 

Fayette,  Iowa 

Fayette,  Me 

Fayette,  Mich 

Favette,  Mo 

Fayette,  N.Y 

Fayette,  0 

Fayette,  0 

Fayette,  Pa 

Fayette,  S.D 

Fayette,  Utah 

Fayette,  Wis 

Fayette  City,  Pa 

Fayetteville,  Ala 

Fayetteville,  Ala 

Fayetteville,  Ark 

Fayetteville,  Ga 

Fayetteville,  111 

Fayetteville,  111 

Fayetteville,  N.Y 

Fayetteville,  N.C 

Fayetteville,  Tenn... 

Fayetteville,  Tex 

Fayetteville,  W.  Va. 

Fayston,  Vt 

Fearing,  0 

Featherstone,  Minn, 
Federal  Point,  N.C, 
Federalsburg,  Md .,. 
Federalsburg,  Md,,., 

Felrh,  Mich 

Felicitv.  O 

Felix,  111 


Bank  of 
placf. 


township 

niag,-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

city 

precinct 

post-vill 

ward 

piecinct 

township 

township 

townshij) 

po8t-b(iro' 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

precinct 

post-prect 

city 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

district 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 


County. 


Washington 

Graves 

Graves 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Oakland 

Oakland 

Dakota 

Olmsted 

Saint  Francois.. 

Strafford 

San  Juan 

Ontario 

Davie 

Walsh 

Trumbull 

Clarion 

Tioga 

Warren 

Day 

Luke 

Sully 

Davis 

Whitman 

Jefferson 

La  Crosse 

Polk 

Washington 

Waupaca 

Randolph 

La  Salle 

Pitt 

Pitt 

Prince  Edward 
Prince  Edward 

Richmond 

Calhoun 

Fremont 

Bullock 

Jefferson 

Stone 

Queens 

Clare 

Alamance 

Halifax 

Barbour 

Polk 

Faulk 

Marengo 

Marengo 

Iberia.,. 

Tuscaloosa 

Alleghany 

York 

Montgomery.,.. 

York 

Todd 

Saint  Joseph,... 

Sibley 

Calhoun 

Livingston 

Vigo 

Decatur 

Fayette 

Linn 

Kennebec 

Hillsdale 

Howard 

Seneca 

Fulton, 

Lawrence,. 

Juniata 

Potter 

San  Pete 

Lafayette 

Fayette 

Fayette 

Talladega 

Washington 

Fayette 

Saint  Clair 

Stiint  Clair 

Onondaga 

Cumberland 

Lincoln , 

Fayette 

Fayette - 

Washington 

Washington 

Go<idhue 

New  Hanover,, 

Caroline 

Caroline , 

Iron 

('lermnnt 

Grundy., , 

103 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,692 

99 

3,353 

1,482 

1,840 

377 

688 

849 

608 

3,044 


1,078 
2,537 


1,152 

2,185 

995 

1,149 


1,073 

76 
2,039 
1,686 

968 
1,770 

764 

661 
1,128 
2,497 

111 
3,310 
2,058 
1,405 


380 

1,4(X) 

935 


521 
1,687 
2,479 
1,760 


3,298 


2,237 

6^8 

636 

1,6S5 

1,18-,^ 


702 

558 

199 

712 

1,935 

809 

995 

783 

7ti5 

2,125 

1,247 

3,316 

679 

2,308 

2,028 


278 
1,148 

867 
1,190 
1,712 
1,788 

138 


348 
1,556 
3,485 
2,104 


2,784 
638 

1,275 
9.')4 
441 

1,711 
338 


1,04; 

882 


699 

1,994 

89 

3,207 

1,243 

1,6;J9 

320 

657 

748 

1,394 

3,064 

336 

1,703 

2,546 

477 

1,226 

2,598 

907 

983 

344 

376 

60 

1,036 

418 

1,847 

1,810 

899 

1,.501 

1,087 

770 

1,110 

1,981 

140 

3,684 

2,404 

1,616 

137 

406 

1,217 

1,156 

653 

2,2x8 

584 

2,099 

2,120 

2,570 

219 

462 

3,020 

211 

2,.300 

473 

618 

1,647 

1,422 

199 

128 

6»2 

498 

138 

648 

1,792 

1,215 

1,062 

en 

649 

1,833 

2,247 

2,912 

890 

2,243 

1,755 

120 

151 

822 

931 

1,737 

2,234 

2,942 

380 

1,544 

312 

1,410 

4,222 

2,410 

269 

4,110 

5.33 

1,027 

874 

440 

2,191 

543 

414 

779 

1,7^ 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Kama  of  |>lac«  and 
•Ule. 


Vklis,  Io«nL........... 

IVII,  Pa. 

VelV>B,  cal... 

Peltun,  Del 

rrllxii,  Ga............. 

Feltun,  Um» ..^. 

VdIIuii,  Minn 

Vriiiine  UntKV,  Mo.. 

FeiiiH-r,  N.y 

Fcniiiinore,  WIs,...m 
Fviiiiiniore,  WU..... 

reniivillp,  Mich 

Vrnter,  Ark 

Venter,  Ark 

Feiituii,  III 

ITentoD,  Iowa. 

Feutun,  Mich 

Fenlon,  Mich 

Feiitoii,  Mino ».. 

Fentuii,  N.Y 

Fviilr«M8,  N.(' .M. 

Feiiliiiand,  Iiid 

Ferdinand,  Iiid 

Ferdinand,  Yt 

Fergus  Fulls,  Minn., 
Fergus  Falls, Minn.. 

Ferguson,  Ark 

Ferguson,  Pa. 

Ferguson,  Pa 

Fernianagli,  I'a 

Fernandez     de     Thus, 

N.M 

Fernandina,  Kla. 

Ferubank,  0 

Femdale,  Cal 

Fern  II  ill,  .tc,  Wash.... 

Fern  Leaf,  Ky 

Fern  Valley,  Iowa. 

Fernwooil,  III 

Fernwood,  Pa 

Fern  wood,  Wash 

FerrtlU.  N.C 

Ferris,  III 

Ferris,  Mich 

Ferris,  Tex 

Ferrisburg,  Vt. 

Ferron,  Utah 

Ferron,  Utah 

Ferry,  Jlich 

Ferry,  N.D 

Ferry  Canyon,  Ore 

Fertile,  Iowa 

Fertile,  Minn 

Fertile,  N.D 

Festus,  Mo 

Fetterman,  W.  Va 

Fetterninn,  W.  Va. 

Fidelity,  II! 

Fidelity,  N.D 

Field,  III 

Field,  N.D 

Field  Creek,  Mo 

Fieldon,  HI 

Fieldon,  Minn 

Fife  Uke,  Mich 

Fife  L«ke,  Mich 

Fifleld,  Wis 

Fifield,  Wla 

Fifth,  Ch 

Fifth,  Ga 

Filer,  Mich 

Flllev,  Neb 

Filley,  Neb 

Fillmore,  III 

Fillmore,  Iowa. 

Fillmore,  Ky 

Fillmore,  Mich 

Fillmore,  Minn 

Fillmore,  Mo 

Fillmore,  Mo 

Fillmore,  Utah 

Fincastle,  Va 

Ftiiclier,  Ga. 

Findlay,  O 

Flndlay,  O 

Fiiidlcy,  Pa. 

Findkv,  P»i. 

Fine.  N.Y 

Fine's  Creek.  N.C 

Finlayson,  Minn 

Finley,  Ind 

Finley,  Kan 

Finley,  Mo 

Finley,  Mo.„ 

Finley,  Mo 

Finley,  N.C 

.104 


Bank  of 
placa. 


townabtp 

township 

poat-town 

iwst-towu 

nil.-dist 

pual-vill 

poHt-twp 

post-twp 

pust-tuwn 

township 

IXMt-vill 

post-vitl 

township 

tiiwnship 

post-lwp 

poet-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

townvliip 

township 

post-Till 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

city 

post-Till 

post-town 

poatprect 

uiag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

|)08t-Till 

precinct 

poet-twp 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

poet-twp 

township 

precinct 

IKWt-twp 

post-twp 

township 

city 

mag.-dist 

IKist-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-prcct 

mag.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


Oountjr. 


Orandy 

I^ackawanua. . 
Sunia  Cruz.^.. 

Kent 

Haralson....... 

Haralaon 

Clay„...~ 

8alut  Charles. 

Bladison 

Grant 

Grant. 

Allegan 

Grant 

Hot  Spring...... 

Whiteside 

Koesutb 

Genesee 

Genesee 

Murray 

Broome. 

Guilford 

Dubois 

Dubois 

Essex 

Otter  Tail 

Otter  Tail 

Yell 

Centre , 

ClearBeld 

Juuiuta. 


Taos 

Nassau 

Hamilton 

Humboldt.... 

Pierce 

Mason 

Palo  Alto 

Cook 

Delaware 

Snohomish  ... 

N«sh 

Hancock 

Montcalm.... 

Kills 

Addison 

Emery 

Emery 

Oceana 

Grand  Forks. 

Gilliam 

Worth 

Polk 

Wiilsh 

Jefferson 

Taylor 

Taylor 

Jersey 

Bottineau 

Jefferson 

Nelson 

Henry 

Jersey 

Watonwan  ... 
Grand  Traverse 
Grand  Traverse 

Price 

Price 

Coweta 

Fayette 

Manistee 

Gage 

Gage 

Montgomery... 

Iowa 

Logan 

Allegan 

Fillmore 

Andrew 

Bollinger. 

Millard 

Botetourt 

Whitfield 

Hancock , 

Hancock 

Alleghany 

Mercer 

St.  Lawrence... 

Haywood 

Pine 

Scott 

Decatur 

Christian 

Douglas 

Webeter..„ 

McOowclL 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,023 
441 

271 
383 


2,401 

1,272 

1,126 

296 


279 
2,458 

762 

237 

3,807 

2,152 

36 

1,566 

9G8 
1,748 

600 

40 

1,914 

1,636 


1,817 

704 

1,114 


2,662 
178 


732 
170 


1,202 
182 

1,192 
106 

1,684 


2,162 

a58 

1,221 


1,184 


852 
298 
38:5 
974 


230 

64 

3,621 

1,83:} 

1,033 

304 


1,860 

1,164 

2,2.59 

2,346 

1,119 

297 

709 

987 

4,992 

613 

6,5,53 

4,0.3.1 

1,471 

1,609 

893 

1,463 


1,24« 

1,914 
719 
761 
846 


1,164 

269 

40:t 

1,038 

314 

232 

2,229 

1,040 

1,423 

616 

360 

382 

3,128 

736 

462 

3,667 

2,182 

222 

1,280 

984 

1,787 

627 

73 

479 

3,772 

1,324 

1,748 

981 

968 

978 

2,803 

367 

763 

2,804 

747 

413 

818 

619 

200 

1,690 

305 

1,314 

311 

1,601 

399 

270 

855 

471 

162 

901 

273 

664 

1,335 

2,495 

667 

1,080 

427 

1,161 

269 

767 

292 

487 

810 

394 

857 

640 

4,447 

1,931 

2,101 

911 

301 

2,a5i 

1,043 

1,926 

2,151 

875 

261 

767 

838 

6,233 

591 

18,553 

18,553 

1,711 

1,393 

1,207 

1,798 

121 

1,226 

2C5 

2,670 

1,278 

l,8tHi 

843 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Finner,  Oa. 

Fir,  wWi 

Firesteel,  S.D_ 

First,  Ga 

Firth,  Neb 

Fish  Bay,  Alnska.... 

Fish  Creek,  Ga 

Fish  Creek,  Mont.... 

Fish  Creek,  Neb , 

Fish  Dane,  S.C 

Fish-Eating  Creek,  Fla. 

Fisher,  Iowa 

Fisher,  Minn 

Fisher,  Minn 

Fiaher,  Nob 

Fish  Haven,  Idaho 

Fi8hliawk,0re 

Fish  Hook,  Wash 

Fishing  Creek,  N.C 

Fishing  Creek,  N.C 

Fishing  Creek,  Pa. 

Fishing  Bivcr,  Mo 

Fishing  River,  Mo 

Fishkill,  N.Y 

Fishkill,  N.Y 

Fishkill  ou   the   Ilud 

son,  N.Y 

Fish  Lake,  Minn 

Fish  Pond,  S.C 

Fitcliburg,  Mass 

Fltcliburg,  Wis 

Fitchville,  0 

Fitzgerald  Sch'l  House, 

Tenn 

Fitzpatrick,  Ala 

FitzwiUiam,  N.H 

Five  Creeks,  Kan 

Five  Mile,  Ala 

Five  Points,  Ala 

Five  Points,  Ala 

Five  Points,  Neb 

Flagatlokai,  Alaska. 

Flagg.Ill 

Flaggville,  La 

Flagler,  Col 

Fliig  Pond,  Tenn..... 

Flagstaff,  Ariz 

Flambeau,  Wis 

Flanagan,  III 

Flaudreau,  8.D , 

Flandreau,  S  D 

Flannigan,  III 

Flat  Branch,  III 

Flatbush,  N.Y 

Flat  Creek,  Ky 

Flat  Creek,  Ky 

Flat  Creek,  Mo 

Flat  Creek,  Mo 

Flat  Creek,  Mo 

Flat  Creek,  N.C 

Flat  Creek,  S  C 

Flat  Creek,  Va 

Flat  Gap,  Ky 

Flat  Gap,  Ky 

Flathead,  Mont 

Flathead,  Mont 

Flatlands,  N.Y 

*Iat  Lick,  Ky 

Flatonia,  Tex „.. 

Flat  Kiver,  N.C 

Flat  Rock,  Ala 

Flat  Rock,  III 

Flat  Kock,  Ind 

Flat  Rock,  Ky 

Flat  Rock,  Ky 

Flat  Rock,  Mich 

Flat  Rock,  N.C 

Flat  Rock,  0 

Flat  Bock,  S.C 

Flatwood,  Ga 

Flea  Hill,  N.C 

Fleener,  Ark 

Fleetwood,  Pa 

Fleming,  Col 

Fleming,  Ga 

Fleming,  N.M 

Fleming,  N.Y 

FleniingHburg,  Ky .. 
Flemingsburg,  Ky  .. 

Flemin;j;tou,  I'a 

Flemington,  W.  Va.. 

Fletchall,  Mo 

Fletcher,  Ark 

Fletcher,  Vt 

Fllnn,  Ind 

Flint,  Aia.  ......>....... 


Bank  of 
pUtce. 


mil.-dist 
post-town 
township 
mil.-dist 

{MMt-Viil 

hamlet 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-Till 

precinct 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-twp 

civil-dist 

|x)st-town 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

hamlet 

post-twp 

village 

po8t-i)rect 

civil-dist 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-Till 

township 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

city 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-diitt 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 


County. 


Jonea 

Skagit 

Aurora , 

Coweta 

Lancaster., 


Polk 

Jefferson 

Greeley 

Union 

De  Soto „. 

Fremont 

Polk 

Polk 

Chase 

Bear  Lake... 

Clatsop 

Franklii 

Granville  .„. 

Warren 

Columbia..., 

Clay 

Ray 

Dutchess .... 
Dutchess.... 


Dutchess... 

Chisago 

Barnwell... 
Worcester.. 

Dane 

Huron 


Gibflon 

Bullock... 
Cheshire., 

Clay 

Hale 

Elmore .... 

Henry 

Sioux 


Ogle 

Saint  Charles. 

Kit  Carson 

Unicoi 

Yavapai 

Chippewa 

Livingston 

Moody 

Moody 

Hamilton 

Shelby 

Kings 

Franklin 

Grant 

Barry 

Pettis 

Stone , 

Buncombe 

Lancaster 

Mecklenburg.. 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Gallatin 

Missoula 

Kings 

Knox 

Fayette 

Person 

liandolph 

Crawford 

Bartholomew.. 

Bourbon 

Metcalfe 

Wayne 

Henderson 

Henry 

Kershaw 

Floyd 

Cumberland.... 

Lee 

Berks. — 

Logan 

Jefferson 

Grant 

Cayuga 

Fleming 

Fleming 

Clinton 

Taylor 

Wi.rth 

Missisfippi 

Franklin 

Lawrence 

Morgan 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


3,407 
230 


1,266 


1,714 

"i','4ii 

68:) 
230 


49 


2,508 
1,482 
1,446 
2,865 
1,961 
10,732 
682 

2,.W3 
983 

1,504 

12,429 

978 

822 


1,187 

1,184 

691 

714 

928 


2,716 


767 
"251 


1,008 
7,6.34 


894 
1,4:)2 
1,217 

600 
1,521 
2,072 
2,851 
1,882 


3,127 
1,3:58 

m, 

1,295 
946 
140 
1,640 
1,373 
656 
373 


1,701 

5,346 

999 

2,964 

278 

802 


956 


1,23:5 

2,668 

811 


1,174 
1,380 


868 
927 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1880   AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Flint,  Ark 

Flint,  Ga 

Flint.  Ill  

Flint,  Mich 

Flint,  Mich 

Flint  Corner,  Ga 

Flint  Hill,  Ala 

Flint  Hill,  Ga 

Flint  Hill,  Ga 

Flint  River,  Iowa 

Flint  Stone,  Md „ 

Flintsville,  Ga 

Flippin,  Ky 

Flura,  III 

Flura,  111 

Flora,  Ind 

Flora,  Kan 

Flora,  Minn , 

Flora,  Miss 

Flora  Creek,  Ore , 

Floral  City,  Fla 

Florence,  Ala 

Florence,  Ala 

Florence,  Ariz 

Florence,  Cal 

Florence,  Col 

Florence,  Ga 

Florence,  III 

Florence,  111 

Florence,  III 

Florence,  Iowa 

Florence,  Kan 

Florence,  Ky 

Florence,  Mich 

Florence,  Minn 

Florence,  Neb 

Florence,  N.J 

Florence,  N.Y 

Florence,  0 

Florence,  0 

Florence,  Ore 

Florence,  S.C 

Florence,  S.C 

Florence,  SD 

Florence,  S.D 

Florence,  Tex 

Florence,  Wash 

Florence,  Wis 

Florence,  Wis 

Floresville,  Tex 

Florida,  Col 

Florida,  Ga 

Florida.  Ind 

Florida,  Mass.... 

Florida,  Minn 

Florida,  Mo 

Florida,  N.Y 

Florida,  0 

Florissant,  Col 

Florissant,  Col 

Flounce  Rock,  Ore 

Flour,  Minn 

Flovilla,  Ga 

FlowerHeld,  Mich 

Flower  Field,  Neb 

Flowery  Branch,  Ga. .. 
Flowery  Branch,  Ga... 

Floyd,  111 

Floyd,  Ind.. 

Floyd,  Iowa 

Floyd,  Iowa 

Floyd,  Iowa 

Floyd,  Iowa 

Floyd,  N.Y 

Floyd,  S.D 

Floyd,  Va 

Floyd  Mill,  Ala 

Floyds,  SC 

Floyds,  S.C 

Floydsburg,  Ky 

Floyd  Springs,  Ga 

Flushing,  Mich 

Flushing,  Mich 

Flushing,  N.Y 

Flushing,  N.Y 

Flushing,  0 

Flushing,  0 

Flynn,  Mich 

Flynn's  Lick,  Tenn 

Fogleman,  Ark.. 

Foldal,  Minn 

Folden,  Minn 

Folker,  Mo 

Fnlkston,  Ga 

Fotley,  Ore 

Folsoni,  Ga. 

8 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-twp 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

city 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

niil.-dixt 

mil.-dist 

township 

distiict 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

city 

post-town 

post-town 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

city 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

l)ost-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

P"St-town 

post-twp 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

township 

township 

niag.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

l)ost-vill 

township 

lX)8t-vi)l 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 


County. 


Benton 

Upson 

Pike 

Genesee. 

Genesee 

Carroll 

Coosa 

Fannin 

Talbot 

Morris 

Alleghany 

Franklin 

Monroe 

Boone 

Clay 

Carroll 

Dickinson 

Renville 

Madison 

Curry 

Citrus 

Lauderdale 

Lauderdale 

Pinal  

Los  Angeles 

Fremont 

Stewart 

Randolph 

Stephenson 

Will 

Benton 

Marion 

Boone 

Saint  Joseph.... 

Goodhue 

Douglas 

Burlington 

Oneida 

Krie 

Williams 

Lane 

Florence 

Florence 

Hamlin 

Hand 

Williamson 

Snohomish 

Florence 

Florence  

Wilson ; 

La  Plata 

Quitman 

Parke 

Berkshire 

Yellow  Med 

Monroe 

Montgomery.. 

Henry 

El  Paso 

Kl  Paso 

Jackson 

Norman 

ButU 

Saint  Joseph.... 

Banner. 

Hall 

Hall 

Warren „... 

Putnam 

Floyd 

O'Brien 

Sioux 

Woodbury 

Oneida 

Sanborn 

Scott 

Lee 

Horry 

NeVberry 

Oldham 

Floyd 

Genesee 

Genesee 

Queens 

Queens 

Belmont 

Belmont 

Sanilac 

Jackson 

Crittenden 

Mai-shall.... 

Otter  Tail 

Clark 

Charlton 

Tillamook 

Lowndes.... 


FopulatioQ. 


1,1.30 
2,:M0 

424 
1,395 
8,409 


408 
467 
1,189 
1,309 
1,.531 
1,159 


1,012 

1,494 

224 

388 

602 


137 


1,3.59 
902 


1,911 

761 

1,195 

847 

1,267 

954 

1,518 

899 

977 

564 

1,528 

2,073 

1,3311 

2,228 


3,082 
1,914 


461 

1,944 

459 

155 


3,249 
245 


1,438 


975 

289 

1,062 

1,1.52 

1,014 

1,098 

438 

194 

1,115 


1,486 
1,0.51 
1,270 
2,830 

600 
1,317 
2,192 

690 
15,906 
6,683 
1,705 

3:54 

526 


240 


74 

1,022 

734 


1,233 
1,371 
345 
1,330 
9,803 

m) 

372 

656 

1,029 

2,188 

1,524 

1,367 

266 

809 

1,695 

6:59 

684 

734 

228 

34G 

87 

8,310 

6,012 

1,486 

7.50 

732 

1,672 

082 

1,044 

774 

1,233 

1,229 

1,440 

791 

900 

l,3f,7 

1,922 

1,489 

1,145 

2,438 

444 

6,224 

3,395 

132 

156 

263 

295 

1,709 

444 

913 

3.51 

518 

3,170 

436 

189 

124 

2,296 

288 

762 

439 

143 

653 

422 

1,184 

118 

1,113 

350 

841 

1,044 

979 

2,108 

992 

475 

920 

238 

1,949 

1,119 

1,704 

2,6.51 

668 

922 

2,444 

905 

19,803 

8,463 

2,142 

528 

889 

44 

767 

290 

436 

959 

6tX) 

90 

808 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Folsom,  Minn 

Folsom,  N.M 

Folsom  City,  Cal 

Fonda,  Iowa 

Fonda,  N.Y 

Fond  (iu  Lac,  111 

Fond  du  Lac,  Minn 

Fond  (Iu  Lac,  Minn 

Fond  du  Lac,  Wis 

Fond  du  Lac,  Wis 

Fontana,  Kai 

Fontanelle,  Iowa 

Fontarielle,  Neb 

Fontanet,  Ind 

Foot,  Kan 

Foot  Creek,  Ore i 

Forbes,  Col 

Forbes,  Mo 

Forbes,  Ac,  S.D 

Forbush,  N.C 

Ford,  Kan 

Ford,  Kan 

Ford,  Ky 

Ford,  Neb 

Ford,  N.D 

Ford  City,  Pa 

Fordham,  S.D 

Ford  River,  Mich 

Fonl's  Ferry,  Ky 

Fordsville,  Ky 

Fordsville,  .Ky 

Fordyco,  Ark 

Fordyce,  Ark 

Forest,  Cal 

Forest,  Ga 

Forest,  Ind 

Forest,  Iowa 

Forest,  Mich 

Forest,  Mich 

Forest,  Mich 

Forest,  Minn 

Forest,  Miss 

Forest,  0 

Forest,  Va 

Forest,  Wis 

Forest,  Wis 

Forest,  Wis 

Forest,  Wis 

Forestburg,  N.Y 

Forest  City,  Cal 

Forest  City,  111 

Forest  City,  Xowa„ 

Forest  City,  Iowa 

Forest  City,  Me 

Forest  City,  Minn 

Forest  City,  Mo 

Forest  City,  Neb 

Forest  City,  NC 

Forest  City,  Pa 

Forest  City,  S.D 

Forester,  Mich 

Forest  Grove,  Ore 

Forest  Grove.  Ore 

Forest  Hill,  Cal 

Forest  Hill,  Ind 

Forest  Hill,  VV.  Va 

Forest  Home,  Mich 

Forest  I.Ake,  Minn 

Forest  Lake,  Pa 

Foreston,  Minn 

Foreston.  S.C 

Forestport,  N.Y 

Forest  Prairie,  Minn.. 

Forest  River,  N.D 

Forestvllle,  (ja 

Forestville,  Minn. 

Forestvllle,  NY 

Forestville,  Wis 

Fork,  Ga 

Fork,  Ga 

Fork,  Ga 

Fork,  Ga 

Fork,  Ky 

Fork,  Md 

Fork,  Mich 

Fork,  N.C 

Fork,  N  C 

Fork,  S.C 

Fork,  Va 

Forkland,  Ala 

Fork  Lick,  W.  Va 

Fork  of  Sepulga,  Ala.. 

Forks,  Ky 

Forks,  Pa 

Forks,  Pa 

Forks  of  Elkhorn,  Ky. 


Rank  of 

place. 


township 

post-jirect 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dlst 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

p08t-to»n 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

poet-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

IK>st-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

district 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

mag-dist 


County. 


Trnverse 

Colfax 

Sacriimeiito 

Pocahontas 

Montgomery... 

Tazewell /... 

St  Louis 

St.  Louis 

Fond  du  Lhc  .. 
Fond  du  Lac... 

Miami 

Adair 

Washington.... 

Vigo 

Gray 

Jackson 

Las  Animas.;.. 

Holt  

Charles  Mix.... 

Yadkin 

Ford 

Ford 

Clark 

Scott's  Bluff..... 

Nelson 

Armstrong 

Clark 

Delta 

Crittenden 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Dallas 

Dallas 

Sierra 

Echols 

Clinton 

Winnebago 

Cheboygan 

Genesee 

Missaukee 

Rice 

Scott 

Hanlin 

Bedford 

Fond  du  Lac 

Richland 

Saint  Croix 

Vernon 

Sullivan 

Sierra 

Mason 

Howard 

Winnebago 

Washington.... 

Meeker 

Holt 

Sarpy 

Rutherford 

Susquehanna.. 

Potter , 

Sanilac 

Washington.... 
Washington.... 

Placer 

Decatur 

Summers 

Antrim 

Washington.... 
Susquehanna.... 

MilleLacs 

Clarendon 

Oneida 

Meeker 

Walsh 

Floyd.. 

Fillmore 

Chautauqua 

Poor 

Habeisham 

Hall 

Madison 

Putnam 

Edmonson 

Poixhester 

Mecosta 

Warren 

Wavne 

.\iider8on 

Warren 

Greene 

Webster 

Conecuh 

Estill , 

Northampton.., 

Sullivan 

Franklin 

10& 


Populatiui)> 


1880.      1890. 


168 
944 
770 
150 
200 
1,354 
13,094 
174 
563 
708 


1,009 
Ti'.'iu 


814 
1,061 
3,333 


1,18 
397 


1,598 


1,882 
50 
853 


987 
4,008 
1,388 

950 


1,068 
620 
925 
968 
688 


940 
942 
647 
688 
109 
1,30(1 
201 
233 
99U 


1,358 
506 


529 

874 

724 

1,042 

389 

763 

816 

5B7 

761 

1,820 

343 

1,187 

1,656 

2,056 

1,006 

3,421 

1,083 

963 

1,706 

1,382 

904 

1,386 


175 
377 

699 
625 

1,19« 
(•64 
62.'} 
525 

1,12B 
12,024 
25S 
830 
803 
521 
2.51 
110 
319 

1,00« 
090 

1,565 
467 
148 
381 
117 
140 

1,255 
118 
837 

1,063 

5,005 
281 

l,79i 
980 
604 
426 

1,608 

1,696 
161 

1,69« 
193 
82-2 
547 

1,126 

4,041 

1,311 

1,151 
190 

1,055 
714 
238 
888 

1,032 
895 
287 
649 
428 

1,003 
419 

2,319' 
222 
93:1 

1,268 
668 
650 
124 

1,356 
548 
636 
907 
287 
2j<2 

],.519 
814 
586 
771 
765 
788 

1,361 
494 
095 
798 
706 
845 

1,787 
670 

1,191 

1,603 

2.300 

1,218 

3,:»o 
1,416 

921 
1,129 
1,189 

780 
1,662 


OTTIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHBB  MINOR  CIVIL  ©lYlSIONS  OP  THE  UNITED  STATESi 


CENSUS,  RBTUBN3  OF   1880  A»I>  1800  COMPARED. 


Hun*  of  pUoe  •nd 


iVrlii  of  8«n<ljr  B'r.Ky. 

fteknUiii,  !>• 

FurkavilU.,  Pa 

fVMrk  I'liiwn.V*. ^.. 

Fonnitii,  N.D 

Vornmii,  N.D 

f^mey,  Trx 

l^nipy'i  Creek,  N.C.... 

VUrrret,  III 

rormt.  III 

ftorrvst  City,  Ark 

yvirreitter,  Kan 

Itorreiter  Creelc,  Ky 

yorreatun,  III 

^torreaton,  III 

|X>raytli,Oa „ 

For«ytli,  Ua 

Itoniyth,  Mloh 

rtorMyth,  Mont 

Fort  Ann,  N.Y 

Ftort  Apaclip,  Ariz 

Fort  AMiimboine.MoDt 
Furt  Atkiii8<.>n,  luwa,... 

Fort  Atkinxon,  Wii 

Fort  ItiinetiKer,  Fta 

Fort  IlBvard,  N.M 

Fort  n*Minctt,  S.U 

FV)rt  Kenton,  Mont 

Fort  Itrapir,  Cul 

Fort  ItfHnch,  Ind 

Fort  IJiidger,  Wyo 

Fort  Brook.  Fla. 

Fort  Hrowder,  Ala 

Fort  Calhoun,  Neb 

Fort  Cliiswrll,  Va. 

Fort  Clark,  Tex 

Fort  Collina,  Col 

Fort  CoTington,  N.Y.... 
Fort  Covington,  N.Y.. 

Fort  Custer,  Mont  

Fort  D.A.  Hussell.Wyo 

Fort  Deposit,  Ala 

Fort  De|)08it,  Ala 

Fort  D..ane,  ¥U 

Fort  Dodge,  Iowh 

Fort  Duchesne,  Utah.... 

Fort  EdwHrd,  N.Y 

Fort  Frtirfield,  Me 

Fort  Ouines,  Ga 

Fort  George,  Fla 

Fort  Grant,  Arij! 

Fort  Gr«tiot,  Mich. 

Fort  Gratiot,  Mich 

Fort  Green,  Fla 

Fort  llan»ilton,  N.Y 

Fort  Ilarriman,  Utah... 

Fort  Howard,  Wis 

Fort  lluiichura,  Arix.,.. 

Forlier,  Minn 

Fort  Jennings,  0 

Fort  .lones,  Cal 

Fort  Kent,  Me 

Fort  Keogh,  Mont 

Fort  liCivis,  Col_ 

Fort  Ix)well,  Ariz 

Fort  Lupton,  Col 

Fort  l.uptou,  Col 

Fort  McKinney,  Wyo.. 
Fort  Madison,  Iowa..... 

I'ort  Mason,  Kla. 

BVurt  Meade,  Fla. 

I*ort  Meade,  S.D 

Fort  Mill,  SC 

Fort  Mill,  S.C 

Fort  Missoula,  Mont.... 

Kort  Morgan,  Col 

Fort  Morgan,  Col 

Fort  M..tte,  S  C 

Fort  Myers,  Fla 

Fort  Myera,  Fla 

Fort  Ogden,  Fla 

Fort  C)!>age,  Mo.„ 

Fort  I'ayne,  Ala. 

Fort  Payne,  Ala 

Fort  Perry,  Ga 

Fort  Pierre,  S.D 

Fort  Plain.  N.Y 

Furt  lUnsom,  N.D 

Foit  Uecovery,  0 

Fort  Reed.  Fla 

Fortie-B  ftlonroe,  Va.... 

Fort  Kussell,  III 

Fort  .San  Carlos,  Ariz... 

Ftirt  Scott,  Kan.. 

Fort  Shaw,  Mont 

Furt  Sheridan,  III 

106 


R*nk  of 
place. 


pr«cit«ct 

IMiat-twp 

podt-lxiro' 

nuu(.-<li*t 

towiwiiip 

poot-vill 

IHXt-lown 

|iual-twp 

township 

IKNt-rill 

INMt-town 

|HMt-tWp 

uug.-di«t 

township 

post-Till 

mil.-dist 

post'Vill 

JKist-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

|>08trtown 

post  town 

post- V  ill 

city 

precinct 

post-town 

[Kist-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

jKJSt-town 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

mag.-dirit 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

|)ost-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

city 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-prect 

post-vill 

precinct 

city 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-prect 

village 

precinct 

post-vill 

prxt-town 

city 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

village 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

l>ost-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

city 

township 

post-Till 


Oonpty. 


Hka 

Wyoming 

Sullivan 

Fluvanna 

8argeut 

Sargeut 

Kaiifmau 

Swain 

Livingston  ... 
Livingston  ... 
faint  Francis 

Nes» 

Harlan 

Ogle , 

Ogle , 

Monroe. 

Monroe......... 

Marquette 

Custer 

Washington 

Apache 

Cboteau 

Winneshiek 

JeiTerson 

De  Solo 

Grant 

Stanley 

Choteau 

Mendocino 

Gilison 

Uintah 

Hillsborough.... 

Uarliour 

Washington 

Wythe 

Kinney 

I>arinier 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Custer 

Laramie 

Lowndes 

Lowudes 

Lee 

Webster 

Uintah 

Washington 

Aroostook 

Clav 

Duval 

Graham 

Saint  Clair 

SaiiitCIair 

DeSoto..... 

Kingfi 

Salt  Lake 

Brown 

Cochise 

Yellow  Med 

Putnam 

Siskiyou 

Aroostook 

Custer 

La  Plata 

Pima 

W.-ld 

Weld 

Juhnson.. ........ 

Lee.„ 

Lake 

Polk... 

Meade 

York 

York 

Missoula 

Morgan 

Morgan „. 

Orangeburg 

Lee 

Le<' 

DeSoto 

Ja<:k£on 

De  Kalb 

DeKalb 

Marion 

Stanliy 

Montgomery.... 

Ransom 

Mercer 

Orange 

Elizabeth  City 

Madison 

Gila 

Bourbon.... 

Castade 

Lake 


Population. 


9(iR 
784 

3,U4U 


317 

M2 

1,29.^ 

357 

9(ia 


2,374 
1,1()8 
1,898 
1,105 
•in 


3,263 


4dO 

435 

1,9C9 


1,618 


3,214 

859 

2,301 

1,(J30 

1,360 

2,424 

931 

739 

6(18 

2,230 

350 


3,.586 


4,G8U 

2,807 

8(i7 


243 

622 

1,2!J0 


■342 
3,083 


66 
164 


1,.512 
600 


279 
4,679 


2,834 
21K) 


2,207 


817 

287 

2,443 


1,4U 


5,:iU 


l,l-37 
761 
191 

3,o:i3 

329 
178 
811 
9ii6 

1,891 
1,021 

1,021 
187 
394 

2,217 

1,118 

1,681 
920 
270 
308 

2,69« 
413 
660 
480 

2,283 
181 
609 
245 
624 
945 
748 
295 
448 

2,22:1 

1,187 

2,847 
821 

2,011 

2,207 
870 
582 
6'i3 

2,573 
618 
21 

4,871 
470 

4,424 

3,52<i 

1,097 

86 

498 

774 

2,8.32 
66:t 

2,617 
221 

4,754 
296 
1<M 
286 
206 

1,826 
614 
749 
64") 
802 
113 
291 

7,901 
292 
207 
576 

3,244 
689 
271 
8(0 
488 
279 
628 
575 
352 

2.441 

3,510 

2,698 
353 
360 

2,81)4 
402 

1,186 
298 
741 

1,284 

;t44 

11,946 

275 

461 


Vune  of  pla«e  and 
■tat*. 


Fort  Smith,  Ark 

Fort  Snelling,  Minn... 

Fort  Spring,  W.  Va 

Fort  Stanton,  N.M 

Fort  Sully,  S.D , 

Foi't  Sumner,  N.M 

Kort  Susan,  Wa«h_ 

Fort  Thompson,  Fla..... 
Fort  Tongas,  Alaska.... 

Fort  Totten,  N.D 

Fort;l'nion.  N.M 

Fort  Valley,  Ga , 

Fort  Valley,  Ga , 

Fortville,  Iiid 

Fort  Wayne,  Ind 

Fort  White,  Fla 

Fort  Wiugate,  N.M 

Fort  Winnebago,  Wis.. 

Fort  Worth.  Tex 

Fort  Yates,  *c ,  N.D.... 

Forty  Fort,  Pa 

Forward,  Pa. 

Forward,  I*a 

Fossil,  Ore 

Fosston,  Minn 

FosHum.  Minn 

Foster,  Ga. 

Foster,  III 

Foster,  Ky 

Foster,  Mich 

FoKter,  Minn 

Foster,  Mo 

Foster,  Neb 

Foster,  Ore 

Foster,  Pa 

Foster,  Ph 

Foster,  Pa. 

Foster,  RI 

Foster,  S.D 

Foster  Bar,  Cal 

Kosterburg,  III 

Fosteiburg.  Ill 

Foster's  Mills,  Ga 

Foster  Store,  Ala 

Fostoria,  0 

Fountain,  Col 

Fountain.  Kan 

Fountain,  Mian 

Fountain,  Minn 

Fountain,  S.D....". 

Fountain,  Wis 

Fountain,  Wis 

Fountain  BInff,  III 

Fountain  City,  Ind 

Fountain  Creek,  III 

Fountain  Green,  III 

Fountain  Grt-en,  Utah. 
Fountain  Green,  Utah.. 

Fountain  Inn,  S.C 

Fountain  Prairie,Minn 
Fountain  Prairie,  Wis... 

Fourclie,  Ark 

Fourrbee,  5Io 

Fourche  Lafave,  Ark... 

Four  Mile,  Col 

F-.ur  Mile,  *c..  Col 

Four  Mile,  Idaho 

Four  Mile,  III 

Four  Mile,  Iowa. 

Four  Mile,  Kan. 

Four  Mile,  Neb 

Four  Mile,  S.C 

Four  Oaks,  N.C 

Fourth,  Ga 

Fourth,  Ga 

Fowler,  Ind 

Fowler,  Kan 

Fowler,  Mich. 

Fi.wler,  N.Y 

Fowler.  0 

Fowl  River,  Ala 

Fowlstown,  Ga 

Fox,  III 

Fox,  III 

Fox,  Iowa. 

Fox,  0 „ 

Fox,  Ore 

Fox,  Pa 

Fox,  Pa 

Foxixirough,  Mass 

Foxliurg,  Pa 

F<ix  Creek,  Ala 

Fox  Creek,  Ala 

Fox  Creek,  Mo 

Fox  Creek,  Neb 

Foxcrof t.  Me 


Rank  of 
place. 


city 

post-vill 

inag.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

hamlet 

post-vill 

township 

mil.-dist 

|H«t-Vill 

i>obt-town 

city 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

city 

|>08t-VilI 

post-l)oro' 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-twp 

mil.-diit 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

township 

towiutliip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

preciuct 

city 

post  prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

village 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

poSt-tr)Wn 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

pre<'incc 

precinct 

|irecinct 

townsliip 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

poHt-twp 

post-vill 

post-lown 

post-twp 

preeinct 

mil.-di^t 

township 

IKjst  twp 

township 

township 

po8t-|>recl 

townxliip 

township 

l)0!<t-fOWll 

l>ost-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

townHhip 

precinct 

post-town 


Couoty. 


8«hMllan..„ 
Hennepin-. 
Greenbrier.. 

Lincoln. 

Sully 

Guadaloupe. 
SnohoDiish.. 
Lee 


Benson.. 

Mora 

Houston „ 

Houston 

Hancock. 

Allen 

Columbia. 

Bermillllo 

Columbia 

Tarrant 

Boreraan~ 

Luzerne..„ 

Alleghany 

Butler 

Gilliam 

Polk 

Norman........ . 

Greene 

Marion 

Bracken 

Ogemaw 

Faribault. 

Bates 

Pierce 

Umatilla. 

Luzerne 

McKean 

Schuylkill 

Providence 

BeatUe 

Yuba 

Mailiboii 

Madison 

Floyd 

Tnscaloosa 

Seneca 

El  Paso 

Ottawa ; 

Fillmore 

Fillmore 

Edmunds 

Bnflalo 

Juneau 

Jackson 

Wayne 

Iro<iuoi8...„ 

Hancock 

San  Pete 

San  Pete 

Greenville 

Pipe  Stone 

Columbia. 

Pulaski 

Ripley , 

IVrry 

El  Paso 

Routt 

Latah 

Wayne , 

Polk 

Morris , 

Otoe 

Biirnwell , 

Johnston 

(-'oweta 

Fayette 

Benton 

Meade........ 

Clinton 

St.  Ijiwrence.... 

Trumbull 

Mobile. 

Decatur 

Jasper 

Kendall 

Black  Hawk 

Carroll 

Grant 

Elk 

Sullivan 

Norfolk 

Clarion 

Clay 

Randolph 

ilarri>on 

Lincoln ».. 

Piscataquis 


Population. 


1880.      1800, 


3.009 

a'>2 

1.530 
118 


164 

4,031 

1,277 

634 

26,880 


669 
6,663 


478 
1,740 
1,133 


606 
656 
886 
1,196 
200 
406 


5,1 1  (i 

5,373 

690 

1,552 


408 

1,6.52 

130 


1,273 
3,569 


829 
9:i2 
266 


063 
815 
446 
471 
799 


157 
1,30( 
966 
2:10 
690 


1,982 
522 


671 
1,072 


1,500 
95' 
907 


321 

1,.5!»0 
861 
67^ 


781 
1,251 

9:{0 
1,275 


2,2.->6 
661 

2,!t.')0 
614 

1,070 
748 
990 
32 

1,20:5 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890   COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Pox  Inland,  Wash 

Fox  Lake,  Minn 

Fox  Lake,  Wis 

Fox  Lake,  Wis 

Fox  Blills,  Ala 

Fox  Kiver.  Iowa 

Foxton,  S.D 

Foxtown,  Ky 

Fox  Valley,  Ore 

Fmckville,  Pa 

Fragrant  Hill,  Kan.... 

Fmiley,  Pa , 

Franiingliarii,  Mass.... 

FraniiiHH,  Minn 

Francestown,  N.II 

Fraiice^ville,  luil 

Francis,  Neb 

Francis,  Neb 

Francis,  N.D 

Francisco,  Va 

Franconia,  Ala 

Franconia,  Jlinn 

Franconia,  Minn 

Franconia,  N.H 

Franconia,  Pa , 

Frankenlust,  Mich 

Frankenniutli,  Blich.. 

Frankford,  Del 

Frankford,  Minn 

Frankford,  Mo , 

Frankford,  N.J 

Frankford,  Pa 

Frankfort,  Ala 

Frankfort,  III 

Frankfort,  111 

Frankfort,  111 

Frankfort,  I'nd 

Frankfort,  Iowa 

Frankfurt,  Kan 

l>aiikf..rt,  Ky 

Frankfort,  Ky 

Frankfort,  Me 

I'raiikrort,  Mich 

Frankfurt,  Minn 

Frankfort,  N.Y 

Frankf  .rt,  N.Y , 

Frankfort,  0 , 

Frankfort,  S.D 

Frankfort,  S.D , 

Frankfort,  W  Va 

Frankfort,  Wis 

Frankfort,  Wis , 

Frankfort  SpiingSj  Pa 

Franklin,  Ala 

Franklin,  Ark 

Franklin,  Ark 

Franklin,  Ark , 

Franklin,  Ark 

Franklin,  Ark , 

Franklin,  Ark , 

Franklin,  Ark 

Franklin,  Ark 

Franklin,  Ark , 

Franklin,  Ark 

Franklin,  Ark 

Franklin,  Cal 

Franklin,  Conn 

Franklin,  Ga 

Franklin,  fla 

Franklin,  Idaho 

Franklin,  III 

Franklin,  111 

Franklin,  III 

Franklin,  Ind , 

Franklin,  Ind 

Franklin,  Ind 

Franklin,  Ind 

Franklin,  Ind , 

Franklin,  Ind 

Franklin,  Ind 

Franklin,  Ind 

Franklin,  Ind 

Franklin.  In^l 

Fi-anklin,  Ind 

Fr.mklin,  Ind 

Franklin,  Ind , 

Franklin,  Ind 

Franklin,  Ind 

Franklin,  Ind 

Franklin,  Ind 

Franklin,  Ind 

Franklin,  Iowa 

Franklin,  Iowa 

Franklin,  Iowa 

Franklin,  Towa 

Franklin,  lewa 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct. 

township 

township 

mag.-ilist 

post-prect 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

township 

niag.-dist 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-lwp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

[lost-town 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

village 

city 

township 

post-twp 

nnig.-dist 

city 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

l)Ost  vill 

lK)st-vill 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Pierce.... 

Martin 

Dodge 

Dodge 

Wilcox 

Davis 

Clark 

Madison 

Linn 

Schuylkill 

Dickinson 

Schuylkill 

Middlesex 

Stevens 

Hillsborough.. 

Pulaski 

Holt 

Wheeler. , 

Burleigh 

Buckingham.. 

Pickens 

Chisago , 

Chisago , 

Grafton 

Montgomery.. 

Bay 

Saginaw 

Sussex 

Mower 

Pike 

Sussex 

Cumberland.... 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Will 

Will 

Clinton 

Montgomerj'... 

Marshall 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Waldo 

Benzie 

Wright 

Herkimer 

Herkimer 

Ross 

Spink 

Spink 

Mineral 

Marathon 

Pepin 

Beaver 

Macon 

Calhoun 

Carroll 

Desha  

Drew 

Grant 

Howard 

Izard 

Little  River.... 

Marion 

Stone 

Union 

Sacramento 

New  London.., 

Heard 

Heard 

Oneida 

De  Kalb 

Morgan ., 

Morgan 

DeKalb 

Floyd 

Grant 

Harrison 

Hendricks 

Henry 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Kosciusko 

Marion 

Montgomery... 

Owen 

I'nlaski 

Pntnam 

Randolph 

Ripley 

Washington.... 

Wayne 

Allamakee 

.\ppanoose 

Bremer 

Ca-ss 

Clarke 


Fopulatiou. 


172 
1,791 
965 
83(1 
762 


2,3(J9 
19-1 

1,707 
47" 

1,307 

2-17 
937 
3C8 


1,98,5 

1,749 

944 

l.-io 

550 
2,556 


1,691 

380 

741 

462 

1,682 

1,514 


1,554 
2,127 

332 
2,803 

817 


9,957 

6,958 

1,1.57 

782 

868 

3,025 

1,085 

548 


978 

1,849 

439 

186 

711 

915 

550 

849 

1,267 

1,606 

686 

1,466 

269 


1,278 

2,343 

316 

1,311 

798 

1,791 

1,664 

l,36:i 

1,516 

5,895 

3,116 

1,302 

2,609 

1,920 

1,407 

324 

1,458 

1,649 

1,872 

1,372 

1,428 

897 

775 

765 

952 

671 


120 

351 

1,616 

814 

951 

718 

365 

2,092 

288 

2,520 

669 

1,321 

9,239 

362 

837 

403 

175 

89 

63 

1,8.31 

1,947 

816 

252 

594 

2,258 

1,206 

1,815 

519 

539 

662 

1,459 

1,464 

825 

1,609 

1,648 

431 

5,919 

887 

1,0.53 

12,176 

7,892 

1,099 

1,175 

1,148 

3,988 

2,291 

667 

422 

186 

1,488 

331 

648 

180 

947 

606 

363 

1,272 

2,563 

503 

241 

676 

794 

664 

1,092 

950 

1,885 

585 

1,427 

250 

1,330 

1,441 

2,260 

578 

1,246 

771 

1,706 

1,602 

1,199 

1,330 

4,873 

3,781 

1,,540 

2,256 

1,935 

1,383 

462 

1,815 

1,745 

1,755 

1,313 

1,163 

8,50 

671 

748 

1,013 

614 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Franklin,  Iowa. 
Franklin,  Iowa. 
Franklin,  Iowa. 
Franklin,  Iowa.. 
Franklin,  Iowa. 
Franklin,  Iowa. 
Franklin,  Iowa. 
Franklin,  Iowa. 
Franklin,  Iowa. 
Franklin,  Iowa 
Franklin,  Iowa. 
Franklin,  Iowa., 
Franklin,  Kan.. 
Franklin,  Kan... 
Franklin,  Kan.. 
Franklin,  Kan.., 
Franklin,  Kan.., 
Franklin,  Kan.., 
Franklin,  Kan.., 
Franklin,  Kan.., 
Franklin,  Kan... 
Franklin,  Ky...., 

Franklin,  Ky 

Franklin,  La 

Franklin,  Me 

Franklin,  Md 

Franklin,  Md.... 
Franklin,  Mass.. 
Franklin,  Mich., 
Franklin,  Mich.. 
Franklin,  Mich., 
Franklin,  Minn., 
Franklin,  Minn., 
Franklin,  Mo  .... 

Franklin,  Mo 

Franklin,  Mo 

Fninklin,  Mo 

Franklin,  Mo 

Franklin,  Mo 

Franklin,  Mo 

Franklin,  Mo 

Franklin,  Neb... 
Franklin,  Neb..., 
Franklin,  Neb..., 
Franklin,  Neb.... 
Franklin,  Neb.... 
Franklin,  N.H... 
Franklin,  N.J.... 
Fninklin,  N.J.... 

Franklin,  N.J 

Franklin,  N.J.... 
Franklin,  N.J.... 
Franklin,  N.J.... 
Franklin,  N.Y..., 
Franklin,  N.Y..., 
Franklin,  N.Y... . 
Franklin,  N.C.... 
Franklin,  N.C.... 
Franklin,  N.C.... 
Franklin,  N.C.... 
Franklin,  N.C.... 

Franklin,  0 

Franklin,  0 , 

Franklin,  0 

Franklin,  0 

Franklin,  0 

Franklin,  0 

Franklin,  0 

Franklin,  0 

Franklin,  0 

Franklin,  0 

Franklin,  0 

Franklin,  0 

Franklin,  0 

Franklin,  O 

Franklin,  O 

Franklin,  0 

Franklin,  O 

Franklin,  0 

Franklin,  0 

Franklin,  0 

Franklin,  0 

Franklin,  0 

Franklin,  0 

Franklin,  Pa 

Franklin,  Pa 

Franklin,  Pa 

Franklin,  Pa 

Franklin,  Pa 

Franklin,  Pa 

Franklin,  Pa 

Franklin,  Pa 

Franklin,  Pa 

Franklin,  Pa 

Franklin,  Pa 

Franklin,  Pa 


Ba4)k  of 

place. 


township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

district 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

jirecinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

borough 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Decatur. 

Des  Moines... 

Greene 

Lee 

Linn 

Marion , 

Monona 

.VIonroe 

O'Brien 

Polk 

Story 

Washington.. 

Bourbon 

Edwards 

Franklin 

.lackson 

Lincoln 

Marshall 

Ness 

Trego 

Washington.. 

Simpson 

Simpson 

Saict  Mary... 

Hancock 

Baltimore 

Carroll 

Norfolk 

Clare 

Houghton 

Lenawee 

Renville 

Wright 

Dent 

Greene 

Grundy 

Howard 

Howard 

Laclede 

Miller 

Newton 

Butler 

Fillmore 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Richardson... 
Merrimack..., 

Bergen 

Essex 

Gloucester 

Hunterdon..., 

Somerset 

Warren 

Delaware 

Delaware 

Franklin 

Macon 

Macon 

Rowan 

Sampson 

Surry 

.\dam8 

Brown 

Clermont 

Columbiana.., 

Coshocton 

Darke 

Franklin 

Fulton 

Harrison 

.lackson 

Licking 

Mercer 

Monroe 

Morrow 

Portage..s 

Richland 

Ross 

Shelliy 

Summit 

Tuscarawas... 

Warren 

Warren 

Wayne 

Adams 

Alhghany 

Btaver 

Bradford 

Bntler 

Cambria 

Carbon 

Chester 

Columbia 

Erie 

Fayette 

Greene 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


706 

1,571 

700 

1,573 

2,758 

937 

1,545 

6.50 

452 

775 

998 

872 

1,5.38 

263 

942 

2,521 

354 

427 

634 


3,748 
1,686 
1,702 
1,102 
208 
2,225 
4,051 


2,987 
1,532 


1,598 
1,3.30 
1,451 
1,261 
1,938 
250 

9a3 

1,007 

1,767 

1,513 

540 


78 

677 
3,265 
2,206 
1,617 
2,480 
l,:«s 
3,818 
1,529 
2,907 

660 
1,184 
1,840 

207 
1,820 
1,774 

899 
1,541 
1,165 
3,402 

869 
1,0.53 
1,871 
3,810 
1,207 
1,216 
1,502 

818 
1,015 
1,251 

967 
4,141 

967 
1,223 

999 
2,203 
1,166 
4,148 
2,385 
1,460 
2,499 

793 

739 

702 
1,047 

734 
1,741 

966 

543 
1,020 
1,373 
1,986 


IW 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS   RETURNS  OP   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED., 


Hum  of  ptate*  and 


rnaklln,  P«. 

IHiikllii,  P». 

riankliii,  Pa. 

ynnklln,  Pa. 

y^nuikliii.  Pa. 

rranklin,  Pa.„ 

Franklin,  Pn „.. 

riaiiklln,  Pa... ^ 

rranklin,  l>a. 

Franklin,  S.D 

Fjanklin,  S.D 

rranklin,  8.U... 

Franklin,  S.D..._ 

Xraukliu,  T«nn 

rranklin,  Tex 

rranklin,  Yt 

rranklin,  Va 

Franklin,  Ya 

rranklin,  WhsIi 

>-ranklin,  W.  Ya 

rranklin,  W.  Ytt. 

Franklin,  Wla. 

Franklin,  Wig 

Franklin,  Wi« 

Franklin,  Wia 

Franklin,  Wis 

Franklin,  Wig 

Franklin  Butte,  Ore  .... 
Franklin  Cvntre,  luwa 

Frauklin'Grovp,  III 

Fronkllntuu,  Ky 

Frauklintun,  La 

Frankliriton,  N.C 

Franklinton,  N.C 

Frankliiitown,  Pa 

Fraukllnville,  N.V 

Franklinville,  N.Y 

Franklinvilie,  N.C 

Franks,  Ark 

Fr.iukstown,  Pa 

Franktun,  Ind 

Frankton,  Ya. 

Fwnkiown,  Col 

Fraiikville,  Iowa 

Fraser,  Col 

rrager,  Mich 

Fraser,  Minn 

Freacr,  S.C 

Fiaze^'gburg,  0 

Frazier,  Ala 

Frederic,  Kan 

Frederic,  Mich 

Frederica,  Del 

Frederica,  Iowa 

Frederick,  III 

Frederick,  Md 

F>eil<Tick,  Md 

Frederick,  Mo 

Frederick,  Pa. 

Frederick,  S.D 

Frederick,  S.D 

Fred  e  ri  c  k  sbu  rg,  Ind.... 
Fredericksbnrg,  Iowa.. 
Fredericksburj;,  Iowa.. 

Frederiuk»l>urg,  0 

Frederiikghurg,  Pa 

Fredeiickgbnrg,  Tex.... 

FreUerlckgburg,  Va 

Fredericktowo,  Ky 

Fjrederirktown,  O 

Fredonia,  Ala 

Fredonia,  Iowa.„ 

Fredoiiia,  Kau 

Fredonia,  Ky 

Ffedonia,  Ky 

Fredonia,  Mich 

Fredonia,  N.Y 

rredonia.  Pa ..., 

Fredonia,  Tex 

Fredonia,  Wis 

Fttielxirn,  Minn 

rr<jet>orn,  Mino- 

l^»el>orn.  Mo 

rreeburg.  III 

rreeburg.  111 , 

rreebnrg,  Pa.„ 

Freedman,  Ya 

Freedom,  Ark , 

Freedom,  III , 

Freedom,  III 

Freedom,  Ind 

rreedom,  luwa 

Freedom,  Ii>wa.„ 

Freedom,  Kan 

Freedom,  Kan 

Freedom,  Kan 

108 


Bank  of 
|4ac«. 


township 

township 

township 

townghip 

towngbip 

cUy 

township 

township 

township 

township 

tuwusliip 

township 

post-1  wp 

poet-town 

pokt-town 

pogt-town 

mag.-digt 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

j)ost-biiro" 

township 

post-vill 

|>o8t-twp 

township 

I)08t-twp 

post-town 

mag.  -dist 

post-prect 

pi'St-twp 

post-pri'ct 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

|iogt-twp 

district 

city 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

IMJst-town 

township 

pcst-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

(lost-town 

city 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

pt>st-prect 

township 

city 

mag.-dist 

post-Till 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

village 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


OtMBtjr. 


Huntingdon.... 

Lucerne. 

Lycoming 

Snyder 

8u8<]uehHntia... 

Yenango 

Wnshlngton.... 
Westmoreland. 

York 

Campbell 

Hyde 

Jerauld 

Lake 

Williamson 

Robertson 

Franklin 

Southampton... 
Southampton... 

King 

Marshall 

Pendleton 

.lackson 

Kewaunee 

Manitowoc 

Milwaukee 

Sauk 

Yernon 

Linn 

Lee 

Lee 

Henry 

Washington.... 

Franklin 

Franklin 

York 

Cattaraugus.... 
Cattaraugus.... 

Randolph 

Saint  Francis.. 

Blair 

Madison 

Nortliampton... 

Douglas.. 

Winneshiek.... 

Grand 

Bay 

Martin 

Colleton 

Muskingum.... 

Crenshaw 

Rice 

Crawford 

Kent 

Bremer 

Schuyler 

Frederick. ...i.. 

Frederick 

Madison 

Montgomery... 

Brown 

Brown 

Washington.... 

Chickasaw 

Chickasaw 

Wayno 

Lebanon 

Gillespie 

Spottsylvania.. 
Washington.... 

Knox 

Chambers 

Plymouth 

Wilson 

Caldwell 

Caldwell 

Calhoun 

Chautauqua.... 

Mercer 

Mason 

O/aukee 

Freeborn 

Freeborn 

Dnnklin 

Saint  Clair 

Saint  Clair 

Snyder 

Alexandria 

Polk 

Carroll 

U  Salle 

Owen 

Hamilton 

Palo  Alto 

Bourbon 

Ellis 

Phillips 


Population. 


1880.      1890 


1,120 

6U3 

9U4 

1:141 

816 

6,010 

1,180 

1,704 

952 


i,oa2 

311 
1,439 
2,5.')2 

477 


1,878 

1,363 

631 

1,601 

1,875 

1,819 

1,010 

1,319 

446 

367 

730 

2,029 


3,001 
484 
2;J4 

1,982 
072 
044 

2,074 

1,753 
391 

2,624 


970 


300 

209 

1,708 

484 


171 

696 

614 

489 

12,231 

8,059 


1,944 


25.'> 

966 

202 

660 

585 

1,085 

5,010 

1,175 

850 

1,998 

375 

923 

1,810 

191 

l,(i97 

2,692 

323 


1,839 

414 

7 

1,663 


1,038 
523 


699 

781 

1,163 

237 


208 
1,159 


1,145 

621 

1,06:1 

1,144 

660 

6,221 

1,064 

1,754 

962 

170 

28 

406 

203 

2,260 

666 

1,300 

3,638 

875 

647 

1,979 

1,546 

626 

1,623 

1,830 

1,868 

1,044 

1,289 

762 

333 

736 

2,010 

97 

3,753 

583 

232 

2,224 

1,021 

1,978 

2,386 

1,.505 

520 

2,833 

369 

913 

167 

9.iO 

470 

1,295 

610 

615 

123 

260 

621 

641 

421 

10,498 

8,193 

917 

1,8.50 

573 

281 

211 

1,127 

321 

6U) 

612 

1,532 

4,628 

1,200 

847 

2,146 

680 

1,.515 

2,032 

249 

9.H 

3,399 

429 

273 

1,606 

515 

89 

1,860 

1,7.57 

848 

640 

338 

801 

682 

1,026 

286 

600 

337 

886 

311 

385 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Freedom,  Kan 

Freedom,  Me 

Freedom,  Md 

Freedom,  Mich 

Freedom,  Minn 

Freedom,  Mo 

Freedom,  Neb 

Freedom,  N.U 

Freedom,  N.Y 

Freedom,  O 

Freedom,  O 

Freedom,  O 

Freedom,  Pa 

Freedom,  Pa 

Freedom,  Pa 

Freedom,  Wis 

Freedom,  Wis 

Freehold,  N.J 

Freehold,  N.J 

Freehold,  Pa 

Frceland,  Col 

Freeland,  Minn 

Freelaud,  Pa 

Freeman,  Ark 

Freeman,  Ark 

Freeman,  Iowa 

Freeman,  Me 

Freeman,  Minn 

Freeman,  Mo 

Freeman,  N.C 

Freeman,  Wis 

Freeman  Creek,  W.  Va, 

Freeniansliurg,  Pa 

Freeman  Yal.,  &c  ,  Nob 

Freemont,  S.D 

Freeo,  Ark 

Freeport,  Fla.. 

Freeport,  III 

Freeport,  Kan 

Fr<e|X)rt,  Me 

Freeport,  Neb 

Freeport,  0 

Freeport,  0 

Freeport,  Pa 

Free  Soil,  Mich 

Free  Soil,  Mich 

Freetown,  La 

Freetown,  Mass 

Freetown,  N.Y 

Freeville,  N.Y 

Freidensburg,  Pa 

Frelinghuysen,  N  J 

Fremont,  C'al 

Fremont,  III 

Fremont,  Ind 

Fremont,  Ind 

Fremont,  Iowa 

Fremont,  Iowa 

Fremont,  Iowa 

Fremont,  Iowa 

Fremont.  Iowa 

Fremont,  Iowa 

Fremont,  Iowa 

Fremont,  Iowa 

Fremont,  Iowa 

Fremont,  Iowa 

Fremont,  Iowa 

Fremont,  Kan 

Fromont,  Mich 

Fremont,  Itlich 

Fremont,  Mich 

Fremont,  Mich 

Fremont,  Mich 

Fremont,  Minn 

Fremont,  Neb 

Fremont,  Neb 

Fremont,  N.H 

Fremont,  N.Y 

Fremont,  N.Y 

Fremont,  N.C 

Fremont,  N.D 

Fremont,  0 

Fremont,  S.D 

Fremont,  Utah , 

Fremont,  Wash 

Fremont,  Wis 

Fremont,  Wis 

Fremont,  Wis 

French,  Ark 

French,  Ind 

French  Broad,  NC 

Frenchliurg,  Ky , 

Frenchburp,  Ky 

French  Camps,  Miss 

French  Creek,  111 

French  Creek,  Iowa 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

IKwt'town 

district 

township 

post-twp 

township 

pi«clnct 

lH)»t-town 

|MlSt-tOWII 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

poht-twp 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dint 

post-boro' 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-prect 

city 

liost-vill 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

po8t-l)oro' 

township 

post-vill 

village 

post-town 

township 

|X)st-vill 

village 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

city 

precinct 

post-town 

townsliip 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

post-prect 

|x)8t-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-twp 


Coutktj. 


Republic 

Waldo 

Carroll 

Washtenaw 

Waseca 

lial'ayelte 

Hitchcock 

Carroll 

Cattaraugus.... 

Henry 

Portage 

Wood 

.\dam8 

Beaver 

Blair 

Outagamie 

Sauk 

Monmouth 

Monmouth 

Warren 

Clear  Creek.... 
I.ac-qul-Parle., 

Luzerne ., 

Pope 

Woodruff. 

Clay 

Franklin 

Freeborn 

Cass 

Franklin 

Crawford 

Lewis 

Northampton.. 

Greeley 

Moody 

Ouachita 

Walton 

Stephenson 

Harper 

Cumberland.... 

Banner 

Harrison 

Harrison 

Armstrong 

Mason 

Mason 

Saint  Charles.. 

Bristol 

Cortland 

Tompkins 

Berks 

Warren 

Snnta  Clara 

Lake 

Steuben 

Steuben 

Benton 

Bremer 

Buchanan....... 

Butler 

Cedar 

Clark 

Fayette 

Hamilton. 

Johnson 

Page 

Winneshiek..., 

Lyon 

Isabella 

Newaygo 

Saginaw 

Sanilac 

Tuscola 

Winona 

Doilgo , 

Wheeler 

Rockingham.., 

Steuben 

Sullivan 

Wayno 

Cavalier 

Sandusky 

Campbell 

Pi  Ute 

King ,... 

Clark 

Waupaca 

Waupaca 

Lafayette 

Adams 

Buncombe 

Menifee 

Menifee 

Choctaw 

Edwarils 

AUamukeo , 


Population. 


1880.     1800, 


682 

652 

3,164 

1,373 

989 

2,896 


714 

1,H12 

1,2.36 

804 

1,007 

644 

623 

1,228 

1,663 

l,:«2 

4,302 
2,432 
1,574 


179 
624 


664 


649 

772 

309 

1,978 

1,614 

3,306 

634 


624 

327 

8,516 


2,279 


1,319 
387 

1,614 
318 


1,329 
844 


379 

1,042 

2,103 

1,110 

1,344 

6:^2 

986 

888 

763 

791 

1,120 

670 

726 

65^ 

1,210 

1,105 

092 

912 

85( 

902 

484 

1,188 

1,117 

89: 

3,013 


024 
1,277 
2,02.5 

240 


8,440 
'""424 


2o:i 

879 
303 


1,032 

'r,382 
143 
420 

1,291 
761 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  aud 
state. 


Trench  Creek,  N.Y 

French  Creek,  N.C 

French  Creek,  Pa 

French  Creek,  Pa 

French  Gulch,  Cal 

French  Lake,  Minn 

French  Lick,  Ind 

Frenchman,  Neb 

Frenchtown,  Mich.; 

Frenclitown,  Mont 

Trenchfown,  Neb 

Trenchtown,  N.J 

-Frenchville,  Me 

■Freshwater,  N.D 

■Tresno.  Cal 

■Frewsburs,  N.Y 

Triar'a  I'mnt,  Miss 

Friberg,  Minn 

^ridley,  Minn 

Tridley,  Mont 

Triedensau,  Neb 

Triend,  Col 

'Friend,  Neb 

Friend,  Neb 

Friends  Creek,  111 

Friendship,  Ark 

Friendship,  Ga 

Friendsliip,  Ble 

FrlenilBhip,  Mich 

'Friendship,  Minn 

Friendship,  N.Y 

Friendship,  N.Y 

'Friendship,  N.C 

•Friendphip,  S.C 

Friendship,  Tenn 

Friendship,  Tenn , 

"Friendship,  Wis 

Jriendsville,  111 

:Friend8vllle,  Pa.. 

Frierson,  Ala 

Frisco,  Col 

Frisco,  N.M 

Frisco,  Okla 

Fristcie,  Mo 

Trogtown,  Ga 

Front  Creek,  Ala 

Fi"ontenac,  Knn 

Front  Roj'hI,  Va... 

Front  Royal,  Ya 

Frost,  Mich 

Frostburg.Md 

Frostburg,  Md 

Fri'Zen,  Ky 

Fruita,  Col 

fruit  Hill,  Ky 
ruitlund,  Iowa 

Pruitland,  Mich „. 

Fniifport,  Mich 

Jrnilville,  N.C 

Fryebnrg,  Jle 

Fryeburg,  Me 

Fugit,  Ind 

Fnldu,  Minn 

Fiilkeison,  Va 

Fuller,  SD 

Fuller  Cross  R'ds,  Ala 

Full«rlon,  Neb 

Fulton,  Ark 

Fulton,  Ark 

Fulton,  Ark 

Fulton,  III 

Fulton,  III 

Fulton,  Ind 

Fulton,  Iowa 

Fulton,  Iowa 

Fulton,  Kan , 

Fulton,  Ky.... , 

Fulton,  Ky , 

Fulton,  Mich , 

Fnlton,  Mo. 

Fulton,  Mo 

Fulton,  N.Y 

Fulton,  N.Y 

Fulton,  N.C 

Fulton,0 

Fnlton,  Ore 

Fulton,  Pa 

Fulton,  S.C 

Fulton,  Tenn 

Fulton,  Wis 

Fulton  Sta'n,  Ac,  Tenn 
Fulton  Station,  Tenn.. 

Fultonville,  N.Y 

Funks  Grove.  Ill 

Funkstown,  Md 

Funter  Bay,  Alaska.... 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-town 

township 

township 

township 

ix)sttwp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-boro' 

poet  town 

township 

city 

post-vill 

post- town 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-prect 

postprect 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

niil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

civil  dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

post-boro' 

precinct 

postprect 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

mtl.-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

mag. -d  1st 

post-vill 

township 

district 

post-vill 

mag. -dist 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

city 

post-vlU 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-twp 

civil-dist 

village 

post-vill 

township 

post-dist 

hamlet 


County. 


Chautauqua... 

Bladen.. 

Mercer 

Venango 

Shasta 

Wright 

Orange 

Hayes 

Monroe 

Missoula 

Antelope 

Hunterdon 

Aroostook ; 

Ramsey 

Fresno 

Chautauqua.. . 

Coahotna 

Otter  Tail 

Anoka 

Park 

Thayer 

Arapahoe 

.Saline 

Saline 

Macon 

Greene 

Hall 

Knox 

Emmet 

Yellow  Med.... 

Alleghany 

Alleyhany 

Guilford 

Clarendon 

Crockett 

Crockett 

Fond  du  Lac. 

Wabash 

Susquehanna.. 

Tuscaloosa 

Summit 

Socorro.... 

Canadian....... 

Benton 

Lumpkin 

Saint  Clair 

Crawford 

Warren 

Warren 

Clare 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Breathitt 

Mesa 

Christian 

Muscatine 

Muskegon 

Muskegon 

Currituck 

Oxford 

Oxford 

Decatur 

Murray 

Scott 

Codington 

Crenshaw 

Nance 

Fnllon 

Hempstead 

Polk 

Whiteside 

Whiteside 

Fountain.. 

Bluscatine 

Webster 

Bourbon 

Fulton 

Fulton 

Gratiot 

Callaway 

Callaway 

Oswego 

Schoharie 

Davie 

Fulton 

Multnomah.... 

Lancaster 

Clarendon 

Lauderdale... 

Rock 

Obion 

Obion 

Montgomery.. 

McLean 

Washington... 


Population. 


1,042 
1,372 
1,(193 
1,286 

.^89 
1,701 


2,485 


1,039 

2,288 


1,112 

538 
C76 
178 
257 


1,245 
5.55 

1,471 
530 


938 

405 

178 

2,127 

1,134 

1,321 

1,8(30 

1,221 

243 

1,013 

1,263 

170 

1,280 


1,313 

227 
1,140 


2,599 
829 
148 

4,007 


1,129 


1,218 


494 
880 
599 

1,633 
88 

1,740 
150 

2,087 


796 


59-.' 

374 

450 

1,994 

1,733 

1,145 

1,211 

226 

263 

1,538 

820 

1,403 

5,660 

2,409 

3,941 

2,683 

2,678 

1,559 

545 

1, 

1,1.15 

224 

1,375 

2,693 

284 

881 

819 

1,534 


1,0."-S 

1,494 

903 

1,187 

496 

1,189 

1,869 

178 

2,023 

616 

410 

1,023 

2,660 

146 

10,818 

570 

674 

574 

476 

75 

326 

190 

2,125 

1,347 

1,.5C1 

710 

417 

877 

305 

348 

2,210 

1,309 

1,351 

2,001 

957 

255 

860 

1,104 

139 

1,438 

100 

152 

327 

1,624 

104 

1,422 

600 

2,850 

868 

134 

3,505 

.3,804 

1,981 

470 

732 

789 

580 

1,440 

708 

1,418 

495 

1,005 

348 

2,635 

219 

1,141 

1,-I22 

916 

337 

551 

2,.390 

2,1199 

1,255 

1,039 

589 

506 

2,587 

1,818 

1,914 

6,577 

4,314 

4,214 

2,316 

],.550 

1,580 

1,.524 

1,828 

1,730 

134 

1,303 

3,484 

623 

1,122 

777 

1,281 

25 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Fnrman,  Ala 

Furr,  N.C 

Gaddistown,  Ga 

Gadsden,  Ala 

Gadsden,  Ala 

Gadsden,  Tenn 

Gadsden,  Tenn 

Gaffney  City,  S.C 

Giigen,  Wis 

Gagetown,  Mich 

Gage  Valley,  Neb 

Gahanna,  O 

Gnines,  Ga 

Gaines,  Mich 

Gaines,  Mich 

Gaines,  N.Y 

Gaines,  Pa 

Ghi  nesborough,  Tenn ... 

Gainesborough,  Va 

Gaines  Station,  Mich.... 

Gainestown,  Ala 

Gainesville,  Ala 

Gainesville,  Ala 

Gainesville,  Fla 

Gainesville,  Ga 

Gainesville,  Ga 

Gainesville,  &c.,  Ky 

Gainesville,  Miss 

Gainesville,  Mo 

Gainesville,  N.Y 

Gainesville,  Tex 

Gainesville,  Va... 

Gainsborough,  Ark. 

Gainsville,  Miss 

Gaiiher,  Ga 

Gaithersburg,  Md 

Galatea,  Col 

Gale,  Kan 

Gale,  Wis 

Galen,  N.Y 

Galena,  Col 

Galena,  Idaho 

Galena,  111 

Galena,  Ind 

Galena,  Kan 

Galena,  Md 

Galena,  Minn 

Galena,  Mo 

Galena,  Neb 

Galena,  Neb 

Galena,  S.D 

Gales,  Minn 

Gales.  S.D 

Galesburg,  111 

Galesburg,  III 

Galesburg,  Kan 

Galesburg,  Mich 

Galesburg,  N.D 

Gales  Creek,  Ore 

Galesville,  Wis 

Galice  Creek,  Ore 

Galien,  Mich 

Galien,  Mich 

Galilee,  Mich 

Gallon,  O 

Galisteo,  N.M 

Galivant's  Ferry,  S.C. .. 

Galla  Creek,  Ark 

Gallagher.  Pa 

Galla  Rock,  Ark 

Gallatia,  III 

Gallatia,  111 

Gallatin,  Mo 

Gallatin,  Mo 

Gallatin,  Mont 

Gallatin,  N.Y 

Gallatin,  Tenn 

Gallaway,  Tenn 

Galley  Kock,  Ark 

Gallina,  N.M 

Gallipolis,  O 

Gallipolis,  O 

Gallitzin,  Pa 

Gallitzin,  Pa 

Galloway,  Mo 

Galloway,  N.J 

Gallup.  N.M 

Gait,  Kan 

Gait,  Mo 

Galva,  III 

Galva,  111 

Galva,  Iowa 

Galva,  Kan 

Galveston,  Tex 

Galvin,  Mont 

Galway,  N.Y. 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-town 

township 

mil. dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

civil-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

precinct 

I)OSt-Till 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

city 

mil.-dist 

city 

mag.-dist 

post-beat 

post-town 

post-town 

city 

mag.-dist 

township 

beat 

mil  -dist 

district 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

city 

township 

city 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post  twp 

post-prect 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

township 

city 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

city 

precinct 

township 


;  County. 


Wilcox 

Stanly 

Union 

Ktowah 

Etowah 

Crockett 

Crockett 

Spartanburg 

Forest 

Tuscola 

Howard 

Franklin. 

Elbert 

Genesee 

Kent 

Orleans 

Tioga 

Jackson 

Frederick 

Genesee 

Clarke 

Sumter 

Snniter 

Alachua 

Hall 

Hall 

•Allen 

Hiincock 

Ozark 

Wyoming 

Cooke 

Prince  William 
Independence... 

Kemper 

Newton 

Montgomery.... 

Kiowa 

Marion 

Trempealeau ... 

Wayne 

Fremont 

Alturas 

Jo  Daviess 

La  Porte 

Cherokee 

Kent 

Martin 

.las  per 

Dixon 

Hayes 

Lawrence 

Redwood 

Aurora 

Knox 

Knox 

Kingman 

Kalamazoo 

Traill 

Washington 

Trempealeau ... 

Josephine.. 

Berrien 

Berrien 

Mauitou 

Crawford 

Santa  ¥6 

Horry 

Pope 

Clinton 

Pope 

Saline 

Saline 

Clay 

Daviess 

Gallatin 

Columbia 

Sumner 

Fayette.... 

Yell 

Rio  Arriba 

Gallia 

Gallia 

Cambria 

Cambria..... 

Christian 

Atlantic 

Bernalillo 

Rice 

Grundy 

Henry 

Henry 

Ida 

McPherson  

Galveston 

Jefferson 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,380 

471 

3,732 

1,097 

1,180 

231 

400 


235 

718 

1,782 

1,309 

2,:i38 

608 

352 

2,247 

344 

l,39!i 

2,495 

900 


3,007 
l,91'.i 
1,86(1 
1,295 

lf6 
1,787 
2,067 
2,488 
1,073 
2, 

559 


860 
1,786 
5,461 


6,451 
940 

1,403 
347 
188 

6,966 


748 

11,437 

351 


289 
410 


1,292 
413 
177 

6,635 


1,111 


385 

717 

1,874 

674 

2,772 

1,141 


1,252 

1,938 

91 

713 


6,227 

4,400 

437 

799 

776 

2,337 


3,0(0 

2,148 

320 

87 

22,248 


1,902 


109 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTII£R  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETUBNS  OF  1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


t  cf  place  Mtd 


G»lwi«jr,  NT 

G«iuall«l,  Ky 

0*nil>ier,  O 

Qanibier  Bay,  Ala«ka.. 

tiamble,  Pa. 

Candy,  Uvb. , 

Ganeyville,  Ga.„ 

Gan^re,  Uich 

Gaiiler,  III 

Giintt,  SC. 

Gap,  Ark 

Gap  Civil,  N.a 

a p  Spring!,  Ark- 
itUr,  N.D 

'O/uden,  Iowa. 

Sfirden,  Kan 

JQftnlen,  Knn 

|Q«rdcn,  Kan 

Oardeu,  Mioh 

Garden,  MKh 

Garden,  Minn 

Garden,  Va 

Garden  City,  Ala 

Garden  City,  Kan 

Garden  City,  Knn 

GHnlen  City,  Minn 

Garden  City,  Mo 

Garden  City,  Utah 

Garden  Grove,  Iowa 

Garden  Grove,  Iowa 

Garden  Plain,  III 

Garden  Plain,  Kan 

Garden  Prairie,  III 

Garden  Prairie,  S.D 

Garden  Valley,  Idaho.. 

Garden  Valley,  AVis 

Gardenville,  Md 

Gardl,  Ga 

Gardiner,  Col 

Gardiner,  Sle  

Gardiner,  Mont 

Gardiner,  N.Y 

Gardiner,  Ore 

Gardiner,  Ore 

Gardner,  III 

Gardner,  III 

Gardner,  Kan 

Gardner,  Kan 

Gardner,  Mass 

Gardner,  Neb 

Gardner,  N.C.. 

Gardner,  N.D 

Gardner,  Tenn 

Gardner,  Wig 

Gardner  Station,  Tenn. 

Garfield,  Ark 

Garfield,  Iowa 

Garfield,  Iowa 

Garfield,  luwa 

Garfield,  Iowa 

Garfield,  lows 

Garfield,  luwa 

Garfield,  Iowa 

Garfield,  Iowa 

Garfield,  Iowa 

Garfield,  Iowa 

Garfield,  Kan 

Garfield,  Kan 

Garfield,  Kan 

Garfield,  Kan 

Garfield,  Kan 

Garfield,  Kan 

Garfiel.l,  Kan 

Garfield,  Kan 

Giirfleld,  Kan 

Garfield,  Kau 

Garfl.ld,  Kan 

Garfield,  Ki.n 

Garfield,  Kan 

Garfield,  Kan 

Garfield,  Kan 

Garfield,  Mich 

Garfield,  Mich 

Garfield,  Mich 

Garfield,  Mich 

Garfield,  Mich 

Garfield,  Minn 

Garfield,  Minn 

Garfield,  Neb 

GarfieM,  Neb 

Garfield,  Neb 

Garfield,  Neb 

Garfield,  Neb 

Gai  field.  Neb 

Garfield,  Neb 

Gai^eld,  Neb.„ 

110 


Rank  of 


poat-vill 
niaK--<li<t 

tNMt*Vill 

hamlet 

township 

puit-prect 

mll.-diat 

poitt'twp 

townahip 

tow  null  ip 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post  vill 

township 

nia^'dist 

post-prect 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-town 

ix)8t-prect 

township 

post-vill 

po8t-t«;p 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-4li8t 

precinct 

city 

post-prect 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-twp 

civil-dist 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

tow  nship 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

tovtnsliip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

puetrprect 


County. 


Samtt^Ka.., 
Monroe.... 
Knux 


Lycoming 

Lugan 

Charlton 

Allegan 

Kankakee 

Greenville 

MoutKomery..., 

Alleghany 

Polk 

Pembina 

Booue 

Cherokee 

Harper 

Harvey 

Delta. 

Delia 

Polk 

Buchanan 

Blonut 

Finney 

Finney 

Blue  Earth 


Uich 

Decatur 

Decatur 

Whiteside 

Sedgwick 

Boone 

Brown 

BoU6 

Jackson 

Baltimore 

Wayne 

Huerfano 

Kennebec 

Park 

Ulster 

Douglas 

Douglas 

Grundy 

Sangamon 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Worcester 

Bufl^alo 

Wilson 

Cass.. 

Weakley 

Door 

Weakley 

Benton 

Calhoun 

Clay 

Hancock 

Ida 

Kossuth 

Lyon 

Mahaska 

Montgomery.... 

Plymouth 

Sioux 

Clay 

Decatur 

Dickinson 

Ellsworth 

Garfield 

Jackson 

Kiown 

Morris 

Norton 

Ottawa 

Pawnee 

RnsI 

Seward 

Smith 

Wabaunsee 

Bay 

Grand  Traverse 

Kalkaska 

Mackinac 

Newaygo 

Lac-qui-Parle... 

Polk 

Antelope 

Brown 

Buffalo 

Cuming.. 

Custer 

Keya  Paha 

Lancaster 

Lincoln 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


.187 


779 


631 
1,403 
1,391 
1,T32 

041 
l,fil2 

1U4 


920 
1,134 


1,623 


817 


161 
1,19() 

549 
1,119 

631 

140 


1,111 

449 
542 


4,439 


1,794 
676 


780 
1,24<1 
1,321 

;!03 
4,98« 


1,469 


289 

603 

1,280 


177 

1,25S 
G6<i 
8 
764 
636 
396 

1,477 

1,471 

1,879 
860 

1,729 
217 
71.-> 
912 

1,267 
297 
719 

1,267 
4nH 
6:)8 

2,299 
295 
603 

1,490 
774 
227 
249 

1,213 
654 

1,098 
751 
194 
571 
196 

^m 

324 
675 
290 

5,491 
117 

1,703 
828 
2v;9 

1,094 

1,249 

1,286 
615 

8,424 
648 

1,617 
291 
253 
805 

1,379 

1,024 
482 
227 
307 
668 
379 
442 

2,722 
697 

1,224 
265 
«18 
270 
506 
836 
112 

1,037 
121 
637 
350 
618 
389 
312 
71 
309 
716 
147 
843 
181 

1,090 

1,686 
149 
616 
342 
276 
958 
681 
£19 
5.36 
611 
207 


Kame  of  place  and 
•late. 


Garfield,  Neb 

Chi  field,  Neb 

Garfield,  Net 

Garfield,  Neb 

Garfield,  N.D. 

Garfield,  Ore 

Garfield,  Ore 

Garfield,  S.D 

Garfield.  S.D 

Garfield,  S.D 

Garfield,  S.D 

Garfield,  S.D 

Garfield,  8  D 

Garfield,  Wash 

Garfield,  Wis 

Garfield,  Wis 

Garibaldi,  Ore 

Garland,  Ala 

Garland,  Ark 

Garland,  Ark 

Garland,  Me 

Garland,  Tex 

Carman,  Neh 

Garnavillo,  Iowa 

Garner,  Ark 

Garner,  Ark 

Garner,  Iowa 

Garner,  Iowa 

Garner,  Miss 

Garner,  S.D 

Garnett,  Kan 

Garnettaville,  &c ,  Ky... 

Garo,  Col 

Garrard,  Ga 

Garretson,  S.D 

Garrett,  111 

fiarrett,  Ind 

Garrettsburg,  Ky 

Garrettsville,  0 

Garrison,  Iowa 

Garrison,  Minii 

Garrison,  Tex 

Garth,  Ala 

Garvanza,  Cal 

Garvin.  8.C 

Gary,  S.D 

Gascon,  N.M 

Gasconade,  Mo 

Gasconade,  Mo 

Gaskill,  Pa 

Gaslin,  Neb 

Gasper,  O 

Gassenvilln,  La 

Gaston,  Ala 

Gaston,  N.C 

Gastonia,  N.C 

Gaslonia,  N.C 

Gate  Creek,  Ore 

Gate  Rock,  Neb 

Gates,  Ala 

Gates,  N.Y 

Gates,  Tenn 

Gatoville,  N.C 

Gatesville,  N.C 

Gatesville,  Tex 

Gatewotid,  Mo 

Gatlinburg,  Tenn 

Gaunt,  Wash 

Gay,  Iowa 

Gay  Head,  Mass 

Giiylesville,  Ala 

Gaylord,  Kan 

Gaylord,  Mich 

Gaylord,  Minn 

Gayoso,  Mo 

Gayoso,  Mo 

Gays,  111 

Gayfport,  Pa 

Geary,  W.Va 

OeddVs,  N.Y 

Geddies,  Ala 

Gees  Bend,  Ala 

Geigers,  Fla 

Gem,  Idaho- 

Gem,  S.D 

Genda  Springs,  Kan.... 

Genesee,  Idaho 

Genesee,  Idaho 

Genesi-e,  III 

Genesee,  Mich 

Genes^^e,  .Minn 

Genesee,  N.Y 

Genesee,  Pa 

Genesee,  Wis 

Genesee  Falls,  N.Y 

1  Geneseo,  111 


Bank  of 
place. 


prrcinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

towuthip 

township 

township 

township 

|>o8t-town 

township 

township 

precinct 

jwst.pi'ect 

township 

poet-twp 

|>ost.lown 

post-town 

jKJSt-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

mag.-dist 

jioet-prect 

niil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

village 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

I>08t-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

city 

|x>st-twp 

civil-dist 

precinct 

township 

IK)St-town 

post  prect 

post-vill 

post-vill 

IHJSt-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

borough 

mag.-dist 

township 

precinct 

|K)st-prect 

precinct 

IKWt-prect 

post-twp 

village 

preci  net 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-lwp 

township 

township 


■County. 


Nnckolla ; 

Phelps 

Wayne , 

Welwter 

Traill 

Clackamas 

Marion 

Clark 

CUy 

Douglas 

Hamlin 

Koberts 

Spink 

Whitman 

Jackson 

Polk 

Tillamook 

Butler 

Hempstead 

Miller 

Penobscot 

Dallas 

Cheyenne 

Clayton 

Union 

White 

Hancock 

Pottawattamie 

Yalabusha 

Sully 

Anderson , 

Meiide ^ 

Park ; 

Putnam 

Minnehaha. 

Douglas 

De  Kalb 

Christian , 

Portage 

Bentx>n 

Crow  Wing 

Nacogdoches.... 

Jackson 

Los  Angeles 

Anderson 

Deuel 

Mora 

Laclede 

Wright 

Jeflergon 

Lincoln 

Preble 

Saint  Charles... 

Sumter 

Northampton.  . 

Gaston 

Gaston...^ 

Ijane 

Banner 

Clarke 

Monroe 

Lauderdale 

Gates 

Gates 

Coryell 

Ripley 

Sevier 

Klickitat 

Taylor 

Dukes 

Cherokee 

Smith 

Otsego 

Sibley 

Pemiscot 

Pemiscot 

Sloultrie , 

Blair 

Rciane 

Onondaga 

Hale 

Wilcox 

Duval... 

Shoshone 

Brown 

.Sumner. 

Latah 

I.Atah 

Whiteside 

Genesee 

Kandiyohi 

Alleghany 

Potter 

Wausheka 

Wyoming 

Uoury 


Population. 


•46 

702 
1,54S 
4,31(1 
1,211 


1,176 
606 


321 
003 
166 


1,38» 
2,288 


803 

"i,f>43 

1,268 

1,418 

909 

256 


2,239 


729 

1,2:J3 

54Q 


975 
3,088 


23^ 


457 
1,988 


1,:«3 
18t 
434 


764 

1,532 
7,088 


1,440 

1,.537 
543 
974 
88.5 

1,308 
800 

4,671 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Geneseo,  111 

Geneseo,  Iowa 

(•eiieseo,  Iowa. 

Geneseo,  Kan 

Geneseo,  N.Y.. 

Geneseo,  N.Y 

Geneseo,  S.D 

Geneva,  Ala 

Geneva,  Ga 

Geneva,  III 

Geneva,  III 

Geneva,  Ind 

Geneva,  Ind 

Geneva,  Iowa 

Geneva,  Kan 

Geneva,  Ky 

Geneva,  Midi 

Geneva,  Mich 

Geneva,  Minn 

Geneva,  Neb 

Geneva,  Neb 

Geneva,  N.Y 

Geneva,  N.Y 

Geneva,  0 

Geneva,  0 

Geneva,  Pa 

■Geneva.AVis 

'Genoa,  III 

Genoa,  III 

Genoa,  Mich 

Genoa,  Neb 

Genoa,  Neb 

Genoa,  Nev 

Giinoa,  N.Y 

.<3enoa,  N.Y 

Genoa,  O 

Genoa,  0 

Genoa,  Wis 

Gentile  Valley,  Idaho. 

Gentilly,  Minn 

Gentryville,  Mo 

George,  Ore 

George,  Pa 

.George,  S.C 

tieorge  Branch,  Ky.... 

George  Creek,  III 

■George's  Creek,  Ky 
George's  Creek,  S.C 
Georgetown,  C'al 
Georgetown,  Cal 
Georgetown,  Col 
Georgetown,  Col 

Georgetown,  Del 

<3eorgctown,  Del 

Georgetown,  D.C 

Georgetown,  Ga 

Georgetown,  Idaho 

Georgetown,  Idaho 

Georgelown,  111 

Georgetown,  111 

Georgetown,  Ind 

Georgetown,  Ind 

Georgetown,  Ky , 

Georgetown,  Me 

Georgetown,  Mass 

Georgetown,  Mich 

Georgetown,  Minn 

Georgetown,  N.Jl 

Geoigetown,  N.Y 

Georgetown,  0 

Georgetown,  Pa 

Georgetown,  S.C ; 

Georgetown,  S.C 

Georgetown,  Tex 

Georgelown,  Utah 

Georgetown,  Wis 

Georgetown,  Wis 

Georgia,  Ala 

Georgia,  Ark 

Georgia,  Ark 

Georgia,  Ac,  Neb 

Georgia,  S;D 

Georgia,  Vt „ 

Georgia  J'actory,  Ga. ... 

Georgiana,  Ala 

Georgiana,  Ala 

Georgiana,  Cal 

Geraninm,  Neb 

Gering,  Neb 

German,  111 

German,  Ind , 

German,  Ind 

German,  Ind 

GiTman,  Ind 

German,  Iowa 

German,  Iowa 


Bank  of 
place. 


city 

township 

post-twp 

post'Vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

mil.-difet 

township 

city 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

inag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-bo  ro' 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

towiwhip 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

mag.- d  1st 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

liundred 

post-vill 

city 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

preicinct 

township 

towr>Ship 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

mil  -dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Henry 

Cerro  Gordo.. 

Tama 

Kice 

Livingston.... 
Livingston  ... 

Roberts 

Geneva 

Talbot 

Kane 

Kane... 

Adams.. 

•lennlngs....... 

Franklin....... 

Allen 

Henderson.... 

Midland 

Van  Bnren... 

Freeliorn  

Fillmore...... 

Fillmore 

Ontario 

Oiitario......... 

Ashtaliula .... 

Ashtabula 

Crawford 

Walworth 

De  Kalb 

DeKalb 

Livingston  ... 

Nance 

Nance 

Douglas 

Cayuga 

Cayuga 

Delaware 

Ottawa 

Vernon.. 

Bingham 

Polk , 

Gentry 

Clackamas 

Fayette 

Colleton 

Breathitt 

Massac 

Lawrence 

Barnwell.. 

Kl  Dorado 

El  Dorado 

Clear  Creek... 
Clear  Creek... 

Sussex 

Sussex 


Quitman... 

Bear  Lake 

Bear  Lake 

Vermilion 

Vermilion 

Floyd , 

Floyd , 

Scott  

Sagadahoc 

Etsex , 

Ottawa 

Clay 

Grant 

Madison 

Brown 

Beaver.. 

Georgetown .... 
Georgetown.... 
Williamson.... 

Kane. 

Polk 

Price , 

Limestone 

Columbia , 

Nevada 

Cherry , 

Grant 

Fianklin 

Clarke 

Butler 

Butler 

Sacramento 

Valley 

Scott's  Bluff..., 

Richland 

Bartholomew.. 

Marshall 

Saint  Joseph... 
Vanderburg.. .. 

Grundy 

Hancock,....,!. 


Population. 


3,  .51 8 
77;i 
694 


3,:J40 
1,925 


l,.tl2 

l,64<i 

1,239 

46' 

2,103 

826 

673 


'237 

1,311 

454 

945 

376 

7,412 

5,878 

3,167 

1,903 

346 

930 

1,286 

449 

1,008 


187 
313 

2,517 
397 

1,045 
930 
919 


298 


3,332 

2,028 

681 

726 

1,406 

2,063 

1,217 

415 


3,294 
2,273 

895 
12,678 

245 


134 
2,608 

741 
1,562 

218 
5,216 
1,0S0 
2,2.31 
1,815 


1,490 
1,293 
288 
4,233 
2,557 
1,354 


123 


1,504 
l,l(Jli 
1,234 
277 
1,692 


1,079 
l,2.^5 
3,-MS 

578 
1,541 
1,145 

191 


3,182 

1,036 

668 

399 

3,534 

2,286 

198 

637 

8.52 

2,030 

1,692 

748 

1,831 

7;J3 

635 

1,245 

458 

1,428 

485 

2,217 

1,580 

8,877 

7,557 

3,371 

2,194 

293 

1,073 

1,409 

916 

1,090 

793 

434 

2,320 

437 

924 

839 

1,026 

566 

614 

223 

14.i 

3,478 

2,289 

765 

823 

1,590 

2,378 

1,025 

320 

2,156 

1,927 

2,436 

1,353 

14,046 

348 

3.50 

212 

2,636 

662 

1,676 

256 

6,864 

849 

2,117 

1,845 

448 

883 

1,172 

1,473 

274 

4,978 

2,895 

2,447 

91 

85 

157 

1,482 

4,53 

513 

312 

283 

1,282 

8.57 

2,265 

456 

1,311 

519 

396 

981 

1,029 

3,077 

513 

1,567 

1,013 

387 


Name  of  place  aud 
state. 


German,  Iowa 

German,  Iowa 

German,  Kan.. 

German,  Mo 

German,  Mo.... 

Gernnin,  &c  ,  Neb 

German,  N.Y 

German,  0 

German,  0 

Geinian,  0 

German,  O 

German,  0 

German,  0 

German,  0 » 

German,  0., ,.., 

German,  Pa 

German  Flats,  N.Y 

Germania,  Mitin 

Germania,  Wis 

Gerniantown,  111 

Gerniantown,  III 

Germantown,  111 

Germantown,  Ky 

Germantown,  Ky... 

Germantown,  Ky 

Germantown,  Ky 

Germantown,  Minn 

Germantown,  Neb 

Germantown,  N.Y 

Germantown,  0..... 

Germantown,  S  D 

Gerniantown,  Tenn ..... 

Gerniantown,  Wis < 

Ggrnialitown,  Wis 

Germanville,  111 

Germanville,  Neb 

Germanville,  S.C 

Germany,  Ala 

Germany,  Pa 

Germfask,  Mich 

Gerrardstown,  W.  Va.... 

Gerrish,  Mich 

Gerry,  N.Y 

Gervais,  Minn 

Gervais,  Ore 

Gerver,  Neb 

Getty,  Minn 

Gettysburg,  Kan 

Gettysburg,  0..... 

Gettysburg,  Pa 

Gettvsburg,  S.D 

Ghent,  Ky 

Ghent,  Ky 

Ghent,  N.Y 

Giard,  Iowa 

Gibbon,  Minn 

Gibbon,  N.-b 

Gibbon,  Neb 

Gilibonsville,  Idaho 

Gibbs,  N.D 

Gibraltar,  Wis 

Gibson,  Ala , 

Gibson,  Cal 

Gibson,  Ga 

Gibson,  Ind 

Gibson,  Mich 

Gibson,  Neb 

Gibson,  O 

Gilison,  Pa ,.. 

Gibson,  Pa 

Gibson,  Wis ; 

Gibsonburg,  0 

Gibson  Clly,  III 

Gibson  Station,  Tenn.. 

Gibson  Wells,  Tenn 

Giddings,  Tex 

Giddy  Swamp,  S.C. 

Gifford,  Ark 

Gig  Harbot,  Wash 

Gig  Harbor,  Wash 

Gila  Bend,  Ariz 

Gilakhaniute,  Alaska... 

Gilbert,  S.D 

Gilbert  Hollow,  S.C 

Gilberton,  Pa 

Gilbertsborough,  Ala... 

Gilboa,  Ind 

Gilboa,  N.Y 

Gillwa,  O 

Gllby,  N.D 

Gilchrist,  Minn 

Gilchrist,  Neb 

Gile,  Wis 

Oilead,  111 

Gilead,  Me 

Gilead,  Mich 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

village 

mag.-dist 

village 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-vill 

I>ost-boro' 

post-twp 

niaig.-dist 

lK)St-Vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

civil-dlst 

civll-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

baml^t 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

post-prect 

town^hip 

post-town 

JK)St-Vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 


County. 


Keokuk.. , 

Kossuth 

Smith 

Bollinger 

Madison 

Cherry 

Chanaugo 

Allen 

Auglaize 

Clark : 

Darke 

Fulton 

Harrison 

Holmes 

Montgomery... 

Fayette 

Herkimer 

Todd 

Shawano 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Vermilion 

Bnuke.n 

Bracken 

Clark 

Mason ; 

Cottonwood . 

Seward 

Columbia 

Moiitgotnery.... 

Codingten 

Shelby 

Juneau 

Washington... 

Livingston 

Hayes 

Edgefield 

Monroe 

Adams 

Schoolcraft.... 

Berkeley 

Roscommon... 
Chautauqua... 

Polk 

Marion 

Red  Willow... 

Steams 

Graham 

Darke 

Adams 

Potter 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Columbia 

Clayton 

Sibley 

Buffalo 

Buffalo 

Lemhi 

Burleigh 

Door , 

Morgan 

Sierra 

Glascock 

Washington  .., 

Bay 

Jefferson 

Mercer 

Cameron 

Susquehanna.... 

Manitowoc. 

Sandusk}'...., 

Ford 

Gibson , 

Gibson 

Lee 

Aiken 

Hot  Spring.. 

Pierce , 

Pierce , 

Maricopa 


Hand 

Lexington 

Schuylkill...., 

Limestone 

Benton 

Schoharie 

Putnam - 

Grand  Forks., 

Pope 

Cheyenne 

.Ashland.. 

Calhoun , 

Oxford 

Branch....,.,.,, 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


1,200 
1,387 
1,474 


1,.589 
2,239 
2,100 
1,809 
2,989 
1,311 
1,517 
3,451 
1,834 
6,746 
81 


1,177 
493 
640 

1,479 


1,814 

766 

258 

7 

1,608 

1,618 


223 

081 

1,979 

647 


1,382 
1,442 

1,002 


2,3.58 

214 

1,175 


75i 


638 

510 

292 

2,8H 


1,719 

387 

2.953 

1,390 


832 


368 

123 

1,680 


355 

1,462 

7O0 

1,3.50 

1,739 

589 

1,260 

1,078 

933 

624 

609 


1,78* 
3,098 


921 

2,040 

287 


611 
293 
818 


■111 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  TUB  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  RETURNS  OP  1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


'K«ni«  of  plac«  aad 


kd,  K«l>- 

tt:=::::::::: 

Ufa.  0*. ~- 

I,  Vit.~ 

L>n),  Ulch..„ 

itford,  N.ll — 

h«y.  Ark 

,J«n,  Ind 

Qin,  Kan 

Oill,  MaM. 

Oill,  N.l) 

Olllam,  Ind 

«mCr»vk,  V*. 

Gil1ei<|>ie,  III 

a<llM|>ie,  III 

Uillnple.  Neb 

Olllett,  WU 

Oillett  Grore,  Iowa 

43illey,  Ala 

Gilliam,  Mo 

GillU  Itluff,  Mo 

QllUburg,  Mlas. 

GilU  Creek,  8.C 

Oilman,  Col 

Gilman,  Col 

Glliiiaii,  III 

GilmHti,  Iowa 

Gilman,  Iowa 

Gilman,  Kan „ 

flilmim.Wis 

Gilmanton,  Minn. 

Gilmuntoii,  N.II 

Gilniantitn,  Wis 

Gilmuiiton,  Wis 

Gilnipr,  III 

Gilmer,  N.C 

Gilmer,  Tex 

Gilmer  Cut-Off,  Ga 

Gilmore,  Ga 

Gilmore,  Mich 

,(>ilinore,  Mich 

Gilmore,  Pa 

Gilpin,  Ala. 

Gilpin,  Pa 

Gilroy,  Cal 

Gilroy,  Cal 

Giisum,  N.H 

Girard,  Ala 

Girard.Ill 

Oirar.1,  111 

Gimrd,  Kan 

Giranl,  Mich 

Girard,  tlinu 

Girard,  Pa 

Girard,  Pa 

Girard,  Pa 

Giraidville,  Pa 

Givham,  S.C 

Glailbrook,  Iowa 

Glade,  Ga 

Glade,  G« 

Glade,  Mich 

Glado,  I'a 

iGlade,  W.  Va. 

Glade,  W.  Va. 

Glade  Creek,  N.C 

Glades,  Ga 

Glades,  Ky.. 

Glades,  Ky 

Glade  Spring,  Va 

Glade  Spring,  Va 

Gladesville,  Ga 

Gladeville,  Va 

Gladstone,  Col 

Gladstone,  Mich 

Gladstone,  N.M 

Gladstone,  N.D 

taladwin,  Mich 

Gladwin,  Mich 

Glaize,  Ark 

Glandorf,  0 

Glasco,  Kan... 

GUuford,  111 

tUaagow,  IlL 

GlMgow,  Ky 

Olit^w,  Ky 

^laagow,  Minn.....' 

Olaagow,  Mo 

Qiasgow,  Mont 

Glasgow,  Pa. , 

Glasj;ow,  Tenn 

Glasgow  Junction,  Ky, 

Glasgow  Jiinction,  Ky, 

<naas,Ark. 

(^•M,  Tenn 

112 


Bank  of 
plac*. 


poct-prort 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

mag..di8t 

puat-twp 

township 

|io«t-twp 

townehip 

township 

l>ost-town 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-di8t 

township 

|IOSt-Till 

precinct 

po«t-twp 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-Till 

city 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

mll.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-Till 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

city 

city 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

post-boro' 

township 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

mil.-diNt 

township 

township 

niHg.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-Till 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

city 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-town 

borough 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

civil-dist 


OooDty. 


Thaytr 

Morrow 

Cleburne 

WaahlngtoD.. 

Amolia 

Tuscola 

Belknap 

Veil 

Sullivan 

Clay 

Franklin 

Caa*. 

Jasper 

Franklin 

Macoupin 

Macoupin 

Cherry , 

Oconto , 

Clay 

Dale 

Saline 

Butler 

Amite 

Lancaster 

Eagle 

Eagle 

Iroquois 

Marshall 

Osceola 

Nemaha 

Pierce , 

Benton 

Belknap 

Buffalo 

Buffalo 

Adams 

Guilford 

Uiwhur 

Dawson 

Echols 

Benzie 

Isabella 

Greene 

Fayette 

Armstrong ... 
Santa  Clara.. 
Santa  Clara... 

Cheshire 

Ruifsell , 

Macoupin 

Macoupin 

Crawford 

Branch 

Otter  Tail 

Clearfield 

Erie 

Erie 

Schuylkill 

Colleton 

Tama 

Hall 

Oglethorpe.... 

Kalkaska 

Warren 

Barbour 

WeUter 

Alleghany.... 

Putnam 

Madison 

Rock  Castle.. 
Washington., 
Washington.. 

Ja»per. 

Wise 

San  Juan 

Delta 

Colfax 

I4i  Moure.... 

GUdwin 

Gladwin , 

Jackson , 

Putnam 

Cloud 

Peoria , 

Scott 

Barren 

Barren 

Wabasha 

Howard 

Dawson 

Beaver , 

Rhea. 

Barren 

Barren 

Jackson 

Obion. 


Population. 


1880.      1600, 


481 
2,ii53 

Mi 
1,960 
4,1  U4 

701 
2,821 


2,200 


733 


681 
3,747 
1,41'J 

432 


637 
181 
474 
5(1 
172 


2,841 


1,299 

6.')3 

317 

617 

888 

461 

1,485 

540 

68 

1,290 

3,124 

386 

402 

437 

494 

261 

874 

631 

1.190 

3,254 

1,621 

003 

4,637 

1,035 

1,024 

1,289 

1,326 

110 

675 

2,:«8 

7(« 

2,730 

1,306 


1,487 
1,041 


1,622 

1,447 

872 

817 

669 

2,733 


2,628 
262 
981 

1,891 


665 


207 

154 

249 

6,6S6 

l,.'ilO 

694 

1,841 


673 


1,970 


1,077 


906 

2,775 

1,176 

1,174 

3,W)| 

],(K59 

3,.')8o 

3t>9 

2,272 

487 

060 

224 

622 

3,505 

1,776 

048 

01 

938 

468 

035 

321 

3.13 

96 

3,578 

440 

442 

1,112 

473 

903 

981 

1,239 

643 

1,211 

699 

70 

1,126 

2,760 

691 

433 

706 

755 

671 

948 

691 

1,150 

3,268 

1,094 

643 

5,486 

2,139 

1,.524 

2,.'>4l 

1,274 

193 

587 

2,280 

626 

3,584 

1,301 

556 

1,749 

991 

183 

2,885 

1,517 

1,460 

890 

721 

2,815 

879 

3,316 

600 

910 

2,860 

18 

1,337 

14 

121 

683 

OOi 

6;i0 

671 

461 

268 

187 

5,414 

2,051 

666 

1,781 

338 

218 

959 

1,788 

217 

1,190 

1,266 


Kame  of  place  and 
Mate. 


GiMiboroagh,  N.J 

GlasKock,  Ala 

Glassy  Mountain,  S.C... 

Glastonbury,  Conn 

Gliuitonbury,  Vt 

Oluesou,  Tenn 

Gleeson  Store,  Tenn 

Glen,  N.Y 

Glen,  S.D 

Glen  Alpine,  N.C 

Glen  Arlior,  Mich 

Glunbrook,  Nev 

Glenburn,  Me 

Glcnburn,  Pa 

Glencoe,  III 

Glencoe,  Kan 

Glencoe,  Kan 

Glencoe,  Ky 

Glencoe,  Mich 

Glencoe,  Minn 

Glencoe,  Minn 

Glencoe,  N.D 

Glencoe,  N.D 

Glencoe,  Wis 

Glendale,  Col 

Glendale,  Col 

Glendale,  Kan 

Glendale,  Alinu 

Glendale,  Mont 

Glendale,  Mout 

Glendale,  0 

Glendale,  Ore 

Glendale,  S.C 

Glendale,  S.D 

Glendale,  Utah 

Glendale,  Wis , 

Glendon,  Pa 

Glendorado,  Minn 

Glen  Elder,  Kan 

Glon  Elder,  Kan 

Glenfield,  N.D 

Gienfield,  Pa 

Glengary,  Neb 

Gleugrove,  Col 

Glen  Haven,  Wis 

Glen  Hope,  Pa 

Glenlyou,  Pa 

Glenmore,  N.D 

Glenmore,  Wis 

Glenn,  S.D , 

Glenn,  Tenn 

Glenn's  Ferry,  Idaho... 
Glenn's  Ferry,  Idaho... 

Glenn  Springs,  S.C 

Glen  Richey,  Pa 

Glen  Rock,  Neb 

Glen  Rock,  Pa. 

Glen  Rose,  Tex 

Glen  Saint  Mary,  Fla... 

Glens  Falls,  N.Y 

Glentena,  Ore 

Glen  (Jllin,  N.D 

Glenview,  N.D 

Glenville,  Ala 

Glenville,  Ala 

Glenville,  Ky 

Glenville,  Ky , 

Glenville,  Neb 

Glenville,  N.Y 

Glenville,  W.  Va 

Glenville,  W.  Va 

Glen  Wilton,  Va 

Glenwood,  Iowa 

Glenwood,  Iowa 

Glenwood,  Iowa 

Glenwood,  Kan 

Glenwood,  Minn 

Glenwood,  Minn 

Glenwood,  Mo 

Glenwood,  Mo 

Glenwood,  Neb 

Glenwood,  Neb 

Glenwood,  N.D 

Glenwood,  8  D 

Glenwood,  S.D 

Glenwood,  Utah 

Glenwood,  Wis 

Glenwood  Springs,  Col. 
Glenwood  Springs,  Col. 

Click,  Kan 

Glidden,  Iowa 

Glidden,  Iowa 

Glisson,  N.C 

Globe,  Ariz 

Globe,  N.C 

Globe  Scb'lHouse,  Ky. 


}tank  of 
place. 


poet-twp 

precinct 

township 

|iost-town 

township 

township 

civil-dixt 

post-town 

township 

l>08t-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

jiost-boro' 

|)ost-vill 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

townsliip 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

I)ost-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

borough 

township 

township 

post-vill 

|)OSt-twp 

post-boro' 
township 
precinct 

JHJBt-tWp 

po«t-boro' 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

civil-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

|io»t-prect 

borough 

post-town 

post  prect 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

jwst-vill 

post-vill 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

precinct 


County. 


Gloucester 

Cullman 

Greenville 

Hartford 

Bennington 

Weakley 

Weakley 

Montgomery..,. 

Edmunds 

Burke 

Leelanaw 

Douglas 

Penobscot 

Lackawanna.... 

<\>ok...._ 

Butler 

Trego..„ 

Gallatin 

I>ake 

McLeod 

McLeod- 

Burleigh 

Emmons 

Bnfialo 

Arapahoe 

Kn-niont 

Saline 

Scott „ 

Beaver  Head.... 
Beaver  Head  ... 

Hamilton 

Douglas 

Spartanburg 

Hand 

Kane 

Monroe 

Northampton... 

Benton 

Mitchell 

Mitchell 

Foster 

Alleghahy 

Fillmore 

Douglas 

Grant 

Clearfield 

Luzerne 

La  Moure 

Brown 

Walworth 

Campbell 

Elmore 

Elmore 

Spartanburg 

Clearfield 

Nemaha 

York 

Somervell 

Baker 

Warren 

Lane „.... 

Morton 

Burleigh 

Russell 

Russell 

Adair.. 

Washington 

Clay 

Schenectady 

Gilmer 

Gilmer 

Botetourt 

Mills 

Mills 

Winneshiek 

Phillips 

Pope 

Pope 

Schuyler 

Schuyler 

Gage 

Webster 

Walsh 

Clay 

Deuel 

Sevier.. ._ 

St.  Croix 

Garfield 

Garfield 

Kiowa 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Duplin 

Gila 

Caldwell 

Greenup 


Pupolatlon. 


2,088 

234 

1,601 

3,58(1 

241 

121 

1,621 

2,022 


329 
3;« 
665 
2^9 
3«7 
648 
200 
816 
126 
08U 
1,078 


3:16 
376 


678 
1,400 


338 

1,401 

982 

211 

847 
165 


638 

688 


1,022 
164 


1,070 
""'621 


2,545 


752 
6.51 
132 


4,900 


2,122 
99 

l,4a5 
982 
504 

2,746 

2,045 
236 


2,376 

1,79:J 

1,192 

388 

464 


l,31t 
623 
.530 
372 


1,112 

684 
592 
704 
57(1 
2,408 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OP   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
Btate. 


'Glorista,  N.M 

■Gloster,  Miss 

Gloster,  Mont 

Gloucester,  Mass 

Gloucester,  N.J 

Gloucester,  N.C 

Gloucester,  R.I 

Gloucester  City,  N.J, 

Glover,  S.C 

Glover,  SD 

Glover,  Vt 

Gloversville,  N.Y 

Glyndou,  Md 

Glyndon,  Minn 

Glyndon,  Minn 

Gnadeuliutten,0 

Gnesen,  Minn 

Gol.ler  Hill,  Ga 

Godair,  Mo 

Goddard,  Kan 

Godfrey,  Ga 

Godfrey,  III 

Godfrey,  III 

Godfrey,  Minn 

Godley,  111 

Goeihe,  S.C 

Goewey,  Iowa 

Goffstown,  N.H 

Golar,  Tenn 

Golconda,  III 

Golconda,  111 

Gold,  HI 

Gold  Bar,  Wash 

Gold  Branch,  Ala 

Gold  Creek,  Idaho... 

Golden,  Col 

Golden,  Col 

Golden,  111 

Golden,  Mich 

Golden,  N.M 

Golden  and  San  Pedro, 

;     N.M 

fGolden,  N.D , 

iGolden,  N.I) , 

'Golden  Belt,  Kan 

Golden  City,  Mo , 

,'Oolden  City,  Mo 

:GoIdendale,  Wash 

:Goldendale,  Wash 

•Golden  Gate,  Cal 

Golden  Glen,  N.D 

:G'dden  Hill,  Ga 

Golden  Lake,  N.D 

•Golden  Pond,  Ky 

Golden  Valley,  Minn... 

Golden  Valley,  N.C 

Goldfiild,  Iowa 

Gold  Flint,  Mont 

Gold  Hill,  Col 

Gold  Hill,  Idaho 

Gold  Hill,  N.M 

Gold  Hill,  N.C 

Gold  Hill,  N.C 

Gold  Hill,  Ore 

Goldman,  Ark , 

Gold  Mine,  N.C 

Gold  Kun,  Cal 

Ggldsberry,  Mo 

Golilsborough,  N.C 

Goldsljorougli,  N.C, 

Goldsborouph,  Pa 

Gold:<mith,  Idaho 

Gi)ldville,  S.C. 

Golofnin  Bay,  Alaska.. 

Gologflmule,  Alaska 

Golondiinas,  N.M 

Golsova,  Alaska. 

Gomcr,  Mo 

Gonzales,  Cal 

Gonzales,  Cal 

Gonzales,  Tex 

Goodar,  Blich 

Goodbys,  S.C 

Goode,  Ala 

Goode,  Ga 

Goode,  111 

Goode,  Ky 

Goodfarni,  111 

Good  Ground,  N.Y 

Good  Hope,  Ala 

Good  Hope,  111 

Good  Hope,  Miss 

Good  Hope,  O 

Goodhue,  Minn 

Goodland,  Ind 

Gpodlaud,  Kan 


Bank  of 
place. 


proclnct 

post-town 

post-prect 

city 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-town 

city 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

village 

post-town 

township 

))08t-town 

civil-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

city 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

village 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

posl-jirect 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

city 

borongh 

precinct 

post-vill 

hamlet 

hamlet 

precinct 

hamlet 

township 

township 

post-vill 

city 

township 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-beat 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

city 


County. 


Santa  T6 

Amite 

Lewis  &  Clarke 

Kssex 

Camden 

Transylvania.. „ 

Pruvidence 

Camden 

Colleton 

Edmunds 

Orleans 

Fulton 

Baltimore 

Clay 

Clay 

Tuscarawas 

St.  Louis 

Chattahoochee 

Pemiscot 

Sedgwick 

Bibb 

Madison 

Madison 

Polk 

Will 

Hampton 

Osceola 

Hillsborough.. 

Hamblen 

Pope 

Pope 

Bureau 

Snohomish 

THllnpoosa 

Latah 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Adams 

Oceana 

Grant 


SanlaF6...., 

Steele 

Walsh 

Lincoln 

Barton 

Barton 

Klickitat.... 

Klickitat 

Alameda 

La  Moure..., 

Banks 

Steele ., 

Trigg 

Hennepin... 
Rutherford. 

Wright , 

Jefferson , 

Boulder , 

Latah 

Grant 

Uowan 

Rowan 

Jackson 

Arkansas.... 
Franklin.... 

Placer 

Howell 

Wayne 

Wayne 

York 

Nez  Perces.. 
Laurens 


Mora... 


Caldwell 

Monterey 

Monterey 

Gonzales 

Ogemaw 

Orangeburg.. 

Lamar 

Campbell 

Franklin 

Clark 

Grundy 

Suffolk 

Elmore 

McDonougb.. 

Leake 

Hocking 

Goodhue 

Newton , 

Sbenuan 


Population. 


19,329 
2,627 
377 
2,250 
5.347 
1,337 


1,(155 
7,133 


406 
3:36 
29 
597 
267 


2,959 

2,277 

85 


3,077 

337 

1,699 


3,278 

1,000 

616 


2,730 
317 
952 


645 


774 
1,995 
'i','6l3 


1,184 
348 


1,102 

377 

581 

4,940 

3,286 

378 


233 
1,581 


1,490 


930 

779 

1,636 

955 

553 

995 

325 

1,800 

1,083 

1,013 

628 


260 
1,142 

8 

24,651 

3,091 

527 

2,095 

6,664 

l.&W 

117 

970 

13,864 

311 

104 

275 

478 

191 

477 

290 

210 

4,260 

2,040 

228 

516 

296 

3,376 

650 

1,981 

1,021 

3,327 

1,174 

499 

134 

1,880 

782 

2,808 

2,383 

466 

955 

124 

796 
109 
346 
373 

1,615 
773 

1,8.33 
702 
7H8 
247 
809 
109 

2,173 
509 

1,094 
343 
172 
425 
185 
124 

1,393 
335 
242 
168 

1,463 
211 

1,120 

6,175 

4,017 
345 
151 
204 
25 
29 
293 
44 
912 

1,104 
3.59 

1,641 
97 

1,696 
353 
762 
751 

1,460 
899 
825 
847 
368 

1,980 

1,121 

1,110 
889 

1,027 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Goodland,  Mich 

Goodland,  S.C 

Goodlettsville,  Tenn,... 

Goodman,  Ga 

Goodman,  Miss 

Goodnight,  Ky 

Goodricli,  Iowa 

Goodrich,  Tenn 

Goodruni,  Ark 

Goodson,  Va 

Good  Springs,  Ala 

Good  Springs,  Ala 

Good  Water,  Ala 

Good  Water,  Ala 

Goodwater,  S.D 

Goodwell,  Mich 

Goodwin,  Ark 

Goodwin,  Cal 

Goodwin,  Ga 

Goodwin,  Mont 

Goodwin,  S.D 

Gooseberry,  Ore 

Gooseberry,  Utah 

Goose  Creek,  Idaho 

Goose  Creek,  111 

Goose  Creek,  N.C 

Goose  Island,  111 

Goose  Lake,  <fcc.,  Cal... 

Goose  Lake,  Iowa 

Goose  Lake,  Ore 

Goose  Nest,  Ga 

Goose  Nest,  N.C 

Gooso  Pond,  Ga 

Goose  Pond,  Ga 

Goose  Prairie,  Minn 

Gordon,  Ala , 

Gordon,  Ga 

Goidon,  Minn 

Goidon,  Neb 

Goidon,  Pa 

Goidon,  Tex 

Gordon,  Va 

Gordon,  Wis 

Goidoiisville,  Ala 

Gordonsville,  Ky 

Gordonsville,  Va 

Gordonville,  Mo 

Gordonville,  Tex 

Gore,  Kan , 

Gore,  Mich 

Gore,  W.  Va 

Gore  Range,  Col 

Goreville,  III 

Gorhiim,  Me ., 

Gorham,  N,H 

Gorham,  N.Y 

Gorham,  0 

Gorin,  Mo 

Gorman,  Minn 

Gorton,  Minn 

Gorton,  0 « 

Goshen,  Ark 

Goshen,  Conn 

Goshen,  Ga 

Goshen,  Ga 

Goshen,  HI 

Goslien,  Ind 

Goshen,  Iowa..... 

Goshen,  Kan 

Goshen,  Ky 

Goshen,  Mass 

Goshen,  N.H 

Goshen,  N.Y 

Goshen,  N.Y 

Goshen,  0 

Goshen,  0 

Goshen,  0 

Goshen,  0 

Goshen,  0 

Goshen,  0 

Goshen,  0 

Goshen,  Ore 

Goshen,  Pa 

Goshen,  Utah 

Goshen,  Utah 

Goshen,  Vt 

Goshen  Hill,  Ala 

Goshen  Hill,  S.C 

Gosnold,  Mass 

Gosport,  Ala 

Gosport,  Ind 

Gothenburg,  Neb 

Gothenburg,  Neb 

Gothic,  Col 

Goudeysville,  S.C 

Gouldsboro,  Pa 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-tow  n 

mag.-dist 

township 

po.st-viII 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

ix)sl  twp 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

city 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

poBt-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

liost-prect 

township 

po»t-boro' 


County. 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


Lapeer 

Orangeburg... 

Davids'.m 

Harris 

Holmes 

Anderson 

Crawford 

Hickman 

Lonoke 

Washington... 

Clarke 

Walker 

Coosa 

Coosa 

Sully 

Newaygo 

Saint  Francis. 

Plumas 

Gwinnett 

Lewis  &  Clarke 

Deuel 

Morrow 

Sevier 

Cassia 

Piatt 

Union 

Alexander 

Modoc 

Clinton 

Lake 

Wilkes 

Martin 

Oglethorpe 

Warren 

Clay 

Henry 

Wilkinson 

Todd 

Sheridan 

Schuylkill 

Palo  Pinto 

6range 

Douglas 

Lowndes 

Logan 

Orange 

Cape  Girardeau 

Grayson 

Sumner 

Huron 

Hampshire 

Routt 

Johnson 

Cumberland 

Coos 

Ontario 

Fulton 

Scotland 

Otter  Tail 

Grant 

Erie 

Washington 

Litchfield 

Elbert 

Lincoln 

Stark 

Elkhart 

Muscatine 

Clay 

Warren 

Hampshire 

Sullivan 

Orange 

Orange 

Auglaize 

Belmont 

Champaign 

Clermont 

Hardin 

Mahoning 

Tuscarawas 

Lane 

Clearfield 

Utah 

Utah 

Addison 

Pike 

Union 

Dukes 

Clarke 

Owen 

Dawson 

Dawson 

Gunnison 

Union 

Lackawanna.... 

,113 


1,241 

2,681 
280 
734 
378 

],.500 
442 


5,394 
437 


1,133 


179 

633 

1,553 


1,482 

2,915 

844 

733 

61 


815 
2,1(14 
1,429 
1,384 


1,100 

2,226 

425 


1,775 


1,945 

1,852 

919 

81 


777 

374 

2,143 


1,482 
3,233 
1,383 
2,521 
2,027 


386 

129 
1,038 

788 
1,093 
1,301 
1,036 
1,192 
4,123 
1,082 

965 
2,756 

327 

511 
4,3S7 
2,.557 

796 
2,208 
2,607 
1,908 
1,0.30 
1,445 
5,226 


601 
645 
394 
326 
1,073 
1,722 
152 
605 
740 


3,252 
249 


CTTIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CXVSUS  HETUSNS  OF  1880  XIHD  1890  COMPARED. 


Kmm  of  ptoe*  Mtd 
•UU. 


■Kh.  Ma 

<nMrr«rMMtr,N.Y 

'Ooiivernear,  M.Y_ 

Qove,  Knn. ................. 

Clove,  Kaa....~. 

'^Sove,  Kan 

IGovernllMnt,  N«b. 

lOowrr,  Iowa 

^wrr,  Mo. 

Gowrio,  Iowa .._. 

'Gowrie,  Iowa 

Grace,  Minn ~ 

'Grace,  lIoDt..» 

'Omce,  Neb.» 

•Oiace,  N.D..- 

Oraceville,  Minn 

'Orai-eville,  Minn 

•Gra.ly,  N.C 

Grail)  vllle.Ky 

Gtuf(un,  Cal > 

Grafton,  III 

Grufton,  III 

Grafiun,  Me 

Gntftou,  Mass. 

Grafton,  Minn 

Graftun,  Munt 

GrHfton,  Neb 

(irefion,  N.II 

Grafton,  N.M 

Giafton,  N.Y _... 

Grafton,  N.U 

Grafton,  N.D 

Grafton,  N.D -... 

Omfton,  0 

XSrafton,  0 

Grafton,  S.D 

Grafton,  Utah „ 

Grafton,  Vt 

Grafton,  Va 

Grafton,  W.  Va.... 

Grafton,  \V.  Va 

Grafton,  Wig 

Grafton,  \VU 

Grriliani,  Ala 

Graliani,  Ind 

Grali»ni,  Iowa 

Gralinni,  Kan 

Graham,  Mo 

Graliani,  N.C 

Graham,  N.C.„ 

Graham,  Pa. 

Graham,  Tex 

Graham,  Va 

Graham,  W.  Va 

Graham  Lake,  Minn.... 

Graham's  S.C -.... 

Grahamville,  S.C 

Groin  Held,  Kan 

Graiiifield,  Kan _. 

Grain  Valley,  Ho 

Granada,  Col 

Granada,  Col 

Granada,  Kan 

Granbiiry,  Tex 

Orenliy,  Conn 

Granby,  Mass 

Granby,  Minn 

Grenl)y,  Ho _ 

Granby,  Mo 

Granby,  N.Y 

Granby,  Vt 

Grand,  O _ 

Grand,  S.D.- 

G^and,  8.D 

Grand  Bay,  Ala 

Grand  Diane,  Mich 

Grand  Cane,  La 

Gntnd  Chain,  III „.. 

Grand  Chenier,  La 

Grand  Chtite,  Wis 

Grand  Coteau,  La 

Gr.ind  Crosniug,  S.D 

Grand  IK!t.)nr,  III... 
Grande  Honile,  Wash.... 
Grand  Forks,  Minn.... 

Grand  Forks,  N.D 

Grand  Forlw,  N.D 

Grand  Harbor,  N.D.... 
Grand  Haven,  3Iich... 
Grand  Haven,  Mich.., 

Grandin,  Mo 

Grand  Island,  Neb 

Grand  Island.  N.Y 

Grand  Isle,  Vt 

Grand  Junction,  Col. 
Oiand  Junction,  CoL. 

114 


Sank  or 


pOTl>toiW1l 

township 

poat-vill 

township 

IHISt-Till 

township 

precinct 

township 

p<l<ll-tOWD 

township 

post.vill 

township 

precinct 

precindt 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-Till 

township 

{■oat-town 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

(lOSt-tOWII 

township 

t>wii8hip 

post-vill 

towiwhip 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-ward 

township 

post-town 

townHhip 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

township 

city 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post-vill 

city 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

ctgr 


CMiBty. 


Hancock 

Saint  Lawrence 
l$aint  Lawrauca 

Gove 

Gove 

Pratt 

Hayes...- 

Cedar 

Clinton 

Webster 

Webster 

Chippewa  ....~. 

JeD'eraon 

Perkins. 

Grand  Forks... 

Big  Stone 

BiK  Stone 

Pendsr 

Adair 

Yolo 

Jersey , 

McHenry 

OxforU 

Worcester. 

Sibley ™ 

Cascade 

Fillmore 

Grafton 

Sierra 

Kensselaer 

Richland 

Walsh 

Walsh , 

Lorain. .„ 

Lorain 

Miner 

Washingion.... 

Windham , 

York 

Taylor 

Taylor 

Ozaukee 

Ozaukee , 

DeKalb 

Jt'ffers  m , 

Johnson 

Oraimm 

Nodaway , 

Alamance 

Alamance 

Clearfield 

Young , 

Tazewell 

Mason 

Nobles , 

Itafnwel  !......„. 

Beaufort , 

Gove , 

Qove , 

Jackson 

Prowers™ , 

Prowers , 

Nemaha 

Hood 

Hartford 

Hampshire 

Nicollet 

Newton „.. 

Newton 


Kssex 

Marion..... „ 

Douglas  ......... 

Hand 

Mobile 

Genesee. 

DeSoto ™.. 

Pnlaski 

Cameron 

Outagamie 

Saint  Landry... 

Campbell 

Ogle 

Asotin 

Polk 

Grand  Forks.... 
Grand  Forks.... 

Ramsey 

Ottawa. 

Ottawa 

Carter 

Hall „.... 

Brie 

Grand  Isle 

Mesa 

llMM ..^._. 


Fopulatlon. 


1880.      1890. 


1,826 
4,16a 
2,071 


868 
163 
480 
201 


304 
40 


l,r>02 
1,7:!9 

8(17 
1,441 

11.5 

259 


7-i5 
934 


1,676 


1,237 


71 

029 
1,729 
4,085 
3,0.-<() 
1,670 

415 


1,309 
876 

1,134 
452 

2,440 
379 
616 
676 


2,260 
300 
403 
274 


80 


121 

618 

624 

1,340 

7?;i 

626 

2,777 

1,882 

4,514 

194 

4S5 


678 
1,338 

l,4ei) 

4;n 

1,67« 
302 


612 


1,706 


642 
4,8l>2 


2,963 

1,166 

149 


1,709 

6,861 

3,468 

612 

118 

277 

141 

932 

328 

1,07G 

626 

166 

26 

835 

221 

341 

608 

613 

2,064 

i,o:j4 

927 

1,4:57 

98 

6,002 

662 

86 

1,008 

787 

16 

1,467 

121 

2,244 

1,694 

1,444 

600 

2.58 

104 

817 

1,810 

3,159 

3,159 

1,444 

434 

1,135 

1,184 

683 

380 

353 

1,884 

991 

696 

667 

1,021 

2,124 

361 

366 

293 

275 

99 

193 

469 

163 

714 

1,164 

1,261 

765 

490 

2,616 

1,400 

4,l:i8 

361 

614 

327 

214 

661 

1,430 

a51 

1,675 

7a5 

1,574 

•  a33 

90 

406 

276 

3;«) 

6,245 

4,979 

227 

857 

6,023 

679 

7,KJ6 

1,048 

793 

2,294 

2,030 


Kame  of  place  aiul 


Grand  Junction,  Iowa.. 

Grand  !.uku.  Col 

(iraiid  Lodge,  Mich 

Grand  Meadow,  Iowa... 
Grand  Meadow,  Iowa... 
Grand  Meadow,  Minn 
Grand  Meadow,  Minn.. 

Grand  Meadow,  S.D 

Grand  Mound,  Iowa.... 

Grand  Pass,  Mo 

Gran<l  Pass,  Mo 

Giand  Pier,  III 

Gratid  Praiiio,  III 

Grand  Prairie,  Minn.... 

Grand  Prairiu,  Neb 

Grand  Prairie,  O 

Grand  Rapids,  III 

Grand  Rapids,  Mich 

Oran<t  Rapids,  Mich 

Grand  Rapids,  Minn.... 

Grand  Rapids,  N.D 

Grand  Rapids,  0 

Grand  Rapids,  O 

Grand  Kapids,  Wis 

Grand  Rapids,  Wis 

Grand  Ridge,  III 

Grand  River,  Iowa 

Grand  River,  Iowa 

Grand  River,  Iowa 

Grand  River,  Iowa 

Grand  River,  Kan 

Grand  River,  Mo 

Gratid  River,  Mo 

Grand  River,  Mo 

Qrutid  River,  Ho 

Grand  River,  Mo 

Grand  Tower,  III 

Grand  Tower,  111 

Grandview,  III 

Grandview,  III 

Grandview,  Ind 

Grandview,  Iowa 

Grandview,  Kan 

Grandview,  Kan 

Grandview,  Minn 

Grandview,  N.D 

Grand  View,  0 

Grandview,  S.D 

Grandview,  S.D 

Giund  View,  Tex 

Grange,  Ga 

Grange,  Iowa 

Grange,  Minn 

Grange,  S.D 

Grange  City,  Ky 

Granger,  N.Y..! 

Granger,  O 

Granger,  Tex 

Granger,  Utah 

Grangeville,  Idaho 

Granite,  Cal 

Granite,  Kan 

Granite,  Md 

Granite,  Mont 

Granite,  Ore 

Granite,  Utah 

Granite  Creek,  Idaho... 

Granite  Falls,  Minn 

Granite  Falls,  Minn 

Granite  Falls,  N.C 

Granite  Ledge,  Minn.... 

Granite  Rock,  Minn 

Graniteville,  Cal 

Graniteville,  Mo 

Graniteville,  S.C 

Grant,  Ala 

Grant,  Ark 

Grant,  Ark 

Grant,  Ark 

Grant,  Col 

Grant,  III 

Grant,  III 

Grant,  III.... 

Grant,  Ind 

Grant,  Ind 

Gitaiit,  Ind 

Grant,  Ind 

Grant,  Iowa 

Grant,  Iowa 

Grant,  Iowa 

Grant,  Iowa 

Gratit,  Iowa 

Grant,  Iowa. 

Grant,  Iowa. 

Grant,  Iowa. 

Grant,  Iowa 


Bank  of 
plac*. 


post- town 

post-prect 

|iost-vill 

township 

township 

townohip 

post-vill 

post-twp 

po>t-town 

townkhip 

iwst-vill 

precinct 

township 

townithip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

po«t-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

towii«hlp 

post-vill 

post-town 

|)ost-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

townsliip 

township 

poet-vill 

mil.-dist 

towtKiiip 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

city 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 


County. 


Green* 

Grand 

Katon. 

Cherokee 

Clayton 

Mower 

Mower 

Minnehaha... 

Clinton 

Saline 

Saline 

Po|)e._ 

Jefferson 

Nobles.„ 

Platte 

Marion 

iM  Salle 

Kent 

Kent 

Itasca 

La  Moure 

Wood 

Wood 

Wood 

Wood 

La  Salle 

Adair 

Decatur 

Madison 

Wayne 

Sedgwick 

Bates 

Cass 

Daviess 

De  Kalb 

Livingston.... 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Kdgar. 

Kdgar 

S|)encer 

Louisa 

Ford 

Morris 

Lyon 

La  Moure 

Washington.. 

Biul6 

Sully 

Johnson 

JeOerson 

Woodbury.... 
Pipe  Stone.... 

Detiel 

Fleming 

Alleghany.... 

Medina 

Williamson... 

Salt  Lake 

Idaho 

Sacramento... 

Philli|i8 

Baltimore 

Deer  Lodge... 

Grant 

Salt  Lake 

BoisS 

Chippewa 

Yellow  Med... 

Caldwell 

Benton 

Redwood 

Nevada 

Iron 

Aiken 

Coffee. 

Ashley 

Johnson 

Newton 

Jefferson 

Lake 

Massac 

Vermilion 

Benton  

De  Kalb 

Greene 

Newton 

Adams 

Boone 

Buena  Vista.. 

Carroll 

Cass 

Cerro  Gordo.. 

Dallas 

Franklin 

Greene 


PopnlatiuD. 


1880.      1890. 


752 


1,387 
89 
894 
030 
374 


234 
2,425 


6(13 
705 
301 


485 
l,o:i4 
3,058 
32,016 


3;J2 

6.56 

1,86(1 

135 

625 

674 

947 

1,336 

291 

679 

8,038 

1,6.52 

1,198 

1,486 

1,634 

966 

1,940 

20.5 

686 

1,644 


267 
'2,663 


287 

1,28!) 

119 

17-.^ 


1, 

1,008 


145 

129 

1,4S6 

452 


200 
250 


1,669 
398 


1,238 


3,402 
1,175 


782 
1,.508 
825 
724 
248 
460 
1,164 
370 
802 
592 
809 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1880   AND   1890   COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


;Orant,  Iowa.. 
;Oraiit,  Iowa.. 
'Grant,  Iowa.. 
'Grant,  Iowa.. 
Grant,  Iowa,. 
Grant,  Iowa.. 
Grant,  Iowa.. 
Grant,  Iowa.. 
Grant,  Iowa.. 
Grant,  Iowa.. 
Grunt,  Iowa.. 
Grant,  Iowa  , 
Grant,  Iowa..- 
Grant,  Iowa.., 
Grant,  Iowa.., 
Grant,  Iowa.., 
Grant,  Iowa.., 
Grant,  Iowa... 
Grant,  Iowa... 
Grant,  Iowa.., 
Grant,  Kan..., 
Grant,  Kan..., 
Grant,  Kan.... 
Grant,  Kan..., 
Grant,  Kan..., 
Grant,  Kan.... 
Grant,  Kan.... 
Gnnt,  Kan.... 
Grant,  Kan.... 
Grant,  Kan.... 
Grant,  Kan.... 
Grant,  Kan..., 
Grant,  Kan.... 
Grant,  Kan.... 
Grant,  Kan.... 
Grant,  Kan.... 
Grant,  Kan.... 
Grant,  Kan.... 

Grant,  Kan 

Grant,  Kan.,.. 

Grant,  Kan 

Grant,  Kan.... 
Grant,  Kan.... 
Grant,  Kau.... 

Grant,  Kan 

Grant,  Kan.... 
Grant,  Kan..., 
Grant,  Mich... 
Grant,  Jlich... 
Grant,  Slicli.., 
Grant,  Mich... 
Grant,  Mich... 
Grant,  Mich... 
Grant,  Mich... 
Grant,  Mich... 
Grant,  Mich... 
Grant,  Mich.., 
Grant,  Mich... 
Grant,  Minn.. 

Grant,  Mo 

Grant,  Mo 

Grant,  Mo 

Grant,  Mo 

Grant,  Mo 

Grant,  Mo 

Grant,  Mo 

Grant,  JVIo...... 

Grant,  Mo 

Grant,  Mo 

Grant,  Neb 

Gr.int,  Neb 

Grunt,  Neb 

Grunt,  Neb 

Grunt,  Neb 

Grant,  Neb 

Grant,  Neb 

Grant.  Neb 

Grant,  Neb 

Grant,  Neb 

Grant,  Neb 

Grant,  Neb 

Grant,  Neb 

Grant,  Neb 

Grant,  Neb 

Grant,  Neb 

Grant,  Neb 

Grant,  N.C 

Grant,  Ore.... 

Grant,  Pa 

Grant,  S.D.... 

Grant,  S  D 

Grant,  S.D 

Grant,  S  D.... 
Grant,  W.  Va 
Grant,  W.  Va 
Grant,  W.  Va. 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

townsliip 

townsliip 

townsliip 

townsliip 

township 

township 

posl-twp 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post  twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post- twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

pieciiict 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

inag-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 


County. 


Grundy 

Guthrie 

Hardin 

Ida 

Linn 

Lyon 

Monona 

Montgomery.... 

O'Brien 

I'age 

Plymouth... 
Pocahontas. 
Ringgold.... 

Sioux , 

Story 

Tama 

Taylor 

Union 

Winnebago. 
Woodbury... 

Barton 

Clay 

Oloud 

Cowloy 

Crawford 

Decatur 

Dicliinsun..., 

Douglas 

Harper 

Jackson 

Jewell , 

Lincoln 

Marion 

Neosho. 

Norton 


Osborne , 

Ottawa 

Pottawatomie... 

Pratt 

Rawlins 

Reno 

Republic 

Riley 

Sedgwick 

Sherman 

Washington 

Cheboygan 

Clare 

Grand  Traverse 

Huron 

Iosco 

Keweenaw 

Mason 

Mecosta 

Newaygo 

Oceana 

Saint  Clair 

Washington 

Caldwell 

Clark 

Dade 

Dallas. 

De  Kalb 

Harrison 

Nodaway 

Putnam 

Stone 

Webster 

Antelope >... 

Buffalo 

Coltax 

Cuming 

Custer 

Franklin 

Frontier 


Hamilton 

Hitchcock 

Kearney 

Lancaster 

Perkins 

Red  Willow.. 
Richardson... 

Sheridan 

Washington.. 

Randolph 

Sherman 

Indiana 

Beadle 

Buffalo 

Lincoln 

McCook 

Cabell 

Doddridge.... 
Grant 


Population. 


682 
6C2 
69;) 
160 

1,()82 
213 
307 
980 
388 

2,<'87 
•1(12 
151 
655 
302 
66rj 
699 
904 
613 


460 
315 
409 
618 


1,034 
637 


576 


992 
674 
676 
481 
1,036 
586 


657 
384 


1,207 
7;w 

1,095 
971 


773 

1,:«)8 
625 
622 
174 
366 
217 
307 
512 
453 

1,357 
518 

1,044 
848 
628 
968 

1,,518 
808 

1,863 
704 


1,013 


400 
623 


739 


753 
865 


1,318 


2,2.')0 
1,669 
1,829 


667 
8)8 
682 
690 

1,149 
420 
700 
854 
667 

3,130 
663 
455 
780 
517 
684 
610 

1,169 
768 
218 
684 
369 
482 

1,016 
548 

1,177 
371 
786 
648 
461 

1,231 
828 
486 
675 

1,351 
.'■22 
935 
439 
406 
750 
345 
LSI 

2,241 
903 
529 
737 
493 
816 
459 

1,968 
498 

1,133 
149 
100 
301 
493 
455 
716 

1,142 
687 

1,253 
664 

1,347 

1,685 

1,107 

1,642 

644 

1,361 

1,114 

420 

683 

631 

637 

830 

495 

647 

693 

878 

212 

612 

89) 

315 

173 

906 

270 

926 

980 

300 

1,:)50 

163 

234 

545 

359 

.3,391 

2,007 

1,846 


Name  Of  place  and 
state. 


Grant,  W.  Va 

Grant,  W.  Va 

Grant,  W.  Va 

Grant,  W.Va 

Grant,  W.Va 

Grant,  W.  Va 

Grant,  W.Va 

Grant,  W.Va 

Grant,  W.  Va 

Omnt,  W.  Va 

Grant,  W.Va 

Grant,  Wis 

Grant,  Wis 

Grant,  Wis 

Grant,  Wis 

Grant  Center,  S  D 

Grant  City,  Mo 

Grantham,  N.H 

Grantham,  N.C 

Grant  Isle,  Me 

Grant  Park,  111 

Grantsburg,  III 

Graiitsburg,  Wis 

Grantsburg,  Wis 

Grant's  Lick,  Ky 

Grant's  Pass,  Ore 

Grant's  Pass,  Ore 

Grantsville,  Md 

Grantsville,  Mo 

Grantsville,  Utah 

Grantville,  Ga 

Grantville,  Ga 

Granville,  111 

Granville,  III 

Granville,  HI 

Granville,  Mass 

Granville,  Minn 

Granville,  Neb 

Granville,  N.Y 

Granville,  0 

Granville,  0 

Granville,  0 

Granville,  Pa 

Granville,  Pa 

Giunville,  Tenu 

Granville,  Vt 

Granville,  Wis 

Grape  Creek,  III 

Grape  Grove,  Mo 

Gnipevliie,  N.C 

Grape  Vine,  Tex 

Grass,  Ind 

Grass,  Tenn 

Gi-ass  Creek,  Utah 

Gnuishopper,  Kan 

Giuss  Lake,  Mich 

Gra«s  Lake,  Mich 

Grass  Lake,  Minn 

Grass  Lake,  N.r> 

Grass  Springs,  Ala 

Grass  Valley,  Cal 

Grass  Valley,  Ore 

Grassy,  Ark 

Grassy,  III 

Grassy,  Ky 

Grassy  Creek,  Ky 

Glassy  Creek,  N  C 

Grassy  Creek,  N.C 

Grassy  Fork,  Ind .... 

Gras.«y  Fork,  Tenn 

Grassy  Knob,  Ga 

Grassy  Point,  Fla 

Gratiot,  Wis 

Gratis,  0 

Grattan,  Mich 

Grattan,  Neb 

Grat/.,  Ky 

Gratz,  Ky 

Gratz,  Pa 

Gravel  Hill,  Ark 

Gravelly  Hill,  Ark 

Giuvelly  Spring,  Ala.... 

Gravesend,  N.Y 

Graves  Valley,  Utah 

Gravilla,  Ala 

Gravity,  Iowa 

Gray,  Ark 

Gray,  Ark 

Gray,  HI 

Gray,  Me 

Gray,  Minn 

Gray,  S.C 

Grayling,  Mich 

Gray's  Creek,  N.C 

Gray's  Harbor,  Wash... 
Grayson,  Oal 


Bank  of 
place. 


mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag  -dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

po8t-ti>wn 

post-vill 

pogt-twp 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

IKMt  vill 

<]  (Strict 

township 

poft-prect 

mil. -dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

(lost-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

|K>8t-Vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

eivil-dist 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-lwp 

township 

township 

civil-dist 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post  twp 

post  twp 

post  twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

lownship 

|X)8t-tWp 

post-twp 
.lost-vill 
i>oet-town 


County. 


Hancock 

Harrison 

Jackson 

Marion 

Monongalia., 

Nicholas 

Pleasants 

Preston , 

Ritchie 

Wayne 

Wetzel 

Clark 

Dunn... 

Portage 

Shawano 

Grant 

Worth 

Sullivan 

Wayne 

Aroostook 

Kankakee 

.lohnson 

Burnett 

Burnett 

Campbell 

Josephine 

Josephine 

Garrett 

Linn 

Tooele 

Coweta 

Coweta 

Jasper 

Putnam 

Putnam 

Hamialen 

Kittson 

Platte., 

Washington.. 

Licking 

Licking 

Mercer 

Bradford 

Mifflin 

Jackson 

Addison 

Milwaukee... 

Vermilion 

Ray 

Madison 

Tarrant 

Spencer 

Cocke 

Summit 

AtchUon 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Kanabec , 

Burleigh , 

.lackson 

Nevada 

Sherman 

Cleburne 

Williatuson... 

Morgan 

Pendleton 

Ashe 

Mitchell 

Jackson 

Cocke 

Pickens 

Washington.. 

Liifayette 

Preble 

Kent 

Holt 

Owen 

Owen 

Dauphin 

White 

Yell 

Lauderdale... 

Kings 

Pi  Ute 

Conecuh 

Taylor 

Lonoke 

White 

White 

Cumberland.. 
Pipe  Stone.... 

Edgefield 

Crawford 

Cumberland.. 

(,'lichalis 

Stanislaus 


Population. 


1880.     1890. 


1,107 
1,590 
3,400 
1,362 
2,156 
906 
673 
2,191 
3,975 
1,286 

i.we 

881 
4,57 
309 
757 


493 
540 

1,939 
^47 
279 

1,140 

1,512 
101 

2,277 


2,152 
1,(M0 
1,225 
1,468 

618 
l,4(i3 
1,499 

260 
1,205 


4,149 
2,114 
1,127 
1,616 
1,302 
1,48P 
179 
830 
2,370 


3,090 


199 

2,190 

905 


1,839 

1,890 

682 


1,727 

685 
2,381 


1,087 

1,045 

868 

461 


l,6;i4 
2,186 
1,238 


2,063 
128 
409 


3,674 


1,320 


346 
2,954 
1,967 
1,798 

22:5 
2,185 

245 
1,673 


133 


1,130 
1,650 
3,765 
2,085 
2, 1 18 
1,247 
1,066 
2,193 
4,994 
1,569 
3,184 
1,143 

.542 

417 
1,026 

429 
1,186 

424 
1,852 

964 

340 
1,262 
1,447 

410 
1,745 
2,108 
1,432 
2,034 

»:57 

979 
1,467 

664 
1,821 
1,270 

148 
1,061 

148 
1,106 
4,716 
2,362 
1,366 
2,013 
1,224 
1,472 

227 

637 
2,272 

778 
2,929 
1,118 

442 
2,1«r 

760 

62 

1,872 

1,643 

617 

461 
60 

686 
6,798 

186 

599 
1,963 

786 
2,211 

879 
1,196 
1,147 
1,015 

573 

233 
1,511 
2,011 
1,109 

796 
2,196 

205 

490 

237 

570 

1,901 

6,937 

81 

1,494 

210 

462 
3,545 
2.211 
1,517 

2-28 
2,.567 
1,.^.'W 
1,6:« 

sai 


116 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  RETURNS  OP  1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Kan*  of  place  and 


tJm.TKtn,  Kjr 

OrxyiHin,  Ky 

Cray  MoClon,  Ky 

Qiayiirille,  Ga. 

Orayivllle.O 

QraytTllla,  Tvnn 

Arayville,  III 

6raaMy,Ky 

Gnaay  Cuvei,  Ala 

Qrvat  Barriutiton.Maa*. 

OrMt  Bend,  Kan 

Great  Bend,  Kan 

Great  Bviid,  Minn 

Great  Ik-ml,  I'a 

Great  Itend,  Ta. 

GtMt  Bend.  S.D 

Great  Oaraiwn,  W.  Va.. 

Great  Craetinpi,  Ky 

Grrat  Cynre«»,8.C 

Grext  Kails,  Mont 

Great  Kalli,  Mont. 

Great  Kails,  "N.C 

Great  Dak,  Iowa. 

Grral  Swamp,  N.C 

Great  Valley,  N.Y 

Great  Western  Furnace, 

Tenn 

Greece,  N.Y 

Greeley,  Col 

Greeley,  Iowa 

Greeley,  Iowa. 

Greeley,  Kan 

Greeli-y,  Kan 

Greeley,  Kan 

Greeley,  Neb 

Green,  III 

Green,  III 

Green,  Ind 

Green,  Ind.„ 

Green,  Ind.« 

Green,  Ind 

Green,  Ind 

Green,  Iowa. 

Green,  Kan 

Green,  Mich 

Green,  Mich 

Green,  Mo 

Green,  Mo 

Green,  Mo 

Green,  Ac,  Neb 

Green,  Neb 

Green,  O 

Green,  O 

Green,  0 

Green,  0 

Green,  0 

Green,  O 

Green,  0...» v... 

Green,  0 

Green,  O >.. 

Green,  O 

Green,  0 

Green,  0 

Green,  Pa.- 

Green,  Pa 

Green,  Pa „ 

Green,  W.  Va „,.. 

GreenlMickville,  Va 

Green  liank,  W.  Va 

Green  Bay,  Ala. „ 

Green  Bay,  Iowa 

Green  Bay,  Iowa 

Green  Bay,  Wis 

Green  Bay,  Wig 

Greenlirinr,  Ark 

Greenl>rier,  Ala 

Greenbrier,  Iowa 

Greenbrier,  W.  V« 

Greenl'rier,  W.  Va 

Greenlmrg,  N.Y_ 

Greenbush,  III 

Greenbusli,  Me 

Greenbush,  Mich.„ 

Greenbush,  Mich 

Greenbusli,  Minn 

Orseubnsh,  N.Y 

Greenbush,  N.Y 

Greenbiuih,  Wis 

Green  Camp,  O 

Green  Camp,  0 

Greenraittle,  Ind 

Greencastle,  Ind 

Greencastle,  Iowa 

Green  Castle,  Ky 

Green  Castle,  Mo 

Greencastle,  Pa. 

116 


Rank  of 
place. 


precinct 
IMwtvlll 
precinct 
niil.ilist 
post-vill 

IKWt-Vill 

city 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

township 

|K>»t-b<>ro' 

township 

mair.-dist 

INwt-vill 

township 

precinct 

city 

Tillage 

township 

townxhip 

post-town 

civil-dist 

IK)St-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

townithip 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

tnag.-dist 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-prect 

township 

niag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

village 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

township 

mac-disC 

post-town 

poaMioFO' 


County. 


Carter 

Tarter 

Knox.. 

Catoosa. 

Monroe 

Khea 

White , 

Johnson 

^taint  Clair 

Berkshire 

Barton 

Barton 

Cottonwood.... 
Susquehanna.. 
HiiNqiiuhanna.. 

.><plnk 

Morgan 

Scott 

Barnwell 

Cascade 

Cascade 

Richmond 

Palo  Alto 

Wayne 

Cattaraugus... 


Stewart 

Monroe 

Weld 

Andution 

Shelby 

Anderson 

Saline 

Sedgwick 

Greeley 

Mercer 

Woodford 

Grant 

Hancock  

Marshall 

Noble 

Wayne.. 

Fremont 

Pottawatomie.. 

Alpena 

Mecosta 

Hickory 

Livingston 

Platte 

Deuel 

Saunders 

Adams 

Brown 

Clinton 

Fayette 

Oailia 

Hamilton 

Hocking 

Mahoning 

Monroe 

Ross 

Scioto 

Summit 

Forest 

Franklin 

Mercer 

Wetzel 

Accomack 

Pocahontas 

Covington 

Clarke 

Lee 

Brown 

Brown 

Independence , 

Limestone 

Green 

Doddridge 

Summers 

Westchester.... 

Warren 

Penobscot 

Alcona 

Clinton 

Mille  Ijacs 

Rensselaer 

Rensselaer 

Shelioygan 

Marion 

Marion 

Putnam 

Putnam 

Marshall... 

Warren 

Sullivan 

FranUin.- 


Population. 


1880.      1800. 


2,090 
447 


279 
147 


l,Ma 
1,090 


4,(>ft3 
1,648 
1,071 

1,301 
1,136 


1,669 
2,414 


806 
1,0J2 
1,859 

963 
4,848 
1,297 
612 
334 
285 
616 
461 


1,545 

897 

],ft:i9 

1,166 
1,249 
1,444 
1,189 


694 


1,132 
1,.{86 
1,009 
2,425 


686 
1,886 
1,916 
2,758 

916 
1,632 
4,851 
2,070 
1,794 
1,207 
2,058 
1,935 
l,8v;7 

643 
3,831 

881 
1,897 

249 
1,464 

2.55 

650 

888 
1,085 
7,464 
1,834 


615 


1,872 
8,9:i4 
1,(J63 

681 

493 
1,6.53 

412 
6,743 
3,295 
1,977 
1,302 

312 
6,625 
3,644 
1,646 
2,383 

191 
1,736 


2,987 

433 

1,971 

306 

107 

389 

1,999 

1,660 

.344 

4,612 

6H 

2,460 

274 

1,136 

1,002 

139 

2,070 

366 

2,095 

4,750 

3,979 

240 

436 

1,090 

1,705 

920 
5,146 
2,395 
779 
887 
514 
697 

mo 

492 

1,640 

828 

l,.Vi4 

1,193 

1,172 

1,436 

1,052 

969 

635 

436 

1,311 

1,375 

1,(148 

2,418 

430 

753 

2,023 

1,722 

2,66fi 

746 

1,306 

5,088 

1,789 

1,893 

1,223 

2,197 

1,751 

1,911 

8,57 

3,579 

762 

2,461 

320 

1,774 

337 

602 

727 

1,008 

9,069 

2.487 

1,049 

690 

1,655 

3,608 

11,613 

819 

6.59 

264 

1,453 

438 

7,301 

7,.301 

1,690 

1,147 

290 

6,137 

4,390 

1,437 

2,460 

267 

1,626 


Name  of  place  and 
•tate. 


Green  City,  Mo 

Green  Cove  Sp'gs,  Fla.. 

Green  Creek,  Ua 

Green  Creek,  N.O.- 

Green  Creek,  O 

Greendale,  Ind 

Greenilale,  Mich. 

Greene,  Ind 

Greene,  Ind 

Greene,  Ind 

Greene,  Ind 

Greene,  Ind 

Gi'eene,  Ind 

Greene,  Iowa 

Greene,  Iowa 

Greene,  Iowa 

Greene,  Kan 

Greene,  Kan 

Greene,  Me 

Greene,  Mo 

Greene,  Mo 

Greene,  Mo 

Greene,  N.J 

Greene,  N.Y.... 

Greene,  N.Y 

Greene,  N.C 

Greene,  O 

Greene,  O 

Greene,  0 

Greene,  0 

Greene,  0 

Greene,  0 

Greene,  Pa. 

Greene,  Pa 

Greene,  Pa . 

Greene,  Pa 

Greene,  Pa 

Greene,  Pa 

Greeneville,  Ga 

Greeneville,  Tenn 

Greenfield,  Ark 

Greenfield,  Ark 

Greenfield,  Ark 

Greenfield,  III 

Greenfield,  III 

Greenfield,  Ind 

Greenfield,  Ind 

Greenfield,  Ind 

Greenfield,  Iowa 

Greenfield,  Iowa 

Greenfield,  Iowa 

Greenfield,  Iowa 

Greenfiebi,  Iowa 

Greenfield,  Kan 

Greeufielil,  Kan 

Greenfield,  Me 

Greenfield,  Mass 

Greenfield,  Mich 

Greenfield,  Minn 

Greenfield,  Mo 

Greenfield,  N.H 

Greenfield,  N.Y 

Greenfield,  0 

Greenfield,  O 

Greenfield,  0 

Greenfield,  O 

Greenfield,  Pa 

Greenfield,  Pa 

Greenfield,  Pa 

Greenfield,  S.D 

Greenfield.  Tenn 

Greenfield,  Tenn 

Greenfield,  Wis 

Greenfield,  Wis 

Greenfield,  Wis 

Greenfield,  Wis 

Green  Fork,  Ind 

Green  Garden,  III 

Green  Garden,  Kan 

Green  Garden.  Neb 

Green  Grove,  Wis 

Green  Hill,  Ga 

Green  Hill,  Ind 

Green  Hill,  N.C 

Green  Island,  N.Y 

Green  Isle,  Minn 

Green  Isle,  Minn 

Green  Lake,  Mich 

Green  Lake,  Minn 

Green  Lake,  Wis ;. 

Greenland,  Mich 

Greenland,  N.H 

Greenland,  S.D 

Green  Lane,  Pa 

Greenleaf,  Kan 

Greenleaf,  Kan...... 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-town 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

post-tow  n 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

city 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

civil-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-lxjro' 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

post-Till 


County. 


Sullivan 

Clay 

Oglethorpe 

Polk 

i^andusky 

Dearborn 

Midland 

Jay 

Madison 

Morgan 

Parke 

Itandolph... 

Saint  Joseph.... 

Butler 

Iowa 

Wapello 

Harper 

Snmner 

.\ndroscoggin. 

Nodawuy 

Polk 

Worth 

Sussex 

Chenango 

Chenango 

Guilford 

Ashland 

Clark 

Harrison 

Shelby 

Trumbull 

Wayne 

Beaver 

Clinton 

Erie 

Greene 

Indiana. 

Pike 

Meriwether 

Greene 

Craighead 

Monroe 

Poinsett 

Greene 

Grundy 

Hancock......... 

La  Grange 

Orange 

Adair 

Adair 

Calhoun 

Jones 

Warren , 

Elk 

Itooks 

Penobscot 

Kmnklin 

Wayne 

Wabiislia 

Dade 

Hillsborough.. 

Saratoga 

Fairfield 

Gallia 

Highland 

Huron 

Blair 

Erie 

Lackawanna.. 

Brown 

Weakley 

Weakley 

I^a  Crosse 

Milwaukee , 

Monroe 

Sank 

Randolph- 

Will 

Ellsworth , 

Madison , 

Clark , 

Stewart , 

Warren 

Rutherford , 

Albany , 

Sibley 

Sibley  

Grand  Traverse 
Kandiyohi... 
Green  Lake.. 
Ontonagon  .. 
Rockingham 

McCook 

Montgomery.... 

Washington 

Washington 


Population, 


i,m5 

1,227 

4,495 

286 


1,444 

1,099 
1,234 
1,119 
1,140 
991 
711 
1,025 
1,093 


:i51 

999 
2,815 
1,430 

937 

727 
3,378 

9.^5 
l.OOfi 
2,287 
1,524 
1,6.59 
1,447 

863 
3,309 
1,249 
1,253 
l,.53l 

707 
2,606 
1,168 
2,175 
1,066 

470 


273 

085 

1,673 

2,013 

1,181 

1,518 

1,217 

684 

2.33 

1,083 

1,301 

1,075 

366 

337 

3,903 

2,216 

476 

712 

649 

2,448 

2,036 

1,209 

2,1<M 

900 

1,285 

1,020 

821 


2,040 
320 
869 

2,074 
686 
792 

2,126 

1,14 
430 


761 

194 

1,372 

4,160 

878 


408 

1,407 

825 

605 


187 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  and 
stiite. 


Greenleaf,  Mich 

Greeiilfttf,  Minn 

Greenleaf,  S.D 

Green  Meadow,  Idalio.. 
Green  Meadow,  Minn... 

Gieeii  Mill,  Fla 

Green  Mountain,  N.C... 
Green  Mountain  Falls, 

Col 

Green  Oak,  Mich 

Greenport,  N.Y 

Green  Prairie,  Minn.... 

Green  Kidge,  Mo 

Green  liiver,  N.C 

Green  River,  Wyo 

Greensborough,  Ala 

Greensborough,  Ala 

Greensborough,  Ga 

Greensborough,  Ga 

Greensborough,  Ind 

Greensborough,  Ind 

Greensborough,  Md 

Greensborough,  Md 

Greensborough,  Miss.... 

Greensborough,  N.C 

Greensborough,  Pa 

Greensborough,  Vt 

Greensburg,  Ind 

Greeusburg,  Kan 

Greensburg,  Ky 

Greensburg,  Ky 

Greensburg,  La 

Greensburg,  Mo 

Greensburg,  0.. 

Greensburg,  Pa 

Green  Sea,  S.C 

Greensport,  Ala 

Green  Spring,  Del 

Green  Spring,  0 

Green  Spring,  Va 

Green  Sulphur,  W.  Va.. 

Green  Top,  Mo 

Greentown,  Ind 

Green  Tree.  Pa 

Greenup,  111 

Greenup,  III 

Greenup,  Ky 

Greenup,  Ky 

Greenvale,  Minn 

Green  Valley,  Ac,  Cal.. 

Green  Valley,  Cal 

Green  Valley,  Minn 

Green  Valley,  Neb. 

Green  Valley,  S.D 

Green  Valley,  Wis 

Greenview,  III 

Greenview,  N.D 

Greenville,  Ala 

Greenville,  Ala 

Greenville,  Ark 

Greenville,  Fla 

Greenville,  III 

Greenville,  III 

Greenville,  Ind... 

Greenville,  Ind 

Greenville,  Ky 

Greenville,  Me 

Greenville,  Mich 

Greenville,  Miss 

Greenville,  Miss 

Greenville,  Nil , 

Greenville,  N.Y 

Greenville,  N.Y 

Greenville,  N.C 

Greenville,  N.C 

Greenville,  0 

Greenville,  0 

Greenville,  Pa 

Greenville,  Pa 

Greenville,  S.C 

Greenville,  S.C 

Greenville,  Tex 

Greenville,  Utah 

Greenville,  Va 

Greenville,  Wis 

Greenway,  Ark 

Greenway,  Va 

Greenwich,  Conn 

Greenwich,  Mass 

Greenwich,  N..J ^. 

Greenwich,  N.J 

Greenwich,  N.J 

Greenwich,  N.Y 

Greenwich,  N.Y 

Greenwich,  0 

Greenwich,  0 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

town«hi(> 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

city 

township 

post-vill 

district 

post-vill 

post- beat 

city 

post-boro' 

post-town 

city 

piist-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

piist-boro' 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-vill 

niag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-boro' 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

city 

township 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

city 

beat 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 


County. 


Sanilac... 
Meeker.., 

Hand 

Ada 

Norman.. 
Holmes... 
Yancey... 


El  Paso , 

Livingston 

Columbia 

Morrison , 

Pettis 

Henderson 

Sweetwater 

Hale 

Hale 

Greene 

Greene 

Henry 

Henry 

Caroline 

Caroline 

Webster 

Guilford 

Greene 

Orleans , 

Decatur 

Kiowa 

Green 

Green 

Saint  Helena.... 

Knox 

Putnam 

Westmoreland 

Horry 

Saint  Clair 

New  Castle 

Seneca 

Louisa 

Summers 

Schuyler , 

Howard 

Alleghany 

Cumberland  .... 

Cumberland 

Greenup , 

Greenup , 

Dakota 

San  Diego 

Solano 

Becker 

Holt , 

Miner 

Shawano 

Menard 

Steele , 

Butler. , 

Butler 

Clark 

Madison 

Bond 

Bureau 

Floyd 

Floyd 

Muhlenburg. .., 

Piscataquis 

Montcalm 

W^ashington.... 
Washington.... 
Hillsborough... 

Greene 

Orange 

Pitt 

Pitt 

Darke 

Darke 

Mercer 

Somerset 

Greenville 

Greenville 

Hunt 

Beaver. 


Population. 


612 
668 


Augusta 

Outagamie.... 

Clay 

Clarke  

Fairfield 

Hampshire... 
Cumberland., 
Gloucester.... 

Warren 

Washington.. 
Washington. 

Huron 

Huron 


1,002 

1,275 

214 

999 

971 

327 

5,:583 

1,833 

2,627 

1,621 

1,445 

223 

2,851 

684 

2,070 

2,105 

432 

1,061 

3,138 


3,365 
620 
297 

1,166 
940 

2,500 
961 

1,013 


720 

4,017 

1,646 

220 

236 


2,495 
605 

3,810 
833 
836 


709 


392 
450 


4,809 

2,471 

1,256 

2,145 

1,886 

1,008 

1,589 

393 

866 

586 

3,144 

7,451 

2,191 

1,072 

2,043 

1,002 

4,64" 

912 

6,807 

3,535 

3,007 

557 

8,312 

6,160 


214 

296 

1,326 


1,8.'H 
7,892 

633 
1,245 
2,598 
2,554 
3,860 
1,231 
1,376 

647 


806 
719 
lUJ 
253 
213 
372 
670 

421 

817 

1,247 

834 

1,315 

1,271 

723 

6,144 

1,759 

2,151 

1,313 

1,612 

318 

3,151 

902 

2,430 

3,317 

427 

018 

3,596 

615 

3,250 

552 

280 

1,.388 

1,098 

4,202 

1,300 

817 

372 

910 

4,448 

2,135 

238 

721 

685 

2,804 

858 

3,548 

669 

705 

1,173 

774 

123 

294 

208 

784 

1,106 

143 

5,372 

2,806 

1,011 

1,705 

1,868 

946 

1,415 

313 

968 

781 

3,a56 

8,902 

6,658 

1,255 

1,951 

802 

6,679 

1,937 

8,497 

5,473 

3,674 

619 

11,039 

8,607 

4,330 

209 

328 

1,246 

3:5 

1,691 

10,131 

526 

1,173 

1,900 

825 

4,196 

1,663 

1,516 

8i>l 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Greenwich,  Pa 

Greenwich,  Utah 

Greenwood,  Ala 

Greenwood,  Ala 

Greenwood,  Ark 

Greenwood,  Ark 

Greenwood,  Cal 

Greenwood,  Col 

Greenwood,  Del 

Greenwood,  III 

Greenwood,  III 

Greenwood,  Ind 

Greenwood,  Iowa.... 

Greenwood,  Kan 

Greenwood,  Kan 

Greenwood,  La 

Greenwood,  Me , 

Greenwood,  Mich.... 
Greenwood,  Mich.... 

Greenwood,  Mich 

Greenwood,  Mich.... 
Greenwood,  Mich..., 
Greenwood,  Minn.... 

Greenwood,  Miss 

Greenwood,  Mo 

Greenwood,  Neb  ..... 

Greenwood,  Neb 

Greenwood,  NY , 

Greenwood,  N.C 

Greenwood,  I'a 

Greenwood,  Pa 

Greenwood,  Pa 

Greenwood,  Pa , 

Greenwood,  Pa , 

Greenwood,  S.C 

Greenwood,  .''.C , 

Greenwood,  Wis 

Greenwood,  Wis 

Greer,  Ind 

Greer's  Depot,  S.C..., 

Gregg,  Ind 

Gregg,  Pa 

Gregg,  Pa 

Gregg,  a.C 

Gregg,  S.C 

Gregory,  Ark 

Gregory,  Mont , 

Greig,  N.Y 

Grenada,  Miss 

Grenola,  Kan , 

Grenville,  S.D 

Gretna,  La 

Gretna,  Neb 

Grey  Kagle,  Minn... 

Gricp,  Tenn 

Gridley,  Cal 

Gridley,  Cal 

Gridley,  111 , 

Gridley,  III 

Griffin,  Ark , 

Giiffln.  Ark , 

Griffin,  Ga 

Griffin,  Ga 

Griffin,  N.C 

Griffin,  N.C 

Grilton,N.C 

Griggs,  Ark 

Griggs,  Ark 

Griggs,  Iowa 

Griggsville,  111 

Griggsville,  111 

Grimes,  Ala 

Grimes,  Iowa 

Grindstone  City,  Mich. 

Grinnell,  Iowa 

Grinnell,  Iowa 

c;rinni'll,  Kan 

Grisliam,Ill 

Griswold,  Conn 

Griswold,  Iowa 

Gritter,  Ga 

Groesbeck,  Tex 

Grogan,  Ga 

Gross,  Md 

Grosse  Point,  Mich 

Grosse  Point,  Mich 

Gro  ton.  Conn 

Groton,  Ma^^s 

Groton,  N.H 

Groton,  N.Y 

Groton,  N.Y 

Groton,  0 

Groton,  S.D 

Groton,  S.D 

Groton,  Vt , 

Grouse  Creek,  Utah 


Rank  of 
place. 


County. 


township 

post-prect 

post-prect 

precinct 

towiiship 

post-tow  n 

post-twp 

post-prect 

|)08t-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

IX)St-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

post  town 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-twp 

civil-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

city 

niil.-dlBt 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

poet-town 

mil.-dixt 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

district 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post  town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

I)ost-vill 

post-town 

poat-prect 


Berks 

Pi  Ute 

Bullock 

Etowah 

Baxter 

Sebastian 

El  Dorado 

Custer 

Sussex 

Christian 

McHenry 

Johnson 

Kossuth 

Franklin 

Phillips 

Caddo 

Oxford 

Clare 

Oceana  

Oscoda 

Saint  Clair.... 

Wexford 

Hennepin 

Le  Flore 

Jackson 

Cass 

Cass 

Steuben 

Moore 

Clearfield 

Columbia 

Crawford 

Juniata 

Perry 

Abbeville 

Abbeville 

Taylor 

Vernon 

Warrick 

Greenville 

Morgan 

Centre 

Union 

Aiken  

Edgefield 

Conway 

.lefferson 

Lewis 

Grenada 

Elk 

Day 

JefTeison.^ 

Sarpy 

Todd 

Gibson. ...„ 

Butle 

Butte 

McLean 

McLean 

Conway 

Pope 

Spalding 

Wilkinson 

Martin 

Nash _.. 

Pitt 

Saint  Francis. 

Van  Buren 

Ida 

Pike 

Pike 

Pike 

Cerro  Gordo... 

Huron 

Poweshiek 

Poweshiek 

Grove 

Montgomery.... 
New  Loudon 

Cass 

Cobb 

Limestone ... 

Milton 

Alleghany... 

Wayne 

Wayne 

New  London.... 
Middlesex.... 

Grafton 

Tompkins.... 
Tompkins.... 

Erie 

Brown 

Brown 

Caledonia 

Box  Elder.... 

117- 


Population. 


1,988 
514 
4,688 
1,263 
245 
204 
602 


109 
1,073 
966 
448 
631 
786 
407 
174 
83S 
235 
529 


1,568 

122 

604 

308 

234 

883 

179 

1,386 

2,001 

455 

1,710 

l,til4 

601 

1,109 

3,76S 

745 


1,0.50 

1,214 

97 

1,181 

1,795 

904 

5,018 

6; 

968 


1,570 
1,914 


2,396 


150 
1,249 


352 

1,768 

419 

591 

811 

3,620 

1,303 

750 

1,367 


284 
1,289 

189 
2,640 
1,616 

805 


299 
3,297 
2,415 


774 
2,745 

350 
1,200 

402 

285 


2,458 
189 

5,128 

1,862 
666 

3,450 
913 

1,038 


1,014 
26' 


1,6,51 

181 

4,251 

419 

35T 

5,s7 

411 

410 

254 

1,075 

899 

862 

1,070 

725 

471 

133 

727 

2.'">9 

450 

131 

1,457 

197 

7(4 

l,0,-)5 

296 

772 

495 

1,312 

2,153 

666 

1,876 

1,465 

569 

868 

6,083 

1,326 

233 

1,120 

1,208 

320 

961 

1,688 

964 

4,816 

76 

974 

97 

1,481 

2,416 

608 

1,025 

3,.332 

255 

408 

1,266 

1,323 

686 

1,099 

474 

640 

811 

4,503 

1,227 

847 

1,967 

121 

580 

858 

1,263 

2,284 

1,400 

1,198 

410 

462 

4,006 

3,:«2 

664 

896 
3,113 

752 
1,619 

663 

282 

152 
3,145 

298 
5,539 
2,067 

464 
3,572 
1,280 

888 
1,040 

684 
1,940 

274 


eiTIKS,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


XMMof  plM«an4 
■tMt. 


«»Mt,  MIeh 

«twTr,  111 „ 

ttt*««.  low*. 

9roTe,  Iowa. 

•nvo,  Iowa.  — .....>. 
Oiove,  lowK.. ............. 

Arove,  low*. 

Grove,  luwa 

OroT«,  low*. » 

QroTo,  Km>~ 

Grove,  Kt - 

Grave,  Mich 

Grore,  Minn 

Grove,  Mo 

Orovp,  Nob. 

Grove,  N.Y 

Grove,  N.a 

Grove,  Pa. 

Grove,  aC- 

Grove  Ulty,  Fla. — 

Grove  City,  Minn 

Grove  aty,  0 - 

Grove  City,  Pa 

Grove  Hill,  Ala 

Grove  Hill,  Ala. 

Grove  Hill,  Ga 

Grove  Lake,  Minn 

Grovcland,  III 

Groveland,  111 

tirovelaiiil,  Kun 

Orovelaiid,  Mai«*..„ 

OroveluDil,  Mich- 

Orovelttiid,  N.Y 

QrovelatiU,  S.D 

Groven^i,  81) 

Grove  I'nrk,  Miiia 

Qrovepurt,  U 

Grover,  Col 

Grover,  III 

Grover,  N.C 

Grover,  Wis 

Groverville,  Ga 

Qrovetuii,  Tex 

QrovetowD,  Ga 

Grow,  Miun „ 

Qrubbs,  Ark 

Grugaii,  Pa 

Qruudy,  Va. 

Gnind.v  Centre,  Iowa.. 

Guadalupe,  Cul 

Guadalupe,  N.M 

Uuiidalupita,  N.M 

Qubeer,  Ky 

Guejito,  Ciil 

Guelpb,  Kao 

Guide  Uock,  Neb 

Guide  lioilc,  Nel 

Guilderland,  N.Y 

Guildhall,  Vt 

Guilford,  Conn 

Guilford,  III 

Guilford,  III 

Guilford,  Ind 

Guilford,  Iowa 

Guilford,  Kan _ 

Guilford,  Me 

Guilford,  Minn 

Guilford,  N.Y 

Guilford,  0 _.. 

Guilford,  Pa 

Oullfor.1,  Vt 

Guilford,  Va 

Guin,  Ala. 

Guittard,  Kun 

Gulf,  N.C. 

Golf  llatumock,  Fla.. 

Quiicli,  Pa _ 

GulledRe,  N.C...„ _ 

Gull  Kiver,  Minn 

Gum,  Ky _ 

Gum,  Ky 

Gumburough,  Del 

Gum  ('reek^Ga._ 

Gum  Log,  Ark 

Gum  Ix>g,  Ga- 

Gum  Log,  Gh. 

Gum  Neck,  N.C 

Gum  ?i>ring,  Ala 

Gum  Springs,  Ala. 

Gnmwoods,  Ark_ 

Gun  City,  Bio 

Oniilock,  Utah 

Gunn,  Ga. „ 

Guniiell,  Ga. 

Guniiigtjn,  Col. ._....„ 
ttutniaon,  CoL 

118 


BMkof 


towtwhip 
townvbip 
towneliip 
township 
township 
post-twp 
township 
township 
towniihi|> 
township 
mag.-dist 
township 

tOWIHlhip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

pusl-twp 

poHt-prxit 

(lost'Vill 

p«8(-vill 

JlOSt-lKJTO' 

precinct 

(lost-vill 

mil.-dUt 

post-twp 

township 

|K>st-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

portt'twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

mil.-dist 

|)08t-town 

uiil.-<list 

township 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

(lost-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

p»iHt-town 

township 

|>ost-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

township 

(Kist-twp 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

ning.-dist 

hundred 

niil.-dist 

|>ost-twp 

uiil.-dlxt 

mll.-dlRt 

|MMii-twp 

lKiet-piect 

precinct 

township 

poet-tow  II 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

city 


Ooonty. 


Gladwin. 

Jaopor. 

Adair 

Ctm 

Davis  , 

llumUddt 

Pottawattamie 

Shelby 

Taylor 

Bene 

Green 

Crawford.- 

Stenriis 

Johnson 

Madi«on 

Alleghany 

Harnett. 

Cameron 

Greenville 

OeSoto 

Meeker 

Franklin 

Mercer 

Clarke 

Clarke 

Madison 

Pope 

lA  Salle 

Tastewell 

HcPherson 

Kssex 

Oakland 

Livingston 

Spink , 

Moody 

Polk , 

Franklin 

Weld 

Wayne , 

Cleveland 

Taylor 

Bi-ouks 

Trinity 

Columbia 

Anoka 

Jackson 

Clinton 

Buchanan 

Gnindy 

Conejos 

Bernalillo 

Mora 

Campbell 

San  Diego 

Snmiier 

Webster 

Webster 

Albany 

Kssex 

Nsw  Haven 

Jo  Daviess 

Winnebago 

Hendricks 

Monroe 

Wilson 

Piscataquis 

Wabasha 

Chenango 

Medina 

Franklin 

Windham 

Surry 

Marion 

Mai  shall 

Chnthani 

Levy 

Clearfield 

Anson 

Cuss 

Monroe 

Simpson 

Sussex 

Newton 

Pope 

Franklin 

Union.-.. 

Tyrrell 

Blount 

Ktowah 

Lonoke 

Cass 

WnshingtoD.... 

Baldwin 

Franklin 

Gnnnison 

Gonniaon,- 


PopuUUoM. 


1880.      1800. 


616 
6U6 


1,06a 
381 

l,0i»2 
818 
76« 
£48 

1,426 
166 
726 

1,188 


1,126 
897 
494 

2,361 


230 
160 


1,609 

176 

1,633 

381 

1,688 

1,505 

479 

2,227 

1,126 

1,342 


2,193 


4»7 
419 


291 

1,871 

960 


723 
967 


3,459 

568 

2,782 

1,080 

1,014 

2,691 

674 

549 

881 

2,441 

1,872 
3,190 
1,096 
2,C5'2 


1,022 
2,133 
681 
1,088 
2,285 


1,584 
1,652 
1,611 
1,066 

62.5 
1,199 

600 
1,129 


600 
4<i7 
l;« 
i.-ie 

781 


888 


1,664 

1,3;« 
760 
860 
026 
672 
026 
721 
791 

1,022 

1,416 
204 
738 

1,026 
641 
956 

1,266 
784 

3,614 
64 
349 
272 

1,160 

2,163 
226 

2,010 
403 

1,601 

1,457 
571 

2,191 
917 

1,307 
131 
609 
305 
678 

2,4.')4 

126 

206 

1,548 

1,076 

1,060 

485 

638 

2-29 

2,114 

1,161 

610 

260 

309 

945 

143 

1,031 

887 

336 

3,6116 

511 

2,780 

933 

909 

2,609 

662 

677 

1,023 

825 

2,236 

1,841 

3,754 

870 

3,011 

1,048 

1,210 

2,623 

650 

1,300 

2,541 

439 

1,678 

1,378 

1,366 

1,049 

660 

950 

789 

960 

683 

929 

1,156 

198 

92 

711 

1,359 

909 

1,105 


Kame  of  place  and 


Ounntson,  Utnh 

Gun  PIsliis.  Mich 

Gunxight,  Tex 

Guntersville,  Ala 

Guntersville,  Ala 

Gurdofi,  Ark 

Gurley,  Ala 

Gurley,  Ala 

Ouriiee,  Ala 

Gustavus,  O 

Onstin,  Mich 

Guthrie,  Ark 

Guthrie,  Ind 

Guthrie,  Ky 

Gntlirie,  Mo 

Guthrie,  Okia 

Guthrie  Centre,  Iowa... 

Gnttenberg.  Iowa. 

Guttenburg,  N.J 

Giiy,  Col 

Ouyan,  O 

Guyanilotte,  W.  Va 

Gu.vaiidotte,  W.  Va 

Guyton,  Ga 

Gwaltney,  N.C 

Gwynedd,  Pa 

Gjpsum,  Col 

Gypsun>,  Kan 

Gypsum,  Kan 

Gyiieum,  Kan 

Gypsum  Creek,  Kan 

Hachita,  N.M 

Hackberry,  Kan 

Hackberry,  Neb 

Hackberry,  Tenn 

Hackensack,  N.J 

Hai-ker  Creek,  W.  Va... 
Hacker  Valley,  W.  Va.. 

Hackett,  Ark 

Hiickett,  Wis 

Hackettstown,  N.J.- 

Hackleburp,  Ala 

Hackiieyvilie,  Ala 

Haddam,  Conn 

Haddani,  Kan 

Haddam,  Knn 

lladdon,  Ind 

Haddon,  N.J 

Haddonfield,  N.J.. 

Hadensville,  Ky 

Hadles',  Ark 

Hadley,  III 

Hadley,  Ky.. 

Hadley,  Mass 

Hadley,  Mich 

Hadley,  Mich 

Hadley,  N.Y 

Hadley,  N.C 

Hadlotk,  Wash 

Hadlock,  Wash 

Haguman's  Mills,  N.Y.. 

Hagan,  Ga 

Hagiir,  Mich 

Hageinan,  Ind 

Hagen,  Minn 

Hager  Shoal,  Ky 

Hagerstown,  Ind 

Hagerstown,  Md 

Hagerstown,  Md 

Hague,  N.Y 

Hague,  S.D 

Itahnaman,  111 

Hahn'H  Peak,  Col 

Hahnstown,  Pa 

Hahnville,  La 

Haighler,  Neb 

Halle  Gold  Mine,  S.C... 

Hailey,  Idaho 

Haines,  III 

Haines,  Neb. 

Haines,  Ore 

Haines,  Pa 

Halbert,  Ind 

Halbert,  Ky 

Halcott,  N.Y..- 

Hale,  Ark 

Hale,  III 

Hale,  Iowa 

Hale,  Minn 

Hale,  Mo 

Hale,  0 

Hale,  Wis 

Half  Acre,  Ga, 

Half  Moon,  N.Y..... 

Hiilf  Moon,  Pa 

UaUfax,  Mass 


Rank  of 
place. 


poat^prect 

township 

post-town 

precinct  , 

pott'ViU 

|)oet-towu 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

|>06t-twp 

township 

l)ost-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

civil-dist 

{lost-vill 

mag.-dist 

hiag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

I)Ost-prect 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

Ix)8t-lioro' 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

mag-dist 

post-town 

district 

postvlU 

jiost-town 

township 

township 

Ijost-prect 

village 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

post  pi  ect 

township 

precinct 

jiost-prect 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township ' 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

JK)8t-twp 

mil.-dist 
|x)st-town 
township 
i  port-town 


County. 


San  Pete 

Allegan 

Stephens 

Marshall 

Marshall 

Clark 

Madison 

Madison 

Shelby , 

Trumbull , 

Alcona 

Izard 

Lawrence 

Todd , 

Callaway , 

Logan ». 

Guthrie. , 

Clayton , 

Hudson 

Jefferson , 

Gallia 

Caliell 

Cabell 

Effingham 

Alexander 

Montgomery..., 

f^gle 

Saline 

Saline 

Sedgwick , 

Mcpherson 

Grant 

Lalietle.. 

Polk 

Loudon 

Bergen 

Lewis 

Webster 

Selmstian 

Price 

Warren 

Marion 

Tallapoosa 

Middlesex 

Wnsliington.... 
Washington.... 

Sullivan 

Camden 

('auiden 

Todd 

Columbia 

Pike 

Warren 

Hampshire 

Lapeer 

Ijvpeer 

Saratoga 

Chatham 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Montgomery... 

Bulloch 

Berrien 

Porter 

Clay 

Floyd 

Wayne 

Washington.... 
Washington.... 

Warren 

Clark 

Whiteside 

Routt 

Westmoreland. 
Saint  Charles.. 

Dnndy 

Lancaster 

Alturas 

Marion 

Cheyenne 

Baker. 

Centie 

Martin 

Floyd 

Greene 

Garland 

Warren 

Jones 

McLeod 

Carroll 

Hardin 

Trempealeau.. 

Putnam 

Saratoga 

Centre 

Plymouth.... 


Population. 


729 
2,621 


1,080 
325 


563 

1,224 

322 


571 
1,076 
1,200 


2,277 

6,883 

bl9 


1,321 
2,041 


676 
642 


1,104 

827 

623 

4,24b 

3,091 

172 


2,502 


2,218 
2,419 


2,725 
2,651 
1,480 
1,856 

668 
1,254 
1,740 
1,938 
1,474 

293 
1,095 
1,488 


1,073 
94G 


4,031 

6,627 

807 


800 
*432 


1,129 


1,422 

1,913 
600 
396 
387 

1,041 
906 

1,233 


1,740 

l,.i01 

709 

3,102 

CC4 

642 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890   COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Halifax,  N.C 

Halifax,  N.C 

Halifax,  Pa 

Halifax,  Pa 

Halifax,  Vt 

Hall,  Ga 

Hall,  in 

Hall,  Iiid 

Hall,  Kan 

Hall,  Neb 

Hall,  N.C ...... 

Hull,  N.C 

Hall,  N.D 

Hall,  S.C 

Halladaw,  Ga 

Hall  Cross  Roads,  Md... 

Hallet,  Kan 

Halletsville,  Tex 

Halliday,  Ark 

Hallnian,  Ala 

Halloca,  Ga 

Hallock,  III 

Hallock,  Minn 

Hallock,  Minn 

Hallowell,Me 

Hallsborough,  N.C 

Hallstead,  Pa 

Hallsville,  Mo 

Hall8ville,N.G 

Hall  Valley,  Col 

Halmons,  Ala 

Halpin,  Ala 

HalBellville,  S.C 

Halsey,  Ore 

Halsey,  Ore 

Halsey,  Wis 

HalHtad,  Minn 

Halstead,  Kan 

Halstead,  Kan 

Hanibliii,  Ind 

Haniblin,  Ulali 

Hamburg,  Ala 

Hamburg,  Ala.... 

Hamburg,  Ark 

Hamburg,  Fla 

Hamburg,  III 

Hamburg,  Iowa 

Hamburg,  Iowa 

Hamburg,  Mich 

Hamburg,  N.Y 

Hamburg,  N.Y 

Hamburg,  NC 

Hamburg,  Pa 

Hamburg,  S.C 

Hamburg,  Tenn 

Hamburg,  Wis 

Hamburg,  Wis 

Hamby,  Ky 

Hamden,  Conn 

Hamden,  Minn 

Hamden,  N.Y 

Hamden,  0 

Hamel,  III 

Hauler,  O 

Hamer^^ville,  0 

Hamilton,  Ala 

Hamilton,  Ark 

Hamilton,  Cal 

Hamilton,  Ga 

Hamilton,  III 

Hamilton,  III 

Hamilton,  Ind 

Hamilton,  Ind 

Hamilton,  Ind 

Hamilton,  Iowa 

Hamilton,  Iowa 

Hamilton,  Iowa 

Hamilton,  Kan 

Hamilton,  Kan 

Hamilton,  Ky 

Hamilton,  Ky 

Hamilton,  Blass 

Hamilton,  Mich.  

Hamilton,  Mich 

Hamilton,  Mich 

Hamilton,  Mo 

Hamilton,  Mo 

Hamilton,  Mo 

Hamilton,  Neb 

Hamilton,  Neb 

Hamilton,  N.J 

Hamilton,  N.J 

Hamilton,  N.Y , 

Hamilton,  N.Y 

Hamilton,  N.C , 

Hamilton,  N.C 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

post-vill 

township 

posl-boro' 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dibt 

district 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

city 

post-town 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-vill 

ix)st-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-pvct 

post-town 

post-prect 

()Osttwp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

post-vill 

|.ost-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

village 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

mil.-dist 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

townsliip 

post-vill 


County. 


Halifax , 

Halifax 

Dauphin  

l>Huphin 

Windham 

Hart 

Bureau 

Dubois 

Thomas 

Lincoln 

Gates 

Sampson 

Sargent 

Anderson-. 

Greene 

Harford 

Hodgeman 

Lavaca 

Greene 

Bibb 

Chattahoochee 

Peoria 

Kittson 

Kittson 

Kennebec. 

Columbus 

Susqueiiauua.... 

Boone 

Duplin 

Park 

Baldwin 

Randolph 

Chester 

Linn 

Linn 

Marathon 

Norman 

Harvey 

Harvey 

Brown 

Washington 

Chambers 

Perry 

Ashley 

Madison 

Calhoun 

Fremont 

Fremont 

Livingston 

Erie 

Erie 

Jackson 

Berks 

Aiken 

Hardin 

Marathon 

Vernon 

Christian , 

New  Haven 

Becker , 

Delaware , 

Vinton , 

Madison 

Highland 

Brown 

Marion 

Lonoke 

Butte 

Harris 

Hancock 

Lee 

Delaware 

Jackson 

Sullivan 

Decatur 

Franklin 

Hamilton 

Elli.s 

Greenwood 

Boone 

Ohio 

Essex 

Clare 

Gratiot 

Van  Bnren. 

Caldwell 

Caldwell 

Harrison „.. 

Fillmore 

Hamilton 

Atlantic 

Mercer 

Madison 

Madison 

Martin 

Martin 


Fopuhition. 


3,888 
370 

1,406 
586 
8fi2 
68'J 

1,058 

1,306 


1,248 


1,517 

611 

5,817 


450 

6(X) 
1,085 


3,164 


646 
60 
50 


719 

1,H88 

885 

306 


29-2 
870 


2,093 


1,806 
2,218 

747 
2,374 

904 


2,036 

919 

3,234 

758 

688 

2,010 

4«5 

121 

563 

1,156 

1,677 

3,408 

316 

1,496 

520 

1,222 

1,051 

231 


583 

2,755 

1,703 

1,025 

427 

1,217 

1,924 

4,485 

840 

417 

886 

232 


1,293 
283 
9^5 


666 

1,127 

2,004 

1,2(X) 

803 

440 

439 

1,464 

3,370 

.3,912 

1,638 

1,933 

369 


3,476 

361 

1,208 

515 

702 

975 

5,683 

1,406 

570 

373 

856 

1,338 

311 

1,793 

568 

6,729 

122 

1,011 

327 

789 

476 

1,084 

496 

302 

3,181 

145 

1,107 

92 

24 

40 

492 

807 

1,896 

719 

270 

654 

799 

1,817 

1,071 

1,U59 

41 

2,353 

1,702 

656 

2,416 

962 

1,634 

l,6:t4 

918 

3,802 

1,331 

842 

2,127 

484 

111 

693 

1,081 

967 

3,882 

437 

1,507 

622 

1,205 

938 

264 

1,525 

720 

1,819 

2,010 

1,301 

329 

1,340 

1,868 

4,241 

800 

591 

647 

.327 

206 

1,042 

3U2 

961 

808 

752 

966 

2,527 

1,641 

869 

623 

710 

1,512 

4,163 

3,923 

1,744 

2,247 

781 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Hamilton,  N.D.. 

Hamilton,  N.D 

Hamilton,  0 

Hamilton,  0 

Hamilton,  O 

Hamilton,  0 

Hamilton,  0 

Hamilton,  Ore 

Hamilton,  Pa 

Hamilton,  Pa 

Hamilton,  Pa 

Hamilton,  Pa 

Hamilton,  Pa 

Hamilton,  S.D 

Hamilton,  Tex 

Hamilton,  Va 

Hamilton,  Va 

Hamilton,  Wash 

Hamilton,  W.  Va 

Hamilton,  Wis 

Hamiltonban,  Pa 

Ham  Lake,  Minn 

Hamler,  0 

Hamlin,  Iowa 

Hamlin,  Kan 

Hamlin,  Kan 

Hamlin,  Mich 

Hamlin,  Mich 

Hamlin,  Minn 

Hamlin,  N.Y 

Hamlin,  N.D 

Hamlin,  N.D.„ 

Hamlin,  Pa 

Hamlin,  S.U 

Hammer,  Minn 

Hammock,  Ga 

Hammock,  Ga 

Hammond,  Ind 

Hammond,  Ind 

Hammond,  La 

Hammond,  Minn 

Hammond,  Neb. 

Hammond,  N.Y 

Hammond,  S.C 

Hammond,  Wis 

Hammond,  Wis 

Hammondsport,  N.Y... 

H'.immonton,  N.J 

Hammonville,  Ky 

Hampden,  Ala 

Hampden,  Kan 

Hampden,  Me 

Hampden,  Mass 

Hampden,  Minn 

Hampden,  0 

Hampden,  Pa 

Hampden,  Va 

Hampden,  Wis 

Hampshire,  111 

Hampshire,  111 

Hampshire,  Iowa 

Hampstead,  Md 

Hampstead,  Md 

Hampstead,  N.H 

Hampton,  Ark 

Hampton,  Ark 

Hampton,  Ark 

Hampton,  Conn 

Hampton,  Ga 

Hampton,  Ga 

Hampton,  Ga 

Hampton,  111 

Hamptou,  111 

Hampton,  Iowa. 

Hampton,  Kan 

Hampton,  Mich 

Hampton,  Minn 

Hampton,  Neb 

Hampton,  N.H 

Hampton,  N.J 

Hampton,  N.Y 

Hampton,  Pa 

Hampton,  S.C 

Hampton,  Tenn 

Hampton,  Va 

Hampton,  Va 

Hampton,  Va 

Hamptonbnrp,  N.Y 

Hampton  City,  Ky 

Hampton  Falls,  N.H.... 

Hampton  Mill,  Ga 

Hamtramck,  Mich 

Hanaford,  Wash 

Hanceville,  Ala 

Hancock,  111 

Hancock,  Iowa 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

post-vill 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post  twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

city 

township 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post  twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

district 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

townithip 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

civil-dist 

m»g..dist 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

village 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

township 


County. 


Pembina 

Pembina 

Butler 

Franklin 

.lackson 

Lawrence 

Warren 

Grant 

Adams 

Franklin 

McKean 

Monroe 

Tioga 

Charles  Mix.... 

Hamilton 

('umberland 

Loudoun 

Skagit 

Nicholas 

La  Crosse 

Adams 

Anoka 

Henry 

Audubon 

Prown 

Brown 

Eaton 

Mason 

Lac-qui-Parle... 

Monroe 

Nelson 

Sargent 

McKean 

Hamlin 

Yellow  Med 

Jones 

Twiggs 

Lake 

Spencer 

Tangipahoa 

Polk 

Nuckolls 

Saint  Lawrence 

Aiken 

St.  Croix 

St.  Croix 

Steul)en 

Atlantic 

Hart 

Marengo 

Coffey 

Penoliscot 

Hampden 

Kittson 

Geauga 

Cumberland  ... 
Prince  Edward 

Columbia 

Kane 

Kane 

Clinton 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Ro<-kingham.... 

Calhoun 

Lee 

Slarion 

Windham 

Henry 

Henry 

Polk 

Rock  Island 

Rock  Island 

Franklin 

Rush 

Bay 

Dakota. 

Hamilton 

Rockingham.... 

Sussex 

Washington 

Alleghany 

Hampton 

Carter 

Elizabeth  City.. 
Elizabeth  City. 
Rappahannock 

Orange 

Boyd 

Rockingham.... 

Laurens 

Wayne 

Lewis 

Blount 

Hancock 

Plymouth 

119 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


12,122 
1,485 
819 
1,168 
2,523 


721 
1,766 

6:39 
1,875 
2,000 

"277 

3,930 

248 


1,955 

1,661 

1,6G!» 

235 

231 

376 

1,025 

i:h5 

1,316 
3(J« 
146 

2,556 


330 


238 
688 
679 
699 
2,890 
277 


1,860 

3,589 

1,418 

3C1 

755 

1,776 

3,01-2 

9.59 

586 

2,911 

968 

416 

666 

1,00(J 

3,178 

944 

1,486 

483 

959 

1,983 

306 

959 

150 

899 

629 

827 

2,311 

621 

1,470 

3,437 

676 

1,598 

676 

2,016 

805 


1,184 
895 
833 

1,003 
169 


1,594 
2,684 
2,fi06 
1,143 
384 
678 
l,fKI9 
4,440 


1,130 


TOO 

257 

17,565 

1,507 

623 

1,389 

1,996 

352 

651 

1,680 

1,734 

1,626 

2,375 

207 

726 

3,276 

407 

203 

1,787 

1,942 

1,831 

384 

558 

80« 

1,207 

216 

1,224 

85 

292 

2,:«8 

180 

216 

1,722 

278 

315 

637 

388 

.5,428 

2,629 

6it2 

100 

457 

1,774 

3,276 

1,278 

388 

934 

3.833 

2,475 

933 

598 

2,484 

!<31 

242 

606 

964 

2,945 

(■61 

1,618 

696 

904 

2,202 

521 

860 

132 

1,520 

750 

632 

2,'255- 

422 

1,578 

2,164 

341 

2,067 

590 

2,890 

725 

430 

1,.330 

866 

791 

1,324 

318 

607 

2,513 

2,513 

1,>*60 

1,129 

425 

622 

489 

4,025 

138 

530 

894 

150^ 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


N»in»  of  place  ami 
•ut*. 


Hancock,  Iuwa._ 

Rancuck,  Kan 

Hancock,  Me. 

Hancock,  Mil 

Hancock,  Md 

Hancock,  Maae. 

Hancock,  HIch 

UaiirtH-k,  Mich 

Huncock,  Miiiii 

HaiirtK-k,  Mliiii 

Hancock,  Kel 

Hancock.  N.H 

Hancock,  N.Y 

Hancock,  NY 

Hancock,  N  D 

Hancock,  Vt 

HanctK-k,  Wit 

UaiidslionMigh,  Hies... 

Hanily,  Blicli 

Han.y,  Wis 

Hanfoitl,  CmI 

Hanging  Grove,  Ind.... 

Hanging  Rock,  O 

Hanniann,  Col 

Hanna,  III 

Hanna,  Ind.... 

Banna,  Wyo 

Hannan,  W.  Va 

Hannibal,  Mo 

Hannil«I,  N.Y 

Hannibal,  N.Y 

Hanover,  Ala 

Hanover,  111 

Hanover,  III 

Hanover,  HI 

Hanover,  Ind 

Hanover,  Ind 

Hanover,  Ind 

Hanover,  Ind 

Hanover,  Iowa 

Hanover,  Iowa 

Hanover,  Kan 

Ilunover,  Kan 

Hanover,  Kan 

Hanover,  Me 

Hanover,  Mags 

Hanover,  Mich 

Hanover,  Mich 

Hanover,  Mich 

Hanover,  Neb 

Hanover,  Neb 

Hanover,  N.H 

Hanover,  N.J 

Hanover,  N.Y 

HHUover,  0 

Hanover,  0 

Hanover,  O 

Hanover,  0 

Hanover,  O 

Hanover,  0 

Hanover,  Pa 

Hanover,  Ta 

Hanover,  Pa 

Hanover,  Pa 

Hanover,  Pa , 

Hanover,  Pa , 

Hansford,  Tenn 

Hansfonl  Mill,  Fla 

Hanson,  Ky 

Hanson,  Ky , 

Hanson,  Muas. 

Hanson,  8.D 

Hanson,  S.D , 

Hansonville,  Minn 

liantho,  Minn 

Hanvers,  Md , 

Happy  Camp,  Cal 

Happy  Hollow,  Kan.... 

Haralson,  Gh , 

Haralson,  Ga 

Harbin,  Ga. 

Hnrliin,  Ga 

Harbison,  Ind 

Harlior  Creek,  Pa 

Harbor  Springs,  Micb. 

Hardee,  W.  Va 

HHrdeeville,  SC _, 

Hardenburg,  N.Y 

Hardin,  Ark 

Hardin,  CoL 

Hardin,  Ill_ 

Hardin,  III 

Hardin,  111 

Hardin,  Iowa 

Hardm,  Iowa 

Haidin,  Iowa. 

120 


Bank  of 


poat-town 

township 

po*t-lown 

district 

poat-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post  vill 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

|X>8t-vlll 

post-twp 

post-town 

po»t-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township  . 

post-vill 

prwinct 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

city 

township 

post-vill 

[wst-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

l)OSt-Vlll 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-tow  n 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

liost-town 

piist-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

village 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-bo  ro' 

post  town 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

liost-vili 

post-town 

town-hip 

township 

township 

township 

district 

post-twp 

township 

mil.-dist 

|)ost-vilI 

niil.-<list 

mil.-dist 

township 

post  twp 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post  prect 

township 

p<«t-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


PotUwallamIe 

Osborne 

Hancock 

Waahington 

Wasliliigton 

Berkshire 

Houghton- 

Houghton 

Carver 

Stevens 

Wayne 

Hillsborough.... 

Delaware 

Delaware 

McLean 

Addison 

Waushara 

Harrison 

Livingston 

Crawford 

Tulare 

Jasper. 

Lawrence 

Saguache 

Henry 

La  Porte 

Carbon 

Mason 

Marion 

Oswego 

Oswego 

Coosa 

Cook 

Jo  Daviess 

Jo  Daviess 

Jefferson. 

Jefferson 

Lake 

Shelby 

Allamakee 

Crawford 

Lincoln  

Washington 

Washington 

Oxford 

Plymouth 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Wexford 

Adams 

Gage 

Grafton 

Morris 

Chautauqua 

Ashland 

Butler 

Columbiana 

Columbiana..... 

Licking 

Licking 

Beaver 

Lehigh 

Luzerne 

Northampton... 

Washington 

York 

Lauderdale 

Calhoun 

Hopkins 

Hopkins 

Plymouth 

Brown 

Hanson 

Lincoln 

lAC-qui-Parle... 

Frederick 

Siskiyou 

Graham.. 

Coweta 

Coweta 

Cherokee 

Gwinnett. 

Dubois 

Erie 

Emmet. 

Logan 

Beaufort 

Ulster 

Faulkner 

Weld 

Calhoun 

Calhoun 

Pike 

Greene 

Hardin 

Jobnaon.. 


Population. 


1880.      1800. 


I,(iW) 

931 

642 

8,041 

1,7&1 

681 

01 


(iSO 

3,i!3« 

G86 


382 
675 
51» 
2,301 
RIG 
269 
448 
624 


78fi 
695 


3,285 
11,074 

3,173 
490 
822 

1,300 

1,410 
459 

1,14.1 
376 

1,(K)9 

1,087 
601 
632 


2,108 
,578 

2m 

1,897 

1,7H2 

300 

154 


267 
2,147 
4,138 
4,221 
2,316 
1,352 
2,258 

443 
l,2:i6 

302 
1,351 
3,813 
2,000 

503 
1,880 
2,317 

'""218 
2,020 


1,309 


1.52 
243 

1,505 
696 


1,356 

780 

1,0-23 

1,781 


1,380 
252 
801 
886 


807 

300 
1,410 

507 
1,986 

834 


167 

341 

1,190 

2,079 

816 

606 

2,73,5 

1,772 

660 

218 

:i88 

637 

4,746 

1,279 

71 

283 

660 

1,021 

2,103 

738 

042 

479 

846 

66 

637 

717 

2G0 

2,2.16 

12,867 

2,688 

462 

687 

1,501 

1,666 

743 

1,082 

469 

086 

1,858 

639 

821 

342 

1,757 

1103 

212 

2,093 

1,676 

363 

209 

665 

641 

1,817 

4,481 

4,616 

1,092 

1,160 

2,082 

366 

1,172 

288 

1,213 

2,H63 

2,579 

440 

1,767 

3,746 

441 

257 

?  2,300 

376 

1,267 

620 

268 

403 

514 

1,415 

403 

275 

676 

114 

1,058 

943 

1,019 

1,660 

1,052 

2,490 

649 

784 

1,1-28 

259 

807 

311 

1,051 

601 

2,717 

710 


Name  of  place  and 
■Ute. 


Hardin,  Iowa 

Hardin,  Iowa 

Hardin,  Mo 

Hardin,  Mo 

Hardin,  Ore 

Harding,  Ore 

Hardiiisburg,  Ind. 

Hardinsburg,  Ky 

Hanlinsburg,  Ky 

Hardison,  Ky 

Hardison,  Wash 

Hardman,  Ore 

Hard^crabble.  Col 

Hardwick,  Ala 

Hardwick,  Ala 

Hardwick,  Mass 

Hardwick,  N.J 

Hardwick,  Vt 

Hardwick  Creek,  Ky.... 

Hardy,  Ark 

Hardy,  Ark 

Hardy,  Neb 

Hardy,  Neb„ 

Hardy,  0 

Hardy,  Va 

Hardvsfon,  N.J 

Hardyville,  Ky 

Hares,  Ala 

Harford,  NY 

Harford,  Pa 

Haring,  Mich 

Harlan,  Iowa 

Ilanlun,  Iowa 

Harlan,  Iowa 

Harlan,  Iowa 

Harlan,  Kan 

Har!an,  Kan 

Harlan,  Kan 

Harlan,  Ky 

Harlan,  Neb 

Harlan,  0 

Harleeville,  S.O 

Harlem,  Ga 

Harlem,  Ga 

Harlem,  III 

Harlem,  111 

Harlem,  N.D 

Harlem,  N.D 

Harlem,  0 

Harlem  Springs,  0 

Harman,  Col 

Hnrmer,  Pa 

Harmon,  III 

Harmon,  III 

Harmon,  Kan 

Harmon,  Mich 

Harmony,  Ala 

Harmony,  Ala 

Harmony,  III 

Harmony,  Ind 

Harmony,  Ind 

Harmonj',  Ind 

Harmony,  Kan 

Harmony,  Ky 

Harmony,  Ky 

Harmony,  Ky 

Harmony,  Me 

Harmony,  Md 

Harmony,  Minn 

Harmony,  Minn 

Harmony,  Mo 

Harmony,  Neb 

Harmony,  N.J 

Harmony,  N.Y 

Harmony,  N.D 

Ilarmony,  0 

Harmony,  0 

Harmony,  Pa 

Harmony,  Pa 

Harmony,  Pa 

Harmony,  Pa 

Harmony,  8.C 

Harmony,  S.D 

Harmony,  S.D 

Harmony,  8  D 

Harmony,  Wis 

Harmony,  Wis 

Harmony  Grove,  Ga 

Harnett,  N.C 

Harney,  Ore 

Harnev.  Ore 

Harp,  III 

Harper,  Ark 

Harper,  Iowa 

Harper,  Kan 

Harper,  Kan 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

poat-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

poat-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

lireclnct 

poet-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

|K)St-tWp 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

|>o8t-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

mag.-dist 

Ijrecinct 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

l)ost-tow-n 

precinct 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

ixjst  town 

township 

township 

ti>wn8iiip 

precinct 

mag -d  1st 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

district 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

town.ship 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 


County. 


Pottawattamie 

Webster 

Clinton 

Ray 

Crook 

Clackamaa 

Washington 

Breckenridge... 
Breckenridgo... 

Logan 

Klickitat 

Morrow 

Fremont 

Blount 

Henry 

Worcester. 

Warren 

Caledonian 

Estill 

Lee 

Sharp 

Nuckolls 

Nuckolls 

Holmes 

Isle  of  Wight... 

Sussex 

Hart 

SuMiter 

Cortland 

Susquehanna.... 

Wexford 

Fayette 

Page 

Shelby 

Shelby 

Decatur 

Smith 

Smith 

Harlan  

Rock 

Warren 

Marion 

#olunibia 

Columbia 

Stephenson 

Winnebago 

Sargent 

Sargent 

Delaware 

Carroll 

Arapahoe 

Alleghany 

Lee 

Lee 

Sumner........... 

Oscoda 

Blount 

Jackson 

Hancock 

Olay 

Posey 

Union 

Stevens 

.4dalr 

Caldwell 

Owen 

Somerset 

Caroline 

Fillmore 

Fillmore 

Washington 

M'elwter 

Warren „., 

Chautauqua 

Cass 

Clark„ 

Morrow 

Beaver 

Butler 

Forest 

Susquehanna... 

Clarendon 

Edmunds 

Jerauld 

Spink 

Rock 

Vernon 

Jackson 

New  Hanover... 

Harney 

Harnev 

De  Witt 

Cleveland 

Keokuk 

Harper 

Harper. „, 


Population. 


1880.      1800, 


562 

341 

1,176 

247 


686 
3,231 


1,207 

2,233 

683 

1,484 

601 

458 


3,2311 

3,802 

2,045 

3,882 

746 

1,034 

1,608 

728 

929 

9.38 

2,172 

1,304 


2,242 
2,683 
1,866 

292 
1,312 

804 


1,144 
188 


490 

1,016 

238 


1,011 


2,-598 
749 


612 
1,029 
1,013 

881 
2,8;J1 
1,026 


8-2:1 

502 

1,350 

3,455 


1,846 
697 
3:i4 
497 
344 

1,924 
721 


1,086 
1,062 

407 
1,665 

161 


1,071 
641 
254 

747 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Harper,  Kan 

Harper,  W.  Va 

Harper's  Ferry,  W.  Va 
Harper's  Ferry,  W.  Va 

Hiirpersfield,  N.Y 

Hai'persfield,  0... 

Hiirpersville,  Ala 

Harpersville,  Miss 

Harpswell,  Me 

Harrel  Cross  U'ds,  Ala, 

HHrrell's,  N.C 

Hairellsville,  N.C 

Harrollsville,  N.C 

Harrietstown,  N.Y 

Harrietta,  Mich 

Hari'iman,  Tenn 

Harrington,  Me 

Harrington,  N.J 

Harris,  Ark 

Harris,  Ga 

Harris,  111 

Harris,  Ind 

Harris,  Minn 

Harfis,  Mo „ 

Harris,  N.C 

Harris,  N.C 

Harris,  0 

Harris,  Pa 

Harris,  W.  Va 

Harris,  Wis 

Harrisliurg,  Ark 

Harrisburg,  Col 

Hiirrisburg,  Ga 

Harrisburg,  III 

Har  riilmrg.  III 

Harrisburg,  Ind 

Harrisburg,  Iowa 

Harrisburg,  Mo 

Harrisburg,  N.Y 

Hariisburg,  0 

Harrisburg,  0 

Harrisburg,  Ore 

Harrisburg,  Ore 

Hiirrisburg,  Pa 

Harrisburg,  Tenn 

Harris  Lot,  Md 

Ilairison,  Ala 

Harrison,  Ark 

Harrison,  Ark 

Harrison,  Ark 

Harrison,  Ark 

Hariison,  Ark 

Harrison,  Ark 

Harrison,  Ga 

Harrison,  Gra 

Harrison,  Ga 

Harrison,  Ga 

Harrison,  111 

Harrison,  Ind 

Harrison,  Ind 

Harrison,  Ind 

Harrison,  Ind 

Harrison,  Ind 

Harrison,  Ind 

Harrison,  Ind 

Harrison,  Ind 

Harrison,  Ind 

Harrison,  Ind 

Harrison,  Ind 

Harrison,  Ind 

Harrison,  Ind 

Harrison,  Ind 

Harrison,  Ind 

Harrison,  Ind 

Harrison,  Ind 

Harrison,  Ind 

Harrison,  Ind 

Harrison,  Ind 

Harrison,  Ind 

Harrison,  Ind 

Harrison,  Ind 

Harrison,  Ind 

Harrison,  Iowa 

Harrison,  Iowa 

Harrison,  Iowa 

Harrison,  Iowa 

Harrison,  Iowa 

Harrison,  Iowa 

Harrison,  Iowa 

Harrison,  Kan 

Harrison,  Kan 

Harrison,  Kan 

HatTlson,  Kan 

Harrison,  Kan 

Harrison,  Kan 

HarriBOD,  Kan 

0 


Bank  of 

place. 


township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

village 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townhhip 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

village 

precinct 

post-vill 

city 

civil-dist 

district 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

Ix>st-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

town.ship 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


McPherson 

Roane 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Delaware 

Ashtabula 

Shelby 

Scott 

Cumberhind.... 

Dallas 

Mitchell 

Hertford 

Hertford 

Franklin 

Wexloid 

Koane 

Washington...., 

Bergen 

Stonet 

Morgan 

Fulton 

Saint  Joseph..., 

Chisago , 

Itipley 

Franklin , 

Stanly , 

Ottawa 

Centre , 

Wood 

Marquette 

I'oinsett 

Arapahoe 

Jackson 

Saline , 

Saline , 

Grant 

Van  Buren 

Boone 

Lpwis 

Franklin 

Stark 

Linn 

Linn 

Dauphin 

Sevier 

Charles , 

Hale 

Boone 

Boone 

Columbia , 

Hot  Spring 

Union 

White 

Decatur. , 

Madison , 

Putnam 

Washington 

Winnebago 

Bartholomew... 

Blackford 

Boone 

Cass 

Clay 

Daviess 

Dearborn 

Delaware 

Elkhart 

Fayette 

Harrison 

Henry 

Howard 

Knox 

Kosciusko 

Miami 

Morgan 

Owen , 

Pulaski , 

Spencer 

Union , 

Vigo 

Wayne 

Wells 

Adair 

Benton 

Boone 

Harrison 

Lee 

Mahaska 

Osceola 

Chautauqua,... 

Franklin 

Greeley 

Jewell 

Nemaha 

Norton 

Wallace 


Population. 


480 
1,731 
1,219 

764 
\,i-M 
1,110 
1,375 


1,773 

747 

1,053 

2,233 


533 


1,290 

2,570 

332 

945 

1,220 

450 


500 
1,900 
1,190 
2,615 

942 
2,544 

534 


1,440 

2,302 
934 
145 
971 
88 

1,089 
186 
l.iO 

1,274 

422 

30,762 

1,005 

2,101 
822 

l,8:i4 
582 

1,21G 


793 
1,590 
1,024 

390 
1,167 


050 

1,162 

2,163 

1,401 

1,157 

3,043 

1,289 

1,000 

1,786 

1,888 

999 

3,562 

1,914 

1,086 

3,266 

1,80:5 

1,249 

445 

522 

819 

2,279 

816 

27,910 

588 

4,389 

841 

598 

680 

1,999 

1,007 

1,515 


638 
669 


427 
2,305 
3,264 

958 
1,386 

944 
1,921 

138 
1,760 

507 
1,388 
2,392 

no 

1,582 

335 

710 

1,150 

2,769 

579 

970 

1,260 

486 

5(H 

588 

1,801 

1,413 

2,330 

869 

2,491 

570 

482 

212 

1,897 

2,1.50 

1,723 

145 

920 

135 

810 

211 

107 

959 

413 

39,385 

1,095 

1,837 

604 

2,240 

1,438 

474 

541 

877 

2,097 

830 

949 

901 

575 

577 

930 

2,708 

1,328 

1,189 

3,007 

1,300 

1,047 

2,041 

1,915 

1,119 

3,537 

1,074 

1,110 

3,244 

2,156 

1,248 

345 

471 

842 

2,167 

741 

31,277 

503 

6,704 

808 

577 

902 

1,797 

835 

2,068 

303 

834 

694 

166 

702 

970 

636 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Harrison,  Me 

Harrison,  Mich 

Harrison,  Mich 

Harrison,  Mich 

Harrison,  Minn 

Harrison,  Mo 

Harrison,  Mo 

Harrison,  Mo 

Harrison,  Mo 

Harrison,  Mo 

Harrison,  Mo 

Harrison,  Neb 

Harrison,  Neb 

Harrison,  Neb 

Harrison,  Neb 

Harrison,  Neb 

Harrison,  Neb 

Harrison,  Neb 

Harrison,  Neb 

Harrison,  Neb 

Harrison,  Neb 

Harrison,  N.J 

Harrison,  N.J 

Harrison,  N.Y 

Harrison,  0 

Harrison,  0 

Harrison,  0 

Harrison,  0 

Harrison,  0 

Harrison,  0 

Harrison,  0 

Harrison,  0 

Harrison,  0 

Harrison,  0 

Harrison,  0 

Harrison,  0 

Harrison,  0 

Harrison,  0 

Harrison,  0 

Harrison,  0 

Harrison,  0 

Harrison,  0 

Harrison,  0 

Harrison,  0 

Harrison,  Pa 

Harrison,  Pa 

Harrison,  Pa  

Harrison,  S.D 

Harrison,  S.D 

Harrison,  S.D 

Harrison,  Va 

HaiTison,  Wis 

Harrison,  Wis 

Harrison,  Wis 

Harrison,  Wis 

Harrison,  Wis 

Harrisonburg,  La 

Hiirrisonburg,  Va 

Harrisonville,  Ga 

Harrisonville,  111 

Harrisonville,  Ky 

Harrisonville,  Mo 

Ilarris  School-House, 

Tenn 

Harris  Station,  Tenn... 

Harriston,  N.D 

Harristown,  HI 

Harrisville,  Mich 

Harrisville,  Mich 

Harrisville,  N.II 

Harrisville,  N.Y 

Harrisville,  0 

Harrisville,  0 

Harrisville,  Pa 

Harrisville,  W.  A''a 

Harrisville,  Utah 

Harrod,  O 

Harrodsburg,  Ky 

Harrodsburg,  Ky 

Harrold,  S.D 

Harshaw,  Ariz 

Hart,  Ala 

Hart,  Ga 

Hart,  Ind 

Hart,  Mich 

Hart,  Mich 

Hart,  Minn 

Hart,  Mo 

Hart  Creek,  W.  Va 

Harter,  111 

Hartford,  Ark 

Hartford,  Conn 

Hartford,  Ga 

Hartford,  Ind 

Hartford,  Iowa 

Hartford,  Kan 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

post  town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

city 

mil.-dist 

pi>6t-prect 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

civil-dist 

civil-dist 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post  town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

post-prect 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post  town 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

city 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

poBt-vill 


Ctonnty. 


Cumberland...., 

Clare 

Macomb , 

Schoolcraft 

Kandiyohi , 

Daviess. 

Grundy , 

Mercer 

Moniteau 

Scotland , 

Vernon 

Buffalo 

Dundy 

Gosper 

Hall 

Hayes 

Lincoln 

Perkins 

Bock 

Sherman 

Sioux 

Gloucester 

Hudson 

Westchester 

Carroll. 

Champaign 

Darke 

Gallia 

Hamilton 

Hamilton 

Henry 

Knox 

Licking 

Logan 

Montgomery.... 

Muskingum 

Paulding 

Perry 

Pickaway 

Preble 

Boss , 

Scioto 

Van  Wert 

Vinton 

Alleghany 

Bedford 

Potter 

Hand 

Spink 

Sully 

Charles  City 

Calumet 

Grant 

Lincoln 

Lincoln 

Marathon 

Catahoula 

Bockingham.... 

Troup 

Monroe 

Shelby 

Caas 


Weakley.... 

Obion 

Walsh 

Macon 

Alcona 

Alcona.t..,. 
Cheshire.... 

Lewis 

Harrison.... 

Medina 

Butler 

Bitchie 

Weber 

Allen 

Mercer 

Mercer 

Hughes 

Pima 

Covington . 

Talbot 

Warrick..., 

Oceana 

Oceana 

Winona 

Wright 

Lincoln 

Clay 

Sebastian.., 
Hartford.... 

Pulaski 

Adams 

Iowa 

Lyon 


Population. 


1880.     1890, 


1,168 
129 
744 


624 

756 

557 

1,258 

964 

1,804 

1,050 


2,841 
6,898 
1,494 
1,075 

973 
2,174 
1,420 
2,277 
1,850 
1,372 

723 
1,329 

978 
2,607 
1,245 

770 
1,502 
1,461 
2,603 
1,226 
1,325 
1,481 
1,172 
2,352 

978 
1,162 


1,987 
2,036 
1,U90 


243 
2,831 
1,1159 

741 
1,223 
1,113 

70i 
1,739 


903 
1,400 
549 
870 
853 
318 
1,382 
386 
221 
682 


4,1.56 
2,202 


1,209 

2,160 

1,392 

404 

906 

1,097 

1,116 

2,878 

1,040 

42,561 

1,249 

1,103 

1,679 


908 

1,304 

827 

797 

1,923 

987 

748 

617 

2.52 

1,518 

?400 

361 

716 

269 

2,172 

3,2;J0 

167 

260 

633 

1,292 

2,073 

1,841 

757 

818 

1,430 

1,456 

2,987 

l,o:» 

63,230 

2,669 

1,276 

1,622 

441 


121 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Xame  of  place  um) 


n*rtfurd,  Ky 

Hartfunl,  Ky 

lUrlfurl,  M« 

lUitfoixi.  Hiih 

Hartfunl,  Mich 

Hartlortl,  Minu 

lUrtlxrd,  Ho 

Hartfi>M,  N.Y 

Hartford,  O 

Hurtfonl,  O 

Hiu-lf..rd,  O- 

H«rtf..rd,  8.D......~ 

Haitfonl,  8.D 

H»rtf.irl,  Vt - 

Hwrtford,  Wta. 

Harifoid,  Wta. 

HartfonI  City,  Ind 

Hartford  City,  W.  Va. 

Harilatid,  Oudd 

HHrtlaiid,  III 

HartUiid,  Iowa 

Hiirtlniid,  Kan 

Hartland,  Kau 

Hartlaiid,  Me ...... 

Hartliiiid,  Mich 

linriland,  Miun 

Hartland.  N.Y 

Hariliiid,  0 

Hartland,  8.D 

Hartland,  Vt 

Hartland,  Wis , 

Hai  Hand.  Win 

Hartland.  Wig 

Harllotun,  Pa 

Hartley,  Iowa 

Hartley,  Iowa 

Hartley,  Pa. 

Hartnian,  Tenn 

Hartsbure,  III 

HartHel,  Col 

Hartgelj'o,  Ala 

Hartsell's,  Alu 

Hait'8  Grove,  0 

Hartsook,  Kan 

HaiUtown,  Pa , 

HartsugK,  Ark 

Hai  teville,  Ind 

Hartsville,  N.Y 

HarUville,  S.C 

Hartiville,  8.0 , 

Hartsville,  Tenn , 

Hartsville,  Tenn 

Hartwell,  O 

Hartwick,  Mich 

Hartwick,  N.Y 

Hartwood,  Va , 

Harvard,  (ia , 

HarvHrd,  III 

Harvard,  Mass 

■.Harvard,  Neb 

Harvard,  Neb 

Harvel.Ill 

Harvel,  111 

Harvel,  Kan 

Harvel,  Kan 

Harvey,  Minn 

Harvey,  N.D 

Hai^ey,  N.D 

Harvcvslmrg,  0 

Harviell,  Mo 

Harviell,  Mo 

Uarwicli,  Mass 

Ilarwinton,  Conn 

Harwood,  III 

Harwdod,  Mo 

Harwood,  N.I) 

Haakell,  Kan 

Haskell,  Tex 

Haakina,  O 

Haslett,  .N.C 

UaaHkD,  Minn 

Haatinga,  Ac,  Col 

Hastings,  Iowa 

Hastings,  Mich 

Haiitings,  Mich 

Ha-ttingg,  Minu 

Hastings,  Nel> 

Hastings,  NY 

Hastings,  Pa 

Hastings  npon  Uiids'n, 

N.Y 

HiitlMiroiigh,  Pa. 

llatrliecliiibliee,  Ala 

Hatchie,  Tenn 

Hat  Creek,  Neb 

Hatfield,  Mass 

122 


Banker 
l>lao«. 


in«K..<llst 

|HISt-Vlll 

|iust-town 

township 

|H«t  vill 

|io«t*twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

village 

pust-twp 

poet-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

pust-twp 

township 

jHist-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

township 

post-vill 

township 

civil-dist 

post-vill 

postprect 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

[)08t-boro' 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

civil-dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

inag.-dist 

tnil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

I^ist-viil 

post-town 

l>oat-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

|iost-vill 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

poet- town 

township 

city 

city 

city 

post-town 

post-boro' 

post-vlll 

jxist-boro' 

post-prect 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 


Oi>antjr. 


Ohio 

Ohlo..„ 

Oxford _.. 

Van  Huren 

Van  Uuren 

To.ld 

Pike 

Washington.... 

Licking 

Licking.. 

Trumbull 

Minnehaha 

Sully.^ 

Windsor 

Washington  ... 
Washington.... 

Blackford 

Mason 

Hartford 

McHenry 

Worth 

Kearney 

Kearney 

Somerset 

Livingston 

Freeborn 

Niagara 

Hnron 

Beadle 

Windsor 

Pierce 

Shawano 

Waukesha 

Union 

O'Urien 

O'Brien , 

Union 

Hamblen 

Logan 

Park 

Morgan 

Morgan 

Ashtabula , 

Ellis 

Crawford 

Van  Buren  ... 
Bartholomew. 

Steuben 

Darlington 

DarliUKton 

Trousdale 

Trousdale 

Hamilton 

Osceola 

Otsego 

Stafford 

Laurens 

McHenry 

Worcester 

Clay 

Clay 

Montgomery.. 
Montgomery.. 

Cowley 

Smith 

Meeker 

Cavalier 

Grand  Forks.. 

Warren 

Butler 

Butler 

Barnstable .... 

Litchfield 

Champaign... 
Vernon 


Pupuhttioo. 


Haskell 

Haskell 

Wood 

Gates , 

Hennepin... 
San  Miguel. 

Mills 

Barry , 

Barry 

Dakota 

Adams 

Oswego 

Cambria..... 


Westchester... 
Montgomery.. 

Russell 

Madison 

Sioux 

Hampshire .... 


188U.      1800. 


4,278 

U24 

»>;< 

2,»<« 

838 

KS4 

l.»59 

1,700 

1,164 

■M9 

1.^2 


2,954 
1,396 

1,470 
567 
64:) 

1,054 
619 


1,017 

1,250 

699 

3,:mo 

954 


1,598 

1,215 

1,196 

287 

300 

104 


1,561 


2J6 
798 
439 
167 
3»;i 
486 
1,015 
1,637 


1,956 

6(i4 

892 

239 

2,:J40 

1,703 

984 

1,607 

1,25:J 

1,384 

768 

670 


67i» 

1,431 

568 


539 


82 

3,265 

1,(116 

869 


381 

1,10! 

735 


440 
1,284 
2,531 
3,80!* 
2,817 
2,866 


1,290 

586 

1,709 


1,405 


6,342 
740 
689 

2,4;io 

1,044 

1,051 

1,8(<2 

1,470 

1,089 

346 

1,170 

6.')6 

101 

3,740 

1,:«9 

1,296 

2,287 

446 

665 

960 

606 

301 

193 

974 

1,049 

768 

2,843 

807 

74 

1,393 

1,201 

1,379 

486 

261 

002 

619 

1,712 

661 

269 

186 

2,192 

596 

6c0 

635 

160 

12.: 

474 

7.57 

l,91:t 

342 

1,TM 

654 

1,507 

417 

1,894 

1,726 

1,182 

1,967 

1,095 

1,7.16 

1,076 

7i;3 

246 

657 

721 

634 

448 

85 

402 

1,039 

111 

2,734 

943 

761 

240 

359 

249 

745 

321 

1,207 

740 

1,254 

322 

1,187 

2,972 

3,706 

13,584 

2,:i64 

1,070 

1,466 
781 

1,569 
85 
192 

1,246 


Name  of  place  and 
•tote. 


Hatfield,  Pa 

Ilatmaker,  Teun 

Hatteias,  N.C 

Ilattiosburg,  Miss 

Hatton,  Mich 

Hatwai,  Idaho 

Hauglitou,  La 

Ilaughville,  Ind 

Havana,  Ala 

Havana,  III 

Havana,  III 

Havana,  Minn 

Havana,  N.Y 

Havana,8.D 

Havelock,  Minn 

Haven,  Kan 

Haven,  Minn 

Havenitport,  0 

Haveiford,  Pa 

Haverhill,  Muss 

Ilaverhill,  Minn 

Haverhill,  N.H 

Haverstraw,  N.Y 

Haverstraw.  N.Y 

Havre,  Ark 

Havre  de  Grace,  Md.. 
Havre  de  Grace,  Md.. 
Hawarden,  Iowa..«... 

Haw  Creek,  111 

Haw  Creek,  Ind 

Haw  Cieek,  Mo 

Hawesville,  Ky 

Hawesville,  Ky 

Hawk  Creek,  Minn... 

Hawkeye,  Kan , 

Hawkin,  Ga 

Hawkins,  Ga 

Hawkinsville,  Ala 

Ilawkinsville,  Ga , 

Hawkinsville,  Ga , 

Hawk  Spring,  Ala..., 

Hawley,  Cal 

Ilawley,  Mass , 

Hawley,  Minu 

Hawley,  Minn , 

Hawley,  Neb 

Hawley,  Pa 

Haw  Pond,  Ga 

Haw  Riilge,  Ala 

Haw  River,  N.C 

Hawthorn,  III 

Hawthorn,  Va 

Hawthorne,  Nev 

Hawtree,  N.C 

Hay.Ga , 

Hay,  Miss , 

Haycock,  Pa , 

Hayciaft,  Ky , 

Hay  Creek,  Minn.... 

Hay  Creek,  N.D 

Hay  Creek,  Ore 

Hayden,  Col 

Bayden  Divide,  Col.. 

Hayes,  Iowa 

Hayes,  Iowa 

Hayes,  Iowa 

Hayes,  Kan , 

Ha>eB,  Kan 

Hayes,  Kan 

Hayes,  Kan 

Hayes,  Kuii 

^  Hayes,  Kan 

Hayes,  Kau 

Hayes,  Ky 

Hayes,  Ky 

Hayes,  Mich 

Hayes,  Mich 

Hayes,  Mich 

IlHyes,  Minn 

Hayes,  Neb 

Hayes,  Neb 

Hayes  Centre,  Neb.. 

Ilayesville,  N  C 

Hayesville,  N.C 

Hayesville,  0 

Hayfield,  Minn 

Hayfield.Pa 

Haynes,  Ala 

Haynes,  Ark 

Haynei",  Ky 

Haynes,  Mich 

Haynesville,  Kan.... 

Haynesville,  Me 

Haynevllle,  Ala 

Hayncville,  Ala. 

Hayueville,  Ga 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-twp 

civil  dist 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

[Kjst-prect 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

village 

post-twp 

city 

township 

post-to  w  n 

township 

post-vill 

township 

district 

city 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

city 

township 

township 

mll.-dist 

niil.-dist 

post-prect 

niil.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

l>ost-prect 

post-boro' 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-town 

l>08t-lwp 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

mil.-dist 

beat 

township 

mag-dist 

post-twp 

townsliip 

post-prect 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

posl-vill 

post-twp 

l)Ost-twp 

precinct 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

|>ost-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 


Coauty. 


Population. 


1880.     1800. 


Montgomery.... 

Campbell 

Dare 

Perry 

Clare 

Nez  Perces 

Bossier , 

Marion 

Hale „ 

Mason, 

Mason 

Steele 

Schuyler 

Deuel 

ChipiJowa 

Reno 

Sherburne 

Fairfield 

Delaware 

Essex 

Olmsted 

Grafton 

Rockland 

Rockland 

Faulkner 

Harford 

Harford 

Sioux , 

Knox 

Bartholomew.. 

Morgan 

Hancock 

Hancock 

Renville 

Osborne 

Jones 

Putnam 

Barliour 

Pulaski 

Pulaski 

Jackson 

San  Bernardino 

Franklin 

Clay 

Clay 

Bh.ine 

Wayne 

Tatnall 

O.flee 

Alamance 

White 

Rappahiinnock 

Esmeralda 

Warien 

Ne«  ton 

Neshoba 

Bucks 

Hardin 

Goodhue 

Burleigh 

Crook 

Routt 

El  Paso 

Buena  Viota...., 

Crawford 

Ida 

Clay 

Dickinr<on 

Franklin 

Mcl'herson 

Mitchell 

Reno 

lStaft;rd , 

Hickman 

McCracken 

Chai'levoix 

Clare 

Otsego 

Swift 

Custer 

Keainey 

Hayen...... 

Clay 

Franklin 

Ashland 

Dodge 

Crawfiird 

Etowah 

Lee 

Graves 

Alcona 

Pratt 

Aroostook 

Lowndes 

Lowndes 

Houston 


1,694 

1,(KJ2 

821 


7(1 
1,992 
3,204 
2,118 
851 
1,274 


im 

807 

290 

79 

1,4S8 

18,472 

704 
2,455 
6,973 
3,506 

792 
2,816 
2,810 


1,049 
2,020 
2,035 


872 

654 
791 
1,071 
2,310 
3,844 
1,542 


592 

77 

"i',882 
"W'j 
'i','942 


1,649 
2,13(5 
2,698 
1,33 
1,4.33 
929 


654 
690 

aw 

624 
664 
329 
l,4t,0 
],8(i4 
467 
3' 

101 
409 


42» 


1,.300 

2,648 

603 

601  < 

1,9,54 

436 


2,918 


63; 

2:.'4 

2,152 


1,012 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Hay  River,  Wis 

Hays,  Ky 

Hay8,  Neb 

Hays,  Tenii 

Hiiys  City,  Kan 

Hay  Spiiiifss.  Neb 

Hay  Springs,  Neb 

Hays  Store,  Ala 

Haystack,  Ore 

Haystack,  Ore 

Hiiysville,  Ky 

Hayti,  S.U 

Haytokali,  Va 

Hayvvard,  Minn 

Hayward,  S.C 

Hayward,  Wis  

Haywards,  Cal 

Haywood,  &c  ,  Ala 

Haywood,  Ark.. 

Haywood,  Ga 

Haywood,  Neb 

Havwood,  N.C 

Hazard,  Ky 

Hazard,  Neb 

Hazel,  Pa 

Hazel  Dell.  Iowa 

Hazel  Dell,  Ore 

Hazel  Green,  Ala 

Hazel  Green,  Ky 

Hazel  Green,  Ky 

Hazel  Green,  Wis 

Hazel  Green,  Wis 

Hazel  Hill,  Mo 

Hazelhiirst,  Wis 

Hazel  Bun,  Minn 

Hazelton,  Kan 

Hazelton,  Kan 

Hazelton,  Mich 

Hazelton,  Minn 

Hazelwood,  Mo 

Hazen,  Ark 

Hazen,  Ark 

Hazen,  Ga 

Hazle  Green,  Iowa 

HazleliursI,  Ga 

Hazle  Patch,  Ky 

Hazleton,  Iiid 

Hazleton,  Iowa 

Hazleton,  Pa 

Hazlewood,  SO 

Hazzard,  Ga 

Headland,  Ala 

Head  Qiiartei-s,  Ky 

Healdsburjt,  Ciil 

Healing  Springs,  Ark... 
Healing  Springs,  N.C... 

Heard,  Ala 

Heath,  Mass 

Heath,  Mich 

Heath,  Pa 

Heath  Cieek.  Mo 

Heatlisville,  Va 

Hebliardsville,  Ky 

Heber,  Utah 

Heber,  Utah 

Hebo,  Ore 

Hebron,  Col 

Hebron,  Conn 

Hebron,  Ga 

Hebron,  HI 

Hebron,  lud 

Hebron,  Me 

Hebron,  Mich 

Hebron,  Neb 

Hebron,  Neb 

Hebron,  N.  II 

Hebron,  N.Y 

Hebron,  0 

Hebron,  Pa 

Hebron,  S.C 

Hebron,  S.C 

Hebron,  Utah 

Hebron,  Wis 

Hecla,  Pa 

Hector,  Minn 

Hector,  Minn 

Hector,  N.Y.  _ 

Hector,  Pa 

Hector  Creek,  N.C 

HedgesviUe,  W.  Va 

Hedgesvillo,  W.  Va 

Hedrick,  Iowa 

Heflin,  Ala 

Heflin,  Ala... 

Hegbert,  Minn 

Uegius,  Pa- 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

precinct 

township 

civil-diet 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

mll.-dist 

precinct 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-prect 

precinct 

l>08t-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post  tvvp 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mil.  dist 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-vill 

poBt-vill 

post-town 

p<i8t-boro' 

township 

mil.-diitt 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

I)ost-town 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-d  St 

tnag.-dist 

precinct 

city 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-town 

mil. -dist 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

village 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-tw|) 

township 

mag.-dist 

f)OSt-vill 

lK)St-tOWU 

precinct 
post-vill 
post-twp 
post  twp 


County. 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


Dunn 

Clinton 

York 

Weakley 

Ellis 

Sheridan 

Sheridan 

Madison 

Crook 

Grant 

Marion 

Hamlin 

Nottoway 

Freeborn 

Colleton 

Sawyer 

Alameda 

.lackson 

Clay 

Chattooga. 

Sheridan 

Chatham 

Perry , 

Sherman , 

Luzerne , 

Pottawattamie 

Lane 

Madison 

Wolfe 

Wolfe 

Grant 

Grant 

.Jidinson , 

Oneida , 

Yellow  Med 

Barber , 

Barber , 

Shiawa!>see 

Kittson , 

Webster 

Praiiie , 

Prairie , 

Columbia 

Delaware , 

Appling. 

Laurel 

Gibson 

Buchanan 

Luzerne 

Chester 

Bibb 

Henry 

Nicholas 

Sonoma 

Cleburne 

Davidson 

Perry 

Franklin... 

Allegan 

•lefferaon 

Pettis 

Norihuraberl'd 

Henderson 

Wasatch 

Wasatch „.. 

Tillamook 

Larimer 

Tollan.l 

Washington 

McHenry 

Porter 

Oxford 

Cheboygan 

Thayer 

Thayer 

Grafton 

Washington 

Licking 

Potter 

Marlborough... 

Orangeburg 

Washington 

Jefferson 

Wegtmorelan<i.. 

Renville 

Renville 

Schuyler 

Potter 

Harnett 

Berkeley 

Berkeley 

Keokuk 

Cleburne 

Cleburne 

Swift 

Schuylkill 


840 
1,110 


850 


148 
1.346 


4,324 

6.59 

1,748 


1,231 

""giiVj 


182 
1,814 


10,547 
919 
46 


1,142 
132 

1,821 
698 

1,263 


ir 


1,820 


1,23; 
G17 


807 
973 


618 
1,088 
6,93.5 
2,654 
1,02:} 

],:«o 

2,601 

1,133 

797 

643 

517 

560 

815 

207 

1,273 

2,063 

2,280 

1,610 

1,291 


1,243 

1,072 
918 
71.'> 
601 


1,132 

466 
329 

2,383 
489 
835 

2,829 
960 
110 

1,118 

'"394 
19(i 

6,02."> 
958 
732 

2,714 
383 


619 


336 
1,430 


486 

1,153 

857 

?900 

1,242 

685 

378 

1,51(1 

199 

290 

1,391 

157 

4,761 

735 

2,098 

1,349 

1,419 

1,299 

l,.3o2 

619 

103 

195 

2,066 

304 

13,494 

1,092 

76 

2,158 

1,478 

218 

1,549 

426 

1,240 

35.5 

163 

696 

319 

1,801 

203 

1,271 

1,662 

458 

784 

1,185 

290 

258 

608 

1,128 

11,872 

2,530 

1,194 

1,980 

2,106 

1,486 

585 

743 

695 

5(j3 

9311 

236 

1,426 

1,990 

2,351 

1,929 

1,538 

159 

207 

1,039 

l.tKM) 

1,167 

689 

600 

207 

2,206 

1,502 

245 

2,014 

415 

876 

3,001 

96 1 

79 

1,0(X) 

610 

369 

354 

4,443 

1,180 

849 

2,904 

448 

592 

1,226 

383 

368 

1,896 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Hegme,  Minn 

Hegton,  N.D 

Heidelberg,  Miss 

Heidelberg,  Pa , 

Heidelberg,  ]'a 

Heidelberg,  Pa 

Heidelberg,  Pa 

Height  of  Land,  Minn 

Helen,  Minn 

Helena,  Ala 

Helena,  Ark 

Helena,  Mich 

Helena,  Minn 

Helena,  Mont 

Helena,  Neb 

Helena,  N.D 

Helena,  S.C 

Helendale,  N.D 

Helenwood,  Tenn 

Helicon,  Ala 

Helix,  Ore 

Hellain,  Pa 

Hellers,  S.C 

Hellertown,  Pa 

Hell  Gate,  Mont 

Hello,  Ga 

Hello,  Ga 

Helt,  Ind 

Helton,  Ala 

Helton,  Ala 

Helton,  N.C 

Helvetia,  HI 

Helvetiaj  Wis 

Hemlock,  Pa 

Hempfield,  Pa 

Henipfield,  Pa 

Hemjistead,  N.Y 

Hcmiisteail,  N.Y 

Hempstead,  Tex 

Ileniptown,  Ga 

Hciiden,  S.D 

Henderson,  Ga 

Henderson,  111 

Henderson,  III 

Henderson,  Iowa 

Henderson,  Ky 

Henderson,  Ky 

Henderson,  Ky 

Henderson,  Md 

Henderson,  Slich 

Henderson,  Minn 

Henderson,  Minn 

Henilcrson,  Neb 

Henderson,  N.Y 

Henderson,  N.Y 

Henderson,  N.C 

Henderson,  N.C. 

Ilendei'son,  Pa 

Henderson,  Pa 

Henderson,  Tenn 

Henderson,  Tex 

Henderson  &  Cook,  Ga. 
Hendersonville,  N.C... 
Hendersonville,  N.C... 

Hendersonville,  S.C 

Hendersonville,  Tenn... 

Hendren,  Ky 

Hendrick,  iScc,  Ala 

Hendricks,  Col 

Hendricks,  Ind 

Hendricks,  Kan 

Henilricks,  Mich 

Hendricks,  Minn 

Hendricks,  Neb 

Hendri.wille,  Ala 

Hendrum,  Minn 

Henefer,   Utah 

Hennepin,  111 

Hennepin,  HI 

Henniker,  N.H 

Henning,  Minn 

Henning,  Minn 

Henning,  Tenn 

Henrietta,  Mich 

Henrietta,  Mo 

Henrietta,  N.Y 

Henrietta,  N.D 

Henrietta,  0 

Henrietta,  Tex 

Henrietta,  Wis 

Henry,  III 

Henry,  HI 

Henry,  Ind 

Henry,  Ind 

Henry,  Iowa _.... 

Henry,  Iowa..., 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

fKjst-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

city 

township 

post-twp 

city 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-jirect 

l)08t-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-bo  ro' 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

city 

mil.-dist 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

ix)st-vill 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

city 

precinct 

district 

township 

township 

post-lK)ro' 

IKjst-twp 

township 

I)Ost-vilI 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

IKjst-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

precinct 

townsliip 

township 

township 

post-twp 

precinc-t 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

village 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


Norman 

Grand  Forks.... 

.Jasper 

Berks 

Lebanon 

Lehigh 

York 

Becker 

McLeod 

Shelby 

Phillips 

Antrim 

Scott 

Lewis  &  Clarke 

Johnson 

Griggs 

Newberry 

Richland 

Scott 

Crenshaw... 

Umatilla.... 

York 

Newberry... 

Northampton... 

Missoula 

Morgan 

Warren 

Vermilion 

Baldwin 

Covington 

Ashe 

Madison 

Waupaca 

Columbia 

Mercer 

Westmoreland 

Queens 

Queens 

Waller 

Fannin 

Miner 

Houston 

Knox 

Knox 

Mills 

Henderson 

Henderson . 

Lewis 

Caroline 

Wexford 

Sibley 

Sibley 

York 

Jefferson , 

Jefferson 

Vance 

Vance 

Huntingdon 

Jefferson 

Chester 

Rusk 

Jasper 

Henderson 

Henderson 

Colleton 

Sumner 

Washington 

Blount 

Fremont 

Shelby 

Chautauqua 

Mackinac 

Lincoln 

Otoe 

De  Kalli 

Norman 

Summit 

Putnam 

Putnam 

Merrimack 

Otter  Tail 

Otter  Tail 

Lauderdale 

Jackson 

Kay 

Monroe 

La  Moure 

Lorain «.... 

Clay 

Richland 

Marshall 

Marshall 

Fulton 

Henry 

Plymouth 

Van  Buren 

123 


1,281 

2,408 

1,567 

916 


967 
1,397 
3,652 

.391 
1,383 
3,624 

722 


1,903 

2,400 

605 


622 

990 

3,027 


1,211 

3,359 
24;i 
1,080 
1,000 
6,286 
18,164 
2,521 
1,612 
424 


2,139 

1,454 

198 


10,100 
6,3<j5 
910 
1,541 
194 
684 
964 


1,842 
407 

4,096 

1,421 
738 
872 
493 

1,056 
668 

2,561 
554 
263 
17(1 

1,342 


1,829 
860 
434 
218 
396 


267 

262 
l,r.i4 

623 
1,326 

209 


148 
1,134 


2,243 
'""894 


1,005 
2,168 
1,728 
1,889 
3,656 


S90 


408 

191 

210 

1,440 

2,37« 

1,4:17 

954 

218 

1,045 

1,307 

6,189 

537 

1,245 

13,834 

918 

83 

481 

102 

299 

1,1.30 

■Ml 

2,164 

2,193 

708 

6,433 

68a 

789 

3,474 

346 

634 

1,286 

3,162 

511 

946 

951 

9,948 

2:»,756 

4,831 

1,671 

4F3 

343 

1,:«6 

1,218 

16:t 

201 

13,194 

8,8:i5 

943 

l,6:i9 

1.S8 

719 

909 

1,081 

1,688 

a58 

6,052 

4,191 

6.30 

1,024 

1.009 

1,.536 

571 

3,355 

1,216 

286 

215 

1,019 

1,767 

197 

1,790 

929 

282 

436 

634 

379 

884 

291 

1,417 

674 

i,ms 

466 

254 

420 

1,146 

315 

2,1.W 

59 

819 

2,1(10 

1,143 

1,865 

1,612 

2,374 

4,009 

460 

494 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kun«  of  ylara  aad 
■l*t«. 


Henry,  Kan ^^.. 

Henry,  Ho._ 

Henry,  O 

Henry,  S.D 

Henry,  S.D 

Henry,  M.U 

Henry,  V* 

Henry,  V» 

Henrv,  W.  Va. 

Henry  Clay.  Pa 

H«-niy  Clay  Kacfy,  Del. 

Hrnryellen,  Ala. 

Henry  Island,  Wash.... 

Henry  Lake,  Idaho 

Henry's  Cr's  K'ds,  Tenn 

HpnryTille,  Minn 

Henslcy,  III 

Hensley,  lutJ 

Henson,  Ala..„ 

Hpplmrn,  Iowa 

He|il>nrn,  1*8 

Hrpler,  Kan 

Hcppner,  Ore 

Heppner,  Ore 

Herald  Prairie,  III 

Ilerdland,  Iowa. 

Hereford,  Ore 

Hereford,  Pa 

Heringtou,  Kan 

Herkimer,  Kan 

Herkimer.  N.Y 

Hennnn,  Minn 

Herniiin,  Minn 

Herman,  Neb 

Herman,  Neb 

Herman,  S.D 

Herman,  Wis 

Ht-rnian,  Wis 

Herman,  Wis 

Heimann,  Mo 

Hermann,  Ore 

licmmnsville,  Mich 

Hei-nijtage,  Col 

Hermitage,  Fla 

Hermon,  Me „ 

Hennon,  N.Y 

Hermon,  N.Y 

Hermosa,  N.M 

Herniosa,  S.D 

Hernando,  Miss. 

Hernilon,  Kan 

Herndon,  Va. 

Heron  Lake,  Minn 

Heron  Lake,  Minn 

Herrick,  Pa 

llerrick,  Pa 

Herrick,  S.D 

Herring,  Ark 

Ilerrin's  Prairie,  III 

Hersclier,  III 

Horsey,  Mich 

Hersey,  Mich 

Hersey,  Minn 

Hertford,  N.C 

Hertford.  N.C 

Hesler,  Ky 

Hesper,  Iowa 

Hesperia,  Mich 

Hess,  III 

Jless,  Kan 

Heth,  Ind 

Helliind,  S.D 

Hewett,  Wis 

Heyworth,  III 

Hiawatha,  Kan 

Hiawatha,  Kan 

Hiawatha,  Mich 

Hil.bani,  Kan 

Hibler,  S.C 

Hickey,  Ark 

Hickman,  Ark 

Hickman,  Ark 

Hickman,  Ky 

Hickman,  Ky 

Hickman,  Neb 

Hickman,  S.D 

Hickman,  Tenn 

Hickman's,  Ala. 

Hickory,  Ark „.. 

Hickory,  III 

Hickory,  III 

Hickory,  Kan 

Hickory,  Mo 

Hickory,  N.C 

Hickory,  N.C 

Hickory,  Pa. 

124 


Bank  of 
plac«. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

poat-Till 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-town 

post- town 

precinct 

precinct 

civil-dist 

post-tw)) 

township 

tofrnsliip 

precinct 

post-town 

post-twp 

|ioet-vill 

precinct 

|iost-Till 

township 

post-twp 

poot-prect 

post-twp 

city 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-Till 

township 

township 

ix)st-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-twp 

poet-tow  n 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

lK>8t-Vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

ptist-vill 

post-vill 

township 

poet-vlU 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 


Coanty. 


Ottawa 

Veruon 

Wood 

Brown 

Codington 

Ondingtou 

Hanover 

Snssex 

Clay 

Fayette 

New  Castia 

Jefferson 

San  Juan 

Bingham 

Sevier 

Renville 

Champaign 

Johnson 

Lamar 

Page 

Lyct)ming 

Crawlord 

Morrow 

Morrow 

White 

Clay 

Baker. 

Berks 

Dickinson 

Marshall 

Herkimer 

Grant 

St.  Louis 

Washington 

Washington 

Lake 

Dodge 

Shawano 

Sheboygan 

Gasconade...^... 

I.«ne 

Mennminee 

Grand 

Hillsborough... 

Penobscot 

Saint  Lawrence 
Saint  Lawrence 

Sierra 

Custer 

DeSoto 

Rawlins 

Fairfax 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Bradford 

Susquehanna.... 

Deuel 

Yell 

Williamson 

Kankakee 

Oxceola 

Osceola 

Nobles 

Perquimans 

Perquimans 

Owen 

Winneshiek 

Newaygo 

Union 

Gray 

Harrison 

Kingsbury 

Clark 

McLean 

Brown 

Brown 

Schfolcraft 

Kearney 

Kilgefleld 

Johnson 

MlsHssippi 

Scott 

Knlton 

Fulton 

Lancaster 

Marshall 

Smith.. 

Tuscaloosa 

Carroll 

Cass 

Schuyler..- 

Butler 

Holt  

Catawba 

Catawba 

Forest 


Population. 


1880.      1800. 


364 
1,162 
1,688 


6,:«1 

1,856 

804 

1,232 


1,134 
:«7 
765 

1,712 


857 
1(X) 
895 
318 

1,08:1 
153 
61 

1,406 


3,593 

184 

293 

640 

95 


1,041 

402 

2,l:« 

1,314 


232 


1,394 

1,634 

522 


583 


422 
226 
163 
9;J6 
1,104 


779 
103 
778 
472 
iny 
1,416 
661 


1,000 


1,729 


156 

660 

2,849 

1,375 

192 


1,783 
248 


3,005 
3,186 
1,264 


623 
1,020 


£80 

431 

988 

3,071 


831 


382 

1,317 

4,496 

■M6 

696 

1U4 

6,417 

2,073 

1,(101 

1,311 

829 

450 

13 

61 

1,300 

644 

642 

1,656 

467 

75 

769 

269 

1,387 

675 

2,:i42 

494 

208 

1,357 

1,;J63 

693 

4,666 

322 

492 

827 

319 

271 

1,478 

863 

1,998 

1,410 

83 

6o2 

27 

243 

1,282 

1,521 

473 

206 

172 

602 

644 

795 

491 

496 

813 

721 

488 

349 

793 

224 

908 

328 

282 

1,499 

7;i3 

893 

849 

6<)6 

3,191 

334 

1,775 

744 

151 

566 

1,601 

2,480 

1,3X2 

158 

2,027 

412 

398 

3,939 

3,803 

l,ft'>2 

341 

464 

229 

994 

1,372 

396 

541 

6.52 

905 

4,.'>31 

2,0i3 

1^099 


Name  of  place  and 
kUto. 


Hickory,  Pa 

Hickory,  Pa 

Hickory  Flat,  Ala 

Hickory  Flat,  Ga 

Hickory  Flat,  La 

Hickory  Flat,  Miss 

Hickory  Grove,  Ga 

Hickory  Grove,  Ind 

Hickory  Grove,  Iowa... 
Hickory  Giove,  Iowa... 

Hickory  Grove,  Ky 

Hickory  Grove,  Mo 

Hickory  Grove,  Tenn— 

Hickory  Grove,  Wis 

Hickory  Head,  Ga 

Hickory  Hill,  Ala. 

Hickory  Hill,  111 

Hickory  Mountain, N.C. 
Hickory  Plains,  Ark.... 

Hickory  Point,  HI 

Hickory  Ridge,  Ark 

Hickory  Valley,  Tenn. 

Hicksford,  Va 

Hickstown,  Fla 

Hicksville,  0 

Hicksville,  0 

Hico,  Alii 

Hico,  Ark 

Hico,  Tex 

Hidalgo,  Tex 

Illdewood,  S.D 

Higbee,  Col 

Higbee,  Mo 

Higdeni,  Minn 

Higgins,  Ark 

Iliggins,  Mich 

Higgins,  N.C 

HigKinson,  Ark 

Higginspcirt,  0 

Higginsville,  Mo 

Hige^ville,  Ga 

High  Bridge,  N  J 

High  Falls,  N.Y 

High  Forest,  Minn 

High  Forest,  Minn 

Ilighgato,  Vt 

High  Grove,  Ky 

HiKh  Hill,  Ala 

High  Hill,  Ga 

High  Hill,  S.C 

Hi^h  Lake,  Iowa 

Highland,  Ala 

Highland,  Aik 

Highland,  Cal 

Highland,  Fla 

Higliland,  III 

Highland,  111 

Highland,  Ind 

Highland,  Ind 

Highland,  Ind 

Highland,  Ind 

Highland,  Iowa 

Highland,  Iowa. 

Highland,  Iowa 

Highland,  Iowa 

Highland,  Iowa 

Highland,  luwa 

Highland,  Iowa 

Highland,  Iowa 

Highland,  Iowa 

Highland,  lovta 

Highland,  Kan 

Highland,  Kan 

Highland,  Kan 

Highland,  Kan 

Highland,  Kan 

Highland,  Kan 

Highland,  Kan 

Highland,  Kan 

Highland,  Ky 

Highland,  Ky 

Highland,  Mich 

Highland,  Mich 

Highland,  Minn 

Highland,  Mo 

Highland,  Mo 

Highland,  Neb 

Higliland,  Neb 

Highland,  Neb 

Highland,  Neb 

Highland,  Neb 

Highland,  Neb 

Highland,  Neb 

Highland,  Neb 

Highland,  Neb 

Highland,  Neb 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

ward 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

|)08l-Vill 

township 

civil-dist 

township 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

townsliip 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-twp 

l>ost-towi) 

post-town 

towufhip 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

townsliip 

townshiji 

townsliip 

post-twp 

|iost-vill 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

IMSt-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

ix)st-twp 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

post-vill 

townsliip 

township 

towni<hip 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 


Cotinty. 


Lawrence... 

Mercer 

Chambers... 
Cherokee.... 
Calcasieu.... 

Benton 

Hounton 

Benton , 

Jasper 

Scott 

Graves 

Warren 

Gibson 

Grant 

Brooks 

Lowndes..  .. 

Wayne 

Chatliam.. .. 

Prairie 

Macon 

Phillips 

Hardeman.., 
Gieensville. 

Madisiin 

Defiance 

Deflance , 

Fayette 

Benton 

Hamilton..... 

Hidalgo 

Deuel , 

Otero , 

Randolph.... 

Polk 

Conway 

Roscommon. 
McDowell.... 

White 

Brown 

Lafayette 

Twiggs 

Hunterdon.. 

Ulster 

Olmsted 

Olmsted 

Franklin.... 

Nelson 

Walker 

Wilkinson... 
Darlington.. 

Emmet 

Shelby 

Sharp 

San  Bernardino 

Clay 

Grundy 

Madison 

Franklin 

Greene 

Montgomery. 
Vermilion .... 

Clayton 

Greene 

Guthrie 

O'Brien 

Palo  Alto 

Tama 

Union 

Wapello 

Washington.. 
Winneshiek.. 

Clay 

Doniphan 

Harvey 

Jewell 

Lincoln 

Morris 

Norton 

Washington.. 

Campbell 

Lincoln 

Oakland 

Osceola 

Wabasha 

Lewis 

Oregon 

Adams 

Gage 

Garfield 

Gosper 

Hayes 

Lancaster 

Madison 

Nuckolls 

Perkins 

Scott's  Bluff.. 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,002 
6,926 
2,056 
1,169 
1,795 


1,194 

»i7 

747 

1.261 


2,14(1 

1,I(V2 

771 


989 
1,017 
1,955 
1,461 
1,206 
1,1«8 
78 
3,114 


2,:J81 

1,212 

681 

1,070 


269 


347 

200 

428 
687 
4UG 


762 

797 

1,104 

2,209 

671 

662 

180 

2,088 

753 


1,079 

l,ft")4 

319 

494 


1,042 
1,969 
1,826 
1,219 

'2,433 
847 
2:^7 
608 
3fc7 
289 
703 
640 
96:} 
805 
782 
622 
441 
63» 
658 
250 
469 


841 
1,511 
1,414 

198 

858 
1,600 

268 


592 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Highlnnd,  NY 

Highland,  N.Y 

Highland,  N.D 

Highland,  N.D 

Highland,  N.D 

Highland,  N.D 

Highland,  0 

Highland,  0 

Highland,  Ore 

Highland,  Pa 

Highland,  Pa 

Highland,  Pa 

Highland,  Pa 

Highland,  Pa 

Highland,  Pa , 

Highland,  S.C 

Highland,  S.D , 

Highland,  S.U , 

Highland,  S.D 

Highland,  S.D 

Highland,  S  D , 

Highland,  S.D 

Highland,  Waah 

Highland,  Wash 

Highland,  Wis 

Highland,  Wis 

Highland  Falls,  N.Y..., 
Highland  Grove,  Blinn, 

Highland  Park,  111 

Highlands,  &c.,  Col 

Highlands,  Col 

Highlands,  Del 

Highlands,  N.C 

Highlands,  N.C 

High  Markwt,  N.Y 

Highmore,  S.D 

Highmore,  S  D 

High  Point,  Iowa 

High  Point,  Kan 

High  Point,  N.C 

High  Prairie,  Kan 

High  Prairie,  Mo 

High  Uidge,  Neb 

High  Shoal,  N.C 

High  Shoals,  Ga 

High  Shoals,  Ga 

High  Shoals,  Ga 

High  Spire,  Pa 

High  Tower,  Ga 

High  Tower,  Ga 

Hightowers,  N.C 

Hightstown,  N.J 

Highwassie,  Va 

Highwater,  Minn 

Higley,  Fla 

Hllburn,  Ark 

Hilde,  S.D 

Hildreth,  Neb 

Uilgard,  Ore 

Hilgard,  Ore 

Hill,  Ala 

Hill,  Ark 

Hill,  Ark 

Hill,  Ga 

Hill,  Kan 

Hill,  Mich 

Hill,  Mo 

Hill,  Neb 

Hill,  N  H 

Hill,  N.C 

Hill,  N.D 

Hill  City,  Kan 

Hill  City,  S.D 

Hill  City,  Tenn 

Hillerman,  111 

Hilliar,0 

Hilliard,  Col 

HillianU,  0 

Hillnian,  Mich 

Hill  Kiver,  Minn 

Hillsborough,  Ala 

Hillsborough,  Col 

Hillsborough,  Ga 

Hillsborough,  Ga 

Hillsborough,  111 

Hillsborough,  Kan 

Hillsborough,  Ky 

Hillsborough,  Ky 

Hillsborough,  Md 

Hillsborough,  Md 

Hillsborough,  Miss 

Hillsborough,  Mo 

Hillsbnrough,  N.H 

Hillsborough,  N.J 

Hillsborough,  N.M 

Hillsborough,  N.C 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

village 

township 

village 

post  town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post  Iwp 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

lK>8t-vill 

township 

city 

precinct 

pust'Vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

l>ost-town 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

mil.-dist 

niil.-dist 

village 

post-boro' 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

preci  net 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

city 

post  vill 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

p<iBt-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

precinct 

jiost-vill 

district 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 


County. 


Orange 

Sullivan.  

Cass 

Mtirton 

Sargent 

Steele 

Defiance 

Muskingum.... 

Clackamas 

Adams 

Chester 

Clarion 

Dauphin 

Elk 

Luzerne 

Greenville 

Brul6 

Day 

Hand 

Lincoln  

Minnehaha 

Walworth 

Klickitat 

Snohomish 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Orange 

Clay 

Lake 

Aiapahoe 

Arapahoe 

New  Castle 

Macon 

Macon 

Lewis 

Hvde 

Hyde 

Decatur 

Ness 

Guilford 

Leavenworth... 

Webster 

Hayes 

Rutherford 

Dawson 

Oconee 

Walton 

Dauphin 

Foi«yth 

Lumpkin 

Caswell 

Mercer 

Pulaski 

Cottonwood 

Lake 

Madison 

Walworth 

Franklin 

Union 

Union 

Marengo 

Johnson 

Pulaski 

Baldwin 

Graham 

Ogemaw 

Carroll 

Knox 

Merrimack 

Montgomery.... 

Cass 

Graham 

Pennington 

Hamilton 

Massac 

Knox 

Larimer 

Franklin 

Montmorency.. 

Polk 

Lawrence 

Weld 

Jasper. 

Jasper 

Montgomery.... 

Marion 

Fleming 

Fleming 

Caroline 

Caroline 

Scott 

Jefferson 

Hillsborough.... 

Somerset 

Siena 

Orange 


Population. 


3,404 

i,oia 


1,226 
95.3 


624 
89G 
698 
289 
261 
671 
1,836 


2,436 

668 

1,976 


1,154 


436 

82 

941 


815 

670 
2,060 
1,238 

908 


1,16-1 

225 
500 


752 
1,203 

400 
1,556 
l,:i65 
2,:J33 

407 


988 


1,408 


1,045 
539 


667 
667 


971 
1,141 


2,367 


491 


2,868 
133 

2,210 
194 

2,105 
264 


1,646 
3,248 


4,096 


4,099 

979 

299 

63 

343 

92 

1,445 

795 

402 

48:i 

910 

624 

845 

849 

657 

2,259 

190 

237 

109 

665 

321 

20:j 

207 

150 

2,328 

751 

2,237 

523 

2,163 

6,5;^ 

6,161 

325 

788 

233 

723 

614 

436 

766 

399 

3,481 

1,286 

1,026 

104 

2,094 

214 

1,136 

210 

971 

938 

254 

1,639 

1,875 

2,605 

511 

161 

1,325 

95 

141 

988 

429 

1,745 

4(16 

3,.'>3G 

1,270 

875 

47 

G85 

365 

648 

878 

210 

645 

479 

1,763 

1,545 

1,296 

166 

3:i8 

636 

416 

2,505 

466 

7<i5 

166 

2,691 

655 

2,0o6 

212 

2,036 

174 

112 

2l>4 

2,120 

2,825 

621 

4,160 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Rank  of 
place. 


Hillsborough,  N.C post-vill 

Hillslwrough,  N.D township 

Hillsl>orough,  N.D post-vill 

Hillsborough,  O post-vill 

Hillsborough,  Ore post-prect 

Hillsborough,  S.C township 

Hillsborough,  Tex city 

Hillsborough,  W.  Va...  village 

Hillsborough,  Wis township 

Hillsborough,  Wis post-vill 

Hillgilale,  Iowa post-town 

Hillsdale,  Mich township 

Hillsdale,  Mich city 

Hillsdale,  Minn township 

Hillsdale,  Mont post-prect 

Hillsdale.  N.Y post-town 

Hillsdale,  Utah precinct 

Hill's  Grove,  Pa post-twp 

Hillside,  Col post  jirect 

Hillside,  Neb precinct 

Hillside,  S.D township 

Hill  Top,  Md district 

Hilltown,  Pa post-twp 

Hillville,  Md. district 

Hillyard,  111 township 

Hilton,  Ala post  prect 

Hilton,  Iowa. township 

Hilton,  N.M post-prect 

Hilton  Head,  S.C post-twp 

Hinckley,  III |)08t-vill 

Hinckley,  Minn township 

Hinckley,  Minn post-vill 

Hinckley,  0 post-twp 

Hinilasetnkee,  Alaska.,   village 

Hinesborough,  III post-vill 

Hiiiesburg,  Vt post-town 

Hineston,  La |io8t-ward 

liingham.  Mass post-town 

Hinman,  Neb precinct 

Hinsdale,  III jMStvill 

Hinsdale,  Mass post-town 

Hingilale,  N.H i)ost-town 

Hinsdale,  N.Y post-town 

Hinton,  Mich township 

Hinton,  W.  Va post-town 

Hiram,  Ga _  mil.-dist 

Hiram,  Me post-town 

Hiram,  0 post-twp 

Hire,  III township 

Hiseville,  Ky mag.-dist 

Hiseville,  Ky post-vill 

Uitesville,  Ky mag.-dist 

Hittle,  III township 

Hiwassee,  N.C township 

Uixon,  Wis township 

Hixson,  Ark township 

Hixton,  Wis post-twp 

Hoaglin,  0. post-twp 

Hoard,  Wis township 

Hobart,  Ind township 

Hobart,  Ind.  jiost-vill 

Hobart,  Kan township 

Hobart,  Minn township 

Hobart,  N.Y post-vill 

Hobart,  N.D township 

Hoboken,  Ala precinct 

Hoboketi,N.J city 

Hockesain,  Del post-town 

Hocking,_0 township 

Hockley,"Tex post-town 

Hodgdon,  Me post-town 

Hodgensville,  Ky post-town 

Hodges,  Minn township 

Hodges,  S.C j)ost-town 

Hoff,  Minn township 

Hoffmingfeld,  S.D township 

Hogan,  Ala precinct 

Hogan,  Ark township 

Hogan,  Ind UAvnship 

Hogan,  Ky mag.-dist 

Hogan,  Mont post-prect 

Hogansville,  Ga mil.-dist 

Hogausville,  Ga post-vill 

Hogback,  N.C township 

Hoggins,  Ky mag.-dist 

Hog  Mountain,  Ga mil.-dist 

Hog  Wallow,  Ga mil.-dist 

Hohokus,  N.J post-twp 

Hoisington,  Kan post-vill 

Hokah,  Minn township 

Hokah,  Minn post-vill 

Hokendnuqua,  Pa jiost-vill 

Hokes  Bluff,  Ala... post-prect 

Holabird,  S.D post-twp 

Holbrook,  Ariz j>ost-town 

Holbrook,  Mass I  post-town 


County. 


Orange 

Tmill 

Traill 

Highland 

Washington.... 

Marion , 

Hill 

Pocahontas 

Vernon 

Vernon 

Mills 

Hillsdale 

Hillsdale 

Winona 

Gallatin 

Columbia 

Gartield 

Sullivan 

Fremont 

Dawson 

Edmunds 

Charles 

Bucks 

Saint  Mary's... 

Macoupin 

Covington 

Iowa... 

Donna  Ana 

Beaufort 

De  Kalb 

Pine 

Pine 

Medina 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


781 


3,234 

885 

2,269 


9'J 
1,218 
195 
241 
5.39 
3,441 
584 


Douglas 

Chittenden 

Rapides 

Plymouth 

Lincoln 

Du  Page 

Berkshire 

Cheshire 

Cattaraugus.. .. 

Mecosta 

Summers 

Paulding 

Oxford 

Portage 

McDonough.... 

Barren 

Bairen 

Union 

Tazewell 

Clay 

Clark 

Stone 

Jackson  

Van  Wert 

Clark 

Lake 

Lake 

Rooks 

Otter  Tail 

Delaware 

Barnes 

Marengo 

Hudson 

New  Castle 

Fairfield 

Harris 

Aroostook 

La  Rue 

Stevens 

Abbeville 

Pope 

Campbell 

Walker 

Franklin 

Dearborn 

Logan 

Lewis  &  Clarke 

Troup 

Troup 

Transylvania.., 

Gallatin 

Gwinnett 

Tatnall 

Bergen 

Barton 

Houston , 

Houston , 

Lehigh 

Etowah 

Hyd.e 

Apache 

Norfolk 

125 


1,939 
179 
485 


1,733 
3,152 
2,184 
1,123 
259 
860 


2,513 
368 
142 


962 


97 
1,.330 
1,3:53 
4,485 


81!) 

1,595 

1,868 

1,594 

986 

879 


1,452 

1,0,58 

1,295 

2,207 

166 

1,047 

921 

415 

500 

201 

l,a53 

1,180 


1,650 
600 
301 
246 
390 


628 
30,999 


2,412 
308 

1,089 
382 
3(X> 
271 
283 


1,201 

912 

2,(J59 


2,054 

40(J 

309 

1,070 

1,280 


2,920 


2,130 


668 

910 

716 

3,620 

1,552 

2,708 

2,541 

166 

1,039 

461 

193 

456 

3,915 

549 

135 

1,554 

333 

805 

149 

252 

62 

1,48U 

3,032 

1,970 

1,020 

534 

714 

62 

2,369 

490 

173 

618 

878 

143 

288 

1,205 

1,265 

4,564 

137 

1,584 

1,739 

2,258 

1,312 

1,152 

2,570 

931 

1,063 

1,130 

1,148 

2,172 

194 

1,(I6L 

94:i 

680 

578 

351 

696 

1,S34 

31U 

2,197 

1,010 

203 

449 

561 

25a 

770 

43,648 

361 

2,372 

296 

1,113 

642 

165 

255 

417 

262 

1,799 

1,524 

731 

2,341 

127 

2,469 

518 

452 

671 

781 

652 

2,373 

446 

357 

682 

953 

1,246 

127 

20« 

2,474 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  »nd 
■tat*. 


Holcomb  Island,  Mo... 
Hnltoiiib  Valla;-, Cal... 

Hultluii,  Me >. , 

HoI.Umi,  MaM 

Hul.len,  Miiiu 

Holiloi),  Mo » 

Hoiaeii,  8  I> , 

Holdeii,  Utoh 

Holdoiivlll..,  Ac,  Col.... 

Holderiieeit,  N.U 

liuliliiig,  Minn 

HuMreg<>,  Meb 

Holjwto,  O 

Hulikitnak.  Alaska 

Ilullu  Bend,  Ark 

Hollanii,  Ark 

llulland,  III 

Holland,  Iowa 

Holland,  Kan 

Holland,  Mass 

Holland,  Mich 

Holland,  Mich 

Holland,  Minn 

Holland,  N.J 

Holland,  N.Y >. 

Holland,  N.Y 

Holland,  Tex 

Holland,  Vt 

Holland,  Wis 

Holland,  Wig 

Holland.  Wig 

Holland  Patent, N.Y.... 

Hollon,  Ky 

Hollonback,  Pa 

HolIenl>erg:,  Kau 

Hollev,  Ala 

Holley,  N.Y 

Holliday,  Mo 

Hollidii.VHburg,  Pa. 

Hollinggwoi'tli,  Ala 

Hollinggworth,  N.C 

Hollii.g.  Ala 

Holling,  Ala 

llollis.  III 

Hollig,  Me 

Holli»,  N.H 

Holligter,  Cal 

Hollister,  Cal 

Holligtun,  Mags 

HuUoday  Creek,  Miss... 

Holl..Mvllle,  Ga, 

Hollow,  N.C 

Hollow  Creek,  S.C 

Hollow  Poplar,  N.C. 

Hollow  Square,  Ala 

Holloway'g,  N.C 

Holly,  Ark 

Holly,  Col 

Hollv,  Kv 

HollV,  Mich 

llollV,  Mich 

Hollv,  Minn..._ 

Holly,  N.C 

Holly,  W.  Va 

Hollv,  W.Va 

Holly  Beach,  N.J 

Holly  Creek,  Ark 

Holly  Grove,  Ala. 

Holly  Grove,  Ark 

Holly  Grove,  N.C 

Holly  Hill,  S.C 

Holly  Neck,  Va 

Holly  Springs,  Ala 

Holly  Springs,  Ala 

Holly  Spring,  Ark 

Holly  Springs,  Migs..... 

Holly  Springs,  N.C 

Holly  Springs,  N.C 

Holly  Tree,  Ala. 

Hollywood,  Ark 

Hollywood,  Minn 

Hollywood,  Pa 

lioluian,  Iowa 

Holni.lel,  N.J 

Holmeg,  Mich 

Holmes,  Mich 

Holmeg,  Neb 

Holmes,  0 

Holmeg  City,  Minn 

Holmes  Gap,  Ala 

Holmesville,  Minn„ 

Holmwood,  Kan 

Holgtein,  Iowa 

Holstein,  Neb „... 

Holgt.m,  Va 

Holt,  Iowa 

126 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

pieclnct 

post-town 

post-town 

IHist-twp 

city 

township 

tKMt-Vlll 

precinct 

poet-town 

township 

city 

post-vill 

village 

po»t-twp 

townghip 

towngliip 

townghip 

post-twp 

|x)6t-town 

township 

city 

township 

(lost- town 

townghip 

I>ot)t-vill 

|>oet-town 

post-town 

l>08t-twp 

township 

township 

|>08t-Till 

mag.-dist 

township 

IKwt-vill 

precinct 

l>ost-vill 

post-town 

post-boro' 

precinct 

townghip 

precinct 

poet-vill 

townghip 

poet-town 

l>ost-t<iwn 

townghip 

post-Till 

post-town 

boat 

niil.-dtst 

township 

township 

post-twp 

l)recinct 

|)ost-twp 

township 

pogt-prect 

precinct 

townghip 

post-vill 

township 

townghip 

mag.-digt 

mag  -dist 

post-boro' 

township 

precinct 

l>ost-town 

township 

post-tiiwn 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

IKist-twp 

city 

townghip 

post-vill 

pogt-prect 

post-town 

|>ost-twp 

villnge 

township 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

townghip 

townghip 

pogt-town 

post-vill 

mag.-dif>t 

pogt-twp 


County. 


Dunklin 

San  Bernardino 
Penobscot... 
Worcester... 
Goodhue .... 
JohnsoD...„.. 

Hand 

Millard 

Arapahoe».. 

Grafton 

Stearns 

Phelps 

Henry 


Pope 

Saline 

Shelby 

Sionx 

Dickinson 

Hampden 

Ottawa 

Ottawa 

Kandiyohi 

Hniiterdon 

Kiie 

Erie 

Bell 

Orleans 

Brown 

Iji  Crosse 

Sheboygan  

Oneida 

Breathitt 

Luzerne 

Washington...., 

Coffee , 

Orleans 

Monroe 

Blair 

Calhoun 

Montgomery.... 

Clay 

Clay 

Peoria 

York 

Hillgbo  rough... 

San  Benito 

San  lienito 

Middlesex 

Covington 

Pike 

Bladen 

Lexington 

Mitchell 

Hale 

Person 

Van  Buren 

Prowors 

Wolfe 

Oakland 

Oakland 

Murray 

Pender 

Braxton 

Webster 

C«lie  May 

Howard 

Walker 

Monroe 

Gates 

Berkeley 

Nansemond 

Fayette 

.lackson 

DallHs 

Marshall 

Wake 

Wake 

.lackson 

Clark 

Carver 

Luzerne 

Osceola 

Monmouth 

Mackinac 

Menominee 

Pawson 

Crawford 

I>ouKla8„ 

Cullman 

Becker 

.lewell 

Ida 

Adams 

Washington 

Taylor.- 


Population. 


828 


717 
2,490 
1,183 
2,014 


366 


708 

603 


695 


831 

264 

l,4(iO 

1,028 

307 

302 

3,or>4 

2,620 


1,886 
1,720 


913 
1,448 

874 
3,012 

401 


736 


1,018 
115 

3,160 
811 
495 


1,160 
1,542 
1,077 
3,206 
1,0.'M 
3,098 

974 
1,467 
1,313 
1,254 

749 

2,912 

1,653 

95 


379 
2,393 
1,443 

255 
1,189 
2,140 

697 


161 
1,641 


6,161 

549 


80' 
2,370 


138 

900 
260 
8:n 
1,575 
910 
158 


1,660 
682 
659 


2,5.57 
9C8 


1,446 

20 

6UU 

2,623 

1,0U6 

2,620 

240 

363 

2,295 

695 

1,021 

2,601 

1,134 

114 

1,111 

4(K) 

1,724 

2,208 

461 

201 

3,086 

3,946 

136 

1,704 

1,696 

682 

308 

878 

1,249 

1,009 

2,874 

406 

867 

724 

166 

373 

1,381 

254 

2,976 

971 

915 

873 

4^2 

1,266 

1,278 

1,(KX) 

2,700 

1,234 

2,619 

1,,508 

1,282 

1,148 

1,671 

921 

2,973 

1,734 

251 

192 

710 

2,120 

1,266 

2.58 

1,232 

2,450 

813 

217 

638 

719 

363 

1,802 

814 

8,7.59 

&51 

161 

7.53 

2,246 

1,7:« 

218 

661 

103 

1,(M2 

598 

1,807 

1,479 

1,0:«) 

376 

182 

1,423 

746 

842 

141 

628 

6:19 

118 

2,4a5 

811 


Name  of  place  and 
•Ute. 


Holt,  Minn 

Holt,  Minn 

Holt,  Mo 

Holt,  Neb.„ 

Holt,  Neb „ 

Holton,  Kau.... 

Holton,  Mich 

Holton,  Wis 

Holy  Cross,  Minn 

Holyoke,  Col 

liolyuke.  Mugs 

Homan,  Ark 

Ilonian,  Col 

Home,  Col 

Home,  Kan 

Home,  Kan 

Home,  Mich 

Home,  Mich 

Home,  Minn 

Home  City,  0 

Home  Lake,  Minn 

Homer,  Cal 

Homer,  Ga 

Homer,  111 

Homer,  111 

Homer,  Iowa 

Homer,  Iowa 

Homur,  La 

Homer,  Mich 

Homer,  Mich 

Homer,  Mich 

Homer,  Minn 

Homer,  M» 

Homer,  Neb 

Hwner,  N.Y 

Homer,  0 

Homer,  0 , 

Homer,  Pa 

Homer,  S.D „... 

Homer  City,  I'a , 

Homerville,  Oa 

Homestead,  Cal 

Hotiie.steiid,  Kan , 

Homestead,  Mich 

Homestead,  Minn 

Homestead,  Pa 

Homewooil,  Kan 

Homosassa,  Fla 

Honcut.  Cal 

Honea  Path,  S.C 

Honea  Path,  S.C 

Honeo.ve  Falls,  N.Y.... 

Honesdale,  Pa 

Honey  Brook,  Pa 

Honey  Brook,  Pa 

Honey  Comb,  Ala 

Honey  Creek,  Ga 

Honey  Creek,  111 

Honey  Creek,  III 

Honey  Creek,  Ind 

Honey  Creek,  Ind 

Honey  Creek,  Ind 

Honey  Creek,  Iowa 

Honey  Creek,  Iowa 

Honey  Creek,  Mo 

Honey  Creek,  Wig 

Honey  Cut,  Ala 

Honeycutt,  N.C 

Honey  Grove,  Tex 

Honey  Point.  Ill 

Honner,  Minu 

Honneretowu,  I'a 

Honoraville,  Ala 

Hoochinoo,  Alaska 

Hood,  Ala 

Hood  Fork,  Ky_ 

Hood  Fork,  Ky 

Hood  River,  Ore 

Hfiod  Kiver,  Ore 

Hooker,  Mo , 

Hooker,  Nel 

Hooker,  Neb , 

Hookerton,  N.C 

Hookerton.  N.C 

H(x.k8et,  N.H 

Hookstown,  Pa , 

Hoonah,  Al'Ska 

Hooi)er,  Neb 

Hoo|)er,  Neb 

H<x)per,  Utah 

Hooper,  Utah 

Hooper  Creek,  N.C 

Hooper  Island,  Md 

Hoiipeston,  III 

Hoosirk,  N.Y 

Hoosick  Falls,  N.Y 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

post'twp 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

city 

post-twp 

township 

lownsliip 

post-town 

city 

post-twp 

precinct 

|)oet-prect 

post-vill 

township 

townshij) 

towuship 

p«)sl-twp 

|)08t-vill 

townsliip 

township 

mil.-digt 

po.st-town 

township 

townghip 

townshij) 

city 

lownsliip 

I)OBt-Vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

poet  town 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

post-boro' 

mil.-digt 

village 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-boio' 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post  vill 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

township 

(Xist-vill 

precinct 

mil.-digt 

townghip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townghip 

townghip 

townghip 

precinct 

township 

city 

township 

townghip 

village 

post-prect 

village 

precinct 

precinct 

niag.-dist 

precinct 

|ioet-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-boro' 

village 

township 

pogtvill 

precinct 

|iost-prect 

townghip 

district 

city 

post-town 

post-vill 


County. 


Fillmore 

Marshall 

Clay 

Gage 

Key  a  Paha... 

.lackson 

Muskegon.... 

Marathon 

Clay 

Phillips 

Hampden 

Miller 

ICagle -  .... 

Larimer 

Marshall 

Nemaha 

Montcalm 

Newaygo 

Brown 

Hamilton 

Norman 

Mono 

Blinks 

Champaign... 

Will 

Benton 

Bnrhaiian 

Claiborne 

Calhonn 

Callioiiii 

Midland 

Winona 

Bates 

Dakota 

Cortland 

Medina 

Morgan 

PoUer 

Day 

Indiana 

Clinch 

San  .loaquiu. 

Barton 

Benzie 

Otter  Tail 

AUeghnny.... 

Franklin , 

Citrus , 

Butte 

Andcrgon 

Anderson 

Monroe 

Wayne 

Chegler. ., 

Chester 

Marshall 

Korkdale 

Adamg „ 

Crawford 

Howard 

Vigo „ 

White 

Delaware 

Iowa 

Henry ».. 

Sauk „.. 

Macon _ 

Sampson 

Fannin 

Macoupin 

Redwood 

Cambria 

Crenshaw 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


Blount 

Johnson 

Lawrence... 

Waaco 

Wasco 

Laclede...... 

Dixon 

Gage 

Greene 

Greene 

Merrimack. 
Beaver 


Dodge 

Dodge 

Davig 

Weber 

Henderson.. 
Dorchester., 
Vermilion... 
Renggelaor. 
Rensselaer.. 


89: 
490 


21,916 
l,l:i2 


1,982 


1,0<10 
422 


a5(» 
883 
924 

1,2;J3 
843 
86' 
718 

1,908 
893 
601 
860 
842 


3,691 
863 

1,693 
189 


881 
607 
367 
650 
208 
39 
592 


2,320 

228 

1,098 

2,620 

1,849 

470 

391 

1,190 

1,412 

2,264 

1,110 

1,465 

904 

976 

1,078 

480 

1,248 

1,246 

1,691 

884 

94 

96 


1,016 

1,131 

364 


889 


179 
1,470 

179 
1,766 

308 


204 

3:12 

849 

956 

947 

1,272 

7,914 

4,530 


823 

277 

269 

704 

387 

2,727 

906 

7»iO 

1.56 

649 

a5,637 

I.IIS 

465 

16« 

134 

1,384 

1,498 

1,016 

1,056 

797 

398 

2.n 

94S 

917 

1,067 

786 

861 

1,132 

2,032 

1,063 

662 

867 

1,016 

261 

4,206 

732 

1,728 

891 

244 

505 

857 

6:n 

813 

330 

174 

7,911 

719 

168 

862 

2,727 

365 

1,123 

2,816 

1,876 

614 

.373 

1,064 

1,287 

2,184 

1,210 

1,425 

1,013 

874 

943 

497 

1,124 

1,279 

2,141 

1,828 

895 

167 

1,014 

906 

381 

860 

1,215 

2,317 

1,187 

201 

1,209 

66:t 

474 

1,412 

173 

1,893 

297 

438 

1,239 

670 

282 

778 

1,130 

1,125 

1,911 

10,471 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Hoosier,  III 

Hoosier,  Kan 

Hootenville,  Ga 

Hoover,  Neb 

]lop  Buttoni,  Pa 

Hope,  Ark 

Hope,  111 

Hope,  Ind 

Hope,  Kan 

Hope,  Kan 

Hope,  Me 

Hope,  Mich 

Hope,  Mich 

Hojie,  Minn 

Hope,  N.J 

Hope,  N.Y 

Hope,  N.D 

Hope,  N.D 

Hope,  N.D 

Mope,  N.D 

Hope,  SO 

Hopediile,  111 

Hopedale,  III 

Hopedale,  Miiss 

Hopedale,  0 

Hopeful,  Ga 

Hope  Mills,  N.C 

Hopewell,  Ala 

Hopewell,  III 

Hopewell,  Neb 

Hopewell,  N  J 

Hopewell,  N.J 

Hopewell,  N.Y 

Hopewell,  0 

Hopewell,  0 

Hopewell,  0 

Hopewell,  0 

Hopewell,  0 

Hopewell,  Pa 

Hopewell,  Pa 

Hopewell,  Pa 

Hopewell,  Pa 

Hopewell,  Pa 

Hopewell,  Pa 

Hopewell,  Pa 

Hopewell,  S.C 

Hopewell,  S.C 

Hopkins,  III 

Hopkins,  Mich 

Hopkins,  Mo 

Hopkins,  Mo 

fiopkirisville,  Ky 

Hopkinsville,  Ky 

Hopkinton,  Iowa 

llopkinton.  Mass 

Hopkinton,  N.H 

Hopkinton,  N.Y 

Hopkinton,  R.I 

Hopper,  S.D 

Hoppers,  Ala 

Eoquarton,  Ore ..., 

Hoqiiiam,  SVash 

Horace,  Kan 

Horeb,  Ga 

Horeb,  Ore 

Horicon,  N.Y 

Horicoii,  Wis 

Hornbeak,  Tenn 

Hornby,  N.Y 

Hornellsville,  N.Y 

Hornellsville,  N.Y 

Horn  Island,  Miss 

Hornitiis,  Cal 

Horr,  Mont 

Horse  Cave,  Ky 

Horse  Cave,  Ky 

Horse  Creek,  Ala 

Horse  Creek,  N.C 

Horsehead,  Ark 

Horselieads,  N.Y 

Hoi-selieads,  N.Y 

Horse  Lick,  Ky 

Horse  Pasture,  Va 

Horse  Shoe  Bend,  &c., 

Idaho 

Horse  Stamp,  Ga 

Hiirsham,  Pa. 

Hortense,  Ga 

Horton,  Iowa... 

Horton,  Kan 

Horton,  Mich 

Horton,  Minn 

Hiirton,  Pa 

Hortoiiia,  Wis 

Hortonville,  Wis 

Uoschton,  Ga 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

niil.-dist 

precinct 

post-boro' 

post-town 

township 

post- town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

borough 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

city 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-town 

|x)st-vill 

civil-dist 

post-town 

township 

city 

village 

post-town 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

miL-dist 


County. 


Clay 

Kingman 

Upson 

Dundy 

Susquehanna... 

Hempstead 

La  Salle 

Bartholomew... 

Dickinson 

Dickinson 

Knox 

Barry 

Midland 

Lincoln 

Warren 

Hamilton 

Cavalier 

Ramsey 

Steele 

Steele 

Williamsburg.. 

Tazewell 

Tazewell 

Worcester 

Harrison 

Fayette 

Cumberland 

Lowndes 

Marshall 

Hayes 

Cumberland 

Mercer 

Ontario 

Licking 

Mercer 

Muskingum 

Perry 

Seneca 

Beaver 

Bedford 

Chester 

Cumberland 

Huntingdon 

Washington 

York 

Aiken 

Anderson 

Whiteside 

.\llegan 

Nodaway 

Nodaway 

Christian 

Christian 

Delaware 

Middlesex 

Merrimack 

Saint  Lawrence 

Washington 

Aurora 

Etowah 

Tillamook 

Chehalis 

Greeley 

Jasper 

Marion 

Warren 

Dodge 

Obion 

Steuben 

Steuben 

Steuben 

Jackson 

Mariposa 

Park 

Hart 

Hart 

Marengo 

Ashe 

Johnson 

Clieniung 

Chemung 

Jackson 

Henry 


Boise 

Camden 

Montgomery.. 

Wayne 

Osceola 

Brown 

Ogemaw 

Stevens 

Klk 

Outagamie 

Outagamie 

Jackson 


Population. 


1,1.36 

379 

1.0B2 


1,233 

1,2;J5 

835 

647 


830 
1,302 

4.56 

169 
1,.569 

651 


2,326 

1,.364 

262 


1,172 
705 


1,764 
4,462 
1,8!»4 
1,062 
1,18.5 
1,674 
1,284 
1,632 
1,082 
1,404 

216 
1,069 

679 

798 
3,773 

375 
1,546 
1,308 
1,869 
1,883 

920 
7,160 
4,229 

645 
4,601 
1,836 
1,922 
2,952 


507 
299 


619 


1,250 
1,121 
1,209 
9,852 
8,195 


350 


3,245 

626 

673 

1,2.37 

1,240 

3,449 

1,684 

745 

4,975 


695 
1,315 


212 

68A 

1,193 

311 


1,214 

396 

894 

141 

299 

1,937 

1,054 

1,009 

1,276 

632 

641 

1,214 

656 

382 

1,332 

560 

842 

42 

334 

238 

2,719 

1,409 

471 

1,176 

424 

531 

773 

709 

624 

279 

1,743 

4,338 

1,656 

891 

1,414 

1,579 

1,238 

1,474 

1,447 

1,3.56 

213 

1,027 

611 

788 

1,540 

734 

2,018 

1,115 

1,821 

1,827 

846 

9,112 

6,838 

668 

4,088 

1,817 

1,832 

2,864 

268 

290 

911 

1,302 

1,50 

667 

624 

1,582 

1,354 

1,326 

1,011 

1,939 

10,996 

8 

276 

232 

1,917 

598 

787 

1,626 

1,021 

3,4S2 

1,716 

718 

4,924 

644 
708 

1,239 
427 
198 

3,316 
224 
181 

2,204 

1,307 
440 

1,203 


Name  of  place  and 
Btste. 


HoBchton,  Ga 

Hosmer,  S.D 

Hotchkiss,  Col 

Hotel,  N.C 

Hot  House,  Ga 

Hot  House,  N.C 

Hot  Springs,  Ark.... 
Hut  Springs,  Ark.... 
Hot  Springs,  Cal.... 
Hot  Springs,  Cal.... 
Hot  Springs,  Cal.... 
Hot  Springs,  Col.... 
Hot  Springs,  N.M... 
Hot  Springs,  N.M... 
Hot  Springs,  N.C... 
Hot  Springs,  NO.... 
Hot  Springs,  S.D.... 
Hot  Sulphur  Spr'gs.Col. 

Houghton,  Mich , 

Houghton,  Mich , 

Houlka,  Miss , 

Houlton,  Me 

Houma,  La 

Hounsfield,  N.Y 

House,  Ga 

House  Creek,  N.C , 

Houseman,  Ky 

Houser,  Ky 

Houston,  Ala 

Houston,  Ark 

Houston,  Ga 

Hou'ton,  Idaho 

Houston,  HI , 

Houston,  Kan 

Houston,  Minn 

Houston,  Minn 

Houston,  Miss , 

Houston,  Mo , 

Houston,  Tex , 

Houston,  Va , 

Houstonia,  Mo 

Houstonia,  Mo 

Houtzdale,  Pa 

Hoven,  S.D 

Hovey,  Pa 

Howard,  Ark 

Howard,  Col 

Howard,  Ga 

Howard,  Ga 

Howard,  Ind 

Howard,  Ind 

Howard,  Ind 

Howard,  Iowa 

Howard,  Iowa 

Howard,  Iowa 

Howard,  Iowa 

Howard,  Kan 

Howard,  Kan 

Howard,  Kan 

Howard,  Kan 

Howard,  Mich 

Howard,  Mo 

Howard,  Mo 

Howard,  N.Y 

Howard,  O 

Howard,  Ore 

Howard,  Pa 

Howard,  Pa 

Howard,  S.D 

Howard,  Wis 

Howard  Centre,  Iowa. 

Howard  City,  Mich 

Howard  City,  Neb 

Howard  Creek,  N.C 

Howard  Lake,  Minn.. 

Howard  Mill,  Ky 

Howard's  Mills,  Ky  ... 

Howardsville,  Col 

Howbert,  Col 

Howe,  Pa 

Howe,  Pa 

Howe,  Tex 

Howe,  Wis 

Howel,  Ark 

Howell,  Ala 

Howell,  Ark 

Howell,  Ga 

Howell,  Mich 

Howell,  Mich 

Howell,  Mo 

Howell,  Neb 

Howell,  N.J 

Howell,  S.D 

Howell  Cove,  Ala 

Howell  Prairie,  Ore.... 
HowelUville,  N.C. 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

lx>8t-town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

mag.-dist 

nmg.-dist 

post-prect 

post-tw]) 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

city 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post  boro' 

post-tjwp 

township 

township 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

village 

township 

village 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-twp 


County, 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


Jackson 

Edmunds.... 

Delta 

Surry 

Fannin 

Cherokee.... 

Garland 

Garland 

Modoc 

Napa 

San  Luis  Obispo 

Pitkin 

Bernalillo 

San  Miguel 

Madison 

Madison 

Fall  River 

Grand 

Houghton 

Keweenaw 

Chickasaw 

Aroostook 

Terre  Bonne... 

Jefferson 

Jackson 

Wake 

Graves 

McCracken 

Winston 

Perry 

Heard 

Custer 

Adams 

Smith 

Houston 

Houston 

Chickasaw 

Texas 

Harris 

Halifax 

Pettis 

Pettis 

Clea.-field 

Potter 

Armstrong 

Conway 

Fremont 

Bibb 

Taylor 

Howard 

Parke 

Washington ... 

Howard 

Story , 

Tama 

Wayne , 

Elk , 

Elk 

Grant 

Labette 

Cass 

Bates 

Gentry 

Steuben 

Knox 

Crook 

Centre 

Centre 

Miner , 

Brown 

Howard 

Montcalm 

Howard 

Lincoln 

Wright 

Nelson 

Montgomery  .. 

San  Juan 

Park 

Forest 

Perry 

Grayson 

Oconto 

Johnson 

Marlon ..». 

Perry 

Cobb 

Livingston 

Livingston 

Howell 

Colfax 

Monmouth 

Hand 

Talladega 

Marion ». 

Robeson 

127 


803 

624 

864 

6,179 

3,554 

402 

3,183 


1,438 
1,004 


3,228 
1,084 
2,770 
1,310 
2,304 
1,.520 
1,196 


961 


1,112 
1,819 
691 
610 
480 
191 
16,513 


r41 


2,060 


589 
2,524 


1,456 
684 

1,328 
554 

1,250 
781 

1,098 
900 
676 

1,696 
683 


V52 
975 
515 
1,571 
2,131 
983 


947 

498 


1,171 
692 
924 


1,986 
477 


382 
398 


3,250 
2,071 
1,574 


3,374 


637 
l,240l 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Kune  of  pU«e  and 
sute. 


Howelton,  AU 

Howi-t,  N.D 

Huwkan,  AUik*..... 

HowUiitl,  Ue 

HowlKiid,  O 

HoWTille,  Ac,  Col... 

Hosle,  Ark 

Uoxle,  K*n 

Hoyleton,  III 

Ho}iet»n,  III 

Ho>Uvllle,  Utah 

Hoytville,  O 

Iloytrille,  Pa. 

Ilublmrd,  luwa. 

Hubbard,  Minn 

Hubbanl,  Minn 

Hubtwrd,  Neb 

HubUiil,  O 

Hubbard,  O 

Ilublmni,  Ore 

Hubl>ard,  Ore 

Hubbard,  Tex 

Hubbard,  Wis 

Hubbarditon,  Mass.. 

Hubbardton,  Vt 

Hubbell,  Neb 

Uubbell,  Neb 

Hubble,  Ky 

Hubble,  Mo 

Hubley,  Pa 

Uuckiiing,  Alaska... 

Hudson,  (Jul 

Hudson,  Kla. 

Hudson,  III , 

Hudson,  III 

Hudsun,  Ind 

Hudson,  Me 

Hudson,  Ma«8 

Hudson,  Mich 

Hudson,  Mich 

Hudson,  Mich 

Hudson,  Miuu 

Hudson,  Mo 

Hudson,  Mo 

Hudson,  N.H 

Hudson,  N.Y , 

Hudson,  O 

Hudson,  0 

Hudson,  S.D 

Hudson,  Wis , 

Hudson,  Wis , 

Hudson  Mill,  Ala.... 
Hudsouville,  Ky.... 

Hueneme,  Cal 

Huev,  Ark 

Huff,  Ind 

Huff  Creek.  W.  Va 

HuKgius,  Mo 

Huglirs,  Ala 

Huglies,  Ala 

Hughes,  Mo 

Hughes  Mill,  Tenn. 
Hughes  Springs,  Tex... 

Hughrstown,  Pa 

Hnghesville,  Mo 

Hughesville,  Pa 

Hugo,  Col 

Hugoton,  Kan 

Huguenot,  Ya 

Huiet,  S.0 

Hulbert,  S.D 

Hull,  Iowa.... .*...„... 

Hull,  Mass 

Hull,  Neb 

Hull,  Wig 

Hull,  Wis 

Hnllsville,  Md 

Hnlmeville,  Pa 

Uuinansville,  Mo.... 
Huinboldl,  Iowa.... 

Humboldt,  Kan 

Humboldt,  Kan 

Humboldt,  Mich.... 
Humboldt,  Minn..., 

Humboldt,  Neb 

Humboldt,  Neb 

Humboldt,  S.D 

Humboldt,  Tenn.... 
Humboldt,  Tenn.... 

Humboldt,  Wis 

Hambolt,  III 

HamlK>lt,III 

Humbug,  Neb 

Hume,  III 

Hume,  III 

Hume,  Mich 

128 


Bank  of 
plaM. 


poat-prect 

tnwnahlp 

Tillage 

poat-town 

townabtp 

precinct 

post-town 

pust-Tlll 

township 

po«t-vtll 

posi-precl 

post-vlll 

pott-vill 

post-twp 

[KWt-tWp 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vlll 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

jwst-prect 

township 

township 

hamlet 

post-prect 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-tow  n 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

towuBhip 

township 

township 

post-town 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

city 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-twp 

civil-dist 

post-town 

borough 

post-twp 

post-bo  ro' 

post-prect 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

village 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

city 

post-twp 

civil-dist 

post-vill 

towntthip 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 


Coanty. 


Etowah... 
Ctm. 


Penobscot 

Trumbull_ 

Gunnison 

Lawrence 

Sheridan 

Washington 

Washington 

Summit 

Wood 

Tioga 

Hardiu 

Hubbard 

Polk 

Dakota 

Trumbull 

Trumbull 

Marion 

Marion 

Hill 

Dodge 

Worcester 

Rutland 

Thayer 

Tliayer 

Lincoln 

Cape  Girardeau 
Schuylkill 


Weld 

Pasco 

McLean 

McLean 

La  I'orte 

Penobscot...; 
Middlesex... 
Charlevoix.. 

Lenawee 

Lenawee..-., 

Douglas , 

Dates , 

Macon 

Hillsborough.... 

Columbia. 

Summit 

Summit 

Edmunds 

St.  Croix 

St.  Croix 

De  Kalb 

Breckenridge, 

Ventura 

Calhoun 

Spencer 

Wyoming 

Gentry 

Covington 

Tuscaloosa...., 

Nodaway , 

Loudon 

Cass 

Luzerne 

Pettis 

Lycoming , 

Lincoln , 

Stevens 

Powhatan 

Edgefield , 

Hand 

Sioux 

Plymouth 

Banner 

Marathon 

Portage 

Baltimore 

Bucks... _ 

Polk 

Humboldt 

Allen 

Allen 

Marquette.... 

Clay 

Richardson... 
Richardson... 
Minnehaha... 

Gibson 

Gibson 

Brown. .„ 

Coles 

Coles 

Stanton 

Edgar 

Whiteside-... 
Huron 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


137 
76J 


312 
281 


6,102 

1,511 

283 

141 


2,055 

1,386 

533 


1,679 
740 


1, 

276 

649 

6.59 

3,739 

148 

3,782 

2,264 

452 

1,434 

4,235 

1,045 

8,670 

1,817 


665 
2,298 


1,130 

189 
1,6.52 

587 
1,179 

255 
1,476 
2,565 

746 

69 

1,192 

1,353 

899 


2,409 
2,376 


720 
1,044 


376 

32» 

6.56 

2,528 

1,542 


1,627 
917 


3,017 

1,672 

1,060 

1,719 

237 

251 

179 

63:j 

938 


410 

167 

105 

171 

771 

189 

102 

246 

1,776 

361 

288 

395 

660 

452 

63:) 

RJO 

386 

3,620 

1,498 

402 

117 

894 

1,690 

1,346 

506 

9.55 

330 

347 

2,10.3 

968 

32 

196 

194 

1,269 

273 

497 

610 

4,670 

118 

3,479 

2,178 

609 

1,209 

4,464 

1,092 

9,970 

1,797 

1,143 

96 

593 

2,885 

315 

2,995 

2,667 

328 

l,69:i 

483 

1,229 

179 

916 

1,910 

768 

296 

1,454 

857 

1,358 

121 

136 

2,102 

2,215 

173 

666 

989 

278 

893 

1,477 

486 

418 

791 

998 

1,841 

1,361 

608 

268 

1,928 

1,114 

324 

3,367 

1,837 

1,068 

1,732 

279 

684 

433 

634 

781 


Name  of  place  and 
■tata. 


Hume,  Mo 

Hume,  N.Y 

Hnnie8ton,I()w» , 

Hnniniulstuwn,  Pa 

Ilnniplirey,  Ga 

Hnuiplirey,  Neb , 

Humphrey,  Neb 

Humphrey,  N.Y , 

Humphreys,  Ga 

Humphreys,  Mo 

Hungerford,  Iowa 

Hunlock,  Pa 

Huiinewell,  Kan , 

Hunnowell,  Ky , 

lluunewell.  Mo , 

Hunt,  Ark 

Hunter,  Ala 

Hunter,  111 

Hunter,  Minn 

Hunter,  Neb 

Hunter,  Neb , 

Hunter,  Neb 

Hunter,  N.Y 

Hunter,  N.Y 

Hunter,  N.D 

Hunter,  N.D 

Hunter,  S.C 

Hunter,  Utah 

Hunter  Mill,  N.C 

Hunter's  Hot  Springs, 

Mont 

Huntersville,  N.C... 
Huntersville,  N.C... 

Huntersville,  0 

Huntersville,  W.  Va. 
Huntingburg,  Ind... 

Huntingdon,  Pa 

Huntingdon,  Tenn.. 
Hunting  Quarter,  N.C. 
Huntington,  Ark.... 
Huntington,  Conn.. 
Huntington,  Ind.... 
Huntington,  Ind.... 
Huntington,  Mass.. 
Huntington,  MIks.. 
Huntington,  N.Y... 
Huntington,  N.Y... 

Huntington,  0 

Huntington,  O 

Huntington,  0 

Huntington,  0 

Huntington,  Ore.... 
Huntington,  Ore.... 

Huntington,  Pa 

Huntington,  Pa 

Huntington,  Utah.. 
Huntington,  Utah.. 

Huntington,  Vt 

Huntington,  W.Va. 

Huntley,  III 

Huntley,  Mont 

Huntley,  S.D 

Huntsburg,  O 

Hunt  Store,  Ala 

Huntaville,  Ala 

Huntsville,  Ala 

Huntsville,  Ark 

Huntsville,  III 

Huntsville,  Ind 

Huntsville,  Kan 

Huntsville,  Ky 

Huntsville,  Minn... 

Huntsville,  Mo 

Huntsville,  N.C 

Huntsville,  O 

Huntsville,  Tenn.... 

Huntsville,  Tex 

Hunteville,  Utah..., 
Huntsville,  Utah.... 

Hurdland,  Mo 

Hurlburt.  Ill 

Hurley,  N.Y 

Hurley,  S.D 

Hurley,  Wis 

Huron,  Iowa 

Huron,  Mich 

Huron,  Mich 

Huron,  N.Y 

Huron,  0 

Huron,  0 

Huron,  SD 

Hurrah,  Fla 

Hurricane,  Ark 

Hurricane,  Ark 

Hurricane,  Ark , 

Hurricane,  Ark 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

|iost-l)oro' 

mil.-dist 

township 

l)ost-vill 

post-town 

Jiost-viil 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vlll 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

village 

mng.-dist 

city 

post-boro' 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

city 

poisf-town 

popt-tiiwn 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

post-town 

city 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

civil-dist 

city 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

city 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 


County. 


Bates 

Alleghany..., 

Wayne 

Dauphin , 

Paulding , 

Platte 

Platte 

Cattaraugus., 

Clinch 

Sullivan 

Plymouth 

Lu/erne , 

Sumner 

Greenup 

Shelby , 

Scott 

Cullman 

Edgar 

Jackson 

Dawes 

Sheridan 

Wavne , 

Greene 

Greene 

Cass 

Cass 

Laurens 

Salt  Lake 

Gates 


Park 

Mecklenburg.. 
Mecklenburg.. 

Miami 

Pocahontas 

Dubois 

Huntingdon..., 

Carroll 

Carteret 

Sebastian 

Fairfield 

Huntington... 
Huntington... 

Hampsliire 

Bolivar 

Suftolk 

Suflolk 

Brown 

Gallia 

Lorain 

Boss 

Baker 

Baker 

Adams 

Luzerne 

Emery 

Emery 

Chittenden.... 

Cabell 

McHenry 

Yellowstone... 

Edmunds 

Geauga 

Jackson 

Madison 

Madison 

Madison 

Schuyler. 

Randolph 

Reno 

Butler 

Polk 

Randolph 

Rockingliam  . 

Logan 

Scolt 

Walker 

Weber 

Weber 

Knox 

Logan 

Ulster 

Turner 

Ashland 

Des  Moines.... 

Huron 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Erie 

Erie 

Beadle 

Hillsborough. 

Cleveland 

Franklin 

Greene 

Saline 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


1,006 


1,n4:« 
863 


097 


473 
759 


1,886 
424 
245 
174 

1,190 
8(1 


1,882 
481 


4,867 

'i"64i 


223 
97,5 
781 

4,125 
046 

1,009 


2,499 
6,475 
3,86:1 
1,236 


8.098 
2,952 
3,085 
1,7.58 

767 
2,400 

218 


1,642 
1,696 


3,174 
505 


4,977 
312 

1,192 
153 


724 

1,527 
1,297 

429 
1,55t) 
2,536 

819 


108 

568 

2,521 


866 
768 
2,019 
2,036 
1,910 
1,038 
164 


493 

646 

1,224 

619 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Hurricane,  Ga 

Hurricane,  III 

Hurricane,  Ky 

Hurricane,  Mo 

Hurricane,  Mo 

Hurricane,  S.C 

Hurricane,  Tenn 

Hurricane,  W.  Va 

Hurricane  Creek,  Miss. 
Hurricane  Island,  Me.. 
Hurricane  Lake,  N.D... 

Hurtsborough,  Ala 

Hurtville,  Ala 

Hvisted,  Col 

Hustisfurd,  Wis 

Huslisford,  Wis 

Huston,  Pa 

Huston,  Pa 

Huston,  Pa 

Hustonville,  Ky 

Hustonville,  Ky 

Hutchingg,  Ga 

Hutcliins,  Wis 

Hutchinson,  Ga 

Hutchinson,  Kan 

Hutchinson,  Minn 

Hutchinson,  Minn 

Hutchison,  Ky 

Hutsonvillu,  III 

Hutsonville,  111 

Hutton,  III 

Huttonsville,  W.  Va. ... 

Hutton  Valley,  Mo 

Hyannis,  Neb 

Hyatt,  Tex 

Hyattsville,  Md 

Hyde,  Col 

Hyden,  Ky 

Hyden,  Ky 

Hyde  Park,  Mass 

Hyde  Park,  Minn 

Hyde  Park,  N.Y 

Hyde  Park,  Utah 

Hyde  P«rk,  Vt 

Hydesville,  Cal 

Hydetown,  Pa 

Hydraulic,  Col 

Hyndman,  Pa 

Hyrum,  Utah 

lantlia.  Mo 

Icard,  N.C 

Iconium,  Iowa 

Icy  Cape,  Alaska 

Ida,  Mich 

Ida,  Minn 

Ida  Grove,  Iowa 

Idaho,  Col 

Idaho  City,  Idaho 

Idaho  Springs,  Col 

Idalia,  Col 

Idea,  Ore 

Idlewild,  Tenn 

Igiigik,  Alaska 

IghiHk,  Alaska 

Ighiakchaghamute, 

Alaska 

Igivachochamute,  Alas. 

Ignalook,  Alaska 

Ignigtok,  Alaska 

Igo,  Cal 

Ikaleaveagmute,  Alas.. 
Ikalinkamute,  Alaska.. 

Iko-agmute,  Alaska 

Ikoginiite,  Alaska 

Iliamna,  Alaska 

Ilion,  N.Y 

Illini,  111 

Illinois,  Ark 

Illinois,  Ark 

Illinois,  Kan 

Illinois,  Kan 

Illinois,  Kan 

Illinois,  Kan 

Illinois,  N.D 

Illinois.  S.D 

Illiopolis.Ill 

Illiopolis.Ill 

lllwill,  Ky 

lllyria,  Iowa 

Use,  Col 

Ilwaco,  Wash 

Imboden,  Ark 

Imliiy,  Mich 

Imlay  City,  Mich 

Imnaha,  Ore 

Imiigene,  Iowa 


Bank  of 
place. 


mil.-dist 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

civil-dist 

post-vill 

post-beat 

post-town 

|>ost  twp 

po.ft-town 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

city 

township 

post-vill 

niag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post  prect 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

post-prect 

post-boro' 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

hamlet 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-prect 

precinct 

civil-dist 

hamlet 

hamlet 

hamlet 

hamlet 

hamlet 

hamlet 

post-twp 

hamlet 

hamlet 

hamlet 

village 

hamlet 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 


County. 


Coweta 

Fayette 

Crittenden 

Carroll 

Lincoln 

Pickens 

Moore 

I'utnam 

Lauderdale 

Knox 

fierce 

Rusisell 

Iiussell 

El  Paso 

Uodge 

Dodge 

Blair 

Centre 

Clearfield..; 

Lincoln 

Lincoln 

Polk 

Shawano 

Greene 

Reno 

McLeod 

McLeod 

Bonrbon  

Crawford 

Crawford 

Coles 

Randolph 

Howell 

Grant 

Tyler 

Prince  George's 

Washington 

Leslie 

Leslie 

Norfolk 

Wabasha 

Dutchess 

Cache 

Lamoille 

Humboldt 

Crawford 

Montrose 

Bedford 

Cache 

Barton 

Burke 

Appanoose 


Monroe 

Douglas 

Ida 

Clear  Creek.. 

BoisS 

Clear  Creek.. 

Arapahoe. 

Gilliam 

Gibson 


Herkimer 

Macon 

Pope 

Washington., 

Nemaha 

Rush 

Sedgwick 

Sumner 

Nelson 

Hyde 

Sangamon.... 
Sangamon.... 

Clinton 

Fayette 

Custer 

Pacific 

Lawrence.... 

Lapeer 

Lapeer 

Wallowa 

Fremont 


Population. 


1,146 

1,505 
1,821 


2,827 
1,470 

473 

67 

3,081 

220 


2,239 

*r,'666 

488 
1,633 

892 
1,354 
2,775 

353 
1,080 

280 
1,044 
1,540 
1,368 

580 
1,0.57 
1,993 

418 
2,2.52 

837 

630 


288 


1,355 

57 

7,088 

423 
2,873 

433 
1,715 

723 

405 


323 
1,234 


1,281 


1,369 
477 
759 


1,489 


3,711 

1,232 

2,.583 

2,195 

5.54 

604 

432 

430 


1,322 

686 

1,0411 

1,160 


85 


2,400 
971 


1,016 
1,457 
2,466 
1,894 
2,798 
1,723 

414 

207 
3,214 

266 

163 

433 
1,913 

311 
1,639 

513 
1,391 

766 
2,443 
2,649 

435 

785 

620 

819 
8,682 
1,869 
1,414 
1,066 
2,217 

582 
2,180 
1,172 
1,176 

221 

429 
1,.509 

195 

1,295 

80 

10,193 

472 
2,821 

491 
1,633 
1,511 

247 

60 

1,056 

1,423 

206 
1,386 

111 

67 

1,410 

746 
1,563 
2,119 

459 
1,338 

393 
92 

731 
60 
94 

81 
31 

85 

64 

1,076 

38 

60 

65 

140 

76 

4,057 

1,185 

2,808 

1,169 

929 

256 

484 

606 

145 

90 

1,607 

689 

975 

1,035 

200 

517 

157 

2,620 

1,251 

83 

279 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Imperial,  Neb 

Imperial,  Neb 

Inavale,  Neb 

Independence,  Ala 

Independence,  Ark 

Independence,  Ark 

Independence,  Ark 

Independence,  Ark 

Independence,  111 

Independence,  Iowa.... 
Independence,  Iowa.... 
Independence,  Iowa.... 
Independence,  Iowa.... 
Independence,  Iowa.... 

Independence,  Kan 

Independence,  Kan 

Independence,  Kan 

Independence,  Kan 

Independence,  Kj' 

Independence,  Ky 

Independence,  Mich.... 
Independence,  Minn.... 
Independence,  Minn.... 

Independence,  Mo 

Independence,  Mo 

Independence,  Mo 

Independence,  Mo 

Independence,  Mo 

Independence,  N  J 

Independence,  N.Y 

Independence,  0 

Independence,  0 

Independence,  0 

Independence,  Ore 

Independence,  Pa 

Independence,  Pa 

Independence,  S.D 

Independence,  Tex 

Independence,  W.  Va... 

Independence,  Wis 

Independent,  Kan 

Independent,  Neb 

Index,  Mo 

Indian,  Cal 

Indian,  Mo 

Indian,  S.C 

Indiana,  Iowa 

Indiana,  Kan 

Indiana,  Kan 

Indiana,  Pa 

Indiana,  Pa 

Indianapolis,  Ind 

Indian  Bay,  Ark 

Indian  Bayou,  Ark 

Indian  Bottom,  Ky 

Indian  Branch,  Ala 

Indian  Creek,  Ala 

Indian  Creek,  111 

Indian  Creek,  111 

Indian  Creek,  Ind 

Indian  Creek,  Ind 

Indian  Creek,  Ind 

Indian  Creek,  Iowa 

Indian  Creek,  Iowa 

Indian  Creek,  Kan 

Indian  Creek,  Ky 

Indian  Creek,  Mo 

Indian  Creek,  Neb.. .... 

Indian  Fields,  Mich 

Indian  Grove,  III 

Indian  Hill,  S.C 

Indian  Lake,  Minn 

Indian  Lake,  N.Y 

Indian  Land,  S.C 

Indian  Mound,  Tenn.... 

Indianola,  III 

Indianola,  Iowa 

Indianola,  Neb 

Indianola,  Neb 

Indianola,  Utah 

Indian  Point,  111 

Indian  Prairie,  111 

Indian  River,  Del 

Indian  Springs,  Ga 

Indian  Springs,  Ky 

Indian  Springs,  Md 

Indian  Springs,  Mo.... 

Indian  Springs,  N.C 

Indiantown,  111 

Indian  Valley,  Idaho.... 

Indian  Valley,  Ore 

Indian  Valley,  Va 

Indian  Village,  Iowa.... 
Indian  Woods,  N.C, 

Indio,  Cal 

Industrial,  Minn 


Bank  of 
place. 


precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

village 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

city 

post-town 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

civil-dist 

post-vill 

city 

precinct 

city 

precinct 

township 

township 

hundred 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

district 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 


County. 


Chase 

Chase 

Webster 

Autauga 

Baxter 

Lee 

Madison 

Pope 

Saline 

Appanoose 

Buchanan 

Hamilton 

Jasper 

Palo  Alto 

Montgomery.... 
Montgomery.... 

Osborne 

Washington 

Kenton 

Laurel 

Oakland 

Hennepin 

St.  Louis 

Dunklin 

Jackson 

Macon 

Nodaway 

Schuyler 

Warren 

Alleghany 

Cuyahoga 

Richland 

Washington 

Polk 

Beaver 

Washington 

Day 

Washiugton 

Preston 

Trempealeau.... 

Barton 

Valley 

Cass 

Plumas 

Pike 

Williamsburg... 

Marion 

Graham 

Lincoln 

Alleghany 

Indiana 

Marion 

Monroe 

Lonoke 

Letcher 

Pike 

Bullock 

Cass 

White 

Lawrence 

Monroe 

Pulaski 

Mills 

Story 

Anderson 

Knox 

Monroe 

Dundy 

Tuscola 

Livingston 

Abbeville 

Nobles 

Hamilton 

Lancaster 

Stewart 

Vermilion 

Warren 

Red  Willow 

Red  Willow 

San  Pete 

Knox 

Wayne 

Sussex... 

Bntts 

Campbell 

Washington 

McDonald 

Wayne 

Bureau 

Washington 

Union 

Floyd 

Tama 

Bertie 

San  Diego 

Saint  Louis 

129 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


829 
2,6J6 


514 

1,058 

707 

3,128 


1,070 


l,60ij 

2,915 

442 


1,964 
397 

1,380 
842 


1,578 
3,146 
1,098 
1,431 
1,496 
1,018 
1,186 
1,993 
394 
1,792 


829 
1,012 


1,083 

1,716 

1,247 

1,914 

1,131 

611 

46.3 

1,189 

1,907 

75,(156 

167 

273 

722 

881 

1,134 


2,925 
1,643 
1,131 

948 
1,917 
1,212 

37: 
1,677 

567 


1,869 
3,143 
1,854 

200 

615 
1,409 
1,243 

3118 
4,110 
1,231 

233 


1,726 
1,75:1 
1,813 
987 
827 
1,736 


1,753 
1,507 


663 
2,171 
1,369 


722 

159 

378 

892 

809 

3,.537 

254 

688 

1,506 

096 

3,163 

564 

1,277 

295 

1,859 

3,127 

340 

805 

1,818 

679 

1,297 

1,035 

85 

2,695 

6,380 

964 

1,818 

1,694 

904 

1,249 

1,973 

266 

1,6U 

1,001 

9:52 

899 

390 

373 

273 

382 

574 

240 

1,211 

1,258 

1,305 

1,919 

1,t)00 

484 

543 

1,057 

1,963 

105,436 

140 

936 

1,055 

1,101 

1,240 

392 

2,806 

1,891 

1,036 

1,027 

1,440 

1,:526 

713 

831 

595 

185 

2,469 

3,117 

2,536 

320 

1,047 

1,035 

1,201 

472 

2,254 

1,:503 

579 

148 

1,496 

1,812 

1,756 

1,:i91 

772 

1,683 

131 

1,688 

1,277 

210 

l,3:i2 

2,012 

1,128 

1,599 

191 

61 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Vune  of  pUkM  and 
■tau. 


Bank  of 
plitce. 


laduttry,  III townalilp 

Itidu«try,  III inat-Tlll 

InUuntry,  Me> tuwnihip 

Indtuirjr,  Neb towiwlilp 

IiMluslrjr,  Pa vilUge 

Induitry,  Pn po«t-twp 

facabanuU.  Alarti  _-  luunlat 

I««alla,  Kan poat-twp 

IngallatoB,  Mich |  township 

laSftmatahn,  Alaska Imiolet 

In|«ra»ate,  Alaska Iinralet 

Xiii«raoll,  Mich township 

Inicersoll,  T«x post-town 

lugham,  Iowa township 

Ingham,  Miuh { township 

Inxle,  Iihtho i  precinct 

Ingnld.  N.C. !  post-Till 

Inxr-ihani,  Iowa. ....j  township 


Ingram,  N.C  ... 

Inkstvr,  N.D 

Inkater,  N.D 

InUml,  Iowa 

Inland,  Mich 

Inland,  Neb „ „, 

Ininan,  Minn 

Innian,  Nub 

Inman,  Tenn 

lu^iacUaraiile,  Alaska . 

Intercour'io,  Ala. 

Interior,  Mich 

Inter  Lacheii,  Fla. 

iBTergrove,  Minn 

Inverness,  Mich 

Inwood,  N.Y... 

lola,  Fla 

lola,  Kan 

lola,  Kan 

lola.  Wis. 

lona,  Minn.. 

lone,  Cal 

lone,  Ore 

Ionia,  Kan 

Ionia,  Mich 

Ionia,  Mich 

lonlii,  \eb 

Iosco,  Mich 

Io4co,  Minn , 

Iowa,  Iowa 

Iowa,  Iowa 

Iowa,  Iowa 

L)wa,  Iowa 

Iowa,  Iowa 

Iowa,  Iowa 

Iowa,  Iowa. „., 

Iowa,  I.)W* 

lowH,  Iowa. 

lowii,  L.wa 

Iowa,  Kail 

Iowa,  Kan 

Iowa,  Kan 

Iowa,  Minn 

Iowa,  Neb _„., 

low.i,  S  0 

Iowa,  S.D 

Iowa,  S.D „ 

Iowa  City,  Iowa 

Iowa  F^ils,  Iowa 

Iowa  Lake,  Iowa 

Iowa  Park,  Tex« 

Ipava,  III „ 

Ipswich,  Mass. 

Ipswich,  S.D 

Ipswich,  S.D 

Ira,  Mich 

Ira,  NY - 

Ira,  Vt 

Irasburg,  Vt 

Irdin.  N  D 

Iredoli,  Tex „. 

Ireland,  Ky 

Ireland,  Ore 

Ireton,  Iowa „ 

Irisburt;,  Va. , 

Iri^h  Bottom,  Tenn 

Iriih  Corner.  W.  Va_.., 

Irishtown,  III 

Iron,  Mo , 

Iron,  Mo , 

Ironaton,  Ala 

Iron  Creek,  Ark „. 

Irondale,  O 

Irondale,  Wash 

Irondequoit,  N.Y 

Iron  Duff,  N.C 

Iron  Hill,  Ga 

Iron  Mountain,  Mich.. 

180 


townahip 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

post-viU 

hanilet 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-t  >wn 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-twp 

town-ihip 

township 

towntliip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

|K>8t-viIl 

|iost-twp 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

pos^vill 

m«g.-dist 

(irecinct 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

civil-dist 

mag.-<list 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

post-twp 

mtl.-diat 

Citjr 


Ooantjr. 


MoDonough., 
MoDonough. 

Franklin 

Phflps 

Alleghany.... 
Beav«r_ « 


Gray 

Menominee. 


Midland 

Bowie , 

Krauklin 

Inghsm 

Ne«  Perces.... 

Sampsun 

Mills 

Johnston 

Grand  Forks., 
Grand  Forks., 

Cedar 

Benzie 

Cl.yr  

Otter  Tail 

Holt 

Marion 


Sumter 

Ontonagon  

Putnam 

D.ikota 

Cheboygan 

Queens 

Calhoun 

Allen 

Allen 

Waupaca 

Murray 

Amador..  

Morrow 

Jewell  

Ionia 

Ionia 

Dixon 

Livingston 

Waseca 

Allamakee 

Benton 

Cedar 

Crawford , 

Dubuque , 

Iowa , 

Jackson........... 

Marshall 

Washington 

Wiight , 

Doniphan 

Rooks 

Siierraan , 

Todd 

Holt 

Beadle 

Douglas 

Sully 

Johnson 

Hardin 

Emmet 

Wichita 

Fulton 

Essex 

Edmunds 

Edmunds 

Saint  Clair. 

Caynga 

Rutland 

Orleans 

Ramsey , 

B'isque , 

Taylor..„ , 

Crook , 

Sioux 

Henry 

Cocke 

Greenbrier 

Clinton 

Iron 

Saint  Francois. 

Talladega 

Yell 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Monroe 

Haywood 

liartow 

Dickinson , 


Population. 


18S0.      1890, 


1,4S0 
306 
715 


738 


61)2 
1,411 


l,03t 
1,755 


1,069 
287 
6(10 
17J 


791 
1,()27 


2,,^l7 

1,096 

979 

112 


1,142 
1,813 
4,190 


1,018 
1,058 

787 
2,884 
l,0,i6 

5:J5 

768 
1,036 
1,270 
1,032 
1,626 

369 
3,607 

421 


7,12:{ 
95.5 
44 


675 
3,699 


1,646 

2,113 

479 

1,064 


171 
1,740 


2,001 


1,188 

886 

1,348 

2,159 


145 

399 


1,086 
446 


1,419 

432 

645 

614 

«00 

618 

50 

649 

491 

73 

35 

1,1  ;io 

215 

671 

1,2.J2 

100 

78 

1,081 

2,053 

411 

211 

1,054 

419 

690 

292 

658 

620 

42 

825 

559 

207 

1,21 1 

1,153 

1,277 

119 

2,743 

1,706 

1,315 

341 

806 

359 

684 

1,482 

4,482 

82 1 

947 

042 

698 

792 

85,5 

021 

7o:i 

971 

1,106 

795 

1,495 

637 

3,280 

327 

228 

456 

281 

141 

250 

65 

7,016 

1,796 

67 

442 

667 

4,439 

615 

6:S9 

1,495 

1,873 

421 

999 

67 

251 

1,716 

41 

412 

2,324 

652 

1,499 

829 

1,985 

2,403 

662 

3ii6 

094 

42 

2,415 

498 

723 

8,599 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Iron  Mountain,  Mo.. 

Iron  Klver,  Mich 

Iron  Klver,  Mich 

Iron  Spring,  Ga 

Ironton,  Col 

Iroutou,  Mo 

Ironton,  N.C 

Ironton,  O 

Ironton,  Wis 

Iron  wood.  Mid 

Iron  wood,  Midi 

Iroquois,  111 

Iro<iUois,  III 

Iroquois,  Iiid 

Iroquois,  S.D 

Iroquois,  S.D 

Irvin,  I'a 

Irvine,  Ky 

Irving,  III 

Irving,  111 

Irving,  Kan 

Irving,  Kan 

Irving,  Mich 

Irving,  Minn 

Irving,  Oie 

Irving,  Wis 

Irvington,  III 

Irvington,  Ind 

Irvington,  Iowa 

Irvington,  N.Y 

Irwin,  Col 

Irwin,  Kan 

Irwin,  Pa , 

Irwinton,  Ga 

Isabel,  III 

Isabel,  Kan 

Isabella,  Mich , 

Isabella,  Wis 

Isanti,  Minn 

Isbell,  Ala 

Ischua,  N.Y 

Islia,  Alaska 

Islipemiiig,  Mich 

Ishpeming,  Mich 

Island,  Col  

Island,  Idaho 

Island,  Ky 

Island,  Neb 

Island,  Neb 

Island  City,  Ore 

Island  Creek,  Ky 

Islanil  Creek,  N.C 

Island  Creek,  0 

Island  Falls,  Me 

Island  Grove,  III 

Island  Grove,  Neb.  .. 
Island  Lake,  Minn... 

Isle  au  Haut,  Me 

Isle  la  Motte,  Vt, 

Isle  Piquante,  La 

Isle  Ituyal,  Mich 

Islesborough,  Me 

Isleta,  N.M 

Islip,  N.Y 

Israel,  0 

Italy,  N.Y 

Italy,  Tex 

Itasca,  Kan 

Itaska,  Tex 

Ithaca,  Mich 

Ithaca,  Mich 

Ithaca,  N.Y 

Ithaca,  N.Y 

Itliaca,  0 

Ithaca,  Wis 

Itkarapaga,  Alaska... 

luka,  111 

Inka,Ill 

luka,  Kan 

Inka,  Miss 

Ivanhoe,  Cal 

Ivanhoe,  Col , 

Ivanhoe,  Kan 

Ivanhoe,  Kan 

Ivanpah,  Cal 

Ivesdale,  III 

Ivy,  Ark 

Ivy,  Ga , 

Ivy,  Ga 

Ivy,  Kan 

Ivy,  N.C 

Ivy,  Va 

Ivy  Hill,  N.C 

Ivy  Log,  Ga 

Ixonia,  Wis , 

Jack  Creek,  Iowa 


Bank  of 
l>Iace, 


post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

niil.-dlft 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

lowuship 

post-ti'Wn 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

|>ost-vlll 

township 

post-vill 

IHist-twp 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

|io8t-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

|)08t.boro' 

niil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

p*)8t-prect 

post-town 

liamlet 

township 

city 

precinct 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

post  piect 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

ward 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

lx)Bt-town 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-vill 

post-twp 

hamlet 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

mil.  dist 

niil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 


Ooonty. 


Saint  Francois 

Iron- 

Ii-on 

Butts.. 

Ouray 

Iron 

Lincoln 

I,4iwreiice 

Sauk 

Gogebic 

Gogebic 

Iroquois. 

Iroquois 

Newton 

Kingsbury 

Kingsbury 

Venango 

Estill... 

Montgomery... 
M<mtgoniery... 

Brown 

Maishall 

Barry 

Kandiyohi 

Lane 

Jackson 

Washington.... 

Marion 

Kossuth 

Westchester.... 

Gunnison 

Comanche 

Westmoreland. 

Wilkinson 

Fulton 

Scott 

I^'abella 

Pierce 

Isanti 

Franklin 

Cattaraugus.... 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


1,243 


Marquette.. 
Marquette... 
Arapahoe.... 

Alturas 

McLean 

Nemaha 

Polk 

Union.. 

Owsley 

Duplin 

Jefferson 

Aroostook..., 
Sangamon..., 

Gage , 

Lyon 

Hancock 

Grand  Isle.., 

Iberia , 

Isle  Koyale.. 

Waldo 

Bernalillo.... 

Suff^jlk 

Preble 

Yates, 

Ellis 

Sherman 

Hill 

Gratiot , 

Gratiot 

Tompkins.... 
Tompkins.... 

Darke 

Richland 


Marlon 

Marion 

Pratt 

Tishomingo 

Los  Angeles 

Pitkin  

Finney 

Haskell 

}<an  Bernardino 

Champaign 

Franklin 

Johnson 

Washington 

Lyon 

Buncfmil)e 

Albemarle 

Haywood 

Union 

Jefferson 

Emmet 


1,045 


759 
1,888 
8,857 
1,310 


865 

"si's 


1,684 

1,«76 

1,504 

6.59 

967 


l,42:t 
426 
461 

898 


652 

679 

1,904 


1,444 

1,3:^4 

823 


1,170 
2.50 
760 


1,967 
6,0;59 


606 

107 

278 

735 

724 

2,118 

2,029 

236 

1,000 


177 
274 
604 

1,471 
55 

1,208 

6,4.53 
1,807 
1,444 


600 
11,198 
9,106 

128 
1,110 


1,311 
31.5 

1,039 
846 


235 

750 

7.55 

1,310 


1,709 

1,413 

664 

602 

1,597 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1880   AND   1890   COMPARED. 


>'ame  of  place  and 
state. 


Jack  Creek, N.C 

Jacks,  S.C 

Jacksborough,  Teiiii.... 
JaeksboroHgh,  Teiiu..., 

Jacksborough,  Tex 

Jacksborough,  Tex 

J«ck80ii,  Ala 

Jackson,  Ark 

Jackson,  Ark 

Jackson,  Ark 

Jackson,  Ark 

Jackson,  Ark 

Jackson,  Ark 

Jackson,  Ark 

Jackson,  Ark 

Jackson,  Ark 

Jackson,  Ark 

Jackson,  Ark...., 

Jackson,  Ark 

Jackson,  Ga 

Juckson,  tia 

Jackson,  Ga 

Jackson,  III 

Jackson,  III 

Jackson,  III 

Jackson,  III 

Jackson,  Tnd 

Jackson,  In<l 

Jackson,  Ind 

Jackson,  Ind 

Jackson,  Ind 

Jackson,  Ind 

Jackson,  Ind 

Jackson,  Ind 

Jackson,  Ind 

Jackson,  Ind 

Jackson,  Ind 

Jackson,  Ind 

Jackson,  Ind 

Jackson,  Ind 

Jackson,  Ind 

Jackson,  Ind 

Jackson,  Ind 

.lackson,  Ind 

Jackson,  Ind 

Jackson,  Ind 

Jackson,  Ind 

Jackson,  Ind 

Jackson,  Ind 

Jackson,  Ind 

Jackson,  Ind 

Jackson,  Ind 

Jackson,  Ind 

Jackson,  Ind 

Jackson,  Ind 

Jackson,  Ind 

Jackson,  Ind 

Jackson,  Ind 

Jackson,  Ind 

Jackson,  Ind 

Jackson,  Ind 

Jackson,  Ind 

Jackson,  Ind 

Jackson,  Ind 

Jackson,  Itid 

Jackrion,Ind 

Jackson,  Ind 

Jackson,  Ind 

Jackson,  Ind 

Jackson,  Ind 

Jackson,  Ind 

Jackson, lud 

Jackson,  Ind 

Jackson,  Iowa 

Jackson,  Iowa 

Jackson,  Iowa 

Jackson,  Iowa 

Jackson,  Iowa 

Jackson,  Iowa 

Jackson,  Iowa 

Jackson,  Iowa 

Jackson,  Iowa 

Jackson,  Iowa 

Jackson,  Iowa 

Jackson,  Iowa 

Jackson,  Iowa 

Jiickson,  Iowa 

Jackson,  luwa 

Jackson,  Iowa 

Jackson,  Iowa 

Jackson,  Iowa 

Jackson,  Iowa 

Jackson,  Iowa 

Jackson,  Iowa 

Jackson,  Iowa 

Jackson,  Iowa 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

civil-dlst 

post-vill 

precinct 

|>ost-viIl 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

towusliip 

township 

township 

townsliip 

mil  -dist 

post-vill 

inil.-dist 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Tancey , 

Laurens 

Campbell 

Campbell 

Jack 

Jack 

Clarke 

Boone 

Calhoun 

Crittenden 

Dallas 

Little  Kiver.... 

Monroe 

Nevada 

Newton 

Pope 

Sharp 

Union 

White 

Butts 

Butts 

I>auren8 , 

Eftingham 

Massac 

Pope 

Will 

Allen 

Bartholomew.. 

Blackford 

Boone 

Brown 

Carroll 


Clay 

Clinton 

Dearborn 

Decatur 

DeKalb 

Dubois 

Elkhart 

Fayette 

Fountain 

Greene 

Hamilton 

Hancock , 

Harrison 

Howard 

Huntington... 

Jackson 

Jay 

Kosciusko 

Madison 

Miami 

Morgan 

Newton 

Orange 

Owen 

Parke , 

Porter „... 

Putnam 

Randolpli 

Eiplev 

Knsh 

Shelby 

Spencer 

Starke 

Steuben 

Sullivan 

Tippecanoe  ... 
Washington... 

Wavne 

Weils 

White 

Adair 

Benton 

Boone 

Bremer 

Butler , 

Calhoun 

Clarke 

Crawford 

Des  Moines... 

Greene 

Gulhrie 

Hardin 

Harrison 

Henry , 

Jackson 

Jones 

Keokuk- 

Lee , 

Linn 

Lucas 

Madison 

Monroe 

Montgomery.. 


Population. 


903 
2,797 
1,398 

274 
1,741 

387 
1,012 

710 

688 
1,432 

979 
2,014 
l,ai8 

964 
1,320 


512 

1,235 

397 

1,193 

212 

270 

1,233 

1,486 

890 

1,399 

295 

776 

1,756 

2,919 

2,143 

1,449 

1, 

2,542 

1,545 

1,361 

1,811 

1,342 

1,085 

1,591 

982 

1,409 

2,516 

4,344 

1,928 

1,497 

1,018 

2,055 

6,.M9 

1,299 

1,028 

1,423 

1,864 

1,863 

795 

1,351 

728 

1,474 

1,029 

1,487 

1,380 

1,482 

858 

1,.570 

968 

1/9 

1,167 

1,984 

1,133 

828 

5,294 

1,496 

1,724 

679 

1,221 

1,161 

973 

746 

69' 

1,150 

591 

106 

720 

896 

920 

479 

1,064 

897 

914 

1,392 

13,602 

1,000 

1,985 

81!) 

1,068 

2,203 


1,026 

2,572 

1,462 

374 

2,253 

751 

l,l(i0 

717 

737 

2,914 

578 

2,542 

1,308 

956 

1,082 

747 

365 

1,664 

679 

2,316 

922 

1,194 

1,149 

1,288 

919 

1,180 

904 

661 

2,075 

2,834 

2,012 

1,646 

],&56 

2,443 

1,.551 

1,203 

1,662 

1,412 

1,297 

1,430 

841 

1,407 

2,186 

4,'J56 

1,759 

l,.Vi7 

1,370 

1,948 

6,502 

1,547 

1,4.35 

1,299 

2,313 

1,.'>86 

947 

1,372 

695 

1,.506 

1,(109 

1,376 

1,4:31 

1,218 

789 

1,313 

1,158 

225 

1,029 

2,689 

1,048 

766 

4,021 

1,731 

1,9.'>8 

872 

1,175 

1,04V 

824 

704 

692 

978 

655 

135 

695 

721 

813 

625 

795 

869 

825 

1,244 

15,511 

1,198 

2,675 

749 

934 

2.536 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Jackson,  Iowa. 
Jackson,  Iowa. 
Jackson,  Iowa. 
Jackson,  Iowa. 
Jackson,  Iowa. 
Jackson,  Iowa. 
Jackson,  Iowa. 
Jackson,  Iowa. 
Jackson,  Iowa. 
Jackson,  Iowa. 
Jackson,  Kan.. 
Jackson,  Kan., 
Jackson,  Kan.. 
Jackson,  Kan.. 
Jackson,  Kan.. 
Jackson,  Kan.. 
Jackson,  Kan,. 
Jackson,  Kan.. 
Jackson,  Kan.. 
Jackson,  Ky... 
Jackson,  La.... 
Jackson,  Me... 
Jackson,  Md... 
Jackson,  Mich. 
Jackson,  Minn 
Jackson,  Minn 
Jackson,  Miss.. 
Jackson,  Mo... 
Jackson,  Mo... 
Jackson,  Mo... 
Jackson,  Mo... 
Jackson,  Mo... 
Jackson,  Mo... 
Jackson,  Mo... 
Jackson,  Mo... 
Jackson,  Mo... 
Jackson,  Mo... 
Jackiion,  Mo... 
Jackson,  Mo... 
Jackson,  Mo... 
Jackson,  Mo... 
Jackson,  Mo... 
Jackson,  Mo... 
Jackson,  Mo... 
Jackson,  Mo... 
Jackson,  Mo... 
Jackson,  Mo... 
Jackson,  Mo... 
Jackson,  Mo... 
Jackson,  Mo... 
Jackson,  Mo... 
Jackson,  Mo... 
Jackson,  Mo... 
Jackson,  Mo... 
Jackson,  Mo... 
Jackson,  Mo... 
Jackson,  Mo... 
Jackson,  Mo... 
Jackson,  Mo... 
Jackson,  Mo... 
Jackson,  Mo... 
Jackson,  Mo... 
.lackson.  Neb.. 
Jackson,  Neh.. 
Jackson,  Neb.. 
Jackson,  Neb., 
Jackson,  N,H,, 
Jackson,  N.,I... 
Jackson,  N.Y.. 
Jackson,  N.C. 
Jackson,  N.C. 
Jackson,  N.C... 
Jackson,  N.C. 

Jackson,  0 

Jackson,  O 

.Jackson,  0 

Jackson,  0 

Jackson,  O 

Jackson,  0 

Jackson,  0 

Jackson,  0 

Jackson,  O 

Jackson,  O 

Jackson,  O 

Jackson,  0 

Jackson,  0 

Jackson,  O 

Jackson,  0 

Jackson,  0 

Jackson,  O 

Jackson,  0 

Jackson,  0 

Jackson,  0 

Jackson,  0 

Jackson,  O 

Jackson,  0 


Rank  of 

place. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townchip 

mag. -dist 

post-town 

post-town 

district 

city 

ptist-vill 

township 

city 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

lK)st-vill 

township 

township 

township 

towiiship 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

preci  net 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Poweshiek 

Sac 

Shelby 

Taylor 

Van  Buren 

Warren 

Washington 

Wayne 

Webster 

Winneshiek 

Anderson 

Edwards 

Geary 

Jewell 

Lyon 

McPherson 

Osborne 

Riley 

Suuiner 

Breathitt 

East  Feliciana.. 

Waldo 

Frederick 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Scott 

Hinds 

Andrew 

Buchanan 

Callaway 

Camden 

Cape  Girardeau 

Carter 

Clark 

Clinton 

Dallas 

Daviess 

Douglas 

Gentry 

Greene 

Grundy 

Jasper 

Johnson 

Linn 

Livingston 

Macon 

Maries 

Monroe 

Nodaway 

Osage 

Ozark 

Polk 

Putnam 

Kandolph 

Reynolds 

Saint  Clair 

Ste.  Genevieye.. 

Shannon 

Shelby 

Sullivan 

Texas 

Webster 

Dakota 

Hall 

Knox 

Loup... 

Carroll 

Ocean 

Washington 

Nash 

Northampton... 
Northampton... 

Union 

Allen 

Ashland 

Auglaize 

Brown 

Champaign 

Clermont... 

Coshocton 

Crawford 

Darke 

Franklin 

Guernsey 

Hancock 

Hardin 

Highland 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Knox 

Mahoning 

Monroe 

Montgomery..,, 

Muskingum 

Noble 

Paulding 


Population. 


2,081 

1,066 

800 

487 

1,833 

971 

943 

910 

509 

797 

626 

280 

558 

496 

1,531 

50C 

450 

1,054 

888 

1,271 

880 

682 

1,499 

16,105 

£01 

270 

5,2(14 

1,541 

900 

1,404 

1,004 

795 

747 

1,464 

1,093 

1,691 

1,,505 

249 

1,735 

1,725 

640 

1,416 

2,168 

1,740 

1,963 

767 

1,729 

4,898 

1,708 

984 

638 

1,746 

1,005 

975 

540 

776 

1,364 

332 

2,057 

2,043 

532 


464 
1,803 
1,.562 
1,290 

745 

2.'i5 
1,530 
1,893 
1,486 
1,991 

963 
1,901 
1,761 
1,969 
3,216 
2,860 
2,092 
1,140 
1,338 
2,176 

942 
1,869 
3,021 

806 

918 
1,382 
2,451 
1,500 
1,2R7 

974 

131 


2,087 

1,763 

l,(Ki9 

642 

1,923 

893 

760 

973 

636 

764 

8:53 

195 

302 

081 

1,845 

684 

449 

861 

709 

1,493 

1,276 

522 

1,390 

20,798 

720 

209 

6,920 

1,:H7 

656 

1,830 

1,124 

941 

636 

1,287 

986 

2,212 

1,668 

741 

2,169 

2,078 

019 

1,315 

2,100 

1,649 

1,904 

858 

1,992 

6,177 

1,901 

1,056 

992 

1,929 

1,035 

765 

590 

917 

1,186 

520 

1,929 

2,251 

868 

1,168 

308 

867 

616 

88 

579 

1,717 

1,278 

1,411 

1,318 

760 

2,202 

1,818 

1,276 

1,966 

918 

1,827 

1,418 

1,628 

3,248 

2,927 

1,898 

2,193 

1,168 

2,177 

9.53 

1,847 

4,:«0 

841 

9C6 

1,191 

2,472 

1,479 

1,216 

2,266 


orriES,  TOWNS,  and  other  minor  civil  divisions  of  the  united  states. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Kun«  of  place  and 


Jaekion,0 

JacluoD,  O M 

Jackaon,  O ...m.m^ 

JaekioD,0 

Jackson,  O ^.. 

JackaoD,  O » 

Jackton,  O 

Jackaun,  O 

Jacknon,  O 

Jackaun,  O 

Jwckaun,  O 

Jaekauii,  O 

Jackion,  O 

JaickaoD,  O 

Jackaon,  O 

Jackson,  Ore 

Jackion,  Pa 

Jackton,  Pa. 

Jackaon,  Pa. 

Jackaon,  Pa. 

Jackaon,  Pn 

Jackaon,  Pa. , 

Jarksun,  Pa. , 

Jackson,  Pa , 

Jacksuii,  Pa , 

Jacksun,  Pa. 

Jackaon,  Pa. 

Jackaon,  Pa 

Jackaon,  Pa , 

Jackson,  Pa. , 

Jackson,  Pa. 

Jnckaon,  Pa. 

Jackaon,  Pa 

Jackaon,  I^ , 

Jucksou,  S.D 

Jackaon,  S.D 

jHckaon,  Teun 

Jackson,  Va. 

Jackson,  Va 

Jackson,  Va. 

Jackson,  Wis. 

Jackson,  Wis 

Jacksonborough,  0 

Jnckson  Centre,  Pa 

Jackson  Hill,  N.(J 

Jiicksonport,  Ark 

Jacksonport,  Wis 

Jackson's  Gap,  Ala 

Jackson's  Oap,  Ala 

Jacksonviile,  Ala 

Jacksonville,  Ala 

Jacksonville,  Fla 

Jacksonville,  Ga 

Jacksonville,  Ga 

Jacksonville,  III 

Jacksonville,  III 

Jacksonville,  Iowa 

Jacksonville,  Mo 

Jacksonville,  N.C 

Jacksonville,  N.C 

Jacksonville,  0 

Jacksonville,  Ore 

Jacksonville,  Ore 

Jacksonville,  Pa 

Jacksonville,  Tex 

Jacksonville,  Va 

Jack  Springs,  Ala 

Jacobs,  Wis 

Jacob's  Fork,  K.C 

Jaffrey,  N.H 

Jamaica,  N.T 

Jamaica,  N.Y 

Jamaica,  Vt  

Jamaicii,  Va 

James,  Ark 

James,  Iowa 

Jame«,  Mich 

James.  Mo 

James'  Bayoa,  Mo 

James  City,  N.C 

James  Creek,  Ark 

James  Cross  Roads,  S.C, 

James  Island,  S.C 

Jameson,  Mo 

Jamesport,  Mo 

Jamesport,  Ho 

James  River,  Va 

James  RlverVary,N.D 

Jamestown,  Ala 

Jamestown,  Col 

Jamestown,  Col 

Jamestown,  6a. 

Jamestown,  Ind 

Jamestown,  Ind 

Jamestown,  Inwa 

jMnestown,  Kan 

132 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag..di8t 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

po8t-twp 

post  town 

l)Ost-lwp 

precinct 

jxwt-vill 

I)recinct 

post-vill 

city 

mil..dist 

mil  -djst 

precinct 

city 

township 

post-town 

township 

postvill 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

borongh 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

townHliip 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

rail  -<list 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 


Oountjr. 


Perry 

Pickaway 

Pike 

Preble 

Putnam 

Richland 

Sandusky 

Seneca.- 

Shelby  

Stark 

Union 

Van  Wert 

Vinton 

Wood , 

Wyandot , 

Polk..„ 

Butler. 

Cambria 

Columbia 

Dauphin 

Greene 

Huntingdon 

Lebanon  

liuzerne 

Lycoming 

Mercer 

Monroe 

Northumberl'd 

Perry 

Snyder 

Susquehanna.... 

Tioga 

Venango 

York 

Charles  Mix 

Sanborn 

Madison 

Amelia 

Louisa 

Rappahannock 

Adams 

Washington 

Butler 

Mercer 

Davidson 

Jackson 

Door 

Tallapoosa 

Tallapoosa 

Calhoun 

Calhoun 

Duval 

Marion 

Telfair 

Morgan 

Morgan 

Chickasaw 

Randolph 

Onslow 

Onslow 

Athens 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Indiana 

Cherokee 

Floyd 

Escambia 

Astilanil 

Catawba 

Cheshire 

Queens 

Queens 

Windham 

Middlesex 

Scott 

Pottawattamie 

Saginaw 

Stone 

Mississippi 

Craven 

Marion 

Florence 

Charleston 

Daviess 

Daviess 

Daviess 

Buckingham.... 

Dickey 

Conecuh 

Bimlder 

Boulder 

Chattahoochee.. 

Boone 

Steuben 

Howard 

Cloud 


Population. 


i,8<m 

l,:i:i9 
2,067 
1,381) 
1,047 

U77 
1,48.') 
l,a9U 
1,852 
2,07U 
1,4M 

8tNI 
1,288 
1,028 
1,:«1 

4.'..J 
1,267 
1,004 

67.-) 
1,101 
1,244 
1,063 
3,709 

661 

62(1 
1,111 

802 

9,5!l 
1,(KM 

7-J8 
1,093 
1,824 

78(1 
1,836 


5,377 
2,708 
3,878 
1,702 

482 
1,844 

108 


58;J 
656 

432 


2,033 

882 

7,650 

1,841 

1,004 

14,82<.» 

10,927 

1,183 

163 

1,845 

94 


1,463 
&i'J 
114 
349 

2,748 
276 


1,443 

1,267 

10,088 

3,922 

1,252 

1,786 

217 

6:)8 

672 

395 

068 

1,100 

273 

671 


405 
1,369 

608 
3,397 


605 


9,'>6 
696 
715 
540 
101 


1,718 

1,130 

1,962 

1,213 

1,2:S5 

822 

1,6<I0 

1,:)60 

1,794 

2,112 

1,388 

1,340 

1,145 

1,587 

1,111 

537 

1,154 

987 

738 

1,137 

1,226 

1.460 

3,830 

657 

619 

1,226 

741 

1,046 

956 

730 

94'> 

1,704 

843 

1,603 

737 

1:56 

io,o:j9 

2,411 

3,510 

1,488 

604 

1,680 

79 

2:52 

621 

421 

817 

995 

207 

2,420 

1,237 

17,201 

1,687 

742 

15,899 

12,935 

1,096 

166 

1,865 

170 

727 

1,203 

743 

83 

970 

2,736 

397 

1,277 

1,622 

1,469 

14,441 

6,361 

1,074 

1,948 

276 

788 

656 

350 

619 

1,2:57 

678 

5:54 

2,915 

429 

1,446 

790 

3,098 

3:58 

4.36 

629 

212 

644 

616 

691 

6.=i9 

372 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Jamestown,  Ky.... 
Jamestown,  Ky..., 
Jamestown,  Mich. 
Jamestown,  Minn 
Jamestown,  Mo.... 
Jalnestuwn,  Neb... 
Jamestown,  N.Y  .. 
Jamestown,  N.C... 
Jamestown,  N.D... 

Jamestown,  O 

Jamestown,  Pa.... 
Jamestown,  K.I... . 
Jamestown,  Tenn. 
Jamestown,  Va.... 
Jamestown,  Wis .. 
Jamesville,  N C... 
Jamesville,  N.C... 

Jamul,  Cal „.. 

Janelew,  W.  Va.... 
Janes  Creek,  Ark. 

Janesville,  III 

Janesville,  Kan.... 
Janesville,  Minn., 
■lanesville,  Minn... 
Janesville,  Wis.... 

Janesville,  Wis 

Jaqna,  Kan 

Jarales,  N.M 

Jarvls,  111 

Jasper,  Ala. 

Jasper,  Ala 

Jasper,  Ark 

Jasper,  Ark 

Jasper,  Fla. 

Jasper,  Ga , 

Jasper,  111 

Jasper,  Ind 

Ja.<iper,  Iowa 

Jasper,  Iowa. 

Jasper,  Midi 

Jasper,  Minn 

Jasper,  Mo 

Jasper,  Mo 

Jasper,  Mo 

Jasper,  Mo 

Jasper,  Mo 

Jasper,  Mo 

Jas|)er,  Mo , 

Jasper,  Mo 

Jasper,  N.Y , 

Jas|)er,  0 

Jasper,  Ore 

Jasper,  S.D 

Jasper,  Tenn 

Java.  N.Y 

Jay,  Me 

Jay,  Minn 

Jay,  N.Y , 

Jay,  Pa ., 

Jay,  Vt 

Jay  Bird.  Ala 

Jay  Guuld,  Mont... 

Jeanerette,  La 

Jeannettc,  Pa 

Jeddo,  Mo 

Jeddo,  Pa 

Jeddo,  Tex , 

JefTers,  Tenn 

Jefferson,  Ala 

Jefferson,  Ark 

Jeffersim,  Ark 

Jefferson,  Ark 

Jefferson,  Ark 

Jefferson,  Ark 

Jefferson,  Ark 

Jefferson,  Ark 

.lefferson.  Ark 

Jefferson,  Ark 

Jefferson,  Ark 

Jefferson,  Ark 

Jefferson,  Col , 

Jefferson,  Ga 

Jefferson,  Ga 

Jefferson,  111 

Jefferson,  III , 

Jefferson,  Ind 

Jefferson,  Ind , 

Jefferson,  Ind 

Jefferson,  Ind 

Jefferson,  Ind 

Jefferson,  Ind 

Jefferson,  Ind 

Jefferson,  Ind 

Jefferson,  Ind 

Jefferson,  Ind 

Jefferson,  Ind 


Ranker 
place. 


precinct 

|>08t-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-twp 

city 

post-Till 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

|iost-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

|X)st-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

iwst-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

post-boro' 

township 

post-boro' 

post-town 

civil  dist 

jiost-prect 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

mil. -dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Russell 

Russell 

Ottawa 

Blue  Earth 

Moniteau 

Chase 

Chautauqua 

Guilford 

Stutsman 

Greene 

Mercer 

Newport 

Fentress 

James  City 

Grant 

Martin 

Martin 

San  Diego 

Lewis 

Randolph 

Coles 

Greenwood 

Waseca 

Waseca 

Rock 

Rock 

Cheyenne 

Valencia 

Madison 

Walker 

Walker 

Crawford 

Crittenden 

Hamilton 

Pickens 

Wayne 

Dubois 

Adams 

Carroll 

Midland 

Pipe  Stone 

Camden 

Dallas 

Jasper 

Jas|)er 

O/ark 

Ralls 

Shannon 

Taney 

Steuben 

Fayette 

Lane 

Hanson 

Marion 

Wyoming 

Franklin 

Martin 

Essex 

Elk 

Orleann. ......... 

Marshall 

Lewis  &  Clarke 

Iberia 

Westmoreland.. 

Knox 

Luzerne 

Bastrop 

Scott 

Marengo 

Boone 

Callionn 

Desha 

Independence... 

Izard 

Jackson 

Jefferson 

Nowton 

Ouachita 

Saline 

Sevier 

Park 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Pope 

Stephenson 

Adams 

Allen 

Boone 

Carroll 

Cass 

Dubois 

Elkhart 

Grant 

Greene„ 

Henry 

Huntington 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


3,194 
121 

2,000 
60:5 
186 


9,:i57 

1,4:57 

39:1 

877 

974 

459 

86 

1,235 

1,215 

1,699 

299 


142 
684 


688 
752 

1,021 
900 

9,018 


1,942 


269 
1,6.54 
2,«52 
2,311 

14G 
1,14:! 
1,040 
1,024 

439 

602 


497 
902 
884 


953 

l,86(: 

177 

625 

1,8(m; 

2,072 


.Ml 

1,9.V5 

1,291 

217 

2,443 

600 

696 

616 


698 


624 
360 


416 
2,459 
987 
281 
725 
469 
465 
1,972 


363 
470 
336 
659 


1,484 

419 

0:52 

6.50 

68t 

1,682 

1,998 

1,118 

1,135 

1,262 

1,265 

1,521 

1,907 

1,298 

1,464 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Jefferson,  Ind... 
Jefferson,  Ind... 
Jeflerson,  Ind... 
Jefferson,  lud... 
Jefferson,  Ind... 
Jefferson,  Ind... 
Jefferson,  Ind..., 
Jefferson,  Ind... 
Jefferson,  Ind... 
Jefferson,  Ind..., 
Jefferson,  Ind.... 
Jefferson,  Ind... 
Jefferson,  Ind... 
Jefferson,  Ind... 
Jefferson,  Ind... 
Jefferson,  Ind... 
Jefferson,  Ind..., 
Jefferson,  Iowa. 
Jefferson,  Iowa. 
Jefferson,  Iowa. 
Jefferson,  Iowa. 
Jefferson,  Iowa. 
Jefferson,  Iowa. 
Jefferson,  Iowa. 
Jefferson,  Iowa. 
Jefferson,  Iowa. 
Jefferson,  Iowa. 
Jefferson,  Iowa. 
Jefferson,  Iowa. 
Jefferson,  Iowa. 
Jefferson,  Iowa. 
Jefferson,  Iowa. 
Jefferson,  Iowa. 
Jefferson,  Iowa. 
Jefferaon,  Iowa. 
Jefferson,  Iowa. 
Jeffei-son,  Iowa. 
Jefferson,  Iowa. 
Jefft-raon,  Iowa. 
Jefferson,  Iowa. 
Jefferson,  Iowa. 
Jefferson,  Kan... 
Jefferson,  Kan... 
Jefferson,  Kan... 
Jeffei-son,  Kan.., 
Jefferson,  Kan... 
Jefferson,  Kan... 
Jefferson,  Kan... 
Jefferson,  Kan... 
Jefferson,  Me.... 
Jefferson,  Md..., 
Jefferson,  Md.... 
Jefferson,  Mich. 
Jefferson,  Mich. 
Jefferson,  Minn. 
Jefferson,  Mo.... 
Jefferson,  Mo.... 
Jefferson,  Mo.... 

Jefferson,  Mo 

Jefferson,  Mo 

Jefferson,  Mo.... 
Jefferson,  Mo.... 

Jefferson,  Mo 

Jefferson,  Mo.... 

Jefferson,  Mo 

Jefferson,  Mo.... 
Jefferson,  Mo.... 
Jefferson,  Mo.... 

Jefferson,  Mo 

Jefferson,  Mo..., 
Jefferson,  Mo.... 

Jefferson,  Mo 

Jefferson,  Mo 

Jefferson,  Neb... 
Jefferson,  Neb... 
Jefferson,  Neb... 
Jefferson,  N.H... 
Jefferson,  N  .1... 
Jefferson,  N.Y... 
Jefferson,  N.C..., 
Jefferson,  N.C..., 
Jefferson,  N.C..., 

Jefferson,  0 

Jefferson,  0 

Jefferson,  0 

Jefferson,  0 , 

Jefferson,  0 

Jefferson,  0 

Jefferson,  0 

Jefferson,  0 

Jefferson,  0 

Jefferson,  0 , 

Jeffei-son,  0 

Jefferson,  0 

Jefferson,  0 

Jeffereon,  0 


Rank  of 
)>luce. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

district 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

IM)St-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

town.«hip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Jay 

Kosciusko.... 

Miiinii 

Morgan 

Newton 

Noble 

Owen , 

Pike 

Pulaski 

Putnam 

Sullivan 

Switzerland.. 

Tipton 

Washington.. 

Wavne 

Weils 

Whitley 

Adair 

.\llamakee..., 

Bremer 

Buchanan 

Butler 

Clayton 

Dubuque 

Fayette 

Greene 

Harrison 

Henry 

Johnson 

Lee 

Louisa 

Madison 

Mahaska 

Marshall 

Polk 

Poweshiek.... 

Ringgold 

Shelby 

Taylor 

Warren 

Wayne 

Chautauqua.. 

Cheyenne 

Dickinson 

Geary 

.Jackson 

Jefferson 

Rawlins 

Republic 

Lincoln 

Frederick 

Frederick 

Cass 

Hillsdale 

Houston 

Andrew 

Cedar 

Clark 

Cole 

Daviess 

Grundy 

Harrison 

Johnson 

Linn 

Maries 

Monroe 

Nodaway 

Osage 

Polk 

Saline. 

Scotland 

Shelby 

Wayne 

Douglas 

Jefferson 

Richardson.., 

Coos 

Morris , 

Schoharie 

Ashe , 

Ashe 

Guilford 

Adams , 

Ashtabula 

Ashtabula.... 

Brown 

Clinton... 

Coshocton 

Crawford 

Fayette 

Franklin 

Greene 

Guernsey 

Jackson 

Knox 

Logan 


1,757 

1,073 

1,610 

1,026 

1,964 

1,226 

1,909 

2,505 

304 

1,108 

1,797 

3,9a5 

2,246 

1,5.% 

2,007 

2,262 

1,.523 

844 

1,135 

795 

1,095 

774 

2,277 

1,.586 

1,131 

1,444 

1,697 

1,370 

789 

979 

678 

894 

996 

864 

1,092 

948 

8:J3 

3.51 

793 

1,120 

829 

1,068 


667 

898 

826 

1,639 


680 
1,590 
1,578 

274 
1,014 
2,(K)7 

483 
1,196 
1,109 

923 
7,831 
1,372 
1,189 

i,v.;o 

1,403 

2,040 

1,310 

2,416 

1,148 

1,562 

885 

1,542 

4,243 

1,548 

230 

32.') 

236 


951 
1,792 
1,636 
2,(«2 

196 
1,266 
3,444 
1,952 
1,<KI8 
1,300 
1,448 
1,143 
1,224 
2,625 
1,288 
1,643 

931 
2,443 

967 
1,672 


1,787 

1,159 

1,957 

1,024 

1,875 

1,179 

1,943 

2,474 

475 

1,029 

1,837 

3,491 

2,665 

1,448 

1,784 

2,476 

l,.'-.77 

768 

951 

740 

954 

642 

2,140 

1,491 

1,511 

1,875 

2,022 

1,410 

796 

894 

626 

804 

745 

1,007 

732 

916 

936 

993 

735 

1,036 

834 

1,662 

140 

793 

647 

1,1.30 

1,569 

211 

725 

1,.S91 

1,.536 

320 

894 

1,771 

357 

1,274 

1,580 

870 

9,234 

1,213 

1,089 

898 

1,270 

1,842 

1,407 

2,510 

1,.5.39 

1,662 

998 

1,503 

4,276 

1,634 

345 

801 

572 

702 

1,062 

1,611 

1,469 

1,676 

413 

1,288 

3,947 

2,184 

1,346 

1,048 

1,438 

1,261 

1,009 

3,092 

1,076 

1,529 

884 

1,793 

1,011 

1,469 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Jefferson,  0 

Jefferson,  0 

Jefferson,  0 

Jeffei-son,  O 

Jefferson,  0 

Jeffereon,  0 

Jefferson,  0 

Jefferson,  0 

Jefferson,  0 

Jeft'ersou,  0 

Jefferson,  0 

Jefferson,  Ore 

Jefferson,  Ore 

Jefferson,  Pa 

Jefferson,  Pa 

Jefferson,  Pa 

.leflerson.  Pa 

Jefferson,  Pa 

Jefferson,  Pa 

Jefferson,  Pa 

Jefferson,  Pa 

Jefferson,  Pa 

Jefferson,  Pa 

Jefferson,  Pa 

Jefferson,  Pa 

Jeffei-son,  SC 

Jeff.rson,  S  D 

Jefferson,  S.D 

Jefferson,  S.D 

Jefferson,  S.D 

Jeff.-rson,  Tex 

Jefferson,  "Vu 

Jefferson,  Va 

Jefferson,  Va 

Jeffei-son,  W.  Va 

Jefferson,  W.  Va 

Jefferson,  W.  Va 

Jefferson,  W.  Va 

Jefferson,  Wis.  

Jefferson,  Wis 

Jefferson,  Wis 

Jeflerson,  Wis 

Jefler.-jon,  Wis 

Jeflerson  City,  Mo 

Jefferson  City,  Mont... 
Jefferson  River,  Mont 

Jeffersontown,  Ky 

Jeffersonville,  Ga 

Jeffersonville,  111 , 

Jeffersonville,  Ind , 

Jeffersonville,  Ind 

Jeffersonville,  Ky 

Jeffersonville,  Va 

Jeffersonville,  Va 

Jeffreys,  S.C , 

Jellico,  Tenn 

Jellico,  Tenn 

Jellico  Creek,  Ky 

Jeuies,  N.M 

Jemez,  N.M 

Jenifer,  Ala 

Jenkins,  Ga 

Jenkins,  Iowa , 

Jenkins,  Ky 

Jenkins,  Pa 

Jenkintown,  Pa 

Jenks,  Pa 

Jenner,  Pa 

Jennerstown,  Pa 

Jennie  Creek,  Ky 

Jennings,  Fla 

Jennings,  Ind 

Jennings,  Ind 

Jennings,  Ind 

Jennings,  Ind 

Jennings,  Kan 

Jennings,  La 

Jennings,  Mich 

Jennings,  0 , 

Jennings,  0 

Jenny  Lind,  Cal 

Jericho,  Ky 

Jericho,  Vt 

Jerico,  Mo 

Jermyn,  Pa , 

Jernigan,  Ala , 

Jerome,  Ariz 

Jerome,  Kan , 

Jerome,  Mich 

Jerome,  0 

Jerome  Park,  Col 

Jeromesville,  0 

Jerry  City,  0 

Jerry  Flat,  Ore 

Jersey,  III 

Jersey,  0....... 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

township 

borough 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

I>ost-vill 

city 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

city 

jiost-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-prect 

mag  -dist 

township 

township 

post-vill 

civil-dist 

precinct 

post-prect 

village 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 


County. 


Madison 

Mercer 

Montgomery... 
Muskingum.... 

Noble 

Preble 

Richland 

Ross 

Scioto 

Tuscarawas , 

Williams , 

Marion , 

Marion 

Alleghany , 

Berks 

Butler 

Dauphin 

Fayette 

Greene 

Greene 

Lackawanna.... 

Mercer 

Somerset 

Washington 

York 

Chesterfield 

Mc&x)k 

Moody 

Union 

Union 

Marion 

Alexandria 

Culpeper 

Loudoun 

Kanawha. 

Lincoln 

Nicholas 

Pleasants 

Green 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Monroe 

Vernon 

Cole 

Jefferson 

Jeffei-son „ 

Jefferson 

Twiggs 

Wayne 

Clarke 

Clarke  

Montgomerj'.... 
Tazewell.... r..... 

Tazewell 

Florence 

Campbell 

Scott 

Whitley 

Bernalillo 

Bernalillo 

Talladega 

Wilkes 

Mitchell 


Luzerne 

Montgomery  ... 

Forest 

Somerset 

Somerset 

Johnson 

Hamilton 

Crawford 

Fayette 

Owen 

Scott 

Decatur 

Calcasieu 

Missaukee 

Putnam 

Van  Wert 

Calaveras 

Henry 

Chittenden 

Cedar 

Lackawanna.... 

Russell 

Yavapai 

Gove 

Midland 

Union 

Pitkin 

Ashland 

Wood 

Curry 

Jersey 

Licking 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


2,301 
2,406 
6,095 
1,2.30 
1,606 
2,244 
2,419 
1,060 

919 
1,2.58 
1,573 

569 


3,227 

1,072 

1,214 

369 

1,613 

957 

347 

790 

1,1-26 

807 

979 

320 

1,701 


90 
3,260 
1,319 
2,252 
3,239 
2,515 
764 
820 
1,173 
1,437 
3,788 
2,115 
1,087 
1,284 
5,271 


243 
1,100 

238 
1.3,177 
9,357 
1,461 
4,508 

60S 
2,527 


391 


2,202 
810 
219 

1,725 
106 


2,306 

2,364 

846 

684 

1,346 

946 


1,443 

1,236 


1,4.38 
1,687 


1,.'>41 
1,614 


339 
1,503 


314 

224 

213 

4,244 

1,348 

133 


1,957 

3,962 

7,001 

1,288 

1,297 

2,069 

2,312 

959 

1,008 

1,210 

1,398 

806 

307 

3,194 

909 

l,6f)0 

319 

1,656 

9-22 

327 

696 

982 

866 

825 

374 

2,340 

252 

260 

690 

229 

3,072 

1,303 

2,264 

3,307 

3,270 

999 

991 

1,544 

1,278 

4,0.'>3 

2,287 

1,315 

1,400 

6,742 

209 

55 

348 

1,041 

25B 

15,009 

10,666 

1,736 

5,H15 

604 

2,365 

758 

548 

1,493 

272 

4-28 

32:1 

1,090 

860 

1,903 

2,:<20 

1,609 

1,752 

1,699 

95 

855 

779 

2,224 

731 

499 

1,142 

406 

412 

480 

1,741 

1,374 

1,458 

1,432 

1,461 

486 

2,650 

1,589 

250 

3-20 

509 

1,485 

132 

301 

530 

232 

4,:)46 

1,206 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP  1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Nume  of  pfaMW  and 


3«ney,0 

Jertoy  City,  N.J 

Jerwy  Shore,  P»..... 

JeraeyvitK  III 

J«rusal«m,  Go. 

Jerusalem,  N.Y 

•leninilein,  N.C 

J«riiMlein,  0.. 

JenmUeio,  Vk. 

JmmiI,  NeU 

JewenUnil,  Slinn.. .. 

Jowup,  Pa 

Jwuit'a  Bend,  La 

J«*up,  Oa.. 

Jesup,  Iowa. 

Jetmore,  Kan» 

Jewell,  Qa 

Jewell,  Iowa 

Jewell,  Kan 

Jewott,  III 

Jewett,  N.Y 

Juwutt,  Tex 

J.  V.  Hiievca,  Tenii... 

Jim  lleur)'.  Mo 

Joacliin,  Mo 

Job,  Ky 

Job  Cabin,  N.C 

Jobo,  Mo 

Jocko,  Mont I 

Jo  Davioii,  Minn 

JohannUburg,  III ' 

John  Oreek,  Ky _..[ 

John  Day,  Ore ' 

John  Day,  Ore ' 

John  U.iy,  Ore.... 

John  Davis,  Ky 

John  Q.  Adiiins,  Ind....! 

John  Uiver,  N.O ' 

John's,  Iowa ■ 

Johnsburg.  N.Y ! 

John's  Croek,  Ky \ 

John's  Hill,  Ky | 

Johnsin,  Ala. \ 

Johnson,  .\rk ^,' 

Johnson,  Ark | 

Johnson,  Ark , 

Johnson,  Ark ' 

Johns>n,  .\rk ..{ 

Johns  >n.  Ark 

Johnsin,  III 

JoliiiHon,  III 

Johnson,  Ind 

Johnson,  Ind 

Johnson,  Ind I 

Johnson,  Ind 

Johnson,  Ind 

Johnson,  Ind 

Jolinson,  Ind. 

Johnson,  Ind 

Johnson,  lud 

Johii8«)n,  Iowa. 

Johnson,  Iowa 

Johnson,  Kan 

Johnson,  Kan 

Johnson,  Md 

Johnson,  Mo 

Johnson,  Mo 

Johnson,  Mo 

Johnson,  Mo 

Johnson,  Mo , 

Johns.in,  Mo ! 

Johnson,  Mo | 

John-ion,  Mo 

Johnson,  Neb 

Johnson,  0 1 

John-ion,  S.C 

Johnson,  Utah 

Johu.'ton,  Vt 

Johnson,  Va 

Johnson,  Wis 

Johnson  A  Malone,  Ua. 

Johnsonbnrg,  Pa 

Johnson  City,  Tenn 

Johnson  Kork,  Ky 

Johnson's  Bayou,  La.... 
Johnson's  Creek,  Wis... 
Johnson's  Grove,  Tenn. 

Jobnionville,  Minn 

Johnsonville,  N.C 

John's  Pass,  Fla. 

Johnston,  Ga 

Johnston,  0 

Johnston,  R.I 

Johnston,  S.C„ 

Johnston,  Va 

Jobuston,  Wis 

184 


lUnk  of 
lila«e. 


poat-vlll 

ilty 

|Ki«t-buro' 

city 

mil.-dlst 

township 

poft-twp 

|KMt-vill 

inag.-dlst 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post  vill 

mil  -dist 

post-tiiwii 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

civildiat 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

lK)st-twp 

township 

post-twp 

mug.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

township 

townsiiip 

townsliip 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

post-vill 

district 

township 

townsliip 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

city 

precinct 

post-ward 

l)ost-viIl 

civil-dist 

township 

township 

post-jtrect 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

poet-town 

mag.-dist 

township 


County. 


Licking 

Hudso 

Lycoming 

Jers<-y 

Pickens 

Yates 

Davie 

Monroe 

Soutlminptou... 

Shcridnn 

Sibley 

Susquehanna... 
Plaqneniines  ... 

Wayne 

Buchanan 

Hodgeman 

Hancock 

Hamilton 

JewplI 

Cumberland 

Greene 

Loon 

Obion 

Miller 

Jefferson 

McLean 

Wilkes 

Oregon 

Missoula 

Faribault 

Washington 

Floyd 

Clatsop 

Grant 

Grant 

Martin 

Warren 

Caldwell 

Appanoose 

Warren 

Johnson 

Campbell 

De  Kulb 

Clay 

Little  Kiver..... 

Logan „.. 

Saint  Francis... 

Sharp 

Union 

Christian 

Clark 

Brown 

Clinton 

Crawford 

Gibsim 

Knox 

La  Grange. 

La  Porte 

Ripley 

Scott 

Plymouth 

Webster 

Ness 

Stanton 

Garrett 

Carter 

Macon 

Maries 

Oregon 

Polk 

Uipley 

Scotland 

Washington.... 

Nemaha 

Champaign 

Williamsburg... 

Kane 

Lamoille 

Scott 

Marathon 

.lusper 

Elk 

Washington 

Majcoffin 

Cameron 

Jefferson 

Crockett 

Redwood 

Harnett 

Hillsborough..^ 

Putnam 

Trumliiill 

Providence 

Kdgefield 

Shenandoah 

Polk 


Pupulatiou. 


I88().   1890. 


128 

120,722 

1,411 

2,894 

914 
2,fl2a 
1,H7« 

i:» 
2,-:w 


97:} 
762 


662 
669 


1,018 


372 
138 

1,075 
227 
648 
901 

2,RiH 

1,8(17 
706 

1,0;J9 


372 


696 

75 
660 


638 
690 
964 

2,742 
710 
747 


1,30() 
540 


974 

.%50 
1,.')65 
1,084 
1,170 

920 
2,278 

923 
3,211 
1783 
1,564 

218 
2,495 
1,361 

390 

484 

170 


40:2 
616 
501 
1,304 
400 

1,-ns 

271 

1,230 

863 


2,479 
2,-397 
87 
1,495 
2,276 


990 


1,002 
591 
208 
744 
124 
686 

"ss't 

790 
6,70.') 

463 
2,392 


168 

163,003 

1,863 

3,207 

602 

2,U->7 

l,-'.77 

112 

3,142 

198 

871 

641 

243 

907 

673 

324 

980 

414 

702 

335 

970 

36:1 

1,014 

1,223 

6,208 

1,883 

&->o 

915 
932 
452 
990 
620 
104 

3;u 

211 

627 

792 

1,039 

887 

2,894 

947 

478 

65:i 

1,444 

809 

514 

1,2:}9 

383 

1,999 

983 

1,205 

1,065 

1,5S8 

1,143 

3,134 

1,907 

1,168 

212 

2,041 

1,127 

056 

frW 

247 

143 

676 

1,800 

478 

l,72.i 

494 

1,553 

320 

755 

968 

234 

2,572 

2,485 

63 

1,402 

2,762 

313 

814 

1,280 

4,1CI 

1,221 

307 

176 

72.5 

249 

722 

321 

662 

792 

9,778 

778 

2,401 

ItX) 


Kama  of  place  Mid 
•t«t«. 


Johnstown,  Mich 

Johnstown,  Neb 

Johnstown,  N.Y , 

Johnstown,  N.Y 

Johnstown,  N.D 

Johnstown,  0 

Johnstown,  Pa 

Johnstown,  Wis 

JohiiBVllle,  Fla 

Johnsville,  MU 

Jollet,  III 

Jolict,  III 

Jolict.  Neb 

Jollette,  N.D 

Jolla  Largo,  N.M 

Jonathan  Creek,  III 

Jonathan'^  Crock,  N.C. 

Jones,  Ala 

Jones,  Ark. 

Jones,  Iowa 

Jones,  N.D 

Jones,  Pa 

Jones  Bluff,  Ala 

Jonosboro,  Tex 

Jonesborough,  Ark 

Jonesborougli,  Ark 

Jonesborough,  Ga 

Jonesborougli,  Ga 

.lonesborougli,  III 

Jonesborouj-h,  Ind 

Joiiosborongh,  Me. 

Jonesborough,  N.C 

Jonesborough,  N.O 

Jonoslioronph,  Tenn.... 

Jonesbnrg,  Mo 

Jones's  Cove,  Tenn 

Jones  Creek,  Ga 

Jones  Creek,  Ga 

Jonesfleld.  Mich 

Jones'  Mills,  Ga 

Jonesport,  Me 

Jones  Stand,  Ky 

Jonestown,  Miss 

Jonestown,  Pa 

Joiiesville,  La 

Jouesville,  Mich 

Jonesviile,  S.C 

Jonesville,  S.C 

Jonesviile,  Vo. 

Joplin,  Mo_ 

Joplin,  Mo 

Jordan,  Ala 

Jordan,  III  

Jordan,  Ind 

Jordan,  Ind 

Jordan,  Iowa 

Jordan,  Ac,  Ky 

Jordan,  Midi 

Jordan,  Minn 

Jordan,  Minn 

Jordan,  Mo 

Jordan,  N.Y 

Jordan,  Pa 

Jordan,  Pa 

Jordan,  Pa 

Jordan,  Wis 

Jordan  River,  Miss 

Jordan  Valley,  Ore 

Joseph,  Ore 

Joseph,  Ore 

Jose(>h,  Utah 

Joshua,  III 

Jogie,  Ala 

Josserand,  Tex 

Joyfield,  Mich 

Juab,  Utah 

Juan  Tafoya,  N.M 

Jubilee,  III 

Judkins,  N.C 

Jndsoii,  Fla 

Judson,  Minn 

Judsonia,  Ark 

Jug,  Ua 

JugKernaut,  Ky 

Jng  Tavern,  Ga 

Julesburg,  Col 

Juliaetta,  Idaho 

Julian,  Cal 

Julien,  Iowa 

Jumping  Branch, W.Va 
Jumping  Branch, W.Va 

Jump  Off  Joe,  Ore 

Junction,  Col 

Junction,  Iowa 

.lunctioii,  Kan 

Junction,  Mont. 


lUnk  of 

place. 


township 

post-prect 
township 

pOKt-Vlll 

jiost-twp 

IKWt-Vili 

city 

IKWt-twp 

precinct 

district 

township 

city 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

(Kist-vill 

■nil. -dist 

post-vill 

IK)st-prect 

l)ost-lown 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

civil-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

city 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-vill 

townsliip 

post-vill 

townsh'p 

township 

township 

post-twp 

beat 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-twp 

townsliip 

IKJSt-prect 

post-twp 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

post-prect 

jiost-prect 

townsliip 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

poet-jirect 


County. 


Barry 

Brown 

Fulton 

Fulton 

Gi-aiid  Forks... 

Licking 

Cambria 

Rock 

Baker. 

Frederick 

Will 

Will 

Platte  

Pembina 

San  Miguel 

Monltiie 

Haywood 

Tuscaloosa 

Greene 

Union 

Foster 

Elk 

Sumter 

Coiyell , 

Criiighend 

Craighead 

Cliiylon 

Clayton 

Union 

Grant 

Washington.... 

Moore 

Moore 

Washington.... 

M(.nfgoniery.., 

Sevier 

Clinch 

Lnuipkin 

Saginaw 

Meriwether 

Washington.... 

Webster 

Coahoma 

Lebanon 

('atnlionta 

Hillsdale 

Union 

Union 

Lee 

Jasper 

Jtisper 

Cooi-a 

Whiteside 

.lasper 

Warren 

Monona 

Carroll 

Antrim 

Fillmore 

Scott 

Ripley 

Onondaga 

Clearfield 

Lycoming 

Northumberl'd 

Green 

Hancock 

Malhenr 

Wallowa 

Wallowa 

Sevier 

Fulton 

Pike 

Trinity 

Benzie 

Juab 

Valencia 

Peoria 

Warren 

Levy 

Blue  Earth 

White 

Upson 

Pulaski 

Walton 

Sedgwick 

Latah 

San  Diego 

Dubuque 

Mercer 

Summers 

Josephine 

Jefferson 

Greene 

Osage 

Yellowstone 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,109 


16,6-20 
6,013 


278 
8,:i«0 
1,217 
622 
1,727 
16,149 
11,657 


1,081 
861 

1,1:14 
231 

1,090 


1,427 
2,45» 


2,650 

3,427 

l,f)48 

2,009 

729 

655 

2,948 

372 

896 

445 

1,420 

2J3 


317 


1,563 

1,048 

147 

703 

90 

1,445 

2,i:i8 

201  i 

4,0<il 

6,:i22 

7,0:i8 

650 

1,208 

G69 

610 

387 

l,2.'i9 

323 

051 

915 

289 

1,.344 

685 

825 

973 

1.094 

'809 


.370 
l,l:i8 

715 


173 


872 
1,658 


651 

207 

1,595 


22,254 

729 

1,499 


1,587 
1,264 


1,068 

787 

10,959 

7,708 

316 

424 

21,806 

1,0:»4 

718 

1,729 

27,4.18 

23,264 

641 

412 

13:i 

1,118 

1,071 

807 

304 

785 

r6 

2,845 

2,554 

207 

6,016 

2,005 

3,151 

8('3 

2,091 

687 

0;i4 

1,433 

541 

937 

437 

1,000 

175 

154 

1,105 

428 

1,917 

1,-343 

286 

643 

172 

1,288 

2,601 

280 

4,7.51 

9,731 

9,943 

082 

1,078 

ail 

577 

025 

1,269 

440 

016 

1,233 

449 

1,271 

1,415 

891 

914 

1,101 

1,143 

803 

668 

249 

436 

1,088 

1,200 

461 

262 

205 

106 

786 

1,716 

8.34 

676 

475 

1,695 

1,860 

202 

202 

3.50 

481 

30,311 

999 

2,188 

628 

313 

2,181 

1,186 

86 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Junction,  Ore 

Junction,  Utah 

Junction,  Utah 

Junction  Bar,  Idaho.... 

Junction  City,  Cal 

Junction  City,  III 

Junction  City,  Kan 

Junction  City,  Ky 

Junction  City,  0 

Junction  City,  Ore 

Junction  City,  Tex 

Juneau,  Alaslia 

Juneau,  Wis 

Juno  Bug,  Ala 

Juniata,  Mich 

Juniata,  Neb 

Juniata,  Neb 

Juniata,  Pa 

Juniata,  Pa 

Juniata,  Pa 

Juniata,  Pa 

Juniper,  Ore 

Junius,  N.Y 

Jupiter,  Fla 

Jupiter,  Minn 

Jurupa,  Cal 

Kabletown,  W.  Va 

Kadiak,  Alaska 

Kaguiak,  Alaska 

Kahlukhtugliamute, 

Alaska 

Kahmute,  Alaska 

Kahoka,  Mo 

Kailwigamute,  Alaska 
Kakawaterka.  .\la8ka... 

Kakhonak,  Alaska 

Kakwaltoo,  Alaska 

Kukwok,  Alaska 

Kalama,  Wafh 

Kalamazoo,  Mich 

Kalamazoo,  Mich 

Kalamazoo,  Neb 

Kalanio,  Mich 

Kalhonehagniute,  Alas. 

Kaiida,  0 

Kalkaska,  Mich 

Kalkaska,  Mich 

Kalmar,  Minn 

Kalona,  Iowa 

Kaltknganmte,  Alaska 

Kalvcsta,  Kan 

Kama.s,  Utah 

Kampeska,  S.D 

Kampsville,  111 

Kanab,  Utah 

Kanab,  Utah 

Kanaganiute,  Alaska... 
Kanagamute,  Alaska... 

Kanakanak,  Alaska 

Kanaranzi,  Minn 

Kanarra,  Utah 

Kanatak,  Alaska 

Kanawha,  \V.  Va 

Kanawha,  W.  Va„ 

Kandiyohi,  Minn 

Kandota,  Minn 

Kane,  III 

Kane,  111 

Kane,  Iowa 

Kane,  Iowa 

Kane,  Pa 

Kane,  Utah 

Kancgmute,  Alaska 

Kanesville,  Utah 

Kaneville,  111 

Kansrlpy,  III 

Kanikhluk,  Alaska 

Kankakee,  III 

Kankakee,  III 

Kankakee,  Ind 

Kankakee,  Ind 

Kanopolis,  Kan 

Kanosli,  Utah 

Kansas,  Ala 

Kansas,  fia 

Kansas,  111 

Kansiis,  III 

Kansas,  111 

Kansas  Ciiy,  Kan 

Kansas  City,  Mo 

Kanulik,  Alaska 

Kanwaka,  Kan 

Kaolin,  Mo 

Kapioma,  Kan 

Karluk,  Alaska 

Karns  City,  Pa 


Bank  of 
place. 


precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-twp 

pust-vili 

city 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

|)Ost-town 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

village 

hamlet 

hamlet 

city 

village 

hamlet 

hamlet 

hamlet 

hamlet 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-twp 

hamlet 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

hamlet 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

hamlet 

hamlet 

hamlet 

post-twp 

precinct 

hamlet 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-l)oro' 

precinct 

hamlet 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-vill 

hamlet 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

city 

hamlet 

township 

post-twp 

township 

village 

post-boro' 


County. 


Malheur 

Box  Elder.... 

Pi  Ule 

Elmore 

Trinity , 

Gallatin 

Geary 

Boyle 

Perry 

Lane 

Kimblo 


Dodge 

Calhoun 

Tuscola 

Ailama 

Adams 

Bedford 

Blair 

Huntingdon 

Perry 

Umatilla 

Seneca 

Dade 

Kittson 

San  Bernardino 
Jefferson 


Cowlitz 

Kalamazoo. 
Kalamazoo  . 

Madison 

Eaton 


Putnam 

Kalkaska 

Kalkaska 

Olmsted 

Washington.. 


Garfield 

Summit 

Codington.. 
Calhoun.... 

Kane 

Kane 


Rock.., 
Iron ... 


Braxton 

Fayette 

Kandiyohi 

Todd 

Greene 

Greene 

Benton 

Pottawattamie 

McKean 

Pi  Ute 


Weber..., 

Kane 

La  Salle.. 


Kankakee... 
Kankakee... 

Jasper 

La  Porte 

Ellsworth... 

Millard 

Etowah 

Carroll  

Edgar 

Edgar 

Woodford... . 
Wyandotte . 
Jackson 


Douglas... 

Iron 

Atchison . 


Butler  . 


Population. 


2,684 
174 


1,007 


454 

956 

1,300 

1,440 

494 

1,437 

729 

438 

958 


1,366 


2,376 


129 
1,615 
11,937 


1,638 


404 
690 
406 
883 


79 
394 
394 


1,814 

2,076 
6">« 
244 


408 

872 

18,063 


5,782 

5,651 

288 

1,163 


656 
341 
602 

1,713 
723 
475 

3,200 
55,786 


919 

539 

1,305 


701 


83 
132 
125 
7 
403 
901 

4,.'j02 
648 
394 
870 
449 

1,253 
701 

1,164 

1,157 

1,231 
528 

1,401 
684 
403 
938 
336 

1,134 
107 
242 
216 

2,062 
495 
112 

29 

40 

1,425 

157 

70 

28 

77 

45 

325 

2,293 

17,8,53 

671 

1,691 

45 

444 

1,542 

1,161 

763 

211 

29 

103 

458 

425 

172 

633 

409 

35 

41 

63 

343 

282 

26 

2,468 

4,451 

807 

298 

1,765 

551 

945 

21,474 

2,944 

138 

53 

248 

833 

934 

73 

9,285 

9,1)25 

413 

1,16G 

272 

536 

727 

1,056 

1,983 

1,037 

458 

38,316 

132,716 

54 

904 

608 

1,123 

1,123 

427 


Name  of  place  aud 
state. 


Karthaus,  Pa 

Kashunahmute,  Alas.. 

Kaskanak,  Alaska 

Kaskaskia,  III 

Kaskaskia,  III 

Kasota,  Minn 

Kasota,  Minn 

Kassan,  Alaska 

Kassiachamnte,  Alaska 

Kassilof,  Alaska 

Kasson,  Mich 

Ka8son,Minn 

Katmai,  Alaska 

Katonah,  N.Y 

Kaufman,  Tex 

Kaukauna,  Wis  

Kaukauna,  Wis 

Kavalonah,  Alaska 

Kavanaugh,  Ky 

Kaviaghamute,  Alaska 

Kaw,  Kan 

Kaw,  Kan 

Kaw,  Mo 

Kaweah,  Cal 

Kawkawlin,  Mich 

Kaysville,  Utah 

Kaysville,  Utah 

Kearney,  Kan 

Kearney,  Mich 

Kearney,  Mo 

Kearney,  Mo 

Kearnej',  Neb 

Kearney,  Neb 

Kearney,  N.J 

Keatchie,  La 

Keating,  Pa 

Keating,  Pa 

Keaton,  Ark 

Keavyamute,  Alaska.... 

Kechi,  Kan 

Kedron,  Iowa 

Keedysville,  Md 

Keedysville,  Md 

Keeler,  Mich 

Keene,  III 

Keene,  Ky 

Keene,  Ky 

Keene,  Mich 

Keene,  Minn .... 

Keene,  N.H 

Keene,  N.Y 

Keene,  0 

Keener,  Ind 

Keeseville,  N.Y 

Keevil,  Ark 

Keg  Creek,  Iowa 

Keithsburg,  111 

Keithsburg,  111 

Kellerton,  Iowa 

Kelley,  Mo 

Kelley'g  Island,  0 

Kellis'  S^tore,  Miss 

Kellogg,  Idaho 

Kellogg,  Iowa 

Kellogg,  Iowa. 

Kellogg,  Minn 

Kellogg.  S.D 

Kelly,  111 

Kelly,  Ky 

Kelly,  Mo 

Kellv,  Mo 

Kelly,  N.M 

Kelly,  Pa 

Kelly  Creek,  Ala 

Kellyville,  Tex 

Kelsey,  Cal..  

Kelsey,  Ga 

Kelsey  ville,  Cal 

Keleo,  Ind 

Kelso,  Mian 

Kelso,  Mo 

Kelso,  Neb 

Kelso,  N.D 

Kelso,  Wash 

Kelt'.n,  Utah 

Kemp,  Ga 

Kemp,  Tex 

Kemper,  Ky 

Kempsville,  Va 

Kempton,  III 

Kempville,  Ala 

Kenai,  Alaska 

Kenansville,  N.C 

Kenansville,  N.C 

Kendall,  111 

Kendall,  Kan 


Bank  of 

place. 


post-twp 

village 

hamlet 

township 

post-jirect 

townshij) 

post-vill 

hamlet 

hamlet 

village 

post-lwp 

post-vill 

village 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

city 

hamlet 

precinct 

hamlet 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

city 

post-twp 

townshij) 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

hamlet 

post-twp 

township 

distiict 

post-town 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

]tost-vill 

township 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

jiost-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-beat 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

j)Ost-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twj) 

post-town 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

village 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 


County. 


Clearfield.. 


Fayette.... 
Itandolph., 
Le  Sueur.. 
Le  Sueur.. 


Leelanaw.. 
Dodge 


We-tchester. 

Kaufman 

Outagamie..., 
Outagamie.... 


Jackson., 


Jefferson , 

Wabaunsee,; 

.Tackson , 

Tulare 

Bay 

Davis 

Davis 

Kearney 

Antrim 

Clay 

Clay 

BufTalo , 

Buffalo 

Hudson 

l»e  Soto 

McKean 

Potter 

Arkansas 


Sedgwick 

Woodbury 

Washington 

Wa.-diiiigton 

Van  Buren 

Adams 

Jessamine 

Jessamine 

Ionia 

Clay 

Cheshire 

Essex 

Coshocton 

Jasper 

Essex 

Monroe 

Pottawattamie 

Mercer 

Mercer 

Ringgold 

Ripley 

Erie 

Kemper 

Shoshone 

Jasper 

Jasper 

Wabasha 

Beadle  

Warren 

Christian 

Carter 

Cooper 

Socorro 

Union 

Shelby 

Marion 

El  Dorado 

Monroe 

Lake 

Dearborn 

Sibley 

.Scott 

Howard 

Traill 

Cowlitz 

Box  Elder 

Houston 

Kaufman 

Laurel 

Princess  Anne., 

Ford 

Monroe 


r>uplin 

Duplin 

Kendall  .., 
Hamilton . 


Population. 


1880,      1890. 


916 
1,213 

1,071 
1 


489 
1,054 


490 

1,401 

834 


838 

594 

58,343 


1,118 
1,430 
1,187 


306 

2,667 

464 


1,7S2 
777 
.316 

2,974 
204 

1,016 


617 

373 
1,205 

389 
1,1.03 
1,378 
2,046 

458 
1,284 


6,784 
910 
839 
341 

2,181 


69i 
1,278 
942 
169 
496 
888 
2,585 


1,605 

•   772 

221 


1,136 


107 
1,631 


1,(141 
490 


1,875 
716 

1,101 
670 


183 
1,673 


372 

3,277 

114 


2,851 

376 

1,446 


1,368 

232 

60 

931 

862 

1,0:38 

655 

47 

80 

117 

558 

992 

132 

624 

1,282 

1,728 

4,667 

13 

1,173 

69 

785 

701 

132,716 

4,068 

1,249 

1,088 

548 

178 

437 

2,533 

588 

8,074 

8,074 

7,064 

326 

2,877 

382 

1,510 

97 

932 

927 

1,127 

420 

1,114 

1,280 

2,403 

600 

1,024 

199 

7,446 

1,238 

783 

492 

2,1(0 

339 

712 

1,747 

1,484 

277 

796 

1,160 

2,972 

324 

1,398 

700 

?a50 

131 

882 

709 

330 

1,932 

3.U 

1,108 

722 

279 

376 

683 

282 

1,441 

1,033 

1,118 

1,088 

243 

354 

77 

1,573 

335 

279 

3,193 

201 

1,109 

264 

2,350 

291 

1,322 

243 


135 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  TUE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Nam«  of  place  »Dd 
■(•to. 


Kendall,  Kan ptNt-rill 

K<-iKlall,  Khu„ township 

KvikIhII,  N.Y po»t-to»u 

Kviitlttll,  fa boruugh 

Kenilall,  \Vi«._....„ towusliip 

Krn<lall,  Wii |>o8t-vill 

Keu>lullvUle,  Ind city 

KunJrick,  Iowa township 

Kt-ndiirks,  Gh mil.dist 

Kfudiiskeag,  Me |KHit-town 

Keu<*Miw,  Neb. |K>iit  twp 

Kt-ugiigniuto,  Alaaka...  immlet 

K«-uka,  Neb precinct 

Kenly,  N.C iwst-towu 

Kennuchananagha- 

niiiie,  Alaska village 

KeunHn,  \yfii |)08t-iwp 

Ki-unebec,  lowii township 

Kennebec,  Neb precinct 

Kennebunk,  Me |x>8t-town 

Kennobunk|iort,  Ble. ...  post-town 

Kennedy,  Nut> ixist-prect 

Kennedy,  N.Y p<JBt-viU 

Kennedy  villp,  Md district 

Keunemer,  Alu precinct 

Kenuer,  La poiit-vill 

Kennrsaw,  Ga post-town 

Kenneth,  Kun township 

Kennett,  Mo post-vill 

Kennett,  Pu townsliip 

Kennett  Square,  Pa.....   post-boro' 

Kenney,  G» mil.-dist 

Keuuey,  III post-vill 

Kennison,  N.D township 

Kenockee,  Mich post-twp 

Keuoma,  Mo post-town 

Kenosha,  Wis city 

Kensett,  Ark post-twp 

Kenseit,  lowit pust-twp 

Kensington,  N.H post-town 

Kensington,  N.D township 

Kent,  Conn post-town 

Kent,  III INjst-twp 

Kent,  Ind. township 

Kent,  Md district 

Kent,  Neb post-prect 

Kent,  N.Y township 

Kent,  0 post-vill 

Kent,  S.D township 

Kent,  Wash post-vill 

Kent  Island,  Md district 

Kcntland,  Ind i>ost-town 

Kentmere,  Del post-town 

Kenton,  Del hundred 

Kenton,  Del post-vill 

Kenton,  O city 

Kenton,  Tenn civil-dist 

Kenton,  Tenn post-vill 

Kentontown,  Ky post-prect 

Kent  Prairie,  Wash precinct 

Kentucky,  Ark township 

Kentucky,  Ark township 

Kentucky,  Ark township 

Kentucky,  Kun township 

Kentucky,  W.  Va mag.-dist 

Kenwood,  Iowa village 

Kenyon,  Minn township 

Kenyon,  Minn post-vill 

Keokuk,  Iowa post-twp 

Keokuk,  Iowa township 

Keosuuqua,  Iowa. post-towu 

Keota,  Col precinct 

Keota,  Iowa post-town 

Keowee,  S.O post-twp 

Kerbyville,  Ore precinct 

Kerkhoven,  Minn post-twp 

Kernersville,  N.C township 

Kernersville,  N.C post-vill 

Kerr,  III township 

Kerr's  Creek,  Va niag.-dist 

Kerrtowu,  Pa. post-vill 

Kerrville,  Tex post  town 

Kerton,  111 township 

KertHonville,  Minn township 

Ke^sler,  Mont precinct 

Kester,  Col post-prect 

Ketclinni,  Idaho precinct 

Ketchum,  Idaho post-vill 

Ki-ttle  Creek,  Ky niiig.-dist 

Kettle  Kiver,  Minn post-twp 

Kewanee,  Ill._ township 

Kewanee,  III post-vill 

Kewunna,  Ind |io8t-town 

Kewaskum,  Wis township 

Kewaskuni,  Wig post-vill 

Kewaanee,  Wis..  [cit^ 

136 


Itank  of 
pUce. 


County. 


Hamilton  ~ 
Kearney .., 
Urleana ..... 
McKean..., 
Ijirayutte... 
Monroe...., 

Noble 

Greene 

Decatur..... 
Penobacut., 
Adama 


Wheeler... 
Johnston.. 


Price 

Monona 

Dawson 

York 

York 

Cherry 

Chautauqua.. 

Kent 

Marshall 

Jefferson 

Cobb 

Sheridan 

Dunklin 

Chester 

Chester 

Clarke 

De  Witt 

La  Moure ..... 
Saint  Clair.... 

Barton 

Kenosha 

White 

Worth 

Rockingham 

WaUh 

Litchfield.... 
Stephenson.. 

Warren 

Prince  George's 

Loup 

Putnam 

PorUge 

Kdniunds 

King 

Queen  Anne's. 

Newton 

New  Castle.... 

Kent 

Kent 

Hardin 

Obion 

Obion 

liobertson 

Snohomish 

Madison 

Saline _. 

White 

Jefferson 

Nicholas 

Linn 

Goodhue 

Goodhue 

Lee 

Wapello 

Van  Buren.... 

Weld 

Keokuk 

Oconee 

Josephine 

Swift 

Forsyth 

Forsyth 

Cbamp:<ign.... 
Rockbridge..., 

Crawford 

Kerr 

Fulton 

Polk 

Lewis  i&  Clarke 

Park  

Alturas 

Alturas 

Cumberland, 

Pine 

Henry 

Henry 

Fulton 

Washington. 
Washington. 
Kewaunee... 


PopulatloD. 


1880.      1800, 


1,803 

2,08U 

84U 

28-2 

2,373 

813 


C50 
738 


2,852 
2,405 


417 
3,191 
671 
970 
244 


171 
1,247 
1,021 


1,591 


6,039 
5IU 
66: 
614 


1,6-22 

1,214 

728 

1,5X3 


1,361 
3,309 


2,137 


2,817 
197 

3,940 

1,489 
298 

1,137 


665 
1,556 
1,199 


1,042 


12,117 
654 
883 


710 

1,848 

380 

440 

1,435 

585 

426 

2,651 


1,275 
161 

4,207 

2,704 
288 

1,436 
471 

1,050 


67 

186 

1,77,-^ 

1,937 

764 

304 

2,060 

770 

401 

636 

668 

64 

22» 

137 

181 
96 
637 
380 

3,172 

2,196 

91 

614 

3,008 
613 
963 
168 
379 
302 

1,185 

1,326 
661 
497 
107 

1,202 
92 

6,532 
639 
689 
647 

1,0-29 

1,383 

1,058 
629 

1,553 
288 

1,147 

.3,601 
164 
853 

2,230 
918 
392 

2,885 
241 

5,557 

1,528 
395 
922 
514 
936 
441 
730 

1,560 

1,360 
136 
796 
666 
14,101 
640 
831 
77 
777 

2,179 
460 
638 

1,889 
900 
366 

2,757 
577 

1,044 
634 
250 
291 
145 
465 
450 
? 1,200 
377 

6,988 

4,569 

647 

1,572 

657 

1,216 


Kame  of  place  and 
■tate. 


Keya  Paha,  Keb 

Kcyport,  N.J 

Keynburg,  Ky 

Keyser,  Ind 

Keyser,  N.C 

Keyser,  W.  Va 

Keystone,  Kan 

Keystone,  Minn 

Keystone,  Nel> 

Keystone  Park,  Fla 

Keysville,  Fla 

Keysville,  Kan 

Keytesville,  Mo 

Keytesville,  Mo 

Key  West,  Fla 

Key  West,  Kan 

Kezar,  Col 

Kiantone,  N.Y 

Kibbey,  Mont 

Kichikan,  Alaaka 

Kickapoo,  111 

KicUapoo,  Kan 

Kicknpoo,  Wig 

Kidder,  Mo 

Kidder,  JMo 

Kidder,  Pa 

Kidder,  S.D  

Kiddville,  Ky 

Kiel,  Wis 

Kiester,  Minn 

KikikhtHgmute,  Alas.. 
Kikiktowrik,  Alaska.. 

Kilborn,  S.D 

Kilbourn,  III 

Kilbourn  City,  Wis 

Kilbuck,  Pa 

Kildare,  Minn 

Kildare,  Tex 

Kildare,  Wis 

Kilfoil,  Neb 

Kilgoro,  Tex 

Kilkenny,  Minn 

Kilkenny,  Minn 

Kill  Buck,  0 

Kill  Creek,  Kan 

Killeen,  Tex 

Killgore,  Ark 

Killingly,  Conn 

Killiugworth,  ('onn 

Killisnoo,  Alaska 

Killude,  Ala.ska 

Kilmer,  Neb  — 

Kilough,  Ala 

Kilow,  Ga 

Kimball,  Mich 

Kimball,  Minn 

Kimball,  Neb 

Kimball,  Neb 

Kimball,  S.D 

Kimball,  S.D 

Kimberly,  Minn 

Kimbulton,  0 

Kimbrough,  Ala 

Kimbrough,  Ark 

Kimeo,  Kan 

Kimmetl,  Pa 

Kimmong,  Ala 

Kimmswick,  Mo 

Kinishpw,  Cal 

Kincaid,  111 

Kincaid,  Kan 

Kinder,  Mo 

Kinderhook,  Oa 

Kiiiderhook,  III 

Kinderhook,  Mich 

Kinderhook, N  Y 

Kinderhook,  N.Y 

Kinderhook,  Va 

Kinegnagamnte,  Alag.. 
Kinognagmiite,  Alaska 

King,  Ark 

King,  111 

King,  Iowa 

King,  Minn 

King,  Mo 

King,  Pa 

Kingaheo,  Alaska 

King  City,  Cal 

King  City,  Kan 

King  City,  Mo 

Kingdom,  Ala 

Kingery,  Kan 

Kingfield,  Me 

Kingfisher,  Okia 

Kingman,  .\riz 

Kingimtn,  Kan 


Rank  of 
place. 


precinct 

poet- town 

mag.-dist 

tuwoehlp 

poat-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

precinct 

(wst-prect 

post-prect 

townshi|> 

township 

|)08t-VilI 

city 

township 

poat-prect 

post-town 

post-prect 

hamlet 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-twp 

village 

hamlet 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

{lost-tovvn 

post-hmit 

hamlet 

post-prect 

preiJiict 

mil.-dirit 

post-twp 

townehip 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

hamlet 

hamlet 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

village 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

post  town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 


County. 


Key*  Paha 

Monmouth 

Logan 

De  Kalb 

Moore 

Mineral 

Scott 

Polk 

Dawson 

Hillsborough., 
HilUborough.. 

Pawnee 

Chariton 

Chariton» 

Monroe 

Coffey 

Gunnison 

Chautauqua... 
Cascade 


Peoria 

Leavenworth. 

Vernon 

Caldwell 

Caldwell 

Carbon 

Dtiy 

Clark 

Manitowoc.... 
Faribault 


Grant 

Mason 

Columbia....... 

Alleghany 

Swift 

Cass 

Juneau 

Custer 

Gregg 

Le  Sueur 

Le  Sueur 

Holmes 

Osborne 

Bell 

Clay 

Windham 

Middlesex 


Lincoln 

Montgomery 

Dawson 

Saint  Clair... 

Jackson 

Kimbiill 

Kimball 

Brule 

Brule 

Aitkin 

Guernsey 

Marion 

Lincoln 

Waxhitigtun. 

Bedford 

Coffee 

Jefferson 

Butte 

Jackson 

Anderson 

Cape  Girardeau 

Putnam 

Pike 

Branch 

Columbia 

Columbia 

Washington 


Johnson.^.... 

Christian 

Winnebago.. 

Polk 

Oregon 

Bedford , 


Population. 


1880.      1800, 


Monterey.... 
McPherson. 

Gentry 

Bibb 

Thomas 

Franklin 

Kingfisher.. 

Mohave 

Kingman.... 


1,176 
2,-258 


1,603 


3,337 

737 

9,890 

614 


613 


1,417 
2,772 
l,23:i 
1,119 

260 
1,2U7 


1,613 
303 
1-23 


845 

945 

1,432 

666 


657 


1,375 
379 


l,30:i 
6,921 

748 


2,305 
236 

1,429 
239 


1,455 
814 


973 
6.56 

l,5fM 
704 

4,200 


3,829 


1,032 


1,168 


467 

196 

1,636 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Kingman,  Kan 

Kingman,  Me 

Kingman,  Minn 

King  Prairie,  Mo 

King  River,  Arlc 

King  River,  Ark 

Kings,  Ala. 

Kings,  S.C 

Kings,  Tenn 

Kingshitrg,  Cal 

Kingsburg,  Neb 

King8bur3',  N.Y 

King's  Creek,  N.C 

King's  Ferry,  Fla 

Kingsland,  Ark 

Kingsley,  Iowa 

Kingsley,  Ore 

Kingsley,  Pa 

King's  Monntain,  N.C. 
King's  Mountain,  N.C. 
King's  Monntain,  S.C 

Kingston,  Ga 

Kingston,  Ga 

Kingston,  Ga 

Kingston,  Idaho 

Kingston,  111 

Kingston,  111 

Kingston,  Mass 

Kingston,  Mich 

Kingston,  Minn 

Kingston,  Mo 

Kingston,  Mo 

Kingston,  Mo 

Kingston,  N.H 

Kingston,  N.M 

Kingston,  N.M 

Kingston,  N.Y 

Kingston,  N.Y 

Kingston,  N.D 

Kingston,  0 

Kingston,  0 

Kingston,  Pa 

Kingston,  Pa 

Kingston,  Ti-x 

Kingston,  Wis 

Kingston,  Wis 

Kingstree,  S.C 

King's  Valley,  Ore 

Kingsville,  Ky 

Kingsville,  Mo 

Kingsville,  Mo 

Kingsville,  0 

Kingwood,  N.J 

Kingwood,  W,  Va 

Kiiiik,  Alaska 

Kinloss,  N.D 

Kinniundy,  111 

Kinmundy,  III 

Kinnickinnick,  Wis 

Kinslej',  Kan 

Kinsley,  Kan 

Kinsman,  III 

Kinsman,  0 

Kinston,  N.C 

Kinston,  N.C ..... 

Kintire,  Minn 

Kinn.yak,  Alaska 

Kinyon,  N.D 

Kinzua,  Pa 

Kiokee,  Ga 

Kiowa,  Col 

Kiowa,  Kan 

Kiowa,  Kan 

Kiowa,  Kan 

Kiowa,  Neb 

Kiowa,  Neb 

Kirby,  Ala 

Kirby,  N.C 

Kirby,  0 

Kirby,  S.C 

Kirby,  Vt 

Kirby  Mills,  Ala 

Kirkland,  III 

Kirkland,  Ind 

Kirkland,  N.Y 

Kirklin,  Ind 

Kirklin,  Ind 

Kirkmansville,  Ky 

Kirkniansville,  Ky 

Kirksville,  Ky 

Kirksville,  Mo 

Kirkville,  Iowa 

Kirkwood,  111 

Kirkwood,  Mo 

Kirkwood,  Neb 

Kirkwood,  N.Y 

10 


Rank  of 
place. 


city 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

civil-dist 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

postprect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

postprect 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post  tW|> 

post-prect 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

village 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

township 

|)ost-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

hamlet 

township 

post-twp 

mil  dist 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

city 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-towa 


County. 


Kingmnn 

I'enobscot 

Kenville 

Burry.... 

Carroll 

Mailison 

Dallas 

Williamsburg.. 

Trousdale 

Fresno 

Stanton 

Washington.... 

Caldwell 

Nassau 

Cleveland 

Plymouth 

Wasco 

Forest 

Cleveland 

Cleveland 

York 

Bartow 

Bartow 

Morgan 

Shosiione 

De  Kalb 

Pe  Kalb 

Plymouth 

Tuscola 

Meeker 

Caldwell 

Caldwell 

Washington.... 
Rockingham... 

Sierra 

Sierra 

Ulster 

Ulster 

Sargent 

Delaware 

Ross 

Luzerne 

Luzerne 

Hunt 

Green  Lake 

.luneau 

Williamsburg.. 

Benton 

Lincoln 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Ashtabula 

Hunterdon 

Preston 


Walsh 

Marion 

Marion 

St.  Croix.,. 
Edwards... 
Kd  wards... 
Grundy.... 
Trumbull. 

Lenoir 

Lenoir 

Redwood.. 


Cass 

Warren.... 

Columbia 

Arapahoe 

Barber 

Barber 

Kiowa 

Scotts  Bluff..... 

Thayer 

Marshall 

Northampton.. 

Wyandot 

Marion 

Caledonia 

Jackson 

De  Kalb......... 

Adams 

Oneida. 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Todd .... 

Todd ;..... 

Madison.. 

Adair 

Wapello 

Warren 

St.  Louis 

Rock 

Broome 


Population. 


646 

78 

1,317 

41(1 
1,270 

90:1 
2,842 

165 
88 

179 
4,614 

683 

187 


460 
2,069 

337 
2,674 
1,9(«: 

483 

481 


1,188 
1.S8 

l,r>24 
650 
806 

1,509 
470 

1,266 

1,080 


1,093 
18,344 


602 

442 

6,878 

1,418 


1,100 
174 
1,021 
1,094 
2,027 


1,041 

1,(196 
778 

1,032 
457 


1,224 

2,778 

1,216 

71 


413 

42 


387 

984 
2,722 

294 
1,678 

398 


793 
4,984 
1,713 

252 

1,195 

75 

2,368 

2,314 

280 
1,079 
1,280 


1,344 


2,390 

671 

132 

1,144 

828 

1,.'1C8 

1,473 

3,253 

78 

291 

573 

4,677 

961 

260 

464 

649 

397 

779 

2,327 

429 

3,451 

1,778 

559 

478 

158 

1,214 

295 

1,659 

1,110 

1,105 

1,386 

466 

1,123 

1,120 

816 

633 

651 

21,261 

311 

573 

751 

3,809 

2,381 

338 

816 

211 

639 

325 

414 

1,090 

317 

1,712 

1,424 

2,315 

160 

135 

1,7:« 

1,045 

614 

1,080 

771 

129 

1,:«1 

2,985 

1,726 

2•^3 

61 

310 

941 

1,5.58 

93 

993 

893 

70 

277 

474 

1,079 

2,924 

139 

1,812 

355 

707 

410 

1,094 

4,852 

2,219 

5.tO 

1,800 

103 

2,837 

3,510 

714 

949 

1,777 

4.i3 

1,119 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Kirkwood,  0 

Kirtland,  0 

Kirwin,  Kan 

Kirwin,  Kan 

Kiskiminitas,  Pa 

Kisslmmee  City,  Fia.... 
Kissimmee  City,  Fla. ... 

Kitchafoonee,  Ga 

Kitchen,  Ky 

Kite,  Ga 

Kittanning,  Pa 

Kittannirrg,  Pa 

Kitterv,  Me 

Kittrell,  N.C 

Kittrell,  N.C 

Kivichakh,  Alaska 

Klacking,  Mich 

Klakwan,  Alaska 

Klamath,  Cal 

Klanrath,  Cal 

Klamath  Lake,  Ore 

Klawock,  Alaska 

Kl  cbangamute,  Alaska 

Klickitat,  Wash 

Kline,  Pa. 

Klinquan,  Alaska 

Klukukhu,  Alaska 

Klutagmiite,  Alaska.... 

Knapp,  Wis 

Knapp,  Wis 

Knappa,  Ore 

Kniest,  Iowa 

Knife  Falls,  Minn 

Knight,  Ind 

Kni>;ht,  Wis 

Knight  Mill,  Ala 

Knight  Prairie,  III 

Knight's  Laniling,  Cal. 

Knightstown,  Ind 

Knightsville,  Ind 

Knight  Valley,  Cal 

Knob,  N.C 

Knob  Creek,  N.C 

Knobnoster,  Mo 

Knobview,  Mo 

Knottsville,  Ky 

Knottsville,  Ky 

Knottsville,  W.  Va 

Knowles,  Neb 

Knoulton,  N.J 

Knowlton.  Wis 

Knox,  Cal 

Knox,  III 

Knox,  Ind 

Knox,  Ind 

Knox,  Iowa. 

Knox,  Iowa 

Knox,  Me 

Knox,  N.Y 

Knox,  0 

Knox.O 

Knox,  0 

Knox,  0 

Knox,  0 

Knox,  Pa 

Knox,  Pa 

Knox,  Pa 

Knox  City,  Mo 

Knox  Hill,  Fla., 

Knoxville,  Ala 

Knoxville,  Ga 

Knoxville,  III 

Knoxville,  Iowa 

Knoxville,  Iowa 

Knoxville,  Mil 

Knoxville,  Miss 

Knoxville,  Mo 

Knoxville,  Mo 

Knoxville,  Ph 

Knoxville,  Pa 

Knoxville,  Tenn 

Knute,  Minn 

Koch,  Ky 

Kochlogtopagamute, 

Alaska 

Kochville,  Mich 

Koenig,  Ala 

Koeppell  Store,  Ala 

Koggiung,  Alaska 

Kohtokaket,  Alaska 

Kokomo,  Col 

Kokonio,  Ind 

Kolmakovsky,  Alaska.. 
Koosliarem,  Utah..., 

Koot,  Alaska 

Koot  River,  Alaska. 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

city 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-boro' 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

hamlet 

tow.nship 

village 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

hamlet 

precinct 

township 

hamlet 

hamlet 

hamlet 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

village 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

ix)8t-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

|iost-to»n 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-vill 

city 

township 

city 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

village 

borough 

post-boro' 

city 

township 

mag.-dist 

hamlet 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

village 

hamlet 

post-prect 

city 

hamlet 

post-prect 

village 

bamlet 


County. 


Belmont 

Lake 

Phillips 

Phillips 

Armstrong.. 

Osceola 

Osceola 

Marion 

Hopkins 

Johnson 

Annstrong. 
Armstroirg . 

York 

Vance , 

Vance ,, 


Ogemaw., 


Del  Norte.. 
Humboldt.. 
Klamath.... 


Lewis 

Schuylkill. 


Dunn 

Jackson 

Clatsop., , 

Carroll 

Carlton , 

Vanderburg 

Ashland , 

Elmore , 

Hamilton 

Yolo 

Henry 

Clay 

Sonoma..., 

Yadkin 

Cleveland.. , 

Johnson 

Crawford 

Daviess , 

Daviess 

Taylor ^..., 

Frontier 

Warren...... 

Marathon 

Napa , 

Knox.............. 

Jay 

Stiirke 

Clarke 

Pottawattamie 

Waldo , 

Albany y... 

Columbiana 

Guernsej' 

Holmes 

Jefferson 

Vinton 

Clarion , 

CleHrfield , 

JefTerson 

Knox 

Walton 

Greene 

Crawford 

Knox , 

Marion 

Marion , 

Frederick 

Franklin 

Bay 

Ray 

Alleghany 

Tioga 

Knox , 

Polk 

Kenton 


Saginaw 

Cullman  .... 
Tuscaloosa . 


Summit- 
Howard.. 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


2,028 

984 

1,421 

807 
1,098 


1,819 
4,308 
402 
1,081 
2,624 
3,230 
2,836 


191 
1,143 


1,536 


1,902 


532 


367 

1,670 

958 

230 

1,615 

759 

689 

693 

2,624 

157 


1,476 
379 
851 

2,579 
840 
310 
903 

2,344 
852 

1,694 

2,240 
964 

1,005 

2,011 
947 
767 
788 

1,011 
234 
552 
849 


1,600 

.5,728 

2,577 

265 


2,301 
88 
393 
459 

9,693 


1,930 


1,768 
227 


4,042 


137 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880   AIJD   1890  COMPARED. 


K*ai«  of  plkM  Mi4 


Kortriglit,  M.y 

lUtoltMko,  MiM. 

K)(Moi««ko,  MiM. 

K4wb,AI« - 

KMhiyin,  AlMka. 

KoahkonoRs,  Wia 

Kotae,  Tex ...... 

K««uth,  Me 

Xonuth,  Mils. 

KoMuth,  Wii 

Koater,  Alii. 

Kotlik,  Alaiik* 

Koiintxe,  Tex 

Koyltun,  Mich 

Koyiikuk,  Alaska..... 

Koier,  S.0 

Kotentviky,  Alaaka. 

KtHgeto,  llinii 

Kntgnea,  Minn. 

Krain,  Minn. 

KrakuH-,  Mich 

Kraiizbiirg,  S.I) 

KremnilinK,  Col 

Kronen  wetter,  Wis... 
Kuskohkagaiiiute,  Ala8 
Kustatan,  Aliuka... 

Kuttawa,  Ky 

Katztown,  Pa. 

Kwiclmmpingagamute, 

Alaska. 

Kwigamnte,  Alaska.... 
Kyktoltowtin,  Alaska. 

Kyle,  Tex 

Kyle  Spring,  Ala 

Kyniulga,  Ala. 

Labadieville,  La 

La  Biijada,  N.M 

La  Belle,  Mo 

La  Belle,  Mo. 

Labette,  Kan.. 

LaUsh,  Ore 

La  Caniaa,  Waah 

Lacey,  Kan , 

Lacey,  N.J 

Lack,  Pa 

Lackawanna,  Pa 

Lackawannock,  Pa. 

Lackawaxen,  Pa 

Laclede,  III 

Laclede,  Mo 

Lacon,  III 

Lacon,  III „ , 

Lacona,  Iowa 

Lacona,  N.Y 

La  Concepcion,  N.M.... 

Laconia,  lud 

Lacoiiia,  N.H 

La  Conner,  Wash 

La  Costa,  Fla 

Lac-qui-l>arle,  Mina..~ 

Ia  Crescent,  Minn 

La  Crosse,  Ark 

La  Crosse,  Ga. 

Jji  Croaae,  Kan 

La  Cro«se,  Kan 

Lm  Crowe,  Minn 

La  Crosse,  Wis 

LaCuesta,  N.M 

LaCueva,N.M 

Lacy,  Ala 

La  Cygne,  Kan 

Laddonia,  Mo 

Ladles  Spring,  Ky 

Ladiga,  Alx , 

Ladoga,  Ind , 

La«lonia,  Tex 

Ladora,  Iowa 

Ladore,  Col 

Ladore,  Kan , 

La  Due,  Mo 

Lady  Lake,  Fla. 

Laenna,  III 

Lafave,  Ark 

Lafayette,  Ala 

I^ayette,  Ala 

Lafayette,  Ark ^ 

Lafayette,  Ark 

Lafayette,  Ark 

Lafayette,  Ark 

Lafayette,  CI 

Lafayette,  Col 

Lafayette,  Ga„ 

Lafayette,  Ga. 

Lafayette,  III „.... 

Imfiiyette,  III 

138 


BanktiT 
place. 


tmmlet 

Ct-tuwn 
t 
poat-vlll 
poat-preot 
hamlet 
pust-twp 
poat-tuwn 
poat-twp 
{mat-town 
township 
precinct 
liamlct 
post-vill 
tuwimhip 
village 
township 
village 
titwnship 
poet-twp 
townsliip 
township 
post-twi) 
post-prect 
township 
villa  go 
hamlet 
post-town 
post-boro' 

hamlet 

hamlet 

hamlet 

post-town 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-Till 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

I>o8l-twp 

precinct 

poat-town 

townsliip 

township 

postt«-j) 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

post-town 

post- town 

preci  net 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

niil.-dlst 

townsliip 

post-vill 

township 

city 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

city 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

post-town 

poat-town 

|iost-town 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-lown 

post-prect 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

precinct 

jioet-viU 

niil.-diBt 

post-vill 

township 

township 


Onanty. 


Delaware... 

Attala. 

Attala 

Jackson 


JolTervon 

Ltmeetune 

Washington.. 

Alcorn 

Manitowoc.... 
Mobile 


Hardin... 
Tuscola... 


Colleton.. 


Chippowa„.... 

Clay 

Stearns 

Pres<]ue  Isle.. 

Codiitgton 

Grand 

Marathon 


Lyon.. 
Berks.. 


Hays 

Jackson 

Talladega 

Assumption.-... 

Santa  Fe 

Lewis 

Lewis 

Labette. 

Marion 

Clarke 

Thomas 

Ocean 

Juniata 

Lackawanna..., 

Mercer. 

Pike 

Fayette 

Linn 

Marshall 

Mai^hall 

Warren 

Oswego 

San  Miguel 

Harrison.. 

Belknap 

Skagit 

Lee 

Lac-<jui-Parle... 

Houston 

Izard 

Schley 

Rush 

Rush 

Jackson 

La  Crosse 

San  Miguel...... 

Mora 

Sumter 

Linn 

Auilrain 

Lyon 

Calhoun 

Montgomery.... 

Fannin 

Iowa 

Routt 

Neosho 

Henry 

Lake 

Logan 

Scott 

Chambers 

Clianibers 

Crawford 

Lonoke , 

Ouachita 

Scott 

Boulder 

Boulder., , 

Walker , 

Walker............ 

Coles 

Ogle. 


Fi>palalt«D. 


1880.      1890. 


1,78« 


3,406 

476 

122 

132 

2,168 

1,392 


919 
'i*490 
""379 


214 
242 


294 

1,178 


1,724 
216 


1,746 
340 
626 
415 


814 
1,439 
6,821 
1,092 
1,588 
1,209 

694 
2,214 
1,814 

282 

378 


112 
3,790 


460 

844 

1,412 

1,415 

531 


373 
14,505 


1,558 
836 


1,193 
809 
928 
223 
211 


1,055 
140 


1,090 

454 

2,712 

1,061 

1,614 

182 

1,181 

971 


1,249 

207 

1,162 


41 

1,688 

4,968 

1,394 

943 

46 

8,782 

647 

68 

166 

1,973 

1»195 

31 

295 

1,069 

174 

l,68;i 

131 

880 

249 

734 

385 

465 

49 

264 

115 

45 

587 

1,595 

25 
43 
2'i 
779 
703 

1,701 

408 

99 

2,201 
702 
773 
485 
417 
185 
711 

1,221 

8,061 
937 

1,.'J47 

1,451 
688 

2,035 

1,649 
301 
3:53 
217 
133 

6,143 

398 

3 

497 

793 

l,tl91 

1,442 
727 
513 
464 
25,090 
462 
483 

1,.S69 

1,136 
52'» 

1,544 
631 
857 
765 
224 
64 

1,045 
235 
487 
964 
589 

3,047 

1,369 
952 
744 

1,552 
554 
521 
410 

1,685 
3n 

1,276 


Mame  of  place  and 
•tate. 


Laftiyette,  HI 

I.iifHyetle,  lud 

Liilayette,  Ind 

Lafayette,  Ind 

Lafayette,  Ind 

Lafayette,  Ind 

Lafayette,  Iowa 

Lafayette,  Iowa 

Lafayette,  Iowa 

Lafayette,  Iowa 

Lafayette,  Kan 

Lafayette,  Kan 

Lafayette,  Ky 

Lafayette,  Ky 

Lafayette,  Ky 

Lafayette,  \a 

Lafayette,  Mich 

Lafayette,  Minn 

Lafayette,  Mo 

Lafayette,  Ni-b 

Lafayette,  N  J 

Lafayette,  N.Y 

Lafayette,  0 

Lafayette,  0 

Lafayette,  Ore 

Lafayette,  Ore 

Lafayette,  P;i 

Lafayette,  Tenn 

Lafayette,  W.  Va 

Lafayette,  Wis. 

Lafayette,  Wis 

Lafayette,  Wis 

Lafferty.  Ark 

Laflin,  Pa 

Lagarto,  Tex 

Lagoon  (1),  AlasUa 

Lagoon  (2),  Alaska 

La  Grand,  Minn 

La  Grande,  Oie 

La  Giiinde,  Ore 

La  Grange,  Ark 

La  Grange,  Ark 

La  Grange,  Col 

La  Grange,  Ga.. 

La  Grange,  Ga 

La  Grange,  111 

La  Grange,  111 

La  Grange,  Ind 

La  Grange,  Iowa 

La  Grange,  Ky 

La  Grange,  Ky 

La  Grange,  Me 

La  Grange,  Mich 

La  Grange,  Mo 

La  Grange,  N.Y 

La  Grange,  N.C 

La  Gimige,  0 

La  Grange,  0 

La  Granjie,  Tenn 

La  Grange,  Tex 

La  Grange,  Wis 

La  Grange,  Wis 

La  Grange  Iron  Works, 

Tenn 

La  Gro,  Ind 

La  Gro,  Ind 

Lagrup,  Ark 

Laguna  Proper,  N.M... 
Lagnna  Pueblo,  N.M... 

La  Harpe,  Hi.. 

La  Harpe,  III 

Laing,  Kan 

Laingsbiirg,  Mich 

Laird,  Col 

Laird,  Mich 

Laird,  Neb 

Laird,  Neb 

La  Isle,  Col 

La  Jara,  C<1 

LaJoya,  N.M 

La  Junta,  Col 

La  Junta,  N.M 

Lake,  Ark 

Lake,  Ark 

Lake,  Ark 

Lake,  Cal 

Lake,  Cal 

Lake,  III 

Lake,  Ind 

Lake,  Ind 

Lake,  Ind 

Lake,  Towa 

I..ake,  Iowa 

Lake,  luwa 

Lake,  Iowa 

Lake,  Iowa 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

niag.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-twp 

l)ost-town 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

mag  -diet 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

post-town 

hamlet 

hamlet 

township 

precinct 

city 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

niil.-dist 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

city 

township 

post-tiiwn 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

city 

township 

post-twp 

civil-dist 

township 

post-vill 

townsliip 

p«>8t-vill 

village 

township 

city 

townsliip 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

townsliip 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Stark 

Allen 

Floyd 

Madison 

Owen 

Tinpe  canoe... 
Allamakee  ... 

Bremer 

Keokuk 

Story 

Chautanqua.. 

Stevens 

Christian 

Christian 

Metcalfe 

Lafayette 

Gratiot 

Nicollet 

Clinton 

Nemaha„ 

Sussex 

Onondaga 

Coshocton 

Medina 

Yam  Hill 

Yam  Hill 

SIcKean 

Macon 

Pleasants 

Chippewa 

Monroe 

Walworth 

I/ard 

Luzerne 

Live  Oak 


Douglas 

Union 

Union 

Lalayiette... 

Lee 

Weld 

Troup 

Tronp 

Bond 

Cook 

La  Grange. 
Harrison.... 
Oldham  .... 

Oldham 

Penobscot. . 

Cass 

Lewis 

Dutchess.... 

IjeiKilr 

Lorain , 

Lorain 

Fayette 

Fayette 

Monroe 

Walworth... 


Stewart.. 

Wabash 

Waliash 

Arkansas 

Valencia 

Valencia 

Hancock 

Hancock 

Rawlins 

Shiawassee... 

Yuma 

Houghton 

Frontiar 

Phelps 

Conejos 

Conejos 

Socorro 

Otero 

San  Miguel... 

Greene 

Nevada 

Phillips 

San  Diego..  .. 

Siskiyou , 

Clinton 

Allen..  

Kosciusko 

Newton 

Cerro  Gordo.. 

Clay 

Humboldt 

Monona 

Muscatine 


Population. 
1880.      1890. 


265 
1,42.') 
l.fitR) 
1,626 

955 
14,8Wl 
1,161 

7.'>0 
1,986 
1,145 

817 


2,566 

970 

2,547 


1,(K)5 

»(,M 

1,645 

l,(l7i 

781 

2,16(1 

1,018 

1,105 

863 

390 

1,260 


83ti 
1,903 

402 
1,028 

507 


2,960 
153 


4,135 
2,295 


531 

1,307 

530 

2,060 

490 

721 

2,032 

1,,33(: 

1,745 

522 

1,429 

511 

277 

1,325 

839 

921 

1,107 

4,248 
600 
900 


1,899 
958 


967 
1,607 


681 

1,3.38 

1,382 

593 

599 


101 
3:52 
703 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


OENStrS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Lake 

Lake. 

Lake 

Lake, 

Lake, 

Lake, 

Iiake 

Lake 

Lake 

Lake, 

Lake, 

Lake, 

Luke 

Lake 

Lake, 

Lake, 

Lake 

Lake, 

Lake, 

Lake, 

Lake, 

Liilie 

Lake, 

Lake 

Lake 

Lake, 

Lake, 

Lake, 

Lake, 

Lake 

Lake, 

Lake, 

Lake, 

Lake 

Lake 

Lak 

Lake, 

Lake 

Lak 

Lake 

Lake, 


,  Iowa... 

,  Iowa 

,  Kan 

,Kan 

,  Kan 

,  Mich 

,  Mich 

,  Mich 

,  Mich 

,  Mich 

!,  Mid 

,  Minn 

,  Mo 

,  Mo 

,  Neb 

,  Neb 

,  Neb 

,  Neb 

,  N.D 

,  N.D 

,  N.D 

,0 

,0 

,0 

,0 

,  Ore 

,  Pa 

,  Pa 

,  Pa 

,SC 

,S.D 

,  S.D 

,S.D 

,S.D 

,S.D 

,S.D 

,  Wash 

,  Wash 

,  Wiish 

,  Wis 

,  Wis 

Lake  Andrew,  Minn.... 

Lake  IJasiri,  Mont 

Lake  Bay,  Alaska 

Lake  Hay,  Wasli 

Lake  Delt,  Minn  

Lake  Benton,  Minn 

Lake  Benton,  Minn 

Lake  Butler,  Fla 

Lake  Bynn,  S.D 

Lake  Charles,  La 

Lake  Charles,  La.. 

Lake  City,  Ark 

Lake  City,  Cat 

LakeCitv,  Col 

Lake  City,  Fla 

take  City,  III 

Lake  City,  Iowa 

Lake  City,  Kan 

Lake  City,  Mich 

LakeCitv,  Minn 

Lake  Cre-k,  III 

Lake  Creek,  Iowa 

Lake  Creek,  Mo 

Lake  Creek,  N.C 

Lake  Creek,  Ore 

Lake  Crystal,  Minn 

Lake  Elizabeth,  Minn.. 

Lake  Eunice,  Minn 

Lakefield,  Mich 

Lakefield,  Mich 

Lakefield,  Minn 

Lake  Forest,  III 

Lake  Fork,  HI 

Lake  Fremont,  Minn... 

Lake  Geneva,  Wis 

Lake  George,  Minn 

Lake  George,  S.D 

Lake  Gulch,  Col 

Lake  Ilanska,  Minn 

Lake  Hendricks,  S.D... 

Lake  Henry,  Minn 

Lake  Ida,  Minn 

Lake  Johanna,  Minn... 

Lakeland,  Fla 

Lakeland,  Minn 

Lakeland,  Minn 

Lakeland,  Neb 

Lake  Landing,  N.C 

Lake  Lillian,  Minn 

Lake  Marshall,  Minn... 

Lake  Mary,  Minn 

Lake  Milligan,  III 

Lake  Mills,  Iowa 

Lake  Mills,  Wis 

l*ke  Mills,  Wl 


Bank  of 
I'lace. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

village 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

town.ihip 

township 

(tost-twp 

township 

precinct 

posttwp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

posttwp 

precinct 

hamlet 

post-prcct 

post-twp 

township 

post- V  ill 

post-prect 

township 

ward 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

|>08t-Vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

city 

post-prect 

township 

township 

towniliip 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

city 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

pcst-town 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

|K)st-town 

township 

poBt-vill 


County. 


Pocahontas , 

Wright 

Harper , 

Harvey 

Scott 

Benzie 

Berrien .., 

Huron 

Lake 

Mecosta 

Missaukee 

Wabasha 

Buchanan 

Vernon 

Boxbutte 

Hall 

Holt 

Phelps 

Cass 

Nelson 

Ramsey 

Ashland..... 

Logan 

Stark 

Wood 

Coos 

Luzome 

Mercer 

Wayne 

Williamsburg.., 

Clark 

Codington 

McPhorson 

Roberts 

Spink 

Sully 

Asotin 

Snohomish 

Whatcom 

Milwaukee 

Price 

Kandiyohi 

Yellowstone 


Pierce 

Martin 

Lincoln 

Lincoln 

Bradford 

Beadle 

Calcasieu 

Calcasieu 

Craighead 

Modoc 

Hinsdale 

Columbia 

Moultrie 

Calhonn 

Barber 

Missankee. ... 

Wabiisha 

Williamson... 

Calhoun 

Pettis 

Bladen 

Lane 

Bine  Earth... 
Kandiyohi.... 

Becker 

Luce 

Saginaw 

Jackson 

Lake 

Logan 

Martin 

Walworth 

Steams 

Charles  Mix.. 

Douglas 

Brown 

Brookings 

Stearns 

Norman 

Pope 

Polk 

Washington.. 
Washington.. 

Brown 

Hyde 

Kandiyohi.... 

Lyon 

Douglas 

Alexander.... 
Winnebago... 

.Tefferson 

JeffenoD 


Population. 


121 
144 
260 
375 


42 
1,247 

27.'i 
90 


445 
316 
592 


886 

4,640 

2,177 

2,207 

69 

863 

638 

1,234 

1,272 


5,430 
"436 


1!0 

369 

184 

1,511 


2,821 


949 
'i,379 


249 

604 

61 

2,590 

2,233 

208 

555 

853 


483 

260 
250 


193 


877 
431 
165 
1,969 
185 


346 
125 
253 


732 
303 


3,043 
283 
2&i 
3:il 
60 
414 

1,.568 
671 


490 
376 
502 
476 
122 
170 

1,618 
3;J3 
59 
391 
636 
393 
212 
815 

1,566 
424 
2.38 
670 
89 
82 

1,083 
852 

4,921 

2,164 

2,131 
221 

1,144 
885 

1,1  S9 

1,.VJ5 
281 
123 
845 
410 
207 
61 
134 
126 
82 

4,899 
409 
509 
139 
31 
124 
388 
2:<6 
613 

1,678 
152 

5,771 

3,442 
656 
972 
607 

2,020 
115 

1,160 
189 
663 

2,128 

2,272 
488 
525 
770 
80 
824 
473 
479 
159 
.543 
275 

1,203 
438 
343 

2,297 
4.57 
221 
149 
742 
348 
548 
371  1 
358  I 
552  I 
880  I 
623  I 
159 

3,434 
677  I 
233  I 
506  I 
367 
604 

2,107 

1,063 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Lake  Odessa,  Mich 

Lake  Park,  Minn 

Lake  Park,  Minn 

Lake  Peigneur,  La 

Lake  Pleasant,  Minn... 

Lake  Pleasjint,  N.Y 

Lake  Point,  Utah 

Lakeport,  Cal 

Lakeport,  Iowa 

Lake  Prairie,  Iowa 

Lake  Prairie,  Minn 

Lake  Preston,  S.D 

Lake  Providence,  La... 

Lakes,  Ac,  Col....- 

Lakes,  Md 

Lake  Sarah,  Slinn 

Lake  Shove,  Minn 

Lake  Shore,  Utah 

Lakeside,  Cal 

Lakeside,  Col 

Lakeside,  Minn 

Lakesiile,  Minn 

Lakeside,  Neb 

Lake  Sinai,  S.D 

Lake  Spring",  Ky 

Lake  Stay,  Minn 

Lake  Tapps,  Wash 

1.4iketon,  Ind 

Laketon,  Mich 

Laketon,  S.D 

Laketown,  Mich 

Laketown,  Minn 

Laketown,  Utah 

Lft"k(-town,  Wis 

Lake  Valley,  Cal 

Lake  Valley,  Minn 

Lake  Valley.  N.M 

Lakeview,  Fla 

Lake  View,  Iowa 

Lakeview,  Mich 

Lakeview,  Minn 

Lakeview,  N.D 

Lakeview,  Ore 

Lake  View,  S.D 

Lakeview,  Utah 

Lakeview,  Utah 

Lake  View,  Wash 

Lake  View,  Wash 

Lake  Village,  Alaska... 
Lake  Village,  Alaska... 

Lake  Village,  La 

Lakeville,  Iowa 

Lakeville,  Mass 

Lakeville,  Minn 

Lakeville,  Minn 

Lakeville,  N.D 

Lake  Worth,  Fla 

Lakin,  Kan 

Lakin,  Kan 

Lakin,  Kan 

Lakin,  Kan 

Lakota,  N.D 

Lakota,  N.D 

La  Liendre,  N.M 

La  Lnz,  N.M 

Lamar,  Ala 

Lamar,  Ark 

Lamar,  Ark 

Lamar,  Col. 

Lamur,  Col 

Lamar,  Mo 

Lamar,  Mo 

Lamar,  Neb 

Laninr,  Pa 

Lamard,  111 

Lamartine,  Ark 

Lamartine,  Wis 

Ijamasco,  Ky 

Laniasco,  Ky 

Lamb,  Ga 

Lambert,  Minn 

Lamberton,  Minn 

Lamberton,  Minn 

Lambertville,  N.J '.. 

Lames,  Ala 

La  Mesa,  N.M 

La  Mine,  Mo 

Lamoille,  111 

Lamoille,  III 

Lamoine,  Me 

Lamont,  &c.,  Kan 

Lamont,  Wis 

Lamonte,  Mo 

Lamonte,  Mo 

Lamotte,  111 

La  Motte,  Iowa 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

ward 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

I)o8t-twp 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

district 

township 

townshi]) 

post-prect 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

village 

post-prect 

township 

mag  -dist 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

|iost-town 

post-vill 

township 

townshi|i 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

hamlet 

village 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post  prect 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-prect 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post- Till 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

po't-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

city 

precinct 

jirecinct 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-Till 


Conuty. 


Ionia... 

Becker 

Becker 

Vermilion 

Polk 

Hamilton 

Tooele 

l.iHke 

Woodbury 

Marion 

Nicollet 

Kingsbury 

East  Carroll.... 

Eagle 

Dorchestef 

Murray 

Lac-qril-Parle.. 

Utah 

San  Diego 

Summit 

Cottonwood 

St.  Louis 

Sheridan 

Brookings 

Simpson 

Lincoln 

Pierce 

Wabash 

Muskegon 

Brookings 

Allegan 

Carver 

Rich 

Polk 

El  Dorado 

Traverse 

SieiTa 

Osceola 

Sac 

Montcalm 

Becker 

La  Moure 

Lake 

Lake: 

Tooele 

Utah 

Pierce 

Pierce 


Natchitoches . 

Dickinson 

Plymouth 

Dakota 

Dakota 

Grand  Forks.. 

Dade 

Barton 

Harvey 

Kearney 

Kearney 

Nelson 

Nelson 

San  Miguel.... 
Donna  Ana.... 

Randolph 

Madison 

Yell 

Prowers 

Prowers 

Barton 

Barton 

Chase 

Clinton 

Wayne 

Columbia 

Fond  du  Lac. 

Lyon 

Lyon 

Washington... 

Polk 

Redwood 

Redwood 

Hnnteition 

Morgan 

Donna  Ana ... 

Cooper 

Bureau 

Bureau 

Hancock 

Hamilton 

Lafayette 

Petris 

Petlis 

Crawford 

Jackson 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


l,3:n 
164 
343 


662 

436 

3,714 

1,241 


1,583 
217 
349 


1,010 
172 


9I( 
1,056 
269 
461 
71 


27 
114 
1,008 
8<J2 
168 


1,216 
464 


i,:n2 
861 


2,209 
907 


1,524 
1,301 


1,378 

1,701 

49 

l,8-.il 


224 

149 

4,183 


1,193 

1,.3»1 

488 

749 


1,263 
896 

1,888 
161 

189 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS.  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Maine  of  pine*  aud 


Larootte,  Mich 

La  Bluurr,  N.D 

La  Moure,  N.D 

Lamuurie,  La. 

LamiMiaaa,  Trx 

Xampton,  N.D 

Lani.v,  Ac,  N.M 

Lanark,  III 

Lonnrk,  Khu 

Lanark,  Wit 

Lancaster,  Ark 

Lancaster,  III 

Lancaster,  III 

Lancaiter,  Ind 

Lancaster,  InJ 

Lancaster,  Ind 

Lancaster,  Iowa 

Lancaster,  Kan 

Lancaster,  Mass 

Lancaster,  Ho 

Lancaster,  Neb 

I^ancastrr,  N.H , 

Lancaster,  N.Y 

Lancaster,  N.Y 

Lancaster,  0 

Lancuster,  Pa 

Lancaster,  Pa 

Lancaster,  Pa. , 

Lancaster,  S.C. , 

LancaMtor,  Tex 

Lancaster,  Wis 

L.incastcr,  Wis 

Land,  Jlinn , 

Landaff,  Nil 

Lauder,  Wy , 

liandgroTe,  Vt 

Landingville,  Pa. 

]4indis,  N.J , 

Landisburg,  Pa , 

Landsford,  S.C 

Lane,  Ind , 

Lune,  Kan 

Lane,  Kan  

Ijfue,  Kj- 

Lane,  Ore 

Lane  Park.  Fla 

Lanesborougli,  Mass.... 
Lanesborougli,  Minn... 

Ijanesborougli,  N.C 

Lanesborough,  Pa 

Lanesburg,  Minn 

Lane's  Creek,  N.C 

Laiiesville,  III 

Lanesville,  Ind 

Laneville,  .Ma 

Langdon,  Kan 

Langdon,  N.H 

Langdon,  N.D 

Langdon,  N.D 

Langford,  Col 

Langford,  Col _ 

Langford,  8.D 

Langhei,  Minn 

Langborne,  Pa 

LanglHde,  Wis 

Langlcy,  Kan_ 

i.angley,  S.C 

Langola,  3Ilnn 

Langston,  Ac,  Ala 

Langston,  Fla 

L'Anguille,  Ark 

L'Anguille,  Ark 

Lanier,  Alii 

Lanier.  0 

Lansdale,  Pa 

Lansdowne,  I'a 

L'Anse,  Mich 

L'Anse,  Mich 

Lansford,  Pa 

Lansing,  Col 

Lansing,  Iowa 

Lansing,  Iowa 

Lansing,  Kan 

Lansing,  Mich 

lAnsing,  Mich 

Lansing,  Minn...„ 

Lansing,  N.Y 

Lansing,  S.D 

Lansingburg,  N.Y 

Lansingbnrg,  N.Y 

Laona,  111 

Lapescong,  N.J 

Lapeer,  Mich 

Lapeer,  Mich 

Lapeer,  N.Y 

Lapile,  Ark, 

140 


Kank  of 
plac«. 


poat-twp 

township 

post-Till 

ward 

|)ost-town 

township 

post-prect 

city 

township 

|)oat-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

township 

posttwp 

township 

post-twp 

JHmt-twp 

post-town 

|)o8t-town 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-viU 

city 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-buro' 

township 

|)Ost-boro' 

post-twp 

township 

township 

townsliip 

niag.-dist 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-town 

post- vi  II 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

l>ost-prect 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-boTo' 

post-prect 

township 

city 

city 

township 

city 

p<i8t-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-twp 


Connljr. 


Sanilac 

La  Moure.., 
La  Moure.., 

Knpidea. 

Lanipasaa... 

Walsh 

Santa  Fu... 

Carroll 

Books. 

Portage 

Crawford.... 
Stephenson. 

Wal>ash 

Huntington 
JeSenon  ... 

WelU 

Keokuk 

Atchison 

Worcester... 

Schuyler 

Lancaster... 

Coos 

Erie 

Erie 

Fairfield 

Butler 

Lancaster. 

Lanca«iter, 

Lancaster. 

Dallas . 

Grant 

Grant 

Grant 

Grafton 

Fremont. 

Bennington 

Schuylkill 

Cumberland 

Perry 

Chester 

Warrick 

Greenwood 

Smith 

Hancock 

Lane 

Lake 

Berkshire 

Fillmore 

Anson 

Susquehanna.... 

Le Sueur 

Union 

Sangamon 

Harrison 

Hale 

Reno 

Sullivan 

Cavalier 

Cavalier 

Boulder 

Boulder 

Marshall 

Pope „.... 

Bucks 

Langlade 

Ellsworth 

Aiken 

Benton 

Jackson.... 

Liberty 

Phillips 

Saint  Francis... 

Madison 

Preble 

Montgomery.... 

Delaware 

Baniga 

Baraga 

Carbon.... 

Arapahoe 

Allamakee 

Allamakee 

Leavenworth.... 

Ingham..; 

Ingham 

Mower 

Tompkins 

Brown 

Rensselaer....... 

Rensselaer 

Winnebago 

Warren 

La|)eer 

Lapeer 

Cortland 

Union 


Population. 


3,689 
653 


1,198 


603 


1,172 

1,002 

1,7«2 

1,307 

1,806 

1,306 

1,321 

2,008 

528 

6(JY 

2,721 

3,944 

1,602 

6,803 

1,070 

1,261 

25,769 

681 

497 

2,810 

1,069 

213 

506 

193 

246 

712 

3,486 

3;i6 

2,645 

1,165 

394 


1,286 

1,032 

2,041 

348 

1,637 

2,-508 

76:1 

280 

2,600 

565 

364 


297 

658 


800 
312 


91 

2,43» 

327 


1,909 
798 


1,184 
1.014 
2,206 


2,723 
1,811 

933 
1,209 
8,310 

652 
3,000 


7,759 

7,4.32 

742 

1,S9I 

1,168 

2,911 

767 

967 


040 
173 
309 

4,an 

2,408 

519 

370 

1,295 

271 

797 

486 

1,070 

933 

1,811 

1,272 

2,0:10 

1,221 

1,065 

2,201 

811 

1,307 

3,373 

3,962 

1,092 

7,555 

940 

1,177 

32,011 

1,09* 

741 

3,289 

1,543 

714 

499 

626 

220 

316 

3,856 

418 

2,907 

1,242 

710 

628 

912 

64 

109 

1,018 

898 

2,087 

876 

1,374 

2,558 

809 

277 

2,931 

450 

305 

6-12 

291 

436 

233 

108 

512 

727 

153 

290 

671 

785 

1,299 

173 

2,171 

608 

l,f)24 

1,824 

1,858 

875 

1,468 

055 

4,004 

362 

2,450 

1,008 

1,408 

1,422 

13,102 

710 

2,.')05 

132 

10,871 

10,660 

664 

1,7:}8 

957 

2,753 

685 

1,536 


Name  of  place  and 
•tat*. 


Tm  Place,  Ala 

La  Plata,  Mo 

La  Plata,  Mo 

La  Plata.N  M 

I.a  Platte,  Neb 

La  Plume,  Pa 

La  Porte,  Cal 

La  Porte,  Col 

La  Porte,  Ind 

La  Porte,  Pa 

La  Porte,  Pa 

lA  Porte  City,  Iowa 

U  Prairie,  111 

La  Prairie,  III 

La  Prairie,  Wis 

Laramie,  Col 

Laramie,  Wyo 

LarchwoKod,  Iowa 

Laredo,  Tex 

Largo,  N.M 

Larimer,  Pa 

Larimore,  N.D 

Larimore,  N.D 

Larkin,  Fla 

Larkin,  Mich 

Larkin,  Minn 

Larkinslmrg,  111 

Larkinsville,  Ala 

Larkinsville,  Ala 

Larkspur,  Col 

Larned,  Kan 

Lamed,  Kan 

La  Koche,  S.D  

Ijirrabeo,  Kan......... 

Larrabee,  Neb 

Larral>ee,  N.D 

Larrabee,  Wis 

Larue,  0 

La  Salle,  111 

La  Salle,  111 

La  Salle,  Mich 

Las  Animas,  Col 

La  Sauses,  Col 

Lhs  Colonias,  N.M... 

Las  Cruces,  N.M 

Las  Cruces,  N  M 

Las  Gilliiias,  N.M.... 

Las  Mulos,  N.M 

La.<  Nutrias,  N.M.... 

Las  Palomas,  N.M... 

Las  Placitiis,  N.M.... 

Lassen,  Cal 

Las  Tablas,  N.M 

Laston,  Ga 

Irfis  Truchas,  N.M.... 

Las  Vegas,  N.M 

Latah,  Wash 

Latham,  III 

Latham,  Kan 

Lathamville,  Ala 

l.athrop,  Cal 

Lathrop,  Mo , 

Lathrop,  Mo 

Latlirop,  Pa 

Latimoie,  Pa , 

Latona,  N.D , 

Latrobe,  Pa 

Lattimer,  Pa 

Lattv.O 

Liittv.O 

Lauderdale,  Ala 

Lauderdale,  Miss , 

Lauderdale,  Sta'u,  Miss 

Launherj',  Ind 

La  Union,  N.M 

Lauramie,  Ind 

Laurel,  Del 

Laurel,  Ind 

Laurel,  Ky 

Laurel,  Md 

Laurel,  Md 

I.aurel,  Miss 

Laurel,  Mont 

liaurel,  N.C 

Laurel,  0 

Laurel  Creek,  N.C 

Laurel  Fork,  Va 

Laurel  Hill,  N.C 

Laurel  Hill,  W.  Va... 

Laurel  Run,  Pa 

Laurelville,  0 

Laurence  Mill,  Tenn. 

Laurens,  Iowa 

Laurens,  N.Y 

Laurens,  N.Y 

Laurens,  S.C. 


Kank  of 
place. 


post-prect 

townahip 

post-vill 

post-prect 

l)08t-prect 

post-boro' 

IKJSt-Vill 

precinct 

city 

township 

post-boro' 

|>ost-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

precinct 

city 

IJOdt-tWp 

city 

post-prect 

township 

townsliip 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

townsliip 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

city 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-precl 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

city 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

p<>8t-boro' 

village 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

beat 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

townsliip 

post-town 

post  twp 

precinct 

district 

post-vill 

post-beat 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-twj) 

mug.-dist 

borough 

post-vill 

civil-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 


Coonty. 


Macon 

Macon............ 

Macon 

San  JuaD.„ 

Sarpy 

Lackawanna... 

Plumas 

Larimer 

Ija  Porte 

Sullivan 

Sullivan 

Black  Hawk... 

Adams 

Marshall 

Bock 

Larimer.. 

Albany 

Lyon 

Webb 

Sun  Juan 

Somerset! 

Grand  Forks... 
Grand  Forks... 

Liberty  

Midland , 

Nobles 

Clay 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Douglas 

Pawnee 

Pawnee 

Charles  Mix.... 

Gove 

Sheridan 

Foster 

Waupaca 

Marion 

La  Salle 

La  Salle..... 

Monroe 

Bent 

Conejos 

Giiadaloupc... 

Donna  Ana 

Donna  Ana 

San  Miguel 

San  Miguel...., 

Socorro 

Sieira 

Bernalillo 

Tehama 

Lincoln 

Bulloch 

Rio  Arriba 

San  Miguel 

Spokane 

Logan 

Butler 

De  Kalb.  

San  Joaquin.... 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Susquehanna.... 

Adams 

Walsh 

Westmoreland 

Luzerne 

Paulding 

Paulding 

Coosa 

Lauderdale 

Lauderdale 

Ripley 

Donna  Ana 

Tippecanoe 

Sussex 

Franklin 

Lewis 

Prince  George's 
Prince  George's 

Jones 

Yell.iwstone..., 

Ashe , 

Hocking 

Watauga , 

Carroll 

Richmond 

Lincoln 

Luzerne 

Hocking 

Hamilton 

Pocahontas 

Otsego.... ...... ... 

Otsego 

Laurens ., 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,289 

629 


274 


6,195 
672 
192 

1,0  6 
2a3 

1,2(16 
819 


2,090 

43 

3,621 


618 


146 

210 

45 

1,179 


1,842 
1,000 


812 
614 

8,087 

7,847 

1,5')0 

62 


2,283 

740 

1,0.'>4 

1,'^83 


1,815 
784 
609 


3,680 

206 

1,930 


'2,381 
1,0*22 
1,865 
761 
1,714 
1,200 
1,'297 


772 
1,292 

887 
3,331 
2,487 

633 


165 


1,827 

2.52 

4,587 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Laurens  C.-H.,  S.C 

I  Lauiiiibiirg,  N.O 

Luusanue,  Pa 

Lavaca,  Neb 

La  Valle,  Wis 

La  Valle.Wis 

La  Valley,  S.D 

Lave  Creek,  Ark 

La  Vegnita,  N.M 

La  Ventatia,  N.M 

La  Veta,  Col 

La  Veta,  Col 

Lavoiiia,  Ga 

Lawler,  Iowa 

Lawn,  Kan 

Lawn,  Neb 

Lawndale,  III 

Lawuridge,  Kan 

Lawrence,  Ala 

Lawrence,  Ark 

Lawrence,  Gi> 

Lawrence,  111 

Lawrence,  Ind 

Lawrence,  Kan 

Lawrence,  Kan 

Lawrence,  Kan 

Lawrence,  Masri 

Lawience,  Mich 

Lawrence,  Mich 

Iiawrence,  Minn 

Lawrence,  N.J 

Lawrence,  N.J 

Lawrence,  N.Y 

Lawrence,  N.Y 

Lawrence,  0 

Lawrence,  0 

Lawrence,  0 

Lawrence,  0 

Lawrence,  Pa 

Lawrence,  Pa 

LawTiMice,  Utah 

Lawrence,  Wi' 

Lawrence,  Wis 

Lawrenceburg,  Ind 

Lawrenceburj:,  Ind 

Lawrenceburg,  Ky 

Lawrenceburg,  Ky 

Lawrenceburg,  Tenn... 

Lawrence  Cove,  Ala 

Lawrenceville,  Ala 

Lawrenceville,  Ga 

Lawrenceville,  Ga 

Lawrenceville,  111 

Lawrenceville,  Pa 

Lawrenceville,  Va 

Laws,  Neb 

Laws,  S.C 

Lawson,  Col 

LawBon,  Md 

Lawson,  Mo 

Lawtey,  Fla 

Lawton,  Mich 

Lawton,  S.C 

Lawtonville,  Ga 

Lay,  Col 

Lay,  Neb 

Layton,  Iowa 

Layton,  Utah 

Laytonsville,  Md 

Lazearville,  W.  Va 

Lazenby,  Ga 

Leaches,  Ga 

Leaches,  Ky  ,. 

Leacock,  Pa 

Lead,  S.D 

Lead  illll,  Ark 

Lend  Jlines,  Va 

Leadsville,  W.  Va 

Leadville,  Col 

Leaf  Lake,  Minn 

Leaf  Mountain,  Minn.. 

Leaf  River,  111 

Leaf  Kiver,  III 

Leaf  River,  Minn 

Leaf  Valley,  Minn 

Leakesville,  Miss 

Leaksville,  N.C 

LeaksvlUe,  N.C 

Leaksville  Cotton  Mills, 

N.C 

Leamington,  Utah 

Leard,  Ark 

Learned,  Miss 

Leary's,  Ga 

Leasburg,  N.C 

LeatUerwood,  Ky 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

[Kist-twp 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

mil.'dist 

township 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

village 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

city 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

post-prect 

district 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

pi'ecinct 

township 

post-prect 

district 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

city 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

city 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-beat 

township 

post-vill 

village 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-twp 

preoiuct- 


fkiunty. 


Laurens 

Richmond .. 
Carlion. ...... 

Ch.rry 

Sauk 

i'auk 

Lincoln , 

Sharp 

Socorro 

Bernalillo... 
Huerfano.... 
Huerfano.... 

Franklin 

Chickasaw.. 

Harper 

Boxbutte 

McLean , 

Cheyenne..., 

Lamar , 

Lawrence..., 

Jasper 

Lawrence..., 

Marion 

Cloud 

Douglas 

Osborne , 

Essex 

Van  Burcn.. 
Van  Buren.. 

Grant 

Cumberland. 

Mercer 

Queens 

Saint  Lawrence 

Lawrence 

Stark 

Tuscarawas 

Washington 

Clearfield 

Tioga 

Kmery 

Brown 

Chippewa 

Dearborn 

Dearborn 

Anderson 

Anderson 

Lawrence........ 

Morgan 

Henry 

Gwinnett 

Gwinnett 

Lawrence 

Tioga 

Brunswick 

Frontier 

Williamsburg... 

Clear  Creek 

Somerset 

Ray 

Bradfi.rd 

Van  Buren 

Hampton 

Burke 

Routt 

Rock 

Pottawattamie 

Davis 

Montgomery.... 

Brooke 

Jasper. 

Gilmer 

Bullitt 

Lancaster 

Lawrence 

Boone 

Wythe 

Randolph 

Lake 

Otter  Tail 

Otter  Tail 

Ogle 

0(rle 

Wadena 

Douglas 

Greene 

Rockingham.... 
Rockingham... 

Rockingham  ... 

Millard 

Clark 

Hinds 

Calhoun 

Caswell 

Adair 


Population. 


7.52 

908 

1,421 


l,a64 
300 


165 

72 
487 


501 
1,709 
2,679 

51 
8,510 

610 

39,151 

1,999 

650 
79 


3,174 


2,483 
1,788 
4,.351 
1,723 
2,335 
2,233 
1,168 


837 


5,859 

4,6R8 

3,080 

6)8 

503 


1,551 
1,862 
463 
514 
426 
238 


1,295 


1,721 
223 
588 
747 

4,605 
247 


1,486 


2,419 

68 

538 

396 

1,325 

2,142 

1,437 

253 

2,415 

966 

14,820 

159 

289 

1,247 


323 
413 
4,55 
2,354 
682 


304 
1,647 
1,498 


2,245 

r.w 

607 

1,307 

333 

329 

336 

124 

464 

1,071 

361 

283 

464 

419 

588 

945 

238 

805 

859 

404 

1.826 

2,367 

823 

9,997 

411 

44,654 

1,779 

564 

120 

1,729 

1,448 

626 

2,037 

1,9.57 

4,146 

1,715 

1,799 

2,773 

1,017 

107 

949 

272 

5,517 

4,284 

3,701 

1,382 

618 

523 

1,283 

2,171 

666 

865 

441 

305 

336 

2,225 

465 

1,850 

520 

1,098 

788 

4,719 

112 

22 

107 

1,499 

809 

1,959 

317 

452 

425 

1,289 

2, 196 

2,581 

33:} 

4,114 

1,913 

10,384 

640 

623 

1,479 

339 

321 

614 

584 

2,965 

726 

315 
169 
345 
119 
267 
1,364 
1,648 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Leatherwood,  Ky 

Leatberwood,  Va 

Leavenworth,  Ind.... 
Leavenworth,  Kan... 
Leavenworth,  Minn.. 

Leavenworth,  S  0 

Leavitt,  Mich 

Lebanon,  Ala 

Lebanon,  Ark 

Lebanon,  Conn......... 

Lebanon,  111 

Lebanon,  111 

Lebanon,  Ind 

Lebanon,  Kan 

Lebanon,  Ky 

Lebanon,  Ky 

Lebanon,  Me 

Lebanon,  Mich......... 

Lebanon,  Minn 

Lebanon,  Mo 

Lebanon,  Mo 

Lebanon,  Mo 

Lfbanon,  Neb 

Lebanon,  N.H 

Lebanon,  N.J 

Lebanon,  N.Y 

Lebanon,  N.C 

Lebanon, 0  

Lebanon,  O 

Lebanon,  Ore 

Lebanon,  Ore 

Lebanon,  Pa 

Lebanon,  Pa 

Lebanon,  Tenn 

Lebanon,  Va 

Lebanon,  Va 

Lebanon,  Wis 

Lebanon,  Wis 

Lebo,  Kan 

Le  Boeuf,  La 

Leboeuf,  Pa 

Lecanto,  Fla 

Le  Claire,  Iowa. 

Le  Claire,  Iowa 

Lecompton,  Kan 

Lecompton,  Kan 

Ledyard,  Conn 

Ledyard,  N.Y 

Lee,  Ala 

Lee,  Ark 

Lee,  Ark 

Lee,  Ark 

Lee,  Ark 

Lee,  Ark 

Lee,  Cal 

Lee,  III 

Lee,  HI 

Lee,  111 

Lee,  HI 

Lee,  Iowa 

Lee,  Iowa... 

Lee,  Iowa 

Lee,  Iowa , 

Lee,  Iowa 

Lee,  &c.,  Ky.. 

Lee,  Ky 

Lee,  Me 

Lee,  Mass , 

Lee,  Mich 

Lee,  Mich 

Lee,  Mich 

Lee,  Minn 

Lee,  Mo 

Lee.  N.H 

Leei  N.Y 

Lee.  N.C 

Lee,  N.D 

Lee,  0 

Lee,  0 

Lee,  0 

Lee,  Va 

Lee,  Va 

Lee,  Va 

Lee,  Va 

Lee,  W.  Va 

Lee,  W.  Va 

Lee  Centre,  111 , 

Leech,  111 

Leechburg,  Pa 

Lee  Creek,  Ark , 

Lee  Creek,  Ark 

Leeds,  Ala , 

Leeds,  Me 

Leeds,  Minn 

Leeds,  N.D 

Leeds,  Utah 


Bank  of 
place. 


mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

city 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

city 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vlll 

precinct 

post-vill 

city 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-twj) 

township 

post  vill 

ward 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

village 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 


County. 


Perry 

Henry 

Crawford 

Leavenworth. 

Brown 

Darlington , 

Oceana ., 

De  Kalb 

Sharp 

New  London.. 
Saint  Clair...... 

Saint  Clair 

Boone 

Smith 

Marion 

Marion 

York 

Clinton 

Dakota 

Cooper 

Laclede 

Laclede..... 

Red  Willow.... 

Grafton 

Hunterdon 

Madic^on......... 

Durham 

Meigs 

Warren 

Linn 

Linn 

Lebanon  

Wayne 

Wilson 

Russell 

Russell 

Dodge 

Waupaca 

Coffey 

Cameron 

Erie 

Citrus 

Scott 

Scott 

Douglas 

Douglas 

New  London.. 

Cayuga 

Fayette 

Boone 

Cleveland 

Garland 

Johnson 

Pope 

Sacramento 

Brown 

De  Kalb 

Fulton 

Lee , 

Adair 

Buena  Vista.... 

Franklin 

Madison 

Polk 

Casey 

Jessamine 

Penobscot 

Berkshire 

Allegan 

Calhoun 

Midland 

Norman 

Platte 

Strafford 

Oneida 

Columbus 

Nelson 

Athens 

Carroll 

Monroe 

Accomack 

Fairfax 

Fauquier 

Shenandoah 

Calhoun , 

Logan 

Lee 

Wayne 

Armstrong 

Crawford , 

Washington 

Jefferson 

Androscoggin.. 

Murray 

Benson 

Washington 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


774 

2,840 

716 

16,546 

432 

1,564 

6a5 


517 
1,845 


1,924 
2,625 


6,0<i6 
2,054 
1,601 
1,299 
2.52 
1,237 
2,949 
1,419 


3,354 
2,099 
1,58(; 
804 
2,020 
2,703 


8,778 
590 

2,296 

2,690 
244 

1,580 
843 


79.5 
1,420 


1,876 

1,061 

1,004 

284 

1,373 

2,199 

493 

238 

640 

0.J3 

678 

C64 

518 

1,465 

218 

1,092 

218 


393 
411 

756 
8,403 


2,198 
894 

3,939 
654 

1,225 


L117 

'715 

2,360 

1,148 


1,086 

933 

1,241 

7,486 

1,643 

4,136 

3,236 

1,305 

843 

984 

1,231 

1,123 

1,202 

500 


1,194 
213 


334 
141 


?800 

2,889 

792 

19,768 

431 

2,023 

827 

716 

52L 

1,670 

3,172 

1,636 

3,682 

301 

5,451 

2,816 

1,263 

1,235 

242 

1,252 

3,930 

2,218 

333 

3,763 

2,337 

1,277 

1,183 

2,042 

3,050 

1,635 

829 

14,664 

541, 

1,883 

2,861 

310 

1,506 

932 

538 

941 

1,215 

136 

1,604 

906 

1,239 

450 

1,183 

2,185 

058 

550 

717 

556 

476 

1,192 

541 

1,277. 

204 

{118 

264 

520 

461 

586 

593 

20,759 

2,928 

2,291 

929 

3,785 

900 

1,117 

264 

644 

814 

606 

1,845 

1,422 

276 

993 

926 

1,347 

7,889 

1,609 

4,212 

3,406 

1,966 

831 

789 

1,.560 

1,921 

546 

740 

250 

999 

300 

258 

223 


GITIBS,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  J880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Mam*  of  place  and 


,WU. 

it,  in 

anavr,  tlicb 

Cm  Uill,  N.C 

LMnlbrup,  Minn 

LMpartowu,  III 

Lms,  Him 

!.««•,  8.a 

l^eeabuiig,  FTa. 

LcMUurg,  ria. 

1i«e8bur){,  Qa.„ 

Leeaburg,  Ga- 

gurg,  Idaho ~.. 
urg,  Ind. 
urg,  Kjr 
org,  Ky 

I^eaburg,  O 

Leesbiirg,  0 

Le«sburg,  O 

Xeesbiirg,  V« 

Leesliurg,  Va. 

Lee's  Siiuimit,  Mo 

Leeaville,  Mu 

Leesville,  Mo 

I«e«ville,  S.C. 

l«esville  Crow  R'di,  0. 

teet,  Pa 

X.oetuDia,  0 

Le  Getts,  S.C 

Lo  Grand,  Iowa. 

Lebi,  Ariz 

Lehi,  Utalk 

Lehi);;)),  Iowa 

Lehigh,  Kan 

Lehigh,  Pa 

Lehigli,  Pa 

Lehigh,  Pa „ 

Lt'liigh,  Pa. 

Lehighton,  Pa 

Lehman,  Pa 

Lehman,  Pa 

Leicester,  Mass 

Leicester,  Neb 

Leicester,  N.Y 

Leicester,  N.C 

Leicester,  Vt 

Leidy,  Pa 

Leigh,  Neb.......„ 

Lei;:)),  Va 

Leigh,  Va 

Leighton,  Ala. 

Leiglitun,  Ala 

Leighton,  Mich 

Lei|>sic,  Del 

Leipeic,  O 

Leis,  Kan 

Leisenring,  Pa 

LeitchfielJ,  Ky 

Leitchfleld,  Ky 

Leitersbnrg,  Md 

Leland,  III 

Leland,  Mich 

Leland,  Miss 

Leland,  Wash 

Lo  Mars,  Iowa 

Lemington,  Vt 

Lemitar,  N.M 

Lemly.  N.C 

Le  Moine,  III 

Lemon,  0 

Lemon,  Pa 

Lemond,  Miun 

Lemons,  Ga. 

Lemunt,  III 

Lemonweir,  Wis. 

Lcmoore,  Cal 

Lem|)8ter,  N.H 

Lena,  HI 

Lena,  Ore 

Lenhartsville,  Pa 

Lennox,  S.D 

Lenoir,  N.C „ 

Lenoir,  N.C 

Lenoir,  Institute,  N.C 

Lenoir's,  Tenn 

Leuora,  Kan 

Lenora,  Kan 

Lenox,  III 

Lenox,  Iowa„ 

Lenox,  Iowa. 

Lenox,  Mass 

Lenox,  Mich 

Lenox,  N.Y 

Lenox,  0 

Lenox.  Pa 

Lent,  Minn 

142 


Bank  of 


poat-twp 

luwiisbip 

townsliij) 

township 

township 

township 

beat 

township 

precinct 

poat-vUI 

mil.-dist 

poat-vill 

post  prect 

l>08t-town 

mag.-dist 

post-Till 

village 

post-vill 

towusliip 

mag.-dlst 

|l08t-Vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

poet-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

poet-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

n^ag.-didt 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

district 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

|)ost-prect 

post-twp 

|K)st-town 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

civil-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

poat-twp 

township 


OMpty. 


Coluubia 

Bludlson 

Loelauaw 

Washington 

Chipi>ewa. 

Bureau 

Neshoba. 

Wniiamsbarg... 

Uke 

Uke 

Lee 

Lee 

Lemhi 

Kosciusko 

Harrison 

Harrison 

Carroll 

Highland 

Union 

Loudoun 

Loudoun 

Jackson 

Henry 

Henry 

Lexington 

Crawford 

Alleghany 

Columbiana 

Marion 

Marshall 

Maricopa... 

Utah 

Webster 

Marion 

Carbon 

Lackiiwanna.... 
Northampton... 

Wayne 

Caibou 

Luzerne 

Pike 

Worcester 

Clay 

Livingston 

Buncombe _ 

Addison 

Clinton 

Colfax 

Amelia 

Prince  Edward 

Colbert 

Lawrence 

Allegan 

Kent.... 

Putnam 

Logan 

Fayette 

Grayson 

Grayson 

Washington 

La  Salle 

Leelauaw. ., 

Washington 

•lelfenion 

Plymouth , 

Essex 

Socorro 

Mecklenburg... 

McDonoiigh 

Butler 

Wyoming , 

Steele 

Cobb 

Cook 

Juneau. 

Tulare- 

Sullivan 

Stephenson 

Morrow 

Berks 

Lincoln 

Caldwell 

Caldwell 

Lenoir 

Loudon 

Norton 

Norton 

Warren 

Iowa 

Taylor 

Berkshire 

Macomb 

Madison 

Ashtabnla 

Susquehanna... 
Chisago 


Pupulation. 


1880.      189a 


l.lftT 

U19 

1,015 

2,'^1» 

387 

4.^u 

1,619 


200 

2,027 

358 


354 

1,692 

107 

408 

513 

1,552 

4,286 

1,726 

693 

1,253 

70 

177 

213 

890 

2,552 

1,612 

1,906 


1,538 


36 

196 

3,338 


1,93 

840 

812 

2,779 

508 

1,679 

2,838 

634 

683 

54 

3,645 

2,2.56 

1,230 

3,322 

1,360 

407 

681 


4,225 
491 

1,540 
653 
874 


222 


1,492 

1,290 

6,775 

608 

648 

1,011 

3,798 

1,011 

46:i 

602 

1,520 

142 

161 

89 

1,789 

422 

1,087 

1.183 


34 

992 

496 

635 

2,iH3 

2,516 

10,246 

820 

1,7.30 

175 


1,171 

790 

1,397 

2,868 

609 

566 

1,427 

993 

2,015 

722 

1,991 

442 

128 

34.5 

1,.359 

101 

373 

617 

1,686 

4,246 

1,650 

1,369 

1,317 

124 

229 

aoi 

1,117 

2,826 

1,894 

1,744 

269 

1,907 

870 

890 

665 

146 

3,570 

365 

2,969 

1,033 

742 

3,120 

698 

1,647 

3,274 

562 

677 

249 

2,856 

2,051 

1,018 

1,422 

1,162 

366 

1,35:1 

74 

835 

6,113 

421 

1,368 

654 

708 

485 

Zid 

4,036 

227 

390 

1,741 

1,096 

10,052 

604 

672 

362 

6,.53U 

1,075 

651 

519 

1,270 

24:t 

152 

36H 

2,060 

673 

886 

1,260 

460 

231 

837 

414 

706 

2,889 

2,385 

12,815 

724 

1,463 

245 


Name  of  plaoe  and 


Lenta,  Or* 

Lenzburg,  III 

Louxburg,  111 

LeolH,  S.D 

Lcola,Wis 

Leominster,  Mass 

Leon,  Ala 

Leon,  Iowa 

Leon,  Kan 

Leon,  Minn 

Leon,  N.Y 

Leon,W.  Va 

Leon,  Wis 

Leon,WU 

Leonu,  Kan 

Leonard,  Neb 

I^eonard,  N.D 

Leonard,  Tex 

Leonards vil I e,  Minn.... 

Leonardtown,  Md 

Leonardtown,  Md 

Leoiiardvillu,  Kan 

Leoni,  Mich 

Leonidas,  Mich 

Leopold,  Ind 

Leota,  Kan 

Leota,  Minu 

Leoti,  Kan 

Leoti,  Kan 

Leo  Valley,  &.C.,  Neb... 

Le  Ray,  N.Y 

Le  Ruysville,  Pa 

Le  Koy,  Col 

LeUoy,  111 

Le  Roy,  HI 

Lo  Roy,  Iowa 

Le  Roy,  Iowa 

Le  Roy,  luwa 

Le  Roy,  Kan 

Le  Roy,  Kan 

Le  Roy,  Mich , 

Lu  Roy,  Mich 

Le  Roy,  Mich , 

Le  Roy,  Mich.. 

Le  Roy,  Minn 

Le  Roy,  Minn , 

Le  Roy,  Minn 

Le  Roy,  Mo 

Le  Roy,  Neb 

Le  Itoy,  N.Y 

Le  Koy,  N.Y 

Le  Roy,  O 

Le  Boy,  Pa 

Le  Roy,  S.D 

Le  Roy,  Wis 

Le  Sauk,  Miun 

Le  Sieur,  Mo 

Leslie,  Col 

Leslie,  Ac,  Ky 

Leslie,  Mich 

Leslie,  Mich 

Leslie,  Minn 

Leslie,  Mo 

Leslie,  Neb 

Lessor,  Minn 

Lessor,  Wis , 

Lester,  Ark , 

Lester,  Ga 

Lester,  Iowa 

lister  Prairie,  Minn... 

Li'Sterville,  Mo 

Le  .Sueur,  Minn , 

Le  Sueur,  S.D 

Le  Sueur  Centre,  Minn 

Letart,  0 

Letcher,  S.D 

Iietohatchee,  Ala 

Letohatchee,  Ala 

Letterkeiiny,  Pa , 

Letts,  Iowa. 

Levan,  111 , 

Levan,  Utah , 

Levant,  Me 

Levant,  N.D 

Levee,  111 

Levee,  Ky , 

Leven,  Minn..... ,.... 

Leverett,  Mass , 

Levervey,  Ark 

Levey,  Iowa 

Levis,  Wis 

Levyville,  Fla 

Lewes,  Del 

Lewis,  Ala 

Lewis,  Ark 

Lewis,  Ind 


Bank  of 
place. 


l>o8t-prcct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

|)ost-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

iwst-twp 

(xst-vill 

township 

post-tuwii 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

district 

post-vill 

post-Till 

post-twp 

poet-twp 

post-twp 

township 

townithip 

township 

post-vill 

i)08t- prect 

townsliip 

post-boro 

post-prect 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

))08t-Vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-viil 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-Uist 

township 

post-vill 

jiost-twp 

post-lx>ro' 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post  prect 

post- town 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

township 


County. 


M^nltnomah 

Saint  Clair 

Saint  Clair 

Co<lington 

Adams 

Worcester 

Crenshaw 

Decatur 

Butler 

Goodhue 

Cattaraugus 

Mason 

Monroe 

Waushara 

Doniphan 

Dawes 

Cass..... 

Fannin 

Traverse 

!?aiiit  Mitry's.... 
Saint  Mary's.... 

Riley 

Jackson 

Saint  Joseph.... 

Perry,... 

Norton., 

Nobles ., 

Wichita 

Wichita 

Greeley 

Jefferson 

Bradford 

Logan... 

Boone 

McLean 

Audubon 

Bentoi) 

Bremer. 

Coffey 

Coffey.... 

Calhoun 

Ingham 

Osceola 

Osceola 

Blue  Earth 

Mower 

Mower ~ 

Barton 

York ,... 

Genesee 

Genesee 

Lake 

Bradford 

Lake 

Dodge 

Stearns 

New  Madrid 

WashiiiKton 

Cumberland 

Ingham 

Ingham 

Todd 

Carroll 

Wjiyne 

Polk 

Shawano 

Craighead 

Junes 

Black  Hawk 

McLeod 

Reynolds 

Le  Sueur 

Kingsbiu-y 

La  Sueur 

Meigs 

Sanborn 

Lowndes 

Lowndes 

Franklin 

Louisa 

Jacksou. 

Jusib 

Penobscot 

Grand  Forks.... 

Pike 

Montgomery.... 

Pope 

Franklin 

Montgomery.... 

Sac 

Clark 

Levy 

Sussex 

Coosa. 

Scott 

Clay 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


2.38 

5,772 

1,072 

1,367 

113 

1,138 

1,192 

127 

748 

76H 

135 


3,414 
465 


1,5.57 

1,612 

890 

9fi9 

97 


2,660 
324 


884 

1,068 

1,302 

1,800 

4.30 

075 

645 

1,278 

1,911 

810 

134 

1,170 

709 

432 

667 


4,469 


722 
1,196 


1,688 

293 

1,686 


2,501 

1,113 

199 


232 


465 
194 
613 
965 


1,068 
1,414 


73 
1,3C5. 


1,500 
73 

2,476, 
3(H) 
854 
624 

1,076 


763 

1,446 

207 

742 


6i5 
266 


3,103 
639 


1,494 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


liSnis,  Iowa 

Lewis,  Iowa 

Lewis,  Kan 

Lewis,  Mo 

Lewis,  Neb 

Lewis,  N.Y 

Lewis,  N.Y 

Lewis,  0 

Lewis,  Pa 

Lewis,  Pa 

Lewis,  Pa 

Lewis,  W.  Va 

Lewis  <fc  Clarke,  Ore... 

Lewisberry,  I'a 

Lewisl>orougli,  N.Y..., 

Lewisbui-g.  Kj- 

Lewisburg,  Ky 

Lewisburg,  Neb 

Lewisburg,  0 

Lewislmrg,  Pa 

Lewisburg,  Teiin 

Lewisburg,  W.  Va 

Lewisburg,  W.  Va 

Lewis  Forii,  Ky 

Lewis  Fork,  N.O 

Lewisport,  Ky 

Lewisport,  Ky 

Lewis  Station,  Mo 

Lewiston,  Cal 

Lewiston,  Idaiio 

Lewiston,  Idalio 

Lewiston,  Me 

Lewiston,  Minn 

Lewiston,  Mo 

Lewiston,  N.Y 

Lewiston,  N.Y 

Lewiston,  N.C „. 

Lewiston,  Utali 

Lewiston,  Va 

Lewiston,  AVis 

Lewistown,  III 

Lewistown,  111 

Lewistown,  Md 

Lewistown,  Pa , 

LewisviUe,  Ark 

Lewisville,  Ind... 

LewisviUe,  N.C 

Lewisville,  N.C 

Lewisville,  Pa 

Lewisville,  S.C 

Lewisville,  Tex 

Lexington,  Ala , 

Lexington,  Ala 

Lexington,  Ga 

Lexington,  111 

Lexington,  111 

Lexington,  Ind 

Lexington,  Kan 

Lexington,  Kan 

Lexington,  Ky 

Lexington,  Mass 

Lexington,  Mich 

Lexington,  Mich 

Lexington,  Minn 

Lexington,  Miss 

Lexington,  Mo , 

Lexington,  Mo , 

Lexington,  Neb 

Lexington,  Neb , 

Lexington,  N.Y 

Lexington,  N.C 

Lexington,  N.C , 

Lexington,  0 

Lexington,  0 

Lexington,  Okia 

Lexington,  &c..  Ore.... 

Lexington,  S.C 

Lexington,  Tenn 

Lexington,  Va , 

Lexington,  Va 

Lexington  C.-H.,  S.C. 

Leyden,  III 

Leyden,  Mass.... 

Leyden,  NY , 

Liberal,  Iowa 

Liberal,  Kan , 

Liberal,  Mo, , 

Liberty,  Ala 

Liberty,  Ala 

Liberty,  Ark 

Liberty,  Ark 

Liberty,  Ark 

Liberty,  Ark 

Liberty,  Ark 

Liberty,  Ark 

Liberty,  Ark 


Bank  of 
place. 


post'town 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

Ix)st-boro' 

post-town 

post-town 

niag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-tw]) 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

city 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

|)08t-vill 

post-town 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

l)ost-vill 

district 

post-boro' 

post-town 

I>o8t-town 

township 

post-vill 

borough 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

l)o.st-prect 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

city 

precinct 

city 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

|)08t-vill 

lK)8t-prect 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

towiMhip 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

ix)8t-prect 

township 

townshi  p 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

towiubip 


County. 


Cass 

Pottawattamie 

Gove 

Holt 

Clay , 

Essex 

Lewis 

Brown 

Lycoming 

Northumberl'd 

Union 

Mason 

Clatsop... 

York 

Westchester 

Logan 

Mason 

Harlan 

Preble 

Union 

Marshall 

Greenbrier 

Greenbrier 

Breathitt 

Wilkes 

Hancock 

Hancock 

Henry 

Trinity 

Nez  Perces 

Nez  Perces 

Androscoggin... 

Winona 

Lewis 

Niagara  

Niagara 

Bertie 

Cache 

Lunenburg 

Columbia 

Fulton 

Fulton 

Frederick 

Mifflin 

Lafayette. 

Henry 

Forsyth 

Forsyth 

Potter 

Chester 

Denton 

Dallas 

Lauderdale 

Oglethori)e 

McLean 

McLean 

Scott 

Clark 

Johnson 

Fayette 

Middlesex 

Sanilac 

Sanilac 

Le  Sueur 

Holmes 

Lafayette 

Lafayette 

Dawson 

Dawson 

Green 

Davidson 

Davidson 

Kichland 

Stark 

Cleveland 

Morrow 

Lexington 

Henderson 

Rockbridge 

Rockbridge 

Lexington 

Cook 

Franklin 

Lewis. 

Lyon 

Seward , 

Barton 

Autauga 

Blount 

Carroll „.... 

Independence.. 

Lee 

Ouachita 

Pope 

Saline. 

Van  Biiren I 


Population. 


6.W 
97.T 


4,087 

503 
1,774 
1,161 
3,188; 
1,000 
1,173 

845 

1,640 

94 

283 
1,612 

111 
1,5.W 

400 

41 19 
3,080 

400 
1,913 

985 


907 


739 

19,083 

241 

127 

2,708 


525 
1,995 

993 
3,136 
1,771 
1,326 
3,222 

301 

446 

894 
48 

365 
3,076 

466 
1,713 


1,408 
2,404 
1,254 
2,466 


2,042 
16,056 
2,460 
2,99.^ 

955 
1,047 

798 
6,970 
3,996 


1,3.56 

2,877 

626 

608 

6,287 


2,065 
329 

4,051 

2,771 
262 

l,:i83 
507 

1,9:13 


295 
612 
295 
1,190 
1,312 
260 
646, 


579 

8.34 

212 

3,733 

818 

1,323 

999 

2,8;«) 

985 

1,151 

1,017 

2,435 

324 

170 

1,417 

224 

1,799 

393 

486 

3,248 

631 

2,213 

1,016 

469 

1,122 

2,463 

435 

262 

506 

1,069 

849 

21,701 

324 

200 

2,577 

633 

373 

754 

1,700 

936 

3,246 

2,106 

1,2.50 

3,273 

255 

420 

1,079 

439 

459 

4,311 

498 

1,873 

940 

1,761 

2,174 

1,187 

2,195 

309 

1,871 

21,567 

3,197 

2,602 

712 

1,3.37 

1,075 

7,968 

4,537 

2,176 

1,392 

1,229 

3,584 

1,440 

432 

8,994 

223 

441 

2,468 

715 

4,418 

3,069 

:i42 

1,558 

407 

1,624 

409 

493 

546 

1,236 

742 

523 

722 

514 

6:54 

951 

263 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
LilKTty, 
Lil)erty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Lil)erty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liljerty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Lil)erty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Libeity, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 
Liberty, 


Ark 

Ual 

Cal 

Idaho... 

Ill , 

III , 

Ind 

Ind 

IikI 

Ind 

Ind , 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

loM-a.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa..., 

Io«-B.... 

Iowa. ... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Towa.... 

Iowa.,.. 

Iowa.... 

Iowa..., 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Ky 

4o.,Ky., 

Ky 

Ky 

Me 

Md 

Mich 

Mich 

Minn,.., 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo .,. 


Bank  of 
place. 


townsliip 

township 

townsliip 

post-prect 

post-twp 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

towtiship 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

district 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County, 


White. 

San  Joaquin.,,, 

Siskiyou 

Bear  Lake 

Adams 

Effingham 

Crawford 

Delaware 

Fulton 

Grant... 

Hendricks 

Henry 

Howard 

Parke 

Porter 

Saint  Joseph,,,. 

Shelbyv , 

Tipton 

Union 

Union 

Wabash 

Warren 

Wells 

White 

Buchanan 

Cherokee 

Clarke 

Clinton 

Dubuque 

Hamilton 

Jefferson 

Johnson 

Keokuk 

Lucas 

Marion 

Marshall 

Mitchell 

O'Brien. 

Plymonth 

Ringgold 

Scott 

Warren 

Woodbitry 

Wright 

Barton 

Clark  

Coffey 

Cowley 

Decatur. 

Dickinson 

Elk 

Geary 

Hamilton 

Jackson 

Kingman 

I.abette 

Linn 

Marion 

Montgomery ... 
Montgomery  ... 

Osborne 

Republic 

Saline 

Woodson 

Calloway 

Casey 

Casey 

Greenup. 

Waldo 

Frederick 

Jackson 

Wexford 

Polk.... 

Adair 

Barry 

Bollinger 

Callaway 

Cape  Girardeau 

Clay 

Clay 

Cole 

Crawford 

Daviess 

Grundy 

Holt 

Iron ~-... 

Knox » 

Macon 

Madison 

Marion 

Phelps 

Pitlaski 

Putnam 

Saint  Francois.. 

Saline 

Schuyler— 


Population. 


1880,      1890. 


464 


1,464 

641 

882 

1,6.50 

1,628 

2,.524 

2,6(M 

1,839 

1,580 

1,772 

902 

1,939 

1,577 

2,115 

939 

1,096 

2,013 

1,330 

1,752 

1,149 

1,286 

:!98 

791 

822 

949 


1,118 
668 

1,115 
865 

1,694 
872 
423 
350 
365 
574 

1,167 

1,089 
727 
351 
360 


752 
747 


646 


906 

994 

1,702 

1,022 

93 

949 

713 

480 

1,100 

1,806 


970 
1,650 
1,065 

109 


1,030 

918 

2,026 

1,230 

73:1 

3,714 

1,476 

1,260 

1,154 

988 

907 

1,065 

665 

859 

1,2:J6 

420 

3,694 

535 

1,684 

1,402 

1,802 

1,819 

1,729 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880   AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Kain«  of  place  and 
Mate. 


in»Tiy,  Mo 

Liberty,  Mo 

Liberty,  Mo 

Liberty,  Neb... 

Liberty,  Neb 

Liberty,  NeU 

Liberty,  MeU 

Liberty,  Meb. 

Liberty,  Neb ..... 

Liberty,  Neb. 

Ltbertv,  Neb. 

Liberty,  Neb 

Liberty,  Neb 

Liberty,  NeU. — 

Liberty,  N.M 

Liberty,  N.Y. -. 

Liberty,  N.Y 

Liberty,  N.O ~ 

Liberty,  N.C 

Liberty,  N.D 

Liberty,  N.D. 

Liberty,  O 

Liberty,  0 

Liberty,  O 

Liberty,  O ~ ~.. 

Llljerty,0. — 

Liberty,  0 

Liberty,  O 

Liberty,  O ~, 

Liberty,  0 „. 

Liberty,  O „....> 

Liberty,  0 

Liberty,  O..... 

Liberty,© , 

Liberty,  0 , 

Liliortv.O > 

Liberty,  O 

Liberty,  0 

Liberty,  0 , 

Liberty,  O , 

Liberty,  0 

Liberty,  O 

Lllierty,  0 

Liberty,  O 

Lil>erty,0 

Liberty,  Ore 

Liberty,  Pa 

Liberty,  Pa 

Liberty,  Pa 

Liberty,  Pa 

Liberty,  Pa 

Liberty,  Pa 

Liberty,  Pa 

Lllierty,  Pa 

Liberty,  S.C 

Liberty,  S.C 

Liberty,  S.C 

Liberty,  S.D 

Liberty,  8.D 

Lllierty,  S.D 

Liberty,  S.D , 

Liberty,  S.D 

Liberty,  W.  Va 

Lllierty,  W.  Va 

Liberty,  Wis 

Liberty,  Wis „, 

Liberty.  WU 

Liberty,  Wig 

Liberty  Centre,  0 

Liberty  Groye,  Wig 

Liberty  Hill,  Ala 

Liberty  Hill,  Tex 

Libertytown,  Md 

Liliertyville,  III 

Llbertyville,  IlL 

Llcii,  0 „, 

Lick  Uraiicb,  Kt 

Lick  Creek,  Ark , 

Lick  Creek,  111... 

Lick  Creek,  Iowa , 

Lick  Creek,  Iowa._..,., 

Lick  Creek,  Ky , 

Licking,  HI 

Licking,  Ind 

Licking,  0 

Licking,  O 

Licking,  Pa 

Licking,  Wash 

Licking,  W.  Va 

Licking  Creek,  Pa,.... 

Licking  Hole,  Va 

Lick  Mountain,  Ark.. 

Lick  Prairie,  III 

Lickgkillet,  Ga 

Llckskillct,  Ga. 

Lickgkillet,  Tenn 

144- 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

tuwnablp 

precinct 

precinct 

townsliip 

township 

township 

po«t-vilt 

township 

precinct 

jirecinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

po«t-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townghip 

townghip 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

townghip 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townghip 

township 

township 

townghip 

township 

townghip 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

townghip 

townghip 

townghip 

townghip 

post-twp 

township 

townghip 

pogt-vill 

townghip 

township 

townghip 

townghip 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.Klist 

townghip 

townghip 

townghip 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

|io8t-town 

(xist-vill 

township 

p«ist-vill 

townghip 

precinct 

townghip 

post-prect 

townghip 

townghip 

precinct 

townghip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

mHg.-dist 

township 

inag.-dist 

post-twp 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

niil.-digt 

clTll-dist 


County. 


Stoddard..-.., 

Sullivan 

W«shiiigtuD„ 

Boxbutte 

Chss 


Fillmore 

Gage -.„.. 

Gage 

Kearnev 

Nuckolls 

Perkins 

RlchardHon.-.. 

Sheridan 

Valley 

San  Miguel..... 

Sullivan 

Sullivan 

Randolph 

Randolph 

Yadkin 

Kidder 

Adams 

Bntler 

Clinton 

Crawford 

Delaware 

Fnirfleid 

Guernsey 

Hancock 

Hardin 

Henry 

Highland. 

Jackson 

Knox 

Licking 

Logan 

Mercer 

Putnam 

Ro.48 

Seneca 

Trumbull 

Union 

Van  Wert 

Washington,.., 

Wood 

Linn 

Adams 

Bedford 

Centru 

McKean 

Mercer 

Montour 

Susquehanna.. 

Tioga 

Orangeburg 

Pickens 

Pickens 

Beadle 

Brown 

Day 

Edmunds 

Ilutchingon 

Marshall 

Ohio 

Grant 

Manitowoc 

Outagamie 

Vernon 

Henry 

Door 

Dallas 

Williamson 

Frederick 

Lake 

Lake 

Jackson 

Martin 

Little  River..., 

Union 

Davis „ 

Van  Buren 

Pike , 

Crawford ,.., 

Blackford , 

Licking 

Muskingum... 
Clarion.......... 

Whatcom 

Tucker 

Fulton 

Goochland 

Conwav , 

Wabash , 

Clierokoe.....«< 

Schley ..., 

Cocke 


Population. 


1880.     1800, 


2,8f» 
l,iKi:i 

t*uu 


1,281 
GU5 
764 
27 
28() 
40U 


085 


3,209 

478 

1,0.35 


1,847 


l,:t5.'i 
1,468 
1,382 
1,679 
1,481 
3,070 
1,503 
1,101 
3,295 
1,946 
5,381 
1,784 
l,o:J4 
75J 
l,fi6C 
1,196 
l,6:i0 
1,575 
2,1.57 
4,068 
1,398 
1.65.J 
1,614 
1,292 
278 
892 
914 
1,284 
2,029 
642 
1,168 
1,108 
1,629 
1,215 
2,146 
149 


2,764 

1,639 

895 

1,387 

504 

543 

504 

1,092 

1,656 


542 
1,327 

695 
5,213 

6^8 

217 


1,379 

914 

940 

1,913 

2,828 

1,2.56 

948 

1.123 


65<l 

1,077 

3,628 

1, 

671 

898 

949 

1,144 


4,%)6 

l,-i97 

1,050 

249 

1,602 

789 

1,195 

469 

600 

616 

882 

1,030 

308 

403 

306 

3,:«7 

734 

1,410 

366 

2,078 

:« 

1,245 

1,167 

1,299 

1,591 

1,406 

3,055 

1,463 

1,287 

3,503 

1,880 

5,598 

1,:M5 

1,044 

702 

1,.563 

1,652 

2,(160 

1,654 

2,ori 

3,631 

1,431 

2,383 

1,556 

2,013 

294 

761 

1,332 

1,244 

2,174 

607 

1,081 

899 

1,765 

1,164 

2,318 

211 

261 

351 

383 

180 

698 

2,667 

1,572 

881 

1,277 

492 

663 

500 

1,536 

1,641 

309 

689 

1,694 

66<t 

5,711 

752 

412 

996 

1,179 

961 

1,461 

1,940 

3,955 

1,111 

872 

914 

221 

663 

951 

8,4.31 

1,643 

684 

993 

823 

728 


Kame  of  place  and 
■tate. 


LIda,  Minn 

Liddell,  Ark 

Lien,  Minn 

I.igonler,  Ind 

Ligunier,  Pa 

Llgonior,  Pa 

Likes,  Col 

Llleavllle,  N.C 

Lilesville,  N.C 

Llletown,  Ky 

Lillian,  Neb 

Lilllngtou,  N.C 

Lilllngton,  N.C™ 

Lilly.  Pa „ 

Lily,  Col - 

Lily  Bay,  Me 

Lily  Pond,  Ga 

Limn,  111 

Lima,  III 

LimA,  III 

Lima,  Ind 

Liiiia,  Ind..... 

Lima,  Mich 

Lima,  Mont.. 

Lima,  N.Y 

Lima,  N.Y 

Llma,0 

Lima.O 

Lima,  i'a..., 

Lima,  Wis 

Lima,  Wis 

Lima,  Wis 

Lima,  Wis 

Liniaville,  0 

Lime,  Minn 

Lime  Creek,  4c.,  Col.... 

Lime  Creek,  Ga 

Lime  Creek,  Iowa, 

Lime  Creek,  Iowa 

Lime  Lake,  Minn 

Limerick,  Me 

Limerick,  Pa 

Liniesink,  Ga 

Lime  Spring,  Iowa. 

Limestone,  Ark 

Limestone,  Fla 

Limestone,  III 

Limestone,  111 

LimeNtone,  Kan 

Limestone,  Me 

Limestone,  Minn 

Limestone,  N.C 

Limestone,  N.C 

Limestone,  Pa 

Limestone,  Pa 

Limestone,  Pa 

Limestone,  Pa 

Limestone,  Pa 

Limestone,  S.C 

Limington,  Me 

Limoii,  Col 

Lim  Rock,  Ala 

Lincklaen,  N.Y 

Lincoln,  Ark 

Lincoln,  Ark 

Lincoln,  Cal.. 

Lincoln,  Cal 

Lincoln,  Col 

Lincoln,  Col 

Lincoln,  Del 

Lincoln,  111.. „ 

Lincoln,  III 

Lincoln,  Ind 

Lincoln,  Ind 

Lincoln,  Ind 

Lincoln,  Ind 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  lown 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa. 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa. 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa 

Lincoln,  Iowa 


R^nkof 
place. 


poat-twp 

township 

ttiwnship 

post-town 

township 

|)06t-boro' 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

j)ost-twp 

village 

pogt-l»oro' 

post-prect 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

poet-yllt 

poet-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

townghip 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

mil-dlst 

township 

townghip 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

townghip 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

townghip 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

city 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Otter  Tail 

Clay 

Grant 

Noble 

Westmoreland 
Westmoreland. 

Las  Aniuuis , 

Anson 

Anson , 

Green , 

Custer , 

Harnett 

Pender 

Cambria 

Routt 

Piscataquis , 

Gordon 

Adams 

Adams 

Carnill 

Im  Grange 

I^a  Grange 

Washtenaw 

Beaver  Head... 

Livingston 

Livingston 

Allen 

Licking 

Delaware 

Grant 

Pepin 

Rock 

Sheboygan  

Stark 

Blue  Earth 

Pitkin 

Spalding 

Cerro  Gordo.... 
Washington.... 

Murray 

York 

Montgomery... 

Decatur 

Howard..., 

Franklin 

Wiilton 

Kankakee 

Peoria 

Jewell 

Aroostook 

Lino^lu 

Buncombe 

Duplin 

Clarion 

Lycoming 

Montour 

Union 

Wnrren..... 

Spartanburg.... 

York 

Lincoln 

Jackson..... 

Chenango 

Garland 

Newton 

Placer............ 

Sierra 

Pitkin 

Summit.... 

Sussex 

Logan 

Ogle 

Hendricks 

La  Porte 

Newton 

Saint  Joseph... 

Adair 

Adams 

Appanoose 

Audubon 

Black  Hawk... 
Buena  Vista.... 
Calhoun 


Cerro  Gordo.... 

Clay 

Clinton 

Dallas 

Emmet 

Grundy 

Hamilton 

Harrison 

Iowa 

.Tohnson 

Lucas 

Madison. ..„ 


Population. 


1880.      1800, 


109 


295 
2,010 
2,64« 

634 


2,420 

1U2 

1,30'J 


802 
08 


13 
907 

1,677 
260 
575 

l,33ti 
560 

1,021 


2,782 
1,878 
7.567 
l,80:i 

114 
1,154 

&X) 
1,09-1 
2,126 

164 

692 


668 

700 

1,802 

373 

1,253 

2,365 

1,69.5 

470 

364 

3.30 

915 

2,601 

702 

665 

201 

900 

1,203 

1,3.54 

1,241 

731 

880 

4-16 

3,88(1 

1,431 


275 
673 


234 

6,639 

1,334 

1,610 

524 

181 

1,390 

1,281 

756 

590 

367 

708 

127 

940 

670 

652 

345 

362 

691 


6.39 
395 
248 
830 
588 
1,062 
916 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  KETURNS  OF   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoin, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Iiincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoin, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 
Lincoln, 


Iowa 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Iowa 

low'a 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Iowa , 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan , 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Me 

Mugs 

Mich 

Mich 

Mich 

Mich 

Mich 

Mich 

Mich 

Mich 

Minn 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Neb 

Neb 

Neb 

Neb 

Neb 

Neb 

Neb 

Neb 

Neb 

Neb 

Neb 

Neb 

Neb 

Neb 

Neb 

N.H .., 

N.M 

N.D 

N.D , 

N.0............ 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townshi]) 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

city 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Mitchell 

Monona 

Montgomery... 

O'Brien 

I'age 

Plymouth 

Pocahontas 

I'olk 

Pottawattamie 

I'oweshiek 

Ringgold........ 

Scott 

Shelby 

Sioux 

Story 

Tama , 

Union , 

Warren 

Winnebago 

Winneshiek 

Worth 

Wright 

Anderson 

Butler.... 

Cloud 

Coffey 

Crawford 

Decatur , 

Dickinson 

Edwui-ds 

Ellsworth 

Franklin 

Grant 

Kiowa 

Lincoln 

Linn 

Neosho 

Norton 


Ottawa 

Pottawatomie.. 

Reno 

Republic 

Rice 

Russell , 

Sedgwick 

Smith 

Stafford , 

Stevens 

Washington 

Penobscot 

Middlesex 

Arenac , 

Berrien 

Huron 

Isabella 

Mason 

Midland 

Newaygo 

Osceola 

Blue  Earth 

Andrew 

Atchison 

Caldwell  .....;.., 

Christian .., 

Clark 

Dallas 

Daviess 

Douglas 

Grundy 

Harrison 

Holt 

Jasper , 

Lawrence.. 

Nodaway 

Putnam 

Antelope , 

Cha'ie , 

Colfax , 

Cuming 

Franklin , 

Furnas 

Gage 

Gosper. 

Jefferson 

Johnson 

Kearney 

Knox 

Lancaster 

Saline 

Washington 

Grafton 

Lincoln 

Bottineau 

Pembina 

Steele 


Population. 


954 
1,0.V2 
885 
23 
910 
315 
125 
1,218 
628 
889 
815 
966 
882 
517 
387 
624 
782 


992 
677 


SCO 

218 

2,251 


2,912 

"  "894 


302 
719 


42 
2,113 
1,228 


400 
459 
668 
730 
460 


371 


l,43f( 
1,059 

907 

27 

1,408 

230 
1,237 

140 

173 


902 

515 

1,737 

1,830 

896 

1,029 

1,856 

999 

846 

377 

1,170 

795 

761 

815 

1,086 

2,197 

1,285 


400 
165 


196 
668 
433 


13,003 
767 
671 
66 


781 

1,022 

801 

299 

1,042 

684 

396 

004 

688 

881 

730 

812 

936 

1,266 

827 

744 

779 

1,80!) 

283 

905 

802 

520 

794 

447 

400 

1,167 

2,490 

594 

1,274 

447 

306 

600 

460 

186 

1,100 

2,258 

1,018 

204 

714 

555 

433 

861 

756 

847 

709 

646 

501 

349 

74 

604 

1,756 

987 

1,007 

2,112 

532 

1,248 

171 

252 

695 

1,084 

458 

1,588 

1,945 

1,124 

1,353 

2,645 

1,309 

831 

711 

1,185 

813 

618 

821 

991 

2,219 

1,917 

235 

131 

1,152 

398 

498 

411 

518 

379 

641 

637 

1,495 

190 

65,154 

8:;9 

856 

110 

1,077 

252 

293 

lie 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Lincoln,  0 

Lincoln,  Ore 

Lincoln,  Pa 

Lincoln,  Pa 

Lincoln,  B.I 

Lincoln,  S.D 

Lincoln,  S.D 

Lincoln,  S.D 

Lincoln,  S.D 

Lincoln,  S.D 

Lincoln,  S.D 

Lincoln,  S.D 

Lincoln,  Vt 

Lincoln,  W.  Va 

Lincoln,  W.  Va 

Lincoln,  W.  Va 

Lincoln,  Wis 

Lincoln,  Wis 

Lincoln,  Wis 

Lincoln,  Wis 

Lincoln,  Wis 

Lincoln,  Wig 

Lincoln,  Wis 

Lincoln,  Wis 

Lincoln  Creek,  Wash. 

Lincolnton,  Ga 

Lincolnton,  Ga 

Lincolnton,  NO 

Lincolnton,  N.C 

Lincolnville,  Me 

Lincolnville,  S.C 

Lind,  N.D 

Lind,  Wis 

Linda.  Cal , 

Linda  Vista,  Cal 

Linden,  Ala 

Linden,  Col , 

Linden,  Iowa , 

Linden,  Mich , 

Linden,  Minn 

Linden,  Mo 

Linden,  N.J , 

Linden,  N.M , 

Linden,  N.D 

Linden,  Tenn , 

Linden,  Tex 

Linden,  Wis 

Linden,  Wis 

Linder,  III 

Lindina,  Wis 

Lindle,  Ky 

Lindley,  Ga 

Lindley,  Mo 

Lindley,  N.Y 

Lindsay,  Neb 

Lindsay,  Neb 

Lindsay,  Tenn 

Lindsborg,  Kan 

Lindsey,  Mo 

Liudsey,  0 

Line,  Neb 

Line  Fork,  Ky 

Linesville,  Pa 

Liiieville,  Ala 

Lineville,  Ala 

Lineville,  Iowa 

Linganore,  Md 

Lingo,  Mo 

Linkville,  Ore 

Linkville,  Ore 

Linkwood,  Md 

Linn,  111 

Linn,  Iowa 

Linn,  Iowa 

Linn,  Iowa 

Linn,  Iowa 

Linn,  Iowa 

Linn,  Kan... 

Linn,  Kan 

Linn,  Mo 

Linn,  Mo 

Linn,  Mo 

Linn,  Mo 

Linn,  Mo 

Linn,  S.D 

Linn,  Wis 

Linneus,  Me 

Linneus,  Mo 

Liuolenniville,  N.Y 

Linton,  Ga 

Linton,  Ind 

Linton,  Ind 

Linton,  Iowa 

Linton,  Ky 

Linton,  0 

Lin  villa,  N.C... 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

precinct 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post- vi  II 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

mag-dist 

niil.-dist 

towtiship 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

civil-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-bo  ro' 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

district 

post  twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

district 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 


County. 


Morrow 

Marion 

Alleghany 

Huntingdon... 

Providence 

Claik 

Douglas 

Hyde 

Lincoln 

McPherson 

Potter 

Sully 

Addison 

Marion 

Tyler 

Wayne 

Adams 

Buffalo 

Eau  Claire 

Kewaunee 

Monroe 

Polk 

Trempealeau.., 

Wood 

Lewis 

Lincoln 

Lincoln 

Lincoln 

Lincoln 

Waldo 

Berkeley........ 

Grand  Forks... 

Waupaca 

Yuba 

San  Diego 

Marengo 

Arapahoe 

Winnebago 

Genesee 

Brown 

Christian 

Union 

Donna  Ana 

Cavalier 

Perry 

Cass 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Greene 

Juneau 

Union 

Walton 

Mercer , 

Steuben 

Knox 

Platte 

Campbell 

McPherson 

Benton , 

Sandusky 

Webster 

Letcher 

Crawford 

Clay 

Clay 

Waynd 

Frederick 

Macon 

Klamath 

Klamath 

Dorchester 

Woodford 

Cedar , 

Dallas 

Linn ... 

Marshall 

Warren 

Washington 

Wichita 

Cedar 

Christian 

Dent 

Moniteau 

Osage 

Hand 

Walworth 

Aroostook 

Linn 

Richmond 

Hancock 

Greene 

Vigo 

Allamakee 

Trigg 

Coshocton 

Burke 


Population. 


1880.     1890, 


001 

499 

1,646 

004 

13,766 


1,368 

2,084 

1,785 

2,259 

434 

673 

1,481 

1,147 

975 

557 

803 

632 


1,1.33 

7(1 
2,698 

708 
1,705 

350 


978 
359 


1,975 


670 

731 

1,050 

1,889 


1,990 
571 


1,062 
1,039 
990 
1,695 
1,503 


644 

406 

1,921 

409 


547 

65(1 

1,169 


622 

1,439 

1,287 

737 

250 

1,275 

912 

457 

990 

985 

291 


2,576 

545 

433 

2,432 

1,804 


823 
917 
860 
134 


1,648 
745 


1,918 
839 


145 


CttTiSS,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINQA  OIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETUBJ^S  OF  1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  ajid 


Unrllle,  N.C..„ 

Uiivill...  Vh....»...^.... 

UuwihmI,  A1».~ 

Linwood,  Kikn 

Unwood,  Miun 

Unwood,  Net 

Unwood,  Neb ^ 

Lin  wood,  M.J 

UBwood,  O „ 

lln»-w>d,  Wl»..„ 

li|>l»,  Vh 

Lisbon,  Conn 

LMkjii,  III 

LUlun,  Iiiwa. 

Liaiion,  M« 

LUbon,  Mich. 

Uabou,  Miiiu 

Itiabon,  Neb 

Lisbon,  N.IL „^ 

LUbon,  N.Y 

Lial>on,  N.O. ».... 

LltboM,  N.D 

Lisbon,  S.C ,.. 

Liabon,  SD 

Liibon,  Vii 

Li»bon,  Wis 

Lisbon,  Wis 

Lisbon  Falls,  Me 

Li«co,  Neb 

Lisco,  Neb 

Lisconib,  Iowa 

Lisconil),  Iowa 

Lisle,  III 

Lisle,  N.Y 

LUIe,  N.Y 

Lisinore,  Minn 

Liitton,  Iowa 

titeker.  N.C 

Litcbfiold,  Conn 

Litclifield,  CouD 

Litcbfioia,  III 

Litchfieia,  Kan 

Litcbtielil,  Me 

Litcli  field,  Mich 

LiUhrtild,  Mich 

Litcliflelil,  Minn 

LitcbHeld,  Minn 

Litchfield,  N.H 

Litchfield,  N.Y 

Litchfield,  0 

Litchfield,  Pa 

Litchville,  N.D 

Lithis  Springs,  Ga 

Litlionia,  Ga 

Lithon  a,  Ga 

Lithopolis,  0 

Lltltz,  Pa.. 

Little  Ttass,  Ark 

Little  Uayou  Sde,  La... 

Little  Heaver,  Pa 

Little  niack.  Ark 

Little  RIack,  4c.,  Wis... 
Little  niackfoot,  Idaho 

Little  Itlaine.  Ky 

Little  Uliie,  Kan 

Little  Blue,  Neb 

Little  UritaiD,  Pa 

Little  Butte,  Ore 

Little  Caiuas,  Idaho 

Little  Cana,  Kan 

Little  Chute,  Wis 

Little  Coharie,  N.C 

Little  Cunipton,  R.I 

Little  Cottonwood, 

Utah 

Little  Creek,  Del  

Little  Crvek,  Del 

Little  Creek,  Del 

LiUle  Creek,  Ya 

Little  Egg  Harbor.N.J. 

Little  Elk,  Ore 

Little  Falls,  Minn 

Liitle  Falls,  Minn 

Little  Falls,  N.J 

Little  Falls,  NY 

Little  Falls,  N.Y _ 

Little  Falls,  Wash 

Little  Fulls,  Wis. 

Littlefield,  Mich 

Little  Fork,  Ky 

Little  Grant,  Wis 

Little  HickniRns  Ky 

Little  Jennie  Mine, 

Mont 

Little  Lake,  Cal 

liU\e  Mackinaw,  III.... 

146 


Rank  of 
place. 


puat-twp 
niag.-dist 
post'prect 

I  |>OSt-Vlll 

!  post'twp 
township 
post  viU 
poet-boro' 
po«t-vill 
township 
inag.Hllst 
township 
]>ost-twp 
pu«t-t<iwn 
jiost-town 
post-vill 
township 
precinct 
post-town 

|K)8t-tOWn 

jwst-twp 

|>08t-vill 

township 

township 

niag.-dUt 

township 

township 

post-vlll 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

l>o8t-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post  horo' 

city 

post-vill 

lK)st-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

iwst-vill 

township 

post-town 

posttwp 

|)08t-twp 
JHlSt-tWp 

post-town 

mil.-diKt 

j)ost-vill 

post-vill 

poat-boro' 

township 

ward 

township 

township 

posttwp 

precinct 

niti^.-diKt 

township 

township 

posttwp 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

hundred 

post-vill 

Imndred 

mag.-dUt 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

township 

towiuhip 


Oknoty. 


Mitchell 

Kockingham.... 

Pike 

Leavenworth... 

Anoka 

Butler. 

Bntlur. 

.Ulantlc 

Hamilton 

Portage. 

Wise 

New  London.... 

Kendall 

Linn 

Androacoggin. . 

Kent 

Yellow  Mod 

Perkins 

Grafton 

Saint  Lawrence 

Sampson 

Hansom 

Darlington 

Davison 

Bedford 

Juneau 

Waukeaha 

Androscoggin... 

Cheyenne 

Deuel 

Marshall 

Marshall 

Du  Page 

Broome 

Broome 

Nobles.™ 

Woodbury 

Kowan 

Litchfield 

Litchfield 

Montgomery.... 

Crawford 

Kennebec 

Hill-dale 

Hillsdale 

Meeker 

Meeker 

Hillsborough.... 

Herkimer 

Medina 

Bradford 

La  Moure 

Douglas 

De  Kalb 

De  Kalb 

Fairfield 

Laiicaoter 

Sebastian 

Sabine 

Lawrence 

Randolph 

Taylor 

Bingham 

Lawrence 

Washington 

Adams 

Lancaster 

Jackson 

Elmore 

Chautauqua 

Outagamie 

Sampson 

Newport 


Salt  Lake.... 

Kent 

Kent 

Sussex 

Franklin.... 
Burlington.. 

Benton 

Morrison 

Morrison 

Passaic 

Herkimer... 
Herkimer... 

Lewis 

Monroe 

Emmet 

Elliott 

Grant 

Jessamine... 


Lewis  &  Clarke 
Mendocino . 
Tazewell^... 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,180 

4,182 

OK) 


227 
1,078 


723 

406 

l,:«»l 

C3U 

-7« 

2,r>41 

124 

673 


1,807 
4,297 
1,590 


2,22o 


4,231 

491 

1,437 


1,127 

462 

1,819 

2,399 

429 

119 

406 

1,944 

3,410 

452 

326 


1,310 
1,958 
1,029 

498 
1,250 

291 
1,218 

853 
1,159 


1,169 
266 
404 

1,113 


365 
1,282 
1,574 

763 


1,231 
l,5;i« 

841 
1,574 

567 


1,481 
1,202 

300 
1,878 

202 
3,4.i7 
1,663 
1,881 


484 

608 

1,404 

6,913 

6,910 


705 

266 

1,174 

718 


1,516 
1^75 


1,410 

4,210 

686 

300 

242 

943 

309 

636 

1,291 

368 

2,320 

648 

1,112 

1,079 

3,120 

136 

682 

387 

2,060 

3,809 

1,762 

935 

2,693 

1C4 

3,885 

444 

1,443 

1,585 

20 

61 

980 

313 

1,794 

1,962 

421 

328 

1,099 

1,452 

3,i(i4 

1,058 

5,811 

888 

1,126 

1,714 

001 

501 

1,899 

252 

l,(t55 

807 

946 

210 

290 

2,493 

1,182 

369 

1,494 

710 

351 

1,193 

2,111 

1,131 

248 

1,275 

765 

517 

1,590 

726 

45 

924 

380 

1,904 

1,128 

70 

1,722 

285 

4,511 

1,762 

1,771 

198 

217 

2,354 

1,890 

7,512 

8,783 

440 

993 

343 

1,788 

688 

632 

74 
1,048 
1,561 


Ifame  of  place  and 


Little  Malianoy,  Pa 

Little  .Manatee,  Fla 

Little  Meadows,  Pa 

Little  Pine  Creek,  N.C. 
Little  Pot  Latch,  Idaho 

Little  Prairie,  Mo 

Little  River,  Ark 

Little  River,  Ark 

LiUle  River,  Ark 

Little  River,  Cal 

Little  River,  Ga 

Little  River,  Ga 

Little  River,  Kan 

Little  River,  Kan 

Little  River,  Mo 

Little  River,  N.C 

Little  River,  N.C 

Little  River,  N.C 

Little  River,  N.C 

Little  River,  N.C 

Little  River,  N.C 

Little  River,  N.C 

Little  River,  S.C 

Little  River,  Va 

Little  River,  Wis 

Little  Rock,  Ark 

Little  Rock,  111 

Little  Rock,  Minn 

Little  Rock  Creek,  N.C. 

Little  Salt,  Neh 

Little  Sauk,  Minn 

Little  Sioux,  Iowa 

Little  Sioux,  Iowa 

Little  Sioux,  Iowa 

Little  Smoky,  Idaho.... 
Little  South  Fork,  Ac, 

Ky 

Littlestown,  Pa 

Little  Suaraico,  Wis.. 

Littleton,  Col 

Littleton,  III 

Littleton,  Me 

Littleton,  Mas8.„...... 

Littleton,  N.H 

Littleton,  N.C 

Littleton,  N.C 

Littleton,  N.C 

Little  Ti averse,  Mich 
Little  Valley,  Kan.... 
Little  Valley,  NY.... 
Little  Valley,  N.Y... . 
Little  Walnut,  Kan... 

Little  Wolf,  Wis 

Little  Wood  River, 

Idaho 

Little  Yadkin,  N.C... 

Little  York,  Cal 

Little  York,  Neb 

Lively  Grove,  III 

Live  Oak,  Fla 

Live  Oak,  Fla 

Livermore,  Cal 

Livermore,  Col , 

Livermore,  Iowa 

Livermore,  Ky 

Livermore,  Ky 

Livermore,  Me 

Livermore,  N.H 

Livermore,  Pa , 

Liverpool,  III , 

Liverpool,  Kan 

Liver|x)ol,  N.Y 

Liverpool,  0 

Liver|KX)l,0 

Liverpool,  0 

LiverixKjl,  Pa , 

Liverpool,  Pa , 

Livingston,  Ala. 

LiviD);ston,  Ala 

Livingston,  Ala 

Livingston,  Ga 

Livingston,  Ky 

Livingston,  Mich 

Livingston,  Miss 

Livingston,  Mont 

Livingston,  N..I 

Livingston,  N.Y 

Livingston,  Tenn , 

Livingston,  Va 

Livonia,  lad 

Livonia,  Mich 

Livonia,  Minn ■ 

Livonia,  N.Y 

Livonia  Station,  N.Y 

Lizard,  Iowa 

Llanos,  Kan 


Rank  of 

place. 


township 

precinct 

|>oet-boro' 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

t>ost-twp 

lownaliip 

township 

jKist-town 

mll.-dlHt 

mll.-dlit 

township 

|xut-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

jiosl-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

city 

jiosttwp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-bo  ro' 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

|)o8t-prect 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

ixist-boro' 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-boro' 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

mag-dist 

township 

post-beat 

city 

post  twp 

post-town 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 


County. 


Nortlnimberl'd 
Hillsborough... 
Susquehanna... 

Madison 

Latah 

Pemiscot 

Little  River 

Mississippi 

Poinsett 

Mendocino 

Cherokee 

Milton 

Reno 

Rice 

Pemiscot 

Alexander 

Caldwell 

Cumberland 

Montgomery.... 

Oningo 

Transylvania..., 

Wake 

IIorry_ 

Floyd 

Oconto 

Pulaski 

Kendall 

Nobles 

Mitchell 

Lancaster 

Todd 

Harrison 

Harrison 

Woodbury 

Alturas 


Casey 

Adams 

Oconto 

Arapahoe 

Schuyler 

Aroost(X)k 

Middlesex 

Grafton.. 

Halilax 

Halifax 

Warren 

Emmet 

McPlierson.... 
Cattaraugus.. 
Cattaraugus.. 

Butler 

Waupaca 


Logan 

Yadkin 

Nevada 

Loup 

Washington....- 

Suwannee 

Suwannee 

Alameda 

Larimer 

Humboldt , 

McLean 

McLean 

Androscoggin.. 

Grafton 

Westmoreland. 

Fulton 

Stanton 

Onondago 

Columbiana 

Medina 

Medina. 

Perry 

Perry 

Cullman 

Sumter 

Sumter 

Floyd 

Rock  Castle 

Olsego 

Madison 

Park 

Essex 

Columbia 

Overton 

Spottsylvania... 

Washington 

Wayne 

Sherburne 

Livingston 

Livingston 

Pocahontas 

Sbemuin 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 

326 
'""l69 


1,<|$0 
630 

2,M9 
142 


220 
768 

1,065 
484 
532 

2,178 
705 

2,aiC 

1,254 

2,592 

695 

13,138 

2,711 
32f) 
388 
493 
363 

l,0:ifl 
309 
878 


913 
942 


1,000 
904 
994 

2,936 

2,790 
113 
111 

1,029 
435 

1,196 
550 
74« 

1,342 


581 
1,031 


2,282 
458 
855 


168 
1,481 

399 
1,262 

103 

164 
1,302 


i,;«o 

6,229 

l,:«9 

198 
825 
838 
408 

3,776 
T.iii 

1,677 


G26 
6,002 


1,401 
2,060 

312 
2,993 

211 
1,6:J8 

321 
3,119 

688 

537 


CITIES,  TOAVNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
Dtate. 


Ijlewellyn,  S.D , 

Lloyd,  luwa 

Eloyd,  N.Y 

Joa,  Utiih 

I^achapoka,  Ala 

Loachapoka,  Ala 

i^mm,  N.D 

Loam!,  Ill 

Loanii,  HI 

ijobelville,  Tenn 

ijobster,  Ore 

liochleveu,  Va 

Locke,  Iiid 

I^ke,  Mich 

I^ke,  N.Y 

liocke,  N.C 

Lockeford,  Cal 

Lockesburg,  Ark 

Lockett,  Va 

Lockhart,  Ga 

Lockhart,  Iiid 

Lockliait,  Blinn 

Lockhart,  Tex 

Lock  Haven,  Pa 

Lockington,  0 

Luckland,  0 , 

Lpckport,  111 

Lockiwrt,  III 

Lockport,  Kan 

Lockport,  Ky 

Lockport,  Ky..... 

Lockport,  Mich., 

Lockport,  N.Y 

Lockport,  N.Y 

Lockport,  Pa 

Lockriilge,  Iowa 

Lockridge,  Neb 

Lock  .Spring,  Mo 

Lockville,  0 

Lock  wood.  Mo 

Lockwood,  Mo 

Lockwood,  S.D 

Lockwood  Folly,  N.C... 

Loco,  Kan 

Locust,  HI 

Locust,  Ky 

Locust,  Pa 

Locust  Bayou,  Ark 

Locust  Creek,  Mo 

Locust  Dale,  Va 

Locust  Grove,  Ark 

Locust  Grove,  Gii 

Locust  Grove,  Ga 

Locust  (irove,  Iowa 

Locust  Grove,  Iowa 

Locust  Grove,  Va 

Locust  Hill,  N.C 

Loda,  111 

Loda,  111 

Loda,  Kun , 

Lodema,  N.D 

Lodge  Pole,  Neb 

Lodgetowu,  Ky 

Lodi,  Cal 

Lodi,  Mich 

Lodi,  Minn 

Lodi,  Miss 

Lodi,  N.J 

Lodi,  N.Y 

Lodi,  0 

Lodi,  0 

Lodi,  S.D 

Lodi,  AVis 

Lodi,  Wis 

Lodoniillo,  Iowa 

Logan,  Ark 

Logan,  Ark.. 

Logan,  Ark 

Logan,  Col 

Logan,  Col..... 

Logan,  III 

Logan,  HI 

Logan, Ind 

Logan,  Ind 

Logan,  Ind ., 

Logan,  Iowa 

Logan,  Iowa < 

Logan,  Iowa 

Logan,  Iowa , 

Logan,  Iowa , 

Logan.  Iowa 

Logan,  Iowa 

Logan,  Iowa 

Logan,  Kan 

Logan,  Kan 

Logan,  Kan... 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

|)recinct 

poBt-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vlll 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

[xjst  town 

mag.-dist 

niil.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

city 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

city 

borough 

post-twp 

township 

Ix)8t-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

lK)St-vill 

township 

township 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post- beat 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post  town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County, 


Sully. 

Dickinson 

Ulster 

Pi  Ute 

Lee , 

Lee 

Cavalier. 

Sangamon 

Sangamon 

Perry 

Benton 

Lunenburg , 

Elkhart 

Ingham , 

Cayuga 

Rowan ' 

San  Joaquin 

Sevier 

Prince  Edward 

Bulloch 

Pike 

Norman 

Caldwell 

Clinton 

Shelby 

Hamilton- 

Will 

Will 

Haskell 

Henry 

Henry 

Saint  Joseph.... 

Niagara., 

Niagara 

Erie „.. 

Jefferson 

York 

Daviess 

Fairfield 

Dade 

Dade 

Roberts 

Brunswick 

Haskell 

Christian 

Carroll 

Columbia 

Calhoun 

Linn , 

Madison 

Stone 

Henry 

Henry 

Fremont 

Jefferson 

Floyd 

Caswell 

Iroquois 

Iroquois 

Reno 

Pembina 

Cheyenne 

Fulton 

San  Joaquin 

Washtenaw 

Mower 

Montgomery.... 

Bergen 

Seneca 

Athens 

Medina 

Spink 

Columbia 

Columbia 

Clayton 

Baxter 

Independence., 

Logan , 

Arapahoe 

Conejos 

Peoria 

Pope 

Dearborn , 

Fountain , 

Pike 

Calhoun 

Clay , 

Harrison 

Ida 

Lyon 

Marshall 

Sioux 

Winnebago 

Allen 

Barton 

Butler 


Population. 


105 
2,713 


1,785 
408 


1,550 
30(5 


1,889 
1,365 
1,494 
1,141 
1,303 
322 
2oG 
2,127 
1,350 
2,460 


718 
5,845 

219 
1,884 
3,260 
1,679 


2,186 
139 

3,464 

2,847 

13,.'>22 

345 

1,478 


1,245 


1,329 
1,019 
2,014 

326 
2,155 
4,405 

892 
1,097 


772 
1,410 
2,769 
1,954 
1,427 
635 
388 


97 
1,217 

606 
1,377 

519 
2,046 
4,071 
1,947 
1,5.50 

437 


1,462 

723 

1,332 


1,055 


1,(H6 

845 

8:58 

2,687 

1,097 

144 


644 
226 


422 
446 


57 

210 

2,516 

411 

l,6;t2 

357 

551 

1,542 

383 

171 

146 

1,791 

989 

1,265 

1,001 

1,262 

472 

451 

2,012 

2,009 

2,220 

182  I 

1,233 

7,3i8  I 

170  I 

2,474 

4,088 

2,449 

109 

1,603 

152 

3,872 

2,773 

16,038 

240 

1,248 

704 

212 

80 

1,274 

633 

119 

1,456 

107 

1,254 

1,067 

1,973 

502 

1,922 

3,826 

522 

1,448 

255 

754 

1,266 

2,950 

1,872 

1,3-2:5 

598 

541 

386 

670 

1,298 

1,013 

1,264 

529 

2,128 

5,l:!l 

1,694 

1,:590 

568 

276 

1,375 

736 

l,3ai 

511 

341 

642 

327 

94 

1,332 

862 

772 

2,825 

1,226 

544 

202 

827 

606 

252 

948 

789 

424 

S56 

514 

410 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Logan,  Kan 

Logan,  Kun , 

Logan,  Kan 

Logan,  Kan 

Logan,  Kan 

Logan,  Kan 

Logan,  Kan 

Logan,  Kan 

Logan,  Kan 

Logan,  Kan 

Logan,  Kan 

Logan,  Kan 

Logan,  Kan 

Logan,  Kan 

Logan,  Kan 

Logan,  Kan 

Logan,  Kan 

Logan,  Kan 

I.ogan,  Kan 

Logan,  Kan 

Logan,  Kan 

Logan,  Mich 

Loj-an,  Minn 

Logan,  Mo 

Logan,  Mo 

Logan,  Mo 

Logan,  Neb 

Logan,  Neb 

Logan,  Neb 

Logan,  Neb 

Logan,  Neb 

Logan,  Neb 

Logan,  Neb.. 

Logan,  Neb 

Logan,  Neb 

Logan,  Neb 

Logan,  Neb 

Logan,  Neb 

Logan,  Neb 

Logan,  Neb 

Logan,  Neb 

Logan,  Neb 

Logan,  Neb 

Logan,  Neb 

Logan,  Neb , 

Logan,  Neb 

Logan,  Neh. 

Logan,  Neb 

Logan,  Neb 

Logan,  Neb 

Logan,  N.J 

Logan,  N.D 

Logan,  N.D 

Logan,  N.D 

Logan,  N.D 

Logan,  0.. 

Logan,  0 

Logan,  I^ 

Logan,  Pa , 

Logan,  Pa 

Logan,  S.D 

Logan,  S.D 

Logan,  S.D 

Logan,  S.D 

Logan,  S.D 

Logan,  S.D , 

Logan,  S.D 

Logan,  S.D 

Logan,  S.D 

Logan,  Utah 

Logan,  Utah 

Logan,  W.  Va 

Logansport,  Ind 

Logansport,  Kan 

Logansport,  La 

Logan's  Store,  N.C 

Logansville,  Pa 

Logaiiton,  Pa 

Loganville,  Ga 

Logtown,  Miss 

Lohrville,  Iowa 

Lola,  Kan 

Lola,  Ky 

Loma  Parda,  N.M 

Lomaviganuite,  Alaska 

Lombard,  III. 

Lomira,  Wis 

Lompoc,  Cal 

Lonaconing,  Md 

Loudon,  Kan 

London,  Ky 

London,  Ky 

London,  Mich,... 

London,  Minn 

London,  Neb 

Loudon,  0 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

Ijrecinct 

cily 

mag.-dist 

city 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

borough 

post-bo  ro' 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

hamlet 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

district 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-prect 

city 


County, 


Comanche 

Decatur 

Dickinson 

Edwards 

Gray 

Lincoln 

Marion 

Marshall 

Meade 

Mitchell 

Ottawa 

Pawnee 

Phillips 

Phillips 

Pratt 

Rawlins 

Rooks 

Sheridan 

Sherman 

Smith 

Washington.. 

Ogemaw 

Grant 

Christian , 

Reynolds 

Wayne , 

Adams 

Antelope 

Buffalo 

Chase 

Clay 

Cuming 

Dawson 

Dixon 

Dodge 

Franklin 

Frontier 

Gage 

Greeley 

Hayes 

Hitchcock 

Howard 

Kearney , 

Keith 

Knox 

Logan 

Pierce 

Sheridan 

Sherman 

Wayne , 

Gloucester 

Burleigh 

Grand  Forks., 

La  Moure 

Traill 

Auglaize 

Hocking 

Blair 

Clinton 

Hiiniingdon-, 

Beadle 

Campbell 

Clark 

Hand 

Hughes 

Jerauld 

Minnehaha. .. 

Potter 

Sanborn 

Cache.... 

Cache 

Logan 

Cass 

Logan.... 

De  Soto 

Rulherford.... 

York 

Clinton 

Walton 

Hancock 

Calhoun 

Cherokee 

Livingston 

Mora 


DuPage 

Dodge 

Santa  Barbara. 

Alleghany 

Sumner 

Butler 

Laurel 

Monroe 

Freeborn 

Nemaha 

Uadiaou 


Population. 


1880.     1890. 


665 
1,198 


1,159 
1,156 


1,765 


1,206 

2,666 

4,590 

959 

611 


3,396 
.3,;596 
1,769 
11,198 


1,631 
312 
423 
242 


1,052 


378 
1,845 

226 
2,808 

743 


2,438 

1,408 

614 

699 

3,067 

U7 


154 

486 
853, 
145, 
302 
400, 
563- 
840. 
205 
677 
663 
172 
701 
390 
278. 
327 

425: 

25l 

325' 

597 

688 

59 

126 

411 

1,781 

1,413 

324 

512 

311 

191 

707 

526 

367 

676 

673 

342 

384 

670 

265 

243. 

24:) 

420 

477 

271 

247 

325 

196 

282 

&iQ 

415 

1,523 

5 

10% 

20 

263 

1,369 

3,119 

7,688 

938 

586 

227 

94 

158 

99 

47 

132 

407 

165 

215 

4,620 

4,565 

2,746 

13,328 

199 

281 

1,797 

296 

385 

338 

353 

4:J5 

1,304 

634 

237 

63 

615 

1,816 

1,015 

2,763 

785 

2,260 

4,119 

1,:515 

664 

669 

3,313 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Kune  of  place  and 


Iiondon  Britain,  Pa 

Londonderry,  N.H 

Ijondunderry,  O 

liundondcrry,  !*a 

LotiduiKlrrry,  I'a. 

Lundunilrrry,  I'a 

Liindoiiderry,  Pa 

Londonderry,  Vt 

London  Grorc.  Pa. 

London  Mltla,  III 

Lon<'  Cone,  Col 

Lone  Kim,  Kan 

Lone  Grove,  III 

Lone  Hill,  Ark 

Lone  Oak,  Ga. 

Lone  Oak,  Mo 

Lone  Oak,  Tex 

Lone  Pine,  Ark 

Lone  Pine,  Neb 

Lone  Rock,  Ore 

Lone  Rock,  a  D 

Lone  Rock,  Wis. 

Lone  Star,  Kan 

Lone  Tree,  Iowa 

Lone  Tree,  Kan 

Lone  Tree,  Kan... 

Lone  Tree,  Minn 

Lone  Tree,  Neb 

Lone  Tree,  Neb 

Lone  Tree,  Neb 

Long  Acre,  N.C 

Long  Bar,  C&l 

Long  Beach,  Cal 

Long  Itench,  Cal 

Long  Hninch,  III 

Long  Branch,  N.J 

Long  iSranch,  Va 

Long  Cane,  Ga 

Long  Cane,  S  C 

Long  Creek,  Ark 

Long  Creek,  Ark 

Long  Creek,  Ark... 

Long  Creek,  III 

Long  Creek,  Iowa 

Long  Creek,  N.C 

lA)ng  Creek,  N.C 

Long  Creek,  Ore 

Long  Creek,  Ore 

Long  Dale,  Vh 

Long  Island,  Kan 

Long  Island  City,  N.Y. 

Long  L4ike,  Mich 

Long  Lake,  Mich 

liong  Lake,  Minn 

Long  Lake,  Minn 

Long  Lake,  N.Y 

Long  Lake,  N.D 

Long  Lake,  Wis 

Long  Marsh,  Va 

Long  Meadow,  Mass.... 

Longniont,  Col 

Longmont,  Col 

Longniont,  Col.... 

Long  Pine,  Neb 

Long  Pine,  Neb 

Long  Point,  III 

Long  Prairie,  Minn 

Long  Prairie,  Minn 

Long  Prairie,  Mo 

Long  Itapids,  Mich 

Long  Ridge,  Cal 

Long  Springs,  Neb 

Longstreet,  Ga 

Long  Swamp,  Pa, 

Long  Tom,  Ore 

Longton,  Kan 

Longton,  Kan 

Longneville,  La. 

Long  Valley,  Cal 

Long  View,  Ark 

Longview,  Ind 

Long  View,  Ky 

Longview,  Tex 

Longwood,  Fla 

Longwood,  Mo 

Ijonoke,  Ark 

Lonoke,  Ark 

Loogootee,  Ind 

Looking  Glass,  111 

Looking  Glass,  Ore 

Lookout,  Kan 

Lookout,  N.M 

Lookout  Mountain,  Ga. 

Loomis,  8.D 

Lootiey,  Bio 

Loorey  Tavern,  Ala..... 

148 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 
|K)«t-town 

JHJSt-tWJ) 

township 

pi>«t-tW|( 

lowiisliip 
township 
|KMit-town 

JKMit-tWp 

IHtst-vill 

precinct 

IK)8t-twp 

township 

township 

niil.-di«t 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

mii.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post  twp 

township 

township 

|K)8t-tWp 

precinct 

post-town 

piist-vill 

post-twp 

city 

township 

town.«hip 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

(lost-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

|)ost-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

village 

township 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

poet-twp 

township 

post-vill 

Jx>8t-town 

township 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

niil.-dist 

township 

township 

precinct 


County. 


Chester 

Rockingham... 

Oufrnbey 

Bedford 

('heater 

Uanphln 

Lebanon 

Windham 

Chester 

Fulton 

San  Miguel 

Anderson 

Fayette 

Hot  Spring 

Meriwether 

Bates 

Hunt 

Lincoln 

Banner 

Gilliam 

Moody , 

Richland 

Rnsh 

Clay 

McPherson...... 

Pottawatomie.. 

Chippewa , 

Clay 

Oawes 

Merrick 

Beaufort 

Yuba. 

Los  Angeles 

Los  Angeles 

Saline. 

Monmouth 

Franklin 

Troup 

Abbeville 

Boone 

Carroll 

Clark 

Macon 

Decatur 

Mecklenburg ... 

Pender 

Grant 

Grant 

Alleghany 

Phillips 

Queene 

Grand  Traverse 

Osceola 

Crow  Wing 

Watonwan 

Hamilton 

Burleigh 

Washburn 

Clarke 

Hampden 

Boulder 

Boulder 

Weld 

Brown 

Rock 

Livingston 

Todd 

Todd 

Mississippi 

Alpena 

Trinity 

Banner 

Elbert 

Berks 

Lane 

Elk 

Elk 

La  Fourche 

Mendocino 

Ashley 

Montgomery... 

Christian 

Gregg 

Orange 

Pettis 

Lonoke 

Lonoke 

Martin 

Clinton 

Douglas 

Ellis 

Lincoln 

Walker 

Hyde 

Polk 

Wionon. 


PppuUtton. 


021 
1,363 
1,320 
1,V!33 

727 
2,024 
2,4M 
1,164 
2,148 


1,027 


1,497 

1,244 

79 

682 


329 


380 


85 

1,139 

676 

128 

644 


1,319 

2,0G8 

597 


1,152 
3,8;t3 
1,947 
1,334 
2,138 
48G 
674 


1,377 

795 

1,91;- 

1,392 

150 


633 

17,129 

454 


369 
324 


1,260 
1,401 


773 


1,12.5 
670 
220 
927 
891 
241 


96C 
3,426 

356 
1,862 

265 

101 


385 

7s 

3,182 

1,626 


969 
1,874 
659 
885 
1,916 
768 
262 


395 


2,117 


607 

1,220 

1,244 

l.Cll 

671 

2,381 

2,679 

1,010 

2,613 

061 

67 

864 

947 

403 

2,293 

841 

443 

763 

160 

221 

272 

342 

384 

620 

1,089 

630 

185 

1,075 

204 

2,327 

2,233 

480 

l.Oil 

564 

928 

7,231 

1,892 

982 

2,265 

518 

936 

147 

1,3.53 

994 

1,925 

1,080 

533 

60 

810 

877 

30,506 

492 

218 

249 

538 

580 

17 

118 

1,413 

2,183 

1,987 

1,543 

244 

662 

172 

1,129 

?800 

f40G 

1,132 

817 

261 

388 

1,016 

3,007 

318 

1,225 

624 

228 

7<iO 

364 

110 

977 

2,034 

57 

l,ft32 

2,491 

SfiH 

988 

1,806 

349 

364 

406 

68H 

70 

2,-'?85 

846 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Loper,  Island,  Wash.... 

Loruln,  Minn 

Lorain,  0 

Loraine,  III 

Loralue,  111 

Loraine,  Neb 

Loraine,  Wis , 

Loraniie,  0 

lA)ramie's,  0 

Loran,  III 

Lorance,  Mo 

Lordsburg,  N.M , 

Lordsliurg,  N.M , 

I>ordstown,  O 

Lorenz,  Kan 

Loretta,  N.D 

Loretto,  Ky 

Lorctto,  Pa 

Lorin,  Cal 

Loring,  Alaska 

Lorraine,  G« 

Lorraine,  N.Y 

Los  Alamos,  N.M 

Los  Alamositos,  N.M... 

Los  Angeles,  Cal 

Los  Angeles,  Cal 

Los  Candelaries,  N.M.. 

Los  Cenof,  N.M 

Los  Chavez,  N.M 

LosColunias,  N.M 

Los  Dispensos,  N.M 

Los  Esteritos,  N.M 

Los  Fuertes,  N.M 

Los  Gatos.Cal 

Los  Gri egos,  N.M 

Los  Lentes,  N.M 

Los  Lnnas,  N.M 

Los  Nietos,  Cal 

LosOjos,  N.M 

Los  Padillas,  N.M 

Los  Pinos,  ("ol 

Los  Pinos,  Col 

Los  Pinos,  N.M 

Los  Kanchos,  N.M 

Lostant,  111 

Lost  Creek,  Ala 

Lost  Creek,  Ind 

Lost  Creek,  Ky 

Lost  Creek,  Mo 

Lost  Creek,  Neb 

Lost  Creek,  Neb 

Lost  Creek,  0 

Lost  Grove,  Iowa 

Lostine,  Ore 

Lost  Island,  Iowa. 

Lost  Nation,  Iowa 

Lost  Torres,  N.M 

Lost  Prairie,  Ark 

Lost  Prairie,  Ore 

Lost  River,  Ind 

Lost  River,  Ore 

Lost  River,  W.  Va 

Lost  Springs,  Kan 

Lost  Valley,  Ore 

Los  Vigiles,  N.M 

Los  Yutas,  N.M 

Lotts,  Iowa 

Lottsliurg,  Va 

Lott's  Creek,  Iowa 

Louden,  III 

Loudon,  Ky 

Loudon,  N.U 

London,  0 

Loudon,  O 

Loudon,  Tenn 

Loudon,  Tenn 

Loudon,  W.  Va 

Loudonville,  O 

Louergon,  Neb 

LOuina,  Ala 

Louisa,  Ky 

Louisa,  Ky 

Louisa,  Va 

Louislmrg,  Kan 

Louisburg,  Kan 

Lonisliurg,  N.C 

Louisburg,  N.C 

Louisiana,  Ark 

Louisiana,  Mo 

Louisville,  Ala 

Louisville,  Ala 

Louisville,  Col 

Louisville,  Col 

Louisville,  Ga 

Louisville,  Ga 

Lonisville,  111 


Rank  of 
place. ' 


post-prect 

township 
post-vill 

JKJSt-Vill 

toMnship 

post-prect 

jiost-twp 

township 

post-vill 

ix)st-twp 

township 

precinct 

jx>st-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

ixjstboro' 

|K)8ttOWn 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post  town 

jirecinct 

jirecinct 

township 

city 

pTecinct 

precinct 

precinct 

|)recinct 

precimt 

precinct 

precinct 

jxist-town 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-twp 

precinct 

Jirecinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

I)OSt-prect 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

|)recinct 

mag.-dist 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

townfihip 

mag.-dixt 

township 

township 

precinct 

post  town 

township 

township 

civil-dist 

post  town 

niag.-ilist 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

jiost-vill 

township 

city 

precinct 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 


Ooanty. 


San  Juan...... 

NoMe* 

Lorain 

Adams 

Henry 

Banner 

Polk 

Shelby 

Shelby 

Stephenson..., 

Bollinger 

Grant 

Grant , 

Trumbull 

Garfield 

Grand  Forks. 

Marion 

Cambria 

Alameda , 


Rockdale 

Jefferson 

San  Miguel 

San  Miguel 

Los  Angeles..,.. 

Los  Angeles 

Bernalillo 

Valencia 

Valencia 

San  Miguel 

San  Mijuiuel 

San  Miguel.  .... 

San  Miguel 

Santa  Clara 

Bernalillo 

Valencia 

Valencia 

Los  Angeles 

Rio  Arriba 

Bernalillo 

Conejos 

Ouray 

Rio  Arriba 

Taos 

La  Salle 

Cleburne 

Vigo 

Perry 

Wayne 

Deuel 

Platte 

Miiiml 

Webster 

Wallowa 

Palo  Alto 

Clintoi ,„ 

San  Miguel 

Miller 

Wallowa 

Martin 

Klanialh 

Hardy 

Marion 

Liine 

San  Miguel 

San  Miguel 

Ringgold 

Nortliumberl'd 

Kossuth 

Fayette 

Whitley 

Merrimack 

Carroll 

Seneca 

Loudon 

Loudon 

Kanawha 

Ashland 

Keith 

Randolph 

Lawrence 

Lawrence 

Louisa 

Miami 

Montgomery.... 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Cliicot 

Pike 

Barbour. 

Barbour 

Boulder 

Boulder 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Clay 


Population, 


1880.      1890, 


169 
1,695 


618 


109 

1,73(J 


1,249 
2,836 


2,341 
280 


669 
1,435 


11,183 


3,241 


36;5 
1,0(13 
1,835 


1,450 
614 


132 
193 


1,.323 

374 
1,705 


779 
1,892 

443 
1,789 


1,221 
9r,6 
4,315 
1,723 
832 
2,9CG 
1,497 


1,,591 
2,394 

490 
6,928 

499 
1,867 
3,458 

730 
2,582 
4,325 
1,939 

211 


1,308 

675 

1,235 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Numc  of  place  and 
state. 


Louisville,  111 

Louisville,  Kaii 

Louisville,  Kan 

Louisville,  Ky 

Louisville,  Minu 

Limiaville,  jMiiili 

Louisville,  MiRg 

Louisville,  Miss 

Louisville,  Neb 

Louisville,  Neb 

Louisville,  N.Y 

Louisville,  0 

Louisville,  Teun 

Loup,  Neb 

Loup,  Neb 

Loup,  Neb 

Loup,  Neb 

Loup,  Neb 

Loup,  Neb 

Loup  City,  Neb 

Loup  Ferry,  Neb 

Loup  Fork,  Neb 

Louriston,  Minn 

Lousville,  N.C 

Loutre,  Mo 

Love,  Ga 

Lovejoy,  III 

Lovelace,  N.C 

Lovelaceville,  Ky 

Loveliicevillo,  Ky 

Lovelady,  N.C 

Lovelady,  N.C 

Lovelaiid,  Col 

Lovcland,  Col 

Loveland,  0 

Loveland,  0 

Loveland,  0 

Lovell,  Me 

Lovelock's,  Nev 

Lovett,  Ind , 

Lovettsville,  Va 

Lovingston,  Va , 

Lovingston,  Va 

Loviiigton,  III 

Lovingtoii,  III 

Lowdei),  Iowa. 

Lowe,  Ga 

Lowe,  III 

Lowe,  Kan 

Lowe,  S.D 

Lowe,  Tenu 

Lowell,  Ala 

Lowell,  Alaska , 

Lowell,  Ga 

Lowell,  Ind 

Lowell,  Kan 

Lowell,  Kan 

Lowell,  Me , 

Lowell,  Me 

Lowell,  Mass 

Lowell,  Mich , 

Lowell,  Mich , 

Lowell,  Minn 

Lowell,  Neb 

Lowell,  S.D 

Lowell,  S.D 

Lowell,  Vt , 

Lowell,  Wash , 

Lowell,  Wis 

Lowell,  Wis 

Lowcllville,  0 , 

Lower,  Ga 

Lower,  N.J 

Lower,  S.C 

Lower  Allen,  Pa 

Lower  AUoways  Creek, 

N.J , 

Lower  Alsea,  Ore 

Lower  Apishajm,  Col,. 
Lower  Ashland,  Ky... 
Lower  Augusta,  Pa.... 

Lower  Heaver,  Col 

Lower  Blue  Lick,  Ky. 
Lower  Bois6,  Idaho... 
Lower  Boulder,  Mont.. 
Lower  Rru-^h  Creek,  Ky 

Lower  Burrell,  Pa 

Lower  Catlett.sburg,Ky 
Lower  Chanceford,  Pa.. 
Lower    Cherry    Creek, 

&c..  Col 

Lower  Chichester.  Pa... 
Lower  Clear  Creek,  ic, 

Col 

Lower  Conetoe.  N.C, 
Lower  Cosby,  Tenn.. 


Bank  of 
place. 


post- vi  11 

township 

post-vill 

city 

township 

township 

beat 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

niag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

Iiost-vill 

village 

village 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-twp 

inag.'dist 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

civil-dist 

precinct 

hamlet 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-town 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post  twp 

township 

township 

post  town 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 
township 

precinct 

township 

civil-dist 


County. 


Clay 

Pottawatomie... 
Pottawatomie... 

Jefferson 

Polk 

Scott 

Winston 

Winston 

Cass 

Cass 

Saint  Lawrence 

Stark 

Blount 

Buffalo 

Cherry 

Cnstor 

Merrick 

Platte 

Sherman 

Sherman  

Nance 

Howard 

Chippewa 

Columbus 

Audrain 

Henry 

Iroquois 

Wilkes.. 

Ballard 

Ballard 

Burke  

Caldwell 

Larimer 

Laiimer 

Clermont 

Hamilton 

Wiirrcn 

0.\ford 

Humboldt 

Jennings 

Loudoun 

Nelson 

Nelson 

Moultrie 

Moultrie 

Cedar 

Henry 

Moultrie 

Washington 

Deuel 

Ctimpbell 

Baldwin 


614 

1,110 

4;!2 

123,758 


Carroll 

Luke 

Cherokee 

Rooks 

Franklin 

Penobscot 

Middlesex 

Kent 

Kent 

Polk 

Kearney 

Marshall 

Potter 

Orleans  

Snohomish  ... 

Dodge 

Dodge 

Mahoning 

Houston 

Cape  Mav 

nichlaiid.....:. 
Cumberland.. 


Salem 

Benton 

Las  Animas, 

Boyd 

Northumberl'd 

Fremont 

Nicholas 

Ada 

Jefferson 

Green 

Westmoreland 

Boyd 

York ..., 


Population. 


Arapahoe.. 
Delaware.. 


408 

2,467 

418 

749 

321 

2,019 

1,050 

215 


300 


1,4.^5 
727 
790 
756 

1,866 
181 

1,012 

1,804 


236 
695 


595 
1,077 


994 
3,442 
6,442 


2,063 
657 


1,356 
1,311 


1,010 


940 

4.58 

5,224 

307 

3 

4Xi 

59,475 

3,037 

1,538 

329 

262 


1,057 


2,580 

400 

810 

1,942 

1,977 

8,881 

972 

1,373 
193 


1,904 
1,194 


1,392 


1,837 
940 
939 

2,471 


Arapahoe...., 
Edgecombe., 
Cocke.......... 


1,700 


2,617 
878 


637 
980 
382 
iei,12u 
407 
422 

3,43:j 
484 

1,043 
653 

1,676 

1,323 
314 
571 
232 
947 
785 
437 
990 
671 
363 
743 
271 
72 

1,632 
834 
874 
814 

2,047 
169 

1,130 

1,002 

1,733 
698 
761 
392 
761 
853 
552 
849 

3,210 

5,993 
300 

2,246 
767 
405 

1,148 

1,470 
549 
151 
949 
506 
12 

1,053 
761 

2,594 

631 

49 

439 

77,696 

3,145 

1,829 

498 

367 

246 

99 

1,178 
287 

2,492 
3(14 
762 

1,7.58 

1,156 
11,032 

1,018 

1,30S 
467 
122 

3,175 
839 
156 

1,235 
294 
44 

1,765 
839 

1,396 

2,512 

1,318 
2,292 

2,295 

2,561 

900 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Lower  Costilla,  N.M 

Lower  Creek,  N.C 

Lower  Creek,  N.C. 

Lower   Dry  Cimarron, 

N.M 

Lower  Klk,  Tenn 

Lower  Elkhorn,  Ky 

Lower  Fifth,  Ga. 

Lower  Fishing  Creek, 

N.C 

Lower  Fork,  Ga 

Lower  Fork,  N.C 

Lower  Fourteenth,  Ga.. 
Lower  Gila  River,  N.M. 
Lower  Heidelberg,  Pa.. 
Lower  Highlower,  Ga. 
Lower  Hiwassee,  Ga. ... 

Lower  Hominy,  N.C 

Lower  Johns  Creek, Ky. 

Lower  Lafave,  Ark 

Lower  Lontre,  Mo 

Lower  Blacungie,  Pa ... 
Lower  Mahanoy,  Pa.... 
Lower  Makefield,  Pa ... 
Lower  Medicine,  Neb... 

Lower  Blerion,  Pa 

Lower  Milf^rd,  Pa 

Lower  Mimbres  Kiver, 

N.M 

Lower  Molalla,  Ore... 
Lower  Mt.  Bethel,  Pa. 
Lower  Nazareth,  Pa.., 
Lower  Nineteenth,  Ga.. 

Lower  Oxfoid,  Pa 

Lower  Pa.xton,  Pa....... 

Lower  Peach  Tree,  Ala 
Lower  Penasco,  N.M.... 

Lower    Peiiu's    Neck, 

N.J 

Lower  Platte,  Col..'. 

Lower  Poor  Fork,  Ky.. 

Lower  Precinct,  Ky 

Lower  Providence,  Pa.. 
Lower  Regions,  Ky. 
Lower  Running  Water, 

Neb 

Lower  Sabine,  La... 
Lower  Saguache,  Col... 
Lower  Saint  Clair,  Pa.. 
Lower  Salford,  Pa. . 
Lower  Santa  Fe,  N.31.. 
Lower  Saucon,  Pa.. 
Lower  Seventh,  Ga. 
Lower    Spring    Croek, 

Ga 

Lower    Squaw    Creek, 

Idaho 

Lower  Swatara,  Pa.... 
Lower  Surrounded 

Hill,  Ark 

Lower  Tenth,  Ga 

Lower  Towamensing, 

Pa 

Lower  Town,Ky 

Lower  Town  Cr'k,  N.C. 

Lower  Trout,  Ore 

Lower  Tuikeyfoot,  Pa.. 

Lower  T.vrone,  Pa.. 

Lower  Windsor,  Pa 

Lowery,  Ga 

Lower  Voder,  Pa 

Lower  Young  Cane,  Ga 

Lowe's.  Ky 

Low  Gap,  Ark 

Lowhill,  Pa 

Lowmoor,  Va 

Lowndes,  S.C 

Lowndesborough,  Ala. 

Lowndesville,  S  C 

Lowndesville,  S.C 

Lowncsville,  S  C 

Lowry  Cit.v,  Mo , 

Lowville,  Minn 

Lowville,  N.Y 

Lowville,  N.Y 

Lowville,  Wis , 

Loyal,  Wis 

Loyalhanna,  Pa 

Lovalsock,  Pa..... 

Loyal  Valley,  Tex 

Loyce,  Fla 

Lubec,  Me 

Lubeck,  W.  Va 

Lucas,  Ark 

Luca",  HI..... 

Lucas,  Iowa................ 


Rank  of 
place. 


precinct 
township 
township 

precinct 
civil-dist 
precinct 
mil.-dist 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-twp 

(.recinct 

precinct 

ward 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

I)OSt-twp 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

precinct 
township 

township 
mil.-dist 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

precinct 

township 

townnhip 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

mil.-dist 

village 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

town 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

towuihip 


County. 


Taos 

Burke 

Caldwell . 


Colfax 

Campbell.. 

Pike , 

Houston.., 


Edgecombe 

Lowndes 

Burke 

Houston 

Grant 

Berks 

Towns 

Towns 

Buncombe....... 

Pike 

Yell 

Montgomery.... 

Lehigh 

Northumberl'd 

Bucks 

Frontier 

Montgomery.... 
Lehigh 


Grant 

Clackamas 

Northampton.., 
Northampton.., 

Harris 

Chester 

Dauphin 

Wilcox , 

Liucolu... 


Salem 

Arapahoe 

Harlan 

Powell , 

Montgomery.., 
Whitley 


Sioux 

Calcasieu 

Saguache 

Alleghany 

Montgomery.., 

Santa  ¥6 

Northampton.. 
Fayette 


Decatur.. 


Boisg 

Dauphin . 


Prairie 

Whitfield.. 


Carbon 

Daviess ..., 

Edgecombe..^., 

Crook 

Somerset 

Fayette.. 

York 

Laurens...!......, 

Cambria.....!... 

Union , 

Graves 

Johnson , 

Lehigh , 

.MIeghany 

Colleton.. 

Lowndes 

Abbeville , 

Abbeville......... 

Chester 

Saint  Clair 

Murray 

Lewis 

Lewis 

Columbia 

Clark 

Westmoreland. 

Lycoming 

Mason 

Pasco 

Washington.... 

Wood 

Crittenden 

Effingham 

Johnson 


Population. 


1880.     1890. 


901 
1,527 


901 

1,010 

2,119 

1,011 

978 

1,000 


2,862 

464 

494 

1,030 

851 

1,046 

2,775 

3,952 

1,866 

2,163 


6,287 
1,603 


498 
1,501 
1,101 
1,209 
1,429 
1,615 
2,307 


1,334 


376 

794 
1,580 
1,265 


1,098 


2,.329 
1,828 


5,304 
1,520 


1,026 


1,601 

829 
730 

1,732 
8,355 
1,239 


805 
1,976 
2,538 


957 
612 


914 


1,555 

2,489 

2,930 

116 


58 

71 

3,188 


818 

550 

848 

1,818 


2,109 

2,123 

774 

938 

1,494 

H9 


322 

757 
1,544 

97 

2,027 

914 

1,690 

1,713 

1,398 

1,040 

1,161 

190 

2,876 

397 

679 

1,233 

838 

480 

2,685 

3,6i7 

1,750 

2,028 

350 

10,302 

1,424 

630 

?600 
1,.322 

930 
1,298 
1,384 
1,517 
2,309 

122 

1,289 
199 
480 
1,124 
1,374 
1,312 

123 
1,545 

186 
4,302 
1,755 
3,120 
3,913 
1,159 

1,082 

644 
793 

1,368 
662 

1,726 

7,364 

943 

89 

933 

2,153 

2,764 

562 

4,290 

674 

112 

149 

763 

989 

1,243 

2,983 

3,197 

268 

283 

368 

172 

3,684 

2,5U 

7;a 

979 

930 
2,498 

119 

62 

2,069 

2,491 

1,109 

980 
1,242 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENStrS  RETURNS  OF  1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


K»me  of  pUc«  and 
■iMe. 


TtUCM,  Iowa. 

LucM,  Minn 

LucM,  O 

Luraa,  B.D ^ 

liUcma,  Wl«._ 

LncM  Mill,  Ky „. 

Luce,  Ind..^ 

Ixick.WU , 

Iiurkamute,  Orv 

tiUekenlMCh,  Tex- 

tiUddingUm,  Win. , 

Liidell.lKKn 

Ludiiigton,  Mich 

LuiHow,  III 

Ltidluw,  III 

Ludlow,  Iowa. 

Ludlow,  Ky 

Ludlow,  Ky 

Ludlow,  Me 

Ludlow,  Haw 

Ludlow,  0 

Ladlow,  Vt 

Ludlow,  Vt 

Lu'Wille,  Oa 

Ludwlg,  Pa 

Lufkiii,  Tex 

Luis  Lopez,  K.M 

Lukin,fll 

Lnlaton,  Ga 

Luling,  Tex 

l.ulu.  Kan 

Luiniis,  Wa^... 

Lumber,  Pa. 

Lumber  Bridge,  N.C.... 

Lumber  City,  Ga 

Lumber  City,  Ga 

Lmnber  City,  Pa 

Lumberland,  N.Y 

Luniberton,  N.J 

Luiiiberton,  N.C 

Lumliertrtn,  N.C , 

Lummi,  Wash 

Lumpkin,  Ga 

Luna,  Wash 

Lnnii  Valley,  N.M 

Lniid,  Minn , 

Lunenburg,  Ark , 

Lunenburg,  Mass 

Lunenburg,  Vt 

Lura,  Minn , 

Luray,  Mo 

Lurwy,  Va ._ , 

Luray,  Va , 

Lurgan,  Pa 

Lasby'H  Mill,  Ky 

Lugk,  Wyo 

Liiti'sville,  Mo , 

Luther,  Mich , 

Luthertville,  Ga 

Lnthervllle,  Md , 

Lntz,  Neb , 

Lnverne,  Ala 

Luverne,  Iowa 

Lnverne,  Minn 

Lnverne,  Minn 

Lnxemlwurg,  \Vi« 

Luxemburg,  Minn , 

Luzerne,  N.Y 

Luzerne,  N.Y , 

Luzerne,  Pa 

Luzerne,  Pa 

Lybert,  Oa 

LjToniing,  Pa 

Lyda,  Mo 

Lydia,  Ala 

lydia.S.C 

l^ken»,  0 

Lykens,  Pa 

LykeiiH,  Pa 

Lyie,  Minn 

Lyie,  Minn „ 

Lyman,  III 

Lyman,  Me „ 

Lyman,  N.ll 

Lyme,  Conn 

Lyme,  N.H..„ 

Lyme,  N.Y 

Lyme,  O 

Lynch,  Mo 

Lynchburg,  111 

Lynchburg,  0 

Lynchburg,  S.C 

Lynchbnrg,  Tenn 

Lynchbnrg,  Va. 

Lytichea,  S.C 

I^mch's  Station,  Va.... 
160 


Bank  of 
places 


poat-town 

Cownnlilp 

[Miat-vill 

towiiahip 

po8t-twp 

precinct 

t<.iwnBhip 

{>ORt  twp 

precinct 

po«t-town 

jxMt-twp 

port-twp 

city 

townahip 

|>ost-vill 

townahip 

mag.-dist 

jiogt-vill 

township 

|Kigt-lown 

township 

township 

poetviU 

mil.-dist 

l>orougli 

post-vill 

precinct 

townxhip 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

I)08t-Vill 

poBt-boro' 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post  twp 

|K)8t-tOWn 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

[wst  twp 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

jiost-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

iwst-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-bo  ro' 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-twp 

Iiost-prect 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

city 

township 

post-vill 


OoHiity. 


Lacaa. 

Lyon 

RIchlaad 

Potter 

Dunn 

Kusaell 

bl>enc«r 

Pnlk 

Polk..„ 

Gillespie 

Eau  Claire 

Rawllus 

Mason 

Chnrnpnlgn 

ClmmiiaigD 

Allamakee 

Kenton 

Kenton 

Aroostook 

Hampden 

WHshingtou.... 

Windsor 

Windsor 

Pickens 

Westmoi-eland. 

Angelina 

Socorro 

Lawrence 

Wayne , 

Caldwell 

Mlt«hell 

Whatcom , 

Cameron 

Robeson 

Telfair 

Telfair , 

Clearfield 

Sullivan 

Burlington 

Robeson 

Robeson , 

Whatcom........ 

Stewart 

Klickitat 

Socorro 

Douglas 

Izard 

Worcester 

Essex 

Faribault 

Clark 

Pitge 


Franklin 

Owen 

Converse 

Bollinger 

Lake 

Meriwether 

Baltimore 

Dundy 

Crenshaw.. 

Kossuth 

Rock „,.. 

Rock 

Kewaunee 

Steams 

Warren 

Warren 

Fayette 

Luzerne 

Lincoln 

Lycoming 

Macon 

De  Kalb 

Darlington 

Crawford , 

Dauphin „. 

Dauphin „, 

Mower , 

Mower 

Ford , 

York 

Grafton 

New  London. 

Grafton 

Jefferson 

Huron 

Texas 

Mason 

Highland 

Sumter 

Moore 

Campbell 

Florence 

Campbell....... 


Populatioo. 


1880.      1890. 


981 


497 
066 

2,527 
270 


212 


4,100 
1,117 
29:i 
1,001 
6,073 


468 
1,628 
1,375 
2,005 
1,179 


603 


1,832 
779 

1,114 
745 


t»02 
1,350 
1,285 


298 
1,050 
1,689 
1,849 

63;i 


2,784 


348 

843 

1,101 

1,038 

680 

217 

2,»i>l 

632 

1,324 

1,773 


311 


1,613 
382 


299 
1,438 

468 
1,744 


371 
639 

097 


1,.543 

1,225 

1,2.56 

2,154 

6:16 

182 

1,235 

1,004 

654 

1,025 

1,313 

2,277 

2,-575 

792 

684 

664 

2,780 

345 

15,959 


1,320 

4(m; 

347 

I»7 

706 

1,006 

2,907 

303 

664 

845 

658 

500 

7,517 

1,152 

208 

8tK) 

7,607 

2,460 

375 

1,9:!9 

1,218 

1,708 

1,081 

641 

891 

629 

238 

1,765 

992 

1,792 

796 

178 

007 

2,110 

1,442 

471 

206 

875 

1,799 

2,420 

584 

230 

3,845 

222 

122 

627 

880 

1,146 

1,019 

487 

246 

3,737 

2,809 

1,281 

1,383 

2.53 

235 

1,084 

1,140 

663 

448 

451 

646 

394 

1,406 

1,000 

800 

1,079 

808 

1,849 

2,398 

436 

643 

983 

385 

1,513 

1,058 

1,242 

2,450 

68:1 

306 

1,298 

854 

643 

977 

1,154 

2,175 

2,988 

1,186 

668 

763 

3,441 

5<X) 

19,709 

1,013 

213 


Kame  of  place  and 
tUte. 


Lynd,  Hliin 

Lyiidudorough,  N.H... 

Lyndon,  Minn 

Lynden,  Wash , 

Lynden,  Wash 

Lyndon,  III 

Lyndon,  III , 

Lyndon,  Kan , 

Lyndon,  Mich 

Lyndon,  Neb 

Lyndon,  N.Y 

Lyndon,  Vt 

Lyndon,  Wis 

Lyndon,  Wis...  

Lyndon  Station,  Wis.. 

Lyndonville,  Vt 

Lynn,  III 

Lynn,  III 

Lynn,  Ind 

Lynn,  Ind 

Lynn,  Iowa.. 

Lynn,  Mass 

Lynn,  Miih 

Lynn,  Minn 

Lynn,  Mo 

Lynn,  Mo 

Lynn,  Neb 

Lynn,  0 

Lynn,  Pa 

Lynn,  8.D 

Lynn,  8  D 

Lynn,  S  D 

Lynji,  Wis 

Lynne,  Utah 

Lynnfield,  Mass 

Lynn  Grove.  Iowa... 

Lynnville,  III 

Lynnville,  111 

Lynnville,  Iowa 

Lynnville,  Ky 

Lynnville,  Tenn 

LynXvflle,  Wis 

Lyon,  Iowa 

Lyon,  Iowa 

Lyon,  Kan 

Lyon,  Kan 

Lyon,  Kan 

Lyon,  Kan... 

Lyon,  Kan 

Lyon,  Ky 

Lyon,  Mich 

Lyon,  Mo 

Lyon,  Mo 

Lyon,  Mo 

Lyon,  S.D 

Lyon,  W.  Va 

Lyons,  &c.,  Cal 

Lyons,  Col 

Lyons,  Col 

Lyons,  III 

Lyons,  III 

Lyons,  Iowa 

Lyons,  Iowa 

Lyons,  Iowa 

Lyons,  Kan 

Lyons,  Mich 

Lyons,  Mich 

Lyons,  Minn 

Lyons,  Neb 

Lyons,  N.Y 

Lyons,  N.Y 

Lyons,  S.C 

Lyons,  S.D 

Lyons,  Wis 

Lyonsdale,  N.Y 

Lyra,  Minn 

Lyfander,  N.Y 

Lytle  Fork,  Ky 

Mabel,  Minn 

Mabic,  Ore 

Mableton,  Ga 

MacAdoo,  Kan 

MacAfee,  Ky 

MacAlister,  Ky 

MacAlbiBfer,  Kan.... 

MacArthur,  0 

MacArthiir,  0 

MacBrido,  Ala 

Maclhide,  Ga 

MacBride's,  Mich.... 

MacCalmont,  Pa 

MacCameron,  Ind.... 

MacCamish,  Kan 

MacCammon,  Idaho, 

MacCandlefS.  Pa 

MacCardle,  Neb 


Bank  of 
placo. 


post-twp 

post-town 

town>hip 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-twp 

township 

township 

towiisliip 

preci  net 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

townsliip 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

township 

townsliip 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

mng.-dist 

maK.-dist 

post-twp 

townsliip 

post-vill 

jirecinct 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

townsliip 

post-twp 

township 

IX)St-prect 

township 

precinct 


Coanty. 


Lyon 

Hillsborough.. 

Stearns 

Whatcom 

Whatcom 

Whiteside 

Whiteside 

(t^age 

Wtt-htonaw 

Furnas 

Cnltataugus 

Caledonia 

Juneau 

Shelioygan 

Juneau 

Caledonia 

Henry 

Knox 

Posey 

Randolph 

Sioux 

Essex 

Saint  Clair 

McLeod 

Audrain 

Oregon 

Clay 

Hardin 

Lehigh 

Day 

Lincoln 

Moody , 

Clark 

Weber 

Essex 

Jasper „... 

Morgan 

Ogle 

Jasper 

Graves 

Giles 

Crawford 

Hamilton 

Lyon 

Cherokee 

Cloud 

Decatur 

Dickinson 

Geary 

Lawrence 

Oakland 

Franklin 

Knox... 

Lewis 

Brnl6 

Preston 

San  Diego 

Boulder 

Boulder. 

Cook 

Cook 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Mills 

Rice 

Iouia.„ 

Ionia.... 

Lyon.« 

Burt 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Orangeburg 

Minneliaha 

Walworth 

Lewis 

Blue  Earth 

Onondaga 

Scott 

Fillmore 

Lane 

Cobb 

Barber 

Mercer 

Hickman 

Logan 

Logan 

Vinton 

Butler 

Washington 

Montcalm 

Jefferson 

Martin , 

Johnson 

Bingham 

Allejihany 

Douglas 


Popalatiott. 


1880.  1890. 


1,157 
657 


7;J6 
420 
8:il 

2,4:J4 
4(»l 

1,704 
164 
788 

1,099 
904 

1,820 
2:19 
92 
38,271 
788 
608 
049 

1,(161 
600 
022 

2,678 


24' 
873 
086 

1,517 
7:i4 
805 
290 

1,679 
228 
166 
673 
291 
909 
849 


618 
722 
1,561 
3,114 
1,402 
1,442 


3,403 


3,009 

4«0 

4,426 

4,096 

65!» 

609 

2,804 

747 

220 

90 

5,702 

3,820 

2,428 


1,312 
1,475 
900 
4,003 
1,055 


1,451 
1,180 


1,579 
000 
352 

1,105 

""fii'o 

1,208 
l,:j30 


1,010 
609 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  and 
state, 


MacCarthy,  Cal 

MacCauleyville,  Minn., 

MacClellan,  111 

MacClellan,  Ind 

MacClellan,  W.  Va 

MiicOlelland,  Kan 

MacClellanville,  8.C 

MacClure,  Neb 

MacClure,  O 

MacComas,  W.  Va 

MacComb,  Misa 

MacComb,  0 

MacConatliy,  Ala 

MacConuell,  Ark 

MacConnellsburg,  Pa  .. 

MacConnelsville,  0 

MacCook,  Neb 

MacCool,  Ark 

MacCool,  Miss 

MacCool  Junct'n,  Neb. 

MacCord,  Ala 

MacCoy,  Ore 

MacCracken,  Kan 

MacCrea,  Minn 

MacCredie,  Mo 

MacCrory,  Ark 

MacCune,  Kan 

MacCurry,  Ga 

MacPades  Pond,  Fla.... 

MacDaniel,  N.C 

MacDonald,  Ga 

MacDouald,  Ga._ 

MacDonalil,  Ga 

MacDonalil,  Mo 

MacDonald,  Mo 

MacDonald,  O 

MacDonald,  Pa 

MacDonald8ville,MiDn. 

MacDonough,  Ga 

MacDonough,  Ga 

MacDonough,  N.Y 

MacDonoughville,  La... 

Macedon,  N.Y 

Macedon,  N.Y 

Macedonia,  Fla. 

Macedonia,  Iowa 

Macedonia,  Neb. 

Macedonia,  Tenn 

MacElmo,  Utah 

MacElroy,  VV.  Va 

MacEwen,  Tenn, 

MacEwensville,  Pa 

MacFadden,  Neb 

MacFall,  Ark 

MacFall,  Mo 

MacFarlan,  III 

MacFaiiaud,  Wis 

MacFerran,  Col 

MacGehee,  Ala 

MacGill,  Ala 

MacGrawville,  N.Y 

MacGregor,  Iowa 

Macfiregor,  Tex 

MacGuire,  Neb 

MacHague,  Ky 

Maclien,  Ga 

MacHenry,  111 

MacHenry,  111 

MacHenry,  Ky 

MacHenry,  Pa 

Machiag,  Me 

Waehias,  N.Y 

Machia<port,  Me 

Macintosh,  Ga 

Maclntyre,  Pa 

MacKean,  0 

MacKean,  Pa 

MacKee,  111 

MacKee,  Ky 

MacKeespoit,  Pa 

MacKee's  Rocks,  Pa.... 

MacKennon,  Ark. 

MncKenzie,  N.D 

MacKenzie,  Ore 

MacKenzie,  Tenn 

Mackford,  Wis 

MacKinn,  W.  Va 

Mackinac,  Mich 

Mackinaw,  III 

Mackinaw,  111 

Mackinaw,  Mich 

Mackinaw  City,  Mich.. 

MacKinley,  Ala 

MacKinley,  Ala 

MacKinney,  Ky 

MacKinDcy,  Tex , 


Bank  of 
place. 


precinct 
post-twp 
I  township 
township 
mag.-dist 
township 
poet-twp 
township 
post-vill 
mag.-dist 
post-tow  n 
post-vill 
precinct 
township 
post-boro' 
post-vill 
city 

township 
lK)8t-town 
post-vill 
precinct 
post-prect 
po8t--vill 
township 
post-twp 
post-town 
post-vill 
mil.-dist 
precinct 
township 
mil.-dist 
mil.-dist 
mil.-dist 
township 
township 
township 
post-boro' 
township 
mil.-dist 
post-vill 
post-town 
township 
township 
post-vill 
preci  net 
post-twp 
precinct 
village 
precinct 
mag.-dist 
post-vill 
post-boro' 
township 
township 
post-town 
precinct 
ix)st-vill 
post-prect 
precinct 
precinct 
post-vill 
post-vill 
post-vill 
precinct 
precinct 
post-town 
township 
post-vill 
post-vill 
township 
post-town 
post-town 
post-town 
mil.-dist 
township 
township 
post-twp 
township 
post-prect 
post-boro' 
post-vill 
township 
post-twp 
precinct 
post-town 
post-twp 
mag.-dist 
village 
township 
post-vill 
township 
post-vill 
post-prect 
precinct 
post-Till 
city 


County. 


San  Diego , 

Wilkin 

Jefferson 

Newton 

Doddridge.. , 

Pratt , 

Charleston 

Holt 

Henry 

Cabell 

Pike 

Hancock 

Clay 

Chicot 

Fulton 

Morgan 

Kcd  Willow 

Perry 

Attaia. 

York 

Coosa 

Polk 

Rush 

Marshall 

Callaway 

Woodruff. 

Crawford 

Hart 

Walton 

Sampson 

Coffee 

Murray 

Twiggs 

Barry 

Jasper 

Hardin 

Washington 

Norman 

Henry 

Henfy 

Chenango 

Jefferson 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Madison 

Pottawattamie 

Chase 

Maury 

San  Juan 

T.>ler 

Humphreys.... 
Northumberl'd 

York 

Arkansas 

Gentry 

Hardin 

Dane 

El  Paso 

Montgomery  ... 

Mobile 

Cortland 

Clayton 

MacLennan  .... 

Keya  Paha 

Laurel 

Jasper 

McHenry 

McHenry 

Ohio 

Lycimiing 

Washington.... 

Cattaraugus 

Washington  .... 

Butts 

Lycoming 

Licking 

Erie 

Adams 

Jackson 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Johnson 

Burleigh 

Lane 

Carroll 

Green  Lake , 

Pleasants 

Mackinac 

Tazewell 

Tazewell 

Cheboygan 

Cheboygan 

Marengo 

Monroe , 

Lincoln 

CoUiB 


Population. 


291 
1,026 

155 
1,717 


1,964 

1,982 
417 
958 

2,576 
584 

1,473 


322 
'886 


170 
1,354 

295 
1,086 


904 
909 
659 

1,181 

1,449 
425 
500 

1, 
320 

1,298 


2,871 
538 


1,051 

'i',672 

1,944 

283 


212 

115 

1,006 

168 


3,04« 
409 
637 

1,602 


1,102 


2,313 
874 
124 

362 
2,203 
1,546 
1,.531 


1,637 
981 

1,394 

1,302 
787 

8,212 


1,382 
977 
720 

1,627 
482 


3,121 

1,524 

200 

1,479 


172 

270 

1,105 

178 

2,270 

318 

974 

143 

332 

2,178 

2,383 

1,030 

1,254 

3,111 

694 

1,771 

2,346 

266 

246 

204 

813 

370 

281 

191 

693 

299 

700 

1,681 

214 

1,078 

1,360 

1,033 

703 

1,244 

1,205 

1,809 

1,698 

322 

2,414 

515 

1,025 

2,2.35 

2,504 

533 

989 

802 

448 

808 

16 

2,.3&3 

213 

262 

913 

1,016 

.628 

1,170 

166 

266 

2,955 

339 

732 

1,160 

774 

366 

1,283 

228 

2,555 

979 

463 

608 

2,035 

1,.636 

1,437 

315 

845 

866 

1,3.30 

1,065 

1,101 

20,741 

1,687 

217 

112 

117 

1,166 

1,514 

1,064 

750 

1,474 

545 

475 

333 

3,173 

2,009 

226 

2,489 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


MacKinneysbnrg,  Ky.. 

Blacksburg,  Iowa 

Macksbuig,  0 , 

Macksville,  Kan 

Mackville,  Ky 

MacLaren,  Ark 

MacLean,  111 , 

MacLean,  0 

MacLeansborough,  III. 
BlacLeansborongh,  111. 

MacLundon,  Ga 

Maclenny,  Fla 

Maclenny,  Fla 

MacLeod,  Ala 

MacLeod,  Mont 

MacLonth,  Kan 

MacMahon,  Ga 

MacMechen,  W.  Va 

MacMillan,  Mich , 

MacMillan,  Mich 

MacMillan,  Mo 

MacMillan,  Wis 

MacMillaiw,  S.C 

MacMinnville,  Ore 

MacMinnvillo,  Tenn.... 

MacMnllen,  Ga 

MacMurie,  AU........... 

MacNeil,  Ark 

BlacNeil,  Ark 

MacNeil  Island,  Wash.. 

MacNeills,  N.C 

MacNett,  Pa 

Macomb,  111 

Macomb,  111 

Macomb,  Mich 

Macomb,  N.Y 

Macon,  Ala 

Macon,  Ala 

Macon,  Fla 

Macon,  Ga 

Macon,  111 

Macon,  HI 

Macon,  Kan 

Macon,  Mich 

Macon,  Miss 

Macon,  Neb 

Macon,  Va 

Macon  City,  Mo 

MacPherson,  Kan 

MacPherson,  Kart 

MacPherson,  Kan 

MacPherson,  Kan 

MacPherson,  Minn 

MacRae,  Ga 

MacSlierrystown,  Pa.... 

MacTier,  S.C 

Macungie,  Pa 

MacVeytown,  Pa.... 

MacWilliams,  Ga 

MacWilliams,  Neb.. 

Macy,  Ind 

Madawaska,  Me 

Madbury,  N.H 

Maddox,  Ala 

Madelia,  Minn 

Madelia,  Minn 

Madera,  Cal. 

Madison,  Ala 

Madison,  Ark 

Madison,  Ark , 

Madison,  Ark 

Madison,  Conn , 

Madison,  Fla 

Madison,  Fla 

Madison,  Ga 

Madison,  111 

Madison,  Ind 

Mailison,  Ind 

Madison,  Ind 

Madison,  Ind 

Madison,  Ind , 

Madison,  Ind 

Madison,  Ind 

Madison,  Ind 

Madison,  Ind 

Madison,  Ind , 

Madison,  Ind 

Madison,  Ind , 

Madison,  Ind 

Madison,  Ind 

Madison,  Ind 

Madison,  Iowa 

Madison,  Iowa 

Madison,  Iowa 

Madison,  Iowa 

Madison,  lovra 


Rank  of 
place. 


mng.-dist 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

city 

niil.-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-vill 

mil.-diet 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

city 

township 

city 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

city 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-boro' 

township 

post-boro' 

post  boro' 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-town 

townsliip 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Pendleton 

Madison 

Washington..., 

Stafford 

Wa.shington... 

Conway 

McLean 

Shelby „. 

Hamilton 

Hamilton 

Troup 

Baker 

Baker 

Clarke 

Park 

Jefferson 

Dade 

Marshall 

Luce 

Ontonagon 

McDonald 

Marathon 

Florence .... 

Yam  Hill 

Warren 

Henry 

Blount 

Columbia 

Columbia 

Pierce 

Moore 

Lycoming 

McDonough  ... 
McDonongh... 

Macon)b 

Saint  Lawrence 

Hale 

Marengo 

Pasco 

Bibb 

Bureau 

Macon 

Harvey 

Lenawee 

Noxubee 

Franklin 

Powhatan 

Macon 

McPherson 

McPherson 

Pratt 

Sherman 

Blue  Eartli...... 

Telfair 

Adams 

Aiken. 

Lehigh 

Mifflin 

De  Kalb 

Otoe 

Miami 

Aroostook 

Strafford 

Calhoun 

Watonwan 

Watonwan 

Fresno 

Madison 

Grant 

Howard 

Saint  Francis.... 

New  Haven 

Madison 

Madison 

Morgan 

Richland 

Allen 

Carroll 

Clinton 

Daviess 

Dubois 

Jay 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Montgomery.... 

Morgan 

Pike 

Putnam 

Saint  Joseph.... 

Tipton 

Washington 

Buchanan 

Butler 

Clarke 

Fremont 

Hancock I 


Population. 


1,329 

204 
249 


1,977 


490 
1,645 


1,341 
921 
547 


632 


2,120 
670 

1,244 
955 


1,213 
399 
3,273 
3,140 
2,045 
1,731 
3,434 
1,932 


12,749 

768 

793 

574 

1,423 

2,074 


2,964 
3,046 
2,267 
1,590 


1,017 
847 

439 
650 
701 
679 


457 
290 

1,391 
396 

1,259 
678 
4S9 
217 


1,035 

835 

2,561 

1,672 

5,175 

756 

1,974 

1,672 

1,477 

786 

1,313 

1,743 

1,171 

1,371 

13,528 

8,945 

1,142 

865 

746 

1,090 

1,907 

2,074 

902 

710 

475 

715 

1,089 

227l 

151 


1,492 

186 

633 

156 

1,728 

794 

500 

1,658 

2,562 

1,335 

904 

898 

334 

633 

114 

311 

643 

427 

1,949 

597 

1,353 

439 

2,187 

1,368 

1,677 

828 

189 

84:) 

234 

161 

1,396 

619 

1,221 

4,052 

1,721 

1,416 

3,.524 

1,968 

425 

22,746 

731 

819 

713 

1.196 

1,1565 

398 

2,785 

3,371 

699 

3,172 

421 

537 

1,242 

871 

1,020 

600 

644 

599 

416 

1,123 

316 

1,451 

367 

l,7i)5 

641 

852 

950 

1,619 

1,325 

394 

4,025 

1,429 

3,040 

781 

2,131 

1,444 

1,519 

985 

1,442 

2,352 

1,166 

1,435 

13,027 

8,936 

1,142 

773 

825 

1,082 

2,0.')5 

2,703 

919 

884 

604 

687 

1,048 

436 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  BETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  pliice  and 


MaillRon,  low* 

SIaili>uii,  Iowa 

MH<liiiuii,  luwa , 

Mmllaon,  luwk 

Matlison,  luHB 

Mmlisuii,  low* 

UadlsoD,  luwa. 

Madison,  luwa 

Uadison,  Kaii 

Madison,  Kau 

Madison,  Kan 

Madison,  Kan 

MailisoM,  M« 

Malinou,  Mich 

ilaii  son, Minn 

Slailison,  Minn 

lladiM>n,  Mo 

MailLson,  Mo 

MadiKon,  Mo 

Uadison,  Mo 

3liidiKun,  Mo 

Mailison,  Mo 

Sladi-jon,  Mo 

lUiidiiHin,  Mo 

Sladison,  Mo 

Madioon  Mont 

Madison,  Neb 

Madison,  Neb 

Madison,  Neb 

Madison,  N.H 

Madison,  N.J 

Madison,  N.Y 

Madison,  N.Y 

Madison,  N.C , 

Madison,  N.C 

Madison,  N.C 

Madison,  O 

Madison,  0 

Madisi>ii,  0 

Madison,  0 

Madison,  0 

Madison,  O 

Madison,  0 

Madison,  0 

Madison,  0 

Madison,  0 

Madison,  0 

Madison,  0 

Mailison,  0 

Madison,  0 

Madison,  0 

Madison,  0 

Madison,  0 

Madison,  0 

Madison,  O 

Madison,  0 

3Ia'lison,  0 

Madison,  O 

Madison,  Pa 

Madison,  Pa. 

Madison,  Pa 

Mailison,  Pa 

Madison,  Pa 

Madison,  Pa 

Madison,  S.D 

Madison,  S  D.„ 

Madison,  S.D 

Madison,  Va 

Madison,  Ya 

Madison,  Va 

Madison,  Va 

Madison,  Va 

Madison,  Wis 

Madison,  Wis 

Madison  C.-H.,  Va... 
Madison  C's  K'ds,  AIn... 
Mailisiinville,  Ky.... 
Madisonvillp,  La.... 
Madi-ionville,  La.... 

Madisonville,  0 

Sladisonville,  Tenn. 
Madisonville,  Tex.. 

Madrid,  Iowa 

Madrid,  Me 

Madrid,  Neb 

Madrid,  Nel 

Madrid,  N.Y 

Madrid,  N.Y 

Madrid  Bend,  Ky... 

Mad  Klvcr,  Cal 

Mad  River,  0 

Mad  Itiver,  0 

Ma.1  River,  0 

Mai'sville,  Blinn 

Mag:iziiic,  Ark 

Magazine,  Arlc 

152 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

tuwusliip 

tu««'ns)ii|i 

township 

township 

townsiiip 

township 

township 

township 

post-Till 

township 

townsbi)) 

post-town 

township 

township 

post  vlli 

township 

township 

township 

townsiiip 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

pt>8t-vill 

township 

township 

|)08t-Vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townsiiip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

townsiiip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townsiiip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

postboro' 

township 

townsiiip 

city 

mag.-dlst 

mag.-dist 

niag.-dist 

niHg.-dist 

niag.-dist 

township 

city 

post-town 

post  prect 

post-town 

village 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

I>o8t-town 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

I)ost-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

poBt-twp 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 


County. 


Johnion 

Jones. 

Lee 

Madison 

Mahaska 

Polk 

Poweshiek 

Winneshiek 

Greenwood 

Greenwood 

Lincoln 

Biley 

Somerset.... 

Lenawee 

Lac-qiii-Parle... 
Lac- qui- Parle... 

Cedar 

Clark 

Grundy 

Harrison 

Jasper 

Johnson 

Mercer 

Monroe 

Polk 

Gallatin 

Fillmore 

Madison 

Madison 

Carroll 

Middlesex 

Madison 

Madison 

Guilford 

Buckingham.... 
Rockingham.... 

Butler 

Clark 

Columbiana 

Fayette 

Fairfield 

Franklin..^ 

Guernsey 

Hancock 

Highland 

Jackson 

Lake 

Lake 

Licking 

Montgomery.... 

Muskingum 

Perry 

Pickaway 

Richland 

Sandusky 

Scioto 

Vinton 

Williams 

Armstrong 

Clarion 

Columbia 

Lackawanna... 

Perry 

Westmoreland.. 

Edmunds 

Grant 

Lalve 

Caroline 

Charlotte... 

Cumberland 

Orange 

Shenandoah 

Dane 

Dane 

Madison 

Madison 

Hopkins 

Saint  Charles... 
St.  Tammany... 
Hamilton.... 

Monroe 

Madison..... 

Boone 

Franklin 

Perkins 

Perkins 

Saint  Lawrence 
Saint  Lawrence 

Fulton ..,., 

Humboldt...... 

Champaign.... 

Clark 

Montgomery  . 

Grant. 

Logan.... 

YeU 


Population. 


1880.      180O. 


02S 
l,!i62 
4,HCU 

842 

1,802 
8U6 
781 
840 
12:j 
323 
727 
1,315 
l,31:i 
222 


1,C9S 
OOS 
1,01)1 
1,089 
1,2:14 
3,012 
1,286 
315 
1,709 


683 


417 

68U 

1,062 

2,474 

320 

829 

l,a51 

361 

2,555 

2,390 

1,144 

l,4u5 

1,387 

3,86:1 

1,160 

1,232 

3,568 

2,U3 

2,720 

793 

929 

2,;J00 

1,128 

714 

896 

11,675 

1,886 

1,852 

2,217 

1,798 

1,950 

2,100 

1,074 

1,091 

1,699 

190 


96 
4,086 
3,662 
3,4S5 
4,233 
3,241 
7:}5 
10,:V24 
461 


1,544 

""'441 

1,274 


200 
437 


2,145 

761 

8:!2 

6:58 

1,997 

1,812 

2,091 

1.5U 

478 

1,670 


631 
1,124 

7,901 

1,061 

764 

1,601 

736 

676 

1,666 

023 

314 

1,027 

1,816 

1,406 

486 

626 

1,012 

021 

1,170 

1,437 

1,248 

3,348 

1,:J63 

486 

2,:»l 

116 

749 

1,:«6 

930 

654 

1,520 

2,316 

390 

901 

1,952 

460 

2,181 

2,^:04 

070 

1,429 

1,286 

.3,367 

1,038 

1,433 

,3,075 

1,998 

2,6:50 

738 

1,014 

2,173 

979 

665 

828 

16,467 

2,115 

1,008 

1,640 

1,868 

1,7&3 

1,759 

1,072 

1,257 

1,584 

201 

46 

266 

1,736 

3,840 

3,370 

3,196 

4,129 

3,3;!2 

919 

13,426 

3£3 

1,257 

2,212 

469 

574 

2,214 

313 

418 

505 

441 

087 

178 

1,969 

605 

322 

1,.3a$ 

2,026 

1,750 

4,005 

241 

1&3 

1,4:J3 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Magdalena,  N.M 

Magee,  Col 

Maggodee,  Va 

MagucM,  Ark 

Magnet  Cove,  Ark 

Magnetic  Springs,  0.... 

Magnolia,  Ark 

Magnolia,  Ark 

Magnolia,  Col 

Blagnolla,  Del 

Magnolia,  Ga 

Blagnolla,  III 

Magnolia,  III 

Magnolia,  Iowa 

Blagnolla,  Blinn 

Magnolia,  Bliss 

Magnolia,  N.C 

Magnolia,  N.C 

Magnolia,  S.C 

Magnolia,  S.C 

Blagnolla,  W.  Va 

Magnolia,  W.  Va 

Blagnolla,  Wis 

Magor,  Iowa 

Blahafiey,  Pa 

Mahanoy,  Pa 

Mahanoy  City,  Pa 

Mahomet,  III 

Blahoinet,  III 

Blaliohing,  Pa 

Blahoning,  Pa 

Mahoning,  Pa 

Mahoning,  Pa 

Blah-to-wa,  Blinn 

Bla'den,  N.C 

Bluiden  Creek,  Pa 

Blaulon  Rock,  Wis 

Maiden  Rock,  Wis 

Maidstone,  Vt 

Blaiden  Spring,  Va 

Blaine,  111 

Blaine,  Iowa 

Maine,  Minn 

Blaine,  N.Y 

Maine,  Pa 

Blaine,  Wis 

Blaine,  Wis , 

Maine  Praiiie,  Cal 

Blainw  Prairie,  Blinn... 

Blaiiiesburg,  Pa 

Blaincville,  0 

Blain  Shore,  Ark 

Maitland,  Bio 

Makanda,  III , 

Makanda,  111 

Makee,  Iowa 

Blakeymute,  Alaska.... 

Makushin,  Alaska 

Mahid,  Idaho 

Blalad,  Idaho 

Malad,  Utah 

Malaga,  0 

Blalaka,  Iowa 

Malco,  Fla 

Malcom,  Iowa 

Blalden,  111 

Blaiden,  Mass 

Blalden,  Mo 

Maiden,  W.  Va 

Maiden,  W.Va 

Malheur,  Ore 

Malheur,  Ore 

Blallard  Creek,  N.C... 

Mallory,  Ga. 

Blallory,  Iowa 

Blalone,  111 

Malone,  N.BI 

Malone,  N.Y 

Blalone,  N.Y 

Malta,  Col . 

Blalta,  Idaho , 

Blalta,  III 

Malta,  111 

Malta,  Blinn 

MttlU,  N.Y 

Malta,  O 

Malta,  O 

Blalta  Bend,  Bio 

Malvern,  Ark 

Malvern,  Iowa 

Blalvern,  Iowa 

Blalvern,  0 

Btalvern,  Pa 

Mamakating,  N.Y 

Maniaroneck,  N.Y 

Blamelle,  Ark....,,..,,.. 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-prect 

precinct 

mag.-dlst 

township 

township 

iwst-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

mil.-dlst 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

jiost-town 

township 

jiost-vill 

township 

pi>st-town 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

post-vill 

jjost-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

mag.-diHt 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-tup 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

township 

lK)8t-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

hamlet 

hamlet 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

IKJst-twp 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

post-vill 

city 

post-Till 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

post  piect 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

poft-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

township 

post-town 

township 


Countj, 


Socorro 

Yuma 

Franklin 

Lonoke 

Hot  !<pring.. 

ruioii 

Columbia 

(.'(dunibiu 

Boulder 

Kent 

Clinch 

Puinam 

Putnam 

Harrison 

Rock.- 

Pike 

Duplin 

Du)din 

Abbeville 

Sumter... 

Logan 

Wetzel 

Rock 

Hancock 

Clearfield..,.. 
Schuylkill... 
Schuylkill... 
Chanipaign.. 
(.'hami'aigu. 
Armstrong.. 

Carbon 

Lawrence.... 

Blontour 

Carlton 

Catawba 

Berks 

Pierce 

Pierce 

Kssex 

Tazewell 

Cook 

Liiin 

Otier  Tail.... 

Broome 

Columbia 

Marathon.... 
Outagamie.. 

Solano 

Stearns....... 

Tiona 

Warren 

Greene 

Holt 

Jackson 

Jackxon 

AUauiakt'o . 


Logan 

Oneida 

Box  Elder 

Blonroe 

Jasper 

Lee 

Poweshiek..... 

Bureau 

Blidrllescx 

Uuuklin 

Kanawha 

Kanawha 

Harney 

Blalheur 

Mecklenburg. 

Wilkes 

Clayton 

Tazewell 

Grant 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Lake 

Cassia 

De  Kalb 

DeKalb 

Big  Stone 

Saratoga  

Morgan 

Morgan 

Saline... 

llc.t  Spring.... 

Mills 

BIllls  

Carroll 

Chester. 

Sullivan 

Westchester... 
I'ulaskL 


Population, 


1880.     1890. 


1,192 
616 
380 


2,931 
630 


103 
386 

1,490 
305 

1,285 
240 
567 

2,'iOO 
40;} 

2,662 
161 
794 

2,378 

1,143 
120 


4,460 
7,181 
1,450 
771 
1,930 
1,9(W 
1,707 
1,142 


1,714 

1,1)56 

219 

28(; 

4,076 

2,340 

1,679 

340 

2,129 

620 

880 

403 

376 

1,106 

239 

324 


1,087 
"2,206 


377 
1,620 
1,124 


416 

359 

12,017 

216 

3,958 

482 


2,115 

550 

1,328 

730 


7,909 

4,193 

220 


1,2;J7 
606 
207 
1,234 
1,674 
662 
412 


748 


3,845 

l,8(i3 

200 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Mammoth  Hollow.Utab 
Mammoth  Spring,  Ark 

Mamre,  Miiiii 

Maiialapan,  N.J 

Mananiiab,  Minn 

Maiiarjiian,  Minn 

Manasquan,  N.J 

Manassa,  Col 

Manassa,  Col 

ManaSKas,  Va 

Manassas,  Va 

Manatee,  Fla 

Manatee,  Fla 

Manawa,  Wis , 

Mancelona,  Mich 

Miincelona,  Mich 

Manchester,  Ark 

Manchester,  Ark 

Manchester,  Conn 

Manchester,  111 

Manchester,  111 

Manchester,  Ind 

Manchester,  Iowa 

Manchester,  Ky 

Manchester,  Me 

Manchester,  Md 

Manchester,  Md 

Manchester,  Ma<<s 

Manchester,  Mich 

Manchester,  Mich 

Manchester,  Minn 

Manchester,  Neb 

Manchester,  N.H 

Manchester,  N.J 

Manchester,  N.J 

Manchester,  N.Y 

Manchester,  0 

Manchester,  O 

Mancliester,  0 

Manchester,  Pa 

Manchester,  Pa 

Manchester,  Pa 

Manchester,  S.O 

Manchester,  S.D 

Manchester,  Tenn 

Manchester,  Xt 

Manchester,  Va 

Manchester,  Va 

Manchester,  Wis 

Manchester,  Wis 

Mancos,  Col 

Mandan,  N.U 

Mandaiin,  Fla 

Mandeville,  La 

Mandt,  Minn 

Manfred,  Minn 

Mangohick,  Va 

Mangum,  N.C 

Mangum,  Okla 

Mangiis,  N.M 

Manhattan,  III 

Manhattan,  III 

Manhattan,  Kan 

Manhattan,  Kan 

Manheim,  N.Y 

Manheim,  Pa 

Manheim,  Pa 

Munheim,  Pa 

Manilla,  Iowa 

Manistee,  Mich 

Manistee,  Mich..  

Manistiquo,  Mich 

Manistiqne,  Mich 

Manito,  III... 

Manito,  HI 

Manitou,  Col 

Manitou,  Mich 

Manitou  Springs,  Col... 

Manitowoc,  Wis 

Manitowoc,  Wis 

Manitowoc  Rapids,Wi8. 

Mankato,  Kan 

Mankato,  Minn 

Mankatfl,  Minn 

Manley,  Ga 

Manlius,  III 

Manlius,  III 

Manlius,  Mich  

Manlius,  N.Y 

Manlius,  N.Y 

Manly,  N.C 

Mann,  Ga 

Mann,  Pa 

Mann  Creek,  Idaho 

Manney  Neck,  N.C 

Mannfield,  Fla 

11 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-viU 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

|)ost-twp 

city 

mag  -dist 

post-town 

district 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

precinct 

city 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

post  twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

city 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

city 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

village 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

post-tow  n 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

iwst-vill 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

township 

precinct 

town.«hip 

post-prect 


fk)unty. 


Juab 

Fulton 

Kandiyohi.. 
Monmouth.. 

Meeker 

Meeker 

Monmouth.. 

Conejos 

Conejos 

Prince  William 
Prince  William 

Manatee 

Manatee 

Waupaca 

Antrim 

Antrim 

Clark 

Dallas 

Hartford 

Boone 

Scott 

Dearborn 

Delaware 

Clay 

Kenni'bec 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Kssex 

Washtenaw 

Washtenaw 

Freeborn 

Boone 

Hillsborough... 

Ocean 

Passaic 

Ontario 

.\dam8 

Adams 

Morgan 

Wayne.., 

York 

York 

Sumter 

Kingsbury 

Co flee 

Bennington 

Chesterfield 

Chesterfield 

Green  Lake 

Jackson 

Montezuma 

Morton 

Duval 

St.  Tammany... 

Chiiipewa 

Lac-qui-l'arle... 
King  William 

Durham 

Greer. 

Socorro 

Will 

Will 

Riley 

Riley 

Herkimer 

Lancaster 

Lancaster 

York 

Crawford 

Manistee 

Manistee 

Schoolcraft 

Schoolcraft 

Mason 

Mason 

El  Paso 

Manitou 

El  Paso 

Manitowoc 

Manitowoc 

Manitowoc 

Jewell 

Blue  Earth 

Blue  Earth 

Franklin 

Bureau 

La  Salle 

Allegan 

Onondaga 

Onondaga 

Moore 

Morgan 

Hedfonl 

Washington 

Hertford 

Citrus 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


291 

bM> 

2,175 

050 

114 


250 

1,949 

361 


364 

429 

105 

1,220 

800 

6,462 

929 

394 

2,213 

2,275 

3,8:5.3 

623 

3,501 

640 

],tl40 

2,394 

1,156 

784 

816 

32,&iO 

1,05' 

1,513 

3,920 

1,493 

1,455 

723 

1,393 

2,ti.36 

430 

590 


438 
1,928 
8,887 
5,729 
1,199 

505 


239 


753 

172 

138 

2,.549 

2,354 


930 


961 
2,105 
2,421 
2,935 
1,61)6 
1,293 


773 

6,930 

693 


1,237 
434 


73 

422 

1,282 

6,367 

2,077 

506 

1,284 

6,550 

957 

984 

2,114 

1,020 

5,954 

834 

161 

729 

834 


1,482 


286 

1,697 

608 

2,002 

562 

562 

1,506 

709 

642 

2,287 

630 

643 

289 

350 

2,323 

1,205 

1,648 

1,475 

8,222 

935 

408 

1,776 

2,344 

?  4,000 

612 

3,464 

273 

1,789 

2,178 

1,191 

850 

1,485 

41,126 

1,057 

2,576 

4,439 

1,988 

1,966 

621 

1,262 

1,783 

613 

380 

621 

1,907 

13,632 

9,246 

1,024 

560 

6;J5 

1,328 

2,307 

1,012 

450 

138 

2,411 

2,419 

202 

193 

1,061 

267 

995 

3,004 

3,809 

2,883 

2,070 

1,258 

526 

2,631 

12,812 

2,161 

2,940 

1,187 

444 

1,613 

105 

1,439 

1,275 

7,710 

1,914 

80(J 

1,364 

8,838 

692 

810 

2,683 

1,140 

6,4.53 

942 

192 

882 

891 

292 

1,628 

303 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Manning,  Iowa 

Manning,  N.C 

Manning,  N.D 

Manning,  S.C 

Manning.  S.C 

Manning,  S.C 

Manuingham,  Ala.... 

Mannington,  N.J 

Manninfjton,  W.  Va.. 
Mannington,  W.  Va.. 
Mann's  Choice,  Pa.... 

Mannsville,  Ky 

Mannsville,  Ky 

Mannsville,  N.Y 

Manor,  Pa , 

Manor,  Pa , 

Manor,  Pa 

Manor,  Tex 

Manorville,  Pa , 

Mansfield,  Ark , 

Mansfield,  Conn 

Mansfield,  111 

Mansfield,  La , 

Mansfield,  Mass 

Mansfield,  Minn 

Mansfield,  N.J , 

Mansfield,  N.J 

Mansfield,  N.Y 

Mansfield,  0 , 

Mansfield,  Pa 

Mansfield,  Pa , 

Mansfield,  Tex 

Manson,  Iowa 

Manston,  Minn 

Mansura,  lia , 

Manteno,  111 

Manteno,  111 

Manti,  Utah 

Manti,  Utah 

Manton,  Mich 

Mantorville,  Minn.... 
Mantorville,  Minn..., 

Mantua,  Ala , 

Mantua,  Iowa 

Mantua,  N.J 

Mantua,  0 

Mantua,  Utah 

Mantua,  Va 

Mantua  Station,  0 

Manuelitas,  N.M 

Manvilla,  Ala 

31any,  La 

Many,  La 

Manyaska,  Minn 

Manzaoo,  N.M 

Maple,  Iowa 

Maple,  Iowa 

Maple,  Kan 

Maple,  Neb 

Maple  Creek,  Neb 

Maple  Creek,  Neb 

Maple  Creek,  Neb 

Maple  Creek,  Wis 

Maple  Forest,  Mich.... 
Maple  Grove,  Mich.... 

Maple  Grove,  Mich 

Maple  Grove,  Mich.... 
Maple  Grove,  Minn.... 

Maple  Grove,  Neb 

Maple  Grove,  Wis 

Maple  Grove,  Wis 

Maple  Grove,  Wis 

Maple  Hill,  Kan 

Maple  Lake,  Minn.... 

Maple  Park,  111 

Maple  Rapids,  Mich... 
Maple  Ridse,  Mich.... 
Maple  Ridge,  Mich.... 
Maple  Ridge,  Minn... 
Maple  River,  Mich.... 

Maple  River,  N.D 

Maple  River,  N.D 

MaplesviUe.  Ala 

Maplcton,  Iowa 

Mapleton,  Kan 

MapletoD,  Me 

Mapleton,  Minn 

Mapleton,  Minn 

Mapleton,  N.D 

Mapleton,  N.D 

Mapleton,  Ore 

Mapleton,  Pa 

Mapleton,  S.D 

Maple  Valley,  Iowa... 
Maple  Valley,  Mich... 
Maple  Valley,  Mich... 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

mag.-dist 

post-bmlt 

post-vill 

township 

township 

village 

post-town 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

city 

l)orough 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-town 

post-lwp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

city 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

ward 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

townshvp 

post-vill 

precinct 

IX)8t-boro' 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 


County. 


Carroll 

Nash 

Kidder.... 

Clarendon 

Clarendon 

Marion 

Butler 

Salem 

Marion 

Marion 

Bedford.. 

Taylor 

Taylor 

Jefferson 

Armstrong 

Lancaster 

Westmoreland. 

Travis 

Armstrong 

Sebastian 

Tolland 

Piatt 

DeSoto 

Bristol 

Freeborn 

Burlington 

Warren 

Cattaraugus.... 

Richland 

Alleghany 

Tioga 

Tarrant 

Calhoun. ........ 

Wilkin 

Avoyelles 

Kankakee 

Kankakee 

San  Pete 

S,an  Pite 

Wexfoid 

D.dge 

Dodge 

Greene 

Monroe 

Gloucester 

Portage 

Box  Elder 

Lancaster 

Portage 

Sau  Bliguel , 

Mobile , 

Sabine 

Sabine , 

Martin , 

Valencia 

Ida 

Monona 

Cowley 

Dodge 

Colfax 

Furnas 

Stanton 

Outagamie 

Cntwford 

Barry 

Manistee 

Saginaw 

Hennepin 

Johnson 

Barron 

Manitowoc 

Shawano. 

Wabaunsee 

Wright 

Kane 

Clinton 

Alpena 

Delta 

Isanti 

Emmet 

Cass 

Ransom 

Chilton 

Monona 

Bourbon 

Aroostook... 

Blue  Earth. 

Blue  Earth 

Cass 

Cass 

Lane 

Huntingdon 

Minnehaha 

Buena  Vista 

Montcalm 

Sanilac 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,785 


1,770 
1,766 
2,230 
4,863 


1,344 

77 

473 

1,.508 

6,186 


120 
327 


2,164 

398 

770 

2,165 

552 

1,648 

1,709 

1,106 

9,869 

1,172 

1,611 

249 

377 

237 


1,519 

632 

1,801 

1,748 

214 

83J 

477 

1,125 

1,217 

1,718 

1,150 

35f: 

1,744 

216 


926 

1,918 

143 

271 


869 
926 
581 


527 
346 


818 

80 

1,530 

97 

1,3S3 

1,155 


505 
1,-623 
600 
004 
576 
386 
605 


242 
376 
164 


1,122 
379 
53 
706 
686 
361 


444 


657 

2,293 

9391 

153 


1,233 

2,622 

64 

2,134 

1,069 

2,452 

1,538 

1,870 

5,6()5 

903 

36;i 

l,6i9 

83 

389 

2,859 

4,900 

578 

405 

392 

24;{ 

1,9U 

633 

908 

3,432 

653 

1,671 

1,362 

1,022 

13,473 

2,352 

1,762 

418 

822 

241 

144 

1,398 

027 

2,022 

1,950 

661 

749 

460 

1,166 

1,340 

1,791 

1,366 

337 

1,761 

676 

305 

867 

2,650 

133 

400 

658 

1,095 

6it3 
778 
761 
436 
34S 
815 
316 
1,375 
361 
l,7l« 
1,197 
0:^7 
976 
1,585 
1,400 
882 
899 
382 
633 
598 
241 
654 
603 
338 
310 
947 
782 
175 

8;i2 

610 
607 
310 
119 
183 
716 
359 
746 
1,808 
1,692 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Xui«  of  pUoe  M>4 


Mapio  Valley,  Wis. 

Maplewood,  Ilid 

klaiiluwuod,  Nliin 

Maqiiuketa,  Iowa. 

Uaqiioketic  Iowa. 

Maquou,  III 

Maquoii,  III „ 

Marathon,  Mich 

Maraihoii,  N.Y 

Maiiithon,  NY 

Muruihou,  Wis 

Marnthun,  WU 

Uaible,  Ark 

Wail.le,  Ark 

Marl.le.Ark 

Marbl..,  Minn 

Miiille,  Noh 

Marble  Creek,  Ky 

Marble  Kails,  Tex 

Mitrbleliead,  Mass 

Mnrble  Hill,  Mo 

Marble  Ruck,  Iowa 

Marbletown,  N.Y 

Murble  Valley,  Ala 

Marceline,  Mo 

Marceline,  Mo 

Blurcellun,  Wia 

Marcelliis,  Mich 

Marcellua,  Mich 

Marcellus.N.Y 

Marcellus.N.Y 

MnrciimviUe,  Ala. 

Marcus,  Iowa 

Marcus,  Iowa 

Marcus,  Wash 

Marcy,  Iowa 

Marcy,  N.Y 

Marcy,  Pa. 

Murtlisvllle,  Ala 

Marena,  Kau 

Marengo,  111 

Marengo,  III 

Mareiii^u,  Iiid 

Maruugo,  Iowa 

Mare.igu,  Iowa 

Marengo,  Mich 

Marengo,  0 

Mareiiisco,  Mich 

Maressa,  III 

Margaretta,  0 

Margarcttsville,  N.O.... 

Margaretville,  N.Y 

Mariauna,  .\rk 

MariauTia,  Fla 

Mariaville,  Mo 

Marice  Oity,  0 

Marie  Saline,  Ark 

Marietta,  Ga 

Marietta,  Ga 

Marii-tta,  Iowa 

Marietta,  Neb 

Marietta,  O 

Mariettii,  0 

Marietta,  Pa 

Marietta,  Wig 

Marilla,  Midi 

Marilla,  N.Y 

Marine,  III 

Marine.  Ill 

Marino,  Minn 

Marine,  Miun 

Marino  City,  Mich 

Marinette,  Wis 

Marion,  Ala. 

Marion,  Ala 

Marion,  Ark 

Marion,  Ark 

Mariiiii,  Ark _„ 

Marion,  Ark 

Marion,  Ark 

Marion,  Ark 

Marion,  Ark 

Marion,  Kla. 

Marion,  Ga 

Marion,  III 

Marion,  III  „ 

Marion,  Ill._ 

Marion,  III 

Marion,  Ind 

Marion,  Inil , 

M«irion,  Ind „ 

Marion,  Ind 

Marion,  Ind ^ 

Marion,  Ind 

Marion,  Ind 

M»r.oD,Ind 

154 


Bank  of 
piM*. 


po«t-twp 

townahlp 

township 

towosUip 

city 

township 

pust-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

|iuf>t-town 

post-town 

poat-vill 

post-town 

post- town 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

|)ost-twp 

township 

post-vill 

lK)8t-ti>wn 

township 

city 

post-twp 

lH>st-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

village 

township 

mil.-dist 

city 

p<i9t-twp 

precinct 

township 

city 

post-boro' 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

city 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

precinct 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 


Conutj. 


Oconto , 

Fayette , 

Otter  Tall , 

Jacksuh 

Jackson 

Knox 

Knox 

Lapeer 

(.Xjrtland 

Cortland..* 

Marathon 

Marathon 

Garland 

Madison 

Saline 

Lincoln. 

Saunders 

Jessamine 

Burnet 

Essex 

Kollinger. 

Floyd 

Ulster...- 

Coosa 

Linn 

Linn 

Columbia 

Cass 

Cass 

Onondaga 

Onondaga 

Tuscaloosa 

Cherokee 

Cherokee 

Stevens 

Iloone 

Oneida 

Luzerne 

Talladega 

Hodgeman 

Mcllenry , 

McHeury 

Crawford 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Calhoun 

Morrow 

Gogebic.  ........ 

Saint  Clair 

Erie 

Northampton.. 

Delaware 

Lee 

Jackson 

Hancock 

Putnam 

Ashley 

Cobb 

Cobb 

Marshal] 

Saunders 

Washington..., 
Washington.... 

Lancaster 

Crawford 

Manistee 

Erie 

Madison 

Madison 

Washington.... 
Washington.,.. 

Saint  Clair 

Marinette 

Perry 

Perry 

Bradley 

Drew 

Lawrence , 

Ouachita 

Phillips 

Sebastian 

White 

Hamilton 

Twiggs. 

Lee 

Ogle 

\Villiam»on.... 
Williamson.... 

Allen 

Boone...„ 

Decatur 

Dubois 

Grant. 

Hendricks 

Jasper 

Jennings 


PvpulAttou. 


1880.      1890. 


589 
Si 
113 

2,188 
2,467 
1,448 

648 
1,702 
1,701' 
1,006 

871 

"  3.37 

6.54 

99 

211 

806 

1,604 


7,407 
265 
409 

a,070 
657 


835 
1,829 

635 
2,678 

489 
1,477 

412 

171 


2,304 
1,413 
1,158 
1,495 
465 
2,082 
1,204 


2,487 

1,738 

1,272 

91 


2,302 


418 
6.17 
58C 
382 


524 
5,461 
2,227 

990 

576 
8,830 
5,444 
2,.50.( 
1,o:j7 

166 
1,825 
1,925 

774 
1,467 

460 
1,673 
2,750 
6,684 
2,074 

366 
3,060 
1,141 

949 
1,619 
1,649 

700 


506 

91  >2 
1,107 
2,585 

881 
1,375 
2,307 
2,424 

920 
3,182 
1,298 
1,9.58 
1,071 


1,336 

669 

430 

971 

3,077 

1,330 

601 

1,846 

1,806 

1,198 

1,43S 

258 

336 

672 

167 

386 

814 

1,650 

687 

8,202 

267 

43:i 

3,639 

881 

2,6:58 

1,977 

845 

1,84'J 

830 

2,739 

603 

939 

1,3:57 

671 

311 

1,842 

1,213 

2,904 

1,.540 

450 

2,255 

1,445 

609 

2,227 

1,710 

1,110 

276 

225 

1,705 

2,2Hl 

63 

616 

1,126 

926 

271 

895 

4.56 

6,515 

3,:J84 

825 

921 

9,944 

8,273 

2,402 

l,:iOO 

341 

1,599 

1,6.50 

637 

1,687 

679 

3,268 

11,523 

5,289 

1,982 

400 

4,163 

785 

1,349 

2,080 

1,587 

861 

1,019 

484 

750 

1,332 

2,875 

1,.338 

1,220 

2,618 

2,038 

939 

8,769 

1,097 

2,568 

979 


Kune  of  place  and 
•Utau 


Marlon,  Ind 

Marion,  Ind 

Marion,  Ind 

Marion,  Ind 

Marion,  Ind 

Marion,  Ind , 

Marion,  Iowa 

Marion,  Iowa„ 

Marion,  Iowa 

Marion,  Iowa 

Marion,  Iowa 

Marion,  Iowa 

Marion,  Iowa 

Marion,  Iowa 

Marion,  Iowa.. 

Marion,  loua 

Marion,  Iowa 

Marion,  Kan 

Marion,  Kan , 

Marion,  Kan 

Marion,  Kan 

Marion,  Kan 

Marion,  Kan 

Marion,  Ky 

Marion,  Ky 

Marion,  Me 

Marion,  Mass 

Marion,  Mich 

Marion,  Mich 

Marion,  Mich„ 

Marion,  Mich 

Marion,  Mich 

Marion,  Miun 

Marion,  Bio 

Marion,  Mo 

Marion,  Mo 

Marion,  Mo 

Marion,  Mo 

Marion,  Mo 

Marion,  Mo 

Marion,  Mo 

Marion,  Mo 

Marion,  Mo 

Marion,  Mo 

Marion,  Mo 

Marion,  Mo 

Marion,  Neb 

Marion,  N.Y 

Marion,  N  C 

Marion,  N.C 

Marion,  O 

Marion,  O 

Marion,  O 

Marion,  O 

Marion,  O 

Marion,  O 

Marion,  0 

Marion,  O 

Marion,  0 

Marion,  O 

Marion,  0 

Marion,  0 

Marion,  0 

Marion,  0 

Marion,  Ore 

Marion,  Pa 

Marion,  Pa 

Marion,  Pa 

Marion,  Pa 

Marion,  Pa 

Marion,  S.C 

Marion,  S.C 

Marion,  Va 

Marion,  Va 

Marion,  Wis 

Marion,  Wii* 

Marion,  Wis 

Marion,  Wig 

Marion  Junction,  Ala 

Msrionville,  Mo 

Marionville,  Pa 

Mariposa,  Cat 

MaripoKa,  Iowa 

Mariposa,  Neb 

Marissa,  III 

Mark,  0 

Mark  Creek.  N.C 

Markesan,  Wis 

Market  Lake,  Idaho.. 

Markey,  Jlich 

Markle,  Ind 

Markleeville,  Cal 

Markleabnrg,  Pa 

Marks  Creek,  N.C 

Marksville,  I<a 

Marksville,  Va 


Bank  of 
pluoe. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

towngbip 

township 

city 

township 

mag  -dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

town^llip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

IK>8t-prect 

townnhip 

township 

township 

township 

borough 

township 

post-vill 

niag.-dist 

I)o»t-tow  n 

township 

township 

post-vill 

townsiiip 

precinct 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

ix)8t-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

liorough 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 


County. 


Lawrence 

Monroe 

Owen 

Pike 

Putnam 

Shelby 

Clayton 

Davis 

Franklin 

Hamilton 

Henry^ 

Lee 

Linn 

Linn 

Marshall 

Plymouth 

Washington.... 

Bourlion 

Doniphan 

Douglas 

Lincoln „. 

Marion 

Nemaha 

Crittenden 

Crittenden 

Washington.... 

Plymouth 

Cliarlevoix 

Livingston 

Osceola 

Saginaw 

Sanilac 

Olmsted 

Buchanan 

Cole... 

Dade 

Daviess 

Grundy 

Harrison 

Jas|ier 

Mercer 

Monroe 

Newton 

Ozark 

Polk 

Saint  Kran9oiB 

Franklin 

Wayne 

McDowell 

McDowell 

Allen 

Clinton 

Fayette 

Franklin 

Hancock 

Hardin 

Henry 

Hocking 

Marion 

Marion 

Mercer 

Morgan 

Noble 

Pike 

Marion 

Beaver 

Berks 

Butler 

Centj-e 

Indiana 

Marlon 

Maiion 

Smylh 

Smyth 

Grant 

Juneau 

Waupaca 

Waushara 

Dallas 

Lawrence 

Forest 

Mariposa 

Jasper 

Saunders 

Saint  Clair 

Defiance 

Wake 

Green  Lake 

Bingham 

K'jsconmion 

Huntington.... 

Alpine 

Huntingdon ... 

Richmond 

Avoyelles 

Page..„ 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   KETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Marlar,  S.V 

Marlborough,  Conn 

Marlborough,  Mil 

Marlborough,  Muss 

Marlborough,  N.  H 

Marlborough,  N..J 

Marlborough,  N.Y 

Marlborough,  N.Y 

Jlarlborough,  N.C 

Marlborough,  0 

Marlliorougli,  0 

Marlborough,  0 

Marlborough,  Pa 

MarlboroUBh,  Vt 

Marlette,  Mich 

JIarlln,  Tex 

Marlow,  N.H 

Marniatun,  Kan 

Marmaton,  Kan 

Maroa,  III 

Maroa,  111 

Marple,  Pa 

Marquam,  Ore 

Marquette,  Kan 

Marquette,  Kan 

Marquette,  Mich 

Marquette,  Mich 

Marquette,  Mich 

Marquette,  Neb 

Marquette,  Wis 

Marr,  Ind 

Marriott,  Utah 

Marrowbone,  III 

Marri  owbone,  Ky 

Marrowbone,  Ky 

Marrowbone  Creek,  Ky 

Marseilles,  111 

Marseilles,  0 

Marseilles,  0 

Marsh,  N.C 

Marshall,  Ark 

Marshall,  Ark 

Marshall,  111 

Miirslmll,  III 

Marshall,  Ind 

Marshall,  Iowa 

Marshall,  Iowa 

Marshall,  Iowa 

Jtarshall,  Iowa 

Marshall,  Md 

Marshall,  Mich 

Mai-sh'.tll,  Mich 

Mareliall,  Minn 

Siarshall,  Minn 

Marshall,  Mo 

Marshall,  Mo 

Marshall,  Mo 

Slarshall,  Neb 

Marshall,  N.Y 

Marshall,  N.C 

Marshall,  N.C 

Mai-shall,  0 

Marshall,  Pa 

Marshall,  Tex 

Marsliall,  Va 

Marshall,  Va 

Marshall,  Va 

Marshall,  Wis 

Marshall,  Wis 

Marshall  Basin,  Col 

Marshallton,  Del 

Marshalltown,  Iowa.... 

Marshallville,  Ga 

Marshallville,  Ga 

Marshallville,  0 

Maislian,  Minn 

Warshfield,  Me 

Marshfield,  Mass 

Marshfield,  Minn 

Marshflcid,  Mo 

Marshfield,  Ore 

JIarsbfield,  Ore 

Marshfield,  Vt 

Marshfield,  Wis 

Marshfield,  Wig 

Marshfield,  Wi<< 

Marsh  Fork,  W.  Va 

Marsli  Grove,  Minn 

Mars  Hill,  Ark 

Mars  Hill,  Ark 

Mars  Hill,  Ga 

Mars  Hill,  Me 

Marsliland,  Ore 

Marshland,  Wis 

Marsh  Mill,  N.D 

Hartel,  Wig 


Kank  of 
place. 


township 

lX)8t-tOWU 

district 

post-towu 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

I>>8t-vill 

village 

township 

township 

post- vi  11 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post  twp 

jxjst-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

city 

jwst-vill 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

township 

mag.-dist 

niag.-dist 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

district 

township 

city 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

city 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

city 

mag.-dist 

niag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

city 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

city 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

IK)Rt-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 


County. 


Jerauld 

Hartford 

Prince  George's 

Middlesex 

Cheshire 

Monmouth 

Ulster 

Ulster 

Pitt 

Delaware 

Stark 

Stark 

Montgomery.... 

Windham 

Sanilac 

Falls 

Cheshire 

Allen 

Bourbon 

Macon 

Macon 

Delaware 

Clackamas 

McPherson 

McPherson 

Mackinac 

Marquette 

Marquette 

Hamilton 

Green  Lake 

Posey 

Weber 

Moultrie 

Cumberland 

Leslie 

Pike 

La  Salle 

Wyandot 

Wyandot 

Surry 

Searcy 

While 

Clark 

Clark 

Lawrence 

Louisa 

Marshall 

Pocahontas 

Taylor 

Harford 

Calhoun 

Calhoun 

Lyon 

Mower 

Platte 

Saline 

Saline 

Clay 

Oneida 

Madison'. 

Madison 

Highland 

Alleghany 

Harrison 

Buckingham.... 

Fauquier 

Richmond 

Dane 

Richland 

San  Miguel 

New  Castle 

Marshall 

Macon 

Macon 

Wayne 

Dakota 

Washington 

Plymouth 

Lincoln 

Webster 

Coos 

Coos 

Washington 

Fond  du  Lac... 

Wood 

Wood 

Raleigh 

Marshall 

Lafayette 

Washington 

Oconee 

Aroostook 

Columbia 

Buffalo 

Barnes 

Pierce  


Population. 


391 
4,014 
10,127 
1,28b 
2,193 
3,472 


79 
360 

1,942 
285 

1,212 
553 

1,700 


701 
712 
1,071 
1,95n 
870 
899 
531 
537 


211 
3,931 


938 

2,050 

243 

1,678 

1,458 

709 

650 

1,882 

840 

273 

813 

160 

650 

2,928 

1,885 

972 

769 

6,240 


1,265 

4,877 
989 

3,7ur. 

961 

578 

1,910 

6,945 

2,701 

408 

2,276 

2,.'>85 

175 

811 

748 

6,624 

2,626 

6,461 

2,109 

332 


131 

6,240 

1,821 

543 

376 

563 

300 

1,781 

170 

665 

1,006 

642 

1,102 

2,044 

Xii 

669 

1,121 


4.57 
1,746 


716 
160 
302 


1,284 


138 

582 

3,574 

13,805 

1,695 

1,913 

3,598 

870 

92 

433 

1,808 

271 

1,161 

405 

2,370 

2,058 

684 

1,477 

1,456 

2,084 

1,164 

884 

1,683 

929 

367 

310 

268 

6,078 

2GI 

812 

2,066 

223 

1,888 

1,771 

701 

855 

2,210 

828 

213 

902 

278 

744 

2,931 

1,900 

1,463 

656 

8,914 

420 

1,200 

4,712 

873 

3,968 

1,203 

608 

1,623 

7,876 

4,297 

596 

2,145 

3,841 

203 

663 

9,50 

7,207 

2,409 

6,001 

2,088 

282 

909 

287 

419 

8,914 

2,569 

1,086 

366 

499 

299 

1,713 

259 

980 

1,036 

1,461 

1,121 

1,938 

701 

3.460 

1,539 

258 

511 

584 

453 

837 

180 

678 

146 

1,292 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Marthaville,  La 

Martic,  Pa 

Martin,  Ala 

Martin,  Ark 

Martin,  Cal 

Martin,  Ga 

Martin,  Ga 

Martin,  Idaho 

Martin,  III 

Martin,  III 

Martin,  Kan 

Martin,  Kan , 

Martin,  Mich 

Martin,  Minn 

Martin,  Miss 

Martin,  Neb 

Martin,  N.D 

Martin,  S  C 

Martin  &  Burney,  Ga... 

Martiney,  Mich 

Martinez,  Cal 

Martinez,  N.M 

Martin  Ford,  Ga 

Martin  Fork,  Ky 

Martinslinrg,  III 

Martinsburg,  Ind 

Maitinsburg,  Iowa 

Martinsburg,  Ky 

Martinsburg,  Ky 

Blartinsburg,  Ky 

Martinsburg,  Minn 

Martinsburg,  Mo 

Martinsburg,  N.Y 

Martinsburg,  0 

Martinsburg,  Pa 

Martinsburg,  W.  Va.... 

Martin's  Ferry,  0 

Martin  Springs,  Ky 

Martin  Store,  Tenn 

Martinsville,  III 

Martinsville,  111 

Martinsville,  Ind 

Martinsville,  0 

Martinsville,  Va 

Martinton,  111 

Martinton,  III 

Marville,  Ga 

Marvin,  Neb 

Marvyn,  Ala 

Mary,  Minn 

Mary  Ann,  0 

Mary   Hays    Academy, 

Tenn 

Maryland,  111 

Maryland,  N.Y 

Marysland,  Minn 

Marysvale,  Utah 

Marysville,  Cal 

Marysville,  Cal 

Slarysville,  111 

Marysville,  Iowa 

Marysville,  Kan 

Marysville,  Kan 

Marysville,  Kan 

Marysville,  Minn 

Marysville,  Mont 

Marysville,  Mont 

Marysville,  0 

Marysville,  Ore 

Mnrysvillf,  Pa 

Marysville,  .''.C 

Marysville,  Wash 

Marysville,  Wash 

Maryville,  Mo 

Maryville,  Tenn 

Masardis,  Me 

Mascotte,  Fin 

Mascoutah,  III 

Mascoutah,  111 

Mashpee,  Mass 

Mason,  Ark 

Mason,  Idaho 

Mason,  III 

Mason,  111 

Mason,  Iowa 

Mason,  Iowa 

Mason,  Ky 

Mason,  Me 

Mason,  Blich 

Mason,  Mich 

Mason,  Mich 

Mason,  Minn 

Mason,  Mo 

Mason,  N.H 

Mason,  0 

Mason,  0 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-town 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post  piect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

post  town 

poft-prect 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

village 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

mag.-dist 

city 

precinct 

civil-dist 

township 

post-vill 

city 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

l)08t-vill 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

township 

civil-dist 

post-twp 

post- town 

township 

post-prect 

township 

city 

village 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

precinct 

^Hjst-boro' 

village 

precinct 

post-vill 

city 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

city 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 


County. 


Natchitoches ... 

Lancaster 

Dallas 

Pope 

San  Bernardino 

Gwinnett 

Morgan 

Alturas. 

Crawford 

McLean 

Kiowa 

Smith 

Allegan 

Rock 

Claiborne 

Hall 

Walsh 

Anderson 

Jasper 

Mecosta 

Contra  Costa. 

Colfax 

Lumpkin 

HarlaO 

Pike 

Washington.. 

Keokuk 

Elliott 

Elliott 

Monroe 

Renville 

Audrain.  ..... 

Lewis 

Knox 

Blair 

Berkeley 

Belmont 

Whitley 

Weakley 

Clark 

Clark 

Morgan 

Clinton 

Henry 

Iroquois 

Iroquois 

Columbia 

Perkins 

Russell 

Norman 

Licking 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


Weakley 

Ogle 

Otsego 

Swilt 

Pi  Ute 

Yuba 

Yuba 

Vermilion 

Marion 

Marshall 

Marshall 

Miami 

Wright 

Lewis  &  Clarke 
Lewis  &  Clarke 

Union 

Grant 

Perry 

Berkeley 

Snohom  sh 

Snohomish 

Nodaway 

Blount 

Aroostook 

Lake 

Saint  Clair 

Saint  Clair 

Barnstable 

Yell 

Nez  Perces 

Effingham 

Effingham 

Cerro  Gordo 

Taylor 

Grant 

Oxford 

Arenac 

Cass 

Ingham 

Murray 

Marion 

Hillsborough... 

Lawrence 

Warren 


1,986 

1,909 

824 


1,087 
800 


1,125 
1,026 


J, 213 
646 


1,910 
695 
192 


280 
6:«i 

1,353 
12(; 
154 

1,672 
83 
6:15 
150 
225 

2,386 
199 
667 

6,335 

3,819 
700 

1,417 

l,9:j8 

663 
1,943 

365 
3,785 
1,275 

142 


2,122 
248 
961 

1,208 

1,301 

2,324 

218 

297 

6,012 

4,321 

368 

340 

3,781 

1,249 

1,699 

1,112 


2,061 

4.W 

1,206 


3,485 

1,098 

212 


2,568 
346 


1,828 
621 

3,077 
824 


94 

112 

889 

1,809 

148 

11,534 

645 

2,021 

431 

165 


382 

1,826 

1,797 
892 
134 

1,022 
695 
22 

1,383 

1,428 
365 
663 

1,.31.1 

1,010 

7« 

350 

373 

2,098 
773 
6:« 

1,600 
477 
26d 
964 

1,186 
85 
322 

2,105 
151 

1,607 
360 
270 

1,982 
257 
588 

7,226 

6,250 
984 

2,640 

2,056 
779 

2,680 
33G 

3,768 

1,099 
125 

1,785 
431 

2,412 
435 
882 

1,143 

1,270 

2,199 

248 

228 

4,63* 

3,991 

186 

348 

656 

1,913 

1,597 

1,242 

1,489 

1,489 

2,810 

227 

1,115 

421 

664 

263 

4,037 

1,686 

250 

608 

3,276 

2,032 

298 

265 

195 

1,695 

425 

4,598 

806 

742 

80 

399 

776 

1,876 

252 

13,7z0 

6'2« 

1,7Y8 

664 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Mum  nf  pUtM  and 


poat-town 

pMt'Vlll 

poat-twp 
lowndiip 
towiiahlp 
township 
po8t-vill 
poat-vill 
inag.-dUt 
civildist 
clvil-dUt 
poat-boro' 
pust-vill 
Miisunville,  Ky ..!  ma^.-ditt 


Maann,  Tenn 

MMOa,  W.  V*. 

Mmoii.  WU. 

MMiin*,  Ark.- 

MMonboruuch,  N.O.. 

M«Mn  City.  Ill- 

MMon  Oily,  III.. 

Maaon  City,  Iowa..... 

Mmoii  Onrak,  Ky 

Mmuii  Qitive,  Teno.. 
Mason  Ilall,  Tei>D.... 

Maaontown,  V* 

Maaoii  Valley,  Nev.. 


Banker 
pUoa. 


Ma^oDVille,  Mich.., 
MasouTille,  N.r... 

MaMacn,  FU 

Maiaena,  Iowa 

Massena,  Iowa 

Maaaana,  N.Y 

Maaaeiia,  N.Y.. 


poat-twp 

poat  town 

poat-proct 

township 

poat-vill 

township 

post-Till 

Massey,  Ky i  mat^.-dist 

district 

township 

niag.-digt 

township 

post-twp 

city 

township 

post-towu 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

poat-vill 

townsliip 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post -tow  a 

townsliip 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-boro' 

post- town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

civil-dlst 

city 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

beat 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

poat-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

|iost-prect 

township 

towntliip 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

IK>8t-twp 

post-prect 

township 

miig.-dist 

city 

poat-twp 

township 


Massey,  Ud.. 

Massle,  O.. 

Masaie's  Hills,  Va 

Massillon,  III 

Maasillon,  Iowa 

Massillon,  O 

Mastodon,  Mich 

Matagorda,  Tex 

Matawan,  N.J 

Matiiey,  Ark 

Matuey,  Ore 

Matoaca,  Va. 

Matoaca,  Va 

Mattamiscontis,  Sid.. 
Matlapoisett,  Masi... 
Mattawainkeiig,  Me.. 

Mattcawan,  N.Y 

Matteson,  Ore 

Blattason,  Wis 

Matthews,  Ark 

Matthews,  N.O 

Mattliews,  N.C 

Matthews,  S.D 

Mattison,  111 

Mattisun,  Mich.. 

Matt)le,Cal , 

Mattoon,  III , 

Mattoon,Ill. , 

Mxueh  Chunk,  Pa.... 
Maiich  Chunk,  Pa..., 

Mauckport,  Iiid 

Maud,  Kail.. , 

Mauiiiee,  Ind , 

Miiurasw,  0 

Mauinella,  Ark 

Maumella,  Ark 

Mauniolle,  Ark 

Maurice  River,  N.J.. 
Maury  City,  Tenn... 

Slauston,  Wis 

Mavity,  Ky 

Max.  Neb 

Maxatawny,  Pa 

Maxey,  .\rk 

Maxtielil,  Iowa 

Maxfield,  Me 

Maxton,  N.C 

Maxville,  Kla 

Maxville,  Miss 

Maxville,  WU 

Maxwell,  Cal 

Maxwell,  Col 

Maxwell,  Iowa. 

Maxwell,  Minn 

Blaxwell,  Nob 

May,  Ill.„ 

May,  III 

May,  Mo.. 

May,  Neb , 

JUybell,  Col 

Mayberry,  III 

Mayberry,  Pa 

Maybinton,  8.C 

May  Day,  Kan 

Mayd-ll,  3.D 

M  lyesville,  S.C 

Mayesville.  S.C. 

May  field,  Cal 

Mayfleld,  Idaho 

Mayfleld,  111 

Mayfleld,  Ky 

Mayfleld,  Ky 

Mavfleld,  Mich 

Mayfleld,  Mich...... 

156 


Cunnty. 


Tipton 

Muaon 

Uayfleld 

Cblcot 

New  Hanover... 

Maaou 

Mnson 

Cerro  Gordo.. .. 

Perry 

CnKkett 

Obion 

Kayette 

Lyon 

Ditvieas 

Delta. 

Delaware 

Sumter 

Cass 

Ciisa , 

St.  Lawrence.. 
St.  Lawrence... 

Allen , 

Kent 

Wiirren , 

Nelson 

Wiiyue 

Cedar. 

Stark 

Iron 

Matagorda 

Monmouth 

Baxter 

Gilliam 

Chesterfleld.. .. 
Chesterfield.. .. 

Penobscot 

Plymouth 

Penobscot 

Dutchess 

Morrow 

Waupaca 

Fiiulkner 

Chatham 

Mecklenburg.. 

Kingsbury 

Cook 

Branch 

Humboldt 

Coles 

Coles 

Carbon 

Carbon 

Harrison 

Morton 

Allen 

Lucas 

Craighead 

Perry 

Pulaski 

Cumberland.... 

Crockett 

.luiieau 

Boyd 

Dundy 

Berks 

Franklin 

Bremer 

Penobscot 

Kobeson 

Duval 

(!larke 

Buffalo 

Colusa  

Las  Animas.... 

Story... 

Luc-qui-Parle... 

Lincoln 

Christian.... 

Lee 

Platte 

Kearney 

Routt 

Hamilton... 
Montour .... 
Newberry... 

Riley 

Clark 

Sumter. 

Sumter 

Santa  Clara 

Elmore 

De  Kalb 

Graves....... 

Graves 

Grand  Traverse 
Lapeer 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


I,18U 


26U 

62 

2,44a 

1,714 

2,iiI0 


624 
732 
37U 


941) 

2ai 

1,673 


434 


2,73'J 


672 
3,975 
1,431 
6,758 
660 
891 
6,83C 


438 

2,r.'J9 

353 


4,415 

60G 

fi4 

1,365 
456 

4,411 


520 

450 

1,381 

191 


451 
1,339 

663 
6,644 
6,737 
4,082 
3,752 

278 


437 

l,7so 

821 

141 

200 

2,374 

1,511 

1,013 


2,843 

1,048 

863 

139 

214 


2,900 
414 


793 
848 
899 
192 


1,504 
705 


2,:«)t 
396 


868 
5,417 
1,839 

449 
1,730 


2S2 

1,029 

1,095 

318 

6:111 

2,606 

1,K69 

4,007 

TUX) 

716 

706 

391 

677 

977 

924 

1,397 

111 

949 

279 

2,740 

1,049 

7:55 

3,660 

1,203 

6,186 

697 

882 

10,092 

111 

399 

3,IS3 

690 

126 

4,162 

545 

47 

1,148 

6:J3 

4,278 

264 

860 

670 

1,848 

355 

612 

32:1 

1,169 

529 

7,790 

6,8:!3 

2,418 

4,101 

272 

80 

614 

1,645 

884 

156 

337 

2,279 

1,662 

1,34:1 

309 

357 

2,264 

1,366 

912 

l:J4 

694 

349 

2,779 

602 

500 

217 

4.53 

2.5(1 

141 

864 

7o:$ 

967 

617 

88 

1,981 

198 

1,181 

570 

190 

2,720 

706 

1,100 

111 

7H7 

8,070 

2,909 

560 

1,204 


Name  of  place  and 
■Ute. 


Mavfleld.  Misa 

MHyflcld,  Mo 

Mayflol.l,  Neb 

Mayfleld,  N.Y 

Mayfleld,  O 

Mayfleld,  Utah 

Mayhew,  &c  ,  Ky 

Mayhew,  Miss 

Mayhew  Luke,  Minn... 

Alaynard,  Iowa 

Maynard,  Muss 

Mayiiai'dviUe,  Teun 

Mayo,  N.C 

Mayo  River,  Va 

Mayport,  Fla 

MayiMirt.  Flu 

Muyafleld,  Tex 

May's  Lick,  Ky 

May's  Lick,  Ky 

Maysville,  Ala 

Maysville,  Al'i 

Maysville,  Col 

Maysville,  Ga 

Maysville,  Ky 

Maysville,  Ky 

Maysville,  Mo 

Maysville,  Va 

Maytown,  Ky 

Maytown,  Pa 

Mayville,  Mich 

Mayville,  Minn 

Mavvllle,  NY 

Mayville,  N.D 

Mayville,  N.D 

Mayville,  Ore 

Mayville,  Pa 

Mayville,  Wis 

MMyville,  Wis 

Maywood,  Minn 

Ma/arn,  Ark 

Mazeppa,  Minn 

Mazeppa,  Minn 

Mazeppa,  S.D 

Mhzo  Manie,  Wis 

Mazo  Manie,  Wis 

Mazon,  III 

Meachum,  111 

Meacham,  Ore 

Mead,  Neb 

Meail,  Neb 

Mead,  0 

Mead,  I'a 

Mead,  Pa 

Meade,  Kan 

Meade,  Mich  

Mea<le,  W.  Va 

Meade,  W.  Va 

Meade,  W.Va 

Meade  Centre,  Kan 

Meaderville,  Mout 

3Ieadow,  Iowa 

Meadow,  Iowa 

Meadow,  N.C 

Meadow,  Utah 

Meadow  Bluff,  W.  Va... 
Meadow  Fork  of  Spring 

Creek,  N.C 

Meadow  Lake,  Cul 

Meadows,  Idaho 

Meadows,  Ky 

Meiidows,  N.C 

Meadows,  Ore 

Meadows  Cr's  K'ds,  Ala. 

Meadowville,  Utah 

Meadville,  Mo 

Meadville,  l*a 

Meadville,  Va 

Meansville,  Ga 

Meat  Camp,  N.C 

Mccan,  Wis 

Mecca,  0 

Mechanic,  0 

Mechanicsbnrg,  III 

Mechaiiicsburg,  111 

Mechanicsburg,  0 

Mechanicsburg,  Pa 

Mechanicsburg,  Pa 

Mechanicsburg,  Va 

Mechanicstown,  Md 

Mechaniostown,  Md 

Mechanicsville,  Iowa... 

Mochanicsville,  Md 

Meclianicsville,  N.Y 

Mechanicsville,  S.C 

Meckling,  S.D 

Mecosta,  Mich 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-beat 

township 

townsliip 

|io8t-town 

poat-twp 

poat-proct 

uiag.-ilist 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-twp 

mag  -dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

posi-viU 

precinct 

post-vill 

|H>8t-town 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

city 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

{)OSt-Vill 

post  vi  II 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post  vill 

post-prect 

borough 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-diiit 

post-vill 

township 

township 

townsliip 

low^nship 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

lK>8t  town 

city 

mag.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

borough 

mag.-dist 

district 

post-vill 

post-twp 

district 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 


Oonnty. 


Montgomery  . 

Laclede 

Hall 

Fulton 

Cuyahoga 

San  Pite 

Allen 

Lowndes 

Benton 

Fayette 

Middlesex 

Union 

Kockingham  . 

Patrick 

Duval 

Duval 

Milam 

Mason 

Mason 

Madison 

Madison 

ChatTee 

Jackson 

Mason 

Mason 

DeKalb 

Buckingham . 

Morgan 

Lancaster 

Tuscola 

Houston 

Chautauqua... 

Traill 

Traill 

Gilliam 

Lackawanna.. 

Clark 

I)"dge 

Benton 

Montgomery  . 

Wabasha 

Wabasha 

Grant 

Dane 

Dane 

Grundy 

Marion 

UniHtilla 

Merrick 

Saunders 

Belmont 

Crawford 

Warren 

Meade 

Huron 

Marshall 

Tyler 

Upshur 

Meade 

Silver  Bow 

Clay 

Plymouth 

Johnston 

Millard 

Greenbrier.... 


Madison 

Nevada 

Washington.. 

Magoifiu 

Siokes 

Jackson 

Lee 

Rich 

Linn 

Crawford 

Halifax 

Pike 

Watauga  

Marquette 

Trumbull 

Holmes 

Sangamon .... 
Sangamon .... 
Champaign... 
Cumberland.. 

Indiana 

Bland 

Frederick 

Frederick 

Cedar 

Saint  Mary's. 

Saratoga 

Darlington.... 

Clay 

Mecosta 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OP   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


JTecostn,  Mich 

Mfdaiy,  S.U 

Jlediiybenips,  Me  

Medfield,  Mass 

lledford,  Kan 

Medford,  Me 

Medford,  Mass 

Jlcdford,  Minn 

Medford,  N.J 

Medf.ird,  N.D 

Medford,  Ore 

Medford,  Ore 

Medford,  Wis 

Medford.  Wis 

Media,  Pa 

Media,  S.D 

Mediapolis,  Iowa 

Medical  Lake,  Wash... 

Medicine,  Kan 

Medicine,  Mo 

Medicine,  Mo 

Medicine,  Mo 

Medicine,  Neb 

Medicine  Creek,  Neb.. 
Medicine  Lodge,  Idaho 
Medicine  Lodge,  Kan... 
Medicine  Lodge,  Kan... 

Medina,  111 

3Ie<lina,  lud 

Medina,  Mich 

Me<lina,  Minn , 

Medina,  N.Y 

Medina,  0 

Medina,  0 

Medina,  Tenn 

Medina,  Wis 

Medo,  Minn 

Medora,  III 

Medora,  Kan , 

Medway,  Me 

Medway,  Mass , 

Medway,  S.C 

Meeker,  Col , 

Meeker,  Col , 

Meenie,  Wis 

Meeting  Creek,  Ky. 

Mehania,  Ore 

Melierrin,  Va 

Mehoopany,  Pa 

Mehiirin,  Minn 

Meigs,  O 

Meigs,0 

Meigsville,  0 

Mekniock,  N.D 

Melbourne,  Ark 

Melbourne,  Fla 

Mellenvillo,  N.Y.... 

Mellette,  S.D 

Mellette,  S.D 

Melrose,  F'la 

Melrose,  111 

Melrose,  111 

Melrose,  Iowa 

Melrose,  Mass 

Melrose,  Mich 

Melrose,  Minn 

Melrose,  Minn 

Melrose,  0 

Melrose,  N.D 

Melrose,  N  D 

Melrose,  S.D 

Melrose,  Wis 

Melton,  Ark 

Melvern,  Kan 

Melvern,  Kan 

Melville,  Iowa 

Melville,  La , 

Melville,  Minn 

Melville,  Mont 

Melville,  N.C 

Melville,  N.D 

Melvin,  III 

Memplds,  Ala 

Memphis,  Mich , 

Memphis,  Mich , 

Memphis,  Mo 

Memphis,  Tenn 

Menallen,  Pa , 

Menallen,  Pa 

Menardville,  Tex...., 

Menasha,  Wis 

MeuHsha,  Wis , 

Mendenhalls,  S.C... 

Mendliam,  N.J 

Mendocino,  Cal 

Mendocino,  Cal 


liank  of 
place. 


post- v  ill 

township 

|)08t-town 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

f)08t-lwp 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-boro' 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

townshii) 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post'Vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

IKJst-twp 

poet-town 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

niag.-dist 

posl-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post  twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-tow  n 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-vill 

village 

post-town 

city 

post-twp 

township 

posl-town 

township 

city 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 


County. 


Mecosta 

Brookings 

Washington.... 

Norfolk 

Reno 

Piscataquis 

Middlesex 

Steele 

Burlington 

Walsh 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Taylor. 

'la.vlor 

Dela«are 

Jeianld 

Des  Moines 

Spokane 

Hooks 

Livingston 

Mercer 

Putnam 

Lincoln 

Furnas 

Lemhi 

Barber 

Barber 

Peoria 

Warren 

Lenawee 

Hennepin 

Orleans 

Medina 

Medina 

Gibson 

Dane 

Blue  Earth 

Macoupin 

Kcno 

Penobscot 

Norfolk 

Clarendon , 

Uio  Blanco 

Kio  Blanco 

Manitowoc 

Hardin 

Marion 

Brunswick 

Wyoming 

Lac-qui -Parle.., 

Adams 

Muskingum 

Morgan 

Grand  Forks..., 

Izard 

Brevard 

Columbia 

Spink 

Spink 

Alachua 

Adams 

Clark 

Grundy 

Middlesex 

Charlevoix 

Stearns 

StearnH 

Paulding 

Nelson 

Steele 

Grant 

Jackson 

Jefferson 

Osage 

Osage 

Andnbon 

Saint  Landry.., 

Renville , 

Park , 

Alamance , 

Foster , 

Ford , 

Pickens 

Macomb 

Saint  Clair 

Scotland 

Shelby , 

Adams 

Fayette 

Menaril , 

Winnebago 

Winnebago , 

Newberry , 

Morris 

Mendocino 

Sonoma , 


Popnlation. 


189 


172 
1,371 

677 

398 
7,.')7:i 

761 
1,980 


51G 

604 

1,919 


423 


474 

6o5 

1,315 

818 


463 


1,204 

373 

723 

699 

1,907 

1,46-: 

3,032 

1,849 

1,484 


1,406 
850 
397 


628 
3,956 
1,039 


1,684 
1,029 

318 
4,112 

779 

76 

2,124 

1,528 

1,201 


2,175 
1,187 

753 

4,560 

79 

611 


1,320 
671 

1,305 
103 
470 


161 
i,6()7 


832 

679 

679 

1,418 

33,592 

2,010 

1,461 

67 

631 

3,144 

2,230 

1,526 


2,874 


472 

398 

166 

1,493 

555 

306 

11,079 

654 

1,864 

243 

1,196 

967 

1,094 

1,193 

2,736 

303 

489 

617 

2:iC 

606 

1,257 

949 

458 

994 

83 

1,910 

1,096 

738 

700 

1,087 

840 

4,492 

686 

2,073 

273 

1,393 

865 

470 

306 

633 

2,985 

820 

539 

260 

1,434 

1,496 

378 

4,333 

831 

169 

2,645 

1,446 

1,129 

382 

209 

99 

664 

1,250 

241 

267 

2,077 

1,262 

622 

8,519 

436 

485 

780 

4:i0 

149 

73 

603 

1,304 

1,095 

1,.543 

401 

729 

361 

364 

300 

2,289 

228 

491 

594 

688 

588 

1,780 

64,495 

1,598 

1,392 

185 

695 

4,581 

2,125 

1,266 

806 

3,469 


Name  of  place  and 

state. 


Mendon,  111 

Mendon,  III 

Mendon,  Iowa 

Mendon,  Mass 

Mendon,  Mich 

Mendon,  Mich 

Mendon,  Mo 

Mendon,  Mo 

Mendon,  N.Y 

Mendon,  N.Y 

Mendon,  0 

Mendon,  Utah 

Mendon,  Vt 

Men.lota,  111 

Mendota,  III 

Mendota,  Minn 

Mendota,  Minn 

Mendota,  Mo 

Mendota,  Wis 

Menlo,  Iowa 

Menno,  Kan 

Blenno,  Pa 

Menno,  S.D 

Menoken,  Kan 

Menoken,  N.D 

Menominee,  III 

Menominee,  Mich... 
Menominee,  Mich... 
Menomonee,  Wis.... 
Menomonee  Falls,  Wis.. 

Menomonie,  Wis 

Blenomonie,  Wis 

Mentone,  Ind 

Mentor,  Mich 

Ment<jr,  Mich 

Mentor,  0 

Mentor,  0 

Mentor,  S.D 

Mentor,  Wis 

Mentz,  N.Y 

Mequon,  Wis 

Meramec,  Mo 

Meramec,  Mo 

Meramec,  Mo 

Meiamec,  JIo 

Meramec,  Mo 

Meramec,  Mo 

Merced,  Cal 

Mercer,  111 

Mercer,  Iowa 

Mercer,  Me 

Mercer,  Pa 

Mercer,  Pa 

Mercer,  Va 

Mercersbnrg.  Pa 

Merchantville,  N  J 

Mercier.  S.D 

Meredith,  Kan 

Meredith,  N.H 

Meredith,  N.Y 

Meredosia,  111 

Meredosia,  III 

Meriden,  Conn 

Meriden,  Conn 

Meriden,  III 

Meiiden,  111 

Meriden,  Iowa 

Meriden,  Minn 

Meridian,  III 

Meridian,  Kan 

Meridian,  Mich 

Meridian,  Miss 

Meridian,  Miss 

Meridian,  Neb 

Meridian  Church,  Tenn 

Meridianville,  Ala 

Meriwether,  S.C 

Merkel,  Tex 

Mermenton,  La 

Merom,  Ind 

Merrill,  Mich 

Merrill,  Wis 

Merrill,  Wis 

Merrillon,  Wis 

Merrimao,  Mass 

Merrimack,  N.H 

Merrimack,  Wis 

Merrimon,  N.C 

Merritt,  Ga 

Merritt,  Mich 

Merry  Green,  Ark 

Merry  Hill,  N.C 

Mershon's  Cr's  R'ds,Ky 

Mertilla,  Kan 

Merton,  Minn 

Mertou.S.D 


Bank  of 

place. 


township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

poBt-vill 

post-vill 

post-prect 

|)Ost-town 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

pobt-vill 

post-toAvn 

township 

jiost-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post  town 

township 

townsliii> 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-boro' 

mag.-dist 

post-boro' 

post-boro' 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

beat 

city 

precinct 

civil-dist 

post-prect 

post-twp 

fK)st-town 

ward 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

{)08t-twp 

post-twp 


County. 


Adaras 

Adams 

Clayton 

Worcester 

Saint  Joseph.... 
Saint  Joseph... 

Chariton 

Chariton 

Monroe 

Monroe 

Mercer 

Cache , 

Rutland , 

La  Salle 

La  Salle 

Dakota , 

Dakota , 

Putnam 

Dane 

Guthrie 

Marion 

Mifflin 

Hutchinson 

Shawnee 

Burleigh 

Jo  Daviess 

Menominee 

Menominee 

Waukesha 

Waukesha 

Dunn 

Dunn 

Kosciusko 

Cheboygan 

Oscoda 

Lake 

Lake 

Hughes 

Clark 

Cayuga 

Ozaukee 

Crawlord 

Dent 

Fianklin 

Jefferson 

Phelps 

St.  Louis 

Merced 

Mercer 

Adams 

Somerset 

Butler 

Mercer 

Loudoun 

Franklin 

Camden 

Brown 

Cloud 

Belknap 

Delaware 

Morgan 

Morgan 

New  Haven 

New  Haven 

La  Salle 

La  Salle 

Cherokee 

Steele 

Clinton 

McPherson 

Ingham 

Liiuderdale 

Lauderdale 

Jefferson 

Weakley 

Madison 

Edgefield 

Taylor 

Calcasieu 

Sullivan 

Saginaw 

Lincoln 

Lincoln 

Jackson 

Fssex 

Hillsborough.. 

Sauk 

Carteret. 

Cobb 

Bay 

Grant 

Bertie 

Laurel 

Meade 

Steele 

Clark 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


1,726 

662 

3,440 

1,094 

2,040 

854 

680 


.3,193 
220 
242 
64:5 
029 
4,573 
4,142 
741 
348 


667 


1,191 

62 


735 
659 
3,288 
2,258 
366 
1,588 
2,589 


1,822 
540 


754 

2,288 

3,023 

1,954 

321 

1,142 

3,097 

1,424 

3,746 

1,446 

2,490 

683 

756 

985 

2,344 

4,866 

970 

439 


697 

1,800 

1,563 

1,559 

750 

18,340 

15,540 

991 

130 


809 

960 

613 

1,630 

9,110 

4,008 

507 

926 


3,645 


973 
407 


1,003 

2,237 

1,042 

829 


1,3.'54 
690 
428 

1,580 


1,489 
64fJ 

2,864 
919 

1,89.J 
803 
735 
137 

2,991 
204 
400 
647 
670 

4,285 

3,-542 
741 
248 
851 
627 
389 
799 

1,021 
413 
862 
134 
744 

1,566 
10,030 

2,48U 
422 

1,633 

6,491 
780 
391 
607 

1,650 
602 
Ri 
684 

1,952 

2,902 

2,175 
415 

1,643 

2,914 
988 

.3,858 

2,009 

2,;«o 

644 

684 

7900 

2,138 

4,670 

967 

1,225 

135 

636 

1,642 

1,565 

1,349 

621 

25,423 

21,652 

797 

66 

241 

834 

852 

765 

1,720 

16,925 

10,624 

674 

?900 

2,893 

3,074 

363 

3,170 

412 

412 

639 

6,809 

639 

2,63;H 

961 

847 

481 

1.097 

1,077 

853 

1,604 

878 

72 

667 

26T 


157 


crriBS,  TOWNS,  and  other  minor  civil  divisions  of  the  united  states. 


OENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Nam*  of  plao*  and 


Vvrton,  Wl« 

M«w  Graodr,  CkI 

Ilescalvro,  N.M 

MMhik,  Alaaka.. 

MMliopprn,  Pa.„ 

MMhi>|ipeB,  Pa.» 

M«*u|)oUmia,  O. 

Vewiuito,  Tax 

Metal,  Pa 

llntaniora.  111 

llvtiiuiora,  Ill„ 

Blptauiuni,  In<l 

Metaniora,  Miib 

Metaiiiora,  Mich 

Jletonlf,  Oa.... 

Jlotcull,  111 

Uetliuen,  MaM 

Metliikahtla,  ALtaka.... 

HetomeD,  Wis 

Metonipkln,  Va. 

Xetro|NtUs,  III 

Hetropnlis  City,  III 

Metz,  Mich 

MeU,  Mo 

Xexia,  T»x 

Mexico,  Me 

Mexico,  Mo 

Mexico,  N.Y 

Mexico,  N.Y 

Meyersbiirg,  Moot 

Mey(.>rgilale,  Pa. 

Miiikka,  Kla 

Miiinii,  Fla 

Miami,  Ind 

Miami,  Kaa 

Miami,  Mo 

Miami,  Mo 

Miami,  0 

Miami,  O 

Miami,  O 

Miami,  0 

Miami,  0 _ 

Miamii«biirg,  O 

Miamiville,  0 

Micaiiopy,FIa 

Michigamme,  Mich 

Micliigan,  Iiid 

Michigan,  Ind 

Michigan,  Kan 

Micliigan,  Kan 

Michigan,  Neb 

Michignn,  N.D 

Micliigan  BlufT,  Cxi 

Michigan  City,  Ind 

Michigan  City,  Misa. ... 

Michigan  Oily,  N.D 

Michigantown,  Ind 

Middl.-,  Ark 

Middle,  Ga > 

Middle,  Ind 

Middle,  N.J 

Middle,  N.C 

Middle,  Ore„ 

Middle,  S.C 

Middle  Apishapa,  Cul... 
Middleborough,  Masa... 

Middleboroiigh,  Ph 

Middle  Braiicli,  Mich... 

Middlel>rook,Va 

Middlebrooks,  Go. 

Middlelmrg,  Fla 

Middleburg,  Ac,  Ky.... 

Middlelmrg,  Ky 

Midillelmig,  Md 

Middleburg,  N.Y 

Middlel.urg,  N.Y 

Middlebiirg,  N.C 

Middleburg,  0 

Middleburg,  O 

Middleburg,  Pa. 

Middleburg,  Pa 

Middleburg,  Va 

Bliildlebury,  Conn 

Middlebury,  Ind 

Middlebury,  Ind 

Middlebury,  Mich 

Middlebury,  N.Y 

Middlebury,  O 

Middlebury,  Pa. 

Middlebury,  Vt „.. 

Middlebury,  Vt 

Middle  Creek,  Kan 

Middle  Creek,  Ky 

Midille  Creek,  La 

Middle  Creek,  Neb 

Middle  Creek,  N.a 

158 


B^nk  of 
place. 


poat-twp 

poat-prect 

puBt-prvct 

hamlet 

towmihip 

poat-boru' 

p<«t-twp 

post-vill 

poat-twp 

townahip 

po■^Till 

poat-twp 

townahip 

poat-viU 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

village 

poat-twp 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

city 

township 

poat-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

city 

township 

pust-vill 

post-prect 

post-boro' 

post-prect 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

townsliip 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

pnst-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

I>ost-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-Till 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

liost-town 

borough 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

district 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

village 

village 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

mag.-dist 

ward 

precinct 

township 


Coanty. 


Waukeab*. .. 
Siin  Uiego.... 
Donna  Ana.. 


Wyoming., 
Wyoming.. 
Trumbull.. 

Dallas 

Franklin... 
Woodford... 
Woodford... 
Franklin.... 

Lapeer 

Lapeer 

Thomas 

Kdgar 

Essex 


Fond  du  Lac. 

Accomack 

Massac 

Massac 

Presque  Isle... 

Vernon 

Limestone 

Oxford 

Audrain 

Oswego , 

Oswego 

Park 

Somerset 

Manatee 

Dade 

Cass. 

Miami 

Carroll 

Saline „ 

Clermont 

Greene _., 

Hamilton 

Log-.in 

Montgomery. 
Montgomery., 
Clermont....... 

Alachua 

Marquette 

Clinton 

La  Piiite 

Garfield 

Scott 

Valley 

Grand  Forks.. 

Placer 

La  Porle 

Benton 

Nelson 

Clinton 

Franklin 

Douglas 

Hendricks...... 

Cape  May 

Chowan 

Grant 

Orangeburg... 
Las  Animas... 

Plymouth 

Erie 

Osceola. 

Augusta 

Monroe 

Clay 

Casey 

Casey , 

Carroll 

Schoharie 

Schoharie 

Vance 

Cuyahoga 

Noble 

Lnxeme 

Snyder 

Loudoun 

New  Haven.. 

Elkhart 

Klkliart 

Sbiawa^'soe.... 

Wyoming 

Knox 

Tioga 

Addison 

Addison 

Miami 

Floyd 

Sabine 

Liincaster 

Wake 


PopuUtioa. 


1880.      1890. 


i,6n 


6UA 
654 

742 


1, 

1,08U 
828 

],:i84 
2i6 


60 
4,392 


1,80« 
4,782 
4,531 
2,068 

100 
1,:J55 
1,298 

403 
3,835 
3,687 
1,273 


1,423 


895 
1,206 


813 
4,346 
2,733 
2,317 
2,157 
5,024 
1,936 
211 
432 
1,124 
2,214 
7,772 


468 

5,366 

91 


342 
1,008 

951 
1,828 
2,575 
1,912 

244 
1,66J 


5,237 
210 
169 
274 
976 


1,221 
3,376 
1,123 


4,053 
102 


398 

410 

687 

1,907 

502 

1,006 

1,822 

911 

1,737 

2,'.t9;i 

l,8:i4 

1,260 

851 

723 

487 

2,087 


1,004 

140 

210 

74 

696 

697 

721 

l:«6 

1,«27 

1,710 

768 

028 

1,306 

314 

166 

244 

4,814 

823 

1,863 

6,122 

3,815 

3,673 

267 

1,410 

1,674 

365 

4,789 

3,4ti4 

1,315 

160 

1,847 

336 

364 

938 

961 

433 

647 

4,109 

2,493 

3,990 

2,29(J 

5,7()4 

2,962 

203 

494 

1,4:56 

2,177 

11,186 

112 

148 

318 

3C9 

377 

10,776 

129 

243 

298 

1,165 

867 

1,837 

2,368 

2,002 

200 

1,539 

541 

6,()65 

195 

219 

222 

l,lHo 

217 

3,106 

145 

1,231 

3,0<»7 

1,139 

1,970 

4,939 

78 

632 

420 

429 

556 

1,728 

642 

9&i 

1,781 

811 

i,a^8 

2,793 
1,762 
1,2315 
1,119 
1,017 
756 
1,513 


Name  of  place  am) 
sUte. 


Middle  Creek,  Pa 

Middle  ("reek.  Pa 

Middlefleld,  Conn 

MiddlefieM,  Liwa 

Middletield,  Miisi 

Middlefleld,  N.y 

Middlefleld,  0 

MIddlefoik,  III 

Middle  Fork,  Iowa 

Middle  Fork.  Ky 

Middle  Fork,  Mo 

Middle  Fork,  Mo 

Middle  Fork,  Mont 

Middle  Fork,  N.C 

Middle  Fork,  W.  Va.... 
Mid.lleForkofIvy,N.C. 

Middle  Grove,  Mo 

Middle  Ninth,  Ga 

Middle  Paxton,  Pa 

Middle  Point,  O 

Mid.lle{x.rt,  III 

Middleport,  N.Y 

Middlejwrt,  0 

Middleiioit,  Pa 

Middle  Kiver,  Oa 

Miildli!  River,  Minn 

Middle  River,  Va 

Middlesborough,  Ky.... 

Middlesex,  N.Y 

Middlesex,  Pa 

Middlesex,  Pa 

Middlesex,  Vt 

Middle  Smiihfield,  Pa.. 

Middleton,  Idaho 

Middleton,  Ky 

Middleton,  Mhss 

Middleton,  Minn 

Middleton,  N.H 

Middleton,  0 

Middleton,© 

Middleton,  S.C 

Middleton,  Tenn 

Middleton,  Wis 

Middletown,  Cal 

Middletown,  Conn 

Middletown,  Conn 

Middletown,  Del 

Middletown,  Ind 

Middletown,  Ky 

Middletown,  Bid 

Middletown,  Md 

Middletown,  Md 

Middletown,  Mo 

Middletown,  Mo 

Middletown,  N..I 

Middletown,  N.Y., 

Middletown,  N.Y 

Middletown,  N.Y 

Middletown,  0 

Middletown,  Pa 

Middletown,  Pa 

Middletown,  Pa. 

Middletown,  Pa 

Middletown,  R.I 

Middletown,  Va 

Middletown,  Vt 

Middle  Valley,  Idaho.. 
Middle  Village,  N.Y.... 

Middleville,  Mich 

Middleville,  Minn 

Middleway,  W.  Va 

Midland,  Iowa 

Midland,  Md 

Midland,  Mich 

Midland,  Mich 

Midland,  Neb 

Midland,  Neb 

Midland,  Neb 

Midland,  Neb 

Midland.  N.J 

Midland,  ND 

Midland,  8.D 

Midland,  Tex 

Midland  City,  0 

Slidlothian,  Tex 

Midlothian,  Va 

Midvalo,  Neb 

Midway,  Ala 

Midway,  Ala 

Midway,  Ala 

Midway,  Ga 

Midway,  Ga 

Midway,  Kan 

Midway,  &c.,  Kan 

Midway,  Ky 

Midway,  Ky 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 
]>ost-twp 
p<j8i-t<iwn 

|)08t  twp 

post-town 

I>oHt-town 

|K»t-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

mil.-dist 

township 

mag.-dist 

|ioHi-town 

l>o8t-town 

township 

post-twp 

IKMt-town 

township 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

district 

district 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post  twp 

township 

city 

township 

city 

township 

po8t-l)oro' 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

iownnhip 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

district 

township 

city 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post  vill 

township 

mag.-d  St 

post-vill 


QouDty. 


Somerset..- 

Snyder 

Middlesex 

Hiichaiian 

Huniiwhire 

Otsego 

Geauga 

Vermilion 

Kliiggold 

Magoftlu 

Macon 

Wortl 

Lewis  &  Clarke 

Forsyth 

Randolph 

Madison 

Monroe 

Meriwether 

Dauphin 

Van  Wert 

Iroquois 

Niagara 

Meigs  

Schuylkill 

Franklin 

Marshall 

Augusta 

Bell 

Yates 

Butler 

Cumberland.... 

Washington 

Monroe 

Ada 

Simpson 

Essex 

.lacksiin 

Strafford 

Columbiana 

Wood 

Sumter 

Hardeman 

Dane 

Luke 

Middlesex 

Middlesex 

New  Castle 

Henry 

Jefferson 

Charles 

Frederick 

Frederick 

Lafayette 

Montgomery  ... 

Slonmouth 

Delaware 

Orange 

Richmond 

Butler 

Bucks 

Dauphin 

Delaware 

Susquehanna... 

Newport 

Frederick 

Rutland 

Washington 

Queens 

Barry 

Wright 

Jefferson 

Lyon 

Alleghany 

Midland 

Midland 

Boone 

Colfax 

Gage 

Merrick 

Bergen 

Pembina 

Hand 

Mldlapd 

Clinton 

KUis 

Chesterfield 

Garfield 

Bullock 

Bullock 

Monroe 

Meriwetlier 

Stewart 

Crawford. 

Ham  Hon 

Woodford 

Woodford. 


Populatioi), 


1880.      1890. 


eso 

727 
028 
647 
648 

2,72fi 
835 

1,979 
704 
878 
916 
768 


1,380 
1,020 
1,197 

169 
1,6.51 
1,443 

442 
2,211 

771 
3,032 

230 


6,549 


1,4.57 
1,100 

l,4<>r) 

],<i87 
1,339 


1,544 
1,000 

154 

365 
1,590 
1,606 
1,773 

189 
1,613 

271 
11,732 
6,82ti 
1,280 

606 


2,293 
2,821 

705 
2,316 

391 
5,059 
2,977 
8,494 
9,029 
4,538 
1,360 
3,:i61 
2,798 

833 
1,139 

372 

823 


712 
1,174 
1,864 


76.'. 
1,629 


332 
1.691 


2,643 


4,073 

4.'J0 

1,364 


1,420 


2,318 
950 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890   COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Midway,  N.C 

Midway,  S.C 

Midway,  Utah 

Mifflin,  0 

Mifflin,  0 , 

Slifflin,  0 

Mifflin,  0 

Mifflin,  0.. 

Mifflin,  Pa 

Mifflin,  Pa 

Mifflin,  Pa , 

Mifflin,  Pa 

Mifflin,  Pa , 

Mifflin,  Wis 

Mifflin,  Wis 

Mifflinburg,  Pa.. , 

Mifflintown,  Pa 

Mikado,  Midi 

Mikesell,  Kan 

Milaca,  Minn 

Milaca,  Minn 

Milan,  III 

Milan,  111 

Milan,  111 

Milan,  Ind 

Milan,  Ind 

Milan,  Kan 

Milan,  Mich 

Milan,  Mich 

Milan,  Mo 

Milan,  Neb 

Milan,  N.H 

Milan,  N.Y 

Milan,  0 

Milan,  0 

Milan,  Tenn 

Milbiirn,  Ky 

Milburn,  Ky 

Milbiirn,  Utah 

Mildred,  N.C 

Miles,  Neb 

Miles,  Pa 

Milesburg,  Pa 

Miles  City,  Mont 

Miles'  Grove,  Pa 

Milestown,  Md 

Mllford,  Conn 

Milford,  Del 

Milford,  Del 

Miltord,  III 

Milford,  111 

Milford,  Ind 

Milford,  Ind 

Milford,  Ind 

Milford,  Iowa 

Milford,  Iowa 

Milford,  Iowa 

Milford,  Kan 

Milford,  Ky 

Milford,  Me 

Milford,  Mass 

Milford,  Mich 

Milford,  Mich 

Milford,  Minn 

Milford,  Mo 

Milford,  Mo 

Milford,  Neb 

Milford,  N.H 

Milford,  N.Y 

Milford,  0 

Milford,  0 

Milford,  0 

Milford,  0 

Milford,  Pa 

Milford,  Pa 

Milford,  Pa 

Milford,  Pa 

Milford,  Pa 

Milford,  S.D 

Milford,  S.D 

Milford,  Tex 

Milf.>rd,  Utah 

Milford,  Wis 

Milford,  Wis 

Milford  Centre,  0 

Military,  Iowa 

Military  Springs,  Ala. 

Milks  Grove,  111 

Mill,  Ala 

Mill,  Ark 

Mill,  Ark 

Mill,  Cal , 

Mill,Ga 

Mill,Ga 

Mill,Ga 

Mill,  lud 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-twp 

post-twp 

poet-prect 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-bo  ro' 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

I)ost-town 

precinct 

post-town 

post- town 

township 

post-vill 

city 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-vill 

district 

post-town 

hundred 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

lx)st-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 


County. 


Davidson 

Barnwell 

Wasatch 

Ashland 

Franklin 

Pike 

Richland 

Wyandot 

Alleghany 

Columbia 

Cumberland 

Dauphin 

Lycoming 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Union , 

Juniata 

Alcona 

Rawlins 

Mille  Lacs 

Mille  Lacs 

De  Kalb 

Macon 

Rock  Island 

Allen 

Ripley 

Sumner 

Monroe , 

Washtenaw 

Sullivan 

Sheridan 

Coos 

Dutchess. 

Erie 

Erie 

Gibson 

Carlisle 

Carlisle 

San  Pete 

Edgecombe 

Pawnee 

Centre 

Centre 

Custer 

Erie 

Saint  Mary's... 
New  Haven.... 

Kent 

Kent 

Iroquois 

Iroquois 

Decatur 

Kosciusko 

La  Grange 

Crawford 

Dickinson 

Story 

Geary 

Bracken 

Penobscot 

Worcester 

Oakland 

Oakland 

Brown 

Barton 

Barton 

Seward 

Hillsborough... 

Otsego 

Butler 

Clermont 

Defiance 

Knox 

Bucks 

Juniata 

Pike 

Pike 

Somerset 

Beadle 

Sully 

Ellis 

Beaver 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Union 

Winneshiek.... 

Lamar. 

Iroquois 

Conecuh 

Baxter 

Garland 

San  Bernardino 

Dade 

Do  Kalb 

Madison 

Grant 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,094 
2,100 
718 
846 
1,845 
1,230 

oao 

1,455 
r),48a 
1,038 
1,507 

647 
1,138 
1,529 

269 
1,168 

842 


944 
631 
845 
l,4,il 
106 


1,882 

320 

1,117 


895 
1,275 
2,239 

797 
1,600 


309 


356 

1,512 

643 

629 


1,774 

3,347 

3,429 

1,240 

1,570 

612 

305 

492 

1,311 

834 

179 

799 

597 

1,503 

734 

9,310 

2,200 

1,251 

728 

930 


402 
2,398 
2,319 
1,884 

732 
1,460 

870 
2,976 
1,341 

207 

983 
1,776 


164 


1,460 
138 
490 

1,521 


72 

1,460 

28  i 

503 


312 


731 
1,878 


1,374 

2,226 

769 

770 

1,873 

1,294 

995 

1,333 

11,144 

1,022 

1,388 

546 

695 

1,465 

2.55 

1,417 

877 

318 

121 

413 

404 

784 

632 

692 

1,587 

.318 

229 

2,079 

917 

1,234 

262 

1,029 

1,026 

1,936 

627 

1,546 

2,072 

297 

176 

81 

750 

1,438 

714 

956 

570 

1,920 

3,811 

3,364 

1,226 

1,999 

957 

231 

677 

1,132 

950 

600 

732 

746 

1,413 

835 

8,780 

1,962 

1,138 

751 

995 

145 

555 

3,014 

2,051 

1,649 

995 

i,.^n 

792 

2,725 

1,276 
158 
793 
859 
1.36 
79 
a'>3 
576 

1,439 
128 
718 

1,611 
716 
741 

1,876 
401 
788 
446 
314 

1,314 
7(14 

1,809 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Mill,  Neb„ 

Mill,  Neb 

Mill,  0 

Milladore,  Wis 

Millard,  Neb 

Millard,  Neb 

Millbank,  S.D 

Mill  Bayou,  Ark 

Millborough,  Va 

Millbrae,  Cal 

Millbridge,  Me 

Millbrook,  III 

Millbrook,  Kan 

Millbrook,  Mich 

Millbrook,  N.Y 

Millbrook,  S.C 

Millburn,  N.J 

Millbury,  Mass 

Millbury,  0 

Mill  Creek,  Ark 

Mill  Creek,  Ark 

Mill  Creek,  Ark 

Mill  Creek,  Ark 

Mill  Creek,  Ark 

Mill  Creek,  Ark 

Mill  Creek,  Del 

Mill  Creek,  Ga 

Mill  Creek,  Ga 

Mill  Creek,  111 

Mill  Creek,  Ind 

Mill  Creek,  Ind 

Mill  Creek,  Kan 

Mill  Creek,  Kan 

Mill  Creek,  Kan 

Mill  Creek,  Kan 

Mill  Creek,  Ky 

Mill  Creek,  Mo 

Mill  creek,  0 

Mill  Creek,  0 

Mill  Creek,  0 

Mill  Creek,  0 

Mill  Creek,  Ore 

Mill  Creek,  Ore 

Mill  Creek,  Pa 

Mill  Creek,  Pa 

Mill  Creek,  Pa 

Mill  Creek,  Pa 

Mill  Creek,  Pa 

Mill  Creek,  Utah 

Mill  Creek,  W.  Va... 
Mill  Creek,  W.  Va... 

Milldale,  Ky 

Milledgeville,  Ga 

Milledgeville,Ga 

Milledgeville,  111 

Miller,  Ark 

Miller,  Ga 

Miller,  111 

Miller,  Ind 

Miller,  Iowa 

Miller,  Mo 

Miller,  Mo 

Miller,  Mo 

Miller,  Mo 

Miller,  Mo 

Miller,  Mo 

Miller,  Neb 

Miller,  Neb 

Miller,  N.C 

Miller,  0 

Miller,  Pa.... , 

Miller,  Pa 

Miller,  S.D 

Miller,  S.D 

Miller,  S.D 

Millersburg,  111 

Millersburg,  Ind 

Millersburg,  Ky 

Millersburg,  Ky 

Millersburg,  0 

Millersburg,  Pa 

Miller's  Creek, Ky... 
Miller's  Ferry,  Fla.. 

Millersport,  0 

Millersport,  0 

Millerstown,  Ky 

Millerstown,  Pa 

Millerstown,  Pa 

Millersville,  La 

Millersville,  Pa 

Millerton,  Alaska.... 

Millerton,  N.Y 

Millerville,  Minn 

Mill  Grove,  Ind 

Mill  Hall,  Pa , 

Millheim,  Fa. 


Bank  of 
place. 


precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

city 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

hundred 

mil  -dist 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

city 

post-vill 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

borough 

township 

township 

city 

township 

— '.-twp 


post 
post 


mag 
post 
post- 
post- 
mag 
post- 
poet 


•town 

;.-dist 

■vill 

•vill 

•boro' 

.-dist 

prect 

•vill 


illage 
post-toi. 
borougl 


•town 
ugh 

•boro 


post 

post-town 

post-vill 

village 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

Dost-boro' 

post-boro' 


County. 


Lancaster 

Sheridan 

Tuscarawas 

Wood 

Douglas 

Douglas 

Grant 

Arkansas 

Bath 

San  Mateo 

Washington.... 

Peoria 

Graham 

Mecosta 

Dutchess 

Aiken 

Essex 

Worcester 

Wood 

Ashley 

Franklin 

Izard 

Lincoln 

Newton 

Scott 

New  Castle 

Lumpkin 

Whitfield 

Union 

Fountain 

Putnam 

Bourbon 

Pottawatomie., 

Wabaunsee 

Washington.... 

Carroll 

Morgan 

Coshocton 

Hamilton 

Union 

Williams 

Clackamas 

Crook 

Clarion 

Erie 

Lebanon 

Lycoming 

Mercer 

Salt  Lake 

Berkeley 

Hampshire 

Kenton 

Baldwin 

Baldwin 

Carroll 

(Heveland 

Jackson 

La  Saile 

Dearborn 

Woodbury 

Dallas 

Gentry 

Maries 

Marion 

Phelps 

Scotland 

Knox 

Lincoln 

Alexander. 

Knox 

Huntingdon.... 

Perry 

Hand 

Hand 

Marshall 

Mercer 

Elkhart 

Bourbon 

Bourbon 

Holmes 

Dauphin 

Estill 

Washington.... 

Fairfield 

Lawrence 

Grayson 

Butler 

Perry 

Acadia 

Lancaster 


Dutchess.. 
Douglas.... 
Steuben..., 
Clinton.... 
Centre ...., 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


520 
131 


190 
1,.36() 

195 
1,7.'>2 
1,16;! 

446 

706 


1,928 

1,743 

4,741 

483 

941 

1,109 

990 

659 

496 

104 

3,474 


474 

40() 
1,918 

511 

894 
1,679 

521 
l,2l!2 

747 
1,631 

626 
11,286 

867 
1,10-2 

305 


807 
3,279 
2,238 

385 

876 
1,416 
1,306 

710 


3,800 
3,800 

216 
1,153 

916 
1,171 
1,130 


674 
3,441 
1,038 
1,230 

932 
1,227 


890 
826 


1,174 
449 
2,074 
858 
1,814 
1,440 
2,007 


180 
250 


1,108 
652 


1,121 


600 

646 

1,021 


im 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kaoie  of  place  and 
■tato. 


milhotiMn,  Ind. 

Milltpiiii,  N«b„ 

MillliiRton,  III 

MillUntstun,  111 

llilliaKUin,  Md 

JSIIIiiiKtun,  Mich 

1I1IIIdkU>d,  Mich 

MillioD.Kr 

Millit,  Kmm 

Millpurt,  Ala. 

Millport,  Ala. 

Mill  Run,  W.  Va 

Mllli,III 

Mills,  Mich 

Mills,  Neb 

MilUliorough,  Del 

llilliifleld,  N.U 

Mill  ^ihoal,  N.C 

Mill  Sliuiil«,  III 

Mill  Shoals,  111 

Mill  Spring,  Mo 

Mill  Springs,  Ky 

Mill  Kiver,  N.C 

Millshidt,  111 

MillstRdt,  III 

Jlillston,  Wis 

Millstone,  Ky 

Millstone,  N.J 

Millstone,  Pa 

Milltown,  Ala 

Mllltown,  Wis 

Millvale,  Pa 

Mill  Village,  Pa. 

Millvilie,  Ala 

Millville,  Cal 

Millvilie,  Iowa 

Millville,  Ky 

Millvilie,  N.J 

Millville,  Utah 

Millville,  Wis 

Millwood,  Minu 

Millwood,  Mo 

Millwood,  0 

Millwood,  Va 

Miluer,  Ga 

Milner  Cross  Roads,  Ga, 

Milnesville,  Pa. 

Milnor,  N.D 

Milnor,  N.D , 

Mllo,  III 

Milo,  Iowa 

Milo,  Iowa 

Milo,  Me 

Milo,  Minn 

Milo,  N.Y 

Milpitas.  Cul 

Milroy,  Ind 

Milroy,  Pa 

Milroy,  W.  Va. 

Millou,  Ala. 

Milton,  Del 

Milton,  Fla 

Milton,  111 

Milton,  111 

Milton,  Ind 

Milton,  Ind , 

Milton,  Iowa- 

Miltou,  Kan 

Milton,  Kan 

Milton  and  Trout,  Ky., 

Milton,  Ky , 

Miiton,  Mass 

Milton,  Mich 

Milton,  Mich 

Milton,  Minn 

Milton,  N.H 

Milton,  N,Y 

Milton,  N.Y 

Milton,  N.C ... 

Milton,  N.C 

Milton.  N.D 

Milton,  0 , 

Miltou,0 

Milton,  O 

Milton,  O „ 

Milton,  0 

Milton,  Ore „ 

Milton,  Ore. „. 

Miiton,  Pa „ 

Milton,  Utah 

Milton,  Vt 

Milton,  W.Va 

Milton,  Wis 

Milton,  Wis „ 

Milton,  Wis 

MiUona,  Minn 

160 


Rank  of 
plau*. 


post-town 
post-vili 
post-vill 
village 

IKJStVill 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-diiit 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

poet-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

poet-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

uiag.-diiit 

post-twp 

post'twp 

post-prect 

township 

borough 

post-bo  ro' 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-twp 

niag.-dist 

city 

post-prect 

post  twp 

tOWUbUip 

post-twp 

townsliip 

post-town 

niil.-dist 

niil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

niag.-dist 

post-prect 

post-town 

city 

townsliip 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

townsliip 

niag.-dist 

post-Till 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

townsliip 

township 

precinct 

post-Till 

post-bo  ro' 

precinct 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-Till 

post-twp 


Ooantjr. 


Decatur. 

Fillmore 

Kendall 

La  Salle , 

Kent 

Tuscola. , 

Tuscola , 

Madison , 

Norfolk 

Lamar. 

Lamar. 

Pendleton 

Uond 

Ogemaw , 

Pierce 

Sussex 

Coos 

Macon 

White 

While 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Henderson.... 
Saint  Clair.... 
Stiint  Clair.... 

Jackson 

Letcher 

Somerset 

Elk 

Cliambers 

Polk 

Alleghany 

Erie 

Lamar 

Shasta 

Clayton 

Woodford 

Cumberland.. 

Cache 

Grant 

Stearns 

Lincoln 

Guernsey 

Clarke 

Pike 

Harris 

Luzerne 

Sargent 

Sargent , 

Bureau 

Delaware 

Warren 

Piscataquis.., 
Mille  Lacs..., 

Yates , 

Santa  Clam.., 

.lasper. 

Mifflin 

Grant 

Autauga 

Sussex , 

Santa  Rosa.., 

Du  Pago 

Pike 

Jefferson 

Wayne 

Van  Buren.... 

Butler 

Marion 

Trimble 

Trimble 

Norfolk 

Antrim 


Dodge 

Strafford 

Saratoga. 

Ulster 

Caswell 

Caswell- 

Cavalier 

Asliland 

Jackson 

Mahoning 

Wayne 

Wood 

Umatilla 

Umatilla 

Northnmberl'd 

Morgan 

Chittenden 

Cal«ll 

Buffalo 

Rock , 

R«ck , 

Douglas , 


Population. 


331 


266 
2.%6 
444 
1,041 
4»2 

l,»3;i 


1,421 


2(K) 

62 

671 

2,08a 

1,262 
2,HI2 
1,754 


1,229 

941 
2,(180 

2n!t 
1,779 

282 
1,824 

388 


1,074 
994 
930 

7,6«» 
539 
204 
283 

1,107 

1,984 


2,0.59 
772 
672 


990 
688 
100 
934 
172 

6,755 
786 
230 
626 

2,374 


1,026 

1,058 

2,300 

467 

1,913 

866 

412 

469 


2,114 
352 

3,206 
C54 
636 
957 

1,616 

5,665 


2,9.33 
613 


1,192 
3,404 
688 
1,864 
2,181 
1,308 


2,102 
235 

2,006 
377 
441 

1,794 
608 
162 


224 

184 

301 

301 

486 

1,616 

VA 

1,974 

786 

710 

244 

1,568 

1,084 

tie 

173 

324 

62 

699 

2,642 

221 

1,482 

2,368 

1,947 

2,952 

1,186 

399 

1,122 

1,782 

367 

1,743 

469 

3,809 

320 

790 

992 

936 

1,096 

10,002 

679 

197 

619 

986 

2,131 

400 

1,848 

701 

824 

4:16 

279 

792 

657 

318 

1,029 

2.52 

6,028 

1,150 

259 

598 

2,456 

l,2:n 

1,074 

1,465 

2,895 

415 

1,871 

742 

643 

984 

432 

2,7.59 

458 

4,278 

868 

484 

995 

1,640 

fi,h20 

6:n 

2.808 

705 

202 

1,043 

6,a56 

687 

1,846 

2,287 

1,937 

644 

6,317 

203 

1,68.5 

648 

389 

2,;«)0 

685 

228 


Name  of  place  and 
■tale. 


Milton  Centre,  0 

Milton  Junction,  Wis... 

Miltoiisburg,  0 

Miltonvale,  Kan 

Milwaukee,  Ore 

Milwaukee,  Oro 

Milwaukee,  Wis 

Milwaukee,  Wis 

Mim,  Ala 

MimbresMlil,  N.M 

Minis  Cross  Roads,  Ala. 

Mina,  N.Y 

Minden,  Iowa 

Minden,  Iowa 

Minden,  La 

Minden,  Mich 

Minden,  Minn. - 

Minden,  Neb 

Minden,  N.Y 

Minden  City,  Mich 

Minden  Mines,  Mo  .... 

Mine  Creek,  Aik 

Mineola,  Tex 

Miner,  Col 

Miner,  S.D 

Mineral,  Ark 

Mineral,  Ark 

Mineral,  Cal 

Mineral,  Idaho 

Mineral,  III 

Mineral,  111 

Mineral,  Kan 

Mineral,  Mo 

Mineral,  Pa 

Mineral  Itlnff,  Ga 

Mineral  City,  0 

Mineral  Point,  Col 

Mineral  Point,  Wis 

Mineral  Point,  Wis 

Mineral  Ridge,  0 

Mineral  Springs,  Ark... 

Mineral  Springs,  Gu 

Mineral  Spriniis,  N.C... 
Mineral  Sprinj^s,  N.C... 

Mineral  Wells,  Tex 

Miners  Mills,  I'a 

Minersville,  Cal 

Minersville,  Pa 

Minersville,  Utah 

Minerva,  Iowa 

Minerva,  Ky 

Minerva,  N.Y 

Minerva,  0 

Mineville,  N.Y 

Mingo,  Mo 

Mingo,  N.C 

Mingo,  SC 

Mingo,  W.  Va 

Mingona,  Kan 

Minier,  111 

Minisink,  N.Y 

Minister,  Ga 

Minneapolis,  Kan 

Minneapolis,  Minn 

Minnelia,  Kan 

Minneiska,  Minn 

Minneieka,  Minn 

Minnekaduza,  &c..  Neb. 

Minnekonta,  Neb 

Minneola,  Ac,  Fla 

Minneola,  Minn 

Minneota,  Minn 

Minneota,  Minn 

Minnesota  Falls,  Minn. 
Minnesota  Lake,  Minn. 
Minnesota  Lake,  Minn 

Minnctonka,  Minn 

Minnetrista,  Minn 

MInnewnska,  Minn 

Minnewaukon,  N.D 

Minnewaukon,  N.D 

Minnick,  Tenn 

Minnie  Lake,  N.D 

Minocqua,  Wis 

Minonk,  III 

Minonk,  111 

MinookH,  III 

Minot,  Me 

Minot,  N.D 

Minster,  O 

Minter,  Wash 

Minter  A  Gilstrap,  Ga.. 

Minto,  N.D 

Miiitonsville,  N.C- 

Mintnrn,  Oil 

Mirabile,  Mo..... 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-Till 
post-vill 

{KISt-Tlll 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-Till 

township 

city 

precinct 

precinct 

piecinct 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

jiodt  town 

township 

township 

city 

post-town 

|H>St-vi11 

jHist-town 

townsliip 

post-town 

jiost-jirect 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-Till 

t4)wnsliip 

township 

township 

post-town 

village 

post-prect 

township 

city 

post-Till 

|l08t-twp 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

post-prect 

post-twp 

inag.-dist 

l)Ost-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

j)ost-twp 

township 

niag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

niil.-dist 

city 

city 

post-twp 

township 

post-Till 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

civil-dist 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 


County. 


Wood 

Roik 

Monroe 

Cloud 

Clackamas 

Clackamas 

Milwaukee 

Milwaukee 

Wilcox 

Grant 

Chilton 

Chautauqua 

Potlawuttaniie 
Pottawattamie 

Webster 

Sanilac 

Benton 

Kearney 

Montgomery.... 

Sanilac 

Barton 

Hempstead 

Wo(k] 

Larimer 

Miner 

Pulaski 

Sevier 

I'lnnias 

Washington 

Bureau 

Bureau....- 

Cherokee 

Jasper 

Venango 

Fannin 

Tuscarawas 

San  Juan 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Trumlmll 

Howard 

Stewart 

Mwire 

Richmond 

I'alo  Pinto 

Luzerne 

Trinity 

Schuylkill 

BcaTer 

Marshall 

Mason 

Essex 

Stark 

Essex 

Bates 

Sampson 

Williamsburg... 

Randolph 

Barber 

Tazewell 

Orange 

Jacksou 

Ottawa 

Hennepin 

Sedgwick 

Wal^asha 

Wabasha 

Cherry 

Sheridan 

Lake 

Goodhue 

■lackson 

Lvon 

Yellow  Med 

Faribault 

Faribault 

Hennepin- 

Hennepin 

Pope 

Ramsey 

Benson 

Obion 

Barnes 

Oneida 

Woodford 

Woodford 

Grundy 

Androscoggin.- 

Ward 

Auglaize 

Pierce 

Jasper 

Walsh „ 

Gates 

Eagle 

Caldwell 


Population. 


IOC 

132 


125 

3,472 

115,687 

1,049 


1,134 

1,102 

699 


1,113 

871 

207 

98 

6,1<KI 

191 


2,071 
1,176 


697 
387 
741 


997 

173 

1,144 

1,892 

831 


64: 


1,490 
2,916 
1,150 
1,.363 
1,768 
787 
1,169 


371 
3,249 

487 

762 

759 
1,102 

565 
2,561 

736 
1,623 
1,371 

831 


600 

1,360 

1,817 

1,084 

46,887 

487 

386 


1,079 
119 
113 
306 
576 
208 

1,069 
844 


1,078 


2,992 

1,913 

416 

1,763 


1,123 

'i',389 
""906 


334 

081 
123 
601 

907 

489 

6,403 

204,468 

891 

352 

1,078 

1,125 

1,048 

287 

1,298 

1,114 

370 

1,380 

6,198 

394 

219 

1.173 

1,3:»3 

156 

240 

601 

851 

496 

163 

005 

188 

1,919 

2,145 

602 

76 

893 

64 

1,271 

2,694 

861 

1,163 

1,981 

1,.561 

1,266 

677 

2,075 

81 

3,504 

463 

744 

861 

979 

1,139 

1,844 

623 

2,281 

1,886 

1,055 

452 

661 

1,269 

2  3:» 

1,756 

164,738 

671 

264 

326 

599 

132 

408 

916 

226 

325 

.368 

698 

340 

1,441 

995 

210 

399 

617 

1,621 

212 

463 

3,398 

2,.316 

.360 

l,a55 

675 

1,126 

174 

807 

467 

1,476 

191 

1.019 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Mirage,  Kan 

Mirage,  Neb 

Mirage,  Neb 

Miseuheiiiier,  III 

Miseniieimer,  N.C 

Mishawaka,  Ind 

Misliawalia,  Ore 

Misliicot,  Wis 

Mispillion,  Del 

Mission,  Cal 

Mission,  Cal 

Mission,  III 

Mission,  Kan 

Mission,  Kan 

Mission,  Kan 

Mission,  Mont 

Mission,  Mont 

Mission  Creek,  Kan 

Mission  Creek,  Minn... 

Mission  Creek,  Neb 

Mississinewa,  0 

Mii^slssippi,  Ark 

Mississippi,  Ark 

Mississippi,  Ark 

Mississippi,  Cal 

Mississippi,  III 

Mls:ilssippi,  Mo 

Mississippi  City,  Miss... 
Itlississippi  City,  Miss... 

Missoula,  Mont 

Missouri,  .\rk 

Missouri,  Ark 

Missouri,  Ark 

Missouri,  Ark 

Missouri,  III 

Missouri,  Kan 

Missouri,  Mo 

Missouri,  Mo 

Missouri,  Ore 

Mi-ssouri  City,  Mo 

Missouri  Ridge,  Neb.... 
Missouri  Valley,  Iowa.. 

MItchel,  Ga 

Mitchell,  Ala 

Milcliell,  Ala 

Mitchell,  Ala 

Mitchell,  Ala 

Mitchell,  Alaska 

Mitchell,  Ark 

Mitchell,  Col 

Mitchell,  Ind 

Mitchell,  Iowa 

Mitchell,  Iowa 

Mitchell,  Kan 

Mitchell,  Kan 

Mitchell,  Kan 

Mitchell,  Mich 

Mitchell,  Minn 

Mitchell,  Mont 

Mitchell,  Neb 

Mitchell,  N.C 

Mitchell,  Ore 

Mitchell,  S.D 

Mitchell,  S.D 

Mitchell,  Wis 

Mitchell  Gulch,  Mont.. 

Mitchell  Mill,  Ala 

Mitchell  Mills,  Ky 

Mitchell  Mills,  Miss 

Milchellsburg,  Ky 

Mitchell  Station,  Ala.... 

MItchelltree,  Ind 

Mitchellville,  Fla 

Mitchellville,  Iowa 

Mitchie,  111 

Mitrofania,  Alaska 

Mixon,  Ala 

Mizell,  Ala 

Moab,  Utah 

Motierly,  Mo 

Mobile,  Ala 

Mobile,  Ga 

Mobley.  S.C 

Moccasin,  Ga. 

Moccasin,  III 

Moccasin,  Ky 

Moccasin,  Va 

Mocksville,  N.C 

Modale,  Iowa 

Modell,  Kan 

Modena,  S.D 

Modena,  Wis 

Modesto,  Cal 

Moe,  Minn 

Moffat,  Oil 

Moffat,  Mich 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

|X)8t-prect 

post-twp 

hundred 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

beat 

post-vill 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 

niil.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-prect 

township 

city 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

beat 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

post-prect 

hamlet 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-town 

city 

city 

mil.-dist 

township 

niil.-dist 

post-twp 

precinct 

niag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

township 


County. 


Rawlins 

Kearney 

Sheridan 

Union 

Cabarrus 

St.  Joseph 

Clatsop 

Manitowoc 

Kent 

San  Bernardino 

San  Diego 

La  Salle 

Brown 

Neosho 

Shawnee 

Cascade 

Park 

Wabaunsee 

Pine 

Pawnee 

Darke 

Columbia 

Desha 

Sebastian 

Sacramento 

Jersey 

Mississippi 

Harrison 

Harrison 

Missoula 

Clarke 

Montgomery.... 

Nevada 

Pike 

Brown 

Morton 

Boone 

Chariton 

Coos 

Clay 

Red  Willow 

Harrison 

Pulaski 

Dallas 

Lauderdale 

Pike 

Tuscaloosa 


Cross 

Eagle 

Lawrence 

Mitchell 

Mitchell 

Nemaha 

Rice 

Stanton 

Alcona 

Wilkin 

Lewis  &  Clarke 

Scott's  Bluff 

Bertie 

Crook 

Davison 

Davison 

Sheboygan 

Jefferson 

Klmore 

Robertson 

Attala 

Boyle 

Bullock 

Martin 

Manatee 

Polk 

Monroe 


Conecuh.... 

Etowah 

Grantl 

Randolph.. 

Mobile 

Fannin 

Edgefield... 

Rabun 

Effingham.. 

Elliott 

Kussell 

Davie 

Harrison.... 

Norton 

Edmunds... 

Buffalo 

Stanislaus.. 

Douglas 

Saguache... 
Arenac 


Population. 


360 


671 
1,042 
2,640 
73 
1,.5(>« 
4,334 


1,789 

2,266 

7!)6 


1,068 
71 

413 
1,606 

802 
2,343 

091 

384 
1,029 
1,(191 
1,989 

265 


945 

170 

2,809 

8(i7 
1,020 


3,443 

1,151 

212 

581 


1,154 

656 

2,229 


849 
424 


1,439 

1,184 

295 


1,358 
270 


3J0 
1,178 


1,053 

1,410 

3,166 

239 


1,159 


1,009 
558 


6,070 
29,132 

537 
2,896 

405 
1,123 
1,584 
1,369 
1,764 


811 

1,693 

569 


264 
904  f 
211 
585 
991 

3,371 
140 

1,417 

4,679 
327 
123 

1,394 

2,597 

2,152 

1,215 
129 
198 

1,080 
85 
627 

l,5.'i2 

1,127 

1,621 
854 
316 

1,046 
785 

2,095 
534 

3,426 

2,012 
170 

3,227 

1,204 
873 
85 

3,023 
887 
330 
422 
282 

2,797 
905 

2,348 
615 

1,157 
381 
2.38 

1,172 
432 

1,.583 
995 
309 
713 
652 
68 
83 
152 
48 
97 

1,798 
452 

2,508 

2,217 

1,012 

66 

938 

1,028 

3,766 
230 
296 

1,207 
391 
704 

1,016 
49 

1,200 
496 
333 

8,215 

31,076 

6:J5 

3,446 
728 
950 

2,327 

1,46:1 

2,016 
288 
3.50 
227 
828 

2,402 
672 
104 
240 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Mognehesha,  Miss 

Mohawk,  NY 

Mohawk,  N.Y 

Mohawk,  Ore 

Mohican,  0 

Mohican,  0 

Mohrsville,  Pa 

Moira,  N.Y 

Mokelumne,  Cal 

Mokelumne  Hill,  Cal.. 

Mokeiia,  III 

Moland,  Minn 

Molen,  Utah 

Molena,  Ga 

Molena,  Ga 

Moline,  III 

Moline,  Kan 

Molitor,  Wis 

Moltke,  Mich 

Moltke,  Minn 

Momence,  111 

Monience,  111 

Momence,  Neb 

Mona,  III 

Mona,  Utah 

Monaghan,  Pa 

Monarch,  Mont 

Monclova,  0 

Moncrie^  Fla 

Mondamin,  Iowa 

Mondamin,  S  D 

Monday  Creek,  0 

Mondovi,  Wis 

Mondovi,  Wis 

Monee,  III 

Monee,  III 

Monegan,  Mo 

Monett,  Mo 

Money  Creek,  111 

Money  Creek,  Minn.... 

Monguagon,  Mich 

Monico,  Wis 

Moniteau,  Mo 

Moniteau,  Mo 

Monitor,  Mich 

Monkland,  Ore 

Monkton,  Vt 

Monmouth,  III 

Monmouth,  Hi 

Monmouth,  Iowa 

Monmouth,  Kan 

Monmouth,  Me 

Monmouth,  Ore 

Monon,  Ind 

Monon,  Ind 

Monona,  Iowa 

Monona,  Iowa 

Monongahela,  Pa 

Monongahela  City,  Pa. 

Monroe,  Ark 

Monroe,  Ark 

Monroe,  Conn 

Monroe,  Ga 

Monroe,  III 

Monroe,  111 

Monroe,  III 

Monroe,  111 

Monroe,  Ind 

Monroe,  Ind 

Monroe,  Ind 

Monroe,  Ind 

Monroe,  Ind 

Monroe,  led 

Monroe,  Ind 

Monroe,  Tnd 

Monroe,  Ind 

Monroe,  Ind 

Monroe,  Ind 

Monroe,  Ind 

Monroe,  Ind 

Monroe,  Ind 

Monroe,  Ind 

Monroe,  Ind 

Monroe,  Ind 

Monroe,  Iowa 

Monroe,  Iowa 

Monroe,  Iowa 

Monroe,  Iowa 

Monroe,  Iowa 

Monroe,  Iowa 

Monroe,  Iowa 

Monroe,  Iowa 

Monroe,  Iowa 

Monroe,  Iowa 

Monroe,  Iowa 

Monroe,  Kan 


Rank  of 
place. 


beat 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

city 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

post-vill 

townsliip 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post  twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-town 

j)ost-town 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Neshoba 

Herkimer 

Montgomery.. 

Lane 

Ashland 

Ashland 

Berks 

Franklin  

Calaveras 

Calaveras 

Will 

Clay 

Emery 

Pike 

Pike 

Rock  Island... 

Elk 

Taylor 

Presque  Isle.. 

Sibley 

Kankakee 

Kankakee 

Fillmore 

Ford 

Juab 

York 

Cascade 

Lucas 

Duval 

Harrison 

Hand 

Perry 

Buffalo 

ISuffalo 

Will , 

Will 

Saint  Clair 

Barry 

McLean 

Houston 

Wayne 

Forest 

Cooper 

Randolph 

Bay 

Sherman 

Addison 

Warren 

Warren 

Jackson 

Shawnee 

Kennebec 

Polk 

White 

White 

Clayton 

Clayton 

Greene 

Washington... 

Mississippi 

Sevier 

Fairfield 

Walton 

Cass 

Hardin 

Ogle 

Pope 

Adams 

Allen 

Carroll 

Clarke 

Delaware 

Grant 

Howard 

Jefferson 

Kosciusko 

Madison 

Morgan 

Pike 

Pulaski 

Putnam 

Randolph 

Washington... 

Benton 

Butler 

Fremont 

Jasper 

Johnson 

Linn 

Madison 

Mahaska 

Monroe 

Ringgold 

Shelby 

Wayne 

Anderson 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


2,051 

1,441 

2,943 

298 

1,693 

141 

207 

2,254 


1,792 


7,800 
79 


490 

145 

1,213 

1,037 

502 

744 

602 

1.055 


1,031 


1,630 


295 
1,594 

603 
1,321 


1,104 

764 

2,301 


1,539 

1,472 

931 


1,02; 
6,420 
6,00<J 
1,594 
1,170 
1,520 
1,257 
1,215 

288 
1,623 

420 

9.30 
2,904 
2,049 

971 
1,157 

530 


1,484 

968 

1,000 

1,534 

1,612 

1,566 

1,887 

1,433 

1,287 

1,1.59 

1,362 

1,026 

2,648 

1,538 

2,115 

1,774 

1,477 

1,875 

1,075 

829 

891 

985 

982 

941 

1,192 

760 

1,254 

753 

545 

1,012 

648 

2,144 

161 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OP   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
•tato. 


Monroe,  La. 

Mutirov,  He 

Monroe,  Mmb. , 

Monroe,  Mich 

Monroe,  Mich 

Monroe,  Mich 

Monroe,  Minn 

Monroe,  Mia*. 

Monroe,  Mo 

Monitio,  Mo 

Moiinx),  Mo...,....., 

Moiinx',  Mo 

Monroe,  Mo 

Monroe,  Mo 

Monroe,  Neb 

Monroe,  Neb , 

Monroe,  Nob 

Monroe,  N.H 

Monroe,  N.J 

Monroe,  N  J 

Monroe,  NY 

Monroe,  N.Y 

Monroe,  N.C , 

Monroe,  N.C 

Monroe,  N.C 

Monroe,  0 , 

Monroe,  0 

Monroe,  O 

Monroe,  O 

Monroe,  0 

Monroe,  0 

Monroe,  0 .., 

Monroe,  O 

Monroe,  O 

Monroe,  O 

Monroe,  O 

Monroe,  O 

Monroe,  0 

Monroe,  O 

Monroe,  0 , 

Monroe,  O 

Monroe,  0 

Monroe,  0 

Monroe,  O 

Monroe,  0 , 

Monroe,  0 

Monroe,  O 

Monroe,  Ore 

Monroe,  Pa 

Monroe,  Pa , 

Monroe,  Pa 

Monroe,  Pa; 

Monroe,  Pa. , 

Monroe,  Pa 

Monroe,  Pa 

Monroe,  Pa 

Monroe,  Utah 

Blonroe,  Utah 

Monroe,  Va 

Monroe,  Wis 

Monroe,  Wis 

Monroe,  Wi» 

Monroe  City,  Ind.. 
Monroe  City,  Mo.. 
Monroeville,  Ala... 
Monroeville,  Ind.. 

Monrovia,  Ala , 

Monrovia,  Cat 

MoiiBon,  Me , 

Monson,  Miiss 

Monson,  Minn 

Montiigue,  Cal 

Montague,  Mngs,... 
Moniiij:^e,  Midi... 
Montague,  Mich..., 

Montague,  N.J 

Monfcigue,  N.Y...., 

Montague,  Tex 

Mont  AJto,  Pa 

Montana,  Col , 

Montana,  Kan 

Montana,  Kan 

Montana,  Wis , 

Montcalm,  Mich.  . 
Montclair,  &c.,  Cul 

Montclair,  Col , 

Montclair,  N.J 

Mont  Clare,  Pa 

Monte  Bello,  111... 
Montecillo,  N.M... 

Monteer,  Mo 

Montello,  Wis 

Moiitello,  Wis 

Monterey,  Ala 

Monterey,  Cal 

Monterey,  Cal 

162 


Rank  of 
place. 


city 

po«t-twp 

post-town 

towuihip 

city 

townahip 

township 

poat-beat 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

poat-twp 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

poat-vili 

township 

township 

|>08t-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

boruugh 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-town 

pot't-prect 

post-town 

poet-prect 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

I>ost-vilt 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

pogt-vill 

post-prect 

township 

poat-Tiil 


Oonnty. 


Ouachita 

Waldo 

rninklin 

Monroe 

Monroe 

Newaygo 

Lyon 

Perry 

Andrew 

Daviess 

Lincoln 

Livingston 

Monroe 

Nodaway 

Hamilton 

Platte 

Saline 

Qiufton 

Qloucestur 

Middlesex 

Orange 

Orange 

Guilford 

Union 

Union 

Adams 

Allen 

Ashtabula 

Carroll 

Clermont  

Coshocton 

Darke 

Guernsey 

Hurrisou 

Henry 

Holmes 

Knox 

Licking.. 

Logau 

Madison 

Miami 

Muskingum... 

Perry 

Pickaway 

Preble 

Putnam 

Richland 

Benton 

Bedford 

Bradford 

Bradford 

Clarion 

Cumberland... 

Juniata 

Snyder 

Wyoming 

Sevier 

Sevier 

Greene 

Adams 

Green 

Green 

Knox 

Monroe 

Monroe 

Allen 

Madison 

Los  Angeles... 

Piscata<iui8 

Hampden 

Traverse 

Siskiyou 

Franklin 

Muskegon 

Muskegon 

Sussex 

Lewis 

Montague 

Franklin 

Jefferson 

Jewell 

Labette 

Buffiilo 

Montcalm 

Arapahoe 

Arapahoe 

Essex 

Montgomery.. 

Hancock 

Sierra 

Shannon 

Marquette. 

Marquette 

Butler 

Monterey 

Monterey 


Population. 


2,070 
I,36C 

16«i 
1,018 
4,0:SO 

362 

281 

OO 

1,172 

869 
1,944 

961 
1,130 


664 


631 

604 
1,858 
»,017 
6,096 

459 

905 
4,061 
1,664 
1,400 
2,182 
1,459 
1,283 
2,101 
I.IKKJ 
1,4(K) 
1,080 
1,364 
1,1-18 
1,054 
1,031 
1,339 
1,309 

6.W 
2,829 

980 
1,780 
1,880 
1,986 

788 
1,888 

801 
1,911 
1,388 

383 
1,161 
1,'.K)5 
1,125 
1,477 
1,171 

744 


1,692 
448 
902 

3,293 
401 
640 

1,832 
578 


827 
3,758 


4,875 
1,950 
1,297 
1,022 
975 
328 


788 

871 

847 

1,724 


6,147 
4,970 


960 

394 

1,505 


1,396 


3,256 
1,079 

282 

89U 
6,258 
1,0<)« 

252 
2,375 
1,1*1 
1,012 
2,579 

992 
2,360 

l,:i;i4 

8.'i6 

780 

783 

478 

1,945 

3,040 

1,094 

630 

936 

4,876 

1,866 

1,4.30 

1,995 

1,492 

1,487 

1,8.37 

l,a31 

1,339 

966 

1,882 

2,037 

1,062 

874 

1,340 

1,260 

704 

2,718 

878 

4,.5()6 

1,714 

2,067 

2,ti97 

1,779 

503 

1,909 

1,.596 

496 

1,047 

1,744 

1,092 

1,279 

1,345 

880 

880 

1,714 

462 

966 

3,768 

589 

1,8.30 

2,286 

673 

1,479 

907 

1,237 

3,650 

:itH 

250 

6,296 

1,967 

1,623 

797 

9(15 

795 

658 

6(»5 

772 

838 

840 

1,510 

2,182 

380 

8,666 

666 

2,129 

426 

836 

1,177 

761 

1,271 

4,677 

1,662 


Mame  of  place  and 
state. 


Monterey,  Ind 

Monterey,  Ky 

Monterey,  Ky 

Monerey,  Mats 

Monterey,  Mich 

Monterey,  Neb 

Monterey,  O 

Monterey,  Va 

Montesano,  Wash 

Montevallo,  Ala 

Montevallo,  Ala 

Montevallo,  Mo 

Montevideo,  Minn 

Monte  Vista,  Col 

Montezuma,  Cal 

Montezuma,  Ac,  Col.... 

Montezuma,  Ga 

Montezumu,  Ga 

Slonteznma,  Hi 

Montezumu,  Ind 

Montezuma,  Iowa 

Montezuma,  Kan 

MoniezuniH,  N.Y 

Montezuma,  N.Y 

Montford  Cove,  N.C 

Montfort,  Wis 

Monlforion,  Mont 

Montgomery,  Ala 

Montgomery,  Ark 

Montgomery,  III 

Montgomery,  III 

Montgomery,  III 

Montgomery,  Ind 

Montgomery,  Ind 

Montgomery,  Ind 

Montgomery,  Ind 

Montgomery,  Ky 

Montgomery,  i,,a. 

Montgomery,  Mass 

Montgomery,  Minn 

Montgomery,  Minn 

Montgomery,  Mo 

Montgomery,  Mo 

Montgomery,  Mo 

Montgomery,  N.J 

Montgomery,  N.Y 

Montgomery,  N.Y 

Montgomery,  0 

Montgomery,  0 

Montgomery,  0 

Montgomery,  0 

Montgomery,  Pa 

Montgomery,  Pa 

Montgonjery,  I'a 

Montgomery,  Vt 

Montgomery  City,  Mo 
Montgomery  Hill,  Ala.. 
Montgomery  Sta'n,  I'a. 

Monticello,  Ala 

Monticello,  Ark 

Monticello,  Fla. 

Monticello,  Ga 

Monticello,  Ga 

Monticello,  111 

Monticello,  III 

Monticello,  Ind 

Monticello,  Iowa 

Monticello,  Iowa 

Monticello,  Kan 

Monticello,  Ky 

Monticello,  Ky 

Monticello,  Me 

Monticello,  Minn 

Monticello,  Minn 

Monticello,  Mo 

Monticello,  N.Y 

Monticello,  Utah 

Monticello,  Wis 

Monticello,  Wis 

Montiflore,  N.D 

Montmorency,  111 

Montmorency,  Mich.... 

Montour  Cove,  La. 

Montour,  Iowa 

Montour,  N.Y 

Montour,  Pa 

Montoursville,  Pa 

Montpeiier,  Idaho 

Montpelier,  Idaho 

Montpeiier,  Ind 

Montpelier,  Iowa. 

Montpeiier,  O 

Montpelier,  S.D 

Montpelier,  Vt 

Montpelier,  Vt 

Montpelier,  Wis...» 


Itank  of 
place. 


post-town 

mag-<list 

IKiat-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

townvhip 

mng.-dist 

poet-town 

jirecinct 

|>ost-viII 

post-twp 

post-vill 

I>otit-town 

township 

post-prect 

mil.-dii4t 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

l>ost-twp 

township 

l>ost-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

city 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

IK)8t-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

[)ost-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

post-twp 

precinct 

(xjst-town 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

Ijcst-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

ward 

post-town 

townsliip 

township 

post-boro' 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

township 

poBt-vill 

township 


Oountj. 


Pulaski 

Owen 

Owen 

Berkshire 

Allegan 

Cuming 

Putniim 

Highland 

Chehalhi 

Shelby 

Shelby 

Vernon 

Chip|>ewa 

Rio  Grande 

Solano 

Summit 

Macon 

Macon 

Pike 

Parke 

Poweshiek 

Gray 

Cayuga 

Cayuga 

McDowell 

Grant 

Oalhitin 

Montgomery.., 

Monroe 

Crawford 

Kane 

Woodford. 

Daviess 

Gibson 

Jennings 

Owen 

Trigg 

Grunt 

Hampden 

Le Sueur 

Le  Sueur 

Hickory 

Montgomery.., 

Wright 

Somerset 

Orange 

Orange 

Ashland 

Franklin 

Marion 

Wood 

Franklin 

Indiana 

Montgomery.., 

Franklin 

Montgomery.., 

Baldwin 

Lvcoming 

Pike 

Drew 

Jefferson 

Jasper 

Jasper 

Piatt 

Piatt 

White 

Jones 

Jones 

Johnson 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Aroostook 

Wrigh 

Wright 

Lewis 

Sullivan 

San  Juan 

Green 

Lafayette 

McLean 

Whiteside 

Montmorency.. 

Vermilion 

Tama 

Schuyler 

Columbia 

Lycoming 

Bear  Luke 

Bear  Lake 

Blackford 

Muscatine 

Williams 

Edmunds 

Washington.... 
Washington.... 
Kewaunee....... 


Population. 


1880.      1800, 

144 

2,490 
2:i6 

1,533 


1,.354 
1,406 


2,3:J4 
402 

1,09^ 
682 


619 


3,496 
441 

1,478 
781 
921 


1,294 
448 
798 
64 


16,713 

1,721 

1,941 

209 

902 

l.W 

3,180 

770 

668 

103 


:W3 

1,092 

261 
1,87.5 
2,778 

841 
1,928 
4,795 

935 
4,6:^8 
61,647 
1,765 
2,283 
1,211 
3,408 

876 
1,642 
1,165 


414 

766 
891 


1,473 

611 

2,.552 

l,:i37 

1,193 

2,905 

1,877 

1,3!(6 

3,273 

354 

965 

616 

290 

324 

941 


156 
413 


654 


1,308 
457 

1,771 
660 

1,193 


640 
618 
628 
406 


3,219 
1,874 
1,406 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Montrose,  Col 

Montrose,  Col 

Montrose,  Iowa 

Montrose,  Iowa 

Montrose,  Mich 

Montrose,  Minn 

Montrose,  Mo 

Montrose,  Neb 

Montrose,  N.D 

Montrose,  Pa 

Montrose,  S. D.... 

Montrose,  Wis 

Montross,  Va 

Monlvcrde,  Fl;i 

Montville,  Conn 

Montville,  Me 

Montville,  O 

Montville,  0 

Monument,  Cal 

Monument,  Col 

Monument,  Col 

Monument,  Kan 

Monumental,  Ore 

Mooily,  Ala 

Moody,  S.C... 

Moody,  Tex 

Mooers,  N.Y .... 

Moon,  Pa 

Moon,  Pa 

Mooney,  Ark 

Mooney,  Mo 

Moons,  S.C 

Moonsiiine,  Minn 

Moore,  Kan 

Moore,  Mich 

Moore,  Minn 

Moore,  Mo 

Moore,  Mo 

Moore,  Pa 

Moore  Creek,  Idalio.... 

Moorefield,  Ind 

Moorefield,  Neb 

Moorefield,  0 

Moorefield,  0 

Moorefield,  W.  Va 

Jloorefield,  W.  Va.... .. 

Mooreland,  Pa 

Bloore  Prairie,  111 

Mooresborougli,  N.C. .. 
Moore's  Bridge,  Ala.... 

Moore's  Hill,  Ind 

Moore's  Station,  Cal.... 

Mooresville,  Ala. 

Moortsville,  Ala 

Mooresville,  Ind 

Mooresville,  Minn 

Mooresville,  Mo , 

Mooresville,  Mo 

Mooresville,  N.C 

Moorhead,  Minn 

Moorhead,  Minn 

Moorland,  Mich 

Moors,  Ala 

Moose  Lake,  Minn 

Moose  Lake,  Minn 

Mora,  N.M 

Mora  Cordillera,  N.5I 

Moraine,  N.D 

Moral,  Ind 

Moran,  Mich 

Moran,  Minn 

Morantown,  Kan 

Moravia,  Iowa 

Moravia,  N.Y 

Moravia,  NY 

Moravian  Falls,  N.C. 

Morea,  Pa 

Moreau,  Mo 

Moreau,  Mo 

Moreau,  Mo 

Moreau,  N.Y 

Moredock,  111 

Morehead,  Ky 

Moreliead,  Ky 

Morehead,  N.C 

Morehead,  N.C 

Morehead  City,  N.C. 

Morehouse,  N.Y 

Moreland,  Ark 

Moreland,  Mo 

Moreland,  Mont 

Moreland,  Pa 

Morelaw,  Kan 

Morenci,  Ariz 

Morenci,  Mich 

Moretown,  Vt 


Hank  of 
place. 


precinct 
post-vill 
township 

JHJSt-Vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

town.ship 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

iwst-twp 

mag  -dist 

poat-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-town 

preci  net 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

village 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

l)Ost-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 


County. 


Montrose 

Montrose.... 

Lee 

Lee , 

Genesee 

Wright 

Henry 

Sioux 

Cavalier 

Susquehanna.... 

McCook 

Dane 

Westmoreland. 

Lake 

New  London... 

Waldo 

Geauga 

Medina 

San  Diego 

£1  Paso 

Kl  Paso 

Logan 

Harney 

Saint  Clair 

Marion 

McLennan 

Clinton , 

Alleghany 

Beaver 

Phillips 

Polk 

Newberry , 

Big  Stone ,.., 

Barber 

Sanilac 

Stevens 

Oregon 

Shannon 

Northampton.. 

Boise 

Switzerland 

Frontier 

Clark 

Harrison 

Hardy 

Hardy 

Montgomery  .. 

Jefferson 

Cleveland , 

Tuscaloosa 

Dearborn 

Butte 

Limestone 

Limestone 

Morgan 

Crow  Wing 

Livingston 

Livingston 

Iredell.,„ 

Clay 

Clay 

Sluskegon 

De  Kalb 

Carlton 

Carlton 

Mora 

Mora 

Grand  Forks... 

Shelby 

Mackinac 

Todd 

Allen 

Appanoose 

Cayuga 

Cayuga ,.., 

Wilkes 

Schuylkill 

Cole 

Moniteau... 

Morgan 

Saratoga 

Monroe 

Rowan , 

Uowan 

Carteret 

Guilford 

Carteret 

Hamilton 

Pope 

Scott 

Galluin 

Lycoming 

Graham 

Graham., 

Lenawee 

Washington.... 


Population. 


2,272 
9S3 

1,357 
141 
4yj 


1,722 


1,108 
2,15G 


2,604 

1,265 

824 

1,304 


1,378 


4,381 
1,389 
1,124 
396 
1,561 
2,102 


359 
236 
673 
149 
2,728 


1,345 
1,075 
1,635 
654 
1,746 
1,214 


281 
333 


183 
861 


1,112 
17 
508 


613 
100 


1,814 
306 
464 


173 
2,<)99 
1,540 


1,736 
1,365 
3,045 
2,555 

66 

1,051 

163 

1,365 

2,699 

52(1 

181 

394 

1,371 


1,209 
1,180 


685 

1,330 

1,7»8 

778 

1,654 

214 

644 

336 

897 

1,7.35 

563 

1,251 

2,032 

141 

2,344 

1,049 

691 

854 

•itU) 

44;i 

177 

429 

100 

805 

1,720 

432 

3,467 

1,449 

l,(Kt2 

532 

1,826 

2,265 

198 

397 

J<83 

220 

740 

309 

2,544 

90 

115 

443 

1,307 

1,150 

1,744 

495 

1,889 

1,1(54 

197 

612 

469 

437 

1,6')4 

143 

891 

787 

1,099 

300 

886 

294 

2,088 

738 

750 

474 

169 

688 

242 

64 

1,626 

452 

273 

463 

311 

2,498 

1,486 

1,1&6 

823 

2,029 

1,248 

3,816 

2,698 

677 

1,790 

491 

1,663 

2,331 

1,064 

182 

234 

1,808 

125 

737 

347 

758 

1,248 

952 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Morgan,  Ala 

Morgan,  Ark 

Morgan,  Ark, 

Morgan,  Ark 

Morgan,  6a 

Morgan,  Ga 

Morgan,  Ga 

Morgan,  III 

Morgan,  Ind 

Morgan,  Ind 

Morgan,  Ind 

Morgan,  Iowa 

Morgan,  Iowa 

Morgan,  Iowa 

Morgan,  Iowa 

Morgan,  Iowa 

Morgan,  Kan 

Morgan,  Minn 

Morgan,  Minn 

Morgan,  Mo 

Morgan,  Mo... 

Morgan,  N.C 

Morgan,  N.C 

Morgan,  N.D 

Morgan,  0 

Morgan,  0 

Morgan,  O 

Morgan,  O 

Morgan,  O 

Morgan,  0 

Morgan,  Pa 

Morgan,  Tex 

Morgan,  Utah 

Morgan,  Utah 

Morgan,  Vt 

Morgan,  W.  Va 

Morgan  City,  La 

Morganfield,  Ky 

Morganfleld,  Ky 

Morgan  Park,  III 

Morganton,  Ga 

Morganton,  Ga 

Morganton,  N.C 

Morganton,  N.C 

Morganton,  Tenn 

Morgantown,  Ky 

Morgantown,  Ky 

Morgantown,  W.  Va.... 

Morganville,  Kan 

Moriah,  N.Y 

Moritzius,  Minn 

Morken,  Minn 

Morley,  Mich 

Morlev,  Mo 

Morley,  Mo 

Mormon  Basin,  Ore 

Morning  Star,  N.C 

Morning  Sun,  Iowa 

Morning  Sun,  Iowa 

Moro,  Ark 

Moro,  Ark 

Moro,  III 

Moro,  Ore 

Morocco,  Ind 

Moroni,  Utah 

Moroni,  Utah 

Morrellville,  Pa 

Morrice,  Mich 

Morrill,  Kan 

Morrill,  Kan 

Morrill,  Me , 

Morrill,  Minn 

Morrillton,  Ark 

Morris,  Ala 

Morris,  Ark 

Morris,  Conn 

Morris,  III 

Morris,  HI 

M'Tiix,  Kan.... 

Morris,  Minn,... 

Morris,  Minn 

Morris,  Mo 

Morris,  Mo .,...,. 

Morris,  N.J , 

Morris,  N.Y 

Morris,  N.Y 

Morris,  N.D 

Moiris,  O 

Morris,  Pa 

Morris,  Pa 

Morris,  Pa 

Morris,  Pa 

Morris,  Pa 

Morris,  Wis 

Morrisdale,  Pa 

Morrison,  Ala 


Bank  of 
place. 


precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

mi  I. -dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

niag.-dist 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

civil-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

village 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

village 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

city 

post-town 

township 

post-tow  n 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-vill 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

village 

precinct 


County. 


Winston 

Franklin 

Lawrence 

Sharp 

Calhoun 

Clinch 

Hall  

Coles 

Harrison 

Owen 

Porter 

Crawford 

Decatur 

Franklin 

Harrison 

Woodbury 

Thomas 

Redwood 

Redwood......... 

Dade 

Mercer 

Uowan 

Kutherfoid 

Traill 

Ashtabula 

Butler 

Gallia 

Knox 

Morgan 

Scioto 

Greene 

Bosque 

Morgan..... 

Morgan 

Orleans 

Monongalia 

Saint  Mary's.... 

Union 

Union 

Cook 

Fannin 

Fannin 

Burke 

Burke 

Loudon 

Butler 

Butler 

Monongalia 

Clay 

Kssex 

Wright 

Clay 

Mecosta 

Scott 

Scott 

Malheur 

Mecklenburg... 

Louif^a 

Louisa 

Bradley 

Calhoun 

Madison 

Sherman 

Newton 

San  Fete 

San  Pete 

Cambria 

Shiawassee 

Brown 

Brown 

Waldo 

Morrison 

Conway 

Jefferson 

Arkansas 

Litchfield 

Grundy 

Grundy 

Sumner. 

Stevens 

Stevens 

Sullivan 

Texas 

Morris 

Otsego 

Otsego 

Bamsey 

Knox 

Clearfield 

Greene 

Huntingdon.... 

Tioga 

Washington 

Shawano 

Clearfield 

Randolph 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


44 
11 

392 

1,264 

895 

1,391 

918 

708 

464 

601 

484 

711 

63 


66 


1,679 

2,857 

1,180 

713 


1,223 

1,884 

1,405 

728 

2,005 

1,019 

1,035 

347 

582 

433 

711 

2,722 

2,015 

2,900 

744 

187 

1,482 

143 

2,966 

861 

762 


204 
V45 


7,379 
104 


299 
828 
232 


1,593 

1,734 

812 

292 

786 

1,249 


174 
8:i8 
8.38 
659 
229 
972 


494 


770 


408 

627 

3,571 

3,486 

322 

269 

743 

909 

1,080 

6,837 

2,404 

768 


833 

1,909 

1,390 

678 

622 

1,161 


409 
967 

163 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  plac*  and 
■UU. 


Morriton,  Col 

Morriaon,  Oul„ 

Murrlaon,  III 

Morrison,  Iowa..... 

Morrlion.  Wii , 

Morriionville,  III..., 
MornstuwD,  Ind.... 
MorrUtowD,  It  Inn.. 
MurrUtuwD,  Minn. 
Morristuwn,  N.J.... 
Morriituwn,  N.Y.... 
Morrintown,  N.Y..., 

Morristuwn,  0 

Monlstown,  Teun., 

Morrisumn,  Vt 

Morri8v:ile,N.Y...., 
Morrisville,  N.C.... 

Morhsville,  Pa. 

Monro,  ChI 

Morrow,  Oa 

MoiTow,  tlo 

Morrow,  Mo , 

Morrow,  O 

Mofoe,  Idaho.„ 

Morse,  Minn 

Morse,  Wis 

Morion,  III 

Morton,  111 

Morton,  Iowa. 

Morton,  Kan 

Morton,  Kan 

Morton,  Kan 

Morton,  Kan 

Morton,  Mich 

Morton,  Minn 

Morton,  N<^l> 

Morton,  N.C 

Morton,  N.D , 

Morton,  Ph 

Moiton,  S.D.. , 

Morton.  8.D 

Morton's  Gap,  Ky... 
MortonsTille,  Ky.... 

Morven,  Ga , 

Morven,  N.C 

Morzhovoi,  Alaska. 

Mosalcm,  Iowa. , 

Moscow,  Ala , 

Moscow,  Idaho... .., 

,  Moscow,  Iowa. 

Moscow,  Kan 

Moscow,  Ky 

Moscow,  Ky 

Moeciiw,  Me.„ 

Moscow,  Md 

Moscow,  Mich 

Moscow,  Minn 

Moscow,  Miss 

Moscow,  N.O 

Moscow,  O 

Moscow,  Pa.. 

Moscow,  Tenn 

Moscow,  Wis 

Mo.'el,  Wis 

Mosely  Hull,  N.C... 

Mosier,  Ore 

Mosinee,  Wis 

Mosinee,  Wis. 

Mosquito,  IIU 

Moss,  Ark. 

Moss,  Ga , 

Mow,  S.C 

Moss  Creek,  Mo 

Mossy  Bend,  Fla... 
Mossy  Creek,  Ga... 
Mossy  Head,  Fla... 

Motley,  Minn 

Motley,  Minn 

Mott,  Cal 
Mott,  Iowa 
Mottville,  Mich 
Mottville,  N.Y 
Moulton,  Ala. 

Moulton,  Iowa 

Moulton,  Minn 

Moulton,  O 

Moulton,  Tex 

Moultonlmrough,  N.H 

Moultrie.  Ga 

Mound,  III 

Mound,  III 

Monnd,  Ind 

Mound,  Kan 

Monnd,  Kan 

Monnd,  Kan 

Mound,  Minn 

164 


Bank  of 
place. 


precinct 
post-vill 
clly 
{Kwl-town 

|K>«l-tW|> 

|iost-vill 

IHWt-lown 

township 

post-vill 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

|io8t-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

jwst-boro' 

poet-twp 

niil.-dlHt 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

village 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

IHist-town 

mag.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

hamlet 

townsliip 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-twj) 

uiag.-dist 

poRt-vill 

township 

Tillage 

post-twp 

township 

post- heat 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post  prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

townsliip 

post-town 

post-vill 

posi-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


JeflTerson 

Jefferson.. 

Whiteside 

Grundy 

Brown 

Christian 

Shelby 

Kice 

Rice 

Morris 

Saint  Lawrence 
Saint  Lawrence 

Belmont. 

Hamblen 

Lamoille 

Madison 

Wake 

Bucks 

San  Luis  Obispo 

Columbia 

Adair 

Macon 

Warren 

Lemhi 

St.  Ixiuls 

Ashland 

Tazewell 

THzewell.„ 

I'age 

Morton 

Otiawa 

Sedgwick 

Wallace 

Mecosta 

Kenville 

York 

Alamance 

Burleigh 

Delaware 

Day 

Sully 

Hopkins 

Woodford 

Brooks 

Anson 


Dubuque 

Lamar 

Latah 

Muscatine.... 

Stevens 

Hickman 

Hickman 

Somerset 

Alleghany.... 

Hillsdale 

Freeborn 

Kemper , 

Cavalier 

Clermont 

Lackawanna, 

Fayette 

Iowa 

Sheboygan  ... 

Lenoir 

Wmsco 

Marathon 

Marathon 

Christian 

Columbia. 

Elbert 

Edgefield 

Carroll 

Walton , 

White 

Walton 

Morrison 

Morrison 

Siskiyou 

Franklin 

Saint  Joseph.... 
Onondaga ... 
Lawrence.... 
Appanoose... 

Murray 

Auglaize 

Lavaca 

Carroll 

Colquit 

Effingham... 
McDonongh 

Warren 

McPherson.. 

Miami 

Phillips 

Bock 


Population. 


180 

l,UMl 

116 

1,643 

748 

376 

1,422 

617 

6,418 

2,180 

897 

4:i4 

1,35(' 

2,<>99 

741 

105 

968 

281 

927 

1,083 

798 

94C 


1,490 
420 

707 


270 
"471 


241 

1,270 
1,856 
2,226 


900 


373 


1,828 
288 
522 
264 

1,:«7 
650 

2,860 


616 
320 
193 
921 

1,011 

2,446 
110 
882 
201 

1,.551 
826 
768 

1,480 


1,153 


205 
199 


2,304 
690 
5:53 

3,.5fl3 
681 
09 

1,436 
109 

l,2.->4 
790 

1,8711 

1,30.'> 
484 
66:) 
739 
37.-) 
244 


4.V) 
2.V4 

2,U88 
1«6 

1,449 
844 
661 

1,6.57 
617 

8,156 

1,906 
472 
371 

1,999 

2,411 
726 
149 

1,203 

1,817 

1,095 

1,472 
688 
842 
75 
702 
3:JI 

1,061 
657 
704 
150 
697 
695 
218 
907 
453 
916 

1,240 

16 

82 1 

344 

39 

648 

1,119 

2,300 

2,662 
08 
814 

1,778 

2,K61 
0-10 
184 

1,913 
315 
422 
218 

1,127 
6:19 

3,412 
143 
691 
582 
201 

1,145 
863 

2,471 
240 
620 
427 

1,377 

1,000 
912 

1,3,'>3 
620 
279 

1,009 
.54 
365 
52.T 

1,173 
499 
644 
651 

2,925 
769 
144 

1,3:59 
231 

1,034 
645 

2,225 

1,145 
615 

1,150 
730 
6:59 
326 


Name  of  place  and 
Mate. 


Mound,  Mo 

Mound  Clly,  Ark 

Mound  Clly,  III 

Mound  City,  Kan 

Mound  City,  Kan 

Mound  Clly,  Mo 

Mound  Prairie,  Iowa... 
Klonnd  Prairie,  Minn  ., 

Moundrldge,  Kan 

Mounds  Junction,  III... 

Mound  Station,  111 

Moundsview,  Minn 

Moun<lsville,  W.  Ya 

Mound  Valley,  Kan  .... 

Mound  Valley,  Kan 

Moundville,  Mo 

Moundville,  Mo 

Moundville,  Wis 

Mountain,  Ala 

Mountain,  Ark 

Mountain,  Ark 

Mountain,  Ark 

Mountain,  Ark 

Mountain,  Ark 

Mountain,  Ark.. 

Mountain,  Ark 

Mountain,  Ark 

Mountain,  Ark 

Mountain,  Ark 

Mountain,  Ark 

Mountain,  Ark 

Mountain,  Cal 

Mountain,  &c.,  Cal 

Mountain,  Cal 

Mountain,  Ga 

Mountain,  Ga 

Mountain,  III 

Mountain,  Mo 

Mountain,  Mo 

Mountain,  Ore 

Mountain,  Wash 

Mountain  City,  Tenn... 
Mountain  Cove,  W.  Va. 
Mountain  Creek,  Ala.... 
Mountain  Creek,  N.C... 
Mountain  Creek,  Ore... 
Mountain  Dell,  Utah... 
Mountain  Grove,  Mo.... 
Mountain  Grove,  Mo.... 
Mountain  Home,  Ark .. 
Mountain  Home,  Ark... 
Mountain  Home,  Iilaho 
Mountain  Home,  Maho 
Mountain  Island,  N.C. 
Mouniam  Lake,  Minn. 
Mountain  Lake,  Minn. 
Mountain  Meadow, 

Idaho 

Mountain  Meadows, Col 
Mountain  Ranch,  Ore.. 
Mountain  Spring,  Ala.. 
Mountain  Spring,  Cal.. 

Mountain  Top,  Pa 

Mountaintown,  Ga., 

Mountainville,  Pa 

Mount  Airy,  Ga. 

Mount  Airy,  Md 

Mount  Airy,  N.C 

Mount  Airy,  N.C 

Mount  Andrew,  Ala 

Mount  Auburn,  Ga 

Mount  Auburn,  111 

Mount  Auburn,  III 

Mount  Auburn,  Ind.... 

Mount  Ayr,  Iowa 

Mount  Ayr,  Kan 

Mount  Blanchard,  O. ... 

Mount  Blanco,  Tex 

Mount  Calm,  Ark 

Mount  Carbon,  Pa 

Mount  Carbon,  W.  Va.. 

Mount  Carmel,  III 

Mount  Carmel,  III 

Mount  Carmel,  III 

Mount  Caimel,  Ind 

Mount  Carmel,  Ky 

Mount  Carmel,  Ky 

Mount  Carmel,  Miss.... 

Mount  Carmel,  Pa 

Mount  Carmel,  Pa 

Mount  Carmel,  Utah.... 

Mount  Carmel,  Va 

Mount  Carroll,  111 

Mount  Carroll,  III 

Mount  Chase,  5Ie 

Mount  Clemens,  Mich.. 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

IKHit  twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

townsliip 

ix)8t-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

(K)St-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

poBt-vill 

IKjst-town 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

district 

townsliip 

post-vill 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

township 

|X)st-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

borough 

jiost-town 

village 

precinct 

city 

l)08t-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-beat 

township 

post-boro' 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

township 

city 

township 

city 


County. 


Bate« 

Crittenden 

Culuski 

Linn 

Linn 

Holt 

Jasper 

Houston 

McPlierson 

Pulaski 

Brown 

Itamsey 

MHrsliall 

Labette 

Labette 

Vernon 

Vernon 

Marquette 

Clay 

Cleburne.... ».... 

Crawford 

Franklin 

Garland 

Ho\%ard.. 

Lognn 

Montgomery 

Pike 

P(dk 

Scott... 

Washington 

Yell 

El  Dorado 

San  Bernardino 

Siskiyou 

Dade 

Walton 

Saline 

Barry 

McDonald 

Umatilla. 

Snohomish 

.lohnson 

Fayette 

Autauga 

Catiiwba 

Grant 

Salt  Lake 

Wright 

Wright 

Baxter 

Baxter 

Elmore 

Elmore 

Gaston 

Cottonwood 

Cottonwood 


Latah 

Routt 

Curry 

Franklin 

Butte 

Luzerne 

Gilmer 

Lehigh 

Habersham 

Carroll 

Surry 

Surry 

Barbour 

McDuffie 

Christian 

Christian 

Wayne 

Ringgold 

Osborne 

Hancock 

Crosby  

Fulton 

Schuylkill 

Fayette 

Jackson 

Wabash 

Wabash 

Franklin 

Fleming 

Fleming 

Covington 

Northumberl'd 
Northumberl'd 

Kane 

Halifax 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Penobscot 

Macomb 


Population, 


680 
695 
2,222 
1,471 
443 
678 
843 
750 


684 

196 

673 

1,774 

l,^08 

|:J8 

7(4 

85 

334 

190 

147 

1,066 


369 


flOO 
6;l2 
440 
682 
411 
1,068 
365 
268 


202 
i:S0 
1,621 
975 
990 
297 
300 


278 
.3,011 


1,014 


95 
721 
92 

1,008 
137 


321 
1,043 


796 
108 
112 


2,893 

519 

1,199 

1,182 

1,741 

208 

171 

1,276 

657 

285 


2,753 
2,047 

182 
1,518 

185 
1,913 
3,126 
2,:i78 

1:57 
2,773 
2,878 


310 
3,057 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Nume  of  place  and 
gtate. 


Mount  Clio,  S.C 

Mount  Cory,  0 

Mount  Crogiian,  S.C... 

Mount  Desert,  Me 

Mount  Dura,  Kla 

Mount  liatou,  0 

Mount  Eden,  Ky 

Mount  Kden,  Ky 

Mount  Erie,  III 

Mount  Erie,  111 

Mount  Fiiirview,  Cal... 

Mount  Gilead,  N.C 

Mount  Gilea<i,  0 

Mount  Gilead,  Va 

Mount  Haley,  Mich 

Mount  Hebron,  Ala 

Mount  Hermon,  N.C... 

Mount  High,  Ala 

Mount  Hilliard,  Ala.... 

Mount  Holly,  N.C 

Mount  Holly,  Vt 

Mount  Holly  Spr'gs,  Pa 

Mount  Hope,  Ala 

Mount  Hope,  Ala 

Mount  Hope,  III 

Mount  Hope,  Kan 

Mount  Hope,  N.Y 

Mount  Hope,  Wis 

Mount  Horeb,  Tenn.... 

Mount  Ida,  Ala 

Mount  Ida,  Wis 

Mount  Idaho,  Idaho.... 
Mount  Jackson,  Ind. ... 

Mount  .loy.  Pa 

Mount  Joy,  Pa 

Mount  Joy,  Pa 

Mount  Kisco,  N.Y 

Mount  Laurel,  N.J 

Mount  Meigs,  Ala 

Mount  iMonis,  III 

Mount  Morris,  111 

Mount  Morris,  Mich.... 
Blount  Morris,  Mich.... 

Mount  Morris,  N.Y 

Mount  Morris,  N.Y 

Mount  Morris,  Wis 

Mount  Olive,  Ala 

Mount  Olive,  Ala 

Mount  Olive,  111 

Mount  Olive,  N..T 

Mount  Olive,  N.C 

Mount  Olivet,  Ky 

Mount  Olivet.  Ky 

Mount  Onib,  0 

Mount  Pindus,  Mich... 

Mount  Pitt,  Ore 

Mount  iMeasant,  Ala... 
Mount  Pleasant,  Ark... 

Mount  Pleasant,  Ga 

Mount  Pleasant,  III 

Mount  Pleasant,  Ind... 
Mount  Pleasant,  Iowa.. 
Mount  Pleasant,  Kan... 
Mount  Pleasant,  Kan... 
Mount  Pleasant,  Ky.... 
Mount  Pleasant,  Md.... 
Mount  Pleasant,  Mich. 
Mount  Pleasant,  Minn. 
Mount  Pleasant,  Miss.. 
Mount  Pleasant,  Mo.... 
Mount  Pleasant,  Mo.... 
Mount  Plea.sant,  Mo.... 
MouHt  Pleasant,  Mo.... 
Mount  Pleasant,  Neb.. 
Mount  Pleasant,  Neb... 
Mount  Pleasant,  N.Y... 
Mount  Pleasant,  N.C... 
Mount  Pleasant,  N.C... 
Mount  Pleasant,  N.D... 

Mount  Pleasant,  0 

Mount  Pleasant,  0 

Mount  Pleasant,  Pa.... 

Mount  Pleasant,  Pa 

Muunt  Pleasant,  Pa 

Mount  Pleasant,  Pa 

Mount  Pleasant,  Pa 

Mount  Pleasant,  Pa 

Mount  Pleasant,  S.C... 
Mount  Pleasant, S.D.... 
Mount  Pleasant,  Tenn. 
Mount  i'leasant,  Tex... 
Mount  Pleasant,  Utah 
Mount  Pleasant,  Wis.... 
Mount  Pleasant,  Wis. 
Mount  Pulaski,  111.... 
Mount  Pulaski,  111.... 


Hank  of 
place. 


township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-boro' 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-twp 

[lOst-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

inil.-dist 

township 

township 

city 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

district 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

city 

township 

township 

township 

po8t-TiU 


County. 


Sumter 

Hancock 

Chesterfield , 

Hancock 

Lake 

Wayne , 

Spencer , 

Spencer , 

Wayne 

Wayne 

San  Uiego 

Montgomery.... 

Morrow 

Loudoun 

Midland 

Greene 

Pasquotank 

Marshall 

Bullock 

Gaston 

Rutland 

Cumberland 

Lawrence 

Wilcox 

McLean 

Sedgwick 

Orange 

Grant 

Jefferson 

Crenshaw 

Grant 

Idaho 

Marion 

Adams 

Lancaster 

Lancaster 

Westchester 

Burlington 

Montgomery  ... 

Ogle 

Ogle 

Genesee 

Genesee 

Livingston 

Livingsion 

Wausliara 

Butler 

Coosa 

Macoupin 

Morris 

Wayne 

Robertson 

Robertson 

Brown 

Oscoda 

Jackson 

Monroe 

Searcy  

Wayne 

Whiteside 

Delaware 

Henry 

Atchison 

Labette 

Harlan 

Frederick 

Isabella 

Wabasha 

Marshall 

Bates 

Cass 

Lawrence 

Scotland 

Cass 

Greeley 

Westchester 

Cabarrus 

Cabarrus , 

Rolette 

Jefferson 

Jefferson , 

Adams 

Columbia 

Washington..... 

Wayne 

Westmoreland. 
Westmoreland. 

Berkeley 

Clark 

Maury 

Titus 

San  Pete 

Green 

Racine 

Logan 

Logan 


Population. 


2,456 


2,269 
1,017 


298 
1,528 

116 
1,471 

294 


2,119 

1,216 

4,494 

22:! 

3,167 

1,471 

578 

111 


1,390 
l,2.^6 
2,199 


1,490 


1,-M9 
742 


661 

871 

169 

110 

1,296 

2,554 

2,058 

728 

1,739 

2,893 

1,959 

855 

1,915 

502 

3,931 

1,899 

665 

481 

508 

709 

1,982 


2,411 
317 
242 


996 

278 

618 

3,048 

1,994 

4,410 

1,505 

657 

820 

1,598 

1,115 

642 

135 

3,428 

1,210 

1,040 

1,239 

668 


6,450 
1,234 


1,58' 
69: 

2,i; 


759 
1,67 
1,88 
4, 
1, 


,197 
783 


2,00 
1,08 
2,16 
2,U 
1,12 


2,831 

3:i4 

2,425 

1,355 

174 

278 

2,116 

193 

1,413 

266 

254 

2,322 

1,329 

4,478 

444 

1,663 

1,246 

7.i5 

195 

472 

1,214 

1,190 

2,086 

1,611 

6,4:i2 

241 

l,4:t7 

640 

341 

800 

799 

159 

313 

1,392 

2,2.'>8 

1,848 

1,095 

1,699 

2,912 

1,875 

895 

1,223 

351 

3,761 

2,286 

668 

380 

754 

1,986 

1,848 

393 

2,066 

327 

336 

107 

135 

830 

364 

374 

3,080 

1,925 

3,997 

1,465 

1,230 

1,491 

1,756 

2,701 

662 

110 

3,821 

1,595 

l,A5i 

1,276 

686 

160 

6,844 

1,332 

375 

.S;i5 

2,327 

644 

2,039 

786 

1,487 

1,640 

7,788 

3,652 

1,138 

232 

466 

963 

2,254 

1,248 

2,19i 

2,606 

1,357 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Mount  Savage,  Md 

Mount  Scott,  Ore 

Mount  Sidney,  Va 

Mount  Sneffels,  Col 

Mount  Sterling,  III 

Mount  Sterling,  III...... 

Mount  Sterling,  Ky 

Mount  Sterling,  Ky 

Mount  Sterling,  0 

Mount  Summit,  Ind.... 

Mount  Tabor,  Ore 

Mount  Tabor,  Vt 

Mount  Tirzah,  N.C 

Mount  Ulla,N.C 

Mount  Cnion,  Pa 

Mount  Valley,  Iowa.... 

Mount  Vernon,  Ala 

Mount  Vernon,  Ark 

Mount  Vernon,  Ark 

Mount  Vernon,  Cal 

Mount  Vernon, Ga 

Mount  Vernon,  111 

Mount  Vernon,  III 

Mount  Vernon,  Ind 

Mount  Vernon,  Iowa... 
Mount  Vernon,  Iowa... 
Mount  Vernon,  Iowa... 

Mount  Vernon,  Ky 

Mount  Vernon,  Ky 

Mount  Vernon,  Me 

Mount  Vernon,  Md 

Mount  Vernon,  Minn... 

Mount  Vernon,  Mo 

Mount  Vernon,  Mo 

Mount  Vernon,  N.H.... 
Mount  Vernon,  N.Y.... 

Mount  Vernon,  0 

Mount  Vernon,  S.D 

Mount  Vernon,  S.D 

Mount  Vernon,  Tex 

Mount  Vernon,  Va 

Mount  VenKiU,  Wash.. 

Mount  Victory,  0 

Mountville,  Ga 

Mountvillie,  N.J 

Mouiit  Washington,Ky 
Mount  Washington, Ky 
Mount  Washington, 

Mass 

Mount  Willing,  Ala 

Mount  Willing,  Ala 

Mount  Winans,  Md 

Mount  Zion,  Ga 

Mount  Zion,  111.. 

Mount  Zion,  Ky 

Mount  Zion,  S.C 

Mouth  of  Beaver,  Ky... 
Mouth  of  Caney  Creek, 

Ky 

Mouth  of  Mud,  Ky 

Mouth  of  Nelson,  Mont 

Moville,  Iowa 

Moville,  Iowa 

Moweaqua,  111 

Moweaqua,  111 

Mower,  Ky 

Mowry,  Ore 

Moyer,  Minn 

Moy.ck.  N.C 

Muck,  Wash 

Mud  Creek,  Ala 

Mud  Creek,  Ga 

Mud  Creek,  Ga 

Mud  Creek,  Neb 

Muddy,  Col 

Muddy,  Neb 

Muddy,  Keb 

Muddy,  Neb 

Muddy,  Ore 

Muddy  Bayou,  Ark 

Muddy  Creek,  Pa 

Muddy  Fork,  Ark 

Muddy  Fork,  Ark 

Mud  Lick,  Ky 

Mud  Springs.  Cal - 

Muhlenberg,  Pa 

Muhlenburg,  0 

Muir,  Mich 

Mukilteo,  Wash 

Mukwa,  Wis 

Mukwonago,  Wis 

Mukwonngo.  Wis 

Mulberry,  .\la 

Mulberry,  Ark 

Mulberry,  Ark 

Mulberry,  Ark 


Rank  of 
place. 


district 

precinct 

post-Till 

jxist-prect 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

city 

post-vill 

post-town 

IK)st-prect 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

city 

city 

township 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

p(  st-fown 

district 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-vill 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

|io8t-town 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

post-twj) 

post-prect 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

precini t 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

town»hip 

township 

township 

post-vill 

liost-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 


County. 


Alleghany 

Douglas 

Augusta 

Ouray 

Brown 

Brown 

Montgomery... 
Montgomery... 

Madison 

Henry 

Multnomah 

Rutland 

Person 

Rowan 

Huntingdon.... 

Winnebago 

Mobile 

Benton 

Faulkner 

San  Bernardino 
Montgomery.... 

Jeffereon 

Jefferson 

Posey 

Black  Hawk.... 

Cerro  Gordo 

Linn 

Christian 

Rock  Castle 

Kennebec 

Somerset 

Winona 

Lawrence 

Lawrence 

Hillsborough... 

Westchester 

Knox 

Davison 

Davison 

Franklin 

Fairfax 

Skagit 

Hardin 

Troup 

Morris 

Bullitt  

Bullitt 


Berkshire.. 
Lowndes  ... 
Lowndes... 
Baltimore.. 
Spalding.... 

Macon 

Grant.. 

Clarendon.. 
Floyd 


Pike 

Floyd 

Lewis  &  Clarke 

Woodbury 

Woodbury 

Shelby 

Shelby 

Lewis 

Crook 

Swift 

Currituck 

Pierce 

Chei-okee 

Clinch 

Haberi-ham 

Wheeler 

Montrose 

Dundy. 

Frontier 

Richardson 

Baker 

Faulkner 

Butler 

Howard 

Pike 

Bell. 

El  Dorado 

Berks 

Pickaway 

Ionia 

Snohomish 

Waupaca 

Waukesha 

Waukesha 

Autauga 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Johnson 


Population. 


1,934 
375 
244 


2,780 

1,445 

3,3:37 

2,087 

482 

200 

421 

495 

1,-377 

1,803 

764 

795 

1,314 

739 

578 


69 

3,625 

2,324 

3,730 

916 

266 

977 

1,673 


1,170 

1,156 

703 

2,999 

527 

617 

4,.'J86 

6,249 


311 
2,555 


574 
1,476 
1,270 
1,459 

387 

205 
1,516 


599 
763 
1,202 
799 
574 
960 

635 
824 


1,123 

673 

1,335 


258 
1,381 


756 
1,060 


728 


825 

790 

634 

394 

472 

1,561 

1,913 

l,l:i9 

714 


1,022 

1,084 

239 


558 

1G5 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kune  of  |ilac«  itDd 

Mtlt«. 


IIan><>n7,  Ind .■ 

MiilU-riy,  K«u. 

Miilbvrry,  N.O -.. 

Miillierry,  Tvnn 

Miillx-rry  Orove,  IU~,.. 

Miililouii,  IdiUtu 

Miilf..rd,  Ky 

Mullully,  Neb „.. 

Uullan,  Idaho 

Mnllt>n,  NVb 

MtilltMituwii,  Ky 

Mullioa,  N.J 

Mulligitn,  Bion 

Mulliii,  aa„ ^... 

lInlliiia,8.C 

MnlliiiTillo,  Kao 

Miilvane,  Kan 

Muiiitraliaiiiiit4>,  Alas... 
MnnitrekliiHgauiute, 

Alaxka... ^.. 

MuDcie,  Ind 

MuDcy,  Pa.- 

SliiDcy,  I'a. 

lluocy  Cre«k,  Pa 

MuiKline,  Ala 

Mundy,  Midi 

Miinfordvillo,  Ky.. 

MuniKiDg,  Mich 

Muiiro,  Mli'U..... 

Mniison,  III 

Miinsun,  Minn 

MDiison,  O 

Muiister,  Pa 

Murdock,  III... 

Hnrduck,  Kaii 

Mardock,  Miun 

MnrfrneslKjioiigli,  Ark. 
Mitrfreesboruugh,  N.C. 
Hiirfieesburuugli,  N.C. 
Mn  rfreesboroMgh.Tenn 

Murphy,  Cal 

Mur|)hv,  Ga. 

Murphy,  N.C 

Murphy,  N.C 

Murphy,  W.  Va 

Murphy  Creek,  Ore 

Murphy's,  CkI 

Murplijstiorough,  III... 
Murphyslxirough,  III... 

Murphysville,  Ky 

Murray,  Cal 

Murnty,  Idaho 

Murray,  Iowa 

MuiTay,  Kan 

Murray,  Ky 

Murray,  Ky 

Murray,  Ky ™... 

Murray,  Minn 

Murray,  N.Y 

Murrayville,  111 „„. 

Murrii'tta,  Cul 

Muscailine,  Ala. 

Mnscailine,  Ala 

Muscatine,  Iowa 

Muscatine,  Iu»'a....„... 

Musclo  Fork,  Mo 

Muscoda,  Wis 

Muscoda,  Wis 

Muscotah,  Kan 

Hu:<e,  Ky 

Muskego,  Wis 

Muskegon,  Mich 

Muskegon,  Mich 

Muiikiiiguni,  0 

Muskingum,  0._ 

MuKSel  Slough,  C^al 

Mus«ev,  Mich 

Mutual,  O 

Myatt,  Ark 

Myatt,  Mo „. 

Myer,  Mich 

Myers,  Ky 

Myers,  Md _^ 

Myers,  Mo 

Myerstiiwn,  Pa._ 

Mylander,  Neb 

Myler,  Ind „ 

Myrtle,  Mo 

Myrtle,  Neb 

Myrtle,  Neb 

Myrtle  Creek,  Ore 

Myrtle  Point,  Ore 

Myrtle  Point,  Ore 

Mjstic,  lona 

Naausay,  III 

tiachusa.  III 

166 


Bank  of 
plac*. 


po«t4own 

township 

puat-twp 

pott-vili 

|x)«t-twp 

putt-prect 

township 

township 

post-prect 

p<Mt-prect 

precinct 

township 

township 

mil.-diit 

post-town 

post-Till 

IMWt  vill 

village 

hamlet 

city 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

[XlSl  twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

|)08t-twp 

post  vill 

ixwt-lowii 

township 

post-vill 

city 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

j)ost-vill 

iniig.-dist 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

city 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

mag.-disn 

district 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

jKJst-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 


Cunnty. 


ntuton 

Clay 

Wilkes 

Lincoln.... 

Bond 

AltunM...., 

Union 

Harlan  .... 
Shoshone.. 

Hooker 

Wayne 

AtlAUtiC. 

Brown..... 
Cherokee.. 

Marion 

Kiowa  .„.. 
Sumner..., 


Delaware 

Lycoming„ 

Lycoming 

Lycoming 

Saint  Clair 

(jenesee 

Hart„ 

Alger 

Cheboygan 

Henry 

Stearns 

Qeanga 

Cambria. 

Douglas 

Butler 

Swift 

Pike „ 

Hertford 

Hertford 

Rutherford 

Calaveras 

Thomas 

Cherokee 

Cherokee 

Uitchle 

Josephine 

Calaveras 

Jackson 

.lackson 

Mason 

Alameda 

Shoshone 

Clarke 

Marshall 

Calloway 

Calloway 

Daviess 

Murray 

Orleans 

Morgan 

San  Diego 

Cleburne 

Cleburne 

Muscatine 

Muscatine 

Cliaritou 

Grant 

Gixnt. 

Atchison 

Fleming ... 

Waukesha. 

Muskegon 

Muskegon 

Muskingum 

Washington 

Tulare 

Saint  Clair 

Chamt)aign 

Fulton 

Howell 

Menominee 

Muhlenburg 

Carroll 

Grundy 

Let>anon 

Lincoln 

Saint  Joseph.... 

Knox ~... 

Custer „. 

Lincoln 

Douglas 

Coos 

Coos 

Appanoose 

Kendall 

Lee.. 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


229 

911 

1,4.'>7 

148 


»78 


1,00;! 
717 
343 
8U5 


216 


6,2in 

1,174 
1,709 


l,.'■>^6 

4,-.'26 
270 
140 

i.aio 

810 
774 
646 


40(J 


84 

2,l.'>2 

U4d 

3,800 


4.56 
2,2.(3 

17U 
2,483 


384 
4,1U7 
2,l!l6 
1,007 
4,3U1 

491 
1,178 
3,914 

636 
2,041 

288 
2,812 

385 

""t12 


8,20.5 

1,061 

1,2-26 

74(1 

412 

788 

1,422 

924 

11,2(52 

1,018 

1.350 

1,776 

1,746 

18!) 

646 

446 


1,46.'! 

1,9.59 

75( 

1,580 


668 

404 

62 


831 
1,148 


629 
1,227 
1,398 

20() 
2,01(8 

213 
S.56 
818 
296 
1,814 
697 
393 
876 
242 
79 
724 
162 

33 

11,.346 

701 

1,295 

1,740 

699 

1,390 

4,321 

288 

2.54 

844 

973 

713 

400 

i,o;« 

622 

130 

159 

2,417 

674 

3,739 

l,.5:f2 

8()2 

2,889 

803 

3,495 

279 

670 

5,8:J8 

3,880 

869 

6,937 

4.50 

666 

1,615 

4,694 

618 

2,067 

544 

2,41)6 

422 

464 

1,210 

100 

11,464 

11,4.54 

1,1.56 

1,1(>0 

606 

624 

1,126 

1,390 

1,498 

22,702 

817 

1,192 

6,.525 

1,683 

174 

660 

882 

1,262 

1,423 

2,164 

686 

t,880 

96 

174 

1,138 

741 

186 

662 

968 

3.54 

875 

736 

913 


Kame  of  place  and 
■tate. 


MaohuM,in 

Nacimiunto,  N.&I 

Nacogdoches,  Tex 

Nacoochee,  Ga 

Nadeiin,  Mitli 

Nag's  Head,  N.C 

Nahant,  Mass 

Nalima,  Mich 

NahiintH,  N.C 

Nameoki,  III 

Nanioy.iue,  Va 

Nampa,  Idaho 

Nampn,  Idaho 

Nauafalia,  Ala 

Naucc,  Ga 

Nance,  S.D 

Naujemoy,  Md 

Nankin,  Qa 

Nankin,  Mich 

Nantahala,  N.C 

Nantahala,  N.C 

Nantan,  Cal 

Nanticoke,  Del 

Nanlicoke,  N.Y 

Nanticoke,  Pa 

Nantucket,  Mass 

Naomi,  Col 

Napa,  Cal 

Napa,  Cal 

Napaimute,  Alaska 

Napavine,  Wash 

Najierville,  III 

Naperville,  III 

Napier,  Pa 

Naples,  Kla 

Naples,  III 

Naples.  Me 

Naples,  N.Y 

Naples,  N.Y 

Naples,  W'is ..„.. 

Napoleon,  Ky „.... 

NaiMileon,  Mich 

Napoleon,  Mich 

Na|)oleon,  Mo 

Napoleon,  0 

Nai>oleon,  O 

Napoleonville,  Ala 

Napoloonvillo,  La 

Napoli,  N.Y „.. 

Nappanee,  Ind 

Naraniore,  Ga 

NarcooBsee,  Kla 

Naron,  Kan 

Narrows,  Mo 

Nasewnupee,  Wis 

Nash,  N.D. 

Nashua,  III „ 

Nashua,  Iowa 

Nashua,  N.H 

Nashville,  Ala 

Nashville,  Ark 

Nashville,  Ark 

Nat^hville,  Ga 

Nashville,  Ga 

Nashville,  III 

NHshville,  111 

Nashville,  Ind 

Nashville,  Mich 

Nashville,  Minn 

Nashville,  Uo 

Nashville,  N.C 

Nashville,  N.C 

Nashville,  Tenu 

Nassau,  Iowa 

Nassau,  N.Y 

Nassau,  N.Y 

Natchez,  Miss 

Natchitoches,  La 

Natick,  Mass 

Natick,  Neb 

National,  Ark 

National  City,  Cal 

Natioinil  City,  Cal 

Natoma,  OI 

Natonia,  Kan 

Natural  Bridge,  Va 

Naturita,  Col 

Naubinway,  Mich 

NangHtuck,  Conn 

Nauvoo,  III 

Nauvoo,  III 

Navarino,  Wis. 

Navarre,  0 

Navarro,  Cal 

Navasota,  Tex 

Naylor,  Ga. 


Rank  of 
placs. 


po8t-vi11 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

|>o8t-twp 

lK>Bt-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

po8t-twp 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-Till 

l>ost-prect 

mil.-dist 

township 

district 

mil  -dist 

I>ost-twp 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

hundred 

township 

post-boro' 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

city 

hamlet 

post-prect 

township 

post-Till 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

piecinct 

IK)St-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

city 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post- vill 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

city 

township 

township 

poBt-vill 

city 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 

precinct 

I)08t-Vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

city 

mil.-dist 


County. 


Jitf 

Hernalillo 

Nacogdoches.... 

White 

Menominee 

Dar» 

Kssox 

Delta 

Wayno 

Madison 

Dinwiddle 

Ada 

Ada 

Marengo 

Muscogee... 

Beadle 

Charles 

Brooks 

Wayne 

Macon 

Swain 

San  Bernardino 

Sussex 

Broome 

Luzerne 

Nantucket.., 

Summit 

Napa 

Napa 


Lewis 

Du  Page 

Dn  i'Hge 

Bedford..  ... 

l^e 

Scott 

Cumberland.... 

Ontario 

Ontario 

Bi-.ffalo 

Giillatin 

Jackson 

Jackson 

I^afayette 

Henry 

Henry 

Mobile 

Assumption.... 

Cattaraugus 

KIkhart 

Hall 

Osceola...... 

Pratt 

Macon 

Door 

Nelson 

Ogle 

(,'hickasaw 

Hillsborough.  . 

Jackson 

Howard 

Howard 

Berrien 

Ilerrien 

Washington .... 
Wa8hington„... 

Brown , 

Barry 

.Martin. 

Barton 

Nash 

Nash 

Davidson 

Sioux 

Rensselaer 

Rensselaer 

.\dam8 

Natchitoches .. 

Middlesex 

Thomas 

Logan 

San  Diego.. — 

San  Diego 

Sacramento 

Osborne 

Rockbridge 

Montrose 

Mackinac 

New  Haven.... 

Hancock 

Hancock. 

Shawano. 

Stark 

Mendocino 

Grimes 

Lownde8.«...~. 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


IG6 


3;i;i 

1,142 


1,104 
8(18 
3S8 
2,769 
1,466 
3,926 


877 
3,684 


2,142 
1,4(X) 
3,2:tl 
855 
1,(K« 


2,24? 

999 

3,884 

3,727 


7,143 
3,731 


2,.5n 

2,073 
2,011 


44-2 
1,0(17 
2,6'i9 
1,36(J 

l,:«o 

1,118 

1,177 

379 


4,804 
3,0i2 
969 
49 
1,126 
647 
681 


166 
1,111 

762 


432 
1,116 
13.397 


1,243 

172 

1,216 


2,22i: 

348 

978 

466 

456 

1,548 

212 

43,350 

696 

2,629 

449 

7,(158 

2,786 

8,479 


248 

606 


4,001 


4,274 
1,402 


189 
867 


1,611 
1,688 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kfame  of  place  and 
state. 


Kazaretfa,  Pa 

Neal,  Kan 

Neathery,  Ky 

Neatsville,  Ky 

Jieave,  O 

Kebagamuin,  Wis 

Nebo,  111 

Nebo,  Ky , 

Nebo,  Ky , 

Nebraska,  111 

Nebraska,  Iowa 

Nebraska  City,  Neb.., 
Nebraska  City,  Neb... 

Necedah,  Wis 

Necedah,  Wis 

Neciie,  N.D 

Neche,  N.D 

Neck,  Md 

Nectar,  Ala - 

Nederlaiid,  Col 

Needliam,  Ind , 

Needliam,  Mass 

Needles,  Cal 

Needy,  Ac,  Ore , 

Neely,  Mo 

Neenah,  Wis 

Neenah,  Wis 

Negaunee,  Mich 

Negauiiee,  Mich 

Negreet,  La 

Negrita,  N.M 

Ni'gro  Hill,  Ark 

Nehalein,  Oie 

Nehalem,  Ore 

Neill  Creek,  N.C 

Neillsville,  Wis 

Nekirai.Wis 

Neligh,  Neb 

Neligh,  Neb 

Neligh,  Neb 

Nellistoii,  N.Y 

Nelson,  Ark 

Nelson,  Cal 

Nelson,  Ga 

Nelson,  III 

Nelson,  111 

Nelson,  Kan 

Nelson,  Midi 

Nelson,  Minn 

Nelson,  Mo 

Nelson,  Neb 

Nelson,  Neb 

Nelson,  N.n 

Nelson,  N.Y , 

Nelson,  C 

Nelson,  Pa 

Nelson,  Va 

Nelson,  Wis 

Nelson  Park,  Minn.. 

Nelsonville,  Ky 

Nelsonville,  O 

Nemaha,  Kan , 

Nemalia,  Neb , 

Nemaha,  Neb , 

Nemaha,  Neb , 

Nemaha,  Neb 

Nemaha,  Neb 

Neodeslia,  Kan 

Neodesha,  Kan 

Neoga,  III 

Ne(>ga,Ill 

Neola,  Iowa 

Neola,  Iowa 

Neosho,  Kan 

Neosho,  Kan 

Neosho,  Kan 

Neosho,  Kan 

Neosho,  Mo 

Neosho,  Mo 

Neosho  Falls,  Kan... 
Neosho  Falls,  Kan... 
Neosho  Kapids,  Kan 
Nepaskeagamute,  Alas. 

Nepeiiskun,  Wis 

Nephi,Ulah 

Nephi,  Utah 

Neponset,  III 

Neponset,  111 

Nepton,  Ky 

Neptune,  N.J 

Neabil,  Minn 

Nesbitt,  Miss 

Nesbitt,  Tex 

Nescatunga,  Kan.... 
Nescatunga,  Kan.... 
Nescopeck,  Pa 


Rank  of 
place. 


po8t-boro' 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

precinct 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

district 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-lwp 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-prect 

township 

township 

city 

township 

city 

post-ward 

precinct 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-prect 

townsliip 

city 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

city 

[Kjst-town 

post-vill 

JKJSt-tWp 

post- bo  ro' 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

townsliip 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-Till 

post-vill 

hamlet 

township 

precinct 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 


County. 


Northampton ... 

Greenwood 

Clinton 

Adair 

Darke 

Dougltis _. 

Pike  

Hopkins 

Hnpkins 

Livingston 

Page 

Otoe 

Otoe 

Juneau 

Juneau „. 

Pembina 

Pembina 

Dorchester 

Blount 

Boulder 

Johnson 

Norfolk 

San  Bernardino 

Clackamas 

Butler 

Winnebago 

Winneliago 

Marquette 

Marquette..„.... 

Sabine „. 

Socorro 

White 

Columbia 

Tillamook. 

Harnett 

Clark 

Winnebago 

Antelope 

Antelope 

Cuming 

Montgomery.... 

Clay 

Butte- 

Pickens 

Leo 

Lee 

Cloud 

Kent 

Watonwan 

Saline 

Nuckolls 

Nuckolls 

Cheshire 

Madison 

Portage.. 

Tioga 

York 

Buffalo 

Marshall 

Nelson 

Athens 

Nemaha ». 

Gage 

Johnson 

Lancaster 

Nemaha 

Richardson 

Wilson 

Wilson 

Cumberland .... 

Cumberland 

Pottawattamie 
Pottawattamie 

Cherokee 

Coifey 

Labette 

Morris 

Newton 

Newton 

Woodson 

Woodson.. 

Lyon 


Winnebago.. 

Juab 

Juab 

Bureau 

Bureau 

Fleming 

Monmouth... 

Polk 

De  Soto 

Robertson... 
Comanche.... 
Comanche..., 
Luzerne 


Population. 


1,138 

1,287 
1,082 


i;i6 
2,0»5 

174 
1,251 

670 
4,818 
4,183 
1,8.56 
1,476 


1,336 


6,252 


642 
688 

4,202 
336 

3,931 


iiy 

362 

108 

776 

1,050 

1,226 


326 


679 
82 
722 
2,698 
462 


898 

196 

438 

1,049 

890 

604 

1,820 

1,661 


3,095 
666 
413 

2,177 

1,024 
908 
666 

1,792 
924 

2,463 


668 

286 

1,246 

644 

728 

72 

3,337 

l,a'il 

1,193 

562 

80 


1,060 
1,797 
1,797 
1,467 
652 


4,187 


117 


1,206 


1,318 

144 

1,123 

1,427 

1,036 

564 

453 

2,4o2 

183 

1,481 

629 

11,941 

11,494 

2,242 

1,708 

761 

314 

1,267 

350 

111 

1,254 

3,0:15 

748 

1,683 

821 

538 

6,083 

333 

6,078 

1,366 

82 

116 

472 

136 

849 

1,936 

1,028 

1,.585 

1,209 

697 

721 

38S 

232 

266 

464 

48 

774 

2,147 

733 

383 

1,506 

913 

332 

1,3.50 

798 

640 

1,550 

1,919 

242 

600 

4,658 

669 

615 

2,297 

1,.362 

968 

699 

2,366 

1,528 

2,710 

829 

1,667 

917 

1,159 

758 

621 

698 

4,28:} 

2,198 

1,408 

606 

308 

97 

908 

2,114 

2,0:t4 

1,209 

642 

212 

8,:<83 

248 

152 

218 

153 

46 

1,456 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Nescopeck,  Pa......„.... 

Neshannock,  Pa 

Neslikoro,  Wis 

Nesquehoning,  Pa 

Nessel,  Minn 

Nester,  Mich 

Nestucca,  Ore 

Netarts,  Ore 

Netawaka,  Kan 

Netawaka,  Kan 

Nether  Providence,  Pa. 

Nettle  Creek,  111 

Nettle  Creek,  Ind 

Nettle  Creek,  N.D 

Neuchatel,  Kan 

Neuse,  N.C 

Neuse,  N.C 

Neva,  Wis 

Nevada,  Cal 

Nevada,  III „.. 

Nevada,  Iowa 

Nevada,  Iowa 

Nevada,  Iowa 

Nevada,  Kan „.... 

Nevada,  Ky _. 

Nevada,  Minn 

Nevada,  Mo 

Nevada,  0 

Nevada,  Tex 

Nevada  City,  Cal 

Nevadaville,  C"L 

Neversink,  N.Y 

Neville,© 

Neville,  Pa 

Nevins,  III 

Nevins,  Ind 

New  Abiugton,  Pa 

New  Albany,  Ind 

New  Albany,  Ind 

New  Albany,  Iowa 

New  Albany,  Miss 

New  Albany,  (> 

New  Albany,  Pa. 

New  Albin,  Iowa 

New  Albion,  N.Y 

New  Alexandria,  0 

New  Alexandria,  Pa.... 
New  Amsterdam,  Ind.. 

Newark,  Del 

Newark,  111 

Newark,  Iowa 

Newark,  Kan 

Newark,  Md 

Newark,  Mich 

Newark,  Mo..... 

Newark,  Neb 

Newark,  N.J 

Newark,  N.Y 

Newark,  0 

Newark,  0 „ 

Newark,  S.D „ 

Newark,  Vt 

Newark,  W.  Va. 

Newark,  Wis.. 

Newark  Valley,  N.Y.... 
Newark  Valley,  N.Y.... 

New  .\8hrord,  Mass 

New  Athens,  III 

New  Athens,  III 

New  Athens,  0 

New  Auburn,  Minn 

New  Augustine,  Fla 

Newaygo,  Mich 

New  Baltimore,  Mich.. 
New  Baltimore,  N.Y... . 
New  Baltimore,  N.Y.... 

New  Baltimore,  Pa 

New  Barbadoes,  N.J 

New  Bedford,  Mass 

Newberg,  Ore 

New  Berlin,  Fla 

New  Berlin,  111 

New  Berlin,  111 

New  Berlin,  N.Y 

New  Berlin,  N.Y 

New  Berlin,  O. 

New  Berlin,  Pa 

New  Berlin,  Wis 

Newbem,  Ala 

Newbem,  Kan 

Newbern,  N.C 

Newbem,  Tenn 

Newbern,  Va 

Newljerry,  Ala 

Newberry,  Cal 

Newberry,  Kan 


Rank  of 
place. 


port-vill 

township 

post-twp 

|)08t-vill 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

|H)St-tWp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

|K>st-town 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

I>ost-boro' 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-lx)ro' 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

district 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

city 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-bo  ro 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-lKjro' 

post-twp 

post  prect 

township 

city 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

township 


County. 


Lnzerne....„ 

Lawrence 

Marquette 

Carbon 

Chisago 

Roscommon 

Tillamook 

Tillamook 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Delaware 

Grundy 

Randolph 

McLean 

Nemaha 

Lenoir 

Wake 

I^tnglade 

Nevada 

Livingston 

Palo  Alto 

Story 

Story 

Ness 

Mercer 

Mower 

Vernon 

Wyandot 

Collin 

Nevada 

Gilpin 

Sullivan 

Clermont 

Alleghany 

Edgar 

Vigo 

Lackawanna.... 

Floyd 

Floyd 

Story 

Union 

Franklin 

Bradford 

Allamakee 

Cattaraugus 

Jefierson 

Westmoreland.. 

Harrison 

New  Castle 

Kendall 

Webster 

Wilson 

Worcester 

Gratiot 

Knox 

Kearney 

Essex 

Wayne 

Licking 

Licking 

Marshall 

Caledonia 

Wirt 

Bock 

Tioga. 

Tioga 

Berkshire 

Saint  Clair 

Saint  Clair 

Harrison 

Sibley 

Saint  John's 

Newaj'go 

Macon 

Greene 

Greene 

Somerset 

Bergen 

Bristol 

Yam  Hill 

Duval 

Sangamon 

Sangamon 

Chenango 

Chenango 

Stark 

Union 

Waukesha 

Hale 

Dickinson 

Craven 

Dyer 

Pulaski 

Covington 

San  Bernardino 
Wabaunsee. 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


360 
1,364 
689 
957 
867 
234 
77 


1,726 

902 

1,468 


1,409 


5,506 

1,127 

170 

2,357 

1,541 

184 

131 

877 

1,913 

1,036 


4,022 

1,084 

2,152 

445 

306 

31 

1,579 

1,071 

18,982 

16,423 

1,042 

260 

213 

222 

423 

1,732 

175 

335 

180 

1,148 

-142 

25:i 

824 

1,262 

1,645 

304 

384 

130,508 

2,450 

10,613 

9,600 


679 

681 

1,130 

2,677 


203 


603 
378 
670 


1,097 
1,024 
2,620 


150 
4,248 
26,845 


962 
40:i 

2,572 
937 
297 
605 

1,020 

2,594 
640 

6,443 
506 

2,463 


916 

167 


608 
1,171 

661 

1,6,55 

1,0<» 
169 
224 
1.53 
846 
241 

1,817 
824 

1,641 
58 
631 
822 

1,372 
602 

4,013 
833 
276 

2,237 

1,662 
600 
101 
867 

7,262 
802 
247 

2,624 
933 

2,013 

340 

353 

24 

3,050 

1,090 
24,166 
21,059 
965 
64S 
223 
287 
411 

1,858 
122 
338 
172 

1,191 
390 
682 
786 

1,093 

1,338 

303 

261 

181,830 

2,824 

1.5,28fi 

14,270 

272 

636 

640 

1,0:^9 

2,339 
875 
126 

1,400 
624 
420 
980 
553 

l,3:iO 
806 

2,455 
734 
185 

6,004 

40,733 

5(4 

550 

1,081 
494 

2,427 
979 
463 
617 

1,519 

2,509 
728 

7,843 

1,2:<6 

2,932 
366 
87 

1,29« 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  or  pl*c«  and 
•Ute. 


Newberrjr,  Mich 

Mewb«rry,  0 

Newtmrry,  P». 

Newlwrry,  SC 

Newljcrry  O.-II.,  S.C... 

New  U^thel,  N.C 

Mt>w  Ik-lhlohfin,  I'a 

K«w  Biriuiu|;liHiu,Tex. 

Mewboro,  Ga. 

M«w  B<«ton,  III 

M«w  Boetoii,  III 

New  Boston,  Mich 

Mew  Bostou,  N.U 

Kew  Boston,  I'a. 

New  Boston,  Tex 

New  Braintree,  Mhss... 

New  BrHunfuls,  Tex 

New  BrenuMi,  N.Y 

New  Bremen,  O 

Now  Briglilun,  III 

New  Briglituii,  Minn... 

New  Brighton,  Pii 

New  Britain,  (Joun 

New  Britain,  Pa, 

New  Brunswick,  M.J.... 

New  Buda,  Iowa 

NeW.BufTalo,  Mich 

New  Buifalo,  Mich 

New  Buffalo,  Pa 

Newburg,  Ala 

Newburg,  Ark 

Newbiirg,  III 

Newburg,  Iiid 

Newburg,  luwa 

Newburg,  Me 

Newburg,  Midi 

Newburg,  Minn 

Newburg,  Mo 

Newburg,  N.Y 

Newburg,  N.Y 

Newburg,  N.D 

Newburg,  O 

Newburg,  Pa 

Newburg,  Pa 

Newburg,  W.  Va 

New  Burn?ide,  III 

Newbury,  Iiid 

Newbury,  Mass 

Newbury,  N.ll 

Newbury,  0 

Newbury,  Vt 

Newburyport,  Mass 

New  Cambria,  Mo 

New  Canaan,  Cunn 

New  Canada,  Minn 

New  Canton,  III 

New  Carlisle,  0 

New  Currullton,  La 

Newcastle,  Cal 

New  Castle,  Col 

New  Casile,  Col 

New  Castle,  Del 

New  Castle,  Del 

New  Ca.stle,  Ind 

New  Castle,  Ind 

New  Castle,  Ind 

New  Castle,  Ky 

New  Castle,  Ky 

New  Castle,  Ma 

New  Castle,  Neb 

Newcastle,  N.H  

New  Castle,  N.Y 

New  Castle,  N.C 

New  Castle,  0 

New  Castle,  Pa 

New  Castle,  Pa 

New  Castle,  Va 

Newcastle,  Va 

New  Castle,  Wy 

New  Centreville,  Pa 

New  Ch>-8ter,  Wis 

New  Columbus,  Ky 

New  Columbus,  Ky 

New  Columbus,  Pa 

Newcomb,  III 

Newcomb,  Ky 

Newcomb,  N.T 

Newcomb,  Tenn 

Newcombe,  Ky 

New  Oomerston,  0 

New  Concord,  Ky 

New  Concord,  0 

New  Creek,  W.  Va 

New  Cumberland,  Pa... 
New  Cnmberlnnd,\V.Va 
New  Decatur,  Ala.... 

168 


Rank  of 
place. 


poat-vill 

township 

township 

township 

|Mist-vlll 

township 

|K>st-l>oro' 

post-town 

[Kfst-town 

township 

city 

post-Till 

post-town 

post-vlll 

post-town 

post-town 

city 

post-town 

post-vlll 

village 

pust-vill 

post-bo  ro' 

post-town 

post-twp 

city 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post  town 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

city 

township 

township 

borough 

post-boro' 

post-town 

()08t-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

city 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-vill 

villiige 

post- town 

precinct 

post-vill 

hundred 

city 

township 

post-town 

township 

mag.-dist 

l>o8t-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

|X)st-twp 

|H>st-twp 

city 

township 

mag.-dist 

(>ost-vill 

|)08t-twp 

borough 

post-twp 

niHg.-dlst 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

post-vill 

fKJst-prect 

poat-vill 

mag.-dist 

f)08t-Vill 

mag.-dist 
post-boro' 
post-town 
poot-towu 


County. 


Lnc« 

Mianil 

York 

Newberry 

Newberry 

Itockinghaju 

Clarion , 

Cherokee 

Newton 

Mercer 

Mercer 

Wayne 

Hillsborough.... 

Schuylkill 

Bowie 

Worcester 

Comal 

Lewis 

Auglaize 

Saint  Clair 

Kamsey 

Beaver , 

Hartford 

Bucks 

Middlesex 

Decatur 

Berrien , 

Berrien , 

Perry 

Franklin 

Izard 

Pike 

Warrick 

Mitchell 

Penobscot 

CtWH 

Fillmore 

Phelps 

Orange 

Orauge 

Steele 

Cuyahoga 

Clearfield 

Cumberland.... 

Preston 

Johnson 

La  Grange 

Kssex 

Merrimack 

Geauga. 

Orange 

Essex , 

Macon 

Fairfield 

Ram-iey 

Pike 

Clark 

Jefferson 

Placer 

Garfield 

Garfield 

New  Castle 

New  Castle 

Fulton 

Henry 

Saint' Joseph... 

Henry 

Henry 

Lincoln 

Dixon 

Rockingham  .. 
Westchester.. .. 

Wilkes 

Coshocton 

Lawrence 

Schuylkill 

Oraig 

Craig 

Weston 

Somerset 

Adams 

Owen 

Owen 

Luzerne 

Champaign 

Laurel 

Essex 

Campbell 

Elliott 

Tuscarawa'< 

Calloway 

Muskingum.... 

MinerHl 

Ciimberlaud.... 

Hancock 

Morgan 


Pupulatlun. 


1880.      1800. 


4,615 
2,224 
4.482 
2,342 
1,79.'-. 
773 


1,526 
6;« 
284 

1,144 
138 


61(1 
1,«38 
2,414 
1,16U 


3, 653 

13,979 

1,844 

17,160 

664 

1,191 

523 

222 


918 
1,243 
1,282 

880 
1,057 
l,.'i49 
1,U9J 


3,918 
18,049 


1,613 
184 
433 
802 
660 

1,392 

1,566 
590 
889 

2,310 

13,538 

275 

2,673 
994 
424 
818 


162 


5,26H 
3,700 
1,421 
2,299 

530 
3,478 

500 
1,534 


610 
2,297 
1,0:»9 

885 
8,418 
1,512 
1,.536 

182 


140 
304 
960 
84 
267 
992 
45(1 
237 


549 

926 

2,161 

614 

2,786 

669 

1,218 


1,118 

4,915 

2,238 

4,865 

3,020 

2,061 

1,1(26 

668 

230 

1,285 

445 

218 

1,067 

635 

382 

673 

1,608 

1,974 

1,239 

868 

366 

6,616 

19,007 

1,704 

18,603 

580 

1,192 

653 

220 

1,227 

1,054 

1,060 

1,046 

767 

867 

1,426 

882 

568 

4,543 

23,087 

541 

2,761 

354 

376 

778 

596 

1,608 

1,427 

487 

824 

2,080 

13,947 

410 

2,701 

1,276 

424 

958 

201 

335 

660 

311 

5,980 

4,010 

1,346 

2,697 

607 

3,355 

485 

1,282 

306 

488 

2,110 

1,125 

892 

11,600 

1,317 

1,601 

214 

1,715 

104 

344 

1,046 

146 

214 

959 

863 

283 

264 

853 

1,261 

2,331 

719 

3,337 

754 

2,305 

3,5G5 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


New  Denmark,  Wis 

New  Design,  III 

New  Diggings,  Wis 

New  Douglas,  III 

New  Douglas,  111 

New  Durham,  Ind 

New  Durham,  N.H 

New    Dyer     Church, 

Tenn 

Newell,  111 

Newell,  Iowa 

New  England  City,  Ga. 

New  Era,  Neb 

New  Era,  Ore 

New  Fairfield,  Conn.... 

Newfane,  N.Y 

Newfaiie,  Vt 

Newfleld,  Me 

Newfield,  Mich 

Newfleld,  N.Y 

New  Florence,  Mo 

New  Florence,  Pa 

New  Folden,  Minn 

Newfoundland,  Ky 

Newfoundland,  Ky 

New  Franklin,  0 

New  Freedom,  Pa 

New  Galilee,  Pa 

New  Garden,  Ind 

New  Garden,  Pa 

New  Garden,  Va 

New  Glarus,  Wis 

New  Glarus,  Wis 

New  Gloucester,  Me.... 

New  Gottland,  Kan 

New  Hampton,  Iowa... 
Now  Hampton,  Iowa... 

New  Hampton,  Mo 

New  Hampton,  N.H 

New  Hanover,  111 

New  Hanover,  N.J 

New  Hanover,  Pa 

New  Harmony,  Ala.... 

New  Harmony,  Ind 

New  Harmony,  Utah... 
New  Hartford,  Conn.... 
New  Hartford,  Minn.... 

New  Hartford,  N.Y 

New  Hartford,  N.Y 

New  Haven,  Conn 

New  Haven,  Conn 

New  Haven,  III 

New  Haven,  III 

New  Haven,  Ind 

New  Haven,  Ky 

New  Haven,  Ky 

New  Haven,  Mich 

New  Haven,  Mich 

New  Haven,  Mich 

New  Haven,  Minn 

New  Haven,  Minn 

New  Haven,  Mo 

New  Haven,  Mo 

New  Haven,  N.Y 

New  Haven,  0 

New  Haven,  Pa 

New  Haven,  Vt 

Now  Haven,  W.  Va 

New  Haven,  Wis 

New  Haven,  Wis 

New  Holland,© 

New  Holland,  0 

New  Holland,  Pa 

New  Holstein,  Wis 

New  Holstein,  Wis 

New  Home,  Mo 

New  Hope,  Ala 

New  Hope,  Ark 

New  Ho|)e,  Ark 

New  Hope,  Fla 

New  Hope,  Fla 

New  Hope,  Iowa 

New  Hope,  Ky 

New  Hope,  Ky 

New  Hope,  N.C 

New  Hope,  N.C 

New  Hope,  N.C 

New  Hope,  N.C 

New  Hope,  N.C 

Ifew  Hope,  Pa 

New  Hope,  S.C 

New  Hope,  S.D 

New  Hope,  Tex 

New  Hope,  Wis 

New  Hudson,  N.Y 

New  Iberia,  La 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 
post-prect 
post-twp 
township 

|>08t-Vill 

township 
post-town 

clvil.diHt 
post-twp 

lX>8t-twp 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-town 

jiost-town 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vlll 

post-boro' 

post-boro' 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

|K>st-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

post-town 

|iost-viU 

township 

township 

village 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post  twp 

township 

township 

township 

po8t-l)oro' 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 


County. 


Brown 

Monroe  ... 
I.Bfuyette.. 
Madison... 
Madison... 
La  Porte... 
Sti  afi'ord .. 


Crockett 

VoiTiiilion 

Iluena  Vista.... 

Diide 

Furnas 

Clackamas 

Fairfield 

Niagara 

Windham 

York 

Oceana 

Tompkins 

Montgomery... 
Westmoreland. 

Marshall 

Elliott 

Elliott 

Stark 

Yoik 

Beaver 

Wayne 

(;hc8ter 

Ktissell 

Green 

Green 

Cumberland 

McPliereon 

Chickasaw 

(.'hlckasaw 

Harrison 

Belknap 

Monroe 

Burlington 

Montgomery... 

Chambers 

Posfy 

Washington.... 

Litchfield 

Winona 

Oneida 

Oneida 

New  Haven 

New  Haven.... 

Gallatin 

Gallaiin 

Allen 

Nelson 

Nelson 

Gratiot 

Macomb 

Shiawassee 

OlniBted 

Itedwood 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Oswego 

Huron 

Fayette , 

Addison 

Mason 

Adams 

Dunn 

Fayette 

Pickaway 

Lancaster 

Calumet 

Calumet 

Bates 

Elmore 

Izard 

Newton 

atrus 

Hillsborough.., 

Union 

Nelson 

Nelson 

Chatham 

Iredell 

Perquimans...., 

Randolph , 

Wayne 

Bucks , 

Orangeburg.... 

Brown 

Jack 

Portage 

Alleghany 

Iberia 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,386 

1,M3 

1,641 

967 

400 

2,011 

772 

1,149 

1,977 

760 


320 


791 

3,462 

1,031 

995 

495 

2,608 

373 

631 


1,079 


170 
324 
259 
1,443 
1,942 
3,407 
1,060 


1,382 
634 

1,861 
1,105 


1,059 

568 

2,373 

1,905 

1,642 

l,09.'i 

15(1 

3,302 

1,004 

4,394 

710 

62,882 

62,882 

1,326 


858 

2,632 

437 

1,182 

600 

1,6'!8 

1,011 

140 

471 

471 

1,713 

1,807 

442 

1,365 

638 

836 

269 

478 

478 

1,005 

2,059 


1,473 
272 
874 


628 


204 
2,265 

934 
2,221 
1,068 
2,082 
1,1.'>2 
1,267 


1,272 

801 

l,o:{4 
2,700 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890   COMPARED. 


Nume  of  place  and 
state. 


Newington,  Conn 

Kewiiigtoii,  N.Ii 

New  Interest,  W.  Va... 

New  Ipswich,  N.H 

New  .lasper,  0 

Newland,  N.C 

New  Lebanon,  N.Y 

New  Lebanon,  0 

New  Lebanon,  Pa 

New  Lenox,  III 

New  Lewisville,  Ark... 
New  Lexington,  Ala... 

New  Lexington,  0 

New  Lexington,  O 

New  Liberty,  Ky 

New  Light,  N.C 

New  Limerick,  Me 

Newlin,  N.C 

Newlin,  Pa 

New  Lisbon,  Ind 

New  Lisbon,  Mo.......^. 

New  Lisbon,  N.Y 

New  Lisbon,  0 

New  Lisbon,  Wis 

New  London.  Conn 

New  London,  Iowa 

Now  London,  Iowa 

New  London,  Minn 

New  London,  Minn 

New  London,  Mo 

New  London,  N.H 

New  London,  0 

New  London,  0 

New  Londun,  Pa 

New  London,  Wis 

New  Lyme,  0 

New  Lyme,  Wis 

New  Madison,  0 

New  Madrid,  Mo 

New  Madrid,  Mo 

Newman,  Cal 

Newman,  III 

Newman,  III 

Newman,  Neb 

Newman,  Neb 

Newman  Grove,  Neb.... 

Newmanstown,  Pa 

New  Market,  Ala 

New  Market,  Iowa 

New  Market,  Ky... 

New  Market,  Md 

New  Market,  Md 

New  Market,  Minn 

New  Market,  N.II 

New  Market,  N.C 

Now  Market,  O 

New  Market,  Va 

New  Marlborough, 

Mass 

New  Martinsville,W.Va 

New  Matami,>ra3,  0 

New  Maysville,  Ind 

New  Mexico,  Ga 

New  Middletown,  Ind.. 

New  Milford,  Conn 

New  Milford,  III 

Now  Milford,  Pa 

New  Milford,  Pa 

New  Milton,  W.  Va 

New  Minden,  III 

New  Munster,  Wis 

Newnan,  Ga 

New  Oregon,  Iowa 

New  Orleans,  La 

New  Oxfori,  Pa 

New  Palestine,  Ind 

New  Paltz,  N.Y 

New  Paltz,  N.Y 

New  Paris,  0 

New  Paris,  Pa 

New  Petersburg,  0 

New  Philadelphia,  111.. 
New  Philadelphia,  0.... 
New  Philadelphia,  Pa.. 
New  Pine  Creek,  Ore... 

Newport,  .\rk 

Newport,  Del 

Newpoit,  III 

Newport,  Ind 

Newport,  Iowa 

Newport,  Ky 

Newport,  Me 

Newport,  Minn 

Newport,  Minn 

Newport,  Miss 

Newport,  Miss 

12 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-town 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

village 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

cify 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

IKist-twp 

city 

post-twp 

townshii) 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

miig.-dist 

district 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

l)06t-boro' 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

pust-vill 

city 

township 

city 

post-lKiro' 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-bo  ro' 

post-vill 

post-vill 

city 

borough 

post-prect 

()ost-town 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

beat 

post-vill 


County. 


Hartford , 

liockingham 
liandolph...., 
liillsbo  rough.... 

Greene 

Pasquotank 

("olumbia 

Montgomery.... 

Mercer 

Will 

Lafayette 

Tuscaloosa 

Highland. 

Perry 

Owen 

Wake 

Aroostook 

Alamance 

Chester 

Henry 

Stoddard 

Otsego 

Columbiana 

Juneau 

New  London.... 

Henry 

Henry 

Kandiyohi 

Kandiyohi 

Ralls 

Merrimack 

Huron 

Huron 

Chester 

Waupaca 

Ashtabula 

Monroe 

Darke 

New  Madrid.... 
New  Madrid.... 

Stanislaus 

Douglas 

Douglas 

Nance 

Saunders 

Madison 

Lebanon 

Madison 

Taylor 

Marion 

Frederick 

Frederick 

Scott 

Rockingham.... 

Randolph 

Highland 

Shenandoah 


Berkshire 

Wetzel 

Washington 

Putnam 

Carroll 

Harrison 

Litchtleld 

Winnebago 

Susquehanna..., 
Susquehanna.... 

Doddridge 

Washington 

Kenosha 

Coweta 

Howard 

Orleans 

Adams 

Hancock 

Ulster 

Ulster 

Preble 

Bedford 

Highland 

McDonough 

Tuscarawas 

Schuylkill 

Lake 

Jackson 

New  Castle 

Lake 

Vermilion 

Johnson 

Campbell 

Penobscot 

Washington 

Washington 

Attala 

Attala.  .„ 


Population. 


934 

433 

7tW 

1,222 

1,013 

1,518 

2,245 

76 

279 

1,244 


676 

139 

1,357 

1,947 

1,295 

590 

1,167 

77!) 

187 

1,850 

1,569 

2,028 

1,024 

10,637 

1,735 

658 

302 

55 

502 

875 

l,7r4 

1,011 

891 

1,808 

893 

140 

644 

3,702 

712 


2,140 
906 


1,775 

3,097 

402 

9.55 

2,368 

1,222 

1,080 

662 

1,876 
778 
631 
114 
660 
171 

3,907 
920 

1,465 
8(S 

2,9:i4 
145 
87 

2,006 

1,199 

216,090 

501 

391 

1,958 
493 
836 
176 
227 
167 

3,070 
360 


683 
536 

1,231 

691 

836 

20,433 

1,461 
342 


6,724 


953 

401 

1,122 

969 

918 

1,467 

1,765 

149 

263 

1,164 

500 

768 

210 

1,470 

1,469 

1,979 

667 

1,123 

680 

183 

2,054 

1,323 

2,278 

990 

13,767 

1,406 

680 

308 

211 

683 

799 

1,731 

1,096 

789 

2,0.50 

9.>2 

612 

478 

4,669 

1,193 

621 

2,026 

990 

365 

668 

3:  JO 

612 

1,887 

320 

1,807 

2,854 

423 

1,009 

2,742 

1,347 

1,029 

697 

1,305 
692 
690 
102 
5a3 
212 

3,917 
865 

1,244 
7r.3 

1,692 

217 

96 

2,859 

1,195 

242,039 

586 

404 

2,242 

935 

842 

190 

232 

181 

4,456 

662 

69 

1,671 

711 

1,104 

551 

638 

24,918 

1,188 

1,691 

1.091 

5,172 

6i 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Newport,  Mo 

Newport,  Neb 

Newport,  N.H 

Newport,  N.Y 

Newport,  N.Y 

Newport,  N.C 

Newport,  N.C 

Newport,  0 

Newport,  Ore 

Newport,  Ore 

Newport,  Ore 

Newport,  Ore 

Newport,  Pa 

Newport,  Pa 

Newport,  R.I 

Newport,  c&c,  S.D 

Newport,  Tenn 

Newport,  Tex 

Newport,  Vt 

Newport,  Vt 

Newport,  Va 

Newport,  Va 

Newport,  Va 

Newport,  Wis 

New  Portland,  Me.... 
Newport  News,  Va... 
New  Prague,  Minn... 
New  Prague,  Minn... 
New  Prairie,  Minn... 
New  Prospect,  Ala.... 
New  Prospect,  Ala.... 
New  Pri)spoct,  Fla.... 
New  Providence,  Ala... 
New  Providence,  N.J.. 
New  Redding,  Iowa... 
New  Richland,  3Iinn.., 
New  Richland,  ]Minn.. 

New  Richmond,  0.  

New  Richmond,  Wis... 

New  Riegel,  O 

New  Ringgold,  Pa , 

New  River,  Ala 

New  River,  Cal 

New  River,  Tenn 

New  River  Depot,  Va... 

New  Rochelle,  N.Y 

New  Rochelle,  N.Y 

New  Roe,  &c.,  Ky 

New  Ross,  Ind 

Newry,  Me... 

Newry,  Minn 

Newry,  Pa 

New  Salem,  111 

New  Salem,  III 

New  Salem,  III 

New  Salem,  Mass 

New  Salem,  N.C 

New  Salem,  N.D 

New  Salem,  0 

New  Salem,  Pa 

New  San  Marcial,  N.M. 

New  Scotland,  N.Y 

New  Sewickley,  Pa 

New  Sharon,  Iowa 

New  Sharon,  Me 

New  Shoreham,  R.I 

New  Site,  Ala 

New  Site,  Ala 

New  Smyrna,  Fla 

New  Socorro,  N.M 

New  Solum,  Minn 

Newsom's,  Va 

Newstead,  N.Y 

New  Straitsville,  0 

New  Sweden,  Minn 

New  Tennessee,  Ark.... 

Newton,  Ala 

Newton,  Ala 

Newton,  Ark 

Newton,  Fla 

Newton,  III 

Newton,  111 

Newton,  Ind 

Newton,  Iowa 

Newton,  Iowa 

Newton,  Iowa 

Newton,  Iowa 

Nowton,  Iowa 

Newton,  Kan 

Newton,  Kan 

Newton,  Mass 

Newton,  Mich 

Newton,  Mich 

Newton,  Minn 

Newton,  Mo 

Newton,  Mo 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-twp 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-Till 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

village 

township 

post-boro' 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

village 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

city 

post-vill 

lX)Bt-boro' 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

borough 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post  town 

precinct 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

city 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Barton , 

Rock... 

Sullivan , 

Herkimer..., 
Herkimer..., 

Carteret , 

Carteret 

Washington 

Benton 

Benton 

Coos , 

Coos 

Luzerne 

Perry 

Newport 

Marshall 

Cocke 

Clay 

Orleans 

Orleans 

Giles 

Isle  of  Wight... 

Warwick 

Columbia 

Somerset 

Warwick 

Le  Sueur 

Scott 

Pope 

Clarke 

Hale 

Lee 

Crenshaw 

Union 

Ringgold 

Waseca 

Waseca 

Clermont 

Saint  Croix 

Seneca 

Schuylkill 

Marion 

Trinity 

Scott 

Pulaski 

Westchester.... 
Westchester.... 

Allen 

Montgomery .. 

Oxford 

Freeborn 

Blair 

McDonough..... 

Pike 

Pike 

Franklin 

Union 

Morton 

Fairfield 

York 

Socorro 

Albany 

Beaver 

Mahaska 

Franklin.. ...... 

Newport 

Tallapoosa 

Tallapoosa 

Volusia 

Socorro 

Marshall..^ 

Southampton... 

Erie 

Perry 

Nicollet. 

Perry 

Dale 

Dale 

Faulkner......... 

Holmes 

Jasper 

Whiteside 

Jasper 

Buchanan 

CarrroU 

Jasper 

Jasper 

Winnebago 

Harvey 

Harvey 

Middlesex 

Calhoun 

Mackinac 

Otter  Tail 

Shannon 

Taney 


Population. 


1880.     1890. 


518 


2,612 
1,953 

713 
1,027 

165 
2,548 


52 


11(1 
1,.531 
1,399 
15,693 


347 
1,657 
2,426 

920 
1,531 
3,802 

948 
1,520 
1,271 


384 
384 
217 
422 
1,147 


786 
781 
85 
740 
304 
2,54.i 
729 
307 
100 


217 

120 

192 

5,270 


2,075 
317 
337 
737 
326 

1,211 

1,704 
176 
809 

2,511 


3,251 
1,878 

805 

1,306 

1,203 

1,059 

72 

119 


2,894 
3,570 
2,782 
775 
354 
863 
469 
740 


1,168 
891 
576 
876 
688 
3,228 
2,607 


728 
2,601 
16,995 
983 
286 
360 
261 
675 

169 


800 

669 

2,623 

1,83.5 

659 

1,182 

218 

2,405 

593 

121 

391 

312 

6,411 

1,417 

19,467 

615 

658 

902 

3.017 

1,730 

1,424 

3,792 

5,389 

1,448 

1,034 

4,449 

955 

9.i5 

643 

387 

1,028 

143 

922 

839 

214 

764 

423 

2,379 

1,408 

393 

240 

t9l 

7200 

170 

685 

9.057 

8,217 

2,640 

270 

343 

648 

3:!5 

1,1.55 

1,595 

307 

856 

2,547 

715 

189 

231 

500 

3,207 

1,922 

1,028 

1,064 

1,320 

1,123 

109 

287 

296 

546 

2,993 

3,721 

2,782 

72+ 

226 

2,144 

520 

819 

722 

1,428 

794 

585 

705 

970 

3,475 

2,604 

KiS 

737 

5,6(S 

24,379 

847 

762 

353 

412 

107 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Mune  of  place  and 
■teU. 


Newton,  Neb. 

Mewtuu,  Neb.« 

Mewton,  N.H„ 

Kewton,  N.J 

Kewtoii,  N.C 

Newton,  N.C.~ 

Newton,  0 

New  toll,  0 

Newtou,  0 

Newton,  0 ~ 

Newton,  O 

Newton,  Pa. 

Newton,  Pa 

Newton,  Pa. 

Newton,  Utah 

Newton,  Wig 

Newton,  Wis 

Newton  FalU,  O 

Newton  Grove,  N.C 

Newton  Grove,  N.C 

Newton  Hamilton,  Pa.. 

Newtonia,  Mo 

Newtown,  Conn 

Newtown,  Ga. 

Newtown,  Ga. 

Newtown,  Ga 

Newtown,  HI 

Newtown,  Ky 

Newtown,  La 

Newtown,  Mo 

Newtown,  N.Y 

Newtown,  O 

Newtown,  Pa. 

Newtown,  Pa. 

Newtown,  Va 

New  Trier,  III 

New  Trier,  Minn 

Newturit,  Alaska 

New  Ulm,  Minn 

New  Utrecht,  N.Y 

New  Vernon,  Pa 

New  Vienna,  0 

Newville,  Iiid 

Newville,  Pa 

Newville,  Va 

Newville,  Va 

New  Vineyard,  Me 

New  Wasliington,  O.... 
New  Wiigliington,  Pa... 
New  Whatcom,  Witsh.. 
New  Wilmington,  Pa... 

New  Winilsor,  Col 

New  Windsor,  Col 

New  Windsor,  HI 

New  Windsor,  Md 

New  Windsor,  Md 

New  Wind-tor,  N.Y 

New  Windsor,  N.Y 

New  Wine,  Iowa 

New  York,  Cal 

New  York,  Mo 

New  York,  Neb 

New  York,  N.Y 

New  York  Mills,  Minn. 
New  York  Mills,  N.Y... 

New  Zion,  S.C 

Niagara,  Kan 

Niagara,  Ky 

Niagara,  N.Y 

Niagara,  N.D 

Niagara  Falls,  N.Y 

Nianguu,  Mo 

Niantic,  HI 

Niaiilic,  HI 

Nicasio,  Cal 

Nichol,  Iowa 

Nicholas,  Ky 

Nicholasville,  Ky 

Nicholasville,  Ky 

Nicliolia,  Idaho.... 

Nichols,  Ark 

Nichols,  Neb 

Nichols,  N.Y 

Nicholson,  Pa 

NIcliohon,  Pa 

Nicliolson,  Pa 

Nickerson,  Kan 

Nickurson,  Neb 

Nicodemus,  Kan 

Nicolaus,  Cal 

Nicollet,  Minn 

Nicollet,  Minn 

Nidaros,  Minn 

NielIy,Ga 

Nikhkak,  Alaska. 

KUe,0 - 

-  170 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

precinct 

poit-town 

post-town 

township 

IKMt'Vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

{KWt-Vill 

po«t-boro' 

poet-town 

jiost-twp 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

mag.-dist 

Tillage 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

po8t-lK)ro' 

niag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

hamlet 

city 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-biiro' 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

precinct 

post-boro' 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

district 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

post-vill 

|K>8t-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

mil.-dist 

hnnilet 

towubip 


Connty. 


JefleraoD......... 

Loup 

Rockingham ... 

Sussex 

Catawba. 

Catawba. 

Licking 

Miami 

Muskingum 

Pike 

Trumbull 

Cumlierluud 

Delaware 

Lackawanna.... 

Cache 

Manitowoc 

Marquette 

Trumbull 

Sampson 

Sam|>son 

Mifflin 

Newton 

Fairfield 

Jackson 

Milton 

Wilkes 

Livingston 

Scott... 

Terre  Bonne.... 

Sullivan 

Queens 

Hamilton 

Bucks 

Bucks 

King  &  Queen.. 

Cook 

Dakota 


Brown 

Kings 

Mercer 

Clinton 

De  Kalb 

Cumberland... 
Prince  George. 

Sussex 

Franklin 

Crawford 

Clearfield 

Whatcom 

Lawrence 

Weld 

Weld 

Mercer 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Orange 

Orange 

Dubuque 

Yuba 

Caldwell 

York 

New  York 

Otter  Tail 

Oneida 

Clarendon 

Stevens 

Henderson 

Niagara 

Grand  Forks... 

Niagara 

Webster 

Macon 

Macon 

Marin 

Muscatine 

Marshall 

Jessamine 

Jessamine 

Lemhi 

Conway 

Lincoln 

Tioga 

Fayette 

Wyoming 

Wyoming 

Reno 

Dodge 

Graham.... 

Sutter 

Nicollet 

Nicollet 

Otter  Tail 

Telfair 


Scioto. 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,216 


1,006 

'A3 1 2 

1,3:}2 
2,820 
2,250 
1,369 
l,3.'i8 
1,84;J 

734 
1,027 

304 
1,867 

724 

676 


61 

317 

1,612 

4,013 

1,884 

818 

818 

1,344 

800 


24 

9,804 

424 

970 

1,001 

3,287 

2,223 

104 


2,471 

4,742 

845 

797 

744 

1,547 


1,686 
788 
675 
280 


628 


.    613 

2,199 

426 

2,576 


2,334 
647 
988 


1,206,299 


1,8.3:) 
795 


1,102 
7,432 


3,320 


1,062 
321 
654 

286 

677 

2,489 

2,303 


1,709 
1,513 


686 
597 


452 
907 
939 
99 
311 


1,905 


1,068 

1(« 

1,0«)4 

3,(10.! 

3,6;i3 

l,o:iH 

1,208 

2,680 

2,131 

1,386 

1,383 

1,713 

648 

1,059 

473 

1,726 

711 

698 

1,242 

63 

3:)3 

1,638 

3,639 

1,811 

773 

1,532 

1,689 

799 

411 

:«3 

17,549 

652 

759 

1,213 

3,178 

3,7o:j 

129 
9 

3,471 

8,854 
720 
871 
687 

1,562 
30il 

1,991 
600 
704 
178 

2,140 
084 
606 
173 
477 

2,047 
414 

2,621 
614 

2,579 
770 
903 
681 
1,515,301 
260 

2,552 
868 
79 

1,176 

10,979 

2.36 

6,502 
367 

1,259 
6;?9 
538 
237 
869 

2,4.35 

2,U1 
110 

1,666 
218 

1,701 

1,483 
905 
7:H 

1,062 

6;i;i 

300 
1,0% 
766 
263 
684 
323 
42 
2,018 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Nilei,  111 

Nlle8,Ind 

NilcB,  Iowa 

Niles,  Mich 

Niles,  Mich 

Niles,  N.Y 

Niles,  0 

Nilwood,  111 

Nimblewill,  Ga 

NimishiUen,  0 

Nine  Mile,  Utah 

Nine  Mile  Prairie,  Mo.. 

Nineteenth,  Ga. 

Ninety-Six,  S.C 

Ninety-Six,  S.C 

Nineveh,  Ind 

Nineveh,  Ind 

Nineveh,  Mo 

Nineveh,  Mo 

Ninllchick,  Alaska 

Nininger,  Minn 

Ninncscah,  Kan 

Ninnescah,  Kan 

Nlnnescah,  Kan 

Ninnesrah,  Kan.. 

Ninth,  Ga 

Ninth,  Ga 

Niobrara,  Neb 

Niobrara,  Neb 

Niobrara,  Neb 

Nipomo,  Cal 

Nippawulla,  Kan 

Nippenose,  Pa 

Nislinabotany,  Iowa.... 

Nishnabotna,  Mo 

Niekayuna,  N.Y 

Niven,  Ark 

Niven,  Ark 

Ni  Wot,  Col 

Nixburg,  Ala. 

Nixon,  ill 

Nixonton,  N.C 

Noble,  III 

Noble,  III 

Noble,  Ind 

Noble,  Ind 

Noble,  Ind 

Noble,  Ind 

Noble,  Ind 

Noble,  Ind 

Noble,  Ind 

Noble,  Iowa 

Noble,  Kan 

Noble,  Kan 

Noble,  Kan 

Noble,  Kan 

Noble,  Mich 

Noble,  Neb 

Noble,  N.D 

Noble,  O 

Noble,  0 

Noble,  0 

Nobleborough,  Me 

Noblesville,  Ind 

Noblosville,  lud 

Nocatee,  Fla 

Nockamixon,  Pa 

Nocona,  Tex 

Nodaway,  Iowa 

Nodaway,  Iowa 

Nodaway,  Iowa 

Nodaway,  Mo 

Nodaway,  Mo 

Nodaway,  Mo 

Nogal,  N.M 

Nogales,  Ariz 

Noghelingamute,  Alas. 
Noh-chamute,  Alaska.. 

Nokomis,  111 

Nokomis,  III 

Nokomis,  Iowa. 

Nolin,  Ky 

Nonpareil,  Neb.„ 

Nooksachk,  Wash....  ... 

Noontootla,  Ga 

Nora,  Ill.„ 

Nora,  HI 

Nora,  Minn 

Nora,  Neb 

Nora,  N.I) 

Nora  Springs,  Iowa 

Norborne,  Mo 

Norcross,  Ga 

Norden,  Minn 

Norden,  Neb 

Nordeii,  S.D 


Rank  of 

place. 


post-twp 

township 

poat-twp 

township 

city 

post-town 

city 

poettwp 

mil.-dist 

township 

precinct 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

|K>8t-twp 

township 

township 

hamlet 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dlHt 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post  twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

I)08t-prect 

j)ost-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

hamlet 

hamlet 

township 

post-vill 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

post  prect 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 


County. 


Cook 

Delaware 

Floyd 

Berrien 

Berrien 

Cayuga 

Trumbull 

Macoupin 

Lumpkin 

Stark 

Emery 

Callaway 

Paulding 

Abbeville 

Abbeville 

Bartholomew... 

Johnson 

Adair 

Lincoln 


Dakota 

Cowley 

Kingman 

Reno 

Sedgwick 

Catoosa 

Whitfield 

Knox 

Knox 

Sheridan 

San  Luis  Obispo 

Barber 

Lycoming 

Crawford 

Atchison 

Schenectady 

Cleveland 

Jeflerson 

Boulder 

Coosa 

De  Witt 

I'aKqnotank 

Richland 

Richland 

Cass 

•lay 

La  Porte 

Noble 

Rush 

Shelby 

Wabash 

Cass 

Dickinson 

Ellsworth 

Marshall 

Norton 

Bi-anch 

Valley 1... 

Cass 

Auglaize 

Defiance 

Noble 

Lincoln 

Hamilton 

Hamilton 

De  Soto 

Bucks 

Montague 

Adams 

Page 

Taylor 

Andrew 

Holt 

Nodaway 

Lincoln 

Pima 


Montgomery  ... 
Montgomery  ... 
Bueiia  Vista..... 

Hardin 

Box  Butte 

Whatcom 

Fannin 

Jo  Daviess 

Jo  Daviess 

Pope 

Nuckolls 

La  Moure 

Floyd 

Carroll 

Gwinnett 

Polk 

Keya  Paha 

Deuel 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OP   1880  AND   1890   COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Norden,  S.D 

Nordhoff,  Cal 

Nordlaud,  Minn 

l^ordlaiid,  Minn 

Nordland,  S.D 

Nordnier,  N.D 

Norfolk,  Conn 

Norfolk,  Mass 

Norfolk,  Jlinn 

Norfolk,  Neb 

Norfolk,  Neb 

Norfolk,  N.Y 

Norfolk,  S.D 

Norfolk,  Va 

Norkluk,  Alaska 

Normiil,  III 

Normal,  III 

Norman,  Idabo 

Norman,  III 

Norman,  Minn 

Norman,  Mo 

Norman,  N.D.. 

Norman,  N.D 

Norman,  N.D 

Norman,  N.D 

Norman,  Okla 

Normania,  Minn 

Normania,  N.D 

Norridgewock,  Me 

Norrie,  Wis 

Norris,  S.C 

Norris  C'itj',  III 

Norristown,  Pa 

Norriton,  Pa 

Nortb,  Ark 

North,  Ind 

Nortb,  Ind 

North,  Kan 

North,  Kan 

North,  Ky 

North,  Minn 

Nortb,  Mo 

North,  0 

North  Adams,  Mass 

North  Adams,  Mich 

North  Alton,  III 

Nortb  Amherst,  0 

Northampton,  Kan 

Northampton,  Mass 

Northampton,  N..J 

Northampton,  N.Y 

Northampton,  0 

Northampton,  Pa 

Northampton,  Pa 

North  Andover,  Mass... 

North  Annville,  Pa 

North  Attleborough, 

Mass 

North  Baltimore,  0 

North  Beaver,  Pa 

Nortb  Belle  Vernon,  Pa 

Nortb  Bend,  Ind 

North  Bend,  Neb 

North  Bergen,  N.J 

Nortb  Berwick,  Me 

Nortb  Bloomfield,  fal.. 

North  Bloomfield,  0 

North  Bluff,  Neb 

Northborough,  Mass.... 

Nortb  Branch,  Md 

Nortb  Branch,  Micb.... 
North  Branch,  Mich.... 
North  Branch,  Minn... 
North  Branch,  Minn... 

Nortb  Branch,  Neb 

Nortb  Branch,  Pa 

North  Branford,  Conn.. 

Northbridge,  Mass 

North  Brook,  N.C 

Noith  Brookfield,  Mass. 
Nortb  Brunswick,  N.J. 

Noitb  Buffalo,  Pa 

Nortb  Carolina,  Ga 

North  Carolina,  Ga 

North  Castle,  N.Y 

North  Catawba,  N.C 

North  Clinton,  N.C. 

North  Codorus,  Pa 

North  Collins,  N.Y 

North  Collins,  N.Y 

North  Coos  River,  Ore. 

North  Cornwall,  Pa 

North  Corvallis,  Ore.... 

North  Cove,  N.C 

North  Coventry,  Pa 

North  Dausville,  N.Y.. 


Hank  of 
place. 


township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post-town 

township 

city 

hamlet 

township 

city 

I)recinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post  twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag  -dist 

township 

township 

township 

post- town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

city 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

iKjrough 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

district 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dlst 

post-town 

l)ost-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

towugbip 


County. 


Hamlin 

Ventura 

Aitkin 

Lyon 

Marshall 

Foster 

Litchfield 

Noifolk 

Renville 

Madison 

Madison 

Saint  Lawrence 

Sully 

Norfolk 


McLean 

McLean 

Bear  Lake 

Grundy 

Yellow  Med 

Dent 

Barnes 

Cass 

Steele 

Traill 

Cleveland 

Yellow  Med 

Benson 

Somerset 

Marathon 

Edaiefifld 

White 

Montgomery.... 
Montgomery.... 

Sharp 

Lake 

Marshall 

Labette 

Woodson 

Washington 

Polk 

Dade 

Harrison 

Berkshire 

IlillHdale 

Madison 

Lorain 

Rooks 

Hampshire 

Burlington 

Fulton 

Summit 

Bucks 

Somerset 

Essex 

Lebanon 


Bristol 

Wood , 

Lawrence 

Westmoreland. 

Starke , 

Dodge , 

Hudson , 

York 

Nevada 

Morrow , 

Lane  aster. 

Worcester 

Alleghany 

Lapeer , 

Lapeer 

Chisago 

Isanti , 

Otue 

Wyoming. , 

New  Haven 

Worcester 

Lincoln 

Worcester 

Middlesex 

Armstrong 

Floyd 

Quitman 

Westchester.... 

Caldwell 

Sampson 

York 

Erie 

Erie 

Coos 

Lebanon 

Benton 

McDowell 

Chester 

Livingston , 


Population. 


1,418 
930 
296 


547 
2,471 


8,045 
2,470 


445 
340 
613 


1,491 


2,958 

400 

13,065 

1,368 
331 

2,510 

1,727 
895 


2,108 


1,2(19 

1,41(1 

10,191 

433 

838 
1,542 

646 
12,172 
4,630 
2,069 

977 
l,7(i8 

842 
3,217 
2,134 


701 

1,084 

208 

594 

41.') 

4,268 

1,801 

724 

1,227 


1,676 
'i',656 


141 

707 

564 

400 

1,025 

4,053 

1,401 

4,4.59 

1,251 

1,216 

2,(160 

885 

1,818 


2,.ViO 

1,856 

421 

103 


99(1 
1,441 
4,178 


557 

244 

121 

357 

164 

68 

1,546 

913 

426 

4,120 

3,0.38 

2,024 

100 

34,871 

13 

7,312 

3,459 

138 

354 

378 

1,083 

278 

734 

125 

270 

787 

529 

220 

1,666 

353 

2,803 

223 

19,791 

1,236 

722 

9,631 

1,956 

850 

470 

1,219 

95 

1,413 

1,499 

10,074 

504 

762 

1,648 

309 

14,990 

6,378 

1,992 

896 

2,049 

784 

.3,742 

2,008 

6,727 

2,8.57 

2,035 

4:55 

884 

807 

5,715 

1,803 

497 

1,105 

501 

1,952 

553 

1,886 

705 

685 

885 

774 

365 

825 

4,605 

1,956 

3,871 

1,238 

1,108 

1,^91 

804 

1,47.5 

823 

2,029 

2,&39 

2,016 

6:i6 

267 

1,458 

364 

1,178 

1,605 

4,099 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


North  Danville,  Va 

North  Derry,  Pa 

North  East,  Cal 

North  East,  III 

North  East,  Ind 

Nortb  East,  Md 

North  East,  Md 

Nortb  East,  Miss 

North  East,  Miss 

Nortb  East,  Miss 

North  East,  Miss 

North  East,  N.Y 

North  East,  Pa 

Nortb  East,  Pa 

Not  th  East  Greeley,  Col 

Nortb  Elba,  N.Y 

Northern,  III 

Northern,  111 

Nortb  Eugene,  Ore 

Northfield,  111 

Nortbfitld,  Me 

Northfield,  Mass 

Northfield,  Mich 

Northfield,  Minn 

Northfield,  Minn 

Noitbfield,  N.H 

Northfield,  N.Y 

Northfield,  0 

Northfield,  Vt 

Northfield,  Vt 

Northfield,  Wis 

Nortb  Fork,  Ark 

North  Fork,  Ark 

Nortb  Fork,  Ark 

North  Fork,  Cal 

North  Fork,  Iowa 

North  Fork,  Ky 

North  Fork,  Ky 

North  Fork,  Minn 

North  Fork,  Mo 

North  Fork,  Neb.: 

North  Fork,  N.C 

North  Fork,  Ore 

North  Fork,  Va 

North  Fork,  Wash 

North  Fort  Collins,  Col. 
North  Fianklin,  Neb... 
North  Freedom,  Wis.... 
North  Great  Falls,  Mont 
North  Greenbusb,  N.Y. 
North  Hampton,  N.H... 

North  Haven,  Conn 

North  Haven,  Me 

North  Heidelberg,  Pa... 
Nortb  Hempstead,  N.Y 
North  Henderson,  III... 

North  Hero,  Jlinn 

North  Hero,  Vt 

North  Hopewell,  Pa 

North  Hu<lson,  N.Y 

North  Humphries,  Ky.. 
North  Huntingdon,  Ph. 
North  Indiaiia(>olis,Ind 
Nortli  Islands,  &c..  Col. 

Nortb  .Ionian,  Utah 

North  Judson,  Ind 

North  Kingston,  R.I.... 
Nortb  Knoxville,  Tenn 

Northland,  Minn 

North  Las  Vegas,  N.M. 

North  Lawrence,  0 

North  Lebanon,  Pa 

North  Lewisburg,  0 

North  Lincoln,  Neb 

North  Litchfield,  111.... 

North  Loup,  Neb 

Nortb  Loup,  Neb 

North  MacGregor.Iowa 
North  MacMinnville, 

Ore 

North  Mahoning,  Pa... 
North  Manchester,  Ind. 

North  Maiiheim,  Pa 

North  Marion,  &c..  Mo. 
North  Middleton,  Pa.... 
North  Middletown,  Ky. 
North  Middletown,  Ky. 
N'  rth  Moniteau,  Mo.... 

North  Moreland,  Pa 

North  Muddy,  III 

North  Murderkill,  Del. 
North  Muskegon,  Mich 
Nortb  Norwich,  N.Y.... 

North  Ogden,  Utah 

North  Okaw,  III 

Nortb  Ottawa,  Minn.... 


Rank  of 

place. 


post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

district 

post-town 

beat 

beat 

beat 

beat 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post  town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

post  town 

|K)st-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

town.-bip 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

hundred 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

township 


County, 


Pittsylvania 

Mifilin 

Yuba..; 

Adams 

Orange 

Cecil 

Cecil 

Attala 

Jackson , 

Jasper. 

Winston 

Dutchess 

Erie 

Erie 

Weld 

Essex 

Franklin 

Williamson 

Lane 

Cook 

Washington 

Franklin 

Washtenaw 

Rice 

Rice 

Merrimack 

Richmond 

Summit 

Washington 

Washington 

.lackson 

Baxter 

Marion 

Pope 

Trinity 

Delaware , 

Morgan 

Powell 

Stearns 

Barton 

Saline , 

Ashe 

Grant 

Washington 

Snohomish 

Larimer 

Franklin 

Sauk 

Cascade 

Rensselaer. 

Rockingham..., 

New  Haven 

Knox 

Berks 

Queens 

Mercer 

Redwood 

Grand  Isle 

York 

Essex 

Ballard 

Westmoreland.. 

Marion 

Arapahoe 

Salt  Lake 

Starke 

Washington 

Knox 

Polk 

San  Miguel 

Stark 

Lebanon „. 

Champaign 

Frontier 

Montgomery.... 

Valley 

Valley 

Clayton 


Yam  Hill 

Indiana 

M^abash 

Schuylkill.... 

Christian 

Cumberland . 

Bourbon 

Bourbon , 

Howard 

Wyoming 

Jasper 

Kent 

Muskegon 

Chenango 

Weber 

Coles 

Grant 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,200 


244 
1,453 

997 
4,006 

988 
3,122 

672 
2,452 

912 
2,181 
2,152 
1,396 


480 

1,256 

1.838 

1,433 

1,807 

193 

1,603 

1,273 

3,150 

2,296 

918 

7,014 

1,076 

2,836 

1,313 

1,176 

.    462 

600 

250 

606 

866 

234 

36; 

470 

765 

692 

1,239 

192 

2,964 


4,131 
774 

1,763 
755 
950 

7,660 

1,138 
196 
637 


693 
2,021 
6,341 


282 

165 

3,949 


494 

2,560 

936 


1,317 

1,585 
2,607 


1,116 

1,476 

377 


892 
1,264 
4,078 


964 

966 

1,721 


171 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  and 
■tate. 


North  Ot»«T.  Ill 

2<urtli  Paliiivra,  III 

Kunh  I'arma,  N.Y 

North  Peixlh'ton,  Ore... 

North  PooriH,  III 

North  I'Iniiillcltl,  N.J... 
North  Plains,  Hich....... 

North  Platte,  Neb 

North  Platte,  Neb 

North  Plea/iureTllle.Ky 

North  Puint,  Utah 

North|>ort,  Ala..„ 

North|>ort,  Ala 

Norlhiwrt,  Me 

Nortli|>ort,  Mich 

North  Portland, Ac, Ore 
North  Powder,  Oro.. 
North  Powder, Ore.. 
North  Powder,  Ore.. 
North  Providence,  R,I. 
North  Reading,  Mass.. 

North  liiver,  Ala 

North  liiver,  Va 

North  Koliinson,0 

North  ItoHcoe,  Kan , 

North  Saint  Paiil.Minn 

North  Salem,  Ind 

North  Salem,  Mo 

North  Salem,  N.Y 

North  Salem,  Ore 

North  San  Juan,  Oil... 
North  Sewlekley,  Pa... 

North  Shade,  Mich 

North  Sha\vneetown,Ili 
North  Sheiiaii((o,  Pa. 
Korthside  Boulder, 

Wont 

North  Smithfleld,  R.I... 

North  Smoky,  Col 

North  SprinKfiel.l,  III... 

North  Star,  Ac,  Col 

North  Star,  Mich 

North  Star,  Minn 

North  Star,  Neb 

North  Star  Mine,  Col... 
North  Sti>nington,Conn 

North  Strabane,  Pa 

North  Tarrytown,  N.Y. 
North  Tonaw anda.N.Y. 
North  Towanda,  Pa. 

North  Troy,  Vt 

Northumberland,  N.H.. 
Northumberland,  N.Y.. 
Northimilierland,  Pa.... 

North  Union,  Pa 

North  Union,  Pa 

North  Utica,  III 

North  Valley,  Neb 

North  Vernon,  Ind 

North  Versailles,  Pa 

North  Vet«,  Col_ 

Northville,  Ga 

Northville,  III 

Northville,  Mich 

Northville,  N.Y 

Northville,  S.D 

North  Wales,  Pa 

North  Warner,  Ore 

North  West,  Ark 

North  West,  Ind 

North  West,  Miss 

North  West,  Misis 

North  West,  N.C 

North  We«t,0 

North  West  Fork,  Del.. 
North  West  Greeley.Col 
North  Whitehall,  Pa.... 

North  Windsor,  (Jol 

Northwood,  Iowa 

North  wood,  Iowa 

Northwood,  N.H 

Northwood,  N.D 

Northwood,  N.D 

North  Woodbury,  Pa... 
North  Yakima,  Wash... 
North  Yam  Hill,  Ore... 
North  Yarmouth,  Me... 

Norton,  III 

Norton,  Kan , 

Norton,  Kan 

Norton,  Mass 

Norton,  Mich 

Norton,  Minn 

Norton,  N.D 

Norton,  O 

Norton,  Vt 


Rank  of 
|>lac«. 


township 

towushl|> 

post-Till 

precinct 

post-vlll 

township 

township 

pr«cinct 

city 

|)08t-vill 

pre<'inct 

precinct 

IKut-vill 

|)Ost-town 

poet-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-Till 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post- vi  II 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

village 

post  prect 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

village 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

village 

precinct 

city 

township 

precinct 

mil.-diKt 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-buro' 

precinct 

township 

township 

beat 

beat 

township 

poet-twp 

hundred 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-Till 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

township 

city 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


Connly. 


Macoupin.... 
Mttoonpin.... 

Mounw 

Umatilla 

Peoria 

Somerset 

Ionia. 

Lincoln 

Lincoln 

Henry 

Salt  Lake 

Tuscaloosa..., 
Tuscaloosa.... 

Waldo , 

Leelanaw 

Multnomah.. 

Uaker. 

Union 

Union 

Providence..., 
Middlesex .... 

Fayette 

Augusta 

Crawford 

Hodgeman  ... 

liamsey 

Hendricks 

Linn 

Westchester.. 

Marion 

Nevada 

Beaver 

Gratiot 

Gallatin 

Crawford 


Jefferson 

Providence 

Kit  Carson 

Sangamon... >... 

Gunnison 

Gratiot 

Brown 

Frontier 

San  Juan 

New  London  ... 

Washington 

Westche.'iter..... 

Niagara 

Bradford 

Orleans 

Coos 

Saratoga 

Northumberl'd 

Fayette 

Schuylkill 

La  Salle 

Red  Willow 

Jennings 

Alleghany 

Huerfano 

Butts 

La  Salle 

Wayne 

Fulton 

Spink 

Montgomery.... 

Lake 

Stone 

Orange 

Jackson 

Jasper 

Brunswick 

Williams 

Sus.<iex 

Weld 

Lehigh 

Weill 

Worth 

Worth 

Rockingham.... 
Grand  Forks.... 
Grand  Forks.... 

Blair 

Yakima 

Yam  Hill 

Cumberland 

Kankakee 

JefTerson 

Norton 

Bristol 

Muskegon 

Winona 

Walsh 

Summit 

Esaez 


Population. 


1880.     1800, 


1,087 

1,199 

37(} 


3,217 

1,902 

2,873 

363 


1,9M 
664 
872 
198 
17,577 
276 
20U 

"1,467 

900 

758 

4,313 

182 


3.18 
872 

1,693 
930 
65)i 
971 

1,365 


U4'J 


3,0»8 


1,467 
294 


1,769 

1,324 

2,G84 

1,492 

740 

469 

1,0C2 

1,583 

2,293 

3,169 

848 

767 


1,842 
3,051 


865 

1,061 

934 

763 


673 


1,076 
360 
1,412 
1,313 
1,.582 
2,193 


3,245 


1,303 

844 

1,345 


1,095 


082 

827 

l,fi41 

1,376 

634 

1,732 

556 

827 


2,066 
239 


061 
1,446 

487 

1,192 

1,086 

4,250 

1,477 

3,a^ 

3,066 

194 

167 

2,462 

413 

691 

204 

47,447 

116 

699 

186 

2,084 

874 

869 

4,153 

267 

227 

1,099 

606 

978 

1,730 

2,145 

303 

1,154 

1,421 

1,.W0 

804 

129 

3,173 

190 

1,043 

189 

1,045 

366 

282 

35 

1,403 

1,492 

3,179 

4,793 

753 

600 

1,350 

1,410 

2,744 

6,099 

1,124 

1,094 

420 

2,012 

2,882 

605 

1,107 

857 

1,673 

792 

868 

1,060 

78 

132 

972 

638 

1,63.3 

1,76.5 

1,486 

2,793 

1,412 

2,847 

329 

1,385 

859 

1,478 

828 

2l»j 

1,051 

1,535 

1,392 

709 

l,,"i58 

1,.t08 

1,074 

1,785 

72:J 

770 

2.30 

1,973 

960 


Name  of  place  and 
BUte. 


Norton,  Vt 

Norton  Creek,  Fla 

Norton  Sound,  Alaska.. 

Nortonville,  Kan 

Norvoll,  Mich 

Norwalk,  Conn 

Norwalk,  Iowa 

Norwalk,  O 

Norwalk,  0 

Norway,  III 

Norway,  Iowa 

Norway,  Iowa 

Norway,  Iowa 

Norway,  Iowa 

Norway,  Kan 

Norway,  Me 

Norway,  Ble...... 

Norway,  Mich 

Norway,  Minn 

Norway,  Neb 

Norway,  N.Y 

Norway,  N.D 

Norway,  N.D 

Norway,  N.D 

Norway,  N.D 

Norway,  N.D 

Norway,  N.D 

Norway,  Ore 

Norway,  S.D 

Norway,  S.D 

Norway,  Wis 

Norway  Lake,  Minn.... 

Norwegian,  Pa 

Norwegian  Grovc,Minn 

Norwell,  Mass 

Norwich,  Conn 

Norwich,  Conn 

Norwich,  Kan 

Norwich,  Mich 

Norwich,  Mich 

Norwich,  N.Y 

Norwich,  N.Y 

Norwich,  O 

Norwich,  0 

Norwich,  0 

Norwich,  Pa 

Norwich,  Vt 

Norwood,  Col 

Norwood,  Ga 

Norwood,  Ga 

Norwood,  Mass 

Norwood,  Mich 

Norwood,  Minn 

Norwood,  N.Y 

Norwood,  N.C 

Norwood,  Wis 

Norwood  Park,  111 

Notaluten,  Alaska 

Notasulga,  Ala 

Notasiilga,  Ala 

Notre  Dame,  Ind 

Nottawa,  Mich 

Noltawa,  Mich 

Nottingham,  Ind 

Nottingham,  Md 

Nottingham,  N.H 

Nottingham,  O 

Nottingham,  Pa 

Nottla,  N.C 

Noughton,  N.D 

Novato,  Cal 

Novesta,  Mich 

Novi,  Mich 

Novokhtolahamute, 

Alaska 

Nowell,  Neb 

Nowikakat,  Alaska 

Nowland,  Ark 

Noyes,  Pa 

N.  P.  Junction,  Minn... 

Ntealeyta.  Alaska 

Nucliek,  Alaska 

Nukluka.vet,  Alaska.... 

Nulato,  Alaska 

Nulothtagaraute,  Alas.. 

Numa,  Iowa 

Numedal,  Minn 

Nunachaimghainute, 

Alaska 

Nunavoknak-chluga- 

mute,  Alaska 

Nunda,  III 

Nunda,  III 

Nunda,  Mich 

Nunda,  Minn 

Nunda,  N.Y 


Bank  of 
place. 


village 

precinct 

village 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

city 

post-Till 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

poet-vill 

l)ost-twp 

township 

precinct 

(lost-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

post  twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-Till 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

ix>st-prect 

mil.-dist 

poet-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

hamlet 

precinct 

pofct-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

district 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

hamlet 

precinct 

hamlet 

township 

township 

village 

hnmlet 

village 

village 

village 

hamlet 

post-town 

township 

village 

village 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Essex 

Madison. 


JefTerson 

Jackson  

Fairfield 

Pottawattamie 

Huron 

Huron 

La  !?alle 

Benton 

Humboldt 

Wright 

Winnebago 

Republic 

Oxford 

Oxford 

Dickinson 

Fillmore 

Thomas 

Herkimer , 

Dickey , 

La  Moure , 

Nelson 

Ramsey 

■Steele 

Traill 

Coos 

Clay 

Lincoln 

Racine 

Kandivohf 

Schuylkill 

Otter  Tall 

Plymouth 

New  London.... 
New  London.... 

Kingman 

Missaukee... 

Newaygo 

Chenungo..., 
Chenango..., 

Franklin 

Huron 

Muskingum 

McKean 

Windsor 

San  Miguel., 

Warren 

AVarren 

Norfolk 

Charlevoix.. 

Carver 

Snint  Lawi'ence 

Stanly 

Langlade.... 
Cook 


Population. 


1880.     1890, 


Macon 

Macon 

Saint  Joseph.. 

Isabella 

Saint  Joseph.. 

Wells 

Prince  George's 
Rockingham.. 

Harrison 

Washington... 

Cherokee 

Burleigh 

Marin 

Tuscola 

Oakland 


Hempstead.. 

Clinton 

Carlton 


A  ppanoose . 
Polk 


Mcllenry.... 
McHenry.... 
Cheboycan.. 
Freeborn.... 
LiTingston., 


644 


350 

908 

13,95(i 

613 

7,078 

6,704 

130 


612 

77 

959 

492 

2,61 » 

1,407 


1,105 


1,045 


081 

492 

932 

659 

1,820 

21,143 

15,112 


637 

6,750 


1,690 

1,157 

205 

431 

1,471 


1,399 


2,345 

aoc 

3:!8 
1,221 


1,675 


1,751 
:S30 


293 
1,916 
2,057 
1,980 
1,09.' 
904 
868 
1,216 


471 

390 

1,278 


1,721 

388 


77( 
2,790 


172 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Nunda,  N.Y 

N'unda,  S.D 

Nuiin  Mill,  &c.,  Ala., 
Kushaguk,  Alaska,  .. 

Nutbush,  N.C 

Kutbush,  N.C 

Nutria,  N.M 

Nuttallburp,  W.  Va.. 

Nutters,  Md 

Nuttvconibe,  Kan 

Nyack,  N.Y....; 

Oak,  Ga 

Oak,  Iowa 

Oak,  Kan 

Oak,  Minn , 

Oak,  Neb 

Oak  Bluff,  Ark 

Oak  Itowery,  Ala 

Oak  Clitr,  fe.\ 

Oak  Creek,  Neb 

Oak  Creek,  Neb 

Oak  Creek,  Neb 

Oak  Creek,  Neb 

Oak  Creek,  Utah 

Oak  Creek,  Wis 

Oakdale,  Cal 

Oakilale,  Fla 

Oakdale,  111 

Oakdale,  Iowa 

Qakdale,  Minn 

Oakdale,  Neb 

Oakdale,  Neb 

Oakdale,  Wis 

Oakes,  ND 

Oakesdale,  Wash 

Oakfield,  Iowa 

OaUfield,  Mich 

Oakfield,  N.Y 

Oakfield,  N.Y 

Oakfield,  Wis 

Oakford,  Ky 

Oak  Forest,  Ark 

Oak  Fuska,  Ala 

Oiik  Grove,  Ala 

Oak  Grove,  Fla 

Oak  Grove,  Ga 

Oak  Grove,  Ind 

Oak  Grove,  Minn 

Oak  Grove,  Mo , 

Oak  Grove,  Neb 

Oak  Grove,  N.M 

Oak  Grove,  N.C 

Oak  Grove,  N.C 

Oak  Grove,  Wis 

Oak  Grove,  Wis 

Oak  Grove,  Wis 

Oak  Gulch,  S.D 

Oakham,  JIass 

Oak  Harbor,  0 

Oak  Hill,  Ga 

Oak  Hill,  Ky 

Oak  Hill,  Mo 

Oak  Hill,  N.C 

Oak  Hill,  0 

Oak  Lake,  S.D 

Oakland,  Ala.. 

Oakland,  Cal 

Oakland,  Cal 

Oakland,  111 

Oakland,  111 

Oakland,  Iowa 

Oakland,  Iowa 

Oakland,  Iowa 

Oakland,  Kan 

Oakland,  Kan 

Oakland,  Me 

Oakland,  Md 

Oakland,  Md   

Oakland,  Mich 

Oakland,  Minn 

Oakland,  Miss 

Oakland,  Neb 

Oakland,  Neb 

Oakland,  Neb 

Oakland,  N.C 

Oakland,  0.. 

Opkland,  Ore 

Oakland,  Pa 

Oakland,  Pa .., 

Oakland,  Pa 

Oakland,  Pa 

Oakland,  S.C 

Oakland,  Tex 

Oakland,  Wis , 

Oakland  City,  Ind..., 
Oak  Lawn,  Minn , 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

township 

precinct 

village 

township 

township 

village 

post-town 

district 

township 

post-vill 

niil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

city 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

po«t-vill 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

town«hip 

post-twp 

township 

townshi)) 

post-town 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

township 

city 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

district 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

village 

city 

township 

township 

borough 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 


County. 


Livingston.. 

Lake 

Morgan 


Vance 

Warren 

Valencia 

i'ayette , 

Wicomico , 

Cheyenne , 

Rockland , 

Clavton 

Mifls , 

Smith 

Stearns , 

Lancaster , 

Clay 

Chambers 

Dallas 

Butler 

Saunders 

Sherman 

Webster , 

Millard 

Milwaukee...., 

Stanislaus 

Citrus 

Washington.., 

Howard 

Washington.., 

Antelope 

Antelope 

Monroe 

Dickey 

Whitman 

Audubon 

Kent 

Genesee 

Genesee 

Fond  du  Lac  . 


Lee 

Tallapoosa 

Perry 

Liberty 

Fulton 

Benton 

Anoka.. 

Oregon 

Franklin 

Grant 

Durham 

Wake 

Barron 

Rodge 

Pierce 

Day 

Worcester 

Ottawa 

Newton 

Taylor 

Crawford 

Granville 

Jackson 

Brookings 

I,Auder(lale 

Alameda 

Alameda 

Coles 

Schuyler 

Franklin 

Louisa 

Pottawattamie 

Clay 

Cloud , 

Kennebec 

Garrett 

Garrett 

Oakland 

Freeborn 

Yalabusha 

Boone , 

Burt 

Burt 

Chatham , 

Fairfield , 

Douglas 

Butler , 

Susquehanna.., 
Susquehanna.., 

Venango , 

Greenville 

Colorado 

Jefferson 

Gibson 

Crow  Wing 


Population. 


1,037 


3,072 


3,881 


i,o.n 

1,673 
682 


1,000 
1,410 


254 
600 

""418 
184 

2,097 
376 


447 

841 


338 
733 


636 
1,112 
1,495 


1,.304 

1,370 
792 
472 

1,099 
475 
782 

1,434 
305 

1,303 


2,.W1 


1,717 
973 


809 

987 

779 

1,270 

1,103 

2,341 

C46 


3.'i,144 

34,555 

727 

1,261 

554 

508 


6.'">5 
475 

1,677 

2,077 
910 

1,041 
629 
288 
377 

1455 
345 

1,837 
139 
369 

1,(J39 

1,415 


1,214 
1,681 

107 
1,043 

731 


1,010 

40.( 

2,227 

268 

654 

1,639 

332 

342 

1,061 

176 

4,111 

1,059 

986 

1,093 

931 

734 

1,827 

1,546 

2,470 

951 

1,016 

338 

609 

186 

2,087 

1,012 

159 

954 

444 

904 

883 

630 

680 

379 

528 

1,004 

1,048 

1,441 

578 

1,324 

1,720 

1,402 

371 

1,044 

535 

756 

1,495 

293 

1,798 

388 

17 

1,619 

1,100 

6(18 

1,.599 

824 

103 

738 

1,681 

525 

947 

1,330 

2,172 

657 

813 

2,1.39 

12,040 

48,682 

905 

l,:i01 

711 

447 

686 

576 

535 

2,044 

2,5-'6 

1,040 

896 

6:i9 

327 

1,177 

2,353 

807 

1,954 

165 

339 

1,198 

690 

955 

1,003 

1,841 

2.')0 

1,108 

1,624 

202 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Oak  Level,  Ala 

Oakley,  Idaho 

Oakley,  III 

Oakley,  Kan 

Oakley,  Kan 

Oakley,  Mich 

Oakmont,  Pa 

Oak  Park,  III 

Oak  Park,  Minn 

Oak  Park,  Minn 

Oak  Point,  Ore 

Oakport,  Minn 

Oak  Kidge,  La 

Oak  Ridge,  Mo 

Oak  Ridge,  N.C 

Oak  Run,  0 

Oak  Valley,  Kan 

Oak  Valley,  Kan 

Oak  Valley,  Minn 

Oakville,  Ala 

Oakville,  La 

Oakville,  N.D 

Oakville,  Tex 

Oakwood,  111 

Oakwood,  Md 

Oakwood,  Minn 

Oakwood,  N.D 

Oakwood,  N.D 

Oakwood,  O 

Oakwood,  SO 

Oakwood,  Tex 

Oaky  Streak,  Ala. 

Oasis,  Utah 

Oasis,  Wis 

Obed,  N.C 

Oberlin,  Kan , 

Oberlin,  Kan , 

Oberlin,  0 , 

Obion,  Tenn 

Obion,  Tenn 

Oblong,  111 

Oblong,  III , 

Ocala,  Fla 

Ocala,  Fla 

OoRte,  N.M 

Ocate  Naraujos,  N.M.., 

Occoquan,  Va 

Occoquan,  Va 

Occupacia,  Va , 

Ocean,  Cal , 

Ocean,  N.J 

Ocean,  N.J 

Oceana,  W.  Va 

Ocean  City,  Md 

Ocean  City,  N.J 

Ocean  Grove,  N.J 

Ocean  Pond,  Ga 

Oceanside,  Cal 

Ocean  Springs,  Miss 

Ocheyedan,  Iowa 

Ochlochnee,  Ga 

Ochlochnee,  Ga 

Ocklockonee,  Fla 

Ocoha,  Miss 

O'Cona  Lufty,  N.C 

Oconee,  Ga 

Oconee,  111 

Oconee,  111 

Oconeecliee,  N.C 

O'Connor,  Neb 

Oconomowoc,  Wis 

Oconomowoc,  Wis 

Oconto,  Wis 

Oconto,  Wis 

Oconto  Falls,  Wis 

Ocracoke,  N.C 

Odebolt,  Iowa 

Odee,  Kan 

Odell,  111 

Odell,  111 

Odell,  Kan 

Oden,  Ark 

Odessa,  Del 

Odessa,  Kan 

Odessa,  Mich 

Odessa,  Minn 

Odessa,  Mo , 

Odessa,  Neb , 

Odessa,  N.D 

Odessa,  S.D 

Odiak.  Alaska 

Odin,  111 

Odin,  111 

Odin,  Minn.. 

Odon, Ind 

Oella,  Md 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-prect 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

borough 

post-vill 

township 

village 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-Till 

township 

post-prect 

village 

township 

post- town 

post-twp 

district 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-prect 

|X)8t-tWp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

civil-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

city 

post-prect 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

j)ost-viII 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-boro' 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post  vill 

precinct 

beat 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

township 

city 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

l)ost-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

village 

township 

post-vill 

po8t-twp 

post-town 

post-vill 


County. 


Cleburne 

Cassia 

Macon 

Logan 

Logan 

Saginaw 

Alleghany.., 

Cook 

Marshall 

Washington 
Columbia.,... 

Clay 

Morehouse  , 
Cape  Girardeau 

Guilford 

Madison 

Elk 

Elk 

Otter  Tail 

Lawrence 

Plaquemine.i.... 
Grand  Forks.... 

Live  Oak 

Vermilion 

Cecil 

Wabasha 

Grand  Forks.... 

Walsh 

Paulding 

Brookings 

Leon 

Butler 

Millard 

Waushara 

Ashe 

Decatur 

Decatur 

Lorain 

Obion 

Obion 

Crawford 

Crawford 

Marion 

Marion 

Mora. 

Mora 

Prince  William 
Prince  William 

Essex 

Sonoma 

Monmouth 

Ocean 

Wyoming 

Worcester 

Cape  May 

Monmouth 

Lowndes 

San  Diego 

Jackson 

Osceola 

Thomas 

Thomas 

Wakulla 

Covington 

Swain 

Laurens.  ..„ 

Shelby 

Shelby 

Northampton... 

Greeley 

Waukesha 

Waukesha 

Oconto 

Oconto 

Oconto 

Hyde 

Sac 


Livingston  . 
Livingston- 
Harper........ 

Chicot 

New  Castle., 

Jewell , 

Ionia , 

Big  Stone... 
Lafayette.... 

Buffalo- 

Ramsey 

Campbell.... 


Marion 

Marion 

Watonwan . 

Daviess 

Baltimore... 


Population. 


1880.      1890 


1,193 
'i"o45 


298 

'i","888 


1.59 
142 


180 
931 
613 


202 
2,251 


235 
2,5-iy 
1,415 

988 


.96 
908 


628 
1,196 
'3,242 


1,885 


1,088 
306 

3,046 
075 

6,027 
484 
939 
49 


020 
1,100 


849 
215 

1,729 
117 
137 

1,044 
867 


1,099 
259 

2,446 
284 

l,3;i6 

2,174 
893 

4,171 


400 
63' 


2,004 
908 


2,497 
675 


1,099 
I" 
100 


2,042 
724 
500 


1,310 

1,141 

1,070 
665 
176 
299 

1,078 

4,771 
453 
390 
424 
176 
296 
lU 
972 
544 
889 
202 
367 

2,109 
300 
247 
329 

2,873 

1,249 
764 
15> 
681 
378 
305 
231 
591 
199 
707 
572 

1,243 
976 

4,376 
91 G 
660 

2,069 
390 

4,.388 

2,904 
904 
411 

l,2-.'3 
297 

3,140 

907 

10,209 

482 

1,343 

85 

452 

2,754 

1,433 
427 

1,148 
563 

1,451 
202 
150 

1,-567 

1,367 
682 

1,660 
332 

2,229 
437 

1,373 

2,729 

1,068 

5,219 
494 
466 

1,122 
183 

1,658 
80O 
088 

2,036 
040 
588 

2,251 
334 

1,272 
536 
100 
302 
278 

2,390 
817 
643 
192 
616 


173 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP  1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Kane  of  place  aDd 
Mate. 


0«lricha,  8.D ~~ ... ... 

Oviweiu,  Iowa. 

O'KalloD,  III 

O'rallon,  III 

O'FalloD,  Neb- 

Ogallah,  Knn 

OgAllala,  Neb 

OKMllala,  Neb 

Ogilun.lll 

Ogdun.III 

Ogilen,  Iowa 

UgJen,  Kan 

Ogden,  Kan 

Ogdeu,  Mlch._....... 

Ogden,  N.Y ^ 

Ogden,  Utah 

Ogden,  Utah 

Ogdeiisbiirg,  N.Y , 

Ogemo,  Wis 

Ogemaw,  Mich 

Ogle,  I'a 

Oglethorpe,  Ga. , 

Ogletliorpe,  Ga 

O'Hara,  Pa. 

Oliatcbee,  Ala 

Oh-hagamute,  Alaska.. 

Ohio,  III 

Ohio,  III , 

Ohio,  111 

Ohio,  111 

Ohio,  Ind 

Ohio,  Ind 

Ohio,  Ind 

Ohio,  Ind. 

Ohio,  Iowa 

Ohio,  Iowa. 

Ohio,  Kan 

Ohio,  Kan 

Ohio,  Kan 

Ohio,  Kan 

Ohio,  Kan 

Ohio,  Kan 

Ohio,  Mo 

Ohio,  Neb 

Ohio,  N.Y 

Ohio,  O 

Ohio,  O 

Ohio,  0 

Ohio,  Pa 

Ohio,  Pa 

Ohio,  S.D 

Ohio  City,  Col 

Ohio  Grove,  III 

Ohiowa,  Neb 

Oil,  Ind 

Oil  City,  Pa 

Oil  Creek,  Pa 

Oil  Creek,  Pa „... 

Oilstill,  Fla 

Ojitos,  N.M 

OjoCaliente,  N.M- 

Ojo  Caliente,  N.M 

Ojo  Caliente,  N.M 

Ojo  Sarco,  N.M... 

Okahiimpka,  Fla. 

Okaw,  111 

Okawville,  III 

Okawville,  III 

Oketo,  Kan 

Oketo,  Kan 

Oklahoma,  Okla 

Okolmji,  Iowa. 

Okobojo,  S.D 

Okolona,  Miss. 

Ola,  S.D 

Olalla,  Wash 

Olathe,  Kan 

Olathe,  Kan 

Oldenburg,  Ind 

Old  Field,  N.C 

Old  Fields,  N.C 

Old  Fields  Creek,  N.C.. 

Old  First,  Ga. 

Old  Forge,  Pa. 

Old  Fort,  N.C 

Old  Fort,  N.C 

Old  Harbor,  Alaska.-.. 

Old  Landing,  Ky 

Old  Lycoming,  Pa 

Old  Lyme,  Conn 

Oldmau's,  N.J 

Old  Ninth,  Ga 

Old  Orchard,  Me 

Old  Richmond,  N.C 

Old  Ripley,  III 

OldBiver,  Ark 


Rank  of 

place. 


poet-vlll 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post'twp 

precinct 

poat-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-Till 

|)o8t.twp 

post-town 

prednct 

city 

city 

post-twp 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

hamlet 

township 

post-Till 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

townsliip 

post-vill 

township 

city 

township 

townsliip 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

village 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

city 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

city 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

hamlet 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 


Connty, 


Fall  BlTor..... 

Fayette- 

Saint  Clair 

Saint  Clair 

Lincoln 

Trego 

Keith„ 

Keith 

Champaign.... 
Champaign.... 

Boone 

Kiley 

Biley 

Lenawee....... 

Monroe- 

Weber  .......... 

Weber 

Saint  Lawrence 

Price 

Ogemaw 

Somei-set 

Macon 

Macon 

Alleghany... 
Calhoan.— ... 


Bureau 

Bureau 

Pnlaski 

Woodford 

Bartholomew. 

Crawford 

Spencer 

Warrick , 

Madison 

Webster 

Franklin 

Morris 

Ness 

Saline 

Sedgwick 

StaSford 

Mississippi 

Richardson.... 

Herkimer 

Clermont 

Gallia 

Monroe , 

Alleghany 

Beaver 

Hand 

Gunnison 

Mercer 

Fillmore 

Perry 

Venango 

Crawford 

Venango 

Wakulla 

San  Miguel.... 
Rio  Arriba..... 

Taos 

Valencia. 

Rio  Arriba 

Lake 

Shelby 

Washington... 
Washington... 

Marshall 

Marshall 

Oklahoma 

Dickinson 

Sully 

Chickasaw 

Brul6 

Kitsap 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Franklin 

Cabarrus- 

Wilson 

Ashe 

Milton 

Lackawanna ... 

McDowell... 

McDowell-. 


Lee-. 

Lycoming.. 
New  London.... 

Salem- 

Campbell.... 

York 

Forsyth 

Bond 

Desha- 


Popnlation. 


397 


923 
284 
483 
148 
114 
1,311 
•£i9 
668 
828 


2,038 
2,967 
6,24<> 
6,069 
10,341 


301 


1,888 

442 

2,498 


1,314 

385 

1,472 

1,973 

880 

1,079 

6,845 

3,4l:t 

879 

633 

798 

695 

190 

60' 

330 


1,4-23 
921 
961 

3,531 

1,429 

1,905 

7:r 

1,376 


1,057 


1,806 
7,315 
1,578 
526 
1,795 


946 
"483 


182 
*i','858 


1,545 
2,285 

673 
1,393 
1,612 
1,034 

948 
1,408 
1,483 


554 
1,387 


1,010 


803 

830 

2,113 

866 

48 

437 

964 

494 

1,4,'« 

334 

689 

978 

173 

2,136 

2,671 

?  12,000 

14,889 

11,662 

775 

272 

151 

1,991 

486 

3,402 

S79 

36 

1,197 

364 

1,396 

2,091 

735 

1,199 

6,671 

3,311 

866 

904 

912 

734 

410 

4C9 

655 

435 

1,377 

826 

832 

3,301 

1,450 

1,891 

661 

1,072 

94 

96 

909 

369 

1,992 

10,932 

1,489 

852 

? 1,900 

366 

215 

82 

462 

149 

297 

1,129 

1,811 

472 

1,104 

334 

4,151 

604 

106 

2,099 

378 

160 

1,495 

3,294 

690 

1,227 

1,660 

989 

978 

4,422 

1,408 

249 

86 

936 

589 

1,319 

1,432 

8.36 

877 

1,228 

1,099 

83 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


OldBiver,  Ark 

Olds,  N.C 

Old  San  Marcial,  N.M.. 

Old  Saybrouk,  Conn 

Old  Store,  8.C.. 

Old  Texas,  Ala 

Oldtown,  Ala 

Oldtown,  Ala 

Oldtown,  Ala 

Oldtown,  Ala 

Oldtown,  Ala 

Oldtown,  III 

Oldtown,  Ky 

Old  Town,  Me 

Oldtown,  Md 

Oldtown,  N.C 

Old  Town,  Va 

Old  Twentieth,  Ga 

Olean,  N.Y 

Oloan,  N.Y 

Olean,  S.D 

Oleander,  Ala. 

Oley,  Pa 

Olga,  N.D 

Olin,  Iowa 

Olin,  N.C 

Olin,  N.C 

Olio,  N.M 

Olive,  III 

Olive,  Ind 

Olive,  Ind 

Olive,  Iowa 

Olive,  Kan 

Olive,  Mich 

Olive,  Mich 

Olive,  Neb 

Olive,  Neb 

Olive,  N.Y 

Olive,  O 

Olive,  0 

Olive,  Tex 

Olive  Branch,  Miss 

Olive  Branch,  Neb 

Olive  Creek.  Ore 

Olive  Hill,  Ky 

Olive  Hill,  N.C 

Oliver,  Mich 

Oliver,  Mich 

Oliver,  Mo 

Oliver,  O 

Oliver,  Pa 

Oliver,  I'a 

Oliver,  Pa 

Oliver  Springs,  Ark 

Oliver  Springs,  Tenn... 

Olivet,  Kan 

Olivet,  Mich 

Olivia,  Minn 

Olmsted,  111 

Olmsted,  0  

Olmsted  Falls,  O 

Oliiey,  Ala 

Olney,  III 

Oluey,  III 

Olney,  Md 

Olney,  Minn 

Olsbnrg,  Kan 

Olso,  S.D 

Olustee,  Fla. 

Olympia,  Ky 

Olympia,  Wash 

Olyphant,  Pa 

Oraadi,  Neb 

Omaha,  Aik 

Omaha,  III 

Omaha,  Neb 

Omaha,  Neb 

Omaha,  Tex 

Omega,  Ark 

Omega,  Idaho 

Omega,  III , 

Omega,  Iowa 

Omen,  Tex 

Omnia,  Kan 

Omphglient,  III 

Omro,  Minn 

Omro,  Wis 

Omro,  Wis 

Oiiaga,  Kan 

Onalaska,  Wis 

Onalaska.  Wis 

Onarga,  III 

Onarga,  111 

Onawa,  Iowa 

O'Neal,  Cal 

O'Neal,  N.C 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

precinct 

towuship 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

district 

township 

mag.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

jH>st-vill 

|)08t-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

towuship 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

towuship 

city 

district 

township 

|>ost-vill 

township 

post-prect 

post-vill 

city 

post-boro' 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-vill 

city 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

l>o8t-vill 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 


County. 


Jefferson -M... 

Greene 

Socorro , 

Middlesex 

Chesterfield... 

Monroe 

Coffee 

Conecuh 

Dallas 

Perry 

Saint  Clair.... 

McLean 

Greenup 

Penol>scot 

Alleghany 

Forsyth 

Grayson 

Paulding , 

Cattaraugus.. 
Cattaraugus.. 

Spink 

Marshall 

Berks 

Cavalier 

Jones 

Iredell 

Iredell 

San  Juan 

Madison 

Elkhart 

Saint  Joseph., 

Clinton 

Decatur 

Clinton 

Ottawa 

Butler 

Saline 

Ulster 

Meigs 

Noble 

Hardin 

De  Soto 

liancaster 

Grant 

Carter , 

Person 

Huron 

Kalkaska 

Taney , 

Adams 

Jefferson 

Mifflin 

Perry 

Crawford 

Anderson 


Eaton 

Renville 

Pulaski 

Cuyahoga 

Cuyahoga 

Pickens 

Richland 

Richland 

Montgomery... 

Nobles 

Pottawatomie.. 

Brookings 

Baker 

Bath 

Thurston 

Lackawanna... 

Dakota 

Boone 

Gallatin 

Douglas 

Thurston 

Morris 

Perry 

Bois6 

Marion 

O'Brien 

Smith 

Cowley 

Madison 

Yellow  Med-.. 

Winnebago 

Winnebago 

Pottawatomie.. 

La  CroBse 

La  Crosse 

Iroquois 

Iroquois 

Monona 

San  Joaquin-.. 
Johnston 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,696 
2,866 


1,302 
2,1(16 
1,062 

284 
2,005 
1,456 
1,706 

804 
1,027 
2,:i62 
3,395 
1,194 
1,060 
3,084 
1,116 
6,575 
3,03( 


1,291 
2,175 


3C2 
1,084 


862 
1,397 
1,901 
1,453 


1,372 
1,6()1 
601 
300 
2,927 
2,244 
2,332 


73 
749 
88 
56 
1,611 
194 


869 
1,064 
1,305 
1,380 

811 


682 

620 

48 

57 

1,817 

404 

1,353 

4,851 

3,512 

284 


206 


•1,232 

2,094 

916 

273 

187 

30,518 


1,055 


461 
1,308 

139 
2,694 
1,476 

242 
1,090 

826 
2,249 
1,061 

882 
2,740 
1,932 


1,452 

l,40i 
111 

1,484 

2,363 

1,110 

426 

1,648 

1,673 

1,659 

613 

906 

2,190 

6,312 

871 

1,473 

3,400 

932 

11,507 

7,358 

181 

1,523 

2,098 

722 

619 

1,142 

81 

108 

697 

1,375 

2,111 

1,247 

309 

1,245 

],'J08 

675 

1,193 

2,049 

2,051 

2,604 

383 

199 

779 

52 

186 

1,610 

692 

131 

867 

1,051 

1,302 

1,099 

9C9 

086 

643 

867 

790 

263 

203 

1,826 

342 

847 

4,951 

3,831 

3,216 

257 

185 

480 

435 

303 

4,698 

4,083 

1,028 

532 

428 

140,452 

498 

219 

45 

261 

1,031 

508 

508 

482 

1,472 

407 

2,270 

1,232 

423 

1,030 

1,587 

2,145 

994 

1,358 

3,287 

2,276 


174 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


ONeal,  S.C. 

O'Neal's  Mills,  Ga.... 

Uiieco,  III 

Oneida,  Cal 

Oneida,  Idaho 

Oneida,  111 

Oneida,  Iowa. 

Oneida,  Iowa , 

Oneida,  Kan 

Oneida,  Mich 

Oneida,  Neb 

Oneida,  N.Y , 

Oneida,  Pa 

Oneida,  S.D 

Oneida,  S.D 

Oneida  Castle,  N.Y., 

O'Neil,  Ga 

O'Neill,  Neb 

Oneka,  Minn 

Onekama,  Mich 

Oneonta,  N.Y 

Oneonta,  N.Y 

Oneota,  Minn 

Oneofa,  S.D 

Onion  I'eak,  Ore , 

Onondaga,  Mich 

Onondaga,  N.Y , 

Onota,  Mich , 

Onslow,  Iowa 

Onslad,  Minn 

Ontario,  Cal , 

Ontario,  Cal 

Ontario,  III 

Ontario,  N.Y 

Ontario,  N.D 

Ontario,  N.D 

Ontario,  Ore 

Ontario,  S.D , 

Ontelaunee,  Pa 

Ontonagon,  Mich.... 

Ontwa,  Mich 

Ooltewah,  Tenn,.... 

Ooslanaula,  Ga , 

Opelika,  Ala 

Opelika,  Ala , 

Opelousas,  La 

Opequon,  Va 

Opequon,  W.  Va 

Ophdal,  S.D 

Ophir,  Cal 

Ophir,Col , 

Ophir,  Col 

Ophir,  111 

Ophir,  N.C 

Ophir,  Utah 

Opolis,  Kan 

Oppenheim,  N.Y.... 

Opposition,  Ga 

Ops,  N.D 

Ora,  III 

Ora,  N.D 

Oran,  111 

Oran,  Iowa 

Oran,  Mo 

Orange,  Cal 

Orange,  Cal 

Orange,  Conn 

Orange,  III 

Orange,  III 

Orange,  Ind 

Orange,  Ind 

Orange,  Ind 

Orange,  Iowa 

Orange,  Iowa 

Orange,  Iowa 

Oratige,  Kan 

Orange,  Kan 

Orange,  Mass 

Orange,  Mich 

Orange,  Mich 

Orange,  Minn 

Orange,  Neb 

Orange,  N.H 

Orange,  N.J 

Orange,  N.Y 

Orange,  0 

Orange,  0 

Orange,  0 

Orange,  0 

Orange,  O 

Orange,  0 

Orange,  O 

Orange,  Pa 

Orange,  S.C 

Orange,  Tex 

Orange,  Vt 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

city 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

city 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

city 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

mag.-ilist 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

post-town 


County. 


Greenville 

Troup 

Stephenson 

Sierra 

Bingham 

Knox 

Delaware 

Tuma 

Nemaha 

Eaton 

Kearney 

Madison 

Huntingdon 

Sanborn 

Sully 

Oneida 

Talbot 

Holt 

Washington  .... 

Manistee 

Otsego 

Otsego. 

St.  Louis 

Brown 

Tillamook 

Ingham 

Onondaga 

Alger 

Jones 

Polk 

San  Bernardino 
San  Bernardino 

Knox 

Wayne 

Ramsey 

Wells 

Malheur 

Hand 

Berks 

Ontonagon 


James 

Gordon 

Lee 

Lee 

Saint  Landry... 

Frederick 

Berkeley 

Hamlin 

Butte 

San  Miguel 

San  Miguel 

La  Salle , 

Montgomery..., 

Tooele 

Crawford 

Fulton 

Putnam 

Walsh 

Jackson 

Nelson 

Logan 

Fayette , 

Scott 

Orange 

Orange 

New  Haveu 

Clark 

Knox 

Fayette 

Noble 

Bush 

Black  Hawk... 

Clinton 

Guthrie 

Lincoln 

Norton 

Franklin 

Ionia 

Kalkaska 

Douglas 

Dawes 

Grafton 

Essex 

Schuyler,... 

Ashland 

Carroll 

Cuyahoga 

Delaware 

Hancock 

Meigs 

Shelby 

Columbia 

Orangeburg 

Orange 

Orange 


Population. 


2,267 

1,452 

1,676 

182 


919 
1,453 

874 

163 
2,6.52 

348 
3,934 

363 


239 

1,312 

57 

379 

684 
4,461 
3,002 

123 


1,453 

6,358 

420 

233 


1,657 
2,962 


1,265 

780 

1,145 

263 

821 

6,487 

3,245 

1,676 

3,003 

1,606 


3,TZS 


130 
979 
501 
392 


1,845 
729 


1,048 


1,002 
874 


679 
3,341 
1,183 
1,130 

812 
2,037 
1,301 

861 
1,056 

400 

578 


3,169 

1,521 

324 

273 


335 

13,207 

2,020 

1,448 

1,327 

783 

1,227 

1,451 

922 

984 

901 

6,046 


731 


2,616 

1,541 

1,453 

168 

805 

699 

1,554 

773 

311 

2,930 

256 

6,083 

401 

209 

172 

317 

1,279 

1,226 

717 

1,082 

8,018 

6,272 

74 

394 

137 

l,3!t2 

5,136 

161 

237 

178 

1,229 

683 

],3:i7 

2,611 

147 

72 

280 

142 

1,129 

1,564 

929 

233 

791 

6,875 

3,703 

1,572 

3,068 

1,739 

356 

2,210 

140 

113 

843 

686 

249 

178 

1,563 

884 

363 

1,629 

196 

943 

864 

271 

2,721 

866 

4,537 

1,169 

851 

761 

1,943 

1,050 

824 

866 

627 

604 

229 

4,568 

1,311 

383 

343 

306 

245 

18,844 

1,557 

1,294 

2,705 

806 

973 

1,448 

1,021 

1,012 

1,000 

7,696 

3,173 

589 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Orange,  Va. 

Orange,  Wis 

Orangeburg,  Ky 

Orangeburg,  C.-H.,  S.C. 

Orange  City,  Iowa 

Orange  Creek,  Fla 

Orange  Park,  Fla 

Orangetown,  N.Y 

Orangeville,  III 

Orangeville,  Ind 

Orangeville,  Mich 

Orangeville,  N.Y 

Orangeville,  Utah 

Orangeville,  Utah 

Oraville,  111 

Orbisonia,  Pa 

Orcas  Island,  Wash 

Orchard,  Col 

Ord,  Neb 

Old,  Neb 

Ord,  Neb 

Orderville,  Utah 

Orderville,  Utah 

Ordway,  Col 

Ordway,  S.D. 

Oreana,  Idaho 

Oregon,  Cal 

Oregon,  Ga 

Oregon,  III 

Oregon,  III 

Oregon,  111 

Oregon,  Ind 

Oregon,  Ind 

Oregon,  Iowa 

Oregon,  Mich 

Oregon,  Mo 

Oregon,  0 

Oregon,  Pa 

Oregon,  Wis 

Oregon,  Wis 

Oregon  City,  Ore 

Oregon  City,  Ore 

Orel,  III 

Orford,  N.H 

Organ,  N.M 

Orient,  Iowa 

Orient,  Iowa 

Orient,  Me 

Orient,  Mich 

Orient,  N.Y 

Orient,  S.D 

Orion,  Ala. 

Orion,  111 

Orion,  111 

Orion,  Mich 

Orion,  Mich 

Orion,  Minn 

Orion,  Wis 

Oriska,  N.D 

Oriskaiiy,  N.Y 

Oriskany  Falls,  N.Y 

Orland,  Cal 

Orland,  III 

Orland,  Me 

Orland,  S.D 

Orlando,  Fla 

Orlando,  Kan 

Orleans,  Cal 

Orleans,  Ind 

Orleans,  Ind 

Orleans,  Iowa 

Orleans,  Md 

Orleans,  Mass 

Orleans,  Mich 

Orleans,  Neb 

Orleans,  Neb 

Orleans,  N.Y 

Orleans,  Ore 

Ormond,  Fla , 

Ormondsville,  N.C 

Orneville,  Me 

Oro,  Cal 

OroCity,  Col 

Oro  City,  Col 

Oro  Grande,  &c.,  Cal.... 

Orono,  Iowa 

Orono,  Me 

Orono,  Minn 

Oronoco,  Minn 

Oronoko,  Mich 

Oroville,  Cal 

Orr.Ga 

Orrick,  Mo 

Orrick,  Mo..... 

Orrington,  Me 

Orrock,  Minn 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

piecinct 

post-town 

township 

|)ost-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

village 

post-boro' 

post-prect 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

township 

city 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

city 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

poKt-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

city 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

district 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 


County. 


Orange , 

Juneau 

Mason 

Orangeburg.., 

Sioux 

Lee 

Clay 

Rockland 

Stephenson... 

Orange , 

Barry 

Wyoming 

Emery 

Emery „ 

Jackson 

Huntingdon., 

San  Juan 

Morgan 

Antelope 

Valley 

Valley 

Kane 

Kane 

Otero 

Brown , 

Owyhee 

Butte 

Cobb 


Ogle 

Ogle 

Clarke 

Starke 

Washington, 

Lapeer 

Holt 

Lucas 

Wayne 

Dane ,.. 

Dane 

Clackamas... 
Clackamas... 

Wayne 

G  rat  ton 

Donna  Ana.. 

Adair 

Adair 

Aroostook.... 

Osceola 

Suffolk 

Faulk 

Pike 

Fulton 

Henry 

Oakland 

Oakland 

Olmsted....... 

Richland 

Barnes , , 

Oneida 

Oneida 

Glenn 

Cook 

Hancock 

Lake 

Orange 

Cheyenne 

Humboldt..., 

Orange 

Orange 

Winneshiek, 
Alleghany.., 
Barnstable... 

Ionia 

Harlan 

Harlan 

Jefferson 

Linn 

Volusia. 

Greene 

Piscataquis.. 

Butte 

Lake , 

Lake 

San  Bernardino. 
Muscatine.., 
Penobscot.. , 
Hennepin... 

Olmsted 

Berrien 

Butte 

Spalding...... 

Ray 

Ray 

Penobscot... 
Sherburne... 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


547 

638 

1,877 

2,140 

320 


8,077 

326 

816 

1,096 

1,164 


706 


181 
614 
614 


1,910 
1,241 


1,765 

1,088 
1,315 

706 
1,367 
1,420 

802 
2,321 

641 
1,514 

527 
1,707 
1,263 


1,050 


508 
31 
224 
608 
786 


1,286 
1,308 
604 
1,292 
429 
645 
733 


597 

598 

292 

1,208 

1,689 


447 

1,830 

812 

636 

1,016 

1,294 

1,666 

970 

409 

2,318 

406 


621 
2,245 


916 
1,812 
1,743 
1,229 


193 

1,629 

858 

175 


571. 

694 

1,957 

2,964 

1,246 

103 

223 

10,343 

347 

749 

968 

1,148 

363 

313 

125 

963 

643 

169 

289 

1,603 

1,208. 

339. 

289 

148 

531  i 

185, 

1,010 

1,301 

753- 

1,951 

1,660 

1,149 

773 

1,130 

1,295 

943 

3,160 

452 

1,436 

695. 

3,167 

3,062. 

1,586 

916 

101; 

801 

130 

244. 

707.. 

808. 

155i 
1,829. 
1,289; 

624; 

1,297: 
622 

639; 

665, 

201, 

860 

625, 

440 

1,163 

1,.'.90 

300 

2,866 

139 

317, 

1,865 

857-. 

668 

910 

1,217 

1,397 

1,149 

812 

2,196 

47» 

239 

1,082 

492 

284 

618 

222 

653 

470 

2,790 

872 

789 

1,815 

1,787 

1,331 

1,682 

370 

l,40a 

469 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Kktne  of  place  and 
•Ute. 


Orr  Spiinir.Tenii..., 

OiTitiiwn,  P»..._ 

Orrvillf,  AU 

OrrvlUe,  Ala 

QrrtllU'.  O 

Ortliel,  I»nr» 

Ortliig,  Wash 

Ortlng,  Wiiah 

Ortonville,  Midi.... 
Ortonville,  Miuii..., 
Ortonville,  Miun.... 

Orril,  III 

Orrll,  NJ 

Orvlllr,  Neb 

Orwell,  Minn 

Orwell,  N.Y 

Orwell,  0 

Orwell,  Pa 

Orwell,  Vt 

Orwigsburg,  Pa 

Oiage,  Ark 

Odage,  Ark 

Oaagc,  Ark 

Osage,  III 

Oeage,  Iowa. 

Oiace,  Iowa 

Osago,  Kan 

Osage,  Kan 

Osuge,  Knn 

Osage,  Kan 

Osage,  Kan 

Osage,  Mo 

Osage,  Mo 

Osiige,  Mo 

Osiipe,  Mo 

Osnge,  Mo 

Osage,  Mo 

Osage,  Mo 

Osage,  Mo 

Osage,  Mo 

Osngo,  Mo 

Osage,  Mo 

Osage,  Nob 

Osage  City,  Kan 

Osuge  Mission,  Kan, 

Osago,  N.D 

Osakis,  Miun 

Osakis,  Minn 

Osawatomie,  Kan... 
Osawatumie,  Kan... 

Osboni,  Mo 

Osborn,  O 

Osborn,  Pa 

Osborn,  Wis 

Osborne,  Kan- 

Osborne,  Kan 

Osborne,  Minn 

Osbnrn,  Idaho 

Osburn,  Neb 

Oscar,  Minn 

Osceola,  Ark 

Osceola,  III 

Osceola,  Iowa 

Osceola,  Iowa 

Osceola,  Iowa. 

Osceola,  Ky 

Osceola,  Mich 

Osceola,  Mich < 

Osceola,  Mich 

Osceola,  Minn , 

Osceola,  Mo , 

Osceola,  Mo 

Oiiceola,  Neb „„. 

Osceola,  Neb 

Osceola,  N.Y 

Osceola,  Pa 

Osceola,  S.D 

Osceola,  S.D 

Osceola,  Wis 

Osceola,  Wis 

Osceola  Mills,  Mich. 
Osceola  Mills,  Pa.... 
Osceola  Mills,  Wis.. 
Osceola  Mine,  Mich 

Osco,  111 

Oscoda,  Mich 

Oscoda,  Mich 

Osgood,  Ind 

Osgood,  Neb 

Osgood, O 

Oshawa,  Minn 

Oshkosli,  Minn 

Oshkosli,  Wis 

Oshkosh,  Wis 

Oshtemo,  Mich 

Osier,  Col 

176 


Bank  of 
place. 


cirll-dist 
posl-boro' 
precinct 
post-vill 

post-Till 

township 

precinct 

post-vlll 

post-vill 

township 

city 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-boro' 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

borough 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townshif) 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

township 

village 

post-boro' 

|iost-viU 

village 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-prect 


County. 


WeakUy 

Franklin 

Dallas 

Dallas 

Wayne 

Hancock 

Pierce 

Plerca , 

Oakland...,, 
Big  Stone..., 
Big  Stone.... 

Logan 

Bergen 

Hamilton. M. 
Otter  Tail... 

Oswego 

Ashtabula... 
Bradford.... 

Addison 

Schuylkill.. 

Benton 

Carroll 

Newton 

La  Salle 

Mitchell 

Mitchell 

Allen 

Bourbon 

Crawford.... 

Labette 

Miiinil 

Bates 

Camden 

Cole 

Crawford.... 

Dent 

Henry 

Laclede..  ... 

Miller 

Morgan 

Saint  Clair,. 

Vernon 

Otoe 


Neosho 

Nelson 

Douglas , 

Douglas 

Miami 

Miami 

De  Kalb 

Greene 

Alleghany 

Outagamie 

Osborne 

Sumner 

Pipe  Stone 

Shoshone 

Frontier 

Otter  Tail 

Mississippi 

Stark 

Clarke 

Clarke 

Franklin 

Green 

Houghton 

Livingston .... 

Osceola 

Renville 

Saint  Clair .... 

Saint  Clair 

Polk..i 

Polk , 

Lewis , 

Tioga 

Brown , 

Grant 

Fond  du  Lac. 

Polk 

Houghton  ...., 

Clearfield , 

Polk , 

Houghton 

Henry , 

Iosco 

Iosco 

Kipley 

Lincoln 

Darke 

Nicollet 

Yellow  Med.. 
Winnebago... 
Winnebago... 
Kalamazoo.... 
CouejOB 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


984 
302 

1,414 
270 

1,441 


308 
709 


1,621 


485 


l,^50 

973 

1,307 

1,,351 

792 

3,234 

663 

267 

1,104 

2,563 

2,012 

769 

1,234 

1,603 

1,,394 

1,196 

1,330 

1,244 

1,196 

780 

2.58 

1,010 

1,041 

2,383 

1,022 


1,052 

66(J 

2,098 

1,306 


462 
252 
1,909 
681 
412 
C50 


612 
719 
485 
244 


C48 
317 
1,519 
2,401 
1,769 
856 
1,990 


1,022 

1,318 
72 

1,162 
373 

1,315 
627 
666 
790 


1,363 
1,297 


1,253 
811 


1,094 

1,998 

1,951 

768 


581 
207 

1,384 
16,748 

1,429 


1,183 
202 

1,467 
321 

1,706 
281 
986 
023 
313 
113 
768 

l,50:i 

1,090 
832 
191 

1,370 

9:in 

1,021 

l,2l» 

1,290 

3,737 

618 

394 

1,030 

2,345 

1,913 

1,006 

l,3(t5 

2,169 

1,583 

1,193 

6,314 

1,930 

1,342 

1,046 

438 

1,161 

l,n26 

3,I,W 

1,369 

694 

1,312 

600 

3,469 

1,097 

164 

479 

472 

.3,618 

662 

373 

713 

221 

685 

1,174 

638 

267 

259 

665 

742 

458 

1,484 

572 

2,120 

859 

2,021 

3,630 

914 

1,.550 

153 

2,065 

995 

2,196 

947 

687 

838 

141 

284 

1,272 

1,067 

566 

1,730 

384 

1,413 

841 

3,848 

3,593 

841 

96 

242 

579 

349 

1,489 

22,8;i6 

1,206 

167 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


OskalooM,  III 

Oskaloosa,  Iowa..., 
Oskaloosa,  Iowa.,,, 

Oskaloosa,  Knn 

Oskaloosa,  Kan 

Osnabruck, N.D 

Osnabnrg,  0 

Osolo,  lud 

Osseo,  Minn 

Ossian,  Iowa 

Ossian,  N.Y 

Ossineke,  Mich 

Osslning,  N.Y 

Ossipev,  N.H 

Ostrander,  O 

Oswayo,  Pa 

Oswegatchie,  N.Y.. 

Oswego,  III 

Oswego,  III 

Oswego,  Kan 

Oswego,  Kan 

Oswego,  N.Y 

Oswego,  N.Y 

Oswego,  Ore 

Oswego,  Ore _ 

Oswego  Falls,  N.Y. 

Oswichee,  Ala 

Osyka,  Miss 

Otay,  Cal 

Otego,  III 

Ofego,  N.Y 

Otho,  Ala 

Otis,  Col 

Otis,  Col 

Otis,  Me 

Otis,  Mass 

Otis,  Minn 

Otis,  Nel 

Otisco,  Mich 

Otisco,  Minn 

Otisco,  N.Y 

OtisfieUI,  Mo 

Otisville,  Mich 

Oto,  Iowa 

Olo,  Iowa 

Otoe,  Neb 

Otranto,  Iowa 

Otrey,  Minn 

Otsego,  Ind 

Otsego,  Mich 

Otsego,  Mich 

Otsego,  Minn 

Otsego,  N.Y 

Otsego,  Wis 

Otsego  Lake,  Mich 

Otselic,  N.Y 

Ottawa,  111 

Ottawa,  III 

Ottawa,  Kan 

Ottawa,  Kan 

Ottawa,  Kan 

Ottawa,  Minn 

Ottawa,  0 

Ottawa,  0 

Ottawa,  0 

Ottawa,  Wis 

Otter,  Ark 

Otter,  Iowa 

Otter,  Kan 

Otter,  Va 

Otter,  W.  Va....;.... 

Otter,  W.  Va 

Otter  Creek,  111 , 

Otter  Creek,  111 

Otter  Creek,  Ind...., 
Otter  Creek,  Ind.... 
Otter  Creek,  Iowa.. 
Otter  Creek,  Iowa.. 
Otter  Creek,  Iowa.. 
Otter  Creek,  Iowa.. 
Otter  Creek,  Iowa.. 
Otter  Creek,  Kan- 
Otter  Creek,  Ky.... 
Otter  Creek,  Neb... 
Otter  Creek,  N.C... 

Otter  Creek,  Pa 

Otter  Creek,  \Vis..„ 
Otter  Creek,  Wis.... 
Otter  Lake,  Mich... 

Otter  River,  Va 

Otter  Tail,  Minn.... 

Otterville,  111 

Otterville,  Mo 

Otterville,  Mo 

Otto,  III 

Otto,  Mich 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-twp 

township 

post-Till 

township 

post-vill 

tK)8t-twp 

pOSt'tW]) 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

I>08t-town 

IK)«ttwp 

township 

I)ost-towii 

|K>8t-Vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

township 

city 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-prect 

|)Ost-town 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vlll 

township 

post-town 

townxhip 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

Itost-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

city 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

niag.-dist 

mag.-diut 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

tow^nship 


County. 


C1»T 

MauHska 

Mahaska 

Jeflfeison 

Jetferson 

Cavalier.... 

Stark  

KIkhart 

Hennepin 

Winneshiek 

Livingston 

Alpena 

Westchoster 

Can-oll 

Delaware 

Potter 

Saint  Lawrence 

Kendall 

Kendall 

Labette 

Labette 

Oswego 

Oswego 

Clackamas 

Clackamas 

Oswego 

Russell 

Pike 

San  Diego 

Fayette 

Otsego 

Henry 

Washington 

Washington 

Hancock 

Berkshire 

Yellow  Med 

Hamilton 

Ionia 

Waseca 

Onondaga 

Cuinl>erlaud 

Genesee 

Woodbury 

Woodbury 

Otoe 

Mitchell 

Big  Stone 

Steuben 

Allegan 

Allegan 

Wright 

Otsego 

Columbia 

Otsego 

Chenango 

La  Salle 

LaSallp 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Ottawa 

Le  Sueur 

Allen 

Putnam 

Putnam 

Waukesha 

Saline 

Warren 

Cowley 

Bedford 

Braxton 

Clay 

La  Salle 

Jersey 

Ripley  

Vigo 

Crawford 

Jackson 

Linn 

Lucas 

Tama 

Greenwood 

Clay 

Dixon 

Edgecombe 

Mercer..... 

Dunn 

I^u  Claire 

Lapeer 

Campbell 

Otter  Tail 

Jersey 

Cooper 

Cooper 

Kankakee. 

Oceana 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


1,035 
7,986 
4,698 
2,000 
725 


2,298 

1,031 

206 

444 

1,204 

244 

8,709 

1,782 

269 

883 

2,881 

1,718 

603 

042 

2,351 

3,022 

21,116 

430 

9(5 

1,8;jl 

2,868 

542 


1,02:$ 
1,918 
1,776 


804 
785 
48 
546 

2,172 
916 

1,558 
927 
349 


1,013 

084 

138 

1,347 

2,340 

1,000 

740 

4,690 

1,212 

590 

1,,'->12 

7,598 

7,8;M 

],23(; 

4,032 

652 

567 

7,669 

3,177 

1,293 

841 

376 

1,002 

446 

4,236 

2,138 

629 

925 

1,324 

1,690 

1,.337 

676 

891 

930 

767 

997 

882 

372 


828 

6.30 

219 
1,060 

30l> 

3,834 

46 

223 
1,310 

505 
1,543 

148 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Otto,  Minn 

Otto,  N.Y 

Otto,  Pa 

Ottumwa,  Iowa 

Ottnmwa,  Kan 

Ouachita,  Arl< 

Ouachita,  Arlt 

Ouactiita,  Arl< 

Ouachita,  Aric 

Ouachita,  Arli 

Ough,  Neb 

Ouray,  Col 

Ouray,  Col 

Ousley,  Ga 

Overbrook,  Kan 

OvcrfieUl,  Pa 

Overiael,  Mich 

Overton,  Neb 

Overton,  Pa 

Overton,  Tex 

Ovid,  Idaho 

Ovid,  Mich 

Ovid,  Mich 

Ovid,  Mich 

Ovid,  N.Y 

Ovid,  N.Y 

Ovid,  N.D 

Owasco,  N.Y 

Owatonna,  Miun 

Owalonna,  Minn 

Owatonna,  S.D 

Owego,  III „.. 

Owego,  N.Y 

Owego,  N.D 

Owen,  Ala 

Owen,  Ark 

Owen,  Ark 

Owen,  Ark 

Owen,  Ark 

Owen,  Ark 

Owen,  111 

Owen,  Ind 

Owen,  Ind 

Owen,  Ind 

Owen,  Ind 

Owen,  Iowa 

Owensborough,  Ky 

Owen's  Cross  Roads,  Ala 

Owensville,  Ind 

Owenton,  Ky 

Owenton,  Ky 

Owing's  Mills,  Md 

Owingsville,  Ky 

Owingsville,  Ky 

Owl  Creek,  Kan 

Owltown,  Ga 

Owosso,  Mich 

Owo.sso,  Mich 

Owyhee,  Ore 

Oxanna,  Ala 

Ox  Creek,  N.D 

Oxen  Hill,  Md 

Oxford,  Ala 

Oxford,  Ala 

Oxford,  Col 

Oxford,  Conn 

Oxford,  &c.,  Fla 

Oxford,  Ga 

Oxford,  Idaho 

Oxford,  III 

Oxford,  Ind 

Oxford,  Iowa.„ 

Oxford,  Iowa 

Oxford,  Iowa 

Oxford,  Kan 

Oxford,  Kan 

Oxford,  Kan 

Oxford,  Ky 

Oxford,  Ky 

Oxford,  Me 

Oxford,  Md 

Oxford,  Mass 

Oxford,  Mich 

Oxford,  Mich 

Oxford,  Miun 

Oxford,  Miss 

Oxford,  Neb 

Oxford,  N.J 

Oxford,  N.Y 

Oxford,  N.Y 

Oxford,  N.C 

Oxford,  N.C 

Oxford,  N.D 

Oxford,  0 

Oxford,  0 

Oxford,  O „. 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

post-prect 

post-town 

niHg.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

rail.-dist 

township 

city 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

district 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

poBt-vill 

township 


County. 


Otter  Tail 

Cattaraugus.. 

McKean 

Wapello , 

Coftey 

Bradley 

Garland 

Hot  Spring..., 
Montgomery , 

Polk 

Dundy 

Ouray ^ 

Ouray „.. 

Lowndes 


Wyoming..., 

Allegan 

Dawson 

Bradford...... 

Rusk 

Bear  Lake.., 

Branch 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Seneca 

Sonera 

La  Moure.. .. 

Cayuga 

Steele 

Steele 

Potter _ 

Livingston.. 

Tioga 

Ransom , 

Escambia..... 

Dallas 

Lincoln 

Poinsett 

Pulaski 

Saline 

Winnebago.. 

Clarke , 

Clinton , 

Jackson 

Warrick 

Cerro  Gordo. 

Daviess 

Madison 

Gibson , 

Owen 

Owen 

Baltimore.... 

Bath 

Bath 

Woodson 

Union 

Shiawassee.. 
Sliiawassee.. 

Malheur , 

Calhoun 

Rolette 

Prince  George's 

Calhoun 

Calhoun 

Otero , 

New  Haven. 

Sumter 

Newton 

Bingham.... 

Henry , 

Benton 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Jones , 

Johnson 

Sumner 

Sumner 

Scott 

Scott 

Oxford , 

Talbot , 

Worcester..., 

Oakland 

Oakland 

Isanti , 

Lafayette...., 

Furnas 

Warren 

Chenango..., 
Chenango... 

Granville 

Granville.... 

Rolette 

Butler 

Butler 

Coshocton... 


Population. 


1,111 

4,277 

9,004 

753 

438 

172 

1,047 


477 


864 
1,011 


394 
1,611 


603 
353 


1,181 
3,174 
1,479 
3,509 
705 


1,297 

584 

3,161 


975 
9,884 


862 

582 

879 

815 

1,540 

1,698 

1,517 

451 

6,231 


685 

3,717 

654 


2,576 
773 


1,217 
2,501 


1,289 

2,207 

780 


1,120 


654 


1,367 

713 

1,4S6 

560 

1,397 

1,950 

1,052 

403 

906 

64 

1,655 

689 

2,604 

1,887 

851 

91 

1,534 


4,594 
3,035 
1,209 
3,938 
1,349 


3,644 
1,743 
1,201 


456 

1,042 

2,429 

14,001 

1,014 

230 

157 

1,(X)6 

418 

622 

289 

2,789 

2,534 

71,100 

172 

391 

1,788 

675 

775 

401 

274 

1,036 

2.835 

1,423 

3,651 

641 

54 

1,162 

556 

3,849 

144 

877 

9,008 

126 

916 

1,276 

622 

298 

943 

482 

762 

700 

1,170 

1,722 

1,475 

519 

9,837 

961 

759 

3,105 

847 

212 

2,911 

763 

738 

365 

1^191 

6,564 

79 

748 

260 

1,265 

2,528 

1,473 

368 

902 

3,414 

791 

609 

949 

808 

1,309 

515 

1,643 

1,9U 

1,448 

665 

918 

83 

1,455 

1,1.35 

2,616 

2,080 

1,128 

2.35 

1,546 

428 

4,002 

3,1.38 

1,477 

6,793 

2,907 

73 

3,689 

1,922 

1,047 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Oxford,  0 

Oxford,  0 

Oxford,  0 , 

Oxford,  O 

O.xford,  Pa >...., 

Oxford,  Pa 

Oxford,  S.D 

Oxford,  Wis 

Oxford  Junction,  Iowa 

Oxmoor,  Ala 

Oyster  Bay,  N.Y 

Oysterville,  Wash 

Ozan,  Ark 

Ozan,  Ark 

Ozark,  Ala 

Ozark,  .\la 

Ozark,  Ark 

Ozark,  Ark 

0/ark,  Kan 

Ozark,  Mo 

Ozark,  Mo 

Ozark,  Mo 

Ozark,  Mo. 

Ozark,  Mo 

Ozark,  Mo... 

Ozawkie,  Kan 

Ozernoy,  Alaska. 

Ozone  Park,  N.Y 

Pablo,  Fla 

Pablo  Beach,  Fla 

Pacheco,  Cal 

Pacific,  Cal 

Pacific,  Mo 

Pacific,  Wis 

Pacific  Grove,  Cal 

Pacific  Junction,  Iowa 

Packer,  Pa 

Packwaukee,  Wis 

Pacolet,  S.O 

Pacolet  Mills,  S.C 

Pactolu8,N.C 

Paddock,  Minn 

Paddock,  Nob 

Paddock,  Neb 

Paden,  Ala — 

Padonia,  Kan 

Padua,  111 

Paducah,  Ky 

Page,  N.D 

Pahaquarry,  N.J 

Palireah,  Utah 

Pahsamaroi,  Idaho 

Paimute,  Alaska 

Painesville,  0 

Paiiiesville,  0 

Paint,  Ky 

Paint,  O 

Paint,  0 

Paint,  0 

Paint,  0 

Paint,  0 

Paint,  0 

Paint,  Pa 

Paint,  Pa 

Paint  Creek,  Iowa 

Painted  Post,  N.Y 

Painted  Woods,  N.D.... 

Painterhood,  Kan 

Paint  Rock,  Ala 

Paint  Rock,  Ala 

Paint  Rock,  Tex 

Paintsville,  Ky 

Paintsville.  Ky 

Pajarito,  N.M 

Pajaro,  Cal 

Pajaro,  Cal 

Pakwik,  Alaska 

Pala,  Cal 

Palarm,  Ark 

Palatine,  111 

Palatine,  111 

Palatine,  N.Y 

Palatine,  S.D 

Palatine,  W.  Va. 

Palatka,  Fla 

Palatka  Heights,  Fla... 

Palenville,  N.  Y 

Palermo,  Iowa 

Palermo,  Me 

Palermo,  N.Y.... 

Palestine,  Ark 

Palestine,  Ark 

Palestine,  Fla 

Palestine,  111 

Palestine,  111 

Palestiuu,  111 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

post-twp 

post  town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

hamlet 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

lK>8t-town 

post-twp 

township 

[Kjst-lwp 

post-twp 

village 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-twp 

city 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

hamlet 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-twp  . 

township 

township 

township 

township 

town.ship 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

township 

hamlet 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

|)ost-viU 

village 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

poet-town 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 


County. 


Delaware 

Erie 

Guernsey.  ... 
Tuscarawas., 

Adams 

Chester 

Hamlin 

JIarquettc... 

Jones 

Jefferson 

Queens 

Pacific 

Hempstead.. 
Hempstead.. 

Dale 

Dale 

Franklin 

Polk 

Anderson 

Barry , 

Barton 

Christian , 

Lawrence...., 

Texas 

Webster 

Jefferson 


Queens 

Duval 

Duval 

Contra  Costa.. 

Hunilioldt 

Franklin 

Columbia 

Monterey 

Mills 

Carbon 

Maiquette 

Sjiarianburg. . 
Spartanburg.. 

Pitt 

Otter  Tail 

Gage 

Holt 

Cherokee 

Brown 

McLean , 

McCracken 

Cass 

Warren 

Kane , 

Custer 


Lake 

Lake 

Morgan 

Fayette 

Highland...., 

Holmes 

Madison 

Ross , 

Wayne 

Clarion 

Somerset .... 
Allamakee  ., 

Steuben 

Burleigh , 

Elk , 

Jackson 

Marshall 

Concho 

Johnson , 

Johnson , 

Bernalillo... 
Monterey,..,, 
Santa  Cruz., 


San  Diego 

Faulkner 

Cook 

Cook 

Montgomery.., 

Aurora 

Marion 

Putnam , 

Putnam , 

Greene 

Grundy 

Waldo 

Oswego , 

Bradley , 

Snint  Francis., 

Bradford 

Crawford 

Randolph 

Woodford , 


Population. 


1,266 
1,231 
1,615 
1,908 
851 
1,502 


532 
349 
048 
11,023 
125 
4,021 


1,712 
612 
824 
340 
636 


250 

235 
1,644 

476 
2,633 

965 


4(X) 
2,293 
1,275 

219 


123 

490 

691 

1,851 


2,89S 

14 

712 


750 
1,,505 
8,036 


418 
94 


5,516 
3,841 

958 
2,045 
2,476 
1,381 
1,429 
1,1,53 
1,474 

573 
1,236 
1,156 

701 


1,805 
310 


743 
1,974 

731 
2,786 


655 
1,616 


1,523 

1,118 

1,996 

629 


1,.504 

177 


1,306 

1,041 

1,504 

2,319 

905 

1,711 

287 

507 

752 

556 

13,870 

197 

4,318 

91 

3,067 

1,195 

862 

1,049 

1,021 

79'4 

1,540 

490 

1,842 

755 

2,536 

1,078 

4A 

639 

282 

25T 

232 

3,120 

1,184 

255 

1,336 

744 

665 

711 

2,658 

1,125 

1,768 

317 

1,103 

526 

786 

928 

1,264 

12,797 

205 

291 

bX 

H 
65 

7,558 

4,765 

1,366 

2,325 

2,269 

1,264 

1,129 

1,074 

1,333 

600 

1,461 

1,082 

688 

117 

682 

1,429 

745 

323 

1,304 

506 

381 

1,428 

4,821 

93 

216 

1,160 

2,049 

891 

2,871 

268 

860 

3,039 

454 

658 

1,788 

887 

1,60T 

768 

163 

354 

732 

G:i2 

1,270 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


NMue  of  pUce  »od 
•Uta. 


P>tMtinr,  Iowa. 

PulMllue,  Kao 

Pale<tin(>,  Mo 

Palealinp,  Tonn 

Palealiiie,  Tex 

I>allnde,  Net) 

Pall«ad»,  Neb 

PsIiMule,  Neb 

Palisade,  N.J.. 

Palimde,  9.D 

Palm  City,  Cal 

Palmer,  III 

Palmer,  Kan 

PalmiT,  Ky 

Palmer,  Ma*s 

Palmer,  Mich 

Palmer,  Minn 

Palmer,  0 

Palmer,  0 

Palmer,  Pa. 

Palmer,  Tex 

Palmer  I^ke,  Col 

Palmer's  Spi-ings,  Va.... 

Palraersvillc,  N.O 

Palmeniviile,  Teiin 

Palmetto,  Ala. 

Palmetto,  Kla 

Palmetto,  Fla 

Palmetto,  Ga 

Palmetto,  Ga 

Palmetto,  SO 

Palmyra,  Ga 

Palmyra,  111 

Palmyra,  111 

PalDiyra,  Iiid 

Palmyra,  Iowa 

Palmyra,  Kan 

Palmyra,  Ky 

Palmyra,  Me 

Palmyra,  Mich 

Piihnyrn,  Minn 

Palmyra,  Mo 

Palmyra,  Neb 

Palmyra,  N.Y 

Palmyra,  N.Y 

Palmyra,  N.C 

Palmyra,  N.C 

Palmyra,  0 

Palmyra,  Pa 

Palmyra,  Pa 

Palmyra,  Pa. 

Palmyra,  S.D 

Palmyra,  Va 

Palmyra,  Wis 

Palmyra,  Wis 

Palo  Alto,  Iowa 

Palo  Alto,  Pa 

Palockv.  Kan 

Palos,  III 

Palouse,  Wash 

Paloiise  Bridge,  Idaho.. 

I'ameli.n,  N.Y 

Pamplin  Ciiv,  Va 

Paua,  III 

Paiia,  III 

Panaca,  Nev 

Panama,  Fla 

Panama,  Iowa 

Panama,  Neh 

Panama,  N.Y 

Pangnitch,  Utah 

Pan  Handle,  Ga 

Pan  Handle,  Ga 

Pan  Handle,  Ga 

Pan  Handle,  Ky 

Panola,  111 

Panola  Station,  III 

Panom,  Iowa 

Pante},'o,  N.C 

Pantego,  N.C 

Panther  Branch,  Ky.... 
Panther  Branch,  N.C... 

Panther  Creek,  Ga 

Panther  Creek,  Ky 

Panther  Creek,  Tenn... 
Panther  Springs,  Tenn. 

Panthersville,  Ga 

Panton,  Vt 

Paola,  Kan 

Paola,  Kan 

Paoli.  Ind 

Paoli.  Ind 

Paonia,  Col 

Papillion,  Neb 

Papillion,  Neb. 

Papineaa,  III 

178 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

civllKliot 

city 

village 

precinct 

post-vilt 

township 

|iost-twp 

precinct 

|)ost-town 

IKMt-vill 

mil..<li8t 

post-town 

|K>8t-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

mtg.-dlst 

|)ost.vill 

civil-dist 

|)o8t-proct 

precinct 

post-vlll 

mil.-dist 

post-Till 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-rill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

|)OSt-Till 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

mHg.-di^t 

township 

post-vill 

township 

borougli 

township 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

post  prect 

post-vill 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

IK>8t-Vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

civil-dist 

civil-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

Iireclnct 

post-vill 

township 


County. 


Story 

8umnor 

Cooper 

Lewis 

Anderson 

Hayes 

Hitchcock 

Hitchcock , 

Bergen. 

Minnehaha 

San  Diego 

Christian 

Washington.... 

Anderson 

Hampden 

Marquette 

Sherburne 

Putnam 

Washington.... 
Northampton.. 

Ellis , 

El  Paso 

Mecklenburg.. 

Stanly , 

Weakley 

Pickens 

Manatee 

Manatee 

Campbell 

Campl>ell 

Darlington 

Lee 

Lee 

Macoupin 

Knox 

Warren 

Douglas 

Trimble 

Somerset , 

Lenawee , 

UenviUe 

Marion , 

Otoe , 

Wayne 

Wayne , 

Halifax 

Halifax 

Portage 

Lebanon , 

Pike 

Wayne , 

Brown , 

Fluvanna 

Jefferson , 

Jefferson 

Jasper , 

Schuylkill , 

Ellsworth 

Cook 

Whitman , 

Latah 

Jeffereon 

Appomattox... 

Cliristian 

Christian 

Lincoln 

Duval 

Shelby , 

Lancaster , 

Chautauqua.. ., 

GarJield 

Clayton , 

Stewart 

Taylor 

Livingston 

Woodford 

Woodford 

Guthrie 

Beaufort........ 

Beaufort 

Morgan 

Wake 

Coweta 

Graves 

Stewart 

Hamblen 

De  Kalb 

Addison..- 

Miami 

Miami 

Orange 

Orange 

Delta 

Sarpy 

Sarpy 

Iroquois 


Population. 


1880.      1800. 


1,302 

U3ti 

l,7oa 

403 
2,9t«7 


2,302 


364 

126 

1,434 

6,504 


105 

929 

691 

2,022 

6:< 


2,344 


1,829 
3Co 


l,:i54 
473 

l,c;i8 

3,190 
1,118 

222 
1,278 
1,122 
2,478 

739 
1,271 
1,959 

308 
2,479 
1,392 
4,4.35 
2,308 
2,425 


1,105 
631 
667 

2,727 


2,099 
1,:}61 
698 
1,4G5 
1,588 


1,209 
148 


1,143 

117 

4,233 

3,009 


549 
473 
846 
1,146 
795 
900 


1,1.32 
127 

795 

2,136 

71 

696 
1,462 
1,049 
1,419 

891 


2,.5(i3 
419 
1,008 
2,312 
2,510 
696 


94: 

444 

1,409 


1,4.36 

6:12 

1,744 

636 

6,8.<)8 

126 

.365 

126 

2,690 

7U7 

39 

432 

203 

1,172 

6,520 

1,011 

204 

1,864 

641 

2,396 

260 

213 

2,114 

317 

1,874 

607 

6.34 

224 

1,375 

652 

816 

2,147 

1,016 

605 

1,241 

895 

2,772 

674 

1,<I04 

1,765 

652 

2,515 

1,6:}7 

4,188 

2,131 

2,301 

114 

1,392 

768 

810 

929 

172 

1,788 

1,367 

567 

1,088 

1,425 

404 

998 

1,119 

770 

1,104 

294 

6,143 

6,077 

324 

5-17 

379 

814 

379 

1,015 

1,060 

812 

1,184 

254 

971 

132 

809 

2,515 

161 

916 

1,607 

1,237 

1,323 

796 

1,082 

1,140 

382 

762 

2,943 

2,719 

707 

271 

1,269 

600 

1,267 


Name  of  place  and 
•Uta. 


Papineau,  III 

Parachute,  Col 

Paruclifta,  Ark 

Paradise,  Cal 

Paradise,  III 

Paradise,  III 

Paradise,  Iowa.. 

Paradise,  Kan 

Paradise,  Kan 

Paradise,  Ky 

Paradise,  Mich 

Paradise,  Ore 

Paradise,  Pa 

Paradise,  Pa 

Paradise,  Pa 

Paradise,  Utah '.,. 

Paradise,  Wash 

Paradox,  Col 

Paragonah,  Utah 

Paragould,  Ark 

Paraje,  N.M 

Paris,  Ark 

Paris,  Idaho 

Paris,  Idaho 

Paris,  III 

VavU,  III 

Paris,  Iowa 

Paris,  Kan 

Paris,  Ky 

Paris,  Ky 

Paris,  Me 

Paris,  Me 

Paris,  Mich 

Paris,  Mich 

Paris,  Mo 

Paris,  N.Y 

Paris,  0 

Paris,  0 

Paris,  O 

Paris,  0 

Paris,  Tenn 

Paris,  Tex 

Paris,  Wis 

Paris  Wis 

Parish,  N.Y 

Parish.  N.Y 

Parish  Grove,  Ind„ 

Parishville,  N.Y 

Parishville,  N.Y 

Paris  Mountain,  S.C 

Park,  Cal 

Park,  Col 

Park,  Kan 

Park,  Mich 

Park,  Minn 

Park,  Neb 

Park,  N.D 

Park,  N.D 

Park,  S.D 

Park  Citv,  Mont 

Park  City,  Utah 

Park  City,  Utah 

Parkdale,  Col 

Parker,  Ala 

Parker,  Ark 

Parker,  Fla 

Parker,  111 

Parker,  Kan 

Parker,  Kan 

Parker,  Ky 

Parker,  Minn 

Parker,  Minn 

Parker,  Ore 

Parker,  Pa 

Parker,  S.D 

Parker  City,  Pa 

Parkersburg,  III 

Parkersburg,  Iowa 

Parkersburg,  Md 

Parkersburg,  Ore 

Parkersburg,  W.  Va 

Parkersburg,  W.  Va 

Parker  Sch.  H'se,Tenn. 
Parker's  Prairie,  Minn. 

Parkersville,  Kan 

Parkesburg,  Pa 

Parkland,  Ky 

Parkman,  Me 

Parknian,  0 

Park  Place,  Wash 

Park  Rapids,  &c.,  Minn. 

Park  Ridge,  III 

Park  River,  N.D 

Parks,  Ark 

Parks,  Ark 

Parks,  Ga 


Kankof 
place. 


post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

township 

poBt-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

township 

[)ost-prect 

i)recinct 

post-prect 

ix)st-prect 

post-town 

|>ost-pri-ct 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

city 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

l)ost-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

p<.>8t-town 

city 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

city 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

city 

borough 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

city 

civil-dist 

post-twp 

iwstvill 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

precinct 

[>ost-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 


Connty. 


Iroquois 

GarAeld 

Sevier 

San  Diego.... 

Coles 

Perry 

Crawford 

Hooks 

IluBsell 

Muhlenliurg 
Grand  Traverse 

WaUowa 

Lancaster.... 

Monroe 

York 

Cache 

Klikitat 

Montrose 

Iron , 

Greene.. 

S<jcorro 

Logan 

Bear  Lake... 
Bear  Lake... 

Edgar 

Edgar 

Howard 

Linn , 

Bourbon 

Bourbon 

Oxford 

Oxford 

Huron 

Kent 

Monroe 

Oneida 

Portage 

Stark „., 

Stark 

Union 

Henry 

Lamar 

Grant 

Kenosha 

Oswego , 

Oswego 

Benton 

Saint  Lawrence 
Saint  Lawrence 

Greenville 

Yuba 

Jefferson 

Sedgwick 

Saint  Joseph.... 

Clay 

Deuel , 

Pembina 

Richland 

Hand 

Yellowstone 

Summit 

Summit 

Fremont 

Escambia 

Nevada 

Washington 

Clark 

Montgomery.... 

Morris 

Edmonson 

Marshall 

Morrison 

Baker 

Butler 

Turner 

Armstrong 

Richland 

Butler 

Alleghany 

Coos 

Wood 

Wood 

Gi(>gon 

Otter  Tail 

Morris 

Chester 

Jefferson 

Piscataquis 

Geanga 

Snohomish 

Hubbard 

Cook....- 

Walsh 

Montgomery.... 

Scott 

Greene 


Popnlation. 


1880.      1890. 


503 


1,122 

608 
374 
6(Kt 
684 
1,794 
555 


2,51il 
088 

1,372 
612 


611 

5,709 
4,373 
921 
1,500 
6,489 
3,204 
2,931 

aas 

1,497 
2,038 
1,253 
3,.573 

666 
2,039 

229 
.3,718 
1,767 
3,980 

876 
1,002 
1,817 

402 

603 
2,384 

496 
1,473 

372 


406 
1,283 


1,581 
1,542 


801 
1,527 
],0<i2 
1,549 


74 


2,516 
113 

1,835 
258 
6.52 
100 


7,8.59 

6,.582 

8.30 

431 


817 


1,005 
961 


467 


427 
931 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  PwETURNS  OP   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Parks,  Neb 

I'lxrks,  Pa 

Parks,  Teiin 

Parksborough,  Ga 

Park  Springs,  Tenn.. 

Parkston,  S.U 

Parksville,  Ky 

Parksville,  N.C 

Park  Valley,  Utah.... 

Parkville,  Col 

Parkville,  Mo 

Parkville,  N.Y 

Parley  Park,  Utah.... 

Parliii,  Col 

Parm.i,  Mich 

Parma,  Mich 

Parma,  N.Y 

Parma,  0 

Parmleysville,  Ky.... 

Parnassus,  Pa 

Paruell,  Kan 

Parnell,  Ky 

Parnell,  Minn 

Parnvll,  Minn 

Parnell,  Mo 

Parnell,  Neb 

Parnell,  S.D 

Parowan,  Utah 

Parrisli,  Wis 

Parrotlsville,  Tenn... 

Parry ville.  Pa 

Parson  Creek,  Mo 

Parsons,  Ala 

Parsons,  K«n 

Parsons,  Mil 

Parsons,  Pa 

Parson's  Creek,  Md... 

Parfonsfield,  Me 

Partoe,  Ga 

Partridge,  III 

Pasadena,  Cal 

Pasadena,  Cal... 

Pasco,  Wash 

Paskenta,  Cal 

Paso  Robles,  Cal 

Pass,  Cal 

Passadtimkeag,  Me... 

Passaic,  N.J 

Passaic,  N.J 

Pass  Christian,  Jliss.. 
Pass  Christian,  Miss- 
Pass  Creek.  Ore 

Passmore,  Ga 

Pastolik,  Alaska 

Pastoria,  Ark 

Pastnre8,Va 

Pataskala,  0 

Pataula,  Ga 

Patch  Grove,  Wis 

Paterson,  N.J 

Patesville,  Ky 

Patoka,  III 

Patoka,  III 

Patoka,  Ind 

Patoka,  Ind 

Patoka,  Ind 

Patoka,  Ind 

Patoka,  Ind 

Paton,  Iowa 

Paton,  Iowa 

Patrick,  Ga 

Patriot,  Ind 

Patten,  Me 

Patterson,  111 

Patterson,  Iowa 

Patterson,  La 

Patterson,  N.Y 

Patterson,  N.C 

Patterson,  N.C 

Patterson,  N.C 

Patterson,  O 

Patterson,  0 

Patterson,  Pa 

Patterson,  Pa 

Patton,  111 

Patlon,  Pa 

Patlon,  Pa 

Patton,  S.D 

Pattonoburg,  Mo 

Patuxent,  Md 

Paul,  Ala 

Paulding,  0 

Paulding,  O 

PauUina,  Iowa 

Paupack,  Pa 

Pavilion,  Mich 


Kank  of 
place. 


precinct 

township 

civil-dist 

mil.-dist 

civil-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

l)reciuct 

city 

post  v ill 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-bo  ro' 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

j)0St-prect 

township 

post-prect 

l>ost-twp 

civil-dist 

po8t-l>oro' 

township 

I)recinct 

city 

district 

posl-boro' 

district 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

city 

post-prect 

post-twp 

l)03t-town 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

city 

beat 

ix)st-vill 

preci  net 

mil.-dist 

village 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

city 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post  twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

township 

jwst-town 

district 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 


County. 


Dundy 

Armstrong 

Moore 

.Jackson 

Weakley 

Hutchinson 

Boyle 

Perquimans 

Box  Elder 

Saguache 

Platte 

Kings 

Summit 

Gunnison 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Monroe 

Cuyahoga 

Wayne 

Westmoreland.. 

Sheridan 

Wayne 

Polk 

Traverse 

Nodawaj' 

Greeley 

Brookings 

Iron 

Langlade 

Cocke 

Carbon 

Linn 

Tuscaloosa 

Labette 

Wicomico 

Luzerne 

Dorchester 

York 

Greene 

Woodford 

Los  Angeles 

Los  .\ngele8 

Franklin 

Tehama. 

San  Luis  Obispo 
San  Bernardino 

Penobscot 

Morris 

Passaic 

Harrison 

Harrison 

Douglas 

Wilkinson 


Jefferson.. 
Augusta.. 
Licking... 
Stewart... 
Grant 


iaic. 


Hancock 

Marion 

Marlon 

Crawford 

Dubois , 

Gibson 

Gibson 

Pike 

Greene 

Greene 

Putnam < 

Switzerland.... 

Penobscot 

Greene 

Madison , 

Saint  Mary's.., 

Putnam 

Alamance , 

Caldwell , 

Durham 

Darke , 

Hardin 

Beaver 

Juniata 

Ford 

Alleghany 

Centre 

Aurora 

Daviess 

Charles 

Coffee 

Paulding 

Paulding 

O'Brien 

Wayne 

Kalamazoo„... 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


716 

345 

1,410 

1,201 


22(J 

1,.548 

275 


200 


1,418 
482 
3,180 
1,444 
1,543 
5i0 


957 


1,304 

&57 

Ifi'S 

019 

4,199 

1,283 

1,498 

1,928 

1,013 

973 

409 


391 
1,013 


302 
1,890 
6,,532 
2,702 
1,410 
613 
934 


1,230 

3,991 

034 

945 

820 

51,031 


1,306 

444 

1,618 

1,997 

6,017 

775 

2,039 

6:J5 

84 

901 

407 

710 


186 

500 

1,579 

816 

1,0.'^8 

1,042 

l,2Ji( 

385 

1.30 

703 

3,139 

1,730 

761 

""399 
1,291 


1,065 


028 
1,138 


216 

704 

322 

1,527 

1,454 

262 

100 

1,090 

196 

58 

709 

831 

405 

89 

1,175 

490 

2,912 

1,478 

1,718 

510 

202 

253 

140 

318 

267 

163 

382 

937 

392 

1,2.57 

605 

1,090 

032 

6,736 

1,.550 

2,412 

1,914 

1,398 

600 

505 

7,222 

4,882 

480 

813 

827 

184 

343 

1,821 

13,028 

3,654 

1,705 

1,440 

886 

113 

1,730 

3,554 

568 

497 

690 

78,.347 

162 

1,501 

502 

1,815 

4,210 

6,530 

729 

8,095 

892 

245 

608 

434 

936 

1,385 

133 

1,414 

1,402 

928 

1,1S3 

1,768 

1,712 

247 

529 

826 

3,659 

2,173 

1,045 

124 

532 

1,150 

274 

4,492 

1,879 

510 

588 

1,014 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Pavilion,  N.Y 

Paw  Creek,  N.C 

Pawlet,Vt 

Pawling,  N.Y 

Pawling,  N.Y 

Pawnee,  111 

Pawnee,  Kan 

Pawnee,  Kan 

Pawnee,  Kan 

Pawnee  City,  Neb 

Pawnee  City,  Neb 

Pawnee  Rock,  Kan 

Pawnee  Uock,  Kan 

Paw  Paw,  111 

Paw  Paw,  Ind 

Paw  Paw,  Kan 

Paw  Paw,  Mich 

Paw  Paw,  Mich 

Paw  Paw,  W.  Va 

Paw  Paw,  W.  Va 

Pawtucket,  B.I 

Paxon,  Kan 

Paxton,  III 

Paxton,  Kan 

Paxton,  Mass 

Paxton,  Minn 

Paxton,  Neb 

Paxton,  0 

Payette,  Idaho 

Paymaster,  Cal 

Payne,  Kan 

Payne,  Kan 

Payne,  Ky 

Payne,  0 

Payne's  DetX)t,  Ky 

Paynesville,  Ala 

Payncsville,  Minn 

Paynesville,  Minn 

Payson,  III 

Payson,  Utah 

Peabody,  Kan 

I'eabody,  Kan 

Peabody,  Mass 

Peacham,  Vt 

Peach  Bottom,  Pa 

Peachland,  N.C 

Peach  Orchard,  III 

Peach  Orchard,  Ky 

Peach  Tree,  Cal 

Peach  Tree,  Ga. 

Peacock,  Ala 

Peacock,  Ga 

Peaine,  Mich 

Peak  Creek,  N.C 

Peak's  Mill,  Ky 

Peale,  Pa 

Pearce,  Ala 

Pearce,  Ky 

Pearces,  Ga 

Pea  Ridge,  111 

Pearisbnrg,  Va 

Pearisburg,  Va 

Pea  River,  Ala 

Pearl,  III 

Pearl,  111 

Pearl,  S.D 

Pearl,  S.D 

Pearl,  S.D 

Pearl  Creek,  S.D 

Pearlington,  Miss 

Pearsall,  Tex 

Pearson,  Ga 

Pearson,  Ga 

Pearson  Mills,  Tenn.... 

Pease,  O 

Peavine,  Ga 

Pebble,  Neb 

Pebble,  0 

Pecan,  Ark 

Pecatonica,  III 

Pecatonica,  III 

Peckham,  Neb 

Pecos,  N.M 

Peculiar.  Mo 

Pedlar,  Va 

Peebles,  0 

Pee  Dee,  N.C 

Pee  Deo,  SO 

Pee  Dee,  S.C 

Pee  Pee,  0 

Peek's  Hill,  Ala 

Peekskill,  N.Y 

Peeples,  S.C 

Pekin,  111 

Pekin,  111 

Pekiu,  Md ; 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

ptist-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-beat 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

civil-dist 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post-twp 


County. 


Genesee 

Mecklenburg.. 

Rutland 

Dutchess 

Dutchess 

Sangamon 

Bourbon 

Pawnee , 

Smith 

Pawnee 

Pawnee 

Barton 

Barton 

DeKalb 

Wabash 

Elk 

Van  Buren 

Van  Buren 

Marion 

Morgan 

Providence 

Pratt 

Ford 

Logan 

Worcester 

Redwood 

Keith 


Ada 

San  Diego 

Gove 

Sedgwick 

Knox 

Paulding , 

Scott 

Sumter 

Stearns 

Stearns 

Adams 

Utah 

Marion 

Marion. 

Essex 

Caledonia 

York 

Anson 

Ford 

Lawrence 

Monterey , 

Fulton 

Coffee 

Washington.... 

Manitou 

Ashe 

Franklin 

Clearfield 

Marion 

Rowan 

Decatur 

Brown 

Giles 

Giles 

Barbour 

Pike 

Pike 

Hand 

McCook 

Sully 

Beadle 

Hancock 

Frio 

Coffee 

Twiggs 

Crockett 

Belmont 

Walker 

Dodge 

Pike 

Mississippi 

Winnebago 

Winnebago 

Lincoln 

San  Miguel 

Cass 

Amherst 

Adams 

Montgomery... 

Florence 

Georgetown... 

Pike 

Calhoun 

Westchester... 

Hampton 

Tazewell 

Tazewell 

Alleghany 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,649 
1,739 
1,696 
2,006 

580 
1,1.'?1 

800 

572 
1,&34 
1,:«2 

703 

493 
84 

909 
2,130 

951 
2,707 
1,482 
2,081 


19,030 


1,725 


592 
259 


2,119 


524 
1,919 


1,044 
405 
127 
29,243 
1, 
1,585 
1,087 
9,028 
1,011 
2,130 


747 
1,020 


616 
2,092 

555 
1,913 
2,613 


477 

425 

1,094 

2,577 

285 

814 

845 

73 


1,301 


1,020 

878 

1,161 

8,819 

904 


1,594 

764 

1,847 

1,029 


1,069 
5,005 


742 
1,776 
3,341 
2,726 
1,328 
6,893 
4,735 
6,164 
5,993 

505 

179 


1,581 

1,938 

1,74.5 

1,949 

630 

1,404 

1,114 

319 

626 

2,214 

1,.550 

674 

204 

850 

2,294 

934 

2,450 

1,391 

2,311 

772 

27,633 

404 

2,187 

224 

445 

4i3 

608 

1,888 

691 

38 

311 

708 

2,255 

1,146 

600 

1,016 

597 

352 

33,313 

2,1.35 

2,118 

1,474 

10,158 

892 

2,198 

68 

1,008 

1,973 

1,103 

1,188 

1,152 

904 

383 

1,033 

1,893 

500 

578 

502 

?400 

1,012 

2,969 

341 

904 

1,256 

928 

123 

365 

73 

216 

1,598 

766 

1,945 

1800 

1,294 

12,994 

1,143 

871 

1,208 

1,047 

1,796 

1,059 

206 

673 

917 

4,993 

358 

838 

2,172 

4,048 

2,588 

886 

9,076 

.•5,128 

6,537 

6,347 

424 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
■Ute. 


Pelahatchce,  MIm 

PeUliatcliev,  Mias. 

P«-lliaia,  Ala 

Pelhaiii,  Ga 

I'vlhuni,  Bla^x 

PelliHUi,  N.H 

P«Uiam,  N.Y 

Pelhaui,  N.C 

Pelican,  Mliiu 

PeUcan,  S.D 

Pelican,  Wl« 

Pelican,  WU 

Pelican  Lake,  Minn... 
Pelican  RapliU,  Minn 

Pella,  Col- 

Pella,  111 

Pella,  Iowa.. 

Pella,  Wis 

Pellvllle,  Ky 

Pellvillo,  Ky 

Pelot  Cliajiol,  Fla. 

PeUer,  S.O 

Pemberton,  M  J 

Femboiton,  N.J 

Ponibervllle,  0 

Pembiiiu,  N.D 

Pembina,  N.U 

Pembroke,  111 , 

Pembroke,  Ky 

Pembroke,  Ky , 

Pembroke,  Me 

Pembroke,  Muss 

Pembroke,  N.H 

Pembroke,  N.Y 

Pembroke,  Va 

PembriHjk,  S.D 

Pemiscot,  Mo 

Pena  Blanca,  N.M 

Peua  BUiuca,  N.M 

Pena  Klor,  N.M 

Pen  Argyl,  Pa 

Penasco,  N.tl 

Penasoo  Blanco,  N.M... 

Fencuder,  Del 

Pence,  Ala 

Pence,  Wis 

Peuco,  Ga. 

Pender,  Neb 

Pender,  Neb 

Pendleton,  Ark 

Pendleton,  111 

Pendleton,  Ind 

Pendleton,  Mo 

Pendleton,  N.Y 

Pendleton,  Ore 

Pendleton,  S.C 

Pendleton,  S.C 

Peufield,  Ga. 

Penfleld,  N.Y 

Penfteld,  0 

PenHeld,  Pa 

f eninsnla,  Mich 

Peninsula,  0 

Penn,  III 

Penn,  III 

Penn,  Ind 

Penn, Ind 

Penn,  Ind 

Ponn,  Iowa 

Penn,  Iowa 

Penn,  Iowa , 

Penn,  Iowa 

Penn,  Kan 

Penn,  Midi 

Penn,  Minn 

Penn,  Mo 

Penn.O 

Penu,0 

Penn,  Pa 

Peun,  Pa 

Penn,  Pa 

Penn,  Pa 

Penn,  Pa 

Penn,  Pa 

Penn,  Pa 

Penn,  I'a 

Penn,  Pa 

Penn,  Pa 

Penn,  Pa 

Penn,  Pa 

Penn,  Pa 

Penn,  Pa 

Penn,  Pa 

Penn.  S.C 

Penufield,  Mich 

Peun  Forest,  Pa.... 

180 


Rank  of 
place. 


beat 

po»t-vlll 

post-prect 

poet-town 

poet-town 

poet-town 

poet-town 

potit-tvvp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

poet-rill 

precinct 

township 

city 

post-twp 

mag.'dist 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vUl 

township 

city 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

|)08t-town 

post-town 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

IKJSt-prect 

post-bo  ro' 

post-prect 

precinct 

hundred 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

l>ost-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

towiiship 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

borough 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Rankin 

Rankin 

Shelby 

Mitchell 

IIiimp«hire 

HillslHirough... 
Westchester.... 

Caswell 

Otter  Tail 

Codington 

Forest 

Oneida 

Grant 

Otter  Tail 

Boulder 

Ford 

Marion 

Shawano 

Hancock 

Hancock 

Hillsborough... 

Anderson 

Burlington 

Burlington 

Wood 

Pembina 

Pembina 

Kankakee 

Christian 

Christian 

Washington.... 

Plymouth 

Merrimack 

Genesee 

Giles 

Kdmunds 

Pemiscot 

Bernalillo 

San  Miguel 

Colfax 

Northampton.. 

Taos 

San  Miguel  .... 

New  Castle 

Dallas 

Ashland 

Wilkes 

Thurston 

Thurston 

Desha 

Jefferson 

Madison 

Saint  Franjois, 

Niagara 

Umatilla 

Anderson 

Anderson 

Greene 

Monroe 

Iioi-ain 

Clearfield 

Grand  Traverse 

Summit 

Shelby 

Stark 

Jay 

Parke 

Saint  Joseph.... 

Guthrie 

Jefferson 

Johnson 

Madison 

Osborne 

Cass 

McLeod 

Sullivan 

Highland 

Morgan 

Alleghany 

Berks 

Butler 

Centre 

Chester 

Clearfield 

Cumberland 

Huntingdon 

Lancaster 

liycoming 

Perry 

Snyder 

Westmoreland- 
Westmoreland.. 

York 

Williamsburg... 

Calhoun 

Carbon 


Population. 


IMO.      1800. 


ii,S74 
117 


1C8 
614 
848 
2,540 
2,113 
544 


307 


800 

2,4-30 

685 


2,886 
799 
644 


287 
22:! 
2,006 
202 
2,:i24 
1,405 
2,797 
2,845 
1,961 


644 


572 


2,350 
1,405 


1,205 


1,558 

614 

958 

1,730 

730 

2,5-59 

672 

1,357 

2,955 

735 

299 

849 

488 

662 

1,210 

1,710 

1,552 

4,958 

2,354 

1,727 

70^ 

1,212 

1,495 

1,527 

496 

1,713 

1,507 

1,245 

3,291 

1,530 

1,131 

814 

739 

611 

1,521 

998 

2,209 

793 

1,771 

1,373 

2,798 

604 

1,962 

1,481 

1.072 

653 


2,873 

139 

493 

385 

486 

791 

3,941 

1,540 

629 

219 

180 

2,949 

471 

624 

383 

860 

2,408 

816 

2,567 

119 

180 

1,878 

2,039 

834 

843 

1,268 

670 

246 

2,577 

466 

1,514 

1,320 

3,172 

2,079 

2,0.51 

108 

652 

673 

324 

310 

2,108 

641 

181 

2,120 

1,332 

409 

1,019 

024 

429 

482 

l,.51l 

996 

2,184 

1,514 

2,506 

2,800 

470 

1,753 

2,845 

708 

003 

957 

502 

615 

1,022 

2,010 

1,200 

6,078 

2,102 

1,283 

638 

773 

552 

1,530 

692 

i,8;w 

1,206 
1,110 
2,932 
1,282 
1,814 

978 

632 

800 
1,415 

934 
2,210 

877 
1,965 
l,i61 
3,811 

931 
1,501 
1,951 
1,047 

627 


Name  of  place  and 
■tute. 


Pennington,  Ark 

I'ennsboi-ough,  W.  Va.. 

Pennaburg,  Pa 

Peniisbury,  Pa 

Pennsylvania,  III 

Pennville,  Ind 

Pennville,  Pa 

Penn  Yan,  N.Y 

I'eno,  Mo 

Penobscot,  Me 

Penrod,  Ky 

Penryn,  Cal 

Pensacola,  Fla 

Pensacola,  N.C 

Pensaukee,  Wis 

Pentlund.  Mich 

Pentwater,  Mich 

Pentwater,  Mich 

Peoa,  Utah 

Peoples,  Iowa 

Peoria,  III 

Peoria,  ill 

Peoria,  Kan 

Peoria,  Ore 

Peoria,  S.D 

Peoria,  Tex 

Peotonc,  III 

Peotone,  111 

Pepin,  Minn 

Pepin,  Wis 

Pepin,  Wis 

Pepperell,  Mass 

Pepperton,  Minn 

Pequamock,  N.J 

Pequea,  Pa 

Peralfa,  Cal 

Penilta,  N.M 

Ferche,  Mo 

I'erdew,  Cal 

Perdido  Station,  Ala.... 

Perdue  Hill,  Ala 

Peie  Marquette,  Mich.. 

Perham,  Minn 

Perliam,  Minn 

Perinton,  N.Y 

Perkasie,  Pa 

Perkins,  Ark 

Perkins,  Me 

Perkins,  O 

Perkiomen,  Pa 

Perote,  Ala 

Perote,  Ala 

Perrinton,  Mich 

Perris,  Cal 

Perry,  Ark 

Perry,  Ark 

Perry,  Ga 

Perry,  111 

Perry,  111 

Perry,  Ind 

Perry,  Ind 

Perry,  Ind 

Perry,  Ind 

Perry,  Ind 

Perry,  Ind 

Perry,  Ind 

Perry,  Ind 

Perry,  Ind 

Perry,  Ind 

Perry,  Tnd , 

Perry,  Ind 

Perry,  Ind 

Perry,  Ind 

Perry,  Iowa 

Perry,  Iowa 

Perry,  Iowa 

Perry,  Iowa.- 

Perry,  Iowa 

Perry,  Iowa 

Perry,  Iowa 

Perry,  Kan 

Perry,  Me 

Perry,  Mich 

Perry,  Mich 

Perry,  Minn 

Perry,  Mo 

Perry,  Mo 

Perry,  Neb 

Perry,  Neb 

Perry,  N.T. 

Perry,  N.T 

Perry,  N.D 

Perry,  O 

Perry,  0 

Perry,  O 

Perry,  O 


Rank  of 
place. 


County. 


township 

|K>8l-town 

post-lioro' 

township 

township 

post-vill 

borough 

poet-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

city 

post-twp 

pOBl-tWp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

pust-boro' 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


Bradley 

Kltchie 

Montgomery 

Chester 

Mason 

Jay 

Clearfield 

Yates 

Pike 

Hancock 

Muhleuburg. 

Placer 

Escambia 

Yancey 

Oconto 

Luce 

Oceana 

Oceana 

Summit 

Boone 

Peoria 

Peoria. 

Franklin 

Linn 

Hughes 

Hill 

Will 

Will 

Wabasha 

Pepin 

Pepin 

Middlesex.... 

Stevens 

Morris 

Lancaster.... 

Alameda 

Valencia 

Boone 

San  Bernardino 

Baldwin 

Monroe 

Mason 

Otter  Tail 

Otter  Tail 

Monroe 

Bucks 

Saline. 

Sagadahoc 

Erie 

Montgomery.... 

Bullock 

Bullock 

Giaiiut 

San  Diego 

Johnson 

Perry 

Houston 

Pike 

Pike 

Allen 

Boone 

Clay 

Clinton 

Delaware 

Lawrence 

Marion 

Martin 

Miami 

Monroe 

Noble 

Tip{)ecanoe 

Vanderburg.... 

Wayne 

Buchanan 

Dallas 

Davis 

Jackson 

Marion 

Plymouth 

Tama 

Woodson 

Washington.... 

Shiawassee 

Shiawassee 

Lac-qui-Parle.. 

Balls 

Saint  Fran(oi8. 
Bed  Willow.... 

Thurston 

Wyoming 

Wyoming 

Cavalier 

Allen 

Ashland 

Brown 

Carroll 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


2,328 
330 


795 
89(1 


3,476 
2,310 
1,341 


238 
6,845 

617 
1,420 


1,278 


238 

859 

30,251 

29,2-59 

1,1&5 


1,043 
C24 
366 

1.515 


2,348 

196 

2,239 

l,:i61 


2,521 


110 

510 

919 

209 

4,030 

300 

1,127 

78 

1,878 

2,515 

1,519 

24 


97' 

542 

929 

2,023 

770 

1,2-54 

1,241 

1,836 

1,92(1 

1,20(1 

909 

2,-598 

1,*>07 

1,447 

1,220 

3,517 

1,031 

2,034 

890 

1,557 

952 

703 

1,174 

432 

233 

1,912 

537 

1,04 

1,564 

298 

139 

147 

3,755 


2,571 
1,115 


1,465 
1,492 
2,838 
1,040 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  KETURNS   OF   1880   AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Perry,  0 

Perry,  O 

Perry,  0 

Perry,  0 

Perry,  0 

Perry,  0 

Periy,  0 

Perry,  0 

Perry, 0 

Perry,  0 

Perry, 0 

Perry, 0 

Perry,  0 

Perry, 0 

Perry,  O 

Perry,  O 

Perry,  0 

Perry,  0 

Perry, 0 

Perry,  0 

Perry, 0 

Perrj',  0 

Perry,  Pa 

Perry,  Pa 

Perry,  Pa 

Perry,  Pa.. 

Perry,  Pa 

Perry,  Pa 

Perry,  Pa 

Perry,  Pa 

Perry,  Pa , 

Perry,  S.D 

Perry,  S.D 

Perry,  Wis .'. , 

Ferryman,  Md 

Perry  Mill,  Ga 

'  Perrysbiirg,  N.Y 

Perrysburg,  0 , 

■  Perrysbiirg,  0 

Perrysville,  Ind 

Perrysville,  0 , 

PeiTyton,  111 , 

Perryville,  Ala , 

Perry ville,  Ark 

Perryville,  Ky 

'  Perryville,  Md 

Perryville,  Mo 

Persia,  N.Y 

Persifer,  III 

Persimmon,  Ga 

Persimmon  Grove,  Ky. 

Persimmon  Tree,  Ga.... 

Perth,  N.Y 

Perth,  N.D 

Perth  Amboy,  N.J 

Peru,  Fla 

Peru,  111 

Peru,  111 , 

Peru,  Ind 

Peru,  Ind 

Peru,  Iowa 

Peru,  Me 

Peru,  Mass 

Peru,  Neb , 

■Peru,  Neb 

Peru,  N.Y 

Peru.O 

Pom,  0 

Peru,  Vt 

Peru,  Wis 

Pescadero,  Cnl 

■  Pescado,  N.M 

Peshtigo,  Wis 

Peshtigo,  Wis 

Peshtigo  Harbor,  Wis.. 

Pesotuni,  III 

Petaca,N.M 

Petalnnia,  Cal 

Petalnma,  V»\ 

Peterboro,  Utah 

Peterborough,  N.H 

Peter  Creek,  Ark 

Peter  Creek,  N.C 

Peters,  Kan 

Peters,  Pa 

Peters,  I'a 

Petersburg,  Col..  

Petersburg,  Ga 

Petersburg,  111 

Petersburg,  Ind 

Petersburg,  Ky 

Petersburg,  Ky 

Petersburg,  Ky 

Petersburg,  M'ich 

Petersburg,  Minn 

'  Petersburg,  N.D 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

poat-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

[lost-vill 

post-town 

township 

mil.-dist 

inng.-dist 

mil.-dist 

lX)st-town 

township 

city 

post-prect 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

village 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

city 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 


County. 


Columbiana... 

Coshocton 

Fayette 

Franklin 

GuUia 

Hocking 

Lake 

Lawrence 

Licking 

Logan 

Monroe 

Montgomery.. 

Morrow 

Muskingum .. 

Pickaway 

Pike 

Putnam 

Richland 

Shelby 

Stark 

Tuscarawas.... 

Wood 

Armstrong  .... 

Berks 

(Jlarion 

Fayette 

Greene 

Jefferson 

Lawrence 

Mercer 

Snyder 

Davison 

Lincoln 

Pane 

Harford 

Tatnall 

Cattaraugus... 

Wood 

Wood 

Vermilion 

Ashland 

Mercer 

Perry 

Perry 

Boyle 

Cecil 

Perry 

Cattaraugus... 

Knox 

Rabun 

Campbell 

Pickens 

Fulton 

Walsh 

Middlesex 

Hillsborough. 

La  Salle 

La  Salle 

Miami 

Miami 

Dubuque 

Oxford 

Berkshire 

Nemaha 

Nemaha 

Clinton 

Huron 

Morrow 

Bennington... 

Dunn 

San  Mateo 

Valencia 

Marinette 

Marinette 

Slarinette 

Champaign.... 

Rio  Arriba 

Sonoma 

Sonoma 

Cache 

Hillsborough.. 

Cleburne 

Stokes 

Kingman 

Franklin 

Washington... 

Arapahoe 

Elbert 

Menard 

Pike 

Boone 

Boone 

Webster 

Monroe 

Jackson 

Nelson 


Population. 


4,868 
901 
1,320 
1,489 
1,329 
1,99.5 
1,310 
2,217 
1,032 
1,007 
1,2H 
2,272 
1,106 
1,050 
1,794 
879 
1,073 

1,242 
9,219 
1,208 
1,474 
1,309 
1,527 
2,4.58 
1,470 
1,339 
1,293 
827 
1,160 
1,212 


924 


1,048 

1,370 

4,112 

1,909 

645 

476 

1,059 

1,200 

250 

498 

143 

7.54 

1,370 

705 

694 


605 
915 


4,808 


5,053 

4,632 

6,220 

5,280 

1,071 

825 

403 

1,187 

667 

2,610 

1,194 

916 

556 

29R 

238 


3,517 


1,010 


4,854 
3,320 
70 
2,200 
251 
1,900 


3,105 
9.55 


800 
2,332 
1,193 
1,360 

441 
2,428 

420 

243 


7,209 

873 

1,102 

1,490 

1,184 

1,882 

1,365 

2,039 

1,007 

1,109 

1,270 

2,153 

943 

923 

1,698 

715 

1,710 

595 

1,134 

12,289 

931 

1,449 

938 

1,575 

1,706 

1,623 

1,610 

1,228 

764 

1,12.5 

1,261 

197 

785 

996 

271 

875 

1,123 

4,121 

1,747 

607 

622 

913 

1,210 

310 

4.36 

344 

875 

1,.506 

711 

080 

667 

676 

769 

178 

9,512 

373 

5,883 

5,560 

7,958 

7,028 

1,020 

092 

305 

1,228 

624 

2,356 

1,018 

824 

445 

342 

221 

261 

7,202 

1,719 

719 

1,038 

244 

6,304 

3,692 

337 

2,. 507 

343 

2,034 

235 

3,088 

1,225 

1,153 

567 

2,342 

1,494 

1,331 

625 

3,389 

408 

481 

159 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Petersburg,  N.Y 

Petersburg,  O 

Petersburg,  Pa 

Petersburg,  Tenn 

Petersburg,  Va 

Peters  Creek,  Ky 

Petersham,  Blass 

Peterson,  Iowa , 

Peterson,  Iowa , 

Peterson,  Utah 

Petersvillo,  Md 

Petite  Anse,  La. 

Petit  Jean,  Ark 

Petit  Jean,  Ark 

Petit  Jean,  Ark 

Petoskey,  Mich 

Petrolia,  Pa 

Petsworth,  Va 

Pettis,  Mo 

Petti8,Mo 

Pettus,  Ark 

Pettusville,  Ala 

Petty,  111 

Petty,  Tex 

Pewamo,  Mich 

Pewaukee,  Neb 

Pewaukee,  Wis 

Powaukee,  W'is 

Pewee  Valley,  Ky 

Peyton,  Col 

Peytona,  W.  Va 

Pharsalia,  N.Y 

Phelps,  N.Y 

Phelps,  N.Y 

Phelps  City,  Mo 

Philadelpb'ia,  111 

Philadelphia,  Miss 

Philadelphia,  Wo 

Philadelphia,  N.Y 

Philadelphia,  N.Y 

Philadelphia,  Pa 

Philadelphia,  8.C 

Philadel|)hia,  Teun.... 

Philadelphus.  N.C 

Philippi,  W.  Va 

Philippi,  W.  Va 

Philips,  Fla 

Philips,  Ga 

Pliilipsburg,  0 

Philipsburg,  Pa 

Phillips,  Ala 

Phillips,  Ala 

PhilliiM,  Ark 

Phillips,  III 

Phillips,  Me 

Phillips,  Neb 

Phillipsburg,  Kan 

Phillipsburg,  Kan 

Phillip^bul•g,  Mont.... 

Phillipsburg,  N.J 

Phillipsburg.  Pa 

Phillipston,  Ma.s8 

Phillipstown,  N.Y 

Philmont,  N.Y 

Philo,  III 

Philo,  111 

Philomath,  Ore 

Phipps,  Ala 

Phipps,  S.D 

Phippsburg,  Me 

Phoenix,  Ariz 

Phoenix,  111 

Phoenix,  N.Y 

Phoenix  City,  Ala 

Phoenix  City,  Ala 

Pha'nixville,  Pa 

Piankatank,  Va 

Piasa,  111 

Piatt,  Pa 

Picacho,  N.M 

Piccanee  Creek,  Col... 

Pickaway,  111 

Pickaway,  O 

Pickens,  S.C 

Pickens,  S.C 

Pickens  C.-H.,  S.O 

Pickensville,  Ala 

Pickerel  Lake,  Minn.. 

Pickering,  Mo 

Pickerington,  0 

Pickcrt,  N.D 

Pickford,  Mich 

Pickren,  Ga 

Picture  Rock»,  Pa 

Piedmont,  Ala 

Piedmont,  Ala 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-town 

village 

post-bo  ro' 

post-vill 

city 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

district 

ward 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-prect 

post -beat 

ix)st-vill 

township 

post-vill 

city 

post-twp 

civil-dist 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

village 

post-boro' 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

I)ost-town 

city 

borough 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

jKJSt-prect 

township 

post-town 

city 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-boro' 

precinct 

post-vill 


County. 


Rensselaer.... 

Lawrence 

Huntingdon. 
Lincoln 


Pike 

Worcester.... 

Clay 

Clay 

Morgan 

Frederick 

Iberia 

Conway 

Logan 

Perry 

Emmet.™ 

Butler 

Gloucester 

Adair 

Platte 

Lonoke 

Limestone 

Lawrence 

Lamar 

Ionia 

Rock 

Waukesha 

Waukesha 

Oldham 

El  Paso 

Boone , 

Chenango 

Ontario 

Ontario. 

Atchison 

Cass , 

Neshoba 

Marion 

Jefferson 

.Jefferson 

Philadelphia. 
Darlington.... 

Loudon 

Robeson 

Barbour 

Barbour 

Duval 

DeKalb 

Montgomery 

Centre 

DeKalb 

Etowah 

Garland 

White 

Franklin 

Hamilton 

Phillips. 

Phillips 

Deer  Lodge... 

Warren 

Beaver 

Worcester 

Putnam 

Columbia 

Champaign... 
Champaign.... 

Benton 

Hale 

Codington 

Sagadahoc 

Maricopa 

Henry 

Oswego 

Lee 

Lee 

Chester 

Matthews 

Jersey 

Lycoming 

Lincoln 

Rio  Blanco..:. 

Shelby 

Pickaway 

Edgefield 

Pickens 

Pickens 

Pickens 

Freeliorn 

Nodaway 

Fairfield 

Steele 

Chippewa 

Coffee 

Lycoming 

Calhoun 

Calhoun 


Population. 


1880.        1890. 


1,785 


381 

150 

21,656 

1,138 

1,109 

228 


301 

2,60$ 

1,889 

289 

641 

345 

1,815 

1,186 

3,197 

1,113 

2,354 

443 


1,699 


2,192 
666 


1,321 
1,147 

6,189 

1,369 

302 


1,602 

173 

1,750 


847,170 

1,309 

811 

1,875 

2,0f>9 


1,268 

215 

1,779 


628 

185 

2,355 

1,437 


1,043 

309 

299 

7,181 

458 

621 

4,375 

1,343 

1,367 

435 

746 

390 


1,497 
1,708 

691 
1,312 
3,729 
2,224 
6,682 
2,2.50 
1,418 

611 


820 
1,514 

3,939 
1,856 
212 
1,548 
630 
118 
188 


1,049 
321 
600 
381 

181 


1,461 

606 

655 

290 

22,680 

1,481 

1,050 

7:» 

371 

271 

2,943 

2,171 

272 

989 

3S2 

2,872 

540 

2,373 

1,2(K) 

2,456 

962 

2,498 

1,694 

206 

381 

181 

2,757 

680 

435 

41 

1,131 

915 

5,086 

1,336 

203 

644 

2,390 

230 

1,662 

783 

,046,964 

1,966 

821 

1,915 

2,443 

378 

668 

664 

270 

3,245 

620 

721 

179 

2,721 

1,394 

537 

1,633 

992 

1,068 

8,644 

1,494 

602 

4,113 

1,818 

1,240 

491 

817 

331 

165 

1,396 

3,152 

657 

1,466 

5,117 

3,700 

8,614 

2,493 

1,274 

621 

405 

165 

824 

1,443 

3,944 

2,321 

283 

1,782 

613 

203 

290 

91 

993 

1,722 

610 

1,677 

711 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  pl»c«  and 
•Ute. 


Piedmont,  0»l 

PItHliiiont,  Mu~ 

Pie<lii)unt,  8.C 

Piedmont,  Va 

Piedmont.  W.  V» 

Pierce,  III 

Pierce,  Ind 

Pierce,  Iowa 

Pierce,  Hu 

Pierce,  Mo 

Pierce,  Mo 

Pierce,  Neb 

Pierce,  Neb. 

Pierce.  N.D 

Pierce,  O. 

Pierce,  Wig. 

Pierce  Chap<*l,  Ala 

PlereeCity,  Idaho 

Pierce  City,  Mo 

Pierce  Creek,  Ark 

PiercetoD,  Ind 

Plerceville,  Kan 

Plennont,  N.H 

Piermont,  N.Y 

Plerpont,  0 

Pierre,  S.D 

Pierrepont,  N.Y 

Pienon,  Ind 

Piersoii,  Mich 

Pfcrson,  Mluk 

Pierz,  Minn 

PiKeon,  Ark 

Pigeon,  Ind 

Pigeon,  N.C 

Pigeon,  Wis 

Pigeon  Creek,  Neb 

Plseon  Grove,  III 

Pigeon  Elver,  N.C 

Pigeon  Boost,  Ky 

Pig  River,  Va 

Pike,  Ga 

Pike,  111 

Pike,  Ind„ 

Pike,  Ind 

Pike,  Ind 

Pike,  Ind 

Pike,  Iowa 

Pike,  Kan 

Pike,  Mo 

Pike,  Mo 

Pike,  N.Y 

Pike,  N.Y 

Pike,0 

Pike,0 

Pike,0 

Pike.O 

Pike,0 

Pike,  0 

Pike,0 

Pike,0 

Pike,  Pa 

Pike,  Pa 

Pike,  Pa 

Pike,  Pa 

Pike  Creek,  Minn 

Pike  Creek,  Mo 

Pike  Lake,  Wis 

Pike  Road,  Ala 

Piketon,  0 

Pikeville,  Ala 

Pikeville,  Ky 

Pikeville,  Ky 

Pikeville,  N.C 

Pllcliuck,  Wauh 

Pilesgrove,  N.J« 

Pllger,  Neb 

Pillsbury,  Minn 

Pilot,  III 

Pilot,  III 

Pilot,  Iowa 

Pilot,  Iowa 

Pilot,  N.C. 

Pilot  Grove,  III , 

Pilot  Grove,  Iowa , 

Pilot  Grove,  Minn , 

Pilot  Grove,  Mo , 

Pilot  Grove,  Mo 

Pilot  Grove,  Mo _. 

Pilot  Knob,  III 

Pilot  Knob,  Kan 

Pilot  Knob,  Ky 

Pilot  Knob,  Mo 

Pilot  Mound,  Inwa 

Pilot  Mound,  Minn.-.. 

Pilot  Mound,  N.D 

Pilot  Point,  Tex 

;182 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

puat-vlll 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vlll 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

poet-prect 

city 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-vill 

l>ost-twp 

city 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vlll 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mll.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

[Mjst-prect 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vlll 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

poBt-vill 


Connty. 


Alameda. 

Wayne 

Andemon 

Rappahannock 

Mineral 

De  Kalb 

Washington 

Page 

Lawrence 

Stone 

Texas. 

Pierce 

Pierce 

Barnes 

Clermont 

Kewaunee 

Lee 

Shoshone 

Lawrence 

Faulkner 

Kosciusko 

Finney 

Grartou 

Rockland 

Ashtabula 

Hughes 

Saint  Lawrence 

Vigo 

Montcalm 

Montcalm 

Morrison 

Baxter 

Warrick 

Haywood 

Trempealeau ... 

Dakota 

Iroquois 

Haywood 

Clay 

Pittsylvania 

Elbert 

Livingston 

Jaj- 

Marion 

Ohio 

Warren 

Muscatine 

Lyon 

Carter 

Stoddard  

Wyoming 

Wyoming 

Brown 

Clark- 

Coshocton 

Fulton 

Knox 

Madison 

Perry 

Stark 

Berks 

Bradford 

Clfarfield 

Potter 

Morrison 

Shannon 

Marathon 

Montgomery.... 

Pike 

Marion 

Pike 

Pike 

Wayne 

Snohomish 

Salem- 

Stanton 

Swift 

Kankakee 

Vermilion 

Cherokee 

Iowa 

Surry 

Hancock 

Montgomery.... 

Faribault 

Cooper 

Cooper 

Moniteau-. 

Washington 

Harper 

Simpson 

Iron 

Boone 

Fillmore 

Griggs 

Denton 


PopuUtiou. 


1880.      1890, 


C60 


2,170 

2,108 

91  »7 

1,01)8 

1,4'il 

2,.')83 

1,:188 

474 

323 

73 


1,984 
1,743 

1,828 


1,360 

198 

1,084 


752 
1,369 
1,046 


2,494 

1,707 

1,572 

372 

924 

277 

1,927 

1,2.33 

79a 


716 


1,275 
4,134 
1,465 

990 
1,750 
2,423 

852 
1,100 
1,086 

987 


1,834 
1,797 

644 
1,339 
1,758 

720 

990 
1,307 

548 
3,059 
1,614 

921 
1,496 
1,441 

281 


340 


2,726 
665 


2,071 

246 

2,156 


3,497 

11 

231 

1,289 

1,523 
6:il 
884 

1,967 

1,229 
878 
324 

1,467 
209 

1,478 


1,341 

1,369 

&58 

1,002 


790 


634 

820 

2,436 

1,569 

2,2:i6 

778 

1,048 

1,276 

3,718 

804 

800 

762 

663 

193 

1,731 

852 

1,984 

2:J8 

2,511 

326 

897 

248 

709 

1,219 

1,021 

3,235 

1,954 

1,517 

1,410 

215 

1,387 

513 

1,878 

1,348 

1,(138 

359 

1,072 

236 

1,150 

4,578 

1,926 

873 

1,646 

1,999 

665 

1,043 

1,048 

1,002 

1,2:« 

2,572 

1,443 

483 

1,145 

1,758 

717 

1,121 

1,172 

602 

3,083 

1,604 

882 

1,308 

1,445 

1,111 

809 

418 

542 

2,580 

1,022 

667 

1,792 

456 

2,022 

488 

3,312 

162 

613 

1,292 

1,585 

695 

790 

2,322 

1,086 

913 

386 

1,788 

560 

2,003 

775 

637 

1,198 

757 

776 

781 

182 

1,090 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Pilot  Rock.  Ark 

Plnchem,  Ky 

Plnckney,  Mich 

Plnckney,  Mo 

Plnckney,  N.Y 

Plnckneyvlllc,  Ala 

Plnckneyville,  Ga 

Plnckney vllle,  III 

Pinckneyvllle,  III 

Plncoiining,  Mich 

Plnconnlng,  Mich 

Pine,  Ark 

Pine,  Col 

Pine,  Ind 

Pine,  Ind 

Pino,  Ind. 

Pine,  Blich 

Pine,  Mo 

Pine,  Neb 

Pine,  Neb 

Pine,  Pa 

Pine,  Pa 

I'ine,  Pa 

Pine,  Pa 

Pine,  Pa 

Pine,  Pa 

Pine,  Pa 

Pine  Apple,  Ala 

Pine  Applf,  Ala 

Pine  Bluff,  Ark 

Pine  Cinnega,  N.M 

Pine  City,  Minn.... 

Pine  City,  Minn 

Pine  City,  Ore 

Pine  Creek,  Idaho 

Pine  Creek,  Idaho 

Pine  Creek,  III 

Pino  Creek,  Neb 

Pine  Creek,  Ore 

Pine  Creek,  Ore 

Pine  Creek,  l*a 

Pine  Creek,  Pa 

Pine  Creek,  Va 

Pine  Creek,  Wis 

Pine  Flat,  Ala 

Pino  Glen,  Neb 

Pine  Grove,  Ala 

Pine  Grove,  Ala 

Pine  Grove,  Col 

Pine  Grove,  Idaho 

Pine  Grove,  Ky 

Pine  Grove,  Ky 

Pine  Grove,  Mich 

Pine  Grove,  Pa 

Pine  Grove,  Pa 

Pine  Grove,  Pa 

Pine  Grove,  Pa 

Pine  Grove,  S.C 

Pine  Grove,  S.C 

Pine  Grove,  Wis 

Pine  Hill,  Fla 

Pine  Hill,  Ga 

Pine  Island,  Minn 

Pine  Island,  Minn 

I'ine  Knot,  Ala 

Pine  Knot,  Ga 

Pine  Knot,Ga 

Pine  Knot,  Ky 

Pine  Lake,  Minn 

Pine  Level,  Ala 

Pine  Level,  Fla 

Pine  Level,  N.C 

Pinellas,  Fla 

Pine  Log,  Ga 

I'ine  Mountain,  Ark.... 

Pine  Plains,  Mich 

Pine  Plains,  N.Y 

Pine  I'rairie,  Ark 

Pine  Ridge,  Ark 

Pine  River,  Col 

Pine  River,  Mich 

Pine  River,  N.M. 

Pine  River,  Wis 

Pine  Bock.  Ill 

Pinery,  Cal 

Pine  Springs,  Ala 

Pine  Swamp,  N.C 

Pine  Tavern,  Ky 

Pine  Top,  Va 

Pine  Tucky,  Ala, 

Pinetucky,  Ga 

Pine  Valley,  Ore 

Pine  Valley,  Utah 

Pine  Valley,  Wis 

Plneville,  Ala. 

Pineville,  Ala. 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

mag.-dist 

post-vlll 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-pr<'Ct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townslilp 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

city 

precinct 

township 

lK)st-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

township 

post  prect 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 


County. 


Johnson 

Clarke 

Livingston  

Warren 

Lewis 

Clay 

Gwinnett 

I'erry 

Perry 

Bay.". 

Bay - 

Cleburne 

Jefferson 

Benton 

Porter 

Warren 

Montcalm 

Stone 

Brown 

Keya  Paha 

Alleghany 

Armstrong 

Columbia 

Crawford 

Indiana 

Lycoming 

Mercer 

Wilcox 

Wilcox 

Jefferson 

Grant 

Pine 

Pine 

Morrow :. 

Latah« 

Lemhi 

Ogle 

Sheridan 

Harney 

Wallowa 

Clinton 

Jefferson 

Carroll 

Taylor 

Dallas 

Brown 

DeKalb 

Escambia 

Douglas , 

Elmore 

Greenup 

Rowan 

Van  Bnren 

Schuylkill 

Schuylkill 

Venango 

Warren 

Edgefield 

Orangeburg 

Portage 

Bradford 

Decatur 

Goodhue 

GoiKlhuo 

Cleburne 

Chattahoochee 

Marion 

Whitley 

Otter  Tail 

Montgomery... 

De  Soto 

Johnston 

Hillsborough  .. 

Bartow , 

Faulkner 

Allegan , 

Dutcliess 

Crawford 

Monroe 

La  Plata 

Gratiot 

San  Juan 

Lincoln 

Ogle 

San  Diego 

Lamar. 

Ache , 

Bullitt 

Middlesex 

Perry , 

Laurens 

Union , 

Washington 

Clark , 

Marengo 

Monroe...-. 


Population. 


1880.      1800. 


267 

1,548 

427 

1,119 

1,152 

718 

1,694 

3,583 

964 

738 

300 

254 


666 

697 

972 

1,029 


773 
728 
911 
386 

1,189 
640 

1,652 

2,426 
358 

3.203 


600 


1,199 


1,078 
1,189 
2,58; 


1,512 


659 

1,887 

2,327 

957 

956 

1,332 

2,656 

2,426 

330 

769 

1,575 

949 

656 

7ii6 

610 


2.611 


2,097 


219 


1,12(1 
44 
643 

1,3.52 
839 
828 


2,749 


278 
1,137 


777 
1,984 
2,363 

809 
1,563 


234 

682 

695 

1,573 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Pineville,  Fla 

Pineville,  Kj' 

Pineville,  La 

Pineville,  La 

Piueville,  Mo 

Pineville,  Mo 

Pineville,  K.O 

Pine  Wood,  Tenn.... 

Piney,  Ark 

Piney,  Ark 

Piney,  Ark 

Piney,  Ark 

Piney,  Ky 

Piney,  Mo 

Piney,  Mo 

Piney,  Mo 

Piney,  Pa 

Piney,  Tenn 

Piney  Creek,  N.C 

Piney  Creek,  N.C 

Piney  Fork,  Ark 

Piney  Grove,  N.C 

Piney  Woods,  Ky 

Pin  Hook,  Ala 

Pinhook,  Ky 

Piuk  Hill,  N.C 

Pinkney,  S.C 

Pinneo,  Col 

Pin  Oak,  111 

Pinole,  Cal 

Pinora,  Mich 

Pinog  AltoB,  N.M 

Pinos  Altos,  N.M 

Pinson,  Tenn 

Pintlala,  Ala 

Pinto,  Uti\h 

Pioche,  Nev 

Pioneer,  Iowa 

Pioneer,  Kan 

Pioneer,  Kan 

Pioneer,  Kan 

Pioneer,  Mich 

Pioneer,  Neb 

Pioneer,  Neb 

Pioneer,  0 

Pioneer,  Tenn 

Pioneerville,  Idaho- 
Pipe  Creek,  Ind 

Pipe  Creek,  Ind 

Piper  City,  III 

Piper's  Gap,  Va 

Pipersville,  Wis 

Pipestem,  W.  Va 

Pipestone,  Mich 

Pipe  Stone,  Minn 

Pippins  Mill,  Fla 

Piqiia,  0 

Plreway,  N.C 

Piru,  Cal 

Piscataway,  Md 

Piscataway,  N.J 

Pitcairn,  N.Y 

Pitcher,  Iowa 

Pitcher,  N.Y 

Pitkin,  Col 

Pitkin,  Col 

Pitman,  Ga 

Pitman,  111 

Pitt,  0 

Pittsburg,  Ark 

Pittsburg,  Col 

Pittsburg,  Ga 

Pittsburg,  Ga 

Pittsburg,  Ind 

Pittsburg,  Kan 

Pittsburg,  Kan 

Pittsburg,  Kv 

Pittsburg,  Md 

Pittsburg,  N.U 

Pittsburg,  I'a 

Pittsburg,  Tex 

Pittsfield,  III 

Pittsfield,  111 

Pittsfield,  Me 

Pittsfield,  Mass 

Pittsfield,  Mich 

Pittsfield,  N.H 

Pittsfield,  N.Y 

Pittsfield,  0 

Pittsfield,  Pa 

Pittsfield,  Vt 

Pittsfield,  Wis 

Pittsford,  Iowa 

Pittsford,  Mich 

Pittsford,  N.Y 

Pittsford,  N.Y 


Bank  of 
place. 


precinct 

mag.-Uist 

ward 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

civil-dist 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-preet 

township 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-tw-p 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

poet  town 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-vill 

precinct 

city 

post-town 

township 

district 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

village 

post-town 

city 

township 

post-town 

district 

post-town 

city 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

I)08t-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 


County. 


Hamilton 

Bell 

Rapides 

Kapides 

McDonald 

McDonald 

Mecklenburg... 

Hickman 

Carroll 

Cleburne 

Johnson 

Madison 

Crittenden 

Oregon 

Pulaski 

Texas 

Clarion 

Loudon 

Alleghany 

Ashe 

Sharp 

Sampson 

Clinton 

Lawrence 

Robertson 

Lenoir 

Union 

Washington 

Madison 

Contra  Costa.... 

Lake 

Grant 

Grant 

Madison 

Lowndes 

Washington 

Lincoln 

Cedar 

Graham 

Bice 

Bush 

Missaukee 

Chase 

Deuel 

Williams 

Campbell 

Bois6 

Madison 

Miami 

Ford 

Carroll 

Jefferson 

Summers 

Berrien 

Pipe  Stone 

Calhoun 

Miami 

Columbus 

Ventura 

Prince  George's 

Middlesex 

Saint  Lawrence 

Cherokee 

Chenango 

Gunnison 

Gunnison 

Madison 

Montgomery.... 

Wyandot 

Johnson 

Gunnison 

Baldwin 

Fulton 

Carroll 

Crawford 

Mitchell 

Laurel 

Wicomico 

Coos 

Alleghany 

Camp 

Pike 

Pike 

Somerset 

Berkshire 

Washtenaw 

Merrimack 

Otsego 

Lorain 

Warren 

Rutland 

Brown 

Butler 

Hillsdale 

Monroe 

Mouroe 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


2,323 

2,117 

703 

1,:«8 

147 

1,401 

288 

319 

274 

226 

411 

1,.576 

604 

535 

1,725 

822 

1,000 

988 

1,120 

1,290 

2,569 

1,241 

1,127 

86G 

767 

3,127 


1,149 


375 


150 
220 

1,959 
156 
745 

1,395 


393 
649 
299 


2.958 

1,019 

423 

2,742 

89 

1,307 

1,495 

222 

515 

6,031 


2,063 

3,242 

790 

864 

1,076 


1,891 

981 

896 

1,268 

1,304 


1,248 


400 
624 
529 


2,117 

681 

156,389 

745 

3,254 

2,104 

1,909 

13,364 

1,233 

1,974 

1,450 

976 

1,740 

712 

730 

1,614 

2,236 

756 


294 

3,773 

2,195 

640 

1,686 

192 

1,340 

304 

684 

361 

333 

669 

1,531 

1,064 

713 

2,601 

742 

940 

1,165 

1,296 

1,041 

2,401 

1,132 

1,273 

668 

857 

3,087 

91 

1,119 

340 

890 

1,015 

870 

264 

2,037 

108 

676 

1,266 

362 

665 

489 

154 

259 

98 

596 

225 

137 

4,660 

1,506 

460 

2,973 

49 

l,0,i5 

1,446 

1,232 

?260 

9,090 

133 

174 

1,650 

3,286 

1,103 

1,303 

983 

410 

371 

1,638 

919 

1,228 

1,682 

69 

1,422 

684 

327 

6,697 

565 

641 

2,402 

609 

238,617 

1,203 

3,270 

2,295 

2,5a3 

17,281 

1,158 

2,605 

1,218 

893 

1,851 

468 

941 

782 

1,500 

2,129 

852 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Bank  of 
place. 


Pittsford,  Vt 

Pitt's  Grove,  N.J 

Pittston,  Me 

Pittstou,  Pa 

PitUton,  Pa 

Pittstown,  N.Y 

Pittsville,  Wis 

Pixley,  111 

Placer,  Mont 

Placerville,  Cal 

Placerville,  Cal 

Placerville,  Ac,  Col 

Placerville,  Idaho 

Placita,  N.M 

Plain,  Ind 

Plain,  O 

Plain,0 

Plain,  O 

Plain,  0 

Plain  City.O 

Plain  City,  Utah 

PlainBeld,  Conn 

Plainfield,  111 

Plainfield,  III 

Plainfield,  Ind 

Plainfield,  Mass 

Plainfield,  Mich 

Plsinfield,  Mich 

Plainfield,  N.H 

Plainfield,  N.J 

Plainfield,  N.Y 

Plainfield,  0 

Plainfield,  Pa 

Plainfield,  S.D 

Plainfield,  Vt 

Plainfield,  Wis 

Plain  Grove,  Pa 

Plains,  Pa 

Plains,  Va 

Plainview,  Kan 

Plaiiiview,  Minn 

Plainview,  Minn 

Plainview,  Neb 

Plainville,  Conn 

Plainville,  Ga 

Plainville,  Kan 

Plainville,  Kan 

Plainwell,  Mich 

Plaistow,  N.H 

Plankinton,  S.D 

Plankinton,  S.D 

Piano,  111 

Piano,  S.D 

Piano,  Tex 

Plant,  Neb 

Plant  City,  Fla 

Plaut  City,  Fla 

Planter,  Ark 

Plantersville,  Ala 

Plaquemine,  Ky 

Plato,  111 

Plato,  Iowa 

Plato,  Minn 

Plato,  S.D 

Platoro,  Col 

Platte,  Col 

Platte,  Col 

Platte,  Iowa 

Platte,  Iowa 

Platte,  Mich 

Platte,  Jlo 

Platte,  Mo 

Platte,  Mo 

Platte,  Mo 

Platte,  Neb 

Platte,  Neb 

Platte,  Neb 

Platte,  Neb 

Platte,  Neb 

Platte,  Ac,  S.D 

Platte  Centre,  Neb 

Platte  City,  Mo 

Plattekill,  N.Y 

Platte  Valley,  Neb 

Platteville,  Col 

Plalteville,  Col 

Platteville,  Wis 

PUtteville.  Wis 

Plattford,  Neb 

Plattin,  Mo 

Plattsburg,  Miss 

Plattsburg,  Mo 

Plattsburg,  N.Y 

Plattsburg,  N.Y 

Plattsmouth,  Neb 

Plattamoutb,  Neb 


post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-bo  ro' 

post-town 

city 

tuwnship 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

city 

city 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

post  twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

preci  net 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

city 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-beat 

city 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

city 


County. 


Butland 

Salem 

Kennebec..., 

Luzerne 

Luzerne 

Rensselaer.. 

Wood 

Clay 

Jefi'erson 

Kl  Dorado.... 
El  Dorado.... 
San  Miguel. 

Boise 

Taos 

Kosciusko... 

Franklin 

Stark 

Wayne 

Wood 

Madison 

Weber 

Windham.... 

Will 

Will 

Hendricks... 
Hampshire.. 

Iosco 

Kent 

Sullivan 

Union 


Coshocton , 

Northampton. 

Brul6 

Washington... 

Waushara , 

Lawrence , 

Luzerne , 

Rockingham.. 

Phillips 

Wabasha , 

Wabasha 

Pierce , 

Hartford 

Gordon 

Rooks 

Rooks 

Allegan 

Rockingham... 

Aurora 

Aurora 

Kendall....^...., 

Hanson 

Collin 

Lincoln 

Hillsborough.. 
Hillsborough.. 

Chicot 

Dalla» 

Jessamine 

Kane 

Sioux 

McLeod 

Hand 

Conejos 

Douglas 

Jefferson 

Taylor 

Union 

Benzie 

Andrew 

Buchanan 

Clay 

Clinton 

Buffalo 

Butler 

Dawson 

Dodge 

Polk 

Charles  Mix.... 

Platte 

Platte 

Ulster 

Douglas 

Weld 

Weld 

Grant 

Grant 

Sarpy 

Jefferson 

Winston 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Clinton 


Cass.. 


Population. 


1880.     1890. 


1,982 
1,778 
2,468 
2,660 
7,472 
4,095 
163 
1,566 


2,949 
1,951 


1,467 
1,270 
2,.')40 
1,993 
1,985 

908 

653 
4,021 
1,713 

686 
60 

457 
61 
1,008 
1,372 
8,125 
1,195 

300 
2,468 


729 
348 
788 
6,354 
6,.529 
272 
675 
668 


1,930 

993 

651 

39 

1,356 

1,002 


1,782 


656 


.549 
1,089 
2,.'>27 

982 


49 


1,367 
903 
170 
1,610 
1,218 
2,352 
1,389 


673 


47 

670 

2,205 

997 


3,813 
2,087 
632 
1,692 
2,542 
1,344 
8,283 
6,245 
1,208 
4,176 

183 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP  1860  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Kante  of  place  and 
•Ut«. 


Plntt  SprinK*.  S  0 

Pluttvlile,  Iowa. 

Pleasant,  III 

Pleamiit,  Iiul 

PiMUiant,  IikI 

Pleasant,  Inil 

Pleasant,  Iiid 

Pleaitant,  Inil 

Pleasant,  Iiid 

Pleasinit,  Ind 

Pleasant,  Ind 

Pleasant,  Iowa 

Pleasant,  Iowa 

Pleasant,  luwa 

Pleasant,  luwa 

Pleasant,  Iowa 

Pleasant,  Iowa 

Pleasiint,  Iowa 

Pleasant,  Iowa 

PItnsunt,  Iowa 

Pleasant,  Iowa 

Pleasant,  Iowa 

PleaMnt,  Kan 

Pleasant,  Kiin 

Pleasant,  Knn 

Pleiisant,  Kan 

Pleiisant,  Kan 

Pleasant,  Neb 

Pleasant,  N.D 

Pleasant,  N.D 

Pleasant,  0 

Pleasant,  0 

Pleasant,  O 

Pleasant,  0 

Pleasant,  0 

Pleasant,  0 

Pleasant,  0 

Pleasant,  0 

Pleasant,  0 

Pleasant,  0 

Pleasant,  0 

Pleasant,  0 

Pleasant,  0 

Pleasant,  O 

Pleasant,  0 

Pleasant,  Pa 

Pleasant,  S.D 

Pleasant,  S.D 

Pleasant,  S.D 

Pleasant,  S.D 

Pleasant,  S.D 

Pleasant,  Wash 

Pleasant,  W.  Va 

Pleasant,  W.  Va 

Pleasant,  W.  Va. 

Pleasant  Creek,  Ore 

Plea.sant  Creek,  Utah... 

Pleasant  Dale,  Kan 

Pleasant  Gap,  Mo 

Pleasant  Green,  Utah... 

Pleasant  Grove,  Ala 

Pleasant  Grove,  Ala 

Pleasant  Grove,  Ala 

Pleasant  Grove,  III 

Pleasant  Grove,  Iowa... 
Pleasant  Grove,  Iowa... 
Pleasant  Grove,  Iowa... 
Pleasant  Grove,  Iowa... 
Pleasant  Grove,  Kan.... 
Pleasant  Grove,  Minn.. 

Pleasant  Grove,  N.C 

Pleasant  Grove,  N.C 

Pleasant  Grove,  N.C... 

Pleasant  Grove,  S.D 

Pleasant  Grove,  Utah... 

Pleasant  Grove,  Va 

Pleasant  Grove,  Va 

Pleasant  Hill,  Ala 

Pleasant  Hill,  Ala 

Pleasant  Hill,  Ala 

Pleasant  Hill,.\rk 

Pleasant  Hill,  Ark 

Pleasant  Hill,  Ga 

Pleasant  Hill,Oa 

Pleasant  Hill,  III 

Pleasant  Hill,  III 

Pleasant  Hill,  Minn 

Pleasant  Hill,  Mo 

Pleasant  HIU,  Mo 

Pleasiint  Hill,  Mo 

Pleasant  Hill,  Neb 

Pleasant  Hill,  Neb 

Pleasant  Hill,  Neb 

Pleasant  Hill,  Neb 

Pleasant  Hill,  N.D 

Pleasant  Hill,  O 

184 


Ilank  of 
plaoa. 


township 

town.shij) 

township 

township 

lownnhip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

town.ship 

township 

township 

precinct 

rownship 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

t<jwnship 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

posttwp 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

post  prect 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

jwst-twp 

tiiwnship 

townsliip 

township 

city 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

post- prect 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

niil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 


County. 


Lexington 

Mills 

Kniton 

Allen 

Grant 

Johnson 

La  Porte 

Porter 

Steuben 

Switzerland.... 

Wabash 

Ap|Mnoo«e 

Cass 

Hardin 

Lucas 

Monroe 

Pottawattamie 

Poweshiek 

Ugion 

Wapello 

Winneshiek.... 

Wright 

Butler 

Coffey 

Harvey 

Lincoln 

Smith 

Jefferson 

Cnss 

Griggs 

Brown 

Clark 

Fairfield 

Franklin 

Hancock 

Hardin 

Henry 

Knox 

Logan 

Mndison 

Marion 

Perry 

Putnam , 

Seneca 

Van  Wert 

Warren 

Clark 

Hanson 

Jerauld 

Lincoln 

Sully .... 

Asotin 

Barbour. 

Clay 

Preston , 

Jackson 

Pi  Ute 

Rush 

Bates 

Salt  Lake , 

Limestone 

Pickens , 

Walker... , 

Coles 

Des  Moines 

Floyd 

Mahaska , 

Marion 

Greenwood , 

Olmsted , 

Alamance , 

Johnston 

Randolph 

Brule 

Utah 

Lunenburg 

Norfolk 

Clarke 

Cullman 

Dallas 

Izard 

Newton 

Oglethorpe 

Talbot 

Pike 

Pike 

Winona 

Cass 

Cas" 

Sullivan 

Cherry 

Hitchcock 

Saline , 

WeliRter , 

Kidder. , 

Miami 


Population. 


1880.       1890. 


851 

1,im 

1,>J37 

l.tMl 

1,043 

2,673 

674 

892 

2,483 

2,024 

2,184 

1,010 

1,174 

1,180 

h\ib 

1,,V)0 

655 

707 

082 

l,aM 

929 

594 

029 

1,021 

687 

803 


227 


2,940 
1,581 
2,281 
2,291 
1,800 
5,492 
1,773 
1,032 
1,123 
1,433 
1,188 
1,0.53 
3,013 
1.417 
5,413 
395 


1,430 

813 

1,825 


474 

1,463 

179 


195 


1,4S)0 

1,150 

055 

912 

1,557 

509 

1,044 

1,.M4 

1,850 

1,397 


1,775 

1,945 

2,7,39 

427 

025 

1,571 

814 

424 

822 

1,432 

i,4a5 

270 

819 

3,073 

2,.372 

1,052 


1,014 
409 


1,283 

1,421 

1,843 

1,377 

1,076 

2,724 

712 

984 

2,971 

1,784 

2,474 

1,:I48 

1,601 

1,202 

804 

1,212 

781 

074 

039 

929 

803 

1,240 

001 

1,193 

729 

455 

021 

891 

&i8 

158 

3,010 

1,597 

2,113 

2,232 

2,587 

1,407 

2,773 

805 

1,114 

1,910 

1,077 

1,098 

3,280 

1,470 

0,896 

640 

296 

413 

281 

019 

100 

132 

1,020 

986 

1,891 

247 

31 

292 

1,246 

310 

1,263 

221 

710 

l,9:i5 

912 

019 

909 

1,495 

640 

804 

1,716 

1,393 

1,537 

220 

1,926 

2,0(10 

3,084 

024 

1,223 

1,687 

818 

037 

1,223 

1,469 

1,411 

310 

791 

2,780 

2,217 

1,242 

202 

241 

970 

580 

08 

621 


Kame  of  place  aud 
•lata. 


Pleasant  Hill,  Ore 

Pleasant  Hill,  Ore 

Pleasant  Hill,  8.C 

Pleasant  Home,  Neb.. 
Pleasant  Lake,  Ind.... 
Pleasant  Lake,  S.D.... 
Pleasant  Mound,  III... 
Pleasant  Mounds,  Minn 

Plcasanton,  Kan 

Pleasanton,  Mich 

PIvusanton,  Tex 

Pleasant  Plains,  III 

Pleasant  Plains,  Mich. 
Pleasant  Prairie,  Minn 
Pleasant  Prairie,  Wis.. 

Pleasant  Ridge,  Ala 

Pleasant  Itidge,  Ark.... 

Pleasant  Kidgo,  111 

Pleasant  Kidge,  Iowa.. 
Pleasant  Ridge,  Kan.... 

Pleasant  Ridge,  Mo 

Pleasant  Ridge,  0 

Pleasant  Run,  Ind 

Pleasant  Site,  Ala 

Pleasant  Springs,  Wis.. 
Pleasant  Unity,  Pa. 
Pleasant  Vale,  111... 
Pleasant  Valley,  Idaho 

Pleasant  Valley,  III 

Pleasant  Valley,  Iowa 
Pleasant  Valley,  Iowa.. 
Pleasant  Valley,  Iowa.. 
Pleasant  Valley,  Iowa.. 
Pleasant  Valley,  Iowa.. 
Pleasant  Valley,  Iowa 
Pleasant  Valley,  Iowa- 
Pleasant  Valley,  Kan... 
Pleasant  Valley,  Kan... 
Pleiisant  Valley,  Kan  .. 
Pleasant  Valley,  Kan.. 
Pleasant  Valley,  Kan... 
Pleasant  Valley,  Kan... 
Pleasant  Valley,  Kan... 
Pleasant  Valley,  Md.... 
Pleasant  Valley,  Minn. 
Pleasant  Valley,  Mo.... 
Pleasant  Valley,  Neb... 
Pleasant  Valley,  N.Y... 
Pleasant  Valley,  N.Y... 
Pleasant  Valley,  N.D... 

Pleasjint  Valley,  Pa 

Pleasant  Valley,  S  D.... 
Pleasant  Valley,  S.D.... 
Pleasant  Valley,  S.D.... 
Pleasant  Valley,  S.D.... 
Pleasant  Valley,  S.D.... 
Pleasant  Valley,  Wis... 
Pleasant  Valley,  Wis.... 
Pleasant  Valley  Junc- 
tion, Utah 

Pleasant  View,  III 

Pleasant  View,  Kan.... 

Pleasant  View,  Ky 

Pleasant  View,  Mich... 
Pleasant  View,  Minn... 

Pleasant  View,  Neb 

Pleasant  View,  N.D 

Pleasant  View,  N.D 

Pleasant  View,  S.D 

Pleasant  View,  S.D 

Pleasant  View,  Utah.... 

Pleasnntville,  Iowa 

Pleasantville,  0 

Pleasiintville,  Pa 

Pleasantville,  Pa 

Pleasureville,  Ky 

Pleasureville,  Ky 

Plevna,  Ala 

Plevna,  Kan 

Plevna,  Ore 

Plotra,  N.C 

Plover,  Wis 

Plover,  Wis. 

Plowden's  Mills,  S.C... 

PInm,  Kan 

Plum,  Pa 

Plum,  Pa 

Plumas,  Cal 

Plumb,  Col 

Plumb.  Kan 

Plum  Bayou,  Ark 

Plum  Creek,  Iowa 

Plum  Creek,  Kan 

Plum  Creek,  Neb 

Plum  Creek,  Neb 

Plum  Creek,  Neb... 


Bank  of 
plaoe. 


precinct 
|H)Bt-prect 

IlOSt-tW]) 

precinct 

I>OBt-town 

township 

poet-twp 

post-twp 

city 

post-twp 

post-town 

IX)8t-vill 

township 
post-twp 

|K)8ttWp 

|X)st-prect 

townsliip 

townshi|) 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

poBt-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

district 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

IK>st-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

l)08t-prect 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

towushl|) 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

|)ost-vill 

borough 

post-boro' 

mag.-dist 

post  vill 

post-prect 

post-twp 

po8t-i)rect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 


County. 


Clackamas 

Lane.. 

Lancaster 

Polk 

Steuben 

Aurora 

Bond 

Blue  Karth 

Linn 

Manistee 

Atascosa 

Sangamon 

Lake 

Martin 

Kenosha 

Greene 

Fulton 

Livingston 

Lee 

Pawnee 

Barry 

Hamilton 

Lawrence 

Franklin 

Dane 

Westmoreland. 

Pike 

Owyhee 

Jo  Daviess 

Carroll 

Cerro  Gordo.. .. 

Fayette 

Grundy 

Johnson  

Scott 

Webster 

Cowley 

Decatur 

Finney 

Ford 

Pawnee 

Saline 

Wilson 

Washington.... 

Mower 

Wriglit 

Do<lge 

Dutchess 

Dutchess 

Foster , 

Potter 

Aurora i 

Clay 

Hand , 

Hughes.... 

Marshall , 

Ettu  Claire 

Saint  Croix 


Utah 

Macon 

Cherokee 

Whitley 

Emmet 

Norman 

Holt 

Grand  Forks.. 

Griggs 

Beadle 

Potter 

Weber 

Marion 

Fairfield 

Bedford 

Venango 

Henry 

Henry , 

Madison.... 

Reno 

Klamath 

Cabarrus , 

Portage 

Portage 

Clarendon 

Phillips 

Alleghany 

Venango 

PInmas 

Weld 

Wabaunsee.... 

Jefferson 

Kossuth 

Mitchell 

Boone 

Butler 

Frontier......... 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


331 
a39 
2,425 
868 
451 


696 
709 
481 
393 
417 
350 
238 
1,386 
2,<I02 
782 
737 
903 
820 


1,708 


1,278 

298 

1,823 


923 
493 
319 

1,501 
880 
604 
821 
905 

1,099 


913 

42,' 
848 
1,304 
699 
722 


1,785 
429 


941 
693 


1,331 
1,107 


449 
334 
227 
855 
1,731 
175 


198 

139 

997 

1,220 

412 

9.55 

055 

1,721 

1,116 

1,057 


2,968 


673 
284 
63 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Plum  Creek,  Neb.... 

Plum  Creek,  Neb 

Plum  Creek,  Neb 

Plum  ('reek,  Pa 

Plum  Grove,  Kan 

Plum  Grove,  Neb 

Plum  Hill,  111 

Plumlee,  Ark 

Plummer,  S.D 

Plummer  Mill,  Ky 

Plummerville,  Ark 

Plumstcad,  Pa 

Plumsted,  N.J 

Plunkett  Creek,  Pa 

Plymouth,  Cal 

Plymouth,  III 

Plymouth,  Ind 

Plymouth,  Iowa 

Plymouth,  Iowa 

Plymouth,  Kan 

Plymouth,  Me 

Plymouth,  Mags 

Plymouth,  Mich 

Plymouth,  Mich 

Plymouth,  Minn 

Plymouth,  Neb....i 

Plymouth,  N.H 

Plymouth,  N.Y 

Plymouth,  N.C 

Plymouth,  N.C 

Plymouth,  0 

Plymouth,  0 

Plymouth,  0 

Plymouth,  Pa 

Plymouth,  Pa 

Plymouth,  Pa 

Plymouth,  Utah 

Plymouth,  Vt 

Plymouth,  W.  Va 

Plymouih,  Wis 

Plymouth,  Wig 

Plymouth,  Wis 

Plymouth,  Wis 

Plympton,  Mass 

Poca,  W.  Va 

Poca,  W.Va 

Pocahontas,  Ala 

Pocahontas,  Ark 

Pocahontas,  111 

Pocahontiis,  Ore 

Pocahontas,  Tenn 

Pocahontas,  Va 

Pocafalieo,  W.  Va 

Pocntello,  Idaho 

Pocket,  N.C 

Pocomoke  City,  Md 

Pocono,  Pa 

Pocopson,  Pa 

Pocotalago,  Ga 

Pocotaligo,  S.C 

Poe,  Iowa 

Poe,  W.Va 

Poestenkill,  N.Y 

Poe  Valley,  Ore 

Pohatcong,  N.J 

Pohocco,  Neb 

Point,  Aik 

Point,  III 

Point,  Ind 

Point,  Ky ; 

Point,  Pa 

Point  Arena,  Cal 

Point  Barrie,  Alaska.... 
Point  Barrow,  Alaska.. 
Point  Belcher,  Alaska.. 

Point  Caswell,  N.C 

Point  de  Luce,  Ark 

Point  Ellis,  Alaska 

Point  Hope,  Alaska 

Point  Isabel,  Tex 

Point  Lay,  Alaska 

Point  of  Rocks,  Md 

Point  of  Kocks,  Mont... 

Point  Pleasant,  111 

Point  Pleasant,  Mo 

Point  Pleasant,  W.  Va. 
Point  Uemove,  Ac,  Ark 

Point  Reyes,  Cal 

Point  Washington,  Fla 

Pojuaque,  N.5I 

Pojuaque,  N.M 

Pokagon,  Mich , 

Poland,  Ark 

Poland,  Iowa 

Poland,  Me , 

Poland,  N.Y 

13 


Bank  of 
place. 


precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

city 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

city 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

niil.-dist 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-town 

hamlet 

village 

village 

post-vill 

township 

village 

village 

township 

hamlet 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 


County. 


Gosper 

Pawnee 

Wayne 

Armstrong 

Butler 

Piene 

Washington 

Newton 

BruI6 

Fleming 

Conway 

Bucks 

Ocean 

Lycoming 

Amador 

Hancock 

Marshall 

Cerro  Gordo 

Plymouth 

Russell 

I'enobscot 

Plymouth 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Hennepin 

Jefl'ei'son 

Grafton 

Chenango 

Washington 

Washington 

Ashtabula 

Richland 

Richland 

Luzerne 

Luzerne 

Montgomery.... 

Box  Elder 

Windsor 

Mercer 

Juneau 

Rock 

Sheboygan 

Sheboygan 

Plymouth 

Kanawha 

Putnam 

Blount 

liandolph 

Bond 

Baker 

Hardeman 

Tazewell 

Putnam 

Bingham 

Moore 

Worcester 

Monroe 

Chester 

Madison 

Hampton 

Ringgold 

Hancock 

Rensselaer 

Klamath 

Warren 

Saunders 

Woodruff. 

Calhoun 

Posey 

Henderson 

NorthumberI'd 
Mendocino 


Pender 

Arkansas.. 


Cameron. 


Frederick 

Beaver  Head... 

Warren 

New  Madrid.... 

Mason 

Conway 

Marin 

Washington.... 

Santa  F6 

Santa  Fe 

CasB 

Greene ,.. 

Buena  Vista.... 
Androscoggin., 
Chautauqua.,.. 


Population. 


1,996 
a77 


14U 


723 

135 

2,.'>37 

1,661 

777 

740 

593 

2,670 

339 

357 

1,073 

828 

7,093 

3,339 

1,025 

1,072 

443 

1,719 

1,302 

3,399 

836 

780 

1,700 

1,145 

7,318 

6,065 

1,916 

300 

1,075 

1,263 

840 

1,245 

1,482 

1,052 

694 

2,587 

145 


326 

369 

1,800 

192 


1,860 


1,939 
1,425 

1,208 
564 

1,278 

1,922 
5.52 
894 

1,672 


753 

1,020 

1,681 

1,161 

978 

926 

198 


290 


915 
221 
1,036 
500 
403 
312 


1,32:J 

981 

133 

2,442 

1,530 


895 

745 

496 

1,788 

535 

210 

902 

334 

126 

924 

214 

2,336 

1,327 

777 

768 

710 

2,723 

246 

586 

1,096 

C89 

7,314 

3,950 

1,172 

1,053 

719 

1,852 

1,156 

3,900 

1,212 

76fi 

1,586 

l,13;j 

8,363 

9,344 

2,244 

319 

755 

1,848 

829 

1,188 

1,356 

1,503 

697 

3,038 

284 

532 

507 

372 

366 

274 

2,953 

2,885 

2,3:10 

1,306 

1,866 

1,041 

613 

1,431 

1,917 

1,807 

834 

1,602 

141 

1,483 

899 

1,.3(X) 

1,741 

1,086 

1,270 

778 

709 

92 

WI 

1\> 

127 

528 

170 

301 

479 

77 

364 

49 

812 

137 

1,853 

1,141 

770 

384 

655 

101 

1,214 

1,131 

683 

2,472 

1,608 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Poland,  0 

Poland,  0 

Polar,  Wis 

Polecat,  Ala 

Polecat,  Ga 

Polk,  Ark 

Polk,  Ark , 

Polk,  Ark 

Polk,  III 

Polk,  111 

Polk,  Ind 

Polk,  Ind 

Polk,  Ind 

Polk,  Ind 

Polk,  Iowa 

Polk,  Iowa , 

Polk,  Iowa 

Polk,  Iowa , 

Polk,  Iowa 

Polk,  Iowa 

Polk,  Iowa 

Polk,  Iowa 

Polk,  Mo 

Polk,  Mo 

Polk,  Mo 

Polk,  Mo 

Polk,  Mo 

Polk,  Mo 

Polk,  Mo 

Polk,  Mo 

Polk,  Mo 

Polk,  Mo 

Polk,  Mo 

Polk,  O 

Polk,  0 

Polk,  Pa 

Polk,  Pa 

Polk,  Wis 

Pulk  Center,  Minn 

Polksville,  Ga 

Polksville,  Ky 

Polktou,  Mich 

Polkton,  N.C 

Polkville,  Ala 

Pollard,  Ala 

Pollard,  Ala 

Pollard,  Ark 

Pollocksville,  N.C 

Pollocksville,  N.C , 

Polo,  Ark 

Polo,  III , 

Polo,  Mo 

Polvadera,  N.M 

Ponieroy,  Idaho 

Pomeroy,  Iowa 

Ponieroy,  0 

Pomeroj',  Wash 

Pomfret,  Conn 

Pomfrot,  N.Y 

Pomfret,  Vt 

Ponime  de  Terre,  Minn 

Pomona,  Cal 

Pomona,  III 

Pomona,  Kan 

Pomona,  Kan 

Pomona  View,  N.D 

Pomonkey,  Md 

Pompey,  N.Y 

Pompton,  N.J 

Ponca,  Neb 

Ponca,  Neb 

Ponce  de  Leon,  Fla 

Ponce  de  Leon,  Mo 

Ponchatoula,  La 

Poncho  Spiings,  Col 

Pond  Creek,  Ky , 

Pond  Creek,  Ky 

Pond  Creek,  Mo 

Ponds,  Ga , 

Pond  Spring,  Ga , 

Ponil,  N.M 

Ponil  Park,  N.M 

Pontiac,  111 

Pontiac,  111 

Pontiar,  Mich 

Piintiac,  Mich 

Pontiac,  N.D 

Pontoosuc,  111 

Pontoosuc,  III 

Pontotoc,  Miss , 

Pontotoc,  Tex 

Pool  Mill,  Ga 

Poolesville,  Md 

Pop  Castle,  Ga 

Pope,  Ga , 

Pope,  III 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

pust-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

city 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

city 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

city 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

district 

post-town 

post  twp 

township 

city 

post-prect 

post  twp 

post-town 

post  town 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

city 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

district 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 


County. 


Mahoning 

Mahoning 

Langlade 

Perry 

Habersham..., 

Calhoun 

Montgomery., 

Newton , 

Macoupin 

Pope 

Huntington.., 

Marshall 

Monroe , 

Washington.., 

Benton 

Bremer 

Jefferson 

Marvin 

Polk 

Shelby 

Taylor 

Wapello 

Adair 

Atchison 


Christian 

Dade 

De  Kalb 

Madison... 

Nodaway 

Ray 

Saint  Clair 

Sullivan 

Ashland 

Crawford 

Jefferson 

Monroe 

Washington... 

Polk 

Hall 

Bath 

Ottawa 

Anson 

Calhonn 

Escambia 

E-cambia 

Clay 

Jones 

Jones 

Carroll 

Ogle 

Caldwell 

Socorro 

Ada 

Calhoun 

Meigs 

Garfield 

Windham 

Chautauqua... 

Windsor 

Grant 

Los  Angeles... 

Jackson 

Franklin 

Franklin 

La  Moure 

Charles 

Onondaga 

Passaic 

Dixon 

Dixon 

Holmes , 

Stone 

Tangipahoa... 

Chaffee 

Jackson 

Pike 

Greene 

Warren 

Walker 

Colfax 

Collax 

Livingston 

Livingston 

Oakland 

Oakland 

Cass 

Hancock 

Hancock 

Pontotoc 

Mason 

Troup 

Montgomery.. 

Putnam 

Jones 

Fayette 


Population. 


1880.     1890. 


2,512 
462 


667 

197 

440 

603 

459 

869 

931 

1,107 

1, 

1,043 

1,06' 

1,410 

1,252 

1,180 

735 

443 

443 

893 

910 

716 

1,828 

1,499 

1,416 

1,117 

1,345 

875 

6,062 

1,534 

605 

3,002 

335 

6,518 

361 

1,100 

2,03" 


877 
1,344 
2,688 

183 

892 
1,429 

347 


2,228 
.53 
781 

1,819 
72 


186 
6,560 


1,470 

4,551 

1,139 

150 


1,396 


269 


1,276 
3,24(1 
2,261 


293 

170 

1,900 

1,127 

1,009 

475 

1,365 


3,414 

2,242 
1,000 
4,509 


789 
266 
447 


901 
4,252 
921 
999 
700 

185 


2,592 

391 

444 

726 

270 

630 

834 

637 

890 

873 

1,010 

1,949 

1,080 

919 

1,301 

1,233 

1,090 

659 

446 

809 

790 

865 

850 

1,690 

1,267 

2,236 

1,572 

1,731 

?  1,000 

7,102 

2,169 

688 

2,94:} 

264 

7,200 

610 

1,125 

2,071 

.307 

790 

1,451 

2,584 

247 

802 

1,469 

389 

981 

2,259 

143 

1,240 

1,728 

415 

.381 

671 

481 

4,726 

661 

1,471 

6,479 

865 

420 

3,634 

1,646 

960 

466 

47 

1,167 

3,859 

2,153 

663 

1,009 

297 

301 

459 

101 

2,453 

1,858 

855 

612 

1,805 

350 

164 

4,066 

2,784 

947 

6,2tK» 

2U 

742 

249 

6:« 

274 

620 

2,416 

1,178 

1,050 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  TIIE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED- 


Mmme  of  pUc«  and 
•U(«. 


Pope  HiU.'O*. 

Poplar,  8.C. 

PopUr  Bluff,  Mo 

Poplar  nUiff,  Mo 

PopUr  liraiich,  N.O.^... 

Poplar  Crock,  Ky 

Poplar  Creek,  Mil*. 

Poplar  Grove,  Ark 

PopUr  Grove,  III 

Poplar  Grove,  Ky 

Poplar  Grove,  N.D 

Poplar  Hill,  Ga. 

Poplar  PUius,  Ky 

Poplar  I'luiiiB,  Ky 

Poplar  Point,  N.C 

Poplar  Bidge,  Ala 

Poplar  River,  Minn 

Poplar  Spring,  Ga 

Poplar  Spriiigs,  Ala 

Poplar  Springo,  Ala...... 

Poplar  Springs,  Ga. 

Poplar  Tent,  N.C 

Poplarville,  Miss 

Popof  Island,  Alaska... 

Poquoson,  Va 

Porcupine  River,  Alaa. 

Portage,  lud 

Portage,  Ind 

Portage,  Mich 

Portage,  Midi 

Portage,  Midi 

Portage,  Mo 

PorUge,  N.Y 

Portage,  0.... 

Portage,  O „ 

Portage,  0 

Portage,  0 

Portage,  0 

Portage,  Pa 

Portage,  Pa 

Portage,  I'a 

Portage,  Pa 

Portage,  S.D 

Portage,  Utah 

Portage,  Wash 

Portage,  Wis 

Portage  Creek,  Pa 

Portage  des  Siou.x,  Mo. 

Port  Allcfi^hany,  Pa 

Port  Austin,  Mich 

Port  Austin,  Mich 

Port  Blakelev,  Wash.... 

Port  Byron,  ill 

Port  Byron,  III 

PortBryon,  N.Y 

Port  Carbon,  Pa 

Port  Chester,  N.Y 

Port  Clarence,  Alaska.. 

Port  Clinton,  O 

Port  Clinton,  Pa 

Port  Costa,  Cal 

Port  Crescent,  Wash.... 

Port  Deposit,  Md 

Port  Deposit,  Md 

Port  Dickinson,  N.Y.... 
Port  Discovery,  Wash... 

Port  Edwards,  Wis 

Porter,  Ala 

Porter,  Ark 

Porter,  Col 

Porter,  Ind 

Porter,  Mo 

Porter,  Mich 

Porter,  Mich 

Porter,  Mich 

Porter,  Mo 

Porter,  Neb 

Porter,  N.Y 

Porter,  O 

Porter,  O 

Porter,  Pa 

Porter,  Pa 

Porter,  Pa. 

Porter,  Pa. 

Porter,  Pa 

Porter,  Pa. 

Porter,  Pa 

Porter,  WU 

Porterfield,  Wis 

Porter  Mill,  Ga 

Porter's  Mills.  Wis 

Portersville,  Ala 

Portersrille,  Cal 

Portersville,  Pa 

Port  Kwen,  N.Y 

(ort  Fulton,  Ind 

186 


Bank  of 
plac«. 


mll.-dlit 

tuwnship 

township 

city 

poat-twp 

precinct 

post-beat 

post-towu 

post-vill 

niag.-dist 

township 

inil.-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

township 

niil.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

niil.-dist 

township 

post-towu 

village 

niag.-dist 

village 

tuwnship 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

townxhip 

township 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

city 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-bo  ro' 

township 

pust-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

|)ost-bi>ro' 

|K)8t-vill 

village 

post-vill 

pc8t-bi>ro' 

|)08t-town 

post-towu 

district 

post-vill 

|X)8t-vill 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

|i08t-boro' 

IKMt-vill 

township 


Ooantjr. 


Jefferson 

Orangeburg.... 

Butler 

Butler 

Currituck 

Knox 

Montgomery.. 

Phillips 

Boone , 

Oweu , 

Burleigh , 

Telfair 

Fleming 

Fleming , 

Martin 

Madison 

Polk 

Banks 

DeKalb 

Tallapoosa 

Clayton , 

Cabarrus 

Pearl  River.... 


York 


Porter 

Saint  Joseph.. 

Houghton 

Kalamazoo 

Mackinac 

New  Madrid... 

Livingston 

Hancock , 

Ottawa 

Summit 

Wood 

Wood 

Cambria 

Cambria 

Cameron 

Potter 

Brown 

Box  Elder 

Snohomish 

Columbia 

McKean 

Saint  Charles., 

McKean 

Huron 

Huron 

Kitsap 

Rock  Island..., 
Rock  Island..., 

Cayuga 

Schuylkill , 

Westchester..., 


Ottawa 

Schuylkill 

Contra  Costa.. 

Clallam 

Cecil 

Cecil , 

Broome 

Jefferson 

Wood 

Montgomery., 

Crawford 

Ouray 

Porter 

Oxford 

Cass 

Midland , 

Van  Buren 

Christian 

Richardson... 

Niagara 

Delaware 

Sciuta 

Clarion 

Clinton 

Huntingdon.. 

Jefferson 

Lycoming , 

Pike 

Schuylkill 

Rock 

Marinette 

Hal)ersham.... 

Eau  Clair 

De  Kalb 

Tulare 

Butler 

Ulster 

Clarke ... 


Population. 


1880.     1890, 


1,881 
1,612 
1,778 

7Ul 
1,8U 
1,310 
2,353 

110 

ica 

1,232 


1,866 

278 


930 
1,918 
1,496 


1,97-2 


808 
14,050 
2,8&3 
1,007 


603 

1,295 

914 

2,094 

2,5JU 

1,434 

304 

765 

274 

186 

114 


462 


4,346 


2,641 
731 

],.^56 
757 


9.34 

799 

1,146 

2,346 

3,254 


1,600 
686 


4,260 

1,950 

373 


348 
2,809 


980 
1,096 
1,964 

302 
1,224 

838 

646 
2,278 

925 
2,274 
1,592 
1,056 
1,039 

669 

636 

99 

2,625 

1,224 


202 

216 

1,580 

907 


1,746 

2,137 

4,796 

2,187 

1,910 

1,206 

2,090 

200 

232 

1,616 

8 

364 

1,869 

229 

880 

980 

378 

1,127 

628 

1,063 

1,103 

1,736 

232 

146 

2,468 

160 

954 

22,858 

3,631 

041 

171 

446 

1,1:10 

811 

2,572 

2,659 

2,328 

438 

1,M0 

664 

226 

314 

611 

646 

129 

5,143 

690 

2,309 

1,230 

1,469 

671 

967 

a55 

776 

1,105 

1,976 

6,274 

485 

2,049 

606 

627 

364 

4,313 

1,908 

345 

913 

682 

2,916 

400 

90 

1,121 

1,016 

1,576 

604 

1,091 

1,057 

747 

2,210 

774 

2,401 

1,R61 

l,a38 

906 

647 

1,007 

89 

3,691 

1,236 

.460 

148 

1,196 

394 

[606 

190 

1,211 

1,104 


Name  of  place  aud 
•Utte. 


Port  Gamble,  Wash 

Port  Gamble,  Wash 

Port  Gibson,  MIhs 

Port  Henry,  N.Y 

Port  Ho|)e,  Mich 

Port  Huron,  Mlch...„... 

Port  Huron,  Mich 

Portia,  Ark 

Port  Jefferson,  O 

Port  Jervis,  N.Y 

Port  Jervis,  N.Y 

Portland,  Ala 

Portland,  Ark 

Portland,  Col 

Portland,  Col 

Portland,  Conn 

Portland,  Fla 

Portland,  HI 

Portland,  Ind 

Portland,  Iowa. 

Portland,  Iowa. 

Portland,  Iowa... 

Portland,  Me 

Portland,  Mich 

Portland,  Mich 

Portland,  N.Y 

Portland,  N.D 

Portland,  (» 

Portland,  Ore 

Portland,  Pa 

Portland,  S.D 

Portland,  W.  Va 

Portland,  Wis 

Portland,  Wis 

Port  Lavaca,  Tex 

Port  Leyden,  N.Y 

Port  Louisa,  Iowa 

Port  Ludlow,  Wash 

Port  Ludlow,  Wash 

Port  Madison,  Wash.... 
Port  Madison,  Wash.... 

Port  Orchard,  Wash 

Port  Orford,  Ore 

Port  Peiin,  Del 

Port  Perry,  Pa 

Port  Richmond,  N.Y.... 

Port  Royiil,  Ky 

Port  Royal,  Pa 

Port  Royal,  Pa 

Port  Royal,  SC 

Poit  Royal,  Va 

Port  Royal,  Va 

Portsmouth,  Iowa 

Portsmouth,  Mich 

Portsmouth,  N.H 

Port-mouth,  N.C 

Portsmouth,  0 

Portsmouth,  R.I 

Portnmouth,  Va 

Port  Tampa,  Fla 

Port  Tobacco,  Md 

Port  Tobacco,  Md 

Port  Townsend,  Wash.. 
Port  Townneud,  Wash.. 

Port  Union,  0 

Portville,  N.Y 

Port  Washington,  0 

Port  Washington, Wasli 
Port  Washington,  Wis. 
Port  Washington,  Wis.. 

Port  William,  0 

Pooen,  Mich 

Posen,  Minn 

Posey,  Ind 

Posey,  Ind 

Posey,  Ind 

Posey,  Ind 

Posey,  Ind 

Posey,  Ind 

Posey,  Ind 

Posey,  Ky 

Poseyvilie,  Ind 

Posom  Rock,  Tenn 

Post,  Iowa 

Post  Onk,Ga 

Post  Oak,  Mo 

Post  Oak,  Tex 

Postville,  Iowa 

Potomac,  Md 

Potomac,  Va 

Potosi,  Kan 

Potosi,  Mo 

Potosi,  Wis 

Potrero,  Cal 

Put-dam,  N.Y 

Potsdam,  N.Y 


Rank  of 
place. 


precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

puHt-vill 

townsliip 

city 

IKMtt-tOWU 
|MJ8t-Vill 

post-vill 

village 

post-prect 

|)ust-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

l>o8t-prect 

township 

city 

post-twp 

township 

township 

city 

township 

l)ost-vill 

{Kist-town 

city 

township 

city 

post-bo  ro' 

township 

nuig.-<iist 

tuwnship 

post-twp 

post-town 

IKJSt-Vill 

township 

precinct 

city 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

village 

post-boro' 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

city 

post-twp 

city 

post-town 

city 

post-town 

district 

post-vill 

precinct 

city 

post-vill 

lK)«t-town 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

city 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

civil-dist 

township 

mil  -(list 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-town 

district 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

jiost-prect 

township 

post-vill 


County. 


Kitsap 

Kitiiap 

Claiborne 

E^ssex 

Huron 

Saint  Clair 

Saint  Clair 

Lawrence 

Shelby 

Orange 

Suffolk 

Dallas 

Ashley 

Ouray 

Ouray 

Middlesex 

Walton 

Whiteside 

Jay 

Corro  Gordo 

Kossuth 

Plymouth 

Cumberland 

Ionia 

Ionia 

Chautauqua..... 

Traill 

Erie 

Multnomah 

Northampton ... 

Deuel 

Preston 

Dodge 

Monroe 

Calhoun 

Lewis 

Louisa 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Kitsap 

Kitsap 

Kitsap 

Curry 

New  Castle 

Alleghany 

Richmond 

Henry 

Dauphin 

Juniata 

Beaufort 

Caroline 

Caroline 

Shelby 

Bay 

Rockingham.... 

Carteret 

Scioto- 

Newport 

Norfolk 

Hillsborough.... 

Charles 

CharleM 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Butler. 

Caltaraugns 

Tuscarawas 

Kitsap 

Ozaukee 

O/aukee 

Clinton 

Presque  Isle 

Yellow  Med 

Clay 

Fayette 

Franklin 

Harrison 

Rush 

Switzerland 

Washington 

MadisoD 

Posey 

Scott 

Allamakee 

Cobb 

Johnson 

Jack 

.\llamakee 

Montgomery.... 
King  George.... 

Linn 

Washington 

Grant 

San  Diego 

Saint  Lawrence 
Saint  Lawrence 


Population. 


1880.      18M). 


2,494 


1,010 
8,883 


421 
8,678 
1,724 

837 
1,086 


4,157 

900 

926 

1,694 

629 

63 1 

305 

33,810 

2,809 

1,670 

2,014 


16,838 

17,577 
608 


2,S75 
1,271 
1,056 


693 
"212 


22:j 

252 

1,100 

3,.5C1 

2,ia3 

555 

621 

387 

3,826 

347 


779 

9,690 

222 

11,321 

1,979 

11,390 


2,227 
202 


917 

76 

2,4fJO 

634 


2,601 

1,386 

181 

858 

133 

2,477 

981 

1,039 

1,978 

1,846 

2,105 

1,411 

839 


1,650 

650 

1,858 


732 


2,222 

2,347 

715 

2,375 


7,610 
2,762 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Pottawatomie,  Kan 

PottawHtoniie,  Kan 

Pottawatomie,  Kan 

Potter,  Neb 

Potter,  N.Y 

Potter,  Pa 

Potter  Valley,  Cal 

Potterville,  Mich 

Potts,  Mich 

Potts,  S.C 

Pottsborougli,  Tex 

Pottsdnm,  Neb 

Pott's  Grove,  Pa 

Pottstown,  I'a 

Pottsville,  Ky 

Pott8ville,  Pa 

Poughkeepsie,  N.Y 

Poiighkeepsie,  N.Y 

Poultney,  Vt 

Poundriilge,  N.Y 

Poway,  Cal 

Powderliorn,  C!ol 

Powder  Springs,  Ga.... 
Powder  Springs,  Ga.... 

Powel,  Neb 

Powell,  Ark 

Powell,  Ark 

Powell,  Ga 

Powell,  Kan 

Powell,  S.D 

Powell,  Va 

Powell  Creek,  Col 

Powell's  Valley,  Ore... 

Powellton,  Ga 

Powellton,  Va 

Powellton,  W.  Va 

Poweshiek,  Iowa 

Powhatan,  Ark 

Powhatan,  Iowa 

Powhatan,  Md 

Powhatan,  Va 

Powhaltan.Kan 

Pownal,  Me 

Pownal,  Vt 

Poygan,  Wis 

Poyner,  Iowa 

Poyiiette,  Wis 

Poy  Sippi,  Wis 

Prague,  Neb 

Prairie,  Ark 

Prairie,  Ark 

Prairie,  Ark 

Prairie,  Ark 

Prairie,  Ark 

Prairie,  Ark 

Prairie,  Ark 

Prairie,  Ark 

Prairie,  Ark 

Prairie,  Ark 

Prairie,  Ark 

Prairie,  Ark 

Prairie,  Ark 

Prairie,  Ark 

Prairie,  Ark 

Prairie,  Ark 

Prairie,  III 

Prairie,  111 

Prairie,  111. 

Prairie,  Ind 

Praiiie,  Ind 

Prairie,  Ind 

Prairie,  Ind 

Prairie,  Ind 

Prairie,  Iowa 

Prairie,  Iowa 

Prairie,  Iowa 

Prairie,  Iowa 

Prairie,  Iowa 

Prairie,  Iowa 

Prairie,  Kan 

Prairie,  Kan 

Prairie,  Kan 

Prairie,  Mo 

Prairie,  Mo 

Prairie,  Mo 

Prairie,  Mo 

Prairie,  Mo 

Prairie,  Mo 

Prairie,  Mo 

Prairie,  Mo 

Prairie,  Mo 

Prairie,  Mo 

Prairie,  Mo 

Prairie,  Mo 

Prairie,  Neb 

Ptairie,  N.D „ 


Bank  of 
place. 


po8t-twp 

township 

township 

postprect 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-viU 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-bo  ro' 

mag.-dist 

post-boro' 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-prect 

mil  -dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

niil.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

postrtown 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

poft-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townebip 


County. 


Coffey 

Fi%uklin 

Pottawatomie., 

Cheyenne 

Yates 

Centre 

Mendocino 

Eaton 

Oscoda 

Florence 

Grayson 

Webster 

Montgomery... 
Montgomery... 
Washington.... 

Srhuylkill 

Dutchess 

Dutchess 

Kutland 

Westchester.... 

San  Diogo 

Gunnison 

Cobb 

Cobb 

Jeffeinon 

Faulkner 

Craighead 

Johnson 

Comanche 

Edmunds 

Scott 

Rio  Blanco 

Multnomah..... 

Hancock 

Brunswick 

Fayelte 

Jasper 

Lawrence 

Pocahontas 

Baltimore 

James  City 

Brown 

Cumberland.... 
Bennington.... 

Winnebago 

Black  Hawk... 

Columbia 

Waushara 

Saunders 

Arkansas 

Boone 

Carroll 

Cleveland 

Drew 

Franklin 

Johnson 

Lonoke 

Madison 

tiar.on 

Newton 

Saint  Francis.. 

Searcy  

Sebastian 

Washington.... 

Yell 

Edgar 

Hancock 

Shelby 

Henry 

Kosciusko 

Tipton 

Warren 

White 

Davis. 

Delaware 

Fremont 

Keokuk 

Kossuth , 

Mahaska 

Jewell 

Wilson 

Wyandotte 

Audrain 

Bates 

Carroll 

Franklin 

Howard 

Jackson 

Lincoln 

McDonald 

Montgomery... 

Pettis 

Randolph 

Schuyler 

Phelps 

La  Moure 


Population. 


471 

817 

1,105 

66 

1,940 

2,375 


471 


927 


485 
3,984 
6,305 
1,282 

13,253 
4,628 

20,207 
2,717 
1,034 


1,978 


1,311 


3,513 


3.58 

772 

2,933 


1,282 
196 
258 


1,488 
1,214 

874 
2,019 

9-.'5 
1,1.'>7 

366 
1,031 


1,350 
667 

2,1'.)0 
405 
643 

2,417 
(i90 
566 

1,441 
8:i9 
751 
3:J8 
.331 
927 

5.110 


1,031 

1,223 

2,142 

1,708 

1,205 

l,92i 

98f 

2,140 

719 

593 

611 

1,105 


1,883 
701 
423 

1,1.51 

1,780 
841 


1,628 

2,.S85 

3,27<i 

988 

752 

2,774 

756 

3,081 

2,227 


791 

1,052 
955 
430 

l,6t:0 

1,764 
538 
505 
508 

1,202 
286 

1,402 

1,885 
13,285 

1,18S 
14,117 

4,782 
22,206 

3,031 
830 
406 
57 

1,808 
202 
300 
325 
907 
520 
193 
234 

4,336 
34 
800 
765 

2,898 
491 

2,105 
220 
648 
310 

1,536 

1,494 
712 

1,919 
747 
99(1 
517 
912 
185 

2,321 
617 

2,9<>5 

1,882 
881 

2,671 
806 
734 

1,600 
969 
868 

1,142 
448 

1,013 

0,032 
606 

1,078 

1,088 

2,207 

i,(;63 

1,098 

2,191 

763 

1,885 

731 

688 

691 

1,529 

434 

2,044 

773 

461 

1,042 

2,112 

710 

744 

l,4f<3 

2,107 

4,185 

972 

1,423 

2,644 

696 

3,066 

2,377 

1,609 

208 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Prairie,  O 

Prairie,  0 

Prairie,  S.D.. , 

Prairie  Bayou,  Ark 

Prairie  Bluff,  Ala 

Prairie  Centre,  N.D 

Prairie  Centre,  S.D.... 
Prairie  Centre.  S.D...., 

Prairie  City,  III 

Prairie  City,  III 

Prairie  City,  Iowa 

Prairie  City,  Ore 

Prairie  Creek,  111 

Prairie  Creek,  Ind 

Prairie  Creek,  Iowa..., 

Prairie  Creek,  Neb 

Prairie  Creek,  Neb 

Prairie  Creek,  Neb 

Prairie  Creek,  Ore 

Prairie  Dog,  Kan 

Prairie  Dog,  Kan 

Prairie  Dog,  Neb 

I'rairie  du  Chien,  Wis. 
Prairie  du  Chien,  Wis. 
Prairie  du  Long,  111... 
Prairie  du  Long,  HI..., 
Prairie  du  Rocher,  111. 
Prairie  du  Rocher,  111, 

Prairie  du  Sac,  Wis 

Prairie  du  Sac,  Wis 

Prairie  Farm,  Wis 

Prairie  Gregg,  La 

Prairie  Green,  III 

Prairie  Grove,  Ark 

Prairie  Grove,  Ark 

Prairie  Hill,  Ala 

Praiiie  Hi  .me,  Mo 

Prairie  Island,  Neb 

Prairie  Ronde,  Mich... 
Prairie  Spring,  Iowa.. 

Prairieton,  111 

Prairietim,  Ind 

Prairie  View,  Kan 

Prairie  View,  Minn.... 

Prairieville,  Mich 

Prairieville,  Minn 

Prairieville,  Mo 

Pra  tiler's  Creek,  N.C.. 

Pratt,  Kan 

Pratt  Mines,  Ala 

Prattsbnrg,  Ga 

Prattsliurg,  N.Y 

Prattsbnrg,  NY 

Prattsville,  N.Y 

Praitsville,  N.Y 

Prattville,  Ala 

Piattville,  Ala 

Preble,  Ind 

Preble,  Minn 

Preble,  N.Y 

Preble,  Wis 

Pre-emption,  III 

Prentice,  Wis 

Prentice,  Wis 

Prentiss,  Me , 

Prescott,  Ariz 

Prescott,  Ark 

Prescott,  Iowa 

Prescott,  Kan 

Prescott,  Mass 

Prescott,  Minn 

Prescott,  Wash 

Prescott,  Wis , 

President,  Pa , 

Presqiie  Isle,  Me 

Presque  Isle,  Mich 

Presto,  Minn 

Preston,  Ala 

Preston,  Conn , 

Preston,  Idaho 

Preston,  III 

Preston,  III 

Preston,  Iowa 

Preston,  Iowa 

Preston,  Ky 

Preston,  Minn 

Preston,  Minn , 

Preston,  Mo 

Preston,  Mo , 

Prestcm,  N.Y 

Preston,  Pa , 

Preston,  S.D 

Preston,  Wis 

Preston,  Wis 

Prestonburg,  Ky 

Prestouburg,  Ky 


Rank  of 

place. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

l>ost-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

postprect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

ward 

township 

towuKhip 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

Ijost-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

p<'St-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-town 

post  twp 

p<'8t-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

city 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

village 

precinct 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 


County. 


Franklin „ 

Holmes 

Union 

Hot  Spring.... 

Wilcox 

Walsh. 

Clay 

Spink 

McDonough... 
McDouough... 

Jasper 

Grant 

Logan 

Vigo 

Dubuque 

Hall 

Merrick 

Nance 

Wallowa 

Decatur 

Sheridan 

Harlan 

Crawford 

Crawford 

Monroe 

Saint  Clair 

Randolph...... 

Randolph 

Sauk 

Sauk 

Barron 

Vermilion 

Iroquois 

Washingtun-. 
WHshinglon„. 

Lowndes. 

Cooper 

Merrick 

Kalamazoo 

Jackson 

Christian 

Vigo 

Phillips 

Wilkin 

Barry 

Blown 

Pike 

Alleghany 

Pratt 

Jefferson 

Talbot 

Steuben 

Steuben 

Greene 

Greene 

Autauga 

Autauga , 

Adams , 

Fillmore 

Cortland , 

Brown 

Mercer 

Price 

Price 

I'enobscot 

Yavapai 

Nevada... 

Adams 

Linn 

Hampshire.... 

Faribault 

Walla  Walla.. 

Pierce 

Venango 

Aroostook 

Presque  Isle... 

Todd 

Sumter 

New  London.. 

Oneida 

Richland 

Union 

Jackson 

Plymouth 

Bath 

Fillmore 

Fillmore 

Jasper. 

Platte.. » 

Chenango 

Wayne 

Bn>oking8 

Adams 

Trempealeau.. 

Floyd 

Floyd 


Population. 


1880.   1890, 


1,926 
1,462 


1,358 
1,863 


1,359 
944 
591 


1,112 

1,382 
986 


314 
612 


337 

724 
2,777 
1,461 


1,189 
228 
613 
433 
828 

1,044 
962 
994 

""798 

906 

83 

1,100 

1,027 

950 

1,020 

638 

1.56 

1,191 

552 

1,283 

1,040 


975 
2,349 

661 
1,118 

398 


977 

997 

900 

1,138 

1,1.53 

1,113 


416 
1,8.36 
1,253 
891 
151 
460 
605 


975 

416 

2,446 

228 


1,486 
2,523 


1,220 
283 


235 
1,166 
1,825 

939 
1,040 
1,608 

909 
1,592 


136 

1,630 

935 

265 

187 


1,776 

1,424 

1,274 

617 

1,676 

688 

610 

141 

1,214 

812 

684 

222 

1,035 

1,54(5 

803 

377 

702 

635 

280 

237 

184 

393 

C02 

2,131 

1,287 

1,105 

1,395 

408 

618 

562 

1,047 

1,893 

915 

1,337 

412 

814 

1,051 

91 

998 

754 

1,067 

962 

056 

283 

1,040 

730 

1,125 

1,215 

3,418 

1,946 

849 

2,170 

607 

876 

384 

3,143 

724 

1,122 

780 

S85 

1,160 

8.54 

670 

365 

401 

],'69 

1,287 

1,017 

241 

376 

613 

313 

911 

366 

3,016 

219 

686 

1,167 

2,5.53 

1,.504 

1,307 

316 

489 

666 

1,.3M 

1,680 

1,580 

1,365 

1,695 

762 

1,317 

280 

209 

1,811 

1,248 

305 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP  1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


K«m«  of  pUce  and 
■tet«. 


Preston  Lake,  Minn 

Prestonville,  <kc.,  Ky... 

Price,  Ark 

Price,  0« 

Price,  Qa. 

Price,  P» 

Price,  Utah 

Price,  Utah 

Price,  \Vl» 

Price*,  Fla 

Price'a  Creek.  N.O. 

Priieville,  Ky 

Pride,  Ala 

Priuigliar,  Iowa 

Primrose,  ND 

Primrose,  Wis 

Princess  Anne,  Md 

Princess  Anno,  Md 

Princeton,  Ark 

Princeton,  Ark 

Princeton,  III 

Princeton,  111 

Princeton,  III 

Princeton,  Ind 

Princeton,  Ind 

Princeton,  Iowa 

Princeton,  Iowa 

Princeton,  Ky 

Princeton,  Ky 

Princeton,  Ble 

Princeton,  Mhss 

Princeton,  Minn 

Princeton,  Minn 

Princeton,  Mo 

Princeton,  N.J 

Princeton,  N.J 

Princeton,  N.C 

Princeton,  W.  Va 

Princeton,  Wis 

Princeton,  Wis  

Princetowu,  N.Y 

Princeville,  III 

Princeville,  111 

Princeville,  N.C 

Priueville,  Ore 

Prineville,  Ore 

Prior,  Minn 

Privateer,  S.C 

Proctor,  Ark 

Proctor,  Ky 

Proctor,  Ky 

Proctor,  Vt 

Proctor,  W.  Va 

Proctorville,  O 

Promised  Land,  Ark.... 

Promontory,  Utah 

Prompton,  Pa 

Propbetstown,  III 

Prophelstown,  111 

Prospect,  Conn 

Prospect,  Kau 

Prospect,  Me 

Prospect,  0 

Prospect,  0 

Prospect,  Ore 

Prospect,  Pa 

Prosi)ect  Park,  111 

Prosper,  S.D 

Prosperity,  S.C 

Prosser,  Ga 

Protection,  Kan 

Provencal,  La 

Providence,  Ala 

Providence,  Ala 

Proviiience,  Cal 

Providence,  Fla 

Providence,  Iowa 

Providence,  Iowa 

Providence   and   Anti- 

och,  Ky 

Providence,  Ky 

Providence,  Ky 

Providence,  Minn 

Providence,  N.Y 

Providence,  N.O 

Providence,  N.C„ 

Providence,  N.C 

Providence,  N.C 

Providence,  0...„ 

Providence,  Pa 

Providence,  R.I 

Providence,  S  C 

Providence,  S.C 

Providence,  Tenn 

Providence,  Utah 

Providence,  Va. 

188 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

niag.-diot 

township 

Diil.-dist 

mil..dlst 

township 

precinct 

post'Vill 

township 

precinct 

poat-twp 

nia{(.-dist 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

|>08t-twp 

district 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

city 

city 

township 

township 

post-vill 

niag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-l)oro' 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

poet-town 

ma);.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

post-bo  ro' 

township 

post-vill 

|)08t-to\vn 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post  boro' 

village 

township 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

Ix)8t-town 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-prect 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

m»g  -dist 

post-vill 

jiost-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-twp 

civil-dist 

post-prect 

mag.-dist^ 


County. 


BenTllle 

Carroll 

Washington 

Haralson 

Johnson 

Monroe 

Emery 

Kniery 

Langlade 

Duval. 

Yancey 

Hart 

Colbert 

O'Brien 

Steele 

Dane 

Somerset.  .„ 

Someiset 

DallHS 

Dallas 

Cas's 

Bureau 

Bureau 

Gib^n 

While 

Scott 

Scott 

Caldwell 

Caldwell 

Wiuthington 

Worcester 

Mille  Lacs 

Miile  Lacs 

Mercer 

Mercer 

Mercer 

Johnston 

Mercer 

Green  Lake 

Green  Lake .... 
Schenectady.... 

Peoria 

Peoria 

Edgecombe 

Crook 

Crook 

Big  Stone 

Sumter 

Crittenden 

Lee 

Leo 

Rntland 

Wetzel 

Lawrence 

Lawrence 

Box  Elder 

Wayne 

Whiteside 

Whiteside 

New  Haven 

Butler 

Waldo 

Marion 

Marion 

Umatilla 

Butler 

Du  Page 

Davison 

NewbeiTy 

Washington 

Comanche 

Natchitoches.... 

Chilton 

Pickens 

San  Bernardino 

Bradford 

Buena  Vista 

Hardin 


Trimble 

Webster 

Webster 

Lac-qui -Parle... 

Saratoga 

Mecklenburg... 

Pasquotank 

Randolph 

Rowan 

Lucas 

Lancaster 

Providence 

Orangeburg 

Sumter 

Trousdale 

Cache- 

Fairfax 


. Population. 


256 
3,476 


C6U 


2,7ti8 
«47 
143 


4,107 

7.51 

..l,tiU4 

2Uo 


4,8IU 
3,439 
2,666 

I,'i27 

494 

4,768 

1,234 

1,03.>< 

1,100 

330 

587 

1,240 

4,:i48 

3,209 


2,074 
961 
826 

1,682 
609 


1,103 


678 
2,171 
2,280 


2,662 
385 


131 
310 

1,709 
80:i 
492 
841 
770 

1,724 
609 


362 
197 


1,.')95 
415 


761 

.376 

1,161 

1,119 

1,72-.' 

267 

177 

994 

2,1«9 

783 

9:50 

1,-585 

1,164 

2,134 

104,857 

1,260 

2,034 

323 

578 

3.S50 


T300 

3,743 

673 

1,(M2 

3(W 

181 

602 

209 

233 

1,489 

1,06:1 

?2,8iK) 
627 

6ig 

316 

889 

4,414 

865 

1,333 

164 

321 

4,491 

3,396 

3,076 

1,465 

1,032 

398 

5,561 

1,857 

1,027 

982 

519 

816 

1,410 

4,231 

3,422 

248 

320 

2,1.53 

986 

732 

1,663 

641 

428 

835 

460 

652 

2,697 

2,880 

963 

277 

1,758 

2,616 

480 

206 

70 

269 

1,568 

694 

445 

820 

697 

1,765 

830 

288 

343 

473 

225 

565 

1,038 

304 

482 

2,079 

456 

119 

906 

648 

1,079 

1,042 

2,:«)9 

622 

400 

874 

2,499 

675 

1,040 

1,864 

1,266 

1,856 

132,146 

1,591 

2,333 

247 

782 

3,935 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Provincefown,  Mass, 

Pi-oviso,  III 

Provo  Itench,  Utah.. 

I'rovo  City,  L'tah 

Prussia,  Iowa 

Pryorsliurg,  Ky 

Pryorsburg,  Ky 

Puckett,  Ga , 

Puckett,  Ky 

Pueblo,  Col , 

Puertoeito,  N.M , 

Puerto  de  Luna,  N.M... 
Puesta  de  Luna,  N.M... 

Pukwana,  S.D 

Pulaski,  Ark 

Pulaski,  III 

Pulaski,  Mich 

Pulaski,  N.Y 

Pulaski,  N.D 

Pulaski,  t) 

Pulaski,  Pa. 

Pulaski,  Pa 

Pulaski,  S.C 

Pulaski,  Tenn 

Pulaski,  Wis 

Pulaski  City,Va 

Pullen,  Ga 

Pullman,  Wash 

Pulteney,  N.Y 

Pultney.O 

Pumpkin,  Ark 

Pumpkin,  Neb 

Punipkintown,  S.C 

Pumpkin  Vine,  Ga 

Puncheon,  Ky 

Puncheon,  Ky 

Pungo,  Va 

Pungoteague,  Va 

Puntii  de  Agua,  N.M.... 

Punta  Gorda,  Fla 

Punta  Gorda,  Fla 

Puntii  Baisa,  Fla 

Punxsutawney,  Pa 

Puidum,  Neb 

Purdy,  Ga 

Purdy,  Mo 

Purdy,  Tenn 

Purvis,  Miss 

Puryear,  Ga 

Puslieta,  0 

Putah,  Cal 

Put-in  Bay,  0 

Put-in  Bay,  0 

Putnam,  Conn 

Putnam,  III 

Putnam,  Iowa 

Putnam,  Iowa 

Putnam,  Kan 

Putnam,  Kan 

Putnam,  Mich 

Putnam,  N.Y 

Putnam  Valley,  N.Y.... 

Putnamville,  Ind 

Putney,  Vt 

Puxico,  Mo 

Puyallup,  Wash 

Puyallup,  Wash 

Pybus  Bay,  Alas 

PyCHtt,  Ark 

Pymatuning,  Pa 

Pyiuosa,  Iowa 

Pyramid  Harbor,  Alas.. 

Quaker  City,  0 

Quaker  Gap,  N.C 

Quaker  Meadow,  N.C... 

Quakertown,  Pa 

Quallatown,  N.C. 

Quanali,  Tex 

Quantico.  Md 

Quarry,  III 

Quartz.  Cal 

Quari/.burg,  Idaho 

Queakhpiighamute, 

Alaska 

Queen,  Minn 

Queen  Anne,  Md | 

Queen  City,  Mo 

Queen  City,  Tex 

Queensbury,  N.Y 

Queenstown,  Md 

Queenstown,  Pa 

Quelelochamute,  Alas... 

Quemado,  N.M 

Quemalioning,  Pa 

Quencmo,  Kan 

Queue  Tortue,  La 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-town 

post-to«  n 

precinct 

city 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

city 

precinct 

poet-prect 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

|)ost-vill 

township 

post-twp 

townsliip 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-bo  ro' 

piist-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

preciu' t 

post-vill 

hamlet 

township 

township 

township 

hamlet 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

I>08t-boro' 

post-twp 

post-town 

district 

town-ship 

township 

post-prect 

hamlet 
ownship 
district 
post-town 
post-town 
fiost-town 
district 
post-boro' 
village 
precinct 
post-twp 
post-vill 
ward 


County. 


Barnstable 

(.'ook 

Utah 

Utah 

Adair 

Graves 

Graves 

Gwinnett 

Harlan 

Pueblo 

San  Miguel 

Gua<lalou))e 

San  Miguel 

Bnil6 

Lonoke 

Pulaski 

Jackson 

Oswego 

Walsh 

Williams 

Beaver 

Lawrence 

Oconee 

Giles 

Iowa 

Pulaski 

Johnson 

Whitman 

Steuben... 

Belmont 

Woodruff. 

Banner 

Pickens 

Paulding 

Allen 

Magoffin 

Princess  Anne, 

Accomack 

Valencia 

DeSoto 

De  Soto 

Lee 

Jefferson 

Thomas 

Dawson 

Barry 

McNairy 

Marion 

Clarke 

Auglaize 

Yolo 

Ottawa 

Ottawa 

Windham 

Fulton 

Fayette 

Linn 

Anderson 

Stafford 

Livingston 

Washington.... 

Putnam 

Putnam 

Windham 

Stoddard 

Pierce 

Pierce 


Pulaski., 
Mercer.., 
Cass 


Guernsey... 

Stokes 

Burke 

Bucks 

Jackson 

Hardeman. 
Wicomico.. 

Jersey , 

Plumas 

BoisS 


Polk 

Prince  George's 

Schuyler 

Cass 

Warren 

Queen  Anne's.. 
Armstrong 


Bio  Arriba.. 

Somerset 

Osage 

Vermilion... 


Population. 


1880.      1890.     I 


4,346 
3,061 


3,432 
636 

2,168 
129 


290 
3,217 


656 

819 

1,168 

1,501 


4,430 
903 

1,684 
741 

2,0b9 

1,402 


243 


1,660 
10,492 


841 

600 
1,022 


2,436 
5,504 


674 
445 


667 

1,456 

1,060 

1,222 

381 

5,827 

1,917 

790 

887 

626 


1,294 
611 

1,.5,55 
204 

1,124 


928 

2,319 

955 


594 
2,681 

884 
1,769 

96^ 


1,608 
1,268 
1,006 


2,346 

357 

301 

9,805 

2,953 

217 


1,339 
122 

8G4 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890   COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  aud 
state. 


Quewhiffle,  N.C 

Quid  Nunc,  Ala 

Quiechluli-chamute, 
Alaska 

QuiechocUlogamute, 
Alaska 

Quilcene,  Wash 

Quiliian,  Ga 

Quilochugamute,  Alas.. 

Quiiicy,  Cal 

Quiucy,  Fla , 

Quincy,  111 

Quincy,  Iowa 

Quincy,  Kan 

Quincy,  Ky 

Quincy,  Ky 

Quincy,  Mass 

Quincy,  Mich 

Quincy,  Mich 

Quincy,  Mich 

Quincy,  Miun 

Quincy,  0 

Quincy,  Pa 

Quincy,  Teun 

Quincy,  Wis 

Quindaro,  Kan 

Qninhaghaniute,  Alas.. 

Quinnesec,  Midi 

Quinnimoiit,  W.  Ya 

Quintiina,  Tex 

Quinton,  N.J 

Quitman,  Ark 

Quitman,  Ga 

Quitman,  Ga 

Quitman,  Miss 

Quitman,  Miss 

Quitman,  Mo 

Quiver,  111 

Quosatin,  Ore 

Eal.bit  Town,  Ala 

Kabbitville,  Ga 

liaccoon.  111 

Kaccoon,  Ind 

Kaccoon,  Ky 

Baccoon,  0 

Kaccoon,  Pa, 

Race  Pond,  Ga 

Eacine,  Minn 

Uacine,  Wis 

BadeiBburg,  Mont 

Kadford,  Va 

Badfordsville,  Ala 

Badnor,  III 

Badnor,  0 

Badnor,  Pa 

Batting  Creek,  S.C 

Baglaii,  Iowa 

Eahu,  Pa 

Kiiliway,  N.J 

Bailroad,  Ark 

Bailroad,  Ind 

Bailroad,  Pa 

Kailsbach,  Fla 

Bainier,  Ore 

Bainier,  Ore 

Bainsburg,  Pa 

Baisin,  Mich 

Baisinville,  Mich 

Baleigh,  Ala 

Raleigh,  111 

Baleigh,  Ky 

Raleigh,  Ky 

Raleigh,  N.C 

Raleigh,  N.C 

Raleigh,  Tenn 

Raleigh  C.-H.,  W.  Va... 

Balpho,  Pa... 

Balston,  Col 

Balston's  Station.Tenn. 

Bamah,  N.M 

Baraapo,  N.Y 

Bam  Horn,  Ga 

Bamsay,  Iowa 

Itamsaytown,  N.C 

Ramsey,  111 

Ramsey,  111 

Ramsey,  Minn 

Ramsey,  S.D 

Bamshorn,  Idaho 

Banch,  Neb 

Banch,  Utah .] 

Ranclios  de  Albu- 
querque, N.M 

Ranchos  de  Atrisco, 
N.M 

Ranchos  La  Joya,  N.M. 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 
post-prect 

hamlet 

hamlet 

jwst-prect 

mil.-dist 

liamlet 

post-town 

post-town 

city 

post-twp 

[jost-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-twp 

civil-dist 

()08t-tWp 

post-twp 

village 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

l)ost-town 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

beat 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

city 

post-prect 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

mHg.-dist 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

civil-dist 

post-prect 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 
precinct 


County, 


Cumberland., 
Limestone .... 


Jefferson . 
Hall 


Plumas. 

Gadsden 

Adams 

Adams 

Greenwood.. 

Lewis , 

Lewis , 

Norfolk 

Dranch 

i)  ranch 

Houghton.... 

Olmsted 

Logan 

Fianklin.... 

Crockett , 

Adams 

Wyandotte.. 


Dickinson 

Fayette 

Brazoria 

Salem 

Cleburne 

Brooks 

Brooks 

Clarke 

Clarke 

Nodaway 

Mason 

Curry 

Calhoun 

Clinch 

Marion 

Parke 

Laurel 

Gallia 

Beaver 

Charlton 

Mower 

Bacine 

Jefferson 

Montgomery ... 

Perry..  

Peoria 

Delaware 

Delaware 

Sumter 

Harrison 

Schuylkill 

Union 

Chicot 

Starke 

York 

Calhoun 

Columbia , 

Columbia 

Bedford 

Lenawee 

Monroe 

Pickens 

Saline 

Allen 

Union 

Wake 

Wake 

Shelby 

Baleigh 

Northumberl'd 

Jefferson 

Weakley 

Valencia 

Rockland 

Tatnall 

Kossuth 

Yancey 

Fayette 

Fayette 

Anoka 

McCook 

Custer 

Sheridan 

Kane„ 


Population, 


1,012 


432 

639 

27,268 

2,345 
573 

1,405 

162 

10,570 

2,520 

1,120 

1,490 
745 
442 

3,187 
748 
397 

2,123 


Bernalillo., 


Bernalillo^ 
Socorro. 


47 

1,390 

177 

3,692 

1,400 

2,521 

41(1 

335 

827 


831 

724 

1,181 

1,294 


1,821 
1,092 


885 
1G,031 


1,246 

1,197 

1,209 

1,924 

2,176 

432 

2,129 

6,455 

947 

730 

220 


37; 


280 
1,564 
2,035 

661 
1,395 
],2:i7 
1,470 
13,843 
9,265 

108 

144 


1,594 


4,954 
549 
186 
675 

1,742 
376 
387 


1,448 
1,210 

83 

65 

274 

1,203 

12 

646 

681 

31,494 

2,472 

877 

1,701 

279 

16,723 

2,.')86 

1,250 

1,258 

687 

488 

2,972 

738 

393 

1,997 

109 

322 

2,659 

475 

1,307 

327 

3,937 

1,868 

2,492 

395 

332 

718 

87 

929 

422 

1,137 

1,702 

1,491 

1,594 

1,012 

295 

781 

21,014 

364 

2,060 

1,180 

1,096 

l,l.-)2 

3,799 

2,715 

565 

2,648 

7,105 

717 

875 

201 

113 

681 

2;i8 

247 

1,444 

1,830 

628 

1,694 

1,297 

1,217 

16,784 

12,678 

139 

158 

1,001 

109 

1,812 

370 

5,910 

797 

864 

927 

1,990 

f98 

398 

240 

70 

162 

120 

6.38 

403 

264 


Name  of  place  and 
ttute. 


Bandall,  Kan 

Riindall,  Kan 

Ran<lall,  Wis 

Randleman,  N.C 

Randleman,  N.C 

Randol,  Mo 

Randolph,  Ala 

Randolph,  Ark 

Randolph,  Ga 

Randolph,  111 , 

Randolph,  Ind , 

Randolph,  Ind 

Randolph,  Iowa. , 

Randolph,  Kan 

Randolph,  Me 

Randolph,  Mass 

Randolph,  Minn 

Randolph,  Mo 

Randolph,  Neb 

Randolph,  N.H 

Randolph,  N.J 

Randolph,  N.J 

Randolph,  NY 

Randolph,  N.Y 

Randolph,  0 

Randolph,  O 

Randolph,  Ore 

Randolph,  Piu 

Randolph,  Utah 

Randolph,  Vt 

Randolph,  Va 

Randolph,  Wis 

Randolph,  Wis 

Range,  0 

Rangley,  Col 

Rangeiey,  Me 

Rankin,  Ark 

Rankin,  III 

Rankin,  Neb 

Ransom,  HI 

Ransom,  Mich 

Ransom,  Minn 

Ransom,  NC 

Ransom,  N.D 

Ransom,  Pa 

Rautoul,  III 

Rantoul,  III 

Rantoul,  Wis 

Bapho,  Pa. 

Rapidan,  Minn 

Rapidan,  Va 

Rapid  Cit.v,  S.D 

Rapides,  La 

Rapid  River,  Mich 

Rapids,  Iowa 

Rapids  City,  III 

Rappahannock,  Pa 

Bappahannock,  Va 

Rappahannock,  Va 

Rarden,  0 

Raritan,  N.J 

Raritan,  HJ 

Raritan,  N.J 

ttaritan,  N.J 

Baiitan,  N.D 

Raritan,  S.D 

Rathbone,  N.Y 

Rathdrum,  Idaho 

Raton,  N.M 

Raton,  N.M 

Ravanna,  Mo 

Bavanna,  Mo 

Ravenna,  Mich 

Ravenna,  Minn 

Ravenna,  Neb 

Ravenna,  0 

Kavenna,  O 

Ravenna,  S.D 

Ravenna,  Tex 

liavenswood,  W.  Va 

Ravens  wood,  W.  Va 

Raw  Hide,  Ala 

Rawlings,  Md 

Rawlins,  Ga 

Rawlins,  III 

Rawlins,  Wyo 

Rawls,  Iowa 

Rawson,  0 

Rawville,  S.D 

Ray,  Ga 

Ray,  Ind 

Ray,  Ind 

Ray,  Mich 

Bay,  N.D 

Rnyado,  N.M 

Rayborn,  Ala 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

township 

jiost-twp 

mag.-dist 

city 

post-ward 

township 

township 

post-vill 

village 

mag.Hlist 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

district 

mil.-dist 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 


County. 


Jewell 

Thomas 

Kenosha ... 

Randolph.. 

Randolph.. 

Cape  Girardeau 

Bibb 

Desha 

Jackson 

McLean 

Ohio 

Tippecanoe 

Fremont 

Riley 

Kennebec 

Norfolk 

Dakota 

Saint  Frangoig. 

Cedar 

Coos 

Burlington 

Morris 

Cattaraugus.... 

Cattaraugus.... 

Montgomery... 

Portage.. 

Coos 

Crawford 

Rich.._ 

Orange 

Cumberland.... 

Columbia 

Dodge 

Madison 

Rio  Blanco 

Franklin 

Perry 

Vermilion 

Blaine  

La  Salle 

Hillsdale 

Nobles 

Columbus 

Sargent 

Lackawanna.,, 

Champaign 

Champaign 

Calumet , 

Lancaster , 

Blue  Earth 

Madison 

Pennington 

Rapides 

Kalkaska 

Linn 

Rock  Island 

Schuylkill 

Kssex 

King  George,... 

Scioto 

Hunterdon 

Middlesex 

Monmouth 

Somerset 

Barnes 

Day 

Steuben 

Kootenai 

Colfax 

Colfax 

Mercer 

Mercer 

Muskegon 

Dakota 

Buffalo 

Portage 

Portage 

Sanborn 

Fannin 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Lauderdale 

Alleghany 

Dodge 

Jo  Daviess 

Carbon 

Mills 

Hancock 

Codington 

Hart 

Franklin 

Morgan 

Macomb 

La  Moure 

Colfax 

Walker 


Population, 


1880.      1890. 


451 

1,383 

1,027 

1,8.33 

1,929 

65: 

1,8J5 

1,957 

3,377 

840 

213 

202 


4,027 
235 
76) 


203 

428 
7,700 
2,4-.9 
1,111 
2,327 
1,684 

353 
1,809 

440 
2,910 
3,125 
l,0.-.7 

421 
1,884 


503 


258 


1.32 
1,503 

105 
1,403 


040 
2,107 

850 
1,701 
3,799 

790 
2,712 

292 
2,919 

382 
12,008 

920 

731 
3,076 
2,176 


4,188 
3,789 
3,891 
2,040 


1,371 


1,572 
171 

1,189 
283 


4,224 
3,255 


3,805 
681 


928 
1,198 


1,451 
909 
227 


1,102 

2,141 

909 

1,538 


239 

1,040 

058 

2,627 

1,754 

1,761 

1,326 

800 

747 

1,833 

3,056 

786 

276 

305 

1,281 

3,946 

218 

837 

374 

137 

302 

7,972 

2,448 

1,201 

2,09« 

1,492 

146 

1,906 

472 

3,232 

3,010 

974 

405 

1,787 

152 

016 

316 

314 

50 

338 

1,403 

249 

1,.S20 

416 

060 

2,391 

1,074 

1,086 

3,068 

1,060 

2,496 

2,128 

3,824 

649 

18,939 

288 

549 

3,681 

2,030 

296 

3,798 

3,788 

4,779 

2,556 

166 

286 

1,269 

218 

1,481 

1,255 

1,464 

348 

1,466 

264 

628 

4,421 

3,417 

239 

237 

4,830 

817 

1,481 

762 

2,388 

264 

2,235 

910 

458 

268 

1,284 

2,244 

1,032 

1,404 

56 

123 

1,40« 


189 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  autl 


It«ye«,  Ala. 

]U\  iiier,  Col 

HiiymuDil,  Ci>l 

Rii>niuud,  III 

ltn>niuiid,  III 

KHjniitnd,  111 

Ra.viiiund,  Kati 

Kayinoiid,  Kau 

Kiiynioiid,  Me 

Kayniuiid,  Minn 

lUyiiioiMl,  N.II 

KHyiiiuud,  N.D 

Rayniuiid,  S.D 

Kiiyniuiid,  Wis 

KHyniore,  Mo 

Rjiyne,  La 

JUyne,  I'h 

lUyiier,  Trx 

nayiiliam,  &Ihm 

Kaytowii,  Ga 

lUyville,  lift 

Baywick,  Ky 

Kead,  Iowa. 

Bend,  Minu 

Read,  Neb 

Beudo,  Pa 

BeudDeld,  Me 

Beading,  III 

Beading;,  luwa 

Beading,  Iowa 

Beading,  Kan 

Beading,  Mag« 

Beading,  Mich 

Beading,  Neb. 

Beading,  N.Y 

Beading,  0 

Beading,  Pa. 

Beading,  Pa 

Beading,  Vt 

Beadington,  N.J 

Reailmond,  Midi.... 
BeadiilH>roug)i,  Vt... 
Ready  Braucli,  Fla. 

Beagan,  Tex 

Beanistown,  Pa , 

Beaves,  Ala 

Becen,  Col 

Becovery,  Ga 

Recovery,  O 

Bector,  Ark 

Bector,  III 

Bedan,  Ga 

Red  Apple,  Ala 

Red  Bank,  N.J 

Red  Bank,  Pa 

Red  Bank,  Pa 

Red  Bank,  \a. 

Red  Bluff,  Cal 

Red  Bluff,  Cal 

Red  Bluff,  S.C 

Redbone,  Ga 

Redbone,  Ga 

Redbone,  Ga 

Red  Bud,  III 

Red  Bud,  III 

Red  Cedar,  Wis 

Bed  Clay,  Ga 

Bed  Cliff,  Col 

Bed  Cliff,  Col 

Red  Cloud,  Neb 

Bed  Cloud,  Neb 

Red  Cloud,  N.M 

Bed  Colony,  Ark.... 

Red  Creek,  Col 

Red  Creek,  N.Y 

Reddie's  Kl»er,  N.C 

Redding,  Ala 

Redding,  Cal 

Redding,  Conn 

Redding,  Ind 

Reddish,  Mo 

Red  Kye,  Minn 

Redfield,  Ark 

Redtleld,  Iowa 

Redfield,  Kan 

Redfield,  N.V 

Redfield,  S.D 

Redford,  Mich 

Red  Fork,  Ark 

Red  Hill,  Ala 

Re.1  Hill,  Ark 

Bed  Hill,  N.C 

Bed  Hill,  8.C 

Red  Hook,  N.Y 

Red  Hook,  N.Y 

Bed  Hollow,  Ga. 

190 


Bank  of 
place. 


precinct 

poat-prect 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-viU 

township 

poat-vlll 

l>ost-town 

township 

l>o8t-town 

township 

post-twp 

poottwp 

post-twp 

pout-Till 

township 
IMMt'town 
Ix>8t-town 
luil.-dist 

t)08t-vill 

niag.-dist 

poet-twp 

village 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

post-town 

poet-twp 

post-twp 

poet-town 

preeintt 

post-town 

lK)8t-viU 

post-|irect 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-town 

ti>wn8hip 

mil.-dist 

post  prect 

post-town 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

city 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

city 

|)08t-tWp 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-viU 

township 

city 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post  town 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

city 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-diat 


County. 


Marion .•.. 

WttW „.... 

Runtt 

Uhanipaigo  ... 
Montgomery.., 
Montgomery.... 

Rice 

Rice 

Cumberland, 

Stettnis 

Rocklughaui.... 

Cass „ 

Clark 

Kacina 

Cass  

Acadia. 

Indiana 

Sionewall.„ 

Bristol 

Taliaferro 

Richland 

Marion  

Clayton 

Wabasha 

Duller 

Cambria. 

Kennebec 

Livingston 

Calhoun 

Sioux 

Lyon 

Middlesex 

Hillsdale 

Butler  

Schuyler 

Perry 

Adams 

Berks 

Windsor 

Hunterdon 

Emmett 

Bennington.,.. 

Liberty... 

FulU..'. 

Lancaster 

Ktowali 

Summit 

Decatnr 

Mercer 

Clay 

Saline 

De  Kalb 

Marshall 

Monmouth 

Armstrong 

Clarion 

Halifax 

Tehama 

Tehama 

Marlborough... 

Lee.. 

Talbot 

Upeon.. 

Randolph....... 

Randolph 

Dunn 

Whitfield 

Eagle 

Eigle 

Webster 

Webster 

Lincoln 

Sevier 

I.a  Plata 

Wayne 

Wilkes 

Jefferson 

Shasta 

Fairfield 

Jackson 

Lewis 

Wadena 

Jefferson 

Pallas 

Bourljon 

t)8wego.„ 

Spink 

Wayne 

Desha 

Marshall 

Ouachita 

Mitchell 

Marllio  rough.., 

Dntrhess 

Dutchess 

Franklin 


Population. 


1880.      \»M. 


973 

643 
672 
87 

1,132 
389 

1,053 


1,6C7 
640 


1,958 


1,081 

l.ltV) 

ldl« 

1,5(J0 

9:i6 

679 

382 

1,.532 

1,243 

1,3.54 

197 

437 

715 

3,181 

2,175 

805 

1,581 

3,;5e7 

1,382 

43,278 

953 

3,103 

616 

743 

263 


333 


1,272 


707 


497 
2,684 
1,66' 
2,308 
2,491 
3,976 
2,106 
2,435 
1,472 

657 
1,761 
2,53i» 
1,338 

786 

561 


1,960 
677 


626 
1,257 


600 
1,540 
1,690 
1,720 


1,291 


1,947 

2,027 

608 

691 

633 

3,010 

4,471 

936 


602 
110 

28 

1,204 

1,642 

841 

904 

137 

927 

478 

1,131 

28:i 

282 

1,784 

969 

669 

1,897 

2S4 

1,340 

1,771 

366 

1,657 

8(H 

446 

804 

2,2:« 

1,176 

1,513 

807 

1,133 

048 

4,088 

1,989 

1,314 

1,386 

3,156 

1,368 

68,0<;i 

749 

2,813 

4;i3 

910 

i:« 

298 

6;J9 

403 

147 

657 

1,487 

490 

890 

675 

988 

4,145 

1,892 

2,0:« 

2,250 

4,285 

2,008 

3,492 

1,267 

075 

1,703 

2,202 

1,176 

1,127 

862 

818 

3«3 

2,263 

l,8:i9 

27 

2,115 

65 

492 

1,026 

474 

l,8il 

1,516 

1,423 

1,6;{2 

92 

400 

897 

162 

1,060 

796 

1,866 

1,985 

460 

1,472 

701 

2,9:J5 

4,3S8 

9:i5 

996 


Name  of  place  and 
■late. 


Red  House,  N.Y 

Kedlngtoii,  Nub 

Red  Jacket,  Mich... 

Kedkey,  Ind 

Ked  Uke,  S.D 

Red  I.aku  Kails,  Minu.. 
Red  Lake  Falls,  Minu. 

Kedland,  Ark 

Redland,  Ark 

Kedland,  Ark 

liedlands,  Cal 

Kedlands,  Cal 

Rod  Level,  Ala 

Rod  Level,  Fla 

Ke.l  Lick,  Ark 

Rod  Lion,  Del 

lied  Lion,  Pa 

Red  Lodge,  Mont 

Red  Lodge,  Mont 

R.dnion,  III 

Redmond,  Utah 

Red  .Mountain,  Col 

Red  Oak,  Ga 

Red  Oak,  Iowa 

Red  Oak,  Iowa 

Red  Oak,  Iowa 

lied  Oak,  S.C 

Red  Oak,  Va 

Redondo  Beach,  Cal.... 

Kedpath,  Minn 

Red  Ridge,  Ala 

Red  River,  Ark 

Red  River,  Ark 

Red  River,  Ark 

Red  River,  Ark 

Red  River,  Ark 

Red  River,  .Ark 

Red  River,  Ky 

Red  River,  Minn 

Red  River,  Wis 

Red  Rock,  Ga 

Red  Kock,  Iowa 

Red  Rock,  Minn 

Bed  Kock,  Mont 

Red  Kock,  S.D 

Red  Springs,  N.C 

Redstone,  Pa 

RedsUine,  S.D 

Red  Store,  Ala 

Red  Sulphur,  W.  Va.... 
Red  Vermilion,  Kan.. 

Red  Willow.  Neb 

Ked  Wing,  Minu 

Kedwood,  Cal 

Redwood,  Cal 

Kedwood  City,  Cal 

Redwood  Falls,  Minn... 
Kedwood  Falls,  Minn... 

Keece,  Kan 

Keed,  .\rk 

Reed,  III 

Reed,  N.D 

Reed,  0 

Reed,  Pa 

Keedbrake,  Ala 

Reed  City,  Mich 

Reed  Creek,  Ark 

Reed  Creek,  Ga 

Reed  Creek,  Va 

Reeil  Crossing,  Mont.... 

Reed  Gap,  Ala 

Reeder,  Kan 

Reeder,  Kan 

Reeder,  Mich 

Reeders,  S.C 

Reed  Misenheimer.N.C. 

Reedsburg,  Wis 

Reedsburg,  Wis 

Reedy,  W.  Va 

Reedy,  W.  Va 

Keedy  Church,  Va 

Reedy  Creek,  N.C.  

Reedy  Springs,  Ga 

Ree  Heights,  S.D 

Reeltown,  Ala 

Reem  Creek,  N.C 

Recs,  AIh 

Reese,  Ala 

Reese,  Ala 

Keeseville,  Wis 

Reeve,  Ind 

Reeve,  Iowa 

Reeves,  Ga 

Reeves  S.C 

Reform,  Ala » 

Bebobotb,  Ala 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-town 
jiost-prect 
post-vill 
post-town 

(lOSttWp 

township 

|K>8t-vill 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

IKwt-prect 

precinct 

township 

hundred 

po8t-l)oro' 

precinct 

i>ost-vill 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

city 

township 

mag.-dist 

I>ost-town 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

{X)St-tWp 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

j)ost-twp 

township 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

townslii)) 

post-prect 

city 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

]>08t-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

p<.>st-vill 

township 

mil.-difit 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-di-t 

post-twp 

mil  -dist 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-prect 

post-prect 


County. 


Cattamugus. 
Cheyenne..., 
Houghtou..., 

Jay 

Brul6 , 

Polk 

I'olk 

Cleveland ..., 
Hem|>stead., 

Nevada 

San  Bernardino 
San  Bernardino 
C.ovingtou... 

Citrus 

Johnson 

New  Castle. 

York 

Paik.. 

Park 

Edgar 

Sevier 

Oiiray 

Campbell.... 

Cedar 

Montgomery.... 
Montgomery.... 

Barnwell 

Brunswick 

I.OS  Angeles 

Traverse 

Tallapoosa 

Little  River 

Miller 

Searcy 

Stone 

Van  Buren 

White 

Wolfe 

Kittson 

Kewaunee 

(>.bb 

Marion 

Mower 

Beaver  Head.... 

Minnehaha 

Rolieson 

Fayette 

Miner 

Mobile 

Monroe 

Nemaha 

Ked  Willow 

Goodhue 

Santa  Clara 

Sonoma 

San  Mateo 

Redwood 

Redwood 

Greenwood 

Washington 

Will 

Coss 

Seneca 

Dauphin 

Marshall 

Osceola 

Lawrence 

Hart 

Henry 

Yellowstone 

Blount 

Anderson 

Kiowa 

MiHSaukee 

Newberry 

Cabarrus 

Sauk 

Sauk 

Roane........ 

Wirt.._ 

Caroline 

Davidson 

Laurens 

Hand 

Tallapoosa. 

Buncombe 

Etowah 

Montgomery.... 

Tuscaloosa 

Dodge 

Daviess 

Franklin 

Upson 

Marion 

Pickens 

Wilcox 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


487 


2,140 
386 


32 

1,712 

67H 

624 


2,480 
241 


1,06.3 
6f)3 
4,04(> 
3,7.')5 
1,761 
4, 


&38 
2,069 

88- 
600 


724 
666 
375 


1,682 

660 

1,247 

488 


1,006 


1,562 

2,657 

628 

426 

5,^6 

2,244 

913 

1,383 

100 

981 


1,.5:.'7 
324 


l,Oi)l 
838 
800 


1,294 


323 
2,244 

5C7 
1,215 
1,331 
1,546 

834 
3,542 

816 


1,.379 
1,762 


2,724 


248 

1,682 

763 


2,907 

687 

2,095 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  KETURNS  OF  1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Beholioth,  Mass 

Kfhoboth,  Va 

Keid,  Ala 

Keidsville,  Ga 

Riedsville.N.C 

i;iedsville,  S.C 

E«iley,  0 

Keilly,  Kan 

Keill.v,  Pa 

Reiiibeck,  Iowa 

ReU,  Minn 

Eeitbrock,  Wis 

Kelay,  Md 

lieniington,  Ind 

Remington,  Wis 

Renisen,  Iowa 

Remsen,  Iowa 

Renisen,  N.Y 

Remsen,  N.Y 

Renault,  III 

Rendsville,  Minn 

Rendville,  0 

Renfrew,  Ky 

Renfioe,  Ala 

Renick,  SIo 

Reno,  Kan 

Reno,  Kan 

Reno,  Micb 

Reno,  Minn 

Reno,  W.  Va 

Reno  City,  Okla 

Renovo,  Pa 

Rensselaer,  Ind 

Rensselaerville,  N.Y.... 

Renton,  Wash 

Renville,  Minn 

Repton,  Ala 

Republic,  Kan 

Reijnblic,  Mich 

Republic,  Mo 

Republic,  Mo 

Republic,  0 

Republican,  Ga 

Republican,  Ind 

Republican,  Kan 

Republican  City,  Neb... 
Republican  City,  Neb... 

Besaca,  Ga 

Resaca,  Ga 

Reserve,  Ind 

Reserve,  Pa 

Resort,  Mich 

Reuben,  Neb 

Reusous,  Va 

Revere,  Mass 

Review,  Kan 

Revilee,  Ark 

Rexburg,  Idaho 

Reyniert,  Ariz 

Reynolds,  Ala 

Reynolds,  Ala 

Reynolds,  Ga 

Reynolds,  Ga 

Reynolds,  Idaho... 

Reynolds  ^H 

Reynolds,  Ind 

Reynolds,  Mich 

Reynolds,  Minn 

Reynolds,  Neb 

Reynoldsburg,  0 

Reynoldson,  N.C 

Reynoldsville,  Pa 

Reynoldton,  Pa 

Rhea's  Mills,  Ark 

Rlieiderland,  Minn 

Rhine,  Wis 

Rhinebeck,  N.Y 

Rhinebeck,  N.Y 

Rhinelander,  Wis 

Rhoda,  S.D 

Rhodes,  Iowa 

Rialto,  Cal 

Rib  Falls,  Wis 

Rib  Lake,  Wis 

Rice,  Ga 

Rice,  111 

Rice,  Iowa 

Rice,  Ky 

Rice  Wilson,  Ky 

Rice,  O 

Rice  Lake,  Minn 

Rice  Lake,  Wis 

Riceland,  Minn 

Riceville,  Pa 

Riceville,  Tenn 

Rich,  111 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-town 

mag.  -dist 

precinct 

mil. -dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

village 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

|)08t-vill 

post-town 

poat-twp 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-prect 

poBt-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

mil. -dist 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

pogt-town 

precinct 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-twp 

inil.-dist 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

township 


County. 


Bristol 

Lunenburg 

Marion 

Tatnall 

Rockingham  .. 
Siiartauburg. .. 

Buller 

Nemaha 

Schuylkill 

Grundy 

Polk 

Marathon 

Baltimore 

Jasper 

Wood 

Plymouth 

Plymouth 

Oneida 

Oneida 

Monroe 

Stevens 

Perry 

Butler 

Talladega 

Randolph 

Leavenworth.. 

Reno 

Iosco 

Pope 

Preston 

Canadian 

Clinton 

Jasper 

Albany 

King 

Renville 

Conecuh 

Republic 

Marquette 

Greene 

Greene 

Seneca „, 

McDuffle 

Jefferson 

Clay 

Harlan 

Harlan 

Gordon 

Gordon 

Parke 

Alleghany 

Charlevoix 

Harlan 

Campbell 

Suflfolk 

Haskell 

Logan 

Bingham 

Pinal 

Dale 

Henry 

Taylor 

Taylor 

Owyhee 

Lee ., 

White 

Montcalm 

Todd 

Jefferson 

Franklin 

Gates 

Jefferson 

Alleghany 

Wiishington.... 

Chippewa 

ShelK)ygan 

Dutchess 

Dutchess 

Oneida 

Charles  Mix.... 

Marshall 

San  Bernardino 
Marathon..,. 

Taylor 

Johnson 

Jo  Daviess.., 

Ringgold 

McCrackin ., 

Russell 

Sandusky.,., 

St.  Louis 

Barron 

Freeborn.... 
Crawford.... 

McMinn 

Cook , 


Population. 


1,891 
2,041 


l,02(i 
1,310 
4,420 
1,499 

aoi 

1,452 

482 
208 
409 


761 
196 


1,195 


1,692 
2:11 
349 


460 

987 

2,116 


342 
3,237 


3,708 

968 

2,488 


50 
1,787 


81 

716 

1,594 

l,a'56 

1,017 

604 

282 

853 

191 

1,650 

1,786 


2,263 
'i',923 


1,674 

278 


743 

370 

1,569 

470 


375 
1,184 
1,410 


l,54i 

3,902 
1,569 


670 

660 

1,475 

1,' 
949 
63 
362 
783 
314 
286 

1,702 


1,786 

1,828 

429 

1,261 

2,969 

4,938 

1,244 

612 

1,715 

731 

203 

717 

419 

940 

427 

1,271 

6»0 

1,099 

358 

1,564 

304 

869 

2,164 

21H2 

437 

1,003 

825 

358 

468 

3,565 

2M 

4,154 

1,456 

2,112 

406 

413 

26:1 

228 

2,694 

1,327 

381 

684 

1,489 

872 

817 

750 

428 

985 

197 

1,346 

2,941 

2-.i7 

3;J6 

361 

6,668 

36 

1,876 

2,967 

254 

792 

623 

1,468 

283 

179 

674 

348 

1,804 

443 

271 

393 

1,346 

2,7f<9 

1,379 

387 

248 

1,612 

3,307 

1,049 

2,058 

414 

434 

329 

674 

520 

463 

488 

740 

1,171 

1,311 

982 

100 

2,130 

727 

245 

379 

1,435 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Rich,  III 

Rich,  Kan 

Rich,  Mich 

Rich.  N.D 

Richards,  Ala 

Richardson,  Ga 

Richardson,  Neb. 

Richardson,  Ore 

Richardson's  Cove, 

Tenn 

Richburg,  N.Y 

Richfield,  III 

Richfield,  Kan 

Richfield,  Kan 

Richfield,  Mich 

Richfield,  Mich 

Richfield,  MinU 

Richfield,  N.Y 

Richfield,  O 

Richfield,  0 , 

Richfield,© 

Richfield,  S.D , 

Richfield,  Utah 

Richfield,  Wis 

Richfield,  Wis 

Richfield,  Wis 

Richfield  Springs,  N.Y, 

Kichford,  N.Y 

Richford,Vt 

Richford,  Vt , 

Bichford,  Wis 

Rich  Grove,  Ind 

Rich  Hill,  Mo 

Rich  Hill,  Mo 

Rich  Hill,  0 

Richhill,  Pa 

Richland,  Ala , 

Richland,  Ark 

Richland,  Ark 

Richland,  Ark , 

Richland,  Ark 

Richland,  Ark 

Richland,  Ark 

Richland,  Ark 

Richland,  Ark 

Richland,  Ark 

Richland,  Ark 

Richland,  Fla 

Richland,  Ga 

Richland,  Ga 

Richland,  111 

Richland,  111 

Richland,  III 

Richland,  Ind 

Richland,  lud 

Richland,  Ind 

Richland,  Ind 

Richland,  Ind 

Richland,  Ind 

Richland,  Ind 

Richland,  Ind 

Richland,  Ind 

Richland,  Ind 

Richland,  Ind 

Richland,  Ind 

Richland,  Ind 

Richland,  Iowa 

Richland,  Iowa 

Richland,  Iowa , 

Richland,  Iowa 

Richland,  Iowa 

Richland,  Iowa 

Richland,  Iowa 

Richland,  Iowa 

Richland,  Iowa 

Richland,  Iowa 

Richland,  Iowa 

Richland,  Iowa 

Richland,  Iowa 

Richland,  Iowa 

Richland,  Iowa 

Richland,  Iowa 

Richland,  Iowa 

Richland,  Iowa 

Richland,  Iowa 

Richland,  Iowa , 

Richland,  Kan 

Richland,  Kan 

Richland,  Kan 

Richland,  Kan 

Richland,  Kan 

Richland,  Kan , 

Richland,  Kan , 

Richland,  Kan 

Richland,  Kan 

Richland,  Kan , 


Rank  of 
place. 


precinct 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

precinct 

civil-dist 

post  vi  1 1 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

|)OSt-tWp 

township 

l>ost-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County, 


Union 

Anderson.. 

Lapeer 

Cass 

Barbour... 

Walton 

Butler 

Lane 


Sevier 

Alleghany 

Adams 

Morton , 

Morton 

Genesee , 

Roscommon... 

Hennepin 

Otsego , 

Henry 

Lucas 

Summit 

Spink 

Sevier 

Adams 

Washington.., 

Wood , 

Otsego 

Tioga , 

Franklin , 

Franklin , 

Waushara 

Pulaski 

Bates 

Livingston .... 
Muskingum.. 

Greene 

Limestone..... 

Crawford 

Desha 

Jefferson 

Lee 

Madison 

Monroe 

Newton 

Searcy 

Washington... 

Yell 

Pasco 

Stewart 

Stewart 

La  Salle 

Marshall 

Shelby 

Benton 

De  Kalb , 

Fountain 

Fulton 

Grant 

Greene 

Jay 

Madison 

Miami 

Monroe 

Rush 

Steuben 

Whitley 

Adair 

Carroll 

Chickasaw 

Decatur 

Delaware 

Dickinson 

Franklin 

Guthrie 

Jackson 

Jasper 

Jones 

Keokuk 

Keokuk 

Lyon 

Mahaska 

Sac 

Story 

Tama 

Wapello „ 

Warren 

Butler 

Cowley 

Ford 

Gray 

Hamilton 

Harvey 

Jewell 

Kingman 

Labette 

Marshall 


Population. 


1880.     189a 


1,427 

1,139 

881 


1,441 

1,123 

91 

650 

716 

"i',372 


1,671 


1,601 
2,516 
857 
1,070 
1,253 


1,167 

3(18 

1,708 


l,;i07 

1,477 

1,818 

789 

449 

492 


1,027 
1,404 
2,795 


9(3 

285 

1,031 

1,723 

eo5 

1,043 
210 
694 

1,087 


952 


778 

807 

1,140 

1,151 

1,360 

1,913 

1,329 

1,028 

2,563 

2,036 

985 

1,672 

1,610 

941 

742 

1,917 

670 

381 

690 

1,100 

840 

64 

409 

624 

1,056 

951 

792 

1,402 

254 

117 

1,261 

1,044 

537 

808 

1,348 

1,316 

666 

1,045 


2,585 

191 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OP   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Kua«  of  pUoe  and 
■tau. 


Klrhlnnd,  Kan...^ 

Richliiml,  Kan 

KichlHiul,  Kail 

RichlHiul,  Kan 

Riclilunil,  Kan 

Biclilund,  Kan 

Bicliland,  Kan 

Kichland,  Ky 

Kichlanil,  Mich 

BIclilaiid,  Midi 

Rtchlnnd,  Midi 

Richlxntl,  Mich 

Klchlaml,  Mich 

Kichland,  Mich 

KiclilHud,  tliun 

Kichliind,  Mo 

Richland,  Mo 

Richland,  Mo 

Richland,  Mo 

Richland,  Mo 

Richland,  Mo 

Richland,  Mo 

Richland,  Mo 

Richland,  Mo 

Richland,  Mo 

Richland,  Mo 

Richland,  Mont 

Richland,  Neb 

Richhind,  Neb 

Richland,  Neb 

Richland,  Neb 

Richland,  Neb 

Richland,  N.Y 

Richland,  N.C 

Richland,  N.C 

Richland,  O.' 

Richland,  0 

Richland,  O 

Richland,  0 

Richland,  O 

Richland,  0 

Richland,  O 

Ricliland,  O 

Richland,  0 

Richland,  O 

Richland,  O 

Richland,  0 

Richland,  Pa. 

Richland,  Pa 

Richland,  Pa. 

Richland,  Pa 

Richland,  Pa 

Richland,  S.C 

Richland,  S.D 

Richland,  S  D 

Richland,  S.D 

Richland,  S.D 

Richland,  S.D 

Richland,  S.D 

Richland,  \V.  Va 

Richland,  Wis 

Richland  Centre,  Wig... 

Richland  Grove,  111 

Richlandg,  N.C 

Richlands,  N.C 

Richman,  Iowa 

Richmond,  Ala............ 

Richmond,  Ark 

Richmond,  III 

Richmond,  111 

Richmond,  111 

Richmond,  Ind.„ 

Richmond,  Kan 

Richmond,  Kan 

Richmond,  Ky 

Richmond,  Ky 

Richmond,  Me 

Richmond,  Mass 

Richmond,  Mich 

Richmond,  Mich 

Richmond,  Mich 

Richmond,  Mich 

Richmond,  Minn 

Richmond,  Mo 

Richmond,  Mo 

Richmond,  Mo 

Richmond,  Neb 

Richmond,  N.H 

Richmond,  N.Y 

Richmond,  0— 

Richmond,  O 

Richmond,  0 

Richmond,  Pa 

Richmond,  Pa. 

Ri<  hmond.  Pa 

Bkhmond,  K.I. 

192 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

toW'Dlhip 

towu»hip 

townHbip 

township 

township 

township 

ma^.-dist 

township 

po6t-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

townnhip 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

poet-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

tuag.-dist 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

city 

township 

township 

maK.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

city 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-Till 

township 

township 

township 

township 


Ooanty. 


Miami 

Ottawa 

Pratt 

Rawlins , 

Republic 

Books 

StafTord 

Harrison 

Kalamazoo..., 
Kalamazoo... 
Missaukee.... 

Montcalm 

Ogemaw 

Saginaw 

Kice 

Barton 

Douglas 

Gasconade.... 

Macon 

Morgan 

Ozark 

Pulaski 

Putnam 

Scott 

Stoddard 

Vernon 

Park 

Colfax 

JefTerson 

Sarpy 

Saunders 

Washington.. 

Oswego 

Beaufort 

Randolph 

Allen 

Belmont 

Clinton 

Darke 

Defiance 

Fairfield 

Guernsey 

Holmes 

Logan 

Marion 

Vinton 

Wyandot 

Alleghany 

Bucks 

Cambria 

Clarion 

Venango 

Barnwell 

Beadle 

Brooking 

Brul6 

Clark 

Edmunds 

McOook 

Ohio 

Bichland 

Richland 

Mercer 

Onslow 

Onslow 

Wayne 

Dallas 

Little  River.. 

Cass 

McHenry 

McUenry 

Wayne 

Franklin 

Nemaha 

Madison 

MadiBon„ 

Sagadahoc.  .„. 

Berkshire 

Macomb 

Macomb 

Marquette 

Osceola 

Winona 

Howard 

Ray 

Ray 

Furnas 

Cheshire 

Ontario 

Ashtabula..... 

Huron 

Jefferson 

Berks 

Crawford 

Tioga 

Washington.. 


PopulattoD. 


1880.      1890. 


1,436 


1,480 

1,180 
223 
76 
880 
101 
700 
967 

1,0C8 
788 

1,176 
8.39 

1,594 
948 
360 
786 

1,264 
976 
616 


409 

623 

600 

692 

605 

3,991 

3,2.')3 

842 

3,372 

4,361 

2,338 

1,252 

1,427 

1,502 

1,439 

1,463 

1,761 

1,21(1 

1,668 

1,676 

760 

1,994 

99H 

2,740 

1,221 

1,202 


1,525 
821 
1,227 
2,019 
2,630 


911 

1,076 

1.50 


1,.369 

464 

12,742 

681 

1,971 

4,622 

2,909 

2,658 

1,124 

2,613 

750 

760 

2,352 

284 

3,606 

6,068 

1,424 

453 

669 

1,772 

1,011 

1,014 

491 

2,226 

1,490 

1,512 

1,949 


1,370 

417 

307 

383 

1,321 

193 

312 

1,399 

1,135 

293 

634 

1,140 

382 

1,221 

743 

1,688 

1,366 

1,330 

864 

1,776 

1,817 

553 

993 

2,216 

1,583 

780 

52 

620 

777 

998 

1,1U 

1,000 

3,771 

3,761 

953 

3,434 

4,289 

2,488 

1,176 

1,457 

1,456 

1,471 

1,433 

2,005 

1,124 

1,439 

1,590 

815 

2,088 

920 

1,859 

1,229 

1,252 

262 

257 

395 

161 

194 

303 

1,608 

847 

1,819 

2,410 

2,758 

198 

1,271 

1,080 

307 

978 

1,212 

415 

16,608 

837 

914 

6,870 

4,753 

3,082 

796 

2,486 

1,074 

1,132 

3,064 

252 

4,021 

8,009 

2,895 

635 

476 

1,511 

912 

979 

444 

1,916 

1,384 

1,640 

1,669 


Name  of  place  and 
iUte. 


Richmond,  Tex 

Richmond,  Utah 

Rlclimond,  Vt 

Bichiiiond,  Va 

Uichniond,  Va 

Richmond,  W.  Va 

Richmond,  Wis 

Richmond,  Wis 

Kichmond,  Wig. 

Richmond  Hill,  N.Y. 
Uichmundville,  N.Y.. 
Kicliniondville,  N.Y.. 

Kiuh  Pond,  Ky 

Rich  Pond,  Ky 

Rich  Square,  N.C 

Kich  Square,  N.C 

Rich  Valley,  Minn.... 

Rich  Valley,  S.D 

Kich  Valley,  Va 

Kichview,  III 

Richview,  III 

Richville,  N.Y , 

Kichville,  0 

Bicliwood,  Ark 

Richwood,  111 , 

Richwood,  Minn 

Richwood,  Mo 

Richwood,  O 

Ricliwoo<l,  Wis 

Richwoods,  Ark 

Richwoods,  Ark 

Richwoo<ls,  Ark 

Richwoods,  III 

Richwoods,  111 

Richwoods,  Mo 

Ricks,  III 

Rico,  Col 

Riddles,  Ore 

RIddleville,  Ga 

Rldenhour,  N.C 

Ridge,  Ala , 

Bidgc,  Ala , 

Ridge,  Ala 

Ridge,  III 

Ridge,  Kan 

Ridge,  Ky 

Ridge,  Mo 

Rdge,  0 , 

Ridge,  0 

Ridge,  S.0 

Ridgebury,  Pa 

Kidgedale,  Teiin 

Ridge  Farm,  III 

Kidgefield,  Conn 

Kidgefield,  N.J 

Kidgefield,  0 

Ridge  Grove,  Ala 

Ridge  Grove,  Ala 

Ridgeland,  111 

Ridgeley,  Neb 

Ridgely,  III 

Ridgeiy,  Md 

Ridgely,  Minn 

Ridge  Spring,  S.C 

Kidgeville,  Ind 

Ridgeville,  0 

Ridgeville,  0 

Ridgeville,  S.C 

Ridgeville,  Tenn 

Ridgeville,  Wis 

Ridgeway,  Ala 

Ridgeway,  Ga 

Ridgeway,  Kan 

Ridgeway,  Mich 

Ridgeway,  Mo 

Bidgeway,  N.Y 

Ridgeway,  0 

Bidgeway,  S.C 

Bidgeway,  Va. 

Bidgeway,  Va 

Ridgeway,  Wig 

Ridgewood,  N.J 

Ridgway,  III 

Ridgway,  III 

Ridgway,  Pa 

Ridgway,  Pa 

Ridley,  Ac,  Pa 

Ridley  Park,  &c.,  Pa.. 

Ridiiour,  Neb 

Ridott,  III 

Rifle,  Col 

Riga,  Mich 

Riga,  N.Y 

Biggin,  N.D 

Rigoleite.  La 

Riley,  Ark 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-town 
post-prect 

(HNlt'tOWn 

cily 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

townshi)) 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

|iogt-vlll 

township 

lK)St-Vill 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

towiisliip 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

IK)St-tWp 

post-vill 

{X>8t-Vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

townsiiip 

post-town 

civildist 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

lx)Rt-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-bo  ro' 

township 

post-bo  ro' 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

ward 

post-twp 


County. 


Fort  Bond 

Cache 

Chittenden.... 

Henrico 

Wise , 

Raleigh 

St  Croix 

Shawano 

Walworth 

Queens 

Schoharie 

Schoharie 

Warren 

Warren 

Northampton 
Northampton. . 

McLeod , 

Sully 

Smyth  

Washington 
Washington 
Saint  Lawrence 

Stark 

Jackson 

Peoria 

Becker 

McDonald 

Union 

Richland 

Lonoke 

Sharp 

Stone 

Calhoun 

Jersey 

Washington... 

Christian 

Dolores 

Douglas 

Washington... 

Stanly 

Fayette 

Lamar 

Monroe 

Shelby 

Dickinson 

Menifee 

Carroll 

Van  Wert 

Wyandot 

Williamsburg 

Bradford 

Hamilton 

Vermilion 

Fairfield 

Bergen 

Huron 

Cliauibers 

Lee 

Iroquois 

Dodge 

Sangamon 

Caroline 

Nicollet 

Edgefield 

Randolph 

Henry 

Lorain 

Colleton 

Moore.... 

Monroe 

Bullock 

Gilmer 


Lenawee , 

Harrison..... 

Orleans 

Hardin , 

Fairfield 

Henry 

Henry , 

Iowa , 

Bergen 

Gallatin 

Gallatin 

Elk 

Elk 

Delaware 

Delaware.  ... 
Hitchcock... 
Stephenson.. 

Garfield 

Lenawee 

Monroe 

Benson 

Rapides 

Yell , 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,156 

1,198 

1,264 

63,600 

1,333 

726 

813 

706 

882 


2,082 
663 

1,689 
146 

3,619 
63 
991 


4,379 


659 

339 


267 
1,282 

439 

809 
1,317 
1,615 

714 
1,629 

644 
1,193 
1,147 
1,127 
1,606 

894 


1,085 
875 
497 


1,316 

1,013 

405 

927 


1,587 

639 

2,001 

1,489 


237 
2,028 
3,962 
2,359 
1,536 
1,616 

805 


81 

348 

328 

775 

1,119 

1,6«) 

250 

661 

1,286 

2,498 

322 

2,696 

1,167 


6,495 
342 


2,408 


2,348 
1,478 
2,149 
174 
1,480 
1,100 
2,533 
2,633 


2,011 


2,320 
2,221 


1,074 
1,199 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Nume  of  place  and 
state. 


niley,  III 

Biley,  Ind 

Kiley,  Iowa 

Eiley,  Mich 

Biley,  Mich 

Biley,  Miss 

Bilcy,  0 

Biley,  0 

Bimersburg,  Fa 

Bimlni,  Mont 

Bincon,  Cal 

Eincon,  N.M 

Bincon,  N.M 

BIndge,  N.H 

Bindosa,  N.M 

Binehart,  Kan 

Bitiggold,  Ga 

Einggold,  Ga 

Binggold,  Md 

Binggold,  Pa 

Bing  Jaw,  Ga 

Biugold,  Neb 

Bingwood,  N.C 

Bio,  111 

Bio,  Wis 

Bio  Arriba,  N.M 

Bio  Colorado,  N.M 

^lode  Chama,  N.M 

Bio  Dell,  Cal 

Bio  Grande  City,  Tex... 

Bio  Vista,  Cal 

Bio  Vista,  Cal 

Bipley,  111 

Bipley,  111 

Bipley,  Ind 

Bipley,  Ind 

Bipley,  Iowa 

Bipley,  Me 

Bipley,  Minn 

Bipley,  Minn 

Bipley,  Miss 

Bipley,  N.Y 

Bipley,  0 

Bipley,  0 

Bipley,  0 

Bipley,  Tenn 

Bipley,  W.  Va. 

Bipley,  W.  Va 

Bipon,  Wis 

Bipon,  Wis 

Bippys,N.C 

Bipton,  Vt 

Biser,  Ala 

Bisiing  City,  Neb 

Bising  Fawn,  Ga 

Bising  Fawn,  Ga 

Bising  Sun,  Ind 

Bising  Sun,  Md 

Bising  Sun,  Md 

Bising  Sun,  0 

Eisley,  Kan 

Bitter,  N.  C 

Bivaniia,  Va 

Biver,  Ala 

Biver,  Ark 

Biver,  Ark 

Biver,  &e..  Ark 

Biver,  Ark 

Biver,  Ark 

Biver,  Ga 

Biver,  Kan 

Biver,  Ky 

Biver,  Ky 

Biver,  N.C 

Biver,  N.C 

Biver,  N.C 

Biver,  S  D 

Biver  Bend,  Ala 

Biver  Bend,  N.C 

Biverdale,  Iowa 

Biverdale,  Minn 

Biverdale,  Neb 

River  Dale,  Utah 

Biverdale,  UtJth 

Biver  Falls,  Minn 

Biver  Falls,  Wis 

Biver  Falls,  Wis 

Biver  Grove,  III 

Biverhead,  N.Y 

Biverhead,  Va 

Biver  Uill,  Ala 

Blverside,  Cal 

Biverside,  111 

Biverside,  111 

Biverside,  Iowa 

Biverside,  Iowa 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

beat 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

po8t-prect 

post-prect 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

mll.-diKt 

post-vill 

district 

post-twp 

rail.-di«t 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

village 

township 

city 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

district 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

township 

city 

post-vill 

post-tow  n 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

city 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 


County. ' 


McHenry.... 

Vigo 

Binggold..,. 

Clinton 

Saint  Clair .. 

Neshoba 

Putnam 

Sandusky.... 

Clarion 

Lewis  &  Clarke 
San  Bernardino 

Donna  Ana 

San  Miguel 

Cheshire 

Lincoln 

Dickinson 

Catoosa 

Catoosa 

Washington 

Jefferson 

Johnson 

Dawson 

Halifax 

Knox 

Columbia 

Bio  Arriba 

Taos 

Bio  Arriba 

Humboldt 

Starr 

Solano 

Solano 

Brown 

Brown 

Montgomery  ... 

Bush 

Butler 

Somerset 

Dodge 

Morrison 

Tippah 

Chautauqua 

Brown 

Holmes 

Huron 

Lauderdale 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Fond  du  Lac... 
Fond  du  Lac... 

Cleveland 

Addison 

Talladega 

Butler 

Dade 

Dade 

Ohio 

Cecil 

Cecil 

Wood 

Marion 

Moore 

Albemarle..^.... 

Dallas 

Bradley 

Calhoun 

Conway 

Crawford 

Logan 

Early 

Pawnee 

Jackson 

Morgan 

Cleveland 

•Tackson 

Warren 

Walworth 

Bibb 

Gaston 

Kossuth 

Watonwan 

Buffalo 

Uintah 

Weber 

Polk 

Pierce „... 

Pierce 

Cook 

.Suffolk 

Augusta 

Clarke 

Sail  Bernardino 

Adams 

Cook 

Fremont 

Lyon 


Population. 


864 
1,632 

404 
1,501 
2,002 
1,398 
1,484 
1,621 

334 


1,142 
436 
823 

1,078 
431 


137 

1,126 

230 


1,232 
6G6 
632 
418 
1,349 
1,986 
453 
550 
384 


637 
1,990 
2,646 
1,359 
1,038 

353 
4,208 

425 
1,157 
3,117 
1,665 

672 
1,607 


1,128 

827 

1,806 

2,904 

314 

344 

698 

1,761 

6,449 

1,708 

344 

449 

500 


836 


422 
686 
502 
367 
1,417 


2,689 
"301 


1,017 
1,499 


3,939 

4,757 

604 


498 
960 
128 


830 

1,653 

475 

1,277 

1,605 

1,576 

1.566 

1,543 

360 

282 

295 

284 

225 

996 

270 

511 

1,096 

466 

998 

1,004 

342 

428 

92 

925 

339 

1,286 

583 

269 

213 

1,968 

1,236 

648 

496 

304 

1,402 

2,174 

493 

478 

323 

614 

574 

2,020 

2,483 

1,385 

838 

652 

4,961 

417 

1,185 

3,358 

1,649 

568 

1,7.30 

610 

1,278 

927 

1,689 

2,661 

384 

485 

1,406 

1,372 

6,536 

1,848 

42:i 

545 

1,141 

629 

766 

1,617 

279 

527 

8:i0 

531 

476 

l,3:i6 

30 

390 

3,437 

607 

h09 

825 

212 

489 

259 

1,073 

1,783 

287 

4,010 

4,785 

876 

4,683 

2,168 

1,056 

948 

213 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Biverside,  Iowa 

Biverside,  Kan 

Biverside,  Mich 

Biverside,  Minn 

Biverside,  Neb 

Biverside,  Neb 

Biverside,  Neb 

Biverside,  N.D 

Biverside,  O 

Biverside,  Pa 

Biverside,  S.D 

Biverside,  S.D 

Biverside,  S.D 

Biverside,  S.D 

Biverton,  Ga. 

Biverton,  III 

Biverton,  Iowa 

Biverton,  Iowa 

Biverton,  Iowa 

Biverton,  Iowa 

Biverton,  Mich 

Biverton,  Minn 

Biverton,  Neb 

Bivprview,  N.D 

Biverview,  S.D 

Bives,  Mich 

Bives,  Tenn.. ..I 

Bives,  Va 

Bives  Station,  Tenn.... 

Bivesville,  W.  Va 

lUvoli,  111 

Bixford,  Pa 

Boan  Creek,  Col 

Boaiie,  Ark 

Boann,  Ind 

Boanoke,  Ala 

Boanoke,  Ala 

Boanoke,  Ark 

Boanoke,  III 

Boanoke,  III 

Boanoke,  Ind 

Boanoke,  Kan 

Boanoke,  Mo 

Boanoke,  N.C 

Boanoke,  N.C 

Boanoke,  Tex 

Boanoke,  Va 

Boanoke,  Va 

Boanoke,  Va 

Boating  Brook,  Pa 

Boaring  Creek,  Pa 

Boaring  Creek,  W.  Va. 

Boaring  Fork,  Col 

Boaring  Biver,  Mo 

Boaring  Spring,  Ky.. ... 

Bouriiig  Spring,  Pa. 

Boark,  Mo 

Bobard,  Ky , 

Bobard,  Ky 

Bobb,  Ind , 

Bobb.Neb 

Bobberson,  Mo 

Bobbins,  Tenn 

Bobbinston,  Me  

Bobbiiisville,  N.C 

Bol>eline,  La 

Boberson,  Va , 

Bobersonville,  N.C 

Bobersonville,  N.C , 

Bobert,  Ga 

Bobert,  S.C 

Boberts,  Ark , 

Bol)ert>i,  Ga 

Boborts,  III 

BoberU,  III 

Boberts,  Minn 

Bobertsdale,  Pa , 

Bobertson,  Va 

Bobertson  Cross  Boads 

Ala 

BobertSTille,  La 

Bobeson,  Pa 

Bobideaux,  Mo 

Bobinson,  Col 

Bobinson,  Ga 

Bobinson,  III 

Bobinson,  III 

Bobinson,  Ind 

Bobinson,  Kan 

Bobinson,  Kan 

Bobinson,  Mich 

Bobinson,  Pa 

Bobinson,  Pa 

Bobinson,  W.  Va 

Bobinson  &  Kelly,  Ga.. 
Bobinson  Springs,  Ala 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-town 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

postboro' 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

civil-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

city 

township 

post-twp 

mag-dist 

precinct 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-boro' 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

township 

civil-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

I>ost-towii 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

township 

city 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

■nil -dist 

post-prect 


County. 


Washington.... 

Trego 

Wissaukee 

Lac-qui-Parle.. 

Burt 

Gage 

Hitchcock 

Steele 

Hamilton 

Northumberl'd 

Brown 

Clay 

Hand 

Potter 

Campbell 

Sangamou 

Clay 

Floyd 

Fremont , 

Fremont 

Mason 

Clay 

Franklin 

Burleigh 

Moody 

Jackson , 

Obion 

Prince  George.. 

Obion 

Marion 

Mercer 

McKean 

Gariield 

Lafayette 

Wabash 

Bandolph 

Bandolph 

Bandolph 

Woodford 

Woodford 

Huntington 

Stanton 

Howard 

Northampton .. 

Warren 

Denton 

Charlotte 

Halifax 

Boanoke 

Lackawanna.... 

Columbia 

Bandolph 

Fagle 

Barry 

Trigg 

Blair 

Gasconade 

Henderson 

Henderson 

Posey 

Gosper 

Greene.^ 

Scott 

Washington 

Graham 

Natchitoches ... 

Wise 

Martin 

Martin 

Jones 

Hampton 

Jefferson 

Hall 

Ford 

Marshall 

Wilkin 

Huntingdon 

Madison 


Montgomery... 
Natchitoches... 

Berks 

Pulaski 

Summit 

Colquitt 

Crawford 

Crawford 

Posey 

Brown 

Stanton 

Ottawa 

Alleghany 

Washington.... 

Mason 

jHsiJer 

Elmore 


Population. 


168 
319 
326 


1,268 
336 


1,044 
705 
377 
969 

1,069 
497 
681 


426 


1,338 
180 

1,884 
800 
136 

1,407 

1,127 


1,683 
35(1 

2,379 
32" 
816 

1,403 
365 
597 


215 
2,276 


5,703 
7,124 
669 
760 
553 
822 


702 
2,269 

489 
3,165 
1,367 


1,778 
2.33 

1,299 
690 
910 

1,774 


1,321 
1,346 
148 
1,046 
2,639 


664 

228 

1,017 


694 
3,445 


.3,005 


2,322 
768 


819 
2,874 
1,380 
1,7:« 
1,146 


439 
1,170 
1,798 
1,267 

473 
1,979; 

193 


608 
209 
617 
434 
346 
628 
228 
134 

2,169 
394 
630 
472 
73 
38 
797 

1,127 
525 

1,020 

1,078 
660 

1,203 

296 

389 

71 

S90 

1,305 
377 

1,617 

1,198 
165 

1,247 
606 
1.57 

1,261 
682 

1,901 
631 

1,148 

1,878 
831 
6.32 
69 
207 

2,576 
496 
292 

4,962 

6,791 
16,159 
336 
580 
872 
300 

1,097 

2,010 
920 

3,142 

1,822 
682 

2,072 
321 

1,475 

2,065 
787 

1,723 
676 

1,675 

1,904 
228 

1,014 

3,101 
321 
611 
325 

1,065 
204 
651 

3,903 

3,020 

289 

2,483 

829 

164 

831 

2,990 

1,387 

1,638 

1,273 

166 

510 

1,242 

1,820 

1,129 

l,0;i9 

639 


CITTKS,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kmii*  of  place  *nd 
•tela. 


Boca,  Neb 

Hocliiliilo,  I  lid 

Koclie  ilarl'ur,  W«>b... 

Rocliellx,  III 

Iloclie|M>rt,  Mo 

RiiclieHtor,  111 

Boclieatttr,  Iiid ~.... 

Roclieotur,  Iiid 

Boclieater,  Iowa. 

Boche»ter,  Kai 

Booliester,  Ky 

Rochester,  Ky 

Biichester,  Mh«« 

Boohester,  Mich 

Bucliester,  Minn 

Bucheater,  Minn 

Boche«ter,  Mo 

Bochester,  Nil ».. 

Rocliester,  N.Y. _. 

Bocliester,  N.Y 

BocheRter,  N.D 

Rochester,  N.D 

Rochester,  O 

Rochester,  O 

Rochester,  Pa 

Rochester,  Vtt 

Rochester,  Vt 

Rochester,  Wis 

Rock,  Town ...„. 

Rock,  Iowa 

Ruck,  Iowa 

Bock,  Iowa 

Rock,  lowH. 

Bock,  Kan „... 

Bock,  Minn ».. 

Bock,  Mo 

Bock,  W.Va 

Bock,  Wis 

Bock,  Wis 

Bockiiway,  N.J 

Rockaway  Dcach,  N.Y. 

Rock  niuff,  Neb 

Rock  Itranch,  Kan 

Rock  Uridge,  Ga 

llockl)rid«e.  111 

Rockbridge,  111 

Rockbridge,  Wis 

Rock  Cii8ile,Kv 

Rock  Castle,  Ky 

Rock  Castle,  Ky 

Rock  City,  111 

Rock  Creek,  AU 

Rock  Creek,  C«l 

Rock  Creek,  Col 

Rock  Creek,  Col 

Rock  Creek,  Col 

Rock  Creek,  Ga 

Rock  Creek,  Idaho 

Rock  Creek,  III 

Rock  Creek,  III 

Rock  Creek,  III 

Rock  Creek,  III 

Bock  Creek,  Ind 

Bock  Creek,  Ind 

Rock  Creek,  Ind 

Rock  Creek,  Ind 

Rock  Creek,  Iowa. 

Rock  Creek,  Kan 

Rock  Creek,  Kan 

Bock  Creek,  Kan 

Bock  Creek,  Kan 

Bock  Creek,  Kan 

Bock  Creek,  Khd.- 

Bock  Creek,  Kan 

Bock  Creek,  Ky 

Bock  Creek,  Minn 

Bock  Creek,  Neb 

Bock  Creek,  Neb 

Rock  Creek,  Neb 

Rock  Creek,  Neb 

Rock  Creek,  N.C 

B.K:k  Creek,  N.C 

Rock  Creek,  O 

Rock  Creek,  Ore 

Rock  Creek,  Ore 

Rock  Creek,  Ore 

Rock  Creek,  Ore 

Rock  Creek,  S.D 

Rock  Creek,  Wis 

Rock  Creek  BHsin.Mont 

Rockdale,  Ala 

Rockdale,  Pa 

Rockdale,  S.D 

Rockdale,  Tex , 

Rock  Dell,  Minn.... 
Bock  Elm,  Wis 

194 


Rank  of 
place. 


po«t-»l1l 

township 

poat-vlll 

city 

ptMt-vill 

[toat-twp 

township 

post-vlU 

po«t-twp 

post-twp 

niag.-dist 

post-vill 

|io8t-town 

IKMt-vill 

township 

city 

post-twp 

(KMil-town 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-Till 

township 

post-boro 

post-town 

pu8t-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-twp 

village 

poBt-prect 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

niag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

township 

|)08t-twp 

townxhip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

ning.-dist 

posl-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

township 

city 

post-twp 

poet-twp 


CottDty. 


Lancaater........ 

PutllMDl 

San  Juan 

Ogle 

Boone 

Sangamon 

Fulton., 

rultou 

Cedar 

Kingman 

Butler. 

Butler 

Plyniouih.. 

Oakland 

Olmsted 

Olmstml 

Andrew 

Stmflbrd 

Monroe 

Ulster 

Ouss 

Nelson... ».. 

Lorain 

Lorain 

Beaver... 

Beaver 

Windsor. 

Racine 

Cherokee 

Lyon 

Mitchell 

Sioux 

Woodbury 

Marshall 

Pipe  Stone. 

Jefferson 

Mercer 

Rock 

Wo<k1 

Morris 

Queens 

Chss 

Norton 

Gwinnett.. 

Greene 

Greene „.. 

Richland 

Lawrence 

Trigg 

Trigg 

Stephenson 

Colbert 

GarHeld 

Pitkin 

Routt 

Washington 

Kannin 

Cassia 

Carroll 

Hancock „. 

Hardin 

Williamson 

Bartholomew... 

Carroll 

Huntington 

Wells 

Jas|)er 

Butler 

Coflfey 

Cowley 

.Jefieraon 

Nemaha 

Pottawatomie... 
Wabaunsee.. 

Grayson 

Pine , 

JelTerson 

Lancaster.... 

Otoe 

Saunders 

Guilford 

Wilkes 

Ashtabula... 

Baker 

Gilliam 

Grant 

Linn 

Miner... 

Dunn 

Lewis  <Sc  Clarke 

Randolph... 

Crawford.... 

Hand 

Milam 

Olmsted 

Pierce 


Population. 


1880.      1800. 


116 

86 

T.'sici 
l,ai8 

4,44« 

1,«0« 

6iKi 


18U 

1,043 

UU6 

612 

6,  ltd 

2,039 

6,784 

89,306 

4,109 


733 

2.37 

C5I 

2,6.52 

1,362 

776 

2:16 

35:h 

840 

254 

196 

64U 

103 

3,517 

1,735 

1,006 

261 

7,366 


1,211 

778 

1,373 


202 

1,200 

608 

i,6o;» 

71 
161 
636 


180 


2,184 

1,444 

841 

1,196 

1,099 

1,432 

1,834 

1,412 

717 

632 

668 

1,170 

1,147 

1,864 

1,123 

673 

2,414 

221 

362 

661 

721 

602 

1,213 

1,071 

568 


1,627 
186 


],(KX) 
1,603 


1,186 

1,008 

899 


191 

428 

247 

1,789 

6.31 

i,;«2 
6,u«a 

2,467 

680 

348 

3,407 

610 

1,012 

900 

612 

6,321 

1,896 

7,396 

133,896 

8,667 

84 

127 

666 

218 

925 

8,649 

1,267 

699 

662 

1,690 

746 

1,016 

1,010 

712 

1.50 

3,266 

6,523 

976 

697 

6,03:1 

1,5<J2 

1,168 

447 

1,281 

2,737 

:»6 

1,148 

663 

1,305 

101 

148 

490 

612 

96 

184 

162 

3:12 

292 

2,144 

1,217 

1,2.54 

1,293 

4,0:10 

1,409 

2,081 

1,609 

707 

480 

1,588 

7(»9 

1,613 

2,078 

938 

757 

2,420 

464 

587 

961 

754 

692 

1,217 

1,246 

448 

33 

406 

86 

316 

292 

84:1 

45 

1,047 

1,309 

92 

1,.505 

877 

1,047 


Name  of  place  and 
•tote. 


Rockevhead,  Ala.... 

Hock  Falls,  III 

Rock  FhIIh,  Iowa.... 

Rock  Falls,  Neb 

Rock  Falls,  N.b 

Rock  Falls,  Wis 

Uockfeller,  Pa. 

Kockfleld.  Ky 

Rockflsh,  N.C 

Rocktish,  N.C... 

Rockflsh,  Va 

Rockford,  Ala. 

Ilockford,  Ala 

Bockf.>r<l,III 

Rockford,  III 

Rockford,  Iowa 

Rockford,  Iowa. 

Rockford,  Jowa. 

Rockford,  Kan 

Rockford,  Minn 

Rockford,  Mo 

Rockford,  Mo 

KockfonI,  Neb 

Rockford,  Neb 

Rockford,  N.C 

Rockford,  Wash 

Rock  Gai),  W.  Va.„. 

Rock  Grove,  lil 

Rock  Grove,  Iowa.. 

Rock  Hill,  Pa.„ 

Rock  II  ill,  8.0 

Rock  Hill,  Va 

Rockhold's,  Ky 

Rock  House,  Ky 

Rock  House,  Ky 

Rockingham,  Iowa. 
Rockingham,  N.C... 

Rockingham,  Vt 

Rock  Island,  III 

Rockland,  Col 

Rockland,  Idaho 

Rockland,  Me 

Rockland,  Mass 

Rockland,  Mich 

Rockland,  Mich 

Rockland,  Minn 

Rockland,  N.Y 

Rockland,  Pa 

Rockland,  Pa 

Rockland,  Tex 

Rockland,  Wash 

Rockland,  Wis 

Rockland,  Wis 

Rock  Lick.Va 

Rocklin,Cal 

Rock  mart,  Ga 

Rockmart,  Ga 

Rock  Mills,  Ala 

Rock  Mills,  Ala 

Rock  Mills,  S.C 

Rock  Point,  Ore 

Rock  Pond,  Ga 

Rockport,  Ind 

Rockport,  Ky 

Rockport,  Ky 

Rockport,  Mass 

Rockport,  Mo 

Rockport,  O 

Rockport,  Tex 

Rockport,  Utah 

Rock  Prairie,  Mo.... 
Rock  Rapids,  Iowa.. 
Rock  River,  Mich.. 

Rockroe,  Ark 

Rockroe,  Ark 

Rock  Run,  Ala 

Itock  Run,  Ala 

Rock  Run,  III 

Rockslmry,  Minn... 
Rock  Springs,  Wyo. 

Rockton,  III 

Rockton,  111 

Rockton,  Neb 

Rockvale,  Col 

Rockvale,  III 

Rock  Valley,  Iowa.. 

Rockville,  Conn 

Rockville,  Ga 

Rockville,  III 

Rockville,  Ind 

Rockville,  Kan 

Rockville,  Md 

Rockville,  Md 

Rockville,  Minn 

Rockville,  Mo 

Rockville,  Mo 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-prect 

city 

IKXit-town 

township 

poet-twp 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

tow  iish  i  p 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

|l08t-vill 

township 

city 

township 

|>08t-Vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

poet-twp 

precinct 

|iost-twp 

|io8t-town 

niag.-dist 

|io8t-town 

township 

borough 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

precinct 

niag.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

city 

precinct 

post-prect 

city 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

IK)st-town 

precinct 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

lK)St-viU 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

poBt-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

city 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

district 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-Till 


County. 


Dale 

Whiteside 

Cerro  Gordo 

Holt 

Phelpe 

Lincoln 

Nortlinmberl'd 

Warren 

Cumberland 

Duplin 

Nelson .„.. 

Cooea 

Coosa 

Winnebago 

Winnebago 

Floyd 

Floyd 

Pottawattamie 

Sedgwick 

Wright 

Caldwell 

Carroll.. 

Gage 

Garfield. 

Surry 

8)M>kane 

Morgan 

Stephenson 

Floyd 

Huntingdon 

York 

Stafford 

Whitley 

Laurel 

Letcher 

Scott 

Richmond 

Windham 

Rock  Island 

Logan 

Oneida 

Knox 

Plymouth 

Ontonagon 

Ontonagon 

Lyon 

Sullivan 

Berks 

Venango 

Tvler 

KlikiUt 

Brown 

Manitowoc 

Buchanan 

Placer 

Polk 

Polk 

Randolph 

Randolph , 

Anderson , 

Jackson 

Decatur 

Spencer , 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Essex 

Atchison 

Cuyahoga 

Aransas 

Summit 

Dade 

Lyon 

Alger. 

Monroe 

Prairie 

Cherokee 

Cherokee 

Stephenson 

Polk 

Sweetwater 

Winnebago 

Winnebago 

Furnas 

Fremont 

Ogle , 

Sioux 

Tolland 

Putnam 

Kankakee 

Parke 

Rice 

Montgomery.... 
Montgomery.... 

Stearns.... 

Bates 

Bates „ 


Population. 


1880.   1890. 


101 

836 
1,889 
2,184 
1,662 
4,336 
1,633 


14,625 
13,129 
l,:i68 
730 
931 
798 
901 
779 


569 


1,144 


761 
1,071 
1,461 


809 
1,333 


450 

824 

369 

2,482 

3,797 

11,669 


7,599 
4,553 


248 
2,481 
1,527 
1,97" 


1,234 

2,200 
624 

1,9:19 
460 

1,256 


1,293 
281 


2,382 
3,615 

399 
3,912 

715 
2,676 


127 
1,097 


435 


2,202 


76:1 

1,687 

949 

181 


846 
100 
6,902 
1,229 
1,076 
1,684 


4,203 
688 
660 
947 
315 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890   COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Rockville,  Neb 

Kockville,  Utah 

liockwall,  Tex 

Kockwell,  Iowa 

Kockwell,  Kan 

Kockwell,  Minn 

Bockwell  CItv,  Iowa... 

Bockwooil,  111 

Bockwood,  Minn «. 

Rockwood,  Pa 

Bockwood,  Tenn. 

Bocky,  Col , 

Bocky  Bar,  Idaho 

Bocky  Comfort,  Ark.... 

Bocky  Creek,  Ala 

Bocky  Ford,  Col 

Bocky  Ford,  Col , 

Bocky  Fork,  Mo , 

Bocky  Fork,  Tenn 

Bocky  Gap,  Va , 

Bocky  Grove,  S.C 

Bocky  Grove,  S.C 

Rocky  Hill,  Conn 

Bocky  Hill,  Ky 

Bocky  Mound,  Tenn.... 

Bocky  Mount,  Ga 

Bocky  Mount,  N.C 

Rocky  Mount,  N.C 

Rocky  Mount,  N.C 

Rocky  Mount,  N.C 

Rocky  Mount,  Va 

Rocky  Mount,  Va 

Rocky  Plains,  Oa 

Rocky  Point,  N.C 

Bocky  Ridge,  0 

Bocky  River,  N.C 

Bocky  Bun,  111 

Rocky  Springs,  N.C 

Rocky  Station,  Va 

Rodman,  N.Y 

Rodney,  Mich 

Rodney,  Miss 

Roger'',  Ark 

Rogers,  Ark 

Rogers,  HI 

Rogers,  Mich 

Rogers  City,  Mich 

Rogers  Park,  III 

Eogersville,  Ala 

Bogersville,  Tenn 

Roggen,  Col 

Rohnerville,  Cal 

Roland,  Ga 

Roland,  Iowa 

Rolesville,  N.C 

Rolfe,  Iowa 

Rolla,  Mo 

Rolla,  Mo 

Rolla,  N.D 

Rolland,  Mich 

Roller  Ridge,  Ark 

Rollin,  Mich 

Rolling,  \Vi.a 

Rolling  Fork,  Miun 

Rolling  Green,  Minn... 
Rolling  Prairie,  Kan.... 

Rollingstone,  Minn 

RoUington,  Ky 

Rollinsford,  N.H 

Rome,  Ala 

Rome,  Ga 

Rome,  Ga 

Rome,  111 

Rome,  HI 

Rome,  Iowa 

Rome,  Me 

Rome,  Mich 

Rome,  Minn 

Rome,  Minn 

Rome,  N.Y 

Rome,  0 

Rome,  0 

Rome,  0 

Rome,  Pa 

Home,  Pa 

Rome,  Pa 

Rimie,  S.D 

Rome,  S.D 

Rome,  Wash 

Rome,  Wis 

Rouieo,  Midi 

Romeroville,  N.M 

Romine,  III 

Romness,  N.D 

Romney,  W.  Va 

Romney,  W.  Va 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-twp 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

|>08t-vill 

|)ost-prect 

township 

post-boro' 

|)Ost-town 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

civil. -dist 

niHg.-dist 

township 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

civil-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

village 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

l>08t- 1  Wp 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

I)08t-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

po.-it-town 

township 

township 

township 

ixwt-vill 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-prect 

|Kist-twp 

mit.'dist 

townsliip 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

city 

township 

village 

township 

post-town 

|)08t-twp 

township 

township 

city 

|K)st  twp 

townsliip 

townsliip 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 


County. 


Sherman 

Washington.... 

Rockwall 

Cerro  Gordo.... 

Norton 

Norman 

Calhoun 

Randolph 

Wadena 

Somerset „ 

Roane 

Park 

Elmore 

Little  River.... 

Butler 

Otero 

Otero 

Boone 

Unicoi 

Bhind 

Aiken 

Orangeburg 

Hartford 

Barren 

Trousdale 

Meriwether , 

Edgecombe 

Edgecombe 

Nash 

Nush 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Newton , 

Pender 

Ottawa 

Cabarrus 

Hancock 

Montgomery... 

Lee 

Jefferson , 

Mecosta , 

Jefferson 

Benton 

Seltaitian 

Ford 

Presque  Isle 

Presque  Isle 

Cook 

Lauderdale 

Hawkins..„ 

Weld 

Humb'ddt 

Forsyth 

Webster 

Wako 

Pocahontas 

Phelps 

Phelps 

Rolette 

Isabella 

Benton 

Lenawee 

Langlade 

Pope 

Martin 

Morris 

Winona 

Oldham 

Strafford 

Tallapoosa 

Floyd 

Floyd 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Joni'S 

Kennebec 

Lenawee 

Faribault 

Polk 

Oneida 

Ashtabula 

Athens 

Lawrence 

Bradford 

Bradford 

Crawford 

Davison 

Deuel 

Whatcom 

Adam'< 

Macomb 

San  Miguel 

Marion 

Griggs  

Hampshire 

Hampshire 


Population. 


232 
215 
249 


90 
987 


1,011 


222 
910 


47 
2,4:i() 

154 
1,180 

901 


1,108 
2,:i84 

817 
1,407 
1,850 

5.5-2 
1,702 

65 
3,370 

315 

972 
1,830 


1,512 
844 

S,77« 
1,517 


7;» 


775 
475 
325 
629 


2,687 
1,582 


895 

404 

1,425 


296 

3Si 

509 

808 

819 

1,712 

1,312 

8,099 

3,877 

1,494 

15:i 

1,270 

600 

1,369 

505 

121 

12,194 

608 

2,207 

2,512 

1,045 

236 

1,324 


219 
1,629 


1,000 


1,565 
371 


747 
194 
843 
.381 
36:1 
197 
616 
946 
183 
663 

2,429 
235 
605 
234 
866 

1,019 
468 

2,594 
176 

1,429 

1,371 
771 

1,069 

2,:<58 
.584 

1,406 

1,870 
816 

1,981 
816 

3,399 
628 

1,012 

1,586 
483 

1,604 
704 
863 

3,257 

1,287 
199 
702 

1,265 
905 
861 
766 
431 

1,708 

1,496 

1,163 
110 

1,665 
639 
748 
1.50 
629 

2,513 

1,692 
265 

1,061 
426 

l,i)59 
685 
399 
438 
999 
923 
739 

2,003 

1,479 
12,453 

6,957 

1,627 
186 

l,3:i5 
600 

1,266 

641 

391 

14,901 

607 

1,9.57 

2,851 
919 
226 

1,353 
350 
168 
248 
238 

1,687 
.326 

1,135 
185 

1,743 
451 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Romuing,  Ala , 

Romulus,  Mich 

Romulus,  N.Y 

Ronald,  Midi 

Ronceverte,  W.  Va.. 

Rondell,  S.D 

Roodhouse,  III 

Roodhouse,  III 

Rook  Creek,  III , 

Roopvllle,  Ga , 

Uoopville,  Ga 

Rooster,  Tenn 

Rooster  Rock,  Ore... 

Root,  Ind 

Root,  N.Y 

Rootstown,  0 

Roper,  N.C 

Rosalia,  Kan 

Rosalia,  Wash 

Koscoe,  III 

Koscoe,  Iowa 

Roscoe,  Kan 

Roscoe,  Minn 

Roscoe,  Mo 

Roscoe,  Mo 

Roscoe,  N.D 

Roscoe,  S.D 

Roscommon,  Mich... 
Roscommon,  Mich... 

Rose,  HI 

Uose,  Mich 

Rose,  Mich „ 

Rose,  Minn „,.. 

Rose,  Neb 

Rose,  N.Y 

Rose,  O 

Rose,  Pa 

Rose,  Wis 

Rose  Bar,  Cal 

Boseboom,  N.Y 

Rosebud,  Minn 

Rose  Bud,  Ore 

Roseburg,  Ore 

Rose  Bush,  Ore 

Rose  Creek,  Ark 

Rose  Creek,  Kan 

Rose  Creek,  Neb 

Rosedale,  III 

Rosedale,  Ind 

Rosedale,  Kan 

Rosedale,  Miss 

Rosedale,  S.D 

Ilosedale,  S.D 

Rosedale,  Wash 

Rose  Dell,  Minn 

Rosefield,  III 

Rose  Grove,  Iowa...., 

Rose  Hill,  Ala... 

Rose  Hill,  Iowa 

Rose  Hill,  Minn 

Rose  Hill,  Mo , 

Itose  Hill,  N.D , 

Rose  Hill,  S.D , 

Rose  Hill,  Va 

Rose  Lake,  Mich 

Roseland,  La  .  

Roseland,  Minn 

Roseland,  Neb 

Roselle,  Iowa 

Roselma,  Neb 

Rosemary,  8.0 

Rosemond,  III 

Rosemont,  Minn 

Rosemont,  Minn , 

Itosendale,  Minn 

Rosendale,  Mo 

Rosendale,  N.Y 

Roseiidale,  N.Y 

Rosendale,  Wis , 

Roseiiealh,  N.C 

Uoselte,  S.D 

Rose  Valley,  Kan 

Koseville,  Ark 

Uoseville,  Ark 

Koseville,  Cal 

Koseville.  Ill 

Koseville,  III 

Koseville,  Ky 

Roseville,  Minn 

Koseville,  Minn , 

Roseville,  N.D 

Koseville,  0 

Roseville,  Pa 

Rosewood,  Ac,  Fla... 

Rosewood,  Ky , 

Rosewood,  Minn- 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-prect 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

mil.-dir^t 

post-vill 

civil-dist 

precinct 

township 

townsliip 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

townsliiji 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

city 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-tow  n 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-Till 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

borough 

post-prect 

mae.-dist 

township 


Connty, 


Tuscaloosa., 

Wayne 

Seneca 

Ionia ., 

Greenbrier . 

Brown 

Greene 

Greene 

Livingston., 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Cocke 

Multnomah 

Adams 

Montgomery.... 

Portage 

Washington.. 

Butler 

Whitman 

Winnebago... 

Davis 

Reno 

Goodhue 

Saint  Clair ... 
Saint  Clair ... 

La  Moure 

Edmunds 

Roscommon.. 
Roscommon., 

Shelby , 

Oakland 

Ogemaw 

Ramsey 

Scott's  Bluff. 

Wayne 

Carroll 

■Tefferson 

Waushara 

Yuba 

Otsego 

Polk 

Grant 

Douglas 

Wasco 

Perry 

Republic 

Thayer 

Jersey 

Parke 

Wyandotte.... 

Bolivar 

Clark 

Hanson 

Pierce 

Rock 

Peoria 

Hamilton 

Covington 

Mahaska 

Cottonwood... 

Johnson 

Foster 

Hand. 

Lee 

Osceola 

Tangipahoa.., 

Kandijohi 

Adams 

Carroll 

Boone , 

Barnwell 

Christian 

Dakota 

Dakota 

Watonwan.... 

Andrew 

Ulster. 

Ulster 

Fond  du  Lac. 

Halifax 

Edmunds 

Stafford 

Logan 

Logan 

Placer 

Warren 

Warren 

Barren 

Grant 

Kandiyohi.,.. 

Traill 

Muskingum.., 

Tioga 

Levy 

Muhlenburg.. 
Chippewa , 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


760 
1,741 

2,766 

1,499 

396 


1,111 

902 


300 
1,270 
2,27.S 
1,217 


645 


938 
702 
328 
1,100 
1,2.53 
172 


114 


1,380 
1,159 

202 

877 


2,244 
1,195 
1,001 
464 
1,496 
1,515 


1,385 
730 
729 
207 
962 


190 
1,220 

207 
1,036 

199 

123 
1,653 


3,287 
470 


853 
1,274 
848 
116 
211 
128 
4,724 


1,193 
1,452 


981 
216 
2.^8 

1,708 
804 

1,3.35 
194 
286 


631 
186 


448 

195 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kftine  of  pl«c«  and 
■Uie. 


Botlclair,  III 

Kualclair,  III 

Ko«iru.,  Ky 

Rotine,  Ky 

KualU,  Oul 

Roslta,  Cul 

Bo»lyn,  N.Y 

Kotlyii,  Wash 

Row,  III 

Bom,  III 

Rom,  III 

Raa8,  Ind 

Ron,  I  tid 

Ro«i),  Iowa. 

Rou,  Iowa. - 

Kosit,  Iowa.... 

Koas,  Kan 

Row,  Knn 

Row,  Mich 

Row,  0 

Row,  0„ 

Rom,  0 

Ros8,U 

Roas,  I'a 

Ross,  Pa 

Ru68,  Pa 

Rosd,  Wash 

Boeaie,  N.Y- 

Kc«8ville,  III 

RoMville,  Iiid 

Roasville,  Kan 

Ru«8vill«,  Kan 

RuSHville,  O 

Ro88ville,  S.C 

Rossville,  Tex 

Roet,  Minn 

Roatraver,  Pa 

Roswell,  Col 

RoBwvll,  Ga 

Roswell,  N.M 

Roswell,  N.M 

Roswell,  S.D 

Rotate,  Kan 

Rotli»ay,  Minn 

Rotterdam,  N.Y 

RouliiJiuix,  Mo 

Roulii<ioux,  Neb 

Rough  and  Ready,  Cul. 
Rough  and  Iteady  Fur- 
nace, Tenn 

Rough  Creek,  Ky 

Rough  IMge,  Ga 

Rough  Edge,  Ga 

Roulette,  Pa 

Round  Grove,  111 

Round  Grove,  Ind 

Round  Grove,  Minn 

Round  Grove,  Mo 

Round  Grove,  Mo 

Roundhead,  0 

Round  Hill,  Va 

Round  Lake,  Minn 

Rounii  Mound,  Kan 

Round  }Ioiintaiu,  Ala.. 

Round  Pond,  Ky 

Round  Prairie,  Ark 

Round  Prairie,  Iowa.... 

Round  Prairie,  Minn 

Round  Prairie,  Mo 

Round  Springs,  Kan 

Round  Top,  Tex 

Roundup,  Mont 

Bound  Valley,  Cal 

Rountree,  111 

Rouse,  Col 

Rouse's  Point,  N.Y 

Rousseau,  S.D 

Rover,  Ark 

Rovohl,  Kan 

Rowanta,  Va 

Howe,  Mass 

Howe,  N.M 

Rowe  Creek,  Ac,  Ore... 

Rowell,  S.C 

Rowena,  Ky 

Rowena,S.D 

Rowland,  Ark 

Rowland,  Cal 

Rowland,  Ky 

Rowland,  N.C 

Rowland,  Ore 

Rowlesburg,  W.  Va 

Rowley,  Mass 

B<>xan»,  Mich 

Roxboroiigh,  N.C 

Boxborough,  N.C 

196 


Bank  of 
place. 


precinct 

(lOSt-Vill 

mag.-dist 

liost-vill 

precinct 

poat-viU 

pust-vill 

pott-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

|)ost-town 

township 

post-vill 

village 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

))ost-prect 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

|>ost-twp 

precinct 

post-twp 

civil-dist 

mag.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-twp; 

township 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

township 

iwst-prect 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

poet-town 

IKJSt-tWp 

township 
post-vill 


Ooanty. 


Hanlln 

Hardin 

Ohio 

Ohio „.. 

Custer. 

Custer 

Queens 

Kittitaw 

Edgar 

Pike 

Vermilion 

Clinton 

Lake. 

Franklin 

Fremont 

Taylor 

Cherokee.- 

Osliorne 

KuUniazoo...... 

Butler 

Gi'eene 

Jeflerson- 

Wood 

Alleghany 

Luzerne...- 

Monroe 

King 

Saint  Lawrence 

Vermilion 

Clinton 

Shawnee 

Shawnee 

Darke 

Chester 

Atascosa 

Jackson 

Westmoreland.. 

El  Paso 

Cobb 

Chaves 

Chaves 

Miner 

Rawlins 

Wilkin... 

Schenectifuly-... 

Texas 

Bluff. 

Nevada 


Stewart 

Brecken  ridge.. 

Talbot 

Troup 

Potter. 

Livingston 

White 

McLeod 

Macon 

Marion 

Hardin 

Loudoun 

Jackson 

Osborne 

Cherokee 

Simpson 

Benton 

Jefferson 

Todd 

Callaway 

Mitchell 

Fayette 

Yellowstone.... 

Mendocino 

Montgomery... 

Huerfano 

Clinton 

Hughes 

Yell 

Thomas 

Dinwiddle 

Franklin 

San  Miguel 

Gilliam 

Marion 

Russell 

Minnehaha 

Pulaski 

Los  Angeles.... 

Lincoln 

Robeson 

Coos 

Preston 

Essex 

Eaton 

Person 

Person 


Populatiou. 


Q04 

3,4:10 
146 


1,008 
1,101 


1,306 

333 

2,664 

1,870 

l,6e4 

634 

1,280 

738 

1,071 

1,119 

1,617 

1,693 

1,3:15 

741 

639 

1,976 

1,053 

710 


1,709 
768 
471 

1,466 
323 


1,922 


124 
3,231 


1,180 


2,:i26 
467 


1,964 
906 


9(K) 

1,856 

648 

906 

804 

386 

911 

1,808 

1,035 


116 

465 


1,3 16 
1,502 
1,116 

440 
1,312 

304 


742 
822 


1,485 
""447 


3,981 
602 


1,122 
921 


110 

402 

1,201 

l,6'.t7 

1,9 19 

483 


1,072 

274 

4,194 

IK) 

473 

304 

1,261 

1,484 

1,591 

416 

3,12<J 

1,866 

1,427 

685 

603 

7tKi 

1,204 

1,669 

1,:J47 

1,450 

1,2:10 

660 

728 

2,202 

1,102 

727 

218 

1,49:1 

879 

604 

1,456 

420 

264 

1,861 

750 

319 

3,896 

176 

1,138 

762 

343 

263 

230 

174 

3,098 

968 

105 

1,131 

706 

2,860 

875 

1,809 

l,i:« 

983 

779 

689 

900 

1,-516 

1,167 

207 

316 

264 

1,142 

l,1.'i3 

849 

890 

603 

820 

220 

238 

95 

975 

842 

680 

1,866 

93 

688 

454 

3,919 

641 

315 

220 

1,245 

965 

126 

713 

TAG 

612 

72 

160 

660 

1,248 

1,731 

2,626 

421 


Kame  of  place  and 
■tate. 


Roxbury,  Conn 

Koxlmry,  Me 

Roxbury,  N.H 

Roxbury,  N.J 

Roxbury,  N.Y 

Roxbury,  Vt 

Roxbury,  Wis. 

Roxobel,  N.C 

Roxtoii,  Tex 

Koy,  S.D „.. 

Roy,  Wash 

Royal,  Ark 

Royal,  Kan 

Royal,  Minn 

Royal,  Neb 

Royal  Centre,  Ind 

Uoyal  Oak,  Mich 

Hoyalston,  Mass 

Royalton,  Mich 

Royalton,  Minn 

Royalton,  Minn 

Royalton,  N.Y 

Royalton,  0 

Royalton,  0 

Royalton,  O 

Royalton,  Vt 

Royalton,  Wis 

Royer's  Ford,  Pa 

Royse  City,  Tex 

Itoyston,  Ga 

Rubicon,  III 

Rubicon,  Mich 

Rubicon,  Wis 

Ruckersville,  Ga 

Ruckersville,  Va 

Rudd,  Iowa 

Ruddell,  Ark 

Ruddel's  Mills,  Ky 

Ruddel's  Mills,  Ky 

Ruddock,  Ore 

Rudolph,  Wis 

Rudy,  Ark 

Ruedi,  Col 

Ruella,  Kan 

Ruffln,  N.C 

Rugby,  N.D 

Haggles,  O 

Hugh,  N.D 

Rulo,  Neb 

Hulo,  Neb 

Ruma,  111 

Rumford,  Me 

Rnmley,  O 

Humney,  N.H 

Humsey,  Kan 

Humsey,  Ky 

Rumsey,  Ky 

Runoberg,  Minn 

Kunnells,  Iowa 

Running  Water,  Neb... 
Running  Water,  Neb... 
Running  Water,  Neb... 

Rupert,  Vt 

Rural,  III 

Rural,  Kan 

Rural,  Kan 

Rusco,  Neb 

Rnscombmanor,  Pa 

Rush,  III 

Rush,  Kan 

Ruth,  Mich 

Hush,  Mo 

Rush,  N.Y 

Rush,  0 

Rush,  O 

Rush,  0 

Rush,  Pa 

Rush,  Pa 

Rusli,  Pa. 

Rush,  Pa. 

Rush,  Pa.. 

Rush  Centre,  Kan 

Rush  City,  Minn 

Rush  Creek,  Col 

Rush  Creek,  &c..  Neb... 

Hush  Creek,  0 

Rush  Creek,  0 

Huslifurd,  Minn 

Rushford,  Minn 

Rushford,  N.D 

Rushfi.rd,  Wis 

Rush  Hill,  Mo 

Rush  Luke,  Inwa 

Hush  Lake,  Minn 

Rush  River,  N.D 

Bush  River,  Wis 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-town 
post-town 
township 
township 
post-town 

|KMt-tOWn 

post-twp 

i)ost-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

townsiiip 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post  twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-bo  ro' 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

post-twp 

mil.-dint 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-twp 

[wst-twp 

l»ost-prect 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post  town 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

towuKhip 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Litchfield 

Oxford 

Cheshire 

Morris , 

Delaware 

Washington...., 

Dane , 

Bertie...- 

Lamar 

Potter 

Pierce , 

White... 

Ford , 

Lincoln..- , 

Antelope 

Cass 

Oakland 

Worcester 

Berrien 

Morrison 

Pine 

Niagara 

Cuyahoga 

Fuiifleld 

Fulton 

Windsor 

Waupaca 

Montgomery... 

Rockwall 

Frunklin 

Greene 

Huron 

Dodge , 

Elbert 

Greene 

Floyd 

Independence. 

Bourbon 

Bourbon 

Umatilla 

Wood 

Crawford 

Eagle 

Harper 

Rockingham... 

Pierce 

Ashland 

Nelson 

Richardson 

Richardson 

liandolph , 

Oxford 

Hariison 

Grafton , 

Comanche 

McLean 

McLean 

Becker , 

Polk „.. 

Boxbutte , 

Sheridan 

Sioux 

Bennington 

Itock  Island 

Jefferson 

Kingman 

Buffalo 

Berks 

Jo  Daviess 

Rooks 

Shiawassee 

Buchanan 

Monroe 

Champaign 

Scioto 

Tuscarawas 

Centre 

Dauphin 

North  umberl'd 

Schuylkill 

Susquehanna.,.. 

Rush 

Chisago 

Lincoln 

Deuel 

Fairfield 

Logan 

Fillmore 

Fillmore 

Walsh 

Winnebago 

Audrain 

Palo  Alto 

Otter  Tail 

Cass 

St.  Croix- 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


060 

175 

126 

2,i:i9 

2,344 

938 

1,167 

1,702 


1,264 


221 


399 
1,709 
1,192 
1,024 


66 
4,888 
1,124 

170 
1,096 
1,658 
1,086 

658 


127 


1,229 
1,630 
1,141 
1,911 

795 
2,17(i 
l,:i89 

250 


908 


251 
3,706 


1,418 
673 
888 
1,006 
1,261 
1,050 


1,049 
204 


957 

943 

1,027 


1,4«6 
1,106 

314 
1,286 
2,;J25 
1,741 
2,150 

778 
1,037 
1,591 

124 
1,263 

699 
l,:i57 

'"Hso 


8,605 

2,265 

863 

941 


2,059 


237 

448 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES, 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Bushseba,  Minn 

Kuslisjlvania,  0 

Kushville,  III 

liiishville,  III 

lEiishville,  Ind 

Kusliville,  Ind 

Rushville,  Kan 

Kushville,  Neb 

Kushville,  Neh 

Kushville,  N.Y 

Rushville,  0 

Kusk,  S.D 

Kusk,Tpx 

Busk,  Wis 

Russell,  Ala 

Russell,  Ark 

Russell,  III 

Russell,  Ind 

Ras^ell,  Iowa 

Russell,  Kan 

Kussell,  Kan 

Russell,  Ky 

Russell,  Mass 

Kuiisell,  Mo 

Russell,  Mo 

Russell,  Neb 

Russell,  Neb 

Russell,  N.Y 

Russell,  N.D 

Russell,  0 

Russell,  Wis 

Russell,  Wis 

Russell  Gulch,  Col 

Russell  Springs,  Col 

Russell  Springs,  Kan... 
Russell  Springs,  Kan... 

Russellviile,  Ala 

Russellville,  Ala 

Russellviile,  .'Vrk 

Russellville,  Ga 

Russellville,  111 

Russellville,  Ind. 

Russellville,  Ky 

Russellville,  Ky 

Russellville,  0 

Russellville,  Tenn 

Russia,  Minn 

Russia,  N.Y 

Russia,  0 

Russian  River,  Cal 

Russiaville,  Ind 

Rust,  Mich 

Rustburg,  Va 

Rustburg,  Va 

Ruston,  La 

Ruth,  Mo 

Ruthburg,  Idaho 

Rutherford,  Ind 

Rutherford,  N.J 

Rutherford,  Tenn 

Rutherfordton,  N.C 

Ruthsburg,  Md 

Rutliven,  Iowa 

Rutland,  Ac,  Fla 

Rutland,  Ga 

Rutland,  III 

Rutland,  111 

Rutland,  111 

Rutland,  Iowa 

Rutland,  Iowa 

Rutland,  Kau 

Rutland,  Ky 

Rutland,  Mass 

Rutland,  Mich 

Rutland,  Minn 

Rutland,  N.Y 

Rutland,  N.D 

Rutland,  0 

Rutland,  Pa 

Rutland,  S.D 

Rutland,  Vt 

Rutland,  Vt 

Rutland,  Wis 

Rutledge,  Ala 

Rutledge,  Ala 

Rutledge,  Ga 

Rutledge,  111 

Rutledge,  Pa 

Ruyle,  111 

Ryan,  Kan 

Ryan,  S.C 

Ryan,  Glades,  Md 

Rye,  N.H 

Rye,  N.Y „ 

Rye,  N.D 

Rye,  Pa 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-Till 

township 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

civil-dist 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-twp 

district 

post-town 

post-prect 

niil.-dist 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

district 

post  town 

post-town 

township 

township 


County. 


Chisago 

Logan 

Schuyler 

Schuyler 

Rush 

nush 

Phillips 

Sheridan 

Sheridan 

Yates 

Fairfield 

Day 

Cherokee 

Durnett 

Fayette 

White 

Lawrence 

Putnam 

Lucas 

Russell 

Russell 

Greenup 

Hampden 

Camden 

Macon 

Frontier 

Otoe 

Saint  Lawrence 

La  Moure 

Geauga 

Lincoln 

Sheboygan  

Gilpin 

Saguache 

Logan 

Logan 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Pope 

Monroe 

Lawrence 

Putnam 

Logan 

Logan 

Brown 

Hamblen 

Polk 

Herkimer 

Lorain 

Sonoma 

Howard 

Montmorency.. 

Campbell 

Campbell 

Lincoln 

Stone 

Washington 

Martin 

Bergen 

Gibson 

Rutherford 

Queen  Anne's... 

Palo  Alto 

Sumter 

Bibb 

Kane 

La  Salle 

La  Salle 

Humboldt 

Woodbury 

Montgomery.... 

Hrtrris<m 

Worcester 

Barry 

Martin 

Jefferson 

Sargent 

Meigs 

Tioga 

Lake 

Rutland 

Rutland 

Dane 

Crenshaw... 

Crenshaw 

Morgan 

De  Witt 

Delaware 

Jersey 

Sumner 

Kdgefleld 

Garrett 

Rockingham.... 

Westchester 

Grand  Forks.... 
Perry 


Population. 


394 

2,956 
1,B62 
4,390 
2,.il 
248 


503 
227 


359 


1,283 

1,294 
345 

2,001 
861 
175 
823 

1,156 
809 


1,148 
2,403 


857 
543 


186 
826 
834 
26.') 
157 
5,783 
2,058 
478 


2,177 

4,.376 

1,076 

419 


5,359 
194 


1,315 
2,299 
323 
1,243 
2,040 
73 


1,999 

1,033 

1,767 

402 

444 

192 

1,061 

1,406 

1,059 

1,226 

254 

1,796 


2,340 
1,064 


12,149 

7,-')02 

1,133 

1,286 

215 

273 

648 


740 
453 
1,117 
1,03:J 
1,111 
6,576 


849 


659 

497 

1,265 

2,031 

6,101 

3,475 

327 

782 

484 

450 

291 

281 

1,383 

232 

879 

683 

1,500 

1,327 

443 

1,169 

961 

.323 

879 

1,617 

959 

539 

1,410 

2,132 

38 

632 

402 

439 

673 

137 

414 

117 

2,988 

920 

1,321 

812 

284 

327 

6,011 

2,253 

324 

751 

166 

2,145 

5,369 

1,219 

603 

203 

5,477 

362 

707 

241 

71 

1,218 

2,293 

536 

1,904 

2,001 

580 

3,414 

2,440 

1,140 

1,779 

509 

700 

850 

1,2.51 

1,472 

980 

1,030 

414 

1,798 

2;i6 

2,201 

,800 

416 

11,760 

8,239 

1,222 

3,007 

314 

688 

588 

269 

692 

748 

1,321 

1,457 

978 

9,477 

106 

710 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Ryegate,  Vt 

Rye  Valley,  Ore 

Sabetha,  Kan 

Sabina,  0 

Sabinal,  N.M 

Sabiiiosa,  N.M 

Sabula,  Iowa 

Sac,  Iowa 

Sac,  Mo 

Sac  Bay,  Mich 

Sac  City,  Iowa 

Sackett's  Harbor,  N.Y.. 

Saco,  Me 

Sacramento,  Cal 

Sacramento,  Ky 

Sacianiento,  Ky 

Sacramento  River,  Cal 

Sacred  Heart,  Minn.... 

Sacred  Heart,  Minn.... 

Saddle  Butte,  Ore 

Saddle  River,  N.J 

Sadieville,  Ky 

Sadorus,  III 

Sadorus,  111 

Sadsbury,  Pa 

Sadsbury,  Pa 

Sadsbury,  Pa 

Saegerstown,  Pa 

Safe  Harbor,  Pa 

Sage,  Mich 

Saginaw,  Mich 

Saginaw,  Mich 

Saguache,  Col 

Saguache,  Col 

Sahruyuk,  Alaska 

Saint  Albans,  III 

Saint  Albans,  Me 

Saint  Albans,  0 

Saint  Albans,  Vt 

Saint  Andrew,  S.C 

Saint  Andrews,  N.D.... 

Saint  Andrew's  Bay,Fla 

Saint  Andrew's  Bay,Fla 

Saint  Anne,  III 

Saint  Anne,  III 

Saint  .\n8gar,  Iowa 

Saint  Ansgar,  Iowa 

Saint  Anthony,  Minn... 

Saint  Armand,  N.Y 

Saint  Aubert's,  Mo 

Saint  Augusta,  Minn.... 

Saint  Augustine,  Fla.... 

Saint  Augustine,  III 

Saint  Bernard,  Neb 

Saint  Bernard,  0 

Saint  Bridget,  Kan 

Saint  Charles,  Idaho.... 

!  Saint  Charles,  111 

i  Saint  Charles,  III 

I  Saint  Charles,  Iowa 

Saint  Charles,  Iowa 

Saint  Charles,  Ky 

Saint  Charles,  Ky..  

Saint  Charles,  Mich 

Saint  Charles,  Minn 

'  Saint  Charles,  Minn 

Saint  Charles,  Mo 

;  Saint  Charles,  Mo 

;  Saint  Charles,  Neb 

:  Saint  ("lair,  Ala 

Saint  Clair,  111 

j  Saint  Clair,  Iowa 

Saint  Clair,  Iowa 

I  Saint  Clair,  Mich 

Saint  (lair,  Mich 

Saint  Clair,  Mo 

Saint  Clair,  Mont 

Saint  Clair,  0 

Saint  Clair,  0 

j  Saint  Clair,  Pa 

Saint  Clair,  Pa 

Saint  Clair,  Pa 

Saint  Clair,  Tenn 

Saint  Clair,  Va 

Saint  Clairsville,  0 

Saint  Clairsville,  Pa..... 

Saint  Clere,  Kan.„ 

I  Saint  Clond,  Minn 

Saint  Cloud,  Minn 

Saint  Croix  Falls,  Wis. 

Saint  Croix  Falls,  Wis. 

Saint  Dennis  and  Saint 
Thomas,  S.C , 

Saint  Deroin,  Neb..., 

Saint  Edward,  Neb. 

Salute  Genevieve,  Mo... 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-town 
post-prect 
post-vill 

IHJSt-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

jKist-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

city 

city 

mag-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

pt)8t-lwp 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

township 

township 

city 

precinct 

post-vill 

hamlet 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-  twp 

city 

post-vill 

post-twp 

village 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

city 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

|)o8t-vill 

|K)8t-tWp 

township 

city 

township 

city 

po8t-twp 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

borough 

post-boro' 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

poet-vill 

|H)st-boro' 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 
post-prect 
post-town 
township 


County. 


Caledonia.... 

Baker 

Nemaha 

Clinton 

Socorro 

San  Miguel.. 

Jackson 

Sac 

Dade 

Delta 

Sac 

Jefferson 

York 

Sacramento., 

McLean 

McLean 

Shasta 

Renville 

Renville 

Harney 

Bergen 

Scott 

Champaign.., 
Champaign... 

Chester 

Crawford 

Lancaster 

Crawford 

Lancaster.... 

Gladwin 

Saginaw 

Saginaw 

Saguache 

Saguache 


Hancock 

Somerset 

Licking 

Franklin 

Berkeley 

Walsh 

Washington.... 
Washington.... 

Kankakee 

Kankakee 

Mitchell 

Mitchell  

Hennepin.. 

Essex 

Callaway 

Stearns 

Saint  John's.... 

Knox 

Platte 

Hamilton 

Marshall , 

Bear  Lake 

Kane 

Kane 

Flo.vd 

Madison , 

Hopkins 

Hopkins 

Saginaw 

Winona 

Winona 

Saint  Charles .. 
Saint  Charles... 

Cumiug 

Lowndes 

Saint  Clair 

Benton 

Monona 

Saint  Clair 

Saint  Clair 

Franklin 

Ca.scade 

Butler , 

Columbiana 

Beaver. 

Schuylkill 

Westmoreland. 

Hawkins 

Smyth 

Belmont 

Bedford , 

Pottawatomie.. 

Stearns 

Stearns 

Polk , 


Berkeley 

Nemaha 

Boone 

Ste.  Genevieve. 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,046 
122 
849 
757 


1,223 
581 

1,200 
379 
59.1 
885 

6,.389 
21,420 

1,42(1 
172 
408 

1,171 
76 


1,;«5 


1,598 
250 
749 
895 

1,782 
678 
691 


1,376 
29,541 


325 


1,284 
1,394 
1,187 
7,193 
6,216 


371 


1,158 
412 

1,216 
552 
485 
452 

1,320 
798 

2,293 
289 


1,022 


2,519 
1,533 
3,942 
183 
1,444 


l,63!t 
740 
1,155 
8,417 
5,014 


1,3 


907 

331 

1,996 

1,923 

217 


1,252 
1,186 

289 
4,149 

783 

192 
2,404 
1,128 

144 

""698 

2,462 

642 

216 

2,-342 
190 
1.58 

3,929 

197 


1,126 

120 

1,368 

1,080 

379 

199 

918 

920 

1,626 

186 

1,249 

787 

6,075 

26,386 

1,278 

297 

705 

1,098 

327 

115 

2,197 

170 

1,655 

277 

843 

845 

1,861 

745 

613 

547 

1,340 

40,322 

943 

660 

32 

l,26;i 

1,206 

1,053 

7,771 

6,671 

418 

399 

357 

1,433 

718 

1,200 

609 

92 

633 

1,227 

791 

4,742 

255 

720 

1,779 

889 

783 

2,078 

1,690 

l,6;i6 

387 

? 1,600 

449 

1,807 

601 

1,178 

9,298 

6,161 

523 

1,277 

2,741 

766 

798 

1,807 

2,353 

208 

236 

1,097 

1,021 

411 

3,680 

836 

366 

2,768 

1,191 

134 

3.39 

774 

7,686 

798 

745 

2,906 
i:i8 
193 

3,992 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Kkine  of  place  »nd 
■ua«. 


nte  Genevieve,  Mo... 

ot  Elmo,  Ala. 

lit  KImo,  III 

nt  KImo,  Tenn 

lit  Kvrtiiiiaiid,  Mo.... 
nt  KeiiUniinil,  Mo.... 
nt  Francis,  Ark. 


nt  Krancie,  Ark 

nt  Kmncis,  .\rk 

nt  Francis,  Ark 

nt  Francis,  III 

nt  Francis,  Minn.... 

lit  Francis,  Mo 

lit  Kntiici8,  Mo 

lit  Fnincisviile,  III... 

ut  Francigville,  La.. 

lit  Francois,  Mo 

nt  Franyois,  Mo 

nt  George,  Alaska... 

lit  George,  Kan 

nt  George,  Me 

nt  George,  Minn 

lit  George,  Ulali 

nt  Georgi-,  Vt 

nt  George,  W.  Va.... 

nt  George,  W.  Vs.... 

nt  George  Isl'ii,  Md. 

nt  George's,  Del  

nt  George's,  Dv\ 

nt  George'K,  S.C 

lit  Helen,  Mich 

nt  Helen,  Ore. 

nt  Helena,  Cal 

nt  Helena,  Neb 

nt  Helena,  S.C 

lit  Hilaire,  Minn 

nt  Igniice,  Mich 

nt  Ignace,  Mich 

nt  Inigoes,  Md 

nt  Jacob,  III 

nt  Jacob,  III 

lit  James,  Minn 

nt  James,  Minn 

nt  James,  Mo 

nt  James,  Mo 

nt  James,  Mo 

nt  James,  SC. 

nt  James  Goose 

Creek,  S.C 

"nt  James Santee.S.C. 

nt  Jo,  Tex 

nt  Joe,  Ark 

nt  John, Ind 

nt  John,  Iowa 

nt  John,  Kan 

nt  John,  Kan 

nt  John,  Minn 

nt  John,  Mo 

nt  John,  Mo 

ut  John,  Neb 

nt  John,  N.C 

nt  John,  Utah... 

nt  John  Berkeley, 
S.C 

nt  John  Colleton,S.C 

nt  John's,  Ariz 

nt  John's,  Id»ho 

nt  John's,  Mich 

nt  John's,  Ore 

nt  John's,  Ore 

nt  Johnsbury,  Vt.... 

nt  Johnsbury,  Vt.... 

nt  Johnsville,  N.Y... 

nt  Johnsville,  N.Y... 

nt  Joseph,  111 

lit  Joseph,  III 

nt  Joseph,  Ind 

lit  Joseph,  La 

nt  Joseph,  Mich 

nt  Joseph,  Mich 

nt  Joseph,  Minn 

nt  Joseph,  Minn 

nt  Joseph,  Mo 

nt  Joseph,  N.D. 

nt  Jow'ph,  0 

nt  Joseph,  Wis 

nt  Lawrence,  Minn. 

nt  Lawrence,  8  D.... 

nt  Lawrence,  S.D.... 

nt  Lawrence,  Wis... 

nt  Lawrence  Island, 
Alaska 

nt  Leon,  Ind 

nt  Libory,  Nel> 

Saint  Louis,  Mich 

198 


Rank  of 
place. 


city 

post-prect 

po«t-town 

|KWt-vlll 

township 

village 

township 

poat-vill 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

twst-vill 

township 

township 

township 

hamlet 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

p<«t-prect 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

district 

hundred 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

IK)gt-vill 

district 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 
township 
post-town 
post-prect 

|K)8t-Vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

village 
post-town 
post-prect 
poet-vill 


Oouuty. 


8t«.  Geneviere. 

Mobile 

Fayetle. 

Hamilton 

St.  Louis 

St  Louis 

Clay 

Clay 

Greene 

Lee 

I'hUlliis 

Efflngliau 

Anoka 

Madison 

Wayne 

Ijiwrenc*- 

West  Feliciana 

Bntler 

Saint  Francois 


rottawatomie.. 

Knox 

Benton 

Washington.... 

Chittenden 

Tncker 

Tucker 

Saint  Mary's... 

New  Castle 

New  Ciistle 

Colleton 

ltof<common.... 

Columbia 

Nai>B 

Cedar  

Beaufort 

Polk 

Mackinac 

Mackinac 

Saint  Mary's... 

Madison 

Madison 

Watonwan 

Watonwan 

Mississippi 

I'heipe 

Phelps 

Clarendon 


Berkeley , 

Berkeley 

Montague 

Searcy  

Lake 

Harrison 

Stafford 

Stafford 

Kandiyohi 

Franklin 

New  Madrid. 

Dakota 

Hertford 

Tooele 


Berkeley 

Berkeley 

Apache 

Oneida 

Clinton 

Multnomah... 
Multnomah... 

Caledonia 

Caledonia 

Montgomery . 
Montgomery  . 
Champaign.... 
Champaign.... 

Allen 

Tensas 

Berrien 

Berrien.. 

Stearns 

Stearns 

Buchanan 

Pembina 

Williams 

St.  Croix 

.•^cott 

Hand 

Hand 

Waupaca 


Dearborn.. 
Howard.... 
Gratiot 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,422 

787 
82:1 


7,»2:i 
«17 
132 


816 
088 

7,014 
828 
270 
620 

1,422 
SM 
721 
275 

2,326 


7(52 
2,87.^ 

463 

1,384 

93 

86:1 

150 


5,073 
338 
279 


209 
1,339 

200 
6,644 


32 
934 
2,195 
1,779 
461 
282 
444 
924 
841 
392 
951 

10,606 
3,744 

342 

682 
1,513 
2,297 

678 
56 

167 
1,910 

467 


3,300 


9,586 

10,388 

640 


2,370 
2t)9 


6,800 
3,360 
2,002 
1,072 
1,4,54 

328 
1,521 

486 
3,650 
2,603 

571 

292 
32,431 


2,073 
642 
297 


2.54 

341 

1,976 


1,886 
370 
364 

2,677 

8,399 
769 
813 
350 

1,072 
798 

9,880 
897 
324 
620 

2,071 
432 
950 
3.34 

2,953 
93 
644 

2,491 
628 

1,377 
106 

1,167 
316 
33:j 

4,785 
323 
629 
8(i7 
220 

1,705 
189 

7,747 
193 
130 

2,704 

1,664 

1,648 
475 
473 
9.S9 

1,625 
898 
407 

1,423 

12,603 

2,894 

710 

738 

1,686 

3,792 

1,128 

865 

312 

1,773 

447 

670 

4,1S4 

162 

9,381 

12,244 

482 

321 

3,127 

679 

310 

6,507 

3,857 

2,081 

1,263 

1,59!) 

552 

1,540 

473 

4,826 

3,733 

662 

,6('3 

52,324 

1,131 

2,124 

774 

3.U 

497 

320 

1,004 

207 

308 

697 

2,246 


Name  of  place  and 
aUte. 


Saint  IjOuIs,  Mo 

Saint  Ixiuis,  Mont 

Saint  IjoulHPiirk,Miiin. 

Saint  Ix>uiBville,  U 

Sajnt  Marie,  III 

Saint  Marie,  III 

Saint  Marie,  Wis 

Saint  Mark,  S.C 

Saint  Mark's,  Fla 

Saint  Martin,  Minn 

Saint  Martin's,  Md 

Saint  Martinville,  La... 

Saint  Mary,  Minn 

Saint  Marv'H,  Col 

Saint  Mary'-,  G« 

Saint  Mary's,  Ga 

Saint  Mary's,  111 

Saint  Mary's,  Ind 

Saint  Mary's,  Iowa 

Saint  Mary's,  Kan 

Saint  Mary's,  Kan 

Saint  Mary'H,  Ky 

Saint  Mary's,  Mo 

Saint  Mary's,  Mo 

Saint  Mary's,  N.C 

Saint  Mary's,  0 

Saint  Mary's,  0 

Saint  Mary's,  Pa 

Saint  Mary's,  W.  Va 

Saint  Matthew's,  N.C... 
Saint  Matthew's,  S.C... 

Saint  Meinrad,  Ind 

Saint  Michael,  Alaska.. 

Saint  Michael,  Mo 

Saint  Michael's,  Md 

Saint  Michael's,  Md 

Saint  Nicholas  Fla 

Saint  Nicholas,  Pa 

Saint  Olaf,  Minn 

Saint  Paris,  0 

Saint  Paul,  Alaska 

Saint  Paul,  Ark , 

Saint  Paul,  Minn 

Saint  Paul,  Neb 

Saint  Paul,  Neb 

Saint  I'aul,  Ore 

Saint  Paul  Park,  Minn 

Saint  Paul's,  N.C 

Saint  Peter,  Md 

Saint  Peter,  Minn 

Saint  Peter,  Vii. 

Saint  Petersburg,  Fla... 
Saint  Petersl)urg,  Pa.... 

Saint  Philip,  S.C 

Saint  Regis  Falls,  N.Y. 

Saint  Rose,  111 

Saints,  Ala 

Saint  Sophie,  La 

Saint  Stephen,  S.C 

Saint  Stephen,  S.C 

Saint  Stephens,  Ala 

Saint  Stephens,  Neb 

Saint  Thomas,  Fla 

Saint  Thomas,  N.D 

Saint  Thomas,  N.D 

Saint  Thomas,  Pa 

Saint  Vincent,  Minn.... 
Saint  Weiidali,  Minn... 

Sakar,  Alaska 

Sakataloden,  Alaska.... 

Salocoa,  Ga 

Salado,  Ark 

Salamanca,  Kan 

Salamanca,  N.Y 

Salamanca,  N.Y 

Salamonia,  Ind 

Salanionie,  Ind. 

Sale  Creek,  Tenn 

Salem,  Ala 

Salem,  Ark 

Salem,  Ark 

Salem,  Conn 

Salem,  Ga 

Salem,  Ga 

Salem,  Ga 

Salem,  Ga 

Salem,  III 

Salem,  III 

Salem,  III 

Salem,  HI 

Salem,  111 

Salem,  Ind 

Salem,  Ind 

Salem,  Ind 

Salem,  Ind 

Salem,  Iowa...., 


Bank  of 
place. 


city 

poit-prect 

IK>st-vill 

t>ost-vlll 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

IKist-prect 

post-1  wp 

district 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

mil-dlst 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

niag.-dist 

townsliip 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

village 

township 

district 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

|)OSt-twp 

post-vill 

village 

post-town 

city 

precinct 

city 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-twp 

district 

city 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-boro' 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

village 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

jiost-twp 

township 

hamlet 

hamlet 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-tow  n 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

village 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil  -dist 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 


Coanty. 


St.  Lonii 

Jefferson 

Hennepin 

Licking 

Jasper 

Jas|ier 

Green  Lake 

Clarendon 

Wakulla 

Steiirns 

Worcester 

Saint  Martin... 

Waseca 

Huerfano 

Camden 

Camden 

Hancock 

Adams 

Mills 

Pottawatomie. 
Pottawatomie.. 

Marion 

Perry 

Ste.  Genevieve. 

Wake 

Auglaize 

Auglaize 

Klk 

Pleasants 

Wake 

Orangeburg.... 
Spencer 


Madison 

Talbot 

Talbot 

Duval 

Schnvlkill.. 
Otter  Tail... 
Champaign. 


Madison 

Ramsey 

Howard 

Howard 

Miirion _. 

Washington... 

Robeson 

Somerset 

Nicollet 

New  Kent 

Hillsborough.. 

Clarion 

Charleston 

Franklin 

Clinton 

Colbert 

Plaquemines  . 

Berkeley 

Berkeley 

Washington... 

Nuckolls 

Pasco , 

Pembina 

Pembina 

Franklin , 

Kittson 

Stearns 


Bartow 

Independence.. 

Cherokee , 

Cliattaraugus... 
Clialtaraugus... 

Jay 

Huntington 

Hamilton 

Lee 

Greene 

Sebastian 

New  London  ... 

Baldwin 

Lincoln 

Oconee 

Pulaski 

Carroll 

Ell  wards 

Knox 

Marion 

Marion 

Delaware 

Pulaski 

Steuben 

Washington 

Henry. 


Populutlun. 


1880.      1890, 


350,518 


215 
918 
243 
706 
709 


616 
1,382 
1,006 

767 


1,375 


1,542 

979 

271 

1,418 

884 

966 

1,493 

419 

2,944 

3,147 

1,74.' 

1,501 

3.50 

1,878 

271 


3,649 
3,791 
1,175 


658 
1,099 


41,473 
1,322 

482 


1,622 
1,424 
3,436 
1,408 


1,044 
1,183 


1,226 
1,6,51 


3,599 
79 


2,:558 
4S9 
510 


1,993 
3,408 
2,531 
133 
1,864 


2,035 

742 

168 

574 

1,906 

868 

610 

354 

850 

1,850 

1,794 

2,182 

1,327 

1,592 

936 

1,567 

1,015 

1,586 


461,770 

71 

4<I9 

204 

1.242 

318 

751 

749 

208 

6!t2 

1,466 

1,814 

699 

78 

1,139 

575 

1,561 

l,tK;6 

218 

2,103 

1,174 

i,m 

1,.508 

446 

2,680 

4,388 

3,000 

1,745 

520 

1,912 

624 

483 

101 

3,438 

4,V>5 

1,329 

3.50 

823 

681 

1,145 

244 

417 

133,166 

2,140 

],--'03 

4.^1 

1,173 

2,006 

1,363 

3,071 

1,424 

273 

655 

1,059 

1,210 

1,022 

1,294 

566 

4,200 

230 

387 

396 

458 

1,219 

477 

2,180 

507 

531 

21 

39 

167 

281 

992 

4,.572 

3,692 

150 

2,:i46 

486 

1,999 

1,111 

117 

481 

1,686 

643 

694 

1,285 

803 

1,811 

1,677 

2,2,50 

1,493 

1,583 

1,000 

1,596 

1,975 

1,470 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Salem,  Iowa..: 

Salem,  Kan 

Salem,  Kan 

Salem,  Kan 

Salem,  Ky 

Salem,  Ky 

SnIem.Ky 

Salem,  Me 

Salem,  Mass 

Salem,  Mich 

Salom,  Mich 

Salem,  tlinn 

Salem,  Mo 

Salem,  Mo 

Salem,  Mo 

Salem,  Mo 

Salem,  Mo 

Salem,  Neb 

Salem,  Neb . 

Salem,  Neb 

Salem,  N.H 

Salem,  N.J 

Salem,  N.Y 

Salem,  N.C 

Salem,  N.C 

Salem,  0 

Salem,  0 

Salem,  0 

Salem,  0 

Salem,  0 

Salem,  0 

Salem,  0 , 

Salem,  0 

Salem,  0 , 

Salem,  0 

Salem,  0 

Salem,  0 

Salem,  0 

Salem,  0 

Salem,  0 

Salem,  Ore 

Salem,  Pa , 

Salem,  Pa , 

Salem,  Pa 

Salem,  Pa , 

Salem,  Pa 

Salem,  Pa , 

Salem,  S.D 

Salem,  S.D 

Salem,  Utah 

.jBalem,  Utah , 

^Salem,  Va 

I'fialem,  Va 

Salem,  Va , 

Salem,  W.Va 

Salem,  Wis 

Salem,  Wis , 

Salem  Chapel,  N.C, 

Saivesville,  Munt.. 

Salesville,  0 , 

Salida,  Col , 

Saliiia,  Col , 

Salina,  III 

Salina,  Kan 

Salina,  N.Y 

Salina,  Utah 

Salinas,  Cal 

Salinas,  Cal 

Saline,  Ark 

Saline,  Ark , 

Saline,  Ark 

Saline,  Ark 

Saline,  Ark , 

Saline,  Ark 

Saline,  Ark 

Saline,  Ark 

Saline,  III 

Saline,  III 

Saline,  Kan 

Saline,  Kan 

Saline,  Mich 

Saline,  Mich 

Saline,  Miss 

Saline,  Mo 

Saline,  Mo 

Saline,  Mo 

Saline,  Mo 

Saline,  Mo 

Saline,  0 

Saline,  Tenn 

Saline  Mines,  111.... 

Salineville,  0 

Baling,  Mo , 

Salisbury,  Conn.... 

Salisbury,  111 

Salisbury,  Md 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-Till 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

mag  -dist 

post-town 

city 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

city 

post-town 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

town^thip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

borough 

township 

city 

precinct 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post  twp 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-twp 

city 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

tt)Wnship 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

beat 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

civil-dist 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

district 


County. 


Henry 

Allen 

Greenwood 

Sedgwick 

Livingston 

Morgan 

Union 

franklin 

Kssex 

Allegan 

Washtenaw 

Olmsted 

Daviess 

Dent 

Dunklin 

Lewis 

Perry 

Franklin 

Richardson 

Richardson 

Rockingham.... 

Salem 

Washington 

Forsyth 

Pasquotank 

Auglaize 

Champaign 

Columbiana 

Columbiana 

Highland 

Jefferson 

Meigs 

Monroe 

Muskingum 

Ottawa 

Shelby 

Tuscarawas 

Warren 

Washington 

Wyandot 

Mai  ion 

Clarion 

Luzerne 

Mercer 

Wayne 

Westmoreland- 
Westmoreland.. 

McCook 

McCook 

Utah 

Utah 

Culpeper 

Roanoke 

Roanoke 

Harrison 

Kenosha 

Pierce 

Forsyth 

Gallatin 

Guernsey 

Chaffee 

Boulder 

Kankakee 

Saline 

Onondaga 

Sevier 

Monterey 

San  Luis  Obispo 

Cleburne 

Cleveland 

Drew 

Hempstead 

Hot  Spring 

Howard 

Saline 

Sevier 

Madiscm 

Williamson 

B;ili8 

Sheridan 

Washtenaw 

Washtenaw 

Greene , 

Cooper 

Miller 

Perry 

Halls 

Ste.  Genevieve.. 

Jefferson 

Stewart 

Gallatin 

Columbiana 

Audrain 

Litchfield 

Sangamon 

Wicomico 


Population. 


524 
678 
621 
584 

1,616 
471 

1,282 

273 

27,50a 

1,574 

1,192 
990 
982 

1,624 
756 

1,197 

1,087 


1,0:56 

473 
1,809 
6,056 
3,498 
1,340 
1,880 
1,160 
2,108 
5,142 
4,041 
1,144 
1,907 
1,668 
2,377 

874 
2,683 
1,576 
2,457 
2,052 
1,638 
1,547 
1,088 
1,496 
1,448 

59: 
1,635 
1,851 

440 


610 


2,690 
6,099 
1,759 

248 
1,286 

478 
1,226 


266 


945 
.3,111 

2,888 

438 

1,854 

1,209 


397 
934 

1,731 
264 
688 

2,417 


1,302 

1,458 

436 


1,927 

858 

476 

l,6;iO 

2,404 

1,331 

1,682 

1,493 

1,480 

1,060 

594 

2,3(12 

1,597 

3,715 

689 

1,486 


651 

825 
1,010 

745 
1,463 

764 
1,221 

218 

30,801 

1,584 

1,182 

765 
1,133 
1,315 
1,473 
1,173 
1,246 

696 
1,171 

604 
1,805 
5,516 
3,127 
2,711 
1,674 
1,1.36 
1,875 
6,477 
5,780 
1,068 
1,621 
1,551 
1,975 

872 
3,a54 
1,660 
1,838 
1,724 
1,671 
1,291 
1,885 
lil47 
1,303 

640 
1,416 
2,396 

311 
,791 

429 

627 

627 
2,670 
6,710 
3,279 

310 
1,493 

845 
1,287 

329 

296 
2,586 

206 

953 
6,149 
3,490 

628 
2,339 
1,728 

347 

390 
1,493 
1,969 

632 

770 
2,430 
1,0(;3 
1,142 
1,900 

406 

413 

i.a-io 

706 

580 
1,489 
3,132 
1,479 
1,728 
1,399 
1,773 
1,.329 

658 
2,369 
1,741 
3,420 

566 
1,683 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Salisbury,  Md 

Salislmry,  Mass 

Salisbury,  Mo 

Salisbury,  Mo 

Salisbury,  N.H 

Salisbury,  N.Y 

Salisbury,  N.C 

Salisbury,  N.C 

Salisbury,  0 

Salisbury,  Pa 

Salisbury,  Pa 

Salisbury,  Pa 

Salisbury,  Vt 

Salkum,  Wash 

Sallacoa,  Ga 

Salladasburg,  Pa 

Sallis,  Miss 

Sallys,  S.C 

Salmon  Bay,  Alas 

Salmon  City,  Idaho 

Salmon  Creek,  Wash. .. 

Salmon  Falls,  Cal 

Salmon  Falls,  Idaho.... 

Saloma,  Ky 

Salt  Creek,  III 

Salt  Creek,  Ind 

Salt  Creek,  Ind 

Salt  Creek,  Ind 

Salt  Creek,  Ind 

Salt  Creek,  Iowa 

Salt  Creek,  Iowa 

Salt  Creek,  Kan 

Salt  Creek,  Kan 

Salt  Creek,  Kan 

Salt  Creek,  Kan 

Salt  Creek,  Mo 

Salt  Creek,  Neb 

Salt  Creek,  0 

Salt  Creek,  O 

.Salt  Creek,  0 , 

Salt  Creek,  0 

Salt  Creek,  0 , 

Salt  Fork.  Mo , 

Saltillo,  Ky , 

Saltillo,  Neb , 

Saltillo,  Pa 

Saltillo,  Tenn 

Salt  I.*ke,  Ore 

Salt  LakeCity,  Utah.... 

Salt  Lick,  Ky 

Salt  Lick,  0 

Salt  Lick,  Pa 

Salt  Lick,  W.  Va 

Salt  Point,  Cal 

Salt  Pond,  JIo 

Salt  River,  Mo 

Salt  River,  Mo 

Salt  River,  Mo 

Salt  River,  Mo 

Salt  River,  Mo 

Salt  River,  Mo 

Salt  River,  Mo 

Salt  River,  Mo 

Salt  Rock,  O 

Saltsburg,  Pa 

Salt  Springs,  Ga.. 

Salt  Springs,  Kan 

Salt  Springs,  Mo 

Saltville,Va 

Salt  Works,  Ala 

Salt  Works,  Col 

Salt  Works,  La 

Saltzman,  Ore 

Salubria,  Idaho 

Saluda,  Ind 

Saluda,  S.C 

Saluda,  S.C 

Saluda,  Va. 

Salvisa,  Ky 

Salyersville,  Ky 

Salyersville,  Ky 

Samaria,  Idaho 

Sammy  Swamp,  S.C 

Sampit,  S.C 

Sampsell,  Mo 

Samuel,  Ga 

Samuel  Miller,  Va 

Samuel  Moor,  Ky 

Samuels  Depot,  Ky 

San  Acacia,  N.M 

San  Andreas,  Cal 

San  Andrea^.Cal 

San  Angelo,  Tex 

San  Antonio,  Cal 

San  Antonio,  Cal 

San  Antonio,  Cal 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

post  town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

post  twp 

township 

borough 

[xist-town 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-boro' 

post-town 

township 

hamlet 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-twp 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post  prect 

|M)8t-lioro' 

(•ost  town 

precinct 

city 

post  vill 

township 

township 

mag.  dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

village 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

township 

mag -dist 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

liost-vill 

post-  prect 

township 

post-twp 

township 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

|)08t-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Wicomico... 

Kssex 

Chariton 

Chariton 

Merrimack., 
Herkimer... 

Rowan 

Uowan 

Meigs 

Lancaster... 

Lehigh 

Somerset 

Addison 

Lewis 

Cherokee.... 
Lycoming.., 

Attala 

Aiken 


Lemhi 

Lewis 

El  Dorado.... 

Cassia 

Taylor 

Mason 

Decatur 

Franklin 

Jackson 

Monroe 

Davis 

Tama 

Chatauqua.... 

Lincoln 

Mitchell 

Reno 

Chariton 

Cass 

Hocking , 

Holmes 

Muskingum,. 

Pickaway 

Wayne 

Saline 

Oldham 

Lancaster 

Huntingdon.. 

Hardin 

Polk 

Salt  Lake , 

Bath 

Perry , 

Fayette , 

Braxton 

Sonoma 

Siiline 

Adair 

Audrain 

Knox 

Pike 

Ralls 

Randolph 

Schuyler 

Shelby 

Marion 

Indiana 

Douglas 

Greenwood 

Randolph 

Washington... 

Clarke 

Park 

Plaquemines.. 

Oook 

Washington... 

Jefferaon 

Greenville 

Lexington 

Middlesex 

Mercer 

Magofiin 

Magoffin 

Oneida. 

Clardendon.... 
Georgetown... 

Livingston 

Lincoln 

Albemarle 

Mariiu 

Nelson 

Socorro 

Calaveras 

Calaveras 

Turn  Green 

Los  Angeles.,. 

Mnrin 

Monterey 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


2,581 

4,079 

3,809 

908 

795 

1, 

4,085 

2,723 

10,992 

3,873 

3,078 

621 

776 


566 
312 
132 


492 


2,000 

978 

1,565 

1,239 

2,316 

784 

1,258 

1,222 

753 

429 

514 

478 

901 

053 

1,486 

1,494 

1,131 

1,858 

1,775 

2,526 

1,145 

865 

227 

263 

356 

20,768 


3,970 

1,371 

1,556 

875 

2,526 

1,377 

7,773 

1,421 

489 

1,681 

861 

1,111 

2,866 

551 

855 

892 

1,293 

3,218 

3,120 

1,451 


167 


1,649 
1,938 
1,475 
2,104 
1,779 
1,096 


1,029 
1,325 
1,264 

604 
6,086 

621 
1,027 


1,679 
623 


19a 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP  1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Kama  of  plM«  and 
•Ute. 


San  Antonio,  KU 

8«n  Antonio,  N.M 

San  Antonio,  N.M 

San  Antonio, N.M 

San  Antonio,  Tex 

San  AugnsiJn,  N.M 

San  Augustine,  Tex 

San  H«<nito,  (at 

Sail  Bt-rnHnlino,  Cal 

San  lioriianlino,  ChI 

Saii)><>ni,  Col 

Sanborn,  Iowa 

SaiilK>rn,  Dlicli 

SanlMirn,  N.l> 

SanlHiriiton,  N.ll 

San  I<ueimventiira,Cal. 

Sand  IJanli,  N.Y 

Sand  ItfHcli,  Mich 

Sand  Itt-acli,  Mich 

Sandcouloe,  Mont 

Sand  Creek,  ic  ,  Col 

Band  Creek,  Ind 

Sand  Creek,  Ind 

Sand  Creek,  Ind 

Sand  Creek,  Iowa 

Sand  Creek,  Kan 

Sand  Creek,  Kan 

Sand  Creek,  Minn 

Sand  Creek,  Nel) 

Sand  Creek,  Neb 

Sand  Creek,  S.D 

Sand  Creek,  Wis 

San  de  Fiicft,  Wash 

Sanders,  Ala 

(Sanders  <Sc  Jordan,  Ky.. 

Sanders,  Ky 

Sanders,  Minn 

Sanderson,  Fla 

Sandersvijle,  Ga 

Sandersville,  Ga 

Sandersville,  Ky 

Sandgnte,  Vt 

Sand  Hill,  Mo 

Sand  Hill,  N.C 

Sand  Hill,  W.  Va 

Sand  Hills,  N.C 

Sandia,  N.M 

San  Diego,  Cal 

San  Diego,  Tex 

Sandie  Point,  Ala 

Sandisfield,  Mass 

Sand  Lake,  Mich 

Sand  Lake,  N.Y 

Snnd  Lick,  Va 

Sandoval,  111 

Sandown,  N.H 

Sand  Pmirie,  111 

Sand  Ridge,  111 

Sand  Spring,  Ala 

Sand  Spring,  Ark 

Sand  .Springs,  Ky 

Sandstone,  Mich 

Sandstone,  Minn 

Sandsuck,  Kv 

Sandsville,  Minn 

Sandtown,  Ga 

SandHHky,  III 

Sandusk}-,  0 

SauduHky,  0 

Sandnsky,  0 

Sandusky,  O 

Sandwich,  III 

Sandwich,  Mass 

Sandwich,  N.H 

8andy,0 

Sandy,  0 

Sandy,  Ore 

Sandy,  Pa 

Sandy,  Utah 

Sandy  Creek,  Fbi 

Sandy  Creek,  Fla 

Sandy  Creek,  Ga 

Sandy  Creek,  N.Y 

Sandy  Creek,  N.Y 

Sandy  Creek,  N.C 

Sandy  Creek,  N.C 

Sandy  Creek,  N.C 

Sandy  Creek,  Pa 

Sandy  Creek,  Pa 

Sandy  Grove,  S.C 

Sandv  Hill,  N.Y 

Sandy  Hook,  Md 

Sandy  Lake,  Pa 

Sandy  Lake,  Pa 

Sandy  Mu-,h,  N.C 

Bandy  Mush,  N.C 

200 


Banker 
|)lac«. 


poat-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

[lost  prect 

city 

precinct 

post-towD 

post  twp 

precinct 

city 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

town 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post  prect 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

preci  net 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

ntil.-dist 

city 

niag.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

niag.-dist 

township 

village 

city 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

I)08t-prect 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mng.-dist 

township 

mil.-dist 

l)ost-prect 

township 

city 

township 

township 

city 

post-town 

|)ost-town 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-Till 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

district 

township 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

township 


County. 


Pasco 

Bernalillo 

Mora 

Socorro _.. 

Bexar. 

Donna  Ana 

San  Angustine, 

Stin  Benito 

San  Bernardino 
San  Bernardino 

Lincoln 

O'Brien 

Alpena 

Biirnes 

Belknap 

Ventura. 

Oswego 

Huron 

Huron 

Cascade 

Arapahoe 

Bartholomew... 

Decatur 

.lennings 

Union 

Meade 

Norton 

Scott 

Cherry 

Holt 

Beadle 

Dunn 

Island 

Jackson 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Polk 

Baker 

Washinuton.... 
Washington.... 

Fayette 

Bennington.... 

Scotland 

Lenoir 

Marshall 

Moore 

Bernalillo 

San  Diego 

Duval 

Barbour 

Berkshire 

Kent 

Rensselaer 

Dickenson 

Marion 

Rockingham... 

Tazewell 

Jackson 

Limestone 

Pope 

Grayson 

Jackson 

Pine 

Pendleton....... 

Polk 

Campbell 

Alexander 

Crawford 

Erie 

Richland 

Sandusky , 

De  Kalb 

Barnstable. 

Carroll 

Stark 

Tiifcarawas 

Multnomah 

Clearfield 

Salt  Lake 

Holmes 

Walton 

Clarke 

Oswego , 

Oswego 

Franklin , 

Vance 

Warren , 

Mercer 

Venango 

Clarendon 

Washington 

Washington..... 

Mercer , 

Mercer 

Buncombe 

Madison 


Population. 


20,5S0 


603 
072 


1,673 
""364 


1,102 
1,.S70 

763 
1,615 

634 


1,601 

2,1G1 

967 

611 


1,168 


667 
1,25!) 


908 
2,199 
1,270 
2,5(J9 

681 
1,066 

693 
1,197 

837 


2,6.37 
1,572 


1,107 

581 

2,550 


564 

600 

1,020 


1,077 
1,672 


1,5.36 


1,091 

439 

658 

15,838 

723 

1,785 

2,3.i2 

3,543 

1,701 

1,265 

l,8(i4 

320 

3,840 

488 


299 
690 

2,878 
961 

2,054 


3,489 

745 

804 

402 

2,487 

1,.586 

1,097 

730 

1,1 7.^ 

614 


730 

630 

460 

37,673 

92 

744 

1,129 

4,012 

4,01-.' 

29 

1,076 

204 

227 

1,027 

2,320 

551 

2,288 

1,046 

873 

2,182 

1,324 

2,499 

1,039 

621 

217 

316 

1,045 

672 

406 

139 

620 

249 

287 

1,269 

277 

383 

952 

2,724 

1,760 

2,941 

587 

1,286 

711 

1,272 

1,526 

140 

16,159 

1,877 

892 

807 

386 

2,555 

1,140 

834 

475 

1,0:J6 

758 

1,237 

217 

1,069 

1,511 

517 

1,414 

127 

904 

747 

615 

18,471 

613 

1,829 

2,510 

1,819 

1,303 

1,171 

2,144 

687 

2,152 

1,065 

829 

321 

1,000 

2,279 

723 

2,051 

1,799 

1,414 

674 

779 

618 

2,895 

1,602 

1,118 

721 

1,259 

788 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Sandy  Ridge,  Ala 

Sandy  Ridge,  Ga 

Sandy  Ridge,  N.O 

Sandy  River,  W.  Va.... 

Sandy  Run,  N.O 

Sandy  Run,  }'a 

Sandy  Run,  S.C 

Sandyston,  N  J 

Sandywood,  Mo 

Sanel.  Cal 

San  Kllxario,  Tex 

San  Fernando,  Cal 

San  Felipe,  N.M 

San  Felipe,  Tex 

Sanford,  (5ol 

Sanford,  Fla 

Siinford,  Ga 

Sanford,  Me 

Sanford,  Minn 

Sanford,  N.Y 

Sanford,  N.C 

Sanford,  N.C 

San  Francisco,  Cal 

San  Francisco,  Minn.... 

San  Francisco,  N.M 

San  Gabriel,  Cal 

San  Gabriel.  Cal 

Sangamon,  III 

Sanger,  Cal 

Sanger,  Ore 

Sangerfield,  N.Y 

San  Goronimo,  N.M 

Sangerville,  Me 

Sang  Run,  Md 

San  Ignacio,  N.M 

Sanilac,  Mich 

Sanilac  Centre,  Mich... 

San  lidefonso,  N.M 

San  lidefonso,  N.M 

San  Jacinto,  Cal 

San  Jacinto,  Cal 

San  Joaquin,  Cal 

San  Jos6,  Cal 

San  Jose,  Cal 

San  Jos6,  Cal 

San  Jo86,  Cal 

San  Jos6,  111 

San  Jose,  N.M 

San  Jose,  N.M 

San  Jose,  N.M 

San  Jose,  N.M 

San  Juan,  Cal 

San  Juan,  Cal 

San  Juan,  Cal 

San  Juan,  N.M 

San  Juan,  N.M 

San  Juan  Island,  Wash. 

San  Lorenzo,  Cal 

San  Lorenzo,  N.M 

San  Lorenzo,  N.M 

San  Luis  Obispo,  Cal.... 
San  Luis  Obispo,  Cal.... 

San  Luis  Rey,  Cal 

San  Marcos,  Cal 

Sun  Marcos,  Tex 

San  Mateo,  N.M 

San  Miguel,  Cal 

San  Miguel,  Cal 

San  Miguel,  (Jol 

San  Miguel,  Col 

San  Miguel,  N.M 

San  Miguel,  N.M 

Sannak,  Alaska 

Sanner,  S  D 

Sannes,  Minn 

San  Pablo,  Cal 

San  Pasqual,  Cal 

San  Patricio,  La 

San  Patricio,  N.M 

San  Patricio,  Tex 

San  Pedro,  Cal 

San  Pedro,  N.M 

San  Pedro,  N.M 

San  Pedro,  Ac,  N.M 

San  Rafael,  Cal i 

San  Rafael,  Cal 

San  Rafael,  Col 

San  Rafael,  N.M 

San  Saba,  Tex 

San  Salvador,  Cal 

San  Simeon,  Cal 

Santa  Ana,  Cal 

Santa  Ana,  Cal 

Santa  Ana,  N.M 

Santa  Anna,  111 

Santa  Anna,  Tex 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-prect 

mil.-dist 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post' twp 

townsliip 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

village 

post-town 

post-prect 

city 

mil.-dist 

po8t»town 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-Till 

city 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 

district 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

village 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

jiost-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

village 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

city 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-prect 

townsliip 

[lost-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-prect 

village 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

post- ward 

precinct 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

|)o»t-town 

precinct 

township 

iwst-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-town 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

village 

township 

post-town 


County. 


Lowndes 

Henry 

Union..„ 

McDowell...... 

Cleveland 

Luzerne^ 

Lexington 

Snsitex.... 

Scott 

Mendocino 

Kl  Paso 

Los  Angeles... 

Bernalillo 

Austin 

Conejoe„ 

Orange 

Dawson 

York 

Grant 

Broome 

Moore 

Moore. 

San  Francisco.. 

Carver 

Socorro 

Los  Angeles 

Los  Angeles 

Piatt 

Fresno 

Union 

Oneida 

San  Miguel 

Piscataquis 

Garrett 

Bernalillo 

Sanilac 

Sanilac 

Santa  Fe 

Santa  F6 

San  Diego 

San  Diego 

Sacramento 

Los  Angeles 

San  Luis  Obispo 

Santa  Clara 

Santa  Clara 

Mason 

Mora 

San  Miguel 

Sierra 

Valencia 

San  Benito 

San  Benito 

Orange 

Grant 

Rio  Arriba ...... 

San  Juan 

Santa  Cruz 

Grant 

San  Miguel 

San  Luis  Obispo 
San  Luis  Obispo 

San  Diego 

San  Diego 

Hays 

Vaifuda 

San  Luis  Obispo 
San  Luis  Obispo 
Las  Animas. 
San  Miguel.. 
Donna  Ana . 
Sun  Miguel.. 


Potter 

Yellow  Med 

Contra  Costa.... 

San  Diego 

Sabine 

Lincoln 

San  Patricio 

Los  Angeles 

Bernalillo 

Santa  Fe 

Socorro 

Marin 

Marin 

Conejos 

Valiencla 

San  Saba 

San  Bernardino 
San  Luis  Obispo 

Orange 

Orange 

Bernalillo 

De  Witt 

Coleman 


Population. 


1880.      1800. 


2,330 
738 
2,519 
1,040 
1,612 


1,801 
1,196 

879 

746 

910 

1,306 


166 


623 
2,734 


3,405 


236 
233,959 
736 


1,517 


1,6(>8 


3,171 


1,047 
794 


2,457 


1,236 

1,170 

872 

18,103 

12,567 

285 


906 
484 


3,764 
2,243 


1,232 


1,091 
""238 


6,202 
2,276 


1,860 

3,024 

711 


2,146 


2,317 
1,008 
2,600 
1,8:i4 
2,063 
696 
1,610 
1,084 
1,112 
?8.50 
1,397 
1,110 

urA 
177 
803 

2,(i16 
519 

4,201 
384 

8,206 

1,355 

307 

298,997 

C67 

105 

1,713 
737 

l,(i()6 
428 
93 

3,017 
749 

1,236 
871 
223 

1,889 
403 
394 
148 

1,192 
661 

1,383 

5,010 

810 

26,508 

18,000 
307 
305 
483 
250 
192 

1,112 
403 
801 
432 
406 
992 

2,697 
334 
300 

3,3.i9 

2,995 
434 
369 

2  335 
303 

1,063 
458 
207 
143 
294 
475 
132 
61 
801 
307 
327 
935 
323 
315 

1,240 
113 
796 
108 

7,008 

3,290 
791 
449 
679 
228 
931 

4,220 

3,628 
2.'>3 

2,181 
468 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETUKNS  OF   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Santa  Barbara,  Cal 

Santa  Clara,  Cal 

Santa  Clara,  Cal 

Santa  Clara,  Col 

Panta  Clara,  N.M 

Santa  Clara,  NY 

Santa  Clara,  Utah 

Siinta  Cruz,  Cal 

Santa  Cruz,  Cal 

Santa  Cruz,  N.M 

Santa  Fe,Ga 

Santa  Fe,  111 

Santa  Fe,  111 

Santa  Fe,  Kan 

Santa  Fe,  N.M 

Santa  Fe,  Tenn 

Santa  Maria,  Cal 

Santa  Monica,  Cal 

Santa  Monica,  Cal 

Santa  Paula,  Cat 

Santaquin,  Utah 

Santa  Kita,  N.M 

Santa  Kita,  N.M 

Santa  liosa,  Cal 

Santa  Kosa,  Cal 

Santa  Kosa,  N.M 

Santa  Ynoz,  Cal 

Santee,  S.C 

Santee,  S.C 

Santee  Agency,  Neb.... 

Santiago,  Alinn 

Santiani,  Ore 

San  TiBioteo,  Cal 

Santo  Domingo,  N.M.... 

Santuck,  Ala 

Sautuck,  S.C 

Sapello,  N.M 

Bapinero,  Col 

Saphony,  Va 

Sappa,  Neb 

Saralisville,  0 

Saranac,  Mich 

Saranac,  N.Y 

Saranac  Lake,  N.Y 

Sarasota,  Fla 

Saratoga,  Ark 

Saratoga,  Ark 

Saratoga,  Cal 

Saratoga,  III 

Saratoga,  III 

Saratoga,  Iowa 

Saratoga,  Kan 

Saratoga,  Minn... 

Saratoga,  Neb 

Saratoga,  N.Y 

Saratoga,  N.C 

Saratoga,  N.C 

Saratoga,  N.D 

Saratoga,  Wis 

Saratoga,  Wyo 

Saratoga  Springs,  N.Y.. 
Saratoga  Springs,  N.Y.. 

Sarcoxie,  Kan , 

Sarcoxie,  Mo 

Sarcoxie,  Mo , 

Sardinia,  N.Y 

Sardis,  Ky , 

Sardis,  Ky , 

Sardis,  Miss , 

Sardis,  \V.  Va 

Sargeant,  Minn , 

Sargent,  III 

Sargent,  Neb 

Sargent,  N.D 

Sargent,  Pa 

Sargents,  Col 

Sarnia,  N.D 

Saro,  S.D 

Sartain,  Ky 

Sartain,  Ky 

Bartoria,  Nel> 

Sassafras,  51d 

Sassafras  Fork,  N.C 

Sassafras  Kidge,  Ky 

Satlcoy,  Cal 

Satici.y,  Cal 

Satilla,  Ga 

Salilla,  Ga 

Satterland,  N.D , 

Saugatuck.  Mich...., 
Saugatuck,  Mich...., 

Saugerties,  N.Y 

Saugerties,  N.Y , 

Sangns,  Mass 

Sauk  Centre,  Minn.. 
Sauk  Centre,  Minn.. 

14 


Bank  of 
place. 


city 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

village 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

city 

post-prect 

niil.-dist 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

city 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

post-Till 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

city 

ixjst-prect 

post-town 

township 

township 

|)ost-prect 

post-twp 

]Kigt-prect 

precinct 

village 

precinct 

lK)St-twp 

post-prect 

post-prect 

niag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-vill 

jiost-vill 

post-low  n 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

po8t-lwp 

post-prect 

township 

township 

inag.-<list 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

IKjst-vill 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dlst 

township 

townstiip 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

city 


County. 


Santa  Barbara.. 

Santa  Clara 

Santa  Clara 

Huerfano 

Santa  Fg 

Franklin 

Washington 

Santa  Cruz 

Santa  Cruz 

Siinta  Fe 

Jackson.. 

.Alexander 

Clinton 

Haskell 

Santa  Fe 

Manry 

San  Diego 

Los  Angeles..... 

Los  Angeles 

Ventura 

Utah 

Grant 

Socorro 

Sonoma 

Sonoma 

Guadaloupe 

Santa  Barbara.. 

Clarendon 

Georgetown 

Knox 

Sherburne. 

Linn 

San  Bernardino 
Bernalillo..., 

Elmore 

Union 

San  Miguel.. 

Gunnison 

Dinwiddle.... 

Harlan 

Noble 

Ionia 

Clinton 

Franklin 

Manatu , 

Howard 

Howard 

Santa  Clara  , 

Grundy 

Marshall 

Howard 

Pratt 

Winona 

Holt 

Saratoga 

Wilson 

Wilson 

La  Moure 

Wood 

Carbon 

.Saratoga 

Saratoga 

Jefferson 

Jasper 

Jasper 

Erie 

Mason 

Mason 

Panola , 

Harrison 

Mower 

Douglas 

Custer 

Sargent 

McKean , 

Saguache 

Nelson , 

Brown 

Barren 

Metcalfe ...., 

Buffalo 

Kent 

Granville 

Fulton , 

Ventura 

Ventura 

Camden , 

Ch»rlton..„.. 

McLean 

Allegan , 

Allegan 

Ulster 

Ulster 

Essex 

Stearns 

Stearns 


Population. 


3,400 
4,78.i 
2,416 


1!)4 
'3,898 


710 
316 
62C 


6,635 
166 


417 
188 
715 


6,761 
3,616 


1,751 
2,732 


243 

687 


701 
2,676 


2,466 
295 
249 
877 

4,.5o2 
191 


1,13; 

1,020 

567 


4,539 

1,434 

81 


316 


10,820 
8,421 

716 
1,545 

311 
1,767 
1,074 

224 

986 
1,930 

524 
1,162 


1,219 
1,808 


200 
1,9.>'3 

392 
1,680 


1,115 


2,220 

794 

10,375 

3,923 

2,625 
398 

1,201 


6,864 

6,577 

2,891 

320 

225 

1,690 

202 

736 

6,.'>96 

640 

764 

279 

494 

166 

6,185 

2t)9 

.394 

2,.32T 

1,580 

1,047 

769 

133 

300 

8,620 

5,220 

217 

211 

2,097 

2,737 

6;i4 

446 

911 

330 

671 

845 

2,743 

404 

63 

2,285 

417 

306 

790 

3,490 

768 

.392 

1,032 

211 

1,3.30 

971 

779 

478 

234 

724 

450 

3,855 

1,48.3 

102 

42 

320 

274 

13,171 

11,975 

617 

2,.5:^2 

1,172 

1,728 

1,IH5 

2.55 

1,044 

2,323 

473 

1,319 

1,3&0 

224 

948 

165 

119 

399 

1,286 

1,7,59 

421 

210 

1,776 

468 

3,371 

218 

911 

650 

80 

2,2.3:i 

799 

10,436 

4,237 

3,673 

617 

1,695 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Sauk  City,  Wis 

Sauk  Ritpids,  Minn. 
Sauk  Kapids,  Minn. 

Saukville,  Wis 

Saulsbury,  Teiiu 

Saulston,  N.C 

Sault  Ste.  Marie,  Mich.. 
Sault  Ste.  Marie,  Mich 

Saunder,  Ga 

Saunders,  Ky 

Sauncmin,  III 

Saunemin,  III 

Sauquoit,  N.Y 

Sauratown,  N.C , 

Sausalito,  Cal 

Sausalito,  Cal 

Saussy,  Ga 

Sauvies  Island,  Ore 

Savage,  Md 

Savanna,  III , 

Savanna,  III 

Savannah,  Ga , 

Savannah,  Ga , 

Savannah,  Mo 

Savannah,  Neb 

Savannah,  N.Y 

Savannah,  N.Y 

Savannah,  N.C 

Savannah,  0 

Savannah,  S  C 

Savannah,  Tenn 

Saverton,  Mo 

Saville,  Ala 

Saville,  Pa 

Savoiia,  N.Y 

Savoy,  Mass 

Savoy,  Tex 

Sawdust,  Ga 

Saw  Log,  Kan 

Saw  Tooth,  Idaho 

Sawyer,  Neb 

Sawyer,  Neb 

Saxoville,  Wis 

Saxon,  Ala 

Saxonburg,  Pa 

Saxton,  Pa 

Sayljrook,  Conn 

Saybrook,  III 

Sa.vbrook,  0 

Saylor.  Iowa 

Sayreville,  N.J 

Scaffold  Cane,  Ky , 

Scagg's  Creek,  Ky 

Scales  Mound,  III 

Scambler,  Minn 

Scanimonville,  Kan 

Scandia,  Kan , 

Scandia,  Kan 

Scandinavia,  Neb 

Scandinavia,  S  D 

Scandinavia,  Wis 

Scappoose,  Ore 

Scarborough,  Me 

Scarsdale,  N.Y 

Scates  Mill,  Ky 

Schaghticoke,  N.Y 

Scbaghticoke,  N.Y 

Schaller,  Iowa 

Schaumberg,  111 

Schell  City,  Mo 

Schellsburg,  Pa 

Schenectady,  N.Y 

Schenevus,  N.Y 

Schlagle,  Neb 

Schleisingerville,  Wis.., 

Schleswig,  Wis 

Schneider,  Neb 

Schochoh,  Ky 

Schodack,  N.Y 

Schoharie,  N.Y 

Schoharie,  N.Y 

Schoolcraft,  Mich 

Schoolcraft,  Mich 

Schoolcraft,  Mich 

Schoolci-aft,  Neb 

School  Creek,  Neb 

Schroeppel,  N.Y 

Schroon,  N.Y 

Schnlenburg,  Tex 

Schultz,  S.C 

Schuyler,  Col 

S'  huyler.  Neb 

Schuyler,  Neb 

Schnvler,  N.Y 

Schuyler's  Falls,  N.Y... 
Scbujlersville,  N.Y 


Rank  of 
place. 


|K)8t-Vill 

township 

post-vill 

I)ost-t\vp 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

city 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

lX)8t-Vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

city 

city 

mil.-dist 

lx)st-l(jwn 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

pnst-twp 

precinct 

post-boro' 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-tlist 

mag  -dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

iwst-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

city 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

city 

township 

post-town 

poet-Till 


County. 


Sauk 

Benton 

Benton 

Ozaukee 

Hardeman... 

Wayne 

Chippewa.... 
Chippewa .... 

Jones 

Barren 

Livingston... 
Livingston... 

Oneida 

Stokes , 

Marin 

Marin , 

Clinch , 

Itlultnomah.., 

Howard 

Carroll , 

Carroll™ 

Chatham , 

Dawson 

Andrew 

Butler 

Wayne 

Wayne , 

.lackson 

Ashland 

Anderson , 

Hardin 

Ralls 

Crenshaw ...., 

Perry , 

Steuben 

Berkshire 

Fannin 

Tatnall 

Hodgeman... 

Alturas 

Loup , 

Perkins 

Waushara 

Randolph 

Butler 

Bedford 

Middlesex 

McLean 

Ashtabula 

Polk 

Middlesex.... 
Rock  Castle.. 
Rock  Castle.. 
Jo  Daviess.... 

Otter  Tail 

Cherokee 

Republic 

Republic 

Harlan 

Deuel 

Waupaca 

Columbia 

Cumberland.. 
Westchester.. 

Christian 

Rensselaer.... 
Rensselaer.... 

Sac 

Cook 

Vernon 

Bedford 

Schnectady... 

Otsego 

Cherry 

Washington.^ 
Manitowoc..., 

Buffalo 

Logan 

Rensselaer.... 

Schoharie 

Schoharie 

Houghton 

Kalamazoo.,.. 
Kalamazoo.... 

Madison 

Clay 

Oswego 

Essex 

Fayette 

Aiken 

Arrapahoe. ... 

Colfax 

Colfax 

Herkimer 

Clinton 

Saratoga 


Population. 


1880.     1890. 


817 

698 

698 

1,941 

95 

1,511 

2,28G 

1,947 

614 

1,665 

1,268 


1,816 

1,372 

476 


162 
164 

1,275 

1,000 

30,709 

412 

1,206 

401 

1,867 

418 

604 

342 

1,604 

1,000 

1,488 

959 

1,743 

447 

715 

348 


719 
938 
319 
369 

1,362 
734 

1,384 
878 

1,930 


1,139 
573 


108 
1,847 

614 
1,803 
3,591 


954 

676 

359 

13,655 


358 
2,069 


1,269 
4,319 
3,360 
1,188 
2,645 
2,384 
951 


803 
3,381 
1,731 

719 
2,442 


1,377 
1,017 
1,452 
1,640 
1,617 

201 


876 

2ir> 

1,185 

1,647 

77 

1,149 

669 

5,76(1 

599 

1,350 

1,466 

366 

604 

1,994 

2,403 

1,334 

771 

127 

657 

3,445 

3,097 

43,189 

364 

1,288 

93.3 

1,788 

606 

889 

325 

1,828 

1,087 

1,422 

1,080 

1,642 

569 

669 

344 

1,115 

133 

33 

278 

210 

705 

1,147 

2.58 

712 

1,484 

851 

1,513 

618 

3,509 

1,455 

1,479 

C86 

445 

748 

1,394 

653 

318 

050 

1,142 

354 

1,794 

&33 

1,307 

3,059 

1,258 

333 

946 

847 

281 

19,902 

605 

250 

432 

2,053 

603 

l,a58 

4,388 

2,944 

1,028 

3,326 

2,124 

836 

486 

841 

3,026 

1,474 

81(5 

2,295 

206 

2,624 

2,160 

1,2.'>9 

1,456 

1,387 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Kaaw  of  pkkc«  and 
•tou. 


Bchnylklll.  Pa. 

Bcliuylklll,  I'a. 

Schujlkill  llaveu,  Pa... 

Sciencevtile,  G» 

8clo,  Mich 

8clo,  N.Y.. 

Bclo. O 

Scio,  Ore.„ 

Bcio,  Ore 

Sclotu,  III 

BcloU,  III 

Eciota,  Mich 

Sciota,  Minn 

Bcioto,  0 

Scioto,  0— ^ 

Scioto,  0 

Scioto,  0 

Scipio,  Ind 

Scipio,  Ind 

Scipio.Mlch 

Scipio.  N.Y 

Scipio, O 

Scipio,  O 

Scipio,  Utah 

Scitiiate,  Mass 

Scituute,  K.I 

Scivnily,  Tenn 

Scofleld,  Utah 

ScdOl)!!,  Mi83 

Scutcli  GroTo,  Iowa 

Scotch  Irish,  N.C 

Scotia,  Cal 

Scotia,  Neb 

Scotia,  Neb 

Scotland,  Conn 

Scotland,  Ga 

Scotland,  Ga 

ScotUnd,  III 

Scotland,  S.D 

Scotland,  S.D 

Scotland  Neck,  N.C 

Scotland  Neck,  N.C 

Scott,  Ala. 

Scott,  Ark 

Scott,  Ark 

Scott,  Ark 

Scott,  111 

Scott,  III 

Scott,  Ind 

Scott,  Ind 

Scott,  Ind 

Scott,  Ind 

Scott,  Iowa 

Scott,  Iowa 

Scott,  Iowa 

Scott,  Iowa 

Scott,  Iowa 

Scott,  low^a 

Scott,  Iowa 

Scott,  Iowa 

Scott,  Iowa 

.Scott,  Iowa 

i  Scott,  Iowa 

Scott,  Iowa 

Scott,  Kan 

6<.ott,  Kan 

Scott,  Kan 

Scott,  Kan 

Scott,  Kan 

Scott,  Ky„ 

Scott,  Minn 

Scott,  Mo 

Scott,  Neb 

Scott,  Neb 

Scott,  Neb 

Scott,  N.Y 

Scott,  0 

Scott,  O 

Scott,  O 

Scott.  O 

Scott,  O 

Scott,  0 

Scott,  Pa 

Scott,  Pa 

Scott,  Pa 

Scott,  Pa 

Scott,  Pa 

Scott,  Va 

Scott,  W.  Va 

Scott,  W.  Va 

Scott,  Wis 

Scott,  Wis 

Scott,  Wis 

Scott,  Wis 

Scott,  Wis 

^ottdale.  Pa 

202 


Bank  of 
place. 


poet-twp 

township 

|io»t-boro' 

mil.dlst 

poet-twp 

post-town 

poet-vlll 

precinct 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

civilKlist 

post-prect 

post-beat 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

niil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

townNliip 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

townsliip 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

townsliip 

village 

township 

piiSt'Till 

township 

townsliip 

post-twp 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

niHg.-dist 

niag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-boro' 


County. 


Chetter 

Schuylkill 

Schuylkill 

Stewart 

Washtenaw 

Alleghany 

Harrison 

Linn 

Linn 

McDonough 

McOonoiigh 

Shiawassee 

Dakota 

Dflaware 

Pickaway 

Pike 

Ross 

Allen 

I^a  Porte.. » 

Hillsdale 

Cayuga 

MHgs 

Si'neca 

Millanl 

Plymouth 

Providence 

Moore 

Emery 

Kemper 

Jones 

Kowan 

Humboldt. 

Greeley 

Greeley 

Windham 

Telfair 

Telfair. 

McDonough 

Bon  Uonime 

Day„„ 

Halifax 

Halifax 

Perry 

Mississippi 

Poinsett 

Sharp 

Champaign 

Ogle 

Harrison 

Kosciusko 

Montgomery.... 

Vanderburg 

Buena  Vista..... 

Fayette 

Floyd 

Franklin 

Fremont 

Hamilton 

Henry 

Johnson 

Madison 

Mahaska 

Montgomery..., 

Poweshiek 

Bourbon 

Lincoln 

Linn 

Scott 

Scott 

Kenton 

Stevens 

Taney „., 

BuffHlo „., 

Holt , 

Sherman 

Cortland 

Adams 

Brown , 

Marion 

Paulding 

Sandusky , 

Van  Wert 

Alleghany 

Columbia. 

Lackawanna.... 

Lawrence 

Wayne 

Fauquier 

Boone 

Putnam 

Brown ,..., 

Columbia 

Crawford 

Lincoln 

Sheboygan 

Westmoreland. 


Population. 


1880.    isgo, 


1,416 
621 

S,()&2 
»43 

2,291 

609 
1,144 

iy;i 

1,501 

MM 
1,566 

276 
1,607 
2,310 

921 
12,689 

614 

745 
1,012 
2,093 
1,720 
1,836 

674 
2.466 
3,810 

639 


4,362 

778 

1,606 


618 
590 


1,247 
150 


2,835 

482 

2,750 

1,117 

872 

872 

1,031 

1,002 

l,o;i4 

78G 

1,289 

1,676 

239 

621 

670 

63 

1,577 

734 

1,314 

897 

1,103 

1,049 

1,139 

821 

2,316 

412 

1,427 


2,187 
202 
74 


9S0 
1,192 
1,224 

553 


1,452 


1,632 
1,347 
1,263 

985 
1,09 
6,149 
1,177 
2,375 
1,352 

8;J0 
1,046 


1,584 
1,276 


1,264 

MO 

3,088 

1,243 

1,946 

1,391 

616 

1,101 

26:i 

1,031 

238 

1,448 

2;i9 

1,655 

2,268 

1,078 

12,946 

606 

757 

960 

1,836 

1,491 

1,582 

667 

2,318 

3,174 

399 

680 

4,663 

705 

1,611 

454 

809 

418 

5or, 

762 

258 

874 

1,083 

192 

3,066 

778 

2,746 

2,144 

1,376 

993 

978 

98:5 

976 

1,(»27 

1,220 

1,564 

6M 

614 

626 

615 

1,628 

1,002 

1,389 

744 

974 

978 

1,380 

697 

2,566 

488 

1,216 

325 

229 

2,383 

289 

381 

351 

312 

486 

987 

1,182 

1,096 

575 

733 

1,416 

733 

2,6.'il 

1,373 

1,213 

907 

1,147 

4,988 

1,403 

2,295 

1,288 

824 

1,079 

670 

1,473 

2,633 


Kame  of  place  and 
•Ute. 


Scott  Haven,  Pa 

Scoit  Hill,  Pa. 

Scott  I.and,  III 

Scott  River,  ("al 

Scottsliorough,  Ala., 
Soottsborough,  Ala.. 
Scottsborough,  Ga.  .. 

Scuttsburg,  Ind 

Scottsburg,  Ore 

Scottsburg,  Va 

Scott's  Crock,  N.C ... 

Scottsviile,  Ala 

Scoltsvllle,  Ky 

Scottsviile,  Ky 

Scottsviile,  Va 

Scottsviile,  Va 

Scott  Vallev,  Cal 

Scottville,  ill 

Scottviile,  III 

Scottville,  Mich 

Scoville,  Nell 

Scranton,  Iowa 

Scranton,  Kan 

Scranton,  Kan 

Scranton,  Miss 

Scranton,  Pa 

Scranton  City,  Iowa, 

Scriba,  N.Y 

Scribner,  Neb 

Scroggin,  Ala 

Scrubgrass,  Pa 

Scuffletown,  S.C 

Scull  Shoals,  Ga 

Scuppernong,  N.C... 
Scuppernong,  N.C... 

Seafieok.  Wash 

Sealioard,  N.C 

Seaboard,  N  C 

Seaboard,  Va 

Seabrook,  N.H 

Sea  Foam,  Idaho 

Seaford,  Del 

Seaford,  Del 

Seaford,  NY 

Sea  Horse  Island,  Alas. 

Sea  Islands,  Ga 

Sea  Islands,  Ga 

Sea  Isle  City,  N.J 

Seal,  0 

Seale,  Ala 

Seale,  Ala 

Sealy,  Tex 

Sear  Cross  Roads,  Ala. 

Searcy,  Ark 

Searcy,  Ark 

Searcy,  Ark 

Sears,  Cal 

Searsborough,  Iowa.... 

Searsburg,  Vt 

Searsmont,  Me 

Searsport,  Me 

Seaside,  Ore 

Seatonville,  III 

Seats,  Ga 

Seattle,  Wash 

Sebago,  Me 

Sebec,  tie 

Sebewa,  Mich 

Sebewaing,  Mich 

Sebewaing,  Mich 

Seboyeta,  N.M 

Sebree,  Ky 

Second,  Ga 

Second  Creek,  W.  Va... 

Secor,  III 

Sedalla,  Col 

Sedalia,  Mo 

Sedalia,  Mo 

Seilaii,  Ala 

Sedan,  Kan 

Sedan,  Kan 

Seddon,  Ala 

Swidon,  Va 

Sedgwick,  Kan 

Sedgwick,  Kan 

Sedgwick,  Me 

Seek,  Pa 

Seekonk,  Mass 

Seely,  Iowa 

Seely,  Minn 

Sefton,  III 

Seguiii,  Tex 

Seibert,  Col 

Sekitan,  0 

Selby,  111 

Sclbysport,  Md 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-Till 
village 

IMMt-Vill 

|iost-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

|Hj8t-town 

IKwt-prect 

|>o8t-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

IHist-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

city 

post-vill 

|)ost-town 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-di.>t 

|)OSt-t0WU 

precinct 
liundred 

|K)St-vill 

post-vill 

hamlet 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-boro' 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post  town 

post-prect 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

city 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

JKjSt-Vill 

post-prect 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

city 

post-prect 

township 

I)08t-Vill 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

district 


County. 


Westmoreland.. 
North  umberl'd 

Kdgar 

Siskiyou 

Jackxon 

Jackson 

Baldwin 

Scott 

Douglas 

Halifax 

Jackson 

Bibb 

Allen 

Allen 

Albemarle 

Albemarle 

Siskiyou 

Macoupin 

Macoupin 

Mason 

Hamilton 

Greene 

Usage 

Osage 

Jackson  

Lackawanna.... 

Greene 

Oswego 

Dodge 

Barbour 

Venango 

Laurens 

Oconee 

Tyrrell , 

Washington 

Kitsap 

Northampton.. 
Northampton., 
Princess  Anne. 
Rockingham.,,. 

Custer , 

Sussex 

Sussex 

Queens 


Glynn 

Mcintosh 

Cape  May 

Pike 

Russell 

Russell 

Austin 

Lee 

Cross 

Phillips 

While 

itietra 

I'oweshiek..,, 
Bennington.. 

Waldo 

Waldo. 

Clatsop 

Bureau 

Morgan 

King 

Cumberland.. 
Piscataquis.,, 

Ionia 

Huron 

Huron 

Valencia 

Webster 

Coweta 

Monroe 

Woodford 

Douglas 

Pettis 

Pettis 

Wilcox 

Chautauqua., 
Chautauqua., 
Saint  Clair,... 

Bland 

Harvey 

Harvey 

Hancock 

Schuylkill.... 

Bristol 

Guthrie 

Fariliault 

Fayette 

Guadalupe,... 
Kit  Careon. .. 

Hamilton 

Bureau 

Garrett 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


837 
127 
626 


722 
2,189 

454 

199 
87 

621 
1,391 
3,218 

395 
7,290 

405 
1,678 
1,62:» 

284 


461 
1,007 


835 
1,052 
46,860 


2,971 

193 

89,' 

1,603 

2,060 

<>6I 

1,017 

2,253 


2,595 

167 

3,681 

1,745 


3,100 
1,642 


883 
664 


1,411 

3,620 

257 

24 

998 

1,0()4 

1,782 

840 

686 

225 

232 

l,3;iO 

2,322 

81 


93 
3,533 

808 

87C 
1,660 
1,489 

653 


300 
2,616 
1,404 

450 


10,84.5 
9,501 
1,468 
1,470 
665 


1,058 
9.39 
415 

1,128 


1,227 

438 

441 

1,360 

1,303 


1,084 
1,250 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890   COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Selbyville,  Del 

Selduvia,  Alaska 

Self  Creek,  Ark 

Selfville,  Ala 

Selignian,  Mo 

Seliii's  Grove,  I'a 

Sttllar,  Col 

Selle,  N.U 

Sellersbuig,  lud 

Selleisviljp,  I'a 

Sellwood,  Ore 

Selinn,  Ala 

Selnia,  ChI 

Selraa,  Mich 

Seltnii,  Miun 

Selniii,  N.C 

Selnm,  N.C._ 

Semeiiovsky,  Alaska.... 

Semialimoo,  Wash 

Seminary,  III 

Seminola,  Ga 

Semper,  Ool 

Sempronius,  NY 

Seiiacliwiiie,  III 

Senaii,  Alaska 

Senatobin,  Miss 

Seueca,  Cal 

Seneca,  Fla 

Seneca,  III 

Seneca,  Iowa 

Seneca,  Kan 

Seneca,  Mich 

Seneca,  Mo 

Seneca,  Mo 

Seneca,  Neb 

Seneca,  N.Y 

Seneca,  0 

Seneca,  0 

Seneca,  0 

Seneca,  S.C 

Seneca,  Va 

Seneca,  Wis 

Seneca,  Wig 

Seneca,  Wig _ 

Seueca,  Wis 

Seneca  Kails,  N.Y 

Seneca  Falls,  N.Y 

Senecaville,  0 

Seney,  Mich 

Sennett,  N.Y 

Senoia,  Ga 

Sequan,  Ac,  Cal 

Serena,  III 

Serena,  III 

Sergeant  Bluff,  Iowa.... 

Settendown,  Ga 

Settler,  Iowa 

Sevastopol,  Wis 

Seven  Creeks,  Neb 

Seven  Devils,  Idaho 

Seven  Hickory,  111 

Seven  Mile,  0 

Seven  Mile  Creek,  Wig. 

Seven  Oaks,  Cal 

Seven  Rivers,  N.M 

Seventh,  Ga 

Seventh,  Ga 

Seventy-First,  N.C 

8eventy-Si.\,  Iowa , 

Seventy-Six,  Iowa , 

Seventy-Six,  Kan , 

Severance,  Kan 

Severance,  Minn 

Severe,  Ala 

Severy,  Kan 

Bevierville,  Tenn 

Sevierville,  Tenu , 

Seville,  Ga 

Seville,  Mich 

Seville,  0 

Seward,  III 

Seward,  III 

Seward,  Ind , 

Seward,  Kan 

Seward,  Kan , 

Seward,  Minn 

Seward,  Neb , 

Seward,  N.Y 

Sewell  Mountain, W.Va 

Sewickley,  Pa. 

Sewickley,  Pa 

Sewickley,  Pa 

Sexton's  Creek,  Ky 

Seymour,  Conn 

Seymour,  Ind 

Seymour,  Iowa , 


Bank  of 
place. 


poet-townt 

hamlet 

township 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-prect 

city 

|)OBt-town 

township 

JX)8t-twp 

township 

post-vill 

jiamlet 

post-prect 

townnhip 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

hamlet 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

city 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

niag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

townshii) 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

jiost-town 

precinct 

township 

ixjst-vill 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

civil-dist 

post-vill 

poet-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

townsliip 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag.-diet 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

city 

poBt-town 


County. 


Sussex.. 


Pike 

Blount 

Barry 

Snyder 

Pitkin 

Unimons 

Clark 

Bucks 

Multnomah.. 

Dallas 

Fresno 

Wexford 

Cottonwood.. 

Johnston 

Johnston 


Whatcom... 

Fayette 

Chattooga.. 
Jefferson.... 

Cayuga 

Putnam 


Tate. 

Plumas 

Lake 

McUenry 

Kossuth 

Nemaha 

Lenawee 

Newton 

Newton 

Thomas 

Ontario 

Monroe 

Noble 

Seneca 

Oconee 

Campbell 

Crawford 

Oreen  Lake 

Shawano 

Wood , 

Seneca 

Seneca 

Guernsey 

Schoolcraft.. 

Cayuga 

Coweia 

San  Diego.... 

La  Salle 

Lh  Salle 

Woodbury... 

Forsyth 

Sioux 

Door 

Cherry 

Washington 

Coles 

Butler 

Juneau  

San  Bernardino 

Eddy 

Coweta 

Gordon 

Cumberland.... 

Muscatine 

Washington.... 

Sumner 

Doniphan 

Sibley 

Perry 

Greenwood 

Sevier 

Sevier 

Wilcox 

Gratiot 

Medina 

Kendall 

Winnebago 

Koi^ciusko 

Seward 

Stafford 

NobU* 

Seward 

Schoharie 

Fayette 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Westmoreland 

Clay 

New  Haven.... 

.Tackson 

Wayne 


Population. 


1,431 


169 
490 


7,529 


233 

292 

1,821 

256 


1,306 

788 


1,138 
831 


y:j5 

639 


1,026 


l,2a3 

2,093 

965 

380 


2,877 

1,302 

1,0114 

1,519 

3,()13 

3,.')09 

1,416 

446 

34< 

607 

6,S53 

5,880 

402 


1,()44 
731 


1,077 
108 
107 


1,411 

251 
785 


1,136 
970 

3,236 
823 
873 
419 
376 
331 

1,006 
306 

1,401 
253 


1,210 
589 
1,012 
1,111 
1,421 

399 

226 
1,525 
l,7:i4 
2,822 

392 
2,05:4 
3,457 
1,204 
2,318 
4,250 

501 


264 

99 

351 

537 

242 

1,315 

36 

47 

5t)8 

794 

953 

7,fi22 

1,160 

242 

310 

2,322 

627 

3 

190 

1,100 

1,006 

228 

981 

717 

40 

1,077 

394 

120 

1,046 

444 

2,032 

2,079 

1,007 

1,101 

89 

2,690 

1,329 

1,014 

1,390 

4,493 

3,181 

1,440 

586 

350 

875 

6,961 

6,116 

461 

774 

1,498 

803 

1,173 

919 

76 

425 

1,009 

671 

1,313 

60 

157 

1,450 

288 

697 

22 

453 

1,024 

1,146 

3,548 

658 

730 

602 

377 

050 

1,091 

389 

1,955 

283 

291 

1,322 

699 

830 

9G0 

1,580 

148 

5.56 

324 

2,108 

1,620 

3,100 

359 

2,776 

3,997 

1,.590 

3,300 

5,337 

1,058 


Kama  of  place  and 
etate. 


Seymour,  Mo 

Seymour,  Tex 

Seymour,  Wis 

Seymour,  Wis 

Seymour,  Wis 

Seymour,  Wis 

Seymour  Channel.Alas. 

Shablx>na,  III 

Shabbona,  III 

Shacktolit,  Alaska 

Shade,  Pa 

Shade  Gap,  Pa 

Shady  Dale,  Ga 

Shady  Dale,  Ga 

Shady  Grove,  Ala 

Shady  Grove,  Ala 

Shady  Grove,  Ga 

Shady  Grove,  Ky 

Shady  Grove,  N.C 

Shady  Spring,  W.  Va... 

Shafer,  iliun 

Sliaftsbury,  Vt 

Shake,  Ore 

Shake  Kag,  Ga 

Shakespeare,  N.M 

Shakopee,  Minn 

Shaler,  Pa 

Shalersville,  0 

Shallotte,  N.C 

Shallow  Ford,  Ga 

Shamokin,  Pa 

Shamokin,  Pa 

Shamonp,  N.J 

Shamrock,  Mo 

Shandaken,  N.Y 

Shane  Crossing,  0 

Shannon,  III 

Shannon,  III 

Shannon,  Kan 

Shannon,  Kan 

Shannon,  Miss 

Shaokatan,  Minn 

Shapleigh,  Me 

Sharon,  Conn 

Sharon,  Ga 

Sharon,  III 

Sharon,  Iowa 

Sharon,  Iowa 

Sharon,  Iowa 

Sharon,  Iowa 

Sharon,  Kan 

Sharon,  Ky 

Sharon,  Mass 

Sharon,  Mich 

Sharon,  Minn 

Sharon,  Miss 

Sharon,  Neb 

Sharon,  N.H 

Sharon,  N.Y 

Sharon,  N.C 

Sharon,  0 

Sharon,  0 

Sharon,  0 

Sharon,  0 

Sharon,  Pa 

Sharon,  Pa 

Sharon,  Vt 

Sharon,  Va 

Sharon,  Wis 

Sharon,  Wig 

Sharon,  Wis 

Sharon  Springs,  Kan.... 
Sharon  Springs,  Kan.... 
Sharon  Springs,  N.Y.... 
Sharon  Station,  Tenn... 

Sharonville,  0 

Sharp.Ky 

Sharp,  Neb 

Shaipe,  N.C 

Sharp  llanch.  Neb 

Shar|igburg,  Ga 

Sharpsburg,  Ky 

Sharpsburg,  Ky 

Sharpsburg,  Md 

Sharpsburg,  Md 

Sharpsburg,  N.C 

Sharpsburg,  Pa 

Sharp.sliurg,  Tex 

Sharpsville,  Ind 

Shariwville,  Pa 

Sharp  Top,  Ga 

Sharpfown,  Md 

Shiirptowu,  Md 

Shasta,  Cal 

Shaw,  Ark 

Shaw,  Miss 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-twp 

post-town 

townchip 

township 

township 

post-vill 

hamlet 

township 

[lost-vill 

liamlet 

township 

post-l»oro' 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-tw|) 

post-town 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

city 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post- town 

village 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

p<ist-town 

IKjst-town 

post  vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-tow  n 

township 

post-twp 

post-beat 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

townsliip 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

I)ost-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

civil-dist 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

precinct 

[Kist-vill 

district 

liost-vill 

township 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-boro' 

mil.-dist 

district 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 


County. 


Webster. 

Baylor 

Eau  (.laire.. 
Lafayette.... 
Outagamie.. 
Outagamie . 

De  Kalb  .... 
De  Kalb 


Somerset 

Huntingdon .... 

Jasper 

Jasper 

Morgan 

Walker 

Twiggs 

Crittenden 

Davie 

Raleigh 

Chisago 

Bennington 

Jackson 

Henry 

Grant 

Scott 

Alleghany 

Portage 

Brunswick 

De  Kalb 

Norlhumberl'd 
Northumberl'd 

Burlington 

Callaway 

Ulster 

Mercer 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Atchison 

Pottawatomie... 

Lee 

Lincoln 

York 

Litchfield 

Taliaferro 

Fayette 

Appanoose 

Audubon 

Clinton 

Johnson 

Barber 

Todd 

Norfolk 

Washtenaw 

Le  Sueur 

Madison 

Buffalo 

Hillsborough... 

Schoharie 

Mecklenburg... 

Franklin 

Medina 

Noble 

Richland 

Mercer 

Potter 

Windsor 

Bland 

Portage 

Walworth 

Walworth 

Wallace 

Wallace 

Schoharie 

Weakley 

Hamilton 

Mercer 

Sheridan 

Alexander....... 

Cherry 

Coweta 

Bath 

Bath 

Washington 

Washington 

Iredell 

Alleghany 

San  Patricio 

Tipton 

Mercer 

Pickens..... 

Wicomico.. 

Wicomico 

Shasta 

Saline......... 

Bolivar 


Population. 


183 
615 
898 
762 
850 


1,432 
399 


1,287 
170 
738 


1,223 

680 

1,887 


699 


2,011 
1,929 

900 
1,030 

402 
2,218 
8,184 
1,097 


2,829 
404 

1,193 
713 

1,810 
921 
232 
163 

1,128 

2,580 


1,789 

509 

219 

1,154 

1,159 


1,106 
1,492 
1,101 
1,202 
3,360 


203 
2,.'<91 
2,048 
1,621 
1,195 
1,221 
2,981 
6,684 
1,055 
1,012 
1,280 
1,039 
1,950 

667 


027 

2,078 

469 

729 


982 


110 
1,786 

366 
2,311 
1,260 
1,134 
3,466 
33 

280 
1,824 

4:18 

859 

411 
1,000 

469 


1,125 

406 

783 

977 

739 

9 

1,439 

502 

38 

1,299 

209 

1,143 

152 

041 

1,399 

?900 

79 

1,476 

1,586 

812 

1,052 

.32 

747 

238 

1,757 

4,909 

958 

1,702 

494 

1,443 

14,403 

958 

1,278 

3,170 

993 

979 

691 

2,131 

520 

329 

299 

908 

2,149 

172 

1,021 

497 

972 

1,114 

1,076 

675 

1,146 

1,634 

1,014 

1,142 

4,018 

633 

137 

2,202 

2,100 

1,005 

1,276 

1,1115 

2,903 

7,459 

1,164 

737 

1,240 

1,940 

2,038 

878 

790 

178 

622 

2,765 

713 

611 

132 

994 

19.5 

177 

2,074 

516 

2,114 

l,iti;i 

1,316 

4,898 

371 

377 

2,330 

411 

820 

427 

3,108 

640 

201 


.203 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  ami 
•Ute. 


Shawangiink,  N.T 

Sliiiwiinu,  Mid. 

t$)mwnee,  Iiid 

hhuwnee,  Kiin 

8lmwne«,  Kan 

81  awiiee,  Kan 

Sliiiwnee,  Mo 

HhHWiiee,  Mo 

Slmwnee,  Mo 

FhHwiiee,  O 

Sliiiwnee,  O 

Sliawiiee,  Va , 

SUau'ueehaw,  N.O , 

Sliawneetuwn,  III , 

Shaw  Point,  III , 

Sbaws,  S.C 

(ihan-gwick,  Ind < 

Slieakleyvilln.Pa , 

Sheard,  N.D , 

Sheboygan,  Wia 

8liebi>ygaii,  Wig 

Sheboygan  KalU,  Wis. 
Shebovgan  Falls,  Wig 

Sliedd's,  Ore , 

Bhedd's,  Ore , 

Slieep  Creek,  Neb 

Sheep  Horn,  Col 

Sheep  Kanch,  Cal 

Sheffield,  .Mu 

Sheffield,  .\ln 

Sheffield,  Ga 

Sheffield,  III 

Sheffield,  Ind 

Slieffielil,  Mass 

Sheffield,© 

Sheffield,  0 

Sheffield,  Pa 

Sheffield,  Pa 

Sheffield,  Vt 

Shelbina,  Mo 

Shelhurn,  Ind 

Shelburne,  Mass 

Shelhurne,  Minn 

Shelburne,  N.H 

Shelburne,  Vt 

Shelby,  Ala 

Shelby,  III 

Shelby,  Ind 

Shelby,  Ind 

Shelby,  Ind 

Shelby,  Ind 

Shelby,  Iowa 

Shelby,  Iowa , 

Shelby,  Ky... 

Shelby,  Mich , 

Shelby,  Mich 

Shelby,  Mich , 

Shelby,  Minn , 

Shelby,  Neb , 

Shelby,  N.Y 

Shelby,  N.C , 

Shelby,  N.O 

Shelbv,  O 

Shelby,  8.D 

Shelby,  Wig 

Shelby  City,  Kv , 

Shelby  Creek,  Ky 

Shelbyville,  III 

Shelbyville.Ill 

Shelbyville,  Ind 

Shelbyville,  Ky 

Shelbyville,  Ky 

Shelbyville,  Mo 

Shelbyville,  Tenn 

Sheldon,  III 

Sheldon,  III 

SheMon,  Iowa 

Sheld'in,  Minn 

Sheldon,  Mo 

Sheldon,  N.Y 

Sheldon,  N.D 

Sheldon,  N.D 

Sheldon,  S.C 

Sheldon,  Vt 

Sheldon,  Wig 

Shell  Banks,  Ala 

Shell  Creek,  Neb 

Shell  Creek,  Neb 

Shell  Creek,  Neb 

Shell  Creek,  Neb 

Shell  Lake,  Wig. 

Sbellman,  Ga 

Sliellniiin,  Ga 

Shell  Pond,  Fla 

Shell  River,  Minn 

Shell  Kock,  Iowa 

204 


Jtonkof 
placth 


township 

city 

township 

township 

post-twti 

townghip 

township 

townghip 

township 

townghip 

post-vlll 

ning.-dist 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

po«t-twp 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

|)reclnct 

city 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

poet-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

I>o8t-town 

l»ost-twp 

township 

post-town 

l)O8t-t0WM 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townghip 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

ix>st-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

city 

city 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

I>ost-town 

post-town 

townghip 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

poet-vill 

IK>st-twp 

post  town 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

township 


Oonnty. 


Ulster 

Shawano 

Fountain 

Cherokee 

Johnson 

Wyandotte 

Bates 

Cape  Girardeau 

Henry 

Allen 

Perry 

Frederick 

Watauga.. 

Gallatin 

Macoupin 

Edgeflehl 

Lawrence 

Mercer 

Wells 

Sheboygan  

SheboygdU  

Sheboygan  

Sheboygan  

Linn 

Linn 

Sioux 

Kagle 

Calaverag 

Colbert 

Colbert 

Rockdale 

Bureau 

Tippecanoe 

Berkshire  

Ashtabula 

Lorain 

Warren 

Warren 

Caledonia 

Shelby 

Sullivan 

Krunklin 

Lyon 

Coos 

Chittenden 

Shelby 

Edwards  

Jefferson 

Uipley  

Shelby 

Tippecanoe 

Shelby 

Shelby 

Clinton 

Macomb 

Oceiina 

Oceana 

Blue  Earth 

Polk 

Orleans 

Cleveland 

Cleveland 

Richland 

Brown 

La  Crosse 

Boyle. 

Pike 

Shelby 

Shelby 

Shelby 

Shelby 

Shelby 

Shelby 

Bedford 

Iroqnois 

Iroquois 

O'Brien 

Houston 

Vernon 

Wyoming 

Ransom 

Random 

Beatifort 

Franklin 

Monroe 

Baldwin 

Boone 

Colfax 

Madison 

Platte 

Washburn 

Randolph 

Randolph 

Levy 

Wadena 

Butler. 


PopnUtiun. 


1880.      1800. 


2,910 

890 
l,0«t5 

99ft 
2,477 
2,a77 

K)« 
2,200 
I.IIM 
1,241 
2,770 
1,812 

403 


957 
1,559 
3,906 

222 


1,016 
7,314 
1,810 
1,148 

69 


1,539 

905 

1,644 

2,204 

688 

1,(W6 

1,424 

684 

884 

1,289 

3X7 

1,021 

140 

252 

1,096 

567 

1,521 

1,749 

2,902 


1,487 

1,299 

449 

652 

1,657 

1,496 

81 

882 


3,824 

2,606 

990 

1,871 


796 

466 

887 

1,165 

2,939 

3,745 


2,393 
619 
1,869 
1,939 
947 
730 
866 


2,257 


5,466 

1,520 

794 


595 

448 


1,524 


2,456 

1,60.5 

1,178 

1,000 

2,495 

2,tMi8 

736 

2,502 

1,038 

1,279 

3,206 

1,975 

791 

1,056 

995 

1,883 

5,506 

191 

52 

2,117 

16,369 

l,(i77 

1,118 

437 

3.55 

.30 

69 

a58 

2,976 

2,731 

1,411 

993 

1,375 

1,964 

659 

839 

2,202 

1,205 

750 

1,691 

378 

1,5.53 

275 

336 

1,300 

753 

1,474 

1,-583 

2,365 

1,339 

1,4.53 

1,457 

582 

591 

1,653 

2,470 

994 

728 

333 

3,702 

3,670 

1,394 

1,977 

317 

1,(103 

325 

1,315 

1,058 

3,162 

5,451 

7,274 

2,679 

486 

1,823 

1,770 

910 

1,478 

726 

396 

2,0'=9 

476 

253 

5,979 

1,366 

813 

310 

962 

619 

931 

569 

1,535 

2,589 

462 

660 

183 

1,482 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Shell  Rock,  Iowa 

Shell  Rock,  Kan 

Shell  Rock,  Minn 

Shellsbnrg,  Iowa 

Shelocta,  Pa 

Shelter  Island,  N.Y 

Shelton,  Conn 

Shelton,  Mo 

Shelton,  Neb 

Shelton,  Neb 

Shelton,  Wash 

Shelton  Laurel,  N.U 

Shely,  Minn 

Shenandoah,  Iowa 

Slienandoah,  Pa 

Shenandoah,  Va 

Shenandoah  Iron 
Works,  Va 

Shenango,  Pa 

Shenango,  Pa 

Shenford,  N.D 

Shepherd,  Ark 

Shepherd,  Ga 

Shepherd,  Mich 

Shepherdstown,  W.  Va, 

Shepherdsville,  Ky 

Shepherdsville,  Ky 

Sheiborn,  Mass 

Sherbrooke,  N  D 

Sherburne,  Ky 

Sherburne,  Ky 

'  Sherburne,  Minn 

!  Sherburne,  N.Y 

!  Sherburne,  N.Y 

Sherburne,  Vt 

Sheridan,  Ark 

Sheridan,  III 

Sheridan,  111 , 

Sheridan,  Ind 

Sheridan,  Iowa , 

Sheridan,  Iowa , 

Sheridan,  Iowa 

Sheridan,  Iowa 

Sheridan,  Iowa 

Sheridan,  Kan 

Sheridan,  Kan 

Sheridan,  Kan 

Sheridan,  Kan 

Sheridan,  Kan 

Sheridan,  Kan 

Sheridan,  Kan 

Sheridan,  Kan 

Sheridan,  Mich 

Sheridan,  Mich 

Sheridan,  Mich 

Sheridan,  Mich 

Sheridan,  Mich i 

Sheridan,  Mich 

Sheridan,  Minn 

Sheridan,  Mo 

Sheridan,  Mo 

Sheridan,  Mont 

Sheridan,  Neb 

Sheridan,  Neb 

Sheridan,  &o.,  Neb 

Sheridan,  Neb 

Sheridan,  Neb 

Sheridan,  Neb 

Sheridan,  Neb 

Sheridan,  N.Y 

Sheridan,  N.D 

Sheridan,  Ore 

Sheridan,  Ore 

Sheridan,  S.C 

Sheridan,  S.D 

Sheridan,  W.  Va 

Sheridan,  W.  Va 

Sheridan,  Wis 

Sheridan,  Wyo 

Sheridan  Lake,  Col 

Sherlock,  Kan 

Sherman,  Ark 

Sherman,  Conn 

Sherman,  111 

Sherman,  Iowa 

Sherman,  Iowa 

Sherman,  Iowa 

Sherman,  Iowa 

Sherman,  Iowa 

Sherman,  Iowa 

Sherman,  Iowa 

Sherman,  Iowa 

Sherman,  Iowa 

Sherman,  Kan 

Sherman,  Kan 

Sherman,  Kan 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-Tin 

township 

township 

|>ost-t«ii 

i»ogt-lK)ro' 

post-town 

borough 

township 

township 

post-vill 

IKWt-town 

township 

township 

poPt-town 

post-boro" 

poet-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-twj) 

township 

post-twp 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

jK)St-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

towniihii) 

townfehip 

towiiship 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

poet-twp 

townnhip 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dlRt 

township 

post-twp 

l>i>st-prect 

township 

township 

IK)St-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Butler 

Greenwood. 
FreelK)rn.... 

Benton 

Indiana 

Suffolk 

Fairfield 

Knox 

Buffalo 

Buffalo 

Mason 

Madison 

Norman 

Page 

Schuylkill.. 
I'age 


Page 

Irfiwrence 

Mercer 

Ransom 

Crawford 

Morgan 

Isabella 

Jefferson 

Bullitt 

Bullitt 

Middlesex 

Steele.. 

Fleming 

Fleming 

Martin 

Chenango 

Chenango 

Rutland. 

Grant 

La  Salle 

Logan 

Hamilton 

Carroll 

Cherokee 

Poweshiek 

Scott 

Sioux 

Cherokee 

Cowley 

Crawford 

Grant 

Linn 

Ottawa 

SheiHdan 

Washington 

Calhoun 

Clare 

Huron 

Mason 

Mecosta 

Newaygo 

Redwood 

Daviess 

Jjisper 

Madison 

Clay 

Frontier 

Holt 

Pawnee 

Philips 

Sheridan 

Washington 

Chautauqua 

La  Moure 

Yam  Hill 

Yam  Hill 

Colleton 

Codington 

Calhoun 

Lincoln 

Dunn 

Sheridan 

Kiowa 

Finney 

Johnson.. 

Fairfield 

Mason 

Calhoun 

Hardin 

Jasper 

Kossutl 

Monona 

Montgomery.... 

Pocahontas 

Sioux 

Story 

Clay 

Crawford 

Decatur 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Sherman,  Kan 

iSlierniaii,  Kan 

Shernum,  Kan. 

8heniian,  Kan 

Blierniiiu,  Kan 

bhernian,  Kan 

Slieinian,  Kan 

Ktiernian,  Kan 

8hernian,  Kau 

tihernian,  Me 

Sliei'Uian,  Midi 

glierniaii,  Slicli 

glierniati,  Slicli 

Sherman,  Mich 

Sherman,  Mich 

Sherman,  Mich..  .... 

Sherman,  Midi 

Sherman,  Mich 

Sherman,  Minn 

Sherman,  Miss 

Sherman,  Mo 

Sherman,  Mo 

Sherman,  Mo 

Sherman,  Mo 

Sherman,  Xeb 

Sherman,  Meb 

Sherman,  Neb 

Sherman,  Neb 

Sherman,  Neb 

Sherman,  Neb 

Sheinian,  Neb 

Sherman,  Neb 

Sherman,  N.Y 

Sherman,  N.Y... 

Sliermau,  0 

Sherman,  S.D 

Sherman,  Tex 

Sherman,  W.  Va 

Sherman,  W.  Va , 

Sliermau,  W.  Va , 

Sherman,  Wis 

Sherman,  Wis 

Sherman,  Wis 

Shermanvillo,  Kan.. 

Slierodsville,  0 

Sherrill,  Mo 

Sherry,  Wis 

Sherwood,  Mich 

Sherwood,  Mich 

Sherwood,  Tex 

Sherwood  Forest,  Wis... 

Sheshequin,  Pa 

Slietek,  Minn 

Shiawassee,  Mich 

Sliilile,  Minn 

Stiickley,  Neb 

Shicktihinny,  Pa 

Shidds,  111". 

6hiehls,Neb 

Shields,  Wis 

Shield*.,  Wis 

Shieldri  Uiver,  Mont 

Shield^iVille,  Minn 

Shillington,  Pa 

Shiloli,  Ala 

Wiiloh,  Ark 

6hiloh,Ga 

Shiloh,  111 

Khiloh.Ill 

Shiloh,  Iowa 

ShIIoh,  Kan 

Shiloh,  Ky 

Shiloh,  Ky 

Shiloh,  N.C 

Shiloh,  N.C 

Shiloh,  0 

Shiloh,  S.C 

Shiloh,  Va 

Shiloh  Valley,  III 

Shinier,  Kan 

Shine,  NO 

Shiner,  Tex 

Shingle  Cioek.Fla 

Shingletown,  Cal 

Shiiinstoii,  W.  Va 

Shiiiyagamute,  Alaska 

Shipman,  III 

Shipnian,  111 , 

Shippen,  Pa , 

Shippeu,  Pa 

Sliippensburg,  Pa 

SliippensbnrgjPa 

Sliippensville,  Pa 

Sliiremanstown,  Pa 

Shirland,  III 

Shirley,  Ala 


Rank  of 
I^lace. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

t)ost-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

city 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

towiichip 

township 

post-twp 

|)08t-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

poet-bo  ro' 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

|X)st-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

po.st-vill 

JKJSt-tWp 

mag.-dist 

township 

towiifihip 

post-twp 

post-vill 

preci  net 

post-twp 

post-town 

hamlet 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-bo  ro' 

po8t-l)oro' 

post-boro' 

poBt-twp 

post-prect 


County. 


Dickinson 

Ellsworth 

Grant 

Leavenworth.. 

Ottawa 

Pottawatomie.. 

Kiley 

Sedgwick 

Washington.... 

Aroostook 

Ilnron 

Iosco 

Isabella 

Keewenaw 

Mason 

Newaygo 

Osceola 

Saint  Joseph... 

Redwood 

Pontotoc 

Cass 

DoKalb 

Harrison 

Putnam 

Antelope 

Cuming 

Furnas 

Gage 

Kearney 

Nuckolls 

Platte 

Wayne 

Chautauqua... 
Chautauqua.... 

Huron 

Bro<jking 

Grayson 

Boone 

Calhoun 

Hampshire 

Clark 

Dunn 

Sheboygan 

Sherman 

Carroll 

Texas 

Wood 

Branch 

Branch 

Irion 

Clark 

Bradford 

Murray 

Shiawassee 

Swift 

Fillmore 

Lu/.erne 

Lake 

Holt 

Dodge 

Marquette 

Park , 

Rice 

Berks ,., 

Marengii 

Cleburne 

Carroll 

Edgar 

Jefferson 

Grundy 

Neosho 

Calloway 

Union 

Camden 

Iredell 

Richland 

Sumter 

King  George  . 

Saint  Clair 

Comanche 

Greene 

Lavaca 

Osceola 

Shasta 

Harrison  


Macoupin 

Macoupin 

Cameron 

Tioga 

Cumberland- ■ 
Cumberland., 

Clarion 

Cumberland.. 
Winnebago... 
Covington 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


l,40a 


.354 

2,045 
798 

1,0!»4 
217 
382 

1,011 
409 
C44 
668 

1,2(14 
142 


1,02(1 

l,fi21 

806 

1,058 


144 
171 

387 
493 


1,558 

731 

1,22S 


6,093 
1,136 
1,2(11 
1,492 
3(X) 
548 
1,750 


1,889 


1,346 
211 


115 
1,460 

242 
1,929 

233 


1,058 
1,336 


1,026 
620 


771 

136 

1,857 


l,20i 

1,314 

675 

988 

33 

1,041 

1,8.'>4 

1,860 

661 

2,405 

1,999 


289 


1,682 
486 

1,217 
441 
494 

2,213 
388 
404 
474 
544 


648 
369 
238 

1,487 
644 
640 
688 
790 
9.->3 
909 

1,318 
108 
633 
868 
5,50 
625 
810 

1,048 
249 
79 

1,199 

1,7.55 
785 
892 
267 
698 
237 
680 
a58 
674 
635 
214 

1,531 
785 
9:55 
3(j7 

7,335 

1,522 

1,592 

1,911 
470 
635 

1,736 
267 
893 

2,124 
487 

1,405 
447 
264 
165 

1,272 
346 

1,892 
343 
307 

1,448 

1,751 
456 
919 
608 
242 
875 
000 

2,006 

94 

581 

1,328 

1,344 
864 

1,092 
49 

1,057 

1,773 

2,121 
644 

2,601 

2,126 

1,286 
201 

1,000 
340 
164 
945 
403 
7 

1,521 
410 

1,598 
732 
744 

2,183 
336 
432 
491 
653 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Shirley,  Kan 

Shirley,  Me 

Shirley,  Blass 

Shirley,  Pa 

iShirleysburg,  Pa 

Shoal,  Mo 

Shoal  Creek,  Ala 

Shoal  Creek,  Ark 

Shoal  Creek,  Ga 

Shiial  Creek,  Ga 

Shoal  Creek,  Ga 

Shoal  Creek,  Ga 

Shoal  Creek,  111 

Shoal  Creek,  Mo 

Shoal  Creek,  Mo 

Shoal  Creek,  N.C 

Shoalford.  Ala 

Shoal  River,  Fla 

Shoals,  Ind 

Sliocco,  N.C 

Shoe  Heel,  N.C 

Slioemakersville,  Pa 

Sholiola,  Pa 

Shoo  Fly,  Ore 

Shooting  Creek,  N.C... 

Shoreham,  Vt 

Short  Keiid,  Mo 

Short  Creek,  Ala 

Short  Creek,  Ky 

Short  Creek,  Kj- 

Short  Creek,  0 

Shoi-terville,  Ala 

Short  Mountain,  Ark.. 

Shoshone,  Idaho 

Shoshone,  Idaho 

Shottsville,  Ala , 

Slioup,  Idaho 

Shoveiiaghamute,  Alas. 

Shieve,  0 

Shreveport,  La 

Shrewsbury,  Mass.... 

Shrewsbury,  N.J 

Shrewsbury,  Pa 

Shrewsbury,  Pa 

Shrewsbury,  Pa 

Shrewsbury,  Pa 

Shrewsbury,  Vt 

Shubuta,  Miss 

Sliubuta,  Miss 

Shuck  Pen,  Ga 

Shuffield,  N.C 

Shullsburg,  Wi.s 

Shullsburg,  Wis 

Shunesburg,  Utah.... 

Shuqualak,  Miss 

Sliutesbury,  Mass 

Sibley,  III 

Sibley,  Iowa 

Sibley,  Kan 

Sibley,  Minn 

Sibley,  N.D 

Sibley,  N.D 

Sibley  Mills,  Ala 

Sicily,  Neb 

Sideil,  III 

Sidney,  111 

Sidney,  111 

Sidney,  Iowa 

Sidney,  Iowa 

Sidney,  Me 

Sidney,  Mich 

Sidney,  Neb 

Sidnev,  NY 

Sidney,  N.Y 

Sidney,  O 

Sidney,  Wash 

Sidon.  Miss 

Sienega,  N.M 

Sierra,  Cal 

Sierra,  Cal... 

Sierra  City,  Cal 

Sievcis,  Ore 

Sigel,  III 

Sigel,  111 

Sigel,  Mich 

Sigel,  Minn 

Sigel,  Wis 

Sigel,  Wig 

Signal,  S.D 

Sigourney,  Iowa 

Sigourney,  Iowa 

Sigurd,  Utah 

Sikeston,  Mo 

Silex,  Mo 

Siloam,  N.C 

Siluam  Springs,  Ark. 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

post-prect 

liosttwp 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

lx)st-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

l>08t-tWp 

precinct 

jwjst-twp 

post-tow  n 

township 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

|)08t-twp 

jiost-prcct 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-prect 

hamlet 

|>ost-vill 

city 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

post-town 

beat 

[lost-vill 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

city 

precinct 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

|)ost-town 

to>yni"hip 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

jio.xt-town 

post-twp 

lK)St-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

[lost-town 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

po8t-t\vp 

township 

townsiiip 

township 

township 

township 

city 

post-prect 

(lost-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

po«t-town 


County. 


Cloud 

Piscataquis... 

Middlesex 

Huutingdon.. 
Huntingdon.. 

Clinton 

Cleburne 

Logan 

Dawson 

Hart 

Lumpkin 

White 

Bond 

Barry 

Newton 

Cherokee 

Limestone.... 

Walton 

Martin 

Warren 

Robeson 

Berks 

Pike 

Grant 

Clay 

Addison 

Dent 

Etowah 

Grayson 

Pendleton 

Harrison ,. 

Henry.. 

Logan 

Logan..... 

Logan 

Marion......... 

Lemhi 


Wayne 

Caddo 

Worcester 

Monmouth.... 

Lycoming 

Sullivan 

York 

York 

Rutland 

Clarke 

Clarke 

Murray 

Moore 

Lafayette 

Lafayette 

Washington.. 

Noxubee 

Franklin 

Ford 

Osceola 

Cloud 

Sibley »... 

Burleigh 

Kidder 

Baldwin 

Gage 

Vermilion 

Champaign... 
Champaign... 

Fremont 

Fremont 

Kennebec 

Montcalm 

Cheyenne 

Delaware 

Delaware 

Shelby 

Kitsap 

Le  Flore 

Santa  Fe 

Sierra 

Tehama 

Sierra 

Clackamas 

Shelby 

Shelby 

Huron 

Brown 

Chippewa 

Wood 

Charles  Mix. 

Keokuk 

Keokuk 

Sevier 

Scott 

Lincoln...^.... 

Surry 

Benton...  .,>>> 


Population. 


S12 

2.5;^ 

1,36.5 

1,70.3 
307 

3,340 
260 
8« 
378 

1,398 
378 
620 


1,067 
1,383 
1,604 


300 
700 
1,619 
1,(>61 
429 
715 


036 
1,3.'H 
1,151 


2,911 
1,<|36 
1,831 
1,717 
1,297 


8,009 

1,.50( 

0,526 

47 

343 

2,087 

5m 

1,236 

4,324 

764 

1,100 

1,089 

2,24.5 

1,168 

82 

352 

629 


758 
499 


624 
1,185 
1,603 

468 
1,994 

855 
1,396 
1,747 
1,173 
2,461 


3,823 


362 
621 
652 
856 
656 


2,20 
1,736 


1,149 

291 

1,191 

1,522 

32-5 

4,040 

2G4 

1,131 

333 

1,615 

381 

622 

2,170 

2,:i57 

1,721 

1,739 

1,198 

133 

738 

1,354 

2,C«2 

5(12 

960 

131 

779 

1,240 

1,298 

617 

3,151 

964 

1,712 

1,886 

2,232 

961 

958 

579 

91 

62 

1,012 

11,979 

1,449 

8,357 

67(» 

811 

2,041 

562 

974 

4,115 

589 

1,111 

1,818 

2,270 

1,391 

61 

601 

453 

404 

1,090 

698 

731 

89 

170 

641 

787 

1,683 

1,62.S 

581 

3,061 

839 

1,334 

1,514 

1,365 

3,122 

1,358 

4,8.'>0 

226 

119 

326 

962 

829 

632 

107 

934 

251 

90T 

680 

1,587 

1,2.38 

5(>6 

1,948 

1,528 

44 

638 

151 

71S 

821 


205 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP  1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


N«in«  of  pUc«  »u<l 


Stiver,  lowit 

Silver,  Uuh 

SJver  01I.V,  Ga 

Silver  (Mly,  Mt»ho 

Silver  ('ity,  Idalio 

Silver  City,  Iowa 

Silver  City,  Mont 

Silver  City,  Nev 

Silver  City,  N.M 

Silver  City,  N.M 

Silver  City,  NO 

Silver  Cliff,  Col 

Silver  Cliff,  Col 

Silver  Creek,  Idaho 

Silver  Creek,  III 

Silver  Creek,  Ind 

Silver  Creek,  Iowa 

Silver  Creek,  Iowa 

Silver  Creek,  Iowa 

Silver  Creek,  Kao 

Silver  Creek,  Knii„ 

Silver  Creek,  Mich 

Silver  Creek,  Minn 

Silver  Creek,  Mo 

Silver  Creek,  Neb 

Silver  Creek,  Neb 

Silver  Creek,  Neb 

Silver  Creek,  N.Y 

Silver  Creek,  N.C 

Silver  Creek,  O 

Silver  Creek,  Ore 

Silver  Creek,  S.D 

Silver  Dale,  Kan 

Silver  Hill,  N.C 

Silver  Hill,  Pa 

Silver  King,  Ariz 

Silver  Luke,  Ark 

Silver  lAke,  Col 

Silver  Luke,  Ind 

Silver  l^ke,  luwa. 

Silver  Lake,  Iowa 

Silver  Lake,  Iowa 

Silver  Lake,  Kan 

Silver  Luke,  Kitn 

Silver  Lake,  Minn 

Silver  Lake,  Neb 

Silver  Lake,  Ore 

Silver  Lake,  Pa 

Silver  Loaf,  Minn 

Silver  Plume,  Col 

Silver  Plume,  Col 

Silver  Reef,  Utah 

Silver  Run,  Ala 

Silver  Spring,  Pa 

Silver  Springs,  Fla 

Silverton,  Ore 

Silverton,  S.C 

Silverville,  Cal 

Silvieg,  Ore 

Silvista,  y.l) 

Simmons  Mills,  Ala 

Simmonsville,  Va 

Simpson,  Ark 

SimpaoD,  III 

Simpson,  Mo 

Simpson,  Neb 

Simpson,  W.  Va 

SimpMns  Creek,  S.C 

Simpsunville,  Ky 

Siinpsunville,  Ky 

Simpsonville,  N.C 

Sims,  Ind 

Sims,  N.D 

Slmsborougli,  La. 

Simsbury,  Conn 

Simstowii,  Ga. 

Sinclair,  Kan 

Sinclairville,  N.Y 

Singick,  Alaska 

Sing  Sing,  N.Y 

Sinker  Cfreek,  Idaho 

Sink  Hole,  Ga 

Sinking,  Ky 

Sinking,  Ho 

Sinking  Spring,  Tenn... 

Sinnot,  Minn 

Sioux,  Iowa 

Sioux,  Iowa 

Sioux,  Iowa , 

Sioux  Agency,  Minn.. 

Sioux  City,  Iowa 

Sioux  City,  Iowa 

Sioux  Falls,  S.D 

Sioux  Falls,  S.D , 

Sioux  Rapids,  Io«a.... 
Sioux  Talley,  Minn... 

206 


lUnk  of 
place. 


township 

precinct 

village 

precinct 

poet-vill 

|K>»t-twp 

precinct 

|K>St-Vill 

precinct 
|)ust-vill 
post-town 
precinct 

|H>st-Vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

>  township 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

village 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post  prect 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

|)08t-Vill 

city 

post-prect 

townrtliip 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

preci  net 

post-twp 

precinct 

n)ag.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

[KMt-prect 

mag.-dist 

township 

mag.-dist 

|)Ost-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

niil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

liamlet 

post-vill 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

township 

civil-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

city 

post-vill 

post-twp 


County. 


Cherokee 

Salt  Lake 

Dawson 

Owyhee 

Owvhee 

Mills 

Lewis  A  Clarke 

Lyon 

Grant 

Grant 

Cliathaui 

Custer 

Custer 

Logan 

Stephenson 

Clarke 

Ida 

Mills 

Pottawattamie 

Cowley 

Harper 

Cass 

Wright. 

Rnnilolph 

Burt 

Dixon 

Merrick 

Chautauqua 

Burke 

Greene 

Marion 

SantK>rn 

Cowley 

Davidson 

Northumberl'd 

Pinal 

Desha 

San  Juan 

Kosciusko 

Dickinson 

Palo  Alto 

Worth 

Shawnee 

Shawnee 

Martin 

Adams 

Lake 

Susquehanna... 

Becker 

Clear  Creek 

Clear  Creek 

Washington 

Talladegar 

Cumberland 

Marion 

Marion 

Aiken 

Solano 

Grant 

Walsh 

OjlTee 

Craig 

Grant 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Keya  Paha 

Harrison 

Horry 

Shell>y 

Shelby 

Rockingham.... 

Grant 

Morton 

Lincoln 

Hartford 

Oglethorpe 

Jewell 

Chautauqua 


Westchester.. 

Owyhee 

Bulloch 

Wavne 

Deiit 

Sevier. 

Marshall 

Lyon 

Monona 

Plymouth 

Yellow  Med.. 

Woodbury 

Woodbury.... 
Minnehaha... 
Minnehaha... 
Buena  Vista.. 
Jackson 


PopuUtloo. 


1880.      1890. 


44.3 
121 


693 
185 


6,040 


1,312 
1,186 

388 

i.ing 

620 
857 
499 
084 
381 
1,391 
476 


421 
1,0:J6 
1,487 
2,155 
1,238 


711 
958 


640 


534 
45 
296 
673 
995 
268 
2M> 
584 
9 
1,105 


1,046 
1,523 
2,263 


229 
2,036 
1,921 


497 

690 

69i 

1,064 

978 


1,685 
2,42ii 
2,577 
253 
l,83;i 
1,185 


1,830 

2,088 

584 

540 


6,678 


1,8G4 
32K 
661 


40 
182 
274 
171 

7,845 
7,306 


2,164 
181 
89 


680 

27 

3«2 

683 

43.3 

324 

27 

342 

2,268 

2,102 

264 

677 

646 

144 

1,217 

1,896 

6;i0 

473 

713 

1,226 

621 

859 

657 

970 

694 

480 

729 

1,678 

1,979 

2,317 

1,620 

241 

772 

1,008 

693 

212 

945 

51 

670 

263 

684 

&38 

882 

256 

469 

518 

264 

866 

142 

043 

908 

177 

2,427 

2,005 

54 

611 

1,731 

1,869 

29 

271 

692 

933 

643 

1,524 

1,055 

251 

1,777 

2,746 

1,429 

290 

2,268 

1,826 

249 

248 

1,874 

1,924 

644 

610 

12 

9,352 

41 

1,3.36 

1,983 

402 

693 

183 

264 

393 

354 

392 

38,219 

37,800 

10,438 

10,177 

650 

327 


Name  of  place  and 
•Ute. 


Sioux  Valley,  S.D 

Sissuton,  S.D 

Sisson,  Cal 

Sissoii,  Mo 

Sistersville,  W.  Va 

Sitka,  Alaska 

Sitka.  Kun 

Siiislaw,  Ore 

Siverlv,  Pa 

Sixes,  Ga 

Six  Mile,  Ala 

Six  Mile,  Ark 

Six  Mile,  III 

Six  Mile  Grove,  Minn.. 

Six  Pound,  N.C 

Sixth,  Ga 

Sixth,  Ga 

Sixth,  Ga 

Sixth,  Ga. 

Sixth,  Ga 

SIzemoore,  Ala 

Skalkuho,  Mont 

Skandia,  Minn 

Skane,  Minn 

Skaneateles,  N.Y 

Skaneateles,  N.Y 

Skeinah,  Ga 

Skelton,  Ind 

Skin  Creek,  W.Va. 

Skinncrsville,  N.C 

Skippack,  Pa 

Skipperville,  Ala 

Skowhegan,  Me 

Skree,  Minn 

Skull  Creek,  Neli« 

Slab  Fork,  W.  Va 

Slab  Fork,  W.  Va 

Slate,  Ky 

Slate,  W.  Va 

Slater,  Mo , 

Slate  Range.  Cal , 

Slate  River,  Va , 

Slatersville,  Utah , 

Slatington,  Pa 

Slaughter,  Wash , 

Sluuj;hterville,  Ky 

Slaughterville,  Ky 

Slayton,  Mini 

Slayton,  Minn 

Sledge  Island,  Alaska., 
Sleepy  Creek,  W.  Va... 

Sleepy  Eye,  Minn 

Sleepy  Hole,  Va 

Sleepy  Hollow,  S.C 

Slettin,  Minn 

Slick  Ford,  Ky 

Slick  Rock,  Ky 

Siidell,  La 

Sligo.  Ga 

Sligo,  Mo 

Sligo,  Pa 

Slippery  Rock,  Pa, 

Slippery  Rock,  Pa 

Sloan,  Iowa 

Sloan,  Iowa 

Slocum,  Pa 

Sloss,  Ala 

Slough,  Ala 

Slough,  Neb 

Smackover,  Ark 

Smallwood,  III 

Smelly,  Ala 

Snielser,  Wis 

Smelter,  Mont 

Smelter,  N.M 

Smethport,  Pa 

Smicksburg,  Pa 

Smith,  Ark 

Smith,  Ark 

Smith,  Ark 

Smith,  Ark 

Smith,  Ga 

Smith,  Ga 

Smith,  Ga 

Smith,  Ga 

Smith,  Ind 

Smith,  Ind 

Smith,  Ind 

Smith,  Kan 

Smith,  Ky 

Smith,  Mo 

Smith,  Mo 

Smith,  Mo 

Smith,  Mo 

Smith,  N.C 

Smith,  N.C 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vlll 

township 

post-prect 

post-boro' 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

townsiiip 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

|x>st-vill 

mil.-dist 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

township 

mag.-dint 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

mng.-dist 

post-prect 

lK)st-boro' 

post-vlll 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

liamlet 

niac.-<1i8t 

Iifist-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

|X)st-town 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-boro' 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


Coanty. 


Union 

Marshall.. 
Siskiyou . 
Howell.... 
Tyler 


Clark 

Lane. 

Venango 

Cherokee 

Bibb 

Logan 

Franklin 

Swift 

Warren.. 

Bartow 

Coweta 

Fayette 

Henry 

Houston 

Lamar 

Missoula 

Murray , 

Kittsim 

Onondaga 

Onondaga 

Fannin 

Warrick 

Lewis 

Washington., 
Montgomery 

Dale 

Somerset 

<;iay 

Butler 

Raleigh 

Wyoming 

Menifee 

Wood 

Saline 

Yuba 

Buckingham ... 

Weber 

Lehigh 

King 

Webster. 

Welister 

Murray 

Murray 


Morgan 

Brown 

Naiisemond 

Aiken 

Polk 

Wayne 

Barren 

SaintTammany 

Dude 

Dent... 

Clarion 

Butler 

Lawrence... 
Woodbury.. 
Woodbury.. 

Luzerne 

Jefferson 

Limestone.. 

Pierce... 

Ouachita 

Jasper 

Talladega... 

Grant 

Cascade 

Socorro 

McKean 

Indiana 

Cleveland... 

Cross , 

Pallas 

Lincoln 

Hart 

Johnson 

Laurens 

Twiggs 

Greene 

Posey 

Whitley 

Thomas , 

Marshall 

Orroll , 

Dade 

Laclede , 

Worth 

Duplin 

BobesoD 


Populutioo. 


1880.      1890, 


873 
386 


279 

607 

600 

999 

1,121 

883 

269 

2,127 

884 

1,T«J 

1,112 

1,103 

1,651 


197 


4,866 
1,609 
491 
1,641 
1,413 
1,058 


1,460 
3,860 


659 
813 
672 

1,153 

1,067 
771 
713 

2,874 
328 

1,634 


2,008 
269 
188 


54(] 

997 

2,810 

1,931 


1,857 
1,022 


242 


543 
1,007 
1,741 

310 


377 


110 

831 

1,106 


1,283 


872 

221 

1,197 

1,963 

1,122 

993 

1,075 

312 

1,431 

826 

801 

1,105 

1,892 


1,000 


741 
621 

1,509 
852 

2,244 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


l^ume  of  place  and 
state. 


Smith,  0 

Smith,  0 

Smith,  Pa 

Smith,  S.D 

Smith,  Tenn 

Smith  &  Jordan,  Ga 

Siiiithborougli,  III 

Smith  Briilge,  N.C 

Smith  Centre,  Kan 

Suiitli  Creek,  N.C 

Smith  Cross  Roads,  Ga. 

Smithlield,  Ga 

Smithfiuld,  Iiid 

Smitlifieid,  Tuwa 

Smithtield,  Me 

Smithfield,  N.Y 

Smitlifieid,  N.C 

Smithfield,  N.C 

Smithfield,  0 

Smithfield,  0 

Smithfield,  Pa 

Smithfield,  Pa 

Smithfield,  Pa 

Smithfield,  R.I 

Smithfield,  Utah 

Smithfield,  Utah 

Smithfield,  Va 

Smithfield,  W.  Va 

Smitli  Grove,  Ky 

Smith  Island,  Md 

Smith  Island,  Wash 

Smithland,  Iowa 

Smithland,  Ky 

Smithland,  Ky 

Smith  Mountain,  Cal... 
Smith  Prairie,  Idaho.... 

Smith  River,  Cal 

Smith  River,  Va 

Smithsburg,  Md 

Smith's  Mills,  Ky 

Sinithton,  111 

Smithton,  III 

Smithton,  Mo 

Smithton,  Mo 

Smithtown,  N.Y 

Smithville,  Ga 

Smithville,  Mo 

Smithville,  N.Y 

Smithville,  N.C 

Smithville,  0 

Smithville,  S.C 

Smithville,  S.C 

Smithville,  Tenn 

Smithville,  Tex 

Smithville,  Utah 

Smokey,  Tenn 

Smoky,  Kan 

Smoky  Creek,  N.C 

Smoky  Hill,  Kan 

Smoky  Hill,  Kan 

Smoky  Hill,  Kan 

Smoky  Hill,  Kan 

Smoky  View,  Kan 

Smolan,  Kan 

Smyly,  .\la _ 

Smyrna,  Del 

Smyrna,  Ga 

Smyrna,  Ga 

Smyrna,  Ind 

Smyrna,  Me 

Smyrna,  N.Y 

Smyrna,  N.C 

Snake,  Neb 

Snake  Bite,  N.C 

Snake  Creek,  Neb 

Snake  Creek,  Neb 

Snake  River,  Ore 

Snake  Spring,  Pa 

Sneedville,  Tenn 

Sniabar,  Mo , 

Sniabar,  Mo 

Snohomish,  Wash , 

Snohomish,  Wash , 

Snow  Creek,  N.C 

Snow  Creek,  N.C 

Snow  Creek,  Va 

Snowden,  Pa 

Snow  Hill,  Ala 

Snow  Hill, Mo 

Snow  Hill,  Md 

Snow  Hill,  Md 

Snow  Hill,  N.C 

Snow  Hill,  N.C 

Snow  Shoe,  Pa 

Snowville,  Utah 

Snyder,  Col 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

civil-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

district 

precinct 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

post-twp 

mng.-dist 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-prect 

civil-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

precinct 

city 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-prect 

township 

district 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-prect 


County.  ■ 


Belmont 

Mahoning , 

Washington..., 

Brul6 , 

Gibson , 

Jasper 

Bond 

Macon , 

Smith 

Warren 

Harris 

Carroll 

De  Kalb 

Fayette 

Somerset 

Madison 

Johnston 

Johnston 

Jefferson , 

Jefferson. 

Biadford 

Huntingdon .., 

Monroe 

Providence 

Cache , 

Cache , 

Isle  of  Wight.. 

Roane 

Warren 

Somerset 

San  Juan 

Woodbury 

Livingston 

Livingston 

San  Diego 

BImore 

Del  Norte 

Patrick 

Washington... 

Henderson 

Saint  Clair .... 
Saint  Clair .... 

Pettis 

Pettis 

Suffolk 

Lee 

Clay 

Chenango 

Brunswick .... 

Wayne 

Abbeville 

Marlboro 

DeKalb 

Bastrop 

Millard 

Scott 

Sherman 

Bnrke 

Ellis 

Geary 

McPherson.... 

Saline 

Saline 

Saline 

Dallas 

Kent 

Cobb 

Cobb 

Jefferson 

Aroostook 

Chenango 

Carteret 

Cherry 

Bertie 

Boxbutte 

Sioux 

Malheur 

Bedford 

Hancock 

Jackson 

Lafayette 

Snohomish 

Snohomish 

Mitchell , 

Stokes 

Franklin 

Alleghany 

Wilcox 

Lincoln 

Worcester 

Worcester 

Greene 

Greene 

Centre 

Box  Elder 

Morgan 


Population. 


1,977 
1,941 
2,449 


1,230 
685 
40 
890 
2.'i4 

],:ioa 

1,2U0 
92« 

1,423 
701 
604 

1,220 

3,522 
485 

1,8H7 
529 

1,826 


1,007 

3,085 

1,177 

209 

814 

1,650 

3,589 

458 


510 
4,110 

433 
2,538 


400 
1,237 

307 
2,249 
1,943 

231 
1,492 
2,U6 

546 
2,106 
2,630 


265 

1,074 

1,177 

7.50 

940 

842 

718 

2,42:5 

1,087 

259 

961 

237 

1,651 

863 


1,271 


716 

157 

3,908 

1,0:47 


149 

7&5 
2,:575 
2,705 
1,2.59 
3,862 

888 
3,427 
1,276 
1,703 

3:12 
1,410 

197 


1,800 

1,913 

1,592 

162 

1,280 

066 

393 

1,123 

767 

1,120 

1,188 

078 

1,279 

677 

479 

1,043 

2,802 

550 

1,881 

0:19 

1,630 

621 

1,099 

2,500 

1,080 

246 

891 

2,105 

3,273 

534 

8 

369 

1,647 

641 

61 

17 

709 

4,663 

487 

1,807 

1,753 

411 

1,347 

309 

3,357 

l,t)40 

372 

1,318 

2,295 

482 

2,638 

2,744 

672 

616 

170 

25:5 

615 

297 

280 

2,143 

1,086 

021 

1,187 

078 

069 

2,4.55 

1,430 

416 

867 

303 

1,396 

972 

117 

1,667 

246 

26 

47 

774 

1.56 

4,283 

2,098 

2,469 

1,993 

1,069 

2,313 

2,4.59 

760 

3,2:i6 

880 

3,597 

1,483 

1,059 

283 

2,397 

175 

69 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Snyder,  Pa 

Snyder,  Pa 

Snyder,  Tex 

Suydertown,  Pa 

Soap  Creek,  Iowa 

Soap  Creek,  Ore 

Socasteo,  S.C 

Soccopatoy,  Ala 

Social  Circle,  Ga 

Social  Circle,  Ga 

Society  Mill,  Ala 

Society  Hill,  S.C 

Socorro,  N.M , 

Socorro,  Tex 

Soda  Springs,  Idaho. 
Soda  Springs,  Ore..  . 

Sodaville,  Ore 

Soddy,Tenn 

Sodus,  Mich 

Sodus,  Minn 

Sodus,  N.Y 

Sodus,  N.Y 

Sodville,  Kan 

Soldier,  Idaho 

Soldier,  Iowa 

Soldier,  Iowa 

Soldier,  Kan 

Soldier,  Kan 

Soldier,  Kan 

Soldier  Creek,  Mont. 

Solebury,  Pa 

Soledad,  Cal 

Soledad,  Cal 

Sidedad,  Cal 

Solem,  Minn 

Solomon,  Kan 

Solomon,  Kan 

Solomon,  Kan 

Solomon,  Kan 

Solomon,  Kan 

Solomon,  Kan 

Solomon  City,  Kan.. 
Solomon  Rapids,  Kan... 
Solomonsville,  Ariz. 

Solon,  Iowa 

Solon,  Me 

Solon,  Mich 

Solon,  Mich 

Solon,  N.Y 

Solon,  0 

Solvay,  N.Y 

Somer,  III 

Somers,  Conn 

SomerK,  N.Y 

Somers,  N.C 

Somers,  0 

Somers,  Wis 

Somerset,  111 

Somerset,  Ky.- 

Somerset,  Ky 

Somerset,  Mass 

Somerset,  Mich 

Somerset,  Minn 

Somerset,  Mo 

Somerset,  Neb 

Somerset,  N.Y 

Somerset,  0 

Somerset,  0 

Somerset,  Pa 

Somerset,  Pa 

Somerset,  Pa 

Somerset,  Vt 

Somerset.  Wis 

Somersville,  Cal 

Somersworth,  N.H... 
Somerville,  &c.,  Ala, 

Somerville,  Me 

Somerville,  Mass 

Somerville,  N.J 

Somerville,  0 

Somerville,  Tenn.... 

Somonauk,  111 

Somonauk,  III 

Songer,  III 

Sonoma,  Cal 

Sonoma,  Cal 

Sonora,  Cal 

Sonora,  III 

Sonora,  Ky 

Sonoraville,  Ga 

Sopchoppy,  Fla 

Sopris,  Col 

Soquel,Cal 

Sorento,  III 

Sorghotown,  Ky 

Sorrento,  Fla. 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

post-town 

post-boro' 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

|)ost-twp 

post  vill 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

city 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

|)OSt-Till 

township 
post-boro' 
township 
post-town 
post-twp 
post-town 
township 
post-prect 
post-town 
city 

post-boro' 
post-vill 
post-town 
township 
post-vill 
township 
township 
post-vill 
post-town 
post-twp 
post-town 
mil.-dist 
post-prect 
post-town 
post-twp 
lX)Bt-vill 
mag.-dist 
1  post-prect 


County. 


Blair 

Jefterson 

Scurry 

Northumberl'd 

Davis 

Benton 

Horry 

(Joosa 

Walton 

Walton 

Macon 

Darlington 

Socorro 

El  Paso 

Bingham 

Clackamas 

Linn 

Hamilton 

Berrien... 

Lyon 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Ford 

Logan 

Crawford 

Monona 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Shawnee 

Cascade 

Bucks 

Los  Angeles 

Monterey 

Monterey 

Douglas 

Cloud 

Graham 

Norton 

Phillips 

Saline 

Sheridan 

Dickinson 

Mitchell 

Graham 

Johnson 

Somerset 

Kent 

Leelanaw 

Cortland 

Cuyahoga 

Onondaga 

Champaign 

Tolland 

Westchester 

Wilkes 

Preble 

Kenosha 

Jackson 

Pulaski 

Pulaski 

Bristol 

Hillsdale 

Steele 

Mercer 

Lincoln 

Niagara 

Belmont , 

Perry , 

Somerset , 

Somerset , 

Washington...., 

Windham , 

St.  Croix , 

Contra  Costa..., 

Strafford 

Morgan 

Lincoln.. 

Middlesex 

Somerset 

Butler 

Fayette.... 

De  Kalb 

De  Kalb 

Clay 

Sonoma 

Sonoma 

Tuolumne 

Hancock. 

Hardin 

Gordon 

Wakulla 

Las  Animas.... 

Santa  Cruz 

Bond 

Daviess 

,  Lake...., v.. 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


1,424 
1,048 


209 

993 

549 

1,258 

1,135 

2,044 

606 

l,:«i 
2,664 


191 

50 
454 
900 
213 
6,285 
842 


297 
3S1 
599 
98 
2,621 


2,648 
412 


136 

353 

1,073 


618 
637 
175 
383 
1,013 
1,693 
303 
842 
807 

'i',159 
1,242 
1,630 
883 
2,233 
1,458 
1,473 


805 
2,006 
1,356 

811 
1,123 


2,015 
2,241 
1,207 
3,276 
1,197 

983 
67 

908 


5,580 


639 

24,933 

3,105 

370 

834 
3,805 

587 
1,000 
2,153 


1,492 
1,401 

289 
1,231 

542 


1,162 

207 


CITIBS,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Ktmv  of  place  and 
■Ule. 


Soutlerton,  P»„ 

Suiilh,  (^1 

Suutli,  Iowa. 

Soutli,  Mu 

tjtxilh  Ablngton,  Pa 

Suuih  Aniboy,  N.J 

8uulh  Araerica,  Ky 

lk>utliHiiiptoii,  Mass 

8t'Utliniii|>tun,  N.J 

Soulliiunptuii,  N.Y 

8outliitiiiptuii,  Pa 

SuuOiaiiiptun,  I'a 

Sout)iaiiii>toii,  Pa 

Sout)iRm|iton,  Pa 

Southninpton,  Pa 

South  Ann,  Mich 

South  Auuville,  Pa 

South  Bearer,  Pa. 

8out)i  Deiid,  Gil 

South  Itend,  Iiid 

South  UenU,  Knn 

South  UeniJ,  Minu 

South  Henil,  Neb 

South  Bend,  Neb 

South  Kend,  Pa 

South  Berwick,  Me 

South  Bethlehem,  Pa... 
South  Bethlehem,  Pa... 

South  llioomfleld,  0 

South  Bloonifield,  0 

Southborough,  Matia 

South  Boston,  Va 

South  Boulder,  Col 

South  Branch,  Mich.,.. 
South  Branch,  Mich.... 
South  Bntnch,  Minn.... 

South  Brunch,  Neb 

South  Branch,  Neb 

South  Branch,  Neb 

Southbridge,  Mass 

South  Bristol,  N.Y 

South  Brook,  Minn 

South  Brunswick,  N.J.. 

South  Buffalo,  Pa 

South  Burlington,  Vt... 

Soutliliury,  Conn 

South  Butler,  Ala 

South  Butler,  Mont 

South  Canaan,  Pa 

South  Canon,  Col 

South  Carrollton,  Ky... 
South  Carrollton,  Ky... 
South  Carrollton,  Mo... 

South  Charleston,  0 

South  Chester,  Pa 

South  Clinton,  N.C 

South  Corvallia,  Ore 

South  Cottonwood, 

Utah 

South  Coventry,  Pa 

South  Covington,  Ky... 

South  Creek,  Pa 

South  Danville,  III 

South  Delphi,  Ind 

South  Denver,  Col 

South  Derry,  Pa 

South  Divide,  Neb 

South  Dixon,  111 

Southeast,  Ind 

Southeast,  Miss 

Southeast,  Mias 

Southeast,  Mia 

Soutlieiist,  Bliss 

Southeast,  N.Y 

Southeast  Greeley,  Col. 

South  Easton,  Pa 

South  Klgin,  111 

South  Klkhorn,  Ky 

Southern,  111 

South  Fayette,  Pa. 

Southfield,  Mich 

Southfield,  N.Y 

South  Florence,  Ala.... 

Sonth  Fork,  Ark 

South  Fork,  Ark 

South  Fork,  Ark 

South  Fork,  CaU 

South  Fork,  Cal 

South  Fork,  111 

South  Fork,  Iowa 

South  Fork,  Iowa 

South  Fork,  Iowa 

South  Fork,  Ky 

South  Fork,  Mo 

South  Fork,  Mo 

Sonth  Fork,  Neb 

208 


Rank  of 
place. 


|io«t-boro' 

towiisliip 

township 

township 

township 

poHt-twp 

precinct 

|)o8t-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

poettwp 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

city 

townsliip 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

borough 

post-boro" 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

poet-town 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 

post-twp 

precinct 

niag.-diet 

post-vill 

village 

post-vill 

borough 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

village 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

beat 

beat 

beat 

beat 

townsliip 

prpcinct 

borough 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

townsliip 

poet-twp 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 


ODunty. 


Montgomery... 

Siskiyou 

Madison 

Dade 

Lackawanna... 

Middle.ex 

Whitley 

Uampsiilie 

Burlington 

Suffolk 

Bedford 

Bucks 

Cumberland 

Franklin 

Somerset 

Charlevoix 

Lebanon 

Beaver 

Fulton 

Saint  Joseph.... 

Itarton 

Blue  Karth 

Cass 

Cass 

Armstrong  ..... 

York 

Armstrong 

Northampton... 

Morrow , 

Pickaway 

Worcester 

Halifax 

Boulder 

Crawford 

Wexford 

Watonwan 

Nance 

Otoe 

Pierce 

Worcester 

Ontario 

Cottonwood 

Middlesex 

Armstrong 

Chittenden 

New  Haven 

Butler 

Silver  Bow 

Wayne , 

Fremont 

Muhlenberg.... 

Muhlenberg 

Carroll 

Clarke 

Delaware 

Siuupson 

Benton 


Salt  Lake 

Chester 

Kenton 

Bradford 

Vermilion 

Carroll 

Arapahoe 

Mifflin..- 

Kimball 

Lee 

Orange 

Jackson 

Jasper 

Jones 

Winston 

Putnam 

Weld 

Northampton... 

Kane 

Fayette 

Williamson 

Alleghany 

Oakland 

Itichmond 

Colbert 

Clark 

Fulton 

Montgomery  ... 

Humboldt. 

Trinity 

Christian 

Delaware.- 

Jackson 

Wayne 

Powell 

Howell 

Monroe 

Pawnee 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


1,374 
1,016 
1,143 
U23 
3,048 


1,U46 
V!,2GU 
0,aS2 
1,200 
1,435 
1,902 
1,738 
029 
737 
1,809 
1.025 


13,280 
29(1 
514 
741 
232 
1,151 
2,677 


4,925 
1,1167 

3(13 
2,142 

328 


192 


189 


316 

206 
6,464 
1,327 

211 
2,803 
1,715 

604 
1,740 

858 


1,176 


3,297 
493 
351 
932 

3,064 


1,288 
609 


1,113 

718 


373 
1,644 
3,654 
3,633 

465 
2,043 
3,500 


4,.534 


1,874 

1,647 

1,765 

l,6:i4 

4,980 

1,962 

1,329 

842 

850 

809 

358 

1,600 

1,758 

2,326 

917 

1,033 

1,059 

1,614 

786 


679 

448 

1,190 

931 

1,083 

4,330 

880 

1,017 

1,849 

8,200 

1,006 

1,637 

1,917 

1,574 

749 

2,103 

1,806 

926 

1,980 

21,810 

368 

647 

698 

132 

1,016 

3,434 

111 

10,:«)2 

1,048 

272 

■2,114 

1,789 

80 

106 

176 

380 

279 

673 

552 

7,665 

1,226 

203 

2,403 

1,634 

846 

1,089 

884 

801 

1,007 

801 

2,361 

626 

177 

1,041 

7,U76 

1,6.">9 

244 

1,961 

493 

1,003 

9:i5 

799 

168 

1,491 

1,208 

47 

841 

1,789 

6,228 

4,504 

597 

2,643 

4,082 

92 

6,616 

506 

2,016 

1,7:J0 

2,484 

1,444 

6,044 

1,546 

1,411 

997 

712 

955 

467 

1,606 

1,703 

1,217 

843 

1,397 

2,129 

1,496 

1,137 


Kame  of  place  and 
■tate. 


South  Fork,  Neb 

South  Fork,  N.C 

South  Fork,  N.C 

South  Fork,  Ore 

South  Fork,  Pa. 

South  Fork,  W.  Va 

South  Fort  Collins,  Col. 
South  Glens  Falls,  N.Y. 
South  Greenfield,  Mo... 

South  Grove,  III 

South  Hadley,  Mass 

South  Hampton,  N.II.. 

South  Hanover,  Pa 

South  Harrison,  N.J.... 

South  Haven,  Kan 

South  Haven,  Kan 

South  Haven,  Mich 

South  Haven,  Mich 

South  Hero,  Vt 

South  Highlands,  &c.. 

Col 

South  Hill,  Va 

Soutli  Holland.  Ill 

South  Homer,  111 

South  Huntingdon,  Pa. 
South  HutcliiiisoB,Kan 

Southiiigton,  Conn 

Soulliington,  0 

South  Jiick8onville,FIa. 
Sonth  Kingstiiii,  R.I. ... 
South  Knoxville,  Tenii. 
South  Las  Vegas,  N.M. 

South  Lebanon,  Pa 

South  Litchfield,  111 

South  Louisville,  Ky... 

South  Loup,  Neb 

Soutli  Lowell,  Ala 

South  Lyon,  Mich 

South  McMinnville,Ore 

South  Macon.  Ill 

South  Mahoning,  Pa.... 

South  Mauheim,  Pa 

South  Mani8tiqiie,Micli 
South  Manitou,  Mich... 
South  Marion,  &c..  Mo. 
South  Middleton,  Pa.... 

South  Milford,  Del 

South  Mills,  N.C 

South  Mills,  N.C 

South  Moline,  111 

South  Moniteau,  Mo.... 
South  Slorgantown, 

W.  Va 

South  Muddy,  III 

South  Murderkill,  Del.. 
South  Newmarket.N.U. 

South  Nyak,  NY 

South  Oceanside,  Cal... 

Southold,  N.Y 

South  Omaha,  Neb 

South  Orange,  N.J 

South  Orange,  N.J 

South  Ottawa,  III 

South  Otter,  111 

South  Palmyiu,  111 

South  Paris,  Me 

South  Pasadena,  Cal 

South  Pass,  Neb 

.South  Pendleton,  Ore... 

South  Peoria,  III 

South  Peru,  Ind 

South  Pittsburg,  Tenn. 

South  Platte,  Neb 

South  Platte,  Neb 

South  Point,  N.C 

Soutlii>ort,  Ind 

Southport,  Me 

Southport,  N.Y 

Southport,  N.C 

South  Portland,  <tc.,Ore 

South  Prairie,  Ore 

South  Prairie,  Wash.... 

South  Kenovo,  Pa 

South  River,  Mo 

South  River,  Va 

South  River,  Va 

Suuth  Riverside,  Cal.... 
South  Riverside,  Cal.... 
South  Rock  Island,  111. 

South  Roscoe,  Kan 

South  St.  Paul,  Minn... 

South  Salem,  0 

South  Salem,  Ore 

Suuth  San  Jacinto,  Cal. 
Soutli  Sharp  Creek, 

Kan 


Rank  of 
pWe. 


precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-boro' 

mug.'dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

|)OBt-town 

post  twp 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

|>oSt-vill 

township 

}ioet-vill 

post- town 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

)>ost-vill 

township 

township 

|)oet-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

(Kistprect 

(lost-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

hundred 

post-town 

village 

precinct 

post-town 

city 

township 

|>ost-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

village 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

city 

precinct 

precinct 

fiost-prect 

borough 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

village 

township 

city 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

township 


County. 


Saline 

Forsyth 

Tyrrel 

Grant 

Cambria 

Hardy 

Larimer 

Saratoga 

Dade 

De  Kalh 

Humpshire 

Uockinghum ... 

Dauphin 

Gloucester 

Sumner 

Sumner 

Van  Buren 

Van  Buren 

Grand  Isle 


Arapahoe 

Mecklenburg... 

Cook 

Cham|>aign 

Westmoreland.. 

Reno 

Hartford 

Trumbull 

Duval 

Washington 

Knox 

San  Miguel 

Lebanon 

Montgomery.... 

JefTerson 

Hall 

Walker 

Oakland...- 

Yam  Hill 

Macon 

Indiana 

Schuylkill 

Schoolcraft...... 

Manitou 

Christian 

Cumberland 

Sussex 

Camden 

Camden 

Rock  Island 

Howard 


Monongalia.. 

Jasper 

Kent 

Rockingham 

Rockland 

San  Diego 

Suffolk 

Douglas , 

Kssex 

f^ex 

La  Salle 

Macoupin 

Macoupin 

Oxford 

Los  Angeles. 

Lancaster 

Umatilla. 

Peoria....^..., 

Miami , 

Marion , 

Hall 

Hamilton 

Gaston 

Marion 

Lincoln 

Chemung 

Brunswick.... 
Multnomah.. 
Tellamook.-. 

Pierce 

Clinton 

Marion , 

Augusta 

Rockbridge.., 
San  Bernardino 
San  Bernardino 
Rock  Island, 
Hodgman.. ., 

Dakota 

Ross 

Marion , 

San  Diego..., 


McPherson  . 


Population. 


1880.      1800. 


649 

1,469 
180 
97 


1,515 


l,08;i 


779 
3,628 

383 
1,205 


1,'J14 

124 

2,240 

1,442 

620 


2,657 


2,200 
3,005 


6.411 
916 


5,114 


2,117 
955 


1,611 

1,369 

906 


2,864 
1,034 
2,433 


2,084 


i,oo:i 

4,604 
829 


7,207 


3,911 
2,178 
1,289 
1,110 
l,47.i 
815 


1.013 


254 
1,045 


4.V2 
3, 6:18 

388 

679 
3,619 
1,(MJ8 
17,677 

183 


726 
5,074 
3,059 


489 
299 
838 


370 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   KETURNS   OP   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


South  Shenango,  Pa 

South  Shore,  Fla 

Southside,  Kan 

Southaide,  Mitiu 

South  Side,  Va 

South  Siuux  City,  Neb- 
South  Slough,  Ore 

South  Solon,  O 

South  Spriugficld,  111... 
Soutli  Spring  Uivcr, 

NM 

South  Stillwater,  Minn. 

South  Strabaiie,  Pa 

South  Sugar  Loar,  Ark. 
South  Thomnstou,  Me.. 

Soutli  Toe,  N.C 

South  Tualatin,  Ore 

South  Union,  Pa 

South  Vallev,  N.Y 

South  Valley.  N.D 

South  Versailles,  Pa 

South  Wabash,  lud 

South  Warner,  Ore 

Soulh  Waverly,  Pa 

Soutli  Wayne,  Ind 

South  Wayne,  Wis 

South  Weber,  Utah 

South  Webster,  0 

Soutliwest,  III 

Southwest,  Miss 

Southwest,  Miss 

Southwest,  Miss 

Southwest,  Mo 

Southwest,  N.C 

Southwest,  N.U 

South  West,  Pa 

South  West,  W.  Va 

Southwest  City,  Mo 

Southwestern,"  111 

Southwest  GieeIev,Col. 
Soulh  Whitehall,' Pa.... 

South  Whitley,  Ind 

Southwick,  Mass 

South  Williainsport,Pa. 
South  Windsor,  Conu... 

South  wood.  La 

South  Woodbury,  Pa.... 

Spadra,  Ark 

SpafTord,  N.Y 

Spalding,  Md 

Spalding,  Mich 

Spangle,  Wash 

Spanish  Creek,  Mont.... 

Spanish  Fork,  Utah 

Spanish  Fork,  Utah 

Sparkill,  N.Y 

Sparks,  Ga 

Sparland,  III 

Sparrow's  Point,  Md 

Sparta,  Ala 

Sparta,  Ga 

Sparta,  III 

Sparta,  III 

Sparta,  111 

Sparta,  Ind 

Sparta,  Ind 

Spai-ta,  Ky 

Spartfi,  Mich..... 

Siiarta,  Mich 

Sparta,  Minn 

Sparta,  Mo 

Sparta,  Neb 

Sparta,  N.J 

Sparta,  N.Y 

Sparta,  N.C 

Sparta,  N.C 

Sparta,  0 

Sparta,  Ore 

Sparta,  Pa 

Sparta,  Tenn 

Sparta,  Wis 

Sparta,  Wis 

Spartanburg,  S.C 

Spartanburg,  S.C 

Spartansburg,  Pa 

Spauldiiig,  Iowa 

Spaulding,  Mich 

Spaulding.  Neb 

Speaker,  Mich 

Spearflsh,S.D 

Spearman,  Ala 

Spearville,  Kan 

Speed  Mills,  Ala 

Speedwell,  Mo 

Speedwell,  Va 

Speight's  Bridge,  N.C... 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

precinct 

Uiwnsliip 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

|>08t-vill 

village 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

tiiwnship 

township 

township 

IM)st-vill 

precinct 

borough 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

l)ost-vill 

township 

beat 

beat 

beat 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

pi)8t-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-boro' 

l>ost-town 

village 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

district 

IHjst-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

preciuct 

city 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

post-town 

piecinct 

city 

township 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

l)OSt-prect 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

city 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

Uiwnship 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 


County. 


Crawford , 

Duval 

Kearney , 

Wright 

Appomattox., 

Dakota 

Coos 

Madison 

Sangamon.... 


Lincoln 

Washington 

Washington 

Cleburne 

Knox 

Yancey 

Washington 

Fayette 

Cattaraugus 

Rolette 

Alleghany 

Wabash 

Lake 

Bradford. 

Allen 

Lafayette 

Davis 

Scioto 

Crawford 

Jackson 

Jasper 

Jones 

Barton 

Lenoir 

Sargent 

Warren 

Doddridge 

McDonald 

Perry 

Weld 

Lehigh 

Whitley 

Hampden 

Lycoming 

llartford 

Ascension 

Bedford 

Johnson 

Onondaga 

Prince  George's 

Menominee 

Spokane 

Gallatin 

Utah 

Utah 

Ilockland 

Berrien 

Marshall 

Baltimore 

Conecuh 

Hancock 

Randolph 

Randolph 

Knox 

Dearborn 

Noble 

Gallatin 

Kent 

Kent 

Chippewa 

Christian 

Knox 

Sussex 

Livingston 

Alleghany 

Edgecombe 

Morrow 

Union 

Crawford 

White 

Monroe 

Monroe 

Spartanburg.... 
Spartanburg.... 

Crawford 

Union 

Saginaw 

Greeley 

Sanilac............ 

Lawrence 

Shelby 

Ford 

Pickens 

Saint  Clair 

Wythe 

Greene 


Population. 


312 
3,004 


601 
1,<>02 


1,771 
602 
377 

1,177 
995 


8S2 
198 


239 


314 

2,21 « 

1,9.39 

890 

440 


660 
1,393 

173 
1,084 


2,884 

408 

1,104 


1,902 


1,(W(I 
3,aJ5 
1,4.50 
1,«71 
1,131 
36 


2,304 
2,304 


375 


235 

848 

3,421 

1,754 

1,682 

l,76:i 

1,631 

473 

2,103 

507 

594 


2,274 
1,201 


1,620 
2:» 
235 

1,181 


1,072 

2,387 

7,521 

3,253 

486 

593 

413 


1,473 

170 

796 

718 

524 

1,133 

2,659 

2,493 


909 
1,030 
128 
706 
3,148 
603 
148 
345 
398 

198 

1,304 

3,079 

921 

1,.534 

609 

599 

3,740 

1,249 

32 

678 

507 

116 

1,082 

1,107 

285 

267 

323 

333 

3,406 

2,940 

1,940 

1,109 

528 

151 

1,195 

1,492 

707 

7.37 

1,347 

2,2(J4 

720 

914 

2,900 

1.736 

202 

l,6^i5 

2,686 

1,227 

1,677 

1,915 

303 

44 

2,6^6 

2,214 

816 

307 

471 

2,507 

173 

1,640 

3,415 

1,979 

1,293 

1,484 

1,401 

206 

2,639 

904 

821 

1,793 

300 

1,724 

1,136 

95 

1,409 

216 

146 

1,209 

712 

990 

2,79.5 

13,016 

6,544 

616 

671 

616 

356 

1,4.30 

678 

601 

555 

480 

1,120 

2,603 

1,404 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Spencer,  Ga 

Spencer,  Ind 

Spencer,  Ind 

Spencer,  Ind 

Spencer,  Iowa 

Spencer,  Iowa 

Spencer,  Mass 

Spencer,  Mich 

Spencer,  Mo 

Spencer,  Mo 

Spencer,  N.Y , 

Spencer,  N.Y 

Spencer,  0 

Si)encer,  0 

Si)encer,  0 

Spencer,  0 , 

Spencer,  0 , 

Spencer,  Ore , 

Spencer,  Tenn 

Spencer,  Tenn 

Spencer,  Va , 

Spencer,  W.  Va , 

Spencer,  W.  Va 

Spencer,  Wis , 

Spencer,  Wis 

Spencer  Brook,  Minn 

S|)encerport,  N.Y 

Spencerville,  0 

Sperry,  Iowa 

Spicelaiid,  Ind 

Spiceland,  Ind 

Spicer,  Neb , 

Spice  Valley,  Inil 

Spickardsville,  Mo 

Spillnian,  &c.,  Ky , 

Spink,  S.D 

Spirit  Lake,  Iowa 

Spirit  Lake,  Iowa 

Spirit  Lake,  S.D 

Spirit  Mound,  S.D 

Spivey,  Kan 

Split  Rock,  S.D 

Spokane  Falls,  Wash.... 

S|ioorier,  Wis 

Spottsville,  Ky 

Spottsville,  Ky 

Sprague,  Conn 

Sprague,  Mo 

Sprague,  Wash 

Sprague,  Ac,  Wash.... 
Sprague  River,  Ore.... 

Sprigg,  0 

SpHng,  Ark.... 

Spring,  III 

Spring,  Iowa 

Spring,  Kan 

Spring,  Kan 

Spring,  Pa 

Spring,  Pa 

Spring,  Pa 

Spring,  Pa 

Spring,  Pa 

Spring,  S.D 

Spring  Arbor,  Mich... 

Spring  Bank,  Neb 

Spring  Bay,  111 

Spring  Bay,  III 

Spring  Branch,  Neb... 

Springborough,  0 

Springborough,  Pa.... 
Spring  Branch,  Neb .. 
Spring  Brook,  Kan..... 
Spring  Brook,  Minn... 

Spring  Brook,  Pa 

Spring  Brook,  Wis 

Spring  City,  Pa 

Spring  City,  Tenn , 

Spring  City,  Utah , 

Spring  Creek,  Ala , 

Spring  Creek,  Ala 

Spring  Creek,  Ark 

Spring  Creek,  Ark 

Spring  Creek,  Ark , 

Spring  Creek,  Ark 

Spring  Creek,  Idaho.. 

Spring  Creek,  III 

Spring  Creek,  Iowa.... 
Spring  Creek,  Iowa.... 
Spring  Creek,  Iowa.... 

Spring  Creek,  Kan 

Spring  Creek,  Kan 

Spring  Creek,  Kan.... 
Spring  Creek,  Kan.... 
Spring  Creek,  Kan.... 

Spring  Creek,  Kan 

Spring  Creek,  Minn... 


Rank  of 
place. 


district 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

civil-dist 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

t<iwn8hip 

city 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

l>08t-town 

IK>St-tOWU 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

city 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

towiuhip 


County. 


Thomas.. . 
Harrison.. 
Jennings.. 
Owen 


Clay 

Clay 

Worcester 

Kent 

Pike 

Kails 

Tioga 

Tioga 

Allen 

Guernsey 

Hamilton 

Lucas 

Medina 

Lane 

Moore 

Van  Buren 

Powhatan 

Roane 

Roane 

Marathon 

Marathon 

Isanti 

Monroe 

Allen 

Clayton 

Henry 

Henry 

Richardson .... 

Lawrence 

Gruudy 

Allen 

Union 

Dickinson 

Dickinson 

Kingsbury 

Clay 

Kingman 

Minnehaha 

Spokane 

Washburn 

Henderson 

Henderson 

New  London  .. 

Bates 

Lincoln 

Pierce 

Klamath 

Adams 

Jefferson 

Boone 

Cherokee 

Butler 

Harper 

Berks 

Centre 

Crawford 

Perry 

Snyder 

Hand 

Jackson 

Dixon... 

Woodford 

Woodford 

Stanton 

Warren 

Crawford 

Wayne 

Sheridan 

Kittson 

Lackawanna... 

Dunn 

Chester 

Rhea 

San  Pete 

Cherokee 

Shelby 

Lee 

Lee 

Lincoln 

Phillips 

Logan 

Pike 

Black  Hawk... 

Mahaska 

Tama 

Coffey 

Cowley 

Greenwood 

Lane 

Pottawatomie.. 

Saline 

Norman 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,320 

1,803 

1,655 

1,392 

824 

7,460 

1,190 

2,021 

2,208 

2,382 

700 

1,046 

l,.'io2 

996 

686 

89s 

195 

4S0 

217 

2,444 

2,295 

226 

1,091 


295 
67(1 
532 

1,236 

2,039 
527 
691 

2,121 
3;i0 

1,860 


1,675 

448 

3,207 


118 
2,062 
C(K1 
945 
194 
743 
151 

2,:j4o 

2,235 
1,.524 
1,.538 


1,264 


658 
1,304 
1,112 


1,016 
984 


466 
2,508 


1,365 
707 


974 
516 
511 
295 


1,200 


940 

1,272 

1,410 

1,868 

2,293 

1,813 

8,747 

1,260 

1,897 

2,307 

2,211 

810 

2,444 

1,421 

1,.559 

642 

1,0<J8 

361 

603 

138 

1,904 

3,. 530 

431 

1,018 

526 

386 

695 

1,266 

1,128 

1,823 

637 

796 

1,843 

481 

1,693 

933 

394 

782 

496 

400 

205 

1,136 

19,922 

734 

1,659 

513 

1,106 

267 

1,689 

2,804 

119 

2,625 

605 

98;} 

416 

760 

407 

2,544 

3,190 

1,675 

1,340 

1,208 

217 

1,182 

649 

3:^9 

147 

458 

413 

490 

500 

300 

209 

756 

1,267 

1,797 

598 

1,044 

1,106 

994 

1,789 

64 

492 

2,812 

14i 

1,590 

589 

1,706 

1,376 

691 

678 

605 

125 

427 

817 

128 


209 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kama  of  place  and 
■Uto. 


Spring  Croek,  Mo 

Siiring  Creek,  Mu 

Spring  Creek,  Mo 

tipriiig  Creek,  Mo 

Spring  Creek,  Neb 

Spring  Creek,  Neb 

Spiiiig  Creek,  Neb 

Spiiiig  Creek,  Neb 

Spriug  Creek,  Neb 

Spring  Cret'k,  Nob 

Spring  Creek,  N.C 

Spring  Creek,  0 

Spring  Creek,  P« 

Spriug  Creek,  I'a 

Spring  CreeI<,SD 

Spring  Creek,  Wnali.... 
Spring  Creek,  W.  Va... 

Springdale,  Ark 

Springilale,  Ark 

Spriiigilule,  luwa 

Springdale,  Kan. 

Springilale,  Midi 

Springdale,  Minn 

Springdale,  Mont 

Spi-ingdale,  Neb 

Springdale,  Pa 

Springdale,  S.D 

Springdale,  S.D 

Spring  Dale,  Utali 

Springdale,  Utali 

Springdale,  Wig 

Springer,  N.M 

Springer,  N.D 

Springervillp,  Ariz 

Springfield,  Ala 

Springfield,  Ark 

Springfield,  Col , 

Springfield,  Hi 

Springfield,  III 

Springfield,  Ind , 

Springfield,  Ind 

Springfield,  Ind , 

Springfii'ld,  Ind 

Springfield,  Iowa 

Springfield,  Iowa 

Springfield,  Kan 

Springfield,  Ky 

Springfield,  Ky , 

Springfield,  Me 

Springfield,  Mass 

Springfield,  Midi , 

Springfield,  Midi , 

Springfield,  Minn. , 

Springfield,  Minn 

Siiringfield,  Mo 

Springfield,  Mo 

Springfield,  Neb 

Springfield,  N.U 

Springfield,  N.J 

Springfield,  N..I 

Springfield,  N.Y 

Springfield,  0 

Springfield,  O , 

Springfield,  0 

Springfield,  0 , 

Springfield,  0 

Springfield,  0 

Springfield,  0 , 

Springfield,  0 

Springfield,  0 

Springfield,  0 

Springfield,  0 

Springfield,  0 

Springfield,  Ore 

Springfield,  Ore 

Springfield,  Pa 

Springfield,  I'a 

Springfield,  I'a 

Springfiidd,  Pa 

Springfielii,  Pa 

Springfield,  Pa 

Springfield,  Pa 

Springfield,  Pa 

Springfield,  Pa 

Springfield,  S.C , 

Springfield,  S.D , 

Springfield,  Teun 

Springfield,  Vt 

Springfield,  Vt 

Springfield,  Va 

Springfield,  W.  Va 

Springfield,  W.  Va 

Springfield,  Wi8„ 

Springfield,  Wis < 

Springfield,  Wis , 

Springfield,  Wig , 

210 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

township 

|)oet-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

|K)8t-tWp 

townsliip 

townsliip 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

niag..<list 

township 

I>ost-vill 

post-twp 

townsliip 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

pt)8t-twp 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

[lOHt-town 

post-town 

township 

city 

townsliip 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

l>o8t-town 

city 

township 

townsliip 

post-vili 

township 

city 

township 

post  prect 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

towimhip 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

l)08t-vill 

city 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

mng.-dist 

mag.-fiist 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Dent. 

Douglas 

Maries 

Piiel|is 

Greeley 

Howard 

Jolinson 

Nuckoili 

Sheridan 

Tliayer. 

Madison 

Miami 

KIk 

Warren 

Moody 

Klikilat 

Wirt 

Washington.... 
Washington.... 

Cedar 

Sumner 

Manistee 

Redwood 

Park 

Valley 

Alleghany 

Lincoln 

Roberts 

Kniery 

Washington.... 

Dane 

Colfax 

Ransom 

A|iache 

Greene 

Conway 

Baca 

Sangamon 

Sangamon 

Allen 

Franklin 

La  Gmnge 

La  Porte 

Cedar 

Winneshiek.... 

Seward 

Wasliington.... 
Wasiiington.... 

Penobscot 

Hampden 

Kalkaska 

Oakland 

Brown 

Cottonwood..  .. 

Greene 

Henry 

Sarpy 

Sullivan 

Burlington 

Union 

Otsego 

Clarke 

Clarke 

Gallia 

Hamilton 

Jefferson 

Lucas 

Mahoning 

Muskingum 

Richland 

Ross 

Summit 

Williams 

Lane 

Ijane 

Bradford 

Bucks 

Delaware 

Erie , 

Fayette 

Huntingdon.... 

Mercer 

Montgomery... 

York 

Orangeburg.... 
Bon  Homme... 

Robert  son 

Windsor 

Windsor 

Page 

Hanip^ihire 

Monroe 

Dane 

Jackson 

Marquette 

St.  Croix 


Population. 


1880.      1800. 


3,1."« 
B7ft 
347 

1,621 
243 
22C 
646 
237 


472 
1,604 
1,082 

467 
1,309 


705 
1,266 
198 
1,862 
687 
102 
307 


738 


50 

1,006 


354 

1,174 

61 


3,481 
19,743 
1,8'.I9 
1,376 
1,017 
1,076 
1,402 
1,037 


3,853 

610 

878 

33,340 

404 

1,272 
167 
283 

6,522 
941 


732 

1,886 

844 

2,010 

24,455 

211,730 

1,782 

7,975 

817 

705 

2,474 

1,280 

1,617 

1,287 

2,332 

2,117 

771 

160 

1,516 

2,525 

1,772 

l,7i)2 

1,713 

816 

l,4(i4 

1,535 

1,854 


235 


3,144 

1,5«6 
2,277 
1,418 
2,066 
1,240 
838 
428 
1,372 


2,823 

8U6 

820 

1,8:12 

222 

441 

675 

652 

171 

769 

1,177 

2,184 

1,403 

1,463 

347 

2(i7 

964 

2,361 

006 

1,676 

531 

l(i5 

299 

61 

259 

997 

.378 

366 

12 

73 

1,120 

6(X) 

245 

443 

1,060 

240 

90 

4,702 

24,963 

1,861 

1,224 

1,051 

972 

931 

1,087 

347 

4,147 

642 

677 

44,179 

286 

1,064 

716 

272 

21,860 

922 

745 

640 

1,670 

959 

1,726 

34,845 

31,895 

1,735 

10,793 

922 

719 

2,397 

1,231 

1,366 

1,176 

1,966 

2,302 

876 

371 

1,3.59 

2,351 

2,436 

1,642 

1,7(4 

810 

1,368 

1,892 

1,912 

221 

302 

1,372 

2,881 

1,512 

2,4117 

1,.3.33 

2,183 

1,111 

903 

605 

1,431 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Springfork,  Ky 

Spring  Garden,  Ala 

Spring  Garden,  III 

Spring  Garden,  III 

Spring  Garden,  Neb 

Spring  Garden,  Pa 

Spring  Garden,  Pa. 

Spring  Glen,  Utah 

Spring  Green,  Wis 

Spring  Green,  Wig 

Spring  Grove,  III 

Spring  Grove,  Ind 

Spring  Grove,  Iowa. 

Spring  Grove,  Minu 

Spring  Grove,  Minn 

Spring  Grove,  Neb , 

Spring  Grove,  Pa 

Spring  Grove,  Wig , 

Spring  Hill,  Ala , 

Spring  Hill,  Ala , 

Spring  Hill,  Ala 

Spring  Hill,  Ala 

Spring  Hill.  Ala 

Spring  Mill,  Ala 

Spring  Hill,  Ark 

Spring  Hill,  ,\rk 

Spring  Hill,  Kan 

Spring  Hill,  Kan 

Spring  Hill,  Ky 

S|iriug  Hill,  La 

Spring  Hill,  La 

Spring  Hill,  Slinn 

Spring  Hili,  N.C 

Spring  Hill,  Pa 

Spring  Hill,  Pa 

Spring  Hill,  S.C 

Spring  Hills,  O 

Spring  Hills,  S.D 

Spring  Hollow,  Mo 

Spring  Hope,  N.C 

Spring  Lake,  III 

Spring  Lake,  Mich 

Spring  Lake,  Mich 

Spring  Lake,  Minn 

Spring  Lake,  Neb 

Spring  Lake,  S.D 

Spriug  Lake,  S.D 

Spring  Lake,  S.D 

Spriug  Lake,  S.D 

Spring  Lake,  S  D 

Spring  Lake,  Utah 

Spring  Lake,  Wis 

Spring  Mill,  Pa 

Spring  Place,  Ga 

Spring  Point,  111. 

Springport,  Mich 

Springport,  Mich 

Springport,  N.Y 

Spring  Prairie,  Wis 

Spring  Ranch,  Neb 

Spring  River,  Ark 

Spring  River,  Ark 

Spring  River,  Mo 

Spring  Rock,  Iowa 

Springs,  Mont 

Springtown,  Tex 

Springvale,  Iowa 

Springvale,  Kan 

Springvule,  Mich 

Springvale,  Minn 

Springvale,  S.D 

Springvale,  Wis 

Springvale,  Wis 

Spring  Valley,  Ala 

Spring  Valley,  Cal 

Spring  Valley,  Col 

Spring  Valley,  III 

Spring  Valley,  Iowa 

Spring  Valley,  Iowa 

Spring  Valley,  Iowa.... 

Spring  Valley,  Kan 

Spring  Valley,  Kan 

Spring  Valley,  Minn.... 
Spring  Valley,  Minn.... 

Spring  Valley,  Miss 

Spring  Valley,  Mo 

Spring  Valley,  N.Y 

Spring  Valley,  0 

Spring  Valley,  0 

Spring  Valley,  Ore 

Spring  Valley,  S.D 

Spring  Valley,  S.D 

Spring  Valley,  Wis 

Springville,  Ala 

Springville,  Iowa 

Springville,  Ky 


Bank  of 
place. 


ning.-dist 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

borough 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

post-vill 

township 

iio  rough 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

city 

mag.-dist 

ward 

ward 

post-twp 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

posl-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

townsliip 

l)ost-twp 

township 

precinct 

township 

village 

pi>st-town 

township 

township 

posl-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

townsliip 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

city 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

beat 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post  vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-town 


County. 


Breathitt 

Cherokee , 

Jefl'erson 

Jefl'erson 

Furnas 

Alleghany.... 

York 

Emery 

Sauk 

Sauk 

Warren 

Wayne 

Linn 

Houston 

Houston 

Harlan 

York 

Green 

Barbour 

Butler 

Msrengo 

I'ickens 

Mobile 

Pike 

Drew 

Hempstead... 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Hickman , 

Rapides 

Vermilion , 

Stearns 

Wilson 

Fayette , 

Greene 

Sumter 

Champaign... 

Hand 

Laclede 

Nash 

Tazewell 

Ottawa 

Ottawa 

Scott 

Sheridan 

Hand 

Hanson 

Hyde 

Kingsbury.... 

Walworth , 

Utah 

Pierce.. 

Montgomery. 

Murray 

Cumberland.. 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Cayuga 

Walworth 

Clay 

Lawrence 

Randolph 

Lnwrence 

Clinton , 

Reaver  Head., 

Parker 

Humboldt 

Pratt 

Charlevoix 

Isanti 

Campbell 

Columbia  

Fond  du  Lac.. 

Colbert 

San  Diego 

Douglas 

Bureau 

Clinton 

Dallas 

Monona 

Cherokee 

Mcpherson.... 

Fillmore 

Fillmore 

Webster 

Shannon  ..>.... 

Rockland 

Greene 

Greene 

Polk 

Clark 

McCook 

Rock 

Saint  Clair 

Linn 

Greenup 


Population, 


1880.      1890, 


1,36:5 
158 
267 


4,110 


1,090 

450 

1,400 


1,028 

1,281 

293 


208 
1,166 
8,510 
1,288 
2,636 
1,332 

805 
1,010 

907 
2,549 
1,291 

502 

622 

l,:w 

1,340 

648 

935 

1,558 

1,721 

1,950 

161 


506 


939 
2,:H84 
1,372 
1,160 


1.57 

843 

788 

234 

875 

1,468 

386 

2,12^ 

1,10' 

44' 

649 

245 

1,463 

1,431 


166 
606 
83 
336 
350 


680 
1,15 
307 


1,8:!6 
457 

2,499 
668 
850 

1,256 

1,4X8 
209 
810 

1,562 
376 


1,172 

1,831 

365 

321 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   KETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
stiite. 


Spriiigville,  Mich 

Spriiigville,  N.Y 

Spriiigville,  Pa 

Spriiigville,  Utah 

Springville,  Utah 

Spriiigville,  Wis 

iSpiiiigwater,  Miun 

Spriiigwater,  N.Y 

Spriiigwater,  Ore 

Spriiigwater,  Wis 

Springwells,  Mich 

Spruce,  Mo 

Spruce  Grove,  Miun.... 

Spruce  Hill,  Minn 

Spruce  Hill,  Pa 

Spruce  Valley,  Minn.... 

Spurr,  Mich. 

Squaw,  Iowa 

Squaw  Grove,  III 

Squaw  Valley,  Cal 

Siygley,  Ala 

Stucyville,  Iowa 

Stafi'onl,  Ala 

Stafford,  Coun 

Stafford,  Ind 

Stafford,  Ind 

Staffurd,  Kan 

Stafford,  Kan 

Stafford,  N.J.. 

Stafford,  N.Y 

Stafford  Pond,  Fla 

Stafford  Springs,  Conn.. 

Stage  Pond,  Fla 

Staggs'  Creek,  N.C 

Stag  llall,  Ga 

Stambaugh,  Mich 

Stainftird,  Conn 

Stamford,  N.Y 

Siauiford,  N.Y 

Stamford,  N.Y 

Stamford,  Vt 

Siamp  Creek,  Ga 

Sfciuiper,  Ind 

Stanipiug  Grouml,  Ky.. 
Stamping  Ground,  Ky.. 

Stanaidsville,  Va 

Staiiiirdsvillo,  Va 

Stanberry,  Mo 

Stanclilield,  Minn 

Standard,  Tenn 

Standing  Rock,  Tenn... 

Standing  Stone,  Pa 

Standish,  Me 

Standish,  Mich 

Standish,  Mich 

Stanfold,  Wis 

Stanford,  111 

Stanford,  111 

Stanford,  Ky 

Stanford,  Ky.... 

Stanford,  Minn 

Stanley,  Ark 

Stanley,  Minn 

Stanley,  N.D 

Stanley,  Va 

Stanley,  Wis 

Stanley  Basin,  Idaho... 

Stun  Hard,  Vt 

Slansell,  Ga 

Stanton,  Del 

Stanton,  111 

Stanton,  Iowa 

Stanton,  Iowa 

Stnnton,  Kan 

Stanton,  Kan 

Stanton,  Kan 

Stanton,  Kan 

Stiintoii,  Ky 

Stanton,  Mich 

Stanton,  Minn 

Stanton,  Neb 

St'iiitoii,  Neb 

Stiinton,  Neb 

Stanton,  Neb 

Stanton,  Neb 

Stanton,  Wis 

Stanton,  Wis 

Stanton  Depot,  Tenn.... 

Stantonsburg,  N.C 

Stanwood,  Iowa 

Stanwood,  Wash 

Staples,  Minn 

Stapleton,  Ga 

Stapletoii,  Iowa 

Star,  Kan 

Star,  Mich 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

post-vill 

po.-«t-t\vp 

precinct 

city 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-proct 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-boro' 

poet-prect 

towiiKhip 

niil.-dist 

|X)st-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

niil.-dist 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

mag.-<list 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

village 

civil-dist 

post-twp 

|»ost-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

townsliip 

townshii) 

mag  -dist 

townsliip 

precinct 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

tovNiisliip 

post-twp 

township 

townsliip 

post-lirect 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

l)ost-town 

po>t-twp 

post-town 

I'ost-prect 

post-twp , 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Wexford 

Erie 

Susquehanna.. 

Utah 

Utah 

Adams 

Kock 

Livingston 

Clackamas 

Waushara. 

Wayne ...., 

Bates 

Becker 

Douglas 

Juniata 

Marshall 


Warren 

De  Kalb 

Siskiyou 

Colbert 

Mitchell, 

Cherokee 

Tolland 

Do  Kalb 

Greene 

Stafford 

Stafford 

Ocean 

Genesee 

Levy 

Tolland 

Citrus 

Ashe 

Warren 

Iron 

Fairfield 

Delaware 

Delaware 

Dutchess 

Bennington.. 

Bartow 

Orange 

Scott 

Scott 

Greene 

Greene 

Gentry 

Isanti 

Campbell 

Stewart 

Bradford 

Cumberland.. 

Arenac 

Arenac 

Barron 

Clay.., 

McLean 

Lincoln 

Lincoln 

Isanti 

Arkansas 

Lyon 

Cass 

Warwick 

Barron 

Custer 

Caledonia 

Newton 

New  Castle... 
Clinnipaign... 
Montgomery 

Plymouth 

Linn 

Miami  

Ottawa 

Stanton 

Powell 

Montcalm.... 

Goodhue 

Antelope 

Colfax 

Fillmore 

Stanton 

Stanton 

Dunn 

St.  Croix 

Haywood 

Wilson 

Cedar 

Snohomish.... 

Todd 

Jefferson 

Chickasaw,... 

Coffey 

Antrim 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


150 
1,227 
1,4IU 
2,3P2 
2,312 
437 
198 
2,279 


577 
7,!)6U 
1,124 


231 
1,007 


120 

807 

1,224 


4,45. 

609 

1,141 

870 


1,(X)8 

1,808 

308 

2,081 


1,287 
1,395 


11,297 
],0:J8 

822 
2,092 

720 

622 

921 
2,200 

233 
2,227 

308 
1,207 

491 


795 
815 

2,035 
802 
240 
564 

1,268 
3.53 

4,551 

1,213 
300 
110 
188 


697 


252 
1,189 
153 
1,057 
247 
528 
689 
904 


1,450 

1,70(1 
.512 


33:! 
4('3 

1,3S3 
248 
907 
752 
2.->4 

1,152 
254 


2,198 

l,-::87 
436 


306 

1,883 

1,177 

2,849 

2,849 

474 

415 

2,085 

291 

.541 

7,790 

1,002 

157 

630 

9*-. 

212 

209 

709 

1,314 

70 

446 

915 

461 

4,536 

476 

1,304 

1,075 

640 

1,095 

1,62.5 

209 

2,353 

92 

1,422 

1,719 

711 

16,700 

1,940 

819 

1,859 

645 

459 

1,001 

2,521 

311 

2,114 

33<l 

2,o:i5 

759 

359 

714 

758 

1,841 

883 

611 

689 

1,245 

389 

4,770 

1,385 

531 

217 

198 

704 

673 

748 

26 

239 

1,103 

229 

847 

399 

775 

6:« 

887 

610 

345 

1,6119 

1,352 

542 

273 

897 

6-.'3 

2,210 

857 

1,113 

758 

250 

9(J4 

302 

803 

842 

2,844 

1,234 

041 

880 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Star,  Ore 

Star,  S.D 

Starbuck,  Minn 

Star  City,  Ark. 

Star  Hill,  Ark 

Stark,  Me 

Stark,  Minn 

Stark,  Mo 

Stark,  N.H 

Stark,  N.Y 

Stark,  Wis 

Starke,  Fla 

Starke,  Fla 

Starkey,  Neb 

Starkey,  N.Y 

Starkey,  Ore 

Starksborough,  Vt 

Starkville,  Col 

Sturkville,  Miss 

Sar  Lake,  Minn 

Starlington,  Ala 

Star  Prairie,  Wis 

Starr,  Kan 

Starr,  O 

Starr,  S.D 

Starrucoa,  Pa 

State  Centre,  Iowa 

State  Centre,  Iowa 

State  Creek,  Ore 

State  Line,  Ga 

State  Line,  Ind 

State  Line,  Kan 

State  Line,  Miss 

Stately,  Minn 

Stateuville,  Ga 

State  Koad  Fork,Ky.... 

Statesborough,  Ga 

Slatesborongli,  Ga 

Statesburg,  S  C 

Statesville,  N.C 

Statesville,  N.C 

Station  Belden,  Tex 

Station  Camp,  Ky 

Staton,  Ky 

Staunton,  III 

Staunton,  III 

Staunton,  Ind 

Staunton,  0 

Staunton,  Va 

Staunton,  Va 

Staunton,  Va 

Staunton,  Va 

Stayton,  Ore 

Stayton.  Ore 

Steady  Run,  Iowa 

Steamboat,  Ore 

Steamboat  Bock,  Iowa 
Steamboat  Springs,  Col. 
Steamer  .Arctic,  Alaska 

Steam  Mill,  Ac,  Ga 

Stecoah,  N.C 

Steel,  Ark 

Steel  Creek,  Neb 

Steel  Creek,  N.C 

Steele,  Ind 

Steele,  N.C 

Steele,  N.C 

Steele,  N.D 

Steele,  W.  Va 

Steele  City,  Neb 

Steeleville,  111 

Steeleville,  III 

Steeley  Store,  Ala 

Steel  Station,  Ala 

Steelton,  Pa 

Steelville,  Mo 

Steen,  Ind 

Steene,  Neb 

Steen's  Creek,  Miss 

Steep  Creek,  Ala 

Steerpen,S.C 

Steilacoom,  WhsIi.. 

Sfeilacoom  City,  Wash. 

Steinauer,  Neb 

Steiner  Store,  Ala 

Stella,  Neb 

Stellaville,  Ga 

.Slellrtville,  Ga 

Stemple,  Mont 

Stemton,  Pa. 

Siena,  S.D 

Stephen,  Minn 

Stephens,  Ark 

Stephensburg,  Ky 

Stephens  City,  Va 

Stephenson,  III 


Rank  of 
place. 


precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

[Kist-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

|Kist-boro' 

township 

poet-vill 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

|io8t-beat 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

|>08l-t«p 

townshiji 

city 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

townsliip 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

city 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

inag.-diHt 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

ixjst-precl 

|iost-twp 

post-prect 

hamlet 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

township 

poBt-twp 

township 

township 

township 

city 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

post-boro' 

l>ost-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-beat 

preilnct 

township 

precinct 

post  vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

po.st-vill 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

jiost-town 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 


County. 


Malheur , 

Clay 

Pope 

Lincoln 

Washington  . 

Somerset 

Brown 

Hickory 

Coos 

Herkimer 

Vernon 

Bradford 

Bradford 

Hitchcock 

Yates 

Union 

Addison 

Las  Animas.. 
Oktibbeha.... 

Otter  Tail 

Butler 

St.  Croix 

Cloud 

Hocking 

Hutchinson... 

Wnyne 

Marshall 

Marshall 

Josepliine 

Heard 

Warren 

Sherman 

Greene 

Brown 

Echols 

Magoffin 

Bulloch 

Bulloch 

Sumter 

Iredell 

Iredell 

Morris 

Estill 

Marshall 

Macoupin 

Maconpin 

Clay 

Miami 

Augusta 

Bedford 

Halifax 

Pittsylvania.. 

Marion 

Marion 

Keokuk 

.lackgon 

Hardin 

Routt 


Muscogee 

Graham 

Lafayette 

Holt 

Mecklenburg... 

Davipgg 

Richmond 

Rowan 

Kidder 

Wood 

Jefferson 

Randolph 

Randolph 

Mobile 

Saint  Clair 

Dauphin 

Crawford 

Knox 

Cherry 

Rankin 

Lowndes 

Chesterfield 

Pierce 

Pierce 

Pawnee 

Butler 

Richardson 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Lewis  &  Clarke 
Northampton... 

Marshall 

Marshall.. 

Ouachita 

Hardin 

Frederick 

Marion 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


929 
613 
667 
690 

1,470 
95* 

1,517 
292 

'2,'729 

1,249 


1,.')00 
180 
619 
788 
66;- 

1,411 


635 
1,639 
880 
301 
940 
208 


942 

1.53 

694 

942 

1,030 

29 

3,001 

2,907 

1,062 


1,454 

1,917 

2,797 

1,358 

581 

1,292 

0,604 

4,321 

4,218 

4,810 

467 

226 

860 


623 


1,747 
501 


2,022 
1,415 
2,303 


2,607 
375 

1,499 
490 
333 
730 

2,447 
410 

1,216 


3,549 
1,695 
2,080 


1,520 
74 


2,402 


814 
211 


65 

630 
221 

204 
617 
766 

62;j 

1,128 

703 

1,248 

1,03.3 

1,989 

009 

232 

2,862 

1.30 

1,070 

928 

1,725 

150 

623 

701 

1,226 

1,002 

357 

431 

1,550 

854 

311 

1,051 

201 

377 

940 

211 

514 

1,463 

1,845 

425 

3,120 

4,146 

2,318 

309 

2,013 

2,224 

6,285 

2,209 

549 

1,2.55 

0,075 

4,105 

4,074 

4,978 

061 

381 

986 

58 

367 

420 

27 

1,576 

972 

1,221 

374 

2,152 

1,.599 

2,123 

951 

133 

2,563 

380 

1,567 

401 

285 

796 

9,260 

691 

1,365 

96 

4,435 

1,432 

1,964 

878 

270 

445. 

622 

399 

1,781 

100 

26 

743 

268 

265 

379 

2,419 

443 

762 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  pUoe  aud 
•tate. 


StcphenaoD,  Ky 

8t«>|ilieiisuii,  Mich 

htepheiiaun,  Blich 

Steiiliuiinpurt,  Ky 

StBplieiitowii,  NY 

Stepliciiville,  Tex 

Stepping  RtK-k,  Ky 

SlerliiiK,  Ala. 

Sterling,  Cul 

Sterling,  Col 

Sterling,  Conn 

Sterling,  III 

Steiliug,  111 

Sterling,  Ind 

Sterling,  Knn 

Strrling,  Kan 

Sterling,  Kan 

Sterling,  Masx 

Sterling,  Blich 

Sterling,  Minn 

Sterling,  Neb 

Sterling,  N.Y 

Sterling,  N.D 

Sterling,© 

Sterling,  Pa 

SUrllng,S.D 

Sterling,  Utah 

Sterling,  Wis 

Sterling,  Wig 

Sterling  Mills,  N.C 

Sterlingville,  Ore 

Stern,  Ala 

Sterrett,  Pa 

Stetitun,  Me 

Stettin,  Wis 

Steuben,  III 

Steulien,  lud. 

Stenbcn,  Me 

Steuben,  N.Y..... 

Steuben,  Pa 

Steubenville,  0 

Steulienville,  0 

Stevens,  Minn 

Stevens,  Blont 

Stevens,  N.D 

Stevensbnrg,  Va 

Stevens  Cieek,  Neb 

Stevenson,  Ala 

Stevenson,  Ala 

Stevens'  Point,  Wis 

Stevens'  Point,  Wis 

Steveusville,  Md 

Stevensville,  Va 

Stewardson,  III 

Stewardson,  Pa 

Stewart,  Col 

Stewart,  Ky 

Stewarr,  Minn 

Stewart,  Neb 

Stewart,  Pa 

Stewart,  Tunn 

Stewart  Creek,  N.C 

Stewart  Creek,  N.C 

Stewiirtsdale,  N.D 

Stewart  Station,  Ala.... 

Stewartstown,  N.H 

Stewartstown,  Pa 

Stewartsville,  Ky 

Stewart-sville,  Mo 

Stewartsville,  N.C 

Slick ney,  Mont 

Stiles,  Wis. 

Stiles,  Wis 

StillaguamiKh,  Wash.... 

Still  Pond.Md 

Stillwater,  Ky 

Stillwater,  Minn 

Stillwater,  Minn 

Stillwater,  Mont 

Stillwater,  Neb 

Stillwater,  N.J 

Stillwater,  N.Y 

Stillwater,  N.Y., 

Stillwater,  Okia 

Stinking  Creek,  Ky 

Stites,  111 

Stock,  0 

Stock,  0 

Stockbridge,  Ga 

Stockbridge,  Ga 

Stockbridge,  Mass 

Stockbridge,  Mich 

Stockbridge,  Mich 

Stockbridge,  N.Y 

Stockbridge,  Vt„ 

Stockbridge,  Wis 

212 


Rank  of 
place. 


mag.-ditt 

townaliip 

poat-vlll 

poat-tuwu 

ptMl-town 

poet- town 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

|X)flt-vill 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

poBt-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

jHjet-prect 

liost-town 

piwt-twp 

township 

po8t-twp 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

|io8t-twp 

townxhip 

township 

post-town 

township 

towneihip 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

(lost-vill 

township 

city 

village 

niug-dist 

post-town 

township 

poBtprect 

mug.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

townxhip 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

IKJot-boro' 

uiag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

I>ost-vill 

post-prect 

township 

city 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

IKwt-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

townxliip 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 


County. 


Keoton 

Menoinlneo. ... 
Menominee.... 
Ureckenridge.. 

Uensaelaer 

Erath 

Laurel 

('b«rokee.„ 

Logan 

Logan 

Windham 

Whiteside 

Whiteside 

Crawfoiil 

Hodgeman 

liice 

Kico 

Worcester 

Macomb 

liluo  Earth 

Johnson 

Cayuga 

Burleigh 

Brown 

Wayne 

Brookings. 

San  Pete 

Polk 

Veruon 

Robeson 

Jackson 

Lamar 

Alleghany 

Penoliscot 

Marathon 

Marshall 

Warren 

Washington.... 

Oneida 

Crawford 

Jefteraon 

Jefferson 

Stevens 

Missoula 

Itamsey 

Culpeper 

Lancaster 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Portage 

Portage 

Queen  Anne's. 
King  <&  Queen. 

Shelby 

Potter 

Kiowa 

Christian 

McLeod 

York 

Fayette 

Houston 

Harnett 

Surry 

Burleigh 

Hale 

Coos 

York 

Grant 

De  Kalb 

Kichmond 

Cascade 

Oconto 

Oconto.. 

Snohomisli 

Kent 

Wolf 

Washington.... 
Washington.... 
Yellowstone.... 

Webfeter 

Sussex 

Saratoga 

Saratoga 

Payne 

Knox 

Saint  Clair 

Harrison 

Noble 

Henry 

Henry 

Berkshire 

Ingham 

Ingham 

Madison 

Windsor 

Calumet 


Population. 


2,109 
\,tli 
180 
218 
],U8n 
726 
351 


967 
5,837 
5,087 

j,y«2 

529 
1,702 
1,014 
1,4U 
2,088 

704 
1,378 
3,034 


1,CC2 
705 


216 

406 

1,382 

1,313 

171 


2,366 

729 

684 

1,088 

1,315 

1,166 

1,223 

782 

13,150 

12,093 

101 


2,655 
357 


241 
569 

4,449 
124 

3,982 
385 
223 


1,381 
80 


1,497 

92 

1,331 

1,159 

'if 
958 
303 
784 
637 
3,562 


323 


194 

946 

693 

9,055 


689 
1,602 
3,412 

877 


1,016 


713 
1,543 
1,178 


2,357 
1,(103 
160 
2,023 
1,124 
2,172 


2,177 

2,279 

466 

262 

1,704 

909 

639 

986 

966 

640 

1,051 

6,666 

6,824 

2,200 

396 

2,622 

1,641 

1,244 

2,o;<8 

730 

1,720 

2,959 

196 

1,431 

710 

393 

296 

667 

1,152 

1,661 

87 

736 

1,182 

618 

962 

1,024 

1,027 

982 

i,oa6 

997 

15,862 

13,394 

240 

1,568 
232 

2,865 
560 

1,461 
580 
896 

7,896 
187 

3,662 

617 

483 

42 

1,291 
166 
996 

1,694 
162 

1,517 

1,375 

68 

256 

1,002 
441 
810 
557 

4,824 
97 
868 
466 
739 
268 
998 

1,085 

11,260 

138 

676 

1,296 

3,868 
747 
480 

1,012 
793 
714 

1,363 

1,656 
287 

2,132 

1,276 
497 

1,845 
894 

1,948 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Stockhnm,  Neb 

iitockhului,  Iowa 

Stoikhi.lm,  Minn.- 

Sio<kli()lm,  N.Y 

Stockholm,  8.1) 

3to<kholni,  Wis ™ 

Stocking,  Neb 

Stockland,  III 

Stock|K)rl,  N.Y 

Stock|K>rt,  O 

."«totkton,  Ala 

Stockton,  Ala 

Stockion,  Cal 

Stockton,  Ga 

Stockton,  Ga 

Stockton,  III 

Stockton,  III 

Stockton,  Ind...» 

Stockton,  Kan 

Stockton,  Kan 

Stockton,  Md 

Stockton,  Mo 

Stockton,  Neb 

Stockton,  N.J 

Stockton,  N.Y 

Stockton,  Utah 

Stockton,  Utah 

Stockton,  Wis 

Stockton  Springs,  Me.. 
Stockton  Valley,  Tenn 

Stock ville.  Neb 

Stockville,  Neb 

Stoddard,  N.II 

Stohrville,  Kan 

Stokes,  111 

Stokes,  0 

Stokes,  0 

Stokes  Bridge,  S.C 

Stokes  Mound,  Mo 

Stone,  Ark 

Stone,  Ore 

Stoneboro,  Pa 

Stone  City,  Col 

Stone  Coal,  Kv 

Stone  Fort,  III 

Stone  Fort,  III 

Stoneham,  Col 

Stoneliam,  Me 

Stoneham,  Mass 

Stoneham,  Minn 

Stonehouse,  Va 

Stone  Lick,  0 

Stone  Mountain,  Ga.... 
Stone  Mountain,  Ga.... 

Stonejiile,  Ga 

Stoneville,  N.C 

Stonewall,  Ala 

Stonewall,  Ark 

Stonewall,  Ga 

Stonewall,  N.C 

Stonewall,  Tex 

Stonewall,  Va 

Stonewall,  Va 

Stonewall,  Va 

Stonewall,  Va 

Stonewall,  Va 

Stonewall,  Va 

Stonewall,  Va 

Stonewall,  W.  Va 

Stonington,  Conn 

Stonington,  III 

Stonington,  111 

Stony  Battery,  S.C 

Stony  Brook,  Minn 

Stony  Brook,  N.Y 

Stony  Creek,  Ind 

Stony  Creek,  Ind 

Stony  Creek,  Ind 

Stony  Creek,  N.Y 

Stony  Creek,  N.C 

Stony  Creek,  N.C 

Stony  Creek,  N.C 

Stony  Creek,  Pa. 

Stony  Creek,  Pa, 

Stony  Creek,  Tenn 

Stony  Creek,  Va 

Stony  Fork,  N.C 

Stony  Point,  N.Y 

Stony  Point,  N.Y 

Stony  Run,  Minn 

Stookey,  III 

Storden,  Minn 

Storm  liake,  Iowa. 

Storrs,  0 

Story  Ciiy,  Iowa 

Stoughton,  Mass 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

township 

township 

|)ost-town 

township 

pu«t-twp 

precinct 

post-twp 

poet- town 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

city 

mil.-dlst 

|H>gt-VlIl 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

district 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

|)ost-town 

post-twp 

post  town 

civil-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

post  boro' 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

township 

niag-dist 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post  boro' 

precinct 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

poet-town 

mag.-dist 

mug.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-di^t 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

(lost-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

civil-diet 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post  twp 

post-twp 

ix)st-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 


County. 


Hamilton.... 
Crawford.... 

Wright 

Saint  Lawrence 

Grant 

Pepin 

Saunders 

Iroquois 

Columbia.... 

Morgan 

Baldwin 

Jeffeison 

San  Joaquin..... 

Clinch 

Clinch 

Jo  Daviess 

Jo  Daviess 

Greene 

Rooks 

Rooks 

Worcester 

Cedar 

Lancaster 

Camden 

Chautauqua 

Tooele 

Toi'ele 

Portage „ 

Waldo 

Loudon 

Frontier 

Frontier 

Cheshire 

Harper 

Union 

Ix)gan 

Bladison 

Darlington 

Carroll 

Faulkner 

Malheur 

Mercer 

Arapahoe 

Pike 

Saline. 

Saline 

Weld 

Oxford 

Middlesex 

Chipiiewa 

James  Cily 

Clermont m. 

De  Kalb 

De  Kalb 

Itabun 

liockingham... 

Fayette 

Johnson 

Washington.... 

Pamlio 

Gillespie 

Appomattox.... 

Frederick 

Highland 

Rappahannock 

Richmond 

Rockingham... 

iShenandoah 

Wayne 

New  London... 

Christian 

Christian 

Newberry 

Grant 

Suffolk 

Henry 

Madison 

Randolph 

Warren 

Caswell 

Nash 

Wayne 

Cambria 

Somerset 

Carter 

Sussex 

Watauga 

Rockland 

Rockland 

Yellow  Med 

Saint  Clair 

Cottonwood 

Buena  Vista 

Hamilton 

Story 

Norfolk 


Populatioo. 


1880.      18&a 


640 
1,126 
3,441 


763 
l,8ti4 

979 
1,980 

336 


10,282 

465 

200 

1,208 


1,372 
tWi 
411 

2,a3f 

407 

657 

3,093 

1,868 

615 


1,346 

1,648 

42(1 


663 
60< 
1,236 
1,096 
1,285 
1,300 


381 
1,186 


(XX) 
3:5' 


476 
4,890 


1,219 

1,788 
799 
368 
1(K) 
569 


209 


2,743 

3,349 

2,091 

1,766 

1,538 

6,176 

3,226 

1,805 

7,-335 

997 

137 

2,628 

281 

649 

947 

1,48:1 

1,337 
1,253 
1,615 
1,80' 
1,492 

881 
1,727 

822 
2,022 

664 
3,308 


630 


209 
1,034 


331 
4,875 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Stonglitoii,  Wis 

Stout,  (Jul 

Stoutsville,  Mo 

Stoutsville,  0 

Stove  Creek,  Neb 

Stow,  Me 

Stow,  Mass 

Slow,  0 

Stow  Creek,  N.J 

Stowe,  Pa 

Stowe,  Vt 

Stowe  Prairie,  Minn.... 

Stoyestowii,  Pa 

Straban,  Pa 

Strabane,  N.D 

StrafTard,  N.H 

Strafford,  Vt 

Stralian,  Neb 

Straight  Creek,  Kan.... 

Straiglit  Creek,  Ky 

Straiglit  River,  Minu... 

Strait,  Md 

Straits,  N.C 

Strand,  Minn 

Strang,  Neb 

Strange,  Ga 

Stranger,  Kan 

Strasburg,  III 

Strasbnrg,  Pa 

Strasburg,  Pa 

Strasbnrg,  Va 

Siratfurd,  Conn 

Stratfurd,  N.H 

Stratford,  N.Y 

Strathani.  N.H 

Stratton,  III 

Strattun,  Neb 

Siratton,  Neb 

Stratton,  Vt 

Stratton  Park,  Col 

Strattonville,  Pa 

Strauglin,  Ind 

Strawberry,  Ark 

Strawberry,  Ark 

Strawl)erry,  Ark 

Strawberry,  Cal 

Strawberry,  Kan 

Strawberry  Point,  Iowa 

Strawn,  III 

Stiawn,Tex 

Streator,  III 

Streetsborongli,  0 

Strickland,  Ala 

Strolil,  Neb 

Stromsburg,  Neb 

Stronaoh,  Mich 

Strong,  Kan 

Strong,  Me 

Strong's  Prairie,  Wis... 

Strongsville,  0 

Stroud,  Ala 

Stro\id,  Pa 

Strondsburg,  Pa 

Stryker,0 

Stuart,  Idaho 

Stuart,  Iowa 

Stuart,  Iowa 

Stuart,  Iowa 

Stuart,  Neb 

Stuart,  Neb 

Stuart,  Va 

Stublis,  Ark 

Stuckey,  Ala 

Stngarok,  Alaska .. 

Stump  Sound,  N.C 

Siurbridge,  Mass 

Sturgeon,  Ky 

Sturgeon,  Ky 

Sturgeon,  Ky 

Sturgeon,  Mo 

Sturgeon,  Va 

Sturgeon  Bay,  Wis 

Sturgeon  Bay,  Wis 

Stnrgeonville,  Va 

Sturgis,  Ky 

Sturgis,  Mich 

Sturgis,  Mich 

Sturgis,  Miss 

Sturgis,  S.D 

Stuttgiirt,  Ark 

Stntts,  Ala 

Stuyvesant,  N.Y 

Siiamico,  Wis 

Sublett,  Idaho 

Sublette,  III 

Subligna,  Ga 


Bank  of 
place. 


city 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

jK)st-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

poet-twp 

mag.-dist 

township 

district 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

|X)St-boru' 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

post-boro' 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

townsliip 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-vill 

()Ost-town 

city 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

jx)st-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

pt>st-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

hamlet 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

city 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

lx>st-town 

city 

post-vill 

preci  net 

post-town 

|X)8t-tWp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 


County. 


Vane 

Ladmer 

Monroe 

Fairfield 

Cass 

Oxford 

Middlesex 

Summit 

Ciimberliind.... 

Alleghany 

Lamoille 

Todd 

Somerset 

Adams 

Grand  Forks... 

Strafford 

Orange 

Wayne 

Jackson 

Harlan 

Hubbard 

Dorchester 

Carteret 

Norman 

Fillmore 

Franklin 

Leavenworth.. 

Shelby 

Lancaster. 

Lancaster 

Shenandoah.... 

Fairfield 

Coos 

Fulton 

Rockingham  .. 

Edgar 

Hitchcock 

Hitchcock 

Windham 

Larimer 

Clarion 

Henry 

Fulton 

Lawrence 

Sharp 

San  Diego 

Washington.... 

Clayton 

Livingston 

Palo  Pinto 

La  Sallo 

Portage 

Lamar 

Loup 

Polk 

Manistee 

Chase 

Franklin 

Adams 

Cuyahoga 

Chambers 

Monroe 

Monroe , 

Williams 

Ada 

Adair 

Guthrie 

Guthrie 

Holt 

Holt 

Patrick 

Independence.. 
Pickens 


Onslow 

Worcester 

Jackson 

Lee 

Owsley 

Boone 

Brunswick 

Door 

Door 

Brunswick 

Union 

Saint  Josefih... 
Saint  Joseph... 

Oktibbeha 

Meade 

Arkansas 

Lauderdale 

Columbia 

Brown 

Cassia 

Lee , 

Chattooga 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,353 


118 
340 
786 
401 

1,045 
911 

1,107 
8G7 

1,896 
393 
319 

1,712 


1,531 
1,181 


970 
185 


1,379 

1,149 

118 


920 
1,3.30 

104 
2,011 
1,005 

647 
4,251 
1,016 
1,006 

720 
1,481 


317 
143 


1,420 
358 


1,258 
715 
331 


5,157 
702 


1,091 
621 
324 

5y(i 

947 
1,020 


1,680 

1,860 

662 


1,994 


2,095 
2,062 
1,000 


920 
650 

2,600 
850 

1,199 


9,077 
2,060 


2,097 
948 


1,104 
1,293 


2,470 

327 

2.'>3 

282 

1.120 

291 

903 

936 

972 

3,710 

1,880 

7460 

291 

1,641 

428 

1,304 

932 

615 

690 

185 

157 

1,724 

1,103 

443 

209 

939 

1,102 

258 

1,872 

918 

646 

2,008 

1,128 

997 

680 

1,301 

683 

326 

222 

123 

331 

20(J 

410 

1,.501 

391 

35 

736 

947 

233 

514 

11,414 

707 

998 

359 

2,407 

710 

976 

627 

870 

1,023 

285 

],5<i5 

2,419 

1,017 

211 

6.33 

290 

2,052 

1,015 

245 

3:)2 

420 

666 

7 

2,058 

2,074 

1,300 

4.'i3 

1,184 

713 

2,922 

1,135 

2,195 

619 

327 

2,989 

2,4S9 

203 

608 

1,105 

1,480 

1,953 

9(16 

102 

1,000 

684 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Sublimity,  Ore 

Sudbury,  Mass 

Sudbury,  Vt 

Sndlersville,  Md 

Suez,  III 

Suffield,  Conn 

Suffleld,  O 

Suffolk,  Va 

Sugar,  Ark 

Sugar  Creek,  Ark 

Sugar  Creek,  Col 

Sugar  Creek,  Ga 

Sugar  Creek,  III 

Sugar  Creek,  Ind 

Sugar  Creek,  Ind 

Sugar  Creek,  Ind 

Sugar  Creek,  Ind 

Sugar  Creek,  Ind 

Sugar  Creek,  Ind 

Sugar  Creek,  Ind 

Sugar  Creek,  Iowa 

Sugar  Creek,  Iowa  

Sugar  Cieek,  Kan 

Sugar  Creek,  Mo 

Sugar  Creek,  Mo 

Sugar  Creek,  Mo 

Sugar  Creek,  O , 

Sugar  Creek,  0 , 

Sugar  Creek,  0 , 

Sugar  Creek,  0 

Sugar  Creek,  0 , 

Su)£ar  Creek,  0...., 

Sugar  Creek,  Pa 

Sugar  Creek,  Pa 

Sugar  Creek,  Wis 

Sugar  Folk,  N.C 

Sugar  Grove,  III 

Sugar  Grove,  Iowa 

Sugar  Grove,  0 

Sugar  Grove,  Pa 

Sugar  Grove,  Pa 

Sugar  Grove,  W.  Va 

Sugar  Hill,Ga 

Sugar  House,  Utah 

Sugar  Island,  Mich 

Sugar  Loaf,  Ark 

Sngar  I^af,  Ark 

Sugar  Loaf,  Ark 

Sngar  Loaf,  Ark 

Sugar  Loaf,  HI 

Sugar  Loaf,  Kan 

Sugar  Loaf,  N.C 

Sugiir  Loaf,  Pa 

Sugar  Loaf,  Pa 

Sugar  Loaf  Spring,  Ark, 

Sugar  Notch,  Pa 

Sugar  Uidge,  Ind 

Sugar  Town,  La 

Sugar  Tree,  Mo 

Sugar  Valley,  Ga 

Sugar  Valley,  Ga 

Suggsville,  Ala 

Suglime,  Neb 

Suisun,  Cal.. 

Suisun  City,  Cal 

Sullivan,  Ark 

Sullivan,  111 

Sullivan,  111 

Sullivan,  HI 

Sullivan,  Ind 

Sullivan,  Kan 

Sullivan,  Me 

Sullivan,  Minn 

Sullivan,  N.H 

Sullivan,  N.Y 

Sullivan,  0 

^iillivau,  Pa 

SullivHn,  S.C 

Sullivan,  Wis 

Sullivan,  Wis 

SuUivaut,  III 

Sulphur,  Ark 

Sulphur,  Ark 

Sulphur,  Ark 

Sulphur,  Ky 

Sulphur  Rock,  Ark 

Sulphur  Springs,  Ala... 
Sulphur  Springs,  Ala... 
Sulphur  Springs,  Ark... 
Sulphur  Springs,  Ark... 
Sulphur  Springs,  .\rk... 
Sulphur  Springs,  Ark... 
Sulphur  Springs,  III.... 
Sulphur  Springs,  Ind... 
Sulphur  Springs,  Ky.... 
Sulphur  Springs,  N.C... 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-prect 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

|)08t-town 

township 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

I)08t-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post  twp 

township 

|>ost-vill 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

mil  -dist 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

[lost-twp 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

post-ward 

pt)St-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

|)ost-prect 

precinct 

townsliip 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

city 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-twp 

townsliip 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 


County. 


Marion 

Middlesex 

Rutland 

Queen  Anne's. 

Mercer 

Hartford 

Portage 

Nansemond.... 

Benton 

Lugau 

Douglas 

Fannin 

Clinton 

Boone 

Clinton 

Hamilton 

Montgomery  . 

Parke 

Shelby 

Vigo 

Cedar , 

Poweshiek , 

Miami 

BaiTy , 

Harrison , 

Randolph 

Allen 

Greene , 

Putnam 

Stark , 

Tuscarawas 

Wayne 

Armstrong 

Venango 

Walworth 

Macon 

Kane 

Dallas 

Fairfield 

Mercer 

Warren 

Pendleton 

Gwinnett 

Salt  Lake 

Chippewa 

Boone 

Cleburne 

Marion 

Sebastian 

Saint  Clair    ... 

Books 

Alexander 

Columbia 

Luzerne 

Cleburne 

Luzerne 

Clay 

Calcasieu 

Carroll 

Gordon 

Gordon 

Clarke 

Deuel 

Solano 

Solano 

Sharp 

Livingston 

Moultrie 

Moultrie 

Sullivan 

Grant 

Hancock 

Polk 

Cheshire 

Madison 

Ashland 

Tioga 

Lawrence 

Jackson 

Jefferson 

Ford 

Garland 

Miller 

Sebastian 

Henry 

Independence. 

Calhoun 

De  Kail 

Benton 

Howard 

Montgomery... 

Searcy 

Morgan 

Henry 

Edmonson 
Rutherford 


Population. 


803 

1,178 

502 

199 

1,072 

3,225 

1,530 

1,903 

659 

594 


602 

2,804 

3,015 

1,410 

2,099 

1,254 

900 

1.181 

2,218 

610 

1,109 

809 

1,774 

070 

7,031 

1,032 

1,58S 

1,300 

2,285 

1,402 

2,093 

1,018 

1,923 

980 

430 

80S 

1,125 

202 

055 

1,801 

1,204 

1,408 

738 

554 

1,370 

3.-.0 

610 

1,338 


3.33 

828 

872 

1,390 


1,582 
1,53:) 
1,945 


1,085 


997 


1,944 

654 
844 
1,20(.» 
3,689 
1,305 
2,101 


1,023 
178 
382 

4,803 
795 

1,;«5 

2,403 
400 

1,357 
717 
190 

2,303 

1,229 
90 
lh8 
850 


612 
49:) 
609 

r 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  pUce  aud 
■tet«. 


8utphur8pHnga,Tex... 
Stilplitir  Springs,  Va..... 
Siilpliiir  SiiitlMii,  Tex... 

Stilpliur  Well,  Ky 

Sxiltan,  Wb«Ii 

Sumiliim,  Alaaka 

Biiniiiirr  Camp,  .\laska 

Siininieineld,  Ala 

8umni(>rftel<l,  .Ma 

SuiiiiiitirfleUI,  III 

Kuiiiiiu'rfieUl,  Knn 

SiiiiinierflpM,  Mich 

Sumiiirrfleld,  Midi 

Summerfleld,  N.C 

Siimmei'fleld,  O 

Kuninierford,  O 

SiiDinicrrord,  0 

gunimer  Hill,  N.V 

Suninier  Hill,  Pa 

Summer  Hill,  Pa 

Summer  Lake,  Ore 

Summers,  Ky 

Summeniet,  lown 

Summer  Shade,  Ky 

SummenTiUe,  W.  Va.... 

Suramerville,  Fla 

Sunimervillo,  Ga. 

Suuimerville,  Ga 

Summerville,  Ore 

Summervillp,  Ore 

Summerville,  Pa 

Summerville,  S.C. 

Summit,  Ala 

Summit,  Ark 

Summit,  <tc.,  Cal 

Summit,  Iowa 

Summit,  Iowa 

Summit,  luwa 

Summit,  Iowa 

Summit,  Kan 

Summit,  Kan 

Summit,  Kan 

Summit,  Kau 

Summit,  Kan 

Summit,  Mich 

Summit,  Mich 

Summit,  Minn 

Summit,  Miss 

Summit,  Mo 

Summit,  Mo 

Summit,  Neb 

Summit,  Neb 

Summit,  Neb 

Summit,  N  J 

Summit,  N.Y 

Summit,  N.D 

Summit,  0 

Suniuiit,  Ore 

Summit,  Ore 

Summit,  Pa 

Summit,  Pa 

Summii,  Pa 

Summit,  Pa 

Summit,  Pa 

Summit,  S.D 

Summit,  S.D 

Summit,  Utah 

Summit,  Wig 

Summit,  Wis 

Summit,  Wis 

Summit  Hill,  Pa 

Summit  Lake,  Minn.... 

Summit  Priiirie,  Ore 

Sunimitt,  111 

Summitvllle,  Ind 

Sumner,  III 

Sumner,  111 

Sumner,  III 

Sumnor,  Iowa 

Snniner,  Iowa 

Sumner,  Iowa 

Sumner,  Iowa 

Sumner,  lown 

Sumner,  Iowa 

Siimner,  Kan 

Sumner,  Kan 

Sumner,  Kan 

Sumner,  Kan 

Sumner,  Kau 

Sumner,  Me 

Sumner,  Mich 

Sumner,  Minn..„ 

Sumner,  Mo 

Sumner,  N.C 

Sumner,  Ore, 

Samner,  8.D 

214 


Itaiik  of 
place. 


pott-town 

maft.-dlst 

post-tuwu 

village 

precinct 

hamlet 

hamlet 

precinct 

po«t-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

townstiip 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-towu 

township 

po»t-i)rect 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-ilist 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

|X)8(-Vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-town 

poHt-prect 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-towu 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

post  prect 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

towniihip 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

townnhip 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-prect 

poft-twp 


County. 


Hopklni 

Carruli 

Bowie 

Jessamine .. 
Suobouiish., 


Dallas 

Dallas 

Saint  Clair..... 

Marshall 

Clare 

Monroe 

Guilford 

Noble 

Madison 

Madison 

Cayuga 

Cambria , 

Crawford , 

Lake. 

Muhlenberg.. 

Adair 

Metcalfe , 

Nicholas 

Holmes , 

Chattooga 

Chattooga , 

Union 

Union , 

Jefferson , 

Berkeley 

Blount 

Boone 

San  Bernardino 

Adair 

Clay , 

Marion , 

O'Brien 

Chautauqua. 

Cloud 

Decatur , 

Marion 

Saline 

Jackson 

Mason 

Steele 

Pike 

Bates 

Callaway 

Burt 

Butler 

Dakota 

Union 

Schoharie.... 

Richland 

Monroe 

Benton 

Malheur 

Butler 

Erie 

Crawford 

Potter 

Somerset 

Lake 

Sully... 

Iron 

Juneau 

Langlade...  . 
Waukeslia... 

Carbon 

Nobles 

Crook 

Kflingliam... 

Madison 

Kankakee... 
Lawrence.... 

Warren 

Bremer 

Bremer 

Buchanan.... 

Iowa 

Webster 

Winneshiek. 

Osborne 

Phillips 

Reno 

Sumner , 

Wichita 

Oxford 

Gratiot 

Fillmore 

Chariton 

Gnilford 

Coos 

Spink. 


PopuUtion. 


1880.      1890. 


1,8M 
2,662 


100 


1,»M 


640 


1116 

1,82!» 

018 

4:i6 

0.'>8 

3J3 

1,028 

619 

1,202 

146 

l,l)2;j 

1,080 

170 

1,071 


1,820 
840 
800 


»48 
1,.371 


341 


648 
231 
1,412 
161 
762 
977 


421 
148 
999 
387 
636 
1,6(14 
789 


377 
435 


1,910 

1,406 


914 
153 


1,266 
1,047 
1,058 
202 
1,851 


123 
1,014 


1,138 


1,114 
400 
1,014 
1,021 
948 
996 
285 
686 
811 
969 
863 
923 


6:56 
401 


1,014 

1,358 

900 


1,074 
168 


8,038 
3,2<iO 
246 
i:i7 
236 
42 
44 
1,265 

:{8;i 

102 
147 

1,868 
975 
682 
9(H 
282 
864 
602 

1,040 

loo 

1,84:1 

1,407 
210 

1,274 
148 

2,276 
660 

1,276 
280 
3;J5 

2,219 
904 
425 
6.58 

1,:J27 
480 

1,137 
798 
891 
932 
312 
488 
178 
967 
508 
658 

1,687 
849 

1,.540 
524 
636 
399 

3,502 

1,:J99 
611 
801 
2:}8 
133 

1,2«7 
903 

1,008 
176 

2,.366 
424 
120 
143 
980 
270 

1,130 

2,816 
148 
60 
941 
752 
918 

l,0:i7 
891 

1,667 
861 
626 
727 
751 
806 
85:i 
415 
401 
545 
5.5 
901 

1,:<71 
824 
286 

1,143 
251 
443 


Maine  of  place  and 
■tate. 


Sumner,  Wash 

Sumner,  Wash 

Sumner,  Wis 

Sumner,  Wis 

Sumner,  Wis 

Sumner's,  Kan 

Snmpter,  Ark 

Sunipter,  III 

Sumpter,  Mich 

Sumpter,  Ore 

Sumpter,  Wis 

Sumter,  Minn 

Sumter,  S.C 

Sumter,  S.C 

Sumter  C.-H.,SC... 

Sunitervllle,  Ala 

Sunapee,  N.H 

Sunbright,  Tenn 

Sunbnry,  111 

Sunbnry,  O... 

Sunbnry,  0 

Sunbury,  Pa 

Sunbnry,  Pa 

Sun  City,  Kan 

Sundah'l,  Minn 

Sundance,  Wyo 

Sunderland,  Mass  .. 

Sunderland,  Vt 

Sundown,  Minn 

Sunfield,  MicU 

Suniish,  0 

Sun  Pialric,  S.D 

Sun  Prairie,  Wis.... 
Sun  Prairie,  Wis.... 

Sunrise,  Minn 

Sun  River,  Mont.... 
Sun    River    Leavings, 

Mont 

Sunset,  Col 

Sunset,  Tex 

Sunshine,  Va>\ 

Sunshine,  Neb 

Sunview,  Col 

Sunville,  Pa 

Superior,  Iowa 

Superior,  Kan 

Superior,  Kan 

Superior,  Mich 

Superior,  Mich , 

Superior,  Neb 

Superior,  0 

Superior,  Wis 

Superior,  Wis 

Surface  Creek,  Col. . 

Surles,  Ala 

Surtatt,  Md 

Surrency.Ga 

Surrey,  Mich 

Surry,  Me 

Surry,  N.H 

Susiinville,  Cal 

Susauville,  Ore 

Sushetuo,  Alaska..... 

Suspension,  Ala 

Suspension  Bridge,N.Y 
Susquehanna,  Pa.... 
SUHquehauna,  Pa..,. 
Susquehanna,  Pa.... 

Susquehanna,  Pa 

Susquebinna,  Pa.... 
Susquehanna,  S.D..,. 

Sussex,  Va 

Sutersville,  Pa 

Sutherland,  Iowa.... 

Sutter,  Cal 

Sntter,  Cal 

Sutter  Creek,  Cal..... 

Sutton,  Kan 

Sutton,  Mass 

Sutton,  Neb 

Sutton,  Neb 

Sutton,  N.H 

Sutton,  0 

Sutton,  Vt 

Sutton,  W.Va 

Sutton's,  S.C 

Sutton's  Bay,  Mich.. 

Suver,  Ore 

Suwaiiee,  Ga 

Svea,  Minn 

Sverdrup,  N.D 

Sverdrup,  N.D 

Sverdrup,  S.D 

Swainstxirongli,  Ga.. 
Swamp  Creek,  Ore... 
Swampgcott,  Mass.... 


Bank  of 
place. 


precinct 
post-vill 
township 
post-twp 

(OWUKllip 

township 

|)ost-twp 

township 

townsliip 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

IKist-vili 

[wst-prect 

post-town 

|)ost  town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

borough 

post-lKiro' 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

p<ist-t<i\vn 

township 

post-twp 

townsliip 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-prect 

post-boro' 

IKjst-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

township 

city 

precinct 

(lost-prect 

district 

niil.-dist 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

IX)st-prect 

village 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

townsliip 

mag.-<list 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

precinct 

city 

post-town 

township 

post  town 

post-town 

|H)8t-tWp 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post  town 

precinct 

poit-town 


County. 


Pierce 

Pierce 

Barron 

Jefferson 

Trempealeau.... 

Thomas 

Bradley 

CumU-rland 

Wayne 

Baker.. 

Sauk 

McLeod 

Sumter 

Williamsburg.., 

Sumter 

Snmter 

Sullivan 

Morgan 

Livingston 

Delaware 

Monroe 

Butler 

Nortlmmberrd 

Barber 

Norman 

Crook 

Franklin 

Bennington 

Redwood 

Eaton 

Pike 

McCook 

Dane 

Dane 

Chicago 

Cascade 


Ciscade 

Boulder 

Montague.. 

Boulder 

Lincoln 

El  Puso 

Venango 

Dickinson.... 
McPherson., 

Osage 

Chippewa...., 
Washtenaw. 

Nuckolls 

Williams 

Douglas 

Douglas 

Delta 

Crenshaw... 
Prince  George's 

Tatnall 

Clare 

Hancock 

Cheshire , 

Lassen 

Grant 


Bullock 

Niagara 

Cambria 

Dauphin 

Juniata 

Lycoming 

Susquehanna... 

Hutchinson 

Sussex 

Westmoreland.. 

O'Brien 

Sacramento 

Sntter 

Amadur 

Lane 

Worcester 

Clay 

Clay 

Merrimack 

Meigs 

Caledonia 

Braxton 

Williamsburg... 

Leelaiiaw 

Polk 

Gwinnett 

Kittson 

Griggs 

McLean 

Minnehaha 

Emanuel 

Wallowa 

Essex 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


479 
6:)2 
693 


1,979 
1,446 

261 

746 

740 

6,1 06 

2,757 

2,011 

2,W.8 

89,' 


997 

Ml) 
1,66(1 

213 
4,077 

369 


755 
066 
231 
1,595 
970 


1,620 


271 


lOS 

95 

6;M 

1,881 


1,253 
46)H 

1,846 
(555 


1,131 
1,484 
1,159 
1,181 
326 


1,325 

2,470 
940 

2,411 
73:i 
3;«) 

3,-16 


2,166 
490 


1,4.55 
89" 

l,:i24 


3,105 


99:i 
4,466 
8:i8 
279 
779 


186 
'2,5(» 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  plnce  and 
state. 


Swan,  Ac,  Col 

Swan,  111 

Swan,  Ind 

Swan,  tuwa 

Swan,  Iowa 

,  Swan,  Kan 

'  Swan,  Ky 

Swan,  Mo 

Swan,  Neb 

Swan,  Neb 

Swan,  0 

Swan  Creek,  Mich 

Swan  Creek,  Neb 

Swan  Creek,  0 

Swan  Creek,  S.D 

Swan  Lake,  Iowa 

Swan  Lake,  Iowa 

Swan  Lake,  Minn 

Swan  Lake,  Neb 

Swannanoa,  N.C 

Swan  Qnarter,  N.C 

Swan  River,  Minn 

Swansborongh,  N.C 

Swansborongh,  N.C 

Swansea,  Mass 

Swanton,  Neb 

Swanton,  0 

SwantoD,  0 

Swanton,  Vt 

Swanville,  Me 

Swanwick,  111 

Bwanzey,  N.H 

Swatara,  Pa 

Swatara,  Pa 

Swayne,  Ark 

Swea,  Iowa 

Swede,  N.D 

Swede  Creek,  Kan 

Swede  Grove,  Minn 

Sweden,  Me 

Sweden,  N.Y 

Sweden,  Pa 

Swede  Prairie,  Minn.... 

Swedes  Forest,  Minn.... 

Swedona,  111 

Sweet,  Minn 

Sweet  Grass,  Mont 

Sweet  Home,  Mo 

Sweet  Home,  Ore 

Sweetland,  Iowa 

Sweet  Owen,  Ky 

Sweet  Spring."!,  Mo 

Sweet  Springs,  \V.  Va.. 

Sweet  Water,  Ala 

Sweet  Water,  Col 

Sweet  Water,  Tenn 

Sweet  Water,  Tenn 

Sweet  Water,  Tex 

Swunoda,  Minn 

Swepsonville,  N.C 

Swerdrup,  Minn 

Sh  etlaya  Retchka,  Alas 

Swift  Cieek,  N.C 

Swift  Creek,  N.C 

Swift  Creek,  N.C 

Swift  Creek,  S.C 

Swimming  Pens,  S.C... 

Swingle,  Tenn 

Switzerland,  0 

Sycamore,  111 

Sycamore,  III 

Sycamore,  Kan 

Sycamore,  Kan 

Sycamore,  Ky 

Sycamore,  0 

Sycamore,  0 

Sycamore,  0 

Sydney,  Fla 

Sykeston,  N  D 

Sylacauga,  Ala 

Sylacauga,  Ala 

Svlaniore,  Ark 

Sylva,  N.C 

Sylvan,  Mich 

Sylvan,  Mich 

Sylvan,  Wis 

Sylvan  Grove,  Ala 

Sylvania,  Ga 

Sylvania,  Mo 

Sylvania,  0 

Sylvania,  0 

Sylvania,  Pa 

Sylvania,  Pa 

Sylvester,  Wis 

Sylvia,  Kan 

Sylvia,  Kan 


Bank  of 
place. 


poBt-prect 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

townnhip 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

townsliip 

post-viU 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

city 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

precinct 

civil-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

hamlet 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

civil-dist 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

precinct 

townsliip 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

post-Till 


County. 


Snmmit 

Warren 

Noble 

Marion. 

Marion 

Smith 

Calloway 

Taney 

Deuel 

Holt 

Vinton 

Saginaw 

Saline 

Fulton 

Walworth 

Emmet 

Pocahontas.., 

Stevens , 

Hayes 

Buncombe.... 

Hyde 

Morrison 

Onslow 

Onslow 

Bristol 

Saline 

Fulton 

Lucas 

Franklin 

Waldo 

Perry  

Cheshire 

Lebanon 

Daupliin 

Mississippi ... 

Kossuth 

La  Moure 

Kiley 

Meeker 

Oxford 

Monroe 

Potter 

Yellow  Med,. 

Redwood 

Mercer 

Pipestone...... 

Park 

Clarke 

Linn 

Muscatine .... 

Owen 

Saline 

Monroe 

Marengo 

Garfield 

Cocke 

Monroe 

Nolan 

Swift 

Allamance.... 
Otter  Tail 


Edgecombe  ... 

Pitt 

Wake 

Darlington 

Sumter 

Unicoi 

Monroe 

DeKaU) 

DeKalb 

Butler 

Montgomery . 

.Inhnson 

Hamilton 

Wyandot 

Wyandot 

Hillsborongh., 

Wells 

Talladega 

Talladega 

Stone 

Jackson 

Osceola 

Washtenaw... . 

Richland 

Dale 

Screven 

.Scott 

Lucas 

Lucas 

Bradford 

Potter 

Greene 

Reno 

Beno 


Population. 


1,137 

l.fKiO 

1,000 


i,n38 

1,239 


1,095 
3G9 
513 

1,528 


61 
93 
210 


1,238 
1,178 

5C0 
1,597 

128 
1,355 


335 

6.58 

3,079 

703 

941 

1,601 

1,249 

2,841 

172 


689 
657 
474 
5,734 
416 
1.52 
251 
213 
167 


1,053 

269 

1,345 


1,182 

1,650 

922 


276 


2,228 
2,6;}0 
1,726 
1,706 
2,091 

511 
1,226 
4,109 
3,028 

301 
1,669 

671 
6,369 
1,058 

272 


744 


366 

2,260 

1,035 

752 

314 

841 

1,421 

523 

227 

214 

928 


106 

1,016 

1,707 

],a55 

419 

639 

1,908 

1,875 

265 

124 

1,001 

493 

1,003 

1,791 

181 

161 

899 

412 

207 

1,394 

1,408 

983 

1,866 

233 

1,456 

184 

608 

599 

3,231 

698 

984 

1,600 

1,143 

3,329 

225 

407 

111 

797 

635 

3:i8 

5,201 

756 

304 

370 

169 

241 

167 

1,088 

474 

1,1.34 

842 

1,137 

1,765 

1,124 

46 

731 

879 

614 

270 

326 

680 

44 

2,173 

2,631 

1,928 

1,933 

2,400 

614 

1,164 

3,929 

2,987 

478 

1,481 

714 

7,460 

1,509 

72-2 

340 

194 

2,618 

464 

820 

797 

504 

2,268 

1,013 

1,241 

•  338 

1,308 

1,476 

645 

241 

713 

906 

633 

205 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Symmes,  III 

Symnies,  0 

Symmes,  0 

Pymsonia,  Ky , 

Synnes,  Minn 

Syracuse,  Ind , 

Syracuse,  Kan , 

Syracuse,  Kan 

Syracuse,  Mo , 

Syracii.se,  Neli. 

Syracuse,  Neb 

Syracuse,  NY 

Syracuse,  Ore , 

Syracuse,  Utah 

Taberg,N.Y 

Tabernacle,  Ga 

Tabernacle,  N.C. 

Tabernacle,  S.C 

Table,  Ac,  Neb 

Table,  Neb 

Table  Bluff,  Cal 

Table  Blound,  Iowa 

Table  Rock,  Cal 

Table  Rock,  Cal 

Table  Rock,  Col 

Table  Bock,  Neb 

Table  Rock,  Nel 

Table  Rock,  Ore 

Tabor,  Iowa... 

Tabor,  Minn 

Tabor,  Mo 

Tabor,  Neb 

Tacoma,  Wash 

Tadmor,  Ga 

Taghkanick,  N.Y 

Tails  Creek,  Ga 

Tainter,  Wis 

Taitsville,  Mo 

Tajique,  N.M 

Takashki,  Alaska 

Talbert,  S.C 

Talbotton,  Ga 

Talcott,  W.  Va 

Talcott,  W.  Va 

Talent,  Ore 

Talking  Kock,  Ga 

Talking  Rock,  Ga 

Talkington,  III 

Talladegn,  Ala 

Talladega,  Ala 

Talladega,  Ark 

Tallahala,  Miss 

Tallaliassee,  Fla 

Tallaliatta  Spring8,Ala. 

Tallapoosa,  Ga 

Talla[)Oo.''a,  Ga 

Tallapoosa,  Ga 

Tallassee,  Ala 

Tallassee,  Ala 

Talleyrand,  Kan 

Tallniadge,  Mich 

Tallmadge,  0 

Tallokas,  Ga 

Tallula,Ill 

Tallulah,  Ga 

Tallulah  Falls,  Ga 

Tally  Ho,  N.C 

Talinage,  Me „ 

Talmage,  Neb 

Taloga,  Kan 

Tama,  Iowa 

Tama,  Iowa 

Tamaico,  III 

Tamaqua,  Pa 

Taniarac,  Minn 

Tamarack  Mine,  Mich.. 

Tamaroa,  III 

Tammany,  Idaho 

Tamora,  Neb 

Tampa,  Fla 

Tampico,  III 

Tampico,  111 

Tamworth,  N.H 

Tanana,  AJa-ska 

Tanberg,  Minn 

Taneytown,  Md 

Tancytown,  Md 

Tangent,  Ore 

Tangier,  Md 

Tanner,  Ga 

Tanner.  Ga 

Tanner's  Creek,  Va 

Tansem,  Minn 

Tanyard,  Ala 

Tanyut,  Alaska 

Taopi,  Minn 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

city 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

townsliip 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-lwp 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

city 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

hamlet 

towuslrp 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

city 

township 

bi-ac 

city 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

cily 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

l«)st-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

rail -dist 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

l)06t-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

township 

village 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

village 

township 

district 

post-vill 

liost-prect 

district 

mil.-dist 

mil  -dist 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

precinct 

hamlet 

poBt-TiU 


County. 


Edgar 

Hamilton 

Lawrence 

Graves 

Stevens 

Kosciusko.... 

Hamilton 

Hamilton 

Morgan 

Otoe 

Otoe 

Onondaga 

Linn 

Davis 

Oneida 

Washington.. 

Randolph 

Aiken 

Cherry 

Dawes 

Humboldt 

Dubuque 

Sierra 

Siskiyou 

El  Paso 

Pawnee 

Pawnee 

Jackson 

Fremont 

Polk 

Saint  Clair.... 
Scott's  Bluff.. 

Pit-rce 

Hall 

Columbia 

Gilmer 

Dunn 

Ray 

Valencia 


Edgefield 

Talbot 

Summers 

Summers 

.lackson 

Pickens 

Pickens 

Sangamon 

Talladega 

Talladega 

Jefferson 

Perry 

Leon 

Clarke 

Haralson 

Haralson 

Paulding 

Elmore 

Elmore 

Wil.ion 

Ottawa 

Summit 

Brooks 

Menard 

Rabun 

Rabun 

Granville , 

Washington... 

Otoe 

Morton 

Tama 

Tama 

Bond 

Schuylkill 

IVIarshall 

Houghton 

Perry 

Nez  Perces 

Seward 

Hillsborough.. 

Whiteside 

Whiteside 

Carroll 


Wilkin 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Linn 

Somerset 

Coffee 

Washington.. 

Norfolk 

Clay 

Pike 


Mower., 


Population. 


1880.     1890. 


1,521 

1,626 

1,099 

919 

102 

491 


202 

1,138 

510 

51,792 


668 

635 

1,602 

636 


876 

1,175 

595 

633 


1,447 


951 


1,098 
933 

1,308 
800 
754 
108 


1,258 
1,008 
1,409 


726 


1,064 

5,088 

l,23.i 

40:i 

1,005 

2,494 

559 

904 

62 


2,270 

1,182 

676 

1,606 

1,455 

1,012 

646 

854 


3,3(Ki 
112 


1,855 
1,289 


5,730 


2,336 


720 
],06ti 

424 
1,274 


198 

2,596 

619 


2,491 

485 

1,437 

6,480 


1,103 


1,521 

1,649 

1,062 

882 

197 

618 

454 

324 

187 

1,495 

728 

88,143 

350 

299 

331 

?650 

1,711 

1,060 

699 

35:J 

828 

1,068 

289 

1,231 

243 

1,312 

673 

613 

603 

388 

725 

211 

30,(Kt6 

1,150 

1,062 

660 

442 

90 

350 

80 

1,401 

1,140 

2,175 

288 

507 

571 

141 

923 

5,3.i0 

2,063 

413 

690 

2,9:}4 

607 

3,040 

1,699 

639 

2,867 

1,413 

678 

1,.324 

1,445 

l,.'ill 

445 

913 

149 

3,435 

112 

429 

49 

1,926 

1,741 

1,076 

6,054 

340 

768 

2,026 

166 

184 

5,532 

989 

429 

1,025 

203 

324 

2,578 

666 

401 

2,052 

1,017 

1,692 

4,966 

614 

1,164 

37 

115 


215 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Nkins  of  pUce  and 
sUte. 


Tikopi.S.D.. 
Tho^  N.M 
Tapkiik,  AUokii 
THpiuiliNiiiuick,  Vi 
Tmi-h,  Minn 
Tnrn,  Minn 

THritoruugli,  N.C 

THrlKiriiUKli.  N.C 

THrtMitiini,  I'a 

Turkio,  luua 

Tiirkiu.  Mo 

IVrkio,  Mo _ 

THrltuii,  0 

Tar|K)ii  Sprin^K,  Kla 

Tar|)on  sjiringa,  Flu 

Tan  vail,  Col 

Tarrytown,  N.Y 

Tarver,  Oa 

Tiitp.Ark 

Tato,  III „ 

Tate,  O „ 

Tatea,  Ky„ _ 

Tatiliik,  Alaiika 

Taiom*,  N.C 

Taunton,  Mass 

Taus  Bay,  S.C 

TauwHX,  Wash 

Tavares,  Fla 

Tavern,  Mo _ 

Tawos,  Mich 

TawasCily.  Midi 

Tavclieeilali,  Wis 

Taylor,  Ark 

Taylor,  111 

Taylor,  Ind 

Taylor,  Ind 

Taylor,  Ind 

Taylor,  Ind 

Taylor,  Iowa 

Taylor,  Iowa 

Taylor,  lowii 

Taylor,  Iowa 

Taylor,  Iowa.- 

Taylor,  Iowa. » 

Taylor,  Mich 

Taylor,  Bliun 

Taylor,  Mo 

Taylor,  Mo.' 

Taylor,  Mo _ 

Taylor,  Mo 

Taylor,  Neb 

Taylor,  N.Y 

Taylor,  N.C 

Taylor,  N.D 

Taylor,  0 

Taylor,  Pa 

Taylor,  Pa 

Taylor,  Pa 

Taylor,  Pa 

Taylor,  .S.D 

Taylor,  Tex 

Taylor,  Va 

Taylor,  Va 

Taylor  Creek,  0 

Taylor  Mines,  Ky 

Taylor's  Bridge,  Del.... 
•Taylor's  Bii.lRo,  N.C... 
Taylor Sch'l  ilou3e,Fla. 
Taylor's  Falls,  Minn.... 
Tnylorsport,  Ky.... 
Taylorsville,  Ga.... 
Taylorsviile,  Ga.... 
Taylorsville,  Ky... 
TayloiBVille,  Ky... 
Taylorsville,  N.C. 

Taylorsville,  0 

Taylorsville,  Utah 
Taylortown,  Tenn. 
Ta'ylnrville,  Ala.... 

Tayloi-ville,  III 

Taylorville,  111 

Taymouth,  Mich.. 

Tazewell, Ga 

Tazewell,  Tenn.... 

Teachey's,  N.C 

Teardale,  Utah 

Ti-ays  Valley,  W.Va.... 

Telio.  Mo 

Tecolote,  N.M..., 
Tecumseh,  Ala.., 
Tecnnisuli,  Kan.. 
Tecumseh,  Mich, 
Tecumseh,  Mich, 
Tecumseh,  Neb.. 
Teeketiiagmnte.AIaskn 
Teenahotozona,  Alaska 

216 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-twp 

|H>St-Vill 

liamlt't 

post-vlll 

township 

townsliip 

^>Wllsll)p 

poat-vill 

postboro' 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

roil  -<li8t 

township 

township 

township 

mug  -dist 

hamlet 

township 

city 

township 

post-prect 

post-prect 

township 

township 

|K)8t-Vill 

post-twp 
township 
post-twp 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
townsliip 
township 
township 
township 
townsliip 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
post-prect 
post-town 
post-twp 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
|H>gt-town 
mag.-dist 
niag.-dist 
township 
post-vill 
post-town 
post-twp 
precinct 
post-vill 
mag-dist 
mil.-dist 
post-vill 
inag.-dist 
post-vill 
post-twp 
village 
post-town 
civil-dist 
precinct 
township 
city 

precinct 
mil.-dist 
civil-dist 
post-vill 
post-prect 
niag.-dist 
township 
post-prect 
post-prect 
post-twp 
township 
post-vill 
city 
hamlet 
i  hamlet 


CouDty. 


Minnehaha. 

Taos 


Kaaex 

Swift 

Traverse 

Kdgecombe.... 

KdgecomlH) 

Alleghany 

Page 

Atchison 

Atchison 

Pickaway 

Hill«borougli„ 
Hillsborough.. 

Park 

Westchester... 

Twiggs 

Scott 

Saline 

Clermont 

Ca^-ey 


Columbus 

Bristol 

Florence 

Pieix-e , 

Lake 

Pulaski 

Iosco 

Iosco 

Fond  du  Lac. 

Nevada 

Ogle 

Greene 

Harrison , 

Howard 

Owen 

Allamakee , 

Appanoose 

Iteiiton 

Dubuque 

Harrison 

Marshall 

Wayne 

Traverse 

Greene 

Grundy 

Shelby 

Sullivan 

Loup 

Cortland 

Wilson 

Sargent 

Union 

Blair 

Centre 

Fulton 

Lawrence 

Hanson 

Williamson.... 

Orange 

Scott 

Hardin 

Ohio 

Kew  Castle.... 

Sampson 

Hillsborough., 

Chisago 

Boone 

Bartow 

Bartow 

Spencer 

Spencer 

Ale.xander 

Muskingum... 

Salt  Lake 

Carter 

Tuscaloosa .... 

Christian 

Christian 

Saginaw 

Marion 

Claiborne 

Duplin 

Pi  Ute 

Putnam , 

Henry 

San  Miguel.... 

Cherokee 

Shawnee 

Lenawee 

Lenawee 

Johnson 


Population. 


674 
226 


3,746 
1,<HX) 
1,246 

1,716 


426 


3,0i5 
688 
213 


1,247 

21,21:! 

1,001 


1,232 

1,142 

712 

],37C 

97(1 

362 

1,689 

1,316 

1,480 

807 

877 

7-24 

1,00C 

1,068 

780 

610 

1,161 


896 

479 

1,212 

8.% 


993 
782 


1,367 

2,011 

617 

988 

819 


4,849 

2,458 

1,1S9 

113 


1.706 


1,(XI7 
1,636 


2,045 
637 

1,360 
501 


691 


.3,322 
2,2:17 
l,l.'i4 
1,096 
2,348 
66 


1,401 
1,725 


1,011 

2,702 

291 

1,268 


388 

609 

61 

462 

267 

264 

4,336 

1,924 

4,627 

038 

2,061 

1,150 

448 

411 

327 

91 

3,562 

616 

305 

970 

2,713 

1,768 

90 

1,3.59 

26,448 

1,145 

278 

272 

1,665 

2,349 

1,544 

1,269 

1,150 

314 

1,533 

1,'231 

2,(»00 

796 

785 

884 

839 

1,608 

719 

414 

1,216 

263 

886 

440 

1,369 

671 

392 

815 

863 

142 

1,309 

1,116 

577 

1,062 

1,:«4 

448 

2,.684 

4,787 

3,257 

973 

35:» 

263 

1,.567 

7-29 

667 

1,669 

873 

87 

1,620 

619 

1,7:10 

6;n 

269 

916 
1,399 
4,0.38 
2,829 
1,679 

525 

1,592 

52 

263 
1,690 
2,160 

625 
1,145 
1,085 
2,784 

283 

1,6.54 

27 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Tefaknaghamute,  Alas. 

Tegiier,  Minn 

Tuliachapi,  Cal 

Tuliania.  <.'al 

Teien,  Minn 

Tekamuli,  Neb 

Tukumali,  Neb 

Tekoa,  Wash 

Tfkonslm,  Mich 

Tekonslia,  Mich 

Telf.T.  N.D 

Telfoi-d,  Pa 

Telico,  Ark 

Tell,  Pa 

Tell  Citv,  Ind 

Teller,  Col 

Telluride,  Col 

Telluride,  Col 

Teloga,  Ga 

TenieculH,  Cal 

Temoscal,  Cal 

Temoscal,  Cal 

Tompenincc,  (Ja. 

T<'m|)erance,  Va 

Templar,  N.M 

Temple,  Ga 

Temple,  Ga 

Temple,  Me 

Temple,  N  H 

Temple,  Tex 

Templelon,  Cal 

Temi)leton,  Iowa 

Tem|ileton,  Mass 

Templetoii,  Mo 

Templeton,  Va 

Tenliasscn,  Minn 

Tenino,  Wash 

Ten  Mile,  Kan 

Ten  Mile,  Mo 

Ten  Mile,  Mont 

Ton  Mile,  Ore 

Ten  Mile,  Ore 

Ten  Mile,  Wa-h 

Ten  Mile,  W.  Va 

Ten  Mile  Lake,  Minn. 

Ten  Mile  River,  Cal 

Tennessee,  Ark 

Tennessee,  111 

Tenne.'see,  111 

Tennessee,  Ky 

Tennessee  Valley,  Ga... 

Tenuille,  Ga 

Tennille,  Ga 

Tenth,  Ga 

Tequesquite,  N.M 

Terra  Alta,  W.  Va 

Terrace,  Utah 

Terraville,  S.  D 

Terrebonne,  Minn 

Terre  Haute,  Ind 

Terre  Hill,  Pa 

Terrell,  Tex 

Terre  Noire,  Ark , 

Terry,  Kan 

Terry,  Pa , 

Terry,  M'ash 

Tescot,  Kan 

Tesnatee,  Ga 

Tesuque,  N.M 

Tesiiqiie,  N,M 

Tete  des  Moits,  Iowa... 

Teton,  Idaho 

Tetonka,  S.D 

Teutoi)oli»,  111 

Tewksbury,  Mass 

Tewkslmry,  N.J 

Texarkana,  Ark 

Texarkana,  Tex 

Texas,  Ala 

Texas,  Ark 

Texa«,  Ark 

TeXHS,  111 

Texas,  Ky 

Texas,  Mich 

Texas,  Mo 

Texas,  O 

Texas,  Pa 

Texas,  Wis 

Texas  Creek,  Col 

Texas  Creek,  Col 

Texas  Valley,  Gh 

Tliacker,  Ala 

Thacker,  Ark 

ThHrp,  Tex 

Th.iyer,  Kan 

Thayer,  Ho 


Bank  of 
place. 


village 

townsliip 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

IKWt-Vill 

]>ost-town 

townshiii 

l^iost-viU 

township 

borough 

township 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

l>o8t-vill 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

township 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

Ix)sl-!own 

city 

post-town 

I)08t-town 

IXJit-town 

township 

ning.-dist 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

l>0Bt-prect 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag  -dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

mil  -dist 

precinct 

posi-town 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

city 

post-vill 

city 

township 

towiiship 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

preci  net 

village 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

city 

city 

precinct 

township 

township 

townshij) 

mng.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

jirecinct 

jiost-precf 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-Till 


County. 


Kittson. 

Kern 

Tehama 

Kittson 

Burt 

Hurt 

Whilman 

Calhoun 

Calhoun :... 

Burleigh 

Bucks 

Saint  Francis.. 
Huntingdon..,. 

Perry 

Larimer 

San  Miguel 

San  Miguel 

Chattooga 

San  Diego 

Alameda 

San  Bernardino 

Telfair 

Amherst 

Sierra 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Franklin 

Hillsborough. 

Bell 

San  Luis  Obispo 

Carroll 

Worcester 

Atchison... 

Prince  George. 

Martin 

Tliurston 

Miaraa 

Mflcon , 

Jefferson , 

Coos  

Douglas 

Whatcom 

Harrison 

Lac-quiParle.. 

Mendocino 

Grant 

McDonough.... 
McDonongh.... 

Caldwell 

Kabun 

Washington.... 
Washington,... 

Murray 

Mora 

Preston 

Box  Elder 

Lawrence 


Polk 

Vigo 

Lancaster.. . 
Kaufman.... 

Clarke 

Finney 

Bradford 

Whatcom  .. 

Ottawa 

White 

Santa  F6.... 
Santa  F6.... 

.lackson 

Bingham 

Spink 

Kflingliam.... 

Middlesex 

Hunterdon..., 

Miller. 

Bowie 

Macon 

Crrtigliead 

Lee 

DeWitt 

Pulaski 

Kalamazoo.... 

Dent 

Crawford 

Wayne 

Marathon 

Chester. 

Fremont 

Floyd 

Blount 

Lawrence 

Montgomery 

Neosho 

Oregon 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,824 


1,082 
770 


1,6(X5 
497 


774 
],0,'>8 
2,112 


688 
4,083 


1,863 


6S0 
402 


2,789 
986 

1,657 
227 


33 
360 


2,343 
211 
8,59 
4:i5 

1,083 
262 

l,2:i3 
051 


99 
1,035 


251 

775 

155 

20,042 


2,003 
1,148 


1,280 


952 
2,179 
2,108 
1,:^90 
3,223 

561 

200 
1,124 

951 


1,012 
943 
587 

4,250 
468 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Thayer,  Neb 

Thayer,  Neb 

Thebes,  III 

Thedf..ril,  Neb 

The  Islauds,  Va 

Theodore,  Ala 

Tlieon,  Wash 

Theresa,  N.Y 

Theresa,  N.Y 

Theresa,  S.D 

Theresa,  Wis. ~ 

Thetford,  Mich 

Thetford,  Vt 

Thiboileaux,  La 

ThingviiUa,  N.U 

Thill  Point,  Alaska 

Third,  Ga 

Third  Creek,  Mo 

Thief  River  Falls, 

Minn 

Thistle,  Utah 

Thomas,  Ariz 

Thomas,  Kan 

Thomas,  Kiin 

Thomas,  Ky 

Thomas,  Mo. 

Thomas,  W.  Va 

Tiiomas  Fork,  Idaho.... 

Thomaston,  Conn 

Thomaston,  Conn 

Thomiuston,  Ga 

Thomaston,  Ga 

Thomasti^in,  Me 

Thomaston,  Tex 

Thomastown,  Mich 

Thoniastuwn,  Minn 

Thomastown,  Miss. 

Thomasville,  Ala 

Tliomasville,  Ala 

Thomasville,  Ga 

Thomasville,  Ga 

Thomasville,  N.C... 

Thomasville,  N.C 

Thompson,  &c.,  Ala. 

Thompson,  Ala 

Thompson,  Ala 

Thompson,  Ark 

Thompson,  Conn 

Thompson,  III 

Thompson,  Iowa 

Tlii'mpson,  Mich 

Thompson,  Mich 

Thompson,  Blinn 

Thompson,  Slont 

Thompson,  Mont 

Thompson,  Neb 

Thompson,  N.Y 

Thompson,  N.C 

Thompson,  N.C 

Thompson,  0 

Thompson,  0 

Thompson,  0 

Thompson,  Pa 

Thompson,  P« 

Thompson,  Pa 

Thompson  &  Barnes.Gn 
Thompson  Creek,  Miss. 
Thompson  Cross  Roads, 

Ala 

Thompson  Mill,  Ala.... 

Thonipsoiitown,  Pa 

Thompsonville,  III 

Thomson,  Ga 

Thomson,  Ga 

Thomson,  111 

Thomson,  Minn 

Thomson,  Mo 

Thonotosa-'sa,  Fla 

Thordenskjold,  N.D 

Thorn,  Tenn 

Thornapple,  Mich 

Thornburg,  Neb 

Thoriiliuiy,  Pa 

Thorubnry,  Pa 

Tliorn  Creek,  Idaho 

Thorn  Creek.  Ind 

Thorndale,  Tex 

Thorndike,  Me 

Thorne,  0 

Thornton,  Ark 

Thornton,  111 

Thornton,  Neb 

Thornton,  N.H 

Thornton,  Tex 

Thorntown,  Ind 

Thoruville,  Ala 

15 


Rank  of 
place. 


precinct 

post-twp 

post-piect 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

poBt-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post,  vi  II 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

village 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-beat 

precinct 

post-vill 

mll.-dist 

lK)Ht-Vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

township 

townnhip 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

mil.-dist 

beat 

precinct 

precinct 

post-boro' 

IKwt-vill 

mil  -dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

lK)st-twp 

township 

post-prect 

township 

civil-dist 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 


County. 


Thurston 

York 

Alexander... 

Thomas 

Accomack.... 

Mobile 

Asotin 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Beadle 

Dodge 

Genesee 

Oiange 

La  Fourche.. 
Pembina 


Coweta 

Gasconade.. 


Polk 

Utah 

Graham 

Ellsworth 

Grant 

Lee 

Ripley 

Tucker 

Bear  Lake 

Litchfield 

Litchfield 

Upson 

Upson 

Knox 

l>e  Witt. 

Saginaw 

Wadena 

Leake 

Bnllock 

Clarke 

Thomas 

Thomas , 

Davidson 

Davidson 

Blount 

Fayette 

Marshall 

Pike 

Windham 

Jo  Daviess 

Guthrie , 

Iosco 

Schoolciaft 

Kittson 

Missoula 

Missoula 

Pierce , 

Sullivan , 

Alamance 

Robes  in 

Delaware , 

Geauga 

Seneca , 

Fulton 

Susquehanna... 
Susquehanna... 

Jasper 

Perry 


Blount 

Tuscaloosa 

Juniata 

Franklin 

McDuffie 

McDnfiie 

Carroll 

Carlton 

Scotland 

Hillsborough.. 

Barnes 

Weakley 

Barry 

Hayes 

Chester 

Delaware 

Latah 

Whitley 

Milam 

Waldo 

Perry 

Calhoun 

Cook 

Buffalo 

Grafton 

Limestone 

Boone 

Sumter.......... 


Population. 


1,06-i 


2,389 
8S2 


2,018 
1,400 
1,529 
1,515 


2,380 
1,267 


3,225 


2,047 

570 

3,017 


1,048 

251 

2,0(i6 

1,308 


5,98i 

2,5.->5 

3,957 

450 


5.52 
1,019 
l,15;i 
5,051 

948 

1,05S 

81 


3,703 

1,280 

2,734 

851 

1,021 

1,901 

732 

C50 

249 

598 

670 


441 

275 
172 
3,239 
700 
380 
319 


585 
1,940 


262 
943 


1,488 


713 
1,900 


3,337 


775 

182 

1,515 

828 


428 
774 
673 
237 

2,146 
277 
224 

2,391 

1,028 
144 

1,701 

1,372 
1,287 
2,078 
759 
231 
2,406 
1,188 

191 

195 

280 

108 

985 

322 

269 

246 

3,278 

985 

2,429 

1,181 

3,009 

494 

1,2(W 

387 

2,270 

1,171 

291 

8,757 

5,514 

3,405 

590 

1,767 

659 

1,159 

1.613 

6,580 

955 

1,047 

65 

931 

101 

1,143 

;i39 

238 

3,402 

1,241 

3,750 

750 

921 

1,634 

796 

667 

302 

961 

1,124 

381 
347 
291 
309 

3,044 
836 
374 
6S6 

1,221 
658 
260 
564 

1,084 
281 
251 
920 
572 

1,322 
47 
589 

1,690 
400 

6,201 
426 
632 
466 

1,.5.30 
881 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Thornville,  0 

Thorp,  S.D 

Thorp,  Wis 

Thorp,  Wis 

Thorp's  Spring,  Tex 

Three  Buck,  Ore 

Three  Forks,  Mont 

Three  Forks, Ore 

Three  Lakes,  Minn 

Three  Lakes.  Wis 

Three  Mile,  S.C 

Three  Mile,  Utah 

Three  Oaks,  Mich 

Three  Oaks,  Mich 

Three  Rivers,  Mich 

Three  Rivers,  N.M 

Three  Springs,  Pa 

Throckmorton,  Tex 

Throop,  N.Y 

Thuiber,  Tex 

Thurber,  Utah 

Thurman,  Iowa 

Thnrman,  Neb 

Thnrman,  N.Y 

Thurston,  N.Y 

Thurston,  0 

Tia  Juana,  Cal 

Tiber,  N.D 

Tickanetley,  Ga 

Ticklesville,  Tenn 

Ticonderoga,  N.Y 

Ticonderoga,  N.Y 

Tidewater,  Ore 

Tidioute,  Pa 

Tiengaghamute,  Ala«... 
Tierra  Amarilla,  N  M.. 

Tierra  Blanca,  N  M 

Tiffany,  Wis 

Tiffin,  0 

Tiffin, 0 

Tiffin,  0 

Tioga,  Ga 

Tiger  Fork,  Mo 

Tikina,  Idaho 

Tilden,  HI  

Tilden,  Iowa 

Tilden,  Kan 

Tilden,  Mich 

Tilden,  Minn 

Tilden,  Pa 

Tilden,  Tex 

Tilden,  Wis 

Tilghmanlon,  Md 

Tilman  Mill,  Ala 

Tilton,  Ga 

Tilton,  Ga 

Tilton,  III 

Tilton,  Ky 

Tilton,  Ky 

Tilton,  N.n 

Timber,  HI 

Timber  Creek,  Iowa 

Timber  Creek,  Neb 

Timber  Hill,  Kan 

Timberllne,  Mont 

Timber  Ridge,  W.  Va  . 
Timber  Valley,  Wash... 

Time,  111 

Timmonsville,  S.C 

Timmonsville,  S.C 

Timpson,  Tex 

Tin  Cup,  Col 

Tingley,  Iowa 

Tingley,  Iowa 

Tinicnm,  Pa „ 

Tinicum,  Pa 

Tinmath,  Col 

Tinmouth,  Vt 

Tinney's  Grove,  Mo 

Tinfali,  Minn 

Tintic,  Utah 

Tioga,  Kao 

Tioga,  N.Y 

Tioga,  Pa 

Tioga,  Pa 

Tionesta,  Pa. 

Tionesta,  Pa 

Tippecanoe,  Ind 

Tippecanoe,  Ind 

Tippecanoe,  Ind 

Tippecanoe,  Ind 

Tippecanoe,  Ind 

Tippecanoe,  Iowa 

Tippecanoe  City,  O 

Tipton,  Ind 

Tipton,  Ind 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

township 

township 

liost-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

village 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

IKist-prect 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

mil.-dist 

civil-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-boro' 

hamlet 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

city 

mil.-di«t 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

district 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

village 

precinct 

post-vill 

I)Ost-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

jKjst-town 

post-prect 

township 

p  st-vill 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

ix)8t-vill 

l)OSt-twp 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 


County. 


Perry 

Clark 

Clarke 

Clarke 

Hood 

Wallowa 

Gallatin 

Malheur 

Redwood 

Forest 

Barnwell 

Box  Elder 

Berrien 

Berrien 

Saint  Joseph... 

Donna  Ana 

Huntingdon.... 
Throckmorton 

Cavuga 

Erath 

Pi  Ute 

Fremont 

Rock 

Warren 

Steuben 

Fairfield 

San  Diego 

Walsh 

Gilmer.„ 

Gibson 

Essex 

Essex 

Benton 

Warren 


Rio  Arriba 

Sierra 

Dunn „,.., 

AdHms 

Defiance 

Seneca 

Rabun 

Shelby 

Logan 

Itandoli>h 

Cherokee 

Osborne 

Marquette 

Polk 

Berks 

McMullen 

Chippewa 

Washington ... 

Coffee 

Whitfield 

Whitfield 

Vermilion 

Fleming 

Fleming 

Belknap 

Peoria 

Marshall 

Nance 

Bourbon 

Gallatin 

Morgan 

Klikitat 

Pike 

Florence 

Florence 

Shelby 

Gunnison 

Ringgold 

Ringgold 

Bucks 

Delaware 

Larimer 

Rutland 

Ray 

Traverse 

Juab 

Neosho 

Tioga 

Tioga 

Tioga 

Forest 

Foi'ost 

Carroll 

Kosciusko 

Marshall 

Pulaski 

Tippecanoe..... 

Henry 

Miami 

Vnta 

Tipton 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 


102 

l',824 


1,393 

474 

2,525 


239 

37 

1,188 


378 


1,174 

1,366 


1,106 

975 

3.304 


86 
1,265 


413 

2,212 
1,526 
7,879 
298 
1,163 


1,580 
397 
785 
206 
297 
986 
94 
1,282 
1,774 
994 


1,211 


182 

1,541 

557 


2,-346 
224 


650 

1,851 

.3,192 

1,258 

620 

622 

469 

1,174 

1,323 

1,431 

944 

2,182 

1,496 

1,401 

1,982 

1,250 

217 


405 
165 

1,192 
723 
4^5 
151 
125 
h9 
274 
134 

2,452 
303 

1,754 
885 

3,131 
163 
192 
240 

1,050 
978 
273 
395 
103 

1,100 

1,113 
213 
103 
415 
645 
983 

3,980 

2,267 
82 

1,328 

eo 

624 

81 

1,118 

2,60<J 

1,607 

10,801 

62S 

1,451 

95 

622 

610 

612 

908 

219 

1,082 

500 

1,313 

1,392 

352 

732 

182 

474 

859 

96 

1,521 

1,536 

942 

327 

1,119 

477 

874 

131 

146 

1,370 

616 

518 

209 

901 

25)5 

2,098 

183 

400 

435 

77 

158 

2,:«4 

994 

2,4.W 

1,424 

6,57 

047 

677 

1,040 

1,.509 

1,465 

981 

2,232 

1,172 

1,465 

2,016 

2,697 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Kwne  of  place  aud 
•Ut«. 


Tipton,  luwa. 

Tipton,  Iowa. 

Ti|>tun,  Uo 

Til>toii,  Neb 

Tlploiiville,  N.M 

TIptonville,  Tenn 

TUbury,  Muaa 

Tladale,  Ark 

TiwUlo,  Kan 

Tialiaben,  Ala. 

TUkilwa,  III 

Tillalukwasaee,  Mich 

TituaviUe,  Fla. 

TituaviUe,  Pa 

Tiveiton,  O 

Tiverton,  R.I 

Tivoli,  N.Y 

TlegochitnatfUiute, 

Alaska 

Tobacco,  Mich 

Tobias,  Neb 

TobiD,  Ind 

ToWn,  S.D 

Toboyne,  Ba. 

Toby.  Pa. 

Tobyhanua,  Pa 

Toccoah,  Ga 

Toccoa,  Ga 

Tocc'oa,  Ga 

Toccopola,  Mld8 

Tod,  O 

Todd,  itc,  Minu 

Todd,  l'a.„ 

Todd,  Pa. 

Todd  Cre^k,  Neb 

Todd'g  Point,  III 

Toe  Biver,  N.C 

To^riaganiuie,  Alaska... 

Toglak,  Alaska 

ToUnot,  NO 

Toignot,  N.C 

Tokna,  Minn 

Toledo,  III 

Toledo,  Iowa.. 

Toledo,  Iowa 

Toledo,  Kan 

Toledo,  0 

Toledo,  Ore 

Toleilo,  Wash 

Toledo,  Wash 

Tolesborough,  Ky 

Tolland,  Conn....". 

Tolland,  Ma^ 

Tolono,  III 

Tolono,  III 

ToUtoi  Bay,  Alaska 

Toluka,  Ala 

Toin,  Mo 

Tomah,  Wis 

Tomali,  Wis 

TomithHwk,  Ark 

Tomahawk,  Ark 

Tomahawk,  Wis 

Tonialig,  Cal 

Tomales,  Cal 

Tombstone,  Ariz. 

Tow  Creek,  Ky 

Tom  Creek,  Ky 

Tome,  N.M 

Tomichi,  Col 

Towkinsville,  Fla 

Tximlinson,  Ark 

Tompkins,  Ga 

Tompkins,  III 

Tompkins,  Mich 

Tompkins,  N.Y 

Tompkinsville,  Ky 

Tonawanda,  N.Y 

Tonganoxie,  Kan 

Toiiganoxie,  Kan 

Tonica,  111 

Tonll,  III 

TontoKany,  O 

Tooele,  Utah 

Toomslxirongh,  Ga. 

Toone,  Tenn 

Topeka,  III 

Topeka,  Kan 

Topeka,  Kan 

Topolnik,  Alaska 

Topouis,  Idaho 

Topsail,  N.C 

Topsfi^ld,  Me 

Topefi^ld,  Mass 

Topsham,  Me 

Totwbom,  Vt 

2^8. 


Rank  of 
place. 


poat-town 

township 

poat-town 

precinct 

|)08t-prect 

poat-vill 

township 

townaliip 

po8t-twp 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

city 

township 

post-town 

post-Till 

hamlet 

township 

post-rill 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post  twp 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

liHrnlet 

hauilet 

township 

village 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

city 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

po8t>prect 

postal  own 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

hamlet 

precinct 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

townsliip 

post-vill 

city 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post  prrct 

mil.-ilist 

post-town 

poat-vill 

township 

city 

hamlet 

post-prect 

township 

post-tow  n 

post-town 

pi>st-town 

post-town 


County. 


Cedar. 

Hardin 

Moniteau... 

Caw 

Mora 

Lake 

Uukva 

Cleveland.. 

Cowley 

Greene 

Bureau 

Saginaw.... 

Brevard 

Crawford... 
Coshocton.. 
Newport... . 
Dutchess... 


Gladwin 

Saline 

Perry 

Davison 

Perry 

Clarion 

Monroe. 

Fannin 

Habersham... 
Habersham... 

Pontotoc 

Crawford 

Hnbburd 

Fulton 

Huntingdon.. 

Johnson 

Shidby 

Mitchell 


Wilson 

Wilson 

Big  Stone 

Cumberland.. 

Tama 

Tama 

Chase 

Lucas 

Benton 

Lewis. 

Lewis. 

Lewis 

Tolland 

Hampden 

Chamiwign... 
Chami>aign... 


Butler 

Bentui 

Monroe 

Monroe 

Marion 

Searcy , 

Lincoln 

Mann 

Marin 

Cochise 

Bell 

Johnson 

Valencia 

Gunnison 

Citrus 

Scott , 

Putnam 

Warren 

Jackson 

Delaware 

Monroe 

Erie 

Leavenworth., 
Leavenworth.. 

La  Salle 

Marion 

Wood 

Tooele 

Wilkinson , 

Hardeman , 

Mason 

Shawnee 

Shawnee 


Logan 

Pender 

Washington. 

Kssex 

Sagadahoc.... 
Orange 


Population. 


1880.      160O. 


1,209 
710 
UbU 
717 


94C 
1,618 


849 
1,662 

763 
l,5(Xi 


9,046 

040 

2,506 

1,264 


2,244 


853 
1,272 

838 

521 
1,478 

679 


1,009 

"626 
848 

1,190 
507 

1,105 


2,017 
313 
269 


1,7-15 
1,026 

981 
50,137 

232 


l,4:i4 
1,169 

4.')2 

1,8.59 

905 


829 
812 
861 
1,245 
351 
485 


1,080 


973 

1,002 

626 


1,606 

793 

1,994 

1,270 

2,i>34 

3,319 

3,864 

1,8(1 

426 

5(14 

9(KI 

34:< 

1,096 

1,669 

190 

98 

2,2:W 

15,452 


1,705 
440 
1,165 
1,.544 
1,366 


1,69» 

1,083 

1,26-1 

901 

648 

36:1 

1,606 

767 

698 

1,684 

801 

1,681 

746 

8,073 

909 

2,8:17 

1,360 

60 

196 

639 

2,315 

244 

851 

1,161 

630 

868 

2.582 

1,120 

190 

974 

415 

682 

761 

1,216 

600 

1,236 

94 

14 

2,5:« 

482 

323 

676 

2,3!t;J 

1,836 

1,((24 

81,4:J4 

645 

3t>4 

276 

1,496 

1,037 

393 

1,777 

9  2 

17 

5.18 

1,115 

698 

2,199 

451 

674 

1,816 

1,096 

225 

1,875 

1,225 

675 

1,130 

49 

46 

1,(193 

787 

1,667 

1,159 

2,626 

2,949 

7,145 

2,0:i6 

673 

473 

964 

175 

1,008 

1,.371 

254 

141 

6,774 

31,(Hi7 

42 

94 

1,612 

375 

1,022 

1,394 

1,187 


Name  of  place  ftnd 
state. 


Topton,  Pa 

Tixiuervilie,  Utah 

Tordi  Lake,  Mich 

Torch  Lake,  Mich 

Tordenskjold,  Miun.... 

Torning,  Miun 

Toro,  La 

Toronto,  Iowa. 

Toronto,  Kan 

Toronto,  Kan 

Toronto,  O 

Toronto.  S  D 

Torreon,  N.M 

Torrey,  N.Y...  

Torrey  Lake,  S.D 

Torrington,  Conn 

Toriington,  Conn 

Totaro,  Va 

Totten,  Ark 

Tolten,  N.D 

Toulon,  III 

Toul.n,  III 

Touitelotte,  Col 

Towaliga,  (ia 

Towaniensing,  Pa 

Towaniensiiig,  Pa 

Towaiida,  III 

Towanila,  111 

Towanda,  Kan 

Towanda,  Kan 

Towanda,  Kan 

Towanda,  Pa 

Towanda,  Pa 

Tower,  Minn 

Tower,  Neb 

Tower,  N.D 

Tower  City,  ND 

Tower  City,  Pa. 

Tower  Hill,  111 

Tower  Hill,  III 

Towie,  Ga 

Towle8,CaI 

Town,  Giu 

Town,  Ga 

Town,  Ga 

Town,  Ga 

Town,  Ga 

Town,  Ga. 

Town,  Ga 

Town,  Ga 

Town,  Ga 

Town,  Ga 

Town,  W.  Va 

Town  Creek,  Ala 

Town  Creek,  Ala 

Town  Creek,  Ga 

Town  Creek,  Ga 

Town  Creek,  N.C 

Towner,  Col 

Towner,  N.D 

Towuesville,  N.C 

Townsend,  Del 

Townseiid,  Ga 

Townsend,  Mass 

Townsend,  Mont 

Townsend,  0 

Townsend,  0 

Townshend,  Vt 

Townville,  Pa 

Towson,  Md 

Toyonok,  Alaska 

Trace  Fork,  Ky 

Tracey,  Ky 

Tracy,  Minn 

Tracy,  Neb ,. 

Tracy  City,  Tenn 

Tiade  Lake,  Wis 

Trader  Hill,  Ga 

Traer,  Iowa 

Ti-ail  Creek,  Mo 

Triiil  Creek,  Ore 

Trail  Fork,  Ore 

Trails,  Ala 

Tramniett's  Cross 

Roads,  Ala 

Tramfieras,  N.M , 

Tnuiqnilla,  Ga 

Transit.  Minn 

Trap  Hill,  N.C 

Trap  Hill,  W.  Va 

Trappe,  Sid , 

Trappe,  M<l ,. 

Trappe,  Md 

Traskwood,  Ark 

TiavellerV  Best,  Ala... 
Traver,  Cal 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-boro' 

)>ost-|>rect 

]>o8t-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-ward 

post-town 

township 

txjst-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

t(>wuship 

township 

post-boro' 

mag.-dist 

township 

townsliip 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

|)Ost-vill 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

city 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

niil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

pietinct 

post-vill 

niil.-di.'<t 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-  prect 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

IHist-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-boro' 

post-town 

village 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

(Hist-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

mil  -dist 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

district 

post-vill 

district 

post-twp 

po8t-pre<:t 

post-town 


County. 


Berks 

Wasliington... 

Antrim 

Houghton 

Otter  Tail 

Swift 

Sabine 

Cllntol , 

Woodson 

Woodson 

Jefferson 

Deuel 

Valencia 

Yates 

Brul6 

Litchfield 

Litchfield 

Brunswick 

Lonoke„ 

Benson 

Stark 

Stark 

Pitkin 

Butts 

Carbon 

Montgomery.. 

McLean , 

McLean 

Butler 

Butler , 

Philliis 

Bradford 

Bradford 

St.  Louis 

Cherry 

Cass 

Cuss 

Schuvlkill 

Slielby 

Shelby , 

Jones 

Placer. ,, 

Clay , 

Hart 

Murray 

Newton 

Pickens 

Rockdale 

Talliot 

Towns 

Walton 

Wilkes 

Raleigh 

Lawrence 

Lawrence 

Gilmer 

White 

Brunswick  „.. 

Kiowa 

McHenry 

Vance..._ 

New  Castle.... 

Pickens 

Middlesex 

Meagher 

Huron 

Sandusky 

Windliam 

Crawford 

Baltimore 


Magoffin.. 

Barren 

Lyon 

Bock 

Grundy... 
Burnett... 
Charlton.. 

Tama 

Harrison.. 
Jackson... 
Gilliam.... 
Lamar .... 


Chambers.. 

Mora 

JoneK 

Slliley 

Wilkes 

Raleigh..... 

Talbot 

Talbot 

Wicomico.. 

Saline 

Coosa 

Tulare 


Population. 


1880.      1890, 

615 

371 
170 


444 

356 
627 


1,246 
3,327 


2,933 
846 


907 


1,074 
931 

1,282 

1,2.55 
261 
562 
63 
257 

1,14; 

3,814 


169 


1,478 

391 

496 

225 

1,906 

1,796 

929 

3,346 

1,005 

3,440 

1,944 

642 

1,476 

2,990 

1,498 


1,50 

381 

826 

2,392 


2,(Ki7 
199 

668 
1,907 


1,405 
1,697 
1,1199 
61(1 
1,316 


696 

2,599 

322 


580 

403 

1,100 

S2> 


1,607 


800 

527 
1,653 

961 
4,553 

301 
1,5.53 

4(KI 
1,074 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  KETURNS  OF   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  aud 
state. 


Traverse,  Mich 

Traverse,  Minn 

Traverse  City,  Mich.... 

Tredjffrin,  Pa 

Tremenlina,  N.M 

Tremiint,  Cal 

Tremoiit,  111 

Tremont,  Til 

Tremont,  Me 

Tremont,  Mo 

Tremont,  Pa 

Tremont,  Pa 

Trempealeau,  Wis 

Trent,  N.C 

Trenton,  Ga.. . 

Trenton,  Ga 

Trenton,  III 

Trenton,  Iowa - 

Trenton,  Kan 

Trenton,  Ky 

Trenton,  Ky 

Trenton,  Mich 

Trenton,  Mo 

Trenton,  Mo 

Trenton,  Neb 

Trenton,  Neb.... 

Trenton,  N..J 

Trenton,  N.Y 

Trenton,  N.Y 

Trenton,  N.C 

Trenton,  N.C 

Trenton,  0 

Trenton,  S  C. '..... 

Trenton,  SD 

Trenton,  Tenn 

Trenton,  Utah 

Trenton,  Wis 

Trenton,  Wis 

Trenton,  Wis. 

Trcscott,  Me 

Tres  Piedras,  N.M 

Tres  Pinos,  Cal 

Triiidelphia,  W.  Va 

Triadelpliia,  W.  Va 

Triadelphia,  W.  Va 

Triana,  Ala 

Triangle,  N.Y 

Tribune,  Kan 

Tribune,  Kan 

Trickum,  Ga 

Trim  Belle,  Wis 

Trimble,  Ala 

Trimble,  0 

Trimble,  0 

Tiimble,  Tenn 

Trinachamnte,  Alaska. 

Trinchera,  Col 

Trinidad,  Cal 

Trinidad,  Col 

Trinity,  Ala 

Trinity,  N.C .... 

Trinity,  N.C 

Trinity,  Tex 

Trinity  Centre,  Cal 

Trion,  Ga 

Trion,  Ga 

Tiiplett,  Mo 

Triiilett,  Mo 

Tripp,  S.D 

Trippville,  Ga 

Triumph,  Neb 

Triumph,  Pa 

Trivoli,  111 

Trondlijen,  Minn 

Trotter,  Mo 

Troublesome,  Col ;.. 

Troublesome,  Ky 

Troublesome,  Ky 

Troup,  Tex 

Troupsburg,  N.Y 

Trout.  ic.,Ky 

Trout  Creek,"Ore 

Trout  Lake,  Mich 

Trout  Lake,  Wash 

Troutman's,  N.C 

Trowbridge,  Mich 

Troy,  Ala 

Troy,  Ala 

Troy,  Ark 

Troy,  III 

Troy,  III 

Troy,  Ind 

Troy,  Ind 

Troy,  Ind 

Troy,  Ind 

Troy,  Ind , 


Bank  of 

place. 


township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

township 

(ost-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

p(jst-boro' 

post-twp 

township 

mil-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

po6t-twp 

township 

mag.-dint 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

city 

precinct 

post-vill 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

[)OSt-town 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

hamlet 

post-prect 

post-twp 

city 

precinct 

township 

village 

post-town 

|iost-twp 

mil  -dist 

village 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-prect 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

I)ost-vill 

township 


County. 


Grand  Traverse 

Nicollet 

Grand  Traverse 

Chester 

San  Miguel 

Solano 

Tazewell 

Tazewell 

Hancock 

Buchanan 

Schuylkill 

Schuylkill 

Trempealeau ... 

Lenoir 

Dade 

Dade 

Clinton 

Henry 

Edwards 

Todd 

Todd 

Wayne 

Grundy 

Grundy 

Hitchcock 

Hitchcock 

Mercer 

Oneida 

Oneida 

Jones 

Jones 

Delaware 

Edgefield 

Brookings 

Gibson 

Cache 

Dodge 

Pierce 

Washington 

Washington 

Taos. 

San  Benito 

Logan 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Madison 

Browne 

Greeley 

Greeley 

Whitfield 

Pierce 

Cullman 

Athens 

Athens 

Dyer 


Las  Animas., 

Humboldt 

Las  Animas., 

Morgan 

Randolph 

Randolph.... 

Trinity 

Trinity 

Chattooga ... 
Chattooga.... 

Chariton 

Chaiiton 

Hutchinson.. 

Pulaski 

Custer 

Warren 

Peoria 

Otter  Tail.... 

Carroll 

Grand 

Breathitt.... 

Perry 

Smith 

Steuben 

Trimble 

Harney 

Chippewa..... 

Klikitat 

Iredell 

Allegan 

Pike 

Pike 

Mississippi... 

Madison 

Will 

De  Kalb 

Fountain 

Perry 

P<rry 

Whitley 


Population. 


2,679 

5.')(l 

1,897 

1,97& 


536 

1,235 

417 

2,on 

1,318 

1,(101 

1,785 

1,507 

949 

524 

2,5.'> 

1,188 

1,372 

2:« 

3,56»< 

152 

1,103 

4,477 

3,312 


29,910 
3,097 

2«n 

1,173 
149 

899 


1,383 
209 

1,624 
737 

1,890 
552 


800 

983 

3,027 

313 


2,073 


851 
1,148 

950 
1,367 

121 


61^ 
2,220 


1,518 
240 


279 
1,485 

613 
1,168 

203 


1,070 


1,100 

1,136 

633 


1,031 
1,298 
3,52 
2,494 
2,114 


71 

1,437 

4,(^2 

2,204 

776 

648 

1,0  5 

600 

3,001 

6,4' 

495 

924 


4,833 
583 

4,3.53 

2,549 
•^88 
440 

1,280 
508 

2,036 

1,237 
771 

2,064 

1,584 

1,130 
629 
378 

1,384 

l,l:J5 
234 

3,056 
455 
789 

6,242 

5,039 

601 

267 

87,4.58 

2,709 
284 

1,210 
207 
876 
302 
3.37 

1,693 
246 

1,472 
951 

1,760 
485 
288 

1,471 

1,524 

3,4K4 
515 

1,823 

1,879 
623 
»! 
772 

1,594 
985 

4,906 
440 
428 
M 
294 
4f(3 

5,523 

1,143 

1,873 
380 
856 
318 

1,767 
807 

1,256 
313 
220 

1,742 
302 
941 

1,101 
794 

1,161 
82 

1,0(4 

? 1,200 

46.) 

2,174 

2,7.59 

O'l 

112 

63 

H'9 

1,311 

5,1.56 

3,449 

1,206 

826 

895 

607 

2,908 

6,996 

5,54 

945 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Troy,  Iowa 

Troy,  Iowa 

Troy,  Iowa 

Troy,  Iowa 

Troy,  Kan 

Tioy,  Kan 

Troy,  Me 

Troy,  Mich 

Troy,  Mich 

Troy,  Minn 

Troy,  Minn 

Troy,  Miss 

Troy,  Mo 

Troy,  N.H 

Troy,  N.Y 

Troy,  N.C 

Troy,  0 

Troy,  0 

Troy,  0 

Troy,  0 

Troy,  O 

Troy,  O 

Troy,  O 

Troy,  0 

Tioy,  Pa 

Troy,  Pa 

Troy,  P8„ 

Troy,  S.C 

Troy,  S.D 

Troy,  S.D 

Troy,  S.D 

Troy,  Tenn 

Troy,  Tenn «... 

Troy,  Tex 

Troy,  Vt 

Troy,  W.  Va 

Troy,  Wis 

Troy,  Wis 

Troy,  Wis 

Troy  Glove,  111 

Troy  Grove,  III 

Truckee,  Cal 

Truckwheel,  Ga 

Trull,  Col 

Truly,  Mont 

Trumansburg,  N.Y 

Trumbull,  Conn 

Trumbull, O 

Trundle's  C's  Rds,Tenn 

Truro,  III 

Truro,  Mass 

Truro,  0 

Truro,  S.D 

Trussville,  Ala 

Truxton,  N.Y 

Tryon,  N.C 

Tualatin,  On- 

Tualco,  Wash 

Tubal,  Ark 

Tuckahoe,  N.C 

Tuckahoe.Va 

Tucker,  W.  Va 

Tucker  Store,  Ala 

Tucson,  Ariz 

Tuflouborough,  N.H.... 

Tugaloo,  S.C 

Tulare,  Cal 

Tulare,  Cal 

Tulare,  Cal 

Tulare,  S.D 

Tularosa,  N.M 

Tularosa.  N.M 

Tule  Lake,  Ac,  Cal 

Tule  Lake,  Ore 

Tnle  River,  Cal 

Tullahoma,  Tenn 

Tully,  N.Y 

Tnllv,  N.Y 

Tully,  0 

Tully,0 

Tulpeliocken,  Pa 

Tulnkaguagamute, 

Alaska 

Tuluk»<agraute,  Alaska 

Turn  Turn.  Ore 

Tumuli,  Minn 

Tumwater,  Wash 

Tunaghamute,  Alaska 

Tuiibiidge,Ill 

Tuiibridgp,  Vt 

Tunica,  Miss 

Tunkliannock,  Pa 

Tunkhannock,  Pa 

Tunkliannock,  Pa. 

Tunnel  Hill,  Ga 

Tuunel  UiU,  Ga. 


Rank  of 

place. 


township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-town 

jiost-vill 

post-town 

city 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

l)ost-boro' 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

civil. -dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

townsliip 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

mil. -dist 

po»t-prect 

post-i)rect 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

civil-dist 

post-twp 

post  town 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

city 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post  prect 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

hamlet 

hamlet 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

hamlet 

township 

post-town 

post  town 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 


Coutity. 


Clarke 

Iowa 

Monroe 

Wright 

Doniphan 

Reno 

Waldo 

Newaygo 

Oakland. 

Pipe  Stone 

Renville 

Pontotoc 

Lincoln 

Cheshire 

Rensselaer.  ... 
Montgomery.. 

Ashland „ 

Athens 

Delaware 

Geauga 

Miami 

Morrow 

Richland 

Wood 

Bradford 

Bradford 

Crawford 

Abbeville 

Day 

Grant 

Sully 

Obion 

Obion 

Bell 

Orleans 

Gilmer 

St.  Croix 

Sauk 

Walworth 

La  Salle 

La  Salle 

Nevada 

Pickens 

Eoutt 

Cascade 

Tompkins 

Fairfield 

Ashtabula 

Levier 

Knox 

Barnstable 

Franklin 

Aurora 

Jefferson 

Cortland 

Polk 

Clackamas  .... 

Snohomish 

ITnion 

Jones 

Henrico 

Wirt 

Montgomery  . 

Pima 

Carroll.- 

Oconee 

San  Joaquin... 

Tulare 

Tulare 

Spink 

Donna  Ana.... 

Socorro 

Modoc 

Klamath 

Tulare 

Coffee 

Onondaga 

Onondaga 

Marion 

Van  Wert 

Berks 


Benton 

Otter  Tail.. 
Thurston... 


De  Witt 

Orange , 

Tunica 

Monroe 

Wyoming., 
Wyoming . 
Whitfield... 
Whitfield^. 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,083 
956 

3,706 
491 
694 
181 

1,059 
185 

1,586 
176 
167 


839 

796 

56,747 

855 

715 

1,858 

954 

901 

3,803 

730 

1,424 

1,407 

1,.558 

1,241 

1,327 


2,921 
341 


1,522 
1,752 

979 
1,029 

964 
1,407 

168 
1,14 

777 


1,370 

1,323 

960 

969 

717 

1,017 

1,955 


1,550 
994 
261 


1,427 

675 

4,727 

1,406 

2,545 

7,007 

923 

2,234 

1,308 

802 

447 


2,282 
1,083 
1,476 
434 
878 
1,610 
2,092 


185 
392 
171 


1,601 
1,262 


292 

1,:«4 

1,116 

784 

258 

219 


1,259 

1,413 

3,859 
60.J 
730 
249 
868 
64.J 

1,470 
308 
426 
176 
971 
999 
60,956 

1,389 
610 

1,760 
745 
841 

4,494 
050 

1,211 

i,8oa 

1,526 

1,307 

1,493 

311 

211 

249 

39 

2,679 

394 

219 

1,673 

2,502 

692 

911 

972 

1,313 

2S» 

1,350 

88f) 

1(17 

166 

1,211 

1,453 

855 

1,114 

866 

919 

1,823 

151 

462 

1,328 

1,310 

411 

216 

1,.590 

754 

4,875 

1,517 

2,658 

5,150 

767 

3,200 

1,401 

4,646 

2,697 

205 

572 

166 

725 

194 

5,,503 

2,439 

1,38« 

498 

898 

2,199 

1,972 

17 

62 

103 

616 

410 

71 

1,521 

1,011 

198 

348 

1,336 

l,26;i 

802 

36af 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  BETURNS  OF  1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Kam*  of  place  aod 
•Uto. 


Tuonel  Hill,  III „.. 

Tuiin.-1  Hill,  MIm. 

Tuaneiliili,  !'• 

TuiisliiirK,  Miun... 

Tiipwio,  Ala _ 

Tiipt- i..,  Aric 

Tupelo,  Miaa 

Tuibftt,  r« 

TurlKjt,  I'» 

Turbotville,  Pa. 

Turin,  G« 

Turin,  G» 

Turin,  Mich 

Turin,  N.Y 

Tuiiu,  N.Y 

Turkey,  N.C 

Turlcey,  S.C 

Turliey  Crcelt.Ark 

Turkey  Croek,  Col 

Tuikey  Creek,  Ac,  Col. 

Turkey  Creek,  Ga 

Turkey  Creek,  Ga  

Turkey  Creek,  Ind.. 

Tuikey  Creek,  Kan 

Turkey  Creek,  Kan 

Turkey  Creek,  Kan 

Turkey  Creek,  Neb 

Turkey  Creek,  Neb 

Turkey  Creek,  Neb 

Tuikey  Creek,  Neb 

Turkey  Creek,  Neb 

Turkey  Creek.  Teun.... 

Turkey  Foot,  Ky 

Tuikeytown,  Ala 

Turkeytown,  Tenn 

Turlock.Cal 

Turuiiin,  Iml 

Turnback,  Mo 

Turnl)on  Mills,  Tenn... 

Turnbull,  N.C 

Turner,  III 

Turner,  Ky 

Turner,  Ky 

Turner,  Me 

Turner,  Mich 

Turner,  Ore 

Turner,  Ore 

Turnersburg,  N.C 

Turnersville,  Ky 

Turney's  Station,  Mo... 

Turnstall,  Va 

Turpentine,  Ala 

Turqulllo,  N.M 

Turtle,  Wis 

Turtle  Creek,  Neb 

Tuitle  Creek,  O 

Turtle  Creek,  0 

Turtle  Lake,  N.p..^|  to 
Turtle  Lii''~  .":  ,,;.  '  — 

T.,     ,  J"-—  i»e,  Wis 

^.**'MrtIe  River,  N.D 

Tuscaloosa,  Ala 

Tuscarawas,  O 

Tuscarawas,  0 

Tuscarawas.  6 ! 

Tuscarora,  Mil '.'..\, 

Tuscarora,  Mich 

Tuscarora,  Nev 

Tuscarora,  N.Y 

Tuscarora,  Pa ..." 

Tuscarora,  Pa ..'". 

Tuscarora,  Pa 

Tuscola,  111 

Tuacolii,  III 

Tuscola  Mich .":.  ^_._,. 

Tuscumbia,  Ala precinct 

TiiscunibiX  Ali« city 

Tuscumbia.  Mo iMist-vill 

Tuskegee,  Ala. 
Taskegee,  Ala. 
Tusqiiitee,  N.C 
Tussahaw,  Ga... 

Tusten,N.Y 

Tiistin,  Cal 

Tuten8,  Fla 

Tuttle,  Col 

Tuxedo,  N.Y.... 

Twelfth  Ga ::;:;::  ^il 


Bank  of 
place. 


pott-twp 

beat 

boroush 

tOMrnsliip 

po«t-pri-ct 

towuship 

poet-town 

township 

township 

po8t-l>oro' 

IUil.-<liMt 

post-town 

post-twp 

townithip 

post-vill 

po8t-twp 

township 

towusliip 

precinct 

precinct 

inil.-di4t 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

towuship 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

civil-dist 

uiiig.-dist 

|M>»t-pi-ect 

civil-dist 

post-town 

towuship 

township 

civil-dist 

towuiihip 

post-vill 

village 

mag.-dist 

l)08t-towu 

township 

precinct 

l)o»t-lown 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

precini't 

township 

township 

township 

townnliip 


County. 


Johnson 

Lauderdale 

CHUibria 

Chippewa 

JackwiD 

Faulkner 

Lee.l 

Juniata 

Nurthumberl'd 
Noithumlierl'd 

Coweta 

Coweta 

Marquette 

Lewi." 

lie\yls „ 

Sampson 

Williamsburg... 

Stone 

Iluerftiiio 

San  Miguel 

CHrioll 

Wilkinson 

Kosciusko 

Barber 

McPherson 

Mitchell 

Franklin 

Gosper 

Harlan 

Pawnee 

Saline 

Jloore 

Scott. 

Etowah....". 

Carter 

Stanislaus 

Sullivan 

Lawrence 

Lewis 

Bladen 

Du  Page 

Henry 

Monroe 

Androscoggin.. 

Arenac 

Marion 

Slarion 

Iredell 

Lincoln 

Clinton 

Pittsylvania 

Walker 

Mora 

Ilock 

Holt 

Shelby 

Warren 


l>O0l-irtp 

post-twp 

jiost-twp 

post-town 

township 

town«ihip 

|)ost-vill 

district 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 


Population. 


1,«05 

2,050 

224 


1,(X)8 
747 

2,821 
414 


1,386 

419 

1,3UG 

1,323 

2:J7 


840 
1,(HK) 
1,616 


659 
608 


7011 

227 

2G7 

ft'i.i 

289 

1,()44 

1,0'.).5 

605 

n.i 

2,045 

1,;V21 

ASJ 

3S« 

1,001 

291 

1,811 

2,285 


089 

142 

1,0:!U 

1,198 

«:{ 

20,047 


1,133 


1,.3.'>9 
5,799 


Barron."'!!... 

Grand  Forks...7-V.»^8 


post-twp 


Twelve  Mile,  Mo 

Twelve  Mile  Lake,iowa 
Twenty-fourth,  Ga. 
Twenty  Mile,  Col... 

Twigg.Ill 

Twin,  0 

Twin,  0 

Twin,  O 

Twin  Branches,  Ky, 

220 


precinct 
post-vill 
post-twp 
mil.-dist 
post-town 
township 
precinct 
post-prect 
township 
dist 


post-twp 
townsliip 
mil.-dist 
precinct 
township 
township 
post-twp 
township 
mag.-dist 


Tuscaloosa. 

Coshocton 

Stark , 

Tuscarawas.. 

Frederick 

Cheboygan.... 

Elko 

Steuben 

BradTord 

Juniata 

Perry 

Douglas 

Douglas 

Tuscola 

Colbert 

Colbert , 

Miller 

Macon 

Macon 

Clay 

Henry 

Sullivan 

Orange 

Madison 

Kit  Carson.... 

Orange 

Terrell 

Madison 

Emmet 

Gordon 

Routt 

Hamilton 

Darke 

Preble 

Ross , 

Lawrence 


2,^ 


4,08i 
2,957 


688 
1,364 
1,544 
1,295 
1,591 

995 
2,806 
1,4.57 
1,:152 
2,949 
1,369 

157 
4,377 
2,370 

4.58 
1,043 
1,050 


1,416 

989 

82 

545 


2,724 

1,971 

2,447 

713 


1,673 

2,610 

730 

6:11 

1,025 

614 

1,477 

693 

792 

441 

1,028 

161 

100 

1,277 

359 

1,267 

1,538 

238 

193 

1,254 

678 

753 

1,601 

162 

794 

675 

403 

343 

358 

660 

683 

341 

1,051 

1,202 

6:i0 

203 

1,876 

1,662 

301 

406 

1,50(> 

105 

1,448 

2,010 

48 

092 

208 

1,005 

1,440 

103 

25,708 

432 

324 

903 

250 

1,314 

5,537 

07 

874 

249 

4,215 

4,728 


3,340 

'0 
1.1 


Kame  of  place  and 
■tate. 


Twin  Brooks,  8.D 

Twin  Grove,  Khu 

Twin  Gruven,  Mo , 

Twin  Lake,  N.D , 

Twin  Lake,  8.D , 

Twin  Lakes,  Iowa 

Twin  l>ake'>,  Iowa , 

Twill  LnkeK,  Minn 

Twin  Mound,  Kan 

Twii.iibutg.O , 

Two  Creeks,  Wis 

Two  Harbors,  Minn...., 

Two  Rivers,  Winii 

Two  Rivers,  Wis , 

Two  Rivers,  Wis 

Tyaskin,  Md , 

Tygart,W.  Va 

Tygh,  Ore 

Tyler,  Ala 

Tyler,  Ark „ 

Tyler,  Ark 

Tyler,  Miun 

Tyler,  Mo 

Tyler,  Tex 

Tyler,  Va 

Tyniochtee,  0 

Tyndall,  S.D 

Tyngsborough,  Mass.... 

Tvnsid,  Minn 

Tyre,  N.Y 

Tyringham,  Mass 

Tyro,  Minn 

Tyro,  N.C 

Tyrol,  N.D 

Tyrone,  HI 

Tyrone,  Ky 

Tyrone,  Mich 

Tyrone,  Mich , 

Tyrone,  Minn 

Tyrone,  Neb.. 

Tyrone,  NY 

Tyrone,  Pa , 

Tyrone,  Pa 

Tyrone,  Pa 

Tyrouza,  Ark 

Tyronza,  Ark 

Tyson,  Ga 

Tyson,  N.C 

Ty  Ty,Ga 

Tywappity,  Mo 

Tywappity,  Mo 

Tvastonaganiute,  Alas. 

Tzeeto-at,  Alaska 

Uchee,  Ala 

Udall,  Kan 

Udell,  Iowa 

Udolpho,  Minn 

Uganak,  Alaska 

Ugashik,  Alaska 

Ugavignmiite,  Alaska.. 
Ugokhamute,  Alaska.. 

L'hrlclisville,  0 

Uintah,  Utah  

Ukevok,  Alaska 

Ukiah,  &c.,  Cal 

Ukiah,  Cal 


380  L'la,  Col. 


1,156 

1,438 

1,357 

1,370 

702 

3,201 

1,897 

1,324 

3,455 

2,491 

1.38 

4,600 

1,803 

565 

1,272 

1,004 

1,076 

71(» 

178 

1,678 

2,0():j 

1,0.50 

210 

536 

103 

2,416 

2,!)26 

1,8.3,5 

2,397 

806 


en,  Minn 

tin.  111 

UII.Mont 

Ulm.'Hiiite,  Alaska... 

Ulak'ae.Ia 

Ulrich,  A^a 

Ulster,  lo.' 

Ulster,  N.Y.- 

Ulster,  Pa.....» 

Ulukuk,  Alask; 

Ulysse.w,  Kan 

Ulysses,  Neb 

Ulysses.  Neb ; 

Ulysses,  N.Y •••• 

Ulysses,  Pa ••• 

Umatilla,  Fla ;• 

Umatilla,  Ore 

Uninak,  Alaska , 

Unadilla,  Mich 

Unadilla,  Neb 

Unadilla,  N.V 

Unadilla,  N.Y 

Uimlakhik.  Alaska.... 

Unalaska,  Alaska 

Unangashik,  Alaska.. 

Uncompahgre,  Col 

Underbill,  Vt 

Underwood,  Minn 

Unga,  Alaska. 

Union,  Ala „.... 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

towusliip 

|)o»l-twp 

township 

towuship 

township 

INMt-twp 

township 

post  vill 

township 

township 

city 

district 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

IKist-town 

mag.-dist 

l>ost-twp 

post-vill 

pOSt-tt)WIl 

township 

post-town 

poit-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

jiost-vill 

township 

post  twp 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

hamlet 

hamlet 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

township 

hamlet 

village 

hamlet 

hamlet 

city 

post-prect 

village 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

IK)8t-tWp 

post-prect 

precinct 

hamlet 

precinct 

I>o8t-twp 

township 

post-twp 

hamlet 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-prect 

hamlet 

post-twp 

post-vill 

:ownship 

(ost-vill 

Jllage 

yllage 

vil-ge 

^.j.t-prect 

'     nsh.p 

to^".?®. 
viiCinct 

pre 


County. 


Grant 

Greenwoo<l...., 

Jasper 

La  Moure...... 

Sanborn 

Calhoun 

Hancock 

Carlton , 

Rooks 

Summit , 

Manitowoc 

Lake , 

Morrison 

Manitowoc..... 
Manitowoc... 

Wicomico , 

Wood 

Wasco 

Shelby 

Perry 

Prairie 

Lincoln 

Hickory 

Smith 

Charles  City.. 

Wyandot 

Bon  Homme. 

Middlesex 

Polk 

Seneca 

Berkshire.  .... 
Yellow  Med.. 

Davidson 

Griggs 

Franklin 

Anderson 

Kent 

Livingston.... 

Le  Sueur 

Red  Willow.. 

Schuyler 

Adams 

Blair 

Perry 

Crittenden.... 

Cross 

Wilkes 

SUnly 

Worth 

Mis-issipil.... 
Scott 


Russell 

Cowley 

Appanoose., 
Mower 


Tuscarawas. 
Weber 


Mendocino . 
Mend(Kino . 

Custer 

Clay 

Pulaski 

Cascade 


Mobile 

Kloyd 

Ulster 

Bradford. 


Grant 

Butler 

Butler 

Tompkins.. 

Potter 

Lake 

Umatilla.... 


Livingston.. 

Otoe 

Otsego 

Otsego 


Montrose.... 
Chitteiiilen.. 
Redwood.... 


Clay . 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF    1880   AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Bank  of 
place. 


precinct 

post-prect 

lownsliip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

poBt-twp 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

towiiKhip 

township 

precinct 

township 

village 

post- town 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Dallas 

Greene 

Ashley 

Baxter 

Conway. 

Crawford 

Fanlkiier 

Fulton 

Garliind 

Greene 

Hempstead 

Independence.. 

Izard 

Jackson 

Lee 

Madison 

Marion 

Nevada 

Newton 

Ouachita 

Perry 

Prairie 

Pulaski 

Randolph 

Saline 

Sharp 

Van  Buron 

White 

Humboldt 

San  Bernardino 

San  Joaquin 

New  Haven-.... 

Tolland 

Campbell 

Spalding 

Ada 

Cumberland 

Effingham 

Fulton 

Livingston 

Pope 

Union 

Williamson 

Adams 

Bartholomew... 

Benton 

Boone 

Clark 

Clinton 

Crawford 

De  Kalb 

Delaware 

Elkhart 

Fulton 

Hendricks  

Howard 

Huntington 

Jasper 

Johnson 

La  Porte 

Madison 

Marshall 

Miami 

Montgomery.... 

Ohio 

I'arke 

Perry 

Porter 

Rush 

Saint  Joseph. ... 

Shelby 

Tippecanoe 

Union 

Vanderburg 

Wells 

White 

Whitley 

Adair 

Adiims 

Appanoose 

Benton 

Black  Hawk 

Boone 

Calhoun 

Carroll 

Cass 

Cerro  Gordo 

Crawford 

Dallas 

Davis 

Delaware 

Des  Moines 

Fayette 

Floyd 

Guthrie <.... 

Hardin... 


Population. 


2,  .559 

676 

2GC 

1,738 


860 

609 

513 

1,304 


700 

1,384 

2,076 

1,145 

443 

l,-299 

650 

359 

621 

610 

261 

808 

401 

2.'i5 

290 

476 

2,137 

1,788 


981 

1,207 

5;i9 

691 

1,686 


2,133 
7&5 

1,733 
994 
664 
825 

1,123 
912 
82!^ 
871 

1,092 

1,010 


1,511 

4,121 

1,466 

1,866 

1,433 

1,545 

1,805 

1,290 

40S 

1,406 

1,205 

917 

1,389 

1,162 

10,168 

5.59 

1,401 

1,498 

1,054 

1,393 

2,015 

1.233 

754 

1,454 

1,195 

1,600 

2,217 

1,263 

465 

72.5 

607 

861 

511 

856 

347 

738 

616 

212 

735 

2,255 

1,231 

646 

1,382 


1,443 

233 

2,010 


2,613 

1,237 

1,054 

493 

2,004 

600 

1,284 

606 

825 

1,743 

1,772 

818 

1,407 

3,251 

1,775 

973 

1,318 

944 

433 

623 

447 

382 

908 

475 

373 

333 

674 

2,620 

2,984 

131 

972 

1,438 

431 

431 

1,387 

3:n 

2,174 

924 

1,486 

841 

1,168 

922 

2,048 

991 

737 

982 

1,068 

918 

854 

1,726 

3,050 

1,H65 

1,,543 

1,919 

1,362 

1,492 

1,652 

747 

1,378 

1,1.54 

897 

1,958 

960 

11,103 

.5:« 

1,211 

1,616 

985 

1,299 

1,768 

1,169 

673 

1,321 

899 

1,646 

2,6:12 

1,169 

627 

601 

592 

1,206 

482 

1,373 

982 

1,791 

1,021 

317 

1,078 

1,937 

1,096 

611 

1,2.36 

759 

1,425 

436 

1,690 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Uiitoii, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
Union, 
UuioD, 


Iowa. 
Iowa. 
Iowa. 
Iowa. 
Iowa. 
Iowa. 
Iowa. 
Iowa. 
Iowa. 
Iowa. 
Iowa. 
Iowa. 
Iowa. 
Iowa. 
Iowa. 
Iowa. 
Iowa. 
Iowa. 
Iowa. 
Iowa. 
Iowa. 
Iowa. 
Iowa. 
Iowa. 
Kan.. 
Kan.. 
Kan.. 
Kan.. 
Kan.. 
Kan.. 
Kan.. 
Kan.. 
Kan.. 
Kan.. 
Kan.. 
Kan.. 
Kan.. 
Kan.. 
Kan.. 
Kan.. 
Kan.. 
Kan.. 
Kan.. 

Ky 

Ky.... 
Ky... 
Ky.... 
»Ie.... 
Mich. 
Mich. 
Mich. 
Minn 
Mo... 
Mo.... 
Mo. .. 
Mo... 
Mo.... 
Mo... 
Mo... 
Mo... 
Mo... 
Mo... 
Mo... 
Mo... 
Mo... 
Mo... 
Mo... 
Mo... 
Mo... 
Mo..., 
Mo.... 
Mo.... 
Mo... 
Mo.... 
Mo.... 
Mo..., 
Mo.... 
Mo.... 
Mo.... 
Mo  ... 
Mo... 
Mo... 
Mo..., 
Mo... 
Neb.. 
Neb.. 
Neb.. 
Neb.. 
Neb.. 
Neb.. 
Neb.. 
Neb.. 
Neb.. 
Neb.. 
Neb.. 
N.J.„ 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 


County. 


Hardin , 

Harrison , 

Jackson , 

Johnson , 

K'jSBUih , 

Louisa , 

Lucas 

Madison 

Mahaska 

Marion 

Mitchell , 

Monroe , 

O'Brien 

Plymouth 

Poweshiek 

Ringgold 

Shelby 

Story 

Union 

Van  Buren 

Warren 

Wayne 

Woodbury 

Worth 

Anderson 

Barton 

Butler 

Clay 

Dickinson 

Doniphan 

Jefferson 

Kingman 

Jtiowa 

McPherson 

Pottawatomie.. 

Rawlins , 

Republic 

Rice 

Rush 

Sedgwick 

Sherman 

Stafford 

Washington 

Boone 

Crittenden 

Madit^on 

Monroe 

Knox 

Blanch 

Grand  Traverse 

Isabella 

Houston 

Barton 

Benton 

Bollinger. 


Clark 

Crawford 

Daviesa 

Dunklin 

Kranklin 

Franklin 

Harrison 

Holt 

Iron 

Jasper 

Laclede 

Lewis 

Lincoln  

Marion 

Monroe 

Nodaway 

Perry 

Pulaski 

Pntnuni 

Randolph 

Ripley 

Ste  Genevieve., 

Scotland 

Sullivan 

Washington 

Webster. 

Worth 

Wright 

Butler 

Dodge 

Douglas 

Dundy 

Furnas 

Gosper 

Hamilton 

Hitchcock 

Madison 

Phelps 

Saunders 

Bergen 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


666 

624 

1,487 

780 


GU8 

919 

1,020 

1,13(1 

707 

630 

1,132 


260 

800 

625 

538 

1,111 

2,055 

1,411 

847 

99K 

697 

720 


311 
361 

616 
677 
816 
872 


709 

1,46(1 

240 

983 


635 
1,111 

1,098 
2,010 
975 
1,548 
2,672 


1,180 

496 

353 

1,205 

832 

739 

l,;i57 

1,310 

2,3:12 

1,780 

2,763 

402 

1,011 

2,(128 

1,724 

1,431 

l,:i29 

3,060 

1,542 

1,557 

1,963 

1,363 

1,308 

1,779 

1,763 

721 

1,417 

1,882 

1,700 

1,106 

1,.509 

1,674 

1,762 

943 

513 


610 


704 
865 

221 


6U 

947 

1,176 

698 

464 

641 

779 

794 

974 

540 

657 

919 

988 

686 

671 

890 

1,212 

1,219 

1,741 

1,317 

792 

826 

1,086 

978 

570 

208 

669 

676 

523 

888 

1,222 

345 

88 

579 

628 

199 

83« 

1,196 

141 

931 

242 

499 

5.53 

919 

1,072 

1,795 

919 

1,436 

2,406 

148 

1,270 

440 

778 

1,940 

967 

806 

1,274 

1,499 

2,878 

2,223 

2,979 

610 

1,070 

1,961 

2,165 

1,309 

1,759 

2,864 

1,855 

l,.58l 

1,958 

1,569 

1,479 

2,036 

2,102 

721 

1,027 

1,546 

1,514 

1,182 

1,491 

1,460 

1,774 

1,158 

927 

660 

841 

195 

366 

344 

937 

211 

650 

486 

779 

1,560 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1880  AND  1890  COMPARED, 


Niune  of  pUc«  and 
■Ut«. 


Union,  N.J 

Vuiuii,  N.J 

Uiiiuu,  HJ 

Viiiuii,  N.J 

Uulou,  N.J 

Union,  N.Y.... 
Union,  N.Y.... 
Union,  N.U.... 
Union,  N.C.... 
Union,  N.C.... 

Union,  N.C 

Union,  N.C... 
Union,  N.D.... 
Union,  N.D.... 
Union,  N.D.... 
Union,  N.D..., 

Union,  0- 

Union,  0.- 

Union,  0. 

Union,  0._ 

Union,  O 

Union,  0 

Union,  0 

Union,  0.- 

Union,  0 

Union,  0 

Union,  O 

Union,  0.„ 

Union,  0 

Union,  0 

Union,  0 

Union,  0 

Union,  O 

Union,  0 

Union,  0 

Union,  0 

Union,  0.„ 

Union,  O 

Union,  0 

Union,  0...  .... 

Union,  0.„ 

Union,  0 

Union,  O 

Union,  O 

Union,  Ore 

Union,  Ore 

Union,  Ore 

Union,  Ore.„.. 

Union,  Ore 

Union,  Ore 

Union,  Ore 

Union,  Pa 

Union,  Ph. 

Union,  Pa 

Union,  Pa 

Union,  Pa. 

Union,  Pa 

Union,  Pa 

Union,  Pa 

Union,  Pa 

Union,  Pa 

Union,  Pa 

Union,  Pa 

Union,  Pu 

Union,  Pa 

Union,  Pa 

Union,  Pa 

Union,  Pa 

Union,  Pa 

Union,  Pa 

Union,  Pii 

Union,  S.C 

Union,  8.C 

Union,  8.0 

Union,  S.D 

Union,  S.D 

Union,  S  D. ... 

Union,  S.D 

Union,  S.D 

Union,  S.D 

Union,  S.D 

Union,  S.D 

Union,  Utalu.. 
Union,  \V.  Va. 
Union,  W.  Va. 
Union,  W.  Va. 
Union,  W.  Va, 
Union,  W.  Va. 
Union,  W.  Va 
Union,  W.  Va. 
Union,  W.  Va. 
Union,  W.  Va. 
Union,  W.  Va. 
Union,  W.  Va. 
Union,  W.  Va. 
jDniou,  W.  Va. 

222 


Bank  nf 
place. 


townHlilp 
towniiliip 
towniiliip 
townsliip 

|>08t-t»p 

townsliip 
post-vill 
poet-town 
township 
township 
township 
townohip 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
townsliip 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
precinct 
precinct 
precinct 
precinct 
precinct 
precinct 
post-vill 
township 
township 
township 
township 
townxhip 
township 
township 
town-ihip 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
townohip 
township 
township 
"■■"t-vill 
nship 
nship 
nship 
nship 
nship 
isliip 
iship 
iship 
■prect 
.-Uist 
-(list 
.dist 
-dist 
-■list 
-dist 
.-dist 


towr 
towi 
towi 
towi 
post 
low 
tow 
tow 
tow 

tow 

towtish 

towi 

towi 

post 

mag. 

mag. 

mag. 

mag. 

mag. 

mag. 

mag 

mag 

mag 

mag 

mag.- 

mag 

mag 


-dist 
.-dist 
.-(list 
■dist 
dist 
dist 


Oountjr. 


Hudson 

Hudson 

Hunterdon. „.. 

Ocean 

Union 

Bi-oome 

Broome 

Hertford , 

Pender , 

Bandolph 

Kutherford... 

Wilkes 

Emmons , 

Grand 

Gilggs 

Sargfiit 

Auglaize 

Belmont 

Brown 

Butler , 

Carroll 

Champaign.... 

Clermont 

Clinton 

Fayette 

HHncock 

Highland 

Knox 

Lawrence 

Licking 

Logan 

Madison 

Mercer 

Miami 

Morgan 

Muskingum.., 

Pike 

Putnam 

Ross 

Scioto 

Tuscarawas... 

Union 

Van  Wert 

Warren , 

Clackamas 

Columbia. 

Grant 

Tillam>ok 

Umatilla 

Union 

Union 

Adams 

Alleghany 

Bedford 

Berks.. 

Centre , 

Clearfield 

Crawford 

Erie ...., 

Fulton , 

Huntingdon.., 

Jefferson 

Lawrence 

LebaiKm 

Luzerne , 

Mifflin 

Schuylkill 

Snyder.... 

Tioga 

Union 

W'ashlngton... 
Orangeburg... 

Union 

Union 

Day 

Davison 

Edmunds 

Hy.le 

McCook , 

Moody 

Sanliorn , 

Spink 

Salt  Lake 

Barliour , 

Cabell 

Clay .., 

Grant 

Harrison , 

.likckson 

Kanawha 

Lincoln 

Marion 

Marshall , 

Mafon , 

Monongalia.. 
Monroe 


Population. 


1,310 

6,849 

1,167 

1,024 

2,418 

2,596 

737 

05 

],79:J 

813 

MO 

UOO 


1,.'>90 
1,686 
5,776 
2,163 

684 
1,588 
1,0!>2 
5,a'.l 
6,17.') 
1,876 
1,4.W 
1,728 
2,4(K) 
1,872 

784 
4,44:1 
1.820 
3,8.i<» 
1,595 
l,79:i 

676 
1,:198 
2,527 
1,168 

714 
1,5.35 
1,"26 
1,110 


496 
548 
1-.J9 


979 

416 

1,180 

2,.367 

956 

1,540 

1,086 

551 

603 

1,377 

602 

780 

8(19 

2,418 

1,719 

920 

1,417 

1,292 

1,2.51 

1,789 

724 

1,913 

1,418 

3,6:n 

1,267 


484 
1,407 
2,r)03 

650 

2,406 
2,264 
3,315 
792 
2,022 
3,804 
2,174 
1,707 
2,026 


2,127 

10,643 

l,i:J4 

l,06;j 

2,846 

2,711 

821 

102 

1,814 

942 

631 

1,116 

131 

382 

118 

132 

1,601 

1,.')91 

4,716 

1,920 

663 

1,414 

1,918 

6,280 

8,283 

2,110 

1,258 

1,874 

2,9:i6 

1,764 

688 

4,472 

2,01  il 

4,178 

1,379 

1,820 

722 

1,482 

2,505 

1,282 

707 

1,799 

2,316 

970 

126 

812 

760 

216 

330 

1,219 

604 

1,128 

1,417 

910 

1,317 

820 

&39 

614 

1,366 

736 

831 

803 

1,445 

1,699 

874 

],:i8l 

1,310 

1,2:{3 

1,876 

750 

3,621 

1,047 

4,389 

1,609 

308 

269 

144 

79 

311 

195 

184 

113 

602 

1,171 

2,64:1 

825 

2,600 

2,420 

2,442 

3,266 

981 

2,319 

4,872 

2,316 

1,488 

2,0J0 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Union,  W.Va 

Union,  W.Va 

Union,  W  Va 

Union,  W.Va 

Union,  W.  Vh 

Union,  W.  Va 

Union,  W.  Va 

Union,  W.  Va 

Union,  W.  Va 

Union,  W.  Va 

Union,  Wis 

Union,  Wis 

Union,  Wis 

Union,  Wis 

Union,  Wis 

Union,  Wis 

Union  Academy,  Ala.. 

Union  Bridge,  Md 

Union  Bridge,  Md 

Union  Center,  Kan 

Union  Cliuich,  Ala  .... 

Union  Oily,  Ind 

Union  City,  Iowa 

Union  City,  Mich 

Union  City,  0 

Union  City,  Pa 

Union  City,  Tenn 

Union  City.  Tenn 

Union  Creek,  Neb 

Uuiondale,  Pa 

Union  Grove,  111 

Union  Grove,  Minn 

Union  Grove,  N.C 

Union  Grove,  Wis ,. 

Union  Hall,  Va 

Union  Hill.Gi. 

Union  Point,  Ga 

Union  Piaiiie,  Iowa.... 
Union  Sch'l  House,  Ky 

Union  Springs,  Ala 

Union  Springs,  Ala 

Union  Springs,  N.Y.... 

Union  Star,  Ky 

Union  Star,  Mo 

Union  Street,  Md 

Uiiiontown,  Ala 

Uniontown,  Ala 

Uniontown,  Kan 

Uniontown,  Ky 

Uniontown,  Ky 

Uniontown,  Md.. 

Uniontown,  Md 

Uniontown,  Ore 

Uniontown,  I'a 

Uniontown,  Pa 

Uniontown,  Wash 

Unlouvale,  N.Y 

Union  Valley,  Neb 

Unionvllle,  Iowa 

Unionville,  Mich 

Unionville,  Mo 

Unionville,  Mont 

Unionvi  le,  N.Y 

Unionville,  O 

Unionville,  I'a 

Unionville,  Tenn 

Unitia,  Tenn 

Unity,  III 

Unity,  111 

Unity,  Me.... 

Unitv,  N.H 

Unity,  N.C 

Unity,  0 

Unity,  Pa 

Unity,  Wis 

Unity,  Wis 

University  Place,  Neb. 

Upatoie,  Ac,  Ga 

Upland,  Pa 

Upi)er,  Ark 

Upper,  Ark 

Upper,  Ga 

Upi)er,  N.J 

Upper,  N.t; 

Upper,  0 

Upper  Allen,  Va 

Upper  A  How  ay's  Creek, 

N..I ■ 

Upper  Alton.  Ill 

Upper  Ashland,  Ky 

Upper  Astoria,  Oie 

Upper  Augusta,  Pa 

Upper  Bern,  Pa 

Upper  Blue  Lick,  Ky... 
Ujiper  Boulder.  Mont... 
Upper  Brush  Creek,  Ky 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dint 

niHg.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

district 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

city 

township 

I)08t-Tlll 

village 

IKJSt-boro' 

civil-dist 

piwt-vill 

precinct 

post-boro' 

|Hl8t-tWp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

I>08t-Tlll 

post-vill 

mag -dist 

post-town 

district 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

|iost-vill 

district 

post-vill 

|K>sl-prect 

borough 

post  Ixiro' 

jKxt-town 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

post  vill 

|)08t-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

village 

borough 

post  town 

civll-dist 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

precinct 

village 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

mag.-dist 


County. 


Monroe 

Pendleton 

Pleasants 

Preston 

Putnain 

Kitchle 

Tyler 

Upshur 

Wayne 

Wood 

Door 

Eau  Claire....... 

Pierce 

Rock 

Vernon 

Waiiimca 

Montgomery.... 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Elk 

BulhKjk 

Randolph 

Allamakee 

Branch 

Dai'ke 

Erie 

Obion 

Obion 

Stanton 

Susquehanna.... 
Whiteside...... 

Meeker 

Iredell 

Racine 

Franklin 

U|J8on 

Greene 

Allamakee 

Christian 

Bullock 

Bullock 

Cayuga 

Brerkenrldge 

De  Kalb 

.\lleghany 

Perry 

Perry 

Bourlion 

Union 

Union 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Jackson 

Dauphin 

Fayette 

Whitman 

Dutchess 

Cheyenne 

Appanoose 

Tuscola 

Putnam 

Lewis  &  Clarke 

Orange 

Union 

Centre 

Bedford..... 

Loudon 

Alexander 

Piatt 

Waldo 

Sullivan 

Rowan  

Columbiana 

Westmoreland.. 

Clark 

Trempealeau.... 

Lancaster 

Muscogee 

Delaware 

Crawford 

Sebastian 

Dade 

Cape  May 

Chowan 

Lawrence 

Cumberland 


Salem 

Madison 

Boyd 

Clatsop 

Northnmberl'd 

Berks 

Nicholas 

Park 

Green 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Upper  Biirrell,  Pa 

Upper  Catlettsburg,  Ky 

Upper  Chama,  N.M 

Upper    Cherry    Creek, 

*c.,  Col 

Upper  Chichester,  Pa... 
Upper  Clear  Creek,  &c., 

Col 

Upper  Coiietoe,  N.C 

Upper  Cosbv,  Tenii 

Upper  Costilla,  N.M 

Upper  Creek,  N.C 

Upper  Darby,  Pa 

Upper  Driftwood,  Neb.. 

Upper  Dublin,  Pa 

Upper  Eleventh,  Ga 

Upper  Klkhorn  Creek, 

Ky 

Upper  Fairfield,  Pa 

Upper  Fifth,  Ga..... 

Upper   Fishing  Creek, 

N.C 

Upper  Fork,  N.C 

Upper  Fourteenth,  Ga.. 
Upper  Freehold,  N..J... 
Upper  Gila  Kiver,  N.M. 

Upper  Hanover,  Pa 

Upper  Hijjhtower,  Ga... 

Upper  Hiwassee,  Ga 

Upppr  Hominy,  N.C... 
Upper  .John's  Creek,Ky 

Upper  Lake,  Cal 

Upper  Las  Vegas,  N.M. 

Upper  Laurel,  N.C 

Upper  Leacock,  Pa 

Upper  Little  River,N.C. 

Upper  Loutre,  Mo 

Upper  Macungie,  Pa.... 
Upper  Madison  Basin, 

Mont 

Upper  Malianoy,  Pa 

Upper  Mahanlango,  Pa. 
Upper  Makefield,  Pa  ... 
Upj)er  MarlboronghiMd 

Upper  Merion,  Pa 

Upper    Middle    Creek, 

Mont 

Upper  Milford,  Pa 

Upper  Molalla,  Ore 

Upper  Mt.  Bethel,  Pa... 

Upper  Nazareth,  Pa 

Upper  Nineteenth,  Ga . 

Upper  Ninth,  Ga 

Upper  Nyack,  N.Y 

Upper  Oxfoid,  Pa 

Upper  Paxton,  Pa 

Upper  Pecos,  N.M 

Upper  I'emisNeck.N.J 
Upper  Penasco,  N.M.... 
Upper  Pittsgrove,  N.J.. 
Upper  Poor  Fork,  Ky... 
Upper  Providence,  Pa.. 
Upper  Providence,  Pa.. 

Upper  Sabine,  La 

Upper  Sasfuache,  Col.... 
Upper  Saint  Clair,  Pa- 
Upper  Salford,  Pa 

Upper     Sand     Conlee, 

Mont 

Upper  Sandusky,  0 

Upper  Santa  Fe,  N.M... 

Upper  Saitcon,  Pa 

Upper  Seventh,  Ga 

Upper  Snake,  Col 

Upper    Squaw    Creek, 

&c.,  Idaho 

Upper  Sui  rounded  Hill, 

Ark 

Upper  Tenth,  Ga 

Upper  Town,  Ga 

Upper  Town,  Ky 

Upper  Town  Creek,  N.C 

Upper  Trout.  Ore 

Upper  Tulpehocken,  Pa 
Upper  Turkeyfoot,  Pa.. 

Upper  Tyrone,  Pa 

Upper  Uwchland,Pa.... 

Upper  White,  Col 

Upper  Yoder,  Pa 

Upper  Young  Cane,  Ga. 

Upton,  Ga 

Upton,  Me 

Upton,  Mass. 

Upton,  Mo 

Upton,  Utah 

Upton,  Utah 


Rank  of 
place. 


township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 
township 

precinct 

township 

civil-dist 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

precinct 

township 

mil.-diift 

mil.-dist 

township 

precinct 

post- vi  11 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

township 

preci  net 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-prect 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

ward 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

village 


County. 


Westmoreland. 

Boyd 

Kio  Arriba 


Arapahoe.. 
Delaware.. 


Arapahoe , 

Edgecombe.... 

Cocke 

Taos , 

Burke 

Delaware 

Hitchcock...., 
Montgomery.. 
Houston 


Pike 

Lycoming.. 
Houston.... 


Edgecombe 

Burke 

Houston 

Monmouth 

Grant 

Montgomery... 

Towns 

Towns 

Buncombe 

Pike 

Lake 

San  Miguel 

Madison 

Lancaster 

Harnett 

Montgomery  ... 
Lehigh 


Gallatin 

North  umlierl'd 

Schuylkill 

Bucks 

I'ri  nee  George's 
Montgomery.... 


Gallatin 

Lehigh 

Clackamas 

Northampton. 
Northampton., 

Harris .., 

Berrien , 

Uockland 

Chester 

Dauphin 

Lincoln 

Salem 

Linct)ln „, 

Salem 

Harlan 

Delaware .... 

Montgomery., 

Calcasieu , 

Saguache 

Alleghany , 

Montgomery.. 


Cascade.... 
Wyandot... 
Santa  Fe... 

Lehigh 

Fayette.™.. 
Routt 


Boise. 


Prairie 

Whitfield 

Houston 

Davie-'S 

Edgeconib.... 

Crook 

Berks 

Somerset 

Fayette 

Chester 

Rio  Blanco... 

Cambria 

Union 

Wilkes 

Oxford , 

Worcester.... 

Texas 

Summit 

Summit. 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


714 

2,184 


1,923 
1,189 


],19:l 
4,699 


l,8.if> 
1,100 

929 

808 

1,430 

2,693 

779 

1,585 

3,2.36 


2,408 

366 

436 

1,676 

1,0,36 

147 


663 
2,145 
1,301 
2,456 
3,023 


922 
718 

1,470 
541 

3,275 


2,475 
390 

3,645 
838 
887 
695 
412 

1,096 

1,543 


3,361 


2,073 

615 

855 

3,592 

1,347 


829 
1,866 


3,540 


3,228 
998 


359 

431 

1,302 

3,698 

l.i:i3 


1,274 

953 

3,306 

848 


916 
42S 

1,1.52 
245 

2,023 
788 
174 
174 


606 

2,5:J8 

873 

1,318 
664 

927 
1,998 
1,450 

415 

809 
4,773 

221 
2,(K)8 
1,215 

770 
771 
878 

2,305 

841 

1,401 

2,861 

:v,i 

1,977 

625 

454 

2,139 

1,845 

296 

676 

705 

2,2:i2 

1,796 

2,589 

2,511 

25 
891 
732 

1,236 
439 

3,405 

237 
2,394 

582 
3,106 

550 

724 
1,241 

668 
1,096 
1,494 

181 
2,2:19 

210 
1,923 

6:n 
1,013 
3,529 
1,226 
80 
1,.548 
1,869 

210 
3,752 
3,065 
2,832 
1,006 

115 

544 

651 

557 

1,307 

9,510 

506 

98 

1,194 

1,224 

4,718 

824 

106 

1,325 

461 

1,091 

232 

1,878 

1,358 

195 

195 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Uptonvllle,  Ga 

Urbana,  Col 

Urhana,  III 

Urbana,  111 

Urbana,  Iowa 

Urbana,  Md 

Urbana,  N.Y 

Urbana,  0 

Urbana,  0 

Urich,  Mo 

Urness,  Minn 

Urqnhart,  Ga 

Ursa,  III 

Ursinn,  Pa 

Ursula,  Kan 

Ustick,  III 

Ute  Creek,  N.M 

Ute  Creek,  N.M 

Utica,  III 

Utica,  Ind 

Utica,  Iowa 

Utica,  Mich 

UticH,  Minn 

Utica,  Miss 

Utica,  Mo 

Utica,  Neb 

Utica,  N.Y 

Utica,  0 

Utica,  Pa 

Utica,  Wis 

Utica,  Wis 

Utsaladdy,  Wash 

Uvalde,  Tex 

Uwcliland,  Pa 

Uwhnrle,  N.C 

Uxbridge,  Mass 

Uxbridgo,  N.D 

Uyak,  Alao 

Uzinkee,  Alas 

Vacaville,  Cal 

Vacaville,  Cal 

Vaiden,  Miss , 

Vail,  Ala 

Vail,  Ala 

Vail,  Iowa 

Vail,  Minn... 

Vail,  Neb 

Valatie,  N.Y 

Valdusta,  Ga , 

Vale,  Ore 

Vale,  Ore , 

Valencia,  N.M 

Valentine,  Neb 

Vale  Summit,  Md 

Valliermoso       Springs, 

Ala 

Valle,  Mo 

Vallecitas,  Cal 

Vallecitos.  N.M 

Vallejo,  Cal 

Vallejo,  Cal 

Vallejo,  Cal 

Vallers,  Minn 

Valley,  Ark 

Valley,  Ark 

Valley,  Ark 

Valley,  Ark 

Viilley,  Ark 

Valley,  Col 

Valley,  Ga , 

Valley,  III 

Valley,  Iowa 

Valley,  Iowa 

Valley,  Iowa 

Valley,  Kan 

Valley,  Kan 

Valley,  Kan 

Vallt-y,  Kan 

Valley,  Kan 

Valley,  Kan 

Valley,  Kan 

Valley,  Kan 

Valley,  Kan 

Valley,  Kan 

Valley,  Kan 

Valley,  Kan 

Valley,  Kan , 

Valley,  Kan 

Valley,  Kan 

Valley,  Kan 

Valley,  Kan 

Valley,  Kan 

Valley,  Mo 

Valley,  Mont 

Valley,  Neb 

Valley,  Neb. 


Bank  of 
place. 


mil.-dist 

precinct 

township 

city 

township 

district 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-vill 

po»t4wp 

niil.-dlst 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

township 

post-twp 

Itost-prect 

precinct 

post-twp 

poet-twp 

township 

p<>8t-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-Till 

city 

l>o8t-vill 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

village 

hamlet 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

district 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

precinct 


County. 


Charlton 

Lincoln 

Chanii>aign... 
Champaign... 

Monroe 

Frederick 

Steuben 

Champaign... 
Champaign... 

Henry 

Douglas........ 

Early 

Adams 

Somerset 

Kiowa , 

Whiteside 

Colfax , 

San  Miguel..., 

La  Salle 

Clarke 

Chickasaw 

Macomb 

Winona , 

Hinds 

Livingston...., 

Seward 

Oneida 

Licking , 

Venango 

Crawford 

Winnebago.... 

Island 

Uvalde 

Chester.. , 

Montgomery., 

Worcester 

Barnes 


Solano 

Solano 

Carroll 

Lamar 

Pickens 

Crawford... 
Redwood... 

Keith 

Columbia... 
Lowndes.... 
Malheur.... 
Malheur.... 
Valencia.... 

Cherry 

Alleghany. 


Morgan 

Jefferson 

San  Diego 

Rio  Arriba 

Solano 

Solano 

Sonoma. 

Lyon 

Clehnme 

Hot  Spring 

Madison 

Ouachita 

Pope 

Yuma 

Talbot 

Stark 

Guthrie 

Page 

Pottawattamie 

Barber 

Comanche 

Ellsworth 

Hodgeman 

Kingman 

Kiowa 

Lincoln 

Linn 

Miami 

Morris 

Osborne 

Phillips 

Pratt 

Reno 

Rice 

Scott 

Sheridan 

Smith 

Macon 

Lewis  &  Clarke 

Buffalo 

Chase 


Popnlation. 


1880.      1890. 


236 


4,176 
2,942 

767 
2,576 
2,318 
7,781 
6,252 
71 

388 
1,056 
1,618 

445 


1,066 


1,273 

1,6(18 

1,232 

493 

],tl94 

23(i 

061 

194 

33,914 

702 

ao\ 

1,496 
1,045 
187 
794 
698 
67t: 
3,111 


1,299 
361 
526 


1,775 
1,515 


3,605 


6,587 
5,987 
1,471 
146 
394 
903 
522 


694 


986 
1,194 
1,012 

842 


1,002 

867 

1,996 


645 
809 


754 

20 

4,488 

311 

794 

2,408 

2,590 

7,872 

6,510 

312 

641 

939 

1,614 

405 

164 

1,032 

132 

302 

1,.508 

1,.580 

1,137 

563 

gts 

370 
057 
466 
44,(H)7 
763 
321 

1,3H9 
981 
207 

1,265 
689 
751 

3,44iS 

75 

246 

74 

2,712 
725 

613 

600 

638 

213 

234 

1,437 

2,854 

484 

131 

494 

1,177 

822 

1,836 

6,668 

94 

486 

6,865 

6,:M3 

1,347 

397 

402 

1,009 

1,328 

1,025 

882 

61 

681 

810 

1,642 

»45 

959 

211 

LIS 

578 

200 

478 

133 

236 

832 

993 

927 

3.38 

280 

609 

843 

692 

148 

227 

483 

856 

309 

378 

81S 


223 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


KkiiM  of  place  and 
•late. 


Valley,  N«b 

Vallf)-,  Neb 

Viilley,  Neb 

Vallxy,  Neb 

Valley,  Neb 

Valley,  Net 

Valley,  Neb 

Valley,  Neb 

Valley,  Neb. 

Vallev,  O 

Valley,  O 

Valley,  Pa 

Valley,  Pa 

Valley,  Pa. 

Valley,  S.D 

Valley,  8.D 

Vnlley,  S.D 

Valley,  S.D 

Valley,  S.D 

Valley,  S.D 

Valley,  \V.  Va. „. 

Valley,  W.  Va 

Valley  Bend,  W.  Va... 

Valley  Brook,  Kan 

Valley  Centre,  Cal 

Valley  Centre,  Kan 

Valley  Centre,  Kan.... 

Valley  City,  N.D 

Valley  City,  N.D 

Valley  Creek,  Ala 

Valley  Falls,  Kan 

Valley  Grange,  Neb 

Valley  II»-ad,  Ala. 

Valley  Head,  Ala 

Valley  Lee,  Md 

Valley  Mills,  Tex 

Valley  Plains,  Ga 

Valley  Springs,  S.D 

Valley  Springs,  S.D 

Valley  Town,  N.C 

Vallicita,  Cal 

Vallunia,  Pa , 

Viilmont,  Col 

Valona,  Cal 

Valparaiso,  Ind 

Val[)arai80,  Neb 

Valverde,  Col 

Valverde,  N.M 

Valverd',  Kan 

Van  Alstyne,  Tex 

Van  Bureu,  Ala , 

Van  Buren,  Ark 

Van  Bnreu,  Ark , 

Vao  Buren,  Ark 

Van  Buren,  Ark 

Van  Buren,  Ind 

Van  Buren,  Ind 

Van  Bureu,  Ind , 

Van  Buren,  Ind , 

Van  Buren,  Ind 

Van  Buren,  Ind 

Van  Buren,  Ind 

Van  Buren,  Ind 

Van  Buren,  Ind 

Van  Buren,  Ind 

Van  Buren,  Ind 

Van  Buren,  Iowa 

Van  Buren,  Iowa 

Van  Buren,  Iowa 

Vau  Buren,  Iowa, 

Van  Buren,  Me 

Van  Buren,  Mich 

Van  Buren,  Mo 

Van  Buren,  Mo 

Van  Buren,  Mo 

Van  Buren,  N,Y 

Van  Buren,  O 

Van  Bureu,  O 

Van  Buren,  O 

Van  Buren,  0 

Van  Buren,  0 

Van  Buren,  0 

Vance,  Ala 

Vance,  111 

Vance,  N.C 

Vance,  N.C. 

Vance,  Wash 

Vanceborough.Me 

Vanceburg,  Ky 

Vanceburg,  Ky 

Vance  Creek,  Wis 

Vances,S.C 

Vancluse,  S.C „ 

Vancouver,  Wash 

VandaHa,Ill 

Yaodalia,  III 


Bank  of 
place. 


224 


post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

niag.-dist 

oiag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

|>08t-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

district 

post-vill 

niil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-towu 

post-boii)' 

post-prect 

township 

city 

post-vill 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

|x>8t-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

city 

township 

city 


Ooantjr. 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


669 


99a 

961 

1,801 

1,187 

1,U14 


1,647 

619 

1,136 


302 
2,608 
1,016 


1,670 

113 

1,314 


96 

1,013 

214 

628 


4,461 
300 


DoQglns 

Ilaniiltou,. 

Hayea 

Hooker. 

Knox 

Madisoii 

Polk 

Sheridan 

Wheeler 

Guernsey 

S«io(o 

Armstrong 

Chester 

Montour 

Beadle 

Campbell 

Day 

Douglas 

Hughes 

Hyde 

Barbour 

Preston 

Uandolph. 

Osage 

San  Diego , 

Sedgwick , 

Sedgwick , 

Barnes , 

Barnes 

Dallas 

Jefferson 

Ked  Willow 

DeKalb 

De  Kalb ..., 

Saint  Mary's.... 

Bosque 

Harris 

Minnehaha 

Minnehaha. 

Cherokee 

Calaveras , 

Crawford 

Boulder 

Contra  Costa.... 

Porter 

Saunders 

AraiMihoe 

Socorro 

Sumner, 

Grayson 

De  Kalb 

Crawford 

Crawford 

Newton 

Union 

Brown 

Clay 

DaviesK 

Fountain 

Grant 

Kosciusko 

La  Grange 

Mudison 

Monroe 

Pulaski 

Shelby 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Keokuk 

Lee 

Aroostook 

Wayne 

Jackson 

Newton 

Wright 

Onondaga 

Darke 

Hancock 

Hancock 

Montgomery.... 

Putnam 

Shelby 

Tuscaloosa 

Vermilion 

Lenoir 

Union 

Lewis 

Wasliington 

Lewis 

Lewis 

Barron 

Orangeburg 

Aiken 

Clarke 

Fayette I    2,713 

Fayette 1    2,056 


3,899 
1,0J9 

608 
1,427 
2,206 
6,161 
1,334 
2,123 
1,651 
1,574 
1,376 
1,691 
1,087 

862 
1,524 
1.375 


960 
1,110 
1,918 
2,124 
1,840 

661 
1,091 
1,612 

907 

130 
2,9.63 
2,444 
1,647 

9:J6 
1,640 
1,196 


381 
2,917 
1,096 


1,286 

657 

1,722 


378 

1,186 

162 

98 

879 

447 

67.J 

'/39 

97 

1,018 

1,01» 

1,602 

1,072 

890 

162 

79 

286 

232 

49 

37 

1,.328 

1,629 

688 

1,865 

206 

1,006 

l(i7 

1,2«4 

1,089 

3,lii 

1,180 

197 

644 

233 

1,522 

300 

1,326 

061 

308 

1,623 

2110 

648 

487 

374 

6,090 

615 

404 

370 

674 

737 

984 

6,834 

2,291 

869 

1,596 

2,297 

6,318 

1,295 

2,492 

1,921 

1,731 

1,105 

1,979 

1,025 

922 

1,371 

1,450 

486 

830 

878 

1,168 

1,712 

2,020 

2,249 

884 

3,444 

1,.'504 

957 

268 

2,815 

3,444 

1,«21 

728 

1,875 

894 

1,6.'>7 

220 

870 

2,891 

1,110 

314 

1,727 

680 

3,.H6 

2,787 

2,144 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Vandalla,  Mich 

Vandalla,Mo 

Vandalia,  0 

Vandeniere,  N.C 

Vai.derbilt,  Mich 

Vanderburg,  Ky 

Van  Dust-n,  Cal 

Van  Ktten,  N.Y.. 

Van  Kitenville,  N.Y.... 

Van  Horn,  Iowa 

Van  Horn,  Mo 

Vanlue,  O 

Van  Meter,  Iowa. 

Van  Meter,  Iowa 

Vanudale,  Ark 

Van  Order,  S.D 

Vanover,  Ky 

Vausville,  Md , 

Vansycle,  Ore 

Vau  Wert,  O 

Van  Wyck,  Idaho 

Varenncs,  S.C , 

Varianville,  Idaho , 

Varick,  N.Y „ 

Varina,  Va 

Varna,  III 

Varnell,  Ga , 

Varner,  Mo 

Varnville,  S.C 

Vasa,  Minn 

Vasques,  Col 

VassallKimugh,  Me 

Vassar,  Mich 

Vassjir,  Mich 

Vaughn,  Wash 

Vaughn,  Wis 

Vaugine,  Ark 

Veale,  Ind 

Veasey,  Ark 

Veazie,  Me 

Veazie,  Wis „.., 

Veeder,  N.D 

Veedersburg,  Ind 

Vega,  Minn 

Velvet  Bidge,  Ark 

Venango,  Pa 

Venango,  Pa 

Venango,  Pa 

Venango,  Pa 

Venedy,  111 

Venedy,  III 

Venice,  111 

Venice,  III 

Venice,  Mich... 

Venice,  N.Y 

Venice,  0 

Ventura,  Cal 

Vera  Cruz,  Ind 

Verbena,  Ala 

Verdi,  Slinn 

Verdier,  S.C 

Verdigris,  Kan 

Verdigris,  Neb 

Verdigris,  Neb 

Verdigris,  Neb 

Verdigris,  Neb 

Verdon,  Neb 

Verdon,  S.D 

Vergennes,  III 

Vergennes,  III 

Vergennes,  Mich 

Vergennes,  Vt 

Vermilion,  III 

Vermilion,  III 

Vermilion,  Ind 

Vermilion,  Iowa 

Vennilion,  Kan 

Vennilion,  Minn 

Vermilion,  0 

Vennilion,  O 

Vermilion,  SD 

Vermilion,  S  D 

Vermilion,  Utah 

Vermilion,  Utah 

Vermont,  111 

Vermont,  III 

Vermont,  S.D 

Vermont,  Wis 

Verraontville,  Mich 

Vermontville,  Mich 

Vernal,  Miss 

Vernal,  Utah 

Verndale,  Minn 

Verner,  N.D 

Vernon,  Ala 

Vernon,  Ala 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-vill 
|ioel-vill 

IKJSt-Vill 

post-lown 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

|l08t-Vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

mag.-dint 

district 

|>ost-prect 

city 

|K>8t-prect 

(H>8t-tWp 

precinct 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

mil.-dlst 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

liost-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

^>wnship 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

townshi]) 

iwst-boro' 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

IKjst-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

city 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-beat 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 


County. 


Casa 

Andrain 

Montgomery... 

Pamlico 

Ots«-go, 

Webster 

Humboldt. 

Chinning 

Cli  liming 

Benton 

Carroll 

Hancock 

Dallas 

Dallas 

Cross 

Hyde 

Daviess 

Prince  George's 

Umatilla.... 

Van  Wert..; 

Bois6 

Anderson.... 

Lemhi 

Seneca 

Henrico 

Marshall 

Whitfield.... 

Bipley 

Hampton.... 

Goodhue 

Jefferson 

Kennebec... 

Tuxcola 

Tuscola 

Pierce 

Ashland 

Jefferson 

Daviess 

Drew 

Penobscot... 

Washburn.. 

McLean 

Fountain.... 

Marshall.... 

White , 

Butler , 

Crawford 

Crawford 

Erie 

Washington 

Washington 

Mudison 

Madison , 

Shiawassee... 

Cayuga 

Seneca 

Ventura 

Wells 

Chilton 

Lincoln 

Colleton 

Wilson 

Anlelofie...... 

Holt 

Knox 

Knox 

Richardson.. 

Brown 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Kent 

Addison 

Edgar 

La  Salle 

Vermilion.... 
Appanoose... 

Marshall 

Dakota 

Ashland 

Erie 

Clay 

Clay 

Kane 

Sevier 

Fulton 

Fulton 

Edmunds 

Dane 

Eaton 

Eaton 

Greene 

Uintah 

Wadena 

Sargent 

Dallas 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


439 
601 
316 


],34(i 

681 

1,991 

663 


304 

1,656 

376 


1,418 
1,486 


4,079 


2,216 


1,739 

3,408 

28( 

868 


1,167 


2,621 

1,579 

670 


6,746 

1,089 

1,061 

622 


1,322 
602 
347 

1,445 


408 
1,119 

612 
1,424 

1,889 

2,231 

2,20;J 

260 


195 
3,664 
1,434 


910 


1,148 

1,782 

387 

612 

2,215 

3,2C1 

1,770 

819 

2,2(« 

1,944 


714 


112 
2,093 
1,133 


961 

2,015 

623 

649 


1,082 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kume  of  place  and 
state. 


Vernon,  Ala 

Vernon,  t'al.  

Vernun,  (Vmn 

Veinon,  Fla - 

Vernun,  III , 

Vernon,  Ind , 

Vernon,  Ind , 

Vernon,  Ind 

Vernon,  Ind 

Vernon,  Ind 

Vernon,  Iowa 

Vernon,  Iowa 

Vernon,  Iowa , 

Vernon,  Iowa , 

Vernon,  Iowa 

Vernon,  Kan 

Vernon,  Mich 

Vernon,  Mich 

Vernon,  Mich 

Vernon,  Minn 

Vernun,  Minn 

Vernon,  Miss 

Vernon,  Mo 

Vernon,  N.J 

Vernon,  N.Y , 

Veinon,  N  Y , 

Vernon,  N.U , 

Vernon,  0 , 

Vernon,  0 

Vernon,  0 

Vernon,  0 , 

Vernon,  Pa , 

Vernon,  S.D , 

Vernon,  S  I) 

Vernon,  Tex 

Vernon,  Utah 

Vernon,  Vt 

Vernon,  Wis 

Vernon  Springs,  Iowa. 

Verona,  III , 

Verona,  Ky 

Verona,  Ky , 

Verona,  Me 

Verona,  Mich , 

Verona,  Mum 

Verona,  Miss 

Verona,  Neb , 

Verona,  N.Y , 

Verona,  N.D , 

Verona,  Pa 

Veruna,  Wis , 

Verplanck,  N.Y 

Versailles,  111 

Versailles,  111 

Versailles,  Ind 

Versailles,  Ky 

Versailles,  Mo 

Versailles,  O 

Versailles,  Pa , 

Vershire,  Vt 

Veseli,  Minn 

Vesper,  Kan , 

Vesper,  Ore 

Vesper,  Wis , 

Veeta,  Kan 

Vesta,  Minn 

Vesta,  Nell 

Vesta,  N.D 

Vestal,  N.Y 

Veteran,  N.Y 

Vevay,  Ind 

Vevay,  Mich 

Vibbard,  Mo 

Vickery,  Ga 

Vicksliurjj,  Kan 

Vicksbnrg,  Mich 

Vicksburg,  Miss 

Victor,  &c.,Cal 

Victor,  Col 

Victor,  III. 
Victor,  Iowa. 
Victor,  lowi 
Victor,  Kan. 
Victor,  Mich.... 
Victor,  Minn.... 

Victor,  Neb 

Victor,  NY 

Victor,  N.Y 

Victor,  S.D , 

Victoria,  Ala..., 
Victoria,  Ark.... 
Victoria,  Kla... 
Victoria,  III.... 

Victoria,  III 

Victoria,  Iowa. 
Victoria,  Kan.., 


Bank  of 

place. 


post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

townwhip 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

beat 

township 

post-twp 

township 

IKJst-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post  town 

[lost-prect 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

inag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

lKi.it-town 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

l>ost-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post- town 

inag.-dist 

post-town 

lK)St-Vill 

township 

post-town 

village 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-jirect 

post-twp 

post-town 

tuwnship 

post-vIU 

township 

post -tow  n 

niil.-disl 

township 

post-vill 

city 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

|X)St-twp 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 


County. 


Lamar , 

Sutter 

Tolland 

Washington 

Lake 

Hamilton 

Jackson 

Jennings 

Jennings 

Washington, 

Dubnque 

Humboldt.... 

Palo  Alto 

Van  Buren., 

Wright 

Cowley 

Isabella 

Shiawas«eo.. 
Shiawassee.. 
Blue  Earth., 

Dodge 

Madison 

Clark 

Sussex 

Oneida 

Oiieiila 

Walsh 

Clinton 

Crawford 

Scioto 

Trumbull..., 

(.'rawford 

Beadle 

Grant 

Wilbarger,,, 

Tooele 

Windham.,,, 
Waukecha,., 

Howard 

Grundy 

Boone 

Boone 

Hancock 

Huron 

Faribault 

Lee 

Adams 

Oneida 

La  Moure,,.. 
Alleghany. ., 

Dane 

Westchester, 

Brown 

Brown 

Kipley 

Woodford,,,. 

Morgan 

Darke 

Alleghany. ., 

Orange 

llice 

Lincoln 

Clatsop 

Wood 

Clark 

Redwood  „,. 

Johnson , 

Walsh 

Broome 

Chemung 

Switzerland. 

Ingham , 

Bay 

Forsyth 

.fewell , 

Kalamazoo.. 

Warren 

San  Bernardino 
Las  Animas. 

De  Kalb 

Iowa 

Poweshiek,, 

Osliorne 

Clinton 

Wright 

Nuckolls 

Ontario 

Ontario 

Marshall 

Coffee 

Jefferson 

Lake 

Knox 

Knox 


£Ui8.. 


Population, 


208 

G()2 

e,'JU 

1,33(» 

1,244 

2,aoc 

l,8St7 

1,942 

610 

1,014 

1,077 

4:52 

180 

9:J9 

328 

952 

1,090 

2,207 

554 

67.3 

937 

2,978 

927 

1,811 

3,056 

345 


1,552 

i,as8 

1,481 
1,018 
1,919 


181 
652 
1,195 
2,545 
153 
836 
153 
3.50 
740 
560 
696 


5,287 


1,599 
1,017 
1,337 
1,835 

517 

455 
5,995 

578 
1,163 

727 
1,875 


53 
1,014 


2,184 

2,263 

2,884 

1,207 

140 

1,275 

725 

784 

11,814 


842 
091 
691 
376 
1,147 
1,093 


2,804 
704 


1,146 
1,907 


1,252 


680 
349 


192 

983 

8,808 

1,194 

1,198 

2,239 

2,099 

1,477 

613 

1,013 

882 

795 

197 

854 

641 

l,0(i8 

1,314 

2,291 

585 

729 

895 

3,615 

682 

1,756 

3,018 

377 

2W 

1,393 

952 

1,074 

9.33 

2,014 

113 

5.55 

2,857 

249 

567 

1,277 

2,682 

212 

1,042 

243 

323 

1,288 

710 

405 

789 

4,. 535 

105 

1,477 

1,225 

1,515 

1,718 

517 

421 

6,147 

1,211 

1,385 

2,262 

754 

182 

342 

130 

322 

192 

199 

797 

428 

2,076 

1,816 

1,003 

1,131 

127 

930 

710 

921 

13,373 

658 

733 

769 

616 

610 

317 

1,041 

1,159 

796 

2,620 

778 

2.57 

1,172 

2,084 

47 

1,179 

.308 

758 

336 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Victoria,  Kan 

Victoria,  Ky 

Victoria,  La 

Victoria,  Neb 

Victoria,  Teun 

Victoria,  Tex 

Victory,  Iowa 

Victory,  Mich 

Victory,  N,Y 

Victory,  Pa 

Victory,  Vt 

Victory  Mills,  N,Y 

Vidalia,  La 

Viding,  Minn 

Viejas,  &e.,  Cal 

Vienna,  Ala 

Vienna,  Ala 

Vienna,  Ga 

Vienna,  III 

Vienna,  III 

Vienna,  III 

Vienna,  Ind 

Vienna,  Iowa 

A'ienna,  Kan 

Vienna,  Ky 

Vienna,  Me 

Vienna,  Md 

Vienna,  Md 

Vienna,  Mich 

Vienna,  Minn 

Vienna,  N.Y 

Vienna,  N.C 

Vienna,  O 

Vienna,  S.D 

Vienna,  Wis 

Vieregg,  Neb 

Vigo,  Ind 

Viking,  Minn 

Viking,  N.D 

Vilas,  Ool 

Vilas,  Wis 

Village,  Ark 

Village,  Iowa,,, 

Village  Park,  Col 

Village  Springs,  Ala..,. 

Villa  Grove,  Col 

Villard,  Minn 

Villard,  Minn 

Villa  Uica,Ga 

Villa  Rica,  Ga 

Villa  Ridge,  111 

Villemont,  Ark 

Villenova,  N.Y 

Villisca,  Iowa 

Vina,  (!al 

Viiial  Haven,  Me 

Vincennes,  Ind 

Vincennes,  Ind 

Vincent,  Neb 

VinceiitSettlement,  La. 

Vinegar  Hill,  111 

Vine  Grove,  Ky 

VInoland,  Minn 

Vineland,  N.J 

Vinelund,  Wis 

Vineville,  Ga 

Vineyard,  Ark 

Vineyard,  Mo 

Vineyard,  Tex 

Vining,  Kan 

Vinisahle,  Alaska,™ 

Vinita,  Kan 

Vinson, Ore 

Vinton,  Iowa 

Vinton,  Neb 

Vinton,  0 

Vinton,  0 

Viola,  III 

Viola,  111 

Viola,  Iowa 

Viola,  Iowa 

Viola,  Iowa 

Viola,  Kan 

Viola,  Minn 

Viola,  Ore 

Viola,  S  D 

Violet,  0 

Violet  Hill.  Ark 

Vipond,  Mont 

Virden,  111 

Virden,  III 

Virgil,  111 

Virgil,  Mo 

Virgil,  N,Y 

Virgin  City,  L'Uh 

Virjiiuia,  111 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

post-town 

post-town 

tuwnship 

post-vill 

city 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

mag.-diet 

post-town 

district 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-town 

l>o6t-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

l)ost-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-prect 

ixist-prect 

post-vill 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

city 

precinct 

ward 

township 

post-town 

township 

po8l-l)oro' 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-vill 

village 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-town 

post  prect 

precinct 


County. 


Bice 

Hancock 

Natchitoches,... 

Custer 

Marion 

Victoria 

Guthrie 

Mason 

Caynga 

Venango 

Essex 

Siiratoga 

Concordia 

Clay 

San  Diego 

Madison 

Pickens 

Dooly 

GruTidy 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Scott 

Marshall 

Pottawatomie... 

McLean 

Kennebec 

Dorchester 

Dorchester 

Genesee 

Rock 

Oneida 

Forsyth 

Trumbull 

Campbell 

Dane 

Merrick 

Knox 

Marshall 

Benson 

Baca 

Langlade 

Jackson 

Van  Buren 

Arapahoe 

Blount 

Saguache 

Pope 

Todd 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Pulaski 

JetTerson 

Chautauqua 

Montgomery  ... 

Tehama 

Knox 

Knox 

Knox 

Furnas 

Calcasieu 

Jo  Daviess 

Hardin 

Polk 

Cnmlierland 

Winnebago 

Kibb 

Washington 

Lawrence 

Jack 

Clay 


Kingman 

Umatilla 

Benton 

Valley 

Gallia 

Vinton 

Lee 

Mercer 

Audubon 

Osceola 

Sac 

Sedgwick 

Olmsted 

Clackamas 

Jerauld 

Fairfield 

Izard 

Beaver  Head . 

Macoupin 

Macoupin 

Kane 

Vernon 

Cortland 

Washington.,. 
Cass. 


Population. 


1880,      1890, 


C48 


797 
515 

1,952 
377 
.321 

1,120 
449 


933 


1,062 
1,572 

494 
l,9-.'2 

821 

336 
1,700 

644 
1,.508 


2,194 
188 

2,8.34 
918 

1,994 


1,051 

478 

3,196 


743 
1,541 


1,056 

m 

1,306 
344 
1,446 
1,299 
93 
2,855 
9,408 
7,080 


1,329 
049 


2,519 
1,009 
2,554 
1,2.33 
1,769 


2,906 


196 
1,131 
685 
370 
641 
130 
590 
290 
917 


2,197 


1,987 
1,608 
1,357 

873 
1,854 

254 


1,072 
186 
424 

1,103 
259 

3,040 
917 
658 

1,706 
351 
664 
822 
821 
148 

1,173 

1,283 
817 
536 
939 

2,3(M) 
828 

2,143 
757 
346 

1,812 
495 

1,617 
424 

2,115 
^74 

2,220 

1,109 

1,298 
188 

1,009 
727 

3,428 
182 
210 
43 
316 
477 

1,404 

1,754 

1,167 
274 
203 
225 

1,937 
426 

1,481 
718 

1,242 

1,744 
232 

2,017 
10,704 

8,853 
351 

1,406 
607 
397 
471 

3,822 
936 

4,547 
771 

1,931 

1,254 
241 
140 
411 
208 

2,866 
324 
318 

1,202 
698 
421 
709 
409 
850 
637 
8.30 
224 
291 

1,955 
781 
45 

2,038 

1,610 

1,376 
958 

1,518 
213 

2,5:14 


225 


ft 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF  1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Nune  of  place  and 
state. 


Virginia,  III 

Vlr){iiiiM,  luwa 

VirKl»iH,Ma 

Virginia,  0 

Virginia,  8.D 

Virginia  City,  Hunt 

VlrKlnlaCJty,  Nev 

Virginia  l)alo.  Col 

VIruquK,  Win 

VlroquH,  \Vi8 

Vl!«na,  Cal 

VIeallH,  C"al~ 

Vivian,  Minn 

Vivian.  N  D 

Volcano,  Cal 

VoIgH,  Iowa. 

Volga,  S.D 

Volga,  8  D 

Voliiilis  Mich 

Volney,  N.Y 

Voltaire,  Kan 

Voluntuwn,  Conn 

Von«,  Col 

VoorhecB,  Kan 

Voznesensky,  Alaska... 

Vroman,  Neb 

Wal-asli,  111 

•Wabash,  III 

Wabasli.  Ind 

Wal>a«h,Ind 

Wabasli.  Ind 

Wabash,  Ind 

Waliash,  Ind 

WabR.sh,  Ind 

Wabash,  Ind 

Walwsh,  0 

Waliasha,  Minn 

Wabaunsee,  Kan 

Waccanmw,  N.C 

Waccamaw,  N.C 

Waccamaw,  S.O 

Wacka-ookee,  Ga 

Waco,  Gh 

Waco,  Kan 

Waco,  Neb 

Waco,  Neb 

Waco,  N.C 

Waco,  Tex 

Waconia,  Minn 

Waconia,  Minn 

Wacoochee,  Ala 

Wacuusta,  Iowa 

Wacouta,  Minn 

Waddauis,  III 

Waddington,  N.Y„ 

WaddinKton,  N.Y 

Wade,  III 

Wade,  III 

Wadena,  Minn 

Wadena,  Minn 

Wadesliorougli,  Ky...... 

Wadesborongli,  N.C 

Wadesborough,  N.C 

Wade's  Mill,  Ky 

Wadley.Ga 

Wadley,  Ga 

Wadaworih,  Ala 

Wadsworth,  Nev 

Wadswortli,  O 

Wadsworth,  0. 

Waelder,  Tex 

Wagener,  S.C 

Wager,  Ark 

Waggoner,  W.  Va 

Warner,  Iowa 

Wagon  Mound,  N.  M.... 

Wagontown,  Idaho 

Waha,  Idaho 

Wahee.S.C 

Wahoo,  Ga 

Wahoo,  Neb 

Wahoo,  Neb 

Wahpeton.  N.D 

Walkousa,  Iowa 

Walnwrigbt  Inlet,Ala8. 

Walte.Me 

Walteburg,  Wash.... 

Waitsfield,  Vt 

Wakarusa,  Kan 

Wa  Keeney,  Kan.... 
Wa  Keeney,  Kan.... 

Wakefield,  Ala 

Wakefield,  Kan 

Wakefield,  Ma«» 

Wakefield,  Mich 

Wakefield,  Minn 

226 


Hank  of 
place. 


city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

city 

post-prect 

township 

city 

township 

|)08t-Vill 

post-twp 

township 

IKjst-town 

liost-twp 

township 

post' vi  II 

post-twp 

pust-towD 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

hamlet 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

city 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

niil.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

lownsliip 

post-vill 

|K>st-vill 

city 

township 

post-vill 

|iost-prect 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

jKJSt-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag  -dist 

township 

post-vill 

|>ost-vill 

mil. -dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

po^'t-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

m:ig.-dist 

post-twp 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

niil.-ilist 

precinct 

post-vill 

city 

township 

hamlet 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

]>o8t-town 

post-twp 

township 


County. 


Ctm 

Warron 

Pemiscot.  „., 
Conhoctou.... 

Union 

Madison 

Storey 

Larimer 

Vernon 

Vernon.„ 

Tulare , 

Tulare 

Wasera  _.... 

Sargent 

Amidor 

Clayton 

Brookings.... 
Brookings..., 


Oswego 

Sherman , 

New  London. 
Kit  Carson.... 
Stevens , 


Lincoln 

Clark 

Wabash 

Adams 

Fountain 

Gibson 

Jay 

Farke 

Tippecanoe 

Walmsh 

Darke 

Waliasha 

Wabaunsee 

Brunswick 

Columbus 

Georgetown 

Wilkes 

Haralson 

Sedgwick 

York 

York 

Cleveland 

McLennan 

Carver 

Carver. 

Lee 

Humboldt 

Gmtdline 

Stephenson 

Saint  Lawrence 
Saint  Lawrence 

Clinton 

Ja8|>er 

Wadena 

Wadfua 

Calloway 

Anson 

Anson 

Clark 

.lefferson 

Jefferson 

Autauga 

Wafhoe 

Medina 

Medina 

Gonzales 

Oconee 

Benton 

Mason 

Clayton 

Mom 

Owyhee 

Nez  Perces 

Marion 

Lumpkin 

Sannder-t 

Saunders 

Ricliland..„ 

Webster 


Washington.., 
Walla  Walla., 
Washington... 

Douglas 

Trego 

Trego , 

Marshall 

Clay 

Middlesex 

Gogebic , 

Stearns 


Pi(pulatloD. 


1880.      1890, 


1,420 
816 
05;i 

1,180 


6i4 
10,917 


1,(MJ6 

762 

2,«28 

1,412 

644 


49'.» 
1,430 


287 
1,465 
6,588 


1,186 


2,375 

l,46:i 

1,991 

2,283 

560 

1,024 

75.H 

2,6.32 

3,80<l 

l,i:<5 

2,088 

985 

693 

908 

3,716 

797 


710 


7,295 

1,288 

218 

i,f>n 

213 

88 

l,4:i5 

2,6()S 

977 

750 

2,969 

430 

307 

1,593 

3,327 

800 


2,523 
281 


661 
2,837 
1,219 


3,247 


4,585 
997 


1,998 
320 
627 

1,064 
400 

3,586 


204 

218 

9.38 

2,388 


418 
690 


5,547 
""848 


1,G02 

887 

688 

1,843 

1,290 

676 

8,511 

83 

1,680 

1,270 

4,293 

2,886 

618 

1«6 

.S68 

1,288 

621 

298 

1,239 

6,527 

419 

1,060 

61 

98 

43 

176 

3,017 

1,612 

2,429 

1,293 

802 

1,1.55 

787 

2,503 

6,105 

1,286 

2,487 

1,026 

1,119 

96:J 

3,598 

773 

357 

1,028 

1,045 

278 

105 

14,445 

1,206 

441 

1,251 

521 

106 

1,344 

2,2<i9 

900 

746 

3,915 

4.57 

95 

1,882 

3,959 

1,198 

878 

2,802 

522 

224 

537 

3,047 

l,.i74 

388 

3,214 

749 

3,362 

970 

449 

438 

193 

i,a55 

391 

738 

2,0()6 

1,610 

4,871 

72 

159 

817 

815 

2,799 

851 

439 

742 

241 

6,982 

782 

938 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Wakefield,  Neb. 

Wakefield,  N.H 

Wakefield,  Va 

Wakefield,  ic  ,  Va 

Wake  Forest,  N.C 

Wake  Forest,  N.C 

Wakenian,  O 

Wakendu,  Mo 

Wakenda,  Mo 

Wakeshnia,  Mich 

Walburg,  N  D „ 

Walcott,  N.D 

Walcott,  N.D 

Walden,  Old 

Walden,  Minn „.... 

Walden,  NY 

Walden,  Vt 

Walden's  Creek,  Tenn  . 

Waldo,  Ark 

Waldo,  Fla 

Waldo,  III 

Waldo,  Me 

Waldo,  0.„ 

Waldo,  O 

Waldo,  Ore 

Waldo,  S.D 

Waldoborough,  Me 

Waldron,  Ark 

Waldron,  III 

Waldron,  Mich 

Waldron,  Mo 

Waldwick,  Wis 

Whales,  Ble 

Wales,  Mass 

Wales,  Mich 

Wales,  N.Y 

Wales,  Utah 

Walhalla,  N.D 

Walhalla.  S.C 

Walker,  Ala 

Walker,  All 

Walker,  Ark 

Walker,  Ark 

Walker,  Ga 

Walker,  111 

Walker,  Ind 

Walker,  Ind 

Walker,  Kan 

Walker,  Kan 

Walker,  Mich 

Walker,  Mo 

Walker,  Mo 

Walker,  Mo 

Walker,  Mo 

Walker,  Neb 

Walker,  Neb 

Walker,  Pa 

Walker,  Pa 

Walker,  Pa 

Walker,  Pa 

Walker,  W.  Va 

Walker  Chapel,  Ala 

Walker  Creek,  Ark 

Walker  Creek,  Va 

Walker  Creek,  Va 

Walker  Springs,  Ala.... 

Walkersville,  Md 

Walkerton.  Ind 

Walkerville,  111 

Walkerville,  Mont 

Wall,  III 

Wall,  N.J 

Wallace,  Ark 

Wallace,  Ark 

Wallace,  Ark 

Wallace,  Ga 

Wallace,  Idaho 

Wallace,  Idaho 

Wallace,  III 

Wallace,  Kan 

Wallace,  Kan 

Wallace,  Neb 

Wallace,  N.M 

Wallace,  Pa 

Wallaceburg,  Ark 

Wallace  Creek,  Neh 

Wallace's  Switch,  Va... 

Wallaceton,  Pa 

Walla  Walla,  Wash  .... 

Walle,  N.D 

Waller,  Tenn 

Wallingford,  Conn 

Wallingford,  Conn 

Wallingford,  Ky 

Wallingford,  Vt 

Wallin's  Creek,  Ky 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-twp 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

niag.-dlHt 

township 

IMtst-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

|K)st-vill 

post-tow  n 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

civil-dlst 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

|K>st-town 

township 

post-vill 

pi«t-i)rect 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

J)08t-Vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

townsliip 

post-twp 

townsliip 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

precinct 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-pn-ct 

jiost-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

jwst-prect 

post-prect 

pos(-twp 

|l08t-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

city 

post-twp 

civil-dint 

township 

post-lmro' 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

mag.-dist 


Coauty. 


DIxnn 

Carroll 

Kapiishanuock 

Sussex 

Wake 

Wake 

Mnron 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Kalamazoo 

Cass 

Richland 

Richland 

Larimer 

Pope 

Orange 

Caledonia 

Sevier 

Columbia 

Alachua 

Livingston 

Waldo 

Marion 

Marion 

Josephine 

Brulg 

Lincoln 

Scott 

Kankakee 

Hillsdale 

Plalte 

Iowa 

Androscoggin.., 

Hampden 

Saint  Clair 

Erie 

San  Pete.,.  

Pembina 

Oconee 

Blount 

Montgomery ... 

Faulkner 

Franklin 

Pnlaski 

Hancock 

Jasper 

Rush 

Anderson 

Kills 

Kent 

Henry 

Moniteau 

Vernon 

Vernon 

Lincoln 

Platte 

Centre 

Hnntingdon .... 

Juniata 

Schuylkill 

Wood 

De  Kalb 

Lafayette 

Rockbridge 

Giles 

Clarke 

Frederick 

Saint  Joseph.... 

Greene 

Silver  Bow 

Ford 

Monmouth 

Benton 

Franklin 

Stone 

Jones 

Shoshone 

Shoshone 

La  Salle 

Wallace 

Wallace 

Lincoln 

Bernalillo 

Chester 

Hempstead 

Greeley 

Washington 

Clearfield 

Walla  Walla.... 
Grand  Forks.... 

Moore 

New  Haven 

New  Haven 

Hardin 

Rutland 

Harlan 


Population. 


1880.     1890. 


1,392 
1,647 
2,334 
3,809 
456 
1,450 


149 
1,570 


323 

1,804 

931 


1,171 

«6:l 
997 
248 
309 


3,768 
239 
353 


840 

896 

,505 

1,030 

1,820 

1,392 

306 


789 


2,7.» 

399 

395 

680 

1,612 

521 

1,292 

l,l:i5 

583 

1,876 

1,102 

3,.564 

7.50 

200 


1,467 
1,002 
l,6i»9 
510 
2,307 


630 
3,280 
2,725 
575 
160 
751 


444 

745 
3,829 
1,031 


4W) 
637 


8(XJ 
34(t 
173 


711 
1,134 


137 

196 

3,588 


264 
4,686 
3,017 
2,1.53 
1,846 

453 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Wnllkill.  NT 

Wall  Lake,  Iowa 

Willi  Liike,  Iowa 

Wall  Lake,  Iowa 

Wall  Lake.  S.D 

Walloiiia,  Ky 

Wallowa,  Ore 

Walli.ack,  N.J 

Walls,  Min 

AValls,  Mo 

WalNlmrg,  t'lali 

Walliila,  Wash 

Walnut,  Ark 

Walnut,  Ark 

Walnut,  III 

Walnul,  III 

Walnut,  In.l 

Walnut,  Ind 

Walnut,  Iowa 

Walnut,  Iowa 

Walnut,  Iowa 

Walnut,  Iowa 

Walnut,  Iowa 

Walnut,  Iowa 

Walnut,  Iowa 

Walnut,  Iowa 

Walnut,  Iowa 

Walnut,  Iowa 

Walnut,  Kan 

Walnut,  Kan 

Wiilnul,  Khh 

Walnut,  Kan 

Walnut,  Kan 

Walnut,  Kan 

Walnut,  Kan 

Walnut,  Kan 

Walnut,  Kan 

Walnut,  Kan 

Walnut,  Kan 

AValiiut,  Kan 

Walnut,  Kan 

Walnut,  Kan 

Walnut,  Mo 

Walnut,  Mo 

Walnut,  0 

Walnut,  0 

Walnut,  0 

Walnut,  Tex 

Walnut  Bottom,  Ark.. 

Walnut  City,  Iowa 

Walnut  Cove,  N.C 

Walnut  Creek,  Kan... 

Walnut  Creek,  Mo 

Wiilnnt  Creek,  Neb.... 
Walnut  Creek,  N.C... 

Walnut  Creek,  0 

Walnut  Flat,  Ky 

Walnut  Fork,  Ark 

AValnut  Grove,  Ala.... 

Walnut  Grove,  Cal 

Walnut  Grove,  III 

Walnut  Grove,  III 

Walnut  Grove,  Kan... 

Walnut  Grove,  Ky 

Walnut  Grove,  Minn.. 
Walnut  Grove,  Miss... 
Walnut  Grove,  Miss... 

Walnut  Grove, Mo 

Wiilnut  Grove,  Neb.... 
Walnut  Grove,  N.C... 
Walnut  Grove,  N.C... 

Walnut  Grove,  Pa 

Wali.ut  Grove,  S.D.... 
Walnut  Grove,  Tenn.. 

Walnut  Hill,  Ala 

Walnut  Lake,  Ark 

W'alnut  Lake,  Minn... 
Walnut  Ridge,  Ark... 

Walpole,  Mass 

Walpole.  N.H 

Walsenburjr,  Col 

Walsenlmrg,  Col 

Walsh  Center.  N.D.... 

Walshville,  111 

Walshville,  III 

WaUhville,  N.D 

Walter,  Minn 

WalterlKjrough,  S.C... 

Walthall,  Miss 

Walthall,  Miss 

W'altham,  Ala 

Waltham,  111 

Waltham,  Me 

Wnliham,  Mass 

W'aliham,  Minn 

Waltham,  Vt 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

tnag.-dist 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-vill 

town.ship 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

|)ost-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post  twp 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

pos'-prect 

l)ost-town 

township 

|)ost-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

beat 

post  vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

township 

village 

township 

civil-dist 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

I)o8t-vill 

IX)st-twp 

township 

post-town 

beat 

IMJst-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

city 

post-twp 

township 


County. 


Orange 

Sac 

Sac 

Wright 

Minnehaha 

Trigg 

Wallowa 

Sussex 

Traverse 

Douglas 

Wasatch 

Walla  Walla... 

Benton 

Lee 

Bureau 

Bureau 

Marshall 

Montgomery..., 

Adair 

Appanoose , 

Dallas , 

Fremont 

Jefferson , 

Madison 

Palo  Alto 

Polk 

Pottawattamie . 

Wayne 

.\tchison 

Barton 

Bourbon 

Brown 

Butler 

Cowley 

Crawford 

Crawford 

Jewell 

Marshall 

Pawnee 

Phillips 

Bono 

Saline 

Adair 

Bates 

Fairfield 

Gallia 

Pickaway , 

Bosque 

Saline 

Appanoose 

Stoke^< , 

Mitchell , 

Macon 

Webster 

Edgecombe 

Holmes 

Lincoln 

Newton 

Etowah 

Sacramento 

Knox 

McDonough 

Neosho 

Morgan 

Itedwood. 

Leake 

Leake 

Greene 

Knox 

Granville 

Wilkes 

Cambria 

Douglas.. 

Gibson 

Tallapoosa 

Desha 

Faribault 

Lawrence 

Norfolk 

Cheshire 

Huerfano 

Huerfano 

Walsh 

Montgomery... 
Montgomery... 

Walsh  

Lac-qui-Parle.. 

Colleton 

Webster 

Webster 

Perrv 

I,a  Salle 

Hancock 

Middlesex 

Mower. 

Addisou 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


11,48G 
4b-<! 
208 
422 


1,78« 
28'.» 
675 


347 
14s! 
627 
94n 

l,:i77 
515 

2,18^ 

l,!tlO 
564 
585 

1,010 
6:{' 

1,108 
»Ki 
264 
9(15 
7:!3 

1,441! 

!,:«:! 
345 
G^S 

1,130 
641 

1,25;5 

1,214 
196 
GG6 


400 
379 


466 
691 
1,207 
2,070 
1,89J 
1.591 


44 


716 
60() 
348 
1,116 
1,371 
894 


503 


1,781 
1,079 
1,193 


153 
3,031 


2,189 
1,170 


l,2ft5 
514 

""440 

301 

2,404 

2,018 


377 


1,156 
188 


691 
2,(>9S 

101 
1,905 
1,067 

296 
11,712 

5.->5 

248 


2,755 

1,098 

439 

418 

425 

1,674 

620 

436 

287 

9:J0 

396 

518 

785 

SXi 

1,368 

005 

2,611 

1,677 

789 

1,492 

1,039 

510 

925 

886 

474 

761 

811 

1,812 

1,297 

470 

880 

1,611 

626 

1,227 

2,044 

539 

787 

720 

2:i7 

379 

5.S0 

6fi3 

918 

2,0.iO 

2,4.59 

1,765 

1,646 

682 

142 

43 

320 

690 

1,116 

321 

975 

1,541 

876 

219 

698 

212 

l,:i50 

781 

1,087 

42 

127 

3,(i92 

166 

1,360 

350 

2,:«3 

1,293 

635 

297 

1,138 

607 

817 

557 

457 

2,604 

2,163 

1,598 

928 

3;')6 

994 

107 

443 

288 

1,171 

2,0.TO 

122 

1,811 

898 

242 

18,707 

717 

255 


Name  of  place  and 
slate. 


Walton,  Ind 

Walton,  Kan 

Walton,  Kan 

Walton,  Kan 

Walton,  Kan 

Walton,  Kan 

Walton,  Ky 

Walton,  Ky 

Walton,  Mich 

Walton,  Mo„ 

Walton,  N.Y 

Walton,  N.Y 

Walton,  Va 

Walton,  W.Va 

Waltonboro,  III 

Waltz,  Ind 

Walworth,  Jlinn 

Walworth,  N.Y 

Walworth,  Wis 

Wamduska,  N.D 

Waniego,  Kan 

Wamic,  Ore 

Wammack,  Ga 

Wampum,  Pa 

Wanamingo,  Minn 

Wanda,  Neb 

Wang,  Minn 

Wano,  Kan 

Wano,  N.D , 

Wanship,  Utah , 

Wanship,  Utah , 

Wantage,  N..I 

Wapakoueta,  0 

Wai)ato,  Ore 

Wapella,  111 

Waiiella,  III 

Wapello,  Iowa 

Wapello,  Iowa 

Wapinilia,  Ore 

Wappanocca,  Ark 

Wappinger,  N.Y 

Wappinger  Falls,  N.Y. 

Wajwinonoc,  Iowa 

Warbonnet,  Neb 

Ward,  Ark 

Ward,  Ark 

Ward,  Col 

Ward,  Ga 

Ward,  Ind 

Ward,  Iowa 

Ward,  Minn 

Ward,  N.Y 

Ward,  0 

Ward,  Pa 

Ward.  S.C 

Ward,  S.C 

Ward,  S.D 

Ward  District,  Col 

Wardensville,  W.  Va.... 

Ward  Grove,  III 

Ward  Mill,  Fla 

Wardner,  Idaho 

Wardsborough,  Vt 

Ware,  Ga 

Ware,  Mass 

Ware,  Va..... 

War  Kagle,  Ark 

War  Eagle,  Ark 

War  Eagle,  Idaho 

Ware  Creek,  Va 

Wareham,  Mass 

Warfield,  Ky 

Waring,  Kan 

Warlick,  N.C : 

Warminster,  Pa 

Warm  Spring,  Ore 

Warm    Spring    Creek, 

Maho 

Warm  Springs,  Ark 

Warm  Springs,  Va 

Warner,  Cal 

Warner,  Mich 

Warner,  N.H 

Warner,  Ore 

Warner,  S.D 

Warner.  Wis 

tt'arnerville,  Ga 

Warnerville,  Neb 

Warren,  Ark 

Warren,  Ark 

Warren,  Conn 

Warren,  III 

Warren,  111 

Warren,  111 

Warren,  Ind 

Warren,  Ind 


Rank  of 
place. 


post-town 

township 

l>ost-vill 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

mag  -dist 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

niil.-dist 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

poBt-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

fxist-prect 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

|)ost-lown 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

precinct 

mag.-<list 

l)ost-town 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

precinct 

post-twp 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

l>08t-town 

township 

po8t-t*>wn 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Cass 

Harvey 

Harvey.......... 

Labette 

Rooks 

Sumner 

Boi>ne 

Boone 

Eaton 

Washington... 

Delaware 

Delaware, 

Roanoke 

Roane , 

Gallatin 

Wabash ...., 

Becker 

Wayne 

Walworth....... 

Nelson 

Pottawatomie. 

Wasco 

Washington.... 

Lawrence 

Goodhue 

Adams 

Renville.. 

Cheyenne 

La  Moure 

Summit 

Summit 

Sussex 

Auglaize 

Washington.... 

De  Witt 

De  Witt 

Louisa ........... 

Louisa 

Wasco 

Crittenden 

Dutchess 

Dutchess 

Muscalin 

Sioux 

Johnson 

Yell 

Boulder 

Camden 

Randolph 

Clarke 

Todd 

Alleghany 

Hocking 

Tioga 

Aiken 

Edgefield 

Moody 

Houlder... .,,.,.. 

Hardy 

Jo  Daviess 

Holmes 

.*<ho.>hone 

Windham 

Twiggs 

Hampshire 

Gloucester 

Benton 

Madison 

Owyhee 

New  Kent , 

Plymouth , 

Martin 

Ness 

Cleveland 

Bucks 

Grant 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


Altura« „ 

Randolph 

Bath 

San  Diego 

Antrim 

Merrimack.... 

Harney 

Brown 

Clarke 

Merriwether. 

Madison 

Bradley 

Columbia 

Lltchtield 

Jo  Daviess 

Jo  Daviess 

Lake 

Clinton 

Huntington., 


453 

647 

167 

694 

MS 

762 

1,072 

289 

1,874 

619 

3,.544 

1,389 

3,3;«) 

2,022 

:i99 

2,591 


2,3.38 
1,278 


988 

78( 

1,377 


3:J8 


3,361 
2,76ft 

419 
1,199 

369 
1,928 

928 


1,374 
4,961 


661 


1,307 

2,339 
647 
24« 
620 

2,272 
327 
927 

2,51» 


766 

573 

4,817 

3,55:^ 

422 

1,879 


1,'j!35 
2,896 

97.'. 

282 
1,859 
1,061 


1,369 
1,076 


1,5.37 


4:« 
1,431 

"301 
761 
6:i9 

1,897 

"1,137 
1,843 
1,164 

227 


46» 

798 

249 

714 

345 

1,325 

1,126 

484 

1,995 

612 

4,543 

2,299 

.3,041 

2,184 

657 

2,312 

30«» 

2,195 

1,372 

77 

1,473 

363 

ViO 

708 

1,-.'15 

002 

879 

407 

64 

223 

223 

3,412 

3,616 

621 

1,122 

371 

1,845 

1,009 

215 

1,491 

4,575 

3,718 

2,185 

174 

1,1.33 

373 

.5:« 

1,6:!4 

2,490 

656 

6;H 

667 

6,(»90 

442 

9:54 

2,876 

226 

424 

lOS 

404 

393 

858 

704 

?500 

7,329 

3,770 

471 

2,512 

36 

1,101 

3,461 

579 

774 

2,017 

969 

293 

38 

1,2T5 

1,068 

i:«) 

311 

1,383 

143 

964 

591 

1,172 

457 

492 

767 

477 

1,587 

1,174 

1,077 

l,2.Vi 

1,267 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Ksme  of  place  aud 
•Uto. 


Wmren,  Tnd 

Varrt-u,  Ind 

Varrva,  Iiid 

Warifu,  Iiid 

Wiirrfii,  Ind 

Warren,  Iowa 

Warren,  luwa 

Warrvn,  Io\»a 

Warren,  Iowa 

Warren,  Iowa 

Warr<?n,  Iowa 

Warren,  Iowa 

Wiirren,  Kan 

Warrun,  Me 

Warren,  Maitt 

Wanon,  Mich 

Warren,  Mich 

Warren,  Minn 

Warren,  Minn 

Warren,  Mo 

Warren,  Mo 

Warren,  N.H 

Warren,  N.J 

Warren,  N.Y 

Warren,  N.D 

Warren,  O 

Warren,  0 

Warren,  O 

Warren,  O 

Warren,  0 

Warren,  O 

Warren,  Pa 

Warren,  Ph. 

Warren,  Pa 

Warren,  R  I 

Warren,  SC 

Warren,  8.D 

Warren, S.D 

Warren,  Tex 

Warren,  Vt 

Warren,  W.  Vo. 

Warren,  Wig 

Warren,  Wis , 

Warrcnsliurg,  Mo... 
Warrensbnrtf,  Mo... 
Warrensburg,  N.Y. . 
Warrenebnrg,  N.Y.. 
Warren  Store,  Ala. . 

WarrengviUe,  0 

Warrenton,  Ala 

Warrenton,  Ga 

Warrenton,  Ga 

Warrenton,  Minn... 

Warrenton,  Mo 

Warrenton,  N.C...... 

Warrenton,  N.C 

Warrenton,  Va 

Warrington,  Fla 

Warrington,  Pa...... 

Warrington,  Pa 

Warrior,  Ga 

Warrior,  Ga 

Warriors,  Alii ., 

Warrior's  Mark,  Pa. 
Warrior  Stand,  Ala., 
Warrior  Stand,  Ala. 

WaJ-Siiw,  Ala 

Warsaw,  III 

Warsaw,  Ind 

Warsaw,  Ky 

Warsaw,  Ky , 

Wartiaw,  Minn 

Warsaw,  Minn 

Wartaw,  Mo 

Warsaw,  Neli 

Warsjtw,  N.Y , 

Warsaw,  N.Y , 

Warsaw,  N.C 

Warsaw,  N.C 

Warsaw,  0 

Warsaw,  Pa 

Wartburg,  Tenn , 

Warthen,  Ga 

Wartrace,  Tenn 

Wiirwick,  Md 

Warwick,  Mass 

Warwick,  NY , 

Warwick,  N.Y , 

Warwick,  0 

Warwick,  Pa , 

Warwick,  Pa 

Warwick,  Pa 

Warwick,  B  I 

Warwoman,  Ga. 

Wasatcli,  Utah 

Wasco,  Ore 

228 


Bank  of 
place. 


IHMt-Till 

township 

townxhip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

|)ost-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

j)ost-l)oro' 

jKist-town 

township 

township 

townsliip 

post-vill 

|M)st-town 

niag.-Wist 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-prect 

niil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

liost-vill 

township 

|)08t-Vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-town 

city 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

|)OSt-Vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

l>ost-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

poet-prect 


Coauty. 


Huntington.... 

Marion 

Putnam 

Saint  Joseph... 

Warren 

Bremer 

Carroll 

Keokuk 

Lucas , 

Poweshiek 

Story 

Wayne , 

Morris 

Knox , 

Worcester 

Macomb , 

Midland 

Marshall 

Winona , 

Camden , 

Marion 

Gmfton 

Somerset 

Herkimer 

Cass 

Belmont 

.lefferson 

Trnmbull 

Trnnibull 

Tuscarawas 

Washington 

Bradford 

Franklin 

Warren , 

Bristol 

Colleton 

Clarke 

Sanliorn , 

Tyler 

Washington 

Viishnr 

St.  Croix 

Waushara 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Wftrren 

Warren 

Hale 

Cuyahoga 

Maishall 

Warren 

Warren 

Mai  shall 

Warren , 

Warren 

Warren 

Fauqnier , 

Escambia 

Rucks. 

York 

Bibb 

Oolqnitt 

Etowah , 

Huntingdon 

Macon 

Macon 

Sumter 

Hancock 

Kosciusko 

Gallatin 

Gallatin 

Goodhue 

Rice ,.... 

Bent(m 

Howard 

Wyoming.  .... 

Wyoming 

Duplin 

Duplin 

Coshocton 

.lefferson 

Morgiin 

Washington 

Bedford 

Cecil 

Franklin 

Orange 

Orange 

Tuscarawas 

Rucks 

Chester 

Lancaster 

Kent 

Rabun 

Summit 

Sherman »., 


Pui>ulatioD, 


1880.      1890. 


603 
3,107 
1,(176 

771 
1,27:i 
1,044 

410 
l,y3.x 

044 
1,073 

40:< 
1,7(« 

603 
2,1G6 
3,889 
2,401 

3110 

108 
1,00« 

000 
2,.')31 

786 
1,'.'04 
1,4:10 


4,531 
1,023 
ft,5,'>3 
4,428 

mi 
i,;io:» 

1,336 
t27 
2,810 
4,(K»7 
1,877 


951 

1,.'>27 

740 

660 

5,778 

4,049 

1,725 

TiX 

647 

l,4o9 

1,3,50 

2,20( 

1,0J2 


i99 
3,610 

81C 
1,464 


9.50 
1,S25 
1,580 

33C 


1,238 
2,466 

145 
2,1.59 
3,105 
3,12C 
1,3.t5 

066 
1,148 
1,1118 

515 


3,227 

1,910 

1,904 

182 

277 

1,414 

159 


468 

324 

713 

5,699 

1.043 

1,.526 

722 

1,267 

4,038 

12,164 

339 


1,120 

2,864 

«74 

894 

1,312 

930 

1,828 

1,218 

719 

780 

C66 

1,614 

484 

2,0:17 

4,681 

2,423 

90.3 

648 

8:17 

970 

2,:M8 

876 

1,045 

1,:«9 

206 

6,456 

1,921 

7,1.55 

6,9T3 

869 

1,709 

1,124 

.506 

4,332 

4,489 

2,154 

126 

229 

833 

860 

1,418 

736 

796 

6,096 

4,706 

1,795 

893 

1,132 

1,410 

1,266 

2,321 

974 

248 

664 

4,052 

740 

1,346 

1,.574 

820 

1,8.30 

1,675 

501 

380 

1,343 

2,700 

215 

1,811 

2,721 

3,.574 

1,7.50 

676 

999 

867 

700 

70*) 

4,468 

3,120 

l,9;i9 

401 

376 

1,567 

206 

1,-511 

686 

287 

665 

6,(100 

1,537 

1,448 

709 

1,487 

3,163 

17,761 

377 

83 

667 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Waaeca,  Minn 

Wathliurn,  Ark..  .. 

Washburn,  Ark 

Washburn,  III 

WMshbnrn,  Me 

Washburn,  Mo 

Washburn,  N.D 

Wnshburn,  Wis.... 

Washburn,  Wis 

Washburn,  Wis 

Washington,  Ala... 
Washington,  Ark.. 
Washington,  Ark... 
Washington,  Ark... 
WHshington,  Ark.. 
Washington,  Ark... 
Washiiigtjjn,  Ark.. 
Washington,  Ark.. 
Washington,  Ark.. 
Washington,  Ark... 
Wsshington,  Ark... 
Washington,  Ark... 
Washington,  Ark  . 
Washington,  Ark.. 
Washington,  Ark... 
Washington.  Cal.... 
Washington,  Cal... 
Washington,  Cal... 
Washington,  Cal... 
Washington,  Conn. 
Washington,  D.C... 
Washington,  Ga.... 
Washington,  Ga.... 
Washington,  III.... 

Washington,  III 

Washington,  111 

Washington,  111.... 
Washington,  111.... 
Washington,  111.... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washingfon,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind.... 
Washington,  Ind  .., 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind.... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind..., 
Wasiiington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Wasiiington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind  ... 
Washington,  Ind.... 
Washington,  Ind.... 
Washington,  Ind.... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Ind... 
Washington,  Iowa., 
Washington,  Iowa., 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 
Washington,  Iowa. 


Bank  of 

place. 


city 
township 

|K)8t.tWp 

poet-vill 

[■ost-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-town 

city 

mil  -dist 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

t4>wn8hip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Wa«eca_ 

Logan 

Sebastian 

Woodford 

Aroostook 

Barry 

McLean 

Bavfield 

Bayfield 

Clarke 

Autauga.. 

Benton 

Boone 

Bradley 

Conway 

Fulton 

Grant 

Hempstead 

Howard. 

Independence.. 

Jefferson 

Ouachita 

Sevior 

Sharp 

Van  Buren 

Alameda  

Nevada 

Sonoma 

Yolo 

Litchfield 


Banks 

Wilkes 

Carroll 

Massac 

Pope 

Tazewell , 

Tazewell , 

Will 

Adams 

Allen 

Blackford 

Boone 

Brown , 

Carroll , 

Cass 

Clarke 

Clay 

Clinton 

Daviess. 

Daviess 

Dearborn 

Decatur 

Delaware 

Elkhart 

Gibson 

Grant 

Greene , 

Hamilton , 

Harrison 

Hendricks 

Jackson 

Knox 

Kosciusko 

Marion 

Miami 

Monroe 

Morgan 

Newton 

Noble 

Owen 

Parke 

Pike 

Porter 

Putnam 

Ripley 

Rush 

Shelby 

Starke 

Tippecanoe 

Warren 

Washington.... 

Wayne 

Whitley 

Adair 

Adams 

Appanoose 

Black  Hawk... 

Bremer 

Buchanan 

Buena  Vista.... 

Butler 

Carroll 

Cass 

Chickasaw 

Clarke 


Population. 


1880.     1890, 


1,708 

1,019 

681 

4.50 

809 


810 
731 

1,280 


368 

7.30 

194 

1,12(1 

025 

427 

925 

820 

l:i5 

4,592 

627 

543 

1,155 

1,.590 

147,29:< 

7.55 

2,199 

060 

1,147 

7.50 

3,20'- 

l,:i97 

1,005 

3,1.59 

1,015 

1,273 

l;Wi 

2,8.30 

1,194 

1,.544 

1,379 

1,796 

1,228 

7,495 

4,323 

499 

6,182 

1,402 

1,4<'5 

1,406 

1,.^51 

1,484 

4,058 

1,282 

1,51 12 

1,(101 

1,651 

2,482 

2,399 

1,4,55 

1,081 

3,990 

i,ia5 

773 
3,l:!8 
1,.504 
2,970 

756 
1,825 
1,112 
1,189 
1,707 

7-30 
1,,52G 
1,30S 
4,249 
2,016 
1,479 

708 
1,028 
1,8 1  fi 

505 
3,171 
4,878 

396 

765 

046 

681 
1,199 

768 


2,482 

1,214 

652 

698 

1,097 

1,414 

83 

600 

8,039 

200 

1,«17 

1,274 

754 

780 

1,700 

450 

4(14 

619 

324 

1,307 

884 

805 

9.57 

970 

395 

5,.596 

?,5O0 

(>4l 

1,247 

1,6:J3 

188,9:12 

770 

2,631 

598 

862 

6.55 

2,958 

l,:«)l 

1,574 

4,725 

1,991 

1,723 

1,4.54 

2,975 

!,:«» 

1,,5S0 
1,215 
1,.524 
l,lh7 
9,712 
6,(iG4 

4:12 
6,518 
1,863 
1,1:55 
1,.576 
l,6;i7 
1,804 
4,274 
1,087 
1,:582 

899 
1,556 
2,210 
2,400 
1,443 
1,112 
4,590 
1,(116 

769 
3,124 
1,641 
3,,^57 

070 
1,098 

925 
1,033 
1,744 

846 
1,325 
1,482 
4,  ,528 
1,740 
1,.520 

CS3 
1,014 
1,,5:53 

423 

762 
5,188 

577 

736 

847 

597 
1,249 

759 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  plBCO  and 
state. 


Wasliington,  Iowa..... 
■Wa.shiiigton,  Iowa.... 
Wtt-shiiigton,  Iowa...., 
AVasliiiigton,  Iowa...., 
Washiiigtou,  Iowa...., 

■Washington,  Iowa 

Washington,  Iowa 

■Washington,  Iowa 

■Washington,  Iowa 

■Washington,  Iowa 

■Washington,  Iowa 

■Washington,  Iowa 

Washington,  Iowa 

■Washinj;ton,  Iowa 

■Wasliington,  Iowa 

■Washington,  Iowa 

Washington,  Iowa 

Washington,  Iowa 

Washington,  Iowa 

Washington,  Iowa 

Washington,  Iowa 

Washington,  Iowa 

Washington,  Iowa 

Wasliington,  Iowa 

Washington,  Iowa 

Washington,  Iowa 

Washington,  Iowa 

Washington,  Iowa 

Washington,  Iowa 

Washington,  Iowa 

Washington,  Iowa 

Washington,  Iowa 

Washington,  Iowa 

Washington,  Iowa 

Washington,  Iowa 

Wasliington,  Iowa 

Washington,  Iowa 

Washington,  Iowa 

Wasliington,  Iowa 

Wiishiiigton,  Iowa 

Washington,  Iowa 

Washington,  Kan 

Washington,  Kan 

AVashington,  Kan 

Washington,  Kan 

AVashington,  Kan 

Washington,  Kan 

Washington,  Kan 

Washington,  Kan 

Washington,  Kan 

Washington,  Kan 

Washington,  Kan 

Washington,  Kan 

Washington,  Kan 

Washington,  Kan 

Washington,  Kan 

Washington,  Kan 

Washington,  Ky 

Washington,  Ky 

Washington,  La 

Washington,  Me 

Washington,  Ma.'ss 

Washington,  Jlich 

Washington,  Mich 

Washington,  Mich 

■Washington,  Minn.... 

■Washington,  Miss 

Washington,  Mo 

Washington,  Mo , 

■Washington,  Mo , 

Washington,  Mo 

Wasliington,  Mo , 

Washington,  Mo 

Washington,  Mo 

Washington,  Mo 

Washington,  Mo 

Washington,  Mo 

Washington,  Mo 

Washington,  Mo 

Washington,  Mo 

Washington,  Mo 

Washington,  Mo 

Washington,  Mo 

Washington,  Mo 

Washington,  Mo 

Washington,  Mo 

Washington,  Mo 

Washington,  Mo 

Washington,  Mo 

Washington,  Mo 

Washington,  Mo 

Washington,  Mo 

Washington,  Mo 

Washington,  Mo 

Washington,  Mo 

Washington,  Neb 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
city 

township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
townsliip 
townshij) 
township 
township 
township 
township 
townsliip 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
city 

niag.-dlst 
post-vill 
post-town 
post-town 
post-town 
township 
post-twp 
township 
township 
beat 

township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
post-vill 
township 
township 
township 
township 
townsliip 
township 
township 
township 
township 
wnship 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 


County. 


Clinton 

Crawford 

Dallas 

Des  Moines 

Dnbuque 

Franklin 

Fremont 

Greene 

Grundy 

Harrison 

Iowa 

Jackson 

Jasper 

.lohnson 

.foncs 

Keokuk 

Lee 

Linn 

Lucas 

Marion 

Marshall 

Montgomery... 

Page 

Plymouth 

Pocahontas 

Polk 

Pottawattamie. 

Poweshiek 

Ringgold 

Shelby 

Sioux 

Story 

Taylor , 

Van  Hiiren , 

Wapello , 

Warren , 

Washington 

Washington 

Wayne 

Webster 

Winneshiek 

Anderson 

Brown 

Chautauqua 

Crawford 

Doniphan 

Jackson 

Jewell 

Nemaha 

Republic. 

Rice 

Saline 

Sherman 

Smith 

W.ibaiinsee 

Washington 

Washington 

Mason 

Mason 

Saint  Landry... 

Knox 

Berkshire 

Gratiot 

Mil  comb.. 

Sanilac 

Le  Sueur 

Greene 

Buchanan 

Cedar 

Carroll 

Clark 

Clay 

Dade 

Dallas 

Daviess 

De  Kalb 

Douglas 

Franklin 

Greene 

Grundy 

Harrison 

Jackson 

Johnson 

Larle<le 

Lafayette 

Mercer 

Monroe 

Nodaway 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


Pettis 

Ripley 

Saint  Clair.. 

Stone 

■Vernon 

Webster 

Franklin 


935 
401 
780 
1,087 
973 


1,«54 
624 
69:5 
601 
821 

1,365 
999 
721 

2,000 

m\ 

1,586 

1,181 

1,231 

980 

760 

880 

ZM) 

84 

979 

524 

810 

817 

60G 


2,313 

903 

709 

1,754 

4,110 

4,078 

2,949 

900 

950 

1,509 

625 

970 

804 

1,282 

1,865 

723 

544 

461 

748 

780 

371 


578 
1,836 

67; 
1,.';48 

553 
1,194 
1,249 

493 
1,144 
2,031 

952 

409 

672 
35,821 
1,130 


1,389 
1,212 


1,045 

945 

2,238 

480 

2,421 

1,094 

516 

776 

1,066 

3,100 

1,209 

2,835 

2,036 

1,430 

934 

1,609 

890 

777 

340 

641-. 

716 

1,450 


764 

706 

754 

916 

749 

2,1.67 

1,064 

1,700 

625 

1,222 

528 

901 

1,756 

1,030 

586 

4,777 

863 

1,532 

1,172 

986 

853 

839 

796 

720 

105 

818 

895 

637 

909 

952 

542 

2,409 

1,135 

692 

2,903 

2,254 

943 

3,235 

780 

960 

1,435 

625 

1,451 

824 

2,  .533 

1,916 

641 

628 

1,000 

783 

656 

440 

284 

536 

400 

2,350 

1,613 

1,534 

529 

1,064 

1,230 

434 

1,.5.J8 

2,080 

1,447 

347 

957 

57,762 

1,438 

881 

1,390 

1,145 

1,108 

2,091 

925 

2,251 

644 

2,725 

1,022 

462 

816 

1,558 

3,294 

1,104 

3,048  j 

1,800 

1,223 

1,144 

1,098 

829 

1,012 

551 

834 

1,503 

842 

496 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


liank  of 
place. 


Washington,  Neb, 
Washington,  Neb, 
NNashiiigtou,  Neb, 
Washington,  Ac,  Neb... 
Washington,  Neb... 
Washington,  Neb... 
Washington,  N.II.. 
Washington,  N.J... 
Washington,  N.J... 
Wasliington,  N.J... 
Washington,  N.J... 
Wiishingtou,  N.J... 
Washington,  N.J... 
Washington,  N.J... 
Washington,  N.Y.. 
Washington,  N.Y.. 
AVashington,  N.C... 
Washington,  N.C... 
AVashington,  N.C... 
AVasliington,  N.D.. 

AVashington,  0 

AVashington,  0 

Washington,  0 

AVashington,  0 

AVashington,  0 

Washington,  0 

Washington,  O 

AVashington,  O 

Washington,  0 

Washington,  0 

Washington,  0 

AVashington,  0 

AVashington,  0 

Washington,  0 

Washington,  0 

AVashington,  O 

Washington,  0 

AVashington,  O 

AVashington,  0 

AVashington,  0 

AA'asliington,  0 , 

AVash  ngton.O 

AVashington,  0 

Washington,  O , 

Washington,  0 

AVashington,  0 

AVashington,  0 

AVashington,  0 

AVashington,  0 

Washington,  O 

AVashington,  0 

Washington,  0 

AVashington,  0 

Washington,  0 

Washington,  0 

AA'asliington,  0 

Washington,  0 

Washington,  0 

AVashington,  0 

AVashington,  0 

Washington,  0 

Washington,  0 

AA'ashington,  0 

Washington,  0 

Washington,  Ore  ... 
Washington,  Ore...., 

AVashington,  Pa 

AVasliington,  Pa 

AA'ashington,  Pa 

Washington,  Pa 

AVashington,  Pa 

AVashington,  Pa 

Washington,  Pa 

AA'ashington,  Pa 

AVashington,  Pa 

AVashington,  Pa 

AVashington,  Pa 

Washington,  Pa 

AVashington,  Pa 

AVashington,  Pa 

AVashington,  Pa 

AVashington,  Pa 

Washington,  Pa 

AVashington,  Pa 

AVashington,  Pa 

Washington,  Pa 

Washington,  Pa 

Washington,  Pa 

Washington,  Pa 

AVashington,  S.C 

Washington,  S.D 

AVashington,  S.D 

AVashington,  Utah.., 

Washington,  Vt 

AVashington,  Va 

AVashington,  Va 


township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

village 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

jKist-prect 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 


County. 


HhII 

Hailan 

Jeffer.-ion 

Knox 

Nemaha 

Mierman 

Sullivan 

Bergen  

Burlington...., 

Gloucester 

Mercer , 

Morris 

Warren 

AVarren , 

Dutchess , 

Orange 

Beaufort 

Beaufort 

Guilford 

Grand  Forks... 

Auglaize 

Belmont 

Brown 

Carroll 

Clermont 

Clinton 

Columbia  na.... 

Coshocton 

Darke 

Defiance 

Fayette 

Franklin 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


470 

370 


Guernsey 

Guernsey 

Hancock 

Hardin 

Harrison 

Henry 

Highland 

Hocking 

Holmes 

Jackson 

Lawrence 

Licking 

Logan 

Lucas 

Mercer 

Miami 

Monroe 

Montgomery... 

Morrow 

Muskingum.... 

Paulding 

Pickaway 

Preble 

Richland 

Sandusky 

Scioto 

Shelby 

.'<fark 

Tuscarawas 

Union 

A'an  Wert 

AVarren 

Wood 

AVashington.... 

Armstrong 

Berks 

Butler 

Cambria 

Clarion 

Dauphin 

Erie 

Fayette 

Franklin 

Greene 

Indiana 

.lefferson , 

Lawrence 

Lehigh 

Lycoming 

Sorthampton... 
Northumberl'd 

Schuylkill 

Snyder 

AVashington 

AVcstmoreland. 

Wj-oming 

York 

Edgefield 

Aurora , 

Hyde 

Washington 

Orange 

Alexandria 

Norfolk 


789 


08; 
2,853 

389 
1,306 
1,281 
2,081 
3,.594 
2,142 
2,797 


4,789 

2,40: 

791 


1,515 

1,63;} 

1,206 

750 

2,870 

1,294 

3,192 

729 

1,612 

1,325 

3,798 

1,326 

742 

600 

1,945 

1,291 

1,21 1 

1,249 

944 

1,208 

1,416 

1,403 

1,441 

1,621 

886 

2,712 

1,384 

7,204 

1,815 

1,784 

983 

1,3*5 

1,346 

1,145 

4,118 

1, 

2,008 

1,131 

1,046 

2,187 

1,069 

1,164 

3,815 

1,390 

1,420 

509 

1,489 

1,924 

1,287 

1,443 

1,496 

1,420 

1,880 

1,257 

2,053 

995 

1,668 

1,282 

634 

2,517 

1,172 

l,9-.!0 

811 

1,362 

1,725 

4,292 

1,004 

766 

1,457 

1,674 


637 

922 

814 

4,223 

229 


725 
349 
6:58 
792 
1,334 
452 
569 
2,942 
310 
1,1.55 
1,120 
2,:i67 
4,138 
2,8.34 
2,766 
091 
0,436 
3,545 
8,57 
459 
1,581 
1,645 
l,2.'-.8 
664 
2,644 
1,140 
3,2.50 
794 
1,486 
1,449 
5,742 
1,266 
704 
646 
2,732 
1,312 
1,207 
1,231 
892 
989 
1,394 
901 
874 
1,399 
1,109 
4,071 
1,617 
10,127 
1,730 
1,.')68 
972 
1,038 
1,901 
1,140 
4,566 
1,338 
2,479 
1,223 
931 
1,809 
968 
1,285 
4,346 
1,079 
1,212 
805 
],2:i2 
2,173 
1,3.51 
1,602 
1,605 
1,098 
],7!)0 
l,2a3 
2,732 
806 
1,673 
2,643 
534 
2,068 
937 
2,523 
788 
1,3.38 
1,.500 
7,063 
1,624 
739 
1,404 
1,997 
287 
77 
315 
820 
942 
6,607 


GITIKS,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  uf  pUce  and 
•Utr. 


■Wasliliijrton,  y*..... 

AVhsIiIiikIuii,  Vh 

WHKliliijttoii,  Vh 

Wiwliiiigtoii,  W  Va 
AVHsliiiifttuu,  W.  Va. 
WwihliiKton,  W.  Va 
VVHiiliiiiiKtun,  W.  Va 
WasliiiiRton,  W.  Va. 
WHsliington,  W.  Va. 
WHHiiiiigtoii,  W.  Va. 
VatthiiigtuD,  W.  Va. 
Wa.iliiiiKtoii,  W.  Va. 
Washington,  WU.... 
Wntiliiiigtou,  Wig.... 
Wiuiliiiigtun,  Wis.... 
Waaliiiigton,  WU..., 
WaMliitigton,  Wis ... 
Wellington,  Win.... 
WHRliitigton    Borough, 

I'a 

Washington  Colony ,Cm1 
Washington     Heights, 

III 

Washington  Lake, 

Minn 

Washington  Mills,  N.Y 

Wanliingtonville,  O 

WiiKliingtonville,  Pa.... 

Wiislitiiena,  Wash 

Wasiojii,  Minn.. 

Watab,  Minn 

Wataga,  III 

Wateuga.  N.C 

Water,  N.D 

Waterl>orough,  Me 

Waterbnry,  Conn 

Waterlmry,  Conn 

Waterbury,  Blinn 

Waterbnry,  Vt 

Waterbury,  Vt 

Wat«T  Creek,  Ark 

Water  Creek,  Ark 

Wateree,  S.G 

Wiiterford,  Conn..» 

Walerf..r.l,  HI 

Waterfiinl,  lown 

Waterfonl,  Iowa 

Waterfurd,  Ky 

Waterford,  Me 

Waterford,  Mich 

Waierfird,  Minn 

Walerfoni,  N.J 

Waterford,  N.Y 

Waterford,  O 

Waterf..rd,  Pa 

Waterford,  Pa 

WBterf.>rd,  Vt 

Wrtterford,  Va 

Waterford,  Wis 

Waterford,  Wis.... 

Waterloo,  Ala 

Waterloo,  Ala 

Waterloo,  111 

Waterloo,  111 

Waterloo,  Ind 

Waterloo,  Ind 

Waterloo,  Iowa 

Waterloo,  Iowa 

Waterloo,  Iowa 

Waterloo,  Kan 

Waterloo,  Ky 

Waterloo,  Mich 

Waterloo,  Neb 

Waterloo,  Neb 

Waterloo,  N.Y 

Waterloo,  NY 

Waterloo,  O 

Waterloo,  0 

Wiiter'.oo,  Ore 

Wateiloo,  8.0 

Waterloo,  S.C 

Waterloo,  Wis 

Waterloo,  Wis 

Waterloo,  Wis 

Waterman,  III 

Waterman,  Iowa 

Waterman,  Ore 

Waters,  Ga  

Watersmeet,  Mich 

Waterstown,  Wis 

Wafeitown,  Conn 

Watertown,  Ma^...„.... 

Watertown,  Mich 

Watertown,  Mich 

Waterlown,  Mich 

Watertown,  Minn 

230 


Bank  of 
place. 


poet-town 
mag.-diitt 
mag.-diHt 
niag.-dist 
niag.-dist 
niag.-tlist 
niag.-dist 
mag  -ilist 
inag.-dist 
niag.-dist 
niHg.-4list 
inag.-tlist 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 
township 

post- bo  ro' 
village 

post-rill 

township 
post-vill 

|K>st-Vill 

l)08t-boro' 

precinct 

post-twp 

|M>st-twp 

jiost-viil 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

township 

tiost-vill 

township 

tiiwnship 

township 

post-town 

township 

townHliip 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

|io8t-twp 

township 

|iost-town 

post-twp 

township 

|K)8t-boro' 

jMjst-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-prect 

precinct 

city 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

ma^.-dist 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

village 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

|iost-vill 

township 

IKist-prect 

tnil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-tow  n 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Rappahannock 

Kichuioiid 

Westmoreland. 

H»>ne 

Callioun 

Jackcon 

Kanawha 

Lincoln 

Marshall 

Ohio 

PIcHKanls...  .... 

Upehur 

Door. 

ICaii  Claire 

Green 

La  Crosse 

Satik 

Shawano 


T..ancaater.. 
Fresno , 


Cook.. 


Sibley 

Oneida 

Columbiana... 

Montour 

Franklin 

IKxIge 

Denton 

Knox 

Watanga 

Burleigh 

York 

New  Haven... 
New  Haven... 

Redwood 

Washington... 
Washington... 
Hempstead..  . 

Marion 

Kershaw 

New  liondon.. 

Fnlton 

Clay 

Clinton 

Spencer 

Oxford 

Oakland 

Dakota 

Camden 

Saratoga 

Washington  .. 

Erie 

Erie 

Caledonia 

lAiudonn 

Racine 

Racine 

Cherokee 

Lauderdale.... 

Monroe 

Monroe 

DeKalb 

Fayette 

Allamakee 

Black  Hawk.. 
Bhuk  Hawk.. 

Lyon 

Hart 

Jackson 

Douglas 

Douglas 

Seneca 

Seneca 

Athens 

Fairfield 

Linn 

I^Aurens 

Laurens 

Gr;tnt 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

De  Knlb , 

O'Brien 

Grant 

Jasper 

Gogebic 

Grant 

Litchfield 

Middlesex 

Clinton 

Sanilac 

Tuscola 

Carver 


Population. 


1880.      1800. 


2M 

2,m» 

2,W1 
l,:ai 

1,'2».3 
a,67« 

1,614 

2,684 
620 
97'i 

1,461 
42" 
9.54 
882 

1,(KI8 

1,17.') 
809 

70( 
118 


676 
2U3 


875 

ru 


1,482 

2' 1, 27(1 

17,806 

54 

2,297 

756 


a.'iO 
4,999 
2,701 

665 


1,278 

797 

1,161 

1,3»4 

424 

2,149 

4,.328 

2,V>H 

1,822 

784 

815 

478 

1,461 


3,109 

1,802 

1,:17G 

672 

858 

2,983 

5,fi:i0 

884 


1,268 


164 
4,399 
3,893 
1,957 
262 
39< 
4,018 


1,029 

1,763 

719 

291 

146 


130 


595 
1,897 
6,426 
1,680 

600 
1,098 
l,Ui$2 


252 

2,lM)! 
2,7o9 
1,640 
1,9.58 
3,tl2:) 
l,6:«i 
1,084 
3,l:)6 

491 
1,296 
2,112 

738 
1,138 

818 

790 
1,206 
1,242 

662 
02U 

2,283 

823 

1,195 

922 

171 

110 

897 

147 

686 

1,22'* 

6 

1,3-57 

3:1, -.'02 

28,646 

175 

2,232 

9.55 

308 

571 

4,698 

2,661 

631 

241 

1,152 

1,728 

1,001 

1,163 

3.52 

2,421 

5,28<> 

2,370 

1,537 

838 

734 

386 

1,661 

448 

1,127 

1,6<J6 

.3,031 

1,860 

1,473 

547 

693 

3,061 

6,074 

9»2 

987 

1,171 

8.50 

272 

4,681 

4,350 

1,961 

146 

715 

3,669 

291 

934 

1,838 

862 

361 

908 

41 

133 

6<i6 

488 

2,323 

7,073 

l,.50-5 

1,224 

1,308 

1,1U2 


Kame  of  place  and 
•tate. 


Watertown,  Minn..., 

Watertown,  N.Y 

Watertown,  N.Y , 

Watertown,  0 

Watertown,  8.1) , 

Wateitown,  Wis , 

Watertown,  Wis , 

Water  Valley,  Aik. 
Water  Valley,  Ky.... 
Water  Valley,  Miss.. 

Wateiville,  Kan , 

Waterville,  Kan  .... 

Waterville,  Me 

Waterville,  Minn.... 
Waterville,  Minn.... 

Waterville,  N.H 

Waterville,  N.Y 

Waterville,  0 

Waterville,  0 

Waterville,  Vt 

Waterville,  Wash..., 

Waterville,  Wis 

Watervllet,  Mich.... 

Watervliet,  N.Y 

Wathena,  Kiin , 

Wafkins,  Ala 

Watkins,  Col 

Watkins,  Mo 

Walkinsville,  Ga 

Watkinsville,  Ga 

Watopa,  Minn 

Watrons,  N.M 

Wat8eka,IlI , 

Watson,  111 

Watson,  III 

Watson,  Mich 

Watson,  Mo , 

Watson,  N.Y 

Watson,  N.D 

Watson,  Pa 

Watson,  Pa , 

Watsontown,  Pa 

Watsonville,  Cal 

Wattensas,  Ark 

Watter,  Ga 

Walts,  Miss 

Watts,  Pa 

Wattslmrg,  Pa 

Watulula,  Ark 

Waubay,SD , 

Waubeck,  Wis 

Wauclinla,  Fla 

Waucoma,  Iowa , 

Wauconda,  III 

Wauconda,  III 

Wauger,  Minn 

Waughton,  N.C 

Waukechon,  Wis 

Waukee,  Iowa 

Waukegan,  III 

Waiikegan,  III 

Waukesha,  Wis 

Waukesha,  Wis 

Waukon,  Iowa 

Wankoii,  Minn 

Waumaiideo.  Wig.... 

Waunakee,  Wis 

Waupaca,  Wig 

Waupaca,  Wis 

Wauponsee.  Ill 

Waupun,  Wis 

Waupuii,  Wis 

Wausau,  Wis 

Wausau,  Wis 

Wausankee,  Wis  .... 

Wauseon,  0 

Wantoma,  Wis 

Wauwatosa.  Wis 

Wauzeka,  Wis 

Waveland,  Fla 

Waveland,  Ind 

Waveland,  Iowa 

Waveland,  Miss 

Waverly,  III 

Waverly,  III 

Waverlj',  Iowa 

Waverly,  Kan 

Waverly,  Ky 

Waverly,  Ky 

Waverly,  Mich 

Waverly,  Mich 

Waverly,  Minn 

Waverly,  Mo 

Waverly,  Mo 

Waverly,  Neb 

Waverly,  N.Y 


Rank  of 
place. 


pogt-vlU 

township 

city 

|xnt-twp 

city 

township 

city 

post-twp 

|KISt-Vill 

poat-toun 

township 

l)ost-vill 

city 

township 

I>ost-vill 

Iiost-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

|H>st-town 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

|)ost-prect 

township 

mil.-dist 

(Mist-vill 

township 

post-prect 

city 

township 

|)08t-vill 

iwst-twp 

post-town 

I>ost-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-lKiro' 

prst-town 

township 

mil.-dist 

beat 

town«hip 

post-boro' 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

village 

towiiNhip 

[lOst-town 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-twp 

township 

city 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

jost-twp 

post-twp 

post-twji 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

|iost-vill 

city 

post-vill 

inag.-<list 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

towuship 


County. 


Carver 

Jefferson 

Jefferaon 

WHshiiigton 

Cotlington 

Jefferson 

Jeft'en*in 

Ranilolph 

Graves 

Yalabusha 

Marshall 

Marshall 

Kt-niieliec 

Le  Sueur 

Lo  Sueur 

Grafton 

Oneida..... 

Lucas 

Lucas 

Lamoille 

Douglas 

Pepin 

Beriien 

Albany 

Doniphan 

Covington 

Araiiahoe 

Dent 

Oconee.. 

Oconee 

Wabasha 

Mora 

Iroquois. 

Effingham 

Effingham 

AlleKHU 

Atchison 

Lewis 

Cass 

Lycoming 

Warren 

Norihumberl'd 

Santa  Cruz 

Prairie 

Floyd 

Covington 

Perry 

Eric 

Franklin 

Day." 

Pepin 

De  Soto 

Fayette 

Lake 

Lake 

Marghall 

Forsvlh 

Shawano 

Dallas 

Lake 

Lake 

Wankesha 

Waukesha 

.Alliimakte 

Norman 

Buffalo 

Dane 

Waupaca 

Wauj)aca 

Grniidy 

Fond  du  Lac... 
Fond  du  Lac... 

Marathon 

Marathon 

Marinette 

Fnlton 

Waushara 

Milwaukee 

Crawford 

Dade 

Montgomery  ... 
Pottawattamie.. 

Hancock 

Morgan 

Morgan 

Bremer 

Coffey.. 

Union 

Union 

Cheboygan 

Van  Buren 

Martin 

Lafayette 

Lincoln 

Lancacter 

Franklin.^ 


Population. 


1880.      1800, 


316 

1,264 

l(l,(i97 

1,894 

74( 
1,961 
7,883 


100 
2,220 

2,094 
615 

4,672 
826 
498 
54 


1,026 
382 
647 


1,197 

1,897 

22,2-20 

710 

263 


1,673 

1,205 

360 

637 


1,507 
1,002 

190 
1,414 

243 
1,470 


31  (J 

2.5h 

1,481 

1,799 

6fJ4 

1,29, 

808 

451 

389 


225 
1,04(: 

298 


311 

645 

245 

4,491 

4,(iI2 

4,613 

2,969 

l,:i50 

143 

9.MI 

279 

841 

1,39-2 

779 

1,232 

2,353 

1,061 

4,277 


1,905 

708 

5,088 

1,055 


692 
776 


2,783 
1,124 
2,345 


1,423 
179 


1,185 
84 

9.30 
1,228 

662 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS   KETURNS   OF   1880   AND   1890   COMPARED. 


Kume  of  place  and 
state. 


Waverly,  N.Y 

Waveiiy,  O 

Waverly,  Pa 

Wiiverly,  S.D 

Waverly,  Ac,  Va 

Waverly  Hall,  Ga 

Waverly  MilU,  Minn... 

Wawarsiiip,  N.Y 

Wawayanda,  N.Y 

Wa.xaliachie,  Tex 

Waxliaw,  SC 

Waycross,  Ga 

Mayland,  Mass 

Wayland,  Mich 

Wayland,  Mich... 

Wayland,  Mo 

Wayland,  NY 

Wayland,  N.Y 

Waymart,  Pa 

Wayne,  111 

Wayne,  Ind 

Wayne,  Ind 

Wayne,  Ind 

Wayne,  Ind 

Wayne,  Ind 

Wayne,  Ind 

Wayne,  Ind 

Wayne,  Ind 

Wayne,  Ind 

Wayne,  Ind 

Wayne,  Ind 

Wayne,  Ind 

^Wayne,  Ind 

'Wayne,  Ind 

Wayne,  Ind 

Wayne,  Ind 

Wayne,  Iowa 

Wayne,  Iowa 

Wayne,  Iowa 

Wayne,  Iowa 

Wayne,  Kan 

Wayne,  Kan 

Wayne,  Me 

Wayne,  Mich 

Wayne,  Mich 

Wayne,  Mo 

Waj  lie,  8lo 

Wayne,  Neb 

Wayne,  N.J 

Wayne,  N.Y 

Wayne,  0 

Wayne,  0 

Wayne,  0 

Wayne,  0 

Wayne,  0 

Wayne,  (J 

Wayne,  0 

Wayne,  0 

Wayne,  0 

Wayne,  0 

Wayne,  0 

Wayne,  0 

Wayne,  0 

Wayne,  0 

Wayne,  0 

Wayne,  0 

Wayne,  0 

Wayne,  0 

Wayne,  0 

Wayne,  0 

M'ayne,  0 

Wayne,  0 

Wayne,  Pa 

Wayne,  Pa 


Wayne,  Pa 

Wayne,  Pa 

Wayne,  Pa 

Wayne,  Pa 

Wayne,  Pa 

Wayne,  Pa 

Wayne,  Pa 

Wayne,  I'a 

Wayne,  S.D 

Wayne,  S.D 

Wayne,  SD 

Wayne,  Wis 

Wayne,  Wis 

Waynesborough,  Ga.... 
Waynesborough,  Miss. 

Waynesborough,  Pa 

Waynesborongh,  Tenn. 
Waynesborough,  Va, 
Waynesburg,  Ky.... 

Waynesburg,  0 , 

Waynesburg,  Pa 

Waynesfield,  0 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

post-vill 

[Kist-boro' 

township 

niag.-dist 

mil.-dlst 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-tiiwn 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-bo  ro' 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

townsliip 

post-vill 

township 

townsliip 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

j)ost-twp 

IKJSt-vill 

post-vill 

|)08t-boro' 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-vill 

posl-boro' 

post-vill 


County. 


Tioga 

Pike , 

Lackawanna.. 

Mai-shall , 

Sussex , 

Harris 

Wright 

Ulster 

Orange 

Ellis 

Lancaster 

Ware 

Middlest'X 

Allegan 

Allegan 

Chariton 

Steuben 

Steuben 

Wayne , 

Du  Page , 

Allen 

Bartholomew.. 

B'ulton 

Hamilton 

Henry 

Huntington..., 

■lay 

Ki>sciusko 

Marion 

Montgomery.., 

Noble 

Owen 

Ilandolph 

Starke 

Tippecanoe 

Wayne 

Henry 

Jones..  

Mitchell 

Monroe 

Doniphan 

Edwards 

Kennebec 

Cass 

Wayne , 

ISollinger 

Uuchanan 

Wayne 

Pas^aic 

Steuben 

Adams 

Ashtabula 

Auglaize 

Belmont 

Butler 

Champaign 

Clermont 

Clinton 

Columbiana..., 

Darke 

Fayette 

Jefferson , 

Knox 

Monroe 

Montgomery  ., 
Muskingum..., 

Noble 

Pickaway 

Scioto 

Tuscarawas...., 

Warren 

Wayne 

Armstrong 

Clinton 

Crawford 

Dauphin , 

Delaware. 

Erie 

Greene , 

Lawrence , 

Mifflin , 

Schuylkill 

Hanson . 

Lake 

Miiiiiehalia.... 

Lafayette 

Washington... 

Burke 

Wayne 

Franklin 

Wayne 

Augusta 

Lincoln 

Stark 

Greene 

Auglaize 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


2,767 

1,.')39 

329 


2,334 

1,0:)8 

124 

8,547 

1,879 

1,354 

l,.'i41 

028 

1,962 

1,942 

640 

917 

2,.^91 

005 

503 

1,091 

2,100 

1,943 

1,282 

1,0.39 

3,251 

903 

3,094 

4,777 

4,772 

1,709 

3,520 

1,288 

4,:17() 

797 

1,-323 

17,113 

1,311 

1,178 

495 

027 

1,961 

235 

950 

995 

919 

701 

1,111 


1,757 

827 
1,125 

833 
1,2S8 
1,719 
1,728 
1,031 
2,104 
1,448 

848 
2,702 
1,027 
1,751 
1,621 
1,284 
1,191 
1,605 

701 

811 
11,321 
1,295 
2,904 
1,831 
1,607 

742 
1,597 

677 


],.30(i 
1,814 
1,308 
1,329 
1,630 


1,0,')6 
1,594 


150 
1,888 

236 

484 
1,440 

022 
1,2<>8 

306 


4,123 

1,507 

292 

212 

2,392 

1,288 

370 

7,758 

1,025 

3,070 

1,572 

3,304 

2,000 

1,703 

623 

1,068 

2,3:»4 

679 

438 

1,097 

3,812 

1,981 

1,419 

1,814 

3,33;J 

1,047 

5,274 

5,2.5" 

7,949 

1,6:18 

1,191 

1,201 

4,606 

1,305 

1,208 

19,643 

1,221 

1,1)94 

593 

492 

1,909 

276 

775 

828 

1,226 

1,145 

1,0:51 

1,178 

2,004 

889 

1,181 

755 

1,451 

1,7(H 

1,453 

1,389 

1,9(17 

1,295 

731 

2,903 

1,000 

1,670 

1,437 

1,175 

1,057 

1,582 

708 

676 

12,394 

1,318 

2,309 

1,756 

1,.503 

712 

1,?.73 

612 

997 

1,124 

1,7.^7 

1,737 

1,379 

1,533 

806 

311 

287 

1,170 

1,471 

1,711 

458 

3,811 

239 

646 

1,448 

510 

2,101 

480 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Waynesfield,  0 

Waynesville,  Ga 

Waynesville,  111 , 

Waynesville,  III 

Waynesville,  N  C... 
Waynesville,  N.C.... 

Waynesville,  0 

Waynetowu,  lud.... 

Ways,  Ga 

Way's  Station,  Ga... 

Wayzata,  Minn 

Wea,  Ind , 

Wea,  Kan 

Weare,  Mich 

Weare,  N.H 

Wear's  Valley,  Tenn.... 

Weatherby,  Mo 

Wealherford,  Tex 

Weatherly,  Pa 

Weathers'field,  O 

Weathersfield,  Vt 

Weaiibleau,  Bio 

Weaver,  Iowa 

Weaver,  Neb 

Woaverville,  Cal 

Weaverville,  N.C 

Webb,  Mo 

Webb  City,  Mo 

Webber,  Mich 

Webberville,  Mich 

Webb  Mills,  Fla 

Webbsborougli,  Ga 

Weber,  III 

Weber,  N.D 

Webster,  Ala 

Webster,  Col 

Webst.r,Fla 

Webster,  III 

Webster,  Ind 

Webster,  Ind 

Webster,  Iowa 

Webster,  Iowa 

AVebsler,  Iowa 

AVebster,  Iowa 

Webster,  Kan 

Webster,  Me 

Webster,  Mass 

Webster,  Mich 

Webster,  Minn 

Webster,  Miss 

Webster,  Neb 

Webster,  Neb 

Webster,  Nel 

Webster,  N.H 

Webster,  N.Y 

Webster,  N.Y 

Webster,  N.C 

Webster,  N.C 

Webster,  N.D 

Webster,  N.D 

Webster,  0 

Webster,  S.D 

Wel«ter,S.D 

Webster,  S.D 

Webster,  W.  Va 

Welister,  W.  Va 

Webster,  Wis 

Webster  City,  Iowa 

Webster  Groves,  Mo 

Weddington,  Ga..... 

Wellington,  Ark 

Wedowee.  Ala 

Wedron.  Ill 

Weed,  N.M 

Weedsport,  N.Y 

Woehauken,  N.J 

Weeping  Water,  Neb... 
Weeping  Water,  Neb... 

Weesaw,  Mich 

Weinand,  Neb 

Weimar,  Minn 

Weimar,  Tex 

Wein,  Wis. 

Weippe,  Idaho 

Weir,  Kan 

Weisenburp,  Pa 

Weiser,  Idaho 

Weiser,  Idaho 

Weiss|K>rt,  Pa 

Wellwirn,  Ark 

Welch,  Minn 

Welch,  Mo 

Welch  Creek,  N.C 

Welcome,  Iowa 

Welcome,  Minn 

Weld,  Me 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-Till 

post-vill 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

mil  -dist 

(lost-vill 

|io8t-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

civil-dist 

post-town 

city 

post-boro' 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

lK)St-vill 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

IK)st-town 

lK)St-twp 

post-twp 

post-beat 

post-twp 

preeimt 

townshi4) 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

city 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

pott-prect 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-twp 

precinct 

city 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-prect 

city 

lK)st-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

IKist-boro' 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 


County. 


Lucas 

Wayne 

De  Witt 

De  Witt 

Haywood. 

Haywood 

Warren 

Montgomery.... 

Thomas 

Bryan 

Hennepin 

Tippecanoe 

Miami 

Oceana 

Hillsborough.... 

Seiver 

De  Kalb 

Parker 

Carbon 

TnimbuU 

Windsor 

Hickory 

Humboldt 

Furnas 

Trinity 

Buncombe 

Reynolds 

Jasper 

Lake 

Ingham 

Holmes 

Elbert 

Jefferson 

Sargent 

Fayette 

Park 

Sumter. 

Pope 

Harrison 

Wayne 

Hamilton 

Madison 

Polk 

Webster 

Smith 

Androscoggin... 

Worcester. 

Washtenaw 

Rice 

Winston 

Dodge 

Ilitcbcock 

Sherman 

Merrimack 

Monroe 

Monroe 

Jackson 

Jackson 


Ramsey 

Wood 

Day 

Day 

Hughes 

Man'hall 

Taylor 

Vernon 

Hamilton 

St.  Louis 

Paulding 

Wa>hington 

Randolph 

La  Salle 

Lioci'In 

Cayuga 

Hudson 

Cass 

Cass 

Berrien 

Knox 

Jackson 

Colorado  

Marathon 

Shoshone 

Cherokee 

Lehigh 

Washington 

Washington 

Carbon 

Conway 

Goodhue 

Cape  Gii-ardean 

Columbus 

Sioux 

Martin 

Franklin 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


2,o:j6 
546 

1,043 
200 

1,757 
225 
793 
509 

1,94! 

2,l:i5 
U2 

1,119 

2,407 
710 

l,8-:9 

1,168 


2,046 
1,977 
0,583 
1,354 


231 


1,815 

147 

1,154 

1,588 

115 

489 


1,058 
1,142 


8.54 
1,211 

755 
78 
720 
591 
740 


980 

6,690 

909 

872 

2,123 


647 
2,9511 

381 
1,612 

107 


1,197 


1,768 

257 

1,C60 

1,848 


880 


2,358 
411 


1,411 

1,102 

81^ 

317 

1,369 


370 
1,627 


388 

2,178 

928 

674 

1,177 


1,040 

5i31 


1,910 

585 

1,134 

368 

2,506 

455 

7(14 

676 

2,069 

1,935 

273 

1,047 

1,706 

822 

l.-ISO 

674 

134 

3,369 

2,961 

0,010 

1,174 

1,(178 

742 

290 

768 

216 

1,388 

6,043 

162 

404 

271 

1,227 

1,:»3 

222 

&51 

262 

612 

895 

1,251 

OOl 

931 

700 

8i;8 

905 

645 

951 

7,(j:51 

803 

1,110 

2,.M0 

1,227 

217 

221 

664 

3,139 

634 

856 

209 

250 

143 

1,420 

l,(i:« 

618 

78 

1,614 

225 

1,092 

2,829 

1,783 

890 

587 

2,093 

117 

278 

l,5^0 

1,943 

2,173 

1,3,50 

1,178 

290 

311 

1,443 

444 

156 

2,138 

1,614 

9,52 

901 

4.56 

4,071 

867 

666 

1,301 

682 

140 

886 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


Ifame  of  place  aud 

•Ultt. 


WeMiv  Kan 

■WrMCIiy,  Col 

Wsl.U'n,  Col 

Wel.lon,  Mich 

Weill N.O 

\VeliI,.n,  N.C 

Well,  Neb 

Weller.  Ill , 

•Weller.  N.D , 

■Weller,  0 

WelU-rslHirtr,  Pa , 

Welle«!ey,  Ma^g , 

Wellflret,  Miuw 

Weliingiun,  0< 

Welliri)ct<>n,  Kan 

WelliiiKtoii,  Kan 

WelliiiKtuii,  Sle 

WellinKtoii,  Minn , 

Wellington,  Mo 

Welllnjiton,  0 , 

WelliiiKtan,  0 , 

Wellington,  8.D 

Wellington,  Utah 

Wellington,  WU , 

WelU,  Iowa , 

Wells,  Kan , 

Well*,  Me 

Wells,  Mich , 

WelU,  Minn - 

WelU,  Minn 

Wells,  Nov 

WelU,  N.Y 

Wells,  0 

Wells,  Pa. 

Wells,  Pa. 

Wells,  Vt 

WelU,  Wis 

Welli  Bayon.  Ark 

WelUborough,  Pa 

WelUburg,  \V.  Va , 

Wellslmrg,  W.  Va 

Wellsford,  Kan 

Well  Spring,  Ac,  Ore. 

Well's  Kiver,  Vt 

WelUton,  0 

Wellsville,  Kan 

Wellsvill..,  Mo 

WelUville,  N.Y 

WelUville,  N.Y 

WelUville,  0 

Well.sville,  Utah 

Welsh,  Ij» 

Welton,  Iowa 

Welton,  W.  Va 

Wendell,  Kan 

Wendell,  M.ass 

Wenham,  Mass 

Wenona,  III 

Wentworih,  N.H 

Wentworth,  N  C.  

Wentworth,  S.D 

Wentzville,  Mo 

Weogufkii,  AH 

Wergeland,  Minn 

Wert,  N.Y 

Wesknu,  Kan 

Wesley,  III 

Wesley,  Iowa 

Wesley,  Iowa 

Weslev,  Me 

Wesley,  0 

Wei-ley.Tex 

Wesley  Cliapt- 1,  Fla  ... 

Wesobnlgii,  Al;i 

Wessington,  S.  D 

Wfsiiiigton,  S.D 

Wessington  Spr'gs,  S  D. 

Wesson.  Miss 

Went,  III 

West,  III 

West,  Ind 

West,  Iowa 

West,  Mo 

West,  O 

West,  Pa 

West  Alliany,  Minn.... 

West  Albany,  Ore 

West  Alexander,  Pa... 

Went  .Mexandria,  0 

West  Almond,  N.Y 

West  Aniwell,  N  J 

West  .\rmnchee,  Ga.... 

West  Hank,  Minn 

West  Bath,  Me 

West  Bay  City,  Mich... 
West  Beardstown,  III.. 

232 


Hank  of 
place. 


poet-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

puet-twp 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

townslilp 

(xist-twp 

township 

jHJSf-lioro' 

|x>8t-ti>wn 

|K>st-town 

niil.-d..'<t 

township 

city 

post-towu 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

posl-vill 

jMjst-twp 

precinct 

lownnliip 

townslilp 

township 

l>ost-lown 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

IHjst-town 

township 

jvjst-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

townslilp 

post-bo  ro' 

mag.-dist 

city 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

city 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

city 

[lost-proct 

post-town 

post-twp 

inng.-dist 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

city 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-prect 

town.sliip 

township 

IKJSt-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

village 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

|KISt-Vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-lioro' 

post-Till 

post-town 

township 

mil.-<Iist 

township 

township 

city 

precinct 


County. 


Anderson 

Ynma 

Morgan 

Bonnie 

Halifax 

Halifax 

Lincoln 

Henry 

Mcl.ean 

Ilichlancl 

Somerset 

Norfidk 

Barnstable 

Morgan 

Sumner 

Sumner 

Piscataquis 

Renville 

Lafayette 

Lorain 

Lorain 

Minnehaha 

Emery 

Monroe 

Appanoose 

Marshall 

York 

Tuscola 

Faribault 

Rico 

Elko 

Hiimilton 

.leffeison 

Bradford 

Fulton 

Rutland 

Monroe 

Lincoln 

Tiofra 

Brooke 

Brooke 

Kiowa 

Morrow 

Orange 

.Inckson 

Franklin....„... 
Montgomery. . 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Columbiana.... 

Cache 

Cal(  allien 

Clinton 

Mineral , 

Thomas 

Franklin.. 

Essex 

Marshall 

Grafton 

Rockingham.., 

Lake 

Saint  Charles.. 

Coosa 

Yellow  Med.... 

Alleghany , 

Wallace 

Will , 

Kossuth 

Kossuth 

Washington  ... 
Washington..., 

Austin 

Pasco 

Clay 

Beadle , 

Beadle 

.lerauld 

Copiah , 

Effingham , 

McLean 

Marshall 

Montgomery.., 
New  Madrid..., 
<.;<dumbiana..., 
Huntingdon..., 

Wabasha 

Linn 

Washington.... 

Preble 

Alleghany 

Henderson 

Walker 

Swift 

Sagadahoc 

Bay 

Casa 


Population. 


1880.      1800. 


04 
3,12tt 

ua2 


1,.')<W 


1,07  ti 

Tilj 

"i',87ft 

tNr2 

7-.id 

2,6U4 

G47 

378 
2,.3«4 
1,811 


l.tWM) 

668 

2,45il 

4V> 

661 

1,100 

243 

1,113 

1,4<K) 

1,148 

6U 

66.") 

6.58 

35o 

2,228 

1,81.5 

1,815 


613 

952 

143 

867 

4,2^M] 

2,()4'J 

3,377 

1,10.! 

"""sso 

877 


465 
889 
911 
939 
2,488 


54;{ 

836 

21 

1,225 


742 
643 


245 
1,482 


1,707 
1,047 
1,244 

1,771 
974 


2,fl50 
763 
829 
639 
395 
796 
803 

1,0:19 
714 
205 
31.5 

6,397 


782 

I2U 

102 

97 

3,6:)9 

1,286 

»7 

1,363 

1()9 

022 

18:t 

3,600 

1,291 

92;i 

678 

4,391 

684 

686 

446 

2,6:J3 

2,(169 

336 

2:10 

1,120 

022 

764 

2,0i9 

779 

1,208 

979 

254 

1,298 

1,929 

985 

656 

621 

642 

821 

2,961 

2,2.i5 

2.236 

4'.»2 

441 

626 

4,377 

392 

l,l;J8 

4,765 

3,4:J.5 

5,247 

1,045 

200 

916 

916 

500 

505 

886 

1,053 

698 

2,622 

417 

457 

818 

403 

1,219 

350 

646 

693 

440 

227 

1,361 

370 

356 

792 

298 

1.50 

267 

3,168 

901 

l,l:« 

1,683 

788 

1,176 

1,859 

773 

621 

1,290 

444 

575 

649 

866 

7.34 

404 

307 

12,981 

68 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


West  Bear  River,  Cal... 

West  Beaver.  Pa 

W.-Ht  Bellevue,  Pa 

West  Bund,  Inwa 

West  Bend,  Iowa 

West  Beiiil,  Wis 

West  Bend.  Wl- 

West  Berlin,  Md 

West  Betblehoin,  Pa.... 
West  Bethlihem,  Pa.... 
West  Bloonifiild,Mich. 
West  Bloom  field,  N.Y... 

West  Blue,  Neb 

West  Blue,  Neb 

West  Blue,  Neb 

West  Boone,  Mo 

Wcslborough,  Mass 

Westboronuh,  Mo 

Westborough,  Wis 

West  Bowersville,  Ga... 
West  BoyUton,  Mass.... 

West  Bradford.  Pa 

West  Branch,  loua 

West  Branch,  Iowa 

West  Branch,  Kan 

West  Blanch,  Mich 

West  Branch,  Mich 

West  Branch,  Mich 

West  Branch,  Neb 

West  Branch,  Pa 

West  Brandywlne,  Pa... 
West  Bridi;ewater,Ma-B 

We8tbrcK>k,Conn 

Westbrook,  Me 

Westbrook,  Minn 

Westbrook.  N.C 

West  Brookfield,  Mass, 
West  Brownsville,  Pa.. 
West  Brunswick,  Pa... 

Wett  BufTalo,  Pa 

Westburg,  Iowa 

West  Burlington,  Iowa 
West  Burlington,  Pa. 

West  Butte,  Ore 

West  Cairo,  O 

West  Cain,  Pa 

West  Cape  May,  N.J. 
West  Carrollton.O.... 
West  (Carthage,  N.Y.. 
West  Chehalem,  Ore. 

West  Cherry,  Kan 

Westchester,  Ind 

West  Chester,  Mo 

Westchester,  N.Y 

West  Chester,  0 

West  Chester,  Pa 

West  Clearfield,  Pa... 
West  Cleveland,  0.... 

Westcliffe,  Col 

Westcliffe,Col 

West  Cocalico,  Pa .... 
West    College    Corner, 

Ind 

West  Columbia,  W.  Va 
West  Con8hohocken,Pa 
West  Covington,  Ky.... 

West  Creek,  Ind 

West  Dallas,  Mo 

West  Dallas,  Ax.,  Ore.... 

West  Dallas,  Tex 

West  Decorah,  Iowa 

West  Deer,  Pa 

West  Pecrfii-ld,  III 

West  Deptford,  N.J 

West  Des  Moines,  Iowa 

West  Dolan,  Mo 

West  Donegal,  Pa... 
West  Duluih,  Minn 
West  Dundee,  III.... 

West  Earl,  Pa , 

West  Elizabeth,  Pa. 

WestElkton.  0 

West  End,  Ga 

West  End,  N.D 

West  End,  Va 

Westerheim,  Minn.. 

Westerlo,  N.Y 

Westerly,  R.I 

Western,  III 

Western,  III 

Western,  Kan 

Western,  Minn 

Western,  Neb 

Western,  Neb 

Western,  Neb , 

Western,  N.Y 


Banker 
place. 


township 

township 

borough 

township 

posl-vill 

township 

city 

district 

borough 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

townshiii 

|K>8t-town 

post-vill 

post-twp 

nill.-dist 

post-town 

township 

jiost-town 

township 

township 

township 

town-'hip 

post-vill 

precinct 

|)ost-twp 

township 

post-town 

|)Ost-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

lx)st-town 

post-bo  ro' 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

precinct 

postvill 

township 

liorongh 

|)ost-vill 

village 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

borough 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

village 

post  vill 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

village 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

village 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

city 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

towuship 


County. 


Yuba 

Snyder 

Alleghany 

Palo  Alto 

Palo  Alto...... 

WHShliigton... 
Washington... 

Worcester 

Lehigh 

Wasliington... 

Oakland 

Ontario, 

Adams. 

Fillmore 

York , 

Bates „ 

Worcester 

Atchison 

Taylor 

Franklin 

Worcester 

Chester.^ , 

(;edar 

Sioux 

Marlon 

Missaukee 

Ogemaw , 

Ogemaw 

Pawnee 

Potter 

Chester 

Plymouth 

Middlesex 

Cumberland... 
Cottonwood.... 

Sampson , 

Worcester 

Washington... 

Schuylkill 

Union , 

Buchanan 

Des  Moines.... 

Bradford 

Washington... 

Allen 

Chester , 

Cape  May 

Montgomery. 

Jefferson 

Yam  Hill 

Montgomery. 

Porter 

Greene 

Westchester.. 

Butler , 

Chester 

Clearfield  ...., 

Cuyahoga , 

Custer , 

Custer , 

Lancaster , 


Union 

Mason 

Montgomery.. 

Kenton , 

Lake 

Welwter 

Wasco 

Dallas 

Winneshiek... 

Alleghany 

Lake 

Gloucester 

Mahaska 

Cass 

Lancaster 

St.  Louis 

Kane 

Lancaster 

Alleghany 

Preble 

Fulton 

Richland 

Augusta 

Lyon 

Albany 

Washington... 

Henry 

Williamson.... 

Logan 

Otter  Tail 

Johnson 

Knox 

Saline 

Onelda.....«.... 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Ifame  of  place  and 
state. 


AVestern  Branch,  Va.... 

Western  Mi»ind,  111 

Western  Port,  Jld 

Western  Port,  Md 

Western  Prong,  N.C 

Western  Springs,  111.... 

Western  Star,  0 

Western  Stiir,  0 

Westerville,  Neb 

Westerville,  Neb 

Westerville,  0 

West  Fairlee,  Vt 

West  Fairview,  Pa 

Westfall.Pa 

West  Fallowfield,  Pa.... 
West  Fallowfield,  Pa.... 
West  Ferndale,  Wash... 

Westfleld,  111 

Weslfield,  111 

Westfield,  111 

Westfield,  Ind 

Westfield,  Iowa 

Westfield,  Iowa 

Westfleld,  Mass 

Westfield,  Minn 

Westfield,  N.J 

Westfield,  NY 

Westfield,  N.Y 

Westfield,  N.Y 

Westfield,  N.C 

Westfield,  0 

Westfield,  0 

Westfield,  Pa 

Westfield,  Pa 

Westfield,  Vt 

Westfield,  Wis 

Westfield,  Wis 

Westfield,  Wis 

West  Finley,  Pa 

Westford,  Mass 

AVestford,  Minn 

Westford,  N.Y 

Westford,  Vt 

Westford,  Wis 

Westford,  Wis 

West  Fork,  Ark 

West  Fork,  Iowa 

West  Fork,  Iowa 

West  Fork,  Iowa 

West  Fork,  N.C 

West  Four  Mile,  Col.... 

West  Franklin,  Pa 

West  Galena,  111 

West  G-illatiu,  Mont.... 

West  Gardiner,  Me 

West  Glasgow,  Ga 

West  Goshen,  Pa 

West  Grafton,  W.  Va... 

West  Greene,  Ala 

West  Greene,  Mo 

West  Greenwich,  R.I... 

West  Grove,  Iowa 

West  Gunnison,  Col 

West  Guthrie,  Okla 

West  Hagerstown,  &c., 

Md 

Westhampton,  Blass 

Westhauipton,  N.J 

West  Hanover,  Pa 

West  Harrison,  Ind 

West  Hariisville,  Mich. 
We,t  Hartfoid,  Conn... 

West  Haven,  Vt 

West  Haverstraw,  N.Y. 

West  Ha/.leton,  Pa 

West  Hemlock,  Pa 

West  Hempfield,  Pa 

West  Heron  Lake,Minu 

West  Hoboken,  N.J 

West  Indiana,  Pa 

West  Indianapolis.Ind. 

West  JeflTerson,  0 

West  Jersey,  HI 

West  Jordan,  Utah 

West  Keating,  Pa 

West  Kewaunee,  Wis... 
W'est  Knoxville,  Tenn. 
West  Liifayette,  Ind.... 

West  Lampeter,  Pa 

Westland,  0 

West  Latrobe,  Pa 

West  Lebanon,  Ind 

West  Lebanon,  Pa 

West  Leif)sic,  0 

West  Liberty,  Iowa 

West  Liberty,  Ky , 

16 


Bank  of 
place. 


mag.-dist 

township 

district 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

village 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

poHt-prect 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-boro' 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

towii.ship 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

precinct 

l)ost-town 

mii.-dist 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

district 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

village 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

village 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

borough 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

village 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

city 

precinct 


County. 


Norfolk 

Macoui)in 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Columbus 

Cook 

Medina. , 

Summit 

Custer 

Custer 

Franklin 

Orange 

Cumberland.. 

Pike 

Chester 

Crawford 

Whatcom 

Bureau 

Clark 

Clark  

Hamilton 

Plymouth 

Fayette 

Hampden 

Dodge  

Union 

Chautauqua.. 
Chautauqua.. 
Richmond..... 

Surry 

Medina 

Morrow 

Tioga 

Tioga 

Orleans 

Marquette.... 

Marquette 

Sauk 

Washington  . 

Middlesex 

Martin 

Otsego 

Chittenden.... 

Dodge 

Richland 

Washington.. 

Franklin 

Monona 

Woodbury 

Madison 

Park 

Armstrong.... 
Jo  Daviess.... 

Gallatin 

Kennebec 

Thomas 

Chester 

Taylor 

Greene 

Lawrence 

Kent 

Davis 

Gunnison 

Logan 


Washington 

Hampshire 

Burlington 

Dauphin 

Dearborn 

Alcona , 

Hartford , 

Rutland 

Rockland 

Luzerne 

Montour 

Lancaster 

Jackson 

Hudson 

Indiana 

Marion 

Madison 

Stark 

Salt  Lake 

Clinton 

Kewaunee 

Knox 

Tippecanoe , 

Lancaster 

Guernsey 

Westmoreland. 

Warren 

Lebanon 

Putnam 

Muscatine , 

Morgan 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


7,990 

984 

2,144 

l,4ti» 

456 

172 

112 

75 


1,148 
1,038 
1,090 
1,542 
1,048 
482 


1,319 
1,2.34 

G47 

350 

104 

999 

7,587 

641 

2,216 

3,323 

l,9;i4 

5,289 

1,495 

1,015 

1,199 

907 

579 

698 

834 

288 

1.46-2 

1,.524 

2,147 

186 

1,271 

1,133 

1,098 

1,01 12 

798 

615 

181 

285 

C21 


1,129 
5,837 


977 
1,712 
l,13;i 

641 


1,018 
1,100 


5a3 
715 

1,064 
290 


1,828 
492 


191 

395 

3,916 

96 

5,441 

1,077 


T20 

1,207 

857 

273 

1,638 


717 
2,026 
925 
1.59 
665 


1,141 
1,764 


9,  .590 

921 

2,401 

1,526 

587 

451 

77 

88 

919 

18 

1,.329 

,561 

1,137 

1,558 

1,039 

364 

579 

1,224 

1,190 

510 

815 

455 

909 

9,805 

581 

2,739 

3,401 

1,983 

8,2.58 

1,757 

1,090 

1,036 

1,261 

1,128 

76:5 

1,012 

500 

1,357 

1,.525 

2,250 

260 

1,023 

1,033 

97U 

1,124 

1,268 

6.53 

344 

622 

864 

32 

1,152 

4,683 

224 

853 

1,451 

1,111 

810 

1,119 

925 

798 

927 

616 

404 

3,451 

477 

688 

1,013 

320 

593 

1,9:50 

412 

180 

931 

:590 

3,704 

144 

11,665 

1,634 

3,527 

778 

976 

7:»2 

2.53 

1,620 

2,114 

1,242 

1,847 

819 

691 

644 

751 

502 

1,268 

1,947 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


West  Liberty,  Ky... 
West  Liberty,  Pa.... 
West  Lincolu,  111... 
West  Lincoln,  Neb. 
West  Lincoln,  Neb. 
West  Line,  Minn.... 

West  Line,  Mo 

West  MacGregor,  Iowa 
West  MacPherson.Neb. 

West  Madison,  Ind 

West  Mahanoy,  Pa 

West  Mahoning,  Pa 

West  Manchester,  Pa... 
West  Manheim,  Pa. 
West  Mansfield,  0.. 

Westmark,  Neb 

West  Marlborough,  Pa. 
West  Memphis,  Ark, 
West  Middleburg,  0. 
West  Middlesex,  Pa. 
West  Middletown,  Pa... 
West  Milford,  N.J.. 
West  Milford,  W.  Va... 

West  Mill  Grove,  0 

West  Millville,  Pa 

West  Milton,  0 

Westminster,  Cal 

Westminster,  Kan 

Westminster,  Md 

Westminster,  Md 

Westminster,  Mass 

Westminster,  S.C 

Westminster,  Vt 

West  Mitchell,  Iowa.... 

West  Monroe,  La 

West  Monroe,  N.Y 

Westmore,  Vt 

Westmoreland,  Kan 

Westmoreland,  N.H 

Westmoreland,  N.Y 

West  Muddy,  Neb 

West  Muddy,  Neb 

West  Nantmeal.Pa 

West  Nashville,  Tenn.. 
West  Newbury,  Mass... 

West  Newcastle,  Pa 

West  Newton,  Minn.... 

West  Newton,  Pa 

West  Norwood,  0 

West  Nottingham,  Pa.. 

West  Oak,  Neb 

West  Omaha,  Neb 

Weston,  Conn 

Weston,  Ga 

Weston,  Ky 

Weston,  Me 

Weston,  Mass 

Weston,  Mo 

Weston,  Mo 

Weston,  Neb 

Weston,  0 

Weston,  0 

Weston,  Ore 

Weston,  Ore 

Weston,  Ac,  S.D 

Weston,  Vt 

Weston,  W.  Va „.. 

Weston,  Wis 

Weston,  Wis 

Weston,  Wis 

West  Orange,  N.J 

Westover,  Ala 

West  Peculiar,  Mo 

West  Penn,  Pa 

West  Pennsborough,  Pa 

West  Perry,  Pa 

Westphalia,  Iowa 

Westphalia,  Kan 

Westphalia,  Kan 

Westphalia,  Mich 

Westphalia,  Mich 

West  Pikeland,  Pa 

West  Pike  Run,  Pa 

West  Pittston,  Pa. 

West  Plains,  Kan 

West  Plains,  Kan 

West  Plains,  Mo 

West  Point,  Cal 

West  Point,  Ga.„ 

West  Point,  Ga 

West  Point,  III 

West  Point,  Ind 

West  Point,  Iowa. 

West  Point,  Iowa 

West  Point,  Iowa 

West  Point,  Kj„ 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

borough 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

district 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

post  town 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

borough 

post-twp 

post-boro' 

village 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

borough 

township 

post-hmlt 

city 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

ciiy 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-di8t 


County. 


Morgan 

Alleghany 

Logan 

Lancaster 

Lancaster. 

Redwood 

Cass 

Clayton 

McPherson 

Jefferson 

Schuylkill 

Indiana.; 

York 

York 

Logan 

Phelps 

Chester 

Crittenden 

Logan 

Mercer 

Washington.... 

Passaic 

Harrison 

Wood 

Clarion 

Miami 

Orange 

Reno 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Worcester 

Oconee 

Windham 

Mitchell 

Ouachita 

Oswego 

Orleans 

Pottawatomie.. 

Cheshire 

Oneida 

Frontier 

Gosper 

Chester „. 

Davidson 

Essex 

Lawrence 

Nicollet 

Westmoreland. 

Hamilton 

Chester 

Lancaster 

Douglas , 

Fairfield 

Webster 

Crittenden 

Aroostook 

Middlesex 

Platte 

Platte 

Saunders 

Wood 

Wood 

Umatilla 

Umatilla 

Marshall 

Windsor 

Lewis 

Clarke 

Dunn 

Marathon 

Essex 

Covington 


Schuylkill 

Cumberland., 

Snyder 

Shelby 

Anderson 

Anderson 

Clinton 

Clinton , 

Chester 

Washington.. 

Luzerne 

Meade 

Meade 

Howell , 

Calaveras 

Troup 

Troup 

Stephenson... 

White 

Butler 

Lee 

Lee 

Ilaidin 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


225 

865 

3,488 


168 
134 


4,494 
1,170 
2,476 
1,194 
333 


1,146 


272 

918 

312 

2,591 


222 

290 

688 

961 

222 

6,573 

2,507 

1,(152 

162 

1,377 

307 


1,314 

480 


1,095 
2,744 


291 
1,027 


680 
1,476 

""804 

3.37 

674 

918 

176 

162 

417 

1,448 

2,156 

1,329 

.53 

2,361 

698 

1,265 

446 


987 

1,516 

530 

506 

968 

3,385 

300 

776 

2,215 

2,161 

749 

697 


1,738 


1,005 

885 

2,544 


361 

173 

2,372 

1,972 

2,744 

836 

800 

1,840 

704 

1,903 

288 


234 

863 

4,086 

723 

443 

141 

178 

74 

162 

467 

4,743 

1,056 

1,743 

1,269 

431 

501 

1,041 

375 

345 

966 

2:55 

2,486 

210 

207 

376 

796 

1,854 

416 

6,977 

2,903 

1,688 

582 

1,265 

232 

447 

1,100 

395 

478 

830 

2,313 

487 

460 

995 

1,047 

1,796 

1,761 

691 

2,285 

612 

817 

665 

1,049 

772 

215 

158 

404 

1,664 

1,940 

1,134 

341 

845 

1,444 

668 

61.5 

864 

2,143 

863 

690 

1,770 

4,:«8 

476 

901 

2,266 

2,263 

752 

1,265 

1,201 

375 

1,699 

a50 

664 

898 

3,906 

279 

62 

2,091 

266 

2,390 

1,254 

2,389 

905 

l,a33 

1,426 

498 

1,733 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 
CENSUS  RETURNS  OP  1880  AND  1890  COMPARED. 


KMn«  of  place  and 
•Ute. 


WMt  Point,  MlM 
We»t  Point,  Mo. 
West  Point,  Neb, 

Vfvat  Point,  Neb. 

West  Point,  Va 

Wf»t  Point,  Vo. 

West  Point,  WU 

Westport,  Cal 

WestjKirt,  Conn 

We«tiH)rt,  Ind 

Weet|K>rt,  Iowa 

WeBt|H>rt,  Ky ;.. 

WestiHjrt,  Ky 

Weet|iort,  Me 

We8t|>ort,  Mass 

Westport,  Minn 

We«l|iort,  Mo 

Westport,  N.Y 

Westport,  N.Y 

Westport,  Ore 

Westport,  S.D 

Westixjrt,  Wis 

West  Pralrio,  Ark 

West  Providence,  Pa.... 

West  Randolph,  Vt 

West  River,  lud 

West  Rockhill,  Pa 

West  Roseland,  111 

West  Kushville,  0 

West  Rutland,  Vt 

West  Sadsbiiry,  Pa 

West  Saiut  Clair,  Pa.... 
West  Saint  Paul,  Minn 
West  Salamanca,  N.Y.. 

West  Salem,  111 

West  Salem,  0 

West  Salem,  Pa 

West  Salem,  Wis 

West  Saratoga,  HI 

West  Seneca,  N.Y 

West  Shenango,  Pa..... 

West  Side,  Iowa , 

West  Side,  Iowa 

Westside,  Minn 

Westside,  Neb 

West  Sparta,  N.Y , 

West  Springfield,  III.. 
West  Springfield,  Mass. 
West  Slockbridge,Ma8S. 

West  Sweden,  Wis 

West  Taylor,  Pa 

Westtown,  Pa 

West  Troy,  N.Y 

West  Turin,  N.Y 

West  Union,  Iowa 

West  Union,  Iowa 

West  Union,  Kan 

West  Union,  Minn 

West  Union,  Neb 

West  Union,  N.Y 

West  Union,  0 

West  Union,  S.C 

West  Union,  W.  Va.  ... 
West  Union,  W.  Va .... 

West  Unity,  0 

West  Valley,  Minn 

AVest  Vernon,  Ga 

Westville,  Ala 

Westville,  Fla. 

Westville,  Ind 

Westville,  N.Y 

Westville,  Va 

West  Vincent,  Pa. 

West  Weber,  Utah 

West  Wheatfield,  Pa.... 

West  Wheeling.  0 

West  Whiteland,  Pa 

West  Windsor,  N.J 

West  Windsor,  Vt 

West  Winfield,  N.Y 

Westwood,  O 

Wetaug,  111 

Wetheredville,  Md 

Wethersfield,  Conn 

Wethersfield,  111 

Wethersfield,  N.Y 

Wetmore,  Kan 

Wetmore,  Kan 

Wetmore,  Pa , 

Wetnmpka,  Ala 

Wetumpka,  Ala 

Wewahitclika,  Fla 

Wexford,  Mich 

Weyauwega,  Wis 

Weyauwega,  Wi8.« 

.  Weybridge.  Vt 

234 


Bank  of 
place. 


Connty. 


poet- town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

po«t»twp 

poit-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

poet- town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

poet-Till 

post-prcct 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

village 

post-vill 

|X)st-town 

township 

township 

city 

post-vill 

|iost-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

townnhip 

village 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-twp 

|)08t-twp 

post-town 

post-vill 

|)08t-town 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-towu 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-twp 

townt<hip 

post-vill 

poet-town 


Clay ~ 

Batee.„ 

Cuming 

Cuming 

King  William.. 
King  William.. 

Columbia. 

Mendocino 

Fairfield 

Decatur 

Dickinson 

Oldham 

Oldham 

Lincoln 

Bristol 

Pope 

Jackson 

Essex 

Essex 

Clatsop M... 

Brown 

Dane „ 

Poinsett 

Bedford 

Orange 

Randolph 

Bucks 

Cook 

Fairfield 

Rutland 

Chester 

Bedford 

Dakota. 

Cattaraugus 

Edwards 

Wayne 

Mercer 

Ija  Crosse 

Union 

Erie 

Crawford 

Crawford 

Crawford 

Nobles 

Phelps 

Livingston 

Sangamon 

Hampden 

Berkshire 

Polk 

Cambria 

Chester 

Albany 

Lewis 

Fayette 

Fayette 

Norton 

Todd 

Custer 

Steuben , 

Adams 

Oconee 

Doddridge 

Doddridge 

Williams 

Marshall 

Troup .- 

Dale 

Holmes 

La  Porte 

Franklin 

Mathews 

Cheater 

Weber 

Indiana 

Belmont 

Chester 

Mercer 

Windsor 

Herkimer 

Hamilton 

Pulaski 

Baltimore 

Hartford 

Henry 

Wyoming 

Nemaha 

Nemaha 

McKeau 

Elmore 

Elmore 

Calhoun 

Wexford 

Waupaca 

Waupaca 

Addison. 


Population. 


1,780 

777 


1,009 

3,060 

667 

862 


3,477 
212 
63 
767 
219 
612 

2,894 
291 

2,677 

1,737 
364 
193 


1,987 
178 
1,179 
1,069 
1,061 


693 
951 


469 
315 
878 
2,071 
432 


3,46:} 
301 

1,591 
446 
339 


1,157 


4,149 

1,92.1 

173 


848 
8,820 
2,006 
2,448 
1,551 
684 
407 


1,271 
620 
192 

1,654 
350 
884 


1,022 
797 


627 

1,687 

2,807 

1,238 

003 

1,359 

470 

1,345 

1,390 

09O 

694 

862 

643 

316 

2,173 

l,2a5 

1,311 

603 

340 

1,438 

3,912 

816 

240 

419 

1,243 

722 

6081 


2,762 

822 

1,842 

1,842 

4,622 

2,018 

701 

1,414 

3,716 

462 

246 

014 

181 

451 

2,599 

457 

1,368 

1,864 

663 

208 

424 

1,893 

323 

1,710 

1,573 

1,746 

1,193 

1,407 

1H5 

3,680 

774 

944 

1,596 

495 

476 

750 

2,043 

542 

1,16S 

3,485 

.328 

1,658 

448 

310 

317 

1,008 

068 

5,077 

1,492 

270 

1,277 

895 

12,967 

1,803 

1,670 

1,070 

354 

637 

730 

1,167 

825 

235 

1,724 

312 

872 

137 

1,009 

874 

285 

522 

1,370 

2,939 

1,081 

722 

1,771 

674 

1,096 

1,.329 

570 

741 

1,050 

617 

804 

2,271 

1,210 

1,032 

1,101 

522 

1,959 

4,.536 

019 

?200 

5.59 

1,252 

706 

643 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Bank  of 
place. 


Weymouth,  Mass 

Weymouth,  N.J 

Whalan,  Mhin 

Whaleyvllle,  Va. 

Wharton,  Pa 

Wharton,  Pa 

Wharton  Creek,  Ark 
What  Cheer,  Iowa.... 

Whatcom,  Wash 

Whatcom,  Wash 

Whately,  Mass 

Wheatfield,  III 

Wheatfield,  Ind 

Wheatfield,  Mich 

Wheatfield,  Mich 

Wheatfield,  N.Y 

Wheatfield,  N.D , 

Wheatfield,  Pa 

Wheatland,  Cal 

Wheatland,  III 

Wheatland,  III 

Wheatland,  III 

Wheatland,  III  , 

Wheatland,  Iowa 

Wheatland,  Iowa 

Wheatland,  Kan 

Wheatland,  Kan 

Wheatland,  Kan 

Wheatland,  Kan 

Wheatland,  Mich 

Wheatland,  Mich , 

Wheatland,  Mich.... 

Wheatland,  Minn 

Wheatland,  Mo 

Wheatland,  N.Y 

Wheatland,  N.D 

Wheatland,  N.D 

Wheatland,  Pa 

Wheatland,  S.D 

Wheatland,  Wis 

Wheatland,  Wis 

Wheatley,  Ark 

Wheaton,  111 

Wheaton,  Md 

Wheaton,  Minn 

Wheaton,  S.D 

Wheaton,  Wig 

Wheeler,  Ala 

Wheeler,  Ark 

Wheeler,  Ark„ 

Wheeler,  Col 

Wheeler,  Iowa 

Wheeler,  Iowa 

Wheeler,  Mich 

Wheeler,  N.Y 

Wheelersburg,  0 

Wheelerville,  Ala.... 

Wheeling,  111 

Wheeling,  III 

Wheeling,  Minn 

Wheeling,  Mo. 

Wheeling,  0 

Wheeling,  0 

Wheeling,  W.  Va 

Wheelock,  Vt 

Whelchels,  Ga 

Whetstone,  Ky 

Whetstone,  0 

Whigham,  Ga 

Whigham,  Ga 

Whipple  Barracks,  Ariz 
Whiskey  Bun,  Ind, 

Whistler,  Ala 

Whitaker,  Ga 

Whitaker,  N.C 

White,  Ark 

White,  Ark 

White,  Ark 

White,  Ark 

White,  Ga 

White,  Kan 

White,  Mo 

White,  Mo 

White,  N.C 

White,  Pa 

White,  Pa 

White,  Pa 

White,  S.D 

White,  S.D 

White  Bear,  Minn. 
White  Bear  Lake,  Minn 
White  Bear  Lake,  Minn 

White  Breast,  Iowa 

White  Breast,  Iowa 

White  Castle,  La 

White  Chapel,  Va 


County. 


post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-Till 

township 

|)oet-twp 

township 

city 

precinct 

city 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

|)OSt-boro' 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-vill 

district 

post-vill 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post  twp 

township 

township 

city 

jiost-town 

niil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

village 

township 

poHt-prect 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 


Norfolk 

Atlantic 

Fillmore 

Nansemond 

Fayette 

Potter 

Madison 

Keokuk 

Whatcom 

Whatcom 

Franklin 

Clinton 

Jasper 

Ingham 

Montmorency , 

Niagara 

Grand  Forks... 

Perry 

Yuba 

Bureau 

Fayette 

Macon 

Will 

Carroll 

Clinton 

Barton 

Dickinson 

Ellis 

Ford 

Hillsdale 

Mecosta 

Sanilac 

Rice 

Hickory , 

Monroe 

Cass , 

Griggs 

Mercer , 

Day 

Kenosha 

Vernon 

Saint  Francis. 

Du  Page 

Montgomery.. 

Traverse 

Hand 

Chippewa 

Colbert 

Van  Buren.... 
Washington... 

Summit 

Lyon : 

Sac 

Gratiot 

Steuben 

Scioto 

Mobile 

Cook 

Cook 

Rice 

Livingston 

Belmont 

Guernsey 

Ohio 

Caledonia 

Hall 

Cumberland... 

Crawford 

Decatur 

Decatur 

Yavapai 

Crawford 

Mobile 

Harris 

Nash 

Ashley 

Newton 

Pike 

Polk 

Jones 

Kingman 

Benton , 

Macon , 

Bertie 

Beaver 

Cambria 

Indiana , 

Brookings. 

Marshall 

Ramsey 

Ramsey , 

Pope , 

Lucas , 

Warren 

Iberville 

Lancaster 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1880   AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


White  City,  Kan 

Wliite  Cl-iy,  Neb 

Wliite  Clay  Creek,  Del. 

White  Cloud,  Iowa 

White  Cloud,  Kan 

White  Cloud,  Mich 

White  Cloud,  Mo 

White  Creek,  Ga 

White  Creek,  N.Y 

White  Creek,  N.C 

White  Deer,  Pa 

White  Earth,  Minn 

White  Eves,  0 

Whitefleld,  111 

Whiteflcld,  Me 

Whiteiield,  Minn 

Whitefield,  N.H 

Whitefish,  Mich 

Whitefard,  Mich 

Whitehall,  Ala 

Whitehall,  111 

Whitehall,  111 

Whitehall,  Mich 

Whitehiill,  Mich 

Whiteliall,  Mont 

Whitehall,  N.Y 

Whitehall,  N.Y 

Whitehall,  Pa 

Whitehall,  S.C 

Whitehall,  Va 

Whitehall,  Wis 

Whitehead  Mills,  Tenn 

White  House,  N.C 

White  House,  0 

White  House,  Pa 

White  Lake,  Mich 

White  Lake,  S.D 

White  Lake,  S.D 

Whiteland,  Ind 

Whiteley,  Pa 

Whitemarsh,  Pa 

White  Mound,  Kan 

White  Oak,  Ark 

White  Oak,  Ark 

White  Oak,  Ark 

White  Oak,  Ark 

White  Oak,  Cal 

White  Oak,  III 

White  Oak,  III 

White  Oak,  Iowa 

White  Oak,  Iowa 

White  Oak,  Ky 

White  Oiik,  Ky 

White  Oak,  Mich 

White  Oak,  Mo 

White  Oak,  Mo 

White  Oak,  N.C 

White  Oak,  N.C 

White  Oak,  N.C 

White  Oak,  N.C 

White  Oak,  N.C 

White  Oak,  N.C 

White  Oak,  0 

White  Oaks,  N.M 

White  Oaks,  N.M 

White  Oak  Springs, Wis 
White  Pigeon,  Mich... 
White  Pigeon,  Mich... 

White  Pine,  Col 

White  Pine,  Col 

White  Plains,  Ala 

White  Plains,  Ala 

White  Plains,  Ga 

White  Plains,  Ga 

White  Plains,  Ga 

White  Plains,  Ky 

White  Plains,  N.Y 

White  Plains,  N.Y 

White  Plains,  S.C 

White  Post,  Ind. 

White  Kiver,  Ark 

White  River.  Ark 

White  River,  Ark 

White  River,  Ark 

White  River,  Ark 

White  River,  Ark 

White  River,  Cal 

White  River,  Col 

White  River,  Ind 

White  River,  Ind 

White  River,  Ind 

White  Kiver,  Ind 

White  River,  Mich 

White  River,  Mo 

White  River,  Neb 

White  Rock,  Ark 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-vill 

precinct 

hundred 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-vill 

l)08t-twp 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

l)ost-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

civil-dist 

township 

post-vill 

borough 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post  prect 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 


County. 


Morris 

Sheridan 

New  Castle 

Mills 

Doniphan 

Newaygo 

Nodaway 

White 

Washington 

Bladen 

Union 

Becker 

Coshocton 

Marshall 

Lincoln 

Kandiyohi 

Coos 

Chippewa 

Monroe 

Lowndes 

Greene 

Greene 

Muskegon 

Muskegon  

Jefferson 

Washington ... 
Washington.... 

Lehigh 

Abbeville 

Albemarle 

Trempealeau .. 

Carter 

Robeson 

Lucas 

Luzerne 

Oakland 

Aurora 

Aurora 

Johnson 

Greene 

Montgomery... 

Jewell 

Cleveland 

Franklin 

Sebastian 

Van  Buren 

El  Dorado 

Gallatin 

McLean 

Maha£ka 

Warren 

Adair 

Leslie 

Ingham 

Harrison 

Henry 

Bladen 

Carteret 

Jones 

Onslow 

Polk 

Wake 

Highland 

Lincoln 

Lincoln 

Lafayette 

Saint  Joseph... 
Saint  Joseph. .. 

Gunnison 

Gunnison 

Calhoun 

Calhoun 

Greene 

Greene 

Lincoln 

Hopkins 

Westchester.... 
Westchester.... 
Spartanburg..., 

Pulaski 

Independence., 

Izard 

Mariim 

Prairie 

Washington.... 

White 

Tulare 

Rio  Blanco 

Gibson 

Hamilton 

Johnson 

Randolph 

Muskegon 

Barry 

Sioux 

Frauklla 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


158 


2,776 
776 
825 
440 

1,541 


2,742 

1,612 

1,865 

810 

960 

1,034 

1,511 

434 

1,828 


2,014 
1,213 


1,835 
1,724 


5,347 
4,270 
3,929 
1,793 
4,253 

267 
1,010 
1,428 

554 
1,408 

998 


230 
997 

3,239 
751 
320 

3,863 


729 

841 

532 
1,283 

693 
1,340 

306 
1,181 
1,105 

565 
1,507 
1,108 

961 
l,6(i2 
1,119 
1,948 
1,24b 


268 

451 

1,707 

1,021 


1,280 

140 

1,218 

459 

979 

35 

4,094 

2,381 

2,:«7 

862 

1,778 

.307 

641 

2,039 

1,766 

1,141 


837 


391 

132 

2,870 

673 

699 

743 

1,552 

564 

2,690 

1,642 

1,907 

207 

1,048 

821 

1,215 

MKI 

2,041 

251 

1,901 

1,146 

.3,244 

1,961 

2,014 

1,902 

216 

6,402 

4,434 

5,514 

2,:i52 

3,624 

304 

1,212 

1,729 

507 

1,634 

857 

7-16 

366 

212 

1,068 

3,616 

899 

377 

3,938 

5(H 

320 

598 

887 

694 

1,449 

5:i4 

1,.3:J4 

347 

1,070 

1,148 

680 

1,685 

1,028 

978 

1.756 

1,156 

1,843 

1,205 

719 

385 

384 

1,646 

961 

237 

143 

1,300 

202 

1,325 

510 

8li2 

59 

.4,608 

4,042 

3,362 

!t22 

1,913 

419 

951 

1,923 

970 

1,343 

539 

86 

2,692 

2,139 

2,072 

6,944 

633 

1,637 

313 

654 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


White  Rock,  111 

White  Rock,  Kan 

White  Rock,  Kan 

White  Rock,  Kan 

White  Rock,  Mich 

White  Rock,  Mo 

White  Bock,  S.D 

Whites,  Ac,  Ala 

White  Salmon,  Wash... 
Wliitesborough,  N.Y.... 
Whitesborough,  Tex.... 

Whitesburg,  Ala 

Whitesburg,  Ga 

Whitesburg,  Ga 

Whitesliurg,  Ky 

Whitesburg,  Tenn 

Wliite  Shoals,  Va 

Whiteside,  S  D 

Whiteside,  Tenn 

White  Springs,  Fla 

White  Springs,  Fla 

White's  Store,  N.C 

Whitestone,  N,Y 

Whitestone,  N.D 

White  Stone,  Va 

Whitestown,  N.Y 

Whitestown,  Wis 

Wliite  Sulphur,  Ky 

White  Sulphur,  Ky 

White  Sulphur,  W.  Va. 
White  Sulphur  Springs, 

Ga 

White  Sulphur  Springs, 

Ky 

White  Sulphur  Springs, 

Mont 

Whitesville,  Ga 

Whitesville,  Ky 

White  Tail,  Neb 

Wliiteville,  Ark 

Whiteville,  Ark 

Whiteville,  Ark 

Whiteville,  N.C 

Whiteville,  N.C 

Whiteville,  Tenn 

Whitewater,  Ind 

White  Water.  Ind 

Whitewater,  Iowa 

White  Water,  Kan 

Whitewater,  Mich 

Whitewater,  Minn 

Whitewater,  Mo.. 

Whitewater,  Mo 

White  Water,  0 

Whitewater,  S.C 

Whitewater,  Wis 

Whitewater,  Wis 

White  Woman,  Kan.... 

Whitewood,  S.D 

Whitewood,  S.D 

Whitewright,  Tex 

Whitfield,  Ga 

Whitfield  Mills,  Ga 

Whiting,  Ind 

Whiting,  Iowa 

Whiting,  Kan 

Whiting,  Kan 

Whiting,  Me 

Whiting,  Vt 

Whitingham,  Vt 

Whitley,  Ark 

Whitley,  III 

Whitman,  Mass 

Whitman,  Ac,  Neb 

Whitmore,  III 

Whitney,  Mich 

Whitney,  Mich , 

Whitney,  Neb 

Whitney,  Neb 

Whitney,  N.Y 

Whitney  Mills.  S.C 

Whitneyville,  Me 

Whiton,  Ala 

Whitpain,  Pa 

Whitson,  Ala 

Whitt,  Tex 

Whittemore,  Iowa 

Whittemore,  Iowa 

Whitten,  Ark 

Whitten,  Iowa. 

Whittier,  Cal 

Whittier,  Neb 

Whitwell,  Tenn 

Wiccaranee,  N.C 

Wichita,  Kan 

Wichita,  Kan 


Bank  of 
place. 


poBt-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-town 

jiost-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

civil-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

ix)8t-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-tu  p 

post-vill 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

precinct 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-town 

niil.-dlst 

post-vill 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

[(ost-twp 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

lK)st-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

township 

village 

precinct 

post-vill 

village 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

township 

city 


County. 


Ogle 

Lane 

Bepulilic 

Smith 

Huron 

McDonald... 

Roberts 

RIount 

Klikitat 

Oneida 

Grayson 

Madison 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Letcher 

Hamblen.... 

Lee 

Beadle 

Marion 

Hamilton.... 
Hamilton,... 

Anson 

Queens 

Sargent 

Lancaster... 

Oneida 

Vernon 

Bath 

Scott 

Greenbrier.. 


Meriwether.. 


Boyd., 


Meagher 

Harris 

Daviess 

Keith 

Baxter 

Cleveland... 

Jefferson 

Columbus... 
Columbus... 
Hardeman.. 

Franklin 

Wayne 

Dubuque 

Butler. 

Grand  Traverse 

Winona 

Bollinger 

Cape  Girardeau 

Hamilton 

Oconee 

Walworth 

Walworth 

Wichita 

Kingsbury 

Lawrence 

Grayson 

Morgan 

Pulaski 

Lake 

Monona 

.Tackson 

Jackson 

Washington 

Addison 

Windham 

Crawford 

Moultrie 

Plymouth 

Grant 

Macon 

Arenac 

Arenac 

Dawes 

Dawes 

Broome 

Spartanburg 

Washington 

DeKalb 

Montgomery.... 
Tuscaloosa.... 

Parker 

Kossuth 

Kossuth 

Mississippi ... 

Hardin 

Los  Angeles.. 

Lincoln 

Marion 

Northampton 

Sedgwick 

Sedgwick 


Population. 


376 

eco 


1,370 
773 


1,432 

368 

1,019 


2,76'! 


1,438 


1,775 
2,620 


2,520 
4,498 
830 
1,137 
1,018 
1,499 

1,311 


769 
309 


806 
613 
463 

2,670 
343 
IKi 

1,519 
181 

1,106 


740 

659 

1,354 

1,315 

1,575 

770 

902 

3,617 


100 
835 
100 
115 
66 
417 
221 
425 
455 
1,240 


1,297 
3,024 


1,320 
230 


818 
""492 
"i",429 


2,542 

935 

4,9U 

235 


887 
291 
6.54 
615 
335 
828 

lis 

1,055 

189 
1,063 
1,170 
2,059 
1,315 

294 
1,211 
1,092 
3,544 

131 

533 
1,627 

543 
1,709 
2,808 

125 
2,804 
6,165 

863 
1,2.58 
1,074 
1,614 

1,583 

430 

640 
776 
398 
130 
994 
719 

1,051 

2,549 
372 
209 

1,237 
123 
984 
184 
792 
706 

1,462 

1,162 

1,317 
708 
849 

4,:{59 

192 

526 

•  443 

880 

1,160 
688 

1,4(18 
437 

1,131 
381 
393 
365 

1,191 
931 

1,320 

4,441 
211 

1,046 
3;i4 
301 
852 
100 
842 
336 
413 
766 

1,505 
380 
278 
644 
578 
152 
195 
585 
165 
906 

2,616 

883 

23,863 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Nam*  of  place  aud 
iUI«. 


Wichita  Palla,  Tex 

Wicker,  Ala. 

Wiok««,  Mont- 

■Wiikli^m,  Ala.....„ 

"WKkliffe,  Ky 

Wlroiiiico,  Va. 

Wi<x>iiiKo,  Pa. 

Widiier,  Ind. 

Wier,  Neb 

Wiitlit,  Ga. „ 

Wilber,  Mich._ 

WilLrr,  Neb 

WiU>er,  Neb 

Wilber,  Neb 

Wilber,  8.1> 

Wilbrahani,  Mass 

Williiir,  Ore 

Wilbur,  Wash 

M'ilburn,  KHti 

Wilburton,  III 

Wilcox,  III 

Wilcox,  Mich 

Wilcox,  Neb. 

Wilcox,  Pa. 

Wildcat,  Ga. 

Wildcat,  Ga 

Wildcat,  Ga 

Wildcat,  Ind 

Wildcat,  Kan 

Wild  Cat.  Kan 

Wildcat,  Ore 

Wilde,  Col 

Wilder,  NO 

Wildernesi,  W.  Va 

Wild  Horse,  Kan 

Wild  Horse,  Ore. 

Wildoniar,  ChI 

Wild  Rice,  Minn 

Wildwood,  ,tc.,  Fla 

Wildwood,  Fla. 

Wiley,  Ark.„ 

Wiley  Cove,  Ark.._ 

Wilhite,  Ala. 

Wilki'rson,  Ark 

Wilkes  Barre,  I'a 

Wilkes  Darre,  Pa 

Vilkihborougli,  N.C.... 
WilkesboroUKh,  N.C.... 

Wilkeson,  Wanh 

M'ilkeaville,  O 

MMIkesville,  0 

Wilkitis,  Pa  ..„ 

Wilkiiigburg,  Pa, 

Wilkinson,  Ga 

Will,  111 

Willacoochee,  0.» 

WillHCoochee,  Ga 

Willamette,  Oie 

Willapiette,  Ore„ 

Willamette,  Ore 

AVillaniette,  Ore 

Willamette  SloUKb.Ore 

WillxniiDa,  Ore 

Willard,  Ky 

Willard.  N.C 

AVillard,  Utah 

Willard,  Utah 

Willcox,  AriE. 

Willcox,  Kan 

WilleniBenbnrg,  Fla 

Willet^  N.y 

Will.-y,  N.D...„ 

William  Forks  Col 

William  Hamilton, S.D 
William    H.   Caldwell, 

Tenn 

Williams,  .\riz. 

Williams,  Ark. 

William*,  Cal 

Williams,  111 

Williams,  Iowa. 

William",  Iowa. 

Williams  Mich 

WilliamM,  Mo _ 

Williams,  Mo 

Williams,  Mo.. 

Williams,  N  C. 

William",  N.C 

Williams.  N  C 

Williams,  N.D.._ 

Williams,  Pa, 

Williams,  Pa. 

Williams.  W.  Va 

WilliHmslwrough,  N.C. 
Williiimsboroiigli,  N  C. 
WUUama'  Bridge,  N.Y 

236 


Bank  of 
piac*. 


poat-tnwn 

precinct 

p(ist-{irect 

precinct 

post-town 

mag.Hlist 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

preci  net 

post-Till 

precinct 

township 

poet-tow  n 

poat-prect 

poet  town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

poat-vill 

post-Till 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

poet-prect 

township 

mag.-<ligt 

township 

precinct 

poet-prect 

post-twp 

precinct 

poet-Till 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

city 

township 

post-Till 

post-prcct 

township 

poet-Till 

township 

poHt-l>oro' 

mil.-dist 

township 

mtl.-dist 

|K>9t-Till 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

piecinct 

precinct 

|iost-town 

post-Till 

precinct 

city 

poet- town 

post-twp 

precinct 

|ioet-town 

township 

precinct 

township 

ciTil-dist 

post-town 

township 

poBt-town 

township 

township 

poet-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

town-hip 

township 

township 

townsliip 

township 

township 

raag.-dist 

township 

post-Till 

poat-Till 


Ounnty. 


WIchito 

Clay 

JetTerson 

Limestone 

Ballard 

Nortliuniberl'd 

Dauphin 

Knox 

Cheyenne 

I>ecatur 

Iosco 

Saline 

Saline 

Wayne 

Bnil6 

HamiMlen 

I>onglss. 

Lincoln 

Ford 

Fayette 

Hancock 

Newaygo 

Kt-arney 

Elk 

Cherokee 

Haralson 

Oconee 

Tipton 

Elk 

Riley  .> 

Lane... 

Prowers 

Johnston 

Nicholas 

Graham 

Harney 

San  Diego 

Norman  

Snmter 

Sumter. 

Randolph 

Searcy 

Cullman 

Desha 

Luzerne 

Lu7.erne 

Wilkes 

Wilkes 

Pierce  

Vinton 

Vinton 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Talbot 

Will 

Coffee 

Coffee 

Benton 

Lane 

Multnomah 

Yam  Hill 

Multnomah 

Yam  Hill.„ 

Carter 

Pender 

Box  Elder 

Box  Elder. 

Cochise.„ 

Trego 

Manatee 

Cortland  ., 

Sargent, 

Routt. 

Hyde._ 


Obion.. 

CoconiDO 

Lonoke 

Colusa 

Sangamon 

Calhonn 

Hamilton..,..,.. 

Bay 

Benton 

Stone 

Wayne 

Cliatham 

Columbus 

Martin 

Nelson 

Dauphin 

Northampton.,. 

Wood 

Vance 

Vance 

Westchester 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


l.t/T-t 


1,7(12 
2,130 
I,781» 


735 

202 

1,4M 

700 


1,62" 
206 


1,116 

2, 

850 


744 
950 
779 
1,972 
872 


1,479 
1,572 


699 
649 
400 
26S 

2.445 
23,3:» 

1,677 
200 


1,812 
309 
4.426 
1,529 
1,375 
882 
1,180 


181 
S-iS 
374 
368 
300 


749 
412 


726 


1,098 
279 

1,665 
316 
^54 
866 

2,-^16 

7(e 

786 
2,622 
1,541 
1,00C 


2,764 
2,847 
1,658 


176 


1,M7 

1,238 

7«4 

1,242 

959 

1,609 

2,2i<0 

1,820 

92 

668 

299 

1,986 

1,226 

248 

153 

1,814 

f300 

410 

205 

1,105 

3,246 

1,W7 

2V) 

1,037 

799 

776 

1,008 

2,383 

1,428 

695 

.'18 

86 

1,464 

1,«65 

28:s 

98 
220 
6<i7 

3,414 
419 

1,092 
947 
728 
266 

2,917 
37,718 

1,898 
330 
499 

1,067 
262 

2,:VH 

4,662 

1,321 
816 

1,907 
398 
432 
50:i 

377 
460 
4.T3 
431 
34 
754 
492 
396 

'2-it; 

371! 

S<KI 
89 
98 
66 

649 

199 

1903 

461 

1,678 

656 

709 

1,300 

2,5.'W 

1,170 

1,281 

2,760 

2,371 

842 

62 

1,485 

2,676 

1,670 

134 

1,685 


Name  of  place  and 
sUte. 


Williamsburg,  Col 

Williamsburg,  Ga. 

Williamsburg,  luwa.... 

Williumsbnrg,  Kan 

Willianishnrg,  Kan 

Williamsburg,  Ky 

Williamsburg,  Ky 

Williamsbuig,  Me 

Williamsburg,  ild 

Williamsburg,  Mass.,,. 
Williamsburg,  Miss..., 

Williamsburg,  Neb 

WilliHinsburg,  N.C 

Williamsburg,  0.„ 

Williamsburg,  0..~ 

Williamsburg,  Pa. 

Williamsburg,  Va 

Williamsburg,  W.  Va. 

Williamsburg,  Wis 

Willi:tuig'  Creek,  Ore... 

Williaiiisfleld,  O 

Williams'  Fork,  Col 

Williams'  Mills,  Ky 

Williamson,  Ala 

Williiimson,  Ga 

Williamson,  N.Y 

Williamson,  N.C 

Willianisport,  Ind 

Willianisporl,  Kan 

Willi'tmsport,  Md 

Williiimsport,  Md 

Willianisport,  N,D 

W'illiamsport,  0 

Williamsport,  Pa 

Williams'  Scbool-U'se, 

Ala 

Williams'  Store,  Tenn,. 

WiUiamston,  Mich 

Williamston,  Mich 

Williamston,  N.C 

William>ton,  N.C 

Williamston,  S,C 

Williamston,  8.C 

William«town,  Ky 

Williamstown,  Ky 

Williamstown,  Mass,,., 

Williamstown,  Mo 

William»town,  N,Y 

Williamstown,  Pa« 

Williamstown,  Vt 

Williamstown,  W.  Va., 

William«town,  Wis 

Williamsville,  III 

Williainsville,  Mo 

WilliamsTille,  Va, 

Willimantic,  Conn 

Willimantic,  Mo 

Willing.  N,Y 

Willingborough,  N.J,,.. 

Williiigham,  Ga 

Williiigtoii,  Conn 

Willis,  Va „., 

Willisburg,  Ky.. 

Williston,  Fla. 

Willi>ton,  N.D 

Williston,  S.C 

Williston,  S.C. 

Williston,  Vt 

Willistown,  Pa 

wmi<Tille,Ga 

Willits,  Cal 

Willmar,  Minn 

Wiliniar,  Minn 

Willonghby,  0.,„ 

Willoughbv,  O 

Willow,  Cal 

Willi^*,  Iowa 

Willow,  Iowa 

Willow,  Iowa 

Willow,  Iowa 

Willow^,  Iowa,. 

Willow,  Neb 

Willow,  Neb 

Willow,  Ore 

Willow,  S.C 

Wilhiw,  Wis 

Willow  Bank,  N.D 

WilKiw  Bend,  Utah 

Willow  Branch,  III 

Willow  City,  N.D 

Willow  Creek,  Idaho... 
Willow  Creek,  Idaho... 

Willow  Creek,  III 

Willow  Creek,  Mont.... 
Willow  Creek,  Mont..,. 
Willow  Creek,  Neb 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-prect 

post-town 

post-town 

townsliip 

poet-Till 

precinct 

|iost-town 

township 

district 

post-town 

post-beat 

poet-twp 

township 

township 

post-Till 

t>ost-Till 

city 

niHg.-dist 

post-Till 

precinct 

|H>st-twp 

precinct 

mag.-dlst 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

district 

post-town 

poet-twp 

post-Till 

city 

precinct 

ciTil-dist 

township 

post-Till 

township 

post-Till 

township 

post-Till 

mag.-dist 

ptist-Till 

post' town 

post-Till 

pos^town 

poet-boro' 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-Till 

post-Till 

mag.-<ligt 

borough 

poet-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

(loet-towfi 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-Till 

post-town 

township 

mil.-dist 

poet-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-Till 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-town 

precini t 

precinct 

township 

prednct 

jwst-prect 

precinct 


Connty. 


Fremont 

Calhoun 

Iowa 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Whitley 

Whitley 

Ilscntaquis 

Dorchi-ster 

Hampshire 

Covington 

Phelps. , 

Rockingham, 

Clermont 

Clermont 

Blair , 

James  City.,,.. 

Greenbrier 

Milwaukee,.., 

Josephine 

Ashtabula 

Grand 

Caldwell 

Barbour 

Pike 

Wayne 

Richmond,.. , 

Warren 

Shawnee 

Washington,, 
Washinuton.. 

Emmons 

Pickaway  ~.,.. 
Lycoming 


Henry 

Hamblen 

Ingham 

Ingham 

Martin 

Martin 

Anderson 

Anderson 

Grant 

Grant 

Berkshire 

Lewis 

Oswego.  _ 

Dauphin 

Orange , 

Wood 

Dodge 

Sanganion,,,,. 

Wavne 

Bath , 

Windham 

Piscataquis,.. 

Alleghany 

Burlington,,,. 

Worth 

Tolland 

Dickenson,... 
Washington.. 

LeTy 

Buford 

Barnwell 

Barnwell 

Chittenden.,,. 

Che»ter, 

Charlton 

BIendocino,„, 
Kandiyohi,  .. 
Kandiyohi,,.. 

Lake 

lAke 

Glenn 

Cherokee 

Crawford 

Greene 

tlonona. 


Woodbury 

Antelope 

Lincoln 

Baker 

Orangeburg., 

Richland 

La  Moure 

Sevier 

Piatt 

Bottineau 

Bingham 

Logan 

Lee 

Cascade », 

Gallatin 

Dawes 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1880   AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Kame  of  place  and 
state. 


Willow  Creek,  Neb 

Willow  Creek, Ore 

Willowdale,  Kan 

Willowdale,  Neb 

Willow  Fork,  Mo 

Willow  Green,  N.C 

Willow  Grove,  Neb 

Willow  Grove,  Teun.... 

Willow  Hill,  111 

Willow  Island,  Neb 

Willow  Lake,  Minn 

Willow  Lake,  N.D 

Willow  Lake,  S.D 

Willow  Lake,  S.D 

Willows,  N.D 

Willow  Springs,  Kan... 

Willow  Springs,  Mo 

Willow  Springs,  Mo 

Willow  Springs,  Neb... 
Willow  Springs,  Ore.... 
Willow  Springs,  Ore.... 
Willow  Springs,  Wis. ... 

Wills,  Ala 

Wills,  Ind 

Will8,0 

Willsborough,  N.Y 

Wills  Creek,  Md 

Willshire,  0 

Willshire,  0 

Will's  Point,  Tex 

Wilmerding,  Pa. 

Wilmette,  111 

Wilmington,  Ark 

Wilmington,  Cal 

Wilmington,  Cal 

Wilmington,  Del 

Wilmington,  III 

Wilmington,  111 

Wilmington,  Ind 

Wilmington,  Kan 

Wilmington,  Mass 

Wilmington,  Minn 

Wilmington,  N.Y 

Wilmington,  N.C 

Wilmington,  0 

Wilmington,  Pa 

Wilmington,  Pa 

Wilmington,  Vt 

Wilmont,  Minn 

Wilmore,  Pa 

Wilmot,  Ga 

Wilniot,N.H 

Wilmot,  Pa 

Wilmot,  Wis 

Wilmurt,  N.Y 

Wilna,  N.Y 

Wilson,  Ala 

Wilson,  Ala 

Wilson,  Ark 

Wilson,  Ark 

Wilson,  Ark 

Wilson,  Ga 

Wilson,  Ga „ 

Wilson,  Ga 

Wilson,  Idaho 

Wilson,  III 

Wilson,  Iowa, 

Wilson,  Kan 

Wilson,  Kan 

Wilson,  Kan 

Wilson,  Kan 

Wilson,  Kau 

Wilson,  Ky 

Wil.'<on,  La 

Wilson,  Mich 

Wilson,  Mich 

WiUon,  Mich 

Wilson,  Minn 

Wilson,  Mo 

Wilson,  Mo 

Wilson,  Mo 

Wilson,  Mo 

Wilson,  Mo 

Wilson,  Mo 

Wilson,  Neb 

Wilson,  N.Y 

Wilson,  N.Y 

Wilson,  N.C 

Wilson,  N.C 

Wilson,  0 

Wilson,  Utah 

Wilson,  Wis 

Wilson,  Wis 

Wilson,  Wis 

Wilson  Creek,  Va 

Wilson's  Mills,  N.C 


Bank  of 
place. 


precinct 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

precinct 

civil-dist 

|)OSt'tWp 

IKJSt-prect 

township 

township 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post-prect 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

precinct 

township 

township 

post-town 

district 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-boro' 

postvill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

city 

township 

city 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-towu 

city 

city 

township 

township 

post-tow  n 

township 

post-boro' 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-prect 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

township 

post-Till 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 


County. 


Pierce 

Crook 

Dickinson.... 

ilolt 

Moniteau 

Greene 

Red  Willow., 

Trousdale 

Jasper , 

Dawson 

Redwood , 

Steele 

Brule 

Clark 

Griggs 

Douglas 

Howell 

Howell 

Garfield 

Jackson 

Umatilla 

Lafayette 

Madison 

La  Porte , 

Guernsey 


Alleghany 

Van  Wert 

Van  Wert 

Van  Zaudt 

Alleghany 

Cook 

Union 

Los  Angeles.  ... 

Los  Angeles 

New  Castle 

Will 

Will 

De  Kalb 

Wabaunsee 

Middlesex 

Houston , 

Essex , 

New  Hanover... 

Clinton 

Lawrence , 

Mercer 

Windham 

Nobles , 

Cambria 

Banks 

Merrimack , 

Bradford , 

Kenosha , 

Herkimer 

Jefferson 

Escambia 

Lamar 

Faulkner 

Pope , 

Yell 

Hall 

Jackson 

Walker 

Owyhee.. 

De  Witt 

Osceola 

Ellsworth 

Ellsworth 

Lane 

Marion 

Rice 

Christian 

East  Feliciana. 

Apena 

Charlevoix 

Kalkaska 

Winona 

Adair 

Audrain 

Gentry 

Greene 

Grundy 

Putnam 

Colfax 

Niagara 

Niagara 

Wilson 

Wilson 

Clinton 

Weber 

Dunn 

St.  Croix 

Sheboygan 

Grayson 

Johnston 


Population. 


2,:t25 


602 
1,806 


1,374 
672 


272 

i'.dsg 


865 
1,855 
1,450 
3,168 
1,963 
608 
860 


419 

6:18 

1,865 

911 

42,478 

2,781 

1,872 

2,  .^80 

1,.'569 

933 

1,047 

899 

17,a50 

2,745 

1,132 

656 

1,130 

111 

310 

629 

1,080 

1,680 

190 

271 

4,393 


319 
1,466 
676 
8S9 
816 
885 


666 

160 

1,066 

458 


640 


868 


775 

361 

151 

1,066 

1,301 

2,869 

1,501 

1,110 

941 

791 

497 

.%234 

662 

3,972 

1,475 

1,159 

344 


442 
1,210 
4,685 


448 

142 

589 

175 

2,392 

629 

2,  .588 

627 

2,2.58 

471 

293 

106 

187 

240 

98 

1,223 

2,787 

1,535 

247 

383 

261 

931 

3;i6 

887 

1,627 

1,568 

.3,625 

2,286 

666 

1,025 

419 

1,458 

758 

2,360 

687 

61,431 

2,293 

1,676 

3,868 

1,228 

1,213 

1,087 

678 

20,056 

3,079 

1,008 

.503 

1,106 

329 

350 

693 

840 

1,611 

188 

373 

4,522 

4H2 

784 

664 

1,348 

986 

995 

1,125 

1,036 

98 

612 

2<i8 

1,328 

770 

168 

851 

487 

961 

281 

996 

676 

148 

1,013 

1,.342 

2,963 

1.326 

1,129 

1,157 

865 

715 

2,978 

683 

4,903 

2,126 

1,059 

493 

481 

393 

1,044 

6,508 

904 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Wilsonvllle,  Ala 

Wilsonville,  Neb 

Wilton,  Conn 

Wilton,  111 

Wilton,  Iowa 

Wilton,  Me 

Wilton,  Minn 

Wilton,  N.H 

Wilton,  N.Y 

Wilton,  S.D 

Wilton,  Wis 

Wilton  Junction,  Iowa 

Winamac,  Ind. 

Wincliendon,  Mass 

Winchester,  Cal 

Winchester,  Conn 

Winchester,  111 

Winchester,  Ind 

Winchester,  Kan 

Winchester,  Ky 

Winchester,  Ky 

Winchester,  Mass 

Winchester,  Minn 

Winchester,  N.H 

Winchester.  0 

Winchester,  0 

Winchester,  Tenn 

Winchester,  Va 

Winchester,  Wis 

Windermere,  Minn 

Windfall,  Ind 

Windham,  Conn 

Windham,  Me 

Windham,  N.H 

Windham,  N.Y 

Windham,  0 

Windham,  Pa 

Windham,  Pa 

Windham,  Vt 

Windham  Bay,  Alaska 

Windom,  Kan 

Windoni,  Minn 

Windom,  Minn 

Windom  Springs,  Ala... 

Windsor,  Conn. 

Windsor,  III 

Win'lsor,Ill 

Windsor,  Iowa 

Windsor,  Kan 

Windsor,  Me 

Windsor,  Mass 

Windsor,  Mich 

Windsor,  Minn 

Windsor,  Mo 

Windsor,  Mo 

Windsor,  N.H 

Windsor,  N.Y 

Windsor,  N.Y 

Windsor,  N.C 

Windsor,  N.C 

Windsor,  O 

Windsor,  0 

Windsor,  0 

Windsor,  Pa 

Windsor,  Pa 

Windsor,  8.0 

Windsor,  Vt 

Windsor,  Vt 

Windsor,  Va 

Windsor,  Wis 

Windsor  Locks,  Conn... 
Windsor  Terrace,  N.Y.. 

Wine  Hill,  III 

Winfield,  Ala 

Winfield,  Ga 

Winfleld,  III 

Winfield,  lud 

Winfield,  Iowa 

Winfield,  Iowa 

Winfield,  Kan 

Winfield,  Kan 

Winfield,  Mich 

Winfield,  Minn 

Winfield,  N.Y 

Winfield,  N.Y 

Winfield,  Pa 

Winfield,  W.Va 

Winfield,  W.Va 

Winfield,  Wis 

Winfred,  S.D 

Winger,  Minn 

Wingfield,  Kan 

Wingham  Island,  Alas 

Wingo,  Ky 

Wingo,  Ky 

Wing  River,  Minn. 


Rank  of 
place. 


poBt-prect 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

village 

post-town 

city 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

post-twp 

ix)st-twp 

township 

post-town 

hamlet 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

city 

township 

township 

ix)st-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-town 

village 

post-prect 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

village 

township 

mag.-dist 

poet- vi  II 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

village 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

township 


County. 


Shelby 

Furnas 

Fairfield 

Will 

Muscatine 

Franklin 

Waseca 

Hillsborough., 

Saratoga 

McPherson.... 

Monroe 

Muscatine 

Pulaski 

Worcester 

San  Diego 

Litchfield 

Scott 

Randolph 

Jefferson 

Clark 

Clark 

Middlesex 

Norman 

Cheshire 

Adams 

Preble 

Fianklin 

Frederick 

Winnebago.... 

Pine 

Tipton  

Windham 

Cuml)erland... 
Rockingham  . 

Greene 

Portage 

Bradford 

Ws'oming 

Windham 


McPherson 

Cottonwood 

Mower 

Tuscaloosa 

Hartford 

Shelby 

Shelby 

Fayette 

Cowley 

Kennebec 

Berkshire 

Eaton 

Traverse 

Henry 

Henry 

Hillsborough... 

Broome 

Broome 

Bertie 

Bertie 

Ashtabula 

Lawrence 

Morgan 

Berks 

York 

Aiken 

Windsor 

Windsor 

Isle  of  Wight.. 

Dane 

Hartfoi-d 

Kings 

Randolph 

Marion 

Greene 

Du  Page 

Lake 

Henry 

Scott 

Cowley 

Osborne 

Montcalm. 

Renville 

Herkimer. 

Queens 

Butler 

Marion 

Putnam 

Sauk 

Lake 

Polk 

Geary 


Graves...- 
Graves.... 
Wadena... 


Population. 


1,265 
282 
1,864 
1,134 
2,547 
1,739 
767 
1,747 
1,118 


1,099 

1,431 

835 

3,722 


5,142 

1,626 

1,958 

413 

1,260 
2,277 
3,802 


2,444 
1,464 
602 
1,039 
4,958 
1,176 


670 
8,264 
2,312 

695 
1,461 
1,029 
1,160 

838 

636 


443 

737 

794 

3,058 

1,954 

768 

922 

1,028 

1,079 

644 

1,748 


1,900 

872 

65 

3,286 


4,685 

401 

9|->4 

2,2-29 

2,392 

850 

2,154 

1,462 

2,175 

1,696 

2,968 

1,210 

2,332 


881 


979 

2,428 

544 


997 
2,844 
845 
789 
149 
1,697 


1,092 

1,.'>61 

305 

773 


2,376 
212 
177 

287 


1,706 

637 

1,722 

987 

2,007 

1,622 

743 

1,860 

1,116 

170 

1086 

1,212 

1,216 

4,390 

365 

6,183 

1,542 

3,014 

429 

3,966 

4,619 

4,861 

236 

2,684 

1,488 

380 

1,313 

6,196 

1,030 

472 

661 

10,032 

2,216 

632 

1,603 

975 

1,020 

771 

379 

11 

166 

8:i6 

748 

496 

2,954 

1,926 

888 

1,033 

1,063 

853 

"612 

1,718 

121 

2,383 

1,42T 

62 

3,035 

624 

4,643 

622 

971 

2,219 

2,327 

686 

2,372 

2,027 

1,846 

1,384 

3,440 

1,329 

2,758 

1,645 

795 

1,205 

665 

2,786 

683 

461 

903 

5,184 

323 

1,137 

452 

1,025 

819 

1,087 

2,191 

302 

793 

369 

699 

4:H 

160 

3,022 

451 

S8S 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  uf  place  and 
Mate. 


WtngTille,  Ore.™ 

WliiKvllle.Wl* 

Mli.tmll,  Vt 

Wiulock.  \Va«li 

Wluii,  Me 

>ViiinftbHgu,  III — ... 

\Vliiiiebago,  III 

M'innebugu,  Mlnu 

Vliinebago,  Neb 

^Vliinebago  City,  Minn. 
VTiiinebogo  City,  Minn. 

M^lnnecoiine,  Wig 

Vlniiecoune,  Wi»_ 

Winiiemucca,  Nev 

■Uinnetka,  111 

^Viiiiislwroiigh,  S.C 

'Winnsboroiigh,  Tex 

Winona,  Ark. 

Winona,  Kan 

Winona,  Minn 

Winona,  Minu 

Winona,  Miss 

Winona,  Miss 

Winona,  Mo 

Winona,  Mo 

Winona,  N.D 

Winooski,  Vt 

Wiuside,  Neb 

Winslett,  Ga 

Winslow,  Ariz 

Winsluw,  Ark 

Winslow,  III 

Winslow,  111 

Winslow,  Me 

AVinslow,  NJ 

Winslow,  Pa 

Winsor,  Mich 

Winsor,  S.D 

Winsted,  Conn 

Winsted,  Minn 

Winsted,  Minu 

Winston,  Mo 

Winston,  N.C. 

Winston,  N.C 

Winter,  Cal 

Winter  Creek,  Neb 

Winterfleld,  Mich 

AVinter  Park,  Fla 

Winterport,  Me 

Winterset,  Kan 

Winterstown,  Pa 

Winthrop,  Iowa 

Winthrop,  Me 

Winthrop,  Mass 

Winthrop,  Minn 

Wiiilhrop,  Mo 

Winton,  N.C 

Winton,  N.C 

Winton,  Pa 

Wiota,  Iowa 

Wiota,  Wis 

Wiota,  Wii» 

Wiscasset,  Me 

Wisconsin,  Minn 

WIscov,  Minn 

Wise,  Mich 

Wise,  SC 

Wiser,  N.D 

Wishart,  N.C 

Wisner,  Iowa. 

Wisner,  Mich 

Wisner,  Neb 

Wisner,  Neb 

Withee,  Wis 

Withers,  Ga 

Withlacoochee,  Fla 

Witt,  111 

Wittenberg,  Mo 

Wittent)erg,  N.C 

Wittenberg,  Wis 

Wittenberg,  Wis 

Witiich,  Ark 

Wittsburg,  Ark 

Witt's  Foundry,  Tenn.. 

Wobnrn,  Mass 

Wokti  1  ehoghamute, 

Alaska 

Wolcott,  Col 

Wolcott,  Conn 

Wolcott,  Ind 

Wolcott,  Minn 

Wolcott,  N.Y 

Wolcott,  N.Y 

Wolcott,  Vt 

Wolf,  Ala 

Wolf,  JicCoL 

238 


Bank  of 
place. 


precinct 

township 

township 

post-prect 

l>ost-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-prect 

township 

post-Till 

post-twp 

village 

post-town 

post-vill 

city 

poet-town 

township 

post-twp 

township 

city 

beat 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

iuil.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

\xmt  twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

precinct 

l)08t-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post  boro' 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

postl)oro' 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

precinct 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

civil-dist 

city 

hamlet 

post-prect 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 


County. 


Baker 

Grant 

Bennington 

Lewis 

Penobscot 

Winnebago 

Winnebago 

Houston 

Thurston 

Faribault 

Faribault 

Wlunel>ago 

Winnebago 

Humboldt 

Cook 

Fairfield 

Wood 

Carroll 

Logan 

Winona 

Winona. 

Montgomery ... 
Montgomery ... 

Shannon 

Shannon 

Emmons 

Chittenden 

Wayne 

Greene 

Apache 

Washington 

Stephenson 

Stephenson 

Kennebec 

Camden 

JeiTerson 

Huron 

Brookings 

Litchfield 

McLeod 

McLeod 

Daviess 

Forsyth 

Forsyth 

Yolo 

Scott's  Bluff..... 

Clare 

Orange 

Waldo 

Russell 

York 

Buchanan 

Kennebec 

Snffolk 

Sibley 

Buchanan 

Hertford 

Hertford 

Lackawanna.... 

Cass 

Lafayette 

Lafayette 

Lincoln 

Jackson 

Winona 

Isaliella 

Edgefield 

Cass 

Kobeson 

Franklin 

Tuscola 

Cuming 

Cuming 

Clark 

Clinch 

Madison 

Montgomery ... 

Perry 

Alexander 

Shawano 

Shawano 

Franklin 

Cross 

Hamblen 

Middlesex 


EHgle 

New  Haven., 

White 

Rice 

Wayne , 

Wayne 

Lamoille 

Morgan 

Arapahoe 


Population. 


187 

1,178 

TZ'i 


1,480 
604 
854 


479 
99:i 
932 
978 
763 
684 
1,600 


692 
10,208 
4,496 
1,204 


2,833 

""m'z 


1,004 
3:J0 
1,467 
2,158 
1,904 


4,195 
1,211 
140 
304 
4,470 
2,854 
1, 


273 


2,260 


199 

320 

2,146 

1,043 


1,164 

2,676 
253 
905 
110 

1,687 
143 

1,847 
157 
761 
368 

2,830 


710 
326 
"28'2 


634 
1,095 

129 
1,154 


601 
209 


10,931 


493 

239 

825 

3,731 


1,166 


252 

1,380 
62:1 
877 
936 

1,422 
464 
842 

1,121 
486 

1,108 
698 

1,086 

l,o;n 

1,079 

1,738 

388 

414 

621 

275 

18,208 

5,482 

],(>48 

1,918 

002 

78 

3,659 

130 

625 

36:s 

9.59 

924 

3:12 

1,814 

2,408 

3,493 

1,279 

258 

4,846 

1,251 

267 

470 

11,399 

8,018 

1,158 

131 

365 

270 

1,9J6 

201 

209 

370 

2,111 

2,726 

438 

496 

3,230 

419 

1,797 

168 

1,627 

119 

1,73:J 

270 

611 

826 

3,026 

2i5 

912 

310 

472 

1,010 

610 

950 

93 

857 

1,057 

133 

1,394 

1,:«4 

726 

1,208 

21 

951 

13,499 

19 
81 

622 

246 
1,028 
3,216 

902 
1,158 

485 
6,623 


Name  of  place  ond 
state. 


Wolf,  Miss 

Wolf,  Pa 

Wolf.  Tenn 

Wolfb.>rout:h,  N.H 

Wolf  Creek,  Ark 

Wolft-'reuk,  luwa 

WoIfCreek,  4c.,  Ky.... 

WolfCreek,  Neb 

Wolf  Creek,  Ore 

Wolf  Creek,  Pa 

WolfCreek,  W.  Va 

Wolfe  City,  Tex 

Wolf  Island,  Mo 

Wolf  Pen,  Ga 

Wolfplt,  Ga 

Wolf  Pit,  N.C 

Wolf  River,  Kan 

Wolf  Kiver,  Wis 

Wolfskin,  Ga 

Wolfsirape,  N.C 

Wolf  Spring,  Ala 

Wol^ey.  S.D 

Wulvbi'ine,  Mich 

Womiick  Hill,  Ala. 

Wouielsdorf,  Pa 

Wonewoc,  Wis 

Wonow(x:,  Wis 

Wwd,  Ind 

Wood,  Mo 

Wood,  Wis 

Woodbine,  111 

Woodbine,  Iowa 

Woodbine,  Ky 

Woodbridge,  Cal 

Woodbridge,  (!onn 

Woodbridjio,  Mich 

Woodbridge,  N.J 

Woodburn,  HI 

Woodburn,  Iowa 

Woodburn,  Ky 

Woodburn,  Ore 

Woodburn,  Ore 

Woodbury,  Conn 

Woodbury,  Ga 

Woodbury,  Ga 

Woodbury,  III 

Woodbury,  Iowa 

Woodbury,  Ky 

Woodl>ury,  Minn 

Woodbury,  N.J 

Woodbury,  N.Y 

Woodbury,  Pa 

Woodbury,  Pa 

Woodliurv,  Pa 

Woodbury,  S.C , 

Woodbury,  Tenn 

Woodbury,  Vt 

Woodcock,  Pa 

Woodcock,  Pa 

Woodford,  Vt 

Woddhull,  111..  , 

Woodhull,  Mich 

Woodbull,  N.Y 

Woodington,  N.C 

Wo  d  Lake,  Minn 

Wood  I.ake,  Neb 

Wood  Lake,  Wis , 

Woodland,  Cal 

Woodland,  Cal 

Woodland,  Del 

Woo<lland,  111 

Woodland,  III 

Woodland,  Iowa 

Wo(.)dlaiid,  Me 

Woo<lland,  Mich 

Woodland,  Minn 

Woodland,  N.J 

Woodland,  N.C 

Woodland,  S.D 

Woodland,  Utah 

Woodland,  Wis 

Woodland  Mills,  Tenn 
Woodland  Park,  Col.... 

Woodlawn,  Ala 

W(X>dlawn,  Ala 

Woodlawn,  Mo 

Woodlawn,  N.D 

Woodman,  Wis 

Wood  River,  III 

Wood  River,  Neb 

Wood  River,  Neb 

Wood  River,  Neb 

Wood  River,  Neb 

Wiiod  River,  Ore 

Woodrun,  s.r 

Woodruff,  Utah 


Bitnk  of 
place. 


township 

township 

civil-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dlst 

precinct 

post-prect 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-town 

post-twp 

mil.-dist 

mll.-dist 

township 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

township 

precinct 

post-twp 

(MJSt-ViU 

post  vill 

post-boro' 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

mag.-diitt 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

township 

township 

|)ost-vill 

township 

city 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post-town 

township 

townihip 

post-twp 

township 

poft-twp 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-prect 

township 

civil-dist 

post-prect 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

townsliip 

pc«t-vill 

precinct 

township 

post-prect 


County. 


Harrison 

Lycoming„ 

Uidcol 

Carroll........... 

Pike 

Woodbury...„.. 

Meade 

Sheridan 

Josephine 

Mercer 

Monroe 

Hunt 

MisKissippl 

Bartow 

Franklin 

Richmond....... 

Doniphan 

Winnebago 

Oglethorpe 

Duplin 

Lawrence 

Beadle 

Cheboygan 

Clioctaw 

Berks 

Juneau 

Juneau 

Clarke 

Wright 

Wood 

Jo  Daviess 

Harrison 

Whitley 

San  Joaquin... 
New  Haven..... 

Hillsdale 

Middlesex 

Macoupin 

Clarke 

Warren 

Marion 

Marion 

Litchfield 

Meriwether... 
Meriwether.... 
Cumberland... 

Woodbury 

Butler 

Washington... 

Gloucester 

Orange 

Bedford 

Bedford 

Blair 

Marion 

Cannon 

Washington... 

Crawford 

Crawford 

Bennington... 

Henry 

Shiawassee 

Steuben 

Lenoir 

Yellow  Med... 

Cherry 

Burnett 

Yolo 

Yolo 

Sussex 

Carroll 

Fulton 

Decatur 

Aroostook 

Barry 

Wright. 

Burlington 

Northampton. 

Clark 

Summit 

Sauk 

Obion 

El  Paso 

Dallas 

Jefferson 

Monroe 

Kidder 

Grant 

Madison 

Custer , 

Dawson , 

Hall 

Hall 

Klamath 

S|>artanburg... 
Bicb 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP  1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Woodruff  Place,  Ind.... 

Woudruflfs.S.C 

Woods,  Minn 

Wood8l)orough,  Md 

Woodsdale,  Kan 

Woodsdale,  Kan 

Woodsdale,  N.C 

Woodsfleld,  0 

Woodside,  111 

Woodside,  Minn 

AVoodside,  Minn 

Woodside,  Mo 

Woodside,  N.Y 

Woodson,  Aik 

Woodson,  III 

Woodson,  Neb 

Wood  Station,  Ga 

Woodstock,  Conn 

Woodstock,  Ga 

Woodstock,  Ga 

Woodstock,  III 

Woodstock,  111 

Woodstock,  Me 

Woodstock,  Md 

Woodstock,  Mich 

Woodstock,  N.H 

Woodstock,  N.Y 

Woodstock,  0 

Woodstock,  Vt 

Woodstock,  Vt 

Woodstock,  Va 

Woodstown,  N..T 

Woodsville,  Md 

Woodville,  Ala 

Woodville,  Ga 

Woodville,  111 

Woodville,  Ky 

Woodville,  Minn 

Woodville,  Miss 

Woodville,  Mont 

Woodville,  Neb 

Woodville,  N.C 

Woodville,  0 

Woodville,  Ore 

Woodville,  Tex 

Woodville,  Wis 

Woodward,  Ala 

Woodward,  Iowa 

Woodward,  N.D 

Woodward,  Pa 

Woodward,  Pa 

Woodward,  Pa 

Woodward,  S.O 

Woodworth  Mills,  Tex 

Woody,  Col 

Woolery,  Md 

Woolstock,  Iowa 

Woolwich,  Me 

Woolwich,  N..T 

Woonsocket,  B.I 

Woonsocket,  S.D 

Woonsocket,  S.D 

Wooster,  0 

Wooster,  0 

Woosung,  III 

Wootau  Wells,  Tex 

Wooten,  Ga 

Worcester,  Mass 

Worcester,  N.Y 

Worcester,  Pa 

Worcester,  Vt 

Worcester,  Wis 

Worden,  III 

Wormlevsburg,  Pa 

Worth,  ill 

Worth,  III 

Worth,  Ind 

Worth,  Iowa 

Worth,  Mich 

Worth,  N.Y 

Worth,  Pa 

Worth,  Pa 

Worth,  Pa 

Wortham,  Tex 

Worlhen,  Ark 

Worthen,  S.D 

Worthington,  Ind 

Worthington,  Mass 

Worthington,  Minn.... 
Worthington,  Minn.... 

Worthington,  0 

Worthington,  0 

Worthington,  Pa 

Worthville,  Ky 

Worthville.  Ky 

Worthville,  N.C 


Bank  of 
place. 


township 

post-vill 

township 

district 

township 

post-hmit 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-prect 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

city 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-town 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-bo  ro' 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

mil.-dist 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-town 

post-prect 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

post-prect 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

township 

precinct 

district 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-twp 

post-town 

mil.-dist 

city 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-boro' 

mag.-dist 

post-vill 

post-town 


County. 


Marlon 

Spartanburg 

Chippewa 

Frederick 

Stevens 

Stevens 

Person 

Monroe 

Sangamon 

Otter  Tail 

Polk 

Oregon 

Queens 

Saline 

Morgan 

Perkins 

Catoosa 

Windham 

Cherokee 

Oglethorpe 

McHenry... 

Schuyler 

Oxford 

Howard 

Lenawee 

Grafton 

Ulster 

Champaign 

Windsor..... 

Windsor 

Shenandoah 

Salem 

Frederick 

Jackson 

Greene 

Greene 

McCrackin 

Waseca 

Wilkinson 

Jefferson 

Platte 

Bertie 

Sandusky 

Jackson 

Tyler 

Calumet 

Jefferson 

Dallas 

Wells 

Clearfield 

Clinton 

Lycoming 

Fairfield 

Cass 

Pitkin 

Carroll 

Wright 

Sagadahoc 

Gloucester 

Providence 

Sanborn 

Sanborn 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Ogle 

Bobertson 

Coffee 

Worcester 

Otsego 

Montgomery.... 

Washington 

Price 

Madison 

Cumberland 

Cook 

Woodford 

Boone 

Boone 

Sanilac 

Jetferson 

Butler 

Centre 

Mercer 

Freestone 

Pulaski 

Hanson 

Greene 

Hampshire 

Nobles 

Nobles 

Franklin 

Richland 

Armstrong 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Bandolph 


Population. 


20 
254 


2,305 


1,376 
861 

1,636 
319 


424 

500 
452 
868 


370 
2,639 
1,080 

],a55 

1,475 

1,381 

952 


3G7 
1,968 

383 
2,815 
1,266 
1,000 

490 
1,126 


1,096 


2,400 
641 
965 


2,111 
1,662 


1,513 


5,106 
1,099 

785 


2,743 

434 

1,154 

1,974 
16,050 


7,001 
5,840 


570 

58,291 

2,513 

1,641 

802 

277 

384 

297 

2,180 

1,172 

1,425 

707 

1,554 

951 

1,076 

809 

1,094 

245 


1,185 
768 
1S2 
636 
4.'>9 

2,060 
186 
734 
124 


161 

380 

90 

2,492 

189 

68 

1,503 

1,031 

2,356 

329 

351 

735 

710 

647 

1,324 

399 

419 

2,309 

1,189 

870 

1,085 

1,175 

859 

208 

1,4:14 
341 

1,628 
310 

2,545 

1,218 

1,068 
556 

1,252 
819 

1,395 

1,228 

2,611 
620 
950 
133 
639 

1,738 

1,636 
189 
518 

1,427 

795 

328 

70 

5,696 

1,063 
817 
390 
207 
307 

2,750 
758 

1,007 

2,0;i5 

20,830 

948 

687 

7,101 

5,901 
506 
268 

1,255 
84,656 

2,741 

1,517 
725 

1,582 
522 
555 

3,406 
926 

1,166 
e:ii 

1,284 
905 
939 
840 
987 
401 
967 
201 

1,448 
714 
2S9 

1,104 
341 

1,941 
246 
673 
203 
328 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


Worthville,  Pa 

Worton,  Md 

Wounded  Knee,  Neb. 

Wrangel,  Alaska 

Wrangel  Bay,  Alaska... 

Wray,  Col 

Wray,  Col 

Wren,  Ore 

Wreutham,  Mass 

Wright,  Ala 

Wright,  Ga 

Wright,  III 

Wright,  III 

Wright,  Ind 

Wright,  Iowa 

Wright,  Iowa 

Wright,  Mich 

Wright,  Mich 

Wright,  Minn 

Wright,  Neb 

Wright,  Neb 

Wright,  N.Y 

Wright,  N.D 

Wright,  Pa 

Wright  City,  Mo 

Wrightsborough,  Ga.... 

Wrightstown,  Pa...i 

Wrightstown,  Wis 

Wrightstown,  Wis 

Wrightsville,  Ga 

Wrightsville,  Ga 

Wrightsville,  Pa 

Wurtsborough,  N.Y 

Wyaconda,  Mo 

Wyacondah,  Iowa 

Wyalusing,  Pa 

Wyalusing,  Pa 

Wyalusing,  Wis 

Wyandotte,  Cal 

Wyandotte,  Kan 

Wyandotte,  Mich 

Wyandotte,  Minn 

Wyanet,  III 

Wyanet,  III 

Wyanett,  Minn 

Wyard,  N.D 

Wyatt,  Ga 

Wyatt,  Ga 

Wych,  Ga 

Wykeham,  Minn 

Wykoff,  Minn 

Wylie,  Tex 

Wymore,  Neb 

Wymore,  Neb 

Wynne,  Ark 

Wynne,  Ark 

Wynooche,  Wash 

Wyocena,  Wis 

Wyoming,  Del 

Wyoming,  III 

Wyoming,  III 

Wyoming,  Iowa 

Wyoming,  Iowa 

Wyoming,  Ky 

Wyoming,  Ky 

Wyoming,  Mich 

Wyoming,  Minn 

Wyoming,  Neb 

Wyoming,  Neb 

Wyoming,  N.Y 

Wyoming,  0 

Wyoming,  Pa 

Wyoming,  Wis 

Wysox,  III 

Wysox,  Pa 

Wythe,  III 

Wythe,  Va 

Wytheville,  Va 

Wytheville,  Va 

Xenia,  III 

Xenia,  III 

Xenia,  Ind 

Xenia,  0 

Xenia,  0 

Yadkin,  N.C 

Yadkin  College,  N.C... 

Yadkin  Valley,  N.C 

Yadkinville,  N.C 

Yahoola,  Ga 

Yakima,  Wash 

Yakutat,  Alaska 

Yale,  Mich 

Yale,  Neb 

Yallaha,  Fla 

Yallaha,  Fla 

Yamacittw,  Miss 


Bank  of 
place. 


post-boro' 

district 

precinct 

village 

hamlet 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-prect 

lx)st-town 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

precinct 

post  twp 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

township 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

township 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

mil.-dist 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-twp 

post-town 

township 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

post-vill 

township 

post-twp 

township 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

post-twp 

township 

post-twp 

township 

mag.-dist 

mag.-dist 

po8t-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

post-twp 

post-twp 

post-vill 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

village 

post-vill 

|)Ost-twp 

precinct 

post-vill 

beat 


County. 


JefferBon.. 

Kent 

Sheridan., 


Yuma , 

Yuma , 

Benton 

Norfolk , 

Henry , 

Camden , 

Greene 

Morgan 

Greene , 

Pottawattamie 

Wayne 

Hillsdale 

Ottawa 

Marshall 

Banner. 

Boxbutte 

Schoharie 

Dickey 

Luzerne 

Warren 

McDuffie 

Bucks 

Brown 

Brown 

Johnson 

Johnson 

York 

Sullivan 

Clark 

Davis 

Bradford 

Bradford 

Grant 

Butte 

Wyandotte. 

Wayne 

Polk 

Bureau 

Bureau 

Isanti 

Foster 

Jasper 

Newton 

Elbert 

Todd 

Fillmore 

Collin 


Gage 

Cross 

Cross 

Chehalis 

Columbia 

Kent 

Lee 

Stark 

Jones 

Jones 

Bath 

Bath 

Kent 

Chisago 

Holt 

Otoe 

Wyoming 

Hamilton 

Luzerne 

Iowa 

Carroll , 

Bradford 

Hancock 

Elizabeth  City. 

Wythe 

Wythe 

Clay 

Clay 

Miami 

Greene 

Greene 

Stokes 

Davidson 

Caldwell 

Yadkin 

Lumpkin 

Yakima 


Saint  Clair. 

Valley 

Lake 

Lake 

Hancock .... 


Population. 


1880.     1890. 


174 
2,631 


2,481 
990 


1,807 
1,.5;H 
080 
1,061 
2,134 
1,922 


1.591 


880 

303 
1,74(: 

773 
2,190 

450 
1,904 

272 
1,776 

5.38 
1,021 
1,241 
1,581 


719 


2,976 
3,631 


1,800 
737 
369 


579 
594 
1,077 
84 
271 


1,228 

363 
1,455 
1,080 
1,888 

729 
2,034 

105 
2,117 

450 


801 

387 

840 

1,147 

736 

1,273 

1,406 

1,135 

4,025 

3,924 

1, 

1,418 

898 

732 

10,381 

7,026 

2,507 

465 

851 

129 

471 

267 


599 

289 


178 

2,651 

324 

316 

62 

56« 

125 

296 

2,.566 

797 

1,122 

989 

1,812 

1,500 

700 

9:» 

2,246 

1,011 

208 

31S 

563 

1,295 

96 

152 

383 

1,428 

838 

2,109 

476 

1,370 

910 

1,912 

490 

1,221 

1,172 

1,273 

438 

7S6 

804 

2,2U 

3,817 

204 

1,510 

670 

650 

68 

854 

636 

999 

652 

335 

239 

2,759 

2,420 

1,9.32 

565 

125 

l,3a3 

497 

1,455 

1,116 

865 

704 

1,798 

97 

3,234 

580 

185 

735 

625 

1,454 

1,794 

629 

1,352 

1,249 

975 

3,840 

4,989 

2,570 

1,314 

878 

921 

10,612 

7,301 

3,049 

488' 

994 

17S 

504 

196 

308 

937 

236 

376 

101 

1,069 


CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  OTHER  MINOR  CIVIL  DIVISIONS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1880  AND   1890  COMPARED. 


Xame  of  pUc«  and 
•tate. 


Tnnp*,  ftc.Col 

Tanceyrille,  N.C..,., 

Y«DceyvlIle,  N.C 

Yankw,  Nel. 

Yanked  Hill,  Nel>..... 
Yankee  Spring,  Micb... 

Yankton.  8.0 

Yaphank,  N.Y 

Ya<)uliiH,  Ore. 

Yai-dley,  Pa 

Yarmouth,  Ble 

Yarmouth,  Mass 

Yarrelton,  Tex 

Yates,  111 

Yates,  Kao 

Yates,  Ky 

Yates,  Mich 

Yates,  N.Y 

Yates  Center,  Kan 

Yates  City,  111 

Yatesville,  111 

Yatesville,  Pa 

Yatesville,  Pa 

Yazoo  City,  Miss 

Yekook,  Alaxka 

Yell,  Ark 

Yell,  Iowa 

Yell,  Iowa. 

Yellow  Bunk,  Minn 

Yellow  Creek,  Ga 

Yellow  Creek,  Ky 

Yellow  Creek,  Mo 

Yellow  Creek,  Mo 

Yellow  Creek,  N.C 

Yellow  Creek,  0 

Yellow  Head,  111  

Yellow  Jacket,  Idaho... 

Yellow  Leaf,  Ala 

Yellow  River,  Fla 

Yellow  Springs,  Iowa... 

Yellow  Springs  0 

Yellowstone    National 

Park.  Wyo 

Yellville.  Ark 

Yelvington,  Ky 

Yemassee,  S.C 

Yess  Bay,  Alaska 

Yoakum,  Ore 

Yoakum,  Tex 

Yoakum,  Tex 

Yocnm,  Ark 

Yokum  Station,  Va 

Yonah,  Ga 

Yoncalla,  Ore 

Yonkers,  N.Y 

Yoppin,  N.C 

York,  Ala 

York,  Ala 

York,  Ark 

York,  111 

York,  III _.. 

York,  III 

York,  III 

York,  Ind 

York,  Ind 

York,  Ind 

York,  Ind 

York,  Ind 

York,  Ind „.. 

York,  Iowa 

York,  Iowa 

York,  Iowa 

York,  Kan 

York,  Me 

York,  Mich 

York,  Minn 

York,  Mo 

York,  Neb 

York,  N.Y 

York,  N.D 

York,  0 

York,  0 

York,  0 

York,  O 

York,  O 

York,0 

York,  0 

York,  0 


Bank  of 
place. 


precinct 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 

precinct 

poet-twp 

city 

post-vill 

post-prect 

post-vill 

post-town 

post-town 

post-town 

township 

township 

mag.-dist 

township 

post-town 

city 

post-vill 

precinct 

borough 

village 

post-town 

hamlet 

township 

townHhip 

township 

township 

mil.-dist 

mag.-dist 

township 

township 

post-twp 

township 

township 

precinct 

precinct 

precinct 

township 

post-vill 

township 

post-town 

mag.-dist 

township 

hamlet 

precinct 

post-town 

village 

post-twp 

mag.-dist 

mil.-dist 

post-prect 

city 

township 

precinct 

village 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

post-twp 

township 

city 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 


County. 


Boutt 

Caswell.- 

Caswell 

Perkins 

Lancaster 

Barry 

Yankton 

Suffolk 

Benton 

Bucks 

Cumberland.. 
Barnstable.... 

Milam 

McLean 

Wichita 

Madison 

Lake 

Orleans 

Woodson 

Knox 

Morgan 

Luzerne 

Schuylkill 

Yazoo 


Benton 

Boone 

Webster 

Lac-qui-Parle.. 

Dawson 

Bell 

Chariton 

Linn 

Graham 

Columbiana 

Kankakee 

Lemhi 

Shelby 

Walton 

Des  Moines 

Greene 


Uintah 

Marion 

Daviess 

Beaufort..... 


Umatilla. 

De  Witt 

Lavaca 

Carroll 

Lee 

White 

Douglao 

Westchester 

Chowan 

Sumter 

Sumter 

Lonoke 

Carroll 

Clark 

Clark 

Du  Page 

Benton 

Dearborn 

Elkhart. 

Noble 

Steuben 

Switzerland 

Iowa 

Pattawattamie 

Tama. 

Stafford 

York 

Washtenaw 

Fillmore , 

Putnam 

York 

Livingston 

Benson , 

Athens 

Belmont , 

Darke 

Fulton , 

Medina 

Morgan 

Sandusky 

Tuscarawas. 


Population. 


2,369 

am 


1,11 

984 

3,431 

414 

217 

820 

2,021 

2,173 


1,186 


2,524 
267 

2,020 
350 
079 

l,!i68 
416 
708 

2,642 


1,424 
42:{ 
667 
970 

1,111 
730 

1,336 


3,968 
1,607 


916 

150 

2,094 

1,377 


315 
1,934 
3,318 


413 

2,223 

72:} 

489 

18,892 

1,510 

1,292 

232 

705 

1,.521 

1,186 

271 

2,324 

717 

1,043 

1,000 

1,155 

1,021 

1,683 

811 

525 

1,149 

778 

2,463 

1,717 

962 

1,.573 

1,259 

2,482 


6,438 
1,420 
1,000 
2,572 
992 
1,112 
2,319 
1,080 


208 

1,9U8 
460 
514 

1,768 
829 

3,670 
617 
667 
813 

2,098 

1,760 
68 

1,017 
60 

2,629 
121 

1,969 

I,:i05 
687 

1,411 
414 
950 

3,286 

65 

885 

1,709 
405 
586 
880 

3,369 

1,065 

1,058 
618 

5,768 

1,545 
21 

1,101 
316 

1,885 

1,375 

467 

263 

1,739 

3,756 

85 

164 

767 

978 

7.58 

2,922 

908 

4H5 

32,088 

1,409 

1,886 

415 

815 

1,401 

1,272 

294 

2,979 

025 

814 

776 

1,039 

964 

1,605 

765 

690 

1,267 

490 

2,444 

1,906 

890 

1,673 

3,4<»5 

2,868 

148 

8,821 

1,458 

1,026 

2,629 

889 

939 

2,-366 

1,278 


Name  of  place  and 
state. 


York,  0 

York,  0 

York,  Pa. 

York,  Pa 

York,  8.D.. 

York,  8.D 

York,  Wis 

York,  Wis 

York,  Wis 

Yorkshire,  N.Y 

Yorkshire  Center,  N.Y 

York  Springs,  Pa 

Yorktown,  HI 

Yorktown,  N.Y 

Yorktown.  N.D 

Yorktown,  S.C 

Yorktown,  Tex 

Yorktown,  Va 

Yorkville,  Ala 

Yorkville.Ill 

Yorkville,  Pa 

Yorkville,  S.C...  

Yorkville,  Tenn 

Yorkville,  Wis 

Yosemite,  Ky 

Young,  Ark 

Young,  Ark 

Young,  Pa 

Young,  Pa 

Young  America,  III 

Young  America,  Minn. 
Young  America,  Minn. 
Young  Hickory,  111. 
Young  River,  Ore.... 

Youngs,  Ga 

Youngs,  S.C 

Youngstown,  N.Y... 

Youngstown,  0 , 

Youngstown,  0 

Youngstown,  Pa 

Youngsville,  N.C 

Youngsville,  Pa 

Yount,  Cal , 

Yountville,  Cal , 

Ypsilanti,  Mich , 

Y|)8ilantl,  Mich 

Yreka,  Cal 

Yreka,  Cal 

Ysleta,  Tex 

Yuba,  Cal 

Yuba  City,  Cal 

Yucatan,  Minn 

Yukokakat,  Alaska.. 

Yuma,  Ariz 

Yuma,  Cal 

Yuma,  Col 

Yuma,  Col 

Yotan,  Neb 

Zaleski,  0 

Kana,  Ala 

Zane,  0 

Zanesfield,  O 

Zanesville,  III 

Zanesville,  0 

Zeandale,  Kan 

Zearing,  Iowa 

Zebulon,  Ga 

Zebulon,  Ga 

Zeeland,  Mich 

Zeeland,  Mich 

Zelienople,  Pa 

Zell,  S.l) 

Zerbe,  Pa 

Zero,  Neb 

Zia,  N.M 

Zif,  III 

Zilwaukee,  Mich 

Zion,  Ala 

Zion,  S.C 

Zion,  Va 

Zions,  Minn 

Zionsville,  Ind 

Zolfo,  Fla 

Zuma,  III 

Zumbro,  Minn 

Zumlirota,  Minn 

Zumbrotn,  Minn 

Zunl,  N.M 


Bank  of 
place. 


poat-twp 

township 

township 

post-lK)ro' 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-twp 

post-vill 

post-boro' 

township 

post-town 

post-twp 

township 

post-town 

post-town 

precinct 

post-vill 

borough 

post-town 

civil-dist 

post-twp 

poet-town 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

township 

precinct 

mil.-dist 

township 

|IOSt-Vill 

township 

city 

post-boro' 

post-town 

post-boro' 

township 

post-town 

township 

city 

township 

post-vill 

post-town 

township 

post-vill 

post-twp 

hamlet 

post-town 

precinct 

precinct 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

township 

city 

post-twp 

|K)8t-town 

mil.-dist 

post-vill 

township 

post-vill 

po<t-boro' 

post-twp 

township 

township 

village 

post-twp 

post-twp 

precinct 

township 

mag.-dist 

post-twp 

post-town 

post-prect 

township 

township 

township 

post-vill 

precinct 


County. 


Union 

West 

York 

York 

Day 

Hand„ 

Clark 

Dane 

Green 

Cattaraugus ... 
Cattaraugus.... 

Adams 

Henry 

Westchester.... 

Dickey 

York 

De  Witt 

York 

Pickens 

Kendall 

Schuylkill 

York 

Gibson 

Racine 

Casey 

Boone 

Pulaski 

Indiana 

Jefferson 

Edgar 

Carver 

Carver 

Fulton 

Clatsop 

Polk 

Lawrence 

Niagara 

Mahoning 

Mahoning 

Westmoreland. 

Franklin 

Warren 

Napa 

Nai>a 

Washtena>v 

Washtenaw 

Siskiyou.  

Siskiyou , 

El  Paso 

Sutter , 

Sutter , 

Houston 


Yuma 

San  Diego 

Yuma 

Yuma 

Saunders 

Vinton 

Tallapoosa 

Logan 

Logan 

Montgomery.... 

Muskingum 

Kiley 

Story 

Pike 

Pike 

Ottawa 

Ottawa 

Butler 

Faulk 

Northumberl'd 

Adams 

Bernalillo 

Wayne 


Walker. , 

Orangeburg.. 
Greensville... 

Stearns 

Boone 

DeSoto 

Bock  Island., 

Wabasha 

Goodhue , 

Goodhue 

Valencia 


Population. 


1880.      1890. 


1,649 
l,:i64 
2,379 
13,940 


477 

983 

1,049 

1,784 

430 

378 

740 

2,481 


4,248 
430 
250 

1,116 
306 
610 

l,3:jo 

1,928 
1,532 


970 

1,.'576 

909 

1,274 

979 

151 

866 

65 

900 

2,343 

600 

21,175 

15,435 

294 

117 

606 

2,058 

250 

1,459 

4,984 

2,65C 

1,059 

1,453 

1,304 


844 


3,216 


1,176 


939 

307 

1,056 

18,113 

569 


1,041 
245 

2,715 
484 
497 


1,147 


425 
1,630 


1,572 

2,209 

661 


904 

797 


240 


VI. 
POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES 

OF  THE 

TJI^ITED    STATES. 


A  COMPARATIVE  TABLE  SHOWING  THE  POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OP 
THE  UNITED  STATES  AND  THEIR  GROWTH  OR  DECLINE  DURING 
THE  DECADE  FROM  1870  TO  1880. 

[Abbketiations.— B.  (orou^A;  c.eity;  n.hamlet;  n'SD.  hundred  ;  v.b.  pott-borough  ;  r.n.  pott-hamlet;  t.tp,  poit-tovmthip ; 

P.V.  pott-village  ;  tp.  tou»iship  ;  v.  village.~[ 

CENSUS  EETUENS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Aarongborg _...p.v, 

Aantad P-tp. 

Abbeville p.  v. 

Abbeville p.v. 

Abbeville p.T. 

Abbeville tp. 

Abbeville p.v. 

Abbot tp. 

Abbot p.v. 

Abbot tp. 

Abbott's tp. 

AbbottKburg p.v. 

Abbott's  Corners. ..p.h. 

Abbott's  Creek p.tp. 

Abbott's  Creek tp. 

Abbot  Village v. 

Aberdeen p.v. 

Aberdeen c. 


..p.v. 
..p.v. 
..p.v. 
..p.v. 
..p.v. 

.p.v. 


Aberdeen 

Abilene 

Abingdon..., 
Abiugdun.... 
Abingdon.... 
Abingdon.... 

Aldiigton tp. 

Abington tp. 

Ablngton p.v. 

Abington  ^ tp. 

Abington p.v. 

Abington p.tp, 

Ableniun p.v. 

Aboite p.tp, 

Absecom p.v. 

Academy v. 

Accident p.v. 

Ackermanville p.v. 

Ackley p.v. 

Ackley tp. 

'  Ackworth p.h. 

Aconia tp. 

Acquackanonck  '...tp. 

Acton p.h. 

Actou p.v. 

Acton p.tp, 

Acton tp. 

Acton p.v. 

Actou  '..., t.p. 

Acton p.v. 

Acushnet  < p.tp. 

Acworth p.v, 

Acworth tp. 

Acworth _.p.h, 

Ada tp. 

Ada p.v. 

Ada V. 

Ada p.v. 

Ada p.h, 

Adair p.h, 

Adair p.v. 

Adair tp. 

Adairsville p.v. 

Adairville p.v. 


Connty. 


Centre 

Otter  Tail 

Wilcox 

Vermilion 

Lafayette , 

Abbeville , 

Abbeville 

Pisoitiiquis.™,. 

Piscataquis 

Potter 

Bladen 

Bladen 

Krie , 

Davidson 

Forsyth 

Kssex 

Harford 

Monroe 

Brown 

Dickinson 

Knox 

Jefferson 

Harford 

Washington.... 

Mercer _,.. 

Wayne 

Wayne... 

Plymouth 

Plymouth 

Montgomery.., 

Sauk 

Allen 

Atlantic 

Belknap 

Garrett 

Northampton.. 

Hardin 

Lincoln 

Warren 

McLeod 

Passaic 

Pembina 

Marion 

York 

Middlesex 

Middlesex 

Meeker 

Hood 

Bristol 

Cobb 

Snllivan 

Sullivan 

Kent 

Kent 

Polk 

Hardin 

Henderson 

McDonough«.. 

Adair 

Camden 

Bartow 

Logan 


Pa 

Minn. 

Ga 

La 

Miss..,. 
S.  C... 
S.  C... 

Me 

Me 

Pa 

N.  C... 
N.  C... 
N.  Y.. 
N.  C. 
N.  C... 
Mass.. 

Md 

Miss... 
Ohio... 
Kan... 

Ill 

Iowa.. 
Md .... 

Va 

Ill 

lud.... 
lud.... 


Mass. . 

Pa 

Wis.... 
Ind.... 
N.  J.. 
N.  H... 

Md 

Pa 

Iowa. . 

Wis 

Iowa. . 
Minn,. 
N.J..., 
Dak... 

Ind 

Me , 

Mass.., 
Mass.. 
Minn.. 
Tex.... 
Mass.. 

Ga , 

N.  H.... 
N.  H..., 
Mich... 
Mich.,, 
Minn,. 
Ohio..., 
Tenn .. 

Ill 

Iowa.,. 

Mo 

Ga 

Ky 


Population, 


545 
'3,034 

""in 


534 

716 


987 
753 


2,022 
871 


1,700 


lOG 
715 
931 
833 
161 
9,308 


2,440 
"9O6 


392 
4,368 


210 
1,008 
1,593 


486 
1,132 
'i,050 
T,427 


637 
603 
214 


371 

227 

61 

2,55 

223 

3,427 

1,543 
695 
117 
623 
948 
277 
110 

1,069 
747 
244 
191 

2,:«9 
885 

2,360 

1,511 
2-'4 
177 

1,004 
909 
837 
127 

3,097 

2,112 

2,185 
163 
918 
507 
187 
114 
172 

1,517 
184 
72 
588 

1,781 
71 
306 

1,050 

1,797 
188 
726 
35 

1,105 
633 
982 
97 

1,441 
340 
138 

1,760 
33 
138 
306 
900 
391 
476 


Adams tp, 

.\dams tp. 

Adams tp, 

Adams tp, 

Adams p,v, 

Adams tp, 

Adams tp. 

Adams tp. 

Adams tp, 

Adams tp. 

Adams tp. 

Adams tp. 

Adams tp. 

Adams tp. 

Adams.,,. tp. 

Adams  ^ tp. 

Adams p.v. 

Adams tp. 

Adams tp. 

A  dams tp. 

Adams p.v. 

Adams tp. 

Adams tp, 

Adams p,v. 

Adams tp. 

Adams p.v. 

Adams tp. 

Adams tp, 

Adams tp. 

Adams tp. 

Adams tp. 

Adams tp. 

Adams tp. 

Adams tp. 

Adams tp, 

Adams p.tp. 

Adams* tp. 

Adams tp. 

Adams tp. 

Adams tp. 

Adams tp. 

Adams tp. 

Adams  Basin p.v. 

Adamsburg v. 

Adamsburg p.v. 

Adams  Centre p.v. 

Adams  Corners v. 

Adams  Bun tp. 

Adams  Run p.h. 

Adams  Station p.v. 

Adamstown p.v. 

Adamstown p.b. 

Adamsville p.v. 

Adamsville p.v. 

Adamsville p.v. 

Adamsville p.b. 

Adamsville tp, 

Adamsville p.h, 

Addieville p.h. 

Addison  p.tp. 

Addison tp. 

Addison tp. 


County. 


La  Salle , 

Carroll 

Cass 

Decatur 

Decattir 

Hamilton 

Madison , 

Morgan 

Parke 

Ripley 

Dallas 

Delaware 

Keokuk , 

Mahaska , 

Wapello , 

Berkshire 

Berkshire 

Hillsdale 

Houghton 

Mower 

Mower 

DcKalb 

Harrison 

Gage 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Champaign 

Clinton „„. 

Coshocton 

Darke 

Defiance 

Guernsey 

Lucas 

Monroe 

Muskingum..,, 

Seneca 

Washington,... 

Butler 

Cambria 

Snyder 

Adams 

Green 

Monroe ~... 

Snyder 

Westmoreland.. 

Jefferson 

Worcester 

Colleton 

Colleton 

Robertson 

Frederick 

Lancaster 

Cass 

Muskingum.,.. 

Crawford 

Newport 

Marlborough.,, 

Beaver 

Washington^,,. 

Du  Page 

Shelby 

Washington,.,. 


Ill 

Ind,,,. 
Ind„„ 
Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Ind..,, 
Iowa., 
Iowa,. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa. . 
Iowa.. 
Mass., 
Mass.,, 
Mich,,, 
Mich.,, 
Minn,, 

tliUD,, 

Mo 

Mo 

Neb 

N,  Y,... 
N,  Y,.„ 
Ohio,,,, 
Ohio.,,, 
Ohio.... 
Ohio..., 
Ohio.... 
Ohio..,, 
Ohio..., 
Ohio.,,, 
Ohio..,, 
Ohio,,,, 
Ohio,,,, 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Wis 

Wis 

N.  Y.... 

Pa. 

Pa 

N.Y 

Mass... 

S.  0 

S.  C 

Tenn... 

Md 

Pa 

Mich... 
Ohio„.. 

Pa 

R.  I 

S.C 

Utah... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Jle 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


1,662 

1,149 

807 

2,102 


2,178 

1,564 

1,207 

8,286 

2,703 

1,015 

730 

949 

835 

1,363 

12,090 


1,797 
670 
676 


8,348 

1,352 

1,238 

883 

1,113 

2,291 

1,220 

762 

959 

1,201 

727 

1,.')37 

1,786 

973 

836 


425 
1,007 


431 

104 
2S0 


1,407 
179 


1,613 
2,677 
1,201 


1,612 

1,000 

886 

2,216 

351 

2,968 

1,663 

1,252 

3,037 

2,608 

1,093 

004 

860 

940 

1,211 

6,591 

2,388 

1,855 

1,148 

971 

96 

1,163 

675 

52 

3,302 

1,250 

1,445 

921 

1,246 

2,826 

1,509 

806 

1,511 

1,317 

785 

1,624 

1,856 

1,156 

1,004 

831 

447 

930 

274 

233 

199 

403 

122 

4,409 

271 

237 

66 

701 

133 

280 

137 

118 

2,696 

192 

78 

1,961 

3,014 

1,238 


'  Blnce  1870,  parts  to  Bockland 
and  South  Abington. 


»In    1870,   Including    Passaic 

caty. 


»  In  1872,  part  to  Danielson. 
*  In  1875,  part  to  New  Bedford. 


»  In  1878,  part  to  North  Adam*. 
•  In  1877,  part  of  Union  annexed. 

241 


POPULATION  OF  TUB  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PUc«>. 


AddlaoD .^ p.T. 

Addison tp. 

AddlauD ^ tp. 

AddisuD ....p.T. 

AddisuQ T. 

Addtaon tp. 

AddiaoD p.T. 

Addison tp. 

Addition P.tp. 

AddLion II. 


County. 


..p.tp. 
,..tp. 

...p.T. 
...p.T. 

,..p.h, 

...p.T. 
,..p.h. 
...p.T. 
■..p.T. 
...p.T. 


Addi-Hun 

Adel 

Adel.- 

Adeline. 

Adelphi  _ 

Adelphi ...... 

Adena 

Adin 

Adol>fltown.. 

Adrian— 

Adrian 

Adrian.. >...tp. 

Adrian.... p.U. 

Adriao.. tp. 

Adrian.. p.T. 

Adrian.. tp. 

Adrance » p.h. 

£tna ..M tp. 

MtJM tp. 

Aflon tp. 

Alton tp. 

Afton. tp. 

Afton >...p.T. 

Alton p.tp. 

Afton tp. 

Afton p.T. 

Afton p.T. 

Afton tp. 

Afton p.T. 

Agawam p.tp. 

Agency- tp. 

Agency  i tp. 

Agency p.T. 

Agency tp. 

Agency  City p.T. 

Agne«  City p.tp, 

Ahnapee .- tp. 

Ahuapee  — p.T. 

AI p.h. 

Aid tp. 

Aiken*. tp. 

Aiken p.T. 

Aingworth p.T. 

Alrdrie. b. 

Airey's- p.T. 

Air  Unuut p.h. 

Aitkin.. tp. 

Aitkin... p.T. 

Aken tp. 

Akergville~ p.h. 

Akron  — p.tp. 

Akron 

Akron*. 

Akron— 

Akron c, 

Akron  — p.h. 

Alabama.. tp. 

Alabama.. tp. 

Alabama.. p.T. 

Alaba8ter* tp. 

Alabaster. p.T. 

Alaledon.. tp. 

Alameda p.T. 

Alameda t. 

Alamo p.T, 

▲temo tp. 

▲Imuo p.T. 

Alamosa p.T. 

Alaiithug  OruTe p.T. 

Alaiika. p-^. 

AUskH— p.T. 

Alba.. tp. 

Alba.. tp. 

Alba.. p.b. 

Alban p.tp, 

Albany p.T. 

Albany tp. 

Albany. p.T, 

Albany p.T. 


,.p.T, 

..p.tp, 

..p.T. 


Lenawee 

Oakland 

Steuben 

Steuben 

Champaign.... 

Gallia 

Gallia 

Somerset 

Addison 

Webster 

Washington... 

Dallas 

Dallas. 

Ogle 

Polk 

Boss 

Jeflerson 

Modoc 

Madison 

Hancock 

Lenawee 

Lenawee 

Nobles 

Watonwan,.... 

Senecn 

Monroe. 

Indiana. 

Mecosta 

Pipe  Stone 

Do  Kalb 

Cherokee 

Howard. 

Union 

Sedgwick.....  „ 
Washington... 
Washington.. 

Morris 

Chenango 

Chenango-.,.. 
Hampden..... 

Wapello 

Osage 

Buchanan 

Buchanan 

Wapello 

Lyon 

Kewaunee 

Kewaunee 

Fulton 

Lawrence..... 

Aiken 

Aiken 

Washington... 
Muhleuburg.. 
Dorchester.,.. 

Yalabusha 

Aitkin 

Aitkin 

Uichland 

Fulton 

Peoria. 

Fulton 

Tuscola 

Erie 

Summit 

Lancaster. 

Sacramento... 

Genesee 

Genesee 

Iosco 

Iosco 

Ingham 

Alami-da 

Bernalillo 

Montgomery,. 
Kalamaxoo.... 

Crockett. 

Con^os 

Gentry 

Morgan 

Kent.. 

Henry 

Jackson 

Bradford 

Portage 

Douglierty .... 

Whiteside 

Whiteside 

Delaware—.... 


SUte. 


Population. 


1870.     1880, 


Mich., 
Mich., 
N.Y„. 
N.Y. 

Ohio- 
Ohio. 
Ohio. 
Pa„... 

Vt , 

W.  Ya- 
wls. 
Iowa.... 
Iowa... 

Ill 

Iowa... 

Ohio 

Ohio.~. 

Cal 

Mod..., 

111. 

Mich..., 
Mich.,,, 
Minn ... 
Minn ... 
Olilo.... 

Wis 

Pa 

Mich..., 
Minn .. 

Ill 

Iowa,.., 
Iowa.... 
Iowa..., 

Kan 

Minn.,, 
Minn  .„ 
N.  J.,.., 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Mass .... 
Iowa,... 

Kan 

Mo 

Mo 

Iowa,... 
Kan.... 

Wis 

Wis...., 

Ohio 

Ohio 

S.  C 

S.  C 

Iowa.,,, 

Ky 

Md 

Miss 

Minn ,.. 
Minn ... 
Wis..... 

Pa. 

Ill 

lud 

Mich..., 

N.  Y 

Ohio..., 

Pa. 

Cal 

N.  Y..,. 

N.  Y 

Mich... 
Mich.... 
Mich... 

Cal 

N.  Mex. 

Ind 

Mich.... 
Tenn... 

Col 

Mo 

Ind 

Mich,... 

Ill 

Minn ,.. 

Pa 

Wis..... 

Ga 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 


1,063 
81218 


1,340 


l,4.'i6 
911 


1,833 

1,503 

711 


8,438 
1,451 


257 
603 


873 
263 
474 
901 


1,931 
467 
2,001 
1,223 
1,865 


630 

143 

1,544 


1,476 
2,259 


675 


1,185 


685 

444 

10,006 


336 
1,805 


1,296 

1,557 

648 


1,148 


2,101 
805 
606 


201 

975 

2,6;J4 

1,5'.»6 

372 

1,440 

79 

1,582 

847 

120 

1,774 

2,302 

989 

196 

61 

469 

45 

217 

98 

163 

7,849 

1,462 

193 

317 

211 

716 

34 

894 

72 

849 

690 

871 

1,231 

407 

928 

130 

279 

2,248 

7:i4 

2,216 

1,186 

1,809 

206 

810 

6G6 

943 

1,430 

948 

164 

1,630 

3,531 

1,817 

381 

80 

46 

49 

366 

136 

841 

19 

1,216 

193 

1,307 

1,036 

16,612 

284 

479 

1,975 

173 

266 

167 

1,474 

6,708 

670 

220 

1,218 

276 

802 

122 

37 

225 

427 

139 

189 

310 

3,216 

819 

623 

249 


PlaCA. 


Oonnty. 


Albany p.tp, 

Albany* p.tp, 

Albany. p.T. 

Albany. tp. 

Albany o. 

Albany t. 

Albany p.T. 

Albany. p.tp. 

Albany tp. 

Albany p.T. 

Albany p.tp. 

Albany tp. 

Albany p.T. 

Albany tp. 

Albee tp. 

Albemarle tp. 

Alberta „ tp. 

Albert  Lea tp. 

Albert'Lea p.T. 

Albertson p.tp. 

Albia p.T. 

Albin tp. 

Albina.. p.T. 

Albion p.T. 

Albion tp. 

Albion- p.T, 

Albion tp. 

Albion.. p.T. 

Albion.- tp, 

Albion.. tp. 

Aitdon.. p.T, 

Albion.. tp. 

Albion.. tp. 

Albion p.tp. 

Albion.. tp. 

Albion.. tp. 

Albion.. tp. 

Albion.. p.tp. 

Albion— tp. 

Albion.. p.tp. 

Albion.. tp. 

Albion.. p.b. 

Albion.. p.T. 

Albion p.tp. 

Albion  * tp. 

Albion tp. 

Albuquerque p.T. 

Alburg. p.tp. 

Alburtis p.T. 

Alcona. p.tp. 

Alcona. tp. 

Alcona. p.T, 

Alden tp. 

Alden p.T. 

Alden tp. 

Alden p.T, 

Alden tp, 

Alden p.v, 

Alden tp, 

Alden p.v. 

Alden tp. 

Alden  Centre p.h. 

Alderson p.T. 

Aldine tp. 

Aldie p.T. 

Aldrich tp. 

Aledo p.T. 

Aleppo— tp. 

Aleppo— p.tp. 

Alert p.h. 

Alexander p.T. 

Alexander p.tp, 

Alexander p.tp, 

Alexander tp. 

Alexander tp. 

Alexander p.T. 

Alexander tp. 

Alexander  City p.T. 

Alexandria. p.T. 

Alexandria p.T. 

Alexandria p.T. 

Alexandria.. tp. 

Alexandria p.T. 

Alexandria p.T. 

Alexandria' tp. 

Alexandria p.T. 

Alexandria p.T. 

Alexandria p.T. 

Alexandria p.t. 


Oxford , 

Steams 

Gentry 

Carroll 

Albany— 

Athens 

Linn 

Berks 

Bradford 

Shackelford.... 

Orleans 

Green 

Green 

Pepin 

Saginaw 

SUnley 

Benton 

Freeborn 

Freeborn 

Duplin 

Monroe 

Brown 

Multnomah.... 

Cassia 

Edwards 

Edwards 

Noble 

Noble 

Butler 

Howard 

Marshall 

Barton 

Iteuo 

Bepublic 

Kennebec 

Calhoun 

Calhoun 

Wright 

Boone 

Orleans 

Oswego 

Erie 

Providence 

Dane 

Jackson 

Trempealeau.. 
Bernalillo—.... 

Grand  Isle 

Lehigh 

Books 

Alcona 

Alcona 

McHonry 

McHenry 

Hardin 

Hardin 

Froelwrn 

Freeborn 

Erie 

Erie 

Polk 

Erie 

Monroe 

Norton 

Loudoun 

Wiidona , 

Mercer 

Alleghany 

Greene 

Decatur 

Morgan- 

Bush 

Washington-. 

Benton 

Genesee 

Genesee 

Athens 

Tallapoosa..... 

Calhoun 

Hanson 

Madison 

Leavenworth. 
Campbell...... 

Bapides 

Douglas 

Douglas 

Clarke 

Thayer -., 

Grafton -. 


SUte. 


Population. 


1870.      I88a 


Me,.. 
Minn .. 
Mo.. 
N.  H... 

N.Y 

Oliio 

Oregon. 

Pa 

Pa 

Tex 

Vt 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Mich.... 
N.  C-... 
Minn ... 
Minn .. 
Minn .. 

N.C 

luwa.... 
Minn... 
Oregon, 
Idaho .. 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa..., 
Kan.... 
Kan  .... 

Kan 

Me 

Mich.... 
Mich..., 
Minn.. 

Neb 

N.Y 

N.  Y 

Pa 

B.  I 

Wis 

Wig 

Wis 

N.  Mex. 

Vt 

Pa 

Kan 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa..,, 
Iowa.... 
Minn ... 
Minn... 

N.  y 

N.  Y 

Wis 

N.Y 

W.Va.., 

Kan 

Va 

Minn.... 

HI 

Pa 

Pa 

Ind 

HI 

Kan..  .. 

Me. 

Mo 

N.Y 

N.Y 

Ohio 

Ala 

Ala 

Dak 

Ind 

Kan 

Ky 

La 

Minn ... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

Neb 

N,  n.,.. 


651 

231 

607 

339 

69,422 

480 

1,9U2 

1.610 

1,379 


1  Since  1870,  parts  to  OUvot  and     *  In  1879,  part  of  Qenera  an- 

MolTem.  uexed. 

*  In  1871,  from  Barnwell  County. 

242 


*  In  1877,  parts  to  Burleigh  and 

Sherman. 

*  In  1872,  part  to  Erain. 


•Since  1870,  parts  to  Millsti 

and  Sullivan. 
T  In  1873,  part  to  Le  Grand. 


POPULATION  OF   THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF   THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Fl»c«. 


Alexandria ' tp. 

Alexandria tp. 

Alexandria p.  v. 

Aloxundria p.  v. 

Alexandria p.b. 

Alexandria c. 

Alexis b. 

Alexis p.T. 

Alford tp. 

Alford p.h. 

Alfurdsville p.T. 

AlfordsTille tp. 

Alfred tp. 

Alfred p.v. 

Alfred tp. 

Alfred p.b. 

Alfred  Centre p.v. 

Alfsborg  « » p.tp, 

Algansee p.tp. 

Algiers p.v. 

Algodones v. 

Algoma  *...~ tp. 

Algoma tp. 

Algona^ tp. 

Algona p.v. 

Algonoc p.v. 

Algonquin tp. 

Algouiiuia p.v. 

Alliambra tp. 

Alhambra p.v. 

Allauiucbee p.tp. 

Allapaba p.v. 

Allegan tp. 

Allegan p.v. 

Alleghany p.v. 

Alleghany tp. 

Alleghany p.v. 

Alleghany tp. 

Alleghany  i c. 

Alleghany tp. 

Alleghany tp. 

Alleghany tp. 

Alleghany tp. 

Alleghany tp. 

Alleghany tp. 

Alleghany tp. 

Alleman'g p.v. 

Allen tp. 

Allen tp. 

Allen tp. 

Allen tp. 

Allen tp. 

Allen tp. 

Allen tp. 

Allen tp. 

Allen tp. 

Allen p.v, 

Allen tp. 

Allen p.v. 

Allen p.v. 

Allen p.tp, 

Allen tp. 

Allen tp. 

Allen tp. 

Allen tp, 

Allen tp. 

Allen p.h. 

Allendale _ p.v. 

Allendale „ p.tp, 

Allendale tp. 

Allen  port p.h. 

Allensburg v. 

Allen's  Fresh p.v. 

Allen's  Grove tp. 

Allen's  Grove p.tp, 

Allen's  Grove p.v. 

Allenstown tp. 

Allensville p.h. 

Allensville p.v. 

Allensville tp. 

Allensville^ p.v. 

Allenton p.v. 

Allen  ton p.v. 

Allentown p.v. 

AUentown p.v. 

Allentown v. 

Allentown c. 

Allenville p.h. 


County. 


Hunterdon 

Jefferson  _ 

Jefferson 

Licking 

Uuntingdon 

Alexandria 

Mercer..» 

Warren » 

lierksliire 

Berkshire 

Daviess „ 

Robeson 

York 

York 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Sibley 

Branch  

Orleans , 

Bernalillo , 

Kent - 

Winnebago 

Kossuth 

Kossuth 

St.  Clair. 

McHenry , 

McHeury 

Madison 

Madison 

Warren 

Berrien 

Allegan 

Allegan , 

Sierra 

Cattaraugus 

Cattaraugus 

Davidson 

Alleghany 

Blair 

Butler 

Cambria 

Potter , 

Somerset 

Venango 

Westmoreland.... 

Clearfiold 

La  Salle 

McLean 

Miami 

Noble 

Harrison 

Polk 

Warren 

Jewell 

Kingman. 

Natchitoches 

Hillsdale 

Hillsdale- 

Worth 

Alleghany 

Darke 

Hancock 

Union 

Northampton .... 

Washington 

Collin 

Wabash 

Ottawa 

Barnwell 

Washington 

Highland 

Charles 

Mason 

Scott 

Walworth 

Merrimac„ 

Switzerland 

Todd 

Person 

Mifflin 

Wilcox 

St.  Louis 

Monmouth 

Allen 

Fayette , 

Lehigh , 

Cape  Girardeau... 


State. 


N.J 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio. ... 

Pa 

Va 

m 

Ill 

Mass..... 

Mass 

Ind 

N.  C 

Me 

Me 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Minn... 
Mich.... 

La 

N.  Mex, 
Mich.... 

Wis 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Mich.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

N.  J 

Ga 

Midi.... 
Mich..., 

Cal , 

N.  Y.... 
N.  Y.... 

N.  0 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa.. 

Pa. , 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Iowa..., 
Iowa. .. 
Kan.... 
Kau.... 

La 

Mich... 
Mich... 

Mo 

N.  Y.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 

Pa. 

Pa 

Tex...., 

Ill 

Mich.... 

S.  0 

Pa. 

Ohio..., 

Md 

Ill 

Iowa.., 
Wis.... 
N.  H... 
Ind 

Ky 

N.  C... 

Pa , 

Ala 

Mo , 

N.  J.... 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 

Pa. 

Mo 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


4,253 

3,087 


303 

656 

13,570 


128 
1,041 

1,224 


2eA 
1,421 
2,600 

229 
1,959 

807 
2,157 

860 

754 
2,157 


973 
101 


3,642 
2,374 

240 
2,485 

746 

436 
63,180 
1,913 

890 
1,230 

625 
1,133 
1,485 
1,710 


877 
1,224 
1,042 
1,754 


732 

788 


1,759 


1,352 
794 
781 
969 
1,198 
2,040 
815 


799 
1,847 


1,199 
646 


804 


1,120 


13,884 


1,324 

3,135 

687 

269 

484 

13,659 

82 

398 

348 

49 

119 

1,571 

1,101 

306 

1,526 

135 

613 

477 

1,550 

8,855 

376 

2,100 

791 

2,147 

1,359 

712 

2,321 

286 

1,228 

108 

048 

157 

3,698 

2,305 

277 

4,044 

1,049 

692 

78,682 

2,149 

2,287 

1,431 

672 

1,201 

1,043 

2,050 

66 

1,016 

1,291 

1,225 

2,036 

297 

673 

1,031 

663 

195 

213 

1,680 

694 

1,847 

818 

1,246 

1,025 

1,333 

2,602 

1,236 

96 

283 

1,074 

2,580 

163 

61 

63 

1,102 

833 

201 

1,707 

86 

396 

1,389 

282 

177 

130 

1,010 

73 

97 

18,063 

122 


Place. 


Allerton p.T. 

Alley  ton.> p.v. 

AUeyton.. p.v. 

Alliance  _ p.T. 

Alligator tp. 

Alligator tp, 

Allison tp. 

Allison p.tp, 

AUouez p.tp, 

AUouez tp. 

AUowaystown p.T. 

Allsborough p.h. 

Alma p.T. 

Alma p.T. 

Alma p.tp. 

Alma V. 

Alma*.„ tp. 

Alma p.v. 

Alma p.T. 

Alma h. 

Alma p.h. 

Alma p.T. 

Alma tp. 

Alma p.h. 

Alma tp. 

Alma p.T. 

Alma tp. 

Alma  Centre p.v. 

Almaden ~tp. 

Almoua p.tp, 

Almena tp. 

Aimer tp. 

Almira p.tp, 

Almon tp. 

Almond tp. 

Almond tp. 

Almond p.tp. 

Almond's tp. 

Almont tp. 

Almont p.v. 

Almota p.h. 

Almyville v. 

Alna p.tp, 

Alpena  ' tp. 

Alpena. c. 


.p.v. 
,.p.v. 
,.p.v. 
..p.v. 
.p.v. 
..p.v. 
,.p.v. 


Alpha. 

Alpha 

Alpha 

Alpha 

Alpha 

Alpbaretta., 

Alpine 

Alpine p.tp, 

Alpine p.v. 

Alpine  City p.v. 

Alquina p.v. 

Alsace p.tp, 

Alsop b. 

Alstead p.tp. 

Alstead  Centre p.h. 

Alta ~ p.v. 

Alta p.h. 

Alta p.v. 

Alta p.tp 

Altamont p.v. 

Altamont p.v. 

Altaville h. 

AltaVista tp. 

Altay p.v. 

Altenburg p.v. 

Alto tp. 

Alto p.v. 

Alto p.b. 

Alto h. 

Alto tp. 

Alton tp. 

Alton c. 

Alton p.v. 

Alton p.v. 

Alton p.tp. 

Alton p.h. 

Alton tp. 

Alton p.v. 

Alton tp. 

Alton p.v. 

Alton ». p.T. 

Altona. p.T. 

Altona.- p.h. 


County. 


Wayne. 

Newaygo. 

Colorado 

Stark 

Tyrrel 

Chesterfield.... 

Lawrence. 

Clinton 

Keweenaw 

Brown 

Salem 

Colbert 

Crawford 

Park 

Marion »,. 

St.  Clair 

Wabaunsee.... 

Wabaunsee 

Gratiot 

Christian 

Lafayette 

Harlan 

Alleghany 

Page 

Buffalo 

Buffalo 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Santa  Clara... 

Norton 

Van  Buren 

Tuscola 

Benzie 

Shawano. 

Big  Stone 

Alleghany 

Portage 

Stanley 

Lapeer. 

Lapeer.. 

Whitman 

Windham 

Lincoln 

Alpena 

Alpena.. 

Henry 

Fayette 

Grundy 

Eureka. 

Greene 

Milton 

Chaffee 

Kent 

Schuyler 

Utah 

Fayette 

Berks 

Stutsman 

Cheshire 

Cheshire 

Placer 

Peoria 

Buena  Vista... 

Harvey 

KRlngham 

Grundy 

Calaveras 

Lincoln 

Schuyler 

Perry 

Lee 

Kichland 

Cherokee 

Fond  du  Lac 
Fond  du  Lac. 

Madison 

Madison 

Crawfoi-d 

Anderson 

Penobscot 

Kent 

Waseca 

Oregon 

Belknap 

Belknap 

Franklin...... 

Knox 

De  Kalb 


State. 


Iowa.... 
Mich.... 
Tex..... 

Ohio 

N.  C... 

S.C 

Ill 

Pa 

Mich,... 

Wis. 

N.  J 

Ala 

Ark 

Col 

HI 

III. 

Kan 

Kan 

Mich.... 

Mo 

Mo 

Neb 

N.  Y 

Va 

Wis 

Wis..... 
Wis.-,,. 

Wis 

Cal 

Kan 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Wis. 

Minn ... 

N.  Y 

Wig..... 

N.  C 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Wash... 
Conn.,.. 

Me 

Mich,... 
Mich.... 

Ill 

Iowa..,. 

Mo 

Nev.-... 
Ohio,.... 

Ga 

Col 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

Utah.... 

Ind 

Pa 

Dak. 

N.  H 

N.H 

Cal 

Ill 

Iowa..,, 
Kan  .„. 

Ill 

Tenn.,.. 

Cal 

Minn ... 

N.  Y 

Mo 

Ill 

La 

Tex... .» 

Wis. 

Wis..... 

HI- 

Ill 

Ind 

Ky 

Me 

Mich.... 
Minn  ,„ 

Mo 

N.  H.... 
N.  H„.. 
Ohio.... 

Ill 

Ind 


Population. 


1870.     188a 


4,063 
778 
669 
865 


794 
"890 
"462 


766 


1,049 
665 
731 


1,647 


980 
671 


1,686 
651 
792 

2,298 


747 
2,612 


126 
T,446 
""2O8 
1,294 
1,213 


200 
832 


1,448 
869 

8,665 
137 
160 
608 


429 

76 

1,768 


902 


464 
189 

4,636 
917 

1,225 

1,063 
930 
975 
269 
684 
10« 
604 
44« 

1,024 
463 

1,057 
362 
437 
94 
63 
298 
865 
63 
731 

1,244 

1,802 
170 

2,418 
876 
03d 

1,172 
356 
S03 
236 

1,667 
872 
024 

2,050 
83T 
47 

or 

687 

726 

6,163 

137 

42 

128 

60 

132 

164 

603 

1,378 

180 

310 

111 

1,623 

28 

1,037 

805 

120 

29 

423 

623 

654 

110 

71 

221 

130 

234 

1,028 

03 

88 

76 

1,335 

873 

8,976 

259 

209 

419 

20 

047 

127 

1,476 

299 

96 

818 

100 


»  In  1879,  part  to  Holland. 
•  In  1871,  part  to  Coniisb. 
»  In  1870,  including  all  of  Bock- 
ford. 


*  Since    1870,  area    much    re- 
duced. 
»  Since  1870,  MoClure  and  parts 


of  Eeserve  and  Boss  town.  Mill  Creek,  and  Washing- 

ships  have  been  annexed.  ton. 

•  Since  1870,  parts  to  Farmer,      »  In  1873,  prte  to  Long  Baplda 
and  Wilson. 

243 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  KETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


PUo*. 


Altoiia.>....»m......p.h. 

Altou«.„ tp. 

Altoiia.^ ....p.tp. 

Altona T. 

Altou  Vtny p.T. 

Altouim p.T. 

AlUxiiia c 

Alto  Pius_ p.T. 

Altunu p.T. 

Altiis p.h. 

Alum  Creek. p.T. 

Alvatla p.h. 

Alvantdo.. p.T. 

Alvarado- p.T. 

fclTln p.T. 

AItIso p.T. 

AlTiflO tp. 

AlTon p.h. 

Amador tp. 

Amador  City p.T. 

Amaganset ....p.T. 

Amalthea t. 

Amana tp. 

Amanda tp. 

Amauda t. 

Amanda tp. 

Amauda p.T. 

Amanda tp. 

Amaqua tp. 

Amazonia. p.T. 

Amber' p.tp. 

Amber p.v. 

AmbcrsonTille v. 

Ambia p.h. 

Ambler T. 

Amboy c. 

Amboy „ tp. 

Amboy p.T. 

Amboy p.tp. 

Amboy  _ tp. 

Amboy- p.T. 

Aml)oy tp. 

Amboy tp. 

Amboy  Centre p.T. 

Amelia. p.T. 

Amelia tp. 

Anienia. p.tp. 

Amenia  Union p.T. 

America h. 

America tp. 

American tp. 

Americiin  Fork p.T. 

Americua p.T. 

Americu8„ h. 

Americas. tp. 

Americug p.T. 

Ames p.T. 

Ames p.T. 

Amos tp. 

Amesbury  ^ tp. 

Amesvillo t. 

AmesTille p.T. 

Amherst' tp. 

Amherst.^ p.tp. 

Amherst p.tp. 

Amherst p.tp. 

Amherst.- tp. 

Amherst.- p.T. 

Amherst tp. 

Amherst p.tp. 

Amherst... tp. 

Amherst.- p.T. 

Amherst  Junction..p.h. 

Amiret tp. 

Amiret p.h. 

Amissville p.T. 

Amite  City.- p.T. 

Amity M p.T. 

Amity tp. 

Amity p.T. 

Amity ..^ tp. 

Amity p.tp. 

Amity tp. 

Amity p.T. 

Amity t. 

Amity .^ — p.T. 

Amity >...tp. 

Amity tp. 

AmityTllle... p.T. 


Oonnty. 


Mecosta. ^... 

Pip«  Stone 

Ciintou 

Calumet. 

Belknap 

Polk 

Blair, 

Union .., 

Modoc 

Franklin 

Bastrop. 

Seneca 

Alam«d« 

Johnson 

Vermilion 

Santa  Clara.- 

Santa  Clara.- 

Greenbrier 

Chisago 

Amador. 

Suffolk 

Krunklin 

Iowa 

Allen 

Butler 

Fairfield 

Fairfield 

Hancock 

I3oone 

Andrew 

Mason 

Ooonduga- 

Cherokee 

Benton 

Montgomery 

Lee 

Lee 

Miami 

Hillsdale 

Cottonwood 

Blue  Earth 

Oswego 

Fulton , 

Oswego 

Clermont „. 

Orangeburg 

Dutchess , 

Dutchess 

Wabash 

Plymouth , 

Sacramento 

Utah , 

Sumter 

Tippecanoe < 

Lyon 

Lyon 

Story , 

Montgomery 

Athens 

Essex 

Litchfield 

Athens 

Cherokee 

Hancock 

Hampshire 

Fillmore 

Hillsborough 

Hillsborough 

Erie 

Lorain 

Portage ,.., 

Portage 

Portage 

Lyon 

Lyon.- 

Rappahannock ... 

Tangipahoa 

Clarke 

Livingston 

Johnson..- 

Page 

Aroostook 

Alleghany 

Orange 

Knox 

Yam  Hill , 

Berks 

Erie „ , 

Suffolk 


State. 


Mich.... 
Minn ... 
N.  Y„... 

Wis 

N.U.... 
Iowa.,.. 

Pa 

Ill 

Cal 

Ark 

Tex 

Ohio.... 

Cal 

Tex 

Ill 

Cal 

Cal 

W.  Va.. 
Minn... 

Cal 

N.  Y 

Ohio.... 
Iowa..., 

Ohio 

Ohio-.., 

Ohio 

Ohio..  .. 

Ohio 

Iowa.... 

Mo , 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

Ala 

Ind 

Pa 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Mich.... 
Minn ... 
Minn ... 

N.  Y 

Ohio...- 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

S.  0 

N.  Y 

N.  Y„. . 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Cal 

Utah .... 

Ga 

Ind 

Kan 

Kan 

Iowa.... 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Mass.... 
Conn.... 

Ohio 

Iowa.... 

Me 

Mass.... 
Minn ... 

N.  H 

N.  H 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Minn  ... 
Minn ... 

Va- 

La 

Ark.,... 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Me 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Oregon. 

Pa. 

Pa 

N.  Y 


Population. 


1870.     188a 


2,759 


10,610 


1,441 

1,376 

226 

1,547 


1,4C9 


2,825 
1.279 


1,1C0 


l,4:n 
1,089 


2,040 
2,662 


3,259 
143 
884 


1,229 
6,.581 


162 


350 
4,035 
1,115 
1,353 


4,555 

2,482 

982 


790 


1,010 

311 

2,087 


""i',(56 

924 


86 
145 

8,670 
290 
171 
400 

19,710 
166 
148 
224 
181 
63 
364 
377 
165 
141 
721 
65 
178 
824 
648 
87 

1,633 

1,466 
273 

1,840 
375 

1,474 
697 
262 
747 
156 
148 
253 
251 

2,448 

1,223 
208 

1,379 
139 
66 

1,244 

1,291 
46 
381 

3,664 

2,697 
64 
65 

2,311 
401 

1,299 

3,6;t5 
89 

1,906 
431 

1,153 
148 

1,392 

3,:J55 
377 
159 
341 
400 

4,298 
931 

1,225 
434 

4,519 

3,259 

1,376 
298 
49 
28i 
46 
141 

1,120 
140 

1,290 
09 

1,381 
432 

1,972 
131 
116 
215 

1,598 

1,033 

1.063 


Place. 


AmltyTilie.. h. 

Amo p.T. 

Amo ....tp. 

Amor p.tp. 

Amsterdam^ -tp. 

Amsterdam tp. 

Amsterdam p.T. 

Amsterdam p.li. 

Amsterdam p.h. 

Amwell tp. 

Anaheim p.T. 

Aualy* tp. 

Anamosa p.v. 

Anchor p.h. 

Anchorage .- p.T. 

Anchor  City t. 

Anchor  City tp. 

Ancram tp. 

Ancrnm p.T. 

Ancram  Lead  Mine.p.T. 

Andalusia. p.T. 

Andal  usia p.tp. 

Andalusia p.T. 

Anderson tp. 

Anderson tp. 

Anderson tp. 

Anderson p.T. 

Anderson , tp. 

Anderson tp. 

Anderson tp. 

Anderson p.h. 

A  ndersou tp. 

Anderson p.h. 

Anderson tp. 

Anderson tp. 

Anderson tp. 

Anderson... p.T. 

Anderson  C.  H.-....p.T. 

Anderson  Tille p.T. 

AndersouTille p.T. 

Andes tp. 

Andes p.T. 

Andover p.tp. 

Andover p.T. 

Andover tp. 

Andover p.tp, 

Andover'- p.tp. 

Andover tp. 

Andover tp. 

Andover p.T. 

Andover tp. 

Andover p.T, 

Andover tp. 

Andover p.v. 

Andover p.tp. 

Andover p.tp, 

Andover  Centre t. 

Andrew p.T. 

Angelica tp. 

Angelica p.T. 

Angelica p.tp. 

Angel  Island 

Angelo tp. 

Angel's  Camp p.T. 

Angola p.T. 

Angola p.T. 

Angus p.tp, 

Animas  City p.v. 

Animas  Forks p.T. 

Anita p.T. 

Ann tp. 

Anna tp. 

Anna. p.T. 

Anna p.T. 

Annandale p.T. 

Annandale p.T. 

Annapolis p.v. 

Annapolis p.T. 

Annapolis c. 

Annapolis p.T. 

Annapolis b. 

Annapolis p.T. 

Ann  Arbor c. 

Ann  Arbor tp. 

Annaton p.h. 

Annawan p.T. 

Annawan tp. 

Annin tp. 

Anniston p.v. 


County. 


Berks- 

Hendricks , 

Cottonwood...... 

Otter  Tall 

Hancock 

Muutgomory ... 
Montgomery ... 

Jcfiersou 

Botetourt 

Waiihington 

Los  Angeles 

Sonoma 

Jones 

McLean 

Jefferson 

Lawrence 

McLean 

Columbia 

Columbia 

Columbia.- 

Covington 

Rock  Island.... 

Bucks 

Mendocino , 

Clark 

Madison 

Madison 

Perry., 

Rush 

Warrick , 

Fremont 

Mills.- 

Warren 

Caswell , 

Hamilton , 

AVilliHmsburg- 

Grimes 

Anderson , 

Sumter 

Anderson 

Delaware 

Delaware 

Tolland - 

Henry , 

Henry 

Oxford , 

Essex 

Polk , 

Merrimac , 

Merrimac- , 

Sussex , 

Sussex 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Ashtabula 

Windsor. 

Tolland 

Jackson 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Shawano 

Marin 

Monroe 

Calaveras 

Steuben 

Erie 

Polk 

La  Plata 

San  Juan 


Cottonwood 

Union 

Union 

Shelby 

Hunterdon 

Dutchess 

Crawford 

Parke 

Anne  Arundel- 
Iron  

Crawford 

Jefferson 

Washtenaw 

Washtenaw 

Grant 

Henry 

Henry 

McKean 

Calhoun 


State. 


Pa..... 
Ind... 
Minn 
Minn 
Iowa, 
N.  Y., 
N.  Y., 
Ohio- 
Va.... 

Pa 

Cal.... 
Cal.... 
Iowa, 

111 

Ky.... 
Dak... 

Ill 

N.  Y.. 
N.  Y- 
N.  Y.. 
Ala... 

Ill 

Pa 

Cal.... 

Ill 

Ind... 
Ind... 
Ind..., 
Ind..., 
Ind... 
Iowa . 
Iowa.... 

N.  J 

N.C 

Ohio.... 

S.  0 

Tex 

S.  C 

Ga. 

Teun... 
N.  Y.... 
N.  Y„.. 
Conn... 

Ill 

Ill 

Me 

Mass... 
Minn.. 
N.  H.... 
N.  H„.. 

N.  J 

N.  J 

N.  Y.... 
N.  Y.... 
Ohio.... 

Vt 

Conn... 
Iowa... 
N.  Y.... 
N.  Y.... 

Wis 

Cal 

Wis 

Cal 

Ind , 

N.  Y„.. 
Minn .., 

Col 

Col 

Iowa... 
Minn .., 

Ill 

Ill 

Ohio...., 

N.  J 

N.  Y.... 

Ill 

Ind 

Md 

Mo 

Ohio...., 
Ohio.... 
Mich..., 
Mich..., 

Wis 

Ill 

Ill 

Pa 

Ala 


Population. 


1870.      188a 


259 

7,700 

6,4-'6 

89 

'"i',87'9 

881 

2,374 

1,605 


1,793 


878 


679 
947 
4,713 
3,126 
1,136 
1,452 
842 


631 


1,644 

4,077 
676 


1,432 


2,840 


461 


1,767 

757 

4,873 


1,206 


1,126 


921 

688 


352 

1,643 

991 

233 


461 


1,072 
600 


2,697 
1,269 


279 
5,744 


253 

139 

7,363 

1,383 


1,261 
760 


•  In  1875,  part  to  Eden. 

*  In  1876,  part  to  Merrimac. 

2U 


•  In  1871,  from  port  of  Sherl- 
dan. 


*  In  1878,  part  to  Magor. 
»  In  1871,  part  to  Bedwood. 


•  In  1871,  part  to  Lawrence. 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS   KETUKNS   OF   1870  AND   1880   COMPARED. 


Annsvllle tp. 

Annvillo p.T. 

Anoka p.li. 

Anoku tp. 

Anokui p.T. 

Ansou -  tp. 

Anson  ' tp. 

Anaoiiia p.v. 

AiiBonville... tp. 

Ansonville p.v. 

Antelope „ tp. 

Anthony tp. 

Anthony p.v. 

Anthony tp. 

Anthony tp. 

Anthony tp. 

Anthony p.v. 

Antioch p.v. 

Antioch V. 

Autioch tp. 

Antioch p.v. 

Antioch p.v. 

Antioch h. 

Antioch tp. 

Antioch tp. 

Antioch' tp. 

Antiquity p.v. 

Antis tp. 

Antrim tp. 

Antrim tp. 

Antrim tp. 

Antrim tp. 

Antrim tp. 

Antwerp tp. 

Antwerp tp. 

Antwerp - p.v. 

Antwerp p.v. 

Apalacliin p.v. 

Apex p.v. 

Apolacon tp. 

Apoilo p.b. 

Appalachicola p.v. 

Appanoose p.tp. 

Applebachsville.  ...p.h. 

Apple  Creek tp. 

Apple  Creek p.v. 

Apple  Kiver tp. 

Apple  River. p.v. 

Apple  River p.tp. 

Appletou tp. 

Appleton tp. 

Appleton p.h. 

Appleton p.v. 

Appleton tp. 

AppletoD p.h. 

Appleton c. 

Appleton  City p.v. 

Apponang v. 

Aqua  Sarca h. 

Aquebogue v. 

Aquilla p.h. 

Arabia p.h. 

Arago p.v. 

Arapahoe p.h. 

Ararat tp. 

Arbacoocliee p.h. 

Arbela.. tp. 

Arbela p.v. 

ArbourviUe h. 

Arbuckle p.h. 

Arcada tp. 

Arcade v. 

Arcade tp. 

Arcade p.v. 

Arcadia p.h. 

Arcadia p.T. 

Arcadia tp. 

Arcadia p.v. 

Arcadia tp. 

Arcadia tp. 

Arcadia tp. 

Arcadia p.v. 

Arcadia tp. 

Arcadia tp. 

Arcadia p.v. 

Arcadia p.v. 

Arcadia tp. 

Arcadia p.v. 


County. 


Oneida , 

Lebanon 

Cass , 

Anoka 

Anoka , 

Somerset , 

Chippewa. 

New  Haven 

Anson , 

Clearfield 

Mono 

Harper.- 

Harper 

Polk 

Lycoming 

Montour 

Kent 

Contra  Costa 

Oglethorpe 

Lake 

Ijako 

Huntington 

Jay 

We.xford 

Wilkes 

Darlington 

Meigs 

Blair 

Shiawassee 

Watonwan 

Hillsborough 

Wyandot 

Franklin 

Van  Bureu 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Paulding 

Tioga 

Wake 

Susquehanna 

Armstrong 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Bucks 

Cape  Girardeau.. 

Wayne 

Jo  Daviess 

Jo  Daviess 

Polk 

Knox _ 

Swift 

Swift 

Cape  Girardeau.. 

St.  Clair 

Licking 

Outagamie 

St.  Clair 

Kent „ 

San  Miguel 

Suff.lk 

Hill 

Lawrence 

Richardson.. 

Furnas 

Susquehanna 

Cleburne 

Tuscola „ 

Scotland 

Chaffee 

Colusa 

Gratiot 

Polk 

Wyoming 

Wyoming 

Morgan 

Hamilton- 

Carroll 

Carroll , 

Lapeer 

Manistee , 

Iron 

Iron 

Wayne 

Davidson , 

Hancock , 

Washington 

Trempealeau 

Trempealeau 


State. 


N.T.. 

Pa 

Ind... 
Minn 
Minn 
Me.... 
Wis... 
Conn. 
N.  C. 

Pa 

Cal.... 
Kan .. 
Kan» 
Minn 

Pa 

Pa 

II.  I... 
Cal.... 

Ga 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind..., 
Ind.... 
Mich.. 
N.  C... 
S.  C... 
Ohio... 

Pa 

Mich.. 
Minn. 
N.  H., 
Ohio... 

Pa 

Mich.. 
N.  Y... 
NY... 
Ohio... 
N.  Y... 
N.C... 

Pa 

Pa 

Fla .... 
Kan  ... 

Pa 

Mo  .... 
Ohio... 

Ill 

Ill 

Wig.... 

Me 

Minn . 
Minn . 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio... 
Wis... 

Mo 

R.  I... 
N.  Mex. 

N.  Y 

Tex 

Ohio 

Neb 

Neb 

Pa 

Ala 

Mich.... 

Mo 

Col 

Cal...... 

Mich.... 

Neb 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.  C 

Ohio 

R.  I 

Wis....„ 
Wis 


Population. 


1870.       1880. 


2,710 
'l,'498 


1,745 

455 

2,749 

1,843 


162 


543 
959 


1,595 
■"^9 


704 

CG9 

280 

1,893 

992 

263 

904 

1,061 

3,762 

2,690 

3,310 

773 

717 


528 

704 

1,129 


2,626 
'i",l68 


1,485 


4,518 


364 

"in 

'sfo 


1,202 


1,742 
573 


418 

175 
3,058 


6,271 
720 
288 


1,651 


2,554 

1,431 

56 

261 

2,706 

1,555 
723 

3,855 

2,364 
99 
288 

1,022 
345 
147 
692 

1,042 
628 
626 
107 

1,472 
134 
454 
34 
114 
675 

1,154 
141 

2,281 

1,190 
430 

1,172 

1,928 

4,284 

1,958 

3,414 
731 

1,275 
223 
228 
639 

1,156 

1,336 

1,061 
96 

2,9i4 
385 

l,a35 
626 
412 

1,348 
232 
400 
100 

1,983 
60 

8,005 

1,034 
772 
128 
323 
42 
46 
154 
470 
639 
60 

1,283 
144 
159 
187 

1,611 
93 

2,000 

762 

65 

433 

1,111 
426 

1,043 
3.35 

3,432 
259 

6,702 
857 
396 
102 

3,167 
665 


Place. 


Arcanum p.v, 

Areata p.v, 

Archliald p.b, 

Archbold p.v. 

Archer p.v. 

Archer tp. 

Areola tp. 

Areola p.v. 

Arcol.-v p.h. 

Areola h. 

Areola p.h. 

Arctauder tp. 

Arctic V. 

Ardmore p.v. 

Arena tp. 

Arena tp. 

Arena tp. 

Arena , p.v. 

Arenac  < tp. 

Arendahl tp. 

Arendtsville p.h. 

Arenzville p.v. 

Argenta p.v. 

Argentine p.v. 

Argentine tp. 

Argos p.v. 

ArguBville p.v. 

Argyle p.v. 

Argyle tp. 

Argyle* p.tp. 

Argyle tp. 

Argyle p.v. 

Argyle' tp. 

Argyle p.v. 

Arietta p.tp. 

Arion p.tp. 

Arispe tp. 

Arizona p.v. 

Arkadelphia p.v. 

Arkadelpliia p.v. 

Arkansiis' tp. 

Arkansas  City p.v. 

Arkansas  City.. 
Arkansas  Post.. 

Arkansaw 

Arkdale 

Arkoe .ph. 

Arkwright tp. 

Arkwright v. 

Arlington p.v. 

Arlington p.v. 

Arlington p.v. 

Arlington tp, 

Arlington p  v. 

Arlington p.v. 

Arlington tp. 

Arlington tp. 

Arlington tp. 

Arlington  ' tp. 

Arlington p.v. 

Arlington p.v. 

Arlington p.v. 

Arlington p.v. 

Arlington tp. 

Arlington tp. 

Arlington p.h. 

Arlington  Height8..p.v. 

Armada tp. 

Armada p.v. 

Arnnigh p.v. 

Armagh tp. 

Armenia tp. 

Armenia p.tp. 

Armington p.h. 

Armonk p.v. 

Armstrong p.v. 

Armstrong _tp. 

Armstrong p.v. 

Armstrong p.b. 

Armstrong  » tp. 

Armstrong  " tp. 

A  rmstrong's  Grove.p.tp. 

Arnaudville p.v, 

Arnettsville p.b, 

Arneytown v. 

Arnheim p.v. 

ArnoldsviUe p.h. 


,..p 
...p.v. 
..p.h. 
.p.v. 


County. 


Darke 

Humboldt 

Lackawanna . 

Fulton 

Alachua 

Harrison 

Douglas 

Douglas 

Tangipahoa.... 
Washington.., 

Dade 

Kandiyohi .... 

Kent 

Montgomery.. 
Mendocino..  .. 
Lac  Qui  Parle. 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Bay 

Fillmore 

Adams 

Cass 

Macon 

Genesee 

Genesee 

Marshall 

Schoharie 

Winnebago 

Penobscot 

Sanilac 

Washington.... 
Washington.... 

Lafayette 

Lafayette 

Hamilton 

Cloud 

Bureau 

Claiborne 

Blount 

Clarke 

Arkansas 

Desha 

Cowley 

Arkansas 

Pepin 

Adams 

Nodaway 

Chautauqua.... 
Providence     and 

Kent 

Calhoun 

Bureau 

Rush 

Woodbury , 

Reno 

Ballard „.. 

Middlesex 

Van  Buren.... 

Sibley 

Phelps 

Phelps , 

Hudson 

Hancock 

Tarrant _.. 

Bennington.... 

Columbia 

Columbia 

Cook 

Macomb 

Macomb 

Indiana »., 

Mifflin 

Bradford 

Juneau 

Tazewell 

Westchester. .. 

Vermilion 

Vanderburg ... 
Wyandotte...., 

Howard 

Indiana 

Lycoming 

Emmett 

St.  Landry 

Monongalia.... 

Burlington 

Brown 

Buchanan 


State. 


Ohio... 
Cal .... 

Pa 

Ohio... 

Fla 

Ohio..., 

Ill 

lU 

La 

Jlinn.. 

Mo 

Minn.. 

R.  I 

Pa 

Cal 

Minn.., 

Wis 

Wis 

Mich... 
Slinn.., 

Pa 

Ill 

Ill 

Mich... 
Mich.... 
Ind.... 
N.  Y... 

Ill 

Me 

Mich.. 
N.  Y... 
N.  Y.... 

Wis 

Wis 

N.  Y.. 
Kan... 

Ill 

La 

Ala 

Ark.... 

Ark 

Ark.... 
Kiin... 
Ark..... 

Wis 

Wig 

Mo.... 
N.  Y... 


R.  L 

Ga 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa. ... 

Kan 

Ky 

Ma£8.... 
Mich.... 
Minn  ... 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  J 

Ohio 

Tex 

Vt 

Wis 

Wis 

Ill 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Wis 

HI 

N.  Y 

Ill 

Ind 

Kan 

Mo 

Pa 

Pa 

Iowa.... 

La 

W.  Va.. 

N.  J 

Ohio 

Mo 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


450 


2,571 
373 


726 
2,332 


1,406 
2,13i 


459 
853 


1,061 


307 
151 

2,850 
351 

1,634 


139 


1,216 


948 
683 


1,030 


3,261 

1,360 

752 

1,190 


1,6.36 

822 


1,721 
494 
177 

1,873 
391 
254 


1,290 


1,435 

1,424 

45 


117 


778 

702 

3,049 

635 

126 

785 

2,925 

1,615 

94 

24 

87 

614 

845 

619 

1,689 

94 

1,796 

266 

678 

1,002 

248 

379 

74 

112 

1,178 

622 

111 

41 

285 

341 

2,775 

316 

1,225 

322 

294 

675 

1,160 

136 

195 

1,506 

667 

6a3 

1,012 

37 

212 

35 

33 

1,076 

228 

260 

447 

360 

142 

66 

837 

4,100 

1,551 

916 

892 

66 

777 

136 

103 

1,532 

1,022 

66 

995 

1,793 

666 

12:1 

2,067 

410 

290 

129 

265 

80 

1,364 

718 

76 

1,340 

1,431 

242 

149 

64 

64 

98 

40 


1  In    1878,  from  Anoka  town- 
ship, 
<  la  1875,  part  to  Flambeau. 


«  In  1878,  name  changed  from 
Lunney. 

4  Since  1870,  t«rritory  much  re- 
duced. 


*  In  1873,  part  to  Evergreen. 

*  Since  1870,  part  to  Blanchard. 
'  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 

*  In  1872,  part  to  Miller. 


•In  1870,  Including  Sheloct* 

borough. 
W  In  1878,  part  to  Duboistovni. 

245 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Plao*. 


ArDot 

Aroma.- 

Arringtun 

Arrow  Kock  > 

Arrow  Kock 

Arrowsic....^ 

Arruwinilth 

Arruwimltli > 

Arroyo  Qrande*.. 

Arteda.... 

Artetia. 

Arthur 

Arthur 

Artichoke 

Arron 

Anrouia*. 

Anronia. 

Asbury 

Aibury  Park.. ... 

Ash ^ 

Aih«„ , 

Ashawsy 

Ashboroiigh 

Ashborough*.... 

Ash  borough 

Ashbourne 

Asliburnhnm 

Ashby 

Asliervlllo*.. 

AshcTille 

AsheviUe 

Ashflold ^. 

Ashrurd 

AsliTord ~M... 

Ashford 

Ash  GroTe 

Ash  Grore 

Ash  Grove 

Ash  Jlill „ 

Ash  Hill 

Ashippiin 

Ashkum 

Ai<hkum 

Ash  Lake 

Ashland 

Ashland 

Ashland 

Ashland 

Ashland' 

Ashland 

Ashland ^.... 

Ashland 

Ashland 

Ashland 

Ashlaud 

Ashland ^ 

Ashland , 

Ashland 

Ashland 

Ashland 

Ashland 

Ashland 

Ashland 

Ashland 

Asliland 

Ashland 

Ashland 

Ashland 

Ashland* , 

Ashland  City 

Ashley 

Ashley  •. 

Ashley „.... 

Ashley , 

Ashley  

Ashley , 

Ashley  Falls 

Ashniore , 

Ashraore.„ 

Ash  Hock 

Ashtabula 

Ashtiibula 

Asliton 

Ashton_ 

A»<hton , 

Ash  ton 


County. 


.p.y 
.tp. 
.tp. 
-tp. 

,.p.T 

.p.tp. 

.tp. 

,.p.T. 

..tp. 

,.tp. 

,.p.T. 

,.p.T. 

..p.h, 
.tp. 
,.tp. 
..tp. 

..p.T. 

..p.T, 

..p.T, 

•tp. 

,.tp. 

..p.T. 

..p.T, 

..tp. 

..p.T, 

..p.T 

..tp. 

..p.tp, 

.tp. 

..tp. 

..p.T. 

,.tp. 

..tp. 

..tp. 

..tp. 

..p.tp. 

..tp. 

..p.T. 

..tp. 

..p.T. 

..p.tp. 

..tp. 

..p.T. 

..tp. 

..p.T. 

..p.T, 

..tp. 

..p.T. 

..tp. 

...p.h. 

..p.T. 

..tp. 

..tp. 

..p.T. 

..tp. 

..p.T. 

..p.T. 

..p.T. 

..tp. 

..p.T. 

..tp. 

..tp. 

..p.T. 

..p.T. 

...p.T. 

..tp. 

..p.b. 

..p.T. 

...tp. 

...p.T. 

...p.T. 

...tp. 

,..tp. 

...p.T. 

...p.T. 

...p.b. 

...p.T. 

...tp. 

...p.T. 

,..tp. 

...tp. 

...p.T. 

..tp. 

..p.T. 

..tp. 

..p.T. 


Tioga- ^ 

Kankakee 

Wayne.- 

Saline 

Saline 

Sagadahoc 

McLean- 

McLean 

San  Luis  Obispo. 

Iroquois 

Lowndes 

Moultrie 

Mke 

Big  Stone.- 

Baraga 

Osage -... 

Osage 

Warren 

Monmoutli 

Monroe— 

Barry 

Washington 

Clay , 

Randolph 

Randolph , 

Montgomery ..... 

Worcester 

Middlesex 

Mitchell 

Biiiicomlie 

Buncombe 

Franklin 

Windham 

Cattaraugus. 

Fond  du  Lao 

Iroquois 

Shelby 

Greene 

Butler. 

Butler. 

Dodge 

Iroquois 

Iroquois 

Lincoln 

Clay 

Cass 

Riley 

Boyd 

Aroostook 

Aroostook 

Baltimore 

Middlesex 

Newaygo 

Newaygo.- 

Dodge 

Benton 

Boone 

Saunders 

Grafton 

Grafton 

Chemung- 

Greene 

Greene 

Ashland 

Jackson 

Clarion 

Schuylkill 

HanoTer 

Ashland 

Cheatham 

Washington 

Stearns 

Pike 

Pike 

Delaware.- 

Luzerne 

Berkshire 

Coles 

Coles.- 

Books 

Ashtabula. 

Ashtabula 

Lee 

Lee 

Monona 

Odceola 


State. 


Population. 


1870.     1880. 


252 
027 


776 
1^68 


1,461 


1,172 
182 


2,172 
994 
144 
2,69.1 
1,400 
1,180 
1,241 
1,801 
1,799 
1,140 
1,499 


491 


1,623 
1,315 


Pa- 
in  I     1,100 

III 1,640 

Mo 8.174 

Mo 

Me 

Ill- 

Ill- 

Cal 

Ill 

Miss 

Ill 

Ind 

Minn  A. 
Mich..., 
Kan  -.., 

Kan 

N.J 

N.J.„, 
Mich., 

Mo 

R.  I..., 
Ind.... 
N.C.-, 
N.C... 

Pa. 

Mass .. 
Mass. 
Kan .. 
N.C... 
N.  C... 
Mass.-. 
Conn.- 
N.  Y„.. 

Wis , 

III 

Ill 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Wis 

Ill 

Ill 

Minn ... 

Ala 

Ill 

Knn.-... 

Ky 

Me 

Me 

Md 

Mass .... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn  .- 

Miss 

Mo. 

Neb 

N.  H 

N.  H 

N.  Y 

N.Y 

N.Y 

Ohio 

Oregon.. 

Pa 

Pa 

Va 

Wis 

Tenn.... 

Ill 

Minn.- 

Mo 

Mo 

Olilo 

Pa 

Mass.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Kan  „.„ 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Mich.... 


118 

203 


1,4,'J9 
4'15 


2,186 
770 


65;) 
886 


1,568 
992 


758 

6,714 

491 


121 
1,030 


1,222 
368 
464 


2,088 


3,394 
1,999 
1,007 


2,783 
1,200 
1,583 
2,445 

304 

256 

1,256 

240 

098 

1,630 

160 

241 

87 

161 

KK) 

867 

107 

08 

1,640 

2,252 

373 

638 

126 

708 

299 

842 

1,666 

914 

693 

6,668 

2,616 

1,066 

1,041 

1,813 

2,o:l8 

1,612 

1,574 

600 

697 

63 

1,369 

1,847 

245 

165 

387 

609 

256 

3,280 

605 

85 

445 

2,394 

1,346 

190 

689 

174 

371 

978 

060 

733 

1,149 

899 

268 

3,004 

842 

1,054 

6,052 

764 

051 

170 

960 

247 

1,425 

407 

483 

2,799 

194 

2,245 

403 

485 

6,522 

4,445 

1,008 

646 

276 

01 


PUc*. 


Coanty. 


Aihton p.T. 

Ashunlut- p.T. 

Ashville T. 

AshviUe.... T. 

Ashwaubenon  >o..,.tp. 

Aspen  Hill p.h. 

Assumption tp. 

Assumption p.T. 

Assaria p.T. 

Assawaman u. 

Assyria- tp. 

Aston tp. 

Astoria- tp. 

Astoria. p.T, 

Astoria- p.T, 

Asylum tp. 

Atalissa p.T. 

Atchison c. 

Atchison  11 tp. 

Atchison** tp. 

Atglen.- p.b. 

Athitlla p.h. 

Athelstane  w p.tp 

Athens— p.T. 

Athens c. 

Athens p.T. 

Athens  >< tp. 

A  thens p.tp. 

Athens tp. 

Athens p.h. 

Athens- tp. 

Athens p.T. 

Athens  >* tp. 

Athens p.T. 

Athens tp. 

Athens tp. 

Athens p.T. 

Athens tp. 

Athens- p.T. 

Athens tp. 

Athens tp. 

Athens p.b. 

Athens tp. 

Athens p.T. 

Athens p.T. 

Athens p.tp. 

AthensTille p.v. 

Atlierton- tp. 

Athol tp. 

Athol  Centre p.T. 

Atkins p.T. 

Atkinson tp. 

Atkinson p.T. 

Atkinson p.tp, 

Atkinson p.tp, 

Atlanta p.T. 

Atlanta c. 

Atlanta tp. 

Atlanta p.y. 

Atlanta tp. 

Atlanta tp. 

Atlanta p.T. 

Atlanta p.T. 

Atlantic tp. 

Atlantic p.T. 

Atlantic p.T. 

Atlantic tp. 

Atlantic p.h. 

Atlantic  City c. 

Atlantic  City p.T. 

Atlaiiticville p.T. 

Atlas- tp. 

Atlas. p.tp, 

Atlas p.T. 

Atsion p.T. 

Attalla p.  T. 

Attapulgus p.T. 

Attica p.v. 

Attica p.T. 

Attica tp. 

Attica tp. 

Attica p.T. 

Attica h. 

Attica tp. 

Attica p.T. 

Attica p.v. 


ProTldence 

Cheshire 

Clay 

Cliautauqua-.. 

Brown 

Giles 

Christian 

Christian .- 

Saline 

Accomack 

Barry 

Delaware 

Fulton 

Fulton 

Clatsop 

Bradford 

Muxcatine 

Atchison 

Clinton.- , 

Nodaway 

Chester 

Lawrence 

Clay 

Limestone 

Clarke 

Menard 

Ringf;old 

Jewell 

Somerset 

Somerset 

Calhoun 

Calhoun 

Isanti 

Clarke 

Gentry 

Greene 

Greene 

AthcnH 

Athens 

Harrison 

Bradford 

Bradford 

Crawford 

McMinn 

Henderson.... 

Windham 

Greene 

Wilkin 

Worcester 

Worcester 

Pope 

Henry 

Henry 

Piscataquis..., 
Rnckingimm, 

Columbia 

Fulton 

Logan 

Logan 

Kice 

Becker 

Macon 

Cass 

Cass 

Cass 

Norfolk 

Monmouth.... 

Accomack 

Atlantic 

Sweetwater.-. 

Suffolk 

Pike 

Genesee 

Genesee 

Burlington..., 

Ktowah 

Decatur 

Fountain 

Marion 

Sedgwick...... 

Lapeer 

Lapeer 

Camden 

Wyoming 

Wyoming 

Seneca 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


R.  I 

N.  II-.., 

Ind 

N.  Y 

Wis 

Tenn ... 

Ill , 

111 

Kan  „.. 

Va 

Mich.-, 

Pa 

Ill 

Ill 

Oregon 

Pa 

Iowa... 
Kan  -.. 

Mo 

Mo 

Pa 

Ohio-.. 
Kan-., 

Ala 

Ga 

Ill 

Iowa ... 
Kan .... 

Me 

Me 

Mich..- 

Mich. 

Minn 

Mo..- 

Mo.... 

N.  Y., 

N.Y., 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Tenn... 

Tex 

Vt 

Ill 

Minn  .. 
Mass.... 
Mass..., 

Ark 

Ill 

Ill 

Me 

N.H 

Ark 

Ga 

Ill 

Ill 

Kan-... 
Minn  -, 

Mo 

Tex 

Iowa..., 
Iowa.... 
Mass .... 

N.  J 

Va. 

N.J 

Wyom .. 

N.Y 

III.... 

Mich.... 

Mich 

N.J- 

Ala- 

Ga..- 

Ind- 

Iowa 

Kan.. 

Mich.... 

Mich 

N.  J.. 

N.Y. 

N.Y. 

Ohio. 


1,246 
690 


1,176 
1,846 
2,118 


630 
1,156 


7,054 
*i',!2i'9 


887 

4,251 

351 

602 


1,540 
'i*294 


2,211 
2,942 
1,793 
3,277 
1,696 
1,232 
2,256 

966 
1,317 

974 


296 


3,517 


1,132 


810 
488 


21,789 
2,339 


1,200 
1,713' 


1,043 
82.S 
179 

1,684 
1,501 


267 
2,273 


1,620 


2,546 

1,3:« 

370 


t  Since  1870,  part  to  Salt  Fork. 

•  In  1875,  part  to  Oso  Flaco. 

•  Since  1870,  parts  to  Barclay  and 

Olivet. 
*ln  1870,  from  part  of  Sugar 
Creek. 

246 


*  In  1875,  part  to  Cedar  Grove. 

*  Since  1870,  parts  to  Logan  and 

Lulu. 
'  In  1876,  name  changed  from 

Dalton. 
»  In  1879,  from  partof  La  Pointe. 


•  In  1870,  from  part  of  Sauk 

Centre. 
MJn  1872,  from  part   of  Fort 

Howard  City. 
M  In  1871,  from  parts  of  Hardin 

and  Lafayette. 


15  In  1871,  part  to  Nodaway. 
U  In  1877,  from  part  of  Bepnl^ 

lican. 
"  In  1871,  part  to  Riley, 
u  In  1880,  from  part  of  Isanti. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  BETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPAEED. 


Flace. 


Attleliorongh tp. 

Atwater p.  v. 

Atwater tp. 

Atwater p.v. 

Atwell tp. 

Atwood p.v. 

Atwood p.v. 

Atwood p.b. 

Aubbenaubbee tp. 

Aubrey tp. 

Aubrey p.v. 

Auburn p.v. 

Auburn tp. 

Auburn p.v. 

Auburn v. 

Auburn tp. 

Aiil'urn tp. 

Auburn p.v. 

Auburn p.v. 

Auburn tp. 

Anbnrii v. 

Auburn tp. 

Auliurn p.v. 

Auburn p.v. 

Auburn c. 

Auburn tp. 

Auburn h. 

Auburn p.v. 

Auburn tp. 

Auburn p.h. 

Auburn p.v. 

Auburn  t c. 

Auburn tp. 

Auburn tp. 

Auburn tp. 

Auburn p.b. 

Auljurn tp. 

Auburn p.h. 

Auburn v. 

Auburn p.v. 

Auburn  < tp. 

Auburn tp. 

Auliurn  dale p.tp. 

Audubon tp. 

Audubon  ' tp. 

Audubon p.v. 

Audubon p.v. 

Auglaize tp. 

Auglaize  < tp. 

Auglaize tp. 

Auglaize tp. 

Au  Ores* tp. 

Augusta p.v. 

Augusta Q. 

Augusta tp. 

Augusta p.v. 

Augusta p.v. 

Augusta tp. 

Augusta p.v. 

Augusta  • tp. 

Augusta p.v. 

Augusta p.v. 

Augusta c. 

Augustii tp. 

Augusta tp. 

Augusta p.v. 

Augusta p.v. 

Augusta tp. 

Augusta p.v. 

Augusta tp. 

Augusta p.v. 

Augusta p.v. 

Augusta p.v. 

AuUville p.v. 

Aurdale tp. 

Aurelia p.v. 

Aurclius.„ tp. 

Aurolius p.tp. 

Aurelius tp. 

Auror.i tp. 

Aurora. ^ c. 

Aurora p.T. 

Aurora" tp. 

Aurora p.tp, 

Aurora tp. 

Aurora  8 p.tp, 


County. 


Bristol 

Kandiyohi 

Portage 

Portage 

Kowan 

Douglas 

Kosciusko 

Armstrong .... 

Fulton 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Lee 

Lincoln 

Placer 

New  Castle.... 

Clark 

Sangamon 

Sangamon 

De  Kalb 

Fiiyette 

Fayette 

Shawnee 

Shawnee 

Logan 

Androscoggin 

Worcester 

Oakland 

Lincoln 

Rockingham . 
Rockingham . 

Salem 

Cayuga 

Crawford 

Geauga 

Tuscarawas. ... 

Schuylkill 

Susquehanna. 

Cannon 

Montgomery.. 

Ritchie 

Chippewa 

Fond  du  Lac.. 

Wood 

Montgomery . 

Audubon 

Audubon 

Becker 

Camden 

Laclede 

Allen 

Paulding 

Bay 

Woodruff. 

Richmond 

Hancock 

Hancock 

Pike 

Des  Moines.... 
Des  Moines.... 

Butler 

Butler 

Bracken 

Kennebec 

Washtenaw.... 
Lac  Qui  Parle 

Perrv 

St.  Charles 

Oneida 

Oneida 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Houston 

Fail  Claire 

Lafayette 

Otter  Tail 

Cherokee 

Ingham 

Cayuga 

Washington-. 

Kane 

Kane 

Dearborn...... 

Cloud 

Hancock 

Steele 

Lawrence 


State. 


Mass.... 
Minn  ... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

N.  C 

Ill 

Ind 

Pa 

Ind 

Kan 

Kan 

Ala 

Ark 

Cal 

Del 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa. ... 

Kan 

Kan 

Ky 

Me 

Mass.... 
Mich.... 

Mo 

N.  II 

N.  H 

N.  J 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Tenn.... 

Va 

W.  Va... 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Minn  ... 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Mich.... 

Ark 

Ga 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Kan 

Kan 

Ky 

Me 

Mich.... 
Minn... 

Miss 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Tex 

Wis 

Mo 

Minn... 
Iowa..... 
Midi... 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ill 

Ill 

lud 

Kan 

Me 

Minn... 
Mo 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


6,769 


1,180 
'2,05'i 


745 
1,125 


1,018 
"SCK) 


602 
1,303 


677 
1,059 


610 
6,169 
1,178 


17,225 
910 
783 

1,251 
511 

2,006 


1,626 


1,250 
381 


1,330 


1,696 
788 
255 


15,389 
1,992 


684 

"iii 


960 
7,1 
1,470 


2,067 

147 

1,015 


761 
*"85 


1,606 
1,052 
790 
13,195 
11,162 
3,304 


212 
422 


11,111 

302 

1,147 

220 

2,641 

212 

111 

149 

871 

1,216 

88 

1,161 

1,704 

1,229 

118 

608 

2,080 

788 

1,542 

1,204 

167 

844 

100 

682 

9,555 

1,317 

111 

65 

719 

02 

208 

21,924 

1,176 

786 

1,400 

740 

2,089 

107 

161 

109 

1,232 

1,651 

809 

1,413 

7^2 

792 

91 

1,775 

1,001 

1,749 

1,069 

316 

702 

21,891 

1,893 

1,015 

142 

564 

162 

1,588 

922 

1,282 

8,665 

l,64t) 

83 

62 

318 

2,171 

i:i0 

1,126 

206 

119 

1,116 

280 

464 

225 

1.478 

1,954 

999 

1.3,950 

11,873 

4,4.^5 

647 

212 

600 

1,181 


Place. 


Aurora p.v. 

Aurora p.v. 

Aurora tp. 

Aurora. p.v. 

Aurora tp. 

Aurora p.v. 

Aurora p.v. 

Aurora „tp. 

AuroravIUe p.v. 

Au  Sable tp. 

Au  Sable» tp. 

Au  Sable p.v. 

Au  Sable tp. 

Au  Sable  Forks p.v. 

Austerlitz tp. 

Austin p.v. 

Austin tp. 

Austin p.v. 

Austin tp. 

Austin tp. 

Austin tp. 

Austin c. 

Austin .p.v. 

Austin tp. 

Austin p.T. 

Austin p.v. 

Austin tp. 

Austin c. 

Austinburg tp. 

Austiuburg p.v. 

Austiati^wn tp. 

Autoi-g  Creek tp. 

Au.wasse tp. 

Ava p.v. 

Ava p.v. 

Ava tp. 

Avalanche p.b. 

Avalon .Sr...p.v. 

Avena tp. 

A  vena p.v. 

Avenue v. 

Averill tp. 

Avery tp. 

Avery  W tp. 

Avery p.v. 

Averysborough tp. 

Averysborough p.v. 

Avery's  Creek p.tp, 

Avilla p.v. 

Avilla p.v. 

Avlnger p.h. 

Aviston p.v. 

Avoca tp. 

Avoca p.v. 

Avoca p.h. 

Avoca tp. 

Avoca p.v. 

Avoca p.v. 

Avon tp. 

Avon p.v. 

Avon tp. 

Avon  11 p.tp. 

Avon »tp., 

Avon tp. 

Avon ~tp. 

Avon tp. 

Avon tp. 

Avon p.v. 

Avon tp. 

Avon p.v. 

Avon ~ tp. 

Avondale p.h. 

Avondale v. 

Avondale p.v, 

Avondale v. 

Axtell p.h. 

Ayeri* _ tp. 

Aylett's p.v. 

Ayr p.v. 

Ayr tp. 

Azalia p.b. 

Aztalan tp. 

Aitusa p.tp. 

Babylon  " tp. 

Babylon p.v. 

Bachman p.h. 


County. 


Esmeralda 

Cayuga. 

Erie 

Beaufort 

Portage 

Portage 

Preston _.. 

Waushara 

Waushara. 

Grundy 

Iosco 

Iosco « , 

Clinton 

Essex _ , 

Columbia. 

Cook „ 

Macon 

Scott 

Mecosta. , 

Sanilac , 

Mower 

Mower 

Tunica 

Cass , 

Cass , 

Lander 

Greenville 

Travis 

Ashtabula 

Ashtabula 

Mahoning 

Edgecombe 

Callaway 

Jackson 

Douglas 

Oneida.- 

Vernon -.., 

Livingston , 

Fayette , 

Fayette 

Alleghany 

Essex 

Hancock 

Humboldt. 

Monroe , 

Harnett „.., 

Harnett 

Buncombe 

Noble 

Jasper 

Cass , 

Clinton 

Livingston 

Pottawattamie 

Murray 

Steuben 

Steuben 

Iowa 

Hartford 

Fulton 

Lake 

Coffey 

Sumner 

Franklin 

Oakland 

Stearns 

Livingston 

Livingston 

Lorain 

Lebanon 

Rock 

Coshocton 

Hamilton.- , 

Chester 

Luzerne 

Marshall 

Middlesex 

King  William.. 

Adams 

Fulton 

Bartholomew... 

Jefferson 

Los  Angeles 

Suffolk 

Suffolk 

Montgomery ... 


State. 


Nev 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Ohio 

W.  Va.. 

Wis 

Wis 

Ill 

Mich..., 
Mich..., 

N.Y 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn ... 
Minn ... 

Miss 

Mo 

Mo 

Nev 

S.  C 

Tex 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

N.  C 

Mo 

Ill 

Mo 

N.  Y 

Wis 

Mo 

Ill 

Ill 

Pa 

Vt 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

N.C 

N.C 

N.  C 

Ind 

Mo 

Tex 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Minn... 

N.  Y 

N.Y 

Wis 

Conn.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Kan.-... 

Kan 

Me 

Mich.... 
Minn ... 

N.Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Pa 

Wis 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Kan 

Mass.... 

Va 

Neb 

Pa 

Ind 

Wis 

Cal 

N.  Y.... 
N.  Y. ... 
Ohio 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


450 
2,573 


2,863 


1,412 


713 
321 
346 
349 

692 
2,039 


1,366 


1,324 
1,512 
4,428 
1,111 


1,948 

651 

2,050 


1,160 
1,182 
""14 


716 


656 

138 


1,740 
492 
418 
987 
672 

1,005 
905 


610 
1,850 

211 
3,038 

900 
1,924 


886 


1,247 

91 

1,261 

320 


1,225 


341 
444 

2,723 
81 
G6U 
222 
152 

1,081 
146 

1,019 

1,350 

1,328 

2,980 
532 

1,341 

1,369 
944 
270 
687 
691 
667 

2,.105 
2,52 

1,414 
214 

1,679 

2,294 
10,960 

1,208 
318 

2,502 
828 

2,093 
366 
134 

1,039 
80 
266 

1,449 
91 
415 
48 
378 
236 
193 

1,244 
38 
787 
440 
180 
63 
367 
871 

1,600 
135 

1,843 
647 
362 

1,057 
689 

1,016 
488 
324 
671 

2,275 
468 

3,459 

1,617 

2,067 
136 
815 
83 

2.562 
329 
S4» 
265 

1,881 
78 
128 

1,309 
109 

1,3:J2 
704 

4,739 

2,142 
178 


»  In  1871,  part  of  Sennet  an- 
nexed. 

•  In  1873,  from  part  of  Bloomer. 

•Since  1870,  parts  to  Greeley, 
Leroy,  Melville,  and  Viola. 


♦  In  1870,  from  part  of  Hooker. 

*  In  1879,  part  to  Whitney. 

•  Since  1870,  parts  to  Blooming- 

ton.  Bruno,  and  Pleasant. 
'  Since  1870,  from  parts  of  Shir- 
ley and  Solomon. 


» In  1879,  from  parts  of  Buck 
Prairie  and  Spring  River. 

»  In  1877,  name  changed  from 
Sable.  In  1878,  part  to  Wil- 
ber. 

M  In  1873,  from  part  of  Rutland. 


l»  Since  1870,  parts  to  Hampden, 
Spring  Creek,  and  Star. 

W  In  1871,  from  parts  of  Groton 
and  Shirley. 

W  In  1872,  from  part  of  Hun- 
tington. 

247 


1*OPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


County. 


Dachmanvllle p.b. 

Back  Croek- ip. 

Back  Swamp tp. 

Bock  Swamp tp. 

Bacon v. 

Bacon tp. 

BacoiiTiUe h. 

Bad  Axo p.T. 

Badoii V. 

Baden Ii. 

Baileii p.T. 

Badger tp. 

Biidger tp. 

Bailey p.T, 

Biiilcy tp. 

Bailey's  X  Rond8...p.h 

Bailey's  Utiibor p.tp. 

Bitiley'g  Islnud isl, 

BaiUyTille p.T. 

Bailey  ville p.tp. 

Bainbridge p.T. 

Biiiul>r!dgei tp. 

Buinbridge tp. 

Btiinbridgo p.T. 

Bainbridge. p.tp. 

Bainbridge p.h. 

Bainbridge tp. 

Bain  bridge p.T. 

Buinbridge tp. 

Bainbridge p.T. 

Bainbridge p.T. 

Bairdstowu p.T. 

Baiting  Hollow p.T. 

Biiker tp. 

Baker tp. 

Bitker  tp. 

Bilker tp. 

Baker tp. 

Bikker tp. 

Baker* tp. 

Bilker  City p.T. 

Baker's  Corner p.h. 

Bakersfield p.T. 

Bakersfield tp. 

Biikir8fieia.„ p.h. 

BakerBtiiwn.. p.T. 

Bakci-sville p.T. 

Bakcrsville* tp. 

Bakersville.. p.T. 

BakersviUe  - p.T. 

Bakertou h. 

Bakerville p.T. 

Bala tp. 

Bala p.T. 

Bald  Eagle tp. 

Bald  Hill tp. 

Bald  Knob tp. 

Bald  Knob p.T. 

Bald  .Mountain tp. 

Baldwin p.T. 

Baldwin p.T. 

Baldwin p.T. 

Baldwin tp. 

Baldwin tp. 

Baldwin tp. 

Baldwin T. 

Baldwin p.T. 

Baldwin '*„ tp. 

Baldwin tp. 

Baldwin p.T. 

Baldwin tp. 

Baldwin tp. 

Baldwin tp. 

Baldwin p.T. 

Baldwin  City.„ p.v. 

BaldwinHTille  _ p.T. 

Baldwyn.„ p.T. 

Balktown„ h. 

Ball tp. 

Ball tp. 

Bal  lardsville p.b. 

Ballard  Vale p.T. 

Ballena ....p.tp, 

Bal  liutsTille .^.p.h. 

Ballston ....p.tp. 

Bailston  Spa. t. 

BalWille tp. 

Ball  win p.T. 

Balaam  I^ke*. p.tp. 

Baltimore ..bod. 


Dauphin...^.. 
RaudolphM.... 

RoboHuu 

Darlington.... 

Mabanka 

Vernon 

Bourbon 

Uuron 

Clinton.„ 

Keokuk 

Beaver 

Webster 

Veruon 

Muskegon..... 

Na»h._ 

Faiifax 

Door 

Cumberland... 

Ogle 

Washington... 

Decatur 

Schuyler 

Duboid 

Putnam.. 

Berrien 

Clinton 

Chenango 

Chenango 

Geauga. 

Boss 

Lancaster 

Oglethorpe.... 

Suffolk 

Martin 

Morgan 

Guthrie 

O'Brien  „ 

Osceola 

Crawford.-... 

Linn.» 

Baker 

Hamilton 

Kern 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Alleghany.... 

Litchfield 

Mitchell 

Mitchell 

Coshocton.... 
Cumberland . 
Humphreys.. 

Biiey 

Kiley 

Clinton.™ 

Jefferson 

White 

White 

Watauga 

Duval 

Randolph 

Jackson 

Cumberland.. 
Delta 

Iosco 

Jackson 

Lake 

Sherburne,... 

Chemung 

Queens 

Chatham 

Alleghany..., 

St.  Croix 

St.  Croix 

Donglag 

Onondaga_... 

Lee 

Beaver 

Sangamon..., 

Crawford 

Oldham 

Essex 

San  Diego 

Lehigh™ 

Saratoga 

Saratoga 

Sandusky 

St.  Louis 

Polk 

Sussex 


State. 


Pa...... 

N.  C... 
N.  C... 
S.  C... 
Iowa., 

Mo 

Ky 

Mich,. 

Ill , 

Iowa.. 

Po , 

Iowa. 
Mo,... 
Mich. 
N,  C. 
Va.... 
Wis... 
Me.... 

Ill 

Me.... 
Ga.,.. 

Ill 

Ind... 
Ind... 
MIcb. 
Mo,,.. 
N.  Y.. 
N,Y., 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 

Pa 

Ga 

N,  Y 

Ind , 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Iowa .... 
Iowa,.. 

Kan 

Mo , 

Oregon 

Ind 

Cal 

Vt 

Vt 

Pa 

Conn... 
N.  C..., 

N.  C 

Ohio.... 

Ky 

Tenn... 
Kan.... 
Kan.... 

Pa 

Ill 

Ark 

Ark 

N.  C... 

Fla 

Ill 

Iowa... 

Me 

Mich... 
Mich... 
Mich,,, 
Micb... 
Minn .. 
N.  Y..,. 
N.  Y,... 
N.  C... 

Pa 

Wis 

AVis 

Kan.... 
N,  Y.... 
Miss..,. 

Pa. 

Ill 

Mich,.. 

Ky 

MaM... 

Cal 

Pa 

N.  Y.... 
N.  Y.... 
Ohio.... 

Mo 

WU 

Del 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


1,212 

80U 

1,418 


377 
1,361 
1,200 
2,6-21 


1,337 


1,703 
681 
6G(r 
647 
76i 


1,018 
466 


962 

1,26'J 

312 


1,403 


950 
676 


1,101 


2:<4 
960 


3,104 


2,130 
133 


2,180 
2,970 
1,731 

""l02 
3,380 


63 

1,188 

1,420 

1,687 

727 

1,617 

60 

190 

187 

36 

400 

629 

675 

196 

1,124 

80 

649 

130 

208 

376 

1,430 

1,205 

2,039 

4-20 

1,378 

39 

1,9'24 

781 

683 

825 

069 

232 

340 

1,092 

406 

459 

202 

67 

2,612 

1,175 

1,258 

43 

801 

1,248 

295 

142 

107 

2,469 

476 

253 

23 

88 

681 

61 

939 

874 

656 

221 

310 

240 

271 

322 

1,123 

295 

1,248 

200 

165 

256 

908 

1,019 

1,963 

4,373 

1,228 

691 

325 

2.121 

477 

45 

1,045 

66 

65 

437 

611 

64 

2,f);« 

3,011 

1,052 

159 

367 

4,132 


Place. 


County. 


Baltimore tp. 

Baltimore c. 

Baltimore tp. 

Baltimore p.T. 

Baltimore tp. 

Bamberg tp, 

Bamberg p.T. 

Bancroft tp. 

Bancroft p.T. 

Bancroft tp. 

Bancroft p.T. 

Bancroft's  Banks...  v. 

Bandon tp. 

Bandy's tp. 

Bungall p.T. 

Bangor™ tp, 

Bangor p,T, 

Bangor c, 

Bangor* tp. 

Bangor tp, 

Bangor p.T. 

Baiigur tp, 

Bangor p.T. 

Baugor p.b, 

Bangor tp, 

Bangor p.T. 

Bangs p.v. 

Bangs p.T. 

Banks tp. 

Banks tp. 

Banks tp. 

Banks tp. 

Banuiick  City p.v. 

Banner tp. 

Banner p.tp, 

Banner tp. 

Banner tp. 

Banner tp, 

Bannervillo p.h 

Bantam  Falls p.T, 

Baptist  Hill v. 

Baptisttown p.v. 

Baraboo tp. 

Baraboo p.T, 

Barada p.b 

Baraga tp. 

Barbecue tp. 

Barber tp, 

Biirbertown h, 

Barberville h, 

Barlionrsville p.T. 

Barboursville p.T, 

Barcelona  City t. 

Barclay p.T, 

Barclay p.tp, 

Barclay p.h, 

Barclay tp. 

Barclay p.T. 

Banlolph p.T. 

Bardstown p.T. 

Banlstown  Junct'n.p.b. 

Barelas v, 

Baresville p.T. 

Bare  ville p.T. 

Barge  rsville p.h. 

liar  Harbor p.T, 

Baring tp. 

Barker tp. 

Barker's  Crook tp, 

Barkei-svillo p.h. 

Biirkey  ville p.h. 

Bai'kliamsted ]>.tp. 

Bark  ley tp. 

Biirk  liiver v. 

Bark  ville p.T. 

Barlow tp. 

Bar  Mills. p.h, 

Barnard p.tp, 

Barnard p.T. 

Barnard tp. 

Barnard p.b. 

Barnegat p.T. 

Barnes tp. 

Barnes p.h. 

Barnes's  Corners. ..jKh. 

Barnesville p.T. 

BarncBVillo v, 

Barnesville p,T. 

Barnesville p.h. 

Burnet tp. 


Henry , 

Baltimore 

Barry 

Faiifleld 

Windsor 

Itaruwell 

Barnwell.™ 

Aroostook 

Shiawassee 

Freeborn 

Daviess 

New  Castle 

Ileuville 

Catawba 

Dutchess 

Mamhall 

Marshall 

Penobscot 

Bay 

Van  Buren 

Van  Buren 

Fmnklin 

Franklin 

Northampton. 

La  Crosse 

La  Crosse 

Knox , 

Montgomery .. 

Fayette™ 

Antrim 

Carlwn 

Indiana 

Beaver  Head... 

Effingham 

Fulton 

Woodbury 

Dickinson , 

Bush 

Snyder 

Litchfield..!.... 

Ontario 

Hnntordou  .... 

Sauk , 

Sauk 

Hichardson 

Baraga , 

Harnett 

Faribault 

Hunterdon 

Washington™. 

Knox 

Cabell 

Nye 

Sangamon 

Black  Hawk.. 

Osage 

Bradford , 

Bradford 

McDouoiigh... 

NelKon , 

Bullitt 

Bernalillo 

Monroe 

Lancaster , 

Johnson , 

Hancock , 

Washington,.. 

Broome 

Jackson 

Saratoga 

Venango 

Litchfield 

Jasper 

Delta 

Delta 

Washington... 

York 

Pi8cata(]ai8,... 

Nodaway 

Windsor 

Windsor. 

Ocean 

Biiena  Vista... 
Washington... 

Lewis 

Pike 

Reynolds 

Belmont 

Schuylkill 

Cale'iouia 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Iowa.. 
Md  .... 
Mich.. 
Ohio.., 

Vt 

8.  C... 
8.  C... 

Me 

Mich. 
Minn 
Mo.... 
Del..., 
Minn 
N.  C. 
N.  Y„ 
Iowa. 
Iowa. 
Me..,. 
Mich. 
Mich, 
Mich. 
N.  Y„ 
N.  Y„ 
Pa.... 
Wis.,, 
Wis,,. 
Ohio.. 
Va.... 
Iowa. 
Mich. 
Pa.„. 
Pa .... 
Mon,. 

Ill 

Ill  .... 
Iowa. 
Kan.. 
Kan,, 

Pa 

Conn. 
N.  Y.. 
N.  J.™ 
Wis... 
Wis  „ 
Neb.. 
Mich. 
N.  C„ 
Minn,.. 

N.  J 

R.  I 

Ky 

Vf.  Va,, 

Nev 

UK 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Pa 

Pa 

Ill 

Ky 

Kv , 

N.Mox 

Ohio 

Pa 

Ind , 

Me 

Me 

N.  Y 

N.  0 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Con  n  ... 

Ind... 

Mich. 

Mich. 

Ohio.. 

Me.... 

Me,... 

Mo,,.. 

Vt.„, 

Vt .,., 

N,J,„ 

Iowa, 

Kan.. 

N,  Y., 

Ga.„. 

Mo ... 

Ohio. 

Pa.... 

Vt. ... 


1,114 

267,3.54 

1,155 

489 

83 

1,907 


177 


1,275 

332313 

1,368 

489 

71 

3,479 

648 

220 

387 

969 

97 


727 


18,289 
3,606 
1,626 


2,431 
1,151 


223 
604 
3,982 
747 
381 


1,104 


2,758 
1,628 


1,111 
601 


438 
371 


S61 
'2,609 


364 
1,396 


1,439 
832 


1,194 
'149 
r,2fl« 


233 


754 
*2,'()03 
T,94'6 


•1  Since  1870,  area  mnch  rednced. 
•  In  1871,  part  to  Grantsville. 

248 


»  In   1871,  part  of  Little  Rock 
Creek  attached. 


4  In  1877,  part  to  Blue  Hill. 
»  In  1870,  part  to  Apple  River. 


« In  1880,  excluslTo  of  West  Bay 
City. 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF   THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Barnet p.v. 

BiirneWtown v, 

Burnett p.v. 

Jiitruett tp. 

Burnett v. 

Burnett tp. 

Burnett - tp. 

BarnhiU tp. 

Barnliill p.h, 

Barnsbo  rough p.T, 

Barnstnble tp. 

Barnstjible p.T. 

Barnstead tp. 

BarDHtoad p.T, 

Bariiiim p.h, 

Barnwell tp. 

Barnwell p.T, 

Barr tp. 

Burr tp. 

Burr tp. 

Burmcksville ..p.T, 

Barre p.tp. 

Barro  ^ tp. 

Barre tp. 

Barre p.T. 

Barre* tp. 

Barree tp. 

Barro  Forge p.h. 

Barren tp. 

Barren  Fork p.h. 

Barren  Hill ...p.h. 

Barren  Island iai. 

Barren  Plain p.T. 

Barrett tp. 

Barringer's tp. 

Barrington tp. 

Barrington t. 

Barrington tp. 

Barrington p.tp, 

Barrington tp. 

Barrington  Station  p.T. 

Barron^ tp. 

Barron p.T. 

Barry tp. 

Barry p.T. 

Barry tp. 

Barry p.T, 

Barry tp. 

Biirry p.T. 

Barrytown p.T. 

Barrytown  Cornere.h. 

Barry  ville p.T. 

Barsnesa tp. 

Bart tp. 

Bartlett p.T. 

Bartlett p.T. 

Bartlett tp. 

Bartlett p.T. 

Bartlettsville b. 

Bartlow tp. 

Barton „tp. 

Barton tp. 

Barton p.T. 

Barton tp. 

Barton _.tp. 

Barton tp. 

Barton p.T. 

Barton „tp. 

Barton p.T. 

Barton  City tp. 

Bartonia p.h. 

Barton  LandIng....p.T. 
Barton's  Creek '•....tp. 
Bartonsville T. 


Bartonsville .. 

Bartow ..., 

Bartow..., 

Bascom... 

Bashun..., 

Bashaw... 

Basil.. 


,..p.h. 

...p.T. 
...p.T. 
..p.T. 
...tp. 
..p.tp, 
p.T. 


Basking  Ridge p.T, 

Buskinsville T. 

Basgcttrille tp. 

Bags  River tp, 

Bastregg tp. 

Bastrop p.T, 

Bastrop p.v, 

Batavia ....tp. 

Batavia p.T, 


Countyt 


Caledonia 

Huntingdon 

Warren 

De  Witt 

Oceana 

Forest 

Jefferson 

Wayne » 

Wayne 

Gloucester , 

Barnstable 

Barnstable 

Belknap 

Belknap , 

Carlton _ , 

Barnwell 

Barnwell 

Macoupin..  .,...,„ 

Daviess 

Cambria 

Marion 

Worcester. 

Orleans 

Washington 

Washington 

La  Crosse 

Huntingdon 

Huntingdon 

Franklin 

Izard 

Montgomery 

Kings 

Robertson 

Monroe 

Iredell 

Cook 

Lake 

Strafford 

Yates _ 

Bristol 

Cook 

Barron 

Barron _ 

Pike 

Piko 

Barry 

Clay 

Schuylkill 

Schuylkill 

Dutchess , 

Dutchess^ , 

SulllTan 

Pope 

Lancaster- 

Cook _ 

Fremont 

Carroll - 

Shelby 

Lawrence 

Henry 

Gibson 

Worth 

Alleghany 

Newaygo 

Tioga _ 

Orleans 

Orleans 

Washington 

Waaliiugton 

Barton 

Randolph 

Orleans- 

Wake 

Frederick 

Windham 

Polk 

Jefferson 

Seneca 

Bruwu 

Burnett 

Fairfield 

Somei'sot  - 

Perry 

Decatur. 

Burlington 

Lycoming 

Morehouse , 

Bastrop , 

Kane 

Eaue- 


State. 


Vt 

Pa.  „.. 

Ga 

Ill 

Mich., 

Pa 

Pa , 

III 

HI 

N.J... 


Mass..., 
N.  H... 
N.  U..„ 
Minn... 

S.  0 

S.  0 

HI 

Ind 

Pa 

W.Va. 
Mass.,, 

N.  y..., 

vt 

Vt 

Wig 

Pa 

Pa 

HI 

Ark 

Pa 

N.  Y.,.. 
Tenn  .. 

Pa 

N.  C... 

Ill 

HI 

N.  H.... 

N.  Y 

R.  I 

HI 

Wis 

Wis 

Ill 

HI 

Mich... 

Mo 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  Y.... 
N.  Y_.. 
N.  Y.. . 
Minn.., 

Pa 

Ill 

Iowa... 
N.  II.... 
Tenn  .. 

Ind 

Ohio.... 

Ind 

Iowa... 

Md 

Mich... 
N.  Y.... 

Vt 

Vt 

Wis 

Wis 

Mo 

Ind 

Vt 

N.  C... 

Md 

Vt 

Fla 

Ga 

Ohio.... 
Minn .. 
Wis.... 
Ohio.... 

N.  J 

Pa. 

Kan .... 

N.  J 

Pa_ 

La- 

Tex 

111-,.... 
Ill 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


1,0% 


604 

223 

2,032 


4,793 


1,181 


2,758 


114 

2,572 
6,756 
1,882 


1,392 
1,237 


930 

998 

1,490 


1,681 
1,606 
1,111 


638 
*2,49G 


1,297 
160 
930 


163 
1,432 


C29 
244 


126 
1,626 


383 
6,087 
1,911 


1,370 
""270 


1,586 


107 

17 


807 

2.51 

621 

1,199 

S.018 


241 

110 

79 

1,128 

341 

616 

296 

3,463 

86 

182 

4,242 

780 

1,296 

121 

49 

2,306 

648 

l,l:i5 

3,129 

899 

99 

2,419 

2,325 

2,000 

1,026 

056 

1,086 

200 

746 

78 

416 

309 

117 

1,149 

1,290 

1,593 

200 

1,497 

1,478 

1,359 

410 

363 

183 

2,610 

1,392 

1,329 

45 

1,041 

82 

239 

75 

271 

282 

1,381 

175 

l:i9 

1,044 

242 

97 

1,064 

1,956 

526 

1,112 

638 

5,825 

2,364 

742 

1,276 

338 

604 

30 

378 

1,639 

98 

49 

77 

248 

160 

295 

160 

287 

365 

358 

441 

1,006 

235 

822 

1,.546 

3,318 

2,039 


Place. 


Batavia. p.T. 

Batavia. tp. 

Batavia.. tp. 

Batavia p.v. 

Batavia tp. 

Batavia p.T. 

Batcbellerville p.T. 

Bates tp. 

Bates tp. 

Batesburg p.T. 

Batesville p.T. 

Batesville p.T. 

Batesville t. 

Bath p.T, 

Bath - tp. 

Bath .p.T. 

Bath -tp. 

Bath tp. 

Bath c. 

Bath- tp. 

Bath p.T, 

Bath- tp. 

Bath tp. 

Bath p.h, 

Bath V. 

Bath tp, 

Bath -p.T. 

Bath tp. 

Bafh - p.T. 

Bath -tp. 

Bath -tp. 

Bath -p.tp. 

Bath p.b. 

Baton  Pilon h. 

Baton  Rouge c. 

Baton  Rouge p.tp. 

Battenville ..,. p.T. 

Battle tp. 

Battle  Creek p.h. 

Battle  Creek tp. 

Battle  Creek tp. 

Battle  Creek p.T. 

Battle  Creek p.T. 

Battle  Ilill p.tp 

Battle  Mountaln...p.v, 

Battle  Plain tp. 

Banghman tp. 

Baugo tp, 

Baxley p.T. 

Baxley t, 

Baxter tp. 

Baxter  Springs p.v. 

Bay tp. 

Bayard p.T, 

Bay  borough tp. 

Bay  City p.T, 

Bay  City c, 

Bayfield tp, 

Bayfield p.v. 

Bayonne c. 

Bayou tp. 

Bayou  Blue t. 

Bayou  Boeuf t. 

Bayou  Macon tp. 

Bayou  Metoe*. p.tp. 

Bayou  Sara p.T. 

Bayport p.T. 

Bay  St.  Louis- p.T. 

Bayshore p.T. 

Baytown - tp. 

Bay  View p.h. 

Bay  View p.T. 

Bazaar p.tp, 

Bazetta tp. 

Bazile p.b, 

Bazine -tp. 

Beach  City .p.T. 

Beach  Glen h. 

Beach  Haven p.T, 

Beacon  Falls -tp. 

Beale tp, 

Beallsville p.h. 

Beallsville p.T. 

Beallsville p.T. 

Beaman p.T, 

Beamsville p.h. 

Bean  Blossom tp. 

Bear  Creek tp. 

Bear  Creek -tp. 

Bear  Creek tp. 


County. 


Jefferson 

Branch 

Genesee 

Genesee 

Clermont 

Clermont 

Saratoga 

Carroll , 

Greenville 

Lexington 

Independence 

Panola 

Camden 

Placer 

Mason 

Slason 

Franklin 

Cerro  Gordo 

Sagadahoc 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Freeborn 

Grafton- 

Grafton 

Rensselaer 

Steuben 

Steuben 

Beaufort 

Beaufort 

Allen 

Greene 

Summit 

Northampton 

Lafourche. 

E.  Baton  Rouge, 

Chester 

Washington 

Ida 

Ida 

Lincoln 

Calhoun 

Calhoun 

Ma'Jison 

McPherson 

Lander. 

Rock 

Wayne 

Elkhart 

Appling 

Hamilton 

Lac  Qui  Parle 

Cherokee 

Ottawa 

Columbiana 

Horry 

Pope 

Bay 

Bayfield 

Bayfield 

Hudson 

Ozark 

Terre  Bonne 

St.  Mary , 

Chicot 

Arkan-^as - 

West  Feliciana.., 

Suffolk - , 

Hancock 

Suffolk 

Washington 

Essex 

Milwaukee 

Chase 

Trumbull 

Knox 

Ness 

Stark 

Morris 

Luzerne 

New  HaveUM 

Juniata , 

Montgomery 

Monroe , 

Washington 

Grundy 

Darke , 

Monroe 

Christian , 

Hancock 

Jay 


State. 


Iowa.... 

Mich.,.. 

N.Y- 

N.  Y.. 

Ohio.. 

Ohio.. 

N.  Y, 

Mo.... 

S.  C... 

S.  C... 

Ark.- 

Misa 

N.  J 

Cal 

HI 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Me 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn  ,„ 
N.  H.... 
N.  H. 
N.Y- 
N.Y- 
N.Y- 
N.  C„ 
N.  C„ 
Ohio- 
Ohio- 
Ohio- 

Pa 

La 

La 

S.  C-.. 

N.Y- 

Iowa. 

Iowa. 

Kan- 

Mich.... 

Mich. 

Neb... 

Kan  - 

Nev.- 

Minn 

Ohio.. 

Ind... 

Ga 

Ind... 
Minn 
Kan  . 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 
S.  C- 

111 

Mich. 
Wig... 
Wis... 
N.  J.„ 
Mo ... 
La.... 
La..., 
Ark-. 
Ark... 
La..., 
N.  Y- 
Mlgg- 
N.Y. 
Minn 
Mass. 
Wis.- 
Kan., 
Ohio.. 
Neb.- 
Kan.. 
Ohio.. 
N.J.- 
Pa..,., 
Conn. 
Pa..., 
Md... 
Ohio- 
Pa.... 
Iowa., 
Ohio- 
Ind„. 

Ill 

Ill 

Iud.„ 


Population, 


1870.  j  1880, 


310l 
1,308 
6,485 
3,890 
3,334 
827 
216 


1,400, 


881 
227| 


2,124 
464 
676 


7,371 
1,126 


404 
1,168 


1,465 
6,236 


1,9 


1,255 

2,084 

1,034 

707 


6,498 
3,098 


1,188 
6,838, 


2,067 
749 


1,284 
509 
89 
886 


7,064 
344 


3,834 
480 


753 
306 
440 


1,200 
694 


364 
1,240 


1,039 


324 
297 


1,316 

720 

1,117 

1,247 


32S 

1,303 

7,.'J16 

4,843 

3,687 

1,015 

344 

1,824 

2,10S 

286 

1,204 

442 

114 

172 

1,541 

439 

751 

411 

7,874 

1,.3.')7 

270 

919 

1,032 

186 

2,046 

7,380 

3,183 

2,708 

89 

1,632 

2,593 

1,039 

698 

91 

7,197 

8,559 

142 

148 

205 

459 

1,051 

7,003 

123 

501 

622 

142 

2,473 

708 

110 

196 

483 

1,177 

509 

111 

1,270 

20,693 

664 

496 

9,372 

897 

194 

266 

708 

463 

710 

481 

1,978 

1,016 

1,252 

815 

2,852 

1,096 

1,400 

41 

731 

282 

195 

300 

379 

1,130 

108 

S9l 

S76 

201 

125 

1,3X7 

1,390 

1,188 

1,63T 


'  In  1875,  part  to  Albion. 
» In  1873,  part  to  Hamilton. 
17 


»  Since  1870,    area  much    re-      *  In  1S77,  part  to  Neuse  Creek. 


s  Since  1870,  part  to  Stenley. 


■^  jH«i'i/ij 


2^9 


POPULATION  OP  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Pl«o«. 


BMurCrMk>.........tp. 

Bwtr  Craek tp. 

Bear  Croek -tp. 

Be*r  Creek tp. 

B«ar  Creek-... ......tp. 

Bear  Creek tp. 

Bear  Creek tp. 

Bear  Creok p.tp. 

BennUtowu p.T. 

Beards  town „..r. 

Bearfleld ......tp. 

BearGnua tp. 

Bear  Gruve tp. 

Bear  Grove tp. 

Bear  Grove ....tp. 

Bpar  Ijftke tp. 

Bear  Lake tp. 

Bear  Lake p.v. 

Bear  I>ake p.b. 

Bear  Uivor  CJty_...p.T. 

Bear  Run r. 

Bear  Valley ....p.T. 

Bear  Valley r. 

Beoson p.T. 

Beatrice p.T. 

Seattle- ....p.T, 

Beattie'8  Ford p.h. 

BeattyTille ...p.T. 

Boaty tp. 

Beauford tp. 

Beaufort™ p.T. 

Beaufort tp. 

Beaufort.- p.T. 

Beau  Grand tp. 

Beauregard p.T. 

Beauvais  - tp. 

Beaver tp. 

Beaver. tp. 

Beaver. tp. 

Beaver. tp. 

Beaver. tp. 

Beaver tp. 

Beaver tp. 

Beaver ....tp. 

Beaver. ~^ tp. 

Beaver  * ~. tp. 

Beaver tp. 

Beaver. tp. 

Beaver tp. 

Beaver „.tp. 

Beaver tp. 

Beaver tp. 

Beaver t. 

Beaver tp. 

Beaver tp. 

Beaver tp. 

Beaver p.v, 

Beavor. tp. 

Beaver tp, 

Beaver tp, 

BeaTer ....tp, 

BeaTer ....p.T. 

Beaver ....p.b. 

Beaver. tp, 

Beaver tp, 

Beaver. tp. 

Beaver tp. 

BMTer tp. 

Beirver.. p.T. 

Beayer tp, 

Beaver  Bay tp. 

Beaver  City p.T, 

Beaver  City T, 

Beaver  Creek tp. 

Beaver  Creok... tp, 

Beaver  Creek- p.h, 

Beaver  Creek v. 

Beaver  Creek tp, 

Beaver  Creek tp. 

Beaver  Crossing.. ..p.h, 

Beaver  Dam p.h. 

Beaver  Dam ..,,tp. 

Beaver  Dam _..tp, 

Beavor  Dam tp, 

Beaver  Dam tp, 

Beaver  Dam ....tp. 

Beaver  Dam ...tp, 

Beaver  Dam „..p.T, 

Beaver  Dam c. 

Boaver  Dam tp, 

Beaver  Falls ....tp. 


Coanty. 


Poweahiek 

Emmett 

Henry 

Montgomery 

Chatham 

Luzerne 

Sauk.- 

Waupaca 

Can. 

Wood 

Perry 

Martin 

Fayette- 

Can 

Guthrie- 

Charlevoix 

ManiKtee 

Mnnistee 

Warren 

Box  Elder 

Schuylkill 

Mariposa 

North  umberland. 

Logan 

Gage 

Marshall 

Lincoln 

Lee 

Carroll 

Blue  Karth 

Carteret 

Beaufort 

Beaufort 

Cheboygan 

Copiah 

St.  Genevieve 

Iroquois 

Newton 

Pulaski 

Boone 

Butler 

Dallas 

Grundy , 

Guthrie 

Humboldt 

Polk 

Barton 

Cowley.- 

Decatur 

Lincoln 

Itepubllc 

Smith 

Plymouth 

Bay 

Newaygo.- 

Fillmore 

Winona 

Taney 

Mahoning 

Noble 

Pike 

Pike 

Beaver 

Clarion 

Columbia 

Crawford 

Jefferson 

Snyder „„ 

Beaver 

Clark- „ 

Lake.- 

Furnas , 

Clarion 

Crawford 

Kock,_ 

Bock 

Cumberland- 

Wilkes 

Greene 

Seward,- 

Ohio „.. 

Bntler 

Cherokee 

Cumberland 

Haywood.- 

Ttichniond 

Watauga 

Allen 

Dodge 

Dodge 

Benville 


State. 


Iowa,,. 
Mich.- 

Mo , 

Mo 

N.  0.,.. 

Pa 

Wis,-. 
Wis,-., 

Ill 

Ohio-, 
Ohio-. 
N.  0... 

Ill 

Iowa., 

Iowa., 

Mich., 

Mich,,,. 

Mich, 

Pa 

Utah, 
Pa.,.., 
Cal,,,. 
Pa,,,.. 

Ill 

Neb.. 
Kan,. 
N,0., 
Ky,.. 
Mo„, 
Minn ,., 
N.  O., 
8.  C- 
8.C.. 
Mich 
Miss,. 
Mo.... 
111-,,. 
Ind... 
Ind., 
Iowa.,.. 
Iowa.,,, 
Iowa. 
Iowa, 
Iowa.... 
Iowa, 
Iowa,.,, 
Kan. 
Kan, 
Kan. 
Kan., 
Kan.. 
Kan. 
Mass 
Mich 
Mich.,., 
Minn.., 
Minn 
Mo..„ 
Ohio- 
Ohio,, 
Ohio-.., 
Ohio.,.. 

Pa 

P» 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Utah.,. 

Wis 

Minn,,, 
Neb.,., 

Pa 

Mich... 
Minn.,. 
Minn,,. 
N.  0..„, 
N.  C„,., 
Ohio,,,, 
Neb .,.., 

Ky 

»Io 

N.  0..„, 
N.  0..„. 
N.  0-.„ 

N.  C 

N.  0-.,. 
Ohio,... 

Wis 

Wis  _.„ 
Minn,,, 


Population. 


1870.      18S0, 


1,852 
264 


2,200 

1,.H28 

i:« 

868 

4C2 

2,528 


001 


092 
163 
417 


123 


330 
2,430 
6,6H 
1,739 


315 

1,306 

1,278 

637 

489 

105 

1.084 

343 

401 

620 


1,213 


141 
142 

410 


681 
1,933 
1,684 

694 


1,120 

1,338 

958 

1,177 

1,094 

1,766 

1,207 

197 

119 


060 
2,289 


786 
703 


1,745 
6.35 
413 


3,265 

1,461 

669 


1,084 

2,763 

817 

2,811 

1,047 

159 

808 

084 

3,135 

311 

997 

766 

1,186 

744 

688 

386 

777 

236 

164 

340 

867 

150 

350 

121 

2,447 

270 

73 

146 

2,323 

598 

2,009 

7,892 

2,549 

694 

617 

1,722 

1,722 

898 

000 

640 

975 

755 

719 

1,300 

471 

1,372 

423 

718 

349 

472 

481 

1,302 

330 

.351 

197 

667 

86 

893 

2,150 

1,829 

750 

95 

1,178 

3,585 

1,221 

1,136 

1,113 

1,407 

1,732 

26.3 

106 

153 

278 

85 

483 

37 

197 

973 

2,470 

49 

146 

1,066 

1,222 

853 

1,563 

590 

648 

353 

3,410 

1,405 

685 


Place. 


Beaver  Falls p.T, 

Beaver  Falls p.b, 

Beaver  iHland tp. 

Beaver  Meadow p.h 

Beaver  Meadow  Mines,v 
Beaver  Meadows...p.T. 

Boavortown t, 

Beavertown p.T, 

Beaver  Valley t. 

Beccaria tp. 

Becker tp. 

Docket  - tp. 

Becket.- p.T. 

BockleysTille,- p.T, 

Beckville h, 

Beddington p.tp. 

Bedford tp. 

Bedford p.h, 

Bedford tp, 

Bedford p.T, 

Bedford p.v, 

Bedford p.T. 

Bedford tp, 

Bedford tp, 

Bedford p.T, 

Bedford tp. 

Bedford tp. 

Bedford p.v. 

Bedford ._,..p.tp. 

Bedford ,'„.tp. 

Bedford p.y. 

Bedford tp. 

Bedford tp. 

Bedford p.v. 

Bedford tp. 

Bedford tp. 

Bedford p.b. 

Bedford  Station p.v. 

Bedminster tp. 

Bedminster p.h, 

Bedminster p.tp, 

Beebo's  Corners v. 

Beebe  Station p.v. 

Bee  Branch tp. 

Beech  Creek p.tp. 

Beech  Creek tp. 

Beech  Creek tp. 

Beech  Creok tp. 

Beech  Creek p.b, 

Beechen  Hollow...  h. 

Beoclier  City p.v. 

Beech  Grove p.v. 

Beech  Spring tp. 

Beech  viile v. 

Bookman tp. 

Beekman p.T. 

Beekmantown tp. 

Bee  Ridge tp, 

Beorsheba  Springs.p.T, 

Beersville h. 

Beotown _ tp, 

Beetown p.T, 

Beeville p.T. 

Belchertown tp. 

Belchertown p.T. 

Beldon p.T, 

Belding p.T, 

Beldoc tp. 

Below  Creek tp. 

Belfast c, 

Belfast tp. 

Belfast tp, 

Belfast p,T, 

Belfast h. 

Belfast tp. 

Belfort p.h, 

Belgium t. 

Belgium p.tp. 

Belgrade tp, 

Belgrade,- p.h 

Belgrade.- tp, 

Belgrade,- tp, 

Belgrade p.y. 

Belgrade  Mills p.h 

Bel  Green p.v. 

Belknap tp. 

Belknap tp. 

Belknap p.h. 

Bell tp. 

Bell*. tp, 

BeU,..«.............~.tp, 


Connty. 


RenTllle „... 

BeaTer 

Stokes 

Chenango 

Carbon 

Carbon 

Bloiitgomery .... 

Snyder 

Forest 

Clearfield 

Sherburne 

Berkshire 

Berkshire 

Baltimore 

Montgomery  „,. 

Washington 

Cross,- 

Pike 

Wayne 

Lawrence- 

Taylor 

Trimble 

Middlesex 

Calhoun 

Calhoun 

Monroe- 

Lincoln 

Livingston 

Hillsborough.... 

Westchester 

M'estcliester 

Coshocton 

Cuyahoga 

Cuyahoga. 

Meigs 

Bedford 

Bedford 

Westchester 

Somerset 

Somerset 

Bucks 

Macomb 

White 

Chariton 

Ashley 

Clarke 

Greene 

Clinton 

Clinton .,. 

Saratoga 

Eftingham 

Cofifco 

Spartanburg 

Lapeer.— 

Dutchess 

Dutchess 

Clinton,- 

Knox 

Grundy- 

Northampton™, 

Gnint 

Grant 

Bee 

Hampshire 

Hampshire 

Wayne 

Ionia 

Barnwell 

Forsyth 

Waldo 

Murray 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Highland.- 

Fulton , 

LoM'is 

Jefferson 

Ozaukee 

Kennebec 

Kennebec 

Nicollet 

Washington , 

Washington 

Kennebec 

Franklin 

Pottawattamie,,, 

Presque  Isle 

Toung 

Reno 

Clearfield.- 

Jefferson 


State, 


Minn. 
Pa..„ 
N.  0„ 
N,Y„ 

Pa..„ 
Pa..., 
Ohio- 
Pa,,,, 
Pa.„, 
Pa.... 
Minn 
Moas. 
Moss. 
Md.... 
Ind.., 
Me,., 
Ark.„ 

111 

Ill 

Ind... 
Iowa.... 
Ky.. 
Mass 
Mich.,,, 
Mich, 
Mich. 
Mo  „.. 
Mo..,. 
N.  H , 
N.Y.. 
N.Y- 
Ohio„ 
Ohio- 
Oliio- 
Ohio- 
Pa..., 
l-a 

N.y.. 

N.  J- 
N.  J- 

Pa 

Mich, 
Ark,,, 
Mo  .„. 
Ark,„ 
Ark.„, 
Ind.... 

I'a 

Pa 

N,  Y- 

III 

Tenn. 
8.C..., 
Mich. 
N.  Y„. 
N.  Y.. 
N.  Y„ 
Mo ..,. 
Tenn , 

I'a 

Wis,.., 
Wis.-. 
Tex..., 
Mass., 
Mass., 
Mich., 
Mich.. 
S.C... 
N.  C. 
Me  ,„. 
Minn  , 
N.Y-. 
N.  Y... 
Ohio-. 

Pa 

N.  Y... 

Pa 

Wis.-. 

Me 

Me 

Minn , 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Ala.... 
Iowa.. 
Mich,. 

Tex 

Kan.., 

Pa 

Pa 


250 


Including  Brooklyn, 


»  In  1878,  part  to  Qay. 


•  In  1875,  part  to  Greenwood. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF   THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Bell tp. 

Bell  Air p.h, 

B«IIair tp. 

Bellaire p.T. 

Bellaire c. 

Bellbrook p.v. 

Bellbiickle p.T, 

Bell  Centre p.h, 

Belle  Centre p.v. 

Belle  Creek tp. 

Belle  Creek p.v. 

Bellefont p.v, 

Bellefontaino li. 

Bellefontaine p.v. 

Bellefonte p.v. 

Bellcfonte p.b. 

Belle  riain p.tp. 

Belle  Plain p.v. 

Belle  riain p.h. 

Belle  Plain p.v. 

Belle  Plaine tp. 

Belle  Plaine p,v. 

Belle  Plaine' tp. 

Belle  Plaine p,b. 

Belle  Plaino tp. 

Belle  Point p.h. 

Belle  Prairie tp. 

Belle  Prairie tp. 

Belle  Prairie p.tp, 

Belle  Kivcr tp. 

Belle  Union p.h. 

Belle  Vernon p.h. 

Belle  Vernon p.b, 

Belleview tp. 

Belleview p.h. 

Belleview .h. 

Belleview v. 

Be!  leview p.v. 

Belleview p.v, 

Belleville,. p.v. 

Belleville tp. 

Bollevillc c, 

Belleville tp. 

Belleville tp, 

Belleville p.v, 

Belleville p.v. 

Belleville p.v. 

Belleville^ tp. 

Belleville p.v, 

Belleville p.v. 

Belleville p.v, 

Belleville p.v, 

Belleville p.v. 

Bellevue h. 

Bellevue tp, 

Bellevue p.v. 

Bellevue tp, 

Bellevue p.v, 

Bellevue tp, 

Bellevue' tp, 

Bellevue p.v, 

Bellevue p.v, 

Bellevue b. 

Bellevue  < tp. 

Bell  Flower tp, 

Bellinghara tp, 

Bellmout p.v. 

Bellmen  t tp. 

Bellmoro p.v. 

Bellona p.v. 

Bellows  Falls p.v. 

Bell  Point v. 

Bellport p.v. 

Bell's tp. 

Bell's  Pepot p.v. 

Bell's  Mills p.h, 

Bellton p.v, 

Bollton p.h, 

Bellvale p.h. 

Bell  Valley p.v. 

Bell  view h. 

Bellville tp. 

Bellwood V, 

Bellwood p.v. 

Belmond p.T. 

Belmont p.v. 

Belmont p.y. 

Belmont tp. 

Belmont tp. 


Coanty. 

State. 

, .     ... 

Population. 

1870. 

1880. 

Westmoreland,,., 

Pa... 

Ill 

810 

1,064 

72 

780 

65 

8,025 
425 
298 
94 
434 

1,078 
200 
150 
69 

3,998 
296 

3,026 

1,055 

1,689 
109 
47 

1,664 
348 

1,054 
629 
735 
81 
708 
265 
991 
472 
69 
112 

1,164 

1,263 
62 
124 

1,460 

47 

136 

107 

388 

10,683 

1,262 
763 
238 
314 
380 

3,004 
462 
071 
268 
600 
218 
56 

2,525 

1,581 

2,057 
028 
240 

1,027 
211 

2,169 
915 
777 

1,282 

1,223 
350 
240 
129 
197 

2,229 
249 
297 

1,968 

640 

79 

229 

118 

179 

67 

90 

373 

237 

300 

497 

70 

202 

1,237 

1,250 

Iowa,... 
Mich.... 

665 

Ohio...., 

Olilo 

Tenn.... 

4,033 
369 

Bedford 

Crawford 

Wis 

Ohio 

Minn... 
Neb 

276 
820 

Washington 

Va 

Ind 

Ohio 

Ark 

8,182 

Pa 

Ill 

Iowa,,,, 
N,J 

2,655 
1,092 
1,488 

Callahan 

Tex 

Kan 

Kan 

Scott 

Minn  „. 
Minn,.,. 

Wis 

Ohio 

2,375 
497 
676 

Scott 

Ill 

Kan 

630 

Kush 

Minn... 
Minn... 
Ind 

344 
155 

Wyandot 

Ohio„... 

Pa_ 

Ill 

IIU 

906 

947 

Ky 

Ky 

61 

Mo 

Pa„ 

Ala 

San  Bernardino,., 
St,  Clair 

Cal 

Ill 

Kan-,.. 

56 
8,146 

Chautauqua 

Mich,,,. 

Nev 

Essex „ 

N.  J.„.„ 
N,  Y 

3,644 

Ohio 

Pa„ 

720 

Mifflin 

Wood 

W.  Va„ 
Dak 

Grand  Forks 

Iowa..., 
Iowa.,,. 
Mich.,.. 
Mich,.,. 
Minn  ,.. 

Mo 

Neb 

Ohio 

Pa 

Wis 

Ill 

Mass.... 
Ill 

2,402 
1,353 
1,985 
608 
92 
1,807 

"T,2T9 

384 

822 

659 

1,282 

Eaton 

Eaton 

Washington 

Norfolk 

Wabash 

Rooks 

Kan 

Ind 

Yates 

N,  Y 

Vt 

Ky 

N  Y  ,„ 

697 
91 

Suffolk 

Colleton 

S.  C 

1,361 

Pa 



Hall 

Oa  

W.  Va,., 
N  Y  .., 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pocahontas.- 

Fulton 

Iowa,,,, 
Ga 

Blair 

Pa 

Wright 

Iowa.... 
Ala 

327 

Sumter 

Cal 

Ill 

Iowa..., 

833 
1,048 

Warren,,.; 

Place. 


Belmont tp. 

Belmont tp. 

Belmont* tp. 

Belmont p.tp, 

Belmont ", tp, 

Belmont' p.tp, 

Belmont p,v, 

Belmont p,y. 

Belmont tp, 

Belmont p.v. 

Belmont p.v, 

Belmont tp, 

Belmont p.v, 

Belmont tp, 

Belmont p.y, 

Belmont tp, 

Bolmore p.v. 

Beloit p.v. 

Beloits tp, 

Beloit p.v. 

Beloit p.h, 

Beloit c. 

Beloit tp. 

Belpre tp, 

Belpre p,v, 

Belsano p.h. 

Belt  City h. 

Belton , y, 

Belton p.v. 

Belton tp. 

Belton p.v. 

Belton p.v. 

Beltzhoover b. 

Belvidere tp, 

Belvidere p.v, 

Belvidere tp, 

Belvidere tp. 

Belvidere tp. 

Belvidere .p.v, 

Belvidere p.v, 

Belvidere tp. 

Belvidere p.v, 

Belvidere p.tp. 

Belvidere* tp. 

Belvin tp, 

Belvue tp. 

Bement tp, 

Bement p.v. 

Bendersville p.v. 

Benderville v. 

Benedicta p,tp, 

Benezet tp, 

Benezet p.v. 

Bengal p.tp, 

Benicia tp. 

Benicia p.v, 

Benner". tp, 

Bennet  Spring tp. 

Bennett tp, 

Bennettsburg p.v, 

Bennett's  Landing,h, 

Bennett's  Mills p.h, 

Bennett's  Station. ..p.v, 
Bennett's  Switch...p.h, 

Bennettsville tp. 

Bennettsville p.v, 

Bennezette tp. 

Bennington p.b, 

Bennington tp, 

Bennington tp, 

Bennington tp, 

Bennington tp, 

Bennington tp. 

Bennington tp, 

Bennington p.v, 

Bennington tp, 

Bennington p.v. 

Bennington tp. 

Bennington tp, 

Bennington p.tp. 

Bennington  Centre  p.v. 
Bennington  Fur- 

nace p.v, 

Benona tp. 

Bensalem., p.tp, 

BenBcnville p.b. 

Benson p.v. 

Benson tp. 

Benson p.v. 


County. 


Kingman 

Phillips 

Woodson 

Waldo 

Middlesex 

Jackson 

Lewis  and  Clarke 

Nye 

Belknap 

Belknap 

Alleghany.... 

Franklin 

Belmont 

Lafayette 

Lafayette 

Portage 

Putnam 

Lyon 

Mitchell 

Mitchell 

Mahoning 

Rock 

Rock 

Washington,,, 
Washington,,. 

Cambria 

Meagher 

Banks 

Cass 

Anderson 

Anderson 

Bell 

Alleghany 

Boone 

Boone 

Monona 

Montcalm. 

Goodhue , 

Thayer , 

Warren 

Perqnimans.,,, 
Perquimans,,,. 

Lamoille 

Buffalo 

Pitt 

Pottawatomie 

Piatt 

Piatt 

Adams , 

Berks , 

Aroostook , 

Elk 

Elk 

Clinton 

Solano 

Solano 

Centre 

Barnwoll 

Kingman 

Schuyler 

Tunica 

Ocean 

Lancaster, 

Miami 

Marlborough.. 
Marlborough.. 

Butler 

Bear  Lake,.., 

Marshall 

Black  Hawk,.. 

Ottawa 

Shiawassee 

Mower 

Hillsborough,, 
Hillsborough,, 

Wyoming , 

Wyoming 

Licking 

Morrow 

Bennington.,  . 
Bennington..,, 


Blair , 

Oceana.-,., 

Bucks 

Du  Page ... 
Woodford., 

Swift 

Swift 


State. 


Kan- 

Kan,..„ 

Kan 

Me.. 

Mass.... 

Minn .. 

Mont ., 

Nev 

N.  H-.. 
N.H-.. 
N.  Y,... 
N,  Y„., 
Ohio-.. 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Ohio.,., 
Iowa,,, 
Kan  ,... 
Kan  -., 
Ohio.,,. 

Wis 

Wis 

Ohio..,, 
Ohio,,,, 

Pa 

Mont  „ 

Ga 

Mo 

S.C 

S.C 

Tex 

Pa 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa... 
Mich.,., 
Minn  ,.. 

Neb 

N.  J 

N,  C 

N,C 

Vt 

Wis 

N.  C 

Kan 

Ill 

HI 

Pa 

Pa. 

Me 

Pa- 

Pa 

Mich..., 

Cal 

Cal 

Pa 

S.C 

Kan 

N.Y 

Miss 

N,J,-,.. 

Neb 

Ind 

S.C 

S.C 

Iowa.,.. 
Idaho... 
HI,..,,... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Mich.,,, 
Minn,,, 

N.  H 

N.  H 

N.Y 

N.Y 

Ohio.,.,. 

Ohio 

Vt 

Vt- 


Pa 

Mich,. 

Pa 

Ill 

Ill 

Minn.. 
Miun,. 


Popniation. 


1870.     1880, 


622 

628 

1,513 

625 


1,105 


795 
1,619 

287 
1,303 


608 
261 


4,396 
743 

2,462 
911 


1,304 

""281 


4,410 
3,231 

272 
54 

620 


1,882 
2,403 


369 

632 

2,151 


1,471 


413 
902 


1,086 
1,056 


1,362 
1,742 


1,736 
""2O6 


1,020 
664 


1,424 
257 
401 


2,385 


907 

899 

6,760 


6.37 
2,353 


502 
613 
557 
620 

1,615 
369 
225 
284 

1,228 
612 
804 

2,098 
319 

1,244 
410 
635 
445 
191 

2,793 

1,835 
162 

4,790 
707 

2,636 
901 
60 
30 
229 
662 

2,181 
314 

1,797 
664 

3,940 

2,951 
304 
625 
950 
204 

1,773 

2,628 

91 

400 

723 

2,593 
734 

2,0.30 
963 
331 
6« 
802 
836 
297 

1,296 

2,067 

1,794 

1,282 

2,079 
185 
113 
19 
61 
214 
60 

8,171 
343 
627 
162 
904 
812 
832 

1,472 
641 
44.' 
282 

2,365 
102 
884 
936 

6,33:1 
176 

954 
877 
2,217 
136 
287 
406 
456 


>  In  1870,  Including  Belle  Plaine 

borough, 
•Since  1871  area  reduced. 


»  In  1876,  part  to  Belgrade, 

*  In  1874,  part  to  Allouez. 

*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


•  In  1880,  part  to  Cambridge. 
'  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 
«  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


•  In  1872,  part  to  Lincoln. 
U  In  1876,  part  to  Colleg*. 

£51 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PUc<k 


B«ason..... p.tp. 

Beaton..^ ....tp. 

nraion^ ^.p.r. 

Bontley tp. 

Bentley p.h 

BentloyTiUa. p.r, 

Bentou p.r. 

B«ntoD  1  „ tp. 

Benton p.r, 

Donton tp. 

B«nton p.T, 

Benton tp. 

Benton tp. 

Benton p.r, 

Benton tp, 

Benton tp. 

Benton tp. 

Benton tp, 

Benton tp. 

Benton tp. 

Benton ....tp. 

Benton tp. 

Benton  * tp. 

Benton„ tp. 

Benton p.tp. 

Benton p.T. 

Benton p.r. 

Benton tp. 

Benton  * tp. 

Benton tp. 

Benton ,. tp. 

Benton tp. 

Benton p.b. 

Benton p.T. 

Benton.. tp. 

Benton„ tp. 

Benton tp. 

Benton tp. 

Benton tp. 

Benton tp. 

Benton tp. 

Benton tp. 

Benton tp. 

Bentou  * tp. 

Beutou  * tp. 

Benton* tp. 

Benton  T ; tp. 

Benton tp. 

Bonton tp. 

Benton tp. 

Benton p.b. 

Bentou tp. 

Benton„ tp. 

Benton p.tp. 

Benton „tp. 

Benton r. 

Benton tp. 

Benton p.h. 

Benton tp. 

Benton tp. 

Benton tp. 

Benton tp. 

Benton tp. 

Benton p.T. 

Benton tp. 

Benton t. 

Benton ^ p.r. 

Benton tp, 

Benton p.T. 

Benton  Centre p.T. 

Benton  City p.b. 

Benton  Falls p.b. 

Benton  Harlwr p.T, 

Benton  Bidgo p.T, 

Bentonsport p.T. 

Bentonville p.T. 

Bentonville p.T. 

BentouTille tp. 

Bentonville p.T. 

Bentonville p.T. 

Ben  Wade tp. 

Benzinger tp. 

Benzonia tp. 

Beowawe p.h. 

Bordan p.v. 

Berea p.r. 

Berea p.r. 

Bergen p.h. 

Bergen.. p.tp. 


Oonaty. 


nainlltoii.,^. 

Rutland 

Butland 

Conway- 

Hancock 

Washington,.,. 

Saline. „..., 

Mono.. 

Mono 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Lake 

Elkhart. , 

Klkhart 

Monroo_ , 

Benton 

Caaa 

Dog  Moines 

Fremont. 

Keokuk..  > 

Lucas 

Binggold 

Taylor 

Wayne 

Butler 

Marshall 

Bossier 

Kennebec 

Berrien 

Cheboygan 

Eaton 

Carver 

Carver 

Yazoo 

Adnir 

Andrew 

Atchison 

Cedar 

Christian 

Crawford 

Dallas 

Daviess 

Donglas 

Holt 

Howell  .„ 

Knox 

Linn 

Newton 

Osage 

Polk 

Scott 

Wayne 

Webster 

Grafton 

Yates 

Crawford 

Hocking 

Holmes.- 

Monroe 

Ottawa 

Paulding 

Pike 

Columbia....... 

Columbia 

Lackawanna.,, 
Lackawanna... 

Polk 

Lafayette 

Lafaj-ette.- 

Yates 

Audrain 

Kennebec- , 

Berrien 

Hancock , 

Van  Buren 

Benton 

Fayette.- 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Adams 

Pope 

Elk 

Benzie 

Eureka.- 

Greene 

Madison 

Cuyahoga- 

Mercer ™... 

McLeod 


Bute. 


N.  Y.. 

Vt 

Vt 

Ark.- 

111 

P» 

Ark-.. 
Cal.... 

Cal 

Ill 

HI 

HI 

lnd.„, 

Ind..., 

Ind.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa... 

I<nva... 

Iowa... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Ky 

La 

Me 

Mich... 
Mich... 
Mich... 
Minn ... 
Minn ... 

Miss 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Bio 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Bio 

Bio 

BIo 

BIo. 

BIo 

BIo 

Bio 

BIo 

BIo 

BIo 

BIo 

N.II 

N.Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Tenn.... 

Wis 

Wis 

N.  Y 

BIo 

Me 

Mich.... 

Ohio 

Iowa.... 

Ark 

Ind 

N.  C 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Blinn ... 

Pa. 

Blich.... 

Nev 

Ill- 

Ky 

Ohio 

Ky 

Minn ... 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


320 
1,244 


84 


1,458 
615 
C40 

1,188 
20:i 
867 
601 


1,19; 

9()4 
1,309 

096 

367 
1,055 

862 


1,180 
3,116 


1,355 

1,297 


3,36a 


080 
1,130 

627 
1,184 
2,0.55 
1,199 

379 
2,226 

809 
1,602 

696 

908 
2,513 
1,650 

1,291 
708 
375 

2,422 


1,448 
99 

987 
1,152 

404 
1,119 
1,053 


1,055 


2.50 
1,723 


661 


922 


310 

240 

1,030 

214 


1,628 
'"688 


402 

1,104 

213 

362 

117 

2a3 

452 

160 

1,54 

2,419 

984 

692 

1,557 

198 

925 

651 

698 

1,271 

1,119 

1,082 

713 

760 

2,468 

856 

697 

277 

113 

1,173 

2,139 

2,792 

1,783 

1,262 

97 

180 

4,229 

1,920 

709 

1,643 

055 

1,134 

2,384 

1,875 

753 

2,025 

1,274 

843 

1,019 

1,437 

2,943 

1,726 

109 

1,660 

1,055 

378 

2,413 

173 

1,628 

140 

937 

2,712 

798 

1,474 

1,062 

191 

1,148 

69 

183 

1,519 

254 

144 

64 

110 

1,230 

179 

305 

696 

147 

1,070 

27 

289 

494 

1,976 

322 

62 

100 

680 

1,082 

150 

1,022 


Place. 


Bergen tp. 

Bergen p.v. 

Bergen tp. 

Bergen ji.tp. 

Bergcr p.v. 

Derkuley v. 

Berkeley  Sprlngs...p.T. 

Berkley p.tp, 

Berkley tp. 

Berkley  IIeigbts....p.h. 

Borksbiro t. 

Berkshire p.r. 

Berksliiro tp. 

Berkshire tp. 

Berkshire p.tp. 

Berlamont p.T. 

Berlin v. 

Berlin p.tp. 

Berlin tp. 

Berlin p.T. 

Berlin tp. 

Berlin p.T. 

Berlin t. 

Berlin p.T, 

Berlin tp. 

Berlin p.v, 

Berlin tp, 

Berlin tp. 

Berlin p.T. 

Berlin tp. 

Berlin p.tp, 

Berlin p.h, 

Berlin tp. 

Berlin p.v. 

Berlin tp. 

Berlin p.r, 

Berlin tp. 

Berlin tp. 

Berlin tp. 

Berlin ..p.T. 

Berlin t. 

Berlin tp. 

Berlin tp. 

Berlin t. 

Berlin p.b. 

Berlin tp, 

Berlin tp. 

Berlin p.h, 

Berlin... o. 

Berlin tp. 

Berlin' tp. 

Berlin  Heights p.v. 

Bermuda  Ilundred.v. 

Bern tp. 

Bern tp. 

Beruadotto .....tp. 

Bernadotte p.v. 

Beruadotte p.tp. 

Bernalillo p.v. 

Bernards tp. 

Bornardston tp. 

Bernardsville p.h. 

Berne t. 

Berne tp. 

Berne ..tp. 

Berne p.h. 

Bombard's  Bay p.h. 

Bernville p.b. 

Berreman. tp. 

Berrien tp. 

Berrien  Springs p.T. 

Berry tp. 

Berrysburg p.b. 

Berry's  Station p.v, 

Berryvale p.h. 

Berry  ville p.v, 

Bertiia tp. 

Bertram tp. 

Bertram p.v, 

Bert  rand tp. 

Bert  rand p.T, 

Bertnind p.h, 

Bertrandville T. 

Berwick tp. 

Berwick p.r. 

Berwick p.v. 

Berwick tp. 

Berwick p.T. 

Berwick tp. 


County. 


Genesee 

Genesee 

Marathon  -... 

Vernon 

Franklin 

Providence... 

Blorgan 

Bristol 

Ocean 

Gloucester.... 

Fairfield. 

Berkshire-... 

Tioga 

Delaware 

Franklin 

Van  Buren... 
Chambers  «... 

Hartford 

Bureau 

Sangamon  „., 

Clinton 

Bracken 

Frederick-.,, 

AVorcester 

Worcester 

Worcester..... 

Ionia 

Blonroe 

Ottawa 

St.  Clair 

Steele 

Gentry 

Coos 

Camden 

Rensselaer... , 
Rensselaer..., 

Delaware 

Erie 

Holmes 

Holmes 

Jackson- 

Knox 

Blahoning 

Shelby 

Somerset 

Wayne 

Wasbington- 
Washington- 
Green  Luke.- 
Groen  Lake.- 

Blarathon 

Erie 

Chesterfield... 

Athens 

Berks 

Fulton 

Fulton , 

Nicollet 

Bernalillo 

Somerset 

Franklin 

Somerset 

Bear  Lake 

Albany 

Fairfield 

Berks 

Oswego 

Berks 

Jo  Daviess..., 

Berrien 

Berrien 

Dane 

Dauphin 

Harrison 

Siskiyou 

Carroll 

Todd 

Linn 

Linn 

Berrien 

Berrien 

Mississippi..... 
Plaquemines., 

Warren 

Warren 

St.  Mary's 

York 

York 

Adams 


State. 


N.Y 

N.Y 

Wis 

Wis 

Mo 

R.  I 

W.  Va.- 

Blass.,... 

N.  J 

N.J 

Conn.... 

Blass.... 

N.  Y 

Ohlo„,.. 

Vt 

Blich.... 

Ala 

Conn.... 

HI 

IU-. 

Iowa.... 

Ky.. 

Bid.. 

Md.. 

Blass 

Mass. 

Mich.... 

Blich.... 

Blich. 

Mich.... 

Blinn 

BIo..., 

N.H 

N.  J.. 

N.Y. 

N.Y.. 

Ohio. 

Ohio. 

Ohio. 

Ohio.. 

Ohio.. 

Ohio. 

Ohio., 

Ohio.. 

Pa 

Pa 

Vt 

Vt 

Wis... 
Wis... 
Wis... 
Ohio.. 
Va.... 
Ohio- 
Pa 

Ill 

III..... 
Blinn 
N.  SIe.x. 
N.  J.... 
Blass... 

N.  J 

Idaho.. 

N.Y 

Ohio.... 

Pa. 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Ill 

Blich.... 
Blich..., 

Wis 

Pa 

Ky 

Cal 

Ark 

Blinn .., 
Iowa..., 
Iowa..., 
Mich.... 
Blich.... 

BIo 

La 

Ill 

HI 

La 

Me 

Ble 

Pa 


»  In  1878,  part  to  Lake. 

*  Including  town  of  Bedford. 

252 


*  In  1880,  exclasive  of  Benton 
Harbor. 


*  In  1874,  parts  to  Hickory  and 

Liberty. 

*  In  1874,  part  to  South  Fork. . 


•  In  1872,  part  to  Colony. 
T  In  1871,  part  to  Grantsville, 
»  In  1876,  part  to  Hamburg. 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  KETUKNS  OP   1870  AND  1880  COMPAKED. 


Place. 


Connty. 


Berwick b. 

Berwick pb. 

Berwyn P-b. 

Bctbalto p.v. 

Bethaiiia tp. 

Bethiinia p.v. 

Bethany  I p.tp. 

Betlmny p.h. 

Bethany tp. 

Bethany tp. 

Bethany* tp. 

Bethiiny p.v. 

Bethany tp. 

Bethany p.T. 

Betlmny tp. 

Bethany p.v. 

Bethany p.b. 

Bethany p.v. 

Bethany  Church... p.h. 

Bethel tp. 

Bethel p.v. 

Bethel p.v. 

Bethel -.tp. 

Bethel p.v. 

Bethel tp. 

Bethel p.v. 

Bethel tp. 

Bethel p.h. 

Bethel tp. 

Bethel p.tp 

Bethel* p.tp. 

Bethel tp. 

Bethel p.v. 

Bethel tp. 

Bethel tp. 

Bethel p.v. 

Bethel tp. 

Bethel tp. 

Bethel p.v. 

BetJiel tp. 

Bethel tp. 

Bethel tp. 

Bethel p.tp. 

Bethel tp. 

Bethel tp. 

Bethel _ tp. 

Bethel b. 

Bethel tp. 

Bethel p.h. 

Bethel _.tp. 

Bethel p.v. 

Bethesda tp. 

Bethia tp. 

Bethlehem p.tp, 

Bethlehem tp. 

Bethlehem tp. 

Bethlehem p.h. 

Bethlehem tp. 

Bethlehem tp. 

Bethlehem tp. 

Bethlehem tp. 

Bethlehem tp. 

Bethlehem tp. 

Bethlehem tp. 

Bethlehem p.b. 

Bettsville p.v. 

Beulah p.h. 

Beulah tp. 

Beulah h. 

Beulah  ville p.h. 

Beverly tp. 

Beverly tp. 

Beverly tp. 

Beverly p.v. 

Beverly p.v. 

Beverly p.v. 

Bevier „ tp. 

Bevier „.p.v, 

Bewleyville p.v. 

Bexar p.h. 

Bible  Grove tp. 

Bicknell p.v. 

Bicknellsville h. 

Biddeford c. 

Bidwell tp. 

Big  Beaver^ tp. 

Big  Beaver. tp. 

Big  Bond tp. 

Big  Bend tp. 

Big  Bend. tp. 


Adama..- 

Columbia.-.. 

Chester , 

Madison 

Forsyth 

Forsyth 

New  Haven. 

Moultrie 

Osborne 

Gratiot 

Ilarriaon 

Harrison 

Genesee 

Genesee 

Iredell 

Butler 

Wayne 

Brooke 

Iredell 

Fairfield 

Fairfield 

Sussex 

McDonough 

Morgan 

Posey 

Wayne- 

Fayette 

Bath 

Oxford 

Branch 

Anoka 

Shelby I  Mo 

Shelby Mo 


Pa... 
Pa.... 
Pa.... 
111.... 
N.  0, 
N.  C, 
Conn.... 

Ill 

Kan...., 
Mich... 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y.... 

N.  y.... 

N.  0„.. 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

W.  Va . 
N.  C... 
Conn... 
Conn... 

Del 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa ... 

Ky 

Mo 

Mich... 
Minn .. 


Sullivan., 

Bladen 

Pitt 

Perquimans..... 

Clark 

Clermont 

Miami 

Monroe 

Armstrong 

Berks 

Delaware 

Fulton 

Lebanon , 

Mercer 

York 

Giles 

Windsor 

Windsor 

York 

Marion 

Litchiield 

Cass 

Clarke 

Henry 

Henry 

Grafton 

Hunterdon 

Albany 

Coshocton ., 

Stark 

Northampton- 
Northampton.., 

Seneca 

Crawford 

Johnson 

Johnson , 

Duplin , 

Adams 

Essex 

Burlington 

Burlington , 

Wa.shington.... 

Randolph , 

Macon 

Macon 

Breckenridge.., 

Marion 

Clay 

Knox 

St.  Lawrence.., 

York 

Butte 

Beaver 

Lawrence 

Republic 

Chippewa 

Chippewa 


Population, 


1870.      1880, 


N.Y.. 
N.  0». 
N.  C... 
N.  C„. 
Ohio ., 
Ohio.. 
Ohio., 
Ohio.. 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa , 

Pa 

Pa 

8.  0... 
Tenn. 

Yt 

Vt...... 

s.c... 
s.  c... 

Conn. 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Ky... 
Mo... 
N.  H. 
N.  J... 
N.Y.. 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 
Pa..... 
Pa..... 

Ohio 

Kan 

N.  C 

N.  C 

N.  C 

Ill 

Mass.... 

N.  J 

N.  J 

Ohio 

W.  Va.. 

Mo 

Mo  

Ky 

Ala 

Ill 

Ind 

N.  Y 

Me 

Cal 

Pa 

Pa. 

Kan„... 
Minn ... 
Wis. 


825 
923 


67 
1,162 


1,462 
2,16U 


1,652 


2,311 


1,040 


405 


2,286 

1,511 

216 

1,224 


2,736 


1,128 
3,086 
634 
1,801 
1,284 


2,285 
654 
8G1 

2,272 


2,330 
"i',8i7 


2,997 
767 
750 
993 
763 


998 
2,211 
6,950 

850 
2,148 
2,230 
4,512 


1,105 


1,173 
6,507 
2,438 
1,418 
814 


1,531 
833 


10,282 

337 

1,559 

1,406 


368 

2,095 

158 

6>S 

1,346 

105 

637 

269 

694 

1,715 

2.118 

994 

1,671 

87 

810 

130 

181 

335 

98 

2,727 

1,767 

298 

1,399 

111 

572 

132 

660 

79 

2,077 

1,511 

423 

1,343 

184 

2,562 

833 

127 

1,653 

3,131 

682 

1,854 

1,165 

871 

2,329 

689 

938 

2,.332 

151 

2,572 

153 

1,693 

482 

3,681 

1,438 

655 

1,163 

798 

67 

1,380 

1,400 

2,830 

3,752 

836 

2,304 

2,282 

6,193 

615 

44 

1,481 

60 

32 

1,132 

8,456 

3,128 

1,759 

834 

235 

2,135 

867 

120 

37 

1,044 

298 

184 

12,651 

698 

1,437 

1,645 

1,085 

471 

231 


Place. 


County. 


Big  Creek tp. 

Big  Creek tp. 

Big  Creek tp. 

Big  Creek tp. 

Big  Creek tp. 

Big  Creek tp. 

Big  Creek* tp. 

Big  Creek tp. 

Big  Creek tp. 

Bigelow tp. 

Bigelow p.v, 

Bigelow tp. 

Bigelow p.v. 

Big  Flat p.tp. 

Big  Flats tp. 

Big  Flats p.tp. 

Bigger tp. 

Big  Grove tp. 

Big  Grove tp. 

Big  Grove tp. 

Biggs'  Station p.v. 

Biggsville p.v. 

Big  Hole v. 

Big  Island tp. 

Big  Lake' tp. 

Big  Laurel tp. 

Bigler h. 

Big  Lick tp. 

Big  Lick p.h. 

Big  Lick tp. 

Big  Lick  (Roanoke)  p.v. 

Big  Meadows v. 

Big  Mine  Run v. 

Big  Mound tp. 

Big  Oak  Flat p.v. 

Big  Patch p.h. 

Big  Prairie p.tp. 

Big  Prairie tp. 

Big  Rapids c. 

Big  Rapids tp. 

Big  River tp. 

Big  River tp. 

Big  River tp. 

Big  Rock tp. 

Big  Rock p.v. 

Big  Run p.v. 

Big  Spring p.tp. 

Big  Spring p.v. 

Big  Spring tp. 

Big  Springs v. 

Big  Springs p.h. 

Big  Springs p.h. 

Big  Stone tp. 

Big  Stone  City p.v. 

Big  Timber tp. 

Billerica tp. 

Billerica p.v. 

Billings tp. 

Billings p.h. 

Billingsville p.v. 

Biloxi p.v. 

Bingen - p.v. 

Bingham tp. 

Bingham tp. 

Bingham p.v. 

Bingham tp. 

Bingham tp. 

Bingham tp. 

Bingham tp. 

Bingham tp. 

Bingham  Lake p.v. 

Bingham's  Mill8...b. 

Binghamton c. 

Binghamton tp. 

Birch  Cooloy p.tp. 

Birch  Creek h. 

Birchdale tp. 

Birch  Hill v. 

Birch  Run tp. 

Birch  Tree p.tp. 

Birch  ville v. 

Bird tp. 

Bird  Island tp. 

Bird  Island p.v. 

Birdsall p.tp. 

Birdsborough p.b. 

Birdville _ p.h. 

Birkner p.v. 

Birmingham „..p.v. 

Birmingham p.b. 


Craighead , 

White , 

Black  Hawk 

Ellis 

Neosho- 

Russell , 

Cass , 

Henry 

Taney 

Nobles 

Nobles 

Holt , 

Holt 

Baxter 

Chemung.- 

Adams 

Jennings- 

Kendall 

Benton 

Johnson 

Butte 

Henderson 

Beaver  Head... 

Marion 

Sherburne 

Madison 

Clearfield 

Stanley 

Stanley 

Hancock 

Roanoke 

Plumas 

Schuylkill 

Wayne 

Tuolumne , 

Grant 

Newaygo , 

New  Madrid..., 

Mecosta 

Mecosta 

Mendocino 

Jefferson 

St.  Francois.... 

Kane 

Scott 

Jefi'erson 

Shelby 

Breckenridge., 

Seneca 

Crawford 

Douglas , 

Logan , 

Big  Stone 

Grant 

Bush 

Middlesex 

Middlesex 

Gladwin 

Christian 

Union 

Harrison , 

Northampton.. 

Hancock 

Somerset 

Somerset 

Clinton- 

Huron , 

Leelenaw 

Orange 

Potter , 

Cottonwood .... 

Columbia 

Broome 

Broome 

Renville 

Umatilla , 

Todd 

Kent 

Saginaw 

Shannon  

Nevada. 

Macoupin 

Renville 

Renville 

Alleghany 

Berks. 

Tarrant. 

St.  Clair. 

Jefferson 

New  Haven.... 


Population. 


Ark. 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Minn ... 
Minn ... 
Mo 

Mo 

Ark 

N.  Y 

Wis 

Ind 

HI 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Cal  

Ill 

Mont.... 

Ohio 

Minn ... 

N.O 

Pa. 

N.  0 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Va 

Cal 

Pa. 

Ill 

Cal 

Wis 

Mich..., 

Mo 

Mich... 

Mich... 

Cal 

Mo 

Mo 

Ill 

Iowa. .. 

Pa 

Ill 

Ky 

Ohio 

Ind 

Kan-... 

Ohio 

Minn ... 

Dak 

Kan 

Mass.... 

Mass.... 

Mich.... 

Mo 

Ind 

Miss 

Pa 

Iowa.... 

Me 

Me 

Mich.... 

Mich.... 

Mich.... 

N.  0 

Pa 

Minn... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Minn ... 

Oregon . 

Minn... 

R.  I 

Mich.... 

Mo 

Cal 

Ill 

Minn ... 

Minn ... 

N.  T 

Pa. 

Tex 

Ill 

Ala 

Conn.... 


487 

684 

1,394 


1,077 


1,(397 

1,390 

267 


1,902 
89 

945 
1,726 

856 
1,358 


940 
671 


1,354 


1,179 


1,108 


403 
1,089 
1,237 

465 
1,911 
2,0.33 

436 

829 


206 
1,755 

134 
2,084 


1,833 


826 


2,910 
441 
637 

1,604 
773 


12,692 

2,066 

603 


925 
312 


2,103 


625 
787 

1,655 

1,390 

1,036 
846 
911 

1,038 
656 
216 
28 

1,395 
190 
281 

1,989 
158 

1,106 

1,604 
833 

1,363 
95 
358 
104 

1,226 

330 

428 

99 

1,714 
99 

1,261 
669 
300 
371 

1,053 
73 
49 
672 

1,135 

3,6.'i2 
549 

,3,125 

2,135 

875 

963 

09 

240 

1,981 
85 

2,048 
187 
39 
61 
227 
376 
277 

2,000 
348 
144 
129 
120 

1,540 
172 
42 
828 
327 

3,602 
969 

1,333 

1,901 

832 

44 

123 

17,317 

2,5.55 
681 
76 
266 
325 

1,60C 
509 
182 

1,004 
637 
289 
890 

1,705 

bS 

239 

8,086 

3,026 


'  In  1871,  part  to  Beacon  Fall*. 
*  In  1874,  area  changed. 


*  In  1871,  part  to  Linwood. 


*  In  1870,  inclading  New  Gali- 
lee.    ■■iUn^i  ti^f  ,'■ 


»  In  1873,  part  to  Riiymore. 
•  In  1875,  part  to  Orrock. 
263 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PUw*. 


Binpinghnm ....tp. 


....p.t. 

pl>- 

P.»- 

pv. 

....p.T. 
.p.h. 


Biituiiigham 

BiniiliiKlium 

BirmiiiKliain... 

Uirmliit;liain... 

Biruiiii|;l>uin  .. 

Bii'iuinKliani... 

Birmiiii^hiini v 

BimitiiKliam p.T. 

BirmiiiKl>a>i> tp. 

BiriiiiiighHm tp. 

Binniiit;hani p.b. 

BUliop — tp. 

BUbop  Creek p.r. 

Biabop  Hill p.T. 

BUIiopville.^ tp. 

BUhopville. p.h. 

BUmarck_ p.T. 

Bigiuarck» p.T. 

Bismarck p.h. 

Bismarck tp. 

BUuiarck.. tp. 

Blgniarck.. p.T. 

BIsDiarck p.T. 

Block  1 tp. 

Blackberry p.tp, 

Blackberry  Station.p.T. 

Blackbird h. 

Blackburn p.h. 

Blackburn p.T. 

Black  Brook tp. 

Black  Brook* p.tp. 

Black  Creek tp. 

Black  Creek p.T. 

Black  Creek tp. 

Black  Creek p.h. 

Black  Creek tp. 

Black  Creek tp. 

Black  Creek tp. 

Black  Creek*. tp. 

Black  Earth tp. 

Blackt'oot  City p.T. 

Bluck  Hammer.„...tp. 

Black  Hawk p.T. 

Black  Hawk tp. 

Black  Hawk tp. 

Black  Hawk tp. 

Black  Hawk tp. 

Block  Jack tp. 

Black  Jack  GroTe..p.T. 

Blackleygville p.T. 

Black  Lick tp. 

Black  Lick tp. 

Black  Lick  Station.p.T. 

Blackman tp. 

Black  Mountain.  ...p.tp. 

Black  Oak tp. 

Black  Oak p.h. 

Black  Oak  Point  ...p.h. 

Black  River p.h. 

Black  Biver tp. 

Black  River< tp. 

Black  Kiver* tp. 

Black  lUver .p.T. 

Block  River. tp. 

Black  River tp. 

Block  River tp. 

Block  River tp. 

Black  River  Falll...p.T. 

Black  Rock. p.h. 

Blacksburg „...p.T. 

Black8hear.„...  ....  p.T. 

Black  Sprioga p.h. 

Black's  Station ph. 

Black's  Station p.b. 

Black  Stocks tp. 

Block  Stocks p.T. 

Blackstone p.T. 

Blackstone tp. 

Blackstone p.T. 

Blocksville p.v. 

Black  Valley.- t. 

Blackville tp. 

Blackville p.T. 

Black  water p.tp. 

Black  water* tp. 

Blockwater' tp, 

Black  Wolf. tp 

Bladen  8 p.tp. 


Cona^i 


Schuyler , 

Schuyler , 

Miami 

Von  Buren 

Marshall 

Oakland 

Lee 

Essex  _ 

Erie 

Chester 

Delaware 

Huntingdon 

Efflngham 

Inyo 

Henry 

Sumter 

Sumter 

Burleigh 

Vermilion 

Clayton 

Presque  Isle...... 

Sibley 

St.  Francois....... 

Lebanon.^.... 

Posey 

Kane 

Kone 

New  Castle 

Union 

Saline 

Clinton 

Polk ^ 

ShelbT „. 

AUeghony 

Wilson 

Wilson 

Mercer 

Lu/erne 

Lexington 

Oatagamie 

Dane 

Deer  Lodge 

Houston 

Gilpin 

Rock  Island 

Block  Hawk 

Grundy 

JefTerson 

Richmond 

Hopkins 

Wayne 

Cambria 

Indiana 

Indiana. 

Jackson 

Buncombe 

Mahaska 

Caldwell 

Hickory 

Alcona 

Butler 

Reynolds 

Wayne 

Jefferson 

Cumberland 

Ilornett 

Lorain 

Georgetown 

Jackson 

Fairfield 

Montgomery 

Pierce 

Montgomery 

Yolo 

York.. 

Chester.- 

Chester...... 

Livingston 

Worcester. 

Worcester 

Monongalio- 

Schuykill.- 

Barnwell „ 

Barnwell 

Cooper 

Pettis 

Saline 

Winnebago 

Bladen 


8Ut«. 


HI 

111 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Ky 

Mich.... 
Mis*-... 
N.  Y-... 
Ohio-.., 

Pa 

Pa- 

Pa 

Ill 

Cal , 

III 

S.C 

8.C 

Dak 

Ill 

Iowa..., 
Mich.... 
Blinn .., 

Mo 

Pa , 

Ind 

HI 

Ill 

Del 

Ky 

Mo 

N.Y-.. 
Wis  .... 

Mo 

N.  Y„.. 

N.  C 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Pa. 

S.C 

Wis 

WU 

Mod 

Minn .. 

Col 

Ill 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 
luwa... 

N.C 

Tex 

Ohio-.. 

Pa 

Pa , 

Pa 

Slich..., 

N.C 

Iowa... 

Mo , 

Mo 

Mich..., 

Mo 

Mo. 

Mo 

N.  Y„.. 
N.C-... 

N.C 

Ohio-.. 

S.  C 

Wis 

Conn..., 

Va 

Go 

Ark .... 

Cal 

S.C 

S.C... 

S.C 

III....... 

Mass... 
Mass... 
W.  Va.. 

I'a 

S.  C... 

S.  C 

Mo. 

Mo. 

Mo 

Wis.-.. 
N.C-.. 


Fopniatlon. 


1870.      1880. 


1,253 


626 
322 


450 
765 
263 
664 


1,701 


6,291 
1,173 


3,561 

323 

1,418 


1,474 

77 

1,087 

669 

474 

628 

066 

499 

709 

1,068 

1,723 

716 

396 

1,019 

709 


646 
1,016 


1,470 
"936 


492 

1,280 

743 


760 


838 

900 

1,101 


490 


479 
5*421 


2,327 


548 
1,603 
1,784 

847 
1,005 


1,074 
76 
68 
616 
224 
733 
85 
200 
238 
603 
739 
231 
915 
169 
350 

2,309 
144 

1,758 
1S8 
44 
100 
261 
286 
340 

7,028 

1,212 

408 

68 

18 

214 

3,305 
722 

2,074 
130 

1,700 
129 

1,441 

1,057 
743 

1,285 
902 
82 
859 

1,.540 

1,422 
887 

1,148 

1,008 

1,388 
193 
73 
687 
924 
237 

1,501 
609 

1,189 
82 
31 
182 
759 
667 
635 
195 

1,085 
643 

1,937 

2,633 

1,427 
417 
688 
778 
67 
85 
145 

2,345 
56 
85 

4,907 

3,205 
106 
155 

S,.573 
681 
646 

1,339 

1,230 
888 
946 


PUoa. 


,.p.T. 
,.p.T. 
.p.T. 
..p.T. 


Bladonsbnrg 

llladenxburg 

BliulcnHliurg 

IMaden  Springs. 

Bladesviile t. 

Blaine tp. 

Blaine tp. 

Blaine ._ p.tp. 

Blaine— tp. 

Klaine tp. 

Blaine b. 

Blair ..-tp. 

Blair.. tp. 

Blair- p.T. 

Blolr. tp. 

Blair p.h. 

Blttirsburg* tp. 

Blairsburg p.h. 

Blair's  Corners p.h. 

Blair's  Creek tp. 

Blaii-Btown p.v. 

Blairstuwn tp. 

Blairsville p.v. 

Blairsville p.h. 

Blairsville p.v, 

Blairsville p.b. 

Blairsville  Intersec- 
tion  T. 

Blake tp. 

Blakoly —p.v. 

Blakely tp. 

Blnkely p.T. 

Blakely v. 

Blakesburg p.v. 

Ulanchard p.v. 

Blanchord p.tp. 

Blaucbard '. p.v. 

Bloiicliard tp. 

Blanchard tp. 

Blanchord tp. 

Bloncliard tp. 

Blonchord p.v. 

Blonchester p.v. 

Blanco v. 

Blanco p.v. 

Blandford..... p.tp. 

Blondinsville tp. 

Blanduu p.v. 

Bland  town h. 

Bloudville p.v. 

Blauvcltville.- p.h. 

Bleecker p.tp. 

Blendon p.tp. 

Blendon p.tp. 

Blenheim tp. 

Blenheim v.. 

Bliss tp. 

Blissfleld tp. 

Biissfield p.v. 

Bliss  Mills V. 

Blissville tp. 

Blocker's tp. 

Blocksbiirg p.h. 

Blockville p.v. 

Blodgett p.h. 

Blood's  Depot p.v. 

Bloo<lville Ii. 

Bloom tp. 

Bloom......... tp. 

Bloom tp. 

Bloom tp. 

Bloom tp. 

Bloom tp. 

Bloom tp. 

Bloom tp. 

Bloom tp. 

Bloom tp. 

Bloom tp. 

Bloom tp. 

Bloomdale p.v. 

Bloomer tp. 

Bloomer  w tp. 

Bloomer p.v. 

Bloomfiold p.h. 

Bloonifiold tp. 

Bloomflold p.v. 

Bloomiield tp. 

Bloomfield p.tp, 

Bloomfield p.v. 


County. 


Wapello 

Prince  George's... 

Knox 

Choctaw 

Sussex 

rto. 

Wright 

Aroostook- 

Benzie , 

Anoko 

Perry- 

Clay - 

Grand  Traverse.. 

Washington 

Blair 

Trempealeau 

Honiilton.- 

Hamilton 

Cluriuu 

Shannon 

Benton , 

Warren- 

Union , 

Williamson 

Posey 

Indiana 


Westmoreland.. 

Colleton 

Early 

Scott 

Scott 

Lackawanna.... 

Wapello- 

Poge 

Piscataquis 

Isabella 

Hancock 

Hardin 

Putnam 

Lafayette.- 

Lafayette— 

Clinton 

Kent 

Blanco 

Hampden 

McUonough 

Berks 

Fulton 

Ballard 

Rockland 

Fulton 

Ottawa 

Franklin 

Schoharie 

Schoharie 

Emmett 

Lenawee 

Lenawee 

Saginaw 

Jefferson 

Edgefield 

Humboldt 

Chautouquo 

Scott 

Steuben 

Sarotoga. 

Cook -... 

Clay 

Osborne 

Nobles 

Fairfield 

Morgan- 

Scioto 

Seneca 

Wood 

Clearfield 

Columbia 

Richland 

Wood- 

Montcalm 

Clilppewo 

Chippewa 

Benton 

Nevada.- 

Sonoma 

Hartford 

Johnson 

Greene 


Iowa.. 

Md 

Ohio- 
Ala.... 
Del .... 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 

Me 

Mich.. 
Minn.. 

I'o. 

HI 

Mich.. 
Neb.-. 

Pa 

Wis..., 
Iowa., 
Iowa ., 

Pa 

Mo 

Iowa ., 
N.J... 

Go 

HI 

Ind.... 
Pa 


Pa 

S.  C...., 

Ga , 

Minn  . 
Minn.. 

I>tt 

lowo.. 
Iowa.. 

Me 

Mich.. 
Ohio-. 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Wis.... 
Wis-. 
Ohio... 

Del 

Tex.... 
Slass .. 

Ill 

Pa 

Ga 

Ky 

N.  Y-. 
N.  Y„. 
Mich.. 
Ohio... 
N.  Y... 
N.  Y... 
Mich.. 
Mich.. 
Mich.. 
Mich.. 

Ill 

S.  C... 
Col .... 
N.  Y„. 

Mo 

N.  Y... 
N.  Y-. 

Ill 

Kan  — 
Kan-. 
Minn. 
Ohio-. 
Ohio-. 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 

Pa 

Pa 

Wis-. 
Ohio..., 
Mich... 

Wis 

Wis-.. 
Ark_.., 

Cal 

Cal , 

Conn.., 

HI , 

Ind  .... 


>  Including  Mount  Vernon. 
*  In  1877,  part  to  Clear  Lake. 
»  In  1871,  part  to  acero. 

264  .. 


♦  In  1872,  part  to  Lestervillo. 
'  In  1872,  part  to  Williams. 

•  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


T  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 
*  In  1875.  part  to  Bethel. 


•  Area  changed  in  1876. 
to  In  1873,  pait  to  Auburm. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OP  THE  UNITED   STATE& 


CENSUS  BETURNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Connty. 


■Rloomfleld tp. 

Itloomfield tp. 

Bloomfieldl tp. 

ISIoomfleld ......p.T. 

Bloomfield tp. 

JJloouifield tp. 

Uloomficld tp. 

Bloomfield p.T. 

Bloomfield tp. 

Bloomfield tp. 

Bloomfield tp. 

Bloomfield tp. 

Bloomfield p.v. 

Bloomfield t^. 

Bloomfield V. 

Bloomfield v. 

Bloomfield tp. 

Bloomfield v. 

Bloomfield tp. 

Bloomfield h. 

Bloomfield tp. 

Bloomfield v. 

Bloomfield tp. 

Bloomfield p.tp, 

Bloomfield b. 

Bloomfield p.h. 

Bloomfield p.tp. 

Bloomfield p.v, 

Bloomfield tp. 

Bloomfield tp. 

Bloomfield  Centre.h. 

Bloomingburg p.r. 

Bloouiingdale tp. 

Bloomingdale p.T. 

Bloomiiigdale p.T. 

Bloomingdalo tp. 

Bloomingdale p.T. 

Bloomiiigdale T. 

Bloomiiigdiile p.T. 

Blooming  Glen p.T. 

Blooming  Grovo....tp. 
Blooming  Grove. ...p.T. 
Blooming  Grove... .p.tp. 
Blooming  Grove... .tp. 
Blooming  Grove. ...v. 
Blooming  Grove....tp. 
Blooming  Grove. ...tp. 
Blooming  Grove. ...p.h. 
Blooming  Grove... .tp. 
Blooming  Prairie..tp. 
Blooming  Prairie..p.T. 

Bloomingsburg p.v. 

Bloomington p.h. 

Bloomington c. 

Bloomington c. 

Bloomington* tp. 

Bloomington tp. 

Bloomington* tp. 

Bloomington tp. 

Bloomington p.v. 

Bloomington p.v. 

Bloomington tp. 

Bloomington tp. 

Bloomington p.T. 

Bloomington t. 

Bloomington p.T. 

Bloomington tp. 

Bloomington p.T. 

Blooming  Valley ...p.b. 

Bloomingville p.h. 

Bloomingvillo v. 

Bloomsburg p.b, 

Bloomsbury 

Bloomville 

Bloomvillo 

BloBerville 

Bloss'' tp 

Blossburg p.b. 

Blossom  Prairie, 

Blount 

Blount  Spring... 

lilountsville 

Dlountsville 

Blountsville , 

Blowing  Bock tp. 

Blue tp. 

Blue' tp. 

Blue  Bell v. 

Blue  Bell p.h 


..p.T. 

.p.T. 

....p.T. 

..p.h. 


La  Grange 

Clinton 

Davis 

Davis 

Polk 

Winneshiek^.... 

Mitchell 

Nelson 

Huron 

Missaukee 

Oaklaud 

Fillmore 

Stoddard 

Essex 

Kichmond 

Coshocton 

Jackson 

Jeff'crBon 

Logan 

Muskingum 

Trumbull 

Trumbull , 

Bedford 

Crawford , 

Perry 

Cooke 

Essex , 

Lnuiloun 

Walworth 

Waushara. 

Oakland 

Fayette 

Da  Page 

Du  Page 

Parke 

Van  Buren 

Van  Buren 

Carbon 

Vernon 

Bucks 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Waseca  _ 

Orange 

Morrow 

Bichland 

Pike 

Navarro 

Dane 

Steele 

Steele 

Fulton 

Benton- 

McLean 

Monroe 

Monroe 

Decatur 

Muscatine 

Butler 

Osborne 

Garrett 

Hennepin. 

Buchanan 

Franklin 

Somerset.. 

Clinton.- 

Grant 

Grant 

Crawford 

Erie 

Hocking 

Columbia. 

Hunterdon 

Delaware 

Seneca 

Cumberland 

Tioga 

Tioga 

Lamar 

Vermilion 

Blount 

Blount , 

Henry 

Sullivan 

Watauga 

Pottawatomie,. 

Jackson 

Clearfield 

Montgomery .., 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Ky 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn... 

Mo 

N.  J 

N.  T 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Tex.-... 

Vt 

Va. 

Wis 

Wig 

Mich..., 
Ohio...., 

HI 

Ill 

Ind 

Mich..., 
Mich.... 

Pa 

Wig.-... 

Pa. 

Ind 

Ind 

Minn .., 

N.  T 

Ohio...., 

Ohio 

Pa 

Tex 

Wis 

Minn ... 
Minn .. 

Ind 

Ark 

HI 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa..., 
Iowa..., 

Kan 

Kan 

Md 

Minn... 

Mo 

Neb 

N.  J...., 
Ohio-.. 

Wig 

Wis.-.. 

Pa 

Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 

Pa. 

N.  J.... 
N.Y-.. 
Ohio-.. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Tex.-.. 

Ill 

Ala 

Ala 

Ind 

Tenn  .. 
N.  C ... 
Kan-.. 

Mo 

Pa- 

Pa 


2,254 
1,231 
2,643 
1,653 
1,132 
1,183 


435 


2,105 
888 
379 

4,580 


1,775 

146 

655 

98 

798 


1,262 
655 


1,091 
1,123 


312 
1,141 


1,496 


801 
130 
676 

2.502 
113 

1,199 
378 


1,011 
344 


14,590 
l,a32 
1,828 
266 
8,129 


738 
1,487 


119 

1,245 

365 

209 


ia3 

3,341 


4,008 


1,532 


178 
180 


544 
3,603 


2,567 

1,403 

2,726 

1,531 

1,606 

1,010 

624 

455 

329 

76 

1,952 

885 

389 

6,748 

149 

91 

1,557 

175 

895 

176 

835 

199 

863 

1,491 

673 

31 

627 

63 

1,097 

1,384 

49 

626 

l,4:« 

226 
355 

1,749 
292 
168 
96 
125 
762 
120 
807 

2,444 
105 

1,181 

472 

79 

927 

662 

338 

96 

98 

17,180 

2,756 
994 
498 

9,631 

693 

23 

341 

819 

1,506 
524 
671 
162 

1,229 
403 
232 
41 
165 

3,702 
685 
229 
689 
103 

2,814 

2,140 
639 

1,910 
156 
222 
188 
317 
339 
742 

3,837 
176 
61 


Blue  Cafion p.h. 

Blue  Creek tp. 

Blue  Creek tp. 

Blue  Earth  City tp. 

Blue  Earth  City p.v. 

Blue  Grass tp. 

Blue  Grass p.T. 

Blue  Hill tp. 

Blue  Hill tp. 

Blue  Hill p.T. 

Blue  Hills tp. 

Blue  Island p.T. 

Blue  Lake tp. 

Blue  Marsh v. 

Blue  Mound tp. 

Blue  Mound tp. 

Blue  Mound p.T. 

Blue  Mound tp. 

Blue  Mound tp. 

Blue  Mound tp. 

Blue  Mound tp. 

Blue  Mounds p.tp. 

Blue  Mountain p.T. 

Blue  Point p.T. 

Blue  Bapids tp. 

Blue  Bapida p.T. 

Blue  Rapids  City...tp. 

Blue  Ridge tp. 

Blue  Ridge p.tp. 

Blue  Ridge tp. 

Blue  Ridge* tp. 

Blue  River tp. 

Blue  River -tp. 

Blue  River tp. 

Blue  River tp. 

Blue  Rock tp. 

Blue  Spring .v. 

Blue  Springs p.h. 

Blue  Springs p.T, 

Blue  Springs tp. 

Blue  Tent p.T, 

Blue  Valley tp. 

Bluff tp. 

Bluff T, 

Bluff  City p.h. 

Bluff  City p.h. 

Bluff  Creek p.h. 

Bluff  Creek tp. 

Bluffs p.T, 

Bluffs  Springs p.T. 

Bluffton T, 

Bluffton p.T. 

Bluffton p.T. 

Bluffton tp. 

Bluffton p.T. 

Bluffton tp. 

Bluffton p.h. 

Bluffton p.T. 

Bluffton tp. 

Bluffton p.T. 

Blumfield p.tp. 

BIythe tp. 

Boalsburg p.T, 

Boardman tp. 

Board  man tp, 

Boardman... p.tp. 

Boardman p.T. 

Boaz p.h. 

Boca p.T. 

Bodega tp. 

Bodega  Corners t, 

Bodio pT, 

Boerne .p.T. 

BoeufJ tp. 

Boeuf. tp. 

Bogansville tp. 

Bogard tp. 

Bogard tp. 

Bogart tp, 

Boggs tp, 

Boggs tp. 

Boggs tp. 

Boggstown p.b. 

Bogle tp. 

Bogota T, 

Bogue^ tp, 

Bogue  Chitto p.h, 

Bohemia h. 

Boiling  Spring p.T, 


County. 


Placer 

Adams 

Paulding 

Faribault 

Faribault 

Scott 

Scott 

Hancock 

Sherburne 

Webster 

Mitchell 

Cook , 

Muskegon 

Berks 

McLean 

Macon 

Macon 

Linn 

Livingston 

Vernon- 

Dane 

Pope 

Tippah 

Suffolk 

Marshall... 

Marshall 

Marshall 

Piatt , 

Henderson 

Macon 

Watauga 

Hancock 

Harrison 

Henry 

Johnson  

Muskingum,.,. 

Greene , 

Jackson 

Gage 

Robeson , 

Nevada , 

Pottawatomie . 

Sumner , 

Cumberland.... 

Schuyler 

Henderson 

Johnson 

Monroe , 

Scott 

Escambia 

Chambers 

Clay 

Wells 

Winneshiek 

Winneshiek 

Otter  Tail 

Otter  Tail , 

Allen 

Beaufort 

Beaufort 

Saginaw 

Schuylkill „ 

Centre 

Clayton 

Kalkaska 

Mahoning 

St.  Croix 

Richland 

Nevada 

Sonoma 

Sonoma 

Mono 

Kendall 

Franklin 

Gasconade 

Union 

Daviess 

Henry 

Carroll 

Centre 

Armstrong 

Clearfield  - 

Shelby , 

Gentry , 

Bergen 

Columbus 

Lincoln 

Suffolk 

Cumberland..,. 


Cal 

Ind 

Ohio-.., 
Minn.. 
Minn .. 
Iowa..., 
Iowa..., 

Me 

Minn... 
Neb-.., 
Kan-.. 

Ill 

Mich.... 

Pa 

Ill 

HI 

Ill , 

Kan-.. 

Mo 

Mo 

Wis 

Minn... 
Miss.... 
N.  Y-.., 

Kan 

Kan  -.. 
Kan-.. 

Ill 

N.  C-.. 
N,  C-,. 
N.  0-.. 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ohio-.. 
Tenn .. 

Mo 

Neb 

N.  C-.. 

Cal 

Kan-.. 
Kan-.. 
N.  0-.. 

Ill 

Ky 

Ind 

Iowa... 

Ill 

Fla 

Ala 

Ga 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Minn.. 
Minn.. 
Ohio.... 

S.  0 

S.  C 

Mich... 

Pa 

Pa 

Iowa... 
Mich... 
Ohio-.. 
Wis..... 

Wis 

Cal 

Cal 

Cal 

Cal 

Tex , 

Mo 

Mo 

S.  C 

Ind 

Mo 

Mo 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Ind 

Mo ..... 

N.  J 

N.C-.. 
Miss.... 
N.T-.. 
Pa- 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


820 

163 

1,121 


1,420 
'1,767 


1,219 
1.' 


341 
1,048 


1,165 


321 

1,247 


1,247 

1,120 

1,354 

157 

460 

1,125 

1,198 

862 

2,573 

1,093 


1,014 


1,016 


1,131 
809 


489 
2,047 


1,074 

1,924 

371 

1,806 


817 


1,407 


3,910 
1,277 
1,891 
1,170 
1,117 


2,135 


1,393 
104 


163 

931 

016 

620 

1,06S 

1,487 

70 

2,213 

255 

138 

449 

l,54i3 

307 

134 

1,116 

1,204 

632 

9U 

1,268 

734 

1,009 

315 

15S 

372 

1,139 

829 

1,299 

1,950 

1,167 

436 

433 

1,258 

1,24.5 

805 

2,714 

1,188 

181 

129 

613 

1,406 

350 

681 

603 

135 

93 

43 

61 

869 

163 

133 

C55 

76 

2,364 

807 

103 

326 

69 

1,290 

2,580 

170 

1,369 

1,049 

329 

1,667 

367 

906 

64 

75 

12.^ 

1,385 

1,57 

2,712 

346 

3,082 

1,261 

2,233 

1,303 

1,195 

2,123 

2,098 

1,010 

90ft 

81 

1,431 

145 

1,110 

143 

133 

450 


1  Including  Bloomfield  Village. 
*  Exclusive  of  part  of  Blooming- 
ton City, 


*  Including  city  of  Muscatine. 

*  In  1872,  part  to  Hamilton. 


»  In  1872,  part  to  Brooking. 
•  In  1875,  part  to  Blowing  Bock, 


»  In  1873.  pan  to  New  Haven. 
8  Since  1870,  part  to  Waccamaw 

^66 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Viae*. 


Boiling  Sprint ^P- 

llola  Druli tp. 

Bob  d'Aro ti>. 

Boil  d'Aro p.b. 

BoM  Citjr .......p.T. 

Bok«'aCr«ek tp. 

Bo1ckow_ -p.T. 

BoIm tp. 

BoUBe«_ p.h. 

Bolinaa. p.tp. 

Bolivar... .>.. tp. 

BollTar. p.T. 

Bolirar. p.r. 

BoliTKr. tp. 

BollTar...... p.T. 

BoIiTar- p.T. 

BoUrar. p.r. 

Bolivar- t. 

Bolirar  Point v. 

BuUter's  Mills. p.h. 

Bolton— p.tp. 

Bolton.« T. 

Bolton.. T. 

Bolton.. tp. 

Bolton.. p.tp. 

Bolton p.h. 

Bolton.- ....tp. 

Bolton.- p.tp. 

Bolton's  Dopot p.T, 

BoltouTille„ p.h. 

Bombay tp. 

Bonanza  City p.r. 

Bonaparte tp. 

Bonaparte p.T. 

Bonaville p.tp. 

Bond„ tp. 

Bond  Hill p.T. 

Vondin p.tp. 

Bond's  Village p.T. 

Bondville p.h. 

Bondville p.h. 

Bonliam p.T. 

Bonliomme p.tp. 

Bonn h. 

Bouneanville p.h. 

Bonnefemme.- tp. 

BoDnersville t. 

Bonnievillo- p.T. 

Bono tp. 

Bono p.h, 

Ron  pas. tp. 

Bonus tp. 

Boomer tp. 

Boone tp. 

Boone tp. 

Boone tp. 

Boone tp. 

Boone tp. 

Boone tp. 

Boone tp. 

Boone ...tp, 

Booue tp. 

Boone c, 

Boone tp. 

Boone'- tp. 

Booue tp, 

Boone tp. 

Boone tp. 

Boone tp, 

Boone tp, 

Boone tp. 

Boone*- tp. 

Booue tp, 

Boone tp. 

Boone tp. 

Boone , tp. 

Boone tp. 

Boone p.y. 

Boonesborough p.T. 

Booneyille p.T. 

Booneville p.T. 

Boonerille p.T. 

BooneTille p.T. 

Boonerille p.r, 

BooneTille tp. 

BooneTille p.v. 

BooneTille p.h. 

Boon  Hill tp. 

Boon  Lake.- tp. 


Ooantj. 


L«xlngton 

Terry 

Montgomery  ... 

Greene 

Ada 

Logan » 

Andrew- 

Frauklin..- 

Greene 

Marin 

Benton 

Polk 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

TuDcarawas 

Wetitmoreland .. 

Hardeman 

Jefferson 

Chambers 

Cumberland-.,.., 

Tolland- 

Saline 

Williamson 

Cowley 

Worcoster- 

Harrison 

Warren 

Chittenden 

Hinds 

Washington- 

Franklin 

Lemhi 

Van  Buren 

Van  Buron 

McPherson 

Lawreuce 

Hamilton 

Murray 

Hampden 

Champaign .- 

Bennington 

Fannin^ 

St.  Louis 

Washington 

Adams 

Howard 

Bansom 

Hart 

Lawrence 

Lawrence 

Kichland 

Boone 

Pottawattamie... 

Columbia.- 

Boone 

Cass 

Crawford 

Dubois 

Harrison 

Madison 

Porter 

Warrick 

Boone 

Dallas 

Hamilton.- 

Wright 

Wexford 

Bates- 

Crawford 

Douglas 

Franklin 

Greene 

Maries 

Texas 

Wright 

DaTidson 

Watauga 

Watauga 

Boone 

Logan 

Wai-rick 

Dallas 

Owsley 

Prentiss 

Oneida 

Oneida 

Clinton 

Johnson 

BenTille 


Bute, 


8.0 

Mo , 

111 

Mo 

Idaho.. 
Uhto.... 

Mo 

Mo , 

Ala 

Cal 

Ind 

Mo 

N.  Y„.. 
N.  Y.,.. 

Ohio 

Pa- 

Tenn.,., 
W.  Va,. 
Tex-.., 

Me 

Conn..., 

HI 

Ill 

Kan-.,, 
Mass,.., 

Mo 

N,  Y-... 

Vt 

Miss-,., 
Wis.-... 

N,  Y 

Idaho,,, 
lowii.,.. 
Iowa..., 
Kan  -.,. 

Ill 

Ohio.,.., 
Minn .., 
Mass..,. 

Ill 

Vt 

Tex  „.„ 

Mo 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Mo 

Dak 

Ky 

Ind 

Ind 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa .... 
Ark.-... 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.,,, 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.,,, 
Iowa.... 
Mich.... 

Bio 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  C 

N.  C.-... 

N.  C 

Iowa.... 

Ark, 

Ind 

Iowa,... 

Ky 

Miss 

N.  Y 

N.y 

Pa. 

N.C 

Minn ... 


PopuhtUon. 


1870,     1880. 


8M 

1,3:17 
1,177 


095 
1,344 


6,183 


C2.5 
776 


959 
413 
298 
880 


676 


1,014 


1,1.36 
711 


1,488 
i',34"l 


1,087 


928 
6,102 


1,249 


1,005 


891 
1,164 

611 

827 
1,5.}0 
1,262 

494 


1,870 
1,078 
1,215 
4,042 
2,415 

652 
1,837 

146 


1,257 
839 
480 

1,055 

1,692 
692 
323 
12:1 

1,311 
737 


1,618 


111 

•468 
4,106 
1,418 


1,445 


892 

1,606 

1,230 

72 

1,899 

1,617 

346 

4,321 

36 

719 

995 

807 

180 

1,029 

6G4 

378 

1,043 

8:^2 

451 

81 

612 

123 

214 

1,015 

903 

36 

1,132 

674 

440 

119 

1,644 

362 

1,252 

689 

424 

1,209 

392 

326 

781 

49 

123 

1,880 

7,043 

40 

112 

1,780 

195 

180 

1,024 

70 

1,246 

1,102 

870 

1,111 

1,429 

1,440 

699 

1,138 

2,097 

i,m& 

1,479 

4,668 

3,:i30 

938 

2,813 

209 

115 

1,498 

1,117 

482 

2,221 

2,160 

891 

399 

984 

1,524 

1,289 

167 

1,438 

275 

1,182 

116 

201 

603 

3,996 

1,677 

131 

2,283 

454 


PUce. 


Boonsborongh p.T. 

Boonsborough p.T. 

Boonsborongh p.h. 

Boon's  Lick tp. 

Boon's  Station tp. 

Bounton ,, tp. 

Boonton ,' p.T. 

BoouTille tp. 

Boonville c. 

lioonville tp. 

Boonville p.h, 

Boothbay tp. 

Booth  Corner- p.T. 

BoothsTille  - p.T. 

Bordeaux p.tp, 

Bordell , t. 

Borden p.v. 

Borden's  Shaft v. 

Bordentowu tp, 

Bordentown b, 

Bordley p.T, 

Borodino- p.T. 

Borough .,.tp, 

Boscawen tp, 

Boscobel.- p.T, 

Boscobel tp. 

Boscobel p.T, 

Boston p.y. 

Boston.- tp. 

Boston.- p.h. 

Boston.- T. 

Boston.- T. 

Boston.- h, 

Boston V. 

Boston* c, 

Boston.- tp. 

Boston.- T. 

Boston tp. 

Boston p.T, 

Boston.- b, 

Boston tp, 

Boston.- p.r. 

Boston- p.T. 

Boston  Run r. 

Bos  well p.r, 

Botkins p.y. 

Bottle  Bun -...h. 

Bottstown .....r. 

Bouckrille p.r. 

Boulder. ...p.r. 

Boulder tp. 

Boulder  Valley p.r. 

Boulware- tp. 

Boundary p.h. 

Bound  Brook— p.y. 

Bourbois tp. 

Bourbon tp. 

Bourbon p.r, 

Bourbon tp. 

Bourbon p.y. 

Bourbon  < tp. 

Bourbon tp. 

Bourbon p.r. 

Bourbon tp. 

Bourbon  nais tp. 

Bourbon nais  Grore.p.r. 

Bournerillo- p.y, 

Borina p.tp. 

Bovlna tp. 

Borine  Bend p.h. 

Bow .........,p.tp. 

Bow  Creek— tp. 

Bow  Creek tp. 

Bowdoin tp. 

Bowdoinham tp. 

Bowdoinham.- p.r. 

Bowdon p.y, 

Bowdre tp. 

Bowensburg p.y. 

Bowen's  Prairie-...p.h. 

Bowerston p.y. 

Bowers  Mills p.h, 

Bowersville p.y. 

BowersTilie y. 

Bowlan tp. 

Bowling tp. 

Bowling  Green tp. 

Bowling  Green p.y. 

Bowling  Green c. 


County. 


Washington- 
Wash  ington- 

Howard 

Howard 

Alamance.... 

Morris 

Morris 

Coo|)er 

Cooper 

Yadkin 

Yadkin 

Lincoln 

Delaware,-.,. 

Marion 

Abbeville.-... 

McKean 

Fresno 

Alleghany..,. 
Burlington,,, 
Burlington... 

Union 

Onondaga..... 

Beaver 

Merrimac-... 
Westchester- 
Grant- 

Grant 

Thomas 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Pendleton-... 

Scott 

Whitley 

Alleghany.... 

SufTolk 

Ionia 

Linn 

Erie 

Erie 

Belmont 

Summit 

Summit- 

Bowie 

Schuylkill..,, 

Benton 

Shelby 

Alleghany,..., 

York 

Madison 

Boulder 

Linn , 

Jefferson 

Gasconade 

Jay , 

Somerset 

Gasconade...., 

Douglas- , 

Douglas- 

Marshall 

Marshall 

Boone 

Callaway , 

Crawford...... 

Knox , 

Kankakee 

Kankakee...., 

Boss 

Delaware.-..., 
Outagamie .... 

Austin 

Merrimac 

Phillips 

Rooks 

Sagadahoc 

Sagadahoc 

Sagadahoc,,,., 

Carroll 

Douglas 

Hancock 

Jones , 

Harrison 

Lawrence-,,., 

Greene , 

Berks 

Shannon- 

Bock  Island-. 

Fayette- 

Clay 

Warren.- 


State, 


Ark. — 

Md 

835 

Mo 

Mo 

1,686 

N.  C 

1,10C 

N.J 

3,4S« 

N.J.-.„ 

Mo 

6,319 

Mo 

3,50(1 

N.  0 

1,058 

N.  C 

Me 

3,200 

Pa. 

W.Va.- 
s.b 

125 

2,232 

Pa. 

Cal 

Md 

N.  J 

6,041 

N.  J 

Ky 

N.  Y 

Pa 

379 

N.  H ... 

1,637 

N.  Y— . 

Wis 

1,650 

WU 

1,609 

Ga 

Ind 

894 

Ind 

Ky 

Ky 

Ky 

Md 

Mass.... 

250,626 

Mich.... 

1,947 

Mo 

N.  Y 

1,033 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

1,142 

Ohio 

Tex.-... 

273 

Pa 

Ind 

Ohio .... 

Md 

Pa. 

N.  Y 

Col 

34:i 

Iowa.... 

937 

Mon-... 

Mo 

983 

Ind 

N.J 

656 

Mo 

800 

Ill 

1,457 

Ill 

Ind 

2,704 

Ind 

874 

Mo 

2,384 

Mo 

1,590 

Mo 

Mo 

Ill 

2,068 

Ill 

Ohio 

208 

N.  Y 

1,022 

Wis.-... 

437 

Tex 

N.  H 

745 

Kan 

Kan 

Me 

1,345 

Me 

1,804 

Me 

Ga 

350 

HI 

1,313 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

193 

Pa 

Mo 

156 

Ill 

952 

Ill 

1,007 

Ind 

606 

Ky 

4,574 

Population. 


1870,      1880. 


869 

126 

2,008 

1,150 

2,683 

2,277 

6,606 

8,864 

1,183 

46 

3,675 

09 

134 

2,749 

364 

203 

289 

6,:i:i4 

4,238 

112 

160 

376 

l,.18l 

146 

1,616 

1,428 

306 

0:t6 

137 

202 

487 

127 

100 

302,839 

2,214 

75 

1,617 

2i6 

99 

1,221 

i;w 

257 
369 
3.10 
314 
93 
308 
204 
3,069 
1,027 
214 
1,074 
69 
934 
1,076 
1,461 
83 
3,190 
1,050 
2,832 
1,683 
31 
800 
1,589 
495! 
200 
1,022  j 
69U 
100 
TH\ 
4701 
831] 
1,136] 
l,08tl 
6161 
3.331 
l,C20i 
2891 
371 
320] 
69] 

1921 

239fl 

850] 

1,4471 

6721 

e,iui 


>  Area  reduced  In  1876. 

«  In  1872,  part  to  Walnnt  Grove. 

*  Since  1870,  there  h»ye  been 

256 


annexed   Brighton   (1873), 
West    Boxbury    (1872-73), 


Charlestown  (1873),  and  part 
of  Brookline,  1874.   In  1872, 


part  to  Brookline,  and  in] 
1875,  part  to  Newton. 
*  Since  1870,  part  to  Centralla. 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  ONITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  KETUKNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPAKED. 


Flace. 


Bowling  Green tp. 

liowling  Greenl....tp. 

Bowling  Green p.v. 

Bowling  Green tp. 

Bowling  Green tp. 

Bowling  Green p.v. 

Bowling  Green p.v. 

BowlUBville p.h. 

Bowman tp. 

Bowman's v. 

Bowmansville v. 

Bowmansville p.v. 

Bowue p.tp 

Bo.\ tp. 

Boxborough tp. 

Boxford tp. 

Boxville p.h. 

Boyco p.h. 

Boyd tp. 

Boyd's  Switch p.h. 

Boyd's  Town v. 

Boydsvillo p.v. 

Boydton p.v. 

Boydtowu h. 

Boyer tp. 

Boyer tp. 

Boyertown p.v. 

Boyer  Valley tp. 

Boyler's  Mill p.h. 

Boylston tp. 

Boylston p.h. 

Boylston tp. 

Boyne  Falls p.h. 

Boyno  Valley tp. 

Boynton tp. 

Boy  n  ton h. 

Boynton p.h. 

Bozeman p.v. 

Bo7.rah p.tp. 

Bozrahvillo p.v. 

Braceville tp. 

Bracevillo p.v. 

Braceville tp. 

BrackettviUe p.v. 

Braddock p.b. 

Braddyvillo p.h. 

Bradeu  Station p.h. 

Bradford p.v, 

Bradford tp. 

Bradford p.v. 

Bradford tp. 

Bradford tp. 

Bradford p.v. 

Bradford tp. 

Bradford tp. 

Bradford tp. 

Bradford p.v. 

Bradford tp. 

Bradford p.v. 

Bradford p.v. 

Bradford tp. 

Bradford p.v. 

Bradford  >. tp. 

Bradford tp. 

Bradford p.v. 

Bradford tp. 

Bradford  Jiinction.v. 

Bradfordsville p.v. 

Bradley tp. 

Bradley tp. 

Bradley  town h. 

Bradleyville v. 

Bradner.... 

Brady 

Brady 

Brady 

Brady 

Brady 

Brady 

Brady 

Brady 

Brady 

Brady 

Brady's  Bend_ tp. 

Brady's  Bend- p.v. 

Bradyville p.v. 

Bradyville p.v. 

Braggadocio tp. 

Braidwood c. 

Brainard p.h. 

Brainard. p.v. 


County. 


..p.v. 

,.tp. 

,.tp. 

,.tp. 

,.tp. 

,.tp. 

,.tp. 

,.tp. 

..tp. 

..p.v. 


State. 


Chariton 

Pettis 

Pike 

Licking 

Marion 

Wood 

Caroline 

Clark 

Sullivan 

Schuylkill 

Cook 

Erie 

Kent 

Cedar 

Middlesex 

Essex 

Union 

Clarke 

Transylvania. 

Jackson 

Bedford 

Clay 

Mecklenburg 
Northumberland. 

Crawford , 

Harrison 

Berks 

Sac 

Morgan 

Worcester..... 
Worcester..... 

Oswego 

Charlevoix... 
Charlevoix.... 

Tazewell 

Clinton 

Sullivan 

Gallatin , 

New  London 
New  London 

Grundy , 

Grundy 

Trumbull 

Kinney 

Alleghany.... 

Page 

Fayette 

White 

Lee 

Stark 

Chickasaw ... 

Penobscot 

Penobscot 


Isanti 

Merrimac 

Merrimac 

Steuben 

Steuben 

Miami 

Clearfield 

McKean 

McKean 

Orange 

Orange 

Rock 

Darke 

Marion 

Jackson 

Penobscot. 

Venango 

Fairfield 

Wood 

Kalamazoo 

Saginaw 

Williams 

Butler 

Clarion 

Clearfield , 

Huntingdon 

Lycoming 

McCulloch 

Northumberland 

Armstrong 

Armstrong 

Adams 

Cannon 

Pemiscot  „ , 

Will 

Butler , 

Rensselaer 


Mo..., 

Mo ... 

Mo.. 

Ohio. 

Ohio. 

Ohio. 

Va..., 

Ohio. 

Mo.. 

Pa.... 

111.... 

N.  Y. 

Mich.... 

Mo .... 

Mass.. 

Mass.... 

Ky... 

Va... 

N.  C 

Ala 

Pa 

Ark 

Va 

Pa 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Pa 

Iowa.... 

Mo 

Mass. ... 
Mass.... 

N.  Y 

Jlich.... 
Mich.... 

Ill 

Ind 

Mo 

Mon 

Conn  ... 
Conn ... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ohio 

Tex 

Pa 

Iowa.... 
Tonn  .. 

Ark 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Mo 

Me 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Minn  .. 
N.  H... 
N.  II... 
N.  Y.... 
N.  Y.... 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Vt 

Vt 

Wis 

Ohio.... 

Ky 

Ill 

Mo 

Pa 

Conn... 
Ohio.... 
Mich... 
Mich... 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Tex 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Ohio..., 
Tenn  .. 

Mo 

Ill 

Neb 

N.Y.... 


1,496 

2,467 

599 

1,042 

903 

906 

395 

70 

681 


1,275 

1,307 

338 

847 


i:i5 
689 
690 


1,053 


108 
984 


1,188 


954 

232 

1,290 


1,086 

280 

2,076 

1,487 


2,014 

"i'fisi 


409 
1,172 


1,446 
1,492 


1,006 
243 
155 

1,297 


1,382 
471 

1,081 
000 
263 

2,009 
904 
394 


3,619 


1,246 

1,105 

1,067 

992 

1,219 

1,539 

426 

53 

1,080 

238 

837 

120 

1,387 

1,706 

319 

824 

115 

42 

639 

97 

115 

115 

882 

94 

292 

996 

1,099 

499 

34 

854 

96 

1,283 

187 

451 

840 

61 

80 

894 

1,155 

250 

1,906 

278 

1,019 

1,126 

3,310 

214 

77 

68 

848 

606 

2,297 

1,460 

95 

2,643 

375 

950 

307 

937 

207 

1,373 

1,702 

9,197 

2,699 

1,520 

619 

979 

539 

150 

1,762 

829 

85 

176 

281 

1,456 

1,247 

1,985 

772 

258 

1,888 

909 

447 

115 

306 

2,340 

1,010 

93 

91 

214 

6,524 

61 

83 


Place. 


County. 


Brainardsville v. 

Brainerd tp. 

Brainerd p.v. 

Braintree tp. 

Brai  ntree p.tp. 

Braintrim tp. 

Braman'g  Corner8..p.h. 

Brambleton v. 

Branch tp. 

Branch tp. 

Branch tp. 

Branch tp. 

Branch tp. 

Branch v. 

Branch p.v. 

Brauchburg tp. 

Branch  Dale p.v. 

Branch  Hill p.v. 

Branchport .v. 

Branchport p  T. 

Branchville v. 

Branchville p.h. 

Branchville p.v. 

Branchville tp. 

Branchville p.v. 

Branchville p.b. 

Brandenburg p.v. 

Brandon p.h. 

Brandon p.v. 

Brandon tp. 

Brandon p.tp. 

Brandon p.v, 

Brandon tp. 

Brandon p.v. 

Brandon tp. 

Brandon p.v, 

Brandonville p.h 

Brandon  ville p.v, 

Brandt p.tp. 

Brandt p.v. 

Brandy  Station p.v, 

Brandywine tp. 

Brandy  wine tp. 

Brandywine p.h. 

Branford tp. 

Brannan tp. 

Brant tp. 

Brantford p.b. 

Brasliear p.v. 

Brasher tp. 

Braslier  Falls p.v. 

Brassfiolds tp. 

Brass  town tp. 

Brattleborough tp. 

Brattleborough p.v, 

Bratton tp. 

Bratton tp, 

Braxton tp. 

Brayton p.h, 

Brazeau  > tp. 

Brazil tp. 

Brazil c. 

Brazil p.v. 

Brazoria p.v. 

Breadysville p.h. 

Breaux  Bridge p.v. 

Btockenridge p.v. 

Breckenridge p.h, 

Breckenridge -v. 

Breckenridge „p.v. 

Breckenridge tp. 

Breckenridge tp. 

Breckenridge p.v. 

Breckenridge p.v, 

Brecknock .tp. 

Brecknock tp. 

Brecksville tp. 

Brecksville p.v. 

Breda p.h. 

Breeds p.v. 

Breedsville p.v. 

Breen tp. 

Breese tp. 

Breese v. 

Breesport p.v. 

Breitung tp. 

Bremen. p.h, 

Bremen tp, 

Bremen v. 

Bremen.,... p.v. 

Bremen p.v. 


Lafayette 

Crow  Wing 

Crow  Wing 

Norfolk 

Orange 

Wyoming 

Schenectady 

Norfolk 

Stanislaus 

Marion 

Mason 

Chisago 

Schuylkill 

Providence 

Manitowoc 

Somerset 

Schuylkill 

Clermont 

Monmouth 

Yates _ , 

Mitchell 

Perry 

Sussex 

Orangeburg 

Orangeburg 

Milam 

Meade 

DeKalb 

Buchanan 

Jackson 

Oakland 

Rankin 

Franklin 

Knox 

Rutland 

Fond  du  Lac 

Schuylkill 

Preston 

Erie 

Miami 

Culpeper 

Hancock 

Shelby 

Prince  George's. 

New  Haven 

Price 

Saginaw 

Washington- 

Adair. 

St.  Lawrence 

St.  Lawrence 

Granville 

Clay 

Windham 

Windham 

Adams 

Mifflin 

Colleton .'.. 

Audubon 

Perry 

Clay 

Clay 

Gibson 

Brazoria 

Bucks 

St.  Martins 

Summit 

Sangamon 

Harrison 

Gnitiot 

Wilkin 

Caldwell 

Caldwell 

Stephens 

Berks 

Lancaster 

Cuyahoga 

Cuyahoga 

Carroll , 

Fulton 

Van  Buren 

Menominee 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Chemung , 

Menominee 

Cullman , 

Cook _ 

Cook 

Randolph , 

Marshall , 


State. 


La 

Minn ... 
Minn ... 

Mass 

Vt 

Pa 

N.  Y 

Va 

Cal 

Kan 

Mich.... 
Minn ... 

Pa 

K.  I 

Wis 

N.  J 

Pa.. 

Ohio 

N.  J 

N.Y„... 

Ga 

Ind 

N.  J...- 
S.  C.„... 

S.  C 

Tex 

Ky 

Ala 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Mich.... 

Miss 

N.  Y 

Ohio-... 

Vt 

Wis 

Pa. 

W.  Va.. 
N.  Y„... 

Ohio 

Va 

Ind 

Ind 

Md 

Conn  .„ 

Wis 

Jlich..., 
Kan-.., 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  C 

N.  C 

Vt 

Vt 

Ohio-... 

Pa 

S.  C 

Iowa.... 

Mo 

Ind 

Ind 

Tenn ... 
Tex-. .. 

Pa 

La. 

Col 

Ill 

Ind , 

Mich..., 
Mian.., 

Mo , 

Mo 

Tex 

Pa 

Pa 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Iowa..., 

Ill , 

Mich..., 
Mich..., 

Ill 

Ill 

N.Y.... 
Mich... 

Ala 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 


Population. 


3,948 

1,066 

020 


787 


1,200 


1,339 
366 


1,103 

l,'i84 

7,'.6 

692 


3,571 


100 

1,359 

240 


1,061 
1,224 


2,488 
"331 


3,342 
450 

3,015 
395 

4,933 


852 
1,971 


2,281 
2,772 
2,186 


1,336 
615 


813 
1,000 
1,007 


1,512 
489 
292 


1,501 
164 


78 
2,319 

1,806 

3,855 

1,051 

070 

07 

638 

605 

1,131 

400 

191 

986 

178 

77 

1,316 

737 

71 

261 

271 

49 

28 

493 

2,010 

617 

32 

687 

37 

170 

1,080 

1,307 

864 

815 

96 

3,280 

601 

142 

107 

1,527 

241 

201 

1,216 

1,400 

(30 

3,047 

278 

860 

45 

164 

3,578 

613 

2,588 

607 

6,880 

4,471 

1,053 

1,028 

2,317 

88 

1,576 

4,346 

3,441 

135 

676 

42 

443 

1,667 

67 

60 

237 

436 

1,704 

777 

497 

923 

1,653 

1,095 

116 

109 

207 

300 

646 

1,739 

674 

420 

4,569 

51 

1,653 

210 

82 

1.028 


1  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


*  Since  1870,  area,  reduced. 


*  Since  1870,  area  rednoed. 


267 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PUos. 


nromon.......^~....p.T, 

Itreiuen .tp. 

Dnaien ....p.r. 

Bremer ~..tp. 

Breinond ~p.T 

Br«nliam-~ ~...p.T 

Brtnton — tp. 

Brratwoud p.tp. 

BTMtwood _.p.T. 

BtmUu p.v. 

Brwt ~ h. 

Bretou< tp. 

DratsTiUa. » pJi. 

Brevard h. 

BreTard p.v. 

Brewer- tp. 

Brewer „..p.r. 

BrewertoD p.  v. 

Brewerville. ^.r. 

Brewington tp. 

Brewster „ tp. 

Brittr  Creek tp. 

Brick tp. 

Brick  Chi-.pel p.h. 

BrickcrvlUe p.r. 

Brick  Meuting-Huuae. 
p.T. 

Brickebo  rough r. 

Bridgeborongli p.r. 

Bridge  Crcek^ tp. 

Bridgehampton tp. 

Bridgehatnpton p.v. 

Bridgc|K>rt tp. 

Bridgeport c. 

Bridgeport tp. 

Bridgeport tp. 

Bridgeport p.v. 

Bridgeport v. 

Bridgeport p.v. 

Bridgeport tp. 

Bridge|x)rt p.v. 

Bridgeport I  p. 

Bridgeport p.v. 

Bridgeport p.v. 

Bridgeport v. 

Bridgeport p.v. 

Bridgeport v. 

Bridgeport b. 

Bridgeport p.b. 

Bridgeport v. 

Bridgeport v. 

Bridgeport p.b. 

Bridgeport p.v. 

Bridgeport p.v. 

Bridges „ tp. 

Bridgetun p.v. 

Bridge  ton tp. 

Bridge  ton p.v. 

Bridgeton tp. 

Bridgeton p.v. 

Bridgeton c 

Bridgeton b. 

Bridgetown— p.h. 

Bridgetown p.b. 

Bridgevillo.„ p.b. 

Bridgevillo p.v. 

Bridgevi  lie „..p.b. 

Bridge  vilia „..p.v. 

Bridgewater p.tp. 

Bridgewater tp. 

Bridgewater tp. 

Bridgewater tp. 

Bridgewater p.v, 

Bridgewater tp. 

Bridgewater tp. 

Bridgewater p.tp. 

Bridgewater tp. 

Bridgewater tp. 

Bridgewater p.v, 

Bridgewater p.tp, 

Bridgew»ter b. 

Bridgewater p.h. 

Bridgewater b. 

Bridgewater tp. 

Bridgewater tp. 

Bridgewater p.v. 

Bridgewater p.v. 

Bridgewater     C!or- 

nerg p.h. 

Bridgman p.v. 

Bridport tp. 


County. 


Muhleabarg 

Lincoln  _ 

Fairfield 

Delaware.- ~. 

Robertson- 

Washington. 

Ford 

Bockingham 

Suffolk 

Suffolk 

Monroe- 

Washington- 

Dubois..... , 

Oaston 

Transylvania...., 

PeDolecot , 

PenolDscot- 

Onondaga. ». 

Sumter , 

Clarendon 

Barustable 

Culuubia.- 

Ocean 

Putnam 

Lancaster 


Cecil 

Cumberland-... 

Burlington 

Eau  Claire 

Sanilac.- 

Suffolk 

Nevada— 

Fairfield 

Fairfield 

Lawrence 

Lawrence 

Monroe- 

Franklin 

Saginaw 

Saginaw 

Warren- 

Gloucester 

Madison 

Queens 

Belmont. 

Carbon 

Fayette- 

Montgomery.... 
Westmoreland.. 

Newport 

Wise 

Harrison 

Crawford 

Ozark 

Parke. 

Cumberland 

Cumberland 

Newaygo 

St.  Louis 

Cumberland 

Bucks 

Caroline 

Northampton... 

Humboldt. 

Sussex 

Muskingum...- 

AUegbany 

Litchfield 

Clay 

Aroostook 

Plymouth 

Plymouth 

Washtenaw 

Rice 

Grafton 

Somerset 

Oneida 

Oneida 

Williams 

Beaver 

Bucks 

Delaware 

Susquehanna... 

Windsor 

Windsor 

Rockingham.... 


Windsor., 
Berrien  _, 
Addison.., 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


Ky...... 

Me. 

Ohio.... 
Iowa.., 

Tex 

Tex..., 

Ill 

N.  H.., 
N.  Y„. 
N.  Y-. 
Mich.., 

Mo , 

Ind 

N.0-. 
N.  C... 

Me 

Me 

N.  Y... 

Ala 

8.C.... 
Moss... 

I'a 

N.  J-., 
Ind.... 
Pa 


Md.... 
N.  J.„ 
N.  J... 
Wis... 
Mich. 
N.  Y_ 
Cal ... 
Conn. 
Conn.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.. 

Ky 

Mich.. 
Mich.. 

JIo 

N.  J.„. 
N.  Y... 
N.  Y-. 
Ohio- 
Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

R.  I.... 
Tex.... 
W.  Va, 
Wis.... 

Mo 

Ind.... 

Me 

Me 

Mich.., 

Mo 

N.J... 

Pa 

Md..... 

Va 

Cal 

Del .... 
Ohio-., 

Pa 

Conn.... 

Iowa. 

Me.... 

Mass. 

Mass. 

Mich. 

Minn... 

N.  H.... 

N.  J„. 

N.  Y- 

N.  Y- 

Ohlo- 

Pa..... 

Pa 

Pa..... 

Pa 

Vt 

Vt 

Va.... 


Vt 

Blich., 
Vt 


797 
2G5 
821 


2,2-21 

1,073 

895 


2,396 


3,214 


199 
1,259 
1,077 
2,724 


1,538 

930 

1,334 

1,829 

18,909 

860 


435 


1,171 


822 
'"217 
"i",'{78 


1,199 
1,678 


632 

'2,685 

'397 


6,830 
944 


877 


605 
3,660 


1,379 

957 

453 

6,883 

1,268 

230 

1,207 

1.119 


1,459 
1,141 


1,171 


98 

839 

248 

993 

768 

4,101 

1,342 

999 

125 

606 

130 

2,691 

32 

75 

223 

3,170 

1,408 

305 

123 

608 

1,144 

1,172 

2,990 

46 

127 

132 

129 

400 

1,894 

1,634 

1,253 

2,1X6 

27,643 

1,605 

890 

450 

74 

90 

1,644 

239 

1,236 

441 

212 

122 

2,395 

158 

1,134 

1,802 

635 

213 

39 

395 

448 

1,141 

121 

2,863 

1,418 

388 

197 

8,722 

1,058 

64 

38 

25 

398 

34 

147 

708 

408 

722 

3,620 

392 

1,255 

1,683 

384 

7,997 

1,218 

224 

1,398 

1,112 

60 

91 

1,517 

1,084 

239 

390 


194 
1,167 


Place. 


Bridport p.h. 

BrieuBburg.-„ p.v. 

Brier  Hill p.h. 

liriggsville h. 

Briggsville— p.v. 

Brigham  City p.v. 

Brigliam  City p.v. 

Brighton tp. 

Brighton V. 

Brighton p.v. 

Brighton.- tp. 

Brigliton  - tp. 

Brighton  - tp. 

Brighton- p.v. 

Brigliton  - tp. 

Briglitun  - p.h. 

Ilrigbton  -.... tp. 

Brigliton p.v. 

Brigliton- tp. 

Brigliton- tp. 

Brighton  - tp. 

Brighton  - p.v. 

Brighton h. 

Brighton v. 

Brighton p.tp, 

Brighton tp. 

Briglitun p.h. 

Brighton p.v. 

Brighton tp. 

Brighton p.tp. 

Brigliton tp. 

Bright  Star p.h 

Briglitsville tp. 

Briglittiviile p.h. 

Brightwood p.v. 

Brillion tp. 

Briliion p.v, 

Brinifield tp. 

Briuifleld p.v, 

Brinifield p.v, 

Brinifield tp. 

Brinifield p.v, 

Brinifield tp. 

Brinifield p.h, 

Brindietown p.tp, 

Bringhurst p.v, 

Briiikley p.v 

Brinkieyville p.tp, 

Brisben p.h. 

Bri«tol tp. 

Bristol p.v. 

Bristol tp. 

Bristol p.v. 

Bristol p.v. 

Bristol* tp. 

Bristol tp. 

Bristol tp. 

Bristol p.v. 

Bristol tp. 

Bristol.- p.v. 

Bristol tp. 

Bristol p.v. 

Bristol p.tp, 

Bristol.- p.tp, 

Bristol V. 

Bristol tp. 

Bristol p.b. 

Bristol.- tp. 

Bristol tp. 

Bristol.- p.v. 

Bristol.- tp. 

Bristol p.v. 

Bristol tp. 

Bristol tp. 

Bristol p.v. 

Bristol  Station p.v. 

Brtstolville p.v. 

Bristow p.v. 

British  Hollow p.h. 

Britt tp. 

Britt p.v. 

Britton's  Neck p.tp, 

Britt's tp. 

Broadalbin p.tp. 

Broad  Bay tp. 

Broad  Brook p.v. 

Broad  Creek hnd 

Broadhead p.v. 

Broadk'ln hnd 

Broad  River tp. 

Broad  River tp. 


Coanty. 


Addison 

Siiirslinll 

St.  Lawrence 

Berkshire 

Manpiette 

A|Niclie 

Box  Klder 

Sacramento 

Cook 

Macoupin 

Macoupin 

ClIBS 

Washington 

Wosiiiiigton 

Somerset 

Somerset 

Livingston 

Livingston 

Nicollet 

Franklin 

Monroe 

Monroe 

Clark 

Cuyahoga 

Lorain 

Beaver 

Hampton 

Tipton 

Essex 

Kenosha 

Marathon 

Miller 

Marlborough... 
Marlborough... 

Marion .- 

Calumet 

Calumet 

Peoria 

Peoria. 

Noble 

Hampden- 

Hampden  - 

Portage 

Portage 

Burke 

Carroll 

Monroe- 

Halifax 

Chenango 

Hartford 

Hartford 

Kendall 

Kendall 

Elkhart 

Greene 

Worth 

Lincoln  

Anne  Arundel- 
Fillmore 

Lincoln 

Grafton 

Grafton 

Ontario 

Morgan 

Perry 

Trumbull 

Bucks 

Bucks 

Bristol  

Sullivan 

Addison 

Addison 

Dane 

Kenoslia 

Kenosha 

Kendall 

Trumbull 

Butler 

Grant 

Hancock 

Hancock 

Marion 

Robeson 

Fulton 

Forsyth 

Hartford 

Sussex 

Rock  Castle 

Sussex 

McDowell 

Lexington 


State. 


Vt... 
Ky.. 
N.  Y. 

Mass 
Wis.. 
Arizona 
Utah..- 

Cal 

Ill 

Hi 

Ill 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 

Me 

Mo 

Mich... 
Mich.... 
Minn.., 
N.  Y-.., 

N.  Y 

N.  Y„.. 

Ohio 

Oliio 

Ohio 

Pa 

S.C 

Tenn .. 

Vt 

Wis , 

Wis 

Ark.-.. 

S.C 

S.C 

Ind 

Wis 

Wis 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Mass... 
Mass... 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio.... 

N.C 

Ind 

Ark.-.., 

N.  C 

N.  Y-.. 
Conn..., 
Conn..., 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Iowa..., 

Me 

Md 

Minn .. 

Nev 

N.  H-.. 
N.  11.... 
N.  Y-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

Pa 

R.  I 

Tenn..., 

Vt 

Vt 

Wis.-... 

Wis 

Wis.-.- 

111 

Ohio 

Iowa.... 

Wis 

Iowa..., 
Iowa..., 

S.C 

N.  C 

N.  Y 

N.  C 

Conn..., 

Del 

Ky 

Del 

N.  C 

8.C 


>  In  1872,  part  to  Walton. 
26S 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced 


»  In  1871,  from  part  of  Kendrlck. 


POPULATION   OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF   THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  KETUKNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Broad  River tp. 

Broad  Top tp. 

Broad  Top p.b. 

Broadway p.  v. 

Broadway tp. 

Broadway  Depot...p.T. 

Broudwell tp. 

Broadwell p.v. 

BrockiKjrt p.v. 

Brockton tp. 

Brockton p.r. 

Brockway .tp. 

Brock  way p.  v. 

Brockway p.tp. 

Brockway  Centre..p.v. 

Brock  wayville p.v. 

Brodhcad p.v. 

Brogdeu tp. 

Brogiievillo p.h. 

Broken  Straw tp. 

Brompton li. 

Bronson p.v. 

Bronson tp. 

Bronson p.v. 

Bronson tp. 

Bronxville p.v. 

Brookdalo tp. 

Brookfield tp. 

BrookfieUl tp. 

Brookfield p.h. 

Brooktield tp. 

Brookfield tp. 

Brookfield tp. 

Brookfield tp. 

Brookfield tp. 

Brookfield tp. 

Brookfield tp. 

Brookfield p.v. 

Brookfield p.tp. 

Brookfield tp. 

Brookfield tp. 

Brookfield tp. 

Brookfield p.v. 

Brookfield p.tp. 

Brookfield tp. 

Brookfield tp. 

Brookhaven p.v, 

Brookhaven tp. 

Brookhaven p.v. 

Brooking tp. 

Brooklin tp. 

Brookline p.tp. 

Brookline p.tp. 

Brookline tp. 

Brookline p.tp. 

Brookline  Statiou.p.b. 

Brooklyn p.h, 

Brooklyn tp. 

Brooklyn tp. 

Brooklyn _  .tp. 

Brooklyn U. 

Brooklyn tp. 

Brooklyn p.h. 

Brooklyn p.v. 

Brooklyn p.v. 

Brooklyn p.v. 

Brooklyn tp. 

Brooklyn p.h. 

Brooklyn h. 

Brooklyn c. 

Brooklyn tp. 

Brooklyn p.v. 

Brooklyn tp. 

Brookl.vn p.v. 

Brooklyn tp. 

Brooklyn tp. 

Brook  NeaU p.v. 

Brooks «......p.v. 

Brooks  „ tp. 

Brooks tp. 

Brooks p.h. 

Brooks tp. 

Brooksburg h. 

Brookside tp. 

Erooksido h. 

Brookside p.v, 

Brookston p.v. 

Brookston p.v. 

Brooksvillo p.v. 

Brooksville p.tp. 

Brookvale v 


County. 


York ~.. 

Bedford 

Huntingdon.. 

Warren 

Anderson 

Rockingbani . 

Logan 

Logan 

Monroe 

Plymouth 

Chautauqua— 

St.  Clair 

St.  Clair 

Stearns 

St.  Clair 

Jefferson 

Green 

Wayne 

York 

Warron 

Delta 

Levy 

Branch 

Branch 

Huron 

Westchester.. 

Hush 

Fairfield 

La  Salle 

Shelby „. 

Clinton 

Worth 

Worcester 

Katon 

Huron 

Renville 

Linn 

Linn 

Carroll 

Madison 

Noble 

Trumbull  _..., 

Trumbull 

Tioga 

Orange 

Waukesha..... 

liincoln 

Suffolk 

Suffolk 

Jackson 

Hancock 

Norfolk 

Hillsborough. 

Greene 

Windham 

Greeue 

Conecuh 

Alameda 

Windham 

Lee ~.... 

Lee 

Schuyler. 

Schuyler 

Morgan 

Poweshiek ..., 

Jackson 

Hennepin 

Harrison , 

Gloucester..... 

Kings 

Cuyahoga 

Cuyahoga , 

Susquehanna. 
Susquehanna. 

Green , 

Green  Lake„. 

Campbell , 

Adams 

Buena  Vista.. 

Waldo , 

Waldo , 

Newaygo , 

Jefferson 

Clinton- , 

Middlesex...., 

Morris 

White , 

Forest 

Bracken 

Hancock 

Fayette.. 


State. 


S.  0 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  J .... 

S.O 

Va. 

Ill 

Ill 

N.  Y..., 
Mass... 
N.Y.... 
Mich... 
Mich... 
Minn.. 
Mich... 

Pa 

Wis 

N.  C... 

Pa 

Pa 

Mich.., 

Fla 

Mich- 
Mich... 
Ohio.... 
N.  Y.... 
Kan ... 
Conn .. 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Mass... 
Mich.., 
Mich.., 
Minn  .. 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  H... 
N.  Y..., 
Ohio..., 
Ohio.... 
Ohio..., 

Pa 

Vt 

Wis 

Miss..., 
N.  Y..., 
N.  Y..., 

Mo 

Me 

Mass.. 
N.  H.. 

Mo 

Vt 

Mo  .... 

Ala 

Cal 

Conn  ., 

Ill 

Ill , 

HI 

Ill , 

Ind...., 
Iowa.., 
Mich. 
Miun  . 
Mo ...., 
N.  J ... 
N.  Y... 
Ohio..., 
Ohio..., 

Pa 

Pa 

■Wis 

Wis 

Va 

Iowa .. 
Iowa.., 

Me 

Me 

Mich.. 
Ind... 

Ill 

Mass.. 
N.J... 
Ind.... 

Pa 

Ky 

Me 

Pa 


Population. 


1,455 

1,626 

327 


1,378 


920 

194 

2,817 

8,007 

329 

1,330 


478 


1,548 
2,500 


1,048 


2,100 
""980 


1,193 
1,230 


1,040 

274 

2,527 

1,057 

116 


2,321 
402 
410 

3,5G5 
978 

2,057 


885 
1,209 
2,281 
1,614 
10,159 


900 

6,050 

741 


2,816 
2,354 
1,235 


1,071 


971 

544 

1,024 


390,099 

3,712 

648 

1,128 


1,111 
1.339 


974 
*99"i 


406 


348 
1,275 


2,246 

1,446 

298 

203 

1,903 

323 

866 

214 

4,039 

13,608 

288 

1,839 

125 

743 

352 

360 

1,254 

3,632 

46 

1,212 

94 

381 

2,116 

826 

1,092 

395 

604 

1,152 

1,087 

41 

1,037 

616 

2,820 

1,425 

432 

178 

3,133 

2,264 

428 

3,085 

1,000 

2,659 

296 

910 

1,239 

2,096 

1,615 

11,,'>44 

182 

1,247 

977 

8,057 

698 

1,822 

205 

143 

67 

7,484 

2,308 

1,296 

82 

1,134 

136 

244 

1,2.34 

470 

1,060 

71 

146 

566,603 

4,433 

1,295 

1,100 

156 

1.176 

1,304 

160 

227 

223 

877 

170 

1,497 

148 

951 

85 

187 

661 

276 

378 

1,419 

168 


Brookville tp. 

Brookville tp. 

Brookville p.v. 

Brookville p.h. 

Brookville p.v. 

Brookville p.v. 

Brookville tp. 

Brookville „....p.v. 

Brookville p.v. 

Brookville p.b. 

Broome tp. 

Broomfield tp. 

Brother's  Valley...tp. 

Brothertown „tp. 

Brothertown p.h. 

Broughton p.h. 

Broughton tp. 

Brouillett's  Creek. tp. 

Browers tp. 

Brown.„ tp. 

Brown- tp. 

Brown tp. 

Brown tp. 

Brown.- tp. 

Brown.- «tp. 

Brown tp. 

Brown tp. 

Brown tp. 

Brown tp. 

Brown- tp. 

Brown tp. 

Brown tp. 

Brown tp. 

Brown tp. 

Brown tp. 

Brown tp. 

Brown tp. 

Brown tp. 

Brown tp. 

Brown tp. 

Brown tp. 

Brownfleld tp. 

Browiifiold p.v. 

Brownhelm tp. 

Browning tp. 

Browning tp. 

Browning p.v. 

Browning p.v. 

Browning v. 

Browningsville p.h. 

Brownington v. 

Brownington p.tp, 

Brownmarsh tp. 

Bro  wusborough ...  .p.v. 

Brownsburg p.v. 

Brownsburg p.v. 

Brown's  Cornerg...p.h. 

Brown's  Creek tp. 

Brownsdale p.v. 

Browns  Grove tp. 

Browns  Grove p.h. 

Brown's  Station  ....p.h. 
Brown's  Summit...p.h. 

Brownstown v. 

Brow  nsto  wu p.v. 

Brownstown tp. 

Brownstown p.v. 

Brownstown tp. 

Brownstown h. 

Brownstown v. 

Brownstown h. 

Brownstown p.v. 

Brown's  Valley. — p.v. 

Brown's  Valley p.v. 

Brown's  Valley tp. 

Brown's  Valley h. 

Brownsville tp. 

Brownsville p.v. 

Brownsville p.v. 

Brownsville tp. 

Brownsville p.v. 

Brownsville p.h. 

Brownsville p.h, 

Brownsville  1 tp. 

Brownsville p.v. 

Brownsville v. 

Brownsville p.  v. 

Brownsville.. p.v, 

Brownsville ...v. 

Brownsville .....p.v. 

Brownsville p.b. 


County. 


Ogle 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Jefferson 

Saline 

Montgomery... 

Redwood 

Noxubee 

Montgomery ... 

Jefferson 

Schoharie 

Isabella 

Somerset 

Calumet 

Calumet 

Haniiltou  - 

Livingston 

Kdgar 

Randolph 

Columbia 

Champaign 

Hancock 

Hendricks , 

Martin 

Montgomery .., 

Morgan 

Ripley , 

Washington 

Linn , 

Edwards 

Manistee 

Carroll 

Barke 

Delaware- , 

Franklin , 

Knox 

Miami , 

Paulding 

Vinton 

Lycoming 

Mifflin , 

Oxford , 

Oxford 

Lorain 

Franklin 

Schuyler 

Schuyler 

Linn 

Sullivan 

Montgomery .., 

Henry , 

Orleans 

Bladen -.., 

Oldham 

Hendricks , 

Rockbridge 

Huntington 

Jewell 

Mower 

Pawnee 

Pawnee 

Boone 

Guilford 

New  Castle , 

Fayette 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Wayne.- 

Brown 

Indiana. 

Lancaster 

Kanawha 

Yuba 

Montgomery... 

Big  Stone 

Traverse 

Union 

Union 

Edniondson-... 

Piscataquis 

Piscataquis 

Washington 

Cnss 

Houston 

Houston 

Hinds 

Saline 

Licking 

Monroe- 

Linn 

Fayette- 


Ill 

740 

Ind 

4,207 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

201 

Md 

Minn... 

Miss 

Ohio 

Pa 

1,942 

N.Y 

1,834 

Mich.... 

118 

I'a 

1,597 

Wig 

1,605 

Wis.-... 

Ill 

Ill 

823 

Ill 

1,086 

N.  C 

781 

Ark 

1,090 

Ill 

486 

Ind 

1,329 

Ind 

1,233 

Ind 

1,048 

Ind 

2,126 

Ind 

1,673 

Ind 

2,234 

Ind 

1,521 

Iowa.... 

1,.'>81 

Mich ... 

459 

Ohio 

2,022 

Ohio 

1,239 

Ohio 

1,108 

Ohio 

819 

Ohio 

1,242 

Ohio 

l,6:i9 

Ohio 

1,140 

1  297 

Pa 

347 

Pa 

1,192 

Me 

1,323 

Me 

Ohio 

1,461 

Ill 

1,036 

Ill 

2,139 

Ill 

214 

Mo 

Mo 

Md 

Mo 

Vt 

001 

N.  0 

800 

Ky 

Ind 

651 

Va 

Ind 

Minn... 



Kan 

Mo 

N.  C-.., 



Del 

Ill 

Ind 

2,580 

Ind 

572 

Mich.... 

2,037 

Ohio..,.. 

Pa 

Pa. 

W.  Va.- 

Cal 

Ind 

Minn ... 



Minn ... 

Ind 

900 

Ind 

320 

Ky 

Me 

860 

Me 

Md 

Mich.... 

Minn ... 

1,689 

Minn... 

625 

Miss 



Mo 

Ohio 

3«4 

Ohio 

120 

Oregon. 
Pa 

1,749 

Population. 


1870.      1880, 


786 

4,315 

1,813 

61 

611 

206 

326 

284 

674 

2,136 

1,636 

292 

1,654 

1,752 

58 

200 

1,010 

1,417 

1,047 

1,206 

1,119 

1,400 

1,323 

1,234 

2,338 

1,651 

2,067 

1,403 

1,409 

360 

633 

2,305 

1,909 

1,178 

082 

1,152 

1,863 

1,458 

1,241 

296 

1,378 

1,229 

269 

1,497 

1,111 

1,628 

230 

18T 

93 

64 

251 

864 

993 

143 

66T 

220 

,    81 

66S 

346 

670 

41 

65 

r  94 

693 

121 

3,165 

849 

2,667 

^     49 

243 

200 

273 

163 

83 

836 

64 

1,197 

308 

116 

896 

374 

68 

89 

•700 

60T 

100 

1,182 

280 

84 

143 

1.489 


»  la  1870,  inclnding  Brownaville  Village. 


259 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PUoa. 


,....P.tp. 

P-v. 

,....p.h. 
,.p.h. 

,.p.T. 


County. 


Brown  •rille.... 
BrowDsrllle...' 
Brownsrille... 
BruwusTiUe.... 

Brow  II  tun 

lirowiitown.... 

Urowtiville ▼ 

Brown  ville.^ P-h. 

Bruwiiville ....p.v. 

Brown  ville. tp. 

BrowDville.M p.v. 

BruwnriUe ▼• 

Brownvllle U. 

Drown  wooU» p.T. 

Bruce tp. 

Brace tp. 

Bruce tp. 

Bmce ...tp. 

Bruceton  MlIU p.h. 

Brucelown v. 

Bruceville p.T. 

BruceviUe ▼. 

Brumley , ph. 

Brundidge p.T, 

Bruneraburg p.h. 

BniunerviUe p.T. 

Bruno tp. 

Brunot. p.h. 

BrunsoD p.v. 

Brunswick p.T. 

Brunswick.- p.h. 

Brunswick.- tp. 

Brunswick p.v, 

Brunswick* tp. 

Brunswick p.v, 

Brunswick tp. 

Brunswick- tp. 

Brunswick p.tp, 

Brunswick* tp. 

Brush  Creek tp. 

Brnsli  Croek p.v. 

Brush  Creek p.tp, 

Brush  Creek tp. 

Brush  Creek tp. 

Brusli  Creek*- tp. 

Brush  Creek tp. 

Brush  Creek tp. 

Brush  Creek p.tp. 

Brush  Creek tp. 

Brush  Creek tp. 

Brushland p.T. 

BrusIi  Landing v. 

Brushton p.v. 

Brush  ton- t. 

Brushtown v. 

Brush  Valley tp. 

Brushy  Creek p.tp. 

Brushy  Mound tp. 

Brushy  Mouiitain—tp. 

Brussels p.tp, 

Brutus. tp. 

Bryan  tp. 

Br}-an p.v. 

Bryansville p.h. 

Bryant-. p.v. 

Bryant-.,- p.h. 

]tryant-. p.v. 

Bryant.- tp. 

Bryan  tsburg p.h. 

Bryant's  Pond p.v. 

Bryan  tsvillo p.v. 

Vryantsviile p.v. 

Bryantsville p.h. 

Buchanan p.v. 

BuchHnan tp. 

Buchanan tp. 

Buchanan )i. 

Buchanan tp. 

Buchanan p.v. 

Buchanan tp. 

Buchanan tp. 

Buclianan tp. 

Buclianan. t. 

Buchanan p.v. 

Buclianan tp. 

Buchtel p.T. 

Buck- tp. 

Buck >. tp. 

Bock  4.. tp. 


Stote. 


Fayette.- ~ 

Marlborough., 

Cameron 

Wiudsor 

McLeod 

Warreu- 

Mitciieli.'."'.'.'.'.' 

Nemaha. « 

JelTerson 

Jefferson 

Ashtabula. 

Lebanon 

Brown 

La  Salle- 

Benton 

Macomb 

Guilford 

Preston. 

Clarke 

Knox- 

Carroll 

Miller 

Pike 

Defiance 

Lancaster , 

Butler 

Wayne 

Hampton...... 

Glynn 

Lake 

Cumberland.. 
Cumberland. 

Chariton 

Chariton 

Keusselaer.... 

Medina.- 

Essex 

Kau  Claire.... 

Wayne 

Fayette 

Faribault 

Gasconade 

Wright 

Yancey 

Highland.-... 

Jeffei-son 

Muskingum- 
Scioto 

Fulton 

Delaware 

West  BatonRouge 
Fmuklin  .... 
Alleghany.., 
Cumberland 

Indiana 

Anderson.-. 
Macoupin.-. 

Wilkes 

Door , 

Cayuga 

Surry 

Williams..... 

York 

Fulton 

Jay 

Clinton 

Graham 

Jefferson .... 

Oxford 

Lawrence-. 

Garrard 

Plymouth... 
Haralson.... 
Jefferson .... 


Taylor 

Berrien.-..., 

Berrien 

Atchison .... 

Douglas. 

Sullivan-.... 

Pike 

Botetourt.-, 
Outagamie., 

Athens 

Edgar 

Hardin...... 

Luzerne ...., 


Pa. 

8.  0 

Tex.-... 

Vt. 

Minn  ... 

Va 

Ala 

Iowa-.., 
Neb.-.., 

N.  Y 

N.  Y_,.. 

Ohio 

Pa 

Tex 

Ill , 

Iowa..., 
Mich... 

N.C 

W.  Va.. 

Va 

Ind 

Md 

Mo 

Ala 

Ohio-.. 

I'a. 

Kan .... 

Mo 

8.C 

Ga 

Ind 

Me 

Me 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y„.. 
Ohio..- 

Vt 

Wis 

111 

Iowa... 
Minn .. 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  C... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

N.  Y-.. 

La. 

N.  Y-., 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

8.C 

Ill 

N.  0 

Wis 

N.  Y— 

N.  0 

Ohio..- 

Pa. 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Kan.-., 

Ind 

Me 

Ind 

Ky 

Mass-., 

Ga. , 

Iowa.., 
Iowa.., 
Iowa.., 
Mich.., 
Mich.. 

Bio , 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio... 

Va 

Wis.... 
Ohio... 

Ill , 

Ohio..., 
Pa , 


Population. 


1870.     1880, 


286 
1,597 
4,»0S 


1,305 

8,219 

450 


1,921 

607 

2,145 

1,034 


2,348 


4,687 

1,449 

4,576 

1,045 

3,128 

980 

221 

575 

1,470 


422 
566 


495 
1,601 

097 
1,292 
1,410 

876 


1,606 
1,753 


434 

406 

2,621 

1,032 

2,284 


1,499 
771 


2,857 

1,702 

905 

430 

1,104 


794 

1,259 

674 


246 

1,U38 

4,938 

48 

75 

142 

2,224 

65 

1,:«)9 

2,024 

4U9 

127 

70 

726 

6,508 

774 

2,103 

918 

84 

198 

258 

76 

37 

387 

189 

i:j5 

634 

19 

1C7 

2,891 

88 

6,384 

2,410 

4,164 

1,801 

8,402 

94;$ 

193 

898 

1,682 

417 

601 

68;i 

665 

395 

1,651 

623 

1,210 

2,093 

820 

140 

216 

328 

165 

193 

1,365 

2,469 

917 

684 

999 

2,736 

1,295 

2,952 

45 

449 

189 

125 

285 

89 

211 

62 

119 

124 

158 

1,218 

1,044 

74 

2,898 

1,894 

757 

688 

995 

71 

414 

1,010 

417 

903 

1,610 

173 


PUc«. 


County, 


Buck  Creek tp. 

Buckeye -„.tp. 

Buckeye  — tp. 

Buckeye .- tp. 

Buckeye tp, 

Buckoystown p,v, 

Buckllcid tp. 

Buckhannon p.v. 

Buckliart tp. 

Uuckhart tp. 

Buck  Horn tp. 

Kuckhom tp, 

Itnckhorn tp. 

Buck  Horn p.T, 

Buckingham. tp. 

Burkingliani p.tp, 

Buckingham tp. 

Uucklaud tp. 

Buckland p.T, 

Buckland p.h. 

Buckley p.T. 

Bucklin tp. 

Bucklin p.T. 

Buckman tp. 

Buck  Mountain p.v. 

Ituckner p.v. 

Buck  Prairie' tp, 

Bucks tp, 

Bucks tp, 

Buckshoal tp. 

Buckskin tp, 

Bucksport tp. 

Biicksport tp. 

Bucksport p.v. 

Bucyrus tp, 

Bucyrus p.v, 

Buda p.v. 

Buel p.tp. 

Buell's  Lowell v. 

Buena  Vista tp. 

Buena  Vista tp. 

Buena  Vista p.v. 

Buena  Vista p.T, 

Buena  Vista tp. 

Buena  Vista p.h, 

Buena  Vista T, 

Buena  Vista h, 

Buena  Vista. tp, 

Buena  Vista tp, 

Buena  Vista tp, 

Buena  Vista tp. 

Buena  Vista v. 

Buena  Vista v, 

Buena  Vista p.v, 

Buena  Vista p,T, 

Buena  Vista h. 

Buena  Vista p.tp, 

Buena  Vista tp. 

Buffalo tp. 

Buffalo tp. 

Buffalo p.v. 

Buffalo  - p.T, 

Buffalo tp, 

Buffalo tp. 

Buffalo tp. 

Buffalo p.v. 

Buffalo tp. 

Buffalo tp. 

Buffalo tp. 

Buffalo tp. 

Buffalo p.v. 

Buffalo  - p.v, 

Buffalo tp. 

Buffalo tp. 

Buffalo tp. 

Buffalo tp, 

Buffalo tp, 

Buffalo c, 

Buffalo- tp, 

Buffalo  - tp. 

Buffalo  - tp. 

Buffalo- tp. 

Buffalo tp. 

Buffalo tp. 

Buffalo tp. 

Buffalo  - p.v. 

Buffalo p.v. 

Buffalo* tp. 

Buffalo p.T. 


Hancock 

Yolo 

Stephenson 

Hardin 

Dickinson 

Frederick 

Oxford 

U|)eliur.- 

Christian , 

Fulton 

Brown , 

Harnett 

Wake 

Columbia 

Tama 

Bucks 

W'ayne 

Franklin 

Auglaize 

Priuce  William. 

Iroquois 

Linn 

Linn 

Morrison 

Carbon 

Jackson 

Lawrence 

Tuscarawas 

Horry 

Yadkin 

Ross 

Humboldt 

Hancock 

Hancock 

Crawford 

Crawford 

Bureau 

Sanilac 

Washington 

Columbia 

Stanislaus 

Chaffee 

Marion 

Schuyler 

Stephenson 

Hamilton- 

Randolph 

Clayton 

Jasper 

Saginaw 

Atlantic , 

Fayette 

Scioto 

Polk 

Alleghany , 

Grant 

Portage , 

Richland 

Craighead 

Ogle 

Ogle 

Sangamon 

Buchanan 

Linn 

Scott , 

Scott , 

Barton 

Cloud , 

Jewell 

Wright 

Wright 

Dallas  

Dunklin 

McDonald 

Morgan , 

Newton 

Pike 

Erie 

Caldwell 

Noble 

Butler. , 

Perry 

Union , 

Washington 

Kershaw 

Leon , 

Pntnara 

Buffalo 

Buffalo , 


1870.      1880. 


Ind, 
Cal,. 
Ill-, 
Iowa.,., 

Kan 

Md 

Me 

W.  Va., 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

N.C 

N.  C.-.. 

Pa 

Iowa.., 

Pa 

Pa. 

Mass.., 
Ohio..., 

Va 

Ill 

Mo 

Mo 

Minn  . 

Pa , 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio..,, 
S.  C.,.. 
N.C- 
Ohio-. 

Col 

Me 

Me 

Ohio-. 
Ohio... 

Ill 

Mich.... 

Ohio 

Ark 

Cal 

Col 

Ga 

Ill 

HI 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa. ... 
Iowa.  ... 
Mich.... 

N.  J 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Oregon. 

Pa 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Ark 

Ill 

Ill 

HI 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Minn  „. 
Minn  „. 

Mo 

JIo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.  C. 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

S.C 

Tex 

W.  Va.- 

Wis 

Wis 


643 

785 

2,880 

117,714 

792 

780 
1,495 

770 
1,521 
1,1.S9 
1.7G4 


«  In  1874,  part  to  Triplett 
<  In  1874,  part  to  Drammen. 

260 


*  In  1878,  part  to  Green  Moun- 
tain. 


4  Since   1870,    part   to    Lacka- 
wanna County, 
*  III  1879,  part  to  Aurora. 


«  In  1870,  including  the  village* 
of  Buffalo  and  Fountain 
City. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED, 


County. 


Buffalo tp. 

Buffrtlo  Heiirt tp. 

IJiiffiilo  Park p.y. 

Buffalo  Prairie p.tp, 

BuHiiigtoa tp. 

Buford p.v. 

Biiforil p.T. 

Buford tp. 

Buford tp. 

Buford's  Bridge. ...tp. 

Bug  nni p.tp 

Bull  Creek tp. 

Bull  Head tp. 

BullionTille p.h. 

Bullock  Creek p.tp, 

Bull  Pond tp. 

Bull  Kun V. 

Bull's  City p.T. 

BulUkin tp. 

Bull  Swamp p.tp. 

Buncombe tp. 

Bunker  Hill p.v. 

Bunker  Hill tp. 

Bunker  Hill p.v. 

Bunker  Hill p.T. 

Bunker  Hill p.tp. 

Bunker  Hill y. 

Bunker  Hill v. 

Bunker  Hill p.h. 

Bunker  Hill p.h. 

BunkerviUe p.T. 

Bunkum b. 

Burbank p.T. 

Burbank tp. 

Burbank p.tp. 

B'lrliank p.T. 

Burchville tp. 

Burden tp. 

Burden  ville p.T. 

Burdott p.h. 

Burdette -p.T. 

Burdine tp. 

Bureau tp. 

Bureau  Junction... p.T. 

Burgaw  Depot p.T. 

Biirgettstown p.T. 

Burgli  Hill p.T. 

Burgeon p.T. 

Burke tp. 

Burke tp. 

Burke p.T. 

Burke tp. 

Burke p.T. 

Burke tp. 

BurkesTille p.h. 

Burkosville p.T. 

Burkevllle p.T. 

Burkeville p.T. 

Burkittavllle p.T. 

Burleigh tp. 

Burleson p.T. 

Burlingame tp. 

Bnrlingame p.T. 

Burlington tp. 

Burlington p.tp. 

Burlington tp. 

Burlington c. 

Burlington  1 tp. 

Burlington c. 

Burlington tp. 

Burlington p.tp, 

Burlington p.tp, 

Burli  ngton tp. 

Burlington p.T. 

Burl  i  ngton f  p. 

Burlington tp. 

Burlington c. 

Burlington tp. 

Burlington tp. 

Burlington t. 

Burlington tp. 

Burlington tp. 

Burlington p.b. 

Burlington c. 

Burlington p.h. 

Burlington tp. 

Burlington p.y. 

Burlington  Flatg...p.T. 

Burlington    Junc- 
tion  p.T. 

Burnersville p.h. 


Marqnette 

Sangamon 

GoTe 

Bock  Island 

Indiana 

Gwinnett 

Highland 

Union 

Lancaster 

Barnwell 

Columbus , 

Madison , 

Greene 

Lincoln..... , 

York.™ 

Barnwell , 

Alleghany 

Osborne 

Fayette 

Lexington 

Sioux 

Macoupin , 

Macoupin 

Miami 

Kussell 

Ingham 

Schuylkill 

Westmoreland™ 

Giles 

Berkeley 

Lincoln ™... 

Dearborn 

Clay 

Piscataquis 

Kandiyohi 

Wayne 

St.  Clair 

Osceola 

Cowley 

Bates 

Schuyler 

Texas 

Bureau 

Burean 

Ponder 

Washington 

Trumbull , 

Sandusky 

Pipe  Stone , 

Franklin 

Franklin , 

Caledonia , 

Caledonia 

Dane , 

Monroe 

Cumberland.... 

Newton 

Nottoway 

Frederick 

Iosco , 

Franklin 

Osage 

Osage 

Hartford 

Kane 

Carroll  

Des  Moines 

Dos  Moines 

Coffey , 

Coflfey , 

Penobscot 

Mid'Uesex 

Calhoun 

Calhoun 

Ijapcor 

Becker 

Burlington 

Burlington 

Otsego 

Fulton 

Licking 

Bradford 

Bradford 

Chittenden 

Mineral 

Itacine 

Racine 

Otsego 


Nodaway.. 
Barbour... 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Wis. 
111..., 
Kan. 
111.... 
Pa-. 

Ga 

Ohio 

N.  C 

S.  C 

S.  C 

N.  C 

N.  C 

N.  C 

NeT 

S.  C 

S.  C 

Pa 

Kan 

Pa 

S.  0.„... 
Iowa.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Kan 

Mich.... 

Pa 

Pa 

Tenn..., 

W.Va... 

Not 

Ind 

Dakota 

Me 

Minn  .. 

Ohio 

Mich.... 

Mich. 

Kan.. 

Mo... 

N.Y.. 

Mo... 

Ill 

Ill 

N.  C. 

Pa 

Ohio.. 

Ohio.. 

Minn 

N.Y.. 

N.Y.. 

Vt.... 

Vt.... 

Wis... 

Ill 

Ky... 

Tex 

Va 

Md 

Mich..., 

Ala 

Kan...., 

Kan ...., 

Conn..., 

Ill , 

Ind 

Iowa..., 

Iowa..., 

Kan .... 

Kan .... 

Me 

MtUS.... 

Mich... 

Mich..., 

Mich... 

Minn  .. 

N.  J .... 

N.  J.... 

N.  Y.... 

Ohio.... 

Ohio.... 

Pa 

Pa 

Vt 

W.  Va. 

Wis 

Wis 

N.  Y.... 


812 
638 


1,291 
877 


Mo 

W.Va, 


1,158 

1,142 

1,386 

613 


3,068 
2,400 


1,657 
933 


258 
726 


316 
1,146 


2,141 
"i',162 
"*i',127 


1,549 
655 

1,319 
919 

1,198 
14,930 
14,930 
960 
640 
553 
626 

1,485 


880 


5,817 
6,842 
1,476 


1,061 

1,375 

20:j 

14,387 


2,762 
1,589 


750 

572 

147 

1,122 

819 

396 

125 

2,022 

1,677 

1,567 

912 

2,212 

1,516 

68 

3,346 

2,600 

350 

173 

2,732 

943 

291 

1,441 

2,9:J5 

696 

135 

1,099 

140 

327 

75 

90 

159 

79 

31 

25 

408 

293 

752 

647 

157 

64 

292 

425 

947 

240 

184 

876 

222 

110 

152 

2,161 

96 

1,252 

119 

1,002 

111 

434 

109 

2:!7 

280 

134 

79 

4,o:n 

1,370 
1,'224 

883 
1,364 
19,450 
2,024 
2,011 

676 

636 

711 
1,638 

328 
1,252 

338 
6,090 
7,2.37 
1,599 
99 
1,073 
1,094 

200 

11,365 

66 

2,738 

1,611 

124 

657 
77 


Burnet p.T. 

Burnett p.tp, 

Burnett tp. 

Burnett p.T. 

BurnettsTille t. 

Burnham tp. 

BurnhamsTille tp. 

Burning  Springs. ..p.T. 

Burningtown p.tp. 

Burnip'g  Corners  ...p.T, 

Burns p.tp. 

Burns tp. 

Burns p.tp. 

Burns t. 

Bums p.tp. 

Burns tp. 

Burns p.tp, 

Burnside „tp. 

Burnside tp. 

Burnside tp. 

Burnside tp. 

Burnside tp. 

Burnside .p.b. 

Burnside tp. 

Burnstown tp. 

Burnsville p.T. 

BurnsTille tp. 

Burnsrille p.T. 

BumsTille tp. 

BurnsTille tp. 

Burnsville p.h. 

Burnt  Cabins p.h. 

Burnt  Chimney p.h. 

Burnt  Corn p.h. 

Burnt  Hills p.h. 

Burnt  Prairie tp. 

Burnt  Swamp. tp. 

Burrell tp. 

Burrell tp. 

Burrell tp. 

Burrillville p.tp. 

Burris  Fork tp. 

Burritt tp. 

Burr  Oak tp. 

Burr  Oak tp. 

Burr  Oak p.v. 

Burr  Oak tp. 

Burr  Oak tp. 

Burr  Oak p.T. 

Burr  Oak (p. 

Burr  Oak p.T. 

Burr  Oak- tp. 

Burrows p.h. 

Burrsville p.h. 

Burrton tp. 

Burrton p.h. 

Burrville h. 

Burt tp. 

Burton tp. 

Burton p.T. 

Burton tp. 

Burton tp. 

Burton tp. 

Burton tp. 

Burton p.T. 

Burton T. 

Burton p.T. 

Burton p.h. 

Burton p.h. 

Burtonsville p.h. 

Burt's  Creek t. 

Buse tp. 

Bush  Hill p.T. 

Bushkill tp. 

BuBhkill p.T. 

Bushnell tp. 

Bushnell p.T. 

Bushnell tp. 

Bushnell's  Basin...p.h. 

Busby  Fork tp. 

Bnsseron tp. 

Bussey p.T. 

Bus-seyviUe p.h. 

Busti tp. 

Butcher  Ranch p.T. 

Butler p.T. 

Butler tp. 

Butler p.T. 

Butler tp. 

Butler*. tp. 

Butler......... .... p.T. 


County. 


Burnet , 

Santa  Clara..., 

Dodge , 

Dodge 

White 

Waldo 

Todd 

Wirt 

Macon 

Allegan- 

Henry 

Shiawassee.... 

Anoka 

Brown 

Alleghany 

Colleton 

La  Crosse 

Johnson 

Lapeor 

Goodhue 

Centre 

Clearfield 

Clearfield 

Trempealeau. 

Brown 

Bartholomew. 

Dakota 

Tishemingo  -, 

Anson 

Yancey 

Braxton 

Fulton 

Rutherford..., 

Monroe 

Saratoga 

White 

Robeson 

Decatur 

Armstrong 

Indiana 

Providence 

Moniteau 

Winnebago 

Mitchell 

Winneshiek 

Winneshiek 

Doniphan 

Jewell 

Jewell 

St.  Joseph 

St.  Joseph 

Lincoln - 

Carroll 

Caroline 

Harvey 

Harvey 

Ocean 

Chebo3-gan 

Adams 

Adams 

McIIenry 

Genesee 

Yellow  Medicine. 

Geauga 

Geauga 

Wayne „ 

Washington 

Wetzel 

Grant 

Montgomery 

Middlesex 

Otter  Tail 

Randolph 

Northampton 

Pike 

McDonough 

McDonough 

Montcalm 

Monroe 

Person 

K<iox 

Marion 

Jefferson 

Chautauqua 

Placer 

Choctaw 

Montgomery 

Montgomery 

Vermilion 

De  Kalb 

De  Kalb 


Tex.-.. 

Cal 

Wis.... 
Wis.... 

Ind 

Me 

Minn  . 
W.  Va 
N.  C-., 
Mich.. 

Ill 

Mich.... 
Minn... 
Minn ... 

N.  Y 

S.  C 

Wis 

Ill 

Mich.... 
Minn... 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Wis 

Minn  ... 

Ind 

Minn ... 
Miss.. ., 
N.  C..., 
N.  C-. 
W.Va 

Pa 

N.C-. 

Ala 

N.  Y-., 

Ill 

N.  C„. 
Iowa.., 

Pa 

Pa 

R.  I.-. 
Mo ...., 

Ill 

Iowa.. 

Iowa.. 

Iowa.. 

Kan... 

Kan-. 

Kan-., 

Mich.... 

Mich... 

Mo 

Ind 

Md 

Kan  -.. 
Kan  „.. 
N.  J  -.. 
Mich..., 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Mich... 
Minn.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 

Tex 

W.  Va. 

Wis 

N.  Y-.. 
N.  J-... 
Minn ... 
N.  C-... 

Pa 

Pa. 

HI 

Ill 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

N.  C_... 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Wis 

N.  Y 

Cal 

Ala 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


280 
802 
981 


270 

788 


1,144 

1,557 

340 


1.340 


943 

1,282 

1,173 

396 

386 

1,624 


642 
174 


1,038 
605 
125 


2,186 
1,511 
852 
964 
1,374 
4,674 


991 
425 
960 


1,911 
724 


72 

1,423 

130 

281 

1,667 


1,001 


2,581 
2,0a3 
1,266 


1,425 
1,283 


1,844 


2,107 

1,648 

925 

1,209 


490 

665 

1,117 

113 

296 

967 

392 

4.34 

697 

91 

1,023 

1,676 

622 

167 

1,671 

1,990 

1,021 

2,249 

2,110 

658 

465 

1,613 

279 

1,591 

432 

82 

388 

240 

1,557 

709 

120 

118 

110 

33 

ISO 

1,993 

1,875 

1,368 

1,047 

1,770 

5,714 

1,218 

879 

712 

826 

199 

1,014 

1,237 

425 

1,837 

721 

1,289 

109 

!)3 

714 

386 

291 

340 

1,374 

684 

294 

1,363 

143 

1,1.30 

480 

180 

126 

146 

28 

138 

209 

315 

131 

1,779 

88 

2,737 

2,316 

1,482 

171 

1,748 

1,801 

104 

53 

1,901 

227 

194 

1,22« 

387 

2,01 » 

8.31 

1,05« 


*  la  1870,  Including  city  of  ^orlii^ton.,. 


t  In  1875,  part  to  Keyser. 


261 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  BETUKNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


>In  187S,th)Bipvtof  Sfamnaa.      •  Sue*  18T0,  part  of  Cedn  li-     *In  1870,  toelndins  OtkdonU      '  Since    1870,   arem   moeli    l»- 
*  la  U74,  put  to  Cjvnm^  tacfaad.  TUUfte.  daced. 

*  lododlng  Conway.  *  Since  1870,  part  to  Conocaiiaiy. 


POPrLATIOX  OP  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OP  THE  ITSITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AUD  1880  COMPARED. 


Ftee«. 


OD«a47. 


Stata. 


UTDl      1880. 


Place. 


Goaty. 


State. 


Um.      1880. 


CMbonliXflli — fJp^ 


tjmt  i,no 


CUifgni^ 


Ia4- 


Cblif 


CUiSmii — 
CkliC 


-*. 


OUdu 


Chi. 


CklktMvffla 

t^lfa*— r*-" — *-  r** 


CUlM«7- 
CU1« 


.pik.   Vi 


CMIJHW  .  tfL 

dmnw   ..-_-.|JI. 
ftlHnww  I>«po«....pLT. 

omiif  >> 


CUpaOa. 


-fLT. 


OUiiy  ■       t». 

CUtMy     I.I  i>  T. 

OUrart ty 


FOw. 


CklTOTt- 

OUrartCHT- 


■*■▼- 
-p.T. 


OilTta ._.     I,  ty. 

ChlTln  I  ptp 


KoaddaLM. 


Itaniaai^ 

Soflblk 

BklUaora 
Jewell 


CUtj __p.tp. 

cMwwii m 

Ot}WM*  ,      1I.T. 

Ciwiiirhe _tpL 

.p.T. 
-tp. 


.-tp. 
-tp. 


FraiikUii.« 

CUI%«a7 

OalUway_. 

CUntoa 

CUatoa 


-tp. 
-PJ». 


Ceabcfa  MOJa  __p.T. 
Ouriifidse tp. 

Oaabfidse p.T. 

CuaMdga— ..„_pT. 

Oualiffdge _tp. 

Ourinfiie* pLh. 

n— Iwiilgo  pw 

Ouebridge*. e. 

Onabrii^ p.tp. 

OuOitidge tp. 

CambridgB _p.T. 

OMebcVlgw .^tp. 

OuabiMgB p.T. 

C— ihridpi ^p.r. 

OwabridcB .-..^ 

OuBbt{>ig8 tp. 

OisbTidgF__.  _p.T. 
CHiibridge_„.__tp. 

GbMbridge _p.r. 

OmbiMge ,,ii..tr- 

OBBbridce pJk 

Omliridgs,___...tp. 

OMfciHa*  P.T. 

OiialwIilylwemh.pbL 
OuabrUge  Citj„.p.T. 
CbiBbriJgeport„_pT, 

Cemdeo .._ pr. 

fV»1^^1l .    .    , , ,        p  ir_ 


DonglM 

Montgiitiy- 
8aliaaL....__.. 
HiUadalc__ 
BIiiaSuth_ 
Siegera 

ChabriiL 

OuBbtia ^- 

Lmanm, ,,.,.., 
Oolnailaa      .. 


Henry , 

Baniy 

StoiT 

Oovley 

SiNueiaeC^H 
Someiact— 
Dotdieatsr. 
Wddleaez... 
Luiawea—- 


Saline. 

Fan>as___. 

Coca I 

WaaUnstoa— __ 


GaanMqr- 
Ouernaay— ■■ 
Cfeawltarrt  .■■■#■ 


Lamoflle 

LMBoUla..- 

Daoe ._ 

Cnwlbcd__ 

Wayne 

Wimlhia  ., 
Wilcox—— 
Oaacluta_ 


m 


CbrMT. 


i.n6 


OMJAt.- 


t.T3^ 


1,8M 


Ouaeroa- 


1,168 


Onaetaa  Kllla f,r. 

Onania p.T. 

ChadUai tp. 


1/83 


m 


IfilS 


1^1 


U»12 


OuapbaU. 
Ctaaqibaa. 


OMipbaU  Hill p.T. 

OmpbatlafaaiK P-t. 

Ounpbellabaiig._^T. 
Ounpballiport  »_p.T. 
Gaapbeir*  StatioaJL 
QunpballBTaie._.piT. 
CunpbtflaTilla. — pJi. 
OuapiialUowa  _>.p.T. 
Qtaap  Bo«ie...._T. 
Ou^i  Bkaadi.__tp. 

Ouap  Iteanch tp. 

Oaaip  Ohita..  pv. 
Chaip  Oolando._>4iLT. 
OMvCraak  — 
Oaaqi  Deniaan 
Ctaaip  Giant... 

Camp  Hill 

Ounp  Howard. 
Oaaip  Take  ., 

Oaaipo 

Oasipo  Bello. 

Gaaipo  Bello._— —pji. 

OaaapoSem tp. 

Campo  8aeo.__— pT. 

OuapPcdBt. tpL 

Oaap  Potat.    ..i    p-T. 

Ctaaip  Balaaaa. p  tpi 

Ckav  8aa  biMU.— ph. 

Chagp  TboauM. pJi. 

Cbaapti— ._~.~p.T. 

Ofeaptoa  ___ ^p.tp. 

Oampton    -p.T. 

Oaaptoa        .....  tp 
Otmpton  i-p.T. 

Oaai|<i>aa — ..._t. 

OMiprfflla PiT. 

Cbaip  WaAlngtwi  tp. 
Cbnain  n    . _.__tp. 


Ffaia- 


Cnmbetiand. 

Swift. 

au  Diago. — 

SpartaaUirg., 

Spartaaborg.. 

CUai 

Gala' 


LaeOaiFaria 

McCollaeh 

Pima 


lad. 


M» 


1,428 

1,334 

161 


1,258 
901 


2,»51 


2,130 


1,257 


1  In  1870,  part  to  Pleaaant. 


<  In  1872,  part  to  FtairieTina. 


*  In  HSO,  part  of  Bcteont  annexed. 
203 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Plac*. 


..p.T. 

..tp. 

,.tp. 

..p.». 

..p.tp, 

..p.tp. 

.p.tp. 


0«naan».... 
Oansau^.... 

Okoaan 

CMtaan..... 
Okiiaan..... 

Cnnun 

C«nnaii 

Caiinnii tp, 

CanitHn tp. 

CHuaan tp. 

CiiDiian tp. 

Oaiiauu p.v. 

Canaan tp. 

CaiiaikD tp. 

Oanaaii p.h. 

Cauaaii   Fuur  Cor- 

iioni p.T. 

Canannsrille ▼, 

Oanailai tp. 

Caua*la li. 

Canada. tp. 

Canaila  Oorners...._p.h. 

CauudeiisU p.r, 

Canadian tp. 

Canadice p.tp. 

Canajoliario tp. 

Oannjubarie _.p.v. 

Canal p.tp. 

Canal  Dover ....p.v. 

Canal  Fulton... p.v. 

Canal  Lewi9VilIo....p.v. 
Canal  Winchc8ter.»i>.v. 

Canandaigua p.v. 

Cauandaigua ....tp. 

Canandaigua p.v. 

Cauaniie p.v. 

Canasoraga... p.v, 

Canasoraga v, 

Canastuta p.v. 

Can  by p.v. 

Canby p.h. 

Candularia »p.v. 

Candia. tp. 

Cnndia p.v. 

Candia  Village p.h. 

Camllowood v. 

Candlewood v. 

Candor tp. 

Candor„ tp. 

Candor p.v. 

Candor  > p.h. 

Cane tp. 

Caneadea- tp. 

Caneadea p.v. 

Cane  Creek tp. 

(kine  Creek ...tp. 

Ciino  Creek p.tp. 

Cane  Creek tp. 

Cane  Hill tp. 

Cane  Hill p.h. 

Oani'Diah  _ v. 

Cancy „ ....tp. 

Caney tp. 

Cauey tp. 

Caney tp. 

Cauey  Fork tp. 

Cauey  Fork tp. 

Caney  Itivor tp. 

Coney  viHe tp. 

Caney  ville p.h. 

Canfleld p.v. 

Caufifid tp. 

Canfield p.v. 

Cauisteo p.tp, 

Canisteo ....tp. 

Canisteo p.v. 

Cannier v. 

Cannelburg ....p.v. 

Canneltiin p.v. 

Cannon tp. 

Cannon  City tp. 

Cannon  FulU tp. 

Oinnon  Klver  Fall8.p.T. 

Cannon's  « tp. 

Cuunoiisburg p.v. 

Cannonxbiirg p.b. 

Cannon's  Ferry h. 

CannonKvillo p.v. 

Cannonrille p.v. 

Cunoo »..tp. 

Canoe tp. 


County. 


JofleraoD.... 

Henry « 

Somerset.... 
Somerset.... 
Oaacouade .. 

Orafton 

Columbia.^. 

Athens ., 

Madison... .< 

Morrow 

Wayne , 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Essex- 

Essex. 


Columbia.- 

Holmes. 

Labette 

Genesee 

Jackson 

Muskegon 

Monroe 

Mississippi 

Ontario 

Montgomery 

Montgomery 

Venango 

Tuscarawas-. 

Stark 

Coshocton , 

Franklin 

Lenawee 

Ontario.- 

Ontario.- 

Kings 

Alleghany 

Madison 

Madison 

Yellow  Medicine. 

Clackamas 

Esmeralda 

Uockingliam 

Itockingbam 

Uockingliam 

Middlesex- 

Essex 

Otter  Tall 

Tioga 

Tioga 

Washington 

White 

Alleghany -., 

Alleghany , 

Lincoln- 

Logan 

Butler , 

Lancaster 

Washington 

Cedar- 

Clackamas 

Independence-.., 

Nevada 

Woodruff 

Montgomery 

Pike 

Jackson- 

Yancey.- 

Chautauqua. 

Grayson 

Boulder 

Mahoning 

Mahoning 

Dodge 

Steuben- 

Steuben- 

Hart 

Daviess. 

Perry- 

Kent.-.......„ 

Klce 

Goodhue 

Goodhue 

Newberry  - 

Kent.- 

Washington- 

Sussex 

Delaware.- 

Iron 

Winneshiek- 

Indiana- 


State. 


Ind.... 
Iowa... 

Me 

Me 

Mo 

N.H-. 
N.  T-. 
Ohio.. 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 

Pa 

Vt 

Vt 


N.  T 

Olilo 

Kan  -.., 
N.  Y-.., 
N.  C._.., 
Mich.... 

Pa 

Ark. 

N.  Y 

N.  Y-... 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Ohio 

Ohio-.., 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Mich..., 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  Y-.. 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Minn ... 
Oregon. 

Nov 

N.  H..., 
N.  H... 
N.  H.... 
Conn... 
Mass.... 
Minn  .. 
N.  Y-.. 
N.  Y-.. 

Pa 

Ark.-.. 
N.  Y„.. 
N.  Y-.. 
Ark.-.. 

Ark 

Mo 

S.  C 

Ark 

Mo 

Oregon. 

Ark. 

Ark. 

Ark. 

Kan 

Ark. 

N.C. 

N.C. 

Kan 

Ky.., 

Col... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Minn.... 

N.  Y.... 

N.  Y-.. 

Ky 

Ind 

Ind 

Mich... 
Minn ... 
Minn .. 
Minn .. 

S.  C 

Mich.... 

Pa- 

Del 

N.  Y-... 
Utah..., 
Iowa.,., 
Pa , 


Population, 


1870.      1880, 


784 
1,472 


1,107 
1,877 
1,877 
1,64.1 
729 
1,109 
1,997 


330 
905 
4,256 
1,822 
980 
1,593 
1,048 


633 


7,274 
4,8U2 


1,402 


4,260 


1,8G9 
236 


323 
1,759 
1,611 


177 
845 


3G1 

199 

951 

1,202 


1,513 
640 
880 

2,43.') 


2-25 


2,481 

1,206 

610 

957 


1,224 

"oii 
"avo 


864 
998 


86 

1,036 

1,281 

287 

1,451 

1,762 

1,664 

1,499 

896 

1,087 

2,136 

132 

676 

637 

162 

216 
111 

676 

80 

882 

62 

132 

672 

895 

4,294 

2,013 

l,aiO 

2,208 

1,196 

251 

860 

126 

8,363 

5,726 

1,700 

701 

144 

1,509 

331 

29 

756 

1,340 

130 

112 

187 

229 

180 

4,323 

966 

60 

694 

1,764 

192 

1,097 

705 

841 

2,319 

1,744 

37 

183 

266 

873 

89 

1,151 

245 

690 

1,858 

864 

235 

63 

1,628 

650 

914 

3,694 

1,907 

196 

159 

1,834 

1,220 

1,188 

1,046 

942 

1,840 

130 

699 

98 

268 

137 

991 

1,217 


riac«. 


Canoe  Creek tp. 

Canoga. p.v. 

CaDonuito v. 

Canon  City p.v. 

Cafion  City ...,p,T. 

Cafion  de  Jeme8....v. 

Cation  Largo v. 

Cansiis  Branch v. 

Canterbury ...tp. 

Canterbury  - p.v. 

Canterbury p.v. 

Canterbury- p.tp. 

Canton  - tp. 

Canton  - p.v. 

Canton  - p.v. 

Canton  - p.v. 

Canton  - tp. 

Canton  - p.v. 

Canton  -.. p.v. 

Canton  - tp. 

Canton  - tp. 

Canton p.v. 

Canton p.v. 

Canton  - tp. 

Canton p.v. 

Canton  - v. 

Canton  - p.tp. 

Canton p.tp. 

Canton  - tp. 

Canton  - p.v. 

Canton tp. 

Canton p.v. 

Canton  - tp. 

Canton  - p.v. 

Canton c. 

Canton tp. 

Canton tp. 

Canton  - p.b. 

Canton  - tp. 

Canton p.v. 

Canton tp. 

Cantrali p.v. 

Cantril p.v. 

Canville tp. 

Canyon  ville v. 

Capac p.v. 

Cape  Elizabeth.-...  tp. 

Cape  Fear tp. 

Cape  Fear tp. 

Cape  Girardeau a 

Cape  Girardeau tp. 

Cape  May c. 

Cape  Slay  C.  H p.r. 

Cape  May  Polnt....p.b. 

Cape  Vincent tp. 

Cape  Vincent p.v. 

Cipioma p.tp. 

Cappeln p.h, 

Capp's  Creek.- tp. 

Capi'on p.v. 

Carbon p.v. 

Carbon p.v. 

Carbon  ' tp. 

Carbon h. 

Carbon p.v. 

Curbonateville v. 

Carlion  Cliff. p.v. 

Carbondale.- tp. 

Carbunrlale— p.v. 

Carbondale p.v. 

Carbondale c. 

Carbondale tp. 

Carbon  Kun p.v. 

Cardington  - tp. 

CardingtoD  - p.v. 

Cardoiiia. p.v. 

Carey p.v. 

Caribou _..p,v. 

Caribou tp. 

Caribou .....p.v. 

Cariniona p.tp. 

Carl tp. 

Carl p.h. 

Carletou p.v. 

Carleton p.v, 

Carlin „ tp, 

Carlin p.v. 

Carlinvillo ...,tp. 

Carllnville p.v. 

Carlisle tp. 

Carlisle p.v. 


Oonntyt 


Rock  Island 

Seneca 

lUo  Arriba. 

Fremont 

Grant- 

Bernalillo 

San  Miguel 

McKeun 

Windham 

Windham- 

Kent 

Morrimaci 

Hartford 

Hartford 

Lincoln.. 

Cherokee 

Fulton 

Fulton 

Washington 

Benton 

McPhorson 

BIcPherson 

Trigg 

Oxford 

Oxford 

Baltimore 

Norfolk 

Wayne 

Fillmore 

Madison 

Lewis 

Lewis 

St.  Lawrence 

St.  Lawrence. 

Stark 

Stark 

Bradford 

Bradford 

Washington 

Van  Zandt 

Buffalo 

Sangamon 

Van  Buren 

Neosho 

Douglas 

St  Clair 

Cumberland- 

Chatham 

New  Hanover 

Cape  Girardeau... 
Cape  Girardeau... 

Cnpe  May 

Cajje  May 

Cape  May.- 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Nemaha 

St.  Charles 

Barry 

Boone 

Clay 

Adams 

Hnntiiigdou 

Lawrence 

Carbon 

Summit- 

Kock  Island 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Osage 

Lackawanna. 

Lackawanna. 

Bradford 

Morrow 

Morrow 

Clay 

Wyandot 

Boulder- 

Aroostook 

Aroostook- 

Fillmore 

Adams 

Adams 

Monroe 

Thayer— 

Calhoun 

Elko 

Macoupin 

Macouj>in 

Prairie 

Prairie 


111-.. 
N.  Y 

N.  Mex. 
Col.. 
Oregon. 
N.  Mex. 
N.  Mex. 

Pa 

Conn.... 
Conn..- 

Del 

N.  H 

Conn.... 
Conn..., 

Dak 

Ga. 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Kan- 

Kan- 

Ky 

Me 

Me..... 
Md..., 
Mass . 
Mich. 
Minn  ... 

Miss 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y-„, 
N.  Y„.., 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Tex 

Wis 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Oregon 
Mich.... 

Mo 

N.  C. 

N.C- 

Mo... 

Mo... 

N.J.. 

N.  J., 

N.  J.. 

N.  Y. 

N.  Y. 

Kan., 

Mo... 

Jlo... 

III.... 

Ind.. 

Iowa 

Pa.... 

Pa.... 

Wvom.. 

Col.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Kan.- 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Ohio.. 
Ohlo- 
Ind... 
Ohio- 
Col 

Me.... 
Me.... 
Minn 
Iowa. 
Iowa. 
Mich. 
Neb.- 
III-.... 
Nov.-, 

Ill , 

111 

Ark- 
Ark.- 


I  In  1872.  Mrt  to  Howard. 
261 


*  In  1870,  Including  Broad  Top  City  and  Coalmont 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF   THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Carlisle p.T. 

Carlisle p.  v. 

Carlisle p.r. 

Carlisle p.tp. 

Carlisle tp. 

Carlisle p.ta. 

Curlisle h. 

Carlisle tp. 

Carlisle T. 

Carlisle p.b. 

Carlisle  Station p.h. 

Carlos  > tp. 

Carlowville ..h. 

Carlstadt p.  v. 

Carlstou tp. 

Carlton tp. 

Carlton tp. 

Carlton p.tp. 

Carlton p.b. 

Carlton p.tp. 

Carlyle tp. 

Curly  le „ p.v. 

Carman p.h. 

Carniel p.v. 

Carmel p.tp. 

Carmel tp. 

Carmel tp. 

Carniel ...p.v. 

Carnii..... tp. 

Carmi p.T. 

Carmichael p.b. 

Curmichaol tp. 

Carn tp. 

Carnesville p.v, 

Caro p.y. 

Caroga tp. 

Carolina  Mills v. 

Carolina  Mills p.v. 

Caroline tp. 

Caroline p.tp. 

Caroline h. 

Caroline  Centre. ...p.h. 

Carondelet* tp. 

Carpenter tp. 

Carpenter p.v. 

Carpenter tp. 

Carpenter p.v. 

Carpenter h. 

Carpenter tp. 

Carpentersville  ...„p.v. 

Carpentersvillo p.h. 

Carp  Lake p.tp. 

Carp  Lake tp. 

Carr _.tp. 

Carr —tp. 

Carr  Creek tp. 

Carrigan p.tp. 

Carroll tp. 

Carroll tp. 

Carroll  3 tp. 

Carroll tp. 

Carroll tp. 

Carroll .p.tp. 

Carroll  < tp. 

Carroll tp. 

Carroll tp. 

Carroll tp. 

Carroll tp, 

Carroll p.T. 

Carroll tp. 

Carroll  6 tp. 

Carroll tp. 

Carroll' tp. 

Carroll tp. 

Carroll  City p.v. 

Carrollton p  v. 

CarroUton tp. 

Carrollton tp. 

Carrollton p.T. 

Carrollton p.y. 

Carrollton tp. 

Carrollton p.T. 

Carrollton tp. 

Carrollton p.h. 

Carrollton p.T. 

Carrollton p.T. 

Carrollton' p.T. 

Carrollton v. 


County. 


Snllivan , 

Warren 

Nicholas 

Middlesex.... 

Schoharie 

Schoharie 

Brown , 

Lorain 

Noble 

Cumberland.. 

AVarren 

Douglas , 

Dallas 

Bergen 

Freeborn 

Tama 

Barry „, 

Orleans 

Yam  Hill 

Kewaunee 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Henderson...., 

Hamilton 

I'enobscot. 

Katon 

Putnam 

Putnam , 

White ..., 

White 

Greene 

Marion , 

Colleton 

Franklin 

Tuscola 

Fulton 

Alamance 

Washington... 

Lonoke 

Tompkins 

Seneca 

Tompkins 

St.  Louis 

Clay 

Madison 

.las  per 

Mitchell 

Lapeer 

Langlade 

Kane 

Putnam 

Emmett 

Ontonagon..., 

Clarke 

Jackson 

Mitchel 

Marion 

Ouachita 

Vermilion 

Carroll 

O'Brien 

Tama 

Penobscot 

Platte 

Reynolds 

Texas 

Coos 

Chautauqua... 

Fairfield 

Ottawa 

Cambria 

Perry 

Washington... 

York 

Carroll 

Pickens 

Boone 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Greene 

Greene 

Carroll 

Hancock 

CaiToll.. 

Carroll 

Jefierson 

Baltimore , 


Ind 

Iowa.... 

Ky 

Mass .... 
N.  Y_... 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Ohio 

Minn ... 

Ala... 

N.  J.. 

Minn 

Iowa. 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

Oregon 

Wis 

Ill 

III..  .. 

HI 

Ind... 
Me.... 
Mich. 
N.Y.. 
K.  Y.. 

Ill 

Ill 

Pa 

S.  C..., 
S.  C..., 

Ga 

Mich., 
N.  Y.. 
N.  C... 
B.  I..., 
Ark..., 
N.  Y... 
Ohio.., 
N.  Y.., 
Mo  .... 
Ark..., 

Ill 

Ind..., 
Iowa., 
Mich. 
AVis.... 

Ill 

Ind..., 
Mich. 
Mich.... 

Ind 

Ind 

Kan 

Ill 

Ark 

HI 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Me 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  II.... 

N.  Y 

Ohio..  .. 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Iowa.... 

Ala 

Ark 

Ark 

Ark 

Ga 

HI 

HI 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa..., 

Ky 

La. 

Md 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


499 
200 
606 
669 
1,730 


1,219 

218 

6,650 


378 

812 

1,125 

2,327 


1,186 


13t>4 


1,348 
1,148 
2,797 
590 
3,669 


491 
919 


2,175 


5,387 


1,081 


25 

692 

1,665 


713 

2,032 

678 


382 

632 

2,691 

605 

519 

378 

1,548 

187 

1,036 

1,780 

1,425 

3,178 

898 

384 


677 


2,760 
'i',046 


1,098 
6,495 


489 

395 

909 

478 

1,720 

128 

63 

1,329 

157 

6,209 

197 

200 

154 

1,060 

500 

1,009 

1,480 

2,477 

72 

1,604 

2,448 

2,017 

146 

92 

1,220 

1,175 

2,811 

571 

4,140 

2,512 

489 

1,615 

877 

184 

1,282 

855 

272 

377 

1,297 

2,171 

95 

9 

5,691 

678 

63 

2,088 

131 

62 

44 

348 

218 

109 

73 

1,126 

1,783 

461 

875 

832 

1,921 

2,111 

.329 

790 

625 

2,782 

1,234 

661 

632 

1,718 

288 

1,697 

1,295 

1,417 

2,064 

1,033 

1,385 

349 

802 

1,148 

148 

926 

4,225 

1,934 

1,199 

145 

121 

1,332 

6,168 

897 


Place. 


Carrollton tp, 

Carrollton p.v. 

Carrollton  8 tp. 

Carrollton p.T. 

Carrollton tp. 

Carrollton p.v. 

Carrollton p.tp, 

Carrollton p.T. 

Carrolltown p.b. 

Carrsville p.h. 

Carryall tp. 

fJarsou tp. 

Carson tp, 

Carson  City prv, 

Carson  City c, 

Carson's  Lake tp. 

Carter tp. 

Carter tp. 

Carter tp. 

Carter y. 

Carter's  Crossing.  ..tp. 

Cartersville p.v. 

Cartersville p.v. 

Carte  rville p.v. 

Carterville p.v. 

Carthage p.h. 

Carthage tp. 

Carthage p.v. 

Carthage p.V. 

Carthage tp. 

Carthage p.v. 

Carthago p.v. 

Cartilage p.v. 

Carthage tp. 

Carthage p.v, 

Carthage tp. 

Carthago _p.v. 

Carthage p.v. 

Carthage  Lauding  p.v. 

Carthagena p.h. 

Cartoogachayo tp. 

Cartwright tp. 

Carver p.tp. 

Carver p.v. 

Carver  Green v. 

Carver's  Creek tp. 

Carver's  Creek tp. 

Carversville p.v. 

Cary tp. 

Cary p.v. 

Gary  Station p.v. 

Carysville p.v. 

Caryville v. 

Caryville p.v. 

Casa tp. 

Casa  de  Salazar v. 

Casa  Grande p.b. 

Cascade tp. 

Cascade tp. 

Cascade p.v. 

Cascade tp. 

Cascade p.h. 

Cascade p.tp. 

Cascade  0 tp. 

Cascade p.h. 

Cascade p.v. 

Cascades p.v. 

Casco p.tp. 

Casco tp. 

Casco p.tp. 

Casco p.tp. 

Casenovia tp. 

Casenovia p.T. 

Caseville tp. 

Caseville p.T. 

Casey tp. 

Casey p.T. 

Casey p.T. 

Caseyville p.T. 

Casey  ville p.T. 

Cashel tp. 

Casber'g  Valley p.tp. 

Cashtown p.T. 

Casky.....,^ p.h. 

Casuer.. tp. 

CasnoTla p.T. 

Cason p.h. 

Case tp. 


County. 


Saginaw 

Saginaw 

Fillmore 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Cattaraugus.., 

Carroll 

Cambria 

Livingston.... 

Paulding 

Cottonwood... . 

Portage 

Montcalm 

Ormsby 

Mississippi .... 

Ashley 

Spencer 

Carter 

Rockingham . 

Sumter 

Bartow 

Cumberland... 

Williamson.... 

Jasper 

Hale 

Hancock 

Hancock 

Rush 

Franklin 

Leake 

Jasper 

Jefferson 

Moore 

Moore 

Athens 

Smith 

Panola 

Dutchess 

Mercer 

Macon 

Sangamon 

Plymouth 

Carver 

Plymouth 

Bladen 

Cumberland... 

Bucks 

Wake 

Wake 

McHenry 

Champaign.... 

Genesee , 

Campbell , 

Perry 

Bernalillo 

Pinal 

Tehama 

Dubuque 

Dubuque 

Kent 

Kent 

Olmsted 

Lycoming 

Pittsylvania.... 

Sheboygan 

Skamania 

Cumberland.... 

Allegan 

St.  Clair. 

Kewaunee 

Muskegon 

Muskegon 

Huron 

Huron 

Clark 

Clark 

Guthrie 

St.  Clair 

Union 

Swift 

Jackson 

Adams 

Christian 

Jefferson 

Kent 

Morris 

Fulton 


State. 


Population. 


1870.     1880, 


1,564 


1,646 
377 


1,832 

1,142 

813 

416 


1,087 


3,042 
74 

960 
1,420 

760 


947 
2,232 


2,448 

1,448 

481 

486 


1,786 


1,272 

477 


241 


Mich... 

Mich... 

Minn .. 

Miss 

Mo 

Mo 

N.Y...., 

Ohio 

Pa 

Ky 

Ohio„... 

Minn ., 

Wis 

Mich... 

NeT 

Ark 

Ark 

Ind 

Mo 

N.  H... 

S.  C 

Ga 

Va 

Ill 

Mo 

Ala 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Mo 

Miss.... 

Mo 

N.  Y.... 

N.  C... 

N.  C... 

Ohio.... 

Tcnn .. 

Tex 

N.  Y.... 

Ohio.... 

N.  C 

Ill 

Mass... 

Minn.., 

Ma.ss..., 

N.  C 

N.  C...., 

Pa 

N.  C 

N.  C 

HI 

Ohio 

N.  Y 

Tenn ... 

Ark 

N.  Mex, 
Arizona 

Cal 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Mich... 
Mich... 
Minn .. 

Pa 

Va 

Wis 

Wash.. 

Me 

Mich... 
Mich... 

AVis 

Mich... 
Mich... 
Mich... 
Mich..., 

Ill 

HI 

Iowa.... 

HI 

Ky 

Minn .. 

N.  C 

Pa 

Ky 

Ill 

Mich..., 

Tex 

Ill 1,283 


480 
1,851 
1,092 

621 


996 
1,391 


240 


1,289 


1,157 


998 
1,264 
1,991 

794 
1,094 


382 


1,469 


620 


609 


005 


1,737 

825 

980 

394 

4,926 

2,313 

2,171 

1,136 

602 

178 

2,682 

456 

426 

709 

4,229 

169 

1,419 

1,910 

798 

168 

1,623 

2,037 

143 

692 

483 

36 

2,679 

1,694 

600 

607 

285 

4,167 

1,912 

2,336 

366 

1,308 

827 

290 

261 

18 

684 

2,050 

l,a39 

083 

2.51 

1,688 

2,299 

184 

1,380 

316 

161 

164 

439 

212 

401 

200 

33 

228 

1,231 

47 

1,195 

58 

767 

614 

158 

255 

149 

908 

1,560 

2,212 

1,659 

1,715 

95 

1,058 

634 

2,062 

778 

473 

658 

399 

248 

426 

134 

95 

1,029 

101 

126 

1,45T 


>  In  1871,  part  to  Miltona. 
"In    1876,   part   to   St.   : 
City. 


18 


•  Since  1870,    area    much    ro- 
Louls  duced. 

*  In  1876,  part  to  May. 
»  In  1872,  part  to  Barr. 


«  Since  1870,  part  to  Mononga- 
hela. 

1 1n  1877,  attached  to  New  Or- 
leans. 


*  In    1870,    Including    Lanet* 

borough. 

*  In  1875,  part  to  Gamble. 

265 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PiMt. 


Oms.. 

OMi.. 

Cms.. 
Otw.. 


...».tp. 
......tp. 

^...tp. 
— tp. 
. — tp. 

tp. 

Ptp 

tp. 

, — tp. 
— tp. 
— tp. 
...M.tp. 
.....tp. 
— tp, 
— tp. 

tp. 

tp. 

— tp. 
.~^tp. 
.....tp. 

tp. 

tp. 

tp. 

tp. 

tp. 

tp. 

tp. 

pv. 

...p.h. 

...p.v. 

...p.T. 
...p.T. 

...p.v. 

,...p.h. 

...p.v. 

,...p.b. 
..p.h. 


Cms ..^ 

f?BtT  , 

Cm 

CM 

Om«> 

OMt* 

Oui...~ 

<k« 

OMt* 

Obm 

OMM 

(hat — , 

Oms...... 

Cm*.... 

CM8 

CaM 

CasB 

Cass 

Cass 

Cass  Caty 

Cosselman 

Casaelton 

Cassopolis. 

Casstuwa 

CassTille 

Cossville 

Ousville 

Cassville 

Cassville 

Cassviile v. 

Cassville tp. 

Cassville p.v. 

Castalia p.v. 

Cnstalia tp. 

Oistaiia p.T. 

Castalia. p.v. 

Castaiiea— tp. 

Castile tp. 

Castile p.v. 

Castine tp. 

Ca3tine„ p.v. 

Castiue p.v. 

Castle tp. 

Castle  Creek p.h. 

Castle  Grove p.tp 

Castle  mil p.tp. 

Castle  Rock p.v. 

Castle  Rock .p.tp. 

Castle  Rock p.h. 

Castle  Rock p.tp. 

Castle  Shannon p.v. 

Castleton p.v. 

Castleton p.v. 

Castleton- p.tp. 

Castleton tp. 

.Castleton- p.v. 

Castleton  - tp. 

.Castleton.. M...tp. 

:  Castleton p.v. 

Caatleton  Corners...h. 

Casto- tp. 

Ca-itor tp. 

Castor tp. 

Castoria tp. 

.  Caatroville p.v. 

Castroville p.v. 

Caswell tp. 

Caswell p.tp. 

Caswell tp. 

Catulnochee tp. 

Cataract p.h. 

Cat&saiiqua  - ....p.b. 

Catawba p.h. 

Catawba tp. 

Cntawba p.v. 

Catawba «..p.v. 

Catawba p.tp. 

Catawba  Island p.tp. 

Catawba  Springs...  tp. 

Catawissa. tp. 

Catawissa- p.v. 

Catfish.- ....ph. 


Oountjr. 


Clay ^ 

Dubois 

Greene 

La  Porte 

Ohio 

Pulaski 

Sullivan 

White 

Boone 

Cass 

Cedar 

Clayton  _ 

Gutlirie- 

Hamilton.-.., 

Harrison 

Jones 

Shelby 

Wapollo 

Douglas. 

Greene 

Stone 

Texas 

Hancock 

Muskingum- 
Richland 

Huntingdon- 
Schuylkill.... 

Tuscola. 

Somerset 


Stete. 


Cass 

Miami 

Bartow.- 

Ocean- 

Oneida 

Huntingdon- 
Monongalia.. 

Wayne 

Grant 

Grant 

Winneshiek- 
Nash 

Nash 

Erie 

Clinton 

Wyoming 

Wyoming 

Hsincock 

Hancock 

Darke 

McPhcrson... 

Broome 

Jones 

Aroostook 

Douglas 

Dakota 


Grant.. 

Alleghany.. 

Stark 

Marion , 

Reno 

Barry 

Rensselaer .. 
Richmond.. 

Rutland 

Rutland , 

Rutland 

Shannon ..... 

Madison 

Stoddard 

San  Joaquin 
Montereyt... 

Medina 

Calhoun 

Aroostook... 

Pender 

Haywood 

Monroe 

Lehigh , 

Caldwell 

Catawba 

Catawba 

Clark 

York 

Ottawa 

Lincoln 

Columbia 

Columbia I  Pa. 

Clarion Pa. 


Ind 

lud 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.,.. 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
lowa..- 
lowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa..- 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Mich.... 

Pa. 

Dak._... 
Mich.... 
Ohio.... 

Ga 

N.J 

N.  Y„.. 

Pa 

W.  Va.. 
W.  Va.. 

Wis , 

Wis 

Iowa... 
N.  C... 
N.  C... 
Ohio-.. 

Pa. 

N.  Y-.. 
N.  Y.... 

Me 

Me 

Ohio-.. 
Kan.... 
N.  Y-.. 
Iowa... 

Me 

Col 

Minn.. 

Mo 

Wis 

Pa. 

Ill 

Tnd 

Kan  „.. 
Mich... 
N.  Y.... 
N.  Y-.. 

Vt , 

Vt 

Vt , 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Cal 

Cal 

Tex 

Ark 

Me 

N.C 

N.C 

Wis 

Pa. 

Mo 

N.C 

N.C 

Ohio 

8.  C 

Ohio 

N.C. 

Pa. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


470 


819 

1,214 
772 
4C0 

1,488 
451 
895 

1,200 
691 

1,272 

1,754 
433 
217 
013 
120 
859 
410 

1,531 
692 
779 
759 
851 

1,274 
599 

4,021 


728 
241 


152 
416 


1,318 
651 


2,186 

712 

1,303 


177 


839 
237 


703 


1,738 
580 


3,243 


1,000 

2,785 

1,184 

436 

515 

220 


2,853 
'1,562 


318 
2,893 

615 
2,097 
1,614 


651 
1,448 

818 

1,398 
776 
695 

1,499 
624 
423 

1,200 
626 

1,504 

2,224 
692 
444 
912 
498 
933 
678 

1,945 
710 

1,122 
829 
062 

1,614 
720 

3,004 
313 
88 
301 
912 
331 
244 
12;J 
226 
188 
80 
253 

1,301 
CIO 
108 
8C6 
133 
117 
343 

2,315 
965 

1,215 
929 
127 
509 
110 
881 
419 
88 
706 
28 
770 
300 
149 
37 
362 

2,421 

912 

12,670 

2,605 

690 

63 

213 

1,049 

3,422 

1,354 
533 
731 
320 
320 

1,150 

391 

62 

3,0Co 
38 

2,240 
142 
250 

4,443 
520 

3,088 

2,002 

1,427 
151 


Place, 


Catharine. p.tp, 

Catharine tp. 

Catherine tp, 

Cathey's  Creek tp. 

Cathlamet p.v. 

Catlettsburg p.v. 

Catlln tp. 

Catlin p.v. 

Catlin „ p.v, 

Catlin tp. 

Catlin p.tp 

Cato -.p.tp. 

Cato p.v. 

Cato tp. 

Cato p.v. 

Cato tp. 

Cato p.h. 

Caton p.tp. 

Catonsville- p.v. 

Catskill tp. 

CatekiU p.v. 

Cattaraugus p.v. 

Caughdenoy p.v. 

Caulksville p.h. 

Cauthron tp. 

Cave tp. 

Cave -tp. 

Cave  in  Rock p.v. 

Cavendish tp. 

Cavendish p.v. 

Cave  Spring p.v. 

Cave  Spring p.h. 

Cavctown p.v. 

Cavour p.h. 

Caw  Caw tp. 

Cawker< tp. 

Cawker  City p.v. 

Cayuga. p.v. 

Cayuga p.v. 

Cayuta tp. 

Cayuta p.h. 

Cazeuovia tp. 

Cazenovia p.v. 

Cazonovia tp. 

Cazenovia p.v. 

Cazenovia p.v. 

Cecil p.h. 

Cecil p.tp, 

Cecilton p.v. 

Cedar  ^ tp. 

Cedar tp. 

Cedar ,,.tp. 

Cedar tp. 

Cedar tp. 

Cedar , tp. 

Cedar tp. 

Cedar tp. 

Cedar tp. 

Cedar tp. 

Cedar tp. 

Cedar tp. 

Cedar tp. 

Cedar p.tp. 

Cedar tp. 

Cedar tp. 

Cedar tp. 

Cedar tp. 

Cedar tp. 

Cedar tp. 

Cedar tp. 

Cedar tp. 

Cedar tp. 

Cedar tp. 

Cedar tp. 

Cedar tp. 

Cedar tp. 

Cedar tp. 

Cedar tp. 

Cedar tp. 

Cedar tp. 

Cedar tp. 

Cedar  Bluff. p.v. 

Cedar  Bluff p.v. 

Cedarburg tp, 

Cedarburg • p.v. 

Cedar  City p.v. 

Cedar  City p.v. 

Cedar  Creek tp. 

Cedar  Crock hnd. 

Cedar  Creek tp 


Cotinty. 


Schuyler 

Blair 

Kills 

Transylvania., 
Wahkiakum.., 

Boyd 

Vennilion 

Vermilion 

Parke 

Marion 

Chemung , 

Montcalm 

Rankin 

Cayuga 

Cayuga. 

Manitowoc 

Manitowoc 

Steuben 

Baltimore 

Greene 

Greene 

Cattaraugus..,, 

Oswego 

Ijogaii 

Logan 

Sharp 

Franklin 

Hardin 

Windsor 

Windsor, 

Floyd 

Greene 

Washington ... 

Beadle 

Orangeburg.... 

Mitchell 

Mitchell 

Livingston 

Cayuga 

Schuyler 

Schuyler 

Woodford- 

Woodford 

Madison 

Madison 

Richland 

Paulding 

Washington ... 

Cecil 

Carroll 

Scott 

Knox 

Benton 

Black  Hawk... 

Calhoun 

Cherokee 

Floyd 

Greene 

JelTerson , 

Johnson 

Lee 

Lucas 

Mahaska 

Mitchell 

Monroe 

Muscatine 

Pocahontas 

Sac , 

Van  Burcn 

Washington..., 

Cowley 

Jackson 

Smith 

Wilson 

Osceola. 

Martin 

Boone 

Callaway 

Cedar -... 

Dade 

Pettis 

Cherokee 

Cedar 

Ozaukee 

Ozaukee 

Callaway, 

Iron 

Crawford 

Sussex 

Allen 


•State. 


N.  T... 

Pa, 

Kan.., 
N.C, 
Wash.. 


fl: 


111 

Ind 

Kan.... 
N.Y.... 
Mich... 

Miss 

N.  Y„.. 
N.  Y„.. 

Wis 

Wis 

N.  Y..., 

Md 

N.  Y„.. 

N.  Y 

N,  Y 

N.Y 

Ark 

Ark 

Ark 

Ill 

Ill 

Vt 

Vt 

Ga 

Mo 

Md 

Dak 

S.  0 

Kan 

Kan 

Ill 

N.Y 

N.Y 

N.  Y 

Ill 

Ill 

N.Y.... 
N.Y.... 

Wis 

Ohio.... 

Pa 

Md 

Ark 

Ark 

Ill 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa.,. 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa..., 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan,-.. 

Kan 

Mich..,, 
Minn  ,. 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Ala 

Iowa.... 

Wis 

Wis 

Mo 

Utah.,.. 

Ark 

Del 

Ind 


>  Since  1871,  area  reduced. 

>  In  1876,  parts  to  Blairsbarg. 

206 


*  In  1871,  port  to  LIncoli;. 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


*  Including  Eureka  Springs. 


POPULATION  OF   THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


F1m«. 


Cedar  Creek ....p.h. 

Cedar  Creek tp. 

Cetlar  Creek p.h. 

Cedar  Creek  > tp. 

Cedar  Creek. _..tp. 

Cedar  Creek tp. 

Cedar  Creek p.tp. 

Cedar  Creek tp. 

Cedar  Creek p.  v. 

Cellar  Creek p.h. 

Cedar  Falls c. 

Cedar  Falls tp. 

Cedar  Falls p.y. 

Cedar  Falls p.T. 

Cedar  Fork tp. 

Cedar  Glades h. 

Cedar  Grove p.v. 

Cedar  Grove tp. 

Cedar  Grove tp. 

Cetliir  Grove T. 

Cedar  Grove y. 

Cedar  Uill T. 

Cedar  Uill p.T. 

Cedar  Lake p.tp. 

Cedar  Lake tp. 

Cedar  Mills p.tp. 

Cedar  Point ....p.h. 

Cedar  Ilapids c. 

Cedar  Rock p.tp. 

Cedar  Springs p.v. 

Cedar  Springs tp. 

Cedar  Town p.v. 

Cedarvale „ p.v. 

Cedarville p.h. 

Cedarville tp. 

Cedarville p.v. 

Cedarville p.v. 

Cedarville v. 

Cedarville  2 tp. 

Cedarville p.v. 

Cedarville tp. 

Cedarville p.v. 

Cedarville h. 

Cedarville p.h. 

Cedarville v. 

Cedron p.tp. 

Celestine p.h. 

Celina p.v. 

Centennial tp. 

Center p.v. 

Central tp. 

Central tp. 

Central tp. 

Central tp. 

Central p.tp. 

Central tp. 

Central p.h. 

Central  Bridge p.v. 

Central  Cal.  Colony  ..v. 

Central  City c. 

Central  City p.v. 

Central  City p.v. 

Central  City p.h. 

Central  City p.v. 

Central  City v. 

Central  City v. 

Central  Covingtou.v. 

Central  Depot. v. 

Centralia„ tp. 

Contralia c. 

Ceiitralia„ p.v. 

Centralla tp. 

Centralia p.v. 

Oeutralia p.b. 

Centralia _..p.v. 

Central  Islip „».p.v. 

Central  Lake p.tp. 

Central  Park p.v. 

Central  Point.- tp. 

Central  Point- v. 

Central  School-IIouse.v. 

Central  S<iURre p.v. 

Central  Station p.v. 

Central  Village p.v. 

Centre |i.v. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre* tp. 

Centre tp. 


County. 


De  Kalb 

Lake 

Barry 

Muskegon 

Wexford 

Wayne 

Cumberland-.... 

Lancaster. 

Bastrop 

Washington 

Black  Hawk 

Black  Hawk 

Randolph 

Dunn 

Wake , 

Montgomery 

Franklin 

Orange 

Randolph 

Montgomery 

Providence 

Spartanburg 

Robertson 

Scott , 

Barron 

Meeker. , 

Chase 

Linn .., 

Franklin.... 

Kent 

Abbeville.- , 

Polk 

Chautauqua...... 

Crawford 

Modoc 

Modoc 

Allen 

Plymouth 

Menominee 

Cumberland 

Greene 

Greene 

Wash!  ngton....... 

Chester 

Lehigh 

Lincoln 

Dubois „ 

Mercer „^ 

Lyon 

Shelby 

Barton „. 

Franklin 

Jefferson 

Perry 

St.  Louis 

Pickens 

Pickens 

Schoharie „. 

Fresno 

Gilpin 

Lawrence 

Marion 

Anderson 

Merrick 

Grant 

Centre 

Kenton 

Montgomery 

Marion 

Marion 

Nemaha 

Boone 

Boone 

Columbia. 

Wood 

Suffolk 

Antrim 

Cook 

Goodhue. 

Goodhue 

Columbia 

Oswego , 

Doddridge 

Windham 

Cherokee , 

Montgomery 

Polk , 

Prairie 

Sebastian 


State. 


Ind 

Ind 

Mich.... 

Mich.... 

Mich.... 

Mo 

N.  C 

S.  C 

Tex 

Wis 

Iowa. ... 

Iowa.... 

N.  C 

Wis 

N.  C 

Ark 

Ind 

N.  0 

N.  C 

Pa 

R.I 

S.C 

Tenn  ... 

Minn... 

Wis 

Minn ... 

Kan 

Iowa. ... 

N.  0 

Blich..., 

S.0 

Oa 

Kan...., 

Ark 

Cal 

CaJ 

Ind 

Mass..., 

Mich.... 

N.J 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa 

Kan 

Ind 

Ohio 

Iowa.... 

Tex 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

S.  0 

S.  C 

N.  Y 

Cal 

Col 

Dak 

Ill 

Kan 

Neb 

N.  Mox. 

Pa 

Ky 

Va 

Ill 

Ill 

Kan 

Mo 

Mo 

Pn 

Wis 

N.  Y 

Mich.... 

Ill 

Minn ... 
Minn ... 

Pa 

N.  Y 

W.Va... 
Conn.... 

Ala 

Ark 

Ark 

Ark 

Ark 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


1,326 


660 


379 
2,358 
1,506 


3,070 
1,139 


1,533 


2,047 


6,940 
1,112 


1,603 
323 


2,361 
763 


2,271 
1,789 


8,923 

1,478 


2,300 


3,579 
3,190 


1,342 


614 

772 

1,903 


35 

1,457 

63 

356 

653 

756 

3,114 

2,019 

386 

36 

3,020 

1,123 

248 

648 

1,716 

69 

219 

2,093 

1,501 

129 

448 

124 

200 

944 

351 

474 

113 

10,104 

1,725 

1,141 

1,746 

843 

218 

97 

911 

219 

113 

109 

229 

1,077 

2,702 

1,181 

194 

184 

136 

674 

114 

1,346 

229 

177 

447 

2,044 

1,8.32 

2,046 

7,485 

2,161 

184 

106 

287 

2,626 

1,008 

411 

37 

648 

126 

2R0 

730 

350 

6,054 

3,621 

289 

1,3,34 

703 

1,8S6 

806 

no 

401 
913 
178 
112 
336 
309 
94 
109 
144 
346 

1,016 
465 

2,516 


Place. 


Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre... tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre p.tp, 

Centre „ tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Cen  tre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre  <- tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre*- tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre ....tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre ....tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre'- tp. 

Centre'- tp, 

Centre tp. 

Centre p.tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre „..tp. 

Centre _..tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre ....tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre - tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre....- tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre p.h. 

Centre tp. 

Centre  '. tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre ...tp. 

Centre  ». „ tp. 

CentreW tp. 

Centre........ tp. 

Ceutre .............tp. 

Cen  t  re p.v. 

Centre - tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre......... ....tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre „..tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Cen  tre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Centre tp. 

Ceutre tp. 


County. 


Sacramento 

Benton 

Boone 

Clinton 

Dearborn 

Delaware 

Giltson 

Grant 

Greene 

Hancock , 

Hendricks 

Howard 

Jennings 

Lake 

La  Porte 

Marion 

Marshall , 

Martin 

Porter 

Posey 

Ripley 

Rush 

St.  Joseph 

Starke 

Union 

Vanderburg 

Wayne 

Allamakee 

Appanoose , 

Calhoun 

Cedar 

Clinton 

Decatur. 

Dubuque 

Emmett 

Fayette 

Henry 

Madison 

Mills 

Monona 

O'Brien 

Pocahontas 

Pottawattamie . 

Wapello 

Winnebago 

Atchison 

Chautauqua 

Cloud 

Dickinson 

Doniphan.- 

Hodgeman 

Jewell 

Lyon 

Marion 

Marshall 

Mitchell 

Ness 

Norton 

Ottawa 

Pottawatomie... 

Reno.- 

Rush 

Russell 

Smith 

Wilson 

Woodson 

Gnimett 

Murray 

Buchanan 

Dade 

Greene 

Hickory 

Kno.\. - 

McDonald 

Ralls 

Ralls 

Vernon 

Camden 

Chatham 

Carroll 

Columbiana 

Guernsey 

Mercer 

Monroe 

Morgan 

Noble 

WiUiama 

Wood 

Berks 


State. 


Cal 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind. 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

lud 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

lowa..- 

lowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa. 

Iowa. 

Kan- 

Kan- 
Kan- 
Kan.. 
Kan .. 
Kan- 
Kan- 
Kan- 
Kan- 
Kan- 
Kan.. 
Kan- 
Kan  - 
Kan  „ 
Kan„ 
Kan  - 
Kan .. 
Kan.. 
Kan .. 
Kan ... 
Kan .., 
Mich., 
Minn , 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.J.... 
N.C.„, 
Ohio- 
Ohio-. 
Ohio- 
Ohio... 
Olilo- 
Ohio„, 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Ohio- 
Pa 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


461 

278 

3,885 


4,699 
4,375 


2,641 
1,870 
3,405 
2,795 
2,867 
2,6.33 
1,932 
1,147 
4,274 
4,830 
1,170 
1,304 
955 
1,581 
1,045 
717 
655 
1,896 
1,689 
2,855 
l,m8 
l,7'.a 


2,899 
1,317 
1,738 
1,039 
146 
604 
6,310 
1,485 


138 


628 
1,603 

432 
1,005 


2,248 


126 
639 


1,918 
1,568 
1,681 
1,245 
2,416 


726 


2,003 
1,718 
1,2.55 
1,227 
2,895 
1,016 
1,265 
2,586 
1,353 
1,70;J 
1,028 
1,331 
1,529 


422 

1,878 

6,481 

4,508 

6,106 

6,681 

1,072 

4,418 

1,077 

4,284 

3,2.56 

6,519 

2,752 

2,864 

1,404 

4,804 

6.133 

1,332 

1,510 

l,t)06 

1,940 

1,436 

7C« 

704 

2,518 

1,927 

2,307 

1,079 

3,201 

243 

2,942 

1,219 

883 

1,276 

196 

810 

6,276 

2,583 

986 

646 

359 

166 

1,148 

1,775 

l,5ft'> 

2,444 

631 

907 

1,101 

2,177 

453 

1,017 

848 

1,724 

69.J 

579 

722 

900 

1,838 

500 

311 

672 

1,019 

1,827 

1,700 

703 

205 

188 

1,279 

1,088 

1,746 

690 

1,178 

4!»9 

1,163 

55 

2,705 

1,538 

2,220 

1,,590 

3,719 

1,233 

1,456 

2,779 

1,164 

1,850 

1,089 

2,(123 

1,627 


'  Slnee  1870,  part  to  Holton. 

«  In  1877,  part  to  Spalding. 

*  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced. 


*  Since  1870,  part  to  Webster. 
»  In  1873,  part  to  Leon. 
«  Exclusive  of  Ottumwa. 


I  In  1875,  part  of  Pleasant  an- 
nexed. 
I  In  1876,  part  to  Agency.' 


»  In  1873,  part  to  Cross  Timbon. 
10  Since    1S70,  area   mucU   r*> 
duced. 

287 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIBS,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


PUe*. 


'Centra..... ^..tp. 

<!entr«.....» ..-.tp. 

Centre ..........—tp. 

Centre » tp. 


»tp. 
.._tp. 
,_.tp. 
...tp. 
,._.tp. 
...p.tp, 
....p.li. 

...p.T. 


Centre 

Centre ». 

Centre 

Centre 

Centre 

Centre 

Centre  Bridge.. 
Centre  Brook... 

Centrebnrg .....p.v. 

Centre  ("My „..p.v. 

Centre  Creek -p.tp. 

CentredelU »p.h. 

Centre  Grove _tp. 

Centre  OroTo tp. 

Contru  Hall .....p.T. 

Centre  Ilartior tp. 

Centre  Jlarbor p  t. 

Centre  lllll p.v. 

Centre  Jiuiction....p.T. 
Centre  Mi)relRn(i...p.v. 
Centre  Moriches  ..p.v. 

Centre  Pining „tp. 

Centre  Point tp. 


.p.v. 
.p.v. 
..p.v. 
,.p.h. 
.p.v. 


Centre  Point, 
Centre  Point... 
Centre  Point... 
Centre  Point... 
Centre  Point... 

Centreport h 

Centreport p.v. 

Centre  Rutland p.v. 

Centre  Sandwich...p.T. 

Centreton p.h. 

Centreton p.v. 

Ceutretown p.v. 

Centre  Valley p.v. 

Centreview tp. 

Centreviow p.v. 

Centreville p.v. 

Centroville. v. 

Centreville v. 

Centreville v. 

Centreville h. 

Centreville.. v. 

Centreville p.v. 

Centreville™ p.v, 

Centreville h. 

Centreville— h. 

Centreville p.v. 

Centreville p.v. 

Centreville h. 

Centreville. p.tp. 

Cent  revi  I  Io._... ...  ...tp. 

Centreville.. p.v. 

Centreville_ p.v. 

Centreville tp. 

Centreville.„ h. 

Centreville p.v. 

Centreville.- p.v. 

Centreville.- v, 

Centreville  I tp. 

Centreville.- p.v. 

Centreville tp. 

Centreville p.h. 

Centreville p.v. 

Centreville p.h. 

Centreville p.tp, 

Centreville v. 

Centreville v. 

Centreville v. 

Centreville t. 

Centreville t. 

Centreville.- v. 

Centreville- p.v. 

Centreville....- p.v. 

Centreville v. 

Centreville v. 

Centreville p.r. 

Ceutrevillo v. 

Centreville- ....v. 

Centreville.- v. 

Centreville ....t. 

Centreville v. 

Centreville- v. 

Centre  ville.-..._....v. 

Centreville p.T. 

Centreville* tp. 


County. 


Butler 

Columbia- 

Oreene 

Indiana 

Perry 

Snyder 

Oconoo 

Bichlaud 

Outagamie 

Bock ~ 

Bucks 

Middlesex 

Knox - 

Chisago 

Martin 

Highland 

Dickinson 

Guilford 

Centre 

Belknap 

Belknap 

Centre 

Jones 

Wyoming 

Suffolk 

Crawford 

Howard 

Howard 

Clay 

Linn 

Atchison 

Kerr 

Cayuga 

Suffolk 

Butland 

Carroll 

Salem 

Huron 

Cole 

Lehigh 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Alameda. 

Butte 

El  Dorado 

Fresno 

Mendocino 

New  Haven.... 

New  Castle 

Bols6 - 

Spencer 

Vigo 

Wayne 

Appanoose 

Boone 

Linn 

Neosho- 

Bourbon 

St.  Mary's 

Washinjcton-., 

Frederick 

Queen  Anne... 

Biimstablo 

Worcester 

Loelenaw 

St.  Joseph 

Anoka 

Anoka 

Amile 

Hunterdon...., 

Alleghany , 

Chautauqua..., 

Onondaga 

Steuben -., 

Clinton 

Delaware 

Gallia- 

Montgomery ., 

Umatilla 

Batter. 

Columbia. 

Crawford 

Cumberland.... 

Elk 

Indiana -., 

Lehigh 

Northampton., 

Snyder 

Washington-., 

Kent -., 

Anderson 


SUte. 


Population. 


Pa- 

Pa. 

Pa- 

Pa- 

Pa- 

Pa 

S.  0 

S.  C 

Wis.-... 

Wis 

Pa- 

Conn.... 
Ohio-... 
Minn... 
Minn  ... 

Ohio 

Iowa.... 

N.C 

Pa 

N.  11.... 
N.  H. 

Pa 

Iowa. 
Pa...., 
N.Y.. 
Mich. 
Ark„. 
Ark... 
Ind.., 
Iowa 
Mo .., 

Tex 

N.  Y 

N.  Y — 

Vt 

N.  H.... 

N.J 

Ohio 

Mo 

Pa 

Mo 

Mo 

Cal  

Cal 

Cal 

Cal 

Cal 

Conn.... 

Del 

Idaho. . 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Ky 

La 

Mo 

Md 

Md 

Mass..., 
Mass.... 
Mich..- 
Mich.... 
Minn... 
Minn... 

Miss 

N.  J 

N.  Y 

N.  Y-.., 
N.  Y-.., 
N.  Y-.., 

Ohio 

Ohio- 
Ohio-.., 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pa. , 

Pa 

Pa...... 

Pa , 

Pa. , 

Pa- 

Pa- 

Pa- 

Pa. 

Pa. 

n.  I„... 
8.  C 


843 
IflTi 
1,777 
1,665 
1,121 

886 
1,910 
1,124 
1,201 
1,004 


377 

128 

283 

1,110 


44G 


2J0 
443 


1,077 
1,037 


1,0.T4 
88U 


0.19 
749 
C87 


1,043 


1,880 


980 

1,266 

1,843 

1,206 

1,120 

1,060 

3,086 

8,874 

1,596 

1,105 

130 

670 

400 

33 

203 

130 

674 

906 

360 

621 

119 

108 

190 

108 

390 

164 

1,643 

310 

295 

603 

85 

134 

95 

425 

731 

225 

125 

1.32 

154 

340 

l,58:t 

227 

2ir3 

60 

91 

108 

66 

191 

133 

217 

100 

125 

875 

2,476 

50 

1,663 

1,054 

126 

254 

137 

80 

1,190 

388 

404 

658 

705 

870 

1.30 

70 

64 

956 

125 

200 

298 

109 

117 

272 

274 

221 

418 

291 

307 

147 

444 

109 

349 

140 

2,M) 

160 

9M 

1,977 


Place. 


Centreville.- 

Centreville 

Centreville 

Centreville 

Centre  Ville 

Centreville 

Centreville 

Centropolis 

Centropolls 

Ceralvo 

Ceredo 

Ceres 

Ceres 

Ceres 

Ceresco 

Cerrotoe  

Cerro  Gordo. 

Cerro  Gordo 

Cerro  Gordo 

Cerro  Gordo 

Cerro  Gordo 

Cerro  Gordo 

Cessna 

Ceylon 

Chadd's  Ford  „... 

Chaffee 

Chagrin  Falls... 
Chagrin  Falls... 

Chaifont 

Chalk  Bluff. 

Chalk  Level* 

Chains 

Chalmers 

Chalmers 

Chambersburg.. 
Chanibersburg... 
Chambersburg... 
Chambersburg.. 
Chambersburg... 
Chambersburg... 
Chambersburg... 
Chambersburg... 
Chambersliurg,. 
Chambersville .. 

Chamois 

Champagnolle.. 
Champagnolle .. 

Champaign 

Champaign 

Champion 

Champion 

Champion 

Chaniplain 

Champlain 

Champlin 

Champlin 

Chana 

Clianarambie .... 

Clianceford 

Chandler 

Chandler 

Cliandlersville.. 
Chandlervillo... 

Chaneysville 

Clianbasscn 

Channahun 

Chanuto 

Chapel 

Chapel  Hill 

Chapel  Hill 

Chapel  Hill 

Chapel  Hill 

Chapel  Hill 

Chapel  Hill 

Cliapln 

Chapin 

Chapin 

Chapinville 

Chaplin 

Chaplin 

Chapman 

Chapman 

Chapman 

Chapman , 

Chapman  < 

Ch.ipman 

Chapman 

Chapmanville... 

Chappaqna 

Chardon 

Cbardon 


..p.v. 
.p.v. 
.p.v. 

..V. 

..V. 

..h. 

,.tp. 

..tp. 

-p.v. 

..p.h. 

-p.v. 

..p.h. 
..tp. 

-h. 
..tp. 


..p.h. 
..tp. 

..p.T. 
..p.tp. 
..p.T. 
..p.h. 
-.tp. 

.-h. 

..p.T. 
..p.T. 
.tp. 

...p.v. 
...p.v. 

..p.tp. 
..p.tp. 

...p.v. 

...tp. 

.„p.v. 

..tp. 

..p.T. 

..h. 

...p.T. 

..b. 

..tp. 

..h. 

...p.v. 

..p.h. 

...p.v. 

...p.v. 

..tp. 

...p.h. 

...tp. 


County. 


...p.tp. 

..p.tp. 

..p.tp. 

.-tp. 

...p.v. 

..tp. 

..p.h. 

...p.v. 

...tp. 

...p.tp. 

...tp. 

..tp. 

...p.v. 

...p.T. 

...p.T. 

,..tp. 

..ptp. 

...p.V. 

-.p.tp. 

...p.v. 

...p.h. 
...tp. 

...p.v. 

...p.T. 
...p.T. 

...p.v. 

...p.h. 
...p.tp. 

...p.v. 

..p.tp. 

..p.v. 
..h. 

..tp. 

..p.v. 

..tp. 
...tp. 

..b. 
..tp. 


...p.T. 
..tp. 

..p.v. 


Hickman-.. 

Leon 

Falrfa.x 

King  and  Queen. 

Monroe 

Tyler 

Manitowoc 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Ohio 

Wayne 

Alleghany 

McKean 

McKean 

Blue  Earth 

Los  Angeles 

Inyo 

I'iatt 

Piatt 

Lac  Qui  Parle-.. 

Columbus 

Hardin 

Hardin 

Adams 

Delaware 

Chaffee 

Cuyahoga- 

Cuyahoga- 

Bucks 

Clay 

St  Clair 

Lemhi 

McDonough 

White 

Pike 

Pike 

Fountain 

Orange 

Mercer 

Iredell 

Gallia 

Montgomery .... 

Franklin 

Calhoun 

Osage 

Calhoun 

Union 

Champaign 

Champaign 

Marquette 

.Tefferson 

Trumbull 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Hennepin- 

Hennepin 

Ogle 

Murray 

York 

Huron 

Maniton 

Muskingum 

Cass 

Bedford 

Carver 

Will 

Neosho 

Howell , 

Lafayette 

Monmouth 

Orange 

Orange 

Marshall 

Washington 

Morgan 

Franklin 

Saginaw 

Litchfield- 

Windham 

Nelson 

De  Kalb 

Clay 

Dickinson 

Ottawa 

Clinton 

Northampton 

Snyder 

Venango 

Westchester 

Geauga. 

Geauga 


SUte. 


Tenn ... 

Tex 

Va 

Va 

W.  Va-. 
W.  Va.„ 

Wis 

Kan 

Kan 

Ky 

W.  Va.- 
N.  Y-... 

Pa. 

Pa 

Minn... 

Cal 

Cal 

Ill 

Ill 

Minn... 

N.  C 

Tenn  ... 

Ohie 

Ind 

Pa 

Col 

Ohio — 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Ark 

Mo 

Idaho... 

Ill 

Ind 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

N.  J.... 

N.  C 

Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

Ark 

Mo 

Ark 

Ark 

Ill 

Ill 

Mich... 
N.  Y.... 
Ohio.... 
N.  Y.... 
N.  Y.... 
Minn .. 
Minn .. 

Ill 

Minn  .. 

Pa 

Mich... 
Mich... 
Ohio.... 

Ill 

Pa 

Minn .. 

Ill 

Kan-.. 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  J 

N.  C... 
N.  C... 
Tonn .. 

Tex 

HI 

Iowa. .. 
Mich- 
Conn... 
Conn... 

Ky 

Ill 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  Y 

Ohio.... 
Ohio-.. 


1870.      1880, 


>  la  1874,  part  to  Leluid. 

268 


*  In  1878,  part  to  Anderson.  *  In  1871,  part  to  Tabor. 


*  In  1876,  part  to  Noyeib 


POPULATION  OP  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OP  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Chariton - tp. 

Chariton tp. 

Chariton « P-T- 

Chariton  1 tp. 

Chariton tp. 

Chariton tp. 

Chariton tp. 

Cliariton tp. 

Cliarlemont p.tp. 

Charles  City p. v. 

Charleston p.v. 

Charleston p.v. 

Charleston tp. 

Charleston p.v. 

Charleston p.tp. 

Charleston p.h. 

Charleston tp. 

Charleston p.tp. 

Charleston tp. 

Charleston tp. 

Charleston p.v. 

Charleston. p.v. 

Ch.irleston tp. 

Charleston p.h. 

Charleston „..p.tp. 

Charleston* -..p.tp 

Charleston c. 

Charleston p.v. 

Charleston tp. 

Charleston c. 

Charleston  Four  Cor- 
ners  p.h. 

Cliarleston  Sprlng.h. 

Charlcstown tp. 

Charlestown p.v. 

Charlestown p.v. 

Charlestown tp. 

Charlestown p.v. 

Charlestown p.tp. 

Charlestown tp. 

Charlestown v. 

Charlestown p.tp. 

Charlestown p.v. 

Charlestown tp. 

Charlevoix  * tp. 

Charlevoix ji.v. 

Cliarloe p.v. 

Charlotte p.tp. 

Charlotte p.v. 

Charlotte P-tp. 

Charlotte p.v. 

Charlotte tp. 

Charlotte tp. 

Charlotte p.v. 

Charlotte v. 

Charlotte c. 

Charlotte p.tp. 

Charlotteburj? p.v. 

Charlotte  Hall p.v. 

Charlottesville p.v. 

Charlottesville p.v. 

Cliarlotteville p.v. 

Charlton p.tp. 

Charlton tp. 

Charlton tp. 

Charlton p.h. 

Charlton... v. 

Charrette tp. 

Charter  Oak p.tp. 

Charticrs tp. 

Cliartiers p.b. 

Chartierg tp. 

Chase v. 

Chase* tp. 

Chase p.v. 

Chase v. 

Chaseburg p.h. 

Chase  City p.v. 

Chase's  Mills p.h. 

Chaeka., „tp. 

Chaska. p.v. 

Chntcangay tp. 

Clmteaugay p.v. 

Chatfield tp. 

Chatfield p.v. 

Chatfield p.tp. 

Chatfield p.h. 

Chatham tp. 

Chatham tp. 


County. 


Appanoose 

Lucas 

Lucas 

Chariton 

Howard 

Macon 

Randolph 

Schuyler 

Franklin 

Floyd 

Cochise 

Franklin 

Coles «.... 

Coles 

Lee 

Greenwood.... 
Washington... 

Penobscot 

Kalamazoo.... 

Redwood 

Tallahatcliee . 
Mississippi  .... 
Montgomery.. 
Montgomery.. 

Swain 

Tioga 

Charleston  .... 

Bradley 

Orleans 

Kanawha 


Montgomery... 

Monmouth 

Clarke 

Clarke 

Cecil 

Sullivan 

Sullivan 

Portage 

Chester 

Chester 

Washington.... 

Jefferson 

Calumet 

Charlevoix 

Charlevoix 

Paulding 

Livingston 

Clinton 

Washington.... 

Eaton 

Bates 

Chautauqua.... 

Monroe 

Niagara 

Mecklenburg.. 

Chittenden 

Passaic 

St.  Mary's , 

Hancock 

Albemarle 

Schoharie 

Worcester , 

Otsego 

Saratoga 

Saratoga 

Clinton 

Warren 

Crawford 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Washington... 

Worcester 

Lake 

Lake 

Newport 

Vernon 

Mecklenbnrg.. 
St.  Lawrence.. 

Carver 

Carver 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Fillmore 

Fillmore 

Crawford 

Navarro 

Middlesex 

Sangamon 


Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo , 

Mnaa ... 

Iowa. .. 

Arizona 

Ark. 

111... 

111... 

Iowa.... 

Kan .. 

Kau.. 

Me  ... 

Mich. 

Minn 

Miss. 

Mo ... 

N.Y.. 

N.Y.. 

N.  C. 

Pa 

S.  0... 
Tenn 

Vt 

W.  Va.. 


N.T. 
N.  J. 
Ind.. 
Ind.. 
Md.. 
N.  H 
N.  n 
Ohio. 
Pa.... 
Pa.... 
B.  I.. 
W.  Va.. 

Wis 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Ohio 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Me 

Mich.... 

Mo 

N.  T 

N.  T 

N.  y 

N.  C  .... 

Vt 

N.  J 

Md 

Ind 

Va 

N.Y 

Mass.... 
Mich.... 

N.Y 

N.  Y..... 

Pa 

Mo 

Iowa.... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Mass.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 

K.  I 

Wis 

Va 

N.  Y 

Minn ... 
Minn  ... 

N.  Y 

N.y„... 
Minn... 
Minn... 

Ohio 

Tex 

Conn ... 
Ill 


Population. 


2,601 
1,728 

661 
4,04:$ 
1,269 
1,699 

83.3 

i,oai 

2,166 


4,472 
2,849 
1,241 


1,191 
1,369 


6.35 
1,601 


2,014 
48,956 


1,278 
3,162 


3,294 

2,204 

223 

1,741 


675 
907 


1,119 

1,593 

1,250 

456 


746 


467 
2,253 
1,289 
1,682 


4,473 
1,430 


1,878 
"i',607 


131 

2,690 

67 

2,269 


1,870 
"'526 


847 
"2,971 
"i',661 
1,247 


2,771 
1,460 


836 

2,740 

2,977 

l,a56 

4,006 

1,104 

1,964 

765 

932 

2,421 

350 

393 

4,295 

2,867 

1,035 

76 

460 

1,110 

1,193 

304 

368 

1,028 

1,334 

51 

1,352 

2,193 

49,984 

359 

1,204 

4,192 

106 

69 

3,099 

1,103 

211 

1,587 

706 

633 

902 

60 

1,1(7 

2,016 

1,354 

019 

612 

54 

853 

294 

489 

2,910 

966 

1,667 

962 

260 

7,094 

1,342 

151 

81 

389 

2,076 

126 

1,900 

100 

1,474 

175 

1,34 

2,806 

286 

2,346 

1,852 

2,188 

197 

1,087 

273 

193 

125 

251 

114 

1,255 

1,068 

2,828 

680 

720 

1,166 

1,266 

84 

1,967 

1,377 


Place. 


Chatham p.v. 

Chatham tp. 

Chatham p.v. 

Chatham p.tp. 

Chatham  „ p.tp. 

Chatham tp. 

Chatham .p.v. 

Chatham tp. 

Chatham p.v. 

Chatham p.v. 

Chatham tp. 

Chath.im- p.v. 

Chathiim tp. 

Chatham p.v. 

Chatham  Centre  ...p.v. 

Chatham  Port p.h. 

Chats  worth tp. 

Chatsworth p.v. 

Chattanooga h. 

Chattanooga c. 

Chattooga tp. 

Chaumont p.v. 

Chauncey v. 

Chauncey p.v. 

Chautauqua p.tp. 

Chazy tp. 

Cliazy p.v, 

Chebanse* tp. 

Chebanse p.v, 

Cheboygan p.v. 

Cheek's  Crock tp. 

Cheektowaga p.tp. 

Cheever p.tp. 

Chelmsford* p.tp. 

Chelsea p.v, 

Chelsea' p.tp. 

Chelsea tp. 

Chelsea c. 

Chelsea p.v. 

Chelsea. b. 

Chelsea p.h. 

Chelsea v. 

Chelsea tp. 

Chelsea p.v. 

Chelsea p.tp. 

Cheltenham tp. 

Cheltenham p.v. 

Chemung p.tp 

Chemung p.tp. 

Chenango tp. 

Chenango  Forks  ...p.v. 

Cheney's  Grove tp. 

Chengwatana tp. 

Clienoa tp. 

Chenoa. p.v. 

Cheoah tp. 

Chcpachet p.v. 

Chequest tp. 

Cheraw tp. 

Cheraw p.v. 

Cherokee p.v. 

Cherokee p.v. 

Cherokee tp. 

Cherokee p.v. 

Cherokee* tp. 

Cherokee p.v. 

Cherokee tp. 

Cherokee tp. 

Cherokee tp. 

Cherry* tp. 

Cherry tp. 

Cherry tp. 

Cherry  Creek p.v. 

Clierry  Creek tp. 

Cherry  Creek p.v. 

Cherryfleld p.tp. 

Cherry  Flats p.h. 

Cherry  Grove tp. 

Cherry  Grove tp. 

Cherry  Grove tp. 

Cherry  Grove tp. 

Cherry  Hill p.v. 

Cherry  Hill tp. 

Cherry  Lane p.tp. 

Cherry  Point  City..p.v. 

Cherry  Ridge p.tp. 

Cherry  Tree b. 

Cherry  Tree p.tp. 

Cherryvale p.v. 


County. 


Sangamon.... 
Barnstable.... 
Barnstable..., 

Wnght 

Carroll 

Morris 

Morris 

Columbia 

Columbia.^... 

Licking 

Medina 

Chester 

Tioga. 

Pittsylvania. 

Columbia 

Barnstable ... 
Livingston ... 
Livingston... 

Mercer 

Hamilton 

Oconee 

Jefferson 

Tippecanoe... 

Athens 

Chautauqua., 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Iroquois 

Iroquois 

Cheboygan... 
Montgomery 

Erie 

Dickinson 

Middlesex 

Tama 

Butler 

Kennebec 

Suffolk 

Washtenaw .. 
Richmond..., 

Delaware 

Shelby 

Orange 

Orange 

Taylor 

Montgomery 
Montgomery 

McHenry 

Chemung 

Broome 

Broome 

McLean 

Pine 

McLean 

McLean 

Graham 

Providence... 
Van  Buren... 
Chesterfield.. 
Chesterfield.. 

Colbert 

Butte 

Cherokee 

Cherokee 

Cherokee 

Crawford 

Montgomery 
Spartanburg. 

York 

Montgomery 

Butler 

Sullivan 

White  Pine... 
Chautauqua.. 
Chautauqua.. 
Washington.. 

Tioga 

Carroll 

Wexford 

Goodhue 

Warren 

Cecil 

Indiana 

Alleghany.... 

Edgar 

Wayne 

Indiana 

Venango 

Montgomery 


State. 


Ill , 

Mass..., 
Mass.... 
Minn.. 
N.  H.... 

N.  J 

N.J 

N.  Y 

N.Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa„ 

Pa 

Va 

N.  Y 

Mass.... 

HI 

Ill 

Ohio 

Tenn ... 

S.  C 

N.Y 

Ind 

Ohio 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ill 

Ill 

Mich.... 

N.  C 

N.  Y 

Kan 

Mass.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Me 

Mass  ... 
Mich.... 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Tenn..., 

Vt 

Vt 

Wte 

Pa 

Pa 

HI 

N.  Y 

NY 

N.  Y 

HI 

Minn... 

Ill 

Ill 

N.  C 

B.  I 

Iowa.... 

S.C 

S.C 

Ala 

Cal 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan„... 

S.C 

S.C 

Kan  „... 

Pa 

Pa. 

Nev 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Me 

Pa. 

Ill 

Mich.... 
Minn... 

Pa 

Md 

Pa 

N.  C 

in 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa 

Kan 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


2,411 


161 

445 

3,715 


4,372 

1,387 

156 

980 


1,575 


1,622 
999 


C,(»93 
69G 
370 


201 
3,0C4 
3,206 


2,630 


900 
2,465 


2,374 


277 

1.238 

18,547 

1,013 


1,626 


2,462 


2,222 
1,907 
1,680 


1,164 

99 

2,361 

'i',427 


967 

2,258 

9U0 


719 
438 
370 


1,675 

1,895 

802 

903 

1,710 


1,.369 

271 

1,700 


1,154 


884 
61 


1,976 
809 


1,101 

3G0 

2,326 


454 

2,260 

1,378 

274 

421 

4,270 

738 

4,574 

1,705 

131 

1,006 

123 

1,317 

643 

223 

127 

1,8G9 

1,054 

67 

12,892 

718 

479 

717 

185 

3,676 

3,147 

262 

2,561 

728 

2,269 

989 

2,327 

579 

2,563 

263 

340 

1,537 

21,782 

1,160 

66 

80 

855 

1,462 

415 

298 

3,236 

296 

2,690 

2.098 

1,690 

163 

1,826 

115 

2,036 

1,063 

1,774 

666 

982 

3,561 

918 

282 

699 

1,940 

1,523 

996 

650 

837 

2,906 

2,441 

1,570 

l.lfil 

2,172 

666 

1,354  ■ 

448 

1,793 

30 

1,101 

275 

1,086 

158 

196 

2,243 

627 

121 

881 

380 

1,618 

690 


>  In  1874,  part  of  Prairie  an- 
nexed. 
'  Tn  1873,  part  tc  Duncan. 


*  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced. 

*  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced. 

*  In  1871,  pait  to  Milks  Grove. 


«  In  1874,  part  to  Lowell. 

'  Since  1870,  area  much  rednced. 


»  In  1879,  part  to  Mineral. 

» In  1879,  part  to  West  Cherry. 

269 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PIm*. 


County. 


State. 


PupuUtlon. 


1870.       1880. 


PIao«. 


County. 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


Cherry  Valley tp. 

Cherry  Vitlley p.». 

Cherry  V»lIoy p.*. 

Cherry  Valley tp. 

Cherry  Valley tp. 

Cherry  Valley pr 

Cherry  Valley p.tp. 

Chorryville  - p.v. 

Cherryville- tp. 

Clierryville p.h. 

Cherryvllle p.v. 

Chesaiiiug tp. 

ChewuluK ~ pv. 

Chempeake  City....p.T. 

Cheshire.. ptp. 

Cheshire p.tp 

Cheshire... ,...p.tp. 

Cheshire.- p.v. 

Cheshire.- tp. 

Cheshire ~p.v. 

Chest  I -tp. 

Chest tp. 

Chuster tp. 

Chester - tp. 

Chester ....p.tp. 

Chester tp. 

Chester c. 

Chester tp. 

Chester. tp. 

Chester tp. 

Chester p.v. 

Chester tp. 

Chester p.tp. 

Chester p.tp. 

Chester p.tp. 

Chester tp. 

Chester p.h. 

Chester tp. 

Chester p.v. 

Chester. p.tp. 

Chester tp. 

Chester. tp. 

Chester p.v. 

Chester p.tp. 

Chester tp. 

Chester tp. 

Chester tp. 

Chester tp. 

Chester p.v. 

Chester tp. 

Clioster tp. 

Chester c. 

Chester tp. 

Cliester tp. 

Cli  ester tp. 

Chester p.v. 

Chester p.h. 

Chester* tp. 

Chester  C.  II p.v. 

Cliester  Depot p.v. 

Chesterfield tp. 

CliestertieUl „..p.v. 

Chesterfleld p.v. 

Chesterfield tp. 

Chesterfield p.b. 

Chesterfield p.tp. 

Chesterfield p.tp, 

Chesterfield tp. 

Chesterfield tp. 

Chesterfield tp. 

Chesterfield p.v. 

Chesterfield tp. 

Chesterfield  Ceutre.v. 
Chesterfield  Fact'y.P-v. 

Chesterton p.T. 

Clicstertown p.T. 

Chestertown p.v. 

Cheslerville. h. 

Chestorville tp. 

Chesterville p.h. 

Chesterville p.h. 

Chesterville h. 

Cliesterville v. 

Chesterville p.v. 

Chestnut tp. 

Chestnut p.h. 

Chestnut  BlufTs p.h. 

Chestnut  Hill p.h. 

Chestnut  Hill p.tp. 


Winnehago—  . 
Winnebago-... 

Worcester 

Lake.- 

Otsei{0 

Otsego 

Ashtabula 

Hunterdon 

Gaston 

Qitston 

Northampton.. 

Saginaw 

Saginaw 

Cecil 

New  Haven.-  . 

Berkshire- 

Allegan 

Ontario 

Gallia 

Gallia 

Cambria 

Clearfield.- 

Pallas 

Desha 

Middlesex 

Logan 

Raudolph 

Wabash 

Welli 

Howard 

Howard 

Poweshiek 

Penobscot- 

Hampden  - 

f^tou 

Ottawa. 

Olmsted 

Wiibosha 

Choctaw 

Rockingham .. 

Burliiigtou 

Morris 

Morris 

Orange 

Warren 

Cliutou 

Geauga.- 

Meigs 

Meigs 

Morrow 

Wayne 

Delaware 

Delaware 

Chester 

Windsor 

Windsor 

Cliesterfleld 

Dodge 

Chester. 

Windsor 

Macoupin , 

Macoupin-...., 

Madison 

Hampshire 

Hampshire 

Macomb 

Cheshire 

Burlington..... 

Essex , 

Fulton 

Morgan 

Chesterfield  -.. 

Cheshire 

Cheshire 

Porter. ~... 

Kent.- 

Warren- , 

Dearborn 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Kent.- 

Pontotoc 

Albany 

Morrow 

Knox 

Log^n 

Crockett. , 

Harford 

Ashe- 


Ill 

HI 

»Uss..... 
Mich.... 

N.  T 

N.  T 

Ohio 

N.  J 

N.  C 

N.  C 

Pa. 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Md 

Conn.... 

Mass 

Mich.... 

N.Y 

Ohia 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa 

Ark 

Ark 

Conn.... 

Ill 

Ill 

lud 

lud 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Me 

Mass.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn.... 
Jlinn.... 

Miss 

N.H 

N.  J 

N.  J 

N.  J 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio..... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

S.  C 

Vt 

Vt 

Va 

Wis 

S.  C 

Vt 

Ill 

Ill 

Iiid 

Mass.... 
Mass.... 
Mich.... 

N.  H 

N.  J 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

S.  C 

N.  H 

N.  U 

Ind 

Md 

N.  Y 

Ind 

Me 

Mo 

Md 

Miss 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ill 

Ill 

Tenu..., 

Md 

N.C 


1,421 


2,337 
OiJO 
726 

'z^oolj 


1,507 
721 
1,008 
2,3U 
1,7.58 
1,443 


1,8'Jo 

276 

870 

1,178 

510 

200 

1,094 

1,062 

1,615 

3,143 

1,212 

324 


568 

350 

1,253 

1,117 

1,405 


835 


1,153 
2,586 
1,743 


1,271 

612 

727 

119 

2,260 

856 

698 

60 

2,356 

68 

123 

2,059 

889 

1,402 

2,284 

l,5:i7 

1,404 

204 

2,030 

195 

527 

1,098 

554 

226 

1,177 

872 

2,580 

4,466 

1,668 

623 

101 

624 

362 

1,473 

1,495 

1,703 

59 

1,067 

163 

1,136 

2,855 

2,337 

705 

2,229 

2,247 

1,44:J 

748 

1,752 

176 

975 

2,1('5 

14,997 

582 

5,964 

1,901 

482 

194 

750 

1,899 

122 

l,:i55 

195 

150 

769 

112 

2,349 

1,173 

1,5-25 

2,752 

1,011 

445 

2,357 

145 

245 

488 

2,359 

349 

97 

965 

178 

48 

39 

167 

266 

1,087 

117 

127 

, I  26 

1,412      1,815 


2,113 
2,329 
1,173 

727 
1,6.56 

172 
1,073 
1,921 
9,485 
1,452 

944 
2,052 


1,870 


203 
811 


2,175 
1,289 
1,748 
2,795 
926 


1,708 


1,871 


1,011 


81 


247 

282 

1,14-1 


CTiestnut  Hill tp. 

Chestnut  Muund...p.h. 

Chestnut  Uidge p.h. 

Chestonia p.tp. 

Chest  Springs p,b. 

Chetopa. p.v. 

Clietopa* - tp. 

Cheto|>a. tp. 

Cheviot p.v. 

Chew's  Landing p.v. 

ChewHville p.h. 

Chewtown v. 

Cheyenne tp. 

Cheyenne c. 

Chicago c, 

Chicago p.v. 

Chicago p.v. 

Chicitskia tp. 

ChicaKkia tp. 

Chichahih tp. 

Chichester p.tp. 

Chickainacomico...tp. 
Chickamauga  Station. 

p.h. 

Chickaming p.tp. 

Chickasaw p.h. 

Chickasaw tp. 

Chickasaw p.v. 

Chickasaw v. 

Chickasttwba tp. 

Chicken  Creek h. 

Chick's  Springs tp. 

Chico< tp. 

Chico p.v. 

Chico p.v. 

Chicoa tp. 

Chicopee- p.tp. 

Chicot v. 

Chihuahua v. 

Cbilhowee tp. 

Chilhowee p.v. 

Chill tp. 

Chili p.v. 

Chili p.v. 

Chili p.tp. 

Chili p.v. 

Chilllcothp -tp. 

Chillicothe p.v. 

Chillicothe p.v. 

Chillicothe*. tp. 

Chillicothe.- c. 

Chillicothe.- c. 

Chiliisiiuaque p.tp. 

ChiluLirk p.tp, 

Chilo p.v. 

Chilton* tp. 

Chilton p.v. 

Chiltonville p.v. 

Chimallo v. 

China? tp. 

China tp. 

China tp. 

China  Grove p.h. 

Chinese  Camp p.v. 

Chino p.tp, 

Cliinqnepln tp. 

Chlnquepin tp. 

Chippewa tp. 

Chippewa. tp. 

Chippewa tp. 

Chippewa tp. 

Chippewa tp. 

Chippewa  Falls p.tp. 

ChipiHjwa  Falls p.v, 

Chisago  City p.v. 

Chisago  Ijiike tp. 

Chisniville p.h. 

Chittenango p.v. 

Chittenango  Station. 

p.h. 

Chittenden tp. 

Chittenden.. ...... .-.p.v. 

Chocolay  ' tp. 

Choconut' p.tp, 

Chocowinity p.tp. 

Choctaw tp. 

Choctaw  Corner.. ..p.h. 

Chouteau tp. 

Chrisman p.v. 


Monroe-. 

Smith 

Jackson 

Antrim 

Cambria 

Labette 

Neosho— 

Wilson 

Hamilton 

Camden 

Washington- 
Lawrence 

Barton 

Laramie 

Cook 

Marion 

Huron 

Harper 

Sumner 

Yell 

Merrimao 

Dure 


Hamilton.- 

Berrien 

Colbert 

Chickasaw 

Chickasaw 

Mercer 

Mississippi 

.luab 

Greenville 

Butte 

Butte 

Wise 

Pitt 

Hampden , 

St.  Landry , 

Summit 

Johnson 

Johnson. 

Hancock 

Hancock 

Miami , 

Monroe 

Coshocton 

Peoria 

Peoria 

Wapello 

Livingston 

Livingston 

Boss 

Northumberland 

Dukes 

Clermont 

Calumet 

Calumet , 

Plymouth 

Bio  Arriba 

Lee 

Kennebec 

St.  Clair , 

Rowan 

Tuolumne , 

Sim  Bernardino.. 

Aiken 

Lexington 

Isaboll.a , 

Mecosta 

Douglas 

Wayne 

Beaver , 

Pope , 

Chippewa 

Chisago 

Chisago- , 

Logan , 

Madison 


Madison 

Rutland 

Rutland 

Marquette 

Susquehanna.. 

Beaufort 

Lincoln 

Clarke , 

Madison. 

Edgar , 


Pa 

Tenn.... 

Ind 

Mich.... 

Pa 

Kan-.., 

Kan 

Kan 

Ohio 

N.J 

Md 

Pa 

Kan 

Wyom. 

Ill 

Ky 

Ohio 

Kan  -.., 

Kan 

Ark 

N.  H 

N.  C.-.., 


Tenn ... 
Mich.... 

Ala 

Iowa..- 
Iowa. ... 

Ohio 

Ark 

Utah.... 

S.C 

Cil 

Cal 

Tex 

N.C 

Mass.... 

La 

Col 

Mo 

Mo 

Ill 

Ill 

lud 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio 

Pa 

Mass.... 

Ohio 

Wis-.... 

Wis 

Mass .... 
N.  Mex. 

Ill 

Me 

Mich.... 

N.C 

Cal 

Cal 

S.C 

S.C 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn  ... 

Ohio 

Pa 

Minu... 

Wis 

Minn ... 
Minn  ... 

Ark 

N.  Y-... 


N.  Y-.. 

Vt 

Vt 

Mich... 

Pa 

N.  C... 

Ark 

Ala 

Ill 

Ill 


1.419 


269 
960 
821 
680 


1.4,50 
298,977 


175 
871 


992 
"i",076 


380 
448 


1,226 
3,714 


1,683 
9,007 


1,362 

185 

1,001 


2,367 


211 

C,006 

3,978 

8,920 

1,597 

476 

ICO 

1,517 

303 


2,351 
2,118 
1,637 


253 
315 
140 
104 

2,510 
817 
116 

2,507 


775 


968 


200 

939 

1,630 


124 
81 
248 
3(15 
1,;505 
1,203 
793 
326 
346 
110 
880 
680 
3,46« 
603,185 
192 
662 
697 
.164 
240 
784 
263 

146 

996 

66 

1,289 

132 

59 

864 

36 

2,247 

6,239 

3,300 

292 

2.523 

11,286 

84 

141 

1,715 

8S 

1,418 

89 

131 

2,274 

91 

1,357 

936 

234 

6,800 

4,078 

10,9:i8 

1,737 

494 

2(X) 

1,361 

1,132 

640 

175 

1,411 

1,769 

1,028 

26 

184 

411 

487 

1,208 

487 

445 

361 

3,527 

908 

273 

3,982 

92 

1,362 

100 

954 

97 

1,092 

392 

974 

637 

2,460 

952 

150 

1,094 

611 


>  In  1878,  part  to  Elder. 
(  In    1870,    including   part    of 
Wa:ipun  City. 

270 


«  In  1870,  part  to  Sliiloh. 
*  In  1872,  part  to  Dayton. 
»  In  1873,  part  to  Rich  HilL 


•  In  1870,  including  Chilton  Vil- 
lage. 
T  In  1872,  part  to  Nachusa. 


«  In  1871,  part  to  Forsyth. 
•In  1870,  including FrienJsville 
and  Little  Meadows. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Flac«. 


Clirist  CJinrch tp. 

Cliriatian tp. 

Christiana hnd. 

Christiana p.  v. 

Christiana tp. 

Cliristiana p.T. 

Clinstiana tp. 

Cliristiana p.y. 

Cliristiana tp. 

CUristiansburg p.  v. 

Christiansburg p.T. 

Christy! tp. 

Chiialar p.h. 

Chulaflnnee p.v. 

ChuDChula. p.T. 

Church  Creek p.T. 

Church  Uill p.T. 

Church  Hill T. 

Churchill tp. 

Churclitown y. 

Churchtown p.T. 

Churchville Ii. 

Clmrchville p.T. 

Churchville p.b, 

Churchville v. 

Churchville p.T. 

Churubusco p.T. 

Churiibusco p.T. 

Cicero tp. 

Cicero p.T. 

Cicero tp. 

Cicero tp. 

Cicero p.T. 

Cicero tp. 

Cimarron p.T. 

Cincinnati p.T. 

Cincinnati tp. 

Cincinnati p.h. 

Cincinnati p.T. 

Cincinnati tp. 

Cincinnati h. 

Cincinnati c. 

Ciucinnatus tp. 

Ci  nci  n  natus p.T, 

Cinnaniinson p.tp. 

Cinquo  Ilomme '...tp. 

Circle  Valley t, 

Circleville p.h. 

Circlcville tp. 

Circlevillo c. 

Circleville ....h. 

Circleville t. 

Cisco p.h. 


....p.h. 

P-h. 

P.h. 

P-v. 

..-..p.T. 
..p.T. 


..p.T, 
,.tp. 


Cisco.., 

Cisne 

Cistern 

Citronello 

City  Island .. 
City  I'uint.... 

Civil  Bend „ p.h, 

Cladersville .....h 

Claiborne 

Claiborne , 

Clam  Falls p'.tp. 

Clam  Lake „tp. 

Clam  Union tp. 

Clancy p.h. 

Clapper p.h. 

Clapper  Street T. 

Clara p.tp. 

Clare „ p.y. 

Clareniont tp. 

Claremont p.T. 

Clareniont tp. 

Claremont p.T, 

Claremont..... p.tp. 

Clareniont t. 

Clarence p.h. 

Clarence p.y. 

Clarence tp. 

Clarence tp, 

Clarence ....p.y. 

Clarence p.tp. 

Clarendon p.y." 

Clarendon ....tp. 

Clarendon tp. 

Clarendon y. 

Clarendon p.tp. 

Claridon p.tp. 

Claridon tp. 


County. 


Cliarleston .... 
Independence 
New  Castle.... 
New  Castle..., 

Jackson , 

Lancaster 

Dane 

Dane 

Vernon 

Shelby 

Montgomery  . 

Lawrence 

Monterey 

Cleburne 

Mobile 

Dorchester...., 
Queen  Anne.., 

Dauphin 

Ogemaw 

Cumberland.... 

Lancaster 

Warren 

Monroe 

Bucks 

Dauphin 

Augusta 

Whitley 

Clinton 

Cook , 

Hamilton 

Tipton 

Onondaga , 

Onondaga 

Outagamie 

Colfax 

Washington.... 

Tazewell 

Greene 

Appanoose  ..... 

Harrison 

Montgomery .. 

Hamilton 

Cortland 

Cortland 

Burlington 

Porry 

Pi  Ute 

Jackson 

Pickaway_ 

Pickaway 

Westmoreland 

Pendleton 

Placer. 

Piatt 

Wayne 

Fayette 

Mobile 

Westchester.... 
Prince  George. 

Daviess 

Lehigh 

Monroe 

Union 

Polk 

Wexford 

Missaukee 

Jefferson 

Monroe 

Schuylkill 

Potter 

Clare 

Kichland 

nichland 

Dodge 

Dodge 

Sullivan 

Alleghany , 

Ford 

Cedar 

Barton 

Calhoun 

Shelby 

Erie 

Monroe 

Calhoun 

Orleans.^ 

Warren 

Rutland 

Geauga 

Marion.. , 


State. 


S.O 

Ark 

Del 

Del 

Minn... 

Pa 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Ky 

Va 

Ill 

Cal 

Ala 

Ala 

Md 

Md 

Pa. 

Mich.... 

Pa. 

Pa 

Iowa.... 
N.  Y_... 

Pa 

Pa 

Va 

Ind 

N.  Y 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Wis 

N.  Mex. 

Ark 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Md 

Ohio .... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y..... 
N.  J„.... 

Mo 

Utah.... 

Kan 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 

Pa 

W.  Va.. 

Cal 

Ill 

Ill 

Tex 

Ala 

N.  Y 

Va 

Mo 

Pa 

Ala 

Ohio-... 

Wis 

Mich.,.. 
Mich.,,. 

Mon 

Mo 

Pa 

Pa 

Mich.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Minn... 
Minn... 
N.  U.... 

Pa. 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Mich.... 

Mo 

N.  Y..„. 

Ark 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Vt 

Ohio 

Ohio 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


4,493 

1,32" 

5,370 

443 


1,342 
'i',l33 


864 
2,904 


1,645 

422 

3,646 

2,902 

212 


758 


447 


216,239 

1,155 

350 

3,112 

2,910 


5,922 
6,407 


1,947 


1,278 
120 
638 


4,053 


1,075 

444 

3,147 


1,150 
1,668 


1,173 

909 

1,483 


6,153 

1,891 

6,140 
390 
435 
469 

1,859 
147 

1,305 
145 
766 

2,069 

46 

47 

214 

331 

230 

178 

146 

346 

200 

56 

613 

26 

238 

245 

720 

111 

6,182 
715 

4,078 

2,934 

275 

777 

290 

200 

871 

87 

189 

661 

54 

255,139 

1,093 
429 

2,184 

1,449 
67 
122 

6,541 

6,046 

149 

88 

73 

173 

185 

67 

169 

989 

484 

78 

90 

199 

2,758 
115 
620 
402 
76 
39 
448 
238 
502 

1,731 
16:1 
582 
269 

4,704 
413 
41 
C07 
489 

1,178 
670 

3,495 
400 

1,263 

1,797 
295 

1,105 
808 

1,771 


Place. 


Clarlnda p.y, 

Clarington p.y. 

Clarion tp. 

Clarion*. tp. 

Clarion p.y. 

Clarion tp. 

Clarion p.b. 

Clark tp. 

Clark tp. 

Clark tp. 

Clark tp. 

Clark p.h. 

Clark tp. 

Clark tp, 

Clark tp, 

Clark tp. 

Clark tp. 

Clark tp. 

Clark tp. 

Clark tp. 

Clark tp. 

Clark* tp. 

Clark tp. 

Clarke tp. 

Clarke tp. 

Clarke „.tp. 

Clarke v. 

Clarkestown p.h. 

Clarkesville p.y. 

Clark  Furnace v. 

Clarksborough p.y. 

Clarksburg. y. 

Clarksburg p.T. 

Clarksburg p.T. 

Clarksburg tp. 

Clarksburg p.y. 

Clarksburg p.h. 

Clarksburg p.y. 

Clarksburg p.y. 

Clark's  Corners p.h. 

Clark's  Creek tp. 

Clarksdale p.b, 

Clarksfield tp. 

Clarksfleld p.y, 

Clark's  Fork' p.tp. 

Clark's  Green p.v. 

Clark's  Hill p.v. 

Clark's  Mills. p.T, 

Clark's  Mills p.h. 

Clark's  Mills -.p.h, 

Clarkson tp. 

Clarkson p.y. 

Clark's  Station y. 

Clark's  Summit p.v. 

Clarkston p.h. 

Clarkston p.y. 

Clarkston p.h. 

Clarkstown tp. 

Clarksville -p.y, 

ClarksTille -.p.T, 

Clarksville h. 

Clarksville —y. 

Clarksville y. 

Clarksville „.p.y, 

Clarksville tp. 

Clarksville p.y. 

Clarksville ......p.v. 

Clarksville p.tp. 

Clarksville p.y. 

Clarksville tp. 

Clarksville _y. 

Clarksville - y, 

Clarksville .v. 

Clarksville v. 

Clarksville h. 

Clarksville tp. 

Clarksville p.T, 

Clarksville T, 

ClarksTille p.T. 

ClarksTille b, 

Clarksville p.y. 

Clarksville -.h. 

Clarksville .p.y. 

Clarktou .p.y, 

Clarkton p.T. 

Clarktown h. 

Clarno -....tp. 

ClarysTille v. 

Claverack tp. 

Claverack p.y. 


Connty. 


Pago 

Monroe 

Bureau 

Wright 

Wright 

Clanon 

Clarion......... 

Greene 

Logan 

Pike 

Pope 

Clark 

Johnson 

Montgomery . 

Perry 

Tama 

Faribault 

Atchison , 

Cole 

Lincoln- 

Wright.-.. 

Union 

Brown 

Chariton 

Clinton , 

Coshocton , 

Washington-., 

Lycoming 

Habersham.... 

Stewart 

Gloucester. 

Daviess 

Decatur. 

Montgomery .. 

Berkshire 

Monmouth 

Boss 

Carroll 

Harrison 

Ashtabula...,., 

Morris , 

Cliristian 

Huron , 

Huron , 

Cooper 

I..nckawanna... 
Tippecanoe..... 

Oneida 

Mercer , 

Manitowoc 

Monroe 

Monroe- 

Lake - 

Lackawanna... 

De  Kalb 

Oakland 

Cache 

Rockland 

Johnson 

El  Dorado...... 

Clark 

Clarke — . 

Hamilton 

Butler 

Big  Stone- 

Pike 

Merrick 

Coos 

Albany 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Madison 

Niagara 

Otsego 

Dare 

Davie - 

Clinton 

Alleghany 

Greene 

Mercer 

Montgomery ., 
Bennington..,. 
Mecklenburg.. 

Dunklin 

Bladen 

Washington-.. 

Green 

Alleghany 

Columbia.- 

Columbia....... 


Stote. 


Iowa... 
Ohio-.. 

Ill 

Iowa..., 
Iowa..., 

Pa 

Pa 

Ark.-.. 
Ark.-.. 

Ark 

Ark 

Dakota 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa. ... 
Minn... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.J 

Oliio 

Mo 

Ohio 

Ohio 

n.  I 

Pa 

Ga 

Tenn.... 

N.  J. 

Ind 

Ind 

Md 

Mass.... 

N.  J 

Ohio 

Tenn ... 
W.  Va., 
Ohio-... 
Kan—.- 

111- 

Ohio 

Olilo-... 

Mo 

Pa 

Ind 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Wis 

N.  Y 

N.Y-... 

Ind 

Pa 

Ga 

Mich.... 
Utah.... 
N.  Y-... 
Ark-.- 

Cal 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Minn... 

Mo 

Neb.-... 
N.  H.... 

N.Y 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  C 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Tenn ... 

Vt 

Va 

Mo 

N.  C-... 

Pa 

Wis.-.- 

Md 

N.Y-... 
N.  Y 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


1,022 
728 

1,023 
153 
37 

1,059 
709 
600 


966 


1,474 

2,175 

1,567 

336 

347 

1,276 

800 

1. 


331 
1,691 

939 
1,877 

867 


320 

ijoeii 

*i*,126 


420 
*i',884 


153 

4,137 

466 


1,152 


269 
236 
784 


150 
300 


919 


359 
8.200 


1,637 
'3,671 


2,011 

916 

851 

463 

147 

1,440 

1,169 

744 

85U 

l,05<i 

1,008 

26 

1,486 

2,401 

2,096 

1,109 

248 

2,037 

1,646 

1,904 

456 

35:t 

1,761 

1,136 

2,006 

1,011 

151 

71 

291 

SOO 

180 

289 

402 

157 

724 

106 

308 

101 

2,307 

40 

447 

137 

1,042 

242 

1,406 

207 

236 

393 

75 

84 

2,10'J 

319 

lOO 

92 

33 

368 

464 

4,378 

050 

67 

79 

1037 

156 

818 

207 

1,493 

208 

328 

260 

852 

93 

681 

189 

185 

68 

1,102 

367 

169 

205 

264 

3,880 

24 

682 

314 

75 

75 

1,422 

90 

4,347 

311 


1  Since  1870,  part  to  Bridgeport. 
•  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced. 


»  In  1870,  part  to  Dayton, 


*  In  1871,  part  to  Cranford. 


*  In  1872,  part  to  Prairie  Horn* 
271 


POPULATION  OP  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PtaMb 


Our.- ». ~.>tp. 

01«y «-. tp. 

OUgr - -.«p. 

€luy~ <P- 

CIiiy„ ~~ tp. 

a»y.- ~. ~"tp. 

Oajr.- ~. tp. 

Clay.. ~ ~..tp. 

CUy- ~ ~..tp. 

Clay ~ tp. 

Clay.- tp. 

Clay » tp. 

Clay.- ~. tp. 

Clay.- tp. 

Clay ~ tp. 

Clay.- .~ tp. 

Clay- - tp. 

Clay- tp. 

CUy tp. 

Clay- tp. 

Clay* tp. 

Clay.- tp. 

Clay- tp. 

Clay- tp. 

Clay- tp. 

Clay- >..tp. 

Clay- tp. 

Clay» tp. 

Clny- p.tp. 

Clay.- tp. 

Clay- tp. 

Clay- tp. 

Clay- tp. 

Clay- tp. 

Clay— tp. 

Clay— tp. 

Clay.- tp. 

Clay- tp. 

Clay- ~..tp. 

Clay.- tp. 

Clay.- tp. 

Clay< tp. 

CIay> tp. 

Clay tp. 

Clay- tp. 

Clay- tp. 

Clay— tp. 

Clay- tp. 

Clay.- tp. 

Clay- tp. 

Clay— p.tp, 

Clay.- tp. 

Clay- tp. 

Clay- tp. 

Clay- tp. 

Clay— tp. 

Clay- tp. 

Clay— tp. 

Clay— tp. 

Clay- tp. 

Clay- tp. 

Clay< tp. 

Clay tp. 

Olay tp. 

Clay  Bank p.tp. 

Clay  Banks- p.tp, 

Clayburg- p.v. 

Clay  Centre'.- tp. 

Clay  Centre p.v. 

Clay  Centre p.v. 

Clay  Centre v. 

CUy  City tp. 

Clay  City- p.v. 

Clay  City- p.v. 

Clay  Lick- p.h 

Clay  Mills. p.k. 

Olaymont- p.U. 

Claysburg v. 

Claysburg v. 

Cbysvllle v. 

Claysville v. 

Claj-eville p.b. 

Claysville v. 

Claygville p.h. 

Claygville p.b. 

ClayKville v. 

Claygville v. 

Clayton ....p.T. 


OooBty. 


Bradley- 

Columbia.- 

White 

Bartholomew.. 

Carroll 

Cass 

Dearborn 

Decatur 

Hamilton 

Hendricks 

Howard -. 

Kosciusko 

La  Grange 

Miami 

Morgan 

Owen 

Pike 

Spencer 

8t.  Joseph-...., 

Wayne 

Clay , 

Grundy 

Uardln , 

Hariisou — 

Jones- , 

Marion — 

Polk 

Shelby 

Washington—, 

Wayne 

Wel)ster , 

Butler 

Reno 

St.  Clair. 

Adair 

Andrew .., 

Atchison , 

Clarke 

Douglas ., 

Dunklin 

Greene 

Harrison 

Holt 

Lafayette 

Linn 

Monroe 

Ralls , 

Saline 

Shelby 

Sullivan 

Onondaga 

Guilford 

Auglaize 

Gallia 

Highland 

Knox 

Montgomery.., 
Muskingum..., 

Ottawa 

Scioto 

Tuscarawas.... 

Butler 

Huntingdon-., 

Lancaster- 

Oceana 

Door 

Clinton- 

Clay 

Clay 

Clay 

Ottawa 

Clay , 

lay , 

ranklin 

Jones- 

New  Castle 

Clarke 

Blair , 

Huntington  -.. 

Bourbon 

Harrison 

Salou. 

Guernsey 

Washington-., 

Providence 

Wood 

Barbour. 


SUte. 


Ark. — 
Ark-... 
Ark-... 

lud 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

lud 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

luwa..., 
Iowa..., 
Iowa..., 
Iowa..., 
Iowa. .., 
Iowa..., 
Iowa..., 
Iowa.... 
Iowa..,. 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan..... 
Mich.... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo , 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo , 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo , 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y-.., 
N.  C...., 
Ohio..... 
Ohio...., 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio..... 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa. 

Mich.... 

Wis 

N.  T-.. 

Kan 

Kan 

Neb.-.., 

Ohio 

Ill 

HI 

Ind...... 

Pa 

Iowa.... 

Del 

Ind , 

Pa. 

Ind 

Ky 

Ky 

N.  J 

Ohio-... 

Pa 

B.I 

W.  Va.. 
Ala...... 


PopuUtion. 


1870.      1880, 


630 

367 

617 

778 

049 

814 

1,209 

2,006 

1,413 

1,571 

l,3.'iO 

1,U73 

1,'248 

972 

1,234 

1,284 

747 

1^186 

1,442 

1,004 

310 

329 

1,394 

4o6 

926 

1,372 


129 
788 
473 


1,476 
1,340 


1,673 
1,119 

333 
1,426 

840 

on 

887 
3,508 

939 
1,618 
1,701 


1,433 

887 
3,156 

835 
1,095 
1,400 
1,345 

940 
2,641 

776 
2,174 

927 
1,205 
1,062 

818 
1,440 

402 

819 


1,134 


1,364 
694 


118 
284 


882 

920 

842 

794 

1,001 

8:13 

1.479 

1,973 

l,63;j 

1,966 

1,340 

1,163 

1,408 

1,098 

1,363 

1,219 

946 

1,855 

1,460 

1,063 

342 

058 

1,373 

657 

781 

2,693 

1,065 

860 

072 

8o:) 

346 

410 

441 

1,523 

1,832 

1,193 

2,181 

1,202 

526 

1,760 

852 

1,074 

1,399 

3,461 

1,432 

1,555 

1,700 

2,242 

1,761 

1,062 

2,910 

1,011 

1,346 

1,507 

1,449 

926 

3,003 

887 

3,016 

1,148 

1,293 

1,036 

891 

1,601 

649 

653 

299 

2,8.52 

1,753 

68 

147 

1,450 

612 

419 

64 

43 

30 

163 

178 

63 

466 

134 

281 

119 

323 

170 

88 

701 


Place. 


Clayton p.T. 

Clayton p.T. 

Clayton tp. 

Clayton p.v. 

Clayton tp. 

Clayton p.r. 

Clayton... tp. 

Clayton p.T. 

Clayton tp. 

Clayton tp. 

Clayton tp. 

Clayton p.v. 

Clayton tp. 

Clayton p.v. 

Clayton  * tp. 

Clayton p.T. 

Clayton tp. 

Clayton p.v. 

Clayton tp. 

Clayton p.v. 

Clayton h, 

Clayton tp. 

Clayton p.v. 

Clayton tp. 

Clayton tp. 

Clayton tp. 

Clayton  Centre v. 

Clayville.- p.h. 

Clayville— p.v. 

Clayville p.v. 

Clayville b. 

Clear  Creek tp. 

Clear  Creek tp. 

Clear  Creek tp. 

Clear  Creek tp. 

Clear  Creok p.tp. 

Clear  Creek tp. 

Clear  Creek tp. 

Clear  Creek tp. 

Clear  Creok tp. 

Clear  Creek  » p.tp. 

Clear  Creek tp. 

Clear  Creek tp. 

Clear  Creek tp. 

Clear  Creek tp. 

Clear  Creek p.h. 

Clear  Creek tp. 

Clear  Creek tp. 

Clear  Creek tp. 

Clear  Creek p.tp. 

Clear  Creek tp. 

Clearfield  »o. tp. 

Clearfield  " tp. 

Clearfield.. p.b. 

Clearfield tp. 

Clear  Fork tp. 

Clear  Grit p.h. 

Clear  Lake tp. 

Clear  Lake tp. 

Clear  Lake tp. 

Clear  Lake  ts tp. 

Clear  Lake p.v. 

Clear  Lake tp. 

Clear  Lake" p.tp. 

Clear  Lake tp. 

Clear  Lake p.v. 

Clear  Spring.........p.v, 

Clear  Spring tp. 

Clear  Spring p.v, 

Clearville p.h. 

Clear  Water p.tp. 

Clear  Water, tp. 

Clear  Water p.v. 

Cleaveland,- p.v, 

Cleburne  - p.v. 

Clement tp. 

Clement p.v. 

Clemmonsville p.tp, 

Cleon tp. 

Cleona tp, 

Cleora p.v. 

Clermont p.v. 

Clermont tp, 

Clermont- p.v, 

Clermont tp. 

Clermont p.v. 

Cleveland p.v. 

Cleveland. p.T. 


County. 


Kent.. 

Rabnn 

Adams 

Adams 

Wooilford. 

Hendricks 

Clayton  - 

Clayton- 

Taylor , 

Bay 

Genesee 

Lenawee 

Mower 

Vernon 

Gloucester 

Gloucester 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Miami 

Periy 

Panola 

Crawford 

I'olk 

Winnebago 

Clayton 

Clay 

Webster 

Oneida 

Jefferson 

Drew 

Hot  Spring 

Sevier 

Huntington-.. 

Monroe 

Jasper 

Johnson 

Keokuk 

Marion.- 

Nemaha 

Pottawatomie.. 

Stafford 

Cooper , 

Vernon 

Saunders 

Henderson 

Mecklenburg., 

Ashland 

Fairfield 

Warren 

Butler. 

Cambria 

Clearfield....... 

Juneau 

Marshall , 

Fillmore 

Mississippi 

Sangamon 

Steuben 

Cerro  Gordo..... 
Cerro  Gordo.... 

Hamilton 

Sherburne 

Polk 

Polk 

Jackson 

I.ia  Grange 

Washington-,. 

Bedford 

Kalkaska— 

Wright 

Wright 

Bradley , 

Johnson 

Clinton,- 

Clinton.- 

Davidson 

Wexford 

Scott 

Chaffee , 

Marion 

Fayette- 

Fayette.- 

Columbia 

Columbia 

White 

Henry 


SUte, 


Del. 

Ga.., 

III... 

III-. 

111... 

Ind. 

Iowa.... 

Iowa... 

Iowa.,, 

Mich.., 

Mich.,. 

Mich.,, 

Minn .. 

Mo 

N.  J 

N.  J.... 
N.  Y.... 
N.  Y.... 
N.  C... 
N.  C... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio..,. 

Tex 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Iowa.,. 

Ark 

Ky 

N.  Y-.. 

Pa 

Ark 

Ark 

Ark 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.  „ 

Iowa.,. 

Iowa. ... 

Kan... 

Kan... 

Kan.,. 

Kan,., 

Mo 

Mo 

Neb.„. 
N.  C„.. 
N.C-. 
Ohio... 
Ohio-. 
Ohio... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Wis..., 
Kan... 
Minn. 
Ark..., 

Ill 

Ind.... 
Iowa. . 
Iowa. . 
Iowa.. 
Minn. 
Wis..., 
Wis.-, 
Ind.... 
Ind..,. 
Md  „.. 

Pa 

Mich.. 
Minn . 
Minn  . 
Tenn , 
Tex,.,. 

Ill 

HI 

N.  C... 

Mich.. 

Iowa.,., 

Col., 

Ind. 

Iowa,,., 

Iowa 

N.  Y, 

N.Y. 

Ga,... 

111.,,, 


111.1870,  part  to  Lake. 

«  In  1878,  part  to  Lone  Tree. 

*  In  1873,  part  to  Monroe. 

272 


*  In  1874,  part  to  Colfax. 

»  In  1874,  part  to  Hickory. 

•  In  1870,  including  Sunbury, 


1  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced, 
8  In  1878,  part  to  Glassborough, 
»  In  1879,  part  to  Marion. 


to  In  1870,  including  Coyleville. 
Ji  In  1877,  part  to  Dean. 
1*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 
IS  In  1871,  part  to  Becker 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


County. 


Clereland tp. 

Cleveland P-V. 

Cleveland tp. 

Cleveland p.v. 

Cleveland p.h. 

Cleveland tp. 

Cleveland tp. 

Cleveland p.v. 

Cleveland p.v. 

Cleveland c. 

Cleveland tp. 

Cleversburg p.v. 

Cleves p.v. 

Clifford p.v. 

Clifford tp. 

Clifford* p.tp. 

Clifton p.v. 

Clifton tp. 

Clifton p.v. 

Clifton tp. 

Clifton h. 

Clifton p.tp. 

CliftonS p.tp. 

Clifton tp. 

Clifton tp. 

Clifton V. 

Clifton p.v. 

Clifton tp. 

Clifton p.v. 

Clifton V. 

Clifton V. 

Clifton p.tp, 

Clifton p.v. 

Clifton .p.v. 

Clifton V. 

Clifton tp. 

Clifton p.tp. 

Clifton tp. 

Cliftondalo p.v. 

Cliftoudale v. 

Clifton  Forge p.v. 

Clifton  Mills p.v. 

Clifton  Park tp. 

Clifton  Park p.v. 

Clifton  Springs p.v. 

Clifton  Station p.h. 

Clifty tp. 

Clifty tp. 

Climax..., tp. 

Climax p.v. 

Wines tp. 

Clinton p.v. 

Clinton .v. 

Clinton p.tp, 

Clinton p.v. 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton...., p.v. 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton tp"." 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton p.v. 

Clinton c. 

Clintons tp. 

Clinton* tp. 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton , tp. 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton p.v. 

Clinton p.v. 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton p.v. 

Clinton p.tp. 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton p.v. 

Clinton tp, 

Clinton h. 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton p.v, 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton tp. 

Clinton p.v, 

Clinton tp. 


KIkliart 

Hancock 

AVhitley 

Lncas 

Kingman 

Leelenaw , 

he  Suenr , 

he  Sneur , 

Oswego 

Cuyahoga 

Greenville 

Cumberland 

Hamilton 

IJartholomew.... 

Butler 

Susquehanna.... 

Iroquois 

Washington 

Washington 

Wilson 

Woodford 

Penobscot 

Keweenaw , 

Lyon 

Randolph 

Randolph 

Monroe 

St.  Lawrence.... 

Greene 

Hamilton 

Alleghany 

Lackawanna.... 

Wayne 

Bosque 

Mason 

Grant 

Monroe 

Pierce 

Kssex 

Ulster 

Alleghany 

Breckenridge.... 

Saratoga 

Saratoga 

Ontario 

Fairfax 

Carroll 

Bartholomew..., 

Kalamazoo 

Kalamazoo 

Catawba 

Van  Buren 

Nevada 

Middlesex 

Jones 

De  Kalb 

De  Witt , 

Boone 

Cass 

Decatur 

Elkhart 

La  Porte , 

Putnam , 

Vermilion 

Vermilion 

Clinton , 

Clinton , 

Franklin , 

Linn 

Pocahontas 

Ringgold , 

Sac , 

Wayne 

Douglas 

Hickman 

Kast  Feliciana.. 

Kennebec 

Kennebec 

Worcester. 

Lenawee 

Lenawee 

Macomb 

Houston 

Rock 

Hinds 

Clinton 

Douglas 

Henry 

Henry 

Texas , 


State, 


Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.. 
Kan... 
Mich.. 
Minn. 
Minn. 
N.  Y... 
Ohio... 
S.C... 

Pa 

Ohio... 
Ind.... 
Kan... 

Pa 

HI 

Kan ... 
Kan ... 
Kan ... 
Ky.... 

Me 

Mich.. 
Minn ... 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Tenn.... 

Tex 

W.  Va .. 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Mass ... 

N.Y 

Va 

Ky 

N.  Y 

N.Y 

N.  Y 

Va 

Ark 

Ind 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

N.  C 

Ark 

Cal 

Conn.... 

Ga 

HI 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind...... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa..., 
Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa..., 

Kan 

Ky 

La 

Me , 

Me 

Mass.... 
Mich..., 
Mich..., 
Mich..., 
Minn... 
Minn... 

Miss 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo , 

Mo 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


2,041 


1,052 


895 

92,829 

811 


1,532 


348 
615 


221 
253 


693 

1,076 

601 

615 


2,657 


1,133 
1,389 


1,904 


1,404 

362 
1,004 
1,800 
1,220 
1,021 

828 
2,099 

797 
1,036 
2,223 

564 
6,129 
7,970 

475 

1,205 

55 

341 


643 

1,030 

272 

930 

1,766 


5,429 

1,356 

752 

1,822 


640 
721 


557 
77 
2,295 
380 
37 
395 
991 
156 
724 
160,146 
877 
174 
836 
134 
467 

1,4,54 
474 

1,590 
142 
977 
99 
350 
247 
204 
844 
132 
150 
71 
310 

1,046 
299 
282 
300 
113 
974 

1,078 
884 
703 
559 
371 
299 
36 

2,454 

49 

902 

94 

401 

1,067 

1,493 
268 

2,134 
1C6 
82 

1,402 
294 

1,174 

2,709 

1,487 
99i 
708 

2,093 
820 

1,016 

3,009 
965 

9,052 

10,054 

307 

1,118 
154 
831 
622 
609 

1,005 
506 

1.129 

l,6t)5 
371 

8,029 

1,577 
927 

2,000 
46 
237 
669 
874 
975 

3,849 

2,868 

1,145 


Place. 


Clinton , 

Clinton  B 

(Minton , 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Clinton , 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Clinton , 

Clinton , 

Clinton , 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Clinton  City 

Clintondale 

Clintondale 

Clinton  Falls 

Clinton  Falls 

Clinton  Grove... 

Clintonia 

Clinton  Lock...., 
Clinton  Mills.... 
Clinton  Valley.. 

Clintonville 

Clintonville 

Clintonville 

Clintonville 

Clintonville 

Clintonville 

Clio 

Clio 

Clipper , 

Clitherall 

Clockvillo 

Clontarf 

Clopton 

Cloutiervllle 

Clover 

Clover 

Clover 

Cloverdale 

Cloverdale 

Cloverdale 

Cloverdale 

Cloverdale 

Clover  Hill , 

Cloverport 

Cluttsville 

Clyde 

Clyde 

Clyde 

Clyde 

Clyde 

Clyde 

Clyde 

Clyde 

Clyde 

Clyman 

Clynier 

Clymer 

Coal 

Coal 

Coal 

Coal  Blufif. 

Coal  Castle 

Coal  City 

Coal  Creek 

Coal  Creek 

Coaldale 

Coalfield 


..tp. 

.tp. 

..p.b. 

..tp. 

..tp. 

..p.v. 

,.tp. 

,.p.v. 

..tp. 
..tp. 


..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 

..p.v, 

..tp. 
..tp. 

..p.v, 

..V. 


..tp. 

,..v. 

..tp, 
..tp. 
,..tp. 

,..tp. 

...p.v, 
...p.v. 
...p.v. 


..tp. 


County, 


State, 


...p.tp. 

...tp. 

..h. 

...p.h. 

...p.v. 

...tp. 

...p.h. 

..h. 

...tp. 

...p.h. 

...h. 

...p.h. 

...V. 

...p.h. 
...p.v. 
...p.v. 
...p.v. 
...p.v. 

...p.h. 

...p.v. 

...V. 

..p.tp, 

,..p.v. 

,„tp. 

..p.v. 
...p.v. 

,..tp. 
...tp. 
...p.h. 
..tp. 

...p.v. 

,..tp. 

...p.v. 

,..p.h. 

...V. 

...p.b. 
..p.h. 

..,p.v, 

„.tp. 

..p.v. 

,..tp. 
...tp. 

...p.v. 
...p.v. 

...V. 

..p.tp. 

...p.tp. 

...p.tp. 

...tp. 

,..tp. 

.,.tp. 

,..tp. 

...p.h. 

...V. 

...p.h. 

...p.v. 

...tp. 


.p.v. 


Essex „.., 

Hunterdon 

Hunterdon 

Clinton 

Dutchess 

Oneida 

Sampson 

Sampson 

Franklin 

Fulton 

Huron 

Knox 

Seneca 

Shelby 

Summit 

Vinton 

Wayne 

Alleghany 

Armstrong , 

Butler 

Lawrence 

Lycoming 

Venango 

Wayne 

Wyoming 

Laurens 

Anderson , 

De  Witt 

Harris , 

Barron , 

Dane 

Rock 

Vernon 

Callaway , 

Ulster , 

Clinton 

Steele 

Steele , 

Hillsborongh., 

De  Witt 

Parke 

Lycoming 

Clinton , 

Kane 

Cedar 

Clinton , 

FrankUn 

Venango 

Waupaca 

Wayne 


Baltimore 

Otter  Tail 

Madison 

Swift 

Dale 

Natchitoches .. 

Henry 

Jefferson 

York 

Sonoma 

Sonoma 

Putnam 

Putnam 

Chautauqua..,. 
Chesterfield.... 
Breckenridge., 

Madison 

Cook 

Whiteside 

Cloud 

Allegan . 


St.  Clair .},Mich. 


Wayne, 

Sandusky 

Kent 

Iowa 

Dodge 

Chautauqua 

Tioga 

Vernon 

Perry 

Northumberland, 

Vigo 

Schnylkill 

Owen 

Anderson 

Montgomery 

Bedford 

Monroe 


N.J. 
N.J. 
N.J. 
N.Y. 
N.Y. 
N.Y. 
N.  C, 
N.  0. 
Ohio, 
Ohio. 
Ohio, 
Ohio, 
Ohio, 
Ohio, 
Ohio, 
Ohio. 
Ohio. 
I'a.... 
Pa.... 
Pa.... 
Pa.... 
Pa.... 
Pa..,. 
Pa.... 
Pa.... 
S.C. 
Tenn ... 

Tex 

Tex 

Wis 

Wig 

Wis.„... 

Wis 

Mo 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Minn... 
Minn... 
N.  H.... 

Ill 

Ind 

Pa 

Ohio 

Ill 

Mo 

N.Y 

Ohio 

Pa 

Wis 

Iowa.... 
Mich.... 

Md 

Minn ... 

N.  Y 

Minn... 

Ala 

La 

Ill 

Pa 

8.  C 

Cal 

Cal 

Ind 

Ind 

Kan  _... 

Va 

Ky 

Ala 

Ill 

Ill 

Kan 

Mich.... 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


N.Y.. 
Ohio.. 
R.  I.... 
Wis.... 
Wis.... 
N.Y-. 

Pa 

Mo .... 
Ohio... 

Pa 

Ind.... 

Pa 

Ind.... 
Tenn. 
Ind.... 

Pa 

Iowa.. 


2,240 
3,019 

785 
2,206 
1,708 
1,040 
2,777 

2(H 
1,800 
3,2.» 


984 
1,526 
3,591 


1,724 
1,502 


1,132 


1,315 
901 

1,178 
834 


1,943 
823 


2,638 


1,695 
868 


1,740 
317 


1,093 


298 
1,176 
2,735 


1,124 
1,420 
1,486 
1,079 


2,920 


1,773 
262 


2,742 

2,975 

842 

2,194 

1,640 

1,236 

3,441 

620 

1,700 

3,725 

177 

904 

1,702 

4,618 

273 

1,008 

2,077 

211 

127 

1,048 

606 

1,676 

1,752 

1,009 

841 

459 

203 

190 

202 

203 

179 

2,126 

1,008 

80 

371 

150 

502 

61 

82 

3,309 

110 

115 

117 

482 

67 

205 

68 

839 

673 

60 

489 

649 

674 

182 

2C6 

142 

111 

1,071 

1,054 

73 

1,2G5 

4:«) 

2,043 

477 

23 

1,011 

1,056 

58 

96 

1,087 

956 

610 

1,252 

2,826 

2,380 

162 

715 

1,235 

1,455 

1,121 

789 

3,8.i6 

4,320 

176 

443 

81 

800 

1,836 

258 

248 


>  In  1870,  Including  Dundaff, 
« In  1870,  part  to  AUouez, 


» In  1870,  part  to  Lincoln. 


*  In  1872,  parts  to  Richland  and     *  In  1871,  part  to  High  Bridge^ 
Bow. 

273 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWiNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETUKNS  OP  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED.' 


Pbca^ 


OMtinnt ^T. 

Co«I  Hollow V. 

Coaling p.r. 

OoAlmoDt. p.T. 

Cott]|H<rt ▼. 

Co»l  Run- p.T. 

OuMltOD p.T. 

OoAlvale..... p.T. 

CwU  Valley  1 tp. 

00*1  Valley.. p.T. 

OoAlTllle.. p.T. 

OoalTille.- p.T. 

OoatMTiUe.- p.T. 

Coatesville.„ p.b. 

Coateeburg.. p.T. 

OoataTllle p.T. 

Oobleskill tp. 

Oobleakill ......p.T. 

Cobiirg p.T. 

OochectoD tp. 

Oochecton p.T. 

Oochitttate p.T. 

Cochraa p.T. 

Oochran p.T. 

Cochrnnsvllle t. 

CochransviUe  _ p.T, 

Oochranton p.b. 

Cockeygvillo p.T. 

Cocoa. tp. 

Coddle  Creok.„ tp. 

Codonis tp. 

Codyrille pint, 

Coo .......tp. 

Coe tp. 

Coesse p.T. 

Coeymans tp. 

Coeymaiis p.T. 

Coffeetown t. 

CofTeeTille ^...p.v. 

Coffeeville .......p.T. 

CoifeeTiUe p.T. 

Coffey tp. 

Coffeyvllle p.T. 

Coffin's  GroTo„ tp. 

Cogan  House p.tp, 

Cobaaset p.tp. 

Cohassot  NarrowB...p.lt. 

Cohoctah tp. 

Coboctab ^....p.b. 

Cobocton  - tp. 

Cobocton M. p.T. 

Coboes c. 

Coin p.T. 

CoitsviUe  - p.tp. 

Cokato tp. 

Cokato  ~ p.T. 

Coke  _ p.T. 

Cokosbu  ry tp. 

Cokeebury p.T. 

Cokeville p.T. 

Cukeville p.b. 

Colburn p.T. 

Colby tp. 

Colby ......p.T. 

Colchester tp. 

Colchester .......p.b. 

Colchester tp. 

Colchester p.T. 

Colchester p.tp. 

Colchester ^..p.tp, 

Coia  Brook tp. 

Cold  Brook T. 

Cold  Brook p.T. 

Cold  Brook  Springs.p.r, 

Cold  Creek  „ h. 

Coldeu „ p  tp, 

Cold  Spring- tp. 

Cold  Spring p.tp, 

Cold  Spring tp. 

Cold  Spring tp. 

ColdS[.ring ...tp. 

Cold  Spring ...p.T. 

Cold  Spring p.T. 

Cold  Spring »..p.h. 

Cold  Spring tp. 

Cold  Spring p.tp. 

Cold  Water tp. 

Cold  Water tp. 

Cold  Water- p.b 

Cold  Water tp. 


Ooonty. 


Johnton 

Bureau 

Tuscalooaa 

Huntingdon.... 

Carbon 

Washington-... 

Boyd 

Crawfonl 

Rock  Island 

Rock  Island 

Webster 

Summit 

llondricks 

Chester. 

Adams 

Schuyler 

Schoharie , 

Schoharie , 

Montgomery ... 

Sullivan 

Sullivan 

Middlesex 

Pulaski- 

Dearborn 

Monroe 

Chester 

Crawford , 

Bfiltimore- , 

Edgecombe 

Iredell 

York.- , 

Washington 

Rock  Island 

Isabella 

Whitley 

Albany .., 

Albany.- ., 

Berks 

Clarke 

Yalabusba , 

Upshur 

White 

Montgomery ... 

Delaware 

Lycoming , 

Norfolk 

Barnstable , 

Livingston 

Livingston , 

Steuben 

Steuben 

Albany «., 

Page 

Mahoning , 

AVright.- 

Wright 

McLennan , 

Abbeville.- 

Abbeville , 

Westmoreland-... 

Ulntab 

Tippecanoe.... 

Clark 

Marathon  -.... 
New  London.. 
Now  London . 
McDonough-. 
McDonough-. 

Delaware 

Chittenden.... 

Warren 

Clinton 

Herkimer 

Worcester 

Erie 

Erie. 

Lassen 

Shelby 

Kalkaska...... 

Phelps 

Cattaraugus-. 

Putnam 

Suffolk 

Umatilla 

Lebanon 

Jefferson 

Cross 

Butler 

Callaway 

Branch 


Bute. 


Ark 

Ill 

Ala.-... 

Pa 

Pu 

Ohio.... 

Ky 

Kan-., 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa. ., 
Utah.., 
lud.... 

Pa 

Ill 

Mo 

N.  Y-. 
N.  Y-., 
Iowa.. 
N.  Y.. 
N.  Y... 
Mass.. 
Ga...,. 
Ind.... 
Ohio-. 

Pa 

Pa. 

Jld .... 
N.  C.„. 
N.  C... 

Pa 

Me 

Ill 

Mich.. 

Ind 

N.  Y„., 
N.  Y„. 

Pa 

Ala.... 
Miss-. 

Tex 

Ark-.. 
Kan.-. 
Iowa.... 

Pa 

Ma^... 
Mass... 
Mich.. 
Mich.. 
N.  Y-. 
N.  Y„. 
N.  Y„. 
Iowa... 
Ohio... 
Minn . 
Minn . 
Tex.„. 
S.C... 
S.O.... 

Pa 

Wyom 
Ind.... 
Wis.-. 
Wis.-. 
Conn.. 
Conn.... 

Ill 

Ill 

N.  Y., 

Vt 

Ill 

N.Y.. 
N.  Y., 
Slass., 
Ohio., 
N.Y- 
Cal..., 

HI 

Mich 
Mo..., 
N.Y. 
N.  Y. 
N.Y. 
Oregon . 

Pa. 

Wis 

Ark 

Iowa.... 

Ky 

Mich.... 


Population. 


1870.     1880, 


180 


2,5W 


C2G 


2,025 
192 


2,847 
1,030 


1,490 


459 


1.281 

1,G29 

2,002 

62 

1,175 

987 

192 

3,077 


1,003 

699 

2,130 


1,176 
'2,7i'6 


15,357 


1,161 
452 


2,179 


3,383 
1,321 


2,6.i2 
3,911 
1,256 


1,472 
'l,65'6 


964 
835 


730 


1,525 


20O 

200 

190 

171 

205 

220 

349 

195 

1,023 

3U 

544 

911 

409 

2,768 

218 

98 

3,370 

1,222 

83 

1,328 

188 

1,101 

836 

1,024 

119 

122 

645 

270 

1,207 

2,:)50 

2,261 

79 

1,048 

1,381 

207 

2,912 

654 

IS-i 

104 

749 

67 

642 

753 

1,017 

1,002 

2,182 

114 

1,276 

43 

3,3't6 

683 

19,416 

772 

1,231 

1,3-12 

274 

66 

2,945 

365 

666 

62 

246 

813 

259 

2,974 

1,415 

1,920 

1,067 

2,941 

4,421 

1,084 

366 

117 

116 

71 

1,464 

49 

1,864 

101 

1,298 

984 

2,111 

867 

75 

40 

688 

560 

1,325 

43 

1,719 


Place. 


Cold  Water c. 

Cold  Water tp. 

Coldwater p.v. 

Cold  Water tp. 

Cold  Water p.v. 

Coldwell* tp. 

Cole tp. 

Cole tp. 

Colebrook tp. 

Colebrook p.h. 

Colobrook tp. 

Colebrook p.T. 

Colebrook P-tp. 

Colebrook tp. 

Colebrookdale' p.tp, 

Colebrook  RiTer....p.b. 

Cole  Cump p.T. 

Cole  Hill. tp. 

Colebour p.T. 

Coleman.- p.T. 

Coleman tp. 

ColemnnsviUe h. 

Colemanvilie p.h. 

Colerain p.tp. 

Colerain tp. 

Colerain p.T, 

Colerain p.tp. 

Colerain tp. 

Colerain tp. 

Colerain tp. 

Colerain p.tp. 

Coles V. 

Colesburg p.v. 

Colesburg v. 

Cole'sMill h. 

Colosville p.h. 

Colesville p.h. 

Colesvillo tp. 

Coleta p.v. 

Colevllle V. 

Coleville v. 

Colfax p.v. 

Colfax tp. 

Colfax p.h. 

Colfax p.v. 

Colfax tp. 

Colfax tp. 

Colfax tp. 

Colfax - tp. 

Colfax p.v. 

Colfax tp. 

Colfax tp. 

Colfax tp. 

Colfax tp. 

Colfax tp. 

Colfux tp. 

Colfax tp. 

Colfax< tp. 

Colfax tp. 

Colfax  ^ p.tp. 

Colfax p.tp, 

Colfax tp. 

Colfax tp. 

Colfax tp. 

Colfax tp. 

Colfax h. 

Colfax.- p.T. 

Colfax tp. 

Colfax p.h. 

College tp. 

College tp. 

College tp. 

College  City p.T. 

College  Corner v. 

College  Comer p.v. 

College  Hill.... 
College  Mound 
College  Point.- 
College  Spring, 

Collegevillo p.h. 

Collegeville p.tp. 

CoUey p.tp. 

Collier tp. 

Collier tp. 

Collier v. 

Colliersville p.v. 

Collins* tp. 

Collins p.h. 

Collins tp. 

Collins p.tp. 


,.p.v. 
..p.v. 
..p.v. 
.p.v. 


County. 

8Ut«. 

1870. 

1880. 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Miss 

4,381 
151 

4  681 

377 

Tate 

897 

Cass ..„ 

Mo 

Ohio, ... 

Ark 

Ark 

Mo 

Conn  ... 
Conn ... 
N.U.... 
N.U.... 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Conn ... 
Mo 

439 
4.Vi 

627 

805 

1,141 

"'l,372 

800 

3.32 
1,660 

088 

237 

White 

310 

1  100 

1  dOO 

Litchfield 

1  148 

LitcbflelU 

81 

Coos 

1  680 

Coos 

6:t6 

930 

Clinton 

4:)l 

Berks 

1 150 

Litchfield- 

170 

227 

Chesterfield 

Cook 

S.C 

Ill 

710 

987 
1,098 

Midland 

Mich.... 

111 

Edgefield 

S.C 

Ky 

Pa 

2,243 

77 

2,461 

87 

100 

Mass..- 

N.C 

N.  C 

1,742 
1,968 

1,777 

Bertie 

2  518 

94 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

1,308 
3,089 
1,635 
1,204 
1,655 

1,408 

3,722 

1,946 

Bedford 

1  022 

1  06:1 

Schuylkill 

260 

293 

Hardin 

Ky 

N.  J 

125 

167 

142 

Montgomery 

Md 

45 

\.  J 

90 

N.  Y 

Ill 

3,400 

3,208 

Whiteside 

163 

Pa 

26C 

Pa 

98C 

Cal 

691 

Ill 

Ill 

633 

1,07a 

105 

Clinton.- 

Ind 

lud 

187 

638 

l,ir 

d'JH 

Dallas 

Iowa. ... 
Iowa.... 



682 
278 

819 

1,03(1 

620 

Iowa. ... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Kan , ... 
Kan 

1,031 

38C 

Webster 

307 

Cloud 

601 

Wilson 

7:M 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn-. 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

71 
91 

140 
77 

172 

584 

796 

131 

418 

C61 

181! 

Wexford 

3711 

30.1 

1,161 

De  Kalb 

l,45fl 

1,198 

N.  C 

Pa 

904 

1.537 

7(1 

Whitman 

Wash... 
Wis.-.- 
Wis.-.., 
Iowa.... 
Ohio — 
Pa- 

233 

"'l,468 
926 

444 

466 

66 

1,284 

895 

1,417 

Cal..-.- 
lud 



237 

220 

Butler  and  Preble 

Ohio 

Ohio 

829 
^4C 

Mo 

N.  Y 

183 
3,652 

122 

4,192 

6?A 

San  Joaquin- 

Cal 

63 

Minn  .- 

Pa 

Pa 

336 

318 

373 

1,697 

S.C 

2,(M 

W.  Va.„ 
Tenn.... 

Ark 

Ind 

274 

463 

VM 

Shelby 

75? 

gs-i 

Whitley  

bC 

Iowa.... 
Minn  ... 

611 
191 

95( 

McLeod 

40^ 

I  In  1871.  part  *o  BuraL 
Bince  1870.  area  reduced. 
274 


*  In  1870,  including  Boyertown. 

*  In  1873,  part  to  Martinez. 


*  Since  1870, area  mnch  reduced. 


«  In  1871,  part  of  Bartholomew 
attached. 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


County. 


Collins tp. 

Collins Ptp. 

Collins P.v. 

Collins tp. 

Collins tp. 

Collins tp. 

Colling  Centre p.v. 

CoUinsTille p.v. 

Collinsville p.v. 

Collinsvillo tp. 

Collinsville p.v. 

Collinsville v. 

Collinsville p.v. 

CoUinwood p.tp. 

CoUomsville p.v. 

Colly  > tp. 

Colnia V. 

Colmar p.li. 

Colo p.v. 

Cologne p.v. 

Coloma tp. 

Colonia p.v. 

Coloma tp. 

Coloma p.v. 

Coloma p.v. 

Coloma p.v. 

Coloma p.tp. 

Coloma  Station p.li. 

Colon tp. 

Colon p.v. 

Colona p.tp. 

Colony tp. 

Colony tp. 

Colony p.U. 

Colony tp. 

Colony p.Ii. 

Colorado tp. 

Colorado tp. 

Colorado v. 

Colorado  Black Ii. 

Colorado  City p.v. 

Colon\do  Spriug8...p.v. 

Colquitt p.v. 

Colter  Hill v. 

Colton tp. 

Colton p.v. 

Colton p.li. 

Colt's  Neck.. p.v. 

Coltsville- V. 

Columbia p.v. 

Columbia h. 

Columbia tp. 

Columbia p.b. 

Columbia p.tp. 

Columbia p.v. 

Columbia p.v. 

Columbia  2 tp. 

Columbia tp. 

Columbia p.h. 

Columbia tp. 

Columbia tp. 

Columbia tp. 

Columbia tp. 

Columbia c. 

Columbia p.v. 

Columbia tp. 

Columbia tp. 

Columbia tp. 

Columbia p.v. 

Columbia p.v. 

Columbia p.tp. 

ColnmbiaS tp. 

Columbia* tp. 

Columbia tp. 

Columbia Ii. 

Columbia tp. 

Columbia p.v. 

Columbia p.tp. 

Columbia tp. 

Columbia p.v. 

Columbia tp. 

Columbia tp. 

Columbia v. 

Columbia tp. 

Columbia p.v. 

Columbia tp. 

Columbia v. 

Columbia tp. 


St.  Clair Mo 


State. 


Erie 

Huron 

Colleton 

Edgefield 

Georgetown.... 

Erie 

De  Kalb 

Hartford , 

Madison 

Madison 

Morris 

Butler 

Meeker 

Lycoming 

Bladen 

San  Mateo 

McDonough.... 

Story 

Carver 

El  Dorado 

El  Dorado 

Whiteside 

Parke 

Berrien 

Carroll 

Waushara 

Waushara , 

St.  Joseph , 

St.  Joseph 

Henry 

Adams 

Delaware , 

Anderson 

Knox 

Knox 

San  Diego 

Lincoln , 

Schuylkill 

Pettis 

El  Paso 

El  Paso. 

Miller , 

Washington... 
St.  Lawrence., 
St.  Lawrence. 

Henry 

Monmouth .... 

Berkshire 

Henry 

Chicot 

Randolph 

Tuolumne...-. 

Tolland 

Brown 

Monroe 

Dubois 

Fayette 

Fayette  „ 

Gibson 

Jennings 

Martin 

Whitley 

Whitley 

Marion 

Tama 

Wapello 

Ellsworth 

Adair 

Caldwell 

Washington... 

Jackson 

Tuscola 

Van  Buren.... 
Van  Buren.... 

Boone 

Boone 

Coos 

Herkimer 

Herkimer 

Pender 

Randolph 

Randolph  -  ... 

Tyrrel , 

Tyrrel , 

Hamilton 

Licking 

Lorain 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


N.Y.., 

Ohio... 
S.  C... 
S.C..., 
S.C..., 
N.  Y.. 
Ala... 
Conn 

111 

Hi 

N.  J.. 
Ohio.. 
Minn 

Pa 

N.  C. 

Cal 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Minn... 

Cal 

Cal 

Ill 

Ind 

Mich.... 

Mo 

Wis 

Wis 

Mich  ... 
Mich.... 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Kan., 

Mo ... 

Mo ... 

Cal .., 

Kan. 

Pa...., 

Mo..., 

Col.. 

Col .., 

Ga 

B.I.. 
N.Y. 
N.Y. 
Ohio. 
N.J. 
Mass 
Ala.. 
Ark.. 
Ark.. 
Cal.. 
Conn 
Dakota. 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.., 
Iowa .. 
Iowa.., 
Kan„., 

Ky 

La 

Me , 

Mich... 
Mich.., 
Mich.., 
Mich.., 

Mo , 

Mo  .... 
N.  H.., 
N.  Y..., 
N.  Y... 
N.  C... 
N.  C... 
N.  C... 

N.  a.... 

N.  C..., 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Ohio-. 


2,100 


7:« 
1,440 


3,002 


1,220 


1,504 


l,22:j 

190 

1,400 


1,719 
633 


1,125 
891 


1,246 

1,622 

929 


2,238 
1,272 
831 
2,934 
1,663 


718 
2,101 


606 
235 
668 

1,002 
424 

1,269 


6,560 

2,236 

752 

1,637 


1,254 


1,206 
3,184 


8G3 

2,371 

200 

1,431 

],IG6 

1,633 

345 

160 

1,376 

4,577 

2,887 

129 

115 

899 

171 

805 

188 

38 

290 

60 

874 

231 

1,496 

44 

269 

81 

443 

74 

1,618 

422 

1,226 

644 

1,202 

114 

945 

64 

681 

604 

144 

80 

347 

4,226 

119 

215 

1,974 

606 

113 

123 

164 

290 

69 

1,312 

650 

757 

1.S3 

1,308 

855 

803 

66 

2.104 

1,471 

1,032 

3,583 

2,244 

111 

818 

2,044 

1,017 

649 

219 

642 

1,605 

1,194 

1,510 

37 

6,917 

3,326 

762 

1,616 

99 

1,559 

1.495 

167 

1,302 

166 

6,306 

189 

90G 


Place. 


County. 


'  In  1878,  parts  to  Cjpress  Creek 

and  Lake  Creek. 
« In  1874,  part  to  Marion. 


Columbia tp. 

Columbia h. 

Columbia^ tp. 

Columbia c. 

Columbia c 

Columbia tp. 

Columbia c. 

Columbia p.v, 

Columbia p.v, 

Columbia  Falls p.tp. 

Columbia  Farm p.h. 

Columbiana p.v. 

Columbiana p.v. 

Columbiaville p.v. 

Columbiaville v. 

Columbus p.v. 

Columbus c. 

Columbus tp. 

Columbus p.v. 

Columbus. h. 

Columbus tp. 

Columbus p.v. 

Columbus p.v. 

Columbus p.v. 

Columbus. p.tp. 

Columbus tp. 

Columbus c. 

Columbus tp. 

Columbus p.v. 

Columbus p.v. 

Columbus. p.v. 

Columbus. p.v. 

Columbus tp. 

Columbus p.v. 

Columbus. tp. 

Columbus p.v, 

Columbus  * c. 

Columbus tp. 

Columbus p.v. 

Columbus p.v. 

Columbus  7 tp. 

Columbus p.v. 

Columbus  City tp. 

Columbus  City p.v. 

Columbus  Grove  ...p.v. 

Col  umbus  Junction  .p.v 

Colusa tp. 

Colusa p.v. 

Colville tp. 

Comanche v. 

Comanche tp. 

Comanche p.v. 

Comfort p.v. 

Comings tp. 

Commerce tp. 

Commerce p.v. 

Commerce tp. 

Commerce p.v. 

Commerce p.h. 

Commercial tp. 

Commercial li. 

Commercial  Point.p.h. 

Commons v. 

Commonwealth p.h. 

Como V. 

Como p.v. 

Como p.v. 

Como  Depot p.v. 

Company  Shops  ....p.v. 

Compctine p.tp. 

Compromise p.tp, 

Compton p.v. 

Conipton -.tp. 

Comstock -...tp. 

Comstock p.v. 

Conception....- p.v. 

Conception  Station.h. 

Concord p.v. 

Concord p.v. 

Concord p.v. 

Concord tp. 

Concord tp. 

Concord tp. 

Concord v. 

Concord tp. 

Concord p.v. 

Concord p.tp. 

Concord tp. 


Meigs 

Williams 

Bradford 

Lancaster 

Richland 

Richland 

Maury 

Brazoria 

Fluvanna 

Washington 

Venango 

Shelby 

Columbiana , 

Lapeer , 

Columbia , 

Hempstead 

Muscogee— 

Adams 

Adams 

Pope 

Bartholomew.... 
Bartholomew.... 

Cherokee 

Hickman 

St.  Clair 

Anoka 

Lowndes 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Platte 

Esmeralda 

Burlington 

Chenango 

Chenango 

Polk 

Polk 

Franklin 

Warren 

Warren 

Colorado 

Columbia 

Columbia 

Louisa 

Louisa 

Putnam 

Louisa 

Colusa 

Colusa 

Benton 

Calaveras- 

Barton 

Comanche 

Kendall 

Alcona 

Oakland 

Oakland 

Scott 

Scott 

Wilson 

Cumberland 

Adams 

Pickaway 

Chowan 

Marinette- 

Park 

Whiteside , 

Henry 

Panola 

Alamance -, 

Wapello , 

Champaign  —..., 

Lee , 

Otter  Tail 

Kalamazoo 

Kalamazoo , 

Nodaway 

Nodaway 

Contra  Costa ... 

Sussex 

Gadsden 

Adams , 

Bureau 

Iroquois 

Iroquois 

Morgan 

Morgan.......... 

De  Kalb 

Elkhart 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Ohio-.. 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

S.  C 

S.  c 

Tonn..., 

Tex 

Va , 

Me 

Pa 

Ala 

Ohio 

Mich..., 

N.  Y 

Ark 

Ga 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind , 

Kan  „.., 

Ky 

Mich..., 
Minn.. 

Miss 

Mo 

Mo 

Neb 

Nev 

N.  J  -.. 
N.  Y-.. 
N.  Y„.. 

N.  C 

N.  C„.. 
Ohio-.. 

Pa 

Pa 

Tex 

Wis 

Wis , 

Iowa.... 

Iowa, 

Ohio. 

Iowa.... 

Cal ... 

Cal  ... 

Ark... 

Cal ... 

Kan- 

Tex... 

Tex... 

Blich., 

Mich. 

Mich. 

Mo ..., 

Mo ..., 

Tenn. 

N.  J- 

Ohio.. 

Ohio- 

N.  C-, 

Wis.- 

Col ... 

Ill 

Tenn. 
Miss- 
N.  C- 
lowa. 

Ill 

HI 

Minn 
Mich.... 
Mich..., 
Mo ..... 

Mo 

Cal 

Del 

Fla 

HI 

Ill 

Ill 

HI 

111 

111 

Ind 

Ind 


1,286 

'i',52i 

6,461 

9,298 

832 

2,550 

426 

311 

608 


7,401 
975 


6,187 

3,369 

402 

1,574 

1,218 

71 

4,812 

1,394 

168 

626 


1,197 


31,274 

1,267 

466 


2,840 

1, 

2,344 


678 

850 

2,193 

1,051 


1,392 


1,207 


1,033 
707 


2,018 


1,140 

2,309 

878 


1,472 
4,726 


1,118 

102 

1,301 

8,312 

10,036 

3,047 

3,400 

739 

2:^9 

636 

102 

496 

1,223 

326 

234 

171 

10,123 

1,077 

235 

84 

6,692 

4,813 

1,164 

1,338 

1,327 

92 

3,955 

1,307 

100 

2,131 

96 

647 

1,177 

124 

833 

71 

61,647 

1,242 

421 

1,959 

805 

1,876 

2,868 

005 

1,.392 

793 

2,043 

1,779 

1,520 

lUl 

443 

704 

177 

467 

1,26.1 

164 

1,611 

440 

63 

2,265 

85 

169 

182 

84 

134 

166 

84 

149 

817 

900 

1,414 

300 

628 

1,891 

149 

156 

81 

399 

148 

183 

1,089 

2,636 

1,202 

299 

1,147 

149 

1,6:50 

8,111 


»  In  1873,  part  of  Brooklyn  an- 
nexed. 


4  In  1879,  part  of  Geneva  an- 
nexed. 


» In  1870,  InclndinR  Sylvani*. 
•  In  1873,  part  to  Marion. 
I  In  1870,  Including  Oolumboa 
YlUaee. 

275 


POPDLATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PIm*. 


Oonoord ~..tp. 

OoBconli - p.tp. 

Ooncord tp. 


Ooiiconl , 
Conoonl. 
Conconl*>.c 
Cunconl .... 
Ooncurtl .... 
Couconl ..... 
Cunconl .... 
Oonconl .... 
Concord . 
Concord. 
Concord  . 


.tp, 

tp. 

tp. 

P.v- 

Ptp- 

I'tp. 

tp. 

pv. 

tp. 

tp. 

..p.T. 


Concord  *„ tp, 

Concord tp. 

Concord c. 

Concord tp. 

Concord tp. 

Concord p.T. 

Concord tp. 

Concord tp. 

Concord tp. 

Concord ..........v. 

Concord tp. 

Concord tp. 

Concord tp. 

Concord p.tp. 

Concord tp. 

Concord tp. 

Concord tp. 

Concord tp. 

Concord tp. 

Concord p.  v. 

Concord tp. 

Ooncord tp. 

Concord p.  v. 

Ooncord p.tp, 

Ooncord tp. 

Concord  Depot p.v. 

Concordia.... p.T. 

Concordia v. 

Concordia p.T. 

Concordia p.v. 

Concordvlllo p.T. 

Concow tp. 

Condo  nsTillo t. 

Condit.» tp. 

Conejos p.v. 

Conemaugh ...p.b. 

Conemaugli  * tp. 

Conemaugh tp. 

Conemaugh tp. 

Cones  toga tp. 

Cones  toga p.v. 

Conesus 

Conosus  Centre 

Conegville 

Couosvillo 

Conewago tp. 

Conewago tp. 

Conewago tp. 

Conowungo p.tp. 

Conewango~ tp. 

Coney  Island iisl. 

Confluenco p.T. 

Oougaroe- tp. 

Congress.. tp. 

Congress. tp. 

Congress.. p.T. 

Conklin tp. 

ConklingTillo p.v. 

Conlogue  „ p.h. 

Couueaut tp. 

Conneaut.. p.T. 

Conneaut tp. 

Conneaut tp. 

Conneautvtilo p.b. 

CounellBville tp. 

ConiiellsvtUe p.b. 

Connersville c 

Counersville tp. 

Connersville p.v. 

Connor's  Patch v. 

Cono  _ tp. 

Cono _ tp. 

Conocanary tp. 

Conoquenessing p.tp. 

Couovor p.T, 

Couover p.T, 


.p.tp. 
..p.v. 
,.p.v. 

.p.tp. 


County. 


Dubuqne 

Hiincook 

IIardin.» 

Louisa 

Woodbury.... 

Ottawa 

Lewis 

Somerset 

MlddU«ex 

Jackson 

Jackson , 

Wexford 

Dodge 

Dodge 

Clinton 

Washington.. 
Merrimac>... 

£rie 

CiibaiTus 

Cabarrus 

Iredell 

Randolph  „.., 
Cliampaign... 

Cliirk 

Delaware 

Fayette 

Highland 

Lake 

Miami 

lioss 

Butler 

Delaware  .„... 

Krie 

Franklin 

Clarendon 

Sumter 

Knox 

Kssex 

Jefferson 

Campbell 

Cloud 

Meade 

Bolivar 

Lafayette 

Delaware 

Butte 

Baltimore  ..., 
Champaign .. 

Conejos , 

Cambria 

Cambria 

Indiana 

Somerset 

Lancaster 

Lancaster...., 
Livingston .., 
Livingston  .., 
Muscatine..., 
Schoharie..., 

Adams 

Dauphin , 

York 

Cattaraugus., 

Warren , 

Kings 

Somerset 

Lexington..., 

Morrow 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Broome 

Saratoga , 

Edgar 

Ashtabula 

Ashtabula 

Crawford 

Erie , 

Crawford 

Fayette , 

Fayette 

Fayette.- 

Fayette , 

Harrison 

Schuylkill..., 
Buchanan..... 

Iowa 

Halifax 

Butler 

Winneshiek., 
Catawba. 


State. 


I'opulation. 


1870.      1880, 


Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Kan„. 

Ky 

Me 

Mass... 
Mich.. 
Mich.. 
Mich.. 
Minn . 
Minn  . 
JIo.  ..., 

Mo 

N.  H .. 
N.  Y-. 
N.  0.-. 
N.  0... 
N.  C_. 
N.  C... 
Olilo... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio..., 
Ohio..., 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

S.O.... 

s.o 

Tenn  . 

Vt 

Wis.... 

Va 

Kan... 

Ky 

Miss... 

Mo 

Pa 

Cal 

Md 

Ill 

Col 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  Y... 
N.  Y... 
Iowa.. 
N.  Y... 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

N.  Y... 

Pa. 

N.  Y... 

Pa 

S.  C... 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
N.  Y... 
N.  Y... 

Ill 

Ohio... 
Ohio... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Ind.... 
Ind.... 

Ky 

Pa 

Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
N.  C... 

Pa 

Iowa.. 
N.  C... 


1,100 
140 


8»2 


228 

432 

2,412 

I.4GA 


792 


2,491 

1,:H3 

12,241 

3,171 

1,259 

878 

869 

1,028 

1,038 


1,092 

981 

1,262 

797 

4,701 

2,772 

926 

1,293 

1,436 


800 
1,519 


1,276 
1,627 


755 


2,3;}6 
728 
1,493 
1,172 
2,079 


1,302 
231 


1,314 

1,029 
831 
1,382 
1,281 
1,212 


1,095 
1,:J47 
2,581 
.309 
1,440 


3,010 
1,163 
1,729 
1,.'538 
1,000 
1,163 
1,292 
2,496 
1,211 


679 
235 


1,051 


1.100 

7iH 

347 

747 

340 

613 

178 

406 

»,922 

1,583 

540 

171 

1,040 

144 

2,867 

1,120 

13,843 

8,400 

1,761 

1,264 

1,235 

1,296 

1,157 

118 

1,473 

908 

1,235 

722 

6,354 

2,801 

1,512 

1,311 

1,171 

106 

904 

2,148 

246 

1,612 

1,457 

ICl 

1,853 

138 

164 

391 

116 

630 

71 

822 

339 

3,498 

437 

1,346 

1,379 

2,350 

505 

1,397 

190 

244 

1,127 

1,2U 

895 

1,495 

1,299 

1,478 

1,1S4 

430 

1,547 

1,262 

2,851 

301 

1,420 

326 

60 

2,947 

1,256 

1,601 

1,646 

941 

1,300 

3.609 

3,228 

1,432 

116 

362 

697 

252 

1,377 

1,190 

168 

150 


Place. 


Conover p.v. 

Couowingo p.h. 

Conoy tp. 

Conquest tp. 

Conquest p.T. 

Coni-ad  Hill tp. 

Conslioliocken p.b. 

Oonstalilo tp. 

Oonstableville p.v. 

Constance p.T. 

Constantia tp. 

Constuntia p.T. 

Constantine tp. 

Constaiitine p.v. 

Contention p.v. 

Contcntnea tp. 

Contentuou  Neck*..tp. 

Continental v. 

Contoocook  Village.p.T 

Couvig tp. 

Convoy p.v. 

Conway p.T. 

Conway p.v. 

Conwuy tp. 

Conway p.tp. 

Conway tp. 

Conway p.tp. 

Coiiw.'iyborough....tp. 
Oonwuyborough....p.v. 

Conway  Centre v. 

Conyers p.T. 

Conyersville p.h. 

Conyngham tp. 

Coayughttm p.v. 

Cook tp. 

Cook tp. 

Cook tp. 

Cookeville h. 

Cookport p.v. 

OookHburg p.h. 

Cooksburg p.h. 

Cookstown p.h. 

Cooksvilie p.h. 

Cooksvi  lie h. 

Cookville p.v. 

Ooolbaugh tp. 

Cooley  ville p.h. 

Cool  Spring tp. 

Cool  Spring p.tp. 

Cool  Spring tp. 

Coolville p.v. 

CoonO tp. 

Coon tp. 

Coon  Rapids p.h. 

Coon  Valley tp. 

Cooper _ tp. 

Cooi>er tp. 

Cooper tp. 

Cooper tp. 

Cooper p.tp. 

Cooper p.tp. 

Cooper tp. 

Cooper. tp. 

Cooper tp. 

Cooper tp. 

Cooper p.v. 

Cooperdale p.v. 

Coopersburg p.v. 

Cooper's  Gap.. tp. 

Coopers  town ptp. 

Coopers  town p.v. 

Cooperstown p.b. 

Cooperstown p.tp. 

Coopersville p.v. 

Cooporsville p.v. 

Cooporville T. 

Coosa p.h. 

Coosada  Station  ....p.h. 
Coo8awhatchio7....p.tp. 
Coo6awhatchie......tp. 

Copake tp. 

Cojrake p.v. 

Copake  Iron  Works.p.v. 

Cope p.h. 

Copenhagen p.v. 

Coplay p.b. 

Copley tp. 

Copley tp. 

Copley. p.T. 

Copper  Harbor. p.tp. 


County. 


Miami 

Cecil 

liancaster. 

Cayuga.. 

Cayuga 

Davidson 

Montgomery.. 

Franklin 

Lewis 

Boone 

Oswego 

Oswego 

St.  Joseph 

St.  Joseph...... 

Cochise 

Pitt 

Lenoir 

Northumberland. 

Mcrrimac 

Calhoun 

Van  Wert 

Faulkner 

Taylor 

Sumner 

Franklin 

Livingston 

Carroll 

Horry 

Horry 

Carroll 

Rockdale 

Henry 

Columbia 

Luzerne 

Sac 

Cumberland.... 
Westmoreland, 

Orange 

Indiana 

Alliany 

Forest 

Burlington 

Howai3 

Warren 

Putnam. 

Monroe 

Franklin 

La  Porte 

Iredell 

Mercer 

Athens 

Buena  Vista... 

Vernon , 

Carroll 

Sac 

Sangamon 

Monona 

Webster 

Stafford 

Washington.... 

Kalamazoo 

Gentry 

Nash 

Montour 

Edgefield 

Delta 

Cambria 

Lehigh , 

Polk , 

Brown 

Otsego 

Venango 

Manitowoc 

Ottawa 

Clinton 

Westmoreland., 

Floyd 

Elmore.. 

Beaufort 

Hampton 

Columbia 

Columbia 

Columbia 

Morgan , 

Lewis 

Lehigh 

Knox 

Summit 

Summit 

Keweenaw 


State. 


Ohio 

Md 

Pa 

N.  Y... 
N.  Y... 

N.  0 

Pa 

N.  Y... 
N.  Y... 

Ky 

N.  Y.... 
N.  Y... 
Mich... 
Mich.... 
Arizona 
N.  C. 
N.  0... 

Pa 

N.  H.. 
Mich 
Ohio. 
Ark.. 
Iowa, 
Kan. 
Mass. 
Mich, 
N.  H 
S.  C, 

s.c... 

N.H. 
Ga...., 
Tenn, 
Pa...., 

Pa 

Iowa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Vt 

Pa 

N.  Y., 

Pa 

N.  J.. 

Md ... 

N.J.., 

Tenn.... 

Pa.,.. 

Mass 

Ind.. 

N.  0. 

Pa.... 

Ohio. 

Iowa. ... 

Wis 

Iowa.... 
Iowa. ... 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Kan.... 

Me 

Mich.... 

Mo 

N.  C 

Pa 

S.C 

Tex 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  C 

Ill 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Wis 

Mich .... 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Ga 

Ala 

S.C 

S.C 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ind 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Ill 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Mich.... 


tin  1878,   parU   to   EH    and 
German. 

276 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 
»  In  1871.  part  to  Clinton. 


*  In  1876,  part  to  Stony  Creek. 
t  In  1877,  part  to  Vance. 


•  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 

I  In  1878,  part  to  Hampton  County  ] 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   EETURNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Copperopolis p.v. 

Coquille p.v. 

Corn P  •>. 

Conil p.tp, 

Coral p.v. 

Coritlles V. 

Coralville p.v. 

Conun p.v. 

Corbettsville p.v. 

Corcoran p.tp, 

Coriiaville p.v. 

Cordova tp. 

Cordova p.  v. 

Cordova p.li. 

Cordova tp. 

Cordova p.v. 

Corey p.h. 

Corfu p.v. 

CoriDua  tp. 

Corinna p.v. 

Corlnna p.tp. 

Cortune p.v. 

Corinth p.v. 

Corinth p.h. 

Corinth tp. 

Corinth p.tp. 

Corinth p.tp. 

Corinth p.v. 

Corinth tp. 

Corinth p.v. 

Corinth p.tp. 

Coric v. 

Cormorant tp. 

Cornelia p.h. 

Cornelius p.v. 

Cornell p.v. 

Cornersville p.h. 

Cornersville p.v. 

Cornet  taville p.h. 

Corn  Hill p.v. 

Cornie tp. 

Cornie tp. 

Corning p.v. 

Corning p.v. 

Corning p.h. 

Corning tp. 

Corning p.v. 

Corning tp. 

Corning p.v. 

Corning p.v. 

Corning tp. 

Cornisli tp. 

Cornish p.v. 

Coruisli p.tp. 

Cornish tp. 

Cornish  Flat p.v. 

Cornland p.h. 

Cornpliintor tp. 

Cornplanter p.v. 

Cornville p.tp. 

Cornwall p.tp. 

Cornwall p.tp. 

Cornwall ' p.tp. 

Cornwall p.tp. 

Cornwall p.tp, 

Cornwall  Bridge  ...p.h. 

Cornwallis p.h. 

Corona p.v. 

Corothers h. 

Corpus  Christi p.v. 

Correctlonville p.h. 

Corry p.v. 

Corry c. 

Corsica p.b. 

Corsicana p.v. 

Corsicana p.v. 

Cortland p.v. 

Cortla.nd p.v. 

Cortlandt tp. 

Cortlandville tp. 

Corunna.„ p.v. 

Coninna p.v. 

Corvallig. p.v. 

Corwin  * tp. 

Corwin» v. 

Corwine tp. 

Corwith tp. 

Cory.> _ p.v. 

Cory V. 

Corydon p.v. 

Cory  don tp. 


County. 


Calaveras.^... 

Coos 

Sullivan 

McHenry 

Montcalm 

IScrnalillo 

Johnson 

Suffolk 

Broomo 

Hennepin 

Worcester 

Kock  Island.. 
Rock  Island. 

Talbot 

Lo  Sueur 

Le  Sueur 

Cass 

Genesee 

Penobscot 

Penobscot-... 

Wright , 

Box  Elder 

Heard , 

Williamson.... 

Humboldt 

Osborne , 

Penobscot 

Alcorn , 

Saratoga 

Saratoga 

Orange 

Warren 

Becker 

.Tohnson 

Washington.., 
Livingston .... 

Lincoln 

Marshall 

Daviess 

Williamson..., 

Columbia 

Union 

Clay 

Adams 

Nemaha 

Rooks 

Holt 

Steuben 

Stoiiben 

Porry 

Lincoln 

York 

York 

Sibley 

Sullivan 

Sullivan 

Logan 

Venango 

Warren 

Somerset 

Litchfield 

Henry 

Orange 

Lebanon 

Addison 

Litchfield 

Ritchie 

Queens 

Scnpca 

Nnoces 

Woodbury 

Dade 

Erie 

Jefferson 

Barry 

Navarro 

Cortland 

Trumbull , 

Westchester.., 

Cortland 

De  Kalb 

Shiawassee.... 

Benton 

Ida 

Warren 

Lognn 

Otsego 

Clay 

Hancock 

Harrison 

Wayne 


State. 


Cal 

Oregon, 

Mo 

Ill 

Mich.... 
N.  Me.\, 
Iowa.... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Minn... 
Mass.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Md 

Minn ... 
Minn  ... 
Mich.... 

N.  Y 

Mo 

Me 

Minn... 
Utah.... 

Ga 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Me 

Miss 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Vt 

Ill 

Minn ... 

Mo 

Oregon. 

Ill 

Ark 

Tenn  ... 

Ind 

Te.x 

Ark 

Ark 

Ark 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Mo 

N.Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Wis 

Mo 

Me 

Minn ... 

N.  H 

N.  II 

Ill 

Pa 

Pa 

Me 

Conn.... 

Ill 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Vt 

Conn.... 
W.  Va.. 

N.Y 

Ohio 

Tex 

Iowa.... 

Mo 

Pa 

Pa 

Mo 

Tex 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

N.Y 

N.  Y-... 

Ind 

Mich.... 
Oregon. 
Iowa.... 

Ohio 

Ill 

Mich.... 

Ind 

Ohio 

Ind 

Iowa.... 


Population. 


1,345 
*""a87 


014 
"935 


1,513 


220 
783 


1,462 
1,512 
1,500 


1,470 


413 

752 


6,502 
4,018 


1,100 


1,3;14 


9,863 


959 
1,77-2 

9,52 
5.989 
2,008 

969 


2,140 


6,800 
372 


80 

3,006 

446 

11,694 

6,082 

242 

1,408 


165 

1.35 

1,069 


747 
1,277 


148 
176 
78 

1,279 
690 
664 
347 
158 
239 

1,174 
245 
863 
447 
43 
786 
140 
44 
353 

1,503 
333 
386 
277 
105 
39 
322 
681 

1,333 

2,275 

1,737 
510 

1,627 
144 
234 
37 
106 
437 
61 
290 
63 
108 
685 

1,110 
393 

1,526 
63 
381 
221 

7,402 

4,802 
270 
112 

1,169 
637 
274 

1,156 
120 
100 

3,238 
130 
932 

1,583 
887 

3,833 

2,522 

1,070 
99 
33 
750 
91 

3,257 
86 
186 

6,277 
391 
105 

3,373 

4,050 

616 

12,664 

7,114 
276 

1,.501 

1,128 

1,148 
188 

1,024 
206 
150 
199 
763 

1,518 


Place. 


Corydon p.v. 

Corydon p.v. 

Corydon tp. 

Corydon tp. 

Corydon p.v. 

Cos  Cob V. 

Coshocton p.v. 

Cosmos p.tp, 

Cosumne p.tp. 

Cosumnes tp. 

Cote  sans  Besoin...tp. 

Cotile p.h. 

Cottage  City p.tp. 

Cottage  Grove tp. 

Cottage  Grove p.tp. 

Cottage  Grove p.v. 

Cottage  Grove p.tp. 

Cottagevillo p.v. 

Cottle  villo p.v. 

Cotton tp. 

Cotton  Gin p.v. 

Cotton  Gin  Port  ....p.v. 

Cotton  Grove tp. 

Cotton  Hill V. 

Cotton  Hill p.tp. 

Cotton  Hill tp. 

Cotton  Plant tp. 

Cotton  Plant p.h. 

Cotton  Valley p.h. 

Cotton  ville p.h. 

Cottonwood tp. 

Cottonwood tp. 

Cottonwood tp. 

Cottonwood tp. 

Cottonwood tp. 

Cottonwood p.v. 

Cottonwood tp. 

Cottonwood p.h. 

Cottonwood  Falls...p.v. 
Cottonwood  Point..p.h. 

Cottrellvllle tp. 

Coudersport p.b. 

Coultersville p.v. 

Coulterrille p.v. 

Council tp. 

Council  Bluffs c. 

Council  Grove tp. 

Council  Grove p.v. 

Council  Hill p.tp. 

Coupville p.h. 

Courtais tp. 

Courthouse tp. 

Courtland p.v. 

Courtland..: tp. 

Courtland tp. 

Courtland tp. 

Courtland tp. 

Courtland p.v. 

Courtland tp. 

Courtland  Station..p.v. 

Courtney p.v. 

Coushatta  Chute...p.v. 

Cousin's  Island isl. 

Cove tp. 

Cove  Creek tp. 

Cove  Creek -tp. 

Covell p.h. 

Covelo p.v. 

Coventry p.tp. 

Coventry tp. 

Coventry p.v. 

Coventry tp. 

Coventry p.tp. 

Coventry tp. 

Coventry -p.v. 

Coventry  Centre  ...p.v. 

Coventry  ville- v. 

Covert tp. 

Covert p.v. 

Covert p.tp 

Coveville p.h. 

Covington p.v. 

Covington p.v. 

Covington c. 

Covington p.v. 

Covington p.v. 

Covington tp. 

Covington p.h. 

Covington p.v. 

Covington tp. 

Covington  ' tp. 


County. 


Wayne 

Henderson 

McKean 

Warren 

Warren 

Fairfield 

Coshocton 

Meeker 

Sacramento 

Kl  Dorado 

Callaway 

Rapides 

Dukes 

Allen 

Washington 

Henry 

Dane 

Jackson 

St.  Charles 

Switzerland 

Freestone 

Monroe 

Davidson 

Clay 

Sangamon 

Dunklin 

Woodruff 

Woodnifif 

Macon 

Jackson 

Siskiyou 

Temalia 

Yolo , 

Cumberland 

Chase , 

Chase 

Brown 

Mercer 

Cbase 

Pemiscot 

St.  Clair. , 

Potter 

Randolph 

Mariposa 

Leo 

Pottawattamie. 

Morris , 

Morris 

Jo  Daviess 

Island 

Crawford 

Camden 

LawTence 

De  Kalb 

Republic 

Kent 

Nicollet 

Panola 

Columbia. 

De  Kalb 

Grimes 

Red  River 

Cumberland 

Polk 

Washington 

Watauga 

McLean 

Mendocino 

Tolland 

Chenango 

Chenango 

Summit 

Kent 

Orleans 

Orleans 

Kent 

Chester 

Van  Buren 

Van  Buren 

Seneca 

Saratoga 

Newton 

Fountain 

Kenton 

St.  THmmany-., 

Dakota 

Wyoming 

AVyoming 

Miami 

Clearfield „ 

Lackawanna ..., 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


Iowa..., 

Ky 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa , 

Conn..., 

Ohio 

Minn  .., 

Cal 

Cal 

Mo 

La 

Mass .... 

Kan 

Miuu ... 
Tenn.... 

Wis 

W.  Va ., 

Mo 

Ind 

Tex 

Miss 

N.  C 

Ga 

Ill 

Mo 

Ark 

Ark 

Ala 

Iowa.... 

Cal 

Cal 

Cal 

Ill 

Kan 

Kan 

Minn  ... 

Mo 

Kan 

Mo 

Mich.... 

Pa 

HI 

Cal 

Ark 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Ill 

Wash... 

Mo 

N.  C 

Ala 

Ill 

Kan 

Mich.... 
Minn  ... 

Miss 

Wis 

Ill 

Tex 

La 

Me 

Ark 

Ark 

N.  C 

Ill 

Cal 

Conn  ... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y-... 

Ohio 

B.  I 

Vt 

Vt 

R.  I 

Pa. 

Mich.... 
Mich... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ga. 

Ind 

Ky 

La 

Neb 

N.  Y 

N.  Y-... 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa 


618 
247 
169 
411 


1,754 


694 
542 
869 


794 
705 


1,700 


868 
143 
754 


1,007 


421 

240 

1,319 

1,342 

315 


607 


2,372 
471 


10,020 

1,080 

712 

725 


960 
1,759 


1,293 


1,338 
640 


1,449 


456 
614 

887 


2,057 
1,490 


1,817 

4,349 

914 


2,238 


1,121 

1,888 

24,506 

685 

194 

1,189 


1,010 

701 

1,182 


801 
644 
164 
335 
243 
243 

3,044 
113 
642 
579 

1,630 
36 
672 
999 
783 
172 

1,159 
123 
225 

1,609 
109 
106 

1,092 
76 

1,161 

1,095 

1,586 
98 
25 
37 
289 
576 

1,866 

1,493 

1,139 

324 

713 

67 

518 

96 

2,904 
677 
690 
224 
878 
18,0C;J 

1,632 

1,042 
695 
90 

1,505 

1,987 
580 

1,413 
661 

l,:«o 
854 
221 

1,321 
963 
186 
488 
126 

1,296 
671 

1,211 
45 
183 

2,04:1 

1,317 
151 

2,305 

4,619 
911 
200 
223 
110 

1,136 
223 

2,166 
63 

1,415 

1,920 

29,720 

667 

234 

1,176 
78 

1,4.=»8 
7-,i!) 
88P 


1  In  1872,  part  to  Highland. 


I  In  1876,  area  much  reduced.         »  la  1875,  part  to  ClUton. 


2T7 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PUo*. 


OoTtngton tp. 

OuringtoD P'b. 

Covington _ !>■▼. 

Corington p.v. 

Oorodo  - p.U. 

Oowao.. pv. 

Oowan.- tp. 

Cowan.. p.T. 

Ck>wiiniliHnnock....tp. 
Cowniiivllle.  ........p.b. 

Cow  Castle tp. 

Oowdea p.v. 

Oowee »..tp. 

Cowpens— >.....p.T. 

Ooxsackle tp. 

Ooznckie ......p.T. 

Cox's  Cret'k tp. 

Cox's  Station p.v. 

CoyleviUe ......p.h. 

Coyote T. 

Ci>yto»TlUo._ T. 

Coyville .p.T. 

Cuzaddale p.T. 

Crab  Croek- p.tp. 

Crab  Orchard p.T. 

Crab  Orchard p.T. 

Crab  Orchard tp. 

Crab  Orchard p.T. 

Crab  Tree p.tp. 

Crab  Tree tp. 

Crafton p.T. 

Craft  Prairie t. 

Cmftabury tp. 

Craflsbury p.h. 

Craig ~.tp. 

Craig p.h. 

Craig ~..p.tp. 

Craig ~..p.v. 

Craigsrille p.T. 

CraigsviUo p.T. 

Crainville t. 

Cramer's  HilU p.T. 

Cmn  berry „ tp. 

Cranberry tp. 

Cranberry tp. 

Cranl>erry t. 

Cranberry p.tp. 

Cranberry  Isles tp. 

Cranbury p.tp. 

Crane  > tp. 

Crane  Creek tp. 

Crane  Creek „.tp. 

Cranes  vi  lie p.T. 

Cranford p.tp. 

Cranston.- .....tp. 

Crater tp. 

Crawford.. p.T. 

Crawford tp. 

Crawford tp. 

Crawford p.T. 

Crawford tp. 

Crawford tp. 

Crawford ...tp. 

Crawford .^...tp. 

Crawford p.tp. 

Crawford p.T. 

Crawford tp. 

Crawford  „ tp. 

Crawford .«....tp. 

Crawford tp. 

Crawford tp. 

Crawford ....tp. 

Crawford ^...p.h. 

Crawford tp. 

Crawford's  Quarry  .p.T. 

Crawfonlsville p.T. 

Crawforlsville p.h. 

Ciawfonisville c. 

Crawfordsville p.T. 

Crawfordsville p.T. 

Crawfordville p.T. 

Crawley's  Fulls _...h. 

Creagorsfown p.T. 

Croara  RiJ^e ....p.tp. 

Cre<lit  Hirer tp. 

Creek tp. 

Creckside p.h. 

CreeUborough p.h. 

Creigliton. p.h. 

Crescent.......^ tp. 


County. 


Tioga. .M. 

Tioga. , 

Tipton 

Alleghany.... 

Indiana. 

Delaware 

Wayne 

Franklin 

Armstrong ... 
Armstrong... 
Orangeburg. 

Shelby 

Macon 

Spartanburg. 

Qreene 

Greene 

Clayton , 

Charles , 

Dntler 

Mora.. 

Bt>rgen , 

Wilson 

Warren , 

Henderson  ..., 
Williamson... 

Lincoln 

Mecklenburg. 

Lee 

Haywood 

Yancey 

Wise , 

Bastrop 

Orleans 

Orleans.... 

Van  Buren.... 

Perry , 

Switzerland.. 

Holt 

Armstrong.... 

Augusta 

Williamson... 

Camden 

Alleghany 

Crawford 

Butler 

Luxerne 

Venango 

Hancock 

Middlesex 

Paulding 

Mason 

Barry 

Montgomery., 

Union 

Providence..., 

Calhoun 

Russell.. ., 

U'asliington.. 

Yell 

Oglethorpe .... 

Madison 

Wasliington... 

Cherokee 

Crawford 

Washington... 

Lowndes 

Buchanan..... 

O^age. 

Orange 

Currituck 

Coshocton..... 

Wj-andot 

Wyandot 

Clinton 

Presqne  Isle., 

Taliaferro 

Crawford 

Montgomery.. 
Washington... 

Linn 

Wakulla , 

Rockiugliam.. 

Frederick , 

Livingston ... 

Scott „,.. 

De  Witt. 

Indiana 

Unssell.. 

Knox 

Del  Norte.... 


Population. 

sut«. 

1870. 

1880. 

Pa 

81t 

1,134 

Pa. 

315 

843 

Tenn.... 

447 

799 

Va 

436 
8S 
139 
764 

Pa 

lud 

Mo 

492 

Tenn ... 

222 

Pa 

2,246 

2,611 

Pa. 

77 
1,149 

S.  C 

720 

Ill 

3.10 
1,()«6 

N.0._... 

760 

8.0 

112 
4,009 

N.  Y 

3,829 

N.  Y 

1,061 
1,042 

Iowa.... 

989 

Md 

62 
67 

Pa 

75 

N.  Mex 

654 
424 
168 
143 
876 

N.  J 

Kan 

Ohio  ... 

NO 

607 

HI 

114 

5:J8 

Ky 

eai 

N.  C 

l,52i 

2,223 

Va 

725 
846 

N.C 

1,048 

N.C 

483 

746 

Tex 



99 

Tex 

257 
1,381 

Vt 

1,330 

Vt 

152 
612 

Ark 

282 

Ill 

46 
1,980 

Ind 

1,843 

Mo 

641 

Pa 

106 
117 
204 
65 

Va 

Ill„ 

N.  J..... 



N.  0 

458 

602 

Ohio 

1,281 

1,824 

Pa 

945 

983 

Pa 

428 
2,434 

Pa 

2,:«7 

Me 

350 

343 

N.  J 

1,599 
1,202 

Ohio 

1,086 

Ill 

1,068 

804 

Mo 

627 

848 

N.  Y 



76 

N.  J 

1,184 
6,940 

K.I 

4,822 

Ill 

664 

675 

Ala 

124 
672 
231 

Ark 

Ark . 

211 

Ga 

312 
951 

Iowa.... 

739 

Iowa.... 

1,317 

1,261 

Kan.... 

693 

893 

Kan  .... 

1,535 

2,799 

Me 

209 

206 

Miss 

304 
1,462 

Mo 

1,516 

Mo 

2,438 

2,862 

N.  Y... 

2,024 

1,951 

N.C 

1,867 

2,.3.iO 

Ohio 

1,245 

1,431 

Ohio.... 

1,860 

2,213 

Ohio 

61 
463 

Pa 

400 

Mich.... 

.......... 

83 

Ga 

611 

30 

6.251 

Ill  

Ind 

3,701 

Iowa. ... 

249 

265 

Oregon. 
Fla 

68 

84 
93 

N.  n.... 

^„. 

Md ...... 

140 
1,208 

Mo 

956 

Minn ... 

448 

383 

Ill 

1,022 

1,211 

Pa....... 

60 
60 

Ky 

.......••. 

Neb. 

10 

Cal 

977 

1,281 

Place. 


Crescent tp. 

Crescent  * tp. 

Crescent p.T. 

Crescent tp. 

Crescent  City p.T. 

Cresco p.T. 

Creeco tp. 

Cresekill p.T. 

Cresaona p.b. 

Crestline p.T. 

Creston p.T. 

Creston p.T. 

Creswell* tp. 

Creswell p.T, 

Crete tp. 

Crete p.T. 

Crete p.T. 

Cridorsville p.v. 

Criglersville p.h. 

Crisfleld p.v. 

Crisman p.h. 

Crittenden tp. 

Crittenden p.v. 

Crittenden p.h. 

Croatun tp. 

Crocker tp. 

Crockery tp. 

Crockett tp. 

Crockett p.T. 

Crockett's  Biufr....p.h. 

Crofton p.T. 

Crofton p.h. 

Croghan tp. 

Croghan p.T. 

Cromors tp. 

Cronipton v. 

Cromwell p.tp. 

Cromwell p.T. 

Cromwell p.T. 

Cromwell p.T. 

Cromwell* tp. 

Crook tp. 

Crook  City p.T. 

Crooked  Creek tp. 

Crooked  Creek tp. 

Crooked  Creek tp. 

Crooked  Creek tp. 

Crooked  Creek tp. 

Crooked  Creek tp. 

Crooked  River tp. 

Crookston tp. 

Crookston p.T. 

Cropsey  * tp. 

Cropwell.. p.T. 

Crosby.. tp. 

Cross p.tp. 

Cross  Anchor. tp. 

Cross  Anchor p.h. 

Cross  Creek tp. 

Cross  Creek tp. 

Cross  Creek tp. 

Cross  Creek  Viliage.p.T. 

Cross  Hill tp. 

Cross  Hill p.T. 

Cross  Keys ,.v. 

Cross  Keys p.T. 

Cross  Keys p.tp. 

Cross  Plains p.T. 

Cross  Plains p.h. 

Cross  Plains p.T. 

Cross  Plains tp. 

Cross  Plains p.h. 

Cross  Roads tp. 

Cross  Roads tp. 

Cross  Timl)er9 tp. 

Cross  Timbers p.h. 

Cross  Village  •. tp. 

Cross  Village p.h. 

Crossville p.v. 

Crossville p.v. 

Crosswicks p.v. 

Croswell p.T. 

Crothersville p.v. 

Croton.. tp. 

Croton.. p.v. 

Croton p.v. 

Croton  Falls p.h. 

Croton  Landing p.v. 

Crowder'sMount'n.p.tp. 
Crow  Lake.. p.tp. 


Coanty. 


Iroquois 

I'ottawattaniie.... 

Saratoga 

Allegliany 

Pottawattamie... 

Howard 

Kossuth 

Bergen 

Schuylkill 

Crawford 

Ogle 

Union 

Cowley 

Washington 

Will 

Will 

Saline 

Auglaize 

Madison , 

Somerset 

Porter 

Champaign 

r.rant , 

Erie 

Dare 

Polk 

Ottawa 

Arkansas 

Houston. 

Arkansas 

Christian 

Kalkaska.. 

Lewis 

Lewis 

Newberry. 

Kent 

Middlesex 

Noble 

Union 

Ohio 

Huntingdon 

Drew 

Lawrence- 

Boone 

Cumberland. 

Jasper 

Houston 

Bollinger 

McDowell 

Ray 

Polk 

Polk 

McLean 

St.  Clair 

Hamilton 

Buffalo 

Spartanburg 

Spartanburg 

Cumberland 

Jefferson 

Washington 

Washington 

Laurens 

L'turons 

Baltimore 

Gloucester 

Union 

Calhoun 

Ripley 

Robertson. 

Dane 

Dane 

Martin 

Wilson 

Hickory 

Hickory 

Knimett 

Emmett 

White 

Cumberland 

Burlington 

Sanilac 

Jackson 

Newaygo 

Newaygo 

Delaware.- 

Westchester 

Westchester 

Gaston 

Stearns 


Stete. 


Ill 

Iowa.... 
N.  Y — 

Pa 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

N.J 

Pa 

Ohio 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

N.C 

Ill 

Ill 

Neb 

Ohio 

Va 

Md 

Ind 

Ill 

Ky 

N.  Y 

N.C 

Iowa.... 
Mich.... 

Ark 

Tex 

Ark 

Ky 

Mich.... 
N.  Y.... 

N.  Y 

S.  C 

R.  I 

Conn.... 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Ky 

Pa 

Ark..... 

Dak 

Ark 

HI 

HI 

Minn ... 

Mo 

N.C 

Mo 

Minn ... 
Minn  ... 

Ill 

Ala 

Ohio 

Wis 

S.C 

S.  C 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa 

S.  C 

S.C 

Md 

N.J 

S.  C 

Ala 

Ind 

Tenn.... 

Wis 

Wis 

N.C 

N.  C 

Mo 

Mo 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Ill 

Tenn.... 

N.J 

Mich.... 

Ind 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.C 

Minu ... 


'  In  1870,  Including  Antwerp. 
<  In  1873.  area  reduced. 

278 


•  since  1870,  area  much  reduced. 

*  In  1870,  including  Orbisonla. 


»  Since  1870,  part  to  Anchor.  •  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  KETURNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


..p.v. 
...p.h. 
...p.v. 
...p.v. 
..p.v. 


Crow»>City .p.v. 

Crowt.  Point p.v. 

Crown  Point p.tp. 

Crow  River tp. 

Crowville li. 

Croydon p.tp. 

Croydon p.li. 

Croylo tp. 

Crozerville v. 

Crn^er. tp. 

Crnger. p.v. 

Cninipton p.v. 

Crystal tp. 

Crystal' tp. 

Crystal p.tp. 

Crystal tp. 

Crj'stil p.tp 

Crystal tp. 

Crystal p.v. 

Crystal tp. 

Crystal  City p.v. 

Crystal  Lake p.v. 

Crystal  Lake* tp. 

Crystal  Lake tp. 

Crystal  Lake tp. 

Crystal  Ridge v. 

Crystal  River p.h. 

Crystal  Spring p.h. 

Crystal  Springs p.v. 

CrysUil  Valley p.v. 

Cuba p.v. 

Culia tp. 

Cuba .....tp. 

Cuba p.v. 

Cuba tp. 

Cuba p.v. 

Cuba 

Cuba  City 

Cul)a  Station. 

Cubero 

Cuclianis 

Cuero p.v, 

Cuivro tp. 

Ciiivre tp. 

Cnivre tp. 

Ciilbertson p.v. 

Culdrum p.tp, 

Cullen tp. 

Culleoka p.v. 

Cullman p.v. 

Culloden p.v. 

CuUowlico p.tp. 

Culpeper p.v, 

Culver p.tp. 

Culverton p.li 

Cumberland p.v, 

Cumberland p.tp. 

Cumberland c. 

Cumberland..... p.h, 

Cumlierland v. 

Cumberland p.v. 

Cumberland tp. 

Cumberland tp. 

Cumberland tp. 

Cumbei'iand tp. 

Cumberlaud p.v. 

Cumberland  City....p.h. 
Cumberland  Hill... .p.v. 
Cumberland  Mills  .p.v. 
CumberlandValley  p.tp. 

Cumbola p.v. 

Cumming p.v. 

Cumming tp. 

Cummings tp. 

Cnmniingsville p.h. 

Cummingsville v. 

Cnmmingtou p.tp. 

Cuniru.... p.tp. 

Cunningham  *. tp. 

Cunningham p.v. 

Cunningham's tp. 

Curdsville p.v. 

Curllsville p.v. 

Currau tp. 

Curran p.v. 

Ctirreut tp. 

Current tp. 

Current  River tp. 

Curi-ent  River* tp. 

Cunlu p.h. 


County. 


Gallia 

Lake -. 

Kssex 

Stearns 

Warrick 

Sullivan 

Morgan 

Cambria 

Delaware- 

Woodford 

Woodford 

Queen  Anne.. 
Montgomery  . 

Hancock 

Tama 

Phillips 

Aroostook , 

Montcalm , 

Montcalm , 

Oceana 

Jefferson 

McHenry 

Benzie 

Hennepin , 

Marquette.... 

Lu7.erne , 

Waupaca 

Yatos 

Copiah , 

Oceana 

Fulton 

Lake 

Becker 

Crawford , 

Alleghany.... 
Alleghany.... 

Clinton , 

Grant , 

Sumter 

Valencia 

Huerfano 

De  Witt 

Audrain , 

Pike 

St.  Charles ... 

Hitchcock 

Morrison 

Pulaski 

Maury 

Cullman 

Monroe 

Jackson 

Culpeper 

Ottawa 

Hancock 

Marion 

Cumberland.. 
Alleghany.... 

Sumner. 

Cumberland.. 

Guernsey 

Adams 

Greene 

Providence... 

Barron 

Barron 

Clinton 

Providence... 
Cumberland.. 

Bedford 

Schuylkill.... 

Forsyth 

Ogemaw 

Lycoming 

Atchison 

Livingston  ... 
Hampshire... 

Berks 

Chariton 

Chariton 

Person 

Daviess 

Clarion 

Sangamon.... 
Sangamon.... 

Dent 

Texas 

Randolph  „... 

Ripley  

Murray 


Ohio 

lud 

N.  Y 

Minn  ... 

Ind 

N.  H.... 
Utah.... 
Pa 


Ill 

Ill 

Md 

Ark 

Iowa .... 
Iowa.... 
Kan  „... 

Me 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Mo 

Ill 

Mich.... 
Minn... 
Wis.-... 

Pa. 

Wis 

N.  Y 

Miss 

Mich.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Minu ... 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Wis 

Ala 

N.  Mex. 

Col 

Tex 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Neb 

Minn  ... 

Mo 

Tenn  ... 

Ala 

Ga 

N.  0 

Va 

Kan 

Ga 

Ind 

Me 

Md 

Miss 

N.  J 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa 

R.  I.-... 

Wis 

Wis 

Ky 

K.  I 

Mo 

Pa 

Pa 

Ga. 

Mich.... 

Pa. 

Kan 

N.  Y„... 
Mass.... 

Pa 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  C 

Ky 

Pa. 

Ill 

Ill 

Mo 

Mo 

Ark 

Mo 

Minn... 


Population. 


2,449 


68 
642 


250 
746 


685 
718 
650 


668 
970 


2,397 


1,480 
3,271 
3,174 


276 
1,626 
8,056 


319 
1,455 
1,768 
3,882 


1,367 


1,037 

2,.'>73 

761 


1,119 


208 
1,000 


1,378 
960 


248 

1,708 

4,287 

137 

41 

608 

152 

893 

228 

648 

98 

312 

179 

99 

747 

674 

275 

1,295 

179 

661 

460 

646 

912 

1,019 

644 

142 

42 

150 

915 

129 

6.56 

981 

369 

374 

2,203 

l,'.i51 

167 

48 

232 

253 

350 

1,333 

3,309 

3,643 

3,820 

108 

223 

1,252 

199 

426 

381 

713 

1,613 

1,111 

123 

299 

1,619 

10,693 

90 

212 

519 

1,612 

1,868 

6,445 

642 

246 

94 

2.53 

916 

1,270 

305 

260 

122 

319 

60 

126 

881 

3,064 

1,270 

177 

1,331 

197 

145 

1,065 

101 

460 

2:U 

699 

299 

78 


Currituck tp. 

Curry tp. 

Currysvllle v. 

Curryville p.v. 

Curtin tp. 

Curtisville p.v. 

Curtisville p.v. 

Curtisville v. 

Curwinsville p.b. 

Cushlng p.tp. 

Cusseta p.v. 

Cussewago tp. 

Cusfar p.v. 

Custer p.v. 

Custer p.v. 

Custer tp. 

Custer tp. 

Custer tp. 

Custer tp. 

Custer tp. 

Custer tp. 

Cutchogue p.v. 

Cuthbcrt p.v. 

Cutler p.v. 

Cutler tp. 

Cutler p.tp. 

Cutler  Station p.h. 

Cut-off. tp. 

Cuttingsville p.v. 

Cuyahoga  Falls p.v. 

Cuyler tp. 

Cuyler p.h. 

Cuylervllle p.v. 

Cylon p.tp. 

Cynthlana p.v. 

Cynthiana v. 

Cy  nthiana p.v. 

Cynthiana p.h. 

Cynthiana tp. 

Cypress tp. 

Cypress tp. 

Cypress*. tp. 

Cypress tp. 

Cypress  Creek tp. 

Cypress  Creek tp. 

Cypress  Creek tp. 

Cypress  Ridge tp. 

Cyr tp. 

Dacusville p.tp, 

Dadeville p.v. 

Dadeville p.v. 

Dagsborough hnd. 

Dagsbo  rough p.h. 

Dablgren p.h. 

Dahlgren p.tp. 

Dahlunega p.v. 

Dablonega tp. 

Dahlonega p.v. 

Dakota tp. 

Dakota p.v. 

Diikota" tp. 

Dakota p.v. 

Dakota p.h. 

Dakota p.v. 

Dakota p.tp. 

Pale tp. 

Dale p.v. 

Dale tp. 

Dale p.tp. 

Dale tp. 

Dale p.tp. 

Dale  City p.v. 

Daleville p.v. 

Dallas p.v. 

Dallas p.v. 

Dallas tp. 

Dallas tp. 

Dallas tp. 

Dallas tp. 

Dallas p.v. 

Dallas tp. 

Dallas pin. 

Dallas tp. 

Dallas tp. 

Dallas tp. 

Dallas tp. 

Dallas tp. 

Dallas tp. 

Dallas p.v. 

Dallas tp. 


Connty. 


Hyde , 

Sullivan , 

Sullivan 

Pike 

Centre 

Tipton 

Berkshire 

Plymouth 

Clearfield 

Knox , 

Chattahoochee. 

Crawford , 

Wood 

Custer 

Custer 

Will 

Mitchell , 

Antrim , 

Mason 

Sanilac 

Lyon 

Suffolk 

Randolph 

Carroll 

Franklin 

Washington 

Perry 

Miller 

Rutland 

Summit 

Cortland 

Cortland 

Livingston 

St.  Croix 

Posey 

Shelby 

Harrison 

Pike 

Shelby 

Faulkner 

Phillips 

Harrison 

Darlington 

Bladen 

Duplin 

Franklin 

Monroe 

Aroostook 

Pickens 

Tallapoosa 

Dade 

Sussex 

Sussex 

Hamilton 

Carver 

Lumpkin 

Wapello 

Wapello , 

Stephenson 

Stephenson 

Humboldt 

Humboldt 

Winona 

Dakota 

Waushara 

McLean 

Spencer 

Lyon 

Cottonwood 

Atchison 

Outagamie 

Gutlirie 

Delaware 

Polk 

Paulding 

Hancock 

Huntingdon.... 

Dallas 

Marion.. 

Marion 

Taylor 

Franklin 

Clinton , 

De  Kalb 

Harrison ..., 

St  Clair 

Webster 

Gaston 

Gaston , 

Crawford 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


N.  C-... 

1,682 

Ind 

2,171 

Ind 

Mo 

Pa 

469 

Ind 

Mass.... 

Pa. 

656 

Me 

704 

Ga. 

216 

Pa 

1,674 

Ohio 

Dakota. 

Idaho... 

Ill 

Kan 

Mich.... 

Mich.... 

Mich.... 

Minn ... 

N.  Y 

Ga 

2,210 

Ind...... 

Kan 

Me 

926 

Ill 

Ark 

Vt 

Ohio 

1,861 

N.  Y_... 

1,367 

N.  Y_... 

90 

N.  Y 

Wis 

348 

Ind 

Ind 

Ky 

1,771 

Ohio„... 

Ohio 

1,697 

Ark 

Ark 

Mo 

1,230 

S.  C 

1,598 

N.  C„... 

N.  C 

1,024 

N.  C„... 

1,087 

Ark 

Me 

376 

S.  C 

1,356 

Ala 

Mo 

Del 

2,599 

Del 

Ill 

Minn... 

1,303 

Ga 

471 

Iowa.... 

623 

Iowa.... 

HI 

952 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

676 

Iowa.... 

162 

Minn... 

Neb 

300 

Wis 

477 

Ill 

1,188 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Minn ... 

Mo 

Wis. 

991 

Iowa.... 

Ind 

Ark.„... 

Ga. 

Hi 

Ind 

1,48:1 

Iowa.... 

338 

Iowa.... 

1,0G6 

Iowa.... 

604 

Me 

159 

Mich.... 

1,360 

Mo 

807 

Mo 

651 

Mo 

Mo 

1,255 

N.  C 

4,006 

N.  C 

299 

Ohio 

370 

2,055 

2,270 
131 
273 
624 
123 
231 
148 
706 
805 
lC.fi 

1,697 
248 
271 
144 
611 
390 
356 
650 
262 
293 
825 

2,129 
114 
901 
829 
76 
677 
148 

2,294 

1,382 
131 
2.54 
710 
313 
171 

2,101 
149 

1,8:<5 

oa5 

898 
797 

1,413 
673 

1,2.34 

1,104 
822 
658 

1,719 
740 
243 

2,641 
68 
205 

1,220 
602 
636 
116 
886 
257 
248 
248 
81 
364 
637 

1,1 ;« 

318 

208 

227 

1,495 

1,123 

74 

297 

176 

169 

1,137 

1,433 

715 

1,093 

47 

1,023 

145 

1,731 

1,161 

1,011 

6:J5 

1,449 

2,747 

417 

600 


'  In  1878,  part  to  Bfngham. 
«  In  1873,  part  to  Lake. 


»  In  1874,  area  reduced. 

*  In  1871,  part  to  Doniphan. 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


*  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced. 

270 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


FUo*. 


Dkllns T. 

Dnllnt p.r. 

DiUtiit tp. 

Dnllaa « p.b. 

Dalloii c 

DhIIiis p.h. 

DmIIm p.tp. 

Dalliisbiirg li. 

Dalhis  Centre p.r. 

DalliM  Cit}- p.r. 

DalliwCIty- v. 

Dulliutown p.b. 

DhUos  (Tbo) p.r 

DhIIoii ....p.r, 

DHlton... — tp. 

I)»lton »..p.b 

Salton.^ ..M p.r. 

Dttltoii ..p.tp. 

Dnltun  - ....tp. 

Dalton.«...... ~p.h. 

Dalton.„.......M p.r. 

SulUiu p.tp. 

Dulton..... ....p.r. 

Bnlttin .....p.r. 

Daltoii  Citjr p.r. 

Dulzell p.h. 

Pumitriscutta.- tp. 

DaiiiiirUcotta p.r. 

D-.imariscotta  Mill8..p.r, 

Diinioscovillo.. p.r. 

Damascus h. 

Paniascus p.r. 

Damascus. tp. 

Damiutcus. p.tp, 

Damiansville p.h. 

Dana p.r. 

Dana. p.h. 

Dniia.. p.tp. 

Danburg p.h. 

Daubury p.tp. 

Danbury.. p.h. 

Danbury p.tp. 

Danbury p.r. 

Danbury p.tp. 

Danby._ ., p.tp. 

Danby... ^ tp. 

Danby p.r. 

Danby tp. 

Danby p.r. 

Dancyrilto... p.r. 

Dandridge...... p.r. 

Dane ..tp. 

Dane p.h. 

Dane  Prairie— tp. 

Danfortlu. —....tp. 

Danforth  _............p.r. 

Danfortb  ~ p.tp. 

Danforth ...r. 

DatigorfleId...........p.T. 

Daniel r. 

Danielson tp. 

DnniolsonriUe p.b. 

Daniolsvillo ....p.r. 

Dannebrog p.h. 

Dannomura tp. 

Dannemura.. p.r. 

Dan  River tp. 

Dansville p.r. 

Dansville p.r. 

Dansrille tp. 

Dansrille h. 

Danut>e p.tp. 

Panrers tp. 

Danrors p.r. 

Danvors p.tp. 

Danvors  Port.- p.r. 

Danville p.r. 

Imnvillo p.r. 

Danville ....c. 

Danville tp. 

Danville p.r. 

Danville ........tp. 

Danville p.r. 

Danville tp. 

Danville p.r. 

Danville p.tp. 

Danville tp. 

Danville ....p.r. 

Danville m p.tp, 

Danville ~..r. 

Danville p.r. 

Danville p.b. 

Danville .....p.r. 

280 


County. 


Darke 

Polk «......, 

Luzerne 

Luzerue , 

Dallas M».. 

MarHliuU 

Darron 

Warren 

Dallas 

Hancock 

Hendenou 

York 

Wasco 

Whitfield 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Hopkins .., 

Berkshire 

Muskegon 

Muskegon 

Chariton 

Coos „ 

Wayne 

Lackawanna... 

Moultrie , 

Washington.... 

Lincoln 

Lincoln 

Lincoln 

Columbiana-., 

Placer 

Montgomery... 

Henry 

Wayne 

Clinton 

Lsi  Salle 

Vermilion 

Worcester 

Wilkes , 

Fairfield 

Woodbury , 

Itlcrrimac ...... 

Stokes 

Ottawa 

Ionia 

Tompkins 

Tompkins 

Rutland 

Kutlaud 

Haywood 

Jefferson 

Dane.- 

Dane.- 

Otter  Tail 

Iroquois 

Iroquois 

Washington-.. 

Onondaga 

Morris 

Campbell.- 

Meeker.- 

Windham 

Madison 

Howard 

Clinton.- 

Clinton.- 

Caswell 

Ingham 

Livingston 

Steuben 

Meigs- 

Herkimer. 

McLean 

McLean 

Essex- 

Essex- 

Morgan-- 

Yell 

Vermilion- 

Vermilion 

Hendricks 

Dos  Moines...., 
Des  Moines..... 

Worth , 

Boyle 

Blue  Earth..... 
Montgomery .. 
Montgomery .. 
Rockingham .. 

Highland- 

Knox 

Montonr 

Houston 


State. 


Ohio 

Oregon 

Pii. 

Pa 

Tex 

W.  Va.. 

Wis 

Ohio 

Iowa..., 

Ill 

Ill 

Pa 

Oregon. 

Ga 

lud 

lud 

Ky 

Mass.... 
Mich.... 
.Mich..., 

Mo 

N.  H 

Ohio 

Pa 

Ill 

Ohio 

Me 

Me 

Me 

Ohio 

Cal 

Md 

Ohio-... 

Pa 

HI 

Ill 

Ind 


Ga 

Conn.... 
Iowa..., 
N.  H..., 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Vt 

Vt 

Tenn  ... 
Tenn  ... 

Wis 

Wis 

Miun ... 

Ill 

Hi 

Me 

N.  Y-... 

Tex 

Va 

Minn ... 
Conn.... 

Ga 

Neb 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.C 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

N.  Y 

Ill 

Ill 

Mass .... 
Mass.... 

Ala 

Ark.„... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

lowa..- 
lova.... 
Iowa..„ 

Ky 

Minn ... 

Mo 

Mo , 

N.  H..- 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Tenn..., 


Popnlation. 


1870.      1880. 


221 

'i>86 


287 
942 
l.SOU 
700 
73 


1,252 
401 


773 
412 


1,232 
M 


1,170 
2,823 


768 
'8,753 
""79c 


1,252 
1,17(5 
2,126 


1,043 
SO 


1,512 


1,910 

443 

3,387 

1,981 


1,324 

1,700 

350 

5,000 


4,751 
2,434 
1,040 
1,004 


2,542 

657 

2,254 


548 

157 

134 

8,43G 


642 

070 
879 
272 

10,368 
82 
6M 
49 
460 
714 
115 
482 

2,232 

2,516 
748 
69 
121 

2,052 
471 
76 
199 
670 
486 
172 
280 
42 

1,142 
722 
90 
107 
44 
112 

1,415 

2,871 

96 

150 

183 

736 

32 

11,060 

69 

760 

144 

1,599 

1,423 

2,065 
137 

1,202 
179 
203 
431 

1,101 
126 
437 

1,.'>82 
207 
612 
802 
395 
445 
421 

3,118 
128 
63 

2,962 
577 

2,127 
440 

3,625 

1,788 
35 

1,235 

1,765 
460 

6,698 
270 
117 
200 

7,733 

3,926 

1,598 

1,459 
271 
529 

3,074 
707 

2,055 
239 
613 
139 
2.'>4 

8,340 
77 


Place. 


Danville tp. 

Danville p.r. 

Danville p.r. 

Danville p.r. 

Dan  way p.h. 

Darby tp. 

Darby -..tp. 

parl.y tp. 

Darby tp. 

Darby p.h. 

Darby  ville p.r. 

Dardanelle p.r. 

Dardonne p.tp. 

Daricn p.tp, 

Darien p.r, 

Daricn  - tp. 

Darien  „ p.r. 

Daricn tp. 

Darien ]).r. 

Darien  Centre p.r. 

Dark  Corner tp. 

Dark  Corners r. 

Darlington p.r. 

Darlington tp. 

Darlington p.r. 

Darlington p.h. 

Darlington tp. 

Darlington p.r. 

Darlington tp. 

Darlington p.r. 

Darlington tp. 

Darlington p.r. 

Darmstadt p.h. 

Darmstadt r. 

Darnen tp. 

Darnestown p.r. 

Darrtown p.r. 

Dartford p.r. 

Dartmouth p.tp. 

Darwin tp. 

Darwin p.r. 

Darwin tp. 

Darwin p.h. 

Dassel tp. 

Dassel p.r. 

Dauphin.- p.b. 

Daupliino p.h. 

Davenport c. 

Davenport tp. 

Davenport p.tp, 

David  City p.r. 

Davidsbnrg r. 

David's  Island isl. 

Davidson p.tp. 

Davidson  ColIcge-.p.r. 

Davidson  River tp. 

DavidsviUo h. 

Davilla p.r. 

Davis p.r. 

Davis .....tp. 

Davis tp, 

Davis tp. 

Davis tp. 

Davis tp. 

Davisliorongh p.r. 

Davisburg ....p.r. 

DavLsCity p.r. 

Davison tp. 

Davison p.r. 

Davlsvillo p.r. 

DavisviUe p.h. 

Dawn p.r. 

Dawn p.r. 

Dawson p.r. 

Dawson p.r. 

Dawson tp. 

Dawson p.r. 

Dawson tp. 

Dawson ....p.h. 

Dawson p.r. 

Dawsonville p.r. 

Day tp. 

Day p.tp. 

Daysville p.r. 

Dayton p.v, 

Dayton- p.r. 

Dayton tp. 

Dayton r. 

Dayton tp. 

Dayton p.r. 

Dayton p.r. 

Dayton tp. 

Dayton tp. 


County. 


Caledonia 

Caledonia 

Plltjfylvanla.... 

Dodge 

La  Salle 

Madison 

Pickaway 

Union 

Delaware 

Delaware 

Pickaway- 

Yell 

St.  Charles 

Fairfield 

Mcintosh 

Genesee 

Genesee 

Walworth , 

Walworth 

Genesee 

Anderson , 

Columbia. 

Montgomery... 

Har\'ey 

Harford 

Gentry 

Beaver 

Beaver 

Lafayette— 

Lafayette 

Darlington 

Darlington 

St.  Clair 

Vandorburg-., 

Stevens 

Montgomery.., 

Butler 

Green  Lake.-., 

Bristol 

Clark 

Clark 

Meeker 

Meeker 

Meeker 

Meeker 

Dauphin 

Osage 

Scott 

Scott 

Delaware— 

Butler 

Blair 

Westchester..., 

Sullivan 

Mecklenbnrg.. 
Transylvauia- 

Indiaua 

Milam 

Stephenson 

Fountain 

Starke 

Qildwell 

Henry -.... 

Lafayette.- 

Washinston.... 

Oakland 

Decatur 

Genesee 

Genesee 

Yolo 

Washington-.. 

Livingston 

Darke 

Terrell 

Sangamon 

Greene 

llopUins 

Phelps 

No<laway 

Fayette- 

Dawson 

Montcalm....... 

Saratoga. 

Oglo 

Marengo 

Sebastian 

Butte 

Butte — ... 

La  Salle 

La  Salle 

Ti|>pecanoe 

Bremer 

Butler 


State. 


Vt 

Vt 

Va 

Wis.... 

Ill 

Ohio-. 
Ohio-. 
Ohio-. 

Pa 

Pa 

Ohio- 
Ark 

Mo 

Conn.. 

Ga 

N.  Y„. 
N.  Y... 

Wis 

Wis.-. 
N.  Y... 

S.  C 

Pa 

Ind 

Kan..., 

Md 

Mo 

Pa 

Pa 

Wis 

Wis 

S.C 

8.  C 

HI 

Ind 

3tinn .. 

Md 

Ohio.... 
Wis..... 
Mass... 

Ill 

Ill 

Minn  .. 
Minn.. 
Minn ., 
Minn., 

Pa 

Mo 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 
N.Y.... 
Neb.-.. 

Pa 

N.  Y.... 

Pa 

N.  C... 
N.  0.... 

Pa 

Tex 

HI 

Ind 

Ind-... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Ga 

Mich.- 
lowa... 
Mich... 
Mich... 

Cal 

R.  I 

Mo 

Ohio.... 

Ga 

HI 

Iowa... 

Ky 

Jlo 

Mo 

Pa. 

Ga 

Mich... 
N.  Y.... 

Ill 

Ala 

Ark 

Cal 

Cal 

HI 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


County. 


Daytoni tp. 

Diijton tp. 

Davton tp. 

DaytoQ tp. 

Dayton p.v. 

Dayton tp. 

Dayton tp. 

Dayton tp. 

Daytou..j- p.v. 

Dayton p.tp 

Dayton p.v. 

Dayton tp. 

Dayton tp. 

Dayton tp. 

Dayton p.v. 

Dayton p.tp, 

Dayton tp. 

Dayton p.v. 

Dayton tp. 

Dayton p.v. 

Dayton c. 

Dayton p.v. 

Dayton p.b. 

Dayton p.v. 

Dayton p.v. 

Dayton p.v. 

Dayton p.v. 

Dayton p.v. 

Dayton tp. 

Dayton tp. 

Daytona p.v. 

Dead  River p.tp. 

Deadwood p  v. 

Dean p.li. 

Dean tp. 

Deansville p.v. 

Deanville p.h. 

Dearborn tp. 

Dearborn p.v. 

Deasonville p.h. 

Deavertown p.v. 

Deblois p.tp, 

Decatur p.v. 

Decatur p.v. 

Decatur. c. 

Decatur tp. 

Decatur p.v. 

Decatur tp. 

Decatur tp. 

Decatur p.v. 

Decatur tp. 

Decatur p.v. 

Decatur p.v. 

Decatur p.v. 

Decatur p.tp. 

Decatur p.v. 

Decatur tp. 

Decatur tp. 

Decatur tp. 

Decatur p.tp. 

Decatur p.v. 

Decatur. p.v. 

Decatur' tp. 

Decaturville p.v. 

Dechei-d ....p.v. 

Decker tp. 

Decker tp. 

Decker's  Station. ..p.h. 

Deckertown p.v. 

Dockerville p.v. 

Decorali tp. 

Decorah p.v. 

Decoria tp. 

Dedham p.tp. 

Dedham' p.tp. 

Deedsville p.h. 

Deep  Creek tp. 

Deep  Creek tp. 

Deep  Creek tp. 

Deep  Creek p.v. 

Deep  River p.h. 

Deep  River p.tp. 

Deep  River tp. 

Deep  River p.v. 

Deep  River p.tp. 

Deep  Water tp. 

Deep  Water tp. 

Deer  Creek tp. 

Deer  Creek tp. 

Deer  Creek ph. 

Deer  Creek tp. 


Cedar 

Cliickasaw 

Iiiwa 

Webster 

Webster 

Wright 

Phillips 

Saline 

Campbell 

Yoik 

Herrien 

Newaygo 

Tuscola 

Hennepin 

Hennepin 

Cass 

Newton 

Lyon 

Cattaraugus... 
Cattaraugus... 
Montgomery . 

Yam  Hill 

Armstrong.... 

Rhea 

Liberty 

Rockingham  . 

Columbia 

Green 

llichland 

Waupaca 

Volusia 

Somerset 

Lawrence 

Appanoose .... 

Cambria 

Oneida 

Armstrong.... 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Yazoo 

Morgan 

Washington.., 

Morgan 

DeKalb 

Macon 

Macon , 

Adams 

Marion , 

Decatur , 

Decatur , 

Van  Buren... 
Van  Bnren... 

Newton 

Durt 

Otsego 

Brown 

Lawrence 

Washington.. 

Clearfield 

MifJlin 

Meigs 

Wise 

Green 

Decatur 

Franklin 

Richland 

Knox 

Knox 

Sussex 

Sanilac 

Winnesliiek . 
Winneshiek .. 
Blue  Earth... 

Hancock 

Norfolk , 

Miami 

Clinton 

Edgecombe... 

Yadkin 

Norfolk 

Lake , 

Poweshiek ... 

Bay 

Bay 

Guilford 

Bates 

Henry 

Tazewell 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Cass 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


Iowa. ... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Ky 

Me 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn... 
Minn  ... 

Mo 

Mo 

Nevada. 

N.Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Oregon. 

Pa 

Tenn 

Tex... 

Va.... 

Wash 

Wis... 

Wig... 

Wis... 

Fla.... 

Me... 

Dakota. 

Iowa.... 

Pa 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Miss 

Ohio 

Me 

Ala 

Ga 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa..., 
Iowa.... 
Mich..., 
Mich..., 
Miss — 

Neb 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio...., 
Ohio...., 

Pa 

Pa 

Tenn..., 

Tex 

Wis 

Tenn .., 
Tenn .., 

Ill , 

Ind 

Ind 

N.  J 

Slich..., 
Iowa.... 
Iowa..., 
Minn... 

Me , 

Mass..., 

Ind 

Iowa..., 
N.  C...., 

N.  C 

Va 

Ind , 

Iowa..., 
Mich..., 
Mich... 
N.  C... 

Mo 

Mo 

Ill , 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 


820 
543 
9,'59 
975 


1,749 
611 


771 
660 
951 


1,267 
'30,473 


2,302 
630 


160 

139 

671 

401 

7,161 

1,337 

858 

1,559 

1,046 


2,512 
1,420 


802 
204 
1,761 
1,437 
1,461 
1,171 
99 


2,459 

188 


1,613 

2,110 

262 

448 

7,342 


1,081 
1,706 
1,236 


1,071 


2,055 

763 

3,458 


1,271 


793 

765 

1,025 

1,268 

239 

149 

270 

459 

3,210 

692 

181 

1,588 

1,039 

1,197 

255 

843 

1,165 

391 

1,705 

367 

38,678 

368 

679 

200 

348 

258 

996 

113 

1,109 

801 

321 

113 

3,777 

15 

216 

200 

69 

2,094 

410 

50 

229 

105 

1,063 

039 

9,547 

1,375 

1,905 

1,647 

i,o;i8 

2:55 

2,248 

1,267 

47 

533 

779 

258 

2,04.3 

1,504 

2,443 

1,406 

175 

679 

1,920 

252 

1,008 

1,233 

933 

118 

370 

100 

1,o:j5 

2,951 

673 

406 

6,233 

112 

1,042 

1,862 

1,259 

273 

39 

1,106 

488 

135 

1.066 

1,096 

1,652 

857 

3,695 

127 

1,607 


Place. 


Deer  Creek tp. 

Deer  Creek tp. 

Doer  Creek tp. 

Deer  Creek tp. 

Deer  Creek tp. 

Deer  Creek tp. 

Deer  Creek tp. 

Deer  Creek tp. 

Deer*  Creek tp. 

Deer  Creek tp. 

Deer  Creek p.tp. 

Deer  Creek tp. 

Deer  Creek tp. 

Deerfleld tp. 

Deerfield p.tp. 

Deerfleld p.v. 

Deerfleld p.tp. 

Deerfleld p.tp. 

Deerfield tp. 

Deerfield tp. 

Deerfield p.tp. 

Deerfield tp. 

Deerfield tp. 

Deerfield p.tp. 

Deerfield p.tp. 

Deerfield tp. 

Deerfield p.h. 

Deerfield tp. 

Deerfield p.v. 

Deerfleld tp. 

Deerfleld p.v. 

Deerfield tp. 

Deerfleld tp. 

Deerfield p.v. 

Deerfield tp. 

Deerfield tp. 

Deerfleld r. 

Deerfleld tp. 

Deerfield  < tp. 

Deerfleld p.tp. 

Deerfleld tp. 

Deerfleld  Centre  ...p.h. 

Deer  Grove p.h. 

Deering tp. 

Deering p.tp. 

Deer  Isle p.tp, 

Deer  Lodge  City.... p.v. 

Deer  Park p.tp. 

Deer  Park p.v. 

Deer  Park tp. 

Deer  Park p.h. 

Deer  Ridge p.h. 

Deersville p.v. 

Defiance p.v. 

Defiance tp. 

Defiance p.v. 

Defreestville p.h. 

Degonia tp. 

De  Graff. p.v. 

De  Kalb tp. 

De  Kalb v. 

De  Kalb p.v. 

De  Kalb p.tp, 

De  Kalb p.h. 

De  Kalb tp. 

Dekorra tp. 

Dekorra p.h. 

Delafield tp. 

Delafield tp. 

Delafield p.v. 

Delana tp. 

Delanco ...p.v. 

De  Lancy p.v. 

Delano p.tp. 

Delano p.v. 

Delano .p.v, 

Delanti v. 

Delavan tp. 

Delavan p.v. 

Delavan tp. 

Delavan p.v, 

Delavan tp. 

Delavan p.v, 

Delaware tp. 

Delawars tp. 

Delaware p.tp. 

Delaware tp. 

Delaware p.v, 

Delaware tp. 

Delaware tp. 

Delaware tp. 


County. 


Miami 

Mills 

Webster 

Worth 

Allen 

Phillips 

Otter  Tail 

Bates 

Henry 

Madison 

Pickaway-.... 

Mercer 

Outagamie .... 

Fulton 

Lake 

Randolph 

Chickasaw .... 

Franklin 

Isabella 

Lapeer 

Lenawee 

Livingston.... 

Mecosta 

Steele , 

Vernon 

Rockingham  , 
Rockingham 
Cumberland.. 
Cumberland.. 

Oneida 

Oneida 

Morgan 

Portage 

Portage , 

Ross 

Warren 

Warren 

Tioga , 

Warren 

Dane 

Waushara 

Rockingham, 

AVhiteside 

Cumberland., 
Hillsborough 

Hancock , 

Deer  Lodge..., 

La  Salle 

Garrett 

Orange , 

St.  Croix 

Lewis 

Harrison 

Worth , 

Defiance , 

Defiance , 

Rensselaer... 

Jackson 

Logan  

De  Kalb 

De  Kalb 

Buchanan 

St.  Lawrence, 

Crawford 

Kershaw 

Columbia , 

Columbia 

Jackson 

Waukesha...., 
Waukesha..... 
Humboldt...., 
Burlington.... 

Delaware , 

Sedgwick , 

Wright , 

Schuylkill.... 
Chautauqua.., 

Tazewell , 

Tazewell , 

Faribault , 

Faribault 

Walworth 

Walworth 

Delaware , 

Hamilton  »..., 

Ripley 

Delaware 

Delaware , 

Polk 

Sac 

Jefferson , 


State. 


Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Minn... 

Bio 

Mo 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Wis 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Mass.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Bliuu... 

Mo 

N.  H.... 
N.  H.... 

N.  J 

N.  J 

N.  Y.... 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio„... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio_... 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Wis.-... 

Wis 

N.  H.... 

HI 

Me 

N.  II.... 

Me 

Mon 

Ill 

Md 

N.  Y_... 
Wis.-... 

Mo 

Ohio 

Mo 

Ohio 

Ohio 

N.  Y-... 

Ill 

Ohio 

Ill 

Ill 

Mo 

N.  T — 

Ohio 

S.  C 

Wis 

Wis.-... 
Minn... 

Wis 

Wis 

Iowa.... 

N.  J 

N.  Y 

Kan 

Minn ... 

Pa 

N.  Y 

Ill 

Ill 

Minn ... 
Mian ... 

Wis 

Wis 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Kan~... 


Population. 


1870.     1880. 


1,173 
'266 
'614 


1,057 


823 
1,458 
679 
134 
907 
1,525 


599 
3,632 


419 

1,234 

1,128 

664 

438 

506 

1,768 


1,518 


2,045 


981 
1,025 


1,223 

1,965 

274 

665 

2,324 

1,040 

234 


722 
3,414 

788 
894 


9,387 


3,615 
2,750 


470 

624 

2,164 


3,116 

70 
2,678 
1,397 


1,364 
"145 


245 
1,957 


550 


2,509 
1,688 
1,210 
1,434 
1,.559 
2,727 


865 


1,943 


1,222 

840 
4ai 
361 

95;l 

642 

302 

976 

1,121 

910 

1,636 

681 

663 

1,004 

2,418 

102 

1,055 

3,543 

621 

999 

1,580 

1.152 

1,093 

868 

1,061 

1,.569 

105 

1,643 

181 

2,082 

716 

1,035 

985 

150 

1,475 

2,011 

311 

908 

057 

972 

307 

98 

45 

4,324 

674 

3,266 

941 

850 

195 

11,420 

56 

47 

382 

30 

6,846 

6,907 

90 

588 

965 

2,465 

1,598 

2,i7 

3,027 

72 

7,868 

1,278 

52 

326 

1,451 

183 

490 

452 

112 

6;!0 

407 

434 

320 

2,044 

1,340 

612 

261 

2,660 

1,798 

1,351 

1,819 

1,52:J 

3,0.3:1 

219 

687 

310 

2,723 


*  Exclusive  of  Clarence. 
19 


*  Including  Brodhead  Tillage. 


«  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced.      *  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 

281 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  TIIE  DNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


VlaM. 


Ooantf. 


Delaware. „ tp. 

Delaware- r. 

Deiawara- tp. 

DcUwHre. p.h. 

Dflawiire™ tp. 

lU'lawara. tp. 

Delaware. tp, 

Delaware. tp. 

Delaware. tp. 

Delaware. tp. 

Delaware.. tp. 

Delaware tp. 

Delaware. c. 

Dt-laware^ tp. 

Delaware tp. 

Delaware. tp. 

Delaware. tp. 

Delaware tp. 

Delaware  City p.v. 

Delaware  WaterOap.p.v 

Delhi tp. 

Delhi p.T. 

Delhi tp. 

Delhi „ p.T. 

Delhi ^ tp. 

Delhi ..tp. 

DeHii tp. 

Delhi p.T, 

Delhi tp. 

Delhi p.T, 

Delhi  Mill p.h. 

Dellonu „..p.tp. 

Dell  Pi-airie tp. 

Dell  Rapids p.T. 

Dell  Koy _ p.T. 

Delmar  1 ..p.h. 

Delmar„ p.T. 

Delmar p.tp. 

Delmore p.tp. 

Del  Norte p.T. 

Delolt p.T. 

Delphi p.T. 

Delphi p.T. 

Delphog p.T. 

Delphos p.T. 

Delnin....„ tp. 

Del  Rio p.h. 

Dblta p.T. 

Delta p.T. 

Delta p.tp. 

Delta p.T. 

Delta p.T. 

Delta „ p.T. 

Delton- p.tp. 

Delton tp. 

Detton p.T. 

Dement. tp. 

Deming p.T. 

Democrat. tp. 

Demopolis p.T. 

Do  Mossrille p.T. 

Dempseytown p.T. 

Denison tp. 

Deiiigon tp. 

Denison p.T. 

Denison p.T. 

D'enmark tp. 

Denmark p.T. 

Denmark p.tp. 

Denmark p.tp, 

Denmark tp. 

Denmark t. 

Denmark p.tp. 

Denmark p.tp, 

D'enmark li. 

Denning._ p.tp, 

Dennis p.tp, 

Dennis  „ tp. 

Dennison p.T. 

Den  uison p.T. 

Denuison~ tp. 

Dennysville p.tp. 

Dent tp. 

Dent tp. 

Denton- p.T. 

Denton- tp. 

Dentoti- ,-..p.r. 

Denton p.T. 

D^nrer........ c. 

Deurer........ p.T. 

D«nver tp. 


LeaTenworth 

LeaTen  worth 

Wyandotte 

DaTioss 

Sanilac.- 

Grant 

Shannon 

Camden- 

Hunterdon 

Sullivan 

Defiance 

Delaware.- , 

Delaware— 

Hancock 

Juniata. 

Mercer- 

Northumberland 

Pike 

Now  Castle 

Monroe 

Delaware 

Delaware 

Osliorne 

Richland 

Ingham 

Ketlwood 

Delaware.- 

Delaware 

Hamilton 

Hamilton 

Washtenaw 

Sauk 

Adams 

Minnehaha 

Carroll 

Sussex 

Clinton. 

Tioga 

McPhcrson 

Rio  Grande 

Crawford 

Carroll 

Ononduga. 

Ottawa 

Van  Wert 

Burlington 

Kinney- 

Keokuk 

Madisou 

£aton 

Oneida 

Fulton 

York 

Cottonwood 

Sauk 

Sauk.- 

Ogle 

Hamilton 

Carroll 

Slarengo 

Pendleton 

Venango 

Lawrence- 

Crawford 

Crawford 

Grayson 

Lee 

Lee 

Oxford 

Tuscola 

Washington , 

Morris 

Lewis 

Ashtabula 

Morrow „ 

Ulster 

Barnstable , 

Cape  May , 

Clark , 

Tuscarawas 

Luzerne , 

Washington...... 

San  Joaquin 

Iron 

Caroline 

Roscommon 

Wayne 

Denton 

Arapahoe 

Hancock 

Richland.- 


Bute. 


Population. 


187a     1880. 


Kan.... 
Kan  „.. 
Kan-.. 

Ky 

Mich... 
Minn.. 

Mo 

N.J-... 
N.J-... 
N.  Y.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio..., 

Po 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Del 

Pa 

Iowa. ., 
Iowa... 
Kan.-. 

Lo. 

Mich.. 
Minn  . 
N.  Y„. 
N.  Y-. 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Mich.. 
Wis.-. 
Wis.... 
Dak..., 
Ohio- 
Del  .... 
Iowa.. 

Pa 

Kan.-. 

Col 

Iowa.. 
Ind.... 
N.  Y-. 
Kan-.. 
Ohio... 
N.J-.. 
Tex.„. 
Iowa. . 

La 

Mich.. 
N.Y-. 
Ohio... 

Pa 

Minn , 
Wis.... 
Wis.... 

HI 

lud.... 
Ind.... 
Ala.... 

Ky 

Pa 

HI 

Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Tex.„. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa. , 

Me 

Mich., 
Mlun , 
N.  J-., 
N.  Y.., 
Ohio-, 
Ohio.., 
N.  Y-, 
Mass., 
N.  J.... 

Ill 

Ohio... 
Pa-..., 

Me 

Cal 

Mo 

Md 

Mich., 
Mich.. 
Tex  _., 

Col 

HI 

HI 


1,641 
'»2*6 


741 


1»8 
1,626 
2,959 
1,998 
1,160 
6,861 
6,641 
1,280 
1,079 
1,7(13 
1,879 

768 
1,069 


1,174 


1,269 


2,920 
1,223 
2,020 


536 
634 


1,886 


1,614 
T,6C7 


1,154 
270 
763 


956 
T,126 


1,122 
1,539 


1,6C8 
633 
326 


1,011 


1,069 
816 
824 


2,109 
644 


1,044 
3,209 
1,640 


828 
972 
4.S8 
1,115 
417 
431 


361 
4,749 


2,020 

126 

1,107 

83 

2,131 

112 

2.30 

1,481 

8,092 

1,830 

1,605 

8,091 

6,894 

1,4.'>5 

1,171 

1,010 

2,o:i7 

804 

1,086 

201 

1,274 

624 

633 

316 

1,538 

156 

2,941 

1,384 

4,738 

238 

86 

680 

600 

260 

6C4 

265 

410 

2,524 

696 

729 

157 

2,040 

230 

256 

3,814 

1,760 

50 

416 

399 

1,608 

186 

869 

269 

223 

857 

192 

1,008 

143 

1,368 

1,389 

141 

141 

1,844 

2,023 

1,441 

3,976 

937 

244 

904 

l,f>42 

711 

134 

2,204 

607 

63 

1,036 

3,288 

1,812 

136 

1^18 

976 

622 

1,247 

475 

469 

210 

137 

1,194 

36,629 

126 

966 


Place. 


DenTer p.T. 

DenTer tp. 

DenTer p.tp. 

DenTer tp. 

Denver p.T. 

Denver p.y. 

DouTorton tp. 

DonTorton p.h. 

Denville p.T. 

Depauville- p.T. 

Depere* tp. 

Depere p.T. 

De  Peyster- p.tp. 

Deposit p.T. 

Deposit tp. 

Dcptford* tp. 

De  Pue p.T. 

Deputy p.T, 

Derby tp. 

Derby p.T. 

Derby p.T. 

Derby p.tp. 

Derinda p.tp. 

Derry tp. 

Derry tp. 

Derry p.T. 

Dorry tp. 

Derry tp. 

Derry tp. 

Derry tp. 

Derry  Depot p.T. 

Derry  nane I  p. 

Derry  Station p.T. 

De  Ruyter tp. 

De  Ruyter p.v, 

Dos  Arc p.v. 

Dos  Arc p.h. 

Desdemoua. p.T. 

Deserct p.v. 

Deshler p.T. 

Desloge  Lead  Mines. v. 

De  Smet p.T. 

Des  Moines tp. 

Des  Moines tp. 

Des  Moines tp. 

Des  Moines tp. 

Des  Moines tp. 

Des  Moines tp. 

Des  Moines tp. 

Dps  Moines c. 

Des  Moines tp. 

Dos  Moines* tp. 

Des  Muines tp. 

Des  Moines  River.. tp. 

De  Soto T. 

Do  Soto tp. 

De  Soto p.T. 

De  Soto p.v. 

De  Soto p.T. 

De  Soto p.T. 

DeSotovillo p.h. 

Des  Plaiues p.T. 

Detour tp. 

Detroit tp. 

Detroit p.v. 

Detroit tp. 

Detroit p.T. 

Detroit c. 

Detroit tp. 

Detroit- p.T. 

Deutzville t. 

Devall's  Bluff. p.T. 

De  View p.h. 

Dewald tp. 

Dewart p.T. 

Dewey.- p.h. 

Dewey tp. 

De  Witt p.T. 

DeWitt tp. 

De  Witt p.v. 

DeWitt tp. 

Do  Witt p.T. 

De  Witt tp. 

DeWitt p.T. 

DeWitt p.T. 

DeWitt p.T. 

DeWitt p.tp. 

Do  Wittville p.v. 

Dexter p.b. 

Dexter tp. 

Dexter p.T. 


County. 


Bute. 


Miami 

Iiutbella 

Newaygo 

Rock  

Worth 

Lincoln 

Solano 

Solano 

Morris 

Jefferson 

Brown 

Brown 

St.  Lawrence... 

Broome 

Delaware 

Gloucester 

Bureau 

Jefferson 

New  Haven  -.. 

Perry 

Lucas 

Orleans 

Jo  Daviess 

Pike 

Rockiiighnm  .. 
Rockingham .. 

Daujihiu 

Mifflin , 

Montour 

Westmoreland. 
Rockingham  .. 

Lo  Sueur 

Westmoreland 

Madisou 

Madison 

Prairie 

Iron , 

Kastland 

Millard 

Henry , 

St.  Francois.-., 
Kingsbury ..... 

Boouo 

Dallas 

Jasper 

Jefferson 

Lee 

Mahaska 

Pocahontas..... 

Polk 

Van  Buren 

Jackson 

Clarke 

Murray 

Floyd 

Jackson 

Dallas 

Johnson 

Jefferson 

Vernon 

Choctaw 

C*x)k 

Chippewa 

Pike 

Pike 

Somerset 

Somerset 

Wayne 

Becker 

Becker 

Mercer 

Prairie 

Woodniff. 

Nobles 

Northumberland . 
Champaign..., 

La  Porto 

Arkanf^as 

DeWitt 

DeWitt 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Carroll 

Saline 

Onondaga 

Chautauqua... 

Dallas 

Cowley 

Cowley 


Ind 

Mich... 
Mich... 
Minn  - 

Mo 

N.C.— 

Cal 

Cal 

N.J.... 
N.  Y-.. 
Wig.-., 

Wis 

N.  Y-.. 
N.  Y-., 
N.Y-., 
N.  J-.. 

Ill 

Ind 

Conn... 

Ind 

Iowa.. 

Vt 

HI 

Ill 

N.  H... 
N.  H... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  H... 
Minn. 

Pa 

N.  Y„. 
N.  Y... 
Ark.... 

Mo 

Tex.... 
Utah.. 
Ohio... 

Mo 

Dak.... 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa. . 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa., 
Iowa .. 
Iowa.. 
Minn.. 

Mo 

Minn . 

Ga 

Ill 

Iowa.. 
Kan.., 

Mo 

Wis.-. 
Ala.... 

Ill 

Mich.. 

Ill 

Ill 

Me 

Me 

Mich.. 
Minn . 
Minn  . 
N.  J.„. 
Ark.... 
Ark.„. 
Minn . 

Pa 

Ill 

Ind.... 
Ark.-. 

HI 

Ill 

Iowa.. 
Iowa. , 
Mich.. 
Mich.. 

Mo 

Neb.... 
N.  Y„. 
N.  Y-. 
Iowa.. 
Kan- 
Kan-. 


1870.      1880. 


>  Including  Delmar,  Md. 
282 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  EETURNS  OP   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Dexter ~ tp. 

Dexter p.v. 

Dexter ......tp. 

Dexter...^ p.v. 

Dexter tp. 

Dexter p.v. 

Dexter p.v. 

Dextor p.v. 

Dexter tp. 

Dexter  City p.v. 

DcxterviUe p.h. 

D'lIanU p.v. 

Dial ~ tp. 

Dial  City v. 

Dialtun p.h. 

Diainond v. 

Diamond ~.tp. 

Diamond  Bluff tp. 

Diamond  Uluff. p.v. 

Diamond  City p.h. 

Diamond  Creek tp. 

Diamond  Ilill p.v. 

Diamond  Hill tp. 

Diamond  Lake tp. 

Diamond  iiake tp. 

Diamond  Spring,  .p.tp. 
Diamond  Valley  ...tp. 

Diana p.tp. 

Dios  Creek p.v. 

Dickerson tp. 

Dickinson p.tp. 

Dickinson tp. 

Dick  Jolinson tp. 

Dickson p.b. 

Digliton tp. 

Dillon p.tp. 

Dillon tp. 

DillsliorougU p.v. 

Dillsburg p.b. 

Dimmock P-tp. 

Dimock p.tp. 

Dimondalo p.v. 

Dingman tp, 

Dingnmnsbtirg t. 

Diiismore tp. 

Diuna p.h. 

Disco p.v. 

Dismal p.tp. 

District tp. 

Dividing  Creek p.v. 

Dix tp. 

Dix tp. 

Dixfield tp. 

l>ixtield p.v. 

Dixie p.T. 

Dixie b. 

Dixmout p.tp. 

DixoQ ' _ tp. 

Dixun c. 

Dixon h. 

DixoQ p.v. 

Dixon tp. 

Dixon „ p.v. 

Dixon tp. 

Dixon p.b. 

Dixonville h. 

Doauville v. 

Dolison p.tp, 

Dodil'a „tp. 

Dodge tp. 

Dodge tp. 

Dodge p.tp, 

Dodge tp. 

Dodge tp. 

Dodge p.v. 

Dodge p.tp. 

Dodge  Centre p.v. 

Dodge  City p.v. 

Dodgeville „.tp. 

Dodgeville p.v. 

Dodson tp. 

Dodson p.h. 

Dod.ionville p.v. 

Dog  Bluff. tp. 

Dogtown V. 

Dogwood  Neck tp. 

Dolan tp. 

Dolby  Springs p.h. 

Dolingtou „....p.v. 

Dolson p.tp. 

Doltou'a  Station.. ..p.v. 


County. 

State. 

Population. 

1870. 

1880. 

Penobscot „.• 

Me 

Me 

2,875 

2,563 
1,600 

873 
1.008 

316 

Washtenaw 

Washtenaw 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn ... 
Minn... 
Mo 

889 

1,161 

120 

168 

489 

N.  Y 

Wis 

Jhio 



487 

Wood 

209 

Noble 

255 

Wood 

Wis 

62 

Tex 

210 

S.  C 

N.  Y„... 
Ohio 

ni 

2,529 
61 

3,416 

366 

Clark 

95 

424 

Iowa.... 
WIs.M  .. 
Wig 

476 

490 

5:J4 

136 

04 

Kan..... 
K.  I 

409 

994 

106 

Abbeville 

S.  C 

1,7C0 

2,077 
81 

Minn... 

Cal 

Kan 

"i",'055 

186 

El  Dorado 

903 

368 

N.  Y 

N.  J 

1,778 

2,020 
356 

Lewi« 

Mo 

1,646 
2,329 

Franklin 

N.  Y„... 

Pa 

Ind 

Pa 

Mass.... 

Ill 

Mo 

1,090 
1,C17 
8C8 
391 
1,817 
1,120 

Cumberland 

Clay _. 

Lackawanna 

Bristol 

1,741 

1,075 

838 

1,791 

1,082 

Phelps 

1,747 

Ind 

4M 

York 

La  Salle_ 

Pa 

Ill 

Pa 

Mich.... 

281 
l,2-.^2 
1,124 

455 
1,012 

Susquehanna 

Eaton 

1,07  i 
304 

Pike 

Pa 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ill 

519 

150 

1.700 

606 

Shelby 

200 

Shelby 

2,2.J7 

C<)les 

80 

Mich.... 

100 

N.  C 

Pa 

N.  J 

Ill 

N.Y.... 

Me 

Me 

740 

782 

4,282 
1,049 

1,272 

Berks 

798 

Cumberland 

Ford 

677 
1,.''.G6 

4,108 
913 

Oxford 

Oxford 

236 

Go. 

Miss.... 

Me 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

"i',3oi) 
4,687 
4,055 

114 

DeSoto 

72 

1,H2 

Lee 

4,241 

3,6.^>8 

62 

Scott 

Iowa.... 

2J8 
351 

Ky 

Ohio 

Ohio — 
Pa 

330 
1,123 

616 

Preble 

1,102 

Van  Wert 

40 

93 

Ohio 

130 

N.  C 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Kan ..... 

1,255 
979 

1,297 
979 
293 
229 

1,747 

1,008 

1,374 

1,144 
400 

Guthrie 

497 

Ford 

1,854 
137 

Walker 

Tex. 

Wis 

Trempealeau 

609 

Minn ... 
Kan..... 

Wis 

Wis 

Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 

Ohio 

S.  C._... 
Cal 

"3,708 

1,407 

1,710 

47 

789 

720 

Ford 

996 

3,540 

1,647 

Highland 

1,871 

Montgomery 

76 
148 

830 

1,52 

S.  C 

Mo 

Tox 

Prt 

673 
1,476 

096 

Cass 

1,831 

Bowie 

72 

109 

Clark 

Ill 

IIU 

1,221 

1,324 

Cook 

448 

Place. 


Donahne „ h. 

Donaldson p.h. 

Donaldson p.v. 

Donaldsonville v. 

Donaldson  villo p.v. 

Donally's  Mills p.h. 

Donegal tp. 

Donegal tp. 

Donegal tp. 

Donegal p.v. 

Donelton p.h. 

Doneraile v. 

Dongola p.v. 

Doniphan p.v. 

Doniphan tp. 

Doniphan p.v. 

Doniphan p.h. 

DonnaldsviUe p.tp. 

Donnellson p.h. 

Donnelly tp. 

Donnelsville p.v. 

Donovan p.v. 

Doon - p.tp. 

Dora tp. 

Dora p.v. 

Dora p.tp. 

Doraville p.v. 

Dorchester ..tp. 

Dorchester ».p.b. 

Dorchester p.v. 

Dorchester p.v. 

Dorchester p.tp. 

Dorchester v. 

Dorchester tp. 

Dorchester p.v. 

Dorr tp. 

Dorr tp. 

Dorr p.v. 

Dorrance P-tp. 

Dorset p.tp. 

Dorset tp. 

Dorset p.v. 

Dorse.v's  Station. ...h. 

Dorse.vTillo p.h. 

Dos  Cabezos v. 

Dosoris V. 

Dotysville v. 

Double  Shoal  _ tp. 

Double  Shoal p.v. 

Dougherty tp. 

Doughty 's  Falls....  v. 

Douglas tp. 

Douglas tp. 

Douglas tp. 

Douglas tp. 

Dougliis tp. 

Douglas tp. 

Douglas tp. 

Douglas tp. 

Douglas tp. 

Douglas tp. 

Douglas tp. 

Douglas tp. 

Douglas tp. 

Douglas tp. 

Douglas tp. 

Douglas tp. 

Dougleis tp. 

Douglas .._ tp. 

Douglas tp. 

Douglas tp. 

Douglas tp. 

Douglas tp. 

Douglas p.v. 

Douglas*. tp. 

Douglas p.tp. 

Douglas p.v. 

Douglas tp. 

Douglas tp. 

Douglas tp. 

Douglas p.tp. 

Douglas tp. 

Douglas h. 

Douglas tp. 

Douglas  City tp. 

Douglas  Flat p.v. 

Douglosville p.v. 

Douglasville p.v. 

Doutyville h. 

Dover „..p.v. 

Dover...... c. 


Connty. 


Sonoma , 

Marshall , 

Schuylkill 

Clay 

Ascension 

Perry 

Butler 

Washington 

Westmoreland.... 
Westmoreland.... 

Hunt 

Darlington , 

Union 

Doniphan- 

Eipley , 

Kipley  

Hall 

Abbeville 

Leo 

Stevens , 

Clark , 

Iroquois 

Lyon 

Moultrie , 

Wabash _ 

Otter  Tail 

De  Kalb 

Macoupin 

Macoupin 

Allamakee 

Saline 

Grafton 

Cumberland 

Colleton 

Clark 

McHenry 

Allegan 

Allegan 

Lu7.erne 

Ashtabula 

Bennington 

Bennington.. 

Howard 

Alleghany 

Pima 

Queens 

Greene 

Cleveland. 

Cleveland 

Cerro  Gordo. 

York 

San  Joaquin 

Clark 

FfUngham 

Iroquois 

Adams 

Appanoose 

Audubon 

Boone 

Bremer 

Clay 

Harrison 

Ida 

Madison  

Mitchell 

Montgomery 

Page 

Polk 

Sac , 

Shelby 

Union 

Welister. 

Butler 

Butler 

Jackson 

Worcester 

Allegan 

Montcalm 

Dakota.. 

Berks 

Montgomery 

Clarendon 

Anderson 

Marquette 

Trinity 

Calaveras 

Douglas 

Cass 

Northumberland. 

Pope 

Kent. 


SUte. 


Cal ... 
Ind... 
Pa..... 
Ind... 

La 

Pa-... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Tex.. 
S.  C... 

Ill 

Kan. 
Mo_. 
Mo... 
Neb.„ 
S.  C... 
Iowa. 
Minn 
Ohio- 
Ill 

Iowa. 

Ill 

Ind... 
Minn 

Ga 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa. 
Nob... 
N.  11. 
N.  .L, 
8.  C, 
Wis.- 

III 

Mich, 
Mich. 
Pa..... 
Ohio. 
Vt.... 

Vt 

Md ... 

Pa 

Arizona 
N.  Y„... 

Pa 

N.  C... 

N.  C 

Iowa.... 

Mo 

Cal 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa. ... 
low^a.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa,... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Kan  _... 
Kan-... 
Kan  .... 
Mass.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn... 

Pa 

Pa 

S.  C„.... 
Tex._... 
Wis.-... 

Cal 

Cal 

Ga 

Tex.-... 

Ptt 

Ark.„... 
Del 


Population. 


1870      1880. 


1,673 


862 
2,068 
1,112 

192 


628 
"146 
T,i55 


2,081 
1,518 


646 

372 
2,195 


1,410 


1,751 

5,55 

3.222 

2,399 

3:!3 

690 


879 
587 
320 
185 
61 
938 
282 
40' 
503 
013 
358 


1,700 
2,182 


21  o 

707 

1,072 

1,004 

310 


616 
783 


1,900 


97 

05 

979 

378 

2,0(X) 

96 

2,156 

1,375 

1,242 

183 

46 

107 

699 

618 

791 

167 

85 

1,677 

82 

211 

194 

176 

16T 

1,339 

91 

i:» 

103 

1,198 
69 
101 
309 
685 
329 

2,668 
244 

2,002 

1,723 
16U 
639 
613 

2,005 

147 

30 

36 

120 

:  150 
166 

1,899 
156 
4.54 
703 

1,845 
614 

4,007 

2,254 

1,132 
715 
314 
781 
871 
606 
520 
17« 
;937 
715 
849 
905 

1,0:J8 
4«l 
677 

6,920 
615 

1,1  ;h 

309 

1,051 

2,241 

622 

1,000 

801 

1,151 

1,676 

691 

119 

657 

624 

105 

286 

2iVi 

194 

308 

2,811 


1  SncA  1S70,  are«  reduced. 


*  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced. 


283 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PiM*. 


tp. 

UaMr  .................P.v. 

Sover ...h. 

Dover ~..t. 

PoTer .». tp. 

Dover ~..tp. 

Dover tp. 

Dover ~..p.v. 

Dover ..m ~..tp. 

Dover p.v. 

Dover .....p.tp. 

Dover ...tp. 

Dover tp. 

Dover » tp. 

Dover »..tp. 

Dover ..m tp. 

Dover ..^....^...p.v. 

Dover ^ tp. 

Dover c. 

Dover p.v. 

Dover  i~ ....tp. 

Dover tp. 

Dover .....p.v. 

Dover ~» tp. 

Dover p.tp. 

Dover tp. 

Dover tp. 

Dover tp. 

Dover ....tp. 

Dover p.b. 

Dover p.v. 

Dover p.tp. 

Dover tp. 

Dover tp. 

Dover  Centre  » p.v. 

Dover  liiU p.v. 

Dovray- tp. 

Dovre tp. 

Downgiac p.v. 

Dowelltown p.v, 

Downe* tp. 

Downer's  Grove tp. 

Downer's  Grove p.v. 

Downey p.v. 

Downey p.v. 

DowiiievJlle p.v. 

Downing. p.v, 

Downingtown p.b. 

Downs _ p.tp. 

Downs p.v. 

Downs tp. 

Downs  Chapel p.h, 

Downgville„. p.v. 

Dowville,. p.v, 

Doyal tp. 

Doyle tp. 

Doyle tp. 

Doylosburg p.h. 

Doylosport. tp. 

Doylestown p.v. 

Doylestown p.b, 

Doylestown tp. 

Doylestown p.v. 

Dracut' p.tp. 

Dragoon tp. 

Drain. p.v. 

Drake tp. 

Drake's  Branch p.h. 

DrakosvIUe p.v, 

Drakeville tp. 

Drakeville p.v. 

Dramnien tp. 

Drammea tp. 

Dravosburg.. p.v, 

Drayton _„p.h. 

Draytonsville- tp. 

Droher tp. 

Dresbach tp. 

Dreebach... p.v. 

Dresden. ..M tp. 

Dresden v. 

Dresden p.tp. 

Dresden « tp. 

Dresden p.v. 

Dresden ....tp. 

Dresden p.v. 

Dresden p.v. 

Dresden p.v. 

Dresden p  v. 

Dresserville f  .v. 


County. 


Bnrean........ 

Bureau........ 

Boone 

Denrborn 

Fayelte 

Pocahontas. , 

Shawnee 

Mason 

PiscatJiquls.. 

PiSCtttlKluls.. 

Norfolk 

Lake 

Lenawee 

Otsego 

Olmsted 

Lafayette 

I>afayette.».. 

Vernon 

Strafford 

Morris 

Ocean 

Dutchess 

Dutchess 

Athens 

Cuyahoga.... 

Fulton 

Tuscarawas.. 

Union 

York , 

York 

Stewart 

Windham..... 

Buffalo 

Bacine 

Olmsted 

Martin 

Murray 

Kandiyohi... 

Cass 

De  Kalb 

Cumberland 

Du  Pnge 

Du  Page 

Los  Angeles. 

Cedar. 

Sierra 

Schuyler 

Chester 

McLean 

Osborne 

Sumner  _ 

Kent 

Dunn 

Crawford 

St.  Clair 

Clarke 

Marion. „ 

Franklin 

Barton 

Wayne 

Bucks 

Bucks 

Columbia 

Middlesex^,, 

Osage 

Douglas^ 

Macon ..., 

Charlotte.™.. 

Morris 

Davis 

Darts 

Lincoln 

Kan  Claire... 
Alleghany.,, 

Pembina 

Union 

Wayne 

Winona 

Winona 

Chickasaw... 
Poweshiek .. 

Lincoln 

Pettis 

Pettis_ 

Washington. 

Yates 

Muskingum. 

Weakley 

Navarro 

Caynga,- 


State. 


ni 

Ill 

Ind 

lud 

luwa.... 
Iowa,... 

Kan 

Ky 

Me 

Mo 

Mass.... 
Mich,... 
Mich..., 
Mich.... 
Minn... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  II..,. 

N.  J 

N.J 

N.  Y 

N.  Y„... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio — 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Tenn ... 

Vt 

Wis.„... 

Wis. 

Minn... 

Ind 

Minn... 
Minn  ... 
Mich.... 
Tenn  .„ 

N.  J 

Ill 

Ill 

Cal 

Iowa.... 

Cal 

Mo 

Pa 

Ill 

Kan 

Kan 

Del 

Wis 

Iowa..., 

Mo 

Iowa. ... 

Kan 

Pa 

Mo 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa 

Wis 

Mass.... 

Kan 

Oregon. 
Mo  .... 
Va .... 
N.J... 
Iowa.. 
Iowa. 
Minn 
Wis... 

Pa 

Dak., 
S.  C... 

Pa. 

Minn 
Minn 
Iowa. 
Iowa, 
Me .... 
Mo .... 
Mo..., 
N.  Y., 
N.Y.. 
Ohio.. 
Tenn. 
Tex.„ 
N.Y- 


Popiilation. 


1870,     1880. 


1,402 
304 


1,150 


611 

5:J2 

1,983 


64S 
T,494 


882 

2,251 

320 


9,294 


3,044 
2,279 


1,697 

1,445 
930 

3,515 
929 

2,281 
418 
270 
635 


927 


1,932 


3,.385 
2,618 


704 


1,077 
1,196 


9G5 
124 


385 

551 

1,601 

1,954 


2,078 


534 
207 


1,864 

""sii 

"*535 
"'990 


348 
684 


1,156 
355 


1,341 

239 

39 

119 

1,;«9 

269 

833 

446 

1,687 

002 

653 

214 

1,465 

li'O 

1,005 

2,052 

321 

701 

11,087 

2,958 

2,439 

2,J81 

721 

1,736 

1,784 

1,058 

4,107 

1,006 

2,378 

415 

317 

621 

722 

1,047 

231 

146 

l.i3 

553 

2,100 

210 

1,687 

3,294 

686 

237 

104 

C50 

1.52 

1,480 

1,366 

4G5 

232 

45 

195 

291 

838 

1,064 

1,489 

48 

832 

1,040 

2,070 

1,845 

119 

1,595 

800 

188 

425 

87 

201 

685 

300 

142 

401 

850 

62 

2,187 

996 

326 

185 

711 

131 

1,032 

1,101 

291 

730 

366 

1,204 

314 

122 

io;j 


PlM*. 


Drew pint. 

Drew's v. 

Drowsvllle p.h. 

Drifton V. 

Driftwood tp. 

Driftwood p.v. 

Druldvlllo V. 

Drum  Creek tp. 

Drummer tp. 

Druniore  _ tp. 

Drum's p.v. 

Drury p.tp. 

Dry  Branch p.h. 

Dry  Creek tp. 

Dry  Creek tp. 

Dry  Creek tp, 

Dryden _ tp. 

Dryden p.v, 

Dryden p.tp. 

Dryden- tp. 

Dryden p.v. 

Dry  Grove tp. 

Dry  Point tp. 

Dry  Bun p.v. 

Dry  Town „,,p.v. 

Dry  wood tp. 

Dry  wood.- p.tp, 

Duane p.tp. 

Duanesburg tp. 

Duanesburg p.h. 

Dublin „ p.v, 

Dublin p.v. 

Dublin p.v, 

Dublin tp. 

Dublin* tp. 

Dublin h. 

Dublin p.v. 

Dublin tp. 

Dublin- V. 

Dublin p.v. 

Dublin tp. 

Dublin tp. 

Dublin p.v. 

Dublin p.v. 

Dublin  MilU p.h, 

Dubois p.v. 

Dubois p.v, 

Duboistown- p.b. 

Dubuque c. 

Dubuque tp. 

Diichouquet tp. 

Duck  Creek hnd. 

Duck  Creek tp. 

Duck  Creek tp. 

Duck  Creek tp. 

Duck  Hill p.v. 

Dudley p.v. 

Dudley tp. 

Dudley p.v, 

Dudley tp. 

Dudley p.v. 

Dudley b. 

Dudley tp. 

Dudleytown p.h. 

Ducast's tp. 

Due  West tp. 

Due  West p.v, 

Duffau p.v. 

Dugway p.h. 

Duke  Centre p.v. 

Duluth p.v. 

Duluth c. 

Duluth tp. 

Dumfries p.v. 

Dummer tp. 

Dummerston tp. 

Dumontville p.h. 

Dunbar tp. 

Dunbar P-tp. 

Dunbarton tj). 

Duubarton p.h. 

Duncan tp. 

Duncan' tp. 

Duncan tp. 

Duncan tp. 

Duncannon p.b. 

Duncan's  Creek tp. 

Duncan's  Creek p.tp. 

Duncan's  Falls p.v. 

Dundaff. p.v. 


County. 


Penobflcot 

Shelby 

Cheshire 

Luzerne 

Jackson 

("anicron 

Ilaltimore 

Montgomery 

Ford 

Lancaster 

Luzerne- 

Bock  Island- 

Franklin 

Sacramento.- 

Howell 

Marios 

Lapeer 

Lapeer 

Sibley 

Tompkins 

Tompkins- 

McLean 

Shelby 

Franklin „,„, 

Amador 

Bourbon 

Vernon 

Franklin 

Schenectady 

Schenectady- 

Laurens 

Wayne 

Harford 

Swift 

Cheshire 

Seneca' 

Franklin 

Mercer 

Bradford 

Bucks 

Fulton 

Huntingdon 

Erath 

Pulaski 

Fulton 

Washington- ^ 

Clearfield 

Lycoming- 

Dubuque 

Dubuque 

Auglaize 

Kent 

Madbon 

Wilson 

Stoddard 

Montgomery 

Edgar 

Henry 

Wapello 

Worcester 

Worcester- 

Huntingdon 

Hardin 

Jackson 

Cabamis „.,„ 

Abbeville 

Abbeville 

Erath 

Oswego 

McKean 

Gwinnett 

St.  Louis 

St.  Louis 

Prince  William... 

Coos 

Windham- 

Fairfield 

Faribault 

Fayette 

Mcrrimac 

Morrimac 

Mercer 

Cheboygan 

Sullivan 

Tioga 

Perry 

Cleveland 

Butherford 

Muskingum 

Susquehanna 


State. 


Me.,... 

Ky 

N.  II.,. 

Pa 

Ind..,. 

Pa 

Md .... 
Kan-, 

111 

Pa. 

Pa 

Ill 

Mo..... 
Cal  .... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mich,. 
Mich.. 
Minn, 
N,Y... 
N.  Y-., 

Ill 

HI 

Pa. 

Cal .,., 
Kan.... 

Mo 

N.  Y... 
N.  Y„. 
N.  Y„. 

Ga 

Ind.,,. 
Md  ..„ 
Minn, 
N.  H... 
N.  Y„,. 
Ohio-. 
Ohio-. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Tex..... 

Va 

Pa 

Ill 

Pa 

Pa. 

Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Ohio-. 
Del.... 
Ind.... 
Kan-. 
Mo  .... 
Miss-. 

Ill 

Ind.... 
Iowa.. 
Mass.. 
Mass.. 

Pa 

Ohio-.. 
Ind.... 
N.  C-. 
S.  C... 
S.C... 
Tox.... 
N.  Y„. 

Pa 

Ga 

Minn. 
Minn  . 

Va 

N.  H... 

Vt 

Ohio-.. 
Minn  . 

Pa 

N.  H.„ 
N.  H... 

Ill 

Mich... 

Mo 

Pa 

Pa 

N.C-.. 
N.  C... 
Ohio-.. 
Pa 


1  Since  1870,  area  mucb  rednced, 
<  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced. 

284 


s  Since  1870,  are*  rednced. 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced,     *  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


POPULATION  OF   THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  KETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPAEED. 


Place. 


Dundaa p.h. 

Duiulas p.v. 

Diiiidas p.h. 

Bundee tp. 

Dundee p.T. 

Diiudee tp. 

Duudee p.v. 

1)11  udee p.v. 

Duudee p.v. 

Puuellen „..p.v. 

Duugannon p.v. 

Duuliam tp. 

Dunham p.tp. 

Duiikard p.tp. 

Duukinsviile p.h. 

Duukirk p.v. 

Dunkirk c. 

Dunkirk p.v. 

Dunkirk' tp. 

Dunklin tp. 

Dunksburg h. 

Dunlap p.v. 

Duulap p.v. 

Dunlap p.v. 

Dunlap p.v. 

Duulapsville p.v. 

Dunleith tp. 

Dunmore p.b. 

Dunn tp. 

Dunn tp. 

Dunn tp. 

Dunnigan p.v. 

Dunn's tp. 

t>unnstown v. 

Dunnsville p.h. 

Dunnville p.h. 

Duureith p.v. 

Dunstable p.tp. 

Dunstable tp. 

Du  Page p.tp. 

Du  Plain p.tp. 

Duplin  Koads v.   ;^ 

Dupont p.v. 

Dupont p.v. 

Dupont ......p.v. 

Du  punt p.tp. 

Dupont's  Bank8....v. 

Duquoin p.v. 

Durand tp. 

Durand , p.v. 

Durand p.v. 

Durand tp. 

Durand p.v. 

Durant p.v. 

Durant p.v. 

Durbanuah v. 

Durham p.h. 

Durham p.tp. 

Durham p.tp. 

Durham p.tp. 

Durham p.h. 

Durham p.tp. 

Durham p.tp. 

Durham tp. 

Durham p.v. 

Durham p.tp. 

Du  rhamville p.v. 

Duahore p.b. 

Dushvillo V. 

Dutch  Buffalo tp. 

Dutch  Creek p.tp. 

Dutchlmry v. 

Dutch  Flat p.v. 

Dutch  Mills ....p.h. 

Dutchtown V. 

Dutch  ville p.tp. 

Duval tp. 

Duxbury p.tp. 

Duxbury tp. 

Dwight tp. 

Dwiglit „ p.v. 

Dwight tp. 

Dy  berry p.tp. 

Dycusburg p.v. 

Dyer  Brook p.tp. 

Dyorsburg p.v. 

Dyer's  Station p.v. 

Dyersville p.v. 

Dymond  City p.h. 

Dysart p.v. 

Dysortville p.tp. 


OoUDtj. 

State. 

Population. 

1870. 

1880. 

Richland 

Kice 

Ill 

Minn  ... 
Ohio 

;;;;;— 

58 
689 

61 

2,799 

1,434 

3,242 

932 

1,025 

147 

817 

120 

966 

900 

1,494 

67 

662 

7,248 

1,311 

1,283 

2,007 

46 

146 

1,246 

247 

133 

118 

1,276 

6,151 

137 

1,140 

1,115 

121 

1,309 

214 

46 

70 

149 

453 

676 

1,101 

1,862 

144 

165 

192 

165 

654 

1.291 

2,807 

1,284 

530 

210 

879 

642 

475 

724 

127 

63 

990 

1,073 

1,253 

68 

962 

2,173 

5,507 

2,041 

1,420 

135 

377 

103 

997 

1,032 

200 

939 

83 

188 

2,300 

946 

2,196 

884 

2,170 

1,295 

933 

1,020 

194 

172 

1,010 

401 

975 

84 

616 

1,215 

Ill 

Ill 

2,079 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

N.  J 

2,384 

730 

106 

Yates 

Columbiana 

Ohio 

Ill 

Ohio 

Pa 

Ohio 

129 

999 

755 

1,520 

Washington 

Ind 

Chautauqua 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

5,231 

Wis 

S.  0 

Mo 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Kan 

2,179 
1,457 

80 

Pettis 

Tenn ... 
Ind 

Jo  Daviess 

Ill 

Pa 

Minn ... 

Wis 

Wis 

Cal 

l,:«2 
4,311 

""i",172 
990 

Lackawanna 

Otter  Tail 

Yolo 

Franklin 

N.  C 

Pa 

833 

Clinton 

N.  Y„... 
Ky 



Casey 

Ind 

471 

615 

1,118 

1,493 

Pa 

Ill 

Mich.... 
N.  0 

Will 

Duplin .. 

Clinch 

Ga 

Ind 

Ohio..... 

Wig 

Del 

150 

New  Castle 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

2,212 
1,578 

Mich.... 

Pepin 

Wis 

Wis 

917 

Cedar 

Iowa.... 

Miss 

W.Va... 
Cal 

373 
375 

Butte 

Conn.... 

Ill 

3Ie 

Mo 

1,086 
1,019 
l,;i50 

Androscoggin 

Strafford 

N.  H.... 

N.  Y 

N.  C 

N.  0 

1,298 
2,257 
2,323 

Orange „... 

Pa 

Tenn.... 

Pa 

Mich.... 

1,209 
150 
376 

Sullivan 

N.  0 

Iowa.... 
Pa 

913 
1,228 

Washington 

Cal 

Washington 

Ark 

Pa 

N.  C 

Mo 

1,752 

Mass.... 

Vt 

Ill 

Ill 

Mich.... 

Pa 

Ky 

2,341 
893 

l,80i 

1,044 
3:« 

1,196 

Washington 

Livingston 

Me 

Tenn ... 
Tenn  ... 
Iowa. ... 

N.  0 

Iowa.... 
N.  C 

129 
683 

767 

Gibson 

Martin 

McDowell 

Place. 


Kagan tp. 

Eagle tp. 

Eagle tp. 

Eagle h. 

Eagle tp. 

Eagle tp. 

Eagle tp. 

Eagle p.v. 

Eagle tp. 

Eagle tp. 

Eagle p.v. 

Eagle tp. 

Eagle tp. 

Eagle.  ^ tp. 

Eagle tp. 

Eagle tp. 

Eagle p.v. 

Eagle  Bridge p.v. 

Eagle  Creek tp. 

Eagle  Creek.. » tp. 

Eagle  Grove p.tp. 

Eagle  Harbor p.tp. 

Eagle  Hill v. 

Eiigle  Lake tp. 

Eiigle  Lake p.v. 

Eagle  Mills p.tp, 

Eagle  Pass p.v. 

Eagle  Point p.tp. 

Eagle  Point tp. 

Eagloport p.h. 

Eagle  Rock v. 

Eagletown p.v. 

Eagle  Valley tp. 

Eagleville. p.v. 

Eagieville v. 

Eagleville p.v. 

Eagleville h. 

Eagleville b. 

Eagleville p.v. 

Kaglewood tp. 

Earl p.tp. 

Earl tp. 

Earl tp. 

Earleton p.h. 

Earlham p.v. 

Earlington p.v. 

Earlville „.v. 

Earlville p.v. 

Karlville p.v. 

Early  Branch p.v. 

Earpsborough p.h. 

Easley tp. 

Easley tp. 

Easley p.v. 

Easonville p.h. 

East tp. 

East tp. 

East  Albany p.b. 

East  Allen tp. 

East  Allentown v. 

East  Alliance v. 

Eastaloe p.tp. 

East  Atnwell tp. 

East  Andover p.v. 

Eastatoe p.tp. 

East  Aurora p.v. 

East  Bangor p.v. 

Eiist  Barnard p.h. 

East  Battle  Lake...tp.  . 

East  Bay p.tp. 

East  Bear  River tp. 

East  Bend tp. 

East  Bend p.tp. 

East  Berkshire p.v. 

East  Berlin p.v. 

East  Berne p.v. 

East  Bethany p.h. 

East  Bethel p.v. 

East  Bethlehem p.tp. 

East  Bloomfield tp. 

East  Bloomfield p.v. 

East  Bloomfield  Sta.p.v. 

East  Boothbay p.v. 

East  Boxford v. 

East  Boyer tp. 

East  Bradford tp. 

East  Brady p.b. 

East  Brandywine...tp. 
East  BridgewaterS.tp. 
East  Bridg6water..p.v. 
East  Brook p.tp. 


Connty. 


Dakota. „, 

I.a  Salle.. 

Boone 

Boone 

Black  Hawk.. 

Sedgwick 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Macon 

Wyoming 

Wyoming 

Brown 

Hancock 

Vinton 

Richland 

Waukesha 

Waukesha 

Rensselaer 

Lake.. 

Scott 

Wright 

Keweenaw.... 

Schuylkill 

Otter  Tall 

Colorado 

Iredell 

Maverick 

Ogle 

Chippewa 

Morgan 

Boulder 

Hamilton 

Todd 

Tolland 

Worcester 

Harrison 

Wood 

Centre 

Rutherford.... 

Ocean 

La  Sallo 

Berks 

Lancaster  „.... 

Neosho 

Madison 

Hopkins 

La  Salle 

Delaware 

Madison , 

Hampton 

Johnson , 

Macon 

Pickens 

Pickens 

St.  Clair 

New  Madrid... 

Carroll 

Orleans 

Northampton.. 

Lehigh 

Mahoning 

Pickens 

Hunterdon 

Merrimac 

Transylvania., 

Erie 

Northampton., 

Windsor 

Otter  Tail 

Grand  Traverse... 

Yuba 

Champaign...., 

Yadkin 

Franklin 

Adams , 

Albany 

Genesee- 

Windsor , 

Washington.... 

Ontario 

Ontario 

Ontario , 

Lincoln- 

Essex 

Crawford 

Chester 

Clarion. 

Chester 

Plymouth , 

Plymouth 

Hancock 


State. 


Minn 

111 

Ind... 

lud... 

Iowa. 

Kan. 

Mich.... 

Mich.. 

Mo 

N.  Y... 
N.  Y... 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 

Wis 

Wis 

AVis 

N.Y... 
Ind... 
Minn.. 
Iowa. . 
Mich.. 

Pa 

Minn ... 

Tex 

N.  C 

Tex 

Ill 

Wis 

Ohio 

Col 

Ind 

Minn... 
Conn ... 
Mass.... 

Mo 

Ohio 

Pa 

Tenn  ... 

N.  J 

Ill 

Pa. 

Pa 

Kan 

Iowa.... 

Ky 

Ill 

Iowa. ... 

N.  Y 

S.  C 

N.  C 

Mo 

S.  0 

S.  C 

Ala 

Mo 

Ohio 

Vt 

Pa 

Pa. 

Ohio 

S.  C 

N.J 

N.  II 

N.  C„... 
N.Y„... 

Pa 

Vt 

Minn... 
Mich.... 

Cal 

Ill 

N.  C 

Vt 

Pa 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Vt 

Pa 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Me 

Mass... 
Iowa.... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Mass  ... 
Mass.... 
Me 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


670 

870 

2,327 


507 
*i',008 


1,040 
110 
1,166 
1,:«0 
681 
],08;J 
1,256 


737 
800 
195 
778 


80 


1,1 

1.240 

777 

1,667 

79 


•Mr 


2,129 
1,022 
2,975 


827 
1,180 


288 
1,099 
1,802 


351 
"356 


466 

603 

643 

1,3.53 


1,621 

2,260 

320 


231 
1,033 

728 
1,011 
3,017 


187 


645 

1,205 

2,204 

92 

748 

540 

l,:i40 

120 

829 

1,203 

183 

1,249 

1,284 

1,044 

1,303 

1,155 

292 

96 

721 

759 

303 

627 

lis 

457 
406 

1,151 

1,627 
687 

2,564 
35 
130 
215 
156 
230 
254 
453 
9G 
663 
134 
692 

2,034 

1,141 

3,541 
43 
260 
907 
903 
4.50 
293 
256 
44 
743 

3,030 
327 
73 
201 
868 
36 

1,195 
516 
334 

1,167 

1,096 
180 
663 

1,109 
335 
55 
209 
654 
975 
949 

1,530 
223 
610 
490 
92 
107 

1,966 

2,527 
474 
198 

1,451 
508 
629 

1,054 

lion 

2,710 

1,294 

289 


>  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced. 


>  Sincu  1870,  vea  reduced. 


285 


k 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES    TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PIm*. 


Conntjr. 


Population. 


1870. 


1880. 


Place. 


CoUDtjr. 


State. 


ICaat  Brook.- ...,p.T. 

Kait  UniMwIck tp. 

Kast  Uruiwwick-...tp, 

Xast  UiiCralu tp. 

XHitCiiiro b. 

XastCulD tp. 

Kast  Cambridge-... |i.T. 

Xast  Cauton p.h. 

Kast  CaroiiUolet p.T. 

Kast  Cuss:iilaga p.T. 

Kast  ("uscuile v. 

Kast  CliiUn.- tp. 

Kast  Chatham p.T. 

Kast  Chostor p.tp. 

Kast  China tp. 

Kast  Cleveland tp. 

Kast  Cluvcland p.r^ 

Kast  Cocalico- tp. 

Kust  Coucoi-d... p.T. 

Kast  Couuersville  ..t. 
Kast  Cuuemaugb—b 

Kast  Coriatb p.T. 

Kast  Coveutry p.tp. 

East  Day- t. 

Kast  Deer tp. 

Kast  Dennis p.T. 

Kast  Derry p.T. 

Ka8t  Donegal tp. 

Kast  Dorset- p.T. 

Kast  Dover bud. 

Kitst  DoTer p.T. 

Kast  Dubuque p.T. 

Kast  KatI tp. 

Kast  Elkport p.h. 

Kuat  KIma p.h. 

Kast  Knterprise p.h. 

Kastern tp. 

Cast  Kxeter p.h. 

Kast  Fairfield p.T. 

Kast  Fairfield tp. 

Kast  F«llowfield....tp. 
East  Frtllowfield....tp. 

Kast  Falmouth 4>.T. 

Kast  Finlev p.tp. 

Kast  Fiahkill p.tp. 

Kasttoid p.tp. 

Kast  Fork tp. 

Kast  Fork p.tp. 

Kast  Fork tp. 

Kast  Franklin tp. 

Kitst  Franklin t. 

Kast  Franlilin p.h, 

Ka»t  Gainesville.. ..p.T. 

Kast  Galena tp. 

Kast  Germantowu..p.T. 

Kast  Goshen tp. 

Kast  Grafton v. 

Kast  Gi-anby p.tp, 

Kast  Granite  Falls.p.T. 

Ka.st  Granville p.T. 

Kikst  Grconbnsh p.tp. 

KastOrcensliorougb.p.h 
Kast  Greensburg...h. 

Kast  Greenville p.h, 

Kast  Greenwich p.tp, 

Kast  Grove tp. 

Kast  Iladdam p.tp. 

Kastham p.tp. 

Kast  Hamburg p.tp. 

Kast  Hammonton..h. 

Kast  Hampton p.T. 

Kitst  Hampton p.tp. 

Kast  Hampton tp. 

Kast  Hampton tp. 

Kast  Hampton p.T. 

Kast  Hannibal h. 

Kast  Hanover tp. 

Kast  Hanover p.tp 

Kast  Harrisburg....v. 

Kast  Hartford p.tp, 

Kast  Hartlaud. p.h. 

Kaat  Haven p.tp, 

Kast  Haven v. 

Kast  Haven p.tp, 

Kast  Hempfield p.tp, 

Kast  Henrietta T. 

Kast  Hickory.- p.T. 

Kist  Homer p.h. 

Kast  UuutiDgdon...tp. 

}>st  Irving h. 

Kiist  JacksonTilIe.„T. 

Kast  Keating- tp. 

Kast  KilUugly p,T, 


286 


Lawrence,.,,,..... 
MIddleeex-.....-. 

Schuylkill „. 

Union 

Ballard 

Cheater 

Middlesex 

Bradford 

St.  Clair 

Chautauqua. 

Dubuque 

Uartin 

Columbia 

Westchester  - 

St.  Clair - 

Cuyahoga- 

Cuyahoga 

Lancaster- 

Merrimac— 

Fayette 

Cambria 

Orange 

Chester 

Saratoga.. 

Alleghany 

Barnstable 

Rockingham 

Lancaster 

Bennington 

Kent 

Piscataquis 

Jo  Daviess- 

Lancaster 

Clayton 

Erie 

Switzerland 

Franklin 

Penobscot 

Columbiana 

Crawford 

Chester 

Crawford 

Barnstable 

Washington 

Dutchess 

Windham 

Clinton 

Montgomery.  ... 

Haywood 

Armstrong. 

Schuylkill 

Franklin 

Wyoming 

.To  Daviess 

Wayne 

Chester. 

Grafton 

Hartford 

Chippewa 

Hampden 

Rensselaer 

Orleans 

Westmoreland... 

Montgomery 

Kent 

Lee 

Middlesex 

Barnstable 

Erie 

Atlantic 

Middlesex 

Hampshire 

Burlington 

Suffolk 

Suffolk 

Pike 

Dauphin 

Lebanon 

Dauphin 

Hartford 

Hartford 

Mew  Haven 

Carbon 

Essex- 

Lancaster 

Monroe.- 

Forest , 

Cortland 

Westmoreland- 
Benton 

Duval 

Clinton.- 

Windham  ........ 


Pa- 

N.J 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Ky 

Pa 

Moaa... 

Pa 

Ill 

N.  Y.... 
Iowa... 
Minn... 
N.Y.... 
N.  Y„.. 
Mich... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 

Pa. 

N.  H-.. 

lud 

Pa- 

Vt 

Pa 

N.  Y„., 

Pa 

Mass... 
N.H..., 

Pa 

Vt 

Del 

Me 

Ill 

Pa 

Iowa.., 
N.  Y-. 

Ind 

HI 

Me  .-. 
Ohio-., 

Pa 

Pa , 

Pa , 

Masa... 

Pa 

N.  Y... 
Conn.., 

Ill 

Ill , 

N.  C... 

Pa 

Pa 

Vt 

N.  Y-. 

Ill 

Ind.... 

Pa 

N.  U... 
Conn.. 
Minn  . 
Mass.. 

N.  y„. 
Vt 

Pa 

Pa 

R.  I.... 

Ill 

Conn.., 
Mass... 

N.  y... 

N.  J-.. 
Conn.. 
Mass.. 
N.  J.„. 
N.  Y-. 
N.Y... 

HI 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Conn.. 
Conn.. 
Conn.. 

Pa 

Vt 

Pa. 

N.Y-. 

Pa 

N.  Y-. 

Pa 

Iowa.. 
Fla .... 

Pa 

Conn.. 


2,8Cl 
l,6Cl 
1,UU 


7,491 

297 

6,050 


1,992 


381 

"*i",3i'8 

1,390 


3,254 


2,310 

"*ri2 

T,oi*6 


741 
1,291 
1,167 


1,186 

2,306 
984 
617 

1,421 
286 

1,451 


856 
636 
696 


1,845 


2,060 
765 

2,951 
6G8 

2,270 


3,620 


2,372 


1,723 
1,737 


3,007 
"2,7T4 


191 
2,602 


2,134 


134 

8,272 

1,544 

1,010 

81 

6:i9 

10,i:vt 

74 

386 

263 

370 

142 

224 

8,737 
337 

3,673 

2,876 

2,226 
284 
193 
756 
139 

1,259 
124 

1,253 
4U8 
117 

3,126 
215 

6,028 
102 

1,037 

3,028 
74 
78 
66 

1,547 
74 
185 
748 

1,461 

1,306 
200 

1,332 

2,574 
855 
8:55 

1,798 
399 

1,695 

148 

60 

247 

2,012 
461 
724 
123 
754 
174 
579 

2,127 
42 
63 
331 

2,887 
797 

3,032 
692 

2,409 

15 

737 

4,206 
666 

2,515 
807 
33 

1,637 

1,704 
198 

3,500 
62 

3,057 
147 
225 

3,176 
1,52 
187 
76 

4,404 
45 

1,144 
245 
762 


..p.T, 
..p.T. 
.p.T, 
.l..h. 


East  Kingston p.tp. 

East  Kingston T. 

East  Larkawannock.tp. 

East  I.Ake p.tp. 

Kast  littmpasas T. 

East  Lampeter tp, 

Eastland p.T. 

East  Leavenworth.h. 

East  Lehigh T. 

East  Lempster p.h. 

East  LewiBtown....p.h. 

East  Lexington p.T. 

East  Liberty p.T. 

Kast  Liberty h. 

East  Liberty p.T. 

East  Lincoln tp. 

Kaat  Livormore p.tp. 

East  Liverpool p.T. 

Kast  liongmeadow.p.T. 

East  Lyme p.tp. 

Eiu!t  Lynn p.T. 

East  Lynne p.v. 

East  Machins p.tp 

East  Mahoning ip. 

Eastman p.tp. 

East  Mnnlieim v. 

Kastmansville p.T. 

East  Marietta t. 

East  Marion p.T. 

East  Marlborough. tp. 
East  Mauch  Chunk. p.b. 

East  Meredith p.h 

East  Milan 

East  Millstone 
East  Monroe... 
East  Moravia .. 
East  Montpelier....tp, 
East  Mont|)elIer....p.h. 

East  Moriches p.v. 

East  Muncy v. 

East  Nantmeal p.tp. 

East  Nassau p.h. 

East  Nelson tp. 

East  New  Brunswick.v. 
East  New  Haven. ..v. 
East  NewMarket...p.T. 
East  New  Milford...p.h. 

East  Newport v. 

East  New  Portland. p.h. 

East  Norway p.h. 

East  Norwegian. ...tp. 
East  NottIngham...tp. 

East  Oakland tp. 

Easton p.tp. 

Eoston p.v. 

Easton tp. 

Easton p.v. 

Easton p.tp. 

Easton p.T. 

Easton.- p.tp. 

Easton tp. 

Easton p.h. 

Easton p.T. 

Easton p.tp, 

Easton p.tp. 

Easton p.T. 

Easton b. 

Easton  - c. 

Easton tp. 

Easton p.h. 

Easton tp. 

East  Orange tp. 

East  Orange p.T. 

East  Orange p.tp. 

East  Orange ph. 

East  Orrington p.v. 

East  Otto p.tp. 

East  Palestine p.T. 

East  Palmer h. 

East  Parker. T. 

East  Passaic T. 

East  Pembroke p.h. 

East  Penn tp. 

East  Pennsborough  tp. 

East  Pharsalla p.T. 

East  Pike p.v. 

East  Pikelnnd tp. 

East  Pike  Run tp. 

East  Platt8mouth...p.T. 

East  Point p.v. 

Eastport p.tp. 

Eastport p.v. 

Kaatport v. 


Rocktngliam ... 

Ulster 

Mercer 

Dare 

L»mpa.«a8- 

Lancaster. 

Eastland 

Platte , 

Webstar 

Sullivan 

Mahoning 

Middlesex 

Logan 

Summit 

Fayette 

Logan 

Androscoggin- 
Columbiana,... 

HaniiHlen 

New  London .. 

Vermilion 

Cass 

Washington-.. 

Indiana 

Crawford 

Schuylkill 

Ottawa 

Lancaster 

Suffolk 

Chester 

Carbon 

Delaware 

Monroe 

Somerset 

Highland 

Lawrence 

Wasblngton— . 
Washington-.. 

Snfiblk 

Lycoming 

Chester 

Rensselaer 

Moultrie 

Middlesex 

Fayette 

Dorchester 

Susquehanna.. 

Sullivan 

Somerset 

Doniphan 

Schuylkill , 

Cliester 

Coles 

Fairfield 

Mason 

Leavenworth.. 
Leavenworth.. 

Aroostook 

Talbot 

Bristol 

Ionia  

Faribault 

Buchanan 

Grafton 

Washington-.. 

Wayne 

Clarion 

Northampton.. 

Adams 

Adams..... 

Marathon 

Sioux 

Sioux 

Essex 

Orange 

Penobscot 

Cattaraugus..., 
Columbiana-., 

Ellis 

Clarion— 

Bergen , 

Genesee 

Carbon 

Cumberland-., 

Chenango 

Wj-oming 

Cliester , 

Washington-., 

Blills 

Fulton 

Washington-., 

Suffolk 

Coos 


N.n., 

N.Y. 

Pa 

N.  C. 
Tex.. 

Pa 

Tex.. 
Mo... 
Iowa 
N.H. 
Ohio. 
Masa 
Ohio. 
Ohio. 

Pa 

Ill 

Me 

Ohio 

Mass.... 
Conn..- 

III 

Mo 

Me 

Pa 

Wis 

Pa 

Mich.... 

Pa 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  Y 

Mich.... 

N.  J 

Ohio 

Pa 

Vt 

Vt 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  Y-.- 

III 

N.  J.-... 

I'a 

Md 

Pa 

N.  II 

Me 

Kan 

Pa 

Pa 

Ill 

Conn..., 

Ill 

Kan 

Kan 

Me 

Md , 

Mass..., 
Mich.... 
Slinn .., 

Mo , 

N.  H...., 
N.  Y-.. 
Ohio-.. 

Pa 

Po 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
N.  J...... 

Vt 

Me 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Tex 

Pa 

N.  J 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Pa 

Iowa.... 

Ga 

Me 

N.  Y 

Oregon. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATfik 


CENSUS  EETURNS  OF  1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Eastport T. 

Jjist  Port  Chester..T. 
Kaat  Portervillo  ....v. 

Eiist  Portland p.v, 

Kast  Poultney p.v. 

East  Prospect p.b, 

Hast  Providence.. ..tp. 
East  Providence.. ..p.tp. 
East  Providence.  ...V. 

East  Randolph p.T. 

East  Randolph p.y. 

Eiist  Richfield v. 

East  Richford p.h. 

East  Richland p.h. 

East  Ringgold p.v. 

East  River tp. 

East  Rochester p.v. 

East  Rockaway p.v. 

East  Rupert p.h. 

East  Sagi'iaw c. 

East  St.  Clair tp. 

East  St.  Louis p.v. 

East  Salem p.h. 

East  Siilisbury p.v. 

Ei»st  Sandwich p.v. 

East  Saugns p.v. 

East  Setauket p.v. 

East  Springfield. ...p.h. 
East  Springfield. ...V. 
East  Springfield.. ..p.v. 
East  Springfield. ...p.v. 

East  Steamburg p.h. 

>^t  Stockholm p.h. 

East  Stoughton p.v. 

East  Strondsburg...p.v. 

East  Sullivan p.v. 

East  Summit v. 

East  Sumner p.h. 

East  Swanzey p.v. 

East  Syracuse p.v. 

East  Tarrytown h. 

East  Tawas p.v. 

East  Texas p.v. 

East  Thetford p.h. 

Easttown tp. 

East  Troy p.v. 

East  Troy tp. 

East  Troy p.v. 

East  Tyrone b. 

Eitst  Union v. 

East  Union p.tp. 

East  Union tp. 

East  Varick p.h. 

East  Vassalboraugh.p.v. 

East  Victor v. 

Eastville v. 

Eiist  Vincent tp. 

East  Washington. ..p.v. 

East  Waterford p.v. 

East  Waterloo tp. 

East  Waverly v. 

East  Weare p.v. 

East  Whcatfield  i...tp. 

Ea.st  Whiteland tp. 

East  Williamson. ..p.h. 

East  Wilton p.v. 

East  Wilton v.: 

East  Windsor „p.tp. 

East  Windsor tp. 

East  Woodstock p.v. 

Eaton p.v. 

Eaton p.tp. 

Eaton tp. 

Eaton tp. 

Eaton p.tp, 

Eaton tp. 

Eaton p.v. 

Eaton p.tp. 

Eaton tp. 

Eaton tp. 

Eaton tp. 

Eaton  Rapids tp. 

Eivton  Rapids p.v. 

Eatonton p.v. 

Eatontown tp. 

Eatontown p.v. 

Eau  Claire c. 

Eau  Galle p.tp 

Eau  Galle tp. 

Eau  Plelne tp. 

Ebenezer „tp. 


County. 


Knox 

Fairfield , 

Morgan , 

Multnomah... 

Rutland 

York , 

Bedford 

Providence.... 
Providence... 
Cattaraugus.. 

Orange 

Summit , 

Franklin 

Belmont 

Pickaway 

Page 

Columbiana... 

Queens 

Bennington  .. 

Saginaw 

Bedford 

St.  Clair 

Juniata 

Essex 

Barnstable ... 

Essex 

Suffolk 

Otsogo 

Clark 

.Jefferson 

Erie 

Schuyler 

St.  Lawrence. 

Norfolk 

Monroe 

Hancock 

Union „„. 

Oxford 

Cheshire 

Onondaga. 

Westchester... 

Iosco 

Lehigh 

Orange 

Chester 

Bradford 

Walworth ..... 
Walworth.... 

Blair 

Noble 

Wayne 

Schuylkill.... 

Seneca , 

Kenuebec 

Ontario 

Plymouth 

Chester 

Sullivan 

Juniata 

Black  Hawk 

Tioga 

Hillsborough 

Indiana 

Chester 

Wayne 

Franklin 

Hillsborough 

Hartford 

Mercer 

Windliam 

Delaware 

Washington.. 

Eaton 

Carroll 

Madison 

Lorain 

Preble 

Wyoming^.... 

Brown 

Clark 

Manitowoc... 

Eaton 

Eaton 

Putnam 

Monmouth  ... 
Monmouth... 
Eau  Claire ... 

Dunn 

St.  Croix 

Portage 

Darlington.... 


State. 


Tenn 
Conn. 
Utah. 
Oregon. 

Vt 

Pa 

Pa. 

B.  I 

R.  I.... 
N.Y.... 

Vt 

Ohio.... 

Vt 

Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Iowa... 
Ohio.... 
N.Y„.. 

Vt 

Mich... 

Pa 

Ill 

Pa 

Mass..., 
Mass... 
Mass  .., 
N.  Y... 
N.Y.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 

Pa. 

N.Y.... 

N.Y 

Mass.... 

Pa 

Me 

N.  J 

Me 

N.  H.... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Mich... 

Pa 

Vt 

Pa , 

Pa 

Wis 

Wis 

Pa 

Ohio..... 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

N.  Y_.. 

Me 

N.  Y.... 
Msiss. ... 

Pa 

N.  H... 

Pa 

Iowa... 
N.  Y.... 
N.H... 

Pa 

Pa 

NY.... 

Me, 

N.H 

Conn.... 
N.  J .... 
Conn... 

Ind 

Me 

Mich... 
N.  H_.. 
N.  Y„... 

Ohio 

Ohio.... 

Pa 

Wis 

Wis , 

Wis 

Mich.... 

Mich.... 

Ga... 

N.J 

N.J. 

Wis. 

Wis. 

Wis 

Wis. 

S.  0. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


1,274 
2,6tl8 


13,225 


736 
"i*,431 


857 

1,805 

614 


1,9G1 
""913 


1,104 
1,222 


2,882 
2,383 


71 

1,138 

657 

3,690 

1,052 

1,748 

830 

358 

316 

1,468 

2,415 

1,221 

1,240 


2,203 
978 
535 
3:J3 
8G2 


149 

715 

165 

2,934 

732 

250 

1,503 

6,056 

263 

286 

147 

111 

86 

86 

178 

1,009 

150 

609 

40 

19,016 

1,114 

0,18.5 

64 

533 

257 

786 

684 

82 

148 

185 

102 

82 

86 

1,129 

1,102 

315 

260 

66 

178 

1,099 

61 

1,086 

238 

44 

845 

99 

1,407 

368 

279 

210 

2,048 

588 

62 

198 

106 

182 

1,252 

103 

168 

4,060 

191 

111 

937 

1,273 

96 

275 

824 

8,019 

2,271 

184 

208 

314 

1,217 

629 

3,799 

1,161 

2,143 

955 

686 

453 

1,524 

l,a36 

1,785 

1,371 

2,642 

525 

10,119 

1,154 

646 

598 

1.318 


Place. 


Ebenezer tp. 

Ebensburg p.b. 

Eberhardt ..p.v. 

Eberly'sMill p.h. 

Ebervale p.v. 

Echo p.v. 

Echo tp. 

Echo tp. 

Echo p.v. 

Eckford tp. 

Eckhart  Mines p.v. 

Eckley ....p.h. 

Eckley p.v. 

Eckmansville p.h. 

Economy p.v. 

Economy tp. 

Ecorce p.tp. 

Eddington p.tp. 

Eddington p.v. 

Eddystone v. 

Eddytown p.v. 

Eddyville p.v. 

Eddyvillo p.v. 

Eddyville p.v. 

Eddyville v. 

Eddyville v. 

Eddyville p.h. 

Eden tp. 

Eden p.h. 

Eden tp. 

Eden v. 

Eden p.h. 

Eden tp. 

Eden tp. 

Eden. tp. 

Eden tp. 

Eden tp. 

Eden p.'p. 

Eden tp. 

Eden tp. 

Eden tp. 

Eden tp. 

Eden v. 

Eden p.tp. 

Eden tp. 

Eden tp. 

Eden tp. 

Kden tp. 

Eden tp. 

Eden p.v. 

Eden v. 

Eden tp. 

Eden .tp. 

Eden tp. 

Eden tp. 

Eden .tp. 

Eden p.h. 

Eden tp. 

Eden p.h. 

Eden tp. 

Eden h. 

Edenburg b. 

Edenburg p.v. 

Eden  I.iake .....p.tp. 

Eden  Mills p.h. 

Eden  Prairie tp. 

Eden  ton tp. 

Edenton p.v. 

Edenton p.v. 

Edenville„ tp. 

Edenville p.h. 

Eden  ville- p.v. 

Edenville_ h. 

£de8ville.„ p.v. 

Edford tp. 

Edgar tp. 

Edgar p.h. 

Edgar p.v. 

Edgar  Springs p.h. 

Edgartowu' p.tp. 

Edgecomb p.tp. 

Edgefield  C.  H p.v. 

Edgefield  Junction  .p.v. 

Edge  Hill p.v. 

Edgemont p.tp. 

Edge  Moor v. 

Edgerton p.h. 

Edgerton p.v. 

Edgerton p.v. 

Edgerton p.v. 

Edgewater v. 


County. 


York 

Cambria. 

White  Pino 

Cumberland 

Luzerne 

Dale 

Antrim 

Yellow  Medicine. 

Summit 

Calhoun 

Alleghany 

Carroll 

Luzerne 

Adams 

Wayne 

Beaver 

Wayne 

Penobscot 

Bucks 

Delaware.- 

Yates 

Pope 

Wapello 

Lyon 

Ulster 

Washington 

Armstrong 

Alameda , 

Lincoln 

La  Salle 

Randolph 

Hancock 

Lagrange- 

Benton 

Carroll 

Clinton 

Decatur 

Fayette 

Marshall 

Sac 

Ness 

Sumner 

Martin 

Hancock 

Lake 

Mason 

Brown  

Pipe  Stone 

Erie 

Erie 

Delaware 

Licking 

Seneca 

Wyandot 

Lancaster 

Lamoille 

Lamoille 

Fond  du  Lac 

Fond  du  Lac 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Clarion 

Shenandoah 

Stearns.- 

Lamoille 

Hennepin 

Chowan 

Chowan 

Clermont 

Midland 

Midland 

Orange 

Wyandot 

Kent 

Henry 

Edgar 

Edgar 

Clay 

Phelps 

Dukes 

Lincoln 

Edgefield.- 

Davidson 

Montgomery 

Delaware 

New  Castle 

Pipe  Stone 

Platte 

Williams 

Rock 

Burlington ~.. 


State. 


S.  0 

Pa 

Nev 

Pa. 

Pa 

Ala 

Mich.... 
Minn... 
Utah.... 
Mich.... 

Md 

Ohio 

Pa 

Ohio 

Ind 

Pa 

Mich.... 

Me 

Pa. 

Pa 

N.  Y-... 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Ky 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Cal 

Dakota. 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa. ... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan  -... 

Ky 

Me 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn... 
Minn... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y..... 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Vt 

Vt 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Pa. 

Va 

Minn ... 

Vt 

Minn... 
N.  C  — 
N.  C-.- 

Ohio 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
NY-... 

Ohio 

Md 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Neb. 

Mo 

Mass.... 

Me 

S.  0 

Tenn.... 

Pa. 

Pa 

Del 

Minn... 

Mo 

Ohio 

Wis 

N.  J-... 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


2,157 
1,240 


1,011 


229 
1,324 
2,211 

776 


1,212 
386 


3,341 
'i',523 


985 

1,065 

927 

649 


2,270 


191 

782 

1,483 

1,42:J 

1,075 

958 


1,448 


676 

3,664 

1,243 

86 


948 
1,617 


1,610 

1,056 

846 


2,228 

l,l!$i 
1U2 
83 

1,108 
123 
406 
110 
ly 

1,118 

3U 

1,07P 

98 

249 

1,024 

2,648 

746 

100 

682 

148 

lU 

1,U9 

300 

617 

'''% 

206 

79 

1,111 

835 

596 

1,010 

1,187 

1,15* 

788 

480 

239 

308 

108 

1,629 

92 

689 

740 

13* 

2,363 

272 

150 

767 

1,698 

1,793 

1,250 

934 

35 

1,404 

83 

909 

65 

1,020 

478 

325 

65 

744 

3,055 

1,382 

2.')<J 

419 

60 

130 

60 

106 

1,022 

1,641 

89 

677 

48 

1,303 

872 

808 

143 

293 

643 

261 

80 

145 

782 

869 

169 


I  In  1880,  excIttsiTe  of  Armagh. 


>  Since  1870,  area  rednced. 


287 


FOPphATJf^^  OF  THE  CITIES,,  TQWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETUENS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


FbM, 


K(lg«water............T. 

Sdl^wood M»....P'T- 

Sdgewood p.r. 

Bdgewood p.h. 

Xdgewood t. 

Xdgington tp. 

Xdgington p.r. 

Edina p.v. 

Xdinborough p.b. 

Sdinbiirg. 


Edinburg... 
Xdlnburg... 
Xdiuburg... 
Xdlnbui-g..c 
Sdinbiirg. . 


..p.r. 

..p.v. 

..tp. 

..p.T. 

.h. 

.p.tp. 


..p.tp, 
,.p.T, 
,.p.h 


Xdinburg tp. 

Xdinburg ^ p.r. 

Edlnburg p.v. 

Ediaun ^ p.r. 

Xdisto tp. 

Edmeston tp. 

Edmeaton p.r. 

Edmonton p.r. 

^more p.r. 

Edraunds tp. 

Edna ....tp. 

Edna p.h. 

Edna  Mills.. p.h. 

EdneyvIIIe. 

Edoo 

Edrfty 

Edaon p.tp. 

Edwards tp. 

Edwards.- tp. 

Edwards tp. 

Edwards p.T. 

Edwards tp. 

Edwardsburg p.v, 

Edwards  Depot p.v. 

Edwards  Ferry p.h. 

Edwardsport p.v, 

Edwiirdsville p.v. 

Edwardsville tp. 

Edwardsville p.v. 

EdwardsTille p.h. 

Edwardsvillo p.v. 

gwardsville v. 
1 tp. 

Eel  River p.tp. 

Eel  River tp. 

Eel  River„ tp.] 

EfBngham ^..p.v. 

Effingham p.v. 

Effingham p.tp. 

Effingham tp. 

Effingham  Falls.. ..p. v. 

Efflngton tp. 

t:gaD ...p.h. 

Egg  Harbor tp. 

Egg  Harbor p.tp. 

Egg  Harbor  Clty....p.v. 

Eggleeton tp. 

Egremont...... tp. 

Egypt p.h. 

Egypt p.T, 

Egypt tp. 

Ehreoberg „..p.T. 

Eidsvold tp. 

Ela. tp. 

Elam p.h. 

Elamsvillo p.h. 

Elba p.T. 

Elba. tp. 

Elba. ...tp 

Elba.- p.tp. 

Elba. tp. 

Elba.- ..p.v. 

Elba~ p.tp. 

'Kiimi    ^ ._..p.li 

Elba.- ...p.h. 

Elba. tp. 

Slberton .^ p.v. 

Elbow  Lake ....p.tp. 

Eibridge .^....tp. 

Slbrldge h, 

Eibridge tp. 

Eibridge tp. 

Eibridge p.v. 

El  Bmno- v. 

EI  C^oD.- p.tp. 

£1  Cerro v. 

tl  Dara. p.v. 

Elder, tp. 


Ooanty. 


Richmond 

Effingham.,,. 

Clayton 

Harford 

Alleghany.... 
Rocic  Island- 
Itock  Island- 
Knox- 

Erie 

Christian 

Johnson 

Penobacot 

Orundy.- 

Monmouth ... 

Saratoga 

Portage 

Portage 

Lawrence-.,. 

Morrow- 

Orangebnrg.. 

Otsego 

Otsego , 

Metcalfe , 

Montcalm 

Washington- 
Cass , 

Labette 

Clinton 

Henderson..., 

Williams 

Pocahontas..,. 

Chippewa 

Ogemaw , 

Kandiyohi.... 
St.  Lawrence. 
St.  Lawrence., 

Wilkes 

Cass , 

Hinds , 

Montgomery.. 

Knox 

Cleburne 

Madison 

Madison 

Floyd 

Wyandotte ... 

Clark 

Casa 

Allen , 

Greene 

Hendricks..... 

Effingham , 

Atchison 

Carroll 

Darlington.... 

Carroll 

Otter  Tail ,. 

Moody 

Atlantic 

Door 

Atlantic ,. 

Muskegon 

Berkshire 

Chickasaw 

Monroe 

Yancey.- 

Yuma 

Lyon  - 

Lake 

Delaware.-.,,. 

Patrick 

Coffee 

Knox 

Gratiot 

Lapeer 

Winona 

Winona 

Genesee 

Washington-. 
Pittsylvania-. 

Dodge- 

Elbert 

Grant 

Edgar 

Edgar. 

Oceana 

Onondaga 

Onondaga 

San  Miguel.... 
San  Diego-..,, 
Rio  Arriba  „., 

Pike 

Cambria- 


SUte, 


N.Y- 

III 

Iowa. 
Md..., 
Pa.,... 

Ill 

Ill 

Mo.„. 
Pa.,,,. 

Ill 

Ind... 

Me 

Mo .... 
N.J., 
N.Y- 
Ohio,, 
Ohio- 
Pa 

Ohio- 
S.C.„. 
N.  Y„ 
N.  Y„ 

Ky 

Mich., 

Me 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Ind 

N.C.-... 

Ohio 

W.  Va.- 

Wis 

Mich..-. 
Minn ... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y.... 

N.  C 

Mich. ... 
Miss-,- 

Md 

Ind 

Ala 

Ill 

lU 

Ind 

Kan 

Ohio, .,. 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ill 

Kan . ... 
N.H.„. 

S.C 

N.H..., 
Minn  ,„ 

Dak. 

N.  J. 

Wis 

N.  J 

Mich.... 

Mass 

Miss 

N.  Y 

N.C 

Arizona 
Minn ... 

Ill 

Pa. 

Va 

Ala, 

Ill 

Mich.... 
Mich..., 
Minn ... 
Minn ... 
N,  Y-... 

Ohio 

Va 

Wig 

Ga 

Minn ... 

Ill 

Ill 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

K.  Mex. 

Cal 

N.  Mex. 

Ill 

Pa- 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


1,106 


807 
801 


1,799 
66 


1,405 
929 


1,744 
*"l46 


448 
307 


1,125 
"'231 


1,076 
i',556 


3,486 
2,193 


160 
1,2171 

501 
1,670 
2,383 


904 


3,585 
165 

1,311 
233 
931 


781 


1,277 


1,045 
323 

1,001 
681 


1,905 


1,496 


1,807 


624 

3,796 

463 


8,044 
252 
210 
41 
218 

1,178 
105 

1,156 
876 
651 

1,814 
46 
174 
71 

1,523 
910 
127 
305 
152 

1,035 

1,794 
361 
216 
704 
445 
633 
26 
54 

1,515 
613 
40 
882 
300 
163 

1,082 
379 

1,906 
500 
431 
30 
777 
2C7 

4,133 

2,887 

95 

106 

129 

221 

1,287 
336 

1,998 

3,065 
187 
865 

1,160 

109 

312 

23 

4,075 
730 

1,232 
218 
875 
95 
151 
825 
248 
378 

1,412 
23 
42 
222 
002 
734 

1,272 

754 

98 

1,968 
75 
63 

1,341 
927 
375 

1,746 
79 
833 

4,087 
610 
139 
671 
228 
307 
679 


Place, 


Elder's  Ridge- p.h. 

Eldersvllle p.v. 

Elderton p.b. 

Elderville p.h. 

Eldon p.v. 

Eldora tp. 

Eldora p.v. 

Eldora tp. 

Kl  Dorado v. 

Kl  Dorado p.v. 

El  Dorado h. 

El  Dorado p.v, 

£1  Dorado tp. 

El  Dorado tp. 

El  Dorado p.v. 

El  Dorado tp. 

El  Dorado p.v. 

El  Dorado tp. 

El  Dorado _ p.T, 

El  Dorado tp. 

El  Dorado p.T, 

EI  Dorado p.tp. 

Eldred tp. 

Eldred tp, 

Kldred tp, 

Eldred.- p.b. 

Eldred tp. 

Eldred tp, 

Eldred tp, 

Eldridge p.h. 

Eleroy p.h. 

Elevation p.tp. 

Elgin p.v, 

Elgin c, 

Elgin tp. 

Elgin p.v. 

Elgin p.h. 

Elgin tp. 

Elgin p.h. 

Elgin tp. 

Elgin p.v, 

Elgin b. 

Elgin p.v, 

Elida p.v. 

El  imsport p.v, 

Eliza p.tp, 

Elizabeth p.h. 

Elizabeth.. tp. 

Elizabeth p.v, 

Elizabeth p.v, 

Elizabeth tp, 

Elizabeth c, 

Elizabeth tp. 

Elizabeth tp. 

Elizabeth p.b. 

Elizabeth tp. 

Elizabeth tp, 

Elizabeth tp, 

Elizabeth p,v, 

Elizabeth  City tp, 

Elizabeth  City c, 

Eliza  bothtown v, 

Elizabeth  town p.v, 

Elizabeth  town p.v, 

Elizabeth  town p.v. 

Elizabethtown p.h. 

Elizabeth  town h. 

Elizabethtown p.v. 

Elizabethtown tp. 

Elizabethtown p.v. 

Elizabethtown tp, 

Elizabethtown p.T. 

Elizabethtown p.b, 

Elizabethtown p.v, 

Elizaville 

Elk 

Elk 

Elk , 

Elk , 

Elk 

Elk ^ 

Elk „ 

Elk 

Elk 

Elk 

Elk 

Elk 

Elk 

Elk 


Elk 

Elk 

Elk 

£1  Kader... 


.-p.v. 

...tp. 

..tp. 

...tp. 

...tp, 

.,tp. 

..tp. 

..tp. 

..tp. 

...tp. 

...tp. 

...tp. 

..p.tp. 

...tp. 

..tp. 


.tp, 
..tp, 
.tp. 

..p.T. 


County. 


Indiana 

Wa«hington-. 

Armstrong .... 

Hancock 

Waiiello 

Hardin 

Hardin 

Surry- 

Ileiiton 

Union 

Calaverns 

El  Dorado 

McDonough  -. 

Saline 

Saline , 

Itentun 

Fayette 

Butler 

Butler 

Montgomery.. 

Preble 

Fond  du  Lac.. 

Jefferson 

Lycoming 

McKean 

McKean 

Monroe 

Schuylkill 

Warren 

Scott 

Stephenson.,., 

Johnston 

Jackson 

Kane 

Kane 

Fayette 

Lyon 

Plymouth 

Chautauqua... 

Wabasha 

Wabasha 

Erie 

Bastrop 

Allen 

Lycoming-.,,, 

Mercer , 

Fulton 

Jo  Daviess 

Jo  Daviess 

Harrison 

Otter  Tail 

Union- 

Lawrence 

Miami 

Alleghany- 

Alleghany 

Lancaster 

Orangeburg 

Wirt 

Pasquotank- 
Pasquotank 

Lawrence 

Hardin 

Bartholomew., 

Hardin 

Otter  Tail 

Monroe.- 

Colfax 

Essex 

Essex 

Bladen 

Bladen 

Lancaster 

Carter 

Fleming 

.Jackson 

Buena  Vista-.. 

Clayton 

Delaware 

Cloud 

Lake 

Sanilac 

Nobles 

Stoddard 

SVatauga 

Wilkes 

Noble 

Vinton 

Cliester— 

Clarion 

Tioga 

Warren- 

Clayton- 


State. 


Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Ill 

Iowa... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa... 

N.  C 

Ark  „.. 
Ark.... 

Cal 

Cal 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

luwa... 
Iowa... 
Kan-.. 
Kan  „.. 

N.C 

Ohio.... 

Wi« 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Iowa... 

Ill 

N.  C„.. 

Ark 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa. .. 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Kan  -.. 
Minn .. 
Minn  .. 

Pa- 

Tex 

Ohio.... 

Pa 

Ill 

Ark 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Minn... 
N.J-.. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.,.. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

S.C 

W.Va.. 

N.  C 

N.  C 

Dak 

Ill 

Ind 

Ky 

Minn... 

Mo 

N,  Mex 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.C 

N.  C 

Pa. 

Tenu..., 

Ky 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Mich..- 
Mich.... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

N.  C 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Iowa.... 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Flaoe. 


Elk  City p.v. 

Klk  City ?.▼. 

Elk  City p.h. 

Elk  Creek tp. 

Elk  Creek tp. 

Elk  Creek p.h. 

Elk  Creek p.tp. 

Elk  Falls tp. 

Elk  Falls p.T. 

Elk  Fork> tp. 

Elk  Grove  tp. 

Elk  Grove tp. 

Elk  Grove p.h. 

Elkhart tp. 

Elkhart p.v. 

Elkhart p.v. 

Elkhart..... tp. 

Elkhart tp. 

Elkhart tp. 

Elkhart tp. 

Elkhart p.h. 

Elkhorn tp. 

Elkhorn tp. 

Elkhorn p.v, 

Elkhorn tp. 

Elkhorn tp. 

Elkhurn tp. 

Elkhorn tp. 

Elkhorn tp. 

Elkhorn v. 

Elkhorn p.v. 

Elkhorn  Grove p.tp. 

Elkin p.v, 

Elk  Lake tp. 

Elkland tp. 

Elkland tp. 

Elkknd p.v, 

Elk  Lick tp. 

Elkniotit p.v. 

Elk  Mound p.tp. 

Elko p.v, 

Elko p.v. 

Elk  Point p.v. 

Elkport p.v. 

Elk  Trairie tp. 

Elk  Kapids tp. 

Elk  liapida p.v. 

Elk  Ridge  Landing. p.v. 

Elk  River tp. 

Elk  River. h. 

Elk  River fp. 

Elk  River p.v. 

Elk  River tp. 

Elk  Run tp. 

Elkton p.v. 

Elkton ,..p.v. 

Elktou p.h. 

Elkton p.h. 

Elkton p.h. 

Ell tp. 

Ellaville p.v. 

Elleubo  rough p.v, 

EUenborough p.tp. 

Elleuburg p.tp. 

Ellendale tp. 

Ellenton p.v, 

Ellenville p.v. 

Ellerslio p.v. 

Ellery p.tp. 

EllettsvIUe p.v. 

Ellicott c. 

Ellicott tp. 

Ellicottvillo tp. 

EUicottville p.v. 

EUijay p.v. 

EUijay tp. 

Ellington tp. 

Ellington _ p.v. 

Ellington tp. 

Ellington „ p.tp. 

Ellington „ tp. 

Ellington p.tp 

Ellington p.tp 

Ellington tp. 


County. 


Ellington.... 

Ellington ^ 

Ellinwood 

Elliot 

Elliota 

Elliott 

Elliott 


....p.v. 

....tp. 

...p.v, 

...p.tp, 

,...p.h. 

...p.tp. 

...p.v, 


Montgomery .. 

Clarion 

Barbour 

Jasper 

Wright , 

Johnson , 

Erie 

Elk 

Elk 

Pettis 

Cook 

Lafayette.™.... 

Lafayette 

Logan 

Logan 

Elkhart 

Elkhart 

Noble 

Polk 

Bates 

Anderson 

San  Joaquin .. 

Brown 

Washington... 

Plymouth 

Webster 

Lincoln 

McDonald 

Warren 

Douglas 

Walworth 

Carroll 

Surry 

Grant 

Tuscola 

Sullivan 

Tioga 

Somerset 

Limestone 

Dunn 

Elko 

Barnwell 

Union 

Clayton 

Jefferson 

Antrim 

Antrim 

Howard 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Sherburne...,, 

Sherburne 

McDonald , 

Columbiana.., 

Todd 

Cecil 

Hickory 

Columbiana.., 

Giles , 

Hancock 

Schley , 

Ritchie 

Grant 

Clinton 

Alexander...., 

Aiken 

Ulster 

Alleghany...., 
Chautauqua.., 

Monroe 

Howard 

Chautauqua.., 
Cattaraugus.. 
Cattaraugus.., 

Gilmer 

Macon 

Tolland 

Tolland- 

Adams 

Hancock 

Palo  Alto 

Tuscola 

Dodge 

Chautauqua.. 
Chautauqua.. 
Outagamie ... 

Barton 

York 

Fillmore 

San  Joaquin. 
Ford 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Kan..., 

Pa 

W.  Va 
Iowa.. 
Mo .... 
Neb.... 

Pa 

Kan ... 
Kan... 

Mo 

Ill 

Wis..,. 
Wis.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind..., 

Ind.,., 

Ind.... 

Iowa.... 

Mo.... 

Tox... 

Cal ... 

HI 

HI 

Iowa, 
Iowa, 

Kan 

Mo 

Mo 

Neb 

Wis 

Ill 

N.  C 

Minn.... 
Mich.... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Ala 

Wis 

Nev 

S.  C 

Dakota. 
Iowa.... 

Ill 

Mich.,,. 
Mich.... 

Md 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Minn... 
Minn... 

Mo 

Ohio 

Ky 

Md 

Mo 

Ohio .... 
Tenn ... 
Iowa.... 

Ga 

W.  Va„ 

Wis 

N.  Y 

N.  C — 

s.  c 

N.  Y 

Md 

N,  Y 

Ind 

Md 

N,  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ga. 

N.  C 

Conn  ,.. 
Conn ... 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Mich.... 
Minn... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Wis 

Kan 

Me 

Minn... 

Cal 

UU 


1,180 


1,462 


2,404 
1,120 
1,377 


1,325 
378 
3,265 
1,477 
1,641 
744 


1,428 

1,150 

160 


2,479 


1,205 
662 


511 
705 
332 
101 


433 


1,175 
370 


1,296 


1,3.35 

956 

1,797 


803 
3,042 


1,616 


1,722 

6,679 

1,833 

679 


525 
1,452 


2,298 
342 


452 
258 

1,566 
314 

1,248 


1,769 


383 
382 

48 

1,221 
549 
139 

1,564 

1,367 
513 

1,050 

1,201 
959 
51 

1,623 
393 

6,953 

1,590 

1,658 
961 
632 
.30 

1,957 

1,431 
167 
214 
531 

1,009 

1,032 

2,608 
113 

1,122 
580 
137 
208 

1,249 
879 
470 

1,601 
233 
588 
752 
149 
719 
243 

1,162 
741 
620 
448 

1,271 

63 

260 

635 

686 

1,457 
874 

1,752 
33 
92 
87 
164 
182 
144 
777 

3,162 

1,062 
94 

2,750 
126 

1,555 
685 

1,784 
10,842 

1,949 
748 
200 
689 

1,569 
242 

2,304 
594 
176 
687 
607 

1,602 
371 

1,377 
352 

1,640 
71 

2,047 
172 


Place. 


Elliott tp. 

Elliott p.v. 

Elliott p.v, 

Elliottsburg p.h. 

EUiottstowu p.h, 

Elliottsville v. 

Ellis tp, 

Ellis tp. 

Ellis p.v. 

Ellisburg p.h, 

Ellisburg tp. 

Ellisburg p.v, 

Ellisdale p.h. 

Ellison p.tp. 

EUisville tp. 

Ellisville p.v. 

EUisville p.h. 

Ellsborough tp. 

Ellsworth p.h. 

Ellsworth p.v. 

Ellsworth tp. 

Ellsworth tp. 

Ellsworth tp. 

Ellsworth p.v. 

Ellsworth c. 

Ellsworth p.h. 

Ellsworth tp. 

Ellsworth tp. 

Ellsworth tp. 

Ellsworth V. 

Ellsworth p.tp, 

Ellsworth tp. 

Ellsworth p.v. 

Elm tp. 

Elm tp. 

Elm tp. 

Elma tp. 

Elma p.v. 

Elm  Creek p.tp. 

Elm  Creek tp. 

Elm  Creek tp. 

Elm  Creek  2 tp. 

Elm  Creek tp. 

Elmdale h. 

Elmendaro tp. 

Elmer p.tp. 

Elmer tp. 

Elmer p.v. 

Elm  Grove tp. 

Elm  Grove tp. 

Elm  Grove tp. 

Elm  Grove tp. 

Elm  Grove p.v. 

Eluihurst p.v. 

Elmira tp, 

Elniira p.v. 

Elmira tp. 

EJmira p.v. 

Elmira tp. 

Elmira tp. 

Elmira c. 

Elmira. tp. 

Elmo tp. 

Elmo h. 

Elmo p.h. 

El  Monte p.tp, 

Elmore p.h, 

Elmore tp. 

Elmore p.tp, 

Elmore p.v. 

Elmore ..p.tp. 

Elm  Point p.h. 

Elm  Springs p.h. 

Elm  Store p.h. 

Elmwood tp. 

Elmwood p.v. 

Elmwood p.v. 

Elmwood  * tp. 

Elmwood p.tp. 

Elmwood tp. 

Elmwood .....p.h. 

Elmwood p.h. 

Elmwood  Place p.v. 

£1  Paso p.T. 

El  Paso tp. 

El  Paso c. 

El  Paso p.T. 

El  Paso tp. 

El  Paso p.h. 

El  Rancbo t. 

El  Bio ..p.T. 


County. 


Louisa 

Montgomery  , 

Randolph 

Perry 

Effingham 

Jefferson 

Hardin 

Ellis 

Ellis 

Camden 

JeffBi-son 

.lefferson 

Monmouth..., 

Warren 

Fulton 

Fulton 

Jones 

Murray 

Logan , 

McLean 

Emniett , 

Hamilton , 

Ellsworth 

Ellsworth 

Hancock 

Middlesex 

Lake 

Meeker 

Grafton 

Jackson 

Mahoning 

Pierce 

Pierce 

Wayne 

Allen 

Putnam 

Erie 

Erie 

Marshall 

Morris 

Republic 

Saline 

Martin 

Chase 

Lyon 

Sanilac , 

Pipe  Stone ... 

Salem 

Tazewell 

Calhoun 

Louisa 

Lalietto 

Ohio 

Du  Page 

Solano 

Solano 

Stark- 

Stark 


Olmsted 

Chemung 

Chemung , 

Otter  Tail 

Nodaway- 

Grant 

Los  Angeles.., 

Elmore 

Daviess 

Faribault , 

Ottawa 

Lamoille 

Bond 

Wasliington. , 

Randolph 

Peoria 

Peoria 

Plymouth 

Leelenaw...... 

Tuscola. 

Saline 

Saline 

Cass 

Hamilton 

White 

AVoodford 

Woodford 

EI  Paso 

Pierce 

Pierce 

Bernalillo. 

San  Diego 


State. 


Iowa..., 
Iowa... 

Mo 

Pa 

Ill 

Ohio.... 
Iowa... 
Kan  „.. 
Kan .... 

N.  J 

N.Y 

N.Y.... 

N.  J 

Ill 

HI 

HI 

Miss.... 
Minn.., 
Ark-.,. 

Ill 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Kan .... 
Kan-.. 

Me 

Mitss... 
Mich... 
Minn  .. 
N.  11.... 

Ohio 

Ohio.... 

Wis 

Wis 

Ill 

Kau„.. 

Mo 

N.  Y-.. 
N.Y-.. 
Kan .... 
Kan  -.. 
Kan-.. 
Kan-.. 
Minn .. 
Kan-.. 
Kan .... 
Mich.., 
Minn .. 

N.  J 

Ill 

Iowa... 
Iowa,.. 
Kan .... 
W.  Va- 
in  

Cal 

Cal 

Ill 

HI 

Mich... 
Minn.., 
N.  Y-.. 
N.  Y-.. 
Minn .. 

Mo 

Wis , 

Cal 

Ala 

Ind 

Minn  ... 

Ohio 

Vt 

HI 

Ark 

Ark 

Ill 

Ill 

Mass- 
Mich... 
Mich..., 

Mo , 

Mo , 

Neb 

Ohio 

Ark 

Ill 

Ill 

Tex 

Wis 

Wis 

N.Mex. 
Cal. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


4,822 


1,2.58 
ti67 


186 
448 


6,257 


C52 
747 


1,640 

2,827 

165 


1,109 
188 


347 
1,072 


701 
329 


1,108 


1,055 
16,86;$ 
1,190 


1,264 


866 

470 

1,131 

637 


2,410 
1,476 


b3f> 

3C9 

1,538 


852 

1,564 

704 

248 


414 

177 
113 
137 
86 
118 
674 

1,198 
6S9 
66 

4,810 
222 
49 

1,041 
045 
260 
37 
116 
43 
168 
76 
803 

1,378 
^29 

6,052 
90 
252 
499 
209 
152 
715 

1,502 
432 

1,085 
o;jo 

2,371 

2,556 
108 
387 
931 
669 
457 
107 
95 

1,444 
259 
125 
345 

1,431 
271 
651 

1,096 
236 
723 
816 
240 
978 
840 
225 
656 
20,641 

1,986 
177 
87 
41 

1,313 
106 

1,073 
439 

1,044 
682 
46 
83 
47 

2,430 

1,504 
379 
438 

1,054 

2,297 
67 
38 
136 
144 
821 

1,390 
736 
690 
43 
400 
114 


1  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced. 


>  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced. 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


289 


POPDLATIQN   OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CBNSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Mm*. 


BroT « »..p.T. 

KiMh tp. 

SImU ....p.T. 

Kliie p.T. 

XUinborougb^ tp. 

Elsitiore p.tp. 

EUtoD  Station p.r. 

XWastoa p.r. 

Slrlra........ p.tp, 

El  win p.>i. 

EI  wood.. tp. 

Xlwood. p.v. 

Biwood. p.T. 

KIwood p.T. 

Elwood. tp. 

El  wood p.T. 

El  wood p.r. 

Sly' tp- 

«ly...,„ tp. 

Ely p.r. 

Ely  Station p.h. 

Elyrla tp. 

Elyrla p.r. 

Elysburg p.r, 

Elysiitn tp. 

Elysian p.r, 

Elysian  Fieldi p.h. 

Elysville r. 

Elyton p.r. 

EmuiiB p.b. 

Einbarrss tp. 

Embamu. ph. 

Embdeh p.tp. 

Embudo p.r. 

Emden p.r, 

Emerald p.tp. 

Emerald ». tp. 

Emorald p.tp. 

Emerald  Grore p.r. 

Emerickrille p.h. 

Emerson.„ p.r,' 

Einerson.« tp. 

Emerson p.h. 

Emigrant  Gap p.r. 

£migsrillA.„ p.b. 

Eminence tp. 

Eminence p.r. 

Eminence tp. 

Eminence p.r. 

Eminence ......tp. 

Eminence p.h. 

Emison  Station p.h. 

Emlenton p.b. 

Emma tp. 

Emma tp. 

Emmariile p.b. 

Emmett tp. 

Emmett p.tp. 

Emmett tp. 

Emmett tp. 

Emmett p.tp. 

Emmett tp. 

Emmett tp. 

Emmettsburg tp. 

Emmettsburg p.r. 

Enimittsburg  „ p.r. 

Emmons.. „ tp. 

Bmmonsburg p.h. 

Eniory™ „ tp. 

Empire. tp. 

Empire tp. 

Empire- b. 

Empire tp. 

Empire p.tp. 

Empire p.T. 

Empire » p.tp. 

Empire tp. 

Empire. tp. 

Empire p.tp. 

Empire  City ~..p.r. 

Empire  City p.T. 

Emporia ..» c. 

Emporia tp. 

Emporium ~ p.b. 

Emsworth .^....p.r. 

Enfield ....p.tp. 

Enfleld. tp. 

Enileld- p.r. 

Enfield .p.tp, 

Enfleld .^..p.tp, 

Enfield. p.tp. 


County. 


Juneaa.. 

Jersey 

Jersey 

Clinton 

Salem 

Allen „ 

Cole 

Hancock 

Johnson 

Macon 

Vermilion- 

Will 

Madison 

Clinton 

Barbour 

Doniphan- 

Atlantic 

Marquette 

Orange 

Orange.- 

Marion , 

Lorain 

Lorain 

Northumberland, 

Le  Sueur , 

Le  Suour , 

Harrison 

Howard , 

Jefferson 

Leliigh 

Kdgar 

Waupaca 

Somerset 

Kio  Arriba. 

Logan 

Faribanlt , 

Paulding 

St.  Croix 

Rock 

JofTerson 

Mills 

Gratiot 

Marion 

Placer 

York 

Logan 

Morgan 

Woodson , 

Henry 

Shannon 

Shannon 

Knox 

Venango 

White 

Harvey 

Fulton 

McDonongh 

Kmmett 

Vuttawatomie 

Calhonn 

St.  Clair 

Renville 

Do<lge 

Palo  Alto 

Palo  Alto.. 

Frederick 

Davidson 

Fulton 

Stanislaus 

Stanislaus. 

McLean 

Whiteside 

Ellsworth 

McPherson 

Christian 

Leelenaw 

Dakota » 

Andrew 

Fond  du  Lac 

Ciierokeo 

Ormsby 

Lyon 

Lyon „ 

Cameron 

Alleghany 

Hartford 

White 

White 

Penobscot 

Hampshire 

Orafton 


8Ut«, 


Wis-,.., 

Ill 

HI 

Mich..,. 

N.  J 

Kan  -„. 

Mo 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa..,, 
Kan. ., 
Kan.... 

N.  J 

Mich..., 

Vt 

Vt 

Mo 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Minn  ... 
Minn ... 

Tex 

Md 

Ala 

Pa 

Ill 

Wis 

Me 

N.  Mex, 

111 

Minn  .- 

Ohio 

Wis 

Wis 

Pa 

Iowa.... 
Mich.... 

Mo 

Cal 

Pa. 

Ill 

Ind 

Kan.-.,, 

Ky 

Mo 

Mo 

Ind 

Pa 

ni 

Kan 

Pa 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

K.in 

Mich..., 

Mid 

Slinn ... 

Wis 

Iowa .... 
Iowa.... 

Md 

N.  0 

N.  Y 

Cal 

Cal 

Ill 

Ill 

Kan 

Kan 

Ky 

Mich..,, 
Minn  „. 

Mo 

Wis 

Kan 

Not 

Kan 

Kan 

Pa 

Pa 

Conn  .., 

Ill 

Ill 

Me 

Mass.... 
N.  H .,., 


Popniatlon. 


1870,      1880, 


700 
452 


1,208 
'i',987 

"aio 


1,140 


4,076 
3,038 


477 
1,280 


80:t 
616 


748 
717 
200 


1,362 


325 
'488 


957 
232 


1,309 
960 


1,375 

316 

44 

700 

941 


843 
2,993 
2,133 


450 
995 


1,055 


2,108 

1,182 

898 


C,322 
2,426 


545 
l,02:j 
1,662 


063 

1,075 

250 

253 

670 

1,054 

108 

294 

1,165 

42 

2,009 

312 

761 

133 

181 

323 

326 

1,011 

1,876 

1,078 

62 

6,648 

4,777 

138 

837 

167 

95 

322 

700 

847 

1,305 

01 

674 

249 

143 

801 

990 

619 

130 

57 

456 

1,377 

80 

137 

94 

1,266 

238 

412 

1,(M3 

535 

91 

36 

1,140 

1,587 

528 

36 

1,952 

175 

522 

1,188 

1,480 

812 

1,263 

1,162 

879 

847 

1,097 

60 

347 

4,135 

2,341 

75 

3,134 

684 

200 

419 

608 

1,283 

1,065 

1,307 

348 

4,a'U 

2,525 

1,150 

335 

6,755 

2,125 

717 

489 

1,043 

1,080 


Place. 


Enfli'ld .tp. 

Knflold tp. 

Enfleld .p.r 

Englewood p.r, 

Englewood p.tp. 

English tp. 

English tp. 

English tp. 

English  Hirer tp. 

English  Itlrer tp. 

Ennis p.r. 

Ennisviile p.h, 

Enoch p.tp. 

Euochsburg p.h. 

Enoch  vlUe p.h. 

Enon - p.v. 

Enon p.h. 

Enon p.r. 

Enon  Valley p.r, 

Enosbnrg tp. 

Enosburg p.r. 

Ensley p.tp. 

Enterprise p.r. 

Enterprise p.h. 

Enterprise p.r. 

Enterprise tp. 

Enterprise tp. 

Enterprise p.r. 

Enterprise tp. 

Enterprise h. 

Enterprise h. 

Enterprise r. 

Enterprise p.r. 

Enterprise h. 

Ep«s  Station p.h. 

Ephraim p.v. 

Ephrata tp. 

Ephrata p.v, 

Epiiratah tp. 

Ephriitah p.v. 

Eppard's  Point tp. 

Epping p.tp, 

Epps tp. 

Epsom p.h. 

Epsom p.tp. 

Equality p.v. 

Equality tp, 

Ercildoun p.v. 

Erdal tp. 

Eriiard's  Grove tp. 

Ericson p.tp. 

Erie p.r. 

Erie tp. 

Erie p.v. 

Erie p.h. 

Erie tp. 

Erie tp. 

Erie p.r. 

Erie , tp. 

Erie , p.tp, 

Erie tp. 

Erie p.tp. 

Erie tp, 

Erie c. 

Erieriile p.r. 

Erin....- tp. 

Erin tp. 

Erin tp. 

Erin tp. 

Erin p.tp. 

Erin p.r, 

Erin tp. 

Erin  Prairie tp. 

Errienna tp. 

Errol p.tp. 

Ervin p.tp. 

Erving tp. 

Erving p.r, 

Erwin p.tp. 

Erwinna p.h. 

Escalante p.r. 

Escanaba. tp. 

Escanaba. p.r. 

Esdaile p.r, 

Esmen tp. 

Esopus p.tp. 

Espe  ranee tp. 

Esperance p.v. 

Espy p.v. 

Essex tp, 

Essex p.v. 


County. 


Tompkins 

Halifax 

Halifax- 

Cook , 

Bergen 

Jersey 

Iowa 

Lucas 

Keokuk 

Washington 

Ellis..-. 

Huntingdon 

Noble , 

Franklin „., 

Rowan , 

Uullock , 

Perry 

Clark 

Lawrence 

Franklin , 

Franklin , 

Newaygo 

Volusia - 

Spencer , 

Dickinson 

Reno 

Jackson 

Clarke 

Linn 

Linn 

Preble 

Northumberland 

Warren 

Morgan 

Sumter 

San  Pete 

Lancaster 

Lancaster 

Fulton , 

Fulton 

Livingston 

Rockingham 

Rutler 

Dariess 

Merrimac- , 

Gallatin , 

Miller 

Chester , 

Grant 

Otter  Tail , 

Renville , 

Weld 

Whiteside , 

Whiteside , 

Lawrence. , 

Miami 

Neosho 

Neosho 

Sedgwick , 

Monroe 

Becker 

McDonald 

Ottawa 

Erie 

Madison 

Stephenson 

Hancock 

Macomb 

Rice 

Chemung 

Houston 

Washington 

St.  Croix 

Grundy 

Coos 

Howard 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Steuben 

Bucks 

Iron 

Delta, 

Delta 

Pierce 

Livingston 

Ulster 

Schoharie. 

Schoharie 

Columbia 

Middlesex 

Middlesex 


Stato, 


N.  T... 
N.  C... 
N.  C... 

Ill 

N.  J,„. 

Ill 

Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Tex.... 

Pa. 

Ohio... 
Ind.... 
N.  C... 
Ala  ..„ 
Miss.. 
Ohio... 

Pa 

Vt 

Vt 

Mich.. 
Fla  ... 
Ind.... 
Kan  .. 
Kan... 
Minn. 
Miss... 

Mo 

Mo.  ... 
Ohio... 

Pa 

Pa 

Utah.. 
Ala.... 
Utah.. 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  Y„. 
N.  Y.. 

Ill 

N.  H„. 

Mo 

Ind.... 
N.H. . 

Ill 

Mo 

Pa 

Minn . 
Minn  . 
Minn  . 
Col .... 

Ill 

HI 

Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Kan  .. 
Kan  „. 
Kan.. 
Mich.., 
Minn  . 

Mo 

Ohio.. 

Pa 

N.  Y.. 

HI 

Iowa. . 
Mich.., 
Minn  . 
N.  Y... 
Tenn.., 
Wis... 
Wis.... 

HI 

N.  H... 

Ind 

Mass.., 
Mass..., 
N.  Y..., 

Pa 

Utah.., 
Mich.., 
Mich.., 
Wis,..,, 

Ill 

N.  Y...: 
N.  Y..., 
N.  Y„., 

Pa, 

Conn  .. 
Conn,, 


290 


I  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced. 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF   THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   EETURNS   OF   1870  AND   1880   COMPARED. 


FlaRA. 


Essex tp. 

Kiwox tp. 

Kssex ~tp 

Kssex p.T 

I'iisex p.tp. 

Kimex tp. 

P^cx p.h. 

FjBsex p.tp. 

t^sex p.tp. 

Jiisox  Junction p.T. 

Kstliervillo tp. 

Estlicrville p.T. 

K.--tillville p.T. 

Ktna p.v. 

Ktiia p.li. 

Ktna tp. 

Ktna tp. 

Ktna tp. 

Etna h. 

Etna tp. 

Etna p.tp. 

Etna „p.v. 

Etna ..tp. 

Etna p.v. 

Etna p.b. 

Etna  Green p.v. 

Kttiick p.tp. 

Ettricks v. 

Enclico  Anna p.b. 

Euclid tp. 

Euclid p.h. 

Euclid tp. 

Euclid p.v. 

Eudora tp. 

Eudora p.v. 

Eufaula „ c. 

Eugcno tp. 

Eugene p.v. 

Eugene p.h. 

Eugene  City p.v. 

Euliarlee p.h, 

Kulalia tp. 

Euphemia. p.v. 

Eureka tp. 

Eureka c 

Eureka... « tp. 

Eureka v. 

Eureka tp. 

Eureka p.v. 

Eureka p.v. 

Eureka p.h. 

Eureka tp. 

Eureka tp. 

Eureka tp. 

Eureka .....tp. 

Eureka p.v. 

Eureka tp. 

Eureka tp. 

Eureka p.v. 

Eureka tp. 

Eureka tp. 

Eureka p.v. 

Eureka c. 

Eureka p  v. 

Eureka tp. 

Eureka p.v. 

Eureka  Mills p.v. 

Eureka  Springs p.v. 

Eurckaville p.h. 

Enstis tp. 

Eustis p.h. 

Eut.iw p.T. 

Evan tp. 

Evangeline  „ tp. 

Evans p.tp. 

Evans p.tp. 

Evansburg p.b. 

Evans'  Mills p.v. 

Evanspoi-t p.v. 

Evanston tp. 

Evanston p.v. 

Evanston p.v. 

Evansville p.v. 

Evansville p.v. 

Evansville c. 

Evansville p.tp. 

Evansville p.Ii. 

Evansville p.v. 

Evart tp. 

Evart p.v, 

Evarts tp. 


County. 


Kankakee.... 

Stark 

Porter 

rage 

Essex 

Clinton 

Stoddard  

Essex 

Cliittenden ... 
Chittenden... 

Enimett 

Enimett 

Scott 

Siskiyou 

Coles 

Logan 

Kosciusko 

Whitley 

Whitley 

Hardin 

Penobscot 

Scotland 

Licking 

Licking 

Alleghany.... 
Kosciusko..., 
Trempealeau 
Clicsterneld., 

Walton 

Polk 

Polk 

Cuyahoga 

Cuyahoga..... 

Douglas 

Douglas 

Barbour 

Vermilion 

Vermilion.... 

lUnggold 

Lane 

Bartow 

Potter....™.,. 

Preble 

Humboldt 

Humboldt...., 

Nevada 

Nevada 

Sierra 

San  Juan 

Woodford  .„... 

Spencer „ 

Adair 

Sac 

Barton 

Greenwood.., 
Greenwood... 

Mitchell 

Saline 

Clinton 

Montcalm 

Dakota 

St.  Louis 

Eureka 

Juab 

Polk 

Winnebago.., 

Plunuvs 

Carroll 

Jackson 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Greene 

Kingman 

Charlevoix ... 

Marshall 

Erie , 

Crawford 

Jefl'erson 

Defiance 

Cook 

Cook 

Uintah 

Washington.. 

Kandolpli 

Vanderburg.. 

Douglas 

Preston 

Kock 

Osceola 

Osceola 

Otter  Tail 


State. 


Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Mass .... 
Mich.... 

Mo 

N.Y 

Vt 

Vt 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Va 

Cal 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Me 

Mo 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Ind 

Wis 

Va 

Fla 

Minn ... 
Minn... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Kan ..... 

Kan 

Ala 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Oregon. 

Ga. 

Pa 

Ohio-... 

Cal 

Cal 

Cal 

Cal 

Cal 

Col 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn... 

Mo 

Nev 

Utah.... 

Wis 

Wig 

Cal 

Ark 

Ohio 

Me 

Me 

Ala 

Kan ..., 
Mich.... 

Ill 

N.  Y 

Pa 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ill 

HI 

Wy 

Ark 

Ill 

Ind 

Minn ... 
W.  Va„ 

Wig 

Mich.... 
Mich.  .. 
Minn... 


Population. 


990 

1,538 

!i28 


1,614 
1,501 


1,600 
2,022 


480 

Too 


920 

1,007 

429 


1,849 
844 

'i","224 
258 

1,447 
397 

1,214 


2,188 

ijUoi 


3,185 

1,396 

347 


107 
2,049 


1,249 
""35*6 
1,233 


90 

1,989 

2,593 

174 


191 
3,002 


21,830 
260 


1,043 

1,452 

167 

617 

1,670 

1,784 

77 

1,462 

2,104 

648 

356 

138 

165 

361 

84 

990 

1,076 

677 

86 

2,466 

895 

100 

1,166 

236 

2,334 

388 

1,656 

677 

78 

200 

07 

2,776 

699 

2,029 

672 

3,836 

1,341 

341 

29 

1,117 

24 

654 

260 

3,484 

2,639 

683 

224 

319 

123 

1,185 

96 

606 

361 

327 

1,994 

1,127 

407 

430 

208 

924 

895 

141 

4,207 

122 

695 

276 

370 

3,984 

86 

302 

74 

1,101 

383 

365 

1,777 

2,610 

1U7 

678 

292 

6,703 

4,4U0 

1,277 

153 

321 

29,280 

654 

87 

1,068 

1,077 

1,302 

117 


Place. 


Eveline p.tp, 

Eveline h. 

Evening  Shadeg p.v. 

Everett p.tp. 

Everett [up. 

Everett tp. 

Everett tp. 

Everett p.h. 

Everett p.b. 

Evergreen p.v. 

Evergreen p.v. 

Evergreen tp. 

Evergreen tp. 

Eversouville p.h. 

Everton p.v. 

Evesborough h. 

Evesham' tp. 

Evington p.v. 

Evona p.v. 

Ewart p.h. 

Swing tp. 

Ewing p.v. 

Ewing p.v. 

Ewing tp. 

Ewing p.h. 

Ewing'g  Neck .p.v. 

Ewington tp. 

Ewington p.h. 

Ewington v. 

Excello p.v. 

Excelsior tp. 

Excelsior tp. 

Excelsior tp. 

Excelsior p.v. 

Excelsior p.h. 

Excelsior v. 

Excelsior p.v, 

Excelsior p.v, 

Excelsior ....tp. 

Excelsior  City v. 

Exeter p.v, 

Exeter p.tp. 

Exeter tp. 

Exeter p.h. 

Exeter p.tp. 

Exeter p.v. 

Exeter tp. 

Exeter .„,.p.v. 

Exeter. tp. 

Exeter „....p.h. 

Exeter. tp. 

Exeter. p.tp. 

Exeter tp. 

Exeter p.tp, 

Exeter tp. 

Exeter  Mills p.h. 

Exira ..tp. 

Exira p.v. 

Exline p.h. 

Eyota tp. 

Eyota p.v. 

Ezbon p.tp. 

Ezel p.h. 

Fabins tp. 

Fabius tp. 

Fabius  *...... tp. 

Fubius tp. 

Fabius tp. 

Fabius tp. 

Fabius  „ p.v. 

Factory  Point p.v. 

Factory  Village  (Swan- 

zey) h. 

Factory  Village  (New 

Ip.swich) v. 

Factory ville. p  v. 

Faggert's tp. 

Fagundug p.v. 

Fnhlun tp. 

Fair tp. 

Fairbauk tp. 

Fairbank p.v. 

Fairbanks tp. 

Fairbanks p.v. 

Fairbanks tp. 

Fairbankg tp. 

Fair  Bluff tp. 

Fair  Bluff. p.v. 

Fairburn p.v. 

Fairbury p.v. 

Fairbury p.v. 


County. 


Cliarlevoix 

Buchanan 

Sharp.. 

Woodson , 

Middlesex 

Newaygo 

Cas.s 

Cass 

Bedford 

Conecuh , 

Avoyelles 

Montcalm 

Sanilac 

Linn 

Fayette 

Burlington 

Burlington 

Campbell 

Gentry 

Poweshiek 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Jackson 

Mercer 

Hocking 

Cumberland 

Jackson 

Gallia 

Dauphin 

Butler 

Dickinson  

Kalkaska 

Hennepin 

Hennepin 

Morgan 

Burke , 

Northumberland 

liichland 

Sauk 

Sebastian 

Scott 

Clay 

Penobscot 

Penobscot , 

Monroe 

Fillmore 

Rockingham 

Itockingham 

Otsego 

Otsego 

Berks 

Luzerne , 

Wyoming , 

Washington 

Green 

Penobscot 

Audubon 

Audubon 

Appanoose 

Olmsted 

Olmsted 

Jewell 

Morgan 

Davis 

St.  Jo8ei>h 

Knox 

Marion 

Schuyler 

Onondaga 

Onondaga 

Bennington 


Cheshire., 


Ilillsborougb. 
Wyoming-.... 

Cabarrus 

Warren 

Kandiyohi 

Platte 

Buchanan 

Buchanan 

Sullivan 

Sullivan 

Delta 

Shawano 

Columbus , 

Columbus , 

Campbell 

Livingston...., 
Jefferson 


Stete. 


Mich.... 

Mo 

Ark 

Kan 

Mass 

Mich.... 

Mo 

Mo 

Pa 

Ala 

La 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Mo 

Ind 

N.  J 

N.  J 

Va 

Mo 

Iowa.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

N.  J  „... 

Ohio 

N.J 

Minn ... 

Ohio 

Pa 

Ohio 

Iowa.... 
Mich.... 
Minn... 
Minn... 

Mo 

N.  C 

Pa 

Wis 

Wis 

Ark 

Ill 

Kan 

Me 

Me 

Mich.... 

Neb 

N.  H.... 
N.  H.... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

K.  I.„... 

Wig 

Me 

Iowa ... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Minn... 
Minn... 

Kan 

Ky 

Iowa.... 
Mich.... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y_... 

N.  Y 

Vt- 


N.  n.. 


N.  H.. 

I'a. 

N.  0-. 

Pa. 

Minn.. 
Mo .... 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Mich.. 

Wis 

N.  C... 
N.  C..., 

Ga 

Ill 

Neb.-.. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


294 


2,220 
231 
905 


657 
489 


149 
3,351 


1,224 

'2.477 


191 


1,424 
"l,067 
"3,437 
'l,25'6 


2,239 
742 
211 

1,462 
949 


426 
161 


1,140 


1,494 
1,277 
1,587 
1,908 
1,474 
2,047 
378 


1,238 
'l,234 


1,309 


305 
1,493 


654 

50 

280 

712 

4,1  .'i9 

784 

1,131 

57 

1,247 

985 

297 

1,411 

215 

91 

189 

74 

l,a>2 

140 

113 

49 

1,564 

no 

317 

2,412 

6:i 

339 
83 
85 

819 

lot 

13 

168 

513 

417 

55 

239 

265 

134 

1,109 

81 

291 

477 

1,274 

87 

1,822 

412 

3,509 

1,526 

1,353 

58 

2.469 

1,021 

151 

1,310 

893 

82 

1,547 

604 

34 

708 

404 

667 

47 

1,072 

1,298 

1,095 

1,857 

1,828 

2.06» 

405 

466 

77 

126 

462 

712 

181 

395 

1,275 

1,175 

223 

1,331 

HI 

669 

191 

1,807 

2U 

56:' 

2,140 

1,251 


*  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced. 


»  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


291 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PUm. 


Tairchild. ......tp. 

jrkirchild .....p.v. 

Fairfax^ p.U. 

F»IHkx tp. 

Fairfax.......... p.r. 

Fairfax. m tp. 

Fairfax. p.h. 

Fairfax ~.tp. 

Fairfax p.r. 

Fairfax  C.  a p.T. 

FalrnelJ h. 

Falrflald ▼. 

Falrfleldi p.tp. 

Fairfield tp. 

Falrfleld p.r. 

Fairfleld „ tp. 

Fairfield....... tp. 

Falrfleld p.T. 

Fairfield v. 

Falrfleld tp. 

Fairfleld........ tp. 

Falrfleld tp. 

Fairfleld tp. 

Falrfleld tp. 

Falrfleld tp. 

Fairfield tp. 

Fairfield c. 

Fairfield tp. 

Fairfield ~ p.T. 

Fairfleld tp. 

Fairfleld p.T. 

Fairfleld tp. 

Fairfield p.T. 

Fairfleld tp. 

Fairfleld p.tp. 

Fairfleld p.b. 

Fairfleld p.T. 

Fairfleld tp. 

Fairfield t. 

Fairfield tp. 

Fairfield p.T. 

Falrfleld p.tp. 

Fairfleld tp. 

Fairfield tp. 

Fairfield p.T. 

Fairfield tp. 

Fairfleld tp. 

Fairfleld tp. 

Fairfleld tp. 

Fairfleld tp. 

Fairfield p.T. 

Fairfield tp. 

Fairfield tp. 

Fairfield' tp. 

Fairfield p.T. 

Fairfield p.tp. 

Falrfleld p.T. 

Fairfleld p.h. 

Falrfleld tp. 

Falrfleld  Centre p.b. 

Fair  Forest tp. 

FairGroTe p.tp. 

Fair  GroTe p.h. 

Fair  IlaTen p.tp. 

Fairharen tp. 

Falrharen p.T. 

Fair  IlaTen- tp. 

Fair  Ilaren- p.r. 

Fair  Ilaren p.tp. 

Fair  Haven.. 
Fair  Haven.. 
Fairhaven... 
Fair  llavon.. 


County. 


..p.v. 

..p.T. 
.p.T. 
,.p.tp. 


Fair  Haven  East....b. 


Fairland 

Fairlee 

Fairlee 

Fairmont-.... 
Fairmount.-. 
Fairmount.- 
Fainnount... 
Fairmonnt... 
Fair  Mount- 

Fairmount tp. 

Fairmonnt p.T. 

Fairmonnt tp. 

Fairmount p.T. 

Fnirmount .....tp. 

Fairmount .....tp. 

Fairmount p.T. 

Fairmount t. 


.p.T. 

.p.T. 

p.tp. 

I'T. 

tp. 

p.T. 
p.T. 
p.T. 
p.T. 


Eaa  Claire. 

Eau  Claire 

Mouro«. 

Uun ..M 

Linn 

Oeage 

Highland.- 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Fairfax.- 

PickeiM , 

Solano 

Fairfleld. 

Bureau.- 

Wayne m... 

DeKalb 

Fmuklln 

Franklin 

Howard 

Tippecanoe , 

Bueiia  Viata.... 

Cedar- 

Fayette 

Grundy 

Jackson 

Jefferson 

Jefferaon 

Palo  Alto._ 

Nelson 

Somerset 

Somerset 

Lenawee 

Lenawee 

Sbiawuasee 

Swift 

Benton 

Clay 

Cumberland..... 

Middlesex 

Herkimer 

Herkimer 

Hyde 

Butler 

Columbiana-... 

Greene 

Highland 

Huron 

Madison 

Tuscarawas.-... 
Washington-... 

Adams 

Crawford 

Lycoming 

Westmoreland- 
Freestone- 

Franklin 

Bockbridge.-..., 

Book , 

Sauk „«...., 

De  Kalb , 

Spartanburg , 

Tuscola , 

Greene 

Carroll 

Bristol , 

Bristol , 

Huron , 

St.  Clair- 

Stearns— 

Cayuga 

Preble 

Alleghany 

Butland 

New  Haven , 

Shelby 

Kent .„... 

Orange , 

Fillmore , 

Martin 

Mai-tin 

Clarke 

Marion 

Gordon- 

Pike 

Vermilion 

Gi-ant 

Grant 

Butler 

Leavenworth.... 
Leavenworth.... 
Belmont „., 


Slate. 


Wis 

Wli 

Ind 

Iowa... 

Iowa. .. 

Kan.... 

Ohio-. 

Vt. 

Vt 

Va 

Ala 

Cal ..... 

Conn... 

Ill 

Ill 

lud..... 

Ind  .... 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa... 

Iowa... 

Iowa... 

Iowa... 

Iowa... 

Iowa... 

Iowa... 

Iowa... 

Ky. 

Me 

Me. 

Mich.... 

Mich 

Mich.... 

Minn ... 

Mo 

Neb 

N.  J. 

N.J 

N.  Y 

N.  T 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Tex 

Vt 

Va 

Wis 

Wis 

Ind 

S.  C 

Mich.... 

Mo 

Ill 

Mass... 
Mass.... 
Mich... 
Mich.... 
Minn ... 
N.  Y-.. 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Vt 

Conn.... 

Ind 

Md 

Vt 

Neb 

Minn..- 
Blinn.... 

Mo 

W.  Va.. 

Ga. 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Ohio 


Population. 


1870.      18S0, 


1,193 


84 
1,956 


329 
6,G45 

748 

719 
1,864 

845 


2.330 


764 

1,026 

720 

889 

3,866 

2,226 


167 
2.) 

T,725 


3,011 
'i',65'3 


1,145 

2,431 

2,652 

397 

2,565 

l,3;i2 

1,210 

781 

824 

268 

871 

479 

1,895 


2,391 


1,129 
028 


1,169 
2,626 


320 
632 


2,208 


1,120 


1,673 
337 


887 

sm 

24 

1,201 

182 

C74 

87 

1,820 

389 

370 

C5 

424 

8,748 

916 

1,:}91 

1,618 

817 

294 

192 

1,686 

234 

710 

1,3;J0 

8.34 

807 

4,221 

3,086 

168 

189 

3,044 

1,060 

2,230 

285 

900 

304 

4;i 

400 

3,215 

154 

1,666 

150 

1,089 

2,570 

3,178 

380 

2,470 

1,359 

1,653 

814 

731 

410 

929 

478 

1,6U 

358 

2,172 

123 

25 

744 

85 

1,730 

1,609 

72 

1,177 

2,875 

1,269 

974 

255 

420 

621 

281 

192 

2,211 

1,528 

367 

109 

469 

600 

386 

641 

221 

900 

92 

1,028 

5aJ 

1,802 

663 

619 

1,143 

138 

196 


Place. 


Fairmount ...T. 

Fairmount tp. 

Fairplains tp. 

Fair  Play p.h. 

Fair  Play p.T. 

Falrplay tp. 

Fairplay tp. 

Fair  Point p.h. 

Fairport p.T. 

Fairport p.T. 

Fairport t. 

Falrton p.T. 

Fairviow.- tp. 

Fairview tp. 

Fairvlew tp. 

Fairview p.T. 

Fairview.- tp. 

FairTiew.- tp. 

Fairview tp. 

Fairviow.- p.tp. 

Fairviow tp. 

Fairview.- tp. 

Fairview.- tp. 

Fairviow.- tp. 

Fairview.- tp. 

Fairview tp. 

Fairview.- tp. 

Fairview tp. 

Fairview tp. 

Fairviow h. 

Fal  rv  io  w.- p.h. 

Fairview.- tp. 

Fairview tp.  ' 

Fairview.- tp. 

Fairview tp. 

Fairview p.v. 

Fairview.- T. 

Fairview p.tp. 

Fairviow p.v. 

Fairview p.v. 

Fairview tp. 

Fairview b. 

Fairviow h. 

Fairview tp. 

Fairview p.b. 

Fairview.- h. 

Fairview.- v. 

Fairview tp. 

Fairview h. 

Fairview— tp. 

FaliTiew p.tp. 

Fair  VIow p.v. 

Fairview.- T. 

Fairview T. 

Fiilrview v. 

Falrville v. 

Fairville T. 

Fairville p.T. 

Faison's tp. 

Falcon p.T. 

Falkland.- tp. 

Falkvllle- p.h. 

Fall  Brook.. p.b. 

Fall  Creek p.tp. 

Fall  Creek tp. 

Fall  Creek tp. 

Fall  Creek tp. 

Fall  Creek tp. 

Fall  Creek T. 

Fall  Creek p.v. 

Falling  Creek p.tp. 

Fall  Leaf. p.h. 

Fallowfleld tp. 

Fallowfleld.- p.T. 

Fall  River tp. 

Fall  Kirer tp. 

Fall  River p.T. 

Fall  River tp. 

Fall  River c. 

Fall  River p.T. 

Fall  RlTor  Millg....p.T. 

Falls tp. 

Falls tp. 

Falls tp. 

Falls- tp. 

Falls- tp. 

Falls tp. 

Falls- tp. 

Falls  _.....« p.T. 

Fallsburg p.tp. 

Fallsburg p.tp. 


County. 


Clarion.- 

Luxerne 

Montcalm-... 
Kl  Dorado-... 

Park 

Greene 

Marion 

Goodhue 

Muscatine-... 

Monroe- 

Lake 

Cumberland- 
Yolo 

Bond 

Fulton 

Fulton 

Fayette- 

Allamakee ... 

Jasper 

Jones 

Monona 

Osceola 

Shelby , 

Barton 

Butler 

Jefferson 

Labette- 

Republic 

Russell , 

Todd 

Washington... 

Lyon 

Caldwell 

Henry 

Livingston .... 

Bergen 

Monmouth.,.. 

Buncombe 

Guernsey 

Harrison 

Butler 

BuOer. 

Cambria 

Erie 

Erie 

Franklin 

Luzerne 

Mercer 

Mercer 

York 

Greenville 

San  Pete 

Marion 

Taylor 

Wayne 

Richland 

Lancaster 

Wayne 

Duplin 

Nevada.- 

Pitt 

Morgan 

Tioga 

Adams 

Hamilton...... 

Henry 

Madison 

Yadkin 

Bradford 

Eau  Claire 

Lenoir 

Leavenworth., 
Washington-.. 
Washington-.. 

La  Salle , 

Greenwood...., 
Greenwood...., 

Wilson 

Bristol 

Columbia...... 

Shasta 

Cerro  Gordo.... 

Chase 

Sumner- , 

Hocking 

Muskingum.... 

Bucks 

Wyoming 

Wyoming , 

Sullivan.. 


State. 


Pa. 

Pa. 

Mich... 

Cal 

Col 

Ind 

Kan.... 
Minn  ., 
Iowa... 
N.  Y„.. 
Ohio..., 
N.  J... 

Cal 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa. .. 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Kan.... 
Kan.... 
Kan.... 
Kan.... 
Kan.... 
Kan.... 

Ky 

Md 

Minn.. 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  J 

N.  J.... 

N.  C 

Ohio... 
Ohio- 
Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

S.  C 

Utah..., 
W.  Va.. 
W.  Va.. 
W.  Va.. 

Ill 

Pa 

N.Y 

N.  C , 

Ark 

N.  C 

Ala 

Pa 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

N.  C 

Pa 

Wis 

N.  C„... 
Kan.... 

Pa 

Pa 

IlL 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Mass.... 

Wis 

Cal 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan-... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa. 

N.Y. 


Licking- Ohio.. 


696 

26,766 

259 


292 


I  Since  1870,  port  annexed  to  Bridgeport. 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES.' 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Fiillg  Church p.T. 

Fulls  City p.T. 

KiilU  City p.v. 

Kiills  Gore 1 

FiiUsiiigton  p.v. 

Kulls  linn  City p.T. 

Knllston p.h. 

FtiUston b. 

Fiillstown tp. 

Falls  Village p.T. 

Falmouth p.h. 

Falmouth p.v. 

Falmouth p.tp. 

Falmouth tp. 

Falmouth p.T. 

Falmouth p.h. 

Falmouth p.T. 

Falmouth p.T. 

Falun p.tp. 

Fancy  Creek tp. 

Fancy  Creek tp. 

Fandon p.h. 

Fannet tp. 

Fannettsburg p.T. 

Fannin p.v. 

Fanwood P-tp. 

Farber p.v. 

Fargo p.T. 

FariLiault c. 

Farina „.p.T. 

Farley p.T. 

Farley p.T. 

Farlinville p.h. 

Farmer tp. 

Fanner tp. 

Farmer tp. 

Farmer p.T. 

Farmer  City p.T. 

Farmer  City p.h. 

Farmers tp. 

Farmersburg T. 

Farmersburg p.tp. 

Farmer's  Creek tp. 

Farmerstown p.h. 

Farmersville p.h. 

Farmersville p.v. 

Farmersville tp. 

Farmersville p.v. 

Farmersville v. 

Farmersville p.v. 

Farmersville p.v. 

Farming tp. 

Farmiiigdale tp. 

Farniingdale p.v. 

Farmingdale p.v. 

Farmirigton p.tp. 

Fannington v. 

Farmington tp. 

Farmington p.T. 

Farmington tp. 

Farmington tp. 

Farmington tp. 

Farmington p.v. 

Farmington p.h. 

Farmington tp. 

Farmington tp. 

Farmington p.h. 

Farmington tp. 

Farmington p.v. 

Farmington tp. 

Farmington p.v. 

Fannington p.v. 

Farmington tp. 

Farmington p.v. 

Farmington p.tp. 

Farmington p.tp. 

Farmington p.tp. 

Farmington tp. 

Farmington p.v. 

Farmington tp. 

Farmington tp. 

Farmington tp. 

Farmington p.v. 

Farmington p.v. 

Farmington p.h. 

Farmington p.v. 

Farmington p.tp. 

Farmington tp. 

Farmington tp. 

Farmington tp. 

Farmington tp. 

Farmington  Falls..p.v. 
Farmland p.y. 


County. 


Fairfax 

Richardson.... 

Fayette 

Hocking 

Bucks 

Luzerne 

Harford 

Beaver 

Iredell 

Litchfield 

Rush 

Pendleton 

Cumberland... 
Barnstable.... 
Barnstable .... 

Missaukee 

Lancaster 

Stafford 

Saline 

Sangamon 

Riley 

McDonough... 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Rankin 

Union 

Audrain 

Cass 

Rico 

Fa3-ette 

Dubuque 

Platte 

Linn 

Rice 

Wabaunsee.... 

Defiance 

Defiance 

De  Witt 

Fremont 

Fulton 

Sullivan 

Clayton 

Jackson 

Holmes 

Posey 

Union 

Cattaraugus... 
Cattaraugus... 

Seneca 

Montgomery.. 

Collin 

Stearns , 

Kennebec  „.... 
Monmouth.... 

Queens 

Hartford 

Coles , 

Fulton 

Fulton , 

Jefferson 

Cedar 

Van  Buren...., 
Van  Buren.... 

Atchison 

Republic 

Rooks 

Graves 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Oakland 

Oakland , 

Dakoti... 

Olmsted 

St.  Franfois.-., 

Strafford  

Ontario 

Davie , 

Trumbull  „ 

Trumbull 

Clarion 

Tioga 

Warren 

Marshall 

Grayson 

Whitman 

Marion 

Jefferson 

La  Crosse 

Polk 

Washington.... 

Waupaca 

Franklin 

Randolph.. 


State. 


Va. 

Neb 

Pa 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa 

Md 

Pa 

N.  C 

Conn.... 

Ind 

Ky 

Me 

Mass.... 
Mass. ... 
Mich.... 

Pa 

Va 

Kan„... 

Ill 

Kan 

Ill 

Pa 

Pa 

Mi3s„... 

N.J 

Mo 

Dakota. 
Minn ... 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

JIo 

Kan  „... 

Kan 

Kan 

Ohio. 
Ohio., 

Ill 

Iowa. 

Ill 

Ind... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Ohio.... 

Ind 

La. 

N.  Y.... 
N.  Y.... 
N.  Y.... 
Ohio.... 

Tex 

Minn.. 

Me 

N.  J„.. 
N.  Y.... 
Conn... 

HI 

Ill™ 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa..., 
Iowa..., 
Kan.... 
Kan  „.. 
Kan.... 

Ky 

Me 

Me 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn .. 
Minn .. 

Mo 

N.  H... 

N.  y..... 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Tenn  ... 

Tex 

Wash... 
W.  Va. 

Wis 

Wig 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis.-... 

Me 

Ind 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


607 


614 
1,730 
2,237 


1,195 


4,103 
232 


1,184 


1,058 


1,236 
1,502 


272 
1,114 


312 
114 


2,616 
2,066 


850 
1,249 
1,439 

640 


219 


3,251 
T,927 


937 
393 
2,063 
1,896 
2,047 
1,056 


1,642 

997 

1,101 


85 
2,416 
1,622 

593 
1,885 

734 


632 


660 

1,683 

253 

445 

320 

158 

90 

560 

1,191 

3.38 

38 

967 

1,622 

2,422 

672 

39 

273 

262 

666 

1,299 

760 

16 

2,374 

295 

107 

1,167 

117 

2,693 

5,415 

318 

471 

120 

64 

876 

381 

1,302 

120 

1,289 

34 

1,255 

237 

1,087 

1,433 

45 

44 

712 

1,128 

116 

644 

794 

230 

286 

789 

882 

624 

3,017 

104 

2,104 

1,111 

935 

1,372 

1,681 

781 

46 

670 

610 

99 

3,353 

1,482 

1,840 

377 

688 

849 

608 

3,044 

1,978 

2,537 

1,152 

142 

2,185 

995 

1,149 

131 

142 

76 

179 

2,039 

1,686 

968 

1,770 

764 

158 

661 


Place. 


Farm  Ridge p.tp. 

Fannville tp. 

Farmville p.T. 

FarmTille p.v. 

Farm  well p.v. 

Farnnmsville p.v. 

Farragut p.T. 

Farrandsville p.T. 

Farwoll p.v, 

Faucctts tp. 

Faucetts tp. 

Fawn tp. 

Fawn tp. 

Fawn  Creek p.tp. 

Fawn  River p.tp. 

Faxon p.tp. 

Fayette tp. 

Fayette h. 

Fayette tp. 

Fayette tp. 

Fayette p.T. 

Fayette tp. 

Fayette p.tp. 

Fayette p.v. 

Fayette tp. 

Fayette p.v. 

Fayette p.T. 

Fayette p.tp. 

Fayette p.v. 

Fayette.... tp. 

Fayette tp. 

Fayette p.v. 

Fayette p.tp. 

Fayette  City p.b. 

Fayetteville ,v. 

Fayetteville p.v. 

Fayetteville p.v. 

Fayetteville p.v. 

Fayetteville v. 

Fayetteville p.h. 

Fayettevi  He p.T. 

Fayetteville p.T. 

Fayetteville c. 

Fayetteville p.v. 

Fayetteville p.v. 

Fayetteville h. 

Fayetteville p.v. 

Fayetteville p.v. 

Fayston tp. 

Fayville p.v. 

Fayville h. 

Fearing tp. 

Featherstone tp. 

Federal  Point tp. 

Federalsburg p.v. 

Feeder  Dam v. 

Feeding  Hills p.T. 

Feesburg p.T. 

Felchville v. 

Felicity p.T. 

Felix tp. 

Felix tp. 

Fell tp. 

Fellowsville p.h. 

Felton p.T. 

Felton p.T. 

Felt's  Mills p.T. 

Femme  Osage tp. 

Femme  Osage p.h. 

Fenner p.tp. 

Fenniraore tp. 

Fenniraore p.T. 

Feuton tp. 

Fenton tp. 

Fenton p.T. 

Fenton tp. 

Fenton  Centre p.b. 

Fentress tp. 

Ferdinand tp. 

Ferdinand p.T. 

Ferdinand tp. 

Fergus  Falls tp. 

Fergiis  Falls p.T. 

Ferguson tp. 

Ferguson tp. 

Fermanagh tp. 

Feruandina p.v. 

Ferndale p.v. 

Ferndale p.v. 

Fern  Valley p.tp. 

Ferrell p.h. 

Ferrell tp. 

Ferris p.v. 


County. 


La  Salle- 

Pitt 

Pitt 

Prince  Kdward. 

Loudoun 

Worcester. 

Fremont 

Clinton 

Clare.„ 

Alamance 

Halifax 

Alleghany , 

York 

Montgomery 

St.  Joseph 

Sibley 

Livingston 

Boone 

Vigo 

Decatur. 

Fayette 

Linn 

Kennebec 

Delta , 

Hillsdale 

Jefferson 

Howard- 


Fulton 

Lawrence 

Juniata 

San  Pete 

Lafayette 

Fayette- 

Fayette. 

Washington... 

Fayette 

St.  Clair 

Fayette 

Lawrence 

Johnson 

Onondaga 

Cumberland... 

Brown , 

Franklin 

Lawrence 

Lincoln 

Windham 

Washington... 

Worcester 

Saratoga 

Washington-... 

Goodhue 

New  Hanover. 

Caroline 

Saratoga 

Hampden 

Brown 

Middlesex 

Clermont 

Grundy 

Grundy 

Lackawanna... 

Preston 

Santa  Cruz 

Kent 

Jefferson 

St.  Charles 

St.  Charles 

Madison 

Grant 

Grant 

Whiteside 

Genesee 

Genesee 

Broome 

Whiteside- 

Guilford 

Dubois 

Dubois 

Essex 

Otter  Tail  - 

Otter  Tail  - 

Centre' 

Clearfield 

Juniata 

Nassau 

Hnmboldt 

Lehigh 

Palo  Alto 

£dgar 

Nash , 

Hancock 


State. 


HI 

N.O 

N.  C 

Va 

Va 

Mass..... 
Iowa..., 

Pa 

Mich..., 

N.  C 

N.  C 

Pa 

Pa 

Kan 

Mich.... 
Minn  ... 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Me 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Miss 

Mo 

N.  Y — 
Ohio-... 
Ohio-... 

Pa 

Utah.... 

Wis 

Pa 

Ala 

Ark 

Ga 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa 

Tenn.... 

Vt 

Vt 

Mass 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Minn... 
N.  C_... 

Md 

N.  y 

Mass.... 

Ohio 

Mass.... 

Ohio 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Pa 

W.  Va- 

Cal 

Del 

N.  y 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y 

Wis 

Wis 

Ill 

Mich ... 
Mich.... 

N.  Y 

Ill 

N.  C-... 

Ind 

Ind 

Vt 

Minn ... 
Minn  ... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

FIh 

Cal ' 

Pa 

Iowa.... 

Ill 

N.O 

Ill 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


1,042 


1,543 


1,327 
1,782 
681 
1,457 
505 
680 
687 
257 


1,912 
318 


914 

900 


2,172 
120 
815 

3,364 


2,082 
2,051 


1,193 
889 


139 
1,402 
4,660 

397 


1,206 


1,358 
850 
410 


955 
616 
656 
343 


437 

235 

2,383 


1,381 
1,794 


758 
3,905 
2,353 
1,499 


866 
1,732 


2,111 
585 
993 

1,722 


1,128 

2,497 

111 

2,058 

108 

647 

380 

273 

621 

1,687 

2,479 

6;io 

1,686 

1,182 

702 

568 

712 

80 

1,9:15 

869 

995 

783 

705 

371 

2,125 

369 

1,247 

3,316 

579 

2,3U8 

2,0i8 

125 

1,148 

807 

180 

1,788 

138 

348 

181 

65 

129 

1,556 

3,4S5 

390 

609 

93 

2,104 

210 

638 

386 

67 

1,275 

954 

441 

669 

220 

730 

179 

660 

1,047 

882 

1,023 

441 

64 

271 

383 

436 

2,401 

46 

1,272 

1,126 

296 

752 

3,807 

2,152 

1,556 

68 

968 

1,748 

600 

40 

1,914 

1,6;J5 

1,817 

704 

1,114 

2,562 

178 

603  i 

17a  { 

29  i 

1,202 

18i- 


293 


k 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PlM*. 


...p.h. 

...p.v. 

...p.h. 

.p.T. 


^tp. 

T•n^M „.. p.T. 

ftrrUbarg^ p.tp. 

FBny. p.tp. 

Verryibarg- p.v. 

Ferry  VllUge« p.T. 

VerTTTllU p.h. 

Vertile p.tp, 

Fntlna. p.T. 

Fettennaa ....p.T. 

nddletown  _ p.T. 

Fidelitjr tp. 

Fidelity _..p.T. 

Field tp. 

Fieldon p.T. 

Fleldon tp. 

FleldslKiruagh p.h. 

Fleldsbo  rough L, 

Field's  Creek .......tp. 

Fife  Lake p.tp. 

Fifleld tp. 

Fifleld. p.h, 

Filer ~ .~..tp. 

Filer  City t, 

Fillmore .........tp. 

Fillmore.- p.T, 

Fillmore- tp. 

Fillmore tp. 

Fillmore.- tp. 

Fillmore p.T. 

Fillmore p.T, 

Fillmore.- tp. 

Fillmore  City- p.T, 

Fincastle... 
Fincastle... 
Ilncastlo... 
Fincastle... 

Findlay tp, 

Findluy p.T 

Findley tp. 

Findley tp. 

Fine. - tp. 

Fine— p.T. 

Fiue'»  Creek ....p.tp. 

Fingervillo p.h. 

Finley tp. 

Fliiley- tp. 

Finloy„ tp. 

Fluley.- tp. 

Finley „ tp. 

Fir  Cap p.h. 

Fire  Creek p.T. 

Fire  I:*land p.h. 

Firth - p.T. 

Fish  Dam p.tp. 

FiKher p.v. 

Fteber tp. 

FiRher tp. 

Fisher's p.h. 

Fisher's  Island igl. 

Fisher's  Landing...p.T. 

Fisher's  Switch p.v. 

Fish  House T. 

Fishing  Creek tp. 

Fishing  Creek tp. 

Fishing  Creek tp. 

Fisliing  Creek p.tp. 

Fishing  niver tp. 

Fisliing  River. tp. 

Flshkiin- tp. 

FUhkill p.T. 

Fisli.killH)n'Uudgon.p.T 

Fish  Luke tp. 

Fish  Pond tp. 

Fisk<9TiIle p.T. 

FItcliburg h. 

Fitchbiirg e. 

Fitchbiirg p.h. 

Fitchbiirg p.tp. 

FItchTille T. 

Fltchville p.tp, 

Fithlan p.T. 

FItzwilliam p.tp. 

Fitzwilliam  Depot..p.T. 

Five  Corners p.T. 

Five  Creeks tp. 

Five  Lakes p.T, 

Flack  ville p.h. 

Flapg tp. 

FlHgstatr. pint. 

Flambeau p.tp. 


County. 


Montcalm......... 

Ellis 

Addison- 

Oceana 

Ottawa 

Cumberland 

St.  Clair 

Worth 

Winneshiek 

Taylor 

Amadur- 

Jersey 

Jersey 

Jefferson  .„ 

Jersey - 

Watonwan ........ 

New  Castle 

Itiirllngton 

Henry 

Grand  Tra Terse. 

Price 

Price.- 

Manistee 

Manistee 

Montgomery 

Putnam 

Iowa 

Allegan- 

Fillmore 

Fillmore 

Andrew- 

Bollinger— 

Millard 

Putnam- 

Brown 

Campbell 

Botetourt. 

Hancock 

Hancock 

Alleghany 

Mercer 

St.  Lawrence 

St.  Lawrence 

Haywood 

Spartiinburg 

Scott 

Christian 

Douglas. 

Webster 

McDowell 

Sierra. 

Fayette 

Suffolk 

Lancaster- 

Union 

Champaign 

Fremont 

Polk 

Ontario 

Suffolk 

Polk 

Hamilton  - , 

Fulton 

Granville 

Warren , 

Wilkes 

Columbia. , 

Clay 

Ray , 

Dutchess 

Dutchess 

Dutchess 

Chisago 

Barnwell 

Providence , 

Estill 

Worcester- 

Ingham 

Dane— 

New  London ..... 

Huron 

Vermilion- 

Cliesblre , 

Cheshire , 

Cayuga.- 

Clay 

Lapeer , 

St.  Lawrence 

Ogle 

Somerset 

Chippewa- 


Bute. 


Mich... 

Tex 

Vt 

Mich... 
Mich... 

Me 

Ala 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 
W.  Va., 

Cal 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Minn .. 

Del 

N.  J 

Mo 

Mich... 
Wis.-.. 

Wis 

Mich... 
Mich... 

Ill 

lud 

Iowa... 
Mich... 
Minn .. 
Minn  .. 

Mo 

Mo 

Utah... 

Ind 

Ohio.... 
Tenn .. 

Va 

Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  Y-.. 
N.  Y„.. 
N.  C... 

S.  C 

Ind 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  C 

Cal 

W.Va. 
N.  Y„.. 
Neb.-.. 

8.  C 

Ill 

Iowa... 
Minn .. 

N.  y..., 

N.Y..., 

Minn.. 

Ind 

N.  Y..., 
N.C-... 
N.  C... 
N.  C... 

Pa 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y-.. 
N.  Y.... 
N.  Y..„ 
Minn  .. 

S.O 

B.I 

Ky 

Mass... 
Mich... 

Wis 

Conn... 
Ohio„., 

Ill 

N.  11.., 
N.  H  ... 
N.Y,... 
Kan-.. 
Mich... 
N.  Y„.. 

Ill 

Me 

Wis 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


1,708 
366 


1,UU9 


217 
1,004 
1,436 

087 


271 

427 
906 


4,073 
3,318 
1,170 
1,710 
603 


1,048 


1,102 

1,276 

3:i2 

625 

680 


1,120 


748 


2,413 

1,508 

542 

1,372 

2,798 

1,053 

11,752 

737 

2,992 

386 

1,120 


11,260 


1,152 


795 
"1,140 


2,288 
112 


1,192 
106 

1,684 
620 
411 

1,170 
84 
701 
127 
368 
296 

1,221 
2.30 

1,184 
298 
383 
69 
464 
862 
074 
230 
64 

1,033 
658 

1,850 
180 

1,154 

2,346 

1,119 
212 
297 
709 
987 
92 
118 
76 
675 

6,563 

4,C33 

1,471 

1,C09 
893 
207 

1,463 
73 

1,248 

1,914 
719 
761 
845 
78 
192 
77 
230 

1,714 
188 

1,411 
683 
98 
134 
239 
138 
163 

2,508 

1,482 
673 

1,446 

2,8n5 

1,961 

10,732 

682 

2,603 

983 

1,604 

119 

49 

12,420 

91 

978 

326 

822 

165 

1,187 

296 

123 

1,1  S4 

280 

30 

2,716 

76 

251 


Plaoa. 


Flandert— t. 

Flanders. p.T 

Flandreau p.T, 

Flat  Branch tp. 

Flatliush p.tp. 

Flatbush T, 

Flat  Creek tp. 

Flat  Creek tp. 

Flat  Creek tp. 

Flat  Creek tp. 

Flat  Creek tp. 

Flat  Creek p.h. 

Flatlands tp. 

Flatlands p.T, 

Flatlands  Neck t. 

Flatonia p.T, 

Flat  lUver tp. 

Flat  Rock p.T, 

Flat  Rock tp. 

Flat  Rock T. 

Flat  Rock p.T, 

Flat  Rock tp. 

Flat  Rock p.T, 

Flat  Rock p.tp. 

Flat  Rock T. 

Flea  mil tp, 

Fleetwood p.T. 

Fleming tp. 

Fleming p.T. 

Flemingsburg p.T. 

Fleniingsville p.h. 

Flemlngton p.T. 

Fletcher p.T. 

Fletcher p.tp, 

Flicksville v. 

Flinn tp. 

Flint h, 

Flint- tp. 

Flint p.h. 

Flint- c. 

Flint tp. 

Flint  Creek p.h. 

Flint  Hill p.T, 

Flint  River tp. 

Flint  Stone p.v. 

Fllntville p.T. 

Flood  wood p.T. 

Flora tp. 

Flora p.T. 

Flora p.T. 

Flora tp. 

Flora tp. 

Floraville p.h. 

Florence - p.T, 

Florence p.v. 

Florence tp. 

Florence tp. 

Florence p.T. 

Florence tp. 

Florence p.v. 

Florence p.T. 

Florence p.T. 

Florence p.T. 

Florence p.tp, 

Florence tp. 

Florence.- p.h. 

Florence p.tp. 

Florence tp. 

Florence p.T. 

Florence t. 

Florence p.tp. 

Florence.- tp. 

Florence p.h. 

Florence tp, 

Florence p.T. 

Florence.- p.T. 

Florence p.T. 

Florence  Station.. ..p.T. 

Floresville p.v. 

Florida tp, 

Florida p.tp. 

Florida tp. 

Florida tp. 

Florida p.v, 

Florida p.v, 

Flowerfield tp. 

Flowerfield p.v. 

Flowery  Branch.. ..p.v, 

Floyd tp. 

Floyd tp, 

Floyd tp. 


Connty. 


New  London.,, 

Suffolk 

Moody 

Shelby 

Kings 

Ulster 

Barry 

Pettis 

Stone- 

Buncombe 

l,,ancaRter 

Bedford 

Kings. 

Kings 

Kings 

Fayette 

Person . 

Crawford 

Bartholomew. 

Bourbon  

Wayne 

Henry 

Seneca 

Kershaw 

Davidson 

Cumberland.,, 

Berks 

Cayuga 

Cayuga 

Fleming 

Tioga 

Hunterdon .... 

Miami 

Franklin 

Northampton 

Lawrence 

Morgan 

Pike 

Steuben 

Genesee 

Genesee 

Ontario 

Rappahannock,... 

Des  Moines , 

Alleghany , 

Lincoln 

Athens 

Boone , 

Clay , 

Carroll 

Dickinson 

Renville 

St.  Clair 

Lauderdale 

Pinal 

Stephenson 

Will 

Switzerland , 

Benton 

Benton , 

Marion 

Boone , 

Ilampsbire 

St.  Joseph 

Goodhue 

Morgan 

Burlington 

Oneida 

Oneida 

Belmont 

Erie 

Williams 

Lane 

Darlington 

Darlhigton 

Williamson 

Marinette 

Stephenson 

Wilson 

Parke 

Berkshire 

Yellow  Medicine. 

Montgomery 

Orange 

Henry 

St.  Josei>b 

St.  Joseph 

Hall 

Warren 

Putnam 

Floyd 


State. 


Conn.... 

N.  Y 

Dak 

Ill 

N.  Y-.., 

N.  y 

Bio 

Mo 

JIo 

N.  0 

S.  C 

Tenn  .„ 

N,  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Tex...,. 

N.  C 

HI 

Ind 

Ky 

Mich.... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

S.C 

Tenn..., 

N.O 

Pa 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ky 

N.  Y,,., 

N.  J 

Ohio,.,, 

Vt 

Pa , 

Ind 

Ala 

Ill 

Ind 

Mich... 
Mich... 
N.  Y„„ 

Va 

Iowa... 

Md 

Tenn... 
Ohio-.. 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Kan...,, 
Minn ,. 

Ill 

Ala 

Arizona 

III 

Ill 

Ind.,,, 
Iowa. 
Iowa. 
Kan.., 
Ky  .... 
Mass. 
Mich. 
Minn 
BIo..„, 
N.  J.„ 
N.  Y„ 
N.  Y„ 
Ohio.. 
Ohio- 
Ohio.. 
Oregon. 
S.C.„ 

s.  c, 

Tex .., 
Wis... 

Ill 

Tex„. 
Ind.,. 
Mass. 
Slinn 
N.  Y- 
N.  Y.. 
Ohio- 
Mich.... 
Mich., 

Ga 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa... 


1870,     1880, 


294 


1  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


..p.T. 

..tp. 

..tp. 

..tp. 

..p.tp, 

..p.v. 

..tp. 

..tp. 


County. 


Floyd -.. 

Floyd 

Floyd 

Floyd.. 

Floyd 

Floyd  0.  U ., 

Floyd's 

Floyd's 

Floydsburg.. 

Flushing tp. 

Flushing p.v. 

Flushing ~tp. 

Flushing p.v. 

Flushing tp. 

Flushing p.v. 

Fly  Creek p.v. 

Flynn tp. 

Fogelsvllle p.v. 

Foley p.h. 

Folker. ~tp. 

FolsoniTlUe- p.v. 

Fonda >. p.v. 

Fonda p.v. 

Fonda's  Bush p.v. 

Fond  du  Lac p.tp, 

Fond  du  Lao tp. 

Fond  du  Lac p.v, 

Fond  du  Lac c 

Fond  duLac tp. 

Fontana p.v. 

Fontanelle p.v. 

Foutenelle p.v. 

Foosland ..p.v. 

Foot  of  Plane p.v. 

FootTille p.b. 

Footville p.v. 

Forbes tp. 

Forbes v. 

Forbush p.tp 

Ford  River tp. 

Ford  River p.v. 

Ford  River  Junction™v, 

Fordsbueh h. 

Ford's  Ferry p.h. 

Fordsville p.h. 

Forest tp. 

Forest tp. 

Forest tp. 

Forest tp. 

Forest p.v. 

Forest p.v. 

Forest tp. 

Forest tp. 

Forest tp. 

Forestburg p.tp. 

Forestburg p.v. 

Forest  City p.v. 

Forest  Citv T. 

Forest  City tp. 

Forest  City p.v. 

Forest  City v. 

Forest  City tp. 

Forest  City p.v. 

Forest  City.„ p.tp. 

Forest  City p.v. 

Forcstdale v. 

Forest  Home p.v. 

Forester tp. 

Forester p.v. 

Forest  Grove p.v. 

Forest  Hill p.v. 

Forest  Hill v. 

Forest  Home p.h. 

Forest  ILime tp. 

Forest  Home v. 

Forest  Lake tp. 

Forest  Lake p.h. 

Forest  Lake p.tp. 

Forest  Mills p.v. 

Foreston «.tp. 

Fores  ton _.p.  v. 

Forcstport p.tp, 

Forest  Prairie tp. 

ForestviUe p.h. 

Forestville I).v. 

ForestviUe v. 

Forestville..... p.h. 

ForestviUe p.v. 

ForestviUe tp. 

Forestville p.h. 

,    Forestville p.v. 

ForestviUe p  v. 

ForestviUe h. 


Floyd 

O'Brien  „ 

Sioux 

Woodbury , 

Oneida 

Floyd , 

Horry 

Newberry , 

Oldham 

Genesee 

Genesee , 

Queens 

Queens , 

Belmont 

Belmont 

Otsego 

Sanilac 

Lehigh 

Lincoln 

Clarke 

Warrick 

Pocahontas 

Montgomery 

Fulton 

Tazewell 

St.  Louis 

St.  Lonis 

Fond  du  Lac 

Fond  du  Lac 

Miami 

Adair 

Washington 

Champaign- 

Bradford 

Ashtabula 

Kock 

Holt 

Holt 

Yadkin.- 

Delta- , 

Delta 

Delta 

Montgomery 

Crittenden , 

Ohio 

Sierra , 

Winnebago , 

Genesee 

Ilice 

Clinton 

Hardin 

Fond  du  Lac..-. 

Richland 

Vernon 

Sullivan..- 

Montague 

Sierra 

Chaffee 

Mitson 

Mason 

Whitley 

Howard 

Winnebago 

Meeker 

Holt 

Providence 

Tompkins 

Sanilac 

Sanilac 

Washington 

Placer 

Decatur 

Poweshiek 

Antrim.- 

Clarion- 

Washington 

Washington 

Susquehanna.... 

Goodhue 

Ogle 

Ogle 

Oneida , 

Meeker- 

Sonoma , 

Hartford , 

Floyd 

Prince  George's 

Sanilac 

Fillmoro , 

Fillmoro , 

Chautauqua...... 

Wake 

Bucks , 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 

N.  y„.. 

Va 

S.0 

S.O 

Ky 

Mich... 
Mich... 
N.  Y-.. 
N.  Y.... 
Ohio- 
Ohio-.. 
N.  Y-.. 
Mich... 

Pa 

Mo 

Mo 

Ind...., 
Iowa.., 
N.  Y-., 
N.  Y-. 

Ill , 

Minn- 
Minn., 

Wis 

Wis 

Kan-., 
Iowa. . 
Neb-.. 

Ill 

Piu 

Ohio-. 
Wis.-. 
Mo .... 
Mo  .... 
N.  C 
Mich.. 
Mich.. 
Mich.. 
N.  Y„. 
Ky .... 
Ky 

Cal  .... 

Iowa.. 

Mich.... 

Minn- 

N.  Y... 

Ohio... 

Wis 

Vfix.... 
Wis.-. 
N.  Y... 
Tex.-. 
Cal..-. 

Col 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind.... 

Iowa.., 

Iowa.. 

Minn .- 

Mo.. 

K.I., 

N.Y, 

Mich.... 

Mich, 

Oregon. 

Cal ... 

Ind... 

Iowa. 

Mich. 

Pa 

Minn... 

Minn... 

Pa 

Minn ... 

Ill 

Ill 

N.  Y 

Minn... 

Cal 

Conn  ... 

Ga 

Md 

Mich.... 

Minn ... 

Minn  ... 

N.  Y 

N.  C-... 

Pa- 


1,209 
321 
630 

2,133 


1,919 

687 

14,650 

6,223 

1,484 

206 


131 


1,092 
987 


12,764 
1,266 


1,429 


748 

179 

1,564 

577 


1,417 

926 
662 
915 

"  152 


832 
155 
401 
676 


2,177 


1,276 
315 


279 
1,098 
438 
194 
1,115 
340 
1,270 
2,830 
104 
2,192 
690 
15,906 
6,683 
1,705 
334 
236 
626 
383 
39 
1,022 
194 
168 
944 
656 
776 
800 
200 
13,094 
1,354 
174 
663 
199 
109 
102 
67 
132 
1,009 
159 
1,414 
814 
343 
100 
99 
67 
85 
1,182 
1,698 
1,882 
853 
170 
987 
1,388 
950 
889 
1,058 
100 
620 
163 
925 
182 
110 
968 
688 
638 
421 
364 
114 
940 
116 
647 
688 
109 
26 
201 
165 
233 
46 
990 
124 
2,374 
1,108 
1,358 
606 
84 
1,073- 
6:^9 
72 
192 
874 
55 
724 
116 
89 


Place. 


County. 


Forestville »..p.v. 

ForestviUe p.tp. 

Forge  Hollow h. 

Forgo  Village p.v. 

Foristell p.v. 

Fork p.tp. 

Fork tp. 

Fork tp. 

Fork tp. 

Forkland -p.v. 

Fork  River tp. 

Forks -pint. 

Forks tp. 

Forks tp. 

Forkston. tp. 

Forkston -.p.h. 

Forksville p.v. 

Fork  Union „..p.h. 

Forman p.h. 

Forney p.v. 

Forney  Croek tp. 

Forrest tp. 

Forrest p.v. 

Forrest  City p.v. 

Forrestvllle -v. 

Forsyth p.v. 

Forsyth p.v. 

Forsyth p.tp. 

Fort  Adams p.v. 

Fort  Ancient p.h. 

Fort  Ann tp. 

Fort  As8iniboine.-.p.v. 

Fort  Atkinson p.v. 

Fort  Atkinson p.v. 

Fort  Belknap h. 

Fort  Benton p.v. 

Fort  Bidwell p.v. 

Fort  Brady _v. 

Fort  Branch p.v. 

Fort  Bridger p.h. 

Fort  Brown v. 

Fort  Calhoun p.v. 

Fort  Cameron. ......h. 

Fort  ChurchUI p.h. 

Fort  Clark v. 

Fort  Collins p.v. 

Fort  Concho p.v. 

Fort  Covington tp. 

Fort  Covington.-...p.v. 

Fort  Custer p.v. 

Fort  D.  A.  Russell..v. 

Fort  Davis p.v. 

Fort  Deposit p.v. 

Fort  Dodgo p.v. 

Fort  Duncan v. 

Fort  Edward tp. 

Fort  E<lward p.v. 

Fort  Ellis p.v. 

Fort  Fairfield tp. 

Fort  Fairfield p.v. 

Fort  Fotterman p.v. 

Fort  Fred  Steele  ...p.v. 

Fort  Gaines p.v. 

Fort  Garland p.v. 

Fort  Gates p.h. 

Fort  Gratiot tp. 

Fort  Gratiot p.v. 

Fort  Halleck p.v. 

Fort  Howard p.v. 

Fort  Hunter p.v. 

Fort  Jackson p.v. 

Fort  Jefferson Ii. 

Fort  Jennings p.v. 

Fort  Kent p.tp. 

Fort  Keogh p.v. 

Fort  Laramie p.v. 

Fort  Leavenworth. p.v. 

Fort  Lee p.v. 

Fort  Littleton p.v. 

Fort  Logan  ..........p.v. 

Fort  Lowell „.v. 

Fort  Lyon p.h. 

Fort  Mackavett p.v. 

Fort  MacKinney...p.v. 

Fort  Madison -c. 

Foi-t  Madison p.h. 

Fort  Meade p.v. 

Fort  Mill tp. 

Fort  Mill -p.v. 

Fort  Miller p.v. 

Fort  Mohave h. 

Fort  Morgan -h. 

Fort  Motte -p.v. 


Butler. 

Door 

Oneida 

Middlesex 

St.  Charles 

Mecosta 

Warren 

Anderson 

Lexington 

Greene 

Wayne 

Somerset 

Northampton.. 

Sullivan 

Wyoming 

Wyoming , 

Sullivan 

Fluvanna. 

Lake , 

Kaufman , 

Swuiu 

Livingston 

Livingston 

St.  Francis , 

SchuylkUl 

Monroe- 

Macon 

Marquette 

Wilkinson 

Warren 

Washington ... 

Choteau 

Winneshiek-.. 

Jefferson 

Choteau 

Choteau 

Modoc 

Chippewa- 

Gibson 

Uintah 

Cameron 

Washington... 

Beaver 

Lvou 

Kinney 

Laiimer 

Tom  Green 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Custer 

Laramie 

Presidio 

Lowndes 

Webster 

Maverick 

Washington.... 

Wnsliiiigton.... 

Gallatin 

Aroostook 

Aroostook 

Albany 

Carbon 

Clay 

Costilla 

Putnam 

St.  Clair 

St.  Clair 

Elko 

Brown 

Montgomery .. 

St.  Lawrence- 
Darke 

Putnam 

Aroostook 

Custer 

Laramie , 

Leavenworth., 

Bergen.- 

Fulton 

Meagher , 

Pima. 

Bent 

Menard 

Johnson 

Lee 

Oconee -.., 

Polk 

York 

York 

Washington-.. 

Moh.ive 

Baldwin 

Oraugebarg..., 


State. 


Population. 


Pa 

Wis.-, 

N.  Y-. 
Mass.. 
Mo .... 
Mich., 
N.  C-. 
S.C... 
S.C... 
Ala.... 
N.  C-, 
Mo .... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Va 

Mich., 
Tex-. 
N.  0- 

III 

lU-.... 
Ark.- 

Pa 

Ga 

Ill 

Mich.. 
Miss-. 
Ohio-. 
N.  Y„. 
Mon-. 
lowiu. 
Wis.-. 
Mon-. 
Mou-. 
Cal .... 
Mich.. 
Ind.... 
Wy.... 
Tex.„. 
Neb.... 
Utah.. 
Nev-.. 
Tex-.. 

Col 

Tex.... 
N.Y-. 
N.  Y... 
Mon-. 
Wy.... 
Tex.-. 
Ala.... 
Iowa.. 
Tex.... 
N.  Y„. 
N.  Y-. 
Mon... 
Me  .... 
Me  .... 
Wy.... 
Wy.... 

Ga 

Col.... 
Fla.... 
Mich. 
Mich. 
Nev.„. 
Wis.-. 
N.Y... 
N.  Y„. 
Ohio-. 
Ohio-, 

Me 

Mon.., 
AVy..., 
Kan- 
N.  J- 

Pa 

Mon.., 

Arizona 

Col .. 

Tex.. 

Wy... 

Iowa 

S.  C. — 

Fla.. 

S.C- 

8.O.. 

N.Y 

Arizona 

Ala. 

S.C, 


1,662 
1,352 


1,611 

159 

1,450 

854 
676 


1,084 


43 
3.329 


2,010 


913 

2,436 

953 


828 
615 


8,U95 


6,125 
3,492 


1,893 


1,032 


2,462 


1,034 


4,011 


2,473 


233 

1,042 
99 
257 
1C3 
343 

1,187 

2,055 

2,074 
205 

1,656 
199 

1,382 
964 
754 
93 
108 
73 
27 
817 
662 

1,292 
357 
003 
252 

1,105 

152 

291 

220 

34 

S,263 
450 
435 

1,969 
60 

1,618 
260 
115 
778 
44 
416 
240 
179 
60 

1,0.30 

l,:i56 
716 

2,424 
!I31 
739 
608 

1,102 
350 

3,586 
150 

4,080 

2,988 
267 

2,807 
637 
166 
302 
867 
131 
12 

1,902 

1,280 
167 

3,083 

212 

153 

93 

104 

1,512 
COO 
631 

1,112 

1,424 
109 
136 
227 
64 
275 
279 

4,679 
38 
105 

2,834 
290 
124 
78 
88 
107 


295 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OP   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


ruc«. 


Fort  OiMg«^ ....tp. 

>'ort  I*iorr« ....p.v. 

Kort  IMMn p.v. 

Fortrfds  Monru«....p.T. 

Furt  llioliiiiuiiJ h. 

Fort  Kitner p.T. 

Fort  Kuftiell tp. 

Furt  Samlera v. 

Fort  Sott c. 

Fort  Sonecu p.r. 

Furt  Smith p.v. 

Fort  SiiullinK P-v. 

Fort  Spring  I)ep»t. p.T. 

Fort  Stniiton p.T. 

Fort  IJiiion _..p.T. 

Fort  Viilley p.T. 

Fortville p.T. 

Fort  Washakie p.T. 

Fort  Wasliington  ..p.h. 

Fort  Wiiyne c. 

Fort  Wiiyne fort. 

Fort  Winnebago  ...fp. 

Fort  Worth c. 

Forty  Forts. _..t. 

ForwarJ ~..tp. 

Forward ..„ tp. 

Fosguin - tp. 

Foster tp. 

Foster „ .^.p.r. 

Foster ....tp. 

Foster tp. 

Foster tp. 

Foster tp. 

Foster ^.tp. 

Foster p.tp, 

Fosterburg p.T. 

Foster's  Bar tp. 

Foster's  Crossing. ..p.T. 
Foster's  Meadow. ..p.T. 

Fostenrillo ..p.h. 

Fostoria ....p.v. 

Fostoria p.h. 

Found  ryvillo.. h. 

Fountain p.T. 

Fountain  ~ tp. 

Fountain tp. 

Fountain p.v. 

Fountain  » tp. 

Fountain  Bluff......p.tp. 

Fountain  City p.v 

Fountain  Creek. tp. 

Fountain  Green...-p.tp. 

Fountain  Head p.T. 

Fountain  Pralrie...fp. 
Fountain  Praiiie...tp. 
Fountain  Springs.-T. 

Fountaintown p.v, 

Fountain  VaUey....tp. 

Fourchee tp. 

Four  Mile tp. 

Four  Mile tp. 

Four  Mile tp. 


Fowler 

....p.v. 

Fowler.- 

....p.v. 

Fowler. 

....p.v. 

Fowler... 

....p.tp. 

Fowler. 

— p.tp. 

Fowler 

....V. 

Fowler's  Mills .. 

....h. 

Fowlersville 

..~.p.v. 

Fowler>illo 

.~..p.v. 

Fox 

....tp. 

....tp. 

Fox 

....tp. 

Fox 

Fox 

....tp. 

Pox 

....tp. 

Foxborongh 

~..p.tp. 

Fox  Creek ~. 

....tp. 

Foxcroft- 

.~.tp. 

Foxcroft 

....p.T. 

Fox  Lake 

....tp. 

Fox  Lake 

....tp. 

Fox  Lake- 

....p.T. 

Fox  Illver 

....tp. 

Foxville ~... 

....p.h. 

Frackvillo 

....p.b. 

Frartlonville 

....h. 

Fragrant  Hill.... 

....tp. 

rrailey 

....tp. 

Oonnty. 


Jarkson 

Stanley 

Montgomery.... 
Rlisabeth  City- 

Wapello 

Lawrpnce 

Madison 

Altwny 

Bourbon  

Seneca 

Sebastian.- 

Hennepin 

Greenbrier 

Lincoln 

Mora. 

Houston 

Hancock 

Sweetwater.-..., 
Montgomery  .... 

Allen 

Wayne 

Columbia 

Tarrant 

Lnzome 

Alleghany 

Butler. 

Polk 

Marlon 

Bracken 

Ogemaw 

Faribault 

Luzerne 

McKean 

Schuylkill 

ProTldence 

Madison 

Yuba 

Warren 

Queens 

Cayuga- 

Seneca. 

Blair 

Luzerne 

Kl  Paso 

Ottawa _ 

Fillmore 

Fillmore 

Juneau 

Jackson 

Buffalo 

Iroquois 

Hancock 

Sumner- 

Pipe  Stone 

Columbia 

Schuylkill 

Shelby 

Los  Angeles 

Ripley 

Wayne 

Polk 

Barnwell 

Adams 

Benton— «... 

Clinton.- -... 

St.  Lawn>nce 

Trumbull 

Wyandot 

Centre  

Livingston 

Livingston 

Kendall 

Jasper 

Black  Hawk 

Carroll 

Elk 

Sullivan 

Norfolk-- 

Clarion- 

Harrison 

Piscataquis  ...... 

Piscataquis 

Martin 

Dodge _.... 

Dodge 

Davis.- 

Dane 

Schuylkill 

Wasliington 

Dickinson 

Schuylkill 


9t«te. 


Mo 

Duk-.. 
N.  Y... 

Va 

Iowa... 
Ind.... 

Ill 

Wyom 
Kan... 
Ohio... 
Ark.... 
Minn. 
W.  Va. 
N.  Mex. 
N.  Mex. 

Ga 

Ind 

Wyom.. 

Pa 

Ind 

Mich.... 

Wis 

Tex 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa 

Minn ... 

Ill 

Ky 

Mich.... 
Minn ... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

K.  L 

Ill 

Cal 

Ohio 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Col 

Kan 

Minn ... 
Minn ... 

Wis 

Ill 

Wis 

Ill 

Ill 

Tenn.... 
Minn ... 

Wis 

Pa 

Ind 

Cal  .„... 

Mo 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

S.  0 

Ill 

Ind 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Mass.... 

Pa 

Mo 

Me 

Me 

Minn ... 

Wis 

Wis 

Iowa. 
Wis-. 

Pa 

Va.... 
Kan.. 
Pa 


Population. 


1,695 

'i',797 


1,41)2 

'"4,m 

"2,227 


l,:i:« 
387 


17,718 


709 


l.:«)0 
1,025 


304 
2,999 


1,001 
1,630 


1,733 


1,037 

"69*9 

"  "867 

503 

1,475 


1,286 


1,817 

531 

1,935 


1,785 
871 


1,265 


812 
1,119 
1,188 

443 
3,057 


1,178 


1,916 
1,086 
1,256 


1,322 


2,207 

287 
2,443 

625 
99 

131 
1,413 

401 
6,372 

3,099 
352 
144 
118 
164 

1,277 
634 
191 
80 
26,880 
279 
689 

6,663 
478 

1,740 

1,133 
606 
885 
208 
206 
406 

5,116 

5,373 
690 

1,552 
130 
498 
202 
477 
77 

3,569 

78 

16 

99 

829 

922 

200 

816 

446 

963 

799 

1,258 
1G9 
157 

1,300 
228 
245 
143 
230 

1,982 
622 

1,972 
164 
967 
321 

1,590 
851 
126 
63 

1,051 
386 

1,251 
781 
930 

1,275 

2,266 
661 

2,960 
614 
090 

1,263 
732 
172 

1,791 
955 
752 
611 

1,707 

60 

477 

1,307 


Plac«. 


Fraiplngham  ^ p.tp. 

Framnas tp, 

FranccHtown tp. 

Francostown .- p.T. 

Francesville p.T, 

Franconia tp. 

Franconia p.T. 

Franconia p.tp. 

Franconia tp. 

Frankenmuth p.tp. 

Fmnkford. p.T. 

Fraukford p.tp. 

Frankford p.T. 

Frankford .tp. 

Frankford tp. 

Frankford p.v. 

Frankfort p.h. 

Frankfort tp. 

Frankfort. p.v. 

Frankfort tp. 

Frankfort v. 

Frankfort p.v. 

Frankfort p.tp. 

Frankfort c. 

Frankfort p.tp. 

Frankfort p.v. 

Frankfort tp. 

Fi-ankfort tp. 

Frankfort p.v. 

Frankfort p.v. 

Frankfort p.v. 

Frankfort p.tp, 

Frankfort  Sprlng8..p.v. 

Franklin p.tp, 

Franklin p.tp. 

Franklin p.v. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin- tp. 

Franklin p.v. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin p.v. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin- tp. 

Franklin- tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin h. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Frank  1  i  n tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin p.v. 

Franklin tp.> 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Frank  li  n tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Frankli  n tp. 

Franklin- tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin- tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin- tp. 

Frank  1  in- tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin p.T. 

Franklin p.T. 

Franklin p.tp. 

Frank  li  a pint. 

Franklin t. 

Franklin p.tp. 

Franklin tp. 


County. 


Middlesex 

Stevens. 

HilUbo  rough. 
Hillsborough. 

Pulaski- 

ChiHago 

Cliisago 

Oranon 

Montgomery.. 

Saginaw 

Sussex 

Mower 

Pike 

Sussex 

Cumberland..., 
Greenbrier.... 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Franklin , 

Will 

Will 

Clinton 

Montgomery .. 

Franklin 

Waldo 

Benzie 

Wright 

Herkimer , 

Herkimer 

Boss , 

Mineral 

Pepin 

Beaver 

Sacramento.-.. 
New  London.., 

Heard 

DeKalb 

Morgan 

Morgan 

DoKalb 

Floyd- 

Grant 

Harrison 

Hendricks 

Henry 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Kosciusko- 

Marlon 

Montgomery  .. 

Owen 

Pulaski.- 

Putnam 

Randolph ...... 

Ripley 

Washington-.. 

Wayne 

Wayne 

AUuniakce 

Appanoose 

Bremer.- 

Cass 

Clarke „.... 

Decatur- 

DesSIoines 

Fremont 

Greene 

Lee 

Lee- 

Linn 

Marion— 

Monona. 

Monroe— , 

O'Brien.- 

Polk 

Story 

Washington 

Bourbon 

Edwards , 

Franklin 

Jackson 

Lincoln 

Marshall 

Ness , 

Simpson 

St.  Mary's , 

Hancock 

Oxford 

Baltimore 

Norfolk 

Houghton 


State. 


Mass.., 
Minn., 
N.  H„., 
N.  H.., 
Ind...., 
Minn . 
Minn. 
N.  H„., 

Pa 

Mich.. 
Del ...., 
Minn.. 

Mo 

N.J 

Pa 

W.Va. 

Ala 

HI 

Ill 

Ill 

HI 

Ind 

Iowa... 

Ky 

Me 

Mich... 
Minn.. 
N.  Y-.. 
N.  Y.... 
Ohio.... 
W.  Va. 
Wis.-.. 

Pa 

Cal 

Conn... 

Ga 

Ill 

Ill 

HI 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

lud 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind , 

Ind , 

Ind , 

Ind , 

Ind 

Ind , 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa..., 
Iowa..., 
Iowa..., 
Iowa..., 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
lowa..- 
lowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.,.. 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa. ... 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan  -... 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Ky 

La 

Me 

Me 

Md 

Mass.... 
Mich... 


296 


J  In  1871,  part  of  Natick  annexed. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


rranklin tp. 

Frnnklin p.v. 

Frankliu tp. 

Franklin h. 

Fntuklia tp 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin ......p.T. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Fi'iinklin .....tp. 

Franklin .......p.h. 

Franklin .......tp. 

Franklin .^....p.T. 

Frankliu  1 tp. 

Franklin* tp. 

Franklin .......tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin ^ tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin p.T. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin p.T. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Frank!  in  * .^...tp. 

Franklin .......tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Frankliu tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin .....tp. 

Franklin T. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin p.T. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin b. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin '. tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin t. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin v. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin v. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin c. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin..  „ tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin p.T. 

Franklin p.T. 

Franklin p.tp. 

Franklin p.T. 

Franklin p.T. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin  „ tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin ....p.h. 

Franklin tp. 

Franklin  City p.h. 

Franklin  Falls p.T. 


County. 


Lenawee 

Oakland 

Wright 

Andrew 

Dent 

Greene 

Grundy  „ 

Howards 

Howard 

Laclede 

Miller 

Newton 

Frankliu 

Merrimac 

Herri  mac 

Bergen 

Essex 

Gloucester. 

Hunterdon 

Somerset 

Warren- 

Delaware 

Delaware 

Franklin 

Macon 

Macon 

Rowan 

Sampson 

Surry 

Adams 

Brown 

Clermont 

Columbiana.... 

Coshocton 

Darke 

Franklin 

Fulton 

Harrison 

Harrison 

Jackson- 

Licking 

Mercer 

Monroe 

Morrow 

Portage 

Richland 

Boss 

Shelby 

Summit 

Tuscarawas 

Warren 

Warren 

Wayne 

Adams...., 

Alleghany 

Beaver 

Bradford 

Butler 

Cambria 

Carbon 

Chester. 

Columbia 

Erie 

Fayette 

Greene 

Huntingdon.... 

Lehigh 

Luzerne 

Luzerne 

Lycoming 

Snyder 

Snyder 

Susquehanna.. 

Venango 

Washington.... 
Westmoreland, 

York 

Williamson 

Robertson 

Franklin 

Southampton.. 

Pendleton 

Jackson 

Kewaunee 

Manitowoc 

Milwaukee 

Sauk 

Sheboygan 

Vernon 

Accomack 

Merrimac 


Mich... 
Mich... 
Minn  .. 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Neb 

N.  H... 
N.  U.... 
N.  J .... 
N.J-.. 
N.  J  -.. 
N.  J  -.. 
N.  J  „.. 
N.  J .... 

N.  y.... 

N.  Y„.. 
N.  Y-.. 
N.  C... 

N.  C 

N.  C„.. 

N.  C 

N.  C 

Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio-.., 
Ohio-.., 
Ohio...., 

Ohio 

Ohio-.., 

Ohio 

Ohio...., 

Ohio 

Ohio...., 
Ohio-.., 
Ohio-.., 
Ohio-.., 

Ohio 

Ohio-.., 
Ohio...., 
Ohio-.., 
Ohio-.., 
Ohio-.., 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio-.., 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa. , 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Tenn... 

Tex , 

Vt 

Va 

W.  Va. 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis.-.. 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis.-.. 

Va 

N.  H... 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


1,459 


1,029 

2,474 

227 


622 
1,238 


2,301 
2,899 


2,188 
1,342 
3,912 
1,655 
3,283 
681 
1,195 
1,310 


1,184 
1,.309 

C29 
2,172 
1,225 
3,298 

866 

972 
1,306 
2,629 

999 
1,153 


1,665 

847 

831 

1,418 

1,011 

3,037 

94;$ 

1,082 

839 

1,887 

998 

3,012 

1,832 

1,302 

2,176 

710 

676 

705 

1,047 

426 

1,912 

922 

606 

994 

1,299 

1,500 

1,355 


644 


739 
934 


849 
3,908 
1,074 
1,796 

910 
1,562 


1,612 


1,280 

1,597 

2,090 

786 


1,231 


1,532 

151 

1,598 

76 

1,330 

1,451 

1,261 

1,938 

250 

933 

1,007 

1,767 

78 

3,265 

466 

2,206 

1,617 

2,480 

1,338 

3,818 

1,529 

2,907 

660 

1,184 

1,840 

207 

1,820 

1,774 

899 

1,541 

1,165 

3,402 

869 

1,053 

1,871 

3,810 

1,207 

1,216 

132 

1,502 

818 

1,015 

1,251 

957 

4,141 

967 

1,233 

999 

2,203 

1,166 

4,148 

2,385 

1,460 

2,499 

793 

739 

702 

1,047 

734 

1,741 

966 

543 

1,020 

1,373 

1,986 

1,129 

215 

593 

237 

994 

1,247 

130 

815 

6,010 

1,189 

1,704 

952 

l,6:i2 

311 

1,439 

477 

273 

531 

1,601 

1,875 

1,819 

1,010 

95 

1,319 

97 

1,957 


Franklin  Furnace..p.T, 

Franklin  GroTe p.T, 

Franklin  Hill v. 

FranklinlronWorks.pT 

Franklin  Mills p.h. 

Franklin  S(iuare....y. 

Franklinton p.h. 

Franklinton p.h. 

Franklinton tp. 

Franklinton p.T. 

Franklintown p.b. 

Franklinville i.h. 

Franklinville t. 

Franklinville tp. 

Franklinville p.T. 

Franklinville T. 

Franklinville  * tp. 

Frankl  inville p.T. 

Frank  Pierce p.h. 

Frankstown tp. 

Frankstown p.T. 

Franksville p.h. 

Frankton p.T. 

Franktown p.T. 

Frankville tp. 

Frankville p.T. 

Fraser tp. 

Fraser tp. 

Frazee  City .p.h. 

Frazer p.h. 

Frazer tp. 

Frazeysburg p.T. 

Frederic p.T. 

Frederic tp. 

Frederica p.T. 

Frederica tp. 

Frederica p.h. 

Frederick tp. 

Frederick p.T. 

Frederick c. 

Frederick tp. 

Frederick .p.T. 

Fredericksburg T. 

Fredericksburg p.T. 

Fredericksburg tp. 

Fredericksburg p.T. 

Fredericksburg v. 

Fredericksburg h. 

Fredericksburg p.T. 

Fredericksburg T. 

Fredericksburg. ..-p.T. 

Fredericksburg p.T. 

Fredericksburg c. 

Frcdericktown h. 

Fredericktown p.T. 

Fredericktown p.T. 

Fredonia p.h. 

Fredonia. p.T. 

Fredonia tp. 

Fredonia p.T. 

Fre<lonia p.T. 

Fredonia tp. 

Fredonia p.T. 

Fredonia p.h. 

Fredonia p.b. 

Fredonia -p.tp. 

Freeborn tp. 

Freeborn p.h. 

Freeborn tp. 

Freeburg p.T, 

Freeburg 

Freedmantown, 

Freedom , 

Freedom 

Freedom 

Freedom tp. 

Freedom tp. 

Freedom —tp. 

Freedom tp. 

Freedom tp. 

Freedom p.T, 

Freedom tp. 

Freedom tp. 

Freedom ~.tp. 

Freedom tp. 

Freedom p.T. 

Freedom tp. 

Freedom tp. 

Freedom h. 

Freedom p.tp. 

Freedom —tp. 


..p.T. 

— T, 

-.tp. 
-.p.tp. 
..p.T. 


County. 


Sussex 

Lee 

Garrett 

Oneida 

Fulton 

Queens 

Henry 

Schoharie 

Franklin 

Franklin 

York 

Carroll 

Baltimore 

Cattaraugus..., 
Cattaraugus... 

Suflfolk 

Randolph 

Randolph 

Johnson , 

Blair 

Blair 

Racine 

Madison 

Washoe 

Winneshiek-. 
Winneshiek-. 

Bay 

Martin 

Becker 

Buchanan , 

Colleton 

Muskingum-., 

Monroe , 

Crawford , 

Kent 

Bremer.- 

Bremer 

Schuyler 

Schuyler 

Frederick , 

Jlontgomery ., 
Montgomery ., 
Montgomery ., 
Washington..., 

Chickasaw , 

Chickasaw 

Miami 

Warren 

Wayne 

Blair 

Lebanon  

Gillespie 

Spottsylvania- 
Columbiana-.. 

Knox 

Washington-.. 

Crawford 

Louisa 

Plymouth 

Wilson 

Caldwell 

Calhoun 

Chautauqua-.. 

Licking 

Mercer 

Ozaukee 

Freeborn 

Freeborn 

Dunklin 

St.  Clair 

Snyder 

Lincoln 

Carroll 

La  Salle 

Owen 

Palo  Alto.- 

Bourbon 

Phillips 

Republic 

Waldo 

Waldo 

Washtenaw 

Waseca 

Lafayette 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Cattaraugus-., 

Henry 

Noble 

Portage 

Wood 


State. 


N.J... 

Ill 

Md.... 
NY-. 

Pa. 

N.  Y-. 
Ky 

N.  Y-. 
N.  C.„. 
N.  C-. 

Pa 

Md .... 
Bid .... 
N.Y-. 
N.Y-. 
N.  Y-. 
N.  C-., 
N.  C-. 
Iowa.., 

Pa 

Pa 

Wis.-. 
Ind.... 
Nev.-. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Mich.. 
Minn . 
Minn. 
Mo  .... 
S.  C... 
Ohio-. 
Iowa.. 
Mich.. 

Del 

Iowa.., 
Iowa.. 

Ill 

Ill 

Md .... 

Pa 

Pa 

Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Tex 

Va 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Ky 

Mich.... 

N.Y 

Ohio 

Pa 

Wis 

Minn ... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

Ill 

Pa 

N.  C 

HI 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Me 

Me 

Mich.... 
Minn .- 

Mo 

N.  H 

N.  H.... 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio.... 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


1,956 
305 
181 


1,659 
T,628 
T,553 


270 

271 

1,154 


956 

669 

8,526 

1,818 


160 
611 


480 

1,164 

4,046 

80 

690 


155 
1,031 
2,546 


1,688 
362 


1,104 
920 


811 

1,262 


716 


1,261 
8:52 

2,559 
737 


1,371 
812 


781 
1,089 


79D 
730 
260 
3.52 

36 
2«7 

64 

77 

3,C5l 

484 

234 

38 
2(H 
1,983 
672 
128 
944 
360 

31 

1,75.'» 

358 

9<J 
391 

lis 

970 
168 
300 
269 
97 
43 

1,708 
484 
121 
171 
696 
614 
77 
489 
218 

8,669 

1,944 
104 
176 
255 
96S 
203 
104 
62 
660 
179 
685 

1,086 

6,010 
70 
850 
160 
68 
167 
376 
923 
191 

1,097 

2,692 
86 
3-23 

1,839 

414 

72 

1,663 

1,038 
623 
226 
781 

1,163 
237 
26S 

1,159 
391 
682 
652 
173 

1,373 
989 

2,895 
714 
168 

1,312 

1,235 
81 
804 

1,667 


'  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 
20 


s  In  1874,  from  part  of  Bellville.  s  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


t  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 

297 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PUms. 


Weedom... 
TVeedom... 
SVMdom... 
FrBedom..., 
Freedom.. 


tp. 

Pb. 

tp. 

.....h. 
,.p.tp, 


Freedom tp. 

Freehold tp. 

Frf«hoId -p.T. 

Freehold ~ p.r. 

Freehold  ......^ tp. 

Freehold.- p.r. 

FreeUnd .........p.r. 

FreeUnd tp. 

Freeland p.b. 

FreeUndTille p.r. 

Frveman p-tp. 

Freeman.. tp. 

Freeman p.v. 

Freeman p.tp. 

Freeman8barg p.b. 

Freeport c. 

Freeport h. 

Freeport ^ p.h 

Freeport 

Freeport..... 


Freeport 

Freeport 

Freeport 

Freeport..... 

Freeport 

Freeport 

Freeport 

Free  Soil 

Freetown...- 
Freetown.. 


tp, 

p.' 

PV 

pv. 

tp. 

P-T. 

h. 

T. 

Pb. 

Ptp. 

ptp. 

tp. 


Freetown  CornerB...p.h. 

Frelinghuysen tp. 

Fremont (p. 

Fremont tp. 

Fremont h. 

Fremont tp. 

Fremont p.T. 

Fremont tp. 

Fremont tp. 

Fremont tp. 

Fremont tp. 

Fremont tp. 

Fremont tp. 

Fremont tp. 

Fremont tp. 

Fremont tp. 

Fremont p.T. 

Fremont tp. 

Fremont tp. 

Fremont p.tp. 

Fremont tp. 

Fremont tp. 

Fremont tp. 

Fremont tp. 

Fremont p.tp, 

Fremont p.v, 

Fremont p.tp, 

Fremont tp. 

Fremont fp. 

Fremont p.v. 

Fremont c. 

Fremont p.h. 

Fremont v. 

Fremont tp. 

Fremont tp. 

Fremont p.T. 

Fremont  Centre p.T. 

Fremont  City v. 

French.- tp. 

Frenchburg p.T. 

French  Camps p.v. 

French  Corral- p.T. 

French  Creek™ p.tp, 

French  Creek p.tp. 

French  Creek.- v, 

French  Creek.-.;.... tp. 

French  Creek  > tp. 

French  Gulch p.T. 

French  Lake p.tp. 

French  Lick p.tp. 

French's  Creek tp. 

Frenchtown tp. 

Frenchtown p.h. 

Frenchtown p.b. 

FrenchvUle- tp. 

Freshwater.... tp. 


Oonntjr. 


SUtc. 


Population. 


1870.     1880, 


Adamt » 

B««Ter 

Blair 

Venango 

Oatagamie. 

Sauk 

Monmouth 

Monmouth 

Greene 

Warren- 

Warren 

Clear  Creek 

Lac  Qui  Parle. 

Ijiizerne 

Knox  - 

FrHiiklin 

Freeborn 

Ch8S 

Crawford 

Northampton... 

Stephenson 

Jiirkson 

Shelby 

Cumberland 

Cuml>erland 

Barry 

Queens.- 

Harrison 

Harrison 

Warren  _ 

Wood „.., 

Armstrong' 

Mason 

Bristol 

Cortland 

Cortland ., 

Warren- 

Santa  Clara 

Lake 

Carroll 

Steuben 

Steuben 

Benton 

Bremer 

Buchanan 

Butler. 

Cedar 

Clarke 

Fayette- 

Hamilton 

Johnson 

Mahaska 

Page 

Winneshiek 

Lyon.- 

Isabella 

Saginaw 

Sanilac  m 

Tuscola.- 

Winona 

Dodge 

Rockingham.... 

Steuben 

Sullivan 

Wayne 

Sandusky 

Chester 

Snyder 

Clark 

Waupaca 

Wanpaca 

Newaygo 

Fremont 

Adamr 

Menifee- , 

Choctaw 

Nevada.- 

Allamakee 

Chautauqua-.., 

Lorain , 

Mercer 

Venango 

Shasta 

Wright 

Orange 

Bladen 

Monroe 

tlissonla 

Hunterdon 

Aroostook 

Colnsa 


P» 

P» 

Pa 

P» 

Wis.-.. 

WU 

N.J.-., 
N.  J.-., 
N.  Y.., 

Pa 

Pa 

Col 

Miun. 

Pa 

Ind.... 

Me 

Minn . 

Mo 

Wis.... 

Pa 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Me 

Me 

Mich.. 
N.  Y... 
Ohio- 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 

Pa, 

Mich.. 
Mass.. 
N.  Y... 
N.  Y-. 
N.  J.... 

Cal 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind.... 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa... 
Iowa.. 
Iowa... 
Iowa.. 
Iowa. . 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa. . 
Iowa.. 
Kan-. 
Mich.. 
Mich.. 
Mich.. 
Mich.. 
Minn. 
Neb... 
N.  H. . 
N.  Y... 
N.  Y... 
N.  0.. . 
Ohio... 

Pa 

Pa 

Wis.... 
Wis.... 
WU.... 
Mich.. 
Iowa.. 
Ind.... 

Kv 

Miss... 
Cal .... 
Iowa.. 
N.  Y-. 
Ohio-. 

Pa. 

Pa 

Cal ..... 
Minn . 
Ind.... 
N.  C„. 
Mich... 
Men  -.. 
N.  J-... 

Me 

Cal 


440 
034 

1,020 


1,3.30 

778 

4,231 


1,316 


608 
C94 

1,279 

043 

7,889 


2,457 


1,016 


1,640 

142 

1,372 

90C 


1,113 

2,018 
1.015 


902 
392 
946 
613 
654 
665 
1,1(50 
484 
499 
390 
965 


307 

6C1 

649 

342 

170 

640 

661 

1,0()6 

1,195 

527 

1,119 

2,218 


6,455 


175 


791 
973 


999 
1,:«0 


221 
1,599 
1,176 
2,115 


912 
1,861 


644 

023 

1,228 

66 

1,663 

1,332 

4,302 

2,432 

140 

1,574 

122 

447 

179 

624 

874 

649 

772 

309 

1,544 

6.34 

8,516 

86 

95 

2,279 

304 

166 

1,217 

1,319 

S87 

85 

216 

1,614 

318 

1,329 

844 

79 

1,042 

2,163 

1,116 

63 

1,344 

&32 

986 

888 

753 

791 

1,126 

670 

726 

658 

1,210 

143 

1,105 

692 

912 

850 

484 

1,188 

1,117 

893 

3,013 

624 

1,277 

2,025 

246 

8,446 

69 

100 

203 

879 

303 

902 

378 

1,032 

143 

420 

622 

761 

1,042 

294 

1,093 

1,286 

199 

589 

1,701 

1,372 

2,485 

50 

1,039 

2,288 

1,496 


Place. 


Fresno  City- ....p.T, 

Frewsburg -...p.T, 

Freystown h. 

Friar's  Point p.T, 

Friliurg tp. 

Frldley p.tp. 

Frledens p.h. 

Friedensburg v. 

Friedensburg- p.h. 

Friend p.T. 

Friend's  Creek tp. 

Friendship p.h. 

Friendship p.tp. 

Friendship p.h 

Friendship tp. 

Friendship tp. 

Friendship tp. 

Friendship p.T, 

Friendship p.tp. 

Friendship p.h. 

Friendship v. 

Friendship tp. 

Friendship.- p.T. 

Friendship p.v. 

Friendship tp. 

Friendsville p.v. 

Friendsville p.b. 

Friendsville p.T. 

Friendswood p.h. 

Frio  Town p.v. 

Frisco p.h. 

Frisco p.T. 

Fristoe tp. 

Fritztown p.h. 

Frizelburg p.v. 

Frohna p.h. 

Frontenac p.v. 

Front  Boyal p.v. 

Froet tp. 

Frostburg p.h. 

Fruitland tp. 

Fruitport tp. 

Fruitport p.v. 

Frultville tp. 

Fryburg p.v. 

Fryburg p.v. 

Frj'eburg tp. 

Fryeburg p.h. 

Frye  Village v. 

Frystown v. 

Fugit tp. 

Fulda p.h. 

Fulda p.T. 

Fulda p.h. 

Fullcrsburg p.T. 

Fullerton v. 

Fullerv'lelronW'ks.p.v, 

Fulton p.v. 

Fulton p.h. 

Fulton tp. 

Fulton p.v. 

Fulton tp. 

Fulton p.v. 

Fulton tp. 

Fulton- tp. 

Fulton p.v. 

Fulton p.T. 

Fulton T. 

Fulton  - tp. 

Fulton  - p.T. 

Fulton tp. 

Fulton p.v. 

Fulton p.v. 

Fulton tp. 

Fulton tp. 

Fulton p.h. 

Fulton tp. 

Fulton tp. 

Fulton p.tp. 

Fulton p.v. 

Fulton V. 

Fulton tp. 

Fulton p.T. 

Fulton  Station v. 

Fulton  ville p.v. 

Funk's  Grove tp. 

Funkstown p.v. 

Furnace v. 

Furnace p.h. 

Fumaceviile p.v. 

Furr tp. 


Oonnty. 


Fresno.. ...>. 

Chautauqua- 

Berks 

Coahoma 

Otter  TaU , 

Anoka 

Somerset 

Berks 

Schuylkill 

Saline 

Macon 

Kipley 

Knox 

Anne  Arundel-... 

Kmmctt 

Yellow  Medicine 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Guilford 

Scioto 

Huntingdon 

Clarendon 

Crockett. 

Adams 

Fond  du  Lac 

Wabash 

Susquehanna 

Blount 

Hendricks 

Frio 

Summit 

Beaver 

Benton.- 

Berks 

Carroll 

Perry 

Goodhue 

Warren 

Clare 

Jefferson 

Muskegon 

Muskegon 

Muskegon 

Currituck 

Auglaize 

Clarion 

Oxford 

Oxford 

Essex 

Y^ork 

Decatur 

Si>encer 

Murray 

Noble 

Du  Page 

McKean 

St.  Lawrence 

Hempstead 

Sonoma 

Whiteside 

Whiteside 

Fountain 

Jackson 

Muscatine 

Webster 

Bourbon 

Fulton 

Greenup 

Gratiot 

Itawamba 

Callaway 

Callaway 

Oswego 

Schoharie 

Davie 

Davie 

Fulton 

Lancaster 

Clarendon 

Lauderdale 

Ohio 

Rock 

Bock 

Obion 

Montgomery 

McLean 

Washington 

Bristol 

Worcester. 

Wayne 

Stanley 


State. 


Population. 


1870.     1880. 


OW.... 
N.  Y.. 
Pa.... 
Miss- 
Minn 
Minn 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa..... 
Neb„. 

Ill 

Ind... 
Me.... 
Md... 
Mich. 
Minn 
N.  Y.. 
N.  Y.. 
N.  C... 
Ohio.. 

Pa 

S.  C... 
Tenn, 
Wis.- 
Wis.- 

Ill 

Pa 

Tenn ... 

Ind... 

Tex... 

Col.-. 

Utah. 

Mo.... 

Pa 

Md... 
Mo.... 
Minn 
Va.... 
Mich. 

Pa 

Mich.... 

Mich, 

Mich. 

N.C.- 

Ohio., 

Pa 

Me.... 
Me... 
Mass, 

Pa 

Ind... 
Ind... 
Minn 
Ohio., 

Ill 

Pa.... 
N.  Y., 
Ark... 
Cal ... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind... 
Iowa. 
Iowa.... 
Iowa... 
Kan ..., 

Ky 

Ky 

Mich.., 
Miss-., 

Mo 

Sto 

N.  Y„.. 
N.  Y„.. 

N.C 

N.  C 

Ohio-.. 

I'a. 

8.C 

Toun... 
W.  Va.. 

Wis 

Wis 

Tenn  .. 
N.  Y„.. 

Ill 

Md 

Mass.... 
Mass.... 
N.  Y.... 
N.C 


1,638 
""890 


1,628 

474 

1,348 


1,440 


70 
1,101 


1,401 


705 
"'228 

"lioo 

'i',507 


1,630 


2,1  C2 

1,875 

916 


1,276 
106 


1,170 
132 
4,50.5 
liJiSS 
3,.'>07 
2,(00 
2,320 


1,328 

1,888 
1,087 


333 
2,168 


1,117 
818 
671 


1,044 


298 


1  Since  1870,  are*  redaced. 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  KETURNS  OP  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


County. 


iabriel's  Creek tp. 

iadsdon p.T. 

iad^deu p.T. 

iaffiiey  City p. v. 

ialiauaa p.r. 

fniiiea tp. 

■nines p.  v. 

iaiuea tp. 

iainea tp. 

iaines p.r. 

iniuos p.tp. 

Jainesbo  rough p.  v. 

JaiuesTillo p.  v. 

taiaesTille p.v, 

;ainc8ville p.v, 

iaiuesville p.r. 

iainosville p.r, 

>aine8TiIle.„ p.r. 

iaiuesrille p.tp. 

iaiiiesville p.r. 

ratnosville p.h. 

loinHborough.. p.h. 

ialnaborough r. 

iale tp. 

kile tp. 

lalen tp. 

ialena p.h.- 

lalena c. 

Ialena w....p.r. 

lalena tp. 

laleua ..^ p.r. 

lalena p.r. 

lalena „ tp. 

lalena tp. 

lalena mm p.h. 

lalena p.r. 

lalena r. 

lalea tp. 

lalesbnrg c. 

lalesburg tp. 

lalesbnrg tp. 

lalesburg p.h. 

lalesbnrg p.h. 

lale's  Ferry p.h. 

lales  villa p.r. 

lalion M ^tp. 

lalien „ p.r. 

lalilee „tp. 

lallon c. 

falisteo v. 

'alivant'g  Ferry.. ..p.tp. 

tallagliorville r. 

lallatia tp. 

ralliitia p.r. 

allatin tp. 

lalliitin p.r. 

allatin ~.tp. 

lallafin p.r. 

•allauher tp. 

lallia  Furnace p.r. 

allipolia c. 

alHixilig tp. 

allitzin tp. 

allitzin p.b. 

allmaii ~..p.h. 

alloway tp. 

alloway  > tp. 

alloway p.v. 

alloway p.h. 

allupville....» p.v. 

alt „ p.h. 

alva M »..tp. 

alva „ p.v. 

alva tp. 

alva p.h. 

alvoston p.v. 

alvoston ^ c. 

alway tp. 

al  way p.v."? 

ambier p.v. 

amble «m.  tp. 

angoa ^...p.tp. 

«nges.....M». p.h. 

ang  Mills V. 

anier ^..tp. 

ann p.v. 

anBeToort._....M.Mp.v. 

anariUe p.h. 

antt tp. 

«P M p.r. 

•p  Civil...  .„ ^tp. 




Madison 

Etowuh 

Crockett 

Spartanburg 

Franklin 

Genesee 

Genesee 

Kent 

Orleans 

Orleans 

Tioga 

Jackson 

Sumter 

Greene 

Hall 

Allen 

Hancock 

Ozark 

Wyoming 

Cook 

Prince  William.. 

Frederick , 

Uoanoke 

Marion 

Trempealeau , 

Wayne 

liawrence , 

Jo  Daviess , 

Floyd 

La  Porte 

Cherokee 

Kent 

Martin „., 

Jasper 

Stone 

Delaware 

Scioto 

Redwood 

Knox 

Knox 

Kingman 

Neosho 

Jasper ., 

New  London 

Trempealeau 

Berrien ^ 

Berrien 

Manitoa 

Crawford 

Santa  ¥6 „. 

Horry , 

Chester 

Saline > 

Saline , 

Clay 

Daviess 

Columbia ^., 

Sumner 

Clinton 

Gallia m 

Gallia 

Gallia 

Cambria. 

Cambria 

Copiah 

Christian^ 

Atlantic, 

Franklin,;; 

Fayette 

Schoharie- 

\Vliitosl(le„ M.. 

Henry 

Henry „^ 

Ida M 

McPherson 


Galveston.. 

Saratoga 

Saratoga 

Knox M 

Lycoming. ^., 

Allegan 

Richland „ 

Steuben mm.... 

Kankakee 

Kno.x 

Saratoga mm... 

Winn M. 

Greenville 

Lancaster m.. 

Alleghany „.. 


State. 


N.  0. 
Ala... 
Tenn 
S.  C, 
Ohio. 
Mich 
Mich 
Mich 
N.Y. 
N.Y., 
Pa.... 
Tenn 
Ala... 
Ark.. 

Ga 

Ky... 
Miss.. 
Mo  ... 
N.Y., 
Tex... 
Va...., 
Va.... 
Va.... 
Kan.. 
Wis... 
N.Y.. 
Dakota. 

Ill 

Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Kan... 
Md.... 
Minn . 
Mo  ...., 
Mo ..... 
Ohio..., 
Ohio..., 
Minn.. 

Ill 

Ill , 

Kan..., 
Kan... 

Mo 

Conn ., 

Wis.-.. 

Mich.., 

Mich.., 

Mich.., 

Ohio..., 

N.  Mex. 

S.O., 

Pa 

HI 

Ill 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y„... 
Tenn.... 

Pa 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Miss..... 

Mo 

N.  J 

Ohio.... 
Tenn ... 

N.  Y 

111.. 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Kan  _.M 

Ind 

Tcx._... 
N.  Y-... 

N.  Y 

Ohio.... 

Prt„ 

Mich.... 
Ohio..... 

N.  Y 

III- 

Ohlo„... 
N.  Y — 

La- 

S.  C 

Pa- 

N.  C-... 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


1,316 


1,205 

2,196 

250 

440 


472 
'1,612 


1,460 
6,706 


7,019 
"'867 
'"'iffi 


10,158 
878 


1,068 
866 


203 
3,523 


1,089 

'i'ai'g 
'2',24'i 


1,416 

2,12.3 

252 


3,711 
868 
977 


480 
2,800 


3,096 
2,160 


390 
13,818 
2,174 

""dsi 

"i',255 


1,582 
159 


844 
'958 


1,.S72 

1,697 
231 
400 
235 

1,782 
344 

1,369 

2,3.38 
185 
608 
352 
960 
284 

1,919 
153 
207 
165 

1,787 

2,607 

80 

66 

341 

866 

1,780 

6,461 
69 

6,451 
175 
940 

1,463 
347 
188 

6,966 

86 

250 

214 

195 

11,437 

748 

351 

63 

81 

97 

410 

1,292 
413 
177 

6,035 
506 

1,111 
107 

1,874 
674 

2,772 

1,141 

1,2.52 

1,038 
385 
136 

4,400 
827 
437 
799 
83 
776 

2,337 

182 

91 

258 

86 

3,000 

2,148 

320 

87 

415 

22,248 

1,902 
187 
670 
779 

1,403 

9S 

372 

1,391 
153 
l.i9 
47 

1,732 
285 

1,512 


Place. 


Oarberrille  - p.li. 

Oarbuttsrille r. 

Garden MM..p.tp. 

Garden tp.  " 

Garden tp. 

Garden  City tp. 

Garden  City p.v. 

Garden  City p.r. 

Garden  City p.r. 

Garden  Grore tp. 

Garden  Grove p.v. 

Garden  Plain p.tp. 

Garden  Plain -.p.tp. 

Garden  Pi-airie p.v. 

Garden  Valley tp. 

Gardenville p.r. 

GardenviUe M...p.r. 

Gardenville p.h. 

Gardiner p.tp. 

Gardiner tp. 

Gardiner p.r. 

Gardiner's  Igland..i9l. 

Gardner p.r. 

Gardner tp. 

Gardner tp. 

Gardner p.r. 

Gardner p.tp. 

Gardner tp. 

Gardner's -tp. 

Gardner's  Ferry  ....r. 
Gardner's  Station... p.r. 

Gardners  vllle  - p.h. 

Garfield p.r. 

Garfield. tp. 

Garfield p.r. 

Garfield p.v. 

Garland p.tp. 

Garland p.r. 

Garlick  Falls M..h. 

Garnarillo tp, 

Gamavillo p.r. 

Garner p.r. 

Garner. tp. 

Garner  Station p.r. 

Garnett p.r. 

Garnettsrllle p.r. 

Garoga p.h. 

Garrett. tp. 

Garrett p.r. 

Garrett p.r. 

Garrett p.h. 

Garrcttsrille M..p.r. 

Garrison M.p.r. 

Garrison p.r. 

Garrison's p.r. 

Garvin tp. 

Garwin m p.h. 

Garysburg p.h. 

Gasconade « tp. 

Gasconade tp. 

Gaskill tp. 

Gasper tp. 

Gas  port p.r. 

Gassett'g  Station  ....p.h. 

Gaston tp. 

Gastonia p.r. 

Gates p.tp. 

Gates'  Mills p.h. 

Gatcsville tp. 

Gatesville p.r. 

Gateavillo p.r. 

Gaultney's tp. 

Gay. tp. 

Gay  nead....M p.tp. 

Gaylesville p.r. 

Gaylord p.r. 

Gaylord p.r. 

Gaylordsrille p.r. 

Gayoso tp. 

Gayoso -.p.r. 

Gaysport- h. 

Gaysport b. 

Gaysvillo -p.r. 

G.iyvillo _..r. 

Gayville mm p.h. 

Gazzaville v. 

Goddcs - tp. 

Geddes m p.r. 

Geigersrille p.h. 

Geigersville p.r. 

Gelatt p.h. 


County. 


Humboldt 

Monroe 

Boone 

Cherokee 

Harvey 

Blue  Earth 

Blue  Earth 

Queens 

Rich 

Decatur , 

Decatur. 

Whiteside , 

Sedgwick , 

Boone , 

Jackson 

Baltimore , 

Erie 

Bucks 

Kennebec 

Ulster 

Ulster 

Sufiblk 

Grundy 

Sangamon , 

Johnson 

Johnson , 

Worcester. 

Door , 

Wilson 

Lackawanna 

Weakley 

Pendleton 

Chafi'ee 

Pawnee 

Pawnee 

Mahoning 

Penobscot. 

Warren- 

Clinton 

Clayton 

Clayton 

Hancock 

Pottawattamie... 

Yalabusha 

Anderson 

Meade 

Fulton 

DougIa«- 

DeKalb 

Somerset 

Meade 

Portage 

Benton 

Pottawatomie.-.. 

Putnam 

Anderson 

Tama 

Northampton 

Laclede , 

Wright 

Jefferson , 

Preble , 

Niagara , 

Windsor ., 

Northampton , 

Gaston 

Monroe 

Cuyahoga. 

Gates 

Gates 

Coryell , 

Alexander , 

Taylor , 

Dukes , 

Cherokee 

Smith , 

Otsego 

Litchfield , 

Pemiscot , 

Pemiscot 

Muskingum 

Blair 

Windsor. 

Lawrence 

Yankton 

Providence 

Onondaga m., 

Onondaga m. 

Yell , 

Carter 

Susquehanna...... 


State. 


Cal ... 
N.Y., 

Iowa. 
Kan.. 
Kan. 
Minn 
Minn ... 

N.  Y 

Utoh.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Ill 

Kan 

III 

Wig 

Md 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Me ..., 
N.  y- 
N.  Y„ 
N.  Y„ 

111 

HI 

Kan.. 
Kan- 
Mass, 
Wis.. 
N.  C. 

Pa 

Tenn 
Ky.... 
Col... 
Kan- 
Kan.. 
Ohio.. 
Me.... 

Pa 

N.  Y„ 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa..., 

Iowa.... 

Miss.... 

Kan 

Ky 

N.  Y 

ni 

Ind 

Pa 

Ky 

Ohio 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

N.  Y 

S.  C 

Iowa.... 

N.  C 

Mo 

Mo 

Pa 

Ohio 

N.  Y 

Vt 

N.  C 

N.  C 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

N.  C 

N.  C.„... 

Tex 

N.  C 

Iowa. ... 
Mass.... 

Ala 

Kan 

Mich..., 
Conn.... 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio 

Pa 

Vt 

Dakota. 
Dakota. 

B.  I 

N.  Y 

N.  Y-... 

Ark 

Ky 

Pa. 


Population. 


1,391 

368 


1,091 


4,497 
1,991 


940 

1,270 

944 


3,333 

403 

1,178 


1,306 


1,226 


1,219 


1,677 


478 
895 


2,310 
'3,'54'i 


1,155 
156 


1,120 

248 
160 


799 


4,,505 
3,029 


48 
172 

»2» 

1,1  ;h 

628 

817 

298 

674 

127 

1,190 

649 

1,119 

531 

140 

1,111 

449 

294 

09 

4,439 

1,794 

130 

40 

786 

1,246 

1,321 

203 

4,988 

603 

1,469 

128 

2«9 

24 

140 

446 

100 

196 

1,211 

422 

67 

1,176 

345 

321 

903 

106  i 

1,.389  • 

178 

69 

1,643 

1,268 

253 

26 

969 

255 

145 

127 

2,239 

99 

'97 

729 

1,233 

640 

803 

267 

62 

3,088 

230 

1,988 

99 

1,363 

187 

434 

1,321 

651 

161 

183 

231 

29-3 

242 

771 

14a 

88 

764 

311 

130 

07 

140 

7,088 

4,283 

77 

352 

47 


>  In  1880,  exelnilTe  of  Egg  narbor  atj. 


299 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PlM«. 


0«nM««., tp. 

Ocneae*. tp. 

0«ne««*  .....M.. p.h. 

0«DMe« tp. 

Sanesw ....» tp. 

QenMM ~.tp. 

QencMe ~.tp. 

OaneaeeTalU- p.tp. 

Oenoaoo tp. 

Otneseo p.r. 

0«neseo tp. 

Oenea«o tp. 

OenetM ......tp. 

O«neaeo ....p.r. 

G«nevm- p.r. 

Geneva- „..tp. 

Gflneva.......... p.r. 

Geneva......... p.r. 

Geneva....... ^..tp. 

Geneva......... p.tp. 

Geneva- _.tp. 

Geneva- p.h, 

Geneva- tp. 

Geneva...... «..tp. 

Geneva- ....p.tp. 

•Geneva— p.v. 

Geneva- tp. 

Geneva- ....e. 

Geneva. tp. 

Geneva. p.v. 

Geneva. p.b. 

Geneva. _ ....tp. 

Geneva ....p.r. 

Geuntown h. 

Cknoa.- ».......tp. 

Genoa p.r. 

Genoa p.h. 

Genoa p.tp. 

Genoa p.v. 

Genoa p.r. 

Genoa tp. 

Genoa p.r. 

Genoa tp. 

Genoa p.r. 

Genoa tp. 

Genoa p.r. 

Genoa v. 

Gentryrille- p.r. 

Geoige- tp. 

George  _ r. 

Georges tp. 

George's  Creek tp. 

Georgesville pji. 

Georgetown U. 

Georgetown tp. 

Georgetow^n p.r. 

Georgetown p.r. 

Georgetown p.r. 

Georgetown Iind. 

Georgetown p.r. 

Georgetown c 

Georgetown -.p.r. 

Georgetown p.r. 

Georgetown tp. 

Georgetown p.r. 

Georgetown tp. 

Georgetown p.r, 

Georgetown p.r, 

Georgetown P-tp. 

Georgetown v. 

Georgetown v. 

Georgetown p.tp, 

Georgetown ...p.tp. 

Georgetown p.r. 

Georgetown p.r. 

Georgetown _.p.r. 

Georgetown tp, 

Georgetown p.r. 

Georgetown p.r. 

Georgetown r. 

Georgetown ....r. 

Georgetown p.r. 

Georgetown ..r. 

Georgetown tp. 

Georgetown „.p.r. 

Georgetown p.h. 

Georgetown p.r, 

Georgetown -tp. 

Georgetown p.r. 

George  ville- p.r. 

Georgia. tp. 

Georgia _ p.r. 

Georgia  City p.h. 

300 


Oonntx. 


Whlteald* 

Geneaee 

Genesee- 

Kandiyohi ... 
Alleghany.... 

Potter «.. 

Waukesha..., 
Wyoming-.., 

Henry , 

Henry 

Ccrro  Gordo . 

Tama 

Livingston ... 
Livingston .., 

Tftlbot , 

Kane- 

Kane- 

Adams 

Jennings...., 

Franklin 

Allen 

Allen- 

Midland 

Van  Buren.., 

Freeborn , 

Fillmore....* 

Ontario 

Ontario 

Ashtabula-.., 
Asbtabula.... 

Crawford 

Walworth- 
Walworth-.. 

Warren 

DoKalb 

De  Kalb 

Wayne » 

Livingston .. 

Nance , 

Douglas 

Cayuga 

Cayuga. 

Delaware.-.. 

Ottawa 

Vernon.- 

Vernon 

Walworth-.. 

Gentry 

Colleton 

Colleton 

Fayette 

Barpwell—.. 

Franklin 

Pope , 

£1  Dorado-... 
EI  Doraiio.... 
Clear  Creek.. 

Fairfield 

Sussex ..., 

Sussex ......... 


Quitman 

Bear  Lake..., 
Vermilion-.. 

Vermilion 

Floyd 

Floyd 

Scott -... 

Sagadahoc..., 
Baltimore-... 

Kent 

Essex ...., 

Ottawa , 

Pettis 

Burlington.., 

Grant , 

Madison 

Madison 

Brown , 

Columbiana. 

Harrison 

Bearer , 

Lancaster-.,, 
Georgetown . 
Georgetown . 

Meies 

Williamson.. 

Polk 

Grant- 

Indiana...—.. 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Jasper 


State. 


HI- 

Mich.... 
Mich.-. 
Minn  ,.. 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Wis 

N.  Y-... 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
N.  Y„ 
N  .Y- 
Ga-... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind..., 
Ind..., 
Iowa. 
Kan.. 
Kan.- 
.Mich. 
Mich. 
Minn 
Neb.„ 
N.  Y„ 
N.Y- 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 
Pa..... 
Wis  .„ 
Wis... 
Ohio.. 

HI 

HI-.., 

Iowa. 

Mich.... 

Neb.„ 

Ner.„ 

N.Y- 

N.  Y- 

Ohio., 

Ohio.. 

Wis.- 

Wis... 

Wis... 

BIc... 

S.  C. 

S.C„. 

Pa 

S.  C. 
Ohio.. 
Ark... 
Cal.... 
Cul.... 
Col.... 
Conn. 
Del ... 
Del ... 
D.  C... 

Ga 

Idaho. 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Ky..... 

Me 

Md  ..,. 
Md...., 
Mass .... 
Mich..- 

Mo 

N.J 

N.  Mex. 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa. 

S.C 

8.  C 

Tenn ... 

Tex 

Wis 

Wis 

Pa- 

Vt 

Vt 

Mo 


Popalation. 


1870.      1880, 


1,271 
1,GG6 


361 
888 
767 

1,462 
979 

4,081 

S,M2 
240 
680 

3,032 


1,820 


2,037 
445 
634 


1,080 
378 


6,521 
2,298 
1,090 


1,040 
""»93 
""99'2 


2,295 


1,050 
658 
685 


2,544 
1,295 


1,023 
""802 


1,863 

710 

11,384 

203 


2,237 
'i',424 


1,670 
1,135 


2,088 
1,474 


1,423 
1,037 


297 


3,520 
2,080 


1,603 


1,440 

1,637 

88 

643 

074 

883 

1,308 
800 

4,671 

8,518 
773 
694 

3,:t40 

1,925 
254 

1,646 

1,239 
467 

2,103 
826 
673 
68 
237 

1,311 
454 
376 

7,412 

6,878 

3,167 

1,903 
34G 

2,899 

1,969 
99 

1,285 
449 
44 

1,008 
187 
313 

2,517 
397 

1,045 
930 
919 
150 
303 
298 

2,028 
279 

3,332 

2,OR5 
97 
92 

1,217 
415 

3,294 
1.59 

2,273 

895 

12,578 

245 

134 

2,608 
741 

1,502 
218 

2,001 

1,080 
198 
181 

2,231 

1,815 
299 
100 
540 

1,490 
270 

1,293 
106 
130 
288 
204 

4,2.33 

2,557 
65 

1,354 
123 
125 
104 

1,504 
164 
93 


VUm. 


Oenrgiana -..p.r. 

Georgiana tp, 

Oerardatown —p.r. 

Gerlaw pii, 

Oornian tp. 

German tp, 

German tp. 

German tp. 

German , ti), 

German tp, 

German tp. 

German tp. 

German tp. 

German tp. 

German ...tp. 

German tp. 

German p.h, 

German tp. 

German tp. 

German tp. 

German p.tp 

German tp. 

German tp. 

German tp, 

German tp. 

German tp. 

German  Flats tp. 

Germania tp. 

Germania p.r. 

Germania - p.r. 

Germansville -h. 

Gernianton p.r. 

German  town tp. 

Gennantown p.r. 

Germantown v. 

Gemiantown v. 

Germantown tp. 

Germantown p.h. 

Gemiantown p.tp. 

Germantown p.v, 

Germantown h. 

Germantown v. 

Germantown v. 

Germantown p.r. 

Germantown v. 

Germantown tp. 

Germantown p.h. 

Germantown tp. 

German  Valley p.r, 

German  ville tp. 

Gornianville tp. 

Germany tp. 

Gerrlsh tp, 

Gerry p.tp, 

Gertrtide. p.h. 

Gervais p.r. 

Gesellsville h. 

Gessie p.v. 

Getty ..p.tp, 

Gettysburg p.tp, 

Gettj'sburg p.r. 

Gettysburg v, 

Gettysburg p.b. 

Gettysburg v. 

Ghent p.r. 

Ghent p.tp. 

Giard tp. 

Giard p.r. 

Gibbon  - p.r. 

Gibbsborough- r. 

Gibesonville p.h. 

Gibraltar- tp, 

Gibson- tp, 

Gibson p.r. 

Gibson p.v, 

Gibson v, 

Gibson tp, 

Gibson p.r, 

Gibson tp. 

Gibson tp. 

Gibson. tp. 

Gi  bson- p.r. 

Gibson p.r. 

Gibson tp. 

GIbsonburg p.r. 

GIbsonton v. 

Gibsonvllle p.r. 

GIddings p.r. 

Giddy  Swamp tp. 

Glesborough r. 

GifTord p.r. 

Gifford p.h. 

Gilbert  Hollow tp. 


Oonnty. 


Butler „.... 

Sacramento.-.. 

Berkeley 

Warren- 

Bichland 

Bartholomew., 

Marsliall 

St.  Joseph 

Vanderburg,., 

Grundy 

Hancock 

Keokuk 

Smith 

Bollinger.-...., 

Madison 

Chenango-.... 
Chenango-.... 

Allen- 

Auglaize , 

Clark 

Darke 

Fulton 

Harrison 

Holmes 

Montgomery., 

Fayette 

Herkimer-.... 

Todd 

Potter 

Marquctte,„.. 

Lehigh.- „ 

Stokes 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Vermilion 

Woodford...... 

Cottonwood-.. 

Seward 

Columbia 

Montgomery.. 
Washington-., 

Alleghany 

Columbia 

Shelby , 

Bath 

Junean 

Juneau ., 

Washington-. 

Morris , 

Livingston .... 

Edgefield 

Adams , 

Roscommon-.. 
Chautauqua... 

Jack , 

Marion 

Fairfield 

Vermilion 

Stearns , 

Graham 

Darke , 

Preble 

Adams 

Indiana 

Carroll 

Columbia.- 

Clayton 

Clayton 

Buffalo 

Camden- 

Hocking 

Door 

Sierra 

Glascock 

Ford 

Knox 

Washington-.. 

Steuben 

Mercer 

Cameron 

Susquehanna- 
Susquehanna.. 

Gibson 

Manitowoc 

Sandusky 

Westmoreland, 

Guilford 

Lee 

Aiken 

Washington- 
Champaign 

Hardin 

Lexington 


Bute. 


Ala 

Cal 

W.  Va- 
in  

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa,.., 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Kan-.., 

Mo 

Mo. 

N.  Y 

N.  Y-.. 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio...., 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio...., 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

N.  Y 

Minn  .. 

Pa 

Wis 

Pa , 

N.  C 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

HI 

Minn ,. 

Neb 

N.  Y.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio-.., 

Pa 

Pa 

Tenn... 

Va 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

N.  J 

Ill 

S.C 

Pa 

Mich... 
N.  Y„.., 

Tex 

Oregon 
Ohio..- 

Ind 

Minn .. 
Kan.... 
Ohio.... 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa , 

Ky 

N.  Y 

Iowa.,,, 
Iowa. ,.. 

Neb 

N.J 

Ohio 

Wis , 

Cal 

Ga. 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

N.  Y-... 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Tenn..,, 

Wis 

Ohio 

Pa 

N.  C 

Tex 

S.C 

D.  C 

111 

Iowa.,,, 
S.  C 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CFriES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF   THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  EETURNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


County. 


Silbert  Hollow p.v. 

Sllberton p.b. 

SilbertsviUe p.  v. 

Silbertville p.v. 

Gilbertville p.v. 

Qilboa tp. 

Gilboa tp. 

Gilboa p.v. 

Gilboa p.v. 

Gilchrist p.tp. 

Gilead pitp. 

Gilead p.v. 

Gilead tp. 

Gilead p.h. 

Gilead p.tp. 

Gilead tp. 

Gilford- p.tp. 

Gilford tp. 

Gill tp. 

Gill p.tp. 

Gillam tp. 

Gillespie tp. 

Gillespie p.v. 

Gillott p.tp. 

Gillett'g  Grove p.tp. 

Gillford tp. 

Gilliam p.h. 

Gillis  Bluff. tp. 

Gillmore tp. 

Gill's  Creek tp. 

Giltuan p.v. 

Gilmaii p.v. 

Gilmau tp. 

Gilmaii tp. 

Gilraaii p.tp. 

Gilmaii  ton tp. 

Gilmanton p.tp. 

Gilmanton  1 tp. 

Gilmanton p.h. 

GilmantonlronW'ka.pv 

Gilmer tp. 

Gilmer  „ tp. 

Gilmer p.v. 

Gilmoro p.tp. 

Gil  more p.v. 

Gilinore tp. 

Gilpin tp. 

Gilroy tp. 

Oilroy p.T. 

Gilsiim tp. 

Gilsum p.v. 

Gingliamsburg p.v. 

Girard „ tp. 

Girard p.v. 

Girard « p.v, 

Girard tp. 

Girard p.v. 

Ginird tp. 

Girard tp. 

Girard p.v. 

Girardviile p.v. 

Qish's  Milla_ p.v. 

Givham tp. 

Glade p.v. 

Glade tp. 

Glade  City v. 

Glade  Creek p.tp. 

Glade  Spring p.v. 

Gladewuter f.v. 

Gladstone p.h. 

Gladwin p.tp. 

Glaize .tp. 

Glasco p.v. 

Glasco p.v. 

Glasford p.v. 

Glasgow p.v. 

Glasgow p.v. 

Glasgow p.h. 

Glasgow ^ p.v. 

Glasgow p.tp. 

Glasgow p.v. 

Glasgow V. 

Glasgow b. 

Glasgow  City  „ v. 

Glassborough p.tp. 

Glastonbury p.tp. 

Glastonbury p.tp. 

Gleeson  Station . p.v. 

Glen p.tp. 

Glen  Allen p.h. 

Olen  Arbor* p.tp. 


Lexington 

Schuylkill , 

Montgomery. ... 
Black  Hawk.... 

Worcester. , 

Benton , 

Schoharie  _ 

Schoharie 

Putnam 

Pope 

Calhoun 

Miami 

Oxford 

Oxford 

Branch 

Morrow 

Tuscola 

Belknap 

Sullivan 

Franklin 

Jasper 

Macoupin 

Macoupin 

Oconto 

Clay 

Wabasha 

Saline 

Butler 

Isabella 

Lancaster. 

Iroquois 

Marshall 

Osceola 

Nemaha. 

Pierce 

Benton 

Belknap 

Buffalo 

Buffalo , 

Belknap 

Adams , 

Guilford 

Upshur 

Benzie 

Tuscarawas. „. 

Greene 

Armstrong , 

Santa  Clara.... 
Santa  Clara.... 

Cheshire 

Cheshire 

Miami 

Macoupin 

Macoupin....... 

Crawford 

Branch 

Branch 

Clearfield 

Krie 

Erie 

Schuylkill 

Roanoke 

Colleton 

Somerset 

Warren 

Warren 

Alleghany 

Washington... 

Gregg 

San  Juan 

Gladwin 

Miller 

Cloud 

Ulster. 

Peoria 

New  Castle 

Scott 

Jefferson 

Barren 

Wabasha 

Howard 

Tuscarawas.... 

Beaver 

Monroe 

Gloucester 

Hartford 

Bennington.-. 

Weakley 

Montgomery . 

Bollinger 

Leelenaw 


Population. 


1870.       1880, 


s.  c 

Pa 

I'a 

Iowa... 
Mitss... 

Ind 

N.T.... 
N.  Y... 
Ohio.... 
Minn... 

Ill 

Ind 

Mo 

Me 

Mich.., 
Ohio..., 
Jlich.. 
N.  H... 
Ind.... 
Mas8„. 

Ind 

Ill 

Ill 

Wis.... 
Iowa.. 
Minn ... 

Mo. 
Mo., 

Mich.... 

S.C , 

111 

Iowa..., 

Iowa..., 

Kan.... 

Wis 

Minn.. 

N.  H.... 

Wis 

Wis 

N.  H.... 

Ill 

N.0._.. 

Tex 

Mich... 

Ohio_.. 

Pa 

Pa 

Cal 

Cal 

N.  H.... 

N.  H..., 

Ohio.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Kan.... 

Mich... 

Mich... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Va 

S.0 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

N.C- 

Va 

Tex..... 

Col 

Mich. . 

Mo 

Kan .... 

N.  Y... 

Ill 

Del ...., 

Ill 

Iowa... 

Ky 

Minn ... 

Mo.... 

Ohio.. 

Pa 

Ill 

N.J... 

Conn. 

Vt 

Tenn. 

N.  Y_ 

Mo.... 

Mich.... 


452 
2,227 


315 
169 
408 


794 
2,017 

353 
3,301 
2,135 

653 

635 


203 

88 

2,040 


503 

193 

1,642 

715 


1,425 
2,311 


169 
133 
703 


3,195 

1,625 

590 


1,230 


490 

2,018 

704 


733 
1,709 
1,795 


3,600 
119 


2,782 


405 


141 

8,098 

284 

155 

1,030 

921 

2,040 

293 

287 

333 

611 

158 

293 

71 

818 

2,653 

761 

2,821 

2,200 

733 

681 

1,419 

432 

637 

181 

955 

66 

172 

261 

2,841 

1,299 

553 

317 

637 

888 

461 

1,485 

640 

58 

189 

1,296 

3,124 

386 

494 

116 

874 

1,190 

3,254 

1,621 

663 

264 

114 

1,635 

1,024 

1,289 

1,326 

179 

575 

2,338 

1,152 

2,730 

168 

1,306 

109 

1,622 

672 

817 

262 

163 

20 

467 

1,588 

207 

900 

154 

101 

249 

86 

1,510 

694 

1,841 

371 

673 

148 

2,088 

3,580 

241 

121 

2,622 

26 

329 


County, 


Glen  Anbrey p.h. 

Glenbeulah p.v. 

Glen  Brook- p.v. 

Glenburn p.tp. 

Glenburn p.b. 

Glencoe p.h. 

Glencoe p.v. 

Glencoe tp. 

Glencoe p.v. 

Glencoe tp. 

Glencoe tp. 

Glencoe p.v, 

Glencoe p.h. 

Glencoe p.v, 

Glencoe p.tp. 

Glencoe  Mills p.v. 

Glendale. tp. 

Glendale p.v. 

Glendale tp. 

Glendale p.v. 

Glendale p.v. 

Crlcndale p.v. 

Glendale v. 

Glendale p.v. 

Glendale tp. 

Glendale p.v. 

Glendon b. 

Glendorado tp. 

Glen  Elder tp. 

Glen  Elder p.v. 

Glenerie v, 

Glenfield p.b. 

Glenham.- p.v. 

Glen  Haven tp. 

Glen  Haven p.v. 

Glen  Hope p.v. 

Glenmore p.h. 

Glcnmore tp. 

Glenn  Spring tp. 

Glenn  Springs p.v. 

Glennville p.h. 

Glen  Kiddle p.v. 

Glen  Rock p.v. 

Glen  Rose p.v. 

Glensdale p.v. 

Glens  Falls p.v. 

Gleuville p.v. 

Glenville h. 

Glenville h. 

Glenville h. 

Glenville p.h. 

Glenville p.tp. 

Glenville v. 

Glenville p.v. 

Glenville p.v. 

Glen  wood h. 

Glenwood p.v. 

Glenwood* tp. 

Glenwood p.v. 

Glenwood tp. 

Glenwood tp. 

Glenwood p.tp, 

Glenwood p.tp, 

Glenwood. tp. 

Glenwood p.v. 

Glenwood v. 

Glenwood p.v. 

Gleeson tp. 

Glidden tp. 

Glidden- p.v. 

Globe p.v. 

Globe tp. 

Glocester. tp. 

Gloucester c. 

Gloucester tp, 

Gloucester tp. 

Gloucester  City c. 

Gloucester  Point....p.h. 

Glover tp. 

Glover p.tp. 

Gloversville- p.v. 

Glyndon p.v. 

GnadenhUtten p.v. 

Gnesen tp. 

Gobleville p.v. 

Godair tp. 

Godfrey , tp. 

Godfrey p.h. 

Goes  Station p.v. 

Goettee tp. 

Goewey tp. 


Broome- 

Sheboygan 

Douglas 

Penobscot 

Lackawanna.... 

Volusia.- 

Cook 

Butler 

Gallatin 

Lake 

McLeod 

McLeod 

St.  Louis 

Belmont 

Buffalo 

Columbia 

Saline 

Berkshire 

Scott 

Beaver  Head... 

Lewis 

Hamilton 

Providence 

Kane , 

Monroe- 

Monroe 

Northampton  „ 

Benton 

Mitchell 

Mitchell 

Ulster 

Alleghany 

Dutchess 

Grant 

Grant 

Clearfield.- 

Oneida 

Brown 

Spartanburg... 

Spartanburg... 

Barbour 

Delaware 

York 

Somerville 

Lewis 

Warren 

Fairfield 

Adair 

McLean 

Washington-.. 

Clay 

Schenectady.... 

Westchester.... 

Cu.yahoga. 

Gilmer 

Iroquois 

Rush 

Mills 

Mills 

Winneshiek-.. 

Phillips 

Aroostook 

Pope 

Schuyler 

Schuyler 

Queens 

Susquehanna.. 

Duplin 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Pinal 

Caldwell 

Providence...., 

Essex 

Camden 

Transylvania., 

Camden 

Gloucester 

Colleton 

Orleans. 

Fulton 

Clay 

Tuscarawas 

St.  Louis 

Van  Buren.... 

Pemiscot 

Madison 

Madison 

Greene 

Hampton 

Osceola. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


720 


487 


676 


387 


1,780 


079 


707 

139 

26 


924 
1,177 


730 
1,814 


637 


N.Y.. 
Wis... 
Nev... 
Me.... 

Pa 

Fla ... 

Ill 

Kan- 
Ky.... 
Mich. 
Minn 
Minn 
Mo.... 
Ohio.. 
Wis- 
N.  Y- 
Kan.. 
Mass. 
Minn 
Mon.. 
N.  Y. 
Ohio.. 
R.  I.- 
Utah. 

Wis 

Wis 

Pa 

Minn.... 

Kan 

Kan 

N.  Y 

Pa 

N.  Y 

Wis 

Wis 

Pa 

N.  Y 

Wis 

8.  C 

S.  C 

Ala 

Pa 

Pa- 

Tex 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Conn..., 

K.V 

Ky 

Ky 

Neb 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

W.  Va.., 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Kan-. 

Me.... 

Minn 

Mo.... 

Mo.... 

N.  Y- 

Pa 

N.  C... 

Iowa. 

Iowa. 

Arizona 

N.C., 

R.1 2,:^85 

Mass....    15,389 

N.  J 2,710 

N.C 372 

N.J 3,082 

Va 

S.C... 

Vt 

N.  Y„, 
Minn.. 
Ohio-. 
Minn. 
Mich., 

Mo 

Ill 

Ill 

Ohio.., 
S.  C..., 
Iowa., 


4,500 


2,973 


174 


2,133 
1,291 
1,1'JO 


185 

214 

1,101 


4S1 

4I« 
177 


1,102 
1,178 
4,518 


2,153 


2,319 


97 
376 
335 
655 
289 
98 
387 
C4S 
181 
126 
680 

1,078 
60 
162 
852 
100 
335 
417 
375 
678 
111 

1,400 
185 
172 

1,401 
153 
982 
211 
847 
165 
124 
538 

1,363 

1,022 
184 
164 
60 

1,070 

2,545 
219 
99 
416 
051 
132 
111 

4,900 
482 
84 
63 
49 
64 

2,746 
183 
797 
236 
57 
216 

2,376 

1,793 

1,192 
388 
198 
464 

1,316 
623 
150 
175 
692 

1,112 
684 
704 
670 

2,250 
19,329 

2,527 
377 

6,347 
72 

1,337 

1,055 

7,133 
406 
330 
29 
251 
257 

2,277 
85 
103 

3,077 
337 


1  Since  1870,  area  reduced 


t  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


«  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


801 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Flac«. 


OofTii .M..>.p.h. 

GofTstown tp. 

OoirMtown p.T. 

Oofbtuwii  C«ntr«...p.T. 

OolconJa p.T. 

Gold _.tp. 

OolUen p.T. 

Oolden p.T. 

Ooldon tp. 

Golden  Bull tp. 

Golden  City p.h. 

Golden  City tp. 

Goldeu  City p.T. 

Golden  Dalo .p.T. 

Goldeu  Valley tp. 

Goldfleld p.b. 

Gold  Hill „p.v. 

Gold  Hill tp. 

Gold  HiU -....„p.T. 

Gold  Mine tp. 

Gold  Run „ p.T. 

Goldsberry tp. 

Goldsborough tp. 

Goldsborough p.T. 

Goldsborough b. 

Goldsmith p.T. 

Goliad p.T. 

Corner tp. 

Gomer p.h. 

Gonic p.T. 

Gonzales p.v. 

Gonyjiles p.T. 

Ooodby'g „.tp. 

Goodo tp. 

Goodell's  IiaDding..h. 

Goodfarm tp. 

Good  Ground. «p.T. 

Goo<l  Hope p.T. 

Good  Hope p.b. 

Good  Hope tp. 

Goodhne~ tp. 

Goodland p.T. 

Goodland p.tp. 

Goodland  > tp. 

OoodlettsvlUe p.T. 

Goodman p.T. 

Goodrich tp. 

Goodrich p.T. 

Goodson T. 

Good  Thunder  Ford.p.T. 

Goodwin p.h. 

Goodwin tp. 

Goodwin p.T. 

Goodwin's  Mills p.T. 

Goose  Creek tp. 

Goose  Lake tp. 

Goose  Lake p.h. 

Goose  Meat tp. 

Gordon p.T. 

Gordon p.T. 

Gordou tp. 

Gordon p.T. 

Cordonsville p.T. 

Gordonsville p.T. 

Gordonsville p.T. 

Qordouville p.h. 

Gore tp. 

Gore tp. 

Goresburg t. 

Goreville »tp. 

Goroville p.h. 

Gorham tp. 

Gorham ~ p.T. 

Gorham p.tp. 

Gorham tp. 

Gorham p.T. 

Gorham tp. 

Gorman ^ tp. 

Gorton ..tp. 

Goshen tp, 

Goshen .p.T. 

Goshen tp. 

Goshen c 

Goalien >. tp. 

Goshen tp. 

Goshen p.h. 

Goahen ~.p.tp. 

Goshen p.h. 

Goshen p.tp. 

Goshen p.T. 

Goahen -tp. 


CooBtjr. 


Nemaha 

Hlllsliorough 

Hillsborough 

Hillsborough 

Popo 

Bureau 

Jefferson 

Adams ».. 

Oofana 

Lincoln 

Tuolumne ^ 

Barton 

Barton _, 

Klikltat 

Rutherford « 

Wright 

Storey .m. 

Ruwan „, 

Ruwan .m. 

Franklin ^ 

Placer m. 

Howell 

Wayne 

Wayne 

York „ 

Tipton  

Goliad 

Caldwell 

Allen 

Strafford 

Monterey ^ 

Gonzales 

Orangeburg...... 

Friinklln 

Wiatcom 

Gnindy 

Suffolk 

McDonough- 

Fayette „. 

Hocking 

Goodhue „. 

Newton 

Lapeer 

Orangeburg 

Davidson 

Holmes 

Crawford 

Genesee 

Washington 

Blue  Earth 

St.  Francis 

Plumas. 

Deuel 

York 

Piatt „. 

Modoc 

Clinton.- 

Mai  tin 

Henry 

Wilkinson 

Todd 

Schuylkill 

Logan 

Smith _.. 

Orange 

Cape  Girardeau.. 

Sumner 

Huron 

Boyle 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Cumberland- 

Cumberland , 

Coos 

Ontario 

Ontario— 

Fulton 

Otter  Tail 

Grant 

Litchfield 

Litchfield , 

Stark 

Elkhart 

Muscatine 

Clay „ 

Oldham 

Hampshire 

MerLer , 

SulliTan 

Cape  May „., 

Orange - 


State. 


Kan 

N.  H 

N.  H..., 
N.  U-.. 

Ill- , 

III- 

Col 

HI 

Mich... 

Kan 

Cal 

Mo 

Mo , 

Wash.., 

N.  C 

Iowa.... 
NeT.-.., 

N.  C 

N.  C 

N.  C 

Cal 

Mo 

N.  0 

N.  C 

Pa 

Ind 

Tex 

Mo 

Ohio 

N.  H.... 

Cal 

Tex 

8.  0 , 

111 

Wash... 

Ill , 

N.  T 

Ill , 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Minn ... 

Ind 

Mich.... 

S.  C 

Tenn ... 

Miss 

Iowa..., 
Mich..., 

Va , 

Minn  .., 

Ark 

Cal 

Dakota, 

Mo 

Ill 

Cal 

Iowa.... 

N.  C 

Ala 

Ga 

Minn ... 

Pa 

Ky 

Tenn.... 

Va 

Mo 

Kan 

Mich.... 

Ky 

HI 

Ill 

Me. 

Mo 

N.  H.... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Minn... 
Minn ... 
Conn.... 
Conn  ... 

Ill- 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Ky 

Mass .... 

Mo 

N.  H.... 

N.J 

N.Y-... 


FopnUtlon. 


1870.      1880. 


1,656 


8&8 
392 
S87 


336 
""i05 
l","l22 


959 
'932 


349 
3,886 
1,134 

310 


1,255 

719 

1,040 


803 
604 


118 

986 
760 


811 
955 


639 
'i',120 


195 

"221 


3,351 


1,167 
2,389 


1,655 


1,223 


1,270 
3,133 
1,381 


368 

""soi 

'3,9C8 


29 

1,699 
661 
177 

1,000 
616 

2,730 
317 
962 
318 
66 
813 
139 
645 

1,013 
99 

4,531 

1,184 
348 

1,102 
377 
681 

4,940 

3,286 
378 
117 
885 
881 
94 
268 
233 

1,581 

1,490 
779 
87 
955 
553 
325 
68 

1,083 

1,013 
628 

1,241 

2,681 
280 
378 
442 
235 

1,562 
149 
82 
633 
113 
178 

1,482 
733 
61 

2,164 
150 
343 
425 
7."^ 
167 
184 
919 
81 
777 
374 
174 

1,482 
38 

3,233 
986 

1,383 

2,521 
286 

2,027 
386 
129 

1,093 
161 

1,192 

4,123 

1,082 
965 
40 
327 
63 
611 
464 

4,387 


FUoe. 


.-.p.v, 

....p.T. 
.p.h, 


Goshen p.T. 

Goshen tp. 

Goshen tp. 

Goahen tp. 

Goshon tp. 

Goshen p.T, 

Goshen tp. 

Goshen tp. 

Goshen tp. 

Goshen tp. 

Goshen p.h 

Goahen p.T, 

Goshen tp, 

Goshen  Hill p.tp, 

Goenold tp, 

Gosport p.T, 

Goeport p.h. 

Gothic p.T. 

Gougleraville p.h. 

Gould p.T. 

Gou  Idsbo  rough tp. 

Gould8l)orongh p.T. 

Gouldsburongh p.T. 

Gouldsborough  Point.h. 

Gouldsvillo p.v. 

Giiuverneur tp, 

GouTerneur p.T. 

GoTanstown p  t. 

Gowanda p.T. 

Gowdeysville p.tp, 

Gowen , 

Gowen , 

Gowen  City 

Gower tp. 

Gower p.T. 

Gowrie tp. 

Gowrie p.T, 

Graceham p.T, 

Gracevillo tp. 

Gracevillo p.b. 

GraddocTille h, 

Grafton tp. 

Grafton p.T. 

Grafton p.T. 

Grafton tp. 

Grafton p.h. 

Grafton p.h. 

Grafton p.tp, 

Grafton tp. 

Grafton p.T. 

Grafton p.tp. 

Grafton p.tp. 

Grafton p.tp. 

Grafton p.tp, 

Grafton p.v. 

Grafton p.h. 

Grafton tp. 

Grafton p.v. 

Grafton p.T. 

Grafton tp. 

Grafton p.T. 

Grafton  Centre p.h. 

Graham p.tp. 

Graham tp. 

Graham tp. 

Graham p.T. 

Graham tp. 

Graham p.v. 

Graham tp. 

Graham p.T. 

Graham  Lake p.tp. 

Graham's  Tumout.p.T. 

Graliamton v. 

Grahamton v. 

Grahamville p.T. 

Grainfleld p.h. 

Grain  Valley p.h. 

Granada p.v, 

Granada  3 p.tp. 

Granbury p.v. 

Granby p.tp. 

Granby p.tp. 

Granby p.tp. 

Granby tp. 

Granby p.v. 

Granby tp. 

Granby p.tp. 

Grand tp. 

Grand  Blanc tp. 

Grand  Blanc p.v. 

Grand  Chnte tp. 


CSoiinty. 


Orange 

Auglaize 

Belmont 

Cham|>algn..., 

Clonnout , 

Clonnont 

Hardin 

Mahoning 

Tuscarawaa.- 

Clearfield 

Henderson ... 

Utah 

Addison 

Union 

Dukes 

Owen 

Marion 

Gunnison 

Berks , 

Greenwood... 

Hancock 

Hancock 

Lackawanna 

Hancock 

Washington.. 
St.  Lawrence 
St.  Lawrence 

Baltimore 

Cattaraugus.. 

Union , 

Montcalm-... 

Luzerne , 

Northumberland. 

Cedar. , 

Clinton- 

Webster 

Webster 

Frederick-..., 

Big  Stone 

Big  Stone-..., 

Accomack 

Yolo 

Yolo 

Jersey 

McIIenry-.... 

Worth 

Cliautauqua— 

Oxford 

Worcester 

Worcester 

Sibley 

Grafton 

Rensselaer.,.., 

Lorain 

Huntingdon-. 

Kane 

Windham 

Windham 

Taylor 

Ozaukee 

Ozaukee 

Grafton- 

Jefferson 

Johnson 

Graham 

Nodaway 

Alamance 

Alamance 

Clearfield 

Young 

Nobles  

Barnwell 

Meade 

Alleghany 

Beaufort 

Gove 

Jackson , 

Bent , 

Nemaha 

Hood 

Hartford 

Hampshire...., 

Nicollet 

Newton 

Newton- 


State. 


Essex.. 

Marion 

Genesee 

Genesee 

Outagamie., 


N.Y- 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 
Ohio- 
Ohio., 
Ohio., 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 

Pa 

Tex.- 
Utah. 
Vt.... 
S.  C.„ 
Mass. 
Ind... 
Iowa. 
Col... 

Pa 

Kan.. 
Me.... 
Me ... 

Pa 

Me  „. 
Vt.... 
N.  Y.. 
N.Y- 
Md ... 
N.Y- 
S.  C... 
Mich. 

Pa 

Pa. 

Iowa. .,. 

Mo 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Md 

Uiua ... 
Minn... 

Va 

Cal 

Cal 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Me 

Mass.... 
Mass.... 
Minn,., 
N,  H.„. 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Pa 

Utah,,.. 

Vt 

Vt 

W.  Va  - 

Wis 

AVis 

N.  H.... 

Ind 

Iowa..,. 

Kan 

Mo 

N.  C 

N.  C 

Pa 

Tex 

Minn ,., 

S.  C 

Ky 

Md 

S.  C 

Kan 

Mo 

Col 

Kan 

Tex 

Conn  ... 
Mass.... 
Slinn .. 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y-.. 

Vt 

Ohio-.. 
Mich... 
Midi... 
Wis 


302 


>  Since  1870,  area  much  increased. 


*  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Grand  Coteaii p.v. 

Grand  Detour tp. 

I     Grand  Detour p.v. 

I     Grand  Falls pint, 

'     Grand  Forks p.v. 

Grand  Glaise Ii. 

I     Grand  Gulf p.T. 

Grand  Haven c. 

I     Grand  Haven tp. 

Grand  Island p.tp, 

Grand  Island p.v. 

Grand  Island P-tp.^ 

!     Grand  Isle p.tp 

',     Grand  Junction p.T. 

;     Grand  Junction p.v. 

Grand  Junction p.v. 

I     Grand  Ledge p.v, 

'     Grand  Meadow tp. 

•  Grand  Mfftidow tp. 

Grand  Meadow tp. 

•  Grand  Meadow p.v. 

Grand  Mound p.v. 

I     Grand  Pass tp. 

'     Grand  Prairie tp. 

Grand  Prairie tp. 

Grand  Prairie tp. 

Grand  Rapids p.h. 

Grand  Rapids tp. 

Grand  Rapids c. 

Grand  Rapids tp. 

Grand  Rapidg p.v. 

Grand  Rapids tp. 

Grand  Rapids p.v. 

Grand  Ridge p.v. 

Grand  River tp. 

Grand  River tp. 

Grand  River tp. 

Grand  River tp. 

Grand  River tp. 

Grand  River tp. 

Grand  River*- tp. 

Grand  Kiver tp. 

Grand  River tp. 

Grand  River tp. 

Grand  River tp. 

Grand  River  City  ...v. 

Grand  Tower tp. 

Grand  Tower p.v. 

Grand  Tunnel p.v. 

Grand  View tp. 

Grand  View p.r. 

Grand  View p.T. 

Grand  View tp. 

Grand  View p.v. 

Grand  View p.tp. 

Grand  View tp. 

Grand  View- p.v. 

Grand  View p.T. 

Grandvllle p.v. 

Grange tp. 

Granger p.v. 

Granger p.h. 

Granger p.tp. 

Granger p.tp. 

Grangeville p.T. 

Granite tp. 

Granite p.T. 

Granite tp. 

Granite p.v. 

Granite  Falls tp. 

Granite  Falls p.T. 

Graniteville p.T. 

Graniteville p.h. 

Graniteville h. 

Graniteville t. 

Graniteville p.T. 

Grant tp. 

Grant V. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Qrant tp. 


County. 


St.  Laudry .... 

Ogle 

Ogle 

Penobscot 

Grand  Forks.. 

Jackson 

Claiborne...... 

Ottawa 

Ottawa 

Colusa 

Hall 

Erie 

Grand  Isle 

Greene 

Van  Buren.... 

Hardeman 

Eaton 

Cherokee 

Clayton™ 

Mower 

Mower 

Clinton- 

Saline 

Jefferson 

Nobles 

Marion 

Lamoure 

La  Salle 

Kent 

Kent 

Wood 

Wood 

Wood 

La  Salle 

Adair 

Decatur 

Madison 

Wayne 

Sedgwick 

Bates 

Carroll 


Daviess 

De  Kalb 

Livingston 

Eaton 

Jackson- 

Jackson 

Luzerne , 

Edgar 

Edgar. 

Spencer- 

Louisa 

Louisa 

Lyon , 

Washington 

Washington , 

Johnson , 

Kent 

Pipe  Stone 

Fillmore , 

Scotland 

Alleghany , 

Medina.- „ 

Idaho 

Sacramento 

Chaffee 

Phillips 

Chesterfield 

Chippewa.- , 

Yellow  Medicine, 

Middlesex- ..., 

Iron 

Richmond , 

Providence , 

Aiken 

Lake „., 

McDonough 

Vermilion- 

Benton.- 

Greene 

Newton 

Adams 

Boone 

Buena  Vista- 

Carroll 

Cass 

Cerro  Gordo 

Dallas 

Franklin 

Greene 


State. 


La... 

III..., 

III..., 

M...., 

Dak. 

Ark. 

Miss, 

Mich.... 

Mich... 

Cal 

Neb.„.., 
N.  Y-.. 

Vt , 

Iowa..., 
Mich..., 
Tenn..., 
Mich..., 
Iowa. ... 
Iowa..., 
Minn... 
Minn  .., 
Iowa..., 

Mo 

Ill 

Minn .., 
Ohio. ... 

Dak 

Ill , 

Mich..., 
Mich.... 

Ohio 

Wis , 

Wig 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa. ... 
Iowa.... 
Kan  -... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo. 

Mo 

Mich..-. 

Ill 

Ill 

Pa 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Minn ... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Tex 

Mich.... 
Minn ... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

N.  Y-... 

Ohio 

Idaho... 

Cal 

Col 

Kan 

Va 

Minn ... 
Minn ... 
Mass.... 

Mo 

N.  Y 

K.  I 

S.C 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Iowa 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa... 
Iowa.... 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


470 
605 


190 

3,147 

668 

702 


1,126 
682 
444 


945 
444 


1,966 
778 


1,148 
16,607 
1,660 


646 
1,116 


235 
345 
698 
833 


1,024 
3,802 
3,978 
1,093 
959 
1,160 


2,181 


1,899 


1,636 
422 


2,273 
193 


1,050 
987 


1,579 


672 


1,204 

632 
699 


96 
882 
166 


302 

612 

263 

93 

1,705 
86 
48 

4,862 
642 
982 

2,963 

1,156 
749 
752 
172 
467 

1,387 
89 
894 
6:i0 
374 
234 

2,425 

795 

301 

486 

20 

1,034 
32,016 

3,058 
332 
656 

1,350 
135 
525 
574 
947 

1,336 
291 
679 

1,790 

3,0.38 

1,662 

1,198 

1,486 
124 

1,534 
966 
650 

1,940 
206 
686 

1,644 
344 
267 

2,663 
163 
287 
648 
172 
111 
47 

1,086 

1,008 
129 

1,485 
133 
452 
136 
621 
678 
533 
98 
45 
505 

1,669 
477 
167 

3,462 

1,175 
782 

1,508 
825 
724 
248 
460 

1,164 
370 
802 
692 
809 


Place. 


Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Qrant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant. tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant- , tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant* tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant- tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant....... h. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant h. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant ~ tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant... t. 

Grant p.T, 

Grant ...tp. 

Graut tp. 

Grant ....p.tp. 

Grant ~ tp. 

Grant*. tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant tp. 

Grant  City p.T, 

Grant  City p.T, 

Grantham tp. 

Grantham p.T, 

Grantham tp. 

Grant  Isle p.tp. 

Grant  Park p.T, 

Grantsburg- p.tp. 

Grantsburg-. tp. 

Grantsburg p.T, 

Grant's  Lick p.T. 

Grantsville p.T, 

Grantsville— tp. 

Grantsville t. 

Grantsville— p.T. 

Grantsville.- p.T. 

Grantville p.T. 

Grantville p.h. 

Grantville h. 


County. 


Grundy. 

Guthrie 

Hardin 

Ida 

Linn 

Lyon , 

Monona 

Montgomery.. 
O'Brien 


Plymouth- 

Pocahontas 

Polk 

Ringgold 

Sioux 

Story 

Tama 

Taylor. 

Union 

Woodbury 

Barton 

Clay 

Cloud 

Crawford 

Decatur 

Dickinson 

Douglas 

Jackson 

Jewell 

Lincoln 

Marion 

Neosho 

Norton 

Osborne 

Ottawa 

Pawnee- , 

Reno 

Republic 

Kiley 

Sedgwick.- 

Cheboygan 

Clare 

Grand  Traverse. 

Huron 

Iosco 

Keweenaw 

Mason 

Mecosta 

Newaygo 

Newaygo 

Oceana 

St  Clair- 

Washington 

Caldwell 


Clarke 

Dade 

Dallas 

De  Kalb 

Harrison 

Nodaway 

Webster 

Putnam 

Chautauqua.. 
Herkimer-... 

Pender 

Randolph  -.., 

Indiana 

Clark 

Dunn 

Portage- 

Shawano 

Sac 

Worth 

Sullivan 

Sullivan 

Wayne 

Aroostook 

Kankakee 

Johnson 

Burnett 

Burnett 

Campbell 

Garrett- 

Linn 

Schuylkill 

Tooele 

Calhoun 

Coweta- 

Jefferson 

Queens—..... 


State. 


Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa. . 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa... 
Iowa. . 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Kan . . 
Kan... 
Kan.„. 
Kan  -. 
Kan  -. 
Kan  „. 
Kan-. 
Kan„. 
Kan... 
Kan... 
Kan  -. 
Kan  -. 
Kan-. 
Kan-. 
Kan  -. 
Kan-. 
Kan-. 
Kan-. 
Kan  „. 
Kan„. 
Mich... 
Mich... 
Mich... 
Mich... 
Mich... 
Mich... 
Mich.., 
Mich.., 
Mich... 
Mich... 
Mich... 
Mich... 
Minn .. 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y„.. 
N.  Y„.. 
N.  0.-.. 
N.O.-.. 

Pa 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis.-.. 
Iowa. .. 

Mo 

N.  II-.. 
N.H.... 
N.  C... 

Me 

Ill 

Ill 

Wis 

Wis 

Ky 

Md 

Mo 

Pa 

Utah... 
W.Va., 

Ga. 

Kan  „.. 
N.  Y-.. 


Population. 


1870.   188a 


436 
104 
148 


252 
351 


406 
211 
173 


849 
683 


147 
293 
809 
107 
152 
125 
144 
77 


208 

1,143 

300 

909 


756 

279 

1,IX)2 

956 


1,106 
""638 


917 
949 
999 
386 

688 
240 
226 


1,823 


1,180 
706 


755 


682 
662 
69.t 
165 

1,082 
213 
367 
980 
368 

2,087 
402 
151 
465 
665 
802 
665 
699 
904 
613 
400 
315 
469 
618 

1,034 
637 
639 
6T6 
992 
674 
670 
481 

1,035 
686 
657 
384 
228 

1,207 
730 

1,095 
971 
773 

1,303 
625 
622 
174 
865 
217 
307 
612 
90 
453 

1,.357 
518 

1,044 
62 
848 
628 
963 

1,618 
808 

1,853 

1,013 
704 
103 
117 

1,705 
865 

1,318 
881 
457 
309 
757 
186 
493 
640 
103 

1,939 
847 
279 

1,140 

1,013 
101 
103 
220 

1,040 
402 

1,007 
112 
613 
67 

u 


*  Since  1870  area  reduced. 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 
303 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED 


PteM. 


amntTllle ^....p.r. 

Qraiivillc tp. 

Ormnvilla »„...„t|>. 

Qmnville p.r. 

Onuivllle ^ p.v. 

QmnTllle p.h. 

OnMiTillA „tp. 

OnkiiTillo ^....tp. 

OranTille p.r. 

OiMiville tp. 

Qnwvllle ^.....-p.T. 

OratiTllle -tp. 

Or«nTille -tp. 

OranTille -tp. 

Granville .r. 

Qranville p.r. 

Granville p.tp, 

Granville p.v. 

Granville p.tp. 

Granville  Centre.. .p.r. 
Qranrille  Coruera..p.r. 

Grape  Orove tp. 

Grapeland p.h, 

Grapevine... 
Grapevine ... 

Oraai , 

Omssliopper. 

Grass  Lake tp. 

Grass  Ijnke p.r, 

Grasi)  Valley p.tp. 

Grassy  Creek p.tp, 

Grassy  Fork tp. 

Grassy  Mountain... tp. 

Grater's  Furd p.r. 

Gratiot „ p.r. 

Gratiot tp. 

Gratiot p.r. 

Gratis « -..p.tp, 

Qrattan p.tp. 


.p.h 
....p.r. 
....p.tp, 
-..tp. 


.p.r. 
..p.b. 


,.p.h. 
.p.h. 
..p.r. 


Gratz, 
Gratz.... 

Gravel  Switch p.h 

Gravesend p.tp, 

Oraresrille p.h. 

Gray p.tp. 

Gray.. tp. 

Gray tp. 

Gray tp. 

Grayling -p.tp. 

Gray's  Comer v. 

Gray's  Creek p.tp. 

Gmyson p.r. 

Grayson p.r, 

Graysport , 

Gray's  Summit. 

Graysrille 

Graysville h. 

Graysville p.T. 

Gray  town p.r. 

Grayville- p.r. 

Greikson p.h. 

Great  Barrington-tp. 
Great  Barrington..p.T. 

Great  Ucnd tp. 

Great  Bend p.r. 

Groat  Uend...........tp. 

Great  Bend _p.r. 

Great  Bend -tp. 

Great  Bend p.b. 

Great  Bend  ViUage.p.r, 

Great  Cypress tp. 

Great  Falls r. 

Great  Falls -p.r. 

Great  Island Isl. 

Great  Neck p.r. 

Great  Oak tp. 

Great  Swamp -tp. 

Great  Valley p.tp, 

Greece _. tp. 

Greece  City p.r. 

Greeley p.r. 

Greeley tp. 

Greeley p.r. 

Greeley tp. 

Greeley p.r. 

Greeley tp. 

Greeleyu... tp. 

Green  .....^ tp. 

Oreen tp. 

Oreen tp. 

Sreen tp. 


Coanty. 


DanphlD......... 

Jasper mm.... 

Putnam- 

Tutnam — .. 

Delaware 

Mahaska 

Hampden 

Washington 

Washington 

Licking 

Licking 

Mercer m... 

Bradford 

Mifflin 

Lycoming , 

Jnckiwn 

Addison 

Monongalia 

Milwaukee 

Bradford 

Hampden , 

Kay 

Houston 

Westmoreland. 

Tarrant 

Spencer 

AtcliisoD 

Jackson , 

Jackson 

Nevada.- , 

Mitchell 

Jackson 

Greenville « 

Montgomery .... 

Licking 

Lafayette , 

Lafayette.- 

Preble 

Kent 

Owen 

Dauphin 

Marion , 

Kings 

Herkimer , 

Cumberland 

White 

Pipe  StoMO 

Edgefield , 

Crawford 

Cumberland. 

Cumberland 

Stanislaus 

Carter 

Grenada , 

Franklin , 

Catoosa- 

Floyd , 

Monroe- , 

Wilson , 

White 

Cumberland-..., 

Berkshire 

Berkshire 

Barton 

Barton 

Cottonwood  -.... 

Jefferson 

Susquehanna.... 
Susquehanna.... 
Susquehanna.... 

Barnwell , 

Cumberland-.... 

Strafford 

Cumberland-.... 

Queens 

Palo  Alto 

Wayne 

Cattaraugus 

Monroe 

Butler 

Weld 

Audubon 

Delaware 

Shelby 

Anderson- 

Saline 

Sedgwick.- 

Mercer 

Woodford 

Grant 

Hancock 


State. 


Pa 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

lud 

Iowa. .. 
Moaa... 
N.Y-.. 
N.  T-.. 
Ohio-., 
Ohio-., 
Ohio..., 
Pa-...., 

Pa- 

Pa-...., 
Tenn ., 

Vt , 

W.Va. 
WU.... 

Pa 

Mass.. 

Mo 

Tex._. 
Pa-.... 
Tex.... 
Ind.... 
Knn-. 
Mich.. 
Mich.. 

Cal 

N.  C-. 
Ind.... 
8.  0.... 

Pa 

Ohio-. 
Wis.-. 
Wis.-., 
Ohio- 
Mich.... 

Ky 

Pa. 

Ky 

N.  Y-... 

N.Y 

Me 

Ill 

Minn ... 

S.C 

Mich.... 

Me 

N.  0 

Cal 

Ky 

Miss-... 

Mo 

Ga- 

Ind 

Ohio 

Tex 

Ill 

Pa. 

Mass.... 
Mass.... 

Kan 

Kan-... 
Minn ... 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

S.  0 

Me 

N.  H-... 

Me 

N.  Y-... 
Iowa.... 
N.  0-... 
N.  Y-... 
N.  Y-... 

Pa 

Col 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Kan-... 

Kan 

Kan-... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


1,260 
1,668 


1,293 
4,00.3 


2,127 
1,109 

l,2;u 

1,376 
1,297 


726 
'8,401 


2,000 


1,871 
1,145 
2,042 


7,063 

614 

1,188 

1,335 


228 
1,718 


2,023 

1,297 

72 


2,131 

67 

1,738 


2,633 


4,320 


1,431 

855 


1,620 


240 

751 

1,641 

4,314 


480 


1,326 

933 

1,116 

1,177 


152 
1,463 

1,499 

200 

140 

60 

1,205 

4,149 

1,071 

2,114 

1,127 

1,616 

1,302 

1,489 

195 

179 

8.30 

122 

2,370 

165 

234 

S,090 

88 

92 

199 

2.190 

1,839 

1,896 

682 

6,688 

1,087 

1,045 

1,061 

148 

229 

1,034 

191 

2,186 

1,238 

128 

409 

0 

3,674 

72 

1,798 

1,957 

223 

2,186 

245 

396 

1,673 

133 

447 

67 

63 

279 

71 

174 

i:i8 

1,633 

94 

4,653 

2,715 

1,648 

1,071 

234 

181 

1,301 

1,136 

646 

2,414 

105 

859 

616 

1,112 

306 

1,022 

1,859 

4,848 

142 

1,297 

612 

270 

334 

285 

616 

461 

1,645 

897 

1,.539 

1,166 


PiMO. 


Oreen.....^.. tp. 

Green tp. 

Oreen tp. 

Green tp. 

Qreen tp. 

Green  > tp. 

Green tp. 

Green tp. 

Green tp. 

Green tp. 

Green tp. 

Green tp. 

Oreen tp. 

Green tp. 

Oreen tp. 

Oreen tp. 

Green tp. 

Green tp. 

Green tp. 

Green tp. 

Green tp. 

Green tp. 

Green v. 

Oreen tp. 

Green „ tp. 

Green tp. 

Green tp. 

Green tp. 

Green tp. 

Green tp. 

Green tp. 

Green tp. 

Green tp. 

Green tp. 

Green tp. 

OreenbackviUe p.r. 

Green  Bank p.h. 

Green  Bay tp. 

Green  Bay p.h. 

Green  Bay tp. 

Green  Bay p.b. 

Green  Bay c. 

Green  Bay tp. 

Green  Brier tp. 

Oreenburg tp. 

Greenburg r. 

Greenbueh tp. 

Greenbush -.p.tp, 

Greonbiuh p.v. 

Greenbush -.p.tp, 

G  reenbush tp. 

Greenbush -.tp. 

Greenbush tp. 

Greenbush r. 

Greenbush h. 

Greenbush p.h. 

Greenbush p.tp. 

Green  Camp tp. 

Green  Camp p.r. 

Greoncastle h. 

Greoncastle tp. 

Oroencastlo p.r. 

Oreencastle tp. 

Greenoastle p.h. 

Greencastle p.r. 

Oreencastle -p.h. 

Greencastle p.b. 

Greencastle  Junction.r, 
Green  Cove  Springs.p.v, 

Green  Creek p.r. 

Green  Creek tp. 

GreendiOe v. 

Greene p.tp, 

Greene tp. 

Greene tp. 

Greene p.r. 

Greene tp. 

Greene tp. 

Greene p.tp. 

Greene tp. 

Greene tp. 

Greene p.r, 

Greene tp. 

Greene tp. 

Greene tp. 

Greene tp. 

Greene tp. 

Greene tp. 

Greene tp. 

Greene - tp. 

Greene tp. 


Connty. 


Madison 

Marshall 

Morgan 

Noble 

St.  Josephs 

Wayne 

Iowa , 

Wapello 

Mecosta , 

Hickory 

Lawrence 

Livingston 

Nodaway 

Polk „..., 

Worth 

Guilford 

Adams 

Ashland , 

Brown 

Clinton 

Hamilton 

Mahoning 

Mahoning 

Monroe  - 

Ross 

Scioto M 

Shelby , 

Summit 

Wayne 

Erie 

Forest 

Greene 

Indiana 

Mercer 

Pike 

Accomack 

Pocahontas 

Clarke 

Clarke 

I>ee 

Prince  Edward . 

Brown , 

Brown 

Greene 

Westchester 

Westchester 

Warren 

Penobscot- 

Plymouth- 

Alcona 

Clinton 

Mille  Lacs 

Rensselaer 

Rensselaer 

Brown , 

Preble 

Sheboygan 

Marion 

Marion 

Madison 

Putnam 

Putnam 

Marshall , 

Warren 

Sullivan 

Fairfield 

Franklin 

Putnam 

Clay 

Cape  May- 

Sandusky 

Dearborn 

Jay 

Parke , 

Randolph  - , 

Butler 

I'ottawatomia.., 

Sumner 

Androscoggin-., 

Platte 

Chenango 

Chenango- 

Sussex 

Clark 

Fayette - 

Gallia- 

Harrison 

Hocking 

Trumbull 

Beaver 

Clinton -.. 


Bute. 


Tnd 

964 

Ind 

1,097 

Ind 

i,;n6 

Ind 

1,106 

Ind 

<MA 

Ind 

1,293 

Iowa.... 

1,040 

Iowa. ... 

l,2i-.2 

Mich.... 

016 

Mo 

1,217 

JIo 

i,4:h 

Mo 

9ai 

Mo 

1,013 

Mo 

1,074 

Mo 

703 

N.  C 

1,119 

Ohio 

1,833 

Ohio 

1,818 

Ohio 

1,490 

Ohio 

2,492 

Ohio 

4,356 

Ohio-... 

l,7:« 

Ohio 

146 

Ohio 

1,282 

Ohio 

1,»98 

Ohio 

1,882 

Olilo 

1,2.54 

Ohio 

1,740 

Ohio 

2,715 

Pa. 

1,395 

Pa 

22G 

Pa 

739 

Pa 

2,160 

Pa. 

832 

Pa 

91!1 

Va 

W.Va.. 

Iowa.... 

507 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

664 

Va 

Wis 

4,606 

Wis 

1,07S 

Iowa.... 

N.  Y 

10,790 

N.  Y 

Ill 

1,270 

Me 

621 

Mass.... 

Mich.... 

8C 

Mich.... 

1,480 

Minn ... 

294 

N.  Y 

0,202 

N.Y 

Ohio 

42 

Ohio 

6a 

Wis 

1,939 

Ohio 

99'J 

Ohio 

Ill 

120 

Ind 

1,710 

Ind 

3,227 

Iowa.... 

764 

Ky 

Mo 

Ohio 

50 

Pa 

1,650 

Ind 

Fla 

N.J 

Ohio.... 

3,666 

Ind 

Ind 

1,115 

Ind 

1,122 

Ind 

1,034 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Me 

1,004 

Mo 

2,245 

N.Y-... 

3..5.i7 

N.Y-... 

1,02.') 

N.J 

808 

Ohio 

1,404 

Ohio-... 

879 

Ohio 

1,677 

Ohio 

1,547 

Ohio 

1,513 

Ohio 

915 

Pa 

1,836 

Pa-. 

1,102 

804 


>  Area  reduced  aiuce  18T0, 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF   THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Oreene tp. 

Greene v. 

Greene p.h. 

Greeueville p.v. 

Greenfield p.v. 

Greenfield tp. 

Greenfield p.  v. 

Greenfield tp. 

Greenfield tp. 

Greenfield tp. 

Greenfield p.v. 

Greenfield tp. 

Greenfield tp. 

Greenfield tp. 

Greenfield p.tp. 

Greenfield tp. 

Greenfield p.tp. 

Greenfield p.tp. 

Greenfield p.tp. 

Greenfield tp. 

Greenfield p.v. 

Greenfield li.tp. 

Greenfield tp. 

Greenfield p.v. 

Greenfield tp. 

Greenfield tp. 

Greenfield p.v. 

Greenfield tp. 

Greenfield tp. 

Greenfield tp. 

Greenfield tp. 

Greenfield v. 

Greenfield b. 

Greenfield p.v. 

Greenfield tp. 

Greenfield ..p.tp. 

Greenfield tp. 

Greenfield tp. 

Green  Forest p.h. 

Green  Garden p.tp. 

Green  Garden tp. 

Green  Hill p.v. 

Green  Hill p.tp, 

Green  Island p.v. 

Green  Isle p.tp, 

Greon  Lake tp. 

Green  Lake p.tp. 

Greenland tp. 

Greenland p.tp. 

Greon  Lane p.v. 

Green  Lawn p.v. 

Greenleaf. p.v. 

Qreenleaf. tp. 

Greenleaf, tp. 

Greenleaf. p.h. 

Green  Meadow......tp. 

Green  Meadow h. 

Green  Mountain...tp. 

Green  Oak p.tp. 

Green  Park p.v. 

Oreenport tp. 

Grcenport p.v. 

Green  I'rairie p.tp. 

Green  Kidge tp. 

Green  JHdge p.v. 

Green  Kiver p.tp, 

Green  River  City...p.v. 

Grecnsl)orougli p.v. 

Groensborough p.h. 

Greciisborough p.v. 

Greeiisborongh tp. 

Groensborough p.v. 

Greeiisborongh p.v. 

Greensl)orough p.v. 

G  roe  iisIk)  rough p.v. 

Groensborough tp. 

Groensborough p.v. 

Greensboro'  Bend...p.h. 

Oreensburg p.v. 

Greensburg .p.v. 

Greeusburg p.v. 

Greensburg tp. 

Greensburg tp. 

Greensburg p.v. 

Greensburg p.v, 

Green's  Creek tp. 

Green  Sea p.tp, 

Groen'B  Fork tp. 

Green's  Iianding...p.v. 

Green  Spring p.v. 

Greentop p,v. 


County. 


Franklin 

Franklin 

Kent 

Greene 

Greene 

Grundy 

Hancock 

La  Grange 

Orange 

Adair 

Adair 

Calhoun 

Jones 

Warren 

Elk 

Rooks 

Penobscot 

Franklin 

Wayne 

Wabasha 

Dade 

Hillsborough..., 

Saratoga 

Ulster 

Fairfield 

Gallia 

Highland,.... 

Huron 

Blair 

Erie 

Lackawanna...., 

Mercer 

Washington , 

Weakley 

La  Crosse , 

Milwaukee 

Monroe , 

Sauk 

Carroll , 

Will 

Ellsworth 

Warren 

Rutherford 

Albany 

Sibley , 

Kandiyohi 

Green  Lake , 

Ontonagon 

Kockingham  .„ 
Montgomery,,., 

Suffolk 

Washington 

Sanilac 

Meeker 

Meeker 

Polk 

Polk 

Yancey 

Livingston 

Perry 

Columbia 

Suffolk 

Morrison 

Pettis 

Pettis 

Henderson 

Sweetwater. 

Halo 

Craighead 

Greene 

Henry 

Henry 

Caroline 

Guilford 

Greene » 

Orleans.. 

Orleans 

Orleans 

Decatur 

Green 

St.  Helena. 

KnoK 

Putnam 

Snmmit 

Westmoreland.. 

Polk 

Horry 

Randolph 

Hancock 

Seneca 

Schuyler 


State. 


Pa 

Pa 

R.I 

Tenn  ... 

HI 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa,,,. 
Iowa..,, 
Iowa.... 

Iowa 

Iowa,... 

Kan 

Kan 

Me 

Mass..., 

Micl 

Minn.,, 

Mo 

N.H.... 
N,  y 

N.  y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa, 

Pa 

Tenn.... 

Wis 

Wis,-.,, 
Wis 

Wi8.„... 

Ark 

Ill 

Kan 

Ind 

N.  C 

N.  y 

Minn  ... 
Minn 
Wis... 
Mich. 

N.  H 

Pa 

N,  y 

Kan 

Mich,,.. 
Minn  ,., 
Minn ... 
Minn... 
Minn  ... 

N.  C 

Mich,... 
Pa 

N,  y 

N.  y 

Minn ... 

Mo 

Mo 

N.C 

Wyom.. 

Ala., 

Ark,, 

Ga..,. 

Ind.. 

Ind.. 

Md.„ 

N.C, 

Pn„., 

Vt„.. 

Vt..,. 

Vt..„ 

Ind.. 

Ky.,. 

La,  „ 

Mo... 

Ohio. 

Ohio, 

Pa... 

N.C. 

S.C. 

Ind.. 

Me... 

Ohio. 

Uo... 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


3,357 


1,039 


1,046 
1,203 
1,078 
1,439 
197 


1,083 
1,514 


317 

3,589 

2,406 

690 

364 

627 

2,C98 


1,944 
1,386 
1,712 

054 
1,233 
1,039 

823 


386 


076 

2,281 

619 

740 


1,202 


1,186 

3,135 

437 


1,102 
648 
695 


336 
392 


1,325 

1,819 

201 


709 

106 

1,760 


913 
1,488 


561 
497 


1,027 


351 
160 
994 
779 


1,642 


1,043 
2,043 


3,831 

185 

60 

1,006 

985 

1,673 

2,013 

1,181 

1,618 

1,217 

684 

233 

1,083 

1,301 

1,075 

366 

;«7 

3,903 

2,216 

476 

712 

649 

2,448 

971 

2,036 

1,209 

2,104 

900 

1,286 

1,020 

621 

137 

557 

320 

809 

2,674 

686 

792 

34 

1,145 

436 

194 

1,372 

4,160 

878 

408 

1,407 

825 

695 

187 

127 

316 

612 

668 

m 

116 
41 
604 

1,002 
131 

1,275 

2,370 
214 
999 
147 
971 
327 

1,833 
74 

1,621 

1,445 
223 
684 

2,105 
432 

1,061 
125 
86 

3,138 
620 
297 

1,166 
940 
240 

2,500 

1,227 
961 

2,126 
165 
720 
220 


Place. 


Greentown p.v. 

Green  town p.v. 

Greenup tp. 

Greenup p.v. 

Greenup p.v. 

Green  Vale p.tp, 

Green  Vale tp, 

Greon  Vale v. 

Green  Valley tp. 

Green  Valley p.v. 

Green  Valley tp. 

Green  view tp. 

Green  Village p.v. 

Greenville p.v. 

Greenville p.v, 

Greenville p.v. 

Greenville p.v, 

Greenville tp, 

Greenville p.v. 

Greenville tp. 

Greenville tp. 

Greenville p.v. 

Greenville p.v. 

Greenville tp. 

Greenville p.v. 

Greenville h, 

Greenville v. 

Greenville p.v. 

Greenville p.v. 

Greenville p.v. 

Greenville p.tp. 

Greenville v, 

Greenville h. 

Greenville tp, 

Greenville p.v. 

Greenville p.tp, 

Greenville tp. 

Greenville p.v. 

Greenville tp. 

Greenville p.v. 

Greenville v. 

Greenville p.b. 

Greenville tp. 

Greenville tp. 

Greenville c. 

Greenville li, 

Greenville p,v, 

Greenville p,tp. 

Greenwich tp, 

Greenwich p.v, 

Greenwich p.tp, 

Greenwich tp. 

Greenwich p.v, 

Greenwich tp. 

Greenwich tp. 

Greenwich tp. 

Greenwich p.v. 

Greenwich tp. 

Greenwich p.v, 

Greenwich tp. 

Greenwood p.v. 

Greenwood tp. 

Greenwood p.v. 

Greenwood p.v. 

Greenwood tp. 

Greenwood h. 

Greenwood tp. 

Greenwood p.v. 

Greenwood p.v. 

Greenwood tp. 

Greenwood  > tp. 

Greenwood tp. 

Greenwood p.v. 

Greenwood p.tp. 

Greenwood tp. 

Greenwood tp. 

Greenwood ....tp. 

Greenwood tp. 

Greenwood tp. 

Greenwood p,v. 

Greenwood p.v. 

Greenwood p.v. 

Greenwood ...h. 

Greenwood tp. 

Greenwood p.v. 

Greenwood p.tp. 

Greenwood tp. 

Greenwood. p.tp. 

Greenwood tp. 

Greenwood tp. 

Greenwood tp. 


County. 


Howard- 

Stark 

Cumberland,,.. 
Cumberland,,.. 

Greenup 

Franklin 

Dakota.- 

Queens 

Solano 

Tazewell 

Shawano 

Menard 

Fianklln 

Butler 

Plumas 

Madison 

Meriwether.,.. 

Bond 

Bond 

Bureau 

Floyd 

Floyd 

Mulilenburg.., 
Piscataquis...., 
Piscataquis..., 
Barnstable...., 

Worcester 

Montcalm 

Washington,.., 

Wayne 

Hillsborough., 

Morris 

Sussex 

Greene , 

Greene , 

Orange 

Pitt 

Pitt 

Darke 

Darke 

Indiana 

Mercer , 

Somerset 

Greenville 

Greenville 

Fayette 

Augusta , 

Outagamie 

Fairfield , 

Fairfield , 

Hampshire 

Cumberland..., 
Cumberland.... 

Gloucester , 

Warren 

Washington..., 
Washington..., 

Huron 

Huron 

Berks 

Sebastian 

El  Dorado , 

El  Dorado 

Sussex 

Christian , 

Fayette , 

McHenry 

McHenry.. 

Johnson 

Kossuth ........ 

Franklin , 

Phillips 

Caddo 

Oxford 

Clare 

Oceana 

St,  Clair 

Wexford 

Hennepin 

Le  Flore 

Jackson 


Cheyenne , 

Steuben 

Steuben..,., 

Moore 

Clearfield . 
Columbia,., 
Crawford,- 

Juniata 

Perry , 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


Ind... 
Ohio- 
Ill 

Ill 

Ky.„, 
Me.... 
Minn 
N.  Y., 
Cal.„. 

Ill 

Wis,,, 

111 

Pa 

Ala,,, 
Cal,,.. 
Fla  ... 
Ga.  ,„ 

111 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind,.. 

Ind... 

Ky.,.. 

Me,.,. 

Mo.... 

Mass, 

Mass. 

Mich.,., 

Miss...., 

Mo 

N.  H„.. 
N,  J.-,. 
N,  J 

N,  y-,. 

N,  Y-,. 
N.  Y-.. 

N,  0 

N.C 

Ohio..,. 
Ohio,.,. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

S.C 

8.  C , 

Tenn... 

Va 

Wis 

Conn  .. 
Conn., 
Mass... 

N.  J 

N.  J 

N,  J 

N,  J 

N.  Y.... 
N.  Y-.. 
Ohio.,.. 
Ohio- 
Pa 

Ark 

Cal 

Cal 

Del 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Kan  -.. 
Kan  ..  , 

La. 

Me 

Mich... 
Mich... 
Mich... 
Mich.- 
Minn ., 
Miss,,.. 

Mo 

Neb 

Neb 

N,  Y-.. 
N,  Y-.. 

N.  0 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 


2,128 
535 
607 


725 
"692 


373 
'"2,856 


1,989 


901 
1,814 


657 
369 


1,807 
890 


2,084 


1,123 
3,838 
601 
6,688 
2,620 


1, 

494 
3,135 
2,757 


1,400 
7,644 


6&'j 
1,202 


2,.342 
2,587 
4,030 


881 
'2^'l5i 
""'557 


280 
1,115 


425 


76 
'1,394 
"i',623 


1,688 

1,782 

744 

1,080 


236 

2:J0 

2,496 

606 

833 

60 

836 

498 

709 

145 

392 

460 

185 

2,471 

403 

188 

490 

3,.529 

1,886 

1,008 

1,689 

394 

800 

680 

409 

82 

177 

3,144 

2,191 

100 

1,072 

429 

33 

2,043 

265 

1,002 

4,647 

912 

6,807 

3,835 

196 

3,007 

657 

8,312 

6,100 

60 

296 

1,326 

7,892 

1,576 

033 

1,245 

513 

2,598 

2,554 

3,860 

1,231 

1,370 

647 

1,988 

204 

602 

181 

109 

1,073 

76 

960 

137 

443 

631 

785 

407 

174 

838 

2;S5 

529 

1,568 

122 

604 

308 

234 

1T9 

60 

1,386 

263 

2,001 

455 

1,710 

1,614 

601 

1.109 


1  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced. 


805 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Plaotb 


Greenwood tp. 

Greenwood ...p.T, 

Greenwood p.h 

Greenwood _....p.T, 

Greenwood tp. 

Green  woodFurnace.p.T. 

Greer tp. 

OreersTtlle~ ...p.b. 

OregK tp. 

Oregg....M» tp. 

Gregg tp. 

Gregg tp. 

Gregg! tp. 

Gregory  Landing  ..p.h. 

Gretg  *.. ~tp. 

Grelg p.T. 

GreigsTiUe ..p.h. 

Grenuda p.T. 

GreelianiTille pv. 

Gretna p.T. 

Grey  £agle p.tp. 

Gridley p.v. 

OriUlcy tp. 

Gridley p.r. 

GrieiiemeniTille p.h. 

Grifflu c. 

Griffin tp. 

Griffin's tp. 

Griffin'g  Corners  ...p.T, 

Grifflnsville h. 

Griggs .tp. 

Griggaville —tp. 

GriggsTille „p.T. 

Grimtown v. 

Grindstone  City  ....p.T. 

Grinnell. tp. 

Grinnell p.T. 

Grinuell tp. 

Grinnell p.b. 

Grisham tp. 

Griswold p.tp. 

Griswold p.v. 

Grizzly  Flat p.h. 

Grizzly  Flat h. 

Groesbeck p.v. 

GrooniHville v. 

Grosse  Point tp. 

Grosse  Point p.T. 

Gross  Point „t. 

Orosvenor  I)ale»...p.T. 

Grotou  „ p.tp, 

Groton  * tp. 

Groton  _ p.tp. 

Groton tp. 

Groton »p.T. 

Groton  - tp. 

Groton tp. 

Groton p.T. 

Groton  City p.h. 

Grout p.tp, 

Grove tp. 

Grove tp. 

Grove tp. 

Grove tp. 

Grove tp. 

GroTe tp. 

Grove tp. 

Grove tp. 

Grove tp. 

Grove tp. 

Grove tp. 

Grove tp. 

GroTe tp. 

Grove tp. 

Grove tp. 

Grove  City p.v. 

Grove  City p.v. 

Grove  City ~..p.T. 

Grove  Hill p.v. 

Grove  Lake p.tp. 

Groreland p.h. 

Groveland tp, 

Grovoland tp. 

Groveland p.h. 

Groveland tp. 

Groveland p.tp. 

Groveland p.tp. 

Groveland p.tp. 

Grovenor's  Coruers.p.h. 

Groveport p.T. 

QroTer -.p.h. 


County. 


AbbeTille— , 

Abbeville^ 

Wiee 

Clarlc 

Vernon 

Huntingdon... 

Warrick 

Knox 

Morgan- 

Centre 

Union 

Aiken 

Edgefield- 

Clarke 

Lewis 

Lewis- 

Livingston 

Grenada. 

Greene 

Jefferson 

Todd 

Butte- 

McLean 

McLean 

Lehigh 

Spalding 

Mash 

Martin 

Delaware— 

Union 

Ida 

Pike 

Pike 

Westmoreland, 

Huron 

Poweshiek 

Poweshiek 

Wallace 

Wallace 

Montgomery .. 
New  London .. 

Cass 

El  Dorado 

Placer 

Limestone 

Charleston 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Cook 

Windham 

Mow  London  .. 

Middlesex 

Grafton 

Tompkins 

Tompkins 

Erie 

Caledonia 

Caledonia 

Tompkins. 

Gladwin 

Jasper 

Adair- 

Davis 

Humboldt 

Pottawattamie. ... 

Shelby 

Taylor 

Beno 

Crawford , 

Stearns.- , 

Johnson 

Alleghany 

Harnett , 

Cameron 

Greenville 

Christian 

Meeker- 

Franklin 

Clarke „., 

Pope 

Tuolumne , 

La  Salle 

Tazewell 

Putnam 

McPhersou 

Essex 

Oakland 

Livingston 

Schoharie- 

Franklin 

Bradford 


State. 


S.O 

S.C. 

Tex 

Wis. 

Wis 

Pa 

Ind 

Ohio 

Ind 

Pa 

Pa. 

8. 0 

S.  0 

Mo 

N.  y 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Miss 

Ga. 

La. 

Minn... 

Cal 

Ill 

Ill 

Pa 

Ga. 

N.  C 

N.  C 

N.  Y 

N.  C 

Iowa.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Pa 

Mich.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Ill 

Conn.... 
Iowa.... 

Cal 

Cal 

Tex,-... 

S.  C 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Ill 

Conn  ... 
Conn ... 
Mass .... 
N.  H.... 

N.Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Vt 

Vt 

N.  Y 

Mich.,.. 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa. ... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Mich.... 
Minn... 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.  C 

Pa 

8.  C 

HI- 

Minn... 

Ohio 

Ala 

Blinn... 

Cal 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Kan 

Mass.... 
Mich.... 
N.  Y-... 

N.  y 

Ohio 

Pa 


Population, 


1870,      1880, 


2,817 
700 


744 


864 

73 

1,041 

1,6.30 

821 


3,200 
2,638 


1,887 


1,709 
"3,421 


2,645 
1,456 


2,389 
1,482 


2,575 


2,230 


6,124 
3,584 
683 
3,512 
863 
910 
811 


1,094 

137 

1,2.'J0 


356 
692 


424 
1,233 
1,056 
1,093 

440 
1,' 


1,561 

1,32:1 

67 


1,776 
1,180 
1,455 


627 


3,708 
746 
49 
102 

1,060 
226 

1,214 
81 

1,181 

1,795 
904 

6,018 
62 
25 

1,670 

236 

41 

1,914 
100 

2,396 
160 
352 

1,768 

419 

76 

3,620 

1,367 

750 

192 

49 

189 

2,540 

1,616 
128 
299 

3,297 

2,415 

346 

36 

774 

2,745 
360 
76 
48 
402 
132 

2,458 
189 
327 
751 

6,128 

1,862 
566 

3,450 
913 

1,038 

1,014 

196 

71 

516 

1,204 
695 

1,052 
381 

1,002 
818 
766 
238 
166 
726 

1,188 

1,125 
897 
494 

2,361 
116 
2.30 
150 
176 
381 
69 

1,688 

1,605 

78 

479 

2,227 

1,126 

1,342 

60 

660 

60 


Grovortown p.h, 

Oroveton p.v. 

OroveviUe v. 

Grow tp. 

Qrtibb's  Corners.. ..h. 

Orubtown v. 

Grugnn tp. 

Grundy p.h. 

Grundy p.v. 

Grundy  Centre p.v. 

Ouadaloupe p.T, 

Guadnliipo v. 

Guadiihipe T. 

Guadalupe  Mine.,.T. 

Ouadalupita p.T. 

Guelph tp. 

Guernovllle p.v. 

Guerryton p.v. 

Giietitville v. 

Guilderland p.tp 

Guilderland  Centre.p.v 

GuiUilmll tp. 

GuiUlhall p.v, 

Guilford tp. 

Guilford p.b. 

Guilford tp. 

Guilford tp. 

Guilford p.v, 

Guilford tp, 

Guilford tp. 

Guilford tp. 

Guilford p.h. 

Guilford tp. 

Guilford p.v, 

Guilford p.h, 

Guilford tp. 

Guilford p.v. 

Guilford h. 

Guilford tp. 

Guilford tp. 

Guilford p.tp 

Guilford  Centre.... p.h. 

Guincy's p.h. 

Guinnville h. 

Guittard tp. 

Gulf. tp. 

Gulf. p.v. 

Gulich tp. 

Gulledge's tp. 

Gumborough hnd. 

Gumborough p.h 

Gum  Neck p.tp. 

Gun  City p.v. 

Gunlock h. 

Gunnison p.v. 

Gunnison p.v. 

Gun  Plain tp. 

Guntersville p.v. 

Gun  town p.v. 

Gustavus p.tp, 

Guthrie tp. 

Guthrie p.tp, 


...p.v. 
...p.v. 
..p.h. 
...p.v. 
...p.v. 
...p.v. 
.p.v. 


Guthrie. 

Guthrie 

Guthrie 

Guthrie  Centre.. 
Guth's  Station.. 

Guttenberg 

Guttenburg 

Guyan fp. 

Guyandotte p.v. 

Guy's  Mills p.v. 

Gwynedd p  tp. 

Gypsum tp. 

Gypsum tp. 

Gypsum p.h. 

Gypsum  Creek tp. 

Hack  berry tp. 

Ilackensack p.v. 

Hackett  City p.v. 

Hackettstown p.tp. 

Hacklebonie v. 

Haddam tp, 

Haddam p.v. 

Haddam p.h. 

Haddon tp. 

Haddon tp. 

Haddonfield p.b. 

Hadley tp. 

Hadloy -p.h. 

Hadley p.tp. 


County. 


Storke 

C<H)S , 

Dutchess 

Anoka , 

New  Castle 

Canibria , 

Clinton , 

Puliiski- 

Buchanan 

Grundy 

Santa  Barbara.... 

Conejos 

Bernalillo 

Santa  Clara 

Mora 

Sumner- , 

Sonoma 

Bullock 

Henry 

Albany 

Albany 

Essex 

Essex 

New  Haven  - 

New  Haven 

Jo  Daviess 

Winnebago 

Dearborn 

Hendricks 

Monroe 

Wilson 

Wilson 

Piscataquis 

Piscataquis 

Nodaway 

Chenango 

Chenango 

Columbiana 

Medina 

Franklin 

Windham , 

Chenango 

Caroline 

Bonton 

Marshall 

CliHtham 

Chatham 

Clearfield 

Anson 

Sussex 

Sussex 

Tyrrel 

Cass 

Washington 

Gunnison 

San  Pete 

Allegan 

Marshall 

Lee „ 

Trumbull.- 

Izard 

Lawrence 

Guthrie 

Todd 

Callaway 

Guthrie 

Lehigh 

Clayton 

Hudson 

Gallia 

Cabell 

Crawford 

Montgomery 

Saline 

Sedgwick 

Ottawa 

McPherson 

Labette 

Bergen 

Sebastian 

Warren 

Carbon 

Middlesex 

Middlesex 

Washington 

Sullivan 

Camden 

Camden 

Pike 

Hendricks 

Hampshire 


State, 


Ind.. 
N.H 
N.Y. 

Minn  ... 

Del 

Pa. 

Pa 

Ky 

Va 

Iowa.... 

Cal 

Col 

N.  Mex 

Cal 

N.Mex. 

Kan., 

Cal..., 

Ala,. 

Ky... 

N.  Y., 

N.y. 

Vt-,.. 

Vt 

Conn 
Conn, 

III 

Ill 

Ind.., 

Ind.., 

Iowa.,.. 

Kan. 

Kan. 

Me... 

Me... 

Mo.. 

N.Y. 

N.Y. 

Ohio 

Ohio. 

Pa-.. 

Vt... 

N.Y. 

Va.... 

Iowa 

Kan. 

N.  C. 

N.  C. 

Pa-.. 

N.C., 

Del.. 

Del.., 

N.  C. 

Mo.. 

Utah 

Col.. 

Utah 

Mich..,, 

Ala. 

Miss-... 

Ohio-.. 

Ark 

Ind 

Iowa.,, 

Ky 

Mo 

Iowa.., 

Pa 

Iowa... 
N.  J.... 
Ohio-.. 
W.  Va. 

Pa 

Pa 

Kan.,.. 
Kan.... 
Ohio.... 
Kan.... 
Kan.... 

N.  J 

Ark 

N.  J 

Pa 

Conn... 
Conn... 
Kan  „.. 

Ind 

N.  J 

N.  J 

HI 

Ind , 

Mass.... 


I  In  1871,  part  to  Aiken  County. 
S06 


*  Since  1870,  area  much  teduced. 


8  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  EETUKNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPAKED. 


Flac*. 


Hadloy tp. 

Hadley ?.▼. 

Hadley  „ p.h. 

Iladley- tp. 

Hadley tp. 

IFadley tp. 

Iltigar tp. 

Ilngedorn's  Mills... p.h. 

llagerstown p.v. 

Hagerstown c. 

IIa£;iie p.tp. 

Ilnhnaman tp. 

Ilahnstown v. 

Ilahnville p.v. 

Ilailrsbo  rough p.v. 

Ilaincg « tp. 

Unines tp. 

nainesTJlle- p.v. 

Uainetiville.. p.v. 

Halbcrt tp. 

Ilalcoml)  Island tp. 

Halcott tp. 

Halcott  Centre p.h. 

Halcottsville p.h. 

naldane p.v. 

Halo tp. 

Hale tp. 

Hale p.tp. 

Hale tp. 

Hale p.tp. 

Ualedon v. 

nalfday p.v. 

Halfnioon p.tp. 

Ualfmoon tp. 

Half  Rock p.h. 

Half  Way p.h. 

Halira-x p.tp. 

Halifax tp. 

Halifax p.v, 

Halifax tp. 

Ilalifa.x p.v. 

Halifax p.tp, 

Halifax  C.H p.v. 

Hall tp. 

Hain tp. 

Hall ....p.v. 

Hall tp. 

Hall tp. 

Hallcck p.v. 

Halleck p.h. 

Hallcttsville p.v. 

Hallock p.tp. 

Hallowell p.h. 

Hallowell c. 

Hall's tp. 

Hall's  Corners p.h. 

Hallsville p.h. 

Hallsrille p.h. 

Hallsville tp. 

Hallsville p.v. 

Hallsville p.v. 

Halltown p.v. 

UalscUville p.tp, 

Hnlsc}' p.v, 

Halsey  Valley p.v. 

Hnlstad tp, 

Halstoad tp, 

Hamblin tp, 

Hamburg p,v. 

Hamburg v. 

Hamburg tp. 

Hamburg p.h. 

Hamburg p.h. 

Hamburg p.v. 

Hamburg™ tp. 

Hamburg p.h. 

Hamburg p.h. 

Hamburg _ p.v, 

Hamburg. tp. 

Hamburg p.v, 

Hamburg tp. 

Hamburg p.b. 

Hamburg v, 

Hamburg. p.v. 

Hamburg p.v. 

Hambu  rg p.h. 

Hamburg tp. 

Hamburg. tp. 

Haraden p.tp. 

Hamden tp, 

Hamden tp. 


County. 


Lapeor 

Lapeer 

Murray  _ 

Saratoga 

Chatham 

Mercer 

Berrien 

Saratoga. 

Wayne 

Washington 

Warren 

Whiteside 

Westmoreland.. 

St.  Charles 

St.  Lawrence.,,, 

Marion 

Centre 

Lake 

Clinton 

Martin 

Dunklin 

Greene 

Greene 

Delaware 

Ogle 

Warren 

Jones 

McLeod 

Hardin 

Trempealeau  .,. 

Passaic 

Lake 

Saratoga 

Centre 

Mercer 

Polk 

Plymouth- 

Halifax 

Halifax 

Dauphin  

Dauphin 

AVindham 

Halifax 

Bureau 

Dubois 

Morgan 

Gates 

Anderson... 

Buchanan 

Klko 

Lavaca 

Peoria 

Cherokee. 

Kennebec  _ 

Sitmpson 

Ontario 

De  Witt. 

Boone 

Duplin , 

Boss , 

Harrison 

Jefferson 

Chester 

Linn 

Tioga , 

Polk 

Harvey 

Brown 

Ashley 

New  Haven 

Calhoun 

Calhoun 

Friinklin 

Fremont 

Livingston , 

Livingston , 

St.  Charles 

Sussex 

Erie 

Erie 

Jackson 

Berks 

Clinton 

Aiken 

Hardin 

Shenandoah 

Marathon 

Vernon 

New  Haven 

Becker 

Delaware... 


State. 


Mich. 
Mich, 
Minn 
N.  Y.. 
N.  C... 

Pa 

Mich. 
N,  Y.. 
Ind., 
Md... 
N.  Y.. 

Ill 

Pa 

La.... 
N.  Y„ 

111 

Pa 

Ill 

Mo..„ 
Ind„, 
Mo..., 
N,  Y.. 
N.  Y. 
N.  Y.. 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa..,. 
Minn  „. 
Ohio..... 

Wis 

N.  J.„.., 

HI 

N.  Y.... 

Pa , 

Mo 

Mo 

Mass... 

N.  0 

N.O 

Pa 

Pa , 

Vt 

Va 

Ill 

Ind , 

Ind...... 

N.  C... 

S.  0 

Mo 

Nev._., 

Tex , 

111 

Kan,,.., 

Me 

N.  0 

N,  Y..„ 

III 

Mo 

N.  C 

Ohio..,, 

Tex 

W,  Va. 

S.  C 

Oregon 
N.  Y,... 
Minn.. 
Kan..., 

Ind 

Ark._„ 
Conn,.. 

HI 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa,.,. 
Mich. 
Mich. 
Mo.,.., 
N.  J.,. 
N.  Y„ 
N,  Y.. 
N,C„. 

Pa 

Pa 

S.  C... 
Teun., 

Va 

Wis..,. 
Wis..., 
Conn.. 
Minn. 
N.  Y... 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


1,461 


1,039 


831 


830 
6,779 

c;57 

G24 


177 
"i',354 


248 

1,336 

608 

426 


1,212 
997 
399 

1,264 
616 


8,093 


619 
2,898 

429 
1,337 

668 
1,029 


1,069 
2,046 


778 
1,240 


431 
1,094 


3,007 
1,010 


1,416 


2,011 
""707 


1,431 
907 
81 


2,934 
'i*,590 


1,208 
3,028 


1,762 


1,474 

293 
.22 

1,095 

1,488 

224 

946 

01 

898 

6,627 
807 
806 
432 
414 
243 

1,129 

1,422 
103 
141 

1,913 
828 
396 
60 
46 
115 

1,041 
905 

1,2:$3 

1,740 

1,301 
481 
174 

3,1(J2 

C64 

89 

78 

542 

3,888 
376 

1,406 
686 
852 
621 

1,058 

1,306 
117 
686 

1,517 

121 

96 

688 

1,085 
50 

3,154 

1,248 
87 
47 
60 
50 
291 
179 
171 

1,388 
306 
103 
292 
870 

2,093 

747 

477 

904 

96 

79 

2,036 

919 

75 

73 

412 

3,234 
758 
688 

2,010 
134 
485 
121 
42 
663 

1,156 

3,408 
316 

1,496 


Place. 


Hamden p.T. 

Hamden v. 

Hamel « p  tp. 

Hamer tp. 

Hamersvllle p.v. 

Hamilton- tp. 

Hamilton p.v. 

Hamilton p.v, 

Hamilton tp. 

Hamilton h. 

Hamilton- tp, 

Hamilton- tp. 

Hamilton p.v, 

Hamilton tp. 

Hamilton tp. 

Hamilton- tp. 

Hamilton- tp. 

Hamilton p.v, 

Hamilton tp. 

Hamilton v. 

Hamilton p.tp. 

Hamilton tp. 

Hamilton tp, 

Hamilton _ p.v. 

Hamilton tp. 

Hamilton p.v. 

Hamilton tp. 

Hamilton- p.h. 

Hamilton v. 

Hamilton tp. 

Hamilton  * tp. 

Hamilton tp. 

Hamilton p.v. 

Hamilton', tp, 

Hamilton- p.v. 

Hamilton- c. 

Hamilton tp. 

Hamilton tp. 

Hamilton tp. 

Hamilton tp, 

Hamilton tp, 

Hamilton tp. 

Hamilton- tp. 

Hamilton tp. 

Hamilton tp, 

Hamilton p.v. 

Hamilton- p.v. 

Hamilton tp. 

Hamilton  Fort h, 

Hamiltonban  * tp, 

Hamilton  Squaro...p.v. 

Ham  Lake.- tp, 

Hamler p.v. 

Hamlet p.h. 

Hamlet v. 

Hamlet p.v. 

Hamlin tp, 

Hamlin tp, 

Hamlin p.v, 

Hamlin p.tp, 

Hamlin tp. 

Hamlin tp, 

Hamlin tp. 

Hamlin tp. 

Hamlin tp. 

Hamlinton p.h. 

Hammer tp. 

Hammond p.v. 

Hammond p.v. 

Hammond tp. 

Hammond p.v, 

Hammond p.h. 

Hammond p.tp. 

Hammond p.tp. 

Hammond tp. 

Hammond.. p.v. 

Hammondsport p.v. 

Hammondsville.....p,v. 

Hammonton.... p.v. 

Hammonville- p.h. 

Hamorton p.v. 

Hampden tp. 

Hampden p.tp. 

Hampden p.tp. 

Hampden v. 

Hampden tp. 

Hampden p.tp. 

Hampden tp. 

Hampden p.tp. 

Hampden  Corner...p,v. 
Hampshire tp. 


County. 


Delavrare 

Vinton 

Madison 

Highland- 

Brown 

Butte 

Harris 

Hancock 

Lee 

Clinton 

Delaware- , 

Jackson 

Steuben , 

Sullivan , 

Decatur 

Fmuklin , 

Hamilton 

Marion 

Ellis , 

Ohio 

Essex , 

Gratiot 

Van  Buren 

Fillmore , 

Caldwell 

Caldwell 

Harrison 

Gallatin 

White  Pine 

Atlantic- 

Mercer 

Madison 

Madison 

Martin 

Martin 

Butler 

Franklin 

Jackson 

Lawrence- 

Warren 

Adams 

Franklin 

McKean 

Monroe 

Tioga 

Hamilton 

Loudoun , 

La  Crosse.- 

Iron 

Adams , 

Mercer , 

Anoka 

Henry 

Mercer , 

Mackinac- , 

Chautauqua , 

Audubon 

Brown 

Brown 

Aroostook- 

Eaton 

Mason 

Lac  Qui  Parle  -... 

Monroe 

McKean 

Wayne 

Yellow  Medicine 

Piatt 

Lake , 

Spencor 

Tangipahoa. 

Kent 

St.  Lawrence 

Aiken 

St.  Croix 

St  Croix 

Steuben 

Jefferson 

Atlantic 

Hart 

Chester 

Coffey 

Penobscot 

Hampden 

Baltimore- 

Kittson 

Geauga 

Cumberland- 

Columbia 

Penobscot - 

Kane— ~ 


N.  Y.,., 
Ohio..,, 

Ill 

Ohio-. 
Ohio... 

Cal 

Ga 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind.... 
Ind..., 
Ind,,,. 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.. 
Iowa. ., 
Iowa.., 
Iowa.. 
Kan... 

Ky 

Mass., 
Mich... 
Mich,,, 
Minn, 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mon  -, 
Nev.-. 
N.  J.-, 
N,  J.-. 
N,  Y-, 
N.  Y„. 
N.  C„. 
N.  C... 
Ohio-, 
Ohio-. 
Ohio-, 
Ohio- 
Ohio... 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Tex.,., 

Va 

Wis.-. 
Utah.. 

Pa. 

N.  J-. 
Minn . 
Ohio... 

Ill 

Mich.. 
N.  Y„. 
Iowa.. 
Kan..., 
Kan.„. 

Me , 

Mich.., 
Mich,., 
Minn  . 
N.  Y-, 

Pa. 

Pa , 

Minn.. 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind.,.., 

La , 

Mich.., 
N,  Y,.. 
S.O.... 

Wis 

Wis 

N.  Y-. 
Ohio-., 
N.  J.... 

Ky 

Pa , 

Kan  -., 

Me 

Mass.., 

Md 

Minn ., 
Ohio-.. 

Pa 

Wis 

Mo 

HI 


Population. 


1870,     1880. 


133 
364 
980 
959 
161 
1,130 
359 


186 


1,129 
1,565 


3,759 
846 


790 

294 

1,172 


1,658 
975 


1,271 
6,417 
3,fi87 
1,529 
3,957 

200 
11,081 
1,827 
1,108 
1,108 
2,466 
1,118 
1,6:50 

120 
1,892 


1,418 


553 
"l24 


2,304 
121 


2,626 


1,757 

2,560 

895 


602 

604 

1,404 


3,068 


767 
1,199 
1,000 


1,049 


178 
620 

1,222 

1,051 
231 

2,766 
493 

1,026 

427 

62 

1,217 

1,924 
166 

4,486 
840 
417 
886 
123 
2.32 
283 
035 
666 

1,127 
100 

2,004 

1,200 
803 
60 
203 

1,464 

3,370 

3,912 

1,638 

1,933 

869 

12,122 

1,485 
819 

1,168 

2,623 
721 

1,768 
639 

1,875 

2,060 
27T 
248 

1,661 
66 

1,269 
296 
2.35 
231 
72 
034 
232 
376 

1,025 
135 
612 

1,315 
300 
146 

2,556 
330 
90 
238 
216 
699 

2,890 

277 

61 

1,860 

3,589 

1,418 
361 
755 
355 

1,770 
92 
159 
685 

2,911 
958 

2,962 
416 
666 

1,000 
944 
330 

1,48« 


i  Area  reduced  since  1870,     *  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced.     *  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced. 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 
807 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PkMO. 


Hampshire p.T. 

Hamiwhlre _.tp. 

HMniwtead „p.r. 

UampittMd -P-tp. 

Hampton p.r. 

UitmptoD tp. 

Hwiupton p.v. 

Hampton^ p.v. 

Haupton tp. 

HamptoD p.v. 

Hampton.. p.v. 

Hampton ......p.tp. 

HaniptoD„ _ tp. 

Hampton.. p.tp. 

MamptoD_ p.tp. 

RamptoD_ tp. 

Hampton- p.tp. 

Hampton «.....p.v. 

Hampton- .......tp. 

Hampton- p.b. 

Hampton- c. 

Hamptonbnrg tp. 

Hampton  City v. 

Uaniptou  0.  H p.T. 

Hampton  Falls p.tp. 

Hamptonville p.b. 

Hamtramck..........tp. 

HancevlUe p.T. 

Hancock— tp. 

Haucoclc. p.tp. 

Hancock.. p.v. 

Hancock.- tp. 

Hancock— ......p.v. 

Hancock— tp. 

Hancock .......p.v. 

Hancock— tp. 

Iloncock— .....pJi. 

Hancock- tp. 

Hancock— ..p.v. 

Uancock.- ....-tp. 

Ilancock- .....p.v. 

Hancock ....-tp. 

Hancock ..M-.p.h. 

Hancock.- tp. 

Hancock p.li. 

Uandley p.h. 

Handsborougb p.v. 

Handy — tp. 

Haney -.tp. 

Hanford p.v. 

Hanging  Grove tp. 

Hanging  Bock p.v. 

Uanua tp. 

Hanna -tp. 

Hanna  Station p.T. 

Hannibal -c. 

Hannibal tp. 

Hannibal...... p.v. 

Hanniltal  Centre  ...p.v. 

Hanover „.tp. 

Hanover - tp. 

Hanover— p.v. 

Hanover.- tp. 

Hanover.- p.v, 

Hanover— tp. 

Hanover—... tp. 

Hanover— p.tp. 

Hanover— tp. 

nanovor— tp. 

Hanover- p.v. 

Hanover—..... p.tp. 

Hanover— ............  tp. 

Hanover... p.T. 

Hanover— ...........  tp. 

Hanover- ......p.v. 

Hanover-....^— ....tp. 

Hanover.-- tp. 

Hanover. p.v. 

Hanover. .......p.tp. 

Hanover.-.....- tp. 

Hanover— -.-.tp. 

Hanover- - p.tp. 

Hanover- .......tp. 

Hanover- ...». p.v. 

Hanover-.-..- tp. 

Hanover.............  V. 

Hanover  i .-.tp. 

Hanover- tp. 

Hanover. tp. 

Hanover. .........tp. 

Hanover- tp. 


County. 


Kane— m.. 

Clinton- 

Carroll 

Itockingbam 

(^Iboun 

Wiudham 

Wiiidbam 

Henry 

Ilock  Island 

Uock  Island- 

Fmnkliu 

Rush 

Hay - - 

Dakota.- 

Itockingbam 

Sussex „ 

Woabiugton 

Adams 

Alleghany — 

Lancaster 

Elizabeth  City... 

Oningo 

lloyd 

Hampton 

Ilockingham 

Yadkin- 

Wayne 

Blount 

Ilancock 

Hancock —.., 

Washington- 

lierksbire 

Uorkshire — 

Houghton. 

Houghton 

Can'er 

Stevens , 

Ilillsborougb ..... 
Ilillsborongb .... 

Delaware 

Delaware.- 

Addison 

Addison 

Waushara 

Waushara. 

Tarrant 

Harrison 

Livingston 

Crawford 

Tulare 

Jasper 

Lawrence- 

Henry 

La  Porte 

La  Torte 

Marion 

Oswego.- 

Oswego 

Oswego 

Cook 

Jo  Daviess 

Jo  Daviess 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Lake 

Shelby 

Allamakee 

Crawford 

Washington 

Washington 

Oxford 

riynioutb- 

riymoutb- 

Jackson- 

Jackson- 

Wexford 

Grafton- 

Grafton- 

Morris 

Cliautauqua 

Ashland 

Butler. 

Columbiana. 

Columbiana 

Licking- 

Licking- 

Beaver -.... 

Lehigh— 

Luzerne 

Northampton  — . 
Washington—. 


State. 


Ill 

Iowa.... 

Md  

N.  H..- 

Ark 

Conn..- 
Conn..- 

Ga 

Ill 

Ill- 

Iowa..- 
Kan  — . 
Mich.-. 
Minn... 
N.  H..- 
N.J 

N.  y..... 

Pa- 

Pa- 

S.  0 

Va- 

N.  Y 

Ky 

S.  0 

N.  H— 
N.  0 — 
Mich..- 

Ala. 

111 

Me 

Md 

Mass  ..„ 
Mass..... 
Mich..- 
Mich..„ 
Minn ... 
Minn... 
N.  H .... 
N.H„.„ 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Vt. 

Vt 

Wis 

Wis 

Tex 

Miss--. 
Mich..- 
Wis-... 

Cal 

Ind 

Ohio 

111 

Ind 

Ind 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.Y 

N.  Y 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa..- 

Kan 

Kan  -... 

Ms 

Mass.... 
Mass.... 
Mich..- 
Mich..„ 
Mich.... 
N.  H..- 
N.  H.... 

N.J 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio- 
Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa- 

Pa. 

Pa. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


1,030 
236 
03.5 
138 
801 


2,00« 


688 


046 

o:io 

1,177 

1,02:» 

055 


038 


1,224 


679 
2^998 


926 
074 
SCO 
882 


2,700 

""C32 

'692 

'a^oo'o 

"430 
""438 


459 

1,306 

489 


0G4 
486 


10,12.'> 

3,2:14 

454 


1,098 
1,191 


1,399 
664 
073 

1,572 
650 


188 
1,628 


1,093 


112 
2,085 


3,62;i 
4,a{7 
1332 
1,460 
2,310 

481 
1,166 

322 
1,500 
2,804 
3,0;J6 

499 
1,898 


483 
069 

sue 

969 
160 

827 

167 

6-.il 

3,437 

676 

1,698 

676 

2,016 

806 

1,184 

895 

833 

189 

1,003 

45 

2,684 

1,143 

384 

169 

678 

30 

4,440 

160 

1,130 

1,093 

031 

642 

129 

3,011 

1,783 

681 

91 

689 

123 

3,238 

686 

382 

82 

675 

86 

72 

619 

2,301 

636 

269 

448 

624 

785 

695 

185 

11,074 

3,173 

490 

148 

1,300 

1,410 

459 

1,143 

376 

1,009 

1,687 

601 

632 

2,108 

678 

203 

1,897 

1,211 

1,732 

3U0 

154 

2,147 

1,134 

4,138 

4,221 

2,316 

1,:152 

2,258 

443 

1,236 

302 

1,351 

3,813 

2,000 

603 

1.880 


Plaot. 


Hanover p.b. 

Hanover. p.h. 

Hanson p.v, 

Hanson p.tp. 

Hnnsontown v, 

Hantho tp. 

IlMI>evillo p.b. 

Happy  Camp tp. 

Happy  Camp p.T. 

Iluppy  Valley v. 

Ilarliesou p.h. 

Harbison -...tp. 

Harbor  Creek -p.tp. 

Hardeoville p.v. 

Ilardonburg v. 

Hardcnburg tp. 

Hardin tp. 

Hardin -p.T. 

Hardin -tp. 

Hardin - tp. 

Hardin tp. 

Hardin tp. 

Hardin tp, 

Hardin tp, 

Har<'.in» tp. 

Hardin p.T. 

Harding T. 

Ilardiiisburg p.T. 

Hardinsburg p.v. 

Ilardinsvillo p.h. 

IlardinsvlUe v. 

Hard  wick p.tp. 

Hard  wick p.tp. 

Hard  wick p.tp. 

Hardy tp. 

Hardy  Station p.v. 

Hardyston tp. 

Hardy  ville p.v. 

Hare's  Corner p.h. 

Harford p.tp. 

Harford tp. 

Harford p.v. 

Harford  Furnace...p.v, 

Harford  Mills p.v. 

Haring .p.tp, 

Harlan -tp. 

Harlan -tp, 

Harlan -tp, 

Harlan p.v. 

Harlan -p.v, 

Harlan tp. 

Harlansburg p.v. 

Harleigh -v. 

Tlarleeville tp. 

Harlem p.T. 

Harlem t, 

Harlem — .tp, 

Harlem tp. 

Harlem p.v, 

Harlem tp, 

Harlem p.h. 

Harlem  Springs p  v, 

Harlem  ville p.h. 

Harleysville p.v, 

Ilarmar p.v. 

HarmarviUe p.v. 

Hanner. tp. 

Harmon tp. 

Harmon p.v. 

llarmouville h. 

Harmony ...,,-tp. 

Harmony -p.v. 

Harmony -tp. 

Harmony -tp. 

Harmony p.b. 

Harmony -p.tp. 

Harmony -p.tp. 

Harmony  * p.tp. 

Harmony -p.tp. 

Harmony -p.tp. 

Harmony -tp. 

Harmony p.h. 

Harmony _-...tp. 

Harmony -tp. 

Harmony p.b. 

Harmony -tp. 

Harmony tp. 

Harmony --tp. 

Harmony tp. 

Harmony tp. 

Harmony  Grove.,..p,v. 


County. 


York 

Kock - 

Hopkins 

I'lynioutb 

Duval 

Lac  Qui  Parle  -... 

Fulton 

Del  Norte 

Del  Norte 

York , 

Sussex 

Dubois 

Krie 

Beaufort 

Jennings 

Ulster 

Calhoun 

Calhoun 

Pike 

Greene 

Hardin 

Johnson 

Pottawattamie,.. 

Webster 

Clinton 

lUy 

La  Salle 

Washington 

Breckonridge 

Crawford 

Shelby 

Worcester- 

Warren 

Caledonia- 

Holmes 

Grenada 

Sussex 

Hart 

New  Castle 

Cortland 

Susquehanna 

Susquehanna 

Harford 

Cortland 

Wexford 

Fayette- 

Pago 

Shelby 

Shelby 

Smith 

Warren- 

Lawrence 

Luzerne 

Marlon.- 

Columbia.- 

Cook 

Stephenson 

Winnebago 

Clay 

Delaware.- 

Delaware 

Carroll 

Columbia 

Montfcomory 

Washington- 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Lee- 

Lee 

Montgomery 

Hancock 

Clay 

Posey 

Union 

Owen  - 

Somerset 

Fillmore 

Washington 

Warren 

Chautauqua 

Clark  

Clark 

Morrow 

Beaver 

Bntler 

Forest 

Susquehanna 

Clarendon 

Kock._ 

Vernon 

Jackson 


SUte. 


Pa. 

Wis-.. 

Ky 

Maaa. .. 

Fla 

Minn  . 

Ga 

Cal ..... 
Cal  ..„ 

Me 

Del .... 
Ind.,,. 

Ptt , 

8.  C-.. 
Ind.,,. 
N.  Y-. 
111-.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Mo .... 
Mo ,.,. 
III-..,. 
Ind.... 

Ky 

Ill 

Ky 

Mass  ., 
N.  J  „, 

Vt 

Ohio-. 
Miss... 
N.  J-.. 

Ky 

Del 

N.  Y-. 

Pa 

Pa 

Md ..... 
N.  Y-.. 
Mich... 
Iowa... 
Iowa,- 
Iowa.., 
Iowa... 
Kan  „.. 
Ohio-.. 

Pa 

Pa 

S.  C 

Ga 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Mo 

Ohio-.. 
Ohio- 
Ohio— 
N.  Y-.. 

Pa 

Ohio-.. 

Pa 

Pa,, 

111 

Ill 

Pa 

Ill 

I'nd 

Ind 

Ind..... 

Ky. 

Mo 

Minn., 

Mo 

N.  J-„ 
N.  Y„... 
Ohio— 
Oliio-.. 
Ohio- 
Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

S.  C„.. 
Wis.-.. 

Wis 

Ga. 


Population. 


1870.     188a 


1,839 
'i,219 


882 


1,590 
1.974 


628 
650 


1,4G8 
195 

2,013 
737 
122 
432 

1,925 


199 
455 


88 

2,219 

638 

1,619 

2,867 


1,008 
68 


997 
1,595 


312 
750 
466 
128 


2,396 


1,314 


1,243 

781 


1,140 


1,511 


1,467 
697 

2,231 
734 


978 
890 
1,485 
1,406 
3,416 
1,821 


773 

225 

414 

1,226 

1,212 

4.S0 

1,214 

781 


906 


^  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


*  Since  1670,  area  reduced. 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  EETURNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


County. 


nannony  Hill p.h. 

Hanicdsville p.h. 

Harnett tp. 

Harp tp. 

Uiirpcr p.v. 

Ilarpor p.tp. 

Ilarper tp. 

Harper's  Ferry p.T. 

nar|)er'8  Ferry p.h. 

Harper's  Ferry p.T. 

Harpersfield tp. 

Harpersfleld p.h. 

Harpersfield p.tp. 

Harpci-sville p.T. 

Harpswell tp. 

Harpswell  Neck....T. 

Hurrell's tp. 

Ilarrell's  Store p.h. 

Ilarrellaville p.tp, 

Harriets  town tp. 

Harrington p.T. 

Harriugton tp. 

Harrington p.T. 

Harrington tp. 

Harris tp. 

Harris tp. 

Harris tp. 

Harris tp. 

Harris tp. 

Harris tp. 

Harris  ^ tp. 

Harris tp. 

Harrisburg h. 

Harrisburg tp. 

Harrisburg p.T. 

Harrisburg ,.T. 

Harrishurg tp. 

Harrisburg p.h. 

Harrisb'jrg p.tp. 

Harrisburg p.T. 

Harrisburg t. 

Harrisburg T. 

Harrisburg p.T. 

Harrisburg c. 

Harrisburg p.T. 

Harrisburg p.T. 

Harrison p.T, 

Harrison ....p.tp. 

Harrison ...tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison... tp. 

Harrison P.tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison. tp. 

HarriBon„ tp. 

Harrison.. tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison.. tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison.. tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison.. tp. 

Harrison.. tp. 

Harrison.. tp. 

Harrison* tp. 

Harrison.. p.tp, 

Harrison.. tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison p.T. 

Harrison p.T. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison p.tj,, 

Harrison.. tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison  ». tp. 


Rusk , 

Somerset 

New  HanoTer.. 

De  Witt... 

Keokuk 

Harper 

McPherson 

Allamakee 

Henry 

Jefferson 

Delaware 

Delaware 

Ashtabula 

Shelby 

Cumberland.... 
Cumberland... 

Mitchell 

Sampson 

Hertford 

Franklin 

Kent 

Washington... 
Washington... 

Bergen 

Fulton 

St.  Joseph 

Ripley 

Franklin 

Stanley 

Ottawa 

Centre 

Marquette 

Jasper 

Saline 

Saline 

Grant 

Van  Buren ...., 

Boone 

Lewis 

Franklin , 

Montgomery .. 

Stark 

Linn , 

Dauphin 

Zlarris 

Washington.., 

Boone 

Winnebago 

Bartholomew., 
Blackford..... 

Buono 

Cass 

Clay 

Daviess 

Dearborn. 

Delaware 

Elkhart 

Fayette , 

Harrison 

Henry , 

Howard 

Kbox 

Kosciusko 

Miami 

Morgan 

Owen 

Pulaski. 


Popuiauon. 


187a      1880. 


Tex ... 

I'a 

N.  C... 

Ill 

Iowa.., 
Kan„. 
Kan... 
Iowa. . 
Ky  .... 
W.  Va 

N.  y... 

N.Y... 
Ohio.. 
Ala.... 

Me 

Me  .... 
N.  C... 
N.  C... 
N.  C..., 
N.  Y... 
Del.... 

Me 

Me 

N.  J.„, 

111 

Ind..., 

Mo 

N.  C„, 
N.  C. 
Ohio.. 

Pa 

Wis... 

Ill 

lU 

Ill 

Ind..., 

Iowa.... 

Mo... 

N.Y. 

Ohio, 

Ohio. 

Ohio, 

Oregon. 

Pa... 

Tex.. 

Utah 

Ark.. 

111.... 

Ind.. 

Ind.. 

Ind.. 

Ind.. 

Ind.. 

Ind.. 

Ind.. 

Ind.. 

Ind.. 

Ind.. 

Ind.. 

Ind.. 

Ind.. 

Ind.. 

Ind.. 

Ind.. 

Ind.. 

Ind.. 

Ind 


Spencer. |  Ind. 

Union 

Vigo 

Wnyno 

Wells 

Adair 

Benton 

Boone 

Harrison 

Lee 

Mahaska 

Chautauqua.. 

Franklin 

Jewell 

Nemalia 

Cumberland.. 
Cumberland.. 

Clare 

Macomb 

Kandiyohi.... 

Daviess 

Grundy 

Mercer..   .... 

Moniteau 


Ind. 

Ind.... 

Ind..  . 

Ind.... 

Iowa.. 

low,-*.. 

Iowa.. 

Iowa.. 

Iowa.. 

Iowa.. 

Kan... 

Kan... 

Kan... 

Kan... 

Me 

Me 

Mich.. 
Mich.. 
Minn . 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Ho 


1,543 
1,164 


1,486 


1,749 


1,743 
416 


1,142 


2,664 
1,029 

408 

160 
1,266 

924 
2,190 
1,999 

498 


1,710 
590 


1,090 
153 


23,104 
571 


725 
1,228 
1,680 
1,209 
1,171 
2,241 
1,084 
1,086 
1,400 
1,655 

867 
3,462 

807 

2,812 

1,745 

1,202 

378 

451 

753 

1,977 

759 

870 

580 

5,961 

431 

602 

"830 

988 
1,270 


1,219 


914 

1,685 


57 

88 

1,665 

1,071 

254 

747 

480 

145 

21 

764 

1,420 

99 

1,116 

194 

1,773 

802 

1,053 

68 

2,233 

633 

745 

1,290 

386 

2,570 

1,220 

450 

566 

1,900 

1,190 

2,516 

942 

634 

76 

2,302 

934 

146 

971 

88 

1,089 

186 

162 

136 

422 

30,762 

942 

103 

682 

650 

1,162 

2,163 

1,401 

1,157 

3,043 

1,289 

1,090 

1,786 

1,888 

999 

3,562 

1,914 

1,086 

3,266 

1,803 

1,249 

445 

522 

819 

2,279 

816 

1,868 

688 

4,389 

841 

598 

680 

1,999 

1,007 

1,615 


638 
669 

1,168 
3-23 
129 
744 
624 
756 
557 

1,258 
964 


Place. 


Harrison. tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison.. tp. 

Harrison t. 

Harrison p.tp. 

Harrison. tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison. tp. 

Harrison.. tp. 

Harrison p.T. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison.. tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison.. tp. 

Harrison.. tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison.. tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison h, 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison. tp. 

Harrison.. tp. 

Harrison.. tp. 

Harrison p.T. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrison tp. 

Harrisonburg p.T. 

Harrisonburg p.T. 

Harrison  City p.T. 

Harrison  Station.. ..p.T. 

Harrisonrille b. 

Harrisonville p.T. 

HarrisonTille t. 

Harrisonville p.h. 

Harrisonville p.T. 

Harrisonvil  le i])[.t. 

Harrisonville p.T. 

HarrisonTille t. 

Harrisonville h. 

Harrisonville h. 

Harris  Station p.T. 

Harristown. tp. 

Harristown p.v. 

Harristown p.h. 

Harrisville p.T. 

Harrisville tp. 

Harrisville.. p.v. 

Harrisville tp. 

Harrisville p.T. 

Harrisville p.v. 

Harrisville p.v. 

Harrisville tp. 

Harrisville p.b. 

Harrisville v. 

Harrisville T. 

Harrisville p.T. 

Harrisville p.h. 

Harrodsbnrg p.T. 

Harrodsburg p.T. 

Harshasville p.h. 

Harshaville p.h. 

Harshmansville p.T. 

Hart tp. 

Hart tp. 

Hart p.T. 

Hart p.tp. 

Hart tp. 

Harter tp. 

Hartford c. 

Hartford tp. 

Hai-tford tp. 

Hartford v. 

Hartford p.h. 

Hartford tp. 

Hartford p.T. 

Hartford p.T. 

Hartford p.tp. 

Ilanford tp. 

Hartford p.T. 

Hartford p.tp. 

Hartford tp. 

Hartford p.h. 

Hartford tp. 

Hartford p.T. 

Hartford. t. 


County. 


Scotland 

Vernon 

Gloucester 

Hudson 

Westchester 

Carroll , 

Champaign 

Darke 

Gallia 

Hamilton 

Hamilton 

Henry 

Knox 

Licking 

Logan , 

Montgomery ... 

Muskingum 

Paulding 

Perry 

Pickaway , 

Portage 

Preljle 

Ross , 

Scioto 

Van  Wert 

Vinton 

Alleghany 

Bedford 

Potter 

James 

Calumet 

Grant 

Catahoula 

Rockingham  ... 
Westmoreland. 
Tallahatchee.... 

Richmond 

Monroe 

Martin 

Shelby 

Cass 

Gloucester 

Meigs 

Scioto 

Centre 

Fulton 

Obion 

Macon 

Macon 

Washington 

Randolph 

Alcona 

Alcona 

Cheshire 

Cheshire 

Lewis 

Harrison 

Medina 

Butler 

Kent , , 

Providence 

Ritchie 

Marquette 

Monroe 

Mercer , 

Adams 

Beaver 

Montgomery.... 

Warrick 

Oceana 

Oceana 

Winona 

Wright 

Clay 

Hartford 

Hartford 

Adams 

Crawford 

Ohio 

Iowa 

Warren 

Ohio 

Oxford 

S''an  Buren 

Van  Buren 

Todd 

Pike 

Putnam 

Washington 

Washington 

Guernsey 


Mo 

Mo 

N.J 

N.  J.... 
N.Y... 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Ohio.. 
Ohio... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.., 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Tenn ., 

Wis 

Wis..., 

La. 

Va. 

Pa 

Miss.. 

Ga 

Ill , 

Ind 

Ky 

Mo , 

N.  J... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

Pa 

Tenn... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Mich.., 
Mich... 
N.  H.., 
N.H.. 
N.  Y... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio... 

Pa 

B.I 

R.I 

W.Va. 

Wis 

Ind 

Ky 

Ohio... 

Pa 

Ohio.... 

Ind 

Mich.... 
Mich.., 
Minn . 

Mo 

Ill 

Conn.. 

Conn.... 

Ind. 

Ind. 

Ind. 

Iowa... 

Iowa. 

Ky... 

Me.... 

Mich. 

Mich. 

Minn 

Mo.... 

Mo.... 

N.Y. 

N.Y.. 

Ohio.. 


Population. 


1,491 

415 
3,038 
4,129 

787 
1,024 

944 
2,007 
1,329 

758 
1,417 
1,295 

687 
1,242 

994 
2,116 
1,197 

304 
1,202 
1,271 


2,294 
1,150 
1,032 
1,319 

782 
1,870 

783 
1,052 

421 
1,562 
1,045 

217 
2,036 


1,032 


160 


258 

1,182 

352 


140 

'*2,"2C» 


1,892 
1,004 


859 


2,786 

37,180 

37,743 

935 


1,234 


511 

996 

1,709 


1,683 
'i',989 


1,804 

1,050 

2,841 

6,893 

1,494 

1,075 

973 

2,174 

1,42« 

2,277 

1,850 

1,372 

723 

1,329 

978 

2,667 

1,245 

770 

1,562 

1,461 

84 

2,663 

1,226 

1,325 

1,481 

1,172 

2,352 

978 

1,162 

206 

2,036 

1,090 

243 

2,831 

247 

224 

47 

141 

120 

94 

1,113 

196 

160 

116 

70 

83 

121 

963 

153 

67 

111 

1,400 

649 

870 

621 

353 

318 

l,:i82 

386 

660 

642 

221 

83 

28T 

2,202 

52 

32 

196 

2,166 

1,392 

464 

906 

1,097 

2,878 

42,015 

42,551 

1,103 

125 

84 

1,579 

267 

624 

863 

2,308 

838 

634 

1,959 

39 

1,760 

392 

14« 


1  Since  1870,  area  reduced 


*  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced. 


»  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 
309 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PUotb 


Hartford.......... ....tp. 

Rftrtford T. 

Ilartford „.p.tp, 

Hartford _.p.tp. 

]Iartfurd tj). 

TTartfurd p.T. 

nartford  City p.T. 

ITartford  City p.T. 

Hartlaad tp. 

IlarttaDd tp. 

Uartland tp. 

Hartland tp. 

HartlaDd p.T. 

Hartland .tp. 

Hartland p.T. 

Hartland.. ....... ...  „tp. 

Hartland p.T. 

Hartland .p.tp. 

Hartland p.tp. 

Hartland tp. 

Hartland p.T. 

Hartland tp. 

Hartland .tp. 

Hartland p.T. 

Hartland  4  Cornors.p.b 

Hartleton p.T. 

Hartley p.tp. 

Hartley tp. 

Hartsburg p.T. 

Hartsell'i p.T. 

Uart'B  Falls p.T. 

Hart's  Grove. ........  tp. 

Hart's  Island isl. 

Hartsook tp. 

Hartstown p.T. 

Hartsfillo p.T. 

Hartsville tp. 

Hartsville .......p.T. 

Hartsvillo p.tp. 

HartsTlUe p.T. 

Hartsville h. 

Hartville.. p.T. 

Hartviile p.T. 

Hartwell p.T. 

Hartwell p.T, 

llartwick tp. 

Ilartwick p.tp. 

Hai-vard p.v. 

Hai-vart) tp. 

Harvard p.T. 

Harvard p.T. 

Harvel p.tp. 

Harvey tp. 

Harvey tp. 

Hanrey p.T. 

HarTey tp. 

Harveysburg p.T. 

Harvey  ville h. 

Hanriell p.h. 

Harwich tp. 

Harwich -.p.T. 

Ham-inton tp. 

Harwinton... p.h. 

Harwood tp. 

Harwood p.T. 

Haskell's  I8land....i8l. 

Haskins p.T. 

Haslett's „tp. 

Hasmarck h. 

Ha«an p.tp. 

Hassard p.h. 

Hastinga... t. 

Hastings p.T. 

Hastiugs c. 

Hastings tp. 

Hastings c. 

Hastings.. p.T. 

Hastings tp. 

Hastings  on  Hudson.pT 

Hatboroiigh p.b. 

Hatcliecliubl)ee...._p.T. 

Hatch  viUe p.v.' 

Hatfield p.tp. 

Hatfield p.tp. 

UftttPrus p.tp. 

Uaulietadt p.v. 

naught's  Storo.„...p.h. 

Haupliville h. 

Hauppauge p.h. 

HausertoWD p.h. 

Haiito T. 

Havana p.T, 

Havana tp. 

810 


Coanty. 


Licking.......... 

Licking 

Tmmbalt... 

Windsor 

Washington.... 
Washington.... 

Blackford 

Mason 

Hartford 

MoHenry.- 

Worth 

Somerset 

Somerset 

Livingston 

Livingston 

Freebiom 

Freeborn 

Niagara. 

Huron 

Windsor 

■Windsor 

Fierce 

Shawano 

Waukesha 

Windsor. 

Union 

O'Brien 

Union 

Logan 

Morgan- 

Bensselaer. 

Ashtabula. 

Westchester-.. 

Kills 

Crawford 

Bartholomew., 

Steuben 

Bucks 

Darlington...., 

Tronsdale 

Austin 

Wright , 

Stark  _ 

Hart , 

Hamilton 

Osceola. 

Otsego 

McHenry 

Worcester 

Worcester 

Clay 

Montgomery.., 

Cowley 

Smith , 

Marquette , 

Meeker 

Warren 

Chester. 

Butler 

Barnstable 

Barnstable ...., 

Litchfield 

Litchfield 

Champaign...., 

Gonzales 

Cumberland ... 

Wood 

Gates 

Deer  Lodge.-.. 

Hennepin , 

Balls 

Cook 

Mills , 

Barry - 

Barry 

Dakota. 

Adams 

Oswego , 

Westchester.,.. 
Montgomery .. 

Russell 

Barnstable 

Hampshire 

Montgomery .. 

Dare 

Gibson 

Dallas 

Marlon.- 

Suffolk 

Owen  - 

Carbon 

Hale 

Mason. 


BUt«. 


Ohio-.., 
Ohio-... 
Ohio-.., 

Vt 

Wis.-.. 
Wis.-... 

Ind 

W.  Va. 
Conn... 

Ill 

Iowa... 

Mo. 

Me. 

Mich... 
Mich... 
Minn .. 
Minn .. 
N.  Y-.. 
Ohio-.. 

Vt 

Vt 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Vt 

Pa 

Iowa... 

Pa. 

HI 

Ala 

N.  Y.... 
Ohio-.. 
N.  Y-., 
Kan  -.. 

Pa. 

Ind 

N.  Y„.. 

Pa. 

S.  0 

Tenn .. 
Tex .-.. 
U«L.... 
Ohio..,. 

Ga 

Ohio-., 
Mich.., 
N.  Y-., 

Ill 

Mass.., 
Mass... 

Neb 

Ill- 

Kan.,., 
Kan  -„ 
Mich- 
Minn.. 
Ohio-.. 

Pa. 

Mo 

Mass... 
Mass... 
Conn... 
Conn.,, 

Ill- 

Tex ..,., 

Me 

Ohio-.. 
N.  0-.. 
Mon-.. 
Minn.. 

Mo 

HI 

Iowa... 
Mich... 
Mich... 
Minn .. 

Neb 

N.  Y .... 
N.  Y-.. 

Pa 

Ala 

Mass-.. 
Mass-., 

Pa 

N.  0-™ 

Ind 

Tex.-.., 

Ind 

N.  Y-.. 

Ind 

Pa. 

Ala 

Ill 


Population. 


187a     1880, 


1,017 
229 
1,314 
2,480 
2,G86 


878 
918 
789 

1,037 
676 

1,120 


1,169 


3,220 

953 

1,710 


674 
641 


1,143 


1,111 
799 


188 
433 
993 


1,845 


154 

67 

47 

2,339 

1,120 

1,341 


364 

388 


3,080 


1,044 


779 


243 
946 


1,793 
1,126 
3,458 


3,058 


1,694 

1,612 

673 


2,933 


1,164 

349 

1,382 

2,954 

2,739 

1,343 

1,470 

607 

643 

1,054 

619 

1,047 

633 

1,250 

216 

699 

107 

8,340 

954 

1,698 

118 

1,215 

1,196 

287 

61 

300 

104 

1,661 

188 

226 

1,276 

798 

766 

439 

167 

486 

1,016 

101 

1,637 

604 

86 

248 

135 

443 

892 

239 

2,340 

1,607 

1,253 

190 

768 

670 

670 

1,431 

126 

668 

639 

78 

82 

3,266 

612 

1,016 

78 

869 

155 

20 

381 

1,103 

89 

736 

34 

3.32 

440 

2,631 

1,284 

3,809 

2,817 

2,866 

1,290 

686 

148 

116 

1,495 

1,694 

821 

278 

41 

70 

91 

78 

109 

137 

3,204 


PUce. 


Havana.......^. p.T. 

Havana. p.tp. 

Havana. p.h. 

Havana. p.v. 

Havana. p.v. 

Iluveluck tp. 

Haven p.tp. 

Haven p.tp. 

Havcnsport h. 

Havensville p.T. 

HaTerfleld „ t. 

Ilavorford p.tp. 

Haverhill c. 

Haverhill tp. 

Haverhill tp. 

Haverhill p.v. 

Haverhill p.h. 

Havergtraw tp. 

Haverstraw p.v. 

Havilah p.v. 

Havre  de  Grace p.T. 

Haw  Creek tp. 

Haw  Creek tp. 

Haw  Creek tp. 

Hawesvillo p.T. 

Hawk  Creek tp. 

Hawk  Eye p.h. 

Hawk  Eye tp. 

Hawkins p.v. 

Hawkinstown p.h. 

Hawkinsville v. 

Hawkinsvllle p.T. 

Hawkinsville p.T. 

Hawk's  Nest p.h. 

Hawley p.tp. 

Hawley p.h. 

Hawley p.T. 

HawleysTlUe p.T. 

Hawthorn p.tp. 

Hawthorn p.h. 

Haw  Tree tp. 

Haxby h. 

Haycock tp. 

Hay  Creek p.tp. 

Hayden  Hill p.v. 

Hayes tp. 

Hayes tp. 

Hayes tp. 

Hayes tp. 

Hayes tp. 

Hayes tp. 

Hayes tp. 

Hayes tp. 

Hayes p.h. 

Hayes tp. 

Hayes tp. 

Hayes tp. 

Hayes tp. 

Hayes tp. 

Hayes p.v. 

Hayes tp. 

Hayes'  Store p.h. 

Hayesville p.v, 

Hayfiold tp. 

Hayfield p.tp. 

Hay  Fork tp. 

Hay  Fork p.v. 

Haymaker p.T. 

Hay  market p.T. 

Haynesville p.tp, 

Hayuesville p.v. 

Haynesville p.tp. 

Hoy  River tp. 

Hays tp. 

Hays  City p.v. 

Haysville -p.h. 

Hayvlile v. 

Hay  ward p.h, 

Hayward p.tp, 

Haywood p.v. 

Haywood p.v. 

Hazel tp. 

Hazel  Dell tp. 

Hazel  Green tp. 

Hazel  Green p.v. 

Hazel  Run tp. 

Hazelton p.v, 

Hazelton tp. 

Hazelton p.v. 

Hazelton p.tp. 

Hazle  Green p.tp. 

Hazle  Green p.v 

Hazle  Hill tp. 


Connty. 


Mason 

Steele 

Gentry 

Schuyler 

Huron 

Chippewa  - 

Reno 

Slierlmrne , 

FMirfield 

Pottawatomie 

Grafton 

Delaware 

Essex 

Olmsted 

Grafton 

Grafton- 

Scioto 

liockland 

Rockland.- 

Kern 

Harford 

Knox 

Bartholomew 

Morgan 

Hancock 

Renville 

Fayette 

Osborne 

Wood 

Shenandoah 

Siskiyou 

Pulaski 

Oneida 

Fayette 

Franklin 

Clay 

Wayne 

Page 

White 

Montgomery 

Warren 

Iroquois 

Bucks 

Goodhue 

Lassen 

Biiena  Vista 

Ida 

Dickinson 

Franklin 

McPherson 

Mitchell 

Reno 

Stafford- 

Meade 

Charlevoix 

Clare 

Otsego 

Swift 

Clay 

Clay 

Franklin 

Madison 

Ashland 

Dodge 

Crawford 

Trinity 

Trinity 

McKean 

Prince  William.., 

Pratt 

Claiborne , 

Aroostook 

Dunn 

Crawford 

Ellis 

Dubois 

Delaware.- 

Custer 

Freeborn 

Alameda 

Chatham 

Luzerne 

Pottawattamie.... 

Grant 

Grant 

Yellow  Medicine, 

Gibson 

Buchanan 

Buchanan 

Shiawassee 

Delaware 

Wolfe 

Johnson 


State. 


HI 

Minn 
Mo ... 
N.  Y- 
Ohlo- 
Minn 
Kan- 
Minn 
Ohio- 
Kan., 
N.  H., 
Pa..... 
Mass. 
Minn  ... 
N.  H.... 
N.  H.... 
Ohio.... 
N.  Y.... 
N.  Y-.. 

Cal 

Md 

Ill 

Ind 

Mo 

Ky 

Minn.. 
Iowa... 
Kan.... 

Tex 

Va 

Cal 

Ga. 

N.  Y.... 
W.  Va 
Mass..., 
Minn  ., 

Pa 

Iowa... 

Ill 

Iowa... 
N.  C-.. 

Ill 

Po... 

Minn... 

Cal .... 

Iowa.. 

Iowa. . 

Kan-, 

Kan-, 

Kan... 

Kan... 

Kan„. 

Kan- 

Ky.... 

Mich.. 

Mich.. 

Mich.. 

Minn . 

N.  C„. 

N.  C„. 

N.  C... 

Ala.... 

Ohio-. 

Minn. 

Pa 

Cal .... 
Cal .... 

Pa 

Va 

Kan  „. 

La 

Me 

Wis-.. 
Iowa.. 
Kan  -. 
Ind.... 

Pa 

Dakota. 
Minn 
Cal..„ 
N.  C. 

I'a 

Iowa. 
Wis.- 
Wis... 
Minn, 
Ind... 
Iowa 
Iowa. 
Midi. 
Iowa. 
Ky ... 
Mo.... 


POPULATION  OP  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OP  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Ilazlehuret p.v. 

Hazleton p.b. 

Hazlettville p.h. 

Hazlowood p.tp, 

Ilazlewood.- tp, 

Ileadarillo p.h. 

Heafnersvillo  - v. 

Ilealdsburg. p.T. 

Ileuling  Springs....p.tp. 

Ilealthville  _ v. 

Heariio p.T. 

Heartwellville p.v. 

Heath ......p.tp. 

Heath tp. 

Heath tp. 

Heatb'8  Creek  > tp. 

Ueathville h. 

HebbardfiviUe- p.v. 

Ilebbardsville- p.h. 

Heber p.v. 

Hebron™ p.tp. 

Hebron tp. 

Hebron_ p.v, 

Hebron p.v, 

Hebron ....p.h, 

Hebron p.tp. 

Hebron p.v. 

Hebron p.tp, 

Hebron tp. 

Hebron- p.v. 

Hebron v. 

Hebron p.tp. 

Hebron- tp. 

Hebron tp. 

Hebron p.h. 

Hebron- p.h. 

Hebron tp. 

Hebron- p.v. 

UeckschorviUe p.v. 

Hecla V. 

Hector tp. 

Hector— p.v. 

Hector  „ _.p.tp. 

Hector p.tp. 

Hector's  Creek tp. 

Hedge  City p.h. 

Uedgesvilio p.v. 

Heglicrt tp. 

Uegiiis p.tp 

Heidelberg tp. 

Heidelberg tp. 

Heidelberg tp. 

Hcidelburg  ^ tp. 

Heislorville ....p.v. 

Helen tp. 

Helena p.v. 

Helena' tp. 

Helena. p.tp. 

Helena  - p.h. 

Helena c. 

Helena p.v. 

Helena p.v. 

Helena p.v. 

Helena  Station p.h. 

Helenville v. 

Helfenstein ~..p.v. 

Hollara p.tp. 

Heller's tp. 

Hellertown— p.b. 

}Iellto\vn_ V. 

Helt tp. 

He!  ton p.tp. 

HeltonviUe .....p.v. 

Helvetia tp. 

Helvetia „ p.h. 

Helvetia tp. 

Hematite p.T. 

Hemlock tp. 

Hemlock  Lake p.v. 

HempBeld tp. 

Heinpfield tp. 

Hempstead tp. 

Hempstead p.T. 

Hempstead p.v. 

Henderson p.v. 

Henderson tp. 

Henderson p.T. 

Henderson 0. 

Henderson p.h. 

Henderson p.h. 

Henderson tp. 


Connty. 


Copiah , 

Luzerne 

Kent 

Webster 

Chester 

Bobertsou , 

Jefferson 

Sonoma , 

Davidson 

York 

Robertson 

Bennington-.. 

Franklin 

Allegan 

Joffot'sou 

Pettis 

Jefferson 

Henderson .... 

Athens 

Wasatch 

Tolland- 

McHenry 

McHenry  -.... 

Porter. 

Boone 

Oxford 

Thayer 

Grafton 

Washington- 
Licking 

Lebanon 

Potter 

Marlborougli.. 
Orangeburg-. 
Washington-. 

Pleasants 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Schuylkill 

Hopkins 

Uenville 

Renville 

Schuyler 

Potter 

Harnett 

Knox 

Berkeley 

Swift 

Schuylkill 

Berks 

Lebanon ....... 

Lehigh «, 

York 

Cumberland,. 

McLeod 

Phillips 

Antrim.- 

Scott 

Andrew 

Lewis  and  Clarke. 
St.  Lawrence,. 

Sandusky 

Karnes.- 

Iowa 

St.  Charles 

Schuylkill 

York 

Newberry 

Northampton  . 

Butte 

Vermilion- 

Afiho 

Lawrence- 

Madison 

Randolph 

Waupaca 

Jefferson 

Columbia 

Livingston 

Mercer 

Westmoreland 

Queeus 

Queens 

Waller 

Pike 

Knox 

Knox 

Henderson 

Caroline 

Shiawassee 

Wexford ........ 


Miss. 

Pa.... 

Del.. 

Mo... 

S.C. 

Tex.. 

Mo... 

Cal.. 

N.  C. 

Pa.... 

Tex, 

Vt... 

Mass.... 

Mich.... 

Pa , 

Mo 

Pa. 

Ky 

Ohio- 
Utah.... 
Conn.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ky 

Me 

Neb.-.., 
N.H„... 
N.  Y...., 

Ohio 

Pa„ 

Pa 

S.  0 

S.  C 

Utah..., 
W.Va... 

Wis 

Wis , 

Pa , 

Ky 

Minn .., 
Minn ... 

N.  Y 

Pa 

N.  0 

Mo 

W.  Va.. 
Minn ... 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  J.„.. 
Minn  .. 
Ark.-.. 
Mich.... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

Mon..., 
N.  Y... 
Ohio.... 
Tex_... 
Wis.... 

La 

Pa 

Pa. 

S.  0 

Pa. 

Cal 

Ind..... 
N.  C.-. 

Ind 

Ill 

W.Va. 

Wis 

Mo 

Pa 

N.  Y... 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  Y... 
N.  Y„. 
Tex.... 

Ala 

Ill 

Ill 

Ky 

Md 

Mich... 
Mich... 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


662 
4^317 


1,267 
1,656 


959 
675 


613 
1,000 

247 
2,623 


668 

1,279 

930 


744 


382 
2,399 

478 


754 

1,681 

311 


1,372 


4,905 
651 


1,154 
1,193 
2,2.56 
1,441 

2,266 

'""476 

2,249 

483 

1,089 


3,106 


1,639 
2,061 


2,794 
1,004 


2,707 


148 


1,170 
257 
1,119 
5,819 
13,999 
2,316 


1,742 


4,171 


463 

7,101 
69 

1,232 

2,664 
49 
160 

1,133 
643 
218 

1,421 
122 
560 
816 
207 

1,273 
45 
133 
92 

1,291 

1,243 
918 
137 
716 
96 
601 
466 
329 

2,383 
489 
140 
8:« 

2,829 
960 
75 
71 

1,118 
142 
439 
278 
394 
196 

6,025 
958 
732 
23 
383 
336 

1,4.'J0 

1,281 

2,408 

1,667 
916 
338 
967 

8,652 
391 

1,383 
31 

3,624 
129 
111 
286 
77 
374 
122 

1,963 

2,400 
605 
150 

8,027 

1,211 
111 

8,359 
66 
243 
116 

1,080 
259 

1,006 

6,286 
18,104 

2,621 

1,612 
143 

1,454 
198 

6,366 
52 
66 
194 


Place. 


Henderson tp. 

Hondorson p.b. 

Henderson p.v. 

Henderson tp. 

Henderson p.T. 

Henderson tp. 

Henderson p.T. 

Henderson tp. 

Henderson tp. 

Henderson p.h. 

Henderson p.v. 

Henderson p.T. 

Henderson  Harbor.h. 

Hendersonville tp. 

Hendersonville p.v. 

Henderson  vi  II0...-.V. 

Hendeisonville p.v. 

Hendricks tp. 

Hendricks tp. 

Hendricks tp. 

Hendrum p.tp. 

Hendiysburg p.v. 

Henefer p.v. 

Henley h. 

Hennepin tp. 

Hennepin p.v. 

Henniker tp. 

Hennikor p.v. 

Henning p.v. 

Henrietta p.tp. 

Henrietta p.tp. 

Henrietta p.tp. 

Henrietta p.tp. 

Henry tp. 

Henry p.v. 

Henry tp. 

Henry tp. 

Henry tp. 

Henry tp. 

Henry tp. 

Henry tp. 

Henry  Clay tp. 

Henry  Station p.v. 

Henry  vi  He p.v. 

Henry  ville v. 

Henry  ville v. 

Henry  ville tp. 

Hensloy tp. 

Hensley tp. 

Hensonville p.v. 

Hepburn tp. 

Hepler p.v. 

Heppner p.v. 

Herald's  Prairie... .tp. 
Herbertsville  .......v. 

Herdland tp. 

Hereford p.tp. 

Herkimer. tp. 

Herkimer p.v. 

Herman b. 

Herman p.v. 

Herman tp. 

Herman p.h. 

Herman p.tp. 

Herman tp. 

Herman tp. 

Hermann p.v, 

Ilermansvllle p.v. 

Herman  town T. 

Hermitage p.T. 

Hermitage p.h. 

Uermon p.h. 

Hermon p.tp. 

Hermon tp. 

Hermon p.T. 

Hernando p.T. 

Uerndon p.h. 

Herndon p.T. 

Horndon.-.. p.T. 

Heron  Lake tp. 

Heron  Lake p.v. 

Herrick p.tp. 

Ilerrick tp. 

Herrick  Centre p.v. 

Ilerscher p.v. 

Horsey tp. 

Hersey ....tp. 

Hersey- p.v. 

Hersey p.tp. 

Hersey _..p.v, 

Horsman .....p.h 


County. 


Sibley 

Sibley 

Webster 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Granville 

Granville 

Huntingdon 

Jefferson 

Mercer 

Madison 

Bnak 

Jefferson 

Henderson 

Henderson 

Colleton 

Sumner 

Shelby 

Chautauqua. 

Mackinac 

Polk 

Belmont 

Summit 

Siskiyou 

Putnam 

Putnam 

Merrimac 

Merrimac- 

Lauderdale 

Jackson 

Monroe 

Lorain 

Richland 

Marshall 

Marshall 

Fulton 

Henry 

Van  Buren 

Ottawa 

Vernon 

Wood 

Fayette- 

Henry , 

Clarke 

Logan 

Nicholas 

Renville 

Champaign 

Johnson 

Greene 

Lycoming 

Crawford 

Umatilla 

White 

Ocean 

Clay 

Berks 

Herkimer 

Herkimer 

Lake 

Grant 

St.  Louis 

AVashington 

Dodge 

Shawano 

Sheboygan 

Gasconade 

Menominee 

St.  Clair 

Hickory 

Mercer 

Knox 

Penobscot 

St.  Lawrence 

St.  Lawrence 

De  Soto 

Saline 

Northumberland. 

Fairfax 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Bradford 

Susquehanna 

Susquehanna ..... 

Kankakee 

Aroostook 

Osceola 

Osceola - 

Nobles 

St  Croix 

Brown 


State. 


Minn ... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  C 

N.C 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Tenn.... 

Tex 

N.  Y 

N.  C.-... 

N.C 

S.C 

Tenn.... 

Ind 

Kan 

Mich.... 
Minn  ... 

Ohio 

Utah.... 

Cal 

Ill 

Ill 

N.  H 

N.  H.... 
Tonn  ... 
Mich.... 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Wis 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Mo 

Ohio 

Pa 

Tenn  ... 

Ind 

Ky 

Ky 

Minn.., 

Ill 

Ind 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Kan.-.., 
Oregon. 

Ill 

N.  J.- 
Iowa. 

Pa. 

N.  Y-. 
N.  Y„. 
Dak.... 
Minn 
Minn. 
Neb._. 
Wis... 
Wis.- 
Wis.- 
Mo..... 
Mich. 

Ill 

Mo 

Pa 

Ill 

Mo..... 
N.  Y„ 
N.  Y- 
Miss.. 
Mo.... 
Pa..... 
Va.... 
Minn 
Minn 

Pa 

Pa..... 
Pa..... 

Ill 

Me 

Mich. 
Mich. 
Minn 
Wis.... 
Ill 


Popclation. 


1870.      1880. 


686 
706 


1,926 
339 

3,033 
545 
661 
884 


1,636 
278 


1,704 


172 
"2,144 
'*r,288 


976 
2,280 
927 
VA 
2,613 
2,162 
1,919 
2,818 


680 
686 
951 


804 
1,668 


1,160 


1,260 
2,949 
1,220 


2,252 
1,335 


1,489 

1,792 

573 

730 


1,009 
960 


107 
286 


684 

964 

146 

1,842 

407 

4,696 

1,421 

738 

872 

63 

493 

1,660 

89 

2,561 

561 

263 

170 

1,829 

860 

4.34 

257 

286 

202 

90 

1,734 

623 

1,326 

305 

148 

1,1.14 

2,243 

894 

1,005 

2,108 

1,728 

1,889 

3,056 

690 

364 

1,162 

1,688 

1,232 

146 

218 

111 

277 

337 

765 

1,712 

120 

857 

100 

318 

1,983 

262 

163 

1,406 

8,693 

2,359 

68 

184 

293 

95 

1,641 

462 

2,133 

1,314 

232 

197 

167 

49 

74 

1,394 

1,634 

622 

683 

66 

306 

422 

226 

163 

935 

1,104 

172 

103 

169 

778 

472 

199 

318 

36 


^  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


I  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 
811 


POPULATrOX  OP  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED*. 


PiMt. 


Bertrurd m. tp. 

Uartrord p.tr. 

Ueiper  ...._.....>...„tp. 

IlMper >.>...p.r. 

HMpuHa „.p.v. 

Beatoria v. 

Beth tp. 

Beiivolton p.  v. 

Hewot ..tp. 

Beyward .^ tp. 

Baywortlt. p.r. 

Biawaasee p.T. 

Blawathii tp. 

Biawutha. p.r. 

Biawatba ..tp. 

BIbler ^ tp. 

Bickmau ~p.r. 

Biekman  - .......p.b. 

Bickmau  Mills ph. 

Bickury tp. 

Hickory p.tp. 

Hickory p.b. 

Hickory tp. 

Hickory ....p.tp. 

Hickory ....tp. 

Hickory ...tp. 

Hickory tp. 

Hickory ....p.  v. 

Hickory  Grove tp. 

Hickory  Grove tp. 

Hickory  Grove p.li. 

Hickory  Grove tp. 

Hickory  Grove tp. 

Hickory  Grove tp. 

Hickory  Hill.........tp. 

Hickory  Hill p.b. 

Hickory  Mountaiu.tp. 

Hickory  Point tp. 

Hickory  Valley  ..._p.li. 

Hicksfonl ......p.v. 

Hicksvllle >«...v. 

Hicksville p.r. 

Hicksvllle tp. 

Hicksville p.T. 

Hidnlgo ...p.v. 

Higbee p.v. 

Uiggius. tp. 

Higging. tp. 

Bigginsport ..^.p.T. 

UigKinsville p.v. 

High  Bridge p.tp. 

High  Falls ..p.v. 

High  Forest tp. 

High  Forest p.T. 

Highgate tp. 

Highgate p.v. 

Highgate  Centre...p.v. 

High  Hill p.v. 

High  Hill -....tp. 

High  Lake ......tp. 

Highland „tp. 

Highland _p.v. 

Highland tp. 

Highland tp. 

Highland .tp. 

Highland p.tp. 

Highland. tp. 

Highland tp. 

Highland tp. 

Highland „....tp. 

Highland tp. 

Highland tp. 

Highland ......tp. 

Highland tp. 

Uigliland „ tp. 

Highland tp. 

Highland ....p.  v. 

Highland .....tp. 

Highland ......tp. 

Highland _tp. 

Highland „tp. 

Highland... „p.h. 

Highland ...pitn. 

Highland ....tp. 

Highland tp. 

Highland .tp. 

Highland .tp. 

Highland „ tp. 

Highland .tp. 

Highland _tp. 

Highland .tp. 


Oomaij. 


Perquimans.... 
Penjuimaus..., 
NVinneahiek.... 
Winneshiek... 

Oceana 

Brown 

Harrison 

St.  Lawrence.. 

Clark «.. 

Colleton 

McLean 

Town* 

Brown 

Brown 

Schooloraft 

Edgefield....... 

Fulton „.... 

Lancaster , 

Jackson 

Schuyler 

Butler 

Harford » 

Uolt „„ 

Catawba. 

Forest 

Lawrence  ...... 

Mercer 


Washington .. 

Benton.. 

Jasper 

Monroe 

Scott 

Warren 

Grant...,. 

Wayne 

Cole 

Chatham 

Macon 

Hardeman 

Greenville 

Bristol 

Queens 

Defiance 

Defiance 

Hidalgo 

Bandolph 

Roscommon... 

McDowell 

Brown 

Lafayette 

Hunterdon.... 

Ulster 

Olmsted. 

Olmsted. 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Montgomery . 
Darlington..., 

Emmett 

Grundy. 

Madison 

Franklin 

Greene 

Vermilion 

Clayton 

Greene 

Guthrie 

O'Brien- 

Palo  Alto. 

Tama...~ 

Union 

Wapello 

Washington.., 
Winneshiek.. 

CUy....„ 

Doniphan..... 

Harvey 

Jewell 

Lincoln. 

Morris 

Lincoln  

Somerset h 

Oakland........ 

Osceola. , 

WalMsha....^. 
Lewis............ 

Oregon 

Orange , 

Sullivan , 

Defiance........ 


State. 


N.O... 
N.  0.... 
lown... 
lown... 
Mich... 
Ohio.., 

Ind 

N.  Y„., 
Wis..., 

8.0 

Ill- 

Ga 

Kan.,., 
Kan,,.. 
Micb... 
N.  0... 
Ky 

Neb.... 

Mo 

Ill 

Kan  .. 

Md 

Mo 

N.  0... 

Pa 

Pa , 

Pa. 

P« 

Ind..... 
Iowa... 
Iowa.. 
Iowa... 

Mo 

Wis..,. 

Ill 

Mo 

N.  C... 

Ill 

Tenu  .. 

Va 

Mass... 
N.  Y.. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.., 
Tex..... 

Mo 

Mich.. 
N.  C, 
Ohio.., 

Mo 

N.  J  .., 
N.  Y..., 
Minn .. 
Minn .. 

Vt 

Vt 

Vt 

Mo 

S.0 

Iowa.. 

Ill 

Ill- 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa.. 
Iowa... 
Iowa.. 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Kan.. 
Kan-. 
Kan.. 
Kan.., 
Kan... 
Kan... 

Ky 

Me 

Mich... 
Mich... 
Minn., 

Mo 

Mo 

N.Y.. 
N.Y_. 
Ohio-. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


1.188 

480 
1,011 


1,015 


1,407 
300 


1,607 
l,liiO 


613 

915 

7,700 


462 


1,2»8 
1,763 

S>07 
878 


960 
1,130 


1,287 


401 
630 


994 

249 

2,260 


182 
980 
1,757 
1,790 
1,321 
2,294 
834 


229 


603 
247 
959 
763 
922 


128 

1,241 

68 

716 


958 
946 


1,416 

661 

1,000 

212 

147 

370 

1,729 

613 

150 

1,748 

660 

104 

2,849 

1,;J75 

192 

1,78:» 

1,204 

83 

21 

680 

4:11 

43 

988 

3,071 

831 

1,002 

6,928 

205 

807 

747 

50 

1,201 

2,140 

771 

1,017 

18 

1,955 

1,205 

78 

322 

120 

1,021 

2,381 

1,212 

259 

347 

087 

400 

762 

797 

2,209 

671 

962 

180 

2,088 

184 

131 

223 

1,664 

319 

1,042 

1,969 

1,826 

1,219 

2,433 

847 

237 

608 

387 

289 

701 

640 

963 

865 

782 

622 

441 

638 

658 

250 

469 

73 

121 

1,414 

198 

858 

1,600 

268 

8,404 

1,013 

1,220 


PUce. 


Highland tp. 

Highland tp. 

Highland tp. 

Highland ip. 

Highland v. 

Highland tp. 

Highland v. 

Highland tp, 

Highliiud> tp. 

Highland p.T. 

Highland  Falls p  v. 

Highland  Mills p.v. 

Highland  Park p.b. 

Highlands p.v. 

Highlands p.b. 

Highland  Stntlon..p.h. 

Highlandtown v. 

HIghlandtown h. 

High  Market tp. 

High  Point p.tp. 

High  Point tp. 

High  Point p.v. 

High  Point .tp. 

High  Point p.v. 

High  Prairie .p.tp. 

High  Prairie tp. 

High  Shoals tp. 

High  Spire p.v. 

High  Tower p.h. 

High  towers p.tp. 

Hightstown -...p.b. 

Highwater tp. 

Hilbert .p.v. 

Hill tp. 

Hill _..p.v. 

Hill tp. 

Hill  City ..p.tp. 

Hillear tp. 

Hillear h. 

Hillerton....„ p.v. 

Hill  Grove ......p.v. 

Hilliard p.r. 

Hilllard p.h. 

Hilliard's p.T. 

Hillisburg p.v. 

Hills ......V. 

Hi  I  Isborough.. p.v. 

Hillsborough p.v. 

Hillsborough tp. 

Hillsborough p.v. 

Hillsborough v. 

Hillsborough p.v. 

Hillsborough h. 

Hillsborough p.v. 

Hillsborough p.v. 

Hillsborough p.v. 

Hillsborough p.v. 

Hillsborough tp. 

Hillsborough  ........p.v. 

Hillsborough p.tp. 

Hillsborough .tp. 

Hillsborough .p.v. 

Hillsliorough  ........p.v. 

Hillsborough p.v. 

Hillsborough v. 

Hill.slmrough tp. 

Hillsborough p.h. 

Hillsborough p.v. 

Hillsborough  ...„...li. 

Hillsborough tp. 

Hillsborough  p.v. 

Hillsboro'  Bridge  ~p.v. 
HilUboro'  Centre  ...p.h. 
Hillsboro'L'pperVil.p.b. 
Hillsdale  ..........,,,v. 

Hillsdale- p.h. 

Hillsdale  ....... .„...p.v. 

Hillsdale ..-..p.v. 

Hillsdale c. 

Hillsdale -.tp. 

Hillsdale tp. 

Hillsdale — .tp. 

Hillsdale p.v. 

Hillsdale ......h. 

Hillsdale p.v. 

Hill's  Ferry -.p.v. 

Hill's  Grove -..p.h. 

Hillsgrove ......tp. 

Hillsgrove p.v. 

Hill's  Grove -.p.v, 

Uillsville .p.v. 


Cosnty. 


Muskingum... 

Adams 

Chester- 

Clarion 

Dauphin 

Elk 

Luzorno 

Greenville 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Orange 

Orange 

Lake 

Monmouth..... 

Macon 

Doniphan 

Baltimore 

Columbiana... 

Lewis 

Decatur. 

Ness 

Slonitean.-.-. 

Guilford 

Guilford 

Leavenworth. 

Webster. 

Kutherford.... 

Dauphin 

Forsyth 

Caswell 

Mercer 

Cottonwood... 

Calumet 

Merrimac 

Morriroac 

Montgomery.. 

Graham 

Knox 

Knox 

Gunnison...... 

Darke -.,. 

Franklin 

Uintah 

Butler 

Clinton 

Schuylkill 

Lawrence 

Union , 

Montgomery . 
Montgomery . 

Clinton 

Fountain...... 

Henry , 

Henry 

Marion.- 

Fleming....... 

Caroline 

Hillsborough., 
Hillsborough., 

Somerset 

Orange 

Orange 

Highland 

Washington.. 
Washington..,, 

Marion 

Coffee 

Loudoun 

Pocahontas..... 

Verr.»n.- 

Vernon 

HiUsbornugh., 
Hillsborough.. 
HilUborongb.. 
Washington.., 
llock  Island... 

Mills 

Miami 

Hillsdale 

Hillsdale 

Winona. 

Columbia 

Columbia....... 

Northumberland.! 

Iron 

Stanislaus 

McDonough... 

Sullivan 

Sullivan 

Kent 

Lawrence 


State. 


Ohio- 
Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa-.... 
Pa...., 

Pa 

S.O.,., 
Wis..., 
Wis.., 
N.  Y... 
N.  Y... 

Ill 

N.J. 
N.O- 
Kan  . 
Md .... 
Ohio.. 
N.  Y.. 
Iowa.. 
Kan„. 
Mo...., 
N.  C„, 
N.  C... 

Kan 

Mo 

N.C.... 

Pa 

Ga 

N.  C... 

N.  J 

Minn  -, 

Wis 

N.  H 

N.  H 

N.  C 

Kan 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Col 

Ohio 

Ohio..., 

Wy 

Pa 

Ind 

Pa 

Ala , 

Ark. 

III 

Ill 

lud 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa..- 

Kan 

Ky 

Md 

N.  H 

N.  H 

N.  J 

N.C_... 
N.C...- 

Ohio 

Oregon. 

Pa 

S.C 

Tenn  .„ 

Va 

W,  Va„ 

Wis. 

Wis. 

N.  H.,.. 
N.  H.... 
N.  H..- 
D.  C — 

111 -. 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn.- 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Pa. 

Utah..- 

Cal 

Ill 

Pa. 

Pa 

R.  I 

Pa. 


312 


I  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1«70  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


IIIlI»Tine — P.T. 

HllUown T. 

Ililltown. p.tp. 

Uillyard tp. 

Hilton tp. 

Hilton V. 

Hilton p.v. 

Hilton  Head p.tp. 

Himrod's p.v. 

Hinckley p.v. 

Iflnckley pint. 

Hinckley p.tp. 

Hinckley p.tp. 

Hindostan h. 

Hinesborough p.h. 

Uinesburg tp. 

Hinesburg p.v. 

HiuesvlUe v. 

Bingham p.tp. 

Ilinkleton p.v. 

Hinkleville p.h. 

Hinkloville p.h. 

Hinkleyville h. 

Hininansville p.v, 

Hinsdale p.v. 

Hinsdale p.tp. 

HinsdfUe tp. 

Hinsdale p.v. 

Uinsdalo.- tp. 

Hinsdale p.v. 

Hinsdale v. 

Hinton tp. 

Hinton p.v. 

Hiram p.tp. 

Hiram  > tp. 

Hiram p.v. 

Hiramsburg p.h. 

Hire tp. 

Hiserille p.v. 

Hittle tp. 

Hiwussee tp. 

Hixon: tp, 

Hixton p.tp. 

Hoagland p.h. 

Hoaglin tp. 

Hobart tp. 

Robart  _ p.v. 

Hobart p.tp. 

Hobart tp. 

Hobart p.v. 

Hobble p.h. 

Hobbs p.h. 

Hoboken.„ c. 

fioboken v, 

Hocking tp. 

Hockingport p,v. 

Hockley p.v. 

Hodgdon p.tp. 

Bodgensville p.v. 

Hodges  „ tp. 

Hodges p.v. 

Hodge's  Park p. v. 

Hoff tp. 

Hoffman's  Hollow. v, 

Hoflmansville h. 

Uogan tp. 

Hogansburg p.v. 

Hoganville p.v. 

Hogback tp. 

Ilogestown p.v. 

Bog  Island- isl. 

Bohokus p.tp. 

Hokah tp. 

Uokah p.v. 

Bolbrook.. p.tp. 

Holbrook p.v. 

Holcomb p.h. 

golden p.tp. 

»>Wen p.tp, 

mUen p.tp. 

Molden p.v, 

„  Iden tp. 

Jsoldon p.v. 

Holder p.h. 

lloldcrncss p.tp. 

HolUing tp, 

"o'sati? p.v. 

Holiday's  Cove p.h. 

Ilollatul tp. 

Ilolliind p.v. 

Holland p,v. 


County. 


Carroll 

St.  Franyoia-., 

Bucks 

Macoupin 

Iowa 

Blue  Earth.... 

Essex  » 

Beaufort 

Yates 

De  Kalb 

Washington... 

Pine 

Medina. 

Monroe 

Douglas 

Chittenden.... 
Chittenden.... 

Liberty 

Plymouth 

Lancaster  „.... 

Billiard 

Upshur 

Monroe.- 

Oswego 

Du  Page 

Berkshire-..,. 

Cheshire 

Cheshire 

Cattaraugus-. 
Cattaraugus.. 

Queens 

Mecosta. 

Summers 

Oxford „... 

Portage- 

Portage 

Nol.le 

McDonough-. 

Barren 

Tazewell 

Clay 

Clark 

Jackson 

Allen 

Van  Wert 

Lake 

Lake 

Books 

Otter  Tail 

Delaware 

Luzerne 

Tipton  

Hudson 

Alleghany 

Fairfield 

Athens 

Harris 

Aroostook 

La  Rue 

Stevens 

Abbeville 

Alexander 

Pope 

Alleghany 

Lehigh 

Dearborn 

Franklin 

Troup 

Transylvania . 
Cumberland-. 
Cumberland-. 

Bergon 

Houston 

Houston 

Norfolk 

Suifolk 

Ogle 

Penobscot-.... 

Worcester 

Goodhue 

Johnson 

Pender 

Millard- 

McLean 

Grafton.- 

Stearns , 

Henry , 

Hancock 

Shelby , 

Dubois 

Grundy-.......- 


State. 


Va.. 

Mo.. 
Pa.. 
Ill- 
Iowa.... 
Minn 
N.  J.. 
S.C... 
N.Y., 

111 

Me.... 
Minn ... 
Ohio... 
Ind.... 

Ill 

Vt 

Vt 

Ga 

Mass... 

Pa 

Ky 

W.  Va. 
N.  Y„. 
N.  Y„. 

Ill 

Mass... 
If.  II. . 
N.  II.. 
N.  Y„. 
N.  Y... 
N.  Y... 
Mich.. 
W.Vtt, 
Me.... 
Ohio... 
Ohio-. 
Ohio-. 
111-.... 

Ky 

Ill 

N.  C... 
Wis.... 
Wis.... 
Ind.... 
Ohio... 
Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Kan-. 
Minn . 
N.  Y-. 

Pa 

Ind.... 
N.J... 

Pa 

Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Tex.„. 
Me .... 

Ky 

Minn  . 
S.C... 

Ill 

Minn. 
Md .... 

Pa 

Ind.... 
N.  Y-. 

Ga 

N.O.-. 

Pa 

Me 

N.  J-,. 
Minn ... 
Minn 


N.  Y- 

III 

Me.... 


Minn .. 

Mo 

N.O 

Utah... 

Ill 

N.  U„.. 
Minn .. 
Olilo..,. 
W.  Va.. 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa... 


Population. 


1870. 


268 
2',8G9 
"*663 


3,073 


1^73 
"4,422 


154 


1,695 
1,342 


1,491 
321 


1,393 
1,234 


1,186 


940 
418 


622 
1.037 


20,297 


2,005 


989 
404 


2,632 
513 
525 


758 
2,002 
1,199 
1,576 


2081 
'793 


1,352 


297 

116 

3,152 

1,123 

860 

133 

316 

2,513 

310 

368 

346 

142 

962 

36 

97 

1,3.30 

257 

162 

4,485 

183 

88 

58 

96 

152 

819 

1,595 

1,868 

1,351 

1,594 

300 

110 

986 

879 

1,452 

1,058 

144 

45 

1,295 

166 

921 

415 

600 

1,353 

99 

1,180 

1,050 

600 

301 

246 

390 

91 

39 

30,999 

317 

2,412 

191 

308 

l',089 

382 

306 

271 

280 

283 

203 

78 

912 

333 

400 

309 

163 

31 

2,920 

515 

961 

2,130 

201 

39 

717 

2,499 

1,183 

2,014 

959 

355 

39 

Wi 

603 

595 

37 

1,4(50 

199 

252 


Place. 


Holland , tp, 

Holland tp. 

Holland p.tp. 

Holland tp, 

Holland c, 

Holland p.tp. 

Holland p.tp. 

Holland p.h. 

Holland p.tpi 

Holland p.tp. 

Holland tp. 

Holland tp. 

Holland  Patent p.v. 

HoUandsburg p.h. 

Hollandville h. 

HoIIansburg p.v. 

Holleuback* tp. 

Hollenberg p.tp. 

Hollengsworth tp. 

Holley p.v. 

HoUiday p.v. 

Hollidaysbnrg p.h. 

HoUis tp. 

HoUis p.h. 

Hollis p.tp. 

HoUis - tp. 

Hollis „ p.v, 

Hollis  Centre p.h 

HoUister. tp. 

Ilollister p.v, 

Hullisterville p.v, 

Ilolliston p.tp. 

Hollow- tp, 

Holloway's p.tp. 

Hollowayville p.v. 

Hollow  Creek tp. 

Hollow  Poplar tp. 

Hollowville p.v. 

Holly tp. 

Holly p.v. 

Holly tp. 

Holly tp. 

Holly  Grove p.v. 

Holly  Grove tp. 

Holly  Hill p.h. 

Holly  Springs p.v. 

Holly  Springs .p.v. 

Hollywood p.v, 

Hollywood tp. 

Hollywood V. 

Holman tp. 

Holnmn  Station p.v. 

Holmdel p.tp. 

Holmes tp. 

Holmes tp. 

Holmes tp. 

Holmes  City p.v. 

Holmesville p.h, 

Holmesville p.v, 

Uolmwood p.tp. 

Holt p.tp. 

Holt tp. 

Holt p.v, 

Holton  _ p.v, 

Holton  - tp. 

Holton p.v, 

Holton tp. 

Holt's  Summit p.h. 

Holtsville... p.v, 

Holyoke ....c. 

Home tp. 

Home tp. 

Home p.tp. 

Homo  City v. 

Homer tp. 

Homer h. 

Homer p.v. 

Homer p.v. 

Homer v.. 

Homer.- tp. 

Homer p.h. 

Homer,- tp. 

Homer tp. 

Homer........ p.h. 

Homer p.v. 

Homer— tp. 

Homer.- p.v. 

Homec- tp. 

Homer.- tp. 

Homer. p.h. 

Homer tp. 


County. 


Sioux 

Dickinson- 

Hampden 

Ottawa 

Ottawa 

Hunterdon 

Erie 

Lucas 

Orleans 

Brown 

La  Crosse 

Sheboygan 

Oneida 

Parke 

York 

Darke 

Luzerne 

Washington. 

Montgomery 

Oilcans 

Monroe- 

Blair. 

Peoria 

Peoria 

York 

Hillsborough 

Hillsborough 

York 

San  Benito 

San  Benito 

Waj-ne 

Middlesex 

Bladen 

Person 

Bureau 

Lexington 

Mitchell 

Columbia 

Oakland 

Oakland 

Murray 

Pender 

Monroe 

Gates - 

Volusia 

Dallas 

Marshall^ 

Clarke 

Carver 

Luzerne 

Osceola. 

Scott 

Monmouth 

Mackinac 

Menominee.- 

Crawford 

Douglas 

Pike 

Holmes 

Jewell 

Ta.vlor 

Fillmore 

Clay 

Kipley 

Muskegon 

Muskegon 

Marathon 

Callaway 

Suffolk 

Hampden . ......... 

Nemaha 

Montcalm 

Brown 

Hamilton— 

Mono 

Mono 

Banks 

Champaign 

La  Salle 

Will 

Rush 

Benton 

Buchanan 

Hamilton.- 

Claiborne 

Calhoun 

Calhoun 

Midland 

Winona. , 

Winona. , 

Bates 


State. 


Iowa... 
Kan-.. 
Mass... 
Mich.., 
Mich.., 
N.  J.-. 
N.  Y-. 
Ohio-.. 

Vt 

WU 

Wis 

WI« 

N.  Y-. 

Ind 

Me 

Ohio..., 

Pa 

Kan  „.. 

N.  C 

N.  Y-., 

Mo 

Pa 

Ill , 

111 

Me 

N.H.., 
N.H.. 

Me 

Cal 

Cal 

Pa 

Mass.., 
N.  C... 
N.  C-. 

Ill 

S.C 

N.C.„. 
N.  Y... 
Mich.., 
Mich.., 
Minn . 
N.  C„., 
Ark.-. 
N.  C... 
Fla ...., 

Ark 

Miss-., 
Ark.-. 
Minn ., 

Pa 

Iowa... 

Ind 

N.  J 

Mich... 
Mich... 
Ohio-.. 
Minn .. 
Miss-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Kan.... 
Iowa... 
Minn  - 

Mo. 

Ind 

Mich... 
Mich... 

Wis 

Mo 

N.  Y-.. 
Mass... 
Kan  -.. 
Mich... 
Minn  .. 
Ohio.... 

Cal 

Cal 

Ga 

Ill 

HI 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 

La 

Mich... 
Mich... 
Mich... 
Minn .. 
Minn  .. 
Mo 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


344 
2,353 
2,319 

"i',451 


881 
1,279 

819 
2,701 

320 


239 
1,303 


2,952 

980 


1,541 
1,079 


3,073 
1,243 
1,279 


1,315 

382 


2,437 
1,429 


1,016 
T,2i3 


2,406 

""534 


125 

1,415 

938 


1,572 
452 


299 


784 


10,7;« 
719 
173 
779 


120 
767 


1.279 


1.575 
685 
247 
837 


1,028 

34(7 

302 

3,064 

2,6-JO 

1,886 

1,720 

96 

913 

1,448 

874 

3,012 

401 

48 

93 

246 

736 

886 

495 

1,018 

116 

3,150 

1,160 

48 

1,642 

1,077 

140 

48 

3>200 

1,0S4 

169 

3,098 

1,313 

1,653 

111 

1,254 

749 

132 

2,39:1 

1,443 

255 

1,189 

161 

1,541 

34 

113 

2,370 

138 

900 

260 

831 

110 

1,676 

910 

158 

1,660 

582 

89 

344 

698 

968 

90t 

162 

366 

892 

160 

490 

23 

138 

21,915 

96.t 

1,982 

1,060 

422 

350 

88 

140 

924 

168 

96 
843 

807 

87 

718 

1,908 

893 

601 

£60 

64 

842 


21 


I  Since  1870,  area  ndaced. 


t  Since  1870,  area -much  reduced. 


313. 


i»UFULATION  OP  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PUc«. 


Homer—..... M~.tp. 

Homor... p.T. 

Homer »..p.r. 

Homer... tp. 

Homer... tp.  1 

Homer... tp. 

Homer._ p.r. 

Homer  City p.r. 

Homerrillo ......p.v. 

Ilomeatead p.r. 

Uomeetead «....tp. 

Homestead... r. 

Homestead p.tp. 

Homestead. ........„p.T. 

Honiesteadville  ...~h. 

HomcsTille r. 

Bomewood „.p.T. 

Homowood.. „.p.r. 

Homoworth p.r. 

Homowack p.r. 

Honea  Path tp. 

Honea  Path p.r. 

Honeoye p.r. 

Honeoye  Falls p.r. 

Houesdale p.b. 

Honey  Brook p.tp. 

Honey  Creek tp. 

Honey  Creek tp. 

Honey  Creek p.r. 

Honey  Creek tp. 

Honey  Creek tp. 

Honey  Creek tp. 

•Honey  Creek tp. 

•Honey  Creek tp. 

Honi-y  Creek tp. 

Honey  Creek tp. 

'Honey  Creek p.h. 

Houfycutt'g tp. 

Honey  Grore p.r. 

Honey  Point tp. 

Ilonner tp. 

Hoolcer' tp. 

Hookcrston^ tp. 

HoolierstoD p.r. 

Hookset tp. 

Hookset p.r. 

Book's  Point p.h. 

Hookstown p.r. 

'-nooper_ p.r. 

4Iooper p.r. 

Hooper's  Creek  „...tp. 

•Hooperville r. 

Hoi^eston p.r. 

Uooslc p.tp. 

Hoosic  Falls p.r. 

Hoosier tp. 

Hoosier  Prairie tp. 

Hoorer p.h. 

Hoover  City h. 

Hope p.r. 

Hope tp. 

Hope p.r. 

Hopo tp. 

Hope p.tp. 

Itope tp. 

Hope p.tp. 

Hope tp. 

Hope tp. 

Hope p.r. 

Hope .p.tp, 

Hope p.r. 

Uope ^....tp. 

Bopedale „tp. 

Hopedale p.r. 

Bopedale p.r. 

Bopedale p.r. 

Hopeficld p.r. 

Uopeton... h. 

Hope  Valley p.r. 

Bopeville - r. 

Hopeville........ p.r. 

Hopewell tp. 

Hopewell tp. 

Bujiewell tp. 

Hoiiewell p.r. 

Hopewell p.tp. 

Hopewell tp. 

Hopewell tp. 

Hopewell tp. 

Hopewell p.h. 

Hopewell »». tp. 


County. 


Oortltnd 

Cortland 

Licking.. 

Medina. 

Morgan 

Potter 

Anj^lina 

Indiana 

Clinch 

Iowa 

Barton 

Baltimore.. 

Benzie 

Alleghany 

Camden 

Schuylkill 

Cook 

Beaver 

Columbiana 

Ulster , 

Anderson 

Anderson 

Ontario 

Monroe , 

Wayne 

Chester 

Adams 

Crawford , 

Henry 

Howard , 

Vigo 

White 

Delaware 

Iowa 

Henry , 

Sauk 

Walworth . 

Samp8on 

Fannin 

Macoupin , 

Redwood 

Laclede 

Greene 

Greene 

Merrimac. 

Merrimoc 

Hamilton 

Beaver , 

Dodge 

Weber. 

Henderson 

Fulton , 

Vermilion 

Kensselaer 

Ilensselaer 

Kingman 

Clay 

Cass 

Meagher 

Uem|>8tead 

La  Salle 

Bartholomew.., 

Dickinson 

Knox 

Barry 

Midland 

Lincoln 

Warren 

Warren 

Hamilton 

Providence 

Williamsburg.. 

Tazewell , 

Taeewell 

Worcester- 

Harrison 

Crittenden 

Ross 

Washington ... 
New  London .., 

Clarke 

Marshall 

Cumberland.... 

Mercer„ 

Mercer... 

Ontario , 

Licking 

Mercer 

Muskingum..., 
Muskingum.... 
Perry 


8tat«. 


N.T... 

N.Y-, 

Ohio.., 

Ohio„, 

Ohio. 

Pa..... 

Tex-. 

Pa-..., 

Oa..... 

Iowa. 

Kan.. 

Md.... 

Mich.... 

Pa.... 

N.J 

Pa.... 

III.... 

Pa.... 

Ohio 

N.Y, 

S.  C, 

S.C.. 

N.Y, 

N.Y 

Pa.... 

Pa.... 

III.... 

111.... 

Ind.. 

Ind.. 

Ind.. 

Ind., 

Iowa.... 

Iowa..., 

Mo 

Wis 

Wis 

N.  C-... 

Tex 

III 

Minn 
Mo... 
N.  C„ 
N.C.. 
N.  H.. 
N.  II. 
Iowa. 

Pa 

Neb... 
Utah. 
N.  C. 

Ga 

Ill 

N.  Y 

N.Y_ 
Kan- 

III 

Ind... 
Mon.. 
Ark.„, 

111 , 

Ind..., 

Kan.. 

Me.... 

Mich.... 

Minn. 

Minn. 

N.  J ... 

N.  J ... 

N.  Y„. 

R.  I... 

S.C...., 

Ill 

Ill 

MiUis... 
Olilo... 
Ark.„. 
Ohio... 
R.  I.-. 
Conn.. 
Iowa.. 
111-...., 
N.J-. 
N.  J ... 
N.  J-. 
N.  Y-., 
Ohio-., 
Ohio-., 
Ohio-., 
Ohio-., 
Ohio.... 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


3,81.3 
2,008 
226 
880 
1,090 
160 
216 


1,926 


921 
2,654 
1,957 
1,495 
1,868 

215 

732 
1,519 

611 
1,' 
1,081 


1,180 


1,283 
382 


1,114 

1,286 

103 

1,330 


259 


765 
"6,728 


1,179 


1,4.57 
765 


907 
1,143 


1,542 
"698 


1,591 
1,096 


753 
1,8.57 
4,276 


1,863 

1,009 

894 

1,763 


1,260 


8,691 

2,3;il 

290 

863 

1,693 

189 

244 

381 

201 

252 

650 

900 

208 

692 

72 

199 

313 

267 

233 

209 

2,320 

2-i8 

331 

1,098 

2,620 

1,849 

1,412 

2,264 

176 

1,110 

1,455 

904 

970 

1,078 

480 

1,248 

56 

1,691 

884 

942 

96 

889 

1,470 

179 

1,706 

91G 

60 

308 

204 

849 

956 

100 

1,272 

7,914 

4,530 

379 

1,136 

45 

33 

1,2.33 

1,2.35 

835 

647 

830 

1,302 

455 

169 

1,569 

239 

651 

6;i9 

2,326 

1,354 

362 

399 

414 

160 

27 

760 

123 

176 

705 

1,764 

4,462 

415 

1,894 

1,062 

1,186 

1,074 

95 

1,284 


Place. 


Hopewell tp. 

Hopewell tp. 

Hopewell tp. 

Hopewell b. 

Hopewell tp. 

Hopewell tp. 

Hopewell tp. 

Hopewell' tp. 

Hopewell tp. 

Hopewell tp. 

Hopkins... tp. 

Hopkins... h. 

Hopkins p.tp. 

Hopkins tp. 

Hopkins p.r. 

HopkinsviUe c. 

Hopkinsrille p.h. 

Hopki  nton p.v. 

HopkintOD p.tp, 

Hopkinton -.tp. 

Hopkinton p.r. 

Hopkinton tp. 

Hopkinton ~.p.r. 

Hopkinton tp. 

Hopkinton p.h. 

HoppenvlUe p.h. 

Horatio p.h. 

Hord p.h. 

Horicon p.tp. 

Horicon p.r. 

Hornby tp. 

Hornby p.h. 

HorneIlsville...»....tp. 

HornellsviUe p.r. 

Hornitas p.v. 

Horntowii p.r. 

Horse  Care p.v. 

Horse  Creek p.tp. 

Horseheads tp. 

Horseheads p.r. 

Hoisham P-tp. 

Hortense..... ....p.r. 

Horton p.h. 

Horton tp. 

Horton , tp. 

Horton tp. 

Hortonia tp. 

Hortonville p.r. 

Hosensack p.r. 

Hosklnsrille p.h. 

Hosper p.h. 

Hotel tp. 

Hot  House tp. 

Hot  Spring tp. 

Hot  Springs p.r. 

Hot  Springs tp. 

Hot  Springs h. 

HotSulphur  Sp'ngs.p.r 

Houcktown p.r. 

Houghton tp. 

Houghton p.r. 

HougliviUe r. 

Iloulton tp. 

Iloulton p.r. 

Houma p.r. 

Hounsfield.- tp. 

Housa  tonic p.r. 

House's  Creek tp. 

House's  Springs p.h. 

Houston p.r. 

Houston tp. 

Houston tp. 

Houston tp. 

Houston p.r. 

Houston p.v. 

Houston p.v. 

Houston p.h. 

Houston c. 

Houston  Factory...r. 

Houstonia p.tp. 

Houtzdale p.b. 

Horey tp. 

Howard p.h. 

Howard «...tp. 

Howard tp. 

Howard p.h. 

Howard tp. 

Howard tp. 

Howard tp. 

Howard..... tp. 

Howard  ....^ .-tp. 


Coanty. 


Seneca  

Bearer 

Bedford 

Chester 

Cumberland... 
Huntingdon ... 
Washington  ... 

York 

Aiken 

Anderson 

Whiteside 

Whiteside 

Allegan 

Nodaway 

Nodaway 

Christian 

Warren 

Delaware 

Middlesex 

Merrimac 

Merrimac 

St.  Lawrence.. 
St.  Lawrence., 
Washington.., 
Washington ... 
Montgomery.. 

Darke 

Clay 

Warren 

Dodge 

Steuben 

Steuben 

Steuben 

Steuben 

Mariposa 

Accomack 

Hart 

Ashe 

Chemung 

Chemnng 

Montgomery  .. 

Chaffee 

Bremer. 

Osceola. 

Stevens 

Elk 

Outagamie 

Outagamie 

Lehigh 

Noble 

Sioux 

Surry 

Cherokee 

Modoc 

Garland 

Napa 

Placer. 

Grand 

Hancock 

Keweenaw 

Houghton 

Bucks 

Aroostook 

Aroostook 

Terre  Bonne... 

Jefferson 

Berkshire 

Wake 

Jefferson 

Winston 

Adams 

Smith 

Houston 

Houston 

Chickasaw 

Texas - 

Shelby 

Harris 

Houston 

Pettis 

Clearfield 

Armstrong 

Champaign 

Howard -.. 

Parke 

Parke 

Washington-.. 

Howard 

Story- 

Tama- 

Wayne......>.... 


8Ut«. 


Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

8.  C 

8.0.-... 

Ill 

Ill 

Mich.... 

Mo 

Mo 

Ky 

Ohio-... 
Iowa.... 

Mass 

N.  H.... 
N.  H.... 
N.  Y-.., 
N.  Y„... 

B.  I 

B.  I 

Pa 

Ohio 

Ill 

N.  Y 

Wis 

N.Y 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.Y 

Cal 

Va 

Ky 

N.  C 

N.Y 

N.Y 

Pa 

Col 

Iowa.... 
Iowa..., 
Minn... 

Pa 

Wis 

Wis 

Pa 

Ohio 

Iowa.... 

N.  C 

N.  C-... 

Cal 

Ark.-... 

Cal 

Cal 

Col 

Ohio 

Mich..- 
Mich..- 

Pa 

Me 

Me 

La 

N.  Y 

Mass. ... 
N.  C-... 

Mo 

Ala 

Ill 

Knn 

Minn... 
Minn ... 

Miss 

Mo 

Ohio 

Tex 

Ga 

Mo 

Pa 

Pa. 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa. ... 
Iowa.... 


3-14 


>  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETUKNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPAKED. 


I 


Place. 


Connty. 


State. 


Population. 


1870.       1880, 


Place. 


County. 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Ho\rard tp. 


Hownrd... 
Uownrd .... 
Howard .... 
Howard .... 
Howard  ....< 
Howard .... 
Howard  ...> 
Howard ..... 
Howard ..... 
Howard .... 

goward .... 
oward ...., 


,p.r. 

tp. 

tp. 

tp. 

V-f- 

tp. 

tp. 

tp. 

P.h. 

P-tp. 

tp. 

Pl>. 


I 


Howard tp. 

Howard  Centre p.T. 

UoWHrd  City p.v. 

Howard  Crceic tp. 

Howardsville p.h. 

Howardsville p.T. 

Howe tp. 

Howe tp. 

Howe » tp. 

Howell tp. 

Howell p.T. 

Howell tp. 

Howell tp. 

Howell's  Pepot p.T. 

Howell's  Mills p.h. 

Howellsviile p.tp. 

Bowellville t. 

Howland p.tp. 

Howlaud tp. 

Howland  Flat p.T. 

Hoyleton p.T. 

Hoytville p.h. 

Hoytville p.T. 

Hubbard tp. 

Hubbard p.T. 

Hubbard. p.T. 

Hubbard tp. 

Hnbbardston  .„ p.tp, 

UttbbardsTille p.T. 

Hubbardton p.tp, 

Hubble tp. 

Hublersburg p.T. 

Hnbley tp. 

Hudson tp. 

Hudson p.T. 

Hudson tp. 
udson h. 
ndson p.T. 
udson p.h. 

1  lIudBon tp. 

Hudson p.T. 

Hudson „....p.tp, 

Hudson ....tp. 

Hudson tp. 

Hudson p.T. 

Hudson ptp. 

Hudson p.tp. 

Hudson tp. 

Hudson p.tp. 

Hudson c. 

Hudson p.tp. 

Hudson tp. 

Hudson p.b. 

HudsonvlUe p.h. 

Huenenie...„ tp. 

Hueneme- p.T. 

Huff tp. 

Hugging tp. 

Hughes p.tp, 

Hughes  Springs p.h. 

Huglicstown b. 

Ilngliesvillo p.tp, 

Hughesville p.b. 

Hugheouville  - p.T. 

Hugo p.v. 

Huiets tp. 

Hull p!h. 

I  Hull.- p.tp, 

Hull tp 

PHulU tp. 

■  Hulmevllle p.v. 

Hunuuisville p.T, 

Humhird p.v. 

Humboldt tp. 

Humboldt p.T, 

HuniboUit tp. 

Humboldt p.b, 

Humboldt p.T. 


Elk_ 

Elk ..., 

Labette 

riscataquis 

Cass 

Wright 

Bates 

Gentry 

Steuben 

Steuben 

Knox 

Centre 

Centre « 

Brown 

Ilowanl 

Montcalm- 

Lincoln 

San  Juan.-.....». 

Albemarle 

Forest 

Perry 

Oconto 

Livingston 

Livingston 

Howell 

Monmouth 

Orange 

Fnlton 

Bobeson 

Chester 

Penobscot 

Trumbull 

Sierra 

Washington 

Eaton 

Wood 

Trumbull- 

Trumbull 

Marlon 

Dodge 

Worcester. 

Madison 

Bntland 

Cape  Girardeau., 

Centre 

Schuylkill 

McLean 

McLean .., 

1j&  Porte 

La  Porte 

Steuben 

Black  Hawk 

Penobscot « 

Penobscot .., 

Middlesex- 

Charlevoix 

Lenawee 

Lenawee 

Douglas 

Bates - 

Macon 

Hillsborough 

Columbia- 

Summit 

St.  Croix 

St.  Croix 

Breckenridgo.-.. 

Ventura 

Ventura 

Spencer „... 

Gentry 

Nodaway.- 


Luzerne , 

Pettis- 

Lycoming-.... 

Dutchess ., 

Elbert. .....~,., 

Edgefield-.... 

Pike 

Plymouth  — .. 

Marathon , 

Portage  _...... 

Bucks 

Polk 

Clark 

Humboldt 

Humboldt..... 

Allen 

Allen 

Bichardson... 


Kan 

Kan-., 
Kan..., 

Me 

Mich.... 
Minn.... 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.Y 

Ohio 

Pa 

Ta 

Wis 

Iowa.... 
Mich.... 
N.C.-... 

Col 

Va- 

Pa 

Pa 

Wig 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Mo 

N.J 

N.  Y 

Ga 

N.C-.... 

Pa 

Me 

Ohio 

Cal 

Ill 

Mich.... 
Ohio..... 
Ohio..... 

Ohio 

Oregon . 
Wis.... 
Mass— 
N.  Y... 
Vt-.... 

Mo 

Pa 

Pa 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Iowa.. 

Me 

Me..... 
Mass.. 
Mich.. 
Mich.. 
Mich.. 
Minn . 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  H... 
N.  Y-. 
Ohio... 
Wis.... 
Wig.... 

Ky 

ChI  .... 
Cal.... 
Ind.... 

Mo 

Mo 

Tex.... 

Pa 

Mo 

Pa-.... 
N.Y... 
Col .... 
S.  C... 

Ill 

Slagg .. 
Wig.... 
Wig.... 

Pa 

JIo. ... 
Wis.... 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Kan  — 
Kan  — 
Neb.-. 


173 
1,171 


1,310 
2,122 
167 
800 
875 
334 
1,158 
294 


83 

78 

410 


2,663 


076 
3,371 


1,023 


176 
664 


4,688 
1,126 


3,008 

1,C54 

117 

600 

1,C89 


647 
1,302 


4,094 

2,459 

448 


1,376 
1,060 
8,615 
1,620 
455 
1,748 


1,569 
1,112 
1,420 


456 


2,556 

"261 

""621 


334 

335 

2,035 

1,202 


1,096 

683 

752 

267 

975 

477 

515 

1,671 

2,131 

fO 

983 

047 

498 

1,171 

692 

924 

1,986 

60 

121 

382 

398 

178 

3,250 

2,071 

1,674 

3,374 

156 

60 

1,240 

114 

137 

762 

218 

812 

68 

218 

6,102 

1,611 

141 

3,249 

1,386 

129 

633 

1,079 

170 

740 

1,308 

276 

649 

62 

316 

62 

659 

124 

3,739 

148 

3,782 

2,2r)4 

4.^2 

1,4:54 

1,189 

1,(»45 

8,670 

1,817 

6G5 

2,298 

20 

1,130 

166 

1,653 

1,179 

2,565 

69 

1,192 

1,.'J53 

890 

682 

140 

2,376 

95 

383 

720 

1,044 

376 

328 

288 

666 

606 

2,528 

1,642 

917 


Humboldt ......p.T. 

Uuml>oldt tp. 

Humboldt  Park p.T. 

Humbolt tp. 

Humlx)lt.- p.T. 

Humbug tp. 

Hume p.T. 

Hume tp. 

Hume tp. 

Hume p  tp 

Hummelstown p.b. 

Humphrey p.tp. 

Hungerford tp. 

Hunlock tp. 

Hun  newel  1 p.v. 

Hunnewell.- p.T. 

Hunter... tp. 

Hunter tp. 

Hunter tp. 

Hunter p.T. 

Hunter. tp. 

Hunter's  Land p.T. 

Hunter's  Mill- tp. 

Hunterstown.- p.T. 

HuntersTille T. 

Huntersville t. 

Huntertown p.T. 

Iluntingburg  - p.T. 

Huntingdale p.h. 

Huntingdon p.b. 

Huntingdon p.T. 

Huntingdon  Valley.p.T. 
Hunting  Quarter-.tp. 

Huntington p.tp. 

Huntington tp. 

Huntington p.b. 

Huntington t. 

Huntington tp. 

Huntington p.T. 

Huntington  t  _ tp. 

Huntington p.T. 

Huntington tp. 

Hunt  ingtou tp. 

Huntington p.tp. 

Huntington tp. 

Huntington tp. 

Huntington  3- tp. 

Huntington tp. 

Hu  nti  ngton p.T. 

Huntington p.T. 

Huntley  Grove p.T. 

Huntsburg p.tp. 

Hunt's  Station p.h. 

Huntsvillo ;.c. 

HuntsTille p.T. 

Huntsville tp. 

Huntsville p.T. 

Huntsville T. 

Huntsville t. 

Huntsville tp. 

Huntsville p.T. 

Huntsville* tp. 

HuiitsviUe p.b. 

Huntsville p.T. 

Huntsville h. 

Huntsville p.h. 

Huntsville p.T. 

Huntsville p.T. 

Huntsville p.h. 

Hurdland...- p.T. 

Hurffville p.T. 

Hurlburt- «...tp. 

Hurley p.tp. 

H  uron. p.v. 

Huron.- p.T. 

Hnron -p.tp. 

Huron tp. 

Huron tp. 

Huron p.tp. 

H  uron tp. 

Huron p.T. 

Huron  City p.h. 

Huriicane tp. 

Hurricane  *- tp. 

Hurricane tp. 

Hurricane  Bridge..p.h. 

Hurricane  Isle tp. 

Hustlmrg p.h. 

Hustisford tp. 

Hustisford p.T. 

Huston tp. 


Gibson 

Brown 

Cook 

Coles 

Coles ; 

Siskiyou 

Edgar 

Whiteside 

Huron 

Alleghany 

Dauphin 

Cattaraugus.... 
Plymouth....... 

Luzerne 

Greennp 

Shelby 

Edgar... 

Jackson- 

Greene 

Greene 

Lanrens 

Schoharie 

Gates 

Adams 

Franklin 

Miami 

Allen 

Dubois 

Henry 

Huntingdon... 

Carroll 

Montgomery ., 

Carteret 

Fairfield 

Huntington-., 
Huntington  — 

Bnllimore 

Hampshire 

Hampshire 

Suffolk 

Suffolk ..- 

Brown 

Gallia. — . 

Lorain 

Ross..... 

Adams 

Luzerne 

Chittenden 

Chittenden 

Cabell 

McHenry.- 

Geauga.-... .».. 
Franklin........ 

Madison 

Madison 

Schuyler........ 

Schuyler........ 

Madison 

Randolph 

Polk 

Randolph 

Rockingham... 

Yadkin 

Logan 

Cumberland-.. 

Luzerne 

Scott 

Walker 

Columbia- 

Knox 

Gloucester 

Logan 

Ulster 

Beadle 

Lawrence-...., 

Des  Moines 

Huron 

Wayne , 

Wayne 

Erie 

Erie , 

Huron 

Fayette  - 

Lincoln- 

Pickens 

Putnam- 

Knox 

Humphrey 

Dodge 

Dodge 

Blair. 


Tenn ... 

Wig 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Cul 

Ill 

Ill 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

Pa 

N.  Y 

Iowa..., 

Pa 

Ky 

Mo 

Ill 

Minn ... 

N.  Y 

N.Y 

S.  C 

N.  Y 

N.  C 

Pa 

Ind 

Ohio 

Ind 

Ind 

Mo 

Pa 

Teun... 

Pa 

N.  C 

Conn... 

Ind 

Ind 

Md 

Mass ... 
Mass.... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y-.. 

Ohio 

Ohio-.. 
Ohio—. 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa. 

Vt 

Vt 

W.  Va- 
in  

Ohio-.. 
Tenn.... 

Ala 

Ark.-... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Minn  ... 

Mo 

N.  C.-... 
N.C._... 
Ohio-... 

Pa 

Pa 

Tenn  ... 

Tex 

Wash ... 

Mo 

N.  J.-.. 

Ill 

N.  Y-.. 

Dak 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.- 
N.  Y-.. 
Ohio-.. 

Ohio 

Mich... 

HI 

Mo 

S.C 

W.  Va.. 

Me 

Tenn  „. 

Wig 

Wig 

Pa. 


736 
"'251 


676 
475 

1,920 
837 

1,006 


327 
1,029 


1,624 
"2i657 


1,461 
200 


3,034 
609 


945 
1,627 
4,449 
2,925 


1,156 


10,704 
2,433 
3,(J20 
1,009 

834 
2,.3«7 
1,696 
1,847 

864 


4,907 

224 

1,228 


85 
1,699 


476 
2,987 


807 

403 

1,263 

2,000 

1,483 

697 


1.3.^3 
3,712 
1,089 


1,696 
T,3SP 


1,672 

1,0C(» 

65rt 

1,719 

237 

182 

179 

633 

938 

1,905 

1,043 

997 

473 

75S» 

387 

424 

1,190 

80 

1,882 

481 

4,867 

172 

1,641 

188 

122 

223 

226 

781 

66 

4,125 

646 

164 

1,0C9 

2,499 

6,475 

3,803 

1,395 

1,236 

714 

8,098 

2,952 

8,085 

1,7.18 

707 

2,400 

1,042 

1,590 

808 

384 

3,174 

605 

810 

fi9 

4,977 

312 

1,192 

100 

177 

153 

724 

1.527 

1,297 

92 

429 

84 

88 

116 

2,530 

21 

108 

189 

668 

2,521 

1C4 

153 

865 

768 

2.019 

2,036 

1,910 

l,a38 

72 

2,827 

1,470 

07 

220 

83 

1,666 

488 


I 


»  Since  ISTO^area  reduced.  »  Since  1870,  mrea  lednced.  »  Since  1870.  area  redncet^ 


-    4  Sinco.1870,  are*  re<lucecL 
&I5 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


]InBton......«M -tp. 

Ilintton -tp. 

IluHtuiitown  .........p.h. 

Ilu»totivill« p.r. 

IIiMtoiiTilie .h. 

lliitchlru p.T. 

Ilutcliiriiou  ..........p.T. 

lliitoliitiaoii tp. 

Iliitc-liinson p.T. 

ItiilcliinaoD tp.  . 

IIiitKiiiTitle tp.' 

HutgutiTilto p.T. 

Ilution tp. 

Iluttuii  Valloy tp. 

Ilntton  Vitlley p.h. 

HyaiinU 

Uyaniils  IVrt. 
liynttstuwo..., 
IlyattHvlllei... 

llyuttvilU 

Ifydon 

Hyde  Park 

Hyde  I>iirk .... 

Hyde  Pnrk 

Hyde  Park-. .'tp. 

Hyde  Park.- p.r. 

Hyde  Park-. h. 

Hyde  Park.-.. p.T. 

Hyde  Park— tp. 

Hyde  Park.-.........p.T. 

Hydesvilla p.tp, 

UydeTille b. 

HyderillA „ b. 

Hyer'8  Cornera p.h. 

Hyndnian p.b. 

HyiidsTille ^...p.T. 

Hyrum ...-p.T. 

latan p.T. 

Iberia ~ „..p.h. 

Iberia p.v. 

Icard « tp. 

Ickcsburg.. „....p.T. 

Icouium ....p.h. 

Ida ....p.T. 

Ida tp. 

Ida p.T. 


Ooanty. 


.p.T, 
...p.T. 
...p.T. 
...p.T. 

...p.h. 

-.p.h. 

...p.tp 
...p.tp, 
-p.tp. 


.tp. 

.p.T. 
..p.T. 
,.p.T. 
..p.T. 
,.p.T. 
,.p.T. 
..p.T. 
..p.h. 
..p.T 


Ida 

Ida  Grove 

Idaho 

Idaho  City 

Idaho  Springs. 

Idaville 

Igo ~.. 

IJamsTille 

IJanisville 

Ilion 

Illiana —p.h, 

Illinl tp. 

Illiuois.... -tp. 

IlUnoig tp. 

Illinois -tp, 

Illiooig tp. 

Illinoia tp. 

Illinois  City p.b. 

Illiopoliiii  - tp. 

Illiopulig —p.T. 

Illyria „.p.tp. 

Ilwaco ,„-.p.h. 

Inilay -..p.tp. 

Inilay  City ....—p.T. 

Imogene - p.T. 

Indepeudenc« tp. 

Independence p.T. 

Independence tp. 

I  ndependence c. 

I  ndeiwndence tp. 

Independence tp. 

Independence p.T. 

Independence tp. 

I  ndependence t^r. 

Independence p.h. 

I  ndependence ...». .  tp. 

Independence tp. 

I  ndependence tp. 

Independence p.T. 

I  ndependence tp. 

Independence tp. 

Independence tp. 

independence  *-....tp. 

Independence tp. 

Independence tp. 


State. 


Pa. 

Pa- 

Pa- 

Ky 

!•«. 

Tex 

Kan-., 
Minn., 
Minn.. 
Wli.„. 

Ill 

111 

Ill , 

Mo..... 
Mo„... 
Mass. . 
Mnaa.. 
MU .... 
Md .... 
Ohio... 

Ky 

Ill 

MaM.. 


Oentr* 

Olearflehl 

Fnlton 

Iiincoln 

Washington- 

Dallas 

Reno 

HcLeod- , 

McLeod 

Shawano 

Crawford 

Crawford 

Coles.- 

Howell 

Howell. 

Ranutable 

Bnrn  stable 

Montgomery .... 

Prince  George's. 

Delaware 

Leslie 

Cook 

Norfolk 

Wabasha I  Minn 

Dutchess I  N.  Y-.. 

N.  T-.. 
.N.  Y„., 
Utah.., 

Vt 

Vt. 

Cal ...., 
Conn ., 
Mass.., 
Wis  -. 

Pa 

N.  T„. 
Utah.., 
Mo...... 

3Io , 

Ohio... 
N.  C„. 

Pa 

Iowa... 
Kan-. 
Mich.. 
Mleb.. 
Minn  . 
Iowa.., 
Ohio-. 
Idnho. 

Col 

Ind...., 
Cal .... 
Ind..... 
Md .... 
N.  Y-. 

Ill , 

III. 

HI , 

Kan- 
Kan-., 
Kan  -. 
Kan-. 

Ill , 

III 

Ill 

Iowa.., 
Wash., 
Mich... 
Mich... 
Iowa.., 

Ill 

Ind...., 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa.., 
Kan-., 
Kan  -.. 
Kan  -.. 

Ky 

La. , 

Mich.., 
Minn.. 

Mo 

Mo ..... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.J-.. 
N.  Y„.. 
Ohio-.. 


Popnlatlon. 


1870.      1880. 


803 
M7 


Dutchess. 

Queens 

Cache - 

Lamoille 

Lamoille 

Humboldt- 

Tolland 

Worcester- 

Dane -„ 

Bedford 

Schoharie 

Cache 

Platte 

Miller. 

Morrow 

Burke 

Perry , 

Appanoose 

Kepublic 

Monroe 

Monroe 

Douglas 

Ida 

Pike 

Boi»6 

Clear  Creek—., 

White 

Shasta  - , 

Wabash 

Frederick 

Herkimer , 

£<lgar 

Macon 

Jersey 

Nemaha 

Sedgwick—. ... 

IJush „... 

Sumner 

Bock  Island. ., 

Sangamon , 

Sangamon , 

Fayette 

Pacific 

Lapeer , 

Lapeer 

Fremont 

Saline 

Warren 

Appanoose 

Buchanan 

Jasper 

Montgomery .. 
Montgomery .. 

Osborne 

Kenton 

Tangipahoa-.. 

Oakland 

Hennepin 

Dunklin 

Jackson 

Macon 

Nodaway- 

Schuyler....... 

Warren.... 

Alleghany 

Cuyahoga 


1,851 


2,190 


3,044 

4,136 

380 

2,095 


343 
1,624 


175 
708 
129 


2.38 
929 


1,020 


224 
30 


2,876 


821 


1,829 
395 
851 


1,213 


648 
183 
1,030 
2,945 
8.34 
950 
436 


134 


1,586 

602 

747 

3,184 

1,120 

670 

1,115 

1,760 

1,175 

1,761 


892 

1,354 

66 

aw 

87 

116 

1,.M0 

1,368 

680 

280 

1,993 

418 

2,252 

030 

95 

1,260 

123 

140 

288 

05 

57 

15,710 

7,088 

423 

2,873 

715 

64 

433 

1,715 

.3;u 

r23 

89 

80 

03 

823 

129 

1,2.34 

117 

66 

228 

1,281 

247 

98 

120 

1,309 

122 

477 

759 

100 

672 

733 

326 

225 

122 

71 

3,711 

89 

1,232 

729 

654 

432 

504 

430 

02 

1,322 

080 

1,160 

85 

2,400 

071 

158 

1,058 

191 

707 

8,128 

1,070 

1,005 

2,915 

442 

105 

68 

1,380 

842 

1,578 

3,146 

1,098 

1,431 

1,496 

1,018 

1,186 

1,903 


Place. 


Independence p.T. 

Inde|>endence h. 

Inde|wndence T. 

Independence tp. 

Independence p.T. 

Inde|wndence tp. 

Independence h. 

Independence tp. 

Independence. -....p.T. 

lnde|)endenco p.T. 

Independence p.T. 

Indeiwndence t. 

Independence p.T. 

Independent tp. 

Index - p.tp. 

Indian tp. 

Indian t. 

Indian tp. 

Indiana tp. 

Indiana tp. 

Indiana tp. 

Indiana* tp. 

Indiana p.b. 

Indianapolis c. 

Indianapolis p.T. 

Indian  Bay p.T. 

Indian  Creek tp. 

Indian  Creek tp. 

Indian  Creek tp. 

Indian  Creek tp. 

Indian  Creek tp. 

Indian  Creek tp. 

Indian  Creek tp. 

Indian  Creek p.tp, 

Indian  Creek tp. 

Indian  Creek p.r. 

Indian  Diggings. ..h. 

Indian  Fields tp. 

Indian  Ford p.T, 

Indian  Grove  .„ tp. 

Indian  Harbor t. 

Indian  Hill tp. 

Indian  Lake tp. 

Indian  Lake p.tp, 

Indian  Land tp. 

Indianola p.v, 

Indianola , 

Indianola , 

Indianola 

Indian  Orchard 

Indian  Point tp. 

Indian  Prairie tp, 

Indian  River hnd, 

Indian  Springs p.v, 

Indian  Springs p.tp 

Indian  Town tp. 

Indian  Township. ..tp. 

Indian  Valley tp. 

Indian  Village tp. 

Industry tp. 

Industry p.r. 

Industry p.tp. 

Industry h. 

Industry v. 

Industry tp. 

Industry p.v, 

Ingallston tp. 

Ingersoll tp. 

Ingham p.tp, 

Ingham tp. 

Inglefield p.r, 

Ingleside p.h. 

Ingraham ..tp. 

Ingraham p.h 

Ingraham  ville h. 

Ingram's tp. 

Inland p.tp. 

Inland —p.tp. 

Inman tp. 

Inskip p.h. 

Inver  Grove  .........tp. 

Inverness  * tp. 

Inwood p.T. 

loka —p.T. 

lola p.T. 

lola tp. 

lola p.T. 

lola tp. 

lola p.T. 

Ion p.h. 

lona tp. 


.p.T. 
.p.v. 
.p.v. 
..p.v. 


Ocnnty. 


Cuyahoga 

IH>flance  ; 

Itlcliiand 

Washington.... 

Pulk 

Beaver 

Beaver 

Washington 

Washington 

Washington 

Grayson 

Preston 

Trempealeau... 

Barton , 

Cass , 

Plumas 

Lake 

Willianisbnrg., 

Marion 

Graham 

Lincoln 

Alleghany 

Indiana , 

Marion 

Mahaska 

Monroe 

White 

Lawrence 

Monroe 

Pulaski 

Mills 

Story 

Anderson 

Monroe 

Pike , 

McKean , 

El  Dorado 

Tuscola 

Rock 

Livingston 

Hancock 

Abbeville 

Nobles 

Hamilton- , 

Lancaster 

Vermilion 

Warren 

Bed  Willow ... 

Calhoun 

Hampden 

Knox 

Wayno 

Sussex 

Butts 

Wayne 

Bureau 

Washington-.. 

Colusa 

Tama 

McDonongh... 
McDonough... 

Franklin 

Belmont 

Hamilton 

Beaver 

Beaver 

Menominee 

Midland 

Franklin 

Ingham 

Vanderbnrg.... 
Queen  Anne... 

Mills 

Clinton 

Providence 

Johnson , 

Cedar 

Benzie 

Otter  Tail 

Bntte 

Dakota , 

Cheboygan 

Marshall 

Keokuk 

Clay 

Allen , 

Allen , 

Waupaca 

Waupaca 

Allamakee 

Murray- 


State. 


Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Oregon, 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Tex 

Va. 

W.  Va.. 

Wis 

Kan 

Mo 

Cal , 

Cal 

8.C 

Iowa..., 
Kan-.., 
Kan  -.. 

Pa 

Pa. 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Ark-.. 

Hi 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Kan-.. 

Mo 

Mo 

Pa 

Cal 

Mich... 

Wis 

Ill 

Mo 

8.  C 

Minn .. 
N.  Y„.. 
S.  C.-.. 

Ill 

Iowa... 

Neb 

Tex 

Mass... 

HI 

Ill 

Del 

Ga 

N.  a... 

Ill 

Mo 

Cal 

Iowa... 

Ill 

Ill 

Me 

Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 

Pa 

Pa 

Mich... 
Jlich... 
Iowa... 
Mich... 

Ind 

Md 

Iowa... 
N.  Y-.. 

R.  I 

N.  C„... 
Iowa... 
Mich... 
Minn .. 

Cal 

Minn.., 
Mich... 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Ill 

Kan-... 

Kan 

Wis 

Wis 

Iowa. ... 
Minn... 


1  Since  1870,  are*  rednced. 
316 


«  In  1873,  part  to  Allamache*.        »  Since  187v'.  Vea  much  reduced.      *  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


FUoe. 


Co«nty. 


iona ph. 

Joue  Valley pT. 

Ionia P-v. 

louia p.tp 

Iooia„ tp. 

Ionia. p.v. 

Ionia. h. 

Ionia  City p.h. 

Iosco ~ p.tp- 

logco tp. 

Iowa tp. 

Iowa tp. 

Iowa~ tp. 

Iowa tp. 

Iowa tp, 

Iowa tp. 

Iowa tp. 

Iowa tp. 

Iowa~ tp. 

Iowa_ tp. 

Iowa~ tp. 

Iowa tp. 

Iowa  City p.v. 

Iowa  City C 

Iowa  Falls p.v. 

Iowa  Lake p.tp. 

Iowa  Point p.v. 

Ipava p.v, 

Ipewich tp. 

Ipswich p.v. 

li»_ tp. 

Ira. „ p.tp 

Im.. p.tp. 

Inwburg tp. 

Inubiirg p.v. 

Iredell p.v. 

Irishtown tp. 

Iron tp. 

Iron tp. 

Iron  City  _ p.h. 

Irondale v. 

Irondule p.v. 

Irondale p.v. 

Irondequoit' tp. 

Iron  Duff p.tp. 

Iron  Mountain p.v. 

Iron  Mountain p.v. 

Iron  Itidge p.v. 

Irouton p.v. 

Ironton tp. 

Iron  ton c. 

Ironton p.v. 

Ironton tp. 

Ironton p.v. 

Iron  town V. 

Irontown p.v, 

Iroquois tp. 

Iroquois tp. 

Irville V. 

Irving tp. 

IrTlng...„ p.v. 

Irving p.v. 

In-ing2 tp. 

Irving tp. 

Irving tp. 

Irving p.h. 

Irving p.tp, 

Irving p.v. 

Irving.. .„ p.h. 

Irving*. p.tp, 

Irving  Park p.v. 

Irviugton p.v. 

Irvington v. 

Irviugton  < tp. 

Irviugton „....p.v. 

Irvington p.v. 

Irwin p.h. 

Irwin p.tp. 

Irwin  Station p.b. 

Irwiuton p.v. 

Isaliel p.v. 

Isabel tp. 

Isiibella p.h. 

Isabella tp. 

Isabella p.h. 

I.«abelle tp. 

Isanti p.tp, 

lecliua..,.™ tp. 

Iscbua „ p.Y, 

Ishpeming o. 


Lebanon 

Amador 

Chickasaw......... 

Jewell 

Ionia. 

Ionia 

Onondaga , 

Pettis 

Livingston 

Waseca , 

Allamakee 

Benton.- 

Cedar 

Crawford 

Dubuque 

Iowa 

Jackson 

Marshall 

Washington-.... 

Wright 

Doniphan - 

Books 

Placer 

Johnson 

Hardin 

Emmett 

Doniphan 

Fulton 

Essex 

Essex 

St.  Clair 

Cayuga 

Rutland 

Orleans 

Orleans „... 

Bosque 

Clinton 

Iron 

St.  Francois...... 

Iron .„ 

Cook „. 

Washington 

Jefferson 

Monroe 

Haywood 

St.  Fransols. 

Dodge 

Dodge 

Iron 

Lincoln- 

Lawrence 

Lehigh 

Sauk 

Sauk 

Martin 

Taylor , 

Iroquois , 

Newton , 

Muskingum 

Montgomery .... 
Montgomery...., 

Tama , 

Brown , 

Jewell...... 

Barry , 

Barry- 

Kandiyohi 

Chautauqua 

Lane 

Jackson- 

Cook 

Washington , 

Marion 

Kossuth 

Essex 

Westchester-.... 

Union 

Venango , 

AVest  morel  and.. 

Wilkinson 

Edgar 

Fulton 

Worth 

Isabella 

Ozark 

Pierce 

Isanti 

Cattarangus-... 

Cattaraugus 

Marqnotte 


Pa. 

Cal 

Iowa.., 
Kan-. 
Mich.. 
Mich.., 
N.  Y„. 

Mo 

Mich.. 
Minn . 
Iowa. . 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa. . 
Iowa.. 
Iowa. ... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa. ... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.  ... 

Kan 

Kan 

Cal 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Ill 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


1,658 
2,500 


Mass... 
Mich.., 
N.  Y... 

Vt , 

Vt 

Vt 

Tex  „.. 

Ill 

Mo , 

Mo , 

Utah... 

Ill , 

Mo 

Ohio.... 
N.  Y.... 
N.C.-. 

Mo 

Wis.... 

Wis 

Mo , 

N.  C... 
Ohio... 

Pa 

Wis.-. 
Wis.... 
Ind.... 
W.  Va, 

111 

Ind.... 
Ohio... 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.. 

Kan  „. 

Kan-. 

Mich.. 

Mich.. 

Minn . 

N.Y-. 

Oregon . 

Wis. 

III... 

111-. 

Ind. 

Iowa.... 

N.J. 

N.  Y. 

Ohio. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Ga 

Ill 

Ill 

Ga 

Mich.... 

Mo 

Wis 

Minn ... 
N.  Y_... 

N.  Y 

Mich.™ 


904 

913 

347 

2,639 

1,168 


878 
9G2 
1,209 
1,123 
1,062 
204 
3,531 


5,914 

1,074 

56 


4S8 
3,720 


1,680 

2,014 

413 

1,085 


698 
1,118 
2,555 


751 
3,990 


2,018 


573 
2,162 
5,686 


1,245 


679 
619 


1,591 
761 


2,300 


1,248 


1,489 
833 
241 


715 


458 
872 


80 

636 

198 

1,142 

1,813 

4,l»0 

76 

41 

1,018 

1,068 

787 

2,884 

1,026 

635 

768 

l,a36 

1,270 

1,032 

1,626 

369 

3,607 

421 

466 

7,123 

955 

44 

187 

675 

3,699 

1,196 

1,615 

2,113 

479 

1,064 

294 

171 

886 

1,348 

2,159 

15 

926 

248 

399 

1,986 

446 

1,243 

337 

138 

769 

1,888 

8,857 

277 

1,310 

232 

162 

228 

865 

818 

132 

1,604 

659 

105 

967 

665 

1,423 

87 

426 

319 

32 

898 

490 

221 

652 

679 

1,677 

1,904 

88 

1,684 

1,444 

264 

106 

823 

67 

1,170 

76 

250 

769 

935 

163 

6,039 


Place. 


IshpeminK tp- 

Island  City p.h 

Island  Creek tp. 

Island  Creek p.tp. 

Island  Falls tp. 

Island  Falls p.h. 

Island  Grove tp. 

Island  Heights p.h. 

Island  Lake P-tp. 

Isle  au  Ilaut ..p.tp. 

Isleborough tp. 

Isle  La  Motto p.tp. 

Islesbo  rough li.h. 

Islip tp. 

Islip p.v. 

Isney p.v. 

Israel.... -.tp. 

Itoly tp. 

Itasca p.h. 

Ithaca p.v. 

Ithaca tp. 

Ithaca c. 

Ithnca p.v. 

Ithaca p.tp. 

luka tp. 

luka p.v. 

luka tp. 

luka -..p.v. 

luka - p.v. 

Ivauhoe p.h. 

Ivesdale p.v. 

Ivesville v. 

Ivy tp. 

Ivy  Hill tp. 

Ixonia. tp. 

Ixonia. p.h. 

Jacinto- pji. 

Jackmautown p.tp. 

Jack's tp. 

Jacksborough p.v. 

Jacksbo  rough- p.v. 

Jack's  Creek tp. 

Jackson p.v. 

Jackson. p.v. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson » tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson  K tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson «..tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson „.„....  tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 


County. 


Marquette 

Gentry 

Duplin 

Jefferson , 

Aroostook 

Aroostook 

Sangamon 

Ocean 

Lyon 

Hancock 

Waldo 

Grand  Isle 

Hocking 

Suffolk 

Suffolk 

Choctaw 

Preble 

Yates 

Du  Page 

Gratiot ^.... 

Tompkins 

Tompkins 

Darke 

Richland 

Marion 

Marion— 

Pratt 

Pratt 

Tishemingo 

Lake- 

Champaign 

New  Haven 

Buncombe 

Haywood 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Alcorn 

Somerset 

Laurens 

Campbell 

Jack 

Yancey 

Amador- 

Butts 

Effingham , 

Will 

Allen 

Bartholomew.. 

Blackford 

Boone 

Brown 

Carroll — .. 

Cass 

Clay 

Clinton.- 

Dearborn 

Decatur 

De  Kalb 

Dubois 

Elkhart 

Fayette- 

Fountain.- 

Greene 

Hamilton 

Hancock 

Harrison 

Howard 

Huntingdon- 
Jackson 

Jay 

Kosciusko , 

Madison 

Miami 

Morgan 

Newton 

Orange 

Owen... 

Parke , 

Porter 

Putnam , 

Randolph 

Ripley , 

Rush 

Shelby 

Spencer 

Starke 

Steuben , 

Sullivan 

Tippecanoe.... 
Washington-. 


State. 


Mich.... 

Mo 

N.C 

Ohio.... 

Me 

Me 

Ill 

N.J 

Minn .. 

Me 

Me 

Vt 

Ohio.... 
N.  Y.... 
N.  Y„.. 

Al» 

Ohio-.. 
N.  Y.... 

Ill 

Mich... 
N.  Y„.. 
N.  Y„.. 
Ohio-.. 

Wis 

Ill 

111 

Kan  „.. 
Kan  .„. 
Miss..- 

111 

Ill 

Conn  — 
N.  C„.. 

N.C 

Wis...., 

Wis 

Miss.... 
Me,..- 

S.C 

Tenn... 
Tex-.., 
N.C..., 

Cal 

Ga 

Ill 

111 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind..„. 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

lud 

Ind 

Ind 

lud 

Ind 

Ind 

iDd 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

lud 

Ind 

Ind...„ 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind..... 

Ind 

Ind 

iDd..... 


Population. 


1870.     1880. 


1,449 

l,ti26 
183 


1,069 


l,2:<o 

497 

62 

4,597 


1,761 
1,341 


1,«>46 

8,402 

l-iO 

1,266 


1,270 
'i',777 


66 

2,720 

178 


1,028 
1,486 
202 
618 
1,399 
2,4.53 
1,750 
1,301 
1,510 
1,711 
3,932 
1 ,366 
1,746 
1,141 


1,289 

i,ai7 

1,321 

1,' 

3,724 

1,849 

1,400 

1,000 

2,267 

1,137 

989 
1,043 
1.344 
1,046 
1,723 

766 
1,148 

767 
1,377 
1,072 
1,498 
1,349 
1,401 

770 
1,305 

926 

125 
1,122 
1,732 
1,081 

77» 


<  liince  1870,  area  mnch  reduced. 
'  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


<  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced.       *  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 

817 


POPULATION  OF  TIIE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


•  CENSUS  KETUBNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PUw*. 


Jackson  ...^«..~.-tp. 

Jackaon ^......tp. 

Jackton _ t|>. 

Jockioa ^ tp. 

JackioD >. tp. 

Jackwn ^ tp. 

JacktoB tp. 

Jackion tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson .^ tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jocksou tp. 

Jackson .^ tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Juckson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson ~..tp. 

Jackson _..tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson „ tp. 

Jackson tp. 

.Tackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Juckson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson _ tp. 

Jiicksou tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jucksun  t tp. 

Juckson tp. 

Jackson p.h. 

Jackson p.r, 

Jackson » tp. 

Jackson p.v, 

Jackson c. 

Jackson p.r, 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson c. 

Jackson  ^~ tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson p.T 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Juckson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson*. tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackaon tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson ...tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp, 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson  *_ tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson*- tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Jackson tp, 

Jackson p.tp, 

Jacksou tp. 

Jackson tp. 

Juckson ~.tp. 


Coanty.' 


Wayn* >. 

Wells 

Whlta ». 

Adair.. ~. 

B«uton_ 

Boone 

Bremer............. 

Butler 

Calhoun 

Clarke 

Crawford 

Des  Moines. 

Greene.- 

Guthrie- 

Hardin 

Harrison 

Henry 

Jackson 

Jones - 

Keol^uk 

Lee- 

liinn- 

Lucas...- , 

Madison 

Monroe- 

MontKomory 

Poweshiek -, 

Sac 

Shelby -. 

Taylor .., 

Van  Buren 

Warren 

Washington- 

Wayne 

Webster 

Winneshiek 

Anderson , 

Davis - , 

Edwards 

Lyon.- 

Mcl'herson- 

Osborne 

Kiley- 

Sumner , 

Breathitt 

East  Feliciana.... 

Waldo - , 

Waldo. , 

Jackson- 

Jackson- 

Scott 

Hinds 

Andrew , 

Buchanan 

Callaway , 

Camden 

Cape  Girardeau. 

Carter 

Clarke - 

Clinton- 

Dallas 

Daviess- 

Douglas 

Gentry 

Greene , 

Grundy- 

Jasper 

Johnson. 

Linn „ , 

Livingston 

Macou 

Maries - , 

Monroe 

Nodaway 

Osage 

Ozark 

Polk 

Putnam , 

Itandolph 

Reynolds-. 

St.  Clair 

St.  Genevieve.... 

Shannon 

Shelby 

Snilivan 

Texas 

Carroll 

Ocean 

Washington-.... 
Nash 


Stete, 


Ind  .... 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa. .. 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa.., 
Iowa. ., 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa.., 
Iowa.., 
Iowa.., 
Kan-.. 
Kan-.. 
Kan-.. 
Kan.... 
Kan .... 
Knn-.. 
Kan.... 
Kan-.. 

Ky 

La. 

Me 

Me 

Mich... 
Minn- 
Minn.. 
Miss.- 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo  ..... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo  .... 

Mo 

Mo  „.., 
Mo ..... 
Mo..... 

Mo 

Mo .... 
Mo .... 
No ..... 
Mo ..... 
Mo  — 
Mo ..... 
Mo .... 
Mo...„ 
N.  H.. 
N.J-. 
N.  Y-. 
N.C-. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


4,049 

1,140 

1,S68 

339 

963 

798 

1,131 

609 

307 

798 

246 

lai 


875 

867 

200 

1,202 

862 

809 

1,528 

1,400 

096 

400 

634 

942 

1,109 

1,629 

409 

480 

351 

1,292 

639 

879 

356 

380 

663 

639 


1,079 


1,249 


54 
934 
707 


11,447 


4,234 

2,401 

890 


810 

459 

695 

1,472 

1,752 

1,432 

1,059 

330 

1,037 

1,759 


1,238 
2,200 

948 
2,603 
1,755 
1,419 
4,367 

895 
1,104 

353 
1,483 

799 
1,175 

327 

411 
1,112 

.^70 
1,410 

902 

637 

474 
1,765 
1,002 


5,294 

1,490 

1,724 

079 

1,221 

1,101 

073 

740 

697 

1,150 

691 

100 

720 

895 

020 

479 

1,064 

897 

914 

1,392 

1,385 

1,000 

1,985 

819 

1,068 

2,203 

2,081 

1,066 

800 

487 

1,833 

971 

943 

916 

609 

797 

626 

658 

286 

1,531 

606 

450 

1,054 

888 

88 

880 

682 

100 

16,105 

501 

270 

6,204 

1,541 

900 

1,404 

1,004 

795 

747 

1,464 

1,093 

1,691 

1,505 

249 

1,735 

1,725 

540 

1,416 

2,108 

1,740 

1,903 

707 

1,729 

4,898 

1,708 

984 

638 

1,746 

1,005 

975 

640 

775 

1,304 

332 

2,057 

2,043 

532 

464 

1,803 

1,662 

1,290 


Place. 


Jackson 

Jackson 

Jacksou 

Jackson - 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Jackson  

Jackson 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Jackson*. 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Jackson  

Jackson 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Jackson  

Jackson 

Jackson  

Jackson 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Jackson  

Jackson 

Jackson 

Jackson  

Jackson 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Jackson  

Jackson 

Jackson  

Jackson  

Jackson  

Jackson  

Jackson 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Jackson  

Jackson  

Jackson 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Jadkson  

Jackson 

Jackson 

Jadkson 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Jackson  

Jackson 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Jackson  

Jackson 

Jackson 

Jackson  

Jacksonbo  rough.. 
Jackson  Brook.... 

Jacksouburg 

Jackson  C.  H 

Jackson  Hill 

Jacksonport 

Jacksonport 

Jacksonville 

Jacksonvillo 

Jacksonville 

Jacksonville 

Jacksonville 

Jacksonville 

Jacksonville 

Jacksonville 

Jacksonville 

Jacksonville 

Jacksonville 

Jacksonville 

Jacksonville 

Jacksonville 

.Jacksonville 

Jacksonville 

Jaoksouvllle 


.tp. 
.p.v. 
.tp. 
.tp. 
.tp. 
.tp. 
.tp. 
.tp. 
tp. 
.tp, 
.tp. 
.tp. 
.tp. 
.tp. 
.tp. 
.tp. 
.tp. 
.tp. 
.p.r. 
.tp. 
.tp. 
.tp. 
.tp. 
,.tp. 
.tp. 
.tp. 
.tp. 
.tp. 
,.tp. 
..tp. 
.tp. 
,.tp. 
.tp. 
.tp. 
.tp. 
,,tp. 
.tp. 
.tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
,.tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
.tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..r. 
.tp. 
..tp. 
.tp. 
,.tp. 
.tp. 
.tp. 
.tp. 
.tp. 
.tp. 
.p.h. 
.tp. 
.tp. 
.tp. 
.b. 


..h. 

.tp. 

.p.tp. 

.p.h. 

.p.tp. 

.p.r. 

.p.v. 

.p.tp. 

.p.r 

.p.tp. 

.p.r 

.h. 


.h 

.p.tp. 

.p.v. 

.p.h. 

.p.r. 

.tp. 

.p.h. 

.v. 

.p.r. 


Oonntjr. 


Northampton 

Northampton 

Union 

Allen 

Ashland 

Auglaize 

Brown 

Champaign 

Clermont 

Coshocton 

Crawford 

Darke 

Franklin 

Guernsey 

Hancock 

Hardin 

Highlaud- 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Knox 

Mahoning 

Monroe 

Montgomery 

Muskingum 

Noble 

Paulding 

Perry 

Pickaway 

Pike 

Preble 

Putnam 

lliclilund 

Sandusky.... 

Seneca 

Shelby 

Stark 

Union 

Van  Wert 

Vinton 

Wood 

Wyandot 

Butler 

Cambria 

Columbia- 

Dauphin 

Greene 

Huntingdon 

Lawrence 

Lebanon 

Luzerne 

Lycoming 

Mercer 

Monroe 

Nortli  umberland. 

Perry 

Snyder 

Susquehanna 

Susquehanna 

Tioga 

Venango 

York 

Providence 

Madison 

Botetourt. 

Adams 

Washington 

Colleton 

Washington 

Butler 

Jackson 

Davidson 

Jackson 

Door 

Calhoun 

Tuolumne 

Duval 

Morgan 

Fountain 

Chickasaw 

Randolph 

Burlington 

Tompkins 

Onslow 

Onslow 

Adams 

Jackson 

Centre 

Cumberland 

Greene 

Indiana 


N.  0 

N.  0 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio..... 
Ohio-.. 

Ohio 

Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohia... 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 

Ohio 

Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio- 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio... 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa- 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Ptt. 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa- 

Pa 

Pa- 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

K.I 

Tenn  ... 

Va 

Wis 

Wis.-.. 

8.  C 

Me 

Ohio-.. 
W.  Va. 
N.  C-... 
Ark.-.. 

Wis 

Ala 

Cal 

Fla 

Ill „ 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

JIo 

N.  J  -... 

N.  y 

N.  C 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa- 


1  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 

*  Siuce  1870,  area  reduced. 

318 


»  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 
*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


.*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


•  In  1872,  part  to  Jefferson. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF   THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED;. 


Place. 


,....p.T. 


,.p.v, 

I>-tp- 

p.li 

ph. 


JnckBonville .. 
JitcksonTille.. 

JiicksonviUe p.v. 

Jacob's  Fork p.tp. 

Jacobs  to  WD..... 

JnlTrcy™ 

Jttlapa 

Jalapa 

Jamaica. tp, 

Jamaica..... ?■▼. 

Jamaica. tp. 

Jamaica ~ p.v. 

James P-h. 

James tp. 

James tp. 

James tp. 

James  Bayou tp. 

James  Bayou p.li. 

Jamesburg p.v. 

James  City v. 

James  Cross  Boads.tp. 

Jameson p.v. 

Jamceport tp. 

Jamesport. p.v. 

Jamesport p.v. 

Jamestown p.b. 

Jamestown p.v. 

Janicstowo.~ p.v. 

Jamestown p.v. 

Jamestown h. 

Jamestown tp. 

Jamestown.^ h. 

Jamestown.. tp. 

Jamestown p.v. 

Jamestown p.v, 

Jamestown v. 

Jamestown ptp. 

Jamestown tp. 

Jamestown p.v. 

Jamestown p.v. 

Jamestown tp. 

Jamestown p.h. 

Jamestown tp. 

Jamestown., p.v. 

Jamestown v. 

Jamestown h. 

Jamestown p.b. 

Jamestown.- p.tp. 

James  town.. p.h. 

Jamestown.- p.tp. 

Jamosville p.v. 

Jamesville> tp. 

JamesviUe p.v. 

Jamison ^ p.v. 

Jamison ....p.v. 

Jamul ....tp. 

Janelow p.v. 

Janesvillo tp. 

Janesville p.v. 

Janesvillo p.tp. 

Janesville tp. 

Janesville .....p.v. 

Janesville v. 

Janesvillo tp. 

Janesville o. 

Jarvis tp. 

JasonviUe p.h. 


County. 


......p.v. 

Pli. 

P-v. 

P-T- 

tp. 

P-V. 

tp. 

tp. 


Jasper.. 

Jasper , 

Jasper 

Jaiiper , 

Jasper 

Jasper 

.Jasper 

Jasper 

Jasper „ ....tp. 

Jasper tp. 

Jasper tp. 

Jasper p.tp, 

Jasper tp. 

Jasper tpu 

Jasper tp. 

Jasper tp. 

Jasper tp. 

Jasper p.v. 

.Jasper tp. 

Jasper p.v. 

Jasper p.v. 

Jasper p.v. 

Jasper  Mill8.........b. 


Westmoreland . 

Cherokee 

Windham- 

Catawba. 

Burlington 

Cheshire 

Grant 

31onroe_ 

Queens 

Queens 

Windham 

Windham 

Plymouth 

Pottawattamie- 
Saginaw 

Stone 

Mississippi 

Mississippi 

Middlesex 

Craven 

Darlington 

Daviess 

Daviess 

Daviess , 

Suffolk 

Independence.., 

Tuolumne 

Stutsman 

Boone 

Elkhart , 

Steuben , 

Steuben 

Iloward- 

Cloud , 

BussoU.- , 

Cass 

Ottawa , 

Blue  Earth 

Moniteau.- , 

Chautauqua-,... 

Guilford , 

Guilford , 

McDowell- 

Greene , 

Carbon 

Lycoming 

Mercer 

Newport 

Fentress , 

Grant 

Onondaga- , 

Martin 

Martin 

Chilton.- 

Plumas- 

San  Diego 

Lewis , 

Lassen 

Bremer- , 

Greenwood 

Waseca ..., 

Waseca 

Clear&eld-. 

Rock , 

Bock 

Madison.. ......M, 

Greene , 

Walker.- 

Newton ...., 

Hamilton 

Pickens ..«. 

Wayne 

Dubois 

Adams .m,... 

Carroll .....,, 

Midland 

Camden 

Dallas. 

Jasper 

Ozark- , 

Balls , 

Shannon 

Taney 

Steuben 

Steuben- 

Fayette.- , 

Pike , 

Marion 

Jasper 

Fayette , 


State, 


Pa- 

Tex 

Vt 

N.C 

N.J 

N.H..., 

Ind 

Tenu... 
N.  Y„.. 
N.  Y-.. 

Vt 

Vt 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Mich... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.J 

N.  C... 

S.C 

Mo 

Mo ..... 

Mo 

N.  Y-.. 

Ark 

Cal 

Dak 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa. .. 
Kan  -.. 

Ky 

Mich... 
Mich... 
Minn .. 

Mo 

N.  Y-.. 

N.C 

N.C 

N.  0,,.. 
Ohio.... 

Pa- 

Pa 

Pa 

R.  I 

Tenn... 

Wis 

N.  Y-.. 
N.C.-.. 

N.C 

Ala, 

Cal ..... 

Cal 

W.Va.. 

Cal 

Iowa... 
Kan  -.. 
Minn .. 
Minn... 

Pa. 

Wis 

Wig 

Ill 

Ind 

Ala..... 

Ark 

Fla 

Ga 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Mich... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo. 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y-.. 
N  .Y-.. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Tenn... 
Tex..i.. 
Ohio..,. 


Population. 


1870,      1880, 


1,106 


7,745 
3,791 
1,223 


447 
301 


89C 
*784 
"323 


003 
"779 
*312 

138 


1,612 
234 


6,336 
1,639 


412 
532 


672 
378 


1.114 
402 

2,630 
150 


259 
947 


926 
iB,789 
1,880 


1.016 
547 
438 
157 
139 
292 
933 
768 
618 

1,304 
93 
615 

1,683 


1,992 
181 
376 


132 
349 
222 

1,443 
123 

1,267 

87 

57 

10,088 

3,922 

1,252 
298 
18 
6,38 
672 
395 
668 
86 
681 

1,100 
671 
405 

1,:«9 
608 
453 
51 
212 
303 
696 
40 
715 
72 
540 
101 
121 
101 

2,066 
603 
185 

9,357 

1,437 

90 

461 

877 

674 

86 

974 

459 

86 

1,215 
a53 

1.699 
299 
102 
150 
143 
142 
421 
273 
688 
762 

1,021 
234 
900 

9,018 

1,942 

69 

269 

91 

311 

146 

1,143 

1,040 

1,024 
439 
602 
497 
902 
884 
953 

1,866 
177 
625 

1,806 
283 

2,072 

181 

641 

377 

75 


Place. 


Java — p.tp. 

Jova  Village ..p.v. 

Jay tp. 

Jay „...p.v. 

Jay ..tp. 

Jay , „..p.tp. 

Jay „ tp. 

Jay p.tp. 

Jay  City v. 

Jeanerette p.v. 

Jeansville p.v. 

Jeddo  S tp. 

Jeddo p.v. 

Jeddo p.v. 

Jefferson.- p.v. 

Jefferson p.h. 

Jefferson p.v. 

Jefferson tp, 

Jefferson ,,,,.p.v. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson tp, 

Jefferson tp, 

Jefferson.. tp. 

Jefferson.- tp. 

Jefferson —...tp, 

Jefferson.- p.v, 

Jefferson tp, 

Jefferson.- tp. 

Jefferson.- tp. 

Jefferson.- tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson.- tp. 

Jefferson.- tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson.- tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson.- tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson .- tp. 

Jefferson.- tp. 

Jefferson.- ...„tp. 

Jefferson.- tp, 

Jefferson.- tp. 

Jefferson,- tp. 

Jefferson.- tp. 

Jefferson.- tp. 

Jefferson- tp. 

Jefferson.- tp. 

Jefferson.- tp, 

Jefferson— tp, 

Jefferson- tp. 

Jefferson,- tp. 

Jefferson.- tp, 

Jefferson.- ,.tp, 

Jefferson— tp, 

Jefferson.- tp, 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson.-,. p.v. 

Jefferson— tp, 

.Jefferson,- tp. 

Jefferson— tp. 

Jefferson— tp. 

Jefferson-....,.» tp. 

Jefferson.- tp. 

Jefferson— „ tp. 

Jefferson.- ....tp. 

Jefferson ...tp. 

Jefferson— tp. 

Jefferson.-.. ,...tp, 

Jefferson— tp. 

Jefferson.-... ....tp. 

Jefferson.- tp. 

Jefferson -tp, 

Jefferson ....tp, 

Jefferson.- tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson  3 tp. 

Jefferson  * tp. 

Jefferson-... p.tp. 

Jefferson.- p.tp. 

Jefferson.- p.v, 

Jefferson.- tp. 

Jefferson— p.tp. 

Jefferson.- b. 

Jefferson —tp. 

Jefferson  S. ...tp, 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson.- tp. 

Jefferson tp, 

Jefferson,-,. .tp. 


County. 


Wyoming..,. 
Wyoming,.,, 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Martin. 

Essex 

Elk 

Orleans- 

Jay 

Iberia. 

Luzerne...... 

Knox  - 

Orleans 

Luzerne 

Marengo 

Union 

Jackson 

Cook 

Cook 

Stephenson- 
Adams 

Allen- 

Boone. 

Carroll 

Cass 

Clinton 

Dubois 

Elkhart 

Grant 

Greene 

Henry 

Huntington. 

Jay 

Kosciusko-.. 

Miami - 

Morgan 

Newton....... 

Noble ~. 

Owen  - 

Fike „..„ 

Pulaski— 

Putnam 

Sullivan 

Switzerland., 

Tipton „ 

Washington, 

Wayne 

Wells 

Whitley 

Adair 

Allamakee .. 
Bremer.-,.... 
Buchanan-.. 

Butler. 

Clayton  - 

Dubuque 

Fayette- 

Greene........ 

Harrison , 

Henry 

Johnson 

Lee- , 

Louisa 

Madison 

Mahaska 

Marshall 

Polk 

Poweshiek,,. 

Binggold 

Shelby 

Taylor 

Warren  - 

Wayne 

Chautauqua. 

Davis 

Dickinson.... 

Jackson- 

Jefferson 

Republic 

Lincoln , 

Frederick  -.. 

Cass 

Hillsdale 

Jackson  

Houston 

Andrew- 

Cedar 

aarke 

Cole 

Daviess  - 


State, 


N.Y-.. 
N,  Y... 

Me 

Me 

Minn,. 
N.  Y..„ 

Pa. 

Vt 

Ind 

La 

Pa 

Mo 

N.  Y-.. 

Pa 

Ala 

Dak 

Ga 

Ill 

Ill 

lU-..-. 

lud 

Ind 

Ind...,. 
Ind..,.. 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind — 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind..... 

Ind 

Ind 

lud 

Iud,..„ 

Ind 

Ind 

lud 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

lud 

Ind..... 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind.,,.. 

Ind 

lud 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa. .. 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa.,, 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa.,, 
Iowa,,. 
Iowa,., 
Iowa... 
Iowa,,, 
Iowa.,, 
Iowa.,. 
Iowa.,, 
Iowa,., 
Iowa.,. 
Iowa.,, 
Iowa,.. 
Kan  -.. 
Kan  „.. 

Kan 

Kan  -.. 
Kan  -.. 
Kan-.. 

Me 

Md 

Mich... 
Mich... 
Mich,.. 
Minn  „ 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 


Population. 


1870,      1880. 


1,956 
"1,490 


2,496 
634 
653 


l,l;J4 
124 


1,813 


546 

494 
1,445 
1,675 

947 
1,285 

253 

""982 

1,398 

l,:i48 

1,234 

1,227 

1,040 

711 

1,370 

1.081 

1,006 

1,292 

2,018 

2,188 

171 

990 

1,251 

3,268 

1,738 

1,632 

1,785 

1,773 

1,263 

362 

1,015 

766 

918 

613 

2,245 

1,550 

639 

779 

694 

1,4:J8 

900 

1.059 

846 

655 

1,174 

691 

832 

900 

527 

""m2 

1,012 

701 


1,542 
1,680 


1.821 

267 

1,047 

1,973 


372 
1,605 
1,040 

843 
1,839 
1,059 


1,9S3 

2.39 

1,291 

111 

217 

2,443 

600 

690 

190 

698 

441 

624 

125 

1,371 

204 

90 

419 

4,876 

619 

C50 

684 

1,582 

1,993 

1,118 

l,l:» 

274 

1,202 

1,265 

1,521 

1,907 

1,298 

1,464 

1,757 

1,073 

1.616 

1.026 

1,904 

1,226 

1.909 

2,505 

364 

1,108 

1,797 

3,935 

2,240 

1,656 

2,007 

2,263 

1,523 

844 

l,l;i5 

795 

1,095 

774 

2,277 

1,585 

1,131 

1,444 

1,697 

1,370 

7^9 

079 

678 

894 

996 

864 

1,092 

948 

833 

351 

793 

1,12Q 

829 

1,068 

893 

667 

826 

1,639 

680 

1,690 

274 

1,014 

2,007 

99 

483 

1,196 

1,109 

923 

2.660 

1.378 


J  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 
*  Siuce  1870,  area  reduced. 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced.  '  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced. 


*  Since  1870.  area  reduced 
319 


POPULATION  OP  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Pfaw*. 


^•(Fsrsoii^ «M...tp. 

Jeffeniu  II tp. 

Jefferson.- ..M...tp. 

ieffemou......^ tp. 

Jeffenioa._....._....tp. 

JeffsnuD.- .......Ip. 

JefforeoB.^ tp. 

Jeffuraon— tp. 

JefTorsuu ^t. 

JelTeraon ' _ tp. 

Jefferson.- tp. 

Jefferson... tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson p.tp. 

Jefferson.- p.  v. 

Jeffor8on„ tp. 

Jefferson.- p.tp, 

Jefferson .......tp. 

Jefferson— p.r. 

Jefferson— .tp. 

Jefferson— tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson.. p.v. 

Jefferson.- tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson— h. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson.- tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson.. tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jeflerson— tp. 

Jefferson— v. 

Jefferson- tp. 

Jefferson— tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jeffert<on.- tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson.- tp. 

Jefferson.- tp. 

Jefferson— t. 

Jefferson m>...tp. 

Jefferson- tp, 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson y. 

Jefferson* tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson*. tp. 

Jefferson.-.. ..„ p.b. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson— .tp. 

Jefferson.- tp. 

Jefferson b. 

Jefferson p.tp. 

Jefferson c. 

Jefferson— h. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson tp. 

Jefferson p.r. 

Jefferson .tp. 

Jefferson^ .tp. 

Jefferson  Oity- T. 

Jefferson  City- c. 

Jefferson  City- p.r. 

Jeffcrsonton p.r. 

JeffersontowB- p.r. 

JeffersonriHe. p.  v. 

Jeffprsonvilie— p.r. 

Jeffersonville.- h. 

Jeffersonrille— tp. 

Jefferson  ▼tile— c. 

Jeffersonville.- p.h. 

Jeffersonville— p.v. 

Jeffersonville.- p.v. 

Jeffersonville p.v. 

Jeffersonville- p.v. 

Jeffersonville— p.v. 

Jeffreys tp. 

Jdloway p.v. 

JenisoDvllle p.h. 

Jenkins tp. 

Jenkins tp. 

Jcnkintown .p.b. 


Oonoty. 


Or«ndy. 

U»rrliion 

Job  Dion 

Lion ».. 

Maries 

Blonroe  - 

Oe«g»" 

Noditway 

I'olk .^...- 

Saline 

Scotland 

Shelby 

Wayne 

Cooa 

Gloucester 

Morris 

Schoharie— 

Ashe 

Ashe. 

Onilfonl 

Adams 

Ashtabula- 

Ashtabula- 

Brown 

Clinton 

Cosliocten- 

Crawford 

Fairfield. 

Fayett« 

Franklin 

Greene -.... 

Ouemsey. 

.Tack  son 

Knox 

Logan 

Madison.... 

Madison 

Mercer 

Montgomery  .. 
Muskingum  -., 

Noble 

Preble 

Bichland 

Boss 

Scioto 

Tuscarawas 

Wayne 

Williams 

Alleghany 

Bei'ks 

Butler 

Clarion 

Dauphin 

Fayette- 

Greene -..., 

Greene.... „ 

Lackawanna... 

Mercer 

Somerset 

Washington-.. 

York 

Chesterfield-., 

Marion- 

Grant-.... , 

Green 

Jefferson , 

Jefferson 

Monroe , 

Vernon 

Bremer- 

Cole 

Jefferson 

Oulpeper— .... 

Jefferson 

Twiggs 

Wayne 

Williamson.... 

Clarke 

Clarke 

Montgomery ., 

Worcester 

Sullivan , 

Fsyette 

Lamoille 

Tazewell 

Marlon 

Knox 

Ottawa 

Mitchell 

Luzerne. 

Montgomery... 


State. 


Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mn 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Bio , 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  U .. 
N.  J.-. 
N.  J.-.. 

N.  y„. 

N.C... 
N.  C- 
N.C-. 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio... 
OMo... 
Ohio... 
Ohio- 
Ohio.,. 
Ohio-. 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Ohio- 
Ohio... 
Ohio-. 
Ohio- 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Ohio- 
Ohlo- 
Ohlo- 
Ohto... 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa. 

Ph 

Pa. 

S.G.... 
Tex.-. 
Wis.... 
Wis.... 
Wis.... 
Wis.... 
Wis.- 
Wls.... 
Iowa.. 

Mo 

Mon ... 

Va 

Ky 

Ga 

Ill 

IlL 

Ind.... 
Ind.... 

Ky 

Moss.. 
N.  Y„. 
Ohio... 
Vt_.... 

Va 

S.  c 

Ohio... 
Mich.. 
Iowa. . 
Pa».... 
Pa-.... 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


874 


1,810 
1,123 
2,147 


480 
.S,002 
3,207 
867 
.H71 
826 


1,4.10 
1,712 
1,228 

T.ois 

2,268 
1,712 
8U9 
1,267 
1,4M 
1,059 


76 
2,532 
1,405 
1,277 

9(14 
3,002 
1,308 
1,634 
1.1 

677 
1,55' 
3,350 
1,156 
1,278 
1,953 
2,251 
1,013 

659 
1,058 


1,664 
2,066 
1,133 
1,234 


848 
1,381 
1,322 


776 

1,292 

706 

889 

327 

1,101 

4,190 


1,67:1 
4,408 
2,176 
764 
1,108 


4,420 
104 


8,042 
7,264 


2,005 


687 
2,605 


1,189 

1,120 

1,4<» 

2,040 

1,310 

2,416 

1,562 

1,148 

885 

1,542 

4,243 

1,648 

230 

HSl 

116 

1,792 

1,630 

2,032 

190 

l,20t) 

3,444 

1,052 

1,008 

1,300 

1,448 

1,143 

1,224 

80 

2,925 

1,288 

1,643 

031 

2,443 

907 

1,572 

2,301 

720 

2,406 

6,096 

1,230 

1,506 

2,244 

2,449 

1,060 

919 

1,268 

154 

1,578 

8,227 

1,072 

1,214 

100 

369 

1,613 

957 

347 

790 

1,120 

807 

979 

320 

1,761 

3,200 

64 

1,437 

3,788 

2,115 

1,087 

1,284 

100 

6,271 

210 

98 

243 

1S6 

238 

69 

3,820 

9,357 

60 

254 

324 

374 

175 

608 

2,627 

131 

87 

830 

2,202 

810 


Place. 


Jenks »,•....«...  tp. 

Jenksvllle t, 

Jenner tp. 

Jenner'sCruflsBoads.p.h 

Jennersville p.h. 

Jeuuerville p.b. 

Jennings- tp, 

Jennings tp. 

Jennings tp. 

Jennings ;tp. 

Jeunitigs- tp. 

Jennings tp. 

Jennings tp. 

JenningsviUe  - p.v. 

Jenny tp. 

Jenny p.v. 

Jenny  Lind- p.h. 

Jerden  - tp, 

Jericho p.h. 

Jericho v, 

Jericho p.tp, 

Jermyn p.b, 

Jerome - p.v, 

Jerome p.h 

Jerome* tp. 

Jerome p.tp. 

Jeromes  ville p.v. 

Jerry  City p.v. 

Jersey tp. 

Jersey tp, 

Jersc}' p.v. 

Jersey  City c. 

Jersey  Mills p.h. 

Jersey  Shore p.b. 

Jerseytown p.v. 

Jersey  ville p.v. 

Jerusalem tp. 

Jerusalem p.tp. 

Jerusalem p.v. 

Jerusalem p.h. 

Jessenland tp. 

Jeseup p.v. 

Jessup. tp. 

Jeeup .p.v. 

Jewell p.v. 

Jewell's p.v. 

Jewett. - p.v. 

Jewett - p.tp, 

Jewett p.v. 

Jim  nenry— tp. 

Jinitown -v. 

Joachim tp. 

Jobe _ p.tp. 

Job's  Cabin tp. 

Jo  Daviess tp. 

Johnny  Cake- v, 

John  Qufncy  Adams.tp. 

Johns tp. 

Johnsburg p.tp. 

Johnson tp, 

Johnson tp. 

Johnson tp. 

Johnson tp. 

Johnson tp. 

Johnson tp. 

Johnson tp. 

Johnson tp, 

Johnson tp, 

Johnson tp. 

Johnson tp. 

Johnson tp. 

Johnson tp. 

Johnson tp, 

Johnson tp, 

Johnson tp. 

Johnson tp. 

Johnson tp, 

Johnson tp. 

Johnson tp, 

Johnson tp. 

Johnson tp. 

Johnson tp. 

Johnson tp, 

Johtison tp. 

Johnson p.v. 

Johnson  City p.v, 

Johnsonsburg v. 

Johnson's  Corner8..p.v. 
Johnson^  Creek. ...p.v. 
Johnson's  Grove.., .p.h. 
Johnson's  Station..p.v, 


County. 


Forest 

IIumiKlen 

Somerset 

Somerset 

Chester 

Somerset 

Crawford 

Fayetle- 

Owen 

Scott - 

Decatur 

I'utnam 

Van  Wert 

Wyoming 

Lincoln 

Lincoln 

Calaveras 

Blpley 

Henry 

Worcester 

Chittenden 

Lackawanna,,,. 

Howard , 

Hillsdale 

Midland 

Union 

Ashland 

Wood 

Jersey 

Licking - 

Licking 

Hudson 

Lycoming 

Lycoming 

Columbia 

Jersey 

Yates 

Davie 

Monroe 

Southampton,.. 

Sibley 

Wayne 

Susquelianna.,. 

Buchanan 

Jewell 

Hancock 

Cumberland..., 

Greene 

Leon 

Miller 

Fayette- 

Jefferson 

Oregon 

Wilkes 

Faribault 

Baltimore 

Warren 

Appanoose 

Warren 

Christian 

Clark 

Brown 

Clinton 

Crawford 

GibHon 

Knox 

La  Grange 

La  Porte, 

Kipley 

Scott 

Plymouth- 

Webster 

Ness 

Carter 

Macon 

Maries 

Oregon  — 

Polk 

Bipley 

Scotland 

Washington-,,. 

Champaign 

Williamsburg.. 

Lamoille 

Lamoille 

Washington..,,. 

Warren 

Summit 

Jefferson 

Crockett 

Tarrant- 


State. 


Pa 

Masa.,,, 

Pa- 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Kan 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Wis 

Wis 

Cal 

Mo 

Ky 

Mass.... 

Vt 

Pa. 

Ind 

MIcl 

Mich.... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ill 

Ohio 

Ohio 

N.  J 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa 

Ill 

N.  Y„.. 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Va 

Blinn  „ 

Ga- 

Pa 

Inwa... 
Kan-.. 

Ga 

HI 

N.  Y.... 

Tex 

Mo 

Pa 

Mo 

Mo 

N.C 

Minn... 

Md 

Ind 

Iowa.,,. 
N.  Y-„. 

HI 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

IoM-a,„ 
Iowa  ,„ 
Kan„„. 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio 

S,C 

Vt. 

Vt 

Tenn.,,. 

N.  J 

Ohio 

Wis 

Tenn.... 
Tex 


I  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 

820 


I  In  1878,  part  to  Wayne.  » In  1880,  exclusive  of  Jefferson  Borough.  «  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  EETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Flace. 


Pb. 

Ptp 

P.h. 

.p.v. 


Johnsontown _.p.h. 

Johusonville ..^.p.v. 

JohnsoiiTille p.h. 

Johnsonville «.tp. 

Johnsonrillc p.v. 

Johnsouville tp. 

Johnsonville p.v. 

Johnsonville. ...«...p.T. 

John's  Biver tp. 

Johnston tp. 

Johnston tp. 

Johnston's  Depot. ..p.v. 

Johnstonville tp. 

Johnstown p.h. 

Johnstown p.tp. 

Johnstown v. 

Johnstown tp. 

Johnstown p.v, 

Johnstown «....p.r, 

Johnstown.... 
Johnstown.... 

Johnsville 

Johnsville.... 

Johnsville v 

Johnsville p.v. 

Joliet c. 

Jolict ~ tp. 

Joliet V. 

Jollj'town p.h. 

Jonathan  Creek. ...tp. 
Jonathan's  Creek  ..p.tp. 

Jones tp. 

Jones tp. 

Jonesborough p.li. 

Jonesbo  rough p.v. 

Jonesborough tp. 

Jonesborough p.v. 

Jonesborough p.v. 

Jonesborough h. 

Jone.sl)orough p.tp. 

Jonesborough tp, 

Jonesborough p.v. 

Jonesborough p.v. 

Jonesbiirg p.v. 

Jonesfield tp. 

Jonesport tp. 

Jonesport p.v. 

Jones'  Prairie p.h. 

Jonestown p.v. 

Jonestown p.b. 

Jonestown v. 

Joucsville p.v. 

Jonesville v. 

Jonesville p.v. 

Jonesville p.v. 

Jonesville tp. 

Jonesville p.v. 

Jonesville p.v. 

Jonesville p.v. 

Joplin tp. 

Joplin  City c. 

Jordan r. 

Jordan .tp. 

Airdaa .tp. 

Jordan tp. 

Jordan „tp. 

Jordan p.tp. 

Jordan tp. 

Jordan p.v. 

Jordan p.v. 

I     Jordan tp. 

!  Jordan „tp. 
Jordan tp. 
Jordan p.tp. 

>     Jordan h. 

Jordan's  Valley  .....p.v. 

Joshua „tp. 

Joy p.h. 

Joy p.h. 

JoyAeld p.tp. 

Juab p.h. 

Jubilee tp. 

Joda p.v. 

Jadkins tp. 

Jndion p.v. 

Jndson p.tp. 

Judsonia p.v. 

Jndson  villa..... p.T. 

Jngtown V. 

Julian  Furnace p.v. 

Junjping  Branch  ...p.h. 


County. 


Northampton 

Wayne 

Warren 

Redwood 

Rensselaer 

Harnett 

Northampton 

Humphreys 

Caldwell 

Trumbull.-  

Providence 

Edgefield 

Lassen 

Cumberland 

Barry 

Columbia 

Fulton „ 

Fulton 

Licking 

Cambria 

Rock 

Bradley 

Frederick 

Morrow 

Bucks _ 

Will 

Will , 

Hamilton.- 

Greene 

Moultrie 

Haywood™ , 

Union 

Elk „ , 

Jefferson 

Clayton 

Union 

Union 

Grant 

Greene 

Washington 

Moore 

Moore 

Washington 

Montgomery 

Saginaw , 

Washington 

Washington 

Milam 

Coahoma 

Lebanon  

Schuylkill , 

Bartholomew 

Warren 

IHllsdale 

Yadkin 

Union „... 

Union 

Chittenden 

Leo 

Jasper 

Jasper 

New  London 

Whiteside 

Jasper 

Warren 

Monona 

Antrim 

Fillmore 

Scott 

Onondaga 

Clearfield.- , 

Lycoming 

Northumberland 

Green 

Portage 

Rntherford 

Fulton 

Mercer 

Wayne 

Benzie 

Juab 

Peoria 

Green 

Warren 

Parke 

Blue  Earth 

White 

Contra  Costa 

Bucks 

Centre 

Summers. 


State. 


Va 

111 

Ind 

Minn ... 

N.  Y 

N.  C 

Pa 

Tenn  ... 

N.  C 

Ohio 

R.  I 

S.  C 

Cal 

Ill 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

N.Y.... 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Pa 

Wis.-... 
Ark.-... 

Md 

Ohio 

Pa 

Ill 

HI 

Ind 

Pa 

Ill 

N.  C 

Iowa.... 

Pa 

Ala 

Ga. 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Me 

N.  C„... 
N.  C-... 
Tenu.... 

Mo 

Mich.... 

Me 

Me 

Tex 

Mi88„.w 

Pa 

Pa 

Ind 

Ky 

Mich.... 

N.  C 

S.  C.-... 

s.  c 

vt 

Va 

Mo 

Mo 

Conn  ... 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Mich.... 
Minn ... 
Minn. 
N.  Y-. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa-.... 
Wis.-. 
Wis.... 
Tenn.. 

Ill 

Ill 

N.  Y„. 
Mich.. 
Utah.. 

HI 

Wis.... 
N.  C... 
Ind.... 
Minn.. 
Ark.„. 
CaL..,. 

Pa 

Pa 

W.Va. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


883 

893 

4,192 


1,296 


12,273 
3,282 
241 
6,02S 
1,299 


7,263 
2,940 


1,001 
987 
840 

1,091 


1,677 

1,108 

681 


622 
2,206 


1,306 


274 


1,196 
327 
448 


683 


1,263 
661 
473 
924 

1,083 


1,176 


122 
130 


837 
1,432 
"*661 


28 
155 
74 
124 
397 
686 
141 
828 
9C4 
790 

6,766 
463 
159 
78 

1,169 

160 

16,626 

6,013 
278 

8,380 

1,217 
95 
171 
204 
110 
11,657 

4,492 

219 

78 

1,081 
851 

1,096 

1,427 
69 

1,048 

2,009 

879 

729 

98 

655 

2,948 
372 
895 
445 
317 

1,663 
402 
46 
147 
703 
194 
266 
167 

1,445 
220 

2,138 
206 
107 
277 

6,322 

7,038 
163 

1,208 
669 
610 
387 
823 
651 
015 

l,;i44 
685 
825 
973 

1,094 

94 

140 

1,138 
87 
90 
173 
95 
872 
291 

1,658 
105 
651 
267 
801 
133 
192 
4S 


Junction tp. 

Junction tp. 

Junction tp. 

Junction p.v, 

Junction p.v. 

Junction p^h 

Junction p.h 

Junction  City p.v. 

Junction  City p.v. 

Juneau p.v. 

Juniata tp. 

Juniata p.T. 

Juniata tp. 

Juniata tp. 

Juniata tp. 

Juniata p.tp. 

Junius p.tp. 

Kabima p.v. 

Kalamazoo p.tp. 

Kalamo tp. 

Kalumo p.v. 

Kalida p.v. 

Kalkaska tp. 

Kalkaska p.v. 

Kalmar tp. 

Kanipsville p.h. 

Kanab p.v. 

Kanaranzie tp. 

Kanawha  Station...p.h. 

Kandiyohi tp. 

Kandiyohi  Station.p.b. 

Kandota tp. 

Kane tp. 

Kane p.T, 

Kane tp. 

Kane  City p.v. 

Kaneville tp. 

Kaneville p.v. 

Kankakee tp. 

Kankakee c. 

Kankakee tp. 

Kankakee tp. 

Kanosli p.v. 

Kansas tp. 

Kansas p.b. 

Kansas tp. 

Kansas p.v. 

Kansas  City' c. 

Kanwaka tp. 

Kaolin p.tp 

Kapioma tp. 

Kappa p.v. 

Karns  City p.b. 

Karthaus .p.tp. 

Kaskaskia^ tp. 

Kaskaskia p.T. 

Kasota tp. 

Kasota. p.T. 

Kasson p.tp. 

Kasson p.T. 

KatahdlnlronWkfl.p.tp. 

Kaufman p.T. 

Kaukauna tp. 

Kaukauna p.T. 

Kaw tp. 

Kaw tp. 

Kaw tp. 

Kawkawlin tp. 

Kawkawlin p.T. 

Kaysvitle p.T. 

Kearney p.tp. 

Kearney tp. 

Kearney p.T. 

Kearney p.T. 

Kearney tp. 

Kcatchie p.T. 

Keating tp. 

Keating tp. 

Keawah  Island Isl. 

Kechi tp. 

Kedron - tp. 

Keedysville -p.v. 

Keelor tp. 

Keelergville p.T. 

Keene tp. 

Keone p.v. 

Keene p.tp. 

Keene c. 

Keene tp. 

Keene p.v. 

Keene........ tp. 


Oonntjr. 


Lassen.. 
Greene., 


Carlton 

Paulding 

Pi  Ute 

Portage 

Davis ..._ 

Lane 

Dodge 

Tuscola 

Adams 

Bedford _ 

Blair 

Huntingdon 

Perry 

Seneca 

Cowlitz 

Kalamazoo 

Eaton 

Eaton 

Putnam 

Kalkaska  - 

Kalkaska 

Olmsted 

Calhoun 

Kane 

Rock 

Wood 

Kandiyohi 

Kandiyohi 

Todd 

Greene 

Greene 

Benton 

Venango 

Kane 

Kane 

Kankakee 

Kankakee 

Jasper 

La  Porte 

Millard 

Edgar 

Edgar 

Woodford 

Seneca 

Jackson 

Douglas 

Iron 

Atchison 

Woodford 

Butler 

Clearfield 

Fayette 

Randolph 

Le  Sueur 

Le  Sueur 

Leclonaw 

Dodge 

Piscataquis 

Kaufman 

Outagamie 

Outagamie 

Jefferson 

Wabaunsee 

Jackson 

Bay 

Bay 

Davis 

Antrim 

Clay 

Clay 

Buflnlo 

Hudson 

De  Soto ^ 

McKean 

Potter 

Charleston 

Sedgwick 

Woodbury 

Washington- 

Van  Buren 

Van  Buren 

Adams 

Jessamine 

Ionia 

Cheshire 

Essex 

Essex 

Coshocton- 


State. 


Cal , 

Iowa..., 
Kan  -.., 
Minn.. 
Ohio.... 
Utah... 

Wis 

Kan.. .. 
Oregon 

Wis 

Mich.... 

Neb 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  Y..... 
Wash... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Ohio 

Mich.... 
Mich  ... 
Minn... 

HI 

Utah.... 
Minn ... 
W.  Va  - 
Minn... 
Minn ... 
Minn... 

HI 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Pa 

Ill 

Ill 

in 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Utah.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ohio .... 

Mo 

Kan  -... 

Mo 

Kan 

Ill 

Pa 

Pa 

Ill 

Ill 

Minn ... 
Minn  ... 
Mich.... 
Minn ... 

Me 

Tex 

Wis.-... 

Wis 

Kan-... 
Kan-... 

Mo 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Utah.... 
Mich.... 

Mo 

Mo 

Neb 

N.J 

La 

Pa 

Pa 

S.  C 

Kan-.- 
lowa.... 

Md 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

HI 

Ky 

Mich.... 
N.  H-... 
N.  Y-... 
N.  Y-... 
Ohio — 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


300 

1,042 


1,437 
621 
393 
983 

1,420 


10,447 
1,363 


73 


94 

967 


215 
1,185 


1,618 


849 


32,260 
913 
463 
775 


452 
1,220 


440 
515 
35 


1,429 
'"749 


1,612 
760 


396 
"974 


1,435 

78 


1,303 

"i',283 


1,271 

6.971 

720 


100 

1,687 

1,204 
108 
198 
71 
39 

2.084 
428 
4.S4 

1,300 
494 

1,4.37 
729 
438 
958 

1,356 

129 

13,552 

1,638 
144 
404 
690 
496 
883 
7» 
394 
192 
61 
658 
75 
244 

1,336 
408 
872 
209 
970 
164 

6,782 

6,661 
288 

1,163 
406 

1,713 
723 
475 
199 
65,785 
919 
639 

1,305 
181 
701 
618 
916 
326 

1,071 
156 
489 

1,054 
193 
490 

2,235 
834 
838 
694 

2,558 

1,118 
238 

1,187 
306 

2,667 
464 

1,782 
777 
316 

2,974 
204 
91 
617 
373 
389 

1,153 
189 

1,378 
458 

1,284 

6,784 
910 
131 
839 


1  Exclusive  of  West  Kansas  City. 


*  In  1877,  part  to  Pope. 


821 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PIm*. 


KwiM.....~ ~~..p.T. 

K«MierM tp. 

Koeneyville. p.  v. 

Ket'uslmrg ....p.h. 

KveMViUo p.*. 

Ko«)Elotown ....p.*. 

Kpg  Croek tp. 

Kviaenrille h. 

KcttliBburg -tp. 

KeithHburg.~ p.v. 

Kekoakee. p.v. 

Kelleraburg p.h. 

Kellerton- p.r. 

Kellpy's  Islatid p.tp. 

Kellogg tp. 

Kellogg p.T. 

Kellogg p.T. 

Kellogg«TiUe.~ p.T. 

Kelly - tp. 

Kelly ^ ~tp. 

Kelly ....tp. 

Kelly tp. 

Kelly tp. 

Kelly  Croae  Boad8.pJi. 

KelIytown„ h. 

Kelsey.- tp, 


,.p.h. 
...p.tp, 
..p.tp, 
..p.tp, 
..p.v. 

...p.T. 
...p.h. 

,.p.T, 


KelBey... 

Kelao 

Kelso 

Kelso 

Kelso 

Kelton.. 

Kemper 

Kempsville... 

Konipton  - _p.T. 

Kemptou p.v. 

Kemptown „p.k. 

Keaansville tp. 

Keuunsvills p.T. 

Kendall tp. 

Kendall p.v. 

Keitdull p.tp. 

Kendall pJ>. 

Kendall b. 

Kendall tp. 

Kendall p.T. 

Kendallville c. 

Kendallville p.h. 

Kendia h. 

Keudi'icki tp. 

Keuduskeag tp. 

Keuduskeag p.T. 

Kenesaw ~ p.v. 

Kennebec tp. 

Kennebunk tp. 

Kenncbunk p.T. 

Kennebuukport....tp. 
Kennebuukport....p.v. 


Ooanty. 


...p.T. 

...p.v. 
...p.h. 
...p.v. 
..p.h. 
.p.v. 


Kennedy. 
Kennedy  ville.... 

Keuuekuk 

Kenuer 

Kennerdell , 

Keunet 

Kennet.. tp. 

Keunet  Square p.b. 

Kenney p.v. 

Kenoonsburg ...pJi. 

Kenockee p.tp. 

Kenosba -.c. 

Kensett p.h. 

Kensett p.tp, 

Keusico p.v. 

Kensington- p.v. 

Kensingtou.. p.tp. 

Kensington p.v 

Kent p.tp. 

KeDt.....M~. p.tp. 

Kent.. p.v. 

Kent tp. 

Kent- p.v. 

Kent- ».tp. 

Kent ....p.T. 

Kentlaud - p.v. 

Kenton find. 

Kenton- p.v, 

Kenton p.v, 

Kenton p.v, 

Kentontowu ...p.h. 

Kentucky tp. 

Kentucky  Town.  ...p.v. 


Coshocton- 

Jasper. 

Tioga 

Wkbash..... 

Essox  ......M...... 

Rockiugbani 

Pottawattamie-. 

Wyoming 

Blercer 

Mercer ~..... 

Dodge 

Anustrung 

Ringgold 

Krie 

Jasper 

Jasper , 

Wabasha 

Ashtabula- 

Warren  -...-■  .. 

Carter 

Cooper 

Ripley 

Union- 

Union 

Westmorelaud- 

£i  Dorado- 

Kl  Dorado 

Dearborn.- 

Sibley 

Scott 

Lincoln  - 

Box  Elder 

Jersey 

Princess  Anne.. 

Ford 

Tipton 

Frederick 

Duplin 

Duplin 

Kendall- 

Van  Buren 

Orleans 

Beaver 

McKoan 

Lafayette 

Monroe- 

Noble 

Winneshiek-... 

Seneca 

Greene 

Penobscot 

Penobscot 

Cobb „..„ 

Monona- 

York- ~.... 

York 

York. 

York 

Chautauqua 

Kent 

Atchison 

Jefferson 

Venango m.. 

Dunklin 

Chester.- 

Chester— «. 

De  Witt- 

Noble 

St  Clair- 

Kenosha 

White 

Worth 

Westchester 

Cook , 

Rockingham.... 
Columbiana-... 

Litchfield.- 

Stephenson 

Jefferson 

Warren- 

nniou-.....«M... 

Putnam- „., 

Portage 

Newton , 

Kent- 

Kent 

Hardin- -., 

Obion- , 

Robertson 

Jefferson 

Grayson...- 


SUte. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Ohio.... 

lud 

Pa. 

Ill 

N.  Y-.. 

Va. 

Iowa.. 

Pa 

Ill 

Ill 

Wis.... 

Pa 

Iowa.. 
Ohio... 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Minn . 
Oliio„. 

Ill 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Cal 

Cal 

Ind.... 
Minn . 

Mo 

Tenn  . 
Utah.. 

Ill 

Va 

Ill 

Ind.... 

Md 

N.  C... 
N.  C.-. 

Ill 

Mich.. 
N.  Y-. 
Pa-.... 

Pa 

Wis.-. 
Wis-.. 
Ind.... 
Iowa .. 
N.  Y„. 
Iowa.. 

Me 

Me 

Ga 

Iowa.... 

Me 

Me 

Me 

Me 

N.  Y„. 
Md  ..... 
Kan  -.. 

La 

Pa. 

Mo 

Pa. 

Pa 

Ill 

Ohio... 
Mich... 
Wis.-. 
Ark.... 
Iowa .. 
N.  Y-. 

Ill 

N.  U„. 
Ohio-. 
Conn .. 

Ill 

Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Iowa.. 
N.  Y-. 
Ohio... 
Ind.... 
Del.... 
Del.... 
Ohio-. 
Tenn. 

Ky 

Kan..., 
Tex.-. 


71 


1,.57» 

1,17a 


838 
1,507 


1,296 


1,372 
24U 
042 


1,M)8 

442 

1,000 


101 


2,878 


1,744 
&0 


1,131 


2,164 


887 
770 


333 
2,6U3 


2,372 


1,308 
884 


04 
1,229 
4,309 


C42 


1,744 

1,116 

309 

601 


1,647 


802 
2,655 


2,610 


1,976 


163 

841 

133 

68 

2,181 
116 
692 
61 

1,278 
942 
188 
68 
169 
888 

1,605 
772 
221 
189 

1,135 
107 

1,631 
496 

l.O'll 

40 

99 

438 

30 

1,876 
716 

1,101 
126 
1:J6 
65 
101 
114 
206 
62 

2,851 
376 

1,446 
192 

1,893 
32 

2,689 
849 
282 

2,373 
75 
99 
813 
650 
232 
244 
463 

2,8.52 

1,164 

2,405 
642 
417 
149 
79 
970 
83 
171 

1,247 

1,021 
419 
89 

1,591 

6,039 
86 
602 
116 
250 
614 
107 

1,622 

1,214 
104 
728 
110 

1,361 

3,309 
982 

2,817 
197 

3,940 
298 
69 

1,656 
105 


PUc*. 


..p.tp 
...p.v. 

..p.tp 
..p.tp 


Otmnty. 


Kenyon »p.tp. 

Konyon'a  Mill h. 

Keokuk c. 

Keokuk tp. 

Keosauqua..- p.v. 

Keota p.v. 

Keowee...... p.tp. 

Kerby p.b. 

Kerklioven tp. 

Kerkhoven p.v. 

Kernersville tp. 

Kernersville p.v. 

Kernville p.v. 

Kerr -tp. 

Kerrtown v. 

Korrville- p.v. 

Kerton tp. 

Keswick p.h. 

Keswick  Depot-....p.h. 

Kettle  lUver tp. 

Kewanee- tp. 

Kewanee p.v. 

Kewanna. p.v. 

Kewaskum tp. 

Kewaskuni p.v. 

Kewaunee  * tp. 

Kewaunee p.T. 

Keysburg b. 

Keyser tp. 

Keyser p.T. 

Keysport- p.h. 

Keystone p.v. 

Kcysvillo p.h. 

Keysville p.v. 

KeytesviUe tp. 

Keytesville p.v. 

Key  West c. 

Key  West p.h. 

Key  West.... 
Kezur  Falls.. 

Kiantono 

Kickapoo..... 

Kickapoo tp. 

Kickapoo p.h. 

KickuiKK) p.tp, 

Kicka{>oo  City p.v. 

Kidder tp. 

Kidder p.v. 

Kiddx'ille p.v. 

Kiddville p.h. 

Kiel p.v. 

Kieforville p.h. 

Kiester...... tp. 

Kilboum.- tp. 

Kilbonrn  .._ p.v. 

Kilboum -p.h. 

Kilboum p.v. 

Kildare tp. 

Kildare..,.. p.tp. 

Kilgore ..~.p.v. 

Kilkenny tp. 

Kilkenny p.h. 

Killawog- .....p.v. 

Killbuck tp. 

Killbuck p.v. 

Killbuck* tp. 

Kill  Creek p.tp 

Killingly p.tp. 

Killingworth p.tp, 

Kilmarnock p.h. 

Kilniore p.h. 

Kimball tp. 

Kimball tp. 

Kimball p.v. 

Kimberly p.h. 

Kimberton p.h. 

Kimshew-... tp. 

Kincnid - tp. 

Kinder tp. 

Kinderhook tp. 

Kinderhook p.v. 

Kindurhook p.tp. 

Kinderhook p.tp. 

King tp. 

King , tp. 

King  City p.tp. 

King  City p.v. 

Kingfield tp. 

Kingfield. p.v. 

Kingman p.tp. 

Kingman , p.tp. 


Goodhue 

Wanhington- 

Lee 

Wl.|K'llo 

Van  Duren 

Keokuk- 

Oconee 

Josephine 

Swift 

Swift 

Forsyth  - 

Forsyth- 

Kern 

Champaign 

Crawford 

Kerr 

Fulton 

Keokuk 

Albemarle 

Pine 

Henry 

Henry 

Fulton 

Washington 

Washington- 

Kewaunee 

Kewaunee 

Logan 

De  Kalb 

Mineral- 

Clinton 

Wells 

Crawford 

Charlotte 

Chariton 

Chariton 

Monroe 

Dubuque 

Coffey „ 

York 

Chautauqua 

Peoria 

Leavenworth 

Anderson 

Vernon 

Leavenworth 

Caldwell 

Caldwell 

CUrke 

Sullivan 

Manitowoc 

Putnam 

Faribault 

Mason 

Mason 

Van  Buren 

Columbia 

Swift 

Juneau 

Carroll 

Lo  Sueur -... 

Le  Sueur 

Broome 

Holmes 

Holmes 

Alleghany 

Osborne 

Windham 

Middlesex 

Lancaster 

Clinton 

St  Clair- 

Jackson 

Bosque 

Aitkin 

Chester-. 

Butte- 

Jackson 

Cape  Girardeau. 

Pike 

Pike 

Branch 

Columbia 

Christian 

Bedford 

Mcl'herson 

Gentry- 

Franklin- 

Franklin 

Kingman 

Penobscot 


State. 


Minn .- 

R.  I 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

S.  0 

Oregon 
Minn  .. 
Minn .. 

N.C 

N.  C-.. 

ChI 

HI 

Pa 

Tex 

Ill 

Iowa... 

Va 

Minn .. 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Ky 

Ind 

W.  Va. 

Ill 

Ind 

Jlo 

Va 

Mo 

Mo 

Fla 

Iowa... 
Kan  -., 

Me 

N.  Y„., 

HI 

Knn-., 

Tex 

Wis..... 
Kan-., 

Mo 

Mo 

Ky 

Mo 

Wis..... 
Ohio.... 
Minn ... 

Ill 

HI 

Iowa. ... 

Wis 

Minn .., 

Wis 

Ohio 

Minn.., 
Minn ... 

N.  Y 

Ohio..... 

Ohio 

Pa 

Kan..... 
Conn.... 
Conn.... 

Va 

Ind 

Mich.... 
Minn .. 

Tex 

Slinn .. 

Pa 

Cal 

Ill 

Mo 

Ill 

Ill 

Mich..., 

N.  Y 

Ill 

Pa 

Kan.,... 

Mo 

Me 

Me 

Kan 

Me 


>  Since  1870,  area  mnch  reduced. 


822 


t  In  1877,  part  to  West  Kewaunee. 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


CJounty. 


Kingman tp. 

Kings ph. 

King's -tp. 

Kingsborouglj p.v. 

Kingsburg _.p.h. 

Kingsbury p.v. 

Kingsbury p.tp, 

Kingsbury p.tp. 

King's  Creole ~p.tp 

Kingsdale p.li. 

King's  Ferry p.v. 

Kingsland p.v. 

Kingsley tp. 

King's  Mountain...tp. 
King's  Mountain...p.v. 
King's  Mountain...tp. 

King's  Pmirio tp. 

Kingston p.h. 

Kingston p.v. 

Kingston tp. 

Kingston p.v. 

Kingston p.li. 

Kingston p.h. 

Kingston ph. 

Kingston p.tp. 

Kingston p.tp. 

Kingston p.tp. 

Kingston tp. 

Kingston p.v. 

.'Kingston tp. 

Kingston h. 

Kingston p.tp. 

Kingston  t tp. 

Kingston  i c. 

.Kingston tp. 

Kingston p.v. 

Kingston tp. 

Kingston p.h. 

Kingston p.v. 

Kingston p.v. 

Kingston p.v. 

K  ingston tp. 

Kingston p.v. 

Kingston tp. 

Kingston  Mines p.v. 

Kiiigstree p.v. 

Kingsville p.h. 

Kingsville tp. 

Kingsville p.v. 

Kingsville tp. 

Kinggville. p.v. 

Kingwoud p.tp 

Kingwood p.h. 

Xingwood p.v, 

.Kiumundy tp. 

Kinmundy p.v. 

Kinnelccct p.tp 

Kinnickinnick p.tp 

ginslcy „ tp. 

Kinsley ,....p.v. 

Kingman tp. 

Kinsman p.v. 

Kinston* „tp. 

KInston p.v. 

Kintire tp. 

KintnersviUe- p.v. 

Kinzua tp. 

Kiiizua p.v. 

Kiowa _ tp. 

Kiowa „.p.h. 

Kirby tp. 

Kirby p.T. 

Kirby tp. 

Kirby tp. 

Kirkland „....lp. 

Kirliland tp. 

Kirliland p.v. 

Kirklin tp. 

Kirklin v 

Kirkmausville.. 

Kirksville 

Kirksville 

Kirkville , 

Kirkvillo 

Kirkwood 

Kirkwoo<l 

Kirkwood 

Kirkwoo<l 

Kirkwood 

Ivirkwood ,. 

Kirtlund„ tp, 


,p.h. 

.p.v. 

.p.T. 

.p.v. 
.p.v. 
.p.v. 
.p.v. 

.p.T. 
.p.tp. 
.tp. 


Bonville 

Ogle 

Williamsburg... 

Fulton 

Fresno 

La  Porte 

Piscataquis 

Washington 

Caldwell 

Adumg..„ 

Nassau 

Bergen 

Forest 

Cleveland 

Cleveland 

York 

Barry 

Madison 

Bartow 

De  Kalb 

De  Kalb 

Decatur 

Des  Moines 

Labette 

Plymouth , 

Tuscola , 

Meeker 

Caldwell 

Caldwell , 

Washington 

Lauder- 

Rockingham ... 

Ulster , 

Ulster 

Delaware 

Koss 

Luzerne 

Luzerne 

Washington..... 

Itoane 

PiUte , 

Green  Lake...., 
Green  Lake..... 

Juneau 

Peoria 

Williamsburg. 

Baltimore 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Ashtabula 

Ashtabula 

Hunterdon 

Somerset 

Preston 

Marion~ 

Marion... 

Dare 

St.  Croix 

Edwards 

Edwards 

Trumbull 

Trumbull 

Lenoir 

Lenoir 

Redwood 

Bucks 

Warren 

Warren 

Barliour 

Barbour. 

Northampton.. 

Wyandot 

Marion 

Caledonia 

Adams 

Oneida 

Oneida 

Clinton.- 

Clinton 

Todd 

Madison.. 

Adair 

Wapello 

Onondaga 

Warren 

St.  Louis 

Camden 

Broome 

Belmont 

Kershaw 

Lake „ 


State. 


Minn... 

Ill 

S.0 

N.  Y 

Cal 

Ind 

Me 

N.Y 

N.  C 

Pa 

Fla 

N.  J ..... 

Pa 

N.  C 

N.  C 

S.  C .-... 

Mo 

Ark._... 

Go. 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa..., 
Kan..... 
Muss. ... 
Mich.... 
Minn... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Nev , 

N.  H.... 
N.  Y_.. 
N.  Y— 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 

Pa- 

Pa. 

R.  I 

Tenn ... 
Utah... 
Wis  — 

Wig 

Wis.-.., 

Ill 

S.  C 

Md ..... 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
N.J-.. 

Pa 

W.Va.. 

Ill 

Ill 

N.  C-.. 

Wis 

Kan.-.. 
Kan  „.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 

N.C 

N.  C... 
Minn.. 

Pa. 

Pa „ 

Pa 

Kan.... 
Kan  „., 
N.  C... 
Ohio-.. 

S.  C 

Vt 

Ind 

N.  Y„.. 
N.  Y.... 

Ind 

Ind 

Ky 

Ky 

Mo 

Iowa... 
N.  Y-.. 

Ill 

Mo 

N.  J 

N.Y-.. 
Ohio.... 

S.  0 

Ohio.... 


Population. 


l,77i 


174 

4,277 
625 


575 
1,248 


1,818 

857 

65 

402 

975 


1,604 
324 
630 

1,277 
414 

1,085 


1,054 
4,507 


687 

345 

2,825 

1,143 

"*739 


1,360 

298 

1,768 


1,94^ 


1,895 


1,029 


4,G04 
1,103 


1,844 


1,1.55 
417 
508 

4,912 
168 

1,266 
141 


1,471 


150 
1,145 


1,402 
1,792 


1,029 


2,842 
747 
88 
154 
198 

4,614 
683 
92 
187 
865 
460 

2,009 
337 

2,674 

1,317 

86 

483 

1,188 
138 
60 
90 
39 

1,524 
650 
865 

1,509 
470 

1,266 
58 

1,080 

1,093 

18,344 

562 

442 

6,878 

1,418 
629 
858 
138 
826 
204 
111 
210 
384 
60 

1,100 
174 

1,621 
495 

1,694 
60 
365 

1,941 

1,096 
368 
778 

1,032 
4.57 

1,224 
267 

2,778 

1,216 
71 
106 
348 
177 
413 
42 

2,722 
294 

1,678 
398 
793 

4,984 
132 

1,713 
252 
75 
114 

2,314 
280 
926 

1,079 

1,280 
108 

1,344 

2,028 
611 
984 


Place. 


KIrtland p.T. 

Kirwin tp. 

Kirwin p.v. 

Kiskiminetos p.tp. 

Kismet ....p.v. 

Kitlanning tp. 

Kittanning p.b. 

Kittery p.tp. 

Kittrell p.tp. 

Klacking tp. 

Klamath -tp. 

Klein tp. 

KleiufeltersviUe  ...p.v. 

Knapp'g  Creek p.T. 

Knapton _.p.v. 

Kneist tp. 

Knife  Falls h. 

Knight tp. 

Knight's  Ferry p.v. 

Knights  town p.T. 

Knight's  Valley  ...tp. 

Knightsville p.v. 

KnigbtsviUe —p.v. 

Knightsville t. 

Knob  Creek p.tp. 

Knobnoater p.v. 

Knobs tp. 

Knobsville p.h. 

Knobview p.tp, 

Knottsville p.v. 

Knowersviile p.v. 

Knowlegville p.v. 

Knowlton p.tp. 

Knowlton p.tp. 

Knox tp. 

Knox tp. 

Knox tp. 

Knox p.T. 

Knox tp. 

Knox tp. 

Knox p.tp. 

Knox tp. 

Knox p.T. 

Knox tp. 

Knox tp. 

Knox tp. 

Knox tp. 

Knox tp. 

Knox tp. 

Knox tp. 

Knox tp. 

Knox  borough p.T. 

Knox  City p.T. 

Knoxvilla p.v. 

KnoxTille h. 

Knoxvillo tp. 

Knoxville .» p.v. 

Knoxvillo p.v. 

Knoxville p.v. 

Knoxville tp. 

Knoxville p.b. 

Knoxville v. 

Knoxville t. 

Knoxville b. 

Knoxville T. 

Knoxville p.b. 

Knoxville c. 

Kochville tp. 

Koeltztown p.h. 

Kohlsvilie p.h. 

Kokomo p.T. 

Kokomo c. 

Korbel's  Mills p.h. 

Kortright p.tp, 

Kosciusko p.T. 

Koshkonong tp. 

Kosse p.v. 

Kossuth p.T. 

Kossuth tp. 

Kossuth p.T. 

Kossuth p.T. 

Kossuth tp. 

Koszta p.T. 

Kouts'  Station p.T. 

Koylton tp. 

Kozer tp. 

Kragero p.tp. 

Kraiu tp. 

Krakow „ tp. 

Kratzerviile p.h. 

Kreamer -.p.b. 


County. 


Lnke 

Phillips 

Philliijs 

Armstrong..... 

Morgan 

Armstrong 

Armstrong 

York 

Granville 

Ogemaw 

Humboldt 

Schnylkili 

Lebanon 

Cattaraugus..., 

Pacific 

Carroll 

Carlton 

Vanderburg.... 

Stanislaus 

Henry 

Sonoma. 

Clay 

Cunil>erland. . 
Providence.... 

Cleveland 

Johnson 

Yadkin 

Fulton 

Crawford 

Daviess. 

Albany 

Orleans 

Warren 

Slarathon-..,. 

Napa 

Knox 

Jay 

Starke 

Clarke 

Pottawattamie.... 

Waldo 

Albany 

All>any 

Columbiana-. 
Guernsey...... 

Holmes 

Jefferson 

Vinton 

Clarion 

Clearfield- .... 

Jefferson 

Oneida 

Knox- 

Knox 

Dubois 

Marion 

Marion 

Pendleton 

Frederick-..., 

Bay * 

Ray 

Madison 

Steuben 

Alleghany 

Jefferson 

Tioga. 

Knox-. 

Saginaw 


Washington- 
Summit 

Howard- 

Sonoma 

Delaware.-... 

Attala 

Jefferson 

Limestone.-. 
Dcs  Moines... 
Washington- 
Alcorn 

Auglaize 

Manitowoc... 

Iowa 

Porter 

Tuscola 

Colleton 

Chippewa-... 

Steam  g 

Presque  Isle.. 

Snyder 

Snyder.......^ 


Ohio-.., 

Kan 

Kan-... 

Pa. 

Tenn... 

Pa 

Pa 

Me 

N.  C... 
Mich.- 

Cal 

Pa 

Pa 

N.Y-.. 
Wash.. 
Iowa.... 
Minn.. 

Ind 

Cal 

Ind 

Cal 

Ind 

Me 

B.  I- .. 
N.  C-.. 

Mo 

N.  C„.. 

Pa 

Mo 

Ky 

N.Y..- 
N.  Y.... 

N.  J 

Wis 

Cal 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Iowa. .. 


N.Y- 
N.Y- 
Ohio- 
Ohio-... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Oliio 

Pa 

Pa- 

Pa 

N.  Y-.., 

Mo 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Ky 

Md 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Pa- 

Pa 

Pa. 

Tenn  ... 
Micb..., 

Mo 

Wig.-.., 

Col , 

Ind 

Cal 

N.Y-... 
Misg-.. 

Wig 

Tex 

Iowa.... 

Me 

Miss 

Ohio 

Wis 

Iowa.... 

Ind 

Mich.... 

S.  C 

Minn... 
Minn  .. 
Mioh... 

Pa 

Pa- 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


1,728 


1,889 
3,333 
1,829 


1,342 


1,628 
1,071 


638 

914 

1,451 


1,691 
166 


2,881 
685 
244 
777 
961 
889 

1,656 


2,161 
810 
964 

1,301 
559 
656 
687 
863 


4,750 
800 


320 
2,469 


241 

785 


400 
8,682 
1,070 


2,177 


1,812 

677 

3,202 


112 
2,186 


S0« 
1,421 

807 

1,698 
109 

1,681 

2,624 

3,230 

2,836 
470 

1,143 

1,536 
144 
390 
132 
801 
93 

1,903 
191 

1,670 
230 
968 
647 
247 
759 
689 

1,615 
67 
693 
157 
329 
321 

1,47« 
379 
861 

2,579 
840 
316 
903 

2,344 
852 

1,694 
182 

2,240 
964 

1,005 

2,011 
947 
767 
788 

1,011 
262 
2.34 

1,600 
33 

6,728 

2,577 
113 
265 

2,301 
88 
217 
858 
393 
103 
469 
10,917 

1,768 
84 
63 
818 

4,042 
42 

1,730 

1,126 

3,406 
476 
2:J5 
122 
132 
119 

2,168 
107 
214 
919 

1,490 
879 
214 
24i! 
98 
7» 


1  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


*  Organized  in  1872. 


»  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


823 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PUc^ 


KnMer 

KreMenTille 

KretscherTille.-., 

KulpsiviUo 

Kutt»wa.„ 

Kutttowii. 

Kyger 

Kylertown. ....... 

lAbadioTiUe 

I«BalIoiui 

likDelle 

La  Belle 

W>ctte 

L*  Game. 

I4u;ey 

Lacey 

Lacey  Spring..... 

LaOiuta. 

Lack 

Lacka\ranna 

Lackawantiuck.. 

Iiackawaxen 

Lackawaxen 

Laclede  i 

Laclede. 

Laclede.. 

Laclede 

Lacon 

Lacon 

Lacona 

Lacona 

I<aconia. 

Laoonia 

Laconia. 

Laconia 

Lac  Qui  Parle.... 
Lac  Qui  I'arlo.... 

La  Crescent 

La  Crescent 

La  Crosse- 

LaCrusse 

LaCroaso 

La  Crosse 

La  Cygne. 

Ladoga. 

Ladouia. 

Ladora 

Ladore- 

La  Duo. 

Ijaenna 

La  Fargeville 

Iiafayette 

Lafayette. 

Lafayette 

Lafayette 

Lafayette 

Lafayette. 

Lafayette 

Lafayette. 

Lafayette. 

Lafayette 

I^fayette. 

Lafayette. 

Lafayette. 

Lafayette. 

Lafayette. 

Lafayette. 

Iiafayette. 

Idifayetto 

Lafayette 

Lafayette 

Lafayette 

Lafayette 

Lafayette. 

Lai'ayette. 

Lafayette. 

LnCiyette 

Lafayette 

Lafayette. 

Lafayette 

Lafayette 

Lafayette. 

Lafayette 

Lafayette 

Lafayette..»....~. 

Lafayette 

Lafayette 

Lafuyettevillo.... 

Laffoe 

La  Foutaine , 

Lagarta. 


.p.h. 
..r. 

..p.T. 

..p.v. 

..p.b. 

..p.v. 
..p.v, 
..p.v. 

..tp. 
..tp. 

..p.v. 

..p.tp. 

..p.ll. 

..p.h. 

..tp. 

.-p.h. 

..p.v. 

..tp. 

..p.tp. 

..tp. 

..h. 

..p.tp. 

..tp. 

..p.v. 

..p.b, 

..p.v. 

..tp. 

..p.v. 

..p.v, 

...p.v. 

...p.v. 

..p.v. 

...tp. 

...p.v, 

...tp. 

..p.v, 

..tp. 

...p.v. 
...p.v. 

...p.tp. 
,.tp. 


...p.v. 
..p.v. 

...p.T. 

..p.v. 

..p.tp. 

..p.v. 

..tp. 

..p.v. 
..p.v. 
..p.v, 

..tp. 
..tp. 

..p.v. 

..tp. 
...tp. 
..tp. 

..tp. 
..c. 

..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 

..p.T. 

..p.tp. 

..tp. 

..tp. 

..p.tp, 

...tp. 

...p.T. 


..tp. 
..p.T. 
..tp. 

..h. 

..p.v. 

..tp. 


..p.v, 
..p.v. 

..p.tp 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..p.h. 


,.p.v. 
..p.v. 


Couity. 


Snyder 

KurtbamptuD .. 

Richmond. 

Montgomery.... 

Lyon 

Uerks 

aallla. 

Clearfield 

Assumption..... 
Loa  Angeles.... 

Lewis 

Lewis 

Labette 

Ottawa.. 

Mahaska 

Ocean 

Rockingham..., 

Sau  Miguel 

Juniata. 

Lackawanna..., 

Mercer 

Sullivan 

Pike 

Fayette- 

Fayette 

Pottawatomie .. 

Linn 

Marshall 

Marshall 

Warren 

Oswego,..- 

Desha. 

Harrison 

Belknap 

Belknap 

Lac  Qui  Parle~ 
Lac  Qui  Parle  ~ 

Houston 

Houston 

Izard.. 

Hush - 

Jackson 

La  Crosse,. 

Linn 

Montgomery.... 

Fannin 

Iowa 

Neosho 

Henry 

Logan 

Jefferson 

Chambers 

Walker. 

Coles — ., 

Ogle - , 

Stark.. 

Allen 

Floyd 

Madison 

Owen 

Tippecanoe , 

Allamakee 

Bremer 

Keokuk -., 

Story 

Chautauqua 

Christian 

Gratiot 

Nicollet 

Clinton 

Sussex 

Onondaga 

Onondaga , 

Allen 

Ashland 

Coshocton 

Madison. 

Medina. 

Richland 

Yam  Hill 

McKean 

Montgomery.... 

Washington 

Montgomery.... 

Chippewa. 

Monroe 

Walworth. 

Dutchess 

Schuylkill 

Wabash , 

Live  Oak 


SUte. 


Population, 


Pa.... 
Pa.... 
N.Y. 

Pa,.,. 
Ky.„ 
Pa.,.. 
Ohio. 
I'a.... 
La,.., 
Cal... 
Mo... 
Ma.. 
Kan  .... 

Ohio 

Iowa,,,. 

N.  J 

Va 

N.  Hex. 
Pa_... 

Pa 

Pa.... 
N,  Y- 
Pa..., 

Ill 

Ill 

Kan.. 
Mo.... 

Ill 

Ill 

lowo. 
N.Y. 
Ark.. 
Ind... 
N.  H. 
N.  H., 
Minn 
Minn 
Minn 
Minn 
Ark... 
Kan... 
Minn  ,„ 

Wis 

Kan 

Ind 

Tex 

Iowa.... 

Kuo 

Mo 

Ill 

N.  Y.... 

Ala 

Ga. 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa. 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Ky 

Mich.... 
Minn,.,, 

Mo 

N.  J 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Oregon. 

Pa 

Pa 

R.I 

Va. 

Wis.... 

Wi 

Wis, 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Ind. 

Tex 


1,290 
6,153 
1,079 


1,757 

1,242 

159 


2,440 
2,105 


2,309 


7,785 


878 


691 


1,382 

251 

1,205 

467 

284 

1,471 

1,576 

1,452 

1,071 

13,500 

1,120 

807 

959 

401 

""2T5 
288 
694 
2,007 
884 
2,2*1 
1.35 
337 


920 

143 

1,109 


970 

492 

1,032 


m 

87 

483 

Sll 

204 

1,108 

199 

141 

218 

2,493 

1,746 

840 

e26 

60 
45 

814 
49 
117 

1,4;59 

6,821 

1,092 
81 

1,688 

1,209 
121 
32 
694 

2,214 

1,814 
282 
378 
130 
112 

3,790 

1,445 
400 
108 
844 
326 
246 
631 
373 
14,505 
836 
928 
223 
211 

1,056 
140 

1,090 
307 

1,061 
207 

1,162 
384 
265 

1,426 

1,000 

1,626 

955 

14,800 

1,101 
750 

1,986 

1,145 
817 
970 

1,006 
904 

1,646 
781 

2,100 
146 
333 
118 

1,018 
184 

1,105 
79 
396 

1,266 
139 
405 
122 

1,903 
402 

1,028 

79 

288 

295 

199 


Place, 


Lagonda. p.v. 

La  Grand tp. 

La  Grange p.v. 

La  Grange p.v. 

La  Grange p.v. 

La  Grange tp. 

La  Grange p.v. 

La  Orange p.v. 

La  Grange tp. 

La  Grange p.v. 

La  Grange tp. 

La  Grange p.h. 

La  Grange tp. 

La  Grange p.v. 

La  Gi'atige p.v. 

La  Grange tp. 

La  Grange i>.h. 

La  Grange p.v. 

La  Grange T, 

La  Grange tp. 

La  Grange p,T, 

La  Grange„,,.,,,„,,T, 

La  Grange p,T, 

La  Grange p.T, 

La  Grange tp. 

La  Grange p.tp. 

La  Grange  IronWorks.v 

La  Grangeville p.v. 

Lagro tp. 

Lagro p.T, 

Laguardo p.T, 

La  Ilurpc tp. 

La  ITarpe p.v. 

Luhuska - p.h, 

Laingsburg p.v, 

IjairdBvillo -....p.v. 

Lair's  Station p.b. 

La  Joya t. 

Lake — tp. 

Lake tp. 

Lake tp. 

Lake tp. 

Lake tp. 

Lake tp. 

Lake tp. 

Lake tp. 

Lake tp. 

Lake - tp, 

Luke tp. 

Lake tp. 

Lake tp. 

Lake - tp. 

Lake tp. 

Lake. — tp. 

Lake -..tp. 

Lake tp. 

Lake tp. 

Lake p.v. 

Lake tp. 

Lake tp. 

Lake tp. 

Lake tp. 

Lake p.tp. 

Lake tp. 

Lake - p.tp. 

Ijake tp. 

Lake — ..tp. 

Lake tp. 

Lake tp. 

Lake  Addie b. 

Lake  Andrew tp. 

Lake  Belt p.tp. 

Lake  Benton tp. 

Lake  Benton p.v. 

Lake  Charles,,- p.T. 

Lake  City. .-..tp. 

Lake  Citr. „„.p.v. 

Lake  City. h. 


.p.T, 
.p.T. 
.p.tp. 
.p.h 
,..p.v. 


Lake  City.. 
Lake  City. 
Lake  City. 
Lake  City. 
Lake  City. 

Lake  Creek  - tp. 

Lake  Creek  ..,,—,.tp. 

Lake  Creek tp. 

Lake  Crystal p.v. 

Lake  KHzabetb p.v. 

I>ake  Kunice tp. 

Lakefleld tp. 

Lake  Forest- p.v. 


Conntjr. 


Clark -. 

Douglas. 

Lee 

StuniHlttUn.. 

Troup 

Bond 

Cook 

La  Grange 

Harrison 

Oldham 

I'unobsi'Ot. 

Penobscot. 

Cass 

Cass. 

Lewis 

Dutchess 

Wyoming 

Lenoir 

Jefferson 

Lorain.... 

Lorain 

Wyoming 

Fayette. 

Fayette 

Monroe. 

Walworth 

Stewart 

Dutchess 

Wabash 

Wabash 

Wilson 

Hancock 

Hancock , 

Bucks 

Shiawassee .,.,, 

Lycoming. 

Harrison 

Rio  Arriba 

Mono 

Clinton. 

Cook 

Allen 

Kosciusko 

Newton 

Cerro  Gordo.. , 

Humboldt. 

Monona 

Muscatine 

Pocahontas 

Wright, 

Har|)er 

Harvey 

Benzie -,,.. 

Berrien- 

Huron „ 

Lake 

Wabasha 

Scott 

Buchanan 

Vernon 

Asliland 

Logan 

SUrk- 

Wood 

Luzerne. 

Mercer 

Wayne , 

Williamsburg- 
Milwaukee 

McLeod 

Kandiyohi 

Martin 

Lincoln 

Lincoln 

Culcasiea 

Modoc...,„ 

Modoc -„-. 

Nevada. 

Columbia.. 

Calhoun 

Barbour 

Missaukee 

Wabasha 

Calhoun 

Pettis 

Bladen 

Blue  Earth 

Kandiyohi 

Becker 

Saginaw 

Lake .,-. 


Stete. 


Ohio.. 
Minn , 
Ark„, 

C«l 

Ga 

Ill 

HI 

Ind,.,. 
Iowa,, 
Ky  ,„. 

Me 

Me 

Midi. 

Mich.. 

Mo.„. 

N.  Y. 

N.Y. 

N.  C... 

Oliio. 

Ohio., 

Ohio.. 

Pa..„. 

Tenn.,- 

Tox,., 

Wis,,. 

Wis.. 

Tenn 

N.Y., 

Ind.,, 

Ind... 

Tenn 

HI... 

111... 

Pa... 

Blicb. 

Pa.,.. 

Ky ... 

N.  Mex 

Cal.. 

111... 

III... 

Ind. 

Ind. 

Ind. 

Iowa.... 

Iowa... 

Iowa... 

Iowa.. 

Iowa... 

Iowa... 

Kan.... 

Kan.... 

Mich.. 

Mich... 

Mich.... 

Mich.. 

Minn. 

Miss... 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa 

S.  0 

Wis...., 
Minn ., 
Minn . 
Minn .. 
Minn  . 
Minn. 

La. 

OhI 

Cal , 

Cal 

Fla  ... 
Iowa... 
Kan.... 
Mich... 
Minn.. 
Iowa... 

Mo 

N.  C... 
Minn  ., 
Minn., 
Minn  ., 
Mich... 
Ill 


824 


1  Since  1670,  araa  diminiihed. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  EETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Flace. 


Lake  Fork tp. 

Lake  Fremont tp. 

Luke  George tp. 

Liike  Grove p.T. 

Lake  lluuska tp. 

Litke  lleniiricks  ...tp. 

Lnke  Ileury tp. 

Iiakeldn  tp. 

Luke  Johauuu p.tp. 

Iiukelaod tp. 

Lakelaod p.v. 

Lakelaad tp. 

Lake  Landing p.tp. 

Lake  Lillian p.tp. 

Lake  Linden p.T. 

Lake  Marshall tp. 

Lake  Mary tp. 

Lake  Mills p.T. 

lake  Mills tp. 

Lake  Mills p.v. 

Lake  Park tp. 

Lake  Pleasant tp. 

Lake  Pleasant tp. 

Itfkeport p.T. 

Lakeport tp. 

Lakeport p.T. 

Lakeport p.li. 

Lake  Prairie tp. 

Lake  Prairie tp. 

Lake  Itidge p.l>. 

Lake  Sarah tp. 

Lake  Shore. tp. 

I.akeaide tp. 

liakeside tp. 

Ikikeside p.b. 

Lakeside  Station  ...p. v. 

Liike  Stay p.tp. 

Laketon p.T. 

Iiaketon tp. 

Lakotown tp. 

litketown tp. 

Laketown p.T. 

Lakctown tp. 

Lnke  Valley p.tp. 

Lake  Valley h. 

Lake  View_ p.tp. 

Lakeview p.T. 

LakcTiew tp. 

LakoTiew p.T. 

Lake  Village p.T. 

Lake  Village p.h. 

Lakeville pJi. 

Lakeville p.T. 

Lakeville p.tp, 

Lakeville -.pint. 

Lakeville p.tp, 

Lakeville p.h. 

Lakeville tp. 

Lakeville p.T. 

Lakeville p.T. 

Lakewood p.h. 

Lake  Zurich ...p.T. 

Lakin tp. 

Lakin tp. 

La  Luz „T. 

Lamar p.b. 

Lamar ^....tp. 

Lamar „m p.T. 

Lamar ^ p.tp, 

Lamar p.T. 

la  Mard tp. 

Ltimar  Station p.h. 

Lumartine p.tp. 

Lamiisco 

l-amberton... 
Lambertou... 
Lambertville 
Lanibsburg.., 

Lamb's  Corners p.h 

La  Dline p.tp. 

L;»moille tp. 

Lamoille p.T. 

L.imoille p.T. 

La  Moin tp. 

Lanioi  iie „ p.tp. 

Lamoiit p.T. 

La  Monte tp. 

1a  Slonte p.T. 

I,ia  Motte tp. 

La  Motte p.T. 

1*  Motte p.tp. 


..p.h. 

...tp. 

...p.T. 

...p.T, 

...p.h 


CoHQty. 


Logan 

Martin 

Stearns.„ 

Suffolk 

Brown 

Lincoln 

Stearns 

Polk 

Pope 

Washington 

Washington 

Barron 

Hyde _ 

Kandiyohi 

llongliton 

Lyon 

Douglas 

Winnebago 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Becker 

Polk 

Hamilton 

Lake 

Woodlmry_ 

St.  Clair„ „. 

Madison 

Marion.„ 

Nicollet 

Tompkins 

Murray 

Lac  Qui  Parle.. 

Muskegon 

Cottonwood 

Ottawa 

Lake 

Lincoln 

AVabash 

Muskegon 

Allegan 

Carver 

Rich 

Polk 

EI  Dorado 

Placer 

Cook 

Montcalm 

Becker 

Lake 

Newton- 

Natchitoches  ... 

Sononm ., 

Litchfield 

Dickinson , 

Penobscot 

Plymouth 

Oakland 

Dakota 

Dakota 

Livingston 

Shelby 

Lnke , 

Barton 

Harvey , 

Donna  Ana 

Marshall 

Burton m.., 

Barton «...., 

Clinton- 

Aransas , 

Wayne , 

Nodaway 

Fond  du  Lac..., 

Lyon 

Redwood 

Redwood. 

Hunterdon 

Carroll 

Broome 

Cooper 

Bureau 

Bureau 

Marshall 

McDonough-.. 

Hancock 

Ottawa 

Petti.s 

Pettis 

Crawford 

Jackson 

Sanilac..... 


State. 


Ill 

Minn ... 
Minn  ... 

N.  Y 

Minn... 
.Minn  ... 
Minn... 
Minn  ... 
Minn ... 
Minn  ... 
Minn ... 

WU 

N.  C 

Minn... 
Mich.... 
Slinn... 
Minn... 
Iowa.... 

Wis 

Wis 

Minn... 
Minn... 

N.  Y 

Cal 

Iowa.... 
Mich.... 

N.  y 

Iowa.... 
Minn... 

N.  Y 

Minn ... 

Mian ... 

Mich.... 

Minn 

Ohio.. 

Ind... 

Minn 

Ind... 

Mich.... 

Mich.... 

Minn 

Utah. 

Wis.- 

Cal ... 

Cal ... 

Ill 

Mich. 
Minn 
Oregon. 

Ind 

La 

Cal 

Conn ... 
Iowa.... 

Me 

Mass  ... 
Mich..., 
Minn .., 
Minn .., 

N.  y 

Ill 

in 

Kan 

Kan 

N.  Mex 

Miss 

Mo , 

Mo 

Pa 

Tex 

Ill- , 

Mo 

Wis.-.. 

Ky 

Minn .. 
Minn .. 

N.J 

Va. 

N.  Y.... 

Mo , 

111 

HI 

Iowa... 

Ill 

Me 

Mich... 

Mo 

Mo 

Ill 

Iowa... 
Mich... 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


2id 


219 
695 


2,235 
238 


1,509 
590 


318 
248 


134 

4,958 

828 


1,039 

660 

1,039 


1,811 


108 
1,159 


1,611 


1,391 


1,349 
*i',367 


3,842 


1,1 
1,408 


1,167 
612 


184 
1,988 


94 


431 
165 
185 
398 
336 
218 
S46 
125 
253 
732 
303 
77 

3,013 
283 

2,610 
265 
331 
414 

1,668 
671 
629 
164 
343 
562 
436 
146 
91 

3,714 

1,241 

84 

217 

349 

1,702 
357 
67 
170 
172 
206 
918 
910 

1,056 

170 

461 

71 

20 

6,565 
699 
179 
270 
133 
27 
46 
811 
114 
136 

1,008 
81 
802 
1G8 
151 
72 
146 

1,216 

455 

249 

61 

2,209 
907 

1,524 
129 

1,301 
83 

1,378 
49 
224 
149 

4,183 
91 
83 

1,193 

l,;i91 
488 
120 

1,290 
749 
261 

1,263 
396 

1,888 
161 
301 


Place. 


Lampasas p.T. 

Lampeter p.T. 

Lanark p.T. 

Lanark tp. 

Lancaster h. 

Lancaster tp. 

Lancaster tp. 

Lancaster t. 

Lancaster .....tp. 

Lancaster tp. 

Lancaster p.T. 

Lancaster T. 

Lancaster tp. 

Lancaster P-tp. 

Lancaster tp. 

Lancaster p.h. 

Lancaster p.T. 

Lancaster p.tp. 

Lauca,ster i>.t. 

Lancaster- tp. 

Lancaster p.T. 

Lancaster tp. 

Lancaster p.T. 

Lancaster c. 

Lancaster tp. 

Lancaster c. 

Lancaster tp. 

Lancaster p.T. 

Lancaster tp. 

Lancaster p.T. 

Lancaster  C.  H p.T. 

Lancaster  C.  H p.h. 

Lancha  Plana p.T. 

Land tp. 

Landaffl _.tp. 

Landeck p.T. 

Landenhurg p.T. 

Lander p.T. 

Lander p.T. 

LandersTlUe p.h. 

LandgroTe...- p.tp. 

Landingville p.T. 

I.andis ^>. 

Landisbtirg p.b. 

Landisville p.T, 

Landsford p.tp. 

Lane ........p.h. 

Lane tp. 

Lane p.T. 

Lane tp. 

Lanesbo  rough p.tp. 

Lanesborough p.T, 

Lanesltorough p.tp. 

Lanesborough p.T, 

Lanesburg tp. 

Lane's  Crock p.tp. 

LanesTille p.T. 

Lanesville  .„ p.T. 

LaneTille t. 

Langdon p.tp. 

Langdon p.tp. 

Landsford tp. 

Langhei p.tp. 

Laiighorne p.b. 

Langlade p.tp. 

Langley p.T. 

Langley p.T. 

Langoln tp. 

Langs  ton p.T. 

Langville T. 

Langworthy p.h. 

Lanier tp. 

Lanigen's - T. 

Lankford p.h. 

Landsdale p.b. 

L'Anse tp. 

L'Anse p.T. 

Lansford p.b. 

Lansing p.T. 

Lansing tp. 

Lansing c. 

Lansing p.T. 

Lansing c 

Lansing tp. 

Lansing tp. 

Lansing p.T. 

Lansing tp. 

Lansingburg tp. 

Lansingbnrg p.T. 

LansingTllle p.T. 

Laona tp. 


County. 


Lampasas 

Lancaster...... 

Carroll 

Portage 

Peoria 

Stephenson 

Wabash 

Wabash 

Huntingdon... 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Owen 

Wells _... 

Keokuk 

Atchison 

Atchison 

Garrard 

Worcester 

Schuyler 

Coos 

Coos 

Erie 

Erie 

Fairfield 

Butler. 

Lancaster , 

Lancaster 

Dallas 

Grant 

Grant 

Lancaster 

Lancaster , 

Amador 

Grant 

Grafton 

Allen 

Chester 

Warren 

Sweetwater.... 

Lawrence 

Bennington-., 

Schuylkill 

Cumberland-., 

Perry 

Lancaster-.... 

Chester 

De  Witt 

Warrick 

Franklin 

Greenwood ..... 
Berkshire-...., 

Fillmore 

Anson 

Susquehanna.. 

Le  Sueur.„ 

Union 

Harrison 

Essex 

Armstrong 

Reno 

Sullivan 

Chester 

Pope 

Bucks 

Lnnglude-. 

Aiken 

Fairfax 

Benton »., 

Montcalm , 

Yolo 

Jones 

Preble 

Schuylkill 

Kent 

Montgomery... 

Baraga ~. 

Bamga... 

Carbon 

Cook 

Allamakee .... 
Allamakee .... 
Leavenworth. 

Ingham 

Ingham 

Mower 

Mower 

Tompkins 

Rensselaer .... 
Rensselaer .... 

Tompkins 

Winnebago..... 


State. 

Popniatlon. 

1870. 

1880. 

Tex 

Pa 

65» 
191 

Ill 

Wis.-... 
Ill 

972 
471 

1,198 

663 

81 

Ill 

IIL 

Ill 

986 
956 

1,172 

1,002 

182 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

1,492 
1,442 

1,782 

l,!i07 

119 

Ind 

360 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

1,381 

1,525 

909 

1,806 

1,306 

1,321 

76 

Ky.„.... 
Mass.... 

Mo 

N.  H.... 
N.  n 

741 
1,845 

427 
2,248 

1,234 
2,008 

528 
2,721 
1,409 
3,944 
1,603 
6,803 
1,070 
25,769 
1,261 

497 

N.Y 

N.Y 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa 

Tex 

4,336 
1,697 
4,725 
l,tt53 
20,2:  J3 
1.062 

Wis 

Wis 

2,716 

2,810 

1,069 

681 

79 

S.  C 

Va 

691 

Cal 

163 

Minn ... 
N.  H.... 
Ohio 

882 

213 
60« 
100 

Pa 

353 

Pa 

123 

Wy 

Ala 

193 
67 

Vt 

Pa 

302 

240 

712 

N.J 

Pa 

Pa 

7,079 
369 

6,005 
336 
250 

S.  C 

HI 

2,400 

2,045 
9S 

Ind 

Kan 

870 

1,105 
ICS 

Kan 

Mass.... 
Minn ... 

N.  C 

Pa 

320 
1,.'?93 

C55 
1,293 

394 
1,288 
1,032 
2,041 

348 

SUnn  ... 

N.  C 

Ind 

Mass.... 
Pa 

1,123 

1,.S75 

157 

1,037 
2,503 
280 
827 
208 
66S 

N.  II.... 

S.  C 

Minn ... 
Pa 

411 
2,400 

364 

2,646 

297 

658 

WU.-... 
s.  C 

368 

800 

Va 

Minn... 
Mich.... 

"85 

103 
312 
124 

Cul 

151 

78 

Ohio 

Pa 

1,634 

1,909 
487 

Md 

19 

Pa 

798 

Mich.... 
Mich  ... 



1.184 
1,014 
2,206 

Pa    

Ill 

218 

Iowa.... 
Iowa. ... 
Kan 

2,519 
1,755 

2,723 

1,811 

933 

Mich.-. 
Mich.... 
Minn  ... 
Minn  ... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

NY.. 

5,241 
823 
773 

'"2,874 
6,804 
6,372 

8,319 

1,209 

6.i2 

144 

3,000 

7,759 

7,432 

133 

Ill 

742 

743 

1  In  1876.  part  to  Eaaton. 


825 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Plaot. 


Oonnty. 


SUte. 


Population. 


1»70.      1880. 


PIm*. 


County. 


Tm  Otto ..^......p.T. 

La  rHln. tp. 

Lapata. - t. 

Lnpatcong tp. 

La  I'ax p.h. 

Lapeer tp. 


Lapeer, 

Lapeer 

La  Phice 

IaPIhU 

La  Plata 

LaPoIiite. 

La  Porte 

La  Porte p.h, 

La  Porte c. 

La  Porte p.r. 

La  Porte p.h. 

La  Porte p.h. 

La  Purte tp. 

La  Porte >...p.b. 

La  Pmlrie p. v. 

La  Prairie tp. 

La  Prairie tp. 

Laptrai „ p.r. 

Larabee p.T. 

Lammie  City p.r. 

Larcliwood- p.h. 

Laredo _ p.r. 

Larlmor tp. 

LariBsa ~ p.T. 

Larktn _ tp. 

Larkinsburg tp. 

Larksville p.r. 

Lamed tp. 


.p.T. 
.p.T. 
.tp. 
.p.T. 
..p.T. 


Lomod 

La  Rose 

Larniboe. 

Larue 

LarM-m , 

La  Salle tp. 

La  Salle c, 

La  Salle p.tp. 

La  Salle p.T. 

Los  Animas p.h. 

Los  Colonins p.T. 

La  Siciir' tp. 

Laaaellsrillo p.T. 

Lassen ....tp. 

Las  Truchas t. 

Latcha... p.h. 

Latham p.T. 

Latham p.h. 

Lathrop p.h. 

Lathrop tp. 

Lathrop p.T. 

Lathrop p.tp. 

Latimt^rTille- h. 

Latimore p.tp. 

Latrobe p.T. 

Latrobe p.b. 

Lattoslmrg.. p.T. 

IiattaTi  He.... h. 

Lattimor.- t. 

Lattlngtown t. 

Latty tp. 

liaubach h. 

Lanckport t. 

Lauderdale  Station.p.T. 

Langheiy tp. 

Lauramie tp. 

LauraTiUe p.T. 

Laurel.. p.T. 

I^nrel tp. 

Laurel p.T. 

Laurel p.r. 

Laurel - tp. 

Laurel.- p.T. 

Laurel. tp. 

Laurel  Creek.- tp. 

Laurel  Hill -t. 

Lanrcl  Hill tp. 

Laurel  Hill r. 

Laurel  Hill t. 

LanrelTllle p.T. 

Laurens tp. 

LiUirens p.T. 

liHurens tp. 

Laurens  0  U p.r. 

Lanrin -p.h. 

Lanrinburp p.T. 

Laury's  Station p.T. 


Noble 

San  Diego- 

Ulster 

Warren , 

Hnrahall , 

Lapeer 

Lnpeer 

Cortland 

Piatt 

Mooon 

Macon 

Ashland 

Plumas.- 

Larimer- 

La  Porta 

Black  Hawk.... 

Wayne 

Lorain 

SulliTan 

SulliTan 

Adams 

Marshall 

Eock 

Nez  Perces 

McKean 

Albany 

Lyon _ 

Webb 

Somerset 

Cherokee 

Midland 

Clay 

Luzerne 

Pawnee- 

Pawnee 

Mamhall 

Waupaca 

Marion 

Whitley 

La  Salle 

La  Salle 

Monroe 

Niagara 

Bi-nt 

San  Miguel 

New  Madrid 

Fulton , 

Tehama 

Rio  Arriba 

Wood 

Logan 

Pike 

Delta 

Clinton -... 

Clinton 

Susquehanna... 

Marion 

Adams 

El  Dorado 

Westmoreland.. 

Wayne , 

Ross 

Luzerne 

Queens 

Paulding 

Northampton  .- 

Wood 

Lauderdale 

Ripley 

Tippecanoe 

Baltimore- 

Sussex 

Franklin 

Franklin , 

Prince  George's 

Ashe 

Clennont.- , 

Hocking 

Watauga 

Fulton 

Richmond 

Providence , 

Lanxence 

Hocking 

Otsego 

Otsego 

Laurens 

Laurens 

Madisun 

Richmond 

Lehigh.- 


Ind 

Cai 

N.  Y-.. 
N.  J.... 

Ind 

Mioh... 
Mioh.., 
N.  Y-. 

Ill 

Mo , 

Mo , 

Wis-.. 

Cal 

Col 

Ind 

Iowa. . 
Neb-.. 
Ohio... 

Pa. 

Pa 

Ill 

Ill 

Wis.... 
Idaho. 

Pa 

Wyom 
Iowa.. 
Tex.... 

Pa 

Tex-.. 
Mich.. 

Ill 

Ptt 

Kan... 
Kan  -. 

Ill 

Wis.... 
Ohio... 
Ind.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Mich.., 

N.y... 

Col 

N.  Mex. 

Mo 

N.  Y 

Col 

N.Mex 

Ohio 

Ill 

Ohio 

Mich.... 

Mo , 

Mo 

Pa. 

Ohio 

Pa 

CbI 

Pa 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Pa 

W.Va.. 

Miss 

Ind 

Ind 

Md 

Del , 

Ind 

Ind 

Md 

N.  0 

Ohio 

Ohio 

N.  C 

Ill 

N.  C„... 

R.  I 

Tenn  ... 

Ohio 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

S.C 

S.O 

Mon  .... 

N.C 

Pa>...... 


120 
"i.Vftb 


1,092 

1,772 

736 


1,666 
646 


6,681 


630 
146 


1,400 
867 


2,046 
951 


6,4,52 
6,200 
1,392 


2,004 
240 


1,782 
623 
983 


1,230 
T,127 


1,874 
2,444 

'i',086 
1,942 

741 
1,148 

456 

126 
1,34:1 

686 


2,127 


1,919 

"'4,289 


194 

429 

128 

1,591 

84 

1,168 

2,9U 

767 

144 

1,289 

629 

269 

274 

62 

6,196 

1,006 

63 

96 

672 

192 

2;m 

1,206 
819 
166 
200 

2,696 
43 

3,621 
618 
173 
210 

1,179 
464 

1,842 

1,066 
125 

1,386 
614 
606 

8,987 

7.847 

1,506 
197 
52 
148 

1,686 
142 
679 
220 
91 
251 
70 
32 

2,283 
746 

1,054 
03 

1,282 
108 

1,815 
126 
62 
784 
200 
609 
63 
168 
266 

1,930 

2,381 
197 

1,022 

1,865 
670 

1,206 
772 
138 

1,292 
887 
240 

2,487 
340 
199 
166 

1,827 
252 

4,687 

752 

60 

908 

184 


Lanrytown -...t. 

Lausanne tp. 

LaTalle tp. 

LaTallo p.T. 

LaTansTlUe p.T. 

La  Yontana t. 

La  Veta p.T. 

LoTilla- T. 

LaTonia p.h. 

Lawler p.T. 

Lawndale -....p.T. 

Lawndale tp. 

Lawrence tp. 

Lawrence tp. 

Lowrence p.r. 

Lawrence »..tp. 

Lawrence.. o. 

LaAvrence tp. 

Lawrence c. 

Lawrence tp. 

Lawrence p.T. 

Lawrence tp. 

Lawrence tp. 

Lawrence tp. 

Lawrence tp. 

Lawrence tp. 

Lawrence tp. 

Lawrence p.tp 

Lawrence tp. 

Lawrence tp. 

Lawrence tp. 

Lawrenceburg c. 

Lawrenceburg tp. 

Lawrenceburg p.T. 

Lawrenceburg p.h. 

Lawrenceburg p.T. 

Lawronceport h. 

Lawroncoville p.T. 

Lawrenceville p.T. 

Lawrenceville p.T. 

Lawrencoville p.T. 

LawrenceTiile p.h. 

Lawrencoville t. 

Lawrenceville p.b. 

Lawrenceville p.T. 

Laws tp. 

Lawson p.T. 

I.>awsonham p.T. 

Lawtey p.T. 

Lawton p.T. 

Lawton tp. 

Lawtonville p.  v. 

Laynesville p.v. 

Layton tp. 

Lazearville h. 

Leacock p.tp. 

Lead  Citj* p.T. 

Lead  Hill p.T. 

Leadville c. 

Leaf  Lake tp. 

Leaf  Mountain p.tp. 

Leaf  River -...tp. 

Leaf  River.- p.tp. 

Leaf  Valley p.tp, 

Leaksville tp. 

Leaksville p.T. 

Leaksville p.h. 

Leary's _ p.r. 

Leaslmrg ph. 

Leasburg p.tp. 

Leatherwood h. 

Leavenworth p.r. 

Leavenworth o. 

Leavenworth p.tp. 

Leavenworth tp. 

Leavitt tp. 

Leavittsburg p.v, 

Lebanon ph, 

Lebanon p.tp. 

Lebanon p.v. 

Lebanon p.v. 

Lebanon p.T. 

Lebanon p.h. 

Lebanon p.T. 

Lebanon p.tp, 

Lebanon tp. 

Lebanon * tp. 

Lebanon*- tp. 

Lebanon t. 

Lebanon tp. 

Lebanon...- p.T. 


Carbon  

Carbon 

Sauk 

Sauk 

Somerset 

Borualillo 

Huerfano.- 

Duval 

Franklin 

Cliickosaw , 

Lngan 

Mcl<ean , 

lAwrence 

Marion 

Marion 

Cloud 

Dougloa , 

Osborne 

Essex 

Van  Buren , 

Van  Buren 

Grant , 

Mercer , 

St.  Lawrence..... 

Lawrence 

Stark 

Tuscni-awas 

Washington 

Clearfield 

Tioga 

Brown 

Dearborn 

Dearborn 

Anderson 

Lawrence 

Lawrence 

Lawrence 

Gwinnett 

Ijawrenco 

Dearborn 

St.  Lawrence ... 

Clark 

Chester 

Tioga 

Brunswick 

Williamsburg... 

Ray 

Clarion 

Bradford 

Van  Buren 

Hampton 

Burke 

Saline 

Pottawattamie. 

Brooke 

Lancaster 

Lawrence 

Booiio 

Lake 

Otter  Tail 

Otter  Tail 

Ogle 

Wadena 

Douglas 

Rockingham  ... 
Rockingham  ..., 

Page , 

Calhoun 

Crawford 

Caswell , 

Ohio 

Crawford 

Leoven  worth.... 

Brown , 

Darlington 

Oceana 

Trumbull 

De  Kail 

New  London  .... 

Kent 

St.  Clair 

Boone 

Van  Buren , 

Blarion 

York 

Clinton 

Dakota 

Cooper 

Cooper 

Laclede 

Laclede 


Pa- 

Pa 

Wis 

Wis.-.., 

Pa. 

N.Mex 

Col , 

Fla 

Ga. 

Iowa..., 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind , 

Ind 

Kan.... 

Kan 

Kan..,., 
Mass.— 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn  .. 

N.  J 

N.  y 

Ohio 

Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

Pa 

Wis 

Ind 

Ind 

Ky 

Mo 

Tenn  .. 

Ind 

Ga 

Ill 

Ind 

N.  Y„.. 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

Pa 

Va 

S.C 

Mo 

Pa 

Fla 

Mich... 

S.C 

Ga 

Mo 

lown... 
W.  Va.. 

Pa 

Dak 

Ark , 

Col 

Minn.. 
Minn  .. 

Ill 

Minn  .. 
Minn  .. 
N.C-.. 
N.  C.-.. 

Va 

Ga 

Mo 

N.C 

W.  Va.. 

Ind 

Kan  -.. 
Minn  .. 

S.O 

Mich..., 

Ohio 

Ala 

Conn ... 

Del 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa..., 

Ky 

Me 

Mich.... 
Minn... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 


826 


1  In  1874,  part  to  Portage. 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


POPULATION  OP  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  KETURNS  OP  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


tiebanon tp. 

Lebanon p.  v. 

I/ebauoul tp. 

Lebanon p.  v. 

Lebanon tp. 

Lebanon p.v. 

Lebanon. tp. 

Lebanon tp. 

Lebanon ▼. 

Lebanon p.  v. 

Lebanon p.  v. 

Lebanon p.b. 

Lebiiuon tp. 

Lebanon p.T. 

^^banon p.  v. 

Lebanon ,p.tp, 

Lebanon tp. 

Lebanon  Junctiou.p.v. 

Leboenf. p.tp. 

Leclaire tp. 

Leclaire p.T 

Lecompton _tp. 

Lecompton -.p.v, 

Ledbetter p.v. 

Ledge  Dale p.v, 

Ledyard p.tp. 

Ledyani p.tp. 

Lee tp. 

Lee tp. 

Lee tp. 

Lee »>. p.T. 

Lee tp. 

Lee tp. 

Lee n. tp. 

Lee » p.tp, 

Lee p.tp. 

Lee ..p.tp. 

Lee tp. 

Lee> ~ ~.tp. 

liee p.tp. 

,Iiee p.tp. 

■—." Ptp. 

tp. 

tp. 

tp- 

iCeutre tp. 

I  Centre p.v. 

Lee  Centre p.r. 

Leech tp. 

LeecUburg p.b. 

.LeecliTille p.h. 

sds p.tp. 

ids p.v. 

~..tp. 

P.tp. 

iBville h. 

!f. tp. 

sleuaw tp. 

smont p.T. 

^enthrop tp. 

"    spertown tp, 

■       tp- 

iburg p.v. 

•burg p.T. 

sburg. p.T. 

|»<eeiburg p.T. 

Plieesburg h. 

.Iieesbarg p.T. 

'~  iesbiirg v. 

Jesburg p.T. 

sesburg tp. 

sesburg p.v. 

Bsburg p.T. 

esburg p.T. 

jjliee's  Crosa  Iload8..p,T. 

Iliee'g  Mills p.tp. 

giee's  Summit p.v. 

9e8viUe p.h. 

Besville _p.T. 

ssvillo „.tp. 

!e8ville _.p.h. 

Betville.... ,.T. 

isville ,p.T. 

Jt „.....tp. 

itonia p.T. 

^tonia p.T. 

ston _i. 

sft  Hand p.T. 

sgett „..tp. 

Grand ..tp. 

Qrand ..p.v. 


County. 


Grafton. 

Grafton 

Hunterdon 

Hunterdon 

Madison 

Madison 

Orange 

Meigs 

Monroe... 

Warren 

Linn 

LelMnon 

Wayne 

Wilson 

BuBsell.. 

Dodge 

Waupaca 

Bullitt 

Erie 

Scott - 

Scott 

Douglas 

Douglas 

Fayette- 

Wayne 

New  London .... 

Cayuga 

Sacramento—.... 

Brown 

Fulton 

Lee „ 

Buena  Vista..... 

Franklin 

Madison 

Penobscot 

Berkshire 

Allegan 

Calhoun 

Platte 

Strafford 

Oneida 

Athens , 

Carroll 

Monroe „.. 

Williamsburg-. 

Lee 

Lee 

Oneida , 

Wayne „.... 

Armstrong 

Beaufort 

A  n  droscoggi  n... . 

Hampshire , 

Murray 

Columbia- „, 

Monmouth 

Madison 

Leelenaw , 

Accomack- , 

Chippewa- 

Bureau - 

Columbus , 

Sumter.- 

Lee , 

Kosciusko , 

Harrison 

Cameron 

Cumberland 

Carroll 

Highland 

Union 

Mercer 

Camp- , 

Loudoun 

Cumberland ...... 

Washington- 

Jackson- , 

Colusa -. 

Lawrence , 

Henry 

Henry 

Crawford 

Lexington _.. 

Alleghany 

Columbiana-., 

Tioga , 

Sumter. 

Boulder- 

Marion 

Marshall 

Marshall 


State. 


N.  H.... 
N.  H.... 
N.  J-... 

N.J 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  C — 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Oregon, 

Pa 

Pa. 

Tenn ... 

Va 

Wis 

Wis. 

Ky 

Pa 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan-.- 

Tex. 

Pa 

Conn..- 
N.Y- 
Cal ... 
III-... 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa. 

low^a. 

Iowa. 

Mo.... 

Mass. 

Mich.... 

Mich.-. 

Mo 

N.  H.... 
N.  Y-.„ 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

8.  0 

Ill 

Ill 

N.Y-... 

Ill 

Pa. 

N.  C 

Me 

Mass.... 
Minn... 

Wis 

N.J 

Ill 

MicU..- 

Va 

Minn ... 

Ill 

N.  0 

Fla 

Ga 

Ind 

Ky 

La 

N.  J 

Ohio-... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Tex 

Va. . 

Pa. 

N.  C — 

Mo 

Cal 

Ind 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio — 

S.O 

Pa. 

Ohio 

Pa 

Ga. 

Col 

S.  0 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 


Population. 


1870.     1880. 


3,094 
"3,661" 


1,823 

124 

2,749 


6,727 
628 

2,073 
209 

1,621 
657 


1,748 

1,940 

1,09.1 

971 


1,39; 
2,221 
376 
1,560 
1,296 

""302 


426 

960 
3,866 

249 
1,123 
2,290 

770 
2,666 
1,146 

901 
1,114 
1,181 
1,028 


355 

1,268 

368 


1,288 


1,093 


629 
830 


387 
631 


320 
144 


608 
1,410 


1,144 

T,622 


629 
1,200 


1,365 
1,537 


3,364 

1,954 

2,699 
313 

1,586 
157 
804 

2,020 
99 

2,703 
270 

8,778 
690 

2,296 
244 

1,580 
843 
116 

1,420 

1,870 

1,061 

1,004 
284 
147 
179 

1,373 

2,199 
618 

1,466 

1,092 
218 
393 
411 
766 
894 

3,9,39 
654 

1,225 

1,117 
715 

2,360 

1,086 
933 

1,241 

1,619 
984 
245 
320 

1,231 

1,123 
69 

1,194 
931 
213 

1,157 
63 
919 

1,016 
124 
387 
450 

1,148 
200 
368 
354 
107 
81 
473 
408 
613 

1,652 
118 
224 

1,726 
135 

2,218 
693 
36 
113 

1,253 
70 
213 
177 
890 

2,552 

195 

97 

425 

1,612 

1,906 
341 


Place. 


Lehl  City p.v. 

Lehigh fp. 

Lehigh tp. 

Leiiigh tp. 

Lehigh  Tannery  ....p.T. 

Lchighton p.b. 

Lehman p.tp, 

Lehman tp. 

Leicester tp. 

Leicester p.v, 

Leicester tp. 

Leicester tp. 

Leicester p.T, 

Leicester p.tp. 

Leidy .tp. 

Leigh p.h, 

Lelghton p.T, 

Leighton h. 

Lelghton .p.T, 

Lelghton tp. 

Leipelville t. 

Leiperville .v. 

Leipsic .....p.T, 

Leipsic -..p.T, 

Leitchfleld p.T. 

Leitersburg p.T. 

Leithville t. 

Leland -.p.T, 

Leland tp. 

Leland -,p.T. 

Le  Loup p.h, 

Lemars p.v. 

Lemington p.tp. 

Lemley's p.tp. 

Lemon p.tp. 

Lemon p.tp. 

Lemond p.tp. 

Lemont - tp. 

Lemon  t p.v. 

Lemon  weir tp. 

Lemonweir h. 

Lenioore tp. 

Lemoore p.v. 

Lempster tp. 

Lempster p.h. 

Lena p.T. 

Lena p.T. 

Lena v. 

Lonape -p.h. 

Lenhartsville p.v. 

Lenker^ille v. 

Lenni  Mills p.v. 

Lennox p.h. 

Leno p.h. 

Lenoir -.tp. 

Lenoir p.v. 

Lenoir  In8titute....tp. 

Lenoir's p.v. 

Lenora p.h. 

Lcnora p.v. 

Lenox tp. 

Lenox tp. 

Lenox p.v. 

Lenox -..tp. 

Lenox p.v. 

Lenox p.tp. 

Lenox p.tp. 

Lenox p.tp. 

Lenox p.tp. 

Lenoxburg -.p.b. 

LenoxviUe p.T. 

Lent -.tp. 

Leo. p.T. 

Leola tp. 

Leominster p.tp. 

Leon p.T. 

Leon T. 

Leon tp. 

Leon tp. 

Leon -....p.T. 

Leon p.T. 

Leon p.tp. 

Leon tp. 

Leona - p.h. 

LeonardsTille .p.T. 

Leonard  town -.p.T. 

LeonI p.tp. 

Leonia -.p.v. 

Lconidas- tp. 

Leoniilas -.p.v. 

Leopold tp. 


Connty. 


Utah 

Carbon 

Lackawanna 

Northampton 

Carbon 

Carbon 

Luzerne 

Pike, 

Worcester- 

Worcester- 

Livingston 

Buncombe 

Buncombe. , 

Addison 

Clinton-. 

Colfax 

Colbert.- 

Lawrence- , 

Mahaska 

Allegan 

Schuylkill ..., 

Delaware 

Kent 

Putnam- 

Grayson 

Washington 

Northampton 

La  Salle 

Leelenaw 

Leelenaw 

Franklin 

Plymouth 

Essex- 

Mecklenburg 

Butler 

Wyoming- 

Steele 

Cook 

Cook 

Juneau- 

Juneau 

Tulare 

Tulare 

Sullivan 

Sullivan 

Stephenson 

Parke 

Miami 

Leavenworth 

Berks 

Dauphin 

Delaware 

Lincoln- 

Columbia.- -.. 

Caldwell 

Caldwell 

Lenoir 

Loudon- 

Norton 

Fillmore 

Warren 

Iowa 

Taylor 

Berkshire 

Berkshire 

Macomb. 

Madison. 

Ashtabula 

Susquehanna 

Bracken 

Susquohauna 

Chisago- 

Allen 

Adams 

Worcester 

Decatur- 

Butler 

Goodhue 

Cattaraugus 

Cattaraugus -. 

Mason 

Monroe 

Waushara. 

Doniphan 

Madison 

St.  Mary's- 

Jackson 

Bergen 

St.  Joseph 

St.  Joseph- 

Perry 


State. 


Utah.,.. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa- 

Pa. 

Mass..- 

Mass.,.. 

N.  Y 

N,  C 

N.  C-,.. 

Vt- 

Pa. 

Neb.-.., 

Ala 

Ala 

Iowa..., 

Mich,,,. 

Pa 

Pa 

Del 

Ohio-... 

Ky 

Md 

Pa 

Ill 

Mich..- 

Mich..- 

Kan 

Iowa.... 

Vt 

N.  C 

Ohio-... 

Pa 

Minn.- 

Ill 

Ill 

Wis 

Wis 

Cal 

Cal 

N.  H.... 

N.  H.-. 

111-.. 

Ind.. 

Ohio 

Kan, 

Pa-.. 
Pa.... 
Pa.... 
Dakota, 

Fla 

N.  C 

N.  C 

N.  C 

Tenn  ,.. 
Kan  -„. 
Minn  ,„ 

III 

Iowa.,.. 
Iowa.... 
Mass.... 
Mass.... 
Mich.-. 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Pa 

Ky 

Pa 

Minn  .- 

Ind 

Wis. 

Mass.-. 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Minn.- 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

W.  Va- 

Wis 

Wis 

Kan-... 

N.  Y 

MU 

Mlch..„ 

N.  J 

Mlch..- 
Mich.,., 
Ind 


Population. 


1870,      1880, 


674 
3,496 

"*r,488 

799 

832 

2,768 


1,744 
2,180 


630 
615 


1,206 


191 
971 

6,242 
631 
417 

3,673 


1,947 


1,294 


2,0.54 
446 


948 
445 


1.9C6 


2,134 

9,816 

752 

1,761 


185 

8,894 

820 


970 
1,201 


1,241 
869 


486 
1,376 


1,-I63 


1,490 
36 
196 

8,338 
3U2 

1,9:<7 
940 
812 

2,779 
709 

1,679 

2,838 
642 
634 
683 
64 
196 
83 
14S 

1,360 
112 
472 
407 
681 
491 
808 
136 
653 
874 
S9t 
60 

1,895 
222 

1,49a 

6,775 
668 
648 

3,798 

2,108 

1,011 
68 

1,744 
463 
C02 
79 

1,620 
109 
1.53 
78 
161 
167 
836 
89 
15 

1,789 
422 

1,087 
236 
31 
100 
992 
496 
615 

2,043 
664 

2,516 

10,246 

820 

1,730 
69 
108 
175 
166 
238 

6,772 

1,367 
113 

i,i;{8 

1,192 
193 
127 
748 
768 
135 
Zit 
46S 

1,657 
266 

1,613 
141 
890 


1  In  1871,  part  to  Hish  Bridge. 


*  Since  1870,  area  redao6d. 


827 


POPULATION  OP  TUB  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


PUo*. 


Ii«opol(l ^, 

Lwln... ».„..., 
beota....^^.... 

L«  Rttjr^ ^. 

Le  ItH)'flrilla... 
Le  lUivsviUe.. 

L«  Koy 

Lerojr 

l«](o7 „... 

I^  Roy  .......... 

Le  Roy 

L*  Roy 

I*  Roy.......... 

LeRoy.. 


vr- 

Pb- 

tp. 

tp. 

tp. 

Pl'. 

P.b. 

tp. 

P»- 

P.l«. 

tp- 

tp. 

Ptp. 

tp. 

.P.T. 


1*  Roy ~tp. 

L0  Roy.......... p.tp. 

!.«  Roy- ..........tp. 

I<e  Roy p.T, 

La  Roy-., 
LeRoyJ., 
lie  Roy..., 
ha  Roy.... 
L«Roy„ 


CoMoty. 


.tp. 

..tp. 
..p.v. 

,.t^ 
,.p.ii. 

lit  Roy p.tp. 

La  Roy....... tp. 

Le  Roy p.b. 

La  Roy ......p.tp. 

La  Roy »....tp. 

La  Sauk tp. 

Laslie.......... tp. 

Le8llo....„.............p.T. 

Lulie tp. 

Lessor tp. 

Lester.. .„... tp. 

Lestor p.h. 

Letter's p.h. 

Lpstorrille tp. 

La  Siiour— p.b. 

Le  Sueur  Centre  ...p.li. 

Letart tp. 

Lctart  Falls p.v. 

Letobatchee p.h. 

Lettorkeouy tp. 

Letts „ p.v. 

Lerau tp. 

Levan p.v, 

Levaona -.p.  v. 

Levant. p.tp. 

Levoe ....tp. 

Levee ....p.h. 

Level p.h. 

Leven tp. 

Leverett p.tp. 

Levering p.v. 

Levey _ .....tp. 

Levick'g  Mills p.h. 

Levis tp. 

Lewes <t  Kehobotli.hnd. 

Lewinsville pJi. 

Lewis tp. 

Lewis p.v. 

Lewis tp. 

Lewis tp. 

Lewis tp. 

Lewis p.b. 

Lewis tp. 

Lewis tp. 

Lewis „..tp. 

Lewis tp. 

L««-ls tp. 

Lewisberry p.b. 

Lewitlforough. p.tp. 

Lewisburg p.v. 

Lewlsburg p.h. 

Lewisburg h. 

..p.v. 

..p.v. 

..p.b. 

..p.T. 

..p.v. 

...p.tp. 

..p.v. 
..p.v. 


Lewisburg., 

Lewisburg 

Lewisburg , 

Lewisburg , 

Lewisburg , 

Lewis  Fork.... 

Lewisport 

].cwi8  Station. 

Lewiston _ tp. 

I.ewiston.- p.v. 

Lowlston c. 

Lewiston....» p.v. 

Lewl8tou-..« p.v. 

LewiKt<>ii„ tp. 

Lewi8ton_ p.v. 


Perry- 

Shawiu>o....~. 

Norton 

Nobles ^ 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Bradford 

Uoono 

McLean _.... 

Lake 

Audubon 

Itenton.— 

Bremer- 

Coffey ~....... 

Coffey 

Calhoun 

Iiigliani 

Osceola.- 

Osceola „, 

Blue  Earth 

Mower 

Mower 

Barton 

Barton 

Genesee 

Lake- 

Medina. 

Bradford 

Dodge 

Stearns -....« 

Ingham 

Ingham- 

Todd 

Shawano 

Black  Ilawk 

Black  Ilawk 

Giles , 

Reynolds 

Le  Sueur 

Le  Suour 

Meigs 

Meigs , 

Lowndes 

Franklin 

Louisa » 

Jackson- 

Juab „ 

Brown - 

Penobscot -....».. 

Pike - ., 

Montgomery 

Warren- -. 

Pope 

Franklin 

Knox  - 

Sac 

Randolph- 

Clark 

Sussex ,-. 

Fairfax.-.- 

Clay 

Cass , 

Pottawattamie. .. 

Holt 

Essex , 

BIssox , 

Lewis 

Brown _ 

Lycoming 

Northumberland 

Union 

York 

Westcliestcr- , 

Conway 

Wayue 

St.  Tammany.-.. 

Champaign 

Preble 

Union 

Marshall..... 

Greenbrier ........ 

Wilkes 

Hancock 

Henry , 

Trinity 

Nez  Perces 

Androscoggin.-.., 

Winona 

Lewis , 

Niagara- 

Niagara- 


SUta. 


Population. 


1870.     1880, 


Ind.... 
Wis... 
Kan.. 
Minn 
N.T- 
N.Y.. 
Pa..... 
111—. 

Ill 

Ind... 
Iowa. 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Kan  -... 

Kan 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich..,, 
Minn ... 
Minn ... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y 

Ohio..... 

Ohio 

Pa 

Wis.-... 
Minn ... 
Mich. 
Mich. 
Minn 
Wis... 
Iowa. 
Iowa, 
Tenn. 
Mo.... 
Minn 
Minn 
Ohio- 
Ohio- 
Ala... 

Pa 

Iowa. 

Ill 

Utah. 
Ohio.. 
Me,.,. 

Ill 

Ky.... 
Ohio- 
Minn... 
Moss. 
Ohio., 
Iowa. 
Mo.... 
Wis... 
Del .,. 
Va.... 
Ind..., 
lowu..- 
lowa. ... 

Mo 

N.  Y-.. 
N.  Y„.. 
N.  Y„.. 
Ohio-.. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  Y-.. 

Ark 

Iowa..., 

La. 

Ohio...., 

Ohio 

Pa 

Tenn 

W.  Va.. 
N.  0-.., 

Ky 

Mo 

Cal 

Idaho.. 

Me 

Minn  .„ 

Mo 

N,  Y 

N,  T — 


2^62 


284 

1,002 

8G2 


1,807 
3G:i 

1,00-J 
410 

1,30$ 
85U 
148 


448 
1,057 


452 


4,827 
811 


1,144 

1,576 

208 

1,990 


1,319 


2,178 

88 

1,321 


104 
1,169 


150 

87 


203 
2,128 


1,220 
400 


4,081 
1,724 

'"l,252 
2,817 

9G:5 
1,228 
1,007 

208 
1,601 

239 


110 
733 
391 

3,121 
322 
875 

1,062 
308 


13,600 


2,959 
770 


104 
41 
069 
97 

2,GG0 
84 
324 
884 

1,008 
46 

1,302 

1,800 
430 
975 
645 

1,278 

1,911 
819 
l:i4 

1,170 

700 

432 

657 

40 

4,469 
722 
92 

1,190 

1,588 
293 

2,.501 

1,113 

199 

465 

965 

31 

76 

1,068 

1,414 
73 

1,365 
141 
73 

2,470 
300 
854 
395 
294 

1,076 
763 
79 
46 
207 
742 
104 
625 
60 
2C6 

3,103 
45 

1,494 
650 
975 

4,087 

1,774 
68 

1,161 

3,188 

1,006 

1,173 
845 
283 

1,612 

356 

17 

89 

036 

409 

3,080 
460 
985 
907 
362 
164 
683 
739 
19,083 
241 
127 

2,768 
680 


Plac«. 


Lewiston— 
Lewlston,- 

Lewiston p.tp, 

Lewintown tp. 


:::r- 


.p.v. 
..p.v. 
..p.v, 

,.p.b. 

..p.v. 
.p.v. 


Lewie  town 

Lewislown... 

Lewlstown... 

Lewistown... 

Lewisville.... 

Lewisville 

Lewisville, tp, 

Lewisville p.h. 

LewUville p.v. 

Lewisville b. 

Lewisville tp, 

Lewisville p.v. 

Lexington p.h. 

Lexington ,.» p.v. 

Lexington tp. 

Lexington p.v. 

Lexington - h. 

Lexington p.tp. 

Lexington tp. 

Lexington .»- c 

Lexington P-tp. 

Lexington p.tp, 

Lexington tp. 

Lexington p.  v. 

Lexington p.tp. 

Lexington p.v, 

Lexington tp. 

Lexington c. 

Lexington p.tp. 

Lexington tp. 

Lexington p.v. 

Lexington p.v. 

Lexington tp. 

Lexington v. 

Lexington tp. 

Lexington p.v, 

Lexington p.v, 

Lexington p.v, 

Lexington  0.  II p.v, 

Leyden  * tp. 

Loyden p.tp, 

Leyden p.tp, 

Liber _ ....p.v. 

Liberia -. v. 

Liberty- tp. 

Liberty- v. 

Liberty- tp. 

Liberty p,v 

Liberty.......... tp, 

liberty-..  „._ p.v. 

Liberty- tp. 

Liberty v. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty ......tp. 

Liberty- tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty ......tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty _..tp. 

Liberty- tp. 

Liberty ..._.tp. 

Liberty-.....- tp. 

Liberty p.v. 

Liberty- tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty „....tp. 

Liberty- ,», tp. 

Liberty- tp. 

Liberty- p.tp. 

Liberty- „ tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty- - tp. 

Liberty- ~..tp. 

Liberty- tp. 

Liberty-......., tp* 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty- tp. 

Liberty- tp. 

Liberty- ...,tp. 

Liberty- tp. 

Liberty-.,.- tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 


County. 


Tooele , 

Lunenburg 

Columbia , 

Fulton 

Fnllon , 

Frederick-,.. ..-.. 

Logan 

Millliu - 

l^nfayette.- 

Henry 

Forsyth ., 

Forsyth 

Monroe- 

Potter 

Chester -... 

Denton 

Lauderdale 

Oglethorpe 

McLean 

McLean 

1j&  Grange 

Scott 

Johnson 

Fayette- 

Somerset 

Middlesex 

Sanilac 

Sanilac 

Le  Sueur 

Holmes.- 

Lafayette.- 

liafayotto 

Greene 

Davidson 

Davidson 

Richland 

Stark 

Lancaster -, 

Lexington 

Henderson 

Leo 

Rockbridge 

Lexington 

Cook - 

Franklin 

Lewis. — 

Jay 

Marlborough 

San  Joaquin 

Fresno 

Siskiyou 

Bear  Lake 

Adams 

Adams 

EAingham 

White 

Crawford 

Dclawara 

Fulton 

Grant- 

Hendricks... 

Henry 

Howard- 

Parke _ 

Porter. 

Shelby - 

St.  Joseph 

Tipton 

Union 

Union -... 

Wabash 

Warren 

Wells- 

White .,., 

Buchanan- 

Cherokee- 

Clarke 

Clinton.- 

Dubuque 

Jefferson  , 

Johnson 

Keokuk ,.... 

Lucas 

Marion 

Marshall 

Mitchell 

O'Brien 

Plymouth 

Ringgold 

Scott 

Warren 


Utah.,., 

Va 

WU 

Ill 

Ill 

Md 

Ohio 

Pa 

Ark 

Ind 

N.C 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Pa 

8.C 

Tex 

Ala 

Ga 

Ill 

Ill- 

Ind 

Ind 

Kan 

Ky 

Mo 

Mans...., 
Mich... 
Mich..., 
Minn ... 

Miss 

Mo , 

Mo 

N.  Y-.., 
N.C,-.., 
N.  C-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.., 

Pa 

S.C 

Tenn..., 

Tex 

Va 

S.  0 

Ill 

Mass..., 
N.  Y„.. 

Ind 

S.  0 

Cal 

Cal 

Cal 

Idaho.., 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind. — 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind , 

Ind 

Ind , 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind , 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind , 

Ind 

Ind , 

Ind , 

Ind 

Iowa..., 

Iowa..., 

Iowa. ... 

Iowa..., 

Iowa..., 

Iowa..., 

Iowa..., 

Iowa..., 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.  ... 

Iowa.  .» 

Iowa 

Iowa..- 

Iowa. 

Iowa. 

Iowa. 

Iowa. 


828 


1  In  W*,  past  to  LodL 


*  Since  1870,  area  redueed. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


County. 


Liberty ......... ......tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty ~..tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty p.h. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty p.v. 

Liberty tp. 

Llber^ ph. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty. p.r. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty  1 ~.tp. 

Liberty* tp. 

Liberty* tp. 

Liberty p.T. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty p.h. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty p.v. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Illberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp, 

liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

liberty tp. 

Uberty tp. 

Uberty tp. 

Uberty tp. 

Uberty tp. 

Erty tp. 
rty p.T. 
rty tp. 

Uberty tp. 

Uberty tp. 

Uberty tp. 

Uberty tp. 

Uberty tp. 

H^rty tp. 

"^"y tp. 

liberty tp. 

i^berty tp. 

-^berty tp. 

i^berty tp. 

I^rty tp. 

liperty tp. 

?jj»rty p.tp 

tberty tp. 

•»«rty tp. 

Ibcrty p.v. 


Woodbury 

Wright 

Barton 

Coffey « 

Cowley 

Davis 

Dickinson 

Elk 

Jackson 

Labctto 

Linn 

Marion 

Montgomery 

Montgomery 

Osborne^ 

Ilepublic 

Saline 

Woodson 

Waldo 

Waldo 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Wexford , 

Amite 

Adair 

Barry , 

Bollinger 

Callaway ., 

Capo  Girardeau.. 

Clay 

Clay 

Cole , 

Crawford , 

Daviess 

Gnindy 

Holt 

Iron , 

Knox 

Macon 

Sladison 

Marion 

Phelps , 

Pulaski 

Putnam 

Saline 

Schuyler 

St.  Friin9ols , 

Stoddard 

Sullivan 

Washington 

Gage 

Sullivan 

Sullivan 

Rnndoljih 

Yadkin 

Adams 

Butler 

Clinton 

Crawford 

Delaware 

Fairfield 

Guernsey^ 

Hancock 

Hardin 

Ilonry 

Highland 

Jackson 

Knox 

Licking 

Logan 

Mercer 

Montgomery 

Putnam 

Ross 

Seneca 

Trumbull 

Union 

Van  Wert 

Washington 

Wood 

Adams 

Bedford 

Centre 

McKoan 

Mercer 

Montour 

Susquehanna.... 

Tioga 

Orangeburg 

Pickens 

Pickens 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Kan.... 
Kan.... 
Kan  „.. 
Kan... 
Kan.... 
Kan ... 
Kan...c 
Kan... 
Kan ... 
Kan ... 
Kan ... 
Kan ... 
Kan ... 
Kan ... 
Kan«. 
Kan... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mich.. 
Mich.. 
Mich.. 
Miss... 
Mo .... 

Mo 

Mo .... 
Mo .... 
Mo .... 
Mo .... 
Mo .... 
Mo .... 

Mo 

Mo .... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Neb..., 
N.  Y... 
N.  Y.., 
N.  C... 
N.  C... 
Ohio.., 
Ohio.., 
Ohio.., 
Ohio.., 
Ohio.., 
Ohio.., 
Olilo.., 
Ohio.., 
Ohio.., 
Ohio.., 
Ohio.., 
Ohio.., 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.., 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 
Ohio„ 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 
Ohio- 
Ohio  . 

Ohio 

Pa.., 
Pa... 
Pa.., 
Pa>, 
Pa.., 
Pa.., 
Pa.., 
Pa.., 
8.  C 

8.  a 

8.0, 


720 
480 


1,052 


363 
907 


1,070 


660 
854 


1,680 
1,646 

870 
4,831 
1,700 

901 
1,071 

781 
1,036 


479 


1,210 
480 

3,871 
470 
893 

1,174 


1,529 

1,405 

1,307 

772 

879 


3,389 


1,009 
1,588 
1,377 
1,443 
1,184 
1,597 
1,395 
3,000 
1,1G3 
1,011 
2,308 
1,766 
6,189 
1,747 
959 
837 
1,624 
779 


1,120 

1,460 

1,668 

2,420 

1,414 

1,174 

1,632 

965 

860 

806 

1,062 

1,093 

634 

1,229 

l.aiO 

1,379 

408 

1,367 


727 

351 

360 

762 

747 

C65 

893 

876 

646 

906 

994 

1,702 

1,022 

93 

949 

713 

480 

1,100 

970 

292 

1,065 

62 

109 

426 

1,0)0 

918 

2,026 

1,230 

733 

3,714 

1,476 

1,200 

1,154 

988 

907 

1,066 

665 

859 

1,236 

420 

3,594 

535 

1,684 

1,402 

1,819 

1,729 

1,802 

2,809 

1,003 

999 

27 

3,209 

478 

1,035 

1,847 

1,356 

1,458 

1,382 

1,679 

l,4t-l 

3,070 

1,603 

1,101 

3,295 

1,946 

5,381 

1,784 

1,034 

752 

1,666 

1,196 

220 

1,536 

1,576 

2,157 

4,058 

1,398 

1,553 

1,614 

1,292 

892 

914 

1,284 

2,029 

642 

1,168 

1,108 

1,629 

1,215 

2,145 

149 


Place. 


County. 


Liberty p.r. 

Liberty p.T. 

Liberty p.v. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty tp. 

Liberty p.tp. 

Lilmrty  Centre p.v. 

Liberty  Centre p.h. 

Liberty  Centre p.v. 

Liberty  Corner p.h. 

Liberty  Grove tp. 

Liberty  Hill v. 

Liberty  Mills p.v. 

Liberty  town p.v. 

Libertyville tp. 

Libertyville p.v. 

Libertyville p.v. 

Libertyville p.h. 

Libertyville p.h. 

Libertyville h. 

Lick tp. 

Lick  Creek p.h. 

Lick  Creek tp. 

Licking tp. 

Licking tp. 

Licking p.v. 

Licking tp. 

Licking tp. 

Licking tp. 

Licking  City v. 

Licking  Creek tp. 

LickingvlUe p.v. 

Lida tp. 

Lien tp. 

Light  Street p.v. 

Lightvillo V. 

Ligonier p.v. 

Ligouier tp. 

Ligonier p.b. 

Lilesville tp. 

Lilesville.. p.v. 

Lilleyvillo v. 

Lilliiigton tp. 

Lillington p.h. 

Lillington h. 

Lilly p.h. 

Lilly  Chapel p  v. 

Lima tp. 

Lima p.v. 

Lima tp. 

Lima tp. 

Lima p.v. 

Lima p.h. 

Lima p.tp. 

Lima tp. 

Lima p.v. 

Lima .c. 

Lima tp. 

Lima p.v. 

Lima tp. 

Lima tp. 

Lima tp. 

Lima tp. 

Lima  Centre p.v. 

Limaville p.v. 

Lime tp. 

Lime  Creek tp. 

Lime  Creek tp. 

Lime  Lake tp. 

Limerick tp. 

Limerick p.v. 

Limerick p.v. 

Limerick p.tp. 

Lime  Rock p.v. 

Lime  Spring p.v. 

Limestone tp. 

Limestone tp. 

Limestone tp. 

Limestone p.tp. 

Limestone tp. 

Limestone p.v. 

Limestone tp. 

Limestone tp. 

Limestone p.tp. 

Limestone tp. 

Limestone tp. 

Limestone tp. 

Limestone^ ^...tp. 

Limestone tp. 

LimestoneTiUe p.b. 


De  Kalb , 

Liberty , 

Bedford 

Grant 

Manitowoc.... 
Outagamie.... 

Vernon 

Wells 

Warren 

Henry 

Somerset 

Door 

Kdgecombe.... 

Wabash 

Frederick 

Lake 

Lake 

Jefferson 

St.  Francois 

Ulster 

Montgomery 

Jackson 

Orange 

Davis 

Crawford.... 

Blackford , 

Texas 

Licking 

Muskingum 

Clarion 

Rowan 

Fulton 

Clarion 

Otter  Tail 

Grant 

Columbia. 

Darke 

Noble 

Westmoreland ... 
Westmoreland ... 

Anson 

Anson 

Mifllin 

Harnett 

Harnett 

Pender 

Tazewell 

Madison 

Adams 

Adams 

Carroll 

La  Grange 

La  Grange 

Fayette 

Washtenaw 

Livingston 

Livingston , 

Allen 

Licking. , 

Delaware , 

Grant 

Pepin «., 

Rock 

Sheboygan , 

Bock 

Stark 

Blue  Earth 

Cerro  Gordo 

Washington , 

Murray , 

York 

York 

Jefferson 

Montgomery 

Litchfield 

Howard 

Kankakee 

Peoria 

Jewell 

Aroostook 

Lincoln 

Cattaraugus. 

Buncomlle 

Duplin 

Clarion 

Lycoming 

Montour 

Union , 

Warren 

Spartanburg , 

Montour 


State. 


Population. 


Tenn. 
Tex .... 

Va 

Wis.... 
Wis..., 
Wis.... 
Wis.... 
Ind..., 
Iowa., 
Ohio.., 
N.  J... 
Wis  ... 
N.O- 
Ind.... 
Md..., 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa. 

Mo 

N.  Y.. 
Pa..... 
Ohio.. 
Ind... 
Iowa. 

Ill 

Ind... 
Mo.... 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 

Pa 

Ky 

Pa. 

Pa 

Minn  ... 
Minn ... 

Pa 

Ohio 

Ind 

Pa. 

Pa 

N.  C 

N.  C 

Pa 

N.  C 

N.  C 

N.  C 

Ill 

Ohio 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Mich.... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Wis.-... 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Ohio.... 
Minn... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Minn ... 

Me. 

Me 

N.Y 

Pa„ 

Conn ... 
lowu.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Kan 

Me 

Minn... 

N.Y 

N.  C 

N.  C .... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

S.C 

Pa. 


458 
1,208 

907 
1,430 

461 

414 


1,236 


3,746 


1,246 
1,625 
2,185 


850 

99: 

1,218 


1,614 

2,434 

317 

1,716 


1,463 
28.'"> 
631 

1,371 
419 


1,052 
2,912 
1,267 
4,.'J0O 
1,642 


1,086 

477 

1,136 

2,190 


204 
741 


i,3;i3 


1,4-26 


2,600 


840 
2,3a2 


688 

709 

1,376 

l,2r« 

71U 

880 

848 

2,463 


285 
497 

2,191 
895 

1,387 
604 
643 
122 
73 
604 
97 

1,092 
260 
275 
642 

1,3-27 
695 
200 
80 
61 
74 

6,213 
25 

1,379 

1,913 

2,828 
163 

1,256 
948 

1,1-23 
187 

1,077 
146 
109 
295 
864 
S69 

2,010 

2,640 
634 

2,420 
192 
115 
802 
63 
98 
78 
110 

1,677 
260 
676 

l,Xi6 

660 

9 

1,021 

2,782 

1,878 

7,567 

l,80:j 
114 

1,154 
005 

1,094 

2,128 
150 
164 
692 
700 

1,802 
373 

1,253 
313 
122 

2,365 
289 
470 
915 

2,501 
702 
665 
201 
923 
909 

1,203 

1,354 

1,241 
731 
880 
446 

3,880 
69 


*  Since  1870 ,  area  reduced. 
22 


>  Since  1870,  area  reduced.         *  Since  1870,  are»  reduced. 


«  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 
829 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Pboa. 


CosDty. 


Umlngton M.tp. 

liimington p.  v. 

LincklMD p.tp. 

Lincoln ^ p.  v. 

Uucotn tp. 

Lincoln. ^^ p.T. 

Lincoln c. 

Lincoln » tp. 

Lincoln. ^ p.h. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln h. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln....^.... tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln. tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp, 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln! tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln p.tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln .....tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln. tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincol  n tp. 

Lincoln tp, 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln. p.T. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln, tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp, 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln p.r. 

Lincoln p.tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln p.tpw 

Lincoln  * tp. 

Lincoln. tp, 

Lincoln „ tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln p.r. 

Lincol  n tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln ~ tp, 

Lincoln „.tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln „ tp. 


St«t«. 


York. ~...„ 

York.™ , 

Chenango 

Placer 

8ierra_.,.M~.. 

Sunax 

Logan M~.,. 

Ogle 

Chw 

Ileiidricki 

La  I'orte 

Sponcer 

St.  Josephs.... 

A.Iair 

Adams 

Apimnoose 

Audubon 

Black  Hawk.. 
Duena  Vista.. 

Culhoun 

Chss 

Cerro  Gordo... 

Cliiy 

Clinton 

Dallas 

Qrundy 

IlHniilton 

Harrison 

luwa 

Juhuson 

Lucai 

Madison 

Mitchell 

Slonona. 

Montgomery.. 

O'Brien  „ 

Page 

Plymouth 

Pocahontas.... 

Polk 

Pottawattamie. ... 

Poweshiek 

Kinggold ...._ 

Scott 

Shelby 

Sioux 

Story 

Tama 

Union 

Winneshielc 

Worth 

Anderson 

Butler 

Cloud 

Crawford 

Dickinson 

Ellsworth 

Franklin 

Lincoln 

Linn 

Neosho 

Ottawa 

Pottawatomie , 

lieno 

Republic 

Bice 

Sedgwick 

Smith 

Stafford 

Washington 

Penobscot 

Penobscot ». 

Middlesex 

Bay 

Berrien_ 

Huron 

Isabella.,,........, 

Mason 

Midland 

Osceola. 

Blue  Earth 

Andrew. 

Atchison 

Benton 

Caldwell 

Christian 

Chirke 

Dallas. 

Daviess 

Douglas. 

Grundy 


M*^ 

M 

N.  Y-... 

Cal 

Cal 

D«l  .„„ 

Ill 

Ill 

lud 

lud 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind , 

Iowa... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa , 

Iowa. 

Iowa.. 

Iowa. . 

Iowa.... 

Iowa... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.,.. 

Iowa..., 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa. 

Iowa. 

Iowa. 

Iowa. 

Iowa. 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa... 

Iowa... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa... 

Iowa... 

Iowa... 

Iowa... 

Iowa... 

Iowa... 

Iowa... 

Iowa... 

Iowa... 

Kan... 

Kan... 

Kan.. 

Kan.... 

Kan-. 

Kan„. 

Kan  _. 

Kan.. 

Kan  „. 

Kan... 

Kan  .. 

Kan  .. 

Kan... 

Kan.... 

Kan ... 

Kan  .. 

Kan... 

Kan  ... 

Kan.„. 

Me 

Me 

Mass.... 

Mich .... 

Mich.... 

Mich.... 

Mich.... 

Mich.... 

Mich.... 

Mich.... 

Minn... 

Mo. 

JIo. 

Mo. 

Mo. 

Mo. 

Mo. 

Mo. 

Mo. 

Mo. 

Mo. 


Population. 


1870.       1880, 


1,630 


616 
130 


1,265 


1,602 
658 


i,oc;j 

631 
170 
686 


462 


279 
299 


213 
206 


88 
394 


954 
49.3 
808 
195 


645 
440 


658 

205 

1,038 


243 
220 
660 
822 


1,490 
398 


2,012 
745 


1,533 
1,530 


791 


1,188 


672 
165 
322 
334 
495 
2,680 


589 


1,100 
943 
736 
209 


1,431 
193 

eoi 

276 
673 
234 

6,639 

1,334 
95 

1,610 
624 
43 

1,390 

1,281 
785 
690 
867 
708 
127 
940 
670 
652 
845 
362 
691 
6.39 
395 
248 
830 
688 

1,062 
916 
954 

1,052 
885 
23 
940 
315 
125 

1,218 
628 
889 
815 
966 
882 
617 
387 
624 
782 
992 
677 
6C0 
218 

2,251 

2,912 
894 
302 
719 
422 

2,113 

1,228 
400 
459 
668 
736 
460 
620 

1,488 
371 

1,439 

1.659 
540 
907 
27 

1,408 
230 

1,237 
140 
173 
902 
616 

1,737 

1,8;50 
102 
896 

1,029 

1,855 
999 
846 
377 

1,170 


Place. 


County. 


Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln c. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln p.v. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln p.  v. 

Lincoln tp, 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln p.v. 

Lincoln p-h. 

Lincoln. tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln p.tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln tp. 

Lincoln  Centre p.T. 

Lincolnton p.h. 

Linculnton tp. 

Lincolnton p.T. 

Lincolnsvillo v. 

Lincolnville p.h. 

LiucolnTille p.tp, 

Lincolnville v. 

Lincolnville p.r. 

Lincolnville t. 

Lind p.tp. 

Linda tp. 

Linden p.T. 

Linden- p.T. 

Linden p.T. 

Linden p.tp. 

Linden h. 

Linden tp. 

Linden tp. 

Linden p.T. 

Linden p.T. 

Linden p.T. 

Linden  - p.T. 

Linden tp. 

Linden p.T, 

Lindenhill v. 

Linden  wold t. 

Lindina tp. 

Lindley p.T. 

Lindley tp. 

Lindley p.tp. 

Liudsborg p.T, 

Lindsey tp. 

Lindsey p.T. 

Line  Brook v. 

Line  Lexington.... p.T. 

Lincsville b. 

Lineville p.T. 

Linglestown p.h. 

Lingo tp. 

Lingo p.h. 

Liukville p.T. 

Linn tp. 

Linn p.tp 

Linn tp. 

Linn tp, 

Linn tp, 

Linn tp, 

Linn tp. 

Linn tp. 

Linn tp. 

Linn p.tp. 

Linn tp, 

Linn  Creek.. p.T, 

Linneiis p.tp, 

Linnens p.v. 

Linn  ville p.h. 

Li  noleumTil  le t, 

Linton tp. 

Liuton tp. 

Linton p.h. 

Linton tp. 

Linton  Mills p.v. 

Linville tp. 

Linville tp. 


narrlson 

Holt 

.laspcr. 

Lawrence 

Nodaway 

Putnam 

Lancaster 

Grafton 

Lincoln 

New  Hanover, 

Morrow 

Alleghany , 

Huntingdon... 

Lancaster 

Providence 

Addison 

Addison 

Londoun 

Adams 

Buffalo 

l<^u  Claire 

Kewaunee 

Monroe 

I'olk 

Trempealeau  .. 

Wood , 

Penobscot ..... 

Lincoln 

Lincoln. 

Lincoln. 

Norfolk 

Wabash 

Waldo 

Pettis 

Crawford 

Charleston 

Waupaca 

Ynba 

Montgomery.. 

Middlesex 

Genesee 

Brown 

Atchison 

Christiun 

Union 

Union 

Genesee 

Lj'coming 

Perry'- 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Wayne 

Butler 

Juneau 

Gntndy 

Mercer 

Steuben 

McPherson.... 

Benton 

Sandusky 

Essex 

Montgomery.. 

Crawford 

Wayne 

Dnnphin 

Macon 

Macon 

Lake 

Cedar 

Dallits 

Linn 

Martihall 

Warren 

Audrain 

Cliristian 

Dent 

Moniteau 

Osage 

Walworth 

Camden 

Aroostook 

Linn 

Licking 

Bichmond 

Vigo 

Allamakee 

Des  Moines.... 

Coshocton 

Coshocton 

Burke 

Mitchell 


Mo... 

Mo... 

Mo... 

Mo... 

Mo... 

Mo... 

Neb., 

N.H 

N.Mex. 

N.  C. 

Oliio 

Pa.... 

Pa.... 

Pa.... 

K.  L 

Vt... 

Vt.... 

Va.. 

AVis. 

Wis. 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Me 

Ga 

N.C 

N.  C 

Va 

Ind 

Me 

Mo 

Pa 

S.  C 

Wis 

Cal 

Ind 

Mass.... 

Mich.... 

Minn  ... 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  J 

N.  J 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Tonn ... 

Wis.-... 

Wis 

Ind 

Ohio 

Wis 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y 

Kan 

Mo 

Ohio 

Ma£8.... 

Pa 

Pa 

Iowa.... 

Pa 

Mo 

Mo. 

Oregon. 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Jlo 

Mo 

Wis 

Mo 

Me 

Mo 

Ohio 

N.  Y 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Ohio..... 

Ohio 

N.  C 

N.C 


880 


>  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


*  In  1871,  part  to  Hope. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PlacA. 


County. 


Mnvllle p.T. 

ILin\foo<l *■• 

tLinwood p.v. 

ilinwood V. 

liinwood _.p.tp. 

^tnwood „.p.r. 

JLInwood (p. 

JLinwuod  Station....p.v, 

iLions  City v. 

Xiouville pv. 

Xippiucott p.h. 

XJppitt V. 

Lisbon ph. 

iliisljon tp. 

Iliislion Ip. 

'Lisbon P-T. 

(Lisbon p-h. 

jLisbon - P-t. 

iLisbon p.tp. 

^Lisbon _.....p.T. 

jLisbou „.p.T. 

Xisbou p.tp. 

jLlsbou p.v. 

tLisbon tp. 

iLisbou p.v. 

^Lisbon p.tp. 

iLiebon p.tp. 

'Lisbon » tp. 

'Lisbon tp. 

iLisbon tp. 

iLlsbon  Centre p.v. 

ILisburu p.T. 

'Liscontb tp. 

iLisconib I>.v. 

Lisle tp. 

Lisle p.li. 

ILisle tp. 

rLisle p.v. 

Xiston tp. 

fListonbnrg p.h. 

iLittiker tp. 

;Lltchfield tp. 

■Litchfield p.v. 

Litchfield c. 

iLitchfieid p.tp. 

iLltchfield tp. 

[Litchfield p.v. 

iLitchfieUl tp. 

'Litchfield p.v. 

iLitchfield tp. 

;Utcbfield p.tp. 

iLitchfield p.tp. 

ILitchfield p.tp. 

ILitchfield  Corners.p.v. 

[Liter p.h. 

[LUhonia p.v, 

Xitbopolifi p.v. 

ILitiz p.b. 

iLittle  Africa v. 

iLlttle  Beaver tp. 

■Little  Blue tp. 

iLittle  Britain p.tp. 

iLIttlo  Caney tp. 

ILittle  Coharie tp. 

ILittle  Compton p.h. 

ILiltle  Compton p.tp. 

iLittle  Creek hnd. 

Little  deck lind. 

iLittle  Cr.  Landing.p.v. 
iLittle  Egg  llarbor.tp. 

ILittle  Elm p.v. 

ILittle  Falls v. 

;Littlo  Falls tp. 

ILittle  Falls p.v. 

Little  Falls p.tp. 

iLittle  Falls tp. 

"Little  Falls p.v. 

.Little  Falls .tp. 

jLittle  Ferry ...p.h. 

iLittlefield tp. 

•  Little  Genesee p.h. 

[Little  Grant p.tp. 

iLittle  iMko tp. 

Little  Lot p.h. 

iLIttlo  Mackinaw...tp. 
ILittle  Maliauoy  ....tp. 

i'Litllo  Meadows p.b. 

(Little  Port p.h. 

jLittle  Prairie tp. 

IlJttle  River tp. 

•Little  Kiver tp. 


Rockingham 

Tippecanoe „. 

Leavenworth 

Worcester 

Anoka 

Hamilton 

Tortiige 

Delaware 

Beaver  liead 

Chester.. 

Greene 

Kent.,._ 

Union 

New  London 

Kendall 

Kendall.... 

Noble 

Linn 

Androscoggin  ~... 

Howard 

Ottawa 

ifoUow  Medicine, 

Howard 

Grafton 

Gnifton 

St.  Lawrence 

Sampson 

Darlington 

Juneau 

Wu\ikeslia 

St.  Lawrence 

Cumberland 

Marshall , 

Marshall 

Du  Page 

Du  Page 

Broome 

BrouDie 

Woodbury 

Somerset 

Rowan 

Litchfield 

Litchfield 

Montgomery 

Kennebec 

Hillsdale 

Hillsdale 

Meeker 

Meeker 

Hillsborough 

Herkimer 

Medina 

Bradford , 

Kennebec- 

Morgan 

De  Kalb 

Fairfield 

Lancaster 

Wyoming- 

Lawrence 

Washington 

Lancaster 

Chautauqua. , 

Sampson ■ 

Carroll 

Newport 

Kent 

Sussex 

Kent 

Burlington 

Denton 

Cumberland 

Morrison 

Morrison 

Passaic 

Ilerkimor 

Herkimer 

Monroe 

Bergen 

EmmetL. 

Alleghany 

Grant 

Mendocino 

Hickman 

Tazewell 

Northumberland 

Susquehanna , 

Clayton 

Pemiscot 

Reno- 

Pemiscot 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Va. 

Ind 

Kan 

Mass.... 
Minn ... 

Ohio 

Wis 

Pa 

Mon 

Pa 

Pa 

K.  I._... 

Ark 

Conn.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Me „ 

Md 

Mich.... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

N.  H — 

N.  U 

N.  Y 

N.  C_... 

8.  0 

Wis 

Wig 

N.  Y_... 

Pa 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Ill 

HI 

N.  Y_... 

N.  Y 

Iowa ... 

Pa 

N.  0 

Conn.... 
Conn.... 

Ill 

Me 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn... 
Minn... 

N.  II 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Pa 

Me 

Ill 

Ga 

Ohio 

Pa„ 

Pa. 

Pa 

Kan_... 

Pa 

Kan_... 

N.  C 

Mo 

R.  I.-... 

Del 

Del 

Del 

N.  J 

Tex 

Me 

Minn ... 
Minn ... 
N.  J-... 
N.  Y — 
N.Y-... 

Wig. 

N.J 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

Wis..... 

Cal 

Tenn  ... 

HI 

Pa 

Pa 

Iowa.... 

Mo 

Kan 

Mo 


502 
1,150 


142 

"ijni 


1,844 


4,475 
1,389 
1,913 
449 
1,384 


836 
'i',276 
2J625 


1,508 
3,113 


3,852 
1,606 
1,946 


488 
353 
345 

1,384 
8G() 

1,256 


394 


1,072 
*i',586 
'i',235 


1,160 
1,892 
3,770 


1,779 


457 


1,282 

6,612 

6yS87 

C21 


813 
»16 


1,256 
269 
13;{ 

'"492 

""120 


173 

869 

125 

390 

227 

723 

406 

643 

269 

114 

49 

477 

42 

6:»0 

1,202 

216 

97 

776 

2,641 

145 

83 

673 

116 

1,807 

772 

4,297 

1,590 

2,225 

491 

1,437 

125 

193 

1,127 

452 

1,819 

48 

2,399 

429 

406 

60 

1,944 

3,410 

1,090 

4,326 

1,310 

1,958 

l,f)29 

498 

1,250 

291 

1,218 

853 

1,159 

128 

68 

206 

404 

1,113 

223 

1,282 

1,.526 

1,674 

889 

1,481 

62 

1,202 

1,878 

3,467 

202 

1,881 

116 

18S 

484 

608 

1,404 

6,913 

6,910 

705 

58 

266 

89 

718 

1,510 

78 

1,675 

326 

169 

77 

1,086 

731 

220 


Place. 


Little  River .....p.tp. 

Little  River tp. 

Little  River tp. 

Little  River tp. 

Little  River _...tp. 

Little  River tp. 

Little  River „...tp. 

Little  River tp. 

Little  River p.h. 

Little  River tp. 

Little  Rock c 

Little  Rock tp. 

Little  Rock p.v. 

Little  Rock. p.tp. 

Little  Rock p.v. 

Little  Rock  Creek..p.tp. 
Little  Sandusky. ...p.v. 

Little  Sauk p.tp. 

Little  Sioux tp. 

Little  Sioux p.v. 

Little  Sioux tp. 

Littlestown ~p.b. 

Little  Suamico p.tp. 

Littleton —p.v. 

Littleton ..p.tp. 

Littleton ...p.tp. 

Littleton ..p.tp, 

Littleton .tp. 

Littleton ~p.v. 

Littleton p.v. 

Littleton „tp. 

Littleton p.v. 

Littleton ..p.h. 

Littleton „v. 

Little  Traverse p.tp. 

Little  Utica p.h. 

Little  Valley p.tp. 

Little  Valley tp. 

Little  Valley p.v. 

Little  Valley h. 

Little  Walnut p.tp. 

Little  Washington.v. 

Little  Wolf p.tp. 

Little  Yadkin tp. 

Little  York tp. 

Little  York p.v. 

Little  York p.h. 

Little  York h. 

Live  Oak p.v. 

Livermore p.v. 

Li  verniore p.v. 

Livermore p.v. 

Livermore p.tp. 

Livermore tp. 

Livermore p.b. 

Livermore  Falls. ...p.v. 

Liveniool tp. 

Liverpool p.v. 

LiverjKwl ....p.v. 

Liverpool tp. 

Liverpool tp. 

Liverpool -p.v. 

Liverpool tp. 

Liverpool p.b. 

Livingston p.v. 

Livingston ..p.h. 

Livingston tp. 

Livingston ..p.tp, 

Livingston -.p.tp. 

Livingston p.v. 

Livingston ..p.v. 

Livingston p.h, 

Livingstonville p.h. 

Li  von  ia p.v. 

Livonia tp. 

Livonia « p.tp. 

Livonia tp. 

Livonia p.v. 

Livonia  Station p.v. 

Lizard' tp. 

Llano p.v. 

Llewellyn v. 

Llewellyn p.v. 

Lloyd tp. 

Lloyd ™....p.tp. 

Lloydvllle p.v. 

Loochapoka p.v, 

lx>ami tp. 

Loami p.v, 

IiOartown...„ h. 

Lock  Berlin p.v. 


County. 


Alexander 

Caldwell 

Cumberland 

Montgomery 

Orange 

Transylvania 

Wake 

Horry 

Horry 

Oconto 

Pulaski- 

Kendall 

Kendall 

Nobles 

Marion 

Mitchell 

Wyandot 

Todd „. 

Harrison 

Harrison 

Woodbury 

Adams 

Oconto 

Arapahoe 

Schuyler 

Aroostook 

Middlesex 

Grafton 

Grafton 

Morris 

Halifax 

Halifax 

Morgan 

Wetzel 

Emmctt 

Onondaga 

McPherson 

Cattaraugus 

Cattaraugus 

Huntingdon 

Butler 

Wayne 

Waupaca 

Yadkin 

Nevada 

Nevada. 

Warren 

St.  Lawrence 

Suwaneo 

Alameda 

Humboldt 

McLean 

Androscoggin.-.. 

Grafton- 

Westmoreland... 
A  ndroscoggin—.. 

Fulton 

Fulton 

Onondaga 

Columbiana 

Merlina 

Medina 

Perry 

Perry 

Sumter 

Chirk- 

Otsego... 

Essex 

Columbia 

Overton 

Polk 

Grant 

Schoharie- 

Washington 

Wayne 

Sherburne 

Livingston 

Livingston 

Livingston 

Pocahontas 

Llano 

Delaware 

Schuylkill 

Dickinson 

Ulster 

Cambria 

Lee 

Sangamon 

Sangamon 

Alleghany 

Wayne - 


State. 


N.  C. 

N.C. 

N.  0. 

N.C, 

N.C. 

N.C. 

N.  C... 

S.  C... 

S.C._ 

Wis.., 

Ark.. 

III-... 

Ill 

Minn 
S.  C... 
N.  C-, 
Ohio- 
Minn... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Pa 

Wis. 

Col 

HI 

Me 

Mass 

N  H.... 

N.  H 

N.J_... 
N.  C — 

N.  C 

Utah... 
W.  Va.. 
Mich... 
N.  Y.... 

Kan 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Kan 

N.C 

Wis 

N.  C  — 

Cal 

Cal 

Ill 

N.  Y 

Fla 

Cal 

Iowa..., 

Ky 

Me 

N.  n.„. 

Pa. 

Me 

Ill 

Ill 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio... 

Ohio 

Pa- 

Pa 

Ala 

HI 

Mich.... 

N.  J 

N.  Y 

Tenn  ... 

Tex 

Wis 

N.  Y 

Ind 

Mich.... 
Minn.. 
N.  Y-.., 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Iowa.... 
Tex.- 

Pa 

Pa_... 
Iowa. 
N.Y- 
Pa-... 
Ala... 
III-... 

Ill 

Md  ... 
N.  Y- 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


415 
1,653 

403 
1,315 

951 


12,380 
1,843 


900 
847 
542 


1,140 
700 
983 

2,446 


2,938 


294 

"i'.ios 


302 
1,407 


211 

1,330 

T,555 
2,907 
1,425 


859 
823 
600 


1,157 

1,9.'58 

240 


1,079 

263 

2,705 


399 
955 


2,658 

'm'to 


768 

1,005 
484 
632 

2,178 
795 

2,056 

1,254 

60 

095 

13,138 

2,711 
101 
320 
l.'U 
388 
182 
36:J 

1,030 
309 
878 
913 
942 
100 

1,000 
904 
994 

2,930 

1,651 
.338 

2,790 

113 

76 

106 

1,029 

68 

435 

I.ISKJ 

5U6 

69 

748 

250 

1,342 
681 

i,(m 

100 

79 

87 

458 

855 

108 

399 

1,202 

103 

164 

478 

1,302 

129 

1,350 

6,229 

1,339 

198 

825 

838 

738 

87 

626 

1,401 

2,000 

312 

135 

28 

97 

211 

1,«:« 

321 

3,119 

2m 

688 
637 
213 
4:«) 
394 
105 

2,713 
370 
408 

1,550 

306 

91 

110 


1  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced. 


831 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PIm*. 


Iiockboorne. >..p.T. 

Ijocke ....tp. 

Locke -....» p.T. 

Locke ....p.tp. 

Locke .............p-tp. 

Locke tp. 

Ix>ckeror(l p.T. 

Lockesbiirfc M..p.T. 

Locke's  MilU- p.T. 

Lockhart- tp. 

Lockhart  ~ p.T. 

Lock  Haven c 

Lockliigton- p.T. 

LocklHud p.T. 

Lockport. tp. 

Lockpurt_ p.T. 

I/Ock|K>rt  _ p.T. 

IiOck|H>rt.. T. 

Lockport. p.T. 

Lock|>urt  - p.T. 

Lockport  „ tp. 

Lockport_ a 

Lockport  _ tp. 

Lock|iort  - T. 

Lockport b. 

Lockport p.v. 

LockriJgo tp. 

Lo:kri(lge p.li. 

Lock  Seventeen p.h. 

Lock  town p.li. 

Lockville  _ ph. 

Lockvillo p.v. 

LockwooU'a tp. 

Locust - tp. 

Locust tp. 

Locust  Creok tp. 

Locust  Dale p.v. 

Locust  Grovel tp. 

Locust  Gix)ve_ tp. 

Locust  Grove p.v. 

Locust  IlilU p  tp. 

liocust  Lane p.li. 

liOcust  Level p.h. 

Locust  Ridge- p.h. 

Locust  Valley p.v. 

Loila* „tp. 

Lod:i V. 

TxHia tp. 

Lodge  ville t. 

Lodi „.p.T. 

Lodi.» p.h. 

Lodl.- tp. 

Lodi tp. 

Ijodl... p.T. 

Lodi._ tp. 

Lodi >...p.T. 

Lodi... tp. 

Lodi— _ p.T. 

Lodi... tp. 

Lodi... p.T. 

Lodi.. tp. 

Txxli... ....p.T. 

Lodomillo tp. 

Lognu _.,p.b. 

Logan tp. 

Logan..... p.tp. 

Logan ....tp. 

Logan tp. 

Logan „..tp. 

Logan p.T. 

Logan tp. 

Logan tp. 

Logan tp. 

Logan tp. 

Logan » tp. 

^gan « .....tp. 

Logan tp. 

Logan........ >...tp. 

Logan tp. 

Logan ....p.T. 

Logan tp. 

Log:in ....p.li. 

Logan tp. 

Logan >. tp. 

Logan tp. 

Logai tp. 

Logan p.T. 

Logan tp. 

Logan tp. 

Logan ....tp. 

Logan T. 


Oonnty. 

SUto. 

Population. 

1870. 

1880. 

Fwnklin 

Klkbart- 

Ohio — 

Ind 

Ind 

281 

882 

107 

1,116 

1,077 

1,119 

285 

1,305 

190 

EUkliart. ~ 

luglianiM 

Mich..» 
N.  Y — 

N.a.... 

Cal 

1,494 

1,141 

1,303 

322 

San  Joaquin- 

Sovior 

Ark 

250 

Oxford 

Me....... 

101 

Pike 

Ind 

Tex 

Pa. 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

1,829 

560 

C,9U6 

214 

1,25)9 

3,584 

1,772 

170 

2,460 
718 

Caldwell 

Clinton 

6,845 

219 

1,884 

8,260 

1,079 

117 

206 

Shelby ~ 

Mill 

Will 

Carroll ^ 

Vigo 

Kv 

139 

La^..:.:;; 

171 

St.  Joseph 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Pa 

3,45fl 
12,420 
3,032 

3,464 

13,522 

2,847 

242 

Niagara «... 

Clinton.- 

Erie 

Pa 

Pa 

405 

345 

104 

Iowa.... 

1,080 

1,478 

49 

Tuscarawas... 

Ohio_... 
N.  J„.... 



55 
29 

N.O 

72 

FairBeld 

Ohio 

N.  C. 

Ill 

Pa 

Mo 

Pa 

131 

874 

825 

1,534 

2,398 

129 

1,245 
1,329 

Christian 

2  014 

2,155 

Schuylkill 

008 

772 

Iowa.... 

Ohio 

N.  C 

Pa 

1,486 

103 

1,781 

1,410 
124 

Caswell 

1,964 
51 

N.  0 

35 

Ohio 

N.  Y-... 

Ill 

Ill 

""iiitt'l 

42 

1,309 

1,427 

035 

Kan«... 
Del 



388 

118 

San  Joaquin 

Clay 

Cal 

606 

Dak. 

Mich.... 
Bliun ... 
Miss.... 

N.  J 

N.  J 

*"i',:H4 
"'3,221 

50 

Washtenaw.^ 

1,377 
619 

Montgomery 

Bergen -...-. 

105 

4,071 

980 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

1,825 

1,947 
433 

Oliio.... 
Ohio 

1,551 

1550 

437 

Wis 

Wis 

Iowa. ... 
Ill 

1,560 

725 
1,002 

1,402 

Clayton.. 

1,332 

Ktlgar ^ 

Peoria. 

19 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

1,065 
832 

2,608 
021 

1,046 

8:i8 

2,687 

1,097 

144 

Piko 

Iowa. ... 

044 

Ida 

226 

Marshall 

Iowa.... 
Kan..... 
Kan  .... 
Kan.... 
Kan 

273 

670 

422 

Butler. 

446 

469 

383 

Mitchell 

Kan_... 
Kan„... 



605 

Ottawa ^ 

1,198 
626 

PhilliiM.. 

Kan 

Kan 



Phillips  « 

276 

Grant 

Minn ... 
Mo 



86 

71 

Mo 

Mo 

K.  J 

910 

1,057 

1,1.')9 
1,166 
1,705 
1,206 
2,606 
4,590 
969 

Ohio-... 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

900 
1,827 
2,422 

823 

Blair 

Clinton 

Huntingdon 

Mifflin 

611 

Pa 

609 

PUofc 


Logan „ p.T 

LogaiiB|>ort c. 

Logan's  Store. p.tp. 

Logansville- b. 

Loganville h, 

Ix>ganvnio p.T. 

Logan  ville p.v. 

Loganvllle p.b. 

Logtown h. 

Lolla tp. 

Loniax p.h. 

Lombard p.v. 

Lomlxirdvillo p.v. 

Loniira p.tp. 

Loropoc p.v. 

London p.h. 

London tp. 

London p.v. 

Ijondon p.tp. 

London p.v. 

London p.tp. 

London tp. 

London p.v. 

London  Britain tp. 

Londonderry p.tp. 

Londonderry.. p.tp. 

Londonderry.. v. 

Londonderry tp. 

Londonderry p.tp. 

Londonderry tp. 

Londonderry.- tp. 

Londonderry p.tp, 

London  Grove p.tp, 

Lone  Elm p.li. 

Lone  Grove- tp. 

Lone  Jack p.v. 

Lone  Oak p.tp. 

Lone  Oak p.h. 

Lone  Ilock.- »..p.v. 

Lone  Star p.h. 

Lone  Tree tp. 

Lone  Tree p.v. 

Lone  Tree tp. 

Lone  Tree tp. 

Lone  Tree tp. 

Long  Acre tp. 

Long  Bar...- tp. 

TiOng  Beach p.h. 

Long  Bottom p.v. 

Long  Branch p.v. 

Long  Cane.. tp. 

Long  Creek p.tp. 

Long  Creek p.tp. 

Long  Creek tp. 

Long  Kddy p.v. 

Long  Grove p.h. 

Long  Hill p.v. 

Long  Island tp. 

Long  Island p.h. 

Long  Island isl. 

Long  Island isl. 

Long  Island  City.,.c. 

Long  Lake. tp. 

Long  Lake p.v. 

Long  Lake tp. 

Long  Luke p.tp. 

Longnieadow .p.tp. 

Lougmont p.v. 

Long  Point p.tp. 

Long  Prairie tp. 

Long  Prairie p.v. 

Long  Prairie tp. 

Long  Riipidg p.tp. 

Long  Ridge tp. 

Long  Swamp p.tp. 

Longton tp. 

Longton p.v. 

Longtown p.v. 

Longtown p.v. 

Longtown p.h. 

Longueville t. 

Long  Valley p.tp. 

Long  Valley v. 

Longview h. 

Longview p.v. 

Longville p.h. 

Longwood tp. 

Longwood p.v. 

Longwoods. p.h. 

Lonoke p.v. 

Lonsdale p.T. 


County. 


Cache- 

Cass 

Uuthorford 

Clinton 

Sierra 

Walton 

Logan 

York 

Upson 

Cherokee 

Henderson 

Du  Page 

Stark 

Dodge 

Santa  Barbara..... 

Pope 

Fayette 

Shelby 

Snmnor 

Laurel 

Monroe 

Freeborn 

Madison 

Chester 

Kockingliam 

Guernsey 

Ross 

Bedford- 

Chester 

Dauphin 

Lebanon 

Windham 

Cliestor 

Henderson 

Fayette 

Jackson 

Bates 

Hunt 

Richland 

Gentry 

Clay 

.luhnson 

McPberson 

Pottawatomie 

Chippewa 

Beaufurt 

Yuba 

Burlington 

Meigs 

Monmouth 

Abbeville 

Macon 

Decatur 

Mecklenburg 

Sullivan-- 

Lake 

Fairfield 

Phillips 

Phillips 

Cumberland....... 

Hancock 

Queens 

Grand  Traverse.., 

Hennepin 

Watonwan 

Hamilton 

Hampden 

Boulder 

Livingston 

Todd 

Tudd 

Mississippi 

Alpena 

Trinity 

Berks 

Elk 

Elk 

Panola 

Perry - 

Yadkin 

La  Fourche 

Lassen 

Bradford 

Montgomery 

Gregg- 

PInmas 

Pettis 

Pettis 

Talbot 

Lonoke 

Providence 


State. 


Utah... 

Ind 

N.  C... 

Pa. 

Cal 

Ga. 

Ohio... 

Pa 

Ga 

Kan..., 

Ill 

Ill 

HI , 

Wis 

Cal 

Ark.... 

Ill 

Ind 

Kan.. 

Ky 

Mich.. 
Minn . 
Ohio.. 

Pa 

N.  H„. 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Vt , 

Pa 

Teun.. 

Ill 

Mo 

Mo.... 
Te.x.... 
Wis.... 
Mo .... 
Iowa. ... 
Iowa.. 
Kan.... 
Kan.... 
Minn  . 
N.C... 
Cal .... 
N.  J.„. 
Ohio... 
N.  J... 
S.  C... 

Ill 

Iowa.. 
N.  C„.. 
N.  Y„. 

Ill , 

Conn.., 
Kan... 
Kan„. 

Me 

Me , 

N.  Y... 
Mich.., 
Minn . 
Minn ... 
N.  Y- 
Mass. 
Col... 

Ill 

Minn. 
Minn 

Mo 

Mich., 

Cal 

Pa 

Kan  „. 
Kan. 
Miss... 

Mo 

N.  0... 

La 

Cal 

Pa 

Ind.... 
Tex.... 

Cal 

Mo 

Mo 

Md  .... 
Ark.... 

n,  I.... 


832 


1  In  1871,  part  to  Biverton. 


<  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Loogootoe p.h. 

Loogooteo p.v. 

ILookout tp. 

JLooking  Glass tp. 

JiOoking  Glass p.h. 

jLoomis p.v. 

Jxxjuey tp. 

JLoose  Creok p.h. 

Xooxaboma p.h. 

Lorain tp. 

'Iioraln p.v. 

lioraino tp. 

lx>raine tp. 

Ijoramie tp. 

Loran tp. 

lioraii p.h. 

iLorance tp. 

liorane p.h. 

Jjordstown p.tp. 

ILoreno v. 

Lorenzo T. 

Loretto p.v. 

Lorotto p.b. 

liorraine p.v. 

Xiorraiuo p.tp. 

lios  Alamos p.b. 

Ijos  Angeles c. 

Losantville p.h. 

lios  Gatos p.v. 

liOS  Griegos p.v. 

iLos  liiinas p.v. 

^jOs  Nietos tp. 

|Lo8  Rauclies v. 

Los  Sircoros v. 

Lostant p.v. 

Lost  Creek tp. 

^st  Creek tp. 

Lost  Creek tp. 

iLofit  Grove tp. 

Lost  l8laud p.tp. 

{Lost  Nation p.v. 

Lost  River tp. 

kiothrop p.h. 

JiOttery  Village h. 

JLott's  Creek tp. 

Xx>tt'B  Creek tp. 

[Lottsville p.v. 

IjOn<len tp. 

Loudon p.tp, 

tCiOudon tp. 

[Loudon p.v. 

Loudon p.v. 

Loudon  City p.h, 

iLoudonvillo.... 

jtiouina , 

Ixjuisa 

^uisa  0.  II...., 

;U)ui8burg 

|U)uisbiirg tp. 

iLouisburg p.h. 

((jouisburg tp. 

jtiouisburg p.v. 

lljouisiana c. 

[[louiaville p.v. 

[[iOuisville p.v. 

luouisville p.v. 

(Cionisville tp. 

friouisvillo p.v. 

IOuisville tp. 

!U>ni8ville p.v. 

liiouisville c. 

I^iouisville tp. 

liionisville p.v. 

j^uisville p.v. 

Ix)ui8ville p.v. 

|joni8vilIe tp. 

Oouisvillo p.v. 

f^misville p.v. 

f'jouisville p.v. 

Jouisville  Landing.p.h. 

[jouiiston p.tp. 

f^utre tp. 

joutre tp. 

jouviore V. 

jovfijoy tp. 

N«velace p.tp. 

iiovelaceville p.v. 

XJrelady tp. 

[iOvelady p.tp. 

ove  Lake  City p.h. 

oveland .p.v. 


.p.v. 
..p.v. 
,.p.v. 
..p.v. 
.p.v. 


County. 


Fayette 

Hartin 

Ellis 

Clinton 

Douglas 

Isabella 

Polk 

Osage », 

Tate 

Nobles 

Loruin 

Henry 

Polk 

Shelby 

Stephenson 

Stephenson 

Bollinger 

Whitley 

Trumbull 

Drown 

San  Miguel.. 

Marlon 

Cambria 

Unrrison 

Jefferson 

Santa  Barl>ara_., 

Los  Angeles 

Randolph 

Santa  Clara 

Bernalillo. , 

Valencia , 

Los  Angeles 

Bernalillo 

Rio  Arriba. 

La  Salle 

Vigo 

Wayne 

Miami 

Webster 

Palo  Alto 

Clinton 

Martin 

Warren 

Washington- 

Kossuth _...,. 

Ringgold 

Warren 

Carroll 

Merrimac 

Seneca 

Franklin , 

Loudon 

Fayette , 

Ashland 

Randolph 

Lawrence , 

Louisa , 

Sliami 

Montgomery 

Dallas 

Franklin 

Fninklin 

Pike 

Barbour 

Boulder. 

Jefferson 

Clay 

Clay 

Pottiiwatomie 

Pottawatomie 

Jefferson 

Scott 

Winston 

Lincoln  

Cass 

St.  Lawrence 

St.  Lawrence 

Stark 

Blount , 

St.  Lawrence 

Chippewa 

Audrain 

Montgomery 

New  Castle 

Iroquois 

Wilkes 

Ballard 

Burke , 

Caldwell 

Macon 

Larimer 


Ill 

Ind 

Kan-.., 

Ill 

Oregon, 
Mich.... 

Mo 

Mo 

Miss 

Minn ... 

Ohio 

Ill 

Wis 

Ohio 

Ill 

Ill 

Mo 

Ind 

Ohio 

Minn ... 
N.Mex 

Ky 

Pa 

Mo 

N.  Y-.. 

Cal 

Cal 

Ind 

Cal 

N.  Mex. 
N.  Mex. 

Cal 

N.  Mex. 
N.  Mex. 

Ill 

Ind 

Mo 

Ohio 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
K.  I.„... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Pa 

Ohio 

N.  H..., 

Ohio 

Pa 

Tcnn.... 

Ill 

Ohio 

Ala 

Ky 

Va 

Kan 

Kan 

Mo 

N.  0 

N.  C 

Mo 

Ala 

Col 

Ga 

Ill 

Ill 

Kan 

Kan 

Ky 

Minn... 

Miss 

Mo 

Neb 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Tenn.... 

N.  Y 

Minn.„ 

Mo 

Mo 

Del 

Ill 

N.  C.... 

Ky 

N.  0.-... 

N.  0 

Mo 

Col „ 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


1,750 


1,707 
1,200 


2,872 


42 
280 


1,377 
6,728 


1,544 


1,914 


1,367 
119 


009 


831 
1,282 
3,133 

315 


2,542 

750 

3,G39 


35G 
1,200 

529 
2,409 

344 
100,753 

358 

385 


2,132 


1,003 
1,835 


240 
627 


697 
1,353 


55 
885 
252 

1,910 

71 

215 

2,117 
70 
81 
169 

1,595 
618 
109 

1,7.30 

1,249 
94 

2,836 
30 
805 
997 
249 
129 
280 
199 

1,435 
47 
11,183 
62 
655 
300 
876 

3,241 
400 
155 
363 

l,8:i5 
420 

1,450 
614 
132 
193 

1,3-23 
66 
76 
443 
779 
115 
965 

1,221 

4,315 

1,301 
832 
62 

1,497 
148 
496 
315 
499 

1,867 
34 

3,458 
730 

4,325 
211 
450 
675 

1,235 
614 

1,110 
432 
123,758 
408 
418 
127 
321 

2,019 
207 

1,050 
215 
40 
300 

1,455 

2,775 
201 
799 
756 
181 

1,012 

1,804 
32 


Place. 


Loveland  „ p.v. 

Lovell tp. 

Lovell p.v. 

Lovell's  Corners... .V. 

Lovelock p.v. 

Love's  Station p.h. 

Lovett tp. 

Lovett p.v. 

Lovettsville p.h. 

Lovilia p.v. 

Lovington tp. 

Lovington p.v. 

Lowder p.h. 

Lowe tp. 

Lowell p.h. 

Lowell p.v. 

Lowell tp. 

Lowell p.v. 

Lowell tp. 

Lowell p.v. 

Lowell tp. 

Lowell p.h. 

Lowell c. 

Lowell tp. 

Lowell p.v. 

Lowell tp. 

Lowell p.h. 

Lowell p.tp. 

Lowell tp. 

Lowell p.v. 

Lowell  Hill p.v. 

Lowellville v. 

Lowellville p.v. 

Lower tp. 

Lower tp. 

Lower  Allen tp. 

Ijower  AllowayCr'k  i.tp. 
Lower  Augusta  *...tp. 

Lower  Burrell tp. 

Lower  Cabot p.v. 

Lower  Chanceford.tp. 
Lower  Chichester  ..tp. 

Lower  Coneto tp. 

Lower  Creek tp. 

Lower  Creek tp. 

Lower  Duncannon.v. 
Lower  Ebenezer....v. 
Lower  Fishing  Cr'k..tp. 

Lower  Fork tp. 

Lower  Heidelberg..p.tp. 

Lower  Hibernia v. 

Lower  Hillville h. 

Lower  Hominy tp. 

Lower  Jay v. 

Lower  Lafave tp. 

Lower  I.«ke p.v. 

Lower  Macungic.tp. 
Lower  Mahanoy....tp. 
Lower  Makefield...tp. 

Lower  Merion p.'p. 

Lower  Milford tp. 

Lower Mt.  Bethel s.tp. 
Lower  Nazareth  ....tp. 

Ijower  Oxford tp. 

Lower  Paxton tp. 

Lower  Penn's  Neck.tp. 
Lower  Providence. p.tp. 
Lower  St.  Clair*.. ..tp. 

Lower  Salom p.v. 

Lower  Salford tp. 

Lower  Saucon P-tp. 

Lower  Swatara tp. 

Lower  Towamensing.tp 
Lower  Town  Creek. tp. 
Lower  Turkeyfoot.fp. 

Lower  Tyrone tp. 

Lower  Warner v. 

Lower  Windsor tp. 

Lower  Yoder tp. 

Lowesville ....p.h. 

Low  Hill p.tp. 

Low  Moor p.v. 

Lowndes tp. 

Lowndesborough...p.v. 

Lowndesville tp. 

Lowndesville p.v. 

Low  Point p.h. 

Lowry  City_ p.h. 

Lowville p.tp. 

Lowville »...p.tp. 

Lowville h. 


County. 


Clermont 

Oxford 

Oxford 

Norfolk 

Butte 

De8oto_ 

Jennings  _ 

Jennings... 

Loudoun 

Monroe 

Moultrie 

Moultrie 

Sangamon 

Moultrie 

La  Salle 

Lake 

Cherokee 

Cherokee 

Rooks 

Garrard 

Penobscot 

Penobscot 

Middlesex 

Kent 

Kent 

Polk 

Gaston 

Orleans 

Dodge 

Dodge 

Nevada 

Cheshire 

Mahoning 

Capo  May 

Richland 

Cumberland 

Salem 

Northumberland. 

Westmoreland 

Washington 

York 

Delaware 

Edgecombe 

Burke 

Caldwell 

Perry 

Erie 

Edgecombe 

Burke 

Berks 

Morris 

Clarion 

Buncombe 

Essex.... 

Yell 

Lake 

Lehigh 

Northumberland. 

Bucks 

Montgomery 

Lehigh 

Northampton.™... 

Northampton 

('hester 

Dauphin 

Sniem 

Slontgomery 

Alleghany 

Washington 

Montgomery 

Northampton 

Dauphin 

Carbon 

Edgecombe 

Somerset 

Fayette 

Merrimac 

York 

Cambria 

Lincoln 

Lehigh 

Clinton 

Colleton 

Lowndes 

Abbeville 

Abbeville 

Woodford 

St.  Clair 

Murray  _ 

Lewis 

Onondaga. 


State. 


Ohio 

Me 

Me 

Mass .... 

Cnl 

Miss~.., 

Ind 

Ind 

Va 

Iowa.... 

Ill 

HI 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Kan ..... 
Kan ..... 

Kan 

Ky 

Me 

Me 

Mass.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn .. 
N.  C .... 

Vt 

Wis 

Wis 

Cal 

N.  H.... 
Ohio.... 
N.  J .... 

8.  C 

Pa 

N.  J .... 

Pa 

Pa. 

Vt_ 

Pa. 

Pa 

N.  C 

N.  C„.., 

N.  C 

Pa 

N.Y 

N.  C 

N.  C 

Pa 

N.J 

Pa. 

N.  C 

N.Y 

Ark 

Cal 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  J 

Pa.. 

Pa 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa„ 

Pa 

N.  C 

Pa. 

Pa 

N.  H.... 

Pa. 

Pa 

N.  C 

Pa. 

Iowa.... 

S.  C 

Ala 

S.C 

S.  C 

Ill 

Mo 

Miun... 

N.  Y 

N.T-... 


Population. 


1870.     188a 


1,018 


156 


1,588 
"""786 

i.biij 


448 


40,928 
3,086 
1,503 


942 
2,415 


722 
l,7a'J 

307 
1,:«6 
1,483 
1,802 


2,.J06 
1,129 
2,000 
750 
1,09: 


1,629 

61G 

2,480 


1,215 


457 


3,6G2 
1,790 
2,066 
4." ' " 
1,505 
3,641 
1,086 
1,449 
1,623 
1,472 
l,b^2 
6,322 


1,645 
4,991 
1,290 
1,552 
937 
1,264 


2,429 


997 
'i',*850 


2,805 


792 
1,077 
217 
420 
100 

98 
994 
100 

92 
192 

2,oen 

657 

98 

1,311 

77 

453 

6,224 

157 

307 

127 

4:13 

45 

69,475 

3,037 

1,538 

329 

33 

1.057 

2,580 

400 

100 

108 

816 

1,977 

8,881 

972 

1,373 

1,194 

94C 

106 

2,471 

1,700 

2,617 

911 

1,527 

492 

287 

2,119 

978 

2,862 

943 

32 

1,030 

381 

1,04« 

259 

3,952 

1,866 

2,163 

6,287 

1,563 

1,1561 

1,101 

1,429 

1,615 

i,3:h 

1,580 
2,329 

198 
1,8-28 
6,304 
1,.501 
1,732 
1,239 

805 
1,976 

142 
2,538 

057 
91 

914 

168 
1,556 

472 
2,9.30 

116 
49 
58 
71 
8,188 
84 


1  In  1873,  part  to  Qulnton.  «  In  1880,  part  to  Eockfeller.  »  Since  1870,  area  redacad. 


4  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 
833 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETUBNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED.' 


Flac*. 


County. 


Iiowrllle^. fJh. 

IrOWVillA... p.tp. 

Loyal tp. 

Iio)'m) p.b. 

Loyalhanna. tp. 

LoynlHuck —tp. 

Loyalsock p.T. 

LoyaItoD.> p.h. 

Loyd ~ p.h. 

LoydsTille p.T. 

LoyHvilla... p.T. 

Luana »_p.r. 

Lubec p.tp, 

Lubec......... ~..p.T. 

Ijiicas tp. 

Lucas .» tp. 

Lucaa p.r. 

Lucas tp. 

Lucas p.r. 

Lucas p.tp. 

LucasvlUe _.p.T. 

JiUCO - tp. 

Luck ~p.tp. 

Ludington p.T. 

Liidington tp. 

Ludlow tp. 

Ludlow p.T, 

Ludlow p.tp. 

Ludlow tp. 

Ludlow p.tp. 

Ludlow p.h. 

Ludlow tp. 

Ludlow p.T. 

Ludlow tp. 

Ludlow p.T. 

Ludlowville p.T. 

Ludwick... tp. 

Liidwick b. 

Luke  Fiddler t. 

Lukin tp. 

Luling » p.T. 

Lulu p.tp. 

Lumber tp. 

Lumber  Bridge  _...p.tp, 

Lumber  City p.b. 

Luniberlaud tp. 

Lumberton tp. 

LumbcrtoD p.T. 

LumbertoD tp. 

Lumberton p.r. 

Lnmbcrton p.h. 

Lumberville p.h. 

Lumbervillo p.T. 

Lumpkin p.r. 

Luud tp. 

Lundy p.T. 

Luneuburg p.tp. 

Lunenburg p.tp. 

Lura > „..tp, 

Luray p.T. 

Luray p.T. 

Lurgan tp. 

Lu.sby'g  Mill p.b. 

Lutesville p.T. 

LuthersTille p.T. 

LutlierTillo p.T. 

Lutra T. 

LuTerne tp. 

LuTerne p.T, 

Luxemburg p.tp. 

Luzerne p.T. 

Luzerne tp. 

Luzerne p.T. 

Luzerne tp. 

Lycoming tp. 

Lyda. tp. 

Lydia tp. 

Lydia p.T. 

Lygonia. t. 

Lykens _ p,tp. 

Lykens tp. 

Lykens .p.b. 

Lylo tp. 

Lyle p.T. 

Lyman _ tp. 

Lyman  _ p.tp. 

Lyman p.tp. 

Lyme p.tp, 

Lyme tp. 

Lyme p.T. 

Lyme tp. 

Lyme tp. 

Lyme  Centre p.T. 


Erie. » 

Columbia. -, 

Clark  

Clark  

>Ve8tmoreiaud~, 

Lycoming- 

Lycoming- 

Sierra. 

Richland .., 

Belmont 

Perry  _ 

Clayton 

'Washington-.... 
Washington-.... 

Effingham. 

Johnson 

Lucas 

Lyon 

Richland „. 

Dunn 

Scioto „ 

Sponcer-.« 

Polk 

Mason 

Eau  Claire 

Champaign 

Champaign 

Allamakee 

Aroostook 

UamiHlen 

Scott 

Washington 

McKeau. 

Windsor 

Windsor 

Tompkins 

Pratt 

Westmoreland-.., 
North  umherland, 

Lawrence— 

Caldwell 

Mitchell 

Cameron 

Robeson 

Clearfield- 

Sullivan 

Burlington 

Bui'llngtou 

Robeson 

Robeson 

Clinton , 

Bulaware.- 

Bucks 

Stewart 

Douglas 

Mono 

Worcester- 

Essex ., 

Faril>ault.- 

Clarke 

Page 

FrankUu 

Owen 

Bollinger , 

Meriwether 

Baltimore 

Fayette- 

Bock 

Bock.- 

Stearns 

Benton.- 

Warren 

Warren 

Fayette- 

Lycoming 

Macon 

Darlington 

Darlington 

Cnml>LTland 

Crawford 

Dauphin 

Dauphin 

Mower 

Mower 

Ford „ 

York 

Grafton  _ 

New  London  

Grafton 

Grafton 

JefTerson 

Huron 

Grafton- 


SUte. 


Population. 


1870.      1880 


Pa 

Wis.-., 
Wto.... 
WU.... 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa 

Cal 

Wto-.. 
Ohio... 

Pa 

Iowa.. 
Me  .... 
Me .... 

Ill 

Iowa.. 
Iowa. , 
Minn  . 
Ohio- 
Wis..., 
Ohio.., 
Ind..., 
Wis..., 
Mich., 
Wis.-, 

Ill , 

111 

Iowa.. 
Me...., 
Mass. 
Miss.., 
Ohio.. 

Pa 

Vt 

Vt.... 
N.  Y„ 
Kan„ 

Pa 

Pa 

Ill 

Tex... 
Kan.. 

Pa 

N.C... 
Pa..... 
N.  Y- 
N.  J.„ 
N.  J.- 
N.  C„. 
N.C. 
Ohio.. 
N.Y- 

Pa 

Ga 

Miuu 
Cal.... 
Mass. 

Vt 

Minn 
Mo.... 
A'a..., 
Pa..... 
Ky.... 

Mo 

Ga 

Md 

Iowa.... 
Minn  ... 
Minn  .., 
Minn .., 
Iowa..., 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Pa 

Mo 

S.  0 

S.C 

Me 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa 

Minn ,., 
Minn... 

Ill , 

Me 

N.  U... 
Conn..., 
N.U.... 
N.  II ... 
N.  Y-.. 
Ohio.... 
N.H... 


870 
M3 


813 
1,476 


2,136 


692 


312 
317 


2,381 
68 


1,0;J8 

371 

1,136 


1,082 
'T,827 


1,756 


674 
1,076 

230 
1,065 
1,718 


i;«o 

615 


778 


1,121 
999 
621 


1,326 


1,174 


1,807 
642 


1,918 


1,140 
1,246 


480 


740 
l,a')2 

668 
1,181 
1,358 


2,466 
2,380 


99 

818 

650 

46 

848 

1,818 

111 

84 

37 

135 

360 

124 

2,109 

1,767 
938 

1,494 
981 
226 
381 
497 
222 

2,627 
270 

4,190 
212 

1,117 
293 

1,001 
463 

1,626 
87 

1,375 
215 

2,005 

1,179 

262 

81 

603 

154 

1,832 

1,114 
745 
902 

1,356 
298 

1,060 

1,689 
473 

1,849 
63;j 
76 
66 
230 
747 
348 
100 

1,101 

1,038 
680 
217 
632 

1,324 
81 
311 
179 
382 
175 
221 
679 
299 
2C5 

l,4:i8 
408 

1,744 
639 
997 

1,543 
142 
661 

1,225 

1,266 

2,154 
636 
182 

1,235 

1,004 
654 

1,025 

1,313 
265 

2,277 

2,675 
108 


PtaMk 


County. 


Lynch tp. 

Lynchburg tp. 

Lynchburg p.T. 

Lynchburg p.tp. 

Lynchburg _p.T. 

Lynchburg x. 

Lynd -..p.tp. 

Lyndeborough p.tp. 

Lynden tp. 

Lyndon tp. 

Lyndon p.T, 

Lyndon..,. tp. 

Lyndon tp. 

Lyndon tp. 

Lyndon p.T. 

Lyndon tp. 

Lyndon tp. 

Lyndon  Centre . p.T. 

Lyndon  Station p.T. 

Lyndon  Station -...p.T, 

Lyndon  vllie p.T. 

Lyndonville p.T. 

Lynn -..tp. 

Lynn h. 

Lynn tp. 

Lynn „ tp. 

Lynn tp. 

Lynn p.T. 

Lynn „ tp. 

Lynn c. 

Lynn p.tp, 

Lynn tp. 

Lynn tp. 

Lynn tp. 

Lynn „ tp. 

Lynn tp. 

Lynn p.tp. 

Lynnfleld p.tp. 

Lynnfiold  Centre. ..p.T. 

Lynn  Grove tp. 

Lynnport p.v. 

Lynnville p.tp. 

LynnviUe tp. 

Lynnville p.T. 

Lynnville p.T. 

Lynnville p.h. 

LynnTille p.T. 

Lynnville  Station..v. 

Lynxville t. 

Lyon - tp. 

Lyon tp. 

Lyon tp. 

Lyon tp. 

Lyon tp. 

Lyon tp. 

Lj-on tp. 

Lyon tp. 

Lyon tp. 

Lyons tp. 

Lyons p.T. 

Lyons p.v. 

Lyons c. 

Lyons tp. 

Lyons tp. 

Lyons p.T. 

Lyons tp. 

Lyons ]i.t. 

Lyons tp. 

Lyons p.h. 

Lyons tp. 

Lyons p.T. 

Lyons p.T. 

L.von8 tp. 

Lyons tp. 

Lyons p.T. 

Lyonsilale p.tp. 

Lyon's  Plains v. 

Lyon's  Station p.v. 

Lyonsville v. 

Lyra (p. 

Lysander tp. 

Lysander p.v. 

Lyfle  City p.h. 

Lytleville h. 

MacAfeo p.T. 

JlacAlevy's  Fort.... p.v. 
MacAIIigterville....p.T. 

MacArthnr tp. 

Mac  .Arthur p.T. 

MacCalniont. tp. 

MacCamcron tp. 

MacCamish tp. 

MacCandless tp. 


Texas- 

Mason , 

Highland 

Sumter 

Moore 

Campbell ...... 

Lyon 

Hillsborough.. 

Stearns... 

Whiteside 

Whiteside 

Washtenaw-.. 
Cattaraugus- 
Caledonia  

Caledonia 

Juneau 

Shclx>ygan .... 

Caledonia 

Ross 

Juneau 

Orleans 

Caledonia 

Henry 

Henry 

Knox 

Woodford 

Posey 

Randolph— 

Sioux- 

Essex 

St.  Clair 

McLeod 

Cedar 

Oregon.- 

Hardin 

Lehigli 

Clark 

Essex 

Essex 

Jasper 

Lehigh 

Morgan 

Ogle 

Warrick 

Jasper 

Graves 

Giles 

Giles 

Crawford 

Hamilton 

Lyon 

Cherokee 

Cloud 

Davis 

Oakland 

Franklin 

Knox , 

Lewis 

Cook 

Cook 

Greene 

Clinton 

Clinton , 

Mills 

Rice , 

Ionia 

Ionia , 

Lyon , 

Burt 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Fulton , 

Orangeburg 

Walworth 

Walworth 

Lewis 

Fairfield 

Berks , 

Blorris 

Blue  Eitith 

Onondaga 

Onondaga 

Iowa 

McLean 

fiercer 

Huntingdon 

Juniata 

Logan.... 

Vinton 

Joflerson , 

Martin 

Johnson 

Alleghany 


State. 


Mo.... 

Ill 

Ohio.. 
8.  C, 
Tenu.... 

Va 

Minn  ... 

N.  U 

Minn  .„ 

Ill 

Ill 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

Vt 

Vt 

Wis 

Wis 

Vt 

Ohio 

Wis 

N.  Y 

Vt 

Ill 

Ill , 

III 

Ill 

Ind , 

Ind , 

Iowa... 
Mass ... 
Mich... 
Minn .. 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio.... 

P« 

Wis 

Mass-.. 
Mass.... 
Iowa.... 

Pa 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Ky 

Tenn.... 
Tenn.-. 

Wis 

Iowa.... 
Iowa. ... 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Mich.-. 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Mich..- 
Mich.... 
Minn... 

Nel> 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

S.  C 

Mis 

Wis 

N.  Y 

Conn.... 

Pa 

N.  J 

Minn  ... 
N.  Y.... 

N.  Y 

Iowa.... 

Ill 

Ky 

Pa. 

Pa 

Oliia.... 

Ohio 

Pa 

Ind 

Kan 

Pa. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  EETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


MacCauleyvillo p.tp. 

MacClellau tp. 

MiicClellan tp. 

MacClcllaD(l9vilie...p.h. 
MacClellandtown...p.h. 

MacCIuney p.h. 

MacClure «..p.h. 

JliicComb p.T. 

MacComb p.  v. 

MacCoiinelUbiirg...p.b. 
MacConiiell8town..p.v. 
MacConiiell8villo...p.v, 

BlacCordsville p.  v. 

MacCiine p.v. 

MacCutcheuviIlo...p.v. 

StacDade p.v. 

JIacDanieU p.b. 

Mac  Daniels tp. 

tiac  Donald tp. 

MacDonald tp. 

MacDonald tp. 

SlacDonald p.T. 

iIacI)oDaldBville...tp. 
MacDouaId8ville....p.h. 

MacDonougb p.h. 

jiUHcDonougli p.T. 

.acDonough tp. 

acDonough p.T. 

•'Maccdon tp. 

Macedon p.v. 

Hacedon p.h. 

Macedon  Centre.... p.T. 

Macedonia p.tp, 

Macedonia v. 

Macedonia  Depot  ..p.T. 

MacEwenBville p.b. 

MacFall p.T. 

MacFarland p.T. 

MacGaheygville  ....p.T. 
MacGonigle'sStat'n.p.h, 

MacGrawville- p.T. 

MacGregor p.T. 

MacIIenry tp. 

Macllenry p.T. 

BlacIIenry p.T, 

Macllenry tp. 

Macliias p.tp, 

Machiag tp. 

Machiag p.T. 

Macliia-sport. tp. 

Macliiasport p.T. 

Maclndoe'g  Falls... p.T. 

Maclntyre tp. 

Maclntyre p.T. 

MacKean tp. 

MacKean tp. 

MacKean p.b. 

MacKeo tp. 

MacKee p.h. 

MacKeen p.h. 

MacKeesport p.b. 

MacKendree  Stat'n.p.h. 

Mack  ey  burg v. 

Mackford tp. 

Mackinac p.T. 

Mackinaw tp. 

Mackinaw p.T. 

MacKinney p.T. 

MacKinney p.T. 

5IacKnightstown...p.T. 

Blacksburg p.T. 

Macksburg p.v. 

Macksville h. 

Macksville p.T. 

Mackville h. 

Mackville p.T. 

MacLainsborougJi  .h. 

MacLean p.T. 

Mac  Loan tp. 

MacLean p.T. 

M.icLean tp. 

Mac  Leaugbo  rough. p.T. 
MacLemoresville...p.T. 

MacMillan tp. 

MacMillan'g tp. 

MacMillen p.T, 

MacMinnville p.T. 

MaeMinnville p.T. 

MacNeiU'g tp. 

MacNett tp. 

lUcNutt p.h. 


County. 


Wilkin 

Jefferson 

Newton 

New  Castle 

Fayette 

Perry , 

Snyder , 

Pike 

Hancock 

Fulton , 

Huntingdon , 

Morgan 

Hancock 

Crawford , 

Wyandot , 

Bastrop , 

Breckenridge 

Sampson 

Barry 

Jasper , 

Hardin 

Washington , 

Polk 

Stark 

New  Castle 

Henry 

Chenango 

Chenango 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Mercer. 

Wayne 

Pottawattamie..., 

Maury , 

Sumniit„ 

Northumberland 

Gentry , 

Dane 

Itockingham 

Butler 

Cortland , 

Clayton 

McHenry , 

McHenry 

Ohio 

Lycoming 

Washington 

Cattaraugus 

Cattaraugus , 

Washington 

Wasliington 

Caledonia 

Lycoming , 

Lycoming , 

Licking , 

£rle , 

Erie , 

Adams 

Jackson 

Clark , 

Alleghany , 

Fayette  _ , 

Schuylkill , 

Green  Lake , 

Mackinac 

Tazewell 

Tazewell , 

Lincoln , 

Collin 

Adams 

Madison 

Waghington 

Randolph 

Vigo 

Piatt 

Washington 

Hill 

McLean 

Ramsey 

Tompkins 

Shelby 

Hamilton 

Carroll 

McDonald 

Marion 

Gila 

Yam  Hill 

Warren 

Moore 

Lycoming 

Leflore ._ m..... 


State. 


Minn... 

Ill 

Ind 

Del 

Pa. 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Miss 

Ohio 

Pa , 

Pa , 

Ohio 

Ind 

Kan 

Ohio 

Tex 

Ky 

N.  C... 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio 

Pa 

Minn .., 
Ohio.... 

Del 

Ga , 

N.  Y 

N.  Y„.., 
N.  Y_... 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

N.  Y 

Iowa  ... 
Tenn._, 
Ohio..... 

Pa. 

Mo 

Wis 

Va 

Ohio...., 

N.  Y 

Iowa.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ky 

Pa 

Me 

N.  Y 

N.  Y_... 

Me , 

Me , 

Vt 

Pa 

Pa 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Ill 

Ky 

Ill 

Pa 

W.Va. 

Pa 

Wig. 

Mich.... 

HI 

Ill 

Ky 

Tex 

Pa 

Iowa.... 
Ohio .... 

Ind 

Ind 

HI 

Ky 

Tex.-... 

Ill 

Ml 
N. 


linn . 
.Y.. 


OIiio„ 
III.. 


Tenn.... 

Mo 

S.  C 

Arizona 
Oregon. 
Tenn.... 

N.  C 

Pa 

Mis8...« 


Popalation. 


1870.   1880. 


117 
98G 
141 


319 
652 


1,646 


843 
509 

2,o;» 

900 


320 
1,280 


2,636 
451 


517 
2,074 
1.1 


309 
2,525 
1,170 


1,526 


674 


990 
1,426 

126 
1,410 


2,623 


1,251 


1,379 
496 


600 
442 


1,309 
683 


1,635 


1,172 
632 


291 

1,025 
155 
42 
90 
66 
94 

1,982 
417 
684 
308 

1,473 
180 
170 
230 
140 
79 

1,086 
659 

1,181 

1,449 

425 

600 

65 

40 

320 

1,298 
284 

2,871 

538 

75 

158 

1,061 

1,672 
219 
283 
115 
168 
329 
70 
637 

1,602 

2,313 
874 
124 
362 

2,203 

1,545 
333 

1,531 
698 
355 

1,637 

1,230 
981 

1,394 
210 

1,302 
88 
98 

8,212 
44 
147 

1,382 
720 

1,627 
482 
200 

1,479 

127 

204 

249 

61 

250 

97 

168 

30 

490 

348 

320 

1,545 

1,341 
151 
632 

2,120 
1.50 
670 

1,244 

1,213 
399 
83 


Place. 


Macomb ....c. 

Macomb tp, 

Macomb P.tp. 

Macomb p.tp, 

Macon „..c. 

Macon „..tp. 

Macon tp. 

Macon p.tp. 

Macon p.T. 

Macon  City c. 

MacPaul p.h. 

MacPherson tp. 

MacPherson p.T. 

MacPherson tp. 

MacPherson  ville...h. 
MacSherrystown  ...p.v. 

MacTier tp. 

Macungle p.b. 

MacVeytown„ p.b. 

MacVille p.T. 

Macwahoc p.tp, 

MacWhlrter8vllIe..v. 

Macy p.T. 

Madawagka .....tp. 

Madbury tp. 

Maddensville _.p.h. 

Madeira p.v. 

Madelia tp. 

Madelia p.v. 

Madera p.v. 

Madera p.v. 

Madison p.v. 

Madison p.tp. 

Madison p.b. 

Madison p.v. 

Madison p.T. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison c. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison >, tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison'- tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison*- tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison  ...............p.v. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison p.T. 

Madison p.v. 

Madison tp. 

Madi>!on tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison  ' tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison p.v. 

Madison tp. 

Madison p.T. 

Madison p.tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison p.T. 

Madison tp. 

Madison p.T. 

Madison tp. 

Madison...... tp. 


County. 


McDonough ., 
McDonough.. 

Macomb 

St.  Lawrence . 

Bibb 

Bureau 

Harvey- 

Lenawee 

Noxubee 

Macon 

Fremont 

McPherson.... 
McPherson.... 
Blue  Earth.... 

Hampton , 

Adams 

Aiken 

Lehigh- , 

Mifflin 

Telfair , 

Aroostook 

Davidson 

Sliami 

Aroostook 

Strafford 

Huntingdon... 

Hamilton 

Watonwan .... 
Watonwan .... 

Fresno 

Clearfield 

St.  Francis .... 
New  HaTen... 


Madison 

Morgan 

Richland 

Allen 

Carroll 

Clinton-. 

Daviess 

Dubois 

Jay 

Jefferson 

Jefferson „ 

Montgomery .. 

Morgan 

Pike 

Putnam., 

St.  Joseph 

Tipton 

Washington-.. 

Buchanan 

Butler 

Clarke 

Fremont 

Hancock 

Johnson 

Jones 

Lee 

Madison , 

Mahaska 

Polk 

Poweshiek 

Winneshiek-.., 

Greenwood 

Greenwood 

Liucoln 

Riley 

Somerset 

Somerset 

Dorchester 

Lenawee 

Lac  Qui  Parle. 

Cedar 

Clarke 

Grundy 

Harrison 

Jasper 

Jolinson 

Mercer 

Monroe 

Polk , 

Madison 

Carroll 

Middlesex 

Morris , 

Madison 

Madison 

Guilford 

Rockingham ... 


State. 


Ill 

Ill 

Micb.„. 
N.Y— 

Ga. , 

111 

Kan-.. 
Mich..., 
Miss-.., 

Mo 

Iowa..., 
Kan  „.. 

Kan 

Minn.., 

S.  C 

Pa 

8.  C 

Pa. 

Pa- 

Ga- 

Me 

Tenn ... 

Ind 

Me 

N.  U.... 

Pa 

Ohio 

Minn... 
Minn... 

Cal 

Pa 

Ark 

Conn  ... 
Dakota. 

Fla 

Ga- 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.,.. 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa,... 
Iowa. ... 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan-... 
Kan-... 

Me 

Me 

Md 

Mich.... 
Slinn... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Neb 

N.  II.,.. 

N.  J 

N.  J  -... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  0 

N.  0-... 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


2.748 
1,219 
1,805 
1,673 
10,810 
839 


1,439 

975 

3,678 


703 
685 

"iio 


1,041 
408 


1,814 


1,163 

1,278 

727 

865 

1,440 


1,279 

10,709 

4,865 

974 

1,042 

723 

1,043 

1,697 

1,729 

835 

661 

293 

419 

1,277 

191 

800 

1,067 

4,230 

1,036 

053 

2,026 

7G9 

891 

284 


1,401 


1,294 


1,561 

1,060 

1,396 

861 


3,329 
2,021 


1,361 


646 
1,634 


2,402 

""»4o 


3,140 

3,273 

2,045 

1,731 

12,749 

768 

674 

1,423 

2,074 

3,04S 

3.1 

2,267 

1,690 

1,017 

8» 

439 

650 

701 

679 

184 

18T 

176 

290 

1,391 

39T 

26 

199 

678 

489 

217 

148 

145 

1,672 

9#» 

759 

1,974 

1,672 

1,477 

785 

1,313 

1,74.? 

1,171 

1,371 

8,945 

4,.583 

1,142 

863 

74S 

1,090 

1,907 

2,074 

903 

710 

475 

71S 

1,089 

227 

625 

1,262 

4,80U 

842 

954 

1,892 

805 

781 

849 

123 

32:i 

727 

1,315 

151 

319 

1,313 

222 

1,693 

903 

1,091 

1,089 

1,2;J4 

3,012 

1,286 

315 

1,709 

417 

586 

1,002 

1,758 

2,474 

320 

829 

1,861 


1  In  1870,  Including  Earlham. 


s  In  1870,  parts  to  Crocker  and  Lincoln. 


»  In  1872,  part  to  Gaylir. 


335 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PlM*. 


Msdlaon ^^.\>.r. 

Miullaon.... ..«..tp. 

Madison „...t. 

Uodlaon ^ tp. 

Mndiaon ^.tp. 

Maditon tp. 

MitdisoD tp. 

Madlton tp. 

lliidlson tp. 

Madlion tp. 

MadiaoD tp. 

Madison t|>. 

Madlion tp. 

Madison ....p.r. 

Madison...... tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison..... tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison tp. 

Mudison V. 

Madison tp. 

Madison ....tp. 

Madison tp. 

Madison p.b. 

Madison t. 

Madison c. 

Madison tp. 

Madisonburg p.h. 

Madison  burg p.T. 

Madison  C.  II .p.T. 

Madison  Station. ...p.T. 

Madisonville p.T. 

Madisonville p.T, 

Madisonville p.h. 

Madisonville b. 

Madisonville p.T. 

Madrid t. 

Madrid tp. 

Madrid p.h. 

Madrid „ tp. 

Madrid p.T. 

Mad  River tp. 

Stad  RlTer tp. 

Mad  River p.tp. 

Mad  River tp. 

Maesville tp. 

Magazine p.  v. 

Magnolia p.T. 

Magnolia p.T. 

Magnolia. p.T. 

Magnolia tp. 

Magnolia. .......p.T. 

Magnolia tp. 

Magnolia p.T. 

Magnolia...'. p.h. 

Magnolia. p.T. 

Magnolia. tp. 

Magnolia p.T. 

Magnolia tp. 

Magnolia. ...p.T. 

Magnolia p.T. 

Magnolia tp. 

Magnolia p.T. 

Magnolia. p.tp. 

Magor tp. 

MabalasviUe p.h. 

Mabanoy  t tp. 

Mabanoy  City p. v. 

Mabomet„ tp. 

Mahomet p.T. 

Mahon - h. 

Mahoning tp. 

Mahoning p.T. 

Malioning tp. 

Mahoning .....tp. 

Mahoning tp. 

MahonlDgtown._...T. 

Mah-to-w-a p.T. 

Maiden  Creek p.tp. 

Maiden  Rock «tp. 

Maiden  Rock p.T. 

Maidstone tp. 

MaidsvUle p.b. 

Maine tp. 


Camntf. 


Rockingham .... 

Uutlor 

Butler 

Clark- 

Columbiana-.... 

Falrfleld -... 

Fayette. , 

Franklin 

Querusey 

Hancock 

Highland 

.lackson -..., 

Lake 

Lake 

Licking 

Montgomery  ... 
Muskingum-... 

Porry 

Picka>vay_ 

Richland 

Sandusky— 

Scioto 

Vinton „.... 

WiUiama 

Armstrong 

Clarion 

Chester „.., 

Columbia 

Lackawanna...., 

Porry , 

Westmoreland., 

Amherst. 

Dane 

Dane 

Wayne.... 

Centre , 

Madison 

Madison , 

Hopkins 

St.  Tammany.... 

Ralls , 

Somerset 

Hamilton- 

Boone 

Franklin , 

Franklin 

St.  Lawrence 

St.  Lawrence 

Humboldt 

Champaign , 

Clark 

Montgomery..., 

Grant 

Logan 

Columbia 

Boulder -..., 

Kent , 

Putnam 

Putnam 

Harrison 

Harrison 

Harford 

Essex- 

Rock- 

Pike 

Duplin 

Duplin 

Stark 

AbbeTille 

Sumter 

Rock 

Hancock 

Morgan 

Schuylkill 

Schuylkill 

Champaign 

Champaign 

Huntington...... 

Armstrong 

Armstrong 

Carbon 

Lawrence.- 

Montour 

Lawrence.- 

Carlton 

Berks 

Pierce 

Pierce 

Essex 

Monongalia 

Cook 


SUte. 


N.O.. 

Ohio. 

Ohio. 

Ohio. 

Ohio. 

Ohio. 

Ohio. 

Ohio. 

Ohio. 

Ohio, 

Ohio. 

Ohio, 

Ohio 

Ohio, 

Ohio, 

Ohio-... 

Ohio 

Ohio, 

Ohio 

Ohio, 

Ohio, 

Ohio, 

Ohio. 

Ohio. 

Pa.... 

Pa.... 

Pa-.. 

Pa.... 

Pn-.. 

Pa.... 

Pa.... 

Va... 

Wis.. 

Wis.. 

Ohio, 

Pa.... 

Va... 

Ala.. 

Ky... 

La. .. 


Mo.... 
N.J. 
Ohio., 
Iowa. 
He... 
Me.... 
N.  Y.. 
N.Y- 
Cal.... 
Ohio., 
Ohio.. 
Ohio., 
Minn 
Ark.- 
Ark.-... 

Col 

Del 

Ill 

lU 

Iowa.... 
Iowu..„ 

Md 

Mass .... 
Minn... 

Miss 

N.  C 

N.C. 

Ohio 

8.C 

S.  C 

Wis 

Iowa.... 

Ind 

Pa 

Pa. 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa. 

Minn  .- 

Pa 

Wis.-... 

Wis 

Vt 

W.  Va„. 
HI 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


295 
2,450 


1,905 
1,2(12 
1,292 

i,aoo 

3,440 

1,170 

9C7 

3,201 

2,174 

2,913 

757 

069 

2,097 

1,072 

686 

883 

9,550 

985 

1,578 

1,C23 

1,532 

1,621 

1,936 


1,080 
1,630 
1,677 


9,170 
857 


1,022 


2,071 


1,803 
1,873 
1,867 


1,667 


1,606 


1,790 


1,156 


9,400 
6,533 
1,401 


1,402 


1,689 
1,898 
1,036 


1,615 
601 


1,808 


361 

2,655 

197 

2,396 

1,144 

1.387 

1,405 

3,853 

1,160 

1,232 

3,508 

2,113 

2,720 

793 

929 

2,306 

1,128 

714 

896 

11,675 

1,886 

1,852 

2,217 

1,798 

1,950 

2,100 

164 

1,074 

1,091 

1,699 

190 

726 

10,324 

7:i5 

87 

170 

461 

410 

1,544 

441 

50 

49 

1,274 

200 

437 

44 

2,145 

761 

638 

1,997 

1,812 

2,091 

1,59 

478 

536 

157 

193 

1,490 

305 

1,285 

194 

61 

212 

240 

567 

2,000 

403 

121 

2,652 

151 

1,143 

120 

83 

4,450 

7,181 

1,450 

771 

44 

1,930 

146 

1,903 

1,767 

1,142 

312 

143 

1,714 

1,375 

319 

286 

44 

2,346 


Maine ....tp. 

Maine p.tp. 

Maine tp. 

Maine p.T. 

Maine tp. 

Maine tp. 

Maine tp. 

Miiine  Pralrio* p.tp. 

Maine  Prairie p.tp. 

Mainland...- p.b. 

Mainsburg p.b. 

Maiiisville b. 

Mainville - p.T. 

Maitland p.  v. 

Majenica p.h. 

Majority  Point v. 

Makauda - p.tp. 

Makeo - tp. 

Malad  City p.T. 

Malaga. p.T, 

Malaga. tp. 

Malaga p.T, 

Malakn tp. 

Malcolm - p.h, 

Malcom tp. 

Malcom p.T, 

Maiden - p.T, 

Maiden .p.tp. 

Maiden p.v. 

Maiden p.v. 

Maiden  Bridge jkt. 

Mallard  Creek tp. 

Mallory tp. 

MalloryviUo h. 

Mulone tp. 

Malono- p.h, 

Malone tp. 

Malone p.T. 

MalottviUe b. 

Malta p.T. 

Malui tp. 

Malta p.T. 

Malta p.tp. 

Malta tp. 

Malta p.T. 

Malta  Bend p.T. 

Malvern p.T. 

Mamakating tp. 

Mamaroneck p.tp, 

Mammoth t. 

Mam  re tp. 

Manada  IIIll p.h. 

Manahawkln p.T, 

Manakin v. 

Manalapan p.tp, 

Mananab tp. 

Mananah p.T, 

Manassa p.v. 

Manassas »...p.T. 

Mannwa p.T. 

Mancelona tp. 

Mancelona p.v. 

Manchester p.tp, 

Manchester. tp. 

Manchester. p.T, 

Manchester. tp. 

Manchester p.T, 

Manchester p.T. 

Manchester p.h. 

Manchester. p.tp. 

Manchester p.v. 

Alanchester. p.tp. 

Manchester tp. 

Manchester p.T. 

Manchester P.tp. 

Manchester p.T, 

Manchester c. 

Manchester. tp. 

Manchester p.T, 

Manchester tp. 

Manchester. tp, 

Manchester p.T, 

Manchester. tp, 

Manchester p.v, 

Manchester tp. 

Manchester v, 

Slancbester tp. 

Manchester tp. 

Manchester p.b, 

Manchester tp. 

Manchester p.T, 


Connty. 


Linn 

Otter  Tail- , 

Broome 

Broome 

Columbia 

Marathon 

Outagamie 

Suluno , 

Stearns 

Montgomery 

Tioga - 

Franklin 

Warren 

Mifflin 

Huntington 

Cumberland 

Jackson 

Allamakee 

Oneida 

Gloucester 

Monroe- 

Monroe- 

Jasper 

Lancaster- 

Poweshiek 

Poweshiek 

Bureau 

Middlesex 

Dunklin 

Kanawha. 

Columbia 

Mecklenburg 

Clayton 

Tompkins , 

Tazewell , 

Clinton 

Franklin 

Franklin , 

Paulding 

Lake „,. 

Do  Kalb 

Do  Kalb 

Saratoga 

Morgan 

Morgan- 

Saline 

Mills 

Sullivan 

Westchester 

Mono 

Kandiyohi 

Dauphin 

Ocean 

Goochland 

Monmouth , 

Meeker 

Meeker 

Conejos 

Prince  William.. 

Waupaca 

Antrim. 

Antrim 

Hartford 

Boone 

Scott 

Dearborn 

Dearborn.- 

Delaware 

Clay 

Kennebec- 

Carroll , 

Essex 

Washtenaw , 

Washtenaw,- 

Freeborn 

St.  Louis 

Hillsborough 

Ocean 

Ocean 

Passaic 

Ontario 

Ontario 

Adams 

Adams 

Morgan 

Summit- 

Wayne 

York 

York 

Sumter 

Coffee- 


State. 


Iowa..., 
Minn  ... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

l-a 

Wis 

Wis 

Cal 

Minn .. 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Ohio-.. 

Pa 

Ind 

Ill 

Ill 

lowa.- 
Idabo.. 

N.  J 

Ohio..., 
Ohio.... 
Iowa... 
Neb..-, 
Iowa.  - 
Iowa... 

Ill 

Mass... 

Mo 

W,  Va., 
N.  Y..„ 
N.  C„„ 
Iowa... 
N.  Y„,. 

Ill 

Iowa.., 
N.Y.... 
N.  Y-.. 
Ohio..., 

Col 

Ill 

Ill 

N.  Y-„ 
Ohio.... 
Ohio. ,. 

Mo 

Iowa... 
N.  Y..„ 
N.  Y-.. 

Cal 

Minn .. 

Pa 

N.J 

Va. 

N.J 

Minn  .. 
Minn.. 

Col 

Va 

Wis 

Mich... 
Mich... 
Conn... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa... 

Ky 

Me 

Md 

Mass.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minu .. 

Mo 

N.  H 

N.  J 

N.  J 

N.  J , 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

S.O 

Tenn.... 


836 


I  In  1876,  part  to  West  Mahanoy. 


*  In  1871,  part  to  Elmlra. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


County. 


Mancheeter .....p.tp. 

Manchester c. 

!  Manchester v. 

I  Manchester tp. 

i  Manchester p.T. 

'  Manchester tp. 

!  Matulun T. 

I  Mandana p.h. 

i  Mandarin p.v. 

:  Mandeville p.v. 

I  Mandeville p.h. 

!  Mandota p.v. 

;  Mandt tp. 

i  Manfred tp. 

I  Manguni tp. 

!  Manhasset p.v. 

I  Manliattan p.tp, 

i  Manhattan tp. 

I  Manhattan p.v. 

I  Manheim tp. 

t  Manlieim tp. 

:  Manheim p.b. 

j  Manheim tp. 

j  Manilla p.v. 

I  Manistee c. 

1  Manistee tp. 

)  Manistique p.tp. 

.  Manito tp. 

j  Manito p.v. 

;  Manitoii p.v. 

I  Manitowoc c. 

Manitowoc tp. 

!  Manitowoc  llapids.tp. 
j  Manitowoc  llapids.p.v. 

I  Mankato p.v. 

!  Mankato c. 

Mankato tp. 

Manliiis p.tp. 

Manlius' tp. 

Manlius tp. 

Manliug tp. 

Manlius p.v. 

Manly p.v. 

Manly  Junction. ...p.h. 

Manly  ville p.v. 

Mann tp. 

Manney's  Neck tp. 

Manning tp. 

Manning P.tp. 

Manning tp. 

Mannington tp. 

Mannsville p.h. 

Mannsville p.v. 

Manor tp. 

Manor tp. 

Manor p.v. 

Uanorville p.v. 

Manorville p.b. 

t  Mansfield p.tp, 

.  Mansfield p.v. 

Mansfield p.h. 

Mansfield p.v, 

Mansfield tp. 

Mansfield p.v. 

'■  Mansfield p.tp, 

Mansfield tp. 

Mansfield tp. 

Mansfield tp. 

Mansfield c, 

.  Mansfield b. 

Mansfield p.b. 

I  Mansfield p.v. 

Mansfield  Depot..,.p.h. 

Hanson p.v. 

Hanston p.tp. 

Kanteno tp. 

Manteno ...p:v. 

Uanti p.v. 

Han  ton p.v. 

Uanton p.v. 

MantorvilleS tp. 

Mantorville p.v. 

Mantnii tp. 

Uantua p.tp. 

Mantua p.tp. 

[Mantua  Station p.v. 

iManville p.v. 

Many p.v. 

Manyaska tp. 

Maple tp. 

Maple tp. 


Bennington- 

Chesterfield 

Hancock 

Green  Lake 

Green  Lake 

Jackson 

Burleigh , 

Onondaga 

Duval 

St.  Tammany 

Carroll 

Washington 

Chippewa 

Lac  Qui  Parle.... 

Orange 

Queens 

Will „. 

lliley 

Uiley 

Herkimer 

Lancaster 

Lancaster 

York 

Rush 

Manistee 

Manistee 

Schoolcraft 

Mason 

Mason 

Kl  1*080 

Manitowoc 

Manitowoc 

Manitowoc 

Manitowoc 

Jewell 

Blue  Earth 

Blue  Kartb 

Bureau 

La  Salle 

Allegan 

Onondaga 

Onondaga 

Moore 

Worth 

Henry 

Bedford 

Hertford 

Nash 

Clarendon 

Marion 

Snlem 

Taylor 

Jefferson 

Armstrong 

Lancaster 

Travis 

Suffolk 

Armstrong 

Tolland 

Piatt 

Parke 

DeSoto 

Bristol 

Bristol 

Freeborn 

Burlington 

Warren 

Cattaraugus 

Bichland 

Alleghany , 

Tioga 

Tarrant 

Tolland , 

Calhoun , 

Wilkin 

Kankakee 

Kankakee , 

San  Pete 

Wexford 

Providence , 

Dodge , 

Dodge , 

Monroe , 

Gloucester , 

Portage 

Portage , 

Providence , 

Sabine 

Martin 

Ida 

Monona 


Vt 

Va 

W.Vo... 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Dakota. 

N.  Y 

Fla. 

La 

Mo 

Va 

Minn  .. 
Minn .. 
N.  C 

N.  y 

Ill 

Kan .... 
Kiin .... 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Ind 

Mich... 
Mich.... 
Mich, 

111 

III.... 
Col .. 
Wis.. 
Wis... 
Wis... 

Wis 

Kan 

Minn... 
Minn ... 

Ill 

Ill 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

N.Y 

N.  C 

Iowa.... 
Teun ... 

Pa 

N.  C 

N.  C 

S.  C 

S.O 

N.J 

Ky 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Pa 

Tex 

N.Y 

Pa 

Conn  ... 

Ill 

Ind 

La. 

Mass.... 
Mass.... 
Minn .. 

N.J 

N.  J 

N.  Y 

Ohio...., 

Pa. 

Pa 

Tex , 

Conn..., 
Iowa..., 
Minn... 

Ill 

Ill 

Utah..., 
Mich.... 
B.  I.... 
Minn .. 
Minn... 
Iowa.... 

N.  J 

Ohio...., 
Ohio...., 

B.  I 

La 

Minn .. 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 


Population. 


1,897 
2,599 


1,140 


2,465 


922 
790 
1,173 
2,000 
2,003 
1,122 
1,159 


3,343 
271 


1,352 
375 


6,168 
1,010 
1,860 


3,482 
1,272 

973 
2,463 

641 
6,833 

879 


1,313 


1,278 

858 

2,361 


1,071 
4,371 


330 
2,401 


813 
2,432 


379 
2,880 
1,997 
1,135 
8,029 


616 


1,681 
*r,23*9 


1,969 
622 
1,186 
1,897 
1,126 


141 


1,928 

6,729 

294 

1,199 

110 

605 

239 

91 

927 

753 

85 

112 

172 

138 

2,3.54 

607 

930 

961 

2,105 

2,421 

2,935 

1,006 

1,293 

222 

6,930 

773 

693 

1,237 

134 

422 

6,367 

1,282 

2,077 

116 

606 

6,650 

1,284 

984 

2,114 

1,026 

5,954 

834 

161 

84 

105 

834 

1,482 

1,785 

1,440 

1,770 

2,230 

77 

473 

1,508 

6,186 

120 

318 

327 

2,154 

398 

83 

770 

2,765 

1,680 

652 

1,648 

1,709 

1,106 

9,869 

1,172 

1,611 

249 

83 

377 

237 

1,519 

632 

1,748 

214 

200 

832 

477 

1,217 

1,718 

1,150 

215 

2,074 

143 

271 


Place, 


Maple tp. 

Maple  Creek tp. 

Maple  Forest tp. 

Maple  Grove p.tp. 

Mnple  Grove tp. 

Maple  Grove tp. 

Maple  Grove p.tp. 

Maple  Grove tp. 

Maple  Grove p.tp. 

Maple  Grove tp. 

Maple  Hill p.tp. 

Maplo  Lake p.tp. 

Maple  Park p.v. 

Maple  Plain p.v. 

Maple  Rapids p.v. 

Maple  Ridge tp. 

Maple  Ridge v. 

Maple  Ridge p.tp. 

Maple  River tp. 

Maple  Biver  Junc.p.v. 

Maples p.v. 

Mapleton p.v. 

Mnpleton p.v. 

Mapleton p.h. 

Mapleton p.tp. 

Mapleton V. 

Mapleton tp. 

Mapleton p.v. 

Mapleton b. 

Mapleton  Station...p.v. 

Mapletown h. 

Mapletown v. 

Maple  Valley tp. 

Maple  Valley p.tp. 

Maple  Valley tp. 

Maple  Valley p.tp. 

Mapleville p.v. 

Maplewood p.v. 

Maplewood h. 

Maplewood p.v. 

Maplewood v. 

MappsvlUe h. 

Maquoketa tp. 

Maquoketa p.v. 

Maquon tp. 

Maquon p.v, 

Maramec tp, 

Maramec tp, 

Maramec tp. 

Maramec p.tp, 

Marathon tp, 

Marathon tp. 

Marathon p.v. 

Marathon p.v, 

Marathon tp. 

Marble  Hall v. 

Marblehead p.h. 

Marblohead p.tp. 

Marble  Hill p.v. 

Marble  Kock p.v. 

Marbletown p.tp. 

MarcelUne p.v. 

Marcellon p.tp 

Marcellus tp, 

Marcellus p.v. 

Marcellus tp. 

Marcellus p.v. 

Marchand p.v. 

Marco p.v. 

Mai'CUB -tp, 

Marcus p.v. 

Marcus  Hook v. 

Marcy tp. 

Marcy p.tp 

Marcy tp. 

Marena p.tp. 

Marengo tp. 

Marengo ~.p.v. 

Marengo tp. 

Marengo —p.v, 

Slarengo tp, 

Marengo -.p.v, 

Marengo p.h. 

Marengo p.h. 

Marengo p.h. 

Margaretta tp. 

Margaretville p.v. 

Mariah  Hill p.v, 

Marianna p.v. 

Marianna p.v, 

MariavlUe tp. 


County. 


Cowley 

Outagamie,.., 

Crawford 

Barry 

Manistee 

Saginaw 

Hennepin 

Barron 

Manitowoc,,,, 

Shawano 

Wabaunsee,... 

Wright 

Kane 

Hennepin 

Clinton 

Delta. 

Delta 

Isanti 

Einmett 

Carroll 

Allen 

Peoria 

Monona 

Bourbon 

Aroostook 

Clinton 

Blue  Earth.... 

Stark 

Huntingdon-. 
Blue  Earth.... 
Montgomery.. 

Greene 

Buena  Vista... 

Montcalm 

Sanilac 

Oconto 

Providence..., 

Cook , 

Fayette 

Middlesex-.... 

Essex 

Accomack 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Knox 

Knox 

Crawford 

Dent 

.Jefferson 

Phelps 

Lapeer 

Cortland 

Cortland 

Clermont 

Marathon 

Montgomery.. 

Adams 

Essex 

Bollinger 

Flovd 

Ulster 

Adams 

Columbia 

Cass 

Cass 

Onondaga. 

Onondaga. 

Indiana^ 

Greene 

Cherokee 

Cherokee 

Delaware 

Boone 

Oneida 

Luzerne 

Hodgeman ... 

McHenry 

McHeury-.,,, 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Calhoun , 

Calhoun , 

Wayne 

Morrow , 

Columbia. 

Erie 

Delaware 

Spencer 

Lee 

Jackson 

Hancock , 


Kan 

Wis 

Mich..,. 
Mich.,,. 
Mich.,,, 
Mich..., 
Minn  „ 

Wis 

Wig 

Wis 

Kan 

Minn,.. 

Ill 

Minn., 
Mich..,, 
Mich.., 
Mich.,.. 
Minn ... 
Mich.... 
Iowa.,., 

Ind 

Ill 

Iowa..., 
Kan- .. 

Me 

Mich... 
Minn... 
Ohio ... 

Pa 

Minn  ... 
N.  Y_.,. 

Pa 

Iowa.,,, 
Mich.,, 
Mich.,., 

Wis 

lil 

Ill 

Ind , 

Mass.... 
N.J-.. 

Va 

Iowa..., 
Iowa.... 

HI 

Ill 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo , 

Mich..,. 
N.  Y.. 
N.  Y-., 
Ohio-., 

Wis 

Pa 

Ill 

Mass  ,„ 

Mo 

Iowa,,. 
N.  Y-,. 

Ill 

Wig.-. 
Mich.. 
Mich.. 
N.  Y-. 
N,  Y„, 

Pa 

Ind.... 
Iowa,. 
Iowa., 

Pa , 

Iowa.. 
N.  Y... 

Pa 

Kan-,. 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa., 

Iowa.,,. 

Mich. 

Mich. 

N.Y- 

Ohio.. 

Wash 

Ohio.. 

N.Y- 

Ind.., 

Ark.- 

Fla.... 

Me.,.. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


631 

'i',328 


605 
1,014 


1,147 
'381 


444 
"683 
"389 


2,827 
1,756 
1,426 


907 

374 
2,704 
1,048 

986 
1,611 

871 


7,703 


920 
1,265 


2,.337 
428 


2,016 
1,451 


2,263 
1,327 
2,329 
1,093 
1,329 


1,622 


681 

81« 

80 

1,5.'J6 

97 

1,383 

1,155 

605 

1,523 

600 

604 

676 

885 

Ut5 

605 

242 

123 

376 

164 

128 

139 

135 

379 

53 

706 

121 

686 

106 

444 

861 

81 

122 

667 

2,293 

939 

689 

469 

72S 

44 

1,612 

429 

29 

2,188 

2,407 

1,448 

648 

1,954 

321 

3,097 

1,424 

1,702 

1,700 

1,006 

144 

871 

122 

50 

7,467 

266 

409 

8,970 

137 

835 

1,829 

6,'15 

2,678 

489 

115 

136 

412 

171 

816 

2,304 

1,413 

1,158 

465 

2,082 

1,264 

2,487 

1,738 

1,272 

118 

82 

91 

62 

2,302 

418 

128 

627 

686 


m, 


>  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


s  In  1870,  including  Tillages  of  Easson  and  Mantorville. 


337 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PlMMb 


MariaTiUe p.T. 

Maricup* ....b. 

Marietta ..p.T. 

Marietta ......p.r. 

Uariotta .^ p.T. 

Msrietu p.tp. 

Marietta..... p.  It. 

UarietU h. 

Marietta...... p.r. 

Marietta x. 

Marietta ..........tp. 

MarietU p.b. 

Marietta.. ..„ tp. 

Marilla p.tp. 

Marilla........... p.tp. 

Marine tp. 

Marine  > .........p.r. 

Marino tp. 

Marine p.r. 

Marine  City p.T. 

Mariner's  Uarbor_.p.T. 

Marinette tp. 

Marinette p.T. 

Marion p.T. 

Marion. p.T. 

Marion „....p.T. 

Marion tp. 

Marion.. «....tp. 

Marion p.T. 

Marion tp. 

Marion- tp. 

Marion- tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion- p.T. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion  > tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion- tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion. tp. 

Marion-...............tp. 

Marion- tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion- tp. 

Marion- tp. 

Marion - tp. 

Marion... tp. 

Marion- p.T. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion- tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion- tp. 

Marion- tp. 

Marion p.T. 

Marion- p.tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion- p.T. 

Marion- tp. 

Marion- tp. 

Marion- p.tp, 

Marion- tp. 

Marion- tp. 

Marion „. tp. 

Marion „ p.T. 

Marion- tp. 

Marion- tp. 

Marion- tp. 

Marion-....« p.b. 

Marion - tp. 

Marion ~ tp. 

Marion  * tp. 

Marion- tp. 

Marion- tp. 

Marion. tp. 

Marion- tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion- tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion. tp. 

Marion- p.T. 

Marion- tp. 

Marion. p.T. 

Marion- tp. 

Marion- tp. 


Ofwity. 


Scbenectady- 

I'inal 

Cobb 

Falton 

Sbolbjr 

Maraball 

Prentln. 

I^meralJa.... 

Onondaga 

Washington.. 
Wagliington.. 

Luucastt-r 

Crawford 

Manistee 

Erie 

Madison 

Madison 

Wosliington.. 
Wosliiugton- 

St.  Clair 

Uicbniond.... 

Marinette 

Marinette 

Perry 

Crittenden.... 

Turner 

Lee « 

Ogle 

Williamson... 

Allen 

Boone 

Decatur 

Dubois 

Grant 

Hendricks.... 

Jasper 

Jennings 

Lawrence 

Monroe 

Owen 

Pike 

Putnam 

Shelby 

Clayton 

Davis 

Franklin 

Hamilton 

Henry 

Lee — .. 

Linn 

Linn 

Marshall 

Plymouth 

Washington.. 

Bourbon 

Doniphan  -... 

Douglas 

Lincoln 

Nemaha 

Crittenden ... 
Washington.. 
Plymouth.... 

Plymouth 

Charlevoix... 
Livingston.... 

Osceola. 

Saginaw 

Sanilac 

Olmsted 

Olmsted 

Buchanan 

Christian 

Cole 

Colo 

Dade 

Daviess 

Grundy.- 

Harrison 

Jasper 

Mercer 

Monroe. 

Newton 

Ozark 

Polk 

St.  Francois... 

Wayne 

Wayne 

McDowell 

McDowell 

Allen 

Clinton 


Bute. 


N.T. 

Arixona 
Ga..... 

Ill 

Ind... 
Iowa. 
Miss. 
NeT.. 
N.  Y.. 
Ohio. 
Ohio.. 

Pa 

Wis... 
Mich. 
N.  Y- 

III 

Ill 

Minn  ... 
Minn .. 
Mich... 
N.  Y... 

Wis 

Wis 

Ala 

Ark.... 
Dak.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa... 

Iowa. .. 

Iowa... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa..., 

Iowa..., 

Iowa..., 

Iowa..., 

Iowa ..., 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Kan  - 

Kan. 

Kan. 

Kan.. 

Kan.. 

Ky.... 

Me.... 

Mass. 

Mass.. 

Blich. 

Mich. 

Mich. 

Mich. 

Mich. 

Minn 

Minn 

Mo.... 

Mo.... 

Mo... 

Mo.... 

Mo.... 

Mo.... 

Mo.... 

Mo.... 

Mo.... 

Mo.... 

Mo ..., 

Mo.... 

Mo.... 

Mo.... 

Mo.... 

N.Y. 

N.  Y.. 

N.C.- 

N.  C, 

Ohio., 

Ohio.. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


1,005 


6,218 
2,607 
2,397 
800 
1^9 
1,801 


1,698 
T,246 


2,646 


747 
1,030 


l,:n9 
1,786 
2,315 


1,658 
1,26:J 
1,629 
1,200 
3,006 

372 
1,767 
1,428 
1,453 

949 
1,066 

798 


885 
1,371 
1,335 
3,854 
1,822 

853 


1,124 

1,182 

658 

879 


102 
213 
896 


302 
1,111 


665 
929 


1,697 

473 

1,108 


414 
1,321 
2,284 
2,507 
3,964 
1,006 
2,107 
1,106 

745 
2,489 

854 
1,967 


1,943 


2,920 
1,592 


116 

96 

2,227 

118 

194 

990 

63 

fi5 

147 

6,444 

3,386 

2,60:} 

1,037 

166 

1,825 

l,9i!5 

774 

1,467 

460 

1,673 

434 

5,412 

2,760 

2,074 

199 

159 

902 

1,167 

881 

1,375 

2,307 

2,424 

920 

3,182 

1,298 

1,958 

1,071 

3,989 

493 

1,658 

1,605 

1,430 

1,126 

1,073 

955 

432 

1,111 

1,153 

1,124 

4,023 

l,9.-i9 

863 

529 

1,181 

1,811 

619 

1,417 

467 

370 

355 

182 

958 

375 

306 

1,255 

92 

80 

1,418 

873 

112 

1,726 

805 

1,846 

46 

594 

1,520 

1,307 

1,485 

6,316 

1,531 

2,273 

1,483 

1,(41 

3,282 

1,183 

2,100 

412 

2,312 

372 

4,488 

1,956 


Place. 


Marion. tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion. tp. 

Marion t. 

Marion tp. 

Marion p.T. 

Marion. tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marlon- tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion. b. 

Marion tp. 

Marion p.h. 

Marion p.T. 

Marion tp. 

Marion tp. 

Marion -..p.T. 

Marion tp. 

Marion  Centre p.T. 

Marion  C.  II p.T. 

Marion  Station p.T. 

MarionviUe p.v, 

Mariposa p.T. 

Mariposa tp. 

Mark tp. 

Mark  Centre p.T. 

Markelsville p.T. 

Markesan p.T. 

Markland p.T. 

Markle p.T. 

Markleeville p.h. 

Marklesburg b. 

Markleville p.v. 

Markleysburg p.h. 

Markoe p.T. 

Marksbo  rough p.h. 

Mark's  Creek tp. 

Marksville p.v. 

Marland  Village. ..v. 

Marllxjrough p.tp 

Marlborough p.tp 

Marlborough tp. 

Marlborough. p.v. 

Marlborough p.tp. 

Marlborough P  tp. 

Marlborough p.h. 

Marlborough tp. 

MarIl)orough tp. 

Marlborough p.v. 

Marlborough tp. 

Marlborough tp. 

Marlborough p.h. 

Marletfe tp. 

Marlette p.v. 

Marlow p.tp. 

Marlton p.T. 

Marmaton tp. 

Mamiaton p.tp. 

Mai-mont p.h. 

Maroa tp. 

Maroa p.v. 

Marplo p.tp. 

Marquand p.T. 

Marquette c. 

Marquette tp. 

Marquette p.tp. 

Marrowbone tp. 

Marrowbone p.h. 

Marrs tp. 

Marseilles p.v. 

Marseilles tp. 

Marseilles p.v. 

Marsh tp. 

Marshall p.v. 

Marshall tp. 

Marshall p.v. 

Marsh.-xll tp. 

Marshall tp. 

Marshall tp. 

Marshall c. 

Marshall tp. 

Marshall p.v. 

Marshall. tp. 


County. 


Fayette 

Franklin 

Hancock 

Hardin 

Henry 

Hocking 

Lawrence,-.... 

Marion 

Marion , 

Mercer 

Morgan 

Noble- 

Pike , 

lienver 

Berks- 

Butler 

Centre 

Greene 

Indiana 

Marion 

Guadalupe 

Smyth 

Grant. 

Juneau 

Waupaca 

Waushara 

Marion 

Marion 

Lauderdale.... 

Lawrence 

Mariposa 

Jasper 

Deflance 

Defiance 

Perry 

Green  Lake... 
Switzerl.ind.... 
Huntington.... 

Alpine 

Huntingdon., 

Madison 

Fayette.- 

Greene 

Warren 

Wake „.., 

Avoyelles , 

Essex 

Hartford 

Middlesex 

Cheshire 

Cheshire 

Monmouth ..., 

Ulster 

Pitt 

Delaware 

Stark 

Stark ,., 

Montgomery.. 

Windham , 

Windham , 

Sanilac 

Sanilac 

Cheshire , 

Burlington  ..., 

Allen 

Bourbon 

Marshall 

Macon 

Macon 

Del  a  wore 

Madison 

Marquette 

Marquette 

Green  Lake.... 

Moultrie 

Cumberland.. 

Posey 

La  Salle 

Wyandot 

Wyandot 

Surry 

Searcy 

Clark 

Clark 

Lawrence 

Louisa 

Taylor. 

Calhoun 

Calhoun. 

Lyon 

Mower 


Ohio 

Olilo 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio-.., 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa- 

Pa. 

Pa 

S.C , 

Tex 

Va 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Kan... 

8.  C 

Miss..., 

Mo 

Cal 

Iowa... 
Ohio.... 

Ohio 

Pa 

Wis 

Ind 

Ind 

Cal 

Pa 

Ind 

Pa 

Ind 

N.  J.... 
N.  C... 

La 

Mass..., 
Conn... 
Mass.... 
N.  H..., 
N.  H. .. 

N.  J 

N.  Y.... 

N.C 

Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Ohio 


Vt.. 
Vt... 
Mich.... 
Mich... 
N.  H.... 

N.J 

Kan  ... 
Kan.. 

Ind 

Ill 

Ill 

Pa 

Mo , 

Mich..., 
Mich.... 

Wis 

Ill 

Ky 

Ind 

Ill 

Ohio..., 

Ohio 

N.  C.„.., 

Ark 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Mich..., 
Mich.... 
Minn... 
Minn ... 


1  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


838 


»  In  1872,  part  to  Wilson. 


POPULATIOX  or  TUE   CITIES,  TOWXS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED, 


County. 


Marshall tp. 

Marshall.. tp. 

Blarehnll.- p.v. 

Marshall tp. 

Mai-slinll.„ tp. 

Marshall.- p.v. 

Marshall tp. 

Mnrshall p.v. 

Marshall tp. 

Marshall.-. c. 

Marshall p.v. 

Marshall tp. 

Marshallsville p.v. 

Marshalltou p.v. 

Marshallton p.v. 

Marslmlltown c. 

Marsliallvillo p.v. 

Marshnn - tp. 

Marshfield p.v. 

Harshficia tp. 

Karshfleld p.tp. 

Marshfield p.tp. 

Marshfield p.v. 

Marshfield p.v. 

Marshfield p.v. 

Marshfield tp. 

Marshfield p.v. 

Marshfield tp. 

Marshfield tp. 

Marshfield p.v. 

Mars  Hill p.tp. 

Marshland tp. 

Martcl tp. 

{lartel p.li. 
(artello p.h. 

Martic tp. 

gartin.- tp. 
artin tp. 

Martin.- p.tp. 

Martin tp. 

Marti  n p.v. 

Martin tp. 

Martin p.v. 

Martindale p.v. 

Martindale  DeiK)t...p.h. 

Martinez tp. 

Martinsburg tp. 

Martinsburg p.h. 

Martinsburg p.v. 

Martinsburg p.v. 

Martinsburg h. 

Martinsburg tp. 

Martinsburg p.v. 

Martinsburg p.h, 

Martinsburg tp. 

Martinsburg p.v. 

Martinsburg p.v. 

Martinsburg pb. 

Martinsburg v. 

Martinsburg p.v. 

Martin's  Ferry ...„. p.v. 

Martinsville tp. 

Martinsville p.v. 

Martinsville p.v. 

Martinsville p.v. 

Martinsville p.h. 

Martinsville v. 

Martinsville p.v. 

Martinsville h. 

Maitinsville p.v. 

Martinton tp. 

Martinton p.v. 

Martville p.h. 

Martz p.v. 

Mar\-('ll p.v. 

Marvin p.v. 

Jlarvyn p.v. 

Mary tp. 

Mary  .\nn tp. 

Marydell  i p.v. 

Marjiand p.tp. 

Maryland p.tp. 

Maryland tp. 

Marysville c. 

Marysville tp. 

Marysville v. 

Marysville p.h. 

larysville h. 

larysville p.v. 

'arysville h. 

arysville tp. 


Platte- 

Saline 

Saline , 

Oneida 

Madison 

Madison 

Highland 

Highland 

Alleghany 

Harrison 

Dane 

Richland 

Macon 

New  Castle.... 

Chester 

Marshall 

Wayne 

Dakota 

Warren 

Washinston— 

Plymouth 

Lincoln 

Webster 

Athens 

Coos 

Washington... 
Washington-. 
Fond  du  Lac. 

Wood 

Wood 

Aroostook 

Purnett 

Pierce 

Pierce 

Jones , 

Lancaster-.... 

Crawford 

McLean 

Allegan 

Kock 

Ottawa 

Anderson , 

Weakley 

Lancaster-.... 

Columbia , 

Mecosta 

Pike 

Pike 

Washington- 

Keokuk- , 

Elliott 

Renville 

Audrain , 

Dixon 

Lewis 

Lewis , 

Knox 

Plair 

Putler 

Berkeley , 

Belmont 

Clark  

Clark 

Morgan 

Knox 

Harrison 

Howell 

Clinton 

Meigs 

Henry 

Iroquois 

Iroquois 

Cayuga— 

Clay 

Phillips 

Phillips 

Russell 

Polk 

Licking 

Caroline 

Ogle 

Otsego 

Swift 

Yuba 

Yuba 

Vermilion 

Clarke 

Clay 

Marion  

Wapello 

Marshall 


State. 


Population. 


Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.C 

N.C 

Ohio-... 

Ohio 

Pa 

Tex 

Wis 

Wis 

Ga 

Del 

Ptt 

Iowa.... 

Ohio 

Minn .., 

Ind 

Me 

Mass... 
Slinn .. 

Mo 

Ohio...., 
Oregon. 

Vt 

Vt 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Me 

Wis.-. 
Wis  .„. 

Wis 

Iowa... 

Pa 

Ill 

Ill 

Mich.., 
Minn ., 
Ohio..., 

S.C 

Teuu... 

Pa 

NY..., 
MicU.. 

Ill , 

111 

Ind 

Iowa... 

Ky 

Minn . 

Mo 

Neb.„. 
N.  Y... 
N.  Y„. 
Ohio... 

Pa 

Pa 

W.  Va. 
Ohio... 

Ill 

HI 

Ind 

Me. ... 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio... 
Ohio-. 

Va 

Ill 

Ill 

N.Y... 
Ind.... 
Ark.... 
Kan... 

Ala 

Minn . 
Ohio-. 

Md 

Ill 

N.  Y... 
Minn . 

Cal 

Cal 

Ill 

Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Kan„. 


2,038 
3,701 


2,1*5 
1,502 


705 
1,920 


847 
424 


3,218 
322 
627 


350 
1,659 


1,072 
"T,593 


1,926 

1,099 

687 

903 


1,526 


1,466 


2,282 


4,863 
1,8:J5 
1,572 


1,131 


1,181 
2,402 


4,738 
433 


1,625 


1,910 

5,945 

2,701 

2,276 

2,585 

175 

811 

113 

748 

6,624 

332 

989 

643 

1.31 

278 

6,240 

376 

60:J 

170 

300 

1,781 

170 

655 

191 

642 

1,102 

231 

2,044 

1,001 

669 

716 

302 

1,284 

63 

90 

1,986 

1,125 

1,026 

1,213 

645 

343 

1,910 

541 

133 

59 

192 

1,.353 

82 

126 

164 

8;} 

150 
225 
39 

2,386 
285 
199 
567 
287 

6,335 

3,819 

1,938 
mi 

1,943 
650 
97 
129 
355 
77 
289 

1,275 
142 
38 
440 
177 
1^6 
241 
248 
951 
l:U 

1,301 

2,324 
218 

4,321 
691 
368 
85 
62 
340 
3:J 

3,781 


Marysville p.v. 

Marysville tp. 

Marysville tp. 

Marysville p.v. 

Marysville v. 

Marysville p.b. 

Marysville p.v. 

Blarysville p.h. 

Maryville c. 

Maryville p.v. 

Masjirdis p.tp. 

Mascoutah p.v. 

Mashpee p.tp. 

Mason tp. 

Mason p.v. 

Mason tp. 

Mason tp. 

Mason - tp. 

Mason tp. 

Mason tp. 

Mason p.v. 

Mason tp. 

Mason tp. 

Mason  ^ ..tp. 

Mason p.h. 

Mason....- v. 

Mason tp. 

Mason p.v. 

Mason p.v. 

Mason p.v. 

Masonborough tp. 

Mason  City tp. 

Mason  City p.v. 

Mason  City c. 

Masontown  - p.b. 

Mason  ville p.v. 

Masonvillo -p.h. 

Masonville tp. 

Mason  ville tp. 

Masonvillo p.v. 

Massac  Creek p.v. 

Masse  na tp. 

Massena p.tp 

Mossio tp. 

Mossieville.- v. 

Massillon- tp. 

Massillon tp. 

Massillon p.h. 

Massillon h. 

Massillon c. 

MastcrsonvlUe p.h. 

Mastervllle v. 

Mastic h. 

Matagorda p.v. 

Matamoras h. 

Matamoras v. 

Matamoras p.v. 

Matawan tp. 

Matawan p.v. 

Matfield  Green p.v. 

Matherton p.h. 

Matinicus p.tp, 

Matoaca p.v. 

Mattamiscontis tp. 

Mattanawcook  Isl...isl. 

Mattapoisett tp. 

Mattapoisett p.v. 

Mattawamkeag p.tp, 

Mattawan -.p.v. 

Matteawan p.v. 

Matteson tp. 

Matthews p.h. 

Matthews tp. 

Matthews p.v. 

Mattison p.v. 

Mattison p.tp. 

Mattituck p.v. 

Mnttole tp. 

Mattoun tp. 

Mattoon c. 

Maucli  Chunk tp. 

Mauch  Cliunk p.b. 

Mauckport p.v. 

Maud's p.h. 

Maumee tp. 

Maumee  City.- v. 

Maurertown p.b. 

Maurice  Kiver tp. 

Mauricetown p.v. 

Mansion p.v. 

Mauvaise  lerre  ...-tp. 


County. 


Marshall 

Miami , 

Wright 

Union 

Berks 

Perry 

Cooke 

Campbell 

Nodaway 

Blount 

Aro<istook 

St.  Clair 

Barnstable 

Kfiingham 

Effingham 

Cerro  Gordo 

Taylor. 

Oxford 

Bay 

Casa 

Ingham 

Murray 

Marion 

Hillsborough... 
Hillsborough... 

Wake 

Lawrence- 

Warren 

Mason 

Mason 

New  Hanover. 

Mason 

Mason 

Cerro  Gordo ...., 

Fayette , 

Delaware- 

Daviess 

Delta 

Delaware 

Delaware.- 

Massac 

Cass 

St.  Lawrence.., 

Warren , 

Boss 

Wayne 

Cedar 

Cedar 

Fayette 

Stark - 

Lancaster 

Harrison 

Suffolk , 

Matagorda 

Blackford 

Dauphin 

Pike , 

Monmouth . 


Population, 


1870.     1880, 


Kan 

Kan 

Minn ... 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Tex 

Va 

Mo 

Tenu... 

Me 

Ill 

Mass... 

Ill 

HI 

Iowa..., 
Iowa.... 

Me 

Micli._ 
Mich..., 
Mich..,. 
Minn .. 

Mo 

N.  H— 
N.  II.... 
N.  C„.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio.... 

Tex 

W.  Va. 

N.C 

III 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Pa 

Iowa.., 

Ky 

Mich.. 
N.  Y... 
N.  Y-. 

Ill 

Iowa. . 
N.  Y- 
Ohio-. 
Ohio... 

Ill 

Iowa.. 
Iowa.., 
Iowa.., 
Ohio... 

Pa 

Ohio-. 
N.  Y-. 
Tex.-., 

Ind 

Pa 

Pa. , 

N.  J.-. 


Monmouth N.  J., 


Chase , 

Ionia 

Knox 

Chesterfield.-., 

Penobscot 

Penob.scot , 

Plymouth , 

Plymouth 

Penobscot 

Van  Buren..,., 

Dutchess , 

Waupaca , 

Talbot 

Chatham 

Mecklenburg.. 

Cook 

Branch , 

Suffolk , 

Humboldt 

Coles 

Coles 

Carbon , 

Carbon 

Harrison 

Butler 

Allen 

Lucas 

Shenandoah..., 
Cumberland..., 
Cumberland-., 

Juneau , 

Morgan , 


Kan 
Mick... 
Me 

Va 

Me 

Me 

Mass-., 
Mass.., 

Me 

Mich... 
N.  Y-.. 

Wig 

Md 

N.  C... 
N.  C„... 

Ill 

Mich.- 
N.  Y-.. 

Cal , 

HI 

Ill 

Pa 

Pa 

Ind 

Ohio.... 

Ind 

Ohio-.. 

Va 

N.  J 

N.J 

Wig 

Ill 


300 
1,:183 

627 
1,441 


863 


1,682 
811 
1C9 


348 
1,908 

490 
1,784 

680 

127 


809 
1,212 


10,725 
1,364 


1,884 
387 


1,182 
641 
2,387 
1,615 
1,183 


152 
1,738 


2,.560 
1,270 


5,185 


2,839 


1,361 


2,406 
289 


1,305 


453 
4,907 


5,210 
3,841 


394 
1,779 


2,500 


952 
736 


1,249 

1,599 

1,112 

2,001 
122 

1,206 
214 
48 

3,48."$ 

1,098 
212 

2,.558 
346 

1,828 
021 

3,077 
824 
94 
112 
889 

1,809 
148 
11,.534 
64o 
84 
2G8 

2,021 
431 
675 

1,186 
62T 

2,443 

1,714 

2,510 
376 
193 
41 
265 

1,673 
255 
413 
434 

2,739 

1,431 
191 
650 
891 
60 
8S 

6,63« 

66 

119 

63 

438 

66 

196 

944 

2,699 

l,4;i7 
324 
97 
S43 
696 
64 
43 

1,.365 
708 
456 
240 

4,4U 
620 
71 

1,381 
191 
451 

l,3;J9 

843 

663 
6.644 
6,737 
4,082 
3,752 

278 
iH 

4.37 

1,780 

62 

2,374 

575 
1,013 

735 


1  Including  Marydell,  Del. 


« In  1872,  part  to  Greenville. 


339 


POPULATION  OF  TUE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PIms. 


klaxaUwny .....tp. 

Uaxatavrny p.v. 

Uucey ..V. 

llaxey'i p.h. 

Mucflold »M...-tp. 

Mazfleld p.tp. 

Maxinkuckeo p.U. 

MazTillo. p.b. 

MaxTille Ji. 

MazTille b. 

MaxTille -tp. 

Haxwell tp. 

M«y ~. tp. 

May tp. 

May -. tp. 

MaybM .....p.v. 

Mayl>erry tp. 

May  bi  n  ton. ..p.tp. 

May  Day — p.tp, 

MayersTiUe p.v. 

MayesTilla ^.....tp. 

MayeavUle p.r. 

Mayfield —p.  v. 

Mayfleia ~.tp. 

Mayfield ..p.T. 

Mayfleld »tp. 

Mayfield ..p.tp, 

Mayfield -.tp. 

Mayfield „.tp. 

Mayfield „.tp. 

Mayfield... ......p.v. 

Mayfield.... «.p.tp, 

Mayhew'8  StatloD..p.T. 

Maynard p.v. 

Maynard p.tp. 

Maynardville p.v. 

Mayo  • -p.tp. 

Mayefiold p.v. 

May's  Landing. ..-.p.v. 

May's  Lick -p.v. 

MaysTllle p.v. 

Maysvllle p.v. 

Maysrille v. 

Maysville v. 

Maygville. h. 

Maysville c. 

Maygville tp. 

Maysville p.v. 

Maysville h. 

MaytowD p.v. 

Mayvillo v. 

Mayville tp. 

Mayville -v. 

Mayville p.v. 

Mayville b. 

Mayville -tp. 

Mayville p.v. 

May  wood..... -p.v. 

Maywood p.tp. 

Mazeppa —tp. 

Mazeppa -p.v. 

Mazoraanie p.tp. 

Mazon -,tp. 

Mazon -.p.v. 

Meacbam tp. 

Mead tp. 

Mead tp. 

Mead tp. 

Meade -.tp. 

Meadow tp. 

Meadow tp. 

Meadow p.v. 

Meadow  Gap p.h. 

Meadow  Lake tp. 

Meadows p.tp, 

Meadow  ville p.h. 

Meadowville p.h. 

Meadville b. 

Moadville b. 

Meadville p.v. 

Meadvllle c. 

Mears p.v. 

Meat  Camp ......tp. 

Mecan „ tp. 

Mecca p.tp. 

Mechanic tp. 

Mechanic  Falls p.v. 

Mechaiiicsburg tp. 

Mochanicsburg p.v. 

Mecbanicsburg p.v. 

Meobanicrburg p.v. 


Qmntgr. 


Berks...... ».. 

Berks 

Pima 

Ogletborp« 

Bremer-. 

Penobscot- 

Mamball 

Duval 

Spencer 

Uuron  -.. 

Buffalo.- 

Lac  Qui  Parte-... 

Christian 

Lee...- 

Platte „ 

Monroe 

Montour 

Newberry 

Blley- 

Issaquena. 

Sumter. 

Sumter 

Santa  Clara. 

De  Kalb 

Graves 

Somerset 

Grand  Traverse... 

Lapeor...... 

Laclede- 

Fulton 

Fulton 

Cuyahoga- 

liowudos 

Fayette 

Middlesex 

Union 

Bockingham 

Milam 

Atlantic 

Mason 

Benton- 

Chaffee 

Banks 

Allen- 

Scott 

Mason 

Aroostook- 

De  Kalb 

Wayne 

Lancaster- 

Tuscola 

Houston 

Cape  May 

Chautauqua. 

Jefferson 

Clark 

Dodge 

Cook 

Benton 

Wabasha 

Wabasha 

Dane 

Grundy- 

Grundy 

Marion 

Belmont 

Crawford 

Warren- 

Huron 

Plymouth 

Johnson 

Millard 

Huntingdon 

Nevada 

Stokes 

Rich 

Barbour. 

Bonhomme 

Meade 

Linn „„ 

Crawford 

Oceana 

Watauga 

Marquette 

Trumbull- 

Holmes 

Androscoggin 

&tngamon 

Sangamon 

Henry 

Champaign 


But*. 


Pa-.. 
Pa-.. 
Arizona 

Oa- 

Iowa.... 

M 

Ind 

Fla 

Ind 

Ohio 

Wis 

Minn... 

Ill 

HI- 

Mo 

Mich.... 

Pa. 

S.  0 

Kan 

Miss 

8.  0 

S.  0. — 

CaU 

Ill 

Ky 

Me 

Mich..., 
Mich.... 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Miss .... 
Iowa.... 
Mass.... 
Tonn.... 

N.  0 

Tex.-... 

N.  J 

Ky 

Ark  -... 

Col 

Oa. 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Ky 

Me 

Mo 

Ohio 

Pa 

Mich.... 
Minn ... 

N.J 

N.Y 

Pa 

Wis 

Wis 

Ill 

Minn... 
Minn... 
Minn... 

Wis 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa 

Mich ... 
Iowa.... 

N.  0 

Utah.... 

Pa. 

Cal 

N.  C-... 
Utah.... 
W.Va.„ 
Dakota. 

Ky 

Mo 

Pa 

Mich.... 

N.  C 

Wis 

Ohio 

Ohio — 

Me 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ohio — 


Popnlation. 


187a      1880. 


2^31 


736 
166 


C81 
1,007 


216 
1,171 


1,763 


941 

779 

06 

250 

1,028 


2,241 


165 
3,639 


4,705 
768 


611 
'761 


83 
681 


1,713 
1,005 


835 

1,860 

2,421 

463 

213 


1,043 


1,656 
2,065 


7,103 


370 

712 

935 

1,066 


l,44;l 
366 
133 
940 


2.843 

1,196 

146 

07 

86;) 

139 

66 

65 

78 

67 

414 

180 

793 

848 

899 

2(XI 

230 

1,604 
705 
366 

2,304 
896 
425 
868 

1,839 
141 
449 

l,7;«) 

317 

2,231 

219 

879 

197 

270 

2,291 

178 

2,409 

153 

744 

866 

130 

661 

116 

S82 

69 

6,220 

1,141 

418 

87 

660 

248 

712 

273 

1,061 

82 

1,249 

1,051 

716 

126 

877 

460 

1,646 

1,114 

140 

927 

1,970 

2,867 

1,165 

670 

112 

1,727 

212 

26 

1,479 

2,669 

71 

60 

78 

89 

446 

8,860 

337 

629 

621 

950 

1,271 

622 

1,784 

396 

168 

1,522 


PUce. 


Mochanlcsbarg  .....h. 

Meclianicsburg p.b, 

Mecbanicsburg  ...-b. 
Mochaiiicsburg  ...-v. 
Mecbanicsburg  ...«v. 

Mechanics  town p.v. 

Mechanics  town p.v, 

Moclmnicstown h. 

MecbanicsviUe p.v. 

Mechitnicsvillo p.v. 

MecbanicsviUe p.b. 

Mechanicsville  ..,.Ji. 

MechauicsviUe v. 

Mechanicsville v. 

Mechanicsville p.v. 

Mechanicsville b. 

Mechanicsville  .....v. 
Blechanlcsville  .....v. 

Mechanicsville v. 

Mechanicsville v. 

MechauicsviUe tp. 

Mechanicsville v. 

Mechanicsville  .....v. 

MecbanicsviUe v. 

Mecklenburg p.v. 

Meckling p.h. 

Mecosta p.tp. 

Mecosta p.v, 

Medarysville p.v, 

Meddybemps, p.tp. 

Medera v. 

Medfleld p.tp. 

Modford tp, 

Medford p.tp. 

Medford p.tp, 

Medford p.tp. 

Medford tp. 

Medford p.v. 

Medford tp. 

Medford p.v. 

Media p.b. 

Mediapolls -  ...p.v. 

Medicine tp. 

Medicine tp. 

Medicine tp. 

Medicine tp. 

Medicine  Lodge  ....tp. 
Medicine  Lodge  ....p.v. 

Medina tp. 

Medina tp. 

Medina tp. 

Medina p.v. 

Medina tp. 

Medina p.v, 

Medina tp. 

Medina p.v. 

Medina tp. 

Medo p.tp, 

Medoc -.p.v. 

Medon -p.v. 

Medora p.v. 

Medora p.v. 

Medusa p.v. 

Medway tp. 

Medway p.v. 

Medway p.tp, 

Medway p.v, 

Meeme p.tp. 

Meenanville h. 

Meberrin p.h. 

Meherrin h. 

Mehoopany tp, 

Mchoopany p.v, 

Mehuren tp. 

Meigs .'. tp. 

Meigs tp. 

Meigsville p.tp. 

Melbcrn p.h. 

Melbourne p.v. 

Melburue v. 

Melissa p.h. 

Mellenville p.v, 

Melmore p.v. 

Melrose tp. 

Melrose tp. 

Melrose p.b. 

Melrose v. 

Melrose tp. 

Melrose p.v. 

Melrose p.b, 

Melrose p.tp. 


County. 


Butler 

Cumberland 

Indiana. 

Lancaster- 

Homorset 

Frederick- , 

Carroll 

Jefferson 

Windham- 

Cedar 

St.  Charles , 

Camden 

Hunterdon 

Middlesex 

Siiratoga 

Adams 

Lehigh 

Mifflin 

Montgomery ..., 

Venango 

Darlington 

Knox , 

Chittenden 

Chesterfield 

Schuyler , 

Clay , 

Mecosta. , 

Mecosta 

Pulaski 

Washington 

Bernalillo 

Norfolk 

Reno 

Piscataquis 

Middlesex 

Steele- 

Burlington 

Burlington 

Taylor 

Taylor 

Deloware 

Des  Moines 

Rooks 

Livingston 

Mercer 

Putnam 

Barbonr 

Barbour. 

Peoria. 

Warren 

Lenawee 

Lenawee 

Hennepin 

Orleans 

Medina 

Medina. 

Dane 

Blue  Earth 

Jasper 

Madison 

Macoupin 

Jackson 

Albany 

Penobscot 

Penoliscot 

Norfolk- 

Clark 

Manitowoc 

Armstrong 

Lunenburg 

Prince  Kdward . 

Wyoming 

Wyoming 

Ijbc  Qui  Parle-. 

Adams 

Muskingum-.... 

Morgan 

Williams 

Izard 

Saginaw 

Collin 

Columbia. 

Seneca 

Adams 

Clark 

Clark 

Cook 

Grundy- 

Monroe 

Carroll 

Middlesex 


State. 


Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa- 

Pa 

Pa. 

Md 

Ohio-... 
W.  Va., 
Conn.... 
Iowa.,.. 

Mo 

N.  J  -,„ 

N.  J 

N.  J 

N.Y-... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa- 

Pa. 

Pa 

8.  C 

Tonn ... 

Vt 

Va 

N.  Y-... 
DakoU. 
Mich.... 
Mich..., 

Ind 

Me , 

N.Mex 
Mass.... 

Kan 

Me 

Mass..., 
Minn... 
N.  J. — 

N.  J 

Wis. — 

Wis 

Pa 

Iowa.... 
Kan-... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Kan-... 
Kan  „,., 

HI 

Ind 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn... 
N.Y-... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

WU 

Blinn... 

Mo 

Tenn.... 

HI 

Ind 

N.  Y 

Me 

Me 

Mass..- 

Ohio 

Wis 

Pa- 

Va 

Va 

Pa- 

Pa- 

Minn.- 
Obio-... 

Oliio 

Ohio-... 
Ohio-... 

Ark. 

Mich.... 

Tex 

N.  Y-... 

Ohio 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa. ... 

Md 

Mass.... 


840 


1  In  1877,  part  to  Madison. 


POPULATION  OP  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


County, 


!  Melrose tp. 

j  Mflroae p.tp. 

Melrose p.li. 

Melrose tp. 

!  Melrose p.v. 

Mclvalo I». 

!  Mclvern tp. 

I  Molvcrn p.v. 

!  Melville p.tp. 

;  Melville li. 

'  Melville tp. 

i  Melville tp. 

I  Melville p.l». 

I  Melvina ph. 

'  Memory ph. 

1  Memphis p.h. 

!  Memphis p.v. 

j  Memphis p.v. 

I  Memphis p.v. 

f  Memphis p.U. 

'  Memphis c. 

i  Menallen p.tp. 

:  Menallen tp. 

;  Menardville p.h. 

I  Monasha c. 

'  Mcnasha tp. 

I  McndenhaU's tp. 

i  Mendham tp. 

i  Mendham p.v. 

I  Mendocino tp. 

t  Mendon tp. 

Mendon p.v. 

Mendon tp. 

Mendon tp. 

Mendon p.v, 

Mendon tp. 

Mendon p.v. 

Mendon p.tp, 

Mendon tp. 

Mendon p.v. 

Mendon p.v. 

Mendon p.v. 

Mendon p.tp. 

Mendon  Centre ph. 

Mendota tp. 

Mondota c. 

tiendota p.tp 

Btendota p.v. 

Mendota p.v. 

Menekaunee p.v. 

Uonno p.tp. 

Meno p.h. 

Menokon p.tp. 

Menominee tp. 

Menominee tp. 

Menominee p.v. 

Menoraonee tp. 

Henomonoe p.v. 

Henomoneo tp. 

Henomonee  Fall8...p.v. 

Uentor.. tp. 

Hentor„ p.v. 

Mentor. tp. 

Hentz tp. 

Meqvon tp. 

Keramec tp. 

Keramec tp. 

Merced p.v. 

Uerced  Falls p.v. 

Mercer tp. 

Mercer tp. 

Mercer tp. 

Mercer. p.v. 

MeKer. p.y. 

Mercer. tp. 

i  Mercer p.b. 

Mercersburg p.b. 

Merchantvillo p.b. 

Merchantvillo p.v. 

Mercyville p.h. 

Meredith p.tp, 

Meredith tp. 

Meredith  _ tp. 

Meredith p.h. 

Meredith  nollow...p  h. 

Meredith  ■Village...p.v. 

Moredosia tp. 

[Meredosia p.v. 

Mereno..,. v. 

Meriden tp. 

Meriden o. 

Jleriden tp. 

Meriden p.r. 


Charlevoix 

Steams 

Rockingham 

Jackson 

Jacksou 

Baltimore 

Osage 

Osage 

Audubon 

Carroll 

Benville 

Alamance 

Alamance 

Monroe 

Taylor 

Bourbon 

Macomb 

Scotland 

Onondaga 

Clinton 

Shelby 

Adams 

Fayette 

Menard 

Winnebago 

Winnebago 

Newberry 

Morris 

MoiTia 

Sonoma 

Adams 

Adams 

Clayton 

Worcester 

Worcester , 

St.  Joseph 

St.  Joseph , 

Chariton 

Monroe  „ 

Monroe.„ 

Mercer 

Cache 

Rutland 

Monroe 

La  Salle 

La  Salle 

Dakota , 

Dakota 

Dane 

Marinette 

Miniin 

Hutchinson 

Shawnee 

Jo  Daviess 

Menominee 

Menominee 

Dunn 

Dunn 

Waukesha 

Waukesha 

Lake 

Lake 

Clark 

Cayuga 

Ozaukee 

Franklin 

St.  Louis 

Merced... 

Merced 

Mercer 

Adams 

Somerset 

Somerset 

Mercer 

Butler 

Mercer 

Franklin 

Camden 

Stftuben 

Macon 

Cloud 

Belknap 

Delaware 

Delaware , 

Delaware.™ , 

Belknap , 

Morgan , 

Blorgan 

Worcester 

New  Haven , 

New  Haven 

La  Salle , 

La  Salle 


Mich.... 
Minn ... 

Va 

Wis 

Wis 

Md 

Kan 

Kan 

Iowa..., 

Md 

Minn  ... 

N.  C 

N.C 

Wis 

Iowa..., 

Kan 

Mich..., 

Mo 

N.  Y 

Ohio.... 
Tenn.... 

Pa 

Pa 

Tex 

Wis 

Wis 

S.C 

N.  J 

N.  J 

Cal 

Ill , 

111 

Iowa..., 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


1,221 


385 
1,007 


40,226 
1,814 
1,376 


Mass 
Mich 

Mich 

Mo 

N.y.... 

N.  Y.... 
Ohio.... 
Utah... 

Vt 

N.  Y_.. 

Ill 

Ill 

Minn .. 
Minn .. 

Wis 

Wis 

Pa 

Dak 

Kan.... 

Ill 

Mich... 
Mich... 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Ohio.... 

Ohio 

Wis 

N.  Y 

Wis 

Mo 

Mo 

Cal 

Cal 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Mo 

Me 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  J 

N.  Y„... 

Mo 

Kan 

N.  H.... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  H 

Ill 

Ill 

Mass.... 
Conn.... 
Conn.... 

Ill 

Ill 


2,484 

613 

1,675 

1,573 


2,690 
1,796 
601 
4,103 
1,175 


1,908 
660 


2,900 


164 
345 
612 


3,546 
444 


1,173 


593 
1,597 


2,210 
"2,35*6 


1,G66 
416 
441 
2,278 
3,156 
1,480 
3,436 


1,949 
138 
846 


73 

478 

1,236 

971 

245 


1,807 
1,462 


1,383 


10,495 


1,069 


79 

611 

22 

1,320 

144 

92 

1,306 

103 

470 

31 

161 

1,667 

89 

60 

83 

45 

679 

1,418 

152 

16 

33,502 

2,010 

1,461 

67 

3,144 

631 

2,230 

1,526 

294 

2,874 

1,726 

662 

3,440 

1,094 

602 

2,040 

854 

680 

3,193 

220 

242 

643 

629 

80 

4,673 

4,142 

741 

348 

667 

1,274 

1,191 

52 

889 

735 

3,947 

3,288 

4,177 

2,689 

2,258 

366 

1,822 

640 

754 

2,288 

3,023 

1,142 

3,746 

1,446 

150 

2,490 

683 

765 

189 

124 

985 

2,344 

970 

439 

131 

93 

697 

1,800 

1,663 

73 

86 

850 

1,559 

750 

649 

18,340 

15,640 

991 

130 


Meriden p.r. 

Meriden p.tp. 

Mcrideu p.b. 

Meriden h. 

Meridian p.v. 

Meridian tp. 

Meridian p.tp. 

Meridian  „.» tp. 

Meridian c. 

Meridian p.v. 

Meridian p.T. 

Meridian p.v. 

Meridianville p.v. 

Merino v. 

Merlon  Square v. 

Merionville v. 

Meriwether h. 

Meriwether tp. 

Merom p.v. 

Merrill „ p.h. 

Merrill tp. 

Merrillon p.v. 

Merrillville„ p.v. 

Merrimac p.h. 

Merrimac p.tp. 

Merrimac p.tp. 

Merrimack tp. 

Merrimack p.v. 

Merritt tp. 

Merritt p.h. 

Merritt tp. 

Merrittstown.™ p.h. 

Merrow  Station p.h. 

Merry  Uill tp. 

Merton tp. 

Merton p.v. 

Merton p.tp, 

Mertztown p.h. 

Mesa  City v. 

Meshoppcn tp. 

Meshoppen p.b. 

Mesopotamia tp. 

Mesopotamia p.v. 

Mestrezat p.v. 

Metal tp. 

Metamora tp. 

Metamora p.v. 

Metamora ^>. 

Metamora p.v. 

Metamora tp. 

Metamora p.v. 

Metamora p.v. 

Metcalfe p.h, 

Methuen tp. 

Methuen p.v. 

Metomen p.tp. 

Metropolis  City p.v. 

Metz p.v. 

Metz tp. 

Metz p.tp, 

Mexia p.v. 

Mexico p.v. 

Mexico tp. 

Mexico p.h, 

Mexico c. 

Mexico tp, 

Mexico p.v. 

Mexico p.v. 

Mexico p.v. 

Meyersdalo p.b. 

Meyerstown h. 

Meyersville v. 

Miami™. h. 

Miami.™ tp. 

Miami p.v. 

Miami.™ tp, 

Miami tp. 

Miami p.v. 

Miami tp. 

Miami ™ tp. 

Miami tp. 

Miami ™p.v. 

Miami tp. 

Miami tp. 

Miamisburg p.v. 

Miami  Station p.h. 

Miamiville p.v, 

Micanopy™ p.v. 

Miccosukee p.h. 

Michigamme.™ tp. 

Michigamme p.v. 

Michigan tp. 

Michigan ~tp. 


County. 


Jefferson 

Steele 

Sullivan 

Morris 

Sutter 

McPherson 

Ingham 

Clinton 

Lauderdale 

Cayuga.™ 

Bosque 

Dunn 

Madison 

Providence 

Montgomery... 
Montgomery... 

Meriwether 

Edgefield 

Sullivan 

Plymouth 

Aroostook 

Jackson 

Lake , 

Jefferson 

Essex 

Hillsborough., 

Sauk 

Sauk™ 

Yolo 

ScoU 

Bay 

Fayette 

Tolland 

Bertie 

Waukesha 

Waukesha 

Steele 

Berks 

Maricopa 

Wyoming 

Wyoming 

Trumbull 

Trumbull 

Fayette 

Franklin 

Woodford 

Woodford 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Lapeer 

Lapeer 

Fulton 

Edgar 

Essex 

E.ssex 

Fund  du  Lac . 

Massac 

Steuben 

Presque  Isle™. 

Vernon 

Limestone 

Miami 

Oxford 

Oxford 

Audrain 

Oswego 

Oswego 

Wyandot 

Juniata. 

Somerset 

Jefierson 

Morris 

Pinal 

Ca.ss 

Miami 

Miami 

Saline 

Saline 

Clermont 

Greene 

Hamilton™.... 

Hamilton™.... 

Logan 

Montgomery.. 

Montgomery. 

Carroll 

Clermont 

.Macliua 

Leon 

Marquette 

Marquette 

Clinton 

La  Porte 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Kan. 
Minn ... 
N.  H.... 

N.  J 

Cal 

Kan™.. 
Mich... 

Ill 

Miss.... 
N.Y.... 

Tex 

WiB 

Ala , 

li.  I 

Pa 

Pa 

Ga 

S.C 

Ind 

Iowa... 

Me 

Wis 

Ind 

I0W8... 
Mass... 
N.  H„.. 

Wis 

Wis 

Cal 

Ill 

Mich.., 

Pa 

Conn.., 

N.  C 

Wis.... 
Wis.... 
Minn ., 

I'a , 

Arizona 

Pa 

Pa 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Ill 

HI 

Ind 

Ind 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Ohio 

Ill 

Mass.... 
Mass.... 

AVis 

Ill 

Ind 

Mich.... 

Mo 

Tex 

Ind 

Me 

Me 

Mo 

N.Y-... 
N.  Y„... 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

W.Va... 

N.  J 

Arizona 

Ind 

Ind 

Kan 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Mo 

Ohio 

Fla 

Fla 

Mich.... 
Slich.... 

Ind 

Ind 


1,374 
1,.512 

2,7(19 
249 


1,066 
765 


1,114 
1,612 


1,239 


796 


1,419 

1,718 

702 

1,222 


1,310 


2,959 


1,898 
2,490 


2,602 
3,80i 
1,204 


1,008 


725 
3,622 

742 
3,491 
2,784 
2,105 


1,768 
4,418 
1,425 


1,732 
4,688 

341 


277 

809 

9i 

99 

196 

643 

1,530 

960 

4,008 

401 

39S 

211 

105 

435 

207 

127 

50 

3,645 

407 

29 

206 

1,003 

106 

24 

2,237 

1,042 

829 

147 

637 

99 

690 

62 

93 

1,680 

1,577 

210 

766 

99 

151 

695 

664 

742 

239 

143 

1,702 

1,980 

828 

1,010 

341 

1,384 

236 

168 

50 

4,392 

1,115 

1,808 

2,668 

189 

100 

1,365 

1,298 

356 

403 

61 

8,835 

8,687 

1,273 

lU 

21s 

1,423 

54 

145 

.  63 

895 

2:n 

1,206 

4,140 

813 

4,34« 

2,7;« 

2,317 

275 

2,157 

6,024 

1,036 

28 

211 

4:i3 

60 

1,124 

1,067 

2,214 

7,772 


hIb 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Oomtty. 


Michlpin  IVtr JKT. 

MicliiKan  lSlutT....-p.r. 
UichiKftu  OMitre...p.tu 

]iicliiK:«n  City c 

|Hchlg»u  City ph. 

Vichigantuwn.. p.T. 

Mtokleton p-h. 

Middle ~ tp. 

Middle.. h. 

Middle  » tp. 

Middle.. tp. 

Middle tp. 

Middloborou(;h...-.h. 
Mid(lk<l>oruugli...~tp. 

Midillcbo  rough p.v. 

tIklilU-lio  rough. .....h. 

Middlelio  rough b. 

Uidillebounie p.r. 

Middle  Branch tp. 

Middlcbrook p.T. 

Middlebrook p.T. 

Middlobru8h b. 

Middleburg p.T. 

Uiddleburg p.T. 

Middleburg tp. 

Middleburg p.T. 

Middleburg p.h. 

Middloburg tp. 

Middleburg T. 

Middloburg p.b. 

Middleburg p.T. 

Middleburg t. 

Middlebury- p.tp. 

Middlobury- tp. 

Middlobury p.T. 

Middlebury tp. 

Middlebury- tp. 

Middlebury tp. 

Middlebury p.T. 

Middlebury tp. 

Middlebury tp. 

Middlebury p.T. 

Middlebush p.h. 

Middle  Cafiou h. 

Middle  Creek tp. 

Middle  Creek tp. 

Middle  Creek T. 

Middle  Creek tp. 

Middle  Creek tp. 

Middlefleld p.tp. 

Middlefield tp. 

Mid<ll.'field p.tp. 

Middlefield p.tp. 

Middlefleld p.tp. 

Middlefield  Centre.p.h. 

Middleford p.T. 

Middle  Fork h. 

Middle  Fork tp. 

Middle  Fork tp. 

Middle  Fork tp. 

Middle  Fork tp. 

Middle  Fork tp. 

Middle  Fork  oflvy.tp. 

Middle  Grove p.T. 

Middle  Grove p.T. 

Middle  IIaddam....p.T. 

Middle  Island p.T. 

Middle  Kiowa h. 

Middle  Paxton tp. 

Middlopoitit p.T. 

Middleport tp. 

MiddleiKirt p.T. 

Middleport p.T. 

Middleport p.b. 

Middle  Koad ~.t. 

Middlesex p.tp. 

Middlexex tp. 

Middlesex tp. 

Middlesex p.T. 

Middlesex tp. 

Middlesex p.T. 

Middle  Smithfield..tp. 

Middle  Spring p.T. 

Middleton p.h. 

Middleton h. 

Sliddleton tp. 

Middleton p.T. 

Middleton p.tp, 

Middletou h. 

Middleton tp. 

Middleton h. 


Sacramenta 

Placer >.. 

Jackson 

La  Porte  ...,......> 

Beuton« 

Clinton— 

Gloucester 

Hendricks 

Emmett 

Cape  Blay ^ 

Chowan^ 

Orangeburg 

Wiiyne 

Plymouth _ 

Plymouth 

Warren 

Krie. , 

Tyler  „ _ 

Oiiceola 

Iron 

.\uKU8ta. 

Dutchess 

Casey 

Carroll , 

Schoharie. 

Schoharie 

Vance 

Cuyahoga 

Noble- , 

Snyder 

Loudoun 

Outagamie 

New  Uaven...... 

Elkhart 

Elkhart 

Shiawassee 

Wyoming 

Knox 

Summit. 

Tioga 

Addison 

Addison 

Somerset 

Tooele 

Miami 

Wake 

Schuylkill 

Snyder 

Somerset 

Middlesex 

Buchanan 

Ilampshire 

Otsego 

Geauga 

Otsego 

Sussex 

Placer 

Vermilion 

Ringgold 

Macon 

Worth , 

Forsyth 

Madison 

Monroe  » 

Saratoga 

Middlesex. 

Suffolk 

Elbert 

Dauphin , 

Van  Wert 

Iroquois 

Niagara.. 

Meigs 

Schuylkill , 

Suffolk 

Yates 

Butler 

Cumberland... 
Cumberland... 
Washington.... 
Washington— . 

Monroe 

Cumberland... 

Ada 

Wayne 

Essex 

Essex 

Strafford 

Champaign 

Columbiana.... 
Columbiana.... 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Cal 

Cal 

Mich.. 
Ind.... 
Miss- 
Ind.... 
N.J», 
Ind.... 
Mich. 
N.  .!._ 
N.  C... 
S.  0... 
Ind... 
Mass. 
Mass. 
Ohio- 
Pa-... 
W.  V»„ 
Mich.... 

Mo 

Va 

N.  Y — 

Ky 

Md 

N.Y-.- 

N.  Y 

N.  C-... 

Ohio 

Ohio — 

Pa 

Va 

Wis .-.., 
Conn.... 

Ind 

Ind 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio...., 

Pa. 

Vt 

Vt 

N.J.-... 
Utah..., 

Kan 

N.  C 

Pa. , 

Pa, 

Pa 

Conn  .. 
Iowa... 
Mass.... 
N.Y-.. 
Ohio-.. 

N.  y.... 

Del 

Cal 

Ill 

Iowa... 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  C„.. 

N.C 

Mo 

N.  Y.... 
Conn .. 
N.  Y-.. 

Col 

Pa 

Ohio-.. 

Ill 

N.  Y.... 
Ohio-., 

Pa 

N.  Y.... 
N.  Y.... 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa. 

Vt 

Vt 

Pa 

Pa 

Idaho. 

Ill 

Blan-. 
Mass  ., 
N.  H.. 
Ohio-. 
Ohio-. 
Ohio-. 


3^86 


1,422 

"3^443 
1,610 
l,l(H 


4,087 


3,180 
863 


3,662 
116 
370 


1,709 


1,018 
1,620 
929 
994 
1,500 
3,086 


60O 
1,477 


674 
680 

1,053 
666 
728 

2,808 
732 


1,440 
457 

l,i:i4 
279 

1,0-16 
793 


1,.S17 
119 

2,412 
731 

2,2:16 
377 


1,314 
1,010 
1,417 


1,171 
1,359 


1,010 


100 
468 
83 
7,366 
91 
342 
81 
1,828 
79 
2,576 
1,912 
1,663 
63 
6,237 
691 
46 
210 
241 
169 
108 
274 
61 
119 
116 
3,376 
1,123 
84 
ifi^ 
102 
398 
419 
337 
687 
1,907 
602 
1,006 
1,822 
911 
1,687 
1,737 
2,993 
1,834 
84 
63 
1,200 
2,087 
131 
727 
680 
928 
647 
648 
2,726 
8:16 
89 
145 
45 
1,979 
704 
910 
768 
1,380 
1,197 
169 
144 
285 
283 
74 
1,443 
442 
2,211 
771 
3,032 
230 
106 
1,467 
1,100 
1,406 
126 
1,087 
141 
1,339 
121 
44 
47 
1,000 
379 
355 
85 
1,590 


PlM«. 


Connty. 


Middleton tp. 

Middleton h. 

Middleton h. 

Middleton tp. 

Middleton p.T. 

Middleton  Statlon..p.T. 

Middletowu p.T, 

Middletown c. 

Middletown tp. 

Middletown p.T. 

Middletown p.T, 

Middletown h. 

Middletown h. 

Middletown T. 

Middletown p.T. 

Middletown h. 

Middletown p.T. 

Middletown tp. 

Middletown tp. 

Middletown p.T. 

Middletown tp. 

Middletown p.T. 

Middletown T. 

Middletown tp. 

Middletown p.T. 

Middletown tp. 

Middletown v. 

Middletown p.T. 

Middletown tp. 

Middletown b. 

Middletown h. 

Middletown tp. 

Middletown h. 

Middletown p.b. 

Middletown tp. 

Middletown tp. 

Middletown tp. 

Middletown tp. 

Middletown p.T, 

Middletown p.T. 

Middle  Valley p.h. 

Middlevillo p.T. 

MiddleTJile -p.tp. 

MiddloTille p.T. 

Middleway p.T. 

Midland tp. 

Midland p.T. 

Midland p.b. 

Midland tp. 

Midland  City p.T. 

Midland  Mine t. 

Midlothian p.T. 

Midlothian  Mines. v. 

Midvillo p.T. 

Midway p.T. 

Midway p.h. 

Midway p.T. 

Midway h, 

Midway p.tp. 

Midwny t. 

Midway p.T. 

Midway p.tp. 

Midway tp. 

Midway p.T. 

Midway p.T. 

Midway h. 

MIer p.T. 

Mifflin tp. 

Mifflin p.T. 

Mifflin.- tp. 

Mifflin tp. 

Mifflin tp. 

Mifflin tp. 

Mifflin tp. 

Mifflin tp. 

Mifflin tp. 

Mifflin.- - tp. 

Mifflin tp. 

Mifflin p.h. 

Mifflin tp. 

Mifflin p.T. 

Mifflinburg p.b. 

Mifflintown p.b. 

MifflinviUe p.T. 

Milan tp. 

Milan tp. 

Milan p.T. 

Milan tp. 

Milan p.T. 

Milan tp. 

Milan p.T. 


Sumter 

Rntherford 

Washington-.. 

Dane 

Dane 

Hardeman 

Lake 

Middlesex 

Middlesex 

New  Castle 

Henry 

Owen 

Shelby 

Vigo 

Des  Moines 

Baltimore 

Frederick 

Jackson 

Lafayette , 

Montgomery ., 

Monmouth 

Monmouth 

Morris 

Delaware 

Orange 

lUchmond 

Saratoga 

Butler 

Wood 

Adams 

Alleghany 

Bucks 

Butler 

Dauphin 

Delaware , 

Susquehanna., 

Newport 

Rutland 

Rutland 

Frederick 

Morris 

Barry 

Wright 

Herkimer 

Jefferson 

Midland 

Midland 

Crawford 

Bergen 

De  Witt 

Alleghany 

Chesterfield  -. 

Alleghany 

Burke 

Bullock 

Spencer. 

Woodford 

Jasper 

Davidson 

Madison 

Washington— 

Barnwell 

Clarendon 

Madison 

Wasatch 

Augusta 

Grant 

Ashland 

Ashland 

Franklin 

Pike 

Richland 

Wyandot , 

Alleghany 

Columbia , 

Ctimberland.., 

Daut>hin , 

Lycoming 

Henderson... 

Iowa 

Iowa -... 

Union 

Juniata 

Columbia. 

DeKalb 

Macon 

Rock  Island- 
Allen 

Ripley 

Monroe 

Washtenaw... 


State. 


8.0.-. 
Tenn  . 
Utah.. 
Wis.-. 
Wis... 
Tenu , 
Cal ..., 
Conn. 
Conn. 
Dei-. 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Iowa. 
Md.... 
Md  ... 
Minn  ... 

Mo 

Mo 

N, 
N, 
N, 
N, 
N, 
N 


J. 

J, 

J, 

Y. 

Y. 

Y, 
N.Y. 
Ohio 
Ohio. 
Pa.... 
Pa.... 
Pa-.. 
Pa.... 
Pa.... 
Pa-.. 
Pa.... 
R.I. 
Vt-.. 
Vt... 
Va-.. 
N.J. 
Mich.... 
Minn... 

N.  Y 

W.  Va.. 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Mo 

N.  J 

Ill 

Md 

Va 

Md 

Ga 

Ala 

Ind 

Ky 

Mo 

N.  C 

Ohio-... 

Pa 

S.  C 

8.  C 

Tex 

Utah.... 

Va 

Ind 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa- 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa- 

Pa 

Tenn  ... 

Wis 

Wis 

Pa 

Pa 

I>a 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Mich.... 
Mich  ... 


1,490 


1,183 


1,420 


842 


i  In  1870,  Inclnding  Cape  May  City. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


..p.v, 
...p.h. 
,..p.v. 

...p.ll. 
„p.tp. 


Milan p.h 

Milan p.v, 

Milan tp. 

Milan p.v. 

Milan p.tp. 

Milan tp. 

Milan p.v. 

Milan p.v, 

Mllburo p.v, 

Miles tp. 

Milosbnrg p.b. 

Miles  City .... 
Miles  Point .. 
Uiles  Pond.... 
Uiles  Station. 

Milford , 

Milford »..p.tp. 

MHford hnd 

WIford p.v. 

Milfoni tp. 

Uilford.. ....p.v. 

Milford V. 

Milford p.v, 

MHford™ tp. 

Mflford„ tp. 

Milford™ p.tp. 

MHford v. 

Milford tp. 

MHford tp. 

MHford p.v. 

MHford p.tp, 

MHford™ p.tp. 

Milford™ tp. 

MHford p.v, 

Milford p.tp. 

Milford p.tp. 

MHford p.v. 

MHford p.tp. 

Milford tp. 

Milford p.v. 

Milford tp. 

.MHford p.v. 

THford tp. 

Ulford tp. 

tllford tp. 

IHford tp. 

[Jlford p.b. 

Ulfordi tp. 

IHford tp. 

tHford p.T. 

[ilford™ tp. 

Milford p.T. 

Milford  C!ontre p.v. 

Milford  Junction. ..h. 

Milford  Square p.h. 

jniitary tp. 

Milks  Grove tp. 

Mill tp. 

Mill tp. 

Millard™ p.T. 

Millard p.T. 

MHlborough h. 

Uillbrae p.T. 

Millbridge p.tp. 

Millbrook p.h. 

Millbrook tp. 

Millbrook t. 

Millbrook p.tp. 

Millbrook p.h. 

"Tillbrook tp. 

IHlbrook p.T. 

Ullbrook p.h. 

IHlbrook p.h. 

IHlbrook p.tp. 

Hllburg p.T. 

Unburn p.h. 

Unburn p.tp. 

unburn t. 

!i  llbury.™ p.tp. 

Hllbury.™ p.T. 

till  City p.T. 

'HI  Creek hnd. 

HU  Creek tp. 

till  Creek tp. 

[ill  Creek tp. 

lill  Creek tp. 

[ill  Creek tp. 

lill  Creek tp. 

[ill  Creek tp. 

[HI  Creek tp. 

UU  Creek tp. 


County. 


Chippewa. 

Snllivan 

Coos „ 

Coos 

Dutchess...... 

Erie 

Erie 

Gibson 

Ballard 

Centre 

Centre 

Custer 

Carroll 

Essex 

Macoupin 

Lnssen 

New  Haven 

Kent 

Kent 

Iroquois 

Iroquois 

Decatur 

Kosciusko™ ™.. 

La  Grange 

Crawford 

Dickinson «. 

Montgomery 

Story „„ 

Davis  ™ 

Davis™ 

Penobscot 

Worcester 

Oakland 

Oakland 

Brown 

Barton 

Seward 

Hillsborough 

Otsego 

Otsego 

Butler 

Clermont.™ 

Defiance 

Knox 

Bucks 

Juniata. 

Pike 

Pike 

Somerset 

Ellis 

JelTerson 

Jefferson 

Union 

Kosciusko 

Bucks 

Winneshiek 

Iroquois 

Grant 

Tuscarawas 

Adair 

Douglas 

Tyler 

San  Mateo 

Washington™ 

Kendall 

Peoria. 

Peoria 

Graham 

Gnvbam 

Mecosta 

Mecosta 

Wayne 

Mercer 

Aiken 

Berrien™ 

Lake 

Essex™ 

Broome 

Worcester 

Wood. 

Wyoming 

Mew  Castle 

Fountain 

Putnam 

Bourbon 

Pottawatomie 

Wabaunsee 

Washington 

Morgan 

Coshocton «.. 

Hamilton 


State. 


Minn.. 

Mo 

N.H„.. 
N.IL... 
N.  Y_.. 
Ohio™.. 
Ohio™.. 
Tenn... 

Ky 

Pa 

Pa 

Mon.... 

Mo 

Vt 

Ill 

Cal 

Conn  .. 

Del 

Del 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Iowa..., 
Iowa... 
luwa... 
Kan.... 
Kan.... 
Me 


Mich..., 
Mich... 
Minn .. 

Mo 

Neb , 

N.  H„.., 
N.  Y™.., 
N.  Y.... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio...., 
Ohio™.., 

Pa , 

Pa. , 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Tex , 

Wig.™... 

Wig , 

Ohio 

Md 

Pa. 

Iowa..., 

Ill 

Ind 

Ohio 

Mo 

Neb 

W.  Ya.. 

Cal 

Me 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Kan 

Kan  .... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Ohio 

Pa 

S.  0 

Mich..., 

Ill 

N.J 

N.  Y 

Ma88..«. 
Ohio™.., 

Pa 

Del 

Ind 

Ind 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Mo , 

Ohio 

Ohio 


Population, 


1870.     1880. 


319 
710 


1,474 
2,210 

774 

""sii 

1,325 
600 


113 

3,405 

3,093 

1,150 

1,107 

230 

316 

432 

1,288 

663 


827 
9,890 
1,767 


2,606 
2,301 


1,828 

620 

1,555 

1,024 

2,900 

1,158 

746 

912 

1,409 


1,608 

""si'i 


1,515 


1,523 
8.436 


1,558 
T,075 


1,280 


1,675 

'4^397 


3,302 

1,491 

492 

859 


597 

917 

586 

3.291 


28 

1,117 

895 

131 

1,275 

2,239 

797 

1,600 

309 

1,612 

643 

629 

61 

164 

38 

174 

3,347 

3,429 

1,240 

1,670 

612 

305 

492 

1,311 

834 

179 

235 

799 

697 

118 

734 

9,310 

2,200 

1,251 

728 

930 

402 

2,398 

2,319 

567 

1,884 

732 

1,460 

876 

2,975 

1,341 

983 

207 

1,776 

164 

1,460 

138 

490 

32 

77 

1,521 

722 

1,878 

6,514 

123 

131 

41 

195 

1,752 

76 

1,163 

220 

446 

72 

706 

211 

88 

94 

1,928 

113 

97 

1,743 

122 

4,741 

483 

159 

3,474 

1,918 

611 

891 

1,679 

521 

1,222 

1,631 

626 

11,286 


Plao«. 


„p.T 
„p.T 
,,tp. 
,.tp. 


Mill  Creek tp. 

Mill  Creek tp. 

Mill  Creek tp. 

Mill  Creek tp. 

Slill  Creek p.v. 

Mill  Creek tp. 

Mill  Creek tp. 

Mill  Creek' tp. 

Milldale ....p.v, 

MilledgevHle c. 

Milledgeville p.v, 

MilledgevHle p.h. 

Milledgeville., 
Milledgeville. 

Miller _.... 

Miller >.... 

Miller tp. 

Miller tp. 

Miller „.tp. 

Miller.. .„_ >™.tp. 

Miller tp. 

Miller........ tp. 

Miller _.tp. 

Miller tp. 

Miller tp. 

Miller  Mine v. 

Miller's p.T. 

Millergburg v. 

Millersburg tp. 

Millersburg p.v. 

Millersburg p.T. 

Millersburg t. 

Millersburg t. 

Millersburg™ p.v. 

Millersburg p.v. 

Millersburg- p.h, 

Millersburg p.h. 

Millersburg p.v, 

Millersburg v, 

Millersburg p.b. 

Miller's  Corners.. ..p. v. 

Miller's  Falls p.v. 

Miller's  Mills p.T, 

Miller's  Place p.T, 

Millersport.™ p.T, 

Miller's  Station p.h. 

Miller's  Station.™...p.h. 

Millerstown p.v, 

Millerstown h. 

Millerstown h. 

Millerstown b. 


,..p.b. 
,.p.h. 
,.p.v. 
,.p.h. 
..p.v. 
..p.v. 


Millerstown. 
Millersville™ 
MUlersville™ 
Millersville™ 
Millersville™ 

Millerton , 

Millerville p.tp. 

Millgrove™ p.h. 

Mill  Grove tp. 

Mill  Grove p.h. 

Mill  Hall p.b. 

Millheim p.b. 

Millhousen p.v, 

Milliken's  Bend™,,.p.v. 

Millington p.v. 

Millington h, 

Millington v, 

Millington p.v, 

Millington p.h. 

Millington tp. 


Millington.., 
Millington.. 
Mill  Point., 

Millport 

Millport 

Millport 

Millport 

Mill  River., 


....p.v, 
,,..p.v, 
.„.p.h, 
,..p.h, 
.„p.v, 
.,.p.h. 
...p.h, 
...p.tp. 


Mill  Kock h. 

Mill  Bun™ p.v. 

Millsbo  rough™ p.v. 

Millsborough p.v, 

Millsfield. tp. 

Mill  Shoal tp. 

Mill  Shoals tp. 

Mill  Shoals p.v. 

Mill  Spring tp. 

Mill  Spring p.T, 

Millstadt. p.T. 

Millston p.tp. 


County. 


Union _ 

Williams 

Clarion.™ 

Erie 

Huntingdon™™. 

Lebanon 

Lycoming. 

Mercer 

Warren  ™ 

Baldwin™ 

Carroll „ 

Boone 

Lincoln- 

Fayette™ , 

La  Salle , 

Dearborn , 

Dallas™,..........., 

Gentry 

Maries , 

Marion „.., 

Phelps .., 

Scotland 

Alexander....... 

Knox ™ 

Perry , 

Alleghany , 

Lawrence 

Bond 

Mercer , 

Mercer , 

Elkhart , 

Warrick , 

Whitley , 

Iowa 

Bourbon 

Bice , 

Callaway 

Holmes 

Berks 

Dauphin 

Ontario 

Franklin 

Herkimer 

Suffolk 

Fairfield 

Lake 

Harrison 

Champaign 

Perry 

Blair 

Butler 

Perry 

ChrUtian 

Cape  Girardeau . 
Sandusky 

Lancaster 

Dutchess 

Douglas 

Blackford 

Steuben 

Erie ™ 

Clinton 

Centre , 

Decatur , 

Madison , 

Kendall , 

La  Salle 

Baltimore 

Kent 

Franklin 

Tuscola. 

Tuscola™. 

Morris. , 

Pocahontas 

Knox , 

Chemung 

Columbiana 

Potter 

Henderson 

Jackson 

Fayette 

Suggex 

Washington 

Coos , 

Macon 

White 

White , 

Wayne 

Wayne 

St.  Clair. 

Jackson 


State. 


Oh!D„.. 
Ohlo™„ 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa.. 

Pa 

Pa 

Va 

Ga 

Ill 

Ind 

Ky 

Ohio™,, 

HI 

Ind 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo , 

Mo 

Mo , 

Mo. 

N.  0 

Ohio™™ 

Pa 

Md , 

Ohio 

Ill , 

111 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa..., 

Ky 

Minn .., 

Mo , 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa 

N.  Y 

Mass.... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ind 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Oliio 

Pa™ 

Pa, 

Pa 

Ill 

Mo 

Ohio 

Pa 

N.  Y 

Minn .,. 

Ind 

Ind 

N.  Y™.,. 

Pa™ 

Pa 

Ind 

La. 

Ill 

Ill 

Md 

Md 

Mass.,.. 

Mich.... 

Mich.... 

N.  J 

W.  Va™. 

Mo 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Pa 

N.C 

Iowa..,. 

Pa 

Del 

Pa 

N.  H.... 

N.  C 

Ill 

HI 

Mo 

Mo 

Ill 

Wis 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


796 
1,181 

617 
2,744 


1,926 


1,086 

140 

2,750 


1,120 
548 

2,596 
759 

1,273 


1,245 
741 
902 
438 


1,134 


60 
1,457 


1,518 


207 
533 


1,520 


28 
628 


1  In  1880,  exclusive  of  M.'Ubrd  borough. 


S  In  1880,  exclusive  of  New  Lebanon. 


843 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


,/i«>i» 


PUo*. 


ph. 

.......tp. 

p.T. 

Ptp. 

pv- 

P». 


Millstone.... 
UilUtone.... 
Millstone-.. 
Millstone-.. 

MllltOWD.... 

Mllltown ... 
Mllltowu... 

Mllltown tp, 

Mllltown tp. 

Mlllvale b. 

Mill  Village. p.T. 

Millvillo p.T. 

Mlllville pv. 

Mlllvllle « ptp. 

Millvillo p.li. 

Mlllville p.T. 

Mlllville p.T. 

Mlllville -c. 

Mlllville ~ p.T. 

Mlllville...^ T. 

Mlllville b. 

Mlllville p.T. 

Mlllville p.T. 

Mlllville h. 

Mlllville p.tp. 

Millwood ....p.li. 

Millwood tp. 

Millwood tp. 

Millwood p.h. 

Millwood tp. 

Millwood p.T. 

Millwood p.T. 

Millwood p.h. 

Milmlne p.h. 

Mlluer p.T. 

MIIneaTille p.T. 

MilnesTllle ......p.h. 

Milo p.tp 

Mllo »....tp. 

Milo .~...p.T. 

Milo tp. 

Milo -..  .p.T. 

Mllo ~....tp. 

Mllo tp. 

Milo  Centre p.T. 

Milpltas  ....,.>. p.tp. 

Milroy -.tp. 


County. 


Milroy., 

Milroy...., 

Milton.... 

Milton 

Milton 

Milton-..., 


,.-.p.T, 
.-.p.T. 
,._p.h. 
....p.h. 

....p.T. 
,.p.T. 


Milton— tp. 

Milton- p.T. 

Milton-. tp. 

Milton h. 

Milton-. p.T. 

Milton- p.T. 

Milton-. tp. 

Milton.......... p.T. 

Milton-. pl'n. 

Milton- ;p.tp. 

Milton-. tp. 

Milton- tp. 

Milton tp. 

Milton- p.h. 

Milton- h. 

Milton.- p.tp. 

Milton- tp. 

Milton.- tp. 

Milton.- p.T. 

Milton.- tp. 

Milton— tp. 

Milton......... p.lp. 

Milton T. 

Milton- tp. 

Milton- tp. 

MUton- T. 

Milton- p.b. 

Milton- p.h. 

Milton T. 

Milton.- p.tp. 

Milton- h. 

Milton h. 

Milton. „ p.T. 

Milton- tp. 

Milton.- tp. 

Milton.- p.T. 

Miltona p.tp. 

Milton  Cuntre. p.T, 

Milton  Grove  — 
Milton  MIIU.... 


State. 


,...p.h. 
...p.T. 


Washington- 

Monmouth 

Somerset 

KIk ..... 

Berrien-.... 

Crawford 

Alleghany 

Shawano 

Polk 

Alleghany 

Erie - 

Shasta. 

Henry 

Clayton- 

Woodford , 

Worcester. , 

Wabnsha , 

Cumberland 

Butler 

Delaware- m., 

Cambria 

Columbia. , 

Cache , 

Kune.- , 

Grant 

Leavenworth , 

Stearns 

Lincoln- 

Lincoln- ...., 

Guernsey- ..., 

Knox- 

Westmoreland .... 

Collin -.. 

Piatt 

Pike 

Luzerne 

Augusta 

Bureau 

Delaware 

Warren 

Piscataquis 

Piscataquis 

MiUe  Lacs. 

Yates 

Yates- 

Santa  Clara. 

Jasper. 

Rush- 

Mifflin 

Culavoras— 

Litchfield. 

Sussex 

Santa  Rosa 

Du  Page 

Pike 

JefiTerson 

Ohio 

Wayne 

Van  Buren 

Butler 

Trimble- 

Oxford „.. 

Norfolk 

Antrim 

Cass 

Dodge 

Atchison 

Randolph- 

Strafford 

Saratoga. 

Caswell  „.M 

Caswell  -.. 

Ashland 

Jackson 

Mnboning- 

Miami 

Wayne 

Wood 

Armstrong 

Northnmberlaud. 

Rutherford 

Morgan 

Chittenden 

Albemarle 

Richmond -.. 

Cabell 

Buffalo - 

Rock- 

Bock 

Douglas 

Wood -. 

Lancaster. 

Strafford 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


Md 

N.  J-., 
N.J... 

Pa...... 

Ga- 

Ind 

Pa- 

Wis-.. 

Wis 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Cal .... 

Ind.... 

Iowa.. 

Ky..... 

Slass. . 

Minn. 

N.  J... 

Ohio-... 

Ohio, 

Pa-.. 

Pa-.. 

Utah.... 

Utah.... 

Wis. 

Kan  -... 
Minn.., 

Mo , 

Mo....... 

Ohio-... 

Ohio 

Pa , 

Tex.-... 

Ill 

Oa-....., 

Pa. , 

Va. . 

III 

Iowa.... 
Iowa..., 

Me 

Me 

Minn .. 
N.  Y-.. 
N.  Y-.. 
Cal ..... 

Ind 

Ind 

Pa. 

Cal ..... 
Conn... 

Del 

Fla 

Ill 

III 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa. .. 
Kan  -.. 

Ky 

Me 

Itlass..., 
Mich... 
Mich... 
Minn .. 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  11..., 
N.  Y-.. 
N.  0-.., 

N.  a... 

Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio- 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Tonn .. 
Utah..., 

Vt- 

Va. 

Va.. 

W.  Va. 
Wis.-.. 
Wis.-.. 

Wis 

Minn .. 

Ohio 

Pa. 

N.  H.. 


2,087 


66 
668 


6,101 


2,105 


402 


1,479 


1,624 
122 


1,118 
767 


153 
4,779 


665 
123 


824 
1,014 
2,175 

354 
1,975 


823 


223 
258 
2,C83 
359 
694 
912 


ly 

4,946 

2,752 


1,240 
2,:i72 
744 
4.55 
1,524 
1,404 


1,909 


2,062 


244 
2,010 


62 

2,080 
262 
209 
108 
lOfl 
04 
486 
282 

1,824 
S8S 
253 
114 
094 
72 
028 
143 

7,000 
250 
100 

2,409 
376 
639 

•  22 

204 

21 

28:1 

1,107 
81 

1,984 

178 

147 

66 

79 

442 

672 

48 

990 

688 

100 

934 

842 

172 

6,756 
120 
786 
230 
3:52 
626 
87 
47 

1,026 

1,068 

2,300 
457 

1,913 
81 
855 
412 
409 
352 
270 

3,206 

654 

635 

957 

91 

69 

1,516 

6,565 

2,933 
613 

1,192 

3,404 
688 
688 

1,864 

2,181 
100 

2,102 
90 
169 

2,006 

69 

68 

377 

441 

1,794 
608 
162 
106 
72 
385 


Plac«. 


Mlltonsbnrg. 
Miltonvillo... 
Milwaukee... 
Milwaukee... 
Milwaukee... 
Milwaukee..., 

Mina 

MinaTllle 

MInburn 

Minden 

Slinden 


Coniity. 


-..p.T. 

-.p.T. 
,....p.T. 

.-.p.h. 

,.-.c. 

.-tp. 
....p.tp, 

....p.v. 

.-.p.T. 
-..p.tp. 
....p.T. 

Minden .....tp. 

Minden —.p.T. 

Minden tp. 

Minden p.h. 

Minden p.tp. 

Mlndenville p.T. 

Mine  Hill  Gap. t. 

Mineola p.h. 

MIneola p.T. 

Mineola p.T. 

Mineral tp. 

Mineral tp. 

Mineral p.T. 

Mineral tp. 

Mineral tp. 

Minora! p.T, 

Mineral tp. 

Mineral  City p.h 

Mineral  Hill pm. 

Mineral  Park p.T. 

Mineral  Point p.T. 

Mineral  Point p.T, 

Mineral  Point tp. 

Mlnornl  Point p.T. 

Mineral  Ridge p.v. 

Mineral  Spring. ....t. 
Mineral  Sprlng8....p.T. 
Mineral  Springs. ...tp. 
Mineral  Sprlngs....tp. 
Miner's  Delight  ....p.h. 

Minerstown T. 

MinerBville p.tp. 

Minersville p.T. 

Minersville t. 

Minersville p.b. 

Minerva tp. 

Minerva p.T. 

Minerva p.tp. 

Minerva p.v. 

Mineville p.T. 

Mingo ....tp. 

Mingo p.tp. 

Mingo p.T. 

Mingo tp. 

Mingo  Junction.... p.T. 

Minier, p.T. 

Mining  City p.T. 

Minisiuk p.tp. 

Minktown h. 

Minneapolis h. 

Minneapolis p.T, 

Minneapolis c. 

Minneapolis — tp. 

Minneha tp. 

Minnciska p.tp. 

Minneota tp. 

Minncola tp. 

Minneota p.v, 

Minnesota  City p.v 

Minnesota  Falls.... tp. 
Minnesota  Falls.... p.T, 
Minnesota  Junct'n.p.T. 
Minnesota  Lake....tp. 
Minnesota  Lake.... p.T. 

Minnetonka tp. 

Minnetonka p.T. 

Minnetrista- p.tp. 

Minong — ..tp. 

Minonk .....tp. 

Mi  nonk -...p.v. 

Mi  nooka —p.T. 

Minor  Hill p.h. 

Mlnot p.tp. 

Minster p.v. 

MintonsTille p.tp. 

Mlntonville p.h. 

Mintnm pJi. 

MIrabile tp. 

Mirabile p.T. 

Misenheimer's tp. 

Misha  Mokwa p.h. 

Mlshawaka- p.T. 


State. 


Monroe- 

Butler 

Clackamas 

I.«ckawunna.. 

Milwaukee 

Milwaukee 

Chautauqua 

Montgomery 

Dallas 

Pottawattamie.... 

Webster 

Sanilac 

Sanilac 

Benton— 

Kearney 

Montgomery 

Montgomery 

Schuylkill 

Mills- 

Queens 

Wood 

Plumas— 

Bureau- 

Bureau.- 

Cherokee 

Jasper 

Athens 

Venango 

Greene 

Eureka....- 

Mohave 

Tascarawos 

Cambria 

Iowa 

Iowa 

Trumbull- 

Barry 

Howard 

Moore 

Richmond 

Sweetwater 

Lebanon 

Trinity 

Meigs 

Huntingdon 

Schuylkill 

Marshall 

Mason 

Essex 

Stark 

Essex- 

Bates - 

Sampson 

Champaign 

Williumsburg 

Jefferson 

Tazewell 

Butlor 

Orange 

New  Castle 

Lawrence 

Ottawa -.. 

Hennepin 

Hennepin- 

Sedgwick 

Wabasha... 

Jackson 

Goodhue 

Lyon 

Winona 

Yellow  Medicine. 
Yellow  Medicine. 

Dodge 

Faribault 

Faribault- 

Hennepin 

Hennepin 

Hennepin 

Isle  Royale 

Woodford... 

Woo<lford— 

Grundy— 

Giles 

Androscoggin 

Auplaize 

Gates- 

Casey 

Lawrence 

Caldwell 

Caldwell 

Cabarrus 

Buffalo 

St  Joseph 


1870.      1880, 


Ohio...., 
Ohio-.., 
Oregon 

Pa 

Wis , 

Wis 

N.  Y„.. 
N.  Y-.. 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 

La 

Mich... 
Mich... 
Minn- 
Neb.... 
N.  Y-.. 
N.  Y-.. 

Pa 

Iowa... 

N.  y.... 

Tex—., 

Cal 

Ill 

Ill 

Kan ..., 

Mo 

Ohio-.. 

Pa 

Ind 

Not  .... 

Arizona 

Ohio, 

Pa-.. 

Wis., 

Wis.. 

Ohio, 

Mo.. 

Ark., 

N.  C. 

N.  0, 

Wy.. 

Pa.... 

Cal .. 

Ohio. 

Pa-.. 

Pa.... 

Iowa.... 

Ky 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

N.  Y 

Mo 

N.C 

Ohio 

8.  C , 

Ohio 

Ill , 

Ky 

N.  Y-.- 

Del 

Dakota 

Kan 

Minn  ... 
Minn... 
Kan..., 
Minn .. 
Minn- 
Minn  . 
Blinn ., 
Minn ., 
Minn., 
Minn ., 

Wis 

Minn ., 
Minn.. 
Minn ., 
Minn ., 
Minn., 
Mich... 

Ill 

Ill- 

Ill- 

Tenn  .. 

Me 

Ohio-., 
N.C- 

Ky 

Ark 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  C-.. 
Wis .... 
Ind 


71,440 
3,006 
1,092 


&u 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OP  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Flaca. 


Mighlcott tp. 

iMiBhicott -p.v. 

Mispillion lind. 

Mission tp. 

JMlssion tp. 

iMission tp. 

;MiBSi0Q tp. 

iMisgion  Creek p.tp, 

Mission  Creek p.tp 

.Mississlnewa. tp. 

JJississippi tp. 

Mississippi tp. 

Mississippi tp. 

Mississippi  Bar T. 

Mississippi  City p. v. 

iMissouri tp. 

Missouri tp. 

Missouri tp. 

Missouri  City p.v. 

Missouri  Valley... ..p.T. 

Mitchell p.v. 

Mitchell p.T. 

Mitchell tp. 

Mitchell p.T. 

Mitchell tp. 

Mitchell's tp. 

MitchcUsburg p.T. 

Mitchelltrce tp. 

.Mitchellvillo p.T. 

Mittineague p.T. 

Mixersville p.h. 

Moberly c. 

Mobile  1 c. 

Mobley tp. 

Moccasin P-tp. 

Mocksville tp. 


Ck>nnty. 


..p.v. 
..p.h. 
..p.h. 
.p.h. 

..p.T. 
..p.tp, 
..p.T. 
..p.T. 


Mocksville 

iMode 

Modena 

Modena 

Modena 

Modena 

Modesto 

Modest  Town 

Modoc 

&Ioe p.tp. 

Moffat tp. 

Moffat p.v. 

'Mogadore h. 

iUogadoro p.T._ 

Mohawk p.v." 

Mohawk p.v. 

Mohawk tp. 

Mohawk  Village  ...p.h. 

Hohegan p.v, 

iMohican tp. 

lUohican p.v. 

Ittohon p.h, 

Mohrsville p.v. 

^oingona p.v. 

jUoira p.tp. 

Mokclunine  Hill. ..p.v. 

iWokena p.v, 

iMoline c. 

lUoline  „ p.h, 

lUolino p.v, 

lUolltowD p,h, 

Sloltke tp, 

Uoltke p.tp, 

Molunkus tp. 

Uomence tp. 

|Momence p.v, 

Moiia tp. 

plona p.v, 

Mona p.v, 

Momigan tp. 

Monaghan tp. 

wonches p.h, 

Itfonclova , p.tp, 

jtlotidamin p.v. 

Bonday  Creek tp. 

MondoTi p.v, 

fllonee tp. 

Iflonee p.v. 

Money  Creek.. p.tp, 

Money  Creek p.tp, 

pongaup _...p.v. 

gongo p.h, 

lIODgtOWD v, 

tloDguagon tp, 

tonhegan jsl. 


Manitowoc 

Manitowoc 

Kent „., 

La  Salle 

Brown 

Neosho 

Shawnee 

Wabaunsee..,,, 

Pine 

Darke , 

Sacramento..,.. 

Jersey , 

Mississippi 

Sacramento-.,, 

Harrison 

Brown 

Boone 

Chariton 

Clay 

Harrison 

Davison ,... 

Lawrence 

Mitchell 

Mitchell 

Sheboygan 

Bertie 

Boyle 

Martin 

Polk 

Hampden 

Franklin 

Randolph 

Mobile 

Edgefield 

Efflngham 

Davie 

Davie 

Shelby 

Stark 

Mercer 

Chester 

Buffalo 

Stanislaus 

Accomack 

Butler 

Douglas 

Bay 

Bell 

Genesee 

Summit 

Plumas 

Hoi'kimer 

Blontgomery.. 

Coshocton , 

Providence,,., 

Ashland 

Ashland 

Bourbon , 

Berks 

Boone 

Franklin 

Calaveras 

Will , 

]lock  Island.., 

Elk 

Escambia 

Berks 

Prf8<iuo  Isle.. 

Sibley 

Aroostook , 

Kankakee 

Kankakee 

Ford 

Mitchell....... 

Juab , 

St.  Clair 

York 

Waukesha.... 

Lucas 

Harrison , 

Perry 

Buffalo 

Will 

Will 

McLean 

Houston 

Sullivan. 

La  Grange ... 

Clarion 

Wayne 

Lincoln  - 


State. 


Wis., 
Wis., 
Del. 

Ill 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan.„... 

Kan 

Minn... 

Ohio 

Cal 

Ill 

Mo 

Cal 

Miss 

Ill 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Iowa.... 
Dak,_... 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Wis 

N,  C 

Ky 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Mass.... 

Ind 

Mo 

Ala 

S.  C 

Ill 

N.  0 

N.  C 

111.. , 

111 

Mo 

Pa , 

Wis 

Cal 

Va 

Pa 

Minn  .. 
Mich..., 

Tex 

N.  Y 

Ohio.... 

Cal 

N.  Y.... 
N.  Y.... 
Ohio.... 

K.I 

Ohio..,. 
Ohio..,, 
Kan.,.. 

Pa 

Iowa... 
N.  Y.... 

Cal 

Ill 

Ill 

Kan  _.. 

Fla 

Pa 

Mich.,. 
Minn  .. 

Me 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa..., 
Utah... 

Mo 

Pa 

Wis 

Ohio.... 
Iowa... 
Ohio.... 

Wis 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Minn  .. 
N.  Y..., 

Ind 

Pa 

Mich.., 
Me...... 


Population, 


1870,      1880. 


3,478 
1,596 


1,732 


798 
171 


357 


252 

1,145 

2,812 

820 

672 


1,087 
1,228 

829 
1,124 

856 


1.026 


1,514 
32,034 
1,278 
1,088 
1,558 
300 


621 


1,404 
3,015 


1,561 


61 
1,291 


1,434 
1,028 


1,165 
1,6013 


1,475 
145 


1,568 

159 
4,334 
1,517 
1,789 
2,266 

796 
1,068 

71 
1,506 

384 
1,029 
1,091 

220 

265 
1,020 
3,443 
1,151 

681 
1,164 

320 
1,439 
1,184 

296 
1,178 
1,358 

239 
1,159 

745 

642 
83 
6,070 
29,132 
2,896 
1,123 
1,754 

562 
66 
75 
63 

126 

811 
1,093 

128 

127 

669 
69 

124 
92 

508 

100 

1,441 

2,943 

86 

257 
1,693 

141 
69 

267 

969 
2,254 

615 

522 

7,800 

79 

219 
69 

490 

145 

76 

1,213 

1,037 

744 

165 

397 

1,321 

1,055 

60 

1,031 

158 
1,036 

295 
1,594 

503 
1,104 

764 

270 
99 

147 
2,301 

133 


Place. 


Monica p.v, 

Monitean,. tp. 

Moniteaa tp. 

Moniteau.. tp. 

Monitor tp. 

Monkton  ...„ tp, 

Monkton p.v. 

Monmouth tp. 

Monmouth o. 

Monmouth p.h. 

Monmouth tp. 

Monmouth p.v. 

Monmouth p.h. 

Monmouth tp. 

Monmouth tp. 

Monmouth „,p.v, 

Monmouth p,v, 

Monmouth  Beach  »v. 

Monon - p.tp. 

Monon p.v, 

Monona tp, 

Monona p.v. 

Monona  Flat h. 

Mononcus h. 

Monongahela tp. 

Monongahola  City..p.b. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe p.tp. 

Monroe .p.v. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe p.h. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp, 

Monroe tp, 

Monroe tp, 

Monroe tp, 

Monroe p.v, 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe p.v. 

Monroe p.tp, 

Monroe p.tp. 

Monroe c, 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe, tp, 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe p.tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe p.v. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe p.v. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe p.v, 

Monroe tp, 

Monroe tp, 

Monroe tp, 

Monroe tp, 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 


County. 


Peoria ...., 

Cooper 

Howard 

Randolph.. , 

Bay 

Addison 

Addison 

Warren , 

Warren , 

Adams 

Jackson , 

Jackson , 

Crawford , 

Shawnee 

Kennebec 

Kennebec  > 

Polk 

Monmouth 

White 

White 

Clayton... 

Clayton 

Placer 

Wyandot 

Greene 

Washington- 

Colusa 

Fairfield 

Walton 

Ogle 

Adams , 

Adams , 

Allen 

Carroll 

Clarke 

Delaware- 

Grant 

Howard 

Jefferson 

Kosciusko- 

Madison 

Morgan 

Pike 

Pulaski 

Putnam 

Randolph 

Washington- 

Benton 

Butler 

Fremont 

Jasper 

Johnson 

Linn 

Madison 

Mahaska 

Monroe 

Ringgold 

Shelby 

Wayne 

Anderson.... 

Ouachita 

Waldo 

Franklin 

Monroe 

Monroe 

Newaygo 

Lyon 

Andrew 

Daviess 

Lincoln- 

Livingston 

Monroe 

Grafton 

Gloucester 

Middlesex 

Orange 

Orange 

Guilford 

Union 

Union 

Adams 

Allen 

Ashtabula 

Butler 

Carroll , 

Clermont 

Coshocton , 

Darke 

Guernsey , 

Harrison 

Henry 


State. 


Ill 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mich.... 

Vt 

Vt 

HI 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kau 

Kan-... 

Me 

Me 

Oregon, 

N.  J. 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa..., 
Iowa.,,, 

Cal 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Cal 

Conn  ,„ 

Ga 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind-,,, 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa,,, 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa.,,, 
Iowa.,., 
Iowa.,,, 
Iowa,., 
Iowa,.. 
Iowa... 
lowo... 
Iowa... 

Kan 

La , 

Me 

Mass... 
Mich.,, 
Mich..., 
Mich.,, 
Minn,. 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  H..„ 

N.  J 

N.  J.-.. 
N.  Y..,. 
N.  Y-., 
N,C.„,. 
N,  C„„ 

N.  C 

Ohio.... 
Ohio..,, 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio..., 
Ohio-,, 
Ohio.... 
Ohio-., 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-,, 
Ohio.... 
Ohio-.. 


Fopnlation. 


1870,     1880, 


1,373 
2,317 


568 
1,OOC 


6,236 
4.662 


1,137 


713 
1,744 


1,656 


1,424 

1,078 

1,130 

1,226 

4.38 

923 

960 


1,479 

910 

J, 863 

1,247 

1,047 

891 

1,700 

990 

2,221 

1,467 

1,820 

1,418 

1,608 

1,(»2 

1,058 

759 

644 

901 


1,034 
868 
495 

1,258 
773 
268 


587 
2,044 
1,949 
1,375 

201 
5,086 
1,003 


729 

2,616 

716 


3,263 
4,666 


840 
2,386 

448 
1,304 
1,739 
1,419 


931 
2,088 

832 
1,226 
1,018 
1,012 

658 


119 

1,530 

2,499 

1,472 

931 

1,025 

152 

6,420 

6,000 

79 

1,594 

309 

99 

1,178 

1,520 

341 

267 

648 

1,215 

288 

1,023 

420 

47 

60 

930 

2,904 

1,879 

1,157 

530 

968 

1,534 

97 

1,612 

1,566 

1,887 

1,433 

1,287 

1,159 

1,362 

1,026 

2,648 

1,538 

2,115 

1,774 

1,477 

1,875 

1,075 

829 

891 

985 

982 

941 

1,192 

760 

1,2.'>4 

753 

645 

1,012 

648 

2,144 

2,070 

1,366 

166 

4,930 

1,018 

362 

281 

1,172 

869 

1,944 

961 

1,130 

604 

1,858 

3,017 

6,096 

459 

906 

4,061 

1,564 

1,400 

2,182 

1,459 

365 

1,283 

2,101 

1,003 

1,400 

1,080 

1,364 

1,148 


23 


>  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


S45 


m 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED 


l(ooro« »......«.tp. 

MonrtM (...tp. 

Monro*. ^..tp. 

Mouroo ....tp. 

Monroe. ~..tp. 

Monroe.. ..>........~.tp. 

Monroe. ....tp. 

Monroe. .^.tp. 

Monroe. .^.tp. 

Monroe ~..tp. 

Monroe. tp. 

Monroe. .~ ..p.r. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe ....tp. 

Monroe .~b. 

Monroe. ....h. 

Monroe.. »»«tp. 

Monroe .».p.T. 

Monroe. tp. 

Monroe...... ....tp. 

Monroe, tp. 

Monroe ..........tp. 

Monroe m  ......  t. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe tp. 

Monroe p.r. 

Monroe  Centre.... ~p.h. 

Monroe  City ....p.h. 

Monroe  City t. 

Monroe  City ....p.r. 

Monroeville ....p.r. 

Monroeville p.r. 

Monroeville p.r. 

Mourooville b. 

Monrovia p.r. 

Monrovia. p.r. 

Monsey p.r. 

MonsoQ p.tp. 

Monson p.tp. 

Montague p.tp. 

Montague tp. 

Montague p.r. 

MoDtiigue p.tp. 

Montague p.tp. 

Montague p.r. 

Montana.. tp. 

Montana tp. 

Montana- ....p.r. 

Montana r. 

Montana- p.tp. 

Moutank »h. 

Montcalm tp. 

Montcluir p.tp. 

MoDte  Bello....»...tp. 

Moutello tp. 

Montello p.r. 

Monterey p.r. 

Monterey n. 

Monterey p.r. 

Monterey p.h. 

Monterey p.r. 

Monterey p.tp. 

Monterey p.  tp. 

Monterey p.r. 

Monterey tpi 

Monterey r. 

Monterey ........p.r. 

Monterey p.r. 

Monterallo p.r. 

Montevallo .»..tp. 

Monterallo p.r. 

Montevideo p.r. 

Montezuma tp. 

Montezuma. p.b. 

Montezuma p.r. 

Montezuma. ....tp. 

Montezuma p.h. 

Montezuma ....p.r. 

Montezuma .^p.r. 

Montezuma. ....tp. 

Montezuma ~..p.r. 

Montford  Cove tp. 

Montfort p.h. 

Montgomery c. 

Montgomery tp. 

Montgomery p.r. 

Montgomery ..-  ....tp. 

Montgomery p.r. 

Montgomery tp. 

Montgomery  '......tp. 


Ocmatj, 


HoIbmim....... 

Knox.......... 

Uoktng 

Logan 

MadlioD 

Miami 

Muskingum.. 

Perry 

Pickaway 

Preble 

Putnam- 

Bichland 

Benton 

Bedford 

Bradford 

Bradford 

Bucki 

Clarion 

Clarion 

Cumberland , 

Juniata 

Snyder 

Wyoming-... 

Wyoming 

Adams 

Oreen 

Oreen 

Ashtabula 

Monroe 

Knox ..« 

Monroe 

Monroe 

Allen 

Huron 

Jefferson 

Morgan 

Atchison 

Rockland 

Piscataquis... 

Hampden 

Franklin 

Muskegon .... 
Muskegon.... 

Sussex 

Lewis 

Montagne-... 

Jewell 

Labette.- 

Labette 

Columbia 

Buffalo 

Hamilton 

Montcalm 

Essex 

Hancock 

Marquette..., 
Marquette.... 
Monterey...... 

Fulton 

Pulaski 

Davis- 

Owen 

Berkshire 

Allegan 

Schuyler 

Putnam 

Lancaster 

Highland.-... 
Waukesha.... 

Shelby 

Vernon.- 

Vernon.- 

Chippewa-... 

Solauo 

Tuolumne.... 

Macon 

Pike 

Pike 

Parke 

Poweshiek  ... 

Cayuga 

Cayuga 

McDowell 

Grant 

Montgomery 

Crawford 

Kane 

Woodford-.., 

Daviess 

Gibson 

Jennings 


State. 


Ohio 

021 

Ohio..... 

1,087 

Ohio — 

i.iie 

Ohk) 

1,372 

Ohio 

46:i 

Ohio 

2,7(H 

Ohio-... 

«70 

Ohio .... 

1,120 

Ohio 

1,870 

Ohio 

l,6ai 

Ohio 

461 

Ohio-... 

1,572 

Oregon. 
I'a 

1,719 

Pa. 

1,221 

Pa. 

293 

Pa- 

Pa 

1,334 

Pa. 

Po 

1,832 

Pa. 

1,078 

Pa 

1,126 

Pa- 

974 

Pa 

Wis 

416 

WU-.... 

4,636 

Wis 

3,408 

Ohio.... 

Ill 

Ind 

Mo 

363 

Ala 

Ind 

630 

Ohio-... 

1,344 

Ohio 

Ind 

Kan 

N.  Y 

Mo 

604 

Mass.... 

3,204 

Mass 

2,224 

Mich.... 

„ 

Mich.... 

N.J.„... 

932 

N.Y-... 

718 

Tex 

,„ 

Kan 

Kan-... 

783 

Kan  -., 

Pa. 

Wis 

608 

Ohio-... 

Mich.... 

1,000 

N.  J 

2,8*^ 

Ill 

1,111 

Wis.-... 

834 

Wis 

,„., 

Cal 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Ky 

Mass.... 

053 

Mich..,. 

1,284 

N.  y 

Ohio — 

079 

Pa 

Va 

Wis.-... 

Ala 

Mo 

1,349 

Mo 

Minn ... 



Cal 

347 

Cal 

Ga. 

Ill 

1,498 

Ill 

Ind 

024 

Iowa.... 

655 

N.  Y 

1,202 

N.  Y 

473 

N.  C-... 

647 

Wis. 

Ala 

10,588 

Ill 

1,792 

IIU 

Ill 

652 

Ind 

135 

Ind 

3,121 

Ind 

1,326 

Population. 


1870.      1880. 


1,064 
l,a(l 
1,:«9 
1,303 

2,829 

980 

1,780 

1,880 

1,986 

788 

1,888 

136 

1,911 

1,388 

383 

00 

1,161 

249 

1,905 

1,125 

1,177 

1,171 

136 

448 

4,195 

3,293 

48 

02 

401 

640 

122 

678 

1,221 

65 

318 

108 

237 

827 

S,758 

4,875 

1,950 

1,297 

1,022 

975 

828 

788 

871 

123 

250 

847 

80 

1,724 

6,147 

1,970 

050 

394 

1,396 

33 

144 

43 

2;J5 

635 

1,533 

276 

1,.354 

149 

154 

125 

402 

1,095 

225 

862 

619 

42 

440 

1,478 

98 

781 

921 

1,294 

448 

798 

64 

16,713 

1,941 

209 

902 

166 

3,180 

770 


Place. 


Montgomery tp. 

Montgomery p.r. 

Montgomery p.tp. 

Montgomery p.r. 

Montgomery h. 

Montgomery tp. 

Montgomery p.r. 

Montgomery tp, 

Montgomery tp. 

Montgomery tp. 

Montgomery p.tp, 

Montgomery tp. 

Montgomery p.r. 

Montgomery tp. 

Montgomery p.r. 

Montgomery tp. 

Montgomery tp. 

Montgomery tp. 

Montgomery tp. 

Montgomery tp. 

Montgomery p.r. 

Montgomery p.tp. 

Montgomery  City. p.r. 
MontgonieryStat'n..p.r, 

Monticello -..p.r. 

Monticello p.r. 

Monticello p.r. 

Monticello tp. 

Monticello p.r. 

Monticello p.r. 

Monticello tp. 

Monticello p.r. 

Monticello ....p.tp, 

Monticello p.  v. 

Monticello p.tp 

Monticello tp. 

Monticello p.r. 

Monticello p.r. 

Monticello h. 

Monticello p.r. 

Monticello p.r. 

Monticello tp. 

Montmorency tp. 

Montmorency p.h. 

Montour p.r. 

Montour tp. 

Montour r. 

Montour tp. 

Montour  City r. 

Montoursville p.b. 

Montpelier -.p.r. 

Montpelier. p.r. 

Montpelier. tp. 

Montpelier. p.r. 

Montpelier tp. 

Montpelier- p.r. 

Montpelier— p.tp. 

Montrose p.r, 

Montrose  - tp, 

Montrose- p.r. 

Montrose p.tp. 


..p.T. 
.p.r. 
.p.b. 
.p.tp. 
..p.r. 
.p.tp. 
.p.tp. 
.p.tp. 


Montrose-.., 
Montrose-.. 
Montrose-.. 
Montrose-.. 
Montserrat., 
Muntville..., 
Moritville..., 
Montville.... 

Moutville tp. 

Monument p.r. 

Monument p.r. 

Monument  City-.„p.h, 

Monuquet h. 

Moody tp. 

Mooers -.tp. 

Mooers p.r, 

Mooers  Forks p.r, 

Mooleyville p.h. 

Moon p.tp. 

Moon tp. 

Mooney tp. 

Moon's tp. 

Moore tp. 

Moore tp. 

Moore tp. 

Moore tp. 

Moore tp. 

Moorcfleld tp. 

Moorefleld tp. 

Moorefield p.r, 


County. 


Owen- 

Trigg 

Hani(xlen 

Hillsdale 

Muskegon 

Le  Sueur 

Le  Sueur 

Hickory 

Montgomery .. 

Wright 

Somerset 

Orange 

Orange 

Ashland 

Hamilton— 

Marion-. 

Wood- 

Franklin 

Indiana 

Montgomery.., 
Montgomery... 

Franklin 

Montgomery.., 

Lycoming , 

Drew 

Napa 

Jasper 

Piatt , 

Piatt , 

White , 

Jones , 

Jones , 

Johnson , 

Wayne , 

Aroostook 

Wright 

Wright 

Lewis , 

Otaego 

Suiliran , 

Green 

Lafayette- 

Whiteside 

Tippecanoe.... 

Tama 

Schuyler 

Alleghany 

Columbia 

Alleghany 

Lycoming 

Bear  Lake 

Blackford 

Musciitine 

Williams 

Washington-., 
Washington-., 

Kewaunee 

Effinghum 

Lee , 

Leo 

Genesee 

Wright 

Henry , 

Susquehanna.. 

Dane 

Johnson 

New  London  ., 

Waldo 

Geauga 

Medina.- 

Kl  Paso 

Barnstable 

Huntington-., 

Kosciusko , 

Marion 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Breckenridge.. 

Alleghany , 

Beaver 

Polk 

Newberry 

Sanilac 

Stevens— 

Oregon 

Shannon 

Northampton., 

Clark 

Harrison 

Harrison 


Stete. 


Ind 

Ky 

Mass.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn ... 
Minn... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  J 

N.  y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio-.- 

Ohio 

Ohio-.., 

Pa. 

Pa. , 

Pa , 

Tex 

Vt 

Mo 

Pa 

Ark 

Cal 

Ga 

Ill- 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Kan-.. 

Ky 

Me 

Minn.- 
Miun .. 

Mo 

N.  Y-.. 
N.  Y-.. 
Wis .... 

Wis 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa... 
N.  Y„.. 

Pa- 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Idaho.. 

Ind 

Iowa... 

Ohio 

Vt 

Vt , 

Wis 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Mich.... 
Minn. 

Mo 

Pa 

Wis 

Mo , 

Conn.., 

Me , 

Oliio-., 
Ohio-. 
Col ...., 
Mass... 
Ind...., 

Ind 

S.C 

N.  y„., 

N.  Y-., 
N.  Y„. 

Ky 

Pa 

P» 

Mo 

S.  C.-., 
Mich.., 
Minn ., 

Mo 

Mo 

Pa 

Ohio-.. 
Ohio-., 
Ohio..., 


846 


i  In  1872,  part  to  Lorett 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Flac«. 


I  Koorefleld p.h. 

Moorefleld p.». 

I  Mooreland tp. 

'  Moore  Park p.li. 

(  Mooresburg p.v. 

i  Mooresfield v. 

.  Moore's  Flat p.r. 

I  Moore's  Hill p.r- 

Moore's  Prairie p.tp, 

I  Moore8town_ p.v. 

I  Moorc8town„ p.h. 

'  Mooresville p.v. 

I  Mooresville v. 

I  Mooresville  „ p.v. 

:  Mooresville  „ tp. 

1  Mooresville ....p.v. 

I  Mooresville p.v. 

!  Mooresville h. 

I  Mooreville p.h. 

i  Mooroville v. 

I  Mooreville p.h. 

I  Moorlands tp. 

I  Moorland p.h. 

I  Moose  Lake tp. 

{  Moose  Lake p.v. 

Moose  Biver p.tp. 

I  Moosic p.v 

<  Mora > p.v. 

'Moral tp. 

:  Moran .^..p.v, 

'  Moran -..tp. 

I  Moran ^ P-tp. 

I  Moravia. p.v. 

I  Moravia tp. 

i  Moravia p.v. 

i  Moreau_ tp. 

'  Moreau ~ tp. 

'  Morean tp. 

Moreau tp. 

i  Moreliead p.v. 

I  Moreliead tp. 

I  Murehead  City tp. 

Morehead  City p.v. 

Moreliead  Station...h. 

'  Morehouse tp. 

'  Morelaud  > tp. 

'■  Moreland„ p.tp. 

'Morelaw tp. 

.  Morenci p.v. 

IMoretown p.tp. 

i  Morey p.h. 

'■  MoreysviUe h. 

Morfordsvllle.. p.h. 

I  Morgan p.v. 

I  Morgan. tp. 

'  Morgan tp. 

i  Morgan tp. 

Morgan tp. 

:Morgan tp. 

'Morgan tp, 

'  Morgan tp. 

jMorgan tp. 

iMorgan tp. 

IMorgan tp. 

lMorgiin_ tp. 

iMorgaii _ tp. 

■Morgan tp. 

Morgan „ tp. 

'Morgan „ tp. 

;Morgau tp. 

IMorgan tp. 

iMorgan tp. 

'Morgan tp. 

Morgan tp. 

IMorgan tp. 

'Morgan p.v. 

IMorgan- p.r. 

Morgan p.tp. 

Morgan  City ....p.v. 

■Morganfield ....p.v. 

Morgan  Park ~..p.v. 

iMorganton tp. 

Morgauton, p.v. 

.Morgaiiton p.v. 

Morgautown ....p.v. 

Morgantown ....p.v. 

Morgan  town p.v. 

Morgantown p.v. 

Morgan  ville p.h, 

iMoriah ...........tp. 

lIoriahM................p.v. 


Coanty. 


Nicholas 

Hardy 

Montgomery 

St.  Joseph 

Montour 

Washington-.... 

Nevada 

Dearborn 

Jefferson 

Burlington 

Northampton ,». 

Limestone 

Floyd 

Morgan 

Livingston 

Livingston 

Iredell 

Huntingdon 

Tama 

Washtenaw 

Lee 

Muskegon 

Wnyue 

Carlton , 

Carlton 

Somerset 

Lackawanna,,... 

Mora 

Shelby 

Clinton 

Mackinac , 

Todd 

Appanoose 

Cayuga 

Cayuga. 

Cole , 

Moniteau 

Morgan 

Saratoga 

Rowan 

Guilford 

Carteret 

Carteret 

Neosho 

Hamilton— 

Scott 

Lycoming 

Graham 

Lenawee 

Washington-,... 

Nye 

Carroll 

Johnson 

Calhoun , 

Coles 

Harrison , 

Owen , 

Porter. 

Crawford , 

Decatur. 

Franklin 

Harrison 

Woodbury , 

Redwood 

Dade , 

Mercer,- 

Rowan 

Rutherford 

Ashtabula 

Butler 

Gallia 

Knox 

Morgan- 

Scioto 

Greene 

Bosque 

Morgan- 

Orleans.- 

St  Mary 

Union 

Cook , 

Burke 

Burke 

Fannin 

Morgan ..-. 

Butler , 

Berks ., 

Monongalia-.... 

Dade - 

EsseX' 

Essex  -.........>-. 


State. 


Ky 

W.  Va. 

Pa 

Mich... 

Pa 

R,I 

Cal 

Ind„... 

Ill 

N,J 

Pa 

Ala 

Ind 

Ind 

Mo 

Mo 

N,  0,-,. 

Pa, 

Iowa. ,. 
Mich.,. 
Miss-., 
Mich... 
Ohio..., 
Minn ... 
Minn  „. 

Me 

Pa 

N.  Mex. 

Ind 

Ind 

Mich..., 
Minn  ... 
Iowa.... 
N.  Y-.., 
N.  T-.,. 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N,  Y-„, 

Ky 

N,  C 

N,  C 

N,0 

Kan 

N,  Y-... 

Mo 

Pa 

Kan 

Mich..- 

Vt 

Nev,,,-, 

Ohio 

Iowa,,.. 

Ga 

HI 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa. ... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa. 
Minn 
Mo.... 
Mo.... 
N.  C. 
N.C.- 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 
Ohio- 
Ohio.. 
Ohio- 
Pa-.,, 
Tex,.. 
Utah, 

Vt 

La 

Ky..., 

Ill 

N,0,„ 
N.C-. 
Ga..... 
Ind... 
Ky... 

Pa. 

W.Va,- 

Ga, 

N.  Y„. 

N.  y... 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


2,207 


617 
1,260 


1,229 
1,092 


194 
""bi 
104 


1,720 
'"373 


161 
2,169 


620 
IJOSi 
2,168 
2,256 


2,104 

1,168 

267 


186 

2,613 

815 


1,263 


126 

818 

1,426 

i,o:n 

679 


629 
240 
4C4 


2,114 
2,107 
1,064 

731 
1,083 
1,807 
1,403 

645 
2,186 

768 
1,101 


614 
800 


2,221 
664 


126 

"**797 
"4^683 


72 

664 

1,746 

64 

100 

107 

459 

333 

1,214 

1,497 

64 

183 

164 

864 

1,112 

172 

608 

48 

46 

106 

64 

409 

61 

613 

100 

102 

600 

915 

1,814 

121 

306 

464 

173 

2,699 

1,540 

1,736 

1,365 

3,046 

2,606 

163 

2,699 

1,306 

620 

62 

181 

1,371 

828 

381 

1,209 

1,180 

92 

44 

56 

111 

896 

1,391 

918 

708 

464 

601 

4S4 

711 

63 

56 

1,679 

2,857 

1,180 

713 

1,223 

1,884 

1,466 

728 

2,006 

1,019 

1,036 

347 

433 

711 

2,016 

744 

187 

2,966 

861 

143 

609 

204 

166 

746 

60 

7,379 

1,370 


Place. 


Morlah  Centre p,T. 

Moriah  Comers-,,, v, 

Moriches- p,v. 

Moritzius v. 

Morley  - p,v. 

Morley- tp, 

Morley „..p,v. 

Morning  Star- tp. 

Morning  Sun- tp. 

Morning  Sun- p.v. 

Morning  Sun p.v. 

Moro _ p.h. 

Moro tp. 

Moro- p.v. 

Moro p.tp. 

Morocco p.v. 

Moroni p.v. 

MorrellvlIIe v. 

Morrelsville v. 

Morrice p.v. 

Morrill _ tp. 

Morrill- p.tp. 

Morrillton p.v, 

Morris.- p.tp. 

Morris tp. 

Morri8„ - p.v. 

Morris - p.v. 

Morris- _..tp. 

Morris.- tp. 

Morris. -...p.v. 

Morris  > tp. 

Morris.-...  - tp. 

Morris.-.......- tp. 

Morris-. tp. 

Morris— tp. 

Morris— p.r. 

Morris.- tp. 

Morris- tp. 

Morris.- -...tp. 

Morris- tp. 

Morris,- tp. 

Morris tp. 

Morrisdale  Mlnes„.p,T. 

Morrison  - p.v. 

Morrison  - p.r. 

Morrison- p.r. 

Morrison p.v. 

Morrison  - p.tp. 

MorrisonvlIIe p.v. 

Morristown- p.h. 

Morristown v. 

Morristown- p.v. 

Morristown tp. 

Morristown p.T. 

Morristown p.r. 

Morristown. tp. 

Morristown p.r. 

Morristown- p.r. 

Morristown -..p.r. 

Morristown- tp. 

Morristown- p.h. 

Morrisville h. 

MorrisvUle.- p.r. 

Morrisville— p.r. 

Morrisville. p.v. 

Morrisville— p.h. 

Morrisville -..p.h. 

Morro tp. 

Morro p.r. 

Morrow — tp. 

Morrow tp. 

Morrow p.r. 

Morse p.h. 

Morton tp. 

Morton- p.r. 

Morton tp. 

Morton tp. 

Morton tp. 

Morton- pJi. 

Morton- tp. 

Morton- p.r. 

Morton's  Gap p.r. 

Mortons  ville p.v. 

Mortonville h. 

Morton  ville. p.r. 

Morven  ....- p.tp. 

Mosalem  - tp. 

Moscow p.h. 

Moscow....^— p.h. 

Moscow......— p.r. 

Moscow - tp. 


County. 


Essex — . 

Essex 

Suffolk 

Wright 

Mecosta 

Scott 

Scott 

Mecklenburg. 

Louisa 

Louisa 

Preble 

Lee 

Madison 

Madison 

Aroostook 

Newton 

San  Pete 

Cambria -. 

Saline 

Shiawassee..... 

Brown 

Waldo 

Conway- 

Litchfield 

Grundy- 

Grundy  - 

Ripley ......... 

Sumner 

Stevens 

Stevens - 

Carroll 

Salllvan.-..-. 
Texas.......—. 

Morris 

Otsego 

Otsego 

Knox 

Clearfield- 

Greene 

Huntingdon.. 

Tioga 

Washington-. 

Clearfield 

Jefferson 

Whiteside 

Grundy 

Gasconade 

Brown 

Christian 

Henry 

Randolph 

Shelby 

Bice 

Rice 

Morris 

St.  Lawrence .. 
St.  Lawrence .. 

Belmont 

Hamblen 

Lamoille 

Lamoille 

Calhoun 

Polk 

Madison 

Wake 

Clinton 

Bucks 

San  Luis  Obispo - 
San  Luis  Obispo - 

Adair 

Macon 

Warren 

Johnson 

Tazewell 

Tazewell....- ., 

Page 

Sedgwick 

Mecosta , 

Ray 

Alamance- 

Delaware.- 

Hopkins 

Woodford 

Carroll 

Chester..— 

Anson - 

Dubuque 

Lamar 

Nes  Perces 

Rush 

Muscatine 


State. 


N.  Y„ 

N.Y- 

N.  Y- 

Minn 

Mich.. 

Mo 

Mo. 

N.a-. 

Iowa... 

Iowa.. 

Ohio. 

Ark... 

HI 

HI 

Me 

Ind 

Utah.... 

Pa 

HI 

Mich.-. 

Kan 

Me 

Ark 

Conn..- 

HI 

Ill 

Ind 

Kan 

Minn  .- 
Minn .- 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  J-„. 

N.  Y 

N,  Y 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa- 

Pa 

Pa 

Col 

HI 

lowa..- 

Mo 

Wis. 

HI- 

HI 

Ind 

Ind 

Minn  .- 
Minn-. 
N.  J™... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Tenn ... 

Vt 

Vt 

Ala 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.C 

Ohio 

Pa- 

Cal 

Cal 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio 

Iowa..- 

HI 

HI 

Iowa..- 
Kan-,,. 
Mich..- 

Mo 

N.C....- 

Pa 

Ky 

Ky 

Ind 

Pa. 

N,  C 

Iowa.... 

Ala, 

Idaho,  - 

Ind 

Iowa.  .- 


Population. 


1870.     1880. 


701 
3,251 
3,138 


3,831 

964 

639 

6,674 

2,253 


860 

1,480 

1,296 

688 

423 

1,050 


1,169 


1,090 


1,954 


423 


1,897 


813 

627 


877 


708 


1,22s 


794 


1,325 
972 


1,033 


17» 

208 

269 

104 

299 

828 

232 
1,693 
1,734 

812 

171 

61 

1,249 

133 

171 

174 

838 

659 

105 

229 

972 

494 

770 

627 
3,671 
3,488 

634 

322 

269 

743 
1,763 

909 
1,080 
6,837 
2,404 

768 

833 
1,909 
1,390 

678 

622 
1,161 

409 

186  i 
1,981  • 

118 

118 
1,643 

748 
44 

208 

376 
1,422 

617 
6,418 
2,186 

397 

434 

1,350 

2,099 

88 

93 

122 

741 

166 
61 

968 

281 

183 
1,683 

798 

946 

84 

1,490 

428 

707 

278 

471 
49 

984 

32T 

241 

166 
98 

130 
2,226 

900 
68 
78 

132 

8TI 


1  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


*  In  1877,  parts  to  Bates  and  Bogart 


347 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PUo*. 


p.T. 

?.▼• 

»P. 

« T. 

P»P. 

Ptp. 

P'- 

.p.T. 


Moacow...... 

Uoaoow. 

Moaoow 

Moaoow. 

MoMow. 

MOMOW. 

Moacow 

Moscow , 

Moaoow „ h 

Moacow ^ p.T, 

Moacow......... p.T. 

Moacow ..M p.T. 

Moscow tp. 

Moacow .^ p.h. 

Moael ....p.tp. 

Moselle ....p.h. 

■Moselm p.T. 

Mosely  Hall tp. 

Hosertown...... h. 

MosherriUe p.T. 

Moeinee tp. 

MoBinee p.T. 

Mosquito ~tp. 

Muss _.tp. 

Moss  Point. ..p.T. 

Mosoville p.h. 

Mossy  Creek ....p.T. 

Motley „ tp. 

Motley p.T. 

Mott > tp. 

Mott's »..tp. 

MottvlUe  - p.tp. 

MottTille~ p.T. 

Monlton p.T, 

Moiilton tp. 

MonI  ton p.tp. 

Moulton p.T, 

Moultonborough...p.tp. 

Moultonville p.T. 

MoultrieviUe. p.T. 

Mound tp. 

Mound tp. 

Mound  _ tp. 

Mound tp. 

Mound tp. 

Mound.. tp. 

Mound- tp. 

Mound  „ tp. 

Mound  City tp. 

Mound  City p.T. 

Mound  City p.T. 

Mound  Prairie tp. 

Mound  Prairie p.tp. 

Mound  Station p.T. 

Mounds  View tp. 

Moundsvllle p.T. 

Mound  Valley tp. 

Mound  Valley p.T. 

MoundTille tp. 

Moundville h. 

MoundTille p.tp. 

Mount  ^tna p.T. 

Mountain tp. 

Mountain tp. 

Mountain tp. 

Mountain tp. 

Mountain p.tp. 

Mountain  Creek.. ..p.tp. 
Mountain  Eagle....p.T. 
Mountain  Green  ...h. 
Mountain  GroTe....tp. 
Mountain  GroTe....p.h. 
Mountain  Grove.... p.h. 
Mountain  Home. ...p.T. 
Mountain  IIonie....p.v. 
Mountain  Island. ..p.T. 

Mountain  Lake p.tp, 

Mountain  Meadows.tp. 

Mountain  Peak p.T. 

Mountain  Spring. ..tp. 

Mountain  View p.h. 

Mountain  View„...p.T. 
Mountain  View„...p.T. 

MoiintaioTille p.T. 

Mount  Airy_ „..p.T. 

Mount  Airy „..p.h. 

Mount  Airy_ p.h. 

Mount  Airy„........tp. 

Mount  Airy ^..p.T. 

Mount  Ararat h. 

Mount  Auburn...... tp. 

Mount  Aubnm„....p.T. 

Monnt  Aaburn...«.T. 

iii 


Ooanty. 


Muscatine- 

Hickman- 

Somerset 

AUaghany 

Hillsdale 

Froaborn 

Livingston. 

Clermont 

Coshocton- 

Lackawanna... 

Fayette- 

Polk 

Iowa.............. 

Iowa 

Sheboygan 

Franklin 

Berks- 

Lenoir 

Northampton- 
Hillsdale 

Marathon 

Marathon 

Christian 

Edgefield 

Jackson- 

Peoria 

Jefferson 

Morrison 

Morrison 

Franklin 

Clarendon-...., 
St.  Joseph...... 

Onondaga 

Appanoose 

Murray- 

Auglaize 

LaTaca 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Charleston..... 

EfiSngham 

McDonough... 

Warren , 

McPherson 

Miami 

Phillips 

Rock 

Bates 

Linn 

Linn 

Holt 

Jasper 

Houston 

Brown 

Bamscy 

Marshall 

Labette 

Labette.- 

Vernon 

Vernon , 

Marquette 

Berks 

Del  Norte .. 

El  Dorado-.... 

Siskiyon 

Barry 

McDonald.-... 

Catawba 

Centre 

Morgan 

Wright 

Wright.- 

Luzerne 

Baxter 

Monroe- 

Gaston 

Cottonwood.-.. 

Lassen 

Ellis 

Butte 

Stone 

Santa  Clara 

Possnic 

Lehigh 

Haliersham.... 

Carroll 

Randolph  - 

Surry 

Surry 

Lebanon 

Cliristian. -...., 

Christian.- 

Wayne 


State. 


Towft. 
Ky..., 
Me ... 
Md.., 
Mich 
Minn ... 
N.  Y.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohia... 

Pa. 

Tenn.., 
Tex...., 
WU...., 
Wis...., 
Wis...., 

Mo , 

Pa 

N.C.-. 

Pa 

Mich.., 
Wis.... 
Wis.-. 

Ill , 

8.  C 

Miaa... 

Ill 

Tenn.. 
Minn . 
Minn . 
Iowa.. 
8.0... 
Mich.. 
N.  Y-. 
Iowa. . 
Minn . 
Ohio... 
Tex.... 
N.  H... 
N.  H-. 
S.C... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind..... 
ICan  -. 
Kan- 
Kan  — 
Minn.. 

Mo 

Kan ... 

Kan. 

Mo 

Iowa.. 
Minn . 
Ill  .... 
Minn... 
W.  Va. 
Kan-.. 
Kan  _.. 

Mo 

Mo 

WU 

Pa 

Cal 

Cal. 

Cal. 

Mo 

Mo 

N.C 

Pa 

Utah... 

Mo 

Mo 

Pa. 

Ark 

Pa 

N.  C-.. 
Minn .. 

Cal 

Tex 

Cal 

Ark 

Cal 

N.  J.-.. 

Pa. 

Ga 

Md...... 

Mo 

N.  0 

N.  0.... 

Pa 

III- 

Ill 

Ind 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


8M 
628 


1,223 
6i)2 


955 


1,088 
"2,627 


334 


1,270 

2,080 

440 


600 
721 


678 
'i',25'2 
"i',299 


1,211 

1,350 

394 


1,374 
635 


1,016 
650 


215 

1,500 
275 


897 
*408 


09 
271 


704 
"i',298 


2,363 
'i',640 


271 

288 
622 
2G4 

1,3.37 
650 
262 
616 
86 
320 
193 
228 
921 
66 

1,011 
94 
195 

2,446 
61 
943 
882 
201 

1,651 

1,480 

1,338 
99 
399 
205 
199 

2,304 
927 
690 
633 
681 
69 

1,436 
109 

1,254 
161 
C61 

1,870 

1,305 
484 
663 
739 
375 
244 
686 

1,471 
443 
678 
843 
766 
196 
673 

1,774 

1,408 
138 
704 
85 
334 
304 
191 
268 
202 
990 
297 

1,614 

150 

75 

721 

92 

66 

137 

281 

321 

1,043 
14 
124 
400 
99 
250 
103 
108 
112 
91 
46 

2,893 

619 

63 

1,741 
208 
171 


Place. 


..p.h. 

.p.T. 

..p.h. 

.p.T. 


Mount  Ayr.- p.T. 

Mount  Ayr tp. 

Mount  BInnchard-.p.T. 

Mount  Calm p.T. 

Mount  Calvary p.T. 

Mount  Carbon b. 

Mount  Carmel e. 

Mount  Cannel p.T, 

Mount  Cannel .. 
Mount  Carmel.. 
Mount  Carmel .. 
Mount  Cannel .. 

Mount  Carmel tp. 

Mount  Carmel p.b. 

Mount  Carroll p.tp. 

Mount  Chase tp. 

Mount  Clare p.T. 

Mount  Clemens-... p.T. 

Mount  Clifton p.h. 

Mount  Clio tp. 

Mount  Cory p.T. 

Mount  Crawford  ...p.T. 

Mount  Croglian tp. 

Mount  Desert- p.tp. 

Mount  Eaton— p.T.> 

Mount  Eden p.T. 

Mount  Elun h. 

Mount  Ephraim. ...p.T. 

Mount  Erie- tp. 

Mount  Erie p.T. 

Mount  Etna p.T. 

Mount  Etna .p.T. 

Mount  Gilead p.tp. 

Mount  Gilead- p.T. 

Mount  Haley tp. 

Mount  Hermon tp. 

Mt.HickoryIronW'ks.T, 
Monnt  Hllliard.-...p.T. 

Mount  Holly t. 

Mount  Holly p.tp, 

MountHollySprings.pb, 

Mount  Hope p.h. 

Mount  Hope tp. 

Mount  Hope p.T. 

Mount  Hope p.tp. 

Mount  Hope tp. 

Mount  Hope p.h. 

Mount  Horeb p.h. 

Mount  Ida p.h. 

Mount  Ida p.tp 

Mount  Idaho p.T. 

Mount  Jackson  ...-T. 
Mount  JackBon.-...p.T. 
Mount  Jefferson  ...h. 

Mount  Joy tp. 

Mount  Joy.- tp. 

Mount  Joy p.b. 

Mount  Kisco p.T. 

Mount  Laurel .p.tp. 

Mount  Lebanon p. v. 

Mount  Leonard p.h. 

Mount  Liberty p.T. 

Mount  Meridian. ...p.h. 

Mount  Moriah p.T. 

Mount  Morris tp. 

Mount  Morris p.T. 

Mount  Morris tp. 

Blount  Morris p.T. 

Mount  Morris tp. 

Mount  Morris p.T. 

Mount  Morris p.T. 

Mount  Morris tp. 

Mount  Morris p.h. 

Mount  ]tIoume. p.h. 

Mount  Nebo t. 

Mount  Olive p.T. 

Mount  Olive p.tp. 

Mount  Oliver. p.T. 

Mount  Olivet. -p.T. 

Mount  OliTet- h. 

Mount  Orab p.T. 

Mount  Patrick p.b. 

Mount  Perry p.T. 

Mount  Pisgah p.h. 

Mount  Pleasant  ....h. 
Mount  Pleasant. ...h. 
Mount  Pleasant.. ..tp. 
Mount  Pleasant. ...tp. 
Mount  Pleasant. ...c. 
Monnt  Pleasant, ...tp. 
Mount  Pleasant. ...p.h. 
Mount  Pleasant  ....tp. 
Mount  Pleasant  ....p.T. 


Oonnty. 


Ringgold 

Osborne 

Hancock 

Limestone 

Fond  du  Lac 

Schuylkill 

Wabash 

Franklin 

Carroll 

Fleming 

Covington- 

Clermont 

Norihumborland. 
Northumberland, 

Carroll , 

Penobscot  - 

Harrison 

Macomb 

Shenandoah- 

Sumter-. 

Hancock 

Rockingham 

Chesterileld.- 

Hancock 

Wayne 

Spencer- 

Darlington 

Noble 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Huntington 

Adams 

Montgomery 

Morrow 

Midland 

Pasquotank 

Erie 

Bullock]- 

Warren  - 

Rutland 

Cumberland 

Lawrence 

McLean- 

Morris 

Orange 

Grant 

Grant 

Dane 

Montgomery 

Grant 

Idaho 

Marion 

Shenandoah 

Shelby 

Adams 

Lancaster- 

Lancaster- 

Westchester 

Burlington 

Bienville 

Saline- -, 

Knox 

Putnam 

Harrison 

Ogle 

Ogle 

Genesee- 

Genesee 

Livingston 

Livingston 

Greene 

Waushara. 

Waunhara. 

Iredell 

Leinnon 

Macoupin 

Morris 

Alleghany 

Robertson 

Belmont 

Brown. 

Perry  

Perry 

Clermont 

Placer 

Brown 

Whiteside- 

Delaware.- 

Henry 

Atchison 

Atchison 

Labette.- 

Frederick- 


SUta. 


1870.     188a 


Iowa.... 
Kan  -... 
Ohio-... 

Tex 

Wis 

Pa 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa... 

Ky 

Miss-.. 
Ohio.... 

Pa. 

Pa 

Ill 

Me 

W.  Va.. 
Mich... 

Va 

S.  0 

Ohio.... 

Va 

S.  C 

Me 

Ohio-.. 

Ky 

S.  0 

Ohio-.. 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.., 
N.  C-.., 
Ohio-., 
Mich.- 

N.C 

Pa 

Ala 

Ohio-., 

Vt 

Pa 

Ala 

Ill 

N.J-.. 
N.  Y-.. 
Wis..... 
Wis..... 

Wis 

Ark.... 

Wis 

Idaho.. 

lud 

Va 

Ohio.... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

N.Y-.. 
N.  J.-.. 

La. 

Mo 

Ohio..., 

Ind 

Mo 

Ill 

Ill 

Mich.., 
Mich.., 
N.  Y„.. 
N.  Y-., 

Pa 

Wis 

Wis 

N.C.-., 

Pa 

Ill 

N.  J.-. 

Pa 

Ky 

Ohio-.. 

Ohio-... 

Pa-.. 

Ohio. 

Ohio. 

Cal... 

HI.... 

111.... 

Ind.. 

Iowa. 

Kan. 

Kan. 

Kan.. 

Md.... 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  KETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Plsceu 


Bloont  Plea8ant....T.'' 
I  Mount  Plea8ant„...p.T. 

I  Mount  Pleasant tp. 

I   Mount  Pleasant—.p.T. 

I  Mount  Pleasant tp. 

I  Mount  Pleiisant tp. 

I   Mount  Pleasant v. 

;  Mount  Pleasant tp. 

I  Mount  Pleasant tp. 

f  Mount  Pleasant tp. 

I  Mount  Pleasant tp. 

I   Mount  Pleasant-...p.T. 

I  Mount  Pleasant v. 

I  Mount  Pleasant h. 

I  Mount  Pleasant.. ..tp. 

i  Mount  Pleasant p.v. 

I  Mount  Pleasant tp.' 

I  Mount  Pleasant t. 

I   Mount  Pleasant tp. 

I   tlount  Pleasant v. 

I   Mount  Pleasant.... tp. 

1   Mount  Pleasant tp. 

j   Mount  Pleasant v. 

I   Mount  Pleasant.  ...tp. 

;  Mount  Pleasant p.b. 

i   Jlouut  Pleasant p.v. 

I   Mount  Pleasant p.v.. 

I   Mount  Plea8ant-...p.T. 
Mount  Plca8aut....T. 

I  Mount  Pleasant tp. 

i   Mount  Pleasant....tp. 

Mount  Pulaski tp. 

Mount  Pulaski p.T. 

I   Mountraille b. 

:  Mount  Koszell p.h. 

Mount  Boyal p.h. 

'  Slount  Salem p.b. 

I  Mount  Savage p.v. 

;  Mount  Sidney p.v. 

I  Mount  Sinai p.v. 

,  Mount  Solon p.T. 

I  Mount  Sterling p.y. 

I  Mount  Sterling tp. 

'  Mount  Sterling p.v. 

\  Mount  Sterling p.v. 

!  Mount  Sterling p.v. 

{  Mount  Sterling p.v. 

i   Mount  Sterling v. 

I  Mount  Sterling p.b. 

f  Mount  Summit p.v. 

(  Mount  Tabor p.tp. 

1  Mount  Tirzab p.tp. 

■   Mount  Ulla p.tp. 

;  Mount  Union p.b. 

i  Monnt  Union p.v. 

I  Monnt  Union p.b. 

i  Mount  Valley p.tp. 

I  Mount  Vernon p.v. 

i  Mount  Vernon. p.h. 

i  Mount  Vernon tp. 

j  Mount  Vernon p.v. 

Monnt  Vernon h. 

Mount  Vernon p.v. 

Mount  Vernon v. 

Mount  Vernon tp. 

Monnt  Vernon tp. 

Mount  Vernon p.v. 

Mount  Vernon p.b. 

Mount  Vernon tp. 

"Tlount  Vernon p.v. 

Sount  Vernon v. 

lount  Vernon fp. 

Ilount  Vernon tp. 

■cunt  Vernon p.v. 

Vount  Vernon tp. 

ionnt  Vernon p.v. 

Ilount  Vernon p.v. 

Kount  Vernon c. 

ttount  Vernon p.v. 

ffount  Vernon p.h. 

Rount  Victory„....p.v. 

Bountville tp. 

■ountville p.h. 

i:  JIouDt  Vision p.v. 

Mount  Washington.p.v. 
JlountWashington.p.- 
BlonntWashington.tp. 
Mount  Washington.p.v. 

Mount  Winang p.v, 

Monnt  Wolf p.v. 

Mount  Zion p.tp. 


County. 


Washington. 

Isabella^ 

Wabasha 

Marshall 

Bates 

Cass 

Gentry 

Lan-ronce.. 

Scotland 

Westchester 

Cabarrus 

Cabarrus 

Ilamilton... 

Hocking 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Adams 

Berks 

Columbia 

Luzerne 

Washington. 

Wayne 

Wayne , 

Westmoreland'.... 
Westmoreland .... 

Charleston 

Titus 

San  Pete «... 

JeCTerson 

Green 

Racine 

Logan 

Logan 

Mountraille 

Limestone 

York 

Sussex 

Carter 

Augnsta 

Suffolk 

Augusta 

Choctaw 

Brown 

Brown 

Van  Buren........ 

Montgomery 

Madison 

Muskingum- 

Crawford 

Henry 

Kutland. 

Person 

Bowan 

Henry 

Stark 

Huntingdon 

Winnebago 

Faulkner 

Montgomery 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Fulton 

Posey 

Wabash 

Black  Hawk 

Cerro  Gordo 

Linn 

Kockcastle 

Kennebec 

Kennebec 

Baltimore 

Winona 

Lawrence 

Lawrence 

Hillsborough 

Hillsborough 

Westchester 

Knox 

Franklin 

Bane 

Hardin 

Morris 

Morgan 

Otsego 

Bullitt 

Baltimore. 

Berkshire. 

Hamilton 

Baltimore. 

York 

Macon 


State. 


Population. 


Md ... 
Mich. 
Minn 
Miss.. 
Mo ... 
Mo.... 
Mo ... 
Mo.... 
Mo.... 
N.Y. 
N.C. 
N.  C. 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 
Ohio. 
Ohio. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa- 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa 

S.  0 

Tex 

Utah.... 
W.  Va., 
Wis...., 

Wis 

111 

Ill 

Dakota. 

Ala. 

Pa 

N.J_... 

Ky 

Va 

N.  Y.... 

Va 

Ala 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa... 

Ky 

Ohio 

Ohio..., 
Wis.... 

Ind 

Yt 

N.  C-... 
N.C... 
Iowa.... 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

Iowa.... 

Ark 

Ga 

HI 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind , 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 

Ky 

Mo 

Me 

Md 

Minn .. 

Mo 

Mo 

N.H.... 
N.H.... 
N.  Y.... 
Ohio... 
Tex ..... 

Wis 

Ohio.... 
N.  J.... 
Ohio.... 

N.  y... 

Ky 

Md 

Mass... 
Ohio... 

Md 

Pa....... 

lU. 


2,688 
712 


1,863 
1,230 
6,210 
1,021 


1,664 

663 

1,947 


761 


1,321 
1,962 


2,547 
717 


1,346 


1,164 

3,560 

1,910 

663 


2,703 
1,352 


1,040 
389 


108 

301 

1,117 

1,720 


316 
635 


2,540 
1,167 


2,880 


1,035 


1,252 


659 
3,030 


2,700 

4,876 

223 


1,403 


1,096 


165 

1,115 

642 

136 

3,428 

1,210 

116 

1,040 

1,239 

6,450 

1,234 

314 

871 

76 

1,582 

693 

2,138 

188 

759 

191 

1,677 

1,880 

1G9 

4,224 

1,197 

783 

452 

2,004 

125 

1,086 

2,166 

2,348 

1,126 

13 

35 

46 

38 

149 

244 

276 

209 

126 

2,780 

1,446 

147 

2,087 

482 

224 

95 

200 

495 

1,377 

1,803 

44 

327 

764 

795 

161 

69 

8,625 

2,324 

46 

3,730 

115 

916 

266 

977 

90 

1,170 

188 

460 

703 

2,999 

627 

617 

117 

4,586 

6,249 

311 

66 

674 

1,270 

26 

191 

887 

1,062 

206 

393 

699 

148 

1,202 


Place. 


Connty. 


Mount  Zion p.r, 

Mount  Zion p.b. 

Mount  Zion tp. 

Moville p.tp. 

Moweaqua. tp. 

Moweaqua p.v. 

Mowersville p.b. 

Mowrystown p.v. 

Moxahala p.v. 

Moyer tp. 

Moyock..... p.tp. 

Muchachinock p.v. 

Muddy  Creek tp. 

Muddy  Creek v. 

Muddy  Fork h. 

Mud  Springs tp. 

Muhlenberg tp. 

Muhlenberg tp. 

Muir p.v. 

Muitzeskil p.h. 

Mukilteo p.h. 

MukwB tp. 

Mukwonago tp. 

Slukwonago p.v. 

Mulberry p.v. 

Mulberry. tp. 

Mulberry. p.h. 

Mulberry. tp. 

Mulberry p.  v. 

Mulberry  Qrove....p.v. 

Mullica' tp. 

MullicaHill p.T. 

Mulligan .tp. 

Mulvane. p.v. 

Mumford p.v. 

Mumford p.v. 

Mummasburg p.v. 

Muncie p.b. 

Muncie c. 

Muncy .p.b. 

Muncy tp. 

Muncy  Creek tp. 

Mundy p.tp. 

Mnnford p.v. 

MunfordviUe p.v, 

Munising tp. 

Munising. p.v. 

Munnsville p.v, 

Munro tp. 

Munson tp. 

MunsoD tp. 

Munson tp. 

Munsonville p.v, 

Munster p.tp. 

Murdock tp. 

Murdock p.h. 

Murfreesborough  ..p.b. 
Murfreesborough  ..tp. 
Murfreesborough  ..p.v. 
Murfreesborough  ..p.v. 

Murphy tp. 

Murphy p.v. 

Murphy's p.v. 

Murphysborough...tp. 
Murphysborough...p.v. 

MurphysTille p.h. 

Murray tp. 

Murray p.v. 

Murray p.v. 

Murray tp. 

Murray p.v. 

Murray tp. 

Murray p.tp 

MurraysviUe p.v. 

Murrayvilie p.v. 

Murrysville p.h. 

Muscatine c. 

Muscle  Fork p.tp. 

Muscle  liidge tp. 

Muscoda tp. 

Muscoda p.v, 

Muscongus  Island.isl. 

Muscotah p.v. 

Muskego tp. 

Muskegon c. 

Muskegon tp. 

Muskingum tp. 

Muskingum p.tp. 

Mussel  Slough tp. 

Mussey tp. 

Mutual p.v. 


Uacon  .............. 

Lebanon  ........... 

Clarendon.^......., 

Woodbury.......... 

Shelby .., 

Shelby 

Franklin 

Highland.. 

Perry 

Swift 

Currituck , 

Mahaska ~.... 

Butler.............. 

Laramie 

Howard 

El  Dorado 

Pickaway 

Berks 

Ionia 

Rensselaer 

Snohomish 

Waupaca 

Waukesha 

Waukesha 

Clinton 

Clay 

Bates 

Wilkes 

Lincoln. 

Bond 

Atlantic 

Gloucester 

Brown 

Sumner. 

Monroe 

Robertson 

Adams 

Vermilion 

Delaware 

Lycoming 

Lycoming 

Lycoming 

Genesee 

Talladega. 

Hart 

Schoolcraft 

Schoolcraft 

Madison 

Cheboygan 

Henry 

Steams 

Geauga.. 

Cheshire 

Cambria 

Butler 

Warren 

Pike 

Hertford 

Hertford 

Rutherford 

Cherokee 

Cherokee 

Calaveras 

Jackson 

Jtujkson 

Mason 

Alameda 

Wells 

Clarke 

Marshall 

Callaway 

Murray 

Orleans 

Jackson 

Morgan 

Westmoreland... 

Muscatine. 

Chariton 

Knox. 

Grant. 

Grant 

Lincoln 

Atchison 

Waukesha 

Muskegon 

Muskegon 

Muskingum. 

Washington 

Tulare 

St.  Clair 

Champaign 


State. 


Population. 


1870.     ISM. 


III. 

Pa. 

8.C 

Iowa... 

Ill 

Ill 

Pa 

Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Minn ., 
N.C... 
Iowa.. 

Pa. 

Wy 

Ark 

Cal 

Ohio... 

Pa 

Midi... 
N.  Y-. 
Wash.. 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis.... 

Ind 

Kan... 

Mo 

N.  C... 
Tenn . 

Ill 

N.J_. 
N.J... 
Minn.. 
Kan.... 
N.  Y... 

Tex 

Pa. 

Ill 

Ind 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa 

Mich... 

Ala 

Ky 

Mich... 
Mich... 
N.  Y... 
Mich... 

Ill 

Minn. 
Ohio.... 
N.  H... 

Pa 

Kan 

Ohio..... 

Ark 

N.C 

N.C... 
Tenn.... 
N.  C... 
N.  0... 

Cal 

Ill 

Ill 

Ky 

Cal 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Kan  ... 

Ky 

Minn... 
N.  Y... 
W.  Va. 

Ill 

Pa 

Iowa... 

Mo 

Me 

Wis.-.. 

Wis 

Me 

Kan... 

M'is 

Mich... 
Mich.... 
Ohio... 

Ohio 

Cal 

Mich... 
Ohio 


1,204 


972 


1,672 

967 

1,647 


1,819 
1,261 


1,362 
124 


2,266 


97 


2,992 
1,040 
978 
1,510 
1,371 


1,171 
795 
761 


1,961 

753 

3,502 

1,546 


3,464 


2,400 


2,522 


6,718 
710 
263 
911 


142 


1,409 
6,002 
401 
1,078 
1,136 


1,117 


243 

60 

674 

116 

1,123 

673 

46 

120 

875 

258 

1,381 

313 

790 

141 

69 

1,661 

1,139 

1,913 

714 

62 

66 

1,023 

1,084 

239 

229 

911 

44 

1,457 

148 

612 

717 

444 

843 

216 

465 

114 

104 

81 

6,219 

1,174 

809 

1,709 

1,645 

147 

274 

270 

135 

329 

140 

1,039 

810 

774 

111 

640 

406 

31 

84 

2,152 

646 

3,800 

2,233 

170 

384 

4,197 

2,196 

80 

4,361 

106 

491 

1,178 

636 

288 

2,812 

112 

385 

81 

8,295 

1,061 

258 

1,226 

740 

133 

412 

1,422 

11,262 

924 

1,018 

1,350 

1,776 

1,746 

189 


.1  In  1870,  inclnding  Hammonton. 


349 


POPULATION  OF  THB  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPAREDi 


Plaot. 


lljr*" .^.tp. 

Mjren tp. 

Vyenburg p.h. 

llyeretowii.. p.T. 

Myenrilla t. 

Myenrillo h. 

llyersTlllo p.T. 

Syenville b. 
yra» p.b. 

llyrtle- tp. 

Myrtle  Cre«k„ p.T. 

Hyrtle  Point. p.h. 

Mystic p.T. 

Mystic  Bridge p.T. 

Mystic  River p.T. 

Kaausay p.tp. 

Kacbiua tp. 

Kacbuaa p.T. 

Ifiicogdochoe p.T, 

Nacimiento v. 

Kag's  Ueud tp. 

Kabant— p.T. 

KaheDa....... tp. 

Kabunta tp. 

Kameokl p.tp. 

Kaneeville h. 

I^ankin p.tp. 

Vantaliala tp. 

Kautnbala p.tp. 

Kanticoke hud. 

Nanticoke tp. 

Iv'anticoke p.b. 

Kati  tucket p.tp. 

Hapa.. tp. 

Vapa« o. 

Kaperville tp. 

NaperrlUe p.T. 

Kapier p.tp. 

Kaplos p.T. 

Naples p.tp. 

Kaple8....„ tp. 

Maples.- p.T. 

Naples tp. 

Kii|x>leon p.T. 

Kapoleoi)- tp. 

Kapoleon p.T. 

Napoleon. tp. 

Napoleon p.T. 

Napoleon t. 

N!ii)olconvillo_ p.T. 

Na|K>leonTUle v. 

Napoli p.tp. 

Naponee p.b. 

Nappanee _ p.v. 

Napton p.b. 

Naron p.tp. 

Narragansett  Pier..p.T. 

Narrowsburg ~.p.T. 

Nasewaupeo tp. 

Niisbport  „ p.T. 

Nashua p.li. 

Nashua tp. 

Nashua. p.T. 

Nashua. c. 

NasbTille p.T. 

Nashville p.b. 

Nashville..... p.v. 

Nashville p.T. 

Nashville. p.h. 

Nashville tp. 

Nashville. p.v. 

Nashville. tp. 

Nashville. p.tp. 

Nashville tp. 

Nashville. p.v. 

NasbTille p.T. 

NasbTille h. 

'Nashville c. 

Nashville b. 

Nasonville v. 

Nassau.. tp. 

Nanan.. tp. 

Nassau.. p.v, 

Natchez c. 

Natcliitocbes.. p.v, 

Natick p.tp. 

National tp. 

Natioual p.T, 

NaUonal  City p.T, 

Nat  Military  Home.p.T. 
Nat  Soldiers'  Home.p.T, 


Coantjr. 


Howell. ....M , 

Orundy.. 

Bradford 

Lebanon , 

Pennington....... 

Vermilion. ~. 

Frederick.- 

Schuylkill .> 

Washington..... 

Knox , 

Douglas 

Coos 

New  London 

New  London 

New  London 

Kendall 

Lee 

Lee 

Nacogdoches 

Bernalillo 

Bare 

Essex. 

Delta 

Wayne 

Madison 

Caledonia 

Wayne 

Macon 

Swain 

Sussex 

Broome. 

Luzerne «... 

Nantucket 

Napa. 

Napa.. 

Du  Page 

Du  Page 

Bedford. 

Scott 

Cumberland 

Ontario^ 

Ontario.. 

Buffalo 

Ripley 

Jackson 

.Tackson 

Henry  ............ 

Henry 

Holmes. 

Assumption 

Monmouth 

Cattaraugus 

Franklin 

Elkhart. 

Saline 

Pratt 

Washington..... 

Sullivan 

Door 

Muskingum..... 

Putnam 

Ogle 

Chickasaw 

Hillsborough.... 

Howard 

El  Dorado 

Washington..... 

Brown 

Jackson 

Aroostook. 

Ban-y 

Martin 

Barton 

Nash 

Nash 

Holmes 

York 

Davidson.......... 

Cass , 

Providence 

Sioux 

Rensselaer. 

Rensselaer. , 

Adams 

Natcbitocbea.... 

Middlesex. ., 

San  Diego , 

Clayton. 

San  Diego 

Montgomery 

Elizabeth  City., 


8Ut«. 


Mo 

Mo 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Dak. 

111 

Md 

Pa 

Wla 

Mo 

Oregon. 
Oregon. 
Conn.... 
Conn.... 
Conn.... 

IlL 

111. 

III. 

Tex 

N.Mex. 
N.  C„. 
Mass.. 
Mich., 
N.  0„, 

III 

Vt 

Mich., 
N.  0.., 
N.  C, 
Del ..., 
N.  Y„ 

Pa 

Mass. 
Cal...., 
Cal...., 

Ill , 

111 

Pa 

Ill 

Me 

N.  y.. 

N.  Y... 
Wis.. 
Ind.... 
Mich., 
Mich., 
Ohio.., 
Ohio., 
Ohio., 
La...., 
N.J.. 
N.  y„ 
Nob.. 
Ind.... 
Mo.... 
Kan. 
R.  I.. 
N.  Y. 
Wis... 
Ohio.. 
Fla ..., 

Ill 

Iowa. 
N.  H .. 
Ark.. 
Cal.... 

Ill 

Ind... 
Iowa. 
Me.... 
Mich.... 
Minn .., 

Mo 

N.  C... 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Pa 

Tenn... 

Tex 

R.  1 

Iowa..., 
N.  Y.... 
N.  Y... 
Miss.... 

La 

Mass... 

Cal 

Iowa... 

Cal. 

Ohio... 
Y». 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


421 


1,(X)0 
475 


1,874 


2,955 
383 


2,076 
1,058 


4,123 
3,791 
1,879 
2,939 
1,713 
1,825 


1,058 
2,188 


1,009 
*i*030 


3,334 
2,018 


1,174 


483 

817 

10,543 


1,640 
270 


30 
&12 
508 
4G0 


208 


25,868 


2,705 


9,057 
1,401 
6,404 


446 

750 

90 

1,580 

103 

46 

138 

79 

37 

058 

119 

62 

384 

910 

1,169 

831 

1,148 

105 

833 

350 

1,104 

808 

888 

2,769 

1,466 

70 

3,231 

855 

1,003 

2,248 

999 

3,884 

3,727 

7,143 

3,731 

2,511 

2,073 

2,011 

442 

1,007 

2,699 

1.360 

1,625 

250 

1,177 

379 

4,504 

3,032 

137 

497 

156 

1,126 

76 

647 

28 

155 

621 

313 

762 

141 

91 

432 

1,116 

13,397 

172 

47 

8,222 

348 

41 

3:) 

978 

4G5 

456 

1,548 

212 

217 

54 

43,350 

61 

161 

696 

2,629 

449 

7,058 

2,786 

8,479 

387 

105 

248 

3,454 

«27 


PUoo. 


Natonla. tp. 

Nntrona p.b. 

Natrona p.T. 

Natural  Dam T. 

Naugatuck.. ~..p.tp. 

Nauvoo p.tp. 

Nuvarino- ]>.tp. 

Navarre p.T. 

Navasiiik .p.T. 

Navasola. p.T. 

Navy  Cove t. 

Naylor ~ p.T. 

Nazareth. p.b. 

Neapolls p.T. 

NeaTo tp. 

Nobo ......p.T. 

Nebo p.T. 

Nebraska. p-^P' 

Nebraska. p.T. 

Nebraska. tp. 

Nebraska  City p.T. 

Necedah tp. 

Nocedah p.T. 

Nederland p.T. 

Needham P-tp. 

Neeley .tp. 

Neel  Road t. 

Neely's  Landlng....p.b 

NeelyviUe p.T, 

Neenab c. 

Keenah tp. 

Noetsville p.b, 

Neff's  Siding h. 

Negaunee c. 

Negaunee ' ..tp. 

Ncill's  Creek tp. 

Ncillsville p.v, 

Noilltown. V. 

Nekimi p.tp. 

Nokoma p.v. 

Neligb p.T. 

Nelliston .....t. 

Nelson tp. 

Nelson p.b. 

Nelson p.tp. 

Nelson.. tp. 

Nelson tp. 

Nelson p.T. 

Nelson  * p.tp. 

Nelson tp. 

Nelson p.T. 

Nelson  *. p.tp. 

Nelson p.tp. 

Nelson p.tp. 

Nelsonville v. 

Nelsoiiville p.T. 

Nelsonville p.b. 

Nemaha tp. 

Nemaha  City p.T. 

Neodeslia tp. 

Neodesha p.T. 

Ncoga p.tp. 

Neola tp. 

Neola p.T. 

Neosho tp. 

Neosho tp. 

Neosho tp. 

Neosho tp. 

Neosho tp. 

Neosho p.T. 

Neosho p.v. 

Neosho  Falls tp. 

Neosho  Falls p.v. 

Neosho  Rnpids p.h. 

Nepaug p.h. 

Nepeuskun p.tp. 

Nephi T. 

Neponsct .tp. 

Neponset p.v. 

Neptune p.tp. 

Neptune p.T. 

Nesbitt p.T. 

Nescopeck tp, 

Nescopeck p.T, 

Neshanic p.v. 

Nesbannock tp. 

Nesbkoro p.tp. 

Nesquehoning p.v, 

Ness  City .p.b. 

Nessel tp. 

Neater tp. 


Connty. 


SUte. 


Sacramento.. 

Mason 

Alleghany 

St.  Lawrence 

New  Haven......... 

Hancock 

Shawano , 

Stark _ , 

Monmouth , 

Grimes 

Baldwin 

Lowndes 

Northampton..... 

Lucaa 

Darke 

Pike , 

Hopkins 

Livingston 

JenuiugB 

Pago 

Otoe , 

Juneau.. 

Juneau 

Boulder 

Norfolk 

Butler 

Alleghany 

Citpe  Girardeau,. 

Morgan 

Winnebago 

Winnebago 

Adair 

Belmont 

Marquette 

Marquette 

Harnett 

Clark 

Forest 

Winnebago 

Henry 

Antelope 

Montgomery 

Lee 

Lee 

Cloud 

Kent 

Watonwan 

Nuckolls , 

Cheshire 

Madison , 

Madison... 

Portage , 

Tioga 

Buffalo 

Putnam 

Alliens.. 

Portage 

Nemaha 

Nemaha , 

Wilson 

Wilson 

Cumberland , 

Pottawattamie..., 
Pottawattamie..., 

Cherokee , 

Coffey , 

Labette 

Morris 

Newton 

Newton 

Dodge 

Woodson 

Woodson 

Lyon 

Litchfield 

Winnebago 

.luab 

Bureau 

Bureau 

Monmouth 

Mercer 

DeSoto 

Luzerne 

Luzerne 

Somerset 

Lawrence 

Marquette. , 

Carbon 

Ne.ss 

Chisago 

Roscommon 


187a     1880. 


Cal 

Ill 

Pa. 

N.  Y„ 
Conn.... 

Ill 

Wis 

Ohio 

N.  J 

Tex ,.,., 
Ala . — 

Ga. 

Pa 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ill 

Ky 

HI 

Ind 

Iowa.,.. 

Neb 

Wis. 

Wis 

Col 

Mass.... 

Mo 

Pa. 

Mo 

Ill 

Wig 

Wis 

Ky 

Ohio 

Mich.... 
Mich... 

N.  C 

Wig, 

Pa 

Wig 

Ill 

Neb 

N,Y 

Ill 

Ill 

Kan 

Mich.... 
Minn... 
Neb._„. 
N.H.... 
N,  Y.... 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Pa 

WU 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Wis 

Knn 

Neb 

Kan 

Kan. 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan  .... 

Kan 

Kan 

Mo 

Mo 

Wis 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Conn.... 

Wis 

Utah.... 

Ill 

Ill 

N.  J 

Ohio 

Miss 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  J._... 

Pa 

Wis 

Pa 

Kan 

Minn  ... 
Mich.... 


t  In  1873,  part  to  Richmond. 
350 


*  In  1870,  part  to  HarrisviUo, 


*  In  1874,  part  to  GarrettsvUlo. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  KETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Notawaka P.tP- 

Nether  Providetice.p.tp. 

Nettle  Creek p.tp. 

Neuchatel p.tp. 

Neuse  Biver tp. 

I  Nevada tp. 

t  Nevada p.tp. 

I  Nevada P-h. 

i  Nevada tp. 

Nevada tp. 

j  Nevada p.v. 

Nevada ptp. 

)  Nevada p.v. 

I  Nevada tp. 

Nevada p.v. 

!  Nevada h. 

)  Nevada p.v. 

I  Nevada  City c. 

i  Nevadaville v. 

i  Neversink p.tp. 

I  Neville p.v. 

I  Neville tp. 

I  Nevins p.h. 

Novins tp. 

!  Nevlaville p.v. 

I  New  Albany c. 

(  Now  Albany tp. 

I  New  Albany tp. 

I  New  Albany p.v. 

I  New  Albany .p.v. 

I  New  Albany v. 

New  Albany p.b. 

I  NewAlbin p.v. 

!  New  Albion tp. 

:  New  Albion p.v. 

i  New  AIexander.....p.h. 
I  New  Alexandria  ...p.v. 
I  New  Alexandria  ...p.b. 

i  New  Almadon p.v. 

!  New  Alsaco  p.v. 

i  New  Amsterdam. ..p.v. 
I  New  Am9tordam...p.h. 

New  Antiuch p.v. 

1  Newark p.v. 

I  Newark p.v. 

!  Newark p.v. 

■  Newark p.v. 

j  Newark p.tp. 

1  Newark tp. 

I  Newark p.v. 

:  Newark p.tp. 

:  Newark p.v. 

:  Newark c. 

I  Newark p.v. 

I  Newark o. 

I  Newark tp. 

j  Newark p.tp. 

I  Newark p.b. 

I  Newark tp. 

I  Newark  Valley p.tp. 

I  New  Asliford p.tp. 

I  New  Athens p.v,' 

!  New  Athens p.v. 

I  New  Athens p.h. 

I  Now  Auburn tp. 

I  New  Auburn p.v. 

1  New  Augusta p.v. 

i  New  Avon p.tp. 

(  Newaygo p.v. 

i  New  Ifciltimore p.v. 

:  New  Bjiltimore p.tp. 

I  New  Baltimore p.v. 

j  New  Baltimore p.b. 

I  New  Baltimore p.h. 

j  New  Bedford p.h. 

I  Now  Bedford c. 

t  New  Bedford p.v. 

!  New  Bedford p.v. 

New  Bellsville p.b. 

!  New  Berlin p.h. 

I  New  Berlin v. 

I  New  Berlin tp. 

!  New  Berlin p.v. 

»  New  Berlin tp. 

(  New  Berlin p.v. 

New  Berlin p.T. 

f  New  Berlin v. 

New  Berlin b. 

New  Berlin p.tp. 

Newbern p.v 

Newborn p.T 


County. 


Jackson 

Delaware 

Grundy 

Nemaha 

Wake , 

Nevada. 

Livingston 

Tipton 

Palo  Alto 

Story 

Story 

Ness , 

Mercer 

Mower 

Vernon 

Madison 

Wyandot 

Nevada 

Gilpin 

Sullivan 

Clermont 

Alleghany 

Edgar 

Vigo 

Adams 

Floyd 

Floyd 

Story 

Wilson 

Union 

Franklin 

Bradford 

Allamakee 

Cattaraugus 

Cattaraugus 

Columbiana 

Jefferson 

Westmoreland... 
Santa  Clara. ».... 

Dearborn 

Harrison 

La  Crosse 

Clinton 

Alameda 

New  Castle 

Kendall 

Greene 

Webster 

Wilson 

Worcester 

Gratiot 

Knox 

Essex 

Wayne 

Licking 

Licking 

Caledonia 

Wirt 

Bock 

Tioga 

Borksliire. 

St.  Clair 

Harrison 

Clarion 

Sibley „„  — 

Sibley „ 

Marion 

Bedwood.......... 

Newaygo 

Macomb 

Greene 

Stark 

Somerset 

Fauquier 

Bureau 

Bristol 

Coshocton 

Lawrence 

Brown 

Duval 

Bond 

Sangamon 

Sangamon 

Chenango 

Chenango 

Stark 

Berks 

Union 

Waukesha 

Hale 

Bartholomew.... 


State. 


Kan 

Pa„ 

Ill 

Kan 

N.  0 

Cal , 

111 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Kan.... 

Ky 

Minn.. 

Mo 

Mon_.. 
Ohio.... 

Cal 

Col 

N.  Y_.. 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

Ill 

lud 

Iowa... 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa..., 
Kan.... 
Miss.... 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

Iowa... 
N.  Y.... 
N.  Y.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 

Pa. 

Cal 

Ind 

Ind 

Wi8.„.. 
Ohio.... 

Cal 

Del , 

111 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Kan .... 

Md 

Mich... 

Mo 

N.  J_.. 
N.Y.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 

Vt- 

W.Ya. 

Wis 

N.  Y 

Mass 

111-.. 

Ohio. 

Pa.... 

Minn... 

Minn ... 

Ind.... 

Minn. 

Mich.., 

Mich.. 

N.  Y... 

Ohio... 

Pa 

Va 

Ill 

Mass.., 
Ohio... 

Pa 

Ind...., 
Flu.... 

Ill 

111 

Ill , 

N.  Y... 
N.  Y..., 
Ohio„., 

Pa. , 

Pa 

Wis.-., 

Ala 

Ind...., 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


1,448 
916 


3,986 

877 


142 

1,611 

982 


14 

637 


2,458 
422 
289 


1,299 


15,396 
2,297 
1,003 


1,487 


167 
305 


1,006 

354 

105,059 

2,248 

6,698 

919 

693 


1,074 

2,321 

208 


354 


703 


2,617 


21,320 


2,460 


646 
1,809 


758 

1,726 

902 

524 

1,409 

5,506 

1,127 

56 

170 

2,357 

1,541 

184 

131 

877 

1,913 

50 

1,036 

4,022 

1,084 

2,152 

445 

306 

31 

1,579 

129 

16,423 

2,559 

1,042 

232 

250 

213 

222 

423 

1,732 

104 

80 

175 

335 

1,268 

273 

186 

75 

180 

179 

1,148 

442 

145 

253 

824 

142 

1,645 

304 

136,508 

2,450 

9,600 

1,013 

679 

87 

1,130 

2,577 

203 

603 

378 

35 

670 

204 

187 

140 

1,097 

1,024 

2,620 

164 

150 

88 

65 

26,845 

134 

213 

38 

96 

166 

962 

403 

2,572 

937 

297 

209 

605 

1,620 

454 

179 


Flaca. 


Newbern p.v. 

Newbern p.tp, 

Newbern p.v. 

Newbern p.v. 

New  Berne c. 

Newberry p.v. 

Newberry tp, 

Newberry tp, 

Newberry tp, 

Newberry  0.  H p.v. 

Nowberrytown p.v. 

New  Bethel tp. 

New  Bethlehem... .p.b. 
New  Birmingham. V. 
New  Bloomfield....p.v, 
New  Bloomington.h, 
New  Bloomington.p.T, 

New  Boston p,v. 

New  Boston tp. 

New  Boston p.v. 

New  Boston p.v. 

New  Boston tp. 

New  Boston p.v. 

New  Boston h. 

New  Boston v. 

New  Bourbon h. 

New  Braiutree p.tp. 

New  Braunfols p.v. 

New  Bremen .p.tp 

New  Bremen p.v. 

New  Brighton p.v. 

New  Brighton p.b. 

New  Britain c. 

New  Britain tp. 

New  Britain v. 

New  Britain „..tp. 


...p.v. 
...p.h. 
..p.v. 
..p.h. 


New  Britain 

New  Britton 

New  Brooklyn.. 
New  Brunswick 
New  Brunswick 

New  Buda tp. 

New  Buena  Vista  -p.v. 

New  Buffalo p.h. 

New  Buffalo tp. 

New  Buffalo p.v. 

New  Buffalo p.b. 

Newburg p.h. 

Newburg -h, 

Newburg -tp, 

Newburg -v. 

Newburg -p.v, 

Newburg .p.h, 

Newburg tp, 

Newburg p.tp. 

Newburg tp, 

Newburg p.v, 

Newburg Ji, 

Newburg tp. 

Newburg p.h. 

Newburg b. 

Newburg c, 

Newburg tp, 

Newburg  >- -p.tp. 

Newburg -b, 

Newburg. p.b. 

Newburg.,- v, 

Newburg p.v, 

Newburg p.v. 

New  Burlington....p.v. 

New  Burnside p.v. 

Newbury tp. 

Newbury tp. 

Newbury p.v. 

Newbury p.tp, 

Newbury p.tp. 

Newbury tp. 

Newbury tp. 

Newbury p,v. 

Newbury  Old  Town.v. 

Newburyport -c. 

New  Cadiz -h. 

New  California p.v. 

New  California b. 

New  Cambria. p.h. 

New  Cambria. p.v. 

New  Canaan tp. 

New  Canaan p.v. 

New  Canada tp. 

New  Canton p.v. 

New  Carlisle .p.v. 


Oonnty. 


Marion.- 

Dickinson- 

Dyer 

Pulaski 

Craven 

Greene 

Miami 

York 

Newberry 

Newberry 

York 

Bockingham .,, 

Clarion 

Guernsey........ 

Callaway 

Maries 

Marion,..,- 

Windham 

Mercer,- 

Mercer 

Wayne 

Hillsborough-, 
Hillsborough,., 

Highland 

Schuylkill 

St.  Genevieve... 

Worcester 

Comal 

Lewis 

Auglaize 

Bichmoud 

Beaver 

Hartford 

Hartford 

Volusia.- 

Bucks 

Bucks 

Hamilton- , 

Middlesex- 

Boone 

Middlesex 

Decatur- 

Bedford- , 

Cass 

Berrien— >., 

Berrien- 

Peny- 

Izard , 

Macon 

Pike 

Clay 

Warrick 

Jasper - 

Mitchell 

Penobscot- 

Cass 

Cass 

Tuscola- 

Fillmore 

Fillmore 

Laclede-,,....... 

Orange 

Orange 

Cuyahoga- 

Clearfield 

Cumberland..... 

Fayette™ 

Preston 

Washington..,. 

Clinton ....... 

Johnson 

Lagrange„ 

Wabaunsee 

Wabaunsee 

Essex 

Merrimac- 

Geauga 

Orange.- 

Orange. 

Essex  - ... 

Essex  - -. 

Hocking ......... 

Union 

Grant- 

Saline 

Macon 

Fairfield 

Fairfield 

Bamsey 

Pike _ 

St.  Joseph....... 


Stat«, 


Iowa,, 
Kan- 
Tenn 

Va 

N.  C„, 
Ind.,, 
Ohio- 
Pa..... 
S.O... 

s.  c„. 

Pa 

N.  C- 
Pa-.„ 
Ohio. 
Mo„. 
Mo... 
Ohio- 
Conn. 

Ill 

Ill 

Mich. 
N.  H„ 
N.H. 
Ohio- 
Pa 

Mo.... 
Mass  ..- 
Tex.-,,, 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

N.  Y-,.. 

Pa- 

Conn.-. 
Conn.... 

Fla 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Ind 

N.  J 

Ind 

N.  J-,.. 
Iowa,.,. 

Pa 

Dakota, 
Mich..., 
Mich.... 

Pa 

Ark 

Ill- 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Me 

Mich..,. 
Mich.,., 
Mich,,., 
Minn  .„ 
Minn,.. 

Mo 

N.  Y-... 

N,  Y 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa 

W,  Va.. 

Wis 

Ohio-,.. 

Ill 

Ind 

Kan 

Kan 

Mass.,,, 
N.  H..„ 

Ohio 

Vt 

Vt 

Mass.... 

Mb8B..„ 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Wis. 

Kan  — 
Mo...,,,. 
Conn.,.. 
Conn  -. 
Minn ... 

Ill 

Ind 


Population. 


1870,      1880, 


5,849 


3,566 
2,412 
2,792 
1,891 


1,758 
779 


1,241 


640 
2,261 
1,908 

528 
7,495 
4,037 


9,480 


16,058 
647 


1,289 
683, 
259 


1,540 


1,464 


536 
1,115 
1,314 


1,047 


17,014 
3,541 
6,227 


1,159 

476 


1,430 
601 
861 

2,241 


12,696 


2,497 
""789 


110 
640 

606 

212 

6,443 

329 

4,616 

2,224 

4,482 

2,342 

165 

1,798 

773 

211 

100 

30 

271 

122 

1,520 

633 

284 

1,144 

257 

86 

138 

68 

610 

1,938 

2,414 

1,169 

32,679 

3,663 

11,800 

13,979 

100 

1,844 

119 

92 

193 

41 

17,166 

664 

121 

45 

1,191 

623 

222 

74 

63 

1,243 

206 

1,282 

40 

880 

1,057 

1,549 

118 

61 

1,094 

95 

44 

18,049 

3,918 

1,613 

184 

433 

145 

802 

252 

310 

660 

1,392 

920 

102 

1,666 

690 

889 

2,316 

394 

688 

13,538 

63 

152 

S2 

47 

275 

2,673 

903 

994 

424 

630 


1  In  1874,  part  to  aeveland. 


361 


i>OPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AKD  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  Of  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


nm»,   ■«^'- 


Ooaatjr. 


8UU. 


Kew  CaTlisU... p.T. 

New  Ciirli8le.........T. 

Kew  CarUUdt P-T. 

Kew  Camiol ..-t. 

Kew  Camel ....-p.T. 

Kewcaatlf p.v. 

Kew  CaMlo- hnd. 

Kew  Coatle- o. 

Kew  Caatle  _.....»..tp. 

Kew  Cuatle  > ....p.T. 

Kew  Cjutle  _ ....p.T. 

Kew  Castle- tp. 

Kew  C4UtIe- ....p.T. 

Kew  Ca8tle_........p.h 

Kew  Castle- p.tp. 

Kew  Caxtle- p.tp. 

Kew  Castle- ....tp 

Kew  Castle  - p.tp. 

Kew  Castle- t. 

Kew  Castle  ..........h. 

Kew  Castle ..........e. 

Kew  Castle- -..tp. 

Kew  Castle t. 

Kew  Castle p.r. 

Kew  Centreville....b. 
New  Ceutreville....p.h. 
KewChnmborsburg.p.h, 

Kew  Chester p.T. 

Kew  Chester ....p.tp 

New  Chicago— p.T. 

New  City p.T. 

New  Columbia h. 

New  Colnmbia p.T. 

Kew  Columbus p.li. 

New  Columbus p.b, 

Newcomb .....tp. 

Newcomb p.tp. 

Newcomerstown  ...p.T. 
New  Couconl- p.T. 

New  Corner p.T. 

New  Cumberlaad...p.T. 
New  Cumberland.-p.b. 
Kew  CumberIand...p.T. 

New  Denmark tp. 

New  Derry p.T. 

New  Diggings tp. 

Kew  Diggings p.T. 

New  Douglas- tp. 

Kew  Donglas.- p.T. 

Kew  DoTer„.........p.T. 

Kew  Durham........tp. 

Kew  Durham. p.tp. 

New  Egypt— p.T, 

Newell - p.tp. 

Newell  - tp. 

Newell  - p.T. 

New  England p.h. 

New  Enterpri8e...-p.h. 

Kew  Era. p.h. 

New  Era p.h. 

Kew  Fairfield p.tp. 

Kewfane p.tp. 

Newfane tp. 

Kewfield p.tp. 

Kewfield. tp. 

Kewfleld— tp. 

Kewfield p.T. 

Kew  Florence p.T. 

Kew  Florence p.b. 

New  Franklin p.T. 

Kew  Franklin v. 

Kew  Freedom p.b. 

Kew  Freeport- p.h. 

Kew  Galilee p.b. 

New  Garden tp. 

New  Garden p.v. 

New  Garden p.tp, 

New  GeneTa p.T. 

Kew  Germantown.p.T. 

Kew  GUrus p.tp. 

New  GlasgowDepotp.T. 

New  Glouce8ter-...p.tp. 

Kew  Goshen p.v. 

New  Gottland p.tp. 

Kew  Grand  Chain..p.h, 

Kew  Grenada- p.b. 

Kew  Grouingen-...pJi, 

Kew  Ilagemown-.p.T. 

Kewhall ...p.h. 

Kew  IIambnrg......p.T. 

Mew  Hamburg p.T. 


Clark _..... 

Uolmec- 

Dorgen 

Hamilton- 

Fond  du  Lac... 

Placer 

Kew  Castle.... 
New  Castle.... 

Fulton 

Henry 

Uonry ».... 

Lincoln- 

Lincoln  - 

Gentry 

Rockiugham  . 
Westchester— 

Wilkes 

Coshocton-.... 

Lawrence 

Monroe- 

Lawrence-.... 

Schuylkill 

Schuylkill 

Craig. 

Somerset 

St.  Croix 

Columbiana  — 

Adams 

Adams 

Deer  liodge-.. 
Kockland— .... 

Atlantic 

Union 

Owen 

Luzerne 

Champaign.... 

Essex 

Tuscarawas.-. 
Muskingum-. 

Delaware 

Tuscarawas.-. 
Cumberland-. 

Hancock 

Brown 

Westmoreland—.. 

Lafayette- 

Lafayette— 

Madison 

Madison 

Union 

La  Porte 

Strafford 

Ocean 

Vermilion 

Buena  Vista-.... 
Buena  Vista-.... 

Wood- „ 

Bedford 

De  Kalb 

Oceana -. 

Fairfield 

Niagara- 

Windham  - ., 

York 

Ocmna 

Tompkins , 

Tompkins ., 

Montgomery...., 
Westmoreland . 

Stark , 

Franklin 

York 

Greene , 

Beaver 

Wayne 

Columbiana—.., 

Cli  ester 

Fayette 

Perry 

Oreen- , 

Anibcrst. 

Cumberland 

Vlpo „ 

McPberson 

Pulaski- 

Fulton , 

Ottawa 

Carroll 

Los  Angeles-... 

Scott 

Dutchess.......... 


Population. 


1870.     1880. 


Ohio-. 
Ohio-. 
N.J-. 
Ind... 
Wis-.. 
Cal .... 
Del.... 
Del.... 
Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Ky..... 
Me .... 
Ma..... 

Mo 

N.  H-, 
N.  Y-, 
N.C-, 
Ohio.. 
Ohio-, 
Ohio.. 

Pa. 

Pa-..., 
Pa-..., 
V».-., 

Pa. 

Wis-. 
Ohio- 
Pa...., 
Wis.-, 
Mon- 
N.  Y- 
N.  J.., 
Pa_... 
Ky.... 
Pa..... 

Ill , 

N.T- 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 
Ind.- 
Ohio- 
Pa 

W.  Va.- 

Wli 

Pa........ 

Wit 

Wis 

Ill 

Ill 

Ohio 

Ind 

N.  H.... 
N.  J-... 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
W.  Va... 

Pa  

Ind 

Mich.... 
Conn.... 

N.  y 

Vt- 

Me 

Mich..- 

N.Y 

N.  Y 

Mo 

Pa 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Ind 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa. 

P« 

WU 

Va 

Me. 

Ind 

Kan 

111 

Pa 

Mich..- 
Obio-... 

Cal 

Mo. 

N.  Y-... 


651 
S,C82 
1,916 
1.262 
1,556 

C70 
1,729 


667 
2,162 
1,120 
1,00S 


6,164 
2,229 


199 
196 


250 
897 
178 
791 
488 


1,794 


1,984 
973 


1,909 


870 
8,097 
1,113 
1,193 

265 
2,602 


241 
1,519 


1,790 


958 


1,496 


818 

114 

867 

166 

236 

162 

6,268 

8,700 

1,421 

2,299 

600 

1/04 

689 

42 

610 

2,297 

1,039 

885 

250 

60 

8,418 

1,512 

350 

182 

140 

75 

78 

129 

804 

127 

270 

96 

S19 

84 

267 

992 

237 

926 

614 

121 

163 

669 

1,218 

1,386 

184 

1,641 

294 

967 

400 

112 

2,011 

772 

632 

1,977 

760 

348 

96 

87 

20 

80 

791 

3,462 

l,o:u 

995 

496 

2,608 

419 

873 

631 

170 

122 

824 

99 

259 

1,443 

152 

1,942 

286 

105 

1,060 

142 

1,382 

180 

634 

88 

74 

46 

138 

61 

103 

601 


PlMa. 


Oonnty. 


New'  Hamburg p.T. 

New  Hampshire.... p.T. 

New  Hampton tp. 

New  Hampton p.T, 

New  Hampton p.tp, 

New  HanoTer -tp. 

New  HauoTor- p.tp. 

Now  Harmony p.T. 

New  Harmony p.h. 

New  Harmony p.h. 

New  Harrisburg...p.T. 

New  Harrison :b. 

New  Hartford tp. 

New'Hartford p.T, 

New  Hartford p.T, 

New  Hartford .p.T. 

New  Hartford p.tp. 

New  Harttord p.h. 

New  Hartford tp. 

New  Hartford p.T. 

New  HaTcn c. 

New  Hayen p.T. 

New  Haven p.b. 

New  Haven p.T. 

Kew  Haven tp. 

New  Haven p.v. 

New  Haven tp. 

Now  Haven tp. 

New  Haven p.v. 

New  Haven. M p.tp. 

New  Haven v. 

New  Haven tp. 

New  Haven p.v. 

New  Haven p.b. 

Now  Haven p.tp 

New  Haven p.v. 

New  Haven tp. 

New  Haven ' tp. 

New  Hebron p.v. 

New  Holland- p.v. 

New  Holland -p.h. 

New  Holland  - p.v. 

New  Holland- p.v. 

New  Holland  - v. 

New  Holstein p.tp. 

New  Home  - p.tp. 

New  Hope p.v. 

New  Hope tp. 

New  Hope p.v. 

New  Hope tp. 

New  Hope .p.tp. 

New  Hope tp. 

New  Hope....... tp. 

New  Hope tp. 

New  Hope t. 

New  Hope v. 

New  Hope p.b. 

New  Hope tp. 

New  Hope p.T. 

New  Hope p.tp. 

New  Hudson p.tp. 

New  Iberia- p.T. 

Newington— p.tp. 

Newington p.tp. 

New  Ipswich p.tp. 

New  Jasper- p.tp, 

New  Jefierson t.. 

New  Jeni8alem-...h. 

New  Jerusalem p.h. 

New  Kingston p.T. 

Newkirk -li. 

New  KnoxTille-...p.T. 

New  Lancaster v. 

New  Lancaster p.h. 

New  Lancaster p.h. 

New  Lancoster h. 

Newland -tp. 

New  Lebanon p.b. 

New  Lebanon p.tp. 

New  Lebanon p.h. 

New  Lebanon p.b. 

Now  Lenox p.tp. 

New  Lexington t. 

New  Lexington v. 

New  Lexington p.v. 

New  Liberty v. 

New  Liberty p.h. 

New  Liberty p.T. 

New  Liberty h. 

New  Light p.tp. 

New  Limerick p.tp. 


Mercer 

Auglaize 

Chickasaw 

Chickasaw 

Belknap 

Burlington 

Montgomery  ... 

Posey- 

Pike 

Brown 

Carroll 

Darke 

Litchfield  - 

Litchfield 

Pike 

Butler 

Winona. -. 

Pike 

Oneida 

Oneida 

New  Haven  -.. 

Allen- 

Mitchell 

Nelson 

Gratiot 

Macomb 

Shiawassee 

Olmsted 

Franklin 

Oswego— 

Hamilton— 

Huron 

Huron 

Fayette , 

Addison 

Mason , 

Adams 

Dunn 

Crawford 

Logan 

Wabash ..., 

Pickaway  -...., 

Lancaster- 

York 

Calumet. 

Bates— 

Madison 

Union 

Nelson 

Chatham 

Iredell 

Perquimans—, 
Randolph...... 

Wayne 

Brown 

Preble 

Bucks 

Orangeburg—., 

Augusta 

Portage- 

Alleghany , 

Iberia 

Hartford 

Rockingham ., 
Hillsborough., 

Greene 

Harrison 

Lyon , 

Berks 

Cumberland-.. 

Schuylkill 

Auglaize 

Huntingdon  -. 

Tipton 

Miami 

Cumberland... 
Pasquotank .... 

Sullivan 

Columbia 

Montgomery.. 

Mercer 

Will 

Highlaud 

Preble 

Perry 

Jasper 

Pope - 

Oweni- 

Clinton- 

Wake- , 

Aroostook....... 


State. 


Pa 

Ohio 

Iowa... 
Iowa  — 
N.  H. .. 

N.J 

Pa. 

Ind 

Mo 

Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Conn... 
Conn... 

Ill 

Iowa... 
Minn  - 

Mo 

N.  Y-.. 
N.  Y„., 
Conn— 

Ind 

Iowa .., 

Ky 

Mich.., 
Mich.., 
Mich... 
Minn ., 

Mo 

N.  Y-.. 
Ohio..., 
Ohio..,, 
Ohio-., 

Pa. 

Vt 

W.Va. 
Wig.... 
Wis.... 

HI 

Ill 

Ind.... 
Ohio-. 

Pa. 

Pa 

Wis.... 

Mo 

Ala 

Iowa.. 

Ky 

N.  0-.. 
N.C-. 
N.  0.-. 
N.C-. 
N.  0„. 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 

Pa 

S.C... 

Va 

Wis.... 
N.  Y... 

La 

Conn.. 
N.  H. . 
N.H.. 
Ohio-. 
Ohio... 
Nev.-. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Ohio-. 
Ind.... 
Ind... 
Kan- 

Pa 

N.  C.-. 
Ind.... 
N.  Y-. 
Ohio-. 

Pa 

Ill 

Ohio-. 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 

HI 

Ill 

Ky 

Pa 

N.  C... 
Me 


352 


^  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced. 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  KETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Kewlia tp. 

Newlin tp. 

Now  Lisbon p.v. 

New  Lisbon tp. 

New  Lisbon p.tp. 

,  New  Lisbon p.v. 

j  New  Lisbon p.v. 

I  New  London p.h. 

I  New  London o. 

j  New  London p.v. 

I  New  London tp. 

New  Loudon p.v. 

I  New  London p.h. 

!  New  London tp. 

j  New  London p.h. 

I  New  London p.v. 

I  New  London p.tp. 

New  London p.v. 

1  New  London v. 

1  New  London tp. 

I  New  London p.v. 

I  New  London p.tp. 

New  London v. 

{  New  London c. 

I  Now  Lothrop p.h. 

j  New  Lots tp. 

j  New  Luxemburg.. .V. 

1  New  Lyme p.tp. 

I  New  Lj'me tp. 

i  New  Madison p.v. 

I  New  Madrid tp. 

i  New  Madrid p.v. 

{  Newman tp. 

t  Newman p.v. 

j  New  Manor v. 

j  Newmanstowu p.v, 

I  New  Marl^et p.v. 

I  Now  Market p.v. 

New  Marlcet p.h. 

New  Market v. 

New  Market p.v. 

I  New  Market p.tp. 

I  New  Market p.v. 

;  Now  Market p.tp. 

!  New  Market p.v. 

j  New  Market p.tp. 

iNow  Market tp. 
New  Market p.v. 
New  Market v. 
,  New  Market p.v. 

j  New  Market p.v. 

Now  Marlborough.p.tp. 
1  New  Martinsburg..p.v. 
!  New  Martinsville  ..p.v. 
I  New  Matiimora8....p.v. 

i  New  Maysville p.v. 

j  New  Mayville p.v. 

I  New  Medina h. 

1  New  Mello p.v. 

j  New  Memphis p.v. 

i  New  Middleton p.v. 

I  New  Middlotown...p.v. 
t  New  Middletown...p.v. 

1  New  Milford tp. 

f  New  Milford p.v. 

(  New  Milford tp. 

i  New  Milford p.v. 

New  Milford p.h. 

New  Milford tp. 

I  New  Milford p.b. 

I  New  Millport p.v. 

I  New  Minden p.v, 

j  New  Monmouth. ...p.h. 
)  New  Mt.  Plea8ant..p.v. 
j  New  Mt.  Pleasant..h. 
i  New  Munster p.h. 

Newnan p.v. 

I  New  Oregon tp. 

New  Orleans c. 

1  New  Oxford p.b. 

[  New  Palestine v. 

'  New  Palestine p.h. 

;  New  Paltz tp. 

I  New  Paltz p.v. 

I  New  Paris p.v. 

New  Paris p.v, 

I  New  Paris p.v, 

!  New  Petersburg... .h. 
'  New  Petersburg... .p.v. 
1  New  I'lnlrtdelphia-.p.v, 

■  New  Philttdelphia.b. 

New  Pittsburg p.h. 

New  Pittsburg p.v. 


Ooanty. 


Alamance 

Chester- 

Henry 

Stoddard  

Otsego 

Columbiana.... 

Juneau 

Union 

New  London ., 

Howard 

Henry 

Henry 

Frederick 

Kandiyohi 

Kandiyohi 

Ralls 

Merrimoc 

Oneida 

Butler 

Huron 

Huron 

Chester 

Campbell 

Waupaca 

Shiawassee 

Kings 

St.  Louis 

Ashtabula 

Monroe 

Darke 

New  Madrid... 
Now  Madrid... 

Douglas 

Douglas 

Lancaster 

Lebanon  

Madison 

Montgomery .. 

Marion 

Baltimore 

Frederick 

Scott 

Platte 

Bockingham... 

Middlesex 

Randolph 

Highland 

Highland 

York 

Jefferson 

Shenandoah.... 

Berkshire 

Fayette 

Wetzel 

Washington.... 

Putnam 

Clarion 

Columbia 

St.  Charles,,,., 

Clinton 

Smith 

Harrison 

Mahoning 

Litchfield 

Litchfield 

Winnebago 

Winnebago..... 

Orange 

Susquehanna.. 
Susquehanna.. 

Clearfield 

Washington.... 

Monmouth 

Jay 

Vinton 

Kenosha 

Coweta 

Howard 

Orleans 

Adams 

Hancock 

Cooper 

Ulster 

Ulster 

Elkhart 

Preble 

Bedford 

Hopkins 

Highland , 

Tuscarawas...., 

Schuylkill 

Randolph 

Crawford 


SUte. 


N,  C-.. 

Pa 

Ind.... 

Mo 

N.  Y.... 
Ohio-.. 

Wis 

Ark 

Conn .. 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 

Md 

Minn.., 
Minn .. 

Mo 

N.  H... 
N.  Y.... 
Ohio... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

Va 

Wis 

Mich.,. 
N.  Y.... 

Mo 

Ohio.... 

Wis 

Ohio.... 

Mo 

Mo 

Ill 

Ill 

Pa 

Pa 

Ala 

Ind 

Ky 

Md 

Md 

Minn .. 

Mo 

N.  H.... 
N.  J .... 
N.  C... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

Tenn... 

Va 

Mass.... 
Ohio.... 
W.  Va. 
Ohio.... 

Ind 

Pa 

Pa- 

Mo 

Ill 

Tenn... 

Ind 

Ohio... 
Conn... 
Conn  .. 

Ill 

Ill 

N.  Y-.. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Ill 

N.J-.. 

Ind 

Ohio-.. 

Wis 

Ga 

Iowa... 

La. 

Pa. 

Ind 

Mo 

N.  Y-.. 
N.  Y-.. 

Ind 

Ohio-.. 

Pa 

Ky 

Ohio..,, 
Ohio-.. 

Pa. 

Ind 

Kan-.. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


862 
775 


1,182 
1,545 
1,569 
1,221 


9,576 


410 
959 


1,475 
678 
911 


9,SU0 
""708 


452 
2,861 

634 
1,077 


472 
'l,987 


1,297 
1,107 


600 
1,855 


260 
406 
109 


1,647 
.600 


1,917 

996 

191,418 


2,040 

""lis 


216 

S,14.S 

658 


1,167 
779 
187 

1,850 

1,569 

2,028 

1,024 

55 

10,637 

246 

1,735 
658 
97 
302 
65 
602 
875 
391 
281 

1,764 

1,011 
891 
198 

1,808 
92 
13,655 
158 
803 
140 
644 

3,702 
712 

2,140 
906 

1,213 
611 
144 
119 
74 
116 
402 
955 
156 

2,368 
593 

1,222 

1,080 
145 
287 
354 
662 

1,876 
158 
778 
631 
114 
107 
65 
264 
134 
257 
171 
190 

3,907 

1,416 

920 

199 

98 

1,466 
803 
117 
145 
73 
118 
44 
87 

2,006 

1,199 

216,090 

601 

,391 

35 

1,958 
493 
318 
835 
176 
39 
227 

3,070 

360 

78 

624 


Flac«. 


New  Point p.T. 

Now  Point p.h. 

Newport ....p.v. 

Newport p.v. 

Newport h. 

Newport tp. 

Newport p.v. 

Newport v. 

Newport tp. 

Newport c. 

Newport tp. 

Newport p.v. 

Newport p.v. 

Newport p.tp, 

Newport p.v. 

Newport p.tp. 

Newport tp. 

Newport ,..p.v. 

Newport p.v. 

Newport tp. 

Newport p.v. 

Newport tp. 

Newport p.v. 

Newport h. 

Newport v. 

Newport v. 

Newport v. 

Newport P-tp. 

Newport p.h, 

Newport v, 

Newport v. 

Newport tp, 

Newport h. 

Newport p.b. 

Newport b. 

Newport c. 

Newport p.v. 

Newport h, 

Newport tp. 

Newport p.V/ 

Newport v. 

Newport p.v. 

Newport h. 

Newport v. 

Newport V. 

Newport tp. 

New  Portage p.h. 

New  Portland p.tp. 

Newportville p.v. 

New  Posen tp. 

Now  Pottsville h. 

New  Prairie p.tp. 

New  Prospect h. 

Now  Providence  ...h. 
New  Providence...  .p.v. 
New  Providence.. ..p.v. 
New  Providence.. ..p.tp. 
New  Providence.. ..p.v. 
New  Providence....p.v. 

New  Reading v. 

New  Richland tp. 

New  Richland p.v. 

New  Richmond p.h. 

New  Richmond p.v. 

New  Richmond tp. 

New  Richmond p.v. 

New  Riegel p.v. 

New  Ringgold p.b. 

New  River tp. 

New  River. h. 

Now  River p.v. 

New  River  Depot...p.v. 

New  Rochelle p.tp. 

New  Rockhill v. 

New  Roe p.v. 

New  Ross p.v. 

New  Rumloy p.v. 

Newry p.tp. 

Newry -.p.tp, 

Newry p.b. 

New  Salem tp. 

New  Salem tp. 

New  Salem p.v. 

New  Salem tp. 

New  Salem p.h. 

New  Salem p.v. 

New  Salem v. 

New  Salem tp. 

New  Salem p.h. 

Now  Salem tp. 

Now  Salem p.v. 

New  Salem h. 

Now  Salem p.v. 


County. 


Decatur- 

Holt 

Jackson  

Now  Castle 

Wakulla 

Lake , 

Vermilion 

Wayne 

Johnson 

Campbell 

Penobscot 

Penobscot 

Monroe 

Washington-.. 

Attala 

Barton 

Sullivan 

Sullivan 

Cumberland.... 

Herkimer 

Herkimer 

Carteret 

Carteret 

Adams , 

Madison 

Shelby 

Tuscarawas 

Washington... 

Ronton 

Coos 

Lawrence 

Luzerne 

Northampton.. 

Perry 

York , 

Newport 

Cocke 

Jackson 

Orleans 

Orleans 

Augusta 

Giles 

Page 

Marion 

Wood..... 

Columbia- 

Summit 

Somerset 

Bucks 

Swift 

Schuylkill 

Pope 

Ocean 

Greene 

Clarke 

Hardin 

Union 

Lancaster- 

Montgomery .., 

Perry 

Waseca 

Waseca 

Montgomery .. 

Clermont 

St.  Croix 

St.  Croix 

Seneca 

Schuylkill 

Trinity 

Huron 

Scott 

Pulaski 

Westchester-.. 
Huntingdon. .. 

Allen 

Montgomery... 

Harrison , 

Oxford 

Freeborn 

Blair 

McDonough.... 

Pike 

Pike 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Albany 

Ontario 

Randolph 

Randolph 

Union 

Fairfield 

Armstrong 

Fayette 


State. 


Ind 

Mo 

Ark.»... 

Del 

Fla 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa..,. 

Ky 

Me 

Me 

Mich.,,, 
Minn ... 

Miss 

Mo 

N.  H.... 
N.  H.... 

N.J 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  0 

N.  0 — 

Ohio 

Ohio-.., 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Oregon, 
Oregon. 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

R.  I 

Tenn.... 
Tex.-.,. 

Vt 

Vt 

Va 

Va- 

Va 

W.  Va.. 
W.  Va.., 

Wis 

Ohio 

Me 

Pa 

Minn ... 

Pa. 

Minn ... 

N.J 

111 

Ind 

Iowa,... 

N.J 

Pa 

Tenn  ... 

Ohio 

Minn... 
Minn... 

Ind 

Ohio 

Wis 

Wis 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Cal 

Mich.,,. 
Tens  „, 

Va 

N.  Y 

Pa. 

Ky 

Ind 

Ohio 

Mo 

Minn... 

Pa 

Ill- 

Ill 

Ill 

Mass.... 
Mass.... 
N.  Y-... 

N,  Y 

N.  0 .... 
N.  0-.... 
N.  C-.... 
Ohio-... 

Pa. 

Pa. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


1,289 

398 

343 

814 

15,087 

1,669 


2,103 


1,954 
051 
968 
121 


2,002 


1,279 
"*945 


12,521 
281 


2,060 


1,702 


1,454 


2,516 
876 


3,916 


416 
696 


1,233 

1,418 

316 

987 


2,191 
177 


174 
81 

683 

635 

89 

1,231 

691 

471 

8.36 

20,433 

1,461 

648 

283 

342 

107 

618 

2,612 

1,342 

1,010 

1,953 

713 

1,027 

1G6 

50 

176 

248 

159 

2,548 

62 

110 

808 

1,531 

77 

1,390 

35 

16,693 

347 

67 

2,426 

920 

102 

202 

68 

113 

231 

1,620 

76 

1,271 

241 

865 

91 

217 

79 

72 

249 

146 

781 

113 

820 

118 

746 

804 

72 

2,545 

1,386 

729 

867 

100 

217 

98 

126 

192 

6,276 

200 

166 

317 

176 

837 

737 

326 

1,211 

1,7(H 

176 

869 

69 

175 

141 

930 

87 

2,611 

196 

80 

168 


853 


POPULATION  OF  TUE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  EBTURNS  OP  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Kenr  Snlem„....«M..b. 

New  8»len> b. 

New  Sitlem p.h. 

New  Siilom p.f. 

New  Saloiii  Coiitre.p.b. 

New  SuliHbiiry p.b. 

New  Snritn  K6 p.b. 

Now  Scotland p.tp, 

NewScottHville-...h. 

New  Sewickloy tp. 

New  SliHron „..p.T. 

New  Sharon tp. 

New  Sharon p.T. 

New  SheffloM ph. 

NewSliorohttm.„...tp. 

New  Site p.h. 

New  SmyniR p.v. 

New  Springfield. ..,p.T. 
New  Springville....p.T. 

Newgtead tp. 

New  Stralt8vilIe....p.T. 

Now  Stnuburg h. 

New  Sweden .».p.tp. 

New  Sweden tp. 

Newton p.v. 

Newton.„ p.T. 

Kewton. p.v. 

Newton _ tp. 

Nowton tp. 

Newton tp. 

Newton tp. 

Newton tp. 

Newton p.T. 

Newton tp. 

Newton p.T. 

Newton  >.. o. 

Newton tp. 

Newton v. 

Newton ^ tp. 

Nowton tp. 

Newton tp. 

Newton p.v. 

Newton. tp. 

Newton p.v. 

Newton tp. 

Newton p.v. 

Newton tp. 

Newton tp. 

Newton p.tp. 

Newton ....tp. 

Newton „ tp. 

Newton v. 

Newton tp. 

Newton.....^.. tp. 

Newton......« v. 

Newton « p.h. 

Newton p.v. 

Newton h. 

Newton » tp. 

Newton tp. 

Newton p.h. 

Newton  FalU_ p.v. 

Newton  Grove p.h. 

Newton  IIaiuiIton..p.b. 

Ncwtonia tp. 

Newtonia p.T. 

Newton  Jnnctlon„.p.v. 

Newtongville— p.v. 

Newtoiiville p.v. 

Newtown tp. 

Newtown p.v. 

Newtown tp. 

Newtown b. 

New  Town.« v. 

Newtown  » tp. 

Newtown p.v. 

Newtown p.v. 

Newtown.. p.b. 

Newtown tp. 

Newtown tp. 

Newtown h. 

Newtown v. 

Newtown v. 

New  Trenton p.v. 

New  Trenton_ v. 

New  Trier tp. 

New  Trier p.v. 

New  Tripoli .p.v. 

New  Troy._.~~.....p.v. 

New  Ulm p.v. 

New  Utrecht  ~......p.tp. 


CpoBlgr. 


Wcatmorelaad« 

York 

lluak ~... 

Ilarrlaon 

Franklin 

Ilarriion 

Jnckaon. 

Albany- 

Ueaver 

Beaver >..... 

Mahaska 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Beaver 

Newport 

Tallapooaa 

Volusia 

Mahoning 

Kichmoud- 

Erie 

Perry 

Fairfield 

Aroostook- 

Nicollet 

Dale 

Baker- 

Jasper 

AVbiteside- 

Jasper 

Buchanan- 

Carroll 

Jasper 

Jasper 

Harvey- 

Harvey 

Middlesex 

Calhoun 

Houghton 

Slackinac.. 

Shannon 

Taney 

Sussex 

Bockingham ... 
Bockingham ... 

Catawba 

Catawba 

Licking 

Miami 

Muskingum 

Pike 

Trumbull 

Union- 

Cumberland 

Lackawanna.... 

Lancaster- 

Newton 

Cache 

La  Crosse 

Manitowoc 

Marquette. 

Vernon 

Trumbull 

Sampson 

MifUin 

Nowton- 

Newton 

Bockingham ... 

Clermont 

Spencer- 

Fairfield 

Fairfield 

Livingston 

Vermilion- 

Eut-eka. 

Queens 

Queens 

Hamilton 

Bucks- 

Bucks 

Delaware 

Greene 

Schuylkill 

Frederick 

Franklin 

JefTerson 

Cook 

Dakota 

Lehigh , 

Berrien 

Brown 

Kings- _ 


SUte. 


Popalatlon. 


Pa. 

Pa. 

Tex 

W.  Va.. 
Mass-.. 

Ind 

Mo 

N.  y„.. 

Pft 

Pa 

Iowa... 

Me 

Me 

Pa 

K.  I 

Ala 

Fla 

Ohio.... 
N.  Y.... 
N.  Y.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio-.. 

Me 

Minn  ... 

Ala. 

Ga„. 

III-. 

111... 

Ind. 

luwa.... 

Iowa... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.. 

Kan... 

Kan... 

Mass.. 

Mich.... 

Mich... 

Mich... 

Mo , 

Mo , 

N.  J.-., 
N.  U-., 
N.  11-., 
N.  0-., 

N.C 

Ohio-.. 
Ohio..., 
Ohio-., 
Ohio-., 
Ohio..., 
Ohio-., 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa , 

Tex .... 
Utah.., 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis.-. 
Wis  .„. 
Ohio-., 
N.  0- ., 

Pa 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  U.. 
Ohio-., 

Ind 

Conn.. 
Conn.., 

Ill 

Ill , 

Nev.-. 
N.  Y„. 
N.  Y... 
Ohio-. 

Pa , 

Pa 

Pa , 

Pa 

Pa. 

Va 

Ind...., 
Ohio-. 

lU 

Minn. 

Pa 

Mich.. 
Minn. 
N.Y... 


448 


3,411 
1,002 
1,451 


1,113 


142 
'3^380 
44 

"568 


880 
468 
981 
400 
2,680 
1,983 


12,825 
975 


193 

603 

2,403 

856 


1,695 
323 
1,283 
2,241 
2,389 
1,138 
1,280 


2,345 
1,057 


1,992 
609 


350 
1,009 


3,681 


20,274 


859 
933 

748 


625 

ijios 


3,296 


440 
224 

86 
248 
78 
81 
42 

8,251 
62 

1,878 
806 

1,306 
£74 
74 

1,203 
72 
119 
234 
380 

8,670 

2,782 
36 
617 
776 
469 
167 

1,168 
891 
676 
876 
688 

3,228 

2,607 
728 

2,601 
16,995 
983 
282 
286 
261 
675 

2,613 

1,006 
266 

2,312 
683 

1,332 

2,829 

2,260 

1,-369 

1,.S68 
175 

1,843 

1,027 

170 

68 

301 

47 

1,867 
724 
41 
675 
61 
317 

1,612 
436 
449 
160 
151 

4,013 
263 

1,344 

50 

251 

9,804 
133 
424 

1,001 
970 
7U 
43 
385 
479 
128 
102 

2,223 
104 
130 
392 

2,471 

4,742 


New  Vernon p.v. 

Now  Vomon h. 


..p.tp, 
..p.h. 
..p.v. 
..p.v. 
.p.v. 


New  Vornon.., 
New  Vernon.. 
New  Vienna.. 
New  Village.., 

Newvllle 

Newville.- ip, 

Newville— p.v. 

Newville p.b. 

Newville v. 

New  Vineyard p.tp. 

New  Washlngton-.p.v. 
New  Washington...p.v. 
New  Wai)hlngton...p.b. 
New  Washington...!!. 

Now  Waterford p.v. 

New  Wovorly p.v. 

New  Waverly p.h. 

New  Wells p.h. 

New  Wilmlngton-.p.b. 
New  Winche8ter...p.v. 
New  Winchester-.p.h. 
New  Windgor...-...p.v. 

New  Windsor p.v. 

New  Windsor tp. 

New  Wine tp. 

New  Woodstock.. ..p.v. 

New  York tp. 

New  York tp. 

Now  York c. 

New  York p.h. 

N.  Y.  Lower  Mills.v. 
NovirYork  Mills.. ..p.tp, 
New  York  Mills.. ..p. v. 
N.  Y.  Upper  Mills.v. 
New  York  Works-.v. 

New  Zlon p.tp. 

Niagara tp. 

Niagara  Falls p.v. 

Niantic p.v. 

Niantic tp. 

Niantic p.v. 

Niantic p.v. 

Nicasio p.tp, 

Nicholasville p.v. 

Nichols p.tp. 

Nichols p.v, 

Nichols  Farms v. 

NtcholRon tp. 

Nicholson tp. 


....p.b. 
....p.v. 
....p.h. 
PV. 

....p.h. 

....p.v. 

....p.h. 


Nicholson 
Nichol  Station 
NIcholsville... 

Nicholvillo 

NickolsvIIIe.... 

Nlckorson 

Nicktown 

Nicodemus p.tp, 

Nicolaus tp. 

Nicolaus p.v. 

Nicollet tp. 

Nicollet p.h. 

Nidaros tp. 

Nietos V. 

Nile tp. 

Niles p.v. 

Niles - tp. 

Niles p.v. 

Nilos. tp. 

Niles tp. 

Niles p.h. 

Niles c. 

Niles tp. 

Niles p.tp, 

Niles p.v. 

Niles  Centre p.v. 

Nil  wood tp. 

Nil  wood p.v. 

Nimishillen tp. 

Nine  Mile  PtairieS.tp. 

Ninety-Six tp. 

Ninety-Six p.v. 

Nineveh tp. 

Nineveh p.tp. 

Nineveh tp. 

Nineveh p.h. 

Nineveh tp. 

Nineveh h. 

Nineveh p.h. 

Nininger p.tp. 


Ooanty. 


SUte. 


Morris- , 

Orange 

Morcor 

Mercer -. 

Clinton 

Warren 

Colnsa 

Do  Kalb 

De  Kalb 

Cumberland . 
Lancaster .... 
Franklin-.... 

Clarke 

Crawford-.... 

Clearfield 

Indiana 

Columbiana.. 


Walker 

Cape  Girardeau. 

Lawrence 

Hendricks 

Crawford 

Morcor - 

Carroll 

Orange 

Dubuque- 

Madison 

Yuba 

Caldwell 

New  York 

Henderson.- 

Oneida 

Otter  Tail 

Oneida. 

Oneida 

Saginaw 

Clarendon 

Niagara 

Niagara 

New  London-... 

Macon 

Macon 

Washington 

Marin 

Jessamine 

Tioga 

Marion 

Fairfield 

Fayette 

Wyoming 

Wyoming 

Muscatine 

Clermont 

St.  Lawrence 

Scott 

Bono 

Cambria 

Graham 

Sntter 

Suttor 

Nicollet 

Nicollet 

Otter  Tail 

San  Miguel 

Scioto 

Alameda.- 

Cook 

Cook 

Delaware 

Floyd 

Floyd 

Bcirien 

Berrien 

Cayuga 

Trumbull 

Cook 

Macoupin 

Macoupin 

Stark 

Callaway 

Abbeville 

Abbeville 

Bartholomew.... 

Johnson 

Adair. 

Adair 

Lincoln , 

Clermont 

Greene 

Dakota 


N.J-. 
N.  Y- 
Pa...... 

Pa 

Ohio 

N.  J 

Cul 

Ind 

Ind 

Pa 

Pa 

Mo 

Ind 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Ohio 

Ind 

Tex.-... 

Mo 

Pa 

Ind 

Ohio 

Ill 

Md 

N.  Y 

Iowa.... 

N.  Y 

Cal 

Mo 

N.  Y 

Tex. 

N.  Y 

Minn ... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y-... 
Mich.... 
S.O 

N.  y 

N.  Y 

Conn.... 

Ill 

Ill 

K.  I 

Cal 

Ky 

N.Y 

S.  C 

Conn  ... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Iowa.... 
Ohio-, 
N.  Y-. 

Va 

Kan- 

Pa , 

Kan- 
Cal...., 

Cal 

Minn... 
Minn.. 
Minn  .. 
N.  Mex 

Ohio 

Cal 

Ill 

Ill , 

Ind 

Iowa..., 

Iowa.... 

Mich..- 

Mich.... 

N.Y., 

Ohio., 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ohio- 
Mo.... 
8.  C... 
S.C... 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Mo.... 
Mo.... 
Mo.... 
Ohio., 

Pa 

Minn 


^  In  1875,  part  of  Bocton  annexed. 
854 


*  In  1870,  Including  Long  Island  City 


*  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  EETURNS  OP  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


IKlnneacah ~~.tp. 
Kionescob ......tp. 
Niobrara p.T. 

I  Ntota ~...v. 

Jfippenose p.tp. 

I  N'irvaua p.U. 

I  Nishnabatona tp., 

)  Nishnabatona p.h. 

i  NIshnabotaiiy tp. 

I  Niskayuna tp. 

i  Niskayuna p.b. 

j  Nlvervllle p.v. 

I  Nixon tp. 

I  Nixonton tp. 

i  Nixonton p.Ii. 

j  Noank p.v. 

Noble tp. 

Noble p.v. 

!  Noble tp. 

!  Noble tp. 

!  Noble tp. 

;  Noble tp. 

i  Noble tp. 

Noble tp. 

Noble tp. 

Noble tp. 

Noble tp. 

Noble tp. 

Noble tp. 

j  Noble tp. 

I  Noble tp. 

Noble tp. 

;  Noble tp. 

I  Noblcborough p.tp. 

Noblcstown p.v, 

Noblesville tp. 

NoblesTille p.v. 

Noblesville v. 

Nockamixon ~.p.tp, 

Nodaway tp. 

Nodaway v. 

Nodaway tp. 

Nodaway tp. 

Nodaway p.tp. 

Nodaway tp. 

Nodaway  i tp. 

Nokoniis „.tp, 

Nokomis p.v. 

Nokomis „.tp. 

NolensriUe p.v, 

Nora tp. 

Nora p.v. 

Nora p.tp, 

Nora  Springs —p.v. 

Noraville h. 

Norborne tp, 

Norborne p.v, 

Norcrogg p.v. 

Nordland „tp. 

Norfolk p.tp. 

Norfolk p.tp. 

Norfolk tp. 

Norfolk p.v. 

Norfolk p.tp, 

I  Norfolk c. 

I  Normal p.v, 

Normalville p.v, 

Norman tp, 

Norman tp, 

Norman tp. 

Normanda p.v, 

Normandy p.v. 

Normandy p.h 

Norman  ia tp. 

Norridgewock tp. 

Norridgewock p.v. 

iNorris p.v, 
Norris tp. 
Norris  City p.v, 
Norristown h. 

Norristown ,p.b. 

Norrisville p.v, 

Norriton™ tp, 

5  Norseville h, 

'"-'■  tp, 


North 

North 

North 

North 

I  North    ,,. 

I  North  Abington,„.p.v. 
'  North  Abington,...tp, 


County. 


..tp, 
•tp, 
..tp. 
tp. 


State, 


Popnlation, 


1870,      1880. 


Cowley 

Sodgwick 

Knox 

Hancock 

Lycoming 

Lake 

Atchison 

Atchison 

Crawford 

Schenectady,,. 
Sclionectady... 

Columbia. 

DeWitt 

Pasquotank  >, 
Pasquotank.,. 
New  London. 

Kicliland 

Bichland 

Cass 

Jay 

La  Porte 

Noble „ 

Rush.. 

Shelby 

Wabash ., 

Cass „. 

Dickinson^ 

Ellsworth 

Marshall 

Branch 

Auglaize 

Defiance 

Noble 

Lincoln 

Alleghany 

Hamilton 

Hamilton 

Noblo _ 

Bucks 

Adams 

Adams 

Page 

Taylor 

Andrew 

Nodaway 

Holt 

Montgomery 

Montgomery 

Buena  Vista 

Williamson^ 

Jo  Uavioss 

.To  Daviess 

Pope 

Floyd 

Richardson 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Gwinnett 

Lyon 

Litchfield 

Norfolk „ 

Renville 

Madison 

St.  Lawrence 

Norfolk 

McLean 

Cook 

Gnindy 

Yellow  Medicine, 

Dent 

Tipton  

St.  Louis 

Bedford 

Yellow  Medicine. 

Somerset 

Somerset 

Wayne 

Edgefield 

White 

Shelby 

Montgomery 

Harford 

Montgomery 

Caledonia 

Lake 

Marshall 

Labette  » 

Dade 

Harrison 

Plymouth 

Lackawanna 


Kan .... 
Kan .... 

Neb 

Ill 

Pa 

Mich... 

Mo 

Mo 

Iowa... 
N.  Y_„ 
N.  Y.„, 
N.  Y..., 

Ill 

N.  C... 
N.  C... 
Conn... 

Ill , 

111 , 

lud 

Ind 

Ind..,., 
Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Ind..,, 
Ind..,, 
Iowa,,. 
Kan„, 
Kan.,, 
Kan..., 
Mich, 
Ohio.,. 
Ohio... 
Ohio„, 

Me 

Pa 

Ind...,, 
Ind.,,. 
Ind.,,, 

Pa 

Iowa... 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Mo  ,„. 
Mo  „,. 
Mo ,.,. 
Ill-,,,, 

111 

Iowa,. 
Tenn,. 

Ill 

Ill 

Minn., 
Iowa. , 
Neb..... 
Mo  ,„. 
Mo ..., 

Ga 

Minn. 
Conn  , 
Mass,,. 
Minn,. 
Neb._„ 
N.  Y„. 

Va 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Minn. 
Mo .... 
Ind.... 
Mo  .,„ 
Tonn , 
Minn, 

Me 

Me 

Mich.. 
S.  0„„ 
Ill„..., 
Ind.,,, 

Pa 

Md  „„ 

Pa. 

Vt 

Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Kan ... 
Mo.„, 
Ohio... 
Mass.. 
Fa-.,.. 


6G7 
T,250 


1,105 


649 
1.626 


1,333 
380 
WH 
1,218 
1,008 
1,013 
1,203 
l,73;i 
7,3W} 


756 
1,159 

867 
1.121 
1,150 


3,568 
1,435 


1,528 
628 


2,150 

422 

2.363 


2,055 

2,738 

893 

278 


1,046 


1,641 
1,081 


2,441 
19,229 
1,116 


1.756 


1,485 


10,753 


1,335 


1,593 

1,484 

581 

726 
1,202 


577 

380 

475 

192 

656 

96 

1,158 

43 

304 

990 

73 

219 

896 

1,996 

67 

706 

1,667 

602 

953 

1,320 

1,154 

1,315 

1,136 

1,845 

7,609 

845 

653 

408 

620 

723 

1,303 

912 

1,420 

1,142 

299 

4,550 

2,221 

102 

1,554 

1,108 

108 

3,602 

878 

2,621 

2,055 

752 

2,043 

1,062 

1,081 

145 

1,007 

333 

309 

617 

93 

2,719 

602 

600 

343 

1,418 

930 

296 

647 

2,471 

21,966 

2,470 

352 

445 

340 

613 

114 

199 

76 

253 

1,491 

642 

147 

2,958 

400 

92 

13,063 

102 

1,368 

74 

2,540 

1,727 

895 

1,209 

1,410 

1,238 

1,071 


Placo. 


North  Adams p.tp. 

North  Adams .p.v. 

North  Alton p.v. 

North  Amherst p.v. 

Northampton tp. 

Northampton p.tp, 

Northampton tp, 

Northampton p.tp, 

Northampton tp, 

Northampton tp, 

Northampton tp. 

North  Andover p.tp. 

North  Annville tp. 

North  Anson p.v. 

North  Argyle ,..p.h. 

North  Baltimore  ...p.v. 

North  Beaver tp. 

North  Belle  Vernon..b. 

North  Bend tp. 

North  Bend p.v. 

North  Bend p.v. 

North  Bend h. 

North  Bend p.h. 

North  Bennington.p.v, 

North  Benton p.v. 

North  Bergen -tp. 

North  Bergen p.v. 

North  Berwick. ..-.p.tp. 
North  Blaii-sville...v. 
North  Bloomfield...p.v. 
North  Bloomfield..,p.v, 
North  Bloom  field—p.tp. 

Northborough tp. 

Northborough p.v. 

North  Branch p.tp. 

North  Branch p.tp. 

North  Branch p.h. 

North  Branch p.v. 

North  Branch p.h. 

North  Branch tp. 

North  BranchSta'n  .p.v. 

North  Branford p.tp. 

Northbridge p.tp 

North  Bridgeton  ...p.v. 
North  Bridgewater.p.h, 

Northbrook p.tp 

North  Brookfield...tp, 
North  BrookfieId,..p.v, 
North  Brookfield...p.v, 
North  Brownsville.v. 
North  Bninswick  ..tp. 

North  Buffalo p.tp. 

Nortli  Callanan..,.v. 
North  Cambridge...p.v, 

North  Canaan tp. 

North  Castle p.tp 

North  Centre -h. 

North  Charlestown.p.h 

North  Chatham p.v. 

North  Chatham p.v. 

North  Chester b. 

North  Chester p.v. 

North  Codorus tp. 

North  Cohocton p.v. 

North  Collins tp. 

North  Collins p.v. 

North  Columbia....p.v, 

North  Conway p.v. 

North  Cove p.tp. 

North  Coventry tp. 

North  Craftsbury-.p.v. 

North  Cuba p.h. 

North  Dana p.v. 

North  Dansville....tp. 

North  Danville p.h. 

North  Danville p,v. 

North  Darkesville.v. 

North  Dorset p.h. 

North  East tp. 

North  East, tp. 

Northeast tp. 

North  East -.p.v. 

North  East tp. 

North  East tp. 

North  East p.b. 

North  Elba p.tp. 

Northern tp. 

North  Evans p.v. 

North  Fairfield p.v. 

North  Falmouth  „.p.v. 
North  Fayette tp. 


County. 


Berkshire- 

Hillsdale 

Madison 

Lorain 

Kooks 

Hampshire 

Burlington 

Fulton 

Summit 

Bucks 

Somerset 

Essex 

Lebanon 

Somerset 

Washington 

Wood 

Lawrence 

Westmoreland , 

Starke 

Dodge 

Hamilton  - 

Coos 

Jackson 

Bennington.-.., 

Mahoning. 

Hudson 

Genesee. 

York 

Indiana 

Nevada. 

Ontario 

Morrow 

Worcester 

Worcester. 

Lapeer 

Isanti -„. 

Hillsborough... 

Somerset 

Sullivan 

Wyoming 

Chisago 

New  Haven  -,.. 

Worcester 

Cumberland 

Oneida 

Lincoln 

Worcester 

Worcester 

Madison 

Linn 

Middlesex 

Armstrong 

Hamilton 

Middlesex 

Litchfield 

Westchester, 

Ashtabula 

Sullivan 

Barnstable , 

Columbia. 

Delaware- » 

Windsor 

York 

Steuben 

Erie 

Erie , 

Nevada, 

Carroll , 

McDowell 

Chester 

Orleans.- , 

Alleghany 

Worcester 

Livingston - 

Caledonia  _ « 

Pittsylvania-.... 

Berkeley 

Bennington-,,, 

Yuba. 

Adams 

Orange 

Cecil 

Dutchess 

Erie 

Erie 

Essex 

Franklin 

Erie 

Huron > 

Barnstable 

Alleghany........ 


State. 


Mass  ,.„ 
Mich.... 

Ill 

Ohio..... 

Kan 

Mass..... 

N.  J 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Pa 

l*a 

Mass..,,, 

Pa 

Mo 

N.  Y-,., 
Ohio-,,, 

Pa. , 

Pa. 

Ind 

Neb 

Ohio ..., 
Oregon 
Wis.-... 

Vt 

Ohio-.. 

N.  J 

N.  Y„., 

Me 

Pa 

Cal 

N.  Y_.. 

Ohio-,, 

Mass.,, 

Mass,,. 

Midi.,., 

Minn 

N.  H- 

N.J-. 

N,  Y„ 

Pa 

Minn 

Conn, 

Mass- 

Me...,. 

N.  Y- 

N.C-. 

Mass- 

Mass- 

N.Y-, 

Oregon. 

N.J_. 

Pa 

Iowa.. 
Mass-, 
Conn..,, 
N,  Y-„ 
Ohio-,. 
N.  H„,. 
Mass.,,. 
N,  Y-., 

Pa 

Vt 

Pa 

N.  Y-,. 
N,  Y„„ 
N,  Y-.. 

Cal 

N.  H... 
N,  0-„ 

Pa. 

Vt 

N.  Y-,. 
Mass... 
N.  Y.,.. 

Vt, 

Va 

W,Va. 

Vt 

Cal 

HI 

Ind 

Md ...., 
N,  Y..„ 

Pa 

Pa 

N,  Y-„ 

111- 

N.  Y-,. 
Ohio.... 
Mass... 
Pa- 


Population. 


1870,      1880. 


10,160 
4,018 
1,927 
982 
1,896 
1,13 
2,549 
1,910 


1,983 
"605 


138 
3,032 


1,623 


1,194 
1,504 


762 
224 


1,036 
3,774 


625 
3,343 


1,124 
1,057 


1,095 
1,996 


2,476 

'i'fiii 


874 
1,251 


4,016 


363 

1,621 

930 

748 

2,179 

2,213 

900 

349 

988 

160 


10,191 
433 
838 

1,643 

646 

12,172 

4,6:i0 

2,009 
977 

1,768 
842 

3,217 

2,134 

4C4 

95 

701 

1,984 
208 
691 
415 
412 
84 
60 
714 
131 

4,268 
139 

1,801 
100 
724 
142 

1,227 

1,676 
608 

1,656 
707 
68 
120 
97 
400 
142 

1,026 

4,a'>3 
273 
62 

1,401 

4,459 

3,427 
ISO 
307 

1,261 

1,218 
169 

6,756 

1,537 

1,818 
48 
44 
160 
163 

1,381 
156 

2,560 
268 

1,856 
421 
290 
653 
990 

1,441 
142 
60 
272 

4,178 
83 

1,200 
189 
83 
244 

1,45.3 
997 
98« 

2,181 

2,152 

1,398 
480 

1,256 
149 
477 
108 

2,24a 


1  In  1874,  parts  to  Hickory  and  Forbeg. 


356 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PUe*. 


Oonnty. 


North  Ferriibarg>.p.T. 

Korthfleld ...^p.T. 

Morthfleld tp. 

Nortliflold p.h. 

Nortlifield p.tp. 

Korthdeld p.tp. 

Korthftflid tp. 

Nortlifield tp. 

Morthfleld p.r. 

Korthfleld p.tp, 

Mortlifiold tp. 

Morthfleld „....t. 

Morthfleld tp. 

Morthfleld p.r. 

Korthfleld tp. 

Korthfleld p.r. 

Korthfleld p.tp. 

Korthfleld  Centrcv. 

Korthford p.T. 

Morth  Fork tp. 

Morth  Fork tp. 

Morth  Fork p.tp. 

North  Fork tp. 

Korth  Fork p.tp. 

Korth  Freedom p.v. 

Korth  GreeubuHh...tp. 
North  Greeu&eld...p.h. 

Korth  Grote p.v. 

Korth  Hampton. ...p.tp. 

Korth  Hampton p.v. 

North  Harpersfleld.p.h 
Korth  Hartland...~p.v. 

Korth  Haven „p.tp. 

Korth  Haven- p.tp 

Korth  Haven  „ v. 

Korth  Hebron p.h. 

North  Hector p.v. 

North  Heidelberg..]).tp. 
Korth  llemp8tead..tp. 
Korth  HenderaoQ...p.tp. 
Korth  Hender8on...p.v. 

North  Hero tp. 

Korth  Hero p.tp. 

Korth  Hoosick p.v. 

Korth  HoutzdaIe...v. 

North  Hudson p.tp. 

North  Hudson p.v. 

North  Huntington.tp. 
North  Hyde  PHrk...p.v, 
Korth  Indu8try.j....p.v. 
Korth  Jackson.... 

Korth  Java 

North  Jay 

North  Judson , 

North  Kidder. tp 

Korth  King8town..tp. 

Korth  Lake p.h. 

Korth  Lawrence  ...p.v. 
Korth  Lawrence  ...p.v. 

Korth  Lebanon. tp. 

North  Liberty p.v. 

North  Liberty v. 

North  Liberty p.v. 

North  Lima p.v. 

Korth  Litchfield...  tp. 
Korth  Londonderry. V. 

Korth  Loup p.h. 

Korth  MacGregor..p.v. 

North  Madison p.v. 

North  Mahoning...tp. 
North  llanche8ter..p.v. 
North  Manheim....tp. 

North  Hanltou isl. 

Nortli  Middleton...tp. 
Morth  Sliddletown.p.v. 
North  Munroerille  p.v. 
North  MoutpeIier..]>.)i, 
North  Moreland....tp. 

Kortli  Muddy tp. 

North  Murderklll..hnd, 

North  Natick_ v. 

Korth  Newberg p.v. 

Korth  New  Ca«tle..p.v. 

Korth  Newport p.h. 

Korth  New  Portland. p.v. 

Korth  Norwich tp. 

Korth  Norwich p.v. 

Nortli  Oak  HIU,...i. 

Korth  Okaw tp. 

Korth  Orange .p.h, 

North  Otter. tp. 


.p.v. 
..p.v. 
,.p.h, 
.p.v. 


Addlaon. 

Litchfield  - 

Cook 

Dei  Moines 

WashingtoD,...., 

Franklin 

Washtenaw...... 

Bice 

Bice 

Merrimao 

Richmond.. 

Bichmond. 

Summit 

Sumoilt 

Washington-..., 

Washington 

Jackson , 

Washington-..., 
New  Haven.-... 

Trinity 

Delaware 

Stearns , 

Barton 

Ashe 

Armstrong 

Ueusselaer, 

Logan 

Miami 

Rockingham ,.. 

Clark 

Delaware. 

Windsor 

New  Haven.-.,, 

Knox- 

Sufi'olk 

Washington 

Schuyler 

Berks 

Queens 

Mercer— 

Mercer 

Redwood 

Grand  Isle 

Rensselaer 

Clearfield 

Essex 

St.  Croix 

Westmoreland.. 

Lamoille 

Stark 

Mahoning 

Wyoming- 

Franklin 

Starke 

Carbon 

Washington 

Waukesha 

St.  Lawrence .., 

Stark 

Lebanon 

St.  Joseph 

Adams 

Knox 

Mahoning. 

Montgomery..,, 

Windham , 

Valley  . , 

Clayton- 

Jefferson 

Indiana. 

Wabash 

Schuylkill , 

Manitou 

Cumberland..... 

Bourbon 

Erie 

Washington 

Wyoming. , 

Jasper 

Kent 

Middlesex 

Shiawassee 

Lincoln- 

Sullivan 

Somerset 

Chenango- , 

Chenango , 

Schuylkill , 

Coles 

Franklin 

Macoupin  - , 


State. 


Vt 

Conn,,.. 

Ill 

Iowa,,,, 
Me 

MM8„,. 

Mioh,,- 
Minn ... 
Minn ... 

N.  H 

N.  Y-,., 

N,  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 

Vt. 

Vt 

Wis 

Vt 

Conn.... 

Cal 

Iowa,... 
Minn  „. 

Mo 

N.C 

Pa 

N.  Y-„, 
Ohio-,,. 

Ind 

N.  H 

Ohio 

N.  Y.,.., 

Vt 

Conn,.,, 

Me 

N,  Y 

N.  Y„,. 

N,  Y 

Pa 

N.  Y„.. 

Ill 

Ill 

Minn .. 

Vt 

N.  Y..„ 

Pa. 

N.  Y-.. 

Wis 

Pa. 

Vt 

Ohio- 
Ohio-,, 
N,  Y.... 

Me 

Ind 

Pa 

R.I 

Wis 

N.  Y„.. 
Ohio.,,, 

Pa 

Ind 

Ohio- 
Ohio-,. 
Ohio.,,. 

Ill 

Vt 

Neb 

Iowa.,, 

Ind 

Pa. 

Ind 

Pa 

Mich... 

Pa. 

Ky 

Ohio.,,. 

Vt 

Pa 

Ill 

Del 

Masa,,, 
Mich,.. 

Me 

N.  H„,. 

Me 

N,  Y-„ 
N,  Y-.. 

Pa 

Ill 

Masi... 
Ill 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


1,706 


190 
1,720 
1,300 
2,278 


6,919 


1,009 


8,410 


499 


461 
912 
280 
644 
961 


3,068 


723 


1,771 
806 


979 
6,640 
1,062 


738 


3,493 


3,668 


2,203 
223 


1,263 


2,420 


1,223 
320 


831 

867 

3,631 


1,076 


1,711 


208 
246 

1,807 

09 

193 

1,603 

1,273 

3,150 

2,200 

918 

7,014 

130 

1,076 

119 

2,836 

1,313 

1,176 

161 

610 

606 

866 

470 

766 

1,239 

144 

4,131 

39 

2:« 

774 

173 

67 

207 

1,763 

766 

100 

66 

211 

960 

7,660 

1,138 

176 

196 

6;n 

239 

2,037 

093 

199 

6,341 

226 

122 

200 

206 

28 

165 

661 

3,949 

54 

466 

494 

2,660 

346 

259 

133 

256 

951 

139 

74 

619 

802 

1,317 

1,585 

2,607 

73 

1,115 

377 

121 

83 

892 

1,254 

4,078 

182 

171 

150 

97 

263 

964 

164 

86 

1,721 

91 

1,087 


PbM*. 


Connty. 


State. 


North  Owego- h. 

North  Palmyra. tp. 

North  Paris p.h. 

North  Pumia -.p.v, 

Korth  PoterBborg..p.v. 
North  Phar8alia....p.b, 
North  Pine  Gruve-v, 

North  Pitcher p.v. 

North  Plaiiifield....tp. 

Nortli  Plains tp. 

North  Platte p.r. 

Northixjrt p.v. 

Northi>ort p.tp. 

North  iKjrt p.v. 

North|K)rt p.v, 

Nortlijwrt p.r. 

North  Pownal p.r. 

North  Providence  Up, 
North  Randolph... .p.h. 

Noi'th  Rending p.tp, 

Nortli  Richmond... p.v. 

North  Robinson p.v. 

North  Rose p.v. 

North  Salem p.v. 

North  Salem tp. 

North  Salem p,h. 

North  Salem p.v. 

North  Salem p.tp, 

North  Sandwich. ...p.v. 
North  Sandwich..,.p.h. 

North  San  Juan p.v. 

North  Saugus v. 

North  Scituate p.v. 

North  Sewickiey...p.tp. 

North  Shade tp. 

North  Shapleigh...p.v, 
North  Sheuango  ,..tp. 

North  Side v. 

North  Smithfield...tp, 
North  Springfield..p.v, 

North  Star p.tp. 

North  Star.- tp. 

North  Stnr p.h. 

North  Stonington..p.tp. 
North  Stoughton...p.v, 

North  Strabane tp. 

North  Stratford-„,v. 

North  Sutton p.h. 

North  Tarrytown...p.v, 

North  Thetford p.h. 

Nortli  Toledo v. 

North  Tonawanda..v, 

North  Towanda tp. 

North  Towanda v. 

North  Troy p.r. 

North  Tuubridge-.p.b, 

North  Turner p.v. 

Northumberland. ..p.tp 
Northumberland. ..p.tp. 
Northumberland. ..p.b. 

North  Union tp. 

North  Union tp. 

North  Uniontown..p.h, 
North  Vassal boroV.p.v. 

North  Vernon p.v. 

North  Versailles  ...tp. 

North  Victory p,h. 

North  ville p.tp. 

North  Wile v. 

North  ville p.r, 

Northville r. 

North  ville p.r, 

Northville v. 

North  Wales p,b. 

North  Walpole p.r. 

North  Warren p.r. 

North  Washington.p.r. 
North  Wasliington.v, 
North  Wnterford  ...p.h. 

North  Wayne p.v. 

North  Weare,- p.v. 

Northwest tp. 

North  West h. 

North  West* tp. 

North  West p.tp. 

North  Western p.v. 

North  West  rork...hnd. 
North  Whitehall  a.tp. 
North  Windham....p.v. 

North  wood tp. 

North  wood p.v. 


Tioga 

Macoupin- 

Oxford 

Monroe- 

Ruusaolaer 

Chenango 

Schuylkill 

Chenango 

Somerset 

Ionia. 

Lincoln 

Tuscaloosa 

Waldo , 

Leelenaw , 

Sufi'olk , 

Wanpaca 

Bennington , 

Providence , 

Orange - 

Middlesex 

Cheshire 

Crawford 

Wayne 

Hendricks 

Linn 

Linn 

Rockingham 

Westchester. 

Barnstable 

Carroll 

Nevada 

B:s8ex 

Plymouth 

Reaver „. 

Gratiot- 

York 

Crawford 

Saratoga 

Providence 

Greene 

Gratiot 

Brown 

Darke 

New  London 

Norfolk 

Washington 

Coos 

Merrimao  - 

Westchester 

Orange 

Lucas 

Niagara 

Bradford 

Bradford 

Orleans 

Orange 

Androscoggin 

Coos 

Saratoga 

Nortliumberland 

Fayette 

Schuylkill 

Highland 

Kennebec- 

Jennings 

Alleghany 

Cayuga- 

La  Salle 

Plymouth 

Wayne 

Cayuga. 

Fulton 

Suffolk 

Montgomery 

Cheshire 

Warren- 

Hardin 

Butler 

Oxford 

Kennebec 

Hillsborough 

Orange--. 

Suffolk 

Bninswick 

Williams 

Oneida 

Sussex 

Lehigh 

Cumberland 

Worth 

Worth 


N.Y. 
III-.. 
Bio.. 
N.Y 

N.Y 

N,  Y 

Pa 

N,  Y 

N,  J 

Mich..., 

Neb 

Ala 

Me 

Mich,... 

N,  Y 

Wis 

Vt 

B.L,,,- 

Vt 

Mass.,,, 
N.  H,.„ 

Ohio 

N.  Y-„, 

Ind 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  H 

N,  Y 

Mass  ..„ 

N.  H 

Cal 

Mass.... 
Mass..- 

Pa 

Mich..., 

Me 

Pa, 

N,  y„... 

B.  I 

Mo 

Mich.... 
Minn ... 

Ohio 

Conn,,.. 
Mass-,,. 

Pa. 

N.  IL.„. 
N,  II-„. 

N,  Y 

Vt 

Ohio 

N.  Y-.,. 

Pa- 

Pa 

Vt 

Vt 

Me 

N.  II 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Oliio 

Me 

Ind 

Pa. 

N,  Y 

HI 

Mass.... 
Mich..,, 

N,  y 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Pa 

N.  IL.... 

Pa 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Me 

Me 

N.  H 

Ind 

N.  Y 

N.  C 

Ohio 

N,  Y 

Del 

Pa 

Me 

Iowa.... 
Iowa,,,. 


I  In  1874,  parts  to  Providence  and  Pawtucket. 
356 


*  Since  1879,  area  reduced. 


» In  1870,  including  Coplay. 


I 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF   THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETUENS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPAEED. 


Placo. 


Northwood -tp- 

North  \Vooclbury...T. 

Nortli  Woodbury ...tp. 
jNorth  Woodstock  ..p.T. 

North  Yam  IIill....p.v. 
jNortU  Yarmouth. ..p.tp. 
.Norton tp. 

Norton tp. 

Norton ?■▼• 

Norton P-tP- 

Norton tp. 

'Norton tp. 

Norton ~ p.T. 

Norton tp. 

INorton tp. 

^Norton  Hill p.h. 

jNortonville p.v. 

iNortonviUe p.h. 

iNorrell tp. 

iNonrell p.v. 

Norwalk tp. 

Norwalfci p.b. 

iNorwalk p.h. 

j  Norwalk tp. 

1  Norwalk -c. 

iNorwalk tp. 

.Norwalk p.T. 

■Norway p.T. 

i  Norway ▼. 

iNorway tp. 

■Norway tp. 

(Norway tp. 

i  Norway p.tp. 

iNortvay tp. 

iNorway p.T. 

I  Norway tp. 

Norway tp. 

Norway p.v. 

Norway tp. 

Norway  UilU p.h. 

JNoi^ray  Lake p.tp. 

[Norwegian tp. 

[Norwegian  Grove  ..p.tp. 

'Norwich tp. 

I  Norwich c. 

■  Norwich tp. 

Norwich p.tp. 

I  Norwich -.tp. 

i  Norwich tp. 

iNorwich p.v, 

'Norwich p.tp. 

'Norwich tp. 

j  Norwich v. 

■  Norwood p.tp. 

i  Norwood p.tp. 

I  Norwood p.v. 

Norwood p.v. 

[Norwood V. 

■  Norwood  Park p.tp. 

iNotasulga p.v. 

Nottawa tp. 

INottawa p.tp. 

I  Nottingham ..p.tp. 

Nottingham p.v. 

I  Nottingham p.tp. 

I  Nottingham tp. 

i  Nottingham p.h. 

i  Nottingham tp. 

iNottla p.tp. 

(Nottoway  0. 11 p.v. 

I  Nova  Scotia v. 

!  Novato tp. 

j  Novelty p.v. 

I  Novesta p.tp. 

iNovI tp. 

I  NoTi p.T. 

i  Kovinger....... p.h. 

f  Noyack t. 

j  Noyes tp. 

r  Nueces p.v. 

5  Mama p.T. 

I  Nnnda „.tp. 

j  Nunda „.p.T. 

•  Nuiida tp. 

( Nnnda „.tp, 

|i  Nvnda p.T. 

I  Nnnda  Station v, 

( Knnica p.T. 

jNutbush tp. 

i  Nottallburg p.T. 

'Hyack p.T. 


County. 


Bocklngham 

Morrow 

Blair 

Windham 

Yam  Hill 

Cumberland 

Kankakee 

Jefferson 

Norton ».. 

Bristol 

Muskegon 

Winona 

Delaware 

Summit 

£s8ex 

Greene 

Jefferson 

Hopkins 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Fairfield 

Fairfield 

Putnam 

Pottawattamie.... 

Huron 

Huron 

Monroe 

La  Salle 

White 

Humboldt 

Winnebago 

Wright.^ 

Bepublic 

Oxford 

Oxford 

Fillmore 

Herkimer..., 

Herkimer 

Racine 

Bosque 

Kandiyohi 

Schuylkill 

Otter  Tail 

New  Loudon 

New  London 

Newaygo 

Chenango 

Franklin 

Huron 

Muskingum 

McKean 

Windsor 

VTindsor 

Norfolk 

Charlevoix 

Carver 

St.  Lawrence 

Delaware 

Cook 

Macon 

Isabella 

St.  Joseph 

Wells 

Prince  George's... 
liockingham . 

Harrison 

Chester- 

Washington... 

Cherokee 

Nottoway 

Ingham- 

Marin 

Knox 

Tuscola 

Oakland 

Oakland 

Adair...- 

Suffolk 

Clinton 

Nueces 

Appanoose 

McHenry 

McHenry 

Freeborn 

Livingston.... 
Livingston .... 
Livingston .... 

Ottawa 

Yance..» 

Fayette 

Bockland 


State. 


N.  II.... 

Ohio 

Pa 

Conn..., 
Oregon. 

Me 

Ill 

Kan-... 

Kan 

Mass .... 
Mich.... 
Minn... 

Oliio 

Ohio 

Vt 

N.  Y 

Kan 

Ky 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Conn.... 
Conn.... 

Fla 

Iowa.... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Wis 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kau 

Me 

Me 

Minn.,, 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Wis 

Tex 

Minn ... 

Pa 

Minn... 
Conn..,, 
Conn.... 
Mich.... 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Vt 

Vt 

Mass.... 
Mich.... 
Minn  ... 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Ill 

Ala 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Ind 

Md 

N.  H.... 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa 

N.  0 

Va 

Mich..., 

Cal 

Mo 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Mo 

N.Y-... 

Pa 

Tex 

Iowa.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Minn... 
N.  Y-. 
N.  Y... 
N.Y-. 
Mich.. 
N.  C... 
W.Va 
N.Y-. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


1,430 
"*953 


940 
1,180 


1,821 
688 
640 


1,821 
303 


12,119 


4,498 
1,254 


1,380 
1,117 


1,040 


1,390 
16,653 


5,601 
1,632 
1,172 


257 
1,639 


1.1 
1,432 


1,130 
921 


924 
940 


105 
1,351 


1,548 


675 
2,686 
1,189 


2,430 


1,345 
123 

1,695 
153 
129 
827 

1,541 

1,376 
634 

1,732 
556 
827 
IH 

2,066 
239 
85 
350 
49 
908 
137 
13,956 

5,308 

91 

613 

6,704 

1,374 
281 
130 
•124 
512 
959 
77 
492 

2,519 

1,467 

1,105 

1,045 
140 
981 
42 
492 
932 
559 
21,143 
15,112 
637 

5,756 

1,690 

1,157 
265 
431 

1,471 
276 

2,345 
306 
338 

1,221 
194 

1,675 
236 
293 

1,916 

2,057 
102 

1,095 
964 
62 
868 

1,216 
173 
116 
471 
138 
390 

1,278 
168 
32 
227 
696 
145 
122 

1,721 
388 
776 

2,790 

1,037 
419 
297 

3,072 
277 

3,881 


Place, 


Oak tp. 

Oak tp. 

Oak tp. 

Oak.Bluff p.T 

Oak  Bowery v. 

Oak  Creek p.tp. 

Oakdale p.v. 

Oakdale p.T. 

Oakdale tp, 

Oakdale p.T. 

Oakdale p.tp, 

Oakdale p.v. 

Oakdale p.tp, 

Oakdale  Station  ....p.T, 
Oakdale  Station. ...p.T, 

Oakfield tp. 

Oakfield p.h. 

Oakfield p.tp. 

Oakfield tp. 

Oakfield p.tp, 

Oakfield t. 

Oakfield tp. 

Oakfield p.T. 

Oakford p.v. 

Oak  Grove p.h. 

Oak  Grove tp. 

Oak  Grove v. 

Oak  Grove p.h. 

Oak  Grove p.tp. 

Oak  Grove p.v. 

Oak  Grove tp. 

Oak  Grove tp. 

Oak  Grove tp. 

Oak  Grove p.h. 

Oak  Grove tp. 

Oakham tp. 

Oakham p.v. 

Oak  Harbor p.v. 

Oak  Hill p.h. 

Oak  Hill p.tp. 

Oak  Hill p.T. 

Oak  Hill p.tp. 

Oak  Hill p.T. 

Oak  Hill T. 

Oakington h. 

Oak  Lake tp. 

Oakland c. 

Oakland tp. 

Oakland v. 

Oakland p.T. 

Oakland tp. 

Oakland tp. 

Oakland h. 

Oakland tp. 

Oakland tp. 

Oakland tp. 

Oakland p.T. 

Oakland tp. 

Oakland p.tp. 

Oakland p.v. 

Oakland p.v. 

Oakland tp. 

Oakland p.b. 

Oakland v. 

Oakland p.T. 

Oakland tp. 

Oakland tp. 

Oakland tp. 

Oakland t. 

Oakland p.h. 

Oakland p.v. 

Oakland p.tp. 

Oakland  City p.T. 

Oakland  Station. ...p.T, 

Oaklandvale v. 

Oak  Lawn p.T. 

Oaklawn tp. 

Oak  Level p.h. 

Oakley tp, 

Oakley p.v, 

Oakley p.v, 

Oakley .p.T, 

Oak  Mills p.h. 

Oak  Orchard p.h. 

Oak  Park p.T. 

Oak  Park T. 

Oak  Ridge p.T, 

Oak  Ridge ph. 

Oak  Ridge p.tp. 

Oak  Run -tp. 

Oaksville » p.T. 


County. 


Mills 

Smith- 

Steams-. 

Clay 

Chambers 

Milwaukee 

Stanislaus 

Washington 

Howard 

Worcester 

Washington 

Antelope 

Monroe 

Suffolk 

Alleghany 

Audubon 

Audubon 

Aroostook 

Kent.- 

Genesee 

Perry 

Foud  du  Lac 

Fond  du  Lac 

Menard 

McLean 

Benton 

Bristol 

Livingston 

Anoka 

Jackson 

Oregon 

Wake 

Dodge 

Dodge 

Pierce 

Worcester 

Worcester 

Ottawa 

Volusia 

Crawford 

Greene 

Granville 

Jackson- 

Lincoln- 

Harford 

Becker 

Alameda 

Alameda 

Duval 

Coles 

Schuyler 

Franklin 

Henry 

Louisa 

Clay 

Cloud 

Garrett 

Oakland 

Freeborn 

Yalabusha 

Burt , 

Chatham 

Clinton 

Fairfield , 

Douglas. , 

Butler 

Susquehanna 

Venango 

Providence 

Fayette 

Colorado , 

Jefferson 

Gibson 

Warren- 

Essex 

Providence 

Greenville 

Marshall 

Macon , 

Macon 

Saginaw 

Hamilton 

Atchison , 

Orleans. 

Cook 

Washington , 

Cape  Girardeau.. 

Montgomery 

Guilford 

Madison 

Otsego ~. 


State. 


Iowa.... 

Kan 

Minn ... 

Ark 

Ala 

Wis-.... 

Cal 

HI 

Iowa. ... 
Mass. ... 
Minn... 

Neb 

Wis 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Me 

Mich ... 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Wis 

Wis.-... 

HI 

Ill 

Ind 

Mass.... 
Mich ... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  C 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Mass.... 
Mass.... 

Ohio 

Fla 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Tenn..- 

Md 

Minn... 

Cal 

Cal 

Fla, 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa. ... 
Kan-... 
Kan  -... 

Md 

Mich.... 
Minn... 
Miss.... 
Neb.-... 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Oregon. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

R.I 

Tenn  ... 

Tex 

Wis 

Ind 

Ky 

Mass.... 

B.I 

S.  C-.... 

Ky 

Ill 

Ill 

Mich.,., 

Ohio 

Kan 

N.  Y 

Ill- 

Minn... 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.  C 

Ohio 

N,Y-... 


Population. 


748 
'478 


1,959 


669 
1,092 
1,471 


1,361 


1,239 


1,081 
2,075 
2,105 


707 
"2)183 


10,600 
604 


1,026 
319 


1,086 
412 


1,593 
""l62 


926 
1,106 
1,082 


1,071 


1,137 


1,022 
456 


1,031 

1,673 
682 
161 
120 

2,097 
376 
131 
447 

1,228 
841 
3.38 

7ai 

187 
607 
536 
88 
636 

1,112 

1,495 
130 

1,304 
315 
164 
4S 

1,434 

118 

81 

305 

208 

1,303 

2,891 

2,227 
91 
973 
869 
115 
987 
85 

1,103 
151 

2,341 

646 

119 

86 

410 

34,655 

5,778 
419 
727 

1,261 
654 
61 
503 
565 
475 
910 

1,041 
629 
283 
345 

1,837 
68 
139 
369 

1,039 

1,415 

1,214 
175 
66 
167 

l,0i3 
731 
130 
128 
130 

1,681 
60 

1,045 
100 
298 
2U0 
81 
62 

1,888 
159 
180 
34 
931 
613 
141 


1  ExcluiiTe  of  South  Norwalk. 


857 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PlMW. 


Oaktown p.T. 

Oak  Valley .......tp. 

Oak  Valley -^-v. 

OakTille ~. p.l>. 

OakTille p.v. 

OakTille p.T. 

Oakwood^ p.h. 

Oakvroixl tp. 


....p.h. 

tp. 

.....p  h. 

p.h. 

.~..p.tp 

T. 

P'P 

?.▼. 

.....r. 

PtP 

.....p.v. 
..p.h. 


Oakwood 
Oak  wood 
Oakwood 
Oakwood 

Oa«U 

Oaaia  «... 
OberIln-.....~~. 

Oberlln- 

Oberlin 

Obomiun:Uo..... 
Oblong  _.....>.... 

OcaU > 

Occidental 

Occoneecheo tp, 

Occoquan.. p.T. 

Occum ▼. 

Ocean tp. 

Ocean m p.v. 

Ocean ....tp. 

Ocean tp. 

Oceana ~p.T. 

Ocean  City p.h. 

Ocean  Orore p.v. 

Ocean  Point- v. 

Ocean  Port~ p.v. 

Ocean  Springs ..p.r. 

Oceanviile p.r. 

Oceola tp. 

Oceola p.v. 

Ocheyedan P-tp. 

Ochlochnee p.v. 

Ocona  Lufty p.tp. 

Oconee  „ tp. 

Oconee p.T. 

Oconomowoc ....c. 

Ocouomowoc ....tp. 

Ocouto c. 

Oconto tp. 

Ocracoke p.tp. 

Oddville p.h. 

Odebolt p.v. 

Odell tp. 

Odel! .,..- „..p.T. 

Odell p.h, 

Odessa p.v. 

Odessa tp. 

Odessa p.tp. 

Odessa p.T. 

Odessa p.T. 

Odin tp. 

Odin p.T. 

Odin „ p.tp, 

Oelwein p.T, 

O'Fallon 

O'Falloa  Depot. 

Offerle 

Ogalalla , 

Ogallah -..., 

Ogden 

Ogden 

Ogden 

Ogden 

Ogden 

Ogden 

Ogden 

Ogden 

Ogden  City c, 

Ogden  Mine „..t. 

Ogdensburg„ p.T. 

Ogdensbnrg c. 

Ogema p.T. 

Ogemaw tp. 

Ogemaw  Springs  ...p.T. 

Oglethorpe p.T. 

OMIara. tp. 

O'Hara.- t. 

Ohio tp. 

Ohio p.T, 

Ohio « tp. 

Ohio ~ tp. 

Ohio tp. 

Ohio „..tp. 

Ohio p.tp. 


..p.T. 

..p.T. 

.p.h. 

..p.T. 

..p.tp. 

,.tp. 

..p.T, 

,.p.T. 

..p.T, 

..p.tp. 

..p.tp. 

..p.tp. 

..p.h. 


Ooanty. 


Knox- 

Otter  TaiL. 

Providence , 

Uonroei- 

CamberlaDd 

Live  Oak- 

Ilrookings. 

Vcrniiltun- 

Vermilion , 

Wabasha 

I*anlding 

Leon- 

Johnson 

Waushara. 

Fulton 

Decatur. , 

Lorain 

Ellis 

Crawford 

Marion - 

Sonoma 

Northampton 

Prince  William. 

New  Loudon 

Sonomii 

Alleghany 

Monmouth 

Ocean 

Wyoming 

Worcester 

Monmouth 

Queens 

Monmouth 

Jackson 

Atlantic 

Livingston 

Crawford 

Osceola 

Thomas- 

Swain 

Shelby 

Shelby 

Waukesha 

Waukesha 

Oconto 

Oconto 

Hyde 

Harrison 

Sac 

Livingston 

Livingston 

Tippecanoe 

New  Castle 

Ionia 

Big  Stone 

Lafayette.- 

Schuyler 

Marion 

Marion 

Watonwan 

Fayette 

St.  Charles 

St.  Clair- 

Edwards 

Keith 

Trego- 

Champaign 

Champaign...... 

Henry 

lioone 

Kiley 

Lenawee 

Monroe- 

Clinton.- 

Weber 

Sussex 

Snssex 

St.  Lawrence 

Price 

Ogemaw 

Ogemaw , 

Macon 

Alleghany 

Indiana 

BureanA 

Bureau 

Bartholomew.... 

Crawford 

Spencer. , 

Warrick 

Madison 


State. 


Ina 

Minn... 

B.  I 

Mich.... 

I'a 

Tox 

Dak..... 

Ill 

Ill 

Minn .., 

Ohio 

Tex 

Iowa.... 

Wis , 

111 

Kan 

Ohio 

Kan 

Ill , 

Fla 

Cal 

N.C.-.. 

Va 

Conn.... 

Cal , 

Md. 

N.  J 

N.  J 

W.  Va.. 

Md 

N.  J 

N.  Y.... 

N.  J 

Miss-.. 

N.  J 

Mich... 
Ohio.... 
Iowa.... 

6a. 

N.  0.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Wis 

Wis.-.. 
Wis.-.. 

Wis 

N.  0.... 

Ky 

Iowa... 

HI 

HI 

Ind 

Del 

Mich... 
Minn... 

Mo 

N.Y— 

III 

HI 

Minn.. 
Iowa... 

Mo 

Ill 

Kan„.. 

Neb 

Kan  -.. 

Ill 

HI 

Ind 

Iowa. .. 
Kan-.. 
Mich... 
N.Y-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Utah... 

N.J 

N.J 

N.  Y„.. 

Wis 

Mich... 
Mich... 

Ga 

Pa- 

Pa 

HI 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.., 


Population. 


1870.     1880, 


2^64 
'"740 


1,490 
600 


1,044 

228 


6,189 


1,012 


1,668 


1,408 

1,523 

2,655 

623 

368 


1,455 
739 


695 
959 


1,268 


630 
1,615 
2,874 


3,127 
10,076 


400 


1,137 


747 
1,078 
3,843 
3,290 

705 


266 

20'i 
100 
33 
100 
235 
60 

2,669 
99 
068 
23 
96 
16 
628 
128 

1,190 

3,242 
108 

1,885 
803 
07 

2,440 
306 
667 
675 
126 

6,037 
484 
107 
49 
620 
282 
384 
849 
168 

1,022 
279 
215 
117 
867 

1,699 
269 

2,174 

1,336 

4,171 

893 

400 

80 

637 

2,004 
9U8 
64 
676 

1,699 
185 
100 
230 

2,042 
724 
600 
397 
295 
923 
39 
114 
483 

1,311 
2:^9 
208 
608 
828 

2,038 

2,907 
47 

6,069 
280 
662 
10,341 
140 
301 
108 
442 

2,498 
135 

1,314 
385 
880 

1,079 

6,846 

3,413 
879 


Place. 


Connty. 


Ohio tp. 

Ohio „ tp. 

Ohio tp. 


.tp. 

..tp. 

.tp, 

.p.tp, 

,.tp. 

.tp. 

.tp. 

.tp. 


Ohio. 
Ohio 
Ohio 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 
Ohio- 
Ohio tp 

Ohio T. 

Ohio  OroTe tp. 

Ohioville p.h. 

Ohlman- p.T. 

Oil tp. 

Oil  City c. 

Oil  City p.h. 

Oil  Creek.- tp. 

Oil  Creek p.h. 

Oil  Creek tp. 

Oil  Mill  Village. p.h. 

Oil  Valley r. 

Okaw' tp. 

Okawvllle p.T. 

Okeana .p.r. 

Okemos p.r. 

Okobojl - p.tp. 

Okolona p.T. 

Okonoko p.h. 

Olathe c. 

Olathe tp. 

Olcott p.T. 

Old  Augusta T. 

Old  Canton t. 

Old  Chatham p.T. 

Oldenburg p.T. 

Old  Field tp. 

Old  Fields tp. 

Oldflelds  Creek tp. 

Old  Forge p.tp. 

Old  Fort p.tp. 

Old  Glass  Works....v, 
Old  Honey  Brook-.T. 

Old  Landing. t. 

Old  Lycoming- tp. 

Old  Lyme tp. 

Old  Mountain  Viow.T. 

Old  Place T. 

Old  Point  Comfort..p.T. 

Old  Richmond tp. 

Old  Rock  Hill v. 

Olds tp. 

Old  Saybrook tp. 

Old  Store p.tp. 

Old  Town tp, 

Oldtown tp. 

Oldtown p.v. 

Oldtown v. 

Old  Town- p.tp. 

Old  Town p.h. 

Old  Town  l8land....lsl. 

Olean tp. 

Clean p.v, 

Olena p.h. 

Oley p.tp. 

Olln p.T. 

Olin p.tp. 

OlluTllle T. 

01io« tp. 

Olive fp. 

Olive tp. 

Olive.- tp. 

Olive tp. 

Olive tp. 

Olive tp. 

Olive p.tp. 

Olive-...'. tp. 

Olive tp. 

Olive h. 

Olive  Branch p.h 

Olive  Hill p.h. 

Olive  Hill p.tp. 

Oliver tp. 

Oliver tp. 

Oliver tp. 

Oliver tp. 

Oliver tpi 

Oliver tp. 

Olivet p.tp. 


Franklin 

Morris 

Ness 

Saline 

Sedgwick 

Mississippi 

Herkimer- 

Clermont 

Gallia 

Monroe 

Alleghany 

Boaver 

Jellerson 

Mercer 

Ulster. 

Montgomery 

Perry 

Venango 

Monroe 

Crawford 

Crawford 

Venango 

Hillsborough 

McKean 

Shelby 

Washington 

Bntler 

Ingham 

Dickinson 

Chickasaw 

Hampshire 

Johnson  

Johnson 

Niagara 

Marion.- 

Smith 

Columbia 

Franklin.- 

Cabarrus 

Wilson 

Ashe 

Lfickawanna 

McDowell 

Greene 

Schuylkill 

Plymouth 

Lycoming 

New  London..... 

Santa  Clara 

Richmond 

Elizabeth  City.. 

Forsyth 

Huntingdon 

Greene 

Middlesex 

Chesterfield 

McLean 

Penobscot 

Penobscot 

Alleghany 

Forsyth- 

Grayson 

Penobscot 

Cattaraugus 

Cattaraugus 

Henderson 

Berks 

Jones , 

Iredell 

Westchester-,,., 

Woodford 

Madison 

Elkhart 

St.  Joseph 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Ottawa 

Ulster. 

Meigs 

Noble 

Noble 

DeSoto 

Carter 

Person 

Huron 

Taney 

Adams 

Jefferson 

MifHin 

Perry 

Osage 


State. 


Kan-. 
Kan.- 
Kan  „ 
Kan... 
Kan- 
Mo.... 
N.Y- 
Ohlo.. 
Ohio- 
Ohio- 
Pa..... 

Pa 

Pa 

Ill 

N.  Y„ 

III 

Ind... 

Pa 

Wis... 

Pa 

Pa.... 

Pa 

N.  H. 

Pa 

HI 

Ill 

Ohio.. 
Mich. 
Iowa. 
Miss ., 
W.Vt 
Kan.. 
Kan.. 
N.  Y- 
Ind-. 
Tex... 
N.  Y„ 
Ind... 
N.C, 
N.  0.., 
N.  C, 

Pa 

N.C... 

Pa 

Pa..... 
Mass. 

Pa 

Conn.... 
Cal... 
N.  Y.. 
Vo.... 
N.  C... 

Pa 

N.C. 
Conn. 
8.0... 

Ill 

Me ... 
Me.... 
Md.... 
N,  C. 
Va. .., 
Me.... 
N.  Y- 
N.  Y- 

111 

Pa.... 
Iowa. 
N.  C... 
N.  Y„ 

111 

HI-... 

Ind... 

Ind... 

Iowa. 

Mich, 

Mich.... 

N.Y. 

Ohio. 

Ohio. 

Ohio, 

Miss. 

Ky... 

N.C- 

Mlch 

Mo... 

Ohio. 

Pa.... 

Pu.... 

Pa-.. 

Kan. 


358 


1  In  1874,  part  to  Todd**  Point. 


<  In  1870,  part  to  Cmger. 


¥ 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Olivet -..?.▼• 

Olivia ph- 

Olmstead ph- 

Olmsted ph. 

Olmsted ^-tp. 

Olmsted p.T. 

OlmstedTiUe p.T. 

Olney c. 

Olney tp. 

Olney -...tp. 

Olney P-h. 

Olympla p.T. 

Olypbant .......p.b. 

Omaha  ••••—••  .—•"•P-b. 

Omaha ~p.T. 

Omaha....... c. 

Omar... p.v. 

Omega _.p.tp. 

Omega „..-.▼. 

I  Omnia tp. 

Omph  Ghent p.tp, 

I  Omro tp. 

Omro tp. 

Omro p.v, 

Onaga p.v. 

Onalaska tp. 

Onalaska p.v. 

Onarga^ tp. 

Onarga p.v. 

Onawa  City p.v. 

O'Neal tp. 

O'Neal tp. 

O'Neal -.p.tp. 

Oneco  ...„ tp. 

Oneco p.b. 

Oneida _.tp. 

Oneida ..p.v. 

Oneida tp. 

Oneida tp. 

Oneida ..p.v. 

Oneida _.tp. 

Oneida p.v. 

Oneida tp. 

Oneida  Castle p.v. 

Oneida  Community.T. 

O'Neill  City p.h. 

Oneka tp. 

Onekama p.tp. 

Oneouta tp. 

Oneonta p.v. 

Oneota „ p.tp. 

j  Onion  River h. 

I  Onondaga tp. 

{  Onondaga p.r. 

Onondaga tp. 

!  Onondaga p.v. 

Onondaga  VaIIey...p.v. 

Onota p.tp, 

I  Onslow p.v. 

Ontario p.tp. 

j  Ontario p.v. 

I  Ontario tp. 

Ontario p.v. 

i  Ontario p.v. 

!  Ontario  Centre p.v. 

t  Ontelaunee tp. 

i  Ontonagon p.tp. 

Ontwa tp. 

Ooltewah p.v. 

Opelika c. 

Opelousaa p.v. 

Oplieim p.U. 

Ophir tp. 

I  Ophir....„„ ....p.v. 

Ophir. p.v. 

Ophir tp. 

Ophir. tp. 

!  Ophir p.v. 

'  Oppenheim p.tp. 

:  Oquawka „p.v. 

Ora p.tp 

Oramol p.v. 

'  Oran tp. 

1  Oran p.tp. 

Orange p.v. 

!  Orange p.tp, 

{ Orange p.tp. 

i  Orange tp. 

{Orange tp. 

[Orange tp. 

'  "~ —  tp. 


I  Orange 


County. 


£aton-.....» 

Renville 

Logan 

Pulaski 

Cuyahoga 

Cuyahoga. 

£8sex 

Richland 

Richland 

Nobles 

Lincoln- 

Thurston 

Lackawanna 

Boone 

Gallatin 

Douglas 

Jefferson 

Marion.. 

Providence 

Cowley 

Madison 

Yellow  Medicine, 

Winnebago , 

Winnebago 

Potttiwatomie..... 

La  Crosse , 

La  Crosse 

Iroquois 

Iroquois 

Monona 

San  Joaquin 

Johnson 

Greenville 

Stephenson 

Stephenson 

Sierra , 

Knox , 

Delaware 

Tama 

Nemaha. 

Eaton 

Madison. 

Huntingdon. 

Oneida 

Madison 

Holt 

Washington 

Manistee 

Otsego _., 

Otsego 

St.  Louis 

Sheboygan 

Ingham 

Ingham , 

Onondaga , 

Onondaga 

Onondaga. , 

Schoolcraft , 

Jones 

Knox , 

La  Grange 

Wayne , 

Wayne 

Vernon 

Wayne 

Berks , 

Ontonagon 

Cass , 

James 

Lee 

St.  Landry 

Henry....... 

Butte 

Placer 

Ouray 

La  Salle 

Montgomery 

Tooele 

Fulton , 

Henderson 

Jackson 

Alleghany 

Logan 

Fayette 

Los  Angeles. 

New  Uaven. 

Clark- 

Knox 

Fayette , 

Noble , 

Rush 


Mich.., 
Minn.. 

Ky 

Ill 

Ohio.. 
Ohio... 
N.Y.. 

Ill 

Ill 

Minn. 

Mo .... 

Wa8h.» 

Pa... 

Ark. 

111.., 

Neb., 

N.  y 

111 

R.I..., 
Kon. 

HI 

Minn 

Wis. 

Wis..., 
Kan-. 
Wis..., 
Wis... 
III..... 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Cal 

N.  C... 

S.  C 

Ill 

Ill 

Cal ...., 

Ill 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Kan. ., 
Mich... 
N.  Y... 

Pa. 

N.  Y.., 
N.Y.., 
Neb..., 
Minn ., 
Mich... 
N.  Y... 
N.  Y.... 
Minn ., 
Wis.... 
Mich.., 
Mich... 
N.Y.., 
N.  Y... 
N.  Y... 
Mich.., 
Iowa... 

Ill 

Ind 

N.  Y..„ 
N.  Y„., 

Wis 

N.  Y..., 

Pa , 

Mich.. 

Mich.... 

Tenn  ... 

Ala.., 

La.... 

111..., 

Cal .., 

Cal... 

Col.. 

111... 

N.  C, 

Utah, 

N.Y., 

Ill 

111..., 

N.Y. 

111... 

Iowa.... 

Cal ... 

Conn 

111 

Ill 

Ind.., 
Ind... 
Ind... 


Population. 


1870.     1880, 


1,570 
383 


2,680 
1,412 


2,327 


16,083 

"i',; 


3,216 
1,838 


1,632 


2,822 


478 
1,719 
1,294 
1,348 
1,401 


1,034 

1,484 

715 


2,047 
3,262 


255 
2,568 
1,061 

694 


1,229 
"6,530 


1,942 
"2,29'5 


1,339 
739 
995 


1,546 
"2,430 


1,085 
451 


1,950 


959 
289 
769 
715 


2,634 
924 

1,167 
881 

2,066 

1,273 


620 

48 

71 

67 

1,817 

404 

173 

8,512 

1,339 

284 

86 

1,232 

2,094 

38 

187 

30,518 

105 

1,055 

166 

461 

1,308 

139 

2,694 

1,476 

242 

1,916 

826 

2,249 

1,061 

882 

2,740 

1,932 

2,267 

1,575 

86 

182 

919 

1,453 

874 

163 

2,652 

3,934 

S53 

239 

248 

57 

879 

684 

4,461 

3,002 

123 

60 

1,453 

201 

6,358 

210 

194 

420 

233 

1,657 

243 

2,962 

429 

179 

127 

1,265 

780 

1,145 

263 

8,245 

1,676 

46 

8,728 

595 

130 

979 

601 

149 

1,845 

891 

1,048 

215 

1,002 

874 

679 

8,.341 

1,183 

1,130 

812 

2,037 

1,301 


Place. 


pv 

pv. 

ph. 

pv. 

,..p.h. 


Orange — ......tp. 

Orauge tp. 

Orange tp. 

Orange - tp. 

Orange tp. 

Orange - p.r. 

Orange .......— p.tp. 

Orange - tp. 

Orange tp. 

Orange tp. 

Orange c. 

Orange tp. 

Orange tp. 

Orange p.T. 

Orange tp. 

Orange h. 

Orange tp. 

Orange  - ....- tp. 

Orange „ tp. 

Orange - tp. 

Orange tp. 

Orange - tp. 

Orange h. 

Orange - tp. 

Orange - p.tp. 

Orauge p.tp. 

Orangeburg  0.  H...p.v. 

Orange  City p.v. 

Orange  City p.v. 

Orange  C.  U p.v. 

Orange  Park p.v. 

Orangetown tp. 

Orangeville p.v. 

Orange  ville tp. 

Orangeville p.h. 

Orangeville p.v. 

Orangeville. tp. 

Orangeville p.tp, 

Orangeville. 
Orangeville., 

Orbisonia 

Orchard 

Orcutt  Creek 

Orcuttvillo h 

Ord p.T. 

Ordervllle p.v. 

Oreana p.h. 

Orearville p.h. 

Oregon tp. 

Oregon tp. 

Oregon p.v. 

Oregon p.tp, 

Oregon tp. 

Oregon tp. 

Oregon p.tp. 

Oregon p.v. 

Oregon tp. 

Oregon .tp. 

Oregon tp. 

Oregon p.v. 

Oregon  City p.v. 

Oregon  Hill v. 

OregonviUe tp. 

Ore  Hill p.v. 

Ore  Hill p.v. 

Ore  Knob p.v. 

Orestimba tp. 

Orford p.tp, 

Orfbrd  ville ..p.v. 

Orient tp. 

Orient p.h. 

Orient p.tp. 

Orient tp. 

Orient h. 

Orient p.v. 

Orion tp. 

Orion p.T. 

Orion p.h. 

Orion tp. 

Orion p.T. 

Orion tp. 

Orion tp. 

Orion p.T. 

Oriskany ..p.T. 

Oriskany  Falls p.v. 

Orizaba p.h. 

Orkney  Spring8.....p.h. 

Orland - tp. 

Orland ..p.v. 

Orland p.tp. 

Orland -.p.T. 


ConntjT. 


Black  Hawk.., 

Clinton.. 

Guthrie. 

Lincoln 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Ionia , 

Kalkaska 

Douglas 

Grafton. 

Essex ,-..., 

Schuyler 

Ashland 

Ashland........ 

CorroU - 

Coshocton..... 
Cuyahoga  ..... 

Delaware™ 

Hancock 

Meigs. 

Shelby 

Columbia.......-,. 

Luzerne 

Orangeburg., 

Orange -,.. 

Juneau. 

Orangeburg.. 

Volusia 

Sioux. 

Orange 

Clay 

Rockland 

Stephenson.... 

Orange 

Orange 

Baltimore 

Barry 

Wyoming 

Trumbull 

Columbia 

Huntingdon.. 

Mitchell 

Bradford 

Tolland 

Valley 

Kane 

Macon 

Saline 

Butte 

Ogle 

Ogle 

Clarke 

Starke 

Washington.., 

Lapeer 

Holt 

Lucas , 

Wayne 

Dane , 

Dane 

Clackamas 

Beaufort 

Rockingham.. 

Litchfield 

Blair 

Ashe 

Stanislaus 

Grafton. 

Bock 

Adair 

Adair , 

Aroostook 

Osceola , 

Osceola 

Suffolk 

Fulton 

Henry 

Kosciusko 

Oakland 

Oakland 

Olmsted 

Richland 

Richland 

Oneida 

Oneida 

Tippah 

Shenandoah... 

Colusa 

Colusa , 

Cook 

Steuben. 


Iowa.,.. 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Kan-... 
Mass  .„ 
Mass.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn... 
N.  H.... 

N.  J 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio — 

Pa 

Pa 

S.  C 

Vt 

Wis 

S.C 

Fla 

Iowa... 

Va 

Fla 

N.  Y 

111 

Ind 

Ind 

Md 

Mich... 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Iowa.... 

Pa 

Conn... 

Neb 

Utah.... 

HI 

Mo 

Cal 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

lowii.... 
Mich... 

Mo 

Ohio 

Pa 

Wis 

Wis 

Oregon. 
N.  C..„ 

N.  C 

Conn.... 

Pa 

N.  C... 

Cal 

N.  H.... 

Wis 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Me 

Mich... 
Mich.... 

N.  Y 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Mich... 
Mich.... 
Minn... 

Wis 

Wis. 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Miss 

Va 

Cal 

Cal 

Ill 

Ind 


Population.' 


1870,      1880. 


864 

1,018 

212 


2,091 


1,382 


178 

340 

9,348 

1,960 

1,485 


1,207 


812 
1,266 
1,167 
828 
951 
905 


1,243 
733 
235 
246 


6,810 
255 
904 


1,145 
1,217 


1,169 
1,325 


1,3G0 
624 

1,318 
877 
824 

1,863 
690 

1,498 


2,561 


1,119 
'"l39 


219 
54 


1,151 
304 
637 
697 


1,130 


861 

1,056 

400 

678 

3,169 

2,124 

1,521 

324 

273 

335 

13,207 

2,020 

1,448 

193 

1,327 

64 

783 

1,227 

1,461 

922 

984 

901 

91 

6,046 

731 

638 

2,140 

191 

320 

647 

134 

8,077 

326 

815 

66 

249 

1,090 

1,164 

277 

403 

766 

133 

80 

83 

181 

614 

66 

37 

1,910 

1,765 

1,088 

1,316 

706 

1,367 

1,420 

862 

2,321 

641 

1,514 

627 

1,203 

142 

3,706 

625 

140 

472 

822 

1,050 

153 

608 

31 

224 

608 

88 

786 

1,308 

604 

39 

1.292 

429 

645 

733 

i:i4 

697 
698 
77 
60 
1,603 
293 
1,208 
416 


1  In  1879,  part  to  Ridgeland. 


859 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Ptooa. 


Cbnntx* 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


County. 


State. 


1870.     1880. 


Orland 

Orlean „ 

Orl«aiit 

Orleiint. 

Orleans. 

Orleani 

Orlean* 

Orleans. 

Orleans- 

OrWns.. 

Orleans 

Orleans 

Ormsbnrg 

Omerille- 

Oro 

Orono ■ 

Orono 

Orouo 

Oronoco 

Oronooo 

Oronogo 

Oronoko 

Orovllle 

Orrlck „.... 

Orrliigton. 

Orrock , 

Orr's  Island..... 

Orrstown  _ 

Orrrille 

OrrviUe 

Ortonrille 

Ortonvillo. 

Orrll 

Orwell... 

Orwell 

Orwell 

Orwell.- 

Orwell.- 

Orwell.- 

Orwell.- 

Orwigsburg 

Osage 

Osage 

Osage 

Osage 


-p.tp. 

..p.T. 

,.p.tp, 

..p.h. 

..tp. 

..p.T. 

..tp. 

..p.tp. 

..p.tp. 

..p.v. 

..tp. 

..p.T. 


Osage... 
Osage... 
Osage  1. 
Osage... 
Osage.. , 
Osage... 
Osage.., 


Osage... 
Osage... 


Osage 

Osage 

Osage  City 

Osage  City 

Osage  Mission.. 

Osakis 

OsakU , 

Osawatomie 

Osawatomie...., 

Osborn 

Osborn- 

Osborn ..._, 

Ostrarne 

Osborne 

Osborne 

Osborn  Title-... 

Oscar >......., 

Osceola- 

Osceola...... 

Osceola- , 

Osceola- , 

Osceola 

Osceola- 

Osceola- 

Osceola 

Osceola. 

Osceola. 

Osceola. 

Osceola. 

Osceola- 

Osceola- 

Osceola- .m. 

Osceola.......... 

Oiceols- 


..p.tp. 
,..tp. 
...tp. 
,..tp. 

...p.T. 

...tp. 

...p.T. 

...p.T. 

...tp. 

...p.T. 

...p.T. 

...p.tp. 

...p.tp. 

...Isl. 

...p.b. 

...p.T. 

...p.T. 

...p.T. 

...p.tp. 

,..tp. 

...p.tp. 

...tp. 

...p.T. 

...tp. 

...p.T. 

...tp. 

...p.T. 

...p.b. 

...tp. 

...tp. 

...p.T. 

...tp. 

...tp. 

...tp. 

...tp. 

..-tp. 

...tp. 

...tp. 

...tp. 

...p.tp, 

...tp. 

...tp. 

...tp. 

...tp. 

...tp. 

...tp. 

...p.T. 

...p.T. 

...p.T. 

...tp. 

....p.T. 

...tp. 

...p.T. 

...p.T. 

...p.T. 

...tp. 

....p.T. 

...tp. 

...tp. 

-..p.T. 

-..tp. 

,...p.T. 

...T. 

...tp. 

...p.h. 

...p.T. 

...tp. 

,...p.T. 

,...tp. 

....tp. 

....tp. 

....tp. 

....p.T. 

....p.T. 

,...p.T. 

....tp. 

....p.h. 

....p.tp 


ITanoock 

Fauquier 

Humboldt...... 

Morgan 

Orange 

Orange.- 

Winneshiek-.. 

Barnstable 

lonin 

Harlan 

Jefferson 

Ontarift 

Montgomery... 

Piscataquis 

Butte „.... 

Muscatine 

Penobscot 

Penobscot- 

Olmsted 

Olmsted- 

Jasper 

Berrien- - 

Butte 

Bay 

Penobscot 

Slierbnme 

Cumberland-., 

Franklin 

Dallas 

Wayne 

Oakland , 

Big  Stone 

Logan 

Oswego , 

Ashtabula. 

Ashtabula. 

Bradford 

Bradford 

Addison- , 

Addison- 

Schuylkill 

LaSiille 

Mitchell 

Mitchell 

Allen 

Bourbon 

Crawford 

Labette- 

MianiL 

Bates.- 

Camden- 

Cole 

Crawford 

Dent 

Henry 

Laclede- 

Miller 

Morgan 

Vernon- 


Cole.. 

Neosho 

Douglas 

Douglas 

Miami 

Miami 

Do  Kalb 

Greene 

Outagamie .. 
Osborne-  .... 

Sumner 

Pipe  Stone ., 

Ocean 

Otter  Tall  „., 
Mississippi ., 

Schuyler 

Stark ., 

Stark 

St.  Joseph..., 

Clarke 

Clarke 

Franklin...., 

Osceola. 

BenTille , 

St.  Clair 

St.  Clair 

Polk 

White  Pine., 

Lewis- 

Lewis 

Tioga 


Me. 

Va 

Cal 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Mass... 
Mich.... 

Neb 

N.  Y.... 
N.  T-.. 
Tenu... 

Me 

Cal 

Iowa... 

Me 

Me 

Minn .. 
Minn .. 

Mo 

Mich... 

Cal 

Mo 

Me 

Minn... 

Me 

Pa 

Ala 

Ohio.... 
Mich... 
Minn .. 

Ill 

N.  T„... 

Ohio. 

Ohio. 

Pa..., 

Pa.... 

Vt_., 

vt.... 

Pa... 
111-.. 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kau 

Kan  -... 
Kan  -... 
Kan-... 
Kan..... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo , 

Mo , 

Mo , 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Kan.... 

Mo 

Kan 

Minn  .. 
Minn .. 
Kan  — 
Kan-.. 

Mo , 

Ohio-.. 

Wis 

Kan  -.. 

Kan 

Minn.. 

N.  J 

Minn .. 

Ark 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

lud... 
Iowa. 
Iowa. 
Iowa. 
Mich. 
Minn 
Mo .... 
Mo.... 
Neb.„ 
NeT-.. 

N.  Y 

N.  Y- 
Pa»... 


1,701 


1,866 

005 

C74 

1,32.3 

1,426 


2,44fi 


675 

281 

872 

2,888 


763 


1,615 
1,426 


1,768 


745 


1,196 

1,215 

936 


1,296 


1,192 


728 

1,176 

2,158 

1,400 

463 

1,053 

980 

930 

1,396 

500 

1,426 

604 

784 

288 

828 

1,257 

695 

787 

1,638 


791 
400 


1,182 


639 
417 


1,278 


1,889 

1,208 

617 

137 


957 
331 


1,689 

102 

447 

38 

1,830 

812 

636 

1,294 

1,666 

409 

2,318 

194 

223 

601 

432 

621 

2,246 

1,811 

916 

241 

700 

1,812 

1,743 

193 

1,629 

368 

278 

302 

270 

1,441 

308 

709 

1,521 

1,550 

973 

385 

1,307 

157 

1,351 

376 

792 

1,104 

2,563 

2,012 

769 

1,234 

1,663 

1,394 

1,196 

1,330 

1,244 

1,196 

780 

268 

1,010 

1,041 

866 

1,022 

1,052 

2,098 

220 

1,306 

462 

252 

1,999 

681 

412 

656 

612 

719 

486 

244 

696 

648 

317 

114 

1,619 

69 

129 

2,401 

1,769 

856 

1,318 

72 

1,162 

373 

627 

246 

666 

92 

790 


...p.T. 
..p.T. 


Osceola. p.tp. 

Osceola tp. 

Osceola  Mills -p.b. 

Osceola  Mills p.T. 

Osco - ....tp. 

Osco p.h. 

Oscoda. ...». tp. 

Oscoda.. 
Osgood., 

Oslmwa p.tp. 

Ofihkosh ....tp. 

Oshkosh 0. 

Oshkosb tp. 

Oshtemo -tp. 

Oshtemo.- p.T. 

Oskaloosa tp. 

Oskaloosa .....p.h. 

Oskaloosa tp. 

Oskaloosa o. 

Oskaloosa tp. 

Oskaloosa p.T, 

Osnaburg tp. 

Osuaburg - p.T, 

Oso  Flaco tp. 

Osolo -tp. 


Osseo., 

Osseo 

Ossian.., 
Ossian.., 
Ossian.., 


,.p.T, 
,.p.v, 
..p.T, 
,.p.T, 
,.p.tp 


Ossineke -p.tp, 

Ossiuing tp. 

Ossipeo tp. 

Ossipoe- p.T. 

Ossipeo  Centre v. 

Ossipee  Valley p.h. 

Ostenfeldt T. 

Ostrander- p.T. 

Oswayo > tp. 

Oswayo p.T. 

Oswegatchie ....tp. 

Oswego- tp. 

Oswego p.T. 

Oswego- ....p.T. 

Oswego- c. 

Oswego- tp. 


Fond  du  Lac 

Polk 

Clearfield.- 

Polk 

Henry 

Ilcnry 

Iosco 

Iosco 

BIpley , 

Nicollet 

Yellow  Medicine. 

Winnebago 

Winnebago 

Kalamazoo 

Kalamazoo 

Clay 

Clay 

Mahaska 

Mahaska 

JofTerson 

Jefferson 

Stark 

Stark 

San  Luis  Obispo-. 

Elkhart 

Hennepin 

Trempealeau 

Wells 

Winneshiek - 
Livingston ... 

Alpena 

Westchester- 
Carroll 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Calumet 

Delaware 

Potter 

Potter 

St.  Lawrence 

Kendall 

Kendall 

Kosciusko 

Labette,- 

Labette— 


..c. 


Oswego- tp. 

Oswego- p.h. 

Oswego  Falls p.T. 

Osyka p.T. 

Otego tp. 

Otego tp. 

Otego p.T. 

Otero - h. 

Otho - p.tp, 

Otis p.tp 

Otis p.tp, 

Otis tp. 

Otis  CO p.T. 

Otisco p.tp, 

Otisco p.tp. 

Otisco tp. 

Otisco p.T. 

Otisfield- -p.tp. 

OtisTllie p.T. 

OtisTille p.T. 

Otley p.T. 

Otranto ....tp. 

Otranto p.h. 

Otsego ....-tp. 

Otsego-. « tp. 

Otsego.- ....p.T. 

Otsego tp. 

Otsego p.h. 

Otsego.- tp. 

Otsego.- p.tp. 

Otsego  Lake p.tp. 

Otselic -tp. 

Otselic -p.h. 

Ottawa .............. -c. 

Ottawa ..........tp. 

Ottawa c. 

Ottawa......... tp. 

Ottawa  - tp. 

Ottawa  - tp. 

Ottawa  - p.T. 

Ottawa ...........tp. 

Ottawa  - ....tp. 

Ottawa  - p.T. 

Ottawa  > ....p.tp. 


Oswego 

Clackamas 

Oswego 

Pike 

Fayette- 

Otsego 

Otsego 

Colfax ~ 

Webster- 

Hancock 

Berkshire- 

Yellow  Medicine. 

Clarke 

Ionia 

Waseca- 

Onondaga- 

Onondaga 

Cumberland 

Genesee.. 

Orange 

Marion 

Mitchell 

Mitchell 

Steuben- 

Allegan- 

Allegan- 

Wright 

Wright 

Otsego 

Columbia.- 

Otsego 

Chenango  - 

Chenango- 

La  Salle 

La  Salle 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Ottawa 

Le  Sueur 

Le  Sueur 

Allen ~ 

Putnam 

Putnam 

Waukesha 


Wis.... 
WU..., 

Pa 

Wis..., 
Ill .... 

Ill 

Mich. 
Mich. 
Ind... 
Minn ... 
Minn... 

Wis 

Wis 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.,.. 

Kan 

Kan 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Cal 

Ind 

Minn ... 

Wis 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

N.  Y 

Mich.... 
N.  Y_... 
N.  H-.., 
N.H.... 

N.H 

N.  H 

Wis.-... 
Ohio-.. 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  Y„.. 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Kan.... 
Kan-.. 
N.  Y„.. 
N.  Y_.. 
Oregon 
N.  Y.... 
Miss.... 

Ill 

N.  Y-.. 
N.  Y-.. 
N.  Mex. 
Iowa. 
Me.... 
Mass. 
Minn 
Ind.... 
Mich.... 
Minn  ... 
N.  Y„.. 
N.  Y-.. 

Me 

Mich... 
N.  Y.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa... 

Ind 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn  ... 
Minn 
N.  Y- 
Wis.- 
Mich. 
N.  Y- 
N.  Y„ 

III 

Ill 

Kan- 
Kan. 
Kan-. 
Minn 
Minn 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 
Ohio- 
Wls... 


360 


t  la  1874,  part  to  Valley. 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Flace. 


Ottawa  8tatlon......p.h. 

iOttor -tp. 

iOtter tp. 

Otter tp. 

lOtterbein p.v. 

Otter  Creek tp. 

Otter  Creek tp. 

Otter  Creek tp. 

Otter  Creek tp. 

Otter  Creek p.tp. 

Otter  Creek tp. 

Otter  Creek tp. 

Otter  Creek tp. 

Otter  Creek tp. 

Otter  Creek p.tp. 

Otter  Creek tp. 

Otter  Creek p.tp. 

Otter  I^ke p.  v. 

Otter  Tail tp. 

Otterville p.v. 

Ottervillo p.b. 

ptterville tp. 

Otterville p.v. 

iJtto tp. 

l)tto tp. 

;)tto p.tp. 

ptto tp. 

Ottokee p.r. 

pttovillo p.v. 

Otturawa »c. 

pttumwat p.tp. 

Otn-ell p.v. 

Ouachita  City p.v. 

puray p.v. 

Dverfield tp. 

9verfield p.h. 

^reriscl p.tp. 

Overtoil p.tp. 

i»Terton p.v. 

jivid ....p.v. 

fvid tp. 

Wid tp. 

Wid p.v. 

}vid tp. 

tvid p.v. 

|waneco p.v. 

Iwasco tp. 

^wasco p.v. 

jwutonua c, 

jWHtunna tp. 

iwego tp. 

iwego tp. 

[wego p.v. 

jwen tp. 

wen p.tp. 

fwen tp. 

men tp. 

{wen tp. 

|wen tp. 

iwensborongh c. 

jwousburg p.v. 

wensville p.v. 

IwensTille p.v. 

(wenton p.v. 

wingsville p.v. 

*1  Creek  1 tp. 

;ff0880 c. 

|»0980 tp. 

;C  Bow pltn 

it  bow p.v. 

!iford p.v. 

itford* p.tp. 

kford p.v. 

pord tp. 

kford p.v, 

kfcrd tp. 

btord p.v. 

Word _.tp. 

ford tp. 

ford tp. 

ford p.v. 

ford tp. 

ford p.v, 

furd p.v, 

ford V. 

ford p.tp. 

iford tp. 

(ford „.p.v. 

pni p.tp 

jSwd —p.v. 

'ford tp. 


Oonnty, 


Ottawa 

Vigo 

Wurren_ 

Cowlcy~ 

BoDtou 

Jersey 

La  Salle 

Bipley 

Crawford 

.lack  son 

Liuu 

Lucas 

Tama 

Greenwood 

Mercer 

Duun 

£au  Claire 

La peer 

Otter  Tail- 

Jersey 

Buchanan 

Cooper 

Cooper 

Kankakee 

Oceana 

Cattaraugus... 

McKean 

Fulton 

Putnam 

Wapello 

Coffey 

Pike 

Union 

Ouray 

Wyoming 

Barbour 

Allegan 

Bradford 

KuBk 

Bear  Lake 

Branch 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Seneca 

Seneca 

Christian 

Cayuga 

Cayuga 

Steele 

Steele , 

Livingston 

Tioga 

Tioga , 

Winnebago.„., 

Clarke 

Clinton 

Jackson 

Warrick 

Cerro  Gordo.... 

Daviess... 

Greene , 

Gibson 

Clermont 

Owen 

Bath 

Woodson 

Shiawassee 

Shiawassee 

Aroostook 

Jefferson 

Calhoun 

New  Haven..., 

Newton 

Henry 

Benton 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Jones 

Johnson 

Suninor 

Sumner 

Oxford 

Oxford 

Talbot 

Bristol , 

Worcester 

Oakland 

Oakland 

Isanti. ..„ 

Lafayette.^ 

Warren  _ 


State. 


Mich.... 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Ind 

IIU 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Pa 

Wis. 

Wis 

Mich.... 
Minn ... 

Ill 

Iowa. ... 

Mo 

Mo 

Ill 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Ind , 

La , 

Col 

Pa 

W.  Va. 
Mich... 

Pa. , 

Tox.„.., 

Idaho.. 

Mich.... 

Mich, 

Mich, 

N.Y., 

N.Y. 

Ill 

N.Y. 
N.Y. 
Minn ... 
Minn... 

Ill 

N.  Y.... 
N.  Y.... 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa... 

Ky 

Ind 

Ind 

Ohio.... 

Ky 

Ky 

Kan.... 
»lich.,. 
Mich .. 

Mo 

N.  Y...., 

Ala 

Conn  .. 

Ga. 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Kan .... 
Kan.... 
Kan .... 

Me 

Me 

Md 

Mass..., 
Mass... 
Mich... 
Mich... 
Minn  .. 
Miss.... 
N.  J.-.. 


Population. 


1870.      188a 


1,269 
929 


1,009 
1,637 

"'902 

1,600 

711 

885 


660 
926 
"62 


1,356 
135 

1,028 
298 


6,211 
833 


1,060 
650 


1,230 
2,420 


2,403 
724 


1,261 


2,070 

602 

800 

9,442 

4,756 

929 

679 

1,118 

1,689 

1,440 

211 

3,437 


297 

560 

1,096 

2,065 

1,068 

100 


1,338 
665 

1,327 
619 

1,043 


1,121 
1,926 


1,631 

""m 


2,669 
1,367 


1,422 
4,834 


22 

1,337 

1,002 

446 

147 

1,324 

925 

1,696 

676 

891 

930 

767 

997 

882 

530 

219 

1,060 

306 

46 

223 

75 

1,310 

605 

1,543 

148 

1,111 

4,277 

159 

187 

9,004 

753 

176 

124 

864 

394 

37 

1,611 

603 

363 

146 

1,181 

3,174 

1,479 

3,569 

705 

140 

1,297 

240 

3,161 

584 

975 

9.884 

6,525 

879 

815 

1,540 

1,698 

1,517 

451 

6,231 

402 

685 

307 

654 

773 

768 

2,501 

1,217 

127 

212 

780 

1,120 

564 

1,367 

713 

1,436 

560 

1,397 

1,950 

1,052 

403 

1,655 

695 

689 

203 

2,60-t 

1,887 

851 

91 

1,534 

6,367 


PlacA. 


Oxford _.p.T. 

Oxford tp. 

Oxford „p.v. 

Oxford tp. 

Oxford p.v, 

Oxford.... „.tp. 

Oxford p.v. 

Oxford tp. 

Oxford tp, 

Oxford tp. 

Oxford _.tp. 

Oxford ...tp. 

Oxford tp. 

Oxford p.b, 

Oxford _.p.tp. 

Oxford  Junction  ...v. 

Oxford  Mills p.v. 

Oxford  Valley p.h. 

Oxmoor p.v. 

Oxville p.h. 

Oyster  Bay tp. 

Oyster  Bay p.v, 

OystervlUe p.v. 

Ozark p.v. 

Ozark p.v. 

Ozark p.tp. 

Ozark tp. 

Ozark p.v. 

Ozark tp. 

Ozark tp. 

Ozark' tp. 

Ozark p.h. 

Ozawkie* tp. 

Ozawkie p.v. 

Pacheco p.v. 

Pacific tp. 

Pacific p.v. 

Pacific p.tp. 

Pacific  City p.v. 

Pacific  Junction. ...p.v. 

Packer tp. 

Packcrville p.v. 

Packwaukee tp. 

Puckwaukeo p.v. 

Pacolett tp. 

Pacquanack b. 

Pactulus p.tp. 

Paddock's v. 

Padillas v. 

Padonia p.tp, 

Padua p.tp. 

Paducah c. 

Pagetowu p.h. 

Pageville v. 

Pagosa  Springs p.v. 

Pahaquarry tp. 

Paicines p.tp. 

Pnincourtville p.v. 

Palnesvilln tp. 

Painesville p.v. 

Paint tp. 

Paint p.tp. 

Paint tp. 

Paint tp. 

Paint tp. 

Paint ~ tp. 

Paint tp. 

Paint tp. 

Paint  Creek tp. 

Painted  Post p.v. 

Palnterhood tp. 

Paintersville p.b. 

Paintertown v. 

Paint  Lick p.h. 

Paint  Bock p.h. 

Paintsville p.v. 

Paisley p.h. 

Pajarito p.v. 

Pala ~ p.tp. 

Palarm p.tp. 

Palatine tp. 

Palatine p.v. 

Palatine tp. 

Palatine p.v. 

Palatine  Bridge p.v. 

Palatka p.v. 

Palermo p.b. 

Palermo tp. 

Palermo p.tp. 

Palermo p.tp. 

Palestine p.T. 


County. 


Warren 

Chenango 

Chenango , 

Granville 

Granville 

Butler 

Butler 

Coshocton 

Delaware,. 

Erie 

Guernsey 

Tuscarawas 

Adams 

Chester 

Marquette, 

Jones , 

Jones 

Bucks 

Jefferson 

Scott 

Queens 

Queens 

Pacific 

Dale 

Franklin 

Anderson. 

Barton 

Christian 

Lawrence 

Texas 

Webster 

Monroe 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Contra  Costa.,.. 

Humboldt 

Franklin 

Columbia... 

Mills 

Mills 

Carbon 

Windham 

Marquette 

Marquette 

Spartanburg 

Passaic 

Pitt 

Caledonia , 

Bernalillo- 

Brown 

McLean 

McCracken 

Morrow 

Meigs 

Conejos 

Warren 

San  Benito 

Assnmption 

Lake 

Lake 

Fayette 

Highland 

Holmes 

Madison 

Koss 

Wayne 

Clarion 

Somerset 

Allamakee 

Steuben 

Elk 

Greene 

Westmoreland . 

Garrard 

Jackson 

Johnson 

Lake... 

Bernalillo 

San  Diego. 

Faulkner. 

Cook 

Cook 

Montgomery.... 

Marion 

Montgomery ... 

Putnam 

Edgar 

Grundy  _ 

Waldo 

Oswego 

Crawford 


State. 


N.  J-... 
N.  Y„... 
N.  Y_... 

N.  0 

N.  0 — 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 
Ohio-... 

Pa. 

Pa 

Wis. 

Iowa.... 
Iowa..., 

Pa 

Ala 

Ill 

N,  Y 

N,  Y 

Wash.,. 

Ala 

Ark 

Kan 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio-... 

Kan 

Kan 

Cal 

Cal 

Mo 

Wis ..... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa. ... 

Pa. 

Conn.... 
Wis.-... 

Wis 

S.  C 

N.J 

N.  C_... 

Vt 

N.  Mex. 
Kan- 
Ill 

Ky.... 
Ohio- 
Ohio- 
Col.... 
N.J.- 
Cal.... 
La-... 
Ohio.. 
Ohio- 
Ohio- 
Ohio- 
Ohio- 
Ohio- 
Ohio- 
Ohio- 

Pa 

Pa-... 

Iowa.... 

N.Y. 

Kan, 

Ohio, 

Pa.... 

Ky... 

Ala.. 

Ky... 

Oregon. 

N.Mex. 

Cal.. 

Ark, 

111-.. 

111-.. 

N.Y 

W.  Va- 

N.  Y-.., 

Fla 

Ill , 

Iowa..., 

Me , 

N.  Y 

Ill- 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


3,278 
1,278 
2,724 

916 
3,959 
1,738 
1,140 
1,250 
1,238 
1,709 
1,6C7 
1,322 
1,151 

608 


1,752 
C38 


818 

1,208 

247 


441 

'■"612 
'i',3T2 
"2,060 


1,249 
6,866 


4,995 

3,728 

1,742 

2,429 

1,212 

955 

1,001 

1,418 

346 

923 

1,141 


1,856 


2,814 
658 
493 


684 
1,223 
2,052 


2,666 

8,035 

1,209 

3,938 

1,349 

3,044 

1,743 

1,201 

l,26t» 

1,231 

1,615 

1,968 

851 

1,502 

632 

349 

220 

68 

648 

94 

11,923 

1,255 

125 

612 

824 

636 

250 

235 

1,644 

476 

2,63:1 

67 

965 

144 

400 

2,293 

1,275 

249 

198 

123 

490 

113 

691 

137 

1,851 

72 

2,898 

346 

360 

756 

1,605 

8,036 

60 

145 

223 

418 

800 

293 

6,616 

3,841 

2,046 

2,476 

1,381 

1,429 

1,153 

1,474 

673 

1,236 

1,156 

701 

638 

96 

299 

80 

41 

310 

89 

400 

429 

743 

1,974 

731 

2,786 

655 

332 

1,618 

32 

1,623 

1,118 

1,996 

735 


nee  1870,  area  reduced. 
24 


*  In  1871,  part  to  Beacon  Falla.       *  Since  1870,  are*  reduced. 


«  In  1871,  part  to  Fairvlew. 
361 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


¥Ue«. 


PklMtlne  _......  .....tp. 

PalmtiiM  .....^....~p.T. 

l>alMtina tp. 

IHtl«i<tiaa„ tp. 

I>ale<itin«  - tp. 

I>alMtiD» T. 

l>Kl««till«.. T. 

pHlMtiue >..b. 

Paleatiue p.T. 

I'aleaUue- t. 

PalUnde. p.T. 

PaliaoUe. tp. 

Palmer -.p.T. 

Paluier_ p.T, 

Palmer tp. 

Palmer p.T. 

Palmer- tp. 

Piilmer tp. 

Palmer tp. 

Palmer  _ tp. 

Palmer- p.b. 

Palmer'i  Statlou...b. 


....p.T, 
....p.tp. 
....h. 
...p.h. 
...tp. 
.p.T. 


Ooanty. 


Pul  motto 
Palmetto 
Palmstown.... 

Piilmyra 

Palmyra 

Palmyra 

Palmyra tp. 

Palmyra tp. 

Palmyra p.T. 

Palmyra tp. 

Palmyra p.tp. 

Palmyra p.T. 

Palmyra tp. 

Palmyra p.T. 

Palmyra tp. 

Paloiyra p.T. 

.  Palmyra p.T. 

Palmyra tp. 

Palmyra p.T. 

.  Palmyra p.tp, 

Palmyra b. 

Palmyra p.tp. 

Palmyra p.T. 

Palmy  i-a tp. 

Palmyra tp. 

Palmyra tp. 

Palmyra p.T. 

Palo p.T. 

Palo - p.T. 

Palo  Alto tp. 

Palo  Alto b. 

Palo  Pinto p.T. 

Palog ....tp. 

Palouse. M p.T. 

Pamelia tp. 

Paniplin  City p.T. 

Pana tp. 

Pana— c. 

Panama p.T. 

Pan  coast p.T. 

Pancoaatburg -p.T. 

.'Panguitcb p.T. 

Panola - p.T. 

Panola _ tp. 

Panola p.T. 

,PaDora p.T. 

Fantego tp. 

'Pantego p.b. 

Panther  Branch tp. 

PantoQ p.tp. 

'Paola c. 

,Faola tp. 

Paoli - p.T. 

Paoli tp. 

Paoli ....p.T. 

Paoli p.h. 

Papillion p.T. 

Papitieau tp. 

Papinuau ;....-pJi. 

Papinsville p.T. 

Paradise ....p.T. 

Paradise p.tp. 

Paradise tp. 

Paradise tp. 

Paradise p.tp, 

Paradise p.T. 

Paradise p.tp. 

Paradise p.tp, 

Paradise ....tp. 

Piiradise _.. t. 

Paradise tp. 

^362         ~ 


Woodford- 

Kosciusko- 

Story 

Sumner. 

Cooper -.. 

ClormoQt - 

Darke 

Shelby - 

Anderson 

Wirt 

Eureka— 

Bergen 

Christian 

Washington- 

Hampden 

Ilumpdeu , 

Sherljurue- 

Putnam - 

Washington 

Northampton  -.... 

Ellis 

Ionia _ 

Campbell 

Darlington -.. 

Cumberland 

Lincoln- 

Leo 

Macoupin 

Knox- 

Warren 

Warren  - , 

Douglas 

Somerset 

Marion , 

Lenawee 

Lenawee , 

Renville 

Otoe 

Burlington 

Wayne , 

Wayne 

Halifax  - 

Knox 

Portage , 

Lebanon 

Pike 

Wayne 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Linn -. 

Ionia 

Jasper 

Schuylkill -. 

Palo  Pinto -. 

Cook 

Wliitman-.... 

Jefferson 

Appomattox—. .. 

Cliristian 

Christian 

Ciiautauqua. 

Jefferson 

Fayette ............ 

Iron 

DeKalb 

Woodford.......... 

Woodford 

Gutbrio 

Beaufort 

Beaufort ».... 

Wake 

Addison 

Miami ~. 

Miami , 

Madison 

Orange 

Orange 

Dane - 

Sarpy- 

Iroquois 

Iroquois 

Bates 

Butte 

Coles 

Crawford 

Rooks 

Russell 

Mublenburg 

Grand  Traverse., 

Lancaster- 

Monroe- 

Westmoreland-.. 
York 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


IlL 

Ind 

Iowa. ... 
Kan.-.. 

Mo 

Ohio.... 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio.... 

Tex 

W.  Va.. 

Nev 

N.  J.-.. 

Ill 

Kan-.. 
Mass... 
Mass ... 
Minn .. 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Tex 

Mich.... 

Ga 

8.  C 

Pa. 

Ark.-.„ 

111 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Me 

Mo 

Micb.... 
Mich..- 
Minn ... 

Neb 

N.J 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Wis 

Wis 

Iowa.... 
Mich..., 
Iowa..., 

Pa 

Tex 

Ill 

Wash .. 

N.  Y 

Va 

Ill , 

111 

N.  Y-.. 

Pa. 

Ohio-.. 
Utah... 

a*. 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa... 

N.  C 

N.  C... 

N.C 

Vt 

Kan..... 
Kan  -.. 

Ga. 

Ind 

Ind 

Wis 

Neb 

HI 

111 

Mo 

Cal 

Ill 

Iowa... 
Kan.... 
Kan-.., 

Ky 

Mich... 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 


1^25 


732 


2,430 


3,631 


434 

671 

1,444 


294 
1,214 


1,100 


1,269 
1|M7 


2,431 
1,322 
2,615 
1,767 


4,188 
2,152 
2,345 


848 


670 
2,481 
1,621 

703 


1,064 
1,740 


863 


1,292 


3,096 

2,207 

650 


1,200 


60-4 
1,792 


921 

390 

1,811 

624 


2,350 
628 


1,064 


1,220 


266 

2,193 

622 


1,300 


1,604 

122 

1,802 
636 

1,701 

130 

264 

98 

S,997 
789 
211 

2,302 
364 
125 

6,504 

1,416 
105 
029 
691 

2,022 

63 

69 

473 

1,638 
87 
21 

1,118 
222 

1,278 

1,122 
168 

2,478 

1,271 

2,479 

1,969 
225 
308 
239 
671 

4,435 

2,:«)8 

2,425 
55 

1,105 
631 
667 

2,727 

1,361 
698 
135 
327 

1,465 

1,688 
352 

1,209 
148 

1,14;$ 
117 

4,233 

8,009 
473 
131 
175 
604 
290 

1,132 
127 
795 

2,136 
71 

1,462 
419 

2,312 

1,008 
115 

2,510 

696 

74 

444 

1,469 
51 
2G8 
299 

1,122 
374 
600 
684 
137 
655 

2,619 
688 
110 

1,372 


Place. 


Paradise.^...... p.T. 

Paragon p.T. 

Paragonab p.T. 

Pardee -p.T. 

Pardeoville —p.T. 

ParfroyvlUe h. 

Paris p.T. 

Paris- _ tp. 

Paris- c. 

Paris ..-.p.T. 

Paris-.....- „..tp. 

Paris- tp. 

Paris c. 

Paris tp. 

Paris- p.T. 

Paris tp. 

Paris tp. 

Paris- _ p.T. 

Paris p.T. 

Paris — p.tp, 

Paris- tp. 


Ooanty. 


State. 


..tp. 
..p.T. 
..tp. 
..p.h. 

,.p.T. 


Paris-.....-. 

Paris „. 

Paris- — , 

Paris- 

Paris- -. 

Paris 0. 

Paris p.T. 

Paris tp. 

Paris p.tp. 

Parish -..tp. 

Parish p.T. 

Parish  GroTe tp. 

Parish  villo -tp. 

Parish  ville p.T. 

Paris  Mountain tp. 

ParisTille -h. 

Park p.T. 

Park tp. 

Park tp. 

Park  City h. 

Park  City. h. 

Park  City- p.T. 

Parker.- p.T. 

Parker.- tp. 

Parker.-.. p.tp, 

Parker- tp. 

Parker-.....- tp. 

Parker- tp. 

Parker  City b. 

Parker's h. 

Parkersburg p.T. 

Parkorsburg -..p.b. 

Parkersburg p.T. 

Parkersburg v. 

Parkersburg c. 

Parker's  Prairie-... p.tp. 

Parkertown T. 

Parkosburg p.b, 

Parkman- p.tp. 

Parkman tp. 

Psirkman p.T. 

Park  Mills p.h. 

Park  mount h. 

Park  Place h. 

Park  Ridge p.T. 

Parks tp. 

Park's  Bar tp. 

Parksvillo p.T. 

Parksvillo tp. 

Park  View T. 

Park  ville p.h. 

Park  ville p.  v. 

Park  ville .....p.T. 

Pnrma tp, 

Parma p.v, 

Parma tp, 

Parma p.T. 

Pariua p.tp, 

Parnassus p.b. 

Parowan p.T. 

Parrieh p.h, 

Parrottsville p.T. 

Parry  ville p.b. 

Parshallville p.b. 

Parson  Creek- tp. 

Parsons c. 

Parsons p.b. 

Parsonsfield p.tp. 

Partello p.h. 

Partridge tp. 

Pasadena p.T. 

Pascagoula. p.T, 


Cache- , 

Morgan 

Iron 

Atchison , 

Columbia 

Waupaca - 

Bear  Lake 

Edgar 

Edgar 

Jennings 

Uoward. 

Linn 

Bourbon 

Oxford 

Oxford 

Huron 

Kent 

Mecosta 

Monroe 

Oneida 

Poriage- 

Stark 

Stark- 

Union 

Washington-. 

Henry 

Lamar 

Fauquier , 

Grant 

Kenosha , 

Oswego , 

Oswego.- 

Benton 

St,  Lawrence 
St  Lawrence 
Greenville., ,. 

Pulaski 

Park 

Sedgwick 

St.  Joseph 

Grand 

Lewis  and  Clarke 

Summit 

Turner 

Clark 

Montgomery... 

Morris 

Morrison 

Butler 

Armstrong 

Hillsborough,, 

Richland 

Montgomery.,, 

Butler, 

Alleghany 

Wood 

Otter  Tail 

Monmouth 

Chester 

Piscataquis 

Geauga 

Geauga 

Fre«lerick 

Delaware 

Hamilton 

Cook 

Armstrong 

Yul)a 

Boyle 

Perquimans-.. 
Cattaraugus-.. 

I'arke 

St.  Joseph 

Platte 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Monroe 

Monroe 

Cuyahoga 

Westmoreland, 

Iron 

Franklin 

Cocke 

Carbon 

Livingston 

Linn 

Ijabette- 

Luzerne 

York , 

Calhoun 

Woodford 

Los  Angeles-,., 
Jackson , 


Utah.- 

Ind 

Utah,. 
Kan-. 
Wis,-, 
Wis.-. 
Idaho,,, 

111 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.  „. 

Kan 

Ky 

Me 

Me 

Mich,,- 
Mich,,,. 
Mich,.,, 

Mo 

N,  Y 

Ohio.,... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Tenn,-, 

Tex 

Va 

Wis 

Wis 

N,  Y 

N.  Y 

Ind 

N,  Y 

N,  Y 

6,0 

Ind 

Col 

Kan 

Mich,,- 

Col 

Mon 

Utuh.,- 

Dak 

Ill 

Kan 

Kan 

Minn ,.. 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  U,,.. 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.,,, 

Md 

W,  Va., 
Minn  „. 

N,  J 

Pa 

Me 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Md 

Pa, 

Ohio 

HI 

I'a 

Cal 

Ky 

N,0 

N.  Y-„. 

Ind 

Mich 

Mo 

Mich.... 
Midi.,,, 

N.  y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Pa 

Utah.,- 

III 

Tenn  ... 

P.a. 

Mich,,- 

Mo 

Kan 

Pa 

Me 

Mich..- 

Ill 

Oil 

Miss 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PlSM. 


,...tp. 
...tp. 
....p.tp. 
,...tp. 

..p.T 


Pascong ?•▼. 

Paskenta p.tp. 

I'agsadumkeag tp. 

I'assiidumkeag p.T. 

,ra«s«ic "tp. 

Passttic c. 

Pass  Christian p. v. 

iPa88  Slanchac h. 

jPassunipsic p.  v. 

Pataskala p.T. 

Patcli  Grove tp. 

■Patch  Grovo pv. 

iPatchogue p.  v. 

iPateroun c. 

'Patoka tp. 

Patoka p.v. 

Patoka tp. 

Patoka' tp. 

;Patoka tp. 

;piitoka p.v. 

Patoka -tp, 

iPaton tp. 

Paton p.h. 

iPatrick  0.  II p.v. 

'Patriot p.v. 

■Patriot p.h. 

iPatten ~ tp. 

Patten p.v. 

.Patterson p.v. 

iPatterson p.h. 

■Patterson tp. 

'Patterson p.v. 

Patterson. 
iPatter«on.. 
^Patterson. 
[Patterson. 
Patterson. 
jPatterson tp, 

Patterson »...p.b. 

Patterson v. 

Pattersonville p.v. 

PattersonvlUe p.v. 

Patton tp. 

Piitton tp. 

I'atton ».tp. 

Pattonsburg p.v. 

Pattonsburg v. 

Pattonsville p.h. 

iPaulding p.v. 

Paulding tp. 

Paulding p.v. 

Paulina p.h. 

Paulsborough p.v. 

Paulton p.h. 

i(*aupack tp. 

iPavia p.h. 

Pavilion .....p.tp. 

JPavilion tp. 

'Pavilion p.T. 

jPawcatuck v. 

|Paw  Creek p.tp. 

Pawlet tp. 

iPawlet „ p.v. 

|P»«ling tp. 

i^awliiig p.v. 

i^wnee tp. 

I?awnee p.v. 

pawnee tp. 

'awnee tp, 

pwnee tp. 

I'awnee  City p.v. 

i'a^nee  Kock tp. 

I'Niwnee  Kock p.h, 

'aw  Paw tp. 

Ii'aw  Paw h. 

•aw  Paw tp. 

•aw  Paw „ p.tp. 

■*aw  Paw „ tp. 

.'aw  Paw p.T. 

'hw  Puw  Grove.... p. v. 
'awtucket -.p.tp. 

,  'awtuxet p.T. 

''axon _.T. 

I'azton „ c. 

■•xtou „ p,v. 

"•xton tp. 

>xton «». p.T, 

jlMton ,^.„ p.tp. 

•xton „. tp. 

gmxtonTiUo „...p.v, 

ayne......... ip. 


County. 


State. 


Providence.... 

Tehama , 

Penobscot-..., 
Penobscot-.... 

Morris 

Passaic 

Harrison 

Tangipahoa... 
Caledonia...... 

Licking 

Grant 

Grant 

Suffolk 

Passaic „ 

Marion 

Marion 

Crawford 

Dubois 

Gibson «... 

Gibson 

Pike ~ 

Greene 

Greene 

Patrick 

Switzerland-. 

Gallia 

Penobscot 

Penobscot 

Madison 

Wayne 

Putnam.,., 

Putnam......... 

Alamance 

Orange 

Caldwell 

Darke 

Ilardia 

Beaver 

Juniata 

Schuylkill 

Sioux 

St.  Mary's 

Ford 

Alleghany ».. 

Centre 

Daviess 

Botetourt... 

Scott 

Jasper 

Paulding 

Paulding 

Warren ..m... 

Gloucester. 

Westmoreland .... 

Wayne 

Bedford 

Kalamazoo 

Genesee 

Genesco 

New  London 

Mecklenburg 

Rutland 

Rutland 

Dutchess 

Dutchess 

Sangamon 

Sangamon 

Bourbon m... 

Pawnee....... 

Smith- 

Pawnee 

Barton... 

Barton 

De  Kalb 

De  Kalb 

Wabash 

Elk 

Van  Buren „.. 

Van  Baren_ 

Lee 

Providence 

Kent 

Bucks 

Ford 

Sullivan 

Worcester 

Worcester 

Redwood 

Rosa 

Snyder 

Sedgwick....^..  ~. 


R.I  — 

Cal 

Me 

Me 

N.  J. 

N.  J-... 

Miss 

Miss 

Vt 

Ohio 

Wis-.... 

Wis 

N.  T 

N.  J  _.., 

Ill 

Ill- 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind , 

Ind , 

Ind 

Iowa..., 
Iowa..., 

Va 

Ind 

Ohio-.., 

Me 

Me. 

Iowa..., 

Mo 

N.  Y.... 

N.  Y 

N.  0-.. 

N.  C 

N.  C.... 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

Pa- 

Pa- 

Iowa..., 

La. 

HI 

Pa_ 

Pa 

Mo 

Va 

Va 

Miss-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio.... 
N.J-.. 
N.  J.-.. 

Pa- 

Pa- 

Pa- 

Mich... 
N.  Y.... 
N.Y-.. 
Conn... 
N.  C... 

Vt 

Vt 

N.  Y-.. 
N.  Y„.. 
111...... 

Ill- 

Kan.... 
Kan.... 
Kan.... 

Neb 

Kan  -.. 
Kan-.. 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Kan.... 
Mich... 
Mich... 

Ill- 

R.  I.-.. 

R.  I 

Pa. 

Ill 

Ind 

Mass .. 
Moss.., 
Minn., 
Ohio-., 

Pa 

Kan... 


Population. 


356 
243 


1,624 
"i",95*i 


33,579 
1,294 


1,25:J 
3,086 
4.397 


1,760 


1,418 


717 

1,092 

789 

978 


74 

659 


2,726 

1,193 

721 


262 
448 


1,208 
1,614 


1,591 
1,505 


1,760 
T,293 


2,670 
1,428 


6,619 


1,456 


1,738 


1,222 

1,643 

302 

115 

1,896 

6,532 

1,410 

20 

170 

634 

826 

192 

2,503 

5i,au 

1,366 

444 

1,618 

1,997 

6,017 

775 

2,039 

535 

84 

114 

467 

80 

716 

245 

186 

36 

1,679 

315 

816 

1,642 

1,038 

1,280 

385 

130 

763 

159 

173 

500 

3,139 

1,730 

761 

399 

188 

76 

229 

1,065 

454 

41 

760 

90 

628 

45 

1,138 

1,649 

264 

1,560 

1,739 

1,696 

259 

2,006 

580 

1,131 

192 

800 

672 

1,6.34 

763 

493 

84 

909 

62 

2,130 

951 

2,707 

1,482 

476 

19,030 

282 

101 

1,725 

164 

692 

210 

259 

2,119 

163 

624 


PlM!«. 


Paynesvllle ......tp. 

Paynesville „....p.T. 

Paynesvillo _....p.v. 

PayneviUe p.h. 

Payson tp. 

Payson p.v. 

Payson .p.T. 

Peabody tp. 

Peabody p.T. 

Peabody p.tp. 

Peacedale p.T. 

Peacham -tp. 

Peacham p.T. 

Peacham  Ilollow-.h. 

Peach  Bottom p.tp. 

Peach  Orchard tp. 

Peaine -.tp. 

Peak p.h. 

Peak  Creek tp. 

Peakesville p.v. 

Peak's  Island isl. 

Peapack p.T. 

Peapatcb  Island  ...isl. 

Pearce's  Mills .p.h. 

Pea  Ridge tp. 

Pearisburg -.p.T. 

Pearl tp. 

Pearl  Creek p.h. 

Pearl  Depot p.h. 

Pearlington p.v. 

Pearsall's p.T. 

Pearson's  Corner...p.b. 

Pease tp. 

PeasleeTille... p.h. 

Peatfield t. 

Pebble -.tp. 

Pecos T. 

Pecatonica tp. 

Pecatonica p.T. 

Peconlc p.T. 

Peculiar p.tp. 

Pedlar  Mills p.h. 

Pedricktown p.T. 

Fee  Dee tp. 

Pee  Dee p.tp. 

Pee  Dee tp. 

Peekskill p.v. 

Pee-Pee p.tp, 

Peeples p.tp. 

Peiffertown v. 

Pekin tp. 

Pekin c. 

Pekin p.v. 

Pekin p.T. 

Pelaliatchee  Depot.p.T. 

Pelham p.T. 

Pelhani p.tp. 

Pelham p.tp. 

Pelham tp. 

Pelham p.T. 

Pelham p.tp. 

Pelican tp. 

Pelican  Lake tp. 

PcUa tp. 

Pella p.T. 

Pella p.tp. 

Pellville p.T. 

Pemborton tp. 

Peml>erton -p.h. 

Pemberton p.T, 

Pemberville p.T, 

Pemberwick ..T. 

Pembina —p.T. 

Pembroke p.tp. 

Pembroke p.T. 

Pembroke p.tp. 

Pembroke m P-tp. 

Pembroke p.tp. 

Pembroke P.tp. 

Pemiscot tp. 

Pena  Blanca t. 

Pena  Colorado h. 

Pen  Argyl p.T. 

Penaw^awa p.h. 

Poncader _..... -bnd. 

Pendleton tp. 

Pendleton p.T. 

Pendleton. ...........tp. 

Pendleton tp. 

Pendleton p.T. 

Pendleton p.v, 


Connty. 


Stearns.-.„ 

Steams- , 

Pike 

Meade 

Adams 

Adams 

Utah 

Marion 

Marion 

Essex 

Washington-.. 

Caledonia 

Caledonia 

Caledonia- 

York- 

Ford 

Manitou 

Lexington...... 

Ashe 

Clarke 

Cumberland ... 

Somerset 

New  Castle 

Marion— 

Brown 

Giles 

Pike „ 

Wyoming , 

Pike 

Hancock 

Queens ,-..., 

Kent , 

Belmont 

Clinton- 

£ssex-._ 

Pike 

San  Miguel...., 
Winnebago..... 
Winnebago..... 

Suffolk 

Cass 

Amhenst — 

Salem 

Georgetown-.. 

Marion 

Montgomery ., 
Westchester..., 

Pike - 

Hampton- 

Crawford 

Tazewell 

Tazewell 

Alleghany 

Niagara 

Rankin.- 

Mitchell 

Hampshire 

Hillsborough.. 
Westchester... 
Westchester... 

Caswell 

Otter  Tail 

Grant 

Ford 

Marion 

Shawano 

Hancock 

Burlington 

Burlington...., 

Shelby 

Woo<l _... 

Fairfield 

Pembina 

Kankakee , 

Christian 

Washington-.. 

Plymouth 

Merrimac 

Genesee 

Pemiscot 

Bernalillo 

Presidio 

Northampton., 

Whitman.- 

New  Castle 

Jefferson 

Madison 

St.  Fran;oi8.... 

Niagara. 

Niagara. _.. 

Putnam..... 


SUte. 


Minn 
Minn 
Mo.... 
Ky... 

in 

111 

Utah.... 
Kan-.., 

Kan 

Mass.... 

R.  I 

Vt 

Vt 

Vt 

Pa 

111 

Mich.... 

S.  C 

N.  C — 

Mo. 

Me.. 

N.  J 

Del 

Ala 

HI 

Va. 

Ill 

N.  Y-.. 

Ill 

Miss-... 
N.  Y„.. 

Del 

Ohio 

N.Y, 
Mass.... 
Ohio .... 
N.  Mex. 

Ill 

HI 

N.  Y 

Mo 

Va 

N.  J 

S.C 

S.C 


It: 

Ohio-. 
S.  C... 

Pa 

Ill 

Ill 

Md 

N.  Y... 
Miss-.. 

Ga 

Mass... 
N.  H.„ 
N.  Y„. 
N.  Y-., 
N.  C..., 
Minn  . 
Minn. 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Wis 

Ky 

N.  J 

N.J 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Conn.... 
Dakota. 

HI 

Ky 

Me 

Muss. ... 
N.  H.... 
N.  Y-... 

Mo 

N.  Mex. 

Tex 

Pa 

Wash... 

Del 

Ill 

Ind 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.Y-... 
Ohio — 


Fopnlation. 


1870.      188a 


25,933 
"1*436 


7,343 

'i'liii 


2,366 
374 
287 


1,006 


1,011 


6,211 


1,422 

356 

1,780 


2,400 
1,113 
640 
6,560 
2,320 
1,400 


6,862 
6,696 


673 

861 

1,790 


1,660 


552 

1,909 

318 


2,743 

797 


278 
2,551 
1,447 

2,518 

2,810 

226 


2,542 
1,086 
678 
851 
1,772 
214 
145 


40S 

127 

243 

66 

29,243 

516 

1,788 

1,585 

1,087 

9,028 

986 

1,041 

150 

77 

2,130 

747 

655 

62 

1,913 

no 

390 

236 

78 

70 

1,094 

286 

846 

73 

73 

629 

965 

36 

e,819 

43 

111 

1,694 

241 

1,847 

1,029 

455 

1,009 

43 

262 

3,341 

1,776 

742 

6,893 

2,725 

4,736 

287 

6,161 

6,993 

605 

218 

117 

108 

614 

84« 

2,640 

218 

2,113 

614 

367 

860 

2,430 

686 

112 

2,885 

799 

228 

644 

132 

28!7 

223 

iOi 

2,324 

1,405 

2,797 

2,846 

6M 

604 

63 

672 

4a 

2,.350 

1,658 

614 

958 

1,730 

130 


»  Since  1870,  area  reduce*. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PUoa. 


Paudletun tp. 

VeiidlKtou p.T. 

l*uiifl<*IJ _....p.T. 

I'enOt'lil ~ p.h. 

I'eiitloltl ....tp. 

Peiifiild  ...^ p.T. 

Penfleld p.tp. 

Peiitleld p.v. 

Peniiiaula. tp. 

Peiiiuaula p.T, 

Penu ^._ tp. 

Peiiii tp. 

Pouu _ tp. 

Penn .........^.tp. 

Peoo.. tp. 

P«nn ^ M....tp. 

Peon tp. 

Penu tp. 

Pen  u ^.^ tp. 

Peun tp. 

Penn.. ..^....^.p.tp. 

Peun- ..^.....^..tp. 

Penn tp. 

Penn tp. 

Penn- ^ ....tp. 

Penn ^ ......tp. 

Penn >...tp. 

Penn ....tp. 

Penn tp. 

Penn. «.tp. 

Penn.......... tp. 

Penn ....tp. 

Penn tp. 

Penn- tp. 

Penn- tp. 

Penu- ..tp. 

Peun „tp. 

Penn- b. 

Penn tp. 

Penn- _..tp. 

Penn tp. 

Pennfleld tp. 

Peun  Forest tp. 

Peun  Haven v. 

Pennington p.h. 

Pennington p.v. 

Pennington -...p.r. 

Penn  Line p.h. 

Pennnborougb p.v. 

Pennsburj- tp. 

Peun 'a  Grove  „ p.v. 

Pennnrille p.v. 

Pennsville h. 

Pennsylvania tp. 

Penimylvaniaburg.h. 

Penuville h. 

Penny h. 

Penu  Yan p.v. 

Pono tp. 

Penobscot. p.tp. 

Penobscot v. 

Penryn- p.v. 

Pensacola c. 

Pensacola. p.tp. 

Pensaukee p.tp. 

Pentwater p.tp. 

Peoples tp. 

Peoria c. 

Peoria _tp. 

Peoria h. 


Ooanty. 


SUte. 


Population. 


P-T- 

— tp. 

ph. 

P.l>. 

ph. 

.p.v. 


Peoria 

Peoria.- 

Peoria 

Peoria.-...., 

Peoria.- 

Peoria  City 

Peotone tp, 

Peotone p.v. 

Pepin tp. 

Pepin p.tp, 

Pepperell- p.tp, 

Pepperton tp. 

Peppertown p.h. 

Pequannock p.tp, 

Pequea - p.tp, 

Perclie tp. 

Perdue  Hill p.v. 

Pere  Marquette tp. 

Perliam pint 

Periutm. tp. 


CmaUlU 

Anderson — . 

Anderson-. 

Oreene..... 

ChamptUgn 

Honroe- 

Monroe- 

Lomin 

Cleiirfleld- 

Grand  Traverse., 

Summit 

Shelby 

SUrk -.....,... 

Jay. - 

Parke- 

St.  Joseph- , 

Guthrie 

Jeiferson 

Juhnsun 

Madison 

Osborne 

Cass 

McLeod- 

Sullivan 

Highland-. 

Morgan- 

Alleghany 

Berks 

Butler 

Centre 

Chester.- 

Clearfield 

Cumlwrliind 

Huntingdon 

Lancaster- 

Lycoming- 

Perry 

Snyder 

Westmoreland-... 

Westmoreland 

York 

Will  iamsbnrg 

Calliouu 

Carlwn 

Carbon 

Lawrence 

Mercer 

Trinity _. 

Crawford 

Kitcbie 

Chester 

Salem 

Fayette- 

Lycoming 

Mason 

Biploy 

Wayne 

Pitt - 

Yates 

Pike 

Hancock 

Luzerne 

Placer 

Escambia -... 

Yancey 

Oconto 

Oceana 

Boone 

Peoria 

Peoria 

Miami 

Mahaska 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Wyoming 

Linn 

Polk 

Will 

Will 

Wabasha 

Pepin 

Middlesex 

Stevens 

Franklin 

Morris 

Lancaster 

Boone 

Monroe- 

Mason 

Aroo8t>x)k 

Otter  Tail- 


Oregon. 

3.  0 

3.0 

Oa- 

Ill 

N.  T 

N.Y-... 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Mich.... 

Ohio 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa..., 
Iowa..., 
Iowa..., 
Iowa.... 
Kan  -.. 
Mich... 
Minn .. 

Mo 

Ohio.... 
Ohio...., 

Pa 

Pa- 

Pa„ 

Pa 


Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

S.C 

Mich... 

Pa 

Pa 

Dak. 

N.  J.-.. 
Tex.-... 

Pa , 

W.  Va.. 

Pa. 

N.  J.-.., 

Pa 

Pa 

Ill , 

Ind 

Ind , 

N.C 

N.  Y 

Mo 

Me 

Pa. 

Cal 

Fla 

N.  C 

Wis , 

Mich..., 
Iowa..., 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa..., 

Kan 

Kan-.. 

N.  Y 

Oregon 
Iowa.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Minn .. 

Wis 

Mass..., 
Minn .. 

Ind 

N.  J.-.. 

Pa. 

Mo , 

Ala 

3Iich..., 

Me 

Minn .. 


2,115 
986 
447 


i,diS 


749 


6C7 


428 
1,121 
1,441 
1,335 

4,982 
670 

1,010 
670 
051 


1,421 

420 

1,744 

1,471 

1,242 

2,686 

l,61,i 

837 

1,158 

692 

639 

1,888 

1,143 

1,972 

701 

l,5i!9 

1,415 

820 

2.423 


676 

1,132 

604 


3,488 
2,160 
1,418 


3,347 
319 
777 

1,414 


22,849 
794 


1,160 


1,213 


066 

1,842 


1,634 
1,276 
3,119 


954 

79 


730 

2,659 

672 

468 

84 

2,955 

394 

736 

299 

849 

488 

662 

1,216 

1,710 

1,652 

4,958 

2,354 

1,727 

702 

1,212 

1,495 

1,627 

496 

1,713 

1,507 

1,246 

3,291 

1,630 

1,131 

814 

739 

611 

1,621 

998 

2,269 

793 

1,771 

1,373 

604 

2,798 

1,962 

1,481 

1,072 

653 

142 

61 

723 

263 

76 

330 

795 

749 

286 

94 

890 

94 

83 

30 

3,475 

2,310 

1,341 

389 

238 

0,846 

617 

1,420 

1,278 

859 

29,259 

992 

84 

133 

1,166 

95 

75 

51 

129 

1,043 

624 

366 

1,515 

2,348 

196 

62 

2,239 

l,.35l 

2,621 

110 

616 

346 

919 


Place. 


Perham p.v. 

Perkasie p.b. 

Perkins pint 

Perkins tp. 

Perkins v. 

Perkins tp. 

Perkinsvllle p.v. 

Perkiomen tp. 

PerklunienviUe p.v. 

Porloe p.v. 

Peruto p.v. 

Perrineville p.v. 

Perriuton tp. 

Perry p.v. 

Perry tp. 

Periy p.v. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry » tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Porry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perrj" tp. 

Perry p.v, 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp 

Perry tp. 

Perry „..tp. 

Perry p.v. 

Perry tp. 

Perry p.tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry... p.v. 

Porry tp. 

Perry p.v. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry p.v. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry p.v. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Porry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry ' tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry tp. 

Perry p.tp. 

Perry  Centre p.v. 

Perry  City p.v. 

Perry  dale p.h. 

Perryopolis p.v. 

Perry's  Bridge h. 

Perrysbnrg p.h. 

Perrysburg -...tp. 


Oonnfy. 


Otter  Tail »., 

Bucks , , 

Franklin 

Sagadahoc 

Delta. 

Erie 

Steuben 

Montgomery.... 
Montgomery.... 

JolTurson 

Bullock 

Monmouth 

Monroe 

Honston 

Pike 

Pike 

Allen 

Boone 

Clay 

Clinton 

Delaware 

Lawrence , 

Marion 

Martin 

Miami , 

Monroe- 

Noble- 

Tippecanoe , 

Vanderbnrg 

Wayne 

Buchanan 

Dallas 

Davis 

Jackson 

Marion 

Plymouth- 

Tama , 

Jefferson 

Woodson 

Washington 

Shiawassee 

Shiawassee 

Lnc  Qui  Purle.. 

Ralls 

St.  Franfois 

Wyoming 

Wyoming 

Allen 

Ashland , 

Brown 

Carroll 

Columbiana 

Coshocton 

Fayette 

Franklin 

Gnllia 

Hocking 

Lake 

Lake 

Lawrence- 

Licking 

Logan 

Monroe 

Montgomery... 

Morrow 

Muskingum.... 

Pickaway 

Pike 

Putnam 

Richland 

Shelby 

Stark 

Tuscarawas.-.. 

Wood 

Armstrong 

Berks , 

Clarion 

Fayette 

Greene , 

Jefferson 

Lawrence 

Mercer 

Snyder 

Dane 

Wyoming- 

Schuyler , 

Polk 

Fayette 

Vermilion 

Miami 

Cattaraugus 


SUte. 


Minn 
Pa..... 
Me.... 
Me ... 
Mich, 
Ohio., 
N.  Y. 
Pa ..., 
Pa..., 
Iowa. 
Ala.., 
N.  J.. 
NY. 
Ga.... 
III-.. 
111-.. 
Ind.. 
Ind.. 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa..., 
Iowa..., 
Iowa..., 
Iowa... 
Iowa..., 
Iowa..., 
Kan-.. 
Kan-.. 

Me 

Mich..., 
Mich... 
Minn  .. 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.  Y-.. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio- 
Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Wis 

N.  Y.... 
N.  Y.... 
Oregon 

Pa 

La 

Ind 

N.  Y-.. 


8M 


1  Sine*  1870,  are*  reduced. 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Flaca. 


Perrysbnrg. ?•▼• 

Perrygburg— h. 

Perrysburg tp. 

Perrysburg p.  v. 

Perry's  Mills p.T. 

f'errygville p-v. 

Perrysvllle p.v. 

Perrysville v. 

perrysville t. 

{•errysviUe.- ▼. 

ferryton tp. 

ferryville p.». 

Perryville p.v. 

?erryTilIe p.v. 

Perryville V. 

Perryville p.v. 

Perryville p.v. 

Persia P-tp. 

Perrifer. tp. 

Perth p.h. 

Perth p.tp. 

Perth  Amboy c 

Peru... tp. 

Peru c. 

pern tp. 

Peru c. 

?eru„ tp. 

Peru- p.v. 

Peru- p.v. 

Peru p.tp. 

Peru p.tp. 

Pern p.v. 

Peru tp. 

J>eru p.v. 

|>eni p.tp. 

i>eni tp. 

Peru tp. 

Peru p.h. 

I'em tp. 

^eruvillo p.v. 

Pescadero p.v. 

(•escadrevillo v. 

peshtigo p.tp. 

posotum p.tp. 

Petaluma. tp. 

Petnliima p.v. 

Peterborough p.tp. 

Peterborough p.v. 

peters tp. 

Meters tp. 

^etersbo  rough h. 

I^etersburg p.v. 

Mersburg p.v. 

Petersburg p.h. 

Petersburg h. 

fotersburg p.v. 

Setersburg p.v. 
etersburg p.tp. 

Petersburg tp. 

Petersburg p.v. 

Petersburg p.v. 

fetersburg h. 

fetersburg. v. 

['etersburg p.h. 

Jotorsburg v. 

fetersburg v. 

Fetersburg p.v. 

fetersburg.- U. 

|eter8burg._ c. 

'etersburg p.v. 

(cters  Creek tp. 

etersham p.tp. 

jeterson .'.....p.h. 

I'eterson tp. 

feterson p.li. 

jeterstown.™ p.v. 

Jeter's  Valley h. 

jetersville h. 

(etorsville p.  v. 

'etersville h. 

i'eterton p.v. 

ietit  Jean h. 

fetoskey p.v. 

letroleum p.h. 

jietroleum  Centre...p.v. 

lietrolia. p.b. 

iottls tp 

eltisi tp. 

.Bttisville p.v. 

jettnsville p.h. 

»"y tp. 


County. 


Cattaraugus.. 

Ashland 

Wood , 

Wood 

Clinton _ 

Vermilion 

Ashland 

Carroll 

Greene 

Jefferson 

Mercer 

Perry 

Boyle 

Cecil 

Worcester. ... 

Perry 

Madison 

Cattaraugus.. 

Knox 

Clay 

Fulton 

Bliddlesex 

La  Salle 

La  Salle 

Miami 

Miami 

Dubuque 

Madison 

Chautauqua.. 

Oxford 

Berkshire-... 

Nemaha 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Huron 

Morrow 

Bennington .. 
Bennington- 

Dunn 

Tompkins 

San  Mateo.... 
St.  Bernard... 

Marinette 

Champaign. - 

Sonoma 

Sonoma 

Hillsborough 

Madison 

Franklin 

Washington.. 

Cache 

Menard 

Pilto 

Delaware 

Leavenworth 

Boone 

Monroe 

Jackson 

Rcns-selaer... 
Rensselaer... 
Mahoning.... 

Wyandot 

Alleghany.... 
Huntingdon., 

Lancaster 

Somerset 

Lincoln 

Millard 

Dinwiddio 

Grant 

Stokos 

Worcester 

Adams 

Clay 

Morgan 

Monroe 

Sussex 

Mason 

Frederick 

Butler 

Osiige 

Yell 

Emmett 

Ritchie 

Venango 

Butler 

Adair 

Platte 

Fulton 

Limestone.... 
Lawrence 


Stole. 


N.T..... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

N.  y_... 

Ind 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

HI 

Ark 

Ky 

Md 

Mass.... 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

HI 

Ind 

N.  Y 

N.  J 

HI 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Me 

Mass .... 

Neb 

N.  Y.... 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Vt 

Vt 

Wis 

N.  Y 

Cal 

La. 

Wis 

Ill 

Cal 

Cal 

N.H.... 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Pa 

Utah.... 

HI 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Ky 

Mich.... 
Minn ... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Tenn.... 
Utah.... 

Va 

W.  Va... 

N.  C 

Mass.... 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Utah 

W.  Va.- 

N.  J 

HI 

Md 

Pa 

Kan 

Ark 

Mich.... 
W.  Va.- 

Pa 

Pa 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio 

Ala 

lU 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


4,100 
1,835 


1,085 


479 


1,220 
853 


1,013 
2,861 
3,945 
3,650 
4,732 
3,617 
889 


931 
455 


2,632 


1,297 
953 
600 


919 

4,588 


2,236 


2,603 
943 


1,792 
923 


168 
1,732 


18,950 


1,491 
1,335 


1,041 
3,943 


1,591 


371 

C9 

4,112 

1,909 

283 

645 

476 

136 

113 

117 

1,059 

256 

498 

143 

289 

754 

119 

1,370 

765 

45 

915 

4,808 

5,053 

4,632 

6,220 

5,280 

1,071 

104 

135 

825 

403 

567 

2,610 

343 

1,194 

916 

656 

29 

296 

141 

238 

162 

3,517 

1,010 

4,854 

3,326 

2,206 

330 

3,165 

955 

76 

2,332 

1,193 

77 

53 

441 

420 

243 

1,785 

815 

362 

77 

145 

381 

376 

227 

150 

89 

21,656 

268 

1,906 

1,109 

13 

228 

98 

228 

35 

32 

192 

90 

226 

86 

1,816 

67 

295 

1,186 

1,113 

2,354 

197 

88 

1,699 


Place. 


Pettysville p.h. 

Pewamo p.v. 

Pewankee tp. 

Pewaukee p.v. 

Pfeiferstown li. 

Plialanx h. 

Pharisburg p.U. 

Pharsalia p.tp. 

Pheasant  Branch. ..p.h. 

Phelps p.h. 

Phelps tp. 

Phelps p.v. 

Phelps  City p.v, 

Phenix p.v, 

Philadelphia v. 

Pliiladelphia p.v, 

Philadelphia p.v, 

Philadelphia p.v, 

Philadelphia p.tp. 

Philadelphia c. 

Philadelphia p.tp, 

Philadelphia p.v. 

Philipsburg p.b. 

Phillips tp. 

Phillips p.tp, 

Phillips p.v. 

Piiillipsburg tp. 

Phillipsburg p.v. 

Phillipsburg p.v. 

Phillipsburg c. 

Phillipsburg v. 

Phillipsburg v. 

Phillipsburg b. 

Phillipsburg v. 

Phillips  Creek p.h. 

Phillipsport p.v. 

Phillipston p.tp. 

Phil  lips  town p.v. 

Pliillipstown tp. 

Pailmont p.v, 

Philo tp. 

Philo p.v. 

I'hilomath p.v. 

Phippsburg p.tp. 

Phoenix p.v. 

Phoenix tp. 

Phoenix p.v. 

Phoenix p.v. 

Phwnixville p.b. 

Piasa tp. 

Piasa p.v. 

Piatt tp. 

Pickaway tp. 

Pickaway tp. 

Pickens tp. 

Pickens  C.  II tp. 

Pickens  C.  II p.v. 

Pickens  Station p.v. 

Pickensville p.v. 

Pickerel  Lake tp. 

Pickering p.v. 

Pickerington p.v. 

Pickwick h. 

Pickwick p.v. 

Picture  Rocks p.b. 

Piedmont. 

Piedmont 

Piedmont 

Piedmont 

Pierce tp. 

Pierce tp. 

Pierce tp. 

Pierce tp. 

Pierce tp. 

Pierce tp. 

Pierce p.h. 

Pierce tp. 

Pierce tp. 

Pierce  City- p.v. 

Pierceton - p.v. 

Pierceville p.h. 

Piermont p.tp. 

Piermont p.v. 

Pierpont p.tp. 

Pierport p.v. 

Pierrepont p.tp. 

Pierrou -.h. 

Pierson tp. 

Pierson tp. 

Pierson p.v. 

Fierz > tp. 


..p.v. 
,.p.v, 

..p.v. 

..p.h. 


Conn^. 


Livingston . 

Ionia 

Waukesha.. 
Waukesha.. 

Ellis 

Monmouth.. 

Union 

Chenango-. 

Dane 

Lawrence ... 

Ontario. , 

Ontario , 

Atchison...., 
Kent 


Stote. 


Hancock 

Neshoba 

Marion 

Jefferson 

Philadelphia. 

Darlington 

Loudon 

Centre 

White 

Franklin 

Price 

Phillips 

Phillips 

Deer  Lodge.- 

Warren 

Montgomery 

Tuscarawas , 

Beaver 

Clarion 

Alleghany 

Sullivan 

Worcester 

White 

Putnam 

Columbia , 

Champaign , 

Champaign 

Benton 

Sagadahoc 

Maricopa 

Henry 

Oswego.- 

Jackson 

Chester 

Jersey 

Macoupin 

Lycoming 

Shelby 

Pickaway 

Edgefield 

Pickens 

Pickens 

Holmes 

Pickens 

Freeborn 

Nodaway 

Fairfield 

Wapello 

Winona 

Lycoming 

Wayne 

Greenville 

Mineral 

Uintah 

De  Kalb 

Washington- 

Page 

Lawrence 

Stone 

Texas 

Pierce 

Clermont 

Kewaunee 

Lawrence 

Kosciusko 

Wyoming 

Grafton 

Rockland 

Ashtabula 

Manistee 

St.  Lawrence 

Bond 

Vigo 

Montcalm 

Montcalm .' 

Horriaou «.. 


Mich., 
Mich., 
Wis..,, 
Wis.-, 
Kan.. 
N.J... 
Ohio.., 
N.  Y... 
Wis..., 

Mo 

N.  Y.., 
N.  Y.., 

Mo 

H.  I..., 

Ill 

Ind.... 
Miss... 

Mo 

N.  Y... 

Pa 

S.C... 
Tenn., 

Pa 

HI 

Me 

Wis... 
Kan- 
Kan- 
Mon.., 
N.J... 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  Y.. 
N.  Y„ 
Mass..... 

Ill 

N.  Y.... 
N.  Y.... 

HI 

HI 

Oregon 

Me 

Arizona 

HI 

N.  Y-.. 
Oregon 

Pa 

HI 

HI 

Pa 

HI 

Ohio.... 

S.  C 

S.C 

S.C 

Miss 

Ala 

Minn..., 

Mo 

Ohio 

Iowa.... 
Minn .., 

Pa 

Mo 

S.C 

W.  Va.., 
Wyom., 

HI 

Ind 

Iowa.,.. 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Neb 

Ohio 

Wis 

Mo 

Ind 

Pa. 

N.H.... 
N.  Y..... 
Ohio-... 
Mich.... 

N.  Y 

Ill 

Ind 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn... 


Poptilation. 


1870.      1880. 


1,818 


1,141 
173 


b,VV) 

1,3.')5 

252 


1,679 
74,022 
1,590 


1,086 
1,1573 


6,9;!2 
187 


693 
6,117 


1,184 
291 


1,344 


793 
1,418 

225 
6,292 


493 

728 

1,632 

1,559 


337 
195 


1,366 


1,003 

1,179 

430 

"  781 

3C6 


1,773 

l,i:«) 

432 

1,003 


792 

1,703 

990 


2,391 


1,489 
755 


68 

318 

2,192 

660 

62 

78 

77 

1,147 

94 

69 

6,189 

1,300 

302 

1,038 

112 

18» 

101 

173 

1,750 

847,170 

1,309 

3;i2 

1,778 

2,365 

1,437 

170 

1,043 

309 

299 

7,181 

215 

170 

458 

174 

48 

C61 

621 

140 

4,375 

1,34:1 

1,367 

435 

224 

1,497 

1,708 

691 

1,312 

277 

6,082 

1,418 

148 

611 

820 

1,514 

3,9;J9 

1,850 

212 

122 

264 

630 

118 

188 

82 

124 

321 

660 

665 

1,863 

70 

907 

1,098 

1,421 

2,383 

1,.388 

474 

73 

1,984 

1,743 

1,350 

1,084 

36 

762 

1,369 

],(»46 

148 

2,494 

73 

1,707 

1,572 

373 

S2i 


>  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


365 


POPULATION  OP  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OP   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED: 


FUc«. 


jpitus  ItUnd.._ lal. 

rtffitrd ~.»..p.T. 

Plir«>n -tp. 

I>ii{<»n tp. 

P«gw)n tp. 

riKUOQ 'P- 

Ilgeon  Grove tp. 

Pigeou  Bun p.T' 

Vineou  Valley p.tp. 

Plk« ^ t|). 

Pike. »- tp. 

Pike ^ tp. 

Pike tp. 

Pike- tp. 

Pike tp. 

Pike tp. 

Pike_ ....tp. 

Pike.......... p.T. 

Plk8._ tp. 

Pike „.. tp. 

Pike - tp. 

Pike. ....tp. 

Pike tp. 

Pike tp. 

Pike tp. 

Pike tp. 

Pike.~ tp. 

Plke._ tp. 

Pike tp. 

Pike tp. 

Pike  Creek tp. 

Pike  Uill r. 

Pike  Pond p.T. 

Pike  Stiitloa p.T. 

Piketon p.h. 

Pikoton p.T. 

Pikeville p.h. 

Pikeville... p.T. 

Pikevillo.- ~ p.T. 

Pikeville— tp. 

PikeTille.„ p.T, 

Pikeville.. p.h. 

Pikeville p.T. 

Pilo^grove tp. 

Pilgrim h. 

PilUbury tp. 

Pilot tp. 

Pilot tp. 

Pilot tp. 

Pilot tp. 

pilot -.tp. 

Pilot  Grove tp. 

Tilot  Grove tp. 

Pilot  Grove p.tp. 

Pilot  Grove tp. 

Pilot  Grove p.T. 

Pilot  Grove tp. 

Pilot  Grove p.T. 

Pilot  Knob p.T. 

Pilot  Mound p.tp 

Pilot  Mound p.tp. 

Pilot  Point p.v. 

Pilot  Town h. 

Pimento p.T. 

Pinal p.T. 

Plnckney p.T. 

Plncknoy p.tp. 

Pinckney p.tp, 

Pinckney p.tp. 

Plnckneyville p.v. 

Pinckney  ville p.h. 

Plncon  nlng tp. 

Plnconnlng p.T. 

"Pine tp. 

Pine „ tp. 

Pine tp. 

"Pine tp. 

Pine - -.tp. 

Pino  I tp. 

Pine tp. 

Pine tp. 

Pine tp. 

Pine tp. 

Pine tp. 

Pine  Apple -p.T. 

Pine  Bluff c. 

Pine  Bluff... pji. 

Pine  City p.tp. 

Pine  Creek tp. 

Pine  Creek tp. 


Connly. 


St  Mary's. 

I.lvingatou.... 
Vanderburg... 

Warrick 

naywuod- 

Trempealeau . 

Iroquois 

Stark 

Haywood 

Livlngstoo .... 

Jay- 

Marion 

Ohio 

Warren- 

MuHcatlne-..., 

Lyon 

Stoddard 

Wyoming  »,... 

Wyoming 

Brown 

Clark 

Coshocton 

Fulton 

Knox 

Madidon 

Perry 

Stark.- 

Berks 

Bradford 

Clearfield 

Potter 

Shannon 

Orange. 

Sulllvaa 

Wayne 

Stoddard 

Pike 

Marion 

Pike 

Pike 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Darke 

Bledsoe- 

Salem 

Clarion.- 

Swift 

Kankakee 

VennilioM , 

Cherokee 

Iowa 

Surry , 

Hancock 

Montgomery., 

Faribault , 

Cooper 

Cooper 

Moniteau...... 

Grayson 

Iron 

Boone 

Fillmore 

Denton 

Cecil 

Vigo 

Pinal 

Livingston .... 

Warren 

Lewis 

Union 

Perry  

Livingston.... 

Bay 

Bay 

Benton 

Porter , 

Warren 

Montcalm.... 
Alleghany....  c 
Armstrong.... 

Columbia 

Crawford 

Indiana , 

Lycoming 

Mercer 

Wilcox 

.Jefferson 

Laramie 

Pine 

Ogle 

Madison 


BUta. 


La. 

N.  Y 

Ind 

Ind 

N.C-.. 
Wis.-.. 

m. 

Ohio-.., 
N.  0-.., 

HI , 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind , 

Iowa... 
Kan-.. 

Mo 

N.  Y-.. 

N.  Y 

Ohio-.., 
Ohio-.., 
Ohio-.., 
Ohio-.., 
Ohio-.., 
Ohio-.., 
Ohio-.., 
Ohio-.. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Mo 

Vt 

N.  Y„.. 
Ohio-.. 

Mo 

Ohio- 
Ala 

Ind 

Ky 

N,  C„.. 
X.  0 ... 
Ohio-.. 
Tenn .. 
N.J-.. 

Pa 

Minn.. 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 
N.  C... 

Ill 

Iowa... 
Minn .. 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Tex 

Mo 

Iowa... 
Minn  .. 

Tex 

Md 

Ind 

Arizona 
Mich... 

Mo 

N.  Y„.. 

S.  C 

HI 

Ky 

Mich... 
Mich... 

lud 

Ind 

Ind 

Mich... 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa- 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Ala..... 

Ark 

Wyom, 
Minn .. 

Ill 

N.  C— 


Population. 


1870.       1880, 


1,075 
l.MO 


847 

1,585 

2,200 

921 

941 

740 

693 

1,421 

1,730 

651 

1,314 

1,682 

773 

878 

1,301 

394 

2,319 

1,333 

925 

1.814 

1,138 

184 

165 


140 
1,720 


188 
3,385 


1,140 
1,332 


623 
1,311 
1,217 


1.' 
1,024 


681 
747 
945 


1,018 

1,149 

2,413 

773 


623 
474 

1,0.52 
283 
718 

1,642 
751 
343 
921 
627 

1,236 


2,081 


220 
1,215 

887 


90 

IM 

1,274 

1,927 

l,23;i 

793 

716 

247 

C58 

990 

1,760 

2,423 

852 

1,100 

1,086 

987 

1,834 

1,797 

644 

1,339 

1,758 

720 

990 

1,307 

548 

3,069 

1,614 

921 

1,496 

1,441 

281 

340 

239 

120 

293 

60 

6G5 

67 

108 

246 

2,165 

122 

90 

145 

3,497 

96 

231 

1,289 

1,523 

631 

884 

1,967 

1,229 

878 

324 

1,467 

209 

1,478 

134 

1,359 

658 

1,002 

790 

88 

129 

166 

427 

1,119 

1,152 

3,127 

964 

68 

738 

300 

656 

697 

972 

1,029 

773 

728 

911 

385 

1,189 

640 

1,652 

358 

3,203 

47 

600 

1,199 

738 


Place. 


Pine  CreeV tp. 

Pine  Creek tp. 

Piue  Flats u.v. 

Plue  Ground u. 

Pine  Grove p.T. 

Pine  Grove tp. 

Pine  Grove v. 

Pine  Grove tp. 

Piue  Grove p.h. 

Pino  Grove. tp. 

Pine  Grove tp, 

Pino  Grove- tp. 

Piue  Grove tp. 

Pine  Grove tp. 

Pine  Grove  Mills... p.T, 

Piue  Island tp. 

Pino  iHlaiid p.v. 

Pine  Island p.h. 

Pino  Level p.v. 

Pine  Meadow p-V, 

Piueo  polls h. 

Pine  Plains tp. 

Piue  Plains tp. 

Pine  PlaiuB p.T. 

PineUiver h. 

Pine  Kiver tp. 

Pinellivcr tp. 

Pine  River p.T. 

Pine  lU>ck tp. 

Piue  Itun p.T. 

Pine  Station t. 

Pine  Station p.h. 

Pine  Swamp tp. 

Pine  Valley p.T, 

Pine  Valley tp. 

Pine  Village p.v. 

Pineville p.h. 

•Pineville p.T, 

Pineville tp. 

Pineville p.T. 

Pineville tp. 

Pineville p.v. 

Pineville p.h. 

Pin  e  wood p.v. 

Plney tp, 

Pluey tp. 

Plney tp. 

Plney p.tp. 

Piney  Creek v. 

Plney  Creek tp. 

Plney  Creek tp. 

Piney  Grove -.tp. 

Pink  Hill p.h. 

Pink  Hill p.tp. 

Pin  Oak tp. 

Pinora .tp. 

Pinos  Altos p.v, 

Pinsou...  _ -p.T, 

Pioche —p.T, 

Pioneer tp. 

Pioneer tp. 

Pioneer p.tp. 

Pioneer p.tp. 

Pioneer p.v. 

Pioneer p.v. 

Pioneer b. 

PioueervlUe v. 

Pipe h. 

Pipe  Creek tp. 

Pipe  Creek tp. 

Piper  City p.v, 

PiporsviUe p.h. 

Pipestone p.tp. 

Pipe  Stone p.v. 

Piqu-a c. 

Piscataway tp, 

Piscataway h. 

Pisgah p.h. 

Pisgah p.h. 

Pitcairn p.tp. 

Pitcher tp. 

Pitcher tp. 

Pitcher p.T. 

Pitkin p.v. 

Pitman tp. 

Pitt p.tp, 

Pittsborough -p.v, 

PittslK)rough p.v. 

Pittsburg p.v. 

Pittsburg h. 

Pittsburg p.h. 


Connty, 


Clinton , 

Jffferson 

Indiana , 

Merrimao- 

Amador 

Van  Buren 

Mercer „,,. 

Schuylkill 

Schuylkill 

Venango 

Warren 

Kdgufield 

Orangeburg.... 

Portage 

Centre 

Goo<lliue 

Goodhue 

Orange 

Johnson 

Litchfield 

Cbarlcston 

Allegan 

Dutchess 

Dutchess , 

Bay 

Gratiot 

Lincoln 

Waushara 

Ogle 

Genesee 

Eureka 

Clinton.- 

Ashe 

Chemung 

Clark 

Warreu 

Bell 

Rapides 

McDonald 

McD'>nald 

Mecklenburg.. 
Mecklenburg., 

Bucks 

Hickman 

Oregon 

Pulaski.- 

Texas 

Clarion 

Kent 

Alleghany 

Ashe 

Sampson 

Jackson 

Lenoir 

Madison 

Lake 

Grant , 

Madison 

Lincoln. 

Cedar 

Rice 

Rush 

Missaukee , 

Deer  Lodge 

Williams 

Venango 

Bois6 

Fond  du  Lac- 
Madison 

Miami 

Ford 

Jefferson 

Berrien 

Pipe  Stone 

Miami 

Middlesex 

Middlesex 

Cooper 

Butler 

St.  Lawrence.. 

Clierokee 

Chenango 

Chenango 

Gunnison 

Montgomery .. 

Wyandot 

Hendricks 

Calhoun 

Carroll 

Sullivan 

Vuu  Buren 


Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  H.... 

Cal 

Mich.... 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa- 

Pa 

Pa 

S.  0 

s.c 

wis 

Pa 

Minn  ... 
Minn.- 
N.  Y-... 

N.  C 

Conn.... 

S.C 

Mich..., 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Mich..., 
Mich.... 

Wis. 

Wis.-.., 

Ill 

Mich..., 

Nev 

Pa 

N.  C 

N.  Y-... 

Wis 

Ind 

Ky 

La 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  0 

N.  C 

Pa 

Tenn  ... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Pa 

Md 

N.C-.., 

N.C 

N.  C 

Mo 

N.  C 

Ill 

Mich.... 
N.Mex 
Tenn.... 

Nev 

Iowa..., 
Kan-... 

Kan 

Mich..- 

Mon 

Ohio 

Pa 

Idaho... 

Wis 

Ind 

Ind 

Ill 

Wis 

Mich.... 
Minn ... 

Ohio 

N.  J 

N.  J 

Mo 

Ohio 

N.  Y 

Iowa.... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Col 

Ill 

Ohio 

Ind 

Miss 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 


366 


>  In  1878,  part  to  Boggs. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Pittoburgw tp. 

mtteburg h. 

inttsburg p.h. 

Pittsburg p.tp, 

IMttgburg V. 

^'ittHburg c. 

i'itlsburg p.v. 

i'ittsfield tp. 

Piltsfleld p.v. 

Pittsfield tp. 

fittsfiold p.v. 

Pittsfield c. 

i'ittefield p.tp. 

Pittsfield tp. 

Pittsfield p.v. 

tittsfield p.tp, 

Pittsfield p.tp, 

i'ittsfield p.tp. 

Pittsfield tp. 

Pittsfield.. p.v. 

i'ittsfield tp. 

Pittsford tp. 

Pittsford tp. 

Pittsford.- p.v. 

Pittsford tp. 

Pittsford p.v. 

Pittsford p.tp, 

Pittsgrove p.tp, 

PittBton tp. 

tittston p.v. 

Pittston p.b. 

Pittstoni tp. 

Pittstowii p.v. 

iPittstown p.tp. 

Pittsville p.h. 

iPittsTille p.h. 

Pittsville p.v. 

Pixley tp. 

jPIacervillo tp, 

Placerville.„ p.v. 

Placcrville p.v. 

Placitus V. 

Plain tp. 

I'lain tp. 

i'lain tp. 

Plain p.tp. 

fluin tp. 

Plain  City p.v. 

Plainfield tp. 

Plaiiificld„ p.T, 

Plainfipld tp. 

Plainfield p.T, 

Plainfield p.v, 

Plainfield p.tp. 

Plainfield  » tp. 

Plainfield tp. 

Plainfield p.v. 

Plainfield tp. 

IPlainfield p.h. 

Plainfield c. 

Plainfield tp. 

Plainfield v. 

Plainfield p.v. 

Plainfield p.v. 

iPlainfield tp. 

Plainfield tp. 

Plainfield p.v. 

Plainfield tp. 

ijPlaiufield p.v. 

{Plain  Grove p.tp. 

Plains p.tp. 

!'?laiusburg p.v. 

plainview p.v. 

i'lain  View tp. 

pUinview tp. 

f'lainview p.v. 

^Mainville p.tp, 

slainville p.h. 

{I'lainville p.tp, 

i'lainvillo p.v. 

'lainville p.v. 

'lainvillo v. 

,'lainville v. 

'lainwell p.v. 

t'laistow _.p.tp. 

I'tanewcU v. 

i'laao p.T, 

'lano p.tp. 

'lano 


p.v. 

'lantersvillo p.v. 

'laquemiue p.v. 


County. 


Mitchell 

Mitchell 

Hickory 

Coos 

Wayne 

Alleghany 

Camp 

Pike 

Pike 

Somerset 

Somerset 

Berkshire 

Washtenaw.-... 

Merrimac- 

Merrimac- 

Otsego „ 

Lorain 

Warren 

Rutland 

Rutland 

Brown 

Butler 

Hillsdale 

Hillsdale 

Monroe 

Monroe 

Rutland™ , 

Salem 

Kennebec 

Kennebec 

Luzerne 

Luzerne 

Hunterdon 

Rensselaer 

Johnson 

Fort  Bend. 

Wood 

Clay 

El  Dorado 

El  Dorado 

Boise 

Bernalillo 

Kosciusko- 

Franklin 

Stark 

Wayne 

Wood 

Madison 

Windham 

Windham- 

Will 

Will 

Bremer 

Hampshire 

Iosco 

Kent 

Livingston 

Sullivan 

Sullivan 

Union 

Otsego 

Queens 

Coshocton 

Cumberland...., 
Northampton.. 
Washington-.. 
Washington-.. 

Waushara 

Waushara- 

Lawrence 

Luzerne 

Merced 

Macoupin 

Phillips 

Wabasha 

Wabiisha 

PiM-tford 

Daviess- 

Books 

Ononilaga 

Hamiltuu- 

Providence 

Washington-.. 

Allegan 

Rockingham... 

Adams 

Tulare 

Kendall 

Collin 

Georgetown.... 
Iberville 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


Ean- 
Kan- 
Mo.... 
N.H. 
Ohio- 
Pa 

Tex„. 

Ill 

Ill 

Me.... 
Me.... 
Mass. 
Mich. 
N.U.... 
N.  H., 
N.  Y- 
Ohio-, 

Pa. 

Vt 

Vt 

Wis..., 
Iowa. 
Mich. 
Mich., 
N.  Y„ 
N.  Y- 

Vt 

N.  J 

Me 

Me  .... 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  J-.. 
N.  Y„. 

Mo 

Tex-.. 
Wis.... 

lU 

Cal 

Cal 

Idaho. 

N.  Mex. 

Ind. 

Ohio. 

Ohio, 

Ohio, 

Ohio, 

Ohio, 

Conn.... 

Conn... 

Ill 

HI 

Iowa... 
Mass..., 
Mich.., 
Mich... 
Mich... 
N.  H-.. 

N.n.., 

N.J..... 
N.  Y..., 
N.  Y„., 
Ohio-.. 

Pa. 

Pa , 

Vt 

Vt 

Wis...., 

Wis 

Pa. , 

Pa- 

Cal...... 

Ill 

Kan.-. 
Minn ., 
Minn .. 
Conn... 

Ind 

Kan-.. 
N.  Y-. 
Ohio... 

R.  I 

R.  I-.. 
Mich.. 
N.H-. 

Ill 

Cal .... 

Ill 

Tex .-. 
S.  C... 
La 


400 


86,076 


2,799 
1,C21 
1,813 


11,112 
1,121 
1,600 


1,469 

980 

1,260 

482 


685 

612 

1,676 


1,974 
606 
2.127 
1,667 
2,353 


6,700 
4,447 


4,093 


1,617 

2,624 

1,562 

318 


1,490 
1,293 
2,226 
1,837 
1,719 
467 
4,521 


1,760 
723 


621 

122 

1,499 


1,589 


5,096 
1,248 


1,988 
726 


776 
4,018 


728 

637 

1,433 


l,o:i5 
879 


1,460 


629 

36 

91 

681 

124 

166.389 

746 

3,264 

2,104 

1,909 

967 

13.364 

1,233 

1,974 

1,184 

1,450 

976 

1,740 

655 

180 

712 

730 

1,614 

134 

2,236 

756 

1,982 

1,778 

2,458 

976 

7,472 

2,666 

100 

4,096 

30 

76 

163 

1,666 

2,949 

1,961 

426 

283 

1,467 

1,270 

2,540 

1,993 

1,985 

908 

4,021 

238 

1,713 

686 

293 

457 

61 

1,608 

109 

1,372 

76 

8,126 

1,195 

107 

800 

202 

2,468 

729 

297 

1,109 

348 

788 

6,354 

143 

182 

272 

675 

6C8 

1,930 

91 

651 

138 

200 

150 

191 

1,356 

1,002 

152 

181 

1,782 

556 

173 

2,061 


Place. 


Plato .........tp. 

Plato p.h. 

Platte tp. 

Platte tp. 

Platte p.tp. 

Platte* -..tp. 

Platte tp. 

Platte  «- tp. 

Platte tp. 

Platte  Centre p.h. 

Platte  City p.v. 

Plattekill tp. 

Plattokill p.T. 

Platteville tp. 

Platteville p.T. 

PlatteTille tp. 

Platteville p.T. 

Plattin p.tp. 

Plattonville h. 

Plattsburg p.b. 

Plattsburg p.v. 

Plattsburg tp. 

Plattsburg p.v. 

Plattsburg p.h. 

Plattsmouth c. 

Piatt  Springs tp. 

Plattsville p.T. 

Plattville p.T. 

Plaza  del  Alcalde...p.T. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant p.tp, 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant. tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant - tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant —.tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant...... tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant tp. 

Pleasant  Brook— ...p.b. 
Pleasant  Corner. ...h. 

Pleasant  Dale p.tp. 

Pleasant  Gap p.v. 

Pleasant  Gap tp. 

Pleasant  Gap p.v. 

Pleasant  Garden...  h. 
Pleasant  Garden  ...p.b. 

Pleasant  Grove tp. 

Pleasant  Grove tp. 

Pleasant  Grove p.h. 

Pleasant  Grove tp. 

Pleasant  Grove tp. 

Pleasant  Grove tp. 

Pleasant  Grove tp. 

Pleasant  Grove tp. 

Pleasant  Grove p.v. 

Pleasant  Grove p.tp. 

Pleasant  Grove tp. 

Pleasant  GroTe tp. 

Pleasant  GroTe p.b. 

Pleasant  Grove p.T. 


County. 


Kane„...._....... 

McLeod 

Taylor 

Union 

Benzie...... 

Andrew 

Buchanan 

Clay 

Clinton 

Platte 

Platte- 

Ulster...- 

Ulster. 

Mills 

Taylor. 

Grant 

Grant...- 

Jcfierson 

Assumption-.-, 

Winston 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Clinton.-... 

Clark 

Cass 

Lexington 

Shelby , 

Kendall 

Rio  Aniba 

Fulton , 

Allen- 

Grant 

Johnson 

La  Porte 

Porter 

Steuben 

Switzerland 

Wabash 

Appanoose 

Cass , 

Hardin— 

Lucas 

Monroe- 

Pottawattamie. 

Poweshiek 

Union , 

Wapello , 

Winneshiek. 

Wright 

Butler. 

Coffey 

Harvey 

Lincoln 

Brown 

Clark 

Fairfield 

Franklin 

Hancock 

Hardin 

Henry 

Knox 

Logan 

Madison 

Marion- 

Perry 

Putnam 

Senera 

Van  Wert 

Warren 

Otsego 

Leiiigh.- 

Rush - 

Cherokee.- 

Bates 

Centre 

Putnam 

Guilford 

Coles 

Des  Moines 

Des  Moines 

Floyd 

Mahaska 

Marion 

Greenwood 

Olmsted 

Olmsted 

Alamance 

Johnson 

Randolph 

Belmont 

Utah 


State. 


ni 

Minn ... 
Iowa..- 
Iowa.... 
Mich.... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Neb.-... 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Iowa. ... 
Iowa.... 

Wis 

Wis 

Mo 

La 

Miss 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Neb 

S.0 

Ohio 

111 

N.  Mex. 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.-. 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
lowa..- 
Kan— . 
Kan— . 

Kan 

Kan 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio-.- 

Ohio 

Ohio—. 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

N.  Y-... 

Pa 

Kau-... 

Ala 

Mo 

Pa 

Ind 

N.C 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.-. 

Kan 

Minu ... 
Minn.- 

N.  C 

N.  C.-... 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Utah .... 


Population. 


1870.     1880. 


1,004 


163 
665 
181 
3,416 
1,169 
3,086 
1,631 


699 
2,031 


3,683 
2,537 
1,217 


1,067 
8,414 
6,139 


1,944 
679 


1,686 
1,280 
1,575 
2,170 
814 
615 
2,071 
2,145 
2,553 
1,101 

""sii 

632 
1.! 


646 
663 
1,166 
994 
332 


2,606 

1,553 

2,327 

1,833 

1,336 

4,002 

860 

851 

994 

1,330 

1,078 

655 

1,953 

1,352 

3,683 

386 


1,634 


1,673 
1,023 


442 
875 

1,445 
402 

1,071 


1,246 
1,535 
1,218 


98S 
49 

1,367 

963 

170 

1,610 

1,21S 

2,362 

1,389 

47 

670 

2,206 

674 

1,096 

168 

3,813 

V:,687 

1,692 

99 

47 

1,344 

8,283 

6,245 

63 

4,178 

851 

104 

118 

168 

1,937 

1,041 

l,64:t 

2,573 

674 

892 

2,483 

2,024 

2,184 

1,010 

1,174 

1,180 

896 

1,350 

655 

707 

682 

1,034 

926 

694 

C29 

1,021 

687 

803 

2,940 

1,681 

2,281 

2,291 

1,866 

6,492 

1,773 

1,032 

1,123 

1,433 

1,188 

1,053 

8,013 

1,417 

6,413 

396 

94 

76 

474 

120 

1,453 

176 

66 

IS 

1,490 

1,150 

97 

055 

912 

1,567 

609 

Sit 

200 

1,514 

1,850 

1,370 

«» 

i.ns 


>  Since  1870,  part  to  Marcy.  «  In  1878,  part  to  Wilber.  »  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


*  Since  1870,  part  to  Keamej. 
367 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATE3. 


CENSUS  BKTURN3  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Pbo*. 


PlMmnt  U«ll...»..p.T. 

Pl«MliIlt  Kill  .. p.T. 

PleHwnt  Ulll ~p.h. 

PleMaiit  Hill tp. 

Pleaauit  Hill p.r. 

Pleaaaiit  Hill h. 

Plemmnt  Hill tp. 

Pleasant  Hill p.T. 

Pleamiit  Ulll tp. 

PleHSHIlt  Hill p.T. 

Pleaaaut  Hill tp. 


Pleamnt  Hill... 
Pleamiit  Hill... 
Pleaaniit  Hill.... 
Pleasant  Hill.... 
Pleasant  Hope .. 
Pleasant  Lake .. 
Pleaaaut  Mills.. 
Pleasant  Hills.. 
Pleasant  Mound.. 


..p.T. 

.h. 

.p.T. 

.p.tp, 

,.p.h. 

.p.T. 
.p.T. 
,.p.h. 
p.T, 


Pleasant  Moands...p.tp. 
Pleasant  Mount.... p.h. 

Pleasauton p.T. 

Pleasanton p.T. 

Pleasauton p.tp. 


..p.v. 
..p.T. 

..p.T. 
.p.T. 
..p.T. 


Pleasauton 
Pleasuuton 
Pleastiut  Plain . 
Pleasant  Plain . 
Pleasant  Plains 

Pleasant  Plains tp, 

Pleasant  Plains .. 
Pleasant  Prairie. ...p.tp. 
Pleasant  Prairie. ...p.tp, 

Pleasant  Kidge tp. 

Pleasant  Kidge tp. 

Pleasant  Bidge tp. 

Pleasant  Kidge pl'n. 

Pleasant  Run tp. 

Pleasant  Kua p.T, 

Pleaaaut  Springs. ..tp. 

Pleasant  Unity p.T. 

Pleasant  Vale tp. 

Pleasant  Valle3' p.T, 

Pleasant  Valley  ...-p.tp. 
Pleasant  Valley. .._tp. 

Ploosuut  Valley tp. 

Pleasant  Valley tp. 

Pleasant  Valley tp. 

Pleasant  Valleyi...tp. 

Pleasant  Valley p.tp. 

Pleasant  Valley tp. 

Pleasant  Valley tp. 

Pleasant  Valley tp. 

Pleasant  Valley tp. 

Pleasant  Valley tp. 

Pleasant  Valley tp. 

Pleasant  Valley tp. 

Pleasant  Valley. ..-tp. 
Pleasant  Valley_...p.T. 
Pleasant  Valley„...b. 

Pleasant  Valley h. 

Pleasant  Valley-. ..tp. 
Pleasant  Volley-. ..tp. 
Pleasant  Valley-...p.tp. 

Pleasant  View tp. 

Pleasant  View t. 

Pleasant  View p.tp. 

Pleasant  View p.tp. 

Pleosantville T. 

Pleosantville _t. 

Pleasautville ...p.T. 

Pleasantville p.T. 

Pleosantville b. 

Pleasantville p.b. 

Pleasnreville p.T, 

PleosureTlIle t. 

Plesis p.T. 

Pl«Tna p.tp. 

Plomosa h. 

PloTer tp. 

PloTer p.T. 

Plowden's  Hill tp. 

Piackemin -.p.T. 

Plum .....tp. 

Plum tp. 

Plnm p.tp. 

Plumas tp. 

Plnm  Creek tp. 

Plnm  Creek .p.T. 

Plum  Creek Ju 


Ooantgr. 


FrankUn.« 

Dallaa ^ 

Talbot......~...~. 

Pike 

Pike ~. ~ 

Delaware 

Winona 

De  Soto 

Cass .... 

Cass 

Sullivan. ...M.... 

Saline 

Clermont-. .....M 

HUmi 

Lancaster........ 

Polk 

Steuben 

Adams 

Atlantic 

Bond.- 

Blue  Earth....... 

Miller 

Decatur- 

Linn , 

Manistee > 

Athens , 

Atascosa. , 

Jefferson 

Warren 

Sangamon....... 

Lake 

Klchmond ., 

Martin 

Kenosha 

Livingston 

Lee 

Pawnee , 

Somerset 

Lawrence 

Hunterdon 

Dane 

Westmoreland. 

Pike 

Litchfield 

Jo  Daviess 

Carroll 

Cerro  Gordo 

Fayette.- 

Grundy 

Johnson 

Scott 

Webster 

Cowley 

Pawnee 

Saline 

Wilson 

Mower , 

Wright 

Dutchess 

Dutchess 

Luzerne 

Northampton.-. 

Potter 

Eau  Claire 

St.  Croix ~... 

Macon 

Shelby 

Cherokee- 

Emmett 

Cumberland 

Pike 

Marion 

Fairfield. 

Bedford 

Venango 

Henry 

York 

Jefferson 

Reno..... 

Yuma 

Portage 

Portage 

Clarendon 

Somerset 

Phillips 

Alleghany 

Venango 

Plumas 

Mitchell 

Dawson 

Alleghany 


Bute. 


Pa 

AU 

Oa 

ni- 

Ill „ 

Ind 

Minn... 

Miss 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Neb 

Ohio 

Ohio 

S.  C 

Mo 

Ind 

Ind. 

N.  J 

111 

Minn... 

Mo 

Iowa.... 

Kan-... 

lUch.... 

Ohio-, 

Tex... 

Iowa., 

Ohio-, 

III 

Mich.. 
N.  Y-, 
Minn 
Wis.-. 

Ill 

Iowa., 
Kan„ 
Me .... 
Ind..., 
N.  J  „ 
AVis.-. 
Pa-.... 

Ill 

Conn.. 

Ill 

Iowa.. 

Iowa., 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.. 

Iowa.. 

Iowa. . 

Iowa.. 

Kan-. 

Kan-., 

Kan-. 

Kan... 

Minn ... 

Mo... 

N.Y-. 

N.Y- 

Pa-... 

Pa-... 

Pa. 

Wis.-. 
Wis.- 

111 

Ind... 
Kan- 
Mich. 

Ill 

Ind... 
Iowa. 
Ohio- 
Pa-... 
Pa-... 
Ky.„. 
Pa..... 
NY- 
Kan- 
Arizona 
Wis, 
Wis. 
S.  C. 
N.J 
Kan 
Pa-.. 
Pa... 
Cal. 
Kan 
Neb. 
Pa-. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


1,4U 

230 


3,602 

2,664 

634 


324 
1,624 


448 
122 


408 

1,377 

809 

972 


136 
699 


1,065 


1,188 


043 


1,119 
402 

1,189 
761 


470 
319 


1,963 


140 

348 
692 
899 


1,698 


1,.300 

1,140 

640 


407 
193 
91 

1,485 
276 
43 
819 
173 

8,073 

2,372 

1,052 

116 

72 

461 

S,426 
80 
461 
136 
90 
174 
696 
89 
117 
709 
481 
107 
S93 
202 
161 
417 
350 
489 
238 

1,386 
737 
903 
326 
128 

1,768 
184 

1,278 
298 

1,823 
189 
923 
493 
319 

1,601 
880 
604 
821 
906 

1,099 
913 
426 
848 
699 
722 

1,786 
429 

1,913 
61 
211 
941 
693 

1,331 
118 

1,107 
418 
116 
129 
449 
334 
227 
855 
176 
246 
214 
198 
39 

1,220 
412 
065 
VM 
665 

1,721 

1,116 

1,057 

673 

844 

93 


PiMfc 


Plum  Creek tp. 

Plumer p.T. 

Plum  Grove p.tp. 

Plummer's  Landing.p.h 

Plummerville p.T. 

Plumstead tp. 

Plumsteadvllle p.T. 

Plumsted tp. 

PlumTllle p.T. 

Plunkett's  Creek... tp. 

Plymouth p.T. 

Plymouth tp. 

Plymouth p.T. 

Plymouth p.T. 

Plymouth o. 

Plymouth p.T. 

Plymouth tp. 

Plymouth p.b. 

Plymouth tp. 

Plymouth p.tp, 

Plymouth p.tp. 

Plymouth tp. 

Plymouth p.T. 

Plymouth tp. 

Plymouth tp. 

Plymouth p.v. 

Plymouth tp. 

Plymouth p.T. 

Plymouth tp. 

Plymouth p.T. 

Plymouth tp. 

Plymouth t. 

Plymouth tp. 

Plymouth p.T. 

Plymouth p.b. 

Plymouth tp. 

Plymouth tp. 

Plymouth p.tp. 

Plymouth tp. 

Plymouth tp. 

Plymouth tp. 

Plymouth p.T. 

Plymouth p.tp. 

Plympton p.tp. 


-p.v. 
....p.T. 
...p.T. 
,...p.h. 
...p.h. 

.p.T. 


Poca 

Pocahontas.. 
Pocahontas.. 
Pocahontas.. 
Pocahontas.. 
Pocahontas.. 
Pocahontas  Centre.p.h. 

Pocasset -..p.v. 

Pocket p.tp. 

Pocomoke  City p.T. 

Pocono tp. 

Pocopson -p.tp. 

Pocotaligo tp. 

Poe tp. 

Poestenkill -tp. 

Poestenkill p.T. 

Point tp. 

Point tp. 

Point tp. 

Point  Clear p.h. 

Point  Douglas p.T. 

Point  Isabel p.T. 

Point  of  Rocks p.T. 

Point  Pleasant tp. 

Point  Pleasant p.T. 

Point  Pleasant p.T. 

Point  Pleasant p.T. 

Point  Pleasant t. 

Point  Pleasant p.h. 

Point  Pleasant p.v. 

Pointville p.T. 

Pokagon -.tp. 

Pokagon p.T. 

Poland tp. 

Poland p.tp. 

Poland tp. 

Poland p.T. 

Poland tp. 

Poland p.T. 

Polk -tp. 

Polk tp. 

Polk -.tp. 

Polk -.tp. 

Polk _.tp. 

Polk -.tp. 

Polk -.tp. 

Polk -.tp. 


Coanty. 


Armstrong ......... 

Venango 

Butler 

Fleming 

Conway 

Bucks 

Bucks 

Ocean 

Indiana 

Lycoming 

Anmdor 

Litchfield 

Litchfield 

Hancock 

Marshall 

Cerro  Gordo 

Plymouth 

Lyon 

Russell 

Penobscot 

Plymouth 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Hennepin 

Grafton 

Grafton 

Chenango 

Chenango 

Wnshington 

Washington 

Ashtabula 

Montgomery 

Richland 

Richland 

Luzerne 

Luzerne 

Montgomery 

Windsor 

Juneau 

Rock 

Sheboygan  

Sheboygan  

Windsor. 

Plymouth 

Putnam 

Randolph  - 

Bond 

Cape  Girardeau.. 

Somerset 

Hardeman 

I'ocahontas 

BarnB  table 

Moore 

Worcester 

Monroe- 

Chester 

Hampton 

Ringgold 

Rensselaer 

Rensselaer 

Calhoun 


Northumberland. 

Baldwin 

Washington- 

Clermont.- 

Frederick 

Warren 

New  Madrid 

Ocean 

Clermont 

Guernsey 

Bucks 

Mason 

Burlington 

Cass 

Cass 

Buena  Vista- 

Androscoggin 

Chautauqua 

Herkimer 

Mahoning 

Mahoning 

Calhoun 

Macoupin 

Huntington 

Marshall 

Monroe 

Washington 

Benton 

Bremer.- 


State. 


Pa..„ 

Ph.... 

Kan 

Ky.. 

Ark. 

Pa-., 

Pb„., 

N.J 

Pa..., 

Ph.... 

ChI. 

Conn.... 

Conn.. 

Ill 

Ind.... 
Iowa.. 
Iowa... 
Kan-. 
Kan  „. 

Me 

Mitss.. 
Mich.. 
Mich.. 
Minn . 
N.  H... 
N.  H„. 
N.Y-... 

N.  Y 

N.  C 

N.C 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Vt 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

AVis 

Vt 

Mass... 
W.  Va. 
Ark.-.. 

Ill 

Mo 

Pa. 

Tenn .., 
Iowa... 
Mass... 
N.  C... 

Md 

Pa 

Pa 

S.  0 

Iowa.... 
N.  Y-.., 

N.  Y 

111 

Ind 

Pa 

Ala 

Minn... 
Ohio-.- 

Md 

Ill 

Mo 

N.  J 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

AV.  Va„ 
N.  J-.. 
Mich... 
Mich..., 
Iowa.... 

Me 

N.Y-... 
N.Y-... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ark 

HI 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 


868 


>  In  1870,  part  to  Lincoln. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


iPolk 

iPolk 

Polk 

.Polk- 

■Polk 

;PoIk 

■Polk 

iPolk- 

Polk 

Polk 

,Polk 

Polk- 

;Polk ... 

iPolk 

■Polk- 

;Polk 

iPolk 

iPolk 

■Polk 

jPolk- 

IPolk 

Polk  City 


-tp. 
..tp. 
,.tp. 
,.tp. 
..tp. 
,.tp. 
,.tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp, 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 

..p.T. 

..tp. 

..tp. 

..tp. 

..tp. 

..p.v. 


Connty. 


Polkton tp. 

(Polkton p.T. 

Polktown V. 

iPollard - p.v. 

iPoUock p.v. 

IPoIlocksvIUe tp. 

jPollocksville p.h. 

iPoUysbnrg v. 

{Polo p.v. 

iPolo p.h. 

jPomeroy p.v. 

iPomeroy -...c. 

jPomeroy p.h. 

;Pomfret p.tp, 

jPomfret tp. 

iPomfret ., p.tp. 

iPomme  de  Terre...p.tp. 

iPomo h. 

{Pomoua p.v. 

jPompey p.tp. 

jPompey  SuiaHh v. 

iPompton  « tp. 

•Ponipton p.v. 

jPonca p.v. 

(PoDcliatoula p.v. 

jPoncho  Springs p.v. 

iPond  Creek tp. 

iPond  Creek  Colliery  .v. 

iPoDsett h. 

iPontiac tp. 

^ODtiac p.T. 

^ODtiac c. 

tPoDtiac tp. 

pontine p.v. 

^ontooguc tp. 

jPontoosuc p.v. 

Pontotoc p.v. 

iPoolesville p.v. 

iPoolville p.T. 

Tope tp. 

iPope's  Depot p.v. 

Tope'g  Mills p.h. 

'Poplar tp. 

(Poplar  Bluff. tp. 

(Poplar  Bluff. p.v. 

poplar  Branch p.tp. 

jPoplar  City p.h. 

jPoplar  Grove p.v. 

Poplar  Grove v. 

iPoplar  Grove p.h. 

JVplar  Plains p.v. 

Poplar  Springs p.h. 

Poplar  Tent tp. 

[Poqnetannock p.v. 

Portage tp. 

fortage tp. 

portage tp. 

P'ortage h. 

iPortage p.tp, 

jPortage tp. 

tPortage tp. 

(Portage tp. 

portage tp. 

IPortage tp. 

Portage. tp. 

rptt«ge. p.v. 

Postage. tp. 

fortage p.b. 

ortage tp. 

'ortage tp. 

'ortage. p.v. 


Jefferson 

Marion 

Shelby 

Taylor 

Wapello 

Adair 

Atchison 

Cass 

Christian 

Dade 

De  Kalb 

Madison 

Nodaway 

Kay 

St.  Clair 

Sullivan 

Ashland 

Crawford 

Jefferson 

Monroe- 

Washington.. 

Polk 

Ottawa 

Anson 

New  Castle... 

Escambia 

Sullivan 

Jones 

Jones 

Fleming 

Ogle 

Caldwell 

Calhoun 


Chester , 

Windham , 

Chautauqua 

Windsor , 

Grant 

Mendocino 

Franklin 

Onondaga 

Alleghany 

Passaic 

Passaic 

Dixon 

Tangipahoa.... 

Chaffee 

Greene 

Luzerne 

Middlesex 

Livingston 

Livingston 

Oakland 

Oakland 

Kent 

Hancock 

Hancock 

Pontotoc 

Montgomery... 

Madison 

Fayette 

Panola , 

St.  Lawrence.- 

Orangeburg.... 

Butler 

Butler 

Currituck 

Mason 

Phillips 

Boone 

Howard 

Fleming 

Howard 

Cabarrus 

New  London.., 

Porter , 

St.  Joseph 

Houghton 

Houghton 

Kalamazoo.... 

New  Madrid.. 

Livingston.... 

Hancock 

Ottawa 

Summit 

Wood 

Wood 

Cambria , 

Cambria , 

Cameron , 

Potter , 

Box  Elder 


State. 


Population. 


1870.     1880, 


Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Mo. 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Wis...„. 
Iowa .... 
Mich.... 
N.  C. 
Del... 
Ala... 
Mo.... 
N.  C- 
N.  C... 
Ky.... 

Ill 

Mo.... 
Iowa. 
Ohio.. 

Pa 

Conn 
N.  Y.. 

Vt 

Minn 
Cal.... 
Kan., 
N.  Y. 

Md 

N.  J-.... 

N.  J 

Neb 

La 

Col , 

Mo 

Pa 

Conn... 

Ill 

Ill 

Mich..., 

Mich... 

R.I 

Ill 

HI 

Miss  „.. 

Md 

N.  Y.... 

HI 

Miss-.. 

N.  Y-.. 

S.C 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  0 

Ill 

Ark.... 

Ill 

Ind 

Ky 

Md 

N.  C 

Conn... 

Ind 

Ind 

Mich.... 

Mich 

Mich.... 

Mo... 

N.  Y. 

Ohio. 

Ohio. 

Ohio. 

Ohio. 

Ohio. 

Pa.... 

Pa-.. 

Pa.... 

Pa.... 

Utah, 


879 


724 

1,113 

769 

662 

1,307 

1,243 

1,453 

957 

320 

3,427 

1,368 

316 

1,415 


4,369 

256 

1,076 

2,220 


2,416 


1,263 


1,805 


5,824 


1,488 
4,306 
1,251 


3,314 


1,840 


2,438 
1,667 
4,867 
1,076 


1,946 


76 
730 
840 


1,140 


1,565 


1,280 


728 
7,983 
1,540 


1,050 

"i',33'8 
899 
1,246 
1,594 
1,0C9 


1,180 

736 

443 

893 

910 

716 

1,628 

1,499 

1,416 

1,117 

1,345 

875 

6,662 

1,634 

605 

3,002 

335 

6,.M8 

361 

1,100 

2,037 

443 

2,688 

183 

156 

347 

104 

2,228 

63 

129 

1,819 

72 

185 

5,560 

77 

1,470 

4,551 

1,139 

160 

88 

259 

3,240 

535 

2,261 

192 

694 

293 

170 

1,009 

223 

95 

3,414 

2,242 

4,609 

1,000 

714 

789 

266 

447 

287 

172 

700 

181 

84 

1,612 

1,778 

791 

1,814 

24 

119 

163 

60 

278 

67 

1,495 

110 

808 

14,050 

2,863 

35 

1,007 

603 

1,295 

914 

2,094 

2,540 

1,434 

304 

765 

274 

186 

114 


Place. 


Portage o. 

Portage  dea  Sioux..tp. 
Portage  des  Sioux..p.v. 

Portage  Lake pint. 

Portageville p.h. 

Port  Alleghany p.v. 

Port  Andrew p.v. 

Port  Austin tp. 

Port  Austin p.v. 

Port  Barnet h. 

Port  Barron v. 

Port  Blanchard p.T. 

Port  Byron tp. 

Port  Byron p.v. 

Port  Byron p.v. 

Port  Carbon p.b. 

Port  Chester p.v. 

Port  Clinton p.v. 

Port  Clinton p.b. 

Port  Clyde p.v. 

Port  Crescent p.v. 

Port  Deposit p.v. 

Port  Dickinson p.v. 

Port  Edwards tp. 

Port  Edwards p.v. 

Port  Elizabeth p.v. 

Porter tp. 

Porter tp. 

Porter p.T. 

Porter tp. 

Porter tp. 

Porter p.tp. 

Porter tp. 

Porter tp. 

Porter tp. 

Poi-ter V. 

Porter tp. 

Porter tp. 

Porter tp. 

Porter tp. 

Porter tp. 

Porter tp. 

Porter tp. 

Porter tp. 

Porter tp. 

Porter  Station p.v. 

Portersville p.v. 

Portersville p.h. 

Portersville p.h. 

Portersville p.b. 

Porterville p.h. 

Port  Ewen p.v. 

Port  Fulton v. 

Port  Gamble p.v. 

Port  Gibson p.T. 

Port  Griffith T. 

Port  Henry-.- p.v. 

Port  Huron c. 

Port  Huron tp. 

Portis p.h. 

Port  Jackson p.T. 

Port  Jefferson p.v. 

Port  Jefferson v. 

Port  Jervls p.v. 

Port  Kent p.v, 

Portland.- p.h. 

Portland p.tp 

Portland.- tp. 

Portland h. 

Portland.- p.T, 

Portland tp. 

Portland tp. 

Portland.- tp. 

Portland c. 

Portland tp. 

Portland p.T, 

Portland p.T. 

Portland p.tp. 

Portland.- p.T. 

Portland c. 

Portland p.b. 

Portland v. 

Portland.- tp. 

Portland tp. 

PortlandTille p.T. 

Port  Louisa p.tp. 

Port  Ludlow p.T. 

Port  Matilda p.T. 

Port  Monmouth.. ..p.T. 

Port  Morris p.T. 

Port  Norris p.T. 

Port  Penn p.T. 

Port  Penn t. 


County. 


Columbia.. 

St.  Charles 

St.  Charles 

Aroostook 

New  Madrid.. 

McKean 

Richland 

Huron 

Huron 

Jefferson , 

Ascension-.... 

Luzerne 

Rock  Island.., 
Rock  Island.., 

Cayuga 

Schuylkill 

Westchester- 
Ottawa 

Schuylkill 

Knox 

Huron 

Cecil 

Broome- 

Wood „,.. 

Wood 

Cumberland-. 

Porter 

Oxford 

Oxford 


Population. 


Van  Buren ,,, 

Midland 

Christian 

Niagara. 

Delaware 

Gallia 

Scioto 

Clarion 

Clinton 

Huntingdon.. 

Jefferson 

Lycoming-,.. 

Pike 

Schuylkill.... 

Rock 

Porter 

Tulare 

Dubois 

Perry.. 


Wia. 

Mo.. 

Mo.. 

Me. 

Mo.. 

Pa... 

Wig , 

Mich.... 

Mich 

Pa-.. 

La... 

Pa...., 

III-.. 

111-.. 

N.  Y. 

Pa.... 

N.  Y. 

Ohio. 

Pa.... 

Me... 

Mich 

Md... 

N.Y. 

Wis.. 

Wis., 

N.J., 

Ind.. 

Me... 

Me... 

Mich.... 

Mich. 

Mich, 

Mo..., 

N.  Y. 

Ohio., 

Ohio. 

Ohio- 

Pa 

Pa..., 

Pa..... 

Pa...., 

Pa 

Pa...., 

Pa...., 

Wis.., 

Ind.., 

Cal ... 

Ind... 

Ohio., 


Butler Pa.., 


De  Kalb 

Ulster 

Clarke 

Kitsap 

Ontario.- 

LuEeme. 

Essex 

St.  Clair 

St.  Clair 

Osborne 

Montgomery .. 

Suffolk 

Shelby 

Orange 

Essex 

Ashley 

Middlesex 

Whiteside 

Fountain 

Jay 

Cerro  Gordo-.. 

Kossuth 

Plymouth 

Cumberland-.. 

Ionia 

Ionia 

Callaway 

Chautauqua.... 

Meigs 

Multnomah  „.. 
Northampton.. 

Preston 

Dodge 

Monroe 

Plymouth- 

Louisa 

Jefferson 

Centre 

Monmouth 

Morris 

Cumberland... 

Newcastle 

Lycoming.. ...°, 


Ala 

N.Y 

Ind 

Wash-. 

N.  Y 

Pa. 

N.  Y-... 
Mich.-. 
Mich..- 

Kan 

N.  Y 

NY 

Ohio 

N.  Y-... 

N.  Y 

Ark 

Conn.... 

HI 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Me 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Mo 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Oregon. 

Pa 

W.  Va- 

Wis 

Wi» 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Wash... 

Pa 

N.  J-... 

N.  J 

N.  J 

Del 

Pa 


3,945 

1,861 

160 

124 


932 

676 

1,089 

2,251 

3,797 

643 

678 


1,839 


1,006 
1,104 


1,933 

1,316 

82 

969 
2,042 

819 


1,965 

1,546 

1,101 

1,253 

525 

650 

102 

1,167 

1,223 


5,973 
832 


410 
6,377 


4,693 
986 


462 
221 


31,413 
2,353 
1,060 


1,887 
8,293 


1,286 
630 


4,346 

2,541 

225 

132 

73 

731 

133 

1,366 

767 

70 

843 

187 

934 

799 

1,146 

2,346 

3,254 

1,600 

686 

310 

268 

1,950 

873 

348 

136 

446 

080 

1,095 

105 

1,954 

1,224 

302 

8:{8 

2,278 

925 

172 

2,274 

1,692 

1,056 

i,o;i9 

609 

636 

99 

2,625 

1,224 

224 

202 

65 

60 

216 

68 

1,580 

907 

421 

299 

731 

8,494 

8,883 

1,010 

43 

715 

1,724 

421 

8,678 

139 

19 

4,167 

926 

85 

1.694 

629 

631 

305 

3.3,810 

2,809 

1,670 

100 

2,014 

141 

17,577 

608 

350 

1,271 

1,066 

242 

693 

212 

310 

396 

228 

885 

252 

202 


809 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  TIIE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1870  AND  1880  COMPAREDJ 


PIm*. 


County. 


Port  Perry p.». 

Port  Rnpiiblio p.». 

Port  Uppublic p.T- 

I'ort  KlohmoDd p.v. 

Port  llojal........ 

Port  Royal ~ 

PortKoyml 

PortKoyal 

Port  Snuilac 

PortBinouth  '.... 

Portamuuth 

Portsmuuth 

Portamuuth 
Portamoutli 
Porta  uiouth 

Portaville h. 

Port  Tobacco p.T. 

Port  Town8end......p.T. 

Port  Trevorton p.T. 

Port  Union .» ~p.li. 

PortvilU -.tp. 

Portville p.v. 

Port  Wa8hiQgton...p.T. 
Port  Wft8hiiigton...p.v. 
Port  Wa«hiiigton...tp. 
Port  Wa8hin(5ton...p.v. 

Port  WiUiam p.». 

Pusen p.tp. 

Poson tp, 


..p.b. 

.p.T. 

,.p.T. 

,.p.T. 

..p.tp. 

_C. 

P-tP. 

....».c. 

— p.tp, 

...«..c. 


..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
.tp. 


Poaey 
PoBey 
Pofey 
Po«ey 
Poaey 
Poaey 
Poaey 
Post.. 
Poat  Mill  Village...p.v, 

PoatOak* p.tp, 

Poatoii .....p.h. 

Poetville p.T. 

Poatville »..h. 

Potomac p.T. 

Potosi tp. 

Potosl p.T. 

Potosi tp. 

Potoal p.T. 

Potowomut p.h. 

Potadam tp. 

Potsdam p.T. 

Pottawatomie tp. 

Pottawatomie tp. 

Pottawatomie tp. 

Pottawatomie h. 

Potter — p.tp. 

Potter tp. 

Potter  Ilill „.p.T. 

Potter's  Hollow  ....p.h. 
Potter's  Landing. ..p.v, 
Potter's  Milla... 

Potteraville 

Potterville 

Potterville 

Pottagrove tp, 

PottBtown V. 

Potts  town p.b, 

Pottaville p.b. 

Pouglikeepsie c. 

Pougbkoopeie tp. 

Poultney tp. 

Poultney p.T, 

Poundridge tp. 

Poundridge p.h 

Powder  Run h. 

Powell p.T, 

Powellsville p.h 

Powellton p.v, 

Powellville p.h 

Powelton p.T, 

Powers h. 

Powera p.T, 

Powerville h. 

Poweihiek tp. 

Powliittan p.T. 

Powhatan tp. 

Powhatan tp. 

Powhatan  C.  II p.h. 

Powhatan  Point.... p.T. 

Pownal p.tp. 

Pownal .....tp. 

Pownal ..........p.T, 


..p.T. 

...p.v. 
..p.v. 

..p.T. 


Alleghany 

Atlantic 

Bocklngham. 

Richmond 

Dauphin 

Juniata  -...mmm... 

Beaufort 

Caroline 

Sanilac 

Bay -. 

Rockingham 

Carteret 

Scioto ..« 

Newport 

Norfolk „.... 

Kent.. 

Charles. 

Jefferson 

Snyder 

Butler 

Cattaraugus 

CattarHugua~ 

Queon8.~ 

Tuscarawas  .„ 

Ozankee  

Ozaukee 

C4inton 

Preaque  Isle 

Yellow  Medicine, 

Clay 

Fayette. 

Franklin 

Harriaon 

Rush 

Switzerland 

Washington 

Allamakee , 

Orange , 

Jobnaou 

Ripley 

Allamakee 

Green 

Prince  William.., 

Linn , 

Washington 

Grant 

Grant.. , 

Kent 

St.  Lawrence 

St.  Lawrence 

Coffey 

Franklin , 

Pottawatomie 

Calbouu 

Yatea 

Centre 

Washington 

Albany 

Caroline 

Centre , 

Warren 

Eaton 

Bradford 

Montgomery 

Cheater 

Montgomery 

Schuylkill 

Dutchess 

Dutchess 

Rutland 

Rutland , 

Westchester. 

Westchester 

Luzerne , 

Delaware , 

Scioto 

Butte 

Wicomico- , 

Hancock 

Kent» , 

Jay 

Morris , 

Jasper 

Lawrence 

Pocahontas 

Brown 

Powhatan 

Belmont 

Cuml)erland 

Bennington , 

Bennington 


SUte. 


Population. 


1870.     1880. 


Pa 

N.  J  _.. 

Va- 

N.  Y-.. 

Pa.. 

Pa. 

8.0 

Ya 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
N.  U.... 
N.  0-._ 
Ohla.... 

R.  I. 

Va 

Del 

Md 

Wash... 

Pa 

Ohio-... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.Y„... 

Ohio 

Wis 

Wia 

Oliio 

Mich.... 
Minn... 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa..., 

Vt 

Mo 

Ind , 

Iowa..., 

Wia. 

Va 

Kan 

Mo 

Wis 

Wia.-.., 
B.  I-... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y.... 
Kan... 
Kan-.. 
Kan ... 
Mich.. 
N.  Y..., 

Pa 

R.  I.... 
N.  Y... 

Bid 

Pa 

N.  Y..., 
Mich.. 

Pa 

Pa , 

Pa , 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  Y... 
N.  Y... 

Vt 

Vt 

N.  Y... 
N.  Y... 

Pa 

Ohio-. 
Ohio-. 
Cal .... 
Md .... 

Ga 

Del 

Ind.... 
N.  J-. 
Iowa. ... 

Ark 

Iowa.., 
Kan„. 

Va 

Olilo— 

Me 

Vt 

Vt 


3,0-28 
'"43d 


1,660 

9,211 

341 

10,502 
2,003 

10,590 


216 
693 


1,814 
450 
804 
426 

2,390 


184 


2,132 
947 
974 
1,774 
1,7C3 
2,183 
1,349 
1,223 


2,031 


1,779 

897 

2,686 


7,774 

2,891 

520 

695 

1,155 


1,970 
2,;J58 


2,895 

"4,125 

12,384 

20,080 

4,009 

2,8.36 


1,194 


1,239 


180 


201 

981 

1,705 


1,100 
708 
189 

3,oei 

056 
621 
387 
347 
596 
779 

9,690 

222 

11,321 

1,979 
11,390 
72 
202 
917 
319 
76 

2,400 
683 

1,038 
634 

2,604 

1,386 
181 
858 
13:) 

2,477 
981 

1,039 

1,978 

1,846 

2,105 

1,411 

1,550 
242 

1,858 
98 
732 
33 
119 

2,:)47 
715 

2,375 

466 

87 

7,610 

2,762 
471 
817 

1,105 
54 

1,940 

2,375 
165 
91 
135 
180 
168 
471 
120 

3,984 
214 

6,305 
13,253 
20,207 

4,628 

2,717 
943 

1,034 

92 

44 

131 

69 

100 

67 

172 

92 

118 

35 

1,282 
196 
258 

1,214 
84 
225 
874 

2,019 
424 


Place. 


Coiuty. 


Poygan......^ tp. 

Poyner tp. 

I>oynetta -.p.v. 

Poyslppl tp. 

PoysippI p.T. 

Prague p.T. 

Prairie tp. 

Prairie tp. 

Prairie tp. 

Prairie tp. 

Prairie _...tp. 

Prairie ....tp. 

Prairie tp. 

I'ralrie tp. 

Prairie tp. 

Prairie tp. 

Praicle tp. 

I>ralrle tp. 

I'rairie tp. 

Praliie tp. 

Prairie -..tp. 

Prairie tp. 

Prairie tp. 

Prairie tp. 

Prairie tp. 

Prairie tp. 

Prairie tp, 

Prairie* tp. 

Prairie tp. 

Prairie tp. 

Prairie tp. 

Prairie tp. 

Prairie tp. 

Prairie tp. 

Prairie tp. 

Prairlcbnrg p.T, 

Prairie  City tp. 

Prairie  City p.v, 

Prairie  City p.v. 

Prairie  City p.h 

Prairie  Creek tp. 

Prairie  Creek p.tp. 

Prairie  Creek p.tp. 

Prairie  Dog tp. 

Prairie  du  Chien  ...c. 
Prairie  du  Chien. ..tp. 
Prairie  du  Uocher.tp. 
Prairie  du  Kocher.p.v. 

Prairie  du  Sac tp. 

Prairie  du  Sac p.v. 

Prairie  Farm tp. 

Prairie  Farm p.h. 

Prairie  Green tp. 

Prairie  Grove p.h. 

Prairie  Home tp. 

Prairie  Home p.h. 

Prairie  Lea p.v. 

Prairie  Sonde tp. 

Prairie  Spring tp. 

Prairieton tp. 

Prairieton tp. 

Prairieton p.T. 

Prairie  Town p.T. 

Prairie  View p.h. 

Prairie  View p.tp, 

Prairie  View tp. 

Prairie  ville tp. 

Prairieville p.T. 

Pralrieville tp. 

Prairieville tp. 

Prairieville p.T. 

Prairieville p.v. 

Prather'a  Creek tp. 

Pratheraville p.h. 

Prottsburg Ip. 

Prattsburg p.v. 

Pratt's  Hollow p.v. 

Prattsville tp. 

Prattsville p.v. 

Prattville p.v. 

Preachersville p.h. 

Preaknesa v. 

Preble tp. 

Preble p.tp. 

Preble tp. 

Preble p.v, 

Preble tp. 

Pre-emption p.tp. 

Prentice p.h 

Prentiss tp. 

Prentiss  Vale  - p.v. 


WInneliago.... 
Black  Hawk,. 

Columbia 

Waushara. 

Waushara. 

Scott 

Edgar 

Hancock 

Shelby 

Henry 

Koaciuako. 

Tipton 

Warren 

White 

Davia- 

Delaware 

Fremont 

Keokuk 

Mabaaka 

Jewell 

Wilson 

Wyandotte.... 

Audrain 

Bates 

Franklin 

Howard- 

Jackson 

Lincoln 

McDonald , 

Montgomery . 

Pettis 

Randolph-..., 

Schuyler 

Franklin , 

Holmea- 

Linn 

McDonough.. 
McDonough.. 

Jasper 

Bates 

Logan 

Vigo 

Dubuque 

Decatur 

Crawford 

Crawford 

Randolph-... 
Randolph  -... 

Sauk 

Sauk 

Barron 

Barron 

Iroquois 

Clarke 

Cooper 

Cooper 

Caldwell 

Kalamazoo... 

Jackson- 

Christian 

Vigo 

Vigo 

Madison 

Logan 

Phillips 

Wilkin 

Barry 

Barry 

Brown 

Pike 

Pike 

Kanfman 

Alleghany...., 

Clay 

Steuben 

Steuben 

Madison 

Greene 

Greene 

Autauga 

Lincoln 

Passaic 

Adams , 

Fillmore 

Cortland 

Cortland 

Brown 

Mercer 

Morgan , 

Penobscot-... 
McKean , 


Stete. 


Wis 

Iowa... 
Wia-... 
Wia-... 

Wl 

Minn  - 

HI 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind.... 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa- 
Iowa.., 
Kan-.. 
Kan-., 
Kan-., 

Mo , 

Mo , 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo  .... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo.... 
Mo ...., 

Mo 

Ohio-. 
Ohio-. 
Iowa.. 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.. 
Mo  .... 

Ill 

Ind.... 
Iowa ., 
Kan-. 

Wis 

Wis-.... 

Ill 

Ill 

M'is 

Wis.-.. 

Wis 

Wis 

Ill 

Iowa..., 

Mo 

Mo 

Tex.-.., 
Mich... 
Iowa.-. 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ill 

Ark , 

Kan 

Minn .. 
Mich..., 
Mich..., 
Minn  .„ 

Mo 

Mo 

Tex 

N.  C 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.Y 

Ala 

Ky 

N.J 

Ind 

Minn... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Wis 

Ill 

Ill 

Me 

Pa. 


370 


>  Ta  1871,  part  to  Marritt. 


*  In  1872,  part  to  Jefferson. 


»  In  1872,  part  to  Nineveh. 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  EETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


PWBCOtt p.v. 

Prescott p.v. 

Precoutt tp. 

PrMCOtt p.v. 

Preacott p.v. 

Prewjott p.tp, 

PrMcott tp. 

PrMcott ph. 

Prescott p.v. 

PrescottTillo v. 

IVe^idout p.tp. 

Pre»iilio p.v. 

Presqne  Isle tp. 

Presque  Isle p.v. 

Presque  Isle tp. 

Prestou tp. 

Preston p.v. 

Preston p.v. 

Preston h. 

Preston p.h. 

Preston tp. 

Preston tp. 

Preston p.v. 

Preston tp. 

Preston p.v. 

Preston tp. 

Preston tp. 

Preston p.tp. 

Preston h, 

Preston p.tp. 

I*reBton tp. 

Preston tp. 

Prcstonburg p.v. 

Preston  Hill v. 

Preston  UoUow p.v. 

Preston  Lake tp. 

Preston  Side v. 

Prestonville v. 

Price tp. 

Price  City h. 

Price's  Branch p.h. 

Price  town p.v. 

Primrose p.v. 

Primrose- v. 

Primrose p.tp. 

Princess  Anne p.v. 

Princeton p.v. 

Princeton tp. 

Princeton p.v. 

Princeton p.v. 

Princeton tp. 

Princeton tp. 

_  Princeton p.v. 

Princeton p.v. 

Princeton p.v. 

Princeton p.tp. 

Princeton p.tp. 

Princeton tp. 

Princeton p.v. 

Princeton p.v. 

Princeton tp. 

Princeton p.b. 

Princeton p.v. 

j  Princeton tp. 

Princeton p.v. 

Princetown p.tp. 

Princerille tp. 

Princevilie p.v. 

Prince  William h. 

Pringhar„ p.v. 

Prior tp. 

Privateer. tp. 

Proctor p.v. 

Proctor b. 

Proctor  Mills v. 

Proctorsville v. 

Proctorsville p.v. 

Proctorvillo p.h. 

PiDctorville p.v. 

Progress p.v. 

Promise  City p.v. 

Promised  Land p.h. 

Prompton p.b. 

Prophets  town tp. 

Prophetstown p.v. 

Prospect tp. 

Prospect tp. 

Prospect p.tp. 

''Prospect p.v. 

Prospect tp. 

Prospect p.v. 


County. 


Yavapai 

Nevada— 

Adams 

Adams 

Linn 

Hampshire..., 

Faribault , 

Lebanon , 

Pierce 

Jefferson 

Venango 

Presidio- , 

Aroostook 

Aroostook 

Presque  Isle™ 
New  London. 
New  London. 

Webster , 

Boar  Ijake.... 

Randolph 

Kicbland 

Plymouth 

Caroline 

Fillmore 

Fillmore 

Jasper 

Platte 

Chenango 

Muskingum... 

Wayne 

Adams 

Trempealeau 

Floyd 

Schuylkill.... 

Albany 

Renville 

New  London 

Carroll 

Monroe 

Washington.. 
Montgomery 

Highland 

Leo 

Schuylkill.... 

Dane 

Somerset 

Dallas 

Bureau 

Bureau , 

Oibson 

White , 

Scott 

Scott 

Fr.inklin 

Caldwell 

Washington.., 

Worcester 

Mille  Lacs.... 
Mille  Lacs..... 

Mercer 

Mercer , 

Mercer , 

Lawrence 

Green  Lake..., 
Green  Lake..., 
Schenectady., 

Peoria 

Peoria , 

Carroll 

O'Brien 

Big  Stone 

Sumter 

Lee 

Comanche 

Merrimac 

Lycoming 

Windsor 

Caldwell 

Lawrence 

Dauphin 

Wavne 

Suffolk 

Wayne 

Whiteside 

Whiteside 

New  Haven... 

Butler 

Waldo 

Oneida 

Marion 

Marion. „ 


State. 


Arizona 

Ark 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Kan 


Minn ... 

Pa 

Wis 

Pa 

Pa 

Tex 

Me 

Me 

Mich.... 
Conn..,. 
Conn.... 

Ga 

Idaho... 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa. ... 

Md 

Minn ... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

I'a 

Wis 

Wis 

Ky 

Pa. 

N.  Y 

Minn ... 
Conn ... 

Ky 

Pa 

Utah.... 

Mo 

Ohio 

Iowa..,. 

Pa 

Wis 

Md 

Ark 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.,,. 
Iowa..., 

Kan 

Ky 

Me 


Minn .. 
Minn  ,. 

Mo 

N.  J 

N.  J.,.. 

Pa 

Wis 

Wis 

N.  Y.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.,. 
Minn .. 

S.0 

Ky 

Tex 

N.  H... 

Pa 

Vt 

Mo 

Ohio.,,, 

Pa 

Iowa... 
N.  Y..., 

I'a 

Ill 

Ill 

Conn.., 
Kan  „„ 

Me 

N.  Y„„ 
Ohio..., 
Ohio.,,, 


Population, 


668 
"398 


1,138 

""iii 
"bvo 


2,101 

""isi 


1,083 


1,498 

600 

1,174 

1,692 

957 


1,400 
161 
955 
179 


239 
259 


1,015 
805 


4,363 
3,264 
1,847 

851 
1,197 

498 


1,012 

1,072 

1,279 

662 


389 
3,986 
2,798 


1,709 
705 
846 

1,335 
424 


1,679 


394I 

1,274 

276 

651 


1,280 


1,838 

1,253 
891 
248 
161 
460 
605 
87 
975 
130 
416 
147 

1,305 
523 
228 

2,523 
103 
139 
49 
62 

1,220 
235 
156 

1,825 
939 

1,048 

1,608 
909 
09 

1.592 
136 

1,530 
265 
320 
212 
256 

1,027 

ia3 

252 

85 

66 

147 

159 

196 

888 

751 

205 

4,810 

3,439 

2,566 

1,395 

1,227 

494 

103 

1,264 

1,038 

1,100 

330 

687 

1,240 

4,348 

3,209 

130 

2,074 

961 

826 

1,682 

609 

70 

143 

678 

2,171 

100 

38 

153 

208 

387 

67 

385 

144 

203 

71 

310 

1,709 

803 

492 

841 

770 

326 

1,724 

600 


Place. 


Prospect h. 

Prospect p.b. 

Prospect b. 

Prospect  Harbor,... p.v. 

Prospect  Hill h. 

Prospect  Park p.v. 

Prospect  Park v. 

Prospect  Plains p.h. 

Prospect  Station  ...p.v. 

Prosperity p.v. 

Protection p.h. 

Providence™ tp. 

Providence p.v. 

Providence tp. 

Providence tp. 

Providence p.v. 

Providence p.tp. 

Providence p,h 

Providence tp. 

Providence tp. 

Providence tp. 

Providence tp. 

Providence tp. 

Providence tp. 

Providence c. 

Providence tp. 

Providence.- P.tp. 

Providence p.v. 

Provincetown p.tp. 

Proviso p.tp. 

Provo  City p.v, 

Pruntytown p.v. 

Prussia tp. 

Prj'orsburg p.v, 

Pueblo - c, 

Puenta v. 

Pughtown p.h. 

Pulaski p.h. 

Pulaski p.b, 

Pulaski p.v. 

Pulaski p.tp. 

Pulaski- p.v, 

Pulaski tp, 

Pulaski p.v. 

Pulaski tp, 

Pulaski tp. 

Pulaski p.v, 

Pulaski p.tp. 

Pulaski p.v, 

Pulaski tp, 

Pulaski  ville ph. 

Pultney tp, 

Pultney p.v, 

Pultney tp. 

Pultneyville p.v. 

Pulva V. 

Pnnipkintown tp. 

Pungoteague p.v. 

Punta  Arenas p.v, 

Punta  Reyes tp, 

Punxatawney p.b. 

Purcellville p.h. 

Purdy's  Station p.v. 

Purdytown v, 

Pusheta tp. 

Pushmataha p.v. 

Putah tp. 

Put-in-Bay tp. 

Put-in-Bay p.v, 

Putnam p.tp. 

Putnam tp, 

Putnam tp, 

Putnam tp. 

Putnam tp, 

Putnam tp, 

Putnam tp. 

Putnam p.h. 

Putnam  Valley p.tp, 

Putnamvill© p.v. 

Putney - tp. 

Putney p.v, 

Puyallup p.v, 

Py  matuuing tp. 

Pymosai tp. 

Pyramid )i. 

Quaker  City p.v, 

Quaker  Meadow.. ..tp. 

Quaker  Springs p.v, 

Quaker  Street p.v. 

Quaker  Street  Depot.v. 
Quakertown p.b. 


County. 


Umatilla 

Butler 

Cambria 

Hancock 

Genesee 

Du  Page 

Delaware- 

Middlesex 

Giles 

Newberry 

Krie 

Lassen 

Bureau 

Buena  Vista 

Hardin 

Webster 

Lac  Qui  Parle 

Grenada 

Saratoga 

Mecklenburg 

Pasquotank 

Rowan 

Lucas 

Lancaster 

Providence 

Orangeburg 

Sumter 

Cache 

Barnstable 

Cook 

Utah 

Taylor 

Adair 

Graves 

Pueblo 

Rio  Arriba 

Chester. 

Pulaski 

Pulaski 

Davis 

Jackson 

Oswego 

Williams 

Williams 

Beaver 

Lawrence.- 

Lawrence 

Oconee 

Giles 

Iowa 

Morrow- 

Steuben- 

Steuben  - 

Belmont 

Wayne 

Presidio 

Pickens 

Accomack 

Mendocino 

Marin 

Jefferson 

Loudoun 

Westchester 

Northumberland 

Auglaize 

Choctaw 

Yolo 

Ottawa 

Ottawa 

Windham 

Fulton 

Fayette 

Linn 

Anderson 

Livingston 

Washington 

Washington 

Putnam 

Putnam 

Windham- 

Windham 

Pierce 

Mercer 

Cass 

Washoe 

Guernsey,,,.- 

Burke 

Saratoga 

Schenectady 

Schenectady 

Bucks 


State, 


Oregon 

Pa 

Pa 

Me 

N.  Y„,. 

Ill 

Pa 

N.  J 

Tenn... 

S.  C 

N.  X.... 

Cal 

Ill 

Iowa.,,. 
Iowa... 

Ky 

Minn  .. 
Miss-.. 

N.Y 

N.C 

N.  C... 
N.C-.. 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

R.I 

S.C 

S.  c 

Utah,... 
Mass.... 

Ill 

Utah,,,. 
W,  Va„ 
Iowa.... 

Ky 

Col 

N.  Mex. 

Pa 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa. ... 
Mich.,.. 

N,  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio,.... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

S.  C 

Tenn ,., 

Wis 

Ohio 

N.  Y.„„ 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

N,  Y 

Tex 

S.  0 

Va 

Oil 

Cal 

Pa 

Va 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Ohio 

Ala 

Cal 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Conn,.,. 

Ill 

Iowa.,,, 
Iowa. ... 

Kan 

Mich.... 
N.  Y-... 

N.Y 

N.  Y 

Ind 

Vt 

Vt 

Wash... 

Pa 

Iowa.... 
Nev.-.,. 

Ohio 

N.C,-,.. 
N.  Y_„. 
N.  Y_,., 
N.  Y_„. 
Pa. 


Population. 


1,335 


1,155 
1,936 

520 
1,516 

863 
1,906 
68,904 

880 
1,485 

4S1 
3,865 
2,091 
2,:}84 


123 
"i','l65 
'"3,547 


943 
1,663 


653 
2,070 
1,082 


1,393 
'6',3i9 


271 
653 


1,290 


1,412 
1,148 


4,192 

1,054 

766 

760 


1,361 
603 

"i,5d6 

219 

1,167 


2,549 
2,120 


75 

363 

700 

230 

69 

197 

197 

38 

176 

357 

50 

167 

127 

379 

1,151 

267 

177 

40 

994 

2,189 

783 

1,585 

1,164 

2,134 

104,857 

1,260 

2,034 

678 

4,346 

3,061 

8.432 

335 

536 

129 

3,217 

195 

80 

77 

61 

19« 

1,168 

1,501 

4,430 

145 

903 

1,684 

281 

741 

2,089 

1,402 

6X 

1,660 

202 

10,492 

247 

365 

841 

147 

19a 

403 

674 

93 

22a 

725 

1.456 

124 

1,060 

1,222 

381 

6,827 

1,917 

790 

887 

625 

1,294 

611 

30 

1,555 

204 

1,124 

400 

297 

2,319 

965 

83 

694 

884 

160 

S50 

IVH 

1,76» 


»In  1870,  including  the  city  of  Atlantic. 


371 


POPULATION  OP  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


0BNSU8  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PUo*. 


Countjr. 


Qullty  mil ~..h. 

Qu«IU» ~ tp. 

QuAuUco —p.T. 

QuM-rjr tp. 

Quiirry p.v. 

Quarrytown v. 

Quarry  tI  lie p.r. 

QuarryvUlo v. 

QuarU —tp. 

Quartz  Muuotaln.^v. 

Quaaqneton p.r, 

Queecliy .a. 

Queen  Anno b. 

Queen  City ......p.T 

Queen  City -p.r 

Queens p.v, 

Queensbtiry p.tp. 

Queen's  Bun Ii. 

Queeu8tuwu b. 

QuoensTille .p.h. 

Quemahouing .tp. 

Qucmahonlng p.h. 

Quenenio p.T. 

Quewliiflle tp. 

Quihl „ y. 

Quincy p.r. 

Qulncy p.v. 

Quincy c. 

Quincy p.v. 

Quincy tp. 

Quincy p.v. 

Quincy ..p.tp. 

Quincy p.v. 

Quincy p-tP' 

Quincy ~tp. 

Quincy „p.v. 

Quincy tp. 

Quincy p.tp. 

Quincy  ....„ p.h. 

Quincy «v. 

Quincy p.v. 

Quincy tp. 

Quincy p.v. 

Quincy p.tp. 

Qnlndaro p-tP' 

Quinerlyville h. 

Qulnneponset 
Qulnuiuiont... 

Quintana 

Quinton 

Qulssett 

Quitman , 

Quitman , 

Quitman 

Quitman 

Quitman , 

Quiver tp. 

Quogue p.v. 

Baccoon p.tp, 

RMcoon tp. 

Raccoon tp. 

Baccoon tp. 

Bacine p.tp. 

Kacino p.v. 

Racine c. 

Radersburg p.v. 

Radical  City p.h. 

Radnor tp. 

Radnor p.tp. 

Radnor p.tp, 

Rafting  Creek tp. 

Raglan tp. 

Rahn tp. 

Ralin's V. 

Railway c. 

Railroad tp. 

Railroad p.b. 

Railroad  Flat p.h. 

Rainsborough p.v. 

Rainsbiirg p.b. 

Rainsville p.v. 

Raisin tp. 

Raisiuville -.p.tp 

Raleigh .p.v. 

Raleigh p.v. 

Raleigh p.h. 

Raleigh c. 

Raleigh tp. 

Raleigh ^...p.v. 

Raleigh  0.  H p.v. 

Ralston p.v. 


Madison 

Jackson- 

Wicomico 

Jertev 

Manilian 

St.  Genevieve 

Lanc4t8tor 

New  Castle 

Plumas 

Tuolumne 

Buchanan 

Columbia 

Prince  George's., 

Schuyler 

Cuss 

Qucons 

Warren.. 

Clinton 

Armstrong 

Jennings 

Somerset 

Somerset 


8Ut«. 


P.v, 

h. 

PtP- 

Pl'. 

-?•▼• 

pv. 

pv- 

P-v- 

.p.v. 


Cumberland.., 

Medina- 

Plumas- 

Gadsden 

Adams 

Owen 

Adams 

Adams 

Greenwood 

Lewis 

Korfolk- 

Branch 

Branch 

Houghton 

Olmsted , 

Hickory 

Belmont 

Logan 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Adams 

Wyandotte 

Pitt 

Worcester-.... 

Fayette 

Brazoria 

Salem 

Barnstable.... 
Van  Buren.... 

Brooks 

Clarke 

Nodaway 

Wood 

Mason 

Suffolk 

Marion 

Parke 

Gallia. 

Beaver 

Mower 

Meigs 

Racine 

Jefferson 

Montgomery . 

Peoria. 

Delaware 

Delaware 

Sumter 

Harrison 

Schuylkill 

Montgomery . 

Union 

Starke 

York 

Calaveras 

Highland 

Bedford 

Warren- 

Lenawee 

Monroe , 

Saline 

Bush 

Union , 

Wake 

Wake 

Shelby 

Raleigh- 

Lycoming...., 


PopnlatJon. 


1870.      1880. 


N.Y-. 
N.  C-. 
Ud  .... 

Ill 

Iowa., 
Mo.... 

Pa 

Del.... 
OaL... 
Cal ..., 
Iowa. 

N.  y.., 

Md .... 
Mo .... 
Tex.- 
N.  Y... 

N.  y 

Pa. , 

Pa. , 

Ind , 

Pa. 

Pa 

Kan 

N.  C 

Tex.-... 

Cal 

Fla , 

111 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Iowa.... 
Kan-.. 

Ky 

Mass.... 
Mich... 
Blich ... 
Mich... 
Minn .. 

Mo 

Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

Pa 

Wis.-.. 
Kan  -.. 
N.  C-.. 
Mass... 
W.  Va. 

Tex 

N.J-.. 
Moss... 
Ark.-.. 

Ga 

Miss- 
Mo  

Tex.-.., 

Ill 

N.  Y-.. 

Ill 

Ind 

Ohio.... 

Pa- 

Minn... 

Ohio 

Wis 

Mon-... 
Kan-.., 

Ill 

Ohio 

Pa 

S.  C 

Iowa..., 

Pa. 

Pa 

N.  J  -... 

Ind 

Pa 

Cal 

Ohio-... 

Pa 

Ind 

Mich... 
Mich... 

Ill 

Ind 

Ky 

N.  C 

N.  C-... 
Tonn... 
W.Ya„ 
Pa. 


1,007 


8,387 


1,213 


208 


24,052 


1,090 
283 


7,442 
2,586 
1,092 
1,117 
807 
80 


320 
3,127 


478 
2,139 


784 


893 

137 

1,139 

1,327 

1,700 

1,012 

813 

660 

9,880 

311 


948 
1,255 
1,431 
1,585 

334I 
1,227 


6,258 
532 


220 
250 


1,645 
1,793 


7,790 
10,149 


84 

967 

104 

1,268 

224 

133 

S46 

123 

1,006 

106 

629 

64 

68 

S67 

SOI 

347 

0,805 

109 

217 

97 

1A19 

37 

122 

868 

106 

432 

639 

27,268 

228 

2,345 

198 

673 

162 

10,570 

2,526 

1,120 

1,490 

745 

82 

110 

442 

3,187 

3.31 

397 

2,123 

61 

267 

651 

47 

6,446 

04 

177 

1,400 

410 

335 

151 

824 

194 

1,181 

1,294 

1,821 

1,092 

885 

453 

10,031 

109 

71 

1,197 

1,209 

1,924 

2,176 

432 

2,129 

191 

6,455 

730 

220 

38 

236 

280 

131 

1,504 

2,035 

245 

151 

41 

9,265 

13,843 

108 

144 

120 


PUo«. 


County. 


Ramapo p.tp. 

Itiuney p.v. 

Ramsay p.tp. 

Ramsey tp. 

Ramsey p.v. 

liamsey tp. 

Ramsey's -p.v. 

Rauiseytowu -p.tp. 

lUinclios  do  Atrisco.v. 

Rancocas p.v. 

Randalia p.h. 

Randall tp. 

Randleman tp. 

Randlemau p.v. 

Randol tp. 

Randolph h. 

Randolph P-tp, 

Randolph tp. 

Randolph p.h. 

Randolph  * tp. 

Randolph p.v. 

Randolph p.v. 

Randolph'. p.tp. 

Randolph tp. 

Randolph tp. 

Randolph p.tp. 

Randolph tp. 

Randolph tp. 

Randolph tp. 

Randolph p.v. 

Randolph tp. 

Randolph tp. 

Randolph p.v. 

Randolph P-tp. 

Randolph p.v. 

Randolph p.v. 

Randolph tp. 

Randolph p.v. 

Randolph tp. 

Randolph p.v. 

Random  Lake p.v. 

Range p.tp, 

Rangclcy tp. 

Range!  ey p.v. 

Rankin p.v. 

Rankintown h. 

Ransom p.T. 

Ransom tp. 

Ransom p.v. 

Ransom tp. 

Ransom tp. 

Ransom p.tp, 

Ransomville p.v. 

liantoul tp. 

Kantoul p.v. 

Rantoul tp. 

liaplio tp. 

Rapidan p.tp. 

Rapid  City p.v. 

Rapid  River^ tp. 

Rapids tp. 

Rapids  City p.v. 

Rappahannock v. 

Rappahannock  Sta..p.v. 

Raritan tp. 

Raritan tp. 

Raritan tp. 

Raritan p.v. 

Rathbone tp. 

Rathboneville p.v. 

Ranch's  Gap p.v. 

Ravanna tp. 

Ravanna p.v, 

Ravenna p.tp. 

Ravenna -.tp. 

Ravenna tp. 

Ravenna p.v. 

Raven  Rock p.v. 

Itavenswood p.v. 

Ravenswood p.v. 

Rawles tp. 

Rawlins p.v. 

Rawson p.v. 

RawBonville p.h. 

Rawsonville p.h. 

Ray p.v, 

Ray tp. 

Ray tp. 

Ray p.h. 

Ray tp. 

Raj-ado- p.h. 


Rockland- 

Clearfield-. 

Kossuth 

Fayette- 

Fayette- 

Anoka 

Bergen- 

Yancey 

Bernalillo 

Burlington 

Fayette „ 

Kenosha 

Randolph  - 

Randolph 

Cape  Girardeau.. 

Sierra 

McLean 

Ohio 

Randolph 

Tippecanoe 

Fremont 

Riley 

Norfolk- , 

Dakota 

St.  Frangois 

Coos 

Burlington 

Morris 

Cattaraugus 

Cattaraugus-.... 

Montgomery 

Portage 

Portage 

Crawford 

Tipton 

Rich 

Orange 

Orange 

Columbia. 

Dodge 

Sheboygan 

Madison 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Vermilion 

Washington 

La  Salle 

Hillsdale 

Hillsdale 

Nobles 

Columbus 

I^tckawanna 

Niagara 

Champaign 

Champaign 

Calumet 

Lancaster- 

Blue  £urth 

Pennington 

Kalkaska 

Linn 

Rock  Island 

Schuylkill 

Fauquier 

Hunterdon 

Middlesex 

Monmouth 

Somerset 

Steuben 

Steuben 

Clinton 

Mercer 

Mercer 

Muskegon 

Dakota 

Portage 

Portage 

Hunterdon 

Cook 

Jackson 

Mills 

Carbon _., 

Hancock 

Wayne 

Windham 

Schuyler 

Franklin 

Morgan 

Steuben 

Macomb 

Colfax 


State. 


N.Y- 

Pa..... 
Iowa. 

HI 

Ill 

Minn 
N.  J., 
N.  C„ 
N.  Mex. 
N.J. 
Iowa 
Wis... 
N.C. 
N.C- 
Mo .. 
Cal... 
III.... 

Ind.. 
Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Mass.... 

Minn... 

Mo 

N.  H.... 

N.  J 

N.J 

N.  Y 

N.Y.... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Tenn.... 

Utah.... 

Vt 

Vt 

Wis 

Wis.-... 

Wis 

Ohio 

Me 

Me 

Ill 

Pa 

Ill 

Mich ... 

Mich. 

Minn 

N.  C... 

Pa 

N.Y- 

III 

Ill 

Wis.- 

Pa 

Minn  ... 

Dakota 

Mich.... 

Iowa..., 

Ill 

Pa. 

Va 

N.  J 

N.J 

N.  J 

N.  J 

N.  Y 

N.Y 

Pa 

Mo 

Mo 

Mich..., 

Minn... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

N.  J 

Ill 

W.  Va> 

Iowa.... 

Wyom- 

Ohio 

Mich.... 

Vt 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Mich.... 

N.  Mex. 


>  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 
872 


*  In  1871,  part  to  Union. 


>  In  1872,  part  to  Holbrook. 


*  Since  1870.  area  reduced. 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


BnyniUton p.h. 

Itaymond tp. 

Bwymond tp. 

lUymond p.v. 

Rnyinond p.v. 

Baymond tp. 

Bay  mood p.h. 

Baymond p.tp. 

Baymond tp. 

Baymond p.v. 

Baymond tp. 

Baymond p.v. 

Baymond p.tp. 

Baymond  City p.v. 

Baymondville p.v. 

Baymore  ~ tp. 

Baymore- p.h. 

Bayne tp. 

Bayubam p.tp. 

Bay's  Hill p.U. 

BayBville p.v. 

Baysville v. 

Bayville p.v. 

I  Bayville p.h. 

Baywlck p.v. 

Bea tp. 

Bead p.tp. 

Beade tp. 

Beadfield- p.tp. 

Beading p.tp. 

Beading tp. 

Beading tp. 

Beading tp. 

Beading p.v. 

Beading p.tp. 

I   Beading tp. 

{  Beading p.v. 

I  Beading tp. 

I   Beading p.v. 

I   Beading p.v. 

;   Reading tp. 

'   Beading ....tp. 

'   Beading c. 

I   Reading p.tp 

:   Beadiugton tp. 

I   Beadington p.h. 

i   Keadsborough tp. 

;   BeadsboroHgh p.y. 

j   Bead's  Village v. 

:   Beamstown p.y. 

i   Beaville p.v. 

I   Bebersburg p.y. 

:   Becklesstown p.v. 

:  Eeckord p.h. 

j  Bccovery tp. 

Boctortown p.v. 

Bed  Bank p.y. 

1  Bed  Bank tp. 

j   Bed  Bank tp. 

;  Bed  Bank  Furnaoe.p.v. 

!  Bed  Bluff. p.h. 

;   Bed  Bluff. tp. 

■  Bed  Bluff. p.y. 

'   Red  Bluff. tp. 

;   Bed  Bud p.y. 

'  Bed  Cedar tp. 

I  Bed  Clay „...p.h. 

■  Bed  Cloud p.v. 

,  Bed  Creek p.v. 

■  Eeddie's  River p.tp, 

!  Bedding p.v. 

j  Bedding p.tp 

■  Bedding tp. 

Redding p.h. 

'  Beddington p.h. 

'   Reddish tp 

;   Red  Falls.. 
'  Rediitdd.... 

Bedfield.... 
•  Bedford.... 
'  Bedford.... 
!  EedlliU.... 

I  Bed  IlilU 

}  Bed  Hook tp, 

[  Bed  Hook p.y. 

I  Bed  House p.tp. 

t  Bedington p.v. 

[  Bed  Jacket p.y. 

Bed  Key p.y. 

Red  Lake  Falls p.h. 

Bed  Lion hnd. 


County. 


.p.h. 
...p.y. 
..p.tp. 
...p.tp. 
...p.v, 
...p.tp. 
p.tp. 


Venango 

Champaign 

Montgomery ... 
Montgomery.... 
Black  Hawk.... 

Bice 

Rice 

Cumberland 

Stearns 

Hinds. 

Buckingham ... 
Buckingham.... 

Racine 

Putnam 

St.  Lawrence ... 

Cass , 

Cass , 

Indiana 

Bristol 

Bedford 

Henry 

Warren 

Bichland , 

Columbia. 

Marion , 

Carroll , 

Clayton , 

Cambria _. 

Kennebec 

Livingston 

Calhoun 

Sioux 

Lyon 

Lyon 

Middlesex 

Hillsdale 

Hillsdale 

Schuyler 

Schuyler 

Hamilton 

Perry 

Adams 

Berks 

Windsor 

Hunterdon 

Hunterdon 

Bennington.... 
Bennington  ».. 

Wabasha 

Lancaster 

Hunterdon 

Centre 

Burlington 

Baltimure 

Mercer 

Fauquier 

Monmouth 

Armstrong 

Clarion 

Clarion 

Jefferson 

Teliama„ 

Tehama 

Marlborough.., 

Bandolph 

Dniin 

Whitfield 

Webster 

Wayne 

Wilkes.... 

Shasta 

Fairfield 

Jackson 

Ringgold 

Jackson 

Lewis 

Greene 

Dallas 

Oswego 

Wayne 

Clinton„ 

Mitchell 

Marlborough.. 

Dutchess 

Dutchess 

Cattaraugus.... 
Northampton.. 

Houghton 

Jav 

Polk 

New  Castle 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Pa 

lU 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Me 

Minn ... 

Miss 

N.  H 

N.  H 

Wis 

W.  Va... 

N.  y 

Mo 

Mo 

Pa 

Mass.... 

Pa 

Ind 

Ohio 

La 

N.  Y 

Ky 

Mo 

Iowa.... 

Pa. 

Me 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Mass.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 

N.  T 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Vt 

N.J 

N.  J 

Vt 

Vt 

Minn .., 

Pa 

N.J...... 

Pa. 

N.J 

Md 

Ohio 

Va 

N.  J 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Ark 

Cal 

Cal 

S.C 

Ill 

Wis 

Ga 

Neb 

N.  Y 

N.  C , 

Cal 

Conn.... 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Ind 

Mo 

N.  Y 

Iowa. ... 

N.  Y 

Mich..., 

N.Y 

N.  C 

S.C 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Mich.... 

Ind 

Minn .., 
Del 


1,120 
305 


1,121 
1,608 


1,735 
1,713 


1,456 
1,503 


2,664 
1,657 


1,751 


1,575 
3,334 
1,326 
33,930 
1,012 
3,070 


828 


1,118 


1,341 
1,434 


1,032 
1,308 

""sis 


1,624 
1,525 


1,324 
1,872 


488 
1,505 
4,350 


2,604 


97 

973 

1,455 

643 

122 

671 

87 

1,132 

389 

488 

1,053 

297 

1,667 

600 

134 

646 

83 

1,958 

1,681 

80 

353 

110 

216 

31 

146 

2,859 

936 

1,532 

1,243 

1,354 

197 

437 

715 

120 

3,181 

2,175 

871 

1,581 

128 

2,680 

3,367 

1,382 

43,278 

953 

3,103 

59 

743 

182 

579 

333 

212 

221 

161 

49 

1,272 

109 

2,684 

1,607 

2,.308 

196 

74 

3,976 

2,106 

2,435 

1,338 

786 

64 

677 

625 

1,257 

600 

1^10 

1,090 

85 

82 

1,720 

79 

394 

1,294 

1,947 

447 

633 

3,010 

4,471 

936 

487 

354 

2,140 

386 

32 

2,480 


Place. 


Bed  LIon„ p.h. 

Bed  Lion- p.v. 

Red  Lion p.b. 

Redmon p.h. 

Redmond tp. 

Bed  Oak tp. 

Bed  Oak tp. 

Red  Oak p.v. 

Red  Oak p.h. 

Red  Oak tp. 

Bed  River p.tp. 

Bed  River  Landiug.p.v. 

Red  Rock tp. 

Bed  Rock p.v. 

Bed  Rock tp. 

Bed  Bock p.h. 

Bedstone p.tp. 

Bed  Vermilion  t....tp. 

Red  Willow p.h. 

Red  Wing c. 

Redwood tp. 

Redwood tp. 

Redwood p.v. 

Redwood  City p.v. 

Redwood  Falls p.v. 

Redwood  Falls tp. 

Reeb's  Station h. 

Beed tp. 

Reed „ tp. 

Reed tp. 

Seed  City p.v. 

Beeder tp. 

Reeder tp. 

Eeeder's tp. 

Beed  Misenheimer's.tp, 
Beed  Plantation....p.tp. 

Reedsburg p.v. 

Reedsburg tp, 

Reedsburg p.v. 

Reed's  Corners p.h. 

Reed's  Station p.h. 

Reedsvillo p.v. 

Reedsviile p.v. 

Reels  ville p.v. 

Reem's  Creek tp. 

Rees  Greek h. 

Reese p.v. 

Reeseville p.v. 

Reesville„ p.v. 

Reeve tp. 

Eeeve tp. 

Reeves tp. 

Refton p.h. 

Refugio p.v. 

Rehobotb p.v. 

Rehoboth p.tp, 

Eebrersburg p.v. 

Beidgbnrg p.h. 

Beidsville p.v. 

Reidsville p.v. 

Beidsville p.v. 

Beidsville tp. 

Reidsville p.h. 

Beiffsburg ph. 

Beiley p.tp, 

Reilly tp. 

Beilly tp. 

Beinersville p.v. 

Reinbeck - p.v. 

Reis tp. 

Reistville p.h. 

Belief  Hill v. 

Remington p.v. 

Bemington tp. 

Bemington p.h. 

Bemsen p.tp. 

Rendgville tp. 

Rend  villa. p.v. 

Renick v. 

Reno » p.h. 

Reno tp. 

Reno p.h. 

Reno tp. 

Reno tp. 

Beno c. 

Benovo p.b. 

Bensselaer p.v. 

Bensselaer  Falls. ...p.v. 

Bensselaer>'ille tp. 

Bensselaerville p.v. 

BenviUe  Station....p.T. 


County. 


New  Castle , 

Warren 

York 

Edgar 

Kmmett 

Cedar 

Montgomery.... 
Montgomery.... 

Lawrence , 

Barnwell 

Kewaunee , 

Point  Couple... 

Marion 

Marion 

Mower 

Columbia « 

Fayette 

Nemaha 

Bed  Willow 

Goodhue 

Santa  Clara 

Sonoma 

Jefferson 

San  MateO 

Redwood 

Redwood 

St.  Clair , 

Will 

Seneca 

Dauphin 

Osceola , 

Anderson 

Missaukee 

Newberry 

Cabarrus 

Aroostook 

Wayne 

Sauk 

Sauk 

Ontario 

Delaware 

Meigs 

Manitowoc 

Putnam 

Buncombe 

Kent 

Tuscola 

Dodge 

Clinton 

Daviess 

Franklin. „ 

Marion 

Lancaster 

Refugio 

Perry 

Bristol 

Berks 

Clarion 

Tatnall ».., 

Albany.- 

Rockingham  .., 
Spartanburg..., 
Spartanburg..., 

Wells 

Butler 

Nemaha 

Schuylkill , 

Morgan 

Grundy „., 

Polk , 

Lebanon , 

Nevada. , 

Jasper 

Wood 

Wood- 

Oneida 

Stevens , 

Perry 

Bandolph 


Leavenworth., 
Leavenworth., 

Beno 

Pope 

Washoe 

Clinton 

Jasper 

St.  Lawrence., 

Albany 

Albany 

BenviUe 


State. 


Del 

Ohio 

Pa 

Ill 

Mich.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Mo 

S.C 

Wis 

La 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Minn... 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Kan 

Neb....- 
Minn ... 

Cal 

Cal 

N.  Y 

Cal 

Minn ... 
Minn  ... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ohio 

Pa 

Mich..., 

Kan 

Mich.... 

S.C 

N.C 

Me 

Ohio...., 

Wis 

Wis 

N.  Y 

Ind 

Ohio.... 

Wis 

Ind 

N.  C 

Md 

Mich... 

Wis 

Ohio.... 

Ind 

Iowa... 

S.C 

Pa 

Tex 

Ohio 

Mass.... 

Pa , 

Pa 

Ga.. 

N.Y 

N.  C.„.., 

S.  C 

s.  c 

Ind 

Ohio 

Kan 

Pa 

Ohio 

Iowa.... 
Minn  .., 

Pa 

Cal 

Ind 

Wis 

Wis 

N.  Y 

Minn  .., 

Ohio 

Mo 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Minn... 

Nev 

Pa 

Ind 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Minn..., 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


694 
2,222 
1,315 


1,849 
957 


1,334 


1,152 

775 


4,260 
1,353 


2,771 

1,334 

353 


702 
130 
2,290 
422 
64 


1,631 
647 


1,121 


1,671 

70t 

1,816 


1,895 


2,679 


1,612 


1,890 


1,184 


254 

i,o;« 

1,940 
617 


2,492 


78 
163 
241 
71 
618 
603 

4,646 

3,755 
49 

1,761 

1,582 
143 

1,247 

119 

488 

92 

1,068 
528 
24 

6,876 

2,244 
913 
641 

1,383 
981 
100 
94 

6,981 

1,527 
324 

1,091 

1,294 
323 

2,244 
667 
109 
148 

2,546 

1,331 
76 
61 
192 
140 
122 

1,762 
89 
344 
248 
245 

1,682 
763 

2,907 
34 
4C5 
162 

1,891 
366 
87 
106 
227 

1,316 

4,420 
266 
34 

1,499 
801 

1,452 
126 
482 
208 
80 
122 
761 
196 
33 

1,195 
231 
349 
460 
31 
087 
43 

2,116 
342 

1,302 

3,708 
968 
409 

2,488 
393 
232 


1  Sine*  1870,  area  reduced. 


873 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


.nrl)..lii,l. -f 


Brpiibl  lc..» ...tp. 

K«|>iiMlo __p.h. 

Be|>iil'lic....>....»_.p.tp. 

Kcpiibliu ».-.p.h. 

R«pu  M  ic _.....p.v. 

Ileptil'llcan tp. 

Kopublican  City  ...p.r. 

Beaaca ..~.p.T. 

Be8erre....« tp. 

Btwrve tp. 

JtMerr* ..^.tp. 

Xetrest......^. p.h. 

]lever« _ p.tp. 

Bexford  FlaU p.v. 

Bey  Holds p.v. 

Beynolds....«........tp. 

B«,vnold« p.r. 

Bey  Holds _..p.T. 

Beynold8..............tp. 

Beyiiolda tp. 

Bey  noldsbu  rg p.r. 

BeynoldsoD ......p.tp. 

B«ynoldsTiUe p.b. 

Bhine ....p.tp. 

Bhinebeck..... tp. 

Khinobeck p.T. 

Bblnecliff p.r. 

Bittlto b. 

Bib  Falls .....p.tp. 

Bice tp. 

Bice tp. 

Bice „.p.h. 

Klce „ „.tp. 

Bice ~-.p.h. 

Bice  Lake tp. 

Bice  Lake tp. 

Bice  Lnke._ p.r. 

Biceland._ tp. 

Bice's  Lauding p.r. 

Bicoville p.r. 

Bicerille «.p.b. 

BiceviUe „p.r. 

Bich tp. 

Bich p.tp. 

Bldi tp. 

Bichardsville p.h. 

Bichnrdsrille p.h. 

Bichbo  rough.. p.r. 

Bichburg p.r. 

Bichfield tp. 

Bichfield p.h. 

Bicbfleld p.tp. 

Bichfield p.tp. 

Bichfield p.tp. 

Bichfield tp. 

Bichfield tp. 

Bichfield p.tp. 

Bichfield p.r. 

Bichfield tp. 

Bichfield tp. 

Bichfield p.r. 

Bichfield  Spring8...p.r. 

Bichford „.tp. 

Bichfurd „.p.r. 

Bichford tp. 

Bichford p.r. 

Bichford tp. 

Bichford ...p.h. 

Bich  Grore tp. 

Bich  Hill p.h. 

Bich  Hill tp. 

Bich  Hill tp. 

Bichhill tp. 

Bichland, p.h. 

Bichliiiid tp. 

Bichland tp. 

Bichland tp. 

Bichland tp. 

Bichland  1 tp. 

Bichland tp. 

Bichland tp. 

Bichland tp. 

Bichland tp. 

Bichland tp. 

Bichland tp. 

Bichland tp. 

Bichland tp. 

Bichland tp. 

Bichland p.r. 

Bichland. tp. 

Sichlaud..... tp. 


CoMitjr* 


aay ~~... 

Uvpublic 

Marquette.... 

Cireeue 

Seneca «. 

JefTeraun ..._. 

Harlan... 

Gordon 

Parke- 

Bamsey 

Alleghany.... 

Jackson- 

Suflulk 

Saratoga 

Taylor 

Lee- 

Bock  Island- 
White 

Montcalm 

Todd 

Franklin 

Gates.- 

Jefferson 

Sheboygan.... 

Dutchess 

Dutchess 

Dutchess 

Butler 

Marathon-.., 
Jo  Daviess.... 

Binggold 

Cloud , 

Sandusky  -... 

Nararro- 

St.  Louis 

Barrou 

Barron 

Freeborn 

Greene 

Mitchell 

Crawford 

McMinn 

Cook 

Anderson 

Lapeer 

Warren 

Jefferson 

Bucks , 

Chester 

Adams 

Adams 

Genesee 

Hennepin 

Otsego 

Henry „., 

Lucas 

Summit 

Sevier. 

Adams 

Washington... 
Washington... 

Otsego 

Tioga 

Tioga 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Waushara 

Waushara. 

Pulaski 

Bates 

Livingston.... 
Bluskingum-. 

Greene 

Union 

La  Salle 

Marshall 

Shelby 

Benton 

Do  Kalb 

Fountain 

Fulton 

Grant 

Greene 

Jay 

Madison 

Miami 

Monroe  - 

Kush 

Bush 

Steuben 

Whitley 


State. 


Kan-. 

Kan.. 
Mich. 
Mo,.... 

Ohio 

Ind 

Neb 

Oa. 

Ind 

Minn., 

Pa 

Ind 

Mass.,. 
N.  Y-,. 

Ga 

Ill- 

Ill 

Ind 

Hlch,„ 
Minn .. 
Ohio..,, 
N.  C-.. 

Pa 

Wis. 

N.  Y_.., 

N,Y 

N.  Y-.., 

Ohio 

Wis. 

111 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Ohio..... 
Tex.-... 
Minn... 

Wis 

Wis 

Minn ... 

Pa 

Iowa.,,, 

Pa 

Tenn ... 

Ill 

Kan 

Mich..,. 

Ky 

Pa 

Pa. 

S.  0 

Ill 

Ill 

Mich,., 
Minn... 

N.  Y 

Ohio...,. 
Ohio .... 
Ohio-... 
Dtab.... 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  Y-„. 

Vt- 

Vt 

Wis 

Wis 

Ind 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio 

Pa 

Dakota. 
III-.. 

ni-,. 

HI-,. 
Ind.. 
Ind.. 
Ind.. 
Ind.. 
Ind.. 
Ind.. 
Ind.. 
Ind.. 
Ind.. 
Ind.. 
Ind.. 
Ind.. 
Ind.. 
Ind,, 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


850 


481 
1,1^ 


429 
1,6U0 


1,197 


742 


8U6 
467 


467 

988 


1,072 
3,719 
1,322 


1,539 


1,496 


1,421 
9;!0 

1,831 
396 
822 

1,018 


266 
1,664 


696 
1,434 


1,481 


1,404 
2,470 


730 

920 
1,063 

646 
1,825 
1,759 
1,314 
1,065 
2,143 
1,342 
1,066 
1,600 
1,486 

917 


653 
1,723 


1,017 

60 

1,787 

81 

716 

1,066 

282 

191 

1,660 

490 

1,786 

42 

2,2G:i 

163 

278 

743 

192 

370 

1,669 

470 

375 

1,184 

1,410 

1,542 

3,902 

1,669 

686 

86 

674 

676 

666 

37 

949 

63 

63 

464 

362 

783 

116 

191 

314 

285 

1,702 

1,139 

881 

77 

8:1 

177 

121 

1,372 

79 

1,571 

1,501 

2,516 

857 

1,070 

1,253 

1,197 

308 

1,708 

137 

1,307 

1,477 

317 

1,818 

789 

449 

60 

492 

30 

1,027 

1,404 

2,795 

38 

778 

807 

1,140 

1,151 

1,350 

1,913 

1,329 

1,028 

2,56.3 

2,036 

985 

1,672 

1,610 

941 

119 

742 

1,917 


PUhOfc 


Bichland- tp, 

BIchlund. tp. 

Bichland  _ tp. 

Bichland- tp. 

Bichland  - tp. 

Biuhlaud  - tp. 

Bichland  - tp. 

Bichland tp. 

Bichland- tp. 

lUchland tp. 

Bichland- „ tp. 

Richland .......tp. 

Bichland p.r. 

Bichland tp. 

Bichland- tp. 

Bichland tp. 

Bichland- tp. 

Bichland- tp. 

Bichland- tp, 

Bichland tp. 

Bichland- tp. 

Bichland- tp. 

Bichland- tp, 

Bichland- tp, 

Bichland  - tp. 

Bichland  -...„ tp, 

Bichland tp, 

Bichland tp, 

Bichland .- p.r, 

Bichland  - tp. 

Bichland tp. 

Bichland tp, 

Bichland -tp. 

Bichland p.tp. 

Bichland tp, 

Bichland tp, 

Bicliland tp, 

Bichland tp. 

Bichland -tp, 

Bichland tp, 

Bichland ,p.r. 

Bichland tp. 

Bichland tp. 

Bichland tp. 

Bichland tp. 

Bichland p.tp, 

Bichland tp. 

Bichland tp. 

Bichland tp. 

Bichland tp, 

Richland tp, 

Bichland tp, 

Bichland tp, 

Bichland -tp. 

Bichland tp. 

Bich  land , tp, 

Bicliland tp, 

Bichland v. 

Bichland tp. 

Bichland  „ tp. 

Bichland tp, 

Bichland tp, 

Bichland tp. 

Bichland tp, 

Bichland tp, 

Bichland tp, 

Bichland tp, 

Bichland tp. 

Bichland  Centre  ,..p.r, 

Bichland  Grove tp, 

BIchlands p.tp. 

Bichland  Station. ..p.v. 

Bichlandtown p.v, 

Bichman tp, 

Bichmond p.v, 

Bichmond tp, 

Bichmond p.T, 

Bichmond c, 

Richmond p.r, 

Bichmond tp, 

Bichmond p.h. 

Bichmond tp. 

Bichmond p.r. 

Richmond tp. 

Bichmond p.r, 

Richmond p.tp. 

Bichmond tp. 

Bichmond p.r, 

Bichmond tp. 

Bichmond  ,„.. tp, 

Bichmond p.tp. 


Oennty. 


Adair 

Carroll 

Chickaiiaw,. 

Decatur 

Delaware-.. 

Dickinson-. 

Franklin.,,. 

Guthrie-.,.. 

Jackson  .„.. 

Jasper 

Jones 

Keokuk-.., 

Keokuk 

Lyon 

Mahaska,,.. 

Sac _, 

Story  

Tama- 

Wapello 

Warren 

Butler 

Cowley 

Harvey 

Jewell 

Labette-.,,, 

Miami 

Hepublic..,. 

Kalamazoo. 

Kalamazoo. 

Missaukee.. 

Montcalm.. 

Ogemaw,,,. 

Saginaw 

Bice 

Barton. 

Douglas 

Gasconade.. 

Macon 

Morgan-,,.. 

Ozark 

Pulaski 

Putnam 

Scott 

Stoddard..,. 

Vernon 

Oswego 

Beaufort.,,, 

Bandolph,,, 

Allen 

Belmont.,,, 

Clinton 

Durke 

Defiance 

Fairfield 

Guernsey,-,. 
Holmes 

Logan 

Logan 

Marion 

Vinton 

Wyandot 

Alleghany,,. 

Bucks 

Cambria 

Clarion 

Venango 

rnwell 

Bichland.,,,. 

Bichland 

Mercer 

Onslow 

Lebanon 

Bucks 

Wayne 

Little  Eiver. 
McHenry .... 
McHenry .... 

Wayne 

Washington. 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Nemaha 

Madison 

Sagadahoc, 
Sagadahoc, 
Berkshire.,,, 

Macomb 

Macomb 

Marquette,., 

Osceola Mich.. 

Winona Minn 


Iowa,,,. 
Iowa,,.. 
Iowa... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa... 
Iowa  ,„ 
Iowa.,, 
Iowa,,, 
Iowa,,, 
Iowa,,, 
Iowa.,. 
Iowa.,, 
Iowa... 
Iowa.., 
Iowa.,,, 
Iowa.,., 
Iowa,,,. 
Iowa,.,. 
Iowa. ... 
Iowa.,,, 
Kon-„. 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kau 

Kan 

Mich.,,, 
Mich..., 
Mich,... 
Mich..,, 
Mich.... 
Mich  ... 
Minn .. 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo ...... 

Mo....... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N,  C-.., 

N,  C 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio-,.. 
Ohio-,.. 
Ohio..,. 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio-.,, 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa, 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa. 

8.  C 

Wis 

Wis.-.., 

Ill 

N,  C 

Pa. 

Pa 

Iowa..,, 

Ark 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.,,, 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Ky 

Me 

Jle 

Mass 

Mich 
Mich 
Mich 


874 


>  In  1875,  part  to  Keyser, 


POPULATION  0¥  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  KETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Richmond tp. 

Richmond tp. 

Richmond p.v. 

Richmond tp. 

Richmond p.h. 

Richmond tp. 

Richmond p.h. 

Ricliniond tp, 

Richmond tp. 

Richmond p.v. 

Richmond tp. 

Richmond .tp. 

Richmond li. 

Richmond tp. 

Richmond tp. 

Richmond p.v. 

Richmond p.v. 

Richmond tp. 

Richmond p.v. 

Richmond c. 

Richmond tp. 

Richmond p.tp. 

Riclimond  City.„...v. 

Richmond  Corners.v. 

Richmond  Dale p.v. 

Richmond  villa tp. 

Richmondville p.v. 

Rich  Pond  Grovo...p.v. 

Rich  Squarfl tp. 

Rich  Sqnare p.h. 

Rich  Valley tp. 

Rich  View p.v. 

Richrille _ p.v, 

Richvillo T. 

Richvillo p.T. 

'  Richifood tp. 

I  Rich  wood tp. 

'  Richwood p.h. 

'   Biclnvood tp. 

'   Richwood p.v, 

'■   Richwood p.v. 

i  Richwood tp. 

'  Rlchwooda tp. 

I  Rich  woods tp. 

j   lUchwoods tp. 

!   Richwoods p.tp. 

[  Ricks tp. 

i  Rico p.v. 

I   Riddervold tp. 

i   Riddle's  Banks v. 

'   Kiddlesbnrg p.v, 

■   Riddleville p.v. 

Ridenhour's tp. 

'  Rider's  Mills p.h. 

:   Ridge tp. 

'[   Ridge tp. 

Eidge tp, 

Bidgo tp. 

I  Bidge tp. 

Wdgo tp. 

Bidgebnry p.tp. 

Bidge  Farm p.v. 

Bldgefleld tp. 

Bidgefleld p.v. 

Bidgefield p.v. 

Bidgefield tp. 

Bidgefield p.v, 

Bidgefield tp, 

Bidgefield  Park p.h. 

'  Bidgoland tp. 

Bldgeley p.h. 

Bldgely p.h. 

Bidgcly tp. 

^'Wogeport h. 

'  itidge  Prairie p.h. 

Bidge  Spring v. 

iBidgevicw h. 

. Bidge  rille p.v. 

'Bldgeville v. 

Bidgevllle tp, 

Bldgeville tp, 

Bldgeville p.h. 

Bldgeville p.v. 

Bldgeville tp. 

aidgeway p.^. 

Bldgeway p.tp. 

Bidge  way tp. 

Bldgeway p.v. 

Bldgeway p.v. 

Bldgeway p.tp, 

Rldgewood p.tp. 

Rldgway p.v. 

Ridgway tp. 


Connty, 


^o^v8rd- 

Bay 

Ray 

Cheshire 

Cheshire 

Ontario 

Richmond 

Ashtabula 

Huron 

Jefferson 

Berks 

Crawford 

Indiana 

Tioga 

Washington 

Fort  Bend 

Cache 

Chittenden 

Cliittendeu 

Heniico 

Shawano 

Walworth 

Spencer 

Cheshire 

Ross 

Schoharie.. 

Schoharie 

Warren 

Northampton... 
Northampton... 

McLood 

Washington 

St.  Lawronco.... 

Morgan  _ 

Addison 

Peoria 

Becker 

Becker 

McDonald 

Union 

Dodgn 

Richland 

Calhoun 

Jersey 

Miller 

Washington 

Christian 

Dolores 

Polk 

Now  Castle 

Bedford 

Washington 

Stanley 

Columbia 

Jackson 

Shelby 

Dickinson 

Van  Wert._ 

Wyandot 

Williamshurg.- 

Bradford 

Vermilion 

Fairfield 

Fairfield 

McIIenry „ 

Bergen 

Bergen 

Huron 

Bergen 

Iroquois 

Platte 

Caroline 

Nicollet , 

Boone 

Saline 

Edgefield ^ 

Miami 

Randolph 

Carroll 

Henry 

Lorain 

Warren 

Colleton„ 

Monroe 


Lenawee... 

Orleans , 

Orleans 

Hardin 

Iowa 

Bergen 

Gallatin...... 

Elk 


State. 


Population. 


1870.       1880, 


Ho.. 
Mo... 
Mo... 
N.H. 

N.n 

N.  Y. 

N.Y. 

Ohio, 

Ohio, 

Oliio, 

Pa.... 

Pa.... 

Pa.... 

Pa.... 

R.  I. 

Tex., 

Utah.... 

Vt... 

Vt 

Va... 
Wis.. 
Wis.. 
Ind... 
N.H 
Ohio. 
N.Y. 
N.Y. 
Ky.. 
N.C. 
N.  0. 
Minn ... 

Ill 

N.  Y.., 
Utah., 

Vt 

Ill 

Minn . 
Minn 
Mo...., 
Ohio.. 
Wis... 
Wis... 

Ill 

Ill 

Mo...., 
Mo.... 

Ill 

Col.... 
Minn 
Del ... 
Pa .... 

Ga 

N.C.„ 
N.  Y_ 

111 

Ill 

Kan.. 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 
S.C..., 

Pa 

Ill 

Conn. 
Conn. 

Ill 

N.  J... 
N.  J... 
Ohio.. 
N.  J... 

HI 

Mo.... 
Md.... 
Minn 
Iowa. 
Mo.... 
S.  C... 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Md ... 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 
S.  C... 
Wis.„ 
Kan.. 
Mich. 
N.Y.. 
N.  Y.. 
Ohio., 
Wis... 
N.  J„ 

111 

Pa 


2,988 
6,581 
1,218 


1,622 


405 
2,874 
l,-399 


1,558 

2,064 

816 

817 

1,309 


61,038 

639 

1,017 


2,307 


3,133 
"'627 


1,239 


833 
436 


1,378 
1,111 


1,361 
760 
414 


1,056 
1.139 


1,406 

684 

1,426 

1,476 


1,919 


2,533 


7C4 
1,477 


829 
1,141 

992 
6,096 

118 

177 
2,489 


3,606 

6,068 

1,424 

669 

37 

1,772 

88 

1,011 

1,014 

491 

2,226 

1,490 

93 

1,612 

1,949 

1,156 

1,198 

1,264 

621 

63,600 

706 

882 

285 

14;$ 

234 

2,082 

653 

146 

3,619 

63 

091 

659 

339 

128 

106 

1,282 

439 

45 

809 

1,317 

118 

1,515 

1,193 

1,147 

2,283 

1,127 

1,606 

894 

200 

392 

222 

195 

876 

62 

1,396 

1,013 

405 

1,587 

639 

2,001 

1,489 

237 

2,028 

1,685 

107 

3,952 

221 

2,359 

77 

805 

84 

81 

348 

76 

46 

328 

45 

775 

104 

1,119 

1,600 

74 

250 

1,286 

2,696 

1,107 

5,495 

119 

342 

2,348 

1,478 

174 

1,480 


Place. 


Ridgway.... .p.b. 

Ridley tp, 

Ridley  Park p.v. 

Bidott tp. 

Ridott p.v, 

RiegelsvlUo p.v, 

Rienzi p.v. 

Rietbrock tp. 

Riga tp. 

Riga. _p.v, 

Riga p.tp, 

Riley tp. 

Riley ; p.tp. 

.tp. 
.p.tp 
.tp. 
,.tp. 
..tp. 
..p.h. 
.p.v, 
..p.v, 
,.p.b. 


Riley 

Riley ,-..„. 

Riley 

Riley 

Riley 

Riley  Centre 

Riley's  Station.., 

Rimer , 

Rimersburg , 

Rindgo p.tp, 

Rinp:gold p.v. 

Ringgold p.h. 

Ringgold p.v. 

Ringgold p.h. 

Ringgold p.h. 

Ringgold. p.tp. 

Bingoes p.v. 

Ring's  Island v. 

Ringwood p.v, 

Rio tp. 

Rio p.v. 

Rio p.v. 

Rio  Grande p.v. 

Rio  Vista tp. 

Rio  Vista p.v. 

Ripley tp. 

Ripley .p.v. 

Ripley tp. 

Ripley tp. 

Ripley._ tp. 

Ripley tp. 

Ripley p.h. 

Ripley tp. 

Rililey p.v. 

Ripley p.tp, 

Ripley p.v. 

Ripley.- tp. 

Ripley tp. 

Ripley p.v. 

Ripley  Landing p.v, 

Ri|jon tp. 

Rit>on „,.c. 

Rippey p.v, 

Rippon p.h, 

Rippy's tp. 

Ripton p.tp. 

Rising  Fawn p.v. 

Rising  Sun p.v. 

Rising  Sun p.v. 

Rising  Sun p.v. 

Rising  Sun p.h. 

RisingviUe p.h. 

Risley tp. 

Ritter tp. 

River tp. 

River. „,,tp. 

River tp. 

River  Bend tp. 

Riverdale p.v. 

Riverdale v. 

Riverdale p.v. 

Riverdale tp. 

River  Falls tp. 

River  Falls p.v. 

River  Forest v, 

Rivorhcad tp. 

Riverhead p.v. 

River  Junction p.h. 

River  Point p.v. 

Riverside tp. 

Riverside p.v. 

Riverside v. 

Riverside tp. 

Riverside tp. 

Riverside p.v. 

Riverside p.v. 

Riverside tp. 

Riverside.. tp. 

Riverside p.v. 

Riverside p.v. 


Coonty. 


Elk 

Delaware 

Delaware , 

Stephenson 

Stephenson 

Bucks 

Alcorn 

Marathon. 

Lenawee 

Lciiaweo 

Monroe. 

McHenry 

Vigo 

Ringgold 

Clinton 

St.  Clair , 

Putnam 

Sandusky.. 

Riley 

Marion 

Armstrong 

Clarion 

Cheshire 

Catoosa , 

Ringgold „ 

Bienville , 

Washington 

Morgan 

Jefferson , 

Hunterdon 

Essex 

Halifax.. 

Knox 

Knox 

Columbia.. 

Cape  May 

Solano 

Solano 

Brown 

Brown 

Montgomery .. 

Rush 

Butler 

Somerset 

Somerset 

Dodge 

Tippah 

Chautauqua..., 

Brown 

Holmes 

Hirron 

Ijunderdale 

Jackson , 

Fond  du  Lac... 
Fond  du  Lac... 

Greene 

Jefferson 

Cleveland 

Addison 

Dade 

Ohio 

Cecil 

Wood 

Crawford 

Steuben 

Marion , 

Moore 

Cleveland 

Jackson 

Warren , 

Gaston 

Cook , 

Worcester 

Gratiot 

Watonwan 

Pierce 

Pierce , 

Cook 

Suffolk 

Suffolk 

Johnson. , 

Kent 

Cook 

Cook 

Clinton.. 

Fremont „ 

Lyon 

Washington 

Franklin 

Missaukee , 

Lac  Qui  Parle . 

Burlington 

Hamilton 


SUte, 


Population, 


1870,     1880. 


Pa. 

Pa. 

1,142 

Pa 

Ill 

1,915 

Ill 

Pa 

Miss 

Wis 

Mich.... 

1,640 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

2,171 

Ill 

882 

Ind 

1,492 

Iowa.... 

Mich.... 

1,139 

Mich.... 

1,664 

Ohio 

1,084 

Ohio 

1,461 

Kan 

Kv 

Pa 

Pa 

324 

N.  H 

1,107 

Ga. 

316 

Iowa.... 

La  

Md 

166 

Ohio 

79 

Pa 

1,006 

N.  J 

Moss .... 

,,„, 

N.  C 

Ill 

1,133 

Ill 

>Vis 

N.J 

Cal 

88S 

Cal 

Ill 

693 

Ill    

Ind 

1,433 

Ind 

1,841 

Iowa.... 

29£ 

Me 

684 

Me 

Minn.... 

294 

Miss 

422 

N.  Y 

1,946 

Ohio 

2,3-23 

Ohio 

1,101 

Ohio 

1,089 

Tenn.... 

632 

W.  Va... 

226 

Wis 

4,119 

Wis 

2,976 

Iowa.... 

W.  Va... 

N.  C 

i,222 

Vt 

617 

Ga  

Ind 

1,760 

Md 

277 

Ohio 

Wis 

N.  Y 

Kan 

N.  C 

1,.524 

N.  C 

471 

N.C 

N.C 

1,500 

N.C 

2,248 

HI 

Mich.... 

Minu  ... 

259 

Wis 

1,217 

Wis 

741 

Ill  

N.  Y 

•3,461 

N.  Y 

Iowa.... 

,.,, 

R  I...... 

Ill  

Ill 

Iowa. ... 



Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 



Mass.... 

Mich.... 

„.. 

Minn ... 

N  J  .... 

Ohio 

1,100 

2,6X1 

439 

2,011 

213 

308 

816 

409 

2,320 

213 

2,221 

864 

1,632 

404 

1,801 

2,002 

1,484 

1,621 

93 

143 

127 

834 

634 

436 

14 

133 

199 

80 

1,078 

298 

207 

137 

1,126 

188 

230 

241 

1,232 

6G6 

632 

418 

1,349 

1,986 

453 

650 

64 

S84 

637 

1,990 

2,546 

1,35» 

1,^8 

353 

425 

4,274 

3,117 

192 

65 

1,665 

672 

827 

1,806 

314 

344 

63 

34 

698 

1,761 

602 

3C7 

1,417 

2,689 

450 

230 

144 

301 

2,516 

1,499 

102 

3,939 

1,757 

25 

685 

493 

450 

623 

SOO 

128 

412 

S46 

158 

319 

377 

1.'268 


875 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


.^CENSUS  RETURNS  OP  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PUo*. 


Ooaniy. 


BiTenlde .....>.p.b, 

JUverside p.li. 

Bivertoii p.v. 

Biverton p.T. 

Blverron tp. 

Kivertuu tp. 

Rirerton ~..tp. 

Bivprton p.v. 

Biverton h. 

Blvurton p.tp, 

Biverton p.r. 

BivertoQ p.T. 

Biver  View „...p.li. 

Btret tp. 

BIto« p.T. 

BireRTille p.r. 

BItoU._ tp. 

Bixford ....p.v. 

Bix'B  Mills p.y. 

Blxvlllo h. 

Boachville p.h. 

Bimdstown _.p.Ii. 

Bonnii p.v. 

Roanoke p.v. 

Bonnoke tp. 

Boaiioke «.p.T. 

Boaiioke p.v. 

Bonnoke -.p.v. 

Boaiioke li. 

Boanoko ».tp. 

Boaring  Brook tp. 

Bo.irlng  Croek tp. 

Boarlng  River p.lp. 

Roaring  Spring p.v. 

Boiirk tp. 

Boblj tp. 

Bobbiiigton p.tp. 

Bobbinsville p.h. 

Bobbiosville p.h. 

Boborsonviile tp. 

Bubersoiivillo p.v. 

Boberts p.v. 

Boberts ..tp. 

Boberts tp. 

Bobertri h. 

Robertgdalo p.v. 

Rol>prt8ville p.v. 

Rolwson tp. 

Robesouia v. 

RobesoniaFuruacos.p.v. 

Robideaux tp. 

Robingou tp. 

Robinson p.v. 

Robinson tp. 

Robinson tp. 

Robinson p.v. 

Robinson p.tp. 

Robinson  > tp. 

Robinson* tp. 

Robinson tp. 

Robinson's v. 

Robinson  Spring  ...v. 

Robinsonvillo p.h. 

Rob  Roy „ p.h. 

Roby's  Corner p.v. 

Boca p.v. 

Bocbdale p.v. 

Bochdale v. 

Bochelle p.v. 

BoclieiX)rt p.v. 

Bochester tp. 

Bochcster p.v. 

Bix;he8ter h. 

Rochester tp. 

Rochester p.v. 

Rochester h. 

Rochester p.tp. 

Rochester „..p.  v. 

Rochester p.tp. 

Rocliester ~.p.v. 

Rochester c. 

Rochester tp. 

Rocliester* tp. 

Rt)cliester p.v. 

Rochester tp. 

Rochester p.v. 

Rochester c. 

Rochester tp, 

Rocliester tp. 

Rochester .t. 

Bochester .p.b. 


Northumberland, 

I'rovidence 

Litchtteld- ».. 

Sangamon, 

Clay 

Floyd , 

Fremont 

Fremont 

Greenup 

Mason 

Fianklin 

nnrlingtou 

Fayette 

Jackson 

Obion « „. 

Marlon 

Mercer 

McKeau 

Muskingum- 

Colusa  

Putnam 

Ciinibcrland 

Wabash 

Randolph- 

Woodford 

Woodford 

Huntington 

Howard 

Randolph- 

Nurthiinipton 

Lackawanua 

Columbia 

Barry 

Blair , 

Gasconade 

Posey - 

Washington- 

Mercer 

Graham- 

Martin 

MarUn 

Ford 

Marshall 

Hampton- 

St.  Ci-olx , 

Huntingdon 

Stark 

Berks- 

Berks- 

Berks 

Puliiakl 

Crawford 

Crawford 

Posey 

Brown 

Brown , 

Ottjiwa 

Greene 

Alleghany , 

Washington 

Schuylkill 

KImoro 

Bedford 

Fountain 

Meniniac- 

Lancaster 

Worcester 

Dutchess 

Ogle „ 

Boone , 

Sangamon 

Sangamon 

Wobash...- 

Fulton 

Fulton 

Noble , 

Cedar 

Butler 

Plymouth- 

Oakland , 

Olmsted- 

Olmsted- 

Andrew 

Andrew „...., 

Strafford 

Strafford 

Monroe- » 

Ulster 

Lorain 

Warren- , 

Beaver „. 


P»- 

B.I 

Conn  ... 

Ill 

Iowa..- 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Ky 

Mich... 
Neb.-... 

N.  J 

W.Va.. 
Mich... 
Tenn  .. 
W.Va. 

Ill 

Pa- 

Ohio-.. 

Cal 

lud 

N.  J.-.. 

Ind 

Ala 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  0-.. 

Pa 

Pa 

Mo 

Pa 

Mo 

Ind 

Me 

N.  J  -.. 
N.  0-... 
N.  C-... 

N.  C 

Ill 

Ill 

S.  C 

Wis 

Pa 

Ohio-.. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Mo 

Ill 

Ill- 

Ind 

Kan-.. 
Kan  -.. 
Mich... 

Mo 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Ala 

Pa 

Ind 

N.  U..., 

Neb 

Mass..., 
N.  Y_... 

Ill 

Mo 

Ill 

Ill- 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa... 

Ky 

Mass.... 
Mich... 
Minn  .. 
Minn.. 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  H-.. 
N.  H-.. 
N.  Y.... 
N.Y-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Pa 


Population. 


187a      188a 


053 


1,345 


63 
1,208 


627 
220 


1,778 


48C 
6G7 


3,a'!3 

1,781 

820 


677 
1,851 


1,683 


406 
2,419 
2,275 

937 


823 
1,440 


3,726 
1,528 


787 

228 

1,024 


3,9rj3 
691 

2,672 


4,103 


62,386 

4.1 
691 
155 

2,091 


839 

74 

335 

708 

377 

969 

1,069 

497 

88 

681 

426 

686 

26 

1,338 

180 

136 

1,407 

1,127 

102 

62 

86 

71 

350 

327 

1,403 

355 

697 

215 

65 

2,275 

700 

653 

702 

489 

3,165 

1,778 

910 

83 

47 

1,346 

148 

228 

1,017 

2,639 

86 

694 

162 

2,322 

284 

156 

7G8 

2,874 

1,380 

1,733 

1,145 

210 

439 

1,299 

1,170 

1,798 

168 

109 

21 

46 

113 

115 

300 

129 

1,893 

728 

1,318 

307 

09 

4,448 

1,869 

65 

693 

189 

1,043 

996 

6,103 

612 

2,039 

212 

6,784 

4,683 

89,366 

4,109 

733 

116 

2,552 


Place. 


Rochester ........tp. 

Rochester tp. 

Rochester p.T. 

Rochester ...— tp. 

Bochester p.v. 

Rochester  Depot  ...p.v. 

Rochford » p.T. 

Rock ....-tp. 

Rock -.tp. 

Rock -tp. 

Rock ^...........-tp. 

Rock tp. 

Rock -....tp, 

llock ......tp. 

Rock -tp. 

Rock -tp. 

Rock tp, 

Rockaway tp. 

Rockaway p.T. 

Rock  Bluff. p.T. 

Bock  Branch tp. 

Rockbridge p.T. 

Rockbridge p.T. 

Rockbridge -..tp. 

Rockbridge p.b. 

Rock  Castle p.h. 

Rock  City p.v. 

Rock  City p.h. 

Rock  City  Fall8...-p.v. 

Rock  Creek p.tp, 

Rock  Creek .....tp. 

Bock  Creek tp. 

Rock  Creek tp. 

Rock  Creek ...p.tp. 

Rock  Creek tp. 

Rock  Creek tp. 

Rock  Creek tp. 

Rock  Creek tp. 

Rock  Creek tp. 

Rock  Creek p.tp. 

Rock  Creek tp. 

Rock  Creek tp. 

Rock  Creek tp. 

Rock  Creek p.tp. 

Rock  Creek tp. 

Rock  Creek tp. 

Rock  Creek p.v. 

Rock  Creek tp. 

Rock  Creek ....p.h. 

Rockdale p.h. 

Rockdale v. 

Rockdale tp. 

Rockdale v. 

Rockdale -p.T. 

Rock  Dell p.tp. 

Rock  Elm tp. 

Rock  Elm  Centre-.p.h. 

Rocker ...h. 

Rockerville p.T. 

Rock  Falls p.T. 

Rock  Falls p.T. 

Bock  Falls p.h. 

Rock  Falls tp. 

Rockfeller tp. 

Rockfield p.T. 

Rockfield p.T. 

Rockflsh -.tp. 

Rock  flsh -.v. 

Rock  fish  ..............p.tp. 

Rockford c. 

Rockford ......tp. 

Rockford ..M p.T. 

Rockford h. 

Rock  ford -tp. 

Rockford p.T. 

Rockford tp. 

Rockford tp. 

Rockford p.T. 

Rockford tp. 

Rockford. p.T. 

Rock  ford tp. 

Rockford p.tp. 

Rockford p.v. 

Rockford p.h. 

Rock  Grove p.tp. 

Rock  Grove tp. 

Rock  Hall p.v. 

Rock  Haven p.b. 

Rock  Hill...... tp. 

Rock  Hill p.h. 

Rock  Hill...... .......p.T. 


Oonntjr. 


Beaver 

Windsor. ».. 

Windsor 

Racine 

Racine 

Lorain 

Pennington- 

Cherokee,- 

Lyon 

Mitchell 

Sioux 

Woodbury 

MarNhall 

Pipe  Stone 

Jefferson 

Rock.- 

Wood 

Morris 

Morris....... 

Oass 

Norton 

Greene 

Monroe- 

Richland 

Richland 

Trigg 

Stephenson 

Dutchess 

Saratoga 

Carroll 

Hancock 

Bartholomew 

Carroll 

Huntington 

Wells 

Jasper 

Butler 

Coffey 

Cowley 

Jefferson 

Nemaha 

Pottawatomie 

Wabaunsee 

Pine 

Guilford 

Wilkes 

Ashtabula 

Dunn 

Albany 

Dubuque 

Worcester 

Crawford 

Delaware 

Milam 

Olmsted. 

Pierce 

Pierce 

Deer  Lodge 

Pennington.- 

Whiteside 

Ccrro  Gordo- 

Dunn 

Lincoln- 

Northumberland. 

Carroll 

Warren 

Cumberland 

Cumberland 

Duplin 

Wiuucbago— 

Winnebago.- 

Jackson 

Wells 

Flovd 

Flo'yd 

Pottawattamie.... 

Sedgwick- 

Kent 

Wright.- 

Wright 

Caldwell 

Surry - -.. 

Blount 

Harrison 

Stephenson 

Floyd 

Kent 

Meade 

Bucks 

Lancaster 

York 


8Ute. 


Pa- 

Vt 

Vt 

WU.-... 

Wis 

Ohio 

Dakota. 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Kan-... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

Wis.-.., 

Wis 

N,  J 

N,  J 

Neb.-... 
Kan- ... 

Ill- 

Ky 

Wis-.... 

Wis 

K 


^:- 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan  -... 
Kan  _... 

Kan 

Kan 

Minn... 

N.  C 

N.0-... 

Ohio 

Wis 

Wyom.. 
Iowa.... 
Mass.... 

Pa 

Pa. 

Tex 

Minn... 

Wis 

Wis 

Mon 

Dakota. 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Wis.-.,, 

Wis 

Pa 

Ind 

Ky 

N.  C 

N.  C 

N.  C 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Kan-... 
Mich.... 
Minn... 
Minn  ... 

Mo 

N.  C 

Tenn  ... 
AV.  Va- 
in  

Iowa.... 

Md 

Ky 

Pa- 

Pa. 

8. 0 


>  In  1873,  part  to  Franklin. 
876 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


»  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


POPULATION  OF   THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  KETUENS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Rockingham tp. 

^ckinghtim p.tp 

Rockingham p.tp. 

Itock  Island c. 

Kock  Lake p.tp. 

Kockland p.v. 

ilockland p.h. 

dockland c. 

ilockland p.tp. 

Itocklaiid p.tp. 

lockland p.tp. 

^cklnnU tp. 

Itockland p.tp 

iocklaud p.v. 

Wkland tp. 

tockland tp. 

tockland  Lake p.T. 

tockland  Mills h. 

tocklin p.v. 

tockmart p.v. 

lock  Mills p.tp 

tockport p.v. 

^ockport p.v, 

jockport p.v. 

tockport  _ p.v. 

liockport p.tp, 

itockport~ p.v. 

tockport p.tp 

tockport p.v. 

bkport p.v. 
k  Prairie tp. 

[ock  Prairie h, 

lock  Bun tp. 

;.ock  Run V. 

}ock  Springs p.v. 

Fjocksylvania h, 

l.ockton tp. 

[ock  ton p.v. 

(.ock  ton p.v. 

jockton p.h. 

lock  town V. 

iockvale tp. 
ock  Valley p.v. 
ockville p.T. 

Jockville p.tp. 

ockville p.v, 

i0ckville„ p.h. 

[ockville p.v. 

lockvillo p.tp, 

'ockville tp. 

lockville p.v. 

Mckville h. 

'ockville T. 

jockville p.h. 

pckville V. 

'M;kTilIe h. 

bckville p.T. 

bckville p.T. 

pckvillo h. 

Bckville  Centre. ..p.v. 

pckwall p.T. 

pckwell p.T. 

bckwell  City p.h. 

pckwood p.T. 

pckwood p.T. 

pckwood p.T. 

pckwood p.T. 

pcky  Brook p.T. 

pcky  Comfort p.T. 

pcky  Comfort p.T. 

pcky  Ford p.h. 

)CkyFork tp. 

)cky  GroTo tp. 

kky  Hill tp. 

[)cky  Hill p.T. 

kky  Hill p.v. 

icky  Mount tp. 

wky  Mount p.T. 

jicky  Mount tp. 

kky  Mount p.T. 

[icky  Point p.T, 

iioky  Point p.tp. 

kky  Point t. 

fcky  River tp. 

jckyRun tp. 

j«ky  Spring p.h. 

cky  Spring tp. 

|«ky  Springs tp. 

fdgersvillo h. 

Ionian tp, 

aman p.v. 


County, 

state. 

Population.     1 

1870. 

1880. 

Scott 

Iowa. ... 

N.C 

Vt 

Ill 

Minn  ... 
Del 

280 
1,456 
2,854 
7,890 

369 

2,482 

3,797 

11,659 

248 

393 

6 

7,599 

4,563 
887 

2,481 

1,527 

1,977 
382 
803 

1,234 
441 
85 
624 
450 

1,293 
204 

2,.382 
399 
924 

3,912 
715 

2,676 
121 
126 

1,097 
36 

2,202 
755 
763 
57 

1,687 
949 
100 
39 
207 
846 
100 

5,902 

1,075 

1,084 

23 

688 

660 

947 

315 

35 

109 

26 

251 

80 

218 

128 

71 

1,882 
215 
249 
90 
237 
2.54 
331 

1,011 
447 
222 
121 
47 

2,430 
901 

1,108 
400 
332 

1,850 
552 

1,702 
315 
200 

1,830 
113 

1,512 
844 
58 
758 

•621 
98 

1,517 
228 

Windham  „ 

Rock  Island 

Ill 

Mo 

Mass.,., 
Mich.... 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Pa 

B.I 

7,074 

'"i',479 

1,946 
1,451 
2,0(58 

Wis 

Wis 

N.  Y 

N.  H 

753 
889 
510 

Hilhbo  rough 

Placer 

Cal 

Ga 

542 

Polk 

S.  C 

Ill 

871 

Pike 

Ind 

Ky 

Me 

1,720 
173 

Ohio 

Essex 

Mass.... 

Mo 

Ohio 

Pa 

3,904 

490 

2,001 

Wood 

W.  Va... 
Mo 

Bade 

Mo 

Ill 

Pa 

2,242 

Wyom., 
Iowa,,,. 

Ill 

Ill 

'"i',827 

Clearfield 

Pa 

Wis 

Schuylkill 

Pa 

Ogle 

Ill 

Iowa,  ,„ 
Conn.,., 

Ill 

Ind 

Jf 

'"i',iT2 

1,187 

Tolland 

Parke 

Montgomery 

Md 

Minn  „, 
Mo 

660 
403 

B{ites 

Bates 

Mo 

Ohio 

Muskingum 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

S.O 

Utah.... 

Wis 

Wis 

N.  Y 

Tex 

Iowa. ... 
Iowa.... 
Ill 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Tenn  „. 
K.  I 

W'aslilngton 

Little  River 

Ark 

Mo 

Col 

Mo 

S.O 

1,870 

Hartford 

Conn.... 

971 

N.  J...... 

N.  C 

N.  0 

2,158 

Nash 

N.C 

Va 

Suffolk 

N.  Y 

N.  0. 

W.Va... 

N.C 

Ill 

Miss 

"'r,52l 
656 

Montgomery 

Aiken  

N.  C 

S.C 

Ky 

320 
458 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

1,604 

Place. 


Rodman  Furnace. ..T. 

Rodney p.v. 

Rogers tp. 

Rogers  » tp. 

Rogers  City p.T, 

Rogers  Park p.T. 

Rogersville. p.h. 

RogersTille T, 

Rogersville p.T. 

Rogei-sville p.T, 

Rohnerville tp, 

Rohnerville p.T. 

Rohrerstown T. 

RohrersTille p.T, 

Rohrsburg p,T, 

Roland tp, 

Rolesville .....p.T. 

Rolla' tp. 

Rolla p.T. 

Rolland tp. 

RollersTille p.h. 

Rollin tp. 

Rollin p.h. 

Rolling  Fork p.tp. 

Rolling  Fork p.h. 

Rolling  Green tp. 

Rolling  Prairie p.T, 

Rolling  Prairie tp. 

Rolling  Prairie p.h. 

Rolling  Stone tp. 

Rolling  Stone p.h. 

Rollington t, 

Rollinsford ...,, tp, 

Rollinaville p.T. 

Romansville p.h. 

Rome  2 c. 

Rome tp, 

Rome V. 

Rome p.h. 

Rome p.v. 

Rome p.v. 

Rome tp. 

Rome p.tp. 

Rome tp. 

Rome p.h. 

Rome tp. 

Rome tp. 

Rome c. 

Rome V. 

Rome p.tp. 

Rome tp.  { 

Rome h. 

Rome tp. 

Rome T. 

Rome tp. 

Rome p.b. 

Rome tp, 

Rome tp, 

Rome p.T, 

Rome  City p.T, 

Romeo p.T, 

RomerovlUe T. 

Romine tp. 

Romney p.T, 

Romulus p.tp. 

Romulus tp. 

Romulus p.T. 

Ronald tp. 

RonceTerte p.T. 

Ronkonkoma p.h. 

Rook's  Creek tp. 

Root tp. 

Root tp. 

Rootstown p.tp. 

Rosalia. p.tp. 

Roscoe p.tp. 

Roscoe tp. 

Roscoe p.h. 

Roscoe tp. 

Roscoe.. tp. 

Roscoe p.tp. 

Roscoe tp. 

Roscoe p.T. 

Roscoe p.T. 

Roscommon p.tp. 

Rose „ tp. 

Rose p.tp. 

Rose tp. 

Ruse tp. 

Rose tp. 

Rose p.T. 


Cotinty. 


Blair 

Jefferson 

Ford 

Presque  Isle. 
Presque  Isle. 

Cook 

Lauderdale.. 

Steuben 

Tuscarawas., 

Hawkins 

Humboldt.... 
Humboldt.... 
Lancaster.... 
Washington. 

Columbia 

Webster 

Wake 

Phelps 

Phelps 

Isabella 

Sandusky 

Lenawee 

Lenawee 

Pope 

Sharkey 

Martin 

La  Porte , 

Morris 

Dodge 

Winona 

Winona 

Oldham 

Strafford 

Gilpin 

Chester 

Floyd 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Peoria 

Perry 

Henry 

Jones 

Kennebec..,,, 

Lenawee 

Lenawee 

Faribault 

Polk 

Oneida 

Adams 

Ashtabula..., 

Athens , 

Franklin 

Lawrence ,... 

Richland 

Bradford 

Bradford 

Crawford 

Adams 

Jefferson 

Noble 

Macomb 

San  Miguel.., 

Marion 

Hampshire... 

Wayne 

Seneca 

Seneca 

Ionia 

Greenbrier.,, 

Suffolk 

Livingston  .„ 

Adams 

Montgomery, 

Portage , 

Butler 

Winnebago,,, 

Davis 

Graham 

Hodgeman,.., 

Reno , 

Goodhue 

St.  Clair 

St.  Clair„ 

Coshocton 

Roscommon.. 

Shelby 

Oakland 

Ogemaw 

Ramsey 

Wayne 

Wayne 


Population. 


1870.     1880. 


Pa 

Miss. 

Ill 

Mich. 
Mich, 

111 

Ala ... 
N.  Y., 
Ohio., 
Tenn 
Cal..„ 
Cal..., 
Pa  .,„ 
Md  „. 

Pa 

Iowa, 

N.C... 

Mo..., 

Mo.... 

Mich..., 

Ohio 

Mich.... 

Mich 

Minn.... 

Miss.... 

Minn .., 

Ind 

Kan .,.., 

Wis 

Minn  „ 
Minn  .. 

Ky. 

N.  U..,. 

Col 

Pa 

Ga 

Ill 

Ill 

HI 

Ind 

Iowa..., 
Iowa.... 

Me 

Mich 

Mich.... 
Minn  ... 
Minn ... 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Wis 

Wis 

Ind 

Mich.... 
N.  Mex. 

HI 

W.  Va... 
Mich.... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Mich.... 
W.  Va... 

N.Y 

HI 

Ind 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Kan 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Kan„.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Minn  ... 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio 

Mich.... 

HI 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn ... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 


573 
693 
365 


4,184 

1,364 

210 


1,615 
'"211 


1,600 


2,748 
1,289 


1,067 

726 

1,464 


11,000 


1,972 


2,096 


1,333 
230 

1,274 
143 


361 


893 

482 

1,463 

2,223 


1,353 


945 
1,252 
2,492 
1,169 


1,135 
670 


811 
922 
302 


1,494 
1,169 


750 
2,056 


217 

73:1 

775 

475 

32.5 

629 

61 

175 

212 

740 

909 

600 

411 

106 

146 

321 

115 

2,687 

1,582 

895 

99 

1,425 

76 

296 

91 

823 

427 

609 

49 


123 

1,712 
198 
64 

3,877 

1,494 

153 

78 

191 

276 

1,270 
606 

1,369 
98 
605 
121 
12,194 
225 
668 

2,207 
84 

2,512 
200 

1,045 
236 

1,324 
219 
214 
440 

1,629 
159 

1,000 
371 

1,741 

2,76.5 
178 

1,499 
395 
9« 

1,111 

1,270 

2,275 

1,217 
545 
933 
702 
27 
257 
328 

1,106 

1,253 
172 
681 
114 

1,330 

1,159 
263 
877 

2,241 
60S 


25 


1  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


*  Exclusire  of  South  Borne,  Foreitville,  and  De  Soto, 


377 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


tUM. 


XoMbogm tp. 

Boieboom p.r. 

Roce  Bud p.h. 

Boteburg -d. 

ItoMbarg....„ p.v. 

BoMcrau* P-b. 

Bom  Creek ~tp. 

Bom  Creek ?•▼• 

BoeetUle ~p.h. 

BoMdale .^ ?•▼• 

Boeedale^ •..?•▼• 

Bosedale >.p.T. 

Boeedell ~tp. 

BoMfleld p.tp. 

BoM  Grore M...p.tp. 

Bom  Hill p.T. 

Bom  Hill „......p.h. 

Bow  Hill p.tp. 

Bora  Hill tp. 

BoBe  Hill p.T. 

Itow  Lake tp. 

Boselaiid -p.T. 

Boael  le p.T. 

Boselle p.tp. 

Boeelle p.T. 

Boaemary tp. 

Bosemoud tp, 

Booemoud p.T. 

Boseiuouut ~.tp. 

Boseniount ~.p.T. 

Bosemlulo tp. 

Bosendalo p.T. 

BoMiidalo p.tp. 

Bosendale p.tp. 

Boseueath tp. 

Itose  Point p.T. 

Bose's  Bar tp. 

Bosetta p.li. 

Boeeville p.  v. 

Bo«erille p.T. 

BoMville »....tp. 

Boseville „p.T. 

KoseTille ~p.h. 

lioseville .li. 

Boseville tp. 

Boeeville _p.tp. 

Boeeville -p.T. 

Rosoville It. 

Boeeville -h. 

BoMviUe -b. 

Boeewood tp. 

Boeiclair p.v. 

Boeine —p.T. 

Bosita p.T. 

Boelyu —p.T. 

Boss tp. 

Boss tp. 

Boei tp. 

Boss _ tp. 

Boea tp. 

Boss p.h. 

Boss tp. 

Boss ~ tp. 

Boss tp. 

Boss tp. 

Boas tp. 

Boss tp. 

Bo«s...._ tp. 

Boss ^ tp. 

Boss tp. 

Boss tp. 

Boss tp. 

Boss tp. 

Boas _ tp. 

Bossean p.lt. 

Bossie ti>. 

Boesie p.T. 

Boss  Landing _t. 

Bossman's  Mills.... h. 

Boeston p.T. 

Bosfltown h. 

Bossville -p.T. 

BoesTille —p.T. 

Bossville >....-.tp. 

Bossville —p.T. 

Bossville —p.T. 

Bossville T. 

BoNTille -.p.b. 


Ooanty. 


Carroll -« 

JeffersoD 

Waushara 

Otsego 

Otsogo 

White 

Union 

Douglas- 

Lake ^. 

Bopublic 

Howor 

Jersey 

Parke «.. 

Wyandotte..., 

Iberville 

Rock „.. 

Peoria. 

Hamilton—... 

Slahaeka 

Mercer 

Cotton  wood.- 

Johnenn 

Darke 

Osceola 

Cook 

Du  Page 

Carroll 

Union 

Barnwoll 

Christian 

Chrietian 

Dakota 

Dakota 

Watonwan... 

Andrew 

Ulster 

Fond  du  Lac . 

Halifax 

Lawrence 

Yuba 

Brecken  ridge 

Logan 

Placer , 

Warren 

Warren  - , 

Barren , 

Hancock 

Grant 

Kandiyohi...., 
Muskingum... 

Perry 

Montgomery., 

Tioga , 

Chippewa , 

Hardin , 

Ohio 

Custer 

Queens 

Kdgar , 

Pike 

Vermilion , 

Clinton 

Lake , 

Lake 

Franklin 

Fremont 

Taylor ..., 

Cherokee 

Osborne 

Kalamazoo... 

Butler 

Greene 

Jefferson 

Wood , 

Alleghany.... 

Luzerne , 

Monroe 

Morgan , 

St.  Lawrence. 
St.  Lawrence. 

Marin 

Columbia- 

Cooke ^. 

Nevada— 

Vermilion 

Clinton 

Shawnee 

Shawnee ....... 

Richmond-..., 

Miami 

York 


Bute. 


Ohio-... 

Pa. 

Wis 

N.  Y 

N.  Y-... 
Ark.-,,, 

Ind 

Oregon, 

111 

Kan 

Minu,,. 

IlL 

Ind 

Kan  -... 

La 

Minn ... 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Ky 

Miun  ... 

Mo 

Ohio 

Mich.,.. 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa..,. 

N.  J 

S.  0 

Ill 

Ill 

Miun ... 
Minn,,. 
Miun  ... 

Mo 

N.  Y 

Wis 

N.  C 

Pa 

Cal 

Ky 

Ark 

Cal 

Ill 

Ill 

Ky 

Ky 

Minn... 
Minn... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Minn... 

Ill 

Ky 

Col 

N.  Y 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa..., 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Mich..., 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Ohio 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Cal 

N.Y 

Tex 

Ark 

Ill 

Ind 

Kan 

Kan 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Pa .. 


PopalatioD. 


1870.      1880. 


I,t06 

1,058 

397 

1,889 


1,108 

08 


1,439 


018 
1,107 


681 


3,625 
1,298 


1,191 


1,153 


1,738 
1,741 
1,C25 


1,314 
531 
449 


1,397 

1,705 

1,076 

085 


1,623 
990 
734 
49 

1,661 


1,195 

1,601 

464 

1,816 

168 

88 

42 

822 

49 

1,385 

144 

38 

207 

962 

125 

196 

1,220 

267 

199 

88 

123 

1,653 

113 

470 

772 

193 

821 

737 

863 

1,274 

240 

848 

116 

211 

128 

4,724 

1,193 

1,452 

245 

1,496 

63 

216 

258 

1,708 

804 

63 

59 

194 

286 

631 

96 

70 

188 

448 

368 

146 

1,008 

1,101 

1,306 

3)3 

2,654 

1,870 

1,584 

46 

624 

1,280 

738 

1,071 

1,119 

1,617 

1,693 

1,335 

741 

639 

1,976 

1,053 

710 

60 

1,709 

135 

252 

88 

114 

67 

708 

471 

1,406 

323 

677 

206 

74 


PUOA. 


..p.T. 
..p.T. 
.p.h. 
..p.tp. 


BossTlIle p.tp. 

Bossville -.p.T. 

Rostraver p.tp. 

RoB^Tell p.T. 

BothrocksTille T. 

Rothsvllle p.T. 

Rotterdam tp. 

Roubidoux p.tp. 

Rough  and  Reaily..p.tp. 

Roulet p.tp. 

Round  Grove tp. 

Round  Grore p.h. 

Bound  Grove p.tp. 

Round  Grove tp. 

Round  Grove p.T, 

Round  Grove tp. 

RoumI  Grove tp. 

Roundhead tp. 

Roundhead p.v. 

Round  Lake p.tp. 

Round  Mound p.tp. 

Round  Prairie tp. 

Round  Prairie tp. 

Round  Pniirio tp. 

Round  Rock p.T. 

Round  Springs tp. 

Round  Valley tp. 

Round  Valley h. 

Roundtree tp. 

Rouse's  Point p.T, 

Bouseville p.v. 

Rowe p.tp, 

Rowell tp. 

Rowesville p.T. 

Rowesville h. 

Rowland  Mills p.h. 

Rowlandsviile p.v, 

Bowlesburg. 
Rowlett's.... 

Rowley 

Rowley 

Rows p.v~ 

Kowville v. 

Rowzorsvllle p.T. 

Roxabel p.T, 

Roxana p.v, 

Ruxana P-tp. 

Koxborough tp. 

lioxborough p.T. 

Roxbury p.tp. 

Koxbury p.tp. 

Roxbury tp. 

Roxbury  1 tp. 

Roxbury tp. 

Roxbury p.T. 

Koxbury p.T. 

Roxbury p.tp, 

Roxbury p.tp, 

Iloxobel p.tp. 

Royal tp. 

Royal  Centre p.T. 

Royal  Oak ph. 

Roj'al  Oak tp. 

Koyiil  Oak p.T. 

Royalston p.tp. 

Royalton p.tp. 

Koyalton tp, 

Rovaltiin p.tp. 

Royalton tp. 

Royalton p.h. 

Royal  ton p.T. 

Royalton tp. 

Royalton tp. 

Royalton p.T. 

Royalton tp. 

Royalton p.v. 

Boyer's  Ford p.b. 

Itoyston p.v. 

Royville v. 

Rubens p.h. 

Rubicon tp. 

Rubicon tp. 

Rubicon p.h. 

Ruby p.T. 

Ruby  City v. 

Ruckersville p.h. 

Ruck8ville p.h. 

Rudfi tp. 

Kudd p.T. 

Ruddell's  Mills p.T. 

Rudolph p.tp. 


Connty. 


Chester.- 

Fayette 

Westmoreland.. 

Cobb 

Berks- 

Lancaster 

Schenectady 

Texas 

Nevada. 

Potter. 

Livingston 

Whiteside. 

White 

McLeod. 

Lawrence 

Macon 

Marion- 

Hardin 

Hardin 

Jackson 

Onborue 

Jefferson 

Todd 

Callaway 

Williamson...... 

Mitchell 

Mendocino 

Morgan- 

Montgomery .... 

Cliuton 

Venango 

Franklin 

Marion 

Orangeburg 

Bedford 

Hunterdon 

Cecil 

Preston- 

Hart 

Buchanan 

Essex , 

Ashland 

Tuscarawas. 

Franklin , 

Ross 

Sussex 

Eaton 

Person 

Person 

Litchfield 

Oxford 

Cheshire 

Morris 

Delaware 

Delaware , 

Franklin 

Wasliingtou , 

Dune 

Bertie 

Lincoln , 

Cass 

Talbot. 

Oakland 

Oakland 

Worcester , 

Berrien , 

Pine 

Niagara , 

Cuyahoga 

Cuyahoga- 

Fairfield , 

Fulton 

Windsor 

Windsor 

Waupaca 

Waui>aca 

Montgomery 

Franklin 

Lafayette 

Jewell 

Huron 

Dodge 

Dodge 

St.  Clair 

Gunnison 

Elbert 

Lehigh 

Floyd 

Floyd 

Bourbon 

Wood „. 


State. 


S.C.- 
Tenn.. 

Pa. 

Ga 

Pa-..., 

Pa. 

N.Y-, 
Mo .... 
Cal ..., 
Pa-..., 
III-..., 

Ill , 

Ind..., 
Minn 
Mo.... 
Mo...., 
Mo..., 
Ohio- 
Ohio-, 
Minn 
Kan  - 
Iowa.... 
Minn .., 

Mo 

Tex 

Kan 

Cal 

Utah.... 

Hi 

N.Y 

Pa 

Mass..., 

8.C 

S.C 

Tenu  .„ 

N.  J 

Md 

W.  Va. 

Ky 

Iowa..., 

Mass 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Ohio 

Del 

Mich.... 

N.  C 

N.  C-... 
Conn.... 

Me 

N.  H.... 

N.  J 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Pa. 

Vt 

Wis 

N.  C... 
Minn... 

Ind 

Md 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mass..., 
Mich  ... 
Minn... 
N.  Y-... 

Ohio 

Oliio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Vt 

Vt 

Wis 

Wis 

Pa 

Ga 

La. 

Kan 

Mich.... 

Wis 

Wis 

Mich.... 

Col 

Ga 

Pa. 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

K/ 

Wi», 


m- 


I  In  1871,  part  to  Mount  OltT*.  j^vHiim 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETUKNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Rnggles ptp. 

Jiiilo ~ pv. 

finnifonl ptp. 

Jtiimford- p.v. 

■Hiiniley tp. 

Humney tp. 

'lumney P-t. 

Uuniney  Depot p.h. 

Sumplitown p.li. 

/liinisoy p.v. 

Sunning  Water-... p.v. 

ilupert p.v. 

■iiipert tp. 

tiipert- p.v. 

iunil ~..p.fp. 

Itiiral tp. 

liural ~ ....p.h. 

lural ptp. 

{ural h. 

iural  Grove p.v. 

jjural  Retreat. p.v. 

liiral  Valley p.v. 

ituscomb  Manor  ...tp. 

lush tp. 

lush „.._ p.tp. 

lueh tp. 

lush tp. 

tush tp. 

Itusli p.v. 

iush. tp. 

lush tp. 

(ugh tp. 

iush« tp. 

Itnsh tp. 

|!nsh tp. 

"►UBh  1 ., tp. 

jiush tp. 

iLush  City p.v. 

f.ueh  Cre^ tp. 

pish  Creek tp. 

l^usheba^ tp. 

I'.nshford p.v. 

|(ushfont tp. 

.ushford tp. 

voshford p.v. 

^ushford tp. 

fugh  Lake„ tp. 

Lnsh  Lake tp. 

i>H8h  Lake.„ p.v. 

i.nshniore p.h. 

fush  River_ ...tp. 

lushsylvanla. p.v. 

jnshville tp. 

Eushvi  I  le p.T. 

I'ushville. tp. 

iush  rille_...._ p.v. 

Rishville- tp. 
isbville ......p.v. 


County. 


ushrille..., 
ushville™.. 
ushville..., 

)usk 

usk 

Iiusell.. 


,..p.v. 
..p.v. 

,..p.b. 

..p.v. 

..p.h. 
..tp. 

luascU tp. 

ussell p.v. 

iiissell tp. 

PBsell p.v. 

asscll p.v. 

^ISsell p.tp, 

jissolU tp. 

jissell tp. 

i««eU„ p.tp. 

iwoU , 

isscll , 

issell  Gulch  ... 

liMell  Ilill 

MBell's  Mills... 

•■ell's  Station 

luwelWIlle 

(Wellville 

usellville- 

Ilisellville. 

^llville 

n^cUvllle p.h 

Wollvillo p.v. 

liisollville p.h. 

lilellville „..p.v. 

!»ta p.tp, 

wa tp. 

ssla.„ p.h. 


..p.tp, 

..tp. 

..p.v. 

..p.h. 

..p.h. 

..p.v. 

,..p.v. 

..p.v. 

..p.v. 

..p.v. 

..p.v. 


Ashland 

Ilichardson...., 

Oxford 

Providence.... 

Harrison 

Grafton  » 

Grafton , 

Grafton 

Colleton 

McLean 

Bon  IIoinine„. 

Columbia 

Bennington ... 
Bennington ... 
Bock  Island... 

Shelby 

Randolph 

Jefferson 

Clermont 

Montgomery.. 

Wythe 

Armstrong .... 

Berks 

Rocjks 

Jo  Daviess 

Shiawassee.... 

Buchanan 

Monroe 

Monroe. 

Champaign.... 

Scioto 

Tuscarawas.... 

Centre 

Dauphin 

Northumberland. 

Schuylkill 

Su8(iuehanna. 

Chisago 

Fairfield 

Logan 

ChiNago 

Fillmore 

Fillmore 

Alleghany 

Alleghany..., 

Winnebago..., 

Palo  Alto 

Otter  Tail 

Tooele 

Nobles .., 

St.  Croix 

Logan 

Schuyler 

Schuyler 

Rush 

Rush 

Phillips 

Buclianan 

Yates 

Fairfield 

Rockingham 

Cherokee 

Dunn 

Lawrence 

Putnam 

Lucas 

Russell 

Russell 

Greenup 

Hampden 

Camclcn 

Macon 

St.  Lawrence 

Geauga 

Sheboygan  

Gilpin.  

Wyoming 

Parke 

Highland- 

Franklin 

Pope 

Lawrence.- 

Putnam 

Ix>gan 

Colo 

Brown 

Chester 

Hamblen ». 

Herkimer. 

Lorain 

Shelby 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880 


Ohio. 

Neb 

Me 

R.  I 

Ohio 

N.  H 

N.  H 

N.  H 

S.  0 

Ky 

Dak ...., 

Pa 

Vt 

Vt , 

III , 

HI 

Ind , 

Kan 

Ohio 

N.  Y.... 

Va 

Pa , 

Pa 

Kan.... 

Ill 

Mich..., 
Mo 

N.  y_.., 

N.  Y..... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio...., 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa , 

Pa 

Pa 

Minn .. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Minn .. 
Minn .. 
Minn  .. 
N.  Y.... 
N.  Y.... 
Wis..... 
Iowa... 
Minn  .. 
Utah... 
Minn .. 
Wis.-.. 
Ohio.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Kan-., 

Mo 

N.  Y..., 
Ohio..., 

Va 

Tex 

Wis 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Kan..., 
Kan..., 

Ky 

Mass... 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y-., 
Ohio-., 

Wig 

Col 

Pa 

Ind 

Ohio-.. 

Ala 

Ark.-.. 

Ill 

Ind 

Ky 

Mo 

Ohio... 

Pa. 

Tenn.. 
N.  Y-. 
Ohio... 
Ohio-.. 


758 
611 

1,212 


1,168 
1,165 


1,017 


1,408 


l,aS6 

683 

1,629 

1,664 


1,789 

638 

977 

1,963 

105 

1,324 

2,291 

1,418 


2,044 
706 

1,245 
268 

1,636 


2,019 
245 
167 


549 
310 
3,021 
1,539 
3,327 
1,696 


1,181 
1,246 


635 

1,141 

1,058 

2,688 

805 

623 


1,843 

68 
859 


2,220 

4,207 


726 

673 

1,006 

338 

1,261 

1,050 

187 

94 

89 

204 

152 

127 

957 

105 

943 

1,050 

37 

1,027 

91 

117 

286 

183 

1,406 

314 

1,106 

1,286 

2,325 

1,741 

216 

2,150 

778 

1,037 

1,591 

124 

1,263 

1,522 

1,357 

680 

8,605 

2,205 

894 

941 

863 

1,453 

439 

2,059 

237 

448 

115 

99 

677 

445 

2,956 

1,062 

4,390 

2,515 

248 

341 

603 

227 

50 

626 

71 

1,283 

1,294 

845 

2,001 

801 

175 

823 

1,150 

809 

2,403 

713 

557 

643 

76 

45 

124 

186 

8-25 

265 

157 

2,058 

67 

478 

98 

174 

2,177 

4,376 

91 


Place. 


County. 


Russian  R{ver.„....tp. 

Russiaviile p.v. 

Rust _ tp. 

Rustburg p.v. 

Rutherford tp. 

Rutherford.- p.v. 

Rutherford  Depot.-p.v. 

Rutherford  ton tp. 

Ru  th  e  rfordton p.v. 

Ruthven p.h. 

Rutland tp. 

Rutland tp. 

Rutland p.v. 

Rutland tp. 

Rutland p.h. 

Rutland tp. 

Rutland „. p.tp. 

Rutland p.tp. 

Rutland tp. 

Rutland p.tp. 

Rutland p.tp. 

Rutland tp. 

Rutland .....p.v. 

Rutland p.tp. 

Rutland tp. 

Rutland p.v. 

Rutland p.tp. 

Rutledge p.v. 

Rntledge - p.v. 

Rutledgo.- tp. 

Rutledge.- p.v. 

Ruyle tp. 

Ryan - tp. 

Ryan ^...-tp. 

Ryan tp. 

Rye p.tp. 

Rye p.tp. 

Rye tp. 

Ryegate tp. 

Ryegate „ p.h. 

Rynd  Farm -v. 

Rynear. p.h. 

Sabetha p.v. 

Sabillasville ..p.v. 

Sabina p.v. 

Sabinoga v. 

SabinsviUe p.v. 

Sabula p.v. 

Sac - tp. 

Sac- tp. 

Sac  Bay tp. 

Saccarappa- p.T. 

Sac  City p.v. 

Sackett'g  IIarbor....p.v. 

Sackville - h. 

Saco c. 

Sacramento p.T. 

Sacramento  Bnil6..v. 
Sacramento  City....o. 

Sacred  Heart tp. 

Sacred  Heart p.h. 

Sadawga p.h. 

Saddle  River p.tp. 

Sadorus. tp. 

Sadorug p.T. 

Sadsbury*. tp. 

Sadsbury tp. 

Sadsbury tp. 

S.idsbtiryville._ p.v. 

Saegorsville p.v. 

Saegcrtown p.b. 

Safe  Harbor p.v. 

Safford p.v. 

Saganing .v. 

Sagetown- v. 

Sag  Harbor- p.T. 

Saginaw c. 

Saginaw tp. 

Saguaclie  - p.T. 

Sahlmark tp. 

Sailor  Bar h. 

Saint  Albans tp. 

Saint  Albans p.tp. 

Saint  Albans tp. 

Saint  .\lbang p.tp. 

Saint  Allmns p.v. 

Saint  Andrews tp. 

Saint  Anne.- tp. 

Saint  Anno- p.T. 

Saint  Ansgar tp. 

Saint  Anggar.....»..p.T. 


Sonoma- 

Howard 

Jackson 

Campbell 

Martin 

Bergen 

Gibson 

Rutherford 

Rutherford 

Palo  Alto.- 

Kane 

La  Salle 

La  Salle 

Humboldt 

Humboldt 

Woodbury 

Montgomery.... 

Worcester. 

Barry 

Martin 

Jefferson 

Meigs 

Meigs 

Tioga- 

Rutland 

Rutland 

Dane 

Crenshaw 

Morgan 

De  Witt- 

Grainger 

Jersey 

Sumner- 

Schuylkill 

Edgefield 

Rockingham.... 
Westchester.... 

Perry 

Caledonia- 

Caledonia- 

Venango 

Fountain 

Nemaha 

Frederick-. 

Clinton 

San  Miguel 

Tioga- 

Jackson 

Sac 

Dade 

Delta 

Cumberland 

Sac 

JeOerson 

Cedar 

York 

McLean 

Ascension 

Sacramento 

Renville 

Renville 

Windham  _..... 

Bergen 

Champaign 

Champaign 

Chester -... 

Crawford 

Lancaster- 

Chester. 

Lehigh 

Crawford 

liancaster 

Graham 

Bay 

Henderson 

Suffolk 

Saginaw , 

Saginaw 

Saguache- 

Stevens 

Sacramento 

Hancock 

Somerset 

Licking 

Franklin 

Kanawha 

Charleston 

Kankakee 

Kankakee 

Blitchell 

Mitchell 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


C«l.... 
Ind... 
Minn 
Va.... 
Ind... 

N.  J 

Tenn.... 

N.  C 

N.  C 

Iowa.... 

HI 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Mass.... 
Mich.... 
Minn  ... 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Vt 

Vt 

Wis 

Ala 

Ga 

Ill 

Tenn ... 

Ill 

Kan 

Pa. 

S.C 

N.H 

N.  Y-... 

Pa 

Vt 

Vt 

Pa. 

Ind 

Kan-... 

Md 

Ohio 

N.Mex 

Pa 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Mo 

Mich.... 

Me 

lown.... 

N.  Y 

Mo 

Mo 

Ky 

La 

Cal 

Minn  ... 
Minn 

Vt 

N.  J- 

111 

Ill 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Arizona 

Mich 

III.... 

N.  Y. 

Mich.... 

Mich.... 

Col 

Minn  ... 

Cal 

HI 

Me 

Ohio 

Vt 

W.  Va- 

S.  C 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 


987 
160 


1,030 


1,097 


960 

1,499 

412 

422 


486 
1,024 
1,156 

196 
l,9a3 
2,471 


1,157 
9,884 


1,139 


Zi5 
664 
107 


600 
836 
993 
7,160 
703 
936 


920 
684 


6,755 
196 


10,286 
316 


1,168 
1,458 

300 
2,400 

894 
1,017 


1,723 
7,460 
1,004 


1,147 
1,076 
1,110 
7,014 


3,27' 
1,385 


893 
360 


1,07« 

419 

124 

104 

1,315 

2,299 

323 

1,243 

300 

73 

1,033 

1,707 

402 

444 

48 

192 

1,061 

l,0.'i9 

1,225 

254 

1,796 

2,:M0 

139 

1,064 

12,149 

7,502 

1,133 

215 

273 

643 

126 

740 

453 

699 

1,117 

1,111 

6,576 

849 

1,046 

60 

186 

45 

849 

151 

757 

169 

170 

1,223 

681 

1,200 

301 

2,487 

695 

885 

24 

6,389 

172 

345 

21,420 

1,171 

76 

90 

1,355 

1,598 

250 

749 

895 

1,782 

212 

123 

678 

691 

173 

243 

605 

1,990 

10,625 

1,376 

325 

210 

45 

1,284 

1,394 

1,187 

7,193 

482 

6,215 

1,158 

412 

1,215 

S62 


>  Since  1870,  part  to  Kloio. 


t  In  1871,  part  to  NeDseL 


*  In  18TB,  part  to  Weit  Sadsbnrr. 
379 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  KETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Oonnty. 


Saint  Anthony p.b. 

Bktnt  Anthony tp. 

Saint  AniMuil tp. 

Saint  Aub«rt „p.tp. 

Saint  Augnttn p.tp. 

Saint  Auguatine....T. 
Saint  AuKUiliiio....c. 
Saint  Auguftiiie....p.v. 

Saint  BoriiarU t. 

Saint  Boriilce ~p.T. 

Saint  Boniraciua  ...p.h. 
Saint  Gatlierine....Jal. 

Saint  Charles p.h< 

Saint  Obarles >tp. 

Saint  Charles p.T, 

Saint  Charlea -tp. 

Saint  CharlM p.T, 

Saint  Charloa p.T, 

Saint  Charles tp. 

Saint  Charles _p.T, 

Saint  Charles p.T, 

Suint  Charles tp. 

Saint  Charles tp. 

Saint  Charles c. 

Saint  Clair tp. 

Saint  Clair p.tp. 

Snint  Clair tp. 

Saint  Clair ....tp. 

Saint  Clair...... p.T. 

Saint  Clair p.T. 

Saint  Clair tp. 

Saint  Clair p.tp. 

Saint  Clair b. 

Saint  Clair p.b. 

Siiint  Olair tp. 

Salut  Clair v. 

Saint  Clair p.T. 

Saint  Clair h. 

Saint  Clair8villo....p.T. 
Saint  Clair8Villo....p.b. 

Saint  Clere p.h. 

Saiiit  Cloud c. 

Saint  Cloud tp. 

Saint  Cloud p.T. 

Saint  Croix  Full8...tp. 
Saint  Croix  Fall8...p.T. 

Saint  Denis p.T. 

St.Donig^t.Thoma8.tp. 

Sitint  Deroin p.h. 

Siiiut  Domingo T. 

8;iint  Donatus p.T. 

Saint  Edward p.T. 

Saint  Elizabeth p.h. 

Saint  Elmo p.r. 

Sainte  Marie tp. 

Sainte  Marie p.T. 

Sainte  Marie tp. 

Saint  Ferdinand. ...tp. 
Saint  Ferdinand. ...T. 

Snint  Florlan p.T. 

Saint  Francis tp. 

Saint  Francis p.tp. 

Saint  Francis p.tp. 

Saint  Francis tp. 

Saint  Francis tp. 

Saint  Francis tp. 

Saint  Franci8Tille..p.T. 
Saint  Franci9TiIIe..T. 
Saint  Franci8Tllle..p.T. 

Saint  Francois tp. 

Saint  GenovieTo....lp. 
Saint  Genevieve... .p.T. 

Saint  George p.h. 

Saint  George tp. 

Saint  George p.T. 

Saint  George p.tp. 

Saint  George tp. 

Saint  George p.T. 

Saint  George p.tp, 

Saint  George ....p.T. 

Saint  George's hnd, 

Saint  George's p.T. 

Saint  Gilman.. 
Saint  Iledwig.. 
Saint  Helen.... 
Saint  Helena.. 
Saint  Helena... 

Saint  Helena tp, 

Saint  Helena isl. 

Saint  Henry p.h. 

Batnt  Ignace ...p.tp. 


Pl>. 

....p.h. 

....p.T. 

....p.T. 

..p.T. 


Dubois ~.< 

Hennepin^ 

ESMX ..~., 

Callaway  _....~~. 

Steams ~, 

New  CasU* , 

St.  John's ..., 

Kuox 

Hamilton .» 

Vermilion , 

Cambria 

Liberty- ., 

Arkansas 

Kane.- 

Kane 

Floyd 

Madison , 

Hopkins 

Saginaw 

Saginaw 

Winona- 

Winona 

St.  Charles 

St.  Cliarles 

Benton 

Monona 

Jewell 

St  Clair 

St.  Clair. 

Franklin 

Butler 

Columbiana- 

Boavcr 

Schuylkill 

Westmoreland.., 
Westmoreland ... 

Hawkins 

Mineral 

Belmont 

Bedford 

Pottawatomie..... 

Stearns 

Stearns 

Fond  dtt  Lac 

Polk 

Polk 

Baltimore 

Charleston 

Nemaha 

Baltimore 

Jackson 

Boone 

Miller 

Fayette-, 

Jasper 

Jasper 

Green  Lake 

St  Louis 

St  Louis 

Lauderdale 

Effingham 

Aroostook 

Anoka 

Butler 

Madison 

Wayne 

Lawrence 

West  Feliciana ., 

Clarke 

St  Fran9oi8 

St.  Genevieve 

St.  Genevieve 

Kankakee , 

Pottawatomie.-., 
Pottawatomie.-. 

Knox , 

Benton , 

Washington-.... 

Chittenden 

Tucker™ 

New  Castle 

New  Castle 

Osceola.- 

Bexar , 

Columbia 

Napa 

Cedar 

Beaufort , 

Beaufort , 

Dubois 

Mackinac  - , 


Steta. 


Population. 


1870.       1880, 


Ind.... 
Minn  , 
N.Y- 

Mo...., 
Minn, 
Del..., 
Fla..., 

Ill 

Ohio- 
Ind..., 
Pa-.,., 
Ga-..., 
Ark_ 
III-... 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa..., 

Ky 

Mich..., 
Mich..., 
Minn.. 
Minn.. 

Mo 

Mo 

Iowa... 
Iowa..., 

Kan 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mo....„ 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Tenn  ... 
W.  Va  - 
Ohio-... 

Pa 

Kan 

Minn ... 
Minn... 
Wis*.... 

Wis 

Wis 

Md 

S.  0 

Neb 

Md 

Iowa.... 
Neb.-... 

Mo 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Wis 

Mo 

Mo 

Ala 

Ill 

Me 

Minn.,, 

Mo, 

Mo 

Mo 

Ill 

La- 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Ill 

Kan  ,... 
Kan  „... 

Me 

Minn ... 
Utah.... 

Vt 

W.  Va., 

Del 

Dei 

Iowa..,. 

Tex 

Oregon. 

Cal., 

Neb.. 

S.0.„ 

8.  C. 

Ind.. 

Mich 


236 

83A 

1,139 

670 


2,281 
"3,374 


1,185 


1,151 

809 

9,(H9 

6,570 

811 


2,002 
1,790 


1,187 

1,156 

232 

6,726 

777 


1,056 
144 


2,161 
682 


2,119 


273 
1,462 


705 
7,214 


609 
2.53 
106 
246 
386 
l,7:Jo 
131 


408 
1,614 
3,409 
1,621 


435 


2,318 
317 


6,075 
266 


406 


87 
486 
452 

1,320 
798 
122 

2,293 
289 

1,022 
122 
74 
146 
73 

2,519 

1,633 

3,942 
183 
350 

1,639 
683 

1,156 
740 

8,417 

6,014 
907 

3;n 

684 

1,996 

l,92:i 
217 

1,252 

1,186 
289 

4,149 

783 

216 

192 

88 

1,128 
144 
22 

2,462 
698 
183 
542 
216 
161 

2,342 
90 
397 
141 
168 
16 
323 
918 
243 
705 

7,923 
817 
136 
828 
299 
270 
275 
520 

1,422 
3;i4 
721 
296 

2,325 

3,929 

1,422 

57 

762 

206 

2,875 
4.53 

1,332 

9:5 

150 

6,073 

3:}8 

28 

64 

209 

1,339 
200 

6,644 

4,397 

62 

9C6 


Place. 


Oonnty. 


Saint  Jacob tp. 

Saint  Jacob p.T, 

Saint  James p.T. 

Saint  James. tp. 

Saint  James p.T. 

Saint  James tp. 

8aint  James' tp. 

Saint  James p.T. 

Saint  James p.h. 

Saint  James tp. 

StJanie8GooseCrk..tp. 

Saint  Jo p.T. 

Saint  Joe -t. 

Saint  Joe .......p.h. 

St.  Joe  Lead  Minos.T. 

Saint  John -.p.b. 

Saint  John p.T. 

Saint  .Tolin h. 

Saint  John tp. 

Saint  John h. 

Saint  John tp. 

Saint  John tp. 

Saint  John p.h. 

Saint  John pin. 

Saint  John tp. 

Saint  John p.T. 

Saint  John p.tp. 

Saint  John t. 

Saint  Johnland p.T. 

Saint  John's p.T. 

Saint  John's p.T. 

Saint  John's p.tp. 

Saint  John's tp. 

Saint  Johnsbury  ...tp. 
Saint  Johnsbury  ...p.T. 
St.  Jolinsbtiry  East.p.v. 
Saint  John8ville....tp. 
Saint  John8ville....p.T. 

Saint  Joseph tp. 

Saint  Joseph p.T. 

Saint  Joseph tp. 

Saint  Joseph p.T. 

Saint  Joseph tp. 

Saint  Joseph p.T, 

Saint  Joseph tp. 

Saint  Joseph p.T. 

Salut  Joseph c. 

Saint  Joseph tp. 

Saint  Joseph tp. 

Saint  Lawrence  .„.tp. 
Saint  Lawrence.. ..p.h. 
Saint  Lawronco....p,v, 
Saint  La^vrence,...tp. 

Saint  Leon p.T. 

Saint  Louis p.h. 

Saint  Louis h. 

Saint  Louis p.v. 

Saint  Louis c. 

SaintLouisCrossing.p.T, 

Saint  Louisville p.v. 

Saint  Mark p.h. 

Saint  Mark's p.h. 

Saint  Mark's tp. 

Saint  Martin  - tp. 

Saint  Martin's h. 

Saint  Martin's p.h. 

Saint  Martinsville  .p.v. 

Saint  Mary tp. 

Snint  Mary's tp. 

Saint  Mary's .t. 

Saint  Mary's tp. 

Saint  Mary's tp. 

Saint  Mary's p.h. 

Saint  Mary's tp. 

Saint  Mary's p.v. 

Saint  Mary's p.h. 

Saint  Mary's tp. 

Saint  Mary's p.T. 

Saint  Mary's tp. 

Saint  Mary's tp. 

Saint  Mary's p.v. 

Saint  Mary's p.b. 

Saint  Mary's p.v. 

Saint  Mary's p.v. 

Saint  Motthew's  ...tp. 
Saint  Matthew's  ...p.v. 

Saint  Maurice; p.b. 

Saint  Miciiael tp. 

Saint  Michael's p.v. 

Saint  Morgan h. 

Saint  Nicholas h. 


Stata, 


Madison 

Madison 

Maultou 

Watonwan ..., 
Wntonwnn ,,,, 
Mississippi .,,, 

Phelps 

Phelps 

Cedar -„.. 

Clarendon 

Charleston .... 

Montague 

Do  Kalb. 

Hamilton  -..., 
St.  Fran(ola  -. 

Colusa  

Perry -. 

De  Kalb 

Lake , 

Clayton  - 

Harrison 

Stafford- 

Stafford 

Aroostook ,,,,., 

Now  Madrid.,, 

Putnam 

Hertford 

Mercer.- , 

Suffolk 

Apache-. 

Clinton 

Kandiyohi 

Franklin 

Caledonia. 

Caledonia 

Caledonia 

Montgomery . 
Montgomery.. 
Champaign.... 
Champaign... 

Allen 

Tensas 

Berrien 

Berrien 

Stearns : 

Stearns 

Buchanan 

Williams 

St  Croix 

Scott 

Cambria 

Washington.. 

Waupaca 

Dearborn 

Sierra 

Larimer 

Gratiot 

St.  Louis 

Bartholomew, 

Licking 

Sedgwick 

Wakulla 

Clarendon 

Stearns 

Claiborne 

Brown 

St  Martin's... 

Waseca 

Hancock 

Iroquois 

Adams 

Mills 

Warren 

Pottawatomie 
Pottawatomie 

Marion 

Perry 

St  Genevieve. 

Wake 

Auglaize 

Auglaize 

Elk 

Refugio 

Pleasants 

Wake 

Orangeburg... 

Decatur 

Madison 

Talbot 

Madison 

Ripley  


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


111 

III 

Mich... 
Minn., 
Minn.. 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo  „.., 

Neb 

S.  C... 
S.  0.... 
Tex._. 
Ind.... 
Neb.-., 

Mo 

Cal 

Ill 

Ind..,, 
Ind.,,, 
Iowa., 
Iowa., 
Kan„, 
Kan... 

Me 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  0 

Ohio 

N.  Y 

Arizona 
Mich,,,, 
Minn  „, 

Mo 

Vt 

Vt 

Vt 

N,  Y 

N.  Y 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

La 

Mich..,, 
Mich.... 
Minn ... 
Minn... 

Mo 

Ohio-... 

Wis 

MinD.„ 

Pa 

Wis 

Wis 

Ind 

Cal 

Col 

Mich.... 

Mo 

Ind 

Ohio-... 

Kan 

Fla 

S.  C 

Minn... 

Miss 

Ohio .... 

La. 

Minn ... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Ky 

Mo 

Bio 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Te.x-.... 
W.  Va  - 

N.  C 

8.  C 

Ind 

Mo 

Md 

Ill- 

Ind 


606 


640 
7,795 


366 


1,442 


1/KJ7 


127 
403 
130 
2,016 
105 


4,665 


2,189 
1,376 
1,222 


1,373 


2,994 


808 

19,565 

1,S44 

205 

315 


310,864 


166 


480 
656 


1,190 

737 

1,050 


1,205 


1,940 
397 
2,124 
2,420 
1,370 
1,084 
311 


2,192 


1,325 
1,095 


1,779 

401 

168 

283 

444 

•24 

841 

392 

81 

961 

10,608 

342 

IHO 

32 

827 

64 

49.% 

40 

1,513 

36 

2,297 

678 

56 

1C6 

4ti7 

149 

3,:iii0 

127 

216 

646 

2,370 

1B7 

1.910 

6,800 

3,3G0 

162 

2,002 

1,073 

1,454 

328 

IfiU 

486 

8,550 

2,003 

671 

293 

32,431 

2,073 

643 

297 

6.1 

115 

874 

254 

94 

68 

1,975 

360,.')  1 8 

153 

216 

40 

63 

709 

6ie 
44 

60 

1,000 

767 

1,543 

227 

979 

271 

39 

1,418 

884 

62 

1,493 

419 

2,944 

3,147 

1,745 

1,601 

350 

360 

1,878 

271 

60 

3,649 

1,175 

89 

0 


380 


1  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced. 


t  In  1871,  part  to  Spring  Hill. 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


IT 


CENSUS  KETURNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


8alnt  Olaf. p.v. 

Saint  Olaf. p.tp. 

Sunt  Omer p.v.. 

Saint  Palis p. v. 

Saint  Paul p.T. 

Saint  Paul v. 

Saint  Paul p.h. 

Saint  Paul c. 

Saint  Paul p.h. 

Saint  Paul p.v. 

Saint  Paul's p.tp. 

Saint  Paul's tp. 

Saint  Petor c. 

Saint  Peter's p.v. 

Saint  Peter's p.v. 

Saint  Petersburg. ..p.b. 

Saint  Rose p.tp. 

Saint  Stephen p.h. 

Saint  Stephen's tp. 

St.  Stephen's  Depot. p.h. 

Saint  Tlionias p.v. 

Saint  Thomas tp. 

Saint  Thomas p.v. 

Saint  Vincent p.tp. 

Saint  Wondall p.tp 

Saint  Wendell's p.v. 

Salado p.v. 

Salamanca tp. 

Salamanca tp. 

Salamanca p.v. 

Salamonia p.v. 

Salamonie tp. 

Salem h. 

Salem p.h. 

Salem v. 

Salem p.tp. 

Salem , tp. 

Salem tp. 

Salem tp. 

Salem p.v. 

Salem h. 

Salem tp. 

Salem h. 

Salem tp. 

Salem tp. 

Salem p.v. 

Salem tp. 

Salem p.v. 

Salem tp. 

Salem tp. 

Salem p.v. 

Salem tp. 

Salem p.v. 

Salem p.tp. 

Salem c. 

Salem tp. 

Salem P-tp. 

Salem tp. 

Salem tp. 

Salem h. 

Salem p.v. 

Salem tp. 

Salem tp. 

Salem tp. 

Salem p.v. 

Salem tp. 

Salem p.v. 

Salem c. 

Salem ..tp. 

Salem p.v. 

Salem p.v. 

Salem tp. 

Salem tp. 

Salem tp. 

Salem tp. 

Salem p.v. 

Salem tp. 

Salem tp. 

Salem tp. 

?nlem tp. 

Salem V. 

Salem tp. 

Salem tp. 

Salem tp. 

Salem tp. 

Salem tp. 

Salem tp. 

Salem tp. 

Salem c. 

Salem tp. 

Salem v. 

Salem tp. 

Salem tp. 


County. 


Clayton 

Otter  Tail 

Decatur 

Champaign..., 

Decatur. 

Shelby 

Leo , 

Ramsey 

St.  Charles 

Howard , 

Eobeson , 

Clarendon 

Nicollet , 

Franklin 

St.  Charles 

Clarion _.. 

Clinton 

Nuckolls 

Charleston 

Charlestoji 

Cole 

Franklin 

Franklin , 

Kittson , 

Stearns , 

Posev 

Bell." 

Cherokee 

Cattaraugus..., 
Cattaraugus.... 

Jay 

Huntington..., 

Limestone 

Fulton , 

Sebastian , 

New  London.. 

Carroll 

Knox 

Marion 

Marion 

Adams 

Delaware , 

Jav 

Pulaski 

Steuben 

Washington..., 

Henry 

Henry 

Allen , 

Greenwood...., 

Jewell , 

Sedgwick 

Livingston 

Franklin 

Fsscx 

Allegan 

Washtenaw 

Dims  tod 

Daviess 

Daviess 

Dent , 

Dunkliu 

Lewis 

Perry 

Richardson 

Rockingham ., 
Rockingham ., 

Salem 

Washington.... 
Washington..., 

Forsyth 

Pasquotank 

Auglaize 

Champaign...., 
Columbiana.... 
Columbiana.... 

Highland 

Jefferson 

Meigs 

Monroe 

Montgomery.., 
Muskingum..., 

Ottawa 

Shelby 

Tuscarawas 

Warren 

Washington..., 

Wyandot 

Marion 

Clarion 

Clarion 

Luzerne 

Mercer 


State. 


Iowa.... 
Minn ... 

Ind 

Ohio 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa. ... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

Neb 

N.  C 

S.C 

Minn .., 

Ind 

Mo 

Pa 

Ill 

Neb 

S.  0 

S.  C 

Mo , 

Pa 

Pa 

Minn  ... 
Minn .., 

Ind 

Tex 

Kan 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ind 

Ind 

Ala 

Ark 

Ark. 

Conn.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.,.. 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Ky 

Me 

Mass.... 
Mich.... 
Mh;h.... 
Minn... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Neb 

N.  H 

N.H 

N.  J 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  C 

N.C 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Oregon, 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


1,052 

9C0 

2,124 


1,032 
"3,09-i 


1,902 
389 


708 
1,881 


1,486 


717 

839 

1,906 

3,132 

1,182 


1,413 


567 
1,385 
1,294 
1,882 


271 


307 

24,117 

1,143 

1,216 

996 


280 
470 


304 
1,603 


4,565 
3,556 
1,239 


1,314 
877 
1,854 
3,199 
3,700 
1,029 
1,708 
1,718 
2,106 
312 
941 
1,687 
1,428 
1,725 
2,102 
1,610 
1,103 


949 


1,525 
686 


60 

658 

182 

1,099 

556 

190 

37 

41,473 

64 

482 

1,622 

1,083 

3,436 

114 

334 

1,044 

1,226 

18 

3,599 

79 

110 

2,358 

390 

489 

610 

119 

443 

1,993 

3,498 

2,531 

133 

1,864 

46 

86 

168 

674 

850 

1,794 

2,182 

1,327 

61 

1,592 

58 

936 

1,651 

1,616 

1,586 

621 

678 

621 

105 

684 

132 

273 

27,563 

1,574 

1,192 

990 

982 

76 

1,624 

756 

1,197 

1,087 

473 

1,809 

400 

6,056 

3,498 

1,410 

1,340 

1,880 

1,160 

2,108 

6,142 

4,041 

1,144 

1,907 

1,668 

2,377 

297 

874 

2,683 

1,576 

2,457 

2,062 

1,638 

1,547 

2,538 

1,496 

198 

1,448 

692 


Place. 


Salem p.h. 

Salem tp. 

Salem tp. 

Salem P-tp, 

Salem p.v. 

Salem tp. 

Salem p.h. 

Salem tp. 

Salem  Centre -p.h. 

Salem  Chapel p.tp, 

Salem  Depot p.v. 

Salem  Fauquier p.v. 

Sales  ville p.v. 

Salina p.tp. 

Salina c. 

Salina tp. 

Salina p.v. 

Salinas p.v. 

Saline tp. 

Saline h. 

Saline tp. 

Saline tp. 

Saline p.v. 

Saline tp. 

Saline tp. 

Saline tp. 

Saline tp. 

Saline tp. 

Saline tp. 

Saline  City p.v. 

Saline  City v. 

Salineville p.v. 

Saling tp. 

Salisbury tp. 

Salisbury p.v. 

Salisbury h. 

Salisbury h. 

Salisbury tp. 

Salisbury p.v. 

Salisbury p.v. 

Salisbury p.tp. 

Salisbury tp. 

Salisbury p.v, 

Salisbury p.h. 

Salisbury P-tp. 

Salisbury tp. 

Salisbury p.v. 

Salisbury tp. 

Salisbury p.v. 

Salisbury™ tp. 

Salisbury. p.tp. 

Salisbury tp. 

Salisbury b. 

Salisbury p.tp. 

Salisbury  Centre. ..p.h. 
Salisbury  Centre... p.v. 

Salisbury  Mills v. 

Salisbury  Point v, 

Salladasburg p.v, 

Sallis p.v, 

Sallytown h. 

Salmon tp. 

Salmon  Brook v. 

Salmon  City p.v. 

Salmon  Falls p.tp. 

Salmon  Falls p.v. 

Saloma p.h. 

Salt  City p.h. 

Salt  Creek tp. 

Salt  Creek tp. 

Salt  Creek tp. 

Salt  Creek tp. 

Salt  Creek tp. 

Salt  Creek tp. 

Salt  Creek tp. 

Salt  Creek tp. 

Salt  Creek tp. 

Salt  Creek tp. 

Salt  Creek p.tp. 

Salt  Creek tp. 

Salt  Creek tp. 

Salt  Creek tp. 

Salt  Creek tp. 

Salt  Creek tp. 

Salt  Creek tp. 

Salt  Fork tp. 

Saltillo. p.v. 

Saltillo _h. 

Saltillo p.b. 

Saltillo p.v. 

Salt  Lake  City c. 

Salt  Lick tp." 

Salt  Lick tp. ' 


County. 


Snyder 

Wayne 

Westmoreland.... 

Orleans 

Roanoke 

Kenosha 

Kenosha 

Pierce 

Meigs 

Forsyth 

Rockingham 

Fauquier. 

Guernsey 

Kankakee 

Saline 

Onondaga. 

Westmoreland .... 

Monterey 

Madison 

Madison 

Ellis 

Waslitcnaw 

Washtenaw 

Cooper 

Miller 

Perry 

Balls 

St.  Genevieve 

Jefferson 

Clay 

Saline 

Columbiana. 

Audrain 

Litchfield 

Litchfield 

Kent 

Coles 

Sangamon 

Sangamon 

Wicomico 

Kssex 

Chariton 

Chariton 

Madison 

Merriraac 

Herkimer 

Herkimer 

Rowan 

Rowan 

Meigs 

Lancaster 

Lehigh 

Somerset 

Addison 

Merrimac 

Herkimer 

Essex 

Essex 

Lycoming 

Attala 

Monongalia 

Siskiyou 

Hartford 

Lemhi 

El  Dorado 

Strafford 

Taylor 

Sumner. 

Mason 

Decatur 

Franklin 

Jackson..... 

Monroe... 

Davis 

Tama 

Chautauqua 

Lincoln  

Mitchell 

Reno 

Chariton 

Hocking 

Holmes 

Muskingum 

Pickaway 

Wayne 

Saline 

Lee 

Perry 

Huntingdon 

Hardin 

Salt  Lake 

Perry 

Fayette. 


State. 


Pa , 

Pa 

Pa 

Vt 

Va 

Mis 

Wis , 

Wis 

Ohio...., 
N.C... 
N.  H... 

Va 

Ohio.... 

Ill 

Kan  ... 
N.  Y... 

Pa 

Cal 

Ill 

Ill 

Kan 

Mich... 
Mich... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo...... 

Ohio..,. 

Ind 

Mo 

Ohio... 

Mo 

Conn  .. 
Conn... 

Del 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Md 

Mass.... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mon.... 
N.  H.... 
N.  Y... 
N.  Y.... 
N.  C... 
N.  C... 
Ohio... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Vt 

N.H... 
N.  Y.... 
Mass... 
Mass... 

Pa 

Miss... 
W.  Va.. 

Cal 

Conn... 
Idaho. 

Cal 

N.  H... 

Ky 

Kan... 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa..., 
Iowa... 
Kan  ... 
Kan... 
Kan... 

Kan 

Mo 

Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio...., 

Ohio 

Ohio...., 

Mo 

Hiss 

Ohio 

Pa 

Tenn..., 
Utah. ... 

Ohio 

Pa 


Population. 


1870.     188C, 


2,007 
2,124 
693 
1,355 
1,386 


241 


172 

805 

918 

2,088 


1,955 


1,836 
1,720 
1,409 
1,634 
980 
1,922 


1,429 

991 

3,303 


2,064 

3,776 

2,764 

626 


897 
1,933 


3,327 

108 

10,726 

3,710 

2,8C0 

291 

902 


428 


73 


1,102 
1,687 
1,223 
1,963 
636 
889 
1,113 


1,179 
1,259 
1,131 
1,750 
1,593 


12,854 
1,349 
1,209 

381 


40 

1,036 

1,851 

581 

1,759 

1,286 

93 

478 

19 

1,226 

500 

257 

2G6 

945 

3,111 

2,888 

172 

1,854 

1,302 

93 

436 

1,927 

858 

1,030 

2,404 

1,331 

1,682 

1,493 

1,480 

199 

105 

2,302 

1,597 

3,715 

338 

50 

70 

689 

113 

2,581 

4,079 

3,809 

908 

50 

795 

1,884 

124 

4,085 

2,723 

10,992 

3,873 

3,078 

621 

775 

93 

341 

2,150 

483 

312 

132 

67 

613 

169 

292 

492 

S66 

56 

89 

978 

1,565 

1,239 

2,316 

784 

1,258 

1,222 

753 

429 

614 

478 

901 

1,486 

1,494 

1,131 

1,858 

1,775 

838 

202 

80 

227 

263 

20,768 

3,970 

1,371 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Ball  PuiiJ...^. •4>. 

Salt  Klrer.........     p.r. 

Salt  Uirar tp. 

SaltKlTsr..^ tp. 

Salt  BlTer tp. 

Salt  Uirer .......tp. 

Salt  Uirar tp. 

Salt  Ittver tp. 

Snlt  Kirer tp. 

Salt  Itiver....... tp. 

Suit  lU>ck  .....^ tp. 

Sal  tabu  rg t. 

SultsbiirK -P-b* 

Salt  Spring .....tp. 

Salt  Spiinga tp. 

Suit  Springs p.T, 

Sal  trille p.T. 

fialuliria h. 

Saluda ..p.tp. 

fialada tp. 

Saluda tp. 

Saluda p.r. 

fiuluuga p.T. 

Sal  Tina p.T. 

Sainantha p.T. 

Samaria h. 

Sauuiionsville p.T. 

Sammy  Swamp tp. 

Siimpit p.tp. 

Sampscl tp. 

Sampson b. 

Sun  Andreas p.T. 

Sun  Antonio tp. 

Sun  Antonio tp. 

San  Antonio c. 

San  Augustine p.T. 

San  Benito p.tp. 

San  Bernardino p.v. 

Sou  Bernardo b. 

Sanborn p.T. 

Sanborn p.T. 

Sanboruton p.tp. 

San  BuenaTentura..p.T. 

Sjinburn p.b. 

Sand  Bank p.v. 

S.ind  Beach tp. 

Sand  Beach p.T. 

Sandborn p.T. 

Saud  Creek tp. 

Baud  Creek tp. 

Saud  Creek tp. 

Sand  Creek tp. 

Sand  Creek tp. 

Sand  Creek tp. 

Sand  Creek p.v. 

Sandersville p.T. 

Sandford „ h. 

Sandgute p.tp. 

Sand  Hill p.tp. 

SandUill tp. 

Sand  Hill tp. 

San  Diego c. 

San  Diego p.T. 

San  Diegnito p.tp. 

Sandisdeld p.tp. 

Sand  liake p.T. 

Sand  Lake tp. 

Sand  Lake .....p.T 

Sandoval p.T. 

Sandown -....p.tp. 

Sand  Prairie tp. 

Sand  Bun v. 

Sand  Spring p.T. 

Sand  Springs h. 

Sandstone p.tp. 

Sand  Town „b. 

Sandusky p.T. 

Sandusky tp. 

Sandusky c. 

Sandusky tp. 

Sandusky tp. 

Sandusky p.h. 

Sandwich p.T. 

Sandwicb tp. 

Sandwich p.T. 

Saudwicb tp. 

Sandwich p.h. 

Sandy tp. 

Bandy tp. 

Sandy tp. 


OomtX. 


Sonoma.......... 

Saline 

Isaballa- 

Adair , 

Audrain.... 

Knox 

Pike 

nails.- 

Randolph  - 

Schuyler 

Shelby , 

Marion- 

Alleghany 

Indiana. 

Randolph  - 

Greenwood 

Saline , 

Washington...., 

Christian- 

■Teflerson 

Greenville 

Lexington 

Middlesex 

Lancaster- 

Mercer 

Highland 

Johnson 

Fulton 

Clarendon 

Georgetown-.. 

Livingston , 

Darke 

Calaveras 

Los  Angeles...., 

Marin 

Bexar. 

San  Augustine, 

San  Benito , 

San  Bernardino.- 

Austin 

O'Brien- 

Niagara- 

Belknap , 

Ventura 

Johnson 

Oswego- 

Huron 

Huron 

Knox 

Bartholomew. 

Decatur 

Jennings 

Union 

Scott 

Dunn.- 

Dunn 

Wo-shington-. 

fkigar 

Bennington  -. 

Scotland 

Lenoir 

Moore 

San  Diego 

Duval 

San  Diego 

Berkshire 

Kent 

Rensselaer.... 
Rensselaer.... 

Marion 

Rockingham . 

Tazewell 

Bradford 

Delaware 

Onondaga...... 

Jackson 

Queen  Anne.. 
Cattaraugus... 

Crawford 

Erie 

Richland 

Sandusky 

Sauk 

DeKalb 

Barnstable 

Barnstable 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Stark 

Tuscarawas.-. 
Clearfield 


Bute. 


Cal 

Mo 

Mich... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo...... 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio... 

Pa 

Pa. 

Mo 

Kan  .... 

Mo 

Va 

Ky 

Ind 

S.  C... 

S.  0 

Va 

Pa 

Ky 

Ohio-.. 

Ind 

N.  Y-.. 
S.O.... 

S.  C 

Mo 

Ohio-.. 
Cal ..... 

Cal , 

Cal 

Tex.... 
Tex .... 

Cal 

Cal 

Tex.-.. 
Iowa... 
N.  Y„.. 
N.  H-., 

Cal 

Ill 

N.  Y-.. 
Mich... 
Mich... 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Miun .. 
Wis-... 

Wis 

Ga 

Ill 

Vt 

Mo 

N.  0-. 
N.  C-., 

Cal 

Tex 

Cal 

Mass... 
Mich.. 
N.  Y„., 
N.  Y-.. 

Ill 

N.  H„. 

HI 

Pa 

Iowa... 
N.  Y„.. 
Mich... 

Md 

N.  Y-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-., 
Ohio-.. 

Wis 

HI 

Mass... 
Mass... 

N.  n... 

N.H... 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Pa- 


ropuUtlon. 


1870.      188a 


1,088 
2,806 


1,104 
6,6U2 
2,120 

379 
1,337 

782 
1,116 
1,980 

361 


059 
3,520 


1,082 

1,701 

792 


900 
900 


451 

12,260 

260 


1,230 


1,149 

2,029 

930 

328 

1,520 


705 

784 

400 

268 

2,300 


1,482 
2,633 


496 
1,046 


682 
1,570 


1,844 
8,694 


1,854 


1,116 
1,163 


870 
2,626 

1»4 
1,377 

7,773 

1,421 

489 

1,681 

861 

1,111 

2,866 

Ml 

500 

855 

3,218 

1,293 

1,018 

185 

70 

1,649 

1,939 

1,475 

103 

113 

276 

104 

96 

138 

1,029 

1,325 

1,264 

47 

697 

1,679 

623 

20,550 

603 

072 

1,673 

38 

304 

177 

1,192 

1,370 

76 

753 

1,615 

534 

262 

1,501 

2,161 

967 

611 

1,168 

667 

116 

1,279 

46 

081 

1,065 

693 

837 

2,637 

1,672 

204 

1,107 

681 

2,550 

777 

564 

600 

1,020 

359 

203 

68 

1,672 

97 

299 

658 

15,838 

723 

1,785 

52 

2,352 

3,.543 

1,369 

1,701 

78 

1,266 

1,864 

3,840 


Plao«. 


Sandy  Bottom t. 

Sandy  Creek tp. 

Sandy  Creek p.T. 

Sandy  Creek tp. 

Sandy  Creek p.v. 

Sandy  Creek tp. 

Sandy  Creek tp. 

Sandy  Creek h. 

Sandy  Creek tp. 

Sandy  Creek* tp. 

Sandy  Grove p.tp. 

Sandy  Hill p.T. 

Sandy  Hook p.T. 

Sundy  Hook T. 

Sandy  Lake h. 

Sandy  Lake tp. 

Sandy  Lake p.b. 

Sandy  Mush p.tp. 

Sandy  Mush tp. 

Sandy  Ridge p.T. 

Sandy  Ridge tp. 

Sandy  Run tp. 

Sandy  Run -tp. 

Sandy  Spring p.h. 

Sandy  ston tp. 

Sandy  Vnlley p.h. 

Sandy  Valley v, 

Sandy  ville p.h. 

Sandy  ville p.v. 

Sandywood tp. 

Sanol tp. 

San  Elizario v. 

San  Felipe p.v. 

Sun  Fernando p.tp, 

San  ford h. 

Sanford tp. 

Sanford p.v. 

Sanford p.tp. 

Sanford p.v. 

San  Francisco c. 

San  Francisco tp. 

San  Francisco v. 

San  Gabriel p.tp. 

Sangamon tp. 

Sangerfield p.tp. 

Sangen-ille tp. 

Sangerville p.v. 

San  Gregorio p.h 

San  Iguacio v. 

Sanilac tp. 

San  Jacinto p.tp. 

San  Joaquin tp. 

San  Joaquin tp. 

Sun  Josfi V. 

San  Josg tp. 

San  Jo>i6 tp. 

San  Jos£ tp. 

San  Jos€ c. 

San  Jos6 p.v. 

San  Jo86 v. 

San  JosS h. 

Sun  Jog6  Mission. ..v. 

San  Juan tp. 

Sun  Juan p.v. 

San  Juan  Copistrano.v 

San  Leandro p.v. 

San  Lorenzo p.v. 

San  Lorenzo v. 

San  Luis p.T. 

San  Luis  Obispo. ...tp. 
San  Luis  Obispo... .p.v. 

San  Luis  Rey p.tp. 

San  Marcos p.v. 

San  Mateo p.v. 

San  Mateo p.T. 

San  Miguel p.h. 

Sannemin p.tp. 

Sannes tp. 

San  Pasqual tp. 

San  Patricio p.v. 

San  Pierre p.v. 

San  Rafael tp. 

San  Rafael p.v. 

San  Ramon p.h. 

San  Raphael h. 

San  Saba p.v. 

San  Simeon p.tp. 

Santa  Ana tp. 

Santa  Ana p.v. 

Santa  Anna tp. 

Santa  Barbara. c. 


Coanty. 


Kent-. 

Union 

Cumberland 

Oswego.— 

Oswegu.- 

Franklin 

Warren- 

Alleghany , 

Mercer 

Venango „ 

Clarendon 

Washington 

Fairfield 

Washington- 

Aitkin 

Mercer 

Mercer 

Buncombe 

Madison 

Lowndes 

Union 

Cleveland 

Lexington 

Montgomery 

Sussex 

Jeflerson 

Luzerne 

Warren 

Tuscarawas 

Scott 

Mendocino 

El  Paso 

Austin 

Los  Angeles 

Pinal 

York 

York 

Broome- 

Moore 

San  Francisco  — 

Carver 

Bernalillo 

Los  Angeles 

Piatt 

Oneida 

Piscataquis 

Piscataquis 

San  Mateo 

Bernalillo 

Sanilac 

San  Diego 

Sacramento 

Stanislaus 

Pima 

Los  Angeles 

San  Luis  Obispo . 

Santa  Clara 

Santa  Clara 

Mason 

San  Miguel 

Bexar 

Alameda 

San  Benito 

San  Benito 

Los  Angeles 

Alameda 

Alameda 

Grant 

Costilla 

San  Luis  Obispo . 
San  Luis  Obispo . 

San  Diego 

Hays 

San  Mateo 

Valencia 

Ouray 

Livingston 

Yellow  Medicine 

San  Diego , 

San  Patricio , 

Starke , 

Marin , 

Marin 

Contra  Costa , 

Conejos , 

San  Saba 

San  Luis  Obispo  - 

Los  Angeles 

Los  Angeles 

De  Witt 

Santa  Barbara.. 


State. 


Md 

Iowa... 

Me 

N.  Y-.. 
N.  Y.... 
N.  0-.. 

N.  a... 

Pa 

Pa- 

Pa 

8.  C 

N.  Y„.. 
Conn... 

Md 

Minn .. 

Pa 

Pa. 

N.  C„.. 
N.  0... 

Ala 

N.O.... 
N.  0-.. 

S.  C 

Md 

N.  J-.. 

Pa 

Pa 

Iowa... 
Ohio-.. 

Mo 

C;al 

Tex .-., 

Tex 

Cal 

Arizona 

Me 

Me 

N.  Y 

N.  0-... 

Cal 

Minn ... 
N.  Mex. 

Cal 

Ill 

N.Y 

Me 

Me 

Cal 

N.  Mex. 
Mich.... 

Cal 

Cal 

Cal 

Arizona 
Cal. 


Popnlatlon. 


1870.     1880. 


328 


2,629 

9K6 

1,453 

2,753 


734 
1,391 

317 
2,347 


1,028 
428 
894 
458 


1,690 

1,191 

G43 


1,230 


227 

777 

871 

1,120 

238 


Cal 

Cal 

Cal 

Ill 

K.  Mex. 

Tex 

Cal 

Cal 

Cal 

Cal 

Cal 

Cal 

N.  Mex 

Col 

Cal 

Cal , 

Cal 

Tex 

Cal 

N.Mex 

Col 

HI 

Minn  ... 

Cal 

Tex 

Ind 

Cal 

Cal 

Cal 

Col 

Tex 

Cal 

Cal 

Cal 

Ill 

Cal 


2,397 


3,249 


149,473 

754 


436 
1,380 
2,613 
1,140 


1,988 

92 

1,073 

1,015 


474 


12,509 
9,089 


742 


2,695 
841 


168 
1,111 
1,445 


1,276 


1ST 

en 

18« 

2,878 
961 

2,064 

8,480 
88 
745 
801 
4U2 

2,487 
840 
87S 
S4 

1,09T 
730 

1,17» 
614 
168 

2,519 

1,612 

1,301 
60 

1,195 
77 
88« 
85 
230 
870 
748 
910 
150 

1,305 
39 

2,7.14 
658 

3,495 

2:56 

233,989 

738 

130 

1,517 

1,568 

3,171 

1,047 
146 
26 
152 

2,457 
f.25 

1,238 
493 
180 

1,170 

872 

18,103 

12,567 

322 

277 

67 

248 

906 

484 

378 

1,369 
l.-iS 
284 
341 

3,754 

2,243 
708 

l,2.i2 
932 
311 
75 

1,268 
426 
342 
238 
2li5 

6,202 

2,270 

75 

90 

598 

1,860 

3,1)24 
711 

2,146 

3,460 


382 


*  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF   THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  KETURNS  OF  1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


County. 


Snnta  Clara tp. 

Santa  Clara p.v- 

Santa  Cruz c. 

Santa  Cruz ?•▼• 

Santa  Fe tp. 

Santa  F6 ph- 

Santa  F6 p.h. 

Santa  F6 c. 

Santa  Fe P.v. 

Santa  Monica p. v. 

Santa  Paula p.v. 

Santa  Kosa. tp. 

Santa  Rosa p.v. 

Santee tp. 

Santee tp. 

Siintee  Agency p.T. 

Santiago P-tp. 

Santuck p.tp. 

Sapello V-y. 

Sappington p.v. 

Sarali  Furnace h. 

Sarabsvllle p.T. 

Siuanac p.v. 

Saranac p.tp 

Saranac  Lalce p.v. 

Saratoga p.v. 

Saratoga tp. 

Saratoga p.tp. 

Saratoga p.v. 

Saratoga p.tp. 

Saratoga p.h. 

Saratoga,, tp. 

Saratoga p.v. 

Saratoga tp. 

Saratoga tp. 

Saratoga p.h. 

Siiratoga p.tp, 

Saratoga  Springs. ..tp. 
Saratoga  Springs. ..p.v. 

Sarcoxie' tp. 

Sarcoxio tp. 

Sarcoxie p.T. 

Sardinia p.T. 

Sardinia tp. 

Sardinia p.T. 

Sardinia p.T, 

Sardis „ .,„p.T, 

Sardls p.T. 

Sardia „ p.T, 

Sargeaut tp. 

Sargoant p.tp 

Sarpy  Centre p.h 

SarversviUe- 

Sassafras 

Sassafras  Fork... 

Saticoy » 

SatuclvPt..,., T, 

Saucelito tp, 

Saucelito.™ p.T, 

Saiigatuck tp. 

Saugatuck p.T. 

Saugertios tp. 

Saugerties p.T. 

Saugus tp. 

Sangus p.T, 

Sault  Centre p.T. 

Sauk  Centre tp, 

Sauk  City h. 

Sauk  City p.T. 

Sunk  Rapids tp. 

Sauk  Rapids p.T. 

Saukville tp, 

Saukvillo p.T, 

Saulstury p.v, 

Saul's  Cross  Boads.li. 

Saulston tp. 

Sault  Sainte  Marie.tp. 
Sault  Sainte  Marie.p.v, 

Saundersville p.y, 

Saundersville p.h. 

Sauratown p.tp 

Savage p.v. 

Savannah c. 

Savannah tp. 

Savannah  p.v, 

Siivannah p.v. 

Savannah tp. 

Savannah p.v. 

Savannah tp. 

Savannah p.v. 

Savannah tp. 


•p.h 
,p.v, 
p.tp, 
•p.tp. 


Santa  Clara..., 
Santa  Clara..., 
Santa  Cruz.... 
Rio  Arriba..., 

Clinton 

Miami 

Monroe 

Santa  Fe 

Maury 

Lob  Angeles.. 

Ventura 

Sonoma 

Sonoma 

Clarendon 

Georgetown .. 

Knox 

Sherburne..., 

Union 

San  Miguel... 

St.  Louis 

Clarion 

Noble 

Ionia 

Clinton 

Franklin , 

Santa  Clara.., 

Grundy 

Marshall 

Randolph , 

Howard 

Pratt 

"Winona 

Winona 

Saratoga 

Wilson , 

Wilson 

Wood 

Saratoga , 

Saratoga 

Jefierson 

Jasper 

Jasper. , 

Decatur 

Erie 

Erie 

Brown 

Mason 

Panola 

Monroe 

Douglas 

Mower 

Sarpy 

Butler 

Kent 

Granville^.., 

Ventura 

Plymouth.... 

Marin 

Marin 

Allegan 

Allegan 

Ulster 

Ulster 

Essex 

Essex 

Stearns 

Stearns 

Whatcom.... 

Sauk 

Benton 

Benton 

Ozaukee 

Ozaukee  .... 
Hardeman.. 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Chippewa.... 
Chippewa...., 
Worcester... 

Sumner 

Stokes 

Howard 

Chatham 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Andrew 

Wayne , 

Wayne 

Jackson 

Ashland , 

Anderson 


State, 


Population. 


1870.     1880, 


Cal 

Oal 

Cal 

N.  Mex, 

111 

Ind 

Mo 

N,  Mex 
Tenn„„ 

Cal 

Cal 

Cal 

Cal 

S.  C 

S.C , 

Neb 

Minn  .. 

S.C 

N.  Mex, 

Mo 

Pa 

Ohio 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y_.„ 

Cal 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa..,, 

Kan 

Minu,.. 

Minn,,, 

N.  Y 

N.  0 

N.  0 

Wis 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Kan-.., 

Mo 

Mo 

Ind 

N.  Y„.., 

N.  Y 

Ohio...., 

Ky 

Miss 

Ohio.... 

Ill 

Minn .. 

Neb 

Pa 

Md 

N.  C...., 

Cal 

Mass.,,, 

Cal 

Cal 

Mich,.,, 

Mich,,,, 

N.  Y„„, 

N.  Y,,,. 

Mass... 

Mass,.. 

Minn  .. 

Minn .. 

Wash.. 

Wis 

Minn  .. 

Minn  „ 

Wis 

Wis 

Tenn  ,. 

N.C 

N.  C 

Mich... 

Mich... 

Mass... 

Tenn... 

N.  C... 

Md 

Ga 

Ill 

Ill 

Mo 

N,  Y,... 

N.  Y.... 

N.  C... 

Ohio.... 

S.C 


3,4G9 


2,898 


977 
2,571 


156 
1,879 


256 

724 

3,802 


1,233 
1,103 


1,068 


4,052 
1,108 


300 
8,537 
7,616 
1,876 
1,983 


1,704 


170 
1,035 


1,859 


731 


2,538 
1,026 
10,455 
3,731 
2,247 


1,930 


1,119 
1,213 


1,117 


28,235 
1,236 
971 
1,257 
1,933 


515 

394 

1,067 


4,785 

2,416 

3,898 

196 

626 

92 

77 

6,635 

166 

417 

188 

6,761 

3,616 

1,751 

2,732 

126 

243 

2,576 

182 

110 

32 

249 

877 

4,552 

191 

297 

1,133 

1,020 

136 

667 

43 

907 

186 

4,539 

1,434 

81 

316 

10,820 

8,421 

716 

1,545 

341 

140 

1,767 

272 

283 

224 

986 

265 

1,162 

624 

43 

37 

200 

1,983 

1,680 

158 

1,372 

476 

2,220 

794 

10,375 

3,923 

2,625 

1,006 

1,201 

398 

48 

917 

698 

598 

1,941 

295 

188 

75 

1,511 

4,233 

1,947 

642 

98 

1,816 

164 

30,709 

1,276 

1,000 

1,206 

1,867 

418 

694 

342 

1,604 


Place. 


County. 


Savannah p.T. 

Saverton p.tp. 

Saville tp. 

Savona p.v. 

Savoy p.tp. 

Savoy p.v. 

Sawyer's  Bar p.h. 

Sawyer's  Mills v. 

Saxenburg p.b. 

Saxton p.b. 

Saxton's  Kiver p.v. 

Saxville tp. 

Saxville p.h. 

Saybrook p.tp 

Saybrook p.v, 

Saybrook .p.tp, 

Saylor tp. 

Sajiorsville p.v. 

Say  re p.v, 

Sayreville tp, 

Sayreville p.T, 

Sayville p.T. 

Scabtown h. 

Scales  Monnd tp. 

Scales  Mound.. p.T, 

Scambler tp. 

Scandia tp. 

Scandia. p.T. 

ScandinaTia tp, 

Scandinavia p.h. 

Scarborough p.tp. 

Scarsdale p.tp. 

Schaghticoke tp. 

Schell  City p.v. 

Schellsburg p.b, 

Schenectady c, 

Scherersville h. 

Schleislngervine....p.v, 

Schleswig tp, 

Schluersburg p.h. 

Schnecksville p.v. 

Schnellville p.h, 

Schochoh p.h. 

Schodack -...tp, 

Scliodack  Landlng.p.T, 

Schoenerton b, 

Schoharie tp. 

Schoharie p,T. 

SchoUville t. 

Schoolcraft tp, 

Schoolcraft tp, 

Schoolcraft p.v. 

Schraalenburg p.v. 

Schroeppel tp, 

Schroon tp, 

Scbroon  Lake p.T. 

Schueyville p.h. 

Schulenburg p.T. 

Schultz tp. 

Schultzville p.v. 

Schuyler p.v, 

Schuyler tp, 

Schuyler's  Falls, ...p.tp. 

Schuyler's  Lake p.v. 

Schuylersville p.v. 

Schuylkill p.tp. 

Schuylkill* tp, 

Schuylkill  HaTen..p.b, 

Schwenksville p.v. 

Scio p.tp 

Scio tp, 

Scio .,,, p.v. 

Scio p.v, 

Scio p.T. 

Sciota tp. 

Sciota p.T. 

Sciota tp. 

Sciota tp. 

Sc'ota p.T, 

Scioto tp. 

Scioto tp, 

Scioto »..tp. 

Scioto tp. 

Scioto tp, 

SciotovlUe p.T, 

Scipio tp. 

Scipio p.v, 

Scipio tp. 

Scipio tp. 

Scipio tp, 

Scipio p.v. 


Hardin 

Balls 

Perry 

Steuben 

Berkshire 

Fannin 

Siskiyou 

Worcester 

Butler 

Bedford- 

Windham 

Waushara 

Waushara 

Middlesex 

McLean 

Ashtabula 

Polk 

Polk 

Bradford , 

Middlesex 

Middlesex 

Suffolk 

Menard 

Jo  Daviess 

Jo  Daviess 

Otter  Tail 

Itcpublic 

Republic 

Waupaca 

Waupaca 

Cumberland-,, 
Westchester-., 

Rensselaer. 

VeiTjon 

Bedford 

Schenectady-,. 

Lehigh 

Washington-,, 

Manitowoc 

St.  Charles 

Lehigh.- 

Dubois 

Logan 

Rensselaer ,.... 
Rensselaer ..... 
Northampton. 
Schoharie-...,. 

Schoharie 

Clarke 

Houghton- 

Kalamazoo 

Kalamazoo 

Bergen,.. , 

Oswego 

Essex 

Essex- 

Green , 

Fayette 

Aiken 

Lackawanna... 

Colfax 

Herkimer—,... 

Clinton— 

Otsego 

Saratoga 

Chester 

Schuylkill 

Schuylkill 

Montgomery,,. 
Washtenaw,-.. 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Harrison 

Linn 

McDonough-,, 
McDonougb-,, 

Shiawassee 

Dakota 

Clinton 

Delaware 

Jackson 

Pickaway.-.,.. 

Pike 

Ross 

Scioto 

Allen , 

Jennings 

La  Porte 

Hillsdale 

Cayuga , 

Cayuga 


Population, 


1870,      1880, 


Tenn.... 

Mo 

Pa 

N.  Y 

Mass.... 

Tex 

Cal 

Mass.... 

Pa 

Pa 

Vt 

Wis 

Wis 

Conn.... 

Ill 

Ohio 

Iowa.,.. 
Iowa.... 

Pa 

N.  J 

N.  J 

N.  Y 

Tex 

Ill 

Ill 

Minn ... 
Kan  -.., 

Kan 

Wis 

Wis 

Me 

N.  Y„„ 
N,  Y„., 

Mo 

Pa 

N,  Y-„ 

Pa 

Wis 

Wis 

Mo 

Pa 

Ind 

Ky 

N,  Y 

N,  Y,,., 

Pa 

N,  Y 

N.  Y 

Ky 

Mich,,,, 
Mich.,,. 
Mich,,,. 

N.  J 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Wis 

Tex 

S.  C 

Pa 

Neb 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N,  Y 

N,  Y-,„ 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Oregon. 

Ill 

Ill 

Mich.... 
Minn ... 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Mich..,, 
N.  Y„,., 
N,  Y„.,. 


1,599 
1,693 


295 
318 


746 


1,267 

389 

1,421 

1,007 


1,065 


1,692 

517 

3,125 


342 
11,026 


1,718 


3,207 
1,200 


669 

2,136 

932 


3,987 
1,899 


1,558 
1,684 


1,3G7 
1,593 
1,840 
2,940 


2,495 
1,652 


1,138 


1,270 
328 


1,542 

1,605 

1,546 

772 

2,318 

480 

420 


856 
1,107 
2,070 


1,006 

1.488 

1,743 

447 

715 

348 

83 

178 

319 

309 

591 

719 

46 

1,302 
734 

1,384 
878 
151 
729 

1,930 
735 

1,589 
86 
808 
311 
376 

1,139 

673 

987 

94 

1,847 
614 

3,591 
676 
359 
13,G55 
56 
358 

2,069 

28 

160 

80 

63 

4,319 
401 
53 

3,350 

1,188 
118 

2,645 

2,284 
951 
507 

3,381 

1,731 
324 
76 
719 

2,442 
119 

1,017 

1,452 

1,640 
265 

1,017 

1,416 
521 

3,052 
303 

2,291 

1,555 
419 
509 
193 

1,601 
349 

1,565 
276 
228 

1,667 

1,679 

2,.310 
921 

1,751 
671 
614 
200 
745 

1,012 

8,093 
141 


>  la  1871,  part  to  Rural. 


.»  In  1878,  part  to  Walker. 


383 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


rUM. 


Oom^. 


8Ut«. 


Boipio ............^tp. 

Sciplo ~. tp. 

BcipiOTllU p.T. 

8cituat«» tp. 

Scituate- ~. p.T. 

Scitimte- ^ tiK 

SdtnaM  Centra p.T. 


..p.b. 

.p.T. 


SMbevTiUe 
Seofteld 

Scotch  Duali ....p.b. 

Sootcb  Grove ptp. 

Sootcb  Iim p.b. 

Scotch  Ilill V. 

Scotch  Iri«h .-tp. 

Scotia - p.T. 

Scotland tp. 

Scotland p.T. 

Scotland p.v. 

Scotland tp. 

Scotland p.T. 

Scotland p.T. 

Scotland  Neck. p.T. 

Scott ~ tp. 

Scott tp. 

Scott tp. 

Scott tp. 

ScoU tp. 

Scott tp. 

Scott tp. 

Scott tp. 

Scott........ tp. 

Scott p.tp. 

Scott tp. 

Scott tp. 

Scott «.- tp. 

iBcott........ ..tp. 

Scott tp. 

Scott ~.....tp. 

Scott ~ tp. 

Scott tp. 

Scott tp. 

/Scott tp. 

Scott tp. 

Scott tp. 

Scott tp. 

Scott tp. 

Scott....... tp. 

Scott..... p.T, 

Scott 
Scott 
Scott. 
Scott 

Soott tp. 

Scott ~ tp. 

Scott ~ p.tp. 

Scott tp. 

Scott ~ tp. 

Scott ........tp. 

Scott tp. 

Scott tp. 

Scott p.tp. 

Scottdale p.b, 

Scott  Land p.T 

Scott  Kiver p.tp. 

Scott's ....p.h. 

Scottsborough p.T. 

Scottsburg p.T. 

Bcottsbnrg p.b. 

ScottBbnrg p.h. 

Scott's  Creek ..«p.tp. 

Scottsville p.T. 

Scottsville p.h. 

Scottsville p.T. 

Scottsville p.h. 

ScottHville p.T. 

Scottsville p.T. 

Scott  Valley „tp. 

Scottville tp. 

ScottTlUe p.T. 

Scrabble h. 

ScraDton tp. 


..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 
..tp. 


Scranton... 

Scranton 

ScrantoQ 

Scranton 

Scranton 

Scriba .»... 

Scribner 

Scrub  Graag.-. 
Scrub  Grata.... 
Scafflotown... 


P-T. 

P-T. 

c 

P-T. 

ph. 

.....p.tp 

p.T. 

..-.tp, 
.-..T. 
p.tp, 


Seneca 

Caj-uga. 

Plymouth- 

Plymouth- — 

Providence — 

Plyinuuth -.. 

Moumoutb — 

Btoiiroe 

Montgomery 

Jouos 

Clarion - 

Murthumberlond, 

Rowan 

Scheiioctiidy 

Windham 

Windham 

Donhnmrae 

McDouough- 

Greene 

Franklin -.., 

Halifax - 

Champaign -. 

Ogle -., 

Harrison 

Kosciusko -.. 

Montgomery 

Steuben 

Vandorburg , 

Buona  Vista- 

Fayette  - 

Floyd 

Franklin........... 

Fremont -, 

Hamilton— , 

Henry , 

Johnson , 

Madison 

Mahaska 

Montgomery , 

Poweshiek 

Bonrbon 

Lincoln- 

Linn 

Stevens 

Taney 

Cortland 

Cortland 

Adams 

Brown 

Marion 

Sandusky  ...- 

Alleghany 

Columbia 

Lackawanna. 

Lawrence „ 

Wayne 

Brown 

Columbia. 

Crawford 

Sheboygan 

Westmoreland ... 

Edgar 

Siskiyou 

Kalamazoo ., 

Jackson - , 

Scott , 

Douglas , 

Halifax- 

Jackson- , 

Floyd 

Mitchell 

Alien 

Sullivan 

Monroe 

Albemarle 

Siskiyou 

Macoupin 

Macoupin- 

Anne  Arundel-.. 

Greene 

Osage 

Jackson 

Lackawanna 

Williamsburg 

Wood. 

Oswego , 

Dodge , 

Venango 

Venango 

Laurens , 


Population. 


187a     1880. 


Ohio 

Ohio 

N.  Y-.., 

Mast 

Mass.... 

U.  I 

Mom.... 
N.  J.-.. 
Mich... 
N.  Y-.. 
Iowa. .. 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  C... 
N.  Y„.. 
Conn... 
Conn... 
Dak...- 

III 

Ind 

Pa. 

N.  C... 

Ill- 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind..... 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa .... 
Iowa..., 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Kan  -.. 
Kan  -.. 
Kan  „.. 
Minn.. 

Mo 

N.Y 

N.  Y-.. 

Ohio 

Ohio. ... 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Pa. 

Ill 

Cal , 

Mich... 

Ala 

Ind 

Oregon 

Va 

N.O 

Ind 

Kan-.. 

Ky 

Mo 

N.  Y-.. 

Va 

Cal 

Ill 

Ill 

Md 

Iowa.... 
Kan-.. 
Miss.... 

Pa. 

8.0 

Wis 

N.  Y-.. 

Neb 

Pa. 

Pa 

8.  0 


1,761 
1,036 


2,350 
8,846 


120 
929 


1,409 

'"im 


1,102 


755 

820 

996 

700 

1,111 

1,024 

1,677 


337 
196 


1,277 
270 

1,113 
064 

1,229 

1,103 


612 

1,729 


1,306 


654 
1,083 


1,409 

1,070 

495 

1,274 

1,807 

1,465 

1,132 

902 

817 

1,385 

832 

800 

1,448 


440 
'357 


629 
217 


1,259 


36,092 


3,066 


997 
'i',797 


1,720 

1.836 
128 

S,406 
787 

3,810 
340 
60 
191 
95 
778 
84 
837 

1,005 
222 
690 
114 
150 

1,247 
149 
223 
482 

i,o;n 
1,002 

1,034 

786 

1,289 

1,154 

1,076 

239 

621 

670 

63 

1,677 

734 

1,314 

897 

1,103 

1,049 

1,139 

821 

2,316 

412 

1,427 

202 

742 

080 

117 

1,192 

1,224 

653 

1,452 

1,632 

1,347 

1,263 

985 

1,097 

1,352 

830 

1,046 

1,584 

1,275 

127 

625 

45 

722 

454 

63 

87 

621 

150 

95 

895 

88 

784 

465 

1,678 

1,523 

284 

97 

1,007 

8-35 

1,052 

45,850 

124 

48 

2,971 

193 

1,503 

135 

2,000 


r.U    •    •) 

Ftaotb 


...p.tp 
...p.tp. 
...p.tp. 


Coanty. 


Scuppemong _.tp. 

Scuppemong -p.tp. 

Seabcck -..p.T, 

Seaboard........ tp. 

Seaboard -p.T, 

Seabrlght - p.T. 

Sealirook p.tp. 

ScabnKik  l8land..-lsl. 

Sea  Cliff p.T. 

Seaford hnd. 

Heaford - p.T, 

Seal tp. 

Seale -p.T, 

Sealy p.b. 

Seapo p.h. 

Searcy p.v. 

Sears tp. 

Senrs p.h 

Searsborough p.v, 

Searsburg p.h 

Searsburg. 
Sc-arsmont 
Searsport.. 

Seattle b, 

Sebago p.tp. 

Sebago  Lake p.v. 

Sebastopol v. 

Sebastopol p.T. 

Sebastopol v. 

Sebec tp. 

Sebec p.T. 

Sebewa - p.tp. 

Sebewaing tp. 

Sobewaing p.T. 

Sobree p.T. 

Secor p-^. 

Sedalia p.T. 

Sedalia » x. 

Sedalia tp. 

Sedan tp. 

Sedan p.T. 

Seddon t. 

Sedgwick tp. 

Sedgwick p.T. 

Sedgwick tp. 

Sedgwick p.v. 

Seekonk p.tp. 

Seely - tp. 

Seely - tp. 

SeoleyTiUo h. 

Sefton tp. 

Scgo p.h. 

Seguin p.T, 

Seidorsville p.T, 

Seigfrlod's  Bridge.-p.T. 

SeisholtzvlUe p.h. 

Solby tp. 

SelbyvIUe p.v. 

Solden p.h, 

Selin's  GroTO p.b, 

Sellersburg,,- p.v. 

Sellers  ville .p.b. 

Selma c. 

Selnia p.T. 

Selma p.v. 

Selma tp. 

Selma tp. 

Selma tp. 

Selma p.T, 

Selma p.v. 

Solvin p.T. 

Seminary p.tp. 

Sempronius tp. 

Serapronius p.h. 

Sonatobia - p.T. 

Seneca tp. 

Seneca p.T. 

Seneca tp. 

Seneca p.T. 

Seneca p.tp. 

Seneca tp, 

Seneca p.T. 

Seneca  t tp, 

Seneca tp, 

Seneca tp, 

Seneca tp, 

Seneca tp, 

Seneca p.T, 

Seneca „tp. 

Seneca p.h. 

Seneca tp. 


Tyrrell 

Washington-... 

Kitsnp 

Northampton.. 
Northampton  .. 

Monmouth 

IlockUighivm... 

Cliarlostou 

Queens 

Sussex 

Sussex 

Pike 

Russell -.... 

Austin 

Republic 

White 

Sierra 

Rock  Island-.. 

Poweshiek 

Schuyler 

Bennington—.. 

Waldo 

Waldo 

King 

Cumberland-.. 
Cumberland- 
Nevada 

Sonoma ,,„ 

Luzerne 

Piscataquis 

Piscataquis 

Ionia 

Huron 

Huron 

Webster 

Woodford....... 

Clinton 

Pettis -., 

Pettis 

Chautauqua..., 
Chautauqua-,, 

Bland 

Harvey 

Harvey 

Hancock 

Hancock 

Bristol , 

Guthrie -. 

Faribault 

Morgan 

Fayette 

Perry 

Guadalupe 

Noitliamptou., 
Northampton.. 

Berks 

Bureau 

Sussex 

Suffolk 

Snyder 

Clarke 

Bucks 

Dallas -.... 

Drew 

Delaware.-...., 

Wexford 

Cottonwood.-., 

Johdson 

Johnson 

Clark.- 

Warrick , 

Fayette 

Cayuga 

Cayuga 

Tate 

Plumas -,. 

La  Salle 

McHenry 

Nemaha. 

Lenawee 

Newton  - -. 

Newton 

Ontario— 

Monroe 

Noble 

Seneca 

Oconee 

Oconee 

Crawford 

Crawford 

Green  Lake-... 


Population. 


1870.     1880, 


N.  0- 
N.C- 
Wosb. 
N.  C„ 
N.  0- 
N.J... 

N.H 

8.C 

N.  Y 

Del 

Del 

Ohio 

AU 

Tex 

Kan 

Ark 

Cal 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

N.  Y 

Vt 

M6 

Me 

Wash... 

Me 

Me 

Cal 

Cal 

Pa 

Me 

Me 

Mich.... 
Mich..- 
Mich.... 

Ky 

Ill 

Ind 

Mo 

Mo 

Kan  -... 

Kan 

Va 

Kan 

Kan 

Me 

Me 

Mass 

Iowa.... 
Minn ... 

Ohio 

Ill 

Ohio 

Tex 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Ill 

Del 

N.  Y 

Pa. 

Ind 

Pa 

Ala 

Ark 

Ind 

Mich.... 
Minn... 

N.  C 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Ind.. 

111.... 

N.Y 

N.Y 

Miss. 

Cal.. 

III-.. 

HI.... 

Kan, 

Mich.... 

Mo... 

Mo... 

N.Y. 

Ohio. 

Ohio, 

Ohio 

S.O.. 

S.C. 

Wis.. 

Wis.. 

Wis.. 


1,121 
1,561 


1,570 
*i',669 


2,0'JU 
l,30.l 
1,451 


235 
1,418 
2.282 
1,107 

803 


1,139 

907 


407 
'4,500 


1,113 
"i',021 
""2O6 


1,227 
33 


1,497 
'"i',453 
"6,484 


920 
1,105 


400 

091 

1,027 


2,390 


285 
0,188 
1,242 

9S2 
1,583 
2,313 


1,233 


414 


884 


V  Qt  ft«q  ,f:: 


1  In  1872,  part  to  Oenevo. 


POPULATION  OF   THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF   THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Seneca ~.tp. 

Seneca tp. 

Seneca  Ciistlo p.v. 

Seneca  Falls tp. 

Seneca  FalU p.T. 

Seneca  Hill T. 

Seneca  ville p.T. 

Seney „...p.h. 

Sennet p.tp, 

Senoia p.v. 

Serbin p.h. 

Serena tp. 

Serena p.T. 

Sergeant tp. 

Sergeant  Bluffs p.T. 

Sergeantsville p.T. 

Setnuket p.v. 

Settler tp. 

Settleton v. 

Sevastopol p.T. 

Sevastopol T. 

Sevastopol p.v. 

Sevastoiral p.tp. 

Seven  Hickory tp. 

Seven  Mile p.T. 

Seven  Mile  Creek.. tp. 

Seventy-first tp. 

Seventy-six tp. 

Seventy-six tp. 

Seventy-six tp. 

Severance p.v. 

Severance tp. 

Seviarville p.v. 

Seville p.h. 

Seville p.tp. 

Seville p.v. 

Seward tp. 

Seward tp. 

Seward tp. 

Seward p.tp. 

Seward tp. 

Seward p.v. 

Seward tp. 

Seward p.v, 

Sewcll  Depot p.T. 

Sewellsville p.v. 

Sewickley p.b. 

Sewickley tp. 

Sewickley tp. 

Sexto  nsville v. 

Sextonville p.h. 

Seybertgville U. 

Seymour v. 

Seymour tp. 

Seymour p.T. 

Seymour p.h. 

Seymour c. 

Seymour p.T. 

Seymour p.T. 

Seymour tp. 

Seymour tp. 

Seymour p.v. 

Seymour tp. 

Shabbona tp. 

Shabbona p.T. 

Sliabonior p.v. 

Shade tp. 

Shade  Gap p.b. 

Shadevillo p.v. 

Shadyside v. 

Shaefferstown p.T. 

Shaefferatown h. 

Sliafer p.tp, 

Bhafton p.v. 

Shafton v. 

Shaftsburg p.T. 

Shaftsbury p.tp, 

Shailervjlle v. 

Shakerag h. 

Shakerag T. 

Shakers p.v. 

Shaker  Village t. 

Shaker  Village h. 

Shaker  Village p.T. 

Shakopee c. 

Shalor tp. 

Shalersville p.tp. 

Shallotte p.tp. 

Sbnmburg p.v. 

Shamokiu p.b. 

Shamokin tp. 

Sharaokin  Dam p.T, 

Shamong tp. 


Shawano 

Wood 

Ontario 

Seneca  .....^ 

Seneca 

Oswego.- 

Guernsey 

Plymouth, 

Cayuga„ 

Coweta 

Lee 

La  Salle 

La  Salle 

McKean 

Woodbury 

Hunterdon 

Suffolk 

Sioux 

St.  Franpols 

Kosciusko 

Wayne 

Polk , 

Door 

Coles 

Butler 

Juneau , 

Cumberland 

Muscatine 

Washington , 

Sumner , 

Doniphan 

Sibley 

Sevier 

Fulton 

Gratiot 

Medina m,.... 

Kendall , 

Winnebago , 

Kosciusko 

Stafford 

Nobles 

Seward , 

Schoharie 

Schoharie 

Fayette 

Belmont 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Westmoreland. ... 

Baltimore 

Bichland 

Luzerne 

Maricopa 

New  Haven 

New  Haven 

Champaign 

.Jackson 

Wayne , 

Baylor 

Eau  Claire , 

Lafayette 

Outagamie 

Outagamie 

De  Kalb 

De  Kalb 

Fayette 

Somerset 

Huntingdon 

Franklin 

Bergen 

Lebanon 

Berks. 

Chisago 

Randolph 

Westmoreland.... 

Shiawassee 

Bennington 

Middlesex 

Nicholas 

Bath 

Albany 

York 

Berkshire 

Merrimac ■ 

Scott 

Alleghany 

Portage 

Brunswick 

Venango 

Northumberland. 
Northumberland. 

Snyder 

Burlington 


State. 


Wls._ 
Wis..., 
N.  Y.. 
N.  Y.. 
N.  Y.. 
N.Y_ 
Ohio„ 
Iowa., 
N.  Y.. 

Ga 

Tex... 

Ill 

Ill 

Pa 

Iowa.... 
N.  J-. 
N.  Y... 
Iowa.. 
Mo... 
lud.... 
Ind.... 
Iowa.. 
Wis .... 

Ill 

Ohio... 
Wis.... 
N.  C... 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Kan... 
Kan..., 
Minn. 
Tenn . 

Ill 

Mich.. 
Ohio... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind.... 
Kan ... 
Minn., 
Neb.... 
N.  Y... 
N.Y... 
W.  Va 
Ohio... 

Pa 

Pa. , 

Pa. , 

Md 

Wig 

Pa 

Arizona 
Conn... 
Conn... 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa... 

Tex 

Wis 

Wig 

Wis 

Wis , 

III 

Ill 

Ill 

Pa 

Pa 

Ohio.... 
N.J„.. 

Pa , 

Pa 

Minn ... 

Mo , 

Pa 

Mich... 

Vt 

Conn..., 

Ky 

Va. 

N.  Y 

Me 

Mags.... 
N.  H.... 
Minn .., 

Pa 

Ohio 

N.  0 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  J 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


6,860 
6,890 


376 
T,748 


1,076 

""ii"9 


326 
1,402 
229 
825 
1,884 
959 
449 


156 
159 


675 
697 
944 
997 
1,353 


1,765 


84 

1,472 

443 

2,372 


2,122 
"2,372 


419 


251 
1,205 


1,287 
"T24 


2,027 


1,349 

1,473 

977 

1,036 


4,320 
2,282 


1,149 


346 
667 
149 

6,863 

6,880 
107 
402 
71 

1,644 
731 
45 

1,077 
108 
922 
167 
139 
492 
187 
197 
151 
938 
354 
865 

1,411 
251 
785 

3,2:)6 
833 
873 
419 
375 
331 
253 
64 

1,216 
689 

1,012 

1,111 

1,421 
390 
226 

1,525 

1,7.34 
141 
323 
113 

2,053 
392 

3,467 

120 

61 

69 

258 

2,318 

1,825 
82 

4,250 
501 
183 
615 
898 
850 
762 

1,432 
399 
164 

1,287 
170 
146 
432 
574 
83 
680 
147 
343 
104 

1,887 
158 
82 
116 
139 
65 
35 
159 

2,011 

1,929 
960 

1,6.30 
484 

8,184 

2,218 
307 

1,097 


Shamrock .y 

Shandaken -.p.tp, 

Shane's  Crogging  ...p.v. 

Shancsville p.v. 

Shannock  Mills p.v. 

Shannon tp. 

Shannon p.v. 

Shannon tp. 

Shannon tp. 

Shannon p.T. 

Shannon h. 

Shannondalc p.T. 

Shaunondale p.h. 

Shanty  Row t. 

Sliapleigh tp. 

Shapleigh p.h. 

Sharon p.tp 

Sharon ...tp. 

Sharon _.h. 

Sharon -.tp. 

Sharon tp. 

Sharon tp. 

Sharon -.tp. 

Sharon p.tp. 

Sharon -.tp. 

Sharon tp. 

Sharon p.T. 

Sharon tp. 

Sharon -.p.tp, 

Sharon -tp. 

Sharon -.tp. 

Sharon tp. 

Sharon tp. 

Sharon p.T. 

Sharon tp. 

Sharon p.b. 

Sharon -.tp. 

Sharon tp. 

Sharon p.T. 

Sharon tp. 

Sharon tp. 

Sharon p.v. 

Sharon  Centre p.T. 

Sharon  Centre p.h. 

Sharon  Springs p.v. 

Sharonville p.T. 

Sharonvllle t. 

Sharpe'g tp. 

Sharpsburg p.T. 

Shnrpsburg p.h. 

Sharpsburg p.T. 

Sharpsburg -p.v. 

Sharpsburg tp. 

Sharpsburg p.b. 

Shai-psburg v. 

Sharpsburg p.h. 

Sharp's  Creek p.tp, 

Sharpsville p.v. 

Shiirpsville p.b. 

Sharp  town p.v. 

Sharptown p.v. 

Shartlesville p.v. 

Shaskatan tp. 

Shasta p.v. 

Shattuckville h. 

Shaumburg p.tp. 

Shaw tp. 

Shaw -tp. 

Shawangunk p.tp. 

Shawano - p.v. 

Shawnee tp. 

Shawnee tp. 

Shawnee p.tp. 

Shawnee tp. 

Shawnee tp. 

Shawnee tp. 

Shawnee tp. 

Shawnee tp. 

Shawnee p.v. 

Shawneehaw tp. 

Shawnee  town p.v. 

Shawneetown p.h. 

Shaw's  Flat T. 

Shaw's  Hill T. 

Shaw's  Point tp. 

Shawswick tp. 

Sheakleyville p.b. 

Sheboygan c. 

Sheboygan tp. 

Shetoygan  Falls  ...tp. 
Sheboygan  Falls  ...p.v. 

Shedd's p.h. 

Sheepscot  Bridge. ..p.T. 


County. 


Berks 

Ulster 

Mercer 

Tuscarawas 

Washington 

Carroll 

Carroll 

Atchison 

Pottawatomie.-. 

Lee 

Muskingum 

Montgomery .... 

Clarion 

Schuylkill 

York 

York 

Litchfield 

Fayette 

Carroll 

Appanoose 

Audubon 

Clinton 

Johnson 

Norfolk 

Wivshtenaw 

Le  Sueur 

Madison 

Hillsborough.... 

Schoharie 

Mecklenburg.... 

Franklin 

Medina. 

Noble 

Noble 

Richland 

Mercer 

Potter 

Windsor 

Windsor 

Portage 

Walworth 

Walworth 

Medina 

Potter 

Schoharie 

Hamilton 

Pike 

Alexander 

Coweta 

Christian 

Bath 

Washington-.... 

Iredell 

Alleghany 

Blair 

San  Patricio 

McPherson , 

Tipton 

Mercer 

Wicomico-,. , 

Salem 

Berks 

Lincoln , 

Shasta 

Saginaw , 

Cook 

Aiken , 

Edgefield.. 

Ulster 

Shawano 

Fountain ..... 

Cherokee 

Johnson 

Wyandotte 

Bates 

Capo  Girardeau., 

Henry 

Allen 

Perry 

Watauga 

Gallatin 

Cape  Girardeau.. 

Tuolumne 

Mifilin 

Macoupin 

Lawrence 

Mercer 

Sheboygan  

Sheboygan  

Sheboygan  

Sheboygan  

Linn 

Lincoln...- 


Pa. 

N.  Y-... 
Ohio-.,, 
Ohio-,- 

R.  I 

Ill 

Ill , 

Kan .... 
Kan  -.. 
Misg-.- 

Ohio 

Ind 

Pa 

Pa. 

Me 

Me 

Conn..., 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa..,, 
Iowa,.., 
Iowa..., 
Moss..., 
Mich.- 
Minn .. 
Miss...., 
N.  H... 
N,  Y„.., 
N.C.-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.,, 
Ohio-.. 

Pa 

Pa 

Vt 

Vt 

Wis. 

Wis 

Wis , 

Ohio.... 

Pa 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio-.. 
N.  C-.., 

Ga 

Ill 

Ky 

Md 

N.C-.., 

Pa 

Pa 

Tex 

Kan-,., 

Ind 

Pa 

Md 

N.  J 

Pa 

Minn ... 

Cal 

Mich.-. 

Ill 

S.  C.-... 

S.  C 

N.  Y 

Wis 

Ind 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio 

Ohio 

N.C 

Ill 

Mo 

Cal 

Pa 

Ill 

Ind 

Pa 

Wis 

Wis 

Wig 

Wis 

Oregon. 
Me 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


2,751 
24G 
3G0 

"i'loij 

035 

1,301 

812 


44 


1,087 


2,441 
1,GG3 


661 


1,152 
1,120 
1,608 
1,087 
824 


182 
2,648 
2,197 
1,480 
1,131 
1,227 


2,762 

4,221 

OGS 

1,013 


948 
1,865 


319 
1,001 

947 
2,176 


199 


2,823 


8G7 

894 

2,451 

1,243 


1,676 
*i',169 

""328 


2,560 
273 
6,310 
1,403 
1,049 
1,174 


1.35 

2,829 

404 

3G8 

152 

1,193 

713 

1,816 

921 

233 

39 

116 

92 

2G6 

1,128 

46 

2,680 

1,789 

36 

600 

219 

1,154 

1,159 

1,492 

1,161 

1,202 

184 

203 

2,691 

2,048 

1,621 

1,195 

1,221 

204 

2,981 

6,684 

1,055 

1,012 

133 

1,639 

1,956 

667 

124 

36 

627 

469 

173 

982 

110 

67 

356 

1,260 

1,134 

8,46« 

132 

S3 

637 

280 

1,824 

411 

268 

212 

163 

448 

46 

954 

1,170 

1,669 

2,910 

890 

1,096 

995 

2,477 

2,377 

809 

2,200 

1,104 

1,241 

2,770 

4G3 

1,851 

71 

136 

147 

967 

3,966 

222 

7,314 

1,616 

1,810 

1,148 

68 

14i 


885 


POPDLATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


PlMtb 


Coantjr. 


8h«neld.......>......p.T. 

BlieffloM p.T. 

Shafllold tp. 

8h»ffl<<U...„ P.T. 

Sheffield ^ tp. 

ShaOIMd „.p.T. 

Sbeffleld tp. 

Sbeffleld — p.tp. 

Shaffleld tp. 

Sheffield ..........p-T. 

Sheffield p.tp, 

Shelbina. p.v. 

Shelburn p.T. 

Shelburne p.tp. 

Shelburoe tp. 

Shelburne ....p.tp 

Shelburne p.tp. 

Sholbr ~ tp. 

Shelby.. tp. 

Shelby.. tp. 

Shelby. tp. 

Shelby.. ._.p.T. 

Shelby.. tp. 

Shelby.. ~ tp. 

Shelby p.h. 

Shelby tp. 

Shelby tp. 

Shelby.. p.v. 

Shelby.. tp. 

Shelby.. p.v. 

Shelby p.T. 

Shelby.. p.tp. 

Shelby  City p.T. 

Shelby  Iron  Works.p.T. 

Shelbyville c. 

Shelby  vi  lie tp. 

Shelbyville c. 

Shelbyville p.T. 

Shelbyville p.v. 

Shelbyville p.v, 

Sheldahl p.h. 

Sheldon p.T, 

Sheldon tp. 

Sheldon p.T. 

Sheldon p.v, 

Sheldon p.tp. 

Sheldon p.tp. 

Sheldon p.tp. 

Sheldon p.tp. 

Sheldon tp. 

SheldonTtlle p.T. 

Shell  Rock tp. 

Shell  Kock p.T. 

Shell  Hock p.tp. 

Shell  Rock tp. 

Shell  Rock t. 

Shellsbnrg p.T. 

Shelocta... .p.b. 

Shelter  Island p.tp. 

Shelton v. 

Shelton tp. 

Shelton  Laurel tp. 

Shely tp. 

Shenandoah p.T. 

Shenandoah p.h, 

Shenandoah p.b. 

Shenandoa  li  I'n  W'ke.pT 

Shonango tp. 

Shenaiigo tp. 

Shonango p.T. 

Shopardsville. p.T. 

Shepherd p.h. 

Shepherdstown p.h. 

Bhepherd8town.....p.T. 

Shepherdstown p.T. 

Sheplierdsville p.v. 

Sherborn p.tp. 

Sherburne p.v. 

Sherburne p.v. 

Sherburne tp. 

Sherburne p.r. 

Sherburne p.tp 

Sherburne  Qnarter.T. 

Sheridan. p.h. 

Sheridan p.v. 

Sheridan.. p.T. 

Sheridan p.T. 

Sheridan... tp. 

Sheridan.. p.T. 

Sheridan.. tp. 

Sheridan.. tp. 

Sheridan tp. 

Sheridan.- tp. 

386 


Bureau.. 

Lake 

Tippecanoe.... 

Franklin 

Berkahlre  «... 
Berkahire..... 
AghlabuUu.... 
lioralo. ........ 

Wairen. 

Warren 

Caludonia...... 

Shelby 

Sullivan 

Franklin 

Lyon 

Coos 

Chittenden.... 

Jefferson 

Ripley 

Tippecanoe.... 

Shelby 

Shelby 

Macomb 

Oceana 

Oceana 

Blue  Earth.... 

Orleans 

Orleans 

Cleveland 

Cleveland 

Richland 

La  Crosse...... 

Boyle 

Shelby , 

Shelby 

Shelby , 

Shelby 

Shelby 

Shelby 

Bedford 

Story 

Allen 

Iroquois 

Iroquois 

O'Brien 

Houston 

Wyoming 

Beaufort 

Franklin 

Monroe 

Norfolk 

Butler 

Butler 

Greenwood... 

Freeborn 

Freeborn 

Benton 

Indiana 

Suffolk 

Fairfield 

Knox 

Madison 

Polk 

Page 

Richland 

Schuylkill.... 

I'Hge 

IiHwrence 

Mercer 

Mercer 

Clinton.. 

San  Jacinto.. 

Belmont 

Cumberland.. 

.lefferson 

Bullitt 

Middlesex.... 

Fleming 

Martin 

Chenango..,. 

Chenango 

Rutland 

Chenango 

Grant 

Placer. 

Pennington.. 

La  Salle 

Logan 

Hamilton..... 

Carroll 

Cherokee 

Poweshiek..,. 
Scott 


fiUto. 


Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa..., 
Mais... 
Mass.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio... 

Pa 

Pa 

Vt 

Mo 

lud 

Mass... 
Minn .. 
N.  H... 

Vt 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Mich.» 
Mich... 
Mich... 
Minn  .. 
N.  Y... 
N.  Y... 

N.  C 

N.  C... 
Ohio..., 

Wis 

Ky 

Alii 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ky 

Mo 

Tenn  ., 
Iowa.., 

Ind 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa... 
Minn  . 
N.  Y„. 
S.  0..... 

Vt 

Wis... 
Mass.. 
Iowa. . 
Iowa... 
Kan.... 
Minn  . 
Minn  . 
Iowa.. 

Pa 

N.  Y.. 
Conn... 

Mo 

N.  C... 
Minn . 
Iowa... 
Ohio... 

Pa. 

Va 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Mich.. 
Tex.... 
Ohio... 

Pa 

W.  Va. 

Ky 

Mass... 

Ky 

Minn. 
N.  Y.. 
N.  Y... 

Vt 

N.  Y... 
Ark  ... 

Cal 

Dak... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind.... 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa... 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


771 
'"l^Bii 


770 
973 

ceo 


811 
1,145 


1,582 


259 
1,190 
1,890 
2,412 
1,395 


1,695 
657 


728 
3,366 


1,849 


1,807 
654 
223 


2,051 
1,058 
2,731 
2,180 
530 
1,719 


812 
231 


828 
2,258 
2,2i5 
1,697 

615 


1,142 


113 
645 


2,951 


1,748 
2,616 


1,389 
267 

1,062 
158 


2,927 
"462 


1,002 
"*472 


558 
1,222 


905 

103 

1,644 

307 

2,204 

324 

688 

1.046 

1,424 

684 

884 

1,289 

387 

1,621 

140 

262 

1,096 

1,749 

2,902 

1,487 

1,299 

449 

1,657 

1,496 

81 

882 

8,824 

162 

2,606 

990 

1,871 

796 

466 

667 

2,939 

1,165 

3,745 

2,393 

619 

1,869 

322 

166 

1,939 

947 

730 

856 

2,257 

5,468 

1,529 

794 

368 

1,524 

719 

469 

1,013 

206 

547 

121 

732 

1,362 

1,087 

979 

809 

1,387 

70 

10,147 

197 

2,040 

1,595 

160 

145 

39 

64 

136 

1,533 

299 

1,401 

177 

131 

3,128 

944 

450 

337 

42 

125 

142 

442 

948 

308 

720 

657 

747 

1,247 


PIM6. 


Sheridan— tp. 

Sheridan— tp. 

Sheridan— tp. 

Sheridan ip. 

Sheridan..» tp. 

Sheridan. tp. 

Sheridan tp. 

Sheridan.. tp. 

Sheiidiin.. tp. 

Sheridan tp. 

Sheridan p.T, 

Sheridan tp. 

Sheridan.. tp. 

Sheridan. tp. 


,..tp. 
,.p.T, 
..p.v, 
..p.tp. 

.p.T, 


Connty. 


Sheridan... 

Sheridan.. 

Sheridun...„... 

Sheridan.. , 

Sheridan.- , 

Sheridan ip. 

Sheridan.. tp. 

Sherksville h. 

Sherman p.tp. 

Shennan ..tp. 

Sherman ..p.h. 

Sherman tp, 

Sherman tp. 

Slierman tp. 

Sherman tp. 

Sherman tp. 

Sherman tp, 

Sherman tp, 

Sherman.. tp, 

Sherman tp, 

Sherman tp, 

Sherman tp. 

Sherman tp. 

Sherman tp. 

Sherman tp. 

Sherman p.tp. 

Sherman tp, 

Sherman tp. 

Sherman tp. 

Sherman tp. 

Sherman tp. 

Sherman tp. 

Sherman tp, 

Sherman tp, 

Sherman tp. 

Sherman tp. 

Sherman tp, 

Sherman tp. 

Sherman tp, 

Sherman tp. 

Sherman p.v. 

Sherman tp, 

Sherman p.T. 

Sherman p.T. 

Sherman c. 

Sherman tp. 

Sherman tp. 

Sherman tp. 

Sherman p.h. 

Sherman  City p.h. 

Sherman  Mills p.T. 

Shermansdale p.h. 

Sherrill p.tp, 

Sherrill's  Mount.. ..p.v. 

Sherwood p.h. 

Sherwood tp. 

Sherwood p.v, 

Sherwood ji.v, 

Sherwood p.v, 

Sherwood  Forest.... tp. 

Sheshequin p.tp. 

Shetek tp. 

Shetek p.tp 

Shiawassee tp, 

Shiawassee v. 

Shible tp. 

Shickshinny p.b. 

Shields tp. 

Shields T. 

Shields.. tp. 

Shields tp, 

ShieMsvllle tp. 

Shleldsville p.v, 

ShilHngford h. 

ShiUington v. 

Shiloh tp, 

Shiloh p.T, 

Shiloh tp, 

Shiloh tp. 


Sionx 

Cherokee 

Cowlt-y 

Crawford 

Linn 

Ottawa 

Culhouu 

Clai'O- 

Huron 

Mecosta 

Montcalm 

Newaygo 

Redwood 

Daviess.. 

Jasper , 

Madison 

Nemaha 

Chautauqua..,, 

Yam  Hill 

Colleton 

Dunn 

Lebanon 

Fairfield 

Mason 

Sangamon 

Calhoun , 

Hardin 

Jasper 

Monona 

Montgomery  „ 
Pocahontas.... 

Sioux , 

Story 

Clay , 

Crawford 

Dickinson 

Leavenworth. 

Se<lgwick 

Washington... 

Aroostook 

Huron 

Iosco 

Isabella. 

Keweenaw..., 

Mason 

Newaj'go 

Osceola 

St.  Joseph 

Redwood 

Cass 

De  Kalb 

Harrison 

Putnam 

Chautauqua... 
Chautauqua... 

Huron 

Summit 

Wayne 

Grayson 

Clark 

Dunn 

Sheboygan 

Sheboygan  .„. 

Isabella 

Aroostook 

Perry 

Texas 

Dubuque 

Talbot 

Branch 

Branch 

Cayuga 

Defiance 

Clark 

Bradford 

Murray 

Barron 

Shiawassee..., 
Shiawassee.... 

Swift 

Luzerne 

Lake 

Knox 

Dodge 

Marquette 

Rice 

Rice 

Clearfield 

Berks 

Edgar 

St.  Clair 

Jefferson 

Grundy 


SUt«. 


PopQlatlon. 


1870.      1880. 


Iowa.., 

Kan.., 

Kan... 

Kan.., 

Kan..,. 

Kan... 

Mich.. 

Mich.. 

Mich., 

Mich.. 

Mich., 

Mich..,. 

Minn  ,„ 

Mo... 

Bio... 

Mon 

Neb 

N.Y 

Oregon . 

S.G 

Wis 

Pa 

Conn... 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa. ... 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Me 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Blich.... 
Mich,,.. 
Mich.... 
Blich.... 
Bliun... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Tex 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Mich.... 

Me 

Pa 

Mo 

Iowa,... 

Md 

Mlcl 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Wis 

Pa 

Minn ... 

Wis 

Mich.... 
Blich. ... 
Minn ... 

Pa 

Ill 

Tenn ... 

Wis 

Wis 

Blinn  ... 
Minn ... 

Pa 

Pa 

Ill 

Ill 

HI 

Iowa.,,, 


1,149 


1,042 
828 
798 

1,619 
87 
1 
134 


4.^8 
111 
923 


1,686 


1,121 
117 


846 
590 


645 
77 
1,007 
190 
295 


420 

567 
177 
834 


134 

929 

152 

382 

116 

1,160 

67 

1,559 

1,116 


987 
1,470 


1,200 


1,439 


305 
1,664 


1,399 


1,596 


1,422 


1,045 
1,262 


1,119 
666 
658 


745 

298 

1,175 

639 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF   THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   EETURNS  OP   1870  AND   1880   COMPARED, 


Place. 


Sliiloh tp. 

Shiloh P.li 

Shiloh p.v. 

Shiloh tp. 

Shiloh p.li 

Shiloh tp. 

Shiloh p.v. 

Shiloh p.tp. 

Shiloh h. 

Shinglo  Springs p.v. 

Shiniistou p.v. 

Shipman tp. 

Shipman p.v. 

Shippenl tp. 

Shippen tp. 

Shippensbiirg p.b. 

Shippenstiurg tp. 

ShippeiiBville v. 

Shironiatistowu p.b. 

Shirlauil p.tp. 

Shirley p  v. 

Shirley tp. 

Shirley p.tp. 

Shirley tp. 

Shirley p.v. 

Shirley tp. 

Shirleysburg p.b. 

Shirley  Village p.v. 

Shoal tp. 

Shoal  Creel< tp. 

Shoal  Creek tp. 

Shoal  Creek tp. 

Shoals p.v. 

Shocco tp. 

Shoe  Heel tp. 

Shoe  Heel p.v. 

Shoemakers v. 

Shoemakei-sville  ...p.v. 
Shoemakertown....p.v. 

Shohola p.tp. 

Shongo p.h. 

Shooting  Crock p.tp, 

Shopiere p.v. 

Shoreham tp. 

Shoreham p.v. 

Short  Bend tp. 

Short  Creek p.tp, 

Shortsville p.v. 

Shonstown p.b. 

Shoveville v. 

Shreve p.v. 

Shreveport c. 

Shrewsbury tp. 

Shrewsbury p.v. 

Shrewsbury p.tp. 

Shrewsbury tp. 

Shrewsbury tp. 

Shrewsbury tp. 

Shrewsbury. p.b. 

Shrewsbury p.tp 

Shubuta p.v. 

Shueyville p.v. 

ShufHeld tp. 

ShuUsburg tp. 

Shullsburg p.v. 

ShulUown V. 

Shumway p.v. 

Slmnesburg h. 

Shunsvillo h. 

Shuqualak p.v. 

Sbushau p.v. 

Shutesbury p.tp. 

Sia.scuuset v. 

Sibley p.v. 

Sibley tp. 

Sibley p.tp. 

Siddonsburg p.v. 

Sidell tp. 

Sidney tp. 

Sidney p.v. 

Sidney tp. 

Sidney p.v. 

Sidney p.tp. 

Sidney p.tp. 

Sidney p.v 

Sidney p.tp. 

Sidney p.v. 

Sidney  Centre p.v. 

Siep  Springs v. 

Sierra tp. 

Sierra tp. 


County, 


Neosho 

Callaway 

Cumberland... 

Camden 

Cuniden 

Iredell 

Uichlaud 

Sumter 

Tyler 

El  Dorado 

Harrison 

Macoupin 

Macoupin 

Cameron 

Tioga 

Cumberland... 
Cumberland... 

Clarion 

Cumberland... 
Winnebago.... 

McLean 

Cloud 

Piscataquis.... 

Middlesex 

Middlesex 

Huntingdon... 
Huntingdon... 

Middlesex 

Clinton 

Barry 

Newton 

Cherokee 

Martin 

Warren 

Uobeson 

liobesou 

Schuylkill 

Berks 

Montgomery , 

Tike 

Alleghany 

Clay 

Bock 

Addison 

Addison 

Dent 

Harrison 

Ontario 

Alleghany 

Newport 

Wavne 

Caddo 

Worcester 

Worcester 

Monmouth..., 

Lycoming 

Sullivan , 

York 

York 

Butland 

Clarke 

Johnson 

Moore 

Lafayette 

Lafayette 

Herkimer..... 
Effingham.... 

Kane 

Harford 

Noxubee 

AVashington . 

Franklin 

Nantucket.... 

Osceola 

Cloud 

Sibley 

York 

Vermilion.... 
Champaign... 
Champaign... 

Fremont 

Fremont 

Kennebec 

Montcalm.... 

Cheyenne 

Delaware 

Shelby 

Delaware 

Comanche.... 

Sierra 

Tehama 


Kan 

Ky 

N.J 

N.  0 

N.  C 

N.  0 

Ohio 

S.C 

W.  Va. 

Cal 

W.  Va. 

Ill 

Ill 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

HI 

Ill 

Kan ..... 

Mo 

Mass... 
Mass  ... 

Pa- 

Pa 

Mass... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  0 

Ind 

N.  0 

N.  0 

N.  C... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

N.Y„.. 
N.  C... 

Wis 

Vt 

Vt 

Mo 

Ohio ... 
N.Y-.. 

Pa 

R.  I 

Ohio 

La 

Mass.... 
Mass .... 

N.  J 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Vt 

Miss 

Iowa.... 

N.  C 

Wis. 

Wis 

N.  y 

Ill 

Utah.... 

Md 

Miss 

N.  y 

Mass 

Mass 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Minn... 

Pa 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa... 
Iiiwa... 

Me 

Mich.... 

Neb 

NY.... 
Ohio.... 
N.Y.... 

Tex 

Cal 

Cal 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


1,546 


1,541 

297 
1,518 


1,824 
270 

2,0G5 
381 


637 

200 

1,451 


1,633 
329 


2,475 
1,686 

763 
1,332 

513 
1,637 

460 


729 


1,225 


1,799 


479 
4,607 
1,610 


5,440 
442 
209 

3,559 
600 

1,145 


1,270 
2,702 


309 
272 


1,165 
1,560 

480 
2,.V21 

817 
1,471 

Cll 


2,597 
2,1 


988 

33 

265 

1,854 

95 

1,860 

661 

2,405 

94 

126 

289 

1,682 

48G 

1,217 

441 

2,213 

494 

388 

404 

474 

119 

912 

253 

1,365 

104 

l,7aj 

367 

823 

3,:i40 

1,667 

1,383 

1,604 

706 

1,619 

1,661 

214 

128 

429 

135 

715 

62 

636 

201 

1,354 

14G 

1,151 

1,831 

620 

223 

280 

908 

8,009 

1,500 

620 

6,526 

474 

343 

2,087 

565 

1,235 

764 

108 

1,689 

2,245 

1,168 

144 

130 

82 

65 

362 

328 

629 

111 

301 

758 

499 

155 

1,185 

1,003 

468 

2,994 

855 

1,396 

2,224 

1,069 

2,461 

3,823 

141 

172 

930 

475 


Place. 


Sierra  Butte  Mines..v. 

Sierra  City p.v. 

Sierraville v. 

Sierra  Valley p.v, 

Sigel p.v, 

Sigcl tp. 

Sigel tp. 

Sigel p.v, 

Sigel tp, 

Sigel tp. 

Sigourney tp. 

Sigourney p.v, 

Sikeston p.v. 

Sliver tp. 

Silver  Bow h. 

Silver  Brook p.v. 

Silver  City p.v. 

Silver  City p.v. 

Silver  City h. 

Silver  City p.h. 

Silver  City p.v. 

Silver  City p.v. 

Silver  Cliff. p.v. 

Silver  Creek tp. 

Silver  Creek tp. 

Silver  Creek tp. 

Silver  Creek tp. 

Silver  Creek tp. 

Silver  Creek tp. 

Silver  Creek tp. 

Silver  Creek p.v. 

Silver  Creek tp. 

Silver  Creek p.tp, 

Silver  Creek tp. 

Silver  Creek p.v. 

Silver  Creek tp. 

Silver  Creek tp. 

Silver  Creek p.h. 

Silver  Creek p.v. 

Silver  Dale p.tp. 

Silver  Hill tp. 

Silver  Hill p.h. 

Silver  Lake p.v. 

Silver  Lake tp. 

Silver  Lake tp. 

Silver  Lake p.tp. 

Silver  Lake' tp. 

Silver  Lake p.v. 

Silver  Lake tp. 

Silver  Lake p.tp 

Silver  Mountain. ...p.h. 

Silver  Keef. p.v. 

Silver  Ridge pl'n 

Silver  Run p.h. 

Silver  Spring tp. 

Silverton p.v. 

Silverton -.p.v, 

Silverton tp. 

Silverville p.h. 

Silveyville tp. 

Simmonsville p.h. 

Simpson tp. 

Simpson tp. 

Simpson's  Creek.. ..tp. 
Simpson's  Creek. ...p.v. 

Simpsonville p.v. 

Simpson  ville tp. 

Sims -.tp. 

Simsbui-y p.tp. 

Sinclair p.h 

Sinclai  rville p.v, 

Singac p.h 

Sing  Sing p.v. 

Sinking tp. 

Sinking  Spring p.v. 

Sinking  Spring p.v. 

Sioux tp. 

Sioux tp. 

Sioux tp. 

Sioux  Agency tp. 

Sioux  City tp. 

Sioux  City c. 

Sioux  Falls p.v. 

Sioux  Rapids p.v. 

Sioux  Valley p.tp. 

Sipe  Springs p.v. 

Sipesville p.h. 

Sirhuela v. 

Sis p.h. 

Sisson tp. 

Sistersville -.p.v. 


County. 


Sierra. 

Sierra 

Sierra 

Sierra 

Shelby 

Huron 

Brown 

Jefferson 

Chippewa 

Wood 

Keokuk 

Keokuk 

Scott 

Cherokee 

Deer  Lodge.... 

Schuylkill 

Owyhee 

Mills 

Yazoo 

Lewis  and  Clarke 

Lyon 

Grant 

Custer 

Stephenson 

Clarke 

Ida 

Mills 

Pottawattamie 

Cowley 

Harper -... 

Madison 


Wright 

Randolph 

Chautauqua... 

Burke 

Greene 

Hardin 

Schuylkill 

Cowley , 

Davidson 

Davidson 

Kosciusko...-. 

Dickinson 

Palo  Alto 

Worth 

Shawnee 

Shawnee 

Martin 

Susquehanna. 

Alpine 

Washington... 

Aroostook 

Carroll 

Cumberland- 
San  Juan 

Marion 

Aiken 

Lawrence 

Solano 

Craig 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Horry 

Taylor , 

Shelby 

Rockingham.. 

Grant 

Hartford 

Morgan 

Chautauqua-. 

Passaic 

Westchester- 
Dent 

Highland 

Berks 

Lyon 

Monona 

Plymouth 

Yellow  Medicine. 

Woodbury 

Woodbury 

Minnehaha 

Buena  Vista 

Jackson 

Comanche 

Somerset 

Mora 

Fulton 

Howell 

Tyler- 


State. 


Populatiot. 


1870.      1880. 


Cal.. 
Cal. 
Cal. 

Cal 

Ill 

Mich.... 
Minn  ... 

Pa 

Wis 

AVis 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Mo 

Iowa. ... 

Mon 

Pa 

Idaho... 
Iowa.... 

Miss 

Mon 

Nev 

N.Mex. 

Col 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Ky 

Mich.... 
Minn ... 
Mo  ,., 
N.  Y„ 
N.  C- 
Ohio- 
Ohio.. 

Pa 

Kan- 

N.C- 

N,  C- 

Ind... 

Iowa. 

Iowa. 

Iowa.,.. 

Kan 

Kan 

Minn,., 

Pa 

Cal 

Utah.... 

Me 

Md 

Pa 

Col 

Oregon 

S.  C 

Ind 

Cal 

Va 

Ill 

Mo 

8.  C 

W,  Va.. 

Ky 

N.  0-.„ 

Ind 

Conn... 

Ill 

N.  Y-... 
N.  J  „.. 
N.  Y-.. 

Mo 

Ohio-... 

Pa 

Iowa.... 
Ipwa.... 
Iowa.... 
Minn .. 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Dakota. 
Iowa. ... 
Minn .. 

Tex 

Pa. 

N.Mex 

Pa 

Mo 

W.  Va. 


181 
379 

""l23 

219 

1,637 

992 


1,3U9 
1,116 


1,019 
231 


1,152 
285 

1,831 
606 

1,314 

1,701 


364 

1,416 

169 

487 
1,079 


2,269 


1,613 
"1*583 
'  "916 
"'&45 


239 
1,590 

841 
2,061 


4,696 


200 
I 


4,201 
3,401 


430 
3C« 


247 

401 

126 

360 

30^ 

621 

663 

115 

866 

656 

2,207 

1,736 

191 

463 

49 

136 

69.1 

185 

45 

25 

605 

1,800 

6,040 

l,3ia 

1,186 

388 

1,169 

620 

85T 

499 

124 

9^ 

381 

1,391 

1,036 

1,487 

2,165 

33 

185 

711 

968 

U4 

634 

45 

296 

673 

995 

268 

260 

1,105 

26 

1,046 

229 

80 

2,263 

264 

229 

2,036 

66 

1,921 

35 

1,064 

978 

2,426 

143 

253 

1,833 

1,185 

1,830 

12 

640 

77 

6,678 

326 

197 

617 

40 

182 

274 

171 

7,845 

7,366 

2,164 

181 

89 

172 

39 

179 

49 

873 


i  In  1870,  including  Emporium. 


*  Since  1870,  area  mucn  reduced. 


387 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Vlaea. 


fHrarljr > b. 

Sis  Mile tp. 

SIxMileOruTe tp. 

Bis  I'ouud tp. 

BiztecQ  Acre* v. 

Stiton T. 

SkanilU tp. 

SkaueatAlaa. tp. 

SksnoAtelos- p.r. 

Skeltoa tp. 

Sktuuervlllo Ii. 

Skiunervlllo „tp. 

Skippervilla ...p.h. 

Skiptoa ......p.b. 

Skuwliegau. tp. 

SkonliogiiU p.T. 

Skylesrille. p.h. 

Slab p.h. 

SIsbtuwn .M....V. 

Slabvillo h. 

Slack  \?ater p.T. 

Slatedale _v, 

Slatefonl „p.T. 

Slater p.r. 

SIntersTille.. p.r. 

Slatingtun p.b. 

Slauglitorsvillo p.T. 

Sleepy  IIollow tp. 

Sleigh  tsburg v. 

Slick  Rock p.h. 

Bligo „.,h. 

Sligo , p.b. 

Slippery  Itock p.tp. 

Slippery  Bock tp. 

Sloan p.tp. 

Sloansville p.T, 

Slocum p.tp. 

Smal  I  wood tp. 

Smartville p.T. 

SmclHor tp. 

Smcttiport p.b. 

Smlcksburg ......p.b. 

Smith tp. 

Smith tp. 

Smith tp. 

Smith tp. 

Smith „ „..tp. 

Smith tp. 

Smith tp. 

(tmith tp. 

Snlth tp. 

Sir  ithbo  rough p.h. 

SmJthburg p.h. 

Smith  Ceutre_ p.T. 

Smith  Creek ....tp. 

Smith  fluid p.T, 

Smithfiiild tp. 

Smlthfield h. 

Smlthficld..... tp. 

Smithlield .......p.T. 

Smlthfield tp. 

Smlthfield p.h. 

Smlthfield tp. 

Smithfield tp. 

Smith  field p.T. 

Smlthfield tp. 

Smlthfiold p.T. 

Sraithfield tp. 

Smlthfield t. 

Smlthfield t. 

Smlthfield tp. 

Smlthfield tp. 

Smltlifiold p.T. 

Smlthfield p.T. 

Smith  Grove p.T. 

Smith  land A p.T. 

SniithiKjrt h. 

Smith  Birer p.tp. 

Smith's tp. 

Smith's „.„ tp. 

Smithsbo  rough p.  v. 

Smith's  Bridge tp. 

Smithgburg p.  v. 

Smith's  Creek p.T. 

Smith's  Flat p.T. 

Smith's  Grove. p.T. 

Smith's  Mills p.h. 

Smith's  Mills p. v. 

Smitii's  Valley p.h. 

SmlthtoD p.T. 

Bmithton tp. 


County. 


Venango 

Franklin 

Swift 

Warren.. 

Uampden.. 

Hendricka 

Murray 

Onondaga. 

Onondaga. 

Warrick 

St.  Lnwreace.« 
NVashlugton,... 

Dale 

Talbot 

Someraet 

Somerset 

Muiilcnburg... 

York 

Columbia 

New  London... 

Lancaster 

Lehigh 

Northampton.. 

Saline 

Providence 

Lehigh 

Webator 

Alkon 

Ulster ~.... 

Barren 

Clinton 

Clarion 

Butler 

Lawrence „ 

Woodbury 

Schoharie 

Luzerne 

Jasper 

Yuba. 

Grant 

McKean 

Indiana. 

Greene «.. 

Posey 

Whitley 

Dade 

Laclede 

Worth 

Belmont 

Mahoning. 

Washington.... 

Bond 

Monmouth 

Smith 

Warren 

Fulton 

De  Kalb 

Delaware 

Fayette 

Henry 

Somerset 

Somerset 

Madison 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Bradford 

Bradford 

Huntingdon.... 

Monroe 

Providence 

Cache 

Isle  of  Wight.. 

Davie 

Livingston 

Indiana 

Del  Norte 

Duplin 

Itobeaon 

Tioga 

Macon 

Washington...., 

St  Clair 

Ei  Dcrado„ 

Warrtn 

Henderson 

Chautaiqua.... 

Johnson 

St.  Clair 

Pettis. 


Bute. 


Pa 

HI 

Minn.. 
N.  0.-. 
Mau.. 
Ind.... 
Minn. 
N.  Y... 
N.  Y... 
Ind... 
N.  Y... 
N.C.... 
Ala.... 
Md .... 

Me 

Me. ... 
Ky 


Pa 

Conn 
Pa..., 

Pa 

Pa..„, 
Mo.... 
K.  L. 

Pa 

Ky..., 
S.C, 
N.  Y. 
Ky..., 
Ohio., 

Pa 

Pa„.., 

Pa 

Iowa, 
N.  Y. 
Pa...., 

HI 

Cal.., 
Wis.., 

Pa 

Pa.... 
Ind,., 
Ind... 
Ind... 
Mo.... 
Mo..., 
Mo..., 
Ohio., 
Ohio., 

Pa 

Ill 

N.  J.. 
Kan. 
N.  C. 

HI 

Ind... 

Ind... 

Iowa.,,. 

Ky.. 

Me... 

Me... 

N.  Y. 

N.C.. 

N.  0. 

Ohio. 

Ohio. 

Pa,., 

Pa.,.. 

Pa..„ 

Pa..„ 

B.I,. 

Utah 

Va... 

N.C. 

Ky... 

Pa.... 

Cal... 

N.C. 

N.C. 

N.  Y. 

N.C. 

Md.„ 

Mich 

Cal„, 

Ky,.„ 

Ky,,., 

N.  Y. 

Ind.., 

HI 

Mo,... 


Population, 


1870.     1880, 


788 
"93b 


4,624 
1,409 
1,330 


8,893 


1,608 
130 

1,219 
203 


879 
1,778 


317 
993 


1,291 

zn 

143 
670 
988 

1,232 
504 

1,146 
889 

1,777 

1 

2,067 


1,002 
'i',342 
"(38 

'"764 


1,227 
2,864 

416 
1,701 

616 
1.790 


1,443 

2,605 
744 
652 

""690 


664 
662 
1,684 
304 
708 
469 


687 

883 

269 

2,127 

150 

299 

197 

4,866 

1,669 

1,644 

78 

1,058 

85 

17 

8,860 

2,609 

85 

69 

148 

97 

122 

8:i5 

143 

771 

1,147 

1,634 

269 

1,931 

282 

71 

87 

643 

1,007 

1,741 

310 

200 

377 

1,106 

372 

1,283 

872 

221 

861 

1,105 

1,892 

741 

621 

1,609 

1,977 

1,941 

2,449 

40 

31 

254 

1,303 

118 

1,423 

97 

764 

183 

664 

96 

1,226 

3,522 

485 

1,887 

559 

1,826 

263 

151 

1,667 

3,085 

1,177 

814 

198 

670 

48 

616 

852 

2,244 

294 

890 

433 

144 

162 

388 

92 

148 

68 

400 

1,237 


Place. 


Smithton p.v. 

Smith  town p.tp. 

SmlthvillB T. 

Smlthvlile p.T, 

Stnithvillo p.h, 

Smlthvlile p.T. 

Smitliviile t. 

Smlthvlile p.T. 

Smitiivllle. h. 

Smithville p.T. 

Smitliviile p.T. 

Smithville tp, 

Smithville p.T. 

Smitliviile h. 

Smithville tp. 

Smitliviile p.T. 

Smithville p.T, 

Smitliviile h, 

Smitliviile tp, 

Smitiivllle tp. 

Smoketown t. 

Smoky  Hill tp. 

Smoky  Hill tp. 

Smoky  Hill tp. 

Smoky  Hill tp. 

Smoky  View tp. 

Smolau tp, 

Smyrna p.T. 

Smyrna p.T, 

Smyrna. tp. 

Smyrna p.h. 

Smyrna p.tp, 

Smyrna p.  v. 

Smyrna tp. 

Smyrna. p.v. 

Smyrna p.tp. 

Smyrna p.v, 

Smyrna p.v. 

Smysertown T. 

Snachwino tp. 

Snake  Bite tp. 

Snake  Hollow v. 

Snake  River t. 

Snake  Spring tp, 

Sneedsvllie p.T. 

Siielling p.v. 

Sniabar tp. 

Sniabar tp. 

Snicarte p.h. 

Snickersville p.v. 

Snl  Mills p.h. 

Snipesville h. 

Snohomish ».p.T. 

Snow  Creek tp. 

Snow  Creek tp, 

Snowden tp. 

Snow  Flake p.v. 

Snow  Hill p.T. 

Snow  Hill tp. 

Snow  Hill T. 

Snow  Hilli tp. 

Snow  Hill p.T. 

Snow  Siioe tp. 

Snow  Shoe p.v. 

Snyder tp. 

Snyder tp. 

Snydertown h. 

Snydertown p.b, 

Snyderrille h. 

Soap  Creek tp, 

SocBstee P-tp. 

Social  Circle p.T. 

Socialville p.h. 

Society  Hill p.v. 

Society  Hill tp. 

Society  Hill p.T. 

Socorro _ p.T. 

Sodaville _ p.h, 

Soddy p.T, 

Sodom h. 

Sodus p.tp. 

Sodus tp. 

Sodus tp. 

Sodus p.T, 

Soldier tp. 

Soldier p.tp. 

Soldier tp. 

Soldier tp. 

Soldier  City h. 

Soldiers'  Nat.  Home.T. 
Soldier's  Grove p.T. 


County. 


Pettis ....> 

Suffolk , 

Pima... 

Lee , 

Peoria , 

Monroe 

Montgomery 

Worcester , 

Bollinger 

Clay 

Burlington 

Chenango 

Chenango 

Jefferson 

Brunswick 

Brunswick 

Wayne 

Berks 

Abbeville 

Marlborough 

Queens 

Davis 

Ellis 

McPhorson,. 

Saline 

Saline 

Saline 

Kent 

Cobb 

Jefferson 

Clarke 

Aroostook 

Ionia 

Chenango- 

Chenango^ 

Carteret 

Harrison 

Rutherford 

York 

Putnam 

Bertie ,. 

Baltimore 

Carbon.- 

Bedford 

Hancock 

Merced 

.Tackson _ 

Lafayette 

Mason 

Loudoun 

Jackson 

Washington 

Snohomish 

Mitchell 

Stokes 

Alleghany 

Apache 

Worcester., 

Lincoln 

Camden , 

Greene , 

Greene 

Centre 

Centre 

Blair. , 

Jefferson 

Centre , 

Northumberland 

Summit 

Davis , 

Horry 

Walton 

Warren 

Macon 

Darlington 

Darlington 

Socorro 

Linn 

Hamilton 

Alleghany 

Berrien 

Lyon 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Crawford 

Monona. 

Jackson 

Shawnee 

Jackson 

Milwaukee 

Crawford 


State. 


Mo... 
N.Y 

Ariiona 

Ga. 

Ill 

Ind 

Ky 

Mass... 

Mo , 

Mo , 

N.  J.... 
N.  Y,., 
N.  Y..., 
N.  Y.., 
N.  C. 
N.C. 
Ohio..., 

Pa 

8.  C.„, 
S.C..,. 
N.  Y,.. 
Kan... 
Kan  -, 
Kan ..., 
Kan  _. 
Kan... 
Kan ... 

Del 

Go. 

Ind 

Iowa.  .. 

Me , 

Mich.., 
N.  Y,.. 
N.  Y..., 
N.  C, 
Ohio,,. 
Tenn,. 

Pa 

Ill 

N.C.,. 
Md...., 
Wyom 

Pa 

Tenn,,.. 
Cal,.,, 
Mo.„. 
Mo.... 

Ill 

Va.„, 
Mo.„, 

Pa 

Wash 
N.  C, 
N.C, 

Pa 

Arizona 

Md 

Mo 

N.J 

N.C 

N.C 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

UUh ,.., 
Iowa.  .„ 

S.C 

Ga 

Ohio 

Ala 

S.C 

S.C 

N.  Me.K. 
Oregon. 
Tenn.,,, 
Pa........ 

Mich.... 

Minn  ... 

N.  y 

N.  Y 

Iowa..,, 
Iowa,,,, 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan-.,. 

Wis 

Wis 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


2,13U 


1,405 


1,683 
810 


1,519 
1,82:J 


2,110 
*i',48(j 
'"*159 

i,C68 
"'i>05 


801 
1,330 


2,707 
1,550 


385 
1,781 
1,268 


2,650 

320 

1,1G2 


1,412 
792 


817 
726 
405 


1,814 


90G 
'4,031 


193 
1,430 


388 


t  Snee  1870,  port  to  BnlPi  HeiUL 


POPULATION  OF   THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  KETUENS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPAKED. 


Solebury ».p.tp. 

Solodad tp, 

Soloilad P-V- 

golem tp. 

Solomon-. tp. 

Solomon tp. 

Solomon tp. 

Solomon tp. 

Solomon  City p.v. 

Solomon  Rapids. ...p.tp, 

Solomon's  Gap v. 

Solomon's  Island. ..p.v. 

Solomonsvillo p.v. 

Solon p.v. 

Solon tp. 

Solon p.v. 

Solon tp. 

Solon p.tp. 

Solon tp. 

Solon p.h. 

Solon p.tp. 

Somer tp. 

Somerflold p.v. 

Somers ....tp. 

Somcrs p.v. 

Somers p.tp. 

Somers tp. 

Somers tp. 

Somcrs p.tp, 

Somerset tp. 

Somerset p.v. 

Somerset p.h. 

Somerset p.v. 

Somerset p.tp. 

Somerset tp. 

Somerset p.Ii. 

Somerset > tp. 

Somerset tp. 

Somerset h. 

Somerset p.tp. 

Somerset tp. 

Somerset p.v, 

Somerset tp, 

Somerset p.b, 

Somerset tp. 

Somerset p.tp. 

Somerset tp. 

Somerset p.h. 

Somerset  Centre. ...p.v. 

Somersworth tp. 

Somerton p.v. 

Somerville p.v. 

Somerville p.tp, 

Somerville c. 

Somerville p.v, 

Somerville p.v. 

Somerville p.v. 

Somonauk tp. 

Somonank p.v, 

Songer tp. 

Sonoma p.tp. 

Sonora p.v. 

Sonera ...tp. 

Sonora p.h. 

Sonora p.v. 

Sonora p.v. 

Boquel p.v. 

Soscol p.v. 

South tp. 

South tp. 

South tp. 

South  Abington p.tp. 

South  Abington tp. 

South  Acton p.v. 

South  Acworth p.v. 

South  Alabama p.v. 

South  Albany p.v. 

South  Amboy p.tp. 

South  Amenia p.h, 

Southampton p.tp. 

Southampton tp. 

Southampton tp. 

Southampton p.v, 

Southampton  t tp, 

Southampton tp, 

Southampton tp. 

Southampton  * tp. 

Southampton tp. 

Southampton  ville..p.v. 

South  Annville tp. 

South  Argyle p.h. 


County. 


Bucks 

Los  Angeles.. 

Monterey 

Douglas 

Cloud 

Norton 

Phillips 

Saline 

Dickinson.... 

Mitchell 

Luzerne 

Calvert 

Graham 

Johnson 

Somerset 

Somerset 

Kent 

Leelenaw„„,, 

Cortland 

Cortland 

Cuyahoga 

Champaign... 

Somerset 

Tolland 

Tolland 

Westchester., 

Wilkes 

Preblo 

Kenosha 

Jackson 

Wabash , 

Miami 

Pulaski 

Bristol , 

Hillsdale 

Hillsdale 

Steele , 

Mercer 

Mercer 

Niagara........ 

Belmont 

Perry 

Somerset 

Somerset 

Washington.. 

Windham 

St.  Croix 

St.  Croix 

Hillsdale 

Strafford 

Bolmont 

Morgan 

Lincoln  

Middlesex..... 

Somerset 

Butler 

Fayette 

Do  Knlb 

De  Kalb 

Clay 

Sonoma 

Tuolumne .... 

Hancock 

Hancock 

Hardin 

Muskingum., 
Santa  Cruz,,, 

Napa 

Siskiyou 

Madison 

Dade 

Plymouth 

Lackawanna. 
Middlesex ,.,. 

Sullivan 

Genesee 

Orleans 

Middlesex.... 

Dutchess 

Hampshire... 
Burlington.,, 

Suffolk 

Suffolk 

Bedford 

Bucks 

Cumberland , 

Franklin 

Somerset 

Bucks 

Lebanon 

Washington.. 


Pa„ 

Cal 

Cal 

Minn ... 

Kan 

Khd«... 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Pa 

Md 

Arizona 
Iowa.... 

Me 

Me 

Mich..,, 
Mich..,. 

N.  Y 

N.Y 

Ohio 

Ill 

Pa 

Conn.... 
Conn.... 

N.  Y 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Wis 

Ill 

Ind 

Kan 

Ky 

Mass.... 
Mich..,, 
Mich  „. 
Minn,,, 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Vt 

Wis 

Wis 

Mich,,,. 

N.  H 

Ohio 

Ala 

Me 

Mass.... 

N.  J 

Ohio 

Tenn..,. 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Cal 

Cal 

Ill 

Ill 

Ky 

Ohio 

Cal 

Cal 

Cal 

Iowa,.., 

Mo 

Mass,.,, 

Pa 

Mass.,., 
N.  II..,. 

N.  Y 

Vt 

N,  J 

N.  Y 

Mass..,, 

N.  J 

N.Y 

N,Y 

Pa, 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

N.  Y 


Population. 


2,791 
265 


208 
613 


681 
"65 


1,176 

"i'li 
"m 


899 
1,120 


1,247 


1,721 

760 

1,862 

1,359 


371 


587 
1,776 
1,297 


666 
1,114 


1,862 
2,042 
1,153 
2,836 

945 

1,325 

80 

491 


4,504 
197 


605 

14,685 

2,236 

389 

954 

3,369 


1,513 
1,322 
1,485 


266 
97 


939 
1,040 
1,029 


4,525 


1,159 
2,374 
6,136 

943 
1,647 
1,393 
2,050 
1,963 

673 


1,856 


2,648 

412 

136 

•353 

1,073 

604 

626 

609 

618 

637 

142 

252 

175 

383 

1,013 

261 

1,693 

303 

842 

87 

867 

1,159 

100 

1,242 

313 

1,630 

883 

2,233 

1,458 

1,473 

366 

80 

805 

2,006 

1,356 

64 

811 

1,123 

38 

2,015 

2,241 

1,207 

3,276 

1,197 

983 

67 

968 

77 

130 

6,586 

159 

209 

639 

24,933 

3,105 

370 

834 

3,865 

587 

1,000 

2,153 

1,492 

1,401 

41 

289 

183 

S28 

332 

1,374 

l,0l6 

1,143 

3,024 

923 

447 

119 

113 

107 

3,648 

82 

1,046 

2,269 

6,352 

949 

1,206 

1,435 

1,992 

1,738 

629 

147 

1,809 

60 


Place. 


South  Arkansas...  ,T. 
South  Arlington  ...v. 

South  Arm p.tp. 

South  Ballston p.h. 

South  Barre p.v. 

South  Bay v. 

South  Beaver tp. 

South  Bend v. 

South  Bend c. 

South  Bend tp. 

South  Bend p.tp. 

South  Bend p.v. 

South  Bend ..tp. 

South  Bend p.h. 

South  Berwick tp. 

South  Berwick p.v. 

South  Bethlehem...p.h. 
South  Bethlehem...p.b. 
South  Bloomfleld...tp. 
South  Bloomflold...p.v. 

Southborough tp. 

Southbo  rough p.v. 

South  Boston  Depot.p.v. 

South  Bradford, p.h. 

South  Branch tp. 

South  Branch p.tp. 

South  Branch p.v, 

Southbridge p.tp. 

South  Bridgeport... V, 
South  Bridgeton  .„p.v. 

South  Bristol p,tp. 

South  Britain v. 

South  Brook tp. 

South  Brookfleld..,p.h. 
South  Brunswick s.tp. 

South  Buffalo tp. 

South  Burlington,. tp. 

South  bury .tp, 

Southbury p.v. 

South  Butler p.v. 

South  Byfleld p.v. 

South  Byron p.v. 

South  Canaan p.h. 

South  Canaan p.tp. 

South  Carroll  ton. ..p,v. 
South  Carrollton.„v. 

South  Casey v. 

South  Charle8ton...p.v, 
South  Charlestown.p.h. 

South  Chatham p.v. 

South  Chester b. 

South  Chicago p.v. 

South  Colton p.v. 

South  Columbia p.v. 

South  Coventry tp. 

South  Covington„,v, 

South  Greek tp. 

South  Danville v. 

South  Danville p.v. 

South  Darkesville..v, 

South  Dayton p.v. 

South  Deer  Isle p.v. 

South  Delaware h. 

South  Dennis p.v. 

South  Dixon tp. 

South  East tp. 

Southeast tp. 

South  Easton p.v. 

South  Easton b. 

South  Edmoston....p.v, 
South  Egremont..,.p.v, 

Soutli  English p.v. 

South  Evanston p.v. 

South  Evansville.,.p.h. 

South  Exeter p.h. 

South  Fayette tp, 

Southfield p.tp. 

Southtieid tp, 

Soutliford p.h. 

South  Fork tp. 

South  Fork p.tp. 

South  Fork tp. 

South  Fork tp. 

South  Fork ...tp. 

South  Fork tp. 

South  Fork p.tp. 

South  Fork tp. 

South  Fork p.v. 

South  Fork tp. 

South  Fork tp. 

South  Fox isL 


County. 


Chaffee 

Montgomery  . 
Charlevoix ..,. 

Saratoga 

Washington.., 
Washington,,. 

Beaver 

Lawi'euce 

St.  Joseph 

Barton 

Blue  Earth,,,. 

Cass 

Armstrong ,.,. 
Armstrong... 

York 

York 

Albany 

Northampton 

Morrow 

Pickaway 

Worcester 

Worcester 

Halifax 

Steuben 

Crawford 

Watonwan  „, 

Somerset 

Worcester 

Fayette 

Cumberland,,. 

Ontario 

New  Haven... 
Cottonwood ... 

Madison 

Middlesex,,,. 
Armstrong ... 
Chittenden.... 
New  Haven ... 
New  Haven.. 

Wayne 

Essex 

Genesee 

Litchfield 

Wayne 

Muhlenburg. . 

Carroll 

Adair 

Clark 

Sullivan 

Barnstable..,, 

Delaware 

Cook 

St.  Lawrence. 
Herkimer-.... 

Chester 

Kenton 

Bradford 

Vermilion 

Caledonia. 

Berkeley 

Cattaraugus.., 

Hancock 

Schuylkill,,,.. 
Barnstable ,.,. 

Lee 

Orange 

Putnam 

Bristol 

Northampton. 

Otsego 

Berkshire 

Keokuk 

Cook 

Berks 

Penobscot 

Alleghany 

Oakland 

Bichmond 

New  Haven  », 

Humboldt 

Modoc 

Christian 

Delaware 

Jackson 

Wayne 

Howell 

Monroe 

Lincoln 

Forsyth 

Tyrrel 

Man!  too... 


State. 


Col 

Ohio 

Mich,,.. 
N,Y„„. 

Vt 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Dakota. 

Ind 

Kan 

Minn.,, 

Neb 

Pa 

Pa 

Me 

Me 

N,  Y 

Pa 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Mass,.,. 

Mass. 

Va..., 

N.Y., 

Mich. 

Minn 

N.  J.. 

Mass. 

Pa...,. 

Me.,,, 

N.Y., 

Conn. 

Minn 

N,  Y.. 

N.  J.. 

Pa 

Vt 

Conn  ,„ 
Conn  .„ 

N.  Y 

Mass 

N,  Y 

Conn..,, 

Pa 

Ky 

Mo 

Iowa,,.. 

Ohio 

N.  II.... 
Mass.... 

Pa 

Ill 

N.  Y 

N,  Y 

Pa 

Ky 

Pa 

Ill 

Vt 

W,  Va., 
N.  Y_.„ 

Me 

Pa 

Mass..,. 

Ill 

Ind 

N,  Y 

Mass.,,, 

Pa 

N,  Y 

Mass,,,,. 
Iowa,,,, 

111 

Pa 

Me 

Pa 

Mich,.,. 

N.  Y 

Conn.... 

Cal 

Cal 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa..., 
Iowa..,, 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Mex, 

N,  0 

N,C. 

Mich.,,, 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


124 
400 


1,206 
"7,206 
""696 

'1,127 

"Hmo 


3,556 

1,115 

283 

2,133 


146 

'5,208 


3,779 

1,633 

791 

1,318 


1,308 
240 


818 
'i*'24'2 


649 

"i',07'6 


905 
1,566 
2,975 


3,167 


1,927 
1,547 
6,082 


273 


1,279 
1,610 
1,014 

774 


1,463 
'i',398 


aoo 

140 
737 
80 
121 
483 

1,026 
209 
13,280 
290 
614 
232 

1,151 
64 

2,677 

1,092 
89 

4,925 

1,067 
303 

2,142 
303 
328 
70 
192 
189 
117 

6,464 
111 
258 

1,327 
143 
211 
76 

2,803 

1,716 
664 

1,740 
243 
343 
203 
251 
49 

1,176 
403 
351 
139 
932 
60 
383 

8,664 

1,961 
132 
126 
669 
527 

1,113 
718 
100 
100 
318 
167 
47 
642 
973 

1,044 

3,500 
201 

4,534 
163 
334 
360 

1,517 
18 
32 

1,765 

1,034 

4,980 
76 
809 
453 

1,600 

1,758 

2,326 
917 
857 

1,514 
196 

1,459 
180 
24 


t  In  1876,  part  to  Mann. 


*  In  1870,  liicluding  Omtown. 


*  In  1872,  part  to  Cranbarjr 


889 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED 


PIm*. 


Ooanty. 


Bonth  Frankfurt....p.r. 

Buiitli  flnbriel p.h. 

BiMith  ail«(>n p.T. 

Buiitli  GilUia. _p.h. 

South  Gluu  Cove...v. 
Bouth  Glen  KHlU...p.r. 
South  G<ildal>oro'...p.T. 

Bouth  Glove p.tp. 

South  Iluiiley p.tp. 

South  Iluaivy  Kull8.p.v. 

South  Ilampton tp. 

South  Ilunipton ph. 

South  IlHinpton  Mil  U..h. 

South  HituMihal p.h. 

South  Hauover...„.tp. 

South  Hnven tp. 

Soutli  Iliivou p.T. 

South  Ilnvon tp. 

Soutli  Hnvnn p.T. 

South  Hnven p.h. 

South  Horo p.tp. 

South  IIon)er.„ tp. 

South  Huntiugdon.tp. 

South  Ilion V. 

South!  ngton p.tp 

Southlngton p.tp. 

South  Keo8auqua..h. 

South  Kidder tp. 

Bouth  King8towii...tp. 

South  Lake h. 

South  Lel>anon p.h. 

South  Lfihanon tp. 

South  Liberty h. 

South  Lima p.h. 

South  Lincoln h. 

South  Lincoln t. 

South  L!tchfleld....tp. 

South  Livonia p.T. 

South  Londondorry.p.T. 

South  Lowell »p.h. 

South  Lynnfleld....T. 

South  Lyon. p.T. 

South  Macon -tp. 

South  Macon _v. 

South  Mahoning... tp. 
South  Maiiheim_...tp. 

South  Maiiitou inL 

South  Mernmac....p.h. 
South  Middleton...tp. 

South  Milan T. 

South  Milford T. 

South  Milford p.T. 

South  Mills p.tp. 

South  Moline tp. 

South  Muddy tp. 

South  MurderkilL.iind. 
South  New  Berlin. p.T. 
South  Newmarkct.p.tp. 
South  Northfield...p.h. 

South  Norwalk c 

South  Oak  UI1I.-...V. 

Southold tp. 

Southold _.p.T. 

Bouth  Olive p.T. 

South  Orange tp. 

South  Orange p.T. 

South  Orrington....p.T. 

South  Otselic p.T. 

South  Ottawa tp. 

South  Otter tp. 

Sonth  Palmyra tp. 

South  I'aris. p.T. 

South  Pass p.v. 

South  Pagg  City p.h. 

South  Poabody p.T. 

South  Pcacham p.h. 

South  Pembina h. 

South  Perry p.T. 

Bouth  Peru T. 

South  Pittsburg  ....p.T. 

South  Point «.p.T. 

South  Point p.tp, 

Southport p.T. 

8outli|)ort. «.p.T. 

Southport. p.tp. 

Soutiiport p.tp, 

South  Pueblo -p.T. 

South  Kidge t. 

South  Uiver tp. 

South  Uock  IslaDd.tp. 
Bouth  Bockwood...p.T. 


Bensle 

lUiruet 

SunquchRnua 

Schoharie — 

Queena- 

8a(«to|cm. 

Hancock 

De  Kalb 

Ilumiwhiro 

Ilanipsliire 

Kockinghnin 

Rockingham 

Somerset 

Oswego.- 

Dauphin 

Sumner 

Sumner 

Van  Uuren 

Van  Huron 

Suffolk , 

Grand  Isle 

Champaign 

Westmoreland-... 

Herkimer 

Hartford 

Trumbull.- 

Van  Buren 

Carbon 

Washington 

Charlevoix 

Warron 

Lebanon 

Johnson 

Liviug«ton 

Penobscot- 

Addison :. 

Montgomery 

Livingston 

Wiudhani 

Walker 

Kssox 

Oakland 

Macon 

Macon 

Indiana 

Schuylkill 

Manitou 

HilUborough 

Cumberland 

Eipley 

Sussex 

La  Grange 

Camden 

Rock  Island- 

Jasper 

Kent 

Chenango 

Ruckingham 

Washington 

Fairfield 

Schuylkill 

Suffolk 

Suffolk 

Noble 

Essex- 

Essex- 

Penobscot- 

Chenango 

La  Salle 

Macoupin. 

Macoupin 

Oxford 

Union 

Sweetwater.- 

Kssox 

Caledouio.- 

Pembina 

Hocking 

Miami » 

Marion 

Franklin 

Gaston 

Fairfield 

Marion 

Lincoln 

Chemung.-.. , 

Pueblo 

Mahoning , 

Marion 

Rock  Island , 

Monroe , 


State. 


Population. 


1870.       1880, 


Mich... 

T»x 

Pa. 

N.  Y-.. 
N.T— 
N.  Y-.. 

Me 

Ill 

Mass.. 
Mass... 
N.  H„. 
N.  H... 

Pa. 

N.  Y„. 

Pa 

Kan  -. 
Kan  -. 
Mich.. 
Mich.. 
N.  Y-. 

Vt 

Ill 

Pa. 

N.  Y„. 
Conn.... 
Ohio.. 
Iowa. 

Pa 

R.I... 
Mich. 
Ohio.. 

Pa 

lowu. 
N.  Y.. 
Me.... 
Vt.... 

Ill 

N.  Y- 

Vt 

Ala... 
Mass, 
Mich. 

Ill 

Ill 

Pa 

Pa 

Mich. 
N.U. 

Pa 

Irid... 
Del ... 
Ind... 
N.  C. 

Ill 

Ill 

Del... 
N.Y.. 
N.U. 

Vt 

Conn 
Pa...., 
N.  Y-... 
N.  Y_., 
Ohio..., 
N.  J.-. 
N.  J.-. 

Me , 

N.  Y-., 

Ill , 

111 

Ill 

Me 

Ill 

Wyom, 
Mass.. 

Vt 

Dak- 
Ohio-. 
Ind.... 
Tenn.. 

Mo 

N.  C... 
Conn.. 
Ind.... 

Me 

N.  Y-. 

Col 

Ohio... 

Mo 

HI 

Mich.. 


1,047 


795 
2,840 


1,196 


2,203 
1,676 


686 
2,161 
2,210 


4,314 
799 


4,493 


1,783 


1,131 
929 


3,226 


800 


2,056 


584 
4,382 


6,715 


2,963 


697 


2,414 


684 
2,186 


S85 

39 

152 

60 

2,244 

1,083 

160 

779 

3,638 

2,760 

383 

64 

69 

60 

1,205 

1,214 

124 

2,246 

1,442 

61 

620 

2,200 

3,005 

104 

6,411 

916 

71 

646 

6,114 

84 

42 

2,117 

48 

62 

92 

689 

955 

130 

262 

85 

287 

418 

1,611 

793 

1,309 

906 

98 

65 

2,864 

191 

l,o;i4 

167 

2,43:J 

2,084 

1,003 

4,504 

217 

829 

80 

3,726 

104 

7,267 

1,221 

105 

3,911 

2,178 

282 

230 

1,289 

1,110 

1,473 

815 

800 

37 

895 

71 

91 

182 

254 

1,045 

142 

3,638 

958 

388 

679 

3,619 

1,443 

397 

726 

886 

251 


Place. 


County. 


Sonth  Rome t. 

South  Rondoiit t. 

South  Royalton p.T. 

South  Salem p.T. 

South  Salisbury ....T. 
South  Sandwich.. ..p.h. 
South  Schodack...  p.h. 

South  Scituate p.tp. 

South  Shaft«l>ury...p.v. 
Soutli  Sharp's  Creek.tp. 
South  Shenango. ...tp. 

South  Side tp. 

South  Side t. 

South  Solon p.T. 

South  Stlllwater....p.T. 

South  Strabane p.tp 

South  Sudbury p.T. 

South  Sutton -p.h. 

South  Tar  River  ...tp. 
South  Thonmston  ..p.tp 

South  Towanda v. 

South  Trenton p.T. 

South  Troy t. 

South  Tunbridge...p.h. 

South  Union tp. 

South  Valley tp. 

South  Valley p.T. 

South  Versailles i..tp. 

Southville p.h. 

South  ville p.h. 

Southville p.T. 

South  Wttbash T. 

South  Waterford...p.T. 

South  Waverly b. 

South  Wellfieet p.T. 

South  West tp. 

South  West ph. 

Southwest tp. 

South  West tp. 

South  West  City. ...p.T. 
South  Weslmoreland.h. 
South  Wheat!and...tp. 
South  Whltehall....p.tp 

South  Whitley p.v. 

South  wick p.tp, 

South  Willington..v. 
South  Windham. ...p.T. 
South  Windham. ...p.h. 

South  Windsor p.tp 

South  Windsor v. 

South  Woodbury...tp. 
South  Woodstock.. p.T. 
South  Woodstock,  .p.v. 
South  Worcester.. ..p.v. 
South  Yarmouth. ..p.v. 

Spade's  Depot p.h. 

Si^afford p.tp, 

Spalding v. 

Spalding p.tp. 

Spangle p.h. 

Spanglers  ville h. 

Spanish  Bar p.T. 

Spanish  Fork p.v. 

Spani.ihtown v. 

Sparksville ph. 

Sparland p.v. 

Sparta p.T. 

Sparta tp. 

S|)arta p.T. 

Sparta p.tp. 

Sparta tp. 

Sparta p.T. 

Sparta tp. 

Sparta tp. 

Sparta p.h. 

StHirtn tp. 

Sparta p.T. 

Sparta tp. 

Sparta tp. 

Sparta t. 

Sparta p.T. 

Sparta p.v. 

Sparta tp. 

Sparta tp. 

Sparta p.T. 

Sparta  Centre p.v. 

Spartanburg p.v. 

Spartanburg tp. 

Spartanburg  C.  U..p.v. 

Spartansburg p.b. 

Sjiarta  Station p.h. 


Floyd , 

Ulster. 

Windsor 

Boss 

Menitnnc 

Barnstable 

Rensselaer 

Plymouth 

Bennington 

McPherson 

Crawford 

Wright 

Westmoreland ... 

Madison 

Washington 

Washington 

Middlesex 

Meriimac 

Yancey 

Knox 

Bradford 

Oneida 

Orleans 

Orange 

Fayette 

Cattoraugns 

Otsogo 

AUegliany 

Litchfield 

Shelby 

Worcester 

Wabash 

Oxford 

Bradford 

Barnstable 

Crawford 

Elkhart 

Barton 

Warron 

McDonald 

Cheshire 

Macon 

Lehigh 

Whitley 

Hampden 

Tolland 

Windham 

Windham 

Hartford 

Hillsborough.... 

Bedford 

Windham 

Windsor 

Otsego 

Barnstable 

Ripley 

Onondaga. 

Macon 

Menominee 

Spokane 

York 

Clear  Creek...... 

Utah 

San  Mateo 

Jackson 

Marshall 

Hancock 

Knox 

Randolph 

Dearborn 

Noble 

Bienville 

Kent 

Chippewa 

Christian 

Sussex 

Sussex 

Livingston 

Edgecombe 

Edgecombe , 

Morrow 

Union 

Crawford 

Monroe 

Monroe 

Kent , 

Randolph 

Spartanburg 

Spartanburg 

Crawford , 

Gallatin 


Gta...... 

N.  T„. 

Vt 

Ohio... 
N.  II. , 
Mass., 
N.  Y„ 
Mass., 

Vt 

Kan- 


Population. 


1870.     188a 


1,6G1 


Minn. 

Pa 

Ohio... 
Minn  . 

Pa 

Mans.. 
N.  H... 
N.  C.~. 
Me..... 

Pa 

N.  Y... 

Vt 

Vt 

Pa 

N.  Y... 
N.Y... 

Pa 

Conn.. 
Ky .... 
Mass.. 
Ind.... 

Me 

Pa 

Mass.. 

Ill 

Ind.... 

Mo 

Pa 

Mo 

N.II., 

HI 

Piu 

Ind..., 
Mass.. 
Conn., 
Conn., 

Vt 

Conn., 
N.  U., 

Pa 

Conn., 

Vt 

N.Y... 
Mass. 
Ind..., 
N.  Y„. 

Ga 

Mich- 
Wash 

Pa 

Col.... 
Utah. 
Cal.... 
Ind.... 
III..... 

Ga 

HI 

Ill 

Ind... 
Ind... 
Ltt.... 
Mich. 
Itlinn 
Mo.... 
N.  J.„ 
N.  J.- 
N.  Y„ 
N.  C. 

N.C 

Ohio 

Oregon. 

Pa 

Wis 

Wis  

Mich.... 

Ind 

S.C 

8.  C 

Pa. 

Ky 


1,042 
143 


1,169 


844 
1,693 


860 
743 


2,194 


1,336 
2,748 


1,100 


1,688 
'i",*439 


1,460 


1,9,50 


1,9.S9 
1,381 


1,606 
275 


1,182 
1,522 


1,131 
3,461 
2,314 


390 


1  Since  1870,  part  to  Versailles. 


.  i  J.-1J  ^".'fci  fii 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Spaulding . 
gpauliling. 
Bpauhlitig . 

Speaker 

Spearfish ... 
fipearsville.. 


tp. 

Ph 

tp. 

......p.tp. 

pv. 

.p.h. 


Bpeaiville tp, 

gpoHrville ~...p.v. 

Speedsville p.h. 

Speedwell tp. 

Speight's  Bridge  ...p.tp. 

Spencer tp. 

Speucer tp. 

Spencer p.r. 

gl>encer. tp. 

Spencer. p.v. 

Spencer. p.tp. 

Spencer tp. 

Spencer tp. 

Spencer tp. 

Spencer tp. 

Spencer. p.r. 

Silencer tp. 

Spencer ^ tp. 

Spencer tp. 

Spencer tp. 

Spencer tp. 

Spencer p.v. 

Spencer. p.r. 

Spencer p.r, 

Spencer p.tp, 

Spencer  ISrook p.tp, 

Speucerburg p.v. 

Bpenceriwrt p.v. 

Spencer's  Station...p.h. 

Spencerville p.v. 

Spencervillo p.h. 

Spencerville p.v. 

Spenuk p.v. 

Sperry tp. 

Sperryville p.v. 

Splceland tp. 

Spicelaiid p.v. 

Spice  Valley tp. 

Spickardsville p.v. 

Spiketown V. 

Splllvillo p.v. 

Spinnei-etown p.h. 

Spirit  Lake tp. 

Spirit  Lnke p.v. 

Spiiitwood p.h. 

Spokane  Falls p.v. 

Sjioonville h. 

Spottaville p.v. 

Spoilt  Brook p.h. 

Sprague tp. 

Sprague p.h. 

Sprague's v. 

Spraker's  Basin p.v. 

Bprigg tp. 

Spring tp. 

Spring tp. 

Spring tp. 

Spring tp. 

Spring v. 

Spring tp. 

Spring tp. 

Spring tp. 

Spring tp. 

Spring  Arbor p.tp. 

Spring  Bay tp. 

Spring  B:iy p.v. 

Spriiigboroiigh p.v. 

Bpringborough p.b. 

Spring  Brook p.v. 

Spring  Brook p.tp. 

Spring  Brook tp. 

Springbrook tp. 

Spring  City p.v. 

Spring  City p.b. 

Spring  City p.v. 

Spring  Creek tp. 

Spring  Creek tp. 

Spring  Creek tp. 

Spring  Creek tp. 

Spring  Creek tp. 

Spring  Creek tp. 

Spring  Creek tp. 

Spring  Creek tp. 

Spring  Creek tp. 

Spring  Creek tp. 


County. 


Union 

Union 

Saginaw 

Saniliic 

Lawrence 

Union 

Ford 

Furd 

Tompkins 

St.  Clair 

Greene 

Harrison 

Jennings 

Owen 

Clay 

Clay 

Worcester 

Kent 

Pike 

Ualls 

Tioga 

Tioga 

Allen 

Guernsey 

Hamilton  „ 

Lucas 

Medina 

Medina 

Van  Buren 

Iloane , 

Marathon 

Isanti 

Pike 

Monroe  _ 

Guernsey 

DeKalb 

Montgomery .... 

Allen , 

Suffolk 

Clayton 

Rappahannock. 

Henry 

Henry 

Lawrence  _ 

Grundy 

Alleghany 

Winneshiek 

Bucks 

Dickinson 

Dickinson 

Stutsman 

Spokane 

Ottawa 

Henderson 

Montgomery.... 
New  London ... 

Skamania 

Providence.!.... 
Montgomery ... 

Adams , 

Boone 

Cherokee 

Butler 

Harper 

Worcester™ 

Berks 

Centre 

Crawford 

Perrj' 

Jackson.. , 

Woodford 

Woodford , 

Warren , 

Crawford 

Erie 

Lackawanna .... 

Dunn 

Langlade 

Humboldt 

Chester , 

San  Pole 

Pike , 

Black  Hawk 

Tama 

Coffey 

Cowley 

Greenwood 

Saline 

Dent 

Douglas 

Howell 


Iowa. 
Iowa. 
Mich. 
Mich. 
Dakota. 

La. 

Kan 

Kan 

N.  Y 

Mo 

N.  0..... 
Ind...... 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa. ... 
Mass..... 
Mich.... 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y.... 
N.  Y.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Tenn .. 
W.  Ya. 

Wis 

Minn.. 

Mo 

N.  Y.... 
Ohio.... 

Ind 

Md 

Ohio.... 

N.  Y.... 

Iowa.... 

Va.... 

Ind.. 

Ind... 

Ind.. 

Mo... 

Pa.... 

Iowa, 

Pa.... 

Iowa. ... 

Iowa.... 

Dakota, 

Wash... 

Mich.... 

Ky 

N.  Y 

Conn.... 
Wash... 

R.  I 

N.  Y 

Ohio„... 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan„... 
Mass.... 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Mich.... 

HI 

HI 

Ohio 

Pa 

N.  Y 

Pa. 

Wis 

Wis 

Nev 

Pa 

Utah.... 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan..... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 


Population. 


242 
1,118 


606 

1,820 

1,310 

1,927 

971 

594 


3,952 
580 
1,654 
2,119 
1,863 


1,153 

1,359 

2,643 

663 

929 


147 
143 


364 

'{"i'ii 


2,014 

370 

1,939 


268 
76 


3,463 


2,086 

1,008 

33 


2,253 

1,1 

1,522 

1,492 

1,117 

475 

235 

477 

323 


426 
1,061 


623 

1,009 

707 

573 


726 
1,281 


593 

15 

413 

1,473 

170 

84 

718 

136 

96 

1,133 

2,493 

1,320 

1,803 

1,655 

1,392 

824 

7,466 

1,196 

2,021 

2,268 

2,382 

700 

1,646 

1,552 

996 

686 

898 

159 

217 

226 

1,091 

295 

157 

670 

69 

253 

84 

632 

196 

1,236 

314 

2,039 

527 

2,121 

830 

855 

840 

80 

30C 

277 

50 

850 

56 

448 

72 

3,207 

94 

169 

219 

2,652 

945 

194 

743 

151 

336 

2,340 

2,235 

1,524 

1,638 

1,264 

387 

175 

553 

879 

156 

658 

1,304 

273 

129 

1,112 

989 

1,365 

707 

974 

516 

511 

295 

1,200 

3,138 

675 

1,059 


Place. 


Spring  Creek tp. 

Spring  Creek tp. 

Spring  Creek p.tp. 

Spring  Creek tp. 

Spring  Creek tp. 

Spring  Creek p.tp. 

Spring  Creek p.v. 

Springdale p.v. 

Springdale tp. 

Springdale p.v. 

Springdale p.h. 

Springdale ~.tp. 

Springdale tp. 

Springdale tp. 

Springdale „.tp. 

Springdale p.v. 

Springdale h. 

Springdale p.tp. 

Spri  nger p.h. 

Springerton p.v. 

Springerville p.v. 

Springfield p.h. 

Springfield h. 

Springfield p.v. 

Springfield „.c. 

Springfield -.tp. 

Springfield „.tp. 

Springfield p.tp. 

Springfield _.tp. 

Springfield «.tp. 

Springfield.. „.tp. 

Springfield tp. 

Springfield p.v. 

Springfield p.h. 

Springfield p.tp, 

Springfield c. 

Springfield tp. 

Springfield p.tp, 

Springfield c. 

Springfield tp. 

Springfield _.tp. 

Springfield ».tp. 

Springfield p.h. 

Springfield „.tp. 

Springfield p.v. 

Springfield _.tp. 

Springfield _.p.h. 

Springfield c. 

Springfield tp. 

Springfield tp. 

Springfield tp. 

Springfield v. 

Springfield tp. 

Springfield tp. 

Springfield _.tp. 

Springfield ^.tp. 

Springfield  • tp. 

Springfield tp. 

Springfield tp. 

Springfield tp. 

Springfield p.v. 

Springfield p.tp, 

Springfield tp. 

Springfield v. 

Springfield v. 

Springfield tp. 

Springfield -.tp. 

Springfield tp. 

Springfield v. 

Springfield tp. 

Springfield tp. 

Springfield tp. 

Springfield V. 

Springfield tp. 

Springfield tp. 

Springfield p.v, 

Springfield h. 

Springfield p.v. 

Springfield h. 

Springfield tp. 

Springfield tp. 

Springfield tp. 

Springfield tp. 

Springfield p.v. 

Springfield  Centre. p.h. 
Springfield  Store. ..p.v. 

Spring  Garden tp. 

Spring  Garden p.v. 

Spring  Garden v. 

Spring  Garden tp. 

Spring  Green tp. 


County. 


Maries 

Phelps 

Madison 

Miami 

Elk 

Warren 

Rockingham 

Washington 

Cedar 

Cedar 

Leavenworth 

Sumner- 

Manistee 

Redwood 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Kane 

Dane 

Colfax 

White 

Apache 

Conway 

Tuolumne 

Bonhomme 

Sangamon 

Sangamon 

Allen 

Franklin 

La  Grange 

La  Porte 

Cedar 

Winneshiek 

Washington 

Livingston 

Penobscot 

Hampden 

Kalkaska 

Oakland 

Greene 

Henry 

Cottonwood 

Sullivan 

Sullivan 

Burlington 

Union 

Otsego 

Otsego 

Clark 

Clark 

Gallia 

Hamilton- 

Hamilton  - , 

Jefferson 

Lucas 

Mahoning 

Muskingum 

Richland 

Itoss 

Summit 

Williams 

Lane 

Bradford 

Bucks 

Chester 

Cumberland 

Delaware , 

Erie 

Fayette 

Fayette 

Huntingdon 

Mercer 

Montgomery 

Nort  hn  nibe  rland. 

York 

Windsor 

Windsor 

Page 

Hampshire 

Monroe 

Dime 

Jackson 

Marquette 

St.  Croix 

Walworth 

Otsego 

Queens 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Westmoreland 

York 

Sauk 


State. 


Mo 

Mo 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa. 

Va 

Ark 

Iowa.... 
Iowa. ... 

Kan 

Kan  _.., 
Mich.... 
Minn... 

Pa. 

Pa 

Utah..., 

Wis 

N.  Mex 

HI 

Arizona 

Ark. 

Cal.. 

Dakota. 

111... 

111... 

Ind. 

Ind. 

Ind. 

Ind. 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Ky.... 

La...... 

Me 

Mass., 

Mich., 

Mich. 

Mo  ... 

Mo .... 

Blinn 

N.  H.... 

N.  H..., 

N.  J.... 

N.  J  „.. 

N.Y.... 

N.  Y.... 

Ohio.... 

Ohio.... 

Ohio.... 

Ohio-.. 

Ohio... 

Ohio.... 

Ohio ... 

Ohio.... 

Ohio.... 

Ohio...., 

Ohio...., 

Ohio..., 

Ohio 

Oregon 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa- , 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa- 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa 

Vt 

Vt 

Va 

W.  Va... 
W.  Va... 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ill 

Ill 

Pa 

Pa 

Wis 


Population. 


1870.       1880. 


244 

1,119 

944 

1,606 

357 

1,116 


1,639 


1,138 


17,364 
2,447 
1,749 
1,613 

928 
1,072 
1,.509 
1,260 

502 


879 
26,703 


1,378 
6,555 
1,896 


1,761 

770 
2,022 


12,G52 
3,988 
1,824 
0,548 


.826 
701 
2,150 
4,022 
2,046 
1,238 
2,085 
1,981 


1,456 
2,651 


1,267 
1,742 
1,629 


738 
1,318 
1,222 


1,958 
2,937 
1,337 


1,4:59 
711 
261 
372 


1,337 
205 


3,040 
1,166 


347 

1,521 

1,604 

1,682 

467 

1,300 

109 

198 

1,862 

172 

41 

687 

102 

307 

738 

456 

60 

1,006 

34 

133 

364 

51 

44 

235 

19,743 

3,481 

1,899 

1,376 

1,017 

1,076 

1,402 

1,037 

610 

99 

878 

33,340 

4U4 

1,272 

6,522 

941 

283 

732 

78 

1,886 

844 

2,010 

74 

20,730 

3,725 

1,782 

7,975 

284 

817 

705 

2,474 

1,280 

1,617 

1,287 

2,:«2 

2,117 

100 

1,516 

2,525 

214 

144 

1,772 

1,792 

1,713 

119 

816 

1,404 

1,535 

650 

1,854 

3,144 

1,586 

42 

149 

51 

1.240 

838 

428 

1,372 

130 

61 

197 

1,363 

158 

153 

4,110 

1,090 


1  In  1870,  including  Lexington. 


891 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


^1m«. 


Stock  ton....„..~.....ti>. 

Siwktun.. b. 

Stuck  ton.« p.r, 

Stucktou— tp. 

Stockton.- p.T, 

Stockton^ p.tp. 

Stock  tOD.„ p.T. 

Stockton..... p.T, 

Stock  to n» p.T, 

Stockton— tp. 

Stockton.. p.T, 

Stockton p.tp. 

Stockton.- p.tp. 

Stockton  Uomeetead.T. 

Stockwell p.T. 

Stoddard. _p.tp, 

Stohrrille. tp. 

Stokes tp. 

6U>ke8 tp. 

Stokr«  Dridge p.tp, 

Stone  Dunk p.T. 

Stone  Bluff's p.h. 

Stoiieborough „p.b. 

Stoneburg „ T. 

Stone  Church p.h. 

Stone  Cliff. p.h. 

Stoneham tp. 

Stoneham p.tp. 

Stoneham p.T. 

Stone  Lick ».p.tp. 

Stoue  Mountain p.T, 

Stonerstown t. 

Stonorgvillo p.h, 

Stoiierille p.T, 

Stonewall p.T, 

Stonewall p.T, 

Stonewall  .Fjjf  tipryjr. 

.SfuTiigton tp. 

Stonington -p.b. 

Stimington .tp. 

Stonington p.T. 

Stony  Battery tp. 

Stony  Brook tp. 

Stony  Brook p.T. 

Stony  Creek tp. 

Stony  Creek tp. 

Stony  Creek tp. 

Stony  Creek tp. 

Stony  Creek -..h. 

Stony  Creek tp. 

Stony  Creek p.tp. 

Stony  Creek  .........tp. 

Stony  Creek tp. 

Stony  Creek tp. 

Stony  Creek p.tp. 

Stony  Fork p.tp. 

Stony  Point .p.tp. 

Stony  Point U. 

Stony  Kun -p.tp. 

Storden p.tp. 


Oomatj. 


..p.T, 
.p.T, 
..p.T, 
..p.T. 
..p.T, 
..p.h, 
..p.tp, 


Storm  Lake.. 
Stornistown... 

Story  City 

Stottville 

Stouclisburg .. 
Stonghgtown.. 

Stoughton 

Stoughton p.tp. 

Stoutland p.T, 

Stoutsville p.T, 

StoutsTille p.T. 

Stow p.tp. 

Stow' p.tp. 

Stow tp. 

Stow  Creek .tp. 

Stowe tp. 

Stowe tp. 

Stowe p.T. 

Stowe  Prairie... tp. 

Sfc-yestown .....p.b. 

Stratmne tp. 

SlratTurd „.-p.tp. 

Strafford „.tp. 

Strafford .._.p.T. 

Stmhniburg h. 

Straight  Creek tp. 

Straits p.tp, 

Straitoville- t. 

Strand tp. 

Stranger -tp. 

Strasburg p.T. 


Greene 

Owen 

Muscatine 

Rooki 

Bocks 

Waldo 

Worcester. 

Winona. 

Cedar 

Camden 

lluuterdon .> 

Chautauqua...... 

Portage 

San  Joaquin 

Tli)i>ecanoe 

Cheshire 

Harper 

Logan 

Madison 

Darlington 

Waukesha 

Fountain 

Mercer 

Alleghany 

Genesee 

Fayette 

Oxford 

Middlesex 

Warren 

Clermont 

De  Kalb 

Bedford. 

Berks 

Kockingham  .... 

Cherokee.. 

Pamlico 

Clarke 

NewU.?P<lfn 

New  Lonii.JPO.-— 

Christian.. 

Christian 

Newberry 

Grant 

Suffolk 

Colusa  

Henry 

Madison 

Randolph 

Oakland 

Warren 

Caswell 

Nash 

Wayne 

Cambria 

Somerset 

Watauga 

Bockland 

Berks 

Yellow  Medicine, 

Cottonwood 

Buena  Vista 

Centre , 

Story 

Columbia.. 

Berks 

Cumberland 

Norfolk. , 

Dane , 

Camden , 

Monroe , 

Fairfield 

Oxford , 

Middlesex , 

Summit 

Cumberland 

Alleghany 

Lamoille 

Lamoille 

Todd 

Somerset 

Adams 

Strafford 

Orange 

Orange 

Cedar 

Jackson. 

Carteret. 

Perry 

Polk , 

LeaTen  worth 

Shelby 


SUte. 


Ind.... 
Ind.... 
Iowa. . 
Kan... 
Kan... 

Me 

Md.... 
Minn. 

Mo 

N.  J„. 
N.J... 
N.  Y„. 
Wis.... 
Cal .... 
Ind.... 
N.H... 
Kan... 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
8.O.... 
WU.... 
Ind.... 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  Y„. 
W.Va 

Me 

Mass.. 

Pa 

Ohio... 

Ga 

Pa. 

Pa 

N.  C... 
Ala.... 
N.  0... 
Miss... 
Conn., 
Conn.. 

fir...'..... 
Ill 

S.C 

Minn.... 

N.  Y 

Cal 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

N.  C. 

N.  C 

N.  0. 

Pa 

Pa 

N.C 

N.  Y..., 

Pa 

Minn .., 
Minn  .. 
Iowa.... 

Pa 

Iowa.... 

N.  Y 

Pa. 

Pa 

Mass..., 

Wis 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio 

Me 

Mass... 

Ohio 

N.J.... 

Pa 

Vt 

Vt 

Minn .. 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  H..... 

Vt 

Vt 

Neb- 
Kan.., 
N.  C. 
Ohio., 
Minn 
Kan., 
lU 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


1^10 


2,089 


1,6:19 
1,023 


403 
667 


673 

086 

i;i86 


425 
4,613 


1,880 
690 


6,313 


1,901 


686 

934 

1,C82 

1,212 


1,127 
1,368 


1,526 

366 

3,205 


397 


4,914 
985 


160 

427 
1,813 

925 
1,122 

739 
2,049 


288 
1,647 
1,669 
1,290 


1,323 


1,372 

47 
116 
656 
411 

1,648 

252 

214 

407 

3,532 

577 

1,866 

1,346 

367 

373 

563 

606 

1,095 

1,285 

1,300 

101 

60 

1,186 

350 

66 

85 

475 

4,890 

241 

1,871 

799 

241 

87 

100 

133 

209 

145 

7,365 

1,766 

997 

isn 

2,628 

281 

649 
1,453 

947 
1,483 
1,337 
98 
1,253 
1,615 
1,897 
1,492 

881 
1,727 

664 

3,308 

50 

630 

209 

l,o;54 

101 
331 
720 
356 
85 

4,875 

1,353 
182 
118 
340 
401 

1,045 
911 

1,107 
867 

1,896 
52;j 
393 
319 

1,712 

l,.53l 

1,181 
148 
63 
976 

1,149 
308 
118 

1,330 
104 


Place. 


Strasbnrg „....p.h. 

Strasburg p.  v. 

Strasburg tp. 

Straslmrg p.b. 

Strasburg p.T. 

Stratford p.tp. 

Stratford p.tp. 

Stratford tp. 

Stratford p.T. 

Strathaoi p.tp, 

Stratton tp. 

Stratton p.tp 

StrattonTillo p.b. 

Straughn's  Station.p.T. 

Strauss  town p.v. 

Strawberry p.tp. 

Strawberry  Potnt„.p.v, 


.p.T. 

.p.h. 

,p.T, 

.p.tp. 

p.T. 


County. 


State. 


Straw  n 

Strawn 

Strcator 

Streets  through 

Strlnestown 

Strington li 

Strinjrtown t. 

Striugtown.. h. 

Stringtown h. 

Strodersville p.h. 

Stronach tp. 

Strouach. p.T. 

Strong p.tp. 

Strong's  Prairie p.tp. 

StrongsviUe p.tp, 

Stroud p.v. 

Stroud tp. 

Stroudsburg p.b. 

Struthers  Station. ..p.T. 

Stryker p.v. 

Stuart p.y. 

Stump p.h. 

Stump  Sound .p.tp. 

..Stumptown h 

StaSfnvy  Point p.tp. 

Sturbr"idg\;VJ ptp. 

Sturgeon -P-^ 

Sturgeon  Bay tp." 

Sturgeon  Bay p.T. 

Sturgis p.h. 

Sturgis tp. 

Sturgis p.r. 

Stuyvesant tp. 

Stuyvesant p.T. 

Suamico p.tp, 

Sublett l>.h. 

Sublette tp. 

Sublette p.T. 

Sudbury* tp. 

Sudbury p.T. 

Sudbury p.tp, 

Sudlergville p.T. 

Sue  City p.h. 

Suez p.tp. 

Suffleld p.tp, 

Suflield tp. 

Suffield p.T. 

Suffolk T. 

Suffolk p.T. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek p.tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek  • tp. 

Sugar  Creek  < tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Siigiir  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek p.tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Fork -tp. 

Sugar  GroTe p.tp. 


Cass 

Tuscarawas 

Lancaster. 

Ijaucaster 

Shenandoah 

Fairflcld 

Coos 

Fulton 

Fulton 

Rockingham 

Edgar , 

Windham 

Clarion 

Henry , 

Berks 

Washington- 

Clayton 

Livingston 

Coffey 

La  Salle 

Portage 

York 

Marshall 

Fountain 

Boone 

Cambria 

Cape  Girardeau- 
Manistee 

Manistee 

Franklin 

Adams 

Cuyahoga 

Mulileuburg 

Monroe 

Monroe 

Mahoning 

Williams 

Guthrie- 

Ramsey 

Onslow 

Lancaster 

Dare 

Worcester 

Boone. 

Door 

^Door 

Lfflwrence 

St.  JeVJBcph 

St.  JosePl>h 

Columbia 

Columbi.'^ 

Brown 

Adair ,.. 

Lee f. 

Lee 

Middlesex .!.«••• 

Middlesex 

Rutland ..•• 

Queen  Anne. | 

Macon 

Mercer 

Hartford 

Portage 

Portage 

Schuylkill..., 
Nanscmond... 

Clinton 

Boone 

Clinton 

Hancock 

Montgomery 

Parke 

Shelby 

Vigo 

Cedar , 

Poweshiek.... 

Miami 

Barry 

Harrison 

Randolph 

Allen 

Greene 

Putnam. 

Stark 

Tuscarawas.. 

Wayne , 

Armstrong.. 

Venango 

Walworth..., 

Macon 

Kane 


Mo... 
Ohio 

Pa.... 

Pa.... 
Va... 

Coiin.... 

N.H.. 

N.  Y., 

N.Y.. 

N.  H.. 

Ill 

Vt 

Pa .... 

Ind... 

Pa.... 

Kan.. 

Iowa, 

III.... 

Kan 

III 

Ohio 

Pa 

Ky 

Ind 

Ky. 

Pa. 

Mo 

Mich.... 

Mich..., 

Me 

Wis 

Ohio 

Ky 

Pa 

Pa 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Iowa..., 

Dak 

N.  C 

Pa 

N.  C... 

Mass ... 

Mo , 

Wis 

Wis 

Dak 

Mich..., 

Mich..., 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Wis 

Mo 

Ill 

Ill 

Mass... 

Mass... 

Vt 

Md 

Mo 

IJII 

tilonn... 
O\bio.... 
Oluiio... 

Paji. 

Va 

III..,,.... 
Ind....... 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind I 

Ind I, 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Iowa..., 
Kan.... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio.... 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio... 

Pa. 

Pa 

Wis 

N.  C 

Ill 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


1,K64 
1,008 

680 
3,(KV2 

8H6 
1,103 


769 

1,621 

294 

356 


1,486 
706 


6:J4 

1,043 

896 


2.100 
1,793 


1,515 


2,101 


2,306 
1,768 
2,263 

"i',074 


1,300 
2,091 


1,170 
3,277 
1,444 


930 

2,359 

3,138 

964 

1,897 

1,170 

878 

1,028 

2,054 

739 

910 

.      444 

.  2,112 

..1,133 

.2,896 

'.,1,010 

119,482 

J.  ,037 

l\,779 

11.482 

2X000 

]fi023 

192 
3,V56 

7J37 


1  In  1871,  part  to  Maynard. 
391 


*  In  1871,  part  to  Uaynard. 


•  In  1870,  part  to  Ash. 


*  Since  1870,  area  red\  uced. 


POPULATION  OF   THE   CITIES,  TOWxVS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Sugar  Grove tp. 

Sugar  Grove v. 

Sugar  Grove p.v. 

Sugar  Grove tp. 

Sugar  Grove tp. 

Sugar  Grove p.v. 

Sugar  Island tp. 

Sugar  Loaf p.fp. 

Sugar  Loaf tp. 

Sugar  Loaf. tp. 

Sugar  Loaf. tp. 

Sugar  Notch p.b. 

Sugar  Ridge tp. 

Sugar  Run p.v. 

Sugar  Tree  Bidge  ..p.Ii. 

Suggsville p.v. 

SniBun tp. 

Suisun  City p.v. 

Suliiran tp. 

Sullivan p.v. 

Sullivan tp. 

Sullivan p.v. 

Sullivan p.tp. 

Sullivan tp. 

Sullivan p.v. 

Sullivan p.tp. 

Sullivan tp. 

Sullivan p  tp. 

Sullivan p.v. 

Sullivan p.tp, 

Sullivan tp. 

Sullivan tp. 

Sullivan p.tp, 

Sullivant tp. 

Sulphur  Bluff. p.h. 

Sulpliur  Rock p.v. 

Sulphur  Spring8....p.v. 
Sulphur  Springs... .tp. 
Sulphur  Spriiigg....p.v. 

Sulphur  Station p.h. 

Bulpliur  Well v. 

Sulphur  Well p.h. 

Suuimerfiold p.v. 

Sumnicrfield p.tp. 

Summerfield tp. 

Sumnicrfield v. 

Summerfield p.v. 

Summerford tp. 

Summerford p.v. 

Summer  Uill p.v. 

Summer  Hill p.tp, 

Summer  Hill tp. 

Summer  Hill p.b. 

Summer  Uill tp. 

Summerset tp. 

Sumuierget p.h. 

Summer  Shade p.v. 

Summersvillo h. 

Sunimergville v. 

SummerBville v. 

Summerville p.v. 

Summerville v. 

Summerville p.v. 

Summerville p.v. 

Summerville h. 

Summerville p.T. 

Summerville v. 

Summit p.h. 

Summit  1 tp. 

Summit p.v. 

Summit. v. 

Summit. v. 

Summit p.h. 

Summit tp. 

Summit tp. 

Summit tp. 

Summit tp. 

Summit tp. 

Summit tp. 

Summit.. tp. 

Summit tp. 

Summit tp. 

Summit tp. 

Summit tp. 

Summit p.v. 

Summit tp. 

Summit v. 

Summit tp. 

Summit p.T. 

Summit tp. 

Summit.... p.T. 


CJounty. 


Dallas 

Clark 

Fairfield 

Mercer 

Warren 

Warren , 

Chippewa. 

Ilook8- , 

Alexander , 

Columbia « 

Luzerne 

Lnzerue 

Clay 

Bradford 

Highland 

Clarke 

Solano 

Solano , 

Moultrie 

Moultrie 

LivingBton 

Sullivan 

Hancock 

Polk 

Franklin 

Cheshire 

Madison 

Ashland 

Ashland 

Tioga 

Laurens 

Jackson 

JelTerson 

Ford 

Hopkins 

Independence  », 

Henry 

Rutherford 

Hopkins 

Henry 

Jessamine 

Metcalfe 

St  Clair 

Clare 

Monroe 

Richmond^ 

Noble 

Madison 

Madison 

Pike 

Cayuga 

Cambria 

Cambria 

Crawford 

Adair 

Warren 

Metcalfe 

Macoupin 

Colleton 

Nicholas 

Chattooga.. 

Richmond , 

Cass 

Jefferson 

Susquehanna.... 

Charleston 

Caledonia 

Blount 

Effingham 

Cook 

Knox 

Moultrie 

De  Kalb 

Adair 

Clay , 

Marion 

O'Brien  „ 

Chautauqua. 

Cloud 

Marion 

Saline 

Jackson.. , 

Mason , 

Steele.. , 

Pike , 

Bates.. 

Macon 

Union 

Union , 

Schoharie , 

Schoharie- , 


Iowa... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Mich  .. 
Kan .... 
N.  0.... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Ind 

Pa 

Ohio.... 

Ala 

Cal 

Cal 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Me 

Minn .. 

Mo 

N.  U... 
N.  Y„.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 

Pa 

8.  C 

Wis.-.. 

Wis 

Ill- 

Tex 

Ark.-.. 

Ind 

N.  0 ... 

Tex 

Ky 

Ky 

Ky 

Ill 

Mich... 
Mich... 
N.  Y-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 

Ill 

N.  Y-.. 

Pa_ 

Pa 

Pa 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 

Ky 

Ill 

S.C 

W.  Va, 

Ga. 

Ga 

Mich... 

Pa 

Pa 

S.C 

Vt 

Ala 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Hi 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Iowa. .. 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Kan.... 
Kan  „.. 
Kan-.. 
Kan.... 
Mich... 
Mich... 
Minn- 
Miss... . 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  J-.. 
N.  J  „.. 
N.  Y„.. 
N.  Y-.. 


Population. 


254 
511 

1,729 


238 


707 
759 

1,240 
724 

1,140 


1,842 
462 

2,668 
742 
921 

1,396 
796 


347 

4,921 

825 


1,637 
2,132 


1,666 
141 


246 

067 
921 


1,464 


470 
935 


1,036 
752 


1,232 
439 


1,432 


1,484 


86;i 

257 
322 


1,176 
'i,G3'i 


1,125 
146 

262 

655 

1,861 

492 

644 

333 

828 

872 

1,390 

1,582 

1,533 

111 

79 

134 

1,944 

554 

3,689 

1,305 

1,260 

2,161 

1,023 

178 

155 

382 

4,803 

795 

117 

1,345 

2,403 

400 

1,357 

717 

63 

188 

256 

1,188 

1,854 

96 

100 

68 

640 

195 

1,829 

179 

435 

958 

323 

142 

1,028 

619 

343 

1,202 

1,080 

97 

170 

78 

736 

165 

340 

1,328 

123 

348 

80 

636 

720 

82 

1,114 

272 

128 

121 

66 

648 

231 

1,412 

161 

762 

977 

421 

148 

999 

387 

536 

1,604 

789 

100 

1,910 

1,0U 

1,405 

121 


Summit tp. 

Summit tp. 

Summit tp. 

Summit tp. 

Summit tp. 

Summit tp. 

Summit p.h. 

Summit p.v. 

Summit tp. 

Summit tp. 

Summit  Grove p.h. 

Summit  Lake tp. 

Summit  Point -p.h. 

Summit  Station p.v. 

Summitville p.v. 

Summitville p.v. 

Summitville p.h. 

Summitville b. 

Sumner p.v. 

Sumner tp. 

Sumner p.v. 

Sumner tp. 

Sumner tp. 

Sumner p.T. 

Sumner tp. 

Sumner tp. 

Sumner tp. 

Sumner tp. 

Sumner tp. 

Sumner tp. 

Sumner p.tp. 

Sumner p.tp. 

Sumner p.tp. 

Sumner tp. 

Sumner tp. 

Sumner tp. 

Sumner p.h. 

Sumner tp. 

Sumner  3 _.tp. 

Sumneytown .- p.v. 

Sumpter tp. 

Sumpter tp. 

Sumpter tp. 

Sumter p.tp. 

Sumter tp. 

Sumter tp. 

Sumter  C.  H p.v. 

Sunapee tp. 

Suuapeo p.T. 

Sunbury tp. 

Sunbury p.T. 

Sunbury T. 

Sunbury b. 

Sunbury p.b. 

Sun  City tp. 

Sun  City p.h. 

Suucook p.T. 

Sunderland p.tp, 

Sunderland .p.tp. 

Sundown tp. 

Sunfield p.tp 

Suufish tp. 

Sunman p.T. 

Sunny  Side p.h. 

Sunny  South v. 

Sun  Prairie tp. 

Sun  Prairie p.v. 

Sunrise tp. 

Sunrise b. 

Sunrise  City p.h. 

Sun  River p.h. 

Sunsbury -tp. 

Sunset p.T. 

Sunville p.b. 

Superior tp. 

Superior p.tp. 

Superior tp. 

Superior tp. 

Sui)erior p.T. 

Superior tp. 

Superior p.tp. 

Surrey tp. 

Surry tp. 

Surry p.T, 

Surry tp. 

Surry p.h 

Susan  River tp. 

SusanviUe P-tp. 

Suspension  Bridge.p.T, 

Susquehanna tp. 

Susquehanna — tp. 


County. 


Monroe- 

Butler 

Crawford 

Erie 

Potter 

Somerset 

Kent 

Iron 

Juneau 

Waukesha 

Vermilion 

Nobles 

Lexington , 

Schuylkill 

Madison 

Sullivan 

Columbiana- 

Cambria. 

Kern 

Kankakee , 

Lawrence- 

Warren- , 

Bremer... , 

Bremer. 

Buchanan- 

Iowa 

Webster- 

Winneshiek- , 

Osborne 

Reno 

Sumner 

Oxford 

Gratiot , 

Fillmore , 

Guilford 

Barron , 

Barron , 

Jefferson 

Trempealeau 

Montgomery 

Cumberland , 

Wayne , 

Sauk 

McLeod 

Sumter 

Williamsburg , 

Sumter 

Sullivan 

Sullivan 

Livingston 

Delaware- , 

Montgomery 

Butler 

Northumberland 

Barbour- 

Barbour 

Merrimac- 

Franklin....; 

Bennington- 

Redwood 

Eaton - 

Pike , 

Ripley 

Spalding 

Placer 

Dane 

Dane 

Chisago 

Wasatch 

Chisago 

Lewis  and  Clarke, 

Monroe 

Apache 

Venango 

Dickinson 

McPherson 


Washtenaw.. 

Nuckolls 

Williams 

Douglas- 

Clare 

Hancock 

Hancock 

Cheshire 

Cheshire 

Lassen 

Lassen , 

Niagara , 

Cambria , 

Dauphin 


State. 


Ohio-. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

B.  I.- 
Utah., 
Wis .., 
Wis.-, 
Ind... 
Minn, 
8.  C..., 

Pa , 

Ind  .. 
N.Y- 
Ohio.. 

Pa 

Cal ... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Iowa. 

Iowa. 

Iowa. 

Iowa.... 

Iowa. 

Kan- 

Kau- 

Kan- 

Me.... 

Mich. 

Minn 

N.  C-, 

Wis.- 

Wis.„ 

Wis.-, 

Wis.- 

Pa 

Ill , 

Mich.... 
Wis- 
Minn 
S.  C... 
8.  C- 
8.  C... 
N.  H. 
N.  H. 

Ill 

Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 
Pa-... 

Pa 

Kan.. 
Kan- 
N.  H. 
Mass.... 

Vt 

Minn 
Mich. 
Ohio- 
Ind... 
Ga..... 
Cal ... 
Wis.- 

Wi8.„ 

Minn 
Utah. 
Minn 
Mon- 
Ohio.. 
Arizona 

Pa 

Iowa..., 
Kan  -.. 
Kan  -.. 
Mich.- 

Neb 

Ohio-.., 

Wis , 

Mich... 

Me 

Me 

N.  H... 
N.  H.-, 

Cal 

Cal 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Pa 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


970 
1,304 
1,034 
1,047 

146 
1,493 

""iu 

722 
1,358 


177 


1,081 
672 
998 
582 


650 
692 
574 
909 


1,170 
816 


1,120 


468 
889 


1,751 

1,106 

847 

315 

3,659 

1,679 

1,807 

808 


891 
236 


216 
3,131 


832 
663 


1,106 
628 


626 
240 


1,428 


966 
1,268 


1,627 
1,122 


1,242 

'"sis 


1,106 
2,264 


914 

1,266 

1,058 

1,047 

202 

1,861 

69 

123 

1,014 

1,138 

61 

63 

61 

153 

400 

223 

69 

139 

242 

1,014 

1,021 

948 

996 

285 

686 

811 

959 

863 

923 

636 

401 

1,014 

1,368 

900 

1,074 

479 

46 

632 

693 

193 

1,979 

1,445 

746 

740 

6,166 

2,757 

2,011 

895 

376 

997 

340 

119 

243 

4,077 

369 

81 

3,487 

755 

655 

231 

l,5it5 

9Y6 

195 

42 

145 

921 

597 

271 

48 

79 

76 

1,660 

161 

108 

95 

6:^4 

1,881 

1,253 

458 

1,846 

655 

1,159 

1,184 

111 

326 

89 

135 

943 

2,476 

949 

2,411 


1  In  1874,  part  to  Banner. 


*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


395 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Plaoa. 


..p.v. 
..p.h. 
...p.b. 


Stock  ton .>..._.tp. 

8i«M'ktoti.. b. 

Stuck  tun.- p.T, 

Stucktou.- tp. 

Btucktun— p.T, 

Btockton>. p.tp. 

Stock  tun p.T, 

Stock  tun_.. p.T, 

Stock  t<in_ p.T, 

Stockton-. tp. 

Stockton— p.T. 

Stockton p.tp. 

Stockton.- p.tp. 

Stockton  Homestead .T. 

Stockwell p.T. 

Stoddard -p.tp, 

Stohrville. tp. 

Stukvii ..tp. 

Stokes tp. 

6tok(>8  Dridge p.tp, 

Stone  Uunk.... 
Stone  Bluffs.... 
Stoneborough. 

Stonel>urg T. 

Stone  Church -p.b. 

Stone  Cliff. p.b. 

Stoneham tp. 

Stoueliam. p.tp, 

Stoneham p.T. 

Stone  Lick p.tp. 

Stoue  Mouutain~...p.T, 

Stonorstown t. 

Stonersville p.b, 

Stoni-ville p.T, 

Stonewall p.T, 

Stonewall p.T, 

Stonowall_Fijf.^tXjr. 

^Sfmiigton tp. 

Stonington p.b. 

Stonington tp. 

Stonington p.T. 

Stony  Battery tp. 

Stony  Brook tp. 

Stony  Brook p.T. 

Stony  Creek tp. 

Stony  Creek tp. 

Stony  Creek tp. 

Stony  Creek tp. 

Stony  Creek h. 

Stony  Creek tp. 

Stony  Creek p.tp. 

Stony  Creek  .........tp. 

Stony  Creek tp. 

Stony  Creek tp. 

Stony  Creek p.tp 

Stony  Fork p.tp 

Stony  Point p.tp. 

Stony  Point h. 

Stony  Bnn p.tp, 

Storden p.tp, 


County. 


...p.T, 
..p.T, 
..p.T, 
,..p.T, 
..p.T 
,..p.h, 
..p.tp, 
..p.tp, 
..p.T. 
..p.T. 
..p.T. 
..p.tp. 


Storm  Lake.. 
Stomistown.. 

Story  City 

Stottville 

Stouchsburg . 
Stoughstown, 
Stoughton.... 
Stoughton.... 

Stoutland 

gtoutsTlUe.... 
StontsTlUe.... 

Stow 

Stow' p.tp. 

Stow- tp. 

Stow  Creek .tp. 

Stowe tp. 

Stowe tp. 

Stowe p.T. 

Stowe  Prairie tp. 

fctoyestown ....-p.b. 

Straliane -tp. 

StrafTord ...-p.tp, 

Stratford —tp. 

Strafford p.T. 

Strahniburg h. 

Straight  Creek tp. 

Straits p.tp. 

StraitsTltlA- t. 

Strand tp. 

Stranger tp. 

Btrasburg p.T, 


Qreene ., 

Owen ...- 

Muscatine 

Rooks 

Bocks , 

Waldo , 

Worcester. 

Winona , 

Cedar , 

Camden 

Hunterdon «, 

Chautauqua...... 

Portage 

San  Joaquin-.... 

Tlpi>ecanoe 

Cliesbire 

Harper 

Logan 

Madison 

Darlington 

Waukesha 

Fountain- 

Mercer 

Alleghany 

Genesee , 

Fayette 

Oxford 

Middlesex 

Warren 

Clermont 

De  Kalb 

Bedford- 

Berks 

Uockingham .... 

Cherokee.- 

Pamlico 

Clarke 

NewLt-?^^?" 

Kew  Lonu-.P"*.-- 

Christian 

Christian.- 

Newberry 

Grant 

Suffolk 

Colusa  

Henry 

Madison 

Randolph 

Oakland 

Warren 

Ca.sweU 

Nash 

Wayne 

Cambria 

Somerset 

Watauga 

Rockluud 

Berks 

Yellow  Medicine, 

Cottonwood 

Buena  Vista 

Centre , 

Story 

Columbia 

Berks 

Cumberland 

Norfolk- 

Dnne , 

Camden , 

Monroe , 

Fairfield , 

Oxford , 

Middlesex , 

Summit 

Cumberland 

Alleghany 

Lamoille 

Lamoille 

Todd 

Somerset 

Adams 

Strafford 

Orange 

Orange 

Cedar 

Jackson- 

Carteret. 

Perry 

Polk 

LeaTenworth 

Shelby „ 


SUte. 


Ind...., 

lud 

Iowa. . 
Kan... 
Kan... 

He 

Md .... 
Minn. 

Mo 

N.J... 
N.  J.... 
N.  T... 
Wis.... 
Cal .... 
Ind.... 
N.  H-. 
Kan... 
Ohio-. 
Ohio... 
8.O.... 
Wis.... 
Ind.... 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  T-. 
W.Va, 

Me 

Mass.. 

Pa 

Ohio... 

Ga 

Pa. 

Pa 

N.  C... 
Ala.... 
N.  C... 
Miss... 
Conn.. 
Conn.. 

liT.;.'..... 

Ill 

s.c 

Minn.... 

N.  Y 

Cal 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

N.  C 

N.  C 

N.  C 

Pa , 

Pa , 

N.  C.„.. 
N.  Y-.. 

Pa , 

Minn .. 
Minn .. 
Iowa.... 

Pa 

Iowa..., 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Pa 

Mass... 

Wis 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio-.. 

Me 

Mass... 
Ohio.... 
N.J_... 

Pa 

Vt 

Vt 

Minn .. 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  H.... 

Vt 

Vt 

Neb....- 
Kan- 
N.C.. 
Ohio- 
Minn 
Kan... 
lU 


Population. 


1870.      188U, 


1^10 


2,080 


2,381 


l,6;i9 
1,023 


403 
667 


673 

98C 

1,186 


471 


425 
4,613 


1,880 
690 


1,901 


686 

934 

1,082 

1,212 


1,127 
1.' 


1,526 

366 

3,206 


4,914 
985 


160 

427 
1,813 

926 
1,122 

739 
2,049 


288 
1,647 
1,609 
1,290 


1,323 


1,372 

47 

lie 

656 
4U 
1,648 
252 
214 
407 
8,532 
677 
1,868 
1,346 
307 
373 
653 
600 
1,095 
1,285 
1,300 
101 
60 
1,186 
350 
66 
85 
475 
4,890 
241 
1,871 
799 
241 
87 
100 
133 
209 
145 
7,355 
1,755 
997 
137" 
2,628 
281 
649 
1,453 
947 
1,483 
l,3;i7 
98 
1,253 
1,615 
1,897 
1,492 
881 
1,727 
604 
3,308 
60 
630 
209 

1,o:j4 

101 
331 
720 
350 
85 

4,876 

1,353 
182 
118 
340 
4U1 

1,045 
911 

1,107 
867 

1,896 
62:J 
393 
319 

1,712 

1,.531 

1,181 
148 
63 
976 

1,149 
308 
118 

1,330 
104 


Place. 


County. 


Strasbnrg p.h. 

Strasburg p.v. 

Stnwburg tp. 

Strnsliurg p.b. 

Strasburg p.v. 

Stratford p.tp, 

Stratford p.tp, 

Stnitford tp. 

Stratford.- p.T. 

Stmthani p.tp, 

Stratton tp. 

Stratton p.tp. 

Strattonville p.b. 

Straughn's  Station.p.T. 

Strausstown p.T. 

8tniwl)erry p.tp. 

Strawberry  Point...p.v. 

Strawn p.T. 

Strawu p.h. 

Streator p.T. 

Streetslra  rough p.tp 

Strinestown p.v. 

Strington b. 

Stringtown t. 

Striugtown.. h. 

Stringtown b . 

Strodersville p.h. 

Stronach tp. 

Strouach. p.T. 

Strong p.tp. 

Strong's  Prairie p.tp. 

StrongsviUe p.tp, 

Stroud -.p.v. 

Stroud tp. 

Stroudsburg p.b. 

Struthers  Station. ..p.T. 

Stryker p.v. 

Stuart p.T. 

Stump p.h. 

Stump  Sound -p.tp. 

..Stumptown h. 

Stoa.'ntiy  Point p.tp, 

Sturb'rid^gV,') PtP 

Sturgeon ...-P-t. 

Sturgeon  Bay tp." 

Sturgeon  Bay- p  .t. 

Stnrgis p.b. 

Sturgis tp. 

Sturgis p.v. 

Stuyvesant tp. 

Stuyvesant p.T. 

Suamico p.tp, 

Sublett p.b. 

Sublette tp. 

Sublette p.T. 

Sudbury* tp. 

Sudbury p.T. 

Sudbury p.tp. 

Sudlersville p.T. 

Sue  City p.h. 

Suez P-tp* 

Suffleld p.tp. 

Suffleld tp. 

Suffield p.v. 

Suffolk V. 

Suffolk p.T. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek p.tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek  * tp. 

Sugar  Creek* tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Creek p.tp. 

Sugar  Creek tp. 

Sugar  Fork tp. 

Sugar  Grove p.tp. 


CasB 

Tuscarawas— 

Lancaster 

Lancaster 

Shenandoah 

Fairfield 

Coos 

Fulton 

Fulton 

Rockingham 

Edgar 

Windham 

Clarion „ 

Henry 

Berks 

Washington- 

Clayton 

Livingston 

Coffey 

La  Salle 

Portage - 

York , 

Marshall , 

Fountain 

Boone 

Cambria , 

Cape  Girardeau.., 

Manistee 

Manistee , 

Franklin , 

Adams 

Cuyahoga 

Mulileuburg 

Monroe 

Monroe - 

Mahoning , 

Williams , 

Guthrie 

Ramsey- 

Onslow 

Lancaster- , 

Dare 

Worcester , 

Boone 

Door , 

^Door 

Lffilwrence 

St.  Jcioseph 

St.  Josappb 

Columl  .Ja 

Columbi..? 

Brown 

Adair.- -,.• 

Lee .< 

Lee -."••• 

Middlesex .w 

Middlesex ..•• 

Rutland «.• 

Queen  Anne- A 

Macon , 

Mercer 

Hartford 

Portage 

Portage 

Schuylkill 

Nansemond 

Clinton 

Boone 

Clinton 

Hancock 

Montgomery... 

Parke 

Shelby 

Vigo 

Cedar 

Poweshiek 

Miami 

Barry 

Harrison 

Randolph 

Allen 

Greene , 

Putnam- 

Stark 

Tuscarawas.... 

Wayne «... 

Armstrong.... 

Venango 

Walworth 

Macon 

Kane 


State. 


Mo... 
Ohio 
Pa..., 
Pa..., 
Va... 
Conn.... 

N.H 

N.  Y 

N.Y_... 

N.  H 

Ill 

Vt 

Pa 

Ind 

Pa. 

Kan 

Iowa.... 

Ill , 

Kan  -.., 

Ill 

Ohio 

I'a 

Ky 

Ind 

Ky 

Pa- 

Mo 

Mich... 

Mich... 

Me 

Wis 

Ohio.... 

Ky 

Pa 

Pa 

Ohio.... 

Ohio.... 

Iowa... 

Dak.-.. 

N.C 

Pa 

N.  0 

Mass... 

Mo 

Wis 

Wis 

Dak 

Mich... 

Mich... 

N.  Y... 

N.  Y.... 

Wis 

Mo 

Ill 

Ill 

Mass.... 

Mass— 

Vt 

Md 

1  Mo 

IJll 

O'Jonn... 
OAhio— 
Oluiio-.. 

Pa-n- 

Va 

III... 

Ind...... 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind I 

Ind I 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Kan.-... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa 

Wis 

N.  0-... 
Ill 


1870.      1880. 


1  In  1871,  part  to  Uaynard. 
391 


*  In  1871,  part  to  Maynard. 


•  IiLl870,  part  to  Ash.  *  Since  1870,  area  red\  uced. 


POPULATION  OP   THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  KETURNS  OP   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Sugar  Grove tp. 

Sugar  Grove v. 

Sugar  Grove p.v. 

Sugar  Grove tp. 

Sugar  Grove tp. 

Sugar  Grove p.v. 

Sugar  Island tp. 

Sugar  Loaf p.tp, 

Sugar  Loaf tp. 

Sugar  Loaf. tp. 

Sugar  Loaf. tp. 

Sugar  Notch p.b. 

Sugar  Ridge tp. 

Sugar  Run p.v. 

Sugar  Tree  Ridge  ..p.h. 

Suggsville p.v. 

Suisun tp. 

Suisun  City p.v. 

Sullivan tp. 

Sullivan p.v. 

Sullivan tp. 

Sullivan p.v. 

Sullivan p.tp, 

Sullivan tp. 

Sullivan p.v. 

Sullivan p.tp 

Sullivan tp. 

Sullivan p.tp. 

Sullivan p.v. 

Sullivan p.tp, 

Sullivan tp. 

Sullivan tp. 

Sullivan p.tp, 

Sullivant tp. 

Sulphur  Bluff. p.h. 

Sulphur  Rock p.v. 

Sulpliur  Springs... .p.v. 
Sulphur  Springs....tp. 
Sulphur  Spriiig8....p.T. 

Sulphur  Station p.h. 

Sulphur  Well y. 

Sulphur  Well p.h. 

SuDimerfiold p.v. 

Sumnicrfield p.tp. 

Sunuuerfiold tp. 

Summorfield v. 

Sumnierfield p.r. 

Summcrford tp. 

Suinmorford p.T. 

Summer  Hill p.v. 

Summer  Hill p.tp. 

Summer  Hill tp. 

Summer  Hill p.b. 

Summer  Uill tp. 

Summerset tp. 

Sumuierget p.h. 

Sunmier  Shade p.v. 

Summcrsvillo h. 

Summersville v. 

Summersville v. 

Summerville p.T. 

Summcrville v. 

Summerville p.T. 

Summerville p.T. 

SuDimervillo h. 

Summerville p.T. 

Summerville v. 

Summit p.h. 

Summit  t tp. 

Summit p.v. 

Summit v. 

Summit. v. 

Summit p.h. 

Summit tp. 

Summit... tp. 

Summit tp. 

Summit tp. 

Summit tp. 

Summit tp. 

Summit. tp. 

Summit tp. 

Summit tp. 

Summit tp. 

Summit tp. 

Summit p.T. 

Summit tp. 

Summit t. 

Summit. tp. 

Summit p.T. 

Summit tp. 

Sammit..» p.T. 


County. 


Dallas 

Clark 

Fairfield 

Mercer 

Warren , 

Warren , 

Chippewa 

Rooks.. 

Alexander 

Columbia 

Luzerne 

Luzerne , 

Clay 

Bradford , 

Highland 

Clarke , 

Solano , 

Solano 

Moultrie , 

Moultrie , 

Livingston 

Sullivan , 

Hancock 

Polk 

Franklin 

Cheshire 

Madison 

Ashland , 

Ashland 

Tioga 

Laurens , 

Jackson , 

Jefferson 

Ford , 

Hopkins 

Independence . 

Henry , 

Rutherford 

Hopkins 

Henry , 

Jessamine 

Metcalfe 

St  Clair„ 

Clare 

Monroe 

Richmond 

Noble 

Madison 

Madison 

Pike 

Cayuga 

Cambria 

Cambria , 

Crawford 

Adair 

Warren 

Metcalfe , 

Macoupin 

Colleton 

Nicholas 

Chattooga.. 

Richmond 

Cass 

Jefferson , 

Susquehanna.., 

Charleston 

Caledonia 

Blount , 

Effingham , 

Cook 

Knox , 

Moultrie 

De  Kalb , 

Adair 

Clay 

Marion 

O'Brien  - 

Chautauqua...., 

Cloud , 

Marion 

Saline 

Jackson- 

Mason 

Steele 

Pike 

Bates... 

Macon 

Union 

Union 

Schoharie  „ 

Schoharie  « 


Iowa.... 
Ohio...., 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Mich  .. 
Kan .... 
N.  C... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Ind 

Pa 

Ohio.... 

Ala 

Cal 

Cal 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Me 

Minn .. 

Mo 

N.  H... 
N.  Y„.. 
Ohlo„.. 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

8.  C 

Wis 

Wis 

Ill- 

Tex 

Ark 

Ind 

N.  0 .... 

Tex 

Ky 

Ky 

Ky 

Ill 

Mich... 
Mich... 
N.  Y-.. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ill 

N.  y.... 

Pa_ 

Pa 

Pa 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 

Ky 

Ill 

S.C 

W.  Va. 

Ga. 

Ga 

Mich..., 

Pa 

Pa 

S.C.-.. 

Vt 

Ala , 

III 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa..., 
Iowa. .. 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 

Kan 

Kan  „.. 
Kan-.. 
Kan..,. 
Mich... 
Mich... 
Minn.. 
Miss.... 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  J-.. 
N.  J  „.. 
N.  Y.... 
N.  Y-.. 


Population. 


1870.       1880. 


254 

611 

1,729 


238 


707 
759 

1,240 
724 

1,140 


1,842 
462 

2,658 
742 
921 

1,396 
796 


347 
4,921 

825 


1,637 
2,132 


1,556 
141 


246 

067 
921 


1,464 


470 
935 


1,036 
762 


1,232 
439 


1,432 


1,484 


86:1 
267 
822 


1,176 


1,125 
146 

262 

655 

1,861 

492 

644 

333 

828 

872 

1,390 

1,582 

1,633 

111 

79 

134 

1,944 

654 

3,689 

1,305 

1,260 

2,161 

1,023 

178 

155 

382 

4,803 

795 

117 

1,345 

2,403 

400 

1,357 

717 

63 

188 

266 

1,188 

1,854 

96 

100 

58 

640 

195 

1,829 

179 

435 

968 

323 

142 

1,028 

619 

343 

1,202 

1,080 

97 

170 

78 

735 

165 

340 

1,328 

123 

348 

80 

636 

720 

82 

1,114 

272 

128 

121 

6G 

648 

231 

1,412 

161 

762 

977 

421 

148 

999 

387 

536 

1,604 

789 

1(J0 

1,910 

1,011 

1,405 

121 


Summit tp. 

Summit tp. 

Summit tp. 

Summit tp. 

Summit tp. 

Summit tp. 

Summit p.h. 

Summit p.T. 

Summit tp. 

Summit tp. 

Summit  Grove p.h. 

Summit  Lake .tp. 

Summit  Point -p.h. 

Summit  Station p.v. 

Summitville p.T. 

Sumniitville p.T. 

Summitville p.h. 

Summitville b. 

Sumner p.T. 

Sumner tp. 

Sumner p.T. 

Sumner tp. 

Sumner tp. 

Sumner p.v, 

Sumner tp. 

Sumner tp. 

Sumner tp. 

Sumner tp. 

Sumner tp. 

Sumner tp. 

Sumner p.tp, 

Sumner p.tp. 

Sumner p.tp. 

Sumner tp. 

Sumner tp. 

Sumner tp. 

Sumner p.h. 

Sumner tp. 

Sumner* -.tp. 

Sumneytowu .- p.T. 

Sumpter tp. 

Sumpter tp. 

Sumpter tp. 

Sumter p.tp. 

Sumter tp. 

Sumter tp. 

Sumter  0,  II p.T. 

Sunapee tp. 

Suuapee p.T, 

Su  nbury tp. 

Sunbury p.T. 

Sunbury T. 

Sunbury b, 

Sunbury p.b. 

Sun  City tp. 

Sun  City p.h. 

Suucook p.T. 

Sunderland p.tp, 

Sunderland ......p.tp. 

Sundown tp. 

Sunfield p.tp, 

Suufish tp. 

Sunman p.T. 

Sunny  Side p.h. 

Sunny  South v. 

Sun  Prairie tp. 

Sun  Pi-airie p.T. 

Sunrise tp. 

Sunrise h. 

Sunrise  City p.h. 

Sun  River p.h. 

Sunsbury -tp. 

Sunset p.T. 

Sunville p.b. 

Superior tp. 

Superior p.tp. 

Superior tp. 

Superior tp. 

SujKirior p.T. 

Superior tp. 

Superior p.tp. 

Surrey. tp. 

Surry tp. 

Surry p.T. 

Surry tp. 

Surry p.h. 

Susan  Bivcr tp. 

Susnnville p.tp. 

Suspension  Bridge. p.v. 

Susquehan  na tp. 

Susquehanna -.tp. 


County. 


Monroe- 

Butler 

Crawford 

Erie 

Potter 

Somerset 

Kent 

Iron 

Juneau 

Waukesha 

Vermilion 

Nobles 

Lexington 

Schuylkill 

Madison 

Sullivan 

Columbiana- 

Cambria 

Kern , 

Kankakee , 

Lawrence 

Warren- 

Bremer- , 

Bremer. 

Buchanan- 

Iowa 

Webster. 

Winneshiek , 

Osborne , 

Reno 

Sumner 

Oxford 

Gratiot , 

Fillmore 

Guilford 

Barron , 

Barron , 

Jefferson 

Trempealeau 

Montgomery 

Cumberland , 

Wayne , 

Sauk 

McLeod , 

Sumter 

Williamsburg 

Sumter 

Sullivan , 

Sullivan 

Livingston 

Delaware , 

Montgomery 

Butler 

Northumberland 

Barbour 

Barbour 

Merrimac- 

Franklin..... 

Bennington- , 

Redwood 

Eaton 

Pike , 

Ripley 

Spalding 

Placer 

Dane 

Dane 

Chisago 

Wasatch 

Chisago 

Lewis  and  Clarke. 

Monroe 

Apache 

Venango 

Dickinson 

McPherson 


Washtenaw.. 

Nuckolls , 

Williams 

Douglas 

Clare 

Hancock 

Hancock 

Cheshire 

Cheshire 

Lassen 

Lassen , 

Niagara , 

Cambria , 

Dauphin 


State. 


Ohio-.. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

B.  I.-., 
Utah... 
Wis .... 

Wis 

Ind...., 
Minn.. 

8.  C 

Pa , 

Ind  .... 
N.  Y„. 
Ohio..., 

Pa , 

Cal 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.. 
Iowa.., 
Iowa... 
Iowa.., 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Kan ... 
Kan-. 
Kan-. 

Me 

Mich.., 
Minn. 
N.  C-.. 
Wis.-. 
W^ig.-. 

Wis 

Wis.-. 

Pa 

Ill 

Mich.. 
Wis.-. 
Minn ... 
8.  C. 
8.  0.. 
8.  C. 
N.  II 
N.  H 
III.... 
Ohio. 
Ohio. 
Pa-.. 
Pa-.. 
Kan. 
Kan. 
N.  H 
Mass.... 

Vt 

Minn.. 
Mich..., 
Ohio-.. 

Ind 

Gft. 

Cal 

Wis-.., 
Wis.-.. 
Minn  .. 
Utah.... 
Minn  ... 
Mon-... 

Ohio 

Arizona 

Pa 

Iowa.., 
Kan  -. 
Kan  „. 
Mich.. 
Neb..., 
Ohio-. 
Wis...., 
Mich.. 

Me 

Me , 

N.  H.., 
N.  H... 
Cal .... 
Cal ...., 
N.  Y„.. 

Pa 

Pa 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


970 
1,304 
1,034 
1,047 

145 
1,493 

""ii'i 

722 
1,358 


177 


1,081 
672 
998 
582 


650 
692 
674 
909 


1,170 
816 
088 

1,120 


468 
889 


1,751 
1,106 
847 
315 
3,659 
1,079 
1,807 


891 
236 


216 
3,131 


832 
553 


1,106 
628 


984 
626 
240 


1,428 


966 
1,268 


1,627 
1,122 


1,242 

'"sis 


1,106 
2,264 


914 

1,266 

1,058 

1,047 

202 

1,851 

59 

123 

1,014 

1,138 

61 

68 

51 

153 

400 

223 

69 

139 

242 

1,014 

1,021 

948 

996 

285 

686 

811 

959 

863 

923 

630 

401 

1,014 

1,368 

900 

1,074 

479 

46 

632 

693 

193 

1,979 

1,445 

740 

740 

6,166 

2,757 

2,011 

895 

376 

997 

340 

119 

243 

4,077 

369 

81 

8,487 

765 

655 

231 

1,695 

976 

196 

42 

145 

92i 

697 

271 

48 

79 

78 

1,660 

161 

108 

95 

6:H 

1,881 

1,253 

458 

1,846 

655 

1,159 

1,184 

111 

326 

89 

135 

943 

!£,476 

949 

2,411 


I  In  1874,  part  to  Banner. 


1  Since  1870,  are*  reduced. 


395 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  TUE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PIm*. 


8n*qneh«niM tp. 

8lMi)a«hann»  ~ tp. 

SMqaebMin*  - p.b. 

81MMZ -p.v. 

SnaMX  0.  U .....p.h. 

Sntenrille p.T. 

SutberUnd  F»lla...p.T. 
Sutherland  Spriiigi>.p.T, 

Siitro ^ p.r. 

Sutter tp. 

Sutter tp. 

Sutter  Creek p.T. 

SuttoD ....p.tp. 

Sutton tp. 

Sutton p.T. 

Sutton tp. 

Sutton tp. 

Sutton p.b. 

Sutton r. 

Sutton's. tp. 

Suwanee p.T. 

Swain ~ p.T. 

Swainsborough p.T. 

Swampscott.. ....p.tp, 

Swan - tp. 

Swan tp. 

Swan p.T. 

Swan ....tp. 

Swan p.h. 

8wan~ p.tp. 

Swan tp. 

Swan  Creek p.T. 

Swau  Creek tp. 

Swan  Creek tp. 

Swander'g  Crossing.p.h, 

Swan  Lake p.v. 

Swau  Lake tp. 

Swan  Lake tp. 

Swan  L.iko  City p.h. 

Swannauoa p.tp. 

Swan  Quarter p.tp. 

Swan  Kiver tp. 

Swansborongh tp. 

SwaDsl>oroiigli p.T. 

Swansborougli t. 

Swansea p.tp. 

Swan's  Island isl. 

Swanton p.T. 

Swanton tp. 

Swau  ton tp. 

Swanton p.T. 

Swanville .p.tp. 

Swanyille p.ti. 

Swanzey tp. 

Swanzoy p.T. 

Swartswood p.b. 

Swartz  Creek p.T. 

Swatara. tp. 

Swatara. tp. 

Swatara p.T. 

Swede  Creek tp. 

Swede  GroTe tp. 

Swedeland T. 

Sweden- p.tp. 

Sweden.. tp. 

Sweden p.tp. 

Swede  Prairie tp, 

Swedesbo  rough p.T. 

flwedes  Forest tp. 

Swedona p.T. 

Sweet. tp. 

Sweet  Air p.h. 

Sweet  Air  Hill y. 

Sweet  Home tp. 

Sweet  Home p.h. 

Sweetland p.T. 

Sweetlund tp. 

Sweetacr's. p.T, 

Sweet  Valley p.T, 

Sweetwater p.T. 

Sweet  Water p.T. 

Swenoda p.tp, 

Swerdrup tp. 

Swift  Creek tp. 

Swift  Creek.. tp. 

Swift  Creek- tp. 

Swift  Creek- tp. 

Swifton p.b. 

Swift  Water h. 

Swimming  Pens tp. 

Swit«  City p.T. 

Switzerland tp. 

Sycamore tp. 

396 


Ooun^. 


Juniata - 

Lycoming 

Susquehanna 

Waukesha 

Sussex 

Westmoreland-.., 

Rutland- 

WilBon ~., 

Lyon 

Sacramento.- 

Sutter 

Amador , 

Worcester. 

Merrimac 

Merrlmac 

Meigs. 

Caledonia- 

Caledonia 

Braxton 

Williamsburg 

Gwinnett 

Alleghany 

Emanuel 

Essex 

Warren -... 

Noble 

Noble 

Marion 

Marion - 

Taney 

Vinton 

Warren 

Saginaw 

Fulton 

Shelby 

Turner 

Emmett 

Pocahontas 

Emmett 

Buncombe 

Hyde 

Morrison 

Onslow 

Onslow 

Chesterfield.- 

Bristol 

Hancock 

Fulton 

Lucas 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Waldo 

Erie 

Cheshire 

Cheshire 

Sussex 

Genesee 

Dauphin 

Lebanon 

Schnylkill 

Kiley. 

Meeker 

Montgomery 

Oxford 

Monroe.- 

Potter 

Yellow  Bledicine. 

Gloucester 

Redwood 

Mercer 

Pipe  Stone 

Baltimore- 

Baltimore 

Clarke 

Nodaway , 

NeTada 

Muscatine 

Grant- 

Luzerne 

Menard- 

Monroe 

Swift 

Otter  Tall- 

Edgecombe 

Pitt - 

Wake- 

Darlington 

Jackson 

Grafton 

Sumter - 

Greene , 

Monroe.- 

De  Kalb 


Population. 

8Ut«. 

1870. 

1880. 

Pa 

890 

733 

Pa 

340 

3:10 

Pa. 

2,729 

3,407 

WU 

131 

Va 

22 

Pa 

490 

Vt 

641 

Tex  ..... 

101 

NeT 

435 

Cal 

1,078 

1,4.56 

Cal 

1,075 

895 

Cal 

1,324 
3,106 

Mass.... 

2,C99 

N.n 

1,166 

993 

N.  H-... 

102 

Ohio 

4,369 

4,460 

Vt 

020 

838 

Vt 

97 

W.  Va... 

279 

S.O 

466 

779 

Go. 

216 

N.  Y 

183 

Ga. 

108 

186 

Mass.... 

1,846 

2,600 

Ill 

1,007 

1,137 

Ind 

1,295 

1,6:!0 

Ind 

134 

Iowa.... 

1,001 

1,000 

Iowa.... 

99 

Mo 

1,787 

1,239 

Ohio 

1,0C2 

1,095 

Ill 

121 

Mich.... 

427 

369 

Ohio 

1,100 

1,628 

Ohio 

67 

Dak 

49 

Iowa. ... 



61 

Iowa.... 

93 

66 

N.  C 

1,626 

1,238 

N.  C 

1,115 

1,178 

Minn  ... 

660 

N.  C 

1,475 

1,597 

N.  0 

141 

128 

Va. 

255 

Mass.... 

1,294 

1,355 

Me 

670 

705 

Ohio 

335 

Ohio 

447 

658 

Vt 

2,866 

3,079 

Vt 

1,200 

Me 

770 

703 

Pa 

93 

N.n.... 

1,626 

1,661 

N.  H..... 

120 

N.  J 



94 

Mich..,. 

132 

Pa 

1,991 

2,841 

Pa 

2,015 

1,249 

Pa. 

205 

Kan-,,. 

689 

Minn ... 

446 

657 

Pa 

691 

Me 

549 

474 

N.  Y 

4,558 

6,734 

Pa 

367 

410 

Minn ... 

162 

N.J 

894 

Minn... 

251 

Ill 

359 

213 

Minn ... 



167 

Md 

69 

Md 

911 

Mo 

1,000 

1,053 

Mo 

41 

Cal 

247 

Iowa.... 

1,510 

1,345 

Ind 

^„, 

246 

Pa. 

162 

Ill 

164 

677 

Minn ... 

200 

Minn ... 

276 

N.C.-... 

2,383 

2,228 

N.O 

1,800 

2,030 

N.  C-... 

1,445 

1,726 

S.C 

1,635 

1,706 

Ark._... 

66 

N.H 

62 

S.C 

1,634 

2,091 

Ind 

187 

Ohio 

1,342 

1,226 

Ill 

2,862 

4,109 

Plao«. 


Sycamore - e. 

Sycamore- tp. 

Sycamore tp. 

Sycamore tp. 

Sycamore tp. 

Sycamore p.T. 

Sycamore- tp, 

Sykes'  Island— isl, 

Sykesville p,v. 

Sylvan —tp. 

Sylvan p.tp. 

Sylvan p.tp. 

Sylvan  GroTe p.h. 

Sylvania p.v. 

Sylvania p.h. 

Sylvania tp. 

Sylvania h. 

Sylvania tp. 

Sylvania p.T. 

Sylvania p.b. 

Sylvania tp. 

Sylvester -p.h. 

Sylvester- p.tp, 

Symes tp. 

Symmes tp. 

Symmes p.tp, 

Symmes tp. 

Symmes  Corners.  ...p.v. 

Symsonla -...p.h. 

Syracuse tp. 

Syracuse p.T. 

Syracuse p.v. 

Syracuse c. 

Syracuse p.T. 

Taberg -p.T. 

Tabernacle tp. 

Tabernacle tp. 

Table  Bluff p.tp. 

Table  Mound tp. 

Table  Mountain v. 

Table  Rock p.tp. 

Table  Bock tp. 

Tabor. p.T. 

Tabor tp. 

Tacoma p.T. 

Taftsville - p.v. 

Taghkanick tp. 

Taghkanick p.h. 

Tahoe p.h, 

Tuinter p.tp, 

Taitsville p.v. 

Talbert -tp. 

Talbot p.h. 

Talbotton p.v. 

Talcottvillo p.v. 

Talcottville v. 

Talkington tp. 

Talladega p.T. 

Tallahassee c. 

Tallapoosa p.h. 

Tallassee p.v. 

Talleyrand p.h. 

Talleyrand tp. 

Tallmodgo p.tp. 

Tallmadge p.tp, 

Tallmadge p.T. 

Tallnla p.v. 

Tally  Ho tp. 

Talraadge tp. 

Tama tp. 

Tama  City p.T. 

Tamaqua p.b. 

Tamaroa p.v. 

Tampa p.v. 

Tanipico tp. 

Tampico p.y, 

Tampico t, 

Tamworth p.tp. 

Tanborg tp. 

Taney  town p.T. 

Tangent p.h. 

TanKipahoa p.v. 

Tanner's  Falls p.v. 

Tannersville p.v. 

Tansbo  rough p.v. 

Tanse h. 

Taopl p.T. 

Tappahannock p.v. 

Tara -.tp. 

Tarbellville h. 

Tarborough tp. 

Tarborough p.T. 

Tarentum p.b. 


Counter. 


Do  Kalb , 

Butler 

Montgomery . 

Hamilton 

Wyandot 

Wyandot 

Barnwell 

Accomack-.... 
Burlington.... 

Osceola 

Wnslitenaw.-. 

Richland 

Lincoln 

Scrivcn 

Parke- 

Scott 

Licking - 

Lucas 

Lucas 

Bradford 

Potter 

Mecosta. 

Green 

Stevens 

Edgar _.... 

Hamilton....... 

Lawrence...... 

Butler 

Graves 

Kosciusko 

Morgan 

Otoe 

Onondaga 

Moigs. 

Oneida 

Randolph 

Aiken 

Humboldt-.... 

Dubuque 

Esmeralda 

Sierra 

Siskiyou 

Fremont 

St.  Clair 

Pierce 

Windsor 

Columbia 

Columbia 

Placer 

Dunn 

Ray 

Edgefield- 

Benton 

Talbot 

Tolland 

Lewis 

Sangamon 

Talladega 

Leon 

Haralson 

Elmoro 

Keokuk. 

M'llson 

Ottawa 

Summit 

Summit 

Menard 

Granville 

Washington-. 

Tama 

Tama 

Schuylkill 

Perry 

IlilUbo  rough. 

Whiteside 

Whiteside 

Howard  - 

Carroll „.. 

Wilkin 

Carroll 

Linn 

Tangipahoa.... 

Wayne 

Monroe.- 

Camden 

Milam 

Mower 

Essex 

Swift 

Rutland 

Edgecombe.... 
Edgecombe..,. 
Alleghany ,,,, 


Btete. 


Ill 

Kan 

Kan 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

S.  C 

Va 

N.  J 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Wis 

Kan-.. 

Oa. 

Ind 

Mo 

Ohio-.. 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa. 

Pa 

Mich..., 

Wis 

Minn .. 

Ill 

Ohio.... 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.., 

Ky 

Ind 

Mo 

Neb 

N.  Y„.. 
Ohio-.., 
N.  Y„.. 

N.  C 

S.C 

Cal 

Iowa..., 

Nev 

Cal 

Cal 

Iowa..., 

Mo 

Wash... 

Vt 

N.  Y„.. 
N.  Y„.. 

Cal 

Wis 

Mo 

S.  C 

Ind 

Ga 

Conn... 
N.  Y„.. 

Ill 

Ala 

Fla 

Ga 

Ala 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Mich... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 

Ill 

N.  C...., 

Me 

Iowa... 
Iowa.... 

Pa 

Ill 

Fla..... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

N.H..., 
Minn .. 

Md 

Oregon 

La. 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  J 

Tex 

Minn .. 

Va 

Minn .. 

Vt 

N.  C._.. 

N.C 

Pa 


Population, 


1870.      1880. 


1,967 


647 

6,460 

850 


1,369 


43 

1,931 
888 


1,400 


212 

267 


1,034 


1,185 

1,377 

995 


227 


43,061 

1,273 

400 

1,296 

366 

408 

1,137 


769 
327 
310 


1,485 


1,117 


796 


973 
l,9a3 
2,023 


1,451 
1,277 


339 

2,138 

80 


1.161 

6,900 

9:n 

796 

634 


1,344 
"'4T3 
""238 


3,102 

1,340 

944 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  EETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPAKED. 


Place. 


County. 


Tariffville p.T. 

Tarkio _.p.tp, 

Tarkio „.p.tp, 

Tailton p.v. 

Tarr  Farm h. 

Tarrytown p.T. 

Tate tp. 

Tatoms -tp. 

Taunton c. 

Tans  Bay tp. 

Tawas tp. 

Tawas  City p.v. 

Taxsas p.h. 

Taycheedah tp. 

Taycheedah p.v. 

Taylor p.tp. 

Taylor tp. 

Taylor tp. 

Taylor tp. 

Taylor tp. 

Taylor tp. 

Taylor' tp. 

Taylor* tp. 

Taylor tp. 

Taylor tp. 

Taylor tp. 

Taylor tp. 

Taylor p.h 

Taylor tp. 

Taylor tp. 

Taylor tp. 

Taylor tp. 

Taylor p.tp, 

Taylor tp. 

Taylor tp. 

Taylor tp. 

Taylor tp. 

Taylor tp. 

Taylor tp. 

Taylor  Creek tp. 

Taylor  Mine v. 

Taylor's tp. 

Taylor's  Bridge p.tp. 

Taylor's  Fulls p.v. 

Taylor  Station p.h. 

Taylorstown p.h. 

Taylors  ville p.v. 

Taylorsville p.h. 

Taylorsville p.v. 

Taylorsville p.v. 

Taylorsville v. 

Taylorsville tp. 

Taylorsville p.v. 

Taylorsville h. 

Taylorsville h. 

Taylorsville v. 

Taylorsville p.v. 

Taylorsville v. 

Taylorsville p.T. 

Taylorsville h. 

Taylorsville h. 

Taylortown v. 

Taylorville tp. 

Taylorvillo p.v. 

Taymouth p.tp. 

Tazewell p.v. 

T.  B p.h. 

Tchula p.h. 

Teachey's p.h. 

Teanecic v. 

Teatickett v. 

Tebo tp. 

Tecoma p.h. 

Tecumseh p.v. 

Tecumseh tp. 

Tecnmsch p.v. 

Tecumseh tp. 

Tecumseh p.v. 

Tecumseh p.v. 

Tcegarden p.h. 

Tehama tp. 

Tehama p.v. 

Teheran p.h. 

Tekamah p.v. 

Tekonsha tp. 

TekoDBha -p.v. 

Tell tp. 

Tell  City p.v. 

Temecula p.tp. 

Tempe p.v. 

Temperanceville  ...p.v. 


Hartford 

Page 

Atchison 

Pickaway 

Venango 

Westchester- 

Clermont 

Columbus 

Bristol 

Darlington 

Iosco 

Iosco 

Whitman 

Fond  du  Lac 

Fond  du  Lac 

Ogle 

Greene 

Harrison 

Howard 

Owen 

Allamakee >. 

Appanoose 

Benton 

Dubuque 

Harrison 

Itlarshall 

Wayne 

Lafayette 

Greene 

Grundy 

Shelby 

Sullivan 

Cortland 

Union 

Blair 

Cambria 

Centre 

Fulton 

Lawrence 

Hardin , 

Ohio .., 

Wilson , 

Sampson 

Chisago 

Jackson 

Washington , 

Plumas- 

Bartow 

Bartholomew...., 

Spencer 

Bergen 

Alexander 

Alexander 

Brown , 

Highland , 

Muskingum , 

Bucks 

Indiana , 

Johnson 

Wilson , 

Juab 

Greene 

Christian 

Christian 

Saginaw , 

Claiborne 

Prince  George's, 

Holmes 

Duplin 

Bergen 

Barnstable 

Henry 

Elko 

Cherokee 

Shawnee 

Shawnee 

Lenawee 

Lenawee 

Johnson 

Marshall 

Tehama 

Tehama- 

Mason 

Burt 

Calhoun 

Calhoun 

Huntingdon 

Perry 

San  Diego 

Maricopa 

Belmont 


State. 


Population. 


Conn..., 
Iowa.... 

Mo 

Ohio-.. 

Pa 

N.  T.... 
Ohio-.. 
N.  C — 
Mass..... 

S.  C 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Wash... 

Wis 

Wis 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Mich.... 

Miss 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y 

Ohio-.., 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Ohio — 

Ky 

N.  C-... 

N.  0 

Minn ... 

Wis 

Pa 

Cal 

Ga 

Ind 

Ky 

N.  J.-.., 
N.  C„.... 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Tenn.... 
Tonn .. 
Utah..., 

Pa 

Ill 

Ill 

Mich... 
Tenn .. 

Md 

Miss-... 
N.  C-.. 
N.  J-.. 
Mass... 

Mo 

Nev.-.. 
Ala  ..... 
Kan .... 
Kan  „.. 
Mich... 
Mich... 

Neb 

Ind 

Cal 

Cal 

Ill 

Neb.-.. 
Mich... 
Mich... 

Pa 

Ind 

Cal 

Arizona 
Ohio. 


363 

1,120 

407 


2,678 

879 

18,629 


1,381 


1,522 


402 
1,677 
1,259 
1,745 

757 

863 
1,069 
3,331 
1,742 

525 


867 


920 

628 

1,016 

1,141 

1,368 

1,670 

612 

868 

736 

891 


665 
1,621 


1,078 
169 


2,180 


638 
346 


3,308 


2,' 
2,039 


1,024 

1,660 

140 


460 

929 

1,715 

425 

59 

3,025 

2,754 

1,247 

21,213 

1,091 

1,142 

712 

43 

1,376 

109 

362 

1,589 

1,316 

1,480 

807 

877 

724 

1,006 

1,668 

786 

610 

1,161 

86 

896 

479 

1,212 

856 

993 

1,367 

2,011 

1,372 

617 

988 

819 

1,189 

113 

782 

1,706 

1,007 

54 

95 

176 

95 

357 

637 

257 

1,360 

180 

77 

66 

601 

100 

106 

278 

65 

79 

143 

3,322 

2,237 

1,154 

342 

38 

90 

66 

238 

141 

1,725 

60 

242 

1,011 

169 

2,702 

2,111 

1,268 

97 

1,824 

328 

31 

776 

1,605 

497 

1,058 

2,112 

231 

135 

146 


PlftM. 


County. 


Temperanceville.. .p.v, 

Temple tp. 

Temple p.tp. 

Temple  Mills p.h. 

Templeton p.v. 

Templeton p.tp, 

Templeton tp. 

Templeton p.v. 

Templeville p.v. 

Tenafly p.v. 

Tenallytown p.T. 

Tenant's  Harbor  ...p.v. 

Tenhassen p.tp. 

Ten  Mile tp. 

Ten  Mile p.tp. 

Ten  Mile  Lake tp. 

Ten  Mile  Stand p.h. 

Tennessee tp. 

Tennessee p.v. 

Tennille p.h. 

Terraville p.v. 

Terrebonne p.tp. 

Terre  Haute p.v, 

Terre  Haute c. 

Terre  Haute p.v, 

Terre  Haute p.h. 

Terrell p.T. 

Terry p.T. 

Terry tp. 

Terry  ville p.T. 

Tete  des  Morts tp. 

Tetersburg h. 

Teutopolis tp. 

Teutopolis p.T. 

Tewksbury p.tp. 

Tewksbury tp. 

TewlotenoB v. 

Texana p.T, 

Texarkana c. 

Texas tp. 

Texas p.T, 

Texas p.tp. 

Texas tp. 

Texas tp. 

Texas h. 

Texas t. 

Texas tp. 

Texas tp. 

Thackeray p.T. 

Thayer p.T. 

Thebes p.T. 

The  Corner p.h. 

The  Plains p.T. 

Theresa tp, 

Theresa p.T. 

Theresa tp. 

Theresa p.T. 

Thetford tp. 

Thetford tp. 

Thetford p.T. 

Thetford  Centre  ....p.h. 

Thibodeaux p.v. 

Third  Creek tp. 

Thomas p.h. 

Thomas tp. 

Thomasborougb  ....p.v. 

Thomaston p.tp, 

Thomaston p.v. 

Thomaston -.p.tp. 

Thomaston v. 

Thomastown tp. 

Thomastown tp. 

Thomastown p.v. 

Thomasville p.T. 

Thomasville p.h. 

Thomasville tp. 

Thomasville p.v. 

Thompson tp. 

Thompson p.v. 

Thompson tp. 

Thompson tp. 

Thompson tp. 

Thompson tp. 

Thompson tp. 

Thompson tp. 

Thompson p.tp. 

Thompson tp. 

Thompson tp. 

Thompson p.h. 

Thompson  Bun  ...-T. 
Thompson's tp. 


Accomack 

Franklin 

Hillsborough 

Franklin 

Benton 

Worcester 

Atchison 

Armstrong 

Queen  Anne 

Bergen 

Washington 

Knox 

Martin 

Mendocino 

Macon 

Lac  Qui  Parle 

Meigs 

McDonough 

McDonough 

Washington 

Lawrence 

Polk 

Henderson 

Vigo 

Decatur 

Tutnam 

Kaufman 

Hinds 

Bradford 

Litchfield 

Jackson , 

Tipton 

Effingham 

Effingham 

Middlesex 

Hunterdon 

San  Miguel 

Jackson 

Miller 

De  Witt 

Baltimore 

Kalamazoo 

Dent 

Crawford 

I,.ancaster 

Westmoreland ... 

Wayne 

Marathon 

Hamilton 

Neosho 

Alexander 

Ulster. 

Fauquier 

Jefferson 

Jefferson 

Dodge 

Dodge 

Genesee 

Orange.- 

Orange 

Orange 

La  Fourche 

Gasconade 

Oakland 

Kipley 

Champaign.- 

Litchfield. 

Upson 

Knox 

Schuylkill 

Saginaw 

Wadena 

Summit. 

Thomas 

Oregon 

Davidson 

Davidson 

Windham 

Windham 

Jo  Daviess 

Guthrie 

Iosco 

Sullivan 

Fulton 

Delaware 

Geauga 

Seneca 

Susquehanna 

Susquehanna 

Alleghany 

Alamance 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


Va 

Me 

N.  H 

Me 

Ind 

Mass 

Mo 

Pa 

Md 

N.  J 

D.  C 

Me 

Minn.., 

Cal 

Mo 

Minn.., 
Tenn  .., 

Ill 

Ill 

Ga 

Dakota 
Minn.. 

Ill- 

Ind 

Iowa.,.. 

Mo 

Tex 

Miss 

Pa 

Conn..- 
Iowa. ... 

Ind 

Ill 

Ill 

Mass.... 

N.J 

N.  Mex. 

Tex 

Ark 

Ill 

Md 

Mich.... 

Mo 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa- 

Pa. 

Wis 

Ill 

Kan 

Ill 

N.Y 

Va 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Wis 

Wis 

Mich.... 

Vt 

Vt 

Vt 

La. 

Mo 

Mich.... 

Mo 

Ill 

Conn.... 

Ga. 

Me 

Pa 

Mich.... 
Minn... 
Ohio-... 

Ga. 

Mo 

N.  C 

N.  C 

Conn.... 
Conn ... 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Mich.... 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

N.  C 


640 
421 


2,802 
974 


1,518 


2,126 


16,103 


1,079 


920 


1,033 


1,944 
2,327 


1,064 


1,109 
870 
6G6 


4,449 

284 


2,364 

798 

2,248 


1,260 
1,613 


1,922 
1,228 


3,092 


1,651 


2,517 

214 

3,804 


800 
671 


3,514 

649 

866 

1,095 

2,070 

701 


776 


136 

680 

402 

99 

107 

2,789 
986 
163 
101 

1,019 
376 
680 
227 
869 
984 
211 
66 

1,083 
262 
99 
776 
155 
160 
26,042 
110 
57 

2,003 
198 

1,286 
776 
909 
87 
952 
604 

2,179 

2,108 
176 
152 

3,223 
951 
649 

1,012 

943 

687 

GO 

410 

4,250 
458 
146 
311 
114 
39 
138 

2,389 
882 

2,018 
277 

1,400 

1,529 

100 

98 

1,515 

1,267 
98 
241 
121 

3,226 
670 

3,017 
321 

1,048 
251 
360 

2,566 
74 

3,057 
450 

6,051 
244 
948 

1,058 
81 

3,763 
732 
851 

1,021 

1,901 
656 
249 
2-20 

1,280 


1  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


S  Since  1870,  area  reduced 


897 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PUm. 


Thompson's tp. 

Tlioui|wou'sStatioD.p.Y. 

Thumjisontuwu p.b. 

Tlu>m|>sonvillo p.*. 

TliomiMonville p.r. 

Tli(>ui|isourillo b. 

TliomiMonville p.h. 

ThouiMon ........p.T. 

Thomson »p.T. 

Thomson tp. 

Thiinixou p.T. 

Thonmpple ......tp. 

Tlionibiirg p.b. 

Thoriibury —p.tp, 

Thurnbury _.tp. 

Thorn  Creek tp. 

Thorudike tp. 

Thorndike p.h. 

ThomdJke p.r. 

Thome tp. 

Thorn  edale .r. 

Thorn  port v. 

Thornton tp. 

Thornton p.T. 

Thornton p.tp. 

Thornton p.T. 

Thornton p.h. 

Thornton's  Ferry. ..p.T. 

Thorntown p.T, 

Thorn  ville p.T. 

Thorp p.tp, 

Three  Bridges p.T. 

Three  Creeks p.T. 

Three  Forks h. 

Three  Lukes tp. 

Three  Locusts p.T. 

Three  Mile tp. 

Three  Mile  Bay p.T. 

Three  Oaks tp. 

Three  Oaks „p.T. 

Three  Ponds t. 

Three  RWers p.r. 

Throe  lUvers p.T. 

Three  Springs p.h. 

Throe  Springs p.b. 

Three  Tuns h. 

Throckmorton p.h. 

Throop -.._tp. 

Throopvllle p.T. 

Tliiirman p.h. 

Thurman p.tp. 

Thurston tp. 

Thyatira p.h. 

Tiblow „.p.h. 

Tickfaw p.h. 

Ticonderoga p.tp. 

Ticonderoga  L.  Falls.Y. 
Ticonderoga  U.  Falls.T. 

Tidioute p.b. 

Tiffany ......tp. 

Tiffin p.h. 

Tiffin tp. 

Tiffin „ tp. 

Tiffin ...c. 

Tifton h. 

Tigers  Fork tp. 

Tilden _.p.h. 

Tilden _.tp. 

Tilden „ „tp. 

Tilden „.tp. 

Tileton T. 

Tilghmanton t. 

Tillman's  Station  ..p.h. 

Tilton p.T. 

Tilton T. 

Tilton p.h. 

Tilton tp. 

Tilton p.T. 

Timber .tp. 

Timber  Creek p.tp. 

Timber  nill tp. 

Tiniberville p.T. 

Timbuctoo p.h. 

Tinibuctoo t. 

Time -p.T. 

TimmonsTille tp. 

TimmonsTille p.T. 

Timonium p.r. 

Timimnog^ p.T. 

Tingley ....tp. 

TlnifiBW .~..^. 


Connty. 


Robeson >...., 

WilliamsQii...... 

Juniata........... 

Hartford 

Franklin... 

Perry 

Washington-.... 

McDuffie.- 

Carroll 

Carlton 

Carlton. 

Barry 

Keokuk. 

Chester- 

Delaware 

Whitley 

Waldo „.... 

Waldo 

Hampden  - 

Perry 

SulliTau 

Perry 

Cook 

Cook 

Grafton 

Limestone 

Taylor 

Ilillsborough... 

Boone 

Perry , 

Clark 

Hunterdon 

Union 

Boane 

Bed  wood , 

Marion 

Barnwell 

Jefferson 

Berrieu 

Berrien 

Straff^ord , 

Hampden  - 

St.  Joseph 

Hart 

Huntingdon 

Burlington 

Throckmorton. 

Cayuga 

Cayuga 

Newton , 

Warren 

Steuben- 

Tate 

Wyandotte 

Tangipahoa-..., 

Essex , 

Kvtex , 

Essex- , 

Warren- , 

Dunn , 

Johnson 

Adams 

Defiance , 

Seneca 

Fillmore 

Shelby , 

Randolph- 

Cherokee.- , 

Osborne 

Marquette , 

Shelby 

Washington 

Claiborne , 

Whitfield.- 

Vermilion 

Fleming 

Belknap 

Belknap 

Peoria , 

Marshall 

Bourbon 

Rockingham .... 

Yuba 

Burlington , 

Pike 

Darlington , 

Darlington 

Baltimore 

Wasatch 

Ringgold 

Buckj .»...., 


N.  0-.. 
Teuu .., 

Pa. 

Conn... 

Ill 

Ohio-.. 

Pa- 

Ga- 

Ill 

Minn.. 
Minn .. 
Mich... 
Iowa... 

Pa. 

Pa 

Ind 

Me 

Me 

Mass... 
Ohio-.. 

Pa 

Ohio-.. 

HI 

Ill 

N.  H-.. 
Tex.-.. 
W.  Va 
N.  H... 

Ind 

Ohio.... 

Wis 

N.  J-.. 
Ark.-.. 
W.Va.. 
Minn.. 
Ohio-.. 

S.  0 

N.  Y-.. 
Mich... 
Mich... 
N.  H... 
Mass..., 
Mich... 

Ky 

Pa- 

N.  J-... 

Tex 

N.Y-.. 
N.  Y-.. 

Mo 

N.  Y„.. 
N.  Y-.. 
MUs-.. 
Kan.... 

La 

N.  Y_.. 
N.  Y.... 
N.  Y-.. 

Pa. 

Wis.-.. 
Iowa... 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Minn .. 

Mo 

Ill 

Iowa... 

Kan 

Mich... 
Ohio-.. 

Md 

Miss-.. 

Ga 

Ill 

Ky 

N.  H.... 
N.  H..., 

Ill 

Iowa..., 
Kan.... 

Va 

Cal 

N.  J 

111 

8.0 

S.  0..... 

Md 

Utah... 
Iowa... 
Pa. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


1,708 

""ijsb 


163 
"i',79& 


235 

890 

1,343 

730 


1,729 


2,222 
301 
810 


1,626 


1,087 
417 

1,316 
499 


1,189 
""l89 


1,302 


1,084 
1,216 


2,690 
1,638 


1,868 
1,080 
6,648 


125 
1,147 


1,707 

886 

1,036 


1,658 

477 


112 
8,401 


2,734 

136 

276 

3,794 

172 

62 

28 

700 

380 

SI  9 

266 

1,946 

65 

262 

943 

1,488 

713 

67 

1,156 

1,900 

121 

125 

3,337 

401 

776 

182 

65 

107 

1,515 

269 

257 

166 

182 

79 

102 

108 

1,824 

1,041 

1,393 

474 

298 

1,306 

2,525 

75 

239 

48 

37 

1,188 

110 

86 

1,174 

1,366 

36 

62 

73 

3,304 

1,198 

697 

1,255 

413 

47 

2,212 

1,626 

7,879 

46 

1,163 

83 

217 

662 

802 

103 

171 

50 

206 

297 

94 

1,282 

691 

1,774 

994 

l,2U 

112 

86 

108 

182 

1,541 

557 

262 

277 

616 

2,346 


Place. 


TInicum tp. 

Tinmouth p.tp. 

Tinuey's  GroTe p.h. 

Tioga _...tp. 

Tioga tp. 

Tioga »..tp. 

Tioga „...p.b. 

Tiona p.h. 

Tionesta » tp. 

Tionesta p.b. 

Tippecanoe tp. 

Tippecanoe tp. 

Tip|)ecanoe tp. 

Tippecanoe tp. 

Tippecanoe tp. 

Tlpi>ecanoe tp. 

Tippecanoe  City... .p.T. 

TippinsTllle h. 

Tipton -tp. 

Tipton p.T. 

Tipton -p.T. 

Tipton tp. 

Tipton p.T. 

Tiptonville p.T. 

TiptonTille -p.T. 

Tiro p.h. 

Tisbury tp. 

Tisdale p.tp, 

Tiskilwa _.p.T. 

Tittabawagsee tp. 

Tittabiiwassee t. 

Titusville p.T. 

Tltusville h. 

Titusville c. 

Tiverton tp. 

Tiverton h. 

Tiverton —p.tp. 

Tiverton  4  Corners. p.h. 

Tivoli p.T. 

Tivoli p.T. 

Toadtown h. 

Toana p.T. 

Tobasco p.T. 

Tobin ...tp. 

Toboyne tp, 

Toby -tp. 

Tobyhanna tp. 

Tobyhanna  Mills-. p.T. 

Toccoa „.p.T. 

Todd tp. 

Todd „...tp. 

Todd tp. 

Todd'g  Point tp. 

Todd's  Point p.h. 

Todd's  Valley p.T. 

Toe  River tp. 

Toisnot tp. 

Toisnot » p.T. 

Tokna tp. 

Toledo -p.  v. 

Toledo tp. 

Toledo -p.T. 

Toledo -p.tp, 

Toledo -c. 

Toleston p.T. 

Tolland ......tp. 

Tolland p.T. 

Tolland „.p.tp, 

Tolouo tp. 

Tolono .p.T. 

Tom tp. 

Tomah tp. 

Tomah -..p.T. 

Tomales „ tp. 

Tombstone -p.  v. 

Tompkins tp. 

Tompkins p.tp. 

Tompkins  1 tp. 

Tompkinsville p.h. 

Tumpki  nsvil  le p.T. 

Tom's  Brook p.h. 

Tonawanda tp. 

'Tonawaiida p.v. 

Tonganoxie tp. 

Tonganoxie p.T. 

Tongue  Point h. 

Tonlca p.v. 

Tonti tp. 

Tontogauy p.T. 

Tooele -.p.v. 

ToolsLiorough p.T. 


County. 

State. 

Population. 

1870. 

1880. 

Pa. 

Vt 

Mo 

Kan 

N.  Y 

Pa- 

Pa 

Pa- 

147 

689 

997 

3,272 

1,074 

440 

224 
6:)2 
48 

1.861 

3.192 

l,-.i58 

620 

M 

522 

4(19 

1,174 

1  ,:'>23 

Rutland 

Ray 

Tioga. 

Tioga 

ForeBt 

Pa 

Pa. 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Ohio 

Kan  „... 

450 
320 
1,109 
1,236 
1,165 
833 
2.274 
1,750 
1,204 

Forost 

ChitoU «„ 

Maruhall 

l,4;il 

PnlaakI 

944 

2,18il 

1,490 

Miami 

1,401 
42 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Mo 

1,808 
892 

1,246 
397 

1,982 

1,250 

Ctfdar 

1,299 

Hardin  « 

718 

089 

N.  Mex. 

128 

Lake« 

948 

Ohio.... 

90 

Oukes 

Mass.... 

Kan 

111 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

N.J 

N.  Y-... 

Pa 

Ohio 

Ohio 

1,636 

761 

864 

'"8,639 
804 

1,518 

Ck)\vley 

849 
763 

1,508 

203 

219 

Dutchess ^.. 

79 

9,048 

940 

30 

R.I 

R.  I 

1,898 

2,508 

97 

N.  Y-... 
Pa 

452 

1,254 

127 

Cal 

60 

Klko 

NeT.-... 
Ohio-... 

Ind 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa. 

Ga. 

"2*34'5 

914 

1.140 

477 

123 

128 

Perry 

2,244 

853 

1,272 

838 

698 

079 

Ohio.... 

Pa 

Pa. 

Ill„ 

1,166 
634 
781 

1,099 

Fulton 

626 

Huntingdon 

Shelby 

848 
507 

Shelby   

Ill_ 

47 

Cal 

228 

Mitchell 

N.C 

N.  C-... 
N,  C-... 
Minn ... 
Ark 

619 
1,271 

1.105 

"Wilson 

2.017 

Wilson 

313 

Big  Stone 

269 

143 

Tama 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Ohio-... 
Ind 

1,579 

888 

368 

31,584 

1,748 

Tama ^ 

Chase «... 

1,028 

981 

60.137 

Lake 

298 

Tolland 

Conn.... 
Conn ... 
Mass.... 

Ill 

111-. 

Mo 

Wis 

Wis-.~. 

Cal 

Arizona 

III 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

Ala 

1,216 

609 

1,413 

777 
799 

1,666 
837 

1,121 

1,169 

Tolland 

229 

452 

1,85{ 

905 

812 

2.106 

1,245 

1.080 

973 

2,245 
1,262 
4,046 

1,994 

Jackson...^ 

1,270 
2,.534 

57 

Ky 

Va 

218 

248 

70 

Erie 

N.  Y — 
N.  Y-... 
Kan 

Kan 

3,039 
"*l',66o 

4,909 

Erie 

3,8C4 

Leavenworth 

1,83' 
42J 

Oregon. 
Ill 

85 

La  Salle 

504 

Ill 

900 

Wood 

Ohio-... 
Utah.... 
Iowa.... 



343 

918 

Louisa 

105 

898 


1  In  1880,  part  to  Deposit. 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  TILLAGES  OF   THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


County. 


Toomsborongh p.T. 

Toomsuba „„....p.v. 

Tooue's  Station p.v. 

Topeka ph. 

Topeka ......c. 

Topeka ....tp. 

Topsfield -tp. 

Topsfield p.tp. 

Toieham P-tp. 

Topeliam tp. 

Top«bam « ~p.'. 

Topton P-b. 

Toquenrille p.T. 

Torch  Lake tp. 

Torch  Lake p.h. 

Tordeuskjold „.p.tp, 

Ti>ruing „..tp. 

Toronto tp. 

Toronto p.h. 

Torre/ tp. 

Torrington _...p.tp, 

Tottenville p.v, 

Toughkenamon p.T. 

Toulon tp. 

Toulon p.T. 

Towamcnsing tp. 

Towamensing tp. 

Towanda ~tp. 

Towanda _p.T. 

Towanda -tp. 

Towanda „p.h. 

Towanda tp. 

Towanda p.b. 

Towanda tp. 

Tower h. 

Tower  City _.p.T. 

Tower  Hill tp. 

Tower  Hill p.T. 

Towerrille p.h. 

Towles  Mills t. 

Town  Bluff. p.h. 

Town  Creek p.T. 

Town  Creek ptp.' 

Towner  Hill h. 

Towner's p.T. 

Town  Hill p.h. 

Town  Mount tp. 

Townsend p.T. 

Townsend tp. 

Townsend P-tp. 

Townsend tp. 

Townsend p.T. 

Townsend  Centre  _t. 
Townsend  Harbor_p.T. 

Townsend  Inlot p.T. 

Townshend ...._tp. 

Townsbend _.,_p.T. 

Townsville _tp. 

Townville p.b. 

TownTille p.T. 

Towsontown p.T. 

Tracy „...p.T. 

Tracy h. 

Traders'  Point p.h. 

Trading  rest p.T. 

Traer .....p.T. 

Trafalgar p.T. 

Trail  Creek „tp. 

Tram  Hollow t. 

Tranquillity p.h. 

Transit .p.tp, 

Transitville 

Trap  Hill 

Trapp 

Trappe 

Trappers'  Oalch 

Trautsburg _t. 

Traverse _.tp. 

Traverse _.tp. 

Traverse  City p.T. 

Travisville „...„t. 

Treasure  City Ji. 

Tredyffria tp. 

Tremont „ tp. 

Tremont _ tp. 

Tromoiit _ p.T. 

Tremont p.tp. 

Tremont tp. 

Tremont T. 

Tremont _ p.b. 

Tt«iBont~.^„.......^ 


p.T 
..p.tp. 
..p.h. 

..p.T. 


'Wilkinson ■ 

Lauderdale 

Hardeman 

Mason 

Shawnee 

Shawnee 

Washington- 

Essex 

Sagadahoc 

Orange .« 

Orange 

Berks- 

Kane-. 

Antrim 

Antrim- 

Otter  Tall 

Swift. 

Woodson 

Woodson 

Yates 

Litchfield 

Uichmund 

Chester- ~._ 

Stark _ 

Stark — 

Carbon 

Montgomery 

McLean- ~.... 

McLean- 

Batler. 

Butler ~. 

Phillips 

Bradford 

Bradford 

Deer  Lodge- 

Cass 

Shelby „ 

Shelby „ „ 

Crawford 

Placer 

Tyler- 

Lawrence  - 

Brunswick 

Essex 

Pntnam- 

Lnzeme 

Franklin 

New  Castle 

Huron „ 

Sandusky- 

Middlesex- 

Middlesex- , 

Huron 

Middlesex........ 

Cape  May 

Windham 

Windham „ 

Granville- 

Crawford 

Anderson- „ 

Baltimore- 

Lyon.- , 

Platte ., 

Marion............. 

Linn 

Tama- _ 

Johnson.. ........ 

Harrison 

McKean -... 

Adams 

Sibley 

Tippecanoe 

Wilkes „ 

Londonn «... 

Talbot. 

Beaver  Head  .... 

Crawford 

Grand  Traverse. 

Nicollet- „... 

Grand  Traverse. 

Richmond - 

White  Pino-. 

Chester.- „.. 

Solano 

'Tazewell 

Tazewell 

Hancock .......... 

Buchanan- 

Clark 

Schuylkill „ 

Schuylkill....... 


Population. 


1870.     1880. 


Ga„... 
Miss. 
Tenn.... 

Ill 

Kan 

Kan 

Me 

Mass.... 

Me 

Vt 

Vt 

Pa 

Ctah.... 
Mich.... 
Mich..- 
Minn». 
Minn  — 

Kan 

Kan...„ 

N.  y 

Conn.... 

N.  Y 

Pa. 

HI 

Ill 

Pa. „ 

Pa. 

Ill 

Ill 

Kan — 

Kan 

Kan 

Pa 

Pa- 

Mon-... 
Dakota. 

Ill 

III- 

Wis 

Cal 

Tex..... 

Ala. 

N.C 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Pa. 

Ill 

Del 

Ohio-... 
Ohio.... 
Mass.» 
Mass.... 

Ohio 

Mass.- 

N.J 

Vt 

Vt 

N.C 

Pa 

S.  C. 

Md 

Minn... 

Mo 

Ind. 

Kan..... 
Iowa... 

Ind. 

Mo.. 

Pa 

Ohio 

Minn.. 

Ind 

N.  C 

Va 

Md . 

Mon-... 

Ind 

Mich.... 
Minn.. 
Mich... 
N.  Y... 

Nev 

Pa. 

Cal 

III. . 

IlL 

Me 

Mo 

Ohio-.. 

Pa. 

Pa 


5,790 
1,079 
463 
1,213 
1,498 
1,418 


264 
269 


1,281 
2,893 


2,060 

904 

913 

1,209 

1,235 


697 


2,696 
916 


MVS 


1,780 


1,300 
1,290 
1,962 


1,171 


8,187 
280 


1,085 


424 

"vn 
"in 


[ 


1,275 
637 


1,897 
640 

1,365 
437 

1,822 

1,106 


1,709 
754 


183 

118 

196 

98 

15,452 

2,233 

440 

1,166 

IJbH 

1,366 

136 

615 

371 

170 

93 

444 

356 

653 

88 

1,24.5 

3,327 

1,147 

241 

2,067 

967 

931 

1,282 

1,255 

261 

662 

53 

257 

3,814 

1,142 

85 

159 

1,478 

391 

38 

225 

73 

150 

8,392 

70 

113 

90 

1,164 

199 

1,405 

1,697 

1,967 

1,142 

175 

296 

309 

1,099 

215 

8,607 

610 

105 

1,316 

322 

79 

16 

144 

1,100 

402 

922 

231 

42 

627 

175 

1,653 

36 

801 

228 

100 

2,679 

550 

1,897 

304 

44 

1,975 

636 

1,235 

417 

2,011 

1,318 

279 

1,785 

1,001 


Place. 


Trempealeau  t tp. 

Trempealeau -.p.T, 

Trent tp. 

Trenton p.T. 

Trenton p.T. 

Trenton T, 

Trenton tp. 

Trenton p.T. 

Trenton tp. 

Trenton p.T. 

Trenton p.T, 

Trenton tp. 

Trenton p.h. 

Trenton p.v. 

Trenton tp. 

Trenton tp, 

Trefiton p.T. 

Trenton ...c. 

Trenton ..tp. 

Trenton p.T, 

Trenton p.T. 

Trenton p.T. 

Trenton tp. 

Trenton t. 

Trenton p.T. 

Trenton tp. 

Trenton p.tp. 

Trenton tp. 

Trenton  Falls p.T, 

Tresckow p.T. 

Trescott ...tp, 

Trexlertown ...p.T. 

Trezevant p.T, 

Triadelphia -p.T, 

Triana -.p.T. 

Triangle ..tp. 

Triangle ..p.T. 

Trickum —p.b, 

Trimbelle tp. 

Trimbelle .p.h. 

Trimble ....tp. 

Trimble 

Trinidad..... 
Trinidad..... 
Trinidad,... 
Trinity. 


County. 


..p.T. 
,.tp. 
..p.T. 
.p.v. 
_p.T, 


Trinity _ -tp. 

Trinity -t. 

Trinity  Centre p.tp. 

Trinity  Mills -p.h. 

Trinity  Station p.T, 

Trioii  Factory .p.T, 

Triplett tp. 

Triplett p.T. 

Tripoli »p.h. 

Triumph .._»tp. 

Triumph .,.._T. 

Trivoli .tp. 

Trivoli .p.T, 

Trondbjem  ,....,.-tp. 
Trotwood .....-.,.. -p.h, 

Troup p.T, 

Troopeburg ».-tp. 

Troupsburg -p.T. 

Trout  Creek ...p.b. 

Trontman _...t. 

Troutmsn's .,,-p.h. 

Trout  Run p.T. 

Trowbridge ....tp. 

Troxelville  ..........p.b. 

Troy „ .....c 

Troy — ..-p.T. 

Troy tp. 

Troy... tp, 

Troy-. _ tp. 

Troy_ - tp. 


Troy_ 

Troy- - 

Troy- ~, 

Troy- 

Troy .... 

Troy — .»-. 
Troy- 


...p.T. 
-..tp. 
-..tp. 

-..p.T. 
...tp. 
„.tp, 
,.tp. 


Troy— p.T, 

Troy— tp. 

Troy.- p.tp. 

Troy.- „ ^. 

Troy.- p.tp. 

Troy.-.,... tp. 

Troy-...~~. tp. 

Troy_........^.....pJi, 


Trempealeau Wis.... 

Trempealeau Wis... 

Lenoir N.  C... 

Dade. Ga 

Clinton Ill 

Blackford Ind.... 

Henry „ Iowa.. 

Henry Iowa.. 

Edwards. Kan.. 

Todd Ky — 

Ouachita La-... 

Hancock Me.._. 

Baltimore- Md... 

Wayne Micb.~. 

Big  Stone  - Minn  .„ 

Grundy. Mo 

Grundy. Mo 

Mercer «...  N.  J— .. 

Oneida N.  Y_.„ 

Oneida „ N.  Y 

Jones N.  C 

Butler Ohio... 

Delaware.- Ohio 

Tuscarawas Ohio... 

Gibson Tenn... 

Dodge Wis 

Pierce Wis 

Washington. Wis...... 

Oneida _ N.Y 

Carbon _ Pa. 

Washington......  Me...... 

Lehigh Pa 

Carroll Tenn — 

Ohio W.  Ya. 

Madison. Ala 

Broome.. ..-..  N.  Y — 

Broome............   N.  Y.,.. 

Harrison Ky 

Pierce — ..  Wis 

Pierce Wis..... 

Athens...>_ Ohio — . 

Athens Obio.~ 

Humboldt-- Cal 

Humboldt- Cal 

Las  Animas. Col...... 

Catahoula.... La- 

Randolph  _ N.  C 

Randolph. N.C... 

Trinity. - Cal 

Dallas Tex..... 

Morgan....^ Ala.... 

Chattooga. ......  Ga...... 

Chariton Mo 

Chariton «...   Mo 

Bremer—.... Iowa... 

Warren ..........   Pa...., 

Warren Pa....... 

Peoria Ill 

Peoria Ill 

Otter  Tail  - Minn  „. 

Montgomery ......   Obio...- 

Smith Tex.„„ 

Stenben N.  Y... 

Steuben- N.  Y-.. 

Delaware........   N.  Y__ 

Butler —   Pa. — .. 

Iredell N.C 

Lycoming- Pa.»« 

Allegan Mich... 

Snyder......—..   Pa-.... 

Pike ~~— .,   Ala 

Madison........—   III....... 

Will Ill 

De  Kalb.. Ind 

Fountain. Ind 

Perry- Ind 

Perry- Ind,.,.., 

Whitley.. Ind 

Clarke.............  Iowa... 

Davis  -. Iowa.— 

Iowa.. — ....  Iowa... 

Monroe- Iowa.,. 

Wright— Iowa.... 

Doniphan... Kan..... 

Reno Kan- 
Waldo Me 

Newaygo Mich..., 

Oakland Mich- 
Pipe  Stone Minu., 

Renville j  Minn... 

Winona- Mius.., 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


2,086 


761 
223 


1,435 


221 
429 
678 


2,934 

920 

22,874 

3,156 
294 


340 

907 

292 

1,909 

1,735 

304 

2,035 


1,944 


633 
'i'^79 


662 


1,234 


2,281 


1,337 
T,058 


918 
600 
S,15« 
6,086 
480 
894 
426 


862 

2,490 

248 

639 

'i^ioi 


1,667 
615 
949 
256 

1,188 
124 

1,372 
181 
233 
152 
^28 
i>39 
68 

1,103 
138 

4,477 

3,312 
29,910 

3,097 
289 
149 
377 
899 
314 

1,383 

1,624 
73T 

1,890 
138 
676 
652 
S8S 
327 
313 
146 

2,073 
167 
28 

1,143 
70 

1,367 
121 
613 
104 

2,228 
228 

1,518 
240 
279 
60 
143 
613 

1,168 
2(0 
86 

1,100 
148 

1,136 
103 
633 
99 
362 

2,494 
196 
00 
320 
71 
281 

1,437 
72 

2,294 
643 

1,035 
606 

3,061 

6,495 
495 
924 

1,083 
213 
956 

3,706 
491 
C94 
181 

1,069 
185 

1,686 
176 
167 
70 


*  In  187i,  put  to  Dodge. 


399 


POPULATION  OP  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PlMtk 


Troy......^ .~>-p.r. 

Troy ...........^-tp. 

Trojr ..^.....»M..p.T. 

Tro7«. .^ ~..o. 

Troy— .....~.. .^tp. 

Troy- — .~.p.T. 

Troy— ......... ....~..tp. 

Tn>y-...._^ p.T. 

Troy- ....„...~..tp. 

Troy- .^.........tp. 

Troy„ ~ ~..tp. 

Tr«y-.....«.......~..p.T. 

Troy- .....tp. 

Troy- ~..tp. 

Troy- » ~..tp. 

Truy— .^ tp. 

Troy„ ~. _..p.b. 

Troy- ~. tp. 

Troy— ~~ ....p.T. 

Troy p.tp, 

Troy- « p.h. 

Troy- tp. 

Troy_ tp. 

Troy p.tp. 

Troy  Groro ..._tp. 

Troy  MilU p.r. 

Troy  tUIo —p.h. 

Truckee p.r. 

Truesdale ...h. 

Trufant ~...p.r. 

Tnimansburg „p.v. 

Trumbull p.tp. 

Trumbull p.tp, 

Trumbull  Comers.p.h. 

TrunkeyviUe p.b. 

Truro p.tp. 

Truro _..- p.tp. 

Truro „  ..„ p.tp. 

Truxton ....tp. 

Truxton ....p.r. 

Tryon tp. 

Tucker  Hill ~...h. 

Tuckerman p.h. 

Tuckcr'8Cros8Boad8.p.h 

Tuckerton p.T. 

TuckerviUe h. 

Tucson c. 

Tuflonborough p.tp, 

Tugaloo p.tp. 

Tulare ~ p.tp, 

Tulare tp. 

Tulare p.r. 

Tularosa p.T. 

Tuledad ....tp. 

Tule  KiTer .......tp. 

Tulip _p.T. 

TuUahoma p.T. 

Tully .tp. 

TuUy _p.T. 

Tnlly ....tp. 

Tully -tp. 

Tullytown „ p.r. 

Tulpehocken tp. 

Tumbling  Bun h. 

Tumuli ....p.tp. 

Turn  water p.T. 

Tunbridge tp. 

Tanbridge tp. 

Tunbridge p.T. 

Tnnkhannock tp. 

Tunkhannock tp. 

Tnnkhannock p.b. 

Tunnel  City t. 

Tunnel  City .....p.T. 

Tunnel  Hill .....p.T. 

Tunnel  Hill .....tp. 

Tunnel  Hill..........p.T. 

Tunnel  HiU b. 

Tunnelton p.T. 

Tunsburg .tp. 

Tunstalls ». p.h. 

Tupelo......... ...... ..p.T. 

Tnrbett tp. 

Tnrbot ....— tp. 

TurbotTille  ...........p.b. 

Turin.... tp. 

Turin. ..„ p.T. 

Turkey tp. 

Turkey ..«...tp. 

Turkey  Cove p.T. 

Turkey  Creek tp. 

Turkey  Creek tp. 

Turkey  Creek tp. 

400 


Oo«Btjr. 


Lincoln- 

ChetUtre 

Cbmhlra 

Keuasclaor. ».. 

MuutguniKry 

Muntgumery 

Aahlaiid 

AahUnd 

Athena 

Delaware- ..., 

Oeauga.- 

Miami 

Morrow- 

Richland ».... 

Wood- 

Bradford 

Bradford 

Crawford , 

Obion „ 

Orleans 

Gilmer , 

St  Croix 

Sauk , 

Walworth .., 

La  Salle 

Linn ..., 

Catahoula 

Nerada....- «., 

Warren -.., 

Montcalm 

Tompkins 

Fairfield 

Ashtabula. , 

Tompkins 

Forest 

Knox 

Barustuble 

Franklin 

Cortland , 

Cortland 

Polk...- ™, 

Schuylkill 

Jackson 

Wilson , 

Burlington 

Sauk 

Pima- 

Carroll 

Oconee 

San  Joaquin 

Tulare 

Tulare 

Dona  Ana 

Lassen 

Tulare 

Dallas 

CoSee - 

Onondaga- 

Onondaga  - 

Marion 

Van  Wert 

Bucks. 

Berks , 

Schuylkill , 

Otter  Tail  - 

Thurston 

De  Witt , 

Orange 

Orange 

Monroe 

Wyoming- , 

Wyoming 

Lincoln- 

Monroe , 

Whitfield- 

Johnson 

Johnson , 

Cambria , 

Lawrence , 

Chippewa , 

New  Kent 

Le« 

Juniata- 

North  umberland , 
Northumberland. 

Lewis 

Lewis. „ ..., 

Sampson 

Williamsburg , 

Lee 

Kosciusko 

McPherson 

Mitchell 


Bute. 


Mo  ..., 
N.  H.., 
N.  H... 

N.  Y-. 
N.  0... 
N.  0.-. 
Ohio... 
Ohio-. 
Ohio- 
Ohio-. 
Ohio- 
Ohio-. 
Ohio-. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio — 
Pa...... 

Pa , 

Pa- 

Tenn.. 

Vt 

W.  Va 
Wis.- . 
Wis.-.. 

Wis 

111-.... 
Iowa- 
La 

Cal 

Mo ..... 
Mich.. 
N.  Y-. 
Conn.. 
Ohio-. 
N.  Y„. 

Pa 

111 

Mass... 
Ohio-. 
N.Y-. 
N.  Y-., 
N.0-. 
Pa-.... 
Ark.-. 
Tenn . 
N.  J-. 
Wis.-. 
Arizona 
N.  H..., 

S.  C 

Cal 

Cal 

Cal 

N.  Mex 

Cal 

Cal , 

Ark 

Tenn ... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y-.., 
Ohio-... 
Ohio-... 

Pa. 

Pa- 

Pa- 

Minn- 
Wash... 

Ill 

Vt- 

Vt 

Pa. 

Pa...„.. 

Pa. 

Ky 

Wis.-... 

Ga. 

Ill 

Ill 

Pa- 

Ind 

Minn... 

Va. 

Miss 

Pa. 

Pa- 

Pa. 

N.  Y 

N.  Y-... 

N.  C 

8.  C.-... 

Va. 

Ind 

Kan-... 
Kan-... 


Population. 


187a     1880. 


708 
767 


46,46.^ 

882 

67 

757 


1,830 

800 

832 

8,005 

COO 

830 

1,057 

1,479 

1,081 

983 

COO 

1,356 


812 

995 

1,176 

1,601 


1,246 
1,336 
1,084 


1,269 
1,866 
1,618 


640 


949 
1,436 
1,269 


1,098 


689 
1,660 


770 
1,064 


2,013 


139 

206 

1,106 

1,405 


263 

1,212 

963 


1,197 


191 


618 

714 
1,803 

417 
1,493 

662 
1,167 

981 


1,336 
74 


839 

796 

442 

66,747 

855 

130 

715 

177 

1,858 

964 

901 

3,803 

730 

1,424 

1,407 

1,668 

\m 

1,327 
341 

1,622 
93 
979 

1,029 
964 

1,407 
174 
90 

1,147 

91 

482 

1,376 

l,32:i 

960 

84 

46 

717 

1,017 

1,955 

1,650 
276 
994 
92 
22 
62 

1,620 
37 

7,007 
923 

2,234 

1,308 

802 

447 

649 

61 

2,282 
175 

1,083 

1,476 
434 
878 

1,610 
262 

2,092 
71 
392 
171 

1,601 

1,252 
100 
292 

1,354 

1,116 
154 
123 
268 

1,506 
112 
224 
148 
494 
17 

1,008 
747 

2,821 
414 

1,386 
419 

1,396 

1,323 
799 

1,616 
659 


Place. 


..p.h. 

...p.T. 
...p.T. 
..p.h. 


Turkey  Hill _..h. 

Turkey  Hill t. 

Turkey  Shore -t. 

Turlock tp. 

Turlock p.T. 

Turman tp. 

Turnback tp. 

TurnbuU tp. 

Turner p.r. 

Tumor tp. 

Turner p.r. 

Turner p.T. 

Turner  Island isl. 

Turuorsburg p.tp, 

Turner's  Station.... p. v, 

Turnersvillo 

Turnersvillo 

Turnersville 

Turney  Station. 

Turtle tp 

Turtle  Creek tp. 

Turtle  Creek tp. 

Turtle  Creek. ...„ ...p.T. 

Turtle  Lake p.tp, 

Tuscaloosa c. 

Tuscarawas tp. 

Tuscarawas tp. 

Tuscarora tp. 

Tuscarora p.T. 

Tuscarora p.T. 

Tuscarora tp. 

Tuscarora tp. 

Tuscarora tp. 

Tuscarora tp. 

Tuscarora p.T. 

Tuscola tp. 

Tuscola p.T. 

Tuscola tp. 

Tuscola p.T. 

Tuscumbla „c. 

Tuscumbia p.T. 

Tuskegee p.T. 

Tusquitee p.tp. 

Tusten -tp. 

Tustin p.T. 

Tustin  City p.T. 

Tuthill h. 

TweedyviUe h. 

Twelve  Mile p.tp 

Twelve  Mile  Lake.tp. 
Twenty  Mile  Stend.p.h. 

Twin tp. 

Twin tp. 

Twin tp. 

Twin  Groves tp. 

Twin  Groves tp. 

Twin  Lakes tp. 

Twin  Lakes -...tp. 

Twin  Lakes p.h. 

Twin  Mound tp. 

Twin  Mound tp. 

Twinsburg tp. 

Twinsburg p.T. 

Two  Creeks -tp. 

Two  Rivers .p.tp. 

Two  Rivers -p.T. 

Two  Rivers tp. 

Two  Taverns p.h. 

Tyaskin p.T. 

Tybo p.T. 

Tyler -p.h. 

Tyler tp. 

Tyler p.T. 

Tyler _ c. 

Tylersburg -.p.T. 

Ty  lersport p.T. 

Tylersville p.T. 

Tylervllle p.v. 

Tymochtee.- tp. 

Tymochtee — h. 

Tyner p.h. 

Tyner  City p.v. 

Tyngsborongh p.tp, 

Tynsid -.tp. 

Tyre -tp. 

Tyre p.h. 

Tyringham p.tp. 

Tyro tp. 

Tyro „ -.p.h. 

Tyro tp. 

Tyrone tp. 

Tyrone h. 

Tyrone t. 


County. 


Middlesex 

Luzerne 

Essex 

Stanislaus 

Staiilslnus 

Sullivan 

Lawrence 

Bladen 

Du  Page 

Androscoggin. 
Androscoggin 

Marion , 

Cumberland.. 

Iredell 

Henry 

Crawford 

Gloucester..... 
Robertson-.... 

Clinton.- 

Rock 

Shelby 

Warren 

Alleghany 

Barron 

Tuscaloosa .... 

Coshocton 

Stark 

Cheboygan.... 

Elko 

Livingston.... 

Steuben 

Bradford 

Juniata 

Perry 

Schuylkill 

Douglas 

Douglas 

Tuscola 

Tuscola. 

Colbert , 

Miller 

Macon 

Clay 

Sullivan 

Waushara...., 
Los  Angeles.., 

Ulster 

Delaware- 

Madison 

Emniett 

Warren 

Darke 

Preble 

Ross 

Greenwood.... 

Jasper.... 

Calhoun 

Carlton 

Freeborn .~.~. 

Norton 

Rooks 

Summit 

Summit 

Manitowoc.... 

Morrison. 

Manitowoc... 
Manitowoc... 

Adams 

Wicomico 

Nye 

Lincoln- 

Hickory 

Clearfield...... 

Smith 

Clarion 

Montgomery . 

Clinton 

Middlesex- m. 

Wyandot 

Wyandot 

Hamilton 

Marshall 

Middlesex 

Polk 

Seneca 

Seneca 

Berkshire 

Yellow  Medicine. 

Tate 

Davidson 

Franklin 

Monroe 

Anderson.-... .~ ... 


State. 


Conn 
Pa.... 
Mass. 
Cal .. 
Cal.. 
Ind.. 
Mo... 
N.  C. 
III-.. 
Me.. 
Me.. 
Oregon. 

Me 

N.  0... 

Ky 

Pa. 

N.J-., 
Tenn.., 

Mo 

Wis 

Ohio-., 
Ohio-.. 

Pa 

WU 

Ala 

Ohio-., 
Ohio-., 
Mich... 
Nev ..., 
N.  Y-., 
N.  Y„., 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa- 

Pa 

Ill 

Ill 

Mich... 
Mich... 

Ala 

Mo 

Ala..... 
N.  C... 
N.Y-.. 
Wis.-.. 
Cal .... 
N.  Y... 
Ind.... 
Mo .... 
Iowa.., 
Ohio- 
Ohio-. 
Ohio-. 
Ohio-.. 
Kan  „. 

Mo 

Iowa... 
Minn.. 
Minn. 
Kan-. 
Kan... 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 

Wis 

Minn . 
Wis.-. 
Wis.-.- 

Pa 

Md .... 
Nev.-. 
Minn. 

Mo 

Pa. 

Tex.... 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Conn.. 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 
Tenn. 
Ind.... 
Mass.. 
Minn . 
N.  Y- 
N.  Y-. 
Mass... 
Minn. 
Miss-. 
N.  C-. 

Ill 

Iowa... 
Ky 


Population. 


1870.  1880. 


1,933 
9C7 
447 


2,380 


796 


1,274 

l,2:io 

6,660 


2,726 
2,412 


1,528 

1,224 

1,402 

899 


2,863 

'ii'iio 


1,214 
125 


341 
1,028 


869 
153 


1,998 
1,799 
2,203 


729 


472 

436 

1,365 

2,765 


1,286 


629 
"i*,286 
'"557 


985 
960 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  KETURNS  OP  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


C!ounty. 


State. 


Tyrone » -tp, 

Tyrone— P-tp. 

Tyrone tp. 

Tyrone.™ tp. 

Tyrone ~ p.v. 

Tyrone tp. 

Tyrone p.b. 

Tyrone tp. 

Tyrone— tp. 

Tyson's tp. 

Tywappity tp. 

Vchee p.h. 

Udell tp. 

Udolpho p.tp. 

IThlerstown p.h. 

IJhrichsTille p.  v. 

rkiali tp. 

TJkiah p.  v. 

Ulster tp. 

Ulster tp. 

Ulster tp. 

Ulster p.v. 

Ulysses p.T. 

Ulysses tp. 

Ulysses p.tp, 

Umatilla p.v. 

Unadilla p.tp. 

Unadilla p.v. 

Unadilla p.v. 

Unadilla tp. 

Unadilla p.v. 

Unadilla  Forks p.v. 

Underliill p.tp, 

Underwood tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union p.tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union p.v. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union v. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union h. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union ....tp. 

Union tp. 

Union  i tp. 

Union tp. 

Union* .tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union* tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 


Kent 

Livingston 

Le  Sueur 

Schuyler 

Schuyler 

Adams 

Blair 

Blair 

Perry 

Stanley , 

Scott 

Bussel! 

Appanoose 

Mower 

Bucks 

Tuscarawas 

Mendocino 

Mendocino 

Floyd 

Ulster 

Bradford 

Bradford 

Butler 

Tompkins 

Potter 

Umatilla 

Livingston 

Livingston 

Otoe 

Otsego 

Otsego 

Otsego 

Chittenden 

Bedwood 

Humboldt 

San  Joaquin.... 

Tolland 

Cumberland.... 

Efiingham 

Fulton 

Livingston 

McHenry 

Adams 

Bartholomew., 

Benton 

Boone 

Clarke 

Crawford 

DeKalb 

Delaware 

Elkliart 

Franklin 

Fulton 

Hendricks 

Howard 

Huntington..., 

Jasper. 

Johnson 

John.^on 

La  Porte 

Madison 

Marshall 

Miami 

Montgomery,,, 

Ohio , 

Parke , 

Perry 

Porter , 

Kush 

St.  Josephs... . 

Shelby 

Tippecanoe.,.. 

Union 

Vanderburg.., 

Wells _„„ 

White 

Whitley _. 

Adair _.... 

Adams 

Appanoose 

Benton 

Black  Hawk,. 

Boone„ 

Calhoun 

Carroll 

Cass 

Cerro  Gordo ... 

Crawford 

Dallas 

Davis _.... 


Mich..., 
Mich... 
Minn .., 

N,  Y 

N.  Y..... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  C 

Mo 

Ala 

Iowa.... 
Minn  .., 

Pa 

Ohio 

Cal 

Cal 

Iowa..,, 
N.  Y„... 

Pa 

Pa 

Neb 

N.  Y 

Pa , 

Oregon, 
Mich..., 
Mich.... 

Neb 

N.  Y.„., 
N,  Y.... 
N.  Y.... 

Vt 

Minn .. 

Cal 

Cal 

Conn..., 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.., 
Iowa.., 
Iowa,., 
Iowa.., 
Iowa. ., 
Iowa,., 
Iowa,,, 
Iowa.., 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.., 
Iowa.,. 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 


Pop'  '"«tion. 


1870,      1880, 


730 
1,222 

830 
1,993 


1,009 
1,840 
1,006 
1,287 
880 
680 


907 
380 


1,541 
966 


1,174 


3,271 

789 


1,041 


2,655 


1,655 


924 
333 
627 

1,836 
637 

1,914 
711 


865 
1,008 

340 
1,057 
1,022 
1,082 
3,059 
1,244 
1,221 


1,200 
1,326 
1,745 
1,016 
196 
1,466 


585 

851 
1,335 

982 
8,447 

669 
1,256 
1,365 
1,057 
1,206 
1,801 
1,200 


1,' 

1,040 

1,263 

1,832 

1,294 

169 

393 

668 

725 

419 


436 
111 


655 
1,663 
1,225 


1,319 

1,273 

1,042 

2,059 

227 

985 

2,678 

1,004 

1,486 

1,141 

692 

63 

863 

668 

99 

2,790 

2,076 

933 

990 

2,806 

1,168 

155 

305 

3,458 

638 

149 

1,094 

234 

178 

2,623 

922 

210 

1,439 

157 

1,788 

981 

539 

2,133 

765 

1,733 

994 

156 

012 

828 

871 

1,092 

1,010 

1,511 

4,121 

1,466 

1,866 

128 

1,433 

1,545 

1,805 

1,290 

4U8 

1,406 

86 

1,205 

917 

1,389 

1,152 

10,168 

659 

1,401 

1,498 

1,054 

1,393 

2,015 

1,233 

754 

1,454 

1,195 

1,600 

2,217 

1,263 

465 

725 

607 

861 

611 

856 

347 

738 

616 

212 

735 

2,256 

1,231 


County. 


Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union  * tp. 

Union tp. 

Union p.v. 

Union* tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union  ' tp. 

Union ' tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union p.v. 

Union p.tp. 

Union v. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union p.v. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union v. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union p,tp. 

Union v. 

Union tp. 

Union t. 

Union p.b. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 


Delaware 

Des  Moiues 

Floyd 

Guthrie 

Hardin , 

Hardin 

Harrison 

Jackson 

Johnson 

Louisa 

Lucas 

Madison 

Mahaska 

Marion 

Mitchell 

Monroe 

Plymouth 

Poweshiek 

Ringgold 

Shelby 

Story 

Union  

Van  Buren 

Warren 

Wayne 

Woodbury 

Wortli 

Barton 

Butler 

Clay 

Dickinson 

Doniphan 

Jefferson 

McPherson 

Pottawatomie.. 

Republic 

Rice 

Bush 

Sedgwick 

Washington.,., 

Boone 

Knox 

Baltimore 

Branch 

Isabella 

Houston 

Barton 

Benton 

BoUiuger 

Cass 

Clarke 

Crawford 

Daviess 

Dunklin 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Harrison 

Holt 

Iron 

Jasper 

Laclede 

Lewis 

Lincoln 

Marion 

Monroe 

Nodaway 

Perry 

Pulaski _„ 

Putnam 

Randolph 

Ripley 

St.  Genevieve.. 

Scotland 

Sullivan 

Washington,,.. 

Webster 

Worth , 

Wright , 

Bergen , 

Hudson 

Hudson 

Hunterdon ...., 

Ocean 

Union 

Warren 

Broome 

Broome 

Hertford 

Pender , 

Randolph. , 


State. 


Population. 


Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.,,, 
Iowa.... 
Iowa. ... 
Iowa. ... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa..,. 
Iowa..,. 
Iowa..,. 
Iowa,,.. 
Iowa..,. 
Iowa..,, 
Iowa,... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan...., 
Kan  ..., 
Kan .... 
Kan,... 
Kan.... 
Kan..., 

Ky 

Me , 

Md 

Mich.., 
Mich... 
Minn.. 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo. 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N,  J 

N.  J 

N.  J.„.. 

N.  J 

N.J 

N.J 

N.J 

N.  Y.... 
N.  Y..., 
N.  C... 
N.C.... 
N.  C. .. 


1,362 
978 
168 

1,276 


238 

1,214 

790 

616 

658 

1,044 

1,190 

765 

355 

1,161 


824 
325 


1,089 
l,5:u 
1,672 
1,112 
1,005 
600 
297 


1,701 


2,121 

657 

456 

152 

1,185 

1,436 

903 

1,155 

1,015 

1,615 

1,027 

2,855 


1,193 

1,118 

743 


1,850 


1,361 
1,471 
1,566 
1,308 


958 
2,053 
1,1.36 

856 
1,577 
1,404 
1,222 
1,187 
1,593 
1,199 


2,057 
2,097 
4,640 
1,051 
1,923 
2,314 


2,638 


1,381 
597 


646 

1,382 

1,443 

233 

2,010 

666 

624 

1,487 

780 

608 

919 

1,020 

1,130 

707 

&30 

1,132 

260 

800 

625 

638 

1,111 

2,056 

1,411 

847 

998 

597 

720 

311 

361 

616 

677 

8ia 

872 

670 

634 

709 

1,460 

240 

983 

635 

113 

1,648 

572 

2,672 

2,295 

496 

363 

1,205 

832 

739 

1,357 

1,316 

2,332 

1,780 

2,763 

402 

1,011 

2,028 

1,724 

1,431 

1,329 

3,060 

1,542 

1,567 

1,963 

1,363 

1,308 

1,779 

1,763 

721 

1,417 

1,882 

1,700 

1,106 

1,509 

1,674 

1,762 

943 

3,164 

1,310 

6,849 

1,167 

1,024 

2,418 

105 

2,596 

737 

95 

1,793 

813 


>  In  1871,  parte  to  Beaver  and 
People's. 


*  In  1870,  part  to  Richland. 

*  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


*  In  1875,  part  to  Seely. 

*  In  1872,  part  to  Washington. 


•  In  1872,  part  to  Rutland. 
»  In  1877,  part  to  Barton. 

401 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  BKTURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PlaMb 


....tp. 

-..tp. 
— tp. 
^tp. 
...tp. 
>~tp. 

-tp. 

.tp. 


Oowrfgr. 


Dulon..... 
Uulun..... 
Union..... 

UuluD 

Untua..... 
Unluu..... 

Union 

Union 

Union 

Union „ ~..tp. 

Union tp. 

Union......... .....>~tp. 

Union........ ~..tp. 

Union ~ ....tp. 

Union .....tp. 

Union tp. 

Union .~.tp. 

Union......». ~..tp. 

Union ~.tp. 

Union >. ....tp. 

Union ....p.T 

Union........ tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union p.r. 

Union..... tp. 

Union tp. 

Union  >_ tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union T. 

Union b. 

Union tp. 

Union ....tp. 

Union..... ....tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union*- tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

IJnion tp. 

Union tp. 

Union „ tp. 

Union p.T. 

Union p.T. 

Union tp. 

Union „..tp. 

Union tp. 

Union. ...M p.tp, 

Union tp. 

Union tp. 

Union  Bridge p.T. 

Union  Centre -tp. 

Union  Centre _p.T. 

Union  Cliurcli p.h. 

Union  City _p.T. 

Union  City p.T. 

Union  City tp. 

Union  City _.._p.T. 

Union  City ....-t. 

Union  City  .....».....p.T. 

Union  Corners h. 

Union  Dale p.T. 

Union  Deposit .. 
Union  Depot..... 

Union  Falls. 

Union  GroTe...., 


..p.T. 
..p.T. 
..p.h. 
,.p.tp. 


Union  OroTe „..tp, 

Union  GroTe p.li. 

Union  Grove p.T. 

Union  Grove tp. 

Union  Grove p.T. 

Union  Mills t. 

Union  Blills h. 

Union  Mills p.T. 

Onion  Mills p.h. 

Union  Point p.T. 

Unionport p.h. 


BatherfoTtl .» 

Willcaa. >.. 

Auglaisa 

Belmont. 

Bruwu.....-~ 

Butler ~. 

Carroll 

Champaign 

Clermont. ~. 

Clinton- 

Fayette 

Hancock 

Highland 

Knox 

Lawrence- 

Licking 

Logan ~ 

Madison 

Mercor 

Miami „ 

Montgomery 

Morgan 

Muskingum 

Pike 

Putnam 

Boss 

Scioto , 

Tuscarawas....... 

Union 

Van  Wert 

Warren 

Union 

Adiinis 

Alleghany 

Bedford 

Berks 

Centre 

Clearfield- 

Crawford 

Crawford 

Krie 

Erie 

Fulton 

Huntingdon 

Jefferson 

Lawrence 

Lebanon 

Luzerne 

Mifflin 

Schuylkill 

Snyder 

Tioga 

Union 

Washington 

Orangeburg 

Union 

Union 

Monroe.- 

D<x>r 

Eau  Claire. 

Pierce 

Bock ~ 

Vernon 

Wanpaca 

Carroll 

Elk 

Broome 

Jefferson 

New  Haven 

Bandolph 

Allamakee 

Branch- 

Darke.. 

Obion- 

Cattaraugus-.... 
Susquehanna.... 

Dauphin 

Sullivan 

ainton 

Wniiteside. 

Meeker 

Gentry „ 

Delaware.- 

Iredell 

Bacine 

La  Porte -.. 

Wabash „.. 

Carroll 

Fulton 

Greene 

Bandolph  - 


SUte. 


N.  0. 
N.  0. 
Ohio. 
Ohio. 
Ohio. 
Ohio 
Ohio. 
Ohio 
Ohio-... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio — 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 

Ohio 

Oliio-... 

Ohio 

Ohio.... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio.... 

Obio 

Ohio.... 
Ohio-... 
Ohio-... 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 
Ohio.... 
Oregon 

Pa 

Pa. 

P«- 

I'o. 

Pa 

Pa- 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa- 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa- 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

S.  C 

8.  C 

S.  C 

W.  Va. 

Wis 

Wis.-.. 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Md 

Kan 

N.  Y... 
Miss... 
Conn... 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Mich... 
Ohio... 
Teun  .. 
N.  Y-.. 

I'a 

Pa 

Tenn... 
N.  Y... 

Ill 

Minn.. 

Mo 

N.  Y... 
N.  C... 

Wis 

Ind 

Ind 

Md 

N.  Y... 

Ga. 

Ind 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


402 

81>4 
l,4li2 
1,G84 
6,309 
2,013 

COO 
l.CUO 
1,920 
4,227 
4,471 
1,540 
l,4.i6 
1,017 
1,940 
1,855 

753 
3,109 
1,475 
3,291 

212 
1,683 
l,t>4:i 

U51 
1,031 
2,700 

652 

742 
l;W6 

524 
1,089 


1,105 

1,980 

1,791 

2,lli5 

847 

400 

622 


1,500 
1,334 

424 
789 
595 

l,4;u 

1,014 
1,637 
1,409 
1,110 
1,091 
1,098 
840 
1,418 


2,845 


419 
294 


266 
2,145 
606 
211 
323 


1,439 

578 


792 


1,070 
314 


1,029 


(30 

000 

1,600 

1,086 

6,770 

2,103 

684 

1,688 

1,002 

6,061 

6,176 

1,876 

1,463 

1,728 

2,460 

1,872 

784 

4,443 

1,820 

3,869 

224 

1,695 

1,793 

676 

1,398 

2,527 

1,168 

714 

1,535 

1,026 

1,110 

416 

1,180 

2,307 

056 

1,640 

1,086 

651 

603 

2)0 

2,171 

1,377 

602 

780 

809 

2,418 

1,719 

9^0 

1,417 

1,292 

1,251 

1,789 

724 

1,913 

1,418 

3,637 

1,267 

372 

610 

631 

734 

2,077 

7'11 

684 

679 

1,296 

116 

83 

1,207 

2,478 

679 

1.280 

1,127 

1,879 

60 

146 

436 

410 

53 

1,091 

603 

40 

136 

1,220 

412 

270 

67 

162 

74 

676 

37 


Unionport p.h. 

Union  I'rairie tp. 

Union  Springs p.T. 

Union  Springs p.v. 

Union  Star p.v. 

Union  Star p.h. 

Union  Station p.v. 

Unlontown p.T. 

Unlontown h. 

Uniontown t. 

Unlontown h. 

Unlontown p.T. 

Unlontown p.T. 

Uniontown p.T. 

Unlontown h. 

Uniontown p.T. 

Unlontown v. 

Uniontown v. 

Uniontown b. 

Unlontown p.b. 

Unlontown h. 

Uniontown v. 

Union  Vale tp. 

Union  Village v. 

Union  ViUiigo 'p.h. 

Unionville v. 

Union  ville p.T. 

Unionville p.T. 

Unionville p.h. 

Unionville p.T. 

Unionville h. 

Unionville h. 

Unionville p.v. 

Unionville v. 

Unionville h. 

Unionville h. 

Unionville b. 

Unionville p.v. 

Unionville  Centre..p.T. 
Union  Waterworks.h. 

Uniopolis p.T. 

Unison p.h. 

Unitia p.v. 

Unity tp. 

Unity tp. 

Unity p.T. 

Unity p.tp. 

Unity tp. 

Unity h. 

Unity tp. 

Unity p.T. 

Unity tp. 

Unity..... „..tp. 

Unity tp. 

Upland p.v. 

Upland p.b. 

Upper tp. 

Upper tp. 

Upper tp. 

Upper tp. 

Upper  Allen tp. 

UpperAllowaysCrk  *.tp. 
Upper  Alton. ...»...p.v. 

Upper  Astoria v. 

Upper  Augusta tp. 

Upper  Bern p.tp. 

Upper  Burrell tp. 

Upper  Chichester -tp. 

Upper  Choupl t. 

Upper  Conetoe tp. 

Upper  Creek tp. 

Upper  Darby -p.tp 

Upper  Dublin p.tp. 

Upper  Fairfield„...tp. 

Upper  Falls p.h. 

Upper  Fishing  Crk.tp. 

Upper  Fork tp. 

Upper  Freehold....tp. 

Upper  Grove p.h. 

Upper  Hanover tp. 

Upper  Hibornia..._T. 

Upper  Hominy tp. 

Upper  Jay p.v. 

Upper  Lake p.T. 

Upper  Lanrel tp. 

Upper  Leacock tp. 

Upper  Lehigh p.T. 

Upper  Lisle.'. p.T. 

Upper  Little  Biver.tp. 

Upper  Lontre tp. 

Upper  Macungie...tp. 


County. 


SUt«. 


Jefferson 

AllnniMkee.... 

Bullock 

Cayugn 

Breck<.-nridg«. 

De  Kalb 

Lancaster 

Perry 

Kl  l)orado 

Washington.. 

Jackson. 

Bourbon 

Union 

Carroll 

Middlesex 

Belmont 

Muskingum.. 

Stark 

Dauphin 

Fayette 

Indiana 

Union 

Dutchess 

Warren 

Orange 

Orange 

Appanoose..... 

Putnam 

Lewis  and  Clarke 

Humboldt 

Burlington 

Morris 

Orange 

Morgan 

Beaver 

Butler 

Centre 

Bedford 

Union 

Lebanon  

Anglaixe 

Loudoun 

Loudon 

Piatt 

Waldo 

Waldo 

Sullivan 

Rowan 

Adams 

Columbiana 

Columbiana 

Westmoreland .... 

Clark 

Trempealeau 

Grant 

Delaware 

Cape  May 

Chowan 

Lawrence 

Richland 

Cumberland 

Salem 

Madison 

Clatsop 

Northnmberland. 

Berks 

Westmoreland .... 

Delaware 

La  Fourche 

Edgecombe 

Burke 

Delaware 

Montgomery 

Lycoming 

Baltimore 

Edgecombe 

Burke 

Monmouth 

Hancock 

Montgomery 

Morris 

Buncombe 

Essex 

Lake 

Madison 

Lancaster 

Luzerne 

Broome 

Harnett 

Montgomery 

Lehigh- 


Population. 


1870.     1880. 


Ohio 

Iowa.... 

Ala 

N.  Y 

Ky 

Mo 

Pa 

Ala 

Cnl 

D.  C 

Ind 

Kan  -.., 

Ky 

Md 

N.  J 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio-.., 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa- 

Pa 

N.  Y... 

Ohio 

Vt 

Ind 

Iowa  .. 

Mo 

Mon... 
Nev..... 

N.  J 

N.  J  „.. 
N.  Y-.. 
Ohio-... 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa 

Tenn... 
Ohio... 

Pa 

Ohio... 

Va 

Tenn.. 

Ill 

Me 

Me 

N.  H... 
N.  C-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio... 
Ohio... 

Pa 

Wis 

Wis 

Ind 

Pa. 

N.  J  ... 

N.  C 

Ohio-.. 

S.C 

Pa 

N.  J... 

Ill 

Oregon. 

Pa„... 

Pa_... 

Pa..... 

Pa..... 

La 

N.  C„ 
N.  C„ 
Pa..... 
Pa..... 
Pa..... 
Md ... 
N.  C. 
N.  0- 
N.  J- 
Iowa. 

Pa 

N.  J- 
N.  C„. 
N.Y- 
Cal... 
N.  C- 
Pa..... 
Pa..... 
N.  Y- 
N.  0- 
Mo.... 
Pa..... 


012 
1,455 
1,150 

104 


1,444 


896 
319 


166 
287 


290 
2,603 


1,4:h 

232 


9:J4 
1,201 


844 
803 


2,286 


3,024 


1,341 
1,483 
1,176 
7,832 
1,902 
1,:J41 
3,062 


1,246 
2,008 


630 


1,437 
1,736 
8,1.30 

1,688 
770 


2,064 

694 

3,04U 


2,197 


1,323 


1,901 


247 
1,221 
2,458 
3,061 


402 


1  In  1876,  part  to  King. 


*  Since  1870.  part  to  Hanlock. 


*  In  1873,  part  to  Qointon. 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETUKNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


County. 


Upper  Mahanoy tp. 

Upper  Maliantaiigo.tp 

Upper  Makefiol(l...tp. 

UpporMarlborougli  .p.v. 

Upper  Meriou tp. 

Upper  Jlidilletown.p.v. 

Upper  Milford tp. 

Upper  Mt.  Betliel.-tp. 

Upper  Nazareth. ...tp. 

Upper  Nyack v. 

Upper  Oxford tp. 

Upper  Paxton tp. 

Upper  I'enu's  Ncck.tp. 

Upper  Pitt8grove...tp. 

Upper  ProBpect p.v. 

Upper  Providonce..tp. 

Upper  Providcnce..tp. 

Upper  Red  Hook. ..p.v. 

Upper  St.  Clair p.tp. 

Upper  St.  JoUtisville.v. 

Upper  Salford tp. 

Upper  Sandusky. ...p. v. 

Upper  Saucon tp. 

Upper  Stillwater...p.v. 

Upper  Strasburg...p.v. 

Upper  Town  Creek.tp. 

Upper  Tulpeliocken.tp, 

Upper  Turkeyfoot.tp. 

Upper  Tyrone tp. 

Upper  Uxvchlan tp. 

Upperville p.v. 

Upper  Yodor tp. 

Upson p.h. 

Upton p.tp. 

Upton p.tp. 

Upton tp. 

Upton V. 

Jlrbana tp, 

LUrbana c. 

l.'Urbana p.v. 

^rl^rbana tp. 

p^rbana p.h. 

'-Urbana p.v. 

Urbana tp. 

Urbana tp. 

Urbana c. 

Urbana p.v. 

Urich p.h. 

Uriclisville p.v. 

Urnes3 , tp. 

Ursa tp. 

Ursa p.v. 

Ursina p.b. 

Usquepangh p.v. 

Ustick tp. 

Utahville v. 

Utahville p.v. 

Dtica V. 

L'tica tp. 

Dtica p.v. 

Dtica tp. 

Utica p.v. 

Utica tp. 

Utica......^.. p.v. 

Utica p.tp. 

Utica p.v. 

Utica p.v. 

Utica p.v, 

Utica 0. 

Utica. p.v, 

Utica p.b. 

Utica tp. 

Utica h. 

Utica tp. 

Utica  Mills p.h, 

Utopia V. 

Utsaladdy p.v, 

Uvaldo, p,v, 

Uwcblan tp. 

Uwharie P-tp. 

Uxbridge p.tp. 

Vacaville* tp. 

Vacaville «p.v, 

Vaiden p.v. 

Vail p.v. 

Vail tp. 

Valatie p.v, 

Valdosta p.v. 

Valeeno p.h, 

Valentino p.h. 

Valle tp. 


Northumberland, 

Scliuylkill 

Bucks 

Prince  George's... 

Montgomery 

Fayette 

Lehigh 

Nort  hampton 

Northampton 

Rockland 

Chester 

Dauphin 

Salem.. 

Salem 

Cambria 

Delaware 

Montgomery 

Dutchess' 

Alleghany 

Montgomery 

Montgomery 

Wyandot 

Lohigh 

Penobscot 

Franklin 

Edgecombe 

Berks 

Somerset 

Fayette 

Chester 

Fauquier 

Cambria 

Maverick 

Oxford 

Worcester 

Texas 

Summit ~ 

Champaign 

Oiampaign 

Wabash  „ 

Monroe 

Neosho 

Frederick 

Steuben _., 

Champaign 

Champaign 

Middlesex 

Henry 

Tuscarawas 

Douglas 

Adams 

Adams 

Somerset 

Washington 

Wiitoside 

Maricopa 

Clearfield 

Fulton 

La  Salle 

La  Salle„ 

Clarke ~ 

Clarke 

Chickasaw 

Macomb 

Winona 

Hinds 

Livingston 

Seward 

Oneida 

Licking -., 

Venango 

Crawford 

Waukesha 

Winnebago 

Frederick- , 

Clermont 

Island , 

Uvalde 

Chester , 

Montgomery , 

Worcester. 

Solano 

Solano 

Carroll 

CraNvford 

Redwood , 

Columbia.. 

Lowndes 

Orange 

La  Grange 

Jefferson 


State. 


Population, 


1870.     1880, 


Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Md 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa- 

Pa 

N.Y 

Pa 

Pa 

N,J 

N.  J 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  Y 

Pa 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Ohio 

Pa 

Me 

Pa 

N.C 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Va , 

Pa 

Tex 

Me 

Mass..., 

Mo , 

Utah ... 

Ill , 

III 

lud 

Iowa..,. 
Kan.,., 

Md , 

N.  Y.„, 
Ohio,,,., 
Ohio,,.. 

Va 

Mo 

Ohio 

Minn,.. 

Ill 

Ill 

Pa 

R,I 

Ill 

Arizona 

Pa 

Ill , 

111 

Ill , 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Mich... 
Minn  .. 
Miss.,.. 

Mo 

Neb 

N.  Y.„, 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Md 

Ohio.,.. 
Wash  „ 
Tex,_.. 

Pa 

N.  C 

Mass .... 

Cal ... 

Cal.„. 

Miss.. 

Iowa, 

Minn 

N.  Y., 

Ga 

Ind.,, 
Ind... 
Mo,,,. 


878 
761 

1,505 
492 

3,870 


2,015 

3,7G4 

740 


1,079 
1,371 
3,178 
2,087 


758 
3,202 


1,705 
2,564 
3,487 


1,092 
1,196 
1,011 


781 
422 


3,325 
2,277 


2,082 
6,10$ 
4,276 


1,541 

145 

1,411 


1,026 


1,145 


1,598 
"931 


1,370 
150 


28,804 

3S4 

225 

1,260 


1,039 


163 

794 

480 

3,058 

1,701 


1,199 


2,816 


922 

718 

1,470 

541 

3,275 

131 

2,475 

3,645 

838 

412 

1,096 

1,543 

3,361 

2,073 

144 

855 

3,592 

184 

829 

149 

1,806 

3,540 

3,228 

327 

306 

l,i:« 

1,274 
953 

3,306 
848 
351 
916 
67 
245 

2,023 
788 
174 

4,175 

2,942 
114 
767 
53 
180 

2,318 

7,781 

6,252 
163 
71 

2,790 
388 

1,618 
123 
445 
216 

1,066 
123 
100 
120 

1,273 
767 

1,608 
525 

1,232 
493 

1,094 
230 
661 
194 
33,914 
702 
301 

1,496 
60 

1,045 
45 
116 
187 
794 
698 
676 

3,111 

1,299 
361 
626 
511 
61 

1,775 

1,515 
59 
48 

S,605 


Place. 


Vallejo tp, 

Vallejo c. 

Vallejo tp, 

Vallers tp. 

Valley tp. 

Valley tp. 

Valley tp. 

Valley tp. 

Valley tp. 

Valley,- tp. 

Valley tp. 

Valley tp. 

Valley tp. 

Valley tp, 

VuUey tp. 

Valley tp. 

Valley.- tp. 

Valley tp. 

Valley tp, 

Val  ley p.h. 

Valley.- tp. 

Valley tp. 

Valley tp. 

Valley tp. 

Valley tp. 

Valley  Brook* p.tp. 

Valley  Centre p.h. 

Valley  City p.v. 

Valley  City p.h. 

Valley  City h. 

Valley  Falls p.v. 

Valley  Falls p.v. 

Valley  Falls p.v. 

Valley  Ford p.v. 

Valley  Forge v. 

Valley  Forge p.v. 

Valley  Furnace v. 

Valley  Mills p.h. 

Valley  Mills h. 

Valley  Mills p.v. 

Valley  Springs h. 

Valley  Stream p.v. 

Valley  Town p.tp. 

Valley  View p.v. 

Vallicita p.v. 

Vallonia p.v. 

Vallonia p.b. 

Valparaiso c. 

Valparaiso p.v. 

Val  ton p.h. 

ValverdI tp. 

VanAlstyne p.v. 

Vanatta p.h. 

Van  Buren p.v. 

Van  Buren tp. 

Van  Buren -tp. 

Van  Buren tp. 

Van  Buren tp. 

Van  Buren tp. 

Van  Buren p.v. 

Van  Buren.- tp. 

Van  Buren tp. 

Van  Buren v. 

Van  Buren tp. 

Van  Buren tp. 

Van  Baren.- tp. 

Van  Buren tp. 

Van  Buren tp. 

Van  Buren tp. 

Van  Buren- tp. 

Van  Buren tp. 

Van  Buren tp. 

Van  Buren.- p.v. 

Van  Buren tp. 

Van  Buren tp. 

Van  Buren- tp. 

Van  Buren tp. 

Van  Buren.- p.tp. 

Van  Buren tp. 

Van  Buren tp. 

Van  Buren-. p.v. 

Van  Buren tp. 

Van  Buren— tp. 

Van  Buren,, tp. 

Van  Buren.- p.h. 

Vance p.h. 

Vance tp, 

Vance tp. 

Vanceborough p.tp. 

Vanceborough p.v. 

Vanceburg -...p.v. 


County. 


Solano..., 
Solano.... 
Sonoma.. 

Lyon 

Stark 

Guthrie. 


Polk 

Pottawattamie.. 

Ellsworth 

Lincoln , 

Linn , 

Miami 

Morris 

Nemaha 

Phillips 

Reno 

Rice , 

Macon 

Douglas , 

Guernsey 

Scioto 

Armstrong , 

Chester 

Montour , 

Osage 

Sedgwick 

Barnes 

Pike 

Scott 

Jefferson 

Rensselaer 

Providence 

Sonoma 

Fairfield 

Chester -,., 

Schuylkill 

Marion 

Fayette 

Bosque 

Minnehaha,-,.. 

Queens 

Cherokee 

Schuylkill 

Calaveras,- 

Jackson 

Crawford 

Porter 

Saunders 

Sauk 

Sumner -... 

Grayson 

Licking _ 

Crawford 

Brown 

Clay 

Daviess - 

Fountain 

Grant 

Grant 

Kosciusko 

La  Grange 

La  Grange 

Madison 

Monroe- 

Pulaski,- 

Shelby 

Jackson- 

Keokuk- 

Lee 

Van  Buren 

Aroostook 

Aroostook 

Wayne 

Jackson 

Newton 

Wright _... 

Onondaga 

Darke 

Hancock 

Hancock 

Montgomery,... 

Putnam 

Shelby 

Washington 

Tuscaloosa 

Vermilion 

Lenoir 

Washington-... 

Craven 

Lewis 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Cal 

6,391 

Cal 

Cal 

1,114 

Minn  „. 

Ill 

1,061 

Iowa..,. 

636 

Iowa,,,. 

715 

Iowa..,. 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

i,096 

Kan 

Kan 

777 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Mo 

Neb 

Ohio 

834 

Ohio 

724 

Pa 

1,821 

Pa 

1,165 

Pa 

1,061 

Kan 

1,539 

Kan 

Dak 

Ill 

Kan 

N.  y 

B.  I 

Cal 

Conn  ... 

Pa 

Pa 

Ind 

Pa  

Tex 

Dak 

N,  Y 

N,C„... 

1,030 

Pa 

Cal 

Ind 

Pa 

462 

Ind 

2,765 

Neb, — 

Wis 

Kan 

Tex 

Ohio-,,, 

Ark 

985 

Ind 

2,048 

Ind 

3,323 

Ind 

1,172 

Ind 

622 

Ind 

1,1  K 

Ind 

Ind 

1,467 

Ind 

1,347 

Ind 

Ind...... 

874 

Ind 

972 

Ind 

972 

lud 

1,194 

Iowa. ,., 

1,155 

Iowa,.,, 

1,031 

Iowa.,,, 

956 

Iowa,,., 

2,455 

Me 

922 

Me 

Mich.... 

1,970 

Mo 

2,a'56 

Mo 

1,288 

Mo 

N,  Y 

3,038 

Ohio 

1,212 

Ohio-.., 

780 

Ohio 

157 

Ohio 

2,600 

Ohio 

1,350 

Ohio 

1,381 

Pa 

Ala 

Ill 

1^12 

N.  0.-... 

Me 

329 

N.C. 



Ky 

613 

1  In  1871,  part  to  Elmira. 


>  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced. 


403 


POPULATION  OP  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


tUM. 


▼anee'i. .^.^tp. 

Vaooourw: >.p.r. 

Vandal  im ..^.M-tp. 

Vandalla ^...-o. 

Vandalla >p.h. 

Vandaiia .....p.T. 

Vandalla _p.T. 

Vamlulia ».. p-^. 

VaDdalia p.r. 

Van  DeuseoTiUe  ...p.T. 

Vau  Dusan tp. 

Van  Uyno. p.h. 

Van  Ettea tp. 

Van  Ettcnrllle p.T. 

Van  Uorne8Tllle...p.v. 

Vanlue p.T. 

Van  Meter tp. 

Van  Ueter ..p.T. 

Van  Orin >p.h. 

Van  Wert p.T. 

Varenuea p.tp. 

Varick p.tp. 

Varna p.T. 

Varoell'a  8tatiou...p.b. 

Varysburg. p.h. 

Vasa ......p.tp, 

Vaaa ...._.h. 

Vassal  borough tp. 

Vas.salboroagh......p.T. 

Vassar „.tp. 

Vanar —p.T. 

Vaucluae „ p.T. 

Veale ....tp. 

Veal's  Station p.h. 

Veazie p.tp, 

Veodersburg p.T. 

Vesa « h. 

Velasco p.h. 

Venango _.tp. 

Venango ........tp. 

Venango >.p.b. 

Venango -.tp. 

Venedy p.T. 

Venice ......tp. 

Venice p.T. 

Venice.... ....._tp. 

Venice » -.p.tp. 

Venice - _.t. 

Venice .p.T. 

Venice _.tp. 

Ventura tp. 

Vera .......p.T. 

Vera  Cruz p.T. 

Vera  Cruz p.h. 

Verbauk «..p.T. 

Verdi tp. 

Verdi ....p.h. 

Verdlur tp. 

Verdigria tp. 

Vergenne* .......p.tp. 

Vergennea tp. 

Vergennes o. 

Vermilion ....p.T. 

Vermilion p.T. 

Vermilion .......tp. 

Vermilion -,tp. 

Vermilion tp. 

Vermilion p.T. 

Vermilion p.tp. 

Vermilion tp. 

Vermilion tp. 

Vermilion p.T. 

VermilionTille p.T. 

Vermont...... ......_.tp. 

Vermont -.p.T. 

Vermont _.tp. 

Vermontville tp. 

Vermontrille -.p.T. 

Vernal ............p.h. 

Vernon ..^ -p.T. 

Vernon  .......m tp. 

Vernon ..» tp. 

Vernon p.T. 

Vernon >. tp. 

Vernon .....~.. p.T. 

Vernon tp. 

Vernon tp. 

Vernon  t -.tp. 

Vernon p.T. 

Vernon ~ tp. 

Vernon tp. 


Ooanty. 


Orancviinnr.. 

Olark- .,- 

FItyette 

Fkyette 

Owen 

Jasper. 

Cass 

Audrain 

Montgomery 

Berkshire 

Humboldt.... 
Fond  du  Lac 

Chemung 

Chemung 

Herkimer 

Hancock 

Dallas 

Dallas 

Bureau 

Van  Wert.... 
Anderson-..., 

Seneca 

Marshall 

Whitfield 

Wyoming-... 

Goodhue 

Washington- 
Kennebec... 
Kennebec .... 

Tuscola 

Tuscola 

Aiken 

Daviess 

Parker 

Penobscot 

Fountain 

Jackson 

Brazoria. 

Butler 

Crawford 

Crawford 

Erie 

Washington- 
Madison 

Madison 

Shiawassee... 

Cayuga.- 

BuUer 

Erie 

Seneca 

Ventura 

Fayette  - 

Wells 

Lehigh 

Dutchess 

Lincoln 

Lincoln 

Colleton 

Wilson 

Jackson 

Kent 

Addison 

Clay 

Edgar 

La  Salle 

Vermilion 

Marshall 

Marshall 

Dakota „.. 

Ashland 

Erie 

Erie 

Lafayette-.... 

Fulton 

Fulton 

Dane 

Eaton.......... 

Eaton 

Qreene 

Lamar 

Sutter 

Tolland-. 

Tolland- 

Lake _.. 

Marion 

Hancock 

Jackson - 

Jennings 

Jennings 

Washington . 
Dubuque 


Population.     1 

Bute. 

I87a 

1S80. 

8. 0 

822 

1,286 

Wash... 

1,722 

Ill 

2,4.ii 

2,713 

Ill 

1,771 

2,066 

Ind 

71 
241 

439 

Mich.... 



Mo 

fiOl 
316 

Ohio 

313 

Mass.... 

146 

Cal 

681 
84 

Wis 

••••••••• 

N.  Y 

1,633 

1,991 

N.  Y 

663 
199 

N.  Y 

169 

Ohio 

364 
1,666 

Iowa.... 

1,433 

Iowa.... 

876 

Ill 

65 
4,079 

Ohio 

2,625 

8.  0 

1,892 

2,216 

N.Y 

1,741 

1,739 

Ill 

286 

99 

83 

1,157 

Ga 

N.  Y 

Minn  ... 

1,218 

Minn ... 



48 

Me 

2,919 

2,621 

Me 

142 
1,679 

Mich.... 

775 

Mich.... 

670 

667 

1,089 

S.  C 

Ind 

893 

Tex 



71 

Me 

810 

622 

Ind 

636 
29 

Ohio 

66 

Tex .-... 

66 

Pa 

902 

1,322 

Pa. 

623 

602 

Pa 

318 

347 

Pa. 

1,370 

1,446 

Ill 

408 
1,119 

Ill 

Ill 

612 
1,424 

Mich.... 

986 

N.  Y 

1,880 

1,889 

Ohio. ... 

310 

Ohio 

116 
2,231 

Ohio 

1,781 

Cal 

2,263 

Ill 

116 
260 
98 
144 

Ind 

Pa 

N.  Y.... 

Minn ... 

196 

Minn... 

25 

8.  C 

3,176 

3,564 

Kan 

687 

l,4:i4 

Ill 

910 
1,148 

Mich.... 

i,'J42 

Vt 

1,670 

1,782 

Dakota. 
Ill 

714 

387 
612 

Ill 

671 

Ind 

2,133 

2,216 

Kan-... 

1,738 

1,770 

Kan 

122 
819 

Minn ... 

652 

Ohio 

2,087 

2,209 

Ohio 

1,833 

1,944 

Ohio 

721 

1,069 

La 

777 

815 

Ill 

2,289 

2,093 

Ill 

1,133 
961 

Wis 

1,244 

Mich.... 

1,801 

2,015 

Mich.... 

644 

623 

Miss 

47 
208 
662 

Ala 

Cal 

799 

Conn.... 

6,446 

6,916 

172 
1,244 

ni 

1,259 

Ill- 

133 
2,306 

Ind 

1,963 

Ind 

1,608 

1,897 

Ind 

2,385 

1,942 

Ind 

673 

616 

Ind 

1,101 

1,014 

Iowa.... 

1,243 

1,077 

Place. 


Vernon  • -.tp. 

Vornon tp. 

Vernon  • p.tp. 

Veruon  * -.tp. 

Vornon tp. 

Vernon p.h. 

Vernon tp. 

Vernon tp. 

Vernon p.T, 

Veruon tp. 

Vernon p.tp. 

Vernon p.h. 

Veruon tp. 

Vornon tp. 

Vernon p.T. 

Vernon tp. 

Vernon p.T. 

Vernon tp. 

Vernon tp. 

Vernon tp. 

Vernon p.tp. 

Vernon tp. 

Vernon p.tp. 

Vernon tp. 

Vernon  Centre p.T. 

Vernon  Centre p.v. 

Vernon  City h. 

Vernon  Depot p.T. 

Vernon  Springs tp. 

Verona p.T. 

Verona p.v. 

Verona tp. 

Verona tp. 

Verona tp. 

Verona p.T. 

Verona p.T. 

Vorona p.tp 

Verona v. 

Verona p.b. 

Verona h.   ' 

Verona p.tp, 

Verplanck p.T. 

Versailles tp. 

Versailles p.T. 

Versailles p.r. 

Versailles p.T. 

Versailles p.T. 

Versailles p.r. 

Versailles tp. 

Vesper -.p.v. 

Vesta tp. 

Vestaburg p.T. 

Vestal T. 

Vestal p.tp. 

Veteran tp. 

Veto h. 

Vevay p.T. 

Vevay tp. 

Vibbard p.T. 

Vicksburg tp. 

Vicksburg p.v. 

Vicksburg c. 

Victor tp. 

Victor p.T. 

Victor tp. 

Victor p.tp. 

Victor p.tp. 

Victor tp. 

Victor p.v. 

Victoria p.tp. 

Mctoria tp. 

Victoria p.tp. 

Victoria tp. 

Victoria h. 

Victoria  Station. ...p.T. 

Victoria p.T. 

Victory -tp. 

Victory p.tp. 

Victory tp. 

Victory p.T. 

Victory tp. 

Victory p.tp. 

Victory p.T. 

Victory  Mills. p.T. 

Vidalia p.T. 

Vienna tp. 

Vienna tp. 

Vienna p.T. 

Vienna tp. 

Vienna p.T. 

Vienna p.tp. 


County. 


Hnmholdt- 

PmIo  Alto 

Van  Burrn 

Wriglit 

Cowley 

Jackson- 

Isabella 

ShiawaMee 

Shiawassee 

Blue  Earth - 

Dodge 

Madison 

Clarke 

Sussex 

Sussex 

Oneida 

Oneida 

Clinton 

Crawford , 

Scioto 

Trumbull 

Crawford 

Windham 

Waukesha 

Blue  Earth 

Oneida 

Isabella 

Tolland 

Howard 

Orundy 

Boone 

Hancock , 

Huron 

Faribault 

Lee 

Lawrence 

Oneida 

Preble 

Alleghany 

Augusta. 

Dane 

Westchester-.... 

Brown , 

Brown , 

Ripley 

Woodford 

Morgan- 

Darke 

Alleghany , 

Onondaga- 

Redwood , 

Montcalm 

Deer  Lodge 

Broome 

Chemung 

Limestone 

Switzerland 

Ingham 

Ray 

Jewell 

Kalamazoo 

Warren 

De  Kalb 

Iowa 

Osborne 

Clinton 

Wriglit 

Ontario 

Ontario— 

Knox- 

Cass 

Ellis 

Bice 

Daviess 

Jefferson 

Marion 

Guthrie 

Mason 

Cayuga 

Cayuga. 

Venango 

Essex 

Vernon 

Saratoga. 

Concordia. 

Grundy 

Johnson 

Johnson 

Scott 

Scott 

Marshall 


State. 


Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

La 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn... 
Minn  ... 
tliss-... 

Mo 

N.  J 

N.  J 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 

Ohio 

Pa 

Vt 

Wis. 

Minn... 

N.Y 

Mich.... 
Conn  ... 
Iowa.... 
III-. 
Ky.. 
Me.. 
Mich.... 
Minn  ... 

Miss 

Mo 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Pa 

Va 

Wis 

N.Y 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ky 

Mo 

Ohio 

Pa 

N.  Y 

Minn... 
Mich.... 

Mon 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ala 

Ind 

Mich  ... 

Mo 

Kan 

Mich.... 

Miss 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Jlich.... 
Minn... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y-... 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Mo 

Mo 

Tenn.... 
Iowa.... 
Mich.... 
N.  Y-... 
N.Y-... 

Pa 

Vt 

Wis 

N.  Y 

La- 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 


Population. 


1870.     issa 


1,474 
176 


383 
1,797 


606 
860 


902 
1,979 


2,840 

391 
1,613 

988 
1,924 

930 
1,C16 

704 
1,180 


1,450 


352 
276 
607 


V!40 
6,757 


1,125 
T,471 


495 

3,268 

603 


2,221 
2,479 


12,443 
926 


940 
696 

2,437 
606 

1,190 


263 

"m 


900 
1,496 

6.50 
1,610 


906 


*  In  1872,  part  to  LoTett. 
404 


*  In  1870,  part  to  Lake. 


«  In  1870,  part  to  Henry. 


*  In  1879,  part  to  Blaine. 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OP  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED, 


Place. 


County. 


Vienna p.tp. 

Vienna )).v. 

Vienna tp. 

Vienna p.h. 

Vienna tp. 

Vienna tp. 

Vienna b. 

Vienna p.tp. 

Vienna p.tp. 

Vienna v. 

Vienna p.tp. 

Vienna p.v. 

Vienna tp. 

Vienna p.h. 

Vigilas V. 

Vigo tp. 

Village tp. 

Village  Creek p.r. 

Village  Green p.v. 

Villa  Kica p.r. 

Villenova p.tp. 

Ville  Platte p.v. 

Villisca p.v. 

Vina p.h. 

Vinal  Haven tp. 

Vincenneg tp. 

Vincennes c. 

Vincenneg p.v. 

Vincentown p.v. 

Vinegar  Ilill tp. 

Vineland p.b. 

Vineyard tp. 

Vineyard  Haven  ...p.v. 

Vinita tp, 

Vinland p.tp. 

Vinton c. 

Vinton p.v, 

Vinton p.v. 

Vinton tp. 

Viola - tp. 

Viola p.v. 

Viola tp. 

Viola p.v, 

Viola tp. 

Viola tp. 

Viola tp. 

Viola p.tp. 

Viola p.v. 

Violet tp. 

Vlrden tp. 

Virden p.v. 

Virgil tp. 

Virgil p.h. 

Virgil tp. 

Virgil ..tp. 

Virgil p.v. 

Virgil  City ph. 

Virgin  City p.v. 

Virginia v. 

Virginia p.v. 

Virginia tp. 

Virginia tp. 

Virginia tp. 

Virginia  City v. 

Virginia  City p.v. 

Virginia  City o. 

Virginia  Point v. 

Virginville p.h. 

Viroqua tp. 

Viroqua p.v. 

Visalia „ tp. 

Visalia p.v. 

Vischer'a  Ferry p.v. 

Visitation  Vallcy..h. 

Vistula p.v. 

Vivian p.tp, 

Vogansville p.v. 

Volcano p.v. 

Volcano p.v. 

Volga p.v. 

Volga tp. 

Volga  City p.v. 

Volinla. p.tp, 

Volney„ p.h. 

^olney p.tp 

Volo p.v. 

Voluntown tp. 

Volusia p.h. 

Vulture p.h. 

Wabash tp. 

Wabash tp. 


Pottawatomie.^... 

Lincoln 

Kennebec 

Kennebec 

Genesee 

Rock 

Macon 

Oneida 

Forsyth 

Clark 

Trumbull 

Fairfax 

Dane 

Walworth 

San  Miguel 

Knox 

Van  Buren 

Allamakee 

Delaware 

Carroll 

Chautauqua 

St.  Landry , 

Montgomery , 

Tohama 

Knox , 

Knox 

Knox 

Lee 

Burlington 

Jo  D.iviess 

Cumberland 

Lawrence 

Dukes 

Kingman 

Winnebago 

Benton 

Bates 

Gallia 

Vinton 

Lee 

Mercer 

Audubon 

Linn 

Osceola 


Sedgwick.... 

Olmsted 

Richland...., 

Fairfield 

Macoupin.... 
Macoupin.^. 

Kane 

Greenwood . 

Vernon 

Cortland 

Cortland 

Cedar 

Kane 

Placer 

Cass 

Warren 

Pemiscot .... 
Coshocton... 
Gunnison.... 

Madison 

Storey 

Galveston.... 

Berks 

Vernon 

Vernon 

Tulare 

Tulare 

Saratoga 

San  Mateo.. 

Elkhart 

Waseca 

Lancaster ... 

Amador. 

Wood 

Brookings... 

Clayton 

Clayton  

Cass 

Allamakee.. 


Lake.. 
Windham., 
Volusia™... 
Maricopa.., 

Clark 

Adams 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Kan 

La.. 

Me.. 

Me.. 

Mich.... 

Minn 

Mo..., 

N.  Y.. 

N.  C, 

Ohio., 

Ohio., 

Va..., 

Wis.. 

Wis.. 

N.Mex. 

Ind 

Iowa. .. 
Iowa... 

Pa 

Ga 

N.  Y.... 

La 

Iowa ... 

Cul 

Me 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa... 

N.  J 

Ill 

N.J.... 

Mo 

Mass.. 
Kan ... 
Wis.... 
Iowa.., 

Mo 

Ohio... 
Ohio..., 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.., 
Iowa.. 
Iowa .. 
Iowa.. 
Kan ... 
Minn. 
Wis.... 
Ohio... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Kan... 

Mo 

N.  Y... 
N.  Y... 

Mo 

Utah.. 

Cal 

Ill 

Iowa. . 

Mo 

Ohio... 

Col 

Mon... 
Nev.... 
Tex.... 

Pa 

Wis.... 
Wis.... 

Cal 

Cal 

N.  Y... 

Cal 

Ind.... 
Minn. 

Pa 

Cal 

W.Va. 

Dak.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa 

Mich.... 

Iowa. 

N.  Y., 

Ill 

Conn 
Fla  .., 
Arizona 
111.. 
Ind 


1,288 


1,916 


3,180 
836 


1,132 

"i'.m 


2,426 
1,540 


1,401 
135 
457 


1,851 
6,866 
5,440 


1,419 


1,040 
2,460 


656 
639 
407 


728 


2,087 


1,273 


954 

624 

370 

1,014 


7,048 


1,626 
913 


1,178 
*i','4i"4 
"6,565 
'"l,'06'2 


2,945 
957 


336 

368 

644 

69 

2,194 
188 
83 

2,834 
918 
170 

1,994 
136 

1,051 
50 
123 

3,190 

1,541 
167 
237 
212 

1,446 
149 

1,299 
93 

2,855 

9,408 

7,680 
113 
683 
649 

2,519 

1,769 
9.34 
276 

1,069 

2,906 
70 
196 

1,131 
685 
370 
641 
134 
130 
690 
290 
917 
121 

2,197 

1,987 

1,608 

1,357 
44 
873 

1,854 
175 
41 
199 
514 

1,420 
816 
653 

1,180 

344 

624 

10,917 

403 

46 

2,368 
762 

2,628 

1,412 
206 
80 
126 
544 
177 
499 
690 
287 

1,430 
344 

1,465 
93 

6,588 
126 

1,186 
46 
89 

3,275 

1,991 


Place. 


County. 


Wabash tp. 

Wabash tp. 

Wabash tp. 

Wuba.sh tp. 

Wubash tp. 

Wabash c. 

Wubash tp. 

Wabasha c. 

Wabaunsee tp. 

Wabaunsee p.h, 

Waccaniaw  „ tp. 

Waccamaw tp. 

Waccamaw tp. 

Waco tp. 

Waco p.v, 

Waco c. 

Waconia p.tp. 

Waconia p.v, 

Wacou8ta„ p.tp. 

Wacouta p.tp, 

Waddams tp. 

Waddington tp, 

Waddington p.v. 

Wade tp. 

Wade tp. 

Wade pint 

Wadena p.v. 

Wadena tp. 

Wadena p.v, 

Wadesborough tp. 

Wadesborough p.v. 

Wadesville p.v. 

WadesvlUe v. 

Wadesville h. 

Wadhams  Mills p.v. 

Wading  River p.v. 

Wadley p.v. 

Wadmalaw  Island.isl. 

Wadsworth p.h. 

Wad.sworth p.v. 

Wadsworth tp. 

Wadsworth p.v. 

Wagener« tp. 

Wagner tp. 

Wahalak» p.v. 

Wahbay p.h. 

Waheo tp. 

Wahkonsa' tp. 

Wahoo p.v. 

Wahpeton p.v. 

Wailesborough p.v. 

Wainscot v. 

Waite p.tp. 

Waitsburg p.v. 

Wnitsfleld tp. 

Waitsfield p.v. 

Wait's  River p.b. 

Wakarusa p.v, 

Wakarusa  ..M tp. 

Wakarusa p.h. 

Wa  Keeney p.v. 

Wakefield ph. 

Wakefield p.tp. 

Wakefield tp. 

Wakefield p.tp, 

Wakefield v. 

Wakefield p.v. 

Wake  Forest tp. 

WakeForestCoUege.p.v, 

Wakeman tp. 

Wakeman p.v. 

Wakenda p.v. 

Wakeshma tp. 

Walden tp. 

Walden p.v. 

Walden p.tp. 

Waldo tp. 

Waldo tp. 

Waldo p.h, 

Waldo tp. 

Waldo p.v. 

Waldo p.h. 

Waldo p.v. 

Waldoborough tp. 

Waldoborough p.v. 

Waldorf p.h. 

Waldron p.v. 

Waldron p.v, 

Waldron p.v, 

Waldron tp. 

Waldron.- p.v. 


Fountain 

Gibson 

Jay 

Parke 

Tippecanoe , 

Wabash 

Darke 

Wabasha 

Wabaunsee 

Wabaunsee 

Bniuswick 

Columbus 

Georgetown.... 

Sedgwick , 

York 

McLennan 

Carver 

Carver 

Humboldt 

Goodhue 

Stephenson 

St.  Lawrence... 
St.  Lawrence.. 

Clinton 

Jasper 

Aroostook 

Fayette 

Wadena 

Wadena 

Anson 

Anson 

Posey 

Schuylkill 

Wood 

Essex 

Suff'olk 

Jefferson 

Charleston 

Lake 

Washoe 

Medina 

Medina 

Oconee 

Clayton 

Kemper. 

Day 

Marion 

Webster 

Saunders , 

Richland 

Bartholomew., 

Suflblk , 

Washington.... 
Walla  Walla.. 
Washington..., 
Washington,.., 

Orange 

Elkhart 

Douglas , 

Shawnee , 

Trego 

Richland 

Middlesex 

Stearns , 

Carroll 

Westchester..., 
Washington..., 

Wake 

Wake 

Huron 

Huron 

Carroll , 

Kalamazoo 

Pope 

Orange 

Caledonia , 

Livingston 

Waldo 

Webster 

Marion 

Marion 

Josephine 

Sheboygan .... 

Lincoln 

Lincoln. 

Charles 

Scott 

Kankakee 

Shelby 

Platte 

Platte 


Population. 


Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ohio.... 
Minn .. 
Kan .... 

Kan 

N.  C... 

N.C 

S.  C 

Kan .... 

Nob 

Tex 

Minn  ., 
Minn  .. 
Iowa... 
Minn ., 

Ill 

N.  Y..., 
N.  Y... 

Ill 

Ill , 

Me , 

Iowa. . 
Minn . 
Minn . 
N.C... 
N.  C... 

Ind 

Pa 

W.Va. 
N.  Y... 
N.Y... 

Ga 

S.C... 

Ill 

Nev... 

Ohio... 

Ohio... 

S.C... 

Iowa.. 

Miss  .. 

Dak.... 

S.C... 

Iowa.... 

Neb. 

Dak., 

Ind.. 

N.Y, 

Me... 

Wash ... 

Vt.. 

Vt 

Vt 

Ind 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan ..... 

Ill 

Moss  „„ 
Minn  ... 

N.  H 

N.Y 

R.  I 

N.C 

N.C 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Mo 

Mich.... 
Minn ... 

N.  Y 

Vt 

Ill 

Me 

Mo 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Oregon . 

Wig 

Me. 

Me 

Md 

Ark._... 

Ill 

Ind 

Mo 

Mo 


1,284 
442 
933 
781 

2,129 

2,881 
824 

1,739 
517 


452 


4,310 


3,008 
1,097 


1,359 

2,599 

710 


1,804 
76 


2,337 

480 


260 
3,826 


2,283 

949 

1,982 


1,429 
4,016 


2,401 


4,135 

613 

1,185 


3,135 


1.216 


1,401 


1,254 
992 

1,051 
648 


1,029 
247 


4,174 


2,283 
oOO 
1.024 
753 
2,632 
3,800 

1,135 

2,088 
985 
65 
693 
003 

3,716 
710 
173 

7,295 

1,288 

218 

213 

88 

1,436 

2,608 
977 
750 

2,969 
131 
128 
430 
30T 

3,327 
800 
101 
874 
37 
165 
397 
281 

2,291 
64 
661 

2,837 

1,219 

3,247 

997 

115 

97 

1,998 

3,686 

1,064 
400 
166 
UK) 
204 
248 
938 
200 
62 
377 

2,383 

63 

418 

38 

6,647 
848 

1,392 
478 
732 

3,809 
466 

1,450 
682 
149 

1,570 
323 

1,804 
931 

1,171 
663 
34 
997 
248 
71 
110 

3,768 
715 
60 
239 
363 
371 
840 
141 


I  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced. 


405 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


FUo*. 


Wkldwlck tp. 

W«Ip« ^ p.tp. 

WalM p.tp. 

Wales p.tp. 

W«l«t tp. 

tValM p.h. 

Wal«a  Centre p.r. 

WalliHlla. p.h. 

Wallialla -p.T. 

Walhuudinc p.h. 

Walker ^ T. 

Walker _ tp. 

Walker tp. 

Walker tp. 

Walker p.T. 

Walker  1 -.tp. 

Walker tp. 

Walker tp. 

Walker tp. 

Walker tp. 

Walker tp. 

Walker p.r. 

Walker p.tp. 

Walker tp. 

Walker tp. 

Walkergville p.T. 

Walkerton „ p.v. 

Walkerville -p.h. 

Wnlkerville ....v. 

Wall tp. 

Wall ~ tp. 

Wallace tp. 


tp. 
.p.v. 
.p.T. 
.p.T. 
.p.tp. 
.p.h. 

.p.T. 

.p.b. 


Wallace. 

Walliice 

Wallace 

Wallace 

Wallace 

Wallaceburg 

Wftlliice'a  Switch.. 

Wallaceton 

WalhiceviUe p.h 

Walhignws pl'n, 

Walla  Walla c. 

Walled  Lake p.r. 

Wall  Hill p.h. 

Wallitigford tp. 

WnllinKford p.b. 

Wallingford p.h. 

Wallingford tp. 

Walliiitrford p.T. 

WallkiU tp. 

Wall  Lake tp. 

Wall  Lake p.T. 

Wall  Lake tp. 

Wallonia p.r. 

Wallpack tp. 

Wallsburgf p.h. 

Wallaburg p.T. 

Wallula p.T. 

Walnut tp. 

Walnut p.T. 

Walnut tp. 

Walnut .....p.T. 

Walnut tp. 

Walnut* tp. 

Walnut tp. 

Walnut tp. 

Walnut tp. 

Walnut ~...tp. 

Walnut tp. 

Walnut tp. 

Walnut tp. 

Walnut* _ tp. 

Walnut p.T. 

Walnut ....tp. 

Walnut tp. 

Walnut tp. 

Walnut tp. 

Walnut tp. 

Walnut< - tp. 

Walnut tp. 

Walnut tp. 

Walnut p.T. 

Walnut tp. 

Walnut tp. 

Walnut tp. 

Walnut* _ tp.' 

Walnut tp. 

Walnut tp. 


County. 


Iowa- 

Androaooggln-... 

Hampden 

St.  Clair. 

Eri 

Krie 

Erie 

Pembina ».. 

Oconee 

CoahoctoD 

Apache 

Hancock 

Jasper. 

Hush 

Linn 

Anderson 

Ellis 

Kent 

Henry 

Moniteau 

Vernon 

Vernon 

Centre 

Huntingdon 

Juniata ~ 

Frederick 

St.  Joseph 

Greene 

Deer  Lodge 

Ford 

Monmouth 

La  Salle 

Wallace 

Wallace 

Buchanan 

Steuben 

Chester 

Hempstead 

Washington 

Clearfield 

Venango 

Aroostook 

Walla  Walla..... 

Oakland 

Marshall 

New  HaTen ...... 

Now  Haren 

Will 

Butland 

Rutland 

Orange 

Sac 

Sac 

Wright 

Trigg 

Sussex 

Brown 

Wasatch 

Walla  Walla..... 

Bureau 

Bureau 

Marshall 

Marshall 

Montgomery .... 

Adair 

Appanoose 

Dallas 

Fremont 

Joflerson 

Madison 

Montgomery 

Palo  Alto 

Polk 

Pottawattamie.. 

Wayne 

Atchison 

Barton _ 

Bourbon 

Brown 

Butler 

Cowley- „.... 

Crawford 

Crawford , 

Jewell 

Pawnee 

Phillips 

Saline 

Adalr> 

Bates  - 


Bute. 


WU 

Me 

Mbm.... 
Mich.... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Dakota. 
8.O.. 
Ohio 
Arixona 

111 

Ind... 
Ind... 
Iowa, 
Kan. 
Kan.. 
Mich.... 
Mo... 
Mo.. 
Mo.. 
Mo... 
Pa.... 
Pa.... 
Pa.... 
Md.. 
Ind.. 
111.... 
Mon. 
111.... 
N.J. 
Ill- 
Kan 
Kan. 
Mo... 
N.Y. 
Pa-.. 
Ark. 
Va-.. 
Pa.... 
Pa-.. 
Mo... 
Wash... 
Mich 
Miss.. 
Conn.... 
Conn 

111 

Vt... 

Vt 

N.Y.. 
Iowa. 
Iowa. 
Iowa.... 

Ky 

N.  J  -.. 
Ohio.... 
Utah.... 
Wash.. 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

lud 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa. ... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa. 

Iowa.. 

Iowa.. 

Iowa.. 

Iowa.. 

Kan.. 

Kan. 

Kan-. 

Kan„ 

Kan- 

Kan.. 

Kan- 

Kan. 

Kan. 

Kan. 

Kan.. 

Kan  .... 

Mo. 

Mo.. 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


035 

666 

831 

1,368 

1,416 


1,474 

281 

1,081 


891 
*i',675 
"3,492 


1,356 
978 
1." 


688 

2,671 

734 


746 


297 
1,394 


75 
3,676 


2,023 
"9,477 


199 
'647 


1,187 
"1,972 


1,449 
213 
778 
489 


1,199 
869 


1,231 


074 
1,374 


849 

*iso8 


912 
495 


896 
605 

1,03(1 

1.820 

1,392 
63 
134 
67 
789 
70 
165 

1,612 
621 

1,292 
248 

1,135 
683 

1,87C 

1,102 

4,664 
760 
200 

1,467 

1,002 

1,699 
100 
764 
87 
444 
745 

3,829 
800 
340 
173 
167 
170 
711 
31 
137 
196 
60 
431 

3,688 
131 
77 

4,686 

3,017 
40 

1,846 
672 
11,486 
462 
208 
422 
101 
675 
19 
198 
142 

1,377 
616 

2,188 
148 

1,910 
604 
686 

1,040 
637 

1,108 
803 
785 
264 
906 
733 

1,446 

1,333 
345 
688 

1,130 
641 

1,253 

1,244 
196 
666 
499 
379 
466 
691 

1,207 


Place. 


p.T. 
p.tp. 
p.tp. 

p.v. 


Walnut tp. 

Walnut tp. 

Walnut tp. 

Walnut  City p.h. 

Walnut  Creek p.h. 

Walnut  Creek tp. 

Walnut  Creek tp. 

Walnut  Creek tp. 

Walnut  Creek p.tp, 

Walnut  Grove p.v. 

Walnut  Grove tp. 

Walnut  Grove tp. 

Walnut  Grove p.h. 

Walnut  Grove tp. 

Walnut  Grove p.T. 

Walnut  Grove tp. 

Walnut  Grove p.v. 

Walnut  Grove tp. 

Walnut  Grove tp. 

Walnut  Hill p.T. 

Walnut  Hill v. 

Walnut  Lake p.tp. 

Walnut  llldgo p.v 

Walnut  Town v. 

Walnut  Tree p.h. 

Walpole 

Walpole* 

Walpole 

Walsenburg.... 

Walshvllle tp. 

WalshvIIle p.v. 

Walterlio  rough p.v. 

Walthall p.v. 

Waltham tp. 

Waltham p.h. 

Waltham p.tp, 

Waltham p.tp. 

Waltham' tp. 

Waltham tp. 

Walton p.T. 

Walton tp. 

Walton .p.T. 

Walton tp. 

Walton tp. 

Walton tp. 

Walton p.T. 

Walton tp. 

Walton tp. 

Walton tp. 

Walton p.v. 

Waltz p.tp. 

Waltz p.v. 

Walworth p.tp. 

Walworth p.tp. 

Wamego tp. 

Wampum p.b. 

Wnnamlnga p.tp. 

Wanatah p.v. 

Wang tp. 

Wantage tp. 

Wapakoneta p.v. 

Wapella tp. 

Wapellu p.v. 

Wapello tp. 

Wapello p.v. 

Wappinger tp. 

Wapsi  nonoc tp. 

Waquoit p.v. 

Ward tp. 

Ward tp. 

Ward tp. 

Ward p.v. 

Ward tp. 

Ward tp. 

Ward tp. 

Ward tp. 

Warriensvllle p.v. 

Wardcntown v. 

Wards tp. 

Wardsborough tp. 

Wardsborough p.v. 

Ward's  Grove tp. 

Wardsvllle h. 

Ware tp. 

Ware p.v. 

Wareham p.tp. 

Warehouse  Point  ..p.v. 

Warfleld p.h. 

Warfieldburg p.h. 


Connty. 


Fairfield 

Gallia 

Pickaway 

Appanoose 

Contra  Costa.... 

Mitchell 

Macon 

Edgecombe 

Holmes 

Etowah 

Knox 

McDonough 

McDonough 

Neosho 

Redwood 

Greene 

Greene 

Granville 

Wilkes 

Marion 

Cumberland 

Faribault 

Lawrence 

Berks 

Yell 

Hamilton 

Norfolk 

Cheshire 

Huerfano 

Montgomery.... 
Montgomery.... 

Colleton 

Sumner 

La  Salle 

Tama 

Hancock 

Middlesex 

Mower 

Addison 

Cass 

Harvey 

Harvey 

Labette 

Books 

Sumner 

Boone 

Eaton 

Washington 

Delaware , 

Delaware , 

Wabash 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Walworth 

Pottawatomie .. 

Lawrence 

Goodhue 

La  Porte 

Renville 

Sussex 

Auglaize 

De  Witt 

De  Witt 

Louisa 

Louisa 

Dutchess 

Muscatine 

Barnstable 

Randolph 

Clarke 

Todd 

White  Pine 

Alleghany 

Hocking 

Tioga 

Edgefield 

Hardy 

Westmoreland., 

Aiken 

Windham 

Windham 

Jo  Daviess 

Austin 

Hampshire 

Hampshire 

Plymouth 

Hartford 

Martin 

Carroll 


Ohio- 
Ohio- 
Ohio.. 
Iowa. 
Cal  ... 
Kan- 
Mo... 
N.  C- 
Ohlo- 
Ala... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Kan- 
Minu 
Mo.... 
Mo.... 
N.  C- 
N.  C„ 

111 

Me.... 

Minn  ... 

Ark.. 

Pa.... 

Ark.. 

III-.. 

Mass 

N.H 

Col 

Ill 

Ill 

S.C 

Miss 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Me 

Mass.... 
Minn... 

Vt 

Ind 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Ky 

Mich.... 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ind 

Mich.... 

N.  Y 

Wis 

Kan 

Pa 

Minn ... 

Ind 

Minn ... 

N.J 

Ohio 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

N.  Y 

Iowa.... 
Mass.... 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Minn... 

Nev 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Pa 

S.C 

W.  Va... 

Pa 

S.  C.-... 

Vt 

Vt - 

111 

Tex 

Mass 

Mass 

Blass.... 
Conn.... 

Ky 

Md 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


2,072 
1,732 
1,630 


1,:«)4 
1,008 
1,321 


1,960 
1,128 


1,698 
1,005 


2,137 
1,830 


1,740 


1,115 


306 

9,065 

179 

249 


1,645 


3,216 

866 

2,36 


2,236 
2,291 


3,630 
2,150 
1,437 


1,870 
870 


1,944 


1,614 
421 


745 
1,305 

285 
2,477 


4,259 
"3,098 


i  In  1870,  part  to  Lincoln. 
•  lu  1870,  part  to  Summit 

406 


» In  1878,  part  to  Webster. 
4  Since    1870,   area    much    re- 
duced. 


•  Since    1870,  area    much    re- 
duced. 


•  Since  1870,  part  to  Norwood 

and  part  from  Sharon. 
T  In  1874,  part  to  Sargeant 


POPULATION  OH'  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Warfordsburg„ p.h. 

Waring tp. 

Warlioks tp. 

AVarminstor p.tp. 

Warm  Springs p.tp. 

Warner tp. 

Warner p.  v. 

Warner. ....h. 

Warner tp. 

WarnerTiUe p.Y. 

WarnersvlUe v. 

Warren p.  v. 

Warren p.tp. 

Warren. ta. 

Warren. p.tp. 

Warren tp. 

Warren. tp. 

Warren ~ tp. 

Warren p.r. 

Warren- tp. 

Warren tp. 

Warren ..tp. 

Warren tp. 

Warren tp. 

Warren tp. 

Warren_ tp. 

Warreu.. p.b. 

Warrea» tp. 

Warren tp. 

Warren tp. 

Warren tp. 

Warren tp. 

Warren tp. 

Warren p.r. 

Warren p.r. 

Warren tp. 

Warren p.v. 

Warren tp. 

Warren p.tp. 

Warren p.v. 

Warren tp. 

Warren« tp. 

Warren tp. 

Warren p.h. 

Warren tp. 

Warren p.r. 

Warren tp. 

Warren p.tp. 

Warren tp. 

Warren tp. 

Warren- tp. 

Warren p.r. 

Warren tp. 

Warreu  i tp. 

Warren tp. 

Warren tp. 

Warren p.b. 

Warren p.tp. 

Warren tp. 

Warren tp. 

Warren p.v. 

Warren p.tp. 

Warren tp. 

Warrensburg p.r. 

Warrensburg  2 tp. 

Warrensburg p.r. 

Warrensburg tp. 

Warrensburg _..p.r. 

Warrensburg p.r. 

Warrens  ville p.r, 

Warrensvillo p.tp. 

Warrenton p.r. 

Warrenton p.r. 

Warrenton tp. 

Warrenton p.r. 

Warrenton p.h. 

Warrenton p.r. 

Warrenville p.h. 

Warrington- p.r. 

Warrington «..p.h. 

Warrington p.tp. 

Warrington tp. 

Warrior's  Mark....„tp. 
Warrior's  Mark..._.p.r. 

Warrior  Stand p.r. 

Warsaw p.r. 

Warsaw c. 

Warsaw p.r. 

Warsaw tp. 

Warsaw tp. 

Warsaw „ p.r. 


Connty. 


Fulton 

Ness , 

Cleveland 

Bucivs 

jMadison 

Merrimac 

Merrimac.... 
Washington.. 

Clarlc 

Schoharie. 

Guilford 

Bradley 

Litchfield 

Henderson ... 
Jo  Daviess.... 

Lake 

Clinton 

Huntington- 
Huntington - 

Marion 

Putnam 

St.  .loseph 

Warren 

Bremer 

Carroll 

Keokuk 

Lee - 

Lucas 

Poweshiek.... 

Story.- 

Wayne 

Morris ......... 

Knox 

Knox 

Baltimore 

Worcester 

Worcester 

Macomb , 

Midland 

Marshall 

Wiuona- , 

Camden 

Marion 

Marion.- 

Grafton , 

Grafton 

Somerset , 

Herkimer 

Belmont 

Jefferson , 

Trumbull 

Trumbull , 

Tuscarawas  .- 
Washington- 
Bradford  , 

Franklin , 

Warren , 

Bristol  

Colleton 

Washington- 
Washington-, 

St.  Croix -. 

Waushara-..., 

Macon 

Johnson , 

Johnson 

Warren , 

Warren , 

Greene _.., 

Du  Pago , 

Cuyahoga-..., 

Warren 

Warren „., 

Warren 

Warren , 

Fayette _, 

Fauquier , 

Windham  -.... 

Escambia 

Hancock , 

Bucks- 

York 

Huntingdon-, 
Huntingdon-, 

Macon 

Hancock , 

Kosciusko-... 

Gallatin 

Goodhue , 

Kice 

Klce 


Pa. 

Kan-.. 

N.  C 

Pa 

N.  C... 
N.  H.., 
N.H.. 
Ohio.... 
Wis.-. 
N.  Y„., 

N.  C 

Ark 

Conn.., 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Iowa.., 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa.., 
Iowa.., 
Iowa.., 
Iowa.., 
Kan-., 

Me 

Me 

Md 

Moss... 
Mass.., 
Mich.., 
Mich... 
Minn.. 
Minn .. 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.H... 
N.  H-., 

N.  J 

N.  y.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

R.  L_... 

S.  C 

Vt 

vt 

Wis 

Wis 

Ill 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y... 
N.  Y— 
Tonn  .. 

Ill 

Ohio.... 

Ga- 

Mo.  .... 
N.  C... 

N.O 

Tox 

Va 

Conn... 

Fla 

Ind..... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa- 

Ala 

Ill 

Ind 

Ky 

Minn .. 
Minn.. 
Minn.. 


Population. 


1,607 
840 
498 

1,667 


673 


1,786 

1,2;» 

1,692 

951 


2,291 
1,087 

760 
1,208 

927 

""'799 


963 
1,137 


614 
'i',974 


317 
2,625 


1,938 


819 

472 

2,425 


960 


2,705 
1,503 
4,099 
1,637 
4,605 
3,457 

822 
1,604 
1,421 

606 
2,014 
3,008 
1,631 
1,008 


467 
632 


4,804 
2,945 
1,679 


1,429 
620 
688 

2,886 
941 


1,256 


949 
1,726 
1,209 


3,583 
2,206 
715 
1,027 
1,000 


56 

282 

1,869 

1,061 

1,169 

1,537 

373 

54 

435 

263 

615 

301 

639 

45 

1,897 

1,137 

1,843 

1,164 

603 

3,107 

1,075 

771 

1,273 

1,044 

419 

1,238 

32 

944 

1,073 

463 

1,703 

603 

2,166 

396 

678 

3,889 

1,620 

2,401 

300 

108 

1,006 

690 

2,531 

73 

786 

278 

1,204 

1,430 

4,531 

1,923 

6,653 

4,428 

869 

1,903 

1,336 

627 

2,810 

4,007 

1,877 

951 

273 

746 

660 

285 

6,778 

4,049 

1,725 

748 

114 

204 

1,409 

1,022 

299 

3,616 

816 

46 

1,464 

65 

1,185 

95 

959 

1,825 

1,238 

206 

145 

3,106 

3,123 

666 

1,148 

1,018 

122 


Warsaw .....p.v. 

Wai-saw tp. 

Warsaw p.r, 

Warsjiw tp. 

Warsaw p.v, 

Warsaw p.v, 

Wai-saw V. 

Warsaw p.tp. 

Warsaw p.v. 

Wartburg p.r. 

Wartrace  Depot p.r. 

Warwick p.v, 

Warwick tp. 

Warwick p.v. 

Warwick tp. 

Warwick p.r. 

Warwick tp. 

Warwick tp. 

Warwick p.tp, 

Warwick _...tp. 

Warwick r. 

Warwick  - p.tp. 

Waseca p.r. 

Wasepi - p.v. 

Washburn p.v. 

W«.sh  burn p.h. 

Washburn p.tp. 

Washburn p.v. 

Washburn tp. 

Washburn p.v. 

Washington p.v. 

Washington tp. 

Washington v. 

Washington tp. 

Washington p.r. 

Wash  i  ngton tp. 

Washington* tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington p.r. 

Washington c. 

Washi  ngton p.r. 

Washington p.r. 

Washi  ngton tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington p.r. 

Wasliington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Wm  sh  i  ngton tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Wash  i  ngton tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washi  ngton tp. 

Wa.shi  ngton p.r. 

Washington tp. 

Wash  i  ngton tp. 

Wasliington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Wash  i  ngton tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

W^ashi  ngton tp. 

Washington ....tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 


Connty. 


Benton 

Wyoming-.. 
Wyoming.... 

Duplin 

Duplin 

Coshocton-.. 

Hamilton 

JefTerson 

liichmond-.. 
Morgan-.,... 

Bedford 

Cecil 

Franklin...... 

Franklin 

Orange 

Orange 

Tuscarawas., 

Bucks 

Chester 

Lancaster-.. 
Lancaster-.. 

Kent 

Wtiseca 

St.  Joseph-.. 

Woodford 

Black  Hawk. 
Aroostook-.. 

Barry 

Clark  

Grant 

Hempstead.. 

Alameda 

Calaveras 

Nevada. 

Nevada 

Sonoma- 

Yolo 

Litchfield 

Litchfield 

Wasliington. 

Wilkes 

Idaho 

Carroll 

Tazewell 

Tazewell 

Will 

Adams 

Allen 

Blackford-.. 

Boone 

Brown 

Carroll 

Cass 

Clarke 

Clay 

Clinton 

Daviess 

Daviess 

Dearborn 

Decatur 

Delaware 

Elkhart- 

Gibson 

Grant- 

Greene 

Hamilton.-.. 

Harrison 

Hendricks... 

Jackson 

Knox -.. 

Kosciusko-,. 

Marion 

Miami, 

Monroe , 

Morgan 

Newton 

Noble 

Owen 

Parke 

Pike , 

Porter , 

Putnam 

Randolph  _„, 

Ripley 

Rush 

Shelby , 

Starke 

Tippecanoe.. 

Warren 

Washington., 
Wayne -., 


Population. 


State. 

1870. 

1880. 

Mo 

615 

N.  Y 

3,143 

3,227 

N.  Y 

1,631 

1,91C 

N.C 

1,362 

1,904 

N.  C 

182 

Ohio 

277 

Ohio 

148 

Pa 

1,122 

1,414 

Va 

116 

Tenn.... 

159 

Tenn.... 

468 

Md 

320 

324 

Mass. ... 

769 

713 

Mass.... 

206 

N.  y 

6,736 

6,699 

N.  Y 

938 

1,043 

Ohio 

1,387 

1,625 

Pa. 

775 

722 

Pa 

1,266 

1,267 

Pa 

3,345 

4,038 

Pa 

226 

R.I 

10,453 

12,164 

Minn.... 

551 

1,708 

Mich..- 

100 

Ill 

272 

4.50 

Iowa.... 

„ 

24 

Me 

449 

809 

Mo 

217 

Wis 

153 

Wis 

146 

Ark. 

730 

Cal 

3,019 

4,592 

Cal 

642 

Cal 

638 

627 

Cal 

195 

Cal 

54*8 

643 

Cal 

809 

1,155 

Conn.... 

1,563 

1,690 

Conn.... 

241 

D.  C 

109,199 

147,293 

Ga 

1,.'506 

2,199 

Idaho... 

470 

Ill 

603 

060 

Ill 

3,466 

3,205 

Ill 

1,607 

1,397 

Ill 

1,664 

1,9115 

lud 

1,846 

3,159 

Ind 

1,628 

1,615 

Ind 

1,008 

1,273 

Ind 

1,391 

1,352 

Ind 

2,187 

2,836 

Ind 

920 

1,194 

Ind 

1,220 

1,644 

Ind 

1,357 

1,378 

Ind 

1,867 

1,796 

Ind 

1,134 

1,228 

Ind 

4,966 

7,496 

Ind 

2,901 

4,323 

Ind 

610 

499 

Ind 

4,591 

6,182 

Ind. 

1,190 

1,402 

Ind 

1,391 

1,405 

Ind 

757 

1,406 

Ind 

1,139 

1,351 

Ind 

640 

1,484 

Ind 

3,590 

4,058 

Ind 

1,176 

1,282 

Ind 

1,502 

1,602 

Ind 

960 

1,001 

Ind 

1,537 

1,651 

Ind 

2,288 

2,482 

Ind 

2,439 

2,399 

Ind 

1,:}06 

1,455 

Ind 

990 

1,081 

Ind 

3,151 

3,996 

Ind 

983 

1,106 

Ind 

766 

773 

Ind 

2,547 

3,138 

Ind 

1,213 

1,504 

Ind 

2,363 

2,070 

Ind 

647 

756 

Ind 

1,843 

1,835 

Ind 

2,051 

2,3:i9 

Ind 

1,206 

1,112 

Ind 

1,148 

1,189 

Ind 

1,390 

1,707 

Ind 

546 

730 

Ind 

1,376 

1,626 

Ind 

1,251 

1,308 

Ind 

4,172 

4,249 

Ind 

2,040 

2,016 

1  lb  1877,  part  of  Union  annexed. 


•  In  1870,  part  to  Centre  view. 


SObi  1874,  part  of  Fremont  annexed. 
407 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  TOE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


**Uo«i 


WMhtngton  ......^r. 

Waahiogton ~..tp. 

WMhlogton  „.„>..tp. 

WMhingtoB .~.tp. 

WasliiiiKtou  .....^.^tp. 

WHshiiiKton tp. 

WHshinictun  ....^>.tp. 

Wiwhiiigton ^..tp. 

Wadhiiigtoii «..tp. 

Wnsliliigtoa ».tp. 

Wnshiiigton ...tp. 

Wanlilngton ..tp. 

AVHsliington tp. 

Wiisliiiigton M..tp. 

W'BKliiiigton M..tp. 

Washington ~..tp. 

WiuhingtoQ ....tp. 

Wnshington tp. 

'WaxhiDgtoa tp. 

'Washington  1 »tp. 

Washington ....tp. 

Wiishlngton ....tp. 

WashiDgton M..tp. 

Washington ....tp. 

Washington ....tp. 

Washington ...tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington ....tp. 

Washington ~..tp. 

Washington* ~tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp, 

Washington tp. 

Washington ....tp. 

Washington  * tp. 

Wasliington  .........tp. 

Washington ..tp. 

Washington tp. 

Wasliington ....tp. 

Washington ~..tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington ....tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington ~..tp. 

Washington  * ~tp. 

Washington ....tp. 

Wasliington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington ....p.v. 

Washington tp. 

Washington >...tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington ....tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington ....tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington ....tp. 

Washington ~..tp. 

Washington ~..tp. 

Wasliington  .........tp. 

Washington ....tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington  .........p.T. 

Washington p.T, 

Washington ....p.r. 

Washington ~..pl'n. 

Washington  ......^tp. 

Washington _.p.T. 

Washington  .,,...~.p.tp. 
Wasliington  .........tp. 

Washington  .........tp. 

Washington -..tp. 

Washington -..tp. 

WaNhington* ~tp. 

Washington  .........tp. 

Washington -..tp. 

Washington  * ..tp. 

Washington .....— tp. 
Washington  ....^.-tp. 

Washington -..tp. 

Waxhington  ........tp. 

Washington  ' tp. 

Washington -..tp. 

Washington* tp. 

Washington —.tp. 


OouBty. 


W«yn« -.. 

WhlUey - 

Adair 

Adams 

Appauooae. 

Black  Uawk 

Bremer 

Buchanan 

Buena  Vista. 

Butler - 

Carroll -.. 

Caas. -. 

Chickasaw 

aarke 

Clinton. - 

Crawford 

Dallas - 

Des  Moines -.. 

Dubuque 

Greene 

Grundy 

Harrison 

Iowa 

Jackson 

Jasper 

Johnson 

Jones.— 

Keoknk. 

Lee 

Unn 

Lucas- 

Marion 

Marshall 

Montgomery 

Page 

Plymouth 

Pocahontas 

Polk 

Pottawattamie.... 

Poweshiek 

Ringgold— 

Shelby -., 

Story™ 

Taylor 

Van  Buren 

Wapello 

Warren 

Washington- 

Washington 

Wayne 

Webster -...„ 

Winneshiek 

Anderson- -.. 

Brown 

Chautauqua. 

Crawford 

Doniphan 

Jackson- 

Jewell - 

Nemaha 

Republic 

Rico -. -.. 

Saline 

Wabaunsee........ 

Washington........ 

Washington- 

Mason -....- 

St.  Landry 

Franklin 

Knox 

Knox — 

Berkshire —. 

Gratiot — 

Macomb 

Sanilac- - 

Le  Suenr - 

Buchanan- -.. 

Cedar -.. 

Clarke , 

Clay ...—....—.. 

Dallas 

Daviess- 

De  Kalb - 

Douglas- 

Franklin 

Greene 

Grundy 

Harrison -..-. 


State. 


Ind...- 
Iiid..,- 
lowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa.,. 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
lowa.- 
lowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa. .. 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
lowa.- 
lowa... 
Iowa,., 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
lowa.- 
lowa.- 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
lowa.- 
lowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa, .. 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa- 
Iowa,,. 
Iowa... 
Iowa.., 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa. .. 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa,., 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa .. 
Iowa- 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa.., 
Kan-.. 
Kan-.. 
Kan-.. 
Kan  -,. 
Kan-,, 
Kan  -,. 
Kan  -,. 
Kan-.. 
Kan  -.. 
Kan-.. 
Kan  -.. 
Kan  -.. 
Kan  ... 
Kan-.. 

Ky 

La- 

Me 

Me 

Mo 

Mass... 
Mich.., 
Mich... 
Mich.., 
Minn- 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo....- 
Mo  ...- 

Mo. 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo  ...„ 
Mo..-.. 
Mo ..... 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


379 

1^46 

49S 

636 
1,873 

648 
3,239 
4,-,i04 


402 


GG8 
694 
995 


408 
1,081 

963 
1,411 


C19 

1,061 

498 

933 

860 

1,467 

1,075 

1,483 

763 

1,286 

806 

426 

606 


626 
618 


1,666 

401 

1,036 

1,696 

3,379 

4,043 

2,575 

693 

765 

1,4C0 

427 


696 
2,613 


1,238 


240 

907 

62 

1,276 


694 

651 
2,057 

370 

359 
3,042 

978 
1,316 
2,609 
1,470 

810 
2,029 

213 
6,614 


1,014 
469 


814 

1,479 

708 

1,028 

1,816 

606 

3,171 

4,878 

396 

766 

646 

681 

1,199 

768 

036 

401 

780 

1,087 

973 

1,C54 

624 

693 

601 

921 

1,368 

999 

721 

2,006 

a'il 

1,686 

1,181 

1,231 

980 

760 

880 

350 

84 

979 

624 

810 

817 

606 

2,313 

903 

769 

1,754 

4,110 

4,078 

2,949 

900 

950 

1,509 

626 

970 

804 

1,282 

1,865 

723 

644 

461 

748 

786 

371 

678 

1,836 

C76 

553 

1,194 

32 

1,249 

120 

493 

1,144 

2,031 

952 

409 

3,390 

1,136 

1,389 

1,212 

1,645 

945 

2,2;J8 

480 

2,421 

1,094 

616 

776 


Place. 


Washington  • tp, 

Washington — tp. 

Washington -..tp. 

Washington tp, 

Washington -..tp. 

Washington -..tp. 

Washington  >•. tp, 

Washington tp. 

Washington" tp, 

Washington — tp, 

Wnshington  U tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp, 

Washington tp, 

Wa.'jiiington p.tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp, 

Washington tp, 

Washington tp, 

Washington r, 

Washington tp. 

Washington —tp. 

Washington p.b. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington p.T. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington -..tp, 

Washington tp, 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Wushington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington t. 

Washington tp, 

Washington tp. 

Wasliington -,.p.T. 

Washington -..tp. 

Washington tp, 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp, 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp, 

Washington tp, 

Washington tp, 

Washington tp, 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp, 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Wasliington tp, 

Washington tp. 

Washington -..tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington -..tp, 

Washington -,tp, 

Washington ...— ..tp. 

Washington h. 

Washington tp, 

Washington tp, 

Washington —tp, 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington -.,tp. 

Washington — ,tp. 

Washington — .tp. 

Washington — ,tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington -..tp, 

Washington tp. 

Washington  i» tp, 

Washington — tp. 

Washington — tp. 

Washi  iigton ...— .,tp, 

Washington tp, 

Washington tp. 

Washington — .tp, 

Washington ,- tp, 

Washington tp, 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington -,.tp. 


County. 


Jackson- 

Johnson 

Laclede- 

Lafayette 

Mercer 

Monroe 

Nodaway, 

Osage 

Pettis 

Ripley 

St,  Clair 

Stone 

Vernon— 

Webster 

Sullivan 

Bergen 

Burlington..,. 

Gloucester 

Mercer...——, 

Middlesex 

Morris.,..—... 

Warren- 

Warron  - - 

Dutchess 

Beaufort 

Beaufort 

Guilford 

Auglaize 

Belmont 

Brown 

Carroll 

Clermont 

Clinton 

Columbiana..,. 

Coshocton 

Darke 

Defiance 

Fayette- 

Franklin,....- 

Guerusey- 

Guernsey- 

Hancock 

Hardin 

Harrison ,. 

Henry 

Highland 

Hocking 

Holmes- 

Jackson 

Lawrence-.,.. 

Licking- 

Logan 

Lucas- 

Mercer.- , 

Miami 

Monroe- 

Montgomery . 

Morrow- , 

Muskingum-. 

Paulding 

Pickaway 

Preble 

Richland-...- 

Ricbland 

Sandusky—.. 

Scioto- 

Shelby 

Stark- 

Tuscarawas—.. 

Union 

Van  Wert 

Warren- - 

Wood 

Armstrong..,.. 

Berks- 

Butler , 

Cambria - 

Clarion- 

Dauphin,.....- 

Erle 

Fayette-...—, 

Franklin - 

Greene 

Indiana-. - 

Jefferson 

Lawrence...... 

Lehigh- 

Lycoming 


State. 


Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N,  H.. 
N.  J-. 
N.  J  „. 
N.J.-., 
N.J-.. 
N.  J.,., 
N.  J  ... 
N.  J.-. 
N.  J.,., 

N.  y_., 

N.  C_.. 
N.C,-. 
N.  C-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio- 
Ohio-,, 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-,, 
Ohio- 
Ohio.., 
Ohio-., 
Ohio-., 
Ohio.... 
Ohio-,. 
Ohio ... 
Ohio-., 
Ohio..., 
Ohio-., 
Ohio-., 
Ohio-., 
Ohio-., 
Ohio-., 
Ohio..., 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio..,, 
Ohio- 
Ohio-., 
Ohio-., 
Ohio- 
Ohio— 
Ohio- 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio- 
Ohio— 
Ohio- 
Ohio— 
Ohio-., 
Ohio- 
Ohio— 
Ohio- 
Ohio— 
Ohio- 
Ohio— 
Ohio- 
Ohio..- 
Ohio-.. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa- 

Pa- 

Pa 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa- 

Pa 

Pa—.., 

Pa. 

Pa 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


2,305 
2,992 


808 

1,612 

1,058 

1,691 

1,763 

680 

699 

606 


1,438 
839 

2,514 
609 

"T,294 


2,484 

4,040 

1.1" 

2,792 

3,304 

2,094 

823 

840 
1,367 
1,082 

740 
2,818 
1,250 
2,228 

768 
1,537 
1,016 
2,117 
1,334 

712 

654 
1,579 

883 
1,098 
1,141 

972 
1,634 
1,285 
1,133 
1,446 
1,25 

812 
1,549 
1,148 
1,305 
1,720 
1,758 

916 
1,242 

957 

996 
3,414 
1,496 


2,282 
1,085 
1,092 
1,980 
1,113 

819 
2,241 
1,229 
1,321 
1,180 
1,009 

996 
1,904 
1,240 
1,255 
1,943 
1,066 
2,364 

7G5 
1,4C6 
1,124 

612 
2,464 
1,122 


I  Since  1870,  area  much  reduced. 
»  In  1872,  part  to  Grant. 
»  In  1871,  part  to  Colfax. 
*  In  1870,  pan  to  Henry, 
408 


•  In  1876,  part  to  Agency. 

•  In  1871,  including  TiUage  of 

Kearney, 
'  In  1873,  part  to  St  John's. 


•  In  1872,  part  to  Harrison. 

•  In  1872,  part  to  Brooking. 
10  In  1871,  port  to  Jefferson. 


"  Since   1870,    part   to   Green 

Ridge, 
w  In  1871,  part  to  Doyal. 
u  In  1878,  part  to  Portaga 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


I 


CENSUS  RETUKNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPAEED. 


WaBliington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Wasliington tp. 

Washiugton tp. 

Washington p.b. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

AVasliington tp. 

Wasliington tp. 

Wasliington p.  v. 

Washington p.v. 

Washington tp. 

Washington p.v. 

Washington p.T. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Washington tp. 

Wasliington tp. 

Washington.. tp. 

Washington  Bor'gh  p.b. 
Washingtonlleights.p.v 
Washington  Lalte..tp. 
Washington  Mills..p.h. 
Wasliini;ton  Square.v. 
Washington vilio  ...v. 
Washingtonvillo  ...p.v. 
Washingtonville  ...p.b. 

Washoe  City p.h. 

Wiisioja p.tp. 

Wassaic p.T. 

Watab p.tp 

Wataga p.v. 

Watanga tp. 

Wateiborough tp. 

Waterborough p.T. 

Waterbury tp. 

Waterbury o. 

Waterbury tp. 

Waterbury tp. 

Waterbury p.T. 

Watorbnry  Centre..p.T. 

Wateree tp. 

Waterford p.h. 

Watorford p.tp. 

Waterford tp. 

Waterford tp. 

Waterford tp. 

Waterford p.h. 

Waterford p.tp. 

Waterford tp. 

Waterford p.T. 

Waterford tp. 

Waterford t. 

Waterford tp. 

Waterford p.T. 

Waterford tp. 

Waterford p.T. 

Waterford tp. 

Waterford p.b. 

Waterford t. 

Waterford tp. 

Waterford p.ti. 

Waterford p.T. 

Watorford p.tp. 

Waterford  Mills p.T. 

Waterloo p.T. 

Waterloo p.T. 

Waterloo p.T. 

Waterloo tp. 

Waterloo p.h. 

Waterloo tp. 

Waterloo! tp. 

Waterloo c. 

Waterloo' tp. 

Waterloo tp. 

Waterloo p.T. 

Waterloo h. 

Waterloo p.T. 

Waterloo h. 

Waterloo tp. 

Waterloo p.v. 

Waterloo tp. 

Waterloo t. 

W'aterloo p.h. 

Waterloo p.h. 

Waterloo T. 

Waterloo p.tp 

Waterloo tp. 

W'aterloo  _ tp. 


County. 


Northampton 

Xorthuniberland 

Schuylkill , 

Snyder , 

Washington 

Westmoreland ,.., 

Wyoming 

York 

Edgefield 

Rhea 

Washington 

Orange , 

Orange 

Rai)paUaunock ... 

Door 

Eau  Claire 

Green 

La  Crosse  _ 

Sauk 

Shawano 

Lancaster 

Cook , 

Sibley 

Dubuque 

Queens 

Westchester - 

Mahoning 

Montour 

Washoe 

Dodge 

Dutchess 

Benton 

Knox 

Watauga 

York , 

York 

Now  Haven 

New  Haven - 

Redwood 

Washington 

Washington™ 

Washington™ 

Kershaw - 

Stanislaus 

New  Loudon 

Fulton , 

Clinton „... 

Oxford , 

Oxford , 

Oakland 

Dakota 

Dakota 

Camden 

Camdon , 

Saratoga , 

Saratoga 

Washiugton 

Washington 

Erie , 

Erie 

Providence , 

Caledonia 

Caledonia 

Loudoun 

Racine 

Elkhart , 

Lauderdale 

Monroe 

De  Kalb 

Fayette 

Fayette , 

Allamakee , 

Black  Hawk 

Black  Hawk 

Lyon 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Clarke 

Douglas™ 

Merrimac. 

Seneca 

Seneca 

Athens.™ 

Fairfield 

Lawrence 

Juniata 

Venango 

Laurens , 

Grant 

Jefferson 


Pa..... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

S.C... 
Tenn 
Utah, 

Vt 

Vt 

Va... 
Wis.., 
Wis.., 
Wis.., 
Wis.., 
Wis.. 
Wis.., 

Pa 

Ill 

Minn ... 
Iowa 
N.  Y. 
N.  Y. 
Ohio. 
Pa... 
Nov.. 
Minn  ... 

N.  Y 

Minn... 

Ill 

N.C 

Mo 

Me 

Conn.... 
Conn.... 
Minn ... 

Vt 

Vt 

Vt 

8.  C 

Cal 

Conn.... 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Me 

Me 

Mich.... 
Minn  ... 
Minn  ... 

N.  J 

N.  J 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

R.  I 

Vt 

Vt 

Va 

Wis 

Ind 

Ala 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa. ... 
Iowa. ... 
Iowa... 
Kan.... 
Mich... 
Mich..., 

Mo 

Neb 

N.  H„.. 
N.  Y.... 

N.  Y 

Ohio™.., 
Ohio...., 
Ohio.... 

Pa 

Pa 

S.  0 

Wis 

Wis 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


801 
1,313 
1,541 
3,571 
1,416 

793 
1,444 
1,025 

223 


1,113 


384 

627 
901 
870 
1,042 
71 
073 


008 


172 

652 

1,134 


68 

1,205 

550 

1,548 


13,106 
10,826 


2,033 


3,057 


2,482 

454 

1,160 

1,286 


1,302 
331 


2,071 


3,031 
3,071 
2,046 


1,884 
790 


419 
1,580 


1,537 

1,259 

671 


747 
4,795 
4,337 

057 
1,229 


4,409 

4,086 

1,695 

85 


2,158 

951 

1,818 


1,920 

811 

1,362 

1,725 

4,292 

1,004 

700 

1,457 

1,074 

120 

483 

922 

151 

254 

427 

954 

882 

1,008 

1,175 

809 

700 

1,0:55 

880 

65 

128 

206 

958 

203 

91 

875 

228 

131 

734 

959 

1,482 

185 

20,270 

17,800 

54 

2,207 

756 

254 

4,999 

63 

2,701 

505 

1,278 

1,101 

82 

1,324 

424 

104 

2,149 

331 

4,328 

1,822 

2,128 

110 

1,822 

784 

440 

815 

92 

478 

1,451 

148 

190 

1,802 

1,376 

072 

75 

858 

2,983 

6,030 

884 

1,208 

195 

64 

104 

90 

4,399 

3,893 

1,957 

202 

49 

55 

185 

4,018 

1,029 

1,708 


Waterloo p.v. 

Waterman    p.v. 

W'aterman tp. 

Waterman  Station  .p.v. 

Water  Mill p.v. 

Water  Proof. p.v. 

Watersonville v. 

Water  Street p.h. 

Watertown ptp. 

Watertown p.v, 

Watertown p.v, 

Watertown p.tp. 

Watertown tp. 

Watertown tp. 

Watertown p.tp. 

Watertown tp. 

Watertown ....p.T. 

Watertown c. 

Watertown tp. 

Watertown  * tp. 

Watertown p.T. 

Watertown c. 

Watertown tp. 

Water  Vallej' p.T. 

Water  Valley p.T. 

Water  Village p.h. 

Waterville p.h. 

Waterville tp. 

Waterville p.T. 

Waterville  * tp. 

Waterville p.T. 

Waterville p.v. 

Waterville tp. 

Waterville p.v. 

Waterville tp. 

Waterville tp. 

Waterville p.T. 

Waterville p.h. 

Waterville p.tp, 

Waterville tp. 

Watervliet tp. 

Watervliet. p.v. 

Watervliet tp. 

Wuthona p.T. 

Watkins p.T. 

Watkins tp. 

Wutkins p.T. 

Watkins p.h. 

Wutkinsville p.v. 

Watopa tp. 

WatroHS p.v. 

Watrousville p.v. 

Watseka p.v. 

Watson tp. 

Watson p.v. 

Watson p.tp, 

Watson p.h. 

Watson p.v. 

Watson p.tp, 

Watson tp. 

Watson tp. 

Watsontown p.b. 

Watsonville p.v. 

Watterstown tp. 

AVatts tp. 

Wattsburg p.b. 

Watts  Flats p.v. 

Wattsville p.h. 

Wattsville p.h. 

Waubeck P-tp. 

Waubekoe ; v. 

Waucoma p.v. 

Wauconda tp. 

Wauconda p.T. 

Wiiughton T. 

Wankau p.v. 

W^aukechon P-tp. 

Waukee p.v. 

Waukegan tp. 

Waukegan.™ c. 

Waukesha tp. 

Waukesha p.v. 

Waukon p.v. 

Waukon tp. 

Wauniandee* tp. 

Waumandee p.li. 

Waunakeo p.v. 

Waupaca p.T. 

Waupaca tp. 

Waupecoug. p.v. 


County. 


Jefferson 

Parke 

O'Brien 

De  Kalb 

Suffolk 

Tensas 

Armstrong 

Huntingdon 

Litchfield 

Codington 

Rock  Island 

Middlesex 

Clinton 

Sanilac 

Tuscola 

Carver 

Carver , 

Jefferson 

.Teffei-son 

Washington 

Washington , 

Jefferson , 

Jefferson 

Graves 

Yalabusha 

Carroll 

Allamakee 

Marshall 

Marshall 

Keniiebec 

Kennebec 

Worcester. 

Le  Sueur 

Lc  Sueur 

Grafton , 

Lucas 

Lucas , 

Lycoming 

Lamoille 

Pepin 

Berrien 

Berrien 

Albany 

Doniphan 

Benton 

Dent 

Schuyler 

Union 

Oconee 

Wabasha , 

Mora , 

Tuscola 

Iroquois 

Effingham , 

Eflingham , 

Allegan 

Chippewa 

Atchison 

Lewis 

Lycoming 

Warren 

Northumberland, 

Santa  Cruz 

Grant 

Perry 

Erie 

Chautauqua 

Carroll 

Accomack 

Pepin 

Ozaukee 

Fayette 

Lake 

Lake 

Forsyth 

Winnebago 

Shawano 

Dallas 

Lake 

Lake.™ 

Waukesha 

Waukesha 

Allamakee 

Polk 

Buffalo 

Buffalo 

Dane 

Waupaca 

Waupaca 

Miami 


State. 


Wis 

Ind 

Iowa. .. 

Ill 

N.Y 

La 

Pa 

Pa 

Conn... 

Dak 

Ill 

Mass..., 
Mich... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn  ... 
Minn  ... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Wis  

Wis 

Ky 

Miss 

N.  H.... 
Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Me 

Me 

Mass.... 
Minn  ... 
Minn  ... 

N.  H 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Vt 

Wis 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

N.  Y 

Kan 

Iowa.... 

Mo 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ga 

Minn  ... 
N.  Mex. 
Mich.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Mich.... 
Minn ... 

Mo 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Cat 

Wis 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Va. 

Wis 

Wis 

Iowa.... 

Ill 

Ill 

N.  C 

Wis 

Wis 

Iowa.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Wis 

Wis 

Iowa.... 
Minn ... 

Wis 

Wis™.... 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

Ind 


Fopnlation. 


1870.      1880, 


727 


1,098 


4,320 

1,297 

49 

084 

1,241 


9.3:!6 
1,373 
1,450 


7,550 
2.222 


4,852 


33 
1,000 


573 

8.35 

1,074 


22,009 


1,006 
2,039 


043 
460 


1,551 
1.000 


1,220 


75 
1,146 

280 


1,181 

1,151 

680 

725 

286 


5,014 
4,507 
3,877 


1,138 


719 

100 

145 

291 

173 

316 

144 

60 

1,897 

746 

168 

6,426 

1,080 

60H 

1,098 

l,aJ2 

310 

10,697 

1,204 

1,894 

177 

7,883 

1,951 

100 

2,220 

43 

73 

2,094 

015 

4,072 

1,917 

473 

82S 

498 

64 

1,925 

383 

65 

647 

1,197 

1,897 

179 

22  220 

"'710 

194 

1,073 

2,716 

09 

3.50 

637 

100 

244 

1,507 

1,002 

190 

1,414 

60 

213 

1,470 

316 

258 

1,481 

1,799 

595 

451 

389 

243 

23 

38 

197 

200, 

225 

1,046 

29* 

311 

292 

645 

245 

4,491 ' 

4,012: 

4,013  I 

2,969 

1,350 

143 

960 

66 

279 

l,.39ii 

841 

140 


1  In  1870,  Including  the  city  of     « In  1872,  part  to  Reading. 

Waterloo.  »  In  1877,  part  of  Union  annexed. 

27 


*  In  1873,  part  to  West  Water- 
ville. 


»  In  1872,  part  to  Lincoln. 
409 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS   RETURNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PIm*. 


OooDty. 


XTanpoDM* .....tp. 

Waiipiiu 0. 

>Vaii|iun Ip. 

Waiiuiii o. 

>VaiiKtu „ tp. 

Waimcuii ._.... p.  T. 

%V*titouuk. tp. 

WHiitonin~ p.T. 

Wau\viiloa«_ p.tp. 

Wmirtka tp. 

Wmizeka. p.T. 

>V'>Teluii() p.T. 

AVkveUnd tp. 

Wiiverly p.T. 

Waverly p.T. 

Warerly p.v. 

WaTerljr p.T. 

WaTerly p.v, 

WaTerly p.T. 

WaTerly p.tp. 

Waverly tp. 

WaTerly p.T. 

WaTerly' tp. 

Waverly p.T. 

WKVerly v. 

Waverly p.T. 

Waverly p.v. 

Waverly p.b. 

Waverly p.T. 

Waverly p.h. 

Waverly  Mills p.T. 

Waverly  Station.. ..p.T. 

Wawaka p.T. 

AVawaruiiig P-tp. 

Wawayaiiila tp. 

Waxiihacliie p.T, 

Wan  haw p.tp. 

Way  Cross p.T. 

Way  land p.T. 

Waylaiiil._ p.tp, 

Way  land tp. 

Way  land p.v. 

Way  land tp. 

Way  land p.h. 

Wajland tp. 

W'ayland  Depot p.T. 

Wayland  Springs...p.v. 

Waymansville p.h. 

Waymart p.b. 

WAyue p.tp. 

Wayno._ tp. 

Wayne.„ tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne._ tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayae„ tp. 

Wayne,„ tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne.„ tp. 

Wayne_ tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne* tp. 

Wayne* tp. 

Wayne p.tp, 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne.. tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne.- tp. 

M'ayne_ tp. 

Wayne. tp. 

Wayue.„ p.v. 

Wayne* tp. 

Wayne p.v. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne._ tp. 

Wiiy»ie._ h. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne p.v. 

Wayne_ tp. 

Wayne.- tp. 

W«yne„ tp. 

Wayne,-. tp. 

Wayne.- tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne-. tp. 

W'ayuo _ tp. 

Wayne— tp. 


OmndT 

Fund  Jii  Lao 

Fond  dii  Lac 

Marathon 

Marathon 

Fulton , 

Watiithara. 

Waushara. 

Milwaukee 

Crawford , 

Crawford , 

Montgomery.... 
I'litlawuttaroie, 

Morgan 

Morgan 

Bremer _... 

Union- 

ISHltimoro 

Middlesex 

Van  Uuren 

Martin 

Lafayette 

Lincoln  

Lancaster 

Cattaraugus 

Tioga 

Pike 

Lackawanna.... 

Humphrey 

Walker 

Wright 

Sussex 

Noble 

Ulster 

Orange 

Ellis 

I^ncastor 

Ware 

Henry 

Middlesex 

Allegnn 

Allegan 

Chariton 

Clarke 

Steuben 

Steuben 

Lawrence 

Bartholomew... 

Wayne 

Dii  Page 

Allen 

Bartholomew.., 

Fulton 

Hamilton.- 

Henry 

Huntington 

Jay 

Kosciusko 

Marlon 

Montgomery .. 

Noble 

Owen 

Itandolph 

Starke 

Tippecanoe 

AVayne 

Henry 

Jones... 

Mitchell 

Monroe.- 

Doniphan- 

Kd  wards 

Kennebec 

Kennebec 

Cass 

Wayne 

Bollinger 

Buchanan 

Passaic 

Passaic 

Steuben 

Steuben 

Adams 

Ashtabula 

Auglaize 

Bt'Imout 

Butler 

Champaign 

Clermont 

Clinton 

Columbiana-.. 


SUte. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


in 

Wia.-.. 

Wis 

Wis.-.. 

Wis 

Ohio.... 

Wis 

Wis.... 
Wis.... 

Wis 

Wis 

lud 

Iowa.., 

Ill 

Ind...., 
lown.. 

Ky 

Md .... 
Miuis.. 
Mich.... 
Minn  ... 

Mo 

Mo 

Neb 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Pa 

Tenn.... 

Tex 

Minn  ... 

Va 

Ind 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Tex 

S.C 

Gtt 

Iowa.... 
Mass.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Tenn.... 

Ind 

Pa 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa  ... 
Iowa. ... 
Iowa.... 

Kau 

Kan 

Mo 

Me 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  J 

N.  J 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio...., 
Ohio...., 


720 
1,9;« 
2,l«l 
1,.H49 
l,7'.t7 
1,474 

8Ul 


3,G80 
1W3 


2,*i91 


1,234 
253 
887 

1,339 


2,23'J 

l,20i 

353 

207 


252 
8,151 
1,900 


1,240 

1,963 

685 

674 


2,553 


65 

6G7 

1,019 

1,742 

1,836 

1,131 

1,308 

3,318 

804 

l,.'i26 

3,GG4 

3,7:i8 

1,418 

1,2:56 

1,3:« 

3,220 

606 

1,801 

13,179 

1,258 

1,178 

305 

655 

2,070 


938 


999 
833 
630 
803 
1,621 


891 


1,169 
817 
1,011 
1,700 
1,694 
1,729 
1,690 
1,267 
766 


779 

2,3.%3 

1,2:12 

4,277 

1,001 

1,905 

708 

295 

6,088 

1,055 

230 

692 

776 

1,121 

127 

2,345 

179 

3,790 

310 

1,186 

84 

030 

1,228 

132 

3Cfl 

2,767 

1,539 

329 

610 

92 

124 

170 

350 

8,547 

1,879 

l,:i64 

1,.541 

C28 

171 

1,962 

1,942 

640 

917 

64 

2,591 

605 

124 

82 

603 

1,091 

2.1(10 

1,943 

1,282 

1,039 

3,251 

9C3 

3,094 

4,777 

4,772 

1,709 

3,526 

1,288 

4,370 

797 

1,32:5 

17,1 13 

1,311 

1,178 

495 

627 

1,961 

236 

960 

220 

996 

919 

701 

1,111 

1,757 

92 

827 

260 

1,126 

836 

1,288 

1,719 

1,728 

1,631 

2,164 

1,448 

848 


Place. 


County. 


Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp, 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne p.tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne - tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp, 

Wayne.- tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp, 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne tp. 

Wayne p.tp 

Wayne  City p.h. 

Way  nesbo  rough p.v. 

Waynesboroufjh p.v. 

Wiiynesliorough p.b. 

Waynesborougli p.v. 

Way  nesbo  rough p.v. 

Wayiiesburg ji.v. 

Waynesburij j>.h. 

Way  nesburg h, 

Waynesburg p.v. 

Waynesburg v. 

Waynesburg p.b. 

Waynobfiflii p.v. 

Wayncsfiehl tp. 

Wayne  Station h. 

WayneBville tp. 

Waynesville p.v. 

Waynesville p.h. 

Waynesville tp. 

Waynesville p.v. 

Waynesville p.v. 

Waynetown p.v. 

Waynmanviile p.v. 

Wayzata p.v. 

Woa p.tp, 

Wea tp. 

Weare tp. 

Weare tp. 

Weare p.v. 

Weatherford c. 

Wcatherly p.b. 

Weathersfield tp. 

Weathersfield p.tp. 

Weaver tp. 

Weaver p.h. 

Weaver's  Station. ..|>.h. 

Weavorville p.tp. 

Weavervillo p.v. 

Webb tp. 

Webb  City i>.v. 

Webb  City p.v. 

Webber tp. 

Webberville p.v. 

Weber tp. 

Webster p.v. 

Webster tp, 

Webster h. 

Webster tp. 

Webster p.v. 

Webster tp. 

Webster p.h. 

Webster tp. 

Webster tp. 

Webster tp. 

Webster p.h. 

Webster p.tp. 

Webster ]>lut. 

AVebsler p.tp, 

Webster tp. 

Webster p.tp. 

Webster p.tp. 

Webster tp. 

Webster p.v. 

Webster tp. 

Webster p.v. 

Webster v. 

Webster tp. 

Webster p.v. 


SUte. 


Darke 

Fayette- 

Jefferson 

Knox 

Monroe 

Montgomery... 
Muskingum-.. 

Noble 

Pickaway 

Tiiscarawaa 

Warren 

Wayne 

Armstrong 

Clinton 

Crawford 

Danphin 

Krle 

Greene 

Lawrence 

Mifflin 

Schuylkill 

Lafayette 

Washington-., 

Wayne 

Burke 

Wayne 

Franklin 

Wayne 

Augusta 

Decatur, 

Lincoln 

Cniwford 

Stark 

Cltestor 

Greene 

Auglaize 

Lucas 

Clinton 

De  Witt 

De  Witt 

Pulaski 

Haywood 

Haywood...... 

Warren 

Montgomery.. 

Upson 

Hennepin 

Tippecanoe.... 

Miami 

Oceana 

Hillsborough. 
Hillsborough. 

Porker 

Carbon 

Trumbull 

Windsor 

HunilK.ldt 

Wabasha 

Darke 

Trinity 

Buncombe 

Ueynolds 

Franklin 

Jasper 

Lake 

Ingham 

Juflei'son 

Hancock 

Harrison 

Kosciusko , 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Hamilton 

Keokuk 

Madison , 

Polk 

Webster 

Breckenridgo 
Androscoggin.-... 

Peiioliscut 

Worccstt-r 

Washtenaw..,., 

Rice 

Merriniuc 

Monroe 

Monroe- „, 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Scioto 

Wood 

Westmoreland 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


Ohio. 
Ohio. 
Ohio. 
Ohio. 
Ohio. 
Ohio. 
Ohio. 
Ohio. 
Ohio 
Ohio 
Ohio 
Ohio 
Pa.... 
Pa..., 
Pa,... 
Pa.... 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Wis 

Wis 

Ill 

Ga 

Miss 

Pa 

Tenn  ... 

Va 

Ind 

Ky 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa. , 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 

Pa 

Ill 

HI 

Mo 

N.  C 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Ind 

Ga. 

Minn  .. 

Ind 

Kan.... 
Mich..., 
N.H.... 
N.  U.... 

Tex 

Pa 

Ohio..,. 

Vt 

Iowa... 
Minn... 
Ohio.... 

CttI 

N.  C 

Mo 

Ark 

Mo 

Mich... 
Mich... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

lowu... 

Iowa... 

Iowa... 

Iowa... 

Iowa.... 

Ky... 

Me... 

Me.... 

Mass 

Mich. 

Minn 

N.H. 

N.  Y. 

N.Y.. 

N.  C, 

N.  C, 

Ohio.. 

Ohio.. 

Pa.... 


1,983 
1,;5:56 
1,664 
1,068 
1,262 
1,100 
1,608 
796 
790 
1,132 
2,905 
1,714 
2,028 
701 
1,464 


1,295 
1,663 
1,040 
1,4.V5 
1,.540 
1,050 
1,710 


1,345 


\;iri 


2,045 


970 


1,543 


1,261 

l,:i24 

492 

2,092 


1,076 
6,184 
1,657 


1,026 


660 


939 
28 

4,703 
974 
414 
689 

2,749 


1,407 


;>  In  1878,j»rt  to  Kineveh. 

410 


«  In  1871,  part  to  Union. 


>  Since  1S70,  part  to  Webster. 


4  In  1877,  part  to  Dowa^ac. 


POPULATION  OF   THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF   THE  UNITED   STATES. 


;ENSUS   RETURNS   OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Webster p.r. 

Webster tp. 

Webster  City p. v. 

Wodgefield p.  v. 

Wedron p.b. 

WceduiHn p.b. 

Weedsport p.  v. 

Weehawken p.tp. 

Weekstown h. 

Weeping  Water p. v. 

Weesaw tp. 

Weigelstown p.h. 

Weimar p.  v. 

Weimer tp. 

Weir - p.T. 

Woisenburg p.tp. 

Weissport p.b. 

Welaka p.T, 

Welch tp. 

Welch tp. 

Welch's  Creek tp. 

Wclcliville p.T, 

Weill tp. 

Weld p.T, 

WeUlersvillo h. 

Wclilon p.T, 

AVoldon p.tp. 

Welilou tp. 

Weldoii p.T. 

Weldon  Spring p.h. 

Wellborn p.T. 

Weller tp. 

WoUersburg p.b. 

Well  fleet p.tp, 

WoUford p.T. 

Wellington c. 

WiUlington_ tp. 

Wollitigton p.tp, 

Wellington p.tp, 

Wellington p.T. 

Wellington tp. 

Wellington p.T. 

Wellington p.b. 

Wellington tp. 

Wells tp. 

Wells tp. 

Wells p.tp. 

Wells tp. 

Wells p.T. 

Wells tp. 

Wells p.T. 

Wells tp. 

Wells p.v. 

Wells „ tp. 

Wells p.tp. 

Wells tp. 

Wells _„ tp. 

Wells p.T. 

Wells tp. 

WelUborough p.T. 

Wellsborough p.b. 

Wellsburg p.v. 

Wellsburg T, 

Wellsburg p.v. 

Wells  River 

Wells  Tannery. 

Wellston 

Wellsville. 

Wellsville 

Wellsville tp. 

Wellsville p.T, 

Wellsville p.T, 

Wellsville p.T, 

Wellsville p.T. 

Welsh  Run p.b 

Wclton „tp. 

Welton p.h. 

Wondell p.tp. 

Wendell  Depot p.T. 

Wenliam p.tp. 

Wenona p.v. 

Wenonah...- p.v. 

Wentworth- p.tp. 

Wentwortb „tp. 


..p.v. 
..p.b, 

...p.T. 
..p.T. 
.p.T. 


County. 


Wentworth-..., 

Wentzville 

Wergeland. «, 

Werner „ 

Wertsvllle 

Wescosville 


..p.v. 

...p.v. 

-tp. 

..p.v. 

..p.h. 

...p.v. 


Taylor 

Vernon 

Hamilton 

Sumter 

La  Salle 

HcLean 

Cayuga. 

Hudson 

Atlantic 

Cass 

Berrien 

York 

Colorado 

Jackson , 

Cherokee.- , 

Lehigh 

Carbon , 

Putnam- , 

Goodhue 

Capo  Girardeau... 

Columbus 

Oxford 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Henderson 

De  Witt 

Benzie 

Halifax ...« 

Halifax 

St.  Charles 

Suwanoe 

Henry 

Somerset 

Barnstable 

Spartanburg , 

Sumner. 

Sumner 

Piscataquis 

Renville 

Lafayette 

Lorain 

Lorain , 

Millard 

Slonroe 

Appanoose 

Mai'sball 

York „ 

Tuscola 

Faribault.- 

Rice 

Klko 

Hamilton 

Hamilton- 

JelTerson 

Bradford 

Fulton 

Il\itland 

Rutland 

Monroe 

La  Porte 

Tioga 

Chemung. 

Krio 

Brooke...- 

Orange 

Fulton 

Jackson 

Franklin 

Montgomery 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Columbiana 

York 

Cache 

Fi-anklin 

Clinton 

Clinton 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Essex 

Marshall 

Gloucester 

Grafton 

Rockingham 

Rockingham 

St.  Charles 

Yellow  Medicine, 

Juneau 

Hunterdon 

Lehigh 


State. 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


W.Va.. 

Wis 

Iowa.... 

S.  0 

Ill 

Ill 

N.  Y 

N.  J 

N.J 

Neb 

Mich.... 

Pa 

Tex 

Minn ... 

Kan 

Pa 

Pa 

Fla 

Minn... 

Mo 

N.  C.-... 

Me 

Me 

Me 

Tenn.... 

Ill 

Mich.... 

N.  C. 

N.C 

Mo 

Fla 

Ill 

Pa 

Mass.... 

S.  C 

Kan  -... 

Kan 

Me 

MInu ... 

Mo 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Utah.... 

Wis 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Me 

Mich.... 

Minn 

Minn  ... 

Nov., 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio, 

Pa.... 

Pa.... 

Vt.... 

Vt.... 

Wis.. 

Ind.. 

Pa.... 

N.Y. 

Pa-., 

W.  Va- 

Vt... 

Pa-.. 

Ohio 

Kan. 

Mo.., 

N.  Y 

N.Y 
Ohio 
Pa..., 
Utah.... 

Pa 

Iowa. 
Iowa. 
Mass. 
Mass.. 
Mass- 
Ill 

N.  J.„ 
N.H. 
N.  0.. 
N.  C, 
Mo.... 
Minn 
Wis... 
N.  J„. 
Pa 


812 
1,339 


1,348 
697 


1,243 


1,644 
369 


3:J8 
689 
818 


1,130 


74 

2,674 

208 


1,560 

290 

2,135 


1,891 
1,281 


60-2 
953 


2,773 
194 


1,153 
""ill 


1,414 

1,207 

689 

483 


1,465 
642 


1,306 


3,781 
2,ft'U 
2,313 


886 
'956 
1.39 
'985 


971 
1,767 


257 

1,060 

1,848 
197 
40 
14 

1,411 

1,102 

68 

317 

1,369 

79 

626 

4.59 

370 

1,627 
388 
215 
928 
674 

1,177 
200 

1,040 

208 

41 

147 

94 

3,129 
932 
43 
134 

1,609 
226 

1,875 
302 

2,694 
725 
647 
335 
378 

2,384 

1,8U 
88 

1,050 
915 
668 

2,450 
440 
661 

1,100 
243 

1,113 
227 

1,400 

1,148 
614 
665 
217 
Gr>8 
101 

2,228 
6:i4 
256 

1,815 
613 
83 
952 
143 
867 

4,259 

2,049 

3,377 
121 

1,193 
62 
889 
79 
405 
lo:J 
889 
911 
166 
939 

2,488 
242 
643 
215 
254 
41 
134 


Place. 


Wesley _ tp. 

Wesley tp. 

Wesley p.tp. 

Wesley tp. 

Wesson p.T. 

West tp. 

West tp. 

West tp. 

West> tp. 

West tp. 

West* tp. 

West  Abington p.T. 

West  Acton p.T. 

West  Albany tp. 

West  Albany.- p.T. 

West  Albany v. 

West  Alden p.h. 

West  Alexander. ...p.b. 
West  Alexandria... p.T. 

West  Almond tp. 

West  Almond p.h. 

West  Amboy p.v. 

West  AmwcU* tp. 

West  Audover. p.h. 

West  Arctic. v. 

West  Baltimore p.h. 

West  Bangor p.v. 

West  Bangor- p.v. 

West  Bank tp. 

West  Bamet p.h. 

West  Bath tp. 

West  Bay  City  < c. 

West  Bear  River... tp. 

West  Benver tp. 

West  Bedford -p.v. 

West  Bflleville p.T. 

West  Bellovue b. 

West  Bend tp. 

West  Bend ..v. 

West  Bend b. 

West  Bend p.v. 

West  Bend tp. 

West  Berkshire p.T. 

West  Bethleliem...T. 
AVest  Betlilehem...tp. 
West  Blooninold...tp. 
West  BIoonifleld...tp. 
West  Bloomfield...p.T. 
West  Blue  Mound. p.v. 

West  Bolton p.T. 

Westborough p.tp 

Wostborough p.v. 

Westborough p.tp. 

West  Boxford p.T. 

West  Boy  Is  ton p.tp. 

West  Bradford tp. 

West  Branch p.T, 

West  Branch tp. 

West  Branch tp. 

West  Branch p.T, 

West  Branch T. 

West  Branch p.tp. 

West  Brandy  wine.  tp. 
AVest  Brattleboro'..p.T. 
West  Bridgewater.p.tp. 

West  brook p.tp. 

Westbrook* p.tp. 

Westbrook p.tp, 

AVestbrook tp. 

AVest  BrookfleId....p.tp. 
AVest  Brownsville..p.b. 
AVost  Brnn8wick...tp. 

AVest  Buffalo tp. 

AVest  Buffalo h. 

AVest  Burke p.T. 

AVest  Burlington. ..p.T. 
AVest  Burlington. ..tp. 
AVest  Burlington...p.h. 

AVestbury tp. 

AVeslbury p.T. 

AVost  Cain tp. 

AVest  Carlisle p.T. 

AVest  Curtilage T. 

AVest  Cascade v. 

AVest  Cassadnga h, 

AVest  Cntas;iuqua...v. 
AVest  Charle8ton...p.v. 
AVest  Charleston... p.v. 

AVest  Chatham p.v. 

AVest  Chazy p.v. 


County. 


Will , 

Kossuth 

AVashington 

AVashington 

Copiali , 

Effingham. 

McLean 

Marshall 

Montgomery .., 
Columbiana.... 
Huntingdon-.. 

Plymouth 

Middlesex 

AVabasba 

Albany 

Orleans 

Erie 

AVashington-.. 

Preble 

Alleghany 

Alleghany 

Oswego 

Hunterdon 

Merrimac 

Kent 

Montgomery... 

Franklin 

York 

Swift 

Caledonia 

Sagadahoc 

Bay 

Y'ul>a 

Snyder 

Coshocton 

St.  Clair- 

Alleghany 

Palo  Alto 

Androscoggin.. 

Yadkin 

AVashington-.. 
AVashington-.. 

Franklin 

Lehigh 

AVashington-.. 
Oakland 

Ontario 

Iowa 

Chittenden 

AVorcester 

Clinton 

Taylor 

Essex 

AVorcester. 

Chester.- 

Cedar 

Sioux 

Missaukee 

Ogemaw 

Delaware 

Potter 

Chester 

Windham 

Pl.vmoutli 

Middlesex 

Cumberland-.. 

Cottonwood 

Sampson 

Worcester. 

Washington-.. 

Schuylkill 

Union 

Fayette 

Caledonia  - 

Otsego 

Bradford 

Bradford 

Buchanan- 

Cayuga 

Chester 

Coshocton 

Jefferson 

Dubuque 

Chautauiua-.. 

Lehigh 

Miami 

Orleans 

Barnstable 

Clinton 


State. 


Ill 

Iowa. ... 

Me 

Ohio 

Miss 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Ohio 

Pa 

Mass.... 
Mass.... 
Minn  ... 

N.Y 

Vt 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Ohio 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  .1 

N.  H 

R.I 

Ohio 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Minn  .., 

Vt 

Me 

Mich..- 

Cal 

Pa 

Ohio 

Ill 

Pa 

Iowa..., 

Ste , 

N.  0 

Wis 

AVis 

Vt 

Pa 

Pa 

Mich... 
N.  Y-.. 
N.  Y-.. 

AVlg 

Vt 

Mass.... 

Ohio 

AViB 

Mass... 
Mass.... 

Pa 

Iowa... 
Iowa..., 
Mich..., 
Mich... 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Vt 

Mass..., 
Conn... 

Me 

Minn  .. 
N.  C...., 
Mass... 

Pa , 

Pa 

Pa 

AV.  A'a.. 

Vt 

N.  Y.... 

Pa. 

Pa 

Iowa... 
N.  Y.... 

Pa 

Ohio.... 
N.  Y„.. 
Iowa.... 
N.  Y_.. 

Pa. 

Ohio.... 

Vt , 

Mass ... 
N.  Y-.. 


Population. 


924 


336 

1,450 

464 

859 

941 

1,489 

432 

1,986 

1,3C7 


703 


455 

799 


4,872 


373 


407 
1,131 


l,fti8 
956 


1,964 
1,143 
1,651 


3,601 


2,862 
1,636 


302 
033 


1,8'« 

987 

6,683 


1,449 
1,842 
647 
1,163 
1,046 


1,398 


742 

643 

245 

1.4S2 

1,707 

1,047 

1,244 

1,770 

974 

2,050 

763 

347 

391 

829 

367 

177 

62 

S!)A 

796 

803 

63 

109 

1,039 


78 

113 

197 

205 

91 

815 

6,397 

371 

1,355 

135 

2,721 

320 

307 

i:i9 

77 

1,273 

8.'iO 

193 

1,414 

2,123 

1,096 

1,713 

317 

127 

165 

6,214 

228 

230 

316 

2,994 

1,020 

601 

420 

65 

139 

121 

374 

874 

359 

1,605 

878 

3,981 

196 

2.027 

1,917 

671 

1,358 

1,208 

32 

SI3 

107 

915 

67 

62(> 

137 

1,275 

154 

807 

392 

94 

650 

126 

324 

198 

407 


»  In  1871,  part  to  AA'alnut. 
»  In  1871,  part  to  Deeriug. 


*  In  1878,  part  to  Logan. 


*  In  1870,  including  Lambertville. 


« Incorporated  in  1877. 

411 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF  1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


PUo*. 


,....p.tp. 
PV 

,.p.b 


Went  Cbelm>ford...p.h. 

Wettt  Cherry tp. 

M'entcliMter. ,...tp. 

Wtvt  Cheater _.p.b. 

M'ntcheater. p.tpc 

\re*t  Cheater „.p.T. 

AVRMtchetter v. 

M'eat  ChMter „.p.b. 

Wmt  Che«terfleld...p.h. 
AVvat  Clevelaud  _...p.T. 

West  CUnon t. 

We«t  Cocalico tp. 

yvr«t  Coluiubia....„p.r. 

West  Concord »p.T. 

West  Conshuhuuken.b. 

Weet  Cortutli p.h. 

Woat  Curiiwall p.T. 

Weet  CovingtOD v. 

West  Creak p.tp. 

West  Creek p.T. 

West  Dauby p.T. 

West  Panville p.h. 

West  Day p.h. 

West  Decorab t. 

West  Deer tp. 

West  Deuuis p.T. 

West  Depere p.T, 

West  Deptford tp. 

West  Donegal _tp. 

West  Dover had. 

West  Dudley p.T 

West  Durham p.h 

West  Earl 

West  Kdmeston, 

West  Elizabeth. ,. 

West  Klk  City h. 

West  Klkton p.T, 

West  End T. 

We.st  End T. 

Westerhelm tp. 

Westerlo _.p.tp 

AVcsterly p.tp. 

Western ,tp. 

Western p.tp. 

Weetern tp. 

Western  College... .p.T, 
M'estern  BIoiiDd....(p. 

Western  Port p.T. 

Western  Protig tp. 

Western  Springs.... p.v. 

Western  Star t. 

Western  Star p.h. 

Wcsternville p.T. 

Westerville p.T. 

West  Exeter p.T. 

West  Fairlee tp. 

West  Faii'Iee p.T. 

West  Fairview p.T. 

Westfall tp. 

West  Fallow  field...tp. 
West  Fallo\vfield...tp. 

West  Falmouth p.T. 

West  FaimingtoD..p.T. 

Westfleld tp. 

Weatfield tp. 

Westfleld p.T. 

AVcstfield p.T. 

Westfleld „tp, 

Westfleld h. 

West  fleld p.tp. 

Wogtfl.ld p.tp. 

Westfleld p.tp 

Westfleld tp. 

Westfleld  1 p.tp 

Westfleld tp. 

Westfleld p.T. 

Westfleld tp, 

Westfleld.,.., tp. 

Westfleld tp. 

Westfleld tp. 

Westfleld p.T. 

Westfleld tp. 

Westfleld „ p.b. 

Westfleld tp. 

Westfleld. p.T, 

Westfleld ., tp. 

Westfleld p.T. 

Westfleld tp. 

Westfleld v. 

West  Finley p.tp. 

Westford -p.h. 


Oonnty. 


HiddleMX 

Montgomery .. 

Porter 

Washington.... 
WestuUester.... 

Butler 

Tuscarawaa.-.. 

Chester.- 

IIani|«hire 

Cuyahoga 

Washington-.. 

LauCiistor 

Mason 

Essex- M.... 

Montgomery.,, 

Orange 

Litchflcid 

Kenton.- 

Lake 

Ocean ,. 

Tompkins- 

Caledonia. 

Sunitoga 

SViuneshiek-... 

Alleghany 

Barnstable 

Brown 

Gloucester 

Lancaster 

Kent 

Worcester 

Androscoggin,. 

Lancaster 

Otsego 

Alleghany 

Clarion 

Preble 

Fulton 

Fairfax .- 

Lyon 

Albany- 

Washington-.. 

Henry 

Otter  Tail 

Oneida 

Linn 

Macoupin 

Alleghany 

Columbus 

Cook , 

Medina.- 

Summit 

Oneida '.. 

Franklin 

Otsego 

Orange _,.- 

Orange 

Cumberland.,. 

Pike 

Chester— 

Crawford 

Barnstable 

TrumbtUI 

Bureau- 

Clark 

Clark ,.„.... 

Ilamiltop.- 

Fayette  - 

Fayette 

Plyuiout.ti- 

Ar(K>stook-...„ 

llampdeii 

Dodge 

Union 

Chautauqua.... 
Chautauqua.... 

Richmond 

Surry 

Medina-. 

Morrow- 

Morrow 

Tioga 

Tioga 

Orleans-,, , 

Orleans , 

Marquette 

Marquette 

Sauk 

Sauk 

W'ashington,. 
Windham 


SUta. 


Mass... 
Kan-.. 

Ind 

Iowa... 
N.  Y.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio- 
Pa. 

Mass.., 
Ohio.... 
Kan  -.. 

Pa 

W.Va 

Vt. 

Pa 

Vt 

Conn... 

Ky 

Ind 

N.J-.. 
N.Y-.. 
Vt.-.-.. 

N.  y„.. 

Iowa... 

Pa 

Mass... 

Wis 

N.  J 

Pa 

Del 

Mass... 

Me 

Pa 

N.  Y.... 

Pa 

Pa 

Ohio-.. 

Ga 

Va 

Minu.. 
N.  Y„.. 

B.I 

Ill 

Minn.. 
N.  Y„.. 
lown... 

Ill , 

Md 

N.  0.-. 
III-.... 
Ohio-. 
Ohio... 
N.Y- 
Ohio... 

N.  y.... 

Vt 

Vt 

Pa. 

Pa. , 

Pa 

Pa , 

Mass,. 
Ohio-. 

Ill , 

III 

Ill 

Ind... 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 
Iowa.. 

Me 

Mass... 
Minn.. 
N.  J  ... 
N.  Y..., 
N.  Y-. 
N.Y-. 
N.  C.-. 
Ohio-, 
Ohio-, 
Ohio... 

Pa 

Pa 

Vt 

Vt 

Wis. — 

Wis.- 

Wis.. 

Wis... 

Pa..... 

Conu 


Population, 


1870,       1880. 


1,3C4 


0,015 
Vi57 
108 

6,6U0 


2,140 


1,158 


1,299 
*"87& 

i.i'ao 


1,893 
"690 


156 
C21 


2,384 
4,7(19 
1,372 


2,423 


741 
833 


OCO 

1,159 

603 


1,300 
1,100 


GU8 
1,708 


70 
6,519 

342 
2,753 
3,045 
3,0<X) 
4,905 

800 
1,0J3 
1,322 


912 

370 
721 


634 
T,236 

"i.iTi 


67 
034 

1,884 
92 

6,789 
281 
210 

7,040 
86 

1.781 
108 

2,312 
727 
377 

1,402 
09 
109 

1,520 

1,219 

607 

157 

70 

93 

574 

1,438 
750 

1,870 

1,399 

1,272 

2,506 
200 
98 

2,002 
110 
838 
92 
247 
874 
311 
283 

2,324 

6,1  U4 

1,741 
288 

2,204 
295 
084 

1,468 
456 
172 
112 
75 
206 

1,148 
111 

],o;i8 

G08 

1,000 

1,542 

1,048 

482 

372 

260 

1,310 

1,234 

647 

;«o 

000 

01 

104 

103 

7,587 

541 

2,210 

3,323 

1,024 

6,289 

1,405 

1,045 

1,100 

135 

907 

679 

698 

180 

834 

288 

1,402 

139 

1,524 

47 


Westford,,. p.tp. 

Westford p.tp. 

Westford tp. 


Westford 

Westford 

Wostlbrd 


..p.T, 
-tp. 

-p.T. 


.p.T. 
-p.tp 
..p.T, 
..p.h. 


Westford -.tp. 

Westford —p.tp. 

Westford  Centre.... p.T, 

West  Fork tp. 

West  Fork Ip. 

West  Fork tp. 

West  Fork  of  Ivy„tp. 

West  Franklin p.h. 

West  Franklin tp. 

West  Freedom p.T. 

West  Galena tp. 

West  Gardiner p.tp. 

West  Garland p.T. 

West  Giranl t. 

West  Girardvllle...T. 
West  Glouce.«ter....p.h. 

West  Glover p.h. 

West  Goshen tp. 

West  Gouldsborough.pv 

West  Grafton t. 

West  Granville p.T, 

W.GranvilleCorners.ph 
West  Great  Works.p.v. 
West  Greenwich.... tp. 
West  Groton.... 

West  Grove , 

West  Grove , 

West  Halifax  ... 

West  Hamburg v. 

Westliampton p.tp. 

Westliamjiton  * tp. 

Westliampton p.v. 

West  Hanover p.tp. 

West  Hartford p.tp. 

West  Haven p.b. 

West  Haven p.tp. 

West  Huzlohurst-.T. 

West  llazleton T, 

West  Hebron p.T, 

West  Hemlock tp. 

West  Hempflold tp. 

West  Honniker p.T. 

West  Henrietta p.T, 

West  Heron  Lake..tp. 

West  Hickory p.h. 

West  Hill h. 

West  Hoboken p.tp. 

West  Houtzdale t. 

West  Indiana b. 

West  Islip T, 

West  Jamaica h. 

West  Jefferson h. 

West  Jersey tp. 

West  Jersey p.h. 

West  Kansas  City..T. 

West  Keating tp. 

West  Kewaunee... .tp. 

West  Kingston p.T. 

West  Lafayette p.T. 

West  Lampeter tp. 

West  Lancaster p.T. 

West  land tp. 

Westland tp. 

West  Las  Animas.-p.T. 

West  Latrobe t. 

West  Lebanon p.T. 

West  Lebanon p.h. 

West  Lebanon p.T. 

West  Lebanon p.T. 

West  Lebanon.... 

West  Leesjiort 

West  Leyden 

West  Liberty h. 

West  Liberty p.T. 

West  Liberty p.T. 

West  Liberty p.T. 

West  Liberty b. 

West  Liberty p.h. 

West  Liberty p.T. 

West  Lima pji. 

West  Lincoln tp. 

West  Lincoln p.T. 

Westline tp. 

West  Lino p.T. 

West  Longmeadow.T. 


,.p.T. 
.p.T. 
.p.T. 


Ominty. 


Bliddlesex 

Martin 

Otsego 

Otsego 

Chittenden.. .. 
Chittenden.... 

Dodge 

Richland 

Middlesex 

Franklin 

Monona 

Woodbury...., 

Madiwin 

Posey 

Armstrong,,. 

Clarion 

Jo  Daviess.,,, 

Kennebec 

Penobscot , 

Erie , 

Scliuylkill 

Essex- 

Orleans 

Chester , 

Hancock 

Taylor , 

Hampden , 

Washington-. 

Penobscot , 

Kent 

Middlesex 

Davis 

Chester.- 

Windham 

Berks 

Hampshire.... 
Burlington..., 

Suffolk , 

Dauphin 

Hartford 

New  Haven  -, 

Rutland 

Copiah 

Luzerne , 

Washington- 
Montour , 

Lancaster 

Merriniac , 

Monroe ,.. 

Jackson- 

Forest 

Cumberland... 

Hudson , 

Clearfleld 

Indiana 

Suffolk , 

Windham 

Williams 

Stark 

Stark  _ 

Wyandotte.... 

Clinton 

Kewaunee.... 


Washington 

Coshocton 

Ijancaster- 

Fayette 

Guernsey- 

Richland 

Bent 

Westmoreland . 

Warren- 

York 

Grafton- 

W'ayne 

Indiana- 

Berks 

Lewis , 

Jay 

Muscatine 

Morgan , 

Logan 

Alleghany 

Butler 

Ohio 

Richland , 

Logan...., 

Addison , 

Redwood 

Cass 

Hampden 


Mass.... 
Minn... 
N.  Y-... 
N.Y-... 

Vt 

Vt 

Wis 

Wis 

Mass.... 
Iowa.... 
lowa..- 
lowa..- 

N.  0 

Ind 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Ill 

Mo 

Me 

Pa. 

Pa. 

Mass.... 

Vt 

Pa 

Me 

W.  Va . 
Mass..- 
N.Y-... 

Me 

B.  I._... 


Population. 


1870.     1880, 


1,803 

1,300 

'"i',237 


Moss-,,, 

„ 

Iowa.,,, 

Pa- 

Vt 

Pa. 

Mass 

687 

N.J  — 

1,309 

N.  Y-.„ 

Pa 

1,044 

Conn.... 

1,533 

Conn  ... 

1,852 

Vt- 

713 

Miss.... 

Pa 

N.  Y 

Pa- 

390 

Pa. 

3,C88 

N.  H 



N.  Y 



Minn... 

Pa 

Pa 

N.J.-... 

4,132 

Pa 

N  Y 

Vt 

Ohio 

Ill 

1,315 

Ill 

Kan  -... 



Pa 

Wis 

R.  I 

Ohio-... 

Pa 

1,700 

Ohio 

Ohio 

889 

Ohio 

1,140 

Col 

Pa 

Ind 

Me 

N.  H 

Oliio 

Pa. 

i>a 

N.  Y-... 



Ind..... 

., 

Iowa.... 

Kv 

142 

Ohio-... 

741 

Pa. 

Pa. 

W.  Va.. 

251 

Wis 

Ill 

3,053 

Vt 

Minn ... 



Mo 

„,,. 

Mass.... 



1,341 
801 


1,098 


691 
1,044 


<  Since  1S70,  porti  to  Cranford  and  Fanwood. 

412 


1  In  1879,  part  to  Eastbampton. 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF   THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS   OF   1870  AND   1880   COMPARED. 


Place. 


West  Louisville p.h. 

West  Maliauoy tp. 

West  Mahoning l...tp. 
West  Manch('Ster...p.T. 
West  Mancho8ter...tp. 

West  llantioim tp. 

West  Mansfield p.y. 

WMt  Marietta v. 

West  Marlborougli.tp. 
West  Maitinsburg.v. 

West  Meriden v. 

West  Miami  City...T. 
West  MIddlebiii  g...p.r. 

West  Middlesex p.b. 

West  Middletown...p.b. 

West  Milan p.li. 

West  Milford p.tp. 

West  Mill  Grove. ..p.v. 

West  Millville p.v. 

West  Milton p.v. 

West  Milton p.h. 

West  Milton v. 

Westminster ptp. 

Westminster tp. 

Westminster p.v. 

Westminster p.tp. 

Westminster p.v. 

Westmin-ster p.v. 

Westminster tp. 

Westminster p.v. 

Westminster  West.p.h. 

West  ilitcbell p.v. 

West  Monroe p.tp. 

West  Monterey p.v. 

Westmore p.tp. 

Westmoreland p.tp. 

Westmoreland tp. 

Westmoreland p.v. 

Westmoreland v. 

West  Morgantown.h. 
West  Myer8town...T. 
West  Nanticoke....p.v. 

West  Nantmeal tp. 

West  NewBrightou.p.T. 

West  Newbury p.tp. 

WestNewPortiand.v. 

West  Newton p.v. 

West  Newton* p.tp. 

West  Newton h. 

West  Newton p.b. 

West  Nottingham. tp. 

West  Olive p.h. 

Weston p.tp. 

Weston p.y. 

Weston p.T. 

Weston ...p.y. 

Weston p.v. 

Weston p.tp. 

Weston p.tp. 

Weston p.v. 

Weston  ». tp. 

Weston p.v. 

Weston p.h. 

Weston „ p.v. 

Weston ., tp. 

Weston p.y. 

Weston c. 

Weston p.v. 

Weston p.tp. 

Weston p.v. 

Weston tp. 

Weston p.tp. 

Weston tp. 

West  Oneonta. p.y. 

West  Orange h. 

West  Orange tp. 

West  Paris p.y. 

West  Peabody y. 

West  Peculiar. tp. 

West  Penn «p.tp. 

West  Pennsborough.tp. 

West  Perry_ tp. 

Westphalia tp. 

Westphalia _p.h. 

Westphalia p.tp. 

Westphalia p.v. 

West  Phoenix h. 

West  Pikeland p.tp. 

West  Pike  Kun<...tp. 

WostPitteton b. 

West  Plains p.v. 


County. 


Daviess 

Schuylkill 

Indiana 

Preble 

York 

York 

Logan 

Lancaster. 

Chester 

Blair 

NewUavon 

Montgomery... 

Logan 

Mercer 

Washington.... 

Coos 

Passaic 

Wood 

Clarion 

Saratoga 

Union 

Bock 

Los  Angeles.... 

Reno 

Carroll 

Worcester™ 

Allen 

Oconee 

Windham 

Windham 

Windham 

Mitchell 

Oswego 

Clarion 

Orleans 

Cheshire 

Oneida 

Oneida 

Westmoreland. 

Monongalia 

Lebanon 

Luzerne 

Chester 

Kichniond„ 

Essex 

Somerset 

Marion 

Nicollet- 

Allen » 

Westmoreland. 

Chester _.. 

Ottawa 

Fairfield 

Webster 

McLean.... 

Pottawattamie. 

Crittenden 

Aroostook 

Middlesex 

Lenawee 

Platte 

Platte 

Saunders 

Schuyler 

Wood 

Wood 

Umatilla 

Collin 

Windsor. 

Lewis 

Clark 

Dunn 

Marathon.- 

Otsego 

Franklin 

Essex 

Oxford 

Essex 

Cass , 

Schuylkill 

Cumberland.... 

Snyder 

Shelby 

Shelby 

Clinton 

Osage 

Onondaga 

Chester 

Washington-.. 

Luzerne 

Howell 


State. 

Population. 

1870. 

1880. 

Kv 

92 

4,494 

1,170 

229 

2,476 

1,194 

333 

60(J 

1,146 

107 

2,132 

311 

272 

918 

312 

GO 

2,591 

222 

290 

241 

42 

372 

901 

222 

2,607 

1,652 

225 

162 

1,377 

232 

75 

307 

1,314 

207 

480 

1,(J95 

2,744 

403 

527 

61 

108 

315 

1,027 

2,276 

1,989 

405 

250 

680 

99 

1,475 

804 

33 

918 

176 

191 

102 

162 

417 

1,448 

193 

2,150 

1,329 

6;j 

107 

2,:«1 
698 
440 
100 
987 

1,510 
630 
606 
908 
105 
67 

3,385 
198 
600 
776 

2,215 

2,101 
749 
697 
55 

1,7:J8 
207 
68 

1,005 
885 

2,544 
351 

Pa 

Pa 

Ohio 

1,131 

Pa 

Pa 

Ohio 

1,824 
1,147 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

1,189 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

N.Il 

888 
346 

N.  J 

Ohio 

2,060 

l>a 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Wis.-... 
Cal 



Md 

Mass.... 
Ohio 

2,310 
1,770 

s.c 

Vt 

Vt 

1,238 

Vt 

N.  Y 

Pa 

1,304 

Vt 

N.  H 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

412 
1,256 
2,952 

Pa 

W.  Va... 
Pa. 

Pa. 

Pa 

N.  Y-... 
tiass.,.. 
Mo 

1,070 
"'2,00c 

Ind 

Minn ... 
Ohio 

703 

Pa 

Pa 

Mich.... 

992 

879 

Conn.... 

Ga 

Ill 

1,054 
66 

Iowa.... 
Ky 

Me 

Mass.... 
Mich.... 

394 
1,261 

Mo 

Mo 

2,453 
1,614 

Neb.-... 
N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

1,833 

Oregon. 

Tex. 

Vt 

W.Va... 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

N.  Y-... 

931 

500 

3;i9 
265 

N.  J-... 
Me 

2,106 

Mass.... 

Mo 

Pa. 

Pa 

Pa 

Iowa.... 

1,980 

2,180 

686 

Mich.... 
Mo 

1,499 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Mo 

1,201 

1,252 

1,416 

130 

Place. 


West  Point- p.v. 

West  Point p.v. 

West  Point p.v. 

West  Point- tp. 

West  Point- p.v. 

West  Point tp. 

West  Point- tp. 

West  Point tp. 

West  Point p.v. 

West  Point p.v. 

West  Point p.v. 

West  Point tp. 

West  Point p.h. 

West  Point p.v. 

West  Point p.v. 

West  Point- h. 

We.-it  Point h. 

West  Point- p.v. 

West  Point p.tp 

Westport tp. 

Westport p.v. 

Westport p.v. 

Westport tp. 

Westport p.y. 

Westport p.tp, 

Westport p.tp, 

Westport tp. 

Westl)ort tp. 

Westport p.v. 

Westport p.y. 

Westjwrt tp. 

Westport p.y. 

Westport p.y, 

Westport tp. 

West  Porterville...v. 
WestPortMonmouth.h. 
West  Providence...tp. 

West  Randolph p.y. 

West  Reading y. 

West  Richfield p.y. 

West  River tp. 

West  Rumnoy p.h. 

West  Rupert p.v. 

West  Rnshville p.v. 

West  Rutland p.y. 

West  Sjidsbury tp. 

West  Saginaw h. 

West  Saint  Clair...tp. 
West  Saint  Paul... tp. 
West  Salamanca....p.v. 

West  Salem p.v. 

West  Salem v. 

West  Salem tp. 

West  Salem p.v. 

West  Sandhike p.v. 

West  Sandwich p.v. 

West  Seneca -.p.tp. 

West  Shaniokin....v. 

West  Shenango tp. 

West  Shoals p.v. 

West  Side tp. 

West  Side p.v. 

West  Side p.tp. 

West's  Mills p.y. 

West  Sononi p.v. 

West  Sparta tp. 

West  Springfleld...p.tp. 
West  Springfield. ..V. 
West's  Station  (We8t).v, 

West  StafTord p.v. 

West  Stockbridge..p.tp. 
West  Stougliton....v. 

West  Stratford p.b. 

West  Summit y. 

West  Swany^y p.y. 

West  Sweden p.tp. 

West  Topsham p.y. 

West  Town y. 

West  Town p.y. 

Westtown p.tp. 

West  Townsend....p.v. 

West  Troy p.y. 

West  Turin tp. 

West  Union.; p.h. 

West  Union tp. 

West  Union p.y. 

West  Union tp. 

West  Union p.tp 

West  Union p.tp 

West  Union p.y. 

West  Union y. 


County. 


Calaveras 

Troup 

Hancock 

Stephenson 

Tippecanoe 

White 

Butler 

Lee 

Lee 

Hardin 

Clay  

Bates 

Bates 

Cuming 

Orange 

Morrow 

San  Pete 

King  William.... 

Columbia 

Fairfield 

Fairfield 

Decatur 

Dickinson 

Oldham 

Lincoln 

Bristol 

Pope 

Jackson 

.lackson 

Cheshire 

Essex 

Essex 

Clinton.- 

Dane 

Morgan 

Monmouth 

Bedford- 

Orange 

Berks 

Summit- 

Randolph 

Grafton 

Bennington 

Fairfield 

Rutland 

Chester 

Saginaw 

Bedford 

Dakota 

Cattaraugus 

Edwards 

Wayne 

Mercer 

La  Crosse 

Rensselaer 

Barnstable 

Erie 

Northumberland 

Crawford 

Martin 

Crawford 

Crawford 

Nobles 

Franklin 

Preble 

Livingston 

Hampden 

Clark , 

Holmes 

Tolland 

Berkshire 

Norfolk 

Stratford , 

Union 

Cheshire 

Polk 

Orange 

Barnstable 

Orange 

Chester.-.....™..., 

Middlesex 

Albany.- 

Lewis 

Clark 

Fayette 

Fayette 

Norton 

Todd 

Steuben 

Adams 

Oconee 


State. 


Cal 

Ga 

HI 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Iowa.... 

Iowa. 

Ky.... 

Hiss- 

Mo.... 

Mo.... 

Neb... 

N.  Y.. 

Ohio.. 

Utah. 

Va.... 

Wis  .- 

Conn.... 

Conn. 

Ind... 

Iowa. 

Ky.... 

Me.... 

Mass . 

Minn 

Mo.... 

Mo.... 

N.H. 

N.  Y„ 

N.Y- 

Pa 

Wis... 
Utah. 
N.J... 

Pa 

Vt 

Pa.... 
Ohio- 
Ind... 
N.H- 

Vt 

Ohio- 

Vt 

Pa 

Mich. 

Pa 

Minn ... 
N.  Y.. 

Ill 

Ohio- 

I'a 

Wis... 
N.  Y.. 
Mass. 
N.Y.. 

Pa 

Pa 

Ind... 
Iowa. 
Iowa. 
Minn, 
Me.... 
Ohio.. 
N.  Y- 
Mass. 
Ohio.. 
Miss- 
Conn. 
Mass. 
Mass., 
Conn. 
N.  J.- 
N.H. 
Wis... 

Vt 

Mass., 
N.  Y. 

Pa 

Mass. 
N.  Y.. 
N.  Y„ 
111...., 
Iowa. 
Iowa. 
Kan- 
Minn 
N.  Y„ 
Ohio- 
8. 0... 


Population. 


1,405 

2,602 


611 
320 
1,894 
794 
206 


949 
3,361 


699 
2,724 

238 
2,146 
1,095 


1,577 


970 


1,612 
'"l85 


1,103 


713 
2,082 


3,196 
"357 


1,244 
2,606 


1,924 


10,693 
2,111 


2,032 
1,489 


307 

1,264 

486 


173 

1,972 
173 

2,744 
2»J7 
836 
8(K) 

1,840 
7M 
441 

1,786 
777 
7t 

1,009 

1,131 

87 

37 

65T 

»i2 

8,477 
127 
212 
63 
219 
612 

2,894 
291 

2,577 
950 
120 

1,737 
364 
248 

1,987 
134 
96 

1.179 

1,069 
170 
327 

1,&51 

52 

158 

212 

2,379 
693 
95 
951 
489 
469 
31.') 
878 

2,071 
432 
18.5 
283 

3,46.3 
22:i 
277 
174 

l,.59l 
446 
3,39 
106 
139 

1,157 

4,149 
245 
200 
129 

1,9-3 
388 

2,017 
468, 
430 
173 
146 
258 
175 
848 
629 

8,820 

2,006 
66 

2,448 

1,651 
684 
407 

1,271 
626 
192 


» In  1870,  including  Smicksburg.  » In  1871,  part  to  Eidgely.  «  In  1876,  part  to  Pair. 


II 


*  In  1870  including  Beallsyille. 
^8- 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


-P.T. 
..p.V, 
..p.T. 
..p.T. 
,.p.T. 


Oomntjr. 


Bute. 


W««t  Union 

W«it  Unity .~... 
Weat  Yienua.... 

WMtTilla. .... 

WMtviUe 

M' rat  villa tp. 

Wealrille pJi. 

AVaatrilla _.p.T. 

Weatrillo h. 

West  Vincent p.tp. 

Weat  Waterfonl...„». 
Wcat  \ViiterviIle...tp. 
Went  WntorTille  ...u.T, 
Weat  Walerrille  ...b. 
Weet  Wheatfleld...tp. 

West  Wlicolliig T. 

West  Wheeling  ..._T, 
Weat  WliilelHnd....p.tp 

Weat  Wiudaor tp. 

Weet  WinUaor tp. 

Weat  Wlnfleld p. v. 

Weatwood p.h. 

Weal  wood „.p.v. 

Weatwood y. 

West  Woodstock  ...p.v. 
West  Wrouth»m....p.v. 
West  Yarmouth.... p.T. 

Wetlierpdvllle p.v. 

Wethersfleldt _p.lp. 

Wethersfleld „.tp. 

AVetherBfield....„...p.v. 

W'etliersfleld p.tp, 

Wetmoro _tp. 

Wetmoro „.p.v. 

Wetmore -P-tp 

Wetunipka.....„ p.v. 

Weverton p.v. 

Wevertown p.v. 

Wexford p.tp. 

Weyau  wega tp. 

Weyauwega j>.v. 

Wey  bridge tp. 

Wey  bridge „.U. 

Weymonth p.tp, 

Weymouth tp. 

Weymouth p.v. 

Whalan p.v, 

Whaleyaville p.v. 

Wharton p.v. 

Wharton tp. 

Wharton p.tp, 

Wharton p.v. 

What  Cheer p.v. 

Whately p.tp, 

WheatnelJ .h. 

Whcatlield „.tp. 

Wheatfield »  p.tp, 

Wlieatfield tp. 

Wheatfield „.tp. 

Wheatfield _.tp. 

Wheatfield „.tp. 

Wheatland p.v. 

Wheatland ..-.p.v. 

Wheatland _.tp. 

Wheatland tp. 

Wheatland tp. 

Wheatland p.v. 

Wlieatland tp. 

Wheatland p.v. 

Wheatland.„ tp. 

Wheatland tp. 

Wheatland.™ tp. 

Wheatland ™.p.h. 

Wlieatia  ud tp. 

Wheatland* tp. 

Wheatland p.tp 

Wheatland p.v. 

Wheatland tp. 

Wheatland p.b. 

Wheatland tp. 

Wheatland tp. 

Wheatley p.v. 

Wheaton -.p.v. 

Wlieaton tp. 

WheatviUe p.h. 

Wheeler p.v. 

Wheeler tp. 

Wheeler tp. 

Wheeler tp. 

Vheeler pji. 


Doddridga-... 

Wllliaiua 

Oneida 

La  Porta 

Olouceatar.... 
Franklin...... 

Otsego 

Champaign... 
Mahoning.... 

Chester- 

Saratoga 

Kennebec 

Kennebec 

Le  Sueur 

Indiana. 

Cook 

Uelmont. 

Chester- 

Mercer 

Windsor 

Herkimer-... 
Kalkaska-.... 

liergen 

Hamilton-.... 

Windham 

Norfolk 

liarnstable.... 
Baltimore-.., 

Hartford 

Henry 

Henry 

Wyoming  -... 

Nemaha 

Nemaha 

McKeau 

Elmore- 

Washington . 

Warren  _ 

Wexford 

Wau|>aca , 

Waupaca 

Addison 

Addison 

Norfolk- 

Atlantic 

Atlantic 

FilUnore 

Worcester.... 

Wyandot 

Fayette 

Potter 

Wharton 

Keokuk- 

yraukliu 

Maricopa 

Clinton 

Sangamon... 

Jasper. 

Ingham 

Niagara 

Perry 

Yuba. 

Cnss 


Bureau- 

Fayette , 

Will 

Knox , 

Carrall 

Clinton-.... 

Barton 

Dickinson- 
Ford 

McPherson. 
Hillsdale.... 

Mecosta 

Itice 

Hickory 

Monroe 

Mercer 

Kenosha .... 

Vernon 

St.  Francis . 
Du  Page .... 
Chippewa-. 

Genesee 

Porter 

Lyon 

Sac 

Gratiot 

QruUot 


Population. 


W.Va- 
Ohlo-.. 
N.  Y-.. 

Ind 

N.  J-.. 
N.  Y.... 
N.Y-.. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohia... 

Pa. 

N.  Y-.. 

file 

file 

filiun.. 

Pa 

Ill 

Ohio- 
Pa 

N.J-.. 

Vt 

N.  Y„.. 
Mich.., 
N.  J-.. 
Ohio..., 
Conn.., 
Mass ... 
filass... 

Md , 

Conn... 

Ill , 

111 

N.Y— 

Kan 

Kan-., 

Pa 

Ala 

Md  ..... 
N.Y-., 
Mich.., 
Wis.-. 

Wis 

Vt 

Vt 

filass.., 
N.J.„. 
N.  J-. 
Minn.. 
Md.... 
Ohio- 
Pa. 

Pa. 

Tex.-. 

Iowa.. 

Mass.. 

Arizona 

III.. 

Ill 

Ind 

Mich.... 
N.  Y-... 

Pa 

Cal 

Dakota. 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Iowa..., 
Iowa. ... 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Mich.... 
Miih.... 
Minn  ... 

Mo 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Wis 

Wis-.... 

Ark 

Ill 

Wis 

N.  Y 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Mich  ... 
Mich.... 


1,068 


l,-i&6 


l,ai8 


1,177 
1,428 

708 


2,(>U.i 
1,2-17 


1,219 


Til 
1,1^7 


259 
1,243 


9,01U 
810 


1,478 

287 


874 


103 

781 

3,40C 

780 


492 

871 

1,1 ;« 


788 


1,613 
4U0 
681 


2,506 


098 
7!W 


366 

884 
l:<8 
G27 
170 

1,(587 
69 
166 
41 

1,238 
441 

1,647 
7f>4 
60 

1,:«>9 
2*14 
470 

1,345 

1,396 
6'JO 
694 
71 
309 
852 
144 
140 
299 
310 

2,173 

1,205 
348 

1,311 
063 
340 

1,438 
816 
100 
176 
419 

1,243 
722 
COS 
03 
10,670 
741 
191 
1;J4 
200 
399 

1,704 
346 
312 
719 

1,074 

74 

954 

703 

2i8 

l,',i07 

4,390 
790 
636 
147 
606 
958 

1,098 
220 
916 
616 
356 
816 
650 
20 

1,388 
981 

1,464 
191 

2,599 
683 
835 
917 
100 

1,160 

1,285 
96 
100 
124 
627 
968 
78 


Flao^ 


County. 


Wheeler p.tp. 

Wheclersbur^ p.v. 

Whoelur  Station..., p.v. 

Wheeling p.tp. 

Wheeling h. 

Wheeling p.h. 

Wheeling -p.h. 

Wheeling p.tp. 

Wheeling -tp. 

Wheeling p.v. 

AVIioeling tp. 

Wheeling -tp. 

Wheeling h. 

Wheeling c 

Wheelock p.h 

Whoelock tp. 

Wheelock p.h. 

AVhetstone tp. 

Whigliam p.v, 

Whigville h. 

Whipiiauy p.v. 

Whiskey  Bun tp. 

Whistler p.v. 

Whitaker tp. 

Whitaker's p.v. 

White tp. 

White tp. 

White tp. 

W'hito* tp. 

White tp. 

White  Bear tp. 

White  Boar  Lake..ti>. 
White  Bear  Lake  ..p.v. 

White  Breast tp. 

White  Breast tp. 

White  City p.v. 

White  Clay  Creck..hnd. 

White  Cloud* tp. 

White  Cloud p.v. 

AVhite  Cloud p.v. 

White  Cloud tp. 

White  Creek tp. 

White  Creek p.v. 

White  Creek p.h. 

White  Deer tp. 

White  Earth  Agency 
•tlud.Ueservation.p.v 

White  Eyes tp. 

Whitefield tp. 

Whitefield p.tp. 

Whitefield^ ip, 

Whitefield p.h, 

Whitefield tp. 

Whitefield p.v. 

Whiteford tp. 

White  Hall p.h. 

Whitehall tp. 

Whitehall p.v. 

Whitehall tp. 

Whitehall p.v. 

Whitehall h. 

White  Hall -v. 

White  Hall h, 

Whitehall tp, 

Whitehall tp, 

Whitelmll h. 

White  Hall p.h, 

Whitehall p.v, 

Whitehaven p.h. 

White  Haven. p.h. 

White  House tp. 

White  House —p.v. 

White  House h. 

WhitellouseStation.p.v, 

White  I^ke p.tp. 

Whiteland p.v. 

Whiteland v. 

Whiteley p.tp, 

Whiteniarsh tp. 

White  Mound tp. 

White  filonnd p.h. 

White  Oak tp. 

White  Oak tp. 

White  Oak tp. 

White  Oak tp. 

White  Oak p.tp. 

White  Oak tp. 

White  Oak tp. 

White  Oak p.tp. 

White  Oak -tp, 


Steuben 

Scioto 

Lawrence-.... 

Cook 

Carroll 

Delaware 

Marion.- 

nice 

Livingston ... 
Livingston ... 

Belmont 

Guernsey 

Guernsey 

Ohio 

Robeiison 

Caledonia 

Caledonia..... 

Crawford 

Decatur 

Gouesoe 

Morris 

Crawford 

Mobile 

Nash 

Edgecombe... 

Kingman 

Benton 

filacon  

Cambria 

Indiana. 

Ramsey- 

Poi>e 

Ramsey 

Lucaa 

Warren 

Morris 

New  Castle... 

Mills 

Doniphan 

Newaygo 

Nodaway 

Washington- 
Washingtou- 

Adams 

Union 


Becker 

Coshocton 

Marxhall 

Lincoln  

Kandiyohi 

Oktibbeha. 

Coos 

Coos 

Monroe 

Owen 

filuskegon 

filuKkegon 

Washington-. 
Washington-, 

Wayne 

Adams 

Bedford 

Lehigh 

Abbeville 

Albemarle 

Frederick 

Trempealeau. 
Wicomico...... 

Luzerne 

Robeson 

Lucas 

Lancaster, .... 
Hunterdon.... 

Oakland 

Johnson 

Chester. 

Greene 

filontgomery.. 

Jewell 

Grayson 

El  Dorado 

filcLean 

Mahaska 

Warren 

Ingham 

Harrison 

Henry 

Bladen 

Carteret 


8tat«. 


Population. 
1870.     188a 


N.Y-.. 
Ohio-.. 

Ala 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Minn... 

filo 

JIo 

Ohlo-.- 

Ohlo 

Ohio 

W.  Va.. 

Tex 

Vt 

Vt 

Ohio 

G« 

Mich,... 

N.  J 

Ind 

Ala 

N,  0 

N.  C... 

Kan 

JIo 

filo 

Pa 

Pa 

filiun  ... 
fillnn... 
fillnu... 
Iowa.,.. 
Iowa 
Kan- 
Del... 
Iowa. 
Kan. 
Mich 
Mo... 
N.Y. 
N.Y. 
Wis.. 
Pa-.. 


fillnn 
Ohio- 
Ill 

Me.... 

Minn 

Miss.. 

N.ll- 

N.  U. 

fillch..., 

Ind... 

Mich. 

Bllch. 

N.Y- 

N.Y- 

N.  C- 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

8.  C-. 
Va-... 
Va.„, 

Wis 

fild 

Pa 

N.  C 

Ohio-... 

Pa 

N.  J-... 
Mich..., 

Ind 

Pa 


Pa 

Kan.... 
Tex.-... 

Cal 

Ill 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 
fillch... 

Bio 

Mo 

N.  C 

N.  C 


1,330 
"i*,836 


1,240 
1,090 


19,280 

'"822 

"i,400 


1,127 


1,993 


969 
2,124 

4:io 

262 

""690 
1,016 


2,620 
60' 
843 


994 
2,881 


1,676 


023 
1,205 
1,694 

77 


1,196 


842 
6,564 
4,322 


3,318 
1,516 


1,321 

684 


1,180 


977 
8,151 


751 

632 

1,032 

685 

979 

872 

1,.357 

1,20.5 

842 


I  Tn  IRTI,  part  to  Newlngton. 
*  In  1877,  part  to  Morton. 

414 


*  In  1879,  part  to  Beade. 


*  In  1871,  part  to  Deer  Creek. 


»  Since  1870,  parts  to  Edward* 
and  St.  Jonu'a. 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Wliite  OiiU tp. 

Wliite  Oak tp. 

Vliite  Oak tp. 

White  Oak tp. 

White  Oak p.U. 

Miiite  Oiik tp. 

Wliite  Oaks p.v. 

Wliite  Oak  Springs.tp. 
White  Oak  Springs  p.h. 

White  Pigeon tp. 

White  Pigeon p.v. 

White  Plains p.v. 

White  Plains p.v. 

White  Plains p.h. 

White  Plains tp. 

White  Plains p.v. 

White  Plains tp. 

White[»ort p  v. 

Wliite  Post tp. 

Wliite  Post p.v. 

White  liiver p.tp. 

White  River tp. 

White  River tp. 

White  lUver tp. 

White  River tp. 

White  River' t\>. 

White  River tp. 

White  River v. 

.WhiteRivcrJunc'n.p.v. 
"~Vhito  Rock tp. 

k'hite  Rock tp. 

Ir'hite  Rock p.v. 

JVbite  Rock tp. 

Vhite  Rock p.v. 

RVUite  Rock tp. 

TV'liito  Rock p.v. 

IThite  Rock p.v. 

/hito's tp. 

nii  tesboroii  gli v. 

ITIiitesbo  rough p.v. 

IThitoshurg p.h. 

Hutesburg p.v. 

ITIiitesbnrg p.h. 

~tiitosburg h. 

Ifbitcsburg p.h. 

fhitosburg p.v. 

rhite's  Creek.. _...tp. 

I'hite's  Store p.tp. 

k'hitestone p.v. 

Hiitestown h. 

Hiitestown p.tp, 

niitestown p.h. 

l^hitestown tp. 

Ir'liite's  Valley p.h. 

ITliitesville p.v. 

Jhitesvillo p.v. 

Wliitesvillo V. 

Whitesville p.h. 

Whitesville p.v. 

Whiteville v. 

Whiteville tp. 

Whiteville p.v, 

Whiteville p.v. 

Whitewater tp. 

Whitewater p.v. 

Whitewater tp. 

Whitewater tp. 

Whitewater tp. 

Whitewater tp. 

Whitewater* tp. 

Whitewater tp. 

Whitewater tp. 

Whitewater tp, 

Whitewater p.v. 

White  Water  Station.h 

White  Wright p.v. 

Whitfield's  Patch...h. 

Wh  i  ting p.v. 

Whiting p.h. 

Whiting tp. 

Whiting p.v. 

Whiting p.tp. 

Whiting p.tp. 

Whitingham p.tp, 

AV'hiti  isville p.v. 

Whitley tp. 

Wliitmore tp. 

Whitney v. 

Whitney.- tp. 

Whitney p.v. 


Connty. 


Jones- 

Onslow.- 

F'olk 

Wake 

Brown 

Highland 

Lincoln 

Lafayette 

Lafayette , 

St.  Joseph 

St.  Joseph 

Oiilhoun 

Greene 

Hopkins. 

Westchester-.. 
Westchester-.. 
Spartanburg... 

Ulster 

Pulaski 

Clarke 

Tulare 

Gibson 

llamiltou.- 

Johnson 

Randolph 

Muskegon 

Barry 

Windsor 

Windsor. 

Ogle 

Republic 

Republic 

Huron 

Huron 

McDonald 

Washington-.. 

Hunt 

Bertie 

Oneida 

Grayson 

Madi^ion 

Carroll 

Letchor 

Genesee 

Armstrong 

Hambleu 

Bladen 

Anson 

Queens -.. 

Wilkinson 

Oneida 

Butler 

Vernon -.. 

Wayne 

Montgomery  .. 

Daviess 

Anne  Arundel 

Andrew 

Alleghany 

Effingham 

Columbus 

Columbus , 

Hardeman 

Franklin 

Wayne 

Dubuque 

Grand  Traverse.. 

Winona 

Bollinger , 

Cape  Girardeau... 

Hamilton , 

Oconee 

Walworth 

Walworth , 

Cape  Girardeau.. 

Graj'son 

Schuylkill 

Lake 

Monona 

Jackson 

Jackson 

Washington 

Addison 

Windham 

Worcester 

Moultrie 

Macon 

Calhoun 

Bav- 

Uiii , 


N.  C 

N.  C 

N.  C 

N.C 

Ohio 

Ohio 

N.  Mex. 

Wis 

Wis 

Mich.... 
Mich  ... 

Ala 

Ga 

Kv 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

S.  C 

N   Y 

In  I 

Va 

Cal 

Ind 

In.l 

Ind 

Ind 

Mich.... 

Mo 

Vt 

Vt 

Ill 

Kan 

Kan 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Mo 

R.  I 

Tex 

N.  C  .... 

N.  Y 

Tex 

Ala 

Ga 

Ky 

Mich.... 

Pa 

Tenn.... 

N.  C 

N.C 

N.  Y 

Miss 

N.  Y 

Pa. 

Wis 

Pa 

Ind 

Ky 

Md 

Mo 

N.  Y 

Ga 

N.  C 

N.  C 

Tenn  ... 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Mich.... 
Minn  ... 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio 

S.C 

Wis 

Wis 

Mo 

Tex 

Pa 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Kan.... 
Kan.... 

Me 

Vt , 

Vt 

Mass..., 

Ill 

Ill 

Ga , 

Mich..., 
Tex , 


Population. 


1870.      18S0, 


1,280 

y59 

1,080 


1,052 


1,83:J 
922 


374 


2,630 


1,342 


785 


120 
2,174 
2,047 
1,755 
4,069 
1,452 

756 


1,025 
964 


1,440 
1,358 
1,907 


257 


2,020 
104 
80 

1,467 
144 

1,160. 
610 
435 


1,226 

1,609 

526 

4,285 


414 

430 
1,203 


1,280 
1,111 


961 

1,002 

1,119 

1,948 

48 

1,248 

268 

451 

78 

1,707 

1,021 

140 

459 

35 

4,094 

2,381 

2,337 

198 

802 

244 

96 

2,636 

2,112 

2,062 

6,237 

608 

795 

444 

703 

949 

651 

157 

375 

2.32 

660 

617 

128 

1,154 

1,370 

773 

45 


72 

60 

260 

1,612 

1,775 

2,520 

65 

4,498 

90 

830 

82 

115 

309 

144 

91 

297 

836 

2,670 

343 

116 

1,519 

181 

1,106 

740 

659 

1,354 

1,315 

1,576 

770 

4,519 

3,617 

63 

100 

81 

115 

66 

417 

221 

425 

455 

1,240 

2,340 

1,297 

1,320 

133 

2.30 

626 


Whitney's  PoInt....p.T, 

Whitney  ville v. 

Whitneyville p.tp. 

Whitney  ville ~.h. 

Whitneyville h. 

Whitneyville v. 

Whitpain tp. 

Whittemore p.v. 

Whittingtou h. 

Whittlesey p.h. 

Wichita c. 

Wichita tp. 

Wick p.h. 

Wickacanee tp. 

Wickenburg p.v. 

Wickes p.v. 

Wickford p.v. 

Wiconisco p.tp. 

Widner tp. 

WIeu p.tp. 

Wilber. tp. 

Wilber p.v. 

Wilbraham* p.tp. 

Wilbur p.h. 

Wilbur p.h. 

Wllbnrton* tp. 

Wilcox tp. 

Wilcox tp. 

Wildcat tp. 

Wild  Cat tp. 

Wild  Cat  Bun v. 

Wildcat  Valley h. 

Wllder's tp. 

Wildervillo p.h. 

Willi  Rose p.h. 

Wilkesbarre c. 

Wilkosbarre tp. 

WilUesbo  rough tp. 

Wilkesborough p.v. 

Wilkeson p.v. 

Wilkesville tp. 

Wilkesville p.v. 

Wilkins' tp. 

Wilkinsburg p.v. 

Will tp. 

Willamette  Forks.. p.v. 

Wil  lamina p.h. 

Willard p.h. 

Wil  lard  (A8ylum)..p.v. 

Willard p.v. 

Willet p.h. 

Willett tp. 

Willett. p.v. 

WillettviUe p.h. 

Williams p.v. 

Williams tp. 

Williams tp. 

Williams tp. 

Williams p.h. 

Williams fp. 

Williams tp. 

Wi  lliamg tp. 

Williams tp. 

Williams tp. 

Williams tp. 

Williams tp. 

Williams tp. 

Williams tp. 

William8l)orough...v. 

Williamsburg h. 

Williamsburg p.h. 

Williamsburg v. 

Williamsburg p.v. 

Williamsburg tp. 

Williamsburg p.v. 

Williamsburg p.v. 

Williamsburg tp. 

Williamsliurg p.tp 

Williamsburg p.v. 

Williamsburg v. 

Williamsburg tp. 

Williamsburg tp. 

Williamsburg p.v. 

Williamsburg v. 

Williamsburg p.b. 

Williamsburg h. 

Williamsburg v. 

Williamsbnrg c. 

Williams  Centre.. ..p.v, 
Williamsfleld tp. 


Connty. 


Broome -... 

New  Haven , 

Washington-.., 

Muskegon 

Gloucester 

Tioga 

Montgomery .. 

Kossuth 

Clay 

Medina 

Sedgwick 

Sedgwick 

Tyler 

Northampton.. 

Maricopa 

Jefferson 

Washington-.. 

Dauphin 

Knox 

Marathon 

Iosco  

Saline 

Hampden 

Morgan 

Douglas 

Fayette 

Hancock 

Newaygo 

Tipton 

Elk 

Schuylkill 

Lee 

Johnson 

Josephine 

Waushara 

Luzerne 

Luzerne 

Wilkes 

Wilkes 

Pierre 

Vinton 

Vinton 

Alleghany 

Alleghany , 

Will 

Lane 

Yam  Hill 

Carter 

Seneca 

Box  Ehler. 

Indiana 

Cortland 

Cortland 

Highland 

Colusa 

Sangamon 

Calhoun 

Hamilton— 

Hamilton— 

Bay 

Benton 

Stone 

Wayne 

Cliatham 

Columbus 

Martin 

Dauphin 

Northampton., 

Granville 

Jefferson 

Moultrie 

.lohnson 

Wayne 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Wliitley 

Piscataquis 

Hampshire 

Callaway 

Clinton 

Itockingham... 

Clermont 

Clermont 

Noble 

Blair 

Clarion 

Northampton.. 

James  City 

Williams 

Ashtabula 


Population. 


1870.     1880, 


N.  Y.... 
Conn ., 

Me 

Mich.., 
N.J.... 

Pa 

Pa 

Iowa.. 
Ind.... 
Ohio... 
Kan-, 
lian... 
W.Va, 
N.  C-. 
Arizona 

Mon 

B.I 

Pa 

Ind 

Wis 

Mich.... 

Neb 

Mass.... 

Ind 

Oregon. 

Ill 

III. 

Mich.... 

Ind 

Kan 

Pa 

Va 

N.C 

Oregon. 

Wis 

Pa 

I'a 

N.  C 

N.  C 

Wash... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Ill 

Oregon, 
Oregon, 

Ky 

N.Y 

Utah.... 

Pa 

N.Y 

N.Y 

Ohio 

Cal 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Mich.... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  C.-... 

N.  0 

N.  C 

Pa 

Pa 

N.  C 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Kan 

Kan 

Ky 

Me 

Slass.... 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Va - 

Ohio 

Ohio-... 


480 
6G9 


1,330 


1,041 


2,993 

1,704 

109 


2,330 


1,509 
4,058 


1,647 


1,203 


10,174 
7,090 
1,3U0 


1,472 


3,455 

'""iii 


1,279 


445 

2,277 

332 


1,451 

2,428 


139 

176 
2,159 


2,340 

2,383 

773 

213 

821 


1,392 


'  In  1870,  including  village  of 
Whitehall. 


«  In  1872,  part  to  Kinder. 
*  In  1878,  part  to  Hampden. 


*  In  1876,  part  to  Lone  Grove.        »  In  1879,  part  to  Sterrott. 

415 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND   1880  COMPARED. 


PlM*. 


WniUmaoB ......tp. 

Williainaon ......p.T. 

Willianiaon tp. 

Williaiiiiuu p.h. 

Willianitport ~p.T. 

Wll  I  liiuii|>ort ».tp. 

WllliMiuaiwrt ».p.T. 

WillinaMiMrt ».b. 

Willinmiport p.T. 

Willinnuport c 

Wlllianu  Banch....p.T. 

WilliauMton  > tp. 

Willlamiton p.r. 

Williatnston p.tp. 

Willianutown h. 

Willianutown p.T 

WilliHinRtown tp. 

AVilliainstown p.r, 

Willianutown tp. 

Williamstown p.r, 

Williamstown. 
Williamstown, 
Willlamatown. 
Williamstown. 
Williamstown.. 

Williamstown t. 

Williamstown p.tp, 

Williamstown p.r. 

AVilliamstown «tp. 


p.r, 
.p.r. 
.p.tp. 
p.r, 
p.r. 


.p.h. 

..p.T. 
..p.h. 
..p.T. 

..p.r. 
.p.b. 


Williamsville 
Williamsrille 
WilliamBTllle 
WilliamsTille 
Williamsrille 
WillimanUc. 

Willing tp. 

Willingborough....tp. 

Willlngton tp. 

Willington p.h. 

Willis p.r. 

Willisburg p.h. 

AVilliston tp. 

Wlillston p.T. 

Williston p.r. 

Williston tp. 

Williston p.r. 

Willistown tp. 

Willlts „.p.T. 

Willniar tp. 

Willmar p.r. 

Willougliby tp. 

Willoughby p.r. 

Willow „ p.r. 

Willow* tp. 

Willow tp. 

Willow tp. 

Willow tp. 

Willow tp. 

Willow tp. 

Wniow tp. 

Willow  Branch tp. 

Willow  Creek „tp. 

Willow  Creek ..p.r. 

Willow  Creek tp. 

WiUowdale tp. 

Willow  Dale h. 

Willow  Fork .tp. 

Willow  Grore p.r. 

Willow  Hill tp. 

Willow  Island p.h. 

Willow  Lake tp. 

Willow  Hirer h. 

Willows p.h. 

Willow  Springs tp. 

M'lliow  Springs «...p.tp. 

Willow  Springs tp. 

Willow  Street p.r. 

Wills „..tp. 

Wills „tp. 

Wlllsborough tp. 

WlUsbo  rough p.r. 

WiilseyTllle p.r. 

WilUhlre tp. 

Wlllshire p.r. 

Will's  Point p.T. 

WilmathsTille p.h. 

Wilmette ....._p.T. 

Wilmington tp. 

Wilmington p.r. 

Wilmington c. 


Conntx. 


Wayne 

Wayne , 

Richmond... 

Franklin , 

Warren , 

Shawnee , 

Washington. 

Morrow„ , 

Pickaway .... 
Lycomiug„.. 

BrowD 

Martin 

Martin 

AndenK>n„... 

Jefferson 

Grant 

Berkshire 

Berkshire 

Ingham- 

Ingliam 

Lewis- 

Gloucester..., 

Oswego 

Hancock , 

Dauphin 

Lehigh- 

Orange 

Wood 

Dodge 

Susflex 

Sangamon... 

Cass 

Wayne 

Erie 

Windham.;.., 
Alleghany.... 
Burlington.  , 

Tolland 

Tolland 

Montgomery, 
Washington, 

Barnwell 

Barnwell 

Fayette 

Chittenden.., 
Chittenden.., 

Chester 

Mendocino... 
Kandiyohi..., 
Kandiyohi..., 

Lake 

Lake 

Colusa. 

Cherokee 

Crawford 

Greene 

Monona 

Woodbury..., 
Orangeburg., 

Richland 

Piatt 

Lassen 

Siskiyou 

Lee 

Dickinson 

Essex 

Monitean 

Kent 

Jasper 

Dawson 

Redwood 

Aitkin 

Umatilla 

Douglas- 

Howell 

Lafayette.-.., 

Lancaster 

La  Porte 

Guernsey 

Essex 

Essex 

Tioga 

Van  Wert 

Van  Wort-... 
Van  Zandt... 

Adair 

Cook 

Loa  Angeles.. 
Los  Angeles.. 
New  Castle... 


SUte. 


N.Y-... 
N.  Y — 
N.  0 — 

Pa 

Ind 

Kan  — 

Md 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

Tex 

N.  C-... 

N.  C 

8.  C 

Kan  >... 

Ky 

Mass.... 
Mass..... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 

Mo 

N.  J 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa- 

Vt 

W.  Va- 

Wis 

Del 

Ill 

Mich.... 

Mo 

N.  Y 

Conn.... 

N.  Y 

N.J 

Conn..- 
Conn  ... 

Tex 

Ky 

8.C 

8.  C .-... 
Tenn.... 

Vt 

Vt 

Pa 

Cal 

Minn  ... 
Minn ... 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Cal 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

S.C 

Wis.-... 

Ill 

Cal 

Cal 

Ill 

Kan-... 
Mass.... 

Mo 

Del 

Ill 

Neb.-... 
Minn... 
Minn ... 
Oregon. 
Kan-... 

Mo 

WU 

Pa 

Ind 

Ohio 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Ohio-... 

Ohio 

Tex 

Mo 

Ill 

Cal 

Cal 

Del 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


2,430 
2,044 


088 

666 

1,283 


614 
16,030 


3,1 6U 

620 

1,426 


281 
8,669 


1,237 

"i'so 

T,833 


1,236 


2,305 


1,199 
750 
942 


1,379 


1,441 
*i,582 
"*449 


2,616 
867 


667 
1,438 


1,019 


2,242 
'i',652 


1,163 

608 

1,117 


884 
1,070 
1,719 


1,644 
268 


30,841 


2,746 
3:i6 

2,412 

80 

913 

777 

1,603 

81 

813 

18.934 

263 

2,109 
482 

2,646 
80 
751 

3,304 
984 

1,862 
982 
237 

1,250 

1,820 
128 

1,771 
116 

1,038 
198 

2,243 

25 

467 

88 

184 

880 

6,608 

1,267 
743 

1,086 
60 
656 
90 

2,009 
426 
136 

1,342 
214 

1,020 
153 
495 

1,002 

2,624 

1,001 
728 
259 
316 
485 
180 
242 

1,748 
901 

1,808 
138 
116 

1,209 
601 
69 

2,325 
162 

1,806 

34 

114 

71 

13 

1,374 
672 

1,089 
182 
855 

1,855 

1,450 
250 
688 

1,063 
608 
860 
45 
419 

1,865 

9U 

42,478 


Place. 


Wilmington r. 

Wilmington tp. 

Wilmington p.r. 

Wilmington tp. 

Wilmington tp. 

Wilmington p.h. 

Wilmington p.tp. 

Wilmington p.tp. 

Wilmington p.tp. 

Wilmington c. 

Wilmington p.r. 

Wilmington tp. 

Wilmington tp. 

Wilmington tp. 

Wilmington p.r. 

Wilmont tp. 

Wilmore p.b. 

Wilmot p.tp. 

Wilmot p.r. 

Wilmot p.tp. 

Wilmot p.T. 

Wilmurt p.tp 

Wilna p.tp. 

Wilson tp. 

Wilson tp. 

Wilson tp. 

Wilson p.r. 

Wilson _.tp. 

Wilson tp. 

Wilson tp. 

Wilson -.tp. 

Wilson p.tp, 

Wilson p.tp, 

Wilson tp. 

Wilson tp. 

Wilson* tp. 

Wilson tp. 

Wilson tp. 

Wilson tp. 

Wilson p.r. 

Wilson tp. 

Wilson -.p.r. 

Wilson tp. 

Wilson..... -.p.T. 

Wilson tp. 

Wilsonburg p.h. 

Wilson's  Mills p.h, 

WIlsonTllle p.h. 

Wilsonriile t. 

Wilton p.tp. 

Wilton tp. 

Wilton tp. 

Wilton tp. 

Wilton p.r. 

Wilton tp. 

Wilton h. 

Wilton p.tp. 

Wilton tp. 

Wilton..... p.h. 

Wilton tp. 

Wilton p.r. 

Wilton  Centre p.h. 

Wilton  Juuction....p.r. 

M'inamoc p.r. 

Winchendon tp. 

AVinchendon... p.r. 

Winchester tp. 

Winchester p.r. 

Winchester p.r. 

Winchester p.r. 

Winchester p.r. 

Winchester' p.tp. 

Winchester p.r. 

Winchester tp. 

Winchester p.r. 

Winchester tp. 

Winchester p.r. 

Winchester h. 

Winchester r. 

Winchester p.r. 

Winchester p.r. 

Winchester c. 

Winchester p.tp. 

Windermere r. 

Windfall p.r. 

Windham tp. 

Windham p.r. 

Windham p.b. 

Windham tp. 

Windham p.tp. 


County. 


Greene 

Will 

Will „ 

I>e  Kalb 

Wabaunsee 

Waliaunseo 

Middlesex , 

Houston 

Essex 

Now  Ilauorer., 

Clinton 

Lawrence 

Mercer 

Wludham 

Windham 

Nobles 

Cambria 

MeiTlmac , 

Stark 

Bradford 

Kenosha , 

Herkimer 

Jefferson 

De  Witt , 

Odceola 

Ellsworth 

Ellsworth 

Marion 

Alpena , 

Charlevoix 

Kalkaska. 

Winona 

Adair 

Audrain 

Gentry 

Greene... 

Grundy 

Putnam 

Niagara 

Niagara- 

Wilson 

Wilson , 

Clinton 

St.  Croix 

Sheboygan 

Harrison 

Cuyahoga 

Shelby 

Obion 

Fairfield 

Will 

Muscatine 

Franklin 

Franklin 

Waseca 

Waseca 

Hillsborough... 

Sura  toga 

Saratoga 

Monroe 

Monroe 

Will 

Muscatine 

Pulaski 

Worcester 

Worcester. 

Litchfield. , 

Scott... 

Randolph 

Jefferson 

Clarke 

Middlesex 

Clarke 

Cheshire 

Cheshire 

Adams 

Adams 

Jackson 

Preble 

Franklin 

Fayette 

Frederick 

Winnebago 

Tolland 

Tipton 

Windham 

Windham 

Johnson 

Cumberland 

Rockingham  ... 


State. 


Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Kan 

Kan 

Mass.... 
Minn... 

N.  Y 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

Vt 

Vt 

Minn- 
Pa 

N.  H 

Ohio 

Pa 

Wis 

N.Y 

N.  Y 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Kan 

Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Mich.... 
Minn... 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  Y 

N.Y 

N.  C 

N.  C 

Ohio 

Wis 

Wis 

W.  Va... 
Ohio...... 

Ala 

Tenn ... 
Conn.... 

in 

Iowa.... 

Me 

Me 

Minn... 
Minn  ... 
N.  H.... 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

Wis 

Wis 

Ill 

Iowa.... 

Ind 

Mass 

Mass.... 
Conn.... 

Ill 

Ind 

Kan 

Ky 

Mass.... 

Mo 

N.  n 

N.  U..., 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Tenn  ... 

Tex 

Va 

Wis 

Conn ... 

Ind 

Conn.... 
Conn.... 
Iowa.... 

Me 

N.  H.... 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


2,766 

1,828 

2,296 

662 


86C 
1,200 

794 
13,446 
2,023 
1,6;J4 

648 
1,246 


393 
1,072 


1,365 


191 

4,060 

640 


1,016 
1,110 
1,740 

a^2 

1,053 


2,912 
601 
3,170 
1,036 
1,157 


1,277 


1,994 
1,118 
2,:U5 
1,906 


668 


1,974 
1,204 


1,317 

906 

3.398 


4,096 
'i',456 


1,010 
2,045 


2,097 


1,475 

416 

89 

430 


4,477 
1,439 


6,412 


2,428 
763 


I  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 

>  In  1877,  part  to  Grand  Meadow. 

416 


*  In  1876,  part  to  Hntton  Val- 
ley. 


*  In  1873,  part  to  Brookllne. 


>  In  1873,  part  to  Woburn. 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF   THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OF   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


Place. 


Windliam tp. 

Windhnm p.v. 

Windham Ip. 

Windham p.v. 

Windham p.tp. 

Windham tp. 

Windham tp. 

Windham. p.h. 

Windliam  Centro...p.b. 

Windom p.v. 

Windomi _...tp. 

Windsor p.v. 

Windsor. p.tp. 

Windsor tp. 

Windsor p.v. 

Windsor h. 

Windsor p.tp. 

Windsor tp. 

Windsor p.tp, 

Windsor tp. 

Windsor p.h. 

Windbor tp. 

Windsor tp. 

Windsor p.v. 

Windsor tp. 

Windsor p.v. 

Windsor p.tp, 

Windsor tp. 

Windsor p.v. 

Windsor p.tp, 

Windsor tp. 

Windsor tp. 

Windsor tp. 

Windsor p.tp. 

Windsor p.tp. 

Windsor tp. 

Windsor p.v, 

AVindsor tp. 

Windsor  Heights. ..v. 

Windsor  Locks p.tp. 

Windsor  Station.. ..p. v. 

Winesburg p.v. 

Winfield tp. 

Wiiifield p.v. 

Wiufleld h. 

Winfield p.tp, 

Winfield tp. 

Winfield p.v. 

Winfield tp. 

Winfield p.h. 

Winfield tp. 

Winfield tp. 

Winfield p.h. 

Winfield p.tp. 

Winfield p.v, 

Winfield tp. 

Winfield p.v, 

Winfield tp. 

Wlngart's  Corners.h. 

Wingo's  Station p.v. 

Wing  Kiver p.tp. 

Wingville tp. 

Winhali tp. 

Winn tp. 

Winn p.v. 

Winnebago tp. 

Winnebago p.v. 

Winueliago tp. 

Winnebago  City  ...p.v. 
Winnebago  City«...tp. 

Winneconne tp. 

Winneconne p.v. 

W'Inneniucca p.v. 

Winnetka p.v. 

Winnfteld p.v. 

Wi  n  nsbo  rough p.v. 

Winona tp. 

Winona c. 

Winona tp. 

Winona p.v. 

Winona p.v. 

Winooski ....p.v. 

Winooski p.h. 

Wiuslow tp. 

Winslow p.v. 

Wiuglow p.v, 

Wiii8low.„ tp. 

...  p.v. 

....tp. 


Winslow., 
Winelow., 


Winslow 


Wiuglow.™ tp.' 


Count/. 


Greene 

Greene 

Portage «... 

Portage 

Bradford 

Wyoming 

Windham 

Windham  „ , 

Cumberland 

Cottonwood 

Mower 

Sonoma. 

Ilartfoi'd 

Shelby 

Shelby 

Clayton 

Fayette 

Cowley 

Kennebec , 

Berkshire 

Berkshire 

Katon 

Ilcury 

Henry 

Hillsborough.., 

Mercer , 

Broome , 

Bertie , 

Bertie , 

Ashtabula 

Lawrence 

Morgan , 

Berks- , 

York 

Aiken 

Windsor 

Windsor 

Dane , 

Baltimore 

Hartford 

Isle  of  Wight.. 

Holmes. 

Du  I'lige 

Du  Page 

Jefferson 

Lake 

Scott 

Cowley 

Osborne 

Carroll 

Montcalm 

Renville 

Lincoln 

Herkimer 

Tuscarawas 

Butler 

Putnam 

Sauk 

Crawford 

Graves 

Wadena 

Grant 

Bennington.... 

Penobscot 

Penobscot 

Winnebago 

W'innebago 

Houston 

Faribault 

Faribault 

Winnebago 

Winnebago 

Humboldt 

Cook 

Winn 

Fairfield 

Delta. 

Winona_ 

Winona 

Montgomery .. 
Columbiana.-.. 

Chittenden 

Sheboygan 

Stephenson 

Stephenson 

Pike 

Kennebec 

Kennebec 

Camden 

Camden 

Jefferson 


State. 


N.Y„ 
N.  Y.. 

Ohio.. 
Ohio.. 

Pa 

Pa 

Vt 

Vt 

Me ... 
Minn 
Minn ... 
Cal. 
Conn.... 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa. 
Iowa. 
Kan„ 
Me ... 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


1,485 


Mass.... 
Mich..., 

Mo 

Mo 

N.  II..„, 

N.  J 

N.  Y_.., 

N.  0 

N.C 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa , 

Pa 

S.C 

Vt 

Vt 

Wis 

Md 

Conn.... 

Va..., 

Ohio 

111..., 

111..., 

III..., 

Ind 

Iowa.... 

Kan 

Kan 

Md 

£Uch.... 
Minn... 

Mo 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Pa. 

W.  Va- 

Wis 

Oliio 

Ky 

Minn ... 

Wis 

Vt 

Me 

Me 

Ill 

Ill 

Minn... 
Minn ... 
Minn ... 

Wis 

Wis 

Nev 

Ill 

La 

S.  C 

Mich.... 
Minn ... 
Minn... 

Miss 

Ohio 

Vt 

Wis 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Me 

Me 

N.  J 

N.J 

Pa. 


1,188 
C60 
644 


2,783 

1,593 

618 


800 

79 

1,266 


81 


2,958 
3,732 
427 
871 
1,943 
2,251 
1,211 
2,024 
1,021 
1,699 


1,256 
"2,164 


2,211 


616 
991 


1,561 

126 

1,121 


768 


1,031 

842 
714 


1,427 


804 
326 

780 
2,155 


1,124 


7,192 
487 


1,437 


2,050 


1,320 


1,461 
344 

1,029 
368 

1,100 
838 
636 
49 
74 
443 
737 
120 

3,068 

1,954 
768 
80 
922 

1,028 

1,079 
644 
33 

1,748 

1,900 
872 
66 
137 

3,286 

4,686 
461 
964 

2,229 

2,392 
830 

2,154 

1,462 

2,175 

1,096 

1,210 
124 

2,332 
266 
236 

2,428 
164 
74 
644 
997 

2,844 
846 
77 
789 
149 
30 

1,697 
116 

1,092 
305 
773 
88 
212 
177 

1,178 
722 
898 
434 

1,480 
604 
854 
993 
478 

1,910 
978 
763 
684 
133 

1,600 

78 

10,208 

592 

1,204 
1:^8 

2,833 
86 

1,0(H 
330 
199 

1,467 
199 

2,158 
650 

1,904 


Place. 


...p.tp 
,..p.h. 
..p.v. 
..p.v. 
,..p.b. 

.p.h. 

.p.v. 


Winsted p.b. 

Wiusted tp. 

Winsted  Lake p.v. 

Winston v. 

Winston tp. 

Winston p.v. 

Winstonville h. 

Winterburn p.v. 

Winterfleld p.tp. 

Winter  Harlx>r p.v, 

Wiuterport.... 
Winterrowd.. 

Winters 

W'interset 

Winters  town. 
Wintersville. 

Wiulhrop 

Winthrop tp, 

Wintbrop p.v. 

Winthrop p.tp. 

Winlhrop v. 

Winton tp. 

Winton p.v. 

Winton p.b. 

Wiota p.v. 

Wlota tp. 

Wiota p.v. 

Wirt .»tp. 

Wiscasset p.tp, 

Wisconsin tp. 

Wlscotta ~ V. 

Wiscoy p.tp. 

Wise tp. 

Wise tp. 

Wise  Court-Uou8e..p.v. 

Wishart's tp. 

Wlsner p.tp. 

Wisner. p.v. 

Wistar .p.h. 

Withamsville p.v. 

Witoka- p.h. 

Witt tp. 

Wilt ~. p.v. 

Wittenberg p.tp, 

Wiltenburg p.v. 

Wittsburg p.v. 

Wixom -p.h. 


Woburn., 
Woburn*.., 

Wolcott 

Wolcott 

Wolcott 


..p.v, 

,.p.tp. 

..p.tp. 

..p.v, 

.p.v, 


Wolcott tp, 

Wolcott p.tp, 

Wolcott tp. 

Wolcott p.v, 

Wolcottviile V. 

Wolcottville r-v. 

Wolf. tp. 

Wolfbo rough p  tp, 

Wolf  Creek -...tp. 

Wolf  Creek- p.h. 

Wolf  Creek p.tp. 

Wolf  Island p.tp. 

Wolf  Lake p.v. 

Wolf  Pit .tp. 

Wolf  Kiver  < tp. 

Wolf  River tp. 

Wolfsburg p.h. 

Wolfscrape  - tp. 

Wolfs  Station p.v 

WoUaston  ... 
Womelsdorf. 
W'onewoc...- 

Wonewoc 

Wood tp. 

Wood tp. 

Wood tp. 

Wood tp. 

Wood  berry p.v. 

Woodbine p.tp, 

Woodbi  ne p.v. 

Woodbridge p.v. 

Woodbridge tp. 

Woodbridge... tp. 

WoodbrMge v. 

Woodbridge tp. 

Woodbridge p.v. 

Woodburn p.v. 

Woodburn p.v. 

Woodburn p.v. 


.p.v. 
.p.b. 
.tp. 
.p.v. 


County. 


Litchfield- 

McLeod 

McLeod 

Daviess : 

Forsyth , 

Forsyth , 

Winston 

Clearfield 

Clare 

Hancock 

Waldo 

Fffmgham 

Yolo 

Madison 

York 

Sullivan 

Buchanan 

Kennebec 

Kennebec 

Sufi'olk 

Buchanan 

Hertford 

Hertford 

Lackawanna .. 

Cass 

Lafayette 

Lafayette........ 

Alleghany 

Lincoln 

Jackson  

Dallas 

Winona 

Isabella 

Edgefield 

Wise 

Robeson 

Tuscola 

Cuming 

Clinton 

Clermont 

Winona. 

Montgomery .. 
Montgomery  .. 

Alexander , 

Perry 

Cross 

Oakland 

Bond 

Middlesex 

New  Haven  -.. 

White 

Scott 

Rice , 

Wayne 

Lamoille 

Lamoille 

Litchfield , 

lia  Grange 

Lycoming 

Carroll 

Woodbury 

Heade 

Mercer 

Mississippi 

Noble 

Richmond 

Doniphan 

Winnebago 

Bedford- 

Duplin 

Tuscarawas 

Norfolk 

Berks 

Juneau 

Juneau 

Clarke 

Carroll 

Wright 

Wood 

Baltimore.. 

.lo  Daviess 

Harrison 

San  Joaquin... 
New  Haven  „.. 

Hillsdale 

Bergen 

Middlesex 

Middlesex , 

Macoupin 

Clarke 

Warren. 


State. 


Population. 


Conn.... 
Minn  ... 
Slinn ... 

Mo 

N.  C 

N.C 

Miss 

Pa 

Mich.... 

Me 

Me 

Ill 

Cal 

Iowa.... 

Pa 

Mo 

Iowa.... 

Me 

Me 

Mass. ... 

Mo 

N.C 

N.  C-... 

Pa 

Iowa..., 

Wis 

Wis 

N.  Y 

Me 

Minn ... 
Iowa.... 
Minn .. 
Mich... 

S.C , 

Va 

N.C-.. 
Mich... 

Neb 

Pa 

Ohio 

Minn .. 

Ill 

Ill 

N.C..., 

Mo 

Ark.-.., 
Mich... 

Ill 

Mass..., 

Conn.... 

Ind... 

Iowa. 

Minn 

N.Y- 

Vt 

Vt 

Conn. 
Ind... 
Pa.... 
N.  11.. 
Iowa. 
Ky.... 

Pa 

Mo.... 
Ind... 
N.  C.- 
Kan.. 
Wis... 

Pa 

N.C.- 
Ohio.. 


Pa 

Wis.... 
Wis.-. 
Ind.... 
Mo .... 
Mo.... 
Wis.-. 

Md 

111...... 

Iowa.. 

Cal 

Conn.. 

Mich.... 

N.J.. 

N.J.. 

N.J- 

111-.. 

Iowa 

Ky... 


1,693 
443 


2,744 
T,485 


2,229 
"'632 
'2,246 


1,099 


1,204 

1,977 

193 


8,5C0 
491 


699 
3,223 
1,132 


819 
1,996 


1,239 

1,034 

606 


1,025 


1,(131 
930 


730 
2,285 


830 
1,321 


3,717 


2,474 

1,211 
140 
304 

4,470 

2,864 
31 
247 
273 
400 

2,260 
43 
623 

2,683 

199 

60 

320 

2,146 
984 

1,043 

1,164 

2,676 
253 
006 
110 

1,687 
143 

1,225 

1,847 
157 
159 
761 
S68 

2,830 
128 
710 
826 
282 
37 
177 
60 

1,095 
134 

1,154 
129 
209 
98 
131 
10,931 
493 
239 
303 
825 

3,731 

1,166 
109 

2,245 
428 
649 

2,222 
418 
47 
636 

7ai 

183 

1,872 

2,198 

940 

68 

1,258 

100 

907 

1,097 

1,711 

0.35 

1,210 

2,957 

841 

366 

980 

1,004 

3.30 

24S 

829 

1,680 

348 

4,099 

683 

2;iC 

871 

197 


» In  1871,  Brooklyn  annexed.    *  In  1870,  Including  village  of  Winnebago  City.    «  In  1873,  part  from  Winchester.     *  In  1 878,  part  to  Union. 

417 


POPULATION  OF  THE  CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


CENSUS  RETURNS  OP   1870  AND  1880  COMPARED. 


WnnHliiiry     ,,„,„      p  tj>. 

WoiHlliiirjr p.h. 

Wootllmry tp. 

\Voo<lbiiry„.„ p.h. 

Woodtiiiry tp. 

Woodbury p.T. 

Woodbury  ....„.,.«.p.tp. 

Woo<lbury c. 

WotMlbury tp. 

Woodlmry .......p.b. 

Wooill'ury  • tp. 

Woodbury  ..........„tp. 

Woodbury p.T. 

Woodbury p.tp. 

Woodcock  - tp. 

Woodcock p.b. 

Wowlford p.tp, 

Woodhull p.v. 

AVoodhull ...tp. 

Woodhull ......tp. 

Woodhull p.v, 

Woodington tp. 

Wood  Lake p.tp, 

Wood  Luke p.tp. 

Woodlaud p.v. 

Wootlland ^-.tp. 

Woodland tp. 

Woodland tp. 

Woodland pl'n. 

Woodland tp. 

Woodlaud .......p.T. 

Woodliind tp. 

Woodlaud tp. 

Woodland p.v. 

Woodland  ............p.T. 

Woodland tp. 

Wood  lawn p.T. 

Wood  lawn p.tp. 

WoodlawnCottouMIU.T 

Woodman tp. 

Wootlman p.v. 

Wood  Ridge p.v, 

Wood  Kiver tp. 

Wood  row T. 

Woodruff tp. 

Woodruff p.v, 

Woodruff's p.T, 

Woods tp. 

Woo<l»bo  rough p.v 

Woodsdale 

Woods  falls... 
Woodsfleld.... 
Wood's  HoU .. 

Woodsido p.tp, 

Woodsido tp. 

Woodside _tp. 

Woodside p.v. 

Woodside v. 

Woo<l8tock ....„.p.tp 

Woodstock p.h. 

Woo«l8tock p.v. 

Woodstock tp. 

Woodstock tp. 

Woodstock tp. 

Woodstock ....p.tp, 

Woodstock p.tp 

Woodstock tp. 

Woodstock p.v. 

Woodstock p.v. 

Woodstock tp. 

Woodstock p.v. 

Woodstock p.T. 

Woods  town p.T. 

Woodsville p.v. 

Wood  vale v. 

Wood  vale b. 


...p.tp 
...p.v. 
..p.v 
..p.T 


Oovnty. 


..p.T. 
..p.tp. 
,.tp. 
..p.T. 
.p.T. 


Woo<lville  .... 

Woodville 

Woodville*...... 

Woodville 

Woodville 

Woodville tp. 

Woodville tp. 

Woodville ^.....p.T. 

Woodville p.T. 

Woodville „ p.T. 

Woodville tp. 

Woodville p.T. 

Woodward.....>M...p.T. 


Lituhaeld 

Moriwotlier 

Cumberland. 

naDoock 

Woodbury 

Butler 

Washington 

Gloucester 

Bodford„ 

Beilford 

Blair™ 

Marion— 

Cannon- 

Washington 

Crawford 

Crawford 

liennington 

Ilonry 

Shiawassee 

Steuben- 

Steuben. 

Lencdr 

Yellow  Medicine 

Burnett 

Volo. 

Carroll 

Fulton 

Decatur 

Aroostook , 

Barry 

Barry 

WriKht 

Burlington 

ClearAeld 

Dodge. 

Sauk 

Jefferson 

Monroe 

Gaston 

Grant , 

Grant 

Bergen 

Madison 

Richmond , 

Siiartanburg 

Rich , 

S|>artanburg 

Chippewa 

Frederick 

Person 

Clinton 

Monroe 

Barnstable 

Sangamon , 

Otter  Tail 

Oregon 

Queens 

Schuylkill „. 

Windham 

Cherokee 

McIIenry 

Schuyler 

Wright- 

Oxford.... 

Lenawee , 

Grafton 

Ulster 

Ulster. , 

Champaign 

Windsor 

Windsor. 

Shenandoah- 

Salem 

Grafton 

Strafford 

Cambria »... 

Jackson 

Penobscot „, 

Waseca 

Wilkinson 

Jefferson 

Bertie „. 

Sandusky 

Sandusky 

Washington 

Rappahannock ,. 

Calumet 

St.  Croix 

Centre 


State. 


Conn... 
Ga-.t... 

IlL 

Ind 

Iowa... 

Ky 

Minn .. 

N.  J 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

8.0 

Teun  .. 

Vt„ 

Pa 

Pa 

Vt 

Ill 

Mich... 
N.  Y„.. 
N.  Y„.. 
N.  C-., 
Minn ., 

Wis 

Cal 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.., 

Me 

Mich.. 
Mich.., 
Mlnu . 
N.  J.-. 

Pa 

Wis.... 

Wis 

Ill 

Mo 

N.  C..., 
Wis,-. 
Wis ... 
N.  J-., 

Ill 

N.  Y... 
S.  C... 
Utah.. 
S.  C... 
Minn . 
Md .... 
N.  0... 
N.Y-. 
Ohio- 
Mass.., 

Ill 

Minn . 
Mo .... 
N.  Y„. 

Pa 

Conn.. 

Ga. 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.. 

Me 

Blich.. 
N.  II.. 
N.  Y-. 
N.  Y-. 
Ohio- 

Vt 

Vt 

Va 

N.  J.„. 
N.  II... 
N.  H.. 

Pa 

Ala.... 
Me .... 
Minn . 
Miss... 
N.  Y... 
N.  C-. 
Ohio-. 
Ohio-. 
R.I.... 

Va 

Wis.-. 
Wta-.. 
P» 


Population. 


1870.      1880. 


1^31 

"i','oo7 


471 

171 

9tK) 

1,006 


204 
2,107 
210 
329 
902 
1,723 
220 
371 


776 
1,097 


90« 

1,602 

782 

17+ 

1,370 


693 
389 


891 
'935 
659 


1,408 


1,696 
'"753 
T,*386 


2,955 


1,674 

1,603 
144 
994 

1,366 
405 

2,022 


2,910 
"*859 


170 
l,ff31 


1,535 
1,418 


1,023 


8,149 

04 

1,165 

01 

603 

190 

1,109 

2,298 
909 
281 

1,328 
2:10 
303 
a'iO 

1,409 
184 
487 
ft">0 
883 

1,9()3 
317 

2,032 
228 
485 

2,257 
919 

1,798 
841 
079 

1,788 
266 

1,037 
325 
416 
120 

1,308 
310 

1,319 
222 
653 
111 
848 

3,346 
389 

1,927 

100 

254 

80 

336 

1,370 
175 
861 
608 

1,6:J6 
319 
424 
600 
321 

2,639 
92 

1,475 

1,381 

4;h 

952 

1,557 

367 

1,968 

170 

383 

2,815 

1,266 

1,000 

490 

402 

173 

639 

221 

223 

C41 

965 

179 

2,111 

1,662 

406 

110 

168 

1,513 

149 

104 


Place. 


-.p.v. 
...p.tp, 
-.tp. 
...p.v. 
,.p.v. 


Woodward tp. 

Woodward tp. 

Woodward .....tp. 

Woolford p.h. 

Woolsey V. 

Woolwich p.tp. 

Woolwich* tp. 

Wooiisocket p.tp, 

Woustcr tp. 

Wooster 0. 

Woosu  ng p.v, 

Worcester o. 

Worcester tp. 

Woi-c  ester p.v. 

Worcester.,, p.tp, 

Worcester tp. 

Worcester ,  p.v. 

Worcester tp. 

Wordon p.v. 

Wormleysburg v. 

Wortendyke p.v. 

Worth p.tp. 

Worth tp. 

Worth tp. 

Worth* tp. 

Worth -.tp. 

Worth -.tp. 

Worth „ tp. 

Worth tp. 

Worth „-.p.tp, 

Wortham p.v. 

Wortliiugton p.v, 

Worthington. 
Worthington., 
Worthington. 
Worthington., 
Worthington. 

Worthington -.tp 

Worthington p.b, 

WorthingtonCrosslng.v 

Worth  viile p.v. 

Worth  ville p  b, 

Wrentliam* tp. 

Wren  t  ham p.v. 

Wright p.tp, 

Wright tp, 

Wright tp, 

Wright tp. 

Wright .....p.tp 

Wright tp, 

Wright tp. 

Wright  City p.v. 

Wrights  town.- p.v. 

Wrightstown tp. 

Wrightstowu tp. 

Wrightstown p.v, 

Wrijihtsville p.v, 

Wrightsvillo .- v. 

Wrightsville p.b, 

Wurtsborough p.v. 

Wyaconda tp. 

VVyacondah tp. 

Wyal  using p.tp, 

Wyalusing p.tp, 

Wyandot -.p.v, 

Wyandotte p.tp 

Wyandotte -.0. 

Wyandotte tp, 

Wyandotte c. 

Wyanet tp. 

Wyanet p.v, 

Wyanette tp. 

Wykeham p.tp, 

Wykoff p.v. 

Wynantskill ....p.v. 

Wyocena -tp. 

Wyocena p.v, 

Wyoming p.v, 

Wyoming tp. 

Wyoming p.v. 

Wyoming tp. 

Wyoming p.T. 

Wyoming p.T. 

Wyoming tp. 

Wyoming  J p.tp, 

Wyoming p.v, 

Wyoming p.v, 

Wyoming p.v, 

Wyoming p.v. 


Coanty. 


Clearfleld 

Clinton 

Lycoming 

Dorchester 

Kaatmbia 

Sagadahoc 

Gloucester 

Providence 

Wayne 

Wayne 

Ogle 

Worcester 

Otsego 

Otsego 

Montgomery 

Washington 

Washington 

Price 

Madison 

Cumberland 

Bergen , 

Cook 

Woodford- , 

Boone 

Boone 

Sanilac 

Jefferson 

Butler 

Centre , 

Mercor , 

Freestone 

Greene , 

Dubuque , 

IIami>8hire 

Nobles , 

Nobles , 

Franklin , 

Ricliland 

Armstrong 

Wells 

Carroll , 

Jefferson 

Norfolk 

Norfolk 

Greene 

Pottawattamie.. 

Wayne 

Hillsdale 

Ottawa 

Schoharie 

Luzerne 

Warren 

Burlington 

Bucks 

Brown 

Brown 

Johnson 

Camden 

York 

Sullivan 

Clarke 

Davis 

Bradford 

Grant 

Wyandot 

Butte 

Wyandotte 

Wyandotte 

Wayne 

Bureau 

Bureau 

Isanti , 

Todd 

Fillmore 

Rensselaer. 

Columbia.- 

Columbia 

Kent 

Lee 

Stark.- 

Jones , 

Jones- , 

Bath , 

Kent , 

Chisago 

Wyoming 

Hamilton 

Luzerne 

Washington 


State. 


Population. 


Pr. 

Pa 

Pa 

Md 

Fla 

Me 

N.  J  _... 
U.  I.-... 

Ohio 

Ohio..., 

HI 

Mass.... 
N.  Y„... 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Vt 

Vt- 

Wis.-.., 

Ill 

Pa. 

N.  J 

111 

Ill , 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Mich... 
N.  Y-.. 

Pa 

Pa 

Pa 

Tex 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Mass-.. 
Minn .. 
Minn .. 
Ohio-.. 
Ohio-.. 

Pa 

Ind 

Ky 

Pa 

Mass.... 
Mass-... 

Ind 

Iowa.... 
Iowa..., 
Mich..., 
Mich... 

N.  Y 

Pa 

Mo 

N.J 

Pa 

Wis 

Wis 

Ga 

N.J 

I'a , 

N.  Y 

Mo 

lowit.... 

Pa- 

Wis 

Ohio 

Cal , 

Kan  .„., 
Kan  -,., 
Mich..., 

Ill 

Ill 

Minn- 
Minn  ... 
Minn  .., 

N.  Y 

Wis 

Wis 

Del 

Ill 

Ill 

Iowa.... 
Iowa.... 

Ky 

Mich.... 
Minn... 

N.  Y 

Ohio..., 

Pa. 

K,  I 


1870.      1880. 


1,034 

l,0«l 

737 


1,168 
3,760 
11.527 
0,504 
6,410 


41,105 
2,327 


1,587 
775 


1,747 

1,000 

1,343 

075 

1,414 

727 

803 

050 

1,084 


1,876 
210 


2,292 


1,104 


9r)3 

1,814 

2,1177 

1,525 

603 


823 
1,446 


1,544 

797 

885 

1,041 

1,707 

800 


731 
2,940 
1,851 
2,731 
1,750 


1.281 


280 
1,280 

040 
1,733 


120 

1,786 

622 


1  In  1870,  inclading  Williams- 
burg. 

418 


•  In  1870,  Including  Blooming 

Valley, 

*  In  1870,  Including  Waaeoa. 


*  In  1877,  part  to  Logan. 
»  In  1871.  part  to  Colfax. 

•  In  1870,  part  to  Norfolk. 


T  Since  1870,  area  reduced. 


POPULATION  OF  THE   CITIES,  TOWNS,  AND  VILLAGES  OF  THE  UNITED   STATES. 


CENSUS   KETURNS   OF   1870  AND   1880   COMPARED. 


Wyoming p.tp. 

Wysox - tp. 

Wrsox p.tp, 

Wvthe tp. 

Wylhe  Deiwt T. 

WvtUevlUe p.  v. 

Xenia> tp. 

Xenia p.r. 

Xeniii p.r. 

Xeiiia p.h. 

Xonia c. 

Xenia tp. 

Tadkiii tp. 

Tadkin tp, 

Tadkia  College tp. 

Tadkin  College p.v. 

Tadkinville p.v. 

Yakiuiii p.v. 

Tani  Ilill v. 

Tauceyville tp. 

Yancey  villa p.v. 

Yankee  Jim's p.v. 

Yankee  Spring p.tp. 

Yankectowa p.v. 

Yankton c. 

Yantic p.v. 

Yapliank p.v. 

Yardloyville p.v. 

Yarmouth p.tp. 

Yarmouth p.tp. 

Yarmouth  Port. p.v. 

Yates tp. 

Yates tp. 

Yates tp. 

Yates p.v. 

Yates  Centre p.v. 

Yates  City p.v. 

Yatcsville b. 

Yatcsville v. 

Yazoo  City c. 

Yeagortown p.v. 

Yells tp. 

Yell tp. 

Yellow  Bank tp. 

Yellow  Cieek* tp. 

Yellow  Creek  < tp. 

Yellow  Creek tp. 

Yellow  Head tp. 

Yellow  Springs tp. 

Yellow  Springs p.v. 

Yellville p.v. 

Yclvington p.v. 

Yemassee p.tp. 

Yocumtown p.v. 

Yonkers c. 

Yoppim tp. 

York tp. 

York tp. 

York p.v. 

York tp. 

York tp. 

York tp. 

York tp. 

York tp. 

York tp. 

York tp. 

York tp. 

York* tp. 

York tp. 

York tp. 

York p.tp, 

York p.tp. 

York tp, 

York tp. 

York p.v. 

York tp. 

York p.v, 

York tp, 

York tp. 

York tp, 

York tp. 

York h. 

York tp. 

York V, 

York tp. 

York tp. 

York tp. 

York p.tp. 


County, 


Iowa 

Carroll 

Bradford 

Hancock 

Shelbv 

Wvthe 

Clav 

Clay 

Miami , 

Dallas 

Greene 

Greene , 

Davidson 

Stokes 

Davidson 

Davidson 

Yadkin 

Yakima 

Deer  Lodge 

Caswell 

Caswell 

Placer. 

Barrj' 

Warrick 

Yankton 

New  London  ... 

Suffolk 

Bucks 

Cumberland.... 

Barnstable 

Barnstable 

McLean 

Lake 

Orleans 

Orleans 

Woodson 

Knox 

Luzerne 

Schuylkill 

Yazoo 

Mifflin 

Buone 

Webster 

Lac  Qui  Parle... 

Chariton 

Linn 

Columbiana 

Kankakee 

Des  Moines 

Greene 

Marion 

Daviess 

Beaufort 

York 

Westchester 

Chowan 

Carroll 

Clark 

Clark 

Du  Page 

Benton 

Dearborn 

Elkhart 

Noble 

Steuben 

Switzerland 

Iowa 

Pottawattamie . 

Tama 

Stafford 

York 

Washtenaw 

Fillmore 

Putnam 

York 

Livingston 

Livingston 

Athens 

Belmont 

Darke 

Fulton 

Jefferson 

Medina 

Medina 

Morgan 

Sandusky 

Tuscarawas 

Union 


Wis 

ni 

Pa 

HI 

Tenn  . 

Va 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind.... 
Iowa... 
Ohio... 
Ohio..., 
N.  C..., 
N.  C... 
N.  C.„. 
N.  C... 
N.  C... 
Wash. 
Mon„. 
N.  C... 
N.  C... 

Cal 

Mich.., 

Ind 

Dak... 
Conn.., 
N.  Y..., 

Pa 

Me , 

Mass.. 
Mass.. 

Ill 

Mich.., 
N.Y.... 
N.  Y... 
Kan.... 

Ill 

Pa 

Pa 

Mi88„. 

Pa 

Iowa.,, 
lowu .. 
Minn ., 

Mo 

Mo 

Ohio..., 

Hi 

Iowa.., 
Ohio.... 
Ark. ... 

Ky 

S.C 

Pa 

N.  Y.... 
N.  C... 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Ind 

Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Iowa... 
Kan .... 

Me. 

Mich... 
Minn  .. 

Mo 

Neb 

N.  Y.... 
N.  Y..., 
Ohio..,. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio..., 
Ohio..,. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.,.. 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio.... 
Ohio„.. 


Population, 


1870,      1880, 


735 
1,3:31 

1,290 
1,219 


1,671 

2,479 

916 


6,377 

2,254 

954 

1,758 


133 
'2,263 


1,023 
737 


1,872 
2,423 


1,048 
*2,oi'4 


1,339 
349 


1,016 
3,126 
3.088 
1,492 
1,743 
1,435 
96 


2,778 


12,733 


l,49t) 
1,090 


1,799 
433 
9S6 
900 

1,041 
857 
995 
554 
226 

1,000 


2,654 

1,575 

812 

1,484 


2,504 


2,652 

1,508 

797 

2,299 


886 


916 
2,094 
1,041 
1,361 


735 

1,273 

1,406 

1,135 

231 

1,885 

1,418 

898 

732 

62 

7,026 

3,355 

816 

2,507 

465 

170 

129 

207 

100 

2,359 

337 

150 

984 

178 

3,431 

370 

424 

820 

2,021 

2,173 

5;J6 

1,180 

257 

2,020 

190 

350 

C79 

415 

708 

2,542 

632 

1,424 

423 

557 

730 

l,3:i6 

3,958 

1,007 

2,094 

1,377 

345 

172 

3,315 

132 

18,892 

1,610 

1,521 

1,186 

271 

2,324 

717 

1,043 

1,000 

1,155 

1,021 

1,683 

811 

625 

1,149 

778 

2,463 

1,717 

902 

1,573 

1,259 

2,4X2 

277 

6,438 

1,420 

1,(K)0 

2,572 

70 

992 

164 

1,112 

2.319 

1,080 

1,549 


Place. 


York tp, 

York p.b. 

York tp. 

York tp. 

York tp. 

York tp. 

York tp. 

Yorkshire  tp. 

Yorkshire p.v. 

Yorkshire  Centre...p.v. 

York  Station p.v. 

York  Su  1  phu  rSprngs.pb, 

Yorktown tp. 

Yorktown p.v. 

Yorktown p.tp. 

Yorktown v. 

Yorktown p.v. 

Yorktown p.v, 

Yorkville p.v. 

York  villa p.v. 

Yorkville p.v. 

Yorkville v. 

Yorkville b. 

Yorkville p.v. 

Yorkville p.h. 

Yorkville p.tp, 

You  Bet p.v. 

Young' tp. 

Young' tp. 

Young  America tp. 

Young  America p.v. 

Young  America tp. 

Young  America p.v. 

Young  America p.h. 

Young  Hickory tp. 

Young's tp. 

Youngsport v. 

Youngstown p.h. 

Youngstown ph. 

Youngstown p.v. 

Youngstown c. 

Youngstown tp, 

Youngstown v, 

Youngstown p.v, 

Youngsville p.v, 

Youngsvillo v, 

Youngsville p.b. 

Yount tp. 

Yountsville p.v. 

Yountville p.v. 

Ypsilanti c. 

Ypsilanti tp. 

Yreka tp, 

Yreka p.v. 

Ysleta p.v. 

Yuba tp. 

Yucatan p.tp. 

Yuma c. 

Zaieski p.v. 

Kane tp. 

Zanos  field p.v. 

Zancsville tp. 

Zanesville li. 

Zauesville p.v. 

Zanesville c. 

Zapato p.v. 

Zeandale tp. 

Zebulon p.v. 

Zeeland tp. 

Zeeland p.v. 

Zelienoplo p.b. 

Zenorsville p.v, 

Zif. p.tp. 

Zilwaukee tp. 

ZilwHukee p.v. 

Zimmerman p.b. 

Zimmermantown  ..b. 

Zion p.h. 

Zion tp. 

Zions p.tp. 

Zionsville p.v. 

Zionsville p.v. 

Zoar p.v. 

Zuma tp, 

Zumbro tp, 

Zumbrota tp, 

Zumbro  ta p.v. 

Zwiugle h. 


County. 


Stat*. 


Van  Wert 

York 

York 

York 

Clark 

Dane 

Green 

Cattaraugus 

Cattaraugus 

Cattaraugus 

Sumter 

Adams 

Henry 

Delaware 

Westchester 

Carbon 

De  Witt- 

York 

Brown 

Kendall 

Dearborn 

Oneida 

Schuylkill 

York 

Gibson 

Racine 

Nevada 

Indiana 

Jefferson 

Edgar 

Cass 

Carver 

Carver 

Washington 

Fulton 

Lnurons 

Suffolk 

Warren 

Vigo 

Niagara 

Mahoning 

Mahoning 

Stark 

Westmoreland.., 

Sullivan 

Franklin 

Warren 

Napa 

Montgomery 

Napa 

Washtenaw 

Washtenaw , 

Siskij'ou 

Siskiyou 

EI  Paso.™ 

Sutter , 

Houston 

Yuma 

Vinton , 

Logan , 

Logan 

Montgomery 

Montgomery , 

Wells 

Muskingum 

Costilla.- , 

Biley 

Pike 

Ottawa 

Ottawa 

Butler 

Boone 

Wayne 

Saginaw 

Saginaw 

Greene 

Schuylkill 

Centre 

Orangeburg 

Stearns 

Boone , 

Lehigh 

Tuscarawas 

Rock  Island 

Wabasha 

Goodhue 

Goodhue 

Jackson 


Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

S.C 

Wis 

Wis 

Wis 

N.  Y 

N.  Y 

N.  Y.... 

Ala 

Pa , 

111 

Ind 

N.  Y...„ 

Pa 

Tex 

Va 

Dakota 

III 

Ind 

N,  Y 

Pa 

S.C 

Tenn.... 

Wig 

Cal 

Pa 

Pa 

Ill 

Ind 

Minn  ... 
Minn  ... 

Wis 

Ill 

S.C 

N.  Y 

Ill 

Ind 

N.  Y 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Ohio 

Pa 

N.  Y 

N.  C 

Pa 

Cal 

Ind 

Cal 

Mich.... 
Mich... 

Cal 

Cal 

Tex 

Oi) 

Minn .,. 
Arizona 

Ohio 

Ohio-,,, 

Ohio 

Ill 

Ill 

Ind 

Ohio 

Col 

Kan 

Ga 

Micb..,. 
Mich.,,, 

Pa 

Iowa,... 

Ill 

Mich,.,, 
Mich.... 

Ohio 

Pa 

Pa 

S.  C 

Minn... 

Ind 

Pa 

Ohio 

Ill „ 

Minn ... 
Minn  ... 
Minn... 
Iowa.... 


Population. 


1870.      1880, 


11,003 
2,594 
3,200 


1,068 
1,088 
1,675 


2,625 


1,587 


1,050 
954 
687 


792 
1,961 


8,075 
2,762 


462 
1,252 


6,471 

1,561 

1,816 

1,063 

799 

998 

610 


690 

879 

282 

1,901 


10,011 


2,343 


387 


480 
1,153 


471 
956 


326 

787 
458 
784 


1,364 

13,940 

2,379 

4,248 

477 

983 

1,049 

1,784 

257 

430 

232 

378 

740 

3:n 

2,481 

1,039 

430 

250 

101 

3(i5 

103 

295 

640 

1,330 

99 

1,532 

195 

1,376 

909 

1,274 

236 

979 

151 

64 

866 

2,343 

299 

85 

39 

600 

15,435 

6,740 

248 

294 

113 

117 

606 

2,058 

104 

256 

4,984 

1,459 

2,658 

1,1159 

1,453 

1,304 

844 

1.200 

1,176 

939 

307 

1,058 

86 

228 

18,113 

132 

669 

245 

2,715 

484 

497 

256 

425 

1,630 

915 

93 

76 

65 

1,572 

661 

865 

160 

291 

692 

838 

904 

797 

66 


t  Since  1870,  part  to  Songer. 
•  In  1870,  part  to  Amaqua. 
'  lu  1874,  part  to  Salt  Creek. 


*  In  1870,  part  to  Bucklin. 
6  In  187.3,  parts  to  Norwalk  and 
Hiudeu. 


*  In  1870,  including  Jackson- 
ville. 


7  In  1870,  including  ClJiyville. 


419 


EXPLANATIONS. 


SUGGESTIONS  RELATING  TO  THE  SYSTEM  OF  PRONUNCIATION. 


The  primary  or  principal  accent  in  any  name  is  marked  thus  C);  the  secondary  thus(^);  as  Pas^sa- 

j-MAQUAD''DT. 

When  the  right  or  left  bank  of  a  river  is  spoken  of,  the  speaker  or  reader  is  supposed  to  be  looking 
■'down  the  stream,  or,  in  other  words,  going  with  the  current. 

When  two  or  more  names  with  the  same  spelling  occur  in  succession,  and  the  pronunciation  of  the 
first  only  is  given,  it  is  intended,  as  a  general  rule,  that  all  shall  be  pronounced  alike. 

The  pronunciation  of  a  name  is  distinguished  from  the  name  itself  by  its  not  beginning  with  a  capital. 
When,  immediately  after  a  name,  there  occurs  one  or  more  names  in  capitals,  or  beginning  with  a  capital, 
enclosed  in  a  parenthesis,  these  are  to  be  understood  as  different  modes  of  writing  the  first ;  but  if  th« 
word  enclosed  begins  with  a  small  letter,  it  is  merely  the  pronunciation  of  the  first  name. 

Every  letter,  or  combination  of  letters,  occurring  in  ih^  pronunciation  of  a  word  or  name,  is  to  be  pro- 
nounced with  its  proper  English  sound ;  for  example,  g  must  ber  hard,  as  in  get,  give,  soft  g  being  always 
represented  in  the  pronunciation  by  j;  ch  must  be  sounded  as  in  chill,  choose,  &c.,  and  never  as  sh. 

In  the  pronunciation  of  foreign  European  names,  care  should  be  taken  not  to  allow  i.  to  fall  into 
the  third  or  broad  sound  of  this  vowel,— an  error  to  which  American  and  English  speakers  are  very 
prone.  It  would  be  much  less  a  fault,  generally  speaking,  to  pronounce  it  like  a  in  fat.  It  should, 
however,  be  observed  that  a  preceding  the  nasal  N"  in  French  is  usually  broad,  almost  like  o  in  not. 
(See  Introduction,  XVI.  19  and  20.) 

When  6  or  0  end  a  syllable  in  the  pronunciation  of  a  word,  they  are  always  to  be  pronounced  dis- 
tinctly  with  their  first  sound  (as  in  me  or  no). 

0  marked  long  (6),  though  often  employed  in  English  names  in  order  to  show  merely  that  this 
letter  has  its  first  sound,  when  it  occurs  in  the  pronunciation  oi  foreign  words  or  names,  always  indicates 
that  the  sound  of  the  vowel  is  to  be  prolonged.  In  like  manner,  6  indicates  that  this  letter  has  a  sound 
like  0  in  not,  to  be  pronounced  distinctly,  but  very  short. 

The  sound  of  u  before  a  vowel,  in  Spanish  words,  is  usually  represented  by  w.  Thus,  nuevo  is  pro- 
nounced nwa'vo,  which  is  nearly  equivalent  to  noo-a^vo.  In  Italian,  the  u  before  a  vowel  appears  to  bo 
sounded  more  distinctly :  accordingly,  we  have  indicated  the  pronunciation  of  nuovo,  duomo,  by  noo-o'vo, 
doo-o'mo.     In  these  cases,  noo-o  and  doo-o  are  to  be  pronounced  almost  i.n  one  syllable. 

Persons  who  have  not  had  considerable  practice  are  frequently  at  a  loss  to  understand  the  pronun- 
ciation of  names,  as  indicated  by  letters  and  accents.  In  determining  the  pronunciation  of  a  difficult 
name,  it  is  important,  first,  to  sound  the  separate  syllables  distinctly,  going  over  the  word  carefully 
several  times ;  and,  lastly,  to  pronounce  the  whole  name  continuously  and  smoothly,  without  separating 
the  syllables  at  all,  at  the  same  time  taking  care  to  sound,  with  the  proper  force  and  fulness,  those  which 
are  marked  with  accents. 

It  is  believed  that  the  inexperienced  will  be  materially  aided  in  acquiring  the  art  of  reading  pro- 
nunciations by  seeing  the  same  pronunciation  expressed  in  two  or  three  different  modes,  as  exhibited  in 
the  following  examples : 


Alameda— ah-lah-may'dah,  or  4-18,-mi'dd. 

Nerada — nay-vah'dah,  or  ni-vi'di. 

Apache — ah-pah'chay,  4-pi'ohi,  or  i-pltch'i. 

America — ah-mer're-kuh,  or  i-mdr'e-ka. 

Canada — kan'uh-duh,  or  k3,n'a-da. 

Chihuahua — ohe-wi'wi,  tchee-wi'wS,,  or  chee-waVwah. 

Chiquitos— chee-kee'tooe,  or  che-kee'tfts. 

Lanching — 14n-ching',  or  13,n-tcheeN»'. 


II. 

Naeva — noo-ay'vah,  noo-4'v8,,  nway'rah,  or  nw4'v&. 
Nuoro — noo-o'vo,  nwo'vo,  or  noo-6'\-6. 
Chiana — ke-4'n4,  kyi'ni,  or  ke-ah'nah. 
Laoohiarella — l4-ke-4-rfil'13,,  or  l&k-yi-rSl'lah. 
Argentiere — aR^zh6ii»He-aiB',  ar^zhisoHyin',  or  ar'zhSu"'- 

te-aia'. 
Juan  (Sp.  pron.)^Hooin',  or  Hw&n. 
Joao — zho-i'6K»,  zho-owN»',  zho-ah'oow,  zhwSn",  zhwi'dii*. 


In  the  above  examples,  the  several  pronunciations  of  a  name  are  each  intended  to  convey  nearly  the 
same  sounds.  In  the  first  list,  viz.,  Alameda,  Nevada,  Apache,  &c.',  the  pronunciation  is  given  at  first 
without  figured  vowels ;  by  comparing  this  method  with  the  pronunciations  that  follow,  the  pupil  will 
more  readily  understand  the  signification  of  the  figured  vowels. 

421 


EXPLANATIONS. 


In  tho  second  list,  Nueva,  Nuovo,  Ac,  noo-& — ,  noo-o — ,  ke-1 — ,  li-ke-ft — ,  and  — te-aiR  are  to  be 
pronounced  almost  like  nwA,  nwo,  kyl,  Uk-yi,  and  tyaiB  respectively.  Were  the  first  pronunciation 
only  given,  the  reader  might  be  in  danger  of  separating  the  syllables  (noo-il — ,  ke-1,  &c.)  too  much; 
if  only  the  latter,  he  might  not  sound  them  with  sufficient  distinctness,  the  true  pronunciation  being 
between  the  two.  To  one,  bowever,  at  all  acquainted  with  the  languages  to  which  those  names  belong, 
either  mode  of  representation  would  be  quito  sufficient  to  indicate  the  proper  pronunciation. 


SIGNS,  ETC.,  RELATING  TO  ORTHOEPY. 


A  has  five  lonndi,  represented  as  follows : 

i  as  a  in /ate, /able,  So. 

k  »M  a  in  /other,  /ar,  or  in  the  lut  syllable  of  mama, 

ilia  a  in /all,  all,  being  equal  to  ate. 

&  as  a  hat, /at,  <fco. 

^  obscure,  as  in  organ,  oval. 

ah  is  used  to  denote  a  sound  intermediate  between  &  and 
i,  as  al-^  bah'ma. 

E  has  three  sounds : 

i  (or  simple  e,  when  it  ends  a  syllable)  as  «  in  me. 

i  as  e  in  met,  merry, 

^,  obscure,  as  e  in  berth,  ravel. 

I  has  three  sounds : 

i  as  t  in  pine,  vtine. 

I  or  i  as  t  in  pin,  pit. 

I,  obscure,  as  in  Jirm,  evil. 

0  has  three  sounds : 

b  (or  simple  o,  when  ending  a  syllable)  as  o  in  note,  no, 

ft  as  o  in  not,  hot,  &o, 

9  obscure,  as  in  termon,  harbor. 

U  has  two  sounds : 

fi  (or  u,  ending  a  syllable)  as  u  in  tube,  hue. 

1i  as  u  in  tub,/ur, 

Th  has  two  sounds : 

th  as  in  thin, 

TB  (small  capitals)  as  in  thit, 

o  has  a  sound  similar  to  the  French  eu,  or  nearly  like 
that  of  e  in  her.  It  may  be  anglicized  by  e.  (See  Intro- 
duction, XVII.  8.) 


U  is  like  the  French  «,  being  intermediate  between  ee  and 
00.    (XIX.  5.) 

D  (small  capital),  in  the  pronunciation  of  a  name,  indi- 
cates that  its  sound  is  nearly  similar  to  th  in  (At*. 

G  and  K  (small  capitals)  indicate  the  sound  of  the  Oer- 
man  ch,  or  one  similar  to  it.     (V.  and  XVII.  19,  20.) 

H  (small  capital)  has  a  sound  nearly  similar  to  the  pra> 
ceding,  but  more  resembling  a  strongly  aspirated  h. 

I  {I  liquid)  is  to  be  pronounced  like  Hi  in  million :  it  blends 
the  sounds  of  I  and  y  consonant     (XXIV.  13.) 

fi  in  like  manner  blends  the  sounds  of  n  nnd  i/  consonant 

M  and  N  (small  capitals)  and  s«  are  nasal,  being  simili^ 
in  sound  to  ny.     (XVI.  19.) 

R  (small  capital)  has  tho  sound  of  rr  in  terror,    (XVI.  24.) 

c  (small  capital)  indicates  the  sound  of  the  French  «u. 
It  is  pronounced  nearly  as  u  in  tub  or  in/ur. 

i)  indicates  a  sound  similar  to  our  v. 

Y  and  et/,  at  the  end  of  an  unaccented  syllable,  sound 
like  e  in  me, 

Ai  and  «y  are  considered  to  be  equivalent  to  a  in /ate. 

Au  and  aw  have  the  sound  of  a  in /all, 

(i  indicates  a  sound  similar  to  t  in  pit  or  in  the  first  syl- 
lable of  epirit, 

Sw  or  ou,  as  in  now  or  our, 

Gh  is  employed  in  pronunciation  for  ^  hard,  before  e  and  i. 

Sometimes  different  modes  are  adopted  to  indicate  the 
same  sound, — e.g.,  ee  instead  of  i  or  e.  The  object  lias  been 
to  mark  the  true  pronunciation  in  a  manner  most  likely 
to  bo  clearly  understood.  This  is  believed  to  be  of  more 
importance  than  absolute  uniformity. 


ABBREVIATIONS,  ETC. 

A  VERT  few  abbreviations  (those  only  which  are  sanctioned  by  general  usage)  are  employed  in  the 
descriptive  portion  of  this  Gazetteer.     They  are  as  follows : 
E east  or  eastern. 


N.    .   .',•'.'.",   ^•",  '.  north  or  northern. 

S. south  or  southern. 

"W west  or  western. 

The  following  a^bi:e,Tia)ions  relate  to  pronunciation,  &c. 

^^i-      •    •   •/^^oft•ft.  •    •    -Adjective. 
anc.       ...   k   ......    .  anciently. 

Arab Arabic. 

Dan Danish. 

Fr French. 

Ger J   .  ,  ,,  Qerman. 

Gr ^.;j>,,,,-y  Greek. 

Hun Hungarian. 

infaab inhabitant. 


CO.  or  cos county  or  counties. 

lat.  latitude. 

Ion.  longitude. 

P.  or  Pop Population. 

Int.      Introduction. 

It.        Italian. 

L.         Latin. 

Port Portuguese. 

pron pronunciation. 

Russ Russian. 

Sp Spanish. 

Sw Swedish. 

Turk Turkish. 


To  avoid  a  repetition  of  the  same  name,  an  ellipsis  like  the  following  is  frequently  employed'? 
"  Leeds,  a  town  of  England,  county  and  23  miles  W.S.  W.  of  York;"  meaning,  "  in  the  county  of  York, 
and  23  miles  W-S-W.  of  the  city  of  York."  ..   .•• 

422 


PRONOUNCING   GAZETTEER 


OP  THE 


WORLD. 


A. 


AA 


AAK 


AOj  5S,,  a  contraction  of  the  old  German  ATiha,  and  the 
Bame  with  Aach  or  Ach,  signifies  "flowing  water."  It  prob- 
ably has  the  same  root  with  the  Latin  Aq^ua.  (See  Aix-la- 
Chapelle.) 

Aa,  4i  or  K;  the  name  of  a  multitude  Of  little  streams  in 
Germany,  Netherlands^  France,  Ac,  the  principal  of  which 
are  the  following : 

Aa,  an  affluent  of  the  Ems,  which  it  joins  at  Miinster. 

Aa,  or  Treider-Aa,  tri'd^r-i,  a  river  of  European 
Russia,  in  Livonia,  flowing  AV.  into  the  Gulf  of  Riga. 

Aa,  a  river  of  France,  department  of  Nord,  flowing  into 
the  North  Sea  near  Gravelines. 

Aa,  a  river  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Aargau,  forms  the 
lakes  Baldegg  and  Hallwyl,  and  joins  the  Aar  near  Aarau. 

Aa,  or  Sarner-Aa,  slu'n^r-i,  a  river  of  Switzerland. 
cantonofUnterwaldcn,  traverses  Lakes  Lungern  and  Samen, 
and  enters  the  Lake  of  the  Four  Cantons  near  Alpnach. 

Aa,  a  river  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Brabant,  passes  Hel- 
mond,  and  joins  the  Dommel  at  Bois-le-Due. 

Aa,  or  Grande>Aa,  grfiNd-ft.',  a  river  of  Belgium,  in 
the  province  of  Antwerp,  is  a  tributary  of  the  Little  Nethe. 

Aa,  or  Straet-van-Aa,  str^t-vin-l',  a  hamlet  of  Bel- 
gium, 5  miles  S.W.  of  Brussels.  It  gives  name  to  a  promi- 
nent family,  often  mentioned  in  the  history  of  Flanders. 

Aabcnraa,  the  Danish  for  Apenrade. 

Aach,  Ak,  a  town  of  Baden,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Schaff- 
hauscn,  on  the  river  of  the  same  name,  which  falls  into 
Lake  Constance.     Pop.  914. 

Aachen,  S.'K?n,  a  government  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
bordering  on  the  Netherlands  and  Belgium.  Area,  1604 
square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Ruhr,  is  generally  fer- 
tile, produces  mtich  coal  and  lead,  and  has  largo  and  varied 
manufactures.  Chief  towns,  Aix-la-Chapelle,  Diiren,  Eupen, 
and  Eschweilcr. 

Aachen,  a  city  of  Germany.    See  Aix-la-Chapei>le. 

Aadorf,  S.'d6uf,  a  town  of  Switerland,  canton  of  Thur- 
gau,  on  a  railway,  3  miles  from  Frauenfeld.     Pop.  2121. 

Anfjord,  aw-ie-ond',  a  fiord,  or  bay,  and  town  of  Norway, 
Btifl  of  Trondhjein,  is  the  seat  of  fisheries  and  of  a  largo 
coastwise  trade.     Pop.  1800. 

Aag;ard,  aw'gand,  a  village  of  Denmark,  in  North  Jut- 
land, 25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Aalborg,  celebrated  for  the  battle 
of  St.  Jiirgens  Berg,  a.d.  1441. 

Aakirkeby,  aw-keeu'k?h-bii\  a  town  of  Denmark, 
Island  of  Bornholm,  near  the  S.  coast,  with  a  church  of  black 
marble,  quarried  in  its  vicinity.     Pop.  745. 

Aal,  awl,  a  town  of  Norway,  on  the  Ustedal,  120  miles 
N.W.  of  Bergen.     Pop.  4500. 

^  Aalborg,  awl'boRO,  i.e.  "Eel  Castle"  (L.  Albur'gum),  a 
city  and  seaport  of  Denmark,  in  Jutland,  on  the  S.  shore  of 
the  Lymfiord,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Cattegat.  Lat.  57°  2' 
46"  N.;  Ion.  9°  55'  .38"  E.  It  is  a  bishop's  see;  has  a 
nautical  school,  a  royal  castle,  a  large  herring-fishery,  and 
manufactures  of  gloves,  soap,  pistols,  Ac.  It  exports  butter, 
fish,  and  grain,  and  is  famous  for  its  horses.  Pop.  14,152. 
The  stift  of  Aalborg,  one  of  the  four  ecclesiastical  divisions 
of  Jutland,  has  a  pop.  of  160,000.  Area  of  the  amt  of  Aal- 
borg, a  political  division,  1133  square  miles;  pop.  87,089. 

Aalbnch,  il'b56K,  a  group  of  mountains  of  Germany, 
in  the  N.E.  part  of  the  Alb  or  Swabian  Alps,  in  AViirtem- 
berg.    It  has  no  lofty  summits,  is  largely  covered  with 


beech  forests,  and  has  two  hfetoric  peaks, — the  Ilohen- 
staufen  and  the  Hohenrochberg,  each  with  its  ruined  castle, 
— the  former  once  the  seat  of  an  imperial  family,  and  the 
latter  the  home  of  the  princes  of  Hohenrochberg. 

Aalen,  4'l?n,  a  town  and  railway  junction  of  WUrtcm- 
berg,  on  the  Kocher,  40  miles  E.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  5552. 

Aalesund,  aw'l^h-soond  ("Eel  Sound"), a  seaport  town 
of  Norway.     Lat.  62°  24'  N. ;  Ion.  6°  6'  E.     Pop.  3058. 

Aalsmeer,  &ls'maiR,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
North  Holland,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Amsterdam.    Pop.  3158. 

Aalst,  9,1st,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North  Bra- 
bant, 3  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Eindhoven.     Pop.  616. 

Aalst,  a  town  of  Belgium.    See  Alost. 

Aalten,  &l't?n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  province  of 
Gelderland,  on  the  Aa,  29  miles  E.  of  Arnhem.     Pop.  6084. 

Aamodt,  or  Aamadt,  aw'mott,  a  town  of  Norway,  on 
the  Glommen,  86  miles  N.N.E.  of  Christiania.     Pop.  3000. 

Aar,  a  river  of  Prussia.    Sec  Aim. 

Aar,  8,n  (anc.  Ohrin'ga),  a  river  of  Switzerland,  rises  in 
the  Grimsel  and  Schreckhorn,  canton  of  Bern,  forms  the  re- 
markable fall  of  Handeck,  traverses  the  lakes  of  Brienz  and 
Thun,  passes  Thun,  Bern,  Soleure,  and  Aarau,  and  falls  into 
the  Rhine  opposite  Waldshut.  It  is  navigable  from  the 
Rhine  to  Thun. — Aar  is  the  name  of  several  German  rivers. 

Aarafat,  a  mountain  of  Arabia.    See  Arafat. 

Aarau,  or  Aran,  5.'r5w,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  capital 
of  the  canton  of  Aargau,  on  the  Aar,  41  miles  N.E.  of  Bern. 
Pop.  5449.  The  tunnel  of  the  Basel  A  Zurich  Railway 
passes  under  the  town.  Aarau  has  an  academy  and  library, 
manufactories  of  ribbons,  cotton  cloth,  mathematical  instru- 
ments, leather,  and  vitriol,  and  a  cannon-foundry. 

Aarberg,  5,R'b6RG,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  on  an  island 
in  the  Aar,  ]2i  miles  N.W.  of  Bern.     Pop.  1226. 

Aarbnrg,  or  Arburg,  &u'b65RG,  a  town  of  Switzer- 
land, on  the  Aar,  6  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Aarau.     Pop.  1879. 

Aardenburg,  3n'd?n-b6oRG*,  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, province  of  Zeeland,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Sluis.   Pop.  1685. 

Aared,  Arid,  Ared,  i'r^d,  or  Aroudh,  i'rood,  some 
times  designates  a  mountain-group  or  highland  of  Nedjed, 
in  Arabia,  near  the  Persian  Gulf;  but  more  frequently  it  is 
used  to  designate  a  province  in  Nedjed,  containing  Riad,  the 
capital  of  that  country.  It  has  much  fertile  soil.  Pop.  over 
100,000. 

Aargau,  8,n'gow  (Fr.  Argovie,  aR'goVee' ;  L.  Argo'via), 
a  canton  of  Switzerland,  bounded  by  the  cantons  of  Zurich, 
Zug,  Lucerne,  Bern,  Soleure,  and  Basel,  and  by  the  Rhine, 
which  separates  it  from  Baden.  Area,  503  square  miles. 
Pop.  201,567,  more  than  one-half  being  Protestants.  Surface 
undulating,  and  traversed  by  the  Aar,  Reuss,  and  Limmat. 
Soil  well  cultivated.  Vineyards  extensive.  Principal  man- 
ufactures, cottons,  silks,  and  linens ;  these,  with  straw  hats, 
cattle,  cheese,  and  corn,  form  the  chief  exports.  The  name, 
which  is  German,  signifies  the  "country  or  district  of  the 
Aar."    Capital,  Aarau. 

Aarhuus,  oR'hooce,  a  seaport  and  bishop's  see  of  Den- 
mark, in  Jutland,  on  the  Cattegat,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Molle-Aue,  37  miles  S.E.  of  Viborg.  Lat.  56°  9'  27"  N. ; 
Ion.  10°  12'  46"  E.  It  has  a  cathedral,  a  lyceum,  museum, 
and  library,  various  manufactures,  and  regular  steam  com- 
munication with  Copenhagen.     Pop.  (1890)  33,308. 

Aarlanderveen,  ftR'Un-d^r-vain',  a  town  of  the  Neth- 

423 


AAR 


424 


ABB 


•rlanda,  in  th«  prorinoe  of  South  UoUand,  17  milo8  S.S.E. 
of  Haarlem.     Pup.  2828. 

Aarle-ltixtel,  |R'lfh-rIx't«I,  a  Tillage  of  the  Nether- 

UnJg,  Nurtb  Urabant,  3  miles  S.  of  llelmond.     Pop.  1640. 

Aarmuhic,  &ii'moo-l(h,  a  village  and  railway  station 

of  Switxerlund,  canton  uf  Bern,  adjoining    Intorlachon. 

Pop.,  with  Inturlachen,  1896. 

AarOe«  aw'rd'^h,  a  small  island  of  Prussia,  Sleswick,  in 
the  Littlo  Belt,  10  miles  E.  of  Iladersleben.  Opposite  the 
island,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Sleswick,  is  the  village  of  Aorde- 
sund,  aw'ru'f-soond'. 

Aarun,  a  peninsula  of  France.    See  Saint-Malo. 
Aaroii)  E'r^n,  a  post-hamlet  of  Switzerland  co.,  Ind., 
in  Pleasant  township,  43  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cincinnati,  0. 

Aaron  Lake*  a  large  lake  in  Millerville  township, 
Douj^las  CO.,  Minn.     It  has  no  outlet. 

Aaronsburgf  &'r9nz-bilrg,  a  post-village  in  Haines 
townchip,  Centre  co.,  i'a.,  about  20  miles  E.  of  Bellefonte. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  tannery,  carriage-shop,  and  chair- 
factory.     Pop.  about  450. 

Aarschot)  a  town  of  Belgium.    See  AERScnoT. 

Aarum,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Arum. 

Aar'woodf  a  post-village  of  Kalkaska  co.,  Mich.,  14 
miles  N.W.  of  Kalkaska.     Pop.  100.  . 

Aas,  iV<,  a  village  of  France,  Basses- Pyr6n6e8,  18  miles 
S.E.  of  Oloron.     It  has  mines  of  iron  and  lead.     Pop.  404. 

Aasgaardstrad,  &8'g&Rd-stHld\  a  village  of  Norway, 
on  tho  W.  side  of  the  (iulf  of  Christiania.    Pop.  460. 

Aast)  Ast,  a  village  of  France,  Bas8cs-Pyr6n6e8,  6  miles 
S.W.  of  Montaner.     It  has  a  mineral  spring.     Pop.  209. 

Aastad,  ah'st&d,  a  post-hamlet  of  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn^ 
6  miles  N.E.  of  Wendell.     It  has  a  church. 

Aasy,  Kl,  a  river  of  Syria.    See  Orontes. 

Aath,  a  town  of  Belgium.    See  Ath. 

Aba,  dh'bOh',  a  town  of  Hungary,  11  miles  S.  of  Stuhl* 
weissenburg.     It  has  mineral  springs.     Pop.  2997. 

Abahde,  i-bAb'd^h,  Shck-Abade,  shik-i-bi'd^h, 
or  Slicik  Abadch,  sh4'ik  i-b4'd^h,  a  village  of  Middle 
Egyp^j  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Nile,  8  miles  S.  of  Beni 
Hassan.  Lat.27°  43'  N.  j  Ion.  30°  67'  E.  Near  it  are  the 
ruins  of  tho  ancient  Anti)we,  or  Antinoopolts,  a  city  built  by 
the  Emperor  Hadrian,  and  named  from  his  favorite  Anti- 
nous,  who  was  drowneid  in  the  Nile.  These  remains,  which 
are  entirely  Roman,  are  supposed  to  occupy  the  site  of  a 
still  more  ancient  city,  named  liesa,  famed  for  its  oroclos, 
and  mentioned  by  Abulfeda  under  the  name  of  Aiisina,  or 
Ausineh,  by  which  the  place  is  still  sometimes  designated. 
Little  of  it  now  remains  except  its  theatre,  the  substructure 
of  various  buildings,  and  the  hippodrome  without  the  walls. 

Abacaxis,  d-bi-ki-shces',  a  river  of  Brazil,  passes 
through  Lake  Guaribos,  and  falls  into  the  Furo  or  Mauhe, 
an  affluent  of  the  Amazon.     Lat.  4°  S.;  Ion.  58°  30'  W. 

Abaco,  &'b4-ko,  or  Lacaya,  loo-ki'y&,  ono  of  the 
Bahama  Islands,  80  miles  in  length  by  about  20  in  breadth. 
A  natural  perforation  of  the  rock  at  its  S.E.  point  forms  a 
landmark  well  known  to  seamen  as  the  Hole  in  the  Wall. 
Lat.  of  light-house,  25°  51'  30"  N.;  Ion.  77°  10'  45"  W.; 
elevation,  160  feet.     Pop.  2362. 

Little  Abaco,  28  miles  long,  lies  immediately  W.  of  the 
N.  extremity  of  the  above,  which  is  called,  for  distinction, 
"  Great  Abaco." 

Abad,  6b*6d',  a  village  of  Hungary,  county  of  Middle 
Szolnok,  on  the  Theiss.     Pop.,  with  Tisza-Szalok,  3890. 

Abadeh,  i-bi'd^b,  a  town  of  Persia,  110  miles  N.  of 
Shceraz,  famed  for  its  gardens  of  delicious  fruit.     Pop.  5400. 

Abai,  or  Abay,  i-bi',  a  town  and  harbor  on  the  N.W. 
coast  of  Borneo,  about  lat.  6°  21'  N. 

Abai,  or  Abay.    See  Bahr-el-Azrek. 

Abaite,  i-bi'ti,  a  river  of  Brazil,  flows  N.E.  into  the 
Sao  Francisco.    Length,  135  miles. 

Abakansk,  Jl-b&-k&nsk',  a  fortified  town  of  Siberia, 
government  of  Yeniseisk,  on  the  Abakan,  near  its  junction 
with  the  Yenisei.  Lat.  54°  N.;  Ion.  91°  30'  E.  It  is  re- 
Eiarkable  for  the  ancient  tombs  in  its  vicinity,  which  contain 
carved  work  of  an  extraordinary  character.     Pop.  1000. 

Abaiak,  i-bi-lik',  a  town  of  Siberia,  S.E.  of  Tobolsk, 
on  the  Irtish ;  a  celebrated  place  of  pilgrimage.     Pop.  550. 

Aballaba,  ancient  town  of  England.    See  Appleby, 

Aballo,  the  ancient  name  of  Avallon. 

Abana,  a  river  of  Syria.    See  Barrada. 

Abancay,  &-B&n-ki',  a  town  of  Peru,  capital  of  the  de- 
partment of  Apurimac,  and  of  the  province  of  its  own  name, 
on  the  Abancay,  65  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cuzco.  Much  sugar  is 
raised  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  estimated  at  5000. 

Abanilla,  &-B&-neel'y&,  a  fortified  town  of  Spain,  18 
miles  N.E.  of  Murcia.     Pop.  about  4000. 

Abano,  l-bl'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Padua. 


Pop.  3430.      It  is  famous  for  its  sulphureous  waters  and 
mud  baths,  much  resorted  to  in  cutaneous  diseases. 

Abasia,  &-b&Bh'c-&,  or  Abad'za,  a  circle  in  the  Rus- 
sian government  of  Kooban,  in  the  Caucasus,  on  the  E. 
coast  of  tho  Black  Sea,  and  S.  of  Abkavia.  It  is  divided 
by  a  mountain-range  into  two  parts, — Great  (or  Southern) 
and  Little  Abasia.     Pop.  42,000.    See  Abkasia. 

Abatagoush,  ab-^-t^goosh',  a  large  bay  on  Lake 
Mistassini,  North-Wost  Territories,  Canada,  3;53  miles  N.  of 
Montreal.     On  it  is  a  Hudson  Bay  Company's  post. 

AbatamagomaW,  ab-at-a  lua-go'maw,  a  lake  of  the 
North-Wost  Territories,  Canada,  272  miles  N.  of  Montreal, 
and  10  miles  N.W.  of  Lake  Nikoubau.  It  is  about  12  miles 
long  and  9  miles  wide,  and  is  crowded  with  low  rocky  islands. 
Copper  and  iron  ores  are  found  on  the  margin,  and  lime- 
stone and  building-stones  are  abundant.  Lake  Abatiuna- 
gomaw  has  its  outlet  in  the  S.W.  part  by  one  of  tho  branches 
of  the  Notaway  River. 

Abatis  Villa,  a  town  of  France.    Sec  Abbeville. 

Abatsho,  Abatscho,  il-bilt'sho,  or  Abitsclie, 
i-blt'sh^h,  a  large  town  of  Africa,  on  the  left  bank  of  tho 
navigable  river  Benuwo.     Lat.  7°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  8°  50'  E. 

Abatzkaya,  A-bits-kiVyi,  a  town  of  Siberia,  on  the 
Ishim,  125  miles  S.E.  of  Tobolsk.     Pop.  2000. 

Aba  Uj  Viir,  oh'boh'  oo*8  viVu',  a  county  or  district  of 
Hungary.    Area,  1117  square  miles.     Pop.  166,666. 

Abay,  a  town  of  Borneo.    See  Abai. 

Abb,  ibb,  a  fortified  town  of  Arabia,  in  Yemen,  80  miltt 
E.  of  Mocha.     Pop.  about  4000. 

Abbadia,  ib-bi-dee'i,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Turin,  2  miles  W-i  of  Pinerolo.     Pop.  1620. 

Abbadia,  &b-b.\-dee'&,  a  town  and  port  of  Brazil,  oB 
the  Areguitiba,  near  tho  Atlantic,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Sergi|)o. 

Abbadia  San  Salvadorc,  ilb-bfl-dco'&  s&n  s&l-v&. 
do'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  1 7  miles  S.W.  of  Chiusi.  Pop.  3CS5. 
Near  it  is  the  "Abbey  of  San  Salvadore." 

Abba- Jaret,  or  Abba-Jared.    See  Abba-Yareu. 

Abbasabad,  ib-bl-sl-bid',  a  fortified  town  of  Asintie 
Russia,  on  the  Aras  (Araxes),  8  miles  S.  of  Nakhchivan. 

Abbasanta,  fLb-b^-sAn'til,  or  Aqua  Santa,  &k'wi 
s&n'td.,  a  town  of  Sardinia,  province  of  Cagliari.    Pop.  1399. 

Abba-Yarcd,  Abba- Yaret,  or  Abba- Jarct,  hh'- 
bi  yi'rfit,  a  mountain  of  Abyssinia.    Elevation,  14,918  I'cct. 

Abbaye,  a  village  of  Switzerland.    See  L'Abbave. 

Abbaye  (ab'ba.^)  Point,  upper  peninsula  of  Michigan, 
is  between  Huron  and  Keweenaw  Bays,  on  Lake  Superior. 

Abbenrode,  ib'b?n-ro*d?h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  18  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Halberstadt.    It  has  paper-mills  and  iron-works. 

Abbeokoota,  Abbeokuta,  &b-be-o-koo'ti,  or  Ab- 
bckuta,  ib-bo-koo'ti,  a  large  town  of  Western  Africa,  cap" 
ital  of  the  province  of  Egba,  kingdom  of  Yarriba  or  Yoruba, 
60  miles  N.E.  of  Badagry,  in  the  Bight  of  Benin.  It  is  built 
on  granite  hills  of  moderate  elevation.  Its  streets  arc  nar- 
row and  irregular.  Its  population  was  com))osed  of  tho  in- 
habitants of  a  number  of  towns  and  villages  destroyed  during 
a  war  that  took  place  in  1817;  and  since  that  period  Ab- 
beokoota has  become  the  important  place  it  now  is,  being 
about  2  miles  long,  and  nearly  as  broad,  with  a  pop.  of  about 
100,000. 

Abbeville,  IbVveel'  (L.  Ahatia  Villa),  a  fortified  town 
of  France,  department  of  Somme,  on  the  Somme,  12  miles 
from  the  English  Channel,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Amiens,  on  the 
Railway  du  Nord  and  the  Canal  de  la  Somme.  Pop.  18,208. 
It  is  well  built,  with  houses  mostly  of  brick,  some  fine  public 
edifices,  especially  the  cathedral,  a  large  cloth-factory  founded 
in  1669,  and  manufactories  of  velvet,  bonnets,  carpets,  and 
cordage.  It  has  a  great  trade  in  grain,  oil-seeds,  wines,  itc. 
Vessels  of  150  tons  come  up  the  Somme  to  Abbeville. 

Ab'beville,  a  county  in  theW.N.W.  part  of  South  Caro- 
lina, has  an  area  of  about  950  square  miles,  of  which  about 
one-fourth  is  woodland.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the 
Savannah  River,  which  separates  it  from  Georgia,  and  on 
the  N.E.  by  the  Saluda,  and  is  also  drained  by  Little  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating ;  the  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Cot- 
ton^ maize,  and  wheat  are  the  staple  products.  The  county 
is  intersected  by  the  Columbia  <k  Greenville  Railroad. 
Capital,  Abbeville.  Pop.  in  1870,  31,129;  in  1880,  40,815; 
in  IS90,  46,854. 

Abbeville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Henry  co.,  Ala., 
about  26  miles  S.S.W.  of  Eufaula.  It  has  2  newspaper 
offices,  an  academy,  and  4  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  465. 

Abbeville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wilcox  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  Ocmulgee  River,  and  on  the  Savannah,  Americas 
<t  Montgomery  Railway,  60  miles  E.  of  Americus,  and 
about  130  miles  W.  of  Savannah.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  a  high  school.  Pop.  in  1890,  657. 
Abbeville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Vermilion  parish. 


ABB 


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AlBt! 


La.  is  on  the  Verini<ion  River,  about  40  miles  S.  of  Ope- 
Jousas.  It  has  2  newspapers,  4  churches,  a  bank,  and 
manufactures  of  wagons,  cisterns,  and  brick.     Pop.  637. 

Abbeville,  a  post-village  of  Lafayette  co.,  Miss.,  10 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Oxford.  It  has  2  churches,  a  female 
academy,  and  a  school  for  boys.     Pop.  about  200. 

Abbeville  Court-House,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Abbeville  co.,  S.C,  on  a  branch  of  the  Columbia  &  Green- 
ville Railroad,  107  miles  W.  by  N.  from  Columbia.  Two 
weekly  papers  are  published  here.  It  has  5  churches,  2 
banks,  an  academy  and  a  high  school,  and  manufactures 
of  cottoa-seed  oil  and  fertilizers.     Pop.  in  1890,  1696. 

Abbcyfeale,  ab'be-fail',  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Lim- 
erick, on  the  Feale,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Rathkeale.     Pop.  993. 

Abbeyleix,  ab^be-lice',  a  town  and  parish  of  Ireland, 
|k  miles  S.S.W.  of  Maryborough.     Pop.  of  town,  1247. 

Ab'beyville,  a  post-village  of  Medina  co..  0.,  6  miles 
from  Medina,  and  about  120  miles  N.N.E.  of  Columbus. 

Abbiategrasso,  &b-bc-S,'ti-gris'8o,  or  Biagrasso, 
bc-i-grAs'so,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  on  a  railway,  14 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Milan.     Pop.  10,039. 

Ab'bievilie,  a  post-oflSce  of  Denton  co.,  Tex. 

Abbitib'bi,  a  lake  of  the  North-West  Territories,  Can- 
ada, in  lat.  49°  N.,  Ion.  78°  10'  W.  Length,  60  miles; 
breadth,  20  miles.  It  is  studded  with  islands,  and  has  its 
outlet  in  Abbitibbi  River.     Elevation,  733  feet. 

Abbitibbi,  a  river  of  the  North-SVest  Territories,  Can- 
ada, rises  in  the  high  lands  above  Lake  Temiscamingue,  lat. 
48°  10'  N.,  Ion.  79°  30'  W.,  and  after  a  course  of  200  miles 
joins  the  Moose  River. 

Abbondanza,  a  town  of  Savoy.    See  Abondance. 

Ab'bot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Piscataquis  co.,  Me.,  in  Abbot 
township,  on  the  Piscataquis  River,  12  miles  W.  of  Dover, 
and  1  mile  from  the  Bangor  &  Piscataquis  Railroad.  It 
has  a  church.  The  township  has  manufactures  of  lumber, 
flour,  and  woollen  goods.     Pop.  712. 

Abbot,  a  township  of  Potter  co..  Pa.    Pop.  534. 

Abbotabad',  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Punjab,  ISO  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Lahore.     Pop.  4483. 

Abbotsbury,  ab'b9ts-b§r-6,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Dorset,  8  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Dorchester.    Pop.  of  parish,  1065. 

Ab'botsford,  the  celebrated  seat  of  Sir  Walter  Scott, 
in  Scotland,  co.  of  Roxburgh,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Tweed, 
near  Melrose  Abbey,  28  miles  S.E.  of  Edinburgh. 

Abbotsford,  a  post-village  of  Clark  co..  Wis.,  at  a 
railway  junction,  22  miles  N.  of  Marshfield,  and  55  miles 
E.  of  Chippewa  Palls. 

Ab'bots-Langley  (lang'Iee),  a  parish  of  England,  co. 
of  Herts.  This  is  the  birthplace  of  Nicholas  Brenkspear, 
afterwards  Adrian  IV.,  the  only  Englishman  who  ever 
became  pope. 

Ab'bott,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hardin  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Cen- 
tral Railroad  of  Iowa,  11  miles  N.  of  Eldora.  It  has  a  church. 

Abbott,  a  post-village  of  Craig  co.,  Va.,  18  miles  N.W. 
of  Salem.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  250. 

Ab'bott's,  a  township  of  Bladen  ca,  N.C.  Pop.  716. 
It  contains  Abbottsburg. 

Ab'bottsburg,  a  post-village  of  Bladen  co.,  N.C,  on 
the  Carolina  Central  Railroad,  60  miles  W.N.W.  of  AVil- 
mington.     It  has  2  churches,  and  turpentine-works. 

Ab'bott's  Cor'ners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y., 
about  12  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Buffalo,  near  Abbott's  Road 
Station  on  the  BuflFalo  &  Jamestown  Railroad.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Abbott's  Creek,  Davidson  co.,  N.C,  runs  southward 
and  enters  the  Yadkin  River. 

Abbott's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Davidson  co.,  N.C, 
7  miles  from  High  Point,  and  about  32  miles  N.E.  of  Salis- 
bury.    It  has  2  churches,  and  1  distillery. 

Abbottsford,  a  post- village  of  Benson  co.,  N.D.,  10 
miles  N.  of  Minnewaukon. 

Ab'bottsford,  a  post-village  in  Rouville  co.,  Quebec, 
Canada,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Granby.  It  contains  several  stores 
and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  250. 

Ab'bottstown,  a  post-oflSce  of  Adams  co..  Pa.,  is  at 
the  borough  of  Berwick. 

Abbot  Village,  a  post-village  of  Piscataquis  co..  Me., 
in  Abbot  township,  on  the  Piscataquis  River  and  the  Bangor 
&  Piscataquis  Railroad,  10  miles  west  of  Dover.  It  has  1 
church,  1  carriage-factory,  and  a  summer  boarding-house. 
Pop.  about  200. 

Abbot  Village,  a  name  applied  to  the  lower  or  north- 
western extremity  of  the  village  of  Andover,  Mass.  The 
Shawsheen  River  affords  water-power.  AVoollen  goods  and 
shoe-thread  are  manufactured  here. 

Abb's  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Tazewell  co.,  Va. 

Ab'byvilie,  a  post-borough  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  Va.,  on 
28 


the  Staunton  River,  6  miles  above  Clarksville,  and  about  1 
mile  from  the  Dan  River.     It  has  3  churches. 

Abcheron,   a  peninsula  in  Russia.     See  ApsHEnox. 

Abcoude,  &b-k6w'd?h,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  on 
the  Vecht,  and  on  the  Amsterdam  &  Arnhem  Railway,  14 
miles  N.W.  of  Utrecht. 

Abdatzk,  ib-d&tsk',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia,  govern- 
ment of  Tobolsk,  on  the  Ishim.     Pop.  2000. 

Abd-el-Curia,  ibd-fil-koo're-a.,  or  Abd-ul-Koo'- 
ree  (or  -Kouri),  an  island  in  the  Indian  Ocean.  Lat.  11° 
55'  N. ;  Ion.  52°  30'  E.  It  is  inhabited  by  about  70  families 
of  Arabs. 

Abd-el-Kooree,  Abd-el-Kouri,  Abd-ul- 
Kuri,  ibd-el-koo'reeS  or  Palinu'rus  Shoal,  a  danger- 
ous reef  of  rock  and  coral,  oflF  the  S.  coast  of  Arabia,  in  lat. 
14°  54'  50"  N.,  Ion.  50°  45'  20"  E. ;  discovered  by  Captain 
Haines  in  1835.  It  extends  1850  yards  from  N.N.E.  to 
S.S.W.,  with  a  breadth  of  from  300  to  600  yards.  It  is  8i 
miles  distant  from  the  nearest  land,  bearing  N.  by  W.  Be- 
tween the  shoal  and  the  shore  there  is  a  depth  of  120 
fathoms,  but  the  safest  navigation  is  to  seaward. 

Abde'ra,  a  famous  Greek  city  of  ancient  Thrace,  whoso 
ruins  are  on  the  Turkish  coast  of  the  .^gean  Sea,  N.E.  of  the 
island  of  Thaso. 

Abdera,  an  ancient  town  of  Spain.    See  Adha. 

Abdie,  ab'dee,  a  parish  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife,  Pop. 
1164.  The  battle  of  Blackearnside,  between  the  Scots,  under 
Wallace,  and  the  English,  was  fought  in  this  parish. 

Abdulpoor',  a  town  of  India,  North-AVest  Provinces, 
district  of  Ghazipoor.  Lat.  25°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  83°  44'  E.  Pop. 
6634. 

Abeakeuta,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Abbeokoota. 

A'bel,  a  post-office  of  Hennepin  co.,  Minn. 

Abellinum,  an  ancient  city  of  Naples.    See  Atellino. 

Abenberg,  &'b?n-b3RG^  a  small  town  of  Bavaria,  16 
miles  S.S.AV.  of  Nuremberg.     Pop.  1440. 

Abendberg,  i'b^nd-bdno^  a  mountain  in  the  Swiss 
canton  of  Bern,  on  the  S.  shore  of  Lake  Thun.  Height, 
4124  feet. 

Abenheim,  i'b?n-hlme\  a  village  of  Germany,  Grand 
Duchy  of  Hesse,  4  miles  N.AV.  of  AVorms.     Pop.  1450. 

Abensberg,  &'b?ns-b5RG*  (anc.  Ahushmf),  a  manufac- 
turing town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Abens,  18  miles  S.AV.  of  Rat- 
isbon.  It  has  a  castle  and  mineral  baths.  Here  Napoleon 
defeated  the  Austrian?,  20th  April,  1809.     Pop.  1816. 

Aberaeron,  or  Aberayron,  ab-^r-i'rpn,  a  seaport 
of  AVales,  co.  and  on  the  Bay  of  Cardigan,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Aeron,  13  miles  S.AV.  of  Aberystwith.     Pop.  600. 

Aberavon,  or  Aberafoii,  ab-er-i'v^n,  a  parliament- 
ary and  municipal  borough  and  a  railway  station  of  AVales, 
CO.  of  Glamorgan,  6  miles  E.  of  Swansea.     P.  (1891)  6281. 

Aberayron,  a  town  of  AA'^ales.    See  Aberaeron. 

Aberbrothock,  a  town  of  Scotland.    See  Arbroath. 

Ab'ercorn,  a  post-village  in  Brome  co.,  Quebec,  Canada, 
on  the  Missisquoi  River,  and  on  the  Southeastern  Railway. 
72  miles  S.E.  of  Montreal.     Pop.  200. 

Abercrombie,  village  of  Quebec.    See  Sainte  Adele. 

Ab^erdare',  a  town  of  South  AA''ales,  co.  of  Glamorgan, 
4  miles  S.W.  of  Merthyr-Tydvil,  with  stations  on  the  A'^ale 
of  Neath  and  TafF  A^ale  Railways.  Pop.  37,774.  It  ha» 
extensive  collieries  and  iron-  and  tin-works. 

Ab'erdeen',  or  Aberdeenshire,  ab'§r-deen'shir,  a 
county  of  Scotland,  having  on  the  N.  and  E.  the  North  Sea, 
and  on  the  other  sides  the  counties  of  Forfar,  Perth,  Kin- 
cardine, Banff,  Elgin,  and  Inverness.  Area,  1970  square 
miles.  Pop.  281,331.  In  the  S.AV.  are  some  of  the  highest 
mountains  in  Scotland,  including  Ben  Macdhui,  4305  feet. 
Chief  rivers.  Dee  and  Don.  More  cattle  are  bred  in  this 
than  in  any  other  Scotch  county.  Extensive  salmon-fish- 
eries are  on  the  coast  and  in  the  Dee.  Principal  manufac- 
tures, woollen,  cotton,  and  linen  goods.  This  county  return* 
two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Ab^erdeen'  (L.  Aherdo'nia,  or  Deva'na),  a  parliament- 
ary and  municipal  borough  and  seaport  of  Scotland,  capital 
of  the  county  of  the  same  name,  on  the  Great  Northern 
Railway  of  Scotland,  between  the  Don  and  the  Dee,  at  their 
entrance  into  the  North  Sea,  111  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of 
Edinburgh.  Lat.  of  observatory,  57°  8'  9"  N. ;  Ion.  2°  6'  7" 
W.  Pop.  of  parliamentary  borough  (1891),  112,923.  The 
borough  consists  of  the  following  towns,  viz. : 

Old  Aberdeen,  on  the  Don,  here  crossed  by  two  stone 
bridges.  The  population  of  this  city,  as  distinct  from  the 
parish,  is  only  1951.  Chief  buildings,  the  cathedral,  erected 
about  1357,  King's  College,  founded  in  1494,  a  neat  town- 
house,  the  trades'  hospital,  &o.  The  haven  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Don  admits  only  small  vessels,  and  Old  Aberdeen,  having 
little  trade,  depends  mostly  for  support  on  its  university. 


II 


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426 


JlBI 


Nkw  Abkrdekic,  upon  the  N.  bank  of  the  Doe,  near  iU 
mouth,  1  mile  S.  of  Old  Aberdeen,  It  is  a  handsome  city, 
irith  •paov>UB  streets  and  houses  built  of  granite.  Uero  are 
»  town-house,  court-house,  and  prison,  a  cross  erectod  in 
1680,  a  ipacioua  market,  two  bridges  across  the  Dee,  and 
one  orer  a  ravine  within  the  city,  many  banks,  churches, 
nhoola,  and  hospitals,  tho  oounty-roows,  and  Marisohal 
(mar'shal)  College,  a  Free  Church  divinity  school,  a  fine  post- 
oSUm,  and  numerous  other  public  buildings.  The  oonstruo- 
Uon  of  a  granite  pier,  20UU  foot  long,  with  other  improve- 
ments,  haa  made  the  harbor  one  of  the  best  in  this  part  of 
Scotland.  At  its  entrance  is  Girdlcness  light-house,  with 
two  lights.  New  Aberdeen  has  flourishing  manufactories 
of  cotton,  linen,  and  woollen  goods,  carpets,  machinery,  rope, 
leather,  paper,  soap,  combs,  chemicals,  hosiery,  and  sail- 
cloth, with  extensive  iron-foundries,  breweries,  ship-yards, 
and  diiitillcrics.  Aberdeen  sends  one  member  to  the  liousa 
of  Commons,  and  its  university,  with  that  of  Glasgow,  sends 
another.  King's  College  and  Marischal  College  (founded 
by  George  Keith,  Earl  Marischal,  in  151)3)  together  now 
form  the  University  of  Aberdeen.     Pop.  (1891)  121, a05. 

Aberdeen,  a  post-village  of  Harford  cc,  Md.,  on  the 
Philadelphia,  Wilmington  &  Baltimore  and  Baltimore  & 
Ohio  Railroads,  31  miles  N.E.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  extensive  fruit- 
and  vegetable-packing  industries.     Pop.  in  1890,  448. 

Aberdeen,  a  flourishing  city,  capital  of  Monroe  co.. 
Miss.,  on  the  Tombigbee  Kiver,  about  28  miles  above  Co- 
lumbus, and  540  miles  by  water  from  Mobile.  Branch  rail- 
roads converging  at  Aberdeen  connect  it  with  the  main 
lines  of  the  Mobile  A  Ohio,  the  Kansas  City,  Memphis  & 
Birmingham,  and  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  sj'stems. 
Large  steamboats  ascend  the  river  to  this  point,  which  is 
regarded  as  the  head  of  navigation,  though  lighter  craft 
ascend  to  the  upper  river  and  its  tributaries  for  freighting 

Purposes.  Aberdeen  has  fine  Federal  and  county  court- 
ouses,  8  churches,  an  opera-house,  2  banks,  several  flour- 
mills,  steam-gins  and  cotton  warehouses,  a  graded  school- 
house  erected  at  a  cost  of  $30,000,  and  manufactures  of 
wagons,  brick,  spokes,  ice,  machinery,  lumber,  &o.  It  has 
several  flowing  artesian  wells.  About  25,000  bales  of  cotton 
are  shipped  here  annually.     Pop.  (1890)  3449. 

Aberdeen,  a  post-village  of  Brown  oo.,  0.,  in  Hunting- 
ton township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  opposite  Maj-svillc,  and 
about  60  miles  above  Cincinnati.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high 
school,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  large  tannery.     Pop.  871. 

Aberdeen,  a  city  of  South  Dakota,  the  capital  of 
Brown  co.,  at  the  junction  of  several  railroads,  82  miles 
N.  of  Uuron.  It  has  8  churches,  3  banks,  a  system  of 
graded  schools,  several  flowing  artesian  wells,  which  fur- 
nish abundant  water-power,  and  manufactures  of  boots  and 
shoes,  soap,  machinery,  ploughs,  flour  and  feed,  <tc.  Seven 
newspapers  are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  3172. 

Aberdeen,  a  city  of  Chehalis  co..  Wash.,  on  the  N. 
shore  of  Gray's  Harbor,  about  12  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Monte- 
sano.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
shipyard,  a  foundry,  and  extensive  lumber  manufactories. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1638. 

Aberdeenshire,  a  county  of  Scotland.  See  Aberdeen. 

Aberdour,  ab'§r-door',  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Fife,  on  the  Firth  of  Forth,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Kirkcaldy. 

Ab'erdo'vey,  a  seaport  of  Wales,  in  Merionethshire, 
on  the  estuary  of  the  Dovey,  and  on  the  Welsh  Coast  Rail- 
way, 10  miles  N.  of  Aberystwith.     Pop.  1408. 

Aberffraw,  ab-?r-fr5w',  a  seaport  and  parish  of  Wales, 
CO.  of  Anglesca,  5  miles  W.N.W.  of  Newborough. 

Abcrfoil,  ab'§r-foil,  a  post-village  of  Bullock  co.,  Ala., 
6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Union  Springs.  It  haa  the  Abcrfoil  Acad- 
emy and  4  churches. 

Ab'erford,  a  market-town  and  parish  of  England,  co. 
of  York,  West  Riding,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Tadcaster.    Pop.  619. 

Aberfoyle,  ab^^r-foil',  a  vilLage,  parish,  and  defile  of  the 
Grampians,  in  ScotJand,  co.  of  Perth.  Pop.  432.  This  is 
the  scene  of  much  of  Sir  Walter  Scott's  "  Rob  Roy." 

Aberfjavenny,  ab\r-gi'ne  (L.  Gobanium),  a  market- 
town  of  England,  co.  of  Monmouth,  on  the  Usk,  and  on  a 
railway,  13  miles  W.  of  Monmouth.     Pop.  4803. 

Abergeley,  ab'^r-ghee'le,  a  town  of  Wales,  co.  of  Den- 
bigh, on  a  railway,  6  miles  W.N.W.  of  St.  Asaph.   Pop.  3194, 

Abergwain,  a  town  of  AValcs.    See  Fishguard. 

Abcr-Uondcy,  a  town  of  Wales.    See  Breco.v. 

Ab^erla'dy,  a  village  of  Scotland,  on  the  Firth  of  Forth, 
CO.  and  5  miles  N.W.  of  Haddington.     Pop.  477. 

Abcrmaw,  a  town  of  AVales.    Sec  Barmouth. 

Abernathy,  ab-?r-nath'e,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cleburne 
eo.,  Ala.,  25  miles  W.  of  Carrollton,  Ga.    It  has  2  churches. 

-Abcrnethy,  ab'fr-ncth-e,  a  town  and  parish  of  Scot- 


land, 008.  of  Perth  and  Fife,  at  the  estuary  of  the  Tay,  4) 
miles  S.E.  of  Perth.  Pop.  of  town,  953.  It  is  supj)08©d  to 
occupy  the  site  of  the  ancient  metropolis  of  tho  Picta;  a 
curious  ancient  round  tower  stands  in  the  churchyard. 

Abernethy,  or  Longtown,  a  post-village  of  Peny 
CO.,  Mo.,  about  75  miles  S.  by  £.  from  St.  Louis. 

Abersychan,  ab'^r-suck^an,  a  town  of  England,  in 
Monmouthshire,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Newport,  to  which  a 
railway  extends.  It  has  iron-works  and  coal-mines.  Pop. 
14,669.  ' 

Abertam,  or  Abertham,  &-b£R't&m,  a  town  of  Bohe- 
mia, on  the  Vistritz,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Carlsbad,  It  has 
mines  of  tin,  cobalt,  and  silver.  Pop.  2808. 
Aber-Tawy,  a  town  of  Wales.  See  Swansea. 
Abert  (i'b?rt)  Lake,  Oregon,  in  lat.  about  42°  45'  N,, 
Ion.  120°  W.,  is  about  20  miles  long,  and  5  miles  wide.  It 
has  no  outlet. 

Ab^cryst'with,  a  parliamentary  and  municipal  bor- 
ough, market-town,  and  seaport  of  Wales,  co.  and  33  miles 
N.  of  Cardigan,  on  two  railways,  and  on  the  Ystwith,  at  ita 
mouth  in  Cardigan  Bay.     Pop.  (1S91)  6696. 

Abesher,  or  Abechr,  &'bdsh'r,  called  also  Ileshe 
(supposed  to  be  corrupt  forms  of  Aboo-Shkuk),  a  town  of 
Soodan,  capital  of  Wadfty,  about  lat.  14°  N.,  Ion.  21°  E. 
Abessinien,  the  German  for  Adtssinia. 
Abessinia,  a  country  of  Africa.     See  Abyssinia. 
Abiad,  a  nnmeof  the  White  Nile.   See  Bahr-ki.-Abiad. 
Ab'ilene,  a  city,  capital  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas,  oo 
the  Kansas  River,  and  on  three  railroads,  95  miles  W.  of 
Topcka.      It  has   10  churches,  3  banks,  2  acadoroies,  4 
newspaper  offices,  3  flour-mills,  and  manufactures  of  iron 
bridges,  carriages,  <fec.     Large  droves  of  cattle  are  brought 
from  Texas  to  this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  3547. 

Abilene,  a  city  of  Texas,  capital  of  Taylor  co.,  on  the 
Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad,  161  miles  W.  of  Fort  Worth.  It 
has  7  churches,  3  national  banks,  a  Baptist  college,  a  pub- 
lic high  school,  3  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of 
saddlery,  harness,  lumber,  flour,  ice,  Ac.  Pop.  (1890)  3194. 
Abimes,  Les,  AVest  Indies.  See  Les  AbImes. 
Ab'ingdon,  a  borough  and  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Berks,  on  the  Ock,  where  it  joins  the  Thames,  and  on  a. 
branch  railway,  51  miles  W.N.W.  of  London.  Pop.  6799. 
It  sends  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Ab'ingdon,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co..  III.,  in  Cedar 
and  Indian  Point  townships,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  & 
Quincy  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Galcsburg.  It  contains  Abing- 
don College  (Christian),  which  was  founded  in  1855,  Ilcdding . 
College  (Methodist  Episcopal),  1  bank,  2  newspaper  offices, 
and  6  churches.  It  has  several  saw-mills,  and  manufactures 
of  gloves  and  organs.     Pop.  1700. 

Abingdon,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Iowa,  in. 
Polk  township,  about  12  miles  N.W.  of  Fairfield.  It  has  3 
churches.     Pop.  222. 

Abingdon,  a  post-village  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  25  miles 
N.E.  of  Baltimore,  and  4i  miles  from  Edgewood  Railroad. 
Station.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  106. 

Abingdon,  a  handsome  post-village,  capital  of  Wash., 
ington  CO.,  Va.,  is  pleasantly  situated  near  Walker's  Moun- 
tain, on  the  Norfolk  &  Western  Railroad,  206  miles  W.S.W.. 
of  Lynchburg.  It  is  the  seat  of  Martha  Washington  Col- 
lege for  girls,  the  Abingdon  Male  Academy,  the  Stonewall 
Jackson  Institute,  and  bus  2  banks,  a  convent,  a  Catholio 
academy,  7  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures 
of  carriages,  tobacco  and  cigars,  brick,  woollens,  chairs, 
pipe,  Ac.     Pop,  in  1890,  1674. 

Ab'ington,  a  post-village  of  Windham  co,,  Conn.,  in 
Pomfret  township,  about  40  miles  E,  by  N.  from  Hartford. 
It  is  on  the  New  York  A  New  England  Railroad,  17  milea 
N.E.  of  Willimantic.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  higli  school,, 
Abington,  a  township  of  Mercer  co.,  111.  Pop.  931. 
Abington,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.,  in  Abing- 
ton township,  on  the  east  fork  of  Whitewater  River,  about 
8  miles  S.W.  of  Richmond.  Pop.  161 ;  of  the  townshipi 
833.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  graded  school. 

Abington,  a  post-township  of  Plymouth  co.,  Mass., 
about  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Boston.  It  is  intersected  by  the- 
Plymouth  Branch  of  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  and  haa 
manufactures  of  machinery  and  of  boots  and  shoes.  It  con- 
tains villages  named  North  Abington  and  Abington,  on  the 
railroad.  Pop.  about  6000.  Abington  has  a  national  bank, 
A  weekly  newspaper  is  published  in  this  township,  which  . 
has  5  churches. 

Abington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Colfax  co.,  Neb.,  about  7(l-n 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Lincoln,  and  6  miles  from  Rogers  StationK 
It  has  a  church. 

Abington,  or  Waverly,  a  post-borough  of  Lacknr 
wanna  co.,  Pa,,  on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  A  Western 


ABI 


j^m 


Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Scranton.  It  contains  4  churches, 
an  academy,  and  a  foundry.  Pop.  353.  The  name  of  the  post- 
office  is  Waverly,  and  that  of  the  railroad  station  Abington. 

Abington,  a  township  of  Lackawanna  co.,  Pa.  Pop. 
2362,  exclusive  of  Abington  borough. 

Abington,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co,  Pa.,  in 
Abington  township,  on  the  North  Pennsylvania  Railroad, 
at  the  junction  of  the  Northeast  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  10 
miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a  Presbyterian  church. 
Pop.  of  township,  2440.  Abington  township  contains  the 
village  of  Jenkintown,  and  also  an  Abington  Station  on  a 
branch  railroad  extending  from  Conshohocken  to  Oreland. 

Abipones,  3.-be-po'nfis,  an  Indian  tribe  of  the  Gran 
Chaco,  Argentine  Republic,  E.  of  the  Parani.  They  are 
Catholics,  and  use  the  Spanish  language. 

Abiqniu,  ab'e-ku',  a  post-town  of  Rio  Arriba  co.,  New 
Mexico,  about  60  miles  N.W.  of  Santa  F6,  and  35  miles 
S.E.  of  Tierra  Amarilla.  It  is  5891  feet  above  the  sea. 
Pop.  about  600. 

Abistada  (ib-is-ti'dl)  Lake, in  Afghanistan,  65  miles 
gi  by  W.  of  Ghuznce,  in  lat.  32°  35'  N.  and  Ion.  68°  E.  It 
is  about  18  miles  in  length,  and  8  in  breadth.  It  is  shallow 
and  salt.  It  receives  the  Ghuznce  River,  and  several  smaller 
streams. 

Abita  (1-bee'ti)  Springs,  a  post-village  and  summer 
resort  of  Saint  Tammany  parish.  La.,  on  the  East  Louisiana 
Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Covington.  ' 

Abitsche,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Abatsho. 

Abkasia,  3,b-kish'e-i,  a  region  of  the  Caucasus,  on  or 
near  the  Black  Sea,  bounded  S.  by  Abasia,  with  which  it  is 
generally  confounded  ;  but  it  is  governed  by  its  own  prince, 
subject  to  the  general  authority  of  Russia.  The  peoj)le  are 
mostly  Christians,  and  are  kindred  to  the  Circassians.    Area, 

3000  square  miles.   Pop.  79,000. Adj.  Abkasiax,  ib-ki'- 

she-an.    Inhab.  Abkasias.  or  Abkas  (Abkase),  ib-kis'. 

Abia,  4'bli,  a  town  of  Spain,  Granada,  province  of  Al- 
meria,  33  miles  N.AV.  of  Almeria.     Pop.  2546. 

Ableman,  Wisconsin.     See  Rock  Springs. 

Abmciim,  the  Latin  name  for  Anxi. 

Abo,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Aboh. 

Abo,  o'boo,  or  Abo,  i'bo,  a  city  and  seaport  of  Rus- 
lia,  until  1819  the  capital  of  Finland,  on  the  Aurajoki,  near 
its  entrance  into  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia.  Lat.  60°  26'  58" 
N.;  Ion.  22°  19'  E.  Pop.  22,018.  It  is  an  archbishop's 
see.  It  was  formerly  the  seat  of  a  university,  removed  to 
Helsingfors  in  1827.  The  river  is  navigable,  and  its  mouth, 
3  miles  distant,  foi-ms  a  good  port,  protected  by  a  fortress. 
Abo  has  manufactures,  and  some  trade  with  Sweden  and 
Southern  Europe. 

Abo  Archipelago,  an  extensive  group  of  low  rocky 
islands  in  the  Baltic  Sea,  spread  along  the  S.  and  AV.  coasts 
of  Finland,  opposite  the  city  of  Abo,  rendering  the  naviga- 
tion difficult  and  dangerous. 

Abo-Bjomeborg,  O'boo-be-on'neh-boRg,  a  govern- 
ment or  Ian  of  Finland,  Russia,  on  the  Gulfs  of  Bothnia 
and  Finland.  Area,  9295  square  miles.  Chief  town,  Abo. 
Pop.  in  1875,  318,610. 

Aboh,  i'bo,  Ibo,  or  Eboe,  ee'bo,  a  town  of  Africa, 
on  the  Niger  (Quorra),  80  miles  from  the  ocean,  and  60 
miles  S.E.  of  Benin.  It  is  at  the  head  of  the  delta  and  in 
the  centre  of  the  palm-oil  region.  Lat.  5°  40'  N. :  Ion.  6° 
25' E. 

Aboite,  a-boit',  a  river  in  Allen  co.,  Ind.,  joins  Little 
River. 

Aboite,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.,  in  Aboite 
township,  on  the  Toledo,  Wabash  &  Western  Railroad  and 
Wabash  &  Erie  Canal,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Fort  Wayne.  Pop. 
of  township,  906. 

Abomey,  ab'o-mi',  or  Agbomey,  a  town  of  Africa, 
capital  of  Dahomey,  63  miles  N.  of  Whydah.  It  consists 
of  a  collection  of  villages,  surrounded  by  a  moat  and  an 
abatis  of  thorns,  and  has  a  large  trade  in  ivory,  oil,  and 
gold.     Pon.  24,000. 

Abonuance,  i'bAx'dflNs',  or  Abbondanza,  4b-bon- 
dln'zi,  a  town  of  France,  in  Upper  Savoy,  12  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Thonon.     Here  the  vachertes  cheese  is  made.     Pop.  1438. 

Abony,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Nagy-Aboxy. 

Aboo,  or  Abu,  ah'boo,  a  town  of  India,  province  of 
Ajmeer,  60  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Odej^joor. 

Aboo,  or  Abu,  a  mountain  of  India,  in  Rajpootana, 
68  miles  W.  of  Odeypoor,  is  nearly  5000  feet  in  height. 
It  is  a  sanitary  resort,  and  is  famous  for  its  Jain  temple, 
the  Vimla  Sah,  which  is  called  the  finest  in  India. 

Aboo-Arish,  or  Abn-Arisch,  &'boo-4'rish,  a  town 
of  Arabia,  capital  of  a  state  of  the  same  name,  24  miles  from 
the  Red  Sea.     Lat.  17°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  40°  25'  E.     Pop.  8000. 

Aboo-Girgeh,  Abon-Girgeh,  or  Aba-Girgeh, 


i'boo-j55n'j?h,    a    large  Fellah  town  of  Middle  EgyptJ'- 
about  two  miles  W.  of  the  Nile,  and  50  miles  S.  of  Behi 
Sooef.     Lat.  28°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  30°  50'  E. 

Abookeer,  Aboukir,  or  Abukir,  i'boo-keen',  a 
village  of  Egypt,  with  a  citadel,  on  the  promontory  at  the 
W.  extremity  of  the  bay  of  the  same  name,  15  miles  N.E. 
of  Alexandria.  Near  it  are  the  ruins  of  the  ancient  Cano'- 
pns  or  Cano'but. 

Abookeer  (or  Aboukir)  Bay,  N.  coast  of  Egypt, 
between  the  promontory  of  Abookeer  on  the  W.  and  the 
Rosetta  mouth  of  the  Nile  on  the  E.,  celebrated  for  Nelson's 
victory  over  the  French  fleet,  1st  of  August,  1798.  In  it 
are  Culloden's  Reef,  and  the  small  island  of  Abookeer,  or 
Nelson  Island. 

Aboolonia,  Aboulonia,  &-boo-lo'ne-il,  or  Abn11i> 
onte,  i-boo-le-on'ti  (anc.  Apollo'nia  ad  Jihi/n'daciini),  a 
village  of  Asia  Minor,  on  a  small  island  in  the  Lake  of 
Aboolonia,  20  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Brusa.  It  has  about  300 
houses,  a  Greek  church,  and  several  remains  of  antiquity. 

Aboolonia  Lake,  of  Asia  Minor,  18  miles  in  length 
by  12  in  breadth,  30  miles  W.  of  Brusa.  It  is  studded  with 
small  islands,  is  traversed  by  the  Rhyndacus,  and  supplies 
Brusa  with  fish. 

Aboo-Sabel,  or  Abn-Sabel,  i'boo-sl'bel,  a  town  of 
Egypt,  18  miles  N.  of  Cairo. 

Aooo-Sambool,  or  Aboo-Slimbel,  a  town  of 
Nubia.    See  Ipsambool. 

Aboo-Shehr,  a  city  of  Persia.    See  Bcshire. 

Abootizh,  i-boo-teezh',  Abontij,  Abutige,  or 
Abutisch  (anc.  Ahotii,  or  Ahtitig),  a  town  of  Upper  Egypt, 
on  the  Nile,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Sioot,  noted  for  its  opium. 

Aborrhas,  an  ancient  name  of  the  river  KnABOon. 

Abon-Arisch,  a  town  of  Arabia.     See  Aboo-Arish. 

Abou-Girgeh,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Aboo-Girgeh. 

Aboukir,  a  bay  of  Egypt.     See  Abookeer. 

Aboulonia,  a  lake  and  village  of  Asia  Minor.  See 
Aboolon'ia. 

Abou-Sabel,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Aboo-Sabel. 

Abou-Samboul,  or  Abou-Simbel,  a  town  of 
Nubia.    See  Ipsambool. 

Abontu,  a  town  of  Egjrpt.     See  Abootizh. 

Abra,  i'bri,  a  mountainous  province  of  Luzon,  Philip- 
pine Islands,  near  its  centre.     Pop.  37,266. 

Abrams,  a  post- village  of  Oconto  co.,  Wis.,  21  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Green  Bay. 

Abram's  Creek,  a  small  stream  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y., 
falls  into  the  Hudson  River,  4  miles  above  Hudson  City. 

AbrancaB,  a  Latin  name  for  Avraxches. 

Abrantes,  i-brin'tSs  (L.  Ahran'tium),  a  fortified  town 
of  Portugal,  Estremadura,  with  a  citadel  on  the  Tagus,  and 
on  a  railway,  80  miles  N.E.  of  Lisbon.     Pop.  5590. 

Abrantes,  i-brdn't^s,  a  town  of  Brazil,  20  miles  N.E. 
of  Bahia,  near  the  Atlantic.     Pop.  2000. 

Ab'rego,  a  station  on  the  Monterey  &  Salinas  Valley 
Railroad,  near  Monterey,  Cal. 

Abresweiler,  ib'rfis-^rier  {Vr.  AhregchtoUler,  i'brSsh*- ' 
viriaiR'),  a  village  of  Alsace-Lorraine,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of^ 
Saarburg.  It  has  manufactures  of  glass  and  paper.  Pop.'^ 
1737. 

Abrifes,  l'bre-4',  a  Tillage  of  France,  department  of 
Hautes-Alpcs,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Brian^on.     Pop.  1202. 

Abrincatinus  Pagus,  supposed  ancient  name  of 

AVRAXCHIX. 

Abriola,  S.-bre-o'13,,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Basili* 
cata,  10  miles  S.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  3017. 

Abrolhos,  S.-brole'yoce  (Port,  for  "open  your  eyes," 
i.e.,  "  breakers  ahead"),  a  group  of  low  rocky  islands  off  the 
coast  of  Brazil.  Lat.  17°  58'  S. ;  Ion.  38°  42'  W.  Another 
group  called  Abrolhos  lies  off  the  W.  coast  of  Australia,  be- 
tween 28°  and  29°  S.  lat.,  and  is  separated  from  the  main 
land  by  Geelvink  Channel. 

Abronia,  S-bro'ne-a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allegan  co.,  ^ 
Mich.,  and  a  station  on  the  Kalamazoo  Division  of  th«j 
Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Allegan.  It^ 
is  also  called  West  Watson.  i 

Abrud-Banya,  ob'rood-b^n'yoh,  a  town  of  Transyl- 
vania, commune  of  Unter-Weissenburg,  27  mi'es  N.W.  of 
Karlsburg.     Pop.  4129.     It  is  celebrated  for  its  gold-mines. 

Abruzzo,  &-broot'so,  a  country  and  former  division  of 
Italy,  forming  the  provinces  of  Chieti,  Teramo,  and  Aquila, 
respectively  known  also  as  Abruzzo  Citra,  Abruzzo  Ulterioro 
I.,  and  Abruzzo  Ulteriore  II.,  between  lat-  41°  40'  and  42*; 
55'  N.,  on  the  Adriatic.  Area,  about  6000  square  miles.) 
These  provinces,  with  Campobasso,  now  form  the  comparti-t 
mento  of  Abruzzi  and  Molise.  Area,  6676  square  miles^'' 
Pop.  (1890)  1,360,378. 

Abscota,   ab-sko'ta,   a  post-hamlet  of  Calhoun    co., 


ABS 


428 


ACA 


Mioh.,  about  16  miles  S.W.  of  Marshall.  It  has  2  ohurohes, 
and  a  broom-laotorT. 

Abse'con  t  or  Abse'com,  a  post-town  of  Atlantic  oo., 
M.Jv  OOM  Absecon  Bay,  and  on  the  Cumden  &  Atlantic 
Railroad,  7  uiilcs  N.W.  of  Atlantic  City.    It  has  2  churches. 

Abaeoon  Bay  is  about  5  miles  in  circumference,  having 
Abseoon  Inlet,  immediately  north  of  Atlantic  City,  as  its 
principal  ontninco.  Near  the  moutli  of  the  Inlut,  ut  Atlantic 
City  (W.  SD"  21'  55"  N.,  Ion.  74°  24'  32"  W.)  is  a  brick 
light-house,  with  a  fixed  white  dioptric  light  of  the  first 
order,  1R6  feet  above  seiv-level. 

Ab-Sind,  the  Persian  name  of  the  Ixdus. 

AbU'Arisch,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  Aboo-Arisr. 

Abudos,  tho  Greek  name  of  Abydos. 

Abu-(iirguh,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Anoo-QiROEa. 

Abukir,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Abookekk.  * 

Abullioutc,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Abooloxia. 

Abury,  i\  parish  of  England.    See  Avebukv. 

Abu-Snbcl,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Aboo-Sabel. 

Abu-Sambul,  a  village  of  Nubia.    See  Ipsamuool. 

Abu>Shehr,  a  city  of  Persia.    See  Bushire. 

AbuoShchr,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Abesher. 

Abu-Sinibcl,  a  village  of  Nubia.     See  Ipsambool. 

Abusina,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Abensbero. 

Abutigc,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Abootizu. 

Aby'dos  (Gr.'A/3v£of,  Abudo»),  an  ancient  city  of  Asia 
Minor,  on  the  Hellespont,  on  tho  site  of  the  modern  fort 
Nagara.  Near  this  place  Xerxes  and  his  army  crossed  over 
to  Europe  on  a  bridge  of  boats.  The  story  of  Hero  and 
Lcander  has  also  given  an  enduring  celebrity  to  Abydos. 

Abydos,  in  Egypt.    See  Arabat-el-Madfoom. 

Abyssinia,  Abessinia,  ab-is-sin'c-a,  sometimes  writ- 
ten Habessiiiia  (Arabic,  Haheth,  hi'besh^ ;  ¥r.  Ahys- 
iinie,  fl.'bees*see*noe';  Germ.  Abeseinien,  i-bes-seo'ne-^n), 
a  country  of  Eastern  Africa,  bounded  on  the  N.E.  and  E. 
by  the  Danakil  country  (lowlands  which  border  on  the  Red 
Sea)  anxl  the  country  of  the  Somalies  (a  portion  of  which 
lies  between  it  and  the  Gulf  of  Aden),  on  the  S.  by  the  coun- 
try of  the  Gallas,  and  on  the  N.W.  by  Nubia.  Its  limits  ap- 
pear to  be  not  well  defined,  but  it  may  be  said  to  bo  mostly 
included  between  lat.  7°  30'  and  16°  N.,  and  between  Ion. 
35°  and  42°  E.,  and  is  about  650  miles  long  and  530  miles 
wide.  It  was  comprised  in  the  ancient  Ethiopia,  and  is  now 
called  Iliopia  by  the  Abyssinians  themselves.  This  region, 
rising  somewhat  gradually  from  the  west,  but  descending 
most  abruptly  on  the  east  to  waterless  plains  which  lie  be- 
tween it  and  the  Rod  Sea,  is  a  high  table-land,  on  which 
groups  of  mountains  rise  to  great  elevations,  some  of  them 
attaining  an  altitude  of  over  15,000  feet  above  the  sea-level. 
The  highest  known  peaks  are  those  of  tho  Samen  or  Semyen 
range,  near  the  course  of  the  Tacazze,  Ras  Dashan  being 
15,160  feet  and  Abba-Yared  14,918  feet  high.  Tho  table- 
lands or  plateaus  are  generally  from  6000  to  9000  feet  high, 
the  city  of  Adowa,  one  of  the  capitals  of  Tigrc,  being  6270 
feet  above  the  sea.  Tho  mountains  present  rugged  and  fan- 
tiistic  forms,  with  sides  frequently  abrupt  and  precipitous. 
The  surface  is  also  diversified  by  fertile  valleys  and  remark- 
able ravines,  which  are  at  some  places  nearly  4000  feet  deep. 
Among  its  physical  features  is  Lake  Dembea  or  Tzana,  which 
is  near  Gondar,  and  is  about  50  miles  long.  The  principal 
rivers — namely,  the  Bahr-el-Azrek  or  Blue  Nile,  and  the 
Tacazze  or  Atbara,  with  their  afiiuents — are  tributaries  of 
the  Nile.  Abyssinia  has  no  navigable  streams.  Several  of 
its  rivers  are  lost  in  the  sands,  and  never  reach  the  sea. 
Tho  Hawash  traverses  tho  S.E.  part,  and  enters  Lake  Aussa. 
Tho  floods  that  rush  down  the  Blue  Nile  and  the  Atbara  in 
tho  rainy  season  contribute  largely  to  the  annual  inundation 
of  the  Lower  Nile  in  Egypt. 

The  climate  of  Abyssinia  is  generally  salubrious  and  agree- 
able. The  rainy  season  begins  about  the  middle  of  June,  and 
ends  near  the  30th  of  September.  The  great  elevation  of  the 
surface  and  the  copious  summer  rains  render  the  tempera- 
ture of  Abyssinia  lower  than  that  of  Nubia  and  Egypt. 
Volcanic  and  metamorphio  rocks,  granite,  gneiss,  trachyte, 
sandstone,  Jurassic  limestone,  iron  ore,  and  salt  are  found 
here.  Among  the  wild  animals  are  the  elephant,  rhinoceros, 
lion,  hippopotamus,  hyena,  bufi"alo,  crocodile,  antelope,  leop- 
ard, and  monkey.  The  domestic  animals  of  this  country  are 
horses,  cattle,  sheep,  goats,  and  mules.  Eagles,  vultures, 
oawks,  parrots,  and  other  birds  are  numerous.  The  culti- 
vated grains  are  maize,  barley,  wheat,  millet,  peas,  and  teflF 
(Poa  Abyisiniea),  a  herbaceous  plant  with  grains  not  larger 
than  the  head  of  a  pin.  CoflFee  grows  wild,  and  sugar-cane 
and  cotton  are  cultivated  in  favorable  localities.  The  in- 
digenous and  cultivated  fruits  are  the  date,  orange,  peach, 
pomegranate,  grape,  banana,  and  lemon.  Salt  is  used  as 
currency  or  medium  of  exchange. 


Abyssinia  consists  of  three  great  divisions,  Anihara  in 
the  central  part,  Shoa  in  the  south,  and  Tigr6  in  the  north, 
each  being  divided  into  a  great  number  of  provinces  and 
minor  principalities.  Of  these  divisions  Tigrfe  and  Amhara 
constitute  one  kingdom,  and  Shoa  another,  the  prince  of 
Tigr6  having  annexed  Amhara  to  his  dominions  at  the  close 
of  tho  war  with  Great  Britain  in  186S.  The  chief  towni 
are  Gondar,  in  Amhara,  the  nominal  capital  of  all  Ethi- 
opia, Ankober,  tho  cajjital  of  Shoa,  and  Adowa,  tho  capital 
of  Tigr6.  Tho  people  are  mostly  engaged  in  agriculture  and 
pastoral  pursuits,  and  have  made  little  progress  in  niiinu- 
facturcs  or  civilization.  This  country  is  inhabited  by  dif- 
ferent tribes,  who  evidently  belong  to  distinct  races,  but  the 
Abyssinians  proper  may  be  considered  as  tho  lineal  descend- 
ants  of  tho  great  Ethiopian  race  by  which  the  country  was 
originally  settled.  They  are  principally  the  inhabitants  of 
Tigr6,  in  the  province  of  liamaeen  and  the  districts  of  En- 
derta  and  Geralta;  the  people  of  Lasta,  a  province  on  the 
eastern  border  of  the  table-land;  and  the  inhabitants  of 
Amhara,  Shoa,  and  Gur^ge  in  the  south.  Many  of  thont  are 
well  formed,  with  regular  features,  dark  hair,  and  brown  or 
swarthy  complexion.  They  are  ignorant  and  superstitious, 
barbarous  and  warlike.  The  prevailing  religion  of  this 
country  is  a  corrupt  form  of  Christianity,  which  is  pro- 
fessed by  the  reigning  princes  as  well  as  by  a  majority  of 
the  people.  The  Christian  religion  was  introduced  here 
about  330  a.d.,  in  the  reign  of  Constantino.  Tho  Abys- 
sinians are  monophysites,  and  recognize  the  Coptic  patriarch 
of  Alexandria  as  the  head  of  their  church.  Their  imme- 
diate ecclesiastical  ruler  bears  the  title  of  "Abuna"  (our 
father),  and  is  consecrated  at  Alexandria.  He  resides  in 
Gondar.  The  Abyssinians  practise  circumcision  and  polyg- 
amy, and  regard  the  Virgin  as  tho  queen  of  heaven  and  the 
great  intercessor  for  the  sins  of  mankind.  This  church  is 
divided  into  several  sects  or  parties,  so  inimical  to  each  other 
that  they  will  not  commune  together.  Their  literature  is 
composed  almost  exclusively  of  legends  of  saints  and  contro- 
versial works  of  theology.  Besides  the  Abyssinians  proper 
are  tho  tribes  of  Agow,  residing  chiefly  in  Losta  and  Agow- 
mcder,  on  the  border  of  the  table-land;  the  Falashas,  in 
the  northern  uplands;  the  black  Gallas,  a  fierce  and  warlike 
tribe  who  have  invaded  the  arid  table-lands  of  the  soutli :  to 
whom  may  be  added  the  Danakil  and  Adal  tribes,  inhabiting 
the  dry  lowlands  claimed  by  Egypt  along  the  shores  of  tho 
Red  Sea  and  the  Indian  Ocean. 

In  the  year  1855  a  chief  of  superior  talents  obtained  the 
throne  of  Abyssinia,  and  took  the  title  of  Theodore  III., 
emperor  of  Itiopia,  He  gained  several  victories  over  the 
Gallas  and  other  enemies,  conquered  Shoa,  and  took  Anko- 
ber, the  capital,  maintaining  an  army  of  100,000  to  150,000 
men.  In  1864,  for  some  fancied  insult  on  the  part  of  the 
British  government,  he  imprisoned  the  British  consul  and 
other  British  subjects.  A  British  army,  commanded  by  Sir 
Robert  Napier,  invaded  Abyssinia  in  1868.  Theodore  shut 
himself  up  in  Magdala,  which  the  British  took  by  storm  in 
April,  1868,  and  there  found  the  dead  body  of  the  emperor,! 
who  is  supposed  to  have  killed  himself.  He  was  succeeded 
by  Prince  Kassai,  of  Tigr6,  who  was  crowned  as  King  Jo-' 
hannes,  and  after  his  death,  in  1889,  Menelek  II.,  King; 
of  Shoa,  became  ruler.  In  the  same  year  Abyssinia  became 
practically  an  Italian  protectorate.  Estimated  area,  196,000 
square  miles;  pop. 4,500,000. Adj.  and  inhab.  Abyssin- 
ian, or,  in  their  own  language,  Itiopyavan,  or  Itiopiavian. 

Acaboiiac  (E-kab'g-nak)  Harbor,  a  body  of  shual 
water,  on  the  N.E.  shore  of  the  town  of  Easthampton,  SuQblk  ; 
CO.,  N.Y.,  near  the  eastern  extremity  of  Long  Island, 

Acadc'mia,  a  post- village  of  Juniata  co..  Pa.,  in  Beale 
township,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Mifflintown,  It  has  an  academy, 
2  churches,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop,  about  250, 

Acad'emy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.,  8  miles  | 
S,  of  Canandiiigua.     It  has  a  church. 

Academy,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  6 
miles  from  Philadelphia,  and  1  mile  W,  of  Cynwyd  Station 
of  the  Schuylkill  Valley  Railroad,     Pop,  150, 

Academy,  West  Virginia,     See  Hillsborough. 

Academy  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  co.,  Pa., 
6  miles  from  Elkland  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  woollen- 
mill  and  a  saw-piill. 

Aca'dia,  or  Acadie,  the  original  name  of  NovA 
Scotia. 

Aca'dia  Mines,  a  post-village  in  Colchester  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  Cobequid  Mountains,  3  miles  from  London- 
derry. Here  are  iron-  and  steel-works.  The  annual  pro- 
duction is  about  3000  tons  of  ore,  which  is  manufactured 
into  pig  and  bar  iron,  car-wheels,  and  cast  and  spring  steel. 
Pop,  1500. 

AcfUQtIa,  &-k&-Boot'l&,  a  aeaport  town  of  San  Salvador, 


ACA 


429 


ACK 


Central  America,  on  the  Pacific,  about  950  miles  by  steamer 
from  Panama,  and  50  miles  W.  by  S.  of  San  Salvador.  It 
was  once  a  large  town,  and  its  trade  is  yet  important. 

Ac'amas  Promonto'rium,  ancient  name  of  Cape 
Saint  Epiphany. 

Acampo,  a-kam'po,  a  post-hamlet  of  San  Joaquin  co., 
Cal.,  on  the  Central  Pacific  Kailroad,  15  miles  N.  of  Stockton. 

Acampsis,  a  river  of  Armenia.     See  Chouuk. 

Acaponeta,  i-k3,-po-n4'ti,  a  considerable  town  of 
Mexico,  175  miles  N.W.  of  Guadalajara.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Acapuico,  i-ki-pool'ko,  a  seaport  of  Mexico,  on  the 
Pacific,  in  the  state  of  Guerrero.  Lat.  1 6°  50'  N. ;  Ion. 
<jy°  48'  W.  It  has  a  noble  landlocked  harbor,  and  is  about 
200  miles  S.S.W.  of  the  city  of  Mexico,  1637  miles  from 
Sun  Francisco,  and  1836  miles  from  Panama.  It  is  a 
etation  of  the  Pacific  Mail  Steamship  Company's  steamers, 
and  ships  hides,  cedar  timber,  and  fruit  to  San  Francisco. 
Pop.  5000. 

Acari,  l-ki-ree',  a  town  of  Peru,  lat.  15°  15'  S.,  Ion. 
74°  45'  W.,  20  miles  from  the  Pacific.     Pop.  6000. 

Ac^arna'nia,  a  district  of  Greece,  chiefly  between  lat. 
38°  20'  and  39'  N.,  and  Ion.  20°  45'  and  21°  30'  E.,  having 
N.  the  Gulf  of  Arta,  and  W.  the  Ionian  Sea.  With  ^itolia 
it  forms  a  modern  department  with  a  population  of  121,693. 
Adj.  and  inhab.  Acaknanian,  ak-ar-ni'ne-an. 

Acas'to,  a  post-village  of  Clarke  co.,  Mo.,  on  Fox  River, 
about  10  miles  S.  of  Keosauqua,  Iowa.  It  has  2  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  furniture  and  ploughs. 

Acatlan,  S,-kil-tlin',  a  village  of  Mexico,  80  miles  S.  of 
La  Pucbla,  on  the  Yopez. 

Acayucaiiji-kroo-kln',  Acayncain,or  San  Mar- 
tin de  Acayucam,  sin  mar-teen'  di  S,-kroo-klm',  a 
[-town  of  Mexico,  115  miles  S.E.  of  Vera  Cruz.     Pop.  1902. 

Acbarabad,  a  city  of  Hindostan.    See  Agra. 

Accadia,  dk-ki-dce'S,,  a  town  of  Italy,  5  miles  S.  of 

ovino.     Pop.  4346. 

Accettura,  itch-8t-too'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  19  miles  S.E. 

'  Potenza.     Pop.  4232. 

Accho,  a  town  of  Syria.    See  Acre. 

Acciano,  it-chi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  19 
Biles  S.E.  of  Aquila.     Pop.  1892. 

Ac'cident,  a  post-village  of  Garrett  co.,  Md.,  about  30 

lies  AV.  of  Cumberland.    It  has  2  churches  and  several 

Ores.     Pop.  about  300. 
pAcco,  a  city  of  Syria.     See  Acre. 
'  Ac'cokeek',  a  post-office  of  Prince  George's  co.,  Md. 

Ac*comack',  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Virginia,  has 
ran  area  of  about  480  square  miles.  It  is  part  of  a  peninsula, 
und  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the 
W.  by  Chesapeake  Bay.  The  surface  is  level ;  the  soil  is 
sandy.  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  sweet  potatoes  are  the  staple 
products.  Capital,  Accomack  Court-llouse.  This  county 
is  traversed  by  the  New  York,  Philadelphia  &  Norfolk 
Division  (Cape  Charles  Route)  of  the  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road system.     Pop.  in  1880,  24,408;  in  1890,  27,277. 

Accomack  Court-House,  or  Drummondtown, 
a  post-village,  capital  of  Accomack  eo.,  Va.,  is  about  95 
miles  in  a  direct  line  E.  by  N.  from  Richmond,  3  miles 
from  the  ocean,  and  2  miles  from  Tasley  Station.  It  has 
4  churches  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  2500. 

Accord',  or  Port  Jackson,  a  post-village  of  Ulster 
CO.,  N.Y.,  16  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Kingston.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  paper-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  millstones.     Pop.  300. 

Ac^cotink',  a  post-village  of  Fairfax  co.,  Va.,  2  miles 
from  Long  Branch  Station,  which  is  16  miles  S.W.  of  Wash- 
ington.    It  has  3  churches. 

Accous,  ik^koo',  a  town  of  France,  Basses-Pyr6n4e8, 15 
miles  S.  of  Oloron.     It  has  a  medicinal  spring.     Pop.  1429. 

Accra,  Accrah,  or  Acra,  ik'kra,  or  a'krl,  a  town 
and  settlement  of  Africa,  in  the  British  colony  of  Gold  Coast, 
about  lat.  5°  35'  N.,  Ion.  0°  12'  W.     Pop.  about  10,000. 

Ac'crington,  a  town  of  England,  in  Lancashire,  on 
the  Lancashire  <fc  Y'^orkshire  Railway,  19  miles  N,  of 
Manchester;  has  large  cotton-factories,  print-works,  coal- 
mines, &a.  It  is  divided  into  two  parts,  Old  Accrington  and 
New  Accrington.     Pop.  in  1881,  31,435;  in  1891,  38,603. 

Accumoli,  ak-koo'mo-lee,  a  town  of  Italy,  27  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Aquila.     Pop.  2238. 

Ace,  a  city  of  Syria.    See  Acre. 

Acebo,  i-th4'bo,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  48 
miles  N.  of  Caceres.     Pop.  1770. 

Ace'quia,  a  post-office  of  Douglas  co..  Col.,  and  a  station 
on  the  Denver  <fc  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  17  miles  S.  of  Denver. 

Acercnza,  S.-ehi-r5n'z8,  (anc.  Acheron'tia),  a  city  of 
Italy,  on  the  Bradano,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  3838. 

Acerno,  i-ch5B'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  14  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Salerno,  on  the  site  of  the  ancient  Picen'tia.    Pop.  2945. 


Acerra,  l-chjR'Ri  (anc.  Acer'rm),  a  town  of  Italy,  a 
bishop's  see,  on  the  Agno,  and  on  a  railway,  7  miles  N.E. 
of  Naples.     Pop.  13,633. 

Acerris,  a  town  of  ancient  Spain.    See  Gerri. 

Acesincs,  a  river  of  India.    See  Chenaub. 

Achaguas,  &-ch&.'gwiLs,  a  town  of  Venezuehi,  50  miles 
S.W.  of  San  Fernando.     Pop.  2000. 

Achaia,  a-ki'ya,  or  i-ki'yi  (Gr.  Ax<"a),  a  district  of 
Greece,  in  the  Morea,  extending  about  65  miles  from  E.  to 
W.,  with  a  width  of  from  12  to  20  miles  along  the  S.  side  of 
tne  Corinthian  gulf.  The  interior  is  mountainous,  the  coast 
low.  It  forms  with  Elis  a  nome.  Pop.  (1889)  210.713. 
Chief  town,  Patras. Adj.  and  inhab.  Achaiak,  ^-ki'an. 

Achalzich,  or  Achalzig.    See  Akhalzikh. 

Achates,  a  river  of  Sicily.    See  Dirillo. 

Acheen,  Atcheen,  Achen,  or  Atchin,  at-cheen' 
(properly  Atjih),  a  town  of  Sumatra,  near  its  N.W.  ex- 
tremity, capital  of  a  Dutch  province  of  the  same  name,  on 
the  river  Acheen,  near  the  sea.  Lat.  5°  34'  N.;  Ion.  95° 
34'  E.  It  is  built  on  wooden  piles,  and  is  said  to  comprise 
8000  houses.  The  province  of  Acheen  extends  from  the 
river  Sinkel,  Ion.  98°  E.,  to  the  W.  end  of  the  island,  with 
a  coast-line  as  extensive  as  that  of  France.  Acheen  was 
for  several  years  at  war  with  the  Netherlands  (which  power 
claims  sovereignty  over  all  Sumatra),  but  was  subjugated 

in  1875.     Area,  22,000  square  miles.     Pop.  450,000. 

Adj.  and  inhab.  Achinese,  atchMn-eez'. 

Acheen  or  Achen  Head  is  the  name  of  the  N.W. 
point  of  Sumatra. 

Achclous.    See  Aspro-Potamo. 

Achen,  i'K^n,  a  river  of  Bavaria,  falls  into  Chiem  Sec. 

Achen,  a  country  of  Sumatra.    See  Acheen. 

Achern,  i'K^rn,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  a  river  of  its  own 
name,  and  on  the  railroad  from  Carlsruhe  to  Freiburg,  30 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Carlsruhe.    Pop.  2767. 

Acheron.    See  Mavro-Potamo. 

Acheron,  a  lake  of  Italy.    See  Fusaro. 

Acherontia,  an  ancient  name  of  Acerenza. 

Achigan.    See  Saint  Roch  de  l'Achigan. 

Achill,  ak'il,  or  Eagle  Island,  an  island  off  the  W. 
coast  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Mayo.  Circumference  about  30  milca. 
Its  W.  point  forms  Achill  Head,  2222  feet  in  elevation. 

AchiU  Beg  is  an  island  immediately  S.  of  the  fore- 
going. 

Achim,  iK'lm,  a  village  of  Prussia,  province  of  Ilanovcr, 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Verden.     Pop.  2836. 

Achiras,  4-chce'ris,  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Republic, 
province  of  Cordova,  300  miles  N.AV.  of  Buenos  Ayres.  Near 
it  are  silver-  and  copper-mines. 

Achmim,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  AKBurir. 

Achmouneyn,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Osumoonetn. 

Acho,  a  city  of  Syria.    See  Acre. 

Achonry,  ik'on-re,  a  village  and  parish  of  Ireland,  in 
county  Sligo,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Sligo.  It  is  the  seat  of  a 
Catholic  bishop;  but  the  see-house  is  at  Ballaghadcrcen. 
Pop.  of  village,  638. 

Achor,  a'kor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.,  in 
Middleton  township,  about  12  miles  E.  of  New  Lisbon.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Achris  (ak'ris)  Head,  a  headland  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Ireland.     Lat.  53°  33'  N. ;  Ion.  10°  10'  W. 

Achsa,  a  river  and  village  of  Russia.    See  Aksai. 

Achtkarspelen,  iKt-kaR'spi-l?n  ("eight  chapels"),  a 
commune  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Friesland.     Pop.  9240. 

Achtur  Kull,  &K'tur  kiill,  an  old  name  of  Staten  Island 
Sound. 

Achtyrka,  or  Akhtirka,  &K-teeR'ki,  a  town  of  Euro- 
pean Russia,  60  miles  N.W.  of  Kharkov,  on  a  small  river 
of  the  same  name.     Pop.  (1883)  23,892. 

Aci,  i'chee,  or  Aci  Reale,  i'chee  ri-S,'14,  a  town  and 
seaport  of  Sicily,  well  built  on  a  height  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Aci,  7  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Catania.  Pop.  35,787.  It  is 
built  mostly  of  lava,  and  has  many  fine  edifices.  It  is  cele- 
brated for  its  mineral  waters,  and  for  the  cave  of  Polyphemus 
and  grotto  of  Galatea  in  its  vicinity.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Acir,  a  region  of  Arabia.    See  Aseeb. 

Aci  Sant'  Antonio,  i'cheesint-in-to'ne-o,  a  city  of 
Sicily,  in  Catania,  7  miles  W.  of  Aci  Reale.     Pop.  5934. 

Acken,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Aken. 

Ack'er,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co.,  Pa.,  5  miles  N.E. 
of  Newport. 

Ack'erman,  a  post- village  of  Choctaw  co..  Miss.,  55 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Aberdeen.  It  has  5  churches  and  2 
newspaper  offices.     Pop.  about  500. 

Ack'ermanVille,  a  post- village  of  Northampton  co., 
Pa.,  13  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Nazareth.  It  has  a  church,  a 
flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  slate  manufactory.    Pop.  350. 


A€K 


m 


ACT 


I  poit-vlU»ge  of  WMhlngton  00.,  WU.,  in 


\rT;'rr-.-iItr 

Milwaukeo  A  St.  P»ul  lUilroad,  30 
1.  waukeo.     It  baa  1  oburcb. 

.\ck'lu>»  u  |jo*t-town  of  Ilardin  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the  Cen- 
tral lliiilruad  of  Iowa  wbcro  it  orortvs  the  Dubuque  <t  Siuux 
City  lUilruad,  133  miloa  W.  of  Dubuquo,  and  44  uiile«  S. 
of  Muaon  CUy.  A  weekly  newspaper  u  itwuud  here.  It  baa 
a  cuuvont»a  graded  achool,  2  banka,  6  cburchcn,  a  foundry, 
p  uiachine-abop,  nod  a  flour-mill.     rop.  in  ISUO,  12S6. 

Ackley»  »  namlat  of  Warren  co.,  Fa.,  on  tbe  Dunkirk, 
Alleghany  Valley  A  Pittaburg  lUilroad,  44  ^ilcs  S.  of 
Dunkirk,  N.Y.,  and  2  miloa  N.  of  Ru.xtieUburg,  Pa.  Lum- 
ber, wood,  bjvrk,  Ac.,  are  extensively  shipped  bcro. 

AckMin  Islandt  in  the  Uabamoa,  is  the  largest  of  the 
Crooked  Islimd  group.  It  is  45  uiilos  long,  and  from  1  to 
5  miles  broud,  and  is  akirted  by  dnngeroua  roefs.     Pop.  370. 

Ack'worth,  a  post-hamlct  of  Warren  oo.^  Iowa,  5  milea 
E.  of  ludionohv.  It  boa  a  Fricnda'  church,  and  the  Ack- 
worth  Academy,  which  ia  under  the  direction  of  the  Fricnda. 

Acmc«  ak'me,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grand  Traverse  co., 
Mich.,  on  tbe  coat  axm  of  Grand  Traverse  Bay,  7  miloa  N. 
K.  of  Travorao  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  foundry,  and  2 
Uimber-milla.    Pop.  about  75. 

Ac-]ttctchct,  a  town  of  Ruasia.    See  SiUFEnoPOL. 

Acobamba,  &-ko-b&m'bl,  a  small  town  of  South  Peru, 
i2  miles  S.W.  of  Ayocucho. 

Aco'ina,  a  township  of  McLood  oo.,  Minn.     Pop.  454. 

Acoma,  &-ko'mJl,  or  Acuma,  &-koo'm&,  a  pueblo,  or 
Indian  village,  of  Valencia  co.,  New  Mexico,  55  miles  W. 
by  S.  of  Albuquerque,  on  a  sandstone  rock,  or  mesa,  250 
feet  high,  which  ia  ascended  by  a  winding  stairway.  It 
has  a  large  Catholic  chapel.     Pop.  about  500. 

Aconcagua,  &-kou-ki'gw&,  a  lofty  mountain  of  Chili, 
South  America,  a  peak  of  the  Andes,  having,  according  to 
Prof.  Guyot,  an  altitude  of  22,422  feet,  in  l^t.  32°  38'  30" 
S.,  Ion.  70°  W.  It  was  formerly  reported  to  bo  a  volcano, 
but  recent  travellers  affirm  that  it  presents  no  indications 
of  volcanic  origin.  It  is  mostly  composed  of  primary  or 
unstratified  rouks.     The  summit  is  said  to  bo  porphyritic. 

Aconcagua,  a  river  rising  on  the  S.  side  of  the  above, 
flows  S.W.,  and  enters  the  Pacific  12  miles  N.  of  Valparaiso. 

Aconcagua,  a  province  of  Chili,  extends  from  the 
ocean  to  the  E.  frontier,  and  is  bounded  N.  by  Coquimbo 
and  S.  by  Valparaiso  and  Santiago.  Area,  5S4U  square 
miles.     Pop.  in  1891,  156,630. 

Aconcagua,  Chili.    See  San  Feupe  de  Aconcagua. 

Aconquija,&-kon-kee'B&,  a  mountain  of  the  Argentine 
Republic,  13  miles  W.  of  Tucuman.  Ueight,  17,000  feet. 
The  name  is  also  given  to  the  whole  range  between  the 
provinces  of  Tucuman  and  Catumarca.     It  is  rich  in  metals. 

Azores,  islands  of  tbe  Atlantic  Ocean.     See  Azores. 

A'corn,  a  station  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Stony 
Creek  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Norristown. 

Acorn  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Frederick  co.,  Va.,  14 
miles  from  Winchestor.     It  has  2  churches. 

Acoyapa,  &-ko-yil'pil,  a  town  of  Nicaragua,  department 
of  Ghontalcs.     Pop.  6000. 

Acqs,  a  town  of  France.     See  Dax. 

Ac^quack'anonck\  a  township  of  Passaic  co.,  N.J. 
Pop.  4368.    It  contains  the  town  of  Passaic. 

Acquaformosa,  &k'kwi-foK-mo'si,  a  vilkge  of  Italy, 
in  Cosenza,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Castrovillari.     Pop.  1756. 

Acqualagna,  dk'kwi^-ldn'y&,  a  village  of  Italy,  on  a 
hill,  8  miles  S.  of  Urbino.     Pop.  2761. 

Acqua-Ncgra,  &k'kw&-ni'grfi,  a  village  of  Italy,  on 
a  railway,  16  miles  W.  of  Mantua.     Pop.  4U64. 

Acquapendente,  &k'kwJL-p£n-din't4  (anc.  Aucula,  or 
Aculaf),  a  town  of  Italy,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Orvieto.  Pop. 
4810.     It  is  a  bishop's  sec. 

Acquappesa,  &k'kwip-pd's&,  a  maritime  villago  of 
Italy,  in  Cosenza,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Paola.     Pop.  2114. 

Acquarica  del  Capo,  &k'kwl-ree'k&  ddl  k&'po,  a 
villago  of  Italy,  21  miles  S.E.  of  Gallipoli.     Pop.  1512. 

Acqnaro,  ik-kwi'ro,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Catanzaro,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Monteleone.     Pop.  2251. 

Acqua  Santa,  a  town  of  Sardinia.     See  Abbasanta. 

Acqaa-Sparta,  ik-kw4-spaR'ti,  a  town  of  lUly,  on 
a  height,  10  mUes  S.W.  of  Siwleto.     Pop.  3595. 

Acquaviva  Collecroce,  ik'kwi-vee'vi  kol-14-kro'- 
chi,  a  town  of  Italy,  22  miles  N.N.E.  of  Campobasso. 
Pop.  1789. 

Acqnaviva  deile  Fonti,  &k'kw&-Tee'v&  ddl'li  fAn'tee, 
a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Bari,  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ban. 
Pop.  7619. 

Acqnaviva  Platani,  &k'kw&-ree'v&  pll-ti 'nee,  a  vil- 
lage of  Sicily,  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Caltanisetta.    Pop.  1805. 

Acqoi,  Ik'kwee  (anc.  A'quee,  or  A'qum  StatieVlx),  a 


town  of  Italy,  province  of  Aloaaandria,  on  the  Icil  bank  of 
the  Bormido,  13  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Alessandria,  is  « 
bisbou'a  aee.  Pop.  10,083.  It  is  of  great  antiquity,  and 
baa  tne  remaina  of  a  Roman  aqueduct.  It  is  umch  fre- 
quented for  its  sulphur  baths  in  cnses  of  cutaneous  erup- 
tions, rheumatism,  and  gout.  It'i  springs  were  famous  in 
remote  antiquity,  a  foot  duly  recorded  by  its  unciont  si 
well  aa  by  ita  modern  nnnio.  IMiny  gives  it  u  special  uun- 
tion  (xxi.  2)  along  with  J'uteoli  and  (Aqute  Sextiiu)  Aix. 

Acquigny,  &k-kwuen^yee',  a  small  town  near  Louviers, 
France,  on  the  river  Euro,  an  affluent  of  the  Seine.  It  baa 
remains  of  an  ancient  fortress  named  Fort  aux  Anglaia 
and  of  the  looally-famous  coatle  of  Cambremont. 

Acra,  (iw'krii,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Albany,  in  Cairo  township,  is  at  the  base 
of  tho  Catskill  Mountains,  and  10  miles  from  Catskill.  It 
has  2  churches,  and  several  boarding-housos. 

Acra,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Acciia. 

Acre,  &'kQr  or  A'k^r,  Akka,  ik'kd,  or  Saint  Jcnn 
d'Acrc,  siK»  zh6.N°  dik'r  (anc.  Ace,  or  Ac'cot  or  I'luU- 
viu'it),  a,  city  and  scajmrt  of  Syria,  on  a  i)romontory  at  the 
foot  of  Mount  Carmel.  Lat.  32°  55'  N. ;  Ion.  35°  6'  E, 
Pop.  about  10,000.  Aero  is  famous  for  the  sieges  which  it 
bos  sustained.  It  was  taken  by  the  first  Crusaders  in  1104, 
retaken  by  the  Saracens  in  1187,  and  recovered  by  Richard 
Coeur  de  Lion  in  1191  and  given  to  the  Knights  of  St. 
John  (in  French,  iS"*.  Jean)  of  Jerusalem,  whence  it  received 
tho  name  of  St.  Jean  d'Acre.  In  1291  it  again  fell  into  th« 
bands  of  tho  Saracens.  Bonaparte  attcm]>ted  to  storm  this 
place  in  1799,  but  retreated  after  a  siege  of  61  days.  It  was 
taken  by  Ibraheem  Pasha  in  1832,  and  again  by  the  com- 
bined English  and  Austrian  squadrons  in  1840.  Tbe  Bay 
of  Acre  is  much  frequented  by  French,  Italian,  and  Aug. 
trian  vessels.  Acre  has  been  celebrated  from  remote  an- 
tiquity.   Strabo  calls  it  Ace  ('Aki)). 

Acri,  &'krcc,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  15  milei 
N.E.  of  Cosenza.    Pop.  10,717. 

Acritas,  a  headland  of  Greece.     See  Cape  Gallo. 

Ac^rocerau'nian  (or  Cerau'nian)  mountains 
(Albanian,  Chika,  or  Tchika)  are  in  Albania,  on  the  Adri- 
atic coast.  Lat.  40°  15'  N.  Highest  peaks,  Tchika,  6300 
feet,  and  Tchikara,  5470  feet.    See  Cape  Linguetta. 

Ac'ro-Corin'thus,  or  Ac'ro-Cor'inth,  a  precip- 
itous and  somewhat  conical  rock  near  the  city  of  Corintn, 
in  Greece,  on  which  stood  the  ancient  acropolis,  or  citadel 
of  the  place,  and  a  temple  of  Venus.  It  is  about  2000  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea,  and  is  the  site  of  a  modem  forti- 
fication, which  is  considered  one  of  the  strongest  in  Greece. 

Acron,  a  village  of  Alabama.    See  Akkon. 

Acrotirlon,  &-kro-tce're-on,  a  small  town  of  the  Gre- 
cian Archipelago,  on  the  S.W.  side  of  the  island  of  Santo- 
rini;  lat.  36°  20'  N.;  Ion.  25°  23'  E. 

Acs,  a,tch,  a  town  of  Hungary,  on  a  railway,  6  miles 
S.W.  of  Comorn.     Pop.  3940,  employed  in  rearing  sheep. 

Acsa,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Ak-IIi.ssar. 

Acsad,  ot'ch>ld',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Szabolca,  16 
miles  E.N. E.  of  Debrcczin.     It  has  distilleries.   Pop.  2645. 

Actoi'on  Islands,  a  group  of  three  low,  wooded  islands 
in  the  Pacific,  about  lat.  21°  23'  S.,  Ion.  136°  32'  W. 

Actium,  ak'she-um,  or  ak'tc-um,  a  promontory  and  town 
of  ancient  Greece,  situated  near  the  entrance  of  the  Gulf  of 
Arta,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Acamania.  Celebrated  for  tbe  vic- 
tory won  by  Octavius  Cajsar  over  Mark  Antony,  B.C.  31. 

Ac'ton,  a  village  and  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Middle- 
sex, about  8  miles  W.  of  London.     Pop.  of  parish,  8306. 

Ac'ton,  a  station  in  Los  Angeles  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  South- 
ern Pacific  Railroad,  55  miles  N.  of  Los  Angeles. 

Acton,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  in  Franklin 
township,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  <fe  Lafayette  Kail- 
road,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  4  churches  and 
a  graded  school.     Pop.  about  300. 

Acton,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co..  Me.,  in  Acton  town- 
ship, about  40  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Portland.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  of  tho  township,  1008. 

Acton,  a  post  village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  in  Acton 
township,  near  Acton  Station  on  the  Boston,  Acton  &  Nashua 
and  the  Boston,  Clinton  &  Fitchburg  Railroads,  13  miles  S. 
by  W.  from  Lowell.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of  Acton  town- 
ship in  1890,  1897.  It  contains  other  villager,  named  South 
Acton  and  West  Acton ;  has  a  newspaper  office,  and  manu- 
factures of  clothing,  flour,  sash,  <tc.  It  is  drained  by  th« 
Assabct  River. 

Acton,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Meeker  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Acton  township,  about  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Litchfield.  Pop. 
of  township,  630. 

Acton,  a  station  in  Salem  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Salem  BaiV 
road,  3  miles  E.  of  Salem. 


ACT 


431 


4LDX 


Acton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Eichland  oo.,  S.C.,  23  miles  by 
Tail  E.  by  S.  of  Columbia. 

Acton,  a  post- village  of  Hood  co.,  Tex.,  near  the  Brazos 
Biver,  35  miles  S.W.  of  Fort  Worth.     It  has  3  churches. 

Acton,  a  post-village  in  Halton  co.,  Ontario,  Canada, 
on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  35  miles  W.  from  Toronto. 
It  contains  6  churches,  a  bank,  a  system  of  public  schools,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  leathers  and  gloves 
and  moccasins.     Pop.  1475. 

Ac'ton-Bur'nell,  a  village  and  parish  of  England, 
CO.  of  Salop,  7i  miles  S.  of  Shrewsbury.  Here  aro  the  re- 
mains of  an  ancient  castle,  where  Edward  I.,  in  128.S,  held 
a  parliament.     Pop.  372. 

Acton  Vale,  or  Saint  Andr6  d'Acton,  ei^t  6no^- 
dr4'  dik-tiN"',  a  post-village  in  Bagot  co.,  Quebec,  Canada, 
on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  55  miles  E.  of  Montreal.  It 
contains  3  churches,  15  stores,  3  hotels,  and  several  mills. 
Copper-mines  are  worked  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  500. 

Actopan,  dk-to-p4n',  a  town  and  district  of  Mexico; 
the  former  70  miles  N.N.E.  of  the  city  of  Mexico :  lat. 
20°  17'  28"  N.;  Ion.  98°  48'  52"  W.  The  pop.  of  the  dis- 
trict consists  chiefly  of  Othomies  Indians,  of  whom  there 
arc  between  2000  and  3000  families.     Pop.  of  town,  2800. 

Acul,  i^kiil',  a  town  and  seaport  of  llayti,  N.  coast,  10 
miles  W.  of  Capo  Fran^ais.    Lat.  19°  47'  N. ;  Ion.  72°  27'  W. 

Acula,  an  ancient  town  of  Italy.    See  Acquapendente. 

Acuico,  i-kool'ko,  a  lake  in  Chili,  38  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Santiago;  it  is  about  9  miles  in  length,  and  3  in  breadth. 

Aculzingo,  i^kool-scen'go,  or  Aculezingo,  i-koo^- 
li-seen'go,  a  largo  Indian  village  of  Mexico,  state  of  Vera 
Cruz,  S.  of  Orizaba,  near  the  railroad  from  Vera  Cruz  to 
Mexico,  with  a  wonderful  railway  bridge  across  a  chaem. 

Acushnet,  a-kwish'n^t,  a  post-village  of  Bristol  co., 
Mass.,  in  Acushnet  township,  near  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  4 
miles  N.  of  New  Bedford,  and  1  mile  from  the  New  Bedford 
&  Taunton  Railroad  (Acushnet  Station.)  The  township  has 
6  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  1027. 

Acuto,  S,-koo'to,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Rome, 
35  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Rome,  and  at  the  foot  of  Monte  Acuto. 
Pop.  2247. 

Ac'worth,  a  post- village  of  Cobb  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  West- 
ern &  Atlantic  Railroad,  35  miles  N.W.  of  Atlanta.  It  has 
a  high  school,  4  churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  flouring-mill ; 
also  several  mineral  springs.  A  large  quantity  of  cotton  is 
shipped  here.     Pop.  about  800. 

Acworth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.H.,  in  Ac- 
worth  township,  about  45  miles  W.  of  Concord.  The  township 
has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  goods,  flour, 
and  lumber.  Here  are  found  large  specimens  of  beryl. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1050. 

Ada,  od'5h\  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  BaoB,  30  miles  S. 
of  Szegedin,  on  the  Theiss.    Pop.,  with  surroundings,  9344. 

Ada,  a'da,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Idaho,  borders 
on  Oregon.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  and  W.  by  Lewis 
or  Snake  River,  and  drained  by  the  Bois6  and  Payette  Rivers. 
The  surface  in  some  parts  is  hilly ;  the  soil  produces  wheat, 
barley,  oats,  «fce.  Gold  is  found  near  the  Payette  River. 
Capital,  Bois6  City.  Area,  2500  square  miles.  Pop.  in 
1870,  2675;  in  1880,  4074;  in  1890,  8368. 

Ada,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ala.,  28  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Montgomery. 

Ada,  a  post- village  of  Ottawa  co.,  Kansas,  12  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Minneapolis.     Pop.  about  250. 

Ada,  a  post-village  of  Ada  township,  Kent  co.,  Mich., 
on  Grand  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Thornapple  River, 
and  on  the  Detroit  &  Milwaukee  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  by 
S.  from  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  3  churches,  a  union  school, 
and  2  flouring-mills.  Pop.  about  300 ;  of  the  township  in 
1890,  1296. 

Ada,  a  thriving  post-village,  capital  of  Norman  co., 
Minn.,  on  a  railroad,  30  miles  N.  of  Glyndon.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  bank,  a  butter  creamery  (capacity  1000  pounds 
per  day),  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  1200. 

Ada,  a  hamlet  in  the  township  of  Albany,  Ray  eo.,  Mo., 
near  the  village  of  Orrick. 

Ada,  a  post-village  of  Liberty  township,  Hardin  co., 
0.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad,  15 
niiles  E.  of  Lima.  It  has  a  bank  and  a  newspaper  office,  and 
is  the  seat  of  the  Northwestern  Ohio  Normal  School,  a  pri- 
vate institution,  founded  in  1870.  Ada  has  also  9  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  flour,  lumber,  flax,  sash,  doors,  barrels, 
Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  2080. 

Ada,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sheboygan  oo.,  Wis.,  in  Herman 
•town«hip,  7  miles  from  Kiel. 

Adafoodia,  i-di-foo'de-a.,  a  town  in  the  Foolah  coun- 
try. West  Africa;  lat.  13°  6'  N;  Ion.  1°  3'  E,  It  has  a 
large  trade  in  native  produce.     Pop.  24,000.       ^  «*  »^*» 


Adaiel,  a  region  of  Africa.    See  Adal. 

A^dair',  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Iowa,  has 
an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Middle  River, 
an  affluent  of  the  Des  Moines,  and  by  the  source  of  the 
Nodaway.  The  surface  is  undulating;  the  soil  is  fertile. 
The  staple  productions  are  Indian  corn,  wheat,  butter,  Ac. 
The  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad  passes  along 
the  northern  border  of  the  county,  and  a  branch  of  the 
Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad  intersects  it.  Cap- 
ital, Greenfield.  Pop.  in  1870,  3982;  in  1880,  11,667;  in 
1890,  14,534. 

Adair,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Kentucky,  has  an  area 
of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Green  River, 
and  also  drained  by  Little  Barren  River.  The  surface  is 
hilly  or  undulating  ;  the  soil  is  moderately  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  tobacco,  and  live-stock  are  the  staple  products.  Cap- 
ital, Columbia.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,065;  in  1880, 13,078;  in 
1890,  13,721. 

Adair,  a  county  in  the  N.N.E.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an 
area  of  about  570  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Chariton  River,  which  runs  southward,  and  by  the  North 
Fork  of  Salt  River.  The  surface  is  moderately  diversified; 
the  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  live-stock  are 
the  staple  products.  Coal  and  limestone  are  found  here. 
Forests  of  the  ash,  hickory,  oak,  sugar-maple,  Ac,  cover  a 
large  part  of  this  county.  It  is  traversed  by  the  two  trunk 
railroad  lines.  Capital,  Kirksville.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,448; 
in  1880,  15,190;  in  1890,  17,417. 

Adair,  a  village  of  Las  Animas  co..  Col.,  on  the  Denver 
&  Fort  Worth  Railroad,  33  miles  S.E.  of  Trinidad. 

Adair,  a  post-hamlet  of  McDonough  co..  111.,  in  New 
Salem  township,  on  a  railroad,  10  miles  S.  of  Bushnell.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  creamery.     Pop.  200. 

Adair,  a  station  in  the  Cherokee  country.  Indian  Ter- 
ritory, on  the  Missouri  Pacific,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Vinita. 

Adair,  a  post-village  of  Adair  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chi- 
cngo.  Rock  Island  &,  Pacific  Railroad,  60  miles  W.  of  Des 
Moines.  It  has  4  churches,  a  grain  elevator,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  722. 

Adair,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  on  a  divia- 
ion  of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  St. 
Clair. 

Adair,  a  township  of  Camden  co..  Mo.     Pop.  637. 

A^dairs'ville,  a  post-village  of  Bartow  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Western  &  Atlantic  Railroad,  31  miles  S.  of  Dalton,  and  68 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  4  churches,  a  classical 
school,  a  cotton-factory,  and  2  flouring-mills.  Pop.  about 
800. 

AMair'ville,  a  post-village  of  Logan  co.,  Ky.,  12  mil«8 
S.  of  Russellville,  and  about  36  miles  S.W.  of  Bowling 
Green.     It  has  an  academy  and  6  churches.    Pop.  700. 

Adaja,  d,-Dd,'Hi,  a  river  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  rising 
near  Piedrahita,  in  the  Sierra  de  Avila,  falls  into  the  Doaro. 
after  a  course  of  between  SO  and  90  miles. 

Adakaselia,  a  town  of  Servia.     See  Orsova. 

Adakh,  aMak',  one  of  the  Andrcanov  Islands,  Alaska. 
It  has  an  active  volcano  and  many  hot  springs. 

Adal,  JL-dai',  Adaiel,  or  Adajel,  i-di-el',  a  region 
of  Eastern  Africa,  around  the  Bay  of  Tajoora  and  Gulf  of 
Aden.  It  is  barren  and  sickly,  but  well  peopled  by  a  race 
of  warlike  nomades.  Chief  towns,  Hoosa  and  Tajoora.  See 
Adel  and  Afar. 

Ada  (a'da)  Lake,  in  Cass  co.,  Minn.,  is  traversed  by 
the  Pine  River,  an  indirect  affluent  of  the  Mississippi. 

Adalia,  i.-dk'lee'k,  Alalia,  Satalieh,  si-tS,'lee^y^b, 
or  Attaliyeh,  a  seaport  of  Anatolia,  Asiatic  Turkey,  on 
the  gulf  of  the  same  name.  Lat.  36°  52'  2"  N. ;  Ion.  30° 
45'  E.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  slope  of  a  hill.  The 
houses  being  built  circularly  around  the  harbor,  the  streets 
appear  to  rise  behind  each  other  like  the  seats  of  a  theatre. 
It  has  a  Greek  archbishop.     Pop.  of  the  town,  8000. 

Ad'aline,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  W.  Va.,  T 
miles  from  Bellton  Station.     It  has  1  church. 

Adallum,  a  town  of  ancient  Spain.    See  Elda. 

Ad'am,  a  station  in  Edgefield  co.,  S.C,  on  the  Colum- 
bia &  Augusta  Railroad,  24  miles  N.N.E.  of  Augusta,  Ga, 

Adamawa,  i-di-maw'i,  or  Fnmbi'na,  a  kingdom 
or  province  of  Central  Africa,  in  Soodan,  between  lat.  6° 
and  11°  N.,  and  Ion.  11°  and  17°  E.,  is  traversed  by  the 
Benuwe  and  its  tributaries  and  by  the  Alantika  Moun- 
tains. It  affords  fine  pasturage,  is  populous,  and  has  a 
large  trade  in  slaves  and  ivory.  Capital,  Yola.  It  is  subject 
to  the  power  of  Saccatoo. 

Ad'am  Bay,  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  Australia,  stretches 
6  miles  inland.    It  is  10  miles  in  breadth  at  the  entrance. 

Ad'am-jo-Tan^dar',  a  town  of  Sinde,  India,  14 
miles  E.  of  Halla.  .Pop.  3500.  ■ ;    ;? 


ADA 


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Adams,  ad'^ms,  a  countj  in  the  extreme  W.  part  of 
Illinoit,  bordering  on  Missouri,  has  an  area  of  about  830 
square  luilcs.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Mississippi 
Kiver,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Boar  and  McKee's  Crecits. 
The  surface  is  unduhiting  or  nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  very 
fertile.  Forests  of  the  ash,  elm,  hickory,  onk,  sugar-maple, 
and  other  trees  cover  a  largo  part  of  the  surface.  AVhoat, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  butter,  horses,  cattle,  and  pork  are 
the  Ftaple  products.  Burlington  limestone  and  another 
limestone  of  the  Carboniferous  Age  crop  out  at  Quincy. 
These  are  good  materials  for  building.  Beds  of  coal  are 
■aid  to  underlie  the  eastern  part  of  the  county.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Chioago,  Burlington  it,  Quincy  and  the  Wabash 
Railroads.  Other  railroads  connect  with  these  at  Quincy, 
the  capital  of  this  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  66,362;  in  1880, 
69,136;  in  1890,  61,888. 

AdamR*  a  couniy  in  the  E.  part  of  Indiana,  bordering 
on  Ohio,  hns  an  area  of  330  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Wabash  and  St.  Mary's  Rivers.  The  surface  is 
nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the 
ash,  beech,  oak,  sugar-maple,  <to.  The  soil  is  fertile.  The 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  and 
the  Toledo,  St.  Louis  A  Kansas  City  Railroads,  which  con- 
verge here.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  and  butter  are  the 
staple  products.  Capital,  Decatur.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,382; 
in  ISSt),  15,385;  in  1890,  20,181. 

Adams,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Iowa,  has  nn  area 
of  432  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Nodaway 
River,  and  partly  drained  by  the  Platte  River.  The  surface 
is  nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  A  large  portion  of  it  is 
prairie-land.  The  county  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago,  Bur- 
lington <t  Quincy  Railroad,  which  intersects  it  from  E.  to  W., 
and  a  branch  of  which  crosses  its  S.E.  corner.  Indian  corn, 
hay,  and  live-stock  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Corn- 
ing.   Pop.  in  1870,4614;  in  1880, 11,888;  in  1890, 12,292. 

Adams,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Mississippi,  bor- 
dering on  Louisiana,  has  an  area  of  about  400  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on 
the  S.  by  the  Homoohitto  River.  The  surface  is  undulating ; 
the  soil  is  very  fertile.  Forests  of  the  ash,  cypress,  elm, 
hickory,  magnolia,  oak,  tulip-tree,  tupolo,  Ac,  cover  nearly 
one-third  of  the  surface.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the 
staple  products.  Strata  of  the  tertiary  (Eocene)  formation 
underlie  part  of  the  soil.  A  division  of  the  Louisville,  New 
Orleans  <t  Texas  Railway  and  the  New  Orleans  &  North- 
western Railway  converge  at  the  capital,  Natchez.  Pop.  in 
1870,  19,084;  in  1880,  22,649;  in  1890,  26,031. 

Adams,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Nebraska,  has  an 
area  of  552  square  miles.  The  Platte  River  touches  the 
N.AV.  part  of  it.  The  soil  is  productive.  This  county  is 
traversed  by  the  St.  Joseph  &  Grand  Island,  the  Burlington 
&  Missouri  River,  the  Fremont,  Elkhorn  &  Missouri  Val- 
ley, and  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroads.  Capital,  Hastings. 
Pop.  in  1876,  3940;  in  1880,  10,235;  in  1890,  24,303. 

Adams,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Ohio,  bordering  on 
Kentucky,  has  an  area  of  about  488  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  Intersected  by 
Brush  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  one- 
third  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  beech,  hickory, 
buckeye,  white  oak,  sugar-maple,  and  other  trees.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  cattle,  butter,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  Clinton  limestone  and  Niagara 
limestone  (Upper  Silurian)  crop  out  in  this  county.  The 
latter  is  a  good  building-stone.  Capital,  West  Union.  This 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Ohio  A  Northwestern  Railroad, 
■which  passes  along  iU  N.  part.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,760 ;  in 
1880,  24,005;  in  1890,  26,093. 

Adams,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Pennsylvania,  bor- 
dering on  Maryland,  has  an  area  of  about  535  square  miles. 
It  is  drained  by  the  Concwago,  Bermudian,  Latimore,  Marsh, 
and  Rock  Creeks,  the  last  two  of  which  are  bead-streams  of 
the  Monocacy  River.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly,  and  is  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  chestnut,  hickory, 
white  oak,  wild  cherry,  Ac.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  butter,  cattle,  potatoes,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  The  South  Mountain  extends 
along  its  N.W.  border.  Among  its  mineral  resources  are 
good  limestone  and  magnetic  iron  ore.  Mesozoio  rod  sand- 
stone and  mica  slate  underlie  a  large  part  of  the  county. 
It  is  partly  traversed  by  the  Susquehanna  A  Potomac  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Gettysburg.  Pop.  in  1870,  30,315 ;  in  1880, 
32,455  ;  in  1890,  33,486. 

Adams,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Washington,  is 
drained  by  the  head-waters  of  the  Snake  River,  an  offluent 
of  the  Columbia,  and  is  traversed  by  the  Northern  Pacific 
Railroad.  Area,  as  oflScially  estimated,  1008  square  miles. 
Capital,  Ritzville.     Pop.  in  1890,  2098. 


Adams,  a  county  near  the  central  part  of  Wisconsin, 
has  an  area  of  about  690  square  miles.  It  is  boundrd  on 
the  W.  by  the  Wisconsin  River,  and  drained  by  Cross  Creek. 
The  surface  is  partly  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other 
trees,  from  which  lumber  is  exported.  The  staple  product:*  of 
the  soil  are  wheat,  Indian  corn,  butter,  Ac.  Capital,  Friend- 
ship.    Pop.  in  1870,  6601;  in  1880,  6741;  in  1890,  6889. 

Adams,  a  post-hamlet  of  Larimer  oo..  Col.,  about  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Fort  Collins. 

Adams,  a  station  in  L'eo  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  railroad  from 
Smithville  to  Albany,  17  miles  N.  of  Albany. 

Adams,  a  post-ofiico  of  Adams  co.,  111.,  is  at  Newtown, 
about  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Quincy. 

Adams,  a  township  of  La  Salle  oo.,  IlL  Pop,  1662. 
It  contains  Loland. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  2388.  It 
includes  Now  Haven.    See  Adams  Station, 

Adams,  a  township  of  Carroll  CO.,  Ind.  Pop.  1149.  It 
contains  Lockport. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  807. 

Adams,  a  post-village  of  Adams  township,  Decatur  oo., 
Ind.,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  A  Lafayette  Railroad, 
41  miles  S.E.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  a  graded  school,  3 
churches,  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  of  township,  2162. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Hamilton  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  2178. 
It  contains  Boxloy. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1564. 
It  includes  Markleville  and  New  Columbus. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1207. 
It  contains  the  village  of  Eminence. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Parko  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  3286.  It 
contains  Rockville,  the  county  scat. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Ripley  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  2703.  It 
contains  Morris. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Dallas  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  966. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  644. 
It  contains  the  post-office  of  Tower  Hill. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  949.  It 
contains  Aurora. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Mahaska  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop.  889. 
It  contains  the  post-office  of  Comet. 

Adams,  a  post-office  of  Muscatine  co.,  Iowa,  and  a  sta- 
tion on  the  Muscatine  division  of  the  Burlington  A  Cedar 
Rapids  Railroad,  13  miles  W.  of  Muscatine. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Wapello  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop.  132L 
It  includes  Blakcsburg. 

Adams,  a  post-township,  in  the  north  part  of  Berk* 
shire  co.,  Mass.,  adjoining  North  Adams,  is  noted  for  its 
important  manufactures  of  cotton,  wool,  iron,  paper,  Ac. 
This  township  contains  the  villages  of  Adams,  Renfrew, 
and  Maple  Grove.  Among  its  prominent  features  is  Mount 
Greylock  (q.  v.),  which  is  3505  feet  high,  and  is  the  highest 
point  in  the  state.  The  township  is  drained  by  the  Iloosao 
kiver,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Pittsfield  A  North  Adami 
Railroad.     Pop.  in  1890,  921.3. 

Adams,  a  post- village  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  in  Adams 
township,  on  the  Pittsfield  A  North  Adams  Railroad,  15 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Pittsfield,  and  5  miles  S.  of  North  Adams. 
It  has  2  national  banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  from  one  of 
which  a  German  paper  is  issued,  7  churches,  2  paper-mills, 
2  woollen-mills,  and  manufactures  of  gingham  and  cottoa 
warp.     Pop.  about  7500. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  179T» 
It  contains  the  village  of  North  Adams. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Houghton  co.,  Mich.,  containi 
Atlantic  Mine.    Pop.  670.  i 

Adams,  a  post-village  of  Mower  co.,  Minn.,  in  Adam* 
township,  on  the  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  15  milef 
S.E.  of  Austin.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  township,  874.1 

Adams,  a  township  of  De  Kalb  co..  Mo.     Pop.  879. 

Adams,  a  station  in  Cheyenne  co..  Neb.,  on  the  Unioft 
Pacific  Railroad,  457  miles  W.  of  Omaha.  , 

Adams,  a  post-village  of  Gage  co..  Neb.,  on  the  Nemahf 
River,  near  its  source,  29  miles  by  rail  6.S.E.  of  Lincoln. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  350.  : 

Adams,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Adams 
township,  and  on  the  Rome,  Watertown  A  Ogdensburg  Kail- 
road,  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Watertown.  It  has  4  churches, 
2  national  banks,  the  Hungerford  Collegiate  Institute,  a 
foundry,  machine-shop,  planing-mill,  Ac.  One  newspaper 
is  issued  here.  Pop.  1360 ;  of  the  township,  3181.  The 
township  contains  also  a  village  named  Adams  Centre,  and 
a  part  of  Smithville  lies  within  its  limits. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Champaign  co.,  0.  Pop.  1238. 
It  contains  the  village  of  Carysville. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  0.,  contains  the  vil- 
lage  of  Ogden.     Pop.  883. 


ADA 


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ADD 


Adams,  a  township  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.  Pop.  1113. 
It  contains  Bakersville. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Darke  co.,  0.  Pop.  2291.  It 
contains  Bradford  and  Gettysburg. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Defiance  co.,  0.  Post-office, 
Adams  llidgc.     Pop.  1220. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Guernsey  co.,  0.  Pop.  7C2,  It 
contains  Cassell's  Station. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Lucas  co.,  0.  Pop.  959.  It 
contains  Oak  Grove  and  Everett. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  0.  Pop.  1201.  It 
contains  the  village  of  Cameron. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.     Pop.  727. 

Adams,  a  post-township  of  Seneca  co.,  0.,  about  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Tiffin.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Cincinnati, 
Sandusky  &  Cleveland  Railroad.     Pop.  1537. 

Adams,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  0.  Pop.  1786. 
It  includes  Buell's  Lowell. 

Adams,  a  post-village  of  Umatilla  co.,  Oregon,  34  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Walla  Walla.  It  has  3  churches.  Pop. 
about  200. 

Adams,  a  post-hamlet  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa.,  about  12 

I  lies  N.W.  of  Kittanning. 
Adams,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  973. 
Adams,  a  township  of  Cambria  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  836. 
Adams,  a  township  of  Adams  CO.,  AVis.     Pop.  398.     It 
ntains  the  village  of  Friendship,  which  is  the  capital  of 
e  county. 
Adams,  a  township  of  Green  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  913. 
Adams,  a  post-hamlet  of  Walworth  co.,  Wis.,  about  40 
lies  S.W.  of  Milwaukee. 
Adams  Basin,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
;      the  Erie  Canal  and  the  Central  Railroad,  13  miles  W.  of 
Rochester.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Ad'amsborough,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Cass  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  Eel  River  division  of  the  Wabash  Railroad,  6 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Logansport.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Adam's  Bridge,  a  chain  of  shoals  extending  across 
the  Gulf  of  Manaar,  between  Ceylon  and  the  peninsula  of 
Ilindostan.    See  Gulp  of  Manaar. 

Adamsburg,  a  village  of  S/iyderco.,  Pa.,  on  the  Lewis- 
town  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  27  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Sunbury.  It  has  a  church,  and  a  tannery. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Beaver  Springs. 

Adamsburg,  a  post-village  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa., 
about  24  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg ;  has  2  churches.     Pop.  229. 

Adams  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Adams  township,  on  the  Rome,  AVatertown  &  Ogdens- 
burg  Railroad,  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Watertown.  It  has  a 
graded  school,  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages, 
furniture,  sash,  <fec.  Pop.  600. 

Adams  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co.,  Wis., 
about  33  miles  N.N.W.  of  Portage  City. 

Adam's  Creek,  township,  Craven  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  1352. 

Adams  Island,  Marquesas  Group.    See  Roapoa. 

Adams'  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  N.C. 

Adams  Mills,  n  post-village  of  Muskingum  co.,  C, 
,       on  the  Muskingum  River,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati 
'       &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  about  16  miles  N.  of  Zanesville.     It 
has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Adams,  Mount.    Sec  Mount  Adams. 

Ad'amson,  a  post-office  of  Rooks  co.,  Kansas. 

Ad'amson's  Harbor,  or  Port  Es'perance,  a 
email  arm  of  the  sea,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Tasmania. 

Ad'amsonville,  a  hamlet  of  Jasper  co.,  Iowa,  8  miles 
B.E.  of  Newton. 

Adams  Peak,apost-officeof  Pottawatomieco.,  Kansas. 

Adam's  Peak,  a  mountain  in  the  centre  of  Ceylon. 
Lat.  6°  52'  N. ;  Ion.  80°  32'  E.     Height,  7420  feet. 

Adams  Point  or  Cape,  in  Oregon,  on  the  S.  side  of 
the  mouth  of  the  Columbia  River.  Lat.  46°  12'  N.j  Ion. 
123°  56'  W.     It  has  a  light-house. 

Adams  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Defiance  co.,  0. 

Adams  Run,  or  Osborn,  oz'bvrn,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Colleton  CO.,  S.C,  on  the  Savannah  &  Charleston  Railroad, 
23  miles  W.  of  Charleston. 

Adams  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allen  co.,  Ind., 
in  Adams  township,  on  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Rail- 
road, and  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad, 
5  miles  S.E.  of  Fort  Wayne.  Near  it  are  2  churches,  a 
steam  saw-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Adams  Station,  a  post-village  of  Hinds  co..  Miss., 
on  the  Natchez,  Jackson  &  Columbus  Railroad,  28  miles 
S.W.  of  Jackson.     Pop.  250. 

Adams  Station,  a  post-village  of  Robertson  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  10  or  11  miles 


N.W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tobacco-factory, 
and  a  high  school.     Pop.  about  200. 

Adamsthal,  3,'d5.ms-t4l\  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Moravia, 
9  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Brlinn.  It  is  much  visited  on  account 
of  its  caves.     Pop.  780. 

Ad'amstown,  a  post- village  of  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  64  miles  W.  of  Baltimore. 
It  has  a  church. 

Adamstown,  a  post-borough  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  in 
East  Cocalico  township,  about  11  miles  S.W.  of  Reading. 
It  has  a  church,  and  manufactories  of  wool  hats.     Pop.  700. 

Ad'amsville,  a  post-village  in  Brome  co.,  Quebec, 
Canada,  4  miles  N.  of  Brigham.  It  contains  a  telegraph 
office,  several  mills,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  200. 

Adamsville,  a  hamlet  of  Pinal  co.,  Arizona,  4  miles  W. 
of  Florence.     It  has  a  flouring-mill. 

Adamsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradley  co.,  Ark.,  8 
miles  S.  of  Warren. 

Adamsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Del.,  8  miles 
W.  of  Farmington  Station  of  the  Philadelphia,  Wilming- 
ton &  Baltimore  Railroad. 

Adamsville,  a  small  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Mass., 
in  Colerain  township,  about  10  miles  N.W.  of  Greenfield. 
It  has  good  water-power  and  several  mills. 

Adamsville,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Ontwa  township,  8  miles  N.  of  Elkhart,  Ind.,  and  about  100 
miles  S.W.  of  Lansing.  It  has  a  graded  school,  hotel, 
flour-mill,  saw-mill,  and  stave-factory.     Pop.  104. 

Adamsville,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co..  Miss. 

Adamsville,  Albany  co.,  N.Y.    See  Adams  Statiox. 

Adamsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y., 
6  miles  E.  of  Sandy  Hill,  and  about  56  miles  N.  by  E.  from 
Albany.     It  has  a  church. 

Adamsville,  a  post-village  of  Muskingum  co.,  C, 
about  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Zanesville.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
graded  school,  planing-,  saw-,  and  flour-mills,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  350. 

Adamsville,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  in 
West  Fallowfield  township,  on  the  Atlantic  <fc  Great  Western 
Railroad,  19  miles  S.W.  of  Meadville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Adamsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Newport  co.,  R.I.,  in 
Little  Compton,  about  12  miles  S.  of  Fall  River.    Pop.  100. 

Adamsville,  a  post-village  of  McNairy  co.,  Tenn.,  12 
miles  E.  of  Bethel  Springs  Station  of  theMobile  &  Ohio 
Railroad.     It  has  4  churches  and  an  academy.     Pop.  600. 

Adamsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Beaver  co.,  Utah,  8  milea 
W.  of  Beaver  City. 

Adamsville,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  co.,  W.  "Va., 
about  60  miles  S.S.E.  of  Wheeling.     It  has  2  churches. 

Adamsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Iowa  co..  Wis.,  in  Mos- 
cow township,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mineral  Point.  It  has  a 
flouring-mill. 

Adamuz,  S,-Di-mooth',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
21  miles  N.E.  of  Cordova,  with  3400  inhabitants. 

Adana,  iM&'nS,  (anc.  Bath'nset),  a  city  of  Asia  Minor, 
capital  of  a  vilayet  of  its  own  name,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Syhoon,  30  miles  from  the  sea.  Lat.  36°  58'  N. ;  Ion.  35°  12' 
E.  Pop.  about  25,000,  It  is  well  built,  and  has  a  castle, 
several  remains  of  antiquity,  a  bridge  over  the  Syhoon,  said 
to  have  been  built  by  Justinian,  with  a  trade  in  wool,  cotton, 
corn,  wine,  and  fruit. 

Adana,  a  vilayet  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  lying  between  the 
Taurus  on  the  N.  and  the  Mediterranean,  with  the  Gulf  of 
Scanderoon,  on  the  S.  Area,  14,222  square  miles.  Cotton  and 
grain  are  leading  products.     Pop.  335,520.     Capital,  Adana. 

Adanad,  i-di-nid',  or  Adinatha,  S.-de-ni't'hil,  a 
town  of  India,  in  Malabar,  25  miles  S.S.E.  of  Calicut. 

Adanara,  a  Malay  island.    See  Adenaha. 

Adand,  od^ond',  a  market  town  of  Hungary,  county  of 
Siimegh,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Karad.     Pop.  1650. 

Ad^ari'o,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richland  co.,  0.,  in  Butler 
township,  about  14  miles  N.  of  Mansfield.     It  has  a  church. 

Adasevecs,6d-6sh-eh-vech',  or  Adashevce,  a  village 
of  Croatia,  on  the  borders  of  Slavonia,  34  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Peterwardein.     Pop.  2004. 

Adda,  id'di  (anc.  Ad'dna),  a  river  of  Northern  Italy, 
rises  near  Bormio  in  the  Valtellina,  flows  generally  S.,  tra- 
versing Lakes  Como  and  Lecco,  and,  after  a  course  of  80 
miles,  joins  the  Po,  7  miles  W.  of  Cremona. 

Addergey,  id-d^r-gi'  or  Id-d^r-ghi',  a  small  town  of 
Abyssinia,  kingdom  of  Tigr6.   Lat.  13°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  38°  3'  E. 

Ad'dieville,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVashington  co.,  111.,  on 
the  St.  Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  43  miles  from  St. 
Louis.    It  has  a  church. 

Ad'diewell,  a  village  of  Edinburghshire,  Scotland, 
about  16  miles  S.W.  of  Edinburgh.     Pop.  1356. 

Ad'dington,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Ontario. 


ADD 


«ai 


ADE 


Canxifc,  oa  Lako  OatftHo.  Ar«^  2000  aqaar«  milos.  It  is 
diuined  by  the  Napauoe  lUvor  and  othor  istreaiiu,  and  eon- 
tftint  MToral  lakos,  the  prinoipal  of  wbioit  is  Boaver  Lake, 
lite  obiof  staples  are  luuibor,  wool,  and  the  produoti  of  the 
dairy.  Thi:)  county  is  truvorsed  by  the  Grand  Trunk  Kuil- 
way.    Chief  town,  Napnuee.     Pup.  23,312. 

Aft'diaOBf  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Vermont,  borJc-- 
ing  on  Now  York,  has  an  area  of  about  760  sauare  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Lako  Chumploin  (bore  2  or  3 
milos  wide),  is  intorsooted  by  Ottor  Creek,  and  uUo  drained 
by  the  Now  Haven  and  Whito  Uivers.  The  surface  is  partly 
mountainous,  and  is  dircrsified  with  beautiful  scenery.  For- 
ests of  the  ash,  beech,  aim,  hickory,  pine,  oak,  sugar-majilu, 
Ac,  cover  nearly  one-fourth  of  the  county.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile, and  mostly  adapted  to  pasturage.  Butter,  hay,  wool, 
oats,  cattle,  and  lumber  arc  the  staple  products.     Gneiss, 

2uarti,  mica  slate,  and  Lower  Silurian  limestones  underlie 
ifforent  parts  of  the  surface.  Quarries  of  whito  and  varie- 
gated marble  hare  been  opened  in  this  county.  Alabaster, 
galena,  and  manganese  are  also  found  here.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Vermont  Central  BAilroad.  Capital,  Middle- 
bury.  Pop.  of  the  county  in  1870,  23,484;  in  1880,  24,173; 
in  1890,  22,277. 

Addison,  a  post-village  in  Du  Page  co..  III.,  IS  miles 
W.  by  N.  from  Chicago,  and  4  miles  from  Elmshurst  Sta- 
tion. Here  is  the  "  Evangelical  Lutheran  Teachers'  Semi- 
nary," organized  in  1864,  and  the  "German  Evangelical 
Lutheran  Orphan  Asylum  of  Northern  Illinois,"  with  over 
100  children.  A  branch  railroad  extends  to  Addison.  Pop. 
of  township,  2190;  of  village,  about  500. 

Addison,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  (exclu- 
sive of  the  city  of  Shelbyville)  2677. 

Addison,  a  post  hamlet  of  Humboldt  co.,  Iowa,  12 
miles  N.W.  of  Fort  Dodge. 

Addison,  or  Addison  Point,  a  post-village  of  ^yash- 
ington  CO.,  Me.,  in  Addison  township,  on  an  inlet  of  the 
ocean,  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Macbias.  It  has  several  churches, 
a  carriage-shop,  a  ship-yard,  and  a  mineral  spring.  Here 
is  Addison  Point  Post-Office.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1201. 

Addison,  a  post-village  of  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  in  Wood- 
stock township,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Adrian,  and  13  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Hudson.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  flour-mill, 
a  wood-working  factory,  a  high  school,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  about  500. 

Addison,  a  township  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  106. 

Addison,  a  post-village  in  Addison  township,  Steuben 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Canisteo  River,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad, 
23  miles  W.  of  Elmira.  It  has  3  or  4  churches,  2  banks,  2 
newspaper  offices,  several  mills,  and  an  institution  called 
Addison  Academy  and  Union  School.  It  has  manufactures 
of  leather,  ploughs,  sash,  blinds,  &o.  Pop.  about  2000.  The 
township  contains  5  churches.     Pop.  of  township,  2595. 

Addison,  Champaign  co.,  0.    See  Christiansburg. 

Addison,  a  small  post-village  of  Gallia  co.,  0.,  in  Ad- 
dison township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  8  miles  above  Gal- 
lipolis.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1340. 

Addison,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  co..  Pa.,  in  Addi- 
son township,  6  miles  from  Confluence  Railroad  Station,  and 
90  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2  churches  and  1  foundry. 
The  township  contains  6  churches.     Pop.  of  township,  1456. 

Addison,  a  post-township  of  Addison  co.,  Vt.,  about  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Middlebury.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
Otter  Creek,  and  on  the  W.  by  Lake  Charaplain.    Pop.  91 1. 

Addison,  a  poet-village,  capital  of  Webster  co.,  W.Va., 
35  miles  S.  of  Buckhannon.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  waterfalls  lued  in  the  manufacture  of  lumber. 
Pop.  300. 

Addison,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co..  Wis.,  in 
Addison  township,  about  37  miles  N.W.  of  Milwaukee,  near 
Allenton  Station.     Pop.  of  township  in  1890,  1863. 

Addison  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y., 
about  15  miles  S.W.  of  Corning. 

Addison  Junction,  a  station  in  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Lako  Champlain,  at  the  junction  of  the  Addison  Railroad 
(of  Vermont)  with  the  New  York  &  Canada  Railroad,  near 
Fort  Ticonderoga,  and  24  miles  N.  of  Whitehall. 

Addison  Point,  a  village  of  Maine.    See  Addisok. 

Ad'disville,  or  Rich'borough,  a  post-village  of 
Bucks  CO.,  Pa.,  in  Northampton  township,  3^  miles  from 
Hartsville  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2  churches.  Here  is 
Richborough  Post-Office. 

Ad^doo',  or  Adoa,  iMoo',  one  of  the  Maldive  Islands, 
10  miles  in  length  and  7  in  breadth. 

Addua,  ancient  name  of  a  river  of  Italy.    See  Adda. 

Adeghem,  &'d4-gh£m,  a  village  of  Belgium,  East 
Flanders,  4  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Eocloo.     Pop.  3700. 

Adel,  &-ddl',  or  Somauli,  so-maw'lee,  a  country  of 


Africa,  extending  along  its  coast  from  Abyssinia  to  Cape 
Guardafui,  between  lat.  8°  and  12°  N.,  and  Km.  43°  and 
61°  £.  Pop.  Mohammedan,  and  subonlinate  to  Egypt.  It 
exports  wax,  myrrh,  ivory,  slaves,  oolfee,  gold-dust,  and 
cattle.  Chief  porU,  Zoyla  and  Borbora.  The  names  Adel 
and  Adal  (which  see)  are  forms  of  the  Abyssinian  Adaiel,* 
term  designating  the  Danakil  race.     See  Afar. 

Adel,  ft^dfil',  a  post-borough  of  Berrien  co.,  Ga.,  about 
10  miles  S.W.  of  Nashville,  on  the  Georgia  Southern  i 
Florida  Riiilrond.  It  has  4  churches  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  800. 

Adel,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dallas  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Raccoon  River,  and  on  the  Des  Moines  and  Noithwewtcrn 
Railway,  22  miles  W.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  2  banks,  2 
weekly  newspapers,  a  graded  school,  and  4  churches.  Poo. 
1100.  *^ 

Adelaida,  Jl-d&-li'd&,  a  post-office  of  Sun  Luis  Obispo 
CO.,  Cnl.,  25  miles  W.  of  Paso  Robles. 

Adelaide,  od'^-lid,  a  city,  the  cnpital  of  South  Aus- 
tralia, on  the  Torrens  River,  near  its  mouth*  in  Gulf  St. 
Vincent.  Lat.  34°  55' S. ;  Ion.  138°  38' E.  Adelaide  is 
divided  by  the  Torrens  into  South  and  North  Adelaide.  It 
was  founded  in  1836;  has  regular  streets,  good  chops  and 
hotels,  numerous  places  of  worship,  a  government  bouse, 
barracks,  and  theatre,  a  chamber  of  commerce,  a  botanic 
garden,  water-  and  gas-works,  several  hospitals,  large  and 
varied  manufactures,  an  assay  office,  and  banks.  It  is  the 
scat  of  an  Anglican  and  a  Catholic  bishop.  It  is  the  ter- 
minus of  several  railways.     Pop.  67,954. 

Port  Adelaide  is  situated  about  6  miles  N.N.W.  of  the 
town,  and  communicates  with  it  by  a  railway.  It  is  a  free 
port.  The  harbor  is  accessible  for  vessels  drawing  about  18 
feet  of  water.     Pop.  2482. 

Adelaide,  a  river  in  the  N.W.  of  Australia,  falls  into 
Adam  Bay,  and  is  navigable  50  miles  for  vessels  drawing  12 
feet  of  water. 

Adelaide  Islands,  or  Queen  Adelaide  Islands, 
a  chain  of  islands  S.AV.  of  Patagonia.  The  westernmost  is 
called  Adelaide  Island.     Lat.  52°  S. ;  Ion.  75°  W. 

Adelante,  California.     See  Napa  Ju.vctiov. 

Adclbodcn,  i'del-boM?n,  a  valley  and  village  in  the 
canton  of  Bern,  Switzerland,  24  miles  S.  of  Thun.  It  has 
mineral  springs  and  a  pretty  cascade.     Pop.  1532. 

Adelebsen,  or  Adelepsen,  i'd^h-lfip's^n,  a  Tillage 
of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Gcittingen.  Pop. 
1264. 

Ad6Iie,  i'diMee',  a  barren  land  in  the  Antarctic  Ocean. 
Lat.  66°  30'  S.;  Ion.  136°  to  142°  E.  Discovered  by  D'Ur- 
ville  in  1840. 

Ad'eline,  a  post-village  of  Maryland  township.  Ogle 
CO.,  III.,  6  miles  E.  of  Forcston  Station,  and  about  22  milos 
N.  of  Dixon.  It  has  4  churches,  and  a  carriage-shop. 
Pop.  about  300. 

Ad-el-Jivaz,&d-8l-jeeVis',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
about  15  miles  from  Akhlat,  on  the  N.W.  shore  of  Lake  Van 
Coarse  cotton  cloths  are  manufactured.     Pop.  1500. 

Adeli,  nh-del',  a  post- village  of  Sheboygan  co..  Wis., 
in  Sherman  township,  on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad, 
43  miles  N.  of  Milwaukee.  It  has  a  carriage-shop,  foundry^ 
and  machine-shop.     Pop.  150. 

Adelmannsfelder,  i'd^l-m&ns-firt^r,  a  town  of  Wiii^ 
tembcrg,  Germany,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Aalen.  It  manu- 
factures woollens,  paper,  and  metallic  goods.     Pop.  1 659. 

Adelnau,  &'d§l-now\  a  town  of  Prussia,  40  miles  N.B. 
of  Breslau.     Pop.  1975. 

Adelphi,  i-d«l'fee,  or  Fratelli,  fri-tJl'lce  (i.e.,  the 
"Brothers"),  two  islands  in  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  4# 
miles  W.  of  Scarpanto,  in  about  lat.  39°  N.,  Ion.  24°  E. 

Adel'phi,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  De« 
Moines  River,  about  12  miles  S.E.  of  Des  Moines  City. 

Adelphi,  a  post- village  of  Ross  co.,  0.,  in  Colerain  town- 
ship, 18  miles  N.E.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  a  graded  school, 
2  churches,  a  tannerj-,  and  2  flour-mills.     Pop.  417. 

Adelsberg,  i'd^ls-bSno^  a  town  of  Illyria,  in  Carniola, 
22  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Triest.  It  is  remarkable  for  the 
stalactite  eaves  in  the  vicinity,  the  largest  hitherto  dis- 
covered in  Europe.     Pop.  1700. 

Adelsdorf,  i'd^ls-donr,  a  village  of  Austrian  Silesia, 
on  the  Bielau,  3  miles  S.  of  Freiwaldau.     Pop.  1315. 

Adelsdorf,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia.  It  consists  of 
two  parts,  Upper  Adelsdorf  (pop.  748)  and  Lower  Adels- 
dorf (pop.  481),  and  is  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Haynau. 

Adelsheim,  i'd§l8-hime',  a  town  of  Baden,  32  milei 
E.  of  Heidelberg.     Pop.  1531.  ,! 

Ademuz,  i-oi-mooth',  a  town  of  Spain,  62  milos  K.W. 
of  Valencia.     Pop.  2732. 

Aden,  4'd5n  or  i'din,  a  town  and  seaport  of  Arabi^ 


;At>£ 


455 


ABR 


which  since  1839  has  belonged  to  the  British,  on  the  E.  side 
of  Cape  Aden.  Lat.  12°  46'  15"  N.;  Ion.  45°  10'  20"  E. 
Its  fortifications  have  lately  been  greatly  extended  and 
improved ;  and  it  may  bo  called  the  Gibraltar  of  the 
East.  Numerous  mosques  and  other  buildings  attest  its 
former  magnificence.  Aden  is  the  chief  trading  port  of 
Arabia.  It  was  fortified  by  the  Turks  during  the  reign  of 
Solyman  the  Magnificent ;  but  before  its  occupation  by  the 
British,  it  had  shrunk  into  insignificance.  In  1839  the 
town  and  the  peninsula  on  which  it  stands  were  purchased 
by  the  East  India  Company,  to  be  made  a  depot  for  coals 
and  a  calling-station  for  the  steamers  between  India  and 
Suez,  and  from  that  time  it  has  increased  in  commercial 
importance,  especially  since  the  opening  of  the  Suez  Canal. 
The  imports,  consisting  chiefly  of  cotton  goods  and  pro- 
visions, in  1890  were  valued  at  nearly  31,000,000  rupees 
(about  $15,000,000),  and  its  exports,  coffee,  gums,  and 
gpices,  reached  a  similar  value.  The  water-supply  is  main- 
tained by  the  use  of  the  ancient  cisterns.  Pop.  25,000. 
Aden,  Cape.  See  Cape  Aden. 
Aden,  Gulf  of.  See  Gulf  of  Aden. 
Adeua,  a-dee'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  0.,  8 
JUiles  E.  of  Cadiz.     It  has  a  church. 

Adenara,  or  Adanara,  ^-da-n&'rS,,  an  island  in  the 
Malay  Archipelago,  belonging  to  the  Dutch.  Lat.  8°  17'  S.; 
ion.  123°  14'  E.     It  is  about  35  miles  long,  and  15  broad. 

Adenau,  i'd§n-ow\  a  town  of  Khenish  Prussia,  29  miles 
yr.  of  Coblentz.     Pop.  1427. 

Aderar,  d'dQ-rar'(i.e.,  "mountain"),  sometimes  written 
Aderer^  4-de-rair',  a  mountainous  region  of  the  Western 
.Sahara  (Africa),  between  Timbuctoo  and  Asben,  is  inhabited 
by  the  Awellemid,  a  powerful  Berber  tribe  who  breed  many 
sheep  and  camels.  It  is  not  to  bo  confounded  with  Adkar. 
Adcrbijan,  a  region  of  Persia.  See  Azerbai.ian. 
Adernu,  i-dSu'no,  a  town  of  Sicily,  at  the  S.E.  foot  of 
Mount  Etna,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Catania.  Pop.  14,673.  It 
has  remains  of  old  walls,  and  of  the  ancient  Adya'num. 

Adorsbach,  3.'d9r3-biK:\  a  village  of  Bohemia,  9  miles 
AV.N.W.  of  Braunau.     Pop.  1700. 

Ad'gatevillc,  a  post-town  of  Jasper  co.,  Ga.,  34  miles 
N.  of  Macon.     It  has  2  churches. 

Ad'ger's,  a  station  in  Fairfield  co.,  S.C.,  3  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Winnsborough. 

Ad  Hall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Milam  co.,  Tex.,  7  miles  W. 
jf  Cameron. 

Adiaman,  i-de-i-min',  a  small  town  in  Asiatic  Turkey, 
132  miles  N.E.  by  N.  of  Aleppo ;  lat.  37°  45'  N.,  Ion.  38° 
32'  E.     It  contains  several  mosques  and  1100  houses. 

Adige,  ad'e-je  (It.  pron.  A'de-jd;  Ger.  Etsch,  etch;  L. 
Ath'esis),  a  river  of  Northern  Italy,  formed  by  numberless 
streamlets  from  the  Helvetian  Alps,  which  unite  at  Glurns. 
It  enters  Lombardy  13  miles  S.  of  Roveredo,  and,  flowing 
S.  and  E.,  enters  the  Gulf  of  Venice  at  Porto-Fossone,  13 
miles  N.E  of  Adria,  after  a  course  of  220  miles.  Affluents 
on  the  left,  the  Passer,  Eisach,  Avisio,  and  Alpone ;  on  the 
right,  the  Noce.  The  cities  of  Glurns,  Trent,  Roveredo,  and 
Verona  are  on  its  banks  ;  its  navigation  is  difficult. 

Adigctto,  i-de-j5t't6,  is  a  canal  which  commences  pear 
Badia,  Italy,  passes  Rovigo,  and,  by  means  of  the  canals  of 
Nuortico  and  Bianco,  connects  the  Adige  with  the  Po. 

A'din,  a  post-village  of  Modoc  co.,  Cal.,  65  miles  E.  of 
Sisson.     It  has  a  church  and  a  weekly  paper.     Pop.  460. 
Adinatha,  a  town  of  Hindostan.    See  Adanad. 
Adiiyeek,  or  Adii^ik,  i-din-jeek',  a  small  town  of 
Asiatic  Turkey,  near  the  S.  shore  of  the  Sea  of  Marmora. 
Lat.  40°  20'  N.;  Ion.  27°  50'  E. 

Adinkerke,  i'din-kSa^k^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
West  Flanders,  3  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Fumes.     Pop.  1604. 

Adiron'dack,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Iloricon  township,  60  miles  N.  of  Saratoga  Springs.  It  has 
a  summer  hotel  and  a  tannery. 

Adirondack,  a  village  of  Newcomb  township,  Essex 
CO.,  N.Y.,  100  miles  N.N.W.  of  Albany,  and  near  Lake 
Sanford.  Iron  ore  has  been  mined  and  smelted  here  on  a 
large  scale;  but  the  establishment  has  been  abandoned. 
Here  is  a  summer  hotel  or  inn. 

Adirondack  Mountains,  a  group  of  mountains  in 
Clinton,  Essex,  and  Franklin  counties,  N.Y.,  are  remark- 
able for  grand  and  picturesque  scenery.  This  group  cul- 
minates in  Mount  Marcy,  which  is  in  Essex  co.  and  is  the 
highest  mountain  in  the  state.  Its  altitude  is  5402  feet 
above  the  sea-level.  Among  the  other  peaks  are  Dix's 
Peak,  the  Kipple  Top,  Mount  Clinton,  and  Mount  Macln- 
tyre.  The  foundations  and  central  masses  of  the  Adiron- 
dacks  are  composed  of  granite,  hypersthene,  and  other 
primary  rocks.  They  are  covered  with  forests  of  birch, 
beech,  cedar,  hemlock,  maple,  pine,   &c.      In  this  great 


Adirondack  Wilderness  are  found  a  large  number  of  lakes. 
The  mountains  crowd  so  closely  on  the  shores  of  the  lakes 
that  only  narrow  intervales  are  found  between  the  water  and 
the  steep  side  of  the  mountain.  The  Uudson  and  Saranao 
Rivers  rise  among  the  Adirondacks. 
Adirri,  a  river  of  Guinea.    See  Volta. 

Adjanta,  Adjayanti,  or  Adjunta.    Sec  Ajuntah. 

Adjyghur,  ad-ji-gur',  or  Ajegarh,  A-j^-gar',  a  town 
and  fortress  of  India,  in  Bundolcund,  130  miles  S.W.  of  Alla- 
habad. Pop.  5000.  It  is  the  capital  of  a  petty  native  state 
of  the  same  name,  with  45,000  inhabitants. 

Ad'kins  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  W.  Va., 
about  28  miles  S.  of  Huntington,  and  6  miles  S.E.  of  Wayne 
Court-House.     It  has  several  stores. 

Adier  Kosteletz,  M'l§r  kos't§l-3ts,  a  town  of  Bohemia, 
14  miles  S.E.  of  Koniggratz.     Pop.  3158. 

Adiersberg,  a  mountain  of  the  Tyrol.    See  ARLnEiiG. 

Adlie,  id'lee\  a  town  of  the  principality  of  Bulgaria, 
with  a  pop.  of  about  4000. 

Adlisweil ,  id'lis--*il,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Zurich,  2  miles  S.  of  Zurich.     Pop.  1849. 

Ad'mah,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co..  Neb.,  about 
10  miles  S.E.  of  Hooper. 

Ad'miral  (or  Salt'springs)  Island,  in  the  Gulf  of 
Georgia,  British  Columbia,  is  separated  from  Vancouver 
Island  by  Stuart  Channel  and  Sansum  Narrows.  It  is  about 
14  miles  long,  has  good  lands,  good  ports,  coal-seams,  and 
a  salt  spring. 

Admiralty  Bay,  Alaska.    See  Behbino  Bay. 

Ad'niiralty  In'let,  in  the  N.W.  part  of  the  state  of 
Washington,  connects  Puget  Sound  with  the  Strait  of  Juan 
de  Fuca.  Its  northern  part  is  contiguous  to  the  Gulf  of 
Georgia.  It  separates  the  counties  of  King  and  Snohomish 
on  the  E.  from  Jefi'erson  and  Kitsap  on  the  W.  It  is  navi- 
gable for  the  largest  ships,  and  in  some  places  is  nearly  10 
miles  wide.  The  shores  are  steep,  and  in  many  places  large 
ships  can  ride  close  to  the  land  and  load  without  the  inter- 
vention of  a  dock  or  wharf.    See  Puget  Sound. 

Admiralty  Island,  a  large  island  of  Alaska,  N.E.  of 
Baranoff  Island.  Lat.  67°  30' N. ;  Ion.  134°  15' W.  It  is  90 
miles  long,  well  timbered,  and  inhabited  by  Sitka-kwan  In- 
dians.    Native  copper  and  coal  have  been  obtained  here. 

Admiralty  Islands,  a  cluster  of  islands  in  the  Pacific, 
N.E.  of  Papua,  the  largest,  Basco,  60  miles  in  length,  and 
in  lat.  2°  S.,  Ion.  147°  19'  52"  E.  Discovered  in  1616. 
Since  1885  under  German  protection. 

Admiralty  Sound,  Terra  del  Fuego.  It  extends  in- 
land 43  miles  S.E.,  having  a  width  of  7  miles. 

Admire',  a  post-village  of  Lyon  co.,  Kansas,  15  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Osage  City.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and 
public  schools.     Pop.  200. 

Adobetown,  i-do'be-town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison 
CO.,  Montana,  about  5  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Virginia  City. 

Adoni,  3,-do'nee,  a  town  of  British  India,  presidency 
of  Madras,  4^2  miles  N.E.  of  Bellary. 

Adonis,  a  river  of  Syria.    See  Ibrabeeu. 

Adony,  i-don',  a  town  of  Hungary,  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Danube,  28  miles  S.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  3814. 

Ado'ra,  a  hamlet  of  Montague  co.,  Tex.,  75  miles  from 
Fort  Worth.     It  has  a  church. 

Adoraim,  a  Scripture  name.    See  Tanuirath  Doora. 

Adorf,  i'donf,  the  southernmost  town  of  Saxony,  on  the 
Elster,  29  miles  S.S.W.  of  Zwickau.  Pop.  3133.  It  has 
manufactories  of  cottons,  woollens,  and  musical  instruments. 

Adorp,  i'doRp,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  province 
and  4  miles  N.N.W.  of  Groningen.     Pop.  1370. 

Adou,  an  island  of  India.    See  Addoo. 

Adour,  M^oob'  (anc.  At'urns),  a  river  of  France,  rises 
in  the  Pyrenees,  near  Barreges,  passes  Bagneres-de-Bigorre, 
Tarbes,  St.  Sever,  and  Da.\,  where  it  becomes  navigable,  and, 
after  a  course  of  200  miles,  falls  into  the  Bay  of  Biscay  N.  of 
Bayonne.   Affluents,  Midouze,  Gabas,  Luy,  and  Gave  de  Pau, 

Adowa,  or  Adova,  i'do--6-4,  a  town  of  Abyssinia, 
capital  of  Tigr6,  at  the  foot  of  a  hill,  145  miles  N.E.  of 
Gondar.  Lat.  14°  12'  N. ;  Ion.  39°  6'  E.  Pop.  10,000.  It 
is  regularly  laid  out.  It  has  manufactories  of  cotton  and 
woollen  cloths,  and  is  the  chief  entrepSt  of  trade  between 
the  interior  of  Tigre  and  the  coast. 

Ad'par,  a  town  of  Wales,  county  of  Cardigan,  on  the 
Teify,  opposite  Newcastle-in-Emlyn,  SJ  miles  E.S.E.  of  Car- 
digan. Pop.  1473.  Adi)ar  unites  with  Cardigan,  Aberyst- 
with,  &e.,  in  sending  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons, 

Adra,  i'orS,  (anc.  Abde'ra),  a  town  and  seaport  of 
Spain,  in  Andalusia,  60  miles  S.E.  of  Granada,  on  the  Medi- 
terranean.    Pop.  6524,  chiefly  employed  in  lead-mining. 

Adramyti,  i'dri-mee'tee  (anc.  Adramyt'itum),  a  town 
and  seaport  of  Asia  Minor,  4  miles  from  the  head  of  the 


ADR 


436 


JEO 


Gulf  of  Adrainytl,  and  83  milea  N.  of  Smyrn*.  Pop.  4000. 
It  oxiiorts  ulives,  wool,  and  f^all-nuU. 

Atlranos,  id'i>-noB\  or  Ud'renosS  an  ancient  town 
of  Turkey  in  Asia,  on  a  rivor  of  the  eamo  name,  10  miles 
B.W.  of  6lymiiu»,  nnd  136  uiiloa  N.N.K.  of  Smyrna.  It  is 
now  in  ruins,  out  these  are  of  a  very  imposing  character. 

Adrauum,  an  ancient  town  of  Bioily.    See  Adbrxo. 

AdrAr,  AMrar',  or  AderAr*  iM^-rar*  (•'.«.,  "mounUin" 
in  the  Berber  Innf^uage),  a  large  oasis  of  the  Sahara,  3  days' 
journey  N.W.  of  Timbuotoo.  It  produces  salt,  dates,  grain, 
iind  melons.  Chief  towns,  Wadftn,  Wcooft,  Shinghoti,  and 
Atar.     Permanent  pop.  7000.    See  also  Adkrar. 

Adrara,  &-dr4'rA,  a  village  of  Italy,  14  milea  E.  of 
llcrgamo,  with  an  ancient  castle.     Pop.  19C3. 

Adria,  an  ancient  name  of  the  Auriatic  Sba. 

Adriu,  4'dre-i  (anc.  Jfa'dn'a,  Ha'tria,  or  A'tria),  a 
town  of  Italy,  between  the  Po  and  the  Adige,  16  miles  E.  of 
Uovigo.  Pop.  14,138.  It  has  remains  of  fine  edifices,  and 
was  anciently  a  seaport  of  such  consequence  as  to  give  its 
name  to  the  Adriatic,  from  whioh  it  is  now  17  miles  distant. 
Adria  is  the  see  of  a  bishop. 

Ad^riamputnam',  a  maritime  town  of  British  India, 
presidency  of  Madras,  district  and  34  miles  S.E.  of  Tanjore. 

Adrian,  a'dre-^n,  a  small  post-village  of  Hancock  co., 
III.,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  24  miles 
S.  of  Burlington,  Iowa.     It  has  a  church  and  3  stores. 

Adrian,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  is 
near  the  Kaisin  River,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore  <fc  Michigan 
Southern  Railroad,  73  miles  W.S.W.  of  Detroit,  211  miles 
E.  of  Chicago,  and  83  miles  by  railroad  S.S.E.  of  Lansing. 
A  branch  railroad,  46  miles  long,  extends  from  Adrian  to 
Jackson.  Here  is  Adrian  College,  which  was  founded  in 
1858,  and  is  under  the  direr^ion  of  the  Protestant  Method- 
ists. Adrian  contains  an  opera-house,  4  banks,  11  churches, 
a  high  school,  several  foundries  nnd  flouring-mills,  2  planing- 
mills,  and  manufactures  of  railroad  cars,  machinery,  car- 
riages, furniture,  car-trimmings,  Ac.  A  daily  and  3  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  9239. 

Adrian,  a  post-village  of  Nobles  co.,  Minn.,  19  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Worlhington.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a 
creamery,  a  flouring-mill,  <fec.     Pop.  (1890)  671. 

Adrian,  a  post-village  of  Bates  co.,  Mo.,  29  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Kansas  City.  It  has  4  churches,  2  newspaper 
ofiSces,  a  bank,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  613. 

Adrian,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Canisteo 
township,  on  the  New  York  A  Erie  Railroad,  32  miles  W. 
of  Corning,  and  65  miles  S.  of  Rochester.     It  has  a  church. 

Adrian,  a  post-village  of  Seneca  co.,  0.,  in  Big  Spring 
township,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Sandusky  &  Cleveland  Rail- 
road, 45  miles  S.W.  of  Sandusky  City,  and  19  miles  from 
Tiffin.     It  has  3  churches  and  1  flour-mill.     Pop.  257. 

Adrian,  a  post-office  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa.,  at  Mont- 
gomeryville,  about  7  miles  N.  of  Kittanning. 

Adrian,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  681. 

A'driancc,  a  station  on  the  Clove  Branch  of  the  Dutch- 
ess <fc  Columbia  Railroad,  in  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  15  miles 
N.E.  of  Dutchess  Junction, 

Adrianople,  ad-re-an-6'p'l,  or  Adrinople  (Turkish, 
Edrcneh,  dd'r^-n^h;  anc.  Adrianop'olis  or  Hadrimwp'- 
oli»  ;  French,  Andriiiople,  ftNo'dri^nftp'I'),  a  city  of  European 
Turkey,  province  of  Adrianople,  built  partly  on  a  hill  and 
partly  on  the  banks  of  the  Toonja,  near  its  confluence  with 
the  Maritza,  137  miles  N.W.  of  Constantinople.  Lat.  41°  41' 
20"  N.;  Ion.  26°  35'  41"  E.  Pop.  150,000.  It  is  connected 
by  railways  with  Constantinople,  Dedeagatch,  Yamboli,  and 
Sarembcy.  It  is  considered  as  the  second  capital  of  the  em- 
pire. It  has  an  arsenal,  a  cannon-foundry,  and  numerous 
caravansaries  and  bazaars.  The  mosque  of  the  Sultan  Selim 
is  a  splendid  structure,  with  four  lofty  minarets  and  a  rich 
interior.  It  is  considered  the  finest  Moslem  temple  extant. 
The  aqueduct  which  supplies  the  city  is  also  a  noble  structure. 
Adriiinopio  is  the  see  of  a  Greek  bishop.  On  the  right  bank  of 
the  Toonja,  whioh  is  crossed  by  a  fine  stone  bridge,  is  the  site 
of  the  Eski-Serai,  the  old  palace  of  the  sultans  (reported  to 
have  been  burned  by  the  Russians  in  1878).  Adrianople 
possesses  manufactories  of  silks,  woollens,  and  linens,  has 
dye-works  and  tanneries,  and  an  active  commerce  in  man- 
ufactured goods,  tobacco,  wool,  attar  of  roses,  and  grain. 
Adrianople  was  the  capital  of  the  Ottoman  empire  from 
1 366  to  1453.  Hadrianopolis  was  founded  by  the  Emperor 
Hadrian. 

Ad  rianople,  a  vilayet  or  province  of  European  Turkey, 
bordering  on  the  IBIack  and  Mgoan  Seas  and  the  Sea  of  Mar- 
mora. Area,  9567  square  miles.  Capital,  Adrianople.  Pop. 
(excluding  Constantinople,  which  has  a  separate  govern- 
mental organization),  1,349,894. 

Adriatic,  ad're-at'ic  (anc.  A'dria  and  Ma're  Adriat'- 


icum;  It.  ilfare  i4(/ri'a(ico,  m&'ri  &-dre-&'te-ko,*  Qer.  Adri' 
ali^ehet  Meet,  A-dre-A'tish-fS  main ;  Fr.  Mer  Adriulique, 
maia  4Mrc*A'teek'),  or  Gulf  of  Venice,  an  arm  of  the 

Muditernmcan,  extending  from  lat.  40°  to  45°  46'  N.,  be- 
tween   Italy,  lllyria,  and   Albania.      Length,  600  miles; 
mean  breadth,  100  miles.    It  is  nnme<l  from  the  city  Adria, 
and  forms  on  the  W.  the  Gulf  of  Manfredonia.    The  name  ! 
Gulf  of  Venice  is  more  properly  given  to  the  N.W.  part. 
On  the  E.  are  the  Gulfs  of  Triest,  Fiume,  and  Cuttaro,  ot  I 
the  coast  of  Austria,  and  of  Drin,  in  Albania.    The  shores  i 
are  generally  low  on  the  Venetian  side,  and  are  covered  \ 
with  unwholesome  marshes.     On  the  Dalmatian  side  the  : 
waves  dash  against  enormous  rocks  and  itilands  which  en-  . 
viron  the  coast,  affording  to  vessels  a  secure  retreat  from  i 
storms.     During  summer  navigation  is  safe,  but  in  winter  | 
the  S.E.  winds  cause  much  destruction.     The  Adriatic  re-  1 
ceives  few  rivers  of  importance,  except  the  Adigo  and  the  ; 
Po.     Its  depth,  between  Dalmatia  and  the  mouths  of  the  I 
Po,  is  22  fathoms ;  but  a  large  part  of  the  Gulf  of  Triest,  ■ 
and  of  the  Adriatic,  oj>po8ite  Venice,  is  less  than  12  fathoms  i 
deep.     Farther  to  the  S.,  where  it  is  loss  aflected  by  the  ' 
influx  of  rivers,  the  gulf  deepens.     It  has  little  percc]itiblo  ' 
tide,  except  at  Venice,  where  there  is  a  rise  of  a  few  feet;  : 
and  in  the  narrows  at  its  entrance,  where  the  ebb  and  flow  I 
is  well  marked.    There  can  be  little  doubt  that  its  original  ' 
depth  was  much  greater  than  it  is  now,  as  was  also  its  ex-  I 
tent,  the  former  being  affected  by  the  deposits,  which  are 
rapidly  accumulating  at  the  bottom,  and  tlie  latter  by  the 
alluvial  tracts  forming  along  its  borders.     On  the  W.  coast 
a  series  of  lagoons,  formed  by  long  lines  of  sand-bar.«,  are 
rapidly  filling  up  and  being  converted  into  meadows  by 
mud  brought  down  by  the  streams.     Between  the  N.  point 
of  the  Gulf  of  Triest  down  to  the  S.  of  Ravenna  there  is  an 
uninterrupted  series  of  accessions  of  land  more  than  100 
miles  in  length,  which  within  the  last  2000  years  have  in- 
creased from  2  to  20  miles  in  breadth.     The  mean  rate  of 
advance  of  the  delta  of  the  Po  on  the  Adriatic,  between  the 
years  1200  and  1000,  was  about  27  yards  a  year:  the  meaji 
annual  gain,  from  1600  to  1804,  was  76  yards,  and  at  present 
it  exceeds  200  feet. 

Adriers,  iMree^ain',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Vienne,  5  miles  E.N.E.  of  L'Isle-Jourdain.     Pop.  1762. 

Adro,  &'dro,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  12  miia 
W.N.W.  of  Brescia.     Pop.  2392.  f 

Ad  Statuas,  an  ancient  town  of  Spain.    See  Oliva.  *'' 

Adu'lis,  Adule,  i-doo'leh,  or  Zulia,  zool'IS,,  the  ruini 
of  an  ancient  town  of  Abyssinia,  near  the  head  of  Anncslejr 
Bay,  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  Red  Sea,  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  A» 
keeko.     Lat.  15°  15' N.;  Ion.  39°  55' E.  h 

Aduncum,  a  town  of  ancient  Italy.    See  Doxco.       * 

Adur,  i'dur,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Sussex,  flows  S^ 
and  enters  the  English  Channel  at  Shoreham.  " 

Aduskeiia,  a  town  of  Servia.     See  OnsovA.  v 

Ad  Valles,  a  town  of  ancient  Italy.    See  Vallt.      * 

Advance',  a  post  village  of  Boone  co.,  Ind.,  on  tqH 
Midland  Railway,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Lebanon.     Pop.  200^ 

Advance,  a  post-village  of  Charlevoix  co.,  Mich.,  m 
Eveline  township,  on  Pine  Lake,  about  16  miles  S.AV.  di 
Petoskey.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  lumber-mill,  and  2  storeii 
Pop.  200.  '^ 

Advance,  a  post-village  of  Stoddard  co.,  Mo.,  26  milei 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Cape  Girardeau.     Pop.  150. 

Advance,  a  post- village  of  Davie  co.,  N.C.,  in  Fulton 
township,  14  miles  from  Lexington.  It  has  a  church  and  p 
tobacco-factory. 

Advance,  a  post-hamlct  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.,  in  Wash- 
ington township,  10  miles  N.  of  Indiana.     It  has  a  churc^. 

Adven'ture  Bay,  a  large  bay  in  Brune  Island,  off  tM 
S.E.  coast  of  Tasmania.     It  is  well  sheltered.  ,, 

Adven'ture  Sound  and  Har'bor,  E.  of  Falkland 
Islands.  The  former  is  20  miles  in  length,  and  from  3  to  4 
miles  in  breadth.    The  latter  is  in  the  S.  part  of  the  sound. 

Ad'vocate  Har'bor,  a  seaport  in  Cumberland  co^' 
Nova  Scotia,  on  Minas  Channel,  33  miles  W.  of  Parrtr 
borough.  The  harbor  is  safe  and  commodious.  At  CajW 
d'Or,  near  here,  there  are  copper-mines.     Pop.  600. 

Adyeville,  ad'e-vil,  a  post- village  of  Perry  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Clark  township,  16  miles  N.  of  Troy.  It  is  on  Andersoil 
River.  It  has  1  church,  a  cigar-factorj',  a  tobacco-factorn 
a  grist-mill,  a  lumber-mill,  and  40  houses.  y', 

.£dui  Lugdunenses.    See  Lyon.nois. 

iS^dui  Matisconnenses.    See  Maconnois. 

i£gabrnm,  an  ancient  name  of  Cabua. 

.il^gades,  ee'ga-d^z,  a  group  of  islands  off  the  W.  coott 
of  Sicily,  from  15  to  35  miles  W.  of  Trapani,  the  principal 
being  Favignana,  Levanzo,  and  Maritime.  ji 

.^gse,  the  ancient  name  of  AiAS.  ^^' 


MOt 


437 


AFG 


^gean  (e-jee'an)  Sea,  or  Gre'cian  Archipel'ago, 

that  part  of  the  Mediterranean  lying  between  Asia  Minor  on 
the  E.,  Greece  and  part  of  Turkey  on  the  W.,  and  the  latter 
country  on  the  N.  Its  length,  from  N.  to  S.,  is  about  400 
miles;  its  breadth,  generally,  upwards  of  200,  excepting  at 
Cape  Doro,  at  the  S.  extremity  of  the  island  of  Euboea,  where 
it  narrows  to  90  miles,  but  afterwards  widens  to  nearly  its 
former  width.  Its  depth  is  very  great,  there  being,  in  many 
places,  at  less  than  a  mile  from  the  shore,  no  bottom  to  be 
found  with  a  200-fathom  line.  It  contains  numerous  islands, 
many  of  which  are  of  volcanic  origin;  others  are  composed 
entirely  of  pure  white  marble,  their  mountain  elevations 
having  an  average  height  of  from  1500  to  1800  feet. 

jEgericus,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  the  Gers. 

JKgidsL,  an  ancient  name  of  Capo  d'Istiiia. 

yl\!gilia,  the  ancient  name  of  CEniGOTTO. 

/I'^giua,  £gina,  o-ji'na,  or  Engia,  en'je-a,  an  island 
of  Greece,  in  the  Gulf  of  jEgina  {Saron'tcua  Si'niia),  16  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Athens.  Lat.  of  Mount  St.  Elias,  on  the  S.  part, 
37°  41'  9"  N.;  Ion.  23°  30'  E.  The  island  is  8  miles  in 
length,  and  about  the  same  in  breadth.  It  was  anciently 
celebrated  for  the  splendor  of  its  buildings,  among  wliich 
was  the  temple  of  Jupiter,  on  Mount  St.  Elias.    Pop.  6000. 

i£gina,  a  town  of  Greece,  on  the  island  of  Jilgina.  For 
lome  time  it  was  the  residence  of  the  Greek  senate  and  gov- 
ernor.    Pop.  about  3000. 

ili^gium,  the  ancient  name  of  Vostizza. 

Acglesberg,  an  ancient  name  of  Aylesbuht. 

yKgusa,  the  ancient  name  of  Favignana  and  Linosa. 

Aegypten,  iEgyptus.     See  Egypt. 

iiigyra,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Xilo-Casteon. 

/Eioi)olis,  a  town  of  Asia.     See  Hit. 

Aeltere,  ill't^-r^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  on  the  railway 
from  Ghent  to  Bruges,  12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ghent.  Pop. 
6680. 

yEinilia,  an  Italian  province.     See  Emilia. 

^Kmilianum,  the  ancient  name  of  Millau. 

/l^mona,  the  ancient  name  of  Laybach. 

/Enaria,  an  ancient  name  of  Iscuia. 

Aeng-Ava,  an  ancient  name  of  Ava. 

iEiiii)ons,  the  ancient  name  of  IxxspntrcK. 

iEiiona,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Nona. 

yEnos,  the  ancient  name  of  Exos. 

iEiiusses.    See  Spalmadoue  Islands. 

yEoliae  Insulae.    See  Lipari  Islands. 

/Eolus,  Mount.    See  Mount  J5olus. 

Aernen,  aiu'nen,  a  village  of  Switzerlar^d,  canton  of 
Valais,  on  the  Rhone,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Brieg.   Pop.  374. 

Aeroe,  i'ro^^h,  written  also  Arroe,  an  islaud  of  Den- 
mark, in  the  Baltic,  10  miles  S.  of  Funen,  14  milcain  length 
by  5  miles  in  mean  breadth.     Pop.  11,776. 

Acroeskiobing,  A'ro-os-kyo'bing  (i.e.,  the  "mart  of 
Aeroe"),  a  town  and  seaport,  capital  of  the  above  island,  on 
the  N.E.  side.     Pop.  1583. 

Aerschot,  or  Aarschot,  ^n'skot,  a  town  of  Belgium, 
province  of  South  Brabant,  at  an  important  railway  junction, 
2:!  miles  N.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  4500. 

Aerseele,  ^u'si-leh,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flan- 
ders, 15  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Courtrai.     Pop.  3050. 

Aertrycke,  S.u'tri-k§h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Flanders,  S  miles  S.W.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  3175. 

Aerzen,  aint's^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  5  miles 
S.W.  of  Ilameln.     It  has  powder-works.     Pop.  1453. 

Aesch,  ish,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Basel- 
land,  6  miles  S.  of  Basel.     Pop.  1368. 

jEsernia,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Isernia. 

/Esis,  the  ancient  name  of  Iesi. 

/Estuarium  Vavaris.    See  Moray  Firth. 

/Ethalia,  the  ancient  name  of  Elba. 

^Ethiopia,  the  Latin  name  of  Ethiopia. 

iEthusa,  an  ancient  name  of  Favignana. 

tEtna,  a  volcano  of  Sicily.    See  Etna. 

^tna,  et'na,  a  township  of  Logan  co..  III.  Pop.  920. 
It  contains  Chestnut. 

iEtna,  a  township  of  Mecosta  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  1122.  It 
contains  part  of  Morley. 

/Etna,  a  post-hamlet  of  Newaygo  co.,  Mich.,  in  Denver 
township,  on  White  River,  about  45  miles  N.  by  AV.  from 
Grand  Rapids.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  lumber-mill.  Pop.  75. 

.<Etna  Mills,  Massachusetts.    See  Bemis  Station. 

iEtolia,  e-to'le-a,  a  district  of  Greece,  on  the  continent, 
between  lat.  38°  17'  and  38°  50'  N.,  and  Ion.  21°  10'  and 
22°  5'  E.,  forming  with  Acarnania  one  of  the  governments 
of  the  kingdom.  It  is  mostly  mountainous,  but  along  the 
Corinthian  gulf  barley,  rye,  and  olives  are  raised.  Chief 
river,  the  Phidaris.  Capital  of  the  government,  Missolonghi. 

■ — Adj.  and  inhab.  ^toman,  e-to'le-an. 


iEtol'ikon,  or  Anatol'iko,  a  town  of  Greece,  6  miles 
N.W.  of  Missolonghi,  on  an  island  in  a  lagoon.     Pop.  2964. 

Afar,  S.^far',  or  Danakil,  dd-nS,'keeI,  a  nomadic  people 
of  Eastern  Africa,  inhabitating  the  regions  known  as  Dan- 
kali,  Adal,  and  Adel.  They  are  of  many  tribes,  and  are  a 
finely-formed,  warlike  race,  with  crisped  hair  and  nearly 
black  complexion.     They  are  Mohammedans. 

Affoltern,  ^f-fol'tern,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
of  Bern,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Bern.  Pop.  1061.  Gross- Affoltern, 
in  the  same  canton,  has  1594  pop. 

Affoltern,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Zurich, 
4  miles  N.N.W.  of  Zurich.     Pop.  2020. 

Afghanistan,  if-gdnHs-tdn'  ("Afghan-land"  or  "Af- 
ghan-country"), an  inland  country  of  Asia,  lying  between  lat. 
28°  50'  and  36°  30'  N.,  and  Ion.  62°  and  72°  30'  E.,  having 
E.  the  Punjab,  S.  Bhawlpoor,  Sinde,  and  Bcloochistan,  W. 
the  Persian  dominions,  and  N.  Toorkistan,  of  which  it  in- 
cludes a  part.  Area  estimated  at  225,000  square  miles,  and 
the  population  at  about  5,000,000.  From  the  table-land  in 
the  N.,  varying  from  15,000  to  16,000  feet  in  height  (the 
highest  part  being  the  Hindoo-Koosh,  20,493  feet),  many 
mountain-ranges  proceed  to  the  S.,  E.,  and  W.  Although  by 
far  the  greater  portion  of  Afghanist.an  is  a  land  of  deserts  and 
mountains,  of  inhospitable  character,  there  are  many  fertile 
valleys,  well  watered,  covered  with  clover,  thyme,  violets, 
and  odoriferous  plants,  and  remarkable  for  their  picturesque 
beauty.  In  these  spots  grain  is  grown  in  abundance,  and 
fruits  of  all  kinds  abound,  including  oranges,  grapes,  pome- 
granates, apricots,  apples,  quinces,  peaches,  pears,  pluma, 
almonds,  and  walnuts.  The  most  extensive  of  these  valleys 
or  plains  are  those  of  Cabool  and  Pcshawor ;  but  there  is  also 
an  exceedingly  rich  level  tract  in  the  vicinity  of  Herat.  A 
groat  part  of  Seistan,  in  the  S.W.  part,  is  a  mere  desert,  as  is 
likewise  a  large  portion  of  the  adjacent  country,  extending 
over  a  space  of  aloout  300  miles  in  length  by  100  in  breadth. 

The  climate  is  various,  the  cold  being  often  severe  in  the 
higher  regions,  and  the  heat  intense  in  the  lower.  The  sum- 
mits of  the  mountains  are  often  covered  with  snow,  while  the 
summer  heat  of  the  plains  is  almost  intolerable.  Sebee,  in 
lat.  29°  20'  N.  and  Ion.  67°  58'  E.,  is  regarded  as  the  hot- 
test place  in  the  territory.  It  is  also  extremely  hot,  in  the 
summer,  at  Candahar,  the  thermometer  being  frequently 
above  110°  in  the  shade;  while  in  winter  the  inhabitants 
sufier  from  cold,  fuel  being  extremely  scarce.  At  Cabool 
the  snow  lies  for  several  months  together,  during  which  the 
people  remain  in  their  houses  and  sleep  close  to  the  stoves, 
the  thermometer  falling  to  5°  or  6°  below  zero.  The 
prevailing  winds  are  from  the  west,  and  are  in  general 
cold ;  the  easterly  winds  are  hot.  The  climate,  on  the 
whole,  however,  is  favorable  to  the  human  constitution,  and 
in  some  parts  highly  salubrious :  diseases  are  few ;  the 
principal  are  fevers,  agues,  smallpox,  and  ophthalmia. 

Afghanistan  is  a  sort  of  feudal  monarchy,  the  crown  being 
hereditary.  It  is  now  divided  into  four  principal  parts  :  1, 
Caboolistan,  or  Afghanistan  proper,  in  the  N.E.,  governed  by 
an  ameer  or  khan,  subsidized  by  the  British,  and  recognized 
by  them  as  sovereign  of  Afghanistan ;  2,  Eastern  Khorassan, 
or  the  kingdom  of  Herat,  which  is  under  an  Afghan  prince; 
3,  Khoondooz  and  Balkh,  with  Khooloom  and  the  Four  Do- 
mains, on  the  N.,  long  regarded  as  a  part  of  Toorkistan,  but 
now  subject  to  tho  Afghan  power;  4,  the  Helmund  basin, 
of  which  the  E.  part  is  called  Candahar,  and  the  W.  Seis- 
tan ;  but  a  part  of  Seistan  is  not  under  the  Afghan  sway. 

The  chief  rivers  are  the  Cabool,  Helmund,  Gomul,  Lora, 
Ac,  but  none  is  of  great  size.  The  morass  Hamoon,  in  the 
S.W.,  scarcely  belongs  to  Afghanistan :  the  only  lake  of 
consequence  is  that  of  Abistada.  The  vegetation  in  tho 
lowlands  is  like  that  of  India;  rice,  cotton,  the  sugar-cane, 
millet,  maize,  and  turmeric  are  raised.  In  the  uplands,  tho 
timber-trees,  herbs,  and  fruits  of  Europe  grow,  and  wheat, 
barley,  beans,  turnips,  mustard,  and  grasses  are  cultivated. 
Cabool  excels  in  the  variety  and  excellence  of  its  fruits.  To- 
bacco is  extensively  produced.  Gold,  silver,  mercury,  iron, 
lead,  copper,  antimony,  coal,  sulphur,  and  naphtha  are  met 
with.  Arts  and  husbandry  are  in  a  very  low  condition ; 
carpets  are  made  at  Herat,  but  other  manufactures  are  few, 
mostly  confined  to  cotton,  woollen,  felt,  and  silk  stuSs  for 
home  use,  with  saddlery,  harness,  and  cattle-trappings.  Sheep 
and  goats  are  abundant,  producing  a  fine  wool,  used  in  the 
manufacture  of  shawls.  Imports,  coarse  cottons,  indigo, 
muslins,  silks,  and  brocade,  ivory,  wax,  sandal-wood,  sugar, 
and  spices,  from  India ;  horses,  gold  and  silver,  and  cloth, 
from  Toorkistan  ;  silks,  cotton,  and  embroidery,  from  Persia ; 
slaves,  from  Arabia  and  Abyssinia;  silks,  tea,  porcelain, 
dyes,  and  precious  metals,  overland  from  China ;  and  dates 
and  cocoanuts,  from  Bcloochistan.  The  exports  consist  of 
madder,  assafoetida,  tobacco,  fruits,  and  horses,  with  fure, 


ATI 


m^ 


APR 


•bawld,  and  wool,  to  India;  ibatrls,  turbnnt,  indigo,  itnd 
other  Indian  produoe,  to  Toorlcistan ;  and  th«  eame  articles, 
with  Herat  carpet*,  to  Persia.  The  transit  trade  is  oon- 
■iderable,  and  wholly  conducted  by  moans  of  camels  and 
horses,  the  employment  of  whceloil  veliiclos  being  impracti- 
cable. The  population  comprlKos  Hcloochccs,  Ooubccljs,  Hu- 
sarebs,  Kimauks,  Persians,  and  Hindoos ;  bat  the  great  mass 
are  of  the  Afghan  race,  and  Mohammedans  of  the  Soonite 
sect  They  are  classed  as  Indo-Europcnns,  and  speak  the 
Pucbtoo  language,  which  is  so  harsh  that  Mohammed  called 
it  "  the  langnagfi  of  hell."  There  are  numerous  other  lan- 
guages fpokcn.  Perhaps  no  people  in  the  world  are  more 
turbulent  or  more  impatient  of  restraint  than  those  of  Af- 
ghanistan. Chief  cities,  Cabool,  Candahar,  Herat,  Peshawer, 

Jelalabad,   and    Qhusnce. 'Adj.   and    inhab.  Afghan, 

&f-gln'  or  &f-ghaun'. 

Afioom,  Afloum,  AAum,  &-fe-oom^,  or  Aflnm- 
Knrnhiasnr,  k4*ri'his-saK'  ("Black  Castle  of  Opium"),  a 
city  of  Asia  Minor,  50  miles  S.S.E.  of  Kutaieti.  Pop. 
about  20,U00.  It  is  pretty  well  built;  has  a  citadel  crown- 
ing a  lofty  rock,  numerous  mosques,  chapels,  baths,  khans, 
manufactures  of  felts,  carpets,  arms,  saddlery,  stirrups,  and 
a  large  trade  in  opium,  grown  near  it,  whence  its  name. 
Afloom  is  the  soat  of  nn  Armenian  bishop. 

AflfVJ)  i^flij',  a  small  hilly  Wnhabeo  district  of  Nedjcd,  in 
Arabia,  S.W.  of  Aared.    Pop.  16,000.    Chief  town,  Kharfah. 

Allenz,  &f  l^nts,  a  village  of  Styria  (Austria),  has  mar- 
ble-quarries.    Pop.  2645. 

Albgnak,  &-fug-n&k',  an  inhabited  island  off  the  coast 
of  Alaska,  N.  of  Kadiak,  and  separated  from  the  mainland 
by  Shelikoff  Strait. 

Afragola,  l-fr4-go'14,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  6 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Naples.  Pop.  of  commune,  17,899.  It  ha« 
extensive  manufactures  of  straw  bonnets. 

Africa,  aPre-ka  (Gr.  Lib'ya ;  Fr.  Afriqxte,  i'freek'; 
Ger.  A/rika,  i'fre-ki ;  It.,  Sp.,  and  Port.,  Africa,  fl,'fre-ki), 
a  continent  and  vast  peninsula  connected  with  Asia  by  the 
Isthmus  of  Suez.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Mediter- 
ranean, on  the  E.  by  the  Red  Sea  and  the  Indian  Ocean, 
on  the  S.  by  the  Southern  Ocean,  on  the  W.  and  S.W. 
by  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  It  lies  between  lat.  37°  20'  N. 
and  35°  S.,  and  between  51°  22'  E.  Ion.  and  17°  33'  W., 
being  about  5000  miles  in  length  from  Cape  Blanco  to  Cape 
Agulhas,  which  is  tho  most  southern  point.  Its  greatest 
breadth  is  nearly  4800  miles,  from  Capo  Guardafui,  or  Has 
Jerdaffoon,  which  is  the  most  eastern  point,  to  Cape  Verd, 
which  is  the  western  extremity.  The  area  is  estimated  at 
11,500,000  square  miles.  Tho  coast-line,  which  measures 
about  16,000  miles,  is  less  indented  than  those  of  the  other 
continents,  and  presents  few  good  harbors  and  no  great 
gulfs  or  inlets  except  the  Gulf  of  Guinea,  which  is  only  a 
gradual  bend  or  trending  of  the  shore.  The  civilization  of 
Africa  has  been  retarded  by  this  compact  configuration, 
which  offers  no  facilities  for  penetrating  into  tho  interior 
by  navigable  waters.  Africa  is  nearly  all  in  the  torrid  zone, 
and  is  the  warmest  of  all  the  continents.  The  most  impor- 
tant capes  have  been  mentioned  above,  except  the  Cape  of 
Good  Hope,  which  is  near  the  southern  extremity. 

Face  of  the  Countri/. — Among  the  remarkable  physical 
features  of  Africa  is  the  desert  of  Sahara,  the  largest  in  the 
world,  extending  from  Nubia,  or  the  Nile,  to  the  Atlantic 
Ocean.  It  is  about  3000  miles  long,  several  hundred  miles 
wide,  and  has  an  area  of  about  2,000,000  square  miles.  The 
Sahara  is  not,  however,  a  monotonous  plain  or  an  immense 
expanse  of  sand.  Its  uniformity  is  broken  by  high  table- 
lands, rocky  hills,  wadys  or  ravines,  and  fertile  oases.  The 
rocks  found  near  the  surface  are  mostly  granite  and  sand- 
stone. The  barrenness  of  the  soil  is  caused  by  the  absence 
of  rain.  (See  Sahara.)  The  principal  oases  of  this  desert 
are  those  of  Asben,  Fezzan,  and  Scewah.  Between  the  Sa- 
hara and  the  northwest  coast  are  the  fertile  and  well-watered 
countries  of  Algeria  and  Morocco.  In  central  Africa,  be- 
tween the  Sahara  and  the  equator,  is  a  vast  table-land, 
rising  by  successive  terraces  from  the  coast  to  the  interior. 
The  general  elevation  of  this  table-land  is  estimated  at 
about  4000  feet  above  the  sea,  but  its  surface  presents  great 
inequalities,  from  the  depressions  which  are  occupied  by  the 
great  lakes,  to  the  high  mountains  which  rise  above  its 
level.  A  large  part  of  equatorial  Africa  has  lately  been 
drawn  from  its  obscurity,  showing  a  country  of  unexcelled 
fertility.  The  sources  of  the  Nile  and  Congo  Rivers  have 
been  approached  though  not  definitely  fixed.  The  prin- 
cipal groups  or  systems  of  mountains  are  the  Atlas,  in  the 
northwest;  the  Abyssinian  Mountains;  the  Mountains  of 
Kong,  between  Guinea  and  the  basin  of  the  Joliba;  a 
range  called  Lupata,  which  is  the  east  escarpment  of  the 
plateau  of  Soath  Africa;  a  system  of  equatorial  mountains 


onlminating  in  Mounts  Kilima-Njaro  and  Kcnin,  ooreraj 
with  perpetual  snow, — these  are  sometimes  called  Mountain!' 
of  the  Moon;  the Camcroons  Mountains,  near  tho  Gulf  of 
Guinea;  the  Sierra  Maxengo,  which  extends  northwnid' 
from  the  16th  parallel  of  south  latitude,  and  is  snpj)oscd  to 
rise  17,000  feet  above  the  sea.  The  highest  mountain  that 
has  been  discovered  on  this  continent  is  Kilima-Njaro  (lat, 
3°  40'  8.,  Ion.  37°  16'  E.),  the  height  of  which  is  estimated' 
at  18,716  feet  (some  say  20,000)  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 
Mount  Kenia,  which  is  about  lat.  1°  S.,  is  computed  to  bo 
18,000  feet  high.  Mount  Abba-Yared,  a  peak  of  the  Abys- 
sinian Mountains,  is  estimated  at  16,000  feet.  The  highest' 
peak  of  the  Atlas  group  is  Mount  Miltseen  (or  Miltsin),' 
11,400  feet.  Among  the  remarkable  volcanoes  are  tho 
Cameroons  Mountainsjon  the  coast  of  the  Gulf  of  Guinea, 
the  highest  peak  of  which  is  13,700  feet  above  the  sea-level, 
Africa  appears  to  be  less  disturbed  by  volcanic  action  and 
earthquakes  than  the  other  continents. 

Jiivert  and  ZnA-e*.— Compared  with  America  and  Asia^ 
this  continent  is  deficient  in  great  navigable  rivers.  The' 
capabilities  of  the  African  rivers  as  avenues  of  approach  to ' 
the  interior  are  compamtivcly  small,  most  of  them  being 
either  obstructed  by  sand-bars  at  the  mouths  or  by  riipids 
and  cataracts  at  no  great  distance  from  the  coast.  There 
are  two  large  areas  of  continental  drainage  from  which  no' 
water  flows  directly  to  the  ocean.  The  principal  rivers  are' 
the  Nile,  the  Joliba,  Quorra,  or  Niger,  the  Senegal,  the 
Congo  or  Zaire,  the  Zambezi  or  Quilimane,  the  Juba,  tho 
Limpopo,  the  Orange  or  Gareep,  the  Atbarn,  the  Blue  Nile 
(Bahr-el-Azrek),  the  Gambia,  the  Rio  Grande,  and  the 
Shari.  In  Northern  Africa  there  is  an  area  of  about 
4,000,000  square  miles,  extending  from  the  Nile  valley  to 
the  Atlantic,  from  which  not  a  single  river  finds  its  way  to 
the  ocean.  The  Nile  (Bahr-el-Abiad)  rises  near  the  equa- 
tor among  high  mountains,  issues  from  a  largo  lake  called 
Albert  Nyanza,  flows  northward  through  Sennaar,  Nubia, 
and  Egypt,  and  enters  tho  Mediterranean  after  a  course  of 
about  3500  miles.  The  Nile  is  the  oldest  of  historical  rivers, 
and  yet  its  origin  remained  a  mystery  or  secret  almost  to 
the  present  day.  (See  Nile.)  "  Among  African  rivers," 
says  Sir  John  Herschel,  "  the  Nile  is  the  only  conspicuoui 
one,  and  is  in  many  respects  the  most  remarkable  river  in 
the  world, — as  the  scat  of  the  earliest  civilization,  as  a  per- 
petual witness  to  the  stability  of  those  great  natural  arrange- 
ments by  which  the  wants  of  one  region  are  supplied  by 
the  superfluities  of  another,  and  as  a  geological  chronometer 
by  which  some  insight  may  be  obtained  into  the  duration 
of  the  existing  order  of  things  antecedent  to  history." 
(Physical  Geography.)  The  greatest  rivers  of  Western 
Africa  are  the  Joliba  (Niger),  which  enters  the  Gulf  of 
Guinea  through  the  Bight  of  Benin,  and  the  Congo,  which 
enters  the  South  Atlantic  Ocean.  Among  the  large  lakes  of 
Africa  are  the  Chad  or  Tsad,  which  is  in  Borneo  or  Soodan, 
under  lat.  14°  N.,  and  is  about  200  miles  long;  Albert  Ny- 
anza, under  the  equator,  about  150  miles  long;  Victoria 
Nyanza,  one  of  the  sources  of  the  Nile,  and  intersected  by 
the  equator;  Lake  Nyassa,  in  theS.E.  part,  between  lat.  11° 
and  14°  S.,  about  250  miles  long ;  Lake  Tanganyika,  which 
is  nearly  100  miles  S.  of  Lake  Albert  Nyanza,  and  h.as  an 
area  of  about  10,000  square  miles ;  Lake  Denibea,  in  Abys- 
sinia; and  Lake  N'gami,  which  is  near  20°  S.  lat.  and  23" 
E.  Ion.  For  fuller  descriptions  of  rivers  and  lakes,  see  sep- 
arate articles. 

Climate. — Africa  lies  mostly  in  the  torrid  zone,  and  is  the 
hottest  of  all  the  continents ;  but  the  greatest  heat  is  not ' 
found  under  the  equator,  for  here  the  heat  is  tempered  by 
the  great  elevation  of  the  surface,  by  the  shade  of  dense 
forests,  and  by  copious  rains,  which  fall  almost  incessantly 
during  six  or  more  months  of  the  year.    The  highest  tem- 
perature is  found  in  the  arid  desert  of  Sahara,  and  in  Nubia, 
where  the  Arabs  say  "  the  soil  is  like  fire  and  tho  wind  like  a 
flame."  Whirlwinds  extremely  hot  and  dry,  carrying  sand  up 
into  the  atmosphere,  often  occur  in  these  deserts.     Northern 
Africa  is  exposed  to  hot  winds  which  blow  from  the  Sahara, I 
and  are  called  Sirocco  in  Morocco,  Khamsin  in  Egypt,  and 
Ilarmattan  in  other  parts.    The  western  coast  of  Africa  be 
tween  the  tropics  is  very  unhealthy.     The  minsma  of  the 
swamps,  marshes,  and  rivers  gives  its  climate  a  fatal  distinc- 
tion for  pestilential  malaria.     About  one-third  of  the  Euro- 
peans who  have  endeavored  to  ascend  the  Senegal  River 
have  perished  in  the  attempt.     Many  travellers  have  lost, 
their  lives  in  expeditions  to  discover  the  source  of  the  Niger, ' 
The  year  in  Africa  (except  the  Sahara)  is  divided  into  two' 
seasons,  the  wet,  which  is  the  coldest  season,  and  the  dry, ' 
which  is  the  period  of  greatest  heat.     Some  regions,  how- 
ever, have  two  wet  seasons  in  a  year.    The  winds  and  raini' 
depend  on  the  movement  of  the  land  beneath  the  sun  or 


AFR 


4S9 


AFR 


the  relative  position  of  the  sun,  which  generally  causes  rain 
in  tropical  regions  when  it  comes  to  the  zenith.  In  Abys- 
Binia,  Bornoo,  and  Soodan  the  rainy  season  is  between 
April  and  the  1st  of  October.  Near  the  mouth  of  the  Zam- 
bezi, and  in  other  parts  of  Southern  Africa,  the  rainy  sea- 
son commences  in  October  or  November  and  continues  till 
March.  The  Guinea  Coast  has  its  greater  rainy  season  from 
March  to  June,  and  its  lesser  rains  occur  in  October  and 
November.  The  average  temperatures  of  the  extreme 
months  of  the  year  at  varioua  points  in  Africa  are  given  in 
the  following  table : 


Jan. 

July. 

Jan. 

July. 

55.8 

62 

75.6 

82 

86 

86 
94.3 

8;i.8 

77.5 
80.2 

Gondokoro  (5°  N.)... 
Aukober,  Abyssinlat 

89.3 

52 

83.3 

74.3 

79.7 

78  5 

58 

Kooka,  Bornoo.... 

Sierra  Loone 

Mouth  of  Niger. 

77.1 

Cape  Town  (:J4°  S.).. 
Elmiua,  Gold  Coast.. 

57.6 
76.7 

Minerals. — Gold,  copper,  iron,  diamonds,  salt,  limestone, 
granite,  sandstone,  trachyte,  trap,  gneiss,  and  other  meta- 
morphic  rocks  are  found  in  various  places.  Gold  is,  per- 
haps, the  metal  most  widely  distributed.  The  gold-fields 
of  the  Transvaal  territory  and  of  the  country  which  ex- 
tends thence  to  the  Zambezi  are  numerous,  but  no  yield 
has  as  yet  been  discovered  of  sufficient  quantities  to  over- 
come the  difficulties  of  working  and  of  transport  to  the 
distant  seaports.  The  diamond-fields  in  the  districts  of 
the  Vaal  and  Orange  Rivers  are  steadily  worked,  and  give 
good  returns. 

Vegetable  Productions. — In  the  extreme  north,  groves  of 
oranges  and  olives,  plains  covered  with  barley,  maize,  and 
wheat,  forests  of  evergreen  oaks,  pines,  and  cork-trees,  in- 
termixed with  the  fig-tree,  cypress,  arbutus,  sandarach  ( Cal- 
litris),  and  myrtle,  form  the  principal  features  of  the  land- 
scape. The  region  of  the  Atlas  produces  7  or  more  species 
of  oaks.  Among  the  indigenous  and  cultivated  plants  of 
Egypt  are  the  papyrus,  cotton,  doum  palm,  acacia,  onion, 
lotus,  tamarind,  wheat,  and  rice.  In  the  arid  region  which 
lies  S.  of  the  Atlas  Mountains  and  on  the  borders  of  Sahara, 
the  date  palm  [Phoenix  dactylifera)  is  very  abundant  and 
forms  the  characteristic  feature.  It  is  peculiarly  adapted 
to  a  hot  and  dry  climate,  and  flourishes  where  few  other 
tvees  could  grow.  The  natives  of  these  regions  depend  on 
the  date  almost  entirely  for  their  subsistence,  and  use  the 
sap  of  the  tree  as  a  beverage.  Palms  of  different  species 
are  found  in  nearly  all  parts  of  the  continent  except  the  ex- 
treme south.  The  coffee-tree  grows  in  Benguela,  Liberia, 
and  Abyssinia,  the  latter  being  its  native  country,  and  also 
producing  oranges,  lemons,  and  peaches.  Sencgambia  and 
other  tropical  regions  produce  the  baobab  or  monkey- 
bread  tree  [Adanaonia  dif/itata),  the  trunk  of  which  is  said 
to  attain  a  diameter  of  20  feet.  The  region  which  lies 
between  lat.  10°  N.  and  10°  S.  is  mostly  covered  with  dense 
forests  of  gigantic  trees,  and  a  rank  growth  of  underbrush 
and  creeping  plants  almost  impervious  to  the  rays  of  a  ver- 
tical sun.  "  The  climbing  plants,"  says  Livingstone,  "  from 
the  size  of  whip-cord  to  that  of  a  man-of-war's  hawser,  are 
to  numerous  that  the  ancient  path  is  the  only  passage." 
Among  the  valuable  productions  of  the  western  coast  and 
tropical  portions  are  the  cotton-tree,  coffee,  the  Elseis  Gui- 
neensis,  which  affords  palm  oil  and  wine,  the  cabbage  palm, 
the  butter-tree,  the  banana,  the  gum  copal,  the  yam,  the 
papaw,  the  pea-nut  (Arachia  hypogeea),  tamarind,  and 
custard-apple.  Frankincense,  myrrh,  cinnamon,  and  other 
spices  grow  in  Northeastern  Africa.  In  the  temperate  parts 
of  South  Africa  heaths  grow  in  great  profusion  and  are  the 
most  characteristic  vegetation.  About  500  species  of  heaths, 
many  of  which  bear  beautiful  flowers,  have  been  discovered 
here.^  "  South  Africa,"  says  Sir  John  Herschel,  "  has  a  very 
peculiar  and  striking  vegetation.  The  meaemhryanthemum 
and  stapclia  families  are  especially  abundant,  but  little  con- 
spicuous in  comparison  with  the  heaths,  which  there  luxu- 
riate in  astonishing  profusion,  as  well  as  the  geraniums  and 
pelargonia.  Innumerable  bulbous  genera  and  everlastings 
clothe  the  sandy  flats  and  mountain  terraces  with  beautiful  ' 
flowers." 

Animala. — Africa  is  remarkable  for  the  multitude  and 
variety  of  its  animals,  and  the  fauna  of  this  continent 
differs  in  many  respects  from  that  of  the  other  grand  divis- 
ions of  the  globe.  Some  writers  state  that  there  are  250 
species  of  mammals  peculiar  to  Africa.  According  to  An- 
drew Murray,  472  species  of  terrestrial  mammals  are  pecu- 
liar to  this  continent,  and  among  them  are  94  species  of 
quadruroana,  76  of  carnivora,  74  of  ungulata,  and  121  of 


rodentia.  Among  the  carnivorous  animals  are  the  lion, 
leopard,  panther,  hyena,  wolf,  fox,  dog,  jackal,  ichneumon, 
caracal,  and  civet-cat.  Lions,  leopards,  and  panthers  are 
numerous  in  nearly  all  parts  of  the  continent.  A  few  bears 
inhabit  the  Atlas  Mountains.  The  order  of  pachydermata 
is  represented  by  the  elephant,  rhinoceros,  hippopotamus, 
zebra,  and  wild  boar.  Africa  is  said  to  produce  about  70 
species  of  ruminantia,  among  which  are  the  buffalo,  giraffe, 
eland,  and  50  or  more  other  species  of  antelope.  Large  herds 
of  the  eland  are  found  in  South  Africa.  The  giraffe,  one 
of  the  quadrupeds  peculiar  to  Africa,  ranges  from  the  limits 
of  the  Cape  Colony  as  far  as  the  Sahara  and  Nubia,  The 
camel  is  commonly  used  a3  a  beast  of  burden  in  Northern 
Africa.  The  gorilla,  the  most  formidable  of  the  apes,  is 
limited  to  a  narrow  region  of  Central  Africa.  The  baboon, 
chimpanzee,  and  several  species  of  monkey  are  found  in 
many  parts  of  the  continent.  Among  the  large  reptiles  is 
the  crocodile,  which  abounds  in  the  Nile  and  nearly  all  the 
large  rivers  and  lakes.  Africa  is  the  chief  homo  of  the 
ostrich,  which  prefers  the  desert  and  open  plains.  Among 
the  other  birds  are  the  vulture,  falcon,  secretary-bird,  quail, 
partridge,  and  guinea-fowl,  which  is  the  only  indigenous 
bird  of  the  gallinaceous  order.  Many  thousand  species  of 
insects  are  found  here.  The  locust  has  been  from  time 
immemorial  the  scourge  of  this  continent,  which  is  also 
infested  by  termites  or  white  ants,  and  by  venomous  flies 
called  zebub  and  tsetse. 

Population  and  Races. — Between  the  Mediterranean  Sea 
and  lat.  20°  N.  the  population  consists  largely  of  tribes  or 
races  that  are  not  indigenous,  being  Arabs,  Turks,  Moors, 
and  Frenchmen,  who  have  gained  possession  by  conquest. 
Egypt  is  in  part  peopled  by  Copts,  supposed  to  be  descend- 
ants of  the  ancient  Egyptians,  but  probably  a  mixed  race. 
They  profess  the  Christian  religion,  and  speak  a  peculiar 
language  called  Coptic.  A  large  majority  of  the  African 
population  belongs  to  two  races,  perhaps  the  only  primitive 
or  aboriginal  races  of  this  continent,  the  Berbers  and  the 
Negroes  or  Ethiopian  race.  The  Berbers  are  nomadic  tribes 
who  occupy  the  mountainous  regions  of  Barbary  and  the 
Sahara,  and  are  sometimes  called  Kabyles.  The  Berber 
nation  or  people  is  one  of  great  antiquity,  and  ever  since 
the  earliest  historical  period  has  been  spread  over  all  North- 
ern Africa  {Mauritania  and  Numidia)  from  the  Red  Sea  to 
the  Straits  #f  Gibraltar.  They  are  athletic,  warlike,  and  ad- 
dicted to  predatory  modes  of  gaining  a  subsistence.  They 
are  zealous  Mohammedans.  The  Berber  language  has  some 
affinity  with  the  Semitic  languages.  A  part  of  South  Africa 
is  peopled  with  Hottentots,  who  are  entirely  different  from 
the  negro  race.  The  color  of  their  skin  is  olive  or  dull 
yellow,  resembling  a  dried  tobacco-leaf.  They  are  short  in 
stature,  about  4^  feet  high,  with  oblique  eyes,  thin  beard, 
and  high  cheek-bones.  They  are  a  lively,  cheerful,  good- 
humored  people,  of  pastoral  habits. 

The  Ethiopic  race  occupies  Central  Africa  and  nearly  all 
the  countries  between  Capo  Colony  and  the  20th  parallel  of 
N.  latitude.  A  line  drawn  from  the  mouth  of  the  Senegal 
to  Cape  Guardafui  passes  near  the  northern  limit  of  the 
negro  population.  They  are  characterized  by  thick  lips, 
woolly  hair,  and  receding  foreheads,  with  a  skin  which 
varies  from  black  to  brown.  Mohammedanism  and  Fetish- 
ism are  the  prevailing  religions  of  Africa.  Human  sacri- 
fices are  practised  by  some  tribes  on  great  occasions.  Among 
the  principal  negro  nations  are  the  Mandingoes,  the  Foolahs, 
the  Yolofs,  and  the  Ashantees.  They  are  in  a  low  state  of 
intellectual  development,  have  made  little  progress  in  civil- 
ization, and  can  hardly  be  said  to  have  any  political  insti- 
tutions. The  number  of  languages  spoken  in  Africa  is  esti- 
mated by  some  writers  at  150,  and  the  total  population  at 
from  180,000,000  to  200,000,000. 

Commerce. — The  commerce  of  Africa,  owing  to  its  barbar- 
ous state,  unhealthy  climate,  and  want  of  navigable  rivers 
and  inlets,  has  never  been  in  proportion  to  the  extent  of  its 
area.  The  principal  articles  exported  are  gold,  ivory,  palm 
oil,  slaves,  gums,  wax,  feathers,  timber,  hides,  and  dates. 
Large  quantities  of  gum  Senegal  are  exported  by  the  Moor- 
ish tribes.  Civilized  nations  have  endeavored,  with  partial 
success,  to  suppress  the  exportation  of  slaves.  There  is  also 
a  very  extensive  internal  trade  in  slaves.  The  cowry,  a 
small  shell  imported  from  the  Maldive  Islands,  is  the  com- 
mon circulating  medium  in  Central  and  Southern  Africa. 

Political  Divisions. — The  most  important  divisions  are 
Algeria,  Morocco,  Tripoli,  Tunis,  Bambarra,  Senegambia, 
Liberia,  Ashantee,  Dahomey,  Gando,  Bornoo,  Adamawa, 
Baghirmi,  Loango,  Congo  (French),  Congo  Free  State, 
Angolii,  Benguela,  Cape  Colony,  Orange  Free  State,  Mada- 
gascar, Mozambique,  Zanguebar,  Adel,  Cazembe,  Abyssinia^ 
Darfoor,  Waday,  Soodan,  Sennaar,  Nubia,  Egypt,  Houssa., 


AFB 


440 


AGD 


Europran  J'ottettiont. — Algerin  and  Tunis  belong  to  the 
French,  who  have  possuasiuns  also  on  the  Senegal  and 
Uaiiibia,  and  control  a  dit<trict  nlong  tliu  Atlantic  const  N. 
of  the  Congo  Free  ijtale.  Tlio  British  have  settlements  at 
the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  Sierra  Leone,  Natal,  and  on  the 
Oold  Coast,  and  control  a  district  on  the  E.  coast  N.  of 
Zantibar,  and  practically  Egypt.  Tho  Portuguese  have 
poMessions  on  the  K.  coiuit  in  Motanibique,  and  on  the  W. 
const  in  Angola  and  lieiiguola,  along  with  several  islands 
in  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  The  Canary  Islands  belong  to  the 
Spaniards,  who  also  have  possessions  at  Fernando  Po  ond 
Annubtin,  tho  port  of  Ifni  N.  of  Cape  Noon,  nnd  the  coast 
Innd  between  Capes  Uojador  nnd  Itlanco.  Siuoe  1884  tier- 
ninny  hi\s  control  over  tho  Togoland  on  the  Slave  Coast,  tho 
Cameroon  region,  and  a  coast  district  of  about  UUO  miles 
between  Angola  N.  and  the  Orange  River  S.,  and  on  tho 
E.  coHf t  from  the  Rovumn  River  N.W.  to  Victoria  Nyanza, 
with  the  Congo  state  in  the  W.  and  Mozambique  in  tho  S. 
Italy  has  control  over  a  district  bordering  on  tho  Rod  Sea 
from  Mnssownh  to  Assab  Bay. 

Hxntory  of  Discoreri/. — Northeastern  Africa  was  the  home 
of  the  first  civilized  nation  of  the  world, — tho  Egyptians. 
The  famous  and  powerful  state  of  Carthage  afterwards  oc- 
cupied Northern  Africa,  which  subsequently  became  a  part 
of  the  Roman  empire.  It  is  supposed  that  tho  peninsular 
form  of  Africa  was  known  to  tho  ancients,  and  that  the 
Phoenicians  circumnavigated  it.  The  people  who  first  ex- 
plored the  interior  of  Northern  Africa  were  the  Arabs.  Tho 
Portuguese  navigators  of  the  fifteenth  century  were  tho  first 
to  complete  the  circumnavigation  of  Africa.  They  discov- 
ered the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  in  1487,  nnd  Vasco  da  Gama 
doubled  that  cape  in  1498.  The  Dutch  planted  a  colony  at 
the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  in  1650.  Bruce  travelled  in  Abys- 
sinia about  1770.  In  1788  a  society  was  formed  in  London 
to  promote  the  exploration  of  Africa.  Under  tho  auspices 
of  this  society,  Mungo  Park,  Burckhardt,  and  others  made 
important  discoveries.  In  1822,  Denham,  Clapperton,  and 
Oudney  crossed  the  desert  of  Sahara,  and  discovered  Lake 
Chad  and  Bornoo.  In  1830,  Lander  explored  the  Joliba  or 
Niger  to  its  mouth.  The  Rev,  Mr.  Rebmann  discovered 
about  1848  Mount  Kilima-Njaro,  supposed  to  be  the  highest 
in  Africa.  In  1852-56,  1858-64,  1865-7.S,  Livingstone 
explored  South  Africa.  He  discovered  Lake  N'gami,  ex- 
plored the  Zambezi  River,  and  made  importaA  contribu- 
tions to  tho  geography  of  the  country.  Captains  Burton 
nnd  Speke  discovered  about  1858-59  Lakes  Tanganyika  and 
Victoria  Nyanza.  In  1864,  Sir  Samuel  Baker  discovered 
Lake  Albert  Nyanza;  in  1866-67,  Karl  Mauch  discovered 
extensive  gold-fields  between  the  Limpopo  and  Zambezi 
Rivers.  In  1874-77,  H.  M.  Stanley  crossed  tho  continent 
via  the  Albert  Nyanza,  tho  Victoria  Nyanza,  and  the  Congo 
River,  and  in  1881-84  he  explored  the  course  of  the  Congo, 
and  finally  established,  under  tho  auspices  of  the  King  of 
the  Belgians  and  the  co-operation  of  other  commercial  na- 
tions, the  Congo  Free  State.     See  Coxgo  Fkee  State. 

Adj.  and  inhab.  ArnicAN,  nfro-kan  (Fr.  ArnicAiK,  i^fre^- 
kiifo',  fem.  AFniCAiNE,  &'frc'kdn' ;  Ger.  Afrikanisch,  4-fre- 
k&'nish  ;  inbab.  Afuikaner,  i-fre-ki'n?r). 

African  Islands,  a  group  of  low  islets  in  the  Indian 
Occnn,  N.  of  the  Amirnnte  Islands.     Lat.  4°  55'  S. 

Afrikiah,  or  Afrikiyah.    See  Mehdia. 

Afshars,  Afchars,  or  Afschars,  &f'sharz',  one  of 
the  many  tribes  of  Persia  forming  classes  apart  from  the 
original  Persians.  They  are  divided  into  two  principal 
branches,  Shamloo  (Shamlu)  and  Kirkloo  (Kirklu),  and 
form  a  numerous  tribe,  principally  residing  in  towns,  and 
found  in  the  greatest  numbers  at  Abiverd  and  Kelat. 

Af'ton,  a  station  in  the  Indian  Territory,  on  the  St. 
Louis  &  San  Francisco  Railroad,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Vinita. 

Afton,  a  post-viliHge,  capital  of  Union  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Union  township,  on  a  railroad,  105  miles  W.  of  Ottumwn, 
and  10  miles  E.  of  Creston.  Afton  has  a  bank,  a  weekly 
paper,  a  union  school,  6  churches,  a  foundry,  plough- 
factory,  Ac.     Pop.  (1890)  1045. 

Afton,  a  post- village  in  Washington  oo.,  Minn.,  on 
Lake  St.  Croix,  11  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Stillwater,  and  about 
16  miles  E.S.E.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy, 
and  steam  saw-mills.     Pop.  of  Afton  township,  1097. 

Aftun,  a  post-village  of  Frontier  co.,  Neb.,  10  miles 
N.  of  Cambridge.     It  has  a  church. 

Afton,  a  post- village  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.    See  Columbia. 

Afton,  a  post-village  in  Afton  township,  Chenango  co., 
N.y.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  28  miles  by  railroad  E.  by 
N.  of  Binghamton,  and  114  miles  W.S.W.  of  Albany.  It 
has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  ofiBce,  a  union  school, 
and  manufactures  of  sash  and  blinds,  butter-firkins  and 
tubs,  Ac.    Pop.  in  1890,  of  village,  683;  of  township,  2083. 


Afton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clermont  oo.,  0.,  and  a  station 
on  the  Cincinnati  &,  Eai^tern  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Batavia. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  2  or  3  stores. 

Afton,  a  Dost-villago  and  watering-place  of  Nelson  oo., 
Vb.,  on  tho  Cbesapeake  A  Ohio  Railroad  whore  it  crosses  or 
perforates  the  Blue  Ridge,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Staunton.  It  has 
a  hotel,  2  churches,  and  several  stores.  Here  is  a  tunnel  I 
mile  long  in  tho  Blue  Ridge. 

Afton,  a  post-village  of  Rock  co..  Wis.,  on  tho  Chicago 
A  Northwestern  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Beloit,  and 
39  miles  S.S.E.  of  Madison.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  150. 
Afvcstadt,  or  Afvcstad.    See  Avestad. 
Afzul-Gurh,  Afzalgarh,  or  Ufzulgurh,  ufzlil. 
gur',  atown  of  Hindostan,  Bijnaur  district,  near  tlie  Kumuon 
Mountains,     Lat.  29°  25'  N. ;  Ion.  78°  40'  E.     Pop.  8350. 
Aga,  4'gi,  a  low  granitic  mountain-chain  of^  Arabia, 
forming  part  of  tho  N.W.  limit  of  Nedjcd. 

Agably,  or  Aghably,  4'gi'blee,  a  town  of  Africa, 
oasis  of  Tooat,  on  the  route  from  Tripoli  to  Timbuctoo. 
Lat.  26°  40'  N.;  Ion.  0°  58'  E.  It  is  built  of  stone,  and  is 
said  to  be  well  provided  with  water. 

Agadecr,  Agadir,  l-g4-deer',  or  Santa  Cruz,  a 
fortified  town  and  tho  most  southern  seaport  of  Morocco, 
province  of  Soos,  on  tho  Atlantic,  23  miles  S.E.  of  Cape 
Ghir.  Lat.  30°  26' 35"  N. ;  Ion.  9°  35' 66"  E.  Pop.  1000. 
Agadez,  Agades,  i.g'^-dH\  Agdes,  or  Agdas, 
ig'das,  a  city  of  Africa,  capital  of  the  kingdom  of  Asbcn, 
in  an  oasis  of  tho  Sahara,  Lat,  18°  10'  N,;  Ion.  13°  E. 
Agadez  was  formerly  a  largo  city,  with  a  population  of  from 
50,000  to  60,000,  but  now  estimated  not  to  exceed  8000. 

Agalegas,  i-gi-l^'gis,  or  Galega,  g4-li'ga,  an  i.sland 
in  tho  Indian  Ocean,  about  lat.  10°  21'  S.,  Ion.  56°  38'  E. 
It  is  11  miles  in  length. 

Agante,  i-gi'mdh,  a  province  of  TigrC-,  in  Abyssinia,, 
in  the  N.E.  part  of  that  territory,  and  W.  from  the  groat 
salt  plain  in  which  the  country  terminates  N.E. 

Agamen'ticus  Mountain,  in  York  co..  Me.,  about 
4  miles  from  tho  ocean,  important  as  a  landmark  for  seamen, 
Tho  summit  is  673  feet  above  tho  sea-level, 

Agaika,  A-g&n'yi,  or  San  Ignacio  dc  Agaiia,  siVn 
oog-n&th'e-o  dA  i-gin'yi,  a  fortified  Spanish  town,  and  cajii- 
tal  of  Guahan,  ono  of  tho  Ladrones,  on  its  W,  coast.  It 
contains  several  schools  and  convents,  government  house, 
royal  magazine,  &c.     Pop.  5055. 

Agangueo,  i-giln-ga'o,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  Michoacan, 
20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Morelia,  in  a  mountainous  forest  and 
mining  district,  8000  feet  above  the  sea.     Pop.  1800. 
Agar,  a  town  of  India.     See  Augguk. 
Agarpara,  in  India.     Seo  Agukpara. 
Agarrib,  a  mountain  of  Egypt.    Seo  Agrees. 
Ag'ate,  a  station  in  Elbert  co..  Col.,  on  tho  Kansas 
Pacific  Railroad,  66  miles  E.S.E.  of  Denver. 

Agate,  a  station  in  Sweetwater  co.,  Wyoming,  on  tho 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  71  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Rawlins. 

Ag'ate  Ilar'bor,  in  the  N.  part  of  tho  upper  peninsula 
of  Michigan,  on  Keweenaw  Point. 
Agatha,  the  ancient  name  of  Agde. 
Agathapolis.    See  Sakt'  Agata  dei  Goti. 
Agatho,  or  Agatton,  a  town  of  Guinea.    Seo  Gato. 
Agathyrnum,  an  ancient  town  of  Sicily.    See  Na.so. 
Agattoo,  or  Agattu,  i-git-too',  a  small  island  of  the 
Aleutian  group.     Lat.  52°  43'  N. ;  Ion.  173°  37'  W.     Called 
also  Krooglee  (Krugli)  or  Cuooked  Island, 
Agaunum,  Switzerland,    Seo  Saint  Maurice. 
Ag^aivam',  a,  post- village  of  Hampden  co..  Mass,,  is  ia. 
Agawam  township,  about  1  mile  W,  of  the  Connecticut 
River,  and  4  miles  S.AV.  of  Springfield,    The  township  hai 
5  churches,  a  paper-mill,  a  woollen-factory,  a  gin  distillery, 
and  a  brick-yard.     Pop.  in  1880,  2216;  in  1890,  2352, 
Agawam,  Plymouth  co..  Mass,    See  East  Warehajt, 
Ag^awam'  River,  a  small  stream  of  Plymouth  co,,  in 
tho  E.  part  of  Massachusetts,  which  unites  its  waters  with 
Buttermilk  Bay,     Tho  Westfield  River  (q.  v.),  in  Massachu- 
setts, is  also  called  Agawam  in  the  lower  part  of  its  course, 
Agayak,  i-gl-yik',  island,  Alaska.  See  Seven  Islanhs, 
Agazzano,  A-gits-A'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
12  miles  S.W,  of  Piacenza,     Pop,  2575. 
Agbomey,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Abomey. 
Agdas,  a  city  of  Africa.     See  Agadez. 
Agde,  igd  (anc.  Ag'atha),  a  town  of  Franco,  depart- 
ment of  Hcrault,  on  tho  H6rault,  and  on  the  Railway  and 
Canal  du  Midi,  2  miles  from  tho  Mediterranean,  and  30 
miles  S.W,  of  Montpellier.     Pop.  8829.     It  is  pleasantly 
situated,  but,  being  built  of  black  basalt,  has  a  grim  appear- 
ance, and  is  popularly  called  "  tho  Black  town."     It  has  a 
college,  a  school  of  navigation,  and  an  active  coasting  trade. 
Its  port  is  defended  by  Fort  Broscou,  on  Brescou  Island 


I 


AGD 


441 


AGK 


Agdeh,  Ag'd?h,  Aghda,  or  Augdeh,  a  town  of  Persia, 
70  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Yezd,  on  the  road  to  Ispahan. 

AgUes,  a  city  of  Africa.     See  Agadez. 

Agcdicum,  and  Agedincum.     See  Sens. 

Agcdunum,  an  ancient  name  of  AnuN. 

Ageii)  iVhdN"'  (anc.  Agin'nnm),  a  town  of  France,  cap- 
ital of  the  department  of  Lot-et-Garonne,  on  the  Garonne, 
»nd  on  a  railway,  73  miles  S.E.  of  Bordeaux.  Pop.  18,887. 
It  has  some  good  public  edifices,  including  the  prefecture, 
two  seminaries,  a  lyceum  with  a  library  of  20,000  volumes, 
and  several  churches.  It  has  a  court  of  appeal,  large  sail- 
cloth factory,  distilleries,  and  manufactures  of  serge,  cotton 
prints,  starch,  leather,  &c.,  and  an  ancient  cathedral,  built 
partly  in  the  twelfth  and  thirteenth  centuries. 

A'geiicy»  a  post-town  of  Wapello  co.,  Iowa,  in  Agency 
township,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad 
(station.  Agency  City),  6  miles  E.  of  Ottumwa.  It  has  2 
churches,  2  flour-mills,  and  a  creamery.  The  village  is 
situated  on  a  fine  prairie,  on  the  site  of  an  old  Indian 
agency.     Pop.  442;  of  township,  1183. 

Agency,  a  township  of  Osage  co.,  Kansas,  contains 
Quenemo. 

Agency,  a  post-village  of  Buchanan  co..  Mo.,  on  a  rail- 
road, 11  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Joseph.  It  has  a  church  and 
flouring-mills.     Name  of  station,  Agency  Ford. 

Agen'da,  a  post-hamlet  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas,  8 
miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Clyde. 

Agcndicum,  an  ancient  name  of  Sens. 

Agenois,  d^zhi'nwd',  or  Agenais,  i'zhi'ni',  an 
ancient  district  of  France,  in  Guienne.  It  constituted  part 
of  the  old  kingdom  of  Aquitaine. 

Ager,  i-Hain',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  25  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Lerida,  in  a  valley.     Pop.  2000. 

Ager  Lugdunensis,  the  Latin  name  of  Lyoxxois. 

Ageroe,  i'gh^r-o^^h,  an  island  off  the  W.  coast  of  Nor- 
way, province  of  Trondhjem.     Pop.  4000. 

Agcrola,  i-ji-ro'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Na- 
ples, 10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Salerno.     Pop.  3954. 

Agger,  ig'gh^r,  a  natural  water  communication  between 
the  Lym-Fiord  and  the  North  Sea,  in  Denmark,  formed 
during  a  storm  in  1825. 

Aggershuus,  ig'gh^rs-hooss^  or  Akershus,  an  amt 
of  Norway,  stift  of  Christiania,  having  an  area  of  1986 
square  miles.     Pop.  116,365.     Capital,  Christiania. 

Aggcrsoe,  ig'gh^rs-o'^h,  a  small  island  of  Denmark, 
in  the  Great  Belt,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Seeland. 

Aggira,  a  town  of  Sicily.    See  Agira. 

Aggius,  Ad'je-ooce,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sardinia, 
35  miles  N.E.  of  Sassari.     Pop.  2658. 

Aghably,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Agablt. 

Aghades,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Agadez. 

Agharoon,  or  Agharun,  a,-gi-roon',  or  Khanzir, 
kin'zcer  (i.e.,  "hog"),  a  village  of  Turkey  in  Asia,  pashalic 
of  Diarbekir,  in  the  mountains  of  Darkflsh-Dagh. 

Aghda,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Agdeh. 

Aghniat,  ia^mit',  a  fortified  town  of  Morocco,  on  the 
Wady  Enfis,  and  on  the  N.  declivity  of  Mount  Atlas,  30  miles 
B.  of  Morocco.     Pop.  about  6000. 

Aghor,  A'Gor,  or  Hin-Gol',  a  river  of  Beloochistan, 
falling  into  the  Arabian  Sea.     Length,  50  miles. 

Aghrim,  or  Aughrim,  awg'rim  or  awn'rim,  a  parish 
of  Ireland,  co.  of  Galway,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Loughrea.  It 
is  famous  for  the  victory  obtained  hero  in  1691  by  the 
troops  of  William  III.  over  those  of  James  II. 

Agincourt,  i'zh4N<>^koou',  or  Azincourt,  i'ziNo^- 
koou',  a  village  of  France.  Pas-de-Calais,  13  miles  N.W.  of  St. 
Pol,  near  which,  on  the  25th  of  October,  1415,  the  English, 
under  Henry  V.,  defeated  a  vastly  superior  French  force. 
Pop.  450. 

Aginnum,  an  ancient  name  of  Agen. 

Agio  Strati,  k'jo  strd'tee,  a  Turkish  island  of  the  Gre- 
cian Archipelago,  46  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Mitylene. 

Agira,  Aggira,  A-jee'ri,  or  San  Filippo  d'Argiro, 
sin  fe-lip'po  daR-jeo'ro  (anc.  Agijrium),  a  town  of  Sicily, 
province  of  Catania,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Nicosia.  It  has  ex- 
tensive marble-quarries.     Pop.  11,876. 

AgMa'  Chau'kigha'ta,  a  village  of  India,  in  Dacca. 
Lat.  23°  38'  18"  N.;  Ion.  90°  14'  8"  E.     Pop.  4010. 

Aglar,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Aquileja. 

Agliauo,  il-yi'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Ales- 
sandria, near  Montogrosso.     Pop.  2785. 

Aglie,  hX'yk,  or  Aglia,  il'yi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Turin,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Ivrea.  Pop.  3650.  It  is  beautifully 
situated  upon  a  hill,  and  has  a  splendid  royal  palace,  with 
parks  and  gardens. 

Aglish,  a  town  of  Ireland.    See  Castlebar. 
*  Agly,  a^glee',  or  Gly,  glee,  a  river  of  France,  depart- 


ments of  Aude  and  Pyr6n6es-Orientales,  falls  into  the  Medi- 
terranean near  Bacares. 

Agmondesham,  a  town  of  England.    See  Amersham. 

Agna,  in'yi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Padua,  6 
miler  S.E.  of  Consclve.     Pop.  2797. 

Agnadello,  in-yd-ddl'Io,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
of  Cremona,  10  miles  E.  of  Lodi.  Here,  in  1509,  Louis  VII. 
of  France  gained  a  victory  over  the  Austrians ;  and  here, 
in  1705,  Prince  Eugene  was  defeated  by  the  Duke  of  Ven- 
d6me.     Pop.  1485. 

Agnana,  dn-yi'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Reggio, 
3  miles  N.  of  Gerace.     Pop.  1195. 

Agnano,  in-yi'no,  a  small  lake  of  Italy,  4  miles  W.  of 
Naples,  occupying  the  crater  of  an  extinct  volcano.  This 
lake  has  been  drained.  Near  it  are  the  Grotta  del  Cane  and 
the  sulphur  baths  of  San  Germano. 

Ag'nes,  a  post-hamlet  of  Parker  co.,  Tex.,  18  miles  N, 
of  Weatherford. 

Agnes  City,  a  post-township  of  Lyon  co.,  Kansas, 
about  12  miles  E.  of  Council  Grove. 

Ag'new,  a  post- village  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich.,  near  the 
shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  8  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Grand 
Haven. 

Agnew's  Mills,  a  post-ofiSce  in  Richland  township, 
Venango  co.,  Pa. 

AgncAV's  Station,  in  Venango  co..  Pa.,  is  on  the 
Emienton  &  Shippenville  Railroad,  2  miles  E.  of  Emlenton. 

Agno,  in'yo,  a  river  of  Italy,  an  affluent  of  the  Adige 
from  the  left.     Length,  above  50  miles.     See  Anio. 

Agno,  in'yo,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Ticino, 
on  Lake  Agno,  3  miles  W.  of  Lugano.     Pop.  865. 

Agnone,  S,n-yo'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Campobasso.  Pop.  11,073.  It  is  celebrated 
for  its  copper-works. 

Ag^nur',  or  Ak^nur',  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  on  the 
Chenaub,  95  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lahore.  Lat.  33°  N.;  Ion. 
75°  E. 

Ago,  i'goo,  a  small  island  of  Sweden,  in  the  Gulf  of 
Bothnia.     Lat.  61°  32'  N.;  Ion.  17°  22'  E. 

Agoa  Fria,  i'gwi  free'5.  [i.e.,  "cold  water"),  a  town 
of  Brazil,  province  and  100  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Bahia. 

Agoa  de  Pfto,  fl,'gwS.  di  pOwN",  a  mountain  of  the 
island  of  St.  Michael,  Azores,  near  its  centre,  3066  feet  high. 

Agoa  de  P3o,  a  village  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  island 
of  St.  Michael,  15  miles  E.  of  Ponta  Dclgada.     Pop.  3210. 

Agoa  Quente,  i'gwi  kfin'td  ("hot  water"  or  "hot 
spring"),  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  of  Goyaz,  near  the 
mouth  of  the  Rio  das  Almas,  190  miles  N.E.  of  Goyaz. 

Agoas  Doces,  i'gwis  do'cfis  ("sweet  water"),  a  town 
of  Brazil,  Minas-Geraes,  on  a  tributary  of  the  Sao  Francisco. 

Ago'gebic  Lake,  in  the  W.  part  of  the  upper  penin- 
sula of  Michigan.  Its  outlet  joins  Ontonagon  River.  Length, 
following  the  bend  of  the  lake,  15  miles;  breadth,  2  miles. 

Agogna,  3,-gon'y4,  or  Gogna,  gon'yS.,  a  river  of 
Italy,  rises  in  Lake  Orta,  and,  flowing  S.,  enters  the  Po,  16 
miles  N.E.  of  Alessandria. 

Agon,  i^gis"',  a  seaport  of  France,  department  of 
Manche,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Seine,  opposite  Jersey,  and  5 
miles  W.  of  Coutances.     Pop.  1602. 

Agoona,  i-goo'ni,  a  small  state  of  Western  Africa,  on 
the  Gold  Coast,  under  British  protection,  between  lat.  6° 
25'  and  5°  45'  N.,  Ion.  10'  and  40'  W.  It  is  about  30  miles 
from  E.  to  W.,  and  about  20  from  N.  to  S. 

Agordo,  i-goR'do,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  a  fruitful  plain, 
12  miles  N.W.  of  Belluno.  It  possesses,  in  the  valley  of 
Imperina,  rich  copper-mines.     Pop.  3153. 

Agost,  i-gost',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Valencia,  12  miles  W. 
of  Alicante.  It  is  of  Arab  origin,  and  has  an  ancient  castlo 
and  a  fountain.     Pop.  1969. 

Agosta,  3,-gos'ta,  or  Augusta,  6w-goos'tl,  a  city  of 
Sicily,  province  of  Catania,  on  a  peninsula  in  the  Medi- 
terranean, 19  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Syracuse.  Pop.  11,897. 
In  1693  it  was  nearly  destroyed  by  an  earthquake.  Exports 
salt,  oil,  wines,  and  honey. 

Agows,  i'g6wz\  a  people  of  Abyssinia,  divided  into 
several  distinct  tribes,  one  of  which  inhabits  the  fertile 
country  lying  immediately  W.  of  the  sources  of  the  Blue 
Nile,  in  the  territory  of  Amhara ;  another  inhabits  the  dis- 
trict on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Tacazze,  in  Tigr6 ;  a  third  oc- 
cupies a  tract  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  same  river,  also  in 
Tigrl.  The  Agow  (Agao)  language  is  referred  by  some 
authorities  to  the  Indo-European,  but  by  most  to  the  Ethi- 
opia stock.  The  Agow  tribes  are  mostly  Christian ;  others, 
like  the  Falasha,  are  of  the  Jewish  faith ;  while  others  are 
heathens,  of  savage  habits. 

Agra,  i'gri,  a  division  of  the  North-West  Provinces  of 
British  India.  Area,  9020  sc[uare  miles ;  population,  5,038,136. 


AOR 


442 


AOU 


It  borders  upon  Onde,  Allahabad,  Rajpootana,  Mo«mt,  Ac  It 
to  a  fortilo  region,  and  iu  people  are  mostly  of  Aryan  stock, 
■peaking  the  liindostancu.  It  is  generally  flat,  and  de!<ti- 
tute  of  wood.  In  many  parts  there  is  a  deficiency  of  water. 
The  soil  is  well  adapted  U)  the  cultivation  of  indigo,  cotton, 
tobaooo,  and  sugar;  wheat  and  barley,  however,  form  the 
principal  crops,  and  rice  is  cultivated  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
rivers.  Cotton  is  the  staple  product.  One  of  its  five  districts 
is  also  called  Agra;  area,  1908  square  miles;  pop.  1,096,367. 

Af;rn,  A'grA,  or  Akbnrabad,  .M<-bar'i-b4d',  a  city  of 
Ilindoiitan,  capital  of  the  province  of  the  same  name,  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  river  Jumna,  115  miles  S.S.E.  of  Delhi, 
740  miles  W.N.W.  of  Calcutta,  630  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of 
Bombay,  and  1000  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Madras.  Lat.  27° 
11'  N.;  Ion.  78°  E.  A  part  of  the  city  is  now  in  a  ruinous 
state,  but  it  still  maintains  much  of  its  original  splendor, 
and  has  prospered  greatly  under  English  rule.  The  houses 
generally  are  lofty,  consisting  of  several  storieH ;  the  streets 
are  e.xtromely  narrow.  Agra  contains  some  fine  public  build- 
ings of  recent  date,  and  some  of  its  more  ancient  structures 
are  on  a  scale  of  great  magnificence.  Of  these  the  most 
celebrated  is  Tauj  (or  Taj)  Mahal,  a  mausoleum  built  in  the 
eevcntecnth  century  by  the  Emperor  Shah  Jehan,  in  com- 
memoration of  his  favorite  queen.  This  superb  edifice,  the 
finest  in  India,  forms  a  quadrangle  of  lOU  square  yards, 
with  a  lofty  dome  of  70  feet  diameter  in  the  centre,  and  tall 
minarets  rising  from  the  angles.  It  is  built  of  white  mar- 
ble ;  and  the  great  central  hall  is  paved  with  squares  of 
various-colored  marble,  while  the  walls,  tombs,  and  screens 
are  ornamented  with  exquisite  mosaic-work.  The  whole 
cost  of  the  building  is  said  to  have  been  3,174,802  pounds 
sterling.  It  is  surroundcil  by  a  garden  adorned  with  foun- 
tains and  containing  a  profusion  of  fine  trees  and  flowering 
shrubs.  Agra  has  a  government  college,  3  mission  colleges, 
a  medical  school,  and  a  splendid  mosque.  It  exports  indigo, 
silk,  and  sugar,  and  imports  horses,  camels,  grain,  and 
manufactured  silk  and  cotton.  Pop.  (1881)  160,203.  From 
1504  to  1647,  Agra  was  the  seat  of  the  Mohammedan 
empire  in  India.  It  was  taken  by  the  British,  October  17, 
1803. 

Agra,  a  post-village  of  Phillips  co.,  Kansas,  50  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Mnnknto.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  Ac.  Pop.  200. 

Agrakhan,  Jlg-rS,-k&n',  a  cape  in  the  Caspian  Sea,  Ros- 
•ian  territory,  lat.  43°  40'  N.,  Ion.  48°  10'  E.,  with  a  bay  of 
the  same  name  on  the  N.  side. 

Agrnm,  5g'r6m',  or  Zagrab,  z&^gr&b'  (L.  Zagrabta), 
a  city  of  Austria-Hungary,  capital  of  Crotia  and  Slavonia, 
is  on  two  railways,  and  near  the  Save,  160  miles  S.S.W.  of  Vi- 
enna. It  is  handsome,  has  many  good  buildings,  including 
a  cathedral  and  the  government  house.  It  is  the  scat  of  a 
Catholic  archbishop,  and  of  the  superior  courts  of  Croatia, 
Slavonia,  and  the  Banat ;  is  a  centre  of  South-Slavic  learn- 
ing, and  has  many  seminaries  and  gymnasia,  and  several 
learned  societies ;  manufactures  silks  and  porcelain,  and  has 
.  a  large  trade.    Pop.  19,857 ;  of  the  county  of  Agram,  261,124. 

Agramiint,  i-gri-moont',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia, 
SO  miles  N,E.  of  Lerida,  on  the  Sio.     Pop.  2402. 

Agrap'ha,  4'gri-f  4,  a  village  in  Corfu.     Pop.  1100. 

Agrapho,  i'grl-fo,  a  part  of  the  Pindus  Mountains  in 
Greece,  between  Thcssaly  and  Epirus. 

Agrate-Brianza,  i-gri'tA-bre-ln'zl,  a  village  of 
Italy,  province  of  Milan,  3  miles  E.  of  Monza.     Pop.  3473. 

Agreda,  i-gri'nS.,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  23 
miles  N.E.  of  Soria.  Pop.  3120.  It  is  divided  by  the 
Queiles,  which  is  crossed  by  a  fine  bridge. 

Agreda,  &-gr4'd&,  a  town  of  South  America,  in  Co- 
lombia, state  of  Popayan,  with  gold-mines. 

Agreeb,  Agrib,  d-grecb',  Agarrib,  i'gar-reeb',  or 
Grarib,  grl-rceb',  Mount,  or  Jebel  Khareeb  (Cha- 
rib,  Gharib,  or  Kharib),  jdb'fil  Kiii'reeb',  a  mountain 
of  Egypt,  about  16  miles  inland  from  the  (Julf  of  Suez.  Lat. 
28°  12'  N. ;  Ion.  32°  42'  E.  It  is  of  a  conical  form,  about  7000 
feet  high,  and  can  be  seen  at  a  distance  of  100  miles. 

Agric'ola,  a  post-hnmlet  of  Glascock  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Ogeechee  River,  and  on  the  railroad  from  Augusta  to  San- 
dersville,  62  miles  S.W.  of  the  former, 

Agricola,  a  post-village  of  Coffee  co.,  Kansas,  about 
25  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  OtUwa. 

Agricultural  College,  Md.    See  College  Park. 

Agricul'tural  Col'Iege,  Mich.,  a  thriving  State  in- 
stitution, is  situated  3i  miles  E.  of  Lansing.  It  hiis  about  25 
teachers  and  375  students.  Value  of  college  plant,  $450,000  j 
endowment,  $1,000,000  ;  income,  $100,000. 

Agricultural  College,  Pa.    See  State  College. 

Agrigentum,  an  ancient  city  of  Sicily.    See  Girqknti. 

Agris,  4'gree',  a  village  of  Franco,  department  of  Cha- 
rente,  5  miles  N.E.  of  La  Rochefoucauld.     Pop.  1308. 


Agris,  6g'rfs,  or  Egrcs,  Sg'rfs,  a  Roumanian  village 
in  Hungary,  county  of  Arad.     Pop,  2663. 

Agropoli,  &-gr6i>'o-leo,  a  maritime  town  of  Italy,  pror- 
ince  and  30  miles  S.E.  of  Salerno.     Pop.  2217. 

Agua  Caliente,  &'gw&  k&-le-dn't4(i.e,, "  warm  water," 
or  "  warm  spring"),  a  post-hamlet  of  Maricopa  co.,  Aril,, 
on  the  Uila  River,  80  miles  S.W,  of  Phcenix. 

Agua  Caiiente,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  San  Francisco  &  North  Pacific  Railway,  45  miles  N.of 
San  Francisco. 

Aguachapa,  i'gwl-chi'p&,  a  town  of  Central  America, 
republic  of  San  Salvador,  30  miles  from  the  Pacific,  on  the 
road  between  the  city  of  Guatemala  and  Sonsonate.  Lat. 
14°  N.;  Ion,  89°  40'  W. 

Aguadilla,  &-gw&-neel'y&,  a  town  and  seaport  of  the 
island  of  Porto  Rico,  on  its  N.W.  coast,  65  miles  W.  of  Son 
Juan.     Pop.  8000.    The  anchorage  is  good. 

Agua  Dulce,  &'gw&  dool'si  {i.e.,  "sweet  water"),  a 
creek  of  Nueces  co,,  Tex.,  flows  into  Laguna  del  Madre, 

Agua  Fria,  I'gwl  free'i,  a  river  in  Arizona,  the  largest 
northern  tributary  of  the  Gila.  It  has  at  first  a  northward 
course,  but  turns,  and  thenceforth  flows  southward,  and  joins 
the  Gila  about  lat.  23°  25'  N. 

Agua  Fria,  &'gw&  free'&,  a  village  of  Mariposa  co., 
Cal.,  at  the  W.  base  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  about  70  miles 
S.E.  of  Stockton. 

Agua  Fria  (i.e.,  "cold  spring"),  a  small  village  of  New 
Mexico,  in  Santa  r6  co,,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Santa  F6.  It 
has  a  Roman  Catholic  chapel. 

Agua  Fria  Valley,  a  post-oflBce  of  Yavapai  co., 
Arizona,  16  miles  E.  of  Prescott. 

Aguapehi,  i'gw&pi-hee',  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  near 
lat.  16°  15'  S.,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  100  miles,  falls 
into  the  Jauru,  an  affluent  of  the  Paraguay. 

Aguarico,  &*gwi-ree'ko,  a  river  of  Ecuador,  rises  near 
the  Colombian  frontier,  and  flows  in  an  indirect  S.E.  course 
to  join  the  river  Napo,  traversing  several  lakes.  It  is  240 
miles  in  length,  and  flows  in  an  Indian  country. 

Aguaron,  &-gwi-ron',  a  village  of  Spain,  province  of 
Saragossa.     Pop.  2140. 

Aguas  Caiientes,  i'gwls  k4-le-Sn'tSs,  a  town  of 
Mexico,  state  of  Aguas  Caiientes,  270  miles  N.W.  of  the 
city  of  Mexico.  Lat.  22°  N.;  Ion.  101°  45'  W.  It  stands 
in  a  plain  upwards  of  6000  feet  above  the  sea,  and  is  favor- 
ably situated  for  trade,  the  road  from  Zacatecas  to  Sonera 
and  Durango  crossing  here  the  highway  from  San  Luis 
Potosi  to  Guadalajara.  It  has  numerous  churches,  con- 
vents, and  a  hospital,  and  is  surrounded  by  gardens  with 
olives,  vines,  figs,  pears,  &c.  In  the  vicinity  are  warm 
springs,  from  which  the  town  takes  its  name.     Pop.  32,355. 

Aguas  Caiientes,  a  state  of  Mexico,  on  the  Anahuiio 
plateau,  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  the  country.  High 
mountains  abound  in  the  western  part,  and  extensive  plains 
in  the  east.  Among  its  products  are  wheat,  barley,  beans, 
lithographic  and  building  stone,  and  precious  metals.  Capi> 
tal,  Aguas  Caiientes.     Pop.  (1890)  140,180. 

Aguas  Caiientes,  a  town  and  railway  station  of 
Peru,  27  miles  from  Arequipa.  Elevation,  9737  feet.  It 
has  copious  warm  sulphur  springs. 

Agua,  Volcan  ae.    See  Volcan  de  Agua. 

Agueda,  i-gi'ni,  a  river  of  Spain,  affluent  of  the  Douro^ 
forming  part  of  the  boundary  of  Portugal. 

Agueda,  L-gk'di,  a  town  of  Portugal,  district  of  Aveiro, 
in  Douro,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Aveiro.     Pop.  3561. 

Agugliano,  i-gool-yi'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  the 
March  of  Ancona.     Pop.  2802. 

Aguilar  de  Campo,  &-ghe-laR'  d&  k&m'po,  atown<tf 
Spain,  59  miles  N.N.E.  of  Palcncia,  on  the  Pisuerga,  sur- 
rounded by  ruined  walls.     Pop,  1637. 

Aguilar  de  Campos,  i-ghe-laR'  di  klm'poce,  atown 
of  Spain,  34  miles  N.W.  of  Valladolid.     Pop.  1026. 

Aguilar  de  la  Frontera,  i-ghe-laR'  di  li  fron- 
ti'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  22  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cordova,  on  the 
Cabra.  It  has  three  elegant  public  squares,  a  town-hall, 
several  chapels,  a  hospital,  a  dismantled  Moorish  castle,  and 
several  schools.     It  trades  in  corn  and  wine.     Pop.  12,300. 

Aguilas,  i'ghe-18,8,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Murcia,  on  the 
Mediterranean,  37  miles  S.AV.  of  Cartagena,  with  a  small 
but  secure  port.     It  exports  grain.     Pop.  about  5500. 

Agiiimes,  i-gwee'mfis,  a  town  of  the  Gran  Canarla 
Island,  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Guayadeque.     Pop.  3073. 

Agulenitza,  i-goo-lA-nit'sH,  a  town  of  Greece,  in  the 
Morea,  nome  of  Messenia,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Gastouni. 

Agulhas,  i-gool'yis  (sometimes  improperly  written 
Lagullas),  Cape  and  Bank.  The  former  is  in  lat.  34" 
51'  30"  S.,  Ion.  19°  50'  30"  E.,  being  the  southernmost 
point  of  Africa,  and  is  situated  about  100  miles  E.S.E.  from 


AQXJ 


443 


AIG 


the  Cape  of  Good  Hope.  Its  highest  part  is  455  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea.  A  light-house  on  the  cape  stands  on 
an  elevation  about  52  feet  above  high  water ;  the  tower  is 
70  feet  high,  and  the  light  is  seen  for  upwards  of  18  miles. 

Agur,  a  town  of  India.     See  Augguk. 

Agurpara,  or  Agarpara,  i-gar-pi'ri,  a  town  of 
India,  in  Bengal,  7  miles  N.  of  Calcutta,  It  has  a  church 
and  an  orphanage.     Pop.  26,801. 

Agyrium,  a  city  of  ancient  Sicily.    See  Agira. 

Ahadkoi,  3,-hid-koy',  a  village  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  Ana- 
tolia, G  miles  from  Ushak.  It  has  ruins  supposed  to  be  those 
of  the  ancient  Trajanopolis. 

Aliauta,  i-hin'ti,  a  state  on  the  Gold  Coast  of  Africa, 
extending  from  the  Ancober  to  the  Chama;  bounded  on  the 
W.  by  Apollonia,  and  on  the  E.  by  the  Fantee  territories.  It 
is  the  richest  and  most  improved  district  on  this  coast. 

Ahapop'ka)  a  large  lake  of  Orange  and  Sumter  cos., 
Fla.,  one  of  the  sources  of  the  Ocklawaha  River. 

Ahar,  i-har',  a  town  of  Persia,  province  of  Azerbaijan, 
on  an  affluent  of  the  Koor,  60  miles  N.E.  of  Tabreez.  It 
has  700  houses,  enclosed  by  a  ruined  wall. 

Ahaus,  3,'howss,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  "Westphalia,  on 
the  Aa,  27  miles  W.N.W.  of  Munster.     Pop.  1690. 

Ahii,  3,'ee'  or  Tyee',  or  Peacock  Island,  a  small 
uninhabited  island  in  the  Low  Archipelago,  Paumotu  group. 
Pacific  Ocean,  surrounded  by  a  coral  belt  from  200  to  500 
foot  in  breadth.     Lat.  14°  35'  S. ;  Ion.  143°  8'  AV. 

Ahiolo,  d-nee'o-lo,  Akhioli,  is-hee^o-lec',  or  Aki- 
alee,  i-kee'i-lee'  (anc.  Anchi'ale,  Ancld'alus),  a  town  and 
seaport  of  Eastern  Roumelia,  on  the  Black  Sea,  48  miles 
B.S.W.  of  Varna.  It  has  some  trade  in  salt. 
:  Ahlen,  i'l^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  18  miles 
S.E.  of  Miinster,  on  the  Worse.  It  has  distilleries,  oil- 
mills,  and  manufactures  of  linen.  Pop.  3535. 
,  Ahlfeld,  or  Alfeld,  fi,l'ffilt,  a  town  of  Prussia,  on  the 
Lcine,  and  on  a  railway,  27  miles  S.  of  the  city  of  Hanover. 
It  has  3  hospitals,  a  seminary,  and  paper-  and  oil-mills. 
Pop.  2815. 

Ahmar,  or  EI- Ahmar,  el-lh'mar  (the  "  red  mound"), 
called  also  £l-Koin,  the  site  of  Hieraconpolis,  a  very  an- 
cient city  of  Upper  Egypt,  which  stood  on  the  W.  bank  of 
the  Nile,  about  lat.  25°  10'  N.,  Ion.  32°  40'  E.,  nearly  op- 
posite El-Kab. 

Ahmedabad,  J,^med-i-bld'  (I'.e.,  "abode  of  Ahmed"), 
a  city  of  India,  presidency  of  Bombay,  capital  of  a  district 
of  its  own  name,  on  the  Sabermuttee  Kiver,  310  miles  by  rail 
N.  of  the  city  of  Bombay.  It  was  founded  in  1412,  and  was 
long  a  splendid  Mohammedan  capital,  but  has  greatly  de- 
clined. It  has  2  steam  cotton-mills  and  large  silk-works. 
Its  great  mosque  and  its  Jain  temple  are  fine  structures. 
Here  is  a  famous  well,  with  underground  galleries.  Pop. 
in  1881,  127,621. 

Ahincdabad,  a  district  of  Guzerat  province,  Bombay 
presidency,  India,  at  the  head  of  the  Gulf  of  Cambay,  lying 
W.  of  Kaira,  and  bounded  in  part  by  the  Guicowai"'s  territo- 
ries. Are.a,  3844  square  miles.  Capital,  Ahmcdabad.  Pop. 
(1872)  829,637.     It  is  low  and  hot,  but  produces  much  cotton. 

Ahmediinggur,  fl,'med-nug'gur,  or  Ah^madna'- 
gar,  a  city  and  fort,  capital  of  a  district  of  the  s<ame  name, 
on  the  Secna,  and  on  a  railway,  64  miles  N.E.  of  Poonah. 
Pop.  32,841.  The  city,  enclosed  by  a  wall,  is  half  a  mile 
from  the  fort,  which  is  stone  built,  1  mile  in  circuit,  and 
occupied  by  a  British  garrison.  It  was  taken  by  the  British 
under  General  Wellesley,  August  12,  1803.  Near  it  is  a 
fine  palace  of  the  former  native  princes. 

Ahmednuggur,  a  district  of  British  India,  province 
of  Guzerat.  Lat,  18°  6'-19°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  73°  40'-75°  37' 
E.  Area,  6577  square  miles.  Capital,  Ahmednuggur.  Pop. 
770,938. 

Ahmednuggur,  a  town  in  the  province  of  Guzerat,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Sabermuttee.  Lat.  23°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  73° 
10'  E,    Pop.  about  10,000. 

Ahmednuggur,  a  town  of  India,  North-West  Prov- 
inces, 40  miles  S.E.  of  Alighur.      Pop.  6740, 

Ahmedpoor-Barra,  8,-med-poor'  bar'ri  {i.e.,  "the 
great"),  a  town  of  Bhawlpoor,  Hindostan,  in  a  well-irrigated 
and  fertile  tract,  30  miles  S.AV.  of  Bhawlpoor.  Pop.  30,000, 
It  is  meanly  built,  but  has  a  large  mosque,  a  fort,  and  manu- 
fectures  of  gunpowder,  cotton,  silks,  and  scarfs. 

Ahmedpoor-Chuta,  choo'ti  {i.e.,  "the  little"),  a 
town  in  Hindostan,  Bhawlpoor,  near  the  Indus.  It  is  large, 
And  enclosed  by  mud  walls. 

Ahmed-Shahee  (or  Shahi).    See  Candahab, 

Ah^mood',  or  Amod,  a  town  of  British  India,  presi- 
dency of  Bombay,  12  miles  N.  by  AV.  of  Baroach,  Pop.  6125. 
■  _  Ahnapee,  or  Ahnepee,  ah-na-pee',  a  thriving  post- 
Tillage  and  township  of   Kewaunee  co.,  AVis.,  on   Lake 


Michigan,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Ahnapee  River,  about  100 
miles  N,  of  Milwaukee.  It  contains  6  churches,  6  hotels,  1 
newspaper  office,  25  stores,  2  tanneries,  2  grist-mills,  2  saw- 
mills, and  a  furniture-factory.  Pop.  of  the  village  in  1890, 
1015,  of  the  township,  1384. 

Ahr  or  Aar,  Ik,  a  river  of  Prussia,  in  the  Rhine  prov- 
ince, rising  in  the  EifFelberg  Mountains,  and  falling  into 
the  Rhine  near  Sinzig,  opposite  the  town  of  Lintz. 

Ahrensbok,  i'rens-bok',  a  village  of  Amt  Eutin,  in 
Holstein,  Germany,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Lubeck.     Pop.  1882. 

Ahrensburg,  S,'rens-booKG\  a  village  of  Prussia,  in 
Holstein,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Hamburg.     Pop.  1473. 

Ahrweiler,  au'^i'l^r,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  23 
miles  N.W.  of  Coblentz,  on  the  Ahr,  has  a  large  trade  in 
wine,  and  manufactures  of  woollens  and  leather.    Pop.  3803. 

Ahuachapam,  a,-wh4-ch4-pim',  a  town  of  San  Sal- 
vador, Central  America,  near  a  lake  of  the  same  name,  20 
miles  N.AV.  of  San  Salvador.     Pop.  8000,  one-half  Indians. 

Ahun,  3,'iiN»'  or  3.^huNo'  (anc.  Agedu'num),  a  town  of 
France,  department  of  Creuse,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Gucret.  Pop. 
2450.     In  its  vicinity  are  coal-mines. 

Ahus  or  Ahuis,  o'hooss,  a  village  of  Sweden,  on  the 
Baltic,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Christianstad,  of  which  it  is  the 
port,  having  a  good  harbor  at  the  mouth  of  the  HelgeA, 

Ahwaz,  fl,Viz',  or  Ah^wuz'  (written  also  Hawaz), 
a  town  of  Persia,  in  Khoozistan,  48  miles  S.  of  Shooster,  on 
the  Karoon.     Lat.  31°  22'  N. ;  Ion.  49°  E.     Pop.  1600. 

Ai,  i,  a  river  of  Russia  in  Europe,  province  of  Oren- 
boorg,  rising  in  the  Ural  Mountains,  flows  generally  N.AV., 
and  falls  into  the  river  Oofa,  after  a  course  of  170  miles. 

Ai,  a  town  of  France.    See  Ay. 

Ai,  1,  a  post-hamlet  in  Fulton  township,  Fulton  co.,  C, 
23  miles  AV.  of  Toledo.     It  has  a  church, 

Aias,  i'is  (anc.  jE'gte),  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the 
Gulf  of  Iskanderoon,  35  miles  S.E.  of  Adana. 

Aiasaluk,  or  Aiasalouk.    See  Ayasoolook, 

Aibling,  i'bling,  a  town  of  Upper  Bavaria,  28  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Munich.     It  has  mineral  baths.     Pop.  1963, 

Aicha  or  Aycha,  i'xi,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  19  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Buntzlau.     Pop.  2430, 

Aichach,  I'kIk,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Paar,  11 
miles  N.E.  of  Augsburg.     Pop.  2551. 

Aid,  ad,  a  post-office  at  Marion,  in  Aid  township,  Law- 
rence CO.,  0,     Pop.  of  township,  1476. 

Aidab,  rdS,b',  or  Djidyd,  je-deed',  a  seaport  town  of 
Nubia,  on  the  Red  Sea,  171  miles  N.AV.  of  Berenice,  Lat, 
22°  3'  N. ;  Ion,  37°  10'  E. 

Aiden,  a  village  of  California.    See  Adin, 

Aiden  (a'den)  Lair,  a  post-hamlet  of  Essex  co,,  N,T^ 
in  Minerva  township,  about  95  miles  N.  of  Albany, 

Aidenville,  a  village  of  California,    See  Adin, 

Aidin,  i-deen',  or  Guzel-Hissar,  gu^zil'  his'san', 
written  also  Iden  (anc.  Tral'lei),  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
in  Asia  Minor,  on  the  Mender,  81  miles  by  railway  S.E,  of 
Smyrna,  It  is  4  miles  in  circuit,  and  is  the  residence  of  a 
pasha,  and  a  place  of  great  trade.  Bazaars,  shaded  by  trees, 
line  the  streets.  It  contains  many  fine  mosques,  churches, 
and  synagogues.     Pop.  35,000. 

Aidin,  a  vilayet  or  province  of  Turkey,  in  Asia  Minor. 
Area,  19,950  square  miles.  Chief  towns,  Smyrna  (the  capi- 
tal), Manecsa,  and  Aidin.  Chief  exports,  grain,  carpets, 
cotton,  figs,  raisins,  galls,  liquorice,  opium,  sesame,  sponges, 
vallonia,  and  wool.     Pop.  1,040,570, 

Aidinjik,  rdin-jeck',  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  near  the 
peninsula  of  Cyzicus  and  Sea  of  Marmora,  60  miles  AV,  by 
N,  of  Brusa.     It  has  400  or  500  houses. 

Aidlingen,  Id'ling-en,  a  town  of  Wiirtembcrg,  Ger- 
many, 6  miles  AV.  of  Boblingen.     Pop.  1604. 

Aidone,  i-do'nA,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  of  Catania, 
35  miles  S.AV.  of  the  city  of  Catania.    Pop.  6418. 

Aidos,  i'dos\  a  town  of  Turkey,  in  Eastern  Roumelia, 
on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  75  miles  N.E.  of  Adrianople, 
It  has  extensive  ruins. 

Aielgorad,  a  town  of  Russia,    See  Akerman. 

Aieu,  a  native  name  of  Bootan, 

Aigash,  i'gash',  or  Aigas,  i-glss',  a  beautiful  island 
in  Inverness-shire,  Scotland,  formed  by  the  river  Bcauly. 

Aigen,  i'gh^n,  the  name  of  numerous  small  places  in 
Austria,  Bavaria,  and  AVUrtemberg. 

Aigie,  i'g'l,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Vaud,  21 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Lausanne.  Black  marble  is  quarried 
in  its  vicinity.     Pop.  3307, 

Aigle,  a  town  of  France.     See  Laigle, 

Aignan,  in-y6N»',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Gers,  20  miles  N.AV.  of  Mirande.     Pop,  1700, 

Aigre,  aign  or  5gR,  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Charente,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Angoul^me.    Pop.  1760. 


AIG 


444 


AIR 


AiKrefeaille^  ftlg'r'ful'  or  igYtv'yib,  a  village  of 
Fr&noo,  dvpartuent  of  Cherente-liifdrieure,  13  milM  bjr 
ml  N.  of  Uoobefort.     Pop.  1750. 

Aifnebelle,  aig'Mlr,  a  town  of  Fmnoe,  in  Savoy,  on 
the  left  bunk  of  the  Aro,  16  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Chamb6ry.  It 
to  oelebrated  for  the  victory  gained  by  the  French  and  Span- 
Urda  over  the  king  of  Savoy  in  1742.  Near  it  begins  the 
road  oonatructod  by  Napoleon  over  Mont  Conis.     Pop.  1080. 

Alguet'oudet  aig'f  ^Nd',  a  village  uf  France,  department 
of  Tivrn,  4  mile*  W.  of  iMaiamet.     Pop.  2041. 

Aiguepert*e»  aig'pfiiiss'  (L.  A'qua  Spar'ta),  a  town 
of  Fnince,  dojiartmont  of  Puy-de-DOme,  11  miles  by  rail 
N.N.E.  of  Kiom.     Pop.  2540.     It  has  mineral  springs. 

Aigues-Chaudcs.    See  Ewx  Chaudks. 

Aigues>AIortC8«  aig^moRt'  (L.  A'qute  Mor'tuse),  a 
lawn  of  Franco,  department  of  Gard,  in  a  marshy  tract,  on 
a  railway,  3  miles  from  the  Meiiterranean,  and  21  miles 
S.W,  of  Nimes.  It  still  retains  its  ancient  fortifications, 
which  present  a  perfect  specimen  of  a  feudal  fortress.  The 
town  is  full  of  medisDval  antiquities,  and  has  a  trade  in  fish, 
wine,  salt,  soap,  <to.  It  communicates  with  the  sea  by  tlie 
Grand  Robine  Canal.     Pop,  3935. 

Aigues-ViveSj  aig'veev'  (L.  A'qux  Vi'va),  a  village 
of  France,  in  Gard,  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Nimos.     Pop.  1900. 

Aiguille^  L',  a  mountain  of  France,  in  Isiire. 

AijjCuillon,  i'ghee^y6s»',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Lot-ct-Garonno,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Lot  (here 
crossed  by  a  tubular  railway  bridge)  with,  the  Garonne,  16 
miles  N.W.  of  Agen.     Pop.  3576. 

Aignii)  a-goon',  a  town  in  the  province  of  Manchooria, 
China,  on  the  A  moor,  about  18  miles  from  the  Russian  fron- 
tier, is  a  flourishing  trading  station,  and  the  scat  of  the  gov- 
ernor and  of  the  admiralty  administration  of  the  Amoor 
fleet.     Pop.  15,000. 

Aigurande,  &^gU^r6Nd',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Indre,  13  miles  S.W.  of  La  Chktre.     Pop.  1486. 

AijerbaiigiS)  i'y^r-bing'ghis,  a  town  of  the  East 
Indies,  on  the  \V.  coast  of  Sumatra,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Natal. 

A-ijoe  Islands,  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Aioc. 

Aiken,  a'ic^n,  a  county  of  South  Carolina,  bordering 
on  Georgia,  has  nn  area  of  about  1000  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Savannah  River,  and  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Edisto  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests;  the  soil  is 
fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  South  Carolina 
and  Richmond  A  Danville  Railroads.  Capital,  Aiken.  Pop. 
in  1880,  28,112;  in  1890,  31,822. 

Aiken,  a  town  and  county  of  Minnesota.     See  Aitkin. 

Aiken,  a  post-village  of  McKean  co.,  Pa.,  11  miles  by 
rail  S.  by  E.  of  Bradford. 

Aiken,  a  beautiful  post-town  and  health  resort,  the 
capital  of  Aiken  co.,  S.C.,  is  situated  on  the  South  Carolina 
Railroad,  17  miles  E.N.E.of  Augusta,  Ga.  It  has  9  churches, 
3  banks,  several  academies  and  high  schools  for  each  race, 
manufactures  of  bricks  and  fine  products,  and  2  newspaper 
ofiices.     Pop.  in  1890,  2362. 

Ailano,  I-li'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta, 
9  miles  W.  of  Piedimonte.     Pop.  1391. 

Aillevillers,  airy^^veePyia',  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Haute-Sa&ne,  on  the  Vesoul-Nancy  Railway,  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Luro.     Pop.  2745. 

Ailmouth,  a  town  of  England.     See  Alemouth. 

Ailsa  (Ale'sa)  Craig,  a  remarkable  island  of  columnar 
basalt,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Firth  of  Clyde,  in  Scotland, 
rising  to  an  elevation  of  1000  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
sea.     Lat.  55°  15'  N. ;  Ion.  5°  7'  W. 

Ailsa  Craig,  a  town  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  Canada, 
on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  24  miles  W.  of  London.  It 
contains  seveml  factories,  a  printing-ofiSce,  &o.     Pop.  750. 

Ailu  Islands,  Pacific.    See  Krusensteun  Islands. 

Ailutaki,  i-loo-til'kee,orWhylostacke,wi-lo8-til'ke, 
one  of  the  llervcy  Islands,  in  the  Pacific.  Lat.  18°  32'  S. ; 
Ion.  159°  24'  W.  It  is  9  miles  long,  hilly  and  fertile ;  and  its 
encircling  coral  reef  fences  it  from  the  sea  and  makes  the 
anchorage  good  for  small  vessels.  Its  native  people  are 
Christians.     Pop.  2000. 

Aimaraez,  or  Aymaraes,  i-m^-r^-es',  almost  i-m&- 
rice',  a  province  of  Peru,  department  of  Cuzco,  at  the  foot  of 
the  Cordillera  de  Huambo,  about  130  miles  long  (from  N.  to 
S.)  by  26  wide.     It  comprises  50  villages.     Pop.  15,000. 

Aimargues,  i'maug',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Gard,  on  a  railway,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Nimes.     Pop.  2830. 

Ainie>  (or  Ayme-)  la-Cote,  aim-  (or  dm)  l&-k&t' 
(ano.  Axima),  a  village  of  Franco,  in  Savoy,  9  miles  N.E. 
of  Moutiers.     Pop.  1060. 

AiUf  &H*  (anc.  Danu*  t),  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  the 


Jnrn  Mountains,  near  Nozeroy,  and  Joins  the  Rhone  on  tht 
right,  18  miles  above  Lyons.     Length,  118  miles. 

Ain,  a  department  in  the  E.  of  France,  bordering  on 
Switzerland.  Area,  2258  square  miles.  Pop.  366,402.  Oa 
the  E.  it  is  mountjiinous,  and  in  the  S.  and  AV.  ninrshy. 
The  Rhone  bounds  it  on  the  E.  and  S.,  and  the  Saline  on 
the  W. ;  the  Ain  traverses  its  centre.  Chief  town,  Rourg. 
The  number  of  artificial  lakes  in  the  department — the  largest 
not  above  2  miles  long — exceeds  ICOO.  They  are  found  in 
the  marshy  tract  called  La  Dombes,  and  aro  niuintainud  for 
fish-breeding,  but  at  regular  intervals  are  drained  oft"  and 
their  bods  afford  crops  of  grain. 

Ain,  dne,  or  ine,  an  Arabic  word  signifying  "fountain," 
forming  a  ]>art  of  the  names  of  numerous  places  in  Arabia 
and  North  Africa. 

Ain,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co.,  Ark. 

Ainad,  i'n&d',  or  Ainaud,rnaud',a  town  and  district 
of  Arabia,  Hadramaut,  on  the  Wady  Hagger,  200  miles  N.B. 
of  Aden.     Lat.  15°  12'  N. ;  Ion.  47°  10'  W.     Pop.  10,000. 

Ainada,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Inada. 

Ainay-le^'Ch&teau,  i^nd'-l^h-shdHi',  a  town  of 
Franca,  in  Allier,  20  miles  N.  of  Montluoon.     Pop.  2200. 

Ain>Madi,  &ne-mi'deo\  a  town  of  Algeria,  built  on  a 
hill,  about  40  miles  W.  of  Laghouat.     Pop.  about  500. 

Aino,  i'no,  Ainoo,  or  Ainou,  i'noo,  a  race  of  men 
inhabiting  the  Kooril  Islands,  Yesso,  Saghalin,  and  parts  of 
the  Siberian  province  of  Primorskaya.  The  Japanese,  Loo- 
ohooans,  and  Coreans  are  believed  to  be  largely  of  Aino 
descent.  The  Ainos  aro  a  gentle  and  inoficnsive  race,  but 
little  elevated  above  the  savage  state.  They  have  full 
beards,  and  are  the  "  hairy  Koorils"  of  navigators ;  but 
the  statement  that  their  bodies  arc  entirely  covered  with 
hair  is  an  exaggeration.  In  Japan  they  are  called  Moziuf 
in  Siberia,  Uhiliak ;  and  it  is  asserted  that  some  of  the 
native  tribes  of  Formosa  and  the  Malay  Islands  are  of 
Aino  stock. 

Ain>Oonah,  &ne-oo'n&h,  or  Ainune,  I-noo'n$h,  a 
haven  of  Arabia,  on  the  Red  Sea,  E.  of  the  entrance  to  the 
Gulf  of  Akabah.  Lat.  28°  3'  N. ;  Ion.  35°  18'  E.  The  inte- 
rior of  the  haven  is  about  12  miles  long,  6  broad,  and  from 
12  to  13  fathoms  in  depth ;  a  secure  place  of  shelter. 

Ain-Salah,  &ne-  (or  ine-)  s&'lih,  or  Insalah,  In- 
si'lih,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  Sahara,  district  of  Tooat. 

Ain>Scfisifa,  dne-si-fe-se-fi',  or  simply  Sefisifa,  a 
village  of  Algeria,  161  miles  S.S.W.  of  Oran.     Pop.  400. 

Ain-Sefra,  dne-s£f  r&,  a  village  of  Algeria,  151  milei 
S.S.W.  of  Oran.     Lat.  33°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  1°  W.     Pop.  800. 

Ainsty,  inc'stee,  a  district  of  England,  in  tiio  West 
Riding  of  Yorkshire.     Are.a,  84  square  miles. 

Ainsworth,  anz'wprth,  a  post-village  of  Washington 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  a  railroad,  32  miles  W.S.W.  of  Muscatine.  It 
has  4  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  350. 

Ainsworth,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Brown  co..  Neb., 
184  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Ncligh.  It  has  2  churches,  2 
banks,  and  3  newspapers.     Pop.  (1890)  733. 

Aintab,  dne-tab'  (anc.  Avtiochi'a  ad  Tau'rum),  a  town 
of  Asiatic  Turkey,  on  the  S.  slope  of  Mount  Taurus,  60 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Alepno.     Pop.  20,000. 

Ain-Tacazze,  ine-tl-kAt'si  {i.e.,  the  "fountain  or 
source  of  the  Tacazze"),  a  small  lake  in  Abyssinia,  in  the  S. 
part  of  Tigrc,  whence  flows  the  river  Tacazze. 

Ain-Tedi^s,  ine-tSd'laz,  a  village  of  Algeria,  province 
of  Oran,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Mostaganem.     Pop.  3039. 

Ain-Zarbc,  dne-zan'b^h,  Anazarbus,  &-n&-zaR'biis, 
or  Anzarba,  du-zaR'bd  (anc.  Ciesare'a  Awjui'ta),  a  town 
of  Asiatic  Turkey,  pashalic  of  Adana,  on  the  Jyhoon  (anc. 
Pyr'amus),  35  miles  N.E.  of  Adana,  and  formerly  a  resi- 
dence of  tbo  Christian  princes  of  Antioch. 

Aiou,  i'ow\  (or  Yowl)  Islands,  a  circular  group  of 
low  isles  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  about  100  miles  N.  by 
W.  from  the  N.W.  extremity  of  Papua  or  New  Guinea. 

Aipc,  i'p?h,  a  town  of  the  United  States  of  Colombia, 
state  of  Tolima,  22  miles  N.  of  Neyva.     Pop.  3450. 

Air,  ir,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  Shahabad.     Pop.  3454. 

Air,  or  Ahir.    See  Asbes. 

Airaines,  4'rine'  or  d'rfin',  a  commune  and  town  of 
France,  department  of  Somme,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Amiens, 
with  important  manufactures.     Pop.  2127. 

Airasca,  i-ris'k4,  a  town  of  Italy,  5  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Pinerolo.     Pop.  2080. 

Airconrt,  a  town  of  Ireland.    See  Eyrecourt. 

Airdrie,  air'dree,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Lanark,  11 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Glasgow,  with  which  it  is  connected  by 
canal  and  railway.  Pop.  13,448.  It  is  well  built,  paved, 
and  lighted  with  gas;  has  a  neat  town-house,  a  publio 
library,  banks,  and  several  schools  and  charities.  The  iron 
and  cool  of  its  vicinity  aro  very  extensively  wrought.    It 


AIB 


445 


AJM 


unites  with  Lanark,  Hamilton,  <to.,  in  sending  »ne  member 
to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Airds  (airdz),  The,  a  district  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Argyle, 
remarkable  for  its  picturesque  seenery. 

Aird's  Moss,  a  tract  of  moorland  in  Scotland,  co.  of 
Ayr,  between  the  Ayr  and  the  Lugar. 

Aire,  aiR,  or  Aire-sur-l'Adour,  aiR-siiR-lA'doon' 
(anc.  Vi'ctis  Ju'lius,  afterwards  Atu'res),  an  episcopal  town 
of  France,  department  of  Landes,  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
Adour,  20  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Mont-de-Marsan.  It  is 
irell  built,  and  contains  a  college  and  a  cathedral.  It  was  at 
one  time  the  capital  of  the  Visigoths.     Pop.  4361. 

Aire,  aiR,  or  Aire-sur-ia-Lys,  aiR-silK-14-leece',  a 
fortified  town  of  France,  department  of  Pas-de-Calais,  on 
the  navigable  river  Lys,  and  on  three  canals,  10  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  St.  Omer.  Pop.  8303.  It  is  well  built,  has  a 
Gothic  church,  belfry,  barracks,  library,  and  college,  and 
is  the  seat  of  varied  manufactures. 

Aire,  air,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  York,  joins  the  Ouse 
5  miles  N.W.  of  Goole.     Chief  affluent,  the  Calder. 

Airey,  a  village  of  Ontario.     See  Aldborougii. 

Airey's,  air'Iz,  a  post- village  of  Dorchester  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Dorchester  &,  Delaware  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Cam- 
bridge.    It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Air'field,  a  post-office  of  Southampton  co.,  Va. 

Air  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  0.,  is  at  Weaver 
Station,  on  a  railroad,  8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Dayton. 

Air  Line,  a  post-office  of  Hart  co.,  Ga.,  6  miles  from 
Hftrtwell. 

Air  Mount,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yalabusha  co.,  Miss.,  12 
miles  from  CotFeeville.     It  has  a  church. 

Airola,  i-ro'll,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Benevento, 
23  miles  N.E.  of  Naples.     Pop.  5110. 

Airole,  i-ro'li,  a  village  of  Northwestern  Italy,  province 
of  Porto  Maurizio.     Pop.  1624. 

Airolo,  i-ro'lo  (Ger.  Alberatoeil,  S.l'b§rs-^ir ;  Romansh, 
Erids,  A're-els),  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Tieino, 
at  the  S.  end  of  the  St.  Gothard  railway  tunnel,  26  miles  N. 
W.  of  Bellinzona.  Pop.  1724.  This  was  the  scene  of  a  battle 
between  the  Russians  and  French,  13th  of  September,  1799. 

Airvault,  ainVo',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Deux-Sovres,  23  miles  N.N.B.  of  Parthenay,     Pop.  1735. 

Air'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co..  Pa.,  in  Lower 
Chanceford  township,  about  45  miles  S.E.  of  Harrisburg. 
It  has  a  church. 

Airy  Dale,  a  post-office  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa. 

Aisne,  ain  or  en  (anc.  Ax'ona),  a  river  of  France,  rises 
in  the  department  of  Meuse,  passes  Soissons,  and  is  joined 
by  the  Oise  near  Compiegne.     Length,  175  miles. 

Aisne,  a  department  in  the  N.  of  France.  Pop.  560,427. 
Area,  2322  square  miles.  Surface  flat;  soil  fertile;  agri- 
culture good.  Chief  rivers,  Marne  in  the  S.,  Oise  in  the 
N.,  and  Aisne  in  the  centre, — all  navigable.  Manufactures 
very  important.     Principal  town,  Laon. 

Aistersheim,  is'terz-hime\  a  village  of  Upper  Austria, 
about  13  miles  W.  of  Wels.     Pop.  2175. 

Aithiopia,  a  country  of  ancient  Africa.    See  Ethiopia. 

Aithlone,  a  town  of  Ireland.    See  Athlose. 

Aitkin,  at'kin,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Min- 
nesota, has  an  area  of  about  900  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.W.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by 
Lake  Mille  Lacs.  The  soil  is  partly  productive.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Aitkin. 
Pop.  in  1870,  178;  in  1880,  366;  in  1890,  2462. 

Aitkin,  a  post-town,  the  capital  of  Aitkin  co.,  Minn., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  Northern  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 88  miles  W.  of  Duluth.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  logging- 
sleighs,  boats,  and  lumber.  In  the  vicinity  are  numerous 
picturesque  lakes.  Steamers  ascend  the  Mississippi  175 
miles  above  this  place.     Pop.  (1890)  1043. 

Aitutakai,  an  island  in  the  Pacific.    See  Ailctaki. 

Aiv,  a  village  of  England.    See  Avebury. 

Aivali,  Aiwaly,  i-vi'leo  (written  also  Aiwalik),  or 
Kidonia,  kee-do'ne-3,  (anc.  Heracle'a),  a  seaport  town 
of  Asia  Minor,  28  miles  S.W.  of  Adramyti,  on  the  strait 
opposite  the  island  of  Mitylene. 

Aix,  ka,  or  iks  (anc.  A'quse  Sex'tix),  a  city  of  France, 
department  of  Bouches-du-Rhone,  capital  of  the  arrondisse- 
iiient,  on  a  railway,  17  miles  N.  of  Marseilles.  Pop.  24,892. 
The  modern  town  is  well  built,  with  squares,  fountains,  and 
boulevards.  It  is  the  seat  of  an  archbishop,  and  has  a  fine 
cathedral,  palace,  town  hall,  court  of  assizes,  academy,  a 
library  of  100,000  volumes,  museum,  college,  barracks,  pub- 
lic granaries,  and  numerous  public  buildings.  The  hot 
saline  spring  used  by  the  Romans  exists  in  a  suburb,  where 
are  remains  of  antiquity.    Aix  has  cotton-thread  and  silk 


factories,  cloth-printing  works,  and  an  active  trade  in  fine 
olive  oil  and  fruits. 

Aix,  or  Aix-Ies«Bains,  iks-li-b4N»'  (anc.  A'qum 
Gratia'nx),  a  very  ancient  town  of  France,  in  Savoy,  on  » 
railway,  8  miles  N.  of  Chambfiry,  in  a  fertile  and  delightful 
valley  near  the  Lake  of  Bourget.  Pop.  4182.  It  is  much 
resorted  to  for  its  thermal  waters,  and  has  numerous  remainfl 
of  antiquity. 

Aix  a'Angillon,  iks  d5N<''zhee^y6N<>',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Cher,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Bourges.     Pop.  1602. 

Aix-en-Othe,  4ks-6n-ot',  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Aube,  on  the  Nesle,  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Troyea. 
Pop.  2779. 

Aixe- sur- Vienna,  iks-siiR-ve'Snn',  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  Haute- Vienne,  on  the  Vienne,  and  on  a  rail- 
way, 6  miles  S.AV.  of  Limoges.     Pop.  3308. 

Aix-la-Chapelle,dks-ia,-shi'peir  {l,.Aquia  Granum; 
Ger.  Aachen,  3,'K§n,  i.e.,  "waters,"  or  "fountains,"  equiva- 
lent to  the  Latin  Aqux,  a  name  given  by  the  Romans  to  warm 
springs ;  see  Aa),  a  frontier  city  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  capital 
of  the  government  of  Aachen,  44  miles  by  rail  W.S.AV.  of 
Cologne.  It  is  well  built  and  handsome,  with  a  cathedral 
founded  in  796,  a  town  hall  on  the  site  of  Charlemagne's 
palace,  several  fine  churches,  celebrated  mineral  baths, 
which  have  a  great  reputation  for  the  cure  of  rheumatism 
and  diseases  of  the  blood  (temperature  from  111°  to  114° 
Fahr.),  many  hospitals,  a  public  library,  gymnasium,  cham- 
ber of  commerce,  and  an  elegant  theatre.  As  the  chief 
station  of  the  Belgo-Rhenish  Railway,  connecting  with 
Antwerp,  Ostend,  and  Cologne,  Aix-la-Chapelle  attbrds  an 
extensive  mart  to  the  commerce  of  Prussia,  and  is  the  seat 
of  commercial  and  factory  courts.  It  has  some  manufac- 
tures, especially  of  cloth,  needles,  gloves,  leather,  chemicals, 
linen,  paints,  cutlery,  iron,  stoneware,  Ac.  As  early  as  the 
twelfth  century  its  gold-  and  silversmiths  and  cloth-weavers 
were  in  high  repute.    Pop.  in  1875,  95,725  ;  in  1890, 103,491. 

In  the  market-place  is  a  bronze  statue  of  Charlemagne, 
whose  favorite  residence  was  here,  and  whose  successors  in 
the  empire  were  crowned  at  Aix-la-Chapelle  until  the  six- 
teenth century.  Two  celebrated  treaties  of  peace  were  con- 
cluded hero :  (1)  between  France  and  Spain,  by  which  France 
secured  possession  of  Flanders,  in  1688;  and  (2)  in  1748, 
which  terminated  the  war  of  succession  in  Austria.  An  in- 
ternational congress  was  held  here  in  1818. 

Aizenay,  i'z?h-ni',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Vend6e,  5  miles  N.W.  of  La  Roche-sur-Yon.     Pop.  990. 

Aja,  a  city  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Hague. 

Ajaccio,  i-yit'cho,  or  Ajazzo,  A-yit'so,  a  seaport, 
the  capital  of  Corsica,  is  situated  on  its  W.  coast,  at  the  N. 
of  the  gulf  of  the  same  name,  in  lat.  41°  54'  N.,  Ion.  8°  44' 
E.  Pop.  16,545.  It  is  built  in  an  agreeable  situation,  with 
a  good  port  defended  by  a  citadel.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop, 
and  has  a  cathedral,  courts,  medical  schools,  prison,  hospital, 
a  library  of  27,000  volumes,  and  an  active  trade  in  wine, 
oil,  and  coral.  Napoleon  Bonaparte  was  born  here  on  the 
15th  of  August,  1769;  the  house  is  still  standing. 

Ajain,  i^zhixo',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Creuse,  8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Gueret.     Pop.  2027. 

Ajan,  i-zhdn',  a  country  of  Africa,  extending  along  its 
E.  coast  from  Cape  Guardafui  to  Zanguebar,  between  lat.  4° 
and  11°  N.,  bounded  N.  by  Adel,  E.  by  the  Indian  Ocean. 
Chief  towns,  Brava,  Magadoxo,  and  Melinda. 

Ajasaluk,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Ayasoolook. 

Ajazzo,  a  city  of  Corsica.    See  Ajaccio. 

Ajeho,  a  town  of  Manchooria.     See  A-She-Hoh. 

Ajello,  a,-y5l'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Cosenza. 
Pop.  3074.     It  is  supposed  to  replace  the  ancient  I'iUsio. 

Ajello,  a  small  town  of  Italy,  province  and  4  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Salerno.    Pop.  980. 

Ajello,  a  town  of  Italy,  21  miles  S.S.E.  of  Aquila.  Pop. 
1630. 

Ajello,  a  town  of  lUyria,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Goritz.  Pop. 
1469. 

Ajello  del  Sabato,  J-ySl'lo  dfil  sA-bi'to,  a  village  of 
Italy,  province  and  3  miles  S.E.  of  Avellino.     Pop.  1443. 

Ajeta,  i-yi'tS,,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Cosenza,  8 
miles  N.  of  Scalea.     Pop.  3380. 

Ajistan,  i-jis-tin',  a  town  of  Persia,  province  of  Irak- 
Ajemee,  80  miles  E.S.E.  of  Kashan.  It  is  large  and  strag- 
gling, is  surrounded  by  gardens,  and  has  a  royal  palace. 

Ajraeer,  Ajmere,  ij-meer',  or  Riupootana,  rSj- 
poo-ti'n3,,  a  city,  capital  of  the  province  of  Ajmeer,  220 
miles  S.W.  of  Delhi.  Pop.  34,763.  It  is  regularly  built 
and  handsome,  has  a  large  bazaar,  a  college,  and  English 
and  native  schools.     It  manufactures  oil  and  cotton  goods. 

Ajmeer,  or  Ajmir,  a  province  of  India,  in  Rajpootana. 
Lat.  25°  43'-26°  42'  N.;  Ion.  74°  22'-75°  33'  E.    Area, 


xjd 


446 


AKft 


2A61  square  miles.    Portions  are  very  fertile,  but  many 
Uraots  are  barren.    Capital,  Ajmeer.     Pop.  about  500,000. 

AJef^in,  &-Bo-freen',  a  town  of  Sfiain,  in  New  Castile, 
prorinoe  and  9  miles  S.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  283.3. 

AJuda*  &-ihoo'd&,  a  Portun^ueeie  colony  in  West  AfHoa. 
Area,  14  square  miles.     Pop.  4500. 

AJadhia,  a  town  of  India.    See  Oitdk. 

AJun'tah  (the  "strong  pass"),  a  large  fortified  town  of 
British  India,  famous  for  its  rock-hewn  temples,  53  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  Aurungabod. 

AJuruoca,  4-ihoo-roo-o'lci,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province 
of  Minas-Geraes,  on  the  Ajuruooa  Iliver,  117  miles  N.E.  of 
Rio  Janeiro.  The  district  is  rich  in  tobacco,  millet,  man- 
dioca,  sugar-cane,  and  cofleo.     Pop.  12,000. 

Akabah,  &'k&-bil,  a  fortified  villago  of  Arabia,  on  the  E. 
■IJe  of  the  Gulf  of  Akabah,  near  its  N.  extremity.  Lat.  29° 
24'  30"  N. ;  Ion.  35°  6'  E.  Its  former  names,  Elana  and 
Ailnh,  ore  preserved  in  the  name  of  the  Greek  bishopric  for 
the  Sinai  peninsula.    See  Gulf  op  Akabah. 

Ak^aligur',  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  between  the  Chenaub 
and  the  llavee.     Lat.  32°  17'  N. ;  Ion.  73°  37'  E. 

Akalzik,  a  city  of  Russia.    See  Akhalzikh. 

Aknniboe,  a  country  of  Africa.    See  Aquambo. 

Akan,  a  township  of  Wisconsin.    See  Ake^. 

Akarao,  &-kd-rJl'o,  a  town  and  harbor  in  Banks' penin- 
sula, province  of  Canterbury,  New  Zealand;  settled  by  the 
French.     Lat.  43°  54'  S. ;  Ion.  173°  1'  E.     Pop.  2722. 

Akasec,  or  Akasi,  ^-kjl-see',  a  town  of  Japan,  island 
of  Hondo.    See  also  Akhalzikh. 

Akashansk,  or  Akaschansk,  &-kilsh-&nsk',  a  town 
of  Asiatic  Russia,  government  of  Irkootsk,  on  the  Onon. 

Akassa,  &^k&s-gi'.  Noon,  Noun,  or  Nun,  noon,  a 
town  or  village  of  Morocco,  at  the  mouths  of  the  river  Noon. 

Akassa,  a  river  of  Africa.     See  Noon. 

Akaszto,  6k-(3s8'to,  a  village  of  Hungary,  county  of 
Pesth,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Kis-Koros.     Pop.  2423. 

Akato,  i-k4'to,  a  town  of  Japan,  island  of  Hondo. 

Akbarabad,  a  city  of  India.    See  Agra. 

Ak-Uashi-Ijiman,  the  ancient  Sestoi.    See  Sestos. 

Ak^berpore',  or  Ak^barpoor',  a  town  of  India,  dis- 
trict and  27  miles  W.  of  Cawnpoor.     Pop.  5497. 

Akchehr,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Akshehr. 

Ak-Deyavin,  ik-di-yi-veen',  a  village  of  Syria,  40 
miles  S.E.  of  Aleppo,  with  some  remarkable  ruins. 

Akeer,  or  Akir,  i-keer',  a  village  in  the  S.  part  of 
Palestine,  near  the  right  bank  of  Wady-es-Surar. 

Aken,  i'k^n,  or  Acken,  ik'k^n,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  on  the  Elbe,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Magdeburg.  Pop. 
6270. 

Aken,  or  Akan,  S'k^n,  a  post-township  of  Richland  co.. 
Wis.,  9  miles  from  Richland  Centre.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
woollen-mill.     Pop.  982. 

Akereh,  i'ki-r^h,  a  town  or  large  village  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  Koordistan,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  Zebari  range,  35 
miles  N.E.  of  Mosul.     It  has  about  500  houses. 

Akcrinan,  Akkerman,  ^'k^r-min^  Akierman, 
&k'y?r-min\  or  Aielgorad,  4-y5rgo-rid'  (anc.  Ty'ran), 
a  fortified  town  of  Russia,  in  Bessarabia,  on  the  right  bank 
ttf  the  Dniester,  near  the  Black  Sea,  opposite  Ovidiopol,  28 
mil»!  S.W.  of  Odessa.  Lat.  46°  11'  51"  N. ;  Ion.  30°  21'  52" 
£.  Pop.  45,598.  It  has  a  port,  fisheries,  and  an  extensive 
trade  in  salt  from  adjacent  lakes. 

Akershus,  an  amt  of  Norway.     See  AoGERSHuns. 

Akersloot,  i'k^r-slote',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  North  Holland,  5  miles  S.  of  Alkmaar.     Pop.  1319. 

■  Akersund,  i'k^r-soond^  a  town  of  Sweden,  on  the  N. 
shore  of  Lake  Wetter,  112  miles  W.S.W.  of  Stockholm. 

A'kersville,  a  post-hamlct  of  Fulton  co.,  Pa.,  in  Brush 
Creek  township,  about  34  miles  W.  of  Chambersburg.  It 
has  -a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Akhah  Shehr,  i'Ki  shSh'r  (Akhissar?),  a  small 
seaport  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the  Black  Sea,  15  miles  S.W.  of 
Ereglee.     Some  ship-building  is  here  carried  on. 

Akhalkalaki,  l-Kil-ki-ia'kee,  or  Akhalkalak,  k- 
Kll-k4-lik',  a  town  and  fort  of  Russian  Armenia,  on  a  trib- 
utary of  the  Koor,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Akhalzikh. 

Akhalzikh,  Achalzig,  or  Akalzik,  fl,-Ka,l-zeeK', 
called  also  Akiska,  i-kis'ki,  and  Akasi,  i-ki'see,  a  city 
of  Asiatic  Russia,  in  Georgia,  on  an  afiluent  of  the  Koor, 
103  miles  W.  of  Tiflis.  Lat.  41°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  43°  1'  E.  Pop. 
15,977.  It  has  a  castle,  a  mosque,  many  churches,  a  syna- 
gogue, and  an  active  trade. 

Akhioli,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Ahiolo. 

Ak-Hissar,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Kroya. 

Ak-IIissar,  ik'his-san'  {i.e.,  "white  castle"),  or  Ek- 
Hissar  (anc.  Thyati'ra),  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  68  miles 
N.E.  of  Smyrna.     Pop.  8000.     It  has  Turkish,  Greek,  and 


Armenian  dwellings,  several  khans  and  bazaars,  a  Greek 
school,  and  remains  of  antiquity.     It  exports  cotton  goods. 

Akhlat,  &KM&t',  Ardish,  an'deesh',  or  KhcMat',  a 
town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  on  the  W.  shore  of  Lake  Van,  35 
miles  N.W.  of  Van.  It  is  the  see  of  an  Armenian  bishop. 
Pop.  5000.  ' 

Akhmym,  or  Achmim,  &K-meem',  sometimes  Ekh- 
mym  (anc.  Ckem'mU  and  Pauop'oUi),  a  town  of  Egypt,  on 
the  Nile.     Lat.  26°  40' N. ;  Ion.  31°  50' E.     Pop.  10,00 Ov 

Akhtiar,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Sevastopol. 

Akhtirka,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Achtyrka. 

Akhun,  one  of  the  Aleutian  Islands.    See  Akoox. 

Akialee,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Ahiolo. 

A'kin,apost-villagoof  Franklin  CO.,  111.,  16  milesS.W. of 
McLeansborough.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  plough-factory. 

Akir,  a  village  of  Palestine.    See  Akeek. 

Akiska,  a  city  of  Russia.    See  Akhalzikh. 

Ak'ita,  a  town  of  Japan,  island  of  Hondo.  Lat.  39* 
45'  N.     Pop.  30,602. 

Akka,  llk'k&,  a  villnge  of  Sahara,  on  the  borders  of 
Morocco,  in  lat.  28°  30'  N.,  Ion.  10'  W.  It  is  a  station  for 
the  caravans  between  Morocco  and  Timbuctoo.    Pop.  1000. 

Akka,  a  town  of  Syria.    See  Acre. 

Akiansk,  &k-l&nsk',  a  garrisoned  town  of  Siberia,  gov- 
ernmentofYakootsk.    Lat.  03°  N.;  Ion.  167°  E.    Pop.  2000. 

Akmetchet,  or  Akmedshid.    See  Simferopol. 

Ak^moPlinsk',  a  government  of  Russia,  in  Central 
Asia,  on  the  Kirghecz  steppe,  bounded  N.  by  Tobolsk,  E. 
by  Semipalatinsk,  S.  by  Toorkistan,  W.  by  Toorgai.  Cap. 
AkmoUinsk.     Area,  210,555  square  miles.     Pop.  381,900. 

Akmollinsk,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia,  capital  of  th« 
government  and  district  of  the  same  name.  It  is  on  tho 
river  Ishim.     Pop.  3130. 

Aknur,  a  town  of  India.    See  AamrR. 

Akoat,  Akoote,  or  Akot,  &-kot',  a  town  of  India, 
district  and  31  miles  N.N.E.  of  Akola.  It  haa  a  great  trade 
in  cotton.     Pop.  14,006. 

Akola,  &-ko'I&,  a  city  of  Hindostan,  in  the  Akola  dis> 
trict,  55  miles  S.W.  of  Ellichpoor,on  a  railway.  Pop.  12,236. 
It  has  a  high  school,  and  is  surrounded  by  extensive  ruins. 

Akola,  a  district  of  Western  Berar,  India.  Lat.  20°  23'- 
21°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  76°  25'-77°  19'  E.  Area,  3396  square  miles. 
Pop.  649,134. 

Akoon,  Akoun,  or  Akun,  &^koon',  written  also  Ak* 
hun,  i-Koon',  one  of  the  Fox  Group,  Aleutian  Islands. 
Lat.  54°  17'  N.;  Ion.  165°  32'  W.    It  is  an  active  volcano. 

Akoosha,  or  Akuscha,  &-koo'sh&,  a  territory  and 
town  of  Russia,  in  Daghestan.  The  former  occupies  the  E. 
slope  of  the  Caucasus.  The  town,  capital  of  the  district,  is 
situated  55  miles  W.N.W.  of  Dorbend.     Pop.  5860. 

Akootan,  Akoutan,  or  Akutan,  &-koo-t&n',  also 
written  Akuton,  one  of  the  Aleutian  Islands,  between  Oo- 
niinak  and  Oonalaska,  has  an  active  volcano  3332  feet  high, 
has  many  hot  springs,  and  is  said  to  contain  much  sul])hur. 

Akora,  3,-ko'r4,  a  town  of  Afghanistan,  on  the  Cabool 
River,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Attock. 

Akoucha,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Akoosba. 

Akowaay,  S,-ko-wS,'i  or  i-ko-wi',  a  town  and  inde- 
pendent settlement  on  the  Guinea  Coast.  The  former  is 
well  built  for  a  town  in  this  part  of  Africa.     Pop.  7000. 

Akrabeh,  ilk'ri'b?h,  a  large  town  of  Palestine,  lat.  32' 
10'  N.,  Ion.  35°  25'  E. 

Akree,  or  Akri,  ik'ree,  a  Moslem  village  of  Palestine,! 
15  miles  W.N.AV,  of  Jerusalem ;  probably  the  ancient  Ekroit^ 

Akreyri,  ik-ri'ree,  a  town  of  Iceland,  on  tho  Eyiafiord. 
Lat.  65°  40'  N.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  and  is,  next  to 
Reikiavik,  the  most  important  trading-place  in  Iceland. 

Ak'ron  (P.  0.,  Akron  Junction),  a  village  of  Hale  co., 
Ala.,  on  the  Black  Warrior,  25  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Iu*« 
caloosa.     Pop.  250. 

Akron,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Washington  co.,  CoL, 
112  miles  by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Denver.  It  has  2  churches, 
2  banks,  and  2  newspaper  ofiiccs.     Pop.  in  1890,  559. 

Akron,  a  post-township  of  Peoria  co..  111.,  about  18 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Peoria.     Pop.  1185. 

Akron,  a  post-village  of  Fuiton  co.,  Ind.,  about  28  miles 
N.E.  of  Logansport.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  news* 
paper  oflSce,  a  saw-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  700. 

Akron,  a  post-town  of  Plymouth  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Big 
Sioux  River,  33  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Sioux  City.  It  con- 
tains 3  churches,  2  banks,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  newspapei^ 
office.     Pop.  in  1890,  494. 

Akron,  a  post-township  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich.,  25  milei 
by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Saginaw.    It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  586'. 

Akron,  a  post-village  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  on  a  branch 
of  the  Central  Railroad,  16  miles  W.  of  Batavia.  It  has  6 
churches,  2  grist-mills,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  floa^ 


AKR 


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and  cement,  the  latter  having  a  very  vpide  and  high  reputa- 
tion.    Pop.  in  1880,  1036;  in  1890,  1492. 

Akron,  a  beautiful  and  flourishing  city,  the  capital  of 
Summit  co.,  0.,  is  a  manufacturing,  mineral,  and  railroad 
centre,  39  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Cleveland,  131  miles  by 
rail  N.E.  of  Columbus,  and  252  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Cin- 
cinnati. It  is  on  the  Ohio  Canal,  960  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  sea,  and  400  feet  above  the  level  of  Lake  Erie.  It 
has  an  active  trade  in  gi-ain  and  extensive  manufactures  of 
agricultural  implements.  Akron  has  33  churches,  7  banks, 
public  schools,  a  high  school  which  cost  $100,000,  a  public 
library,  boiler-works,  brick-  and  fire-brick-works,  a  paint- 
and  oil-factory,  a  harness- factory,  a  sewer-pipe  factory,  a 
f  toneware-factory,  hard-rubber  works,  a  twine-  and  cordage- 
factory,  a  shirt-factory,  soap-works,  knife-works,  an  ico- 
factory,  a  roller  flour-mill,  stove-works,  a  match-factory, 
and  lumber-mills.  Two  daily,  1  tri-weekly,  and  4  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.  Akron  is  the  seat  of  Buch- 
tel  College  (Universalist),  founded  in  1872.  Coal  is  mined 
near  this  city.     Pop.  in  1880,  16,512;  in  1890,  27,601. 

Akron,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  22  miles 
by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Reading.     It  has  2  churches. 

Akron  Junction,  Alabama.    See  Akrojj. 

Aksai,  ik-si',  a  river  of  Circassia,  rising  on  the  N.E. 
slopes  of  the  Caucasus,  falls  into  the  Terek,  after  a  course 
of  about  120  miles. 

Ak-Sai,  a  mountain  of  Russian  Toorkistan,  in  the  Kara- 
Tau  range,  14,825  feet  high. 

Ak-Serai,  ik-s^-ri'  {i.e.,  "white  palace"),  a  town  of 
Asiatic  Turkey,  on  the  Kizil-Irmak,  80  miles  N.E.  of 
Konich.  Pop.  5000  (?).  It  has  a  castle,  and  many  Sara- 
cenic remains. 

Akshchr,  Akchehr,  Akscheher,  or  Ak-Sheher, 
ik-shd'hr'  or  3,k-sbd.'h§r  (i.e.,  "  white  city"),  a  city  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  district  of  Karamania,  10  miles  S.  of  the  salt  lake 
of  the  same  name,  65  miles  N.W.  of  Konieh.  It  contains 
about  1500  houses      Akshehr  is  the  Philomelion  of  Strabo. 

Aksoo,  Aksou,  or  Aksu,  S,k*soo',  a  town  of  Eastern 
Toorkistan,  on  a  river,  S.  of  the  Thian-Shan  Mountains,  250 
miles  N.E.  of  Yarkand.  Lat.  41°  7'  N. ;  Ion.  79°  E.  It 
has  manufactures  of  woollen  stuffs  and  jasper,  and  is  re- 
sorted to  by  trading-caravans  from  all  parts  of  Central 
Asia.     Pop.  50,000. 

Aksoo,  Aksou,  or  Aksu,  ik^soo',  a  small  town  of 
Asiatic  Turkey,  18  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Brusa. 

Aksoo,  or  Aksu  ("white  river"),  the  name  of  several 
Asiatic  rivers,  the  principal  of  which  traverses  Toorkistan ; 
but  it  is  doubtful  whether  it  is  an  affluent  of  the  Irtish  or 
of  the  Iloang-IIo. 

Akstafa,  dk'st3.^f4\  a  river  and  valley  of  Georgia.  The 
river  falls  into  the  Koor  from  the  right,  about  32  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Tiflis.  The  valley  is  volcanic,  and  is  occupied  with  Ar- 
menian villages. 

Aksu,  a  town  and  river  of  Turkey.    See  Aksoo. 

Aksum,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Axoosi. 

Akteboli,  3,k-te-bo'lee,  a  small  haven  of  European 
Turkey,  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  the  Black  Sea. 

Aku,  i^koo',  a  mountain  of  Nepaul,  in  the  Himalaya. 
Height,  24,313  feet. 

Akun,  one  of  the  Aleutian  Islands.    See  Akoon. 

Akurka,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Achtyrka. 

Akuscha,  a  town  and  territory  of  Russia.  See  Akoosha. 

Akutan,  Akuton,  island  of  Alaska.    See  Akootan. 

Akyab,  5,k^yib',  a  town  and  seaport  of  British  Burmah, 
In  Aracan,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  island  of  Akyab.  It  has 
a  fine  harbor,  a  large  export  trade,  and  is  the  chief  town  of 
Aracan.     Pop.  15,281. 

Akyab,  a  large  district  of  Aracan,  British  Burmah. 
Area,  4858  square  miles.  It  has  much  exceedingly  fertile 
soil  and  extensive  forests  and  jungles.  Capital,  Akyab. 
Pop.  282,715. 

Ala,  3,'13,,  a  town  on  the  island  of  Sardinia,  province  of 
Sassari,  district  of  Ozieri.     Pop.  1285. 

Ala,  i'li,  a  town  of  Austria,  Tyrol,  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Adige,  and  on  a  railway,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Roveredo. 
Pop.  4218,  employed  in  manufactures  of  silks  and  velvets. 

Alabama,  al-a-bah'ma,  a  river  of  the  state  of  Ala- 
bama, is  formed  by  the  Coosa  and  Tallapoosa  Rivers,  which 
unite  on  the  S.  border  of  Elmore  co.,  about  10  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Montgomery.  Between  this  capital  city  and  Selma  its 
general  direction  is  westward.  From  Selma  it  runs  nearly 
southwestward,  with  a  very  tortuous  course,  until  it  unites 
with  the  Tombigbee  River  at  the  S.  extremity  of  Clarke 
CO.  and  about  33  miles  (in  a  direct  line)  N.  of  Mobile.  The 
stream  formed  by  this  junction  is  the  Mobile  River.  The 
length  of  the  Alabama  from  the  mouth  of  the  Coosa  to  the 
mouth  of  the  Tombigbee  is  about  300  miles.    Steainboats 


can  ascend  it  to  Montgomery  at  all  times  except  in  seasons 
of  unusual  drought.  The  country  through  which  it  flows 
is  fertile,  and  produces  large  crops  of  cotton.  In  the  upper 
part  of  its  course  it  traverses  a  large  tract  of  the  cretaceous 
formation. 

Alabama  (a  Muscogee  or  Creek  word,  signifying  a 
"  place  of  rest"),  one  of  the  Southern  States  of  the  Ameri- 
can Union,  is  bounded  N.  by  Tennessee,  E.  by  Georgia  and 
Florida,  S.  by  Florida  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  W.  by 
Mississippi.  Extreme  length,  336  miles ;  greatest  breadth, 
200  miles ;  area,  62,250  square  miles.  Extreme  limits,  .'iO" 
31'  and  35°  N.  lat.,  and  84°  50'  and  88°  48'  W.  Ion. 

Face  of  the  Country,  &c. — The  Alleghany  and  Cumberland 
Mountains  enter  the  state  from  the  N.E.  and  N.,  being  sepa- 
rated from  each  other  by  the  Tennessee  River ;  but  they  are 
nowhere  much  more  than  1500  feet  high,  and  to  the  S. 
they  decline,  until  in  the  centre  of  the  state  they  become 
mere  hills.  Southward  of  this  picturesque  central  hill- 
region  comes  the  cotton-belt,  including  the  "cane-brake 
region," — one  of  the  most  fertile  tracts  of  cotton-land  in  the 
world.  Farther  south  the  "  pine  woods"  occupy  a  large 
sparsely  populated  area,  capaole  of  producing  vast  sup- 
plies of  timber  and  naval  stores.  All  parts  of  the  state 
abound  in  timber-trees,  pine,  oak,  cypress,  and  red  cedar. 

Geology  and  Minerals. — In  the  E.  central  part  of  the 
state  is  an  area  of  more  than  4400  square  miles,  consisting 
of  metamorphic  rocks  altered  and  crystallized  from  the 
Silurian  and  earlier  periods,  and  characterized  by  a  diver- 
sity of  composition,  as  well  as  by  a  great  variety  of  topog- 
raphy and  soil.  To  the  N.  and  \Y.  lies  the  Coosa  valley,  a 
continuation  of  the  complex  valley  extending  S.E.  from 
Pennsylvania,  in  which  the  prevailing  formations  are 
Silurian  and  Devonian.  In  portions  of  this  valley  and 
thence  N.  and  VV.  lie  the  coal  measures,  once  continuous, 
but  now  forming  three  separate  fields.  The  Coosa  field 
covers  an  area  of  415  square  miles',  the  Cahaba  field  aggre- 
gates 435  square  miles,  and  the  Warrior  field,  occupying 
the  upper  valley  of  the  Black  Warrior  River,  is  estimated 
at  about  7800  square  miles.  The  productive  area  of  the 
coal-fields  is  5350  square  miles,  of  which  the  Coosa  field 
has  150,  the  Cahaba  field  200,  and  the  Warrior  field  5000 
square  miles.  The  coals  are  bituminous,  and  the  output 
increased  between  1870  and  1889  from  11,000  to  3,378,484 
tons.  Of  this  latter  amount,  more  than  one-half  was  con- 
sumed in  Alabama,  a  large  part  having  been  made  into 
coke  to  supply  the  numerous  pig-iron  furnaces.  The  iron 
ore  is  abundant,  excellent,  and  readily  accessible.  The 
cost  of  mining,  69  cents  per  ton,  is  the  lowest  in  the  coun- 
try, and,  with  a  production  of  1,570,319  tons  of  ore  ia 
1889,  Alabama  was  surpassed  in  quantity  only  by  Mich- 
igan. The  Alleghany  gold-field  has  in  Alabama  its  S.W. 
terminus,  and  up  to  1890  there  had  been  coined  in  thd 
United  States  mints  $234,313.44  in  Alabama  gold.  Silver, 
lead,  copper,  ochre,  steatite,  fictile  clays,  kaolin,  statuary 
granite,  lithographic  stone,  line  white  and  variegated  mar- 
bles, and  numerous  other  useful  minerals,  exist  in  Northern 
and  Central  Alabama. 

The  groat  cotton-belt  of  S.  central  Alabama  is  mainly  of 
the  cretaceous  formation,  and  is  highly  fertile.  The  pine- 
region  of  the  south  is  principally  of  the  tertiary  and  the 
post-tertiary  alluvial  formation. 

Soil,  Climate,  Public  Health. — In  general  this  state  is 
fertile,  and  in  the  less  productive  regions  in  the  hill-country 
there  are  as  compensations  abundant  water-power,  a  health- 
ful and  agreeable  climate,  and  numerous  mineral  springs. 
The  pine-woods  region  in  the  south  aflbrds,  besides  forest 
products,  considerable  honey,  wax,  and  rice,  grows  sweet 
potatoes  abundantly,  and  yields  fair  returns  in  cotton  and 
maize,  while  the  dryness  of  the  air  and  soil  and  the  bal- 
samic aroma  of  the  pines  are  believed  to  exert  a  curative 
effect  in  pulmonary  diseases.  The  great  river  valleys  and 
the  central  cretaceous  belt  are  exceedingly  productive.  The 
most  prevalent  ailments — principally  in  the  low  river  inter- 
vales— are  malarial  fevers  of  varying  type,  and  catarrhal 
inflammatory  diseases.  The  climate  is  comparatively  equa- 
ble, the  streams  seldom  freeze  over,  while  the  summer  tem- 
perature rarely  exceeds  95°  F. ;  but  the  uniformity  of  the 
summer  heat  renders  the  climate  very  oppressive  to  persona 
of  northern  birth.  The  hill-regions  are,  however,  cooler, 
and  the  islands  of  Mobile  Bay  have  delightful  sea-breezes. 

Internal  communication  is  much  facilitated  by  the  navi- 
gable streams.  High-pressure  steamboats  ply  upon  tha 
Mobile  River  (for  60  miles)  and  its  branches,  the  Alabama 
(450  miles)  ani  the  Coosa  (10  miles;  its  upper  waters  have 
also  a  navigable  reach  of  much  importance),  the  Tallapoosa 
(40  miles),  the  Tombigbee  throughout  its  course  in  this  state 
(250  miles),  and  the  Black  Warrior  (150  miles).    The  MUs- 


ALA 


448 


ALA 


•le  ShoaU  in  the  TenneMoe  River  seriously  impair  its  uscful- 
B«H  M  a  n»rigable  stream.  The  Chattahoochee  is  navigated 
by  steamboats  aome  300  miles  from  the  sea.     The  only  sea- 

Ert  in  the  state  is  Mobile  (which  sue),  vituatcd  on  Mobile 
^j,  at  the  mouth  of  Mobile  Kivor.  The  shallowness  of 
the  waters  of  the  bay  obliges  largo  vessels  to  load  and  dis- 
charge their  cargoes  by  moans  of  lighters ;  but  river  steam- 
era  dIt  upon  the  bay,  going  to  New  Orleans  via  Qranfs 
Pass,  Mississippi  Sound,  and  I^akos  Borgne  and  Pontchar- 
train.  The  iulund  steam  navigation  of  the  state  is  not 
less  than  1600  milesi;  and  kcol-boats  are  employed  upon 
•ome  of  the  smaller  streams.  The  Jiailtoajf*  ot  the  state  in 
ItiUU  extended  3422  miles  in  the  aggregate,  and  their  as- 
sessed valuation  was  $242,197,531. 

Jnduilrial  Interettt, — The  wonderful  development  of  the 
coal  and  iron  industries  in  the  valleys  of  the  Tennessee  and 
of  the  other  streams  of  Northern  iMabama  has  greatly  af- 
fected the  material  prosperity  of  the  state.  During  the 
decade  between  IS80  and  1890,  such  towns  as  Birmingham, 
Anniston,  Decatur,  Florence,  and  Roanoke  leaped  from  a 
position  of  comparative  obscurity  into  one  of  prominence, 
while  others,  such  as  Bessemer  and  Ironton,  had  no  pre- 
vious existence.  Cotton  manufacture  has  also  received 
much  attention,  and  the  number  of  spindles  and  looms  is 
continually  increasing.  In  the  counties  at  the  S.,  the  lum- 
ber business  is  rapidly  developing  into  a  profitat)le  indus- 
try. The  streams  afford  means  for  floating  logs  and  furnish 
power  for  running  saw-mills.  The  construction  of  the 
Alabama  Midland  Railroad  has  greatly  added  to  tho  facil- 
ities of  transportation  in  this  region,  and  large  quantities 
of  lumber  are  shipped  to  the  N.,  to  S.  America,  and  to 
England.  With  tnis  increased  activity  in  mining  and 
manufacturing  operations  there  has  been  a  relative  decline 
in  agricultural  pursuits,  especially  in  the  fertile  "  black 
belt"  of  Central  Alabama.  A  steady  emigration  has  con- 
tinued, not  only  among  white  and  colored  laborers,  but 
among  farm-owners  as  well.  Agriculture,  nevertheless, 
still  maintains  its  position  as  the  leading  economic  pursuit 
of  the  state.  Alabama  still  ranks  fourth  among  the  cotton- 
raising  states,  and  the  production  in  1889  amounted  to 
905,000  bales.  Indian  corn  is  raised  in  all  parts  of  the 
•tate,  and  in  1889  yielded  33,944,000  bushels.  Tobacco  is 
a  staple  crop  in  the  N.,  and  in  the  N.  and  N.E.  wheat  of 
excellent  quality  is  grown.  Rice  is  an  important  crop  in 
the  S.  Both  marsh  and  upland  rice  are  grown.  Wool, 
dairy  and  orchard  products,  oats,  honey,  wax,  pulse,  and 
sweet  potatoes  are  produced  to  a  considerable  extent,  The 
total  debt,  bonded  and  floating,  was,  in  1890,  $12,413,196, 
and  the  amount  of  cash  on  hand  was  $420,576. 

Education,  &c. — A  well-devised  school  system  was  estab- 
lished by  the  constitution  of  1868,  but  the  unsettled  condi- 
tion of  public  affairs  for  some  time  impaired  its  efficiency. 
A  growing  interest,  however,  promising  well  for  the  future 
of  the  state,  is  of  late  manifested  in  the  public  schools. 
Separate  school  districts,  maintained  by  local  taxation,  are 
now  organized  in  thirteen  of  the  cities  and  larger  towns, 
with  a  more  advanced  system  of  education  than  that  found 
in  the  county  schools.  The  annual  state  appropriation  was 
increased  in  1888  from  $250,000  to  $350,000.  There  are 
state  normal  schools  at  Florence,  Marion,  Jacksonville, 
Huntsville,  Troy,  Tuskegee,  and  Livingston,  and  in  1889  a 
new  normal  school  for  colored  students  was  opened  at 
Montgomery.  There  is  a  state  university  at  Tuscaloosa, 
and  an  agricultural  and  mechanical  college  at  Auburn. 
Among  tho  other  institutions  are  the  Southern  University, 
Greensborough,  colleges  at  Marion,  Spring  Hill,  and  Talla- 
dega, and  a  medical  college  at  Mobile ;  and  there  are  profes- 
sional schools  attached  to  the  universities  and  some  of  the 
colleges.  There  are  ten  colleges  for  women,  and  a  number 
of  private  schools  and  academies.  Other  institutions  are  the 
blind  asylum,  at  Mobile ;  the  state  institution  for  the  deaf 
and  dumb  and  the  blind,  at  Talladega;  the  hospital  for  the 
insane,  at  Tuscaloosa;  and  the  state  penitentiary,  at  We- 
tumpka. 

Cowuiet. — There  are  sixty-six  counties,  named  as  fol- 
lows :  Autauga,  Baldwin,  Barbour,  Bibb,  Blount,  Bullock, 
Butler,  Calhoun,  Chambers,  Cherokee,  Chilton,  Choctaw, 
Clarke,  Clay,  Cleburne,  Coffee,  Colbert,  Conecuh,  Coosa, 
Covington,  Crenshaw,  Cullman,  Dale,  Dallas,  Do  Kalb,  El- 
more, Escambia,  Etowah,  Fayette,  Franklin,  Geneva,  Greene, 
Hale,  Henry,  Jackson,  Jefferson,  Lamar,  Lauderdale,  Law- 
rence, Lee,  Limestone,  Lowndes,  Macon,  Madison,  Marengo, 
Marion,  Marshall,  Mobile,  Monroe,  Montgomery,  Morgan, 
Perry,  Pickens,  Pike,  Randolph,  Russell,  Shelby,  St.  Clair, 
Sumter,  Talladega,  Tallapoosa,  Tuscaloosa,  Walker,  Wash- 
ington, Wilcox,  and  Winston. 

Comlitulion,  d:c. — Tho  present  state  constitution,  framed 


in  1868,  has  been  several  times  amended.  The  governor  it 
chosen  for  a  term  of  two  years.  Tho  general  assembly  oon« 
sists  of  a  house  of  representatives  of  100  members,  chosen 
for  two  years,  and  a  senate  of  33  members,  chosen  for  fonr 
years.  All  judges  are  elective.  Voters  must  have  resided 
in  the  state  six  months,  and  three  months  in  the  county 
where  they  vote.  There  is  a  registry  law,  and  a  stringent 
oath  of  allegiance  to  the  United  States  is  required  of  all 
voters.  Alabama  sends  eight  representatives  to  the  Federal 
Congress. 

Citiet  mid  Townn. — Of  those  the  principal  are  Mobile,  the 
commercial  emporium  of  tho  state  (pop.  iu  1,S90,  31,076); 
Montgomery,  the  state  capital  (pop.  21,883);  Birniingham 
(pop.  26,178);  Anniston  (pop.  9998),  and  Bessanier  (pop, 
4544),  in  the  oal  and  iron  district.  Other  important  places 
are  Huntsville  (pop.  7995),  Selma  (pop.  7622),  Florence 
(pop.  6012),  Eufaula  (pop.  4394),  Tuscaloosa  (pop.  4215), 
Opelika,  Phoenix,  New  Decatur,  Troy,  Gadsden,  Ac. 

History. — The  French  settled  near  Mobile  Bay  in  1702, 
and  founded  Mobile  in  1711.  By  treaty  their  lands  bora 
soon  passed  to  Spain,  and  became  a  part  of  West  Florida ; 
and  this  coaj«t-tract  never  became  definitely  United  States 
territory  until  1819,  when  Florida  was  purchased  by  the 
general  government.  But  by  far  the  greater  part  of" Ala- 
bama, together  with  what  is  now  called  Mississippi,  was  re- 
garded as  a  part  of  Georgia,  South  Carolina  claiming  a  strip 
12  miles  wide  along  the  southern  boundary  of  Tennessee. 
In  1798  and  1812  the  Mississippi  territory  (including  Ala- 
bama) was  set  off  from  Georgia  and  South  Carolina,  and 
what  is  now  the  state  of  Alabama  was  set  off  from  Missis- 
sippi in  1817  as  a  territory,  and  became  a  state  in  1S19. 
Prominent  events  of  this  period  were  the  sanguinary  Creek 
war  (181.3-14),  the  subsequent  military  occupation  of  Mo- 
bile, and  the  settlement  of  a  colony  of  French  political  exiles 
in  Marengo  co.  In  every  presidential  election  before  1861 
the  state  gave  democratic  majorities ;  but  tho  whig  party 
was  strong  and  influential,  particularly  in  tho  N.  part  of 
tho  state.  Under  the  slaveholding  system  Alabama  grew 
rich  and  prosperous,  the  influence  of  scholars  in  her  publio 
councils  was  tne  boast  of  the  state,  and  she  became  the  first 
state  in  the  amount  of  cotton  produced  yearly.  In  1861  an 
ordinance  of  secession  was  passed  by  a  state  convention. 
In  that  year  the  provisional  government  of  the  Confederate 
States  was  organized  at  Montgomery,  which  became  the 
temporary  capital  of  the  new  confederacy.  In  1862  the  N, 
portion  of  the  state  was  occupied  by  Federal  troops.  In 
1804  the  forts  at  the  outlet  of  Mobile  Bay  were  reduced  and 
the  Confederate  fleet  repulsed  by  Farragut ;  and  in  April, 
1865,  Selma,  Montgomery,  and  Mobile  were  taken  by  the 
national  forces.  In  the  same  year  a  provision.-vl •governor 
was  appointed  by  President  Johnson.  In  1868  military  con- 
trol was  withdrawn,  a  new  constitution  having  been  adopted, 
and  the  state  was  re-admitted  to  representation  in  Congress. 

The  Population  in  1820  numbered  127,901;  in  1830, 
309,527;  in  1840,  590,756;  in  1850,  771,623;  in  1860, 
964,201 ;  in  1870,  996,992 ;  in  1880, 1,262,505.  There  were, 
in  1820, 41,879  slaves,  and  571  free  colored  people;  in  1830, 
117,694  slaves,  and  1572  free  colored;  in  1840,  253,532 
slaves,  2039  free  colored ;  in  1850,  342,844  slaves,  2265  free 
colored;  in  1860,  435,080  slaves,  2690  free  colored  ;  in  1870, 
475,510.  in  1880,  600,103,  and  in  1890,  681,431,  colored  per- 
sons.  In  1880  there  were  9734  people  of  foreign  birth  ;  and 
of  all  the  population  622,629  were  males  and  639,876  fe- 
males. Total  pop.  in  1890, 1,513,017  (29  to  the  square  mile). 

Alabama,  a  township  of  Sacramento  co.,  Cal.  Pop.  338. 

Alabama,  or  Alabama  Centre,  a  post-village  in 
Alabama  township,  Genesee  eo.,  N.Y.,  8  miles  S.  of  Medina, 
and  about  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  2  churches. 
The  township  contains  Oak  Orchard  Springs,  and  includes 
part  of  the  lonawanda  Indian  reservation.     Pop.  1810. 

Alabama,  a  decayed  post- village  of  Houston  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  Trinity  River,  about  40  miles  N.  of  Huntsville.  It 
has  a  church. 

Alabama,  a  post-hamlet  in  Laketown  township,  Polk 
CO.,  Wis.,  about  24  miles  N.  of  Osceola  Mills. 

Alabama  Furnace,  a  post-village  of  Talladega  co., 
Ala.,  on  the  Rome  A  Dalton  Railroad,  13  miles  N,  of  TalJa- 
dega.  It  has  a  church,  and  a  blast-furnace  which  employs 
about  300  men. 

Alabas'ter,  a  post-village  in  Alabaster  township,  Tosco 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  Saginaw  Bay,  about  45  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bay 
City.  Pop.  of  the  township,  235;  of  the  village,  about  350.  It 
has  a  quarry  of  gypsum,  and  a  large  manufactory  of  calcined 
plaster,  the  works  of  which  cost  $250,000. 

Alabaster  Island,  Bahamas.    See  Eleuthera. 

Alabat,  i-li-bit',  one  of  the  smaller  Philippines,  on  the 
E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Luzon,  near  the  head  of  the  exten- 


ALA 


44$^ 


ALA 


give  inlet  at  the  S.  end  of  the  island,  which  terminates  at 
the  Gulf  of  Lamon.     Lat.  14"  N.j  Ion.  122°  13'  E. 

Aliiblee,  Alabii,  i-ll'blee,  or  Halabli,  h&-\k'h\ee, 
a  village  of  Turkey,  in  Anatolia,  on  the  Black  Sea,  4  miles 
6,W.  of  Ereglce. 

Alachua,  a-lach'u-a,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Florida, 
has  an  area  of  about  1200  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  the  Santa  Fe  Kiver,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Sii- 
\rance.  The  surface  is  level  or  undulating ;  the  soil  is 
mostly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  molasses  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Florida 
Southern,  the  Florida  Central  &  Peninsular,  and  the  Savan- 
nah, Florida  &  Western  Railroads.  Capital,  Gainesville. 
Pop.  in  1870,  17,328;  in  1880,  16,462;  in  1890,  22,934. 

Alachua,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alachua  co.,  Fla.,  15  miles 
N.W.  of  Gainesville,  and  near  Newnansville  Station. 

Alacrane  (al-a-kran')  Islands,  a  group  in  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico,  about  70  miles  N.  of  Yucatan,  on  a  reef  15 
miles  in  length  N.  and  S.,  by  12  miles  in  breadth. 

Alacul'sa  Creek,  Cherokee  co.,  Ga.,  is  a  branch  of 
Little  River. 

Ala>Dagh,  i'l5.-dig'  (i.e.,  "beautiful  mountain"),  a 
mountain-chain  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  between  lat.  39°  and  40° 
N.,  and  Ion.  39°  and  44°  E.  It  extends  W.  from  Mount 
Ararat,  separating  the  two  heads  of  the  Euphrates. 

Aladan  (5,-ld-din')  or  Aladiue  (a-l4-deen')  Islands, 
a  cluster  of  small  ishmds  in  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  forming  part 
of  the  Mergui  Archipelago. 

Alad'din,  a  post-office  of  Douglas  co.,  Kansas,  about  15 
miles  S.W.  of  Lawrence. 

Aladdin,  a  station  in  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Alle- 
ghany Valley  Railroad,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Aladja-Hissar,  Turkey.    See  Alaja-Hissak. 

Alaejos,  d-li-d'aoce,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Leon,  30  miles 
B.W.  of  Valladolid,  near  the  Trabancos.     Pop.  3255. 

APafi'a  (Sp.  pron.  i.-lS,-fee'Jl),  a  post-village  of  Hills- 
borough CO.,  Fla.,  23  miles  E.  of  Tampa,  and  1  mile  from  the 
Alafia  River.  The  surrounding  country  is  covered  by  pine 
forests,  and  has  a  fertile  soil.     The  orange  flourishes  here. 

Alaganik,  a-lag'a-nik,  a  village  of  Alaska,  at  the 
principal  mouth  of  the  Atna  or  Copper  River.  It  is  in- 
habited by  Innuit,  or  Esquimaux. 

Alaghez,  dMA-ghSz',  or  Ali-Ghez,  4'Iee-ghfiz',  a  vol- 
canic mountain  and  mountain-range,  in  the  Russian  gov- 
ernment of  Erivan.  It  lies  on  the  N.  side  of  the  great  plain 
of  the  Araxes.     The  highest  peak  rises  13,628  feet. 

Alagna,  5,-lS,n'yi,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  Scsia,  13 
miles  W.  of  Pavia.     Pop.  1268. 

Alagoa,  i-Ii-go'i,  a  town  and  district  on  the  S.  shore 
of  the  island  of  St.  Michael,  Azores.     Pop.  of  district,  7800. 

Alagoas,  i-li-go'is,  a  maritime  state  of  Brazil,  de- 
riving its  name  from  various  intercommunicating  lakes  for 
which  it  is  noted.  It  lies  between  lat.  9°  and  10°  S.,  is 
bounded  N.  and  W.  by  the  state  of  Pernambuco,  S.  by 
Sergipe,  and  comprises  an  area  of  11,642  square  miles. 
Pop.  397,379.     Capital,  Macayo. 

Alagoas,  or  Villa  do  Forte  das  Alagoas,  veel'lH 
do  foR'ti  dis  3,-lJ.-go'5,s,  a  city  of  Brazil,  in  the  above  state, 
on  the  N.  of  Lake  Manguaba,  140  miles  N.E.  of  Sergipe. 
It  has  8  churches  and  2  convents.     Pop.  15,000. 

Alagon,  5.-13,-gon',  a  river  of  Spain,  falls  into  the  Tagus 
about  2  miles  N.E.  of  Alcantara.  It  is  about  120  miles  in 
length,  and  noted  for  the  size  and  flavor  of  its  fish. 

Alagon,  a  town  of  Spain,  on  the  Ebro,  and  on  a  rail- 
way, 15  miles  N.W.  of  Saragossa.     Pop.  2fi61. 

Alahyar-jo-Tandar.    See  Alla-Yar-ka-Tanda. 

Alai'edon,  a  township  of  Ingham  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  1293. 

Alais,  5,Md,'  (anc.  Ale'sia),  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Gard,  on  the  Garden,  at  the  foot  of  the  Cevennes, 
25  miles  by  railway  N.W.  of  Nimes.  Pop.  19,230.  It  is 
in  a  productive  coal-field,  and  has  a  college,  school  of  mines, 
foundries,  glass-works,  and  potteries. 

Alaja-Hissar,  Aladja-Hissar,  i-l3,'j3,-his'saR',  or 
Kruschovatz,kroo'sho-vits\atown  of  European  Turkey, 
in  Servia,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Morava,  95  miles  S.  of 
Semendria.  It  is  the  capital  of  the  circle  of  Krusohovatz. 
It  has  a  Greek  bishop,  and  a  gymnasium.     Pop.  3159. 

Alajan,  or  Aladjan,  i-li-jin',  a  town  of  Asia  Minor, 
near  the  Black  Sea,  37  miles  S.E.  of  Sinope. 

Altyuela,  i-li-nwi'lS,,  a  city  of  Costa  Rica,  in  a  prov- 
ince of  its  own  name,  29  wiles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Cartago, 
and  about  20  miles  from  Punta  Arenas.  Pop.  9000.  The 
province  has  a  population  of  55,000. 

Alakananda,  &-li-k3,-n&n'di,  Aluknanda,  or 
AInknunda,  S,Mook-nun'di,  a  small  river,  which,  issuing 
from  the  Himalaya  Mountains,  unites  with  the  Bhagirathi 
at  Devaprayaga,  and  forms  a  source  of  the  Ganges. 


Ala-Koi,  iMi^koi'  {i.e.,  "beautiful  village"),  a  village 
of  Asiatic  Turkey,  on  the  E.  side  of  Lake  Van. 

Alaktoo-Kool,  Alaktou-Koul,  i-likt'-oo-kool',  or 
Ala-Kool,  iMi-kool',  called  also  Koorghi-Nor,  koor'- 
ghee-nor',  or  Alakt-Ugul-Nur,  i-likt'-oo^gool'-noor',  a 
lake  of  Russian  Toorkistan.  Its  centre  is  near  lat.  46°  N., 
Ion.  81°  40'  E.     It  is  40  miles  long,  and  17  broad. 

Alamakee,  a  county  of  Iowa.     See  Allamakee. 

Al'amance,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  North 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  Haw  River  and  partly  drained  by  Alamance 
Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating;  the  soil  is  fertile.  In- 
dian corn,  wheat,  and  live-stock  are  the  staple  productions. 
It  is  traversed  from  E.  to  W.  near  its  centre  by  the  North 
Carolina  Division  of  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad 
Company's  lines.  Capital,  Graham.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,874  j 
in  1880,  14,613;  in  1890,  18,271. 

Alameda,  i-li-mi'Di  {i.e.,  "a  row  of  poplar-trees"), 
a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  54  miles  N.W.  of  Malaga,  on 
the  road  from  Seville  to  Granada.     Pop.  4369. 

Alameda,  3,-I^-md.'di,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Cali- 
fornia, has  an  area  of  about  800  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  the  Bay  of  San  Francisco,  and  is  drained  by 
Alameda  Creek.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  mountains, 
fertile  valleys,  and  plains ;  quarries  of  granite  and  lime- 
stone have  been  opened  here.  Wheat,  barley,  horses,  sheep, 
and  fruits  are  the  staple  productions.  The  evergreen  oak 
and  the  redwood  {Sequoia  sevipervirens)  are  indigenous  in 
this  county.  It  is  traversed  by  a  branch  of  the  Central 
Pacific  Railroad.  The  market  of  San  Francisco  is  partly 
supplied  by  the  orchards  and  gardens  of  Alameda.  Capital, 
Oakland.  Pop.  in  1870,  24,237;  in  1880,  62,976;  in  1890, 
93,864. 

Alameda,  a  city  of  Alameda  co.,  CaL,  on  a  peninsula 
on  the  E.  side  of  the  Bay  of  San  Francisco,  and  on  the 
Alameda  Branch  of  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  and  the 
South  Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  San  Fran- 
cisco. It  contains  10  churches,  a  convent,  a  high  school, 
3  newspaper  ofllces,  and  many  suburban  residences.  Its 
industries  embrace  ship-building  and  petroleum-  and  borax- 
refining.  Pop.  in  1870,  1557;  in  1880,  5708;  in  1890, 
11,165. 

Alameda,  a  post-village  of  Bernalillo  co.,  New  Mexico, 
on  the  Rio  Grande,  and  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6 
Railroad,  6  miles  above  Albuquerque.  It  has  a  Catholic 
chapel.     Pop.  648. 

Alameda  de  la  Sagra,  &-li-m^'D&  di  lH  sS,'gr&,  a 
town  of  Spain,  Old  Castile,  8  miles  from  lUescas.    Pop.  1312. 

Alameda  del  Valle,  i-li-mi'Di  d61  vil'yA,  a  town 
of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  10  miles  from  Buitrago. 

Al'amo,  a  post-village  of  Contra  Costa  co.,  Cal.,  about 
24  miles  E.  by  N.  of  San  Francisco. 

Alamo,  a  post-village  of  Montgomeryco.,  Ind.,  in  Ripley 
township,  about  55  miles  W.N.W.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has 
an  academy  and  3  churches. 

Alamo,  a  post-hamlet  in  Alamo  township,  Kalamazoo 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  a  railroad,  8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Kalamazoo, 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  township,  1131. 

Alamo,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Crockett  co.,  Tenn., 
about  75  miles  N.E.  of  Memphis.  It  was  formerly  called 
Cageville.  It  has  a  court-house,  3  churches,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  about  450. 

Al'amo  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Tex.,  on  a 
railroad,  38  miles  N.  of  Jefi"erson. 

Alamos,  a  town  of  Mexico.     See  Los  Alamos. 

Alamo'sa,  a  post-town  of  Conejos  co..  Col.,  139  milet 
by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Canon  City.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks, 
2  newspaper  offices,  a  large  flour-mill,  and  railroad  machine- 
shops.     Pop.  in  1890,  973. 

Aland,  i'land,  or  OMand  (Sw.  Aland,  o'lind) 
Islands,  an  archipelago  of  80  inhabited  islands,  and  a 
vast  number  of  rocks  and  islets,  Russia  (Finland),  in  the 
Gulf  of  Bothnia,  at  its  entrance.  Pop.  16,000,  mostly 
Swedes.  These  islands  were  taken  from  Sweden  in  1809. 
Near  this  Peter  the  Great  gained  his  first  naval  battle  over 
the  Swedes,  in  1714.  The  principal  island,  called  also  Aland, 
has  a  population  of  9000,  with  a  town  of  Aland — pop.  3000. 

Alan'dar,  a  post-hamlet  and  summer  resort  of  Berk- 
shire CO.,  Mass.,  6  miles  S.E.  from  Copake  Iron  Works  Sta- 
tion of  the  New  York  Central  Railroad  (Harlem  Division). 

Alanuo,  2,-I&n'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  11  miles  S.  of  Civita 
di  Penne,     Pop.  3513, 

Alan'thus  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Gentry  co.,  Mo., 
on  the  West  Fork  of  Grand  River,  20  miles  E.  by  S.  of 
Maryville.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  several  stores. 

Alapaevsk,  &-l&-p&-Svsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Perm, 
on  the  Alapaika,  48  miles  N.W.  of  Irbit.    Pop.  5447. 


AHA 


450 


ALA 


Alapahn,  a  rlror  of  Qeorsia.    See  Allapara. 

Alajtoor,  or  Alapur,  &-m-poor',  a  town  of  tho  Budoon 
dittriot,  British  Indiiv.     I'op.  6347. 

Aliiqua,  iil'i>-qua\T,  a  small  river  of  Florida,  flowing 
Into  Clioctawbatchco  Bay. 

Alnqua,  a  small  Scotch  and  Irish  sottlomcnt  in  Walton 
CO.,  Fla.,  on  tho  above  river,  about  125  milos  W.  by  N,  of 
Tttllaham««. 

Al-Arai8ch«  a  town  of  Morocco.    Seo  El-Ahaish. 

AInro,  A-l&'ro,  a  town  of  Spain,  island  of  Majorca,  ^2 
milos  N.N.E.  of  Palma.     Pop.  3576. 

Al-Arouan,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Arawah. 

AInscn,  &-l&-8&'&,  written  also  Alasey  and  Alascj, 
4-l/l-s4',  an  inniortant  river  in  tho  N.E.  of  Siberia,  rises  in 
lat.  67°  N.,  and  falls  into  tho  Arctic  Ocean. 

Ala-Shehr,  or  Ala-Schclir,  IMi-shShVorlMl-shi'. 
hgr  (i.e.,  tho  "exalted  city;"  anc.  PhUadelpM'a,  founded 
200  years  B.C.  by  Attains  Phihidelphus),  a  walled  city  of 
Asia  Minor,  at  the  N.E.  base  of  Mount  Tmolus,  83  miles  by 
railway  E.  of  Smyrna.  Pop.  15,000.  It  is  a  Greek  arch- 
bishop's see,  has  numerous  remains  of  antiquity,  5  Chris- 
tian churches,  15  mosques,  and  an  active  trade. 

Alashgerd)  a  town  of  Armenia.     See  TopitAK-KcLAn. 

Alas'ka  (called  AUaika  by  tho  Russians;  a  corruption 
of  Al-ay-ek-sa,  "great  country,"  tho  name  given  by  the 
native  islanders  to  the  mainland),  a  territory  of  tho  United 
States,  bounded  N.  by  the  Arctic  Ocean,  E.  by  the  North-West 
Territories  of  Canada,  W.  and  S.  by  the  Pacific  Ocean  nnd 
Behring's  Sea  and  Strait,  including  also  the  Alexander,  the 
Kadiak,  the  Aleutian,  the  Pribyloff,  and  many  other  islands. 
Its  southernmost  point  is  the  S.  extremity  of  Amdtignak 
Island  (51°  19'  N.  lat.).  Prom  Dixon's  Entrance,  the  E. 
boundary  passes  along  Portland  Channel  to  lat.  56°  N., 
where  tho  continent  is  reached.  From  this  point  it  follows 
the  Coast  Range  of  mountains  to  141°  W.  Ion.  Tho  14l3t 
meridian  is  tho  E.  boundary  from  this  point  northward.  Its 
W.  limit  runs  so  as  to  include  St.  Lawrence  Island  and  the 
Isle  of  Attoo  (lat.  52°  68'  N.,  Ion.  187°  34'  W.).  Point 
Barrow,  lat.  71°  27'  N.,  Ion.  156°  15'  W.,  is  the  most  north- 
ern point  of  the  mainland.  The  N.  coast  is  low  and  with- 
out good  harbors ;  but  the  Pacific  coast-line  is  much  broken, 
and  excellent  anchorage  is  to  be  had  at  many  points.  Area, 
570,000  square  miles,  of  which  31,200  are  insular. 

Face  of  the  Country. — High  mountain-ranges  lie  S.  of  lat. 
65°,  of  which  tho  Coast  Range  contains  the  loftiest  peaks 
(Mu  SU  Elias,  17,000  feet;  Mt  Fairweather,  14,782;  Mt. 
Crillon,  13,500;  Mt.  Iliamna,  12,066).  This  range  ter- 
minates with  the  great  peninsula  of  Aliaska;  but  the  Aleu- 
tian Islands  may  be  regarded  as  the  peaks  of  its  submarine 
continu.ation.  Volcanoes  occur  both  in  the  Coast  Range 
and  upon  the  islands,  but  of  these  only  ten  are  known  to 
have  been  active  in  recent  years.  The  so-called  Alaskan 
Mountains  are  formed  by  the  blending  of  tho  N.W.  exten- 
sion of  the  Rocky  Mountains  with  spurs  of  the  Coast  Range. 
Northward  occur  the  Romdnzoff  Mountains;  but  the  greater 
part  of  the  N.  is  a  broken  and  hilly  plateau.  The  N.  coast 
is  marked  by  a  low  range  of  hills. 

Geolof/y,  Minerals. — It  is  believed  that  the  Rocky  Jloun- 
tains  were  upheaved  in  the  Jurassic  time,  while  the  Coast 
Range  is  referred  to  a  relatively  late  period  of  the  Creta- 
ceous. Great  volcanic  convulsions  must  have  rent  the  west- 
cm  co.ast  at  the  time  when  were  formed  the  inlets  and  fiords 
which  so  characterize  it.  Beds  of  cretaceous  and  mioccne 
lignites  are  found,  the  latter  abounding  in  fossil  exogenous 
trees  of  existing  genera.  Remains  of  existing  species  of  mol- 
lusks,  and  even  of  mammals,  are  abundant.  In  the  Yukon 
Valley  there  are  plentiful  remains  of  species  of  elephant. 
In  the  deeper  valleys  glaciers  are  almost  everywhere  to  be 
seen.  Dikes  of  plutonic  rock  are  common  in  many  parts. 
Hot  and  mineral  springs  abound  on  the  islands  as  well  as 
the  mainland.  Most  of  the  Alaskan  coal  is  a  tertiary  lignite 
of  fair  quality.  Gold-quartz,  silver,  petroleum,  native  cop- 
per, copper  ores,  iron,  lead,  cinnabar,  kaolin,  fine  garnets,  and 
amber  are  known  to  exist.  Sulphur  is  believed  to  be  very 
abundant.     Fossil  ivory  of  some  value  has  been  obtained. 

Climate,  Agricultural  Capabilities,  Vegetation. — Tho  cli- 
mate is  very  much  milder  than  that  of  corresponding  lati- 
tudes on  the  E.  coast  of  America.  That  of  the  Aleutian 
Islands  is  much  like  that  of  the  Western  Islands  of  Scotland. 
In  the  valley  of  the  great  river  Yukon  (the  principal  stream 
and  the  great  highway  of  the  interior)  there  are  large  fertile 
plains  and  extensive  marshes,  underlaid  by  a  layer  of  ice 
which  never  melts,  even  in  summer,  when  the  surface  is 
covered  by  a  luxuriant  vegetation.  The  summer  on  the 
Pacific  coast,  even  in  the  far  N.,  is  generally  warm,  sunny, 
and  pleasant,  owing  to  the  influence  of  the  warm  Knro 
Hiteci  the  Glulf  Stream  of  the  Pacific,  aided  by  the  sunlight 


of  the  long  Arctic  day.  On  the  Upper  Yukon  the  summer 
heat  is  really  intense.  The  winter  in  the  S.  is  by  no  means 
very  cold.  At  Sitka,  sound  ice  is  never  formed,  and  the 
winter  temperature  is  about  that  of  Washington,  D.C.  The 
rain-fall  is  copious,  and  foggy  weather  is  common  on  the 
coasts  and  islands.  Hence  there  are  many  streams,  of  which 
the  Yukon,  Kuskoquim,  Tananilh,  SKkine,  and  Chilkdbt 
are  worthy  of  mention.  The  Yukon  is  navigable  in  sum- 
mer  some  700  miles.  Timber  is  abundant  almost  every- 
where, but  many  of  the  islands  and  coast  regions  have  few 
trees,  and  obtain  their  timber  and  fuel  from  tho  driftwood 
which  the  rivers  bring  down.  The  white  spruce  nfl'ordi 
strong,  light,  and  durable  spars.  But  the  best  timber  is  the 
noble  yellow  cedar,  which  is  of  unsurpassed  excellence. 
Balsam  fir  and  hemlock  abound.  The  birch  aflbrds  good 
timber.  Poplars,  willows,  and  alders  are  common.  Edible 
berries  are  abundant,  and  of  many  kinds.  Grass  grows 
luxuriantly  even  in  the  far  N.  At  Fort  Yukon,  N.  of  the 
Arctic  circle  (lat.  66°  34'),  barley,  potatoes,  and  turnips 
have  been  grown.  Cattle  have  been  introduced  upon  the 
islands  with  an  encouraging  prospect  of  success.  Cranber- 
ries have  been  exported  to  California.  Fish  are  abundant 
in  both  salt  and  fresh  waters.  The  cod  (not  the  true  cod 
of  the  Atlantic),  herrings,  and  a  smelt  called  oulachan, 
abound,  the  latter  aflbrding  a  copious  supply  of  oil.  Many 
species  of  salmon  are  caught  in  the  streams.  Whitcfish, 
much  resembling  those  of  the  great  lakes,  are  also  abun- 
dant. Whale-fishing  is  carried  on  extensively  in  Behring 
Sea  and  tho  Arctic.  At  present  the  principal  revenue  of 
this  territory  is  derived  from  the  fur  trade.  Fur  seals  and 
sea-otters  arc  taken,  subject  to  strict  regulations  prescribed 
by  the  United  States  government  to  prevent  the  extinction 
of  the  species.  The  skins  of  fox,  sable,  beaver,  lynx,  wol- 
verine, hear,  wolf,  muskrat,  deer,  and  other  animals  are 
also  procured.  The  oil  of  seals  and  walrus,  and  tho  ivory 
of  the  latter  species,  are  articles  of  export. 

The  Native  Races  are  partly  of  Innuit  or  Esquimaux 
stock,  and  partly  of  the  red  Indian  race.  The  Aleutians 
appear  tobe  a  branch  of  tho  Innuit,  and  there  are  tribes  of 
mixed  origin.  The  Indians  are  of  two  great  families,  each 
of  which  comprises  several  tribes  or  bands.  The  Thiinkct 
race  is  the  one  most  peculiar  to  Alaska ;  for  the  great  Tin-' 
neh  family  extends  southward  and  appears  to  include  the 
Apaches,  Comanches,  and  other  far-distant  tribes. 

History. — Vitus  Behring,  an  ofiicer  in  the  Russian  ser- 
vice, in  1728,  sailed  into  the  Arctic  Sea;  but  he  never  saw 
this  coast  till  1741,  just  before  his  death.  The  region  be- 
came a  field  for  Russian  maritime  adventure  and  trade,  and 
the  pioneers  were  guilty  of  many  enormities  among  the 
peaceable  islanders.  In  1776,  Captain  Cook,  with  Van- 
couver,  Ledyard,  Bligh,  and  other  distinguished  subor- 
dinates, visited  these  shores.  The  first  Russian  bishop  was 
appointed  in  1796.  The  Russian-American  Company  was 
chartered  in  1799.  In  1804,  Sitka  (New  Archangel)  was 
founded  by  BaranofF,  who  had  long  ruled  in  these  regions. 

In  1864-67  portions  of  the  country  were  explored,  at  a 
cost  of  some  $3,000,000,  by  the  employees  of  the  AVestein 
Union  Telegraph  Company,  with  the  design  of  running  a 
telegraph,  via  Behring's  Strait,  to  the  Old  World ;  but  the 
success  of  the  Atlantic  telegraph  caused  the  ultimate  failure 
of  this  project.  In  1867  the  territory  called  Russian  Amer- 
ica was  purchased  from  Russia  for  $7,200,000  in  gold.  Its 
capital  is  Sitka,  on  BaranoflF  Island.  The  United  States 
census  for  1890  gives  a  total  population  of  31,795,  classified 
as  follows:  whites,  4303;  mixed  (Russian  and  native),' 
1819;  Indians,  23,274  ;  Mongolians,  2287  ;  all  others,  112. 

Alaska,  a  post-village  of  Owen  eo.,  Ind.,  about  35  miles 
S.W.  of  Indianapolis.     It  has  a  church. 

Alaska,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  in  Caledonia' 
township,  on  'Ihornapple  River,  14  or  15  miles  S.E.  of 
Grand  Rapids.  It  has  1  church,  2  flour-mills,  1  saw-mill, 
and  several  stores.     Pop.  about  300. 

Alaska,  a  station  in  Northumberland  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Mahanoy  &  Shamokin  Railroad,  7  miles  from  Shamokiny 
and  22  miles  from  Mahanoy  City. 

Alaska,  a  post-village  of  Kewaunee  co..  Wis.,  on  Lake 
Michigan,  about  110  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Milwaukee.  It 
is  a  shipping-point  for  timber,  posts,  <5:c. 

Alassio,  i-l&s'se-o,  a  seaport  town  of  Italy,  Genoa,  on 
the  Mediterranean,  4  miles  S.AV.  of  Albenga.     Pop.  4635. 

Alassona,  a-lis-so'nS.,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  35 
miles  N.E.  of  Trikhala.     Pop.  3000. 

Alata,  d-li'tl,  a  small  river  in  Abyssinia,  a  tributary 
of  Bahr-el-Azrek,  near  its  confluence  with  which  occurs  the 
celebrated  cataract  of  Alata. 

Alata,  a,-l&'til,  a  village  in  the  island  of  Corsica,  about 
6  miles  N.  of  Ajaccio.     Pop.  665. 


ALA 


451 


ALB 


Ala-Tagh,  a  mountain  of  Turkey.    See  Ala-Dagh. 

Alatali,  a  town  of  India.    See  Bhagwajjgola. 

Alatamaha^  a  river  of  Georgia.    See  Altamaha. 

Alateer,  or  Alatyr,  3,-li-teeR',  a  river  of  Russia,  rising 
in  the  government  of  Penza,  falls  into  the  Soora,  after  a 
course  of  upwards  of  125  miles. 

Alateer,  or  Alatyr,  a  town  of  Russia,  80  miles  N.W. 
of  Simbeersk,  at  the  junction  of  the  Alateer  and  Soora 
Rivers.     Pop.  8085. 

Alatri,  .vli'tree  (anc.  Ala'trium),  a  town  of  Italy,  a 
bishop's  see,  6  miles  N.  of  Frosinone.  Pop.  13,681.  It  has 
a  manufactory  of  woollen  goods,  and  is  of  high  antiquity, 
its  walls  exhibiting  remains  of  cyclopean  architecture. 

Alattyan,  ijrot'yon',  a  village  of  Hungary,  county  of 
Ileves.     Pop.  2209. 

Alatyr,  a  river  and  town  of  Russia.    See  Alateer. 

Alausi,  i-low-see',  a  valley  and  town  of  Ecuador,  on 
the  Alausi,  7980  feet  above  the  sea.     Pop.  of  town,  6000. 

Alava,  i'li-vS.,  a  province  of  Northern  Spain  (one  of 
the  three  Basque  provinces),  between  lat.  42°  20'  and  43° 
N.,  comprising  an  area  of  1292  square  miles.  Capital, 
Vittoria.     Pop.  103,320.     The  surface  is  mountainous. 

Alaya,  i-li'yi  (anc.  Corace'sinm),  a  decayed  town  of 
Asiatic  Turkey,  on  a  promontory  in  the  Mediterranean, 
100  miles  S.S.W.  of  Konieh.  Pop.  2000.  It  haa  a  good 
anchorage,  but  no  harbor. 

Alayor,  3,-li-you',  or  Aleyor,  i-U-yoR',  a  town  in  the 
island  of  Minorca,  belonging  to  Spain,  about  10  miles  W.N.  W. 
<tf  Port  Mahon.     Pop.  4603. 

Alazon,  3,-13,-zon',  a  river  of  Russia,  joins  the  Koor 
125  miles  S.E.  of  Tiflis,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  140  miles. 

Alb  or  Alp,  aip,  called  also  the  Swa'bian  Alps,  a 
chain  of  mountains  appertaining  almost  exclusively  to 
Wiirtembcrg,  extending  S.W.  to  N.E.  84  miles. 

Alba,  il'bS,  (anc.  Al'ba  Pompe'ia),  a  town  of  Italy,  on 
the  Tanaro,  35  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Turin.     Pop.  10,296. 

Alba,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Aquila,  at  the  foot 
of  Monte-Velino,  4  miles  N.  of  Avezzano.  It  is  the  Al'ba 
Fucen'tia  of  the  Romans. 

Al'ba,  a  post-village  of  Antrim  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Grand 
Rapids  <&;*Indiana  Railroad,  39  miles  N.  of  Walton.  It  has 
extensive  manufactures  of  wooden  implements.     Pop.  600. 

Alba,  a  post-village  of  Jasper  co..   Mo.,  in   Mineral 
township,  6  miles  from  Oronogo,  and  about  65  miles  W.  of 
!        Springfield.     It  has  a  Friends'  meeting. 

Alba,  a  post-village  of  Umatilla  co.,  Oregon,  30  miles  S. 
of  Pendleton. 

Alba,  a  post-borough  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Northern  Central  Railroad,  44  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Wil- 
liamsport.  It  has  2  churches,  1  carriage-shop,  and  the  Alba 
Iron  Paint  Works.     Pop.  222. 

Alba  Augusta,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Aps. 

Alba  Augusta,  an  ancient  name  for  Aldy. 

Albacete,  il-b4-thi'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Murcia,  138 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Madrid.  Pop.  11,860.  It  manufac- 
tures steel  goods,  and  has  large  cattle-fairs  in  September. 

Albacete,  a  province  of  Spain,  in  Murcia  and  New 
Castile.  Area,  5972  square  miles.  It  is  in  part  mountain- 
ous, with  fertile  valleys  and  plains.  Capital,  Albacete. 
Pop.  220,973. 

Albacutya  Lake,  a  freii-water  lake  of  Victoria,  Aus- 
j        tralia,  county  of  Wceah,  10  miles  N.  of  Lake  Hindmarsh. 
I  Albade,  all'bad,  a  post-office  of  Caldwell  co.,  Tex.,  20 

'■        miles  from  Austin. 

Alba  de  Tormes,  S,l'ba,  d4  toR'mSs,  a  town  of  Spain, 
14  miles  S.E.  of  Salamanca,  on  the  Tormes.     Pop,  2360. 

Albairatc,  il-bI-rS,'ti,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Milan,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Abbiategrasso.     Pop.  2163. 

Albala,  il'bd-li,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  20 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Caoeres.     Pop.  2133. 

Albalate  del  Arzobispo,  il-hi-lA'ti  dfll  an-tho- 
bees'po,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Aragon,  46  miles  S.E.  of  Sara- 
gossa,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Ebro.     Pop.  4354. 

Alba  Leiusiana,  the  Latin  for  Wissembouro. 

Al'ban,  a  post-hamlet  of  Portage  co.,  Wis.,  in  New 
Hope  township,  10  miles  N.  of  Amherst  Station.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Albanchez,  il-bin-chgth',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Anda- 
lusia, province  and  28  miles  N.E.  of  Almeria.     Pop.  1980. 

Albanchez,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  province 
and  16  miles  E.  of  Jaen.     Pop.  1195. 

Alban  des  Hurtieres,  irbftN"'  ddze  unHe-aiR',  a 
village  of  France,  6  miles  S.  of  Aigucbelle.     Pop.  1209. 

Albanella,  ai-bi-nSl'ia,,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Salerno,  4  miles  N.N.E.  of  Capaccio.     Pop.  2414. 

Albania,  al-bi'ne-a  (modern  Gr.  pron.  il-b3,-nee'& ; 
Turk.  Arnaoodlik,  Arnaootleek,  or  Arnaoutlik,  aR'ni-oot^- 


leok),  called  Shkiperi  (shkip'§-ree^)  by  the  natives  (from 
shkipe,  "  a  rock"),  a  mountainous  country  of  European 
Turkey,  between  lat.  39°  and  43°  N.,  and  Ion.  19°  5'  and 
21°  28'  E.  Extreme  length,  about  290  miles ;  breadth,  from 
40  to  90  miles.  Bounded  W.  and  S.W.  by  the  Adriatic  and 
Ionian  Seas.  It  is  composed  of  ridges  of  mountains,  nearly 
all  of  which  have  a  direction  N.W.  and  S.E.  The  principal 
heights  vary  from  about  2500  to  8500  feet  above  the  sea. 
Albania  has  no  great  rivers.  It  partakes  of  the  peculiar 
system  of  subterranean  streams  that  characterizes  Greece. 
Epirus  is  especially  remarkable  for  its  circular  basins,  its 
cavities  without  water,  its  ponds  and  watercourses  that 
disappear  at  certain  seasons.  In  the  import  and  export 
trade  of  Albania,  vessels  under  the  British,  Austrian,  Greek, 
and  Ottoman  flags  are  almost  the  only  ones  engaged.  The 
exports  are  shipped  chiefly  at  Prevesa,  Parga,  Avlona,  Du- 
razzo,  Ac.  The  internal  trade  is  carried  on  by  means  of 
pack-horses.  Albania  is  under  tho  government  of  different 
Turkish  pashas.  The  people  are  partly  Moslems  and  partly 
Christians.  The  Albanians  speak  a  language  of  their  own, 
which  is  not  clearly  allied  to  any  other  known  tongue,  but 
is  regarded  as  of  the  Indo-European  s^ock.  They  are  a 
warlike  race,  much  given  to  robbery  and  brigandage.  Pop- 
ulation estimated  at  from  1,200,000  to  1,600,000. Adj. 

and  inhab.  Albanian,  al-bi'ne-an,  or  Arnaoot(Aunaout), 
in'ni-oot^ ;  native,  Siikip^atar'  or  Skip^atar'. 

Albania,  a  river  of  Italy.    See  Albegna. 

Albania,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Aubagne. 

Albano,  il-bi'no  (anc.  Alba'num),  an  episcopal  city  of 
Italy,  on  the  Via  Appia,  12  miles  by  railway  S.E.  of  Rome. 
Pop.  6297.  It  is  celebrated  for  beauty  of  scenery  and  purity 
of  air,  and  is  a  favorite  summer  resort  of  tho  Roman  nobil- 
ity. It  comprises  the  ruins  of  Domitian's  palace  and  of  a 
praetorian  camp,  -with  the  modern  villas  of  tho  princes  Bar- 
bcrini,  Alticri,  ^c.  It  has  a  large  convent,  and  a  museum 
of  antiquities  from  Alba  Longa. 

Albano,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basilicata,  province  and 
11  miles  E.S.E.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  2769. 

Albano,  a  lake  and  mountain  of  Italy,  13  miles  S.E. 
of  Rome.  The  lake,  6  miles  in  circumference,  is  the  crater 
of  an  extinct  volcano,  near  which  are  many  elegant  villas, 
several  grottoes,  and  the  village  of  Castel-Gandolfo  (q.  v.). 
There  are  many  historical  monuments  in  its  vicinity;  among 
others,  an  aqueduct  cut  in  the  flank  of  the  mountain  by  the 
Romans  during  their  contest  with  the  Veientes  in  the  year 
394  B.C.,  to  drain  off  the  waters  of  tho  lake,  as  instructed  by 
the  oracle  of  Delphi. — Alba  Longa  stood  on  its  N.E.  margin. 
— Mount  Albano  or  Monte  Cavo,  on  the  E.,  and  2046  feet 
above  the  lake,  has  on  its  summit  the  ruins  of  tho  temple 
of  Latian  Jupiter  {Jupiter  Latiaiis),  commanding  a  mag- 
nificent prospect  over  the  scene  of  the  last  six  books  of  tho 
jEneid  and  of  the  early  history  of  the  Roman  state. 

Albanum,  an  ancient  name  of  the  city  of  Albano. 

Albany,  il'ba-ne,  a  district  of  Scotland,  usually  called 
Breadalbane.  The  second  son  of  the  sovereign  of  Great 
Britain  has  occasionally  been  styled  the  Duke  of  Albany. 
The  title  Duke  of  Albany  was  conferred  upon  the  late 
Prince  Leopold  by  the  Queen  of  England  in  1881. 

Al'bany,  a  river  of  the  North-West  Territories,  Canada, 
takes  its  rise  in  Lake  St.  Joseph,  lat.  51°  N.,  Ion.  90°  20' 
W.,  and  falls  into  James's  Bay.  Total  length,  320  miles. 
About  120  miles  from  its  estuary  it  spreads  into  numerous, 
branches  extending  far  to  the  westward  and  southward  and 
forming  a  chain  of  communication  with  the  waters  of  Lake 
Superior,  Lake  Winnipeg,  and  Severn  River. 

Albany,  all'ba-ne,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  New  York, 
has  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  the  Hudson  River,  and  is  drained  by  the  Catskill,  Nor- 
manskill,  and  Patroon  Creeks.  Tho  Mohawk  River  touches 
the  N.E.  part  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  is 
diversified  by  a  range  of  highlands  called  the  Helderbergs, 
which  rise  nearly  1000  feet  above  the  tide.  Forests  of  the 
beech,  chestnut,  elm,  hickory,  oak,  pine,  sugar-maple,  etc., 
abound.  Hay,  butter,  oats,  potatoes,  Indian  corn,  and  cattle 
are  the  staple  products.  Upper  Silurian  limestone  of  the 
Helderberg  group  crops  out  in  this  county,  which  has  also 
quarries  of  water-lime  and  Onondaga  limestone.  The  east- 
ern terminus  of  the  Erie  Canal  is  in  this  county,  which  is 
intersected  by  the  New  York  Central  Railroad  and  the 
Delaware  &  Hudson  Canal  Company's  Railroad.  The  West 
Shore  Railroad  also  traverses  this  county,  and  other  rail- 
roads connect  with  these  at  Albany,  which  is  the  county, 
town  and  the  capital  of  the  state.  Pop.  in  1870,  133,052; 
in  1880,  154,890;  in  1890,  164,555, 

Albany,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  of  Wyoming,  bordering  on 
Colorado.  It  is  intersected  by  the  North  Fork  of  the  Platte 
River  and  by  the  Laramie  River.    The  surface  is  finely 


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diT«rsifled  by  high  moanUins  and  fertile  plains  and  val- 
leys. The  uoat  prominent  feature  of  this  county  is  Lar- 
amie Peak,  which  rises  about  10,000  fuvt  above  the  level 
of  the  sea.  Here  is  a  viist  beautiful  o{>en  plain  or  table- 
h«(l,  calletl  Laramie  Plain,  which  produces  good  pasture. 
Many  cattle  and  sheep  are  reared  here.  Among  its  min- 
•rals  are  granite  and  in>n  ore.  This  county  U  intersected 
by  the  Union  Paciflo  Railroad.  Capital,  Larnmie  City. 
Pop.  in  1870,  2021 ;  in  I8S0,  4026;  in  18«0,  8866. 

Albany,  a  hamlet  of  Saline  oo..  Ark.,  7  miles  8.  of 
llabelvale.     It  has  2  churches. 

AlbanVt  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dougherty  co.,  Ga., 
on  Flint  Kivor,  at  the  mouth  of  Kinchafooua  Creek,  107 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Macon.  It  is  on  the  Southwestern  Rail- 
road, and  is  the  west  terminus  of  the  Urunswick  &  Albany 
Railroad,  and  the  north  terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  Al- 
lantio  &  Gulf  Railroad.  Cotton  is  shipped  in  steamboats 
at  this  place,  which  is  the  bead  of  navigation.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office  with  daily  and  weekly  issues,  3  banks,  and 
4  churches.     Pop.  in  1880,  3216;  in  1890,  4008. 

Albany,  a  post-village  of  Whiteside  co..  111.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  6  or  6  miles  below  Clinton,  Iowa,  and  on 
the  Western  Union  Railroad,  31  miles  N.E.  of  Rock  Island. 
It  bos  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  611 ;  of  Albany  township,  792. 

Albany,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  Ind.,  in  Dela- 
ware township,  on  the  Mississinewa  River,  about  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Munoie,  and  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Richmond.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  571. 

Albany,  a  post-hamlet  of  Davis  co.,  Iowa,  about  16 
miles  S.W.  of  Ottumwa. 

Albany,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Clinton  co.,  Ky.,  about 
125  miles  S.  of  Frankfort,  and  4  miles  from  the  N.  bound- 
ary of  Tennessee.  It  contains  a  court-house,  3  churches, 
an  academy,  a  tannery,  a  steam  flour-mill,  etc.     Pop.  163. 

Albany,  a  landing-place  in  Caddo  parish,  La.,  on  a 
navigable  lake,  10  miles  from  Shreveport. 

Albany,  a  post-township  of  Oxford  co..  Me.,  about  33 
miles  N.W.  of  Lewiston.  It  has  2  churches,  and  a  spool- 
factory.     Pop.  651. 

Albany,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Stearns  co.,  Minn., 
in  Albany  township,  on  the  St.  Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad,  12 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Melrose.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of  Albany 
township,  314. 

Albany,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Gentry  co.,  Mo.,  in 
Athens  township,  on  Grand  River,  or  its  west  fork,  about 
50  miles  N.N.E.  of  St.  Joseph.  It  has  1  bank,  a  high 
Khool,  3  newspaper  offices,  4  churches,  a  foundry,  a  flouring- 
mill,  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  607. 

Albany,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  N.H.,  74  miles  N.E. 
of  Concord ;  has  a  church.     Post-office,  Chocorua.     Pop.  339. 

Albany,  a  city,  capital  (since  1797)  of  the  state  of  New 
York,  and  of  Albany  co.,  on  the  W.  bunk  of  Hudson  River, 
lat.  42°  39'  3"  N.,  Ion.  73°  32'  W.,  142  miles  N.  of  New 
York,  and  at  the  junction  of  the  New  York  Central  A  Hud- 
son River,  the  Boston  &  Albany,  the  Rensselaer  <fe  Saratoga, 
the  Albany  &  Susquehanna,  and  the  West  Shore  Railroads. 
This  position,  together  with  the  fact  that  the  river  (crossed 
by  three  double-track  iron  railroad  drawbridges)  connects 
here  with  the  great  lakes  by  the  Erie  Canal,  and  with 
Lake  Champlain  by  the  Champlain  Canal,  gives  Albany 
great  advantages  as  a  receiving  and  distributing  point, 
especially  for  grain  and  lumber,  and  makes  it  an  important 
centre  of  the  western  trade.  A  project  is  also  under  con- 
sideration for  so  deepening  the  channel  of  the  river  as 
to  make  it  navigable  for  ocean  steamers  directly  to  the 
Albany  harbor.  The  city  is  well  built,  with  some  very 
fine  streets  and  140  acres  of  beautifully  finished  parks  and 
boulevards  (costing  over  $1,540,000),  besides  264  acres  in 
process  of  development.  Leading  industries  on  a  large 
scale,  besides  printing  and  book-making,  are  the  manufac- 
ture of  stoves  and  other  metal  goods,  clothing  of  every 
description,  boots  and  shoes,  beer  and  ale,  pianos,  card- 
board, glazed  and  colored  papers,  papermakers'  felt,  and 
some  others.  Prominent  buildings  are  the  state  capitol, 
on  which  nearly  $20,000,000  had  been  spent  down  to  1892, 
without  finishing  it;  the  state  hall,  a  fine  structure  of 
white  marble ;  the  state  normal  college,  the  state  armory, 
the  state  geological  and  agricultural  hall  (with  libraries 
and  museums),  the  city  buildings,  the  U.S.  building  for 
post-office  and  courts,  the  county  penitentiary,  almshouse 
and  lunatic  asylum,  and  Harmanus  Bleecker  Hall  (property 
of  the  Young  Men's  Association),  accommodating  comfort- 
ably an  audience  of  3580,  and  capable  of  holding  6000. 
Among  other  institutions  may  be  named  the  Dudley  Ob- 
Eervatory  and  the  medical,  pharmaceutical  and  law  schools, 
affiliated,   since   1871,  with  Union   College,  Schenectady, 


under  the  title  of  Union  University  ;  the  High  School,  the 
Academy,  the  Female  Academy,  the  Albany  Institute, 
the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association,  and  St.  Agnes 
School.  There  are  also  25  public  schools  of  lower  grade, 
at  which  the  attendance  in  1891  was  14,412,  the  average 
daily  attendance  for  the  school  year  being  10,328.  A 
public  reading  library  of  over  160,000  volumes  is  main- 
tained by  the  state.  Among  charities  are  a  number  of 
hospitals  and  orphan  asylums,  homes  for  old  men,  old 
women  and  incurables,  and  a  House  of  Shelter  for  fallen 
women,  desirous  of  reforming.  Albany  is  the  seat  of  a 
Roman  Catholic  and  of  a  Protestant  Episcopal  bishop,  and 
has  about  80  churches,  the  two  cathedrals  being  the  largest 
and  handsomest;  but  several  others  are  elegant  structures. 
There  are  17  banks  and  savings  institutions,  besides  private 
banking  establishments,  and  a  number  of  excellent  clubs. 
About  30  periodicals  are  published.  Electric  railways  run 
to  every  part  of  the  town  and  to  Troy,  West  Troy,  West 
Albany,  Kenwood,  Greenbusb,  and  other  suburbs.  An  ex- 
cellent drainage  system  is  in  operation  ;  and  water  is  sup. 
plied  partly  by  pumping  from  the  river  and  j)artly  by 
natural  streams  impounded  in  reservoirs  at  the  west.  The 
place  was  formerly  known  as  Fort  Orange,  Beverwyck,  and 
Williamstadt.  It  was  settled  in  1540  by  Frenchmen,  who 
began  building  a  castle,  which  was  completed  by  Dutchmen 
in  1615  and  called  Fort  Nassau.  Walloons  from  Holland 
settled  here  in  1624  and  erected  Fort  Orange.  The  place 
was  surrendered  to  the  English,  Sept.  24,  1664,  nnd  named 
Albany,  in  honor  of  the  Duke  of  York  and  Albany,  aftel^• 
wards  James  II.  It  was  chartered  a  city  in  1686.  Pop, 
in  1800,  6289;  in  1820,  12,630;  in  1840,  33,721;  in  1860, 
60,703;  in  1860,  62,367;  in  1870,  69,422;  in  1880,  90,768; 
in  1890,  94,923.  The  municipal  lines  within  which  these 
figures  are  taken  are  far  from  including  the  whole  town, 
populous  and  closely-allied  suburbs  being  excluded. 

Albany  (post-office,  Lee),  an  incorporated  village  of 
Athens  co.,  0.,  in  Lee  township,  about  44  miles  E.  of  Chil- 
licotbe,  and  13  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Athens.  It  con- 
tains 3  churches,  masonic  and  Odd  Fellows'  lodges,  a  public 
library,  and  several  stores,  Ac.     Pop.  about  500. 

Albany,  a  post- village  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.,  In  Wash- 
ington township,  about  37  miles  N.E.  of  Zanesvilte.  It 
contains  2  churches,  the  Hartwood  Normal  Institute,  and 
a  flour-mill. 

Albany,  a  city  and  important  railroad  centre,  the  capi- 
tal of  Linn  co.,  Oregon,  on  the  Willamette  River,  28  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Salem,  and  81  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Portland. 
Small  steamboats  ascend  the  river  to  this  place.  It  is  in 
.in  extensive  v.illey,  noted  for  its  beauty  and  fertility.  Two 
daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Albany 
contains  a  court-house,  11  churches,  the  Albany  Collegiate 
Institute,  3  banks,  and  manufactures  of  sash  and  doors, 
cement,  furniture,  flour,  Ac.  Pop.  in  1880,  1867;  in  1890, 
3079. 

Albany,  a  post-township  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  is  contiguous 
to  the  Kittatinny  or  Blue  Mountain,  and  is  traversed  by 
the  Berks  A  Lehigh  Railroad.  Albany  Station  is  23  miles 
N.  of  Reading.  Albany  contains  villages  named  Kempton 
and  Fetherolffsville  or  Trexler.  It  has  4  tanneries,  7  grist- 
mills, and  4  distilleries.     Pop.  1510. 

Albany,  a  township  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1397. 

Albany,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Tenn.,  6  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Paris. 

Albany,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Shackelford  co.,  Tex.,- 
about  135  miles  W.  of  Fort  Worth,  and  232  miles  by  rail 
N.W.  of  Bremond.  It  has  a  court-house,  3  churches,  ft 
bank,  and  a  newspaper.     Pop.  800. 

Albany,  a  post- township  of  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  about  4 
miles  S.W.  of  Irasburg.  It  has  an  academy,  6  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  starch.     Pop.  1151. 

Albany,  a  post-village  of  Green  co..  Wis.,  on  Sugar 
River,  7  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Brodhead,  and  about  28  miles 
S.  of  Madison.  It  has  several  mills,  4  churches,  and  2 
newspaper  offices.     Pop.  698. 

Albany,  a  township  of  Pepin  co.,  Wis.  Post-office,  East 
Pepin.     Pop.  375. 

Albany,  a  town  and  seaport  of  West  Australia,  on  King 
George  Sound.     Lat.  35°  3'  S.;  Ion.  117°  52'  40"  E. 

Albany  and  Boston,  a  station  in  Houghton  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Mineral  Range  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of 
Hancock. 

Albany  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  10 
miles  from  Barton. 

Albany  Island,  off  Cape  York,  Queensland,  Australia, 
is  in  lilt.  10°  40'  S.,  Ion.  142°  35'  E.  It  is  3  miles  long,  and  1 
mile  in  breadth,  and  is  fertile  and  well  wooded.  The  island 
shelters  the  excellent  port  of  Somerset  or  Port  Albany. 


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453 


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Albany  Lake,  in  Long  Lake  township,  Hamilton 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  the  Great  Adirondack  Wilderness,  discharges 
its  waters  through  Beaver  and  Black  Rivers  into  Lake 
Ontario. 

Albany  Land'ing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co., 
Ky.,  on  Cumberland  Kiver,  40  miles  S.E.  of  Glasgow.  It 
has  a  church. 

Alba  Pompeia,  the  ancient  name  of  Alba. 

Albaredo,  dl-bfl,-ri'do,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  15 
miles  S.E.  of  Verona,  near  the  Adige.     Pop.  4243. 

A'lbareto  di  Borgotaro,  3,1-bi-ri'to  dee  bon-go-ti'- 
Ro,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Parma.     Pop.  3733. 

Al  Baretun,  a  town  cK  Egypt.    See  Baketoon. 

Albarracin,  il-ban-Ri-theen',  a  town  of  Spain,  on  the 
Guailiilaviar,  19  miles  W.N.W.  of  Teruel.     Pop.  2500. 

Al-Bassan,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  El-Bassan. 

Albate,  41-bd,'tA,  a  village  of  Italy,  3  miles  by  rail  S.S.E. 
of  Como.     Pop.  1383. 

Al'baton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monona  oo.,  Iowa,  in  Fair- 
view  township,  on  or  near  the  Missouri  River,  7  miles  from 
Sloan  Railroad  Station. 

Al'batross  Island,  a  small  island  of  Bass's  Strait, 
Australia;  lat.  40°  22'  S.,  Ion.  144°  39'  E. 

Albaugh,  Franklin  co.,  N.Y.    See  Alduro. 

Albay,  d.l-bi',  a  town  of  Luzon,  Philippine  Islands,  capi- 
tal of  a  province,  and  residence  of  a  governor.  The  prov- 
ince is  fertile,  but  subject  to  frequent  volcanic  eruptions. 
Pop.  19,546 ;  of  the  province,  340,000. 

Albay  Bay  or  Gulf,  on  the  coast  of  the  island  of  Lu- 
zon, one  of  the  Philippines.  It  is  large  and  secure,  and 
almost  landlocked. 

Albayda,  il-bi'Di,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Valencia,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  San  Felipe.     Pop.  320U. 

Albce,  dl'bee,  a  township  of  Saginaw  co.,  Mich.,  10  miles 
from  Chesaning ;  has  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  197. 

Albegna,  il-bcn'yA,  or  Albania,  il-bain'yi  (anc.  Al- 
binia),  a  river  of  Italy,  rises  in  Monte  Labro,  flows  S.W., 
and  enters  the  Mediterranean,  5  miles  N.  of  Orbitello. 

Albemarle,  a  town  of  France.     See  Aumale. 

APbemarle',  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  700  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.  by  the  James  River,  and  is  drained  by  the  Rivanna 
and  Hardware  Rivers.  The  Blue  Ridge  extends  along  the 
N.W.  border  of  this  county,  which  has  a  finely  diversified 
surface  and  abounds  with  picturesque  scenery.  The  soil 
is  generally  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  tobacco  are 
the  staple  products  of  the  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad  and  the  Virginia  Midland  <fc 
Great  Southern  Railroad.  Thomas  Jefferson  was  born  in 
this  county.  Capital,  Charlottesville.  Pop.  in  1870,  27,544: 
in  1880,  32,618;  in  1890,  32,379. 

Albemarle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Assumption  parish.  La., 
6  miles  S.  of  Napoleonvilie.  It  is  on  the  Bayou  Lafourche, 
80  miles  above  New  Orleans,  and  about  10  miles  N.W.  of 
Thibodeaux.     Much  sugar  is  produced  here. 

Albemarle,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Stanlv  co.,  N.C., 
about  38  miles  E.  of  Charlotte,  and  20  miles  E.  by  S.  of 
Concord.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  newspaper 
ofiSce.     Pop.  about  450. 

Albemarle  Island,  the  largest  of  the  Galapagos  Is- 
lands, in  the  Pacific  Ocean ;  lat.  0°  56'  S.,  Ion.  91°  38'  W. 
Summit,  4700  feet  in  elevation. 

Albemarle  Sound,  in  the  N.E.  part  of  North  Caro- 
lina, extends  from  the  mouths  of  the  Chowan  and  Roanoke 
Rivers  nearly  to  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  from  which  it  is'  sepa- 
rated by  a  long  narrow  island.  It  is  about  55  miles  long 
from  E.  to  AV.,  and  varies  in  width  from  4  to  15  miles.  The 
Water  is  nearly  fresh,  is  rather  shallow,  and  is  not  afi"eeted  by 
the  tide.  Vessels  can  pass  from  this  sound  into  Pamlico 
Sound,  and  thence  into  the  ocean.  It  also  communicates 
with  Currituck  Sound  by  an  inlet. 

Alben,  towns  of  Austria.    See  Planina  and  Albona. 

Albendorf,  M'ben-doBf\  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Glatz.  Near  it  is  the  sanctuary  of  New 
Jerusalem,  said  to  bo  visited  annually  by  80,000  pilgrims. 

Albenga,  il-b6n'g3,  (anc.  Al'binm  Ingau'num),  a  sea- 
port city  of  Italy,  on  a  railway,  44  miles  S.W.  of  Genoa. 
Pop.  4247.     It  has  Roman  antiquities  and  feudal  edifices. 

Albens,  irbftN"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Savoy,  on  a  rail- 
way, 6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Aix. 

Albera  Ligure,  dl-bi'ri  le-goo'ri,  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  1049. 

Alberbury,  il'b?r-ber-e,  a  parish  of  England  and 
Wales,  counties  of  Salop  and  Montgomery.  Old  Parr  was 
bom  in  this  parish  in  1483. 

Alberca,  il-bdn'ki,  a  town  of  Spain,  4  miles  S.  of  Mur- 
■4a.    Pop.  1640,    The  name  Alberca  is  also  given  to  a 


river  in  Alicante,  a  mountain  in  Avila,  a  town  in  New 
Castile  (pop.  1270),  and  a  village  in  Leon  (pop.  1701). 

Alberche,  3,1-bdu'chi,  a  river  of  Spain,  rises  in  Old 
Castile,  and,  after  a  course  of  150  miles,  falls  into  the  Tagus. 

Alberes  (&l-baiR')  Mountains,  the  name  of  the  E 
portion  of  the  Pyrenees. 

Alberiqne,  &l-bi-ree'ki,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Valencia, 

11  miles  N.  of  San  Felipe.     Pop.  3000. 

Alber'ni,  a  large  lumber  and  saw-mill  establishment  on 
Barclay  Sound,  W.  coast  of  Vancouver  Island,  British  Co- 
lumbia. The  Alberni  Canal  is  a  long  and  narrow  fiord  or 
channel  extending  inward  from  the  above-named  sound, 

Alberobello,  irbi-ro-b§l'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Foggia.     Pop.  4408. 

Alberona,  &l-bi-ro'nS,,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  a  valley, 
22  miles  W.  of  Foggia,     Pop.  3550. 

AlberschAveiler,  S,rb?r-sh^i'l§r,  a  village  of  Bavaria, 
in  the  Palatinate,  3  miles  E.N.E.  of  Annweiler.     Pop.  2067. 

Alberschwende,  Arb^r-shwen'dQh,  a  village  of  Aus- 
tria, in  the  Tyrol,  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bregcnz.     Pop.  1847. 

Albersdorf,  il'b^rs-donf  \  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hol- 
stein,  19  miles  S.W.  of  Rendsburg. 

Albert,  3,rbaiR'  (formerly  called  Ancre),  a  town  of 
France,  department  of  Somme,  on  the  Railway  du  Nord,  18 
miles  N.E.  of  Amiens,  with  woollen-  and  cotton-factories', 
foundries,  saltpetre-works,  and  paper-mills.     Pop.  4019. 

Al'bert,  a  county  of  New  Brunswick,  on  the  Bay  of 
Fundy.  This  county  contains  valuable  albertite-mines  and 
gypsum-quarries.     Capital,  Hopewell  Cape.     Pop.  10,672. 

Alber'ta,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Minn,     Pop.  263. 

Alberta,  a  post-ofiice  of  Meigs  co.,  0.,  is  at  Dansville. 
a  hamlet  21  miles  from  Hamden. 

Alberta,  Canada,  is  one  of  the  four  provisional  dis- 
tricts formed  from  a  portion  of  the  North-West  Territories 
in  1882.  It  is  bounded  N.  by  lat.  65°,  E.  by  Assiniboia 
and  Saskatchewan,  S.  by  lat.  49°,  W.  by  British  Columbia. 
Area,  105,355  square  miles.  Pop.  (1891)  26,123.  Chief 
town,  Calgary. 

Al'bert  Bridge,  a  post-village  in  Cape  Breton  co.. 
Nova  Scotia,  on  Mira  River,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sidney. 

Albert  Lea  (lee),  a  city  and  railroad  centre,  capital 
of  Freeborn  co.,  Minn.,  is  finely  situated  on  Albert  Lea  and 
Fountain  Lakes,  108  miles  S.  of  Minneapolis.    The  city  has 

12  churches,  3  banks,  2  weekly  newspapers,  a  graded  school, 
and  2  colleges,  one  of  which,  the  Albert  Lea  College,  was 
founded  by  the  Synod  of  Minnesota  for  the  higher  Christian 
education  of  women.  It  has  also  5  grain  elevators,  3  first- 
class  hotels,  an  iron-foundry,  a  brick-yard,  3  flouring-mills, 
electric-light  plant,  water-works,  <fec.     Pop.  (1890)  3305. 

Albert  Mines,  a  mining  village  in  Albert  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Moncton.  It  contains 
rich  and  extensive  coal-  or  "albertite"-mine8.  A  tram- 
way, bh  miles  long,  connects  the  mines  with  Hillsborough, 
a  port  of  entry.     Pop.  200. 

Al'bert  Nyan'za  (native  name,  as  written  by  Baker, 
M'wootan  N'zig6),  a  great  lake  of  Eastern  Central 
Africa,  one  of  the  sources  of  the  White  Nile,  was  first  visited 
by  Baker  in  1864.  It  is  about  150  miles  long,  with  a  breadth 
of  about  50  miles.  It  is  in  a  rocky  region,  and  is  very  deep, 
except  in  the  S.  It  receives  the  waters  of  the  Victoria 
Nyanza  (which  lies  80  miles  southeastward)  through  the 
Kari  or  Somerset  River.     Elevation,  2720  feet. 

Al'berton,  or  E'lysville,  a  post-village  of  Howard  co., 
Md.,  on  the  Patapsco  River  and  the  Baltimore  &,  Ohio  Rail- 
road, at  Elysville  Station,  20  miles  W.  of  Baltimore,  It  has 
a  cotton-factory.  The  name  of  its  post-ofiicc  is  AlbertOD 
Pop.  300. 

Al'berton,  a  seaport  town  of  Prince  Edward  Island, 
Prince  co.,  on  the  Cascumpeque  River,  and  on  the  Prince 
Edward  Island  Railway,  93  miles  N.N.W.  of  Charlottetown. 
It  contains  Episcopal,  Presbyterian,  and  Methodist  churches, 
a  Catholic  chapel,  and  several  stores  and  mills.  The  port, 
called  Cascumpeque  or  Holland  Harbor,  is  the  best  on  the 
northern  side  of  the  island.     Pop.  600. 

Alberton,  a  post-village  in  Wcntworth  co.,  Ontario, 
Canada,  12  miles  from  Hamilton,     Pop.  100. 

Albertopoli.     See  Albekt-Ville. 

Albert  River,  two  rivers  of  Australia :  one,  in  Queens- 
land, falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria ;  the  other,  in  Vic- 
toria, flows  into  the  Pacific  near  Port  Albert. 

Al'bertson,  a  post-ofiice  of  Duplin  co.,  N.C,  in  Albert- 
son  township,  18  miles  from  Mount  Olive  Station,  Pop.  of 
the  township,  667, 

Albert-Ville,  irbaiR'veel'  (It.  Albertopoli,  il-b5r-top'- 
o-le),  a  town  of  France,  in  Savoy,  on  the  river  Arly,  12  miles 
N.E.  of  Chamb6ry.  It  has  a  normal  school,  and  comprises 
the  former  towns  of  Conflans  and  L'Hopital,     Pop,  4398. 


ALB 


454 


ALB 


Al'bcrtvillet  a  post-riUage  of  Marshall  eo.,  Ala.,  8 
tnilea  S.  by  W.  of  Uuntersville.    It  has  2  churches.   Pop.  250. 

Albcse,  il-b&'8&,  or  Albcsio,  &l-b4'se-o,  a  village  of 
Italy.  4  miles  E.S.E.  of  Como.     Pop.  1492. 

Albcttone,  &l-Mt-to'n&,  a  villago  of  Italy,  in  Venetia, 
16  miles  S.  of  Vicensa.     I'op.  1752. 

Albi,  &rb««,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Calabria,  11  miles  N.W. 
of  CaUnsaro.     Pop.  1997. 

AIbi,  a  city  of  Franco.    See  Albt. 

Al'bia,  a  stntion  in  the  Indian  Territory,  on  the  St. 
Louis  A  San  Fmnoisco  Railroad,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Vinita. 

Albia,  urbc-^  a  post-village,  capital  of  Monroe  co., 
Iowa,  is  the  S.  tohminus  of  the  Central  Railroad  of  Iowa, 
and  is  on  the  Uuilingtun  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  25 
miles  W.  of  Ottumwa.  and  24  miles  S.S.W.  of  Oskaloosa,  at 
the  junction  of  the  Albia,  Knoxvillc  A  Dcs  Moines  Railroad. 
It  has  a  court-house,  1  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  2  news- 
paper oOiocs,  a  graded  school,  and  6  churches.  P.  (1890)  2359. 

Albia,  a  post-oflico  of  \Vashington  co.,  Kansas. 

Albia,  a  village  of  Now  York,  a  suburb  of  Troy. 

Albiano,  &l-bO'&'no,  a  villago  of  Italy,  province  of 
Massa  e  Carrara,  16  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Pontroraoli.     P.  1260. 

Albinno  d'lvrca,  &l-be-Jl'no  dee-vr&'il,  a  village  of 
Italy,  province  of  Turin.     Pop.  2060. 

Albidona,  i.l-be-do'n&,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Cosenza, 
20  miles  N.E.  of  Castrovillari,  near  the  Gulf  of  Taranto. 

Albiga,  Albigeois,  or  Albigenses.    See  Atnr. 

Albignasego,  Al-beon-yi-si'go,  a  village  of  Italy,  4 
miles  S.  of  Padua.     Pop.  .3170. 

Albigowa,  il-bo-go'vi,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Galioia, 
circle  of  Rzesiow.     Pop.  1269. 

Albin,  a  town  of  France.     See  Aubin. 

Al'bin,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  344. 

Albina,  dl-be'na,  a  city  of  Multnomah  co.,  Oregon,  on 
the  Willamette  River,  nearly  opposite  Portland.  It  has 
several  churches,  a  bank,  manufactures  of  locomotives,  rail- 
way coaches  and  cars,  sash  and  doors,  Ac,  a  good  public 
school  system,  and  a  newspaper  oflBce,  It  is  the  seat  of  the 
Methodist  University  of  Oregon.     Pop.  in  1890,  5129. 

Albinea,  il-be-ni'S,,  a  town  of  Italy,  provinceof  Reggio 
in  Emilia,  near  Scandiano.     Pop.  3301. 

Albincn,  ftl-bee'n?n,  or  Arbignon,  ar^been^yiN"',  a 
village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Valais,  situated  on  an 
abrupt  mountain  over  4000  feet  high,  and  accessible  only 
by  a  series  of  nearly  perpendicular  ladders,  which  the  in- 
habitants ascend  and  descend  at  all  hours.     Pop.  340. 

Albinia,  the  ancient  name  of  Albegna. 

Albinn,  the  ancient  name  of  Albyn,  meaning  Scotland. 

Albino,  il-bee'no,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  8  miles 
N.E.  of  Bergamo,  on  the  Serio.     Pop.  2974. 

Albion,  &rbe-9n,  the  ancient  name  of  Great  Britain, 
said  incorrectly  to  have  been  given  to  it  on  account  of  the 
lofty  white  cliffs  on  the  S.  shores  of  the  island. 

Albion,  4rbe-on  or  arbe-9n,  a  post-village  of  Mendo- 
cino CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  Pacific  Ocean,  at  the  mouth  of  Albion 
River,  about  135  miles  N.N.W.  of  San  Francisco.  It  has  a 
lumber-mill,  and  is  mainly  supported  by  the  lumber  busi- 
ness.   Albion  River  affords  an  unsafe  anchorage.    Pop.  115. 

Albion,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cassia  co.,  Idaho, 
about  150  miles  S.E.  of  Boisfe  City,  and  about  25  miles  S. 
of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches,  2  acade- 
mies, a  public  school,  and  a  newspaper  oflSce.     Pop.  200. 

Albion,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Edwards  co.,  III.,  56 
miles  by  rail  N.AV.  of  Evansville,  Ind.  It  has  5  churches, 
a  bank,  a  creamery,  an  academy,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Pop.  about  1200. 

Albion,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Noble  co.,  Ind.,  is 
situated  near  Elkhart  River,  on  a  railroad,  about  30  miles 
N.W.  of  Fort  Wayne,  and  128  miles  from  Chicago.  It  has 
6  churches,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
tannery,  a  flour-mill,  and  manufactures  of  sash,  blinds,  and 
agricultural  machinery.     Pop.  in  1890,  1229. 

Albion,  a  post- village  in  Iowa  township,  Marshall  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Iowa  River,  and  on  the  Central  Railroad  of 
Iowa,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Marshalltown.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  seminary,  and  graded  schools.  Pop. 
about  500. 

Albion,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harper  co.,  Kansas,  23  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Wellington.     Pop.  50. 

Albion,  a  post-hamlet  in  Albion  township,  Kennebec 
CO.,  Me.,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Augusta.  It  has  2  churches,  3 
stores,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  planing-mill.  Pop.  75 ;  of  the 
township,  1350. 

Albion,  a  city  of  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.,  in  Albion  and 
Sheridan  townships,  on  the  Kalamazoo  River,  and  on  the 
Michigan  Central  Railroad,  20  miles  W.  of  Jackson,  96 
miles  W.  of  Detroit,  and  39  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lansing.    The 


Lansing  division  of  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan  Southern 
Railroad  crosses  the  Michigan  Central  Rnilroad  at  this 
point.  It  has  6  churches,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank, 
a  Methodist  institution  called  Albion  College  (which  wni 
founded  in  I860,  and  has  about  600  students),  a  graded 
school,  a  public  library,  and  a  conservatory  of  music.  Two 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Albion  has  also  a 
tannery,  a  maouine  shop,  3  flour-mills,  and  manufactures 
of  agricultural  implements,  sash,  blinds,  and  windmills, 
besides  numerous  stores  and  other  business  concerns.  Pop 
in  1890,  3763.  '^ 

Albion,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Boone  co..  Neb.,  43 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Columbus.  It  has  3  newspaper 
offices,  5  churches,  3  banks,  a  high  school,  and  numurous 
stores.     Pop.  in  1890,  926. 

Albion,  a  post-village,  the  capital  of  Orleans  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Erie  Canal  and  New  York  Centrol  Railroad,  30  miles 
W.  of  Rochester,  and  52  miles  N.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  2 
national  banks,  8  ohurohcs,  5  newspaper  offices,  a  union 
school  system ;  also  an  academy.  Here  are  several  flour- 
mills  and  manufactures  of  iron,  and  extensive  stone  quar- 
ries, Ac.     Pop.  of  Albion  township  (1890),  5773. 

Albion,  a  township  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  traversed  by 
the  Rome  A  Watertown  Railroad,  contains  several  manu- 
facturing hamlets.  Albion  Station  (Sand  Bank  Post-Office) 
is  36  miles  N.W.  of  Rome.     Pop.  in  1890,  2172. 

Albion,  a  post-village  in  Jackson  township,  Ashland 
CO.,  0.,  3  miles  from  West  Salem,  and  about  26  miles  N.E. 
of  Mansfield.  It  has  2  churches,  a  carriage-shop,  and  a 
chair-factory. 

Albion,  a  post-borough  of  Erie  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Beaver 
A  Erie  Canal  and  the  Erie  A  Pittsburg  Railroad,  26  miles 
S.W.  of  Erie.  It  has  a  church,  a  high  school,  and  manu- 
factures of  oars  and  horse-rakes.     Pop.  about  500. 

Albion,  a  post-village  in  Lincoln  township.  Providence 
CO.,  R.I.,  on  the  Providence  A  Worcester  Railroad,  11  miles 
N.  by  W.  from  Providence,  and  1  mile  W.  of  Blackstone  River. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  cotton-factory.    Pop.  402. 

Albion,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Dane  co..  Wis., 
3  miles  from  Edgerton,  and  about  14  miles  N.  of  Janesville. 
Koshkonong  Lake  touches  the  S.E.  part  of  the  township. 
It  has  an  academy  and  3  churches.    Total  pop.  1261. 

Albion,  a  township  of  Jackson  oo.,  Wis.  It  includes 
Black  River  Falls. 

Albion,  a  township  of  Trempealeau  co..  Wis.    Pop.  370, 

Albion,  or  Bol'ton,  a  post-village  in  Cardwell  co., 
Ontario,  Canada,  on  the  Ilumber  River,  and  on  a  railway, 
25  miles  from  Toronto.  It  contains  2  telegraph  offices,  sev- 
eral stores,  a  flour-  and  grist-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  an  iron- 
foundry,  and  has  a  weekly  newspaper.     Pop.  1000. 

Albion  Mines,  or  Coal  Mines,  or  Stel'larton,  a 
mining  village  in  Pictou  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  East  River,  and 
on  the  Intercolonial  Railway  (station  called  Stellarton),  101 
miles  N.E.  of  Halifax,  and  6  miles  by  rail  from  Pictou  Har- 
bor. Here  are  mines,  from  which  large  quantities  of  coal 
are  raised.  The  village  contains  a  telegraph  office  and 
about  15  stores.     Pop.  (1891)  2297. 

Albis,  a  river  of  Germany.    See  Elbe. 

Albis,  mountains  in  Switzerland.     See  Zurich.  , 

Albissola  Marina,  &l-bis-so'l^  m&-rce'ni,  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  of  Genoa,  2  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Savonaj 
with  extensive  manufactures  of  porcelain  vases.    Pop.  1550. 

Albissola  Superiore,  il-bis-so'li  soo-pi-re-o'ri,  a 
town  of  Italy,  separated  from  the  above  by  the  Sansoblo^ 
Pop.  2130. 

Albium  Ingaunum,  the  ancient  name  of  Albenoa.  , 

Albium  Intimelium.    See  Vintimiglia. 

Albizzate,  il-bit-sS,'tA,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Milan,  5  miles  N.  of  Gallarate.     Pop.  1920. 

Alblasserdam,  il-bl&8's?r-dim\  a  village  of  the  Neth^ 
criands,  South  Holland,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Rotterdam,  on  the 
navigable  river  Merwode.    It  has  ship-yards.     Pop.  3981. 

Albocdcer,  il-bo-ki'thJr,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Valen- 
cia, 32  miles  N.W.  of  Castellon  de  la  Plana.     Pop.  1560. 

Alboloduy,  il-bo-lo-doo'e,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Anda- 
lusia, 20  miles  N.N.AV.  from  Almeria,  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  river  Almeria.     Pop.  1949.    ' 

Albon,  irbdN"',  atown  of  France,  department  of  DrOme, 
5  miles  N.N.E.  of  St.  Vallier,  near  the  Rhone.     Pop.  2401. 

Albona,  il-bo'nS,  (Ger.  Alben,  8,rb?n;  Illyrian,  Lahin, 
14-bccn'),  a  town  of  Istria,  42  miles  S.E.  of  Triest.   Pop.  2084 

Albondon,  il-bon-don',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
38  miles  S.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  3392. 

Albonese,  il-bo-ni'si,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Padua,  3  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mortara.     Pop.  1121. 

Alboran,  il-bo-r&n',  a  small  island  in  the  Mediterra^ 
nean,  belonging  to  Spain.    Lat.  35°  56'  N. ;  Ion.  3°  0'  40"  Iff 


ALB 


455 


ALC 


Alborea,  5.1-bo-ri'S,,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Murcia,  22 
miles  N.N.AV.  of  Albacete.     Pop.  1721. 

Alborg,  a  town  of  Denmark.    Sec  Aalborg. 

Albosaggia,  il-bo-sM'ji,  a  village  of  Italy,  3  miles 

B.S.W.  of  Sondrio,  in  the  valley  of  the  Adda.     Pop.  203S. 

'  Al  Bostan,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey.    See  El  Bostan. 

Albox,  dl-boH',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  40  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Almeria,  on  the  banks  of  the  Rambla  de  Oria, 
which  divides  the  town  into  two  quarters.  It  has  a  prison, 
hospital,  and  a  manufactory  of  pottery.     Pop.  3705. 

Albrechtsdorf,  il'brjKts-ddKf  \  a  town  of  Bohemia,  6 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Gablonz ;  has  large  glass-works.   Pop.  4259. 

Albreda,  al-bri'di,  a  town  of  Gambia,  belonging  to  the 
British  colony  of  that  name,  with  a  harbor  on  the  Gambia 
Biver.    Principal  exports,  pea-nuts  and  copra.    Pop.  7000. 

Albright,  awl'brit,  a  post-hamlet  of  Preston  co.,  W.Va., 
on  Cheat  River,  47  miles  W.  of  Keyser.     It  has  2  churches. 

Albrightsville,  awl'brits-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carbon 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  15  miles  N.E.  of  Mauch  Chunk. 

Albuera,  fl,l-boo-i'r3,,  a  river  of  Spain,  province  of 
Badajos,  flows  into  the  Guadiana.     Length,  50  miles. 

Albuera,  ^l-boo-^'ri  or  Al-bwi'rS.,  or  La  Albuera,  18, 
ll-bwi'rS,,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  13  miles  S.E. 
of  Badajos,  on  the  river  of  the  same  name.  On  tho  16th  of 
May,  1811,  the  British  and  allies,  under  General  Bercsford, 
here  gained  a  victory  over  tho  French,  commanded  by 
Marshal  Soult.     Pop.  450. 

Albufcira,  11-boo-fi'e-rS,,  a  seaport  town  of  Portugal, 
province  of  Algarve,  on  the  Atlantic,  46  miles  E.  of  Cape 
St.  Vincent.  Pop.  4078.  Its  harbor,  which  admits  the 
largest  vessels,  is  defended  by  a  citadel  and  batteries. 

Albufera,  il-boo-fi'ril,  a  lake  of  Spain,  on  the  coast,  7 
miles  S.  of  Valencia,  11  miles  in  length  by  4  in  breadth. 
It  communicates  with  the  Mediterranean. 

Albula,  3,1'boo-li,  a  mountain-pass  of  Switzerland, 
Orisons,  leads  across  Mount  Albula  from  the  valley  of  Bcr- 
giin  to  the  Upper  Engadine,  and  from  the  basin  of  the 
Rhine  to  that  of  the  Inn.     Its  highest  point  is  7713  feet. 

Albuiiol,  il-boon-yol',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
province  of  Granada,  35  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Almeria,  near 
the  coast  of  the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  4080. 

Albuquerque,  3,l-boo-k5R'ki,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Es- 
tremadura, 26  miles  N.  of  Badajos.  Pop.  7527.  It  has  a 
castle,  and  manufactures  of  cotton  and  woollen  cloths. 

Albuquerque,  il-boo-k5r'ki,  a  city,  capital  of  Berna- 
lillo CO.,  New  Mexico,  on  tho  Rio  Grande,  and  on  the 
Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of 
the  Atlantic  &  Pacific  Railroad,  about  56  miles  S.AV.  of 
Santa  F6.  It  has  10  churches,  a  territorial  university,  an 
academy,  graded  schools,  electric-  and  gas-light  companies, 
city  water-works,  and  2  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers. 
Pop.  in  1880,  2315;  in  1890  (with  old  Albuquerque;,  5518. 

Albuquerque  (a,l-boo-kfin'ki)  Islands,  or  South- 
west Keys,  a  group  in  the  Caribbean  Sea,  110  miles  E. 
of  the  Mosquito  coast.     Lat.  12°  4'  N. ;  Ion.  81°  50'  W. 

Alburg,  awl'burg,  a  post-township  of  Grand  Isle  co.,  Vt., 
about  32  miles  N.  of  Burlington,  is  a  peninsula  washed  by 
Lake  Champlain  on  all  sides  except  the  N.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  and  contains  a  post-hamlet 
and  a  station  of  its  own  name,  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  St. 
Albans.     It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  1716. 

Alburg  (incorrectly  Albaugn),  a  post-hamlet  in  Moira 
vownship,  Franklin  co.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  from  Moira  Railroad 
Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Alburg  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grand  Isle  co.,  Vt., 
on  Lake  Champlain,  about  38  miles  N.  of  Burlington,  and 
3i  miles  from  Alburg  Springs.     It  has  a  church. 

Alburg  Springs,  a  post-village  in  Alburg  township, 
Grand  Isle  co.,  Vt.,  on  Lake  Champlain  and  the  Central 
Vermont  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Rouse's  Point.  It  has 
mineral  springs,  2  hotels,  2  churches,  and  an  academy. 

Alburtis,  al-btir'tis,  a  post-village  in  Lower  Macungie 
township,  Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Reading 
Riiilroad,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Allentown.  It  is  the  south  ter- 
minus of  the  Catasauqua  &  Fogelsville  Railroad.  It  has  a 
church,  iron-mines,  and  2  blast-furnaces  owned  by  the 
Thomas  Iron  Company.     Pop.  about  800. 

Albury,  al'ber-re,  a  town  of  Australia,  in  New  South 
Wales,  at  the  head  of  steam  navigation  on  the  Murray  River, 
386  miles  by  railway  S.AV.  of  Sydney,  and  opposite  Wodonga, 
in  Victoria.     It  has  extensive  wine-cellars.     Pop.  2592. 

Albury,  a  post-village  in  Prince  Edward  co.,  Ontario, 
Canada,  9  miles  from  Belleville.     Pop.  100. 

Albuzzano,  il-boot-si'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  4  miles 
E.  of  Pavia.     Pop.  1558. 

Alby,  or  Albi,  al'bee  or  irbce'  (L.  Alhiga,  Al'ha  Au- 
gus'ta),  a  city  of  France,  capital  of  the  department  of  Tarn, 


on  the  left  bank  of  the  Tarn,  338  miles  S.  of  Paris,  and  42 
miles  N.E.  of  Toulouse,  at  the  junction  of  several  railway*. 
It  is  the  seat  of  an  archbishop.  It  is  ill  built,  the  streets 
being  narrow  and  irregular.  Besides  a  tribunal  of  com- 
merce and  a  college,  there  are  in  tho  town  a  museum  of 
natural  history,  a  society  of  rural  economy,  trade,  and  sta- 
tistics,  and  a  public  library  of  more  than  14,000  volumes; 
also  normal  schools,  a  divinity  school,  a  theatre,  and  bar- 
racks. The  manufactures  are  of  castings,  linen,  sacking, 
cottons,  handkerchiefs,  and  wax  candles.  The  town  suflerej 
much  in  the  religious  wars  of  France ;  and  from  it  the  re- 
formers of  the  twelfth  and  thirteenth  centuries,  called  in 
French  Albirjeoia  (irbee'zhwfl,' ;  haiin,  Albigensea,  al-be- 
jfln's^z),  took  their  name.     Pop.  17,470. 

Alby,  or  Albi,  al'bee  (Fr.  pron.  &rbee'),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Haute-Savoie,  on  the  Cheran,  9  miles  S.E.  of 
Annecy.     Pop.  1215. 

Albyn,  or  Albinn,  the  ancient  (Celtic  ?)  name  of  Scot- 
land, from  Alb  or  AlPj  signifying  "  highland"  or  "  moun- 
tain." 

Alcacer  do  Sal,  al-kiss'Sr  do  sil  {i.e.,  "salt  castle"), 
(anc.  Salacia),  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Estremadura,  on  the 
Saldao,  46  miles  S.E.  of  Lisbon.     Pop.  26«9. 

Alcala  de  Chivert,  il-ki-li'  Ak  che-vaint',  a  town 
of  Spain,  in  Valencia,  29  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Castellon. 
Pop.  5448. 

Alcala  de  Guadaira,  il-kS,-!!'  di  gw4-Di'r&,  a  town 
of  Spain,  7  miles  E.  of  Seville,  with  a  Moorish  castle,  and 
an  extensive  trade  in  grain.     Pop.  7341. 

Alcala  de  Henares,  il-ka-li'  d4  5n-l'r6s,  a  walled 
city  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  17  miles  E.N.E.  of  Madrid,  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  Henares.  Alcald  has  2  colleges,  sev- 
eral convents,  2  public  libraries,  and  3  schools  of  primary 
instruction.  Cervantes  was  born  here  in  1547.  Pop.  in 
1768,  22,000  ;  now  8800. 

Alcala  del  Jucar,  41-k3,-l4'  dfil  noo'kaR,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Murcia,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Jucar,  19  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Albacete.     Pop.  1594. 

Alcala  de  los  Gazules,  il-k3,-li'  di  loce  gi-thoo'lSs, 
a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  on  the  slope  of  the  Ronda 
Mountains,  37  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Cadiz.     Pop.  5516. 

Alcala  del  Rio,  Al-ki-li'  dSl  ree'o,  a  town  of  Spain, 
in  Andalusia,  8  miles  N.  of  Seville,  on  the  Guadalquivir. 
Pop.  2545. 

Alcala  del  Valle,  &l-ki-lJ,'  d41  vil'y4,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Andalusia,  45  miles  E.  of  Cadiz.    Pop.  1764. 

Alcald  la  Real,  ai-ki-ia.'  li  ri-ai',  a  city  of  Spain, 
in  Andalusia,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Jacn,  on  the  N.  side  of  the 
Granada  Mountains,  about  2700  feet  above  tho  sea.  The 
chief  public  buildings  are  a  town-  and  court-house,  a  civil 
hospital,  and  several  convents.     Pop.  6738. 

Alcamo,  il'ki-mo,  a  town  of  Sicily,  22  miles  E.  of 
Trapani,  picturesquely  situated  on  a  hill,  with  towers  and 
edifices  of  a  Moorish  origin.  Pop.  37,097.  Near  it  are  tho 
ruins  of  a  theatre,  and  remains  of  the  ancient  Seges'ta. 

Alcanadre,  il-ki-ni'dri,  a  river  of  Spain,  in  Aragon, 
joins  the  Cinca  after  a  course  of  about  60  miles. 

Alcanar,  il-ki-nan',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  19 
miles  S.  of  Tortosa.     Pop.  3000. 

Alcanede,  il-ki-ni'dd,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Estre- 
madura, 12  miles  N.  of  Santarem.     Pop.  2568. 

Alcaniz,  il-kin-yecth',  a  walled  town  of  Spain,  in 
Aragon,  province  of  Teruel,  on  the  right  bank  of  tho 
Guadalupe,  60  miles  S.E.  of  Saragossa.  It  has  a  college, 
hospital,  and  parish  churches.     Pop.  7522. 

Alcantara,  il-kin'ti-ra,  (Arab,  "the  bridge,"  anc. 
Nor'ha  Cmaare'a),  a  fortified  town  of  Spain,  in  Estrema- 
dura, on  the  Tagus,  near  tho  Portuguese  frontier,  35  miles 
N.W.  of  Caceres.  Pop.  4101.  The  city  derived  its  namo 
from  the  magnificent  bridge  over  the  Tagus,  which  was 
burned  by  the  national  troops  in  1836. 

Alcantara,  il-kdn't4-ra,  a  river  of  Sicily,  falls  into  the 
Mediterranean  S.  of  Taormina. 

Alcantara,  S.l-kin'ti-ri,  a  seaport  town  of  Brazil,  in 
the  state  of  Maranhao,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  estuary  of  tho 
Maranhao  River,  near  its  mouth.     Pop.  5500. 

Alcantarilla,  il-kin-ti-reel'yi  ("the  little  bridge"), 
a  town  of  Spain,  5  miles  by  rail  from  Murcia.     Pop.  4089. 

Alcara  11  Fusi,  5,1-ki'ri  lee  foo'see,  a  town  of  Sicily, 
in  Messina,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Patti.     Pop.  2470. 

Alcaraz,  3,1-ki-rlth',  a  town  of  Spain,  34  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Albacete.  It  has  ruins  of  an  ancient  castle,  manufactures 
of  woollens,  and  mines  of  copper  and  zinc.     Pop.  2907. 

Alcassar  Ceguer,  al-kis'sar  thi-gain',  a  fortified  vil- 
lage of  Morocco,  on  the  Strait  of  Gibraltar. 

Alcatraz,  or  Alcatras,  il-ki-trJ,s',  a  rocky  islet  on 
tho  N.W.  coast  of  Africa;  lat.  10°  37'  N.,  Ion.  15°  21'  W. 


ALO 


451 


ALD 


AlcatraZf  ll-k&-trii',  a  poat-offlee  of  San  Franoisoo 
«K,  Oftl.,  is  on  th«  island  of  Aloatrat,  4  mil«B  N.  of  San 
Fraaeiaoo.  Hera  it  a  strongly  fortiflod  post,  used  as  a  mili- 
tary prison.  Tho  island  is  1050  foot  long,  and  rises  to  a 
height  of  KiO  feet.  It  has  a  light-house  36  feet  high;  lat. 
S7"  4»'  27"  N.,  Ion.  122°  24'  19"  W. 

Alcatrazes,  or  Alcatrnsses,  &l-k&-tr&s'»fis,  a  group 
of  barren  rocks  on  the  E.  const  of  South  America,  20  milos 
from  the  mainland ;  lat.  24°  «'  S.,  ion.  45°  40'  W. 

AlcaudetCf  &l-kuw-d&'tA  (ano.  Unditu'numf),t^  town 
of  Snain,  Andalusia,  24  miles  S.W.  of  Jaen.     Pop.  5588. 

Alcazar  (or  Alcacer)  de  Sau  Joan,  Al-k^'tb^r  d& 
s&n  iioo-An'  (almost  sAn  Hw4n'),  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New 
Castile,  45  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Ciudad  Real.  Pop.  7800. 
It  has  manufactures  of  soap,  gunpowder,  and  nitre. 

Alcaz'ar  Kcbeer  (or  Kebir),  kf-beeR'  ("the  great 
palace"),  a  city  of  Morocco,  80  miles  N.W.  of  Fez.  Pop. 
6000.  Near  it  is  a  bridge  (Alc&iitara)  whore  Sebastian, 
king  of  Portugal,  was  defeated  and  killed,  August  4,  1578. 

Alccstc,  il-sfist',  a  small  island  in  tho  Gulf  of  Pe-che- 
lee,  3  miles  N.W.  of  the  N.E.  point  of  Shan-Toong. 

Alcester,  pronounced  and  sometimes  written  Awl'- 
Ster,  or  Aw'stcr,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  of  War- 
wick, at  the  junction  of  the  Alne  and  Arrow,  on  a  railway, 
13  miles  W.S.W,  of  Warwick.     Pop.  2363. 

Al'cestcr,  a  post-village  of  Union  co..  South  Dakota, 
19  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Centreville.     Pop.  200. 

Al'chie^  a  post-hamlet  of  Halifax  co.,  Ya.,  18  miles 
N.W.  of  Boston  Railroad  Station.    Near  it  is  a  church. 

Alchiiku,  a  town  of  Manchooria.    See  A-Siie-IIo. 

Alcira,  il-theo'ri  (anc.  Satabictda),  an  ancient  town 
of  Spain,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Valencia,  on  an  island  in  the 
Jucar.  Pop.  14,050.  It  has  fine  bridges,  and  near  it  is  a 
remarkable  stalactitio  cavern. 

Alckmner  and  Alcmaria.    See  Alkmaar. 

Alcobac^a^  4l-ko-b,\'sJ,,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province 
of  Estremadura,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Leiria.  Pop.  1458,  with 
an  ancient  abbey,  in  which  are  the  tombs  of  many  kings. 

AlcobendaSf  Al-ko-Bfin'dis,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New 
Castile,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  1560. 

Alcocer,  dl-ko-thaiR',  a  town  of  Spain,  29  miles  S.E. 
of  Guadal.ijara.     Pop.  1630. 

Alcoentrc,  il-ko-fin'trii,  a  small  town  of  Portugal,  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Santarem.     Pop.  1305. 

Alcofauhatchec.    See  Ulcofauhatchee. 

Alcolca  del  Rio,  &,l-ko-Wk  ddl  ree'o,  a  town  of  Spain, 
25  miles  N.E.  of  Seville,  near  the  Guadalquivir.  Pop.  2060. 
Many  small  Spanish  towns  are  named  Alcolea. 

Alcona,  fil-ko'na,  a  county  in  the  E.N.E.  part  of 
Michig.an,  has  an  area  of  about  625  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  Lake  Huron,  and  is  intersected  by 
the  Au  Sable  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level ;  the  soil 
is  partly  fertile.  The  staple  products  are  wheat,  oats,  pota- 
toes, Ac.  Cnpital,  Harrisville.  The  Detroit,  Bay  City  & 
Alpena  Railroad  passes  through  this  county.  Pop.  in  1870, 
696;  in  1880,  3107;  in  1890,  6409. 

Alcona,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Alcona  co., 
Mich.,  is  on  or  near  Lake  Huron,  9  miles  N.  of  Harrisville, 
and  about  90  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Bay  City.  It  has  a  church, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  319. 

Alconchcl,  il-kon-chfil',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estrema- 
dura, 25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  2651. 

Alconera,  M-ko-nk'ti,,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estrema- 
dura, 23  miles  S.  of  Almendralejo.     Pop.  936. 

Alco'ny,  a  post-hamlet  of  Miami  co.,  0.,  8  miles  S.E. 
of  Troy.     It  has  a  church  and  a  plough-factory. 

Alcora,  il-ko'r&,  a  town  of  Spain,  45  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Valencia.     Pop.  4499.     It  exports  fruit. 

Al'corn,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Mississippi,  has 
an  area  of  about  460  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Hatchie  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  level ;  the 
soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  cotton,  live  stock,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Mobile  &  Ohio 
and  the  Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroads,  which  converge 
at  Corinth,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,431;  in  1880, 
14,272;  in  1890,  13,115. 

Alcorn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Ky.,  about  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Richmond. 

Alcoutim,  or  Alcotim,  ai-ko-teeu"',  a  town  of  Por- 
tugal, province  of  Algarve,  on  the  Guadiana,  opposite  San 
Lucar,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Tavira.     Pop.  2429. 

Alco'va,  a  small  manufacturing  village  of  Newton  co., 
Ga.,  on  Alcova  River,  12  miles  from  Covington.  It  has  a 
cotton-factory  and  a  flour-mill.  It  is  half  a  mile  from 
Newton  Factory  Post-Office. 

Alcover,  il-ko-vaia',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Tarragona.     Pop.  3006. 


Alcovy,a8maIl  river  of  Georgia.  See  Ulcofavhatchei. 

Alcoy,  &l-ko'e,  a  town  of  Spain,  24  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Alicante.  Pop.  25,196.  It  has  numerous  paper-  and  woollen* 
factories,  and  considorablo  commercial  activity, 

Alcoy,  a  small  river  of  Spain,  in  Valencia,  flowing  N.B< 
about  45  miles  into  the  Mediterranean. 

Alcudia,  &l-koo'iie-&,  a  town  of  Spain,  island  of  Majorca, 
at  its  N.  extremity,  31  miles  N.E.  of  Palma.     Pop.  1000, 

Alcudia  dc  Carlet,  &l-koo'i)c-&  dA  kan-l^i',  a  town 
of  Spain,  22  miles  S.8.W.  of  Valencia,  Pop.  2209.  Alcudia 
is  the  name  of  several  other  Spanish  towns. 

Alcuescar,  &l-kwis'kaR,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estrcma* 
dura,  28  miles  S.  of  Caceres.  Pop.  2422.  This  was  tho 
rendezvous  of  tho  allied  troops  in  1812. 

Al'da,  a  post-village  of  Hall  co..  Neb.,  near  tho  Platt« 
River,  and  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  162  miles  W.  of 
Omaha.  It  has  2  churches,  a  college  or  Bcminar}-^  a  broom* 
factory,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Aldabra,  iUdA'brA,  a  group  of  little  islands  in  tb« 
Indian  Ocean ;  lat.  9°  20'  S.,  Ion.  46°  35'  E. 

Ai-Dahna,  &I-dAii'n&,  a  wide  sandy  plain  occupying  all 
tho  northeastern  part  of  Arabia,  bordering  on  the  Turkish 
pashalic  of  Bagdad,  and  extending  S.  to  about  Int.  27°  N. 

Aldan,  &l-d&u',  a  river  of  Siberia,  rises  in  the  Aldan 
Mountains,  and  joins  the  Lena  in  lat.  63°  12'  N.,  Ion.  129°  40' 
E.     Length,  about  300  miles. 

Aldan  (il-ddn')  Mountains,  a  chain  of  mountains  in 
E.  Siberia,  branching  ofi"  northwestward  from  the  Stanovoi 
Mountains,  from  lat.  61°  20'  to  07°  30'  N.  Total  length, 
above  900  miles.  Mount  Kapitan,  the  most  celubnited 
summit,  is  4263  feet  high.  According  to  some  geograi)hcrs, 
tho  Aldan  Mountains  comprise  the  whole  mountain-system 
in  the  N.E.  part  of  Asia,  including  tho  Kamchatka  chain. 

Aldaya,  il-di'i,  a  town  of  Spain,  7  miles  W.  of  Valen- 
cia.    Pop.  2060. 

Aldborough,  or  Aldeburgh,  &ld'bur-uh,  a  town  of 
Sufl'olk,  England,  between  tho  sea  and  the  estuary  of  the 
Aide,  9i  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Dunwich.  It  is  a  watering-place. 
Crabbe,  the  poet,  was  born  here  in  1754.    Pop.  (1891)  2159. 

Aldborough,  a  town  and  parish  of  England,  co.  of 
York,  on  the  Ure,  16  miles  W.N.W.  of  York.  It  is  supposed 
to  replace  the  ancient  hurium  Drigantium.     Pop.  502. 

Ald'borough,  New  Glasgow,  or  Airey,  a  post- 
village  in  Elgin  co.,  Ontario,  Canada,  on  Lake  Erie,  14 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Newbury.     Pop.  150. 

Aldbrough,  &ld'bruh  (?),  a  parish  and  village  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  York,  East  Riding.     Pop.  911. 

Aide,  ild,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Suffolk,  rises  near 
Franilingliam,  and  joins  the  North  Sea  at  Orford. 

Aldca  Davila  de  Duero, il-d4'i  di've-li  dd  doo-i'ro, 
a  town  of  Spain,  43  miles  W.  of  Salamanca,  on  the  left  bank 
of  tho  Duero.     Pop.  1937. 

-4.1dea  del  Cano,  il-dd'A  dfil  ki'no,  a  town  of  Spain, 
15  miles  S.  of  Caceres.     Pop.  1408. 

Aldea  del  Key,  il-di'd  dfil  rd  (or  ri'c),  a  town  of  Spain, 
New  Castile,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ciudad  Real.     Pop.  2406. 

Aldea  Galega,  il-di'A  gi-14'gi,  a  town  of  Portugal, 
on  the  Tagus,  10  miles  E.  of  Lisbon.     Pop.  1575. 

Aldea  Velha,  41-di'S,  vfil'yi,  a  seaport  town  of  Brazil, 
on  the  bay  and  8  miles  S.E.  of  Espirito  Santo. 

Aldeas  Altas,  a  town  of  Brazil.    See  Caxias. 

Aldein,  dl'din^  a  village  of  Austria,  in  the  Tyrol,  9 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Neumarkt.     Pop.  1205. 

Alden,  Al'd^n,  a  post-village  in  Alden  township,  Mc- 
Henry  co.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad 
(Kenosha  Branch),  34  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rockford.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  of  township  (1890)  1014. 

Aiden,  a  post-village  in  Alden  township,  Hardin  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Iowa  River,  43  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Fort  Dodge. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  oflSoe,  and  a  graded 
school.     Pop.  (1890)  of  village,  512;  of  township,  1278. 

Alden,  a  post- hamlet  of  Rice  co.,  Kansas,  24  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Hutchinson.  It  has  4  church  organizations 
and  a  high  school.     Pop.  about  200. 

Alden,  a  post-village  in  Alden  township,  Freeborn  co., 
Minn.,  10  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Albert  Lea.  Pop.  of  town- 
ship, about  400. 

Alden,  a  post-village  in  Alden  township,  Erie  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Erie  Railroad,  20  miles  E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  2  or  3 
churches,  the  Cottage  Seminary,  a  tannery,  planing-mill, 
Ac.     Pop.  about  450 ;  of  township,  2547. 

Alden,  a  post-hamlet  of  King  George  co.,  Va.,  7  milea 
E.  of  King  George  Court-House. 

Alden,  a  station  in  Kanawha  co.,  W.Va.,  on  the  Chesa- 
peake &  Ohio  Railroad,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Charleston. 

Alden,  a  post-hamlet  in  Alden  township,  Polk  co.,  Wis., 
40  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Paul,  Minn.    Pop.  of  township,  937. 


ALD 


457 


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Aldcn  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Alden  township,  near  the  Erie  Railroad,  20  miles  E.  of  Buf- 
falo.    It  has  a  church,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Aldenhoven,  il'd^n-ho'v^n,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
Bia,  3i  miles  S.W.  of  Julich.     Pop.  2898. 

Aldeno,  ai-di'no,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  the  Tyrol, 
circle  of  Trent.     Pop.,  with  district,  1628. 

Alden  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  6 
miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Wilkcs-Barre. 

Al'denville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Clinton  township,  Wayne 
CO.  Pa.,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Ilouesdale.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
tannery,  a  grist-mill,  Ac. 

AI'der  Branch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anderson  co.,  Tex., 
10  miles  from  Elkhart  Railroad  Station. 

Alder  Wrook,  a  post-village  in  Bethlehem  township, 
Grafton  co.,  N.II.,  at  Libbey's  Railroad  Station,  4  miles 
N.  of  Littleton.    It  has  extensive  manufactures  of  lumber. 

Alder  Brook,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  N.Y., 
about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Malone. 

Alderbrook,  a  hamlet  in  Eaton  township,  Madison  co., 
N.Y.,  i  mile  E.  of  AVest  Eaton.     It  has  a  woollen-mill. 

Alder  Creek,  a  station  in  Siicramento  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Sacramento  Valley  Railroad,  19  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sacramento. 

Alder  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Boonville  township, 
Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Utica  &  Black  River  Railroad,  28 
miles  N.  of  Utica.     It  has  2  churches,  a  hotel,  tannery,  &c. 

Alder  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burt  co.,  Neb.,  8  miles 
from  Herman. 

Alderley,  il'd^r-lo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dodge  co..  Wis., 
on  Ashippun  Creek,  about  32  miles  W.N.W.  of  Milwaukee. 

Alderney,  il'der-nd,  or  Aurlgny,  o-reen-ye'  (anc. 
Riduna),  an  island  in  the  English  Channel,  off  the  coast  of 
Normandy,  belonging  to  Great  Britain,  10  miles  W.  of  Cape 
la  Hague.  Circumference,  about  8  miles.  Pop.  2738.  It 
is  well  cultivated,  and  noted  for  its  breed  of  cows.  In  its 
centre  is  a  town  of  the  same  name.  French  is  the  language 
spoken,  and  the  island  has  a  little  legislature  of  its  own. 

Alderney,  Race  of,  a  strait  between  the  above  island 
and  Cape  la  Hague,  dangerous  from  the  strength  and  rapid- 
ity of  its  tides.     See  Caskets. 

Aldershot,  S,l'd§r-sh6t,  a  town  of  England,  in  Hants, 
on  branches  of  the  Southeastern  and  Southwestern  Rail- 
ways, 3  miles  N.E.  of  Farnham.  Here  is  a  great  perma- 
nent camp,  with  barracks.  Pop.  of  parish,  13,214,  exclusive 
of  the  military. 

Aldershot,  a  post-village  in  Wentworth  co.,  Ontario, 
Canada,  i  mile  from  Waterdown.     Pop.  150. 

Alderson,  awl'd?r-son,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co., 
W.  Va.,  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  118  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Charleston.  It  has  5  churches,  and  flour-  and 
saw-mills.     Pop.  about  1200. 

Alderville,il'd§r-vil,  an  Indian  post-village  in  North- 
umberland CO.,  Ontario,  19  miles  N.  of  Cobourg.     Pop.  200. 

Aldic,  il-dee',  a  post-village  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va.,  12 
miles  from  Lecsburg,  and  about  37  miles  AV.  by  N.  of  the 
city  of  Washington.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Aldingcn  am  Neckar,  il'ding'^n  im  nSk'ir,  a  vil- 
lage of  WUrtcmberg,  Germany,  on  the  Neckar,  3  miles  S.E. 
of  Ludwigsburg.     Pop.  1023,. 

Aldingen  in  der  Baar  (In  dSr  bslR),  a  village  of 
Wiirtemberg,  Germany,  in  the  Black  Forest,  3  miles  N.W. 
of  Spaichingen.     Pop.  1517. 

AI'drich,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVadena  co.,  Minn.,  11  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Brainerd. 

Aldrich,  a  post- village  of  Polk  co..  Mo.,  18  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Ash  Grove.    It  has  2  churche?.     Pop.  about  200. 

Aldstone,  ild'stgn  or  ^I'stgn,  or  Alston-Moor,  a 
market  town  of  England,  co.  of  Cumberland,  19  miles  by 
rail  E.S.E.  of  Carlisle.     Pop.  4621. 

Aledo,  i-li'DO,  a  town  of  Spain,  17  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Mureia,  with  ancient  Roman  walls.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Aledo,  ale'do,  a  post-village,  the  capital  of  Mercer  co., 
111.,  14  miles  E.  of  the  Mississippi  River,  and  37  miles  by 
rail  AV.  of  Galva.  Three  newspapers  are  issued  here.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  2  banks,  7  churches,  an  academy, 
graded  public  schools,  a  flour-mill,  2  brick-yards,  and  a 
plough-factory.  Coal  abounds  here.  Pop.  about  2000. 
Aiegranza,  one  of  the  Canaries.  See  Allegranza. 
Alegrete,  i-ld-gri't4,  a  fortified  town  of  Portugal,  in 
Alcmtcjo,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Portalegre.     Pop.  1407. 

Alegrette,  i-li-gr6t'ti,  a  town  of  Brazil,  280  miles  AV. 

of  Alcgre,  in  the  province  of  Rio  Grande  do  Sul.    Pop.  1412. 

Alegria,  3,-li-gree'i,  a  village  of  Spain,  province  of 

Guipuzcoa,  on  the  Oria,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Tolosa.     Pop.  1129. 

Alei,  h-\k',  a  river  of  Siberia,  an  affluent  of  the  Obi,  in 

the  government  of  Tomsk. 

Aleiskoi-Loktevskoi,  i-li'6-skoy^  lok-t8v'skoy\  a 

30 


town  of  Asiatic  Russia,  government  of  Tomsk,  137  milca 
S.W.  of  Bijsk,  and  near  rich  copper-mines. 

Al  ekuagak,  i-l^k-niV-gik',  a  large  lake  of  Alaska,  whose 
outlet,  the  Alcknagak  River,  a  copious  stream,  falls  into  the 
river  Nushagak  near  its  mouth. 

Aleksandria,  i-lSk-s^n'dre-H,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  the 
Caucasus,  10  miles  S.  of  Georgievsk. 

Aleksandrov,  or  AlexandroT,  &-15k-8Jn-drov',  a 
town  and  fortress  of  Russia,  in  the  Caucasus,  43  miles  N.W. 
of  Georgievsk. 

Aleksandrov,  European  Russia.     See  Alexandrot. 

Aleksandrovka,  or  Alexandrovka,  ^-Idk-sJln- 
drov'ki,  the  name  of  a  great  number  of  small  towns  in 
Russia,  there  being  four  in  the  government  of  Kherson. 

Aleksandrovsk,  Russia.     See  Alexandrovsk. 

Aleksiepskoe,  i-]fik-8e-5p'sko-i\  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  110  miles  N.E.  of  Saratov. 

Aleksin,  or  Alexine,  i-15x-een',  written  also  Ale- 
seina,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Toola,  on  the 
Oka,  100  miles  S.  of  Moscow.  Two  great  fairs  are  held 
here  annually.     Pop.  3449, 

Alella,  i-lSl'yS,,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  6  miles 
from  Barcelona,  and  near  the  sea.     Pop.  1794. 

Aleman,  3.-14-min',  a  railroad  station  in  New  Mexico, 
on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fg  line,  about  150  miles 
S.  of  Albuquerque,  and  28  miles  N.  of  Rincon. 

Alemania,  the  Spanish  name  of  Germany. 

Alcmania,or  Allemania,  al-e-m'm'ya,  a  hamlet  of 
Ascension  parish.  La.,  8  miles  from  Donaldsonville. 

Alem'bic,  a  post-village  of  Isabella  co.,  Mich.,  14 
miles  N.  of  St.  Louis.     Near  here  are  3  churches. 

Ale'Vnouth,  Ail'mouth,  or  AInemouth,  a  seaport 
town  of  England,  co.  of  Northumberland,  where  the  Alne 
enters  the  North  Sea,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Alnwick.     Pop.  490. 

Alemquer,  or  Alenquer,  i-15x»-kaiR',  a  towh  of  Por- 
tugal, in  Estremadura,  on  the  river  of  the  same  name,  25 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Lisbon.     Pop.  4368. 

Alemquer,  or  Alenquer,  4-l5No-kaiR',  a  town  of 
Brazil,  60  miles  AV.S.AV.  of  Montalegre.     Pop.  2700. 

Alemtejo,  or  Alentejo,  i-l^No-ti'zho  (?.c.,  "beyond 
the  Tagus,"  the  speaker  being  supposed  to  stand  in  Lisbon), 
a  province  of  Portugal,  between  tat.  37°  20'  and  39°  40'  N.  ; 
divided  into  the  districts  of  Beja,  Evora,  and  Portalegre. 
Area,  9416  square  miles.  Pop.  (1881)  367,169.  Chief 
rivers,  the  Tagus  (Tejo)  in  the  N.,  Guadiana  in  the  E., 
and  Saldao  in  the  S.  Principal  towns,  Evora,  Beja,  A''illa- 
Viposa,  Portalegre,  Elvas,  and  Estremoz. 

Alencon,  i-lSn'spn  (Fr.  pron.  i'16N<>*86N»'),  a  city  of 
France,  capital  of  the  department  of  Orne,  on  the  Sartho. 
and  on  the  Caen-Mans  Railway,  118  miles  AV.S.AV.  of  Paris, 
Pop.  16,040.  It  is  well  built,  with  promenades  on  the  site 
of  its  ancient  walls,  a  court-house,  library,  and  normal 
schools.  The  industry  of  this  town  consists  of  granite-quar- 
rying, tanneries,  cider  distilleries,  bleaching,  spinning,  and 
printing.  The  manufacture  of  the  lace  called  point  d'AIcn- 
5on  still  exists.  The  crystals  called  Alcnfon  diamonds  are 
found  in  its  vicinity. 

Alenquer,  a  town  of  Brazil.    See  Alemquer. 

Alentejo,  a  province  of  Portugal.    See  Alemtejo. 

Alepe,  a  town  of  India.     See  Alipee. 

Alep'po,  called  by  the  natives  (Arabs)  Haleb,  or 
Haleb  es  Shabba,  hi'Idb  5s  shib'bA  (anc.  Chn'lylion 
and  Beroe'a),  a  city  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  capital  of  a  vilayet 
in  the  N.  of  Syria,  long  one  of  the  principal  emporiums  of 
the  Ottoman  Empire,  on  the  Kowek  (anc.  Cha'lus),  70  miles 
E.  of  the  Mediterranean.  Lat.  30°  11'  N.:  Ion.  37°  10'  E 
Pop.  estimated  at  110,000;  but  previous  to  the  earthquake 
of  1822  it  is  said  to  have  been  upwards  of  200,000.  The 
city  rose  to  importance  on  the  destruction  of  Palmyra,  .nnd 
became  the  great  emporium  of  trade  between  Europe  and 
the  East.  It  is  encircled  by  walls,  outside  of  which  are 
large  suburbs,  the  whole  being  about  7  miles  in  circumfer- 
ence. Its  appearance,  on  approaching  it,  is  striking  and 
picturesque.  Numerous  mosques,  cupolas,  and  minarets 
crowd  on  the  eye;  the  flat  roofs  of  the  houses  on  the  hills 
rise,  one  behind  another,  in  a  succession  of  terraces.  But 
on  entering  the  gates  much  of  this  pleasing  illusion  is  dis- 
pelled. The  streets  are  gloomy  and  silent,  the  shops  mean- 
looking,  and  the  baths  and  fountains  heavy,  unadorned 
structures.  The  houses,  however,  are  substantially  built  of 
stone,  two  or  three  stories  in  height,  mostly  in  the  Sara- 
cenic style,  with  spacious  apartments,  large  windows,  and 
richly  ornamented  walls  and  ceilings.  An  abundant  sup- 
ply of  water  is  furnished  from  springs  about  8  miles  distant, 
by  an  ancient  aqueduct.  The  celebrated  gardens,  12  miles 
in  length,  are  situated  to  the  S.E.  of  the  city.  Aleppo  has 
a  castle,  a  Mohammedan  college  with   numerous  pupil% 


ALE 


458 


ALE 


BMiiy  Christian  ohurabM,  Mveral  largo  inns,  and  ext«n8ive 
war«hou»e8  and  basaart.  It  bos  four  Ciitbolic  archbishops, 
of  different  rites,  and  is  the  seat  of  Qrouii  and  Arineninn 
prebktes.  Silks,  oottons,  and  gold  and  silver  thrend  stuffs 
are  prepared ;  and  here  are  also  extensive  soap-factorios, 
d/e-works,  and  rope-walks,  the  last  in  some  vast  caverns 
outside  the  city.  It  is  connected  by  the  Indo- European 
telegraph  line  with  Damnsous  and  Diarl>ekir.  Large  cnra- 
Tans  arrive  from  Bagdad.  Diarbekir,  Mosul,  Koordistan, 
and  Armenia.    A  United  States  consular  agent  and  consuls 

of  most  European  nations  reside  at  Aleppo. Adj.  and 

Inhab.  Ai.EPri.NE:,  &-lep-pcen';  native,  Ualrbbb,  b&'leb-ce. 

Aleppo,  a  vilayet  or  province  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  forms 
the  X.  extremity  of  Syria,  and  extends  from  the  Meditoi- 
ranean  to  the  Euphrates.  Area,  40,750  square  miles.  It 
is  of  diversified  surfooo,  with  much  good  soil.  Chief  products, 
tobooco,  grain,  wool,  oil-seeds,  cotton,  silk,  galls,  gums,  wax, 
mobiiir,  skins,  soap,  &o.    Capital,  Aleppo.     Pop.  5:i5,714. 

AMep'po,  a  post-township  in  the  W.  part  or  Greene  co.. 
Pa.,  8  miles  from  Cameron,  W.  Va.  It  has  4  churches.  Pop. 
1 382.  Coal  and  excoUont  limestone,  and  handsome  sandstone 
for  builders'  use,  abound. 

Aleria,  i-l&-ree'&,  a  decayed  town  of  Corsica.  It  de- 
rives its  name  from  the  Roman  colony  of  Aleria.    Pop.  950. 

AMert',  a  post-hamlct  in  Jackson  township,  Decatur  co., 
Ind.,  15  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Columbus.     It  has  a  church. 

Alert,  a  post-oflfice  of  Kiley  co.,  Kansas,  14  miles  from 
Clay  Centre. 

Alert,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  0.,  about  24  miles  N.W. 
of  Cincinnati. 

Ales,  i'lds,  an  episcopal  town  in  the  island  of  Sardinia, 
30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cagliari.  It  has  a  small  but  elegant 
cathedral,  and  mineral  springs.     Pop.  1208. 

Aleshki,  i,-ldsh'koe,  a  town  of  llussia,  government  of 
Taurida,  on  the  left  bank  of  an  estuary  of  the  Dnieper, 
opposite  Kherson.     Pop.  8484. 

Alcsia.     See  Alais  and  Alise-Sainte-Reine. 

Alessandria,  il-fis-sin'dre-&  (called  "Delia  Paglia," 
ddriS.  pil'yi,  because  its  walls  were  formerly  built  of  mud 
and  straw),  is  now  a  strong  fortress  and  capital  of  the  same 
named  province  in  Italy,  56  miles  E.S.E.  of  Turin.  It  was 
built  in  1168,  in  defence  against  Emperor  Frederic  I.,  and 
named  in  honor  of  Pope  Alexander  III.  It  has  a  cathe- 
dral, a  college,  and  a  large  number  of  other  public  build- 
ings. Pop.  about  59,000.  It  has  fabrics  of  silk,  linen,  and 
woollen  goods,  stockings,  and  hats,  with  a  large  trade,  and 
two  great  annual  fairs.  Two  miles  S.E.  of  Alessandria,  in 
an  extensive  plain,  is  the  village  of  Marengo,  celebrated  for 
the  great  victory  gained  here  by  Napoleon  over  the  Aus- 
trians,  14th  of  June,  1800. 

Alessandria,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  is  en- 
closed by  the  provinces  of  Novara,  Pavia,  Genoa,  Coni,  and 
Turin.  Area,  1952  square  miles.  Capital,  Alessandria.  Pop. 
683,361. 

Alessandria  del  Carretio,  &l-Ss-sin'drc-i  ddl  kar- 
ri'te-o,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Hither  Calabria,  17  miles  N.E. 
of  Castrovillari.     Pop.  1680. 

Alessandria  della  Rocca,  &l-£s-s&n'dre-3,  dSl'lJl 
r&k'kjl,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  of  Girgenti,  3  miles  S.  of 
Bivona.     Pop.  5361, 

Alessano,  i-lfis-sl'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  19  miles  S.W. 
of  Otranto.     Pop.  2872. 

Alcssio,  i-lCs'se-o,  called  also  Alise,  i-lS'si,  Lesch, 
Wsh,  Eshenderasi,  fish-dn-dSr-i'se,  and  Mrtav,  m'r-tiv' 
(anc.  Lia'gug),  a  town  and  Catholic  bishop's  see  of  Turkey, 
in  Albania,  on  the  left  bank  and  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Drin,  17  miles  S.E,  of  Scutari.     Pop.  3000. 

Alet,  or  Aleth,  S.M6t',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Aude,  on  the  Aude,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Limoujt.     Pop.  1266. 

Aletium,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Lecce. 

Aleutian,  or  Aliutian,  a-lu'she-an.  Islands,  or 
Catherina  Archipelago,  a  long  chain  of  islands  be- 
longing to  the  United  States,  in  Alaska  Territory,  extending 
from  the  peninsula  of  Aliaska  westward  towards  Kamchatka, 
and  dividing  the  Sea  of  Kamchatka,  or  Behring's  Sea,  from 
the  Pacific  Ocean.  They  lie  in  both  hemispheres,  and  extend 
from  Ion.  163°  to  188°  W,,  the  westernmost  of  the  United 
States  islands  being  Attoo ;  for  the  Commander  group,  to 
the  westward,  is  Russian,  and  is  not  generally  regarded  as 
a  part  of  this  chain.  The  Aleutians  proper  are  about  150 
in  number,  and  are  divided  into  the  Nearer,  Rat,  Andreanov, 
Fox,  and  other  groups :  they  are  generally  mountainous,  and 
often  volcanic.  The  largest  is  Oonalaska.  The  people  are 
an  inoffensive  race,  apparently  allied  in  stock  to  the  Esqui- 
maux, and  are  members  of  the  Greek  Church.     Pop.  2000. 

APexan'der,  a  county  forming  the  S.  extremity  of 
Illinois,  has  an  area  of  about  240   square  miles.     It  is 


bounded  on  the  S.  and  S.W.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  nnd 
is  situated  at  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio.  The  surface  is  level 
and  partly  subject  to  inundation  ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Indian 
eorn,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  in  trav- 
ersed by  the  Ciiiro  &  St.  Louis  division  of  the  Mobile  A, 
Ohio  Railroad,  which  meets  several  other  railnmds  at  Cairo 
the  capiul.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,564:  in  1880,  14,808;  in  18»o' 
16,563.  ' 

Alexander,  a  county  of  North  Carolina,  has  an  area 
estimated  at  300  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  South 
Yadkin  River.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  the  soil  in  some  parts 
is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  tobacco,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Capital,  Taylorsville.  Pop.  in  1880,  8355  • 
in  1890,  9430. 

Alexander,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Pulaski  co., 
Ark.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Rail- 
road,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Little  Rock, 

Alexander,  a  post-village  of  Burke  co.,  Ga.,  abont  38 
miles  S,  of  Augusta.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  and  Z 
stores.     Pop.  227. 

Alexander,  a  post-village  of  Morgan  co..  III.,  en  the 
Toledo,  Wabash  &  Western  Railroad,  11  miles  E.  of  Jack- 
sonville.    It  has  a  church. 

Alexander,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rush  co.,  Kansas,  48 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Great  Bend.     Pop.  about  60. 

Alexander,  a  post-township  of  Washington  co.,  Me,, 
about  14  miles  S.W.  of  Calais.    It  has  a  church.    Pop.  456. 

Alexander,  a  post-office  at  Ben  Lomond  Landing,  Is- 
saquena CO.,  Miss.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  70  miles  above 
Vicksburg. 

Al  exander,  a  post-village  in  Alexander  township,  Gen- 
esee CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Tonawanda  Creek,  and  on  the  Attiea 
Branch  of  the  New  York  Central  Railroad  and  the  Batavia 
Branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  34  miles  E.  of  Buffalo,  and  8 
miles  S.  of  Batavia,  It  contains  3  churches,  and  the  Gene- 
see and  Wyoming  Seminary.     Pop.  of  the  township,  16(15. 

Alexander,  a  township  of  Athens  co,,  0,     Pop.  1511. 

Alexander,  a  post-town  of  Erath  co.,  Tex.,  about  98 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Waco.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  (1890)  381. 

Alexander  City,  a  post-town  of  Tallapoosa  co.,  Ala,, 
47  miles  by  rail  N.W,  of  Opelika,  It  has  5  churches  (3 
white  and  2  colored),  a  bank,  a  high  school  (non-sectarian), 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop,  (1890)  679. 

Alexan'der  Island,  a  small  island  in  the  Atlantio 
Ocean,  about  lat.  69°  30'  S.,  Ion.  75°  0'  W. 

Alexander  Islands,  in  Alaska,  extend  along  the 
coast  from  Dixon's  Entrance  (54°  40'  N.)  to  Cross  Sound 
(68°  25').  The  islands  number  more  than  111)0,  Prince 
of  Wales  Island  is  the  largest,  and  Baranoff,  or  Sitka,  the 
most  important.  The  inhabitants  are  mostly  Indians  of 
the  Tlinket  race,  and  are  of  various  tribes. 

Alexander  Lake,  in  Morrison  co.,  Minn.,  lies  a  ttm 
miles  S.  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railro.ad. 

Alexandersbad,  i-lfix-.'Vn'd^rs-biVt',  mineral  springs 
in  Bavaria  (Upper  Franconia),  17  miles  N.E,  of  Baireuth. 

Alexander's  Point,  a  post-village  in  Gloucester  co., 
New  Brunswick,  on  Shippegan  Island,  at  the  entrance  to 
the  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  73  miles  V-N.W.  of  Chatham.  Pop,  200. 

Alexan'dersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co., 
0.,  is  on  the  Miami  River  and  Canal,  and  on  a  railroad,  6 
miles  S.  of  Dayton. 

Alexandretta.    See  Lskandekoox. 

Alexandria,  al-ex-an'dre-a  (anc.  Alexnvdri'a ;  Gt, 
AKefavSpeia ;  Arab,  and  Turk,  hkanderee'yeh  ;  named  from 
its  founder,  Alexander  the  Great),  a  celebrated  city  nnd 
seaport  of  Egypt,  near  the  westernmost  branch  of  tiie  Nile, 
on  the  Mediterranean,  112  miles  N.W.  of  Cairo,  with  which 
it  communicates  by  the  Mahmoodecych  Canal,  bj'  the  Niks, 
and  by  railway.  Another  railway  connects  it  with  Uosetta. 
Lat,  of  Pharos,  31°  12'  9"  N. ;  Ion.  29°  53'  E.  The  inodcm 
city  is  built  on  a  peninsula  (anciently  the  island  of  Pharos), 
and  on  the  isthmus  connecting  it  with  the  continent;  the 
ancient  city  was  on  the  mainland,  where  its  ruins  cover  A 
vast  extent,  Alexandria  has  a  palace  of  the  khcdive,  a 
large  naval  arsenal,  naval  and  military  hospitals,  a  custom- 
house, tribunal  of  commerce,  the  Italian  College,  and  free, 
mission,  normal,  and  other  schools.  In  the  new  streets  nnd 
squares  it  has  more  the  aspect  of  a  European  than  of  an 
African  or  Asiatic  city.  The  Turkish  quarter  is  irregular, 
but  the  Frank  quarter  has  many  good  streets  and  many 
splendid  buildings,  and  a  fine  square.  Country-houses  line 
a  part  of  the  ancient  canal  leading  to  the  W.  arm  of  the 
Nile,  which  was  restored  by  Mohammed  Ali.  The  city  has 
an  excellent  new  artificial  harbor,  formed  by  a  breakwater, 
mole,  and  quays.  Alexandria  is  the  great  emporium  of 
Egypt.     The  principal  exports  are  corn,  cotton,  wool,  gums 


ALE 


459 


ALE 


rice,  dates,  sugar,  cotton-seed,  wheat,  beans,  senna,  and 
liides.  The  principal  imports  are  woollen  and  silk  goods, 
hardware,  and  machinery,  with  timber,  coal,  petroleum, 
drugs,  and  colonial  products.  It  has  regular  steam  commu- 
nication with  all  the  great  Mediterranean  ports.  The  city 
is  supplied  with  water  from  the  Nile,  and  is  in  part  lighted 
with  gas.  It  is  the  seat  of  several  large  government  and 
other  manufactories  in  which  steam  is  the  motive  power. 
Alexandria  was  founded  in  the  year  332  n.c.  Under  the 
Ptolemies  it  rose  to  great  distinction  for  its  learning,  com- 
merce, wealth,  and  literature.  Even  after  its  subjection  to 
the  Roman  Empire,  it  was  considered  second  only  to  Rome. 
Its  library,  founded  by  Ptolemy  Philadelphus,  surpassed  all 
others  of  antiquity,  numbering  700,000  volumes,  a  portion 
of  which  was  accidentally  destroyed  by  fire  during  the  war 
with  Julius  Caesar,  and  the  remainder,  by  command  of  the 
Caliph  Omar,  in  the  year  640.  Prom  this  period  the  city  fell 
into  decay.  Its  population,  once  600,000  souls,  is  said  to 
have  numbered  in  the  eighteenth  century  only  6000 ;  but 
since  the  destruction  of  the  Mameluke  power  it  has  been 
g:iining  in  importance.  Pop.  in  1872,  212,034  (47,316  for- 
eigners) ;  in  1882,  227,064,  of  whom  48,672  were  foreigners. 
Pompey's  Pillar  and  the  catacombs  at  the  Necropolis  are 

the  most  interesting  remains  of  antiquity. Adj.  and 

inhab.  Alexandrian,  al-ex-an'dre-an;  Arab.  Skandera- 
NEE,  skAn-d§r-i'nee. 
Alexandria,  Piedmont.    See  Alessandria. 
Alcxan'di'ia,  a  village  of  Scotland,  county  of  Dum- 
barton, on  the  Leven,  3  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Dumbarton. 
Pop.  6063,  mostly  employed  in  cotton-printing. 

Alexandria,  a  village  of  Cape  Colony,  Africa,  cap- 
ital of  Alexandria  co.,  10  miles  from  the  sea,  and  about  500 
miles  E.  of  Cape  Town.     Pop.  200O. 
Alexandria,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Musjid. 
Alexan'dria,  a  county  in  the  ^.E.  part  of  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  35  square  miles.     It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  the  Potomac  River,  which  separates  it  from  the  city 
of  Washington.     It  is  traversed  by  the  Richmond  &  Dan- 
ville Railroad,  whose  branches  form  a  junction  with  other 
lines  at  Alexandria,  the  capital.    This  county  was  formerly 
,  ji  part  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  was  retroceded  to 
"the  state  of  Virginia  July  9,  1844.     Pop.  in  1880,  17,546; 
■^n  1890,  18,597. 

Alexandria,  a  post-village  of  Calhoun  co.,  Ala.,  10 
^piiles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Anniston,  and  about  34  miles 
T.E.  of  Talhidega.    It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  a  steam 
iw-raill,  and  a  cotton-gin. 

Alexandria,  a  post-village  in  Monroe  township,  Mad- 
}8on  CO.,  Ind.,  on  Pipe  Creek,  and  at  the  junction  of  two 
lilroads,  11  miles  N.  of  Anderson.  It  has  2  banks,  a  weekly 
Bwspaper,  2  churches,  normal  and  graded  schools,  and 
feinanufactures  of  glass  and  bricks.     Pop.  287. 

Alexandria,  or  Spring^dale',  a  hamlet  in  Alex- 
^  mdria  township,  Leavenworth  co.,  Kansas,  about  12  miles 
^W.S.AV.  of  Leavenworth.     It  has  a  Friends'  church.     Here 
[&18  Springdalc  Post-Officc.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1184. 
Alexandria,  a  post-village  of  Campbell  co.,  Ky.,  is  12 
miles  from  Newport,  and  13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cincinnati.     It 
has  5  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  600. 
Alexandria,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Rapides  parish, 
La.,  on  the  S.  or  right  bank  of  Red  River,  about  200  miles 
from  its  mouth,  and  170  miles  in  a  direct  line,  and  360 
miles  by  water,  N.W.  of  New  Orleans.     The  river  is  navi- 
gable by  steamboats  at  all  seasons,  both  above  and  below 
this  place.     Cotton,  rice,  fruits,  and  sugar  are  the  chief 
Articles  of  export.    Three  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.    This  was  the  seat  of  the  University  of  Louisiana,  the 
edilice  of  which  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  October,  1869. 
It  has  a  fine  court-house,  a  bank,  a  convent,  4  high  schools, 
7  churches,  a  tannery,  oil-mill,  <fec.     Pop.  in  1890,  2861. 

Alexandria,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Douglas  co.. 
Minn.,  is  45  miles  S.E.  of  Fergus  Falls,  and  about  140 
miles  W.N.W.  of  St.  Paul.  It  is  in  close  proximity  to 
several  little  lakes  of  pure  water,  and  is  situated  in  a 
fertile  country  which  is  like  a  natural  park.  It  has  11 
churches,  2  banks,  a  graded  school,  3  newspaper  offices,  2 
breweries,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  lumber,  furniture, 
machinery,  &c.     Pop.  in  1880,  1355;  in  1890,  2118. 

Alexandria,  a  township  of  Benton  co..  Mo.  Pop.  921. 
Alexandria,  a  post- village  of  Clarke  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Des  Moines,  op- 
posite Warsaw,  III.,  and  on  two  railroads,  5  miles  below 
Keokuk,  Iowa.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  4  churches,  a 
Baptist  college,  a  machine-shop,  flour-mills  and  granaries, 
and  an  extensive  pickle  establishment,  which  affords  em- 
ployment to  the  inhabitants.  Pop.  536. 
Alexandria,  a  post-visage  p|  Tljay^r  co.,  Neb.,  9  miles 


by  rail  E.of  Belvidere,  and  167  miles  W.N.W.  of  St.  Joseph. 
It  ha«  4  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Alexandria,  a  post-township  of  (Jrafton  co.,  N.II., 
4  miles  from  Bristol,  and  about  32  miles  N.N.W.  of  Concord. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  876. 

Alexandria,  a  township  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.  It 
includes  the  borough  of  Frenchtown  and  several  villages, 
and  is  on  the  Delaware  River,     Pop.  4253. 

Alexandria,  a  village  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  at  the  N. 
end  of  Lake  George,  and  on  or  near  a  branch  of  the  rail- 
road which  connects  Whitehall  with  Plattsburg,  88  milei" 
N.  of  Albany.     Pop.  6S0. 

Alexandria,  a  post-township  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  St.  Lawrence  River,  25  miles  N.  of  Watertown.  It  com- 
prises part  of  the  Thousand  Islands;  also  the  village  "f 
Alexandria  Bay.     Pop.  3476. 

Alexandria,  a  post-village  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  in  St. 
Alban's  township,  on  Raccoon  Creek  and  the  Ohio  Central 
Railroad,  about  24  miles  E.N.E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  S 
churches,  a  private  bank,  and  2  carriage-shops.    Pop.  303. 

Alexanaria,  a  post-borough  of  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa., 
on  a  branch  of  the  Juniata,  100  miles  W.N.W,  of  Ilarrisburg. 
It  is  3  miles  from  Petersburg  Station.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and  wagons. 
There  are  two  iron-forges  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  556. 

Alexandria,  a  city,  capital  of  Hanson  co.,  South 
Dakota,  14  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Mitchell.  It  has  6 
churches,  2  banks,  a  creamery,  a  flour-mill,  and  2  news- 
paper offices.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Alexandria,  a  post-village  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Tenn.,  18 
miles  S.E.  of  Lebanon,  and  about  44  miles  E.  of  Nashville. 
It  has  6  churches,  a  bank,  and  manufactures  of  furniture 
and  wagons.     Pop.  about  700. 

Alexandria,  a  city,  port  of  entry,  and  capital  of  Alex- 
andria CO.,  Va.,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Potomac  River, 
7  miles  below  Washington.  The  river,  here  1  mile  wide, 
forms  a  commodious  harbor  sufficiently  deep  for  the  largest 
ships.  The  city  is  pleasantly  situated  on  undulating  ground, 
with  a  fine  view  of  the  Capitol  at  Washington.  It  is  a  ter- 
minus of  the  Washington  &  Ohio  and  of  the  Virginia  Mid- 
land Railroads,  under  the  Richmond  &  Danville  system, 
and  of  the  Alexandria  Branch  of  the  Biiltimore  <fe  Ohio 
Railroad.  It  contains  a  court-house,  16  churches,  3  bankf, 
2  Catholic  academies,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  a  public 
library.  It  has  manufactures  of  cotton,  flour,  and  furni- 
ture, several  machine-shops,  <fec.,  and  is  lighted  with  gas 
and  electricity.  Pop.  in  1860,  12,652;  in  1870,  13,570;  in 
1880,  13,659;  in  1890,  14,339. 

Alexandria,  a  post-village  in  Glengarry  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  Montreal  &  Ottawa  Junction  Railway,  21  miles  from 
Riviere  Raisin.  Itcontains2churches,  a  bank,  a  high  school, 
grist-mill,  saw-mills,  furniture-,  cheese-  and  box-factories, 
a  machine-shop,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  1614. 

Alexandria,  or  French  Village,  or  Cascnm- 
peque,  kSs-kiim-paik',  a  post-village  in  Prince  co.,  Prince 
Edward  Island,  on  a  railway,  and  on  the  Gulf  of  St.  Law- 
rence, 35  miles  from  Summerside.  It  is  one  of  the  principal 
depots  of  the  gulf  fisheries.     Pop.  150. 

Alexandria  Bay,  an  incorporated  village  and  summer 
resort  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  op- 
posite the  Thousand  Islands,  and  7  miles  N.W.  of  Redwood, 
It  has  2  churches  and  2  fine  hotels.  Steamboats  ply  between 
this  place  and  Clayton.     Pop.  in  1890,  1123. 

Alexandria  Junction,  a  station  in  Prince  George's 
CO.,  Md.,  at  the  junction  of  the  Alexandria  &  Washington 
branches  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  6  miles  N.E. 
of  Washington. 

Alexandriana,  al'ex-an-dre-an'a,  a  post-office  and 
station  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.C,  on  the  Atlantic,  Tennes- 
see &  Ohio  Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  Charlotte. 

Alexandria  Road,  a  station  in  Jefferson  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  8  miles  W. 
of  Steubenville. 

Alexan'dria  Tro'as,  called  by  the  Turks  Eskee 
Stanibool  (i.e.,  "old  city"),  a  small  town  on  the  coast  of 
Asia  Minor,  4  miles  S.E.  of  the  island  of  Tenedos. 

Alcxandro'pol,  formerly  Goom'ree,  a  fortress  and 
town  of  Russian  Armenia,  government  of  Erivan,  on  the 
Arpa-Chai,  85  miles  S.W.  of  Tiflis.     Pop.  23,009. 

Alexandrov,  or  Aleksandrov,  i-lfix-in'drov',  a 
town  of  Russia,  government  and  65  miles  W.N.W.  of  Vla- 
dimeer,  on  a  railway,  and  on  an  affluent  of  the  Kliasma. 
It  has  an  imperial  stud,  and  a  convent.     Pop.  5810, 

Alexandrov,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  60  miles  W.  of 
Warsaw.     Pop,  2807. 

Alexandrov,  a  Russian  fortress.    See  Aleksandrov. 

Alcxandrovka,  towns  in  Russia.  See  ALEKSAKDROvKi. 


ALE 


460 


ALG 


AlexandroTskf  i-Kx-in-drorak',  a  fortified  town  of 
RuMiii,  on  tho  Dnieper,  below  its  cntnracts,  govomiuent 
and  about  60  miles  S.  of  Yekatorinoslav.  Pop.  4U00.  It 
ia  the  place  of  embarkation  for  products  exported  by  this 
river  to  tho  niaok  Son.  There  are  many  other  Russian 
towns  and  stations  of  tho  same  name. 

AlcxandrovHky,  &-ldx-An-drov'skoe,  or  Aleksan- 
drovskayn,  A-lAx-An-dn>v-sk&',y&,  a  manufacturing  (lc]>ot 
of  Kusi>ia,  government  and  5  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Petersburg, 
on  the  Nevi\,  with  cotton-,  flax-,  and  ynrn-fivotories,  sail- 
cloth, nmcbinery,  and  a  government  jwrcolain-factory. 

Aluxicvskaiav  &-ldx-o-dv-8k&'y4,  n  town  of  llussia, 
in  the  Dun  province,  216  miles  N.N.K.  of  Novo-Cherkask. 
Pon.  2()S>1. 

Alcxinatz,  A-Idx'e-n&ti,  a  town  of  Servia,  on  the  Mo- 
ra va,  102  miles  S.E.  of  Belgrade.     Pop.  3«64. 

AlexinCf  Russia.    See  Aleksin  and  Alkxopoi.. 
.  *Aiex'is«  a  post-village  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ala.,  near  the 
Coosa  River,  about  16  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Rome,  Ga.     It  has 
2  churches.     Pop.  about  400. 

Alexis,  formerly  Alexandria,  a  post-town  of  War- 
ren CO.,  III.,  in  Spring  Grove  township,  on  the  Chicago, 
Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  12  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Mon- 
mouth, and  about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Gnlesburg.  It  has  3 
churches,  a,  newspaperoffice,ap!ough-factory,  Ac.   Pop.  800. 

Alexis,  a  station  on  the  ^ew  Jersey  &  Now  York  Rail- 
road, in  Rumapo  township,  Rockland  co.,  N.Y.,  34  miles 
N.  of  Jersey  City. 

Alexis,  a  station  on  the  Detroit,  Monroe  &  Toledo  and 
Canada  Southern  Railroads,  10  miles  N.  at  Toledo. 

Alcxisbad,  i-lix'i8-b4t\  a  resort  for  mineral  waters,  in 
Anhalt,  2  miles  W.  of  Harzgerode. 

Alexopol,  i-Iix-o'pol,  or  Alexine,  i-ldx-een',  a  town 
of  Russia,  government  and  40  miles  S.  of  Poltava,  on  the 
Orel,  h.aving  a  large  annual  fair. 

Aleybeh,  i-lA'bijh,  a  village  of  Western  Africa,  near 
the  left  bank  of  tho  Senegal.  Lat.  16°  60'  N. ;  Ion.  14°  4' 
W.     It  is  a  large  and  populous  place. 

Alcyor,  a  town  of  Minorca.    See  Alayoii. 

Alf,  Alf,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  the  Rhine  Province,  4 
miles  N.W.  of  ZcU.     Pop.  1150. 

Alfacar,  dl-f4-kan',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Granada,  at 
tho  foot  of  a  mountain  of  the  same  name.     Pop.  1611. 

Alfufar,  ll-fA-fau',  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Valencia,  on 
a  railway,  .3  miles  S.  of  Valencia.     Pop.  1.500. 

Alfulu,  ol-foh'loo,  or  CJyorgyd-Alfalu,  dyoR'dyo-61- 
foh'loo,  a  town  of  Hungary,  in  Transylvania,  45  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Maros-Vdsiiirhely.     It  has  mineral  springs.     Pop.  5041. 

Allnndega  da  Fe,41-fAn-d.\'gi(l!l  f.\,  atown  of  Portu- 
gal, in  Tras-os-Montes,  near  the  Serra  de  Borncs.    Pop.  1047. 

Alfaqncs,  &l-fA'kds,  a  seaport  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia, 
province  of  Tarragona,  on  the  Bay  of  Alfaques  {i.e.,  "  the 
Day  of  the  sandbanks"),  in  the  Mediterranean,  14  miles  S.E. 
of  Tortosa.     It  has  extensive  salt-works. 

Alfaro,  il-fA'ro,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  on  the 
Ebro,  37  miles  S.E.  of  Logrono.     Pop.  5043. 

Alfayates,  ll-fi-i'tJs,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of 
Beira,  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Guarda.     Pop.  1012. 

Alfdorf,  Mrdfiiif,  a  village  of  Wilrtemberg,  Germany,  10 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Wclzheim.     Pop.  1600. 

Alfeld,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Ahlfeld. 
.   Alfianello,  41-fo-A-n6I'lo.  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
of  Brescia,  7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Verola  Nuova.     Pop.  2140. 

Alfiano-Natta,  il-fo-A'no  nit'tA,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Alessandria,  circle  of  Casale.     Pop.  1496. 

Alfidena,  4l-fe-dA.'nA  (anc.  Anjide'na),  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Aquila,  23  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Sulmona,  on  the 
Sangro.     Pop.  1711. 

Alfonsine,  4l-fin-see'nA,  a  town  of  Italy,  near  Ra- 
venna ;  the  birthplace  of  Vincenzo  Monti.     Pop.  6969. 

Alfonte,  irfont',  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  mil  road  from  Indianapolis  to  Anderson,  24  miles 
E.N.E.  of  the  former.     Pop.  76. 

Alfooras,  Al-foo'rAs,  Alfooroo,  41-foo'roo,  Hara- 
fora,  hA-r4-fo'r4,  or  Arafora,  4-r4-fo'r4,  a  name  of  prob- 
ible  Portuguese  origin,  meaning  "  foreigners,"  and  vaguely 
applied  to  the  rude  and  dark  or  black  races  of  men  inhab- 
iting the  remoter  parts  of  certain  of  the  Malay  islands. 
They  arc  not  true  Malays,  but  their  languages  appear  to 
have  some  elements  in  common  with  the  Malay.  From  them 
the  Arafoora  Sea  takes  its  name. 

Alford,  4rf9rd,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lincoln,  24 
miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Boston.     Pop.  2880. 

Al'ford,  a  post  township  and  hamlet  of  Berkshire  co., 
Mass.,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lenox,  and  about  2  miles  from  the 
New  York  state  line.     It  has  1  church.     Pop.  430. 

Alford,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Susquehanna  co., 


Pa.,  in  Brooklyn  township,  on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna 
A  Wentern  Railroad. 

Alford 'm  Mill,  a  post-oflice  of  Walton  oo.,  Fla. 

AITurdsville,  a  post-village  of  Daviess  oo.,  Ind.,  about 
33  miles  K.S.E.  of  Vinccnnes.     Pop.  128. 

Alfordsville,  a  post  hamlet  of  Robeson  co.,  N.C.,  in 
Alfordsville  townshij),  9  miles  from  Red  Bank  Railroiul 
Station.  It  has  2  stores  and  2  turpentine  distilleries.  Pop, 
of  the  township,  1041. 

Alforja,  4l-foR'ii4,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  15 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Tarragona.     Pon.  2000. 

Alfort,  4rfoR',  a  hamlet  of  France,  department  of 
Seine,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Paris.     Pop.  676, 

Alfred,  Arfr^d,  a  post-hamlet  of  Douglas  co.,  Kansaa, 
10  miles  W.  of  Baldwin  City. 

Alfred,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Y'ork  co..  Me.,  on  the 
Portland  A  Rochester  Railroad,  32  miles  S.W.  of  Portland, 
and  20  miles  N.E.  of  Rochester.  It  has  a  court-house,  4 
churches,  a  high  school,  and  4  saw-mills.  The  township 
includes  a  Shaker  village.     Pop.  of  Alfred  township,  1224. 

Alfred,  or  Uaker's  Bridge,  a post-hamlctand station 
in  Alfred  township,  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie  Rail- 
road, 67  miles  W.  of  Elmira.  (Post-office,  Alfred.)  The 
township  contains  a  village  named  Alfred  Centre,  and  has  4 
cheese-factories  and  2  churches.     Pop.  of  township,  1381. 

Alfred,  a  post-hamlct  of  Meigs  co.,  0.,  in  Orange  town- 
ship, about  30  miles  S.W.  of  Marietta. 

Alfred  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y., 
2  miles  from  the  Erie  Railroad,  and  about  10  miles  S.W.  of 
Ilornellsville.  This  village  contains  a  church  and  the  Al- 
fred University  (Seventh-Day  Baptist),  also  a  bank,  2  news- 
paper offices,  and  a  manufactory  of  sush  and  blinds. 

Alfreton,  iU'frc-t^n,  a  market-town  and  parish  of 
England,  county  and  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Derby.  It  ii 
supposed  to  derive  its  name  from  Alfred  the  Great.  Tho 
town  is  irregularly  built,  and  many  of  the  bouses  are  very 
old.     Pop.  of  town,  3680. 

Alfs'borg,  a  township  of  Sibley  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  334. 

Algaba,  41-g4'B4,  or  Algabe,  4l-g4'B4,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Andalusio,  3  miles  from  Seville.     Pop.  1813. 

Algajola,  4l-g4-yo'l3,,  a  small  fortified  town  and  sea- 
port of  Corsica,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Calvi.     Pop.  159. 

Algan'see,  a  post-township  of  Branch  co.,  Mich., 
about  40  miles  S.AV.  of  Jackson,  and  10  miles  S.E.  of  Cold- 
water.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  1492. 

Algarbia,  a  province  of  Portugal.     See  Algaiive. 

Algarinejo,  4l-g4-re-nA'no,  a  town  of  Spain,  48  mile* 
W.  of  Granad.a.     Pop.  2650,  mostly  agricultural. 

Algarrobo,  41-gau-no'bo,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Anda- 
lusia, 18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Malaga.     Pop.  4160. 

Algarve,  41-gaR'vA,  or  Algar'bia,  a  province  of  Por- 
tugal, formerly  a  kingdom  of  the  same  name,  conquered  by 
Allon2oIILinl251.  Area,  1872  sq.  m.  Pop.  204,037.  On 
its  N.  frontier  is  the  Serra  de  Monchique,  ramifications  of 
which  cover  most  of  its  surface.  In  the  S.  are  plains  yield- 
ing aloes,  dates,  and  other  tropical  products.  Some  wine  ia 
grown,  also  corn  and  forage.  Exports,  dried  fruits,  kernies, 
wine,  salt,  and  fish.     Chief  towns,  Tavira,  Faro,  and  Lngos. 

Algatocin,  Al-g4-to-theen',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andiv- 
lusia,  46  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Malaga.     Pop.  2225, 

Algau,  Allgau,  Al'gow,  or  Alg^u,  Al'goy,  a  term 
applied  somewhat  vaguely  to  a  part  of  Upper  Swnbia  (Ger- 
many), lying  near  the  lake  of  Constance,  in  AViirtcinbcrg 
and  Bavaria,  including  also  a  small  part  of  the  Vorarlberg, 
in  Austria.  Here  lie  the  Alganer-Alpen  (Alps  of  Algau),  a 
northern  prolongation  of  the  Rhsetian  Alps.  They  have  the 
river  Lecn  on  the  E.,  the  Rhine  on  the  W.,  and  decline 
northward  into  the  Suabian  plateau.  The  highest  peaks 
are  in  Austrian  territory. 

Algayda,  Al-ghi'dA,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Majorca,  6 
miles  S.E.  of  Palma.     Pop.  1910. 

Algeciras,  or  Algeziras,  al-jez-ee'ras  (Sp.  pron.  of 
both,  Al-iiA-thee'r4s),  a  seaport  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
province  of  Cadiz,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Bay  of  Gibraltar, 
opposite  to  and  6  miles  AV.  of  Gibraltar.  Lat.  36°  8'  N.; 
Ion.  5°  26'  6"  W.  Pop.  14,229.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  a 
well-frequented  harbor.  The  port  is  guarded  by  batteries, 
and  it  has  a  military  hospital.  The  town  is  supplied  with 
water  by  an  aqueduct.  Chief  trade,  export  of  charcoal, 
grain,  spirits,  stone,  aork,  and  leather.  It  was  the  scene  of 
a  sanguinary  naval  engagement  between  the  English  and 
French,  4th  July,  1801. 

Algemesi,  Al-nA-mA-see',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of 
Valencia,  near  the  Jucar,  21  miles  S.S.W.  of  Valencia. 
Chief  products,  rice  and  silk.  It  has  a  celebrated  annual 
fair  in  September.     Pop.  5600. 

Alger,  a  city  of  Africa.    See  Algiers. 


461 


ALG 


Algei)  iUzhair',  one  of  the  three  departments  into 
which  the  French  possession  of  Algeria  is  divided,  is 
bounded  N.  by  the  Mediterranean,  E.  by  the  department 
of  Constantine,  and  W.  by  the  department  of  Oran.  The 
oasis  of  Ouargia  in  the  desert  of  Sahara  marks  its  S.  limit. 
It  has  a  coast-line  on  the  Mediterranean  of  about  230  miles, 
with  but  few  good  harbors.  Capital,  Algiers.  Area,  65,929 
square  miles.     Pop.  in  1891,  1,468,127. 

Algeria,  3,1-jee're-a  (Fr.  Alyirie,  iPzhAVee'),  a  French 
colonial  possession  on  the  N.  coast  of  Africa,  having  the 
Mediterranean  on  the  N.,  Tunis  on  the  E.,  and  Morocco 
on  the  W.,  while  to  the  S.  it  extends  to  about  30°.  Esti- 
mated area,  184,520  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1891,4,124,732. 
The  coast-line  extends  about  665  miles,  from  Cape  Roux,  on 
the  E.  (Ion.  8°  36'  E.),  to  about  2°  16'  W.  The  coast  is 
'  deficient  in  good  natural  harbors.  Between  the  sea  and  the 
Little  Atlas  ranges  extend  some  large  plains,  such  as  the 
Bhelliff  and  the  Metidjah.  The  Little  Atlas  itself  is  a  con- 
fused and  irregular  succession  of  mountains  or  hills,  on  both 
sides  of  which  lies  the  Tell,  a  fertile  tract,  a  seat  of  the  Euro- 
pean agricultural  colonies.  The  name  Tell  often  designates 
the  whole  maritime  slope  of  the  country,  and  indeed  may 
oe  applied  to  any  arable  tract.  Next,  the  great  Plateau 
extends  from  E.  to  W.  across  the  country,  mountainous  in 
the  E.,  but  consisting  in  the  W.  of  great  saline  plains,  pro- 
ductive of  the  va!'..able  esparto  or  halfa  grass,  afibrding  salt 
and  parturage,  and  having  some  very  fertile  basins.  S.  of 
the  Plateau  range  the  Grand  Atlas,  the  Aures  group,  Ac, 
in  a  succession,  but  by  no  means  in  a  regular  chain.  In 
general,  these  slope  rapidly  southward  to  the  Sahara.  A 
remarkable  feature  of  the  desert,  shared  also  by  the  coast- 
plains  and  by  parts  of  the  great  Plateau,  is  the  presence  of 
Shott,  or  great  depressions,  sometimes  below  the  sea-level. 
These  commonly  afford  salt,  and  in  the  rainy  season  they 
sometimes  contain  shallow  lakes.  In  the  desert  there  are 
many  fertile  oases,  especially  near  the  mountains,  producing 
dates  and  other  fruit,  grain,  pasturage,  and  some  cotton. 
The  French  have  sunk  many  artesian  wells,  which  afford 
great  benefit  to  the  Sahara. 

The  rivers  are  small,  and  serviceable  chiefly  for  irriga- 
tion, those  of  the  S.  being  dry  in  summer;  and  none  of  the 
8aharian  streams  reach  the  sea.  Towards  the  coast  are 
many  lakes  and  marshes,  some  of  which  have  been  drained 
of  late,  to  the  great  improvement  of  the  public  health.  The 
climate  is  variable.  Winter  in  the  mountains  is  often  severe. 
The  simoom  prevails  at  times  in  the  summer,  which  is  in 
many  parts  excessively  hot. 

The  mineral  productions  include  iron  ore  of  excellent 
quality,  argentiferous  lead  ore,  copper,  antimony,  zinc,  and 
mercury,  white,  green,  red,  and  gray  marbles,  salt,  plastic 
clay,  building-stone,  and  chalk.  Considerable  capital  is 
invested  in  mining.  Thermal  and  mineral  springs  abound. 
Fish,  fine  sponges,  and  red  coral  are  extensively  procured 
on  the  coasts.  Among  the  wild  animals  are  the  lion,  leop- 
ard, hyena,  fox,  jackal,  apes,  the  gazelle,  the  ostrich,  the  wild 
sheep,  the  wild  ox,  and  numerous  small  mammals.  Venomous 
serpents  abound.  Many  sheep,  horses,  and  camels  are  bred, 
and  the  ostrich  is  reared  to  some  e.xtent  for  its  plumes. 
Haifa,  cork,  timber,  dates,  palmetto-fibre,  and  henna  are 
among  the  important  native  products.  Wheat,  barley, 
wool,  oil-seeds,  jujubes,  olives,  oil,  opium,  sugar,  cotton, 
flax,  oranges,  wine,  silk,  hides,  and  tobacco  are  produced, 
and  some  of  them  are  largely  exported. 

The  native  races  of  Algeria  include  the  Kabyles  or  Ber- 
bers, who  number  about  1,000,000,  speak  their  own  lan- 
guage, are  mostly  agriculturists  and  non-nomadic,  and 
are  regarded  as  descendants  of  the  ancient  Numidians; 
and  the  Arabs,  somewhat  more  numerous  than  the  Kabyles, 
and  speaking  the  Arabic  with  more  or  less  purity.  There 
are  also  considerable  numbera  of  Moors,  Jews,  and  negroes. 
All  the  natives,  except  the  Jews,  are  of  the  Moslem  faith. 
Algeria  is  divided  into  three  departments, — Alger,  Oran, 
and  Constantine, — formed  on  the  model  of  the  departments 
of  France  and  governed  by  a  civil  governor-general,  each 
department  being  divided  into  civil  districts  with  French 
justices,  and  military  territories  with  indigenous  Arab 
justices  appointed  by  the  French  military  government. 
The  original  European  colonists  were  mostly  French,  and 
in  1891,  of  the  total  population  (4,124,732),  there  were 
272,662  of  French  origin  or  naturalization,  3,667,223  in- 
digenous French  subjects,  47,667  naturalized  Jews,  14,500 
Spaniards,  besides  Tunisians,  Moroccans,  Italians,  Anglo- 
Maltese,  Germans,  Ac.  In  1890  there  were  1910  miles  of 
railway  and  some  7000  miles  of  telegraph-wires  in  operation. 
Notwithstanding  the  turbulent  character  of  the  native  peo- 
ples and  the  severe  nature  of  the  French  administration,  it 
may  be  doubted  whether  the  country  was  ever  before  so  pros- 


perous as  at  present,  except  while  under  the  Roman  authority. 
At  that  time  it  was  one  of  the  granaries  of  the  world. 

After  the  fall  of  Rome,  this  region  was  successively  sub- 
ject to  Vandal,  Byzantine,  Saracen,  Kabyle,  and  Moorish 
sway.  The  expulsion  of  the  Moors  from  Spain  was  the  cause 
of  the  great  extension  of  Algerine  piracy.  The  pirate  Bar- 
barossa  may  be  regarded  as  the  founder  of  the  Algerine  state. 
In  the  1 6th  century  Algiers  claimed  Turkish  protection,  and 
acknowledged  the  supremacy  of  the  Porte,  and  the  country 
was  thenceforth  regarded  as  a  Turkish  regency,  but  it  was 
at  times  actually  independent.  In  later  years  the  ruler 
received  the  title  of  l)ey.  Piracy  and  Christian  slavery 
were  important  sources  of  public  and  private  revenue,  and 
the  hoBie  government  was  a  cruel  despotism.  In  1815  the 
United  States  navy  chastised  the  Algerines  and  compelled 
them  to  declare  the  American  flag  inviolable.  In  1816  a 
fleet  of  Dutch  and  English  ships  bombarded  Algiers,  and 
put  an  end  to  Christian  slavery.  In  1830  an  insult  offered 
the  French  consul  led  to  war  with  France,  and  the  conquest 
of  the  country  was  determined  upon.  This,  however,  waa 
only  accomplished  after  many  years  of  bloody  war.  The 
name  Algerie  was  officially  proclaimed  in  1842,  and  in  1847 
Abd-el-Kader,  who  for  14  years  had  been  the  principal 
native  leader,  was  made  a  prisoner.  The  Kabyles,  and 
especially  the  Arabs,  frequently  revolted,  and  their  native 
valor  was  much  stimulated  by  hatred  for  an  alien  race  and 
by  religious  prejudices.  The  last  revolt  was  suppressed  in 
1871,  a  military  governor  was  nominated,  but  in  1879  was 
superseded  by  the  civil  governor.  Immigration  is  slow, 
and  the  expenses  to  France  are  much  greater  than  the  reve- 
nues.  Adj.  and  inhab.  Algerine,  iPj^r-een'. 

Algeria  de  Aiava,  ^.l-ii^'re-d,  d^  S,'li-vi,  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  of  Alava,  9  miles  E.  of  Vittoria.    Pop.  857. 

Algerie,  the  French  for  Algeria. 

Algerine,  Algerin,  Algerino.    See  Algiers. 

Algete,  il-H^'tA,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Madrid, 
near  the  river  Jarama.     Pop.  1356. 

Algczares,  il-iiA-thi'rJs,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Murcia. 
Pop.  2315.     It  exports  grain  and  fruit  to  Gibraltar. 

Algezcerah,  or  Algezirah.    See  Mesopotamia. 

Algeziras,  a  town  of  Spain.     See  Algbciras. 

Algezur,  or  Atjezur,  il-zhi-zoou',  a  town  of  Por- 
tugal, 23  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cape  St.  Vincent.     Pop.  2280. 

Alghero,  5.1-gd,'ro,  or  Algheri,  il-gi'ree,  a  fortified 
town  and  port  of  the  island  of  Sardinia,  on  the  W.  coast,  14 
miles  S.W.  of  Sassari.  Pop.  9839.  It  is  well  defended  next 
the  sea,  but  is  commanded  by  the  surrounding  mountains. 
It  has  a  cathedral,  convents,  and  public  schools.  The  port 
for  large  vessels  is  at  Porto  Corte,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Alghero. 
It  exports  wine,  grain,  wool,  skins,  anchovies,  coral,  <tc. 

Algiers,  il-jcerz'  (Arab.  Al-Jezair,  41-jd-zaiii' ;  Fr. 
Ahjer,  iPzhain' ;  Sp.  Argel,  aR-llil' ;  Port.  Aryel,  aR-zhftl' ; 
Ger.  Alijier,  il'gheeR^'  It.  Al/jieri,  il-je-i'ree),  a  city  of 
North  Africa,  on  the  W.  side  of  a  bay  of  its  own  name,  on 
the  Mediterranean.  Lat.  36°  47'  3"  N. ;  Ion.  3°  4'  5"  E. 
Since  1831  it  has  been  the  capital  of  the  French  colonial 
province  of  Algeria.  It  is  built  on  the  N.  slope  of  Mount 
Bouzarea,  which  rises  about  500  feet  above  the  bay,  and  the 
houses  are  arranged  amphitheatrewise.  The  external  aspect 
of  the  city  is  exceedingly  imposing,  owing  not  only  to  its 
form  and  position,  but  also  to  the  whiteness  of  its  houses, 
which  are  visible  at  a  great  distance.  Since  the  French  oc- 
cupation the  city  has  been  transformed  from  an  Oriental 
town  to  a  place  of  even  more  modern  aspect  than  many 
European  cities  exhibit,  having  wide  streets  and  boulevards, 
fine  open  squares  and  gardens,  and  splendid  public  build- 
ings, among  wliich  are  the  palaces  of  the  government  and 
of  the  archbishop,  the  public  library  and  museum,  the  grand 
mosque,  and  the  great  military  and  defensive  works.  The 
city  is  connected  by  railway  with  Oran ;  has  an  academy, 
lyceum,  and  many  schools,  banks,  hospitals,  churches, 
mosques,  <fec.  A  considerable  quarter,  known  as  the  old 
town,  still  retains  many  Oriental  characteristics.  It  has 
numerous  fountains,  supplying  an  abundance  of  water  from 
the  aqueducts  and  reservoirs  above  the  town.  Algiers  is  the 
residence  of  the  governor-general  and  all  the  leading  officers 
of  the  Algerine  colony.  The  harbor  is  a  work  of  immense 
labor,  first  formed  by  Barbarossa  in  1530,  having  a  mole  580 
feet  in  length  by  140  in  width,  extending  from  the  main- 
land to  an  islet,  on  which  are  a  strong  castle,  with  batteries, 
and  a  light-house.  Three  long  jetties  have  been  added  by 
the  French,  and  there  are  grand  quaj's  and  docks  for  ship- 
ping. The  commerce  of  Algiers  has  risen  to  great  impor- 
tance ;  and  it  has  become  the  entrepGt  of  four-fifths  of  the 
trade  with  France  and  other  European  countries,  aa  well  as 
with  other  towns  of  the  province.  Pop.  in  1886,  74,792. 
Adj.  and  inhab.  Algerise,  iljer-een'  (Fr.  Alu£rin, 


ALO 


40^ 


ALT 


U'thi^HLiTi'  J  0«r.  ALOiRni.icH,  H'gheo-rieh ;  It.  Alokbino, 
il-J&-r«e'no ;  Sp.  Argki.ino,  nn-iid  Ice'no). 

Algiers,  4l-Jo«r«',  a  village  of  Orleans  pnrlsh,  La.,  on  the 
9.  bank  of  tha  Miwiwippi  Kiver  (which  here  runs  nearly 
•Mt),  oppo«it«  New  Orleann,  of  whieh  it  forms  the  5th  mu- 
nioipal  district  and  the  1 6th  ward.  It  is  the  terminus  of  the 
Btntbem  Pnoifio,  the  Texas  &  Paoifio,  and  the  New  Orleans, 
V»rt  Jaclison  A  Urande  Isle  Railroads.  Ferry-boats  ply 
between  Algiers  and  New  Orleans.  Here  are  the  Southern 
P»riflo  Iron  and  Car  Construction  Worlis,  nnd  several  ship- 
yards, dry-docks,  floating  docks,  rallrond  maohino-shop8, 
boiler-shops,  Ao.  Algiers  baa  11  churohes.  Pop.  in  1880, 
8856;  in  1890,  10,811. 

Algon  (nl-go'^)  Hay,  an  extensive  bay  on  the  S.E. 
eon»:t  of  Africii,  Caj)e  Colony,  between  Cnpcs  llccife  and 
Piulron,  426  uiilos  K.  of  the  Cnpo  of  Good  Hope.  It  is 
©pen  to  south  winds,  but  has  good  anchorage.  The  Sunday 
and  Daasher  Kivers  flow  into  the  bay,  nnd  at  the  mouth  of 
the  latter  is  Port  Elizabeth.  Lnt.  of  Croix  Island,  in  the 
bay,  :{3<»  47'  6"  S.;  Ion.  25°  46'  7"  E. 

Aigonda  Point,  ooost  of  Malabar.    See  Alguada. 

Algodon,  &l'go-don\  a  post-office  of  Ionia  co.,  Mich.,  7 
miles  S.  of  Saranao. 

Algodonales,  &l-go-Do-n&'lds,  n  town  of  Spain,  in 
Andalusia,  at  the  foot  of  the  Sierra  de  Lijar,  49  miles  N.E. 
of  Cadiz.     Pop.  3393. 

Algodones,  &l-go-do'ndz,  a  small  village  of  New  Mex- 
ico, on  the  left  bank  of  the  Rio  Grande,  38  miles  S.W,  of 
Santa  ¥6.     It  bos  a  church. 

Algo'mn,  a  fertile  township  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.  It  con- 
tains the  village  of  Rockford.     Pop.  (1880)  2100. 

Algoina,  a  township  of  Winnebago  co.,  Wis.  Pop.  789, 
exclusive  of  Oshkosh,  of  which  city  the  former  village  of 
Algoma  forms  a  part. 

Algoma,  a  district  at  the  W.  extremity  of  Ontario,  on 
Lakes  Huron  and  Superior.  It  contains  rich  copper-  and 
silver-mines,  and  is  watered  by  many  streams.  Area, 
43,150  square  miles.  Pop.  7018,  chiefly  Indians.  It  is  the 
diocese  of  a  bishop  (Episcopalian). 

Algo'na,  a  city,  tne  capital  of  Kossuth  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  East  Fork  of  the  Des  Moines  River,  nnd  on  the  Iowa 
A  Dakota  division  of  the  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad, 
62  miles  W.  of  Mason  City,  and  about  44  miles  N.  of  Fort 
Dodge.  Three  weekly  papers  are  published  here.  Algona 
has  9  churches,  2  banks,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  wagons 
and  carriages,  slat  and  wire  fence,  creamery-butter,  and 
furniture.     Pop.  in  1890,  2068. 

APgoiiac',  a  post-village  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Clay  township,  on  the  St.  Clair  River,  about  36  miles  N.E. 
of  Detroit.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  union 
school,  nnd  steam  saw-mills.     Pop.  754. 

Algon'quin,  or  Algon'kin,  a  nation  of  Indians,  who, 
on  the  first  settlement  of  the  Europeans,  possessed  an  ex- 
tensive domain  along  the  N.  bank  of  the  St.  Lawrence. 
The  entire  nation  at  present  does  not  number  above  600.  In 
11  larger  sense,  and  according  to  the  more  common  use,  the 
name  AUjonqnin  is  applied  to  the  great  family  or  stock  of 
Indian  tribes  which  occupied  all  the  country  from  the  Mis- 
sissippi to  the  Atlantic  north  of  the  Ohio  and  southeastward 
to  Cape  Fear,  but  excluding  the  Iroquois,  Winnebagoes, 
and  a  few  others.  To  this  stock  belong  many  Canadian 
tribes,  also  the  Blackfeet  nnd  Cheyennes  of  the  far  AVest. 

Algonquin,  a  post-village  of  McHenry  co..  111.,  finely 
situated  in  Algonquin  township,  on  the  Fo.x  River  and  the 
Pox  River  Branch  of  the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad, 
48  miles  N.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded 
Khool,  3  flouring-mills,  and  several  butter-  and  cheese- 
factories.  Pop.  of  township,  2157.  It  contains  also  the 
village  of  Crystal  Lake. 

Algonquin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cnrroll  co.,  0.,  in  Union 
township,  5  miles  S.  of  Carrollton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Algonquin,  or  Wright's  Corners,  a  post-village  in 
Orcnvillo  co.,  Ontario,  5  miles  from  Maitland.     Pop.  100. 

Al'good,  a  post-office  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C. 

Alguada  or  Algoada  (41-gwi'di)  Point,  on  the 
coast  of  Malabar,  forming  the  N.  extremity  of  Goa  Bay. 
Lat.  15°  29'  N. ;  Ion.  73°  50'  E. 

Algnnd,  il'goond,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  the  Tyrol, 
neiir  Meran.     Pop.,  with  district,  1468. 

Algyo,  old'yo,  a  village  of  Hungary,  county  of  Csongrad, 
on  the  Theiss,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Szegedin,     Pop.  2814. 

Algydgy,  old'yijdj,  a  town  of  Hungary,  in  Transylvania, 
21  miles  S.W.  of  Karisburg.     Pop.  5051. 

Al-Hadhr,  il-hidV  (anc.  Hn'trn),  a  ruined  city  of 
Asiatic  Turkey,  in  Mesopotamia,  60  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mosul, 
having  a  circular  space  1  mile  in  diameter  enclosed  by  a 
bustioncd  wall,  and  many  remains  of  buildings  and  tombs. 


Alhama,  ai-4'ml  or  il-hi'nii  ("  the  bfttb"),  ri  town  of 
Spain,  in  Andalusia,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Granada.  Pop. 
6290.  It  has  ruins  of  Moorish  walls,  and  near  it  are  ths 
warm  baths  whence  its  Arabic  name.  ' 

Alhama,  a  town  of  Spain,  13  miles  S.W.  of  MureM 
with  a  hospital,  a  ruined  castle,  and  warm  baths.    Pop.  304K 

Alhanibra,  the  Moori!<h  palace.    See  Gra:(AI>a. 

Alhanibra,  &l-h&m'br&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Now  Casw 
tile,  48  miles  E.S.E.  of  Ciudad  Real.     Pop.  840. 

Alhanibra,  a  town  of  Spain,  62  mites  S.W.  of  Snra^ 
gossa,  on  the  Jalon,  with  celebrated  mineral  springs  and 
baths,  the  A'qux  liUbilita'ntt  of  the  Romans.    Pop.  600. 

Alliam'bra,  a  thriving  po-^t-borough  of  Los  Angeles 
CO.,  Cal.,  in  a  fine  fruit-growing  region,  7  miles  by  rail  N.E. 
of  Los  Angeles.  It  had  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  convent,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  extensive  wineries.    Pop.  in  1890,  808. 

Alhanibra,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co..  III.,  in  AU 
hainbra  township,  14  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Edwardsville. 
It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  100. 

Alhandra,  &l-&n'dr&,  a  town  of  Portugal,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Tagus,  18  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Lisbon,  has 
large  fisheries,  salt-works,  Ac.     Pop.  2000. 

Alhandra,  &l-&n'dr&,  a  town  of  Brazil,  15  miles  S.S.B< 
of  Parana-lba. 

Alhaurin  de  la  Torre,  &I-ow-reen'  Ah,  \h.  ton'ni,  a 
town  of  Spain,  Granada,  1 5  miles  S.W.  of  Malaga.  Pop.  3425. 

Alhaurin  el  Grande,  41-ow-rcen'  el  griii'dA,  a  town 
of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  20  miles  W.  from  Malaga.  There 
are  4  squares,  a  town-house,  hospibil,  numerous  fountains, 
remains  of  an  Arab  fortificntion  nnd  of  a  Roman  aqueduo^ 
also  marble-,  freestone-,  and  granite-quarries.     Pop.  6781. 

Alhendin,  4l-5n-deen',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia^ 
on  the  Dilar,  0  miles  S.W.  of  Granada.     Pop.  2275. 

Alhucemas,  &l-oo-thd'm&s,  a  small  island  fortress  and 
prison-settlement  belonging  to  Spain,  in  the  Mediterranean^ 
on  the  coast  of  Morocco,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Cape  Morro.  Lati 
35°  15'  N.;  Ion.  4°  12'  E.     Pop.  311. 

Ali,  i'leo,  an  ancient  town  of  Sicily,  15  miles  by  rail 
S.S.W.  of  Messina,  with  sulphur  baths.     Pop.  2582. 

Alia,  4'le-i,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  18  milet 
S.W.  of  Logrosan.     Pop.  2225. 

Alia,  ^-lee'i,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  and  34  milef 
S.E.  of  Palermo.     Pop.  4562. 

Ali-Abad,  i'lee-i-bid'  {i.e.,  "the  abode  or  city  of 
Ali"),  a  town  of  Persia,  in  Irak-Ajemee,  85  miles  N.E.  of 
Knshan,  with  500  houses.     Near  it  is  a  royal  residence. 

Ali-Abad,  a  town  of  Persia,  in  Mazanderan,  on  the- 
Caspian  Sea,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Amol. 

Ali-Abad,  a  village  of  Persia,  in  Azerbaijan,  65  milei' 
N.E.  of  Tabreez.  Ali-Abad  is  the  name  of  several  other 
villages  in  Asia. 

Aliaga,  &-le-i'g4,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Aragon,  on  the 
Guadalupe,  23  miles  N.E.  of  Teruel.     Pop.  1074. 

Aliano,  3.-le-&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Potcnzo, 
43  miles  S.W.  of  Mntera.     Pop.  1760. 

Aliaska,  i-Ie-is'ki,  sometimes  written  Aliashka,  «■ 
peninsula  of  Alaska  (which  see),  extending  some  450  mileS' 
into  the  Pacific,  with  an  average  breadth  of  25  miles.  It  \i 
mountainous,  with  volcanic  peaks.  Its  people  are  of  th» 
Innuit  or  Esquimaux  stock,  and  number  about  3000. 

Ali-Boghan,  i'leo-bo*gin',  a  town  of  Afghanistan,  \9 
miles  E.  of  Jelalabad,  at  an  elevation  of  1900  feet. 

Alibunar,  i-le-boo-nnr',  or  Alibaunar,  4-le-bo-nar', 
a  town  of  Croatia,  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pancsova,  on  the 
borders  of  a  great  sandy  plain,  and  ne.ar  marshes  partly 
dniined.  It  has  saltpetre-works,  nnd  mills  turned  by  horse 
power.     A  canal  connects  it  with  Vei-sccz.     Pop.  3706. 

Ali-Bunder,  i'lee-bun'd^r,  a  town  of  Sinde,  on  the 
Goonee,  in  its  delta,  76  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hyderabad. 

Alicante,  4-le-kin't4.  or  al-e-kant'  (anc.  Luccn'tiim),  a' 
city  and  seaport  of  Spain,  in  Valencia,  capital  of  the  prov- 
ince of  the  same  name,  at  the  head  of  an  extensive  bay,' 
having  Cape  la  Huertas  at  its  N.E.  extremity,  and  Cape' 
Santa  Pola  on  the  S.,  12  miles  apart.  It  lies  in  lat.  38°' 
20'  7"  N.,  Ion.  0°  26'  W.,  at  the  base  of  a  rocky  eminence' 
400  feet  high,  surmounted  by  a  strong  castle,  which  over- 
looks it  and  commands  the  bay.  It  is  well  built;  has  clean^. 
well-paved  streets,  and  lofty  and  substantial  stone  houses;. 

Erovided  with  terraces  and  verandas.  It  has  three  generaP 
ospitals,  a  military  hospital,  a  lying-in  hospital,  orphan-" 
asylum,  and  house  of  mercj',  a  college,  a  theatre,  several; 
extensive  storehouses,  public  baths,  and  8  fountains;  but' 
the  water  is  not  good,  being  impregnated  with  the  salts  of 
magnesia.  Its  manufactures  consist  largely  of  tobacco^, 
esparto  cordage  and  matting.  The  chief  exports  are  wino^' 
fruits,  esparto,  liquorice,  nnd  canary-seed.  The  govern-i 
mcnt  has  here  a  cigar-factory,  which  employs  more  thaf 


ALI 


463 


ALL 


2200  women;  and  a  British  company  has  established  in 
the  neighborhood,  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Molinet,  works  for 
smelting  and  refining  the  ores  from  the  mines  of  Murcia. 
The  city  is  the  chief  port  of  Valencia,  and  has  many  French 
and  English  resident  merchants.  The  harbor  of  Alicante 
is  only  a  roadstead  in  a  deep  bay,  small  vessels  alone  being 
able  to  approach  the  quay.  The  mole  has  been  greatly  ex- 
tended. Alicante  is  situated  on  a  railway,  about  125  miles 
S.  of  Valencia.     Pop.  in  1887,  40,115. 

Alicante^  a  province  of  Spain,  formed  in  1834  of  the 
8.  part  of  the  ancient  kingdom  of  Valencia  and  a  small 
part  of  Murcia.  Area,  2868  square  miles.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile, producing  wine,  sugar,  rioo,  oranges,  citron,  figs,  and 
other  fruits.     Pop.  in  1887,  433,050. 

Alicata,  i-le-ki'ti,,  or  liicata,  le-ki't&,  a  seaport  of 
Sicily,  on  its  southern  coast,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Salso 
River  into  the  Mediterranean,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Girgenti. 
It  is  a  terminus  of  the  Canicatti-Licati  Railway,  has  a 
technical  school,  and  exports  wine,  grain,  and  much  brim- 
stone, more  than  30,000  tons  of  the  last  named  being  some- 
times shipped  per  annum.     Pop.  (1881)  17,589. 

Alice,  al'iss,  a  post-village  of  Nueces  co.,  Tex.,  42  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Corpus  Christi.     Pop.  400. 

Alice  Castello,  i-lee'ohk  kS,8-tdrio,  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  of  Novara.     Pop.  1852. 

Alice  Superiore,  i-lce'ch4  soo-pi-ree-o'ri,  a  town  of 

Italy,  province  of  Turin,  7  miles  W.  of  Ivrea.     Pop.  1050. 

Aliccton,  al'is-ton,  a  post-oiRce  of  Boyle  co.,  Ky.,  at 

North  Fork  Station  on  the  Knoxville  Branch  of  the  Louis- 

Tille  &  Nashville  Railroad. 

Alicia,  a-lish'e-a,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Law- 
rence CO.,  Ark.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  <k  South- 
em  Railroad,  107  miles  N.E.  of  Little  Rock,  and  3  miles 
from  Black  River.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Aiicudi,  i-le-koo'dee  (anc.  Uricu'sa),  the  westernmost 
of  the  Lipari  Islands.  It  is  conical  in  form,  6  miles  in  cir- 
cumference, and  rises  abruptly  from  the  sea.  It  produces 
«uli)hur,  fruits,  and  palms.     Pop.  450. 

Ali'da,  a  post-hamlct  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.,  in  Clinton 
township,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  where  it  crosses 
the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  Railroad,  50  miles 
S.E.  of  Chicago,  and  14  miles  S.  of  Michigan  City.  It  is  a 
gbipping-point  for  grain. 

Alida,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Geary  oo.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Republican  River,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Junction  City,  on 
the  Junction  City  &  Fort  Kearney  Railroad. 

Alife,  i-lee'fi  (anc.  Alli'fse  or  Alli'pha),  a  town  of 
Italy,  in  Caserta,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Capua.     Pop.  3201. 

Aligaum,  il-e-gaum',  a  town  of  British  India,  Nizam's 
dominions,  68  miles  S.AV.  of  Ellichpoor. 

Al'igerville,  a  hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Rochester 
township,  7  miles  from  Rosendale.  It  has  2  churches. 
Ali-Ghez,  a  mountain  of  Armenia.  See  Alagrez. 
Alighur,  dre-gur'  (native  Aligarh),  a  district  of  India, 
Meerut  division,  North-West  Provinces,  lat.  27°  29'-28°  10' 
30"  N.,  Ion.  55°  32'  30"-58°  42'  30"  E.  Area,  1954  square 
miles.  It  lies  between  the  Ganges  and  the  Jumna.  Cap- 
ital, Coel.     Pop.  1,073,106. 

Alighur,  or  Allyghur,  a  fortress  of  India,  on  the 
Calcutta-Delhi  Railway,  82  miles  from  Delhi,  and  adjacent 
to  the  city  of  Coel. 

Aligunge,or  Alligunge,  irie-giinj'  (native  AUganj), 
atown  of  India,  district  of  Etah,  21  miles  N.W.  of  Futtehghur. 
Pop.  7912.     See  also  Allagunge. 

Aligunge,  or  SeHvaii',  or  AIigunge<Sewan, 
written  also  Aliganj-Sewan,  a  town  of  the  Sarun  dis- 
trict, province  of  Bahar,  India,  on  the  navigable  river  Daha, 
40  miles  N.E.  of  Chuprah.  It  manufactures  excellent  pottery 
and  bronze.     Pop.  11,099. 

Alijo,  i-lee'zho,  a  town  of  Portugal,  15  miles  E.  of  Villa 
Real.     Pop.  1672. 

Aiijos  (i-lee'Hos)  Rocks,  in  the  Pacific,  lat.  24°  58' 
N.,  Ion.  115°  48'  W.,  about  200  miles  W.  of  Lower  Cali- 
fornia.    They  are  112  feet  high. 

Alila,  3,-lee'lA,  a  station  in  Tulare  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  22  miles  S.  of  Tulare. 

Alimena,  d-le-mi'nd,  a  town  in  the  island  of  Sicily,  52 
miles  S.E.  of  Palermo.     Pop.  4580. 
Ali«]Uohan,  in  India.    See  Ali-Rajpoob. 
Aline,  Ji-leen',  a  post-hamlet  of  Snyder  co..  Pa.,  in  Perry 
township,  about  35  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Harrisburg.     It  has 
*  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Aline  Loch,  i-leen'  Iok,  a  small  arm  of  the  sea,  in 
Argyleshire,  Scotland,  3i  miles  long,  and  half  a  mile  broad. 
Alingo,  the  ancient  name  of  Lanoon. 
Alingsaes,  i'ling-sAs*,  a  town  of  Sweden,  on  a  railway, 
32  miles  S.W.  of  Wenersborg.     Pop.  1837. 


Alipee,  Alepe,  Allepee,  Alipi,  ir§-pec',  APla- 
pee',  Ala^polai',  or  Aulapolay,  aw-l&^po-la',  a  town 
of  India,  in  Travancore,  on  the  Malabar  coast,  32  miles  S, 
by  E.  of  Cochin.  Lat.  9"  30'  N. ;  Ion.  76°  25'  E.  A  canal 
connects  it  with  the  Backwater,  a  large  coast-lake.  The 
town  has  a  large  trade  in  teak,  cardamoms,  and  pepper. 
Pop.  about  10,000. 

APipoor',  a  southern  suburb  of  Calcutta,  British  India, 
on  the  Hoogly.  It  contains  Belvedere  House,  the  residence 
of  the  lieutenant-governor,  barracks,  and  a  great  peniten- 
tiary. 

Ali-Rsypoor,  i'le-rlj-poor',  or  Ali-Mohan,  i'lc- 
mo'hin',  a  native  state  of  Rajpootana,  India,  is  33  miles  long 
and  31  broad.  Area,  708  square  miles.  It  is  governed  by  a 
rajah,  tributary  to  the  British.    Cap.,  Rajpoor.    Pop.  69,384. 

Alisal,  a  township  of  Monterey  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  2723. 

Alisc-Sainte-Reine,  i'leez'-s4Nt-r4ne',  a  village  of 
France,  department  of  Cote-d'Or,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Semur, 
with  iron-mines  and  mineral  waters  in  its  vicinity.  This 
is  the  ancient  Ale'aia,  described  by  C»sar  (Bell.  Gallic,  lih. 
vii.),  and  taken  by  him  from  Vercingetorix.     Pop.  786. 

Alisonia,  a  hamlet  of  Virginia.    See  Allisonia. 

Alitak  (&.l'e-tAk^)  Bay,  Alaska,  enters  Kadiak  Island 
from  the  S.W.,  between  Capes  Alitak  and  Trinity. 

Aliwal,  5.1-e-wiir,  a  village  in  Northwestern  India, 
near  the  Sutlej,  N.W.  of  Loodianah.  Here,  on  the  28th  of 
January,  1846,  General  Sir  H.  Smith,  with  about  12,000 
troops,  totally  defeated  a  Sikh  army  of  double  that  number. 

Alixan,  3,Mix'6N°'  (L.  Alexia'num),  a  village  of  Franco, 
in  Dr6me,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Valence.     Pop.  1952. 

AN  Jezair,  a  city  of  Africa.     See  Algiers. 

Al-Jezeereh,  or  Al-Jezira.    See  Mesopotamia. 

Aljezur,  a  town  of  Portugal.    See  Algezur. 

Aljubarrota,  il-zhoo-baB-Ro'ti,  a  town  of  Portugal, 
in  Estremadura,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Leiria,  on  the  summit  of 
a  mountain.  In  the  neighborhood,  John  I.  of  Portugal 
obtained  a  signal  victory  over  John  I.,  King  ( f  Castile, 
August  14,  1385.     Pop.  2707. 

Aljustrel,  dl-zhoo-strSl',  a  town  of  Portugal,  province 
of  Alemtejo,  77  miles  S.E.  of  Lisbon,  and  22  miles  S.AV.  of 
Beja,  in  an  oasis  of  the  barren  Campo  de  Bcja.     Pop.  2185. 

AI'Kaisareeyeh,  or  Al-Kaisseria,  &l-ki-ser-ee'- 
yi,  a  town  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Morocco,  not  far  from  Al- 
cazar Kebeer.     Pop.  about  8000,  of  which  500  are  Jews. 

Al'kali,  a  station  in  Keith  co..  Neb.,  on  the  Union  Pa- 
cific Railroad,  and  on  the  S.  Platte,  20  miles  E.  of  Ogalalla. 

Alkali  Lake,  a  small  lake,  with  no  outlet,  in  Iron  co., 
Utah,  about  lat.  37°  40'  N.,  Ion.  113°  10'  W. 

Al-Katif,  a  town  of  Arabia.     See  El  Katif. 

Aiken,  il'ken,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of  Lim- 
bourg,  on  the  railway  from  Landen  to  Hasselt,  4  miles  S.  of 
Hasselt.     Pop.  2900. 

Alkmaar, or  Alckmaer,  alk-m&R'  ('L.Alcma'rta),B.n 
old  and  important  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North  llol- 
land,  on  a  railway,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Amsterdam,  and  5 
miles  from  the  sea.  Lat.  52°  37'  N. ;  Ion.  40°  44'  E.  Alk- 
maar  is  a  clean  and  regularly  built  town,  intersected  by 
small  canals,  the  banks  of  which  are  planted  with  trees.  It 
is  the  seat  of  a  court  of  first  resort,  and  of  a  tribunal  of  com- 
merce; is  well  supplied  with  educational  and  scientific  in- 
stitutions, having,  besides  public  schools,  a  Latin  school,  » 
drawing-school,  a  school  of  clinical  medicine,  a  natural  his- 
tory and  literary  society,  a  gymnasium,  a  library,  a  society  of 
science  and  art,  Ac.  Alkmaar  possesses  a  roomy  haven,  and 
carries  on  a  considerable  export  trade  in  butter  and  cheese, 
the  quantity  of  the  latter  sold  annually  in  the  town  being 
upwards  of  4000  tons.  This  cheese  is  exported  to  all  parts 
of  Europe,  to  the  AVest  Indies,  and  to  South  America.  The( 
manufactures  consist  of  salt,  soap,  vinegar,  earthenware, 
leather,  and  parchment.  Its  successful  defence  against  th© 
Spaniards  in  1573  gave  rise  to  the  saying,  "  Victory  begins 
at  Alkmaar."     Pop.  13,304. 

Al-Kosh,  irkosh',  a  walled,  fortified  town  of  Asiatio 
Turkey,  in  Koordistan,  15  miles  N.  of  Mosul.  Near  it, 
among  the  mountains,  is  a  Chaldean  convent.     Pop.  3000. 

Alkoven,  or  Alkaven,  dl-kov'en,  a  village  of  Upper 
Austria,  on  the  Danube,  6  miles  E.S.E.  of  EfTerding.  Pop., 
with  commune,  3200. 

ANKsar,  a  town  of  Morocco.     See  Alcazar  Kebeer. 

Allada,  41-li'di,  a  town  of  Dahomey,  35  miles  N.  of 
Whydah,  between  two  large  lakes.     Pop.  8000. 

Allagunge,  irii-giinj',  a  town  of  India,  North-West 
Provinces,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Furruckabad.  Pop.  6000.  Sow 
also  Aligunge. 

Al'lah,  a  post-office  of  Hunt  co.,  Texas. 

Allahabad,  ai-li-hi-bid'  {i.e.,  the  "city  of  God"), 
an  ancient  city  of  Hindostan,  capital  of  the  North-  West  Pro«* 


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464 


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InoM,  situated  near  the  Junction  of  tlie  Qanges  and  Jumna, 
460  milM  N.  by  W.  of  Calcutta,  at  the  junction  of  several 
nilwavs.  Lat.25°25'26"N.;  lon.810  6I'l"E.  The  town 
WM  originally  built  uf  brick,  and  its  antiquity  nnd  former 
•xtent  are  attested  by  the  fact  that  for  sevenil  miles  around 
the  fort  the  soil  consists  of  mortar,  bmken  pottery,  and 
brickdust.  Among  the  remarkable  buildings  ai-e  the  fort, 
the  Jumma  Musjid,  or  principal  mosque,  the  serai  of  the 
Bultnn  Khusro,  and  the  imperial  tombs.     The  fort  com- 

Slctely  commands  the  navigation,  nnd  is  the  chief  military 
opot  for  the  upper  provinces.  Allahabad  is  the  seat  of  a 
■nperior  court  of  justice,  and  has  a  school  nt  which  native 
pupils  are  taught  Persic,  Hindostanee.Ao.  Pop.  160,.378. 

Allahabad,  a  division  of  tho  North-west  Provinces, 
British  India,  comprising  the  districts  of  Allahabad,  Cawn- 
poor,  Futtehpoor,  llumeon)oor,  Banda,  and  Jounpoor.  Pop. 
6,466,116.  Allahabad  l)isTnicf  is  in  lat.  24°  49'-26°  44' 
N.,  Ion.  81°14'-82°26'E.  Area,  2802  square  miles.  Cap- 
ital, Allahabad.     Pop.  1,394,245. 

Allah-Shehr,  acity  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Ala-Shehr. 

AIMniiif  now  called  Port  Al'len,  a  post-village,  cap- 
ital of  West  Baton  Rouge  parish.  La.     See  Port  Allbn. 

Allailit   &Plin',  a  village  of  France,   department   of 
Mciirtho-et-Moselle,  about  10  miles  S.E  of  Nancy. 
.   Allaire,  &IM&r',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Horbihan,  26  miles  E.  of  Vannes.     Pop.  2252. 

Allaire,  alMair',  a  post-ofBce  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J., 
and  a  station  on  the  Farmingdale  &  Squan  Vilhige  Railroad, 
5  miles  N.W.  of  Seagirt. 

AIMamakee',  or  Allamakee',  the  most  northeastern 
eounty  of  Iowa,  borders  on  Minnesota.  Area,  about  650 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  tho  E.  by  the  Mississippi 
River,  is  intersected  by  the  Upper  Iowa  River,  which  runs 
northeastward,  and  also  drained  by  Yellow  River  and  Paint 
Creek.  The  surface  presents  picturesque  scenery,  diversified 
with  prairies,  bluffs,  and  forests.  The  Upper  Iowa  flows 
through  a  narrow  winding  valley  bordered  by  bluffs  which 
rise  nearly  400  feet  above  the  river.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  butter,  hay,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Timber  is  abundant  here.  The  rocks 
which  underlie  the  most  of  the  county  are  fine  Trenton 
limestone  and  dolomiticormagncsian  limestone,  both  Lower 
Silurian.  The  former  is  a  good  building-stone,  and  contains 
94  per  cent,  of  carbonate  of  lime.  The  Milwaukee  <fc  St. 
Paul  Railroad  traverses  tho  S.W.  part  of  this  county.  Cap- 
ital, Waukon.     Pop.  in  1880,  19,791 ;  in  1890,  17,907. 

AlManiead',  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  Kansas,  12 
miles  N.W.  of  Lincoln. 

Al'lamoore,  or  Al'lamore,  a  post-hamlet  of  El  Paso 
CO.,  Tex.,  on  the  Rio  Grande  division  of  the  Texas  &  Pacific 
Railway,  106  miles  E.S.E.  of  El  Pnso. 

APIamu'chee,  or  AlMamu'chy,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Warren  co.,  N.J.,  about  35  miles  W.  of  Paterson.  It  has  a 
church,  and  mines  of  iron. 

Allan,  al'lan,  a  river  of  Scotland,  county  of  Perth, 
joins  the  Forth  2  miles  above  Stirling.     Length,  18  miles. 

Allan,  iriAno',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Dr6me,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Montelimar.     Pop.  1100. 

Allan,  Bridge  of.    See  Bridge  of  Allan. 

Al'lanburg,  a  post-village  in  Welland  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  Welland  Canal,  5  miles  by  rail  S.  of  St.  Catharines. 
Pop.  300. 

Allanche,  JllMftNsh',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Cantal,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Murat.     Pop.  2056. 

Alland,  &I'l&nd,  a  village  of  Lower  Austria,  8  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Baden.     Pop.  1250. 

AlMandale',  a  post-office  of  Banks  co.,  Ga.,  4  miles 
from  Lulah  Railroad  Station. 

APlandale'  Mills,  or  Lang,  a  post-village  in  Peter- 
borough CO.,  Ontario,  on  Indian  River,  10  miles  S.E.  of 
Peterborough.  It  contains  saw-  and  grist-mills,  a  carding- 
mill,  and  a  hoop-factory.     Pop.  200. 

Ailapaha,  or  Alapaha,  al-lap'a-haw,  a  river  of 
Georgia,  rises  in  the  S.  central  part  of  the  state.  It  runs 
nearly  southward  through  a  level  sividy  tract,  passes  into 
Florida,  and  enters  the  Suwanee  River.     Length,  180  miles. 

Ailapaha,  or  Alapaha,  a  thriving  post-village  of 
Berrien  co..  Ga.,  on  tho  Brunswick  &  Albany  Railroad,  112 
miles  W.  of  Brunswick.  It  has  4  churches,  and  manufao- 
tares  of  chairs,  lumber,  blinds,  &(i. 

Allapee,  a  town  of  Hindostan.     See  Alipee. 

Allaputty,  or  Allapatti,  fl.ri&-put'tee,  an  island  at 
the  extreme  N.  of  Ceylon,  and  near  the  isle  of  Jaffna.  It 
is  covered  with  palms,  and  is  inhabited  by  Malabar  fisher- 
men.    Pop.  1800.     Lat.  9°  46'  N. ;  Ion.  80°  2'  E. 

Al'lard's  Cor'ners,  a  hamlet  of  Orange  oo.,  N.Y., 
2i  miles  from  Walden  Station. 


Allariz,  &l-yll-rceth',  a  walled  town  of  Spain,  in  Gali- 
cia,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Orense.     Pop.  1760. 

Allarmont,  JlPlaK'm6Na',  a  village  of  France,  depart* 
mcnt  of  Vosge?,  13  miles  N.N.E.  of  St.  Did.     Pop.  81(1. 

AllnN8  (Al-I&ss')  Htrnit  is  between  the  islands  of  Lom« 
bok  nnd  Sumbawa,  in  the  Malay  Archijjelago.  Length, 
about  50  miles ;  breadth,  at  the  narrowest  part,  9  miles. 

Allassac,  iri&s^s&k',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Corr«^«e,  15  miles  W.  of  Tulle.     Pop.  1248. 

AlPatoo'nn,  a  post-office  nnd  station  of  Bartow  co., 
Ga.,  on  the  Western  &  Atlantic  Railroad,  40  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Atlanta.  It  is  near  the  Allatoona  Pass,  where  General 
J.  E.  Johnston  made  a  stand  in  May,  1864,  when  pursued 
by  General  Sherman,  and  is  surrounded  by  picturesque 
scenery.  A  battle  was  fought  here  October  5, 1864,  between 
the  Union  forces  under  General  Corse  and  the  Confcdcratei 
under  General  French. 

Allauch,  iriosh',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Bouches-du-RhOne,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Marseilles.     Pop.  1388. 

AlIa-Yar-ka-Tanda,  or  Alli-Yar-ka-'randa^ 
J,l-l9-yar-ki-tln'd&,  a  town  of  Sinde,  20  miles  E.  of  Hyder- 
abad. Pop.  8500.   It  has  cotton  manufactures  and  dye-works, 

Allc,  iri^h,  a  river  of  East  Prussia,  falls  into  the  Prcgel 
27  miles  above  Kiinigsberg.     Its  length  is  about  116  miles. 

All6e  Blanche,  irii'  bl5Nsh  (i.?.,  the  "  white  pas. 
sage"),  a  lofty  valley  of  Italy,  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
Mont  Blanc  chain.  It  owes  its  name  to  the  deep  snow  with 
which  it  is  always  covered  even  in  summer. 

Al'legan,  a  county  in  the  S.W,  part  of  Michigan,  baa 
an  area  of  about  850  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
W.  by  Lake  Michigan,  and  intersected  by  Kalamazoo  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  butter,  hay,  and  lumber  are  the 
staple  products  of  the  county.  Among  the  forest  trees  are 
the  sugar-maple,  ash,  beech,  oak,  and  tulip-tree.  The 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Michigan  Lake  Shore  Railroad, 
the  Grand  Rapids  <k  Indiana  Railroad,  and  a  branch  of  the 
Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad.  Capitiil,  Alle^ 
gan.    Pop.  in  1870,  32,105;  in  1880,  37,815  ;  in  1890,  38,961. 

Allegan,  a  post-hamk-t  of  Rice  co.,  Kansns,  in  a  farm< 
ing  section,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Lyons,  and  5  miles  W.  of  I. 
Pollard.  ': 

Allegan,   a  post-village,  the  capital  of  Allegan  co., 
Mich.,  is  on  the  Kalamazoo  River,  at  the  head  of  naviga- 
tion, in  Allegan  township,  and  on  the  Kalamazoo  division 
of  the   Lake  Shore   A   Michigan  Southern   Railroad,  160 
miles  W.  of  Detroit,  33  miles  S.S.W.  of  Grand  Rapids,  and 
25  miles  N.W.  of  Kalamazoo.     The  Michigan  Lake  Shore 
Railroad  connects  it  with  Grand  Haven.    Large  quantities 
of  lumber  sawn  in  Allegan  co.  are  shipped  at  this  place.  ^ 
It  has  a  national  bank,  4  newspaper  offices,  a  public  library, 
several  flouring-mills,  planing-mills,  and  saw-mills,  an  iron- 
foundry,  woollen-mill,  and  car-works,  10  churches,  high 
and  ward  schools,  superior  hotels,  and  manufactures  of  ; 
straw-paper.   It  is  supplied  with  water  by  the  Holly  system,  -^ 
and   has   extensive   water-power,    which    is   employed   in' 
several  mills.     Pop.  in  1880,  2305;  in  1890,  2669;  of  th( 
township,  in  1890,  3983. 

Allegany,  a  county  of  New  York.    See  Alleghant. 

Alleghany,*  al-le-gi'nee,  a  river  of  the  United  States, 
a  branch  of  the  Ohio,  rises  in  Potter  co..  Pa.,  and,  turning 
northward,  makes  an  extensive  dCtour  in  Cattaraugus  co., 
N.Y.  Having  re-crossed  the  northern  boundary  of  Penn-- 
sylvania,  it  runs  southwcstward  through  the  oil  region  to 
Franklin,  Venango  co.  From  this  point  it  flows  southeast- 
ward to  the  mouth  of  Mahoning  Creek,  below  which  it  pur- 
sues a  southwest  course  through  Armstrong  and  Alleghany 
cos.  until  it  unites  with  the  Monongaliela  at  Pittsburg. 
The  stream  formed  by  this  confluence  is  the  Ohio  River. 
The  length  of  the  Alleghany  is  perhaps  350  miles.  Small 
steamboats  can  ascend  it  200  miles  or  more  from  Pittsburg. 
This  river  traverses  a  hilly  country,  in  which  bituminous 
coal,  petroleum,  and  pine  timber  are  abundant.  > 

•  It  is  much  to  be  desired  that  a  unifonn  orthogmpliy  of  tills 
name  should  be  adopted.  In  Now  York  it  is  commonly  writtea 
Allegany,  in  Pennsylvania,  Alleglienti,  and  in  Virginia  and  the 
Southern  States,  Alleghamj,  thougli  nearly  all  of  the  works  on  genfral 
geography,  even  those  published  in  New  York  and  I'ennsylvania, 
spell  tlie  name  AtiEOHANy.  The  impropriety,  not  to  say  absurdity, 
of  this  discrepancy  in  the  spelling  of  this  name  will  be  seen  by 
referring  to  a  representation  of  New  York  and  Peunsylvania  on, 
the  same  map.  We  shall  there  find  at  times  one  and  the  sanie  river 
named  Allegheny  near  its  source,  while  lower  down,  for  the  distance 
of  some  40  or  50  miles,  it  is  Allegany,  and  then  again  Allegheny  for 
the  rest  of  its  course.  If  we  have  occasion  to  speak  of  the  moun- 
tains, we  must,  according  to  this  metliod,  call  them  Allegany  in  • 
description  of  New  York  ;  Allegheny  in  an  article  on  Pennsylvania; 
and  Alleghany  in  treating  of  Virginia  or  any  of  the  Southern  o« 
AVestern  States. 


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465 


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Alleghany,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Maryland. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Potomac  River  and  its  North 
Branch.  The  main  Alleghany  Mountain  traverses  this 
county,  the  surface  of  which  is  also  diversified  by  other 
high  ridges.  Here  occur  broad  fertile  valleys  called  r/lades, 
which  are  adapted  to  pasturage  and  supply  superior  butter 
ftnd  mutton.  Among  the  mineral  resources  are  bituminous 
co;  1,  iron  ore,  limestone,  and  sandstone.  In  some  years  over 
2.000,000  tons  of  excellent  coal  are  mined  in  the  Cumberland 
district  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Baltimore 
&  Ohio  Railroad.  Capital,  Cumberland.  In  1872  thedimi-n- 
•  gions  of  this  countj'  were  reduced  by  the  formation  of  Gar- 
reit  CO.  Pop.  in  1870,  38,636;  in  1880,  30,012;  in  1890, 
41,571. 

Alleghany,  or  Allegany,  a  county  in  the  S.AV.  part 
Of  New  York,  bordering  on  Pennsylvania,  has  an  area  of 
about  1000  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Genesee 
River,  which  runs  northward,  and  is  also  drained  by  the 
Canisteo  River  and  Angelica  and  Canaseraga  Creeks.  The 
surface  is  elevated  and  hilly,  with  several  deep  ravines. 
Forests  of  the  ash,  beech,  ehn,  hickory,  white  oak,  pine, 
sugar-maple,  Ac,  cover  more  than  one-third  of  the  county. 
The  soil  is  fertile  and  adapted  to  pasturage.  Hay,  oats, 
cattle,  lumber,  butter,  milk,  and  wool  are  the  staple  products. 
Devonian  sandstones  of  the  Portage  and  Chemung  groups 
crop  out  here.  Some  of  these  are  used  for  building-stones 
and  grindstones.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Erie 
Railroad  and  the  Genesee  Canal.  Capitals,  Belmont  and 
Angelica.  Pop.  in  1870,  40,814;  in  1880,  41,810;  in  18U0, 
43,240. 

Alleghany,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  North  Caro- 
lina, has  an  area  of  about  300  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  New  River.  The  surface  is  mountainous.  The  Blue 
Ridge,  one  of  the  AUeghanies,  extends  along  the  S.E. 
border  of  the  county.  The  soil  produces  some  Indian  corn, 
oats,  Ac.  Capital,  Sparta.  Pop.  in  1870,  3691 ;  in  1880, 
6486;  in  1890,  6523. 

Alleghany,  or  Allegheny,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of 
Pennsylvania,  has  an  area  of  about  750  square  miles.  The 
Alleghany  and  Monongahela  Rivers  unite  near  the  middle 
of  the  county  and  form  the  Ohio,  which  traverses  the  N.W. 
part.  It  is  also  drained  by  the  Youghiogheny  River  and 
Cbartiers  and  Turtle  Creeks.  The  surface  is  diversified  by 
hills,  valleys,  and  deep  ravines,  and  presents  beautiful 
scenery.  The  soil  of  the  S.E.  part  is  based  on  limestone 
and  is  very  fertile.  Oats,  maize,  hay,  butter,  wool,  potatoes, 
horses,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Pitts- 
burg. Pop.  in  1870,  262,204;  in  1880,  355,869;  in  1890, 
651.959. 

Alleghany,  a  county  of  Virginia,  has  an  area  of  about 
500  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Jackson's  River,  a 
branch  of  the  James  River.  On  the  E.  border  of  the  county 
the  Cowpasture  and  Jackson's  Rivers  unite  to  form  the 
James.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  mountains  and  fertile 
valleys,  and  the  main  ridge  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains 
extends  along  the  N.W.  border.  The  Red  Sweet  Springs 
are  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Chesapeake  & 
Ohio  Railroad.  Capital,  Covington.  Pop.  in  1870,3674; 
in  1880,  5586;  in  1890,  9283.   " 

Alleghany,  a  post-village  and  mining-camp  of  Sierra 
CO.,  Cal.,  on  Kanaka  Creek,  about  60  miles  E.N.E.  of  Marys- 
ville.     Pop.  277. 

Alleghany,  or  Allegany,  a  post-village  of  Cattarau- 
gus CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the  New 
York,  Lake  Erie  &  Western  and  the  Western  New  York  & 
Pennsylvania  Railroads,  60  miles  E.S.E.  of  Dunkirk.  It 
contains  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  sash-factory,  and  a  tannery, 
St.  Bonaventure's  College  (Roman  Catholic),  and  a  convent; 
also  2  hotels.     Pop.  in  1890  of  the  township,  3611. 

Alleghany,  a  township  of  Davidson  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  486. 

Alleghany  (or  Allegheny),  a  city  of  Alleghany  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Alleghany  River,  opposite  Pittsburg,  with  which 
it  is  connected  by  several  handsome  bridges.  It  is  the  S.W. 
terminus  of  the  Pittsburg  &  Western  Railroad,  and  is  on 
the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad.  It  has 
many  fine  residences,  numerous  and  extensive  iron-  and 
steel- works,  including  rolling-mills,  locomotive-  and  ma- 
chine-shops, and  foundries,  also  several  cotton-  and  woollen- 
mills,  and  manufactories  of  leather,  flour,  beer,  salt,  &a. 
Alleghany  is  the  seat  of  three  theological  schools,  viz.,  the 
Western  Theological  Seminary  of  the  Presbyterian  Church, 
established  is  1827  ;  the  Theological  Seminary  of  the  United 
Presbyterians,  established  in  1826,  and  the  Alleghany  The- 
ological Institute  (Reformed  Presbyterian),  organized  in 
1840.  There  is  also  the  Western  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, first  established  in  Pittsburg  in  1819,  but  removed 
to  its  fine  edifice  in  this  city  about  1888,  and  here  is  the 


Alleghany  Astronomical  Observatory,  famed  for  its  original 
work  and  discoveries  in  solar  pnysics.  Other  institutions 
of  note  are  the  Carnegie  Free  Library  of  granite,  erected 
at  a  cost  of  $250,000,  with  its  music  hall  and  art  gallery, 
and  the  "Riverside  Penitentiary"  (late  the  Western),  lo- 
cated on  the  bank  of  the  Ohio.  There  are  also  nearly  50 
churches,  4  national  banks,  4  savings-banks,  several  state 
and  private  banks,  a  house  of  industry,  a  widow's  home, 
and  several  convents  and  orphanages,  a  fine  park  (contain- 
ing 100  acres),  water-works,  and  street-railways.  Pop.  in 
I860,  28,702;  in  1870,  63,180;  in  1880,  78,682;  in  1890, 
105,287. 

Alleghany,  or  Allegheny,  a  township  of  Armstrong 
CO.,  Pa.     Pop.  2568,  exclusive  of  Aladdin  and  Leechburg. 

Alleghany,  or  Allegheny,  a  township  of  Blair  co., 
Pa.     Pop.  1913.     It  contains  El  Dorado. 

Alleghany,  or  Allegheny,  a  township  of  Butler  co., 
Pa.     Pop.  890.     It  has  important  coal-mines. 

Alleghany,  or  Allegheny,  a  township  of  Cambria  co., 
Pa.     Pop.  1230,  exclusive  of  a  part  of  Chest  Springs. 

Alleghany,  or  Allegheny,  a  township  of  Potter  co.. 
Pa.     Pop.  625. 

Alleghany,  or  Allegheny,  a  township  of  Somerset 
CO.,  Pa.     Pop.  1133.     It  contains  Fairhope. 

Alleghany,  or  Allegheny,  a  township  of  Venango 
CO.,  Pa.  It  includes  the  village  of  Lambs  and  the  borough 
of  Pleasantville,  and  produces  petroleum.  Pop.,  exclusive 
of  Pleasantville,  1485. 

Alleghany,  or  Allegheny,  a  station  in  Warren  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Philadelphia  A  Erie  Railroad,  63  miles  from 
Erie,  and  3  miles  W.  of  Warren. 

Alleghany,  or  Allegheny,  a  township  of  Westmore- 
land CO.,  Pa.  Pop.  1710.  It  contains  Markle,  and  Garver's 
Ferry. 

Alleghany,  a  village  of  Alleghany  co.,  Vn.,  on  the 
Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  the  White  Sul- 
phur Springs.     Post-ofl!ice,  Alleghany  Station. 

Alleghany,  a  station  of  Montgomery  co.,  Va.,  on  th« 
Atlantic,  Mississippi  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  at  the  village  of 
Shawsville,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Christiansburg. 

Alleghany  (or  Allegheny)  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet 
of  McKean  co..  Pa.,  in  Eldred  township,  on  the  Alleghany 
River,  about  36  miles  N.  of  Emporium.  It  hag  1  church, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber.  The  township  has  14  steam 
saw-mills. 

Alleghany  (or  Allegheny)  Furnace,  a  station  in 
Blair  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Hollidaysburg  Branch  Railroad,  1  mile 
S.  of  Altoona.  Half  a  mile  distant  is  the  hamlet  of  the  same 
name,  the  seat  of  iron-works.     It  is  in  Logan  township. 

Alleghany  (or  Allegheny)  Junction,  a  station  in 
Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Western  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road where  it  crosses  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  near 
the  Alleghany  River,  29  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  is 
called  also  West  Penn  Junction.     See  Ldcesco. 

Alleghany  Mountains,  a  term  of  various  applica- 
tion, sometimes  used  as  synonymous  with  the  Appalachian 
System  (see  Appalachian  Mountains),  but  by  some  writers 
applied  to  that  portion  of  the  system  which  is  comprised 
in  Pennsj'lvania,  Maryland,  Virginia,  West  Virginia,  and 
North  Carolina,  and  which  forms  the  water-shed  between  the 
Atlantic  and  the  Mississippi  River.  In  a  more  restricted 
sense  the  AUeghanies  include  the  mountain-ridges  of 
Pennsylvania,  Maryland,  and  Virginia,  except  the  Kitta- 
tinny  and  South  Mountains  in  Pennsylvania  and  the  Blue 
Ridge  in  Virginia.  These  ridges  are  remarkable  for  their 
parallelism,  regularity,  rectilineal  direction,  and  evenness 
of  outline.  "  These  mountains,"  says  Guyot,  "  are  curved 
into  arches,  either  entire  or  broken  on  the  top,  forming  a 
system  of  long  straight  parallel  ridges  of  about  equal 
height,  with  intervening  trough-like  valleys,  justifying  a 
comp.arison  to  the  folds  of  a  garment.  The  crest  of  the 
ridges,  seen  at  the  horizon,  appears  like  a  uniform,  unin- 
dented  line,  without  sharp  peaks  or  deep  passes.  The  main 
valleys  are  longitudinal,  the  transverse  vallej'S  being  few 
and  unimportant."  The  general  direction  of  the  ridges 
is  nearly  parallel  with  the  Atlantic  coast.  Their  average 
height  in  Pennsylvania  and  Virginia  is  about  2000  or  2400 
feet  above  the  tide.  They  are  composed  of  stratified  rocks 
of  the  Silurian,  Devonian,  and  Carboniferous  ages.  From 
the  absence  of  rocks  more  recent  than  the  coal  formation, 
geologists  infer  that  the  AUeghanies  are  older  than  the 
Alps  or  the  Andes.  Their  original  height  has  been  greatly 
reduced  by  denudation  or  erosion.  They  are  rich  in  coal 
and  iron  ore.  Limestone  is  also  abundant  in  these  moun- 
tains or  in  the  intervening  valleys.  Among  the  valuable 
forest  trees  which  abound  on  them  are  the  beech,  ash,  whit4 
oak,  chestnut,  hickory,  white  pine,  and  wild  cherry. 


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466 


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Alleghany  Spring,  a  poit-offioe  of  Monttjnmery  oo., 
Va.,  SU  ittilea  \V.  by  S.  of  Lynchburg,  and  3  mile*  from 
Alieghnny  Uuilroad  Stntion,  which  ia  on  the  Atlantic,  Mis- 
■iMippi  Jt  Ohio  lUitroiul,  77  miles  W.  of  Lynchburg.  The 
cprings  uHurd  a  highly  useful  saline  water,  und  are  muoh 
losited  in  lummor.    Too  scenery  hero  is  very  fine. 

AlUichany  Station^  Va.    See  Ai.LKunA.Nr. 

Alle^lle,  &l-14'g^  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Bel- 
luno,  on  a.  little  lake,  U  miles  N.  of  Agordo.     Pop.  1250. 

Alletihonyv  Pa.    See  Allbohany. 

Allcgrau'za  (Sp.  AUgrauxa,  &-ld-grin'th&),  the  most 
northern  of  the  Canary  Islands,  10  miles  N.  of  Lanzarote. 
Lot.  2'J°  26'  N.;  Ion.  13°  31'  W.     It  is  on  extinct  volcono. 

Alldgre,  &riaig'r',  a  town  of  Franco,  department  of 
Uaute-Loiro,  12  miles  N.W,  of  Le  Puy.     Pop.  1927. 

Alldgre,a  village  of  France,  department  of  Qard,  7  miles 
6.E.  of  St.  Ambroix.     It  has  mines  of  bitumen.     Pop.  1250. 

Allcgrip'puSy  a  station  in  Blair  oo..  Pa.,  on  the  Ponn- 
•ylvanta  Ilnilroiul,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Altoona. 

Al'Icguash,  a  largo  river  of  Maine,  rises  on  the  border 
of  Somerset  and  Piscataquis  oos.,  flows  S.E.  and  then  N. 
and  N.N.K.,  traversing  many  lakes,  one  of  which  is  called 
by  its  own  name,  and  falls  into  the  Walloostook  or  main  St. 
John,  near  the  N.  border  of  the  state.  Its  valley  is  chiefly 
in  Aroostook  co.,  and  has  very  few  permanent  inhabitants. 
Length,  over  200  miles. 

Allcins,  iriAjj"',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Bouches-du-RhOno,  9  miles  E.  of  Eyguieres.     Pop.  1180. 

Allcmagne  and  Allcmanni.    See  Ukrmanv. 

Allemancc,  al-l?h-mnnce',  a  post-ofiico  of  Guilford  co., 
N.C.,  about  70  miles  W.N.W.  of  Raleigh. 

Alicmance  County.    See  Alamancr. 

AIMcmands',  or  Des  Allcmands,  diz  ari^V- 
m&nds',  a  post^hamlct  of  St.  Charles  parish,  La.,  on  Bayou 
Des  Allcmnnds  and  Morgan's  Louisiana  &  Texas  Rjiilroad, 
32  miles  AV.  of  New  Orleans.  It  has  a  church,  and  manu- 
factures of  cj'press  wooden-ware  and  pirogues  (boats). 

Allcmnnia,  a  hamlet  of  Louisiana.     See  Alemania. 

Al'leinan's,  a  post-village  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.,  in 
Guliuk  township,  about  20  miles  N.  of  Altoona.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  saw-mill.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Allemond-en-Oysans,  irmiNo'-dis-wi^zftN"',  a 
village  of  France,  department  of  Isfire,  in  a  beautiful  val- 
ley, about  18  miles  S.E.  of  Grenoble.     Pop.  1216. 

Al'ien,  a  county  in  the  E.N.E.  part  of  Indiana,  bor- 
dering on  Ohio,  has  an  area  of  about  650  square  miles.  It 
is  drained  by  the  Maumce  River,  and  its  branches,  the  St. 
Joseph  and  tho  St.  Mary,  which  unite  at  Fort  Wayne;  also 
by  the  Aboite  and  Crooked  Creeks  and  Eel  River.  The 
surface  is  level ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Forests  of  the  beech, 
white  ash,  elm,  hickory,  white  oak,  sugar-maple,  black 
walnut,  and  other  trees  cover  one-third  or  more  of  the 
county.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  horses,  cattle,  butter, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Lumber  is  one  of 
the  chief  articles  of  export.  Devonian  rocka  underlie 
part  of  the  soil.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Wabash  &  Erie 
Canal,  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago,  the  Grand 
Hapids  &  Indiana,  and  several  other  railroads,  which  coming 
from  various  directions  meet  at  Fort  Wayne,  the  capital  of 
the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  43,494;  in  1880,  54,763;  in  1890, 
•6,689. 

Allen,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an  area 
of  504  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Neosho  River 
and  drained  by  Deer  and  Elm  Creeks.  The  surface  is 
nearly  level  or  undulating;  the  soil  is  fertile.  A  large 
portion  of  the  county  is  prairie.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats, 
live  stock,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  by  a 
division  of  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Railroad, 
and  by  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railway.  Beds  of  coal  are 
found  here.  Capital,  lola.  Pop.  in  1870,  7022 ;  in  1880, 
11,303;  in  1890,  13,509. 

Allen,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Kentucky,  bordering 
on  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of  about  300  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  Big  Barren  River.  The  surface 
is  nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  moderately  fertile.  Cavernous 
limestone  abounds  in  this  county,  and  salt  springs  are 
found  here.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  tobacco,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Capital,  Scottsville.  Pop.  in  1870, 10,296 ; 
in  1 8811.  12,089;  in  1890,  13,692. 

Allen,  a  county  in  the  W.N.W.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an 
area  of  about  400  square  ii.iles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Auglaize  and  Ottawa  Rivers.  The  surface  is  nearly  level, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  ash, 
beech,  elm,  sugar-maple,  and  oak  abound.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile. Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  butter,  horses,  and  wool  are 
tbe  staple  products.    Upper  Silurian  limestone  of  the  Ilel- 


derborg  or  water-lime  group  underlies  nearly  all  of  thit 
county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wuyno  A 
Chicago  and  the  Dayton  k  Michigan  Railroads:  also  bv 
the  Miami  A  Erie  Canal.  Capital,  Lima.  Pop.  in  1870, 
23,623;  in  1880,  31,314;  in  1890,  40,644. 

Allen,  a  station  in  De  Kalb  oo.,  Ala.,  6  miles  by  rail 
N.E.  of  Fort  Payne. 

Allen,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gunnison  oo.,  Col.,  about  30 
miles  S.W.  of  Gunnison,  and  near  Gate  City  Station. 

Allen,  a  post-township  of  La  Salle  oo..  III.,  about  18 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Ottawa.  It  has  a  church.  Coal  is  found 
here.     Pop.  877. 

Allen,  a  township  of  McLean  co.,  III.  Pop.  1224.  I| 
contains  Stamford. 

Allen,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1042. 

Allen,  a  towmhip  of  Noble  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1764.  It 
contains  Avilla  and  Lisbon. 

Allen,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  90. 

Allen,  a  township  of  Polk  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop.  630.  II 
contains  Avon  Station. 

Allen,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa,  contiguous  to 
Allen  in  Polk  co.     Pop.  869.     It  contains  Carlisle. 

Allen,  a  township  of  Jewell  co.,  Kiinsas.     Pop,  789. 

Allen,  a  post-village  of  Lyon  co.,  Kansas,  19  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Osage  City,  and  19  miles  E.  of  Council  Grove, 
It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  and  a  newspaper  office^ 
Pop.  about  200. 

Allen,  a  post-village  of  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.,  in  Allen 
township,  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Hillsdale,  and  1  milo  from 
Allen  Station  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern. 
Railroad.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  union  school,  a  flour< 
mill,  Ac.     Pop.  about  700  ;  of  the  township,  1604. 

Allen,  a  township  of  Worth  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1352. 

Allen,  a  post-township  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  56  milet 
S.E.  of  Bufl°alo.     It  contains  4  churches.     Pop.  777. 

Allen,  a  township  of  Darke  co.,  0.     Pop.  781. 

Allen,  a  township  of  Hancock  co.,  0.  Pop.  969.  It 
contains  Van  Bnren. 

Allen,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  0.  Pop.  1198.  It  con* 
tains  Pottersburg. 

Allen,  a  post-ofi&ce  of  Cumberland  oo.,  Pa.,  at  Church*, 
town. 

Allen,  a  township  of  Northampton  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  815. 

Allen,  a  station  in  Susquehanna,  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Mon* 
trose  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Montrose. 

Allen,  a  township  of  Washington  co..  Pa.  It  contains 
AUenport.  Much  bituminous  coal  and  excellent  glass-sand 
are  here  obtained.     Pop.  815. 

Allen,  a  post-hamlet  of  Collin  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Houston 
A  Texas  Central  Railroad,  24  miles  N.  of  Dallas.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  cotton-gin. 

Allen,  Bog  of.     See  Boo  op  Allen. 

Allenburg,  il'l^n-bofiRO^  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  on 
the  Alle,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Konigsberg.     Pop.  2426. 

Allenburg,  a  town  of  Hungary,  on  the  Koros. 

Al'len  Centre,  a  post-ofiice  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  is 
in  Allen  township,  about  55  miles  S.E.  of  Buflalo. 

Allen  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Oceana  co.,  Mich.,  21 
miles  E.  of  Pentw.ater. 

AlMendale',  a  town  and  parish  of  England,  co.  of 
Northumberland,  33  miles  E.  of  Carlisle,  on  the  East  Allen. 
Tho  inhabitants  are  employed  principally  in  the  lead-minefl 
in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  of  parish,  5397. 

Al'lendale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Solano  co.,  Cal.,  on  thei 
Vaca  Valley  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Vacaville. 

Allendale,  a  post-village  of  Wabash  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Cairo  A  Vincennes  Railroad,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Vinccnnes. 
It  has  a  church,  a  flouring-mill,  3  warehouses,  and  3  gen- 
eral stores.     Laid  out  in  1870.     Pop.  about  200. 

Allendale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Green  co.,  Ky.,  about  70" 
miles  S.  of  Louisville. 

Allendale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich.,  20 
miles  E.  of  Grand  Haven,  and  about  75  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Lansing.  It  is  in  Allendale  township.  It  has  a  church  and' 
a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  767. 

Allendale,  a  post-village  of  Worth  co..  Mo.,  in  Smith 
township,  35  miles  from  Hopkins,  and  about  66  miles 
N.N.E.  of  St.  Joseph.  It  has  a  graded  school.  Pop. 
about  200.  I 

Allendale,  the  station  name  of  Allenwood,  N.J. 

Allendale,  a  post-haralet  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  on  thflj 
Erie  Railroad,  25  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City.  It  has  2  or  3 
churches,  a  woollen-mill,  Ac. 

Allendale,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  14  miltii 
S.  of  Watertown. 

Allendale,  a  village  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  in  Nortlr 
Providence  township,  on  the  Providence  A  Springfield  Rail- 


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road,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Providence.  It  has  a  church,  and 
manufactures  of  Allendale  sheetings  and  quilts.  The  near- 
est post-office  is  Centredale.     Pop.  203. 

Allendale,  a  post-village  in  Barnwell  co.,  S.C.,  53  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Augusta,  Ga.  It  has  8  churches,  a  bank, 
graded  schools  for  white  and  colored,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  a  carriage  factory.     Pop.  of  Allendale  township,  3144. 

Allendale,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  on  an 
arm  of  Lake  Simcoe,  and  on  the  Northern  Kailway,  63  miles 
N.N.W.  from  Toronto.     Pop.  200. 

Allendorf,  irien-donf\  a  town  of  Prussia,  on  the 
Werra,  24  miles  E.  of  Casscl.  Some  wine  and  silk  are  pro- 
duced, and  a  good  deal  of  tobacco  is  raised  and  manufac- 
tured. Pop.  2907.  Allcndorf  is  likewise  the  name  of  numer- 
ous villages  in  Hesse,  Prussia,  and  other  parts  of  Germany. 

Al'Icuford',  a  post-village  in  Bruce  co.,  Ontario,  Can- 
ada, 13  J  miles  from  Owen  Sound.     Pop.  150. 

AlMenport',  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Allen  township,  on  the  Monongahela  River,  about  30  miles 
S.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  church.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Al'lens,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richmond  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Augusta  Branch  of  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia,  about 
15  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Augusta. 

Allen's,  a  post-office  of  Miami  co.,  0.,  is  at  Lena,  a  ham- 
let on  the  Pan  Handle  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of  Piqua. 

Allen's,  a  station  in  Lycoming  eo..  Pa.,  on  the  Phila- 
delphia &  Erie  Railroad,  2  miles  E.  of  Williamsport. 

Allen's,  a  station  in  Houston  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Galves- 
ton, Houston  &  Henderson  Railroad,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Houston. 

Al'lensburg,  a  village  of  Highland  co.,  0.,  about  44 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati. 

Allen's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Ind. 

Allen's  Creek,  N.Y.,  rises  in  Wyoming  co.,  runs 
northeastward  through  Genesee  co.,  and  enters  the  Genesee 
Eiver  in  Monroe  co.     Length,  about  50  miles. 

Allen's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Amherst  co.,  Va.,  on 
Ae  James  River,  10  miles  from  Amherst  Court-llouse. 

Allen's  Cross  Roads,  a  hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  A''a., 
on  the  Shenandoah  River,  about  28  miles  S.  of  Winchester. 

Allen's  Fac'tory,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Ala., 
3d  miles  S.  of  Tuscumbia.  It  has  a  church  and  a  manu- 
lactory  of  cotton  yarn. 

Allen's  F  re  sh ,  a  post-village  of  Charles  co.,  Md.,  about 
34  miles  S.  of  Washington,  D.C.     It  has  2  churches. 

Allen's  Grove,  a  township  of  Mason  co..  111.  Pop. 
1199.     It  contains  the  villages  of  Natrona  and  San  Jose. 

Allen's  Grove,  a  post-township  of  Scott  co.,  Iowa,  is 
traversed  by  the  Davenport  dfc  St.  Paul  Railroad,  about  20 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Davenport.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by 
the  Wapsipinicon  River.     Pop.  684. 

Allen's  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Walworth  co.,  Wis., 
in  Darien  township,  on  the  AVestern  Union  Railroad,  15 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Beloit,  and  5  miles  from  Clinton.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  about  250. 

Allen's  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Richmond  township,  about  25  miles  S.  by  E.  from  Rochester. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  steam  flour-mill,  saw-mill,  Ac. 

Allen's  Isle,  an  island  at  the  head  of  the  Gulf  of  Car- 
pentaria, in  Australia.     Lat.  17°  5'  S.;  Ion.  139°  25'  E. 

Allen's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Pa.,  on 
Mill  Creek,  about  11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Brookville. 

Allen  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lake  co.,  Cal.,  about 
15  miles  N.E.  of  Lakeport. 

Allen  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Ky.,  15 
miles  S.E.  of  Bowling  Green.     It  has  2  churches. 

Allen's  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pope  co..  111.,  10 
miles  W.  of  Golconda. 

Allen's  Station,  in  Haywood  co.,  Tcnn.,  is  on  the 
Louisville  &  Memphis  Railroad,  64  miles  N.E.  of  Memphis. 

Allenstein,  il'l^n-stine^  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  on 
the  A  lie,  65  miles  S.  of  Konigsberg.     Pop.  5529. 

Al'lenstown,  a  post-township  and  station  of  Merrimac 
CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Suneook  Valley  Railroad,  8  miles  S.E.  of 
Concord.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Mer- 
rimac River,  and  has  a  cotton-factory.     Pop.  (1890)  1405. 

Al'lensville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Switzerland  co.,  Ind., 
12  miles  N.  of  Vevey. 

Allensvillc,  a  post-village  of  Todd  co.,  Ky.,  43  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Bowling  Green.  It  has  5  churches,  2  car- 
riage-shops, a  bank,  public  school,  a  flour-mill,  and  2  hotels. 
Pop.  about  800. 

Allensville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Person  eo.,  N.C.,  5  miles 
E.  of  Roxborough. 

Allensville,  a  post- village  of  Vinton  eo.,  0.,  in  Rich- 
land township,  about  22  miles  E.  of  Chillieothe.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  woollen-factory. 

Allensville,  a  post- village  of  Menno  township,  Mifflin 


CO.,  Pa.,  10  miles  from  Mill  Creek.  It  has  3  churches  and 
a  woollen-mill.     Pop.  about  300. 

Al'Ienton,  a  post-village  of  Wilcox  co.,  Ala.,  about  60 
miles  S.W.  of  Montgomery.  It  is  on  the  Selma  <fc  Gulf 
Railroad,  35  miles  S.  of  Selma.     It  has  3  churches. 

Allenton,  a  post- village  of  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri  &  Pacific  Railroad,  33  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Louis. 
It  has  a  church. 

Allenton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Robeson  co.,  N.C.,  62  mile8 
W.N.W.  of  Wilmington. 

Allenton,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  R.I.,  in 
North  Kingston,  22  miles  S.  of  Providence.  It  has  a 
church,  a  carriage-shop,  and  cotton  and  woollen  manufac- 
tories.    Pop.  about  500. 

AllentoAvn,  a  post-village  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  in 
U[>per  Freehold  township,  2i  miles  from  Newtown  Station  of 
the  Camden  &  Amboy  Railroad,  and  about  12  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Trenton.  It  has  6  churches,  a  fine  public  school-house, 
and  2  grist-mills.     Pop.  about  1400. 

Allentown,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
the  midst  of  a  productive  oil  field,  10  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of 
Wellsville.     Pop.  about  400. 

Allentown,  a  post- village  of  Allen  co.,  0.,  on  Ottawa 
River,  2i  miles  from  Elida  Railroad  Station,  and  about  88 
miles  N.W.  of  Columbus.     It  has  3  churches. 

Allentown,  a  handsome  city,  capital  of  Lehigh  co.. 
Pa.,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Lehigh  River,  and  on  the 
Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  about  60  miles  N.  by  W.  from 
Philadelphia,  90  miles  E.N.E.  of  Harrisburg,  and  16  miles 
S.W.  of  Easton.  It  is  the  E.  terminus  of  the  East  Penn- 
sylvania Branch  of  the  Reading  Railroad.  The  Lehigh 
<fc  Susquehanna  Railroad  passes  along  the  other  side  of  the 
river.  Allentown  is  built  on  high  ground  and  is  surrounded 
by  a  beautiful  and  fertile  country.  The  houses  are  mostly 
built  of  brick  and  stone.  The  streets  are  wide,  straight, 
and  lighted  with  electricity  and  gas.  It  has  about  25 
churches,  2  high  schools,  2  national  banks,  a  trust  company, 
3  daily  and  6  weekly  papers,  of  which  4  are  in  German. 
Here  is  Muhlenberg  College,  which  is  under  the  direction  of 
the  Lutherans;  also  Allentown  Female  College.  The  pros- 
perity of  the  city  is  largely  derived  from  the  manufacture 
of  pig  iron  and  forged  and  rolled  iron.  Here  are  several 
extensive  furnaces,  rolling-mills,  forges,  and  iron-foundries. 
Pop.  in  1860,  8025;  in  1880,  18,063;  in  1890,  25,228. 

Al'lenville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cape  Girardeau  co..  Mo., 
on  the  St.  Louis  <fe  Iron  Mountain  Railroad,  148  miles  S.  by 
E.  of  St.  Louis.     It  has  a  church  and  4  stores. 

Allenville,  a  village  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  in  Smith- 
field  township,  on  the  Providence  &  Springfield  Railroad,  3 
miles  N.W.  of  Providence.  It  has  a  cotton-mill  and  a 
church.     Pop.  185. 

Al'lenwood,  a  post-office  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  and 
a  station  on  the  Farmingdale  &  Squan  Village  Railroad,  5 
miles  from  Farmingdale,  and  3  miles  from  Manasquan. 

Allenwood,  a  post-village  of  Union  co..  Pa.,  22  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Williamsport.  It  has  a  church,  public  school, 
planing-mill,  <Sso.     Pop.  about  300. 

Aller,  il'l?r,  a  navigable  river  of  Germany,  rises  near 
Magdeburg,  Prussia,  flows  N.AV.,  and  joins  the  Weser  on 
the  right.     Length,  about  130  miles. 

Al'ler,  a  parish  and  village  of  England,  co.  of  Somerset, 
6J  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Somerton.     Pop.  533. 

Al'lerdale,  the  name  of  two  of  the  five  wards  into 
which  the  county  of  Cumberland,  England,  is  divided  :  they 
together  return  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Allerona,  S.l-li-ro'n4,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Umbria,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Orvieto.     Pop.  1260. 

Al'lerton,  a  station  in  Piatt  co.,  111.,  26  miles  by  rail 
W.  by  S.  of  Champaign. 

Allerton,  a  post-village  of  Vermilion  co..  III.,  on  the 
Chicago  &  East  Illinois  Railroad,  29  miles  S.W.  of  Danville. 

Allerton,  a  post-village  in  M^arren  township,  Wayne 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad, 
29  miles  W.  of  Centreville.  It  has  2  banks,  5  churches,  a 
high  school,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  807. 

Allestar,  Allistar,  or  Alistar,  S,ries-tan',  a  town  in 
the  peninsula  of  Malacca,  kingdom  of  Queda,  on  the  Queda 
River.     It  once  contained  2000  houses. 

Allevard,  ilVan',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Iscre,  23  miles  N.E.  of  Grenoble,  on  the  Breda.  It  has 
important  iron-mines.  Near  it  are  the  ruins  of  the  chateau 
Bayard,  where  was  born,  in  1476,  the  chevalier  Bayard, 
"  sans  peur  et  sans  reproche."     Pop.  2051. 

Al'leyton,  a  post-village  of  Newaygo  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Everett  township,  on  White  River,  and  on  the  Chicago, 
Michigan  &  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  29  miles  N.E.  of  Mus- 
kegon, and  11  miles  N.  of  Newaygo.     It  has  3  churches,  t 


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biuikt,  a  union  school,  nnd  manufactories  of  pino  lumber, 
■Mh,  and  blinds.     I'up.  about  40U. 

AllcytOUv  a  post-villAgo  of  Colorado  CO.,  Tex.,  on  tlie  Col- 
orndo  Kivcr,  and  the  Uiilvcston,  Harrisburg  &  San  Antonio 
Kuilroiid,  2i  miles  K.  of  Columbus.     It  bus  an  active  trndu. 

Alli'ancet  a  post-town  of  Boxbutte  co.,  Nob.,  300  miles 
by  rail  W.  by  N.  from  Lincoln.  The  (general  diviBton  of 
the  great  liurlingtun  system  is  luciitvd  here.  It  has  5 
churches,  4  bauks,  a  graded  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
flouring-mill,  machine-shops,  &o.     Pop.  about  1200. 

Alliancey  a  flourishing  city  and  railroad  centre  ofStark 
00.,  O.,  on  the  Mahoning  River,  and  on  4  railroads,  57  miles 
S.8.K.  of  Cleveland,  and  83  miles  W.N.W.  of  Pittsburg. 
Two  daily  papers  with  weekly  editions  are  published  bore. 
Alliance  bos  a  national  bank,  2  other  banks,  15  churches, 
a  high  school,  a  rolling-mill,  white-lead  works,  bagging- 
fuctory,  Ac.  It  is  1  mile  from  Mount  Union  College.  Pop. 
in  1860,  1421  ;  in  1870,  4063 ;  in  1880,  4636  ;  in  1890,  7607. 

AllieFf  ilMe-i'  (anc.  Ela'ver),  a  river  of  France,  rises 
in  the  forest  of  Mercoire,  and,  flowing  N.N.W.,  falls  into 
the  Loire  about  4  miles  W.  of  Nevers.     Length,  260  miles. 

Allicr,  a  department  in  the  central  part  of  France, 
bordering  on  the  Loire,  and  intersected  by  the  river  Allier, 
from  which  it  takes  its  name.  The  surface  is  undulating, 
und  the  soil  generally  fertile.  Timber,  wool,  cattle,  wheat, 
and  leather  arc  exported  largely.  The  vine  is  but  little 
cultivated.  Alines  of  iron,  coal,  and  antimony,  marble-  and 
granite-quarries,  and  porcelain-clay  pits  are  worked.  Two 
canals  and  several  railways  traverse  the  department.  Area, 
2762  square  miles.     Pop.  in  1891,  424,382. 

Allit'ief  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Alife. 

Al'IigaHor,  a  river  of  North  Carolina,  is  an  inlet  which 
extends  from  Albemarle  Sound  southward  into  Tyrrel  oo., 
and  into  the  Alligator  Swamp. 

Alligator,  a  township  of  Tyrrel  co.,  N.C.  It  has  4 
churches  and  3  stores.     Pop.  778. 

Alligator,  a  township  of  Chesterfield  oo.,  S.C.  Pop. 
659. 

Alligator  Lake,  a  lake  of  North  Carolina,  in  the  Great 
Swamp,  or  pocoson,  of  Hyde  co. 

Alligator  Reef,  off  the  S.  coast  of  Florida,  about  30 
miles  S.E.  of  Cape  Sable.     It  has  a  light-house. 

Alligator's  Rivers  (South  and  East),  two  rivers  of 
North  Australia,  which  flow  into  Van  Diemon's  Gulf  at  a 
distance  from  each  other  of  about  20  miles. 

Alligator  Swamp,  an  extensive  marshy  tractin  North 
Carolina,  occupying  a  great  part  of  the  peninsula  between 
Pamlico  and  Albemarle  Sounds.     Area,  3000  square  miles. 

Al'ligerville,  a  village  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  6  miles  W, 
of  Iloscndale,  and  1  mile  from  Kyserike.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  250. 

Alligny,  8,ric€n*yee',  a  market-town  of  France,  in 
NiSvre,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Chateau-Chinon.     Pop.  2530. 

Allinge,  ^I'ling-gh^h,  a  village  of  Denmark,  with  a 
■mall  haven,  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  liornholm.     Pop.  650. 

Allipha,  the  ancient  name  of  Alifb. 

Al'li80ii,or  Cen'treville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence 
CO.,  111.,  in  Allison  township,  6  miles  from  Vincennes,  Ind. 
It  has  2  churches.     Here  is  Allison  Post-Oflice. 

Allison,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Butler  co.,  Iowa,  23 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Wavcrly.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
and  a  newspaper.     Pop.  500. 

Allison,  a  post-village  of  Decatur  oo.,  Kansas,  about 
86  miles  W.  of  Phillipsburg.     Pop.  125. 

AlUiso'nia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pulaski  co.,  Va.,  12  miles 
from  Martin's  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  forge  which  pro- 
duces bar-iron  from  the  hematite  ore  found  here. 

Al'lison  Ranch,  a  village  of  Nevada  co.,  Cal.,  3  miles 
from  Grass  Valley.  Here  are  rich  quartz  gold-mines  and  a 
stamp-mill. 

Al'lison's,  a  station  in  Washington  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Chartiers  llailroad,  25  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pittsburg. 

Al'lisonville,  a  post-village  in  Prince  Edward  co., 
Ontario,  12  miles  W.  of  Picton.     Pop.  150. 

Allistar,  a  town  of  Malacca.    See  Allestar. 

Alliste,  il-lees'ti,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Otranto, 
11  miles  S.S.E.  of  Gallipoli.     Pop.  1620. 

Al'liston,  apost-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  17  miles 
B.S.W,  of  Gilford.  It  contains  4  churches,  2  banks,  a  saw- 
mill, foundry,  telegraph  office,  <tc.     Pop.  about  1600. 

Allivioni  Canibio,  il-lee'vee-o'nee  kim'bi-o,  a  vil- 
lage of  Italy,  province  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  1860. 

Alli-Yar-ka-Tanda.    See  Ai,la-Yau-ka-Ta\da. 

All'mantown,  a  village  of  Jamaica,  near  Kingston, 
the  capital.     Pop.  1276. 

Alloa,  al'lo-a,  a  seaport,  market-town,  and  parish  of 
Scotland,  county  of  Clackmannan,  on  the  Forth,  at  the 


head  of  its  firth.  25  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  E«linbiirgh. 
Pop.  of  town,  0362.  In  the  harbor,  shins  lie  beside  a  stona 
quay  in  24  feet  of  water  at  spring  tides.  11  ere  are  ship-build- 
ing yanls,  a  wet  and  a  dry  dock,  tile-works,  glass-works, 
and  extensive  collieries,  distilleries,  and  breweries.  Cotton, 
linen,  and  woollen  goods,  and  castings,  are  produced.  Chief 
imports,  flax,  linseed,  grain,  timber,  and  iron.  Alloa  ii 
supposed  to  be  on  the  site  of  the  Alati'iia  of  Ptolemy. 

Allo'a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co..  Wis.,  8  milea 
from  Portage,  and  about  30  miles  N.  by  W.  from  Madison. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  store. 

Allodia,  the  Latin  for  Les  Alluks. 

Allonby,  il'lon-be,  a  ehapelry  of  England,  co.  of  Cum- 
berland, on  Solway  Firth,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cockermouth, 
Pop.  592. 

Allonne,  &lM5n',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Deux-S6vres,  20  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Niort.     Pop.  1900. 

Allonne,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Oise,  3 
miles  S.E.  of  Beauvais.     Pop.  1600. 

Allonnes-8ur-Montsoreau,MMCn'sUrm6N<>^8o'n6', 
a  village  of  France,  de]>artment  of  Maine-ct-Loire,  7  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Saumur.     Pop.  2320. 

Alios,  &rios',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Basses- 
Alpes,  10  miles  S.  of  Barcelonnctte.     Pop.  1205. 

Allouagne,  aPloo'ifi',  a  village  of  France,  in  Pas-de- 
Calftis,  0  miles  W.  of  Boulogne.     Pop.  1450. 

Alloue,  irioo',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Charente,  36  miles  from  Angoulume.     Pop.  1500. 

Allouez,  al'loo-a,  a  post-township  of  Keweenaw  co., 
Mich.,  on  or  near  Lake  Superior,  4  miles  from  Calumet 
llailroad  Station.  It  has  rich  mines  of  copper,  and  2 
churches.     Pop.  about  1200. 

Allouez,  a  township  of  Brown  co..  Wis.  Pop.  in  1875, 
279. 

Allonville-Bellefosse,  iriooVeel'  bsrfos',  a  village 
of  Franco,  in  Seine-Infcrieuro,  4  miles  W.S.W.  of  Yvetot. 
Pop.  1200.  Here  is  an  enormous  hollow  oak,  with  a  chapel 
in  its  trunk. 

Al'loway  (formerly  Al'lowaystown),  a  post-village 
of  Salem  co.,  N.J.,  on  Alloway's  Creek,  nt  the  head  of  navi- 
gation, 6  miles  E.  by  S.  from  Salem,  and  1  mile  S.  of  the 
Salem  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches,  2  public  schools,  2  mills, 
and  a  factory  for  canning  fruits.     Pop.  about  600. 

Alloway,  a  hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  2i  miles  S.  of 
Lyons.    It  has  a  flour-mill,  asaw-tuill,  and  2  carriage-shops. 

Alloway  (or  Alloway's)  Creek,  of  Salem  co.,  N.J., 
flows  into  the  Delaware  River,  6  miles  S.  of  Salem. 

Al'loway  Kirk,  Ruins  of,  the  scene  of  Burns's  poem 
of  Tain  O'Shanter,  near  the  cottage  in  which  the  poet  was 
born,  2J  miles  S.  of  Ayr.  On  the  banks  of  the  Doon, 
about  one-fourth  of  a  mile  from  the  ruin,  is  an  elegant 
monument  in  honor  of  Burns. 

All'right  Island,  one  of  the  Magdalen  Islands,  in  the 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence.     Area,  8600  acres.     Pop.  838. 

All-Saints  Ray,  or  Bahia  de  Todos  os  San- 
tos, bi-ee'i  di  to'doce  oce  sin'toce,  a  bay  on  the  coast  of 
Brazil,  province  of  Bahia.  Lat.  13°  10'  S. ;  Ion.  38°  50'  W. 
It  has  two  entrances,  surrounding  the  island  of  Itapariea. 
The  bay  is  from  90  to  100  miles  in  circuit,  and  in  it  the 
largest  fleet  may  ride  in  safety. 

Alls'borough,  a  post-oflice  of  Colbert  co.,  Ala. 

Allschwyl,  il'sh^il,  or  Allschweiler,  il'sh^I-I^r,  a 
village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Baselland,  on  the  frontier 
of  Alsace.     Pop.  1268. 

AllstHdt,  ill'stdtt,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Baxe- Weimar, 
25  miles  W.S.W.  of  Halle.     Pop.  3164. 

All'ston,  Suffolk  CO.,  Mass.,  is  in  the  25th  ward  of 
Boston,  on  the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad,  3i  miles  W.  of 
the  initial  station.  It  is  on  the  S.  or  right  bank  of  Charles 
River.  It  has  several  churches  and  hotels,  a  pottery,  and 
some  car-shops  of  the  railroad.  It  is  noted  for  its  good 
streets,  and  is  popular  as  a  suburban  drive. 

Al'lum  Bay,  a  harbor  of  the  Isle  of  Wight,  England. 
Lat.  of  light-house,  50°  39'  54"  N. ;  Ion.  1°  33'  55"  W. 

Allumettc  (&riu-met')  Island,  or  Adams,  or  Cha- 
peau,  a  post-village  in  Pontiac  co.,  Quebec,  on  an  island 
in  the  Ottawa  River,  8  miles  from  Pembroke.  Pop.  250. 
The  island  (Ile  des  Allumettes)  is  about  15  miles  long, 
and  has  on  its  W.  side  a  great  expansion  of  the  river,  called 
AUumctte  Lake.  Area  of  the  island,  70  square  miles.  Pop. 
1500. 

Allumiere,  il-loo-mJ-i'ri,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
of  Rome,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Civita  Vecchia.     Pop.  1450. 

Alluy,  iriwce',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Ni^vre,  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chateau-Chinon.     Pop.  1280. 

All'wood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Amherst  co.,  Va.,  15  milee 
from  Amherst  Court-House.    It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 


ALL 


469 


ALM 


Ally^  firiee',  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Cantal,  8 
miles  N.E.  of  Plcaux.     It  has  a  mineral  spring.     Pop.  1160. 

Allyghur,  a  district  of  India.     See  Alighur. 

Allygunj,  a  town  of  India.    See  Aligunge. 

Allyii's  (al'lina)  Pointy  in  Ledyard  township,  New 
London  CO.,  Conn.,  is  a  terminus  of  the  Norwich  &  Worcester 
Railroad.  It  is  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Thames  River,  7  miles 
S.  of  Norwich,  and  is  a  landing-place  for  steamers. 

Alma,  &l'm&,  a  little  river  of  Russia,  in  the  Crimea, 
flows  W.,  and  falls  into  tho  sea  about  20  miles  N.  of  Sevas- 
topol. It  is  celebrated  foravictory  of  the  allied  French,  Eng- 
lish, and  Turkish  troops  over  the  Russians,  Sept.  20,  1854. 

Al'ma^  a  post-town  of  Crawford  co.,  Ark.,  on  the  Little 
Rock  &  Fort  Smith  Railroad,  near  the  foot  of  the  Ozark 
Mountains,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Fort  Smith.  It  has  6  churches, 
a  bank,  2  academies,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  1200. 

Alma,  a  post-village  of  Santa  Clara  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  about  15  miles  S.W.  of  San  Jose. 

Alma,  a  mining  post-village  of  Park  co.,  Col.,  on  the 
Platte  River,  in  the  South  Park,  about  90  miles  S.W.  of 
Denver.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
large  smelting-works.  Ilere  are  rich  mines  of  gold,  silver, 
and  copper.     Elevation,  10,453  feet.     Pop.  about  500. 

Alma,  a  post-village  of  Alma  township,  Marion  co., 
111.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  234  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Chicago.     Pop.  of  township,  794.     It  has  2  churches. 

Alma,  a  village  of  St.  Clair  co..  111.,  on  the  Ohio  <fc  Mis- 
sissippi Railroad,  15  miles  E.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  pottery,  a  brick-yard,  and  a  coal-mine. 

Alma,  a  city  of  the  third  class,  capital  of  Wabaunsee 
CO.,  Kansas,  is  on  Mill  Creek,  and  on  3  railroads,  30  miles 
W.  by  S.  from  Topeka.  It  has  5  churches,  3  newspaper 
offices,  a  state  bank,  a  high  school,  a  fiouring-mill,  and  a 
manufactory  of  salt.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Alma,  a  flourishing  post-village  of  Gratiot  CO.,  Mich., 
on  Pine  River,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Ithaca,  and  37  miles  by  rail 
W.  of  Saginaw  City.  It  has  6  churches,  2  banks,  a  graded 
school,  a  large  flouring-mill,  foundry,  woollen-mill,  saw- 
mill, a  sanitarium,  and  2  newspaper  offices.    P.  about  1700. 

Alma,  or  Black  Creek,  a  hamlet  of  Eggleston  town- 
ship, Muskegon  co.,  Mich.,  6  miles  from  Norton  Railroad 
Station.     It  has  a  saw-  and  shingle-mill,  and  a  hotel. 

Alma,  a  post-village  of  Lafayette  co.,  Mo.,  10  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Iligginsville.     Pop.  200. 

Alma,  a  city,  capital  of  Harlan  co..  Neb.,  46  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Red  Cloud.  It  has  6  churches,  3  banks,  a  high 
school,  and  3  newspapers.     Pop.  1200. 

Alma,  a  post-village  of  Socorro  co.,  New  Mexico,  about 
60  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Silver  City. 

Alma,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Alma 
township,  14  miles  S.  of  Belmont.  It  has  2  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  of  township,  803. 

Alma,  a  post- village  of  Robeson  co.,  N.C.,  2  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Maxton. 

Alma,  a  post- hamlet  of  Cavalier  co.,  N.D.,  about  15 
miles  S.E.  of  Langdon. 

Alma,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pago  co.,  Va.,  15  miles  from 
Newmarket.     It  has  a  church. 

Alma,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Buffalo  co.,  Wis.,  is  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Buffalo  River, 
about  50  miles  N.W.  of  La  Crosse,  and  9  miles  below  Wa- 
basha. It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  graded  school, 
4  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  machinery,  brick, 
and  flour.     Pop.  in  1880,  1244 ;  in  1890,  1428. 

Alma,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Wis.  It  contains 
Merrillan  and  Alma  Centre.     Pop.  1319. 

Alma,  a  post-village  in  Pictou  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  5  miles 
from  Stellarton.     It  contains  an  axe-factory.     Pop.  100. 

Alma,  a  post-village  in  Wellington  co.,  Ontario,  23  miles 
by  rail  from  Guclph.  It  contains  saw-  and  planing-mills, 
and  a  shingle-factory.     Pop.  350. 

Alma  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  AVis.,  in 
Alma  township,  on  the  Green  Bay  &  Minnesota  Railroad,  4 
miles  W.  of  Merrillan,  and  62  miles  N.E.  of  Winona.  It 
has  a  church.     Pop.  about  250. 

Almachar,  il-m&-chan',  a  town  of  Spain,  In  Granada, 
18  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Malaga.     Pop.  2409. 

Alma  City,  a  post-village  of  Waseca  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Freedom  township,  on  the  Le  Sueur  River,  about  20  miles 
B.E.  of  Mankato.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Almada,  il-mi'di,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Estremadura, 
on  the  Tagus,  opposite  Lisbon.  It  has  a  castle  on  a  rock,  a 
hospital  for  seamen,  and  depots  for  wine.     Pop.  4011. 

Alraa-Dagh,  ll'mi-dao',  or  Akma-Dagh,  &k'mi- 
dJo'  (anc.  Ama'nus),  a  range  of  mountains  in  Asiatic  Tur- 
key, is  a  branch  of  the  Taurus  system,  forming  the  N. 
boundary  of  Syria.     Length,  160  miles;  width,  30  miles. 


Almaden,  &,l-m&-i>in',  or  Almaden  del  Azogue, 

il-mi-D^n'  dfil  i-tho'gi  {i.e.,  "  the  mines  of  quicksilver"), 
a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  in  the  Sierra  Morena,  65 
miles  by  rail  S.AV.  of  Ciudad  I^eal.  Pop.  7421.  It  has  an 
extensive  practical  school  of  mines,  2  Latin  schools,  and  3 
hospitals.  The  quicksilver-mines  of  Almaden  are  exceed- 
ingly rich ;  they  are  "  most  curious  for  their  natural  history, 
and  the  most  ancient  in  the  known  world."  About  5000 
men  are  employed  in  and  about  the  mines. 

Almaden,  S,l-m3,-den',  a  township  of  Santa  Clara  co., 
Cal.     It  contains  New  Almaden.     Pop.  1647. 

Almaden  de  la  Plata,  &l-ina.-i)6n'  Ah,  liplil'til  {i.e., 
"the  mines  of  silver;"  anc.  Sis'apnn  or  Sin'opo),  a  town 
of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Seville.  Pop. 
1075.     Silver-mines  were  formerly  worked  in  its  vicinity. 

Almadenejos,  3,l'mi-i)A,-ni'Hos,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
La  Mancha,  6  miles  from  Almaden,  on  tho  railway  from  Bada- 
jos  to  Ciudad  Real.  It  has  quicksilver-mines.  Pop.  1700. 
Almadia  (il-mi-dce'i)  Islets,  a  ledge  of  black  rocks 
running  out  from  the  extreme  point  of  Cape  Verde.  Lat. 
14°  44'  30"  N, ;  Ion.  17°  35'  AV. 

Almagro,  5.1-m3,'gro,  a  city  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile, 
12  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  from  Ciudad  Real.  It  is  well  built, 
has  spacious,  well-paved  streets,  a  fine  square,  a  town-hall, 
hospitals,  <tc.  It  has  Latin,  normal,  and  primary  schools. 
The  inhabitants  are  engaged  in  distilling  brandy,  manufac- 
turing soap,  gypsum,  and  earthenware,  and  making  lace: 
this  last  trade  occupies  no  less  than  8000  females  in  this 
and  the  neighboring  towns  and  villages.     Pop.  10,300. 

Almaguer,  dl-mi-gain',  a  town  of  the  United  States 
of  Colombia,  state  of  Cauca,  40  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Popayan, 
on  a  table-land  7440  feet  in  elevation.     It  has  an  extcnsiv* 
trade  in  Peruvian  bark.     Pop.  5529. 
Almahadia,  or  Mahaaia.    See  Mehdia. 
Almahera,  a  native  name  of  the  island  of  Gilolo. 
Alma  (or   Grande)   Island,  an   island   of  Quebec, 
Canada,  between  the  two  outlets  of  Lake  St.  John,  at  the 
he.ad  of  Sagucnay  River. 

Almalee,  or  Almali,  il-mi-lee',  a  town  of  Asia 
Minor,  on  the  small  river  Myra,  25  miles  from  its  junction 
with  tho  sea,  and  57  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Adalia.  Lat.  36°  47' 
N. ;  Ion.  29°  50'  E.  It  is  beautifully  situated  in  a  valley 
of  the  Massacytus  Mountains.  The  appearance  of  the  town 
is  pleasing  and  picturesque.  It  is  well  supplied  with  water, 
and  has  numerous  mills,  and  several  tan-yards,  dye-works, 
and  fa-jtories.     Pop.  8000. 

Alma  Mine,  a  post-office  of  Christian  co.,  Mo. 
Aim  ansa,  il-min'si,  a  city  of  Spain,  in  Murcia,  37 
miles  E.  of  Albacete.  It  is  a  flourishing  place,  and  has 
manufactures  of  linen,  cotton,  and  hempen  fabrics,  brand}-, 
leather,  and  soap.  Near  this  spot  the  French,  under  tho 
Duke  of  Berwick,  gained  a  victory  over  the  British  and 
Spanish  troops,  April  25,  1707.     Pop.  7334. 

Almanzora,  il-min-tho'ri,  a  river  of  Spain,  in  Anda- 
lusia, falls  into  the  Mediterranean.     Length,  50  miles. 

Almaraz,  &l-mS,-rith',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estrema- 
dura, 48  miles  N.E.  of  Cacercs.  The  Tagus  is  here  crossed 
by  a  bridge,  built  in  1552.     Pop.  746. 

Almar'tha,  a  post-office  of  Ozark  co.,  Mo.,  55  milei 
S.S.E.  of  Marshfield. 

Almas,  crmlsh',  a  AVallachian  village  of  Hungary,  co. 
of  Arad,  6  miles  E.  of  Butyin.     Pop.  2260. 

Almas,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Bacs,  15  miles  AA''.  of 
Theresienstadt.  Pop.  8193.  Almas,  either  singly  or  with 
various  prefixes,  is  the  name  of  not  fewer  than  39  places  in 
Hungary,  and  of  numerous  places  in  Transylvania. 

Almas,  il'mls,  a  village  of  Brazil,  province  of  Goyaz, 
00  miles  E.  of  Natividade.     Pop.  800. 

Almas,  or  Rio  das  Almas,  a  river  of  Brazil,  falls 
into  the  Maranhao  after  a  course  of  about  90  miles. 

Almas-Mare,  ol'mash'-mou'^h,  or  Nagy-  (nodj) 
Almas,  a  village  of  Hungary,  in  Transylvania,  circle  of 
Karlsburg,  has  gold-mines.     Pop.  1270. 

Almazan,  il-mil-thin',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile, 
on  the  Douro,  15  miles  S.  of  Soria.     Pop.  2360. 

Almazarron,  il-mi-thaR-non',  or  Mazarron,  mi- 
than-Ron',  a  town  and  port  of  Spain,  20  miles  AV.  of  Carta- 
gena. It  is  well  built,  and  comprises  a  convent,  school, 
town-  and  session-house,  prison,  <tc.     Pop.  3745. 

Almazora,  il-ml-tho'ri.  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Valencia, 
3  miles  S.  of  Castellon  de  la  Plana.     Pop.  about  2500. 

Alme'da,  a  post-village  ol  Newton  co..  Mo.,  about  50 
miles  AV.S.AV.  of  Springfield,  and  1  or  2  miles  N.  of  the 
Atlantic  &  Pacific  Railroad. 

Almeda,  a  post-village  of  Hampton  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
Port  Royal  Railroad,  40  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Port  Royal. 
Almeida,  &l-mi'e-dd,  a  fortified  town  of  Portugal,  ia 


'^OM 


<m 


ALN 


JMn,  oa  the  Co*,  V5  milw  N.B.  of  CoimbrA.  Pop.  6680. 
Almeid»  ia  on«  of  th«  most  important  ttrongholdi  in  the 
kinfdom.  It  wm  taken  by  the  Spaniardi  in  1 702,  and  again 
by  the  French  in  1810.  On  the  5th  of  Augu»t,  1811,  the 
ftlliet  under  Wellington  hero  dofuated  the  French  under 
Maasena. 

Almeida*  ftl-m&'e-di,  a  town  of  nrazil,  in  the  itate  of 
Apirito  Santo,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Keit-Miigo«,  about  20 
miles  K.  of  Victoria.  The  town  was  founded  by  the  Jesuits 
in  1680.     Pop.  40U0. 

AlinciriiUt  or  Altncyrim,  4Umi-reeK«^  a  town  of 
Portugal,  Estremadura,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Siintarom.    Pop.  3181. 

Almclo,  &l-ui&-ld',  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  on  the 
Almolo  Aa,  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Zwolle.     Pop.  4129. 

AInie'naf  a  p(l^t■town  of  Norton  oo.,  Kansas,  at  the 
Junction  of  two  railroads,  2H  miles  N.W.  of  Phillipsburg, 
and  11  N.E.  of  Norton.  It  hus  4  churches,  2  banlcs,  a 
graded  school,  ami  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  500. 

Almena,  a  post-hamlet  of  Van  Buren  oo.,  Mioh.,  in 
Almena  township,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Paw  Paw.  It  has  a 
ohuroh,  and  flour-,  saw-,  and  paper-mills.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  983. 

Almenar,  &l-md.-nan',  or  Almenara,  &l-m4-nil'Ri 
(Arab,  for  "watch-tower"),  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia, 
11  miles  N.  of  Lerida.     Pon.  2330. 

Alinendralf  &l-men-dii&l',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estre- 
inadura,  province  and  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  liadajos.  Pop. 
1600. 

Almendral,  a  southeastern  suburb  of  Valparaiso,  Chili, 
on  a  ))lain  called  the  Ahnendral.  It  is  more  populous  than 
the  city  proper.     Here  many  merchants  reside. 

Almendralejo,  &l-indn-dr&-li.'Ho,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Estremadura,  28  miles  S.E.  of  Badajos.  It  has  well-paved 
and  clean  streets,  ornamented  with  arcades  and  water- 
courses. The  inhabitants  are  employed  in  agriculture, 
weaving,  expressing  oil,  and  distilling  brandy  on  an  exten- 
sive scale.     Pop.  9462. 

Almciino  San  Bartolomeo,  &l-mSn'no  sin  bar-to- 
•lo-m4'o,  a  village  of  Italy,  adjacent  to  Almenno  San  Salva- 
tore.     Pop.  1670. 

Almenno  San  Salvntore,  fl,l-mdn'no  s&n  s&l-v&-to'- 
ri,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Bergamo,  6  miles  N.W.  of 
Bergamo.     Pop.  2100. 

Al'mer,  a  township  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  745. 

Almeria*  41-mi-ree'i  (anc.  Mur'git),  a  city  and  port 
of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  on  the  Mediterranean,  capital  of  a 
province  of  its  own  name,  104  miles  E.  of  Malaga.  It 
stands  S.  of  the  Sierra  de  Enix,  in  an  extensive  and  fertile 
plain.  It  is  in  part  enclosed  by  Moorish  bastioned  walls, 
about  2  miles  in  circuit,  and  is  defended  seaward  by  forts. 
The  streets  are  narrow,  tortuous,  and  ill  built,  but  tolerably 
paved  and  clean,  jtrincipally  with  houses  erected  round  small 
court-yards.  It  is  a  bishop's  see.  Almeria  has  a  theologi- 
cal, a  classical,  and  a  female  college,  and  an  aqueduct.  In 
the  bay  there  is  good  and  safe  anchorage,  in  12  and  14 
fathoms.  It  exports  grapes  and  other  fruits,  iron  ore,  lead, 
aoda,  esparto,  and  charcoal.     Pop.  40,323. 

Almeria,  a  fertile  province  of  Andalusia,  Spain, 
bounded  E.  and  S.  by  the  Mediterranean.  Area,  3309 
square  miles.  Capital,  Almeria.  It  is  mountainous,  with 
much  mineral  wealth.     Pop.  361,553. 

Almese,  8,1-mi'si,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Turin, 
•n  the  railway  from  Turin  to  Mont  Cenis.     Pop.  1240. 

Almeyda,  a  town  of  Portugal.     See  Almeida. 

Almeyda  (&l-mi'di)  Bay,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Africa, 
is  in  lat.  about  13°  30'  S.,  Ion.  40°  30'  E.  It  has  safe  and 
•faeltered  anchorage. 

Almi'ra,  a  station  on  the  Chicago  &  Pacific  Railroad,  4 
miles  from  Chicago,  III. 

Almira,  a  post-township  of  Benzie  co.,  Mich.,  14  miles 
W.  of  Traverse  City.   It  has  forests  of  pine  and  sugar-maple. 

Almira,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co.,  Washington,  103 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Spokane.  It  has  a  church  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  about  200. 

Almira,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  12  miles 
from  Aurora.     It  has  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  100. 

Almirante  Islands.    See  Amiuante  Islands. 

Almissa,  il-rais's4.  a  town  of  Dalmatia,  15  miles  S.E. 
of  Spalatro,  on  the  Adriatic,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Cettina,  is 
renowned  for  its  wines.     Pop.  800. 

Almkerk,  ilm'kdnk',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
North  Brabant,  on  the  Aim.     Pop.  1604. 

Almodovar,fi.l-mo-do'vaB,atown  of  Portugal,  in  Alem- 
lejo,  73  miles  S.S.W.  of  Evora.     Pop.  .3490. 

AJniodovar  del  Campo,  M-mo-do'vaR  dfil  k&m'po, 
»  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Ciudad 
Beal.    It  has  a  mint  and  oil-mills.    Pop.  4900. 


Almodovar  del  Rio,  il-mo-do'van  6i\  ree'o,  a  (o«n 
of  Spain,  province  of  Cordova.     Pop.  2110. 

Almogia,  &l-mo-Hce'&,  a  town  of  Spain,  10  miles  N.AV. 
of  Malaga.     I'op.  7041. 

Almohnrin,  &I-mo-&-reen',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estre- 
madura, 32  miles  S.S.E.  of  Caccres.     Pop.  2002. 

Almonncid  de  Toledo,  Al-mo-ni-thcen'  dAto-U'no, 
a  village  of  Spain,  province  of  Toledo,  12  miles  S.E.  of  To- 
ledo. Near  it  the  French  defeated  the  Spaniards,  Aug.  11, 
1809.     Pop.  1218, 

Almonaciddc  Zorita,&l-mo-n&-thecD'd&tho-reo'iA, 
a  town  of  Spain,  19  miles  S.E.  of  Guadalajara.     Pop.  I;t6ti. 

Almonaster  la  Real,  &l-mo-niH-tuiK'  I&  rh-hV,  n 
town  of  Spain,  43  miles  N.W.  of  Seville.     Pop.  830. 

Almond,  i'm^nd,  a  small  river  of  Scotland,  oo.  of 
Edinburgh,  falling  into  the  Firth  of  Forth  ot  Cramond. 

Almond,  a  small  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Perth,  flowing 
E.  to  join  the  Tay  near  Perth. 

AI'mond,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  Ala. 

Almond,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  oo.,  N.Y.,  in  Al- 
mond township,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  5  mil^  W. 
of  llorncllsville,  and  60  miles  S.  of  Rochester.  It  has  3 
churches,  3  flouring-mills,  an  academj',  ond  a  chcese-ftc- 
tory.     Pop.  about  700;  of  township,  1612. 

Almond,  a  post-village  in  Almond  township,  Portage 
CO.,  Wis.,  about  65  miles  N.  of  Portage  City.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  of  township,  721. 

Almondbury,  i'm^nd-ofr-e,  a  large  village,  township, 
and  parish  in  England,  co.  of  York,  West  Riding,  is  35 
miles  S.W.  of  York,  and  adjacent  to  Iluddersfield  (which 
see).  The  inhabitants  are  chiefly  employed  in  cotton-, 
woollen-,  and  silk-mills.     Pop.  of  townsnip,  11,609. 

AI'mond's,  a  township  of  Stanley  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  792. 

Almones'son,  a  post-village  of  Gloucester  co.,  N.J., 
in  Deptford  township,  3  miles  from  Woodbury.  It  has  a 
church,  a  town-hall,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Almont  al'mont,  a  post-village  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Almont  township,  34  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Port  Huron.  It 
has  a  bank,  4  churches,  a  public  school,  2  newspapers,  and 
manufactures  of  farming-implements,  pumps,  (lour,  sash, 
blinds,  Ac.  The  township  is  partly  drained  by  Belle  River. 
Pop.  of  township,  1854;  of  the  village,  717. 

Almont  (al'mont)  Station,  a  post  hamlet  of  Clinton 
CO.,  Iowa,  in  Elk  River  township,  on  tho  Iowa  Midland 
Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Clinton  City,  and  half  a  mile  from 
the  S.abula  &  Ackley  Railroad.     It  has  a  church. 

Almonte,  &l-mon'td,,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  in 
a  fertile  district,  21  miles  E.  of  Huelva.     Pop.  4520. 

Almonte,  a  river  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  falls  into 
the  Tagus ;  entire  length,  about  75  miles. 

AI'monte,  or  Ram'say,  a  post-village  in  Lanark  co., 
Ontario,  35  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Oitawa.  It  has  7  churches, 
a  bank,  high,  public  and  separate  schools,  an  iron-foundry, 
extensive  woollen-factories,  and  great  water-power.  Two 
newspapers  are  published  in  Almonte.     Pop.  3200. 

Almor,  ol'mor^  (Ger.  Mackevhurg,  miK'^n-boonG'),  a 
village  of  Hungary,  in  Transylvania,  15  miles  N.W.  of 
Hennannstadt.     Pop.  1250. 

Almora,  il-mo'ri,  a  town  of  Northern  Ilindostan,  capi- 
tal of  Kumaon,  85  miles  N.  of  Bareilly.    Pop.  CI 51. 

Almoradi,  il-mo-ri-oee',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Valencia, 
on  the  Segura,  28  miles  S.S.W.  of  Alicante.     Pop.  1725. 

Aim  oral,  al-mo-ral',  a  post- village  in  Oneida  township, 
Delaware  co.,  Iowa,  about  36  miles  W.  of  Dubuque,  and  4 
miles  N.  of  Earlville  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Almos,  8,rmosh',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Bihar,  6 
miles  from  Debreczin.     Pop.  2020. 

Alms  House,  a  station  in  Jefl"er8on  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville  k  Paducah  Railroad,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Louisville. 

Almudevar,  il-moo-di-van',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Ara- 
gon,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Huesca.     Pop.  2702. 

Almunecar,  il-moon-yi-kan'  (anc.  Sex'i),  a  seaport 
town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  on  the  Mediterranean,  33 
miles  S.  of  Granada.  Pop.  4710.  Chief  trade  in  cotton, 
sugar,  and  export  of  fruit. 

Almnnla  de  Doiia  Godina,  Jll-moo'ne-i  dA  d&n'y& 
go-Dee'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Grio, 
25  miles  S.W.  of  Saragossa.     Pop.  3682. 

Almwych,  a  town  of  Wales.    See  Amlwch. 

Almy,  al'm?,  a  post-village  of  Uintah  co.,  Wyoming,  Is 
in  the  Bear  River  Valley,  3i  miles  from  Evanston.  It  hai 
3  churches,  and  valuable  coal-mines.     Pop.  1500. 

AI'm y  vilie,  a  village  in  Plainfield,  Windham  co.,  Conn., 
on  Moosup  River,  1  mile  from  Moosup  Station.  It  has  a 
church,  and  manufactures  of  cottons,  Ac. 

Alaa,  all'na,  a  post-township  of  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  on 
the  Sheepscott  River,  at  the  head  of  the  tide^  about  20  milM 


ALN 


<471 


ALP 


S.S.E.  of  Augusta.    It  haa  2  churches  and  2  saw-mills. 
Pop.  747. 

AIne,  iln  ?  the  name  of  three  small  rivers  of  England,  in 
the  counties  of  Cumberland,  Northumberland,  and  Warwick. 

AIncmouth,  a  town  of  England.    See  Alemouth. 

Aliiey,  il'nce,  an  island  in  the  river  Severn,  England, 
CO.  and  half  a  mile  from  Gloucester. 

Aliio,  il'no,  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia,  9  miles  long 
by  4  miles  broad.     Lat.  62°  25'  N.;  Ion.  17°  20'  E. 

Alnoviaj  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Jolsva. 

Aluwick,  or  Alnewick,  an'nik,  a  market-town  and 
parish  of  England,  co.  of  Northumberland,  on  the  river 
Alne,  from  which  it  derives  its  name,  32  miles  by  railway 
N.  of  Newcastle.  The  streets  are  in  general  spacious,  well 
paved,  and  lighted  with  gas,  and  the  town  throughout  is 
abundantly  supplied  with  water.  The  houses  are  mostly  of 
freestone,  and  many  of  them  handsome.     Pop.  6218. 

Alnwick  Castle,  the  seat  of  the  Duke  of  Northum- 
berland, adjoins  the  above  town  on  the  N.  It  covers  five 
acres,  and  has  belonged  to  the  Percy  family  since  the  reign 
of  Edward  II. 

Al-Obeid,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Obeid. 

Aloisdorf,  41'o-ees-donr,  a  village  of  Moravia,  30  miles 
N.N.W.  of  OlniUtz,  with  large  iron-works.     Pop.  2000. 

Alonia,  i-lo'nee-i,  or  liiman  Pasha,  le-min'  pi'- 
Bhi*  (anc.  llalo'ne),  a  small  island  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  in  the 
Sea  of  Marmora.     It  has  a  town  of  the  same  name. 

Alon'zaville,  a  post-office  of  Shenandoah  co.,  Va. 

Alooshta,  or  Aluschta,  4-loosh'ti,  sometimes  written 
Alouclita,  an  ancient  Tartar  town  of  Russia,  on  the  S. 
coast  of  the  Crimea,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Simferopol.  In  the 
sixth  century,  its  castle,  which  bore  the  name  of  Alouston, 
was  repaired  by  the  Emperor  Justinian.  The  ruins  of  the 
uastle  still  remain. 

Aloota,  Alouta,  or  Alula,  &-loo'ti,  called  also  Alt, 
4lt,  a  rapid  river  of  'Transylvania,  rises  in  the  Carpathian 
Mountains,  crosses  AVallachia,  and  joins  the  Danube  at 
Nicopolis,  after  a  course  of  270  miles. 

Alora,  i-lo'ri,  a  city  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  24  miles 
N.W.  of  Malaga.  Agriculture,  pressing  of  oil,  and  the 
manufacture  of  soap  are  the  chief  industries.     Pop.  8370. 

Alore,  i-lur',  a  large  village  of  British  India,  presidency 
of  Madras,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Nellore. 

Alorie,  4-lo'ree,  a  largo  town  of  Western  Africa,  in 
Yarriba,  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Katunga,  and  180  miles  N.E. 
of  Lagos.     Lat.  8°  15'  N. ;  Ion.  6°  46'  E. 

Alosno,  i-los'no,  a  town  of  Spain,  19  miles  N.W.  of 
Huelva.     Pop.  3061. 

Alost,  i'lost,  or  Aalst,  S.lst,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  15  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Brussels.  It  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Dender,  which  has  been  converted  into  a 
canal,  from  Alost  to  the  Scheldt  at  Dendermonde,  8  miles 
below.  The  handsomest  building  is  the  church  of  St.  Mar- 
tin, one  of  the  finest  in  Belgium.  The  chief  public  insti- 
tutions besides  the  college,  a  handsome  structure,  are  the 
hospital,  the  academy  of  design,  the  chamber  of  commerce, 
and  the  horticultural  society.  Corn,  oil,  and  particularly 
hops,  are  extensively  grown  in  the  neighborhood.  Lace, 
leather,  tobacco,  beer,  spirits,  linen,  cottons,  chemicals,  and 
metallic  iron  goods  are  manufactured.  Alost  was  anciently 
the  capital  of  Imperial  Flanders.     Pop.  in  1890,  24,078, 

Alouchta,  a  town  of  Eussia.    See  Alooshta. 

Alouta,  a  river  of  Europe.     96e  Aloota. 

Alozayna,  &-lo-thi'n&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Qranada, 
N.E.  of  Coin.     Pop.  3218. 

Alp,  a  mountain-range  of  Germany.    See  Alb. 

AlpalhUo,  41-pil-y6wN»',  a  village  of  Portugal,  in  Alem- 
tejo,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Portalegre.     Pop.  1769. 

Alpar,  5rpS.R',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Bihar,  6 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Grosswardein.     Pop.  1050. 

Alpar,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Pesth,  on  the  Theiss, 
11  miles  N.W.  of  Csongrad.     Pop.  2154. 

Alpbach,  ilp-biK',  a  village  of  the  Tyrol  (Austria),  4 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Rattenberg.     Pop.  1024. 

Alpedrinha,  5,1-pi-dreen'yi,  a  village  of  Portugal, 
province  of  Beira,  10  miles  S.  of  i"undao.     Pop.  1634. 

Alpen,  the  German  for  Alps,  which  see. 

Alpena,al-pe'na,  aeounty  inthe  N.E.  part  of  Michigan, 
has  an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  Lake  Huron  and  Thunder  Bay,  and  intersected  by  the 
Nenelaw  and  Thunder  Bay  Rivers.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  Lumber  is 
the  chief  article  of  export.  Capital,  Alpena.  Pop.  in  1880, 
8789;  in  1890,  15,581. 

Alpena,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Alpena  co.,  Mich.,  on 
Thunder  Bay,  at  the  mouth  of  Thunder  Bay  River,  about 
126  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Saginaw  City.   It  has  13  churches, 


4  newspaper  offices,  2  banks,  2  foundries,  a  union  school, 
and  several  saw-,  planing-,  and  shingle-mills.  Much  lum- 
ber is  shipped  at  this  port.     Pop.  in  1890,  11,283. 

Alpena,  a  post-village  of  Jerauld  co.,  S.D.,  38  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Mitchell.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded 
school,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  about  250. 

Alpera,  il-pi'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Murcia,  30  miles 
N.E.  of  Albacete.     Pop.  2815. 

Alpes,  the  Latin  and  French  for  Alps. 

Alpes,  Basses.    See  Basses-Alpes. 

Alpes  CarnicsE,  ancient  name  of  the  Carnic  Alps. 

Alpes  Cottia;,  ancient  name  of  the  Cottian  Alps. 

Alpes  Dinarica;,  Latin  name  of  the  Dinaric  Alps. 

Alpes,  Hautes.    See  Hautes-Alpes. 

Alpes-Maritimes,  ilp^mi'rce'teem',  the  southeast- 
ernmost  department  of  France,  consisting  of  the  former 
comti  of  Nice,  ceded  to  France  from  Italy  in  1860,  together 
with  the  arrondissement  of  Grasse,  detached  from  the  de- 
partment of  Var.  Area,  1518  square  miles.  On  the  N. 
and  E.,  ranges  of  the  Alps  divide  it  from  Italy  ;  on  the  S.  it 
is  bounded  by  the  Mediterranean,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  de- 
partments of  Var  and  Basses-Alpes.  It  is  one  of  the  most 
picturesque  regions  in  France,  having  a  diversified  surface, 
a  mild  and  agreeable  climate,  fertile  valleys,  and  well-tim- 
bered mountains.  It  is  traversed  by  several  railways.  The 
olive,  orange,  lemon,  citron,  and  vine  flourish  here,  and  the 
cultivation  of  flowers  for  perfumers'  use  is  a  leading  indus- 
try. Grain,  timber,  tobacco,  silk,  honey,  wax,  oil,  and  soap 
are  largely  produced.  Copper,  lignite,  manganese,  and  lead 
are  mined.     Capital,  Nice.     Pop.  in  1891,  258,571. 

Al'pha,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yell  co.,  Ark.,  10  miles  N.  of 
Danville. 

Alpha,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co..  III.,  on  the  Chicago, 
Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  St.  Louis, 
Rock  Island  &  Chicago  Railroad,  26  miles  N.N.E.  of  Mon- 
mouth, and  18  miles  W.  of  Galva.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
bank,  and  a  graded  school. 

Alpha,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Ind.,  about  20  milea 
W.N.W.  of  Madison. 

Alpha,  a  post-hamlet  of  Natchitoches  parish,  La.,  about 
18  miles  N.  of  Natchitoches. 

Alpha,  a  post-village  of  Grundy  co..  Mo.,  15  miles  from 
Trenton,  and  about  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has 
2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  ploughs,  flour,  &e. 
Pop.  about  200.     It  is  also  called  Nevada. 

Alpha,  a  station  of  Eureka  co.,  Nevada,  on  the  Eureka 
&  Palisade  Railroad,  40  miles  N.  of  Eureka. 

Alpha,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  0.,  on  the  Dayton 
<t  Xenia  Railroad,  at  Harbine's  Station,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Dayton.    It  has  a  church,  flour-mill,  saw-mill,  and  oil-mill. 

Alphae,  the  ancient  name  of  PisA. 

Alpharet'ta,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Milton  co.,  Ga., 
about  27  miles  N.  of  Atlanta,  and  27  milea  N.E.  of  Roswell. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  and  2  newspaper  offices. 
Pop.  about  600. 

Alphen,  5.1'f§n,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  South 
Holland,  on  the  Rhine,  7  miles  E.  of  Leyden.     Pop.  3171. 

Alphen-en-Riel,  il'f^n-fin-reel,  a  village  of  the 
Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Breda. 
Pop.  1736. 

Alpheus,  a  river  of  Greece.    See  Roupiiia. 

Alphonse  (arfonz')  Islands,  two  small  islands,  sur- 
rounded by  extensive  reefs,  situated  in  the  Indian  Ocean. 
The  N.  point  is  in  lat.  6°  59'  30"  S.,  Ion.  52°  41'  E. 

Alpignano,  il-peen-yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Turin.     Pop.  1906. 

Alpine,  al'pecn  or  al'pin,  a  county  of  California,  bor- 
dering on  Nevada,  has  an  area  of  about  950  square  miles. 
It  is  drained  by  the  Stanislaus  and  Mokelumne  Rivers, 
which  rise  within  its  limits.  The  surface  is  mountainous, 
and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  spruce  and  pine  trees, 
which  grow  to  a  large  size.  This  county  comprises  several 
peaks  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  one  of  which,  called  Silver 
Mountain,  rises  more  than  10,000  feet  above  the  sea-level. 
Silver-mines  have  been  opened  in  this  county,  which  con- 
tains abundance  of  granite  and  quartz.  Capital,  Mark- 
leeville.     Pop.  in  1870,  685;  in  1880,  539;  in  1890,  667. 

Alpine,  a  post-village  of  Talladega  co.,  Ala.,  99  miles 
by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Selma,  and  9  miles  N.E.  of  Childersburg. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Alpine,  a  post-village  of  Clark  co.,  Ark.,  25  miles  S.W. 
of  Hot  Springs,  and  about  80  miles  W.S.W.  of  Little  Rook. 
It  has  1  or  2  churches  and  a  steam  mill. 

Alpine,  a  post-village  of  San  Diego  co.,  Cal.,  about  29 
miles  N.E.  of  San  Diego. 

Alpine,  a  post-village  of  Chaffee  co..  Col.,  on  a  branch 
of  the  Union  Pacific  Railway,  62  miles  N.E.  of  Gunnison. 


ALP 


472 


ALP 


Alpine*  a  post-bamlet  of  Chattooga  eo.,  Ga.,  44  milei 
8.  by  W.  of  Chattanooga.    It  hat  a  ohuroh  and  an  academy. 

Alpine^  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
'Whitewater  River,  19  milea  by  rail  S.  of  Ciimbridge  City. 
It  has  a  church,  grist-mill,  and  savr-niill. 

Alpinct  a  nost-villap^e  of  Kent  oo.,  Miob.,  in  Alpine 
township,  8  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Grand  Knpids.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pup.  about 
SOO;  of  township,  1S48. 

Alpine,  a  poi«t-bamlet  of  Fergus  oo.,  Mont.,  20  miles 
B.  by  N.  of  Lewistown. 

Alpine,  a  post-village  of  Bergen  oo.,.  N.J.,  is  near  the 
Palisades  of  the  Hudson,  nnd  in  Harrington  township,  about 
20  miles  N.  of  New  York.     It  has  a  church. 

Alpine,  a  post-village  of  Schuyler  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Cath- 
arine town.ship.  on  Ciiyuta  Creek,  6  miles  E.  of  Havana, 
and  about  IS  miles  N.N.E.  of  Elmira.  It  hns  2  churches, 
and  miinufaoturcs  of  flour,  lumber,  and  furniture. 

Alpine,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co..  Pa.,  iu  AVarrington 
township,  about  14  miles  S.  of  Ilarrisburg. 

Alpine,  apost-vilinge,  the  capital  of  Brewster  co.,  Tex., 
62  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Valentine.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
school.     Pop.  about  700. 

Alpine  City,  a  post-village  of  Utah  co.,Utnh,  in  a  fine 
farming  and  fruit-growing  locality,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Lehi 
City.     It  has  a  Mormon  church. 

Alpine  Depot,  a  hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  W.  Ya.,  on  the 
Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Berkeley  Springs. 
Fine  glass-sand  is  obtained  here. 

Alpirsbach,  irpceus-biK',  atown  of  Wiirtemborg,  on 
the  Kinzig.     Pop.  1250. 

Alpnach,  &ip'niic,  or  Alpnacht,  S,lp'n&Kt,  a  village 
of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Untcrwalden,  on  the  S.W.  arm 
of  the  Lake  of  Lucerne,  8  miles  S.S.W,  of  Lucerne.  Pop. 
16."?0.  The  Slide  of  Alpnach  was  a  remarkable  wooden 
railway,  by  which  timber  from  Mount  Pilatus  was  formerly 
conveyed  down  to  the  lake. 

Al'port,  a  river  port  in  Victoria  co.,  Ontario,  on  Lake 
Muskoka,  4  miles  from  Bracebridge. 

Alpowa,  al'poVa,  a  post-village  of  Garfield  co.,  Wash- 
ington, 15  miles  W.  of  Lewiston,  Idaho. 

Alps,  &lps,  a  range  of  mountains  the  most  remarkable 
in  Europe  in  extent,  and  surpassed  in  height  by  the  Cau- 
casus alone  among  European  mountains.  They  form  a 
crc?cent-shaped  chain,  covering  the  greater  part  of  Swit- 
zerland, and  part  of  France,  Northern  Italy,  Bavaria,  Aus- 
tria, and  Bosnia,  forming  the  central  portion  of  the  great 
mountain-system  which,  in  a  manner  more  or  less  connected, 
extends  from  Cape  Finisterre,  on  the  Atlantic,  to  the  Black 
Sea.  The  Alps  may  be  said  to  originate  on  the  shores  of 
the  Mediterranean,  between  Lyons  and  Nice.  Separating 
the  basin  of  the  Rhone  from  the  afiluents  of  the  Po,  the 
chain  stretches  across  Switzerland  and  the  Tyrol  to  the 
sources  of  the  Drave  and  the  Salzach,  where  it  bifurcates. 
The  N.  branch  covers  the  country  round  Salzburg,  in  Upper 
Austria,  and  proceeds  N.E.  to  Oalicia ;  while  the  S.  branch 
subdivides  on  the  frontiers  of  Illyria  into  two  branches,  in- 
cluding the  basin  of  the  Save,  and  appears  to  terminate  at 
the  head  of  tho  Gulf  of  Quarnero,  at  the  banks  of  the  Kulpa. 
From  this  river,  however,  a  chain  stretches  S.E.  through 
Dahuatia  and  Bosnia,  lowering  down  at  the  river  Narenta 
(an  affluent  of  the  Adriatic),  which  is  conventionally  as- 
sumed as  the  S.E.  boundary  of  the  Alps.  From  the  slopes 
of  the  Alps  flow,  directly  or  by  affluents,  the  great  rivers  of 
Central  Europe,  the  Danube,  Rhine,  Rhone,  and  Po.  From 
the  Jura  Mountains  the  Alps  are  separated  by  the  narrow 
gorge  through  which  the  Rhone  passes  below  Geneva,  and 
from  the  Apennines  by  the  valley  of  Savona. 

The  Alps  comprise  the  following  divisions.  The  Western 
Alps  consist  of  branches  which  have  a  general  direction 
from  S.  to  N.  They  extend,  under  the  name  of  the  Mari- 
time Alps,  from  tho  sea  to  Monte  Viso,  near  the  sources  of 
the  Po.  The  Cottian  Alps  prolong  tho  chain  to  Mont  Cenia, 
and  include  Mont  Gen«ivre;  and  the  Graian  Alps  include 
Little  St.  Bernard,  and  terminate  at  Mont  Blanc.  The 
Eastern  Alps,  which  extend  from  W.  to  E.,  having  much 
greater  breadth,  are  separated  into  a  northern  and  a  southern 
series ;  the  former  comprise  tho  Bernese  Alps,  on  the  N.  of 
the  valley  of  the  Rhone,  the  Alps  of  St.  Gall,  on  the  N.W. 
of  the  valley  of  the  Rhine,  the  Norio  Alps,  extending  from 
Lake  Constance  to  the  Kahlenberg,  near  Vienna,  and  tho 
Styrian  Alps,  a  small  chain  between  tho  Noric  and  Carnic 
Alps.  The  southern  scries  is  composed  of  the  Pennine 
Alps,  between  Mont  Blano  and  Monte  Rosa;  the  Lcpontine 
Alps,  thence  to  the  San  Bernardino,  near  tho  sources  of  the 
Upper  Rhino ;  the  Rhaatian  Alps,  which  terminate  at  Monte 
Crooc^  near  the  sources  of  the  Piare;  and  the  Camio  Alps^ 


extending  to  the  lowest  part  of  the  river  Mur,  which  sepa 
rates  them  from  the  mountains  of  Bakony.  The  Dinnric 
Alps,  N.E.  of  the  Adriatic,  link  this  system  to  that  of 
Albania  and  Greece.  Mont  Blano,  which  attains  nn  eleva- 
tion of  15,810  feet,  is  the  culminating  jmint  of  the  Alps  and 
of  all  Europe;  the  other  principal  summits  are  Monte  Knsa, 
15,208  feet,  Finster-Aarnom,  in  the  Borneso  Alps,  14.020 
foot,  Monte  Viso,  12,585  feet,  tho  Ortler-Spitze,  in  the  Rhto- 
tian  Alps,  12,852  feet,  tho  Gross  Glockncr,  in  the  Norio 
Alps,  1.1,100  feet,  the  Tcrglou,  in  tho  Camio  Alps,  9380  feet, 
and  the  Eisenhut  (see  Styria),  in  tho  Stvrian  Alps. 

Tho  passes  of  the  Alps,  called  in  French  voh,  that  is,  de- 
pressions, are  roads  by  which  communication  is  cll'cctcd 
Detweon  districts  on  opposite  sides  of  the  mountains.  They 
may  be  divided  into  three  classes:  1,  those  practicable  for 
wheeled  carriages;  2,  those  practicable  for  horses  or  mules; 
.'!,  those  suited  only  for  foot-passengers.  Of  tho  first  cliiss, 
by  far  the  most  frequented  are  the  Mont  Ccnis,  6775  feet 
high,  a  route  from  France  to  Italy;  tho  Simplon,  fi;')y2 
feot  high,  from  Valais  into  Piedmont;  the  SplUgen,  WAb 
feet  high,  and  the  Snn  Bernardino,  from  tho  Grisons  into 
Lombardy.  Under  the  Col  de  Frfijus  the  Mont  Cenis  Rail- 
way tunnel  has  been  executed;  the  St.  Gothard  tunnel,  in 
the  Central  Alps,  was  opened  in  1882,  and  tho  Arlberg 
Railway  in  1884.  A  railway  across  the  Mont  Cenis  ywft 
has  also  been  in  operation.  Other  passes  are  tho  Col  do 
Tenda,  in  the  Maritime  Alps,  6160  feet;  the  pass  of  Mont 
GenSvre,  in  the  Cottian  Alps,  6560  feet;  the  pass  of  the 
Great  St.  Bernard,  8150  feet;  and  the  pass  of  Mount  St. 
Gothard,  in  the  Lepontino  Alps,  6976  feot. 

The  higher  Alps  are  covered  with  perpetual  snow,  and 
present,  with  their  magnificent  glaciers,  innumerable  cas- 
cades, and  the  forests  and  meadows  which  cover  their  flanks, 
the  most  imposing  and  picturesque  scenery  in  Europe.  It 
is  calculated  that  in  tho  Alps  there  are  fields  of  ice  covering 
an  area  of  1500  square  miles,  of  100  feet  in  thickness.  Gla- 
ciers are  to  be  met  with  in  various  regions,  but  those  of  the 
Alps  have  been  more  minutely  investigated  than  any  others. 
They  present  the  appearance  of  a  frozen  torrent,  frequently 
several  miles  in  length,  traversed  by  deep  rents  called  crev- 
asses, and  are  composed  of  snow  frozen  into  granular  ice,  or 
rather  of  a  compound  of  ico  and  water  more  or  less  yield- 
ing, according  to  the  state  of  wetness  or  infiltration.  Gla- 
ciers are  by  no  means  stationary,  except  probably  during 
winter,  but  continually  moving,  their  rate  of  progress 
during  summer  being  from  18  to  24  inches  in  24  hours. 
On  their  surface  they  bear  large  quantities  of  stones,  some 
of  them  of  enormous  size,  brought  down  from  the  mountain 
recesses.  These  heaps  are  deposited  at  the  foot  of  tho  gla- 
ciers, and  form  terminal  moraines,  presenting  the  geologist 
with  materials  for  studying  tho  structure  of  the  mountains 
whence  they  have  been  derived.  In  thickness,  glaciers 
range  from  a  few  feet  to  several  hundreds.  In  the  valleys 
above  the  glaciers,  lakes  are  sometimes  formed,  which,  burst- 
ing their  barriers,  rush  down  with  destructive  fury. 

Among  the  remarkable  phenomena  connected  with  tho 
Alps  are  the  whirlwinds,  called  tourmentei  (tooR'm6.Nt')  by 
tho  French,  and  Guxen  (goox'^n)  by  the  Germans.  They 
arise  with  great  violence,  often  accompanied  by  thunder  and 
lightning,  tossing  the  snow  in  eddying  clouds,  and  frequently 
setting  in  motion  the  still  more  formidable  avalanciih. 
The  last  (called  in  French  Lavanche,  liV6Nsh',  or  Lavanje, 
li^vixzh';  German,  Lawine,  14-^ee'n§h,  or  Lauwine,  low- 
^ee'n^h)  may  bo  described  as  enormous  masses  of  snow, 
which,  detached  by  various  causes  from  their  original  po.si- 
tion,  roll  with  tremendous  noise  and  force  over  rock  and  preci- 
pice, down  to  the  plains  below.  A  touch  of  the  foot,  or  the 
slightest  motion  of  the  air,  even  that  produced  bj'  the  sound 
of  a  small  bell  or  other  instrument,  is  often  sufiicient  to  set  the 
avalanche  iu  motion.  The  most  destructive  are  those  which 
are  composed  of  hardened  snow,  and  which,  rolling  or  sliding 
down,  carry  all  before  them.  From  the  frequent  occurrcnoo 
of  avalanches,  some  parts  of  the  Alps  arc  entirely  uninhab- 
ited ;  and  in  others  large  patches  of  the  tallest  and  strongest 
trees  are  left  stonding,  in  order  to  arrest  their  progress. 

The  higher  ridges  of  tho  Alps  consist  of  granite,  gneiss, 
and  other  primitive  rocks,  flanked  by  a  wide  extent  of 
limestone,  sandstone,  and  slate.  The  summits  ascend  con- 
siderably above  the  line  of  perpetual  snow  (in  this  latitude 
about  8900  feet  above  the  sea) :  glaciers  descend  as  low  as 
3400  feet  above  the  sea.  Wheat  is  raised  at  an  elevation  of 
3600  feet ;  oats,  at  4900  feet ;  barley,  at  5100  feet ;  pines  and 
larches,  as  high  as  6500  feet  above  the  sea ;  and  the  Alpine 
rose  reaches  the  limit  of  perpetual  snow.  Tho  mineral 
products  arc  chiefly  iron,  copper,  and  lead ;  but  quicksilver, 

rock-salt,  and  some  gold  and  silver  are  met  with. Adj, 

Alpine,  il'pln. 


ALP 


473 


ALT 


Alps,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Nassau 
township,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Troy. 

Alps,  Lower,  in  France.    See  Basses-Alpes. 

Alps,  Swabian,  mountains.     See  Alb. 

Alps,  Upper,  in  France.    See  Hautes-Alpes. 

Alps'ville,  a  village  in  South  Versailles  township,  Al- 
leghany CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Youghiogheny  River  and  the  Pitts- 
burg &  Connellsville  Railroad,  near  Coultersville,  21  miles 
6.S.E.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  church,  also  coal-mines,  Ac. 

Alpuente,  il-poo-Sn'ti  or  il-pw4n'ti,  a  town  of  Spain, 
48  miles  N.W.  of  Valencia.  Pop.  1165.  It  was  a  Roman 
itation,  and  has  many  ancient  remains. 

Alpuj  arras,  or  Alpuxarras,  il-poo-Han'R^s,  a  moun- 
tainous region  of  Spain,  in  Granada,  extending  from  the 
Mediterranean  to  the  Sierra  Nevada,  divided  between  the 
provinces  of  Granada  and  Almeria. 

Alqui'na,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Ind.,  about  20 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Richmond;  has  a  church,  and  lumber-mills. 

Al'resford,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  of  Hants,  7 
miles  N.E.  of  AVinchcster.  Pop,  1623.  Old  Alresford,  a 
parish,  co.  of  Hants,  adjoins  the  above. 

Airoe,  il'ro^^h,  an  island  of  Denmark,  at  the  mouth  of 
theHorsens-Fiord.  Lat.  55°  50'  N.;  Ion.  10°  5'  E.  It  con- 
tains a  village  called  Alroe-By.     Pop.  300. 

Alsace,  irsiss'  (L.  Alaalia,  al-si'she-a;  Ger.  Elsass, 
Jl'siss),  an  old  German  province,  having  the  Rhine  on  the 
E.,  and  the  Vosgcs  Mountains  on  the  W.  Ceded  to  France 
in  1648,  it  formed  the  French  departments  of  Ilaut-Rhin 
and  Bas-Rhin  until  1871,  when  it  was  nearly  all  restored  to 
Germany  and  became  a  part  of  the  new  province  of  Alsace- 
Lorraine.  It  now  forms  the  districts  of  Ober-Elsass  (Upper 
Alsace),  area  1353  square  miles,  pop.  452,642,  and  Nieder- 
Elsass  (Lower  Alsace),  area  1844  square  miles,  pop.  697,850. 
A  large  majority  of  the  people  speak  German. 

Alsace,  al'sass,  a  post-township  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  about 
3  miles  E.  of  Reading.  It  has  2  churches,  1  woollen-mill, 
and  several  grist-mills.     Pop.  1294. 

Alsace-Lorraine,  il'siss'  loR^nin'  (Ger.  Ehass-Lolh- 
ringen,  fil'siss  lot'ring-^n),  a  province  of  Germany,  under 
direct  imperial  government.  Formed  in  1871  from  the  ter- 
ritories acquired  from  the  French  by  the  treaty  of  May  1 0, 
it  received  a  definite  government  in  1874.  It  is  divided 
into  the  districts  of  Ober-  and  Nieder-EIsass  (see  Alsace) 
and  Lorraine  (which  see).  Area,  5603  square  miles.  It  is 
a  fertile  and  well-timbered  region,  with  great  mineral  wealth, 
and  with  active  and  varied  manufactures.  Capital,  Stras- 
burg.  Chief  towns,  Strasburg,  Miilhausen,  Metz,  and  Colmar. 
Pop.  in  1885,  1,564,354;  in  1890,  1,603,987. 

Al-Salik,  or  Al-Salih,  il-sa,MeeK',  a  town  of  Arabia, 
nbout  2  miles  from  its  S.  coast.  It  has  200  houses.  The 
surrounding  country  is  well  cultivated. 

Alsasua,  il-s3,'soo-3,,  a  village  of  Spain,  province  of 
Navarre,  on  the  Northern  Railway,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Pamplona-Barcelona  line.     Pop,  1342, 

Alsatia,  al-si'she-a,  a  landing-place  of  East  Carroll 
parish,  La,,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  45  miles  above  Vicks- 
Durg.  Miss,     Here  is  Illawara  Post-Office. 

Alsatia,  the  Latin  name  of  Alsace, 

Alsdorf,  ils'doRf,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  8  miles 
N,N.E.  of  Aix-la-Chapelle.     Pop.  1752. 

Alsea,  afse'a,  or  Alse'ya,  a  post- village  of  Benton  co., 
Oregon,  on  the  Alseya  River,  35  miles  S.W.  of  Albany.  It 
has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Alsekh,  al'sfik,  or  Behring's  (ber'ingz)  River,  a 
stream  of  Alaska,  reaches  the  sea  N.W.  of  Cape  Fairweather, 
by  5  mouths,  which  are  at  times  covered  by  the  water,  form- 
ing a  lagoon  called  Dry  Bay. 

Alseii,  fi,l'sen,  an  island  of  Prussia,  Sleswick,  in  the 
Baltic,  near  the  mainland.     Pop.  about  25,000. 

Alsen,  all'sen,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co.,  S.D.,  in  a  fine 
agricultural  region,  30  miles  E.  of  Yankton,  and  about  10 
miles  S.  of  Beresford. 

Alsenborn,  !ll's§n-boRn\  a  village  of  Bavaria,  in  the 
Palatinate,  8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Kaiserslautern.     Pop.  1018. 

Alseno,  il-si.'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  18  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Piacenza.     Pop.  4381. 

Alsenz,  dl'sents,  a  village  of  Germany,  kingdom  of 
Bavaria,  in  the  Palatinate,  20  miles  N.  of  Kaiserslautern. 
It  has  coal-mines.     Pop.  1589. 

Alsey,  all'se,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co..  111.,  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Rock  Island  &  Chicago  Railroad,  50  miles  N.  of 
Alton.     It  has  several  churches. 

Alse'ya,  a  small  river  of  Benton  co.,  Oregon,  runs  nearly 
northwestward,  and  enters  the  Pacific  Ocean.  It  is  about 
60  miles  long. 

Alsfeld,  ais'fSIt,  a  town  of  Hesse,  on  the  Hchwalm,  26 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Giessen.     Pop.  3612. 
31 


Alsheim,  ils'hime,  a  village  of  Hesse  (Germany),  18 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Worms.     Pop.  1579. 

Al  Sibkali,  41  sib'kS,  or  Lowdeah,  ISw-dec'a.  {i.e.. 
El  Watee'a,  "low  or  marshy  ground"),  an  extensive  salt 
lake  of  Tunis,  lat.  33°  30'  N.,  Ion.  9°  E.  Length,  about  80 
miles ;  breadth,  nearly  20  miles.  In  summer  it  is  dried  up, 
exhibiting  nothing  but  a  crust  of  salt. 

Alsleben,  4ls'l4^b§n,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  in 
Merseburg,  29  miles  S.  of  Magdeburg.  Pop.  2920.  Alt 
(Old)  Alsleben,  an  adjoining  village.     Pop.  2270. 

Also,  Crsho',  a  Hungarian  prefix,  signifying  "lower," 
and  often  seen  in  the  names  of  towns. 

Als6"Apsa,  Srsho'  op'shCh^  (Ger.  Unteropsa,  Con'ter- 
op's4),  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Marmaros,  7  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Szigeth.     Pop.  3420. 

Aiso-Csernaton,  srsho'  cher^ni'ton*,  a  town  of  Aus- 
tria-Hungary, Transylvania,  circle  of  Kronstadt.    P.  2129. 

Also-Dabas,  oPsho'  dob^osh',  a  village  of  Hungarr, 
CO.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  2250. 

Also-Dios,  the  Hungarian  name  of  Ncssdorf*. 

Also-Dubrava,  61Sho'  doo-br6h'v6h\  a  village  of 
Hungary,  co.  of  Szalad,  on  the  Murakoz,  near  the  junction 
of  the  Mur  with  the  Drave. 

Als6-F6her-Var,  oPsho'  ffih'§r  v4r  (Ger.  Unterweii- 
eenburg,  66n't?r-*i8's§n-b6oRG^),  a  county  of  Transylvania, 
Austria-Hungary,  takes  its  name  from  its  principal  town, 
Karlsburg,  which  was  once  called  Alsd-F6her-V^r  in  the 
Hungarian  language.     Pop.  227,260. 

Also-Kosinye,  oPsho'  ko-seen'y5\  a  town  of  the 
Croato-Slavonian  frontier,  Austria-Hungary,  12  miles  S.  of 
Ottocsa.     Pop.  3120. 

Als6"Kubin,6r8ho'koo'been',  a  town  of  Hungary,  cap- 
ital of  the  CO.  of  Arva,  32  miles  N.N.E.  of  Neusohl.  P.  1360. 

Also-Lipnicza,  orsho'  lip'nect's6h\  a  Slovak  village 
of  Upper  Hungary,  co.  of  Arva,  44  miles  N.W.  of  Kesmark. 
It  has  lignite-mines.     Pop.  1960. 

Als6-Met5ceiiz6f,  6^sho'met's5n'^fi^,orUntermet- 
zensei^en,  oonH?r-met's§n-si-f§n,  a  German  town  of 
North  Hungary,  co.  of  Torna,  17  miles  W.  of  Kaschau.  It 
has  iron-  and  copper-mines  and  furnaces.     Pop.  3480. 

Also-MisI  ye,  SrshO'  meesh'l'yfih,  a  village  of  Hungary, 
CO.  of  Aba-uj-VSr,  7  miles  from  Kaschau.     Pop.  1060. 

Also-Nemedi,  oPsho'  nS'mfi'dee',  a  village  of  Hun- 
gary, CO.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  2150  (Calvinists). 

Also-Pazariste,  oPsho'  poh'zohVeesh'tSh,  a  village 
of  Austria-Hungary,  Croato-Slavonian  military  frontier 
It  has  reuiarkable  caves.     Pop.  2000. 

Also-Torya,  SPsho'  tor'yoh^  a  village  of  Transylva- 
nia, Austria  Hungary,  38  miles  N.  of  Hdromszek  ;  has  sul- 
phur-mines, acid  saline  springs,  and  is  near  the  extinct  vol- 
cano Biido.    Pop.  2150,  including  the  adjacent  Felsb-Torya. 

Also-Vidra,  oPsho'  vee'dr6h\  a  village  of  Hungary, 
in  Transylvania,  eo.  of  Als(5-Feher-Vdr;  remarkable  for  its 
petrifactions.     Pop.  2206. 

Als6-Viss6,  6Psho'  vish'sho',  a  village  of  Hungary, 
CO.  of  Marmaros,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Szigeth.     Pop.  1700. 

Alstadde,  or  Alstedde,  ll'stid-d^h,  a  village  of 
Westphalia,  Prussia,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Ahaus.     Pop.  1485. 

Alstahoug,  5,ls't3,-hoog\  a  village  of  Norway,  province 
of  Nordland,  the  most  northern  bishopric  in  Europe,  on  the 
S.  shore  of  the  island  of  Alsten. 

Alstead,  al'stW,  a  post-township  of  Cheshire  co.,  N.H., 
about  15  miles  N.  of  Keene,  contains  the  villages  of  Alsteail 
and  Alstead  Centre.     Pop.  in  1880,  1037;  in  1890,  870. 

Alstead,  a  post-village  of  Cheshire  co.,  N.H.,  in  Alstead 
township,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bellows  Falls,  Vt.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  paper-mill. 

Alstead  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cheshire  co.,  N.II., 
in  Alstead  township,  about  14  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Keene,  and 
6  miles  from  Cold  River  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Alsten,  4l'st?n,  an  island  of  Norway,  province  of  Nord- 
land. Lat.  66°  N. ;  Ion.  13°  E.  The  island  is  mountainous ; 
one  of  the  Seven  Sisters  has  an  elevation  of  4379  feet. 

Alster,  il'st^r,  a  navigable  river  of  Prussia,  rises  in  Hol- 
stein,  and  flows  into  the  Elbe  at  Hamburg. 

Alston,  a  town  of  England.    See  Aldstone. 

Alston,  all'stgn,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co.,  S.C.,  on 
Broad  River  and  on  the  Greenville  &  Columbia  Railroad  at 
the  terminus  of  the  Spartanburg  <t  Union  Railroad,  25  miloa 
N.W.  of  Columbia.     It  has  several  churches. 

Alswede,  41s'<vi-d?h,  a  village  of  Westphalia,  Prussia, 
3  miles  N.W.  of  Lubbecke.     Pop.  1215. 

Alt,  ilt,  or  Alten,  41't?n,  a  German  word,  signifying 
"old,"  the  prefix  of  numerous  names  in  Central  Europe,  aa 
Alt-Ofen,  "Old  Ofen."  Such  compounds  are  sometimei 
given  under  the  names  to  which  they  are  prefixed. 

Alt,  a  river  of  Transylvania.    See  Aloota. 


ALT 


474 


ALT 


Aita,  irti,  or  Alte^  a  village  of  Portugal,  N.  of  Louie. 

Alta,  kVt^  a  poat-village  of  Placer  oo.,  Cal.,  on  the 

Central  Paoifio  Railroad,  68  miles  N.N.E.  of  Saoranicnto. 

It  ia  2  miles  from  tho  Great  American  Caflon,  and  has  2  Lotola 

and  lercral  luubor-wills.     Gold  ia  found  near  here, 

Alta*  a  post-hamlet  of  Peoria  co..  III.,  in  Medina  town- 
•hip,  on  the  Rock  Island  Railroad,  12  miles  N.  of  Peoria. 

Alta^  a  nost-villogo  of  Uuenu  Vista  oo.,  Iowa,  in  Noko- 
mis  township,  on  tho  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  611  miles  W. 
of  Fort  Dodge.  It  has  0  churches,  2  banks,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  elevators  for  gmin.     Pop.  9UU. 

Alta^  a  post-office  of  Harvey  co.,  Kansas,  in  Aita  town- 
ship, lU  miles  N.  of  Burton  Railroad  Station.  The  town- 
lihip  is  drained  by  the  Little  Arkansas  River.     Pop.  417. 

Aita,  a  station  in  Richland  co.,  0.,  on  the  Sandusky, 
Ifanstield  A  Newark  Railroad,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Mansfield. 

Aita,  a  post-offico  and  mining-camp  of  Salt  Lake  co., 
Utah,  is  at  tho  head  of  Little  Cottonwood  Cafion,  7  miles 
from  AVusatch  Railroad  Station.  It  has  1  church  and  sev- 
ei-al  silver-mines.  A  horse  tramway  connects  Aita  with 
Wasatch  Station. 
Aita  California,  the  Spanish  for  Upper  California. 
Altafulla,  il-t4-fool'y&,  a  town  of  Spain,  6  miles  E. 
of  Tarragona,    Pop.  1150. 

Aita  Gracia,  Al'ti  gri'so-i,  a  town  of  the  republic  of 
.  Colombia,  on  the  Orinoco,  40  miles  S.  of  Bogota. 

Aita  Gracia,  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  prov- 
ince of  Cordova,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Cordova.     Pop.  4000. 

Aita  Gracia,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Maracaybo  Strait. 

Altai,  il-ti',  more  correctly  Aita  Yeen  Oola  (t.e., 
"golden  mountain"),  a  group  of  mountains  projecting  into 
the  plains  of  Siberia  from  the  N.W.  angle  of  the  elevated 
table-land  of  Central  Asia,  and  lying  between  the  sources 
of  the  Irtish  on  the  W.  and  the  Yenisei  on  the  E.  At  the 
present  day  the  name  Altai  is  given  by  natives  and  Russian 
settlers  to  the  country  occupied  by  the  Kalmuks,  and  is  thus 
confined  in  its  application  within  comparatively  narrow 
bounds.  European  geographers,  on  the  other  hand,  have 
used  it  for  a  chain  of  mountains  extending  continuously 
from  the  upper  waters  of  the  Irtish  E.  to  Lake  Baikal. 
The  Altai  Mountains,  according  to  the  still  wider  usage  pre- 
vailing at  present,  e.\tend  through  6i  degrees  of  latitude, 
viz.,  from  the  vicinity  of  Tomsk,  at  the  N.  foot  of  the  Alatoo, 
or  from  lat.  56°  N.,  to  the  confluence  of  the  Bookhtarma  and 
Irtish,  in  lat.  49°  30'  N. ;  and  through  7  degrees  of  longitude, 
from  the  mountains  of  Kolyvan,  in  the  W.  (Ion.  82°  E.),  to 
the  Sayan  chain,  in  the  E. 

Like  all  the  other  great  Asiatic  ranges,  this  sj'stem  may 
be  regarded  as  a  spur  or  offshoot  of  the  great  Pameer  plateau, 
"  the  dome  of  the  world."  It  is  in  fact  not  a  range,  bu,t  a 
group  composed  of  many  ranges,  most  of  which  appear  to 
have  a  generally  E.  and  W.  direction.  These  ranges  occupy 
about  40,000  geographical  square  miles  of  Russian  terri- 
tory J  but  the  Altai  Mountains  also  cover  a  considerable 
part  of  Mongolia,  which  is  Chinese;  and  some  Kalmuks 
pay  taxes  to  the  agents  of  both  empires.  The  S.W.  slopes 
of  the  Oobinsk,  Oolbinsk,  and  Toorgoosoon  ranges  pour 
some  streams  into  the  Irtish,  while  the  N.E.  face  of  tho 
Alatoo  range  contributes  to  the  Yenisei ;  but  with  few  ex- 
ceptions tho  rivers,  which  are  large  as  well  as  numerous,  all 
flow  into  tho  main  branch  of  the  Obi.  The  Altai  group  has 
been  described  as  a  vast  promontory,  connected  on  the  S. 
with  tho  mainland  of  primitive  rocks,  and  surrounded  on 
the  other  three  sides  by  an  ocean  of  diluvial  deposits.  The 
physiognomy  of  the  Altai  Mountains  in  their  W.  and  S. 
divisions  is  generally  grand  and  interesting.  The  rivers, 
■which  are  very  numerous,  flow  rapidly  with  full  streams ; 
and  tho  forms  of  the  stratified  and  metamorphic  rocks,  of 
tho  limestones,  porphyry,  and  granite,  with  the  snowy 
mountains  in  the  distance,  lend  to  the  scene  the  charm  of 

Eerpetual  novelty.  The  banks  of  the  Katoonya,  in  the 
eart  of  tho  mountains,  present  a  landscape  of  most  im- 
pressive character :  an  immense  wall  of  rock  extending  from 
W.  to  E.  supports- fields  of  perpetual  snow  and  glaciers,  from 
the  midst  of  which  rise  numerous  rocky  points;  while  in 
the  distance  are  seen  the  two  towering  peaks  named  the 
Pillars  of  the  Katoonya,  which  are  supposed  to  be  the  high- 
est summits  of  the  Altai  Mountains.  The  absolute  height 
of  tho  Pillars  has  been  estimated  by  Dr.  Gebler  at  11,723 
feet,  and  by  Tchihatcheff  at  12,790  feet.  The  area  px)vered 
by  perpetual  snow  in  the  Altai  is  very  considerable,  but  the 
height  of  the  snow-line,  which  is  very  irregular,  does  not 
appear  to  have  been  yet  ascertained  by  exact  observation. 
In  the  S.  and  more  elevated  portion  of  the  Altai  its  general 
elevation  does  not,  perhaps,  fall  much  short  of  8000  feet. 
The  glaciers  occupy  a  large  extent,  but  they  never  descend 


far  below  the  snow-line.  The  Altai  Mountains  owe  their 
importance  chiefly  to  their  mineral  treasures,  gold,  tilrer 
copper,  and  iron.  A  variety  of  porphyry,  oomnionly  styled' 
jacper,  which  is  formed  in  tho  lathe  into  linnd8omo  vases 
and  takes  a  lino  polish,  may  bo  enumerated  among  tho  valu- 
able minerals  of  tho  Altai. 
Alt-Alsleben,  a  village  of  Prussia.  See  Alslebbx. 
Al  tamaha,  oirtq,-mi}-haw',  a  river  of  Georgia,  is  formed 
by  the  union  of  the  Ocmulgce  and  Oconee,  wliiuh  unite  at 
the  S.  extremity  of  Montgomery  co.  It  runs  southcastwanl 
and  enters  tho  Atlantic  Ocean  12  miles  below  Darien.  It 
is  nearly  150  uiilo.4  long. 

Alttinialia,  a  post-hamlot  of  Tatnall  oo.,  Oa.,  15  milei 
S.  of  Reidsvillo. 

Altamira,  il-tl-meo'ri,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of 
Tamaulipas,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Tampico. 

Altainoiit,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Ai.tomonte. 

Aitamont,  al't/l-mOnt,  a  |)08t-hamlet  of  Alameda  co., 
Cal.,  50  miles  by  rail  E.  of  San  Francisco. 

Altamoiit,  a  post-village  and  railway  centre  of  Effing< 
Lam  CO.,  III.,  75  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Springfield,  and  63 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Bement.  It  has  6  churches,  a  collegiate 
institute,  wood-working  mills,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop. 
about  1700.  "^ 

Aitamont,  an  incorporated  post-town  of  Labette  oo., 
Kansas,  27  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Columbus.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  public  school,  and  a  newspaper  oflice.     Pop.  600. 

Aitamont,  a  post-hamlet  of  Garrett  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Deer  Park. 

Aitamont,  a  post-villnge  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  at  the 
foot  of  tho  Ilelderberg  Mountains,  17  miles  by  rail  W.  of 
Albany.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  600. 

Aitamont,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Grundy  co.,  Tenn., 
about  76  miles  S.E.  of  Nashville.  It  is  on  the  Cumberland 
Mountain,  and  is  surrounded  by  interesting  scenery.  It 
has  a  hotel,  a  store,  <feo.     Pop.  100. 

Altamoiite  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Orange  oo., 
Fla.,  on  tho  Wekiva  River,  and  on  the  South  Florida  Rail- 
road, 13  miles  S.  of  Sanford.     Pop.  200. 

Altamura,  &l-t&-moo'r&,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  pror< 
ince  of  Bari,  at  the  foot  of  the  Apennines,  28  miles  S.W. 
of  Bari.  It  is  built  on  the  ruins  of  the  ancient  Liipiuia. 
It  has  a  trade  in  wine,  oil,  and  wheat.     Pop.  17,109. 

Altar,  &rtaR',  a  village  of  Mexico,  in  Sonora,  about  125 
miles  (direct)  N.N.W.  of  Guaymas.     Pop.  1800. 

Alt-Arad,&lt-&'r2lt  (Hun.  0  Arad,  oOr^od'),  afreecity, 
capital  of  the  county  or  district  of  Arad,  is  a  bishop's  see, 
and  contains  a  Greek  theological  seminary,  a  Catholic  gym- 
nasium, and  a  Wallachian  normal  school.  It  is  59  miles  by 
rail  E.S.E.  of  Szegedin.  It  manufactures  tobacco  and  snuft', 
and  has  an  important  fair,  second  only  to  the  fairs  of  i'esth 
and  Debreczin.     Pop.  32,725.    See  Nku-Arad. 

Altare,  il-t4'ri,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Genoa, 
10  miles  W.  of  Savona,  in  the  Ligurian  Alps.     Pop.  1760. 

Altata,  &l-t&'t&,  a  port  of  Mexico,  in  Cinaloa,  on  the 
Gulf  of  California,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Culiacan. 
Lat.  26°  3'  N.;  Ion.  108°  10'  W. 

Altavilla  Irpina,  il-t&-viria  Ir-pee'ni,  a  village  of 
Italy,  6  miles  N.  of  AvcUino.  It  has  mineral  gjjiings. 
Pop.  3500. 

Altavilla  Milicia,  me-lee'chi,  a  village  and  com- 
mune of  Sicily,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Termini.     Pop.  2720. 

Altavilla  Monferrato,  m6n-ffiR-na.'to,  a  village  of 
Italy,  province  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  1280. 

Altavilla  Silcntina,  see-15n-tee'ni,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Salerno,  10  miles  S.  of  Campagna.     Pop.  ;illO. 

Altavilla  Vicentina,  vee-ch5n-tce'ni,  a  village  of 
Italy,  province  and  4  miles  S.W.  of  Vicenza.     Pop.  1030. 

Alia  Vista,  all'ta  vis'ig,,  a  post-village  of  Wabuunsec 
CO.,  Kansas,  52  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Topeka,  and  15  miles 
S.W.  of  Alma.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  250. 

Aita  Vista,  a  post-hamlet  of  Daviess  co..  Mo.,  5  miles 
from  Winston  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Al-ta\val,  an  island  of  the  Red  Sea.    See  Attawal. 

Altay,  arta',  a  post-village  of  Schuyler  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Tyrone  township,  about  27  miles  N.N.W.  of  Elmira.  It 
has  1  church,  1  steam  flouring-mill,  and  2  saw-mills. 

Altay  3Iouutains,  or  Aita  Yeen  Oola.  See 
Altai. 

Alt-Berun,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Berun. 

Alt-Breisach,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Breisach. 

Alt-Iiruchhausen,  4lt  brooK'how'z^n,  a  town  of 
Prussia,  in  Hanover,  5  miles  W. N.W.  of  Hoya.     Pop.  11 11. 

Alt-Buntzlau,  ilt  boonts'low  {i.e.,  "Old  Buntzlau"), 
a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  the  Elbe,  opposite  Bnindcis,  14 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Prague.     It  has  a  collegiate  church,  with 


ALT 


476 


ALT 


a  monument  to  St.  Wenceslaus,  resorted  to  by  pilgrims. 
See  JuNG-BuNTZLAtr. 

Altbiiron,  ilt-bii'ron,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
of  Lucerne,  7  miles  N.W.  of  AVillisau.     Pop.  1091. 
Alt-Czetlicze,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Alt-Zedlitz. 
Altdamm,  ilt'dHmm,  a  fortified  city  of  Prussia,  prov- 
ince of  Pomerania,  4  miles  E.S.E.  of  Stettin,  where  the 
river  Pliino  flows  into  Dammsche-See.    Pop.  4298. 
Altdorf,  a  town  of  Switzerland.    See  Altorf. 
Altdorf)  ilt'doRf,  or  Altorf,  il'tonf,  a  town  of  Bavaria, 
on  the  Schwarzau,  13  miles  E.S.E.  of  Nuremberg.  Pop.  3160. 
Altdorf,  a  village  in  the  grand  duchy  of  Baden,  on 
the  high-road  from  Offenburg  to  Freiburg.     Altdorf  is  also 
the  name  of  numerous  other  unimportant  localities. 

Altdorf,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia,  2  miles  N.W.  of 
PlcBsc.     Poji.  1920. 

Altdorf  Weingarten,  <^In'gaRH§n,  a  village  of  Wiir- 
tcmberg,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Ravensburg.     Pop.  2450. 

Altca,  ll-ti'i,  a  seaport  town  of  Spain,  on  a  bay  of  the 
same  name,  province  and  27  miles  N.E.  of  Alicante,  on  the 
Mediterranean.     Pop.  5193. 

Alt-Eibau,  a,It-i'b5w,  or  Eibaa,  a  town  of  Saxony, 
fi  miles  S.E.  of  Ebersbach.  It  has  large  linen-works.  Pop. 
4598;  of  the  adjacent  Neu-Eibau,  864. 

Alten,  irt§n,  a  river  of  Norway,  province  of  Finmark, 
fitlls  into  the  Altcn-Fiord  after  a  course  of  about  50  miles. 
Altcna,  irt?-nS,,  a  town  of  Prussia,  AVestphalia,  18  miles 
S.W,  of  Arnsberg,  on  the  Lcnne.  Pop.  7122.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  needles,  gloves,  iron,  and  steel. 
.^^  Altena,  a  city  of  Prussia.  See  Altona. 
^^^k Altcnan,  3,rt?n-6wS  a  mining-town  of  Prussia,  in  Han- 
^^^vor,  in  the  Jlarz  Mountains,  E.  of  Clausthal.  Pop.  1368. 
^^Itcnau  is  also  the  name  of  several  other  villages  in  Prussia, 
j     Bavaria,  &c. 

Altcnbccken,  il't^n-bSk'^n,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in 

Westphalia,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Paderborn.     Pop.  1193. 

!        Altenberg,  M't^n-b^RG^  ("old  hill"),  the  name  of  nu- 

i     merous  towns,  villages,  and  districts  throughout  Germany, 

i     of  which  the  only  one  worthy  of  being  named  is  in  Saxony, 

f     20  miles  S.  of  Dresden,  capital  of  the  bailiwick  of  the  same 

I     name.     It  is  the  seat  of  local  courts  of  justice.     Pop.  2183. 

Altenberg,  Vieille-Montagne,  ve'Al'  m6N=Hin', 

f     Kalmis,  kil'mis,  or  Neutral  -Moresnet,  nuh'tril'  mo*- 

rds'nA,',  a  little  neutral  district,  on  the  frontier  of  the  Rhine 

province,  Prussia,  and  of  the  Belgian  province  of  Liege,  with 

f     a  village  of  the  same  names.     It  is  governed  conjointly  by 

}     Prussian  and  Belgian  officials,  the  Code  Napoleon  being  in 

I     force.    It  pays  a  tax  to  each  government.    Hat-making  and 

line-mining  are  leading  industries.     Pop.  3000. 
\        Altenbruch,  irten-br5oK\  a  parish  of  7  villages  in 
Pnispia.  Hanover.  4  miles  S.E.  of  Cuxhaven.     Pop.  2158. 
Allenburg,  duchy.  See  Saxe-Altenburg. 
Altcnbiirg,5.rten-booRG*  ("old  castle"),  a  city  of  Ger- 
many, capital  of  Saxe-Altenburg,  26  miles  S.  of  Leipsic  by 
railway.     Lat.  50°  56'  N. ;  Ion.  12°  27'  E.    It  is  built  upon 
«everal  hills,  has  some  fine  streets  and  many  handsome  edi- 
fices, and  is  the  seat  of  the  higher  court  and  government 
offices.     It  has  a  noi-mal  school,  a  fine  palace,  a  museum  of 
art,  a  gymnasium,  a  considerable  library,  hospitals,  philo- 
sophical, horticultural,  historical,  and  antiquarian  societies, 
a  drawing  academy,  a  theatre,  &o.     The  manufactures  are 
of  linen,  worsted,  brandy,  starch,  porcelain,  optical  instru- 
ments, Ac.     Pop.  22,263. 

Altcnburg  (Hun.  Magyar  Ocar,  mSd^yoR'  oV6r'),  a 
market-town  of  Hungary,  47  miles  S.E.  of  Vienna,  in  a 
marsh,  on  an  island  in  the  Leytha.  Pop.  3454.  At  least 
48  places  in  Germany  have  the  name  of  Altenburg. 

Altenburg,  all't§n-burg,  a  post-village  of  Perry  co.,  Mo., 
about  90  miles  S.S.E.  of  St.  Louis.  It  is  6  miles  W.  of  Grand 
Tower,  111.     It  has  2  churches,  1  flour-mill,  &c. 

Alteiidorf,  il't^n-doRr  ("old  village"),  the  name  of 
numerous  villages  in  Bavaria,  Austria,  Prussia,  Saxony,  Ac, 
Altendorf,  the  name  of  two  villages  of  Moravia  (Aus- 
tria), one  in  the  circle  of  Prerau  (pop.  1200),  another  in  the 
circle  of  Olmiitz,  with  large  manufactures  (pop.  2130). 

Altendorf,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  9  miles  E. 
of  Neuhaus.     Pop.  1696. 

Altendorf,  a  village  of  Prussian  Saxony,  11  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Sangerhausen.     Pop.  1245. 

Altendorf,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  11 
toiles  S.S.W.  of  Bochum.     It  has  coal-mines.     Pop.  2014. 

Altendorf,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  nearly  con- 
tiguous to  the  town  of  Ratibor.     Pop.  2990. 

Altendorf,  a  village  of  the  kingdom  of  Saxony,  4  miles 
W.  of  Chemnitz.     Pop.  1550. 

Altendorf,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Schwytz, 
on  the  S.  shore  of  Lake  Zurich.     Pop-  1296. 


Altendorf-Frohnhausen,  fron'hSw-z^n,  a  district 
or  suburb,  3  miles  E.  of  Essen,  Rhenish  Prussia,  has  maay 
coal-mines,  whose  output  is  employed  in  the  iron-  and  steel- 
works of  Essen.     Pop.  10,412. 

Altenessen,  3,rt?n-5s's?n,  a  suburb  of  Essen,  Rhenish 
Prussia,  2  miles  N.  of  that  city.  Much  coal  is  here  mined, 
partly  for  use  in  the  Essen  works  and  partly  for  shipment. 
Pop.,  with  surroundings,  11,000. 

Altengaard,  il't?n-goRd^  a  seaport  of  Norway,  Fin- 
mark,  on  the  Alton,  at  the  head  of  a  fiord,  53  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Hammerfest.     Lat.  69°  55'  N. ;  Ion.  23°  6'  20"  E. 

Alten-Gottcrn,  il'tcn-got't^rn,  a  village  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Erfurt.     Pop.  1591. 

Altenharen,  il't^n-hl'r^n,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in 
Hanover,  8  miles  N.  of  Mcppcn,  on  the  right  bank  of  tho 
Ems.     Pop.  1200. 

Altenneim,  &l't§n-himo\  a  village  of  the  grand  duchy 
of  Baden,  in  a  rich  champaign  country.     Pop.  2125. 

Altenhof,  il't?n-hor,  a  village  of  Prussia,  Sleswick,  3 
miles  S.E.  of  Eckernforde.     Pop.  506. 

Altenkirchen,irt?n-keeRK\n  (i.e.,  "old  churches"), 
a  fortified  town  of  Prussia,  16  miles  N.  of  Coblentz,  on  the 
Wied.  Pop.  1472.  There  are  several  other  places  in  Ger- 
many named  Altenkirchen. 

Altenmarkt,  il't^n-maRkt^  (i.e.,  "old  market"),  tho 
name  of  numerous  unimportant  places  in  Germany. 

Altenmarkt,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  nearly  adjacent  to 
the  town  of  Vilshofen,  being  just  S.  of  the  latter,  and  2  mile* 
S.  of  the  Danube.     Pop.  1401. 
Altenotting,  in  Germany.     See  Alt-Oetti.ng. 
AltenplatoAV,  M't^n-pliUov,  a  village  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  2  miles  N.W.  of  Genthin.     Pop.  1866. 

Altenstadt,  il'ten-stitt^  (i.e.,  "old  town"),  the  name 
of  seven  unimportant  places  in  Bavaria,  two  in  Hesse,  one 
in  AViirtemberg,  and  one  in  Austria. 

Altenstadt,  or  Altstadt,  &It'8t&tt,  a  village  of  Ger. 
many.  Lower  Alsace,  1  mile  S.E.  of  Wcissenburg.  Pop.  1217. 
Altenstadt,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Hesse-Darmstadt, 
5  miles  S.E.  of  Friedberg.     Pop.  1053. 

Altenstadt,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Wiirtemberg,  1 
mile  N.W.  of  Geislingen,  on  the  river  Fils.     Pop.  1365. 

Altensteig,  or  Altenstaig,  il't§n-stiG\  a  village  of 
Wiirtemberg,  in  tho  Black  Forest,  on  a  steep  mountain-side, 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Nagold.     Pop.  2005. 

AltenAveddingen,  a,rt?n-^M'ding-?n,  a  village  of 
Prussian  Saxony,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Wanzleben.  It  has  lig- 
nite-mines, lime-kilns,  <fec.     Pop.  2938. 

Alter-do-Cham  (or  Chao),  il-taiR'  do  sha,'6No  (al- 
most sh(5wNo),  a  walled  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Alem 
tejo,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Portalegre.     Pop.  2774. 

Altcr-do-Cham  (or  Ch^o),  41-taiR'  do  8hJ.'6N»,  a 
town  of  Brazil,  on  the  Tapajos,  at  its  junction  with  the 
Amazon,  10  miles  S.  of  Sautarem. 

AltcrsAveilen,  il't^rs-^i'l^n,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 

canton  of  Thurgau,  3  miles  S.S.E.  of  Constance.     Pop.  1195. 

Alterswyl,    il't^rs-^eer,    or    Juchschrot,    yCoK'- 

shrot,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Freyburg,  7  milea 

E.  of  Freyburg.     Pop.  1175. 

Altewalde,  S.l't^-'ftird^h,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia, 

7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ncisse.   It  has  lignite-mines.     Pop.  1523. 

Altgebirg,   ilt'gh§-beeRG\  a  town  of  Hungary,  120 

miles  N.  of  Pesth,  and  8  miles  from  Ncusohl.    It  has  mines 

of  argentiferous  copper.    Pop.  2184. 

Alt-Gradiska,  d.lt-gr&-dis'k&,  a  fortress  of  Austria, 
Slavonia,  on  the  Save,  opposite  Bcrbir,  or  Turkish  Gradiska, 
and  24  miles  S.W.  of  Posega.     Pop.  1560. 
Althaea,  the  ancient  name  of  Orgaz. 
Alt-Haldensleben,  ilt-hJll'd^ns-U^b^n,  a  town  of 
Prussian  Saxony,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Magdeburg.  Pop.  2020. 
Althamni  i^r,  ilt'him-m^r,  a  village  of  Austrian  Silesia, 
9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Friedeck.     Pop.  2315. 

Althard,  ilt'haRt,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Moravia,  on 
the  Thaya,  5  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Jamnitz.     Pop.  1150. 

Altheim,  ilt'him,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Baden,  6 
miles  S.E.  of  Waldurn.     Pop.  1181. 

Al  thorp  (airthprp)  Manor,  in  the  eo.  of  Northampton, 
England,  about  6  miles  N.W.  of  Northampton.  It  has  been 
possessed  by  the  Spencer  family  for  upwards  of  three  cen- 
turies, and  is  famous  for  its  noble  library. 

Alt'housc,  a  post-hamlet  of  Josephine  co.,  Oregon, 
about  30  miles  S.  of  Grant's  Pass. 

Altidona,  il-te-do'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Ascoli-Piceno,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Fermo,  and  near  the  Adriatic. 
Altier,  ilHe^d',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Loz^ro,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Viilefort.     Pop.  1290, 

Altilia,  or  Altiglia,  ai-teel'yi,  a  village  of  Italy,  in 
Hither  Calabria,  12  miles  S.  of  Cosenza.     Pop.  1194. 


A1.T 


47« 


ALT 


Altillac,  irtM'T&k',  R  village  of  France,  dopartmont  of 
CorrJzo,  U  tuilea  8.W.  of  Merooeur.     Pop.  1750. 
Altin,  or  Aityn,  Al-tin',  or  Teletskoi,  or  Telet* 

•koo,  U-lit-skoi',  a  lake  of  Siberia,  320  milca  S.S.E.  of 
Tomsk.  It  ia  of  irregular  shape,  75  miles  in  length  fh)m  N. 
to  S.,  by  20  miles  in  average  breadth,  and  is  traversed  by 
a  heSMi-strcam  of  the  Obi. 

Altino,  41-tce'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Chieti, 
10  miles  S.W,  of  Lanciano.     Pop.  1819. 

Altissimo,  il-tces'see-mo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
of  Viccnxa,  4  miles  N,AV.  of  Artignano.     Pop.  2124. 

Altivole,  il-toe'vo-li,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Treviso,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Asolo.     Pop.  2536. 

Alt'Jaischwitz,  a  town  of  Moravia.    See  Jaispitz. 

Alt-Kaninsebes,    See  ICarasskbes. 

Alt-Kurlistlial,  &lt  kanls't&l,  a  village  of  Austrian 
Sllesiii,  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Freudenthal.     Pop.  1990. 

Alt-Kecr,  a  village  of  Hungary.    See  0  Keer. 

Alt'Kcmtiitz,  ilt-kim'nits  ("Old  Kemnitz"),  a  town 
of  Prussian  Silesia,  33  miles  S.W.  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  1260. 

Altkirch,  dlt'kCSRK,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Upper 
Alsace,  on  the  Basel-Belfort  Railway,  17  miles  W.  of  Basel. 
It  has  extensive  potteries.     Pop.  2955. 

Altkloster,  alt'klSs-t^r,  a  village  of  Prussia,  province 
of  Posen,  11  miles  S.  of  Wollstein.     Pop.  1165. 

Altmannsdorf,  &lt'mfl,ns-doBf\  a  village  of  Austria,  8 
miles  S.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  1036. 

Ait'man's,  a  station  in  Hampton  co.,  S.C.,  on  the  Port 
Royal  Railroad,  36  miles  N.N.W.  of  Port  Royal. 

Altmark,  ilt'maRk,  a  former  district  of  Prussia,  to  the 
left  of  the  river  Elbe,  now  a  part  of  the  circle  of  Magdeburg. 

Altranrk,  a  village  of  Prussia,  province  of  Prussia,  6 
miles  E.  of  Stuhm.     Pop.  1137. 

Alt-Morschen,  iit-mon'sh^n,  a  village  of  Prussia, 
circle  of  Cassel,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Mclsungen.     Pop.  787. 

Altmilb],  ilt'mlll,  a  river  of  Bavaria,  rises  7  miles  N.E. 
of  Rothenburg,  passes  Leutershausen,  Gilnzenhausen,  and 
Eichstiidt,  and  joins  the  Danube  at  Kelheim.  The  Ludtcigs 
Canal,  108  miles  long,  or  canal  of  the  Maine  and  Danube, 
between  Bamberg  on  the  Regnitz  and  Dietfurt  on  the  Alt- 
miihl,  connects  the  Rhino  and  the  Danube. 

Al'tO)  a  post-hamlet  of  Banks  co.,  Ga.,  at  Longview 
Station  on  the  Piedmont  &  Air-Line  Railroad,  12  miles 
N.E.  of  Bellton.     Pop.  100. 

Alto,  a  post-village  of  Howard  co.,  Ind.,  5  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Kokomo.  It  has  2  churches,  2  saw-mills,  and  a  high 
school.     Pop.  300. 

Alto,  a  post-village  of  Richland  parish,  La.,  10  mile; 
S.  of  Rayville.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  250. 

Alto,  a  post-village  of  Cherokee  co.,  Tex.,  12  miles  by 
rail  S.S.E.  of  Rusk.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  high  school. 
Pop.  SOO, 

Alto,  a  township  and  hamlet  of  Fond  du  Lac  co..  Wis. 
Pop.  1411.     The  township  has  4  churches. 

Alto,  il'to,  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  province 
of  Catamarca,  50  miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Catamarca.  Pop. 
2022.  The  district  of  Alto  comprises  what  is  called  the 
Sierra  de  Alto,  a  mountainous  tract  belonging  to  the  Andes 
system.     Area,  4200  square  miles.     Pop.  9450. 

AltoDale,avillageof  Pennsylvania.     See  Funkstown. 

Alt-Oettiug,  41t-ot'ting  (j.e.,  "Old  Getting"),  or  Al- 
tenotting,  al't?n-otHing,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  41  miles  S.W. 
of  Passau.  Pop.  2664.  In  one  of  its  numerous  religious 
edifices  is  the  tomb  of  the  famous  Tilly. 

Alt-Ofen,  a,lt-6'f?n  {i.e.,  "  Old  Olen"),  (Hung.  0  liuda, 
"Old  Buda"),  a  suburb  of  Buda,  in  Hungary,  on  the  Danube, 
just  above  Buda;  has  large  wharves  and  steamboat-yards, 
and  a  splendid  synagogue.    Pop.,  with  surroundings,  16,000. 

Altotnonte,  irto  mon'ti,  or  Altamont,  irti-mont', 
a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Cosenza,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Cas- 
sano.     Pop.  3142. 

Altomilnster,  il'to-mun'st?r,  a  village  of  Upper  Ba- 
varia, circle  of  Aichach,  has  a  convent.     Pop.  1080. 

Alton,  airt9n,  a  town  of  England,  Hants,  on  the  Wey, 
16  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Winchester.     Pop.  4092. 

Alton,  airt^n,  a  handsome  city  and  river  port  of  Madi- 
son CO.,  111.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  8  miles  above  the 
mouth  of  the  Missouri,  25  miles  above  St.  Louis,  and  257 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Chicago.  Lat.  38°  20'  N.  It  is  the  south- 
vrest  terminus  of  the  Chicago  k  Alton  Railroad,  and  is  on 
the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quinoy  and  the  Springfield, 
Alton  &  St.  Louis  Railroads.  It  is  situated  on  a  high 
limestone  bluff,  which  rises  about  200  feet  above  the  river, 
and  is  built  on  hilly  or  uneven  ground.  It  contains  a  Roman 
Catholic  cathedral,  a  high  school,  15  churches,  a  Catholic 
bospital,  a  convent,  an  academy,  2  national  banks,  a  city 
hall,  and  a  public  library.     Two  daily  and  3  weekly  news- 


papers are  published  here.  Alton  is  the  seat  of  a  Culhulio 
bishop.  It  has  5  large  flourtng-inills,  a  woollon-lactory 
a  manufactory  of  church  organs,  and  several  ghiifs-fuutoriL's 
machine-shops,  brick-yards,  saw-mills,  pluiiing-millii,  (to., 
and  mnnufactures  of  lime,  cement,  cigars,  crackers,  farming- 
implements,  carriages,  beer,  plug  tobacco,  <fcc.  lluro  are 
valuable  quarries  of  limestone.  The  suburb  oallud  Upper 
Alton  (2  miles  from  the  city  hall)  contniiis  Wyuian's  Insti- 
tuto  for  boys,  and  is  the  seat  of  Shurtleff  Collegi-,  wiiich  was 
founded  in  1830  and  is  open  to  both  sexes.  Alton  is  tlie 
market  and  shipping-point  of  several  counties  from  which 
lime,  coal,  building  stone,  and  fruits  are  exported.  Pop.  in 
1860,  6;W2;  in  1870,8665;  in  1880,  8975;  in  1890,  10,294. 

Alton,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  about  28  miles  N.E.  of  Cannelton.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  saw-mill,  and  several  general  stores.     Pop.  137. 

Alton,  a  post-town  of  Sioux  co.,  Iowa,  at  a  railway 
junction,  16  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Le  Mars.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  ofiieo.     Pop.  800. 

Alton,  a  post-village  of  Osborne  co.,  Kansas,  24  miles 
by  mil  W.  of  Downs.  It  has  a  church  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  about  500. 

Alton,  a  post-village  of  Anderson  oo.,  Ky.,  0  uiileg  S. 
of  Frankfort.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  160. 

Alton,  a  post-office  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  in  Alton  town- 
ship, on  the  Bangor  &,  Piscataquis  Railroad,  23  miles  by  rail 
N.  of  Bangor.  The  township  has  a  tannery  and  2  saw-iuillg. 
The  soil  is  fertile.     Pop.  of  the  township,  508. 

Alton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  about  16  miles 
E.  of  Grand  llapids.     Pop.  about  80. 

Alton,  a  post-office  of  Faribault  co.,  Minn. 

Alton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Oregon  co.,  Mo.,  2i 
miles  E.  of  West  Plains,  and  about  160  miles  S.S.W.  of  St. 
Louis.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop, 
about  500. 

Alton,  a  post-township  of  Belknap  co.,  N.H.,  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  Winnepesaukee  Lake,  and  intersected  by  a 
branch  of  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad.  It  contains  vil- 
lages named  Alton  and  Alton  Bay,  and  has  manufactures  of 
lumber,  shoes,  &a.     Pop.  in  1880,  1476;  in  1890,  1372. 

Alton,  or  Alton  Corner,  a  post-village  of  Belknap 
CO.,  N.H.,  in  Alton  township,  on  the  Boston  k  Maine  Kail- 
roiid,  27  miles  N.W.  of  Dover.  It  has  2  churches,  a  savings- 
bank,  graded  school,  <fce. 

Alton,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Sodus  town- 
ship, on  the  Lake  Ontario  Shore  Railroad,  36  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Oswego.  It  has  2  churches,  a  steam  saw-mill,  planing- 
mill,  and  about  60  residences. 

Alton,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  0.,  on  the  National 
Road,  1  mile  from  the  Columbus,  Chicago  &  Indiana  Central 
Railroad,  on  which  road  is  Alton  Station,  and  9  miles  W.  of 
Columbus.     It  has  a  church. 

Alton,  or  Mount  Alton,  a  station  of  McKean  co.,  Pa» 
on  the  Bradford  Branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of 
Smethport,  and  1  mile  from  Buttsville.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Alton,  a  post-village  in  Cardwell  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
river  Credit,  44^  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Toronto.  It  has 
good  water-power,  and  contains  saw-mills,  flour-  and  grist- 
mills, an  axe-factory,  a  woollen-factory,  cabinet-factories,  and 
a  steam  shingle-  and  lath-factory.     Pop.  400. 

Altona,  or  Altena,  il'tp-ni,  a  city  and  free  port  of 
Prussia,  in  Holstein,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Elbe,  a  little 
below  Hamburg.  It  is  accessible  to  sea-going  vessels,  and 
has  a  large  trade  by  rail  and  river.  Among  the  buildings 
may  be  mentioned  a  gymnasium,  with  a  library  of  12,t)l)U 
volumes,  an  orphan  hospital,  a  large  infirmary,  and  a  city 
hall.  Perhaps  the  most  important  manufacture  of  Altona 
is  that  of  tobacco.  There  are  also  soap-  and  oil-works,  dye- 
works,  sugar  refineries,  chemical  works,  vinegar-works, 
roperies,  tanneries,  and  breweries,  famous  for  their  beer. 
Pop.  in  1880,  90,749;  in  1890,  14;{,249.  Other  places  ia 
different  parts  of  Germany  have  the  name  of  Altona. 

Altoua,  al-to'na,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co..  111.,  in 
Walnut  Grove  townsihip,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  k 
Quincy  Railroad,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Galcsburg,  and  148 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  5  churclies,  a  graded 
school,  a  bank,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  about  800. , 

Altona,  a  post-hamlet  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind.,  in  Rich- 
land township,  4  or  5  miles  N.W.  of  Auburn.  It  is  1  mil« 
from  Garrett  Railroad  Station. 

Altona,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mecosta  co.,  Mich.,  in  Hinton 
township,  lOi  miles  from  Morley  Railroad  Station.  It  has 
a  church,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  80.. 

Altona,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bates  co..  Mo.,  about  56  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Kansas  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Altona,  a  post-village  of  Altona  township,  Clinton  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Ogdensburg  k  Lake  Cliamplain  Railroad,  36 


ALT 


477 


ALU 


I  miles  E.  of  Malone,  and  about  16  miles  N.  by  W.  from 
'  Plattsburg.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  iron 
'  and  lumber.  The  township  has  4  forges,  2  tanneries,  and 
11  saw-mills.     Pop.  of  township,  2368. 

Altoiia,  Wis.     See  New  Holstein  and  Bridge  Switch. 

Altona,  a  post- village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  4'i  miles 
i  from  StouflVille.     Pop.  100. 

Alton  (all'tpn)  Bay,  a  post-village  of  Belknap  co., 
K.H.,  in  Alton  township,  on  Lake  Winnepesaukee,  and  on  a 
branch  of  the  Boston  <fc  Maine  Railroad,  28  miles  N.W.  of 
Dover.  It  has  a  hotel,  a  steamboat-landing,  and  about  20 
iwellings. 

Alton  Corner,  a  village.  New  Hampshire.  See  Alton. 

Alton  Hill,  a  po.°t-oilice  of  Macon  co.,  Tenn.,  25  miles 
B.N.E.  of  Gallatin. 

Al'ton  Junc'tion,  or  Em'erald,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Madison  co..  111.,  3  or  4  miles  E.  of  Alton,  and  21  miles  N.  by 
E.  of  St.  Louis.  It  is  on  the  Indianapolis  <fe  St.  Louis  Railroad, 
at  its  junction  with  the  St.  Louis,  Rock  Island  &  Chicago 
Railroad.     It  has  a  manufactory  of  fire-bricks  and  tiles. 

Altoona,  al-too'na,  a  post-town  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa,  11 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
high  school,  a  bank,  manufactures  of  tile  and  brick,  brooms, 
flour  and  feed,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  500. 

Altoona,  a  post-town  of  Wilson  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Verdigris  River,  21  miles  N.  of  Independence.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  <fcc.     Pop.  300. 

Altoona,  a  city  of  Blair  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  at  the  eastern  base  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains, 
117  miles  E.  of  Pittsburg,  237  miles  W.N.W.  of  Philadel- 
phia, and  132  miles  W.  by  N.  from  Ilarrisburg.  Here  the 
railroad  begins  to  ascend  the  mountain  by  a  grade  so  steep 
that  two  locomotives  are  attached  to  each  train.  A  branch 
railroad  extends  from  Altoona  southward  to  Henrietta. 
Locomotives  and  railroad-cars  are  manufactured  here  in 
extensive  machine-shops  belonging  to  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad  Company.  Four  daily  and  6  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.  Altoona  is  supplied  with  water  by 
hydraulic  works  which  cost  about  $500,000.  It  has  21 
churches,  viz.,  2  Baptist,  4  Catholic,  1  Church  of  God,  1 
Dunkard,  1  Episcopal,  I  German  Lutheran,  1  German 
Reformed,  2  Lutheran,  5  Methodist,  2  Presbyterian,  and 
1  United  Brethren;  also  2  convents,  a  high  school,  a  public 
library,  2  national  banks,  2  other  banks,  a  rolling-mill, 
several  planing-mills,  iron-works,  <fco.  Pop.  in  1860,  3591; 
in  1870,  10,610;  in  1880,  19,710;  in  1890,  30,337. 

Altoona,  a  post-town  of  Eau  Claire  co..  Wis.,  3  miles 
by  rail  E.  from  Eau  Claire  city. 

Altoon-Kupree,  or  Altun-Kiupri,  il'toon^  kyoo'- 
pree  (i.e.,  "golden  bridge"),  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  on 
the  Zab  Asl'al,  60  miles  E.S.E.  of  Mosul.     Pop.  2000. 

Alto  Pass,  a  post-village  of  Union  co..  III.,  on  the 
Cairo  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  48  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Cairo. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  public  school.     Pop.  437. 

Altort',  or  Altdorf,  il'tonf,  a  town  of  Switzerland, 
capital  of  the  canton  of  Uri,  near  the  S.  extremity  of  the 
Lake  of  Lucerne,  and  9^  miles  S.  of  Schwytz.  It  has  a 
statue  of  William  Tell,  said  to  mark  the  place  where  Tell 
shot  the  apple  off  his  son's  head.  Pop.  2724.  Burglen,  the 
reputed  birthplace  of  Tell,  is  in  the  immediate  vicinity. 

Altorf,  a  town  of  Bavaria.    See  Altdorf. 

Alt-Orsova,  or  Alt-OrschoAva,  ilt-oR-sho'<5^i,  a 
village  of  Hungary,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Danube,  3 
miles  above  Orsova.  It  is  on  the  Roumanian  frontier,  and 
has  a  custom-house  and  a  quarantine  station.     Pop.  1090. 

Alt«Ueusch,  a  town  of  Moravia.    Sec  Reusch. 

Altringham,all'tring-am,  or  Altrincham,  a  market- 
town  of  England,  co.  of  Chester,  8  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of 
Manchester.     Pop.  8478. 

Altroif,  iU'Roif^,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Alsace-Lor- 
raine, 21  miles  E.N.E.  of  Chateau-Salins.     Pop.  1041. 

Alt-Kuppin,  ilt-roop^peen',  a  town  of  Prussia,  2  miles 
N.E.  of  Neu-Ruppin.     Pop.  2112. 

Alt'Saalfeld,  ilt-s.5.rf51t,  a  village  of  Saxe-Meiningen, 
Germ.Tny,  on  the  Saale,  opposite  Saalfeld.     Pop.  390. 

Alt-Salm,  fl,lt-silm,  or  Vieil-Salm,  v^-61'  (or  vi-kV) 
«&lm,  a  town  of  Belgium,  31  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Liege,  on 
the  Salm,  an  affluent  of  the  Ambleve.     Pop.  2600. 

Alt-Sanct-Johann,  ilt-sdnkt-yo'hin',  a  village  of 
Switzerland,  in  St.  Gall,  9  miles  W.  of  Wildhaus.     Pop.  1545. 

Alt-Schialkowitz,  Prussia.    See  Schialkowitz. 

Altschweier,  ilt'sh*ir',  a  village  of  Germany,  in 
Baden,  circle  of  Baden.     Pop.  1101. 

Aitshausen,  ilts-hSw'zen,  or  Altschhausen,  Mtsh- 
h5w'z?n,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Wiirtemberg,  6  miles 
S.E.  of  Saulgau.     Pop.  2232. 

Altsohl,  ilt'zor  (Lat.  Zolium;  Hung.  Zolyom,  or  Z%eo- 


len),  a  town  of  Hungary,  72  miles  N.  of  Pesth,  on  the  river 
Gran,  and  on  the  railway  from  Pesth  to  Szolna,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Rosenberg  branch.     Pop.  2047. 

Altstadt,  ilt'stitt^,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Bohemia,  8 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Neu-Bistritz.     Pop.  1300. 

Altstadt,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Moravia,  3  miles 
from  Mahrisch-Triibau.     Pop.  1250. 

Altstadt,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Moravia,  50  milea 
N.N.W.  of  Olmutz.     Pop.  1500. 

Altstadt,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Moravia,  on  the  March, 
opposite  Hradisch.     Pop.  2086. 

Altstadt-Waldenburg,  ilt'stitt^  ^41d'§n-b6onG\ or 
Alt-Waldenburg,  a  southern  suburb  of  the  town  of 
Waldenburg,  in  Saxony.     Pop.  1435. 

Altstatten,  ilt'st§tH§n,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton 
of  St.  Gall,  on  the  Rorschach-Chur  Railway,  15  miles  by  rail 
S.  of  Rorschach.     It  has  mineral  springs.     Pop.  7575. 

Altstatten,  or  Altstetten,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  of  Zurich,  3  miles  N.N.W.  of  Zurich,  on  the  Zurich- 
Olten  Railway.     Pop.  1187. 

Altstrelitz,  ilt-stri'lits,  a  town  of  Mecklenburg-Stre- 
litz,  in  a  plain,  near  the  Muhlenbach,  which  here  forms  a 
lake,  58  miles  N.N.W.  of  Berlin.     Pop.  2997. 

Alt-Treptow,  ilt-trfip'tov,  a  town  of  Prussia,  Pome- 
rania,  17  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bemmin,  on  the  Tollen  Lake.  It 
has  manufactures  of  woollens  and  linen,  tanneries,  and  dis- 
tilleries.    Pop.  3930. 

Arttun-Kiupri,  Turkey.    See  Altoon-Kupree. 

Altura,  il-too'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Valencia,  on  tn* 
right  bank  of  the  Palaucia,  25  miles  W.S.W.  of  Castellon 
de  la  Plana.     Pop.  2300. 

Altu'ras,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Idaho.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Snake  River,  or  Lewis  Fork  of 
the  Columbia,  and  is  drained  by  the  Malade  and  BoisS 
Rivers.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  mountains,  prairies, 
and  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  grass, 
and  potatoes  are  raised  here.  Rocks  of  volcanic  origin  un- 
derlie the  valley  of  the  Snake  River.  The  great  Shoshone 
Falls  are  on  the  border  of  this  county.  Gold  and  silver  are 
the  chief  articles  of  export.  Capital,  Hailey.  Pop.  in 
1870,  689;  in  1880,  1693;  in  1890,  2629. 

Alturas,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Modoc  co.,  Cal.,  1  milo 
from  Goose  Lake,  about  110  miles  N.  of  Reno.  It  has  a 
church,  a  public  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  512. 

Al'tus,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co..  Ark.,  120  mik-s 
by  rail  W.  of  Little  Rock,  and  45  miles  E.  of  Fort  Smith. 
It  ij  in  a  fine  fruit-growing  region,  and  has  3  churches  and 
a  college.     Pop.  350. 

Altus,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  about  6  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Troy. 

Alt-Waldenburg.    See  Altstadt-Waldenburg. 

Alt-Warnsdorf,  ilt-waRns'doRf,  or  >Varnsdorf,  a 
town  of  Bohemia,  on  the  Saxon  border,  at  a  railway  junc- 
tion, 15  miles  W.  of  Zittau.  It  has  important  mines  of 
brown  coal,  cotton-mills,  print-works,  and  manufactures  of 
table-cloths.     Pop.  13,180. 

Altwarp,  3,lt'<v-aRp,  a  village  of  Prussia,  Pomerania,  on 
the  Stettiner-Haff,  10  miles  E.  of  Uckermiinde.  Pop.  1408. 

Altwasser,  &lt-^is'ser,  a  village  of  Prussia,  35  milea 
S.W.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  3588. 

Altyn,  a  lake  of  Siberia.     See  Altin. 

Ait-Zedlitz,  ilt-tsWlitz,  or  Alt-Czetlicze,  ilt- 
chSt-lec'chi,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Haida. 
Pop.  1860. 

Altzey,  a  town  of  Germany.    SccAlzey. 

Alum-Bagh,afortof  India,  about  4  miles  from  Luck- 
now  ;  famous  during  the  mutiny  of  1857  for  its  long  defence 
by  Sir  James  Outram,  with  a  garrison  of  3500  men,  against 
a  large  native  force,  it  being  then  the  only  place  in  Oude 
held  by  the  British. 

Al'um  Bank,  or  Pleasantville,  a  post-borough  of 
Bedford  co..  Pa.,  about  15  miles  N.  of  Bedford.  It  has  4 
churches.     Pop.  450. 

Alum  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Delaware  co.,  0.;  also 
the  name  of  a  railroad  station  5  miles  N.E.  of  Columbus. 

Alum  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bastrop  co.,  Tex.,  50 
miles  S.E.  of  Austin. 

Alum  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tucker  co.,  W.  Va.,  about 
5  miles  S.E.  of  St.  George. 

Alum  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Floyd  co.,  Va.,  10 
miles  W.  of  Floyd  Court-House. 

Alum  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarion  co..  Pa.,  about 
20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Franklin. 

Alum  Springs,  a  post-office  and  watering-place  of 
Boyle  CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  Knoxville  Branch  of  the  Louisville 
<fc  Na*hville  Railroad,  4i  miles  from  Danville.  Here  are 
chalybeate,  sulphur,  and  magnetic  springs. 


km 


478 


AM  A 


Alnm  Springs,  Va.  See  Rockbriimib  Alcu  Sprinoi 
and  JoHDAX  Alum  Sprixok. 

Alum  Well,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hawkins  oo.,  Tenn.,  8 
milei  M.W.  of  Kogcnivillo.  It  has  3  churches,  and  a  semi- 
nary.    Hero  arc  mineral  springs. 

Alum  Wells,  apost-uffioo  and  watering-plooe  of  Wash- 
ington 00.,  Va.     It  has  1  church. 

Alun,  a  village  of  Austria.     8eo  Nttssdach. 

Alushta,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Alooshta. 

Alnta,  a  river  of  Transylvania.     See  Aux)ta. 

Alva,  il'vf,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Stirling,  7 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Stirling.     Pop.  4096. 

AI'vn,  a  post-office  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas,  about  50  miles 
K.W.  of  Clay  Centre. 

Alva'da,  or  Alve'da,  a  post-hamlet  of  Seneca  co.,  0., 
on  the  Columbus  &  Toledo  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Curoy. 

Alvaiazerc,  a  village  of  Portugal.   See  Alvayazrrr. 

Al'var%  Al'war',  or  Al'wur',  a  town  of  India,  capi- 
Ul  of  the  Alvar  state,  85  miles  S.S.W.  of  Delhi.  Lat.  27° 
80'  N. ;  Ion.  77°  E.     Pop.  52,357. 

Alvar,  Alwar,  Alwur,  Me'ivat,  or  Macher'ry,  a 
native  state  of  India,  in  Rajpootana,  enclosed  by  the  states 
of  Bhurtpoor  and  Jeypoor,  the  district  of  Goorgaon,  Ac.  It 
is  75  miles  long  and  about  half  as  wide.  Area,  3573  square 
miles.  It  is  governed  by  a  mahanijah  under  British  direc- 
tion. The  people  are  sometimes  called  Mewatties.  Capital, 
Alvar.     Pop.  778,596. 

Alvaraao,  &l-v&-r&'no,  a  small  town  and  port  of  Mex- 
ico, 40  miles  S.E.  of  Vera  Cruz.  The  port  is  capable  of 
admitting  vessels  of  12  and  13  feet  draught. 

Al varado,  a  river  of  Mexico,  formed  by  several  streams, 
rising  in  the  mountains  of  Onjaca,  falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Mex- 
ico through  the  harbor  of  Alvarado,  after  flowing  a  direct 
distance  of  120  miles. 

Alvarado,  al-va-rah'do,  a  post-village  of  Alameda  co.. 
Gal.,  on  Alameda  Creek,  24  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  San  Fron- 
ciseo.     It  has  2  churches  and  3  salt-factories.     Pop.  600. 

Alvarado,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  co.,  Ind.,  about  40 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Fort  Wayne.     It  has  a  church. 

Alvarado,  a  city  of  Johnson  co.,  Tex.,  26  miles  by  rail 
S.  of  Fort  Worth,  and  about  155  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Austin 
City.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks,  a  masonic  institute, 
public  schools,  a  newspaper  office,  railroad  machine-shops, 
<fcc.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Alvarez,  il-vi-rflz',  a  village  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  9 
miles  S.  of  Arganil.     Pop.  3136. 

Alvayazerc,  &l-vi-i-zi'ri,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
Kftrcmadura,  31  miles  S.  of  Coimbra.     Pop.  1708. 

Alvcda,  a  railway  station,  Ohio.     See  Alvada. 

Alvcnsleben,  Al'v^ns-l^'b^n,  a  village  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Neu-Haldensleben.     Pop.  1060. 

Al  verca,  il-v5R'ki,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Estremadura, 
on  the  Tagus,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Lisbon.     Pop.  1705. 

Alveringhem,  &l'fi$r-ing\m,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
West  Flanders,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Fumes.     Pop.  2870. 

Alvernia,  &l-vdR'ne-&,  a  village  of  Italy,  on  a  mountain 
of  its  own  name,  2  miles  N.  of  Chiusi.  Its  monastery, 
founded  a.d.  1218  by  St.  Francis  of  Assisi,  was  the  cradle 
of  the  Franciscan  order. 

AI'verson,  a  post-office  of  Ingham  co.,  Mich.,  13  miles 
£.  of  Lansing. 

Alvignano,  &l-veen-y&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  5  miles  N. 
of  Cnjazzo.     Pop.  3588. 

AI'vin,  a  post-town  of  Vermilion  co..  111.,  in  Ross 
township,  13  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Danville.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  public  school.     Pop.  about  600. 

Alvin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  Neb.,  12  miles 
from  Grand  Island. 

Alvincz,  fiPvints',  a  town  of  Transylvania,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Maros,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Karlshurg.     Pop.  1600. 

AI'vinston,  a  post-village  in  Lnmbton  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Big  Bear  Creek,  35  miles  by  rail  W.  from  St.  Thomas.  It 
has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  public  school,  a  newspaper  office, 
woollen-  and  flour-mills,  stave-works,  &,a.     Pop.  1200. 

Alvi'ra,  a  post-village  of  Union  co..  Pa.,  about  10  miles 
S.  of  Williamsport.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  100. 

Alviso,  al-ve'zo,  a  post-village  of  Santa  Clara  co.,  Cal., 
on  Coyote  Creek,  about  1  mile  from  the  southeast  end  of 
San  Francisco  Bay,  and  8  or  9  miles  N.  W.  of  San  Jo86.  It 
has  a  public  hall,  a  paper-mill,  a  flour-mill,  and  several 
warehouses.  Grain  and  nay  are  shipped  here  in  schooners. 
Pop.  about  300. 

Alvito,  41-vec'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta, 
7  miles  S.E.  of  Sora.     Pop.  3985. 

Alvito,  il-vee'to,  a  village  of  Portugal,  on  the  Lisbon- 
Beja  Railw.ay,  19  miles  N.N.W.  of  Beja.     Pop.  1805. 

Al'von,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greenbrier  co.,  W.  Va.,  10 


miles  from  the  White  Sulphur  Springs.  It  has  3  churohes, 
and  manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber. 

AI'vord,  a  pust-village  of  Wise  oo.,  Tex.,  on  the  Fort 
Worth  <t  Denver  Railroad,  51  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Fort 
Worth.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  an  academy,  a  news- 
paper  office,  and  manufactures  of  saddlery  and  oarriagos. 
Pop.  about  750. 

Al'vordton,  a  post- village  of  Williams  co.,  Ohio,  ;it 
the  crossing  of  2  railroads,  28  miles  N.  of  Defiance.  It 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  300. 

Alvur,  or  Alwur,  Hindostan.     See  Alvar. 

Alyth,  &'lith,  a  market-town  of  Scotland,  cos.  of  Perth 
and  Forfar,  12  miles  W.  of  Forfar.     Pop.  2134. 

Alzano  di  Sotto,  &l-z&'no  dee  s5t'to,  or  Alzano 
Maggiore,  &l-z&'no  m&J  jo'ri,  a  village  of  Italy,  3  u.ilos 
N.E.  of  Bergamo.     Pop.  2436. 

Alzey,  &lt'sl,  a  town  of  Hesse,  on  the  Selz,  and  on  a 
railway,  19  miles  S  S.W.  of  Mentz.     Pop.  5240. 

Amacura,  &-m&-koo'r&,  a  river  of  Venezuela,  falling 
into  the  great  southern  mouth  of  the  Orinoco  in  lat.  8°  34' 
N.  and  Ion.  60°  7'  W.  It  is  navigable  for  small  vessels  to 
the  influx  of  the  Yarakita,  lat.  8°  N. 

Amacusa,  an  island  of  Japan.     See  Amakoosa. 

Amadecych,  Amadian,  or  Amadich,  Jl-m&-dce'- 
ya,  a  fortified  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  in  Koordistan,  on  a 
tributary  of  the  Tigris,  65  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mosul.  It  is  the 
seat  of  a  Chaldean  archbishop. 

Amador,  l-ml-dOr'  or  am'a-dor,  a  county  near  the  cen- 
tral part  of  California,  has  an  area  estimated  at  850  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Cosumnes  River,  and 
is  also  drained  by  the  Mokclumne,  which  forms  part  of  the 
southern  boundary.  The  eastern  part  of  the  county  is  moun- 
tainous. The  surface  is  diversified  by  fertile  valleys  and 
large  forests,  from  which  lumber  is  procured.  Granite, 
marble,  limestone,  and  gold  are  found  here.  Barley,  wine, 
and  wool  are  among  the  staple  products  of  the  county. 
Capital,  Jackson.  Pop.  in  1870,  9582  j  in  1880,  11,384;  in 
1890,  10,320. 

Amador,  am'a-dor,  a  post  hamlet  of  Wopello  co.,  Iowa, 
about  lit  miles  S.W.  of  Ottumwa. 

Amador,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co.,  Kans.is,  in  Clif- 
ford township,  14  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Florence.  It  has  3 
churohes. 

Amador,  a  hamlet  of  Amador  township,  Chisago  co., 
Minn.,  on  the  St.  Croix  River,  about  48  miles  N.N.E.  of 
St.  Paul.     Pop.  of  township,  150. 

Amador  City,  a  post-village  of  Amador  co.,  Cal.,  about 
42  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sacramento.  It  has  a  church  and  public 
schools.     Gold  is  mined  here.     Pop.  (1890)  984. 

Am'adorc^,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Worth  township,  on  the  Port  Huron  <fc  Northwestern  Rail- 
road, 20  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Port  Huron,  and  4  miles  from 
Lake  Huron.    It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  and  3  stores. 

Am^agan'set,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of 
Sufl'olk  CO.,  N.Y.,  is  in  the  E.  part  of  Long  Island,  nearly 
1  mile  from  the  ocean,  and  10  miles  S.E.  of  Sag  Harbor. 
It  has  several  churches,  and  a  good  shore  for  bathing. 

Amagat,  am'i-gat,  a  small  island  of  Alaska,  near  the 
coast  of  Aliaska  jieninsula.     It  has  hot  springs. 

Amager,  a'mi-gh§r,  sometimes  erroneously  called 
Amak,  an  island  of  Denmark,  separated  from  the  island 
of  Seeland  and  the  city  of  Copenhagen  merely  by  the  harbor 
of  the  latter.     Area,  about  20  square  miles. 

Amak  (i'mak)  Island,  ofl'  the  coast  of  Alaska,  lat.  5C' 
32'  N.,  Ion.  163°  W.,  has  a  volcanic  peak  2000  feet  high. 

Amakoosa,  Amakousa,  Amakusa,  or  Amn- 
cusa,  &-mi-koo'si,  an  island  in  the  Japanese  Empire,  off 
the  W.  coast  of  the  island  of  Kioo-Sioo. 

Amakootan,  or  Amakutan.    See  Osekotax. 

Amakosa,  a  nation  of  KafFres.     See  Kaffraria, 

Amakuchi,  a  town  of  Greece.     See  Amaxichi. 

Amalfi,  i-mil'fee  (L.  Amal'phig),  a  decayed  city  and 
seaport  of  Italy,  on  the  Gulf  of  Salertio,  and  23  miles  S.E. 
of  Naples.  Lat.  40°  38'  N. ;  Ion.  14°  37'  10"  E.  The  posi- 
tion of  the  city  is  extremely  picturesque,  extending  over 
the  summits  of  lofty  rocks  crowned  with  embattled  walls 
and  ruined  towers.  Its  trade  has  now  almost  disap- 
peared, and  with  it  the  greater  proportion  of  the  po])ul!i- 
tion,  which  once  exceeded  50,000.  Amalfi  rose  early  into 
importance,  having  attained  the  height  of  its  prosperity 
during  the  eleventh  century,  at  which  time  it  was  the  great 
mart  of  all  kinds  of  Eastern  merchandise.  It  became  an 
independent  republic,  and  continued  to  retain  its  rank  as  a 
commercial  city  for  several  centuries,  when  it  fell  into  decay. 
It  is  an  archbishop's  sec ;  has  important  manufactures  of 
paper,  soap,  and  macaroni ;  has  a  fine  old  cathedral,  a  naval 
school,  and  many  antiquities.     Pop.  6506. 


l| 


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Amain,  i-in41'fee,  a  village  of  the  republic  of  Colom- 
bia, stiite  of  Antioquia,  65  miles  N.E.  of  Medellin,  in  a 
region  rich  in  gold,  timber,  and  cattle.     Pop.  273S. 

AmaPJapooram',  or  Ammalapoor',  a  town  of 
Ilindostan,  in  the  Circars,  on  one  of  the  outlets  of  the  Go- 
i  davery,  65  miles  E.N.E.  of  Masulipatam.     Its  inhabitants, 
j  who  exceed  5000,  are  engaged  in  weaving  cotton  fabrics. 
I    .  Amalphis,  the  Latin  for  Amalfi. 
■      Ainaithea,  a-mal'the-a,  or  more  correctly  a-mal-the'a, 
a  village  of  Franklin  co.,  0.,  in  Blendon  township,  on  Ga- 
hanna  Creek,  3  miles  from  Westerville  Railroad  Station,  and 
(  about  13  miles  N.N.B.  of  Columbus.     It  has  2  churches  and 
an  academy.   The  name  of  the  post-oflSce  is  Central  College. 
i      Amambahi,  i-mim-bi'ee',  or  Amambay,  S,-m3,m- 
.  bi',  a  mountain-range   and   river  of  Brazil :   the   former, 
about  200  miles  long,  forms  the  water-shed  between  the 
Parana  and  Paraguay  Rivers ;  and  from  its  eastern  slope 
flows  the  river  to  the  Parana,  which  it  joins  after  a  course 
of  about  100  miles. 
I      Amana,  i-mi-nl',  a  river  of  Venezuela,  province  of 
I  Cumana,  rises  near  Urica,  and  falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Paria. 
[  Length,  140  miles. 

:      Amana,  i-m3,-n8,',  a  lake  in  Brazil,  formed  by  a  bi- 

!  furcation  of  the  Tijuaca.     It  lies  in  lat.  2°  35'  S.,  Ion.  64° 

38'  W.,  and   is   about   20  miles  long  by  10  miles  broad. 

About  8  miles  N.  of  the  lake  is  a  village  of  the  same  name. 

Am 'ana,  a  post- village  of  Iowa  co.,  Iowa,  in  Amana 
township,  26  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Cedar  Rapids,  is  the 
principal  abode  of  the  "  Community  of  True  Inspiration," 
a  society  of  German  Protestant  Christians,  followers  to  some 
extent  of  Bohrae  and  Schwenkenfeld.  They  removed 
hither  in  1854  from  Ebenczer,  N.Y.  Pop.  in  1890,  about 
600;  township,  1687. 

Amance,  i'm6xss'  (anc.  Amen'tia  ?),  a  village  of  France, 
department  of  Meurthe,  37  miles  N.AV.  of  Nancy.    Pop.  470. 

Aman'da,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  0.  Pop.  1376. 
It  contains  Royalton  and  New  Strasburg. 

Amanda,  a  village  of  Butler  co.,  0.,  in  Lemon  town- 
ship, on  the  Miami  Canal,  about  10  miles  N.E.  of  Hamilton, 
and  1  mile  E.  of  the  Miami  River.  It  is  1  mile  from  Hen- 
derson Railroad  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  1  academy,  1 
flouring-mill,  and  1  paper-mill.     Pop.  226. 

Amanda,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.,  in  Amanda 
township,  12  miles  by  rail  N.E.  from  Circleviile,  and  7 
miles  S.W.  of  Lancaster.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  public 
school.     Pop.  500. 

Amanda,  a  township  of  Hancock  co.,  0.     Pop.  1469. 

Aman'daviile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hart  co.,  Ga.,  10 
miles  S.  of  Hartwell. 

Amandaville,  a  post- village  of  Cumberland  co.,  Ky., 
on  Crocus  Creek,  55  miles  E.  of  Glasgow.  It  has  a  church, 
a  grist-mill,  and  several  oil-wells;  It  is  2  or  3  miles  from 
the  Cumberland  River. 

Amandola,  a,-min'do-l8,,  a  town  of  Italy,  16  miles 
N.W.  of  Ascoli.     Pop.  4761. 

Amandopolis,  the  ancient  name  of  Saint-Amand. 

Amanian  Gates,  a  pass  of  Syria.     See  Beilan. 

Amanlis,  A^mfixoMee',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Ille-et-Vilaine.     Pop.  2409. 

Aniantea,  a,-mj,n-t4'a.,  a  fortified  seaport  of  Italy,  15 
miles  S.W.  of  Cosenza.     Pop.  4480. 

Amanus,  a  mountain  of  Turkey.    See  Alma-Dagh. 

Amapala,  A-mi'pi-lS,,  a  port  of  entry  of  Honduras,  on 
the  Pacific  coast,  lat.  13°  17'  N.,  Ion.  87°  34'  W.,  is  on  the 
island  of  Tigre,  in  the  Gulf  of  Conchagua.  It  is  799  miles 
from  Panama  by  the  Pacific  Mail  Steamship  Company's 
steamers,  and  2674  miles  from  San  Francisco,     Pop.  1000. 

Am'aqua,  a  township  of  Boone  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  468. 

Amarakan'taka,  Amarkan'tak,  or  Omerkan'- 
tiik,  a  great  plateau  of  Central  India,  where  the  Sone,  the 
Nerbudda,  and  other  streams  arise.  It  has  a  mean  altitude 
of  about  5000  feet,  and  is  covered  mainly  by  forests  and 
jungles,  the  abode  of  the  Gonds,  Koles,  and  other  wild  tribes. 

Amarante,  4-m4-rS,n't4,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province 
of  Minho,  on  the  Tamega,  a  tributary  of  the  Douro,  38 
miles  N.E.  of  Oporto.     Pop.  1448. 

Amarapoora,  Amarapura,  3,m-i-ra-poo'ra,  or 
Um^merapoo'ra,  a  city,  formerly  capital  of  the' Bur- 
mese dominions,  on  the  Irrawaddy,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Ava.  In 
1800  the  population  was  estimated  at  175,000,  but,  the  seat 
of  government  having  been  removed  in  1819,  it  has  rapidly 
declined.     Most  of  its  houses  are  of  bamboo. 

Amaravati,  a  town  of  India.    See  Amrawuttt. 

Amar'gosa,  a  river  of  Nevada  and  Southeastern 
California,  twice  crossed  by  the  parallel  of  36°  N.  lat., 
flows  into  the  Death  Valley,  a  desolate  region  reported  to 
l>e  150  feet  below  the  sea-level.     This  valley  is  also  called 


the  Amargosa  Desert,  and  the  mountains  N.E.  of  the  river's 
upper  course  are  sometimes  called  the  Amargosa  Mountains. 

Amargura,  3,-maR-goo'ri,  an  island  and  volcano  in  the 
South  Pacific  Ocean,  one  of  the  Friendly  Islands.  Lat.  17° 
58' S.;  Ion.  174°  16'  W. 

Amaribo,  S,-m3,^re-bo',  or  Mana,  mi'ni',  a  river  in 
French  Gutana,  falls  into  the  Atlantic.    Length,  146  miles. 

Amaril'Io,  a  post-town,  the  capital  of  Potter  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  Denver,  Texas  A  Fort  Worth  Railway,  333  miles' 
N.W.  of  Fort  Worth.  It  has  7  churches,  2  banks,  and  2 
newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  422. 

Amasia,  Amasieh,  or  Amasiyah,  4-mi'see*a,  a 
city  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the  Yeshil-Irmak  (anc.  Iris),  95  miles 
N.W.  of  Seevas,  and  63  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Samsoon.  Pop. 
estimated  at  from  20,000  to  25,000.  It  stands  on  both 
banks  of  the  river,  between  almost  perpendicular  rocks. 
Many  of  the  houses  are  built  of  stone;  it  nas  a  strong  cita- 
del, a  fine  mosque,  well-supplied  bazaars,  and  a  considerable 
trade  in  silk,  fruits,  wine,  and  salt.  Outside  of  the  city  ar« 
the  excavated  "  tombs  of  the  kings,"  described  by  Strabo. 

Amastra,  i-mas'tr&,  Amas'erah,  or  Amasreh, 
i-mis'r^h  (anc.  Amaa'tria),  a  fortified  seaport  town  of  Asia 
Minor,  on  a  rocky  peninsula  in  the  Black  Sea,  60  miles  N.E. 
of  Ereglee.     Pop.  about  800. 

Amastra,  the  ancient  name  of  Mistretta. 

Amataka,  Pacific  Ocean.     See  York  Island. 

Amathonte,  i-m^-thon'ti  (anc.  Am'athua),  a  village 
of  the  island  of  Cyprus,  near  its  S.  coast,  apparently  th« 
same  place  as  Old  Limasol.     Sec  Limasol. 

Amathus,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Szalt. 

Amatignak  (a-mit'ig-nik)  Island,  the  southernmost 
land  of  Alaska  Territory,  lat.  51°  19'  N.,  Ion.  179°  8'  30"  W. 

Amatitlan,  d,-m&-tee-tl^n',  or  Amititan,  &-mee-tee- 
tin',  a  town  of  Guatemala,  capital  of  a  department  of  the 
same  name,  on  Lake  Amatitlan,  15  miles  S.  of  the  city  of 
Guatemala.  It  is  irregularly  built,  and  the  houses  are 
principally  constructed  of  mud.  The  wells  in  the  town  are 
all  brackish  ;  and  most  of  those  in  the  vicinity  are  hot,  but 
clear  and  free  from  impurities.  The  inhabitants,  nearly 
all  mulattoes  and  zamboes,  are  industrious.  The  production 
of  cochineal  is  a  leading  employment.     Pop.  about  10,000. 

Amaton'galand,  or  Ton'galand,  a  dependency 
of  Cnpe  Colony,  South  Africa,  on  the  Indian  Ocean,  extend- 
ing from  Zululand  proper,  N.  along  the  coast  about  100  miles, 
and  from  Swaziland,  on  the  W.,  to  the  ocean.  Area,  about 
5000  square  miles.  It  is  governed  by  a  native  ruler  under 
the  supervision  of  British  ofiicials.     Estimated  pop.  40,000. 

Amatrice,  4-mi-tree'chi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  22  miles  N.  of  Aquila.     Pop.  6304. 

Amatuli  Island,  Alaska.    See  Barren  Islands. 

Amaxichi,  S,-mix-ee'kee,  a  seaport  town  of  Greece, 
capital  of  the  island  of  Santa  Maura  or  Leucadia,  on  its  E. 
coast,  and  separated  from  the  castle  of  Santa  Maura  by  a 
lagoon  about  1  mile  across.  Pop.  of  town  and  citadel,  6000. 
The  harbor,  improved  by  a  mole,  is  adapted  only  for  small 
craft.  Amaxichi  is  the  residence  of  a  Greek  archbishop, 
and  near  it  are  remains  of  cyclopean  walls,  probably  those 
of  the  ancient  Leu'eaa. 

Amay,  8,'mi',  a  town  of  Belgium,  province  of  Liege,  on 
the  railway  from  Namur,  14i  miles  S.W.  of  Liege.  Pop.  2660. 

Amazoc,  S.-m3,-sok',  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Puebla, 
12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Puebla.     It  is  a  large  and  well-built  town. 

Amazon,  am'a-zgn  (Sp.  pron.  Am-1-thon'),  sometimes 
called  MaraAon,  ini-rin-yon',  or  Orellana,  o-r51-yi'ni, 
a  great  South  American  river,  which  exceeds  in  volume  every 
other  river  on  the  globe.  It  rises  in  the  Peruvian  Andes  by 
two  branches,  the  Maranon  (or  Tunguragua)  and  the  Uca- 
yale  or  Apurimac.  The  Maranon,  which  some  geographers 
consider  the  head-stream  or  main  river,  rises  in  Lake  Lauri- 
cocha,  near  the  silver-mines  of  Cerro  de  Pasco,  in  lat.  10° 
30'  S.  and  Ion.  76°  10'  W.  Its  source  is  about  60  miles  from 
the  Pacific.  It  flows  nearly  northward  for  about  500  miles, 
in  a  continuous  series  of  cataracts  and  rapids,  in  a  deep  val- 
ley between  the  parallel  Cordilleras  of  Peru.  Striking  the 
boundary  of  Ecuador  about  lat.  5°  S.,  it  there  turns  to  the 
right,  runs  eastward,  and  forms  the  boundary  between  Peru 
and  Ecuador,  to  its  confluence  with  the  Ucayale.  Below  this 
junction  the  Amazon  separates  Ecuador  from  Peru  as  long 
as  these  countries  are  conterminous.  It  afterwards  enters 
Brazil,  flows  nearly  eastward  across  the  great  equatorial 
plain  of  the  continent,  and  enters  the  Atlantic  Ocean  under 
the  equator.  It  is  the  only  large  river  whose  course  is  all 
near  the  same  latitude.  Its  length,  including  the  windings, 
is  estimated  at  4000  miles.  Its  breadth  is  well  proportioned 
to  its  length.  It  is  li  miles  wide  at  Tabatinga,  2000  miles 
from  its  mouth,  3  miles  wide  at  the  entrance  of  the  Madeira, 
and  10  miles  wide  below  Santarem,  which  is  600  miles  from 


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tbe  OOMUI.  The  average  velocity  of  it«  current  is  3  milea  an 
hour.  It  ig  navigable  for  lurgu  Hhip.i  22(IU  luiles  from  it« 
mouth,  and  opens  an  easy  coniiuunicutiun  from  tbe  Atlantic 
almost  to  the  foot  of  the  Andes.  The  area  dmined  by  this 
river  and  its  tribuUries  is  estimated  at  2,000.0U0  square 
lallea.  The  depth  of  t  he  A  mazon  at  some  places  is  50  fathoms, 
Ita  average  depth  bciuw  Mandoe,  which  is  lUOO  miles  from 
ita  mouth,  is  27  fathoms,  it  enters  the  sea  through  an 
wtuary  which  is  about  160  milea  wide  and  encloses  a,  largo 
island  named  Mar^jo  or  Junnncs.  The  volume  and  impetus 
of  the  rivor  are  so  great  that  it  carries  its  fresh  water  un- 
mixed into  the  sea  a  distance  of  about  200  miles.  Although 
it  carries  down  a  larger  amount  of  sediment  than  any  other 
river,  it  has  not  formed  any  delta.  "  Its  va«t  expanse,"  says 
Orton,  "  ]>re8entiug  below  Teff6  magnificent  reaches,  with 
bhiuk  horixons,  and  forming  a  barrier  between  diflcrent 
■peeiee  of  animals ;  its  system  of  back -channels  joining  the 
tributaries  and  linking  a  scries  of  lagunes  too  many  ever 
to  bo  name<l;  its  network  of  navigable  waters,  stretching 
over  one-third  of  tbe  continent;  its  oceanic  fauna — porpoises 
and  manatees,  gulls  and  frigate-birds — remind  the  traveller 
of  a  great  inland  sea.  The  side-channels  through  the  forest, 
called  by  the  Indians  igarap(a  or  cunoo-paths,  arc  one  of  tho 
characteristic  features  of  the  Amazon.  They  often  run  to  a 
great  distance  parallel  to  the  great  river  and  intersecting 
the  tributaries,  so  that  one  can  go  from  Santarem  1000  miles 
up  tho  Amazon  without  once  entering  it.  These  natural 
highways  will  bo  of  immense  advantage  for  intercommuni- 
cation." No  cataract  or  waterfall  interrupts  navigation  on 
the  main  stream  for  2400  miles,  and,  as  a  trade-wind  blows 
constantly  westward  against  the  current,  the  navigation  up 
or  down  has  always  something  in  its  favor.  Including  the 
tributaries,  many  of  which  are  large  navigable  rivers,  the 
Amazon  opens  to  the  ocean  about  10,000  miles  of  interior 
navigation  for  largo  vessels.  According  to  G.  E.  Church, 
"it  offers  not  less  than  15,000  miles  of  waters  suitable  for 
steamboat  navigation."  A  decree  of  the  Brazilian  govern- 
ment in  1807  opened  this  navigation  to  the  flags  of  all  Eu- 
ropean nations.  But  as  j'Ct  no  busy  towns  are  found  along 
its  banks,  except  Pard,  near  its  mouth.  This  river  flows 
through  a  forest  unparalleled  in  extent,  an  evergreen  forest 
80  dense  and  impenetrable  as  to  defy  access  except  by  navi- 
gation, and  tenanted  by  innumerable  animals,  among  which 
the  monkey  tribe  holds  a  conspicuous  place.  Here  the  mag- 
nificent trees  are  draped  and  festooned  with  parasitical 
creepers,  climbing  plants,  tillandsias,  lianas,  <fec.  The  human 
population  of  this  region  is  very  sparse.  In  the  most  densely 
peopled  part  of  it  there  is,  according  to  Orton,  only  1  man 
to  every  4  square  miles.  During  the  rainy  season  the  river 
overflows  its  banks,  submerging  the  country  for  hundreds  of 
miles.  This  region  produces  a  great  variety  of  valuable 
timber.  Within  an  area  of  half  a  mile  square  Agassiz 
eountcd  117  kinds  of  wood,  many  of  which  are  fitted  by 
their  hardness,  tints,  and  beautiful  grain  for  fine  cabinet- 
work. The  same  naturalist  found  about  2000  species  of  fish 
in  the  Amazon  and  its  tributaries.  "  Turtles,"  says  Orton, 
"  are  perhaps  the  most  important  product  of  the  Amazon, 
furnishing  the  best  meat  on  the  Upper  Amazon."  A  re- 
markable feature  in  the  Amazonian  fauna  is  the  abundance 
of  cetaceans,  porpoises,  and  manatees  through  nearly  the 
whole  extent  of  the  river. 

The  Amazon  has  12  tributaries  each  of  which  is  1000 
miles  long.  The  greatest  of  these  is  the  Madeira.  The 
principal  tributaries  that  enter  from  the  N.  are  the  Napo, 
the  Putumayo,  the  Japura,  and  the  Rio  Negro,  here  ar- 
ranged in  order  as  they  occur  to  a  person  who  floats  down 
the  stream.  Those  that  are  received  from  the  S.  are  the 
Ucayale,  the  Jabari  or  Yavari,  the  Jutay,  the  Jurud,  the 
Tefic,  the  Pums,  the  Madeira,  the  Tapajos,  the  Xingu,  and 
the  Tocantins.  These,  like  the  Nile,  discharge  their  waters 
by  several  mouths.  Tho  Rio  Negro  is  connected  with  the 
Orinoco  by  the  Cassiquiare,  which  is  a  natural  and  naviga- 
ble canal  traversing  a  plain  which  is  too  low  and  level  to 
form  a  water-shed  between  the  two  rivers.  The  descent  of 
the  Amazon  is  only  2  inches  to  the  mile  below  the  mouth  of 
the  Napo,  which  is  1800  miles  in  a  direct  lino  from  the 
ocean.  The  Atlantic  tide  is  perceptible  at  Obidos,  450  miles 
above  the  city  of  Pari.  At  the  mouth  of  the  river  is  a  re- 
markable tidal  phenomenon,  called  the  lore  or  pirordco 
{prordca  ?),  which  occurs  about  the  time  of  full  moon. 
The  water  of  the  ocean  rushes  into  tho  river  in  waves  about 
15  feet  high,  moving  with  a  violence  and  momentum  which 
are  dangerous  to  small  craft. 

The  Indian  name  of  the  river,  Amaasona,  is  said  to  sig- 
nify "  boat-destroyer."  The  part  of  the  Amazon  above  the 
mouth  of  the  Rio  Negro  is  called  Solimoeni  by  the  natives. 
Tbe  difierencc  between  high  water  and  low  water  is  about 


50  feet.  The  Amazon  and  ita  branejes  are  subject  to  an 
annual  rise,  which  occurs  with  regularity,  but  not  simulta- 
neously, in  all  parts.  Tho  principal  rise  or  inundiition 
commences  about  March  1,  and  continues  till  Juno.  Tht 
Lower  Amazon  is  at  its  minimum  in  September  or  October. 
The  perio<l  of  high  water  in  the  northern  afiluents  is  in 
summer  and  autumn,  but  tbe  Amazon  receives  its  largest 
accession  from  the  southern  affluents  when  the  sun  is  on 
the  south  side  of  the  equator,  in  November,  December,  and 
January,  The  mouth  of  the  Amazon  was  discovered  in 
1500  by  a  Spaniard  named  Pinzon,  but  tho  first  European 
who  navigated  or  explored  it  was  Orellana,  who  in  1611  de- 
scended the  stream  from  the  mouth  of  the  Napo  to  tho  sea. 
Agassiz  made  a  scientific  exploration  of  this  river  in  1865. 
See  Agassiz:  A  Jonniry  in  liraxil  (1868). 

Amazonas,  i-mi-zo'nis,  a  vast  state  of  Brazil, 
bounded  N.W.  and  S.W.  by  British  Guiana,  Venezuela,  Co- 
lombia, Ecuador,  Peru,  and  Bolivia,  and  E.  by  tbe  Madeira 
and  the  state  of  Para.  Area,  753,409  square  miles.  It  is 
bisected  by  the  Amazon  and  traversed  by  many  of  ita 
navigable  tributaries,  and  is  mainly  covered  by  dense 
forests.  Capital,  Mandos.  Pop.  in  1872,  57,610,  exclusive 
of  many  savage  Indians;  in  1883,  80,V42. 

Amazona8)&-m&-so'n&s,a  department  of  Peru,  bounded 
N.  by  Ecuador,  E.  by  tbe  department  of  Loreto,  S.  by  that 
of  Libertad,  and  W.  by  that  of  Caxamarca.  Area,  14,129 
square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Ucayale,  which  is  re- 
garded by  many  as  the  true  Amazon,  It  contains  two 
provinces,  Chachapoyas  and  Magnas,  and  is  mainly  covered 
by  virgin  forests.     Capital,  Chachapoyas.     Pop.  34,245. 

Amazonas,  a  territory  forming  the  southernmost  part 
of  Venezuela.    A rea,  90,928  square  miles.    P.  ( 1 884)  1 8,478. 

Amazonas,  a  South  American  name  for  tho  Amazoit. 

Amazo'nia)  a  post-village  of  Andrew  co.,  ^lo.,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  and  on  the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  k  Council 
Bluffs  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  St.  Joseph.  It  has  1  or  2 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  lumber-mill.    Pop.  about  250. 

Amazuma,  i-md-zoo'mi,  a  largo  town  of  AVcst  Africa, 
on  the  Niger,  about  lat.  5°  10'  N.,  Ion.  6°  10'  E. 

Ambabikoi,  im-bi-be-koy',  a  village  of  Lower  Egypt, 
58  miles  N.W.  of  Cairo. 

Ambaca,  im-bi'k4,  a  town  of  Angola,  Portuguese  West 
Africa,  in  lat.  9°  S.,  Ion.  15°  30'  E.,  140  miles  E.  by  S.  of 
Loanda,  is  the  capital  of  the  fertile  province  of  Ambaca, 
which  has  a  population  of  40,000  and  rears  many  cattle. 
The  town  has  declined,  and  is  now  a  small  place. 

Ambacia,  an  ancient  name  of  Amboise. 

Ambagamuwa,  im-bi-g4-moo'wi,  a  town  of  Ceylon, 
in  the  Kandy  district.     Pop.  3032. 

Ambala,  a  town  of  India.    See  Umdallah. 

Ambale^a^  im-bi-li'gi,  a  town  near  the  centre  of  the 
island  of  Madura,  Malay  Archipelago.  It  is  surrounded  by 
fine  woods,  has  a  temple,  and  4000  inhabitants. 

Ambaleina,  im-bi-li'mS,,  a  town  of  the  republic  of 
Colombia,  state  of  Cundinamarca,  on  the  Magdalenn,  60 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Bogota,  ships  excellent  tobacco.  Pop.  9731. 

Amballa,  a  town  of  India.    See  Umbali,ah. 

Ambares,  6M'biVi',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Gironde,  3  miles  N.N.E.  of  Carbon-Blanc.     Pop.  27S4. 

Ambas,  im'bis  (or  Am'boises^)  Bay,  a  fine  harbor 
of  Africa,  in  the  Bight  of  Biafra.  Lat.  3°  58'  N. ;  Ion.  9°  15' 
E.  Here  the  lofty  Cameroons  Mountains  reach  tbe  sea: 
and  the  English  mission  town  and  sanitarium  of  Victoria 
stands  near  it.  The  Ambas  Islands,  small  and  elevated,  lie 
off  the  inner  port. 

Ambatiki,  im-bi-tee'kee,  an  island  in  the  Pacific,  one 
of  the  Feejee  group,  of  a  dome  shape,  and  rising  to  the  height 
of  750  feet.     Lat.  17°  47'  S.;  Ion.  179°  10'  W. 

Ambato,  or  Ilambato,  im-bi'to,  a  nevado  or  snowy 
summit  of  the  Andes,  in  Peru,  immediately  N.  of  Arequipa. 

Ambato,  ^m-bi'to,  or  Asiento  d'Hambato,  i-se- 
Jn'to  dim-bi'to,  a  town  of  Ecuador,  100  miles  S.E.  of 
Quito.     It  was  destroyed  in  1698  by  an  eruption  of  Coto- 

?axi,  but  afterwards  became  more  flourishing  than  before, 
t  has  extensive  shoe-manufactories,  and  an  active  trade  in 
grain,  sugar,  and  cochineal.     Pop.  8000. 

Ambau,  an  island  of  the  Pacific.    See  Ambow. 

Ambazac,  ftji'bi'zik',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Haute-Vienne,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Limoges.    Pop.  323L 

Ambelakia,  im-bi-ld'kce'i,  or  Ampelakia,a  town 
of  Greece,  in  Thessaly,  on  the  south  slope  of  Mount  Osfa, 
above  the  pass  of  Tempo,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Larissa.  It 
was  at  one  time  famous  for  its  cotton-  and  yarn-spinning 
and  dyeing.     Pop.  about  3000. 

Am'ber,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mason  co.,  Mich.,  in  Amber 
township,  on  tho  Flint  <fc  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  6  milea 
E.  of  Ludington.    It  has  a  lumber-mill  and  a  wooden  bowl 


AMB 


481 


AMB 


faptorv.     Pop.  about  250.     The  township  is  intersected  by 
the  M'lirquette  River.     Pop.  1890,  1036. 

Amber,  a  post-village  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Otisco 
township,  on  Otisco  Lalie,  about  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Syracuse. 
It  has  a  church. 
Amberes,  a  city  of  Belgium.    See  Antwerp. 

Am  berg,  im'bdRG,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  Upper  Palati- 
nate, on  both  sides  of  the  Vils,  35  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Nu- 
remberg. It  is  well  built,  has  broad  and  clean  street?,  and 
contains  a  lyceum,  gymnasium,  theological  seminary,  nor- 
mal school,  public  library,  and  several  hospitals.  It  has  a 
royal  manufactory  of  anns,  and  also  manufactures  of  cotton 
and  faience.     Pop.  11,688. 

Ambergris  (am'ber-grccs^)  Key,  an  island  off  the 
N.K.  shore  of  British  Honduras.  Length,  20  miles  from 
N.E.  to  S.W. ;  average  breadth,  3  miles. 

Amberieux,  6M'b^'re-uh',  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Ain,  at  an  important  nailway  junction,  IS  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Bourg.     Pop.  2954. 

Am'berley,  a  post-village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Lake  Huron,  22  miles  from  Goderich.     Pop.  100. 

Am'ber  Set'tlement,  a  hamlet  of  Chenango  co.,  N.Y., 
]  mile  from  South  New  Berlin.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
oheese-factory. 

Ainberson,  Cherokee  co.,  Ala.     See  Spring  Garden. 

Am'berson's  VaI'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.. 
Pa.,  in  Fiinnett  township,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Shippensburjr. 

Ambert,  6M^baiR',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Puy-de-D8me,  on  the  Dore,  35  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Cler- 
mont. It  has  extensive  paper-works  and  manufactures  of 
ribbons.     Pop.  7517. 

Ambia,  am'be-i,  a  post-town  of  Benton  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Lake  Erie  <k  Western  Railroad,  35  miles  W.  by  N.  of 
Lafayette,  and  9  miles  E.  of  Hoopeston,  III.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  bank,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  400. 

Ambialet,  6M'be*&*li',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Tarn,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Alby.     Pop.  2833. 

Ambiani,  an  ancient  name  of  Amiens. 

Ambij,  d.m-bi',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  province 
of  Limburg.     Pop.  859. 

Ambil,  im-beel',  one  of  the  smaller  Philippine  islands, 
70  miles  S.W.  of  Manila,  with  a  lofty  volcanic  mountain. 

Ambiliates,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Lambali.k. 

Amblan,  im-bldn',  a  town  of  the  Philippines,  on  the 
S.W.  coast  of  the  island  of  Negros,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Rio 
de  Amblan.     Pop.  3260. 

Amblau,  or  Amblauw,  S,mb'low',  an  island  of  the 
Malay  Archipelago,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Booro.  Lat.  3°  52'  S. ; 
Ion.  127'  16'  E.  It  is  dependent  on  the  Dutch  government 
of  Amboyna.     Pop.  about  1000, 

Am'bler,  a  post-village  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  about  5 
miles  S.W.  of  Bellaire. 

Ambler,  a  post-borough  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Bethlehem  branch  of  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading  Rail- 
road, 17  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  7  churches,  a 
bank,  '\n  academy,  chemical-works,  <fcc.    Pop.  in  1890, 1073, 

Am'blersburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Preston  co.,  W,Va,, 
about  16  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Oakland. 

Ani'bleside,  a  market-village  of  Westmoreland  co., 
England,  a  mile  from  the  head  of  Lake  Windermere,  and 
5  miles  fi-om  Windermere  town,  and  the  seat  of  the  poet 
Wordsworth.     Pop.  1891,  2360. 

Ambleteuse,  ftM^b'l-tuz',  a  decayed  seaport  of  France, 
de)artraent  of  Pas  de-Calais,  on  the  English  Channel,  6 
miles  N.  of  Boulogne.  Near  it  is  the  granite  column  which 
Napoleon  erected  to  the  grand  army  in  1805.     Pop.  800. 

Ambleve,  ^.m'bli-v^h,  a  river  of  Prussia  and  Belgium, 
flows  W.,  and  falls  into  the  Ourthe  10  miles  N.  of  Durbuy. 

Amboiana,  or  Amboina,  Moluccas.    See  Amboyna. 

Amboise,  5MbVS,z'  (anc.  Amha'cia),  a  manufacturing 
town  of  France,  department  of  Indre-et- Loire,  on  the  Loire, 
14  miles  by  rail  E,  of  Tours,  Pop.  4188.  Its  ancient 
castle  is  memorable  in  history  as  the  resideoce  of  many 
French  kings.  Amboise  is  celebrated  for  the  "  conjuration 
d' Amboiag,"  formed  against  the  Guises  in  1560. 

Amboise,  a  cape  and  island  of  Africa,     See  Ambas. 

Ambo'lo,or  Ambouie,im-boor,  a  town  of  the  island 
of  Madagascar,  lat.  24°  15'  S.,  Ion.  47°  E.,  in  a  rich  and 
beautiful  valley,  on  a  stream  of  the  same  name. 

Ambolon,  im-bo-lon',  one  of  the  Philippine  Islands, 
S.W.  of  Mindoro.     Lat.  12°  9'  N. ;  Ion.  121°  12'  E. 

Ambon,  fiM^bdN"',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Morbihan,  with  a  small  port  on  the  Penerf.     Pop.  1747, 

Ambunde,  a  country  of  Africa.    See  Angola. 

Am^boor',  a  town  of  British  India,  presidency  and  108 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Madras.     Pop.  about  6000. 

Amboule,  a  town  of  Madagascar.    See  Ambolo, 


Ambow,  or  Ambau,  im^bow',  a  small  island  in  the 
South  Pacific,  one  of  the  Feejee  group,  1  mile  in  length 
and  about  half  a  mile  in  breadth. 

Am^boy',  a  city  of  Lee  co..  111.,  on  Green  River,  and 
on  the  Illinois  Central  and  the  Chicago,  Burlington  <i; 
Quincy  Railroads,  117  miles  S.E.  of  Dubuque,  16  miles 
N.W.  of  Mendota,  and  96  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Chicago.  It 
contains  a  town  hall,  a  bank,  7  churches,  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  high  school,  2  flouring-mills,  and  large  repair- 
shops  of  the  railroad  company,  which  employ  200  men. 
Pop.  in  1890,  2257, 

Amboy,  a  post-town  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.,  25  miles  by 
rail  E.S.B.  of  Logansport.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  brick  and  tile, 
lumber,  brooms,  and  flour.     Pop.  about  500. 

Amboy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.,  in  Am- 
boy township,  14  miles  S.  of  Hillsdale.  The  township  has 
2  churches,  5  saw-mills,  and  2  grist-mills.     Pop,  1232, 

Amboy,  a  post-town  of  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn.,  29  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Mankato.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded 
school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  300. 

Amboy,  N.J.     See  South  Amboy  and  Perth  Amboy, 

Amboy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  6  miles 
by  rail  W,  of  Syracuse.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  12S. 

Amboy,  a  township  of  Oswego  CO.,  N.Y.  Pop.  1431.  It 
contains  Amboy  Centre,  Cartersville,  and  AVest  Amboy. 

Amboy,  a  post-village  of  Ashtabula  co,,  0.,  on  Con- 
neaut  River  and  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  67  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Cleveland.  It  has  2  churches,  2  grist-mills,  a  cheese- 
factory,  and  several  cigar-factories.     Pop.  about  500. 

Amboy,  a  township  of  Fulton  co.,  0.     Pop.  1089. 

Amboy  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Amboy  township,  about  27  miles  N.N.E.  of  Syracuse.  It 
has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  leather  and  lumber, 

Amboy  Junction,  a  station  on  the  Newark  &  Eliza- 
beth Branch  Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of  Elizabeth,  N,J. 

Amboyna,  or  Amboina,  im-boi'na,  Apon,  or 
Thau  (Malay,  jlmtiiH,  "dew"),  an  island  in  the  Malay 
Archipelago,  the  most  important  of  the  Moluccas,  lying  E, 
of  Booro.  Lat.  (Allavy  Point)  3°  46'  S.;  Ion.  127°  59'  E, 
The  island  is  about  30  miles  long,  by  about  10  miles  in 
breadth  at  its  broadest  part.  Area,  282  square  miles.  It  is  sub- 
ject to  earthquakes,  and  is  of  a  primitive  formation,  granite 
in  some  localities  rising  even  to  the  summits  of  the  moun- 
tains. Cloves,  sago,  maize,  yams,  and  fruits  are  the  sta])le 
products.  In  1796  the  island  was  captured  by  the  British; 
it  was  restored  to  the  Dutch  in  1801,  but  was  again  taken  in 
1810,  and  finally  restored  to  Holland  in  1814.  The  govern- 
ment of  Amboyna  includes,  besides  the  aboye,  Booro,  Amblau, 
Ceram,  Manipa,  and  several  smaller  islands.     Pop.  94,745. 

Amboyna,  Amboiana,  or  Amboyana,  im-boi- 
3.'ni,  capital  of  the  above  island  and  of  the  Dutch  govern- 
ment of  Amboyna,  on  the  Bay  of  Amboyna.  (Lat.  of  Fort 
Victoria,  3°  41'  7"  S. ;  Ion.  128°  10'  E.)  It  is  clean,  neat,  and 
regularly  built,  with  straight  and  wide  streets.  A  public 
garden  is  attached  to  the  town,  and  a  row  of  houses,  adorned 
with  nutmeg-trees,  terminates  in  a  long  esplanade.  The 
Bay  of  Amboj'na  is  about  20  miles  long  and  from  2  to  7 
broad,  the  roads  secure  and  commodious,  and  the  anchorage 
good,  with  a  depth  of  from  20  to  46  fathoms.     Pop.  13,000. 

Ambracia,  and  Ambracius  Sinus.  See  Auta;  also 
Plasencia  (in  Spain). 

Ambrieres,  6M*bre-aiR',  a  town  of  France,  department 
and  6  miles  N.  of  Mayenne,  on  the  Varenne.     Pop.  2615. 

Ambrim,  or  Ambryni,  dm-breem',  an  island  in  the 
Pacific,  New  Hebrides,  lat.  16°  9'  30"  S.,  Ion.  167°  60'  E. 
It  is  50  miles  in  circumference,  fertile,  and  cultivated. 

Ambriz,  am'briz  or  3,m-brccz',  a  small  Portuguese  town 
and  district  of  Africa,  Guinea,  with  a  port  at  the  mouth 
of  the  river  Ambriz,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  70  miles  N.  of 
Loanda.  It  has  an  extensive  trade  in  ivory,  copal,  india- 
rubber,  archil,  <fec. 

Ambrizette,  im-bre-zett'  or  5,m-bre-z6t'ti,  a  Portu- 
guese district  of  Africa,  between  the  Congo  and  Ambrizette 
Rivers,  with  a  town  on  the  coast,  30  miles  N.  of  Anibiiz. 

Ambronay,  6M^bro'ni',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Ain,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Bourg.     Pop.  1728. 

Am'brose,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jessamine  co.,  Ky.,  4  miles 
S.  of  Nicholasville,     It  has  2  churches  and  a  zinc-mine, 

Ambrym,  an  island  of  the  New  Hebrides.     See  Ambrim. 

Ambuim,  S.m^boo-eem',  or  Ombe,  om'bch,  aregion  in 
Benguela,  West  Africa,  bounded  roughly  by  the  meridians 
of  14°  and  15°  E.  Ion.  and  the  parallels  of  10°  40'  and  11° 
30'  S.  lat.  Area,  3000  square  miles.  It  is  governed  by  three 
native  independent  chiefs;  is  traversed  by  the  rivers  Longa, 
Cuvo,  and  Sumbe;  has  a  rich  soil,  and  exports  ivory,  was, 
copal,  and  archil.     Pop.  75,000. 


AMB 


482 


AME 


Ambukol,  Im'boo'kol',  a  villain  of  Nubia,  on  tb«  Nile. 
Lot.  1S°  4'  31"  N. ;  Ion.  31°  34'  48"  E. 

Ambiin.  a  native  name  of  Amdoyna. 

Amchit'knv  one  of  the  Aleutian  Islands,  lat  51°  25'  N., 
Ion.  180°  45'  W.  It  is  largo,  low,  and  flat,  with  ono  peak 
187."?  fpot  high.     It  contains  lignite  and  kaolin. 

Aindrn,  a  Tillage  of  Switiorland.     See  Ammox. 

Amdjhcrrn,  a  town  and  state  of  India.    See  Amjrrah. 

Amealco,  &-md-&l'ko,  a  village  of  Mexico,  state  of 
Querftnro,  42  miles  S.E.  of  QuerCtaro.     Pop.  2000. 

Amccn,  &-n)&'k&,  a  village  of  Mexico,  state  of  Jalisco, 
70  miles  S.W.  of  Guadalajara.     Pop.  1500. 

Amcd)  a  town  of  Asia.    See  Diarbrkir. 

Amee,  or  Ami,  &-moe',  a  river  of  India,  rises  (lat.  27" 
8'  N.,  Ion.  82°  38'  E.)  in  Goruckpoor,  flows  S.E.  70  miles 
to  a  small  lake,  and  thence  traverses  a  fertile  plain,  reach- 
ing the  river  Raptce  below  the  town  of  Goruckpoor. 

Ameennna,  &-mee-nil'n&,  a  town  of  Sinde,  on  an  island 
formed  by  the  Narra  and  Indus,  1 2  miles  N.  of  Sohwan. 

Amecrabad,  or  Amirabad,  &-mcer-&-bfi,d',  a  town 
of  India,  North- West  Provinces,  district  of  Furruckabad. 
Pop.  7096. 

Amccrghur,  a  town  of  India.    See  Umeerghur. 

Amcglia,  &-mdry\,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Genoa,  4   miles  S.E.  of  Lerici.     Pop.  1850. 

AmeidC)  il-mi'd^h,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  on  the 
Lock,  with  a  brewery.     Pop.  1317. 

Ameland,  il'mo-l&nt\  an  island  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
the  North  Sea,  4  miles  N.  of  the  coast  of  Friesland.  It  is 
13  miles  in  lenjjth  by  2  miles  in  width.     Pop.  2287. 

Amelia,  i-m^'le-H,  or  Ameria,  &-m.\'re-il,  a  town  of 
Italy,  22  miles  S.W.  of  Spoloto.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop, 
having  a  cathedral,  3  churches,  and  some  convents.  It  was 
the  ancient  Ame'ria,  one  of  the  oldest  cities  of  Umbria. 
Pop.  7207. 

Ame'lia,  n  county  of  Virginia,  has  an  area  of  about  300 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  by  the  Appomattox  River  on 
nearly  all  sides  except  the  S.,  and  is  also  drained  by  Nania- 
zine  and  other  creeks.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating; 
the  soil  has  been  impoverished.  Tobacco,  wheat,  Ac,  are 
the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Richmond  & 
Danville  Railroad.  Capital,  Amelia  Court-House.  Pop. 
in  1870,  9878;  in  1880,  10,377;  in  1890,  9068. 

Amelia,  a  post-village  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  25  miles 
by  rail  E.  by  S.  from  Cincinnati.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high 
school,  a  drug-store,  and  several  general  stores.  Pop. 
about  600. 

Amelia,  a  township  of  Orangeburg  co.,  S.C.  Pop. 
2040.     It  contnins  Lewisville. 

Amelia  Court-  House,  apost-villago,  capital  of  Ame- 
lia CO.,  Va.,  on  the  Richmond  A  Danville  Railroad,  36  miles 
S.W.  of  Richmond.     It  has  3  churches  and  an  ncademy. 

Amelia  Island  is  situated  on  the  coast  of  Nassau  co., 
in  the  N.E.  part  of  Florida.  It  is  16  miles  in  length  and  4 
in  breadth,  and  is  separated  from  the  mainland  by  a  chan- 
nel from  2  to  4  miles  wide.  It  has  4  light-houses.  The 
soil  is  generally  fertile.     See  Fernanpixa. 

Ame'liasburg,  or  Rob'lin's  Mills,  a  post-village 
in  Prince  Edward  co.,  Ontario,  at  the  outlet  of  Roblin  Lake 
in  the  Bay  of  Quinte,  8  miles  S.  of  Belleville.  It  is  a  port 
at  which  steamers  call.     Pop.  200. 

Am^lie-les-Bains,  i'mi^lee'lA^biu"',  or  Arles- 
les-Bains,  anrii^bin"',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Pyrc-n^es-Orientales,  3  miles  W.  of  Cerct.     Pop.  1390. 

Am'clith,  a  locality  in  Kochville  township,  Saginaw 
CO.,  Mich.,  5  miles  S.  of  Salzburg  Station,  has  a  church. 

Ara-el-Saghicr,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Garah. 

Amendolara,  &-mfin-do-14'ri,  a  village  of  Italy,  on  the 
Gulf  of  Taranto,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Castrovillari.     Pop.  1629. 

Amcni,  or  Ameny,  5,'mi'nee\  one  of  the  Laccadive 
Islands,  lat.  11°  6'  N.,  Ion.  72°  41'  E.     Diameter,  1  mile. 

Ame'nia,  or  Ame'niaville,  a  post- village  in  Amenia 
township,  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  &  Harlem 
Railroad,  86  miles  N.  by  E.  from  New  York.  It  contains  4 
churches,  the  Amenia  Seminary,  1  national  bank,  a  con- 
densed-milk factory,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  manufactory 
of  sash  and  blinds.  The  township  has  mines  of  iron,  and 
contains  villages  named  Wassaic  and  South  Amenia.  Pop. 
of  township,  2795. 

Amenia  Union,  a  post-village  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Amenia  township,  about  60  miles  S.S.E.  of  Albany.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  plough-factory,  and  a  hotel.  It  is  partly 
in  the  state  of  Connecticut. 

Ameno,  &-m4'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  1 
mile  E.  of  Orta.     Pop.  1793. 

Amentia,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Amaxce. 

Ameria,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Amelia. 


America,  a-m6r'e-ki^  (Fr.  Amtri'que,  &'m&^reck';  Gcr. 
Amerika,  &-ui4'ru-k&;  It.,  Sp.,  and  Port.,  America,  &-m&'> 
ro-k&),  a  continent  and  one  of  the  grand  divitiions  of  the 
globe,  sometimes  called  the  New  World,  was  discovered  by 
Christopher  Columbus,  a  Genoese,  in  1492,  but  named  America 
in  honor  of  Amerigo  Vespucci,  a  Florentine,  who  visited 
South  America  in  1499.  It  is  the  longest  continuous  body 
of  land  on  the  globe,  and  is  larger  than  any  other  continent 
except  Asia.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Arctic  Ocean, 
on  tne  E.  by  the  Atlantic,  on  the  S.  by  the  Antarctic,  and 
on  the  W.  by  the  Pacific  Ocean.  It  extends  from  Point 
Barrow,  lat.  71°  24'  N.,  to  Cope  Froward,  the  most  southern 
point  of  the  mainland,  about  lat.  54°  S.,  Cape  Horn  being 
on  an  island,  in  lat.  55°  68'  40"  S.  It  is  about  9000  miles 
long,  having  an  area  estimated  at  16,692,000  square  uiilcs. 
America  consists  of  two  vast  peninsulas,  called  North  and 
South  America,  connected  by  the  Isthmus  of  Darien  or 
Panama,  the  narrowest  part  of  which  is  about  28  miles 
wide.  These  two  peninsulas  are  similar  in  outline,  being 
nearly  triangular.  Both  are  very  broad  in  the  north, 
and  gradually  contract  towards  the  south,  till  they  termi- 
nate, one  in  a  narrow  isthmus  and  the  other  in  a  narrow 
promontory.  Each  has  a  chain  of  lofty  volcanic  mountains 
near  its  western  coast,  vast  plains  in  the  interior,  and  a 
lower  ridge  of  mountains  near  the  eastern  side,  in  which 
there  are  no  traces  of  recent  volcanic  action. 

The  physical  features  of  America  are  on  the  most  gigantio 
scale.  Here  are  the  greatest  rivers  and  lakes  in  the  world, 
the  highest  mountains,  except  the  Himalayas,  the  largest 
number  of  active  volcanoes,  and  the  most  magnificent 
forests.  The  interior  is  penetrated  by  the  gigantic  rivers 
Amazon,  Mississippi,  Columbia,  and  La  Plata,  and  their 
affluents,  which  surpass  those  of  the  other  continents  in 
length,  and  still  more  in  facilities  for  inland  navigation. 
No  part  of  this  continent  is  so  far  from  the  ocean  as  th« 
central  regions  of  Africa  and  Asia,  and  it  possesses  few  ex- 
tensive tracts  that  are  not  accessible  through  its  magnifi- 
cent natural  water-courses.     The  population  of  America  is 

estimated  at  121,712,900. Adj.  and   inhab.  American, 

a-mfir'e-kan  (Fr.  Americaix,  i^niAVce*  kiN»' ;  Ger.  adj. 
Amkrikanisch,  &-m4-re-k&'ni8h;  inhab.  Amerikaxiscuer, 
i-ni4-re-ki'nish-?r). 

North  America  (Fr.  Amirique  du  Nord,  S.'mi'reek'  dii 
noR ;  Ger.  Nord  Ame.ril;n,i\ort  &-mi're-ki;  Span.  America 
Setentrional,  &-m&'re-k&  si-tfin-tre-o-nll')  is  a  vast  penin- 
sula, which  some  geographers  call  a  continent,  and  is  con- 
nected with  South  America  by  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  it 
is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Arctic  Ocean,  on  the  E.  by  the 
Atlantic,  and  on  the  W'.  by  the  Pacific.  The  Gulf  of  Mex- 
ico forms  a  large  part  of  the  southern  boundary.  This  pen- 
insula is  very  irregular  in  form,  and  is  deeply  indented  by 
bays,  gulfs,  and  inlets,  principally  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean. 
Its  area  is  estimated  at  about  8,892,000  square  miles,  audits 
coast-line  at  27,500  miles.  Its  population  is  reckoned  at 
about  88,370,200.  The  political  divisions  are  British  Amer- 
ica, the  United  States,  the  republic  of  Mexico,  Ealize  (a 
British  colony),  and  the  several  states  of  the  former  republic 
of  Central  America,  viz.,  Costa  Rica,  Guatemala,  Honduras, 
Nicaragua,  and  San  Salvador.    See  Central  America. 

Inlands,  Bays,  and  Gulfs. — Between  the  Atlantic  Ocean 
and  the  Caribbean  Sea  is  an  extensive  archipelago,  called 
the  West  Indies,  which  extends  eastward  from  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico  nearly  to  the  60th  meridian  of  W.  longitude.  The 
largest  of  these  islands  are  Cuba,  Hayti,  Jamaica,  and  Porto 
Rico,  which  are  known  as  the  Greater  Antilles,  connected 
with  which  to  the  northeastward  are  the  Bahamas,  and 
to  the  southward  the  Lesser  Antilles,  the  whole  forming 
a  system  which  extends  from  near  the  southern  point  of 
Florida  to  the  coast  of  Venezuela  in  South  America.  The 
other  principal  islands  are  Greenland  (supposed  to  be  in- 
sular), Newfoundland,  Cape  Breton,  and  Long  Island,  in 
the  Atlantic ;  and  Vancouver,  Queen  Charlotte's,  Kadiak, 
Sitka,  and  the  Aleutian  Islands,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean.  The 
Arctic  Ocean  encloses  many  large  but  barren  islands,  of 
which  little  is  known.  The  eastern  side  of  this  continent 
is  indented  by  large  bodies  of  water,  called  Baffin's  Bay, 
Hudson's  Bay  (a  great  interior  sea),  the  Gulf  of  St.  Law- 
rence, which  gives  entrance  to  the  great  lakes,  the  Bay  of 
Fundy,  Chesapeake  Bay,  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  the  Bay 
of  Honduras.  The  inlets  of  the  Pacific  coast  are  not  so 
many  or  so  large.  The  most  important  of  these  are  the  Gulf 
of  California,  the  Golden  Gate,  opening  into  the  Bsy  of 
San  Francisco,  Puget  Sound,  the  Gulf  of  Georgia,  Cook's 
Inlet,  and  Bristol  Bay. 

Mountains,  Table-lands,  dhc. — The  mountain-ranges  of 
North  America  form  two  widely  distant  highland  regions, 
separated  from  each  other  by  the  vast  interior  plain  which 


AME 


4^3 


AME 


contains  the  great  fresh-water  lakes  and  is  drained  to  the 
S.  by  the  Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries,  to  the  N.E. 
by  the  St.  Lawrence,  which  is  the  outlet  of  the  great  lakes, 
and  to  the  N.  by  the  Saskatchewan,  the  Athabasca,  the 
Mackenzie,  and  numerous  smaller  streams.  This  plain  ex- 
tends from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  to  the  Arctic  Ocean,  about 
2800  miles,  and  between  it  and  the  Pacific  Ocean  the  highest 
ranges  are  found,  extending  nearly  N.  and  S.  parallel  with 
the  coast  of  that  ocean.  A  system  or  chain  called  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  a  continuation  of  the  Andes,  extends 
from  the  Isthmus  of  Panama  to  the  Arctic  Ocean.  The 
Sierra  Madre  of  Mexico  is  connected  with  this  system, 
which  in  the  United  States  forms  the  continental  divide  or 
water-shed  between  the  Pacific  and  the  Mississippi.  The 
highest  peaks  in  North  America  are  Popocatepetl,  ia  Mexico, 
17,784  feet  high;  Mount  St.  Elias,  in  Alaska,  which  is  said 
to  be  19,500  feet;  Orizaba,  in  Mexico,  17,380  feet;  Mount 
Brown,  15,990  feet;  Mount  Hooker,  16,750  feet;  Mount 
Whitney,  Cal.,  14,898  feet :  Mount  Fairweather,  15,500  feet. 
Many  other  peaks  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  are  more  than 
14,000  feet,  and  are  covered  with  perpetual  snow.  Their 
sides  are  generally  clothed  with  forests  of  fir,  pine,  and 
Other  coniferous  trees.     (See  Rocky  Mountains.) 

Between  the  Rocky  Mountains  and  the  Pacific  Ocean  is  a 
long  and  lofty  range,  which  is  nearly  parallel  with  the  coast 
(and  not  more  than  150  miles  from  it),  and  is  called  in 
California  the  Sierra  Nevada.  Its  northern  continuation 
in  Oregon  and  Washington  is  called  the  Cascade  Range. 
The  highest  peak  of  this  range  is  Mount  St.  Elias,  which 
is  a  volcano.  Among  the  remarkable  mountains  of  the 
Sierra  Nevada  are  Mount  Whitney  and  Mount  Shasta 
(14,440  feet).  (See  SiBiinA  Nevada.)  Between  the  Sierra 
Nevada  and  the  Wahsatch  Mountains  (a  range  which  crosses 
Utah  about  midway  between  the  Rocky  Mountains  and  the 
Sierra  Nevada)  is  an  avid  plateau  called  the  Great  Basin 
or  Fremont's  Basin,  which  is  about  500  miles  in  extent  and 
has  an  elevation  of  nearly  5000  feet.  Here  are  salt  lakes 
which  have  no  outlet,  and  rivers  which  send  no  tribute  to 
the  sea.  The  central  part  of  Mexico  is  a  high  table-land, 
Bometimes  called  Anahuac,  the  elevation  of  which  is  from 
6000  to  8000  feet.  From  this  plateau,  which  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  and  W.  by  high  mountains,  rise  Popocatepetl  and 
other  volcanoes.  Another  large  plateau  occurs  in  New 
Mexico,  with  an  elevation  of  from  4000  to  6000  feet.  About 
half  the  area  of  North  America  from  the  AUeghanies  to  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  including  part  of  Canada  and  Labrador, 
has  been  characterized  by  liumboldt  as  "  an  almost  con- 
tinuous region  of  savannas  and  prairies."  The  great  fertile 
basin  of  the  Mississippi  is  the  most  characteristic  and  val- 
uable part  of  North  America.  A  largo  part  of  this  plain 
was  originally  covered  with  dense  forests. 

In  North  America,  as  in  other  continents,  the  great  ocean 
is  bordered  by  a  chain  of  high  mountains,  and  the  lesser 
ocean,  the  Atlantic,  by  a  chain  or  system  much  inferior  in 
height  and  in  breadth.  This  is  the  Appalachian  system  (or 
AUeghanies),  which  determines  the  trend  of  the  Atlantic 
coast,  to  which  it  is  nearly  parallel.  Its  direction  is  nearly 
N.E.  and  S.W.  The  term  AUeghanies  is  usually  confined 
to  that  part  of  this  system  which  is  included  in  Pennsyl- 
vania and  Virginia,  consisting  of  a  series  of  parallel  ridges 
separated  by  narrow  valleys.  The  northern  part  of  New 
York  is  occupied  by  a  group  called  the  Adirondacks.  The 
highest  peak  of  the  Appalachian  system  is  in  North  Caro- 
lina. It  is  estimated  to  be  6707  feet  high.  See  Appala- 
chian Mountains. 

Rivers  and  Lakes. — No  continent  is  more  amply  supplied 
with  large  navigable  rivers,  opening  the  interior  to  the 
commerce  of  the  world.  "AH  the  great  development  of 
the  hydraulic  system  is  on  the  east  side  of  the  Pacific 
mountain-chain."  From  the  great  interior  plain  the  Mac- 
kenzie River  runs  northward  to  the  Arctic  Ocean,  the  St. 
Lawrence  into  the  Atlantic,  and  the  Mississippi  and  Rio 
Grande  del  Norte  southward  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  The 
Mississippi  with  its  tributaries  affords  a  greater  extent 
of  inland  navigation  than  all  the  rivers  of  Europe.  The 
other  principal  rivers  are  the  Missouri,  the  Arkansas,  the 
Ohio,  the  St.  Lawrence,  the  Red  River,  the  Kansas,  the 
Colorado,  which  enters  the  Gulf  of  California,  the  Nel- 
son, the  Platte,  the  Yukon,  and  the  Columbia,  which  enters 
the  Pacific  Ocean.  Steamboats  ascend  the  Mississippi  to 
St.  Paul,  about  2200  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  they  ascend 
the  Missouri  to  Fort  Benton,  which  is  3900  miles  from  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico  and  about  2500  miles  from  the  junction  of 
the  Missouri  with  the  Mississippi.  The  length  of  this  river, 
including  the  Missouri,  is  about  4300  miles.  "Within  a 
radius  of  ten  miles,"  says  Hayden,  "may  be  found  the 
•ources  of  three  of  the  largest  rivers  in   America, — the 


Columbia,  the  Missouri,  and  the  Colorado."  The  St.  Law- 
rence is  the  outlet  of  five  great  lakes, — namely,  Superior, 
which  has  an  area  of  about  32,000  square  miles,  Huron 
(21,000  square  miles),  Michigan  (about  20,000  square  miles), 
Erie,  and  Ontario.  These  constitute  the  largest  collection 
of  fresh  water  on  the  globe,  are  connected  by  straits  and 
short  rivers,  and  are  channels  of  a  very  extensive  commerce, 
in  which  hundreds  of  steamboats  are  employed.  All  the 
water  which  issues  from  four  of  these  lakes  plunges  over  a 
precipice  at  Niagara  Falls,  the  most  magnificent  cataract  in 
the  world.  The  other  principal  lakes  are  the  Athabasca, 
the  AVinnipeg,  the  Slave  Lake,  and  the  Great  Bear  Lake,  in 
British  America;  Champlain  and  Great  Salt  Lake,  in  the 
United  States;  and  Lake  Nicaragua,  in  the  state  of  Nic- 
aragua. The  states  of  Maine,  New  York,  Michigan,  Min- 
nesota, Florida,  and  Oregon  contain  multitudes  of  beautiful 
lakes  from  1  to  45  miles  in  length. 

Climate, — The  climate  is  variable,  and  generally  healthy, 
but  is  subject  to  great  extremes  of  heat  and  cold.  The  tem- 
perature of  the  Atlantic  coast  in  winter  is  about  10°  lower 
than  that  of  places  of  the  same  latitude  in  Western  Europe; 
but  the  climate  of  the  Pacific  slope  in  California  and  Oregon 
is  milder  than  that  of  the  Atlantic  states.  In  British  America 
and  the  Northern  United  States  the  winters  are  long  and 
severe.  The  north  and  northwest  winds,  coming  from  the 
Arctic  regions,  are  not  obstructed  by  any  chain  of  moun- 
tains, and  often  reduce  the  temperature  even  of  the  Middle 
States  to  10°  or  15°  below  zero.  "The  extreme  cold  of 
Northeast  America,"  says  Sir  John  Ilerschel,  "is  evidently 
referable  to  the  delivery  of  the  whole  circulating  water  of 
the  Arctic  Ocean  along  its  coast,  and  through  the  intricacies 
of  Bafiin's  and  Hudson's  Bays,  and  the  channels  leading 
into  them,  deep  into  the  continent." 

The  difference  between  the  mean  summer  temperature 
and  that  of  winter  amounts  to  44°  at  Philadelphia  and  54" 
at  Fort  Snelling,  Minnesota.  The  entire  range  of  the  ther- 
mometer at  San  Diego,  California,  is  only  50°  Fahr.,  but  in 
the  Atlantic  states  it  is  110°  or  more.  The  table-lands  of 
Mexico,  though  in  the  torrid  zone,  have  a  delightful  and 
temperate  climate,  except  the  liability  to  long  droughts. 
The  extremes  of  heat  and  cold  in  the  Mississippi  Valley  are 
as  great  as  on  the  Atlantic  coast.  In  Central  America  the 
climate  of  the  lowlands  is  hot  and  unhealthy.  The  year  is 
divided  into  two  seasons,  the  wet  and  the  dry.  The  sun  is 
vertical  in  the  wet  season,  which  comes  between  April  and 
October.  During  this  season,  sometimes  called  winter,  the 
sun  is  almost  continually  hidden  by  clouds,  and  rain  often 
falls  in  torrents.  The  dry  season  lasts  from  October  to  April 
or  May. 

Geology  and  Minerals. — Palaeozoic  strata,  Silurian,  De- 
vonian, and  Carboniferous,  are  largely  developed  in  the 
United  States.  '  The  Alleghany  mountain-system  belongs 
chiefly  to  the  older  and  newer  Palaeozoic,  the  Silurian  and 
Devonian  groups  of  rocks,  being  flanked  on  both  sides  by 
bands  of  the  Carboniferous  series,  which  on  the  west  expand 
into  extensive  coal-fields.  "The  North  American  conti- 
nent," says  the  Encyclopaedia  Brjtannica,  "  afibrds  an  in- 
teresting study  of  the  geological  changes  and  adjustments 
by  which  the  mighty  work  of  preparation  for  what  promises 
to  be  a  noble  development  of  humanity  was  slowly  effected 
in  the  remote  epochs  of  the  past.  The  oldest  sedimentary 
rocks  anywhere  found  on  the  globe  are  those  which  under- 
lie the  whole  of  Canada,  New  Brunswick,  Newfoundland, 
the  Labrador  peninsula,  and  the  country  N.  of  Lake  Supe- 
rior." These  are  called  the  Laurcntian.  Metamorphic  and 
tertiary  strata  occupy  a  large  part  of  the  continent.  The 
Cretaceous  system  is  largely  developi'd  in  the  Dakotas,  Ne- 
braska, Texas,  Utah,  and  other  western  states  and  territories. 

The  Colorado  River  flows  for  about  300  miles  in  a  pro- 
found chasm  between  vertical  walls  which  are  at  some  places 
a  mile  high.  It  opens  all  the  series  of  geological  strata 
down  to  their  granite  foundation.  Volcanic  rocks  abound 
in  the  Cascade  Range  and  in  other  regions  between  the  Pa- 
cific and  the  Rocky  Mountains.  The  nucleus  of  the  Sierra 
Nevada  is  mostly  formed  of  granite,  gneiss,  trachyte,  <tc. 
Here  are  rich  mines  of  gold,  which  also  abounds  in  the 
Mountains  of  Colorado,  Idaho,  California,  and  Montana, 
and  is  found  in  British  Columbia,  in  Arizona,  in  the  Black 
Hills  of  South  Dakota,  in  Georgia,  and  in  the  Caiolinas. 
There  are  rich  silver-mines  in  Mexico,  Nevada,  New  Mexico, 
Montana,  Utah,  and  Colorado.  Copper  abounds  in  the  upper 
peninsula  of  Michigan,  on  the  shores  of  Lake  Superior.  Iron, 
lead,  and  coal  abound  in  many  of  the  United  States.  Anti- 
mony, cobalt,  nickel,  platinum,  titanium,  quicksilver,  tin, 
zinc,  Ac,  are  found.  Large  quantities  of  petroleum  are 
procured  in  Pennsylvania,  West  Virginia,  Ohio,  and  Ken- 
tucky.   The  greatest  known  deposits  of  coal  in  the  world 


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M*  thoM  of  the  United  Sutes.  In  Control  America,  ig- 
DMiuaad  vuloanio  rooks  abound;  amuu;i;  the  ininoral  prod- 
nota  are  gold,  quicksilver,  granite,  silver,  lead,  marble, 
jOMHjr,  suliihur,  and  iron. 

Vrijelitble  J'roduetioH*. — The  flora  of  tho  eastern  part  of 
Kortb  America,  from  tho  36th  parallel  to  tho  Arctic  re- 
gions, ditl'ers  from  that  of  Europe  in  the  paucity  of  umbel- 
liferous and  cruciferous  plants,  in  the  aosence  of  heaths, 
and  in  the  abundance  of  <i«<er«  and  »ulidiit/oa.  The  forests 
of  this  region  produce  many  species  of  oak,  maple,  ash, 
beech,  birch,  cedar,  hickory,  fir,  gum,  pine,  poplar,  wild 
cherry,  willow,  chestnut,  elm,  locust,  linden,  cypress  (  Taxo- 
Uihih),  tulip-tree,  walnut,  Aa.  "Of  2yS>l  species  of  phaen- 
ogumous  plants  in  the  United  States,  only  3S5  occur  in 
Northern  or  temperate  Europe."  (Herschel.)  Among  the 
forest-trees  of  the  Southern  United  States  are  the  Mugnolia 
grumlijlui-a  and  other  magnolias,  the  live-oak,  tho  decidu- 
ous cypress,  the  long-leaved  pine,  and  the  palmetto.  North 
America  produces  about  45  species  of  tho  oak.  The  flora 
of  Western  North  Americiv  constitutes  a  distinct  region, — 
that  of  California,  Oregon,  Alaska,  kc.  It  is  remarkable 
for  the  beauty  and  brilliant  color  of  its  flowers,  and  for  the 
magnitude  of  its  coniferous  trees,  many  of  which  are  pecu- 
liar to  that  region.  Among  these  are  the  Sequoia  ffigantea, 
which  grows  300  feet  high,  with  a  diameter  of  30  feet,  the 
redwood  (Sequoia  lempervireim),  the  I'inua  ponderosa,  the 
J'iuHt  Lnmbertiaiia,  the  Abie*  I)ouglaaii,  and  other  species 
of  fir.  Tho  principal  cultivated  plants  are  maize,  cotton, 
wheat,  barley,  oats,  apples,  tobacco,  rice,  sugar-cane,  grapes, 
flax,  oranges,  potatoes,  clover,  beans,  and  peas.  The  flora 
of  Mexico  and  Centnil  America  is  characterized  by  cactuses 
and  pipcraceous  plants.  The  mahogany,  logwood,  and 
lignum- vitm  are  found  in  those  regions.  The  most  impor- 
tant cultivated  plants  are  maize,  sugar-cane,  sweet  potatoes, 
indigo,  tobacco,  and  cacao.  The  vanilla  and  tho  cherimoya 
or  chirimoya,  a  delicious  fruit,  flourish  here. 

Xooloijij. — The  indigenous  animals  of  this  continent  differ 
greatly  from  those  of  the  otlicr  continents.  The  species  of 
large  carnivorous  animals  found  here  are  less  numerous 
than  those  of  Africa  and  Asia.  North  America  has  few  if 
any  pachydermata,  and  only  one  genus  of  marsupials,  the 
opossum.  The  most  formidable  beast  of  prey  is  the  grizzly 
bear  (  Ursiit  horrilills),  which  is  peculiar  to  this  continent. 
The  other  principal  carnivorous  animals  are  the  polar  bear, 
black  bear,  puma,  panther  or  catamount,  wolf,  wild-cat, 
and  fox.  The  order  of  Ruminantia  is  represented  by  the 
musk-ox,  bison  or  buffalo,  elk,  antelope,  many  species  of 
deer,  the  Rocky  Mountain  sheep,  and  the  Rocky  Mountain 
goat  (so  called).  Among  the  smaller  quadrupeds  are  the 
beaver,  badger,  marmot,  otter,  raccoon,  porcupine,  rabbit, 
musk-rat,  squirrel,  and  prairie-dog.  The  class  or  order  of 
Pinnipedia  is  represented  by  the  sea-lion,  the  seal,  and  tho 
walrus. 

Tho  North  American  species  of  birds  already  described 
amount  to  nearly  700,  of  which  more  than  300  are  peculiar. 
Among  the  rapacious  birds  are  several  species  of  eagle,  the 
vulture,  falcon,  hawk,  and  owl.  The  wild  turkey  and  mock- 
ing-bird are  peculiar  to  North  America.  The  latter,  "  besides 
possessing  an  unrivalled  song  proper  to  itself,  imitates  in 
perfection,  and  even  surpasses,  that  of  every  other  species." 
Among  the  other  birds  are  the  crow,  heron,  grouse,  pigeon, 
pheasant,  swan,  wild  goose,  pelican,  lark,  robin,  cat-bird, 
thrush,  swallow,  blue  jaj',  oriole,  turtle-dove,  humming-bird, 
sparrow,  woodpecker,  and  bobolink. 

Among  the  reptiles  are  the  alligator  and  the  rattlesnake 
{Crolalua),  the  latter  of  which  is  peculiar  to  America  and  is 
among  the  most  deadly  of  serpents.  The  species  of  fishes 
found  on  the  coast  and  in  the  lakes  and  rivers  are  almost 
innumerable. 

Races  of  Men. — The  origin  of  the  indigenous  population 
is  unknown.  It  appears  that  in  pre-historic  ages  North 
America  was  inhabited  by  partially  civilized  and  agricul- 
tural people  (mound-builders),  who  were  quite  different 
from  the  savage  and  nomadio  Indians  of  modern  times. 
Among  the  monuments  and  evidences  of  their  existence 
are  numerous  fortifications,  mounds,  walls  of  regular  ma- 
sonry, pottery,  implements  of  copper,  Ac.  It  is  probable 
that  these  people  became  extinct  1000  years  before  Co- 
lumbus discovered  America.  The  northern  part  of  this 
continent  is  inhabited  by  the  Esquimaux,  who  call  them- 
Belves  Innuit,  a  race  of  low  stature,  about  4J  or  5  feet  high, 
Bubsisting  chiefly  on  fish,  blubber,  and  the  flesh  of  seals.  They 
are  very  ignorant  and  uncivilized.  The  other  aborigines 
are  generally  tall,  robust,  and  well  proportioned,  with  prom- 
inent cheek-bones,  long,  coarse,  black  hair,  and  thin  beard. 
The  complexion  of  some  tribes  is  copper-red  or  brown,  pre- 
■enting  a  considerable  diversity  of  shade.     They  are  no- 


madio and  predatory  in  habits,  subsisting  mainly  by  hunting 
and  fishing,  but  some  tribes  cultivate  the  soil.  They  are 
distinguished  for  their  power  of  endurance  and  their  ."toical 
fortitude  and  apathy,  and  are  warlike,  cruel,  and  treacherous. 
Many  of  the  tribes  manifest  implacable  hostility  to  other 
tribes,  and  are  engaged  in  almost  continual  warfare.  They 
torturo  prisoners  of  war,  and  sometimes  burn  them  at  tho 
stake.  They  often  ride  on  horseback  in  their  predatory 
expeditions  and  hunting-excursions.  They  are  in  a  low 
sUite  of  intellectual  devcloj)ment,  are  averse  to  the  rc-itriiinta 
of  education  and  regular  indmstry,  and  cannot  easily  bo  in- 
duced to  substitute  civilized  habits  and  institutions  for  their 
wild  and  primitive  mode  of  life.  "  They  are  curious  ob- 
servers, noting  everything  in  silence,  with  a  keen  and 
watchful  eye,  occasionally  exchanging  a  glance  or  a  grunt 
with  each  other,  but  reserving  all  comment  till  they  are 
alone."  Some  tribes  build  rude  huts  called  icitjaunim,  which 
are  often  circular.  The  number  of  languages  spoken  by  tho 
aborigines,  including  those  of  South  America,  is  estiiiiatod 
at  450.  The  population  of  Mexico  and  Central  America 
consists  of  Creoles,  whites,  mestizoes,  and  Indians.  The 
mestizoes  are  the  offsj)ring  of  white  and  Indian  parents. 
The  women  are  treated  with  little  respect,  and  perform  tho 
hard  labor.  Among  tho  inhabitants  of  the  United  .States 
are  about  4,000,000  persons  of  the  African  race.  The  Euro- 
pean or  white  population  of  this  continent  consists  mostly 
of  descendants  of  Anglo-Saxons,  Germans,  Irish,  Scandina- 
vians, and  Spaniards. 

History. — Columbus  discovered  Cuba,  and  other  islands, 
in  1492.  John  Cabot  and  his  son  Sebastian  discovered  the 
coast  of  North  America  in  1497.  It  is  supposed  that  Lab- 
rador was  the  part  of  the  continent  first  seen  by  the  Cabots. 
About  1500,  Caspar  de  Cortereal,  a  Portuguese,  explored  or 
visited  the  coast  of  Labrador.  Ponce  de  Leon  discovered 
Florida  in  1512.  In  1524,  Giovanni  Verrazano,  a  Floren- 
tine navigator,  patronized  by  Francis  I.  of  France,  explored 
about  2000  miles  of  the  eastern  coast,  including  the  l.'nited 
States.  Cortez,  a  Spaniard,  conquered  Mexico  and  the  ter- 
ritory southward,  about  1520.  French  colonies  were  planted 
in  Canada,  and  English  colonies  on  the  Atlantic  co.ist,  but 
in  1759-60  the  former  passed  under  the  government  of 
the  British,  and  the  latter  declared  themselves  independent 
in  1776  and  established  the  republic  of  the  United  States 
(for  the  subsequent  history,  see  United  States).  In  1822 
Mexico  threw  off  the  Spanish  yoke,  and  has  since  remained 
independent ;  and  in  1824  the  five  states  of  Central  America, 
Guatemala,  Costa  Rica,  Honduras,  Nicaragua,  and  San  Sal- 
vador, united  to  form  a  federal  republic.  The  union  was 
dissolved  in  1839,  since  which  this  region  has  been  a  scene 
of  revolution  and  anarchy. 

South  Amkuica  (Fr.  Am(rique  Mirldionnl,  i'mA,Vcek' 
miVecMc-o^nal',  or  Amiriqne  du  Sud,  i^mi^eek' dii  siid; 
Ger.  Sud  Amerikn,  slid  1-mi're-ki;  Span.  America  Meri- 
diouid,  i-mi're-kS.  mi-ro-de-o-nll'),  a  vast  triangular  pen- 
insula, connected  on  the  N.W.  with  North  America  by  the 
Isthmus  of  Panama,  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Caribbean 
Sea,  on  the  N.E.  and  E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the 
W.  by  the  Pacific.  It  extends  from  lat.  12°  30'  N.  to  Cape 
Horn,  lat.  55°  59'  S.,  a  distance  of  about  4800  miles.  Its 
greatest  breadth  from  E.  to  W.  is  about  3200  miles.  The 
area  is  estimated  at  6,800,000  square  miles,  and  the  coast- 
line is  about  16,500  miles  long.  Its  form  is  compact,  and 
it  is  not  deeply  indented  by  gulfs  or  bays.  About  three- 
fourths  of  South  America  lie  in  the  torrid  zone.  There  are 
no  large  islands  near  its  coasts,  except  Terra  del  Fuego, 
Chiloe,  and  Joannes  or  Marajo.  The  population  of  South 
America  is  estimated  at  33,342,700. 

Political  JDivisiona. — These  are  Brazil,  British  Guiana, 
Dutch  Guiana,  French  Guiana,  Ecuador,  Colombia,  Vene- 
zuela, Bolivia,  Chili,  Peru,  Argentine  Republic,  Uruguay, 
and  Paraguay. 

Mowrtaius  and  Plains. — The  principal  mountnin-cliain  is 
the  Cordillera  of  the  Andes,  which  extends  along  the  Pacific 
coast  in  a  N.  and  S.  direction  from  the  Strait  of  Magellan 
to  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  a  distance  of  about  4500  miles. 
This  continuous  chain,  which  is  one  of  the  most  prominent 
physical  features  of  the  globe,  is  nearly  parallel  to  the  Pa- 
cific coast,  and  is  about  100  miles  from  that  ocean.  The 
Andes  are  the  highest  mountains  of  the  world  except  the 
Himalayas.  The  height  of  the  porphyritic  nevado  of  Acon- 
cagua, a  peak  of  the  Chilian  Andes,  is  computed  to  be 
23,290  feet  (some  say  22,422).  A  single  straight  chain  ex- 
tends in  a  precise  meridional  direction  from  Cape  Horn 
nearly  to  lat.  20°  S.  From  a  point  near  the  volcano  Sahama 
(22,350  feet  high),  it  deflects  N.W.,  still  following  the  sea- 
coast,  but  it  is  now  flanked  by  a  great  parallel  chain,  the 
Cordillera  Real,  which  culminates  in  Mount  Sorata  (21,286 


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fett).  These  chains  include  between  them  the  plateau  of 
Bolivia,  a  great  table-land,  which  is  12,900  feet  above  the 
eea-level,  and  contains  Lake  Titicaca.  The  Cordillera  Real 
is  parallel  to  the  main  chain,  in  which  alone  the  active  vol- 
canoes occur.  Among  these  volcanoes  are  Sahama,  Guala- 
teiri  (21,960  feet),  Chipicani,  and  Cotopaxi  (18,880  feet). 
The  mean  elevation  of  the  Andes,  according  to  Humboldt, 
is  11  8;10  feet.  "Among  the  colossal  mountains  of  Cundi- 
namarca,  of  Quito,  and  of  Peru,  furrowed  by  deep  ravines, 
man  is  enabled  to  contemplate  alike  all  the  families  of 
plants  and  all  the  stars  of  the  firmament.  .  .  .  There  the 
depths  of  the  earth  and  the  vaults  of  heaven  display  all  the 
richness  of  their  forms  and  the  variety  of  their  phenomena." 

Brazil  is  partly  occupied  by  several  ranges  of  mountains, 
the  culminating  point  of  which  is  Itambe,  said  to  be  8426 
feet  high.  A  branch  of  the  Andes,  called  the  Coast  chain, 
or  Cordillera  of  the  Coast,  extends  northeastward  through 
Venezuela  to  the  Caribbean  Sea.  The  highest  point  of 
this  range  is  the  Silla  de  Caracas,  which  hsis  an  altitude  of 
8700  feet.  The  interior  of  this  continent  is  occupied  by  the 
basin  of  the  Amazon,  and  by  other  vast  level  plains,  called 
Pumpas.  The  basin  of  the  Amazon  is  a  plain  with  an  area 
of  about  2,000,000  square  miles,  having  a  rich  soil  and  a 
warm  and  humid  climate.  Part  of  this  plain  is  called 
^iloaii,  and  is  covered  by  an  immense  primeval  forest,  so 
dense  and  impenetrable  as  to  defy  access  except  by  the  navi- 
gation of  the  rivers,  and  tenanted  by  innumerable  animals. 
The  terra  Pampas  is  applied  to  the  great  plains  of  the  Ar- 
gentine Republic,  situated  between  the  Andes  and  the  river 
Parana  and  partly  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Atlantic 
Ocean.  This  vast  tract  is  destitute  of  trees  and  is  not  well 
watered.  In  the  wet  season  it  produces  gigantic  thistles 
and  long  pampas  grass,  and  is  overrun  by  innumerable 
herds  of  cattle  and  horses;  in  the  dry  seasorf  it  becomes  a 
desert,  and  the  vegetation  disappears.  The  area  of  the 
Pampas  is  estimated  at  600,000  square  miles,  excluding 
those  of  the  old  division  of  Patagonia,  which  are  still  more 
sterile.  In  the  basin  of  the  Orinoco  are  extensive  plains, 
called  Llanos,  which  are  perfectly  level. 

Rivers  and  Lakes. — South  America  possesses  the  largest 
river  of  the  world,  the  Amazon,  which  is  about  4000  miles 
long.  All  the  great  rivers  flow  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  the 
Pacific  slope  being  too  narrow  to  nurture  any  streams  but 
short  mountain-torrents.  It  is  stated  that  the  Amazon  dis- 
charges a  greater  volume  of  water  than  the  eight  principal 
rivers  of  Asia.  It  is  navigable  2200  miles  from  its  mouth, 
and  opens  an  easy  communication  from  the  Atlantic  almost 
to  the  l)ase  of  the  Andes.  It  is  connected  with  the  Orinoco 
by  a  natural  and  navigable  canal  called  the  Cassiquiare,  the 
surface  here  being  too  low  and  level  to  form  a  water-shed 
between  the  two  basins.  The  principal  tributaries  of  the 
Amazon  are  the  Rio  Negro,  the  Putumayo,  the  Madeira, 
the  Japura,  the  Purus,  the  Tapajos,  and  the  Xingu.  The 
northern  part  of  South  America  is  drained  by  the  Orinoco. 
The  other  great  rivers  arc  the  La  Plata  or  Parana,  the  Par.a- 
guay,  and  the  Sao  Francisco.  This  continent  is  deficient 
in  lakes.  The  largest  of  its  lakes  is  Titicaca.  celebrated  as 
the  cradle  of  Peruvian  civilization.  It  is  about  100  miles 
long,  600  feet  deep,  and  12,795  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

(Jliniate. — In  the  portions  which  lie  in  the  torrid  zone  the 
climate  is  modified  by  trade-winds,  high  mountains,  and 
other  local  causes.  In  the  basin  of  the  Amazon  the  climate 
is  not  very  hot,  nor  very  unhealthy,  the  heat  being  tem- 
•pered  by  immense  forests  and  the  east  wind  which  generally 
blows  up  the  river.  This  great  plain  is  remarkable  for  the 
imall  seasonal  variation  of  heat,  and  enjoys  perpetual  sum- 
mer. Here  the  year  is  divided  into  two  seasons,  the  wet 
and  the  dry.  Excessive  rains  fall  in  the  months  of  Jan- 
nary,  February,  March,  April,  and  May,  accompanied  by 
violent  thunder-storms.  The  hottest  part  of  South  America 
is  the  steppes  of  Caracas,  where  the  highest  temperature  is 
about  98°  in  the  shade.  Brazil  exhibits  a  considerable 
variety  of  climate.  Para,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Amazon, 
has  an  equable  and  delightful  climate,  with  a  mean  annual 
temperature  of  80°,  a  maximum  of  95°,  and  a  minimum  of 
6S°  or  70°  J'ahr.  The  mean  annual  temperature  at  the  city 
of  Buenos  Ayres  is  about  68°.  On  the  west  coast,  between 
the  Andes  and  the  sea,  is  a  narrow  rainless  district  nearly 
1000  miles  long. 

Geoloi/;/  and  Minerals. — Granite  forms  the  foundation  of 
this  continent,  and  gneiss,  mica  schist,  and  quartz  are  found 
associated  with  the  granite.  The  great  Cordillera  of  the 
Andes  is  composed  mainly  of  granite,  gneiss,  porphyry, 
trachyte,  basalt,  and  other  igneous  rocks.  Tertiary  beds, 
together  with  post-tertiary  or  alluvial  beds,  cover  the  largest 
part  of  the  great  plains  or  river-basins,  and  also  occur  on 
the  seaward  tianks  of  the  principal  mountain-chains.    Hum- 


boldt found  in  Peru  vast  masses  of  quartz,  7000  feet  high. 
Red  sandstone,  carboniferous  limestone,  and  other  limestones 
are  largely  developed  in  Brazil  and  other  parts  of  the  con- 
tinent. Jurassic  and  triassic  rocks  are  found  on  the  west 
flank  of  the  Andes.  The  rich  and  deep  soil  of  the  Pampas 
is  alluvial,  deposited  in  the  estuary  of  the  La  Plata,  the 
position  of  which  has  been  changed  continually  by  the 
gradual  upheaval  of  the  country.  In  the  Peruvian  Andes 
coal  occurs  at  the  height  of  14,750  feet.  A  large  coal-field 
has  been  found  in  Brazil,  in  the  state  of  Santa  Catharina, 
near  the  sea.  Rich  mines  of  precious  motals  are  found 
in  many  parts  of  South  America,  especially  in  Bolivia, 
Brazil,  Chili,  and  Peru.  The  silver-mines  of  Potosi  (Bo- 
livia).are  celebrated,  and  silver  abounds  near  Copiapo,  in 
Chili,  (jold  is  found  in  the  Peruvian  Andes,  in  Brazil,  and 
in  Chili.  The  copper-mines  of  Chili  are  among  the  most 
productive  in  the  world.  Brazil  possesses  important  dia- 
mond-mines. The  finest  emeralds  are  found  in  Colombia 
and  Venezuela.  Iron  ore  abounds  in  Brazil  and  Chili ;  lea<l 
is  found  in  the  former,  and  coal  is  mined  in  the  latter. 

Veijetahle  Products. — This  continent  is  remarkable  for  the 
magnitude  of  its  forests,  which  are  estimated  to  cover  two- 
thirds  of  its  surface.  The  basin  of  the  Amazon,  and  the 
upper  part  of  that  of  the  Parana,  are  rich  beyond  descrip- 
tion in  forest  vegetation.  Palms  and  melastomas  are  its 
most  characteristic  forms.  The  magnificent  evergreen  trees 
are  covered,  festooned,  and  draped  with  parasitical  crcejiers 
and  twining  plants,  with  orchidcae,  tillandsias,  lianas,  <tc., 
and  many  of  them  are  adorned  with  brilliant  flowers,  which 
are  on  the  tops  of  the  trees.  Among  the  valuable  trees 
are  the  Cinchona,  which  grows  in  the  highlands  of  Peru ; 
the  Siphonia  elastica,  a  native  of  Brazil,  which  afl'ords 
caoutchouc;  the  Theohroma  Cacao;  the  Araiicaria  im- 
hricata,  of  Chili  (260  feet  in  height) ;  several  species  of 
oak,  of  brazil-wood,  and  of  rose-wood  ;  the  cow-tree,  of  two 
or  more  species,  yielding  a  sweet  and  nourishing  fluid  like 
milk.  The  potato  is  here  indigenous,  and  grows  wild  in 
Peru.  The  Mora  excelsa,  a  native  of  Guiana,  is  an  excel- 
lent timber  tree. 

Among  the  vegetable  products  are  coffee,  sugar,  cacao, 
indigo,  maize,  the  century-plant  {Agave  Americana),  ba- 
nanas, oranges,  pine-apples,  arafas,  eocoanuts,  grapes, 
mangoes,  the  chirimoya,  the  guava,  mangabas,  tapioca, 
vanilla,  and  the  mate,  or  Paraguay  tea.  The  natives  of 
Bolivia  and  Peru  use  large  quantities  of  the  narcotic  and 
stimuLant  coca,  the  leaf  of  the  Erythroxylon  Coca,  a  shrub 
which  grows  in  the  tropical  valleys  near  the  Andes.  The 
region  of  arborescent  Compositm,  extending  from  the  tropic 
of  Capricorn  to  lat.  40°  S.,  comprises  Southern  Brazil,  Chili, 
and  the  Argentine  Republic.  Among  the  mountains  and 
table-lands  of  Peru  and  Ecuador  the  fruits  and  plants  of 
the  temperate  zone  flourish  under  the  equator.  "  There  at 
a  single  glance,"  says  Humboldt,  "  the  eye  surveys  majestic 
palms,  humid  forests  of  bambusa,  and  the  varied  species  of 
Musacea),  while  above  these  forms  of  tropical  vegetation 
appear  oaks,  medlars,  the  sweet-brier,  and  umbelliferous 
plants." 

Within  an  area  half  a  mile  square  in  an  Amazonian 
forest  Agassiz  counted  117  species  of  trees.  The  wood  of 
many  of  these  is  excellent  timber  for  cabinet-work.  Among 
them  are  the  cedro,  or  Brazilian  mahogany,  the  black-heart 
(Andira  aublettii),  the  tortoise-shell  wood  (Piratinern  Giiia- 
iiensis),  the  majaranduba  {Mimitsops  elata),  which  grows 
200  feet  high,  and  is  good  for  ship-building  and  furniture. 

Zoology. — The  animals  of  South  America  arc  very  dif- 
ferent from  those  of  Africa,  Asia,  and  North  America.  The 
number  of  formidable  beasts  of  prey  is  not  so  great  here,  the 
most  dangerous  animal  being  the  jaguar  (Felis  ovca),  which 
resembles  a  leopard  in  form  and  color  and  exceeds  it  in 
length.  Among  the  other  carnivorous  animals  arc  the  puma, 
or  cougar  {Felis  concolor),  the  ocelot,  tiger-cat,  and  other 
species  of  Felidm.  The  monkey  tribe  is  well  represented 
by  many  species,  which  abound  in  the  forests  of  the 
tropical  regions,  and  are  highly  developed  tree-climbers, 
rarely  descending  to  the  ground.  As  they  are  the  most 
powerful  mammals  of  arboreal  habits,  they  have  nearly  un- 
disputed possession  of  these  forests.  The  lama,  alpaca,  and 
vicuna  are  peculiar  to  South  America.  Among  the  other 
animals  are  the  deer,  chinchilla,  tapir,  armadillo,  ant-eater, 
sloth,  peccary,  and  capybara,  an  aquatic  animal  of  the  order 
liodentia.  Guiana  and  Brazil  are  infested  by  vampires, 
large  bats  which  are  said  to  suck  the  blood  of  sleeping  men. 
The  Pampas  swarm  with  wild  cattle  and  horses,  supposed  to 
be  descended  from  progenitors  that  were  brought  to  South 
America  by  Europeans.  In  the  tropical  marshes  are  found 
the  boa-constrictor,  the  scorpion,  and  a  large  centipede. 
The  condor  freq^ucnts  tho  inaccessible  peaks  of  the  Anden 


AME 


480 


AMG 


Among  the  other  birds  arc  the  eagle,  vulture,  parrot,  cura«- 
•ow,  and  toucan.  The  number  of  speoiea  of  fish  in  tho 
South  Auiorican  waters  is  very  great.  Agaasii  found  about 
2000  spooios  in  the  basin  of  the  Amaton. 

Population  and  Haeet. — The  ruling  olanes  in  all  the 
South  American  countries  are  descendants  of  Spaniards, 
«zoept  in  the  case  of  firoiil,  whose  rulers  are  of  Portu- 
guese descent.  A  large  portion  of  the  population  is  a 
mixed  race  of  Spanish  (or  Portuguese)  and  Indian  par- 
entage. The  Indians  are  also  numerous.  The  color  of 
their  ikin  is  generally  reddish-brown  or  copper-color.  They 
hare  long,  coarse,  black  hair,  black  eyes,  aquiline  nose,  thin 
beard  or  no  beard.  They  are  ignorant,  indolent,  uncivil- 
ited,  and  mostly  unwarlike,  except  tho  Araucanians.  Tho 
most  prominent  trait  of  their  character  is  an  imperturbable 
apathy.  The  Peruvian  Indians,  or  Quichuas,  are  mild,  gen- 
tle, indolent,  and  reserved.  The  Araucanians  are  more 
intelligent,  vigorous,  and  warlike,  and  love  their  liberty. 
They  are  skilful  in  working  gold,  silver,  and  other  metals. 
The  Pampas  Indians  are  short  in  stature,  but  muscular  and 
athletic,  with  cruel  and  ferocious  dispositions.  The  Pampas 
are  inhabited  by  rude  and  turbulent  people  called  Gauchos, 
who  are  mestizoes  or  half-breeds.  They  live  on  horseback, 
and  eat  beof  almost  exclusively.  In  Brazil  tho  negroes  and 
mulattoes,  descended  from  slaves  imported  from  Africa,  con- 
stitute one  of  tho  largest  elements  of  the  population.  Brazil 
is  also  occupied  by  numerous  tribes  of  aborigines,  who  remain 
in  a  savage  state.  They  aro  men  of  middle  stature,  robust, 
and  muscular,  with  long  black  hair,  black  eyes,  and  apathetic 
or  cruel  dispositions. 

History. — This  continent  was  discovered  by  Christopher 
Columbus  on  his  third  voyage,  in  1498,  landing  near  tho 
mouth  of  the  Orinoco  River.  Alonzo  do  Ojeda,  a  Spaniard, 
accompanied  by  Amerigo  Vespucci,  explored  tho  northern 
coasts  about  1499-1500.  Vespucci  published  a  narrative  of 
this  voyage.  Cabral,  a  Portuguese  navigator,  discovered 
Brazil  in  1500.  Vincent  Pinfon  (or  Pinzon)  is  said  to  have 
entered  the  mouth  of  tho  Rio  do  la  Plata  in  1508.  About 
1512  Vaeco  Nufiez  do  Balboa  crossed  tho  Isthmus  of  Darien 
and  discovered  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Pizarro,  a  Spanish  ad- 
venturer, conquered  Peru  about  1532.  In  1519,  Magellan 
(or  Magalhaens)  discovered  the  straits  now  bearing  his  name. 
The  Spaniards  conquered  nearly  all  parts  of  South  America 
except  Brazil,  which  was  subject  to  the  King  of  Portugal 
until  1822,  when  an  independent  empire  was  established. 
The  Spanish  colonies  revolted  in  1810,  and  waged  a  long 
war  of  independence  against  the  royalist  Spanish  armies, 
establishing  tho  republics  of  Chili  (1817),  Colombia  (1819), 
La  Plata  (1810),  Paraguay  (1810),  and  Peru  (1821). 

America^  a  post-hamlet  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  near  the 
San  Francisco  &  North  Pacific  Railroad,  about  30  miles  N. 
of  Santa  Rosa. 

America,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pulaski  co.,  III.,  12  miles 
by  rail  N.  by  E.  from  Cairo. 

America,  a  township  of  Plymouth  co.,  Iowa.  It  con- 
tains Le  Mars,  the  county  seat.     Pop.  4754. 

America,  a  post-village  of  Lee  co.,  Ky.,  10  miles  E. 
of  Beattysville. 

America  City,  a  post-village  of  Nemaha  co.,  Kansas, 
about  45  miles  N.N.W.  of  Topeka.  It  is  6  miles  S.  of  Cor- 
ning Railroad  Station. 

America  Meridional,  Spanish  for  South  Ameuica. 

Amer'ican  Cor'iiers,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caroline  co., 
Sid.,  6  miles  N.  of  Federalsburg. 

American  Falls,  a  post-villnge  of  Oneida  co.,  Idaho, 
on  Snake  River,  82  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Shoshone. 

American  Flat,  of  Storey  co.,  Nov.,  is  on  the  Vir- 
ginia A  Truckee  Railroad,  about  .3  miles  from  Virginia.  It 
is  a  portion  of  Gold  Ilill.     Silver  is  mined  here. 

American  Fork,  a  post-village  of  Utah  co.,  Utah,  at 
the  junction  of  2  railroads,  34  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Salt 
Lake  City.  It  has  2  churches,  2  graded  schools,  a  bank, 
1  large  and  6  small  hotels,  and  a  sugar-plant.     Pop.  2700. 

American  Mines,  in  Marion  co.,  W.  Va.,  is  »  station 
on  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  21  miles  N.W.  of 
Grafton,  in  the  Tvgart's  Valley  coal  region. 

American  River,  of  California,  is  formed  by  three 
branches,  called  the  North,  Middle,  and  South  Forks,  the  first 
and  last  of  which  unite  about  3  miles  above  Folsom,  Sacra- 
mento CO.  It  runs  southwestward  about  .30  miles,  and  enters 
the  Sacramento  River  at  the  city  of  Sacramento.  The 
Forks  rise  in  the  Sierra  Nevada,  and  run  in  narrow  canons 
or  ravines  which  in  some  plaoes  are  about  2000  feet  deep. 
The  Middle  Fork  forms  the  boundary  between  El  Dorado 
and  Placer  cos.,  and  enters  the  North  Fork  near  Auburn. 
The  South  Fork  intersects  the  county  of  El  Dorado,  and  runs 
nearly  westward.    The  North  Fork  runs  southwestward, 


and  drains  part  of  Placer  oo.  Rich  gold-mines  occur  oa 
tho  banks  of  those  forks. 

America  Sctentrional,  Spanish  for  Nortb  AuRnicA. 

Amer'icns,  a  po«t-town,  capital  of  Sumter  co.,  Ua.,  at 
the  junction  of  several  railroads,  64  miles  S.E.  of  Columbus, 
and  71  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Macon.     It  has  several  churches, 

2  or  3  bunks,  3  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of 
furniture,  carriages,  Ac.    Pop.  in  1880,  3635  ;  in  1S90,  6398. 

Americas,  a  post-village  of  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind.,  on 
tho  Wabash  River  and  Wabash  A  Erie  Canal,  10  miles  N.E. 
of  Lafayette,  and  2  miles  from  Colburn  Railroad  Station. 
It  has  several  churches,  a  graded  school,  gri:;t-mill,  wagon- 
shop,  Ac.     Pop.  143. 

Americas,  a  post-village  of  Lyon  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Neosho  River,  9  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Emporia.     It  has 

3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a 
cheese-factory.     Pop.  393;  of  the  township,  1857. 

Americas,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Miss.,  30 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Mobile,  Ala. 

Amcricus,  a  post-hamlet  ef  Montgomery  co.,  Mo., 
about  80  miles  W.  by  N.  of  St.  Louis.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Amcrika,  the  German  for  Ameuica. 

Am^rique,  the  French  for  America. 

Am^rique  du  Nord.    See  America. 

Am^rique  M^ridionale,  and  Am^rique  du  Snd, 
the  French  for  South  America. 

Ameriquc  Scptcntrionale.    See  America. 

Amcriscoggin,  former  name  of  the  Androscoggix. 

Amerkote,  im'^r-kot',  or  Om'erkote',  a  town  and 
fort  of  India,  in  Sinde,  90  miles  E.  of  Hyderabad.  Lat. 
25°  19'  N. ;  Ion.  69°  47'  E.  It  is  the  birthplace  of  the  Em- 
peror Akbar.    The  fort  is  about  half  a  mile  from  the  town. 

Amerongen,  A'm^r-ong'^n,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, province  and  21  miles  S.E.  of  Utrecht.     Pop.  2212. 

Amcrsfort,  or  Amersfoort,  i'm?rs-fonr,  a  town  of 
the  Netherlands,  province  of  Utrecht,  with  a  port  on  the 
Ecm,  12i  miles  N.E.  of  Utrecht.  Pop.  13,199.  It  has 
manufactures  of  cotton  and  woollen  stuns,  glass,  silk,  beer, 
and  an  active  trade  in  dried  herrings,  tobacco,  and  corn. 

Amersliam,  am'er-sham,  or  Agmondesham,  a 
market-town  and  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Bucks,  27  miles 
S.E.  of  Buckingham.  The  poet  Waller  was  born  in  Coles- 
hill,  in  this  parish.     Pop.  3259. 

A'mery,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co..  Wis.,  63  miles  N.E. 
of  Minneapolis.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Pop.  451. 

Ames,  araz,  a  post-village  of  Story  co.,  Iowa,  at  a 
junction  of  branches  of  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Lino 
of  railroads,  105  miles  W.  of  Cedar  Rapids,  and  37  miles 
N.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  manufactures  of  ploughs,  wagons,  farm- 
gates,  Ac.  Amos  is  the  seat  of  the  Iowa  State  Agricultural 
College,  founded  in  1869.     Pop.  in  1890,  1276. 

Ames,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas,  12  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Concordia. 

Ames,  a  station  in  Dodge  co..  Neb.,  on  the  Union  Pacific 
Railroad,  54  miles  W.  of  Omaha. 

Ames,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
48  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Albany.  It  contains  a  union  school,  2 
churches,  2  flour-mills,  a  cheese-factory,  and  several  stores. 
Pop.  150. 

Ames,  a  township  of  Athens  co.,  0.  Pop.  1229.  It 
contains  Amesville. 

Amesbiiry,  auiz'bfir-?,  a  post-town  of  Essex  co.,  Mass., 
on  the  Merrimac  River  and  the  Boston  A  Maine  Railroad, 
36  miles  N.  of  Boston.    It  has  a  high  school,  3  banks,  and 

4  weekly  newspaper  offices.  Amesbury  is  bounded  on  the 
S.  by  the  Merrimac  River.  It  has  extensive  manufactures 
of  carriages  and  woollen  goods,  and  contains  10  churches, 
including  almost  all  denominations.  Pop.  in  1880,  SJod; 
in  IS90,  9798. 

Amesqueta,  or  Amezqneta,  &,m-fis-k&'tll,  a  village 
of  Spain,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  San  Sebastian.     Pop.  1300. 

Amestratus,  the  ancient  name  of  Mistretta. 

Amesville,  amz'vll,  a  post- village  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  in 
Ames  township,  on  Federal  Creek,  about  30  miles  W.  of 
Marietta.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy.     Pop.  1 02. 

AmS'thi,  a  town  of  India,  in  Oude.  Lat.  26°  8'  N.j 
Ion.  82°  2'  E.     Pop.  7128. 

Amfila,  a  port  of  Africa.    See  Amphila. 

Amfreville,  6M'fr?h-veel',  a  village  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Seine-Inffirieure,  4  miles  from  Rouen. 

Amga,  im-gl',  a  river  of  Siberia,  government  of  Ya- 
kootsk.  It  rises  in  the  offshoots  of  the  Yablonoi  Krcbet 
Mountains,  about  lat.  59°  N.,  Ion.  126°  30'  E.,  flows  N.B., 
and  falls  into  the  Aldan  in  Ion.  135°  E.     Length,  460  miles. 

Amginsk,  Jm-gheensk',  a  village  of  Siberia,  on  the 


AMII 


487 


AMI 


AnK'a,  which  is  here  about  3000  feet  wide.  It  is  a  posting- 
rtation  and  ferry  on  the  way  between  Yakootsk  and  Okhotsk. 
Lat.  61°  N. ;  Ion.  132°  E. 

Amhara,  im-h3,'rd,  a  kingdom  of  Abyssinia.  It  com- 
prises all  the  country  AV.  of  the  Tacazze,  and  was  formerly 
one  of  the  most  powerful  states  of  Abyssinia.     The  capital 

is  Gondar. Adj.  Amharic,  am-hir'ik. 

Amherst,  am'erst,  a  seapoit  town  of  British  Burmah, 
on  Amherst  peninsula,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Maulmain.  Lat. 
16°  4'  48"  N.;  Ion.  97°  46'  24"  E.  Pop.  6580.  It  was 
founded  in  1826.     The  harbor  is  spacious  and  secure. 

Amherst,  the  northernmost  district  of  Tenasserim,  in 
British  Burmah,  bounded  E.  by  Siam  and  W.  by  the  sea. 
It  is  mountainous  in  the  E.  and  alluvial  in  the  W.  Area, 
15,144  square  miles.     Capital,  Maulmain.     Pop.  235,738. 

Amherst,  am'erst,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Vir- 
ginia, has  an  area  of  about  420  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  S.E.  and  S.W.  by  the  James  River.  The  Blue  Ridge 
extends  along  the  N.W.  border  of  the  county,  and  the  surface 
presents  beautiful  scenery.  The  soil  produces  tobacco,  In- 
dian corn,  wheat,  Ac.  The  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Washington  City  <fe  Virginia  Midland  Railroad.  Capital, 
Amherst  Court-House.  Pop.  in  1870,  14,900;  in  1880, 
18,709;  in  1890,  17,551. 

Amherst,  a  post-township  of  Hancock  co.,  Me.,  22 
miles  E.  of  Bangor,  is  intersected  by  Union  River.  It  has 
a  church,  a  tannery,  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  350. 

Amherst,  a  post-village  in  Amherst  township,  Hamp- 
shire CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Central  Massachusetts  branch  of 
the  Boston  <fc  Maine  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  by  E.  from  North- 
ampton, and  4  miles  E.  of  the  Connecticut  River.  It  has 
a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  high  school,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  is  the  seat  of  Amherst  College,  founded 
■'^in  1821.  This  college  is  situated  on  an  eminence  which 
omniands  an  extensive  and  beautiful  view.  Its  Faculty 
ISunibers  32,  and  it  has  an  annual  attendance  of  about  330 
tudents.  Amherst  has  manufactures  of  palm-loaf,  paper, 
lAc.  Here  is  the  Massachusetts  Agricultural  College, 
[founded  in  1867,  which  has  a  Faculty  of  13  members  and 
annual  attendance  of  about  100  students. 
Amherst,  a  township  of  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  is  noted 
pSor  its  beautiful  scenery  and  educational  institutions.  Itcon- 
"lins  villages  named  Amherst  (which  is  the  scat  of  Amherst 
Dollege),  East  Amherst,  North  Amherst,  and  South  Amherst, 
iind  has  10  churches.     Pop.  (1890)  4512. 

Amherst,  a  post-township  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn.,  about 
B2  miles  S.S.W.  of  Winona,  and  7  miles  E.  of  Preston.  It 
has  1  church.     Pop.  1165. 

Amherst,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Nebraska,  33 
niles  N.W.  of  Omaha,  and  9  miles  from  Blair.  It  has  2 
ehurches. 
Amherst,  a  post-village  of  Hillsborough  co.,  N.H., 
in  Amherst  township,  about  28  miles  S.  by  W.  from 
oncord,  and  52  miles  N.W.  of  Boston.  It  is  nearly  4  miles 
of  Amherst  Station  on  the  Boston,  Lowell  &  Nashua 
ailroad.  One  weekly  paper  is  published  here.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  high  school,  and  manufactures  of  essences,  flour, 
lecture-frames,  <fec.  Pop.  of  township,  1353. 
Amherst,  a  township  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  contains  Wil- 
imsville  and  other  villages,  has  a  fine  sulphur  spring,  and 
reduces  hydraulic  cement.  Pop.  4807. 
Amherst,  a  post-village  in  Amherst  township,  Lorain 
I.,  0.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad, 
Ibout  30  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Cleveland,  and  4  miles  S.  of 
Lake  Erie.  It  has  2  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a 
graded  school.  Here  are  quarries  of  sandstone  and  manu- 
factories of  grindstones.     Pop.  of  township,  2482. 

Amherst,  a  post-village  of  Portage  co.,  AVis.,  in  Am- 
herst township,  on  the  Waupaca  River  and  the  Wisconsin 
Central  Railroad,  48  miles  W.N.W.  of  Mcnasha,  has  4 
churches,  a  high  school,  and  manufactures  of  cheese,  farm- 
ing-tools, lumber,  and  flour.  The  Green  Bay  &  Minnesota 
Railroad  crosses  the  Wisconsin  Central  in  Amherst  township, 
70  miles  W.  of  Green  Bay.     Pop.  of  township,  1225. 

Amherst,  a  mining-borough  in  Talbot  co.,  Victoria, 
Australia,  in  lat.  37°  8'  S.,  Ion.  143°  40'  E.     Pop.  2878. 

Amherst,  formerly  Fort  liawrence,  a  port  of  entry 
of  Nova  Scotia,  the  capital  of  Cumberland  co.,  on  an  arm 
of  Cumberland  Bay,  and  on  the  Intercolonial  Railway,  9 
miles  from  Sackville,  N.B.,  and  138  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Hal- 
ifax. It  contains  the  county  and  railway  buildings,  about 
30  stores,  several  churches,  hotels,  mills,  and  factories,  an 
iron-foundry,  2  tanneries,  a  weekly  newspaper,  and  a  branch 
bank.  It  has  a  large  trade  especially  in  lumber  and  ship- 
building.    Pop.  2000. 

Amherst,  a  port  of  entry  on  Amherst  Island,  in  the 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence.     It  has  a  jail  and  a  custom-house. 


Am'herstburg,  a  port  of  entry  in  Essex  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  Detroit  River,  2  mile?  above  Lake  Erie,  and  on  the 
Canada  Southern  Railway,  18  miles  S.  from  Detroit.  It 
contains  a  court  house,  6  places  of  worship,  a  ship-yard, 
saw,-  planing,-  and  grist-mills,  an  iron-foundry,  about  25 
stores,  and  7  hotels.  Steamers  run  daily  between  Amherst- 
burg  and  Detroit.     Pop.  2279. 

Amherst  Conrt-House,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Amherst  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  14 
miles  N.  by  E.  from  Lynchburg.  A  weekly  newspaper  is 
published  here.  It  has  2  churches,  and  a  school  called  Ken- 
more  University.     Pop.  about  400. 

Amherst  Depot,  a  village  of  Amherst  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of  Lynchburg.  It 
has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  a  high  school,  Ac.  Pop, 
about  500. 

Amherst  Furnace,  in  Amherst  co.,  Va.,  on  the  James 
River,  at  Irish  Falls,  22  miles  from  Lynchburg,  has  manu- 
factures of  charcoal  pig-iron  for  car-wheels, 

Amherst  Island,  an  island  near  the  entrance  to  the 
Bay  of  Quinte,  W.  of  Kingston,  Ontario.  Its  French  name 
was  Isle  de  Tanti.     Pop.  1189. 

Amherst  Island,  one  of  the  Magdalen  group,  in  the 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  140  miles  S.E.  of  Perce.  On  its  S. 
point  is  a  light-house,  exhibiting  a  powerful  revolving  light. 
Lat.  47°  13'  N.,-  Ion.  61°  58'  W.     Pop.  1131. 

Amherst  Islands,  a  group  lying  W.  of  the  S.W.  ex- 
tremity of  Corea.     Lat.  34°  25'  N.;  Ion.  126°  10'  E. 

Amherst  Isles,  off  the  coast  of  Aracan,  between  Che- 
duba  and  the  mainland.     Lat.  18°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  94°  E. 

Amherst  Junction,  a  post-hamlet  of  Portage  co., 
Wis.,  in  Amherst  township,  1 J  miles  N.W.  of  Amherst  vil- 
lage, on  the  Green  Bay  &  Minnesota  Railroad,  where  it 
crosses  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  70  miles  W.  of 
Green  Bay,  and  14  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Stevens  Point. 

Amherst  Rocks,  in  the  Eastern  Sea,  ofi"  the  coast  of 
the  Chinese  province  of  Kiang,  is  in  lat.  31°  10'  N. 

Amicolo'la,  a  post-ofiice  of  Dawson  co.,  Ga. 

Amicu,  5.-me-koo',  or  Amucu,  i-moo-koo',  a  lake  of 
South  America,  near  the  common  frontier  of  Brazil,  Vene- 
zuela, and  British  Guiana,  between  the  rivers  Rupununy 
and  Takutu.  The  country  in  which  this  lake  is  situated  was 
the  El  Dorado  of  the  days  of  Queen  Elizabeth.  It  was  known 
as  "  the  great  lake  with  golden  banks ;"  and  within  a  few 
miles  of  it  was  supposed  to  stand  the  far-famed,  imperial, 
and  golden  city  of  Manoa,  the  object  of  the  unfortunate 
expedition  of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh. 

Amid,  or  Amida,  a  town  of  Asia.    See  Diarbekir. 

Amiens,  am'e-enz  (Fr.  pron.  i'mc-iNo';  anc.  Samara- 
hri'va,  afterwards  Amhia'ni),  a  town  of  France,  capital  of 
the  department  of  Somme,  84  miles  N.  of  Paris,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  several  railways,  and  on  the  Somme,  which  within 
the  town  is  subdivided  into  11  canals  and  affords  great 
facilities  for  its  numerous  manufactures.  It  was  once  a 
place  of  strength,  but  its  ramparts  have  been  replaced  by 
boulevards,  which  encircle  the  town.  Amiens  is  divided  into 
the  upper  and  the  lower  town.  The  former  has  wide  and 
regular  streets,  with  houses  built  on  a  uniform  plan.  The 
latter  has  narrow  streets,  and  is  throughout  so  intersected 
by  the  ramifications  of  the  Somme,  and  the  numerous 
bridges  over  them,  as  to  have  made  Louis  XI.  give  it  the 
name  of  "little  Venice."  The  most  magnificent  edifice  of 
Amiens  is  its  cathedral,  founded  in  1220.  Other  buildings 
of  note  are  the  Hotel  de  Ville,  the  IIotel-Dieu,  or  general 
hospital,  the  grand  seminary,  with  its  magnificent  stair  and 
columned  chapel,  the  normal  school,  the  museums  of  art 
and  antiquities,  the  college,  and  the  Bibliotheque  Communale, 
a  handsome  edifice,  with  a  peristyle  of  Doric  columns,  con- 
taining 60,000  volumes.  It  has  several  learned  societies, 
and  is  a  literary  centre  of  considerable  importance.  It  is  a 
bishop's  see.  The  Somme  is  navigable  for  vessels  of  40  or 
50  tons.  Amiens  has  extensive  manufactures  of  cotton  vel- 
vet, kerseymere,  serges,  plush,  drugget,  cambric,  tapestry, 
cotton,  linen,  and  woollen  stuffs,  merinos,  silks,  machinery, 
chemicals,  beet  sugar,  paper,  milliners'  goods,  confections, 
Ac.  The  spinning  of  flax  and  worsted  is  also  one  of  the 
great  staples  of  Amiens.     Pop.  in  189],  83,654. 

Amiens,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  6 
miles  N.W.  of  Strathroy.     Pop.  130. 

Amieville,  a'me-vil,  a  station  in  Westmoreland  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Pittsburg  &  Connellsville  Railroad  and  the 
Youghiogheny  Railroad,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Amikirrima,  &*me-keer-ree'mi,  or  Kerama,  k4- 
ri'mS,  (Chinese,  Koomi-Shan  or  Koumi-Chan,  koo'me-shfln' ; 
Jap.  Koumtyama,  koo'me-yi'mi),  a  group  of  small  fertile 
and  populouf  islets,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Great  Loo-Choc 
Island. 


AMI 


488 


AMO 


Aminagarh,  &'inin-%-g«r',  or  Amingarh*  i^min- 

fftr',  a  town  of  India,  Bombay  prMidoncj,  in  Bolgnum.   Lat. 
6°  r  N.;  Ion.  76°  E.     Pop.  6000. 
Amirante  (amVranf)  Islands  (Port.  Ilhat  do  Almi- 
rtiHtc,  col'y&s  do  &l-me-r&n'ti,  i.e.,  "Admiral's  Islands"),  an 
arcbi|>clago  in  tho  Indian  Ocean,  6.W.  of  the  Soycbellos. 
Lat.  of  tlio  southernmost  island,  6°  63'  15"  S.;  Ion.  63°  8' 
24"  E.     Thoy  consist  of  two  groups  of  small  islands,  united 
6y  banks  of  eiind  and  coral,  and  aro  claimed  by  Qreat  Britain. 
A'niixh,  a  post-vilhigo  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa,  16  miles 
S.W.  of  Iowa  City,  in  Wiuihington  township.  It  has  a  church. 
Ainisin,  and  Aniiiiius,  ancient  names  of  Ems. 
Amissvillc,  il'mis-vil,  a  post-villnge  of  Rappahannock 
eo.,  Va..  1 2  miles  W.  of  Warronton,  and  about  100  miles  N.  by 
W.  from  Richmond.     It  bos  3  churches. 
Ainisus,  an  ancient  name  of  SAMSooy. 
Amite,  am-cct',  a  river  which  rises  in  the  S.W.  part  of 
Miftsissippi  and  passes  into  Louisiana.     Its  general  direc- 
tion is  southward,  but  after  forming  the  boundary  between 
East  Raton  Rouge  and  Livingston  parishes  it  runs  eastward 
until  it  enters  Lake  Maurepas.     Length,  about  100  miles. 
It  is  navigablo  fur  small  steamboats  for  50  miles. 

Amite,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Mississippi,  border- 
ing on  Louisiana,  has  an  area  of  about  700  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  tho  Amite  River,  and  bounded  on  the 
N.W.  by  the  Ilomochitto.  The  surface  is  uneven  ;  tho  soil  is 
fertile.  Cotton,  maize,  and  sweet  potatoes  are  the  staple 
productions.  Capital,  Liberty.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,973: 
in  1S80,  14,004;  in  1890,  18,198. 

Amite  City,  a  post-town,  the  capital  of  Tangipahoa 
parish,  La.,  on  the  Tangipahoa  River,  68  miles  by  rail 
N.N.W.  of  New  Orleans.  It  has  I  or  2  newspaper  offices, 
7  churches,  a  female  seminary,  and  manufactures  of  cotton- 
gins  and  sugar-evaporntors.     Pop.  (1890)  1610. 

Amiternum,  &-me-tcR'num,  an  ancient  town  in  Italy, 
3  miles  N.E.  of  Aquila. 

Am'ity,  a  post-village  of  Clark  co.,  Ark.,  on  the  Fourcbe 
Caddo,  30  miles  from  Arkadelphia,  and  about  75  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Little  Rock.  It  hns  2  churches. 
Amity,  a  township  of  Livingston  co..  III.  Pop.  790. 
Amity,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co.,  Ind.,  in  Franklin 
township,  on  Sugar  Creek,  and  on  the  Jefl'ersonville, 
Madison  A  Indianapolis  Railroad,  25  miles  S.  by  E.  from 
Indianapolis.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  150. 

Amity,  a  township  of  Page  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1225.  It 
contains  College  Springs. 

Amity,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Iowa,  about  13  miles 
N.W.  of  Davenport.     It  has  10  houses. 

Amity,  a  post-township  of  Aroostook  co.,  Me.,  16  miles 
S.  of  Houlton.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  311. 

Amity,  a  village  of  De  Kalb  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Chicago, 
Rock  Island  <t  Pacific  Railway,  5  miles  W.  of  Maysville, 
and  about  25  miles  E.  by  N.  of  St.  Joseph. 

Amity,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  includes 
Belmont,  one  of  the  county  scats.     Pop.  2021. 

Amity,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Warwick 
township,  near  Pine  Island  Station,  and  30  miles  S.W.  of 
Newburg.  Tourmaline,  epidote,  corundum,  spinel,  and  other 
minerals  are  found  here.  It  has  a  church  and  2  creameries. 
Amity,  a  village  in  Pike  township,  Knox  co.,  0.,  6 
miles  from  Howard  Station.    Here  aro  3  churches. 

, Amity,  a  village  of  Madison  co.,  0.,  in  Canaan  town- 
ship, on  Darby  Creek,  3  miles  from  Plain  City  Station,  and 
16  miles  N.W.  of  Columbus.  It  has  a  church.  Hero  is 
West  Canaan  Post-Office.    Pop.  106. 

Amity,  a  post-village  of  Ikam  Hill  co.,  Oregon,  about  40 
miles  S.W.  of  Portland.   It  has  2  churches.   Pop.  about  300. 
Amity,  a  township  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.   Pop.  1646.   It  con- 
tains Douglassville  and  Amityvillc. 

Amity,  a  township  of  Erie  co,.  Pa.  Pop.  924.  The  post- 
office,  Hatch  Hollow,  is  in  this  township. 

Amity,  a  post-village  of  Washington  eo..  Pa.,  in  Amwell 
township,  40  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Pittsburg.  It  has  2  churches. 
Amity  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C.,  6  miles 
from  Troutman's  Railroad  Station. 

Am'ityville,  a  post-office  of  Dos  Moines  co.,  Iowa. 
Amityville,  a  post- village  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Baby- 
lon township,  on  the  South  Side  Railroad,  31  miles  E.  of 
Brooklyn,  and  i  mile  from  the  S.  shore  of  Long  Island.  It  has 
2  churches,  and  a  manufactory  of  brushes.  P.  (1890)  225)3, 
Amityville,  a  hamlet  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  in  Amity 
township,  3  miles  from  Douglassville. 

Amjcrah,  Amdjherra,  or  Aiqjherra,  im'j^r-ih^ 
a  Rajpoot  state  of  Malwah,  Central  Indi.i,  about  lat,  22° 
16'-22°  47'  N.,  and  Ion.  74°  40'-75°  15'  E.  Area,  684 
square  miles.  Opium  is  the  staple  product.  It  is  under 
British  piotection.    Capital,  Amjerah.     Pop.  57,232. 


Anvjerah,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the  above,  30  milei 
N.  of  Nerbu.lda.     Uit.  22°  32'  N.;  Ion.  76°  E.     Pop.  2i,m. 

Anilin,  Am'Ip-a,  sometimes  written  Am'lu  or  Anilui, 
one  of  tho  Aleutian  Islands,  Andrcanov  group.  Lat.  of  E 
point,  62°  6'  N. ;  Ion.  172°  50'  W. 

Amlwch, am'look,  a  seaport  town,  borough,  and  parish 
of  Wales,  CO.  of  Anglesey,  on  its  N.  coast,  16  miles  by  rail 
N.W.  of  Beaumaris.  Pop.  of  borough,  2968.  Near  here  iiro 
the  Parys  and  Mona  cop]>er-niines.  Amlwch  returns,  with 
Beaumaris,  Ac,  one  member  to  the  House  of  Cumuions. 

Ammalapoor,  British  India.    See  Amali.apoorau. 

Am'man,  or  Am'mon  (anc.  Rab'buh,  the  capital  of 
the  Ammonites,  rebuilt  and  called  J'liilddc/plii'u  by  the 
Greeks),  a  ruined  city  of  Syria,  on  an  afllucnt  of  tho  Jordiin, 
66  miles  E.N.E.  of  Jerusalem.  It  hiw  numerous  remains 
of  Greek  edifices. 

Am'mendale,  a  station  in  Prince  George's  eo.,  Md., 
on  the  Washington  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Rail- 
road,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Washington. 

Ammer,  ira'm^r,  a  river  of  Germany,  Wiirtomborg,  a 
tributary  of  the  Nockar,  which  it  joins  near  Tiibingcn. 

Ammer,  or  Amper,  iui'p^r,  a  river  of  Bavaria,  rises 
in  the  Tyrol,  and  joins  the  Isar  2  miles  N.  of  Moosburg. 

Ammer,  a  lake  of  Bavaria,  traversed  by  tho  Ammer 
River,  is  10  miles  long  from  N.  to  S.,  by  4  miles  wide. 

Ammergau,  Am'm^r-gOw*,  Oder,  o'b^r,  and  Untkb, 
6(jn't?r,  two  adjacent  villages  of  Bavaria,  on  tho  Ammer, 
9  miles  from  its  source.    See  Obkr  Amhergau. 

Ammcrstol,  im'm^rs-tol',  a  village  of  the  Netherlandi, 

14  miles  E.  of  Rotterdam,  on  the  Leek.     Pop.  789. 
Ammersweier,  im'm^rs-^r^r,  AmmerschAvllir, 

im^min'shveen*,  or  Marivillier,  mi're'vee'yA',  a  town 
of  Alsace,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Colmar.     Pop.  1SC2. 

Ammi>]>Iou8sa,  im'me-moos'si,  a  village  of  Algeria, 

15  miles  S.E.  of  the  Inkerman  Railway  Station,  and  06  uiilcs 
E.  of  Mostaganem.     Pop.  1750. 

Am'mitok^  an  island  off  tho  N.E.  coast  of  Labrador, 
between  70  and  80  miles  S.E.  of  the  entrance  into  Hudson's 
Strait.     Lat.  69°  28'  N. ;  Ion.  63°  0'  AV. 

Ammon,  im'mon,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  8  miles 
V/.N.W.  of  Wallcnstadt.     Pop.  1371. 

Ammon,  a  ruined  town  of  Syria.    Sec  Amuan. 

Am'mon,  a  post-office  of  Bladen  co.,  N.C. 

Ammon,  or  Ammonium.    See  El-Srewah. 

Ammonoosuc,  three  rivers  of  New  Hampshire.  See 
Upper,  Lower,  and  Wild  Ammonoosuc. 

Ammonoo'suc  Station,  in  the  White  Mountain 
region  of  New  Hampshire,  is  the  lower  or  basal  station  of 
the  Mount  Washington  Railroad,  and  the  terminus  of  a 
branch  of  the  Boston,  Concord  A  Montreal  Railroad.  Its 
elevation  is  22CS  feet  above  sea-level,  and  from  this  point 
the  railroad  ascends  3625  feet  in  3  miles. 

Amo,  a'mo  or  d'mo,  a  post-village  of  Hendricks  co., 
Ind.,  in  Clay  township,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  A  Tcrre 
Haute  Railroad,  25  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Indianapolis.  It  lin* 
2  churches,  2  Friends'  meeting-houses,  a  graded  school,  and 
manufactures  of  wagons  and  flour.     Pop.  about  250. 

Amo,  a  township  of  Cottonwood  co.,  Minn.,  8  miles 
from  Windom.     Pop.  90. 

Amoas,  i'mo-is\  or  Amwas,im^wis'  (anc.  Em'vtmit 
and  Nicop'olie),  a  village  of  Palestine,  10  miles  N.W.  of 
Jerusalem. 

Amod,  a  town  of  India.    See  Ahmood. 

Amol,  i'mol',  a  city  of  Persia,  in  Mazanderan,  on  the 
Ileraz,  12  miles  above  its  entrance  into  the  Caspian,  and  20 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Balfurosh.  Pop.  in  winter,  when  it  is 
greatest,  from  36,000  to  40,000. 

Amoneburg,  i-mii'n^h-boSRG*,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Hesse,  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Marburg.     Pop.  i'i^. 

Amoo,  a  river  of  Asia.    See  Amoo-Darya. 

Amoochta,  an  Aleutian  island.    See  AMOOKnTA. 

Amoo-Darya,  Amou-Daria,  Amu-Darja,  &'• 
moo'  dar'yi  (Persian,  Jehoon,  Jihoon,  or  Ji/hun,  jee'hoon', 
sometimes  written,  Gihon ;  anc.  Oxug,  remotely  allied  to 
Wiikmo,  a  native  name  for  this  stream),  a  great  river  of 
Central  Asia,  in  Toorkistan,  rises  on  the  lofty  Pameer  j)Ia- 
tcau,  near  the  point  where  the  Himalaya,  the  Bolor-Tagh, 
and  the  Kuenlun  Mountains  radiate.  The  Sir-i-Kol  is  re- 
garded as  its  source.  It  is  a  broad  and  rapid  stream,  but  is 
navigable  for  a  great  part  of  its  course,  and  has  singularly 
few  obstructions,  save  from  ice  in  winter.  Steamers  are 
employed  upon  its  lower  portions.  The  river  flows  in  a 
sandy  region,  and  sometimes  shifts  into  new  channels.  Its 
waters  are  largely  utilized  for  irrigation.  It  enters  the  Sea 
of  Aral  by  several  mouths,  but  it  is  believed  by  many  geog- 
raphers that  it  was  formerly  tributary  to  the  Caspian.  All 
the  ancient  geographers,  indeed,  describe  it  as  flowing  into 


.010 


489 


AMR 


the  last-named  gea;  and  Arabian  authors  assign  to  it  such  a 
course  as  late  as  the  tenth  century.  Length,  1300  miles. 
,  Amoo-Darya,  or  Amoo-Daria,  a  government  or 
province  of  Russia,  in  Central  Asia  (Toorkistan),  bounded 
B.W.  by  the  Amoo-Darya  River.  Area,  39,974  square  miles. 
Pop.  109,585.  In  1873  this  region  was  ceded  to  Russia  by 
the  Khan  of  Khiva. 

Amookhta,  Amnchta,  or  Amoughta,  1-mooK'ti, 
one  of  the  Aleutian  Islands,  Fox  group,  with  volcanic  peaks. 
Lat.  of  the  centre,  62°  33'  N. ;  Ion.  170°  45'  W. 

Amoor,  Amour,  or  Amur,  i'moor'  (Chinese,  KM- 
loontsiiui;  Manchoo,  Sakhalin-OoUt  ;  Mongol,  A'ara-nioo- 
ran  ;  the  "  black  river"),  a  river  of  Eastern  Asia,  formed  in 
lat.  53°  20'  N.,  Ion.  121°  50'  E.,  by  the  union  of  the  Argoon 
and  the  Shilka.  Length  below  the  confluence,  1500  miles. 
It  reaches  the  gulf  or  channel  of  Saghalin  in  lat.  62°  27'  N., 
Ion.  140°  E.  It  is  navigable,  except  in  winter,  for  its  entire 
length  by  steamers.  Its  principal  tributaries  are  the  Zeia, 
the  Booreia,  the  Soongaree,  and  the  Oosooree. 

Amoor,  a  province  of  Asiatic  Russia,  bounded  N.  by 
Siberia  proper,  E.  by  a  line  drawn  N.  from  the  confluence 
of  the  Amoor  and  the  Oosooree,  S.  and  AV.  mainly  by  Chinese 
Manchooria,  from  which  it  is  divided  by  the  river  Amoor. 
Area,  173,552  square  miles.  It  is  mountainous,  with  fertile 
valleys,  and  produces  excellent  timber  and  furs.  Capital, 
Blagovechensk.  Pop.  44,400.  It  has  been  largely  colonized 
by  Cossacks  and  Siberians. 

Amoor,  Territory  of,  a  name  applied  to  Russian 
Manchooria,  or  the  region  of  Southeastern  Siberia  acquired 
from  the  Chinese  and  Japanese  by  the  Russians  since  1858. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Siberia  proper,  on  the  E.  by  the  Seas 
of  Okhotsk  and  Japan,  the  coast  being  Russian  as  far  S.  as 
the  river  Toomen,  which  divides  it  from  Corca  (the  island  of 
Saghalin  being  now  included) :  on  the  W.  by  Chinese  Man- 
chooria, the  rivers  Oosooree,  Argoon,  Soongaree,  and  Amoor 
forming  (for  the  most  part)  the  boundary ;  and  on  the 
N.W.  by  the  government  of  Transbaikalia.  Its  area, 
805,462  square  miles,  is  over  four  times  that  of  France.  It 
is  divided  into  the  provinces  of  Amoor  and  Primorsk. 

Amoorang,  or  Amourang,  i-moo-ring',  a  bay  and 
Tillage  of  the  island  of  Celebes.  The  biiy  is  on  the  N.W. 
coast,  in  lat.  1°  11'  S.,  Ion.  124°  36'  E.  It  is  about  14 
miles  long  inland,  and  6  miles  broad.  The  village  lies  at 
the  head  of  the  bay,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Mcnado. 

Amorbach,  4'mor-biK\  a  town  of  Bavaria,  at  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Mudau  and  the  Bilbach,  44  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Frankfort-on-the-iVIain.     Pop.  2380. 

Am'oret,  a  post-village  of  Bates  co.,  Mo.,  70  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Kansas  City.  It  has  4  church  organizations,  2 
banks,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  500. 

AmorgO'Poulo,  4-mor'go  poo'lo,  asmall  island  in  the 
Grecian  Archipelago,  S.  of  Amorgos,  about  lat.  36°  36'  N., 
Ion.  25°  40'  E. 

Amor'gos,  or  Amorgo,  i-mon'go,  an  island  in  the 
Grecian  Archipelago,  one  of  the  Sporades,  but  included  in 
the  nome  of  the  Cyclades,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Naxos.  Lat. 
of  capital,  36°  62'  N.,  Ion.  25°  66'  E.  Pop.  2198.  Chief 
town,  Amorgos. 

A'mory,  a  post-town  of  Monroe  co..  Miss.,  83  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Holly  Springs.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  1200. 

A'mos,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  W.Va.,  about  10 
miles  from  Fairmont.     It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  300. 

Amoskeag,  am'os-keg',  a  post-village  of  Hillsborough 
CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Merrimac  River,  16J  miles  by  rail  S.  of 
Concord,  and  1 J  miles  from  the  city  of  Manchester,  of  which 
it  forms  a  part.  Here  are  extensive  manufactures  of  cotton 
goods.  It  has  a  graded  school  and  a  paper-mill.  The 
Amoskeag  Falls  afford  extensive  water-power. 
.  Amou,  &^moo',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Landes, 
l>n  the  Luy,  13  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Sever.     Pop.  1821. 

Amou,  or  Amou-Daria,  river.    See  Amoo-Darya. 

Amour,  a  river  of  Siberia.    See  Amoor. 
,    Amourang,  a  village  of  Celebes.    See  Amoorang. 

Amour  Point,  a  headland  on  the  S.E.  side  of  Forteau 
Bay,  Labrador.  Lat.  61°  27'  35"  N.;  Ion.  66°  50'  53"  W. 
.On  it  is  a  light-house. 

Amoy,  a,-moi',  or  Emoui,  a  seaport  town  of  China,  on 
»n  island  of  the  same  name,  province  of  Fo-Kien,  lat.  24° 
10'  3"  N.,  Ion.  118°  13'  5"  E.,  nearly  opposite  the  centre 
of  the  island  of  Formosa.  The  name  is  a  corruption  of  the 
Chinese  word  Ileamim.  It  is  situated  at  the  S.  end  of  the 
island,  at  the  mouth  of  two  united  rivers,  one  of  which 
communicates  with  the  city  of  Chang-choo-foo,  of  which 
Amoy,  though  itself  a  large  and  populous  city,  is  considered 
merely  the  port.  Amoy  is  built  on  a  declivity,  sloping  to 
Jhe  harbor,  and,  including  its  suburbs,  is  about  9  miles  in 
32 


circumference.  The  streets  are  narrow  and  dirty,  but  many 
of  the  buildings  are  of  an  extraordinary  size.  The  natlvo 
imports  are  rattans,  tea,  rice,  sugar,  and  camphor  from  For- 
mosa and  Foo-Choo,  alum  and  cotton  from  Shanghai,  and 
grain,  pulse,  oil-cake,  iron,  and  a  coarse  cotton  goods  from 
the  northern  ports.  The  foreign  imports  are  Bengal  and 
Bombay  cotton,  cotton  goods,  cotton  yarn,  iron,  lead,  sted, 
betel-nut,  opium,  indigo,  pepper,  rattans,  rice,  grain,  bccho- 
de-mer,  sharks'  fins,  and  buffalo  and  decrs'  horns.  The 
native  exports  are  tea,  camphor,  sugar,  sugar-candy,  earth- 
enware, paper  umbrellas,  paper,  joss-paper,  joss-stick,  Ac. 
The  merchants  of  Amoy  are  distinguished  for  their  enter- 
prise, and  are  considered  among  the  wealthiest  in  the  em- 
pire. Amoy  was  captured  by  the  British  on  August  20, 
1841,  and  by  the  treaty  of  Nanking,  dated  August  29,  1842, 
that  port,  with  others,  was  opened  to  their  trade.  A  sup- 
plementary treaty,  dated  Octobers,  1843,  established  a  tariff 
and  admitted  other  foreigners  to  the  same  privileges  as 
British  subjects.  The  population — mostly  employed  in  the 
coasting  trade  —  amounts  to  about  300,000;  pop.  of  tho 
island,  400,000. 

Ampanam,  Im-pl'nim,  a  town  of  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago, on  the  W.  coast  of  Lombok.  Lat.  8°  32'  S.;  Ion, 
116°  9'  E.     It  has  a  poor  roadstead,  but  considenable  trade. 

Ampata,  im'pi-ti,  Amp'ta,  or  Omp'ta,  a  town  of 
Bengal,  on  the  Dammoodah,  22  miles  W.  of  Calcutta. 
Large  vessels  can  ascend  to  it,  and  boats  bring  down  coal 
from  Bancoorah  and  Burdwan.     Pop.  3460. 

Ampaza,  5.m-p5,'7A,  a  seaport  town  of  East  Africa,  Zan- 
guebar,  on  the  island  of  Patta,  in  lat.  2°  S.,  Ion.  40°  60'  E. 

Ampelakia,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Ambelakia. 

Ampcr,  a  river  of  Germany.    See  Ammer. 

Am'persand  Mountain,  N.Y.,  a  peak  of  the  Adiron- 
dacks,  is  in  Franklin  co.,  between  Mt.  Seward  and  the  Lower 
Saranac  Lake.  Altitude,  3432  feet.  Its  summit  commands 
a  beautiful  view  of  the  Saranac  lake  region.  At  its  S. 
base  is  a  small  lake  called  Ampersand  Pond,  of  which  the 
elevation  is  2078  feet. 

Ampezzo,  ira-pfit'so,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  the  Tyrol, 
26  miles  S.E.  of  Brixen.     Pop.  2979. 

Ampezzo,  im-p6t'so,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  11 
miles  W,  of  Tolmezzo,     Pop.  1896. 

Ampfing,  Amp'ling,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  5  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  MUhldorf.  Ilere  Moreau  commenced  his  famous 
retreat  in  1800.     Pop.  888. 

Amphila,  or  Amfila,  Im-fee'ld,  a  bay  and  port  of  tho 
D.anakil  country,  on  the  Red  Sea.  Lat.  14°  42'  N. ;  Ion.  40° 
22'  E.  Off  the  port  lie  the  Amphila  Islands,  13  in  number, 
small,  flat,  sandy,  and  uninhabited. 

Amphinome  (am-fin'o-me)  Shoals,  on  the  N.A7. 
coast  of  Australia;  lat.  19°  41'  S.,  Ion.  119°  24'  E. 

Amphissa,  a  town  of  Greece.    See  Salona. 

Amphitrite  (am-fe-tri'tee)  Islands,  a  part  of  the 
group  of  the  Paracels,  in  the  China  Sea,  lying  to  the  S.E. 
of  Hainan,  near  16°  N.  lat.  and  112°  E.  Ion.  They  are  in 
two  groups,  having  a  deep  channel  between  them. 

Am^ping',  a  treaty-port  of  Formosa,  on  its  AV.  coast,  is 
small,  and  important  only  as  the  port  for  Tai-AVan.  the 
capital,  which  is  4  miles  distant.  Amping  is  partly  built  of 
the  bricks  of  an  old  Dutch  fort.  It  has  a  custom-house,  fort, 
barracks,  and  large  salterns.  Its  harbor  is  very  shallow, 
and  most  of  the  trade  is  carried  on  by  means  of  catamarans 
and  boats,  tho  ships  anchoring  at  some  distance.  Chief 
exports,  sugar  and  rattans. 

Ampl  epuis,  6M^pl?h-pwee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Rhone, 
19  miles  by  rail  AV.  of  A''illefranche.     Pop.  6444. 

Ampolla,  3.m-poryi,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  on 
the  Gulf  of  Ampolla,  16  miles  E.  of  Tortosa.     Pop.  1800. 

Amposta,  im-pos'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  on  the  Ebro,  13 
miles  from  its  mouth,  and  8  miles  below  Tortosa.  It  is  near 
tho  A''alencia-Barcelona  Railway,  and  .a  canal  6  miles  long 
connects  it  with  San  Carlos  de  la  Rapita.     Pop.  2816. 

Ampt'liill,  a  market-town  of  England,  on  a  railway, 
CO.  and  8  miles  S.  by  AV.  of  Bedford.     Pop.  2220. 

Ampudia,  im-poo'Dc-i,  a  town  of  Spain,  18  miles  S.AV. 
of  Palcncia.     Pop.  1072. 

Ampuis,  fiM^pwee',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
RhSne,  on  the  Rhone,  3  miles  from  Condrieu.     Pop.  1861. 

Ampurdan,  3,m-pooR-d3.n',  a  district  of  Spain,  province 
of  Catalonia,  between  the  river  Ter  and  the  town  of  Rosas. 
It  is  the  most  fertile  district  in  the  province. 

Ampurias,  im-poo're-ds,  a  poor  hamlet  of  Spain,  in 
Catalonia,  on  the  site  of  a  flourishing  city  (tho  anc.  Emporia:), 
with  a  small  harbor  on  the  Gulf  of  Rosas.  It  is  adjacent 
to,  and  now  a  small  suburb  of,  the  town  of  La  Escala. 

Am  ran,  imVin',  a  walled  town  of  Arabia,  Yemen,  25 
miles  N.N.AV.  of  Sana.     Pop.  2000, 


Al^fR 


490 


AMS 


▲mraB«  Im^r&n',  a  town  and  fort  of  HindoaUn,  in  the 
fluloowar's  dominiont,  Uuzerat,  18  milea  N.E.  of  JuorU. 

Amraa  (im'rdn')  MountiiiuH,  a  rnn^e  in  tbo  S.E. 
part  of  Afghanistan,  the  highest  8umuiita  uf  which  attain 
•a  elevation  of  900U  feet. 

Amrawuttif  &in-r^-w&t'teo,  or  Amaravati,  ttm-^- 
r^tk'tw,  written  also  Amraoti,  a  olty  of  India,  capital 
of  tl>o  diutrict  of  iU  own  name,  on  the  Bombay-Nagpoor 
lUilway,  2S  miles  S.E.  of  Elliuhpoor.  It  is  a  large  cotton- 
nart.     Pop.  23,410. 

Amrawutti,  or  Amaravati,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presidency  of  Madras,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Uuntoor,  with 
■ome  Hindoo  antiquities,  on  the  S.  bank  of  tho  Kistnah. 

Amrawottif  or  Amraoti^  a  district  of  East  Bemr, 
British  India.  Lat.  20°  23'-21°  7'  N. ;  Ion.  77°  24'-78°  1.3'  E. 
Area,  2600  square  miles.   Capital,  Amrawutti.   Pop.  407,276. 

Am'recS  a  village  of  Sinde,  on  the  right  bank  of  tho 
Indus,  18  milea  S.S.W.  of  Sehwan.     It  was  formerly  large. 

Amreeli,  Amrili,  &m-ree'le,  Umreyllee,  or  Urn- 
reyle,  fim-ree'le,  a  walled  town  of  tho  Guicowar's  domin- 
ions, India,  on  the  Kattywar  peninsula,  130  miles  S.W.  of 
Ahmedabad.     Estimated  pop.  8000;  with  suburbs,  32,000. 

Amritsir,  am-rit'sjr,  Amrit'snr,  or  Amrit'sar, 
written  also  Umritsir,  iim-rit'sir,  a  city  of  tho  Punjab,  in 
the  Barco  Doab,  40  miles  E.  of  Lahore,  and  330  miles  by 
railway  N.W.  of  Delhi.  Lat.  31°  40'  N.;  Ion.  74°  66'  E. 
It  is  of  a  compact,  circular  form,  about  9  miles  in  circum- 
ference. Tho  shops  and  bazaars  exhibit,  in  great  abundance, 
the  richest  products  of  India.  An  ample  sujjply  of  excel- 
lent water  is  obtained  from  650  wells.  Amritsir  has  been 
long  celebrated  as  a  holy  place,  possessing  a  sacred  temple 
situated  on  an  island  in  the  centre  of  a  reservoir  or  tank 
about  150  paces  square,  constructed  in  1581  by  Ram  Das, 
the  fourth  spiritual  leader  of  tho  Sikhs,  who  gave  to  the 
work  the  name  of  "  Amrita  Saras,"  or  "fount  of  immortal- 
ity." But  the  most  remarkable  object  in  the  town  is  the 
large  fortress  built  by  Ilunjeot  Singh,  surrounded  by  a  deep 
ditch  of  about  2  miles'  circuit.  A  canal  was  constructed  by 
the  same  chief  from  Amritsir  to  the  Ravee,  a  distance  of 
about  30  miles.  The  staple  manufactures  are  shawls,  silks, 
and  woollen  and  cotton  cloths.  Amritsir  has  also  an  ex- 
tensive transit  trade  with  various  parts  of  India,  and  is  an 
emporium  for  many  of  their  productions,  including  large 
<[uantities  of  rock  salt.     Pop.  in  1881,  155,896. 

Amritsir,  or  Amritsar,  a  division  of  the  Punjab, 
British  India,  lying  between  the  Chenaub  and  the  Boas,  and 
bounded  N.  by  Cashmere.  It  contains  the  districts  of  Am- 
ritsir, Scalkotc,  and  Goordaspoor.  Area,  5333  square  miles. 
Pop.  2,744,870.  Area  of  tho  Amritsir  district,  1556  square 
miles.    Capital,  Amritsir.     Pop.  832,750. 

Amrooah,  &.m-roo'i,  or  Umrohah,  fim-ro'&,  a  town 
of  Rohilcund,  British  India  (North-West  Provinces),  district 
and  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Moradabad.  Lat.  28°  54'  N.;  Ion. 
78°  33'  E.     Pop.  32,314, 

Am'rom,  Am'ron,  or  Amrnm,  im'rSSm,  a  crescent- 
shaped  island  of  Prussia  (Sleswick),  in  the  German  Ocean, 
about  17  miles  from  the  mainland.     Pop.  571. 

Amsanctus  Lacus.    See  Lago  di  Axsancto. 

Amschelberg,  ^m'sh^l-bdnG^  a  town  of  Bohemia,  28 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Prague.  It  has  active  and  varied  manu- 
factures.    Pop.  3718. 

Ams'den,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Fair  Plain  township,  3  miles  from  Fenwick  Railroad  Station, 
and  about  44  miles  N.W.  of  Lansing.  It  has  manufactures 
o(  flour,  lumber,  Ac.     Pop.  about  100. 

Ainsden,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Seneca  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Lake  Erie  &  Louisville  Railroad,  11  miles  N.W.  of 
Tiffin,  and  15  miles  from  Fremont. 

Anisden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  5  miles 
N.E.  of  Cavendish. 

Amstel,  ^m'st^l,  asmall  river  of  the  Netherlands,  North 
Holland,  formed  by  the  union  of  the  Dreeht  and  the  My- 
dreoht,  traverses  the  city  of  Amsterdam,  and  enters  its  harbor 
after  a  northward  course  of  about  10  miles. 

Amstelvcen,  im'st§l-vain'  ("turf  or  turf-lands  of  the 
Amstel"),  a  village  of  North  Holland,  near  tho  Amstel,  6 
Biles  S.S.W.  of  Amsterdam.     Pop.  5050. 

Am'sterdam  (Dutch  pron.  im'st?r-dim'),  formerly 
Amstelredamme,  or  Amsteldarame  (the  "dike  or 
dam  of  the  Amstel;"  L.  Amiteloda'tnum),  an  important 
commercial  city,  one  of  the  capitals  of  tho  kingdom  of  the 
Netherlands,  at  the  former  confluence  of  the  Amstel  with  tho 
y,  a  lake-like  river,  now  mostly  drained;  but  a  small  part 
remains  and  serves  as  a  port  for  the  city.  It  has  a  new  arti- 
ficial harbor  on  the  North  Sea,  with  which  it  is  connected  by 
the  great  North  Sea  ship  canal,  15  miles  long;  smaller  vessels 
reach  Amsterdam  by  the  canal  from  the  Uelder,  or  may  pass 


the  looks  in  tho  groat  dam  of  the  Y,  entering  from  the  Zuyder 
Zee,  It  ia  tho  terminus  of  important  railways  and  cnnaU. 
Lat.  62°  22'  6"  N. ;  Ion.  4°  53'  2"  E.  It  is  the  largest  imd 
most  important  town  in  Holland,  constitutionally  its  cii]iitnl, 
but  tho  residence  of  the  sovereign  is  at  tho  Ilnguo.  Ainstor- 
dam  stands  on  soft,  wet  ground,  under  which,  at  tho  depth 
of  50  feet,  is  a  bed  of  sand.  Into  tliis  sand  piles  are  driven, 
on  which  buildings  are  reared.  The  city  is  surrounded  by 
grassy  meadows,  and  on  the  W.  are  many  saw-mills.  Of  tho 
principal  atrceta,  for  length,  breadth,  and  elegance,  many 
vie  with  those  of  any  capital  in  Europe.  In  tho  centre  of 
most  of  tho  streets  is  a  canal,  either  side  of  whi(;h  is  lined 
with  broad,  brick-paved  quays,  with  rows  of  trees.  The 
houses  are  mostly  of  brick,  almost  all  approached  by  flights 
of  stops;  many  are  six  and  seven  stories  high,  pointed  at 
tho  top,  with  the  gable  towards  the  street,  and  dccorntcd 
above  with  a  forked  chimney-stack.  The  city  is  cut  up  into 
islands  by  the  canals,  over  which  there  are  many  bridges, 
generally  with  a  draw  in  the  centre.  Tho  vessels  to  be  Keen 
in  all  parts  of  the  city,  loading  and  unloading,  and  passing 
along  the  canals;  the  lifting  and  lowering  of  drawbridges; 
tho  transit  of  merchandise  on  sledges,  and  tho  general  stir 
of  business,  give  tho  streets  of  Amstci-dam  a  lively  a)>]icar- 
ance.  The  town  is  supplied  with  water  mainly  from  the 
sand-dunes  near  Haarlem. 

Among  the  most  remarkable  buildings  is  the  palace,  for- 
merly tho  town  hall.  It  is  a  stone  edifice,  in  the  form  of  a 
parallelogram,  262  feet  long,  206  feet  broad,  and  108  feet 
nigh,  resting  on  13,659  piles  driven  70  feet  into  the  ground. 
It  contains  a  great  hall.  111  feet  long,  52  feet  wide,  and  90 
feet  high,  lined  with  white  Italian  marble.  The  justiciary 
hall,  next  to  the  palace,  is  the  finest  building  in  the  city. 
The  new  Stadthuia,  the  Bourse,  the  royal  museum,  and  the 
numerous  docks  and  basins  are  noteworthy  structures.  Tho 
New  Church  (Nieuwe  Kerk),  founded  in  1408,  is  350  feet 
long,  by  210  feet  wide  across  the  transepts;  the  upper  part 
rests  on  52  stone  pillars,  and  is  lighted  by  75  large  win<lows, 
some  of  which  are  finely  painted.  It  contains  the  tombs  of 
Admiral  do  Ruyter,  of  the  poet  Vondel,  and  of  various  other 
notables.  Tho  Old  Church  {Oiide  Kerk),  founded  in  tho 
fourteenth  century,  contains  tho  tombs  of  several  Dutch  ad- 
mirals, and  an  organ  said  to  be  second  only  to  that  of  Haar- 
lem. Amsterdam  is  remarkable  for  the  number  and  excellence 
of  its  benevolent  and  charitable  institutions. 

It  possesses  many  excellent  educational  institutions,  both 
of  a  general  and  a  special  kind.  Like  the  benevolent 
institutions,  some  of  them  are  for  particular  religious  de- 
nominations. Among  them  may  be  named  the  Atheuseum 
Illuntre,  with  library,  botanic  garden,  school  of  anatomy, 
and  chairs  of  art,  law,  medicine,  and  theology,  tho  city 
Latin  school,  the  naval  school,  the  seminaries  for  educating 
preachers,  and  the  medical  and  clinical  school.  Of  institu- 
tions of  literature,  science,  and  art,  there  are  the  royal 
academy  of  fine  arts,  founded  in  1820 ;  the  music  school, 
founded  in  1784;  tho  royal  Dutch  institution  for  science, 
literature,  and  fine  arts ;  the  society  of  literature  and  fine 
arts  called  Arti  et  Amicitiic;  and  that  called  Felix  Miritit. 
The  museum  of  pictures,  founded  in  1798,  contains  fine  works 
of  Dutch  masters,  and  one  of  tho  most  remarkable  collections 
of  prints  in  Europe.  Tho  excellent  Six  collection  of  pictures 
(a  private  gallery)  is  worthy  of  mention  ;  also  the  museum 
Hoop,  the  museum  Fodor,  and  other  fine-art  collections. 

The  principal  manufactures  include  linen,  silk,  velvets, 
thread,  porcelain,  print-goods,  chemicals,  tob.icco,  soap,  oil, 
canvas,  cordage,  the  refining  of  salt,  sugar,  and  other  sub- 
stances, glass-blowing,  brewing,  and  distilling,  steam-engines 
and  machinery,  iron  steamers,  and  ship-building.  Its  lapi- 
dary work  is  especially  famous.  Amsterdam  ranks  much 
higher  as  a  trading  than  as  a  manufacturing  town.  Its  com- 
merce is  immense ;  and  its  exchange  is  one  of  the  chief  com- 
mercial centres  of  the  world.  It  is  a  great  emporiutn  for 
butter,  cheese,  provisions,  spices,  gin,  fish,  and  manufactured 
goods  of  every  class. 

The  government  is  vested  in  a  mayor  and  council  of  39 
members,  and  12  burgomasters.  The  members  of  the  coun- 
cil are  elected  by  those  citizens  who  have  a  certain  property 
qualification.  The  mayor  is  appointed  by  the  king.  The 
police  system  is  admirable. 

Early  in  the  thirteenth  century  Amsterdam  was  a  mere 
fishing-village,  with  a  small  castle,  the  residence  of  the 
lords  of  Amstel.  Towards  the  middle  of  that  century  it 
was  constituted  a  town.  The  siege  and  consequent  decline 
of  Antwerp  in  1585,  and  the  shutting  of  the  navigation  of 
tho  Scheldt  in  1648,  were  the  means  of  raising  Amsterdam 
to  the  rank,  which  it  long  retained,  of  the  first  commercial 
city  in  Europe.  Among  the  famous  men  to  whom  Amster- 
dam has  given  birth  may  be  named  Spinosa,  the  naturalist 


jiM6 


491 


ANA 


Bwammerdam,  the  painters  Adrian  and  William  Vander- 
relde  and  John  and  Michael  Van  Iluysum,  and  Admiral 
de  Kuyter.     Pop.  in  1883,  350,201 ;  in  1890,  417,539. 

Am'sterdam,  a  township  of  Hancock  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
200.     It  contains  Upper  Grove. 

Amsterdam,  a  hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Des 
Moines  River,  3  miles  from  Pella  railroad  station.  It  has 
manufactures  of  brick. 

Amsterdam,  a  city  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Mohawk  River,  and  on  the  New  York  Central  and  the 
West  Shore  Railroads,  33  miles  N.W.  of  Albany.  It  con- 
tains 12  churches,  5  banks,  2  academies,  3  newspaper  oflSces, 
and  manufactures  of  carpets,  boilers,  furniture,  knit  goods, 
springs,  and  various  other  articles.  Pop.  in  1880,  9466;  in 
1890,  17,336. 

Amsterdam,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jcflerson  co.,  0.,  about 
36  miles  S.E.  of  Canton.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  89. 

Amsterdam,  a  post-hamlet  of  Botetourt  co.,  Va.,  55 
miles  W.  of  Lynchburg.    It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  about  90. 

Amsterdam,  an  island  of  the  Pacific.   See  Tongataboo. 

Amsterdam  Island,  in  the  Indian  Ocean,  about  60 
miles  N.  of  the  island  of  St.  Paul.  Lat.  38°  53'  S.;  Ion.  77° 
37'  E.  It  is  4i  miles  in  length,  2i  miles  in  breadth,  2760 
feet  in  elevation,  and  evidently  the  crater  of  an  extinct 
volcano,  having  numerous  hot  springs. 

Amsterdam,  New.     See  New  Ajistekdam. 

Amstettcn,  ira'stdt't§n,  a  village  of  Austria,  near  the 
Ips,  28  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Lintz.  The  French  here 
defeated  the  Austriansand  Russians,  Nov.  5, 1805.  Pop.  1220. 

Amt,  a  word,  found  in  the  German  and  Scandinavian 
languages,  sometimes  designating,  in  a  general  sense,  any 
public  office  or  jurisdiction,  but  used  also  in  some  countries, 
as  Denmark  and  Norway,  as  the  name  of  a  specific  admin- 
istrative division.  Thus,  Denmark  is  divided  into  18  amter. 
In  a  similar  way  Norway  is  divided  into  amts,  which  in  all 
are  20  in  number. 

Amtchitka,  or  Amtschitka.    See  Auchitka. 

Amt-Gehren,  a  village  of  Germany.    See  Gehuejj. 

Amtzell,  imt'sSll,  a  village  and  castle  of  WUrtemberg, 
eircle  of  Danube,  4i  miles  W.N.W.  of  Wangen.     Pop.  1391. 

Amu,  a  river  of  Toorkistan.     See  Amoo-Dabya. 

Amucu,  a  lake  of  South  America.     See  Amicu. 

Amii-Daria,  or  Amu-Darja.    See  Amoo-Darya. 

Amulgawein,  i-mul-gii- wAn',  a  town  of  Arabia,  at  the 
entrance  of  the  Persian  Gulf;  lat.  25°  35'  N.,  Ion.  55°  42'  E. 

Amur,  a  river  of  Siberia.     See  Amoou. 

Amura  Uhauriari,  i-moo-ri'  b'haw-ree-1-ree',  a  vil- 
lage of  Bengal,  in  Chumparun.     Pop.  7031. 

Amurang,  a  village  of  Celebes.    See  Amooraxg. 

Amusco,  d-moos'ko,  a  town  of  Spain,  11  miles  N.  of 
Valencia.     Pop.  1832. 

Amwas,  a  village  of  Palestine.    See  Amoas. 

Am'well,  a  township  of  Washington  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
1879.     It  contains  the  villages  of  Lone  Pine  and  Amity. 

A'my  (railroad  station,  Auburn),  a  post-village  of  Oak- 
land CO.,  Mich.,  3  miles  by  rail  from  Pontiac.  It  has  a 
church  and  several  mills.     Pop.  250. 

Amy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jones  co.,  Miss  ,  near  Ellisville 
Depot. 

Amyoon,  or  Amyun,  am-yoon',  a  town  of  Syria,  10 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Tripoli. 

Ana,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Anna. 

Anaa,  i^nS.',  a  group  of  small  coral  islands,  in  the  Low 
Archipelago,  Pacific  Ocean.  Of  these.  Chain  Island  (which 
see)  is  the  most  important.  The  people  have  been  Chris- 
tianized, and  are  under  French  protection. 

Anabara,  i-ni'bi-rS,',  a  river  of  Siberia,  rises  about 
lat.  66°  30'  N.,  Ion.  107°  E.,  and  falls  into  the  Arctic  Ocean 
in  lat.  72°  40'  N.,  Ion.  112°  30'  E.  The  Anabara  is  joined 
at  its  embouchure  by  the  Olen  or  Olia,  which  runs  nearly 
parallel  with  it  for  between  200  and  300  miles.  The  entire 
Wnrse  of  the  former  is  about  400  miles. 

Anabon,  an  African  island.    See  ANNOBoy. 

Anacapa  (i-ni-ki'pi)  Island,  the  easternmost  of  the 
Banta  Barbara  group,  lat.  34°  N.,  Ion.  119°  23'  W.,  oflf  the 
coast  of  Ventura  co.,  Cal, 

Anacapri,  i-ni-ki'pree,  a  town  of  Italy,  island  of 
Capri,  at  its  N.W.  extremity,  on  Mount  Solaro.    Pop.  1675. 

Anachuana,  &-ni-choo-S,'ni,  a  village  and  bay,  N.  coast 
of  the  Isthmus  of  Panama;  lat.  6°  41'  N.,  Ion.  77°  38'  W. 

Anacon'da,  a  city  of  Deer  Lodge  co.,  Montana,  27 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Butte  City.  It  contains  7  churches, 
a  national  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  extensive  copper- 
smelling  works,  and  a  fine  high  school.     Pop.  (1890)  3975. 

Anacor'tes,  a  post-town  of  Skagit  co..  Wash.,  on  tidal 
Water,  90  miles  by  rail  N.  from  Seattle.  It  has  4  churches, 
2  ba«ks,  public  schools,  an  iron-foundry,  <tc.     Pop.  1200. 


Anacns'tia,  a  post-office  of  Washington,  D.C.,  is  at 
Uniontown,  on  the  Anacostia  or  East  Branch  of  the 
Potomac,  nearly  li  miles,  S.E.  of  the  Capitol.    See  Unios- 

TOWN. 

Anadar'ko,  a  post-office  of  the  Indian  Territory,  on 
the  Washita  River,  about  80  miles  from  the  boundary  of 
Texas.  Here  is  an  Indian  agency,  called  Wichita  Agency, 
Anadeer,  Anadir,  or  Anadyr,  i-ni'deer,  a  rivei 
of  Northeast  Asia,  in  Siberia,  traversing  the  centre  of  the 
Chookchee  country,  N.  of  Kamchatka.  It  rises  in  Lake 
Ivachno,  about  lat.  66°  30'  N.,  Ion.  173°  E.,  flows  first  W., 
then  E.,  and  falls  into  an  inlet  of  the  Sea  of  Anadeer  (North 
Pacific),  Ion.  178°  E.  Course,  about  450  miles.  Anadeersk 
(i-ni-decrsk'),  the  only  station  on  it,  is  in  lat.  65°  10'  N., 
Ion.  167°  10'  E. 

Anadia,  3,-ni-dee'3,,  a  small  town  of  Brazil,  province 
of  Alagoas,  45  miles  E.  of  a  city  of  that  name.     Pop.  1200. 

Anadia,  i-ni-dee'i,  or  Arcos,  aR'kos,  a  village  of 
Portugal,  17  miles  N.  of  Coimbra.     Pop.  1615. 

Anadoli,  or  Anadolia,  Asia.    See  Axatolia. 

Anadyr,  or  Anadir.    See  Anadeer. 

Anagni,  i-nin'yee,  a  town  of  Italy,  37  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Rome.     Pop.  8220.     It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop. 

Anah,  or  Anna,  il'nS,,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  on 
the  Euphrates,  155  miles  N.AV.  of  Ilillah.  Pop.  about  3000, 
It  is  picturesquely  enclosed  by  rocks  and  date-groves. 

Anaheim,  4'n3,-hime,  an  incorporated  city  of  Orange 
CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  Santa  Anna  River,  about  8  miles  from  the 
sea,  and  on  branches  of  the  Southern  Pacific  and  Atchison, 
Topeka  A  Santa  Fe  Railroads,  27  miles  S.E.  of  Los  Angeles, 
It  is  in  a  beautiful  valley,  and  has  a  genial  climate.  Large 
quantities  of  grapes  and  oranges  are  produced  here.  Ana- 
heim has  6  churches,  a  bank,  large  city  school  buildings, 
school  of  the  Dominican  Sisters,  2  newspaper  offices,  and 
manufactures  of  dried  fruits,  wines,  sugar,  farm-imple- 
ments, wine-casks,  &c.  The  lands  in  the  vicinity  are  irri- 
gated by  means  of  ditches.  Settled  by  Germans  in  1857. 
Pop.  in  1880,  833;  in  1890,  127.3.  At  Anaheim  Landing, 
on  the  Pacific  coast,  13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Anaheim,  freight 
and  passengers  are  landed  by  means  of  lighters. 

Anahuac,  4-n5.-wak',  the  aboriginal  name  given  by 
the  Aztecs  to  an  extensive  plateau  or  table-land  in  the  cen- 
tral part  of  Mexico.  Its  average  height  is  about  7000  fee^ 
above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Among  the  peaks  that  rise  from 
this  plateau  is  the  volcano  Popocatepetl,  17,784  feet  high. 
Anahu.ac  is  said  to  comprise  more  than  half  of  the  territory 
now  belonging  to  Mexico.  The  term  has  often  been  vaguely 
applied  to  regions  of  different  extent. 

Anahuac,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chambers  co.,  Tex.,  is  on 
or  near  Galveston  Bay,  35  miles  N.E.  of  Galveston. 

Anajaz,  &-nll-zhl,z',  a  river  of  Brazil,  island  of  Joannei 
or  Marajo,  falls  into  the  estuary  of  the  Amazon,  after  a  W. 
course  of  about  80  miles,  in  lat.  0°  52'  S.,  Ion.  51°  30'  W. 

Anaklia,  i-n3,'kle-4,  a  fortress  and  seaport  of  Russia, 
in  Mingrelia,  on  the  E.  shore  of  the  Black  Sea,  at  the  mouttt 
of  the  Ingoor,  60  miles  W.N.W.  of  Kootais. 

Anak'Soongi,  i^ndk'  soon'ghee,  a  small  state  on  th« 
W.  coast  of  Sumatra,  between  the  rivers  Manjoota  and  Urie. 
Its  capital  is  Mocomooo. 

Analabu,  a  town  of  Sumatra.    See  Nalabu. 

Analativoe,  an-ara-tee-vo',  a  small  island  W,  of  Jafl- 
napatam,  and  near  the  island  of  Ceylon. 

Analomink,  Monroe  co..  Pa.    See  Spragueville. 

Anam,  a  kingdom  of  Asia.     See  Annam. 

Aniimaboe,  or  Annamaboe,  i^ni-ma-bo',  a  British 
fort  of  Africa,  on  the  Gold  Coast,  11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Capa 
Coast  Castle.     Lat.  5°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  1°  5'  W. 

Ana  Maria  (i'nS,  mS,-ree'&)  Island,  or  Palm  Key* 
an  island  off  the  coast  of  Manatee  co.,  Fla. 

Anam  baa,  2l-ni,m'bfl3,  a  group  of  small,  wooded,  and 
rocky  islands  in  the  China  Sea,  between  Borneo  and  Ma- 
lacca.    Lat.  2°  20'-3°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  105°  22'-106°  29'  E. 

Anamirapucu,  S,-ni  me-ri-poo-koo',  a  river  of  Brazil, 
province  of  Pard,  falls  into  the  estuary  of  the  Amazon. 

Anamooka  Island.    See  Annamooko. 

Anamo'sa,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jones  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Wapsipinicon  River  at  the  mouth  of  Buffalo  Creek, 
54  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Dubuque,  and  25  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Cedar  Rapids.  It  has  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
graded  school,  6  churches,  manufactures  of  brooms,  car- 
riages, wagons,  and  elevators,  roller-process  flour-mills,  and 
extensive  stone  quarries.  A  state  penitentiary  is  located 
here.     Pop.  in  1890,  2078. 

Anamullay,Annamullay,&-n|,-mul-U',  Animal* 
16,i-ne-mil-IA',or  Animalaya,a-ne-m4-l4'ya,  HiSl8,a 
group  of  mountains  in  Coimbatoor,  Southern  India,  about  65 
miles  S.  of  the  Neilgherries.   The  highest  peak  is  Aneimudi, 


ANA 


49^ 


ANA 


8837  fcot,  thobighost  point  of  Southern  India.    They  abound 
in  wild  b«a8ta  and  savage  men,  and  produoe  teak  timber. 

Auamnllayv  a  town  of  British  India,  presidency  of 
Madras,  district  of  Coimbatoor,  23  milea  U.K.  of  Taul- 
(hantcberry. 

Anana,  &-n&'n&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Alava,  17 
mUf»  W.8.W.  of  Vitoria.     Pop.  836. 

Anan^apoor%  or  Anandnpnr,  a  town  of  India,  in 
the  Keunjhnr  state,  52  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cuttack. 

Anan^atapoor',  or  An^antpoor'^  a  town  of  British 
India,  district  and  58  miles  S.E.  of  Bollary.     Pop.  4K71. 

Annndale,  a  village  of  New  York.    See  A.nnandale. 

An'andnic,  a  pos>t-village  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  in  Cherry 
township,  about  a  mile  from  Anandale  Station  on  the  She- 
nnngo  A  Alleghany  Ilailroad,  and  26  miles  E.S.E.  of  Mercer. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  hotel. 

An^andpoor')  a  town  of  India,  Punjab  (Jullindor  dis- 
trict), on  the  Sutlcj,  150  milos  E.S.E.  of  Lahore.    Pop.  6860. 

Anniiief,  or  Ananiev  (Ger.  Anaiijeto),  i-nin-j'ev',  a 
town  of  Russia,  on  the  Tiligool,  95  miles  by  rail  N.  of 
Odessa.     Pop.  11,402. 

Aiianoor,  or  Anannr,  &-n&-noor',  a  town  of  Qoorgia, 
on  an  affluent  of  the  Koor,  and  on  the  great  road  from  Tifli* 
across  the  Caucasus,  32  milos  N.  of  Tiflis. 

Anantpoor,  a  town  of  India,    See  Ananatapoor. 

Anapa,  l-nl-pil',  a  seaport  and  fortified  town  of  llus- 
Bia,  in  Abasia,  on  the  Black  Sea.  Lat.  44°  54'  1"  N.;  Ion. 
.37°  18'  5"  E.  The  port  is  tolerably  good  for  small  vessels, 
but  the  outer  road  is  safely  accessible  only  in  the  fine  seasons. 

Anapashchcr,  a  town  of  India.     See  Anopsiikhr. 

Anaphe,  &-ni'fce,  called  also  Anaphi,  Nanphio, 
and  Araphio,  a  Greek  island  of  the  iEgean,  one  of  the 
Sporades,  but  included  in  the  nome  of  the  Cyclades,  lat.  36° 
26'  N.,  Ion.  25°  47'  E.  It  is  7  miles  long  and  2  miles  broad, 
is  high  and  rocky,  and  produces  onions,  grain,  and  honey, 
but  has  no  port.  Pop.  of  the  town  of  Anaphe,  1000 ;  of  the 
island,  1350. 

Anapli,  a  town  of  Greece.    See  Nauplia. 
•    Anapu,  a  river  of  Brazil.    See  Uanapu. 

Anaqua,  i-ni'kwi,  a  post-hainlct  of  Victoria  co.,  Tex., 
Bear  the  San  Antonio,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Victoria. 

Anarajapura,  Anuradhapura,  or  Anooradha> 
poora.    See  Anubajahpooiia. 

Anar'kali,  a  suburb  of  Lahore,  British  India,  and  the 
seat  of  the  civil  administration  for  the  Punjab.     Pop.  8000. 

Anas,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Guadiana. 

Anastasia,  an-a-st^'she-a,  an  island  on  the  E.  coast 
of  Florida,  is  18  miles  long  and  IJ  broad.  Lat.  about  29° 
40'  N. ;  Ion.  81°  W. 

Anata,  i'nl'ti  (anc.  An'athoth),  a  village  of  Palestine, 
4  miles  N.E.  of  Jerusalem,  the  reputed  birthplace  of  the 
prophet  Jeremiah.  It  appears  to  have  been  once  a  place 
of  strength,  having  remains  of  ancient  walls  and  columns. 

Anatolia,  an-a-to'le-a,  or  Anadolia,  i-ni-do'le-4, 
written  also  Anado'li  and  Nato'lia  (probably  from  the 
Greek  "AvoToA^,  Anatole,  i.e.,  the  "rising,"  "Orient,"  or 
"  East"),  a  name  given  to  the  peninsula  forming  the  W. 
extremity  of  Asia,  and  in  its  most  usual  application 
identical  with  Asia  Minor.  The  judicial  division  of  Ana- 
tolia comprehends  the  Turkish  vilayets  of  Khodavendi- 
ghar,  Aidin,  Konieh,  Adana,  Angora,  Kastamoonee,  Seevas, 
Trebizond,  and  the  islands,  and  in  its  widest  sense  ap- 
pears to  include  all  Asiatic  Turkey.  Anatolia  proper  is 
included  between  the  36th  and  42d  parallels  of  N.  lat., 
and  between  the  26th  and  41st  meridians  of  E.  Ion.; 
bounded  N.  by  the  Black  Sea,  the  Sea  of  Marmora,  and  the 
Dardanelles,  W.  by  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  and  S.  by  the 
Mediterranean  Sea;  while  its  e.astem  boundary,  which  is 
more  arbitrary,  is  usually  defined  by  a  line  connecting  the 
Alma-Dagh,  near  the  Baj'  of  Iskanderoon,  with  the  Eu- 
phrates, and  thence  up  to  its  source,  whence  it  runs  down 
the  Choruk  to  the  Black  Sea.  Its  greatest  length,  from  the 
Oulf  of  Adramyti,  E.  to  the  Euphrates,  somewhat  exceeds 
700  miles,  and  its  greatest  breadth,  from  Cape  Anamoor,  in 
Karamania,  to  Cape  Kerempe,  in  Anatolia,  is  about  420 
miles.  Estimated  area,  about  270,000  square  miles.  The 
N.  coast,  facing  the  Black  Sea,  is  bold  and  steep,  but  grad- 
ually falls  as  it  approaches  the  Bosporus.  The  W.  coast 
presents  an  outline  jagged  and  irregular,  with  cliffs  high 
and  precipitous,  and  includes  the  Gulfs  of  Adramyti,  Fouges, 
Smyrna,  Scala-Nova,  Mendelia,  and  Cos,  while  the  S.  coast 
presents  a  bold,  irregular  outline,  with  steep  and  lofty  rocks. 
Its  chief  bays  or  indentations  being  the  Gulfs  of  Makrce  (or 
Makri),  Phineka,  Adalia,  and  Iskanderoon. 

The  surface  may  be  termed  an  elevated  plateau  dotted 
irith  salt  lakes,  and  enclosed  by  two  ranges  or  offshoots  of 
the  Armenian  mountain-system, — the  Taurus  and  Anti- 


Taurus,  running  E.  and  W.  not  far  from  the  shores  of  th« 
Levant  and  Black  Sea  respectively.  The  S.  range,  or  Tau- 
rus, commences  close  to  the  Euphrates,  where  Akjah-Dagh 
reaches  an  elevation  of  about  10,000  feet,  and,  running  W. 
with  a  very  irregular  course,  terminate.-)  in  the  islands  of 
the  Grecian  Archipelago.  It  has  numerous  offsets,  which, 
as  well  as  various  portions  of  the  main  range,  are  known  by 
special  names,  as  Allah-Bagh,  Bulghar-Dagh,  Jebel-Gooreen 
(Gurin,  or  Kurin),  Ac.  The  N.  or  Anti-Taurus  range 
stretches  from  the  Choruk  W.,  parallel  to  the  Black  Sea, 
and  terminates  at  the  Bosporus  (see  Anti-Talrus).  Be- 
tween these  two  main  ranges  there  are  many  smaller  one% 
some  of  which  attain  a  great  elevation  ;  and,  indeed,  every, 
where  lofty  mountain-masses,  more  or  less  connected,  are  to 
be  met  with.  Mount  Argajus,  or  Arjish-Dagh,  is  13,000 
feet,  the  highest  in  Anatolia.  Various  others  attain  an 
elevation  of  from  7000  to  10,000  feet.  Th«  centre  of  this 
peninsula  is  an  extensive  plateau,  averaging  about  5000  feet 
m  height,  about  250  miles  in  length  from  N.E.  to  S.W.,  and 
about  160  miles  in  breadth,  partly  drained  by  the  rivers 
flowing  into  the  Black  Sea,  but  covered  also  with  salt  lakes, 
marshes,  and  rivers  having  no  visible  outlets.  The  largest 
rivers  of  Anatolia  flow  into  the  Black  Sea,  but  their  coiir.«09 
have  been  imperfectly  explored.  The  largest  arc  the  Kizil- 
Irmak  (anc.  Jla'lys),  the  Yeshil-Irraak  (anc.  J'rin),  and  the 
Sakareeyah  (anc.  Sanga'riun).  The  only  important  rivers 
flowing  towards  the  Grecian  Archipelago  are  the  Bakcer- 
Chai  (anc.  Cai'cm),  the  Sarabat  (anc.  Jler'mus),  and  the 
Mender  (anc.  Mman'der). 

It  may  bo  said,  generally,  that  granite,  serpentine,  and 
schist  form  the  substance  of  the  upper,  and  limestone  of  the 
lower,  regions  of  Anatolia,  trachytic  rocks  being  also  found 
E.,  which  are  succeeded  on  the  W.  and  partly  overlaid  by 
black  volcanic  breccia,  with  angular  blocks  of  trachyte; 
while  the  extreme  \V.  part  of  the  peninsula  and  its  S.  coasts 
consist  almost  wholly  of  calcareous  rocks.  Volcanic  cones, 
and  other  unquestionable  traces  of  igneous  action,  extend 
over  a  considerable  space,  and  earthquakes  still  occasionally 
occur.  Anatolia  contains  also  numerous  thermal  and  sul- 
phurous .springs.  Marble  exists  in  great  abundance,  an 
advantage  which  the  sculptors  and  builders  among  the  early 
Greek  colonists  turned  largely  to  account.  Coal  has  been 
discovered  along  the  coast  of  the  Black  Sea,  but  has  not 
been  worked  to  much  extent. 

The  climate  admits  of  no  general  description,  owing  to 
the  diversity  in  the  elevation  of  the  surface.  The  \V.  shores 
have  been  celebrated  in  all  ages  for  their  genial  warmth. 
The  coast  facing  the  Black  Sea  is  almost  equally  favored  as 
to  temperature,  and  enjoys  the  additional  advantage  of  fre- 
quent rains.  The  elevated  plains  of  the  interior  arc  ex- 
tremely cold  in  winter.  The  climate  of  Karamania,  unlike 
that  of  the  N.  part,  is  oppressively  hot  in  summer ;  very 
little  rain  falls,  and  hence  from  April  to  November  the  in- 
habitants have  little  water  except  what  is  preserved  in  tanks. 

The  N.  slope  of  the  central  plateau  so  abounds  with  forests 
of  walnut,  box,  oak,  beech,  plane,  ash,  and  other  timber 
that  the  Turks  have  called  one  of  its  forests  the  Agatch- 
Deng'is,  or  Sea  of  Trees.  It  is  120  miles  long  by  40  miles 
in  breadth.  The  trees  here  are  of  a  larger  growth  than  in 
most  other  countries  under  the  same  parallel,  especially  in 
the  sheltered  valleys  of  the  S.W.  Sugar-canes  grow  in 
Pamphylia;  and  wine,  olives,  cotton,  silk,  opium,  rhubarb, 
and  figs  are  abundantly  raised  in  the  valleys  of  the  S.  The 
flora  of  Western  and  Southern  Anatolia  is  extremely  beau- 
tiful, and  will  bear  comparison  with  that  of  Sicily  and  the 
S.  of  Spain.  Shrubs  and  evergreens  are  abundant, — the 
latter  including  the  myrtle,  which  here  attains  an  immense 
size,  bay,  daphne,  laurel,  and  a  variety  of  holly.  Some  of 
the  vast  and  frigid  plains  of  the  interior  produce  only 
stunted  shrubs,  saline  plants,  wormwood,  sage,  and  ferns. 

AVheat,  boxwood,  salt  fish,  figs,  barley,  millet,  sesame, 
rag.s,  oil,  cattle,  mohair,  wool,  opium,  scammony,  hides, 
galls,  oil-seeds,  tragacanth,  raisins,  wax,  tobacco,  and  soap 
are  leading  articles  of  export.  Garden  vegetables  are  ex- 
tensively grown. 

The  Ottoman  Turks  form  about  nine-tenths  of  the  popu- 
lation ;  nor  have  they  for  many  centuries  varied  to  any 
considerable  extent  from  their  primitive  type.  There  are 
many  thousands  of  so-called  Turks  who  are  descended  from 
Greek  ancestors.  About  one-twentieth  part  are  Greeks,  an 
unprincipled,  dishonest  race ;  and  the  remainder  comprise 
Jews,  Armenians,  Koords,  and  Gypsies,  the  last  of  whom 
are  itinerant  jobbers  and  tinkers.  The  total  population  has 
been  estimated  to  be  about  4,500,000.  Agriculture  is  in  the 
most  rude  and  primitive  state.  Roads,  as  understood  in 
Europe,  are  wholly  unknown,  but  relays  of  horses  are  main- 
tained at  distant  intervals  and  are  stationed  at  the  large 


ANA 


493 


AND 


towns  on  the  leading  routes.  There  are  three  lines  of  rail- 
way, aggregating,  in  1876,  220  miles.  The  principal  cities 
of  Anatolia  are  Smyrna,  Trebizond.  Iskanderoon,  Adramyti, 
Angora,  Seevas,  Sinope,  Samsoon,  Konieh,  Kaisareeyeh,  and 
Afioom. Adj.  and  inhab.  Anatolian,  an-a-to'le-an. 

Anatolico,  i-ni-tol'e-ko,  an  island  of  Greece,  govern- 
ment of  ^tolia,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Missolonghi,  in  the  Gulf 
of  Patras,  and  wholly  covered  by  a  town  of  400  houses. 

An'atoiief  a  post-town  of  Austin  oo.,  Wash.,  60  miles 
E.  of  Walla  Walla.     Pop.  100. 

Anava,  S,-nfl,-vi',  or  Guanahan,  gwi-ni-h5w',  a  river 
of  Brazil,  a  tributary  of  the  Rio  Branco  or  Parima.  Its 
whole  length  is  about  200  miles. 

Anava,  the  ancient  name  of  Chardak. 

Anavelhana,  &,-ni,-\i\-yk'nk,  a  river  of  Brazil,  an  af- 
fluent of  the  Rio  Negro.  It  flows  nearly  due  S.,  and  falls 
into  that  river  near  Taroma.     Length,  about  220  miles. 

Anazarbus,  a  town  of  Turkey,     See  Ain-Zarbe 

Anazo,  3.-n3,'zo\  or  Hanazo,  a  considerable  river  of 
Abyssinia,  formed  by  the  junction  of  the  Melee  and  the 
united  streams  of  Ancona  and  Sabalatte,  from  which  point 
the  Anazo  flows  nearly  due  E.,  taking  the  name  of  the 
Yiisso  (yis'so)  latterly,  till  it  comes  within  10  miles  of  the 
Sea  of  Bab-el-Mandeb,  when  it  sinks  into  the  sand. 

Aubar,  iln-bar'j  a  town  of  Russian  Toorkistan,  20  milo» 
N.E.  of  Khiva. 

Anbar,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey.    See  Feloojah. 

Ancaclis,  in^kichs',  a  department  of  Peru,  bounded 
N.  by  the  department  of  Libertad,  S.  by  that  of  Lima,  and 
extending  from  the  Pacific  eastward  to  the  head-waters  of 
the  Amazon.  Area,  17,405  square  miles.  It  is  rich  in 
minerals,  and  is  traversed  by  a  railway.  Capital,  Iluaraz. 
Pop.  284,091. 

Ancarano,  in-ki-ri'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Teramo,  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Teramo.     Pop.  1532. 

Ancaster,  ang'kas-t?r,  a  post- village  in  Wentworth  co., 
Ontario,  Canada,  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Hamilton.  It  contains 
a  knitting-factory,  an  iron-foundry,  carding-  and  woollen- 
mills,  and  an  agricultural  implement  factory.     Pop.  600. 

Aiicede,  in-si'd4,  a  town  of  Portugal,  on  the  Douro, 
28  miles  E.  of  Oporto.     Pop.  3090. 

Ancenis,  6N<»*s§h-nee'  (anc.  Andene'ehim?)  a  town  d 
France,  department  of  Loire-Inferieure,  on  the  Loire,  21 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Nantes.     Pop.  4358. 

Ancerma,  a  town  of  South  America.    See  Anzeuma. 

Aucerville,  ftNo^s^nH-eel',  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Meusc,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Bar-le-Duc.     Pop.  2120. 

Aiicliiale,  and  Anchialus,  ancient  names  of  Ahiolo. 

Ancholme,  an'cholm,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Lin- 
coln, flows  at  first  W.  past  Market-Ilasen,  and  then  north- 
ward to  join  the  Humbcr. 

Anchorage,  angk'pr-aj,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co., 
Ky.,  on  the  Louisville,  Cincinnati  &  Lexington  Railroad,  12 
miles  E.  of  Louisville.  It  contains  3  churches,  a  fem.ale 
seminary,  an  academy  for  boys,  and  a  manufactory  of  hemp 
bagging. 

Anchor  (angk'gr)  Island,  a  small  island  of  New  Zea- 
land, on  the  N.  side  of  the  entrance  into  Dusky  Bay. 

Anchor  Islands,  two  islands  off  the  E.  coast  of  Brazil, 
Btate  of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  3  miles  E.  of  Cape  Frio. 

Anchorites,  angk'yr-ites,  a  group  of  small  islands  in 
the  South  Pacific  Ocean,  about  280  miles  N.  of  Papua. 

Anchorville,  a  post-town  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Lenox,  has  a  church  and  an  academy.    P.  420. 

Anciaens,  5,N<»-se-i'4Ns,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province 
of  Tras-os-Montes,  near  the  Douro,  70  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Oporto,  with  thermal  springs.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Anci&o,  in-se-i'As",  or  almost  in-sowN"',  a  village  of 
Estremadura,  Portugal,  9  miles  E.  of  PombaL     Pop.  2529. 

Ancienne  Jjorette,  6N<'^se-en'  lo-r5it',  a  post-village 
in  Quebec  co.,  Quebec,  9  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Quebec.  It 
has  a  large  lumber  trade.  P.  2233,  including  Huron  Indians. 

Anclam,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Anklam. 

An'clote  River  forms  a  part  of  the  boundary  between 
llernanilo  and  Hillsborough  oos.,  Fla.,  and  falls  into  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico.     Off  its  mouth  are  the  Anclote  Keys. 

Anco,  in'ko,  a  town  of  Southern  Peru,  department  of 
Ayacucho,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Apurimac,  40  miles  E.  of 
Ayacucho. 

Anco'ber,  a  river  of  Africa,  on  the  Gold  Coast,  lat.  4° 
54'  N.,  Ion.  2°  16'  15"  W.     See  Ankober. 

Ancohuma,  mountain-peaks.     See  Andes. 

Ancolan  (In^ko-lin')  Islands,  a  group  of  small 
islands  in  the  North  Pacific  Ocean,  off  the  N.W.  coast  of 
the  S.  end  of  Luzon. 

Ancona,  dn-ko'ni  (anc.  Anco'na,  Gr.  'AyKuv,  Ancon, 
'■e.,  "  elbow,"  "  bend,"  or  "  angle,"  in  allusion  to  its  position 


in  an  angle  of  the  coast),  a  city  and  free  port  of  Central 
Italy,  on  the  Adriatic,  185  miles  by  railway  N.E.  of  Rome ; 
it  is  connected  also  with  Bologna  and  Brindisi  by  rail.  Lat. 
43"^  37'  7"  N. ;  Ion.  13°  30'  5"  E.  It  is  built  on  the  slope 
of  a  hill,  in  an  amphitheatre  between  two  hills,  on  one  of 
which  stands  the  citadel,  and  on  the  other  the  cathedral.  It , 
is  divided  into  two  parts,  the  Citta  Vecchia  (chit-ti'  v5k'- 
ke-i)  and  the  Citta  Nuova  (chit-ti'  noo-o'vi) :  the  former- 
occupies  the  higher  ground,  and  is  inhabited  by  the  poorer 
classes;  the  latter  is  situated  along  the  shores  of  the  gulf. 
Ancona  is  the  seat  of  a  civil  tribunal,  of  a  military  com- 
mandant, and  of  a  bishop.  It  has  a  college,  2  hospitals,  10 
churches,  and  a  lazaretto.  Among  the  most  remarkable 
buildings  are  the  government  palace,  the  town  house,  the 
merchants'  hall,  the  cathedral,  and  on  the  mole  the  tri- 
umphal Corinthian  arch  of  Trajan,  built  of  Parian  marble. 
Ancona  is  an  entrepot  for  European  goods  for  the  Levant. 
The  port,  which  is  the  only  good  one  on  this  side  the  Adri- 
atic between  Venice  and  Manfredonia,  is  formed  by  a  mole 
and  a  breakwater.  Ancona  is  supposed  to  have  been  founded 
by  a  Doric  colony,  or  by  a  band  of  Syracusan  patriots,  who 
fled  from  the  tyranny  of  Dionysius,  about  400  years  B.C. 
In  the  time  of  Csesar  it  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  Romans. 
The  Emperor  Trajan  and  Clement  XII.  improved  and  beau- 
tified the  harbor.  In  1798  the  city  was  taken  by  the  French  ; 
and  in  the  following  year  it  surrendered  to  the  allied  Rus- 
sian, Turkish,  and  Austrian  army,  after  a  long  resistance. 
Pop.  in  1881,  31,277. 

Ancona,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  the  Marches,  divided 
into  51  communes.  Area,  740  square  miles.  Capital,  An-, 
cona.     Pop.  in  1890,  267,338. 

The  March  of  Ancona  (It.  Marca  d'Aneona,  m3,R'ki 
din-ko'n4),  was  an  old  division  of  territory  in  Central 
Italy,  which  in  the  Middle  Ages  included  the  country 
between  the  duchy  of  Urbino  and  the  march  of  Fermo. 
See  Marches. 

Anco'na,  a  post- village  of  Livingston  co..  111.,  in  Read- 
ing township,  at  a  railway  junction,  6  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of 
Streator.     It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper, 
office,  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  350. 

Anco'ra,  a  post-village  of  Camden  co,,  N.J.,  in  Wins- 
low  township,  on  the  Camden  &  Atlantic  Division  of  the 
Pennsylra-nia  Railroad,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Camden.  It  is  li 
miles  from  the  New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad. 

Aii'cram,  a  post- village  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  in  An- 
cram  township,  on  the  Rhinebeck  &  Connecticut  Railroad, 
25  miles  from  Rhinecliff,  and  about  17  miles  S.E.  of  Hudson. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  a  paper-mill  for  straw  paper.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1715. 

Ancram   Lead  Mine,  or  Hot  Ground,  a  post-- 
hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Ancram  township,  on  the 
Poughkeepsie  <fc  Eastern  Railroad,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Pough- 
keepsie.     Galena,  blende,  and  copper  pyrites  are  found  here. 
It  has  a  church. 

Ancre,  a  town  of  France.     See  Albert. 

Ajtt'croft,  a  village  of  England,  in  Northumberland,  6 
miles  S.  of  Berwick.     Pop.  1991. 

An'crum,  a  parish  and  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Rox- 
burgh. In  this  parish  was  fought  the  battle  Of  Ancrum 
Moors,  in  1544,  between  the  Scotch  and  English. 

Ancrum,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  Fla.,  on  the  Su- 
wanee  River. 

Ancud,  in-kooth',  or  San  Carlos  de  Ancud,  sin 
kar'lijs  di  in-kooth',  a  port  of  Chili,  on  the  N.  coast  of 
Chiloe,  capital  of  the  province  of  Chiloe,  has  a  safe  and 
spacious  harbor.  Lat.  41°  52'  S.;  Ion.  73°  55'  W.  It  is- 
much  visited  by  whalemen,  and  exports  hams  and  wood. 
It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  in  1884,  6000. 

Ancy,  6N»^see',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Rhone.     Pop.  880.     It  has  manufactures  of  silk  stuffs. 

Ancy,  6N«*see',  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Lorraine,  8 
miles  S.W.  of  Metz.     Pop.  955. 

Ancy-le-Franc,  ftNo'see'-l^lk-frftii"',  a  town  of  France,, 
department  of  Yonne,  on  the  Armanjon,  10  miles  S.E,  of 
Tonnerre.     Pop.  1772. 

Ancyra,  a  city  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Angora. 

Andacollo,  in-di-kol'yo,  a  village  of  Chili,  28  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Coquimbo,  in  a  rich  mining-district.  It  has  an 
image  of  the  Virgin  which  brings  hither  20,000  pilgrims 
yearly.     Pop.  1580. 

Andad-Khan,in-did-kin',orAndejan,a.n-di-jin', 
a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia,  in  Ferghana,  on  the  Jaxartes,  55 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Khokan.  The  town  is  large,  and  is  sur- 
rounded with  gardens  and  a  moated  fort.    Pop.  43,000. 

Andahuaylas,  in-di-wi'lis,  a  town  of  Southern  Pern, : 
department  of  Apurimac,  on  the  Andahuaylas,  60  miles  S.E. 
of  Huamanga. 


ilKD 


494 


AND 


Andaia,  a  river  of  Bratil.    Sm  Anoata. 

Andalgala,  in-dil-g4'l4,  ft  town  of  the  Argentine  Re- 
public, jirovinoe  *nd  76  mUt»  N.  of  Cfttnmaroa.    Pop.  3073. 

An'dale,  a  po«t-villnge  of  Sedgwick  co.,  KansM,  20 
mile*  by  rail  N.W.  of  Wichita.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank, 
and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  2U0. 

Anualasia,  an-d&-lu^ahe-f  (6p.  Andalucia,  &n-d&-loo- 
thee'4  ;  Fr.  Andalntie,  fiwMiMU'xoe' ;  (Jor.  Andahitieti,  An- 
dA-loo'zc-^n),  the  largest  of  the  ancient  divisions  of  the  S.  of 
Spain,  bounded  S.E.  and  S.  by  the  Mediterranenn  and  the 
Straits  of  Uibnilfar,  S.W.  by  the  Atlantic,  and  W.  by  Por- 
tugal. It  is  now  divided  into  the  following  provinces,  which 
are  named  from  their  chief  towns :  Almeria,  Grannda,  Jaen, 
Malaga,  Cadis,  Cordova,  Huelva,  and  Seville.  Andalusia  is 
traversed  by  the  Sierras  Morena  and  Nevada ;  the  climate 
on  the  ooafits  is  extremely  warm,  and  the  soil  is  very  fertile. 
The  Vandals  were  established  in  this  country  in  the  fifth 
century,  whence  it  was  called  Vaudahisia,  afterwards  cor- 
rupted into  Andalusia.  After  the  dismemberment  of  the 
empire  of  the  Caliphs  in  1030,  Andalusia  formed  the  kin^r- 
doms  of  Cordova,  Seville,  Jaen,  Almeria,  Malaga,  and  Gra- 
niida,  all  successively  conquered  by  the  kings  of  Castile. 

Area,  33,7(50  square  miles.  P.  3,261,988. Aitj.  and  inhah. 

Amdalusian,  an-da-lu'shc-an  (Sp.  Andaltiz,  &n-d4-looth'). 

Andalusia,  an-da-lu'she-a,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Covington  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Conecun,  about  80  miles  S.  of 
Montgomery.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Andalusia,  a  pust-vlllage  of  Rock  Island  co.,  III.,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  12  miles  below  Davenport,  Iowa.  It 
has  3  churches.     Pop.  of  Andalusia  township,  878. 

Andalusia,  a  post-village  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  near  the 
Delaware  River,  and  on  the  railroad  from  Philadelphia  to 
Trenton,  12  miles  N.E.  of  the  former.  It  has  an  Episcopal 
chapel,  and  schools  called  Andalusia  Hall  and  Potter  Hall. 

Andalusie,  Andalusien,  Andaluz.  See  Anda- 
lusia. 

Andaman  (an-da-man')  Islands,  a  group  of  islands 
in  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  between  lat.  10°  and  13°  N.,  and 
nearly  under  the  93d  degree  of  E.  Ion.,  180  miles  S.W.  of 
Cape  Negrais.  The  Great  and  Little  Andaman  Islands  are 
separated  by  Duncan's  Passage.  Area,  2551  square  miles. 
The  native  population  is  scanty,  and  belongs  to  a  puny  race 
of  blacks  called  Mincopies,  who  are  as  degraded  savages  as 
any  in  the  world.  The  islands  now  form  a  British  convict 
settlement  for  East  Indian  criminals.  Chief  settlement,  Port 
Blair,  on  Chatham  Island.     Pop.  13,500. 

Andamarca,  &n-d4-maR'k&,  a  village  of  Bolivia,  75 
miles  S.  of  Oruro.     Pop.  1600. 

Andance,  6n<'M6nss',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Ardeche,  on  the  Rhone,  6  miles  S.  of  Serriiireg.    Pop.  1596 

Andar,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Saint  Louis. 

Andaya,  or  Andaia,  &n-di'4,  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises 
in  the  Serra  Matta  Gorda,  and  falls  into  the  Sao  Francisco 
at  lat.  18°  10'  S.     Length,  120  miles. 

Andaye,  or  Hendaye,  6n°M4',  a  small  seaport  of 
France,  department  of  Basses- Pyrfindes,  12  miles  S.AV.  of 
Bayonne,  on  the  Bidassoa.     Pop.  about  700. 

Andecavi,  or  Andegavi.    See  Angers. 

Andeer,  in'daiR',  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Orisons,  on  the  Rhine,  14  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Chur.     Pop.  583. 

Andejan,  in  Asiatic  Russia.    See  ANnAD-KuAX. 

Andelfingen,  in'd§l-fing\n,  a  town  of  Switzerland, 
17  miles  N.E.  of  Zurich,  on  the  Thur,  here  crossed  by  a 
railway  bridge.     Pop.  1935. 

Andclle,  6N°'d6ir,  a  river  of  France,  falls  into  the 
8eine  above  Pont-de-l'Arohe.     Length,  24  miles. 

Andeiot,  dKo'd^h-lo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haat«- 
Mavnc,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Chaumont.     Pop.  ItiOO, 

Andelys,  a  town  of  France.     See  Les  Andei.vs. 

Andeniatnnum,  the  ancient  name  of  Langbes. 

Andenaes,  in'd^-nds',  a  village  of  the  Lofl'odcn  Islands, 
Norway,  on  the  Isle  of  Andoen.  It  has  large  fisheries,  and 
a  trade  in  down  and  feathers.     Pop.  1 650. 

Andenesium,  supposed   ancient  name  of  Axcexis. 

Andenne,  fiso'dinn',  a  town  of  Belgium,  province  of 
Namur,  on  the  Meuse,  11  miles  by  rail  E.of  Nainur.  Pop. 
8760.     It  has  manufactures  of  porcelain  and  tobacco-pipes. 

Andcra  (or  Anderot)  Island.  See  Laccadivb  Isles. 

Anderab,  in'd^r.&b',  or  Inderab,  ln-d§r-4b',  a  town 
of  Budukhshan,  about  85  miles  i' .N.E.  of  Cnbool,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Anderab  and  Kiasan.     It  is  a  populous  place. 

Anderabia,  a  Persian  island.    See  Isoerabia. 

Anderlecht,  4n'd?r-ldKt\  a  town  of  Belgium,  province 
of  Brabant,  arrondissement  of  Bi;usscls,  of  which  city  it 
forms  a  suburb  on  the  S.W.     Pop.  7465. 

Andermatt,  Au'd^r-mAtt',  or  Urseren,  ooR's^-r^n, 
(Ital.  Oi'tera),  a  village  of  Switzerland,  in  the  valley  of 


Drseren,  18  miles  S.  of  Altorf.  Near  it  is  the  Devil's  Bridge, 
crossing  the  Reuss,  and  forming  part  of  the  route  acroaa 
Mount  St.  Uothard  into  Italy.     Pop.  744. 

Andcrnach,  in'd^r-nilK'  (anc.  AntiinncHtn  or  Auiom'n. 
oiiit),  a  town  of  Prussia,  on  the  Rhine,  10  miles  by  rail  N.W. 
of  Coblentz.  It  is  famous  for  the  production  of  millstones 
and  trass  or  cement.     Pop.  4482. 

Anderot,  or  Andcrov.    See  Laccadivk  Isles. 

An'dcrson,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an 
area  of  570  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Pottawatomie 
Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  In- 
dian corn,  horses,  cattle,  hay,  and  oats  are  the  «t.i[)l(j 
products.  The  county  contains  extensive  prairies  (about 
94  per  cent.).  It  is  intersected  by  several  branches  of  the 
Missouri  Pacific  and  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  ¥6 
Railroad  lines,  which  converge  at  Garnett,  the  county 
scut.  Coal  is  found  here.  Pop.  in  1870,  5220;  in  187d| 
5809;  in  1880,  9057;  in  1890,  14,203. 

Anderson,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Ken- 
tucky, has  an  area  of  about  200  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  navigable  Kentucky  River,  and  is  inter- 
sected by  Salt  River.  The  surface  is  partly  level,  and 
mostly  undulating;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  hemp, 
and  i)()rk  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Lawrenceburg< 
It  is  traversed  by  the  Louisville  Southern  Railroad.  Pop. 
in  1870,  5449;  in  1880,  9360;  in  1890,  10,610. 

Anderson,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  South  Caro- 
lina, has  an  area  of  690  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  by  the  Suluda,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Savannah 
River.  It  is  also  intersected  by  the  Kiowee  River.  Thi 
surface  is  hilly;  the  soil  is  fertile.  A  large  portion  of  the 
county  is  woodland.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple 
products.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Central  Railroad  of 
(Jeorgia  and  by  the  Greenville  &  Columbia  division  of  the 
Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad.  Cspital,  Anderson  Court- 
House.  Pop.  in  1870,  24,049;  in  1880,  33,612;  in  1890, 
43,696. 

Anderson,  a  county  of  Tennessee,  has  an  area  esti- 
mated at  360  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Clinch 
River,  and  also  drained  by  Powell's  River.  The  surface  ii 
partly  occupied  by  the  Cumberland  Mountain.  The  soil 
of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  wheat  are 
the  staple  products.  Among  the  forest  trees  are  the  oak, 
hickory,  and  sugar-maple.  Coal  and  salt-springs  are  found 
here.  The  county  is  traversed  by  the  Eastern  Tennessee, 
Virginia  A  Georgia  Railroad,  a  branch  of  which  extends 
from  Clinton,  the  capital,  to  Harriman  Junction,  en  the 
Queen  &  Crescent  Route.  Pop.  in  1870,  8704;  in  1880, 
10,820;  in  1890,  15,128. 

Anderson,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Texas, 
has  an  area  of  about  1000  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  oa 
the  E.  by  the  Neehes,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Trinity  River, 
which  is  navigable  by  steamboats.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating; the  soil  is  fertile.  The  county  is  liberally  supplied 
with  timber.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  International  & 
Great  Northern  Railroad,  the  most  direct  route- to  Mexico, 
via  Laredo,  2  branches  of  which  meet  at  Palestine,  the 
county  seat  of  this  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  9229;  in  1880, 
17,395;  in  1890,  20,923. 

Anderson,  a  hamlet  in  .Jackson  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Nash- 
ville A  Chattanooga  Railroad,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Stevensoa. 
Coal  and  Iron  are  found  here. 

Anderson,  a  post-town  of  Shasta  co.,  Cal.,  24  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Red  Bluflf.  It  has  3  churches,  a  public  school,  a 
newspaper  office,  manufactures  of  wagons  and  carriaftes, 
and  a  flour-mill.  It  is  situated  in  a  fine  fruit-growing 
region.     Pop.  about  600. 

Anderson,  a  hamlet  of  Santa  Rosa  co.,  Fla.,  on  Santa 
Rosa  Sound,  about  35  miles  E.  of  Pensacola. 

Anderson,  a  station  in  Clayton  township,  Adams  co., 
III.,  on  the  Keokuk  Branch  of  the  Wabash  Railroad,  4  mile* 
N.W.  of  Clayton. 

Anderson,  a  township  of  Clark  co..  III.     Pop.  947. 

Anderson,  a  station  in  Macoupin  co..  III.,  on  the  Chi- 
cago &  Alton  Railroad,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Carlinville. 

Anderson,  a  thriving  city  and  important  railroad 
centre,  the  capital  of  Madison  co.,  Ind.,  is  on  the  west  fork 
of  the  White  River,  at  the  convergence  of  4  railroads,  35' 
miles  N.E.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  9  churches,  3  banks,  3 
newspaper  offices,  and  numerous  manufactories  of  iron, 
paper,  glass,  wire  nails,  strawboards,  machinery,  flour,  tile, 
lumber,  Ac,  in  the  operation  of  which  natural  gas  is  used. 
Pop.  in  1890,  10,741. 

Anderson,  a  township  of  Perry  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1138. 

Anderson,  a  township  of  Rush  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1452. 

Anderson,  a  township  of  Warrick  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  842. 


AND 


495 


AND 


Anderson,  a  township  of  Mills  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  631. 

Anderson,  a  post-hatnlet  of  Fremont  oo.,  Iowa,  3  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Sidney. 

Anderson,  a  post-hamlet  of  McDonald  co.,  Mo.,  7  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Wade,  and  21  miles  S.  of  Neosho. 

Anderson,  a  hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  in  Mansfield 
township,  1  mile  from  Port  Murray  Railroad  Station.  It 
has  1  church,  and  a  flour-mill  on  the  Musconetcong  River. 

Anderson,  a  township  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  above  Cincinnati.  Pop.  4077.  It  contains  New- 
town and  Mount  Washington. 

Anderson,  a  post-village  of  Ross  co.,  0.,  in  Union  town- 
ship, on  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  9  miles  N.W. 
of  Chillicothe.     It  has  2  churches. 

Anderson,  a  township,  Williamsburg  co.,  S.C.  Pop.  576. 

Anderson,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Franklin  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Nashville  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  49  miles 
W.  of  Chattanooga.     It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  Ac. 

Anderson,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Grimes  co.,  Tex., 
about  68  miles  N.N.W.  of  Houston.  It  is  10  miles  N.E.  of 
Navasota.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy.     Pop.  495. 

Anderson,  a  station  in  Preston  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  21  miles  E.  of  Grafton. 

Anderson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co.,  W.Va.,  on 
the  Ohio,  about  18  miles  N.  of  Steubenville. 

An'dersonburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co..  Pa.,  about 
20  miles  N.W.  of  Carlisle.    It  has  a  hotel  and  several  mills. 

Anderson  Conrt-Honse,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Anderson  co.,  S.C,  on  a  branch  of  the  Greenville  &  Colum- 
bia Railroad,  which  here  connects  with  the  Blue  Ridge  Rail- 
road, 126  miles  W.N.W.  of  Columbia.  It  has  6  churches,  2 
newspaper  offices,  1  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  and  a  col- 
legiate institute.     Pop.  1579. 

Anderson  Island,  Alaska.    See  Saint  Lawrence. 

Anderson  River,  in  British  Columbia,  enters  the  Fraser 
River,  from  the  E.,  25  miles  above  Yale. 

Anderson's,  a  station  in  Washoe  co.,  Nevada,  on  the 
Virginia  <fc  Truckee  Railroad,  3^  miles  S.  of  Reno. 
■   Anderson's,  a  township  of  Caswell  CO.,  N.C.  Pop.1544. 

Anderson's,  a  station  in  Mifflin  eo.,  Pa.,  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  and  on  the  Juniata  River,  66  miles  by  rail 
N.W.  of  Harrisburg. 

Anderson's  Corners,  Quebec.    See  Six  Mile  Cnoss, 

Anderson's  Creek, apost-officeofLauderdaleco.,  Ala. 

Anderson's  Creek,  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  enters  the 
W.  branch  of  Susquehanna  River. 

Anderson's  Creek,  of  Indiana,  rises  in  Crawford  co., 
and  forms  the  boundary  between  Spencer  and  Perry  coun- 
ties, until  it  falls  into  the  Ohio  near  Troy. 

Anderson's  Ferry,  a  station  in  Hamilton  co.,  C,  on 
the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  &  Lafayette  Railroad,  and  on 
the  Ohio  River,  6  miles  below  Cincinnati. 

Anderson's  Inlet,  or  Venus  Bay,  in  Victoria, 
Australia,  N.  of  Bass's  Strait,  between  Capes  Liptrap  and 
Patterson,  receives  Tarwin  River. 

Anderson's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Pickens  co.,  S.C. 

Anderson's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Travis  oo.,  Tex. 

Anderson's  Springs,  a  summer  resort  of  Lake  co., 
Gal.,  in  Lovrer  Lake  township,  10  miles  from  the  Geysers, 
and  about  80  miles  N.  of  San  Francisco.  It  has  medicinal 
springs,  which  are  resorted  to  for  rheumatism,  liver-com- 
plaints, paralysis,  Ac.     Elevation,  1950  feet  above  the  sea. 

Anderson's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Caswell  co.,  N.C, 
28  miles  S.  of  Danville,  Va. 

An'dersontown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caroline  co.,  Md., 
about  45  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Annapolis. 

Andersontown,  a  post-office  of  York  co..  Pa. 

An'dersonville,  a  post-village  of  Sumter  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Southwestern  Railroad,  60  miles  S.W.  of  Maoon.  Here 
many  Union  prisoners  were  confined  in  the  civil  war.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  large  national  cemetery. 

Andersonville,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind., 
in  Posey  township,  about  54  miles  E.S.E.  of  Indianapolis. 
It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  about  200. 

Andersonville,  New  Jersey.    See  Anderson. 

Andersonville,  a  manufacturing  village  in  the  town 
of  Fine,  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Gou- 
verneur  Station.     Here  is  Fine  Post-Office. 

Andersonville,  a  post-village  of  Ross  co.,  0.,  in  Union 
township,  on  the  Ohio  &  Erie  Canal,  6  miles  N.  of  Chilli- 
cothe.    It  has  2  churches. 

Andersonville,  a  hamlet  of  Anderson  oo.,  S.C,  near 
the  Savannah  River,  14  miles  AV.S.AV.  of  Anderson  Court- 
House.  i  It  has  a  church,  a  cotton-factory,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Andersonville,  a  post-office  of  Anderson  co.,  Tenn. 

An'derson  Wool'len  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Union  co., 
Ky.,  near  the  Ohio  River,  15  miles  from  Shawneetown,  III, 


Andes,  an'diz,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Andes  township,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Delhi,  and  about  63  milerf 
S.W.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  national  bank,  an  academy  of 
collegiate  institute,  a  newspaper  office,  2  churches,  andi 
2  tanneries.  Pop.  (1890)  416;  of  township,  2039.  It  itf 
traversed  by  the  E.  branch  of  the  Delaware  River.         . 

Andes,  an'diz  (Sp,  Cordillera  de  lot  Andeg,  koR-deel- 
yi'ri  di  loce  in'dfis),  a  range  of  mountains  of  such  vast' 
extent  and  altitude  as  to  render  it  one  of  the  most  remark-' 
able  physical  features  of  the  globe.  Commencing  at  Cap» 
Horn,  it  extends  nearly  parallel  to  the  Pacific  coast  through- 
cut  South  America  to  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  a  distanca 
)f  about  4500  miles.  From  this  point  it  is  continued, 
and,  under  different  names,  traverses  the  North  American 
continent  from  S.  to  N.,  terminating  in  Point  Darrow  on 
the  Arctic  Ocean ;  extending  in  all  through  nearly  130  do.- 
grees  of  latitude,  or  about  9000  miles.  The  Andes  consist^ 
for  the  most  part,  of  a  series  of  lofty  ridges  running  more  ot 
less  parallel  to  each  other,  and  covering,  with  their  plateau* 
and  declivities,  nearly  a  sixth  part  of  South  America.  From 
its  S.  extremity  the  main  chain  runs  along  the  W.  shore  of' 
Terra  del  Fuego,  and  consists  of  rocky  summits,  rising  in  man  j 
places  to  2000  or  3000  feet,  the  culminating  point  of  this  por- 
tion (Mount  Sarmicnto)  being  6910  feet  above  the  sea.  Th« 
Patagonian  Andes  run  directly  northward  as  far  as  lat.  42*' 
S.,  flanked  by  rocky  and  mountainous  islands  in  the  Pacific, 
that  seem  to  have  been  disunited  from  the  mainland  by  vol- 
canic agency.  The  Andes  of  Chili,  from  lat.  42°  to  lat.  21°  S., 
form  a  single  chain,  dividing  itself  northward  into  several 
ridges.  The  principal  peaks  are  the  volcanoes  of  Antuoo' 
(16,000  feet  high),  Maypu  (15,000  feet  high),  and  Tupungat* 
(15,000  feet  high) ;  but  the  culminating  point,  not  only  of  this 
portion,  but  of  the  entire  range  of  the  Andes,  is  the  nevad*' 
of  Aconcagua,  which  rises  22,422  feet  above  the  sea.  The  Hn* 
of  perpetual  snow  in  those  latitudes  is  about  14,000  feet  abov» 
the  sea.  Between  the  Chilian  Andes  and  the  Pacific — a  dig- 
tance  varying  from  80  to  150  miles — are  extensive  plains' 
elevated  from  1000  to  1500  feet  above  the  sea.  In  the  S." 
these  are  mostly  clothed  with  a  rich  vegetation ;  but  the 
more  elevated  mountain-regions  are  nearly  destitute  of 
plants.  The  Bolivian  Andes,  forming  the  central  division' 
of  the  system,  extend  northward  from  lat.  21°  to  lat.  14°  S., 
presenting  one  immense  mass  of  rocks,  stretching  in  length' 
ever  7  degrees  of  latitude  and  in  breadth  from  200  to  25tf' 
miles.  In  this  section  the  chain  separates,  about  lat.  19°  S.^ 
into  two  groat  longitudinal  ridges,  the  E.  called  the  Cordillera' 
Real,  and  the  W.  the  Cordillera  of  the  Coast.  These  rutt 
parallel  to  each  other,  enclosing  the  table-land  of  Desa- 
guadero,  elevated  12,700  feet  above  the  sea,  extending  400- 
miles  in  length,  and  from  30  to  80  miles  in  breadth  along  thsf 
top  of  the  Andes.  These  parallel  Cordilleras,  situated  at  a 
distance  of  about  230  miles  from  each  other,  are  united  at 
various  points  by  enormous  transverse  groups,  or  by  singl0 
ranges  crossing  them  like  dikes.  The  descent  to  the  Pa-, 
cific  is  exceedingly  steep ;  the  dip  is  also  very  sudden  to  th« 
E.,  whence  offshoots  diverge  to  the  lower  plains.  The  fol-' 
lowing  are  some  of  the  principal  summits  in  this  portion  of 
the  Andes  : 


I.  CORDILLE- 
BA  or  THE 

Coast. 


n.      COBDII- 

LERA  OP  Bo- 
livia OS 
Ancuma. 


Name. 


Sahama 

Parinacota 

Giialateiri - 

Pomnrape 

Misti 

Chiiricaiii 

Sorata 

Illimani  (illi,  snow). 


Ancohnma.. 


Chacbacomani 

Supaiwasi,  or 
Huayna  Potosi 
Peak 

Mesada  Nevada 

Angol  Peak 

Cacaca 

Cololo 


S.  lat  W.Ion, 


18°  7' 
18°  10' 
20°l:i' 
18°  8' 
16°  19' 
17°  43' 


10°  38' 


15°  62' 
U°"6'' 


19°  30' 
16°  SC 
16°  10' 
16°  25' 
14°  67' 


68°  52' 
69°  11' 
69°  17' 
6903' 
71°  23' 
69°  47' 


67°  49' I N.  Peak. 
S.  Peak.. 
N.  Peak. 
S.  Peak.. 
N.  Peak. 


68°  33' 


68°  25' 


68°  IC 
67°  52' 
68°  14' 
68°  58' 
69°10' 


Feet 


22,350 
22,0.30 
21,96(1 
21,700 
18,.53a 
19,7401 
21,286 
21,060 
21,149 
21,043 
21,286 
20,235 


20,260 
19,:559 
19,060 
18,210 
17,930 


The  highest  summita  are  W.  of  the  Desaguadero.  Th» 
Peruvian  Andes,  separated  from  the  Pacific  by  a  desert 
from  50  to  100  tniles  broad,  extend  from  lat.  14°  to  lat.  5°  S., 
and  detach  two  eastern  offsets,  one  of  which  runs  N.W.  bo-' 
tween  the  Maranon  and  Huallaga  Rivers,  and  the  other 
between  the  Huallaga  and  the  Ucayale,  enclosing  a  plateau 
11,000  feet  high,  called  Pasco  cr  Huanuco.   The  main  range, 


AND 


496 


AND 


termed  the  Cordillen  of  the  Cooet,  rnn»  W.N.W.  in  n  dlreo- 
tiun  parallel  to  and  about  70  miles  dititnnt  from  Die  Piicifio. 
The  Andes  of  Ecuador  oomuivnce  at  Int.  &°  S.,  and  run 
nearly  due  N.  to  the  table-land  of  Quito,  which  is  200 
9>ile8  long,  30  miles  broad,  elevated  9600  feet  above  the  sen, 
anj  surrounded  by  the  must  magnificent  series  of  volcanoes 
in  the  world.  The  K.  range  comj)ri8e8  the  volcivnoos  of 
Sangay  (17,120  feet),  Tunguragua  (16,570  feet),  Cotopaxi 
(18,880  feet),  Antisana  (10,148  feet),  and  Mount  Cayauibe 
(19,535  feet  high).  On  the  W.  range  stands  Mount  Chim- 
bora»o,  21,420  feet  above  the  sea.  On  the  E.  side,  hit.  2° 
N.,  Is  the  mountuin-knot  of  Paramo,  from  which  extend 
thro«  scparnte  chains:  1,  that  of  Suma  Paz,  running  M.E. 
past  Lake  Manvcaybo,  and  terminating  near  Caracas,  on 
the  Caribbean  Sea;  2,  the  chain  of  Quindiu,  extending 
N.N.E.  between  the  rivers  Cauoa  and  Magdalcna;  and,  3, 
the  chain  of  Choco,  which  follows  the  Pacific  coiist  to  the 
Isthmus  of  Panama,  where  it  forms  the  link  between  the 
Andes  and  the  Ilocky  Mountain  system  of  North  America. 
Iforth  of  the  5th  parallel,  the  only  summits  within  the  lino 
of  perpetual  snow  are  in  the  E.  chain.  The  volcano  of  To- 
lima,  in  lat.  4°  46'  N.,  Ion.  75°  37'  AV.,  rises  18,270  feet. 

This  gigantic  mountain-chain  is  traversed  in  different 
parts  by  passes  or  roads  at  heights  almost  equal  to  those 
of  the  extreme  summits  of  the  European  ranges.  Most  of 
these  are  narrow,  steep,  and  dangerous.  The  pass  from 
Arequipa  to  Puno  is  14,660  feet  high ;  and  the  one  leading 
from  Lima  to  Tarma  and  Pasco  is  15,760  feet,  being  the 
highest  known  pass  of  the  Andes.  There  are  numerous 
other  passes  across  the  Andes,  many  of  which  exceed  15,000 
feet  in  height.  At  best,  these  are  as  a  rule  practicable  only 
for  mules  and  llamas,  and  in  many  cases  the  traveller  is 
parried  over  upon  the  bocks  of  natives.  A  great  commer- 
cial road  runs  longitudinally  along  the  Andes  from  Trujillo 
to  Popayan,  not  much  less  than  1000  miles.  In  Peru  rail- 
ways have  been  constructed  from  the  sea  eastward  to  the 
Titicaca  basin,  across  the  principal  Andean  range.  The 
Oroya  Railway  has  a  tunnel  15,645  feet  above  sea-level. 

The  Andes  are  composed  partly  of  granite,  gneiss,  mica, 
and  clay-slate,  but  chiefly  of  greenstone,  porphyry,  and  ba- 
salt, with  limestone,  red  sandstone,  and  conglomerate.  Salt 
and  gypsum  are  also  found,  and  seams  of  coal  at  a  great 
elevation.  The  topaz,  amethyst,  and  other  gems  are  abun- 
dant. Volcanoes  are  numerous  in  the  Chilian  Andes,  where 
there  are  no  less  than  nineteen  in  a  state  of  activity ;  and 
the  mountains  of  Ecuador  consist  altogether  of  volcanic 
summits,  either  now  or  formerly  in  active  ignition.  Hardly 
any  other  portion  of  the  globe  is  subject  to  such  frequent 
and  destructive  earthquakes  as  the  countries  embosomed 
within  the  Andes,  and  those  lying  between  them  and  the 
Pacific.  The  Andes  are  celebrated  for  their  mineral  riches, 
producing  gold  and  silver  in  large  quantities,  with  platinum, 
mercury,  copper,  lead,  and  iron.  Except  in  the  far  S., 
glaciers  are  of  rare  occurrence  in  the  Andes,  being  found 
ODly  in  the  narrow  ravines  which  furrow  the  sides  of  some 
of  the  great  summits.  The  limit  of  perpetual  snow  reaches 
the  height  of  13,800  feet  in  the  W.  Cordillera  of  Chili ;  near 
the  equator  it  is  15,000  feet,  and  in  the  Bolivian  Andes 
(lat.  21°  S.),  17,000  feet  above  the  sea.  The  potato  is  cul- 
tivated in  the  Andes  at  an  elevation  of  9800  to  13,000  feet. 
Wheat  grows  at  a  height  of  10,000  feet,  and  oats  ripen  near 
Iiake  Titicaca,  at  an  elevatioo  of  12,795  feet. 

The  name  Andes  is  derived  from  the  Peruvian  word  Anti, 
signifying  "copper."  It  was  first  given  to  a  range  near 
Cuzco,  but  was  afterwards  applied  to  the  entire  chain. 

Andes,  Los  Andes,  or  Santa  Rosa  de  los  An- 
des, sin'tiL  ib'ik  d4  loce  in'dfis,  a  town  of  Chili,  province 
«f  Aconcagua,  IS  miles  by  rail  £.  by  S.  of  San  Felipe. 
Pop.  4445. 

Andevooron'to,  or  Andevourante,  In-d^-voo- 
r&u'ta,  a  large  village  on  the  E.  coast  of  Madagascar,  near 
the  mouth  of  a  river  of  the  same  name.     Pop.  2000. 

Andhalgaon,  an-dargi-on',  a  town  of  India,  Cen- 
tral Provinces,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Bhundara.     Pop.  3270. 

Andiary,  8.n-de-i'rco,  two  villages  of  Western  Africa, 
in  the  Bondoo  country,  near  lat.  14°  6'  N.,  Ion.  13°  W. 

Andiphilio,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Antiphilo. 

Andkhoo,  ind'koo',  Ankkoui,  &n-koo'e,  or  Ankoi', 
a  town  of  Afghan  Toorkistan,  capital  of  the  province  or 
oasis  of  Andkhoo,  one  of  the  "Four  Domains"  of  the 
•ouctry,  on  the  N.  slope  of  the  Huzarch  Mountains,  about 
70  miles  W.  of  Balkh.  It  is  on  on-  vf  the  great  commercial 
routes  between  Bokhara  and  Afghanistan.  Pop.,  composed 
of  Soonae  Mohammedans,  from  25,000  to  30,000. 

Andlaa,  ind'low,  a  village  of  Germany,  Lower  Alsace, 
(>b  the  Andlau,  an  affluent  of  the  III,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of 
l^hlettstadt.     Pop.  2024. 


Andoain,  in-do-Ine',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Biscay,  on  a 

railway,  6  miles  from  St.  Sebastian.     Poj).  1060. 

AndOcn,  iud'o-?n  {i.e.,  "Buck  Island"),  one  of  the 
LoS'otlen  Islands,  off  tho  W.  coast  of  Norway,  20  miles  long 
and  10  miles  broad.     Lat.  69°  20'  N.j  Ion.  15°  15'  E. 

Andolshcini,  &n'dul8-himo^  (Fr.  uron.  &N<>Morz5m'),  a 
village  of  Alsace,  3i  miles  S.E.  of  Colmar.  It  has  a  oon- 
sistorial  Protestant  church.     Pop.  970. 

Audora,&n-do'r&,  or  Marina  d'Andora,  m&-rec'n& 
din-do' rA,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  Gulf  of 
Genoa,  3  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Alassio.     Pop.  1848. 

Andorno  Cacciorna,&n-doit'no  k&t-chou'n4,  a  town 
of  lUvly,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Ivrea,  on  tho  Cervo.  It  was  the 
birthplace  of  the  painter  Cagliari.     Pop.  2354. 

Audorossa,  a  town  of  Greece.    See  Androussa. 

Andorra,  in-doii'ni  (Fr.  Andorre,  6.N'''doRn'),  a  ncu- 
iral  country  with  the  name  of  a  republic,  situated  on  tho  S. 
slope  of  the  Pyrenees,  between  tho  French  department  of 
Ari6ge  and  the  Spanish  province  of  Lerida,  extending  from 
lat.  42°  22'  to  42'*  43'  N.,  and  from  Ion.  1°  25'  to  1°  55'  E., 
surrounded  by  high  mountains,  on  which  tho  snow  lies  for 
six  months  in  the  year.  Area,  150  square  miles.  Its  cli- 
mate is  cold,  but  healthy;  soil  unproductive  in  grain,  but 
contains  many  rich  mines  of  iron,  and  one  of  lead.  Tho 
government,  a  democracy,  is  vested  in  24  consuls,  elected  by 
the  whole  population.  It  is  nominally  subject  to  the  suzt- 
rainty  of  France  and  of  the  bishop  of  Urgel.  The  inhab> 
itants,  mostly  shepherds,  speak  the  Catalan  language.  Pup. 
about  12,000.     The  independence  of  this  little  state  dates 

from  Charlemagne,  in  790. Adj.  and  inhab.  Andoiiukse, 

an-doR-neez'. 

Andorra,  a  small,  ancient  town,  capital  of  the  .above 
republic,  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Montelar,  12  miles  N.  of  Urgel. 
Pop.  about  1000. 

Andoiiill6,  5ir»'doo^ee*yi',  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Mayenne,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Chailland.     Pop.  2960. 

Au'dover,  a  borough  and  market-town  of  England,  co. 
of  Hants,  12  miles  N.VV.  of  Winchester.     Pop.  5653. 

An'dover,  a  post-town  of  Tolland  co..  Conn.,  on  a  rail- 
road, 23  miles  E.  of  Hartford.    It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  461. 

Audover,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co..  III.,  in  Andover 
township,  about  25  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Gale^-burg.  It  has 
3  churches,  and  several  stores  and  other  business  concerns. 
Pop.  of  township,  1767. 

Andover,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa,  on  a 
division  of  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  llailway,  about  12 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Clinton.     Pop.  100. 

Andover,  a  post-village  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas,  11  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Wichita.  It  has  a  church  and  a  graded  schooh 
Pop.  175. 

Andover,  a  post-township  of  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  about 
45  miles  N.W.  of  Lewiston.    It  has  several  starch-factories. 

Andover,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co..  Mass.,  is  in  An- 
dover township,  and  on  the  Boston  <t  Maine  Railroad,  23 
miles  N.  of  Boston,  and  about  10  miles  E.  of  Lowell.  It 
coptains  a  savings-bank,  a  national  bank,  the  Abbott  Feiaale 
Academy,  a  free  public  library  of  1 1,500  volumes,  and  a  lib- 
erally endowed  institution  called  Phillips  Academy,  which 
was  founded  in  1778,  and  has  an  attendance  of  abuut  350 
students  annually.  It  is  also  the  seat  of  Andover  Theo- 
logical Seminary,  which  was  founded  in  1807  and  is  under 
tho  control  of  the  Congregational ists.  This  seminary  has 
an  endowment  of  $550,000  and  a  library  of  about  30,()UI) 
volumes.  The  number  of  students  is  nearly  100,  and  the 
number  of  alumni  about  2000.  It  has  12  professors.  The 
seminary  and  academy  are  under  tho  same  board  of  trustees, 
and  have  a  productive  property  of  about  $500,000,  and  an 
unproductive  property  of  about  $300,000. 

Andover  township  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Mer- 
rimap  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Lowell  <t  Lawrence 
Railroad.  It  has  2  woollen-factories,  2  flax-mills,  and  9 
churches.  It  contains  also  villages  named  Ballard  Vale, 
Frye  Village,  and  West  Andover  Village.  From  Lowell 
Junction,  within  the  limits  of  this  town,  the  Lowell  & 
Andover  Railroad  extends  10  miles  to  Lowell.  Pop.  in 
1880,  5169;  in  1890,  6142. 

Andover,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co..  Mo.,  18  miles 
from  Leon,  Iowa. 

Audover,  a  post-township  of  Merrimac  eo.,  N.H.,  about 
24  miles  N.W.  of  Concord,  is  contiguous  to  Mount  Kearsarge. 
It  has  manufactures  of  carriages,  lumber,  paper,  ic,  and  3 
churches.  Pop.  1206.  It  contains  villages  named  Andover, 
Potter  Place,  and  West  Andover.  Andover  Post-Oflice  is 
on  the  Northern  Railroad,  29  miles  from  Concord. 

Andover,  a  post- village  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  in  Andover 
township,  on  the  Sussex  and  the  Lehigh  &  Hudson  Rail- 
roads, 5  miles  S.  of  Newton.   It  has  2  churches,  an  academy. 


AND 


497 


AND 


several  stores,  a  shoe  manufactory,  and  other  business  oon- 
cerns.  In  the  township  are  also  limestone-quarries  and 
iron-mines.     Pop.  of  township  in  1890,  1126. 

Andover^  a  post-village  of  Allcghanj'  co.,  N.Y.,  in  An- 
dover  township,  and  on  the  Erie  Rjiilroad,  76  miles  W.  of 
Eliuira,  and  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Belmont.  It  has  3  or  4 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  grist-mill,  tan- 
.nery,  foundry,  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and  furniture. 
Pop.  about  SOU;  of  township,  1983. 

Andover,  a  post-village  of  Ashtabula  co,,  0.,  in  An- 
dovor  township,  at  the  junction  of  two  railroads,  13  miles 
S.E.  of  Jefferson,  and  38  miles  N.  of  Youngstown.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  manufactures  of  wrought- 
iron  fence,  furniture,  crates,  <fcc.,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Pop.  (1890)  733;  of  township,  1519. 

Andover,  an  incorporated  post-town  of  Day  co.,  S.D., 
in  a  fine  agricultural  section,  at  the  junction  of  two  rail- 
roads, 29  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Aberdeen.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  graded  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  in  1890, 
232;  of  township,  666. 


Andover,  a  post-township  of  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  about  28 

bcr-mills."   Pop.  688. 


miles  S.  by  E.  of  Rutland. 


has  2  churches  and  2  lum- 


Andover,  or  Tobique,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co.. 
New  Brunswick,  on  the  river  St.  John,  opposite  the  mouth 
of  the  Tobique  River,  50  miles  N.  of  Woodstock.  Steamers 
ply  between  Andover  and  Woodstock.     Pop.  400, 

Andragery,  a  river  of  Sumatra.    See  Indragiri. 

Andraix,  &n-dri'6ii,  Andrache,  &n-drach,  or  An- 
draig,  a  toAvn  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Majorca,  8  miles 
B.S.W.  of  Palma.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Andrapa,  the  ancient  name  of  Kir-Shehr. 

Andrarum,  in'dr3,-r6om,  a  town  of  Sweden,  26  mile? 
S.  by  W.  of  Christianstad,  with  alum-works.     Pop.  460. 

Andrava  (in-dri'vi)  Bay,  Madagascar,  E.  coast,  about 
60  miles  S.E.  of  Cape  Amber.  Lat.  (Berry  Head)  12°  ofi' 
8"  S. ;  Ion.  49°  56'  6"  E. 

Andreanov  (in-dri-in'ov)  or  Audrcno'vian  Is- 
lands, a  group  of  thirty  islands  in  the  North  Pacific,  be- 
longing to  the  United  States,  and  forming  the  central 
division  of  the  Aleutian  Islands.     Lat.  52°  57'  N. 

Andrcasberg,  in-dri'is-bfiRC^,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Hanover,  in  the  Harz  Mountains,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Elbin- 
gerode,  on  the  declivity  of  the  Andreasberg,  at  the  S.  foot 
of  the  Brocken,  1936  feet  above  the  sea.  It  owes  its  origin 
to  the  mines  of  iron,  silver,  lead,  copper,  cobalt,  and  arsenic, 
which  exist  in  the  neighborhood.     Pop.  3321. 

Andreeva,  in-dri'd-vi'  For  Enderi,  6n'der-ee',  a  town 
of  Russia  (Caucasus),  40  miles  S.  of  Kizliar.  It  is  tlie  prin- 
cipal town  of  a  Tartar  district,  loosely  governed  by  chiefs, 
but  really  subject  to  Russia.  There  are  here  some  Moslem 
seminaries.     Pop.  of  town,  about  12,000, 

Andreiev,  Andreief,  or  Andrejew,  in-dri-y8v',  a 
village  of  Russian  Poland,  government  of  Kielce.   P,  2540. 

Andrenovian  Islands.    See  Andreanov. 

Andretta,  in'drfit'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Apen- 
nines, province  and  33  miles  E.  of  Avellino.     Pop.  4372. 

An'drew,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Missouri,  has 
an  area  of  about  430  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W. 
by  the  Nodaway  River,  and  on  the  S.AV.  by  the  Missouri, 
and  is  also  drained  by  the  Platte  River,  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating ;  the  soil  is  productive.  It  contains  large  forests 
of  hard  timber,  including  the  ash,  elm,  hickory,  oak,  and 
sugar-maple.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  live-stock  are 
the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Kansas  City, 
St.  Joseph  &  Council  Bluffs  Railroad.  Capital,  Savannah. 
Pop.  in  1870,  15,137;  in  1880,  16,318;  in  1890,  16,000. 

Andrew,  a  post-town  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa,  in  Perry 
township,  about  27  miles  S.  of  Dubuque.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  Lutheran  orphan  asylum,  several  stores,  and  manufac- 
t^ires  of  dairy  products,  lumber,  carriages,  &o.     Pop.  350. 

Andrew  Chapel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Tenn., 
about  15  miles  W.  of  Jackson. 

An'drews,  a  county  of  Texas,  bounded  W.  by  the  S.E. 
extremity  of  New  Mexico.  It  is  a  part  of  the  Llano  Esta- 
cado.  Its  surface  is  dotted  with  salt  and  alkaline  lakes. 
Chief  town,  Bernice. 

Andrews,  a  station  of  Los  Angeles  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  29  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Los  Angeles. 

Andrews,  a  post-town  of  Huntington  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Wabiish  River,  and  on  a  division  of  the  Wabash  Railroad, 
7  miles  W.  of  Huntington.  It  has  4  churches  and  manu- 
factures of  staves  and  lumber.  Pop.  1565. 
'  Andrews,  a  station  in  Camden  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Wil- 
liiimstown  Railroad,  5i  miles  S.W.  of  Ateo. 

Andrews,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morrow  co.,  0.,  in  Congress 
township,  48  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Columbus.   It  has  a  church. 


Andrews,  a  post-hamlet  of  Spotfsylvania  co,,  Va.,  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Spottsylvania  Court- House. 

An'drews  In'stitute,  a  post  hamlet  of  De  Kalb  00i> 
Ala.,  about  10  miles  S.  of  Fort  Payne  and  4  miles  from 
CoUinsville  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church,  and  a 
school  called  Andrews  Institute. 

An'drews  Set'tlement,  a  post-hamlet  of  Potter  co.. 
Pa.,  10  miles  N,  of  Coudersport.  It  has  several  stores  and 
other  business  concerns.     Pop.  about  150. 

Andrews,  St.,  Scotland.    See  Saint  Andrews. 
An'drewsviile,  a  mining  locality  in  Carbon  co..  Pa., 
9  miles  W.  of  Mauch  Chunk,  on  the  Lehigh  Coal  &  Navi- 
gation Co.'s  Railroad. 

Andrewsvilie,  a  post-village  in  Lanark  co.,  Ontario, 
2i  miles  from  Merrickville.     Pop.  100. 

Andreze,  6No*dr§h'zA',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Maine-et-Loire,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cholet.     Pop.  1400. 

Andria,  in'dre-d,  a  town  of  Italy,  30  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Bari.     It  is  built  on  a  plain,  is  the  seat  of  a  bishop,  and  has 
a  fine  old  cathedral,  a  college,  and  nionts  de  pieti.     It  has  a 
trade  in  almonds.     Pop.  34,063. 
Andrichau,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Andrychow. 
Andrinopie,  the  French  for  Adrianople. 
Andritz,  .\n-dreets',  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Styria,  3 
miles  N.  of  UriLtz.     Pop.  1767. 

Andritzena,  4u-drit-si'nJl,  a  town  of  Greece,  in  Mcs- 
senia,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Kyparissia.  Pop.,  with  vicinity,  7345. 
Andro,  in'dro,  or  Andros,  in'dros,  an  island  of  the 
Greek  Archipelago,  the  northernmost  of  the  Cyclades,  is  25 
miles  long  and  6  miles  broad,  mountainous  and  fertile. 
Chief  town,  Andro ;  but  the  best  port  is  Gaurion,  or  Gaurio, 
on  the  W,     Pop.  19,674. 

Andro,  Andros,  or  Cas'tro,  a  town  of  Greece,  capi- 
tal of  the  island  and  eparchy  of  Andro,  on  the  E.  coast.  It  is 
the  see  of  Greek  and  Catholic  bishops;  has  a  spacious  port 
for  small  craft,  and  manufactures  silks  and  carpets,  P.  6000. 
An  'droscog'giu,  a  river  of  the  United  States,  is  formed 
by  the  junction  of  the  Magalloway  River  and  the  outlet  of 
Umbagog  Lake.  It  runs  southward  through  part  of  Coo8 
CO.,  N.II.,  crosses  the  western  boundary  of  Maine,  and 
runs  nearly  eastward  through  Oxford  co.  It  afterwards 
flows  southward  through  Androscoggin  co.  and  enters  the 
Kennebec  River  about  18  miles  from  its  mouth  and  5 
miles  above  Bath.  Its  length  is  about  160  miles ;  drainage- 
area,  3600  square  miles.  Total  fall  of  Androscoggin  proper, 
1256  feet;  mean  discharge,  15,000,000  cubic  feet  per  hour. 
Androscoggin,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Maine, 
has  an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Androscoggin  River,  which  atfords  extensive  water- 
power,  and  it  contains  several  small  lakes.  A  large  portion 
of  the  county  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  product- 
ive. Butter,  hay,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products  of 
the  land.  The  inhabitants  are  extensively  engaged  in  ther 
manufacture  of  cotton  and  woollen  goods  and  shoes.  The 
county  is  intersected  by  several  divisions  of  the  Maine  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  and  also  traversed  by  the  Grand  Trunk  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Auburn.  Lewiston  is  the  largest  city,  besides 
which  there  are  several  important  manufacturing  towns. 
Pop.  in  1870,  35,866;  in  1880,  45,042;  in  1890,  48,968. 

Andros  Island,  one  of  the  IBahamas,  is  90  miles  long 
and  from  10  to  40  miles  broad.  It  is  generally  low  and 
swampy,  and  is  subject  to  some  extent  to  overflow  from  the 
sea,  but  is  well  timbered,  and  exports  wood  and  sponges.  It 
is  often  spoken  of  as  a  group  of  islands,  since  the  lagoons  and 
marshes  divide  it  into  three  principal  and  many  minor  parts. 
Pop.  1366,  mostly  living  at  lied  Bay,  in  the  N. 

Andros  Island,  a  fertile  island  of  4000  acres  in  the 
delta  of  the  San  Joaquin  and  Sacramento  Rivers,  Sacra- 
mento CO.,  Cal.  The  island  has  been  diked  against  floods. 
Post-Office,  Isleton. 

Androussa,  Andrusa,  Jln-droo'sS.,  or  Audoros'sa* 

a  town  of  Greece,  in  Messenia,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Kalamata. 

AndrychoAV,  in-dree'icov,  or   Andrichau,  in'dre- 

Kow\  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Galicia,  6  miles  AV.  of  Wadowice, 

on  the  Wicprz.     Pop.  3766,  with  manufactures  of  linen. 

Andujar,  or  Anduxar,  in-doo'nar  (anc,  IllitHr'yis), 
a  town  of  Spain,  on  a  railway,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Jaen,  at 
the  foot  of  the  Sierra  Morena,  on  the  Guadalquivir.  A  fine 
road,  lined  with  trees,  leads  to  the  river.  Some  export  trade 
is  done  in  grain,  fruit,  and  cattle,  and  in  immense  numbers 
of  porous  pitchers,  bottles,  and  jars  for  cooling  water.  It 
is  an  unhealthy  town,  experiencing  great  extremes  of  heat 
and  cold.     Pop.  15,865. 

An^dulo',  a  country  of  Africa,  between  lat.  9°  40'  and 
11°  10'  S.  and  Ion.  16°  50'  and  17°  40'  E.  Area,  2400 
square  miles.  Pop.  40,000.  It  has  great  undulating  plains, 
with  much  forest,  and  its  peaceful  and  thrifty  inhabitants 


AND 


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•xport  wax  and  ivory.  Tb«  obief  river,  tlie  Biilo,  deneendg 
from  tho  Ituluin-Uulu  Steppe,  and  flows  N.  to  l)ie  Kulata, 
»  principal  affluent  of  the  Omnia. 

Anduzc,  &if»MUi',  »  town  of  France,  department  of 
Gard,  on  the  Uardon  d'Anduce,  5}  miles  S.W.  of  Aluis. 
Pop.  5.'tU.'<.     It  has  uianufiictories  of  huts,  silk  twist,  <to. 

An'dy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wetzel  co.,  W.  Va.,  6  miles  N.E. 
of  New  Martinsville. 

Ancgadilt  &-n&-g&'di  (Sp.  for  "drowned"  island),  the 
northornmovt  of  the  Virgin  Islands,  liritisb  We!>t  Indies. 
Area,  IH  square  miles.  It  is  low  and  flat,  10  miles  long  and 
very  narrow.  Much  of  its  surface  is  liable  to  be  washud  l>y 
heavy  seas.  It  is  surrounded  l)y  dangerous  reefs,  and  pro- 
duces some  salt.  Pop.  380,  mostly  wreckers.  Lat.  19°  N.; 
Ion.  between  64°  and  66°  W. 

Aueimudi,  or  Aneimadi.   See  Anauullat  Hills. 

Ancityum  Island,  in  the  Pacific.    See  Amnatov. 

An^ekallu'f  An^koolS  or  An4kal%  a  town  of 
India,  in  Mysore,  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bangalore.     Pop.  6612. 

Anesus,  the  ancient  name  of  the  river  Enns. 

Anct,  &'n4',  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Eure- 
et-Loir,  fl  miles  N.E.  of  Dreux,  between  the  Eure  and  the 
Vesgre.  Pop.  1418.  Near  it  is  Ivry,  where  Henry  IV.,  in 
1690,  gained  m  victory  over  the  armies  of  the  League. 

Anet,  &'n4'  (Ger.  /»«),  a  village  of  Switzerland,  22 
miles  W.N.W.  from  Berne.     Pop.  1541. 

Anfe,  in'ffth,  a  small  port  of  Morocco,  S.W.  of  Sale. 

Angam,  an  island  in  the  Persian  Gulf.     See  Anoauu. 

Angara,  &ng-g3,-r&',  a  large  river  of  Siberia,  issues  from 
Lake  Baikal,  at  lat.  51°  30'  N.,  Ion.  102°  45'  E.,  and,  pass- 
ing the  town  of  Irkootsk,  pursues  a  N.  and  W.  course  for 
about  1000  miles,  and  falls  into  the  Yenisei.  One  of  the 
tributaries  of  Lake  Baikal  is  called  the  Upper  Angara. 

Angaraes,  in-gi-ri'ds,  a  town  of  Peru,  capital  of  a 
province  of  its  own  name,  department  of  Iluancavelica. 

Angaum,  &n-gawm',  or  Angam,  &n-g&m',  called  also 
Angarandllengam^an  inhabited  island  at  the  entrance 
of  the  Persian  Gulf.  Lat.  26°  37'  N. ;  Ion.  56°  54'  E.  It 
is  from  6  to  8  miles  long. 

Angaziya,  or  Angazjja,  in-gl-zee'yi,  or  Great 
Comoro,  the  largest  of  tho  Comoro  Islands.    See  Comoro. 

Angecourt,  6.vzh*koon',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Ardennes,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Sedan.     Pop.  650. 

Ange  Gardien,  6Nzh  gir'd§-6N»',  a  post-village  and 
parish  in  Montmorency  co.,  Quebec,  Canada,  on  tho  N.  shore 
of  the  St.  Lawrence,  10  miles  below  Quebec.     Pop.  1049. 

Ange  Gardien,  Rouville  co.,  Quebec.  See  CANnoBEiiT. 

Angeja,  &n-zh&'zh&,  a  town  of  Portugal,  Bcira,  6  miles 
N.E.  of  Aveiro.     Pop.  2125. 

Angeles,  California.     See  Los  Angeles. 

Angeles,  a  town  of  Chili.    See  Los  Angeles. 

Angelica,  an-jel'j-ka,  a  post-village,  one  of  the  capi- 
tals of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  is  in  Angelica  township,  on  a 
creek  of  the  same  name,  about  60  miles  S.E.  of  Buffalo,  and 
20  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Hornellsville.  It  contains  6  churches, 
an  academy,  a  national  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  tannery, 
a  paper-mill,  grist-mill,  county  court-house,  jnil,  Ac.  Pop. 
963;  of  the  township,  1749.  The  Genesee  River  runs 
through  the  township. 

Angelica,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  eft.,  Pa.,  about  5 
miles  S.  of  Reading. 

Angelica,  a  station  in  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Kams 
City  <fe  Butler  Railroad,  IJ  miles  from  Karns  City. 

Angelica,  a  post-township  of  Shawano  co.,  Wis.,  about 
20  miles  N.W.  of  the  city  of  Green  Bay.  It  has  4  large 
lumber-mills.     Pop.  236. 

Angelina,  an'jel-e'na,  a  river  in  the  E.  part  of  Texas, 
rises  in  Smith  county,  flows  in  a  S.S.E.  direction,  forms  the 
boundary  between  Angelina  and  Nacogdoches  counties,  and 
enters  the  Neches  River  about  13  miles  N.E.  of  Woodville. 
Length  estimated  at  150  miles. 

Angelina,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Texas,  haa  an 
area  of  about  1000  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  tho  N.E. 
by  the  Angelina  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Neches. 
The  surface  is  undulating  and  mostly  covered  with  forests; 
the  soil  is  fertile.  This  county  is  traversed  by  two  rail- 
roads, which  meet  at  Luf  kin.  Cotton,  maize,  pork,  &e,, 
are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Homer.  Pop.  in  1870, 
8985;  in  1880,  5239;  in  1890,  6306. 

Angel  Island,  a  post-office  and  military  post  (Camp 
Koynolds)  of  Marin  co.,  Cal.,  on  a  small  island  in  the  harbor 
of  San  Francisco,  2  miles  from  Saucclito  Station. 

Angcllas,  the  ancient  name  of  Iznajar. 

An'gell's  Cor'ners,  a  hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  K.Y.,  4 
Biles  from  Clyde. 

An'gellville,hamlct,  Mooers  township,  Clinton  CO.,  N.Y. 

Angeln,  &ng'dln,  a  fertile  district  of  Prussia,  in  Sles- 


wlok,  between  the  Slcy  and  the  Flensburg  Fiord,  Is  sup. 
posed  to  take  its  name  from  tho  Anglos,  a  Low-German 
people  who  colonized  and  gave  its  name  to  England.  The 
inhabitants  speak  Danish,  and  are  a  hardy  and  industrious 
race.     Pop.  38,000. 

An'gcio,  a  township  of  Monroe  oo.,  Wis.     Pop.  681. 

Angel  Peak,  Andes  Mountains.     See  Andes. 

An'gel's,  a  township  of  Caliiveras  co.,  Cal.    Pop.  1718. 

Angel's  Camp,  a  post-village  of  Ciilaverns  co.,  Cal., 
in  a  fine  fruit-growing  region,  about  15  miles  N.W.  of  So- 
nora.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  rich  mints 
of  gold-bearing  quartz,  whose  output  averages  $1,000,000 
annually.     Pop.  in  1890,  917. 

Angera,  &n-j&'i'&,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  E.  shore  of 
Lago  Maggiore,  38  miles  N.W.  of  Milan,  with  ruins  of  a 
castle,  and  numerous  Roman  antiquities.  The  vicinity  fur- 
nishes the  wine  called  rScca.     Pop.  2484. 

Angerap,  &n'gQ,-rip\  a  river  of  Eastern  Prussia,  rises 
in  tho  Maucrsec,  pasi^es  Angcrburg,  and  at  Insterburg  juins 
the  Inster  to  form  the  Piegel. 

Angerbnrg,  ing'^r-bOdiio^  a  town  of  Prussia,  30  miles 
S.W.  of  Gumbinnon,  on  the  Mauersee.  It  has  normal  and 
deaf-mute  schools.     Pop.  4007. 

Angerlo,  &ng'nor-lo^,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  0 
miles  E.  of  Arnhem.     Pop.  1671. 

Angcrmann,  ong'^r-m&n,  a  river  of  Sweden,  rises 
near  the  border  of  Norway,  and,  flowing  S.E.,  enters  the 
Gulf  of  Bothnia,  N.  of  Ilernosand.     Length,  120  miles. 

Angermannland,  ong'^r-min-l&nd,  or  Angerma> 
nia,  an  old  province  of  Sweden,  now  part  of* tho  province 
of  Ilernosand. 

AngcrmiJnde,  Ang'^r-mlin'd^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  42 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Berlin,  on  Lake  Miinde.     Pop.  5569. 

Angern,  Ing'^rn,  a  village  of  Prussian  Saxony,  17  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Magdeburg.     Pop.  1150. 

An^gero'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  W.  Va., 
about  36  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Parkcrsburg,  and  5  miles  from 
the  Ohio  River.     It  has  a  church,  grist-mill,  saw-mill,  Ac. 

Angers,  an'j^rz,  formerly  written  Angiers,  Fr.  pron. 
ftN"^zhA'  (ano.  Jiiliom'af/iit),  a  fortified  city  of  France,  ciipi- 
UA  of  tho  department  of  Maine-et- Loire,  on  tho  Maine,  just 
below  the  junction  of  the  Sartho  and  the  Mayenno,  and  4 
miles  N.  of  its  junction  with  the  Loire,  on  the  railway  from 
Tours  to  Nantes,  190  miles  S.W.  of  Paris.  Lat.  of  cathedral, 
47°  28'  17"  N. ;  Ion.  0°  33'  10"  W.  Among  its  structures  are 
tho  ruins  of  a  castle,  once  the  stronghold  of  tho  Dukes  of 
Anjou,  now  a  powder-magazine,  several  fine  old  churches  and 
dwellings,  tho  cathedral,  vestiges  of  a  Roman  aqueduct,  tho 
Hospice  St.  Jean,  founded  by  Henry  II.  of  England,  and 
tho  tower  of  St.  Austin.  The  Maine  divides  Angers  into  an 
upper  and  a  lower  town,  and  its  old  walls  are  converted  into 
boulevards,  planted  with  trees  and  lined  with  handsome 
housed.  It  has  several  rich  museums,  a  library  of  45,000 
volumes,  a  school  of  arts  and  trades,  a  school  of  painting,  » 
conservatory  of  music,  and  many  professional  and  other 
schools.  It  is  a  bishop's  sec,  and  is  the  seat  of  several 
learned  societies  of  high  repute.  It  has  manufactories  of 
linen  and  woollen  stuffs,  cotton  and  silk  twist,  and  hosiery, 
sugar  and  wa.x  refineries,  tanneries,  and  a  trade  in  wine, 
corn,  and  slates.  Bernier  the  traveller  and  David  the 
sculptor  were  natives  of  Angers.  The  population  was,  in 
1670,  about  50,000.  After  the  revocation  of  the  edict  of 
Nantes  it  gradually  declined,  ;>nd  in  1789,  before  the 
revolution,  was  27,596.  Since  1815  the  prosperity  of  the 
city  hivs  revived.     Pop.  in  1881,  68,041 ;  in  1891,  72,669. 

Angers,  dso^zhi',  a  post-village  in  Ottawa  co.,  Quebeo, 
on  the  Ottawa  River,  14  miles  from  Ottawa.     Pop.  250. 

Angerville,  6N°'zh5r'veel',  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Seine-et-Oise,  on  the  railway  from  Paris  to  Orleans, 
11  miles  S.W.  of  Etampes.     Pop.  1560. 

Angerville,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Seine- 
Inffiricure,  near  Havre.     Pop.  1025. 

Angerville,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Seine- 
Inf6rieure,  near  Yvetot.     Pop.  1346. 

Angey  Kyoong,  in'jo  ke-oong',  an  island  of  India,  on 
tho  Aracan  coast,  in  Hunter's  Bay,  is  18  miles  long  nnd  3 
miles  wide.  It  is  densely  wooded,  high,  and  uninhabited. 
Lat.  19°  47'-20°  4'  N.;  Ion.  93°  10'  E, 

Anghiari,  in-ghe-J.'re  (ano.  Cas'trum  Angitla'ref),  a 
town  of  Italy,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Arezzo.     Pop.  7064. 

Anghiari,  or  Angiari,  a  village  of  Italy,  on  tho 
Adige,  2  miles  N.N.W.  of  Legnago.     Pop.  2132. 

Angicos,  4n-zhce'koce,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  of 
Rio  Grande  do  Norte,  near  the  Conchas,  about  30  miles  from 
its  mouth.     Pop.  of  the  district,  2000. 

Angier,  a  town  of  the  East  Indies.    See  Anjek. 

Angiers,  a  town  of  France.    See  Angers. 


Axa 


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Angistri,   in-jis'tree,   or  Ankistri,   in-kig'tree,   an 
j   bland  in  the  Gulf  of  iEgina,  5  miles  S.W.  of  ^gina. 
'       Ang'kor',  a  town  of  Siamese  Cambodia,  capital  of  a 
i   province  of  the  same  name,  is  5  miles  N.  of  the  famous 
■    ruins  of  Angkor-  or  Nakhor-Vat. 

Anglais,  the  French  for  EsGLisn  and  Engmshmax. 

Angle,  6s"'g'l,  a  mountain  of  France,  department  of 
Puy-dc-Domc,  near  which  are  the  springs  of  Mont  d'Or. 

Angles,  bti'^gMa',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Tarn,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Castres.     Pop.  2680. 

Anglesey,  or  Anglesea,  ang'g'1-see  (anc.  Mo'na),  an 
Island  and  county  of  Wales,  in  the  Irish  Sea,  connected  with 
the  county  of  Carnarvon  by  bridges  across  Menai  Strait.  It 
is  20  miles  long  and  17  miles  broad.  Pop.  51,040.  The  soil  is 
mostly  fertile,  and  tolerably  well  cultivated  for  wheat,  bar- 
ley, and  oats,  which,  with  cattle,  fish,  copper,  and  lead,  are 
exported  to  Liverpool,  &e.  Menai  Strait  is  crossed  by  a 
magnificent  suspension-bridge,  580  feet  between  the  piers 
and  100  feet  above  low-water  mark,  and  by  the  great  Bri- 
tannia tubular  bridge,  for  the  conveyance  of  railway  trains. 
Anglesea  is  the  Mo'na  of  Tacitus,  who  represents  it  as  the 
chief  seat  of  the  Druids  in  Britain,  and  it  has  numerous 
prehistoric  remains. 

Anglesey,  a  mining  village  of  Anglesey  co.,  Victoria, 
Australia,  on  the  river  Goulbum.  Lat.  37°  12'  S. ;  Ion. 
145°  43'  E.     Pop.  1030. 

Anglct,  6N«*glA',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Basses-Pyr6nces,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Bayonne.     Pop.  3780. 

Anglcterre,  the  French  name  of  E.nglasd. 

Angleur,  ftxo'glur',  a  village  of  Belgium,  3  miles  S.E. 
of  Liege,  lies  between  the  Meuse  and  Ourthe.     Pop.  1870. 

Angoissc,  6N»^gwice',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Dordogne,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Nontron.     Pop.  1130. 

Angol,  3.n-gol',  a  town  of  Chili,  capital  of  the  province 
of  Malleco,  115  miles  S.E.  of  Conoepcion,  is  connected  by 
railway  with  San  Rosendo,  60  miles  distant.     Pop.  19,095. 

Angola,  an-go'la,  formerly  Don'go  or  Anibonde, 
Sm-bon'(li,  a  Portuguese  colony  on  the  W.  coast  of  Africa, 
exteniling  from  about  lat.  5°  S.,  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Congo  River,  (o  the  river  Cunene,  in  lat.  17°  S.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Congo  Free  State.  The  coun- 
try is  flat  and  sterile  along  the  coast,  but  moderately  moun- 
tainous in  the  interior.  It  is  copiously  watered  by  various 
rivers,  with  their  numerous  tributaries.  Among  the  former 
are  the  Coanza,  the  Bengo,  and  the  Danda.  The  nights  are 
cool,  and  the  dews  suflSciently  copious  to  promote  vegetation. 
Iron  ore  is  found  in  various  parts  of  the  country  ;  gold  and 
copper  also  exist,  but  the  main  exports  consist  of  palm-oil, 
coffee,  gum,  and  ivory.  Angola  long  possessed  an  infamous 
notoriety  for  the  extent  of  its  slave-trade.  The  coast  of 
Angola  was  discovered  in  1486  by  the  Portuguese,  who  soon 
after  began  to  form  settlements  on  the  Congo  and  at  vari- 
ous points  S.  of  that  river.  They  have  a  number  of  forts 
and  commercial  establishments  at  different  places,  in  some 
instances  several  hundreds  of  miles  in  the  interior,  where 
the  Portuguese  colonists  and  natives  meet  for  the  purpose 
of  trading.  Since  1887,  when  the  colony  was  enlarged  by 
a  treaty  with  the  Congo  Free  State,  Angola  consists  of 
4  districts, — Congo,  Ambriz,  Benguela,  and  Mossamedes. 
Area,  600,000  square  miles.     Pop,  11,060,000. 

Angola,  an-go'lah,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  Del., 
on  or  near  the  sea,  about  44  miles  S.  by  E.  from  Dover. 

Angola,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Steuben  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Pleasant  township,  42  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Fort  Wayne. 
It  has  3  churches,  3  banks,  a  normal  school,  and  a  machine- 
shop.     Two  weekly  papers  are  issued  here.     Pop.  18-10. 

Angola,  a  post-village  of  AVest  Feliciana  parish.  La., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  60  miles  below  Natchex, 
Miss.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  300. 

Angola,  a  post-village  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Evans 
township,  21  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Buffalo,  and  about  2 
miles  from  Lake  Erie.  It  has  2  churches,  a  union  school,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  furniture. 
Bash,  blinds,  <fec.     Pop.  600. 

Angola,  a  post-hamlet  of  Onslow  co.,  N.C.,  12  miles 
S.W.  of  Jacksonville. 

Angola  Bay  Swamp,  an  extensive  marsh  in  New 
Hanover,  Duplin,  and  Onslow  cos.,  N.C.,  separated  on  the 
S.  by  Holly  Shelter  Creek  from  the  Holly  Shelter  Swamp. 

Angolalla,  in-go-iai'li,  or  Augolala,  a  town  of 
Abyssinia,  in  Shoa,  17  miles  W.  of  Ankober.  It  holds  the 
second  rank  as  the  favorite  residence  of  the  sovereign. 

Angool,  Angul,  or  Ungool,  un-gool',  a  native  state 
of  Orissa,  India,  under  British  control,  bounded  N.  by  the 
Central  Provinces,  E.  by  Talcher  and  Ilindole,  S.  by  Nur- 
sinhpoor,  S.AV.  by  the  Mahanuddy,  and  W.  by  AthmuUik. 
Area,  811  square  miles.     Pop.  78,374.     Capital,  Angool. 


Angora,  an-go'ra  or  an-goo'ra  (Turk.  Engoor  or  Engour, 
6n-gooR' ;  anc.  A»cy'ra),  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  215  milea 
E.S.E.  of  Constantinople.  Lat.  40°  29'  N.;  Ion.  33°  20'  E. 
It  is  surrounded  with  ruined  walls,  and  contiiins  a  dilapi- 
dated castle.  There  are  17  or  18  khans,  and  a  market-placo, 
once  handsome,  but  now  in  ruins,  considerable  remains  of 
Byzantine  architecture,  and  a  few  relics  of  earlier  times, 
both  Greek  and  Roman.  Angora  is  celebrated  for  the  long- 
haired goats  bred  in  its  vicinity,  the  wool  of  which  is  largely 
exported.  The  items  of  export  next  in  importance  are  me- 
rino twist  and  goats'  hides,  dyestuflFs,  mastic,  tragacanth, 
and  other  gums ;  also  honey  and  wax.  Angora  is  the  scat 
of  a  Greek  and  a  Catholic  Armenian  bishop.  The  po])ula- 
tion  has  been  variously  estimated,  but  is  probably  about 
35,000,  of  whom  nearly  10,000  are  Greeks  and  Armenians. 
Angora,  a  mountainous  vilayet  or  province  of  Turkey, 
in  Asia  Minor,  divided  into  16  districts.  It  has  many  fer- 
tile valleys,  exports  mohair  (sheared  from  the  famous  An- 
gora goats),  wool,  gum  tragacanth,  opium,  and  yellow-ber- 
ries. Area,  26,650  square  miles.  Capital,  Angora.  The 
population,  which  in  1864  numbered  514,080,  was  much 
diminished  by  the  famines  of  1874-76. 

Ango'ra,  a  station  on  the  West  Chester  &  Philadelphia 
Railroad,  3  miles  from  West  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Angornoo,  Angornou,  or  Angorna,  in-gor-noo', 
written  also  AngornoAV,  a  town  of  Borneo,  Central  Africa, 
15  miles  S.E.  of  Kooka,  near  the  W.  bank  of  Lake  Chad. 
Pop.  30,000.  Though  only  a  straggling  collection  of  mud 
cabins,  it  is  the  centre  of  a  large  trade  in  slaves,  cotton, 
amber,  coral,  metals,  cfcc. 

Angosta,  in-gos'ti,  Angozha,  Angoxa,  !ln-go'- 
sha.  or  Angoche,  in-go'shi,  a  small  country  of  East  Africa, 
cliiimod  by  Portugal,  has  a  coast-line  of  90  miles,  and  lies 
chiefly  in  the  valley  of  a  river  of  the  same  name,  which  ia 
navigable  180  miles.  It  produces  cocoa  and  sesame  oils, 
coir,  peanuts,  ivory,  copal,  and  archil.  Capital,  Angosta,  a 
town  of  1000  inhabitiints,  on  the  river  Angosta,  12  miles 
from  the  sea,  lat.  16°  S.,  Ion.  39°  45'  E.  The  people  are 
mostly  Arabs.  Ofif  the  coast  are  the  Angosta  coral  islands, 
small,  low,  and  well  wooded. 

Angostura,  An-gos-too'ri,  now  called  Ciudad  Boli- 
var, se-oo-did'  bo-Iee'van,  an  important  commercial  town 
of  Venezuela,  capital  of  the  state  of  Bolivar.  The  city  is 
situated  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Orinoco  River,  373  miles 
by  water  from  the  sea.  From  the  mouth  of  the  Orinoco  to 
this  city  the  voyage  occupies  from  20  to  25  days;  back 
again,  from  5  to  15  days.  Angostura  exports  cotton,  indigo, 
tobacco,  cofiee,  cattle,  <4c.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop,  and  con- 
tains a  college,  cathedral,  custom-house,  hospital,  masonio 
temple,  Ac.     Pop.  11,686. 

Angouldme,  duo^goo'lSm'  or  ftNoVooMaim'  (anc.  /ncw- 
Un'ma  or  Iculis'ma),  a  city  in  the  W.  of  France,  capital 
of  the  department  of  Charente,  on  the  Charente,  and  on 
a  railway,  66  miles  N.E.  of  Bordeaux.  Pop.  25,116.  It 
is  situated  on  an  isolated  hill,  200  feet  above  the  river,  and, 
being  built  of  white  stone,  has  a  clean,  cheerful  appearance. 
It  has  an  old  castle,  a  cathedral,  court-house,  theatre,  pub- 
lic library,  hospitals,  a  royal  college,  numerous  paper-mills, 
distilleries,  a  cannon-foundry,  manufactures  of  serges  and 
earthenware,  and  an  extensive  trade,  facilitated  by  a  small 
port  on  the  Charente. 

Angoumois,  6N°^goo'mwS,',  an  old  province  of  Franco, 
of  which  the  capital  was  Angoul^me,  now  forming  the  de- 
partment of  Charente  and  part  of  Dordogne. 
Angoxa,  or  Angozha.  See  Angosta. 
Angoy',  or  N'goi'o,  a  small  native  state  of  AVest 
Africa,  bounded  AV.  bj'  the  sea,  and  S.  by  the  river  Congo. 
Chief  towns,  Cabcnda  and  Embomma. 

Angra,  Jng'grS,,  a  Portuguese  word  signifying  a  "  creek," 
"bay,"  or  "station  for  ships." 

Angra,  Ing'gri,  a  seaport  town  belonging  to  Portugal, 
on  the  S.  side  of  Terceii-a,  and  capital  of  the  Azores  Islands. 
Lat.  of  custom-house,  38°  38'  9"  N.;  Ion.  27°  13'  7"  W.  It 
is  well  built  and  regular,  and  its  situation  beautiful.  There 
are  here  magazines  of  stores  for  the  use  of  the  navy,  and 
for  merchant-vessels  in  distress.  Angra  is  the  seat  of  the 
local  government,  and  of  a  bishop's  court,  which  extends  its 
jurisdiction  over  all  the  Azores.  Its  harbor  is  the  only 
good  one  -n  the  island.  Its  chief  exports  are  wine,  grain, 
and  fruits.     Pop.  11,281. 

Angrab,  An-grflb',  a  river  of  Abyssinia,  taking  its  ris& 
in  Dombea,  falls  ir.to  the  Tacazze  in  lat.  14°  20'  N. 

Angra  de  Cintra  (ing'grJ  di  seen'tri)  Bay  is  on  the 

N.AV.  coast  of  Africa.     The  S.  part  of  the  bay  is  in  lat.  22° 

58'  N.,  Ion.  16°  30'  AV.     Its  extent  inland  is  about  4  miles. 

Angra  dos  Reis  (or  Reyes),  ing'gri  doce  rd'^s  (or 

rdze),  a  seaport  of  Brazil,  on  a  bay  of  the  same  name,  7ft 


ANQ 


500 


ANK 


mtlM  W.  of  Rio  Janeiro.    Lat.  23°  4'  8. ;  Ion.  44°  30'  £. 
Th«  bay  affords  anohoraf^e  for  the  largest  vessels. 

Aninti  Pequefka  (or  Pcqucnha),  &ng'gHL  pA-kAn'y4 
(i".«., "  little  bay"),  or  Santa  Cruz,  H&n'tA-orooce,  a  bay  on 
l^e  W.  ooast  of  Africa,  lat.  2B°  38'  18"  S.,  Ion.  15°  E. 

An^frazabad%orEni;lish  Baznnr,  the  chief  town 
of  the  Miildah  dictrict,  Ucnsral,  on  the  W.  banlc  of  the 
Mnhnnanda,  55  miles  N.  of  Moorshediibad.  It  has  a  for- 
tified mafcistrate's  house  and  a  large  trade  in  provisions. 
Pen.  12.860. 

Angrit  An'gree,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  railway  from 
Naples  to  Nocora,  province  and  Hi  miles  N.W.  of  Salerno. 
Ton.  10.332. 

Ani;rogna,  &n-gr5n'y&,  a  town  of  Italy,  37  miles  S.W. 
'if  Turin.     Pop.  2434. 

Ang'iiilint  ang-ghil'li^  (Sp.  Antjuiln,  &n-ghee'l&),  or 
finnke  Island,  one  of  the  British  West  India  islands, 
Leeward  Group,  8  miles  N.  of  St.  Martin.  Area,  35  square 
miles.  Pop.  2773.  Off  its  N.E.  coast  is  the  little  inland 
Angi'ili.ktta. 

Anguil'la,  a  post-town  of  Sharkey  co..  Miss.,  33  miles 
by  mil  S.  of  Elizabeth.     It  has  2  churches. 

Anguillara,  &n-gwil-l&'ril.  a  village  of  Northern  Italy, 
23  miles  S.  of  Padua,  on  tho  Adige.     Pop.  3987. 
.  Anguillara,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  19  miles 
N.W.  of  Rome,  on  Lake  Hracciano.     Pop.  880. 

Angula,  a  town  of  British  India.    See  Ongole. 

Angus,  ang'gus,  the  old  name  of  Forfarshire,  Scotland. 
Its  titular  earldom  belongs  to  the  Duke  of  Hamilton. 

Angus,  ang'gus,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario, 
73  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Toronto.     Pop.  400. 

Angus,  a  coal-mining  town  of  Boone  co.,  Iowa,  49 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Fort  Dodge.  It  has  4  churches  and  a 
bank.    Pop.  1000. 

Anhalt,  in'hilt,  a  duchy  of  Germany,  surrounded  by 
Prussian  territory,  chiefly  between  lat.  51°  and  52°  N.  and 
Ion.  11°  and  13°  E.  Area,  906  square  miles.  It  consists 
of  two  principal  and  four  smaller  parts,  all  detached  from 
one  another.  The  reigning  family  is  one  of  the  oldest  in 
Europe.  The  title  of  Prince  of  Anhalt  was  first  conferred 
in  1213,  and  in  1586  four  ducal  lines  were  established.  The 
line  of  Anhalt-Zerbst  became  extinct  in  1793  ;  that  of  An- 
halt-Kothen  in  1847;  the  male  line  of  Anhalt-Bernburg  in 
1863;  since  which  time  the  former  line  of  Anhalt-Dcssau 
has  ruled  the  reunited  state.  The  country  is  agricultural, 
but  the  mountainous  parts  of  the  W.  afiord  timber  and 
metals.  The  people  are  mostly  Protestants,  and  elect  36 
representatives  to  a  diet.  Chief  towns,  Dessau,  the  capital, 
Bcrnburg,  and  Kothcn.     Pop.  in  1890,  271,956. 

Anhanduhy-Mirim,  An-yin-doo-ee'  me-reeu"',  and 
Anhanduhy- Guazu,  in-yln-doo-ee'  gwS.-zoo',  two 
rivers  in  Brazil,  province  of  Matto-Grosso,  rising  in  the 
Serra  Galhano,  within  22  miles  of  each  other,  and  falling 
into  the  Rio  Vermclho,  the  former  about  lat.  20°  30'  S.,  the 
latter  in  lat.  21°  20'  S. ;  the  course  of  the  one  being  about 
150  miles,  and  that  of  the  other  200  miles. 

Anhemby,  or  Anhembi.    See  Tietb. 

Anholt,  in'hilt,  an  island  of  Denmark,  N.  of  Jutland, 
in  the  Cattegat.  Lat.  of  the  light-house  at  its  N.E.  ex- 
tremity, 56°  44'  17"  N. ;  Ion.  11°  39'  8"  E.  It  is  7  miles 
In  length,  by  4  in  breadth.  Pop.  200. 
.  Anholt,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  on  an  affluent 
of  the  Yssel,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Cleves.  Pop.  1715.  It  is 
the  residence  of  the  Princes  of  Salm-Salm. 

Anhouii,  a  province  of  China.    See  Ngan-Hoei. 

Ani,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Anni. 
.  Aniakchak  (&'ne-ak-chak)  Bay,  Alaska,  enters  the 

?eninsula  of  Aliaska  from  the  S.E.  Lat.  56°  45'  N. ;  Ion. 
57°  W. 

Aniane,  5.'ne-8,n',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
H^rault,  on  the  Corbijrcs,  16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Montpellier. 
Its  old  abbey  is  now  a  prison.  It  has  manufactures  of 
leather,  cottons,  soaps,  essences,  and  chemicals.     Pop.  3312. 

Aniba,  4-ne-b4',  a  small  river  of  Brazilian  Guiana. 
After  a  course  of  100  miles,  it  forms,  with  other  small  afflu- 
ents of  the  Amazon,  the  island  of  Ramos,  in  lat.  2°  36'  S. 

Aniche,  i'neesh',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Nord,  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Douai,  with  extensive  coal-mines, 
glass-works,  sugar-mills,  and  chemical  works.     Pop.  4501. 

Anicuns,  i-ne-koons',  a  small  river  of  Brazil,  province 
of  Goyaz,  rises  in  the  Serra  Escalvada,  and,  after  a  course 
of  about  200  miles,  falls  into  the  Curumba. 

Anieh,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  Anizer. 

Aniene,  a  river  of  Italy.    See  Teveroxe. 

Anilore,  i.-ne-lo'rA.,  a  small  river  of  Brazil,  province 
of  Pari,  falls  into  the  Madeira,  lat.  5°  10'  S.,  Ion.  60°  40' 
W.,  after  a  N.N.W.  course  of  about  130  miles. 


Animally,  or  Animalaya,  India.   See  Anamuli.at. 

An'imas,  a  post-village  of  Lu  Plata  co.,  Cul.,  on  the 
Animas  River,  about  25  miles  S.  of  Silvurton.  It  bus  a 
manufactory  of  coke.     Coal  is  found  near  it. 

Animas  Forks,  a  post-village  of  San  Juan  eo..  Col., 
about  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Silverton.  It  is  surrounded  by 
high  mountains  and  rich  silver-mines.  It  has  conccninition 
works,  2  saw-mills,  a  smelting-furnace,  Ilc.  It  is  chielly 
supported  by  mining  silver. 

Animas  Ilivcr,  or  Rio  Animas,  Col.,  rises  near  th« 
San  Juan  .Mountains,  runs  southward  through  La  Plata  co., 
and  enters  the  Rio  de  San  Juan  in  Taos  co..  New  Mexico. 
It  is  about  150  miles  long,  and  is  a  clear,  rapid  mountain- 
stream.     Coal  is  found  in  the  valley  of  this  river. 

Aniilon,  i-neen-yOn',  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Aragon,  4i 
miles  from  Saragossa.     Pop.  1738. 

Anio,  a  river  of  Italy.     See  Tevekone. 

Anio,  &'ue-o,  or  Agno,  &n'yo,  a  river  of  Italy,  pror. 
ince  of  Casort.-i,  fulls  into  the  Gulf  of  Gaeta. 

Aniooy,  &-ne-oo'i,  or  Aniiy  or  Aniuy,  &n  yoo'i, 
Greater  and  Lesskr,  two  rivers  in  the  N.E.  of  Siboria, 
country  of  the  Chookchecs.  They  each  have  a  northerly 
course  of  250  miles  or  more,  and  join  the  Kolyma  River  at 
nearly  the  same  point. 

Anisus,  the  ancient  name  of  the  river  E.nns. 

Anita,  an-ee'tt^,  a  post-town  of  Cass  co.,  Iowa,  68  miles 
by  rail  W.  by  S.  from  Des  Moines.  It  has  4  churches,  2 
banks,  a  graded  public  school,  and  2  newspaper  offices. 
Pop.  in  1890,  695. 

Auj'wa,  a  post-village  of  Shawano  co..  Wis.,  10  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Antigo,  and  34  miles  direct  N.W.  of  Shawuuo. 
It  has  a  church,  several  saw-mills,  stores,  and  other  busi- 
ness concerns.     Pop.  in  1890,  680. 

Anizeh,  &'nee'zSb,  or  Hanifah,  hi-nce'fa,  a  town  of 
Arabia,  in  Nedjed,  lat.  26°  34'  N.,  Ion.  43°  25'  E.,  at  the 
junction  of  several  caravan  routes,  is  a  place  of  considerable 
commercial  importance.  It  is  the  birthplace  of  Abd-ul- 
Wahab,  founder  of  the  sect  of  Wahabees.  Pop.  about  30,000. 
Anizeh  or  Anezeii  is  also  the  name  of  a  great  Bedouin 
tribe  of  Northern  and  Central  Arabia  and  of  Syria. 

Anjar,  in'jar',  an  uninhabited  island  of  the  Persian 
Gulf,  S.W.  of  kishm.     Lat.  26°  41'  N. ;  Ion.  55°  56'  E. 

AnJar',  a  district  and  fortified  town  of  West  llindo- 
stan,  in  Cutch,  tho  town  and  fort  situated  10  miles  from  the 
Gulf  of  Cutch.     Pop.  of  the  town,  10,000. 

Anjc-Diva,  in-j^h-deo'va,  or  Anjadec'pa,  nn  isl.and 
on  the  Malabar  coast,  in  lat.  14°  45'  N.,  Ion.  74°  15'  E. 
It  is  1  mile  long,  and  belongs  to  Portug.al. 

Anjcnga,  in-jcng'ga,  or  Anjutenga,  jln-joo-teng'ga, 
a  seaport  of  India,  in  Travancore,  about  70  miles  N.  by  W. 
of  Cape  Comorin,  in  lat.  8°  39'  9"  N.,  Ion.  76°  45'  E. 

Anjer,  fi.n'y§r,  written  also  Anjier,  a  seaport  on  the 
W.  coast  of  Java,  in  the  Strait  of  Sunda,  was  totally 
destroyed  in  1883  by  floods,  which  followed  a  volcanic 
eruption  on  the  neighboring  island  of  Krakatoa. 

Anjos,  in'zhoce,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state  of  Rio  Grande 
do  .Sul,  on  a  branch  of  the  Jacuhy.     Pop.  2653. 

Anjou,  nn'joo,  or  an-joo'  (Fr.  pron.  ftso^zhoo'),  an  old 
province  of  France,  intersected  by  the  Loire,  and  now  form- 
ing the  department  of  Maine-et- Loire,  and  parts  of  Sarthe, 
Mayenne,  and  Indre-et-Loire.     Its  capital  was  Angers. 

Anjutenga,  a  town  of  India.    See  Anjenga. 

AnMiapil'ly,  a  considerable  town  of  British  India, 
presidency  of  Madras,  24  miles  W.  of  Vizagapatani, 

Ankara,  &n-ki'ri,  a  country  in  the  N.  end  of  the  island 
of  Madagascar,  extending  on  the  E.  side  of  the  island  from 
Cape  Amber  to  lat.  14°  25'  S.,  and  on  the  W.  side  to  the 
river  Samberanoo.  The  country  is  generally  elevated, 
formed  by  small  hills  and  plateaus,  and  cut  by  deep  ravines. 
The  coasts  are  deeply  indented  with  extensive  well-sheltered 
bays.  Agriculture  and  cattle-raising  arc  the  chief  occupa- 
tions of  the  inhabitants. 

Aukassgerry,  in-kis-gb5r'rec,  or  Ankosgerry,  a 
town  of  Ilindostan,  40  miles  S.E.  of  Bangalore. 

Ankcny,  ang'k§-ne,  a  post-village  and  station  of  Polk 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Des  Moines  &,  Minnesota  Railroad,  11  miles 
N.  of  Des  Moines. 

Ankenytown,  ang'k§-ne-t5wn\  a  station  in  Knox  co., 
0.,  on  the  Sandusky,  Mansfield  &,  Newark  Railroad,  11  mileB 
N.  of  Mt.  Vernon. 

Ankkoui,  a  town  of  Tartary,    See  Andkhoo. 

Anklam,  or  Anclam,  in'klim,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
Pomerania,  47  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Stettin,  on  the  Pecne, 
7  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Stettiner  llaff.    Pop.  11,440. 

Ankleswar,  fin'kli-swur',  Anklesar,  or  Ungley- 
sur,  iin'gli-sur',  a  town  of  India,  district  and  5  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Baroach.     Pop.  9414 


ANK 


501 


ANN 


Ankober,  Ancober,  or  Ankobar,  dn-ko'b^r,  a  town 
of  Abyssinia,  in  Siioa,  on  a  mountain,  near  lat.  9°  34'  N. 
iond  Ion.  39°  53'  E.,  at  an  elevation  of  8198  feet.  Pop.  es- 
timated  at  15,000.  It  consists  of  clustei-s  of  thatched  houses, 
^  enclosed  by  stockades,  and  interspersed  with  trees.  Chief 
'  buildings,  a  royal  residence,  and  several  churches. 
J     Ankoi,  a  town  of  Tartary,     See  Andkhoo. 

Ankova,  in-ko'vJl,  or  Imerina,  e-mi-ree'ni,  a  prov- 
j  ineo  of  Madagascar,  occupying  the  centre  of  the  island,  and 
;  the  most  powerful  of  all  the  states  in  it.  It  is  destitute  of 
'  wood,  and  of  roads  or  other  means  of  conveyance,  a  fact 
I  which  confines  the  consumption  of  its  produce,  chiefly  rice 
1  acd  cotton,  to  the  inhabitants. 

I      Anioo,  in-lo',  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  province  of 
Drenthe,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Assen.     P.,  with  commune,  3073. 

Ann,  a  township  of  Cottonwood  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  202. 

Anna,  in'ni,  or  Ana,  i'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  41  miles 
S.W  of  Valencia.     Pop.  1660. 

Anna,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Axah. 

Anna,  3,n'n§,,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  eo.,  Ark.,  25 
piiks  N.  of  Fort  Smith,  and  near  the  St.  Louis  &  San  Fran- 
cisco Railroad. 

Anna,  a  thriving  post-village  of  Union  co..  III.,  on  the 
Illinois  Central  Railroad,  36  miles  N.  of  Cairo,  and  21  miles 
S.  of  Carbondiile.  It  has  a  bank,  9  churches,  an  academy, 
a  graded  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  pottery,  a  lime-kiln, 
and  a  large  steam  fruit-drying  establishment.  A  state 
lunatic  asylum  with  1000  inmates  is  located  here.  Pop. 
in  1890,  2295. 

Anna,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  0.,  on  the  S.  lino  of 
Dinsuiore  township,  and  on  the  Dayton  &  Michigan  Rail- 
road, 49  miles  N.  of  Dayton,  and  9  miles  N.  of  Sydney.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  steam  roller-process 
flour-mill,  2  hotels,  2  steam  saw-mills,  and  2  grain-ware- 
houses.    Pop.  in  1890,  527. 

Anna,  an  island  of  the  Pacific.    Sec  CunnENT  Island. 

Anna,  a  post-village  of  Collin  co.,  Tex.,  20  miles  by 
rail  S.  by  ^y.  of  Sherman.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  500. 

An'naberg'  (Ger.  pron.  Jn'ni-bSnc^),  a  mining  town 
of  the  kingdom  of  Saxony,  in  Erzgebirge,  on  a  railway,  18 
miles  S.  of  Chemnitz.  Pop.  11,693.  It  has  mines  of  silver, 
tin,  and  cobalt,  manufactories  of  fine  lace  and  silk  ribbons, 
a  lyccum,  and  a  good  library.  Annaberg  is  also  the  namn 
of  numerous  places  throughout  Germany. 

Annabona,  an  African  island.    See  Axnobon. 

Annaburg,  in'ttl-boonc^  a  market-town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  12  miles  N.  of  Torgau,  has  an  asylum  for  soldiers' 
children.     Pop.  1399;  of  the  asylum  and  royal  castle,  485. 

An'nadale,  a  hamlet  in  Westfield  township,  Richmond 
CO.,  N,Y.,  on  the  Staten  Island  Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of 
Edge  water. 

Annagance,  an^na-gans',  a  post-village  in  Kings  co., 
New  Brunswick,  60  miles  by  rail  N.  of  St.  John.    Pop.  100. 

Annagh,  in-ni',  two  islands  of  Ireland,  province  o( 
Connaught,  co.  of  Mayo;  one  between  the  island  of  Acbill 
and  the  mainland,  and  the  other  in  Loch  Conn. 

Annah,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Anah. 

An'naly,  a  township  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  2374. 

An'nam,  or  An'am,  sometimes  called  Co'chin- 
Chi'na,  a  nominal  kingdom  of  southeastern  Asia,  since 
1884  a  French  protectorate,  and  virtually  a  division  of 
French  Indo-China,  is  situiited  on  the  China  Sea,  and  ex- 
tends from  Tonquin  on  the  N.  to  French  Cochin-China  on 
the  S.,  and  from  Siam  and  Cambodia  on  the  W.  to  the  sea 
on  the  E.  It  is  about  90  miles  in  breadtii,  bounded  on  the 
W.  by  a  range  of  barren  mountains.  The  country  for  10 
miles  inland  is  generally  sterile,  but  contains  many  fertile 
spots.  Its  sandy  soil  also  bears  productions  peculiar  to 
this  region  :  the  eagle-wood  attains  greater  perfection  here 
than  anywhere  else.  In  the  more  favored  districts,  grain, 
leguminous  plants,  sugar,  and  cinnamon  are  produced  in 
abundance.  The  coast  is  indented  with  numerous  bays, 
backed  by  mountains  which  rise  to  a  height  of  several 
thousand  feet  and  are  broken  into  innumerable  valleys  and 
ravines.  There  are  a  number  of  rivers,  but  none  of  much 
importance.  Area  of  Annam  proper,  27,020  square  miles, 
besides  which  there  is  a  territory  more  or  less  dependent 
of  19,300  square  miles.  The  population  is  variously  esti- 
mated at  from  2,000,000  to  5,000,000,  the  latter  being  con- 
sidered by  the  best  authorities  the  more  probable  ajiproxi- 
ination  to  the  true  number.  The  inhabitants  are  Annamese 
in  the  towns  and  alonj  the  coast,  but  in  the  hill  tracts  back 
from  the  seas  are  various  tribes  of  Mo'is  of  indigenous 
descent  unmixed  with  Chinese  blood.  In  religion  the 
natives  are  chiefly  Booddhists,  though  there  are  in  Annam 
420,000  Roman  Catholics.     The  mass  of  the  people  are 


subject  to  the  most  abject  superstition.  Veneration  for  the 
departed  dead  is  general ;  and  the  temples  containing  their 
tablets  are  the  most  sacred  spots  of  worship.  There  are 
about  25,000  soldiers,  nearly  one-half  of  whom  are  natives. 
The  language  of  the  country  bears  a  close  resemblance  to 
the  Chinese.  It  is  without  inflection,  and  consists  chiefly 
of  monsyllabic  words,  by  no  means  mellifluous,  which  are 
pronounced  in  high  tones  and  with  great  rapidity  by  the 
natives.  In  writing,  they  use  the  Chinese  character.  Mar- 
riage is  a  matter  of  traffic.  Polygamy  is  allowed,  but  the 
first  espoused  is  considered  the  true  wife. 

By  a  treaty  made  in  1884  and  ratified  in  1886  French 
protection  was  established  over  the  kingdom  of  Annam. 
The  young  prince  Bun  Can  was  proclaimed  king  .lanuary  3, 
1889.  The  ports  of  Turane,  Qui-Nhon,  and  Xuan  Day 
have  been  opened  to  European  commerce,  the  first  named 
having  been  conceded  to  France.  French  troops  occupy 
part  of  the  citadel  of  Hue,  the  capital.  Annameso  func- 
tionaries administer  all  the  internal  affairs  of  the  kingdom. 
A  French  company  was  formed  in  1891  for  working  coal- 
mines at  Turane.  The  chief  productions,  besides  the  cereals 
and  fruits  common  to  South  Asia,  are  cinnamon-bark,  cot- 
ton, sugar,  tea,  coffee,  and  tobacco,  of  which  there  are  con- 
siderable exports.  The  chief  imports  are  rice,  yarns,  opium, 
and  paper,  all  from  Japan  and  China. 

The  territory  comprised  in  the  old  kingdom  of  Annam, 
embracing  the  present  kingdom  of  that  name,  the  province 
of  Tonquin,  and  presumably  the  whole  of  what  is  now 
recognized  as  French  Indo-China,  is  said  to  have  belonged 
to  China  from  234  B.C.  to  1428  A.D.,  when  it  became  an 
Independent  kingdom.  Subsequently  frequent  internal  dis- 
sensions occurred,  resulting  in  the  dismemberment  of  the 
kingdom,  until  in  1787  assistance  was  asked  and  received 
of  France  by  a  dethroned  king,  which  has  resulted  in  the 
estiiblishment  of  French  influence  there  and  the  virtual 
absorption  of  the  kingdom  by  France.  See  French  Indo- 
China. 

Annamaboe,  in  Africa.    See  Anamabok. 

Anna  Mines,  a  station  in  Athens  township,  St.  Clair 
CO.,  III.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Belleville  A  Southern  Illinois 
Railroad,  31  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Louis.     Coal  is  obtained  here. 

An'namoo'ko,  called  also  Namoo'ka,  or  Rot'ter- 
dam  Island,  one  of  the  Friendly  Islands.  Lat.  20°  15' 
S. ;  Ion.  175°  2'  W.  The  people  are  Protestant  Christians, 
and  number  2000. 

An'nan,  a  borough,  seaport,  and  railway  junction  of 
Scotland,  15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Dumfries,  on  a  river  of  the 
same  name,  IJ  miles  from  the  Solway  Firth,  has  cotton- 
mills,  ship-yards,  and  a  coasting-trade.     Pop.  3177. 

An'nandale,  a  post-village  of  Wright  co.,  Minn.,  51 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Minneapolis.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  300. 

Annandale,  a  post-village  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Clinton  township,  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey, 
50  miles  from  Jersey  City,  and  about  30  miles  N.  of  Tren- 
ton. It  has  3  churches,  and  a  manufactory  of  sash  and 
blinds.     Pop.  about  500. 

Annandale,  or  Anandale,  a  post-village  of  Dutchess 
CO.,  N.y.,  is  on  the  Hudson  River,  about  95  miles  N.  of  New 
York,  and  2  miles  from  Barrytown  Station.  Hero  is  St. 
Stephen's  College  (Episcopal).     Pop.  347. 

Annandale,  a  village,  Pennsylvania.    See  Anandalr. 

Annandale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfax  co.,  Va.,  3  miles 
from  Springfield  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Annandale,  or  Grand  River  Wharf,  a  post-vil 
lage  in  Kings  co..  Prince  Edward  Island,  on  Grand  River, 
10  miles  from  Georgetown.     Pop.  150. 

Annap'olis,  a  river  of  Nova  Scotia,  expands  at  its 
mouth  into  a  wide  estuary  and  falls  into  the  Bay  of  Fundy, 
after  a  course  of  about  70  miles.     It  abounds  with  salmon. 

Annap'olis,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co..  III.,  in  Lick- 
ing township,  14  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Robinson.  It  has  a 
church  and  several  stores.     Pop.  about  150. 

Annapolis,  a  post-village  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.,  in  Penn 
township,  about  33  miles  N.N.E.  of  Terrc  Haute.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  pumps  and 
stoneware.     Pop.  279. 

Annapolis,  a  city,  port  of  entry,  and  the  capital  of  Slary- 
land  and  of  Anne  Arundel  co.,  is  on  the  S.W.  bank  of  tho 
Severn  River,  2  or  3  miles  from  its  entrance  into  Ches.ipeako 
Bay,  30  miles  S.  by  E.  from  Baltimore,  and  about  40  miles 
by  railroad  E.  by  N.  from  Washington.  Lat.  38°  58'  50" 
N.;  Ion.  76°  30'  W.  It  is  a  terminus  of  the  Annapolis, 
Washington  <fc  Baltimore  Railroad,  which  connects  with  tho 
Washington  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  <t  Ohio  Railroad.  It 
contains  the  governor's  house,  a  fine  state-house,  6  churches, 
2  national  banks,  the  United  States  Naval  Academy,  St. 


ANN 


502 


ANN 


John'i  College  (which  was  roundotl  in  1789),  a  house  of  the 
RedempturitU,  a  ooavent,  <to.  One  daily  and  0  weekly 
newtpapera  are  publiithed  here.  The  navul  aoademy  was 
wtablUhed  here  in  1846,  whs  removed  during  the  civil  war, 
lutd  was  re-Mtabliahod  in  1865.  Annapolis  has  12  oyster- 
paeking  •stablishmeats.  This  town  was  founded  about 
1649,  and  was  first  called  Providence.  In  I7US  it  was 
shartered  as  a  city,  and  received  the  name  of  Annapolis  in 
honor  of  Queea  Anne.     Pop.  in  1880,  6642 ;  in  1S9U,  7604. 

AnnapoliSf  a  post-village  of  Iron  oo.,  Mo.,  on  Big 
Crock,  and  on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  <t  Southern 
Kailroad,  108  miles  8.  of  St.  Louis.  It  bos  2  churches,  a 
lumber-mill,  and  a  mineral  spring. 

Annapolis,  a  borough  in  Liberty  township,  Crawford 
fn.,  U.,  68  miles  X.  of  Columbus.  It  has  2  ohuroues,  a  bank, 
ft  printing-office,  and  3  sohools.  Pop.  253.  Here  is  Sul- 
phur Spring  Post-Oflice. 

AnnapoliS)  a  poet-village  of  Jefferson  oo.,  0.,  about  128 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  3  churches,  and  I  stcum- 
mill.     Pup.  130. 

Annapolis,  formerly  Port  Royal,  a  port  of  entry 
of  Kova  Scotia,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Annapolis,  a  fine 
islet  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  129  miles  W.  of  Halifax.  It  is 
the  most  ancient  settlement  in  this  part  of  North  America, 
having  been  founded  in  1604  by  De  Monts,  a  Frenchman. 
In  the  lime  of  Queen  Anne  it  was  occupied  by  the  British, 
whence  the  name  of  Annapolis,  or  City  of  Anne.  It  was  the 
•eat  of  government  until  1740.  It  has  railway  oommma- 
pication  with  Halifax  and  Yarmouth,  and  daily  steam  com- 
munication with  St.  John,  New  Brunswick,  dit^tant  63  miles. 
It  has  2  branch  banks,  a  Dominion  savings-bank,  a  weekly 
newspaper,  9  hotels,  and  about  30  stores.  Ship-building 
is  largely  engaged  in.     Pop.  (1891)  959. 

Annapolis,  a  county  of  Nova  Scotia,  having  the  Bay 
pf  Fundy  for  its  N.  boundary.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Wind- 
sor &  Annapolis  Railway.  The  land  is  of  very  superior 
quality,  consisting  of  diked  salt  marsh,  intervale,  and  up- 
land.    Area,  1350  square  miles.     Pop.  (1891)  19,.350. 

Annapolis  Junction,  a  post-hauilct  of  Howard  oo., 
Hd.,  on  the  Washington  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Annapolis.  Baltimore  & 
Washington  Railroad,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Baltimore,  and  20 
miles  from  Annajpolis. 

Annapolis  Royal,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Annapolis. 

Annappes,  &ii^nA.p',  a  villago  of  France,  department 
of  Nord,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Lannoy,  and  on  the  Lille-Tournay 
Railway.     Pop.  2307. 

Ann  Ar'bor,  a  city  of  Michigan,  and  the  capital  of 
Washtenaw  co.,  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  Huron  River, 
and  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  38  miles  W.  of  De- 
troit, 38  miles  E.  of  Jackson,  and  246  miles  E.  by  N.  from 
Chicago.  It  has  13  churches,  a  nationnl  bank,  2  savings- 
banks,  a  high-school  building  which  cost  $90,000,  several 
large  hotels,  3  breweries,  and  manufactures  of  agricultural 
implements,  carriages,  furniture,  paper,  woollen  goods,  sash, 
blinds,  also  a  street  electric  railway  system,  gas-  and  electric- 
light-works,  and  many  fine  residences,  <tc.  It  is  the  seat 
of  the  University  of  Michigan,  which  was  founded  in  1837 
And  is  liberally  endowed  by  the  state,  having  an  annual 
income  of  about  $400,000.  Its  students  number  about  2700, 
and  its  Faculty  about  120.  It  comprises,  besides  the  liter- 
ary department,  colleges  or  departments  of  medicine,  law, 
dental  surgery,  pharmacy,  and  mechanical  engineering. 
It  has  a  hall  erected  at  a  cost  of  $120,000,  an  astronomical 
observatory,  a  library  of  80,000  volumes,  and  handsome 
college  fraternity  houses.  Six  newspapers  are  published 
here,  besides  several  monthly  periodicals  (including  the 
"  Michigan  University  Medical  Journal"),  some  of  which 
are  edited  by  students  of  the  university.  Pop.  in  1870, 
7363;  in  1S80,  8061;  in  1890,  9431. 

Anna,  Santa,  in  South  America,  &<s.  See  Santa  Anna. 

An^natom',  an  island  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  New  Heb- 
rides.    Lat.  21°  S.;  Ion.  170°  E.     Pop.  1500. 

An'naton,a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co..  Wis.,  in  Clifton 
township,  on  Platte  River,  about  65  miles  W.S.W.  of  Mad- 
ison.    It  has  a  flour-mill. 

An'nawan,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co..  111.,  in  An- 
nawan  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific 
Railroad,  146  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Chicago.  Coal  is  mined 
hero.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  flouring-mill. 
Pop.  of  township,  1261. 

Anne  Arundel,  ann  %-riin'del,  a  county  in  the  central 

fart  of  Maryland,  has  an  area  of  about  750  square  miles, 
t  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Patapsco  River,  which  sepa- 
rates it  from  Baltimore,  on  the  E.  by  Chesapeake  Bay,  and 
on  the  W.  by  the  Patuxent  River.  It  is  partly  drained  by 
the  Severn  River.    The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating ;  the 


soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Among  the  minerals  are  red  sand- 
stone, serpentine,  and  iron  ore.  The  staple  products  of  the 
soil  nre  tobacco,  Indian  corn,  and  wheat.  It  is  travtrsej 
by  the  Annapolis,  Washington  A  Baltimore  and  the  An- 
napolis &  Baltimore  Short  Lino  Railroads,  which  converge 
at  Annapolis.  Capital,  Annapolis.  Pop.  in  1870,  24,457- 
in  1880,  28,528;  in  1890,  34,094. 

Annecy,  inn'see',  a  town  of  Franco,  capital  of  Hnute- 
Savoie,  at  the  N.W.  extremity  of  a  lake  of  the  same  nume, 
33  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Chambfiry.  Pop.  11,554.  It  hai 
a  cathedral,  bishop's  palace,  an  old  castle,  a  fine  library,  a 
college,  a  museum,  and  many  factories. 

Annecy,  a  lake  of  France,  22  miles  S.  of  Geneva,  is  t 
miles  in  length  from  N.W.  to  S.E.,  from  1  to  2  miles  ic 
breadth,  and  1426  feet  above  the  sea.  At  its  N.W.  extrem- 
ity it  empties  into  the  Fieran,  an  afHucnt  of  the  Rhone. 

Annecy  le  Vicux,  InnVeo'  I^h  ve-vh'  (anc.  Uttu'tirf) 
a  village  of  France,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Annecy.     Pop.  1344, 

Annemasse,  inn'ra&ss',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute 
Savoie,  on  the  Arve,  6  miles  E.  of  Carouge.     Pop.  1205. 

Annesley  Bay,  in  Abyssinia.    See  Ansi.ky  Bay. 

Annestown,  anz'town,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  an4 
lOi  miles  S.W.  of  Waterford,  on  a  small  bay.     Poi).  149. 

An'net,  one  of  the  Scilly  Islands,  on  the  S.W.  coast  of 
England,  ofi'  the  Land's  End. 

Aune'ta,  a  post-hamlet  of  Parker  co.,  Tes.,  21  milea 
W.iof  Fort  Worth.     It  has  a  church. 

Annevoyc,  &nnVw4',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
of  Namur,  on  the  Meuse,  N.  of  Dinant.     Pop.  050. 

Anneyron,  ln'ni'r6N»',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Drome,  19  miles  N.N.E.  of  Valence.     Pop.  2976. 

Anni,  or  Ani,  in'nee  (L.  Abnicum),  a  ruined  city  of 
Asiatic  Turkey,  28  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Kars,  on  the  Arpa-Chai. 
Until  taken  by  Alp  Arslan,  in  1064,  it  was  the  capital  of 
the  Pakradian  (Bagratian)  kings  of  Armenia. 

Annico,  4n-nee'ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  8  miles  N.W.  of 
Cremona.     Pop.  2302. 

An'nieville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  Iowa,  in  Lin- 
coln township,  6  miles  S.  of  Spencer. 

Au'nin,  a  township  of  McKean  co..  Pa.     Pop.  760. 

Annin  Creek,  a  post-office  of  McKcan  co.,  Pa.,  about 
30  miles  N.  of  Emporium. 

An^nisquam',  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  is  in 
the  N.  part  of  the  city  of  Gloucester,  and  is  on  the  sea- 
coast  at  the  mouth  of  Squam  River.  It  has  a  fine  beach, 
and  a  harbor  with  a  light-house,  and  is  a  summer  resort. 

An'niston,  an  enterprising  manufacturing  city  and 
railroad  centre  of  Calhoun  co.,  Ala.,  104  miles  W.  of  At- 
lanta, Ga.  It  has  22  churches,  3  banks,  excellent  public 
and  private  schools,  iron-mines,  and  extensive  manufac- 
tures of  iron  products,  cotton  goods,  Ac.  Here  are  the 
works  of  the  Woodstock  Iron  Company  and  other  extensive 
business  concerns.  Three  daily  newspapers  are  published 
here.     Pop.  in  1890,  9998. 

Annobon,  in'no-bOn'  (Port.  Anno  Bom,  9,n*no-b6s"'), 
an  island  on  the  W.  coast  of  Africa,  belonging  to  Spain. 
Lat.  1°  24'  S.  It  is  4  miles  long,  and  2  wide,  and  rises 
to  the  height  of  3000  feet.  Pop.  about  2000.  Chief  town, 
San  Antonio  de  Praia. 

Anu(£ulin,in^nuhMflN<>',  a  town  of  France, department 
of  Nord,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Lille.     Pop.  3805. 

Anuo'na,  a  post-village  of  Red  River  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Texas  &,  Pacific  Railway,  53  miles  W.  of  Texarkana,  and  8 
miles  E.  of  Clarksville.     Pop.  150. 

Annonay,  in^no'ni'  (L.  Annoneum  or  Annoniacum),^ 
town  of  France,  department  of  Ardfiche,  at  the  junction  of 
the  Cance  and  the  DeaAme,  37  miles  S.  of  Lyons.  Pop. 
18,445.  It  has  thriving  manufactures  of  glove-leather, 
and  is  noted  for  its  paper,  gloves,  cordage,  thread,  Ac.  It 
has  a  college,  a  library,  and  goodjpublic  buildings. 

Annone  Veneto,  in-no'ni  vS-nA'to,  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  of  Venice,  7  miles  W.  of  Portogruaro.     Pop.  2030, 

Annot,  Sn^no',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Basses- 
Alpes,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Digne.     Pop.  1157. 

Annsville,  anz'vil,  a  township  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y., 
contains  Tabcrg,  and  has  important  agricultural  and  manu- 
facturing interests.     Pop.  2(>34. 

Annsville,  a  small  hamlet  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  21 
miles  from  Peekskill.     It  has  a  manufactory  of  lampblack. 

Ann'ville,  a  post-town  of  Lebanon  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Lebanon  Valley  branch  of  the  Philadelphia  A  Reading 
Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of  Lebanon.  It  has  a  national  bauk, 
a  graded  school,  3  hotels,  4  flour-mills,  2  coach -factories, 
several  lime-kilns,  6  churches,  and  extensive  quarries  of 
limestone.  Here  is  Lebanon  Valley  College,  founded  by  the 
United  Brethren  in  1866.     Pop.  (1890)  1283. 

Annweiler,  &nn'MM$r,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Bavaria,  on 


ANO 


503 


ANT 


the  Queich,  7  miles  W.  of  Landau.  Pop.  2734.  It  has 
ruins  of  the  castle  of  Triefels. 

Ano'ka^  a  county  of  Minnesota,  has  an  area  of  about 
600  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Mis- 
eissippi  River,  and  is  intersected  by  Rum  R'"  ^er.  The  sur- 
fiice  is  diversified  with  forests  and  small  lakes ;  the  soil  pro- 
duces wheat,  oats,  hay,  <fec.  Lumber  is  one  of  the  principal 
products  of  the  county,  which  is  traversed  by  the  St.  Paul 
A  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Anoka.  Pop.  in  1870,  3940 ; 
in  1880,  7108;  in  1890,  9884. 

Anoka,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.,  5  miles  by  rail 
S.E.  of  Logansport. 

Anoka,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Anoka  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Rum  River,  27  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  a  bank,  10  churches,  com- 
mon, high  and  parochial  schools,  and  several  large  steam 
saw-mills.  Two  weekly  papers  are  published  here.  Pop. 
in  1880,  2706;  in  1890,  4252. 

-  Anoo'ila  or  Cherry  Island,  in  the  Facific.  Lat.  11° 
.»7'  S. ;  Ion.  109°  47'  E.  Pop.  about  200,  of  the  true  Poly- 
nesian stock. 

Anopshehr,  Aniipshahr,  an-^p-shair',  or  Anapa- 
nheher,  8,-ni-pa-shfin'h?r,  a  town  of  British  India,  in 
^eerut,  on  the  Ganges,  65  miles  E.S.E.  of  Delhi.    P.  10,644. 

Anor,  i^non',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Nord,  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Avesnes.     Pop.  .3637.     It  has  iron-works. 

Anost,  i^nost',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  SaOne- 
«t-Loire,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Autun.     Pop.  3660. 

Anot'to   Bay,  a  port  of  entry  on   the  N.  coast  of 
Jamaica.     Lat.  18°  19'  N. ;  Ion.  76°  33'  W. 
'    Anover  de  T£yo,il-no-vaiR'  di  ti'Ho,  a  town  of  Spain, 
in  New  Castile,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  1809. 
.   Anrath,  dn'rilt,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  govern- 
ment of  Dusseldorf,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Crefeld.     Pop.  3827. 

Anrochte,  dn'roKHeh,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  AVest- 
phalia,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Arnsberg.     Pop.  1339. 

Ans,  6jj"  or  S,ns,  a  village  of  Belgium,  li  miles  N.W.  of 
Liege,  on  the  Waremmo  Railway.     Pop.  5874. 

Ansbach,  a  city  of  Bavaria.    See  Ansi'Ach. 

Anse,  5ns,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  RhSne, 
near  the  Saone,  13  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Lyons.     Pop.  2036. 

Anse  aux  Griffons,  Quebec.    See  Griffin's  Cove. 

Anse>Bertrand,  bsa-hin^trbtt"',  a  commune  of  Guade- 
loupe, Antilles,  on  the  coast,  N.  of  Grande-Terre.  Pop.  4500. 

Anse  d'Arlet,  6Ns-daR*li',  orLes  Anses  d'Arlet, 
liz-6Ns-dauMi',  a  town  of  the  French  West  Indies,  on  the  S. 
coast  of  Martinique,  30  miles  from  Fort  de  France.    P.  2399. 

Anseghem,  6Ns'g6N<'',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Flimders,  12  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Courtray.     Pop.  3650. 

Ansel'ma,  a  post-village  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  8  or  9  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Phoenixville.  It  has  a  public  school  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  150. 

AnseI'mo,  a  post-village  of  Custer  co..  Neb.,  20  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Broken  Bow.  It  has  2  churches,  2  banks, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  250. 

Anserma  Nueva,  a,n-s5ri'uii  noo-i'vi,  a  village  of 
Colombia,  7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cartago.     Pop.  1609. 

Ansina  and  Ansineh,  former  names  of  Ababdb. 

Ans'ley,  a  post-town  of  Custer  co.,  Neb.,  15  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Broken  Bow.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  a 
high  school,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  newspaper  office.    Pop.  750. 

Ans'ley  Bay,  or  Goob  Duc'uoo\  an  inlet  of  the 
Red  Sea,  Abyssinia,  extending  S.  from  Dissee  Island. 

Anso,  3,n*so',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Iluesca,  21 
miles  N.W.  of  Jaca.    Pop.  1700.    It  exports  excellent  wool. 

An 'son,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  North  Carolina,  has 
an  area  of  about  550  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.  by  Rocky  River,  and  on  the  E.  by  the  Yadkin  or 
Pedce.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Cotton,  In- 
dian corn,  wheat,  -^c,  are  the  staple  products.  Granite  is 
found  in  this  county,  which  is  intersected  by  the  Carolina 
Central  Railroad.  Capital,  Wadesborough.  Pop.  in  1870, 
12,428;  in  1880,  17,994;  in  1890,  20,027. 

Anson,  a  post-township  of  Somerset  co..  Me.,  20  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Oakland,  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Kennebec 
River.  It  has  4  churches,  an  academy,  and  manufactures 
of  cheese,  moccasins,  Ac.     Pop.  1880,  1555;  in  1890,  1444. 

Anson,  a  posthamlet  of  Clark  co..  Mo.,  4i  miles  from 
Croton,  Iowa.     It  has  a  church. 

Anson,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jones  co.,  Texas,  150 
miles  W.  of  Fort  Worth,  and  about  20  miles  N.  of  Abilene 
Station  of  the  Texas  &  Pacific  Railway.  It  has  3  churches, 
ft  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  600. 

Anson  Bay,  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  Australia,  lat.  13° 
30'  S.,  Ion.  130°  E.  It  receives  the  river  Daly.  There  are 
Other  bays  of  the  same  name  in  Corea  and  Tinian. 


Ansonia,  in-so-nee'a,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Cascrta,  circle  of  Gaeta.     Pop.  3228. 

Anso'nia,  a  post-town  of  New  Haven  co..  Conn.,  on 
the  east  bank  of  the  Naugatuck  River,  nearly  2  miles  from 
its  mouth,  15  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  from  Bridgeport,  and 
13  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  New  Haven.  It  is  on  the  New 
Haven  &  Derby  Division  of  the  Housatonic  system.  It 
has  a  bank,  5  churches,  a  daily  and  a  weekly  paper,  an 
iron-foundry,  and  manufactures  of  clocks,  brass  and  copper 
goods,  woollen  goods,  <fec.  Pop.  in  1880,  2855;  in  1890, 
10,.342. 

Ansonia,  or  Dal'las,  a  post- village  of  Darke  co.,  0., 
49  miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  from  Bellefontaine.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  tile-factory,  and  manufactures 
of  staves  and  wheels.     Pop.  in  1890,  676. 

Ansonia  (post-office,  Ebenton),  a  hamlet  of  Tioga  co.. 
Pa.,  on  Pine  Creek,  about  8  miles  W.  of  Wellsborough,  and 
54  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Jersey  Shore. 

Anson's  Island,  or  Lord  Anson's  Island,  an 
island  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean,  called  by  the  natives 
Booka.     Lat.  5°  0'  S. ;  Ion.  154°  34'  E. 

An'sonville,  a  post- village  of  Anson  co.,  N.C.,  in  An- 
sonville  township,  10  miles  from  Wadesborough.  It  haa 
several  churches.     Pop.  225. 

Ansonvilie,  a  post- village  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.,  about 
28  miles  N.  by  W.  from  Altoona.  It  has  a  church  and 
several  stores  and  other  business  concerns. 

Anspach,  ins'p&K,  or  Ansbach,  a  fortified  city  of 
Bavaria,  on  the  Rezat,  and  on  a  railway,  25  miles  S.W.  of 
Nuremberg.  Pop.  12,636.  It  has  a  royal  castle,  ancient 
residence  of  the  margraves  of  Anspach-Baireuth,  two  hos- 
pitals, a  gymnasium,  an  orphanage,  deaf-and-dumb  school, 
a  public  library  of  15,000  volumes,  and  manufactures  of 
cotton  and  half-silken  8tu8"s,  tobacco,  earthenware,  playing- 
cards,  cutlery,  and  white  lead. 

An'sted,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  W.Va.,  8  milej 
N.  of  Fayetteville,  2i  miles  from  Hawk's  Nest  Station. 
It  has  coal  mines. 

An'struther  (Eastek  and  Wester),  two  contiguous 
parliamentary  boroughs  and  parishes  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Fife,  forming,  with  Kilrenny,  a  continuous  narrow  town 
along  the  Firth  of  Forth,  13i  miles  S.E.  of  Cupar.  United 
pop.  4312.  Anstruther  Easter  was  the  birthplace  of  the 
Rev.  Dr.  Chalmers. 

Anta,  kn'ti,  a  town  of  Peru,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Cuzco. 
Lat.  13°  25'  S.;  Ion.  70°  35'  W. 

Anta,  in'ti,  a  small  lake  of  Brazil,  province  of  Rio  de 
Janeiro,  near  Cabo  Frio. 

Anttcopolis,  the  ancient  name  of  Gau-el-Kebeer. 

Antafalva,  onHoh-fol'voh  (Slavic,  Kovocicn),  a  town 
of  Austro-IIungary,  Banato-Servian  confines,  18  miles  from 
Pancsova.     Pop.  3218. 

Antakia,  the  Turkish  name  of  Antioch. 

Antalo,  or  Antalow,  dn-td'lo,  a  town  of  Abyssinia, 
state  of  Tigr6,  160  miles  E.N.E.  of  Gondar. 

Antananarivo,  Madagascar.     See  Tananarivoo. 

Antang,  in^tdng',  a  village  and  district  of  Java,  lat.  7* 
43'  S.,  Ion.  119°  0'  E.,  about  2000  feet  above  the  sea.  Pop. 
of  district,  8000  to  10,000. 

Antarc'tic  Circle,  one  of  the  lesser  circles  of  the  globe, 
is  parallel  to  the  equfttor,  and  is  placed  23°  27i'  from  the  S. 
pole.     It  marks  the  N.  limit  of  the  S.  polar  zone. 

Antarctic  Ocean,  the  name  given  to  the  expanse  of 
water  around  the  South  Pole,  within  the  limit  of  the  Ant- 
arctic Circle,  but  frequently  used  in  a  more  extensive  sense 
to  designate  the  cold  oceanic  regions  in  high  southern  lati- 
tudes, without  any  very  positive  regard  to  the  limits  of  the 
Antarctic  Circle.  The  Antarctic  Ocean  was  long  considered 
impenetrable  for  ships,  on  account  of  the  ice,  which  extends 
much  farther  from  the  pole  than  in  the  Arctic  Ocean.  Jan- 
uary 28,  1841,  Sir  James  Ross,  in  lat.  77°  32'  S.,  Ion.  167° 
E.,  discovered  a  volcano  12,400  feet  above  the  sea,  which 
he  named  Mount  Erebus,  after  one  of  the  ships  of  the  expedi- 
tion. A  little  farther  E.  another  was  seen,  which  was  named 
Mount  Terror,  after  the  other  ship  of  the  expedition.  Sir 
James  is  of  the  opinion  that  no  vegetation  exists  in  this  high 
southern  latitude,  no  trace  of  it  having  been  visible  on  Frank- 
lin Island  (12  miles  long  and  6  broad),  in  lat.  76°  8'  S.,  Ion. 
168°  12'  E.  It  would  also  appear  tliat  the  seas  are  com- 
paratively shallow  in  these  regions,  the  soundings  of  the 
Erebus  and  Terror  rarely  exceeding  400  fathoms,  and  being 
more  frequently  from  200  to  300.  The  position  of  the  south- 
ern magnetic  pole  Sir  James  places  in  Victoria  Land,  in  lat 
75°  5'  S.,  Ion.  154°  8'  E.  The  extreme  points  which  have 
been  reached  by  navigators  are  (Biscoe,  February  1,  1831) 
lat.  68°  51'  S.,  Ion.  12°  E. ;  (Ross,  February  2,  1841)  lat 
78°  10'  S.,  Ion.  161°  27'  W. 


ANT 


504 


ANT 


AntaSf  In'tis,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  40  miles 
K.K.  of  Almoria.     Pop.  1297. 

An'tclope,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Nebraska,  has 
an  area  of  864  square  inilcn.  It  is  intersected  by  tiie  Elk- 
horn  River.  The  surface  is  undulating;  the  soil  is  fertile. 
Capital,  Netlgh.     I'op.  in  1880,  SUdU ;  in  1890,  10,399. 

Antelope,  a  township  of  Mono  oo.,  Cal.     Pop.  162. 

Antelope,  a  township  of  Tehama  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  820. 

Antelope,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  oo.,  Kansas,  12 
mileti  N.  ol'  Florence. 

Antelope,  a  pon-villageof  Wasco  oo.,  Oregon,  QOmilei 
E.  of  iSaleui. 

Antelope,  a  post-village  of  Jack  co.,  Texas,  about  75 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Fort  Worth.  It  has  ii  churches.  Pop. 
about  .160. 

Antelope  or  Church  Island,  the  largest  island  in 
the  Ureat  Salt  Lake,  Utah,  is  15  miles  long,  and  alTords 
thccp  pnstumge. 

Antelope  Creek,  of  Tehnma  co.,  Cal.,  runs  south- 
westward,  and  enters  the  Sacramento  nt  or  near  Red  Blufi°. 

Antelope  Springs,  a  post-ofiice  nnd  watering-place 
of  Hinsdale  co..  Col.,  105  miles  from  Fort  Garland.  It  has 
a  hot  sulphur  spring. 

An'telopc  VaI'ley,  a  post-office  of  Yavapai  co.,  Arii 
«ona.     Copper  and  gold  are  found  here. 

Antequera,  &n-ti-k&,'r&  (anc.  Antiqua'ria),  a  city  of 
Spain,  in  Andalusia,  28  miles  N.N.W.  of  Malaga.  Pop. 
27,201.  The  city,  which  is  clean  and  well  built,  has  8 
squares,  6  churches,  an  infirmary,  a  poor-house,  a  foundling- 
hospital,  a  general  hospital,  2  collegiate  schools,  a  theologi- 
cal seminary,  numerous  convents,  several  hermitages,  and 
an  extramural  cemetery.  In  the  old  town,  which  lies  higher 
up  the  hill  than  the  modern  city,  there  are  rera;\in8  of  a 
Moorish  castle,  built  on  Koman  foundations.  The  city  is 
well  supplied  with  good  water.  There  are  within  its  limits 
water-mills  for  spinning  and  weaving  woollen  fabrics,  10 
tanneries,  10  eartnenwaro-factories,  and  several  dyers, 

Antcrricux,  A.v'tJR-ne-uh'  (anc. -47i(^eri'<uHi),  a  village 
of  France,  department  of  Cantal.     Pop.  245. 

Antery,  or  Antari,  in'ta-ree',  a  town  of  Ilindostan, 
15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Owalior. 

Antes,  an't?z,  a  township  of  Blair  co..  Pa.    See  Antis. 

Antes  Fort,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Nippcnose  township,  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie  Kailroad 
at  Jersey  Shore  Station,  12  miles  W.  of  Williapisport. 

An'thon,  a  post-town  of  Woodbury  co.,  Iowa,  30  miles 
by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Onawa.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  200. 

Anthonie's  (an'tp-niz)  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Craw- 
ford CO.,  Mo.,  88  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Louis. 

An'thony,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Fla.,  9  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Ocala.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  graded  school. 
Pop.  in  1890,  231. 

Anthony,  a  city,  capital  of  Harper  co.,  Kansas,  oo  the 
line  of  three  railroads,  56  miles  S.W.  of  Wichita.  It  has 
6  churches,  3  banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  high  school,  and 
manufactures  of  salt,  flour,  &c.     Pop.  in  1890,  1806. 

Anthony,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  about 
40  miles  N.  of  Trenton.     It  has  a  church. 

Anthony,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  R.I.,  in  Coventry 
township,  on  the  Hartford,  Providence  &  Fishkiil  Kailroad, 
14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Providence.  It  has  a  church,  a  cotton- 
mill,  a  savings-bank,  and  a  national  bank.     Pop.  755. 

Anthony  House,  a  post-office  of  Nevada  co.,  Cal. 

Anthony  Kaan,  an  island  of  th«  Pacific.   SccOraisox. 

Anthony's  (or  St.  Anthony's)  Nose,  in  Montgom- 
ery CO.,  N.Y.,  the  extremity  of  a  hill  or  mountain  called  the 
Klips  (i.e.,  "rock"  or  "clifiT'),  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Mo- 
hawk, resembling  a  nose,  300  or  400  feet  long. 

Anthony's  (or  St.  Anthony's)  Nose,  in  Putnam 
CO.,  N.Y.,  a  bold  promontory  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Hudson, 
projecting  from  the  S.  side  of  Breakneck  Hill,  at  the  N.  en- 
trance to  the  highlands,  57  miles  from  New  York. 

An'thony's  Tun'nel,  a  station  in  Clarion  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Low  Grade  division  of  the  Alleghany  Valley  Rail- 
road, 80  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Au'thracite,  a  station,  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pitts- 
burg A  Connellsville  Railroad,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Antibes,  dN<»Heeb'  (ancAiitip'olia),  a  strongly  fortified 
seaport  town  of  France,  department  of  Alpes-Maritimes, 
and  on  a  railway,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Nice.  Lat.  43'' 
35'  9"  N. ;  Ion.  7°  7'  65"  E.  Pop.  6850,  mostly  employed 
in  fishing,  curing  fish,  and  trading  in  dried  fruits  and  oil. 
Its  port,  small  but  deep,  is  defended  at  its  entrance  by  Fort 
Carr6,  on  a  rocky  islet,  on  which  is  a  light-house.  On  every 
■idc  the  town  is  environed  by  olive,  orange,  and  vino  planta- 
tions. Founded  by  a  Greek  colony  from  Marseilles^  b.c.  340. 


Anticiacum,  the  Latin  name  of  Inzago. 

Anticosti,  an-to-kos'tc,  a  large  island  of  Canada,  proT- 
inoe  of  Quebec,  in  the  estuary  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  between 
lat.  49°  and  50°  N.  and  Ion.  62°  and  65°  W.  Area,  3845 
square  miles.  The  north  coast  is  high  and  without  harbors, 
the  south  shore  low  and  very  dangerous.  There  are  4  light- 
houses on  the  island.  Anticosti  Island  is  a  valuable  reiiort 
for  seal-  and  bear-hunting,  and  for  salmon-,  trout-,  cod-, 
and  herring-fishing.  There  is  much  excellent  soil.  On  the 
low  lands  on  the  S.  coast  there  exist  more  than  100  square 
miles  of  peat  i)og,  of  2  to  3  feet  thickness,  and  of  cxccllt-nt 
quality.  Marl,  plumbago,  and  other  valuable  minerals 
are  reported.  Pop.  102  in  1870,  since  which  time  it  has 
been  colonized  to  some  extent. 

Antietam  (an-tee'tam)  Creek  rises  in  Franklin  co.. 
Pa.,  crosses  the  southern  boundary  of  that  state,  runs 
southward  through  Washington  co.,  Md.,  and  enters  the 
Potomac  River  about  7  miles  N.  of  Harper's  Ferry.  A 
great  battle  was  fought  on  the  banks  of  this  creek,  near 
Sharpsburg,  between  the  Union  forces  commanded  by  (Jen. 
McClellan  and  the  Confederates  commanded  by  Gen.  Leo, 
on  the  17thof  September,  1862.  The  Union  army  lost  11,426 
killed  and  wounded,  but  remained  master  of  the  field. 

Antignano,  &n-teen-y&'no,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Istria, 
32  miles  N.W.  of  Fiume.     Pop.  1438. 

Anti'go,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Langdale  co..  Wis.,  97 
miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Oshkosh.  It  has  7  churches,  2 
banks,  4  newspaper  ofiices,  graded  schools,  and  wood  manu- 
factures.    Pop.  in  1890,  4424. 

Antigonish,  anHIg^o^neesh',  a  county  in  the  N.E.  of 
Nova  Scotia,  bounded  N.  by  St.  George's  Bay.  Area,  500 
square  miles.     Capital,  Antigonish.     Pop.  16,512. 

Antigonish,  formerly  Syd'ney,  or  Sid'ney,  a  towa 
at  the  E.  extremity  of  Nova  Scotia,  in  the  co.  of  Anti^jonish, 
40  miles  E.  of  New  Glasgow.  It  is  the  county  town,  and 
the  seat  of  the  Catholic  bishop  of  Aricbnt.  It  has  a  large 
college,  a  cathedral,  a  Ciitholic  seminary,  2  telegraph  office,'), 
a  weekly  newspaper,  3  branch  banks,  about  20  t-tores,  and 
4  hotels.  The  inhabitants  are  chiefly  of  Scotch  descent. 
St.  George's  Bay,  a  fine  inlet  of  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence, 
is  situated  8  miles  from  the  town.  Its  harbor  is  navigable 
for  vessels  of  small  tonnage.     Pop.  about  1400. 

Antigonish  Harbor,  a  beautiful  settlement  at  the 
head  of  St.  George's  Bay,  Antigonish  co..  Nova  Scotia,  43 
miles  from  New  Glasgow,  commands  a  fine  view  of  the  bay. 
Cape  Breton,  and  surrounding  country.  Soil  fertile  and 
well  cultivated.  It  contains  a  post-office,  1  store,  2  saw- 
mills, nnd  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  150. 

Antigua,  in-tee'gi,  one  of  the  British  West  Indies, 
colony  of  the  Leeward  Islands,  is  in  lat.  17°  2'-17°  13'  N., 
Ion.  61°  44'-61°  58'  AV.  Area,  108  square  miles.  It  is  20 
miles  long,  and  somewhat  circular  in  outline,  has  a  broken 
and  elevated  surface,  and  its  soil  is  fertile,  resting  upon 
calcareous  and  trap  rocks.  The  climate  is  dry  and  pleas- 
ant; but  in  summer  fearful  hurricanes  sometimes  occur. 
The  province  of  Antigua  (including  Barbuda  and  some 
minor  islands)  is  the  most  important  member  of  the  general 
colony  of  the  Leeward  Islands,  and  has  a  governor  and 
legislature,  and  an  Anglican  and  a  Moravian  bishop.  Chief 
export.',  sugar,  molasses,  and  rum.  The  towns  are  St. 
John's,  the  capital,  Falmouth,  Parham,  and  English  Har- 
bor. Pop.  in  1871,  34,344,  mostly  blacks;  in  1891,  in- 
cluding Barbuda  and  Redonda,  36,700.  Antigua  was  dis- 
covered in  1493  by  Columbus;  settled  by  the  British  in 
1632.     Average  sugar  crop,  12,000  hogsheads  a  year. 

Antigua,  4n-tee'g4,  a  town  in  Panay,  Philippine 
Islands.     It  has  a  church  and  a  school.     Pop.  4219. 

Antigua,  or  La  Antigua,  \k  in-tce'gft,  a  town  of  the 
island  of  Fuerteventura,  in  the  Canaries.     Pop.  1088. 

Antigiiedad,  in-tec-gwi-Din',  a  town  of  Spain,  15 
miles  N.E.  of  Palencia.     Pop.  1017. 

An'ti-Iiib'anus,  or  Anti-Leb'anon,  a  mountain- 
range  of  Palestine,  running  parallel  to  and  E.  of  the  Leb- 
anon chain,  the  two  enclosing  the  valley  of  Coele-Syria.  It 
becomes  detached  from  Mount  Lebanon  about  lat.  34°  N., 
extends  southward  to  nearly  opposite  where  Lebanon  ter- 
minates, and  there  subdivides  into  two  chains,  which  bound 
the  valley  of  the  Jordan,  the  Dead  Sea,  and  the  Arabah. 

Antilles,  in'tcol',  or  S.n-tiriiz  (Lat.  Aiitil'la;  Fr.  I!et 
AntillcK,  cel-zftso'teel';  Sp.  Antillas,  in-teeryis;  Gcr.  A»- 
tillen,  4n-tiri?n),  a  term  applied  to  a  part  of  the  West  India 
Islands  consisting  of  two  groups,  called  the  Greater  Aiitillei 
and  Lesser  Antilles,  which  latter  are  also  named  Caribbean 
Islands.  The  Greater  Antilles  comprise  Cuba,  Jamaica, 
Hayti,  Porto  Rico,  and  several  very  small  isles  near  their 
coasts.  The  Lesser  Antilles  are  numerous  small  islands, 
mostly  arranged  in  a  long  row,  which  is  curved  like  a  cre«- 


ANT 


605 


ANT 


cent,  between  the  Caribbean  Sea  and  the  Atlantic  Ocean. 
The  principal  islands  of  this  group  are  Trinidad,  Tobago, 
Barbadoes,  Grenada,  St.  Lucia,  Martinique,  Dominica,  Gua- 
deloupe, Antigua,  and  St.  Vincent.  Of  these,  8  are  British, 
and  2,  Guadeloupe  and  Martinique,  belong  to  France  j  others 
belong  to  the  Netherlands,  Denmark,  <tc.  See  names  of  the 
principal  islands,  also  West  Indies,  Leeward  Islands, 
WiND^^AUD  Islands,  Virgin  Islands,  Ac. 

Anti-3Iilo,dn-te-mee'lo,orAnti-Mel08,in-te-mee'- 
los,  an  island  of  the  Greek  Archipelago,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Mile. 

Alltioch,  an'te-ok  (L.  Antivchi'a;  Gr. 'AvTidxeia;  Turk. 
Aiittthid,  .In-td'kee'a),  a  city  and  the  ancient  capital  of 
Syria,  in  its  N.  part,  o7  miles  W.  of  Aleppo,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Orontes,  about  20  miles  above  its  mouth.  Lat. 
3C°  W  N. ;  Ion.  36°  9'  30"  E.  Pop.  estimated  at  from 
90U0  to  13,000.  Its  ancient  walls,  varying  from  20  to  70 
feet  in  height,  enclose  an  area  of  uneven  ground  several 
miles  in  circumference.  The  houses  are  mostly  mean  and 
of  slight  materials ;  they  differ  from  those  of  Eastern  towns  in 
general  in  having  sloping  roofs.  Antioch  has  14  mosques; 
but  in  this  town  where  the  designation  of  Christians  was 
first  used  there  is  not  at  present  a  single  Christian  church. 
Baths  and  bazaars  are  numerous,  and  there  are  manufac- 
tures of  coarse  pottery,  cotton  stuffs,  and  morocco  leather ; 
but  the  culture  of  silk  is  the  chief  industry.  Other  exports 
are  goats'  wool,  yellow -berries,  and  salted  eels.  The  city 
walls,  a  ruined  aqueduct,  2  bridges,  and  a  portion  of  pave- 
ment, are  almost  all  the  remaining  vestiges  of  ancient  mag- 
nificence. Antioch  was  founded  about  300  B.C.,  by  Seleucus 
Nicator,  and  named  in  honor  of  his  father  Antiochus ;  and, 
though  it  suffered  severely  by  successive  earthquakes,  it  main- 
tained its  importance  till  taken  by  the  Saracens  in  638.  Its 
ancient  population  has  been  estimated  at  400,000.  Chrysos- 
tom  computes  the  population  in  his  time  at  200,000,  more 
than  one-half  of  whom  were  Christians.  It  was  the  capital 
of  a  Christian  principality  from  lO'JS  to  12C9,  since  which 
time  it  has  declined.  Some  ruins,  about  8  miles  south- 
westward,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Orontes,  mark  the  site 
of  the  grove  of  Daphne  and  temple  of  Apollo.  A  Greek, 
a  Jacobite,  and  4  Catholic  prelates,  of  different  rites, 
bear  the  title  of  patriarch  of  Antioch ;  but  all  are  non- 
resident. 

Antioch,  an't^-Sk,  a  post-village  of  Contra  Costa  co., 
Cal.,  al,  the  E.  end  of  Suisun  Bay,  near  the  mouths  of 
the  Sacramento  and  San  Joaquin  Rivers,  about  58  miles  by 
water  E.N.E.  of  San  Francisco.  Steamboats  ply  daily  be- 
tween Antioch  and  that  metropolis.  Large  quantities  of 
grain  and  coal  are  shipped  here.  It  has  a  weekly  newa- 
piiper,  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  and  a  straw-paper 
factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  635. 

Antioch,  a  village  of  Oglethorpe  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Athens 
Branch  of  tlie  Georgia  Railroad,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Athens. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  seminary,  and  4  stores.  Here  is  Stephens 
Post-0  ffice. 

Antioch,  a  hamlet  in  Stewart  oo.,  Ga.,  25  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Columbus,  has  a  church. 

Antioch,  a  small  post-village  of  Troup  co.,  Ga.,  about 
76  miles  S.W.  of  Atlanta,  and  about  15  N.W.  of  La  Grange. 
'  Antioch,  a  post-village  of  Lake  co.,  111.,  55  miles  by 
rail  N.N.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  2  churches,  public  schools, 
and  a  newspaper  office.  The  township  is  drained  by  Fox 
River  (which  here  expands  into  Pishtaka  Lake),  and  con- 
tains several  lakes.  Pop.  (1890)  of  village,  303  ;  of  town- 
ship, 1704. 

Antioch,  a  hamlet  of  Jay  co.,  Ind.,  in  Pike  township, 
6  miles  S.E.  of  Portland.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Antioch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Ky.,  25 
miles  E.  of  Bardstown.  It  has  a  church,  several  stores, 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Antioch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Claiborne  parish.  La.,  9  miles 
N.E.  of  Homer. 

Antioch,  a  township  of  Wexford  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  163. 

Antioch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prentiss  co..  Miss.,  10  miles 
W.  of  Rienzi,  and  about  4  miles  N.  of  Booneville.  In  the 
vicinity  are  4  churches. 

Antioch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Robeson  co.,  N.C.,  about  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Fayetteville. 

Antioch,  a  township  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  704. 

Antioch,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  0.,  in  Perry 
township,  9  miles  from  the  Ohio  River,  and  30  miles  N.E.  of 
Marietta.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  woollen-mill.    Pop.  165. 

Antioch,  a  village  of  York  co.,  S.C,  5  miles  from  King's 
Uountain  Station.     Here  is  Antioch  Academy. 

Antioch,  a  post- village  of  Davidson  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  10  miles  S.E. 
of  Nashville. 

Antioch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fluvanna  co.,  Va.,  16  miles 
33 


S.E.  of  Charlottesville.  It  has  a  church,  a  free  school,  and 
about  14  houses. 

Antioch  Hay,  a  bay  of  the  Mediterranean,  between 
lat.  35°  50'  and  36°  20'  N.,  and  in  Ion.  about  36°  E.,  over- 
looked  on  the  N.  and  S.  by  mountains  upwards  of  5C00  feet 
in  height.  The  Orontes  enters  it  near  its  centre.  On  the 
N.  side  are  some  ruins  described  as  those  of  Scleucia  Pieriau 
the  ancient  port  of  Antioch. 

Antioch  College,  Ohio.    See  Yellow  Springs. 

Antiochetta,  in-tc-o-k§t'ti,  a  port  of  Asia  Minor,  in 
Karamania,  on  the  Mediterranean,  88  miles  S.  of  Konieh. 

Antiochia  ad  Taurum,  the  ancient  name  of  Aintab. 

Antiochia  Margiana,  an  ancient  town.     See  Meuw. 

An'tioch  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  Ky., 
about  60  miles  S.  of  Cincinnati,  0.     It  has  a  church. 

Antioco,  in-tee'o-ko,  an  island  in  the  Mediterranean, 
near  the  S.W.  coast  of  Sardinia,  8  miles  long  and  3  miles 
broad.     Pop.  2219.     It  has  a  town  of  the  same  name. 

Antioquia,  in-te-o-kee'fl,,  or  Santa  Fe  dc  Antio- 
quia,  sin'ti  fi  dd  dn-te-o-kee'5,,  a  town  of  the  republie 
of  Colombia,  state  of  Antioquia,  on  the  river  Cauca,  190 
miles  N.W.  of  Bogota.  Pop.  8040.  It  is  the  chief  com- 
mercial town  in  the  state,  having  an  active  trade  in  maize 
and  sugar. 

Antioquia,  a  state  in  the  repub'ic  of  Colombia,  shut 
in  by  Bolivar,  Santander,  Cundinamarca,  and  Cauca.  Areai 
21,000  square  miles.  It  has  rich  ores  of  the  precious 
metals,  aud  abounds  in  forests.  Capital,  Medellin.  Pop. 
470,000. 

Antip'aros,  Oliaros,  or  Olearos,  o-lee'i-ros,  an 
island  of  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  nome  of  Cyclades,  2 
miles  W.  of  Paros.  Lat.  of  summit,  36°  59'  40"  N. ;  Ion.  25° 
3'  27"  E.  It  is  10  miles  long,  and  2  miles  broad.  Pop.  500. 
It  is  celebrated  for  a  stalactite  cavern  near  its  S.  extremity. 

Anti-Paxo,  an-te-pax'o,  a  small  Greek  island  in  the 
Ionian  Sea,  Mediterranean,  li  miles  S.E.  of  Paxo. 

Antiphilo,  in-tee'fc-lo,  or  Andiphilo,  in-dec'fe-lo 
(anc.  Aiitiphel  lus),  a  small  seaport  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
on  the  Mediterranean,  39  miles  S.E.  of  Telmissus  or  Makree. 
Lat.  36°  15'  N. ;  Ion.  29°  40'  E. 

Antipodes,  an-tip'o-d6z,  a  group  of  small  uninhabited 
islands  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean,  S.E.  of  New  Zealand,  so 
called  from  being  the  land  most  nearly  opposite  to  Great 
Britain.     Lat.  49°  42'  S. ;  Ion.  178°  43'  E. 

Antipolis,  the  ancient  namo  of  Antibes. 

Antiquaria,  the  ancient  name  of  Anteqcera. 

Antiquity,  an-tik'w§-te,  a  village  of  Meigs  co.,  0.,  m 
Letart  township,  on  or  near  the  Ohio  River,  about  12  miles 
above  Pomeroy.  It  has  2  churches,  a  saw -mill,  a  coal-mino, 
and  salt-works.     Pop.  280. 

An'tis,  or  An'tes,  a  township  of  Blair  co..  Pa.,  7  miles 
N.E.  of  Altoona,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad.  It  has  H 
churches,  mines  of  coal  and  iron,  and  manufactures  of  iron, 
lumber,  and  wool.  Post-office  and  station,  Bellwood.  Pop. 
1893. 

Antisana,  JLn-te-ei'ni,  a  volcano  of  the  Andes,  in  Ecua- 
dor, 35  miles  S.E.  of  Quito,  19,148  feet  in  elevation.  There 
is  a  hamlet  of  the  same  name  on  the  mountain,  13,455  feet 
above  the  sea. 

Anti-Taurus,  an'te-taw'rus,  a  mountain-chain  or 
series  of  chains  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  extending  for  some  dis-" 
tance  parallel  to  the  Taurus  chain,  whence  its  name.  It 
commences  at  Mount  Argaeus,  and  proceeds  northeastward 
into  Armenia,  where  its  ranges  intermix  with  offsets  from 
the  Caucasus  and  separate  the  basin  of  the  Euphrates  on 
the  S.  from  the  region  watered  by  the  Kizil-Irmak  and 
other  rivers  flowing  N.  into  the  Black  Sea. 

Antiuin,  the  ancient  name  of  Porto  d'Anzio. 

Antivari,  3,n-tee'vi-ree.  the  sole  seaport  of  Montenegro, 
on  the  Adriatic,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Scutari.  Before  the  Russo- 
Turkish  war  of  1877-78  it  belonged  to  Turkish  Albania. 
There  are  400  houses  within  and  700  without  the  citadel. 

Ant'lers,  a  post-hamlet  of  the  Choctaw  Nation,  Ind. 
Tor.,  127  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  from  Fort  Smith,  Ark. 

Antofagasta,  &n-to  f&-gds'td,  a  seaport  of  Chili,  on 
the  Bay  of  Morena,  85  miles  S.  of  Cobija.  It  is  connected  by 
railway  with  the  rich  mines  of  Caracoles  (38  miles  E.)  and 
with  Salar.  It  has  a  branch  bank,  silver-smelting  works,  and 
ships  much  bullion,  ore,  and  nitrate  of  soda.    Pop.  8000. 

AnHoine',  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co..  Ark.,  on  Antoine 
Creek,  about  50  miles  N.AV.  of  Camden. 

AnHoine'  Creek,  Arkansas,  runs  southeastward,  forms 
the  boundary  between  Clark  and  Pike  cos.,  and  enters  the 
Little  Missouri  River. 

Antoing,  6noHw5.n»',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Hainault, 
on  the  Scheldt,  3  miles  S.S.E.  of  Tournay.     Pop.  2430. 

An'ton,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Hants,  rises  noai 


ANT 


506 


ANT 


Drerton,  flows  southward,  and  enters  the  head  of  South- 
ampton Water,  4  miles  W.  of  Southampton. 

Anton  Chico,  in-tSn'  choe'ko,  a  poet-village  of  San 
Miguol  00.,  Now  Mexico,  165  miles  S.  by  w.  of  El  Moro,  Col. 
It  has  a  church.  5  stored,  and  about  :<II0  families. 

Antongtl,  &n-tun-zho«r,  or  Munghnbci,  m&n-gd-bi', 
m  bay  on  the  £.  ooast  of  Madagascar,  50  miles  in  length 
from  S.  to  N.,  and  about  25  miles  in  width  at  the  entrance. 
Lit.  16°  S.;  Ion.  50°  E. 

Anto'iiin,  a  posl-oflSce  of  Jefferson  oo.,  Mo. 

Antoiiinciinif  the  ancient  name  of  A.vder.nacii. 

Antonienliiitte«  &n-to'ne-en-htit't9,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Silesia,  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bouthen,  on  an  affluent  of  the 
river  Odor.  It  has  coal-mines,  furnaces,  potterie»,  zinc- 
paint  factories,  brick-kilns,  and  a  prison.     Pop.  3765. 

Antoninat  &n-to-noe'n&,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  of 
Silo  Paulo,  on  the  bay  and  18  miles  N.W.  of  Paranagua. 

Antonio,  a  harbor  of  Jamaica.    See  Port  Antomo. 
Autonito,  &n-to-nee'to,  a  post-village  of  Conejos  co., 
Col.,  on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  1  mile  S.  of 
Conejos.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  newspaper.     Pop.  500. 

Antoorah,  Antourah,  or  Antura,  &n-too'r&,  a  town 
©f  Syria,  on  the  W.  slope  of  Mount  Lebanon,  14  miles 
N.N.K.  of  Boyroot. 

Antrnigues,  bif^trLg',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Ardiche,  on  a  volcanic  height.  Hi  miles  W.  of  Privas. 
Pop.  1413.  Near  this  is  the  singular  causeway  called  the 
Chausaie  dea  Giants  {i.e.,  "  giants'  causeway"),  formed  by 
colonnades  of  basalt,  700  yards  in  length. 

Antrnin,  bs^^tr&if',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Ille-et-Vilaine,  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Rennes.     Pop.  1642. 

Antrcville,  an't^r-vil.  a  post-hamlct  of  Abbeville  co., 
6.C.,  12  miles  from  Due  West  Railroad  Station.  It  has  1 
church  and  1  carriage-shop. 

Antrim,  an'trim,  the  nortbeastemmost  county  of  Ire- 
land, in  Ulster,  having  the  Atlantic  on  the  N.,  the  North 
Channel  on  the  E.,  the  counties  of  Down  and  Londonderry 
on  the  S.  and  W.,  and  Lough  Neagh  on  the  S.W.  Area, 
1164  square  miles.  Pop.  404,015.  A  part  of  the  surface 
near  the  coast  is  mountainous.  In  the  S.W.  much  of  it  is 
boggy.  Coal  and  some  lignite  are  mined.  Chief  rivers,  the 
Bann,  forming  the  W.,  and  the  Lagan,  the  S.  boundary. 
The  famous  Giant's  Causeway  is  on  the  N.  coast  of  this 
county.  The  county  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of 
Commons.     Capital,  Belfast. 

Antrim,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  the  above  county,  on 
Six  Milo  Water,  near  its  mouth  in  Lough  Neagh,  14  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Belfast.  Pop.,  including  Massarene,  2005. 
It  has  a  union  work-house,  a  court-house,  and  manufactures 
of  linen,  calico,  hosiery,  paper,  and  malt. 

An'trim,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Michigan,  has  on 
area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W. 
by  Grand  Traverse  Bay  of  Lake  Michigan,  and  contains 
several  lakes.  The  surface  is  partly  covered  with  extensive 
forests  of  beech,  elm,  maple,  pine,  Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile, 
and  produces  potatoes,  wheat,  and  Indian  corn.  Lumber  is 
one  of  the  most  valuable  productions  of  the  county.  Capi- 
tal, Bellaire.  Pop.  in  1870,  1985;  in  1880,  5237;  in  1890, 
10,413.  The  county  is  intersected  by  the  Grand  Rapids 
&  Indiana  Railroad,  which  crosses  it  in  a  southeasterly 
direction. 

Antrim,  a  township  of  Shiawassee  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  985. 
It  contains  Glass  River. 

Antrim,  a  post-township  of  Watonwan  co.,  Minn.,  8 
miles  S.  of  Madelia.     Pop.  322. 

Antrim,  a  post-township  of  Hillsborough  co.,  N.II.,  on 
the  Contoocook  River,  about  27  miles  W.S.W.  of  Concord. 
It  has  3  churches  and  manufactures  of  table-cutlery,  seed- 
Bowers,  sewing-silk,  bedsteads,  Ac.     Pop.  904. 

Antrim,  a  post-village  of  Guernsey  co.,  0.,  in  Madison 
township,  about  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Zanesville.  It  has  3 
churches,  2  schools,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  350. 

Antrim,  a  township  of  Wyandot  co.,  0.     Pop.  1061. 

Antrim,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  3762. 
It  contains  the  borough  of  Greencastle,  and  other  villages, 
and  is  traversed  by  the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad. 

Antrim,  a  post-village  of  Tioga  co..  Pa.,  52  miles  by 
rail  S.  by  W.  from  Corning,  N.Y.  Bituminous  coal  is 
mined  near  this  place,  which  is  owned  by  the  Fall  Brook 
Coal  Company.     Pop.  about  1 200. 

Antrim,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  co.,  Ontario,  4  miles 
from  Pakenham.     Pop.  130. 

Antrim,  a  post- village  in  Halifax  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  7 
miles  from  Milford.     Pop.  150. 

Antrim  City,  an  iron-manufacturing  village  of  Antrim 
CO.,  Mich.,  virtually  a  part  of  the  village  of  Mancelona, 
though  outside  of  the  corporate  limits  of  the  latter,  is  on 


the  E.  shore  of  Grand  Traverse  Bay,  30  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Traverse  City.     Pop.  in  1890,  480. 

Antrodoco,  &n-tro-do'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Aquila,  7i  miles  E.  of  Civita  Duoale.     Pop.  3781. 

Antuco,  &n-too'ko,  a  volcano  and  town  of  the  Chilian 
Andes,  140  miles  E.  of  Concepcion.     Lat.  26°  50'  S. ;  Ion. 
70°  40'  W.     The  volcano  is  said  to  bo  about  16,000  feet  high. 
Antunacum,  the  ancient  name  of  Andbr.nacu. 
Antura,  a  town  of  Syria.    See  Antookaii. 

Antwerp,  ant'wfrp  (Dutch,  Antwerpen,  int'^^Arp-^n ) 
L.  Antucr'pia ;  Fr.  Anvcra,  &N»'vaiR';  Sp.  Ambires,  Im- 
fli'rfis),  a  city  of  Belgium,  capital  of  a  province  of  its  own 
name,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Scheldt,  273  miles  by  rail- 
way  N.  of  Brussels,  and  32  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ghent.  Lat. 
of  the  cathedral,  51°  13'  2"  N. ;  Ion.  4°  24'  2"  E.  It  is 
strongly  fortified,  its  walls  and  other  defences  completely 
encompassing  the  city  on  the  land  side,  having  more  than 
12  miles  of  massive  ramparts.  The  appearance  of  the  city 
is  exceedingly  picturesaue, — an  effect  produced  by  its  nu- 
merous  churches,  convents,  magnificent  public  buildings, 
its  monuments  of  Rubens,  Conscience,  Van  Dyck,  Ac,  its 
elaborate  and  extensive  fortifications,  and  the  profusion  of 
beautiful  trees.  All  the  main  streets  and  the  new  avenues, 
from  the  elegance  of  their  buildings,  are  imposing,  and 
many  stately  antique-looking  houses  give  a  characteriatin 
feature  to  Antwerp.  The  famous  cathedral,  built  in  1322- 
1410,  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  specimens  of  Gothic 
architecture  in  general.  Other  churches  of  note  are  St. 
James's,  St.  Andrew's,  and  St.  Paul's.  Among  the  other 
edifices  are  the  Exchange  (built  in  1583,  burned  in  1858, 
and  rebuilt  in  the  old  style  in  1809-72),  the  II6tcl  de  Ville,  a 
splendid  structure  of  marble,  the  Maison  Anseatic,  and  the 
palace.  Its  institutions  comprise  academies  of  painting, 
of  the  fine  arts,  ond  of  the  sciences,  a  gallery  of  sculpture, 
several  picture-galleries  and  art-museums,  contai:iing  the 
finest  works  of  the  first  masters  of  the  Flemish  school,  a 
public  library,  botanical  and  zoological  gardens,  numerous 
learned  societies,  schools,  hospitals,  asylums,  and  work- 
houses. Of  the  docks,  dock-yards,  and  basins  constructed 
by  Bonaparte,  at  an  expense,  it  is  said,  of  $10,000,000,  the 
last  only  remain.  They  are  now  converted  into  commercial 
docks,  lined  with  capacious  warehouses.  The  harbor  is  one 
of  the  finest  in  the  world.  In  1887  the  harbor  admitted 
4176  foreign  vessels  with  3,800,000  tons  burthen.  Forty 
regular  steamer  lines  start  from  Antwerp  to  all  parts  of  the 
world.  Antwerp  is  joined  by  great  canals  with  llolland  and 
the  river  Maas.  In  1874  the  differences  existing  between 
Antwerp  and  the  government  of  Belgium  were  adjusted, 
and  the  famous  citadel  of  Antwerp,  which  had  existed  300 
years,  was  blown  up  in  the  presence  of  King  Leopold  II. 
The  principal  manufivctures  of  the  city  are  black  silks  and 
velvets,  soap,  leather,  spirits,  camlets,  serges,  and  flannels. 
Cotton,  linen,  lace,  carpets,  hats,  and  cutlery  are  also  manu- 
factured to  a  considerable  extent.  There  are  also  sugar- 
refineries,  and  a  good  deal  of  ship-building.  The  trade  and 
commerce  of  Antwerp  are  extensive,  and  for  hides,  petro- 
leum, wool,  grain,  coffee,  cotton,  coal,  oils,  timber,  iron,  and 
guano  it  is  one  of  the  largest  importing  places  on  the  conti- 
nent. Antwerp  in  the  fifteenth  and  sixteenth  centuries  was 
the  great  centre  of  European  commerce,  an  average  of  600 
vessels  daily  entering  its  port..  Pop.  in  1875,  148,814;  in 
1882,  175,636;  in  1891,  227,225. 

Antwerp,  a  province  of  Belgium,  bounded  N.  by  the 
Netherlands,  E.  by  Limbourg,  S.  by  South  Brabant,  and  W. 
by  East  Flanders.  Area,  1093  square  miles.  Pop.  699,671. 
Surface  mostly  level ;  principal  rivers,  the  Scheldt  and  its 
affluents  the  Nethe  and  the  Dyle.  In  the  N.  are  extensive 
reclaimed  heaths ;  most  of  the  soil  is  fertile.  Products  com- 
prise corn,  hemp,  hops,  madder,  and  turf.  Manufacturea 
comprise  l.ace,  cotton,  silk,  and  tobacco. 

Ant'werp,  a  township  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
2209.     It  contains  Lawton. 

Antwerp,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  is  in 
Antwerp  township,  on  Indian  River,  and  on  the  Rome^ 
Watertown  A  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  23  miles  N.E.  of  Water- 
town.  It  contains  the  Black  River  Conference  Seminary, 
1  newspaper  office,  1  bank,  5  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
lumber  and  iron.  Pop.  773.  The  township  has  mines  of 
iron  ore,  and  contains  a  village  named  Ox  Bow.    Pop.  3310. 

Antwerp,  a  post-village  of  Paulding  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Maumeo  River,  the  Wabash  A  Erie  Canal,  and  the  Wabash 
Railroad,  22  or  23  miles  E.N.E.  of  Fort  Wayno,  and  71 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Toledo.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school, 
a  furnace  for  pig-iron,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of 
hubs  and  spokes.    A  newspaper  is  issued  here.    Pop.  1275. 

Antwerp,  a  locality  in  the  oil  country  of  Clarion  ci). 
Pa.    It  has  a  pipe-line  for  oil,  running  to  Oil  City. 


ANU 


507 


API 


An-Ung-Hoy',  an  island  of  China,  in  the  Canton 
River,  opposite  Tycocktow  Island,  bounds,  with  Chuen-Pee 
Island,  the  entrance  of  the  Boca  Tigris,  on  the  E. 

Anurajahpoora,  i-noo-ri-ji-poo'ri,  Aiiaradja- 
poura,  Anarajapoora,  i-nil-ri-ja.-poo'ril,  or  Anura- 
japoora,  the  ancient  capital  of  the  island  of  Ceylon,  now 
f  ma^s  of  ruins.     It  lies  48  miles  N.  of  Dambool. 

Anvers,  the  French  name  of  Antwerp. 

Anvik,  in-vik',  a  native  village  of  Alaska,  on  the  river 
Anvik,  near  its  mouth.     Pop.  200. 

Anvik  River,  in  Alaska,  rises  in  the  Anvik  Mountains 
and  flows  into  the  Yukon,  from  the  W.,  220  miles  from  the 
sea.     Length,  50  miles. 

Anxanum,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Lanciano. 

Anxious  Bay,  on  the  coast  of  South  Australia.  Lat. 
32°  12'  S. ;  Ion.  1U°  15'  E. 

Anxur,  the  ancient  name  of  Terracina. 

Anza,  dn'zi,  a  river  of  Italy,  rises  on  the  E.  side  of 
Monte  Rosa,  and  falls  into  the  Toce. 

Anzano  degli  Irpini,  in-zi'no  diFyce  fiR-pee'nee,  a 
village  of  Italy,  in  Avellino,  2  miles  W.  of  Accadia.   P.  2458. 

Anzarba,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Ain-Zarbe. 

Anzaisca,  Val  d',  Italy.     See  Val  d'Anzasca. 

Aiizat-Ie-Luguet,  ftNo'zi'leh-lii'gi',  a  village  of 
France,  in  Puy-de-D6me,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Ardes ;  has  mines 
of  arsenic  and  antimony,  also  mineral  springs.     Pop.  1526. 

Anzerma,  or  Ancerma,  in-s^R'mi,  a  town  of  Co- 
lombia, 170  miles  N.N.E.  of  Popayan,  near  the  river  Cauca. 

Anzi,  in'zee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Potenza,  on  a 
mountain,  11  miles  S.S.E.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  3654. 

Auzin,  6jj»^z^no',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Nord, 
on  a  railway,  1  mile  N.W.  of  Valenciennes.  Pop.  7283. 
It  is  the  centre  of  the  greatest  coal-works  in  France,  and 
has  iron-foundries  and  machine-shops,  brass-works,  sugar- 
refineries,  gin-distilleries,  and  glass-works. 

Anzio,  Porto  d'.    See  Porto  d'Anzio. 

Anzooan,  Anzouan,  or  Anzuan.    See  Johanna. 

Aoiz,  d-o-eeth',  almost  i-weeth',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Na- 
varre, 16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pamplona.     Pop.  1196. 

Aon'Ia,  a  town  of  India,  North-West  Provinces,  dis- 
trict and  20  miles  S.W.  of  Bareilly.    Pop.  9947. 

Aor,  4'or,  Aur,  owr,  Awar,  i'war,  or  Poo'Io-Aur, 
an  island  47  miles  B.  of  the  Malay  peninsula.  Lat.  2°  29' 
N.;  Ion.  104°  34'  E.     Pop.  1400. 

Aosta,  i-os'ti  (anc.  Atignsta  Prxto'rta),  a  town  of 
Italy,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Dora  Baltea,  49  miles  by 
rail  N.N.W.  of  Turin.  Pop.  7609.  Among  its  buildings 
are  a  Gothic  cathedral,  the  remains  of  a  Roman  amphithea- 
tre, and  a  fine  triumphal  arch.  Trade  in  cheese,  leather, 
hemp,  and  wine.  It  is  a  bishop's  see.  The  rich  valley  of 
Aosta  is  celebrated  for  its  forests  of  pine,  extensive  mines 
of  iron,  copper,  lead,  and  silver,  and  marble-quarries. 

Aous,  the  ancient  name  of  the  river  Voyussa. 

Aouste,  i^oost'  (anc.  Aur/us'ta),  a  town  of  France,  on 
the  river  Drome,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Die.     Pop.  1265. 

Apache,  i-pi'chi,  a  county  of  Arizona,  bordering  on 
Utah  and  New  Mexico,  Area,  21,060  square  miles.  Capi- 
tal, St.  John's.     Pop.  in  1890,  4281. 

Apache  (i-p4'chi)  Indiana,  a  tribe  of  Indians  of 
Mexico,  New  Mexico,  and  Arizona.  They  are  of  many 
bands  or  subdivisions.  Those  in  the  United  States  have 
been  subdued  by  force  after  many  years  of  hostility,  and 
placed  upon  reservations.  These  people  belong  to  the  stock 
or  ethnological  division  which  includes  the  Shoshones,  Na- 
Tajoes,  and  the  Tinneh  of  Alaska. 

Apacza  es  Puszta,  oh'pit'soh*  esh  pooss't6h\  a  village 
of  Hungary,  Csanad,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Batonya.    Pop.  2350. 

Apa  es  Apahcgy,  oh'poh^  esh  op'poh'hedj',  a  vilhge 
of  Hungary,  co.  of  Szatbmar,  14  miles  W.  of  Erdod.  Pop. 
2780. 

Apae,  an  island  of  the  New  Hebrides.    See  Apee. 

Apalachee.    See  Appalaciiee. 

Apalachicola.    See  Appalachicola. 

Apalach'in,  a  post-village  of  Tioga  co.,  N.Y.,  is  in 
Owego  township,  and  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  about  8 
miles  above  Owego.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  <fce. 
Pop.  300,    It  is  1  mile  from  Campville  on  the  Erie  Railroad. 

Apalo'na,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  Ind.,  40  miles  S. 
by  E.  of  Loogootee. 

Apam,  ^'pim',  a  district  of  Africa,  Gold  Coast,  ceded  by 
the  Dutch  to  England  in  1873. 

Apamama,  4-pi-md,'mS,,  an  island  in  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
one  of  the  Gilbert  Group.    Lat.  0°  30'  S.;  Ion.  173°  54'  W. 

Apanormia,  a  town  of  Greece.     See  Epanomeria. 

Apari,  or  Aparri,  i-pii-ree',  a  town  in  the  island  of 
Luzon,  in  the  Philippines,  at  its  N.  extremity,  on  the  coast, 
tod  at  the  mouth  of  the  Apari  River.     Pop.  5990, 


Apdtfolva,  Sb^pit'fsrvoh^  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Csanfld,  on  the  Maros,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Mako.     Pop.  4000. 

Apati,  6h^p5.'tee\  a  Wallachian  town  of  Hungary,  co. 
of  Arad,  35  mile's  N.N.E.  of  Arad.     Pop.  3132. 

Apatin,  oh^pohHeen',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  BacB,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Danube,  60  miles  S.  of  Baja.  It  has  & 
trade  in  hemp,  madder,  woad,  and  silk.      Pop.  11,047. 

Apcheron,  a  peninsula  of  Russia.     See  Apsheron. 

Apee,  Apae,  or  Api,  &'pec,  a  small  island  of  the 
New  Hebrides,  in  the  Pacific.    Lat.  16°  36'  S.;  Ion.  168°  E. 

Apeldoorn,  S,'pel-doRn\  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Gelderland,  on  the  Grift,  an  affluent  of  the  Yssel,  17 
miles  N.E.  of  Arnhcm,  has  paper-mills,  and  manufacture*! 
of  woollens.     Pop.  12,770. 

Apenesta,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Viesti. 

Apennines,  ap'§n-ninz^  (It.  Appemniw,  4p-p&-nee'no  5 
anc.  Apenni'nut  Mons),  a  mountain-chain  which  detaches 
itself  from  the  Maritime  Alps  at  the  pass  of  Cadibona, 
about  Ion.  9°  E.,  having  a  general  direction  first  from  W. 
to  E.,  nearly  parallel  with  the  Pennine  and  Lepontino 
Alps,  from  which  it  is  sep.iratcd  by  the  valley  of  the  Po. 
In  about  Ion.  12°  E.  the  chain  turns  towards  the  8.,  and 
traverses  the  Italian  peninsula  throughout  its  entire  length, 
separating  near  the  S.  extremity  so  as  to  embrace  the  Gulf 
of  Taranto.  The  entire  length  is  about  800  miles.  Tho 
Apennines  often  present  rounded  tops  and  a  uniform  crest, 
whence  branches  descend  to  the  coasts,  between  which,  val- 
leys, such  as  that  of  the  Tiber,  open  into  extensive  plains. 
But  the  S.  slope  of  that  part  of  the  chain  which  bounds  tha 
Gulf  of  Genoa  is  composed  of  escarpments  which  rise  abruptly 
from  the  sea.  Among  the  detached  portions  of  the  Apen- 
nines are  the  mountains  of  Piombino  in  Tuscany,  Mount 
Albano  near  Rome,  and  Mount  Vesuvius  neiir  Naples.  Nono 
of  the  summits  attain  the  limit  of  perpetual  snow.  Mount 
Etna  (which  may  justly  be  regarded  as  forming  a  part  of 
the  Apennine  system),  and  Monte  Corno  (or  Monte  Cavallo), 
are  the  highest  points,  the  former  having  an  elevation  of 
about  10,874  feet,  the  latter  of  9519  feet.  The  other  prin- 
cipal summits  are  Monte  Cimone,  in  the  N.Apennines,  6976 
feet,  and  Monte  Amaro,  in  the  S.  Apennines,  9131  feet;  but 
the  chain  in  general  is  much  lower.  The  S.W.  part  is  a 
volcanic  region,  comprising  Vesuvius,  the  only  active  vol- 
cano on  the  continent  of  Europe,  and  many  thermal  springs. 
On  the  N.  is  the  volcanic  mass  of  Voltore  near  Melfi.  The 
constitution  of  the  chain  is  chiefly  calcareous;  prim.ary 
rocks  are  found  only  at  the  two  extremities,  in  Piedmont 
and  Calabria.  Iron  is  found  in  small  quantities,  and  ex- 
tensive saliferous  deposits  occur  near  Cosenza ;  but  the 
celebrated  marble  of  Carrara,  Seravczza,  and  Sienna  consti- 
tutes the  chief  riches  of  the  Apennines.  Below  3200  feet 
in  elevation  the  flanks  of  the  principal  chain  are  covered 
with  a  varied  vegetation,  of  which  the  orange,  citron,  olive, 
and  palm  form  the  lower  zone;  but  forests  arc  rare  in  the 
Apennines.  Above  3200  feet,  the  mountains  are  generally 
devoid  of  vegetation. 

Apenrade,  i-pen-r&'d^h,  or  Aabenraa,  &'b?n-ra,', 
a  seaport  town  of  Prussia,  in  Sleswick,  on  a  fiord  of  the 
same  name  in  the  Little  Belt,  and  on  a  railway,  ."^5  miles  N. 
of  Sleswick.  Lat.  55°  2' 46"  N.;  Ion.  9°  25' 12"  E.  Chief 
industry  in  agricultural  produce,  ship-building,  and  the 
transport  of  goods.     Pop.  5933. 

A'pex,  a  post-village  of  Wake  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  Raleigh 
k  Augusta  Railroad,  14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Raleigh.  It  ha« 
2  churches. 

Aphroditopolis.     See  Atfeh. 

Api,  an  island  of  the  New  Hebrides.    See  Apee, 

Apia,  i'pe-i,  a  village  and  harbor  in  the  island  of  Upola, 
Saraoan  Group,  South  Pacific  Ocean.  Lat.  14°  2'  S. ;  Ion, 
171°  21'  W,  The  harbor  is  small,  but  sale.  It  is  much 
resorted  to  by  whalers. 

Apiahy,  i-pe-i'ee,  a  village  of  Brazil,  in  the  state  of 
Sao  Paulo,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Itapeteninga.     Pop.  1306. 

Apice,  4'pee-chi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  10  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Benevento.     Pop.  3664. 

Apipe,  8,-pec'pi,  a  large  island  of  the  Argentine  Re- 
public, in  the  river  Parana,  and  divided  from  Paraguay  by 
a  channel.     Here  are  the  last  rapids  of  the  river. 

Apiro  di  Cingoii,  i-pee'ro  dee  cheen'go-lee,  »  village 
of  Italy,  province  of  Macerata,  near  the  Mu8on«.  Pop, 
2888.  _ 

Apish'apa,  or  Apish'pa,  a  river  of  Colorado,  rises 
near  the  Spanish  Peaks,  runs  northeastward  through  Laa 
Animas  co.,  and  enters  the  Arkansas  River  in  Bent  co., 
near  Apishapa  Railroad  Station.    Length,  nearly  150  miles. 

Apishapa,  a  post-hamlet  of  Las  Animas  co.,  Colorado, 
73  miles  S.  of  Pueblo,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  near 
the  Spanish  Peaks.     It  has  a  church,  and  a  school  in  whiob 


API 


608 


APP 


'th«  Sfanish  Innguage  la  used.  Tt  !b  about  15  miles  E.  of 
Apishnpa  Station  on  tlie  Denver  A  Rio  Orande  Railroad. 

Apishnpa*  a  station  in  Bent  co.,  Colorado,  oc  the  Ar- 
kansas River,  and  the  Atchison,  Topelta  A  Santa  F6  Rail- 
nod,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Apishapo,  44  miles  E.  of  Pueblo. 

Aplcrbeck,  il'plQr-b4k\  a  village  in  Westphalia,  on  a 
railwav.  5  miles  E.S.E.  of  Dortmund.     Pop.  4173. 

Ap'lington,  a  post-village  of  Butlur  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Monroe  township,  on  the  Dubuque  A  Sioux  City  Paiilroad, 
123  mi!o«  W.  of  Dubuque.  It  has  a  church,  several  stores, 
a  grist-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  about  200. 

Apo,  4'po,  or  Ap'po,  a  group  of  islands,  Strait  of  Min- 
doro,  Malay  Archipelago.    Lat.  12°  39'  N.;  Ion.  120°  28'  E. 

Apo,  4'po,  a  suiiiU  island  off  the  S.  extremity  of  Ncgros 
Island,  one  of  the  Philippines,  in  lat.  9°  N.,  Ion.  123°  E. 

Apoha'qui,or  Mouth  of  IMill-Strcnm,  a  post-vil- 
lage in  Kings  eo..  New  Brunswick,  39  miles  by  rail  N.N.E. 
of  St.  John.     Pop.  300. 

Apol'ncon,  a  townsh'p  of  Susquehanna  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
'  628.     It  contains  Little  Meadows. 

Apolda^  i-pol'di,  a  town  of  Germany,  Saxe-Wcimar, 
on  a  railway,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Weimar.  Pop.  10,507.  It 
has  mineral  springs,  and  manufactories  of  hosiery,  bell?,  Ac. 

Apolima,  4-po-lee'ni!V,  one  of  the  smallest  of  the  Navi- 
gator's Islands.     Lat.  13°  49'  S. ;  Ion.  172°  3'  W. 

Apollinopolis  Mngna,  the  ancient  name  of  Edfoo. 

Apollinopolis  Parva,  the  ancient  name  of  Qnoos. 

Apol'lo,  a  post-borough  of  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
'  Kiskiminctas  River,  and  on  the  Western  Pennsylvania 
division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  40  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Pittsburg.  A  bridge  here  crosses  the  river,  which  runs 
•  between  Apollo  and  the  railroad.  Apollo  has  5  churches, 
a  graded  school,  a  savings-bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  roll- 
ing-mill, and  a  manufactory  of  fire-brick.    Pop.  (1890)  2156. 

Apollo  liay^  an  inlet  of  Bass's  Strait,  on  the  S.  coast 
.of  Australia,  Victoria,  60  miles  S.W.  of  Port  Phillip  Bay. 

Apollonia,  il-pol-lo'nc-a,  or  Amanahca,  Jl-ui4-nil- 
hi'i,  a  district,  cape,  and  fort  in  Northwest  Africa,  on  the 
-Gold  Coast.  The  district  between  the  rivers  Ankober  and 
Assinee  is  about  53  miles  in  length  from  E.  to  W.,  and  from 
■10  to  15  miles  in  breadth.  Cape  Apollonia  is  in  lat.  4°  59' 
N.,  Ion.  2°  35'  W.  Fort  Apollonia,  a  British  settlement, 
.stands  on  the  beach,  about  4  miles  from  the  cape. 

Apollonia,  the  ancient  name  of  Siseboli. 

Apolobamba,  i-po-lo-bim'bi,  or  Apolabamba,  a 
town  of  Bolivia,  capital  of  the  province  of  Beni,  on  the 
Tuiche,  165  miles  N.  of  La  Paz. 

Aponormeria,  a  town  of  Greece.    See  Epanomeria. 

Apop'ka,  a  post-town  of  Orange  co.,  Fla.,  on  three  rail- 
roads, near  Apopka  Lake,  11  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Orlando, 
and  about  80  miles  S.  of  Palatka.  It  has  6  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  wood-working  mills.  Pop. 
in  1890,  490. 

Apos'ties  Islands,  in  the  Strait  of  Magellan,  where 
it  joins  the  Pacific  Ocean,  lat.  52°  34'  S.,  Ion.  75°  6'  W. 

Apostles  Islands,  or  The  Twelve  Apostles,  a 
group  of  27  islands  in  Lake  Superior,  belong  to  Ashland  co., 
Wis.  Among  them  are  Madeline,  Presque,  Alabama,  Aus- 
trian, Chapman,  Higgins,  Outer,  Oak,  Bosswood,  Brown- 
fBtone,  Hermit's,  Michigan,  Shoal,  Rice's,  Hemlock,  Tates', 
Bear,  Devil's,  Willey's,  Steamboat,  Vaughn's,  Sand,  York, 
and  Raspberry  Islands.  They  have  about  200  square  miles 
in  land  area.  Brown  sandstone  (Potsdam)  is  extensively 
quarried  on  Basswood  Island  by  steam  machinery.  La- 
p<)inte,  on  Madeline  Island,  is  the  only  town  of  importance. 

Appalachee,  ap-pa-lah'chee,  a  river  of  Georgia,  rises 
in  Gwinnett  county.  It  runs  nearly  southeastward,  forms 
the  boundary  between  Clarke  county  and  Walton  county, 
and  enters  the  Oconee  where  the  Georgia  Railroad  crosses 
that  river.     Length,  about  80  miles. 

Appalachee  Bay,  a  large,  open  bay  on  the  S.  coast 
of  Florida.  Lat.  30°  N. ;  Ion.  84°  15'  W.  Breadth,  about 
,90  miles ;  extent  inland,  50  miles. 

Appalachee  or  Apalachce  River,  Fla.,  an  arm  of 
Appalachee  Bay.    See  Saint  Mark's. 

Appala'chian  Mountains,  otherwise  called  the 
Allcghanies,  a  system  of  mountains  in  the  eastern  part 
.of  the  United  States.  The  term  comprises  all  the  mountain- 
pdgcs  between  the  Atlantic  Ocean  and  the  Mississippi 
River.  The  system  extends  from  the  province  of  Quebec  to 
the  northern  part  of  Alabama,  nearly  1300  miles,  and  con- 
/lists  of  numerous  parallel  ridges,  the  direction  of  which  is 
nearly  N.E.  and  S.W.  Among  the  local  names  given  to 
.these  monntains  are  White  MountAins  in  New  Hampshire, 
Green  Mountains  in  Vermont,  Adirondacks  in  New  York, 
Allcghanies  in  Pennsylvania,  Blue  Ridge  in  Virginia,  and 
Black  Mountains   in   North   Carolina.     In  Pennsylvania, 


which  Is  near  the  middle,  the  mountains,  with  intervening 
valleys,  occupy  a  tract  about  100  miles  wide.  Towards  the 
extremities  tncy  diminish  in  width  but  increa«e  in  altitude. 
Mount  AVashington,  in  New  Hampshire,  is  6288  feet  high ; 
Mount  Marcy,  in  New  York,  5467,  and  Monnt  Mansfield,  in 
Vermont,  4430  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  The  highext 
peaks  of  the  whole  system  are  the  Black  Mountains  of 
North  Carolina,  one  of  which,  the  Black  Dome,  is  6707  feet. 
In  Pennsylvania  they  present  no  high  peaks,  but  nearly 
straight,  parallel  ridges,  remarkable  for  their  regularity  and 
evenness  of  outline.  "The  crest  of  the  ridges  seen  nt  the 
horizon,"  says  Guyot,  "appears  like  a  uniform  unindciitoJ 
lino,  without  sharp  peaks  or  deep  paases." 

The  Appalachians  are  mostly  composed  of  stratified  rocks, 
sandstones,  shales,  and  limestones  or  the  Silurian,  Devonian, 
and  Carboniferous  ages.  Granitic  or  metamor})hic  rocks 
form  the  nuclei  of  several  high  peaks  in  Vermont,  New 
Hampshire,  and  New  York.  The  Silurian  strata  are  very 
thick.  "  In  the  course  of  these  oscillations,"  says  Prof. 
Dana,  "  from  the  beginning  of  the  Trenton  to  the  close  of 
the  Niagara  period,  12,660  feetof  rock  were  deposited  along 
the  Appalachians."  No  rock  more  recent  than  the  coul 
formation  is  found  on  or  near  their  summits.  This  system 
of  mountains  is  the  secondary  axis  in  the  continental  system 
of  highlands,  determines  the  trend  of  the  Atlantic  coast, 
and  forms  the  water-shed  between  the  Atlantic  and  the  basin 
of  the  Mississippi.  Among  the  remarkable  features  of  the 
Appalachians  are  the  gaps  or  chasms  through  which  the 
Hudson,  Delaware,  and  Potomac  Rivers  find  a  passage. 
Grand  and  picturesque  scenery  also  occurs  among  the  AVhite 
Mountains,  the  Catskills,  and  the  Adirondacks  (which  sec). 
The  Appalachians  are  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  good 
timber,  including  the  ash,  beech,  hickory,  chestnut,  white 
oak  and  other  oaks,  sugar-maple,  white  pine,  and  wild 
cherry.  They  contain  inexhaustible  deposits  of  magnetic 
iron  ore,  hematite,  anthracite  and  bituminous  coal,  with 
some  other  valuable  minerals.  The  great  Appalachian  coal- 
field occupies  parts  of  Pennsylvania,  Ohio,  Virginia,  AVcst 
Virginia,  Kentucky,  Tennessee,  and  Alabama.  This  coal- 
field is  about  850  miles  long.  The  area  of  the  coal-beds 
which  can  be  profitably  worked  in  it  is  estimated  at  60,000 
square  miles.  "The  Appalachians,"  says  Dana,  "have 
probably  lost  by  denudation  more  material  than  they  now 
contain.  The  whole  Appalachian  region  consists  of  ridges 
of  strata  isolated  by  long  distances  from  others  with  which 
they  were  once  continuous." 

Ap^pala^chico'la,  a  river  of  Florida,  is  formed  by  the 
confluence  of  the  Chattahoochee  and  Flint  Rivers,  which  unite 
at  the  S.W.  corner  of  Georgia.  It  flows  nearly  southw.ird, 
forms  the  boundary  between  Calhoun  and  Liberty  counties 
in  Florida,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  through  Appa- 
l.achicola  Bay.  It  is  about  90  miles  long,  and  is  navigable 
by  steamboats  through  its  whole  extent. 

Appalachicola,  a  port  of  entry  and  capital  of  Frank- 
lin CO.,  Fla.,  is  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  at  the  mouth  of  Ap- 
palachicola River.  Cotton  is  shipped  at  this  port.  It  has 
4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  lumber. 
Pop.  in  1880,  1336;  in  1890,  2727. 

Appalachicola  Bay,  Florida,  lies  between  St.  George's 
Island  and  the  mainland.  The  entrance  is  indicated  by  a 
fixed  light  at  the  N.W.  point  of  St.  George's  I.-land. 

Ap^pala'ga,  or  As'paia'ga,  a  post-village  of  Gads- 
den CO.,  Fla.,  on  the  Appalachicola  River,  10  miles  below 
Chattahoochee. 

Appanoose,  ap'pa-noos'  or  np'pa-noos,  a  county  in 
the  8.  part  of  Iowa,  bordering  on  Missouri,  has  an  area  of 
about  600  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Chariton 
River,  which  enters  it  in  the  extreme  N.W.,  and  continues 
its  course  through  the  county  in  a  southeasterly  direction. 
It  is  also  drained  by  Soap  and  Walnut  Creeks.  Tlie  surface 
is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  by  prairies 
and  extensive  woodlands.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
oats,  hay,  live-stock,  and  butter  are  the  staple  jiroducts. 
Beds  of  coal  are  found  here.  This  county  is  travei-sed  by 
a  branch  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad, 
which  connects  with  the  Missouri,  Iowa  A  Nebraska  Rail- 
road at  Centreville,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  16,456;  in 
1880,  16,636;  in  1890,  18,961. 

Appanoose,  a  post-township  of  Hancock  co.,  III.,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  9  miles  below  Dallas  City.  It  has  3 
churches.     Pop.  1018. 

Appanoose,  a  post-hamlet  of  Douglas  co.,  Kansa.°,  16 
miles  N.W.  of  Ottawa. 

Apparizione,4p-pi-rit-ze-o'nd,  a  town  of  North  Italy, 
province  of  Genoa.     Pop.  2546. 

Appeltern,  ip'p?l-i4Rn\  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Gclderland,  4i  miles  S.S.-W.  of  Druten.     Pop.  3149. 


APP 


509 


APP 


Appennino,  the  Italian  name  for  the  Apennines. 

Appenweier,  3,p'p?n-<%'r?r,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  two 
railvvaj-s,  8  miles  E.  of  K(^l.     Pop.  1479. 

Appcnzell,  ip-pdnt-s611',  acanton  in  the  N.E.  of  Swit- 
xerland,  wholly  surrounded  by  the  canton  St.  Gall.  Area, 
153  square  miles.  Pop.  60,635.  It  is  subdivided  into  the 
Outer  and  Inner  Rh  jdes,  the  former  having  48,726  inhabit- 
ants, nearly  all  Protestants,  and  the  latter  12,000,  nearly 
all  Roman  Catholics.  Surface  mountainous,  especially  in 
the  S.,  where  Mount  Sentis  has  an  elevation  of  8232  feet. 
Chief  river,  the  Sitter,  which  i-uns  through  its  centre.  The 
inhabitants  of  Inner  Rhodes  are  mostly  agriculturists;  in 
Outer  Rhodes,  cotton-  and  linen-weaving,  embroidering,  and 
dyeing  are  the  principal  branches  of  industry.  Capital  of 
Inner  Rhodes,  Appcnzell ;  of  Outer  Rhodes,  Trogen.  The 
government,  in  both  subdivisions,  is  vested  in  a  grand  eoun- 
pil,  which  meets  the  assembled  population  once  a  j'ear  for 
legislative  business.  Appcnzell  holds  the  13th  place  in  the 
Swiss  Confederation.     Chief  towns,  Trogen,  Gais,  and  Iler- 

isau  in  Outer,  and  Appcnzell  in  Inner  Rhodes. Inhab. 

Api'E.nzeller,  ap-pfint-s6ri§r. 

Appcnzell)  a  town  of  Switzerland,  capital  of  Inner 
Rhodes,  in  the  above  canton,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Sitter, 
and  6  miles  S.  of  St.  Gall.  Pop.  3691,  mostly  Roman  Cath- 
olics. It  is  dirty  and  ill  built,  has  many  religious  edifices, 
s  council-house,  an  arsenal,  baths,  bleaching -grounds,  and 
a  trade  in  linen  fabrics. 

•  Appiano,  ip-pe-L'no,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Como,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Milan.     Pop.  2834. 

Ap'piau  Way,  a  groat  road,  built  by  Appius  Claudius, 
the  Roman  censor,  in  313  B.C.,  from  Rome  to  Capua,  125 
miles,  but  in  later  years  extended  to  Beneventum  and 
Brundisium.  It  was  built  in  a  very  thorough  manner,  paved 
with  blocks  of  hewn  stone  laid  on  cement,  its  breadth  aver- 
aging about  20  feet.  Parts  have  been  excavated  and  found 
to  be  still  in  excellent  preservation. 

Appignano,  &p-peen-yd,'no,  a  town  of  Central  Italy, 
province  and  10  miles  N.AV.  of  Macerata,     Pop.  2219. 

Appignano  di  Oflida,  ip-peen-yi'no  de  of'fe-dl,  a 
town  of  Central  Italy,  province  of  Ascoli  Piceno.   Pop.  172G. 

Ap'pin,  a  wild  district  of  the  Scottish  Highlands,  Ar- 
gyleshire,  on  Loch  Linnhe,  26  miles  N.W.  of  Inverary. 

Ap'piii,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  on  a 
railway,  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  London.     Pop.  100. 

Appingedam,  ip^ping-ha-dim',  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, 14  miles  N.E.  of  Groningen.     Pop.  3730. 

Ap'plebaclisVille,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  co..  Pa., 
in  Haycock  township,  42  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Appleby,  ap'p'1-be  (probably  the  ano.  Ahallaha),  a 
town  of  England,  capital  of  the  county  of  Westmoreland, 
on  the  Eden,  and  on  a  railway,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Penrith. 
Pop.  1989.  Chief  edifices,  the  castle,  the  church  of  St. 
Lawrence,  the  town  and  shire  halls,  a  grammar-school, 
founded  in  1574,  and  St.  Anne's  Hospital  for  Widows, 
founded  in  1654,  by  Ladv  Pembroke. 

Appleby,  a  post-village  in  Halton  co.,  Ontario,  on  a 
railway,  11  miles  from  Hamilton.     Pop.  150. 

Apple  Creek,  Illinois,  runs  southwestward  and  west- 
ward through  Greene  co.,  and  enters  the  Illinois  River. 

Apple  Creek,  a  small  stream  of  Henry  co..  Mo.,  falls 
Into  Grand  River,  an  afiiuent  of  the  Osage  River. 

Apple  Creek,  Missouri,  rises  in  Perry  co.,  runs  nearly 
eastward,  and  enters  the  Mississippi  in  Cape  Girardeau  co. 

Apple  Creek,  a  township  of  Cape  Girardeau  co..  Mo. 
Pop.  2626.     It  contains  Arnsberg. 

Apple  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  0.,  in  East 
Union  township,  on  the  Cleveland,  Mount  Vernon  &  Colum- 
bus Railroad,  98  miles  N.E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  3  churches 
and  a  high  school.    Pop.  300. 

Ap'pledore',  a  small  seaport  of  England,  co.  of  Devon, 
on  the  Torridge,  at  its  mouth  in  Barnstaple  Bay,  24  miles 
N.  of  Bideford. 

Appledore  Island,  Maine.    See  Isles  of  Shoals. 

Ap'plegate,  a  post-hamlet  of  Placer  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  46  miles  N.E.  of  Sacramento.  It 
has  a  quarry  of  limestone  and  extensive  lime-kilns. 

Appiegute,  a  post-village  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Plini  &  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  32  miles  N.  of  Port 
Huron. 

Applegate,  a  post-village  of  Ja«kson  co.,  Oregon,  on 
Apniegiite  Creek,  about  9  miles  S.W.  of  Jacksonville. 

Applegate  Creek,  Oregon,  rises  in  the  S.  part  of 
Jackson  co.,  runs  northwestward,  and  enters  the  Rogue 
River  in  Josephine  co. 

-\pple  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  eo.,  Ala.,  about 
25  miles  S.  of  Huntsville.    It  haa  2  churches. 


Apple  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C.,  35  miles 
from  Marion,  Va. 

Applegrove,  a  poet-hamlet  of  Meigs  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  18  miles  above  Pomeroy.     It  has  2  churches. 

Apple  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Louisa  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
South  Anna  River,  li  miles  from  Pendleton  Railroad  Sta- 
tion, which  is  55  miles  N.W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  flour-mill. 

Apple  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Mason  co.,  AV.  Va.,  on 
the  Ohio  River,  12  miles  below  Gallipolis,  0. 

Apple  River,  of  Illinois,  flows  southwestward  through 
Jo  Daviess  co.,  and  enters  the  Mississippi  about  7  milea 
above  Savanna,  in  Carroll  co. 

Apple  River,  of  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Polk  co.,  runs 
southwestward,  and  enters  the  St.  Croix  River,  in  St.  Croix 
CO.,  about  12  miles  N.  of  Hudson.     Length,  70  miles. 

Apple  River,  in  Cumberland  co..  Nova  Scotia,  falls 
into  the  Bay  of  Fundy.  At  its  mouth  it  forms  a  good 
harbor. 

Apple  River,  a  post-village  of  Jo  Daviess  co.,  111.,  in 
Apple  River  township,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad^ 
21  miles  E.N.E.  of  Galena.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a 
graded  school,  a  carriage-shop,  and  a  plough-factory.  Pop. 
about  700 ;  of  the  township  (1890),  950.  j 

Ap'pleton,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co.,  Ark.,  16  miles 
N.  of  Atkins,  and  33  miles  E.  of  Clarksville.  It  has  3 
churches  and  several  mills.     Pop.  200. 

Appleton,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  Me.,  in  Apple- 
ton  township,  on  George's  River,  13  miles  N.  of  Warren 
Station,  and  about  28  miles  E.  of  Augusta.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  tannery,  several  lumber-mills,  and  a  graded 
school.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1485. 

Appleton,  a  post-village  of  Swift  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Pomme  de  Terre  River,  and  on  two  railroads,  25  miles  S.W. 
of  Benson.  It  has  6  churches,  a  state  bank,  a  brewery  and 
flour-mills,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  1200. 

Appleton,  a  post-village  of  Cape  Girardeau  co..  Mo., 
about  90  miles  S.S.E.  of  St.  Louis,  and  16  miles  N.  of  Jack- 
son.    It  has  a  brewery. 

Appleton,  a  post-office  of  Sheridan  co.,  Neb. 

Appleton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  about  30 
miles  N.E.  of  Columbus.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  56. 

Appleton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barnwell  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
Port  Royal  Railroad,  49  miles  E.S.E.  of  Augusta,  Ga. 

Appleton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Tenn.,  13, 
miles  S.W.  of  Pulaski. 

Appleton,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Outagamie  co..  Wis.,  on 
Fo.x  River  and  on  the  Chicago  &,  Northwestern  Railroad,  20 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Oshkosh,  29  miles  S.W.  of  Green  Bay,:  , 
and  185  miles  from  Chicago.  The  Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore 
&,  Western  Railroad  connects  it  with  Milwaukee,  120  miles 
distant.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  on  a  plateau  about  70 
feet  above  the  river,  and  near  the  rapids  called  Grand 
Chute,  which  afibrd  abundant  water-power.  It  has  2  na- 
tional banks  and  8  churches,  and  is  the  seat  of  Lawrence 
University  (Methodist  Episcopal),  which  was  founded  in 
1849.  Two  daily  and  5  Englisn  and  German  weekly  papers 
are  issued  here,  also  2  monthly  periodicals.  It  has  5  flour- 
mills,  6  paper-mills,  3  saw-mills,  a  woollen-mill,  and  manu-< 
factures  of  chairs,  hubs,  spokes,  staves,  and  machinery  and 
farm-implements.     Pop.  in  1880,  8005;  in  1890,  11,958. 

Appleton,  a  post-village  in  Lanark  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Ottawa.  It  has  water- 
power,  and  several  mills  and  woollen-factories.     Pop.  300. 

Appleton  City,  a  post-village  of  St.  Clair  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  Missouri,  Kansas  <fc  Texas  Railroad,  68  miles  S.W.  of 
Sedalia,  and  .31  miles  N.N.E.  of  Nevada.  It  has  2  churches, 
2  banks,  a  high  school,  and  2  newspaper  offices.  Pop.  in 
1880,  1034;  in  1890,  1081. 

Apple  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Ga., 
about  6  miles  N.  of  Jefferson. 

Ap'pling,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an. 
area  of  about  1000  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  the  Altamaha  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Hurricane 
Creek  and  other  head-streams  of  the  Satilla  River.  The; 
surface  is  level ;  the  soil  is  sandy  and  not  rich.  A  largo, 
portion  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  Indian  corn,  live- 
stock, and  sweet  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Macon  k  Brunswick  Railroad.  Capital, 
Baxley.    Pop.  in  1870,  6086;  in  1880,  5276;  in  1890,  8676.: 

Appling,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Columbia  co.,  Ga., 
about  28  miles  W.N.W,  of  Augusta.  It  has  2  churches 
and  an  academy. 

Appodi,  ip-po-dee',  a  river  of  Brazil,  province  of  Rio 
Grande  do  Norte,  rises  in  lat.  6°  25'  S.,  flows  N.N.E.,  and 
enters  the  Atlantic  in  lat.  4°  32'  S.     Length,  150  miles. 

Appolonia«  Africa.    See  Apollonia. 


APP 


510 


AQU 


Ap^pomat'toXf  a  river  of  Virginia,  rises  in  Appomat- 
tox ou.  Ita  general  dircotiun  18  eiiatwurd.  In  the  lower 
part  of  its  oourso  it  furni<  the  boundary  between  Amelia 
and  Dinwiddle  oos.  on  tlio  right  and  Puwlintan  and  ChoS' 
terfleld  ooa.  on  tlio  left,  and  enters  the  James  River  at  City 
Point.  Length,  about  160  miles.  It  is  navigable  for  sloops 
or  small  steamboats  to  Potoriiburg,  about  15  miles  from  its 
moutli,  iiml  by  frcijjht-boiits  to  Farmvillo,  101)  miles  higher. 

AppoiiiuUox,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Vir- 
giuiii,  hu8  an  area  of  about  200  square  miles.  It  id  bounded 
on  the  X.W.  by  the  James  Iliver,  and  is  drained  by  the 
head-streiims  of  the  Appomattox  Iliver.  The  surface  is 
hilly,  and  18  partly  covered  with  extensive  forests;  the  soil 

Sroduoes  tobacco,  Indian  corn,  oats,  Ac,  It  is  intersected 
y  the  Norfolk  &  Western  Railroad.  The  James  Hiver 
Canal  passes  along  the  border  of  the  county.  Capital,  Ap- 
pomattox Court-llouse.  Pop.  in  1880, 10,080;  in  1890,  9589. 
.  Appomnttoxy  a  post-village  of  Qrant  co.,  Kansas,  about 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Ulysses. 

Appomattox  Court-House,  a  post-villnge,  capital 
of  Appomattox  oo.,  Va.,  about  '2i  miles  K.  of  Lynchburg. 
It  is  3  miles  N.  of  Appomattox  Station  un  the  Norfolk  & 
Western  Railroad.  Here  Qen.  Lee  surrendered  his  army 
to  Oon.  Grant,  April  9,  1863.     It  has  a  church. 

Appomattox  Station,  in  Appomattox  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Norfolk  A  Western  Railroad,  23  miles  E.  of  Lynchburg. 

Ap^ponaug',  a  post- village  in  Warwick  township,  Kent 
CO.,  R.I.,  ou  Warwick  Bay  and  on  the  Stonington  &  Provi- 
dence Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of  Providence.  It  has  2  churches, 
^  fine  hotel,  the  Oriental  Print  Works,  a  woollen-yarn  fac- 
tory, and  steam  planing-,  saw-,  and  grist-mills.    Pop.  703. 

Appon^cgan'sett)  a  post-village  of  Bristol  co,,  Mass., 
in  Dartmouth  township,  3  miles  from  New  Bedford.  It  has 
2  churches. 

Ap^pong'v  one  of  the  three  large  islands  N.E.  of  the 
coast  of  Sumatra,  in  the  Straits  of  Malacca,  about  90  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Singapore. 

Appoquin'imink,  a  small  creek  of  New  Castle  co., 
Del.,  flows  eastward  into  Delaware  Bay. 

Appoquinimink,  a  hundred  of  New  Castle  oo.,  Del. 
Pop.  4299.  It  extends  across  the  state,  and  includes  several 
villages. 

Aprcmont,  I'pr^h^mAn"',  or  Aspremont,  is'pr?h'- 
Tobtf'  (Ital.  Anpromonte,  Is-pro-mon'ti),  a  village  of  France, 
in  Alpes-Maritiraes,  6  miles  N.  of  Nice.     Pop.  1700. 

Apricena,  4-pre-chi'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
23  miles  N.N.W.  of  Foggia,  on  a  railway.     Pop.  5308. 

Apriirliano,  &-preel-yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  6  miles  S.E.  of  Cosenza.     Pop.  3857. 

Aps,  ips  (anc.  Al'ha  Amjus'taf),  a  village  of  France, 
department  of  Ardfeche,  12  miles  S.  of  Privas.     Pop.  1592. 

Apsheron,  or  Abscheron,  ip-shi-ron',  written  also 
Apcheron  and  Abcheron,  a  peninsula  of  the  Russian 
dominions,  extending  for  40  miles  into  the  Caspian  Sea,  and 
terminating  in  Cape  Apsheron.  Lat.  40°  32'  N. ;  Ion.  50°  12' 
E.  It  forms  the  E.  extremity  of  the  Caucasian  chain,  and  is 
of  miocene  origin,  underlaid  by  coal-bearing  Jurassic  rocks. 
Its  soil  is  impregnated  with  sulphur  and  inflammable  gas. 
(See  Atesh-iJa.)  Large  quantities  of  black  and  white 
naphtha  and  petroleum  are  obtained  annually  in  this  pen- 
insula, besides  saffron,  madder,  and  salt.  On  its  S.  coast  is 
the  port  of  Bakoo. 

Apsley  (aps'lee)  River,  Australia,  colony  of  New  South 
Wales,  rises  near  lat.  31°  S.  and  Ion.  151°  40'  E.,  flows 
eastward,  and  enters  the  McLeay  River.  Its  course  is 
partly  in  a  great  canon  with  walls  1000  feet  high. 

Ap'sley  Strait  is  between  Melville  and  Bathurst 
Islands,  off  the  N.  coast  of  Australia.  Length,  46  miles; 
breadth,  from  1 J  to  4  miles.   Shores  bordered  by  mangroves. 

Apsoriis,  the  ancient  name  of  Lossin'i. 

Apt,  .\pt  (anc.  Ap'ui  Jn'lia),  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Vaucluse,  on  the  Calavon,  29  miles  E.S.E.  of  Avi- 
gnon. Pop.  5940.  It  is  enclosed  by  old  walls,  and  has  a 
curious  eathednvl  and  many  Roman  antiquities,  with  manu- 
factures of  woollen  and  cotton  stuffs,  earthenware,  and  con- 
fectionery.    It  was  embellished  by  Caesar. 

Ap'to,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  11  miles 
from  Barrie.     Pop.  100. 

Aptos,  ap'tSs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Santa  Cruz  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Santa  Cruz  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of  Santa  Cruz.  It 
has  a  church. 

Apulia,  &-pu']e-a.  or  La  Puglia,  1&  pool'yS.,  an  an- 
cient province  of  Southern  Italy,  one  of  the  divisions  of 
Magna  Grsecia,  and  at  present  a  compartimento  of  the  king- 
dom of  Italy,  forming  the  provinces  of  Bori,  Foggia,  and 
Lee^e.     Area,  8541  square  miles.     Pop.  in  1875,  1,464,604. 

Apu'lia^  a  post-village  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Fabius 


township,  on  the  Syracuse,  Binghamton  <t  New  York  Rail- 
roivd,  19  miles  S.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  a  church,  a  chair- 
factory,  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  181. 

Apure,  &-poo'r&,  a  river  of  Venezuela,  and  one  of  the 
chief  tributaries  of  the  Orinoco,  rises  in  the  republic  of 
Colombia,  near  lat.  7°  N.  and  Ion.  72°  W.,  flows  generally 
eastward,  and  joins  the  Orinoco  in  lat.  7°  40'  N.  and  Ion. 
66°  45'  W.  Its  affluents,  including  the  Portuguesa  and 
Uuarico,  are  mostly  from  the  N.  On  it  are  the  towns  of 
Nutrias  and  San  Fernando. 

Apurimac,  &-poo-re-m&k',  a  river  of  South  America, 
rises  in  a  lake  in  the  Andes  of  Peru,  in  lat.  15°  38'  S.,  Ion. 
76°  25'  W.,  which  may  be  considered  the  true  source  of  tlie 
Amazon.  It  flows  through  a  mountainous  country  in  a  N. 
direction,  and,  joining  the  Ucay  or  Vilcamayu  in  lat.  9°  15' 
S.,  Ion.  72°  30'  W.,  forms  the  Ucayale,  the  principal  head- 
stream  of  the  Amazon.  Its  whole  course,  till  it  meets  the 
Ucay,  is  between  500  and  600  miles. 

Apurimac,  a  department  of  Peru,  divided  into  the 
provinces  of  Abancay,  Aimaraez,  Anta,  Andahuaylas,  and 
Cotubambas.  Capital,  Abancay.  Area,  02,325  square  miles. 
Pop.  119,246. 

Aqs,  a  town  of  France.     See  Dax. 

Aqua,  ilk'wa,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockbridge  co.,  Va.,  at 
Decatur  Station,  about  10  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Lexington. 
It  has  a  general  store. 

Aquackanock,  New  Jersey.     See  Acqhackasonck. 

Aqua-de>Lobo,  &^kw&-d^-lo'bo,  a  post-office  of  Taoi 
CO..  New  Mexico. 

Aqua;,  the  ancient  name  of  Acqdi. 

Aquii;  Au$;ustir,  the  ancient  name  of  Dax. 

Aqurc  Bilbilitnnic,  the  ancient  name  of  Alhambra. 

Aqua;  Borvonis.     See  BounBONNE-LES-BAiNS. 

AquH;  Calid»;,  the  Latin  nameof  CAi.nAS-i)E-MoMBur. 

AquiB  Calidic,  the  ancient  name  of  Hammam-Lef. 

Aqua;  Calidse,  the  ancient  name  of  Vicnv. 

Aqua;  Calido;  Ciliorum.    See  Orense. 

Aqua;  Convenarum.    See  BAcsEnEs-DE-LucHON. 

Aquic  FlaviiB,  the  ancient  name  of  Chaves. 

Aqua;  Gratiante,  the  ancient  name  of  Aix. 

Aqua;  Latic,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Iouai.ada. 

Aqu<B  M[ortua>,  the  Latin  name  of  Aiguks-Mohtes. 

Aquse  Ner;«,  tho  supposed  ancient  name  of  Neris. 

Aqua;  Perennes,  the  Latin  name  of  Epernav. 

Aqua;  Sextia;,  an  ancient  name  of  Aix. 

Aquae  Solis,  the  ancient  name  of  Bath. 

Aqua;  Statiellse,  the  ancient  name  of  Acqui. 

Aquae  Tacapitana;.    See  El  IIammaii  de  Cases. 

Aqua;  Tauri,  ancient  name  of  Bagni  della  Porretta, 

AquiB  Tibilitana;.    See  IIamham-el-Bkrdaaii. 

Aqua;  Viva;,  the  Latin  name  of  Aigues-Vives. 

Aquaforte,  3,*kwa-for't§,  a  fishing-settlement  and  har- 
bor of  Newfoundland,  48  miles  S.  of  St.  John's.     Pop.  213. 

Aqua  Fria  (i'kw^  free'a)  Valley,  Yavapai  co.,  Ari- 
zona.    See  Agca  Fria  Vallkv. 

Aquambo,or  Aqaamboe,  i-kwim'bo',  written  also 
Akamboe,  a  cou.itry  of  Africa,  Upper  Guinea,  E.  of  th« 
river  Volta,  with  a  town  of  the  same  name. 

Aquapim,  i-kwi.-peem'  or  i-kwi-pecN"',  a  region  of 
the  Gold  Coast  of  Africa,  about  lat.  6°  N.  and  Ion.  0°, 
having  S.  the  Gulf  of  Guinea.  The  inhabitants  live  mostly 
on  yams  and  dried  fish.  They  have  some  domestic  manu- 
factures, but  most  of  the  woven  fabrics  in  use  are  of  English 
manufacture,  and  are  paid  for  in  palm  oil  and  gold-dusU 
It  is  under  British  protection. 

Aquara,  3,-kwi'ri,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Sa- 
lerno, 16i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Campagna.     Pop.  3338. 

Aquaria,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  PiVGUiERES. 

Aquas'co,  or  VVood'ville,  a  post-village  of  Prince 
George's  co.,  Md.,  28  miles  S.S.K.  of  Washington,  D.C. 

Aquashicola,  a-kwash'i  ko-la  or  ak^wa-8hick'9-la,  a 
post-oflace  of  Carbon  co.,  Pa.,  is  at  Millport. 

Aquebogue,  ak'kwe-bog,  a  village  in  Riverhead  town- 
ship, Suffolk  CO.,  N.Y.,  west  of  Riverhead  village.  Pop, 
350,  exclusive  of  Old  Aquebogue  or  Jamesport. 

Aqueduct,  ak'kwe-diict,  a  station  in  Perry  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Juniata  River,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  13 
miles  N.N.W.  of  llarrisburg, 

Aquetong,  ak'we-tfing,  apost-hamlet  of  Bucks  co..  Pa., 
3  miles  from  Lambertville,  N.J.     It  has  a  church. 

Aqui'a  Creek,  a  deep  tidal  channel,  10  miles  lon<;,  in 
Stafford  CO.,  Va.,  enters  the  Potomac  18  miles  by  rail  N.  of 
Fredericksburg.  The  river-port  of  the  same  name  wag 
before  the  war  of  considerable  commercial  importance,  but 
is  now  much  decayed.  It  contains  an  Episcopal  churcli, 
built  before  1750. 

Aquiauum,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Eviam. 


AQU 


511 


AltA 


Aqnila,  4'kwe-lS,,  a  fortified  city  of  Italy,  capital  of  the 
province  of  Aquila,  on  the  Aterno,  58  miles  N.E.  of  Rome. 
Pop.  15,732.  This  is  one  of  the  best-built  and  most  com- 
mercial cities  in  the  Abruzzi.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  has  manu- 
factures of  paper  and  linen,  and  is  the  scat  of  a  college  and 
an  academy.  Aquila  was  built  by  the  Emperor  Frederick 
II.  from  the  ruins  of  the  ancient  Amiter'num,  some  vestiges 
of  which  city  are  still  traceable. 

Aquila,  formerly  Abruzzo  Ulteriore  (i-broot'so 
ool-ti-re-o'rd)  II.,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  the  Abruzzi, 
between  the  Apennines  and  the  province  of  Rome.  Area, 
1509  square  miles.     Capital,  Aquila.     Pop.  332,784, 

Aquila,  the  Latin  name  of  Laigle. 

Aquileja,  a-kwe-l^'yi,  or  AgMar',  a  town  of  Austria, 
government  of  Triest,  at  the  head  of  the  Adriatic,  22  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Triest.  Pop.  828.  In  the  time  of  the  Romans 
this  was  the  centre  of  commerce  between  the  N.  and  S.  of 
Europe;  and  its  population  was  reckoned  at  100,000  before 
it  was  taken  and  burned  by  Attila.  It  was  then  called  the 
tecoud  Home,  and  the  Emperor  Augustus  often  resided  in 
it.    Many  remains  of  antiquity  are  found  in  its  vicinity. 

Aquil'la,  a  post-village  of  Hill  co.,  Tex.,  166  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Albany,  and  20  miles  N.  of  Waco, 

Aq  uino,  i-kwee'no  (anc.  Aqui'num),  a  town  and  bishop's 
Bee  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta,  on  the  railway  from  Rome 
to  Naples,  5  miles  X.E.  of  Pontecorvo.  Pop.  2115.  It  was 
the  birthplace  of  Juvenal  and  Thomas  Aquinas. 

Aquiras,  &-kee'ris,  a  small,  poor  village  of  Brazil,  but 
the  oldest  in  the  state  of  Ceara,  on  the  Pacoti,  between 
Lake  Aquiras  and  tlie  ocean. 

Aquis  Granuni.     See  Aix-la-Chapelle. 

Aquitainc,  ak^we-tdne'  (Fr.  pron.  i'keeHSn';  It.  Aqui- 
ta'nia),  one  of  the  four  great  divisions  of  Gaul  as  known  to 
the  Romans.  It  subsequently  took  the  name  of  Guienne, 
and  at  present  forms  the  departments  of  Gironde  and  Lot- 
et-Garonne. 

Aquitanicus  Sinus.    See  Bat  of  Biscay. 

Aquokee,  a  river  of  Georgia.     See  TocoA. 

Aquo'ne,  a  post-office  of  Macon  co.,  N.C. 

Ara,  4'rS.,  a  river  of  Spain,  in  Aragon,  unites  with  the 
Cinca  about  25  miles  N.  of  Barbastro.     Length,  45  miles. 

Arabah,  a.'ra,-b4  (Arab,  for  "desert"),  or  The  Ara- 
bah,  called  also  El  Ghor,  a  valley  in  Arabia  leading 
from  the  southern  extremity  of  the  Dead  Sea  to  the  north- 
ern end  of  the  Gulf  of  Akabah.  It  is  112  miles  long,  and 
has  the  steep  and  lofty  range  of  Mount  Seir  on  the  east,  the 
western  escarpment  being  less  elevated.  The  same  name  is 
given  to  the  great  desert  between  Babylon  and  Jerusalem. 

Arabat,  ar'i-b&t',  a  fortress  of  the  Crimea,  on  the  Sea 
of  Azof,  70  miles  E.N.E.  of  Simferopol. 

Arabat,  a  narrow  tongue  of  land,  70  miles  long,  sepa- 
rating the  Sea  of  Azof  from  the  Putrid  Sea.     See  Sivash. 

Arabat-el-Mad^foon',  called  also  Madfuneli,  a 
village  of  Egypt,  6  miles  from  the  W.  bank  of  the  Nile,  and 
100  miles  below  Thebes,  is  on  the  site  of  the  ancient 
Abydos.    Here  is  a  ruined  Memnonium,  dedicated  to  Osiris. 

Arabgheer,  Arabgir,  i-rib-gheer',  or  Arabliir, 
1-rdb-keer',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  pashalic  of  Seevas, 
near  the  Euphrates,  135  miles  S.S.W.  of  Trebizond. 

Arabi,  ar'a-bee,  a  post-village  of  Dooly  co.,  Ga.,  75 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Macon.     Pop.  250, 

Arabi,  a  post-village  of  St.  Bernard  parish.  La.,  near 
the  Gulf  Railroad,  15  miles  E.  of  New  Orleans.  It  has  4 
churches  and  a  newspaper  oflSce.     Pop.  about  500. 

Arabia,  a-r4'be-a,  called  in  poetical  language  Araby, 
tr'a-be  (Arab.  Jezeeret-orJeziret-el-Arah,'iQ-iB&T'6i^\  i'rib, 
i.e.,  "  the  Isle  or  Peninsula  of  the  Arabs ;"  Turk,  and  Per- 
sian, Arabistan,  i-rib-e-stin',  i.e.,  "Arab  country j"  Fr. 
Arable,  3,'ri'bee';  Ger.  Arabien,  4-r3,'be-en ;  Jj.  Ara'hia), 
the  S.W.  part  of  Asia,  is  encompassed  on  three  sides  by  the 
sea,  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Persian  Gulf,  on  the  S.E.  by  the 
Indian  Ocean,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Red  Sea.  Its  most 
S.  point — Ras  Arab  (Cape  St.  Anthony) — stands  in  lat.  12° 
35'  N.,  Ion.  43°  56'  E.  Thirty  miles  to  the  W.  of  it  are  the 
Straits  of  Bab-el-Mandeb.  The  most  eastern  point  of  Ara- 
bia—Ras-al- Had— stands  in  lat.  22°  23'  N.,  Ion.  59°  55'  E. 
A  line  drawn  from  the  head  of  the  Gulf  of  Suez  to  that  of 
the  Persian  Gulf,  and  marking  the  limits  of  the  Arabian 
peninsula  on  the  N.,  will  run  nearly  in  the  30th  parallel  of 
N.  latitude.  But  beyond  or  N.  of  this  line  extends  a  vast 
desert,  which,  being  occupied  chiefly  by  Arab  tribes,  is  also 
called  Arabia :  it  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  valley  of  the 
Euphrates,  on  the  W.  by  the  depressed  tract  in  which  lie 
the  Jordan  and  the  Dead  Sea,  while  towards  the  N.  it  grad- 
ually contracts,  till  it  terminates  in  about  lat.  34°  N. ;  so  that 
Arabia  extends  in  length  from  N.  to  S.  through  21  degrees  of 
latitude,  or  nearly  1300  geographical  miles,  while  its  average 


breadth  may  be  about  600  miles.  It  includes  also  the  penin- 
sula of  Sinai,  between  the  Gulf  of  Suez  and  that  of  Akabah. 
The  area  docs  not  fall  short  of  920,000  square  miles. 

Notwithstanding  the  interest  attaching  to  a  country  the 
inhabitants  of  which  have  enacted  most  important  parts  in 
the  history  of  mankind,  we  still  remain  very  imperfectly 
acquainted  with  it.  European  travellers  have  hitherto  pene- 
trated to  a  short  distance  only  from  its  coasts.  We  know, 
however,  that  Arabia,  taken  collectively,  is  an  arid,  sun- 
burnt wilderness, — the  hills  naked  rocks,  the  plains  rough 
stone  or  drifting  sand.  In  this  dreary  waste  may  be  traced, 
here  and  there,  particularly  near  the  mountains  in  the  S. 
half  of  the  peninsula,  some  green  spots  which  receive  th« 
benefit  of  rains  ;  and  the  wadies  or  valleys,  descending  from 
the  rain-collecting  heights,  figure  as  so  many  green  lines, 
more  or  less  strongly  marked.  But  it  is  seldom  that  the 
tracts  of  cultivated  land,  even  in  the  plains,  attain  a  width 
of  20  miles;  so  that  all  the  irrigated  lowlands  and  all  the 
green  wadies,  taken  together,  bear  but  a  small  proportion  tn 
the  whole  peninsula. 

Arabia  is  commonly  divided  into  three  parts :  Arabia 
Felix,  or  happy;  VF.TV.je.K,  or  atony;  and  Desert  A,  or 
desert.  Arabia  Felix  borders  on  the  Persian  Gulf,  the  In- 
dian Ocean,  and  the  S.  part  of  the  Red  Sea ;  Arabia  Petraea 
lies  on  the  Red  Sea,  N.  of  Arabia  Felix,  and  is  understood 
to  include  the  territory  N.W.  of  Arabia  Deserta;  Arabia 
Dcserta  includes  all  the  central  portion.  Among  the  Ara- 
bians these  names  are  not  known.  They  call  Arabia  Deserta, 
Nedjed  or  Nej'd:  Arabia  Petraea,  El  Hejaz;  Arabia  Felix 
is  divided  into  Yemen,  Hadramaut,  Oman,  and  Lahsa; 
which  will  be  treated  of  under  their  respective  heads.  The 
above  divisions  are  very  loosely  laid  down,  and  the  limits 
have  varied  considerably  at  difterent  periods. 

The  cultivated  tracts  of  Arabia  are  generally  in  the  vi- 
cinity of  the  mountains,  the  torrents  from  which,  in  the 
rainy  season,  collect  soil  and  endow  it  with  fertility.  Thera 
are  also  some  oases  or  productive  spots,  surrounded  by 
deserts,  and  which  seem  to  indicate  that  the  waters  of 
streams  lost  in  the  sands  higher  up  are  here  brought  to 
the  surface.  The  mountains  rise,  as  far  as  we  have  any 
knowledge  of  them,  at  no  great  distance  from  the  sea-shore, 
and  form  a  kind  of  elevated  frame,  which  encloses  the  greater 
part  of  the  peninsula.  On  the  W.,  along  the  shores  of  the 
Red  Sea — a  distance  of  1000  miles — the  Arabian  mountains 
are  conspicuous  throughout,  presenting  peaked  summits  of 
naked  rock,  from  5000  to  8000  feet  in  height,  and  varying 
from  12  to  60  miles  in  distance  from  the  coast. 

The  sterility  of  Arabia  is  sufliciently  proclaimed  when  it 
is  stated  that  that  vast  country  has  no  considerable  and 
scarcely  any  permanent  rivers.  A  few  small  streams,  in- 
deed, in  Oman,  as  the  Massora  and  Sib,  are  said  to  contain 
water  and  to  flow  throughout  the  year. 

To  the  extreme  dryness  of  the  atmosphere  and  its  free- 
dom from  cloud  or  vapor — conditions  tending  to  accelerate 
evaporation  and  the  radiation  of  heat — may  be  ascribed  the 
remarkable  degree  of  cold  occasionally  felt  in  Arabia,  and 
which  has  given  rise  to  very  erroneous  conjectures  respect- 
ing the  elevation  of  that  country.  At  Tayf,  not  above 
3200  feet  in  absolute  elevation,  and  in  lat.  21°  12'  N.,  snow 
is  said  to  fall  once  in  every  four  years ;  and  the  mountains 
in  the  neighborhood,  from  5000  to  6000  feet  high,  are  an- 
nually covered  with  snow.  Farther  S.,  ice  and  snow  are  of 
frequent  occurrence  on  mountains  from  6000  to  8000  feet  in 
height;  while  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  Red  Sea  they  are 
hardly  known  at  the  height  of  12,000  feet.  Yet  Muscat,  on 
the  coast  of  Oman,  is  perhaps  the  hottest  inhabited  place 
on  earth, — a  distinction  which  it  owes  in  a  measure  to  its 
situation  beneath  bare  cliffs,  which  reverberate  the  heat. 
At  this  place  the  thermometer  in  the  shade  in  June  gen- 
erally rises  above  100°  Fahr.  in  the  afternoon.  The  heat  of 
Mocha,  also,  and  the  adjacent  tehdma,  is  to  Europeans  in- 
supportable in  summer.  The  violent  changes  of  tempera- 
ture which  occur  are  prejudicial  to  health.  The  humid  S. 
wind,  the  cold  and  dry  N.  wind,  and  the  storms  from  the 
E.,  attended  with  clouds  of  fine  sand,  all  bring  with  them 
the  seeds  of  disease.  The  coast  of  El  Hejaz  is  thought  t<» 
be  particularly  unhealthy,  and  of  late  the  plague,  from  which 
Arabia  previously  boasted  to  be  exempt,  has  been  added  tc 
the  list  of  endemic  diseases. 

The  flora  of  Arabia  seems  to  be  made  up  of  contribu- 
tions from  Africa,  India,  and  Armenia,  and  the  date-palm 
thrives  even  where  the  ground  is  covered  with  incrustations 
of  salt.  On  the  S.  coast,  towards  Oman,  the  mango  and 
cocoanut  are  occasionally  met  with.  Farther  inland  grow 
the  fig-tree,  the  tamarind,  the  almond,  and,  in  Oman,  the 
orange,  the  lemon,  and  the  citron.  With  these  grow  laven- 
der, wormwood,  jasmine^  and  other  scented  plants.    As  the 


ARA 


512 


ARA 


MounUint  are  a«o«nded,  the  Tegetation  assurooe  a  more 
European  charaotor.  Aprioota,  plums,  pomegranates,  and 
(rapea  are  fouod  at  the  height  of  fh>m  8U00  to  4000  feet; 
«ad  above  these  the  mountains  are  covered  with  foroots  of 
Jnniper.  The  ootton-plant  nnd  tho  sugar-cnno  grow  in  the 
teh&ma  or  coast-lands;  tho  gum  arabio,  tho  aloe,  and  the 
eania  fttiila  prefer  the  hills ;  and  the  tree  which  yields 
frankincense  abounds  in  tho  mountains  of  Shcjor  or  Shehr. 

The  Ambs  cultivate  wheat,  rice,  barley,  and  doorruh  or 
Ao/ciM  vulgare,  besides  bananas,  watermelons,  and  othor 
garden -produce ;  but  thoir  chief  dependence  is  on  thoir  date 
plantations.  These  occupy  everywhere  tho  irriguous  land, 
the  level  margin  of  tho  Ktrcam,  the  low  sea-marsh,  or  the 
hollow  moistened  by  land-springs.  Tho  borders  only  of 
those  favored  spots,  if  they  admit  of  having  water  occa- 
tionally  led  to  them,  are  given  up  to  the  cultivation  of 
grain.  Near  every  large  date  plantation  there  is  ordinarily 
a  fort,  with  high  walls  and  dry  ditch,  round  which  is  col- 
lected nearly  the  whole  population  of  tho  district  or  wady. 
The  cultivation  of  coffee  was  introduced  into  Arabia  from 
Southern  Abyssinia;  and  the  best  coffee  exported  from  Mocha, 
•ven  at  tho  present  day,  is  tho  produce  of  Abyssinia. 

Tne  Bedouin  procures  his  supplies  of  cloth,  oil,  and  other 
luxuries  in  exchange  for  civet,  musk,  ostrich -feathers,  and 
other  triSes,  but  chiefly  for  his  horses  and  camels.  The  trade 
in  coffee,  almonds,  balsam,  senna,  and  gums  enriches  a  few 
proprietors,  but  the  chief  mercantile  wealth  of  Arabia  always 
has  been  derived  from  the  carrying  trade.  The  Arab  is  tho 
active  factor  who  distributes  the  cotton  cloth  of  India  through- 
out half-civilized  Africa,  and  carries  back  ivory,  gums,  and 
dyewoods.  The  productions  of  Arabia  are,  as  a  source  of 
wealth,  quite  insignificant  in  comparison  with  the  advan- 
tages of  occupying  the  coasts  which  connect  India  with 
Africa  and  Europe.  The  pearl  banks  in  the  Persian  Gulf 
extend  from  Bahrein  £.  above  300  miles.  These  give  em- 
ployment to  nearly  30,000  men  and  from  1500  to  2000 
ooats,  yielding  some  $1,000,000  yearly.  There  is  also  some 
sponge,  coral,  and  pearl  fishery  in  the  Red  Sea,  on  the  coasts 
of  El  Hejaz.  On  the  S.  coasts  of  Arabia  the  fishermen  collect 
much  ambergris  and  tortoise-shell,  with  immense  quantities 
of  fish,  particularly  on  the  coast  between  Mahrah  and  Oman. 

It  seems  certain  that  the  trade-routes  of  the  Arabs  in  the 
flourishing  days  of  Tyre  and  Sidon  nearly  coincided  with 
those  followed  in  the  days  of  the  Caliphs,  when  the  caravans 
started  from  Bahrein  for  Bagdad,  and  thence  crossed  tho 
Syrian  deserts  to  Aleppo,  Damascus,  or  Egypt;  or  from 
Dhofar  and  the  ports  of  Hadramaut  they  passed  through 
Yemen  on  their  way  N.  The  establishment  of  the  Moham- 
medan religion  had  the  effect  of  reviving  this  branch  of 
industry,  for  the  pilgrimage  to  Mecca,  which  was  enjoined 
on  all  true  believers,  drew  crowds  from  all  parts  of  the  Mo- 
hammedan world.  This  conflux  of  strangers  required  large 
supplies,  and  gave  great  activity  to  trade ;  besides,  the  pil- 
grim, caravans  experienced  favor  and  protection  in  all  Mo- 
hammedan countries ;  and  hence  the  merchants,  taking 
advantage  of  the  security  thus  enjoyed,  united  commercial 
speculation  with  the  work  of  piety.  These  caravans  (or 
\6Jilah»,  as  the  Arabs  call  them)  are  at  times  exceedingly 
numerous.  There  are  authentic  accounts  of  caravans  to 
Mecca  which  numbered  120,000  camels.  The  ordinary  com- 
mercial caravans  rarely  exceed  1000  loaded  camels. 

JlUtory. — In  early  times  Arabia  was  called  by  the  He- 
brews Kedem,  or  tho  "East,"  and  its  inhabitants  Den'H 
Kedem,  or  people  of  the  East.  The  name  Arabia,  when  it 
occurs  in  the  Scriptures,  is  not  applied  to  the  whole  penin- 
sula. The  doctors  of  the  Koran  ascribe  the  origin  of  the 
Arab  nation  to  the  sons  of  Iram  (Aram),  Ad,  Thameed, 
-Torhum,  <to.,  whose  posterity  are  styled  Arab-el-Arahah,  or 
thorough-bred  Arabs.  The  sons  of  Kahtan  (Yoktan)  are 
entitled  Mootarabah  {Mutarahah),  or  Arabs  by  adoption ; 
and  the  Ishmaelites  are  named,  in  a  similar  sense,  Musta- 
rabah.  But  it  may  be  inferred  from  the  Hebrew  Scriptures 
that  some  of  the  posterity  of  Ham  settled  in  Southern 
Arabia,  which  was  thus  closely  connected  with  the  land  of 
Canaan  (Pbenicia) ;  and  this  connection  is  also  testified  by 
profane  historians.  The  different  branches  of  the  Semitic 
race,  who  occupied  at  an  early  epoch  the  Arabian  peninsula, 
spoke  different  dialects ;  but  the  prevalence  since  acquired  by 
tne  language  of  the  Koran  has  for  the  most  part  effaced  such 
distinctions.  The  upper  classes  in  Mahrah,  and  especially 
in  Dhofar,  speak  a  peculiar  language  called  Ehkili,  the  an- 
cient Himyaritic.  At  Mareb,  as  well  as  at  several  places 
along  the  S.  coa«t,  inscriptions  in  the  Himyaritic  tongue  and 
characters  (probably  the  unknown  character  described  by 
Arab  writers  under  the  name  of  Muanad)  have  been  copied ; 
and  from  the  study  of  them  it  has  been  found  that  the 
Himyaritic  language  bore  a  close  resemblance  to  Syriao  and 


Hebrew,  and  still  more  to  Ethiopic.  Anterior  to  Moham- 
med, Himyaritic  was  the  general  language  of  Southern 
Arabia;  but  the  language  of  the  Koran  quickly  displnced 
it.  The  tribes  who  now  speak  Ehkeeleo  (Ehkili)  are  to  be 
considered  descendants  of  that  portion  of  the  ])upulutiun 
who  rejected  the  proffered  Isl&m  in  the  first  instance,  but 
have  since  received  it.  Tho  others  lost,  with  their  lan(;uiige, 
a  chief  mark  of  race,  but  they  still  retain  Imbits  and  dis- 
positions which  broadly  distinguish  them  from  their  Ish- 
maelitc  neighbors  farther  N.  It  would  appear  that  Jews 
were  always  numerous  in  Arabia.  Their  Scripture  found 
favor  with  the  people,  who  were  quite  willing  to  believe 
themselves  the  posterity  of  Yoktan,  or  of  Abraham.  Hence 
the  great  majority  are  probably  not  Israelites,  but  descend- 
ants of  Judaizing  Arabs.  Jews  are  to  be  found  in  all  the 
chief  market-towns  of  Arabia,  except  in  £1  Ucjaz,  where 
they  are  forbidden.  In  Muscat  alone  they  are  cxciii])t  from 
insult  and  vexation.  The  northern  tribes  seem  to  have  bor- 
rowed from  the  pantheons  of  all  the  nations  with  whom 
they  came  in  contact ;  and  the  Kaaba  is  said  to  have  con- 
tained at  one  time  300  idols.  But  Mohammed  put  an  end 
to  this  superstition  by  establishing  a  pure  monotneiiim,  with 
which  he  associated  much  ritual  observance.  The  I»hmacl- 
ites,  the  fellow-countrymen  of  Mohammed,  hastened  to  rally 
round  him  as  soon  as  success  began  to  gleam  on  his  career, 
but  in  the  S.,  where  Judaism  and  Christianity  had  gained 
firmer  footing,  the  new  creed  met  with  obstinate  resistance. 

With  the  diffusion  of  the  new  faith  a  new  destiny  seemed 
opened  to  the  Arabs.  Within  the  course  of  a  few  genera- 
tions, Arab  dynasties  were  established  from  Central  Asia  nnd 
the  frontiers  of  India,  to  the  shores  of  the  Atlantic,  in  Mo- 
rocco and  Spain.  In  the  flourishing  days  of  the  Caliphs  the 
Arab  merchant  visited  China,  the  interior  of  Africa,  the 
shores  of  the  Baltic,  and  Siberia.  Arab  commerce  at  one 
time  embraced  nearly  the  whole  of  the  Old  World.  But 
this  wide-spread  superiority  was  transient.  The  power  of 
the  Caliphs  was  extinguished,  after  many  a  struggle,  by  that 
of  the  Ottomans,  and  in  trade  the  Arabs  were  gradually  and 
completely  supplanted  by  Western  nations. Adj.  Ara- 
bian, ^-ri'be-an,  Arabic,  &r'a-bik,  and  Arabesque,  &r^^ 
V — •'«' ;  inhab.  Arab,  ir'ab,  and  Arabian. 

Ara'bia^  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.,  about  14 
miles  N.E.  of  Ironton.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-milL 

Arabian  Gulf,  a  name  applied  to  tho  Red  Sea. 

Ara'bian  Sea,  a  large  sea  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Asia, 
lying  between  the  peninsula  of  Hindostan  on  the  E.  and 
Arabia  on  the  W.  The  distance  from  the  Arabian  to  the 
Indian  coast  may  be,  at  the  broadest  part,  about  1600  miles. 

Arabicus  Sinus,  a  Latin  name  of  the  Red  Sea. 

Arabic  and  Arabien.    See  Arabia. 

Arabia,  a  river  of  Southern  Asia.    See  Poorallt. 

Arabischen  Meerbnsen,  the  German  for  Red  Sea. 

Arabistan',  an  Oriental  name  of  Arabia,  and  of  the 
other  regions  where  the  Arabs  dwell. 

Arabkir,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Arabgheer. 

Arabo  and  Arabona,  ancient  names  of  Raad. 

Ar'aby,  a  station  in  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Balti- 
more &  Ohio  Railroad,  57  miles  W.  of  Baltimore. 

Araby,  the  poetical  name  of  Arabia. 

Aracaju,  &-ri-kS,-zhoo',  a  town  of  Brazil,  capital  of  the 
state  of  Sergipe,  on  the  river  Cotindiba,  5  miles  from  tho 
sea,  and  15  miles  below  Maroim.  It  has  a  good  anchor- 
age, the  bar  not  admitting  ships  of  more  than  12  feet 
draught.  Steamboats  ply  to  Maroim.  Chief  exports,  cot- 
ton, sugar,  and  hides.     Pop.  5000. 

Aracan,  Arrakan,  or  Arracan,  ir^ra-kan'  or  i-rl- 
kin'  (called  by  the  natives  Rakhaituj,  ri-King'  or  ri-klK"'),  a 
division  of  British  Burmah,  extending  along  the  E.  side  of  the 
Bay  of  Bengal,  between  lat.  16°  and  21°  33'  N.,  and  Ion.  92° 
and  95°  E.,  having  on  the  E.  the  Burmese  dominions,  from 
which  it  is  separated  by  the  Yoomadung  mountain-range,  and 
on  the  N.  the  British  district  of  Chittagong.  Area  estimated 
at  18,530  square  miles.  Pop.  488,565.  The  chief  rivers  are 
the  Aracan,  Myoo,  Naaf,  and  Sandoway,  all  in  some  degree 
navigable.  Along  tho  coasts  are  numerous  islands.  The 
soil  of  the  higher  grounds  is  a  rich  loam  ;  that  of  tho  lower 
and  most  extensive  portion  is  chiefly  argillaceous.  Elevated 
forests,  wooded  valleys,  rivers,  and  small  lakes  form  the  gen- 
eral features  of  the  mountain  district.  Between  the  moun-' 
tains  and  the  sea,  thickly-wooded  jungles,  intersected  by 
rivers,  lakes,  creeks,  and  inlets,  render  communication  ex- 
ceedingly diflScult.  The  chief  products  are  rice,  indigo, 
cotton,  timber,  salt,  oil,  buffalo  hides  and  horns,  ivory,  to- 
bacco, silk,  and  fruits,  which  are  exported  in  return  for 
betel  and  British  and  Indian  manufactures.  Iron,  coal,  and 
naphtha  are  found  along  the  coast.  Aracan  is  subdivided 
into  the  districts  of  Akyab,  Ramree,  Northern  Aracan,  and 


ARA 


513 


ARA 


[  Sandoway;  chief  town,  Akyab;  chief  military  station, 
I  Kyook  Phyoo.  This  province  was  conquered  by  the  Bur- 
1  mese  in  1784,  and  taken  from  them  by  the  British  in  1824. 
Adj.  and  inhab.  Aracaxese,  dr^a-kan-eez'. 

Aracan  (officially  called  Myo-Uoung),  an  ancient  city, 
capital  of  Northern  Aracan,  on  the  river  Aracan,  60  miles 
from  the  sea.  Lat.  20°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  93°  3'  39"  E.  It  had 
la  1825  95,000  inhabitants;  in  1872  only  3282. 

Aracan  (or  Kuladyne)  River  rises  in  the  Burmese 
dominions,  lat.  23°  N.,  Ion.  94°  E.,  and,  after  a  generally 
southward  course  of  200  miles,  enters  the  Bay  of  Bengal  in 
Aracan,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Akyab. 

Aracati  or  Aracaty,  &-ri-ki-tee',  a  river-port  of 
Brazil,  about  55  miles  S.E.  of  Ceard,  on  the  lUo  Jaguaribe 
(•'  river  of  jaguars"),  10  miles  from  the  sea.  Lat.  4°  31'  S. ; 
Ion.  37°  48'  W.  It  contains  a  handsome  town  hall,  a  prison, 
3  schools,  and  5  churches.  The  principal  exports  are  cotton, 
fugar,  and  hides.     Pop.  about  6000. 

Aracati,  or  Aracaty,  a  river  of  Brazil,  province  of 
Ceard,  enters  the  Atlantic  by  two  mouths,  about  lat.  3°  S. 
Length,  120  miles. 

Aracci  Vetus,  the  ancient  name  of  Aroche. 

Aracena,  3,-rfl,-thi'n3,,  a  town  of  Sptiin,  in  Andalusia, 
province  of  Huelva,  33  miles  N.W.  of  Seville.     Pop.  4120. 

Aracthus,  the  ancient  name  of  Ahta. 

Ara^uahi,  4-ri-sw3,-hee',  a  river  of  Brazil,  province  of 
Minas-Geraes,  rises  in  the  Serra  Esmeralda,  flows  N.E.,  and 
fulls  into  the  Jequitinhonha.     Length,  about  200  miles. 

Arad,  5r'6d',  a  market-town  of  Hungary,  on  the  Maros, 
145  miles  S.E.  of  Pesth,  divided  by  the  river  into  Alt-Arad 
and  Neu-Arad.    See  Alt-Arad. 

Arad,  a  county  of  Hungary,  bordering  upon  Transyl- 
Tania.     Area,  2720  square  miles.     Pop.  304,713. 

Aradea,  i-ri-di'A,  a  village  of  ItJily,  province  of  Lecco, 
10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Gallipoli.     Pop.  1875. 

AraduS)  the  ancient  name  of  Ruad. 

ArJE  Flavijc,  supposed  ancient  namcof  IlEiLiGExnEnc. 

Arafat  (a,>a,-fat'),  or  Jebel-er-Uahm,  jfib'il-Sr- 
rSh'm  {i.e.,  "  the  mountain  of  mercy"),  a  granite  hill  of 
Arabia,  15  miles  E.  of  Mecca.  It  is  about  1  or  IJ  miles  in 
circuit,  and  its  summit  is  nearly  200  feet  above  the  level  of 
the  plain.  It  is  one  of  the  principal  objects  of  pilgrimage 
to  Mohammedans,  who  affirm  that  it  was  the  place  where 
Adam  first  received  his  wife  Eve,  after  they  had  been  ex- 
pelled from  Paradise  and  separated  from  each  other  120 
years.  The  mountain  not  being  large  enough  to  accommo- 
date all  that  go  annually  on  pilgrimage,  the  law  declares 
that  the  plain  in  the  immediate  neighborhood  may  be  re- 
garded as  comprised  under  the  term  Mount  of  Arafat. 

Arafoo'ra  or  Arafura  (i-r4  foo'ri)  Sea,  that  part 
of  the  Pacific  which  lies  N.  of  Australia,  and  is  partly  en- 
closed by  Papua,  the  Aroo  Islands,  Timor  Laut,  Timor,  etc. 
See  Alfooras. 

Ar'ago,  a  post-village  of  Richardson  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  5  miles  from  Craig,  Mo.,  and  about  85  miles 
below  Nebraska  City.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a 
private  bank,  and  a  machine-shop.     Pop.  364. 

Aragon,  or  Arragon,  ir'ra-gon  (Sp.  pron.  aR-ni- 
gon' ;  Fr.  Aragon,  i*ri*g6}J<>' ;  It.  Aragona,  i-rd-go'nl ; 
(Jcr.  ^rojroHi'cu,  i-ri-go'ne-^n ;  L.  Arago'niu),  axi  ancient 
kingdom  of  Spain,  bounded  N.  by  Franco,  E.  lay  Catalonia, 
S.  by  Valencia  and  New  Castile,  and  W.  by  the  Castiles 
and  Navarre.  Length,  225  miles;  average  breadth,  84 
miles;  area,  17,973  square  miles.  It  is  divided  into  the 
provinces  of  Huesca,  Saragossa,  and  Teruel,  and  is  encom- 
passed by  the  Pyrenees,  the  Sierras  of  Morella,  Albarracin, 
Molina,  and  Soria,  while  oifscts  of  these  chains  traverse  the 
interior  in  all  directions.  Several  peaks  of  the  Pyrenees 
rise  upwards  of  10,000  feet  above  the  sea,  their  tops  covered 
with  perpetual  snow.  Their  sides  are  clothed  with  forests, 
while  lower  down  are  rich  and  extensive  pastures,  with 
many  beautiful  and  fertile  valleys.  The  largest  level  tract 
is  formed  by  the  valley  of  the  Ebro,  which,  entering  on  the 
W.,  flows  S.E.,  dividing  the  province  into  two  nearly  equal 
parts.  The  Guadalaviar,  the  Jucar,  and  the  Tagus  have 
their  sources  in  the  extreme  S.,  and  the  Aragon  in  tlie  N.W. 
On  the  mountains,  and  especially  among  the  Pyrenees,  it  is 
cold,  but  becomes  much  warmer  in  the  valleys.  High  and 
piercing  winds  from  the  N.W.  and  S.E.  prevail.  The  flora 
of  Aragon  is  varied  and  extensive.  Its  minerals  are  mar- 
bles, jaspers,  coal,  co])per,  iron,  lead,  quicksilver,  cobalt,  and 
alum.  Extensive  tracts  are  stony  and  barren,  while  others, 
though  capable  of  cultivation,  are  neglected.  Still,  excel- 
lent crops  are  obtained  of  grain  and  fruit,  safiron,  flax,  and 
hemp.  Silk-worms  are  reared  in  considerable  numbers. 
The  commerce  is  limited.  The  principal  means  of  transport 
are  the  Ebro^  the  canal  of  Aragon,  and  the  railways  which 


traverse  the  country.  Pop.  928,718.  The  kingdom  of  Ara- 
gon was  founded  in  1034,  and  was  united  to  the  crown  of 
Castile  by  Ferdinand  the  Catholic,  who  married  LsabelJa  in 
1474. Adj.  and  inhab.  Aragonese,  ir'a-go-neez'. 

Aragon,  a  river  of  Spain,  rises  in  the  Pyrenees,  and, 
flowing  through  Navarre,  joins  the  Ebro  opposite  Alfaro, 
after  a  S.W.  course  of  80  miles.     Chief  affluent,  the  Arg.a. 

Aragona,  3,-ri-go'n4,  a  town  of  Sicily,  7i  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Girgenti.  Pop.  11,424.  It  has  a  castle,  with  paintingg 
and  antiquities.     Near  it  is  the  mud  volcano  of  Maccaluba. 

Aragona,  Aragonia,  Aragonese.    See  Auago.n. 

Aragonia,  the  Latin  name  of  Aragon. 

Aragua,  i-ri'gwi,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  capital  of  the 
state  of  Guzman  Blanco,  175  miles  S.E.  of  Caracas,  on  the 
W.  branch  of  the  river  Unare.     Pop.  6523. 

Araguai,  a  river  of  South  America.     See  Pilcomavo. 

Araguari,  i-rd-gwi-rce',  a  river  of  Brazil  (Brazilian 
Guiana),  in  the  state  of  Pard,  rises  in  the  Serra  de  Tum- 
caraque,  and  falls  into  the  Atlantic  in  lat.  1°  50'  N.  Total 
course,  about  160  miles. 

Araguay,  i-ri-gwi',  or  Araguaya,  8,-ri-gwi'i,  a  large 
river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the  mountains  near  lat.  18°  10'  S., 
Ion.  61°  30'  W.  It  flows  northward  between  the  states 
of  Goyaz  and  Matto-Grosso,  and  joins  the  Tocantins  at  Sao 
Joao,  after  a  course  of  1000  miles,  about  the  middle  of 
which  it  separates  into  two  arms,  enclosing  the  island  of 
Bananal,  200  miles  in  length.  This  river  flows  through 
about  13  degrees  of  latitude,  and  is  navigable  750  miles,  or 
more.     The  east  branch  is  called  the  Furo. 

Arahal,  S,-ri-hil',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andahusia,  22 
miles  E.S.E.  from  Seville.  It  has  2  squares,  3  churches, 
schools,  hospital,  and  manufactures  of  felt  hats,  soap,  gypsum, 
earthenware,  oil,  and  wine.     Pop.  9287. 

Araish,  a  town  of  Morocco.    See  El-Araish. 

Ara  Jovis,  the  ancient  name  of  Aranjuez. 

Arakan,  a  province  and  river  of  India.    See  Aracan. 

Arakhova,  3,-ri-ko'vi,  a  village  of  Greece,  nomo  of 
Phthiotis  and  Phocis,  on  the  S.  declivity  of  Mount  Parnas- 
sus, 15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Livadia.     Pop.  2000. 

Aral,  a  river  of  India.    See  Arrul. 

A'ral,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas,  near  the 
Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad,  about  20  miles 
S.W.  of  El  Dorado. 

Aral,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benzie  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake 
Michigan,  10  miles  N.  of  Benzonia. 

Aral,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Va.,  on  a  branch  of 
Reed  Creek,  about  8  miles  N.  of  Hillsville.  It  has  2  gen- 
eral stores,  Ac. 

Aral  (&r'al)  Sea,  an  extensive  lake  or  inland  sea  in 
Asiatic  Russia,  between  about  lat.  43°  42'  and  47°  0'  N. 
and  Ion.  58°  18'  and  61°  46'  E.  Excepting  the  Caspian, 
from  which  it  lies  from  150  to  200  miles  E.,  and  from  which 
it  is  separated  by  the  plateau  of  Oost-Oort  (Ust-Urt),  it  is 
the  largest  inland  sea  of  the  Eastern  Hemisphere.  Total 
area,  24,500  square  miles.  Its  length  is  265  miles;  great- 
est breadth,  145  miles.  It  has  for  many  years  been  dimin- 
ishing rapidly  in  area.  The  AV.  shore  of  the  Aral  Sea  is 
formed  by  the  Oost-Oort  plateau,  which  rises  upwards  of 
600  feet  above  the  level  of  the  lake,  but  shelves  gradually 
down  to  the  water.  No  rivers  enter  the  sea  on  its  AV.  shore ; 
those  that  enter  from  the  E.  and  S.  are  the  Sihon  or  Jax- 
artcs,  and  the  Amoo-Darya  or  Oxus.  The  Aral  Sea,  though 
not  deep,  has  water  sufficient  to  admit  of  being  navigated 
by  small  vessels.  Its  maximum  depth  is  37  fathoms.  Its 
waters  abound  with  fish,  especially  sturgeon,  carp,  silurus, 
and  herring.  Seals  are  also  met  with.  The  water  is  salt- 
ish, though  not  unpleasantly  so ;  it  may  be  used  for  culinary 
purposes,  and  is  drunk  freely  by  horses.  In  winter  it  freezes. 
The  Aral  Sea  lies  between  the  steppes  of  Kirgheezand  Khiva, 
in  the  great  depression  of  AVestern  Asia.  Its  elevation  is 
uncertain,  but  Isy  recent  explorers  it  is  estimated  at  from 
150  to  200  feet  above  the  level  of  the  Caspian,  of  which,  in 
tinies  remote,  it  doubtless  formed  a  part.  The  lake  has  no 
visible  outlet,  and,  as  its  affluents  do  not  furnish  a  supply  of 
water  equal  to  the  amount  of  evaporation  that  takes  place, 
it  is  decreasing  in  size. 

This  lake  is  called  by  the  Kirgheez  Aral-Tescheez, 
i.e.,  "  island  sea"  {aral  signifying  "  island"),  from  the  mul- 
titude of  islands  which  it  contains. 

Aramengo,  i-ri-m5n'go,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Alessandria,  3  miles  E.  of  Cocconato.     Pop.  1128. 

Aramin'go,  formerly  a  district  of  Philadelphia  co.. 
Pa.,  but  now  included  within  the  limits  of  the  city,  about 
4J  miles  N.  by  E.  of  the  state-house. 

Aramingo,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co,,  Pa.,  on  the 
Reading  Railroad,  5  miles  N.AA'^.  of  Phoenixville. 

Aramon,  iVi'mis"',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 


ARA 


514 


ARA 


Chtrd,  on  th«  Rhone,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ntme«.  It  hu  a 
toade  ic  wino,  olives,  and  oil.     Pop.  2670. 

Aran,  4-rAn',  a  valley  of  Spain,  province  of  LeriJa,  sur- 
rounded by  the  elevated  summits  uf  tne  Pyrenees,  and  liable 
to  dangerous  avalnnehc!). 

Aranda«de'Ducro,  &-r&n'd&-dil-dw&'ro,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  48  miles  S.  of  Burgos,  on  the  Douro. 
It  WHS  in  ancient  times  a  fortification  of  some  importance, 
and  still  retiiins  part  of  its  walls.     Pop.  5197. 

Arnngun,  a  river  of  South  America.    See  Daiman. 

Aran,iu(!'<c»  4-rAn-Hw4th'  (ano.  A'ra  Jo'vit),  a  town  and 
royal  rctiidence  6f  Spain,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Tagus,  in 
New  Castile,  28  miles  by  railway  S.S.E.  of  Madrid.  Pop. 
10,725.  This  town  conUins  palaces,  hotels,  caf<>8,  and  nu- 
merous public  gardens,  spacious  streets,  and  elegant  squares, 
theatres,  and  bull-rings.  It  has  also  a  hospital,  and  an 
institution  fur  public  instruction. 

Arantius,  ar-an'sas,  a  small  river  of  Texas,  rises  in  Bee 
00.,  and,  flowing  southeastward,  forms  the  boundary  be- 
tween San  Patricio  co.  on  one  side,  and  Refugio  CO.  on  the 
other,  until  it  empties  itself  into  Aransas  Bay. 

Aransas,  a  county  of  Texas,  bounded  S.E.  by  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico,  and  comprising  most  of  the  lands  adjacent  to 
Aransas  Bay.     Capital,  Aransas  Pass.     Pop.  in  1890,  1824. 

Aransas,  a  post-village  of  Bee  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Aransas 
Bivcr,  40  miles  from  the  sea.     It  has  2  churches. 

Aransas  Bay,  on  the  coast  of  Texas,  immediately  N. 
of  Corpus  Christi  Bay.  Length,  about  18  miles;  greatest 
breadth,  8  miles.    Its  N.W.  part  is  also  called  Copano  Bay. 

Aransas  Harbor,  a  post-town  of  San  Patricio  co., 
Tex.,  on  Red  Fish  Bay,  nn  inlet  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico, 
about  120  miles  S.E.  of  San  Antonio,  and  'Aa  miles  by  rail 
N.E.  of  Corpus  Christi,  and  6  miles  W.  of  Aransas  Pass, 
with  which  it  is  connected  by  rail.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
newspaper  oflSco.     Pop.  700. 

Aransas  Pass,  formerly  Rockport,  a  post-town, 
capital  of  Aransas  co.,  Tex.,  situated  IHU  miles  by  rail  S.E. 
from  San  Antonio,  on  Aransas  Bay.  It  has  5  churches,  a 
national  bank,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  2500. 

Artinyos,  ohVln'j'Csh  ,  a  river  of  Austria,  Transylva- 
ni.i,  ])asses  Thorda,  and  joins  the  Maros  on  the  left. 

ArunyoS'iHaroth,  Ch^rln'yCsV  mShVot',  a  town  of 
Hungary,  co.  of  Barsch,  87  miles  N.W.  of  Buda.    Pop.  2130. 

AranyoS'Medgyes,  ohVin'yosh*  med'yesh',  a  town 
of  Hungary,  co.  and  14  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Szatbmdr. 
Pop.  2^b0. 

Arapahoe,  a-rap'a-ho,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Colo- 
rado, is  drained  by  the  South  Fork  of  the  Platte,  the  Re- 
publican Fork  of  the  Kansas  River,  and  by  Beaver  Creek. 
The  surface  of  the  western  part  is  mountainous.  The  east- 
ern portion  is  an  extensive  arid  plain,  in  which  timber  and 
water  are  scarce.  The  soil  in  some  parts  is  productive,  and 
the  climate  is  delightful.  The  county  is  partly  intersected 
by  the  Denver  Pacific  Railroad,  which  connects  with  other 
railroads  at  Denver,  which  is  the  county  town  and  the  capi- 
tal of  Colorado.  Gold  is  found  near  its  western  border. 
Pop.  in  1870,  6829;  in  1880,  38,644;  in  1890,  132,135. 

Arapahoe,  a  station  in  Bent  co.,  Col.,  on  the  Kansas 
Pacific  Railroad,  35  miles  E.  of  Kit  Carson. 

Arapahoe,  a  post-village  of  Furnas  co..  Neb.,  89  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Red  Cloud.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  a 
high  school,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  1200. 

Arapahoe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pamlico  co.,  N.C.,  about 
65  miles  E.  of  Goldsborough. 

Arapahoe  Indians,  a  tribe  formerly  dwelling  be- 
tween the  South  Fork  of  Platte  River  and  the  head-waters 
of  the  Arkansas,  but  now  located  in  the  Indian  Territory, 
and  associated  with  the  Cheyennes. 

Arapahoe  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  in  lat.  40°  1' 
13"  N.,  Ion.  105°  38'  39"  W.  It  has  an  altitude  of  1.3,520 
feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Arapiles,  &-r4-pee'lds,  a  village  of  Spain,  4  miles  S.E. 
of  Salamanca.  Pop.  400.  This  was  the  scene  of  a  battle  in 
which  Wellington  defeated  the  French,  July  22,  1812. 

Arar,  a  river  of  France.     See  SA&yR. 

Ararat,  ir'a-rat\  a  mountain  of  Western  Asia,  in  Ar- 
menia, forming  the  point  of  contact  of  Russia  with  Turkey 
and  Persia,  to  each  of  which  it  partly  belongs.  It  lies  in 
the  S.  portion  of  the  extensive  plain  of  the  Aras,  about  35 
miles  broad,  and  of  whose  length  about  70  miles  can  be 
taken  in  by  the  eye.  It  consists  of  two  mountains,  the 
Great  Ararat  on  the  N.AV.,  and  the  Little  Ararat  on  the 
B.E.,  their  summits  being  about  7  miles  apart.  The  sum- 
mit of  the  Great  Ararat  lies  in  lat.  39°  42'  N.,  Ion.  43°  38' 
B.,  and  is  17,260  feet  above  the  sea-level  and  14,320  feet 
above  the  plain  of  the  Aras.  The  N.E.  slope  of  the  moun- 
tain is  about  14  miles  in  length,  and  the  S.W.  about  20 


miles.  On  the  former,  visible  even  from  Erivan,  32  milet 
distant,  is  a  deep,  crater-like  chasm.  The  mountain  is  eor- 
ered  with  per]>etual  snow  and  ice  from  about  3  miles  from 
its  summit  downward  in  an  oblique  direction.  On  the  entire 
N.  half,  from  about  14,000  feet  above  the  sea,  it  shoots  up 
in  one  rigid  crest  to  its  summit,  and  then  stretches  down- 
ward, on  its  S.  side,  to  a  level  not  quite  so  low,  forming 
what  is  called  the  Silver  Crest  of  Ararat.  Little  Arnrat 
rises  13,093  feet  above  the  sea-level,  and  10,140  feet  above 
the  plain  of  the  Aras,  and  is  free  from  snow  in  September 
and  October.  Its  declivities  are  greater  and  steeper  than 
those  of  the  Great  Ararat,  and  its  almost  conical  form  U 
marked  with  furrows,  that  radiate  downward  from  its  sum- 
mit. The  top  of  the  Great  Ararat  was  first  reached.  Goto 
ber  9,  1829,  by  Professor  Parrot. 

Ar'arat,  a  small  river  of  North  Carolina,  which  enters 
Yadkin  River  from  the  N.W.,  a  few  miles  E.  of  Rockford. 

Ararat,  North  Carolina.     See  Pilot  Mountain. 

Ararat  (local  pron.  a-ra-rat'),  a  post-hamlct  of  Arnrat 
township,  Susquehanna  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Jefferson  Branch  of 
the  Erie  Railroad,  18  miles  N.  of  Carbondale.  The  town- 
ship has  3  churches,  and  a  pop.  of  771. 

Ararat,  a  post-office  of  Patrick  co.,  Va.,  40  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Max  Meadows. 

Ararat,  a  mining  borough  in  Ripon  co.,  Victoria,  Aus- 
tralia, on  the  river  Hopkins.  Lat.  37°  17'  S. ;  Ion.  142° 
67'  E.     Pop.  2370. 

Ararauma,  &-r&-r5w'm&,  a  salt-water  lake  of  Brazil, 
in  the  state  of  Rio  de  Janeiro.  Length,  from  E.  to  W.,  22i 
miles;  greatest  breadth,  7i  miles.  It  communicates  with 
the  sea,  to  which  it  lies  parallel.    Depth,  from  20  to  80  feet. 

Ararus,  the  ancient  name  of  the  river  Skueth. 

Aras,  i'ris'  (anc.  Arnxes,  S.-rnx'4z),  a  river  of  Armenia, 
rises  in  the  Turkish  pashalio  of  Erzroom,  near  lat.  41°  30' 
N.  and  Ion.  41°  10'  E.,  flows  eastward  through  Russian 
Armenia,  and  joins  the  Koor  60  miles  W.  of  its  mouth  in 
the  Caspian.  Total  course,  upwards  of  500  miles,  very 
rapid,  but  often  fordable.  Chief  affluents,  Arpa-Chai,  Kara- 
Soo,  and  Zenghi.  On  it  are  the  towns  of  Abbasabad  and 
Ilasan-Kaleh. 

Arasaig,  ir'ra-s4g',  a  village,  district,  and  promontory 
of  Scotland,  co.  of  Inverness,  on  the  W.  coast. 

Arassuahay,  or  Arasuahi.    See  Ara^ uahi. 

Aratica,  i-rl-tce'kfl,  one  of  the  Society  Islands,  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  in  lat.  15°  26'  S.,  Ion.  145°  39'  46"  W.  It  is 
8  miles  in  length  by  5  miles  across. 

Aran,  a  town  of  Switzerland.    See  Aauaxs. 

Arauca,  i-rSw'ki,  a  village  of  the  United  Stntcs  of 
Colombia,  state  of  Boyaca,  on  the  Rio  Arauca,  a  tributary 
of  the  Orinoco,  near  the  border  of  Venezuela.  It  has  a  large 
trade.     Pop.  1548. 

Araucania,  &-raw-k&'ne-&,  or  Araucana,  &-raw< 
kS.'n&.  (Sp.  pron.  i-rCw-ki'ni),  a  region  of  Central  Chili, 
between  lat.  37°  29'  and  40°  18'  S.,  having  the  Andes 
on  the  E.,  and  the  Pacific  on  the  W.  Its  entire  length 
is  about  200  miles;  its  breadth,  from  90  to  180.  It 
differs  little  in  its  physical  features  or  productions  from 
other  parts  of  Chili,  but  its  climate  is  cooler  and  much  more 
rainy  than  that  of  the  north.  Its  inhabitants,  though  greatly 
overrated  by  the  Spanish  writers,  are  one  of  the  most  re- 
markable, perhaps,  of  all  the  uncivilized  races.  With  som« 
of  the  vices  common  to  all  nations,  the  Araucanians  possess 
many  noble  qualities.  They  are  generous  and  humane  to- 
wards the  vanquished,  courteous,  hospitable,  benevolent,  and 
grateful ;  enthusiastic  lovers  of  liberty,  and  ever  ready  to 
sacrifice  their  lives  in  the  service  of  their  country,  the  in- 
dependence of  which  they  maintained  for  centuries  by  their 
indomitable  courage  and  singular  aptitude  for  war,  but  they 
have  of  late  mostly  submitted  to  the  Chilian  authority,  and 
it  is  stated  that  their  numbers  are  much  reduced.  Seeing 
the  evils  of  which  gold  is  the  cause,  the  Araucanians,  after 
they  had  expelled  the  Spaniards  from  their  country,  closed 
their  mines,  avowing  the  most  profound  contempt  for  that 
metal.  They  are  susceptible  of  mental  culture,  but  dcs])is« 
the  restraints  of  civilization.  Their  oratory  is  highly  fig- 
urative and  allegorical,  at  the  same  time  lively,  bold,  and 
original.  They  have  little  commerce,  and  all  their  trans- 
actions are  conducted  by  barter.  The  articles  which  they 
usually  give  in  exchange  for  goods  are  horses  and  horned 
cattle.  Polygamy  obtains  among  the  Araucanians,  and 
celibacy  is  considered  ignominious.  Their  religion  is  simple. 
They  acknowledge  a  Supreme  Being,  whom  they  believe  to 
be  attended  by  some  inferior  deities,  who  execute  bis  behests. 

They  believe  also  in  the  immortality  of  the  soul. Adj. 

and  inhab.  AnArcANiAN,  i-raw-ki'ne-an. 

Arauco,  &-r6w'ko,  a  province  of  Central  Chili,  com- 
prising much  of  the  region  known  as  Araucania.    Area, 


ARA 


5ir> 


ARC 


8076  square  miles.  Pup.  iu  1S75,  56,708;  and  as  estimated 
la  1885,  93,565. 

Arauco,  a  town  of  Chili,  capital  of  the  above  province, 
on  the  Bay  of  Arauco,  230  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Valparaiso. 

Arauco,  or  Concepcion  de  Arauco,  kon-sep-se- 
Jn'dii-row'ko,  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  province 
and  60  miles  N.  of  La  Rioja.     Pop.  3237. 

Araules,  iVol',  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute-Loire,  7 
miles  S.  of  Yssingeaux.     Pop.  1950. 

Araurc,  3,-row'rA,  a  city  of  Venezuela,  on  the  Acarigua, 
ain  affluent  of  the  Portuguesa,  60  miles  E.N.E.  of  Trujillo. 
Lat.  9°  17'  N. ;  Ion.  69°  28'  W.  It  contains  a  handsome 
gquare  and  church,  and  is  in  a  well-watered,  fertile  district, 
which  yields  cotton  and  coffee  and  pastures  numerous  herds 
of  cattle.     Pop.  6460. 

Arauris,  the  ancient  n«ime  of  the  river  1-lKKAni.T. 

Araiisio,  the  ancient  name  of  Oiiange. 

Aravulli  (ar^a-vul'lce)  Mountains,  a  low  range  of 
mountains  which  traverse  the  territory  of  Ajmeer,  from 
S.S.W.  to  N.N.E.,  from  lat.  24°  to  28°  N.,  or  300  miles. 

Arauan,  El-Arawan,  51  i-ri-wdn',  or  Al-Arou- 
an,  il  i-roo-win',  a  town  of  Sahara,  125  miles  N.  of  Tim- 
buctoo,     Lat.  18°  55'  N. ;  Ion.  3°  W. 

Araxas,  i-ri'shds,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Minas- 
Geraes,  on  the  Rio  das  Velhas.  It  lies  W.  of  the  Matto 
Gordo  mountains.     Pop.  4000. 

Ara\es,  a  river  of  Armenia.    See  Aras. 

Araxcs,  a  river  of  Persia.    See  Bundemeer. 

Arayat,  i-ri'it,  a  town  of  the  Philippine  Islands,  in 
Luzon,  50  miles  N.N.E.  of  Manila.     Pop.  7765. 

Arba,  an^bS,',  or  l.'Arba,  lau^bi',  a  village  of  Algeria, 
12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Algiers.     Pop.  3500. 

Ar'ba,  a  post- village  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind.,  in  Green 
Fork  township,  about  14  miles  N.  of  Richmond.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Arbacoo'chee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cleburne  co.,  Ala., 
22  miles  from  Oxford.     It  has  a  church. 

Arbe,  an'bi,  or  Kab,  r3,b,  an  island  in  the  Adriatic, 
Gulf  of  Quarnero,  belonging  to  Austria,  llj  miles  in  length. 
The  principal  town,  of  the  same  name,  is  on  the  S.W.  side 
of  the  island ;  it  is  built  on  a  hill,  and  contains  a  cathedral 
and  collegiate  church.     Pop.  of  island,  4000. 

Arbeca,  ar-bd'ki,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  on 
the  Urgel  canal,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lerida.     Pop.  2540. 

Arbela,  the  ancient  name  of  Aubil. 

Arbe'la,  or  Arabella,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tuscola  co., 
Mich.,  in  Arbela  township,  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  East  Sag- 
inaw.    Pop.  of  township,  979. 

Arbela,  a  post-village  of  Scotland  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Mis- 
jouri,  Iowa  &  Nebraska  Railroad,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Memphis. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  pump-factory,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Arbela  of  Galilee,  in  Palestine,  identified  by  Robin- 
son with  Irbid  (Arab.  Irhil),  is  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Lake 
of  Tiberias,  3i  miles  N.W.  of  Tiberias. 

Arbii,  ar-beel',  or  Erbil,  er-bccl'  (anc.  Arhe'la),  a 
walled  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  40  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Mosul. 
Pop.  6000.  It  has  some  large  mosques,  baths,  and  bazaars. 
Here  Alexander  the  Great  obtained  his  final  victory  over 
Darius,  B.C.  331. 

Arboga,  an-bo'gS,,  a  town  of  Sweden,  on  a  railway,  30 
miles  S.W.  of  Westerds.  Pop.  3269.  It  Has  an  active  trade 
with  Stockholm  by  the  Arboga  River  and  MaBlar  Lake. 

Arbois,  au'bwS,',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Jura, 
on  the  Cuisance,  and  on  a  railway,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Poligny. 
Pop.  5275.  It  is  celebrated  for  its  wine,  oil,  and  manufac- 
tures of  earthenware  and  paper. 

Arboleas,  an-bo-Ii'is,  or  Arboledas,  an-bo-li'Dis, 
ii  town  of  Spain,  41  miles  N.N.E.  of  Almeria.     Pop.  1289. 

Arboletes,  au-bo-li'tJs,  a  seaport  town  of  Colombia,  on 
the  Gulf  of  Darien.     Lat.  8°  55'  N. ;  Ion.  76°  25'  W. 

Arbon,  aR^b^N"'  (L.  Ar'hor  Fe'lix),  a  town  of  Switzer- 
land, canton  of  Thurgau,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Constance,  on 
Lake  Constance.     Pop.  1300, 

Arbon,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Arebo. 

Ar'bor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cape  Girardeau  co..  Mo.,  19 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Cape  Girardeau. 

Ar'bor  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adair  co.,  Iowa,  on 
Middle  River,  about  45  miles  W.S.W.  of  Des  Moines. 

Arbor  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Augusta  co.,Va.,5i  miles 
from  Staunton. 

Arboro,  au'bo-ro,  a  village  of  Italy,  10  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Vercelli.     Pop.  1609. 

Ar'borville,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
Korth  Blue  River,  14  miles  S.  of  Clarksville  Railroad  Sta- 
tion.    It  has  a  church. 

Arbos,  au'boce,  a  town  of  Spain,  on  a  railway,  22  miles 
N.E.  of  Tarragona.     Pop.  1313. 


Arbroath,   ar'broth,  formerly  Ab'erbroth'ock,   % 

seaport  and  manufacturing  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Forfar, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Brothock,  whence  the  name  of  the 
town, — the  prefix  Aber  (Gaelic)  designating  the  mouth  of  a 
river,  or  its  point  of  junction  with  the  sea.  Lat.  56°  33' 
7"  N.;  Ion.  2°  35'  W.  It  is  16  miles  N.E.  of  Dundee,  on 
the  Dundee  &  Arbroath  Railway.  The  houses  are  generally 
well  built,  and  the  whole  town  has  a  prosperous  appearance. 
There  are  public  reading-rooms  in  the  town,  with  a  well- 
supported  public  library,  and  excellent  scientific,  dluca- 
tional,  and  charitable  institutions.  It  has  30  spinning- 
mills,  17  factories,  6  branch  banks,  and  "a  savings-bank. 
The  principal  manufactures  are  yarn  spun  from  flax  and 
hemp,  canvas,  brown  and  bleached  linen,  leather,  cast  iron, 
and  bone-dust.  An  important  monastic  institution  was 
planted  here  in  1178  by  William  the  Lion.     Pop.  20,170. 

Arbucias,  ar-boo'the-is,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Cata- 
lonia, 9  miles  S.W.  of  Santa  Coloma  de  Fames.    Pop.  2980. 

Ar'buckle,  a  post-village  and  station  of  Colusa  co., 
Cal.,  37  miles  N.  of  Davisville.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  450. 

Arbuckle,  a  po.st-hamlet  of  Mason  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Kanawha  River,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Point  Pleasant. 

Arbus,  an'booce,  a  village  in  the  island  of  Sardinia,  30 
miles  N.W.  of  Cagliari.  Pop.  3684,  employed  in  adjacent 
silver-  and  lead-mines. 

Arc,  aRk,  or  Arco,  an'ko,  a  river  of  France,  Savoy, 
joins  the  Isere  after  a  N.W.  course  of  90  miles. 

Arc,  a  river  of  France,  Bouches-du-Rh6ne,  enters  the 
Etang  de  Berre  after  a  W.  course  of  about  30  miles. 

Arc  is  also  the  name  of  several  villages  of  France,  de  • 
partments  of  Doubs,  Ilaute-Saone,  and  C6te-d"0r. 

Arcachon,  an^ki'sbbN"',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Gironde,  35  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Bordeau.x,  on  the  Bassin 
d' Arcachon.  It  is  an  exceedingly  popular  summer  bathing- 
place,  as  well  as  a  winter  resort  for  invalids.  It  has  a  large 
steam  fishing-fleet,  exports  naval  stores,  and  is  renowned  for 
its  extensive  oyster-beds.     Pop.  3696. 

Arcada,  ar-ka'da,  a  township  of  Gratiot  co.,  Mich. 
Pop.  970.     It  contains  Alma. 

Arcada,  a  township  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  621. 

Ar'cade',  a  station  in  Sacramento  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Sacramento. 

Arcade,  a  post-village  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y.,  is  on 
Cattaraugus  Creek,  in  Arcade  township,  1  mile  from  Arcade 
Station  on  the  Bufialo,  New  Y'ork  &  Philadelphia  Railroad, 
and  36  miles  S.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  3  churches,  the  Arcade 
Academy,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  tannery,  and  a 
woollen-factory.     Pop.  about  900  ;  of  township,  1742. 

Arcade,  Adams  co..  Wis.,  the  former  name  of  Arkdale. 

Arcadia,  ar-k^'de-a  (modern  Gr.  Arkadia,  aii-kil- 
dee'i),  an  ancient  independent  government,  now  a  nome  of 
Greece,  in  the  centre  of  the  Morea,  divided  into  the  depart- 
ments of  Mantinea,  Cynuria,  Megalopolis,  and  Gortynia. 
The  country  is  mountainous,  and  affords  excellent  pasturage. 
Area,  2020  square  miles.  Pop.  131,740.  Capital, 'i'ripolitza, 
Adj.  ana  inhab.  Arcadian,  ar-k4'de-an. 

Arcadia,  a  town  of  Greece.     See  Kyparissia. 

Arca'dia,  a  post-town,  capital  of  De  Soto  co.,  Fla.,  49 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Bartow.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and 
2  newspaper  offices.  Orange  wine  making  and  extensive 
phosphate  mining  are  carried  on  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  814. 

Arcadia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co..  111.,  in  Arcadia 
township,  about  33  miles  W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  of  township,  1251. 

Arcadia,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  Ind.,  in  Jack- 
son township,  31  miles  N.  by  B.  from  Indianapolis.  It  has 
a  graded  school,  3  or  4  general  stores,  2  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  a  furniture-factory.     Pop.  (1890)  670. 

Arcadia,  a  post- village  of  Carroll  co.,  Iowa,  in  Arcadia 
township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  43 
miles  W.  of  Grand  Junction.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  3 
hotels,  a  graded  school,  and  a  furniture-factory.  Much 
grain  is  shipped  here.     Pop.  about  500  ;  of  township,  1245. 

Arcadia,  a  city  of  Crawford  co.,  Kansas,  17  miles  by 
rail  S.  by  E.  of  Fort  Scott.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank, 
tile-  and  brick-works,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  750. 

Arcadia,  a  post-village  of  Bienville  parish.  La.,  47 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Monroe.  It  has  6  churches,  a  college, 
a  seminary,  3  newspaper  offices,  Ac.     Pop.  (1890)  862. 

A  rcadia,  a  post-village  of  Manistee  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake 
Michigan,  about  16  miles  N.  of  Manistee.     Pop.  about  200. 

Arcadia,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Iron  co., 
Mo.,  in  Arcadia  township,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain 
&  Southern  Railroad,  89  miles  S,  by  W.  from  St.  Louis.  It 
is  contiguous  to  Ironton.  It  has  a  church,  a  large  hotel,  iiO. 
Pop.  250.    Pop.  of  township,  3068. 


ARO 


516 


ARC 


Arcadia*  a  punt- village  of  Vallej  oo..  Neb.,  13  miles 
b^  mil  N.W.  from  Luup  City.  It  haa  2  otiuruhos,  2  banks, 
ami  a  novrs|mpcr  offiov.     Pup.  about  6UU. 

Arcudiat  a  poKt-villuge  of  Wayne  cc,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Erie  Canal,  about  30  utiles  E.S.E.  of  Uooho^tor.  It  has  2 
ehurobe*.  Tbe  tovrntbip  \t  iuteraoctod  by  the  Kew  York 
Central  Railroad.     Pop.  66A0. 

Arcadia,  a  pont-omco  of  Davidson  co.,  N.C. 

Arcadia,  a  township  of  Halifax  oo.,  N.C.  Pop.  2808. 
It  oontiiin«  Ilalifax. 

Arcadia,  a  post-village  of  AVashington  township,  Ilan- 
eock  CO.,  0.,  on  the  Lake  Krio  &  Louisville  llailroad,  10 
utiles  N.K.  of  Findlay.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  2S8. 

Arcadia,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  K.!.,  about 
27  miles  S.S.W.  of  Providence,  and  3  miles  from  Hope  Val- 
ley.    It  has  a  church  and  2  cotton-mills.     Pop.  150. 

Arcadia,  a  post-oQice  of  Sullivan  co.,  Tcnn. 

Arcadia,  a  post-village  of  Mason  co.,  Washington  ter- 
ritory, on  an  arm  or  inlet  of  Pugot  Sound,  10  miles  N.  of 
Olyinpia.     It  has  some  ship-building. 

Arcadia,  a  post-village  of  Arcadia  township,  Trcmpca- 
lejiu  CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Trempealeau  lliver,  47  miles  by  rail 
N.W.  of  La  Crosse,  and  23  miles  by  mil  N.N.E.  of  Winona. 
It  has  5  churches,  high,  graded,  and  parochial  schools,  a 
woollen-factory,  2  flouring-mills,  a  newspaper  office,  and  3 
hotels.  Laid  out  in  187-1.  Pop.  in  1S90,  659;  of  the  town- 
ship, 3147. 

Arcadia,  a  village  in  Yarmouth  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on 
the  seashore,  3  miles  from  Yarmouth.  It  contains  several 
mills  and  factories.     Pop.  5U0. 

Arete,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Ilr^RES. 

Arcana,  ar-ka'na,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co.,  Ind.,  about 
45  miles  S.S.W.  of  Fort  Wayne. 

Arca'num,  a  post-village  of  Darke  co.,  0.,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  two  railroads,  26  miles  N.W.  of  Dayton,  and  46  miles 
AV.  from  Springfield.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  normal 
and  graded  schools,  a  newspaper  office,  2  pliining-mills,  and 
a  manufactory  of  sash  and  doors.     Pop.  (1890)  1134. 

Areas,  an'kis,  a  group  of  small  islets  or  rooks  in  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico.     Lat.  20°  12'  6"  N.;  Ion.  91°  59'  2"  W. 

Areas,  an'kis,  an  island  of  Sencgambia,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  liio  Grande.     Lat.  11°  40'  N.;  Ion.  15°  38'  "W. 

Areata,  ar-ka'ta,  a  post-village  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  north  end  of  Ilumboldt  Bay,  about  230  miles  from 
San  Francisco,  and  8  miles  N.E.  of  Eureka.  It  has  3 
churches  and  several  lumber-mills.  Redwood  timber  abounds 
here.    Steamboats  ply  between  Areata  and  San  Francisco. 

Arce,  aii'chi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta,  lOJ 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Sora.     Pop.  3690. 

Arc-en-Barrois,  ank-6N»-ban^Rwi',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Haute-Marne,  13  miles  S.AV.  of  Chaumont.     Pop.  1253. 

Areene,  an-chi'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Ber- 
gamo, in  a  fertile  district.     Pop.  1724. 

Arc-et-la-Mai8on-du-Bois,auk-d.-li-mi^z6x<>'dii- 
bwi',  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute-Saone,  closely  adjacent 
to  the  town  of  Gray.     Pop.  2650. 

Are-ct-Senans,  auk-i-8eh^n6N<'',  a  village  of  France, 
department  of  Doubs,  at  the  junction  of  the  Dijon-Neufchutel 
and  Besanfon-Lyons  Railways,  9  miles  from  Quingey.  It 
has  important  salt-works.     Pop.  1425. 

Areevia,  ar-chi've-4,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  An- 
cona,  40  miles  W.  of  Ancona.     Pop.  9051. 

Arch,  an  island  of  the  Pacific.     See  Ark. 

Arch,  aRK,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Carniola,  5  miles  S.W. 
of  Ourkfeld.     Pop.  1450. 

Archadinskaia,or  Artsehadinskaja,  ar^ch&-din- 
8kS,'yi,  a  village  of  Russia,  province  of  the  Don  Cossacks, 
155  miles  N.E.  of  Novo-Cherkask.     Pop.  2870. 

Archalla,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Ereglee. 

Archangel,  ark-A.n'j§l  (Russ.  pron.  aRk-ing'ghfil),  or 
Arkhanghelsk,  aRk-ing-gh61sk',  a  government  of  Rus- 
sia in  Europe,  extending  from  the  Ural  Mountains  on  the 
E.  to  Finland  on  theW.,  a  distance  of  about  920  miles,  and 
from  Vologda  and  Olonets  on  the  S.  to  the  Arctic  Ocean, 
about  400  miles.  Area,  280,739  square  miles.  It  includes 
part  of  Karelia  and  of  Russian  Lapland,  also  the  islands  of 
Nova  Zembla.  The  White  Sea  occupies  a  large  space  in  its 
centre.  The  province  is  one  continuous  flat,  and  nearly  an 
unvaried  scene  of  desolation  and  sterility,  especially  in  the 
northern  parts,  where  the  ground  remains  frozen  for  nine 
months  in  the  year.  Nor  are  the  southern  portions  much 
more  inviting.  Here  meagre  pastures,  marshes,  swamps, 
and  extensive  forests  occupy  nearly  all  the  surface,  leaving 
but  little  for  cultivation.  Almost  the  only  crops  raised  are 
hemp,  flax,  potatoes,  and  some  rye,  neither  the  climate  nor 
the  soil  admitting  of  the  cultivation  of  oats  or  wheat.  The 
climate  is  excessively  cold  in  winter  and  hot  in  summer. 


with  sudden  transitions  between  the  two  extremes.  Tha 
timber  forms  the  principal  weiillh.     Pop.  281,112. 

Archangel,  a  town  of  Russia  in  Euro])e,  cii])ita1  of  the 
above,  on  the  Dwina,  20  miles  from  its  euibuuchure  in  the 
Bay  of  Archangel,  and  070  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Petersburg, 
Lat.  64°  32'  N. ;  Ion.  40°  33'  E.  It  is  ill  built,  and  consi.sU 
of  two  principal  and  irregular  streets,  connected  by  narrow 
lanes  and  paved  with  wood.  The  houses  are  movtly  of 
wood,  and  two  stories  in  height.  The  most  rcuiarkiible 
buildings  in  the  town  are  the  great  baumr  or  mart,  and  a 
marine  hospital.  There  are  1 1  churches,  an  ccclci^iai^tical 
seminary,  a  gymnasium,  and  schools  for  navigation  and  en- 
gineering. In  or  near  the  town  there  are  a  sugar-refinery, 
a  royal  dock-yard,  some  ship-yards  for  buildiiig  merchant- 
ships  and  coasting-vessels,  rope-walks,  <tc.  The  harbur  is 
at  the  island  of  Solombaly,  about  a  mile  from  the  town,  and 
is  usually  free  from  ice  only  from  July  to  September.  The 
trade  of  Archangel  extends  as  far  as  Siberia,  and  along  tha 
coasts  of  thu  White  Sea,  E.  and  AV.,  but  it  is  greatly  de- 
pendent on  the  demand  from  the  more  southerly  ports  of 
Europe,  and  especially  from  England,  for  corn.  The  exports 
consist  principally  of  linseed,  flax,  tow,  tallow,  train-oil, 
bass  matting,  provisions,  feathers,  oil-cake,  grain,  dculg, 
battens  and  ends,  pitch  and  tar.  'This  is  one  of  the  oldest 
ports  in  Russia,  having  been  founded  in  1584,  and  was  long 
the  only  one.  It  is  the  scat  of  an  archbishop,  and  the  resi- 
dence of  a  civil  and  a  military  governor.     Pop.  19,936. 

Archangel  Bay,  in  Russia,  opens  to  the  White  Sea, 
having  Cape  Keretzkoi  on  the  N.E.,  and  Cape  Onega  on  the 
S.W.,  distant  from  each  other  85  miles.  It  penetrates  in- 
land about  65  miles. 

Archangel,  New  (Alaska).    See  Sitka. 

Arehangelsk,  Russia.    See  Archangel. 

Archangel sk,  or  Arkhangelsk,  aRk-&ng-ghiIsk',  a 
town  of  Russia,  Orenboorg,  150  miles  S.E.  of  Mensclinsk. 

Arehangelsk,  or  Arkhangelsk,  towns  of  Russia, 
governments  of  Yekaterinoslav,  Kherson,  and  Simbeersk. 

Archbald,  arch'bild,  a  post-town  of  Lackawanna  co.. 
Pa.,  in  the  Lackawanna  Valley,  and  on  the  Delaware  <k 
Hudson  Railroad,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Carbondale,  and  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Scranton.  It  has  2  extensive  coal-breakers,  3 
churches,  a  graded  school,  and  several  hotels.  Near  here 
are  rich  mines  of  anthracite.     Pop.  4032. 

Archbold,  arch'bold,  a  post-village  of  Fulton  co.,  0., 
on  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  40  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Toledo. 
It  has  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  aud  saw-  and  planing- 
mills.     Pop.  373. 

Arch'dale,  a  post-villnge  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C,  near 
Trinity  College  Station.  It  has  a  Friends'  meetinghouse, 
and  manufactures  of  sash  and  doors,  <tc.     Pop.  300. 

Archena,  aR-chi'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  14  miles  N.W. 
of  Murcia,  with  extensive  warm  baths.     Pop.  1766. 

Ar'cher,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Texas,  drained  by 
the  Little  Wichita  and  its  branches.  It  is  reported  to  con- 
tain copper  and  bismuth  ores.  Area,  900  square  miles. 
Pop.  in  1890,  2101. 

Archer,  a  post-village  of  Alachua  co.,  Fla.,  on  the  rail- 
road which  connects  Fernandina  with  Cedar  Keys,  15  miles 
S.W.  of  Gainesville.  It  has  a  church,  several  stores,  and  a 
manufactory  of  naval  supplies. 

Archer,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  0.,  in  North 
township,  2  miles  from  New  Market  Railroad  Station,  and 
about  8  miles  N.W.  of  Cadiz.     It  has  2  churches. 

Archer,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Archer  co.,  Tex.,  near 
the  Little  WichiU  River,  about  25  miles  S.W.  of  Wichita 
Falls.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Pop.  about  500. 

Archer,  a  station  in  Laramie  co.,  Wyoming,  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Cheyenne. 

Archer's  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  0., 
20  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Marietta. 

Arches,  aRsh,  a  village  of  France,  in  Vosges,  on  the 
Moselle,  10  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Epinay.     Pop.  1650. 

Arclii,  aR'kee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Chieti,  24 
miles  W.  of  Vasto.     Pop.  3126. 

Archidona,  au-che-do'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Anda- 
lusia, on  a  railway,  34  miles  N.  of  Malaga,  on  a  rugged  and 
lofty  mountain,  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Loja.     Pop.  7620. 

Archidona,  aR-che-do'n&,  a  town  of  Ecuador,  90  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Quito.     Pop.  2000. 

Ar'chie,  a  post-town  of  Cass  co..  Mo.,  34  miles  by  rail 
S.  of  Kansas  City.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  graded 
school.     Pop.  about  600. 

Archigny,  aR^sheen^yee',  a  village  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Vienne,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Chatellerault.  Pop.  1876. 
It  is  the  centre  of  a  community  descended  from  Acadian 
(Nora  Scotian)  refugees;  founded  in  1763. 


ARC 


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Archipelago,  ar-ke-pel'a-^,  a  name  which,  although 
neither  its  origin  nor  precise  signification  have  been  ascer- 
tained, is  now  generally  understood  to  mean  a  sea  inter- 
spersed with  numerous  islands  or  islets ;  but  applied  more 
especially  to  the  ^gkan  Sea  (which  see). 

Archipelago,  Eastern.    See  Malay  Archipelago. 

Archipel  tie  Hawaii.     See  Hawaii. 

Archipel  de  la  P6rouse.    See  Perouse  Islands. 

Archipel  de  Tahiti,  the  French  of  Society  Islands. 

Archivel,  ar-ch^-vel',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Murcia,  12 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Caravaca.     Pop.  1465. 

Arch  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Blair  co..  Pa.,  in  Tyrone 
township,  2  miles  from  Union  Furnace  Station,  It  has  2 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  sulphur  spring. 

Archudi,  or  Arkudi,  au-koo'dee,  one  of  the  smallest 
of  the  Ionian  Islands,  4  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ithaca. 

Arcidosso,  au-che-dos'so,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Grosseto,  8  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Radicofani.     Pop.  4691. 

Arcisatc,  au-che-si'tA,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Como,  3 
jniles  N.N.E.  of  Vareso,  and  near  Lake  Lugano.  Pop. 
1585. 

Arcis-sur-Aube,  aK'see'siiR-ob,  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  Aubc,  on  the  Aube,  and  on  a  railway,  16 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Troyes.     Pop.  2784. 

Arco,  a  river  of  France,  in  Savoy.     See  Anc. 

Arco,  au'ko,  a  town  of  Austria,  Tyrol,  8  miles  "W.  of 
Rovercdo,  on  the  Sarca.     Pop.  1995. 

Areola,  an-ko'li,  an  ancient  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Genoa,  celebrated  for  its  wines.     Pop.  43.35. 

Areola,  ar-ko'la,  a  post-office  of  Bullock  co.,  Ga. 

Areola,  a  post- village  of  Douglas  co..  III.,  in  Areola 
township,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses 
ihe  Paris  &  Decatur  Railroad,  158  miles  S.  by  W.  from 
Chicago,  and  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Decatur.  It  coutains  9 
churches,  a  national  bank,  and  a  graded  school.  Two 
newspapers  are  issued  here.     Pop.  about  1800. 

Areola,  a  post-village  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.,  in  Lake  town- 
ehip,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad,  8 
miles  N.W.  of  Fort  Wayne.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  250. 

Areola,  a  post-hauilet  of  Tangipahoa  parish,  La.,  and 
a  station  on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad, 
4  miles  N.  of  Amite  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Areola,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  St. 
Croi,x  River,  7  miles  above  Stillwater.    It  has  a  steam  mill. 

Areola,  a  post- village  of  Washington  co..  Miss.,  in  a 
fertile  farming  region,  on  two  railroads,  71  miles  N.  of 
Vicksburg.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  about  400. 

Areola,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dade  co.,  Mo.,  35  miles  S.E. 
of  Nevada.     It  has  a  church. 

Areola,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.C.,  about  50 
miles  N.E.  of  Raleigh.     It  has  2  stores. 

Areola,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Per- 
kiomen  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Perkiomen  Junction. 

Areola,  Fort  Bend  co.,  Tex.,  a  station  on  the  Inter- 
national &  Great  Northern  Railro.ad,  at  its  junction  with  the 
Gulf,  Colorado  <fc  Santa  F6  Railroad,  21  miles  S.  of  Houston. 

Areola,  a  post-office  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va.,  about  30  miles 
W.  of  Washington,  D.C.,  is  at  a  hamlet  named  Gum  Spring. 

Areola,  a  hamlet  of  Laramie  co.,  Wyoming,  20  miles 
by  rail  E.  from  Cheyenne. 

Areola  Junction,  a  station  in  Fort  Bend  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  International  and  Great  Northern  Railroad,  19  miles 
B.  of  Houston. 

Areole,  an-ko'U,  a  village  of  Italy,  15  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Verona,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Adige.  Pop.  2801.  Areole  is 
celebrated  for  the  victory  gained  there  by  Napoleon  over  the 
Austrians,  November  17,  1796. 

Arcona,  island  of  Riigen.    See  Arkona. 

Areona,  ar-ko'na,  a  hamlet  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Washington  township,  45  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Edgar,  Neb. 
It  has  a  church. 

Areonate,  aR-ko-ni'ti,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Milan,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Abbiatograsso.     Pop.  2471. 

Areonsat,  aR'k6N»'s3,',  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy-de- 
Dome,  9  miles  E.  of  St.  Rcmy.     Pop.  2096. 

Areore,  art-ko'ri,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Milan, 
4  miles  N.E.  of  Monza. 

Areos  de  la  Frontera,  aR'koce  dk  \&,  fron-tA'rS.,  a 
town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Cadiz,  on  an 
elevated  rock  near  the  Guadalete.  The  name  is  derived  from 
its  being  built  in  the  form  of  a  "bow."  The  addition  de  la 
Froutera  ("of  the  frontier  or  limit")  was  derived  from  its 
position  on  the  old  Moorish  frontier.  Pop.  15,378.  It  was 
formerly  strongly  fortified.  Chief  manufactures,  leather 
(which  is  celebrated),  caps,  hats,  esparto  grass  work,  thread, 
and  ropes.  There  are  several  villages  in  Spain  and  Portu- 
gal named  Arcos. 


Areos  de  Valle  do  Vez,  aR'koce  di,  vM'li  do  vez,  a 
village  of  Portugal,  15  miles  N.  of  Braga.     Pop.  2200. 

Arcot,  ar^cot'  (North  and  South),  two  contiguous  mari- 
time districts  of  British  India,  presidency  of  Madras,  com- 
prising the  whole  country  from  Coleroon  River  on  the  S.  to 
the  frontier  of  the  Nellore  district  on  the  N.,  and  E.  of  Cudda- 
pah,  Mysore,  and  Salem,  with  the  exception  of  the  Chingleput 
district,  lying  round  Madras.  United  area,  19,925  square 
miles.  Pop.  3,770,192.  Surface,  low  near  the  sea ;  inland, 
hilly,  with  extensive  jungles.  Chief  rivers,  the  Coleroon 
and  Palaur;  on  the  N.E.  coast  is  the  Pulicat  lake.  Chief 
city  and  towns,  Arcot,  Vellore,  and  Cuddalore.  Arcot  was 
ceded  in  1801  to  the  East  India  Company. 

ArVot',  Arucati,  or  Arookatee,  S,-roo-k&'tee,  a 
city  once  the  Mohammedan  capital  of  the  Carnatic,  on 
the  Palaur,  and  on  a  railway,  10  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Madras. 
Lat.  (fort)  12°  54'  14"  N.;  Ion.  79°  22'  23"  E.  It  was  first 
established  as  capital  of  the  Carnatic  in  1716.  It  was  ceded 
to  the  East  India  Company  in  1801,  along  with  the  whole 
district.  The  town,  which  is  inhabited  chiefly  by  Moham- 
medans, is  of  modern  erection,  enclosed  by  walls,  and  con- 
tains a  few  buildings  worthy  of  notice.     Pop.  53,474. 

Ares,  Les,  a  village  of  France.     See  Les  Arcs. 

Aretias,  ark'she-as  or  ark'te-as,  an  island  of  the  Black 
Sea,  coast  of  Asia  Minor,  2  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Kcresoon. 

Arc'tie,  a  manufacturing  village  of  Kent  co.,  R.I.,  in 
Warwick  township,  on  the  Hartford,  Providence  &  Fishkill 
Railroad,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Providence.  It  has  4  churcheSj 
a  largo  cotton- factory,  and  a  printing-office.  The  nearest 
post-office  is  River  Point.     Pop.  about  300. 

Arctic  Highlands,  a  country  situated  in  the  N.E. 
part  of  Baffin's  Bay,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Greenland  ;  discov- 
ered, in  1818,  by  Captain  Ross,  who  gave  it  the  name  it 
now  bears.  The  coast  trends  S.E.  and  N.AV.,  extending  1 1 0 
miles,  is  ice-bound,  and  it  is  only  about  the  bases  of  the 
rocks,  chiefly  granite  and  gneiss,  close  by  the  sea,  that  a 
stunted  and  scanty  vegetation  is  to  be  seen. 

Arctic  Ocean  (named  from  Ai-c'to8,  Gr. 'Apxros,  the 
"  Bear,"  the  constellation  of  which  is  principally  included 
within  the  celestial  Arctic  Circle),  the  expanse  of  water 
that  surrounds  the  North  Pole  and  is  a  continuation  of  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  wide  sea, 
between  Greenland  and  Norway.  It  communicates  with  the 
Pacific  Ocean  through  Behring's  Strait,  and  comprises  all 
the  water  or  ice  within  the  Arctic  Circle,  which  is  234 
degrees  from  the  North  Pole.  It  washes  the  northern 
shores  of  Asia,  Europe,  and  North  America.  No  navigator 
has  ever  reached  the  centre  of  this  frigid  zone,  the  ex- 
ploration of  which  is  extremely  difficult  and  perilous.  The 
progress  of  vessels  is  obstructed  even  in  summer  by  im- 
mense icebergs  and  fields  of  ice.  Some  of  the  icebergs 
are  so  largo  that  they  rise  300  feet  above  the  water  in  which 
they  float.  Here  are  also  masses  of  floating  ice,  which 
have  a  rapid  rotatory  motion  and  dash  against  each  other 
with  tremendous  violence.  The  mercury  here  sinks  50°  or 
more  below  zero.  Dense  fogs,  violent  storms,  and  almost  per- 
petual darkness  increase  the  horrors  and  dangers  that  beset 
the  navigator  of  this  ocean.  For  the  purpose  of  discovering 
a  northwest  passage,  or  an  open  polar  sea,  many  expeditions 
have  been  conducted  to  the  Arctic  regions  without  success 
by  Capt.  Parry,  Sir  John  Franklin,  Dr.  Kane,  and  others. 
In  1827,  Capt.  Parry  reached  a  point  in  lat.  82°  45'  and  Ion. 
19°  25'  E.  This  appears  to  be  the  highest  northern  latitude 
which  has  ever  been  visited.  Capt.  Hall,  commander  of 
the  "  Polaris,"  by  travelling  on  the  ice  in  a  sledge,  pene- 
trated to  lat.  82°  16'  N.  in  1871.  There  is  an  extraordinary 
abundance  of  animal  life  in  the  Arctic  Ocean,  which  has 
also  valuable  whale-fisheries.  The  water  is  extremely  clear, 
shells  being  visible  at  the  depth  of  80  fathoms. 

Arcueil,  an'kui',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Seine,  3  miles  S.  of  Paris,  on  the  railway  from  Paris  to 
Sceaux,     Pop.  5034. 

Arey-snr-Cure,  aR'see'siiR-kiiR,  a  village  of  France, 
in  Yonne,  on  a  railway,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Auxerre.    Pop.  14C0. 

Ardabeel,  Ardabil,  or  Ardabyl,  aR-da-beel',  a 
town  of  Persia,  in  Azerbaijan,  on  the  Kara-Soo,  90  miles  E. 
by  N.  of  Tabreez.     Pop,  12,000. 

Ardagh,  an'din,  a  village  and  parish  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Longford,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Longford.  It  is  a  Catholic  bishop's 
sec.     Pop.  of  parish,  2337. 

Ardanan,  an-di-nin', or  Ardagan,aR-di-gln', a  for- 
tified town  of  Asiatic  Russia,  in  the  district  of  Kars,  acquired 
by  Russia  in  the  war  of  1877-78.  It  is  on  the  Koor,  45 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Kars. 

Ardales,  an-di'lSs,  a  town  of  Spain,  30  miles  N.W.  of 
Malaga.     Pop.  3912. 

Ardatnv   an  di-tov',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of 


ARD 


518 


ARD 


Blmbeenk,  on  the  A1nte«r  (Alntyr),  14  miles  W.  of  the  town 
of  AInteer.     Pop.  5000.     It  has  two  cathedrals. 

ArdatOT)  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  8  miles 
6.W.  of  Nlthnec-Novgorod.     Pop.  2902. 

Ardchattan*  ard-Kat'tan,  a  district  of  Argyleshire, 
Scotland,  consisting  of  the  united  parishes  of  Ardchattan 
and  Miickairn.     Pop.  1790. 

Ardcn,  aR-d&'&,  a  village  of  Italy,  24  miles  S.  of  Rome, 
and  3  miles  from  the  Mwiitcrrancnn.  This  ruined  capital 
of  the  ancient  Kutuli  occupies  the  rock  on  which  stood  its 
citadel,  where  some  remains  are  still  traceable.     Pop.  800. 

Ardcbil,  or  Ardebyl,  Persia.     Sec  Audabeel. 

Ard^chc,  auMnish'  or  anM&h',  a  river  of  France,  the 
largest  stream  in  the  department  to  which  it  gives  its  name. 
Its  source  is  among  the  C^vcnnes ;  and,  after  a  course  of 
45  miles,  amid  magnificent  natural  scenery,  it  falls  into 
the  Rhone  about  a  mile  from  Pont  St.  Esprit.  In  the  lower 
part  is  the  fall  of  Rjvy-Pic,  above  100  feci  high,  and  below  is 
Ihe  Bridge  of  Arc,  a  remarkable  natural  curiosity. 

Ardfechc,  a  department  in  the  S.E.  of  France,  between 
the  departments  of  Loire,  IsSro,  Dr6me,  Vaucluse,  Gard, 
Loziire,  and  Ilaute-Loire.  Area,  2110  square  miles.  The 
whole  department  is  of  a  mountainous  character.  Numer- 
ous volcanoes  must  have  been  active  at  no  very  remote 
geological  period.  Several  of  the  craters  still  exhale  mc- 
phitio  vapors,  and  warm  springs  issue  from  their  sides. 
The  streams  are  the  Ardiche,  the  Erieux,  and  the  Doux. 
They  have  all  an  E.  course,  and  belong  to  the  basin  of  the 
Rhone.  Among  the  metals  have  been  found  silver,  anti- 
mony, lead,  and  iron,  which  is  now  extensively  wrought, 
and,  in  connection  with  the  limestone  and  valuable  coal- 
fields, supplies  furnaces  and  forges  which  rank  as  the  most 
important  in  France.  Basalt  is  the  chief  building-stone  in 
the  district,  but  good  marble  is  extensively  quarried.  The 
chestnut  covers  extensive  tracts.  In  the  S.,  both  the  fig 
and  the  olive  thrive ;  and  the  department  abounds  with  mul- 
berry-trees, which  supply  food  for  silk-worms.  A  large 
quantity  of  wine  is  produced.  Cattle,  sheep,  goats,  asses, 
and  mules  are  largely  bred.  The  department  is  divided 
into  the  arrondissements  of  Privas,  Largcntiere,  and  Tour- 
non.  Previous  to  1790  this  territory  formed  a  portion  of 
Vivarais,  a  dependence  of  Languedoc.  Capital,  Privas.  Pop. 
in  1S76,  384,378;  in  1881,  376,867;  in  1891,  371,269. 

Ar'dcc'  (Atherdee,  "town  on  the  Dee"),  a  town  and 
parish  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Louth,  on  the  Dee,  12  miles  N.AV. 
of  Drogheda.  Pop.  of  town,  2972.  It  has  two  old  castles 
(one  now  a  court-house),  a  church  of  the  thirteenth  cen- 
tury, a  Roman  Catholic  chapel,  work-house,  savings-bank, 
dispensary,  and  several  schools. 

Ardckoo,  or  Ardeku,  ar'd^-koo',  written  also  Arde- 
koun  or  Ardckan,  a  town  of  Persia,  in  Khorassan,  two 
days'  journey  N.W.  of  Yezd.     Pop.  5000. 

Ardelan,  ar-d?-liln',  a  district  of  Persia,  in  Koordis- 
tan,  forming  a  part  of  the  province  of  Irak-Ajemee.    Chief 
towns,  Sinna  and  Kermanshah. 
,    Ardelica,  the  ancient  name  of  PEScniERA. 

Ar'den,  an  ancient  forest  of  England,  believed  to  have 
covered  at  one  time  a  large  part  of  the  midland  and  eastern 
countios.   No  vestiges  of  it  remain,  except  in  certain  names. 

Ar'den,  a  post-hamlet  of  Buncombe  co.,  N.C.,  11  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Ashville,     Pop.  100. 

Arden,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Chartiers  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Washington. 

Ardeil)  a  post-village  in  Frontenac  co.,  Ontario,  40 
miles  from  Napanee.     Pop.  100. 

Ardenheim,  ar'd^n-hime,  a  station  in  Huntingdon 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  2  miles  N.W.  of 
Huntingdon. 

Ardennes,  or  Ar'den,  an'dSn  or  an'dfin'.  Forest  of 
(anc.  Ardtien'na  Si/l'va).  This  region,  familiar  to  the  read- 
ers of  Shakspeare  (see  Arden,  England),  is  a  vast  system  of 
heights  and  forests,  embracing  a  part  of  Belgium,  parts  of 
the  Rhine  province  of  Germany,  with  districts  in  Luxem- 
burg and  in  France,  and  extending  W.  to  the  sources  of  the 
Somme,  the  Oise,  the  Scheldt,  and  the  Sambre,  and  E.  to  the 
Moselle.  The  Ardennes  of  Caesar's  time  extended  to  the 
Rhine,  and  consisted  of  an  immense  forest.  At  present  the 
name  is  confined  to  the  wooded  heights  which,  extending 
N.W.  to  S.E.  on  each  side  of  the  Mouse,  descend  between 
Sainte-Mcnehould  and  Luxemburg,  and  are  finally  lost  in 
the  plains  of  the  ancient  Champagne. 

Ardennes,  a  department  in  the  N.E.  of  France,  formed 
of  the  N.  part  of  the  old  province  of  Champagne  and  a 
small  part  of  the  provinces  of  Picardy  and  French  Flanders, 
having  on  the  N.  and  N.E.  Belgian  Luxembourg,  W.  the 
department  of  Aisne,  S.  Marne,  and  E.  Meuse.  Area,  1955 
«quar«  miles.    Rivers^  the  Meuse^  the  Bar,  the  Venc^  the 


Sonnonne,  the  Aisne,  the  Aire,  the  Vaux,  and  the  Retoume 
The  climate  is  generally  cold  and  humid;  the  soil  is  moun- 
tainous, and  much  woo<led  in  the  N.  The  department  con- 
tains  iron-mines,  slate-  and  marble-quarries,  ])ottcr'8  clay, 
and  sand.  Abundance  of  corn  is  raised  in  the  rich  valleys; 
cider  and  beer  are  made,  with  a  little  wine.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  fire-arms  and  of  metallic  wares  generally,  earth- 
enware,  glass,  marble  goods,  woollen  cloths,  shawls,  clock- 
works, and  chemical  products.  Ardennes  is  divided  into 
the  arrondissements  of  Mdziires,  Rethel,  Rocroy,  Sedan, 
and  Vouziers,  its  chief  towns.  Capital,  M6zi(^res.  Pop.  in 
1876,326,782;  in  1881,  333,675;  in  1891,  324,923. 

Ardenno,  an-din'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  the  Valtel- 
lina,  12  miles  W.  of  Sondrio.     Pop.  1953. 

Ardcntes  San  Martin,  aK^d6Nt'  s&n<>  maR't&N»',  a 
commune  and  village  of  France,  department  of  Indre,  on 
the  Indre,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Chfitcauroux.     Pop.  2450. 

Ardes,  and,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Puy-de^ 
DOme,  on  the  Couze,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Issoire.     Pop.  1412. 

Ardesio,  au-di'se-o,  an  ancient  villogeof  Italy,  in  Ber« 
gamo.     Pop.  1949.     It  has  extensive  marble-quarries. 

Ardestan,  or  Ardistan,  an'df-st&n',  a  town  of  Per- 
sia, 86  miles  N.E.  of  Ispahan. 

Ard^fert',  a  village  and  parish  of  Ireland,  in  Munster, 
CO.  of  Kerry,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Tralee.     Pop.  192. 

Ardfin'nan,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Tipperary,  on 
the  Suir,  6i  miles  S.W.  of  Clonmcl.     Pop.  560. 

Ardglass',  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Down,  on 
the  Irish  Sea,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Downpatrick.  Pop.  of  town, 
613,  chiefly  engaged  in  fisheries.  The  pier  has  a  light- 
house. This  town  enjoyed  a  flourishing  commerce  during 
the  Lancastrian  dynasty. 

Ardish,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Akhlat. 

Ardistan,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Ardestan. 

Ardmeanach,  Scotland.    See  Cromarty. 

Ard'more,  a  city  of  the  Chickasaw  Nation,  Ind.  Ter., 
98  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Fort  Worth,  Texas.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  bank,  a  cotton  compress,  an  academy,  and  a 
newspaper  office,  and  in  the  vicinity  are  extensive  coal- 
mines.    Pop.  3000. 

Ardmorc,  a  post-town  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  7  miles  from  the  initial  station  at 
Philadelphia.  It  has  2  churches,  a  title  and  trust  company, 
a  graded  public  school,  and  manufactures  of  yarn  and 
worsted.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Ard^haglass'  Bay,  an  inlet  on  the  W.  coast  of  Ire- 
land, in  Connaught,  co.  of  Sligo.  It  extends  inland  for  6 
miles,  and  receives  the  Owenbeg  River,  and  at  its  head  ii 
the  town  of  Ballysadare. 

Ardnamurchan  (ard-na-mur'Kan)  Point,  a  cape  in 
Scotland,  the  westernmost  point  of  the  mainland  of  Britain. 
It  contains  a  light-house.     Lat.  56°  43'  45"  N. 

Ardnaree,  Ireland.     See  Ballina. 

Ardoch,  au'doK,  or  Braco,  bri'ko,  a  village  of  Scot- 
land, CO.  of  Perth,  4  miles  S.S.W.  of  Muthill. 

Ardoch,  ar'dok,  a  post-town  of  Walsh  co..  North  Da- 
kota, 25  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Grand  Forks.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  bank,  and  a  grain  elevator.     Pop.  400. 

Ardore,  aR-do'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Reggio 
di  Calabria,  7  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Gerace.     Pop.  5141. 

Ardoye,  anMwS,',  a  market-town  of  Belgium,  province 
of  West  Flanders,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  6100. 

Ar'drah,  or  Az'em,  a  town  of  Africa,  kingdom  of 
Dahomey,  lat.  6°  35'  N.,  Ion.  3°  42'  E.     Pop.  10,000. 

Ardres,  and'r,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Pas-de- 
Calais,  10  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Calais.  Pop.  2189.  Near 
this  was  held,  in  1520,  the  celebrated  interview  of  the  "Field 
of  the  Cloth  of  Gold,"  between  Henry  VIII.  and  Francis  I. 

Ardrishaig',  a  village  and  port  of  Scotland,  in  Argyle- 
shire, on  Loch  Gilp  and  the  Crinan  Canal,  19  miles  S  S.W. 
of  Inverarj'.     Pop.  1177. 

Ardrossan,  ar-dros'san,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  and 
16  miles  N.W.  of  Ayr,  on  the  Firth  of  Clyde,  opposite 
the  Isle  of  Arran.  It  is  now  a  fashionable  bathing-place, 
with  5  churches,  3  banks,  good  hotels,  and  handsome  villas; 
and  it  communicates  by  a  branch  railway  with  the  Glas- 
gow and  Ayr  lines  at  Kilwinning,  and  by  steam-packets 
with  Arran,  Belfast,  and  Liverpool.  The  harbor  has  a 
light-house  on  the  breakwater.     Pop.  4036. 

Ards'ley,  a  post-borough  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  New  York  A  Northern  Railroad,  15  miles  above  the 
initial  station  at  155th  Street,  New  York.     Pop.  400. 

Ard'straw,  a  parish  of  Ireland,  in  Ulster,  co.  of  Ty- 
rone, comprising  the  town  of  Newtown-Stewart  and  the 
villages  of  Ardstraw  and  Douglas  Bridge. 

Arduenna  Syiva,  the  ancient  name  of  Ardennes. 

Ard'wick}  a  suburb  of  Manchester,  England,  and 


I 


ARD 


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ABG 


within  the  bounds  of  its  borough.     The  Sheffield  Railway 
joins  that  of  Birmingham  in  this  suburb.     Pop.  28,066. 

ArdZ'Room,  or  Ardz-Rum.    See  Erzroom. 

Areas,  i-rd'is,  or  SSo  Miguel  das  Areas,  sSwn" 
me-gh5I'  dis  ^-ri'is,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  the  province  of 
Sao  Paulo,  110  miles  N.W.  of  Rio  Janeiro.     Pop.  5u00. 

Ar'ebo',  Ar^obo',  or  Arbon,  aR'b6K"',  a  town  of 
Africa,  in  Guinea,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Benin,  on  the  Benin 
River,  40  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Arcca  Island,  in  the  Strait  of  Malacca.    See  Penang. 

Arechavaleta,  S.-ri-ch3,-vi-li'tl,  a  town  of  Spain, 
in  Guipuzcoa,  27  miles  N.E.  of  Yitoria.     Pop.  860. 

Arecibo,  i-ri-see'bo,  a  seaport  of  Porto  Rico,  Spanish 
j  West  Indies,  on  the  Rio  Arecibo,  near  the  sea,  and  45  miles 
;  W.  of  San  Juan.  It  is  the  capital  of  the  province  of 
j  Arecibo.     Its  roadstead  is  exposed  to  N.  and  N.E.  winds, 

and  only  small  vessels  can  load  here.     Pop.  11,187. 
I      Arecife,  i-rd,-see'fA  {i.e.,  the  "  reef"),  a  seaport  town 
I  jot  the  Canaries,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  Lanzarote.     Pop.  2500. 

Ared,  a  province  of  Arabia.    See  Aared. 

Arclas,  Arelate,  or  Arelatum.    See  Arles. 

Aremberg-Meppen  (S.'rem-b8RG^  mJp'p^n),  a  former 
duchy,  situated  between  Oldenburg  and  the  Netherlands, 
now  a  part  of  Hanover.  Area,  740  square  miles.  It  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Ems,  and  consists  chiefly  of  sandy  moors  and 
heaths.  It  gives  title  to  a  line  of  dukes;  but  the  duchy 
has  been  mediatized,  and  has  only  a  nominal  existence. 

Arena,  i-ri'ni,  a  town  of  Abyssinia,  on  Ilowakel  Bay, 
on  the  W.  shore  of  the  Red  Sea,  50  miles  S.E.  of  Arkeeko. 

Arena,  i-ri'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Pavia,  18J 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Voghera.     Pop.  3673. 

Arena,  3,-ree'n4,  a  township  of  Mendocino  co.,  Cal. 

Arena,  a  post- village  of  Iowa  co..  Wis.,  in  Arena  town- 
ship, 1  mile  S.  of  the  Wisconsin  River,  and  on  the  Mil- 
waukee &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  29  miles  W.  of  Madison.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  graded  school. 
Pop.  about  500 ;  of  township,  1930. 

Ar'enac',  a  post- village  of  Arenac  co.,  Mich.,  on  Sag- 
inaw Bay,  28  miles  N.  of  Bay  City.     Pop.  250. 

Arena  Comitis.    See  Grayezande. 

Arenas,  S,-ri'nis,  a  Spanish  word  signifying  "sands," 
the  name  sometimes  given  to  islands,  capes,  sand-banks,  <fec. 

Arenas  de  San  Pedro,  &-ri'nls  di  sJn  pi'nro,  a 
village  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  36  miles  S.W.  of  Avila. 
Pop.  2300. 

Ar'endahl,  a  post-hamlet  in  Arendahl  township,  Fill- 
more CO.,  Minn.,  about  22  miles  S.W.  of  AVinona.  The 
township  is  intersected  by  Root  River  and  the  Southern 
Minnesota  Railroad.     Pop.  946. 

Arendal,  i'r§n-d3,r,  a  seaport  town  of  Norway,  36  miles 
N.E.  of  Christiansand,  on  the  Skager-Rack,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Nid-Elv.  It  is  built  on  islands  and  rocks  projecting 
into  the  commodious  haven  formed  within  the  islands  of 
Tromiie  and  Hiseroe.  The  buildings  are  of  wood,  clustered 
in  declivities,  and  scattered  up  the  surrounding  heights,  one 
of  which  is  crowned  by  a  handsome  church.  The  town  has 
a  commercial  and  other  schools,  a  custom-house,  and  yards 
for  ship-building.     Near  it  are  iron-mines.     Pop.  5800. 

Arendonck,  iV§n-d6nk',  a  town  of  Belgium,  29  miles 
N.E.  of  Antwerp.  Pop.  3650,  employed  in  stocking-  and 
linen-weaving,  and  in  distilling. 

Arendsee,  i'r§nt-s4%  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  53 
miles  N.  of  Magdeburg,  on  a  lake.     Pop.  2143. 

Arendtsville,  3,r'§nts-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co., 
Pa.,  7i  miles  N.E.  of  Gettysburg.  It  has  2  churches,  ohair- 
and  marble-works,  a  woollen-mill,  S  stores,  &c. 

Arcnsberg,  a  town  of  Germanj-.    See  Ar.nsberg. 

Arensburg,  i'r§ns-booRG\  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Livo- 
nia, capital  of  the  island  of  Oesel,  on  its  S.  coast,  in  the 
Gulf  of  Riga.     It  has  an  active  commerce.     Pop.  3256. 

Arenskrone,  a  town  of  Germany.  See  Deutsch-Krone. 

Arenys  de  Mar,  8,-ri-nees'  dA  maR,  a  seaport  town  of 
Spain,  on  the  Mediterranean,  in  Catalonia,  25  miles  by  rail 
N.E.  of  Barcelona.     Pop.  5385. 

Arenys  de  Munt,  S,-ri-nees'  dk  moont,  a  village  of 
Spain,  a  little  N.  of  the  foregoing.     Pop.  1379. 

Arenzano,  l-r5n-z3,'no.  a  village  of  Italy,  15  miles  by 
railway  W.  of  Genoa.     Pop.  3807. 

Ar'enzville,  a  post-town  of  Cass  co..  III.,  on  the  Rock- 
ford,  Rook  Island  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  80  miles  N.  of 
Alton.  The  township  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  a  pop.  of  about  600. 

Arequipa,  i-ri-kee'pi,  a  department  of  Peru,  extend- 
ing along  the  Pacific,  between  lat.  15°  and  20°  S.,  and  Ion. 
69°  and  75°  W.,  having  on  the  E.  Bolivia,  and  on  the  S. 
the  department  of  Moquegua.     Pop.  I(i0,282. 

Arequipa,  a  city  of  Peru,  capital  of  the  department  of 


the  same  name,  450  miles  S.E.  of  Lima,  and  about  40  miles 
from  the  shores  of  the  Pacific.  Lat.  16°  16'  S. ;  Ion.  72°  31'  W. 
Railways  connect  it  with  Mollendo  and  Puno.  It  is  a  bishop's 
see,  and  is  finely  situated,  7775  feet  above  the  sea-level,  on  the 
plain  of  Quilca,  on  the  river  Chili,  which  is  here  crossed  by 
a  handsome  stone  bridge.  It  enjoys  a  delightful  climate, 
and  is  one  of  the  best-built  towns  of  South  America.  It 
has  a  square  ornamented  with  an  elegant  bronze  foun- 
tain, a  cathedral,  a  university,  a  medical  school,  several 
churches,  nunneries,  convents,  a  college,  and  a  hospitaL 
The  houses  and  public  edifices  are  all  of  stone,  generally 
only  of  one  floor,  with  thick  walls  and  vaulted  roofs,  to 
resist  the  shocks  of  earthquakes,  which  are  so  destructive 
as  to  have  laid  the  city  in  ruins  on  difTerent  occasions.  It 
has  manufactures  of  woollen  and  cotton  stuffs  and  gold  and 
silver  tissue,  with  an  active  and  flourishing  trade.  In  the 
vicinity  are  gold-  and  silver-mines,  and  the  land  round  the 
town  is  fertile  and  well  cultivated.     Pop.  about  35,000. 

Arequipa,  a  mountain  of  Peru.     See  Misti. 

Ares,  3,'r5s,  a  seaport  of  Spain,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Co- 
runna,  with  ruins  of  extensive  fortifications.     Pop.  1850. 

Ar^ethu'sa,  a  celebrated  fountain  of  Sicily,  in  the  city 
of  Syracuse.  It  springs  from  the  earth  under  an  arch  in 
the  rock  a  short  distance  from  the  sea,  from  which  it  is  sep- 
arated by  the  city  wall  only.  The  water,  described  by  the 
ancient  writers  as  pure  and  sweet,  is  now  brackish  from  the 
sea  having  found  access  to  it. 

Arette,  i'rStt',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Basses- 
Pyren6es,  11  miles  from  Oloron.     Pop.  2065. 

Arevalo,  i-ri-vA'lo,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  28 
miles  N.  of  Avila,  on  a  railway.     Pop.  3114. 

Arezzo,  i-rSt'so  (anc.  Arre'tixm),  a  city  of  Italy,  Tus- 
cany, capital  of  the  province  of  its  own  name,  on  the  Chiana, 
an  affluent  of  the  Arno,  55  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Florence. 
Pop.  10,400.  Its  walls  are  evidently  Etruscan,  and  it 
abounds  in  architectural  remains  of  the  Middle  Ages.  Chief 
edifices,  a  cathedral,  and  several  other  churches  rich  in 
works  of  art ;  the  famous  loggie  of  Vasari,  in  the  principal 
square,  comprising  a  theatre,  town  hall,  hospital,  a  museum, 
and  a  library.  It  is  a  bishop's  see.  Ancient  Arretium  waa 
famous  for  its  manufacture  of  terra-cotta  and  fine  red  pot- 
tery. The  principal  manufactures  of  modern  Arezzo  are 
silks,  woollen  stuffs,  and  pins.  The  city  is  celebrated  for 
the  great  number  of  eminent  men  who  were  born  in  it. 

Arezzo,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  between  the 
provinces  of  Florence,  Pesaro  and  Urbino,  Siena,  and 
Umbria.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Apennines,  and  has  large 
forests.  Area,  1276  square  miles.  Capital,  Arezzo.  Pop. 
234,045. 

Arga,  aR'gil,  a  river  of  Spain,  in  Navarre,  rising  in  the 
Pyrenees,  falls  into  the  Aragon,  after  a  course  of  60  miles. 

Argicus,  ar-jee'us  (Turk.  Arjish-Dagh,  ar-jeesh'  dio, 
or  Erdjish-  (or  Erjish-)  Dagh,  er-jeesh'  die),  the  loftiest 
mountain  of  Asia  Minor,  12  miles  S.  of  Kaisareeyeh.  Cir- 
cumference, about  60  miles ;  height,  13,100  feet.  It  is 
isolated,  except  on  the  S.E.  side,  where  it  is  connected  with 
a  branch  of  the  Taurus,  and  its  flanks  are  studded  with 
volcanic  cones.     The  snow-line  is  10,700  feet  high. 

Argamasilla  de  Alba,  an-g^-mil-seeryi  di\  &rbi,  a 
town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  84  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of 
Madrid,  on  the  Guadiana.     Pop.  1600. 

Argamasilla  de  Calatrava,  aR-gl-ml-seeryi  d4 
kA-li-tri'vi,  a  town  of  Spain,  13  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Ciudad 
Real.     Pop.  2186. 

Argana  Maden.    See  Arghana-Madev. 

Arganda  del  Rey,  aR-gin'di  d81  ri'e,  a  town  of 
Spain,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  3314. 

Arganil,  an-gi-neel',  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Belra, 
28  miles  E.N.E.  of  Coimbra.     Pop.  2625. 

Ar^gaum',  a  village  of  Central  India,  38  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Ellichpoor.  Here  the  troops  under  the  Duke  of  Wel- 
lington (then  General  Wellesley)  totally  defeated  the  Nag- 
poor  forces,  November  28,  1803. 

Argel  and  Argeiino.    See  Algiers. 

Argeles,  aRzhMi'  or  aR^zh?h-li',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Hautes-Pyren6es,  17  miles  S.S.W.  of  Tarbes.     Pop.  1660. 

Argeles-sur-Mer,  aRzhM4'  sUr  maiR,  a  village  of 
France,  in  Pyrenees-Orientales,  12  miles  S.  of  Perpignan 
by  railway,  and  near  the  sea.     Pop.  2600. 

Argens,  aR^zh&so',  a  river  of  France,  department  of 
Var,  falls  into  the  Mediterranean  about  2i  miles  S.W.  of 
Frejus.     Course,  about  60  miles. 

Argenta,  aR-jSn'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  Po,  13 
miles  S.E.  of  Ferrara.    Pop.,  with  a  large  commune,  16,242. 

Argen'ta,  a  post-village  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ark.,  on  the 
Memphis  &,  Little  Rock  and  Little  Rock  &  Fort  Smith  Rail- 
roads, and  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Arkansas  River,  about  2 


ARG 


520 


ARG 


miles  Troin  Little  Rook.  It  hu  a  ohuroh,  a  publio  hall,  a 
flour-mill,  and  3  large  railroad  «hop«.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Argcnta,  a  post-villngoof  Maoon  oo.,  III.,  on  the  Cham- 
pai>;ii  A  Iliivana  Riiilrond,  12  luilcs  N.K.  of  Dcciitur. 

Argcuta«  n  stution  on  the  Kitlamiizoo  division  of  the 
Mitliii;iin  Southern  Uailroad,  9  niilos  N.  of  Kalamacoo, 

Argentn,  a  post-villaxe  of  Deavor  Head  oo.,  Montana, 
about  14  miles  N.B.  of  Bnnnool<  City.  Gold  and  silver  are 
found  nrar  this  pince.     It  has  a  smelting-furnnoe. 

Ar{;cnta«  a  station  in  Lander  oo.,  Nevada,  on  the  Con- 
trill  I'liciilc  Itailroad,  72  miles  E.  of  Winnemucoa. 

ArgClitan,  an*7.1i6N"U6N«'  {L. ArgenuK and  Argentonium 
CoKliiim),  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Orne,  at  the 
cniSHing  of  two  rnilway.«,  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Alen^on. 
Pop.  5:i7R.  It  is  well  built  and  clean,  nnd  has  a  normal 
school,  a  college,  and  manufactures  of  embroideries  and  lace, 
with  blc>auhing-ground.'<,  tanneries,  and  glove-works. 

Ar^ciitnria.    See  AROENTinnA. 

Ar{;ciitaro,  an-jfin-ti'ro,  or  Egrisoo-Tagh,  og're- 
BOo*  t&o,  a  mountain  of  Turkey  in  Europe,  one  of  the  high- 
est of  the  Jlalkan  range  between  Scrvia  and  Macedonia. 

ArgentarOf  an-j5n-ti'ro,  a  mountain  promontory  of 
Itnly,  projecting  into  the  Mediterranean  at  the  S.  e.xtremity 
of  Tuscany,  immediately  W.  of  Orbitello.  Its  culminating 
point.  III  Cuiia  dtlle  Ire  Croci,  is  1700  feet  high. 

Argentat,  aR*zh6N»^ti',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  CorrOzc,  on  the  Dordogne,  20  miles  S.£.  of  Tulle.  It 
has  coal-mines.     Pop.  3242. 

Argenteau,  an^zh6N°*to',  a  village  of  Belgium,  on  the 
Meuse,  0  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Liege.     Pop.  755. 

Argentcuil,  an*zhfis<»*tul'  (L.  AryeuUi'liam),  a  town 
of  France,  department  of  Seine-et-Oise,  on  the  Seine,  and 
on  a  railway,  II  miles  N.E.  of  Versailles.     Pop.  8078. 

Argenteiiil,  aR*zh6jj»Hni',  a  county  of  Quebec,  Canada, 
boumled  on  the  S.  by  the  Ottawa  River.  Area,  9;!5  square 
milcji.  It  is  watered  by  the  Rouge  and  North  Rivers.  The 
part  bordering  on  the  Ottawa  is  traversed  by  the  Canadian 
Pacific  Railway.     Chief  town,  Lachute. 

Argciitiera,  aa-jfin-te-i'ril,  Argentaria,  an-jSn-tl- 
ree'4,  i>r  Khimoli,  Kce'rao-lee  (anc.  Cimo'lia  or  Ci'mo'liie, 
and  Echiuu'sn,  or  "  isle  of  vipers"),  an  island  in  the  Gre- 
cian Archipelago.  Lat.  36°  49'  3"  N. ;  Ion.  24°  33'  5"  E. 
It  is  ei;;htoen  miles  in  circumference,  and  of  volcanic  forma- 
tion, nnd  was  once  famed  for  its  detergent  Ciraolian  earth. 

Argeiiti^re,  au^zhftN-oHe-aiK',  or  L'Argentiere, 
laR'zhfi.vHc-aiii',  a  commune  and  hamlet  of  France,  in 
llautes-Alpos,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Briangon,  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Durance.     Pop.  1149.     See  Col  d'Argentiere. 

Argentina,  aR-H^n-tee'ni  (now  called  Bahia  Blan* 
ca),  a  port  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  at  the  head  of  Blanco 
Bay,  390  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Buenos  Ayres. 

Argentine,  ar'jen-tine,  a  city  of  Wyandotte  co.,  Kansas, 
4  miles  by  rail  \V.  of  Kansas  City,  Mo.  It  has  9  churches, 
2  bank.«,  a  fine  graded  school  system,  manufactures  of  iron 
products  and  furniture,  and  extensive  gold  and  silver  smelt- 
ing-work.-<  which  employ  650  men.     Pop.  4732. 

Argentine,  a  post-village  of  Genesee  co.,  Mich.,  4  miles 
from  Linden  Railroad  Station,  and  about  18  miles  S.W.  of 
Flint.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  100. 

Argentine  Pass,  Colorado,  a  depression  of  the  main 
or  Front  Range  of  the  Rocky  Mountains.  Lat.  39°  37'  50" 
N. ;  Ion.  105°  46'  30"  W.     Elevation,  13,100  feet. 

Argentine  (ar'jen  tine)  Republic  (Sp.  JlepUhlica 
Argentina,  r4.-poob'le-ki  aR-nfin-tee'ni ;  Fr.  Repnbltque 
Argentine,  ri'piibMcek'  aR'zh6N"Hecn'),  a  South  American 
republic,  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Bolivia,  on  the  E.  by  Para- 
guay, Brazil,  Uruguay,  and  the  Atlantic,  on  the  S.  by  the  At- 
lantic and  Chili,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Andes,  which  sepa- 
rate it  from  Chili.  It  extends  from  lat.  21°  to  55°  S.,  a 
distance  of  about  2400  miles,  and  is  mostly  included  be- 
tween 53°  and  70°  W.  Ion.  Its  average  breadth  is  nearly 
700  miles.  The  area  is  1,125,000  square  miles.  Nearly 
all  the  Atlantic  versantof  Patagonia  belongs  to  this  repub- 
lic, together  with  Staten  Land  and  apart  of  Fuegia.  The 
Arjreniine  Republic  is  nearly  all  in  the  temperate  zone. 

Face  of  the  Country. — This  country  has  no  hi<;h  moun- 
tains except  the  Andes,  which  extend  along  the  W.  boun- 
dary for  2500  miles.  Among  the  mountain-peaks  which 
rise  between  the  Argentine  Republic  and  Chili  are  Acon- 
cagua (22,422  feet  high)  nnd  Tupungato,  the  former  of 
which  is  said  to  be  the  highest  on  the  continent.  The 
summits  of  these  peaks  are  covered  with  perpetual  snow. 
The  northwestern  part  of  the  country  is  occupied  by  several 
ranges  or  branches  of  the  Andes.  Between  the  Cordillera 
and  the  great  plains  are  fertile  valleys  and  well-watered 
hilly  regions.  The  term  "Argentine  Mesopotamia"  is  ap- 
plied to  a  fertile  tract  of  low  land  which  lies  between  the 


rlrera  Paran&  and  Uruguay.  The  northern  part  of  this 
tract  is  extensively  covered  by  forests.  The  central  part 
of  the  republic  is  a  vast  plain  calle<l  the  PmnpaH,  which  ig 
nearly  destitute  of  forests.  The  soil  of  the  Pani)ms  is  fer- 
tile, and  produces  pasture  for  immense  lierds  of  cattle  iinil 
horses.  This  great  plain,  which  is  generally  level,  him  a 
deep,  alluvial  soil,  which  in  the  wet  season  is  covcri'd  with 
long  grass  and  gigantic  thistles.  A  stone  can  hardly  be 
found  here  for  hundreds  of  miles.  The  Argentine  Republic 
comprises  part  of  an  extensive  plain  called  the  (iron  Clmen 
which  lies  on  the  N.  border  of  the  Pampas.  Many  saline 
lakes  occur  in  the  southern  part  of  the  Pampas.  Patagonia 
has  large  areas  of  good  pasturage  and  arable  land ;  but 
some  parts  are  extremely  stony. 

Itivert  and  Lake*. — The  principal  northern  rivers  are 
the  Parand,  the  Paraguay,  the  Uruguay,  the  Pilcomnyo, 
and  the  Vermejo.  Several  of  these  unite  in  the  K.  part 
and  pour  their  waters  into  the  Atlantic  through  a  common 
outlet  called  the  Rio  de  la  Plata,  which  is  a  wide  estuary 
rather  than  a  river.  At  its  mouth,  between  Capo  St.  An- 
tonio and  Cape  St.  Mary,  it  is  170  miles  wide.  Above 
Montevideo  the  navigable  channel  is  contracted  between 
sand-banks,  and  the  water  on  its  southern  shore  is  so  shal- 
low that  extensive  harbor-improvements  have  been  required 
in  order  to  enable  large  ships  to  approach  Buenos  Ayres. 
The  main  branches  of  the  Plata  are  the  Paran(i  nnd  the 
Uruguay.  The  former  runs  nearly  southward  after  it 
enters  this  republic  from  Brazil.  It  is  about  2200  miles 
long.  Steamboats  can  ascend  the  Pnran^  and  its  affluent 
the  Paraguay  about  1000  miles.  The  largest  afllucnts  of 
the  Parand  are  the  Paraguay,  the  Salado,  and  the  Vermejo, 
which  are  all  navigable.  The  lower  Pilcomnyo  River 
forms  part  of  the  boundary  between  Paraguay  nnd  the  Ar- 
gentine Republic  by  a  treaty  concluded  in  February,  lS7fi. 
The  great  plains  called  Pampas  are  not  traversed  by  any 
permanent  rivers  except  the  Rio  Colorado,  which  runs 
southeastward  and  enters  the  Atlantic  after  a  course  of 
about  600  miles.  Marshes,  lagoons,  and  temporary  lakes 
are  numerous  in  the  central  and  southern  plains.  Many 
of  these  disappear  in  the  dry  season,  leaving  the  ground 
covered  with  saline  deposits.  Near  the  left  bank  of  the 
Paranit  is  a  large  shallow  lake  of  fresh  water,  called  Ibera. 
The  more  important  southern  rivers  are  tho  Rio  Negro, 
Chubut,  Deseada,  and  Santa  Cruz. 

Climate. — The  climate  is  generally  healthy.  In  the  ex- 
treme northern  part  the  heat  is  oppressive.  The  elevated 
plains  of  Mendoza  enjoy  an  agreeable  and  temperate  cli- 
mate, and  the  wide  region  between  Mendoza  and  Buenos 
Ayres  has  one  of  the  finest  climates  in  the  world.  The 
mean  annual  temperature  at  Buenos  Ayres  is  about  61° 
Fahr.  The  central  and  southern  plnins  are  subject  to  long 
droughts.  The  pampero,  a  violent  wind  blowing  from  the 
S.W.  in  the  dry  season,  raises  clouds  of  dust  that  darken 
the  air.  Patagonia  has  in  general  a  cool  and  healthy  cli- 
mate. Even  in  Fuegia  the  climate,  though  harsh  and  dis- 
agreeable, is  never  very  cold. 

Geology  and  Minerals. — Granite,  gneiss,  and  porphyry 
abound  in  the  mountains  on  the  W.  border  of  the  republic. 
The  islands  of  the  river  Paran&  are  also  granitic.  Tho 
formation  of  the  Pampas  is  alluvial.  In  the  southern  part 
of  the  Pampas  occur  fossils  of  gigantic  extinct  animals 
called  Megatherium,  Glyptodon,  Ac.  Gold,  silver,  and  cop- 
per are  found  in  the  Aconquija  Cordillera,  which  separates 
Catamarca  from  Tucuman.  Mines  of  silver  and  copper 
have  been  discovered  in  La  Rioja,  nnd  mines  of  gold  in  the 
province  of  C6rdoba.  Rich  deposits  of  gold  occur  in  th« 
southern  territories.  Among  the  other  minerals  are  coal, 
iron,  alum,  cement,  copper,  lead,  tin,  sulphur,  and  salt. 

Plants  and  Animals. — The  flora  of  the  Pampas  is  not 
remarkable  for  variety.  Characteristic  plants  of  the  Grao 
Chaco  are  thorny  mimosas  and  species  of  cactus.  Palms 
and  other  tropical  trees  are  found  in  Salta  and  other  north- 
ern provinces.  Extensive  forests  occur  along  the  river 
Parand.  The  provinces  of  C6rdoba,  Santiago,  nnd  Tucu- 
man are  covered  with  forests  of  magnificent  trees  of  excel- 
lent timber.  The  southern  territories  are  well  wooded. 
The  mat6,  or  Paraguay  tea,  is  indigenous  northward. 
Among  the  cultivated  plants  are  cotton,  sugar-cane,  to- 
bacco, cereal  grains  of  nearly  every  important  kind,  grapes, 
apples,  and  peaches. 

The  principal  indigenous  animals  are  the  jaguar,  tho 
puma  or  cougar,  the  ounce,  the  tapir,  the  capybara,  the 
guanaco,  the  chinchilla,  the  biscacha,  the  armadillo,  the 
rhea,  and  the  condor.  The  immense  herds  of  cattle  and 
horses  that  roam  over  the  Pampas  are  of  European  brecils. 

Agriculture,  Commerce,  dbc. — A  leading  source  of  wealth 
consists  in  the  rearing  of  cattle,  horses,  and  sheep.  Agricul- 


ARG 


521 


ARG 


tare  is  making  excellent  progress.  Large  and  increasing 
quantities  of  cotton,  sugar-cane,  tobacco,  wheat,  barley,  oats, 
maize,  and  rice  are  raised.  There  are  manufactures  of 
flour,  spirits,  phosphorus,  Ac,  and  large  establishments  for 
the  handling  of  various  cattle-products.  Some  of  the 
Indians  make  blankets,  cloth,  mantles  (ponchos),  &c.,  of 
wool.  The  chief  articles  of  export  are  hides,  tallow,  wool, 
feathers,  horns,  beef,  bones,  sheep,  horses,  grain,  cattle, 
copper,  silver,  tin,  and  lead.  This  republic  has  many  lines 
of  railway,  with  an  aggregate  length  of  about  5000  miles. 

Papulation  and  Gooernment. — The  people  are  very  largely 
of  Spanish  race  and  language.  The  aborigines  are  mostly 
uncivilized.  A  large  part  of  the  population  is  composed  of 
mestizoes,  called  Gauchos,  who  live  on  horseback  and  are 
employed  in  taming  wild  horses  and  in  catching  and 
slaughtering  cattle.  The  Gran  Chaco  and  Patagonia  are 
infested  by  several  tribes  of  Indians  of  wandering  habits. 
Numbers  of  French,  Italian,  and  other  European  immigrants 
have  recently  settled  in  this  republic.  The  Catholic  religion 
predominates  here,  but  other  religions  are  tolerated.  A 
portion  of  the  aborigines  have  been  Christianized.  The 
immigration  laws  are  extremely  liberal,  and  the  country 
offers  many  attractions  to  immigrants.  The  republic  is  one 
of  the  most  prosperous  in  South  America. 

The  government  is  a  federal  republic,  administered  by  a 
president,  who  is  elected  for  a  term  of  6  years.  There  are 
two  legislative  bodies,  the  senate  and  the  chamber  of  depu- 
ties. The  senate  is  composed  of  2  members  from  each 
province.  Buenos  Ayres  is  the  capital  of  the  republic, 
which  is  divided  into  14  provinces, — namely,  Buenos  Ayres, 
Catamarea,  Cdrdoba,  Corrientes,  Entre  Rios,  Jujuy,  La 
Rioja,  Mendoza,  Salta,  San  Junn,  San  Luis,  Santa  F6,  San- 
tiago, and  Tucuman  ;  besides  which  there  are  the  national 
territories  of  Pampa,  Neuquen,  Rio  Negro,  Chubut,  Santa 
Cruz,  Fucgia,  Missiones,  Formoza,  and  Chaco.  The  prov- 
inces correspond  to  the  States  of  the  North  American 
Union,  nnd  the  constitution  of  the  republic  is  formed  on 
the  model  of  that  of  the  United  States.  The  principal 
towns  are  Buenos  Ayres,  the  federal  capital,  C6rdoba,  Ro- 
eario.  La  Plata,  Mendoza,  Tucuman,  Corrientes,  and  Santa 
F6.  Chubut  is  an  interesting  Welsh  colony  in  Patagonia. 
The  population  of  the  republic  in  1887  was  4,046,654.  The 
government  gives  great  attention  to  popular  education, 
and  public  schools  of  various  grades  are  maintained  in 
great  numbers.  There  are  universities  at  Buenos  Ayres 
and  C6rdoba,  and  at  the  latter  place  there  is  a  celebrated 
astronomical  observatory. 

History. — In  1 527,  Sebastian  Cabot,  in  the  service  of  the 
King  of  Spain,  entered  the  Plata  and  ascended  the  river 
Parand.  Don  Pedro  de  Mendoza  built  a  fort  on  the  site 
of  Buenos  Ayres  in  1535,  and  explored  the  interior.  Soon 
after  this  date  the  Spaniards  founded  several  towns,  and 
began  the  conquest  of  the  country.  For  nearly  two  centu- 
ries these  Spanish  colonics  were  governed  by  the  Viceroy 
of  Peru.  Revolutionary  movements  commenced  here,  as  in 
other  American  colonies  of  Spain,  about  1810.  The  people 
were  involved  in  civil  wars,  some  fighting  for  the  king  and 
others  for  independence.  The  deputies  of  several  provinces 
met  in  1816,  renounced  their  allegiance  to  the  King  of 
Spain,  and  founded  a  republic  under  the  name  of  La  Plata. 
After  that  time  the  country  was  for  some  time  disturbed  by 
revolutions  and  civil  wars.  Two  parties.  Federalists  and 
Unitarians,  contended  for  mastery.  Gen.  Rosas  was  for  a 
time  the  leader  of  the  Federalists,  who  opposed  a  strong 
central  government  and  desired  a  federation  of  states  which 
should  be  nearly  independent.  Rosas  acted  as  dictator 
from  1835  to  1852.  He  was  defeated  in  that  year  by  the 
united  forces  of  Brazil,  Paraguay,  and  Gen.  Urquiza. 
Rosas  went  into  exile,  and  Urquiza  was  elected  president. 
The  province  of  Buenos  Ayres  seceded  in  1853,  and  initiated 
another  civil  war.  After  Urquiza  had  gained  several  vic- 
tories, Buenos  Ayres  rejoined  the  confederation  in  1860,  in 
which  year  the  constitution  was  amended.  Between  1865 
and  1870  the  allied  powers  of  the  Argentine  Republic  and 
Brazil  waged  war  against  Paraguay.  The  dispute  with  Chili 
regarding  the  Patagonian  territories  was  settled  in  1881. 

Argenton-sur-Creuse,  aR'zh6NoMiN<»'  sUr  kruz 
(anc.  Argentom'aijus),  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Indre,  on  the  Creuse,  20  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Chateauroux. 
Pop.  5274.     It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths. 

Argentoratum,  the  ancient  name  of  Stbasburg. 

Argentr6,  au^zhdNo'tri',  a  village  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Ille-et-Vilaine,  5  miles  S.S.E.  of  Vitr6.    Pop.  21 75. 

Argentr^-sous-Laval,  aR^zh6i(«Hri'  soo  IdVil',  a 
Tillage  of  France,  in  Mayenne,  6  miles  E.  of  Laval.  P.  1564. 

Argenuse,  the  Latin  name  of  Argentan. 

Arghana-Maden,  aB*gi-ni'-mi'd5n,  a  town  of 
34 


Asiatic  Turkey,  33  miles  N.W.  of  Diarlvekir,  on  the  Tigris, 
near  its  source.     Pop.  about  4000.     It  has  copper-mines. 

Arghuri,  a  village  of  Armenia.     See  Argoouee. 

Argigo,  a  town  of  Abyssinia.     See  Arkeeko. 

Ar'gillite,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greenup  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Eastern  Kentucky  Railroad,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Grayson. 

Argiro-Kastro,  Albania.     See  ARGyRO-CASTRO. 

Ar'go  (anc.  Gaugodes  •r  Gorat),  an  island  of  Nubia, 
in  the  Nile,  between  lat.  19°  10'  and  19°  32'  N.  Length, 
from  N.  to  S.,  25  miles ;  breadth,  5  miles. 

Ar'go,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Great 
Southern  Railroad,  21  miles  N.E.  of  Birmingham. 

Argo,  a  post-village  and  railway  junction  of  Arapahoe 
CO..  Col.,  2  miles  N.W.  of  Denver.     Pop.  300. 

Argo,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  111.,  about  8  miles 
S.W.  of  Mount  Carroll. 

Argo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Mo.,  about  15  miles 
N.  of  Steelville. 

Argolicus  Sinns,  ancient  name  of  Gulf  of  Nauplia. 

Ar'golis  and  Cor'inth,  a  nome  of  Greece,  in  the 
N.E.  part  of  the  Morea.  Area,  1442  square  miles.  Capi- 
tal, Nauplia.  Pop.  127,820.  The  district  of  Argolis  ex- 
tends along  the  N.  shore  of  the  Gulf  of  Nauplia. 

Argo'nia,  a  post-town  of  Sumner  co.,  Kansas,  at  a 
railway  junction  20  miles  W.  of  VVellington.  It  has  3 
churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  ofiSces,  and  an  extensive 
mercantile  business.     Pop.  about  500. 

Argonne,  aR'gonn',  or  Forest  of  Argonne,  a  re- 
gion of  France,  departments  of  Mouse  and  Ardennes.  It 
forms  a  small  plateau,  partly  covered  with  wood,  extending 
from  Toul  to  M6zi6res,  and  separating  the  basins  of  the 
Aisne  and  the  Meuse. 

Argoon,  or  Argun,  ar-goon',  a  river  of  Asia,  rises  in 
a  lake  in  Chinese  Tartary,  and,  flowing  from  S.  to  N.,  sepa- 
rates the  Russian  and  Chinese  Empires,  and  joins  the  Shilka 
to  form  the  Araoor.  Argooxsk  is  a  fort  of  Russia,  on  th« 
left  bank  of  the  Argoon,  in  lat.  51°  51'  N.,  Ion.  119°  50'  E. 

Argoon,or  Argun,  a  river  in  the  Russian  dominions, 
Cireassia,  rises  in  the  Caucasus,  flows  N.N. E.,  and  joins  the 
Terek  in  Ion.  46°  10'  E. 

Argooree,  or  Arguri,  an-goo'ree,  a  village  of  Russian 
Armenia,  186  miles  S.  of  Tiflis,  on  the  N.E.  slope  of  Mount 
Ararat,  about  5400  feet  above  the  sea.  This  was  formerly 
one  of  the  most  beautiful  villages  in  Armenia.  On  July 
2,  1840,  a  great  earthquake,  or  more  probably  a  land-slide, 
destroyed  the  village  monastery  and  chapel,  with  some  1500 
of  the  inhabitants.     Only  114  people  escaped. 

Argos,  ar'ggs,  a  town  of  Greece,  nome  of  Argolis  and 
Corinth,  6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Nauplia,  near  the  head  of  its 
gulf,  and  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Corinth.  Pop.  with  surround- 
ings, 10,620.  It  is  considered  the  most  ancient  city  of 
Greece,  and  was  long  the  capital  of  Argolis.  The  ruins  of 
Ari/os  Amphilochicum,  Acarnania,  exist  at  the  S.E.  corner 
of  the  Gulf  of  Arta,  15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Vonitza. 

Argos,  a  post-town  of  Marshall  co.,  Ind.,  93  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Chicago,  and  110  miles  N.  of  Indianapolis.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  ofiSce.  graded  schools, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  flour.     Pop.  (1890)  1105. 

Argostoli,  aR-gos'to-le,  a  seaport  town  of  Greece,  capi- 
tal of  the  island  of  Cephalonia,  on  its  S.W.  side,  with  an 
excellent  port  in  the  Gulf  of  Argostoli.  Lat.  38°  10'  N. ; 
Ion.  19°  59'  3"  E.  Here  are  mills  driven  by  remarkable 
streams  flowing  from  the  sea  into  crevices  or  caverns  of  the 
island.     It  is  the  residence  of  a  Greek  bishop.     Pop.  8016. 

Argouges,  aR^goozh',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Manche,  15  miles  from  Avranches.     Pop.  1392. 

Argoun,  a  river  of  Asia,    See  Argoon. 

Argovie,  and  Argovia.     See  Aargau. 

Arguenon,  au*gh§h-n6n»',  a  river  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  C&tes  du  Nord,  falls  into  the  English  Channel  at 
Le  Guildo,  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Malo. 

Arguin,  an  goo-een'  or  aR-gween',  an  island  off  the  W. 
of  Africa,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Cape  Blanco,  and  about  8  miles 
from  the  shore.  Lat.  20°  27'  N. ;  Ion.  16°  37'  W.  It  is 
4  miles  long  and  3  miles  broad.  The  dangerous  bank  of 
Arguin  extends  N.  to  S.  135  miles,  from  near  Cape  Blanco 
to  Cape  Mirik.     Arguin  is  claimed  by  France. 

Argun,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Argoon. 

Arguri,  a  village  of  Armenia.     See  Argooree. 

Argurokastron,  modern  Greek  for  Argyro-Castro. 

Ar'gus,  a  hamlet  of  Crenshaw  co.,  Ala.,  about  36  miles 
S.  of  Montgomery.     It  has  a  church. 

Ar'gusvilie,  a  post-village  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.T.,  9 
miles  N.  of  Cobleskill,  and  about  50  miles  W.  of  Albany. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  250. 

Argusville,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  N.D.  14  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Fargo.    It  has  a  churoh. 


ARO 


522 


ARI 


Argrle^  or  Argyll,  ftr-ghllo',  a  county  of  Scotland,  on 
Its  W.  »ido,  greatly  indented  by  armi  of  tho  soa,  and  having 
on  the  N.  Invomoss-chire,  on  the  E.  the  counties  of  Pertu 
and  Dumbarton,  and  on  the  AV.  and  S.  the  Atlantic  and 
Irish  Channel.  It  includes  the  blands  of  Mull,  Islay,  Jura, 
Tiree.Coll,  lona  or  Icolmkill,  Staffa,  Ac.  Area,  3256  squuro 
miles,  of  which  nearly  a  half  belongs  to  tho  islands.  Pup. 
76,079.  Surface  mostly  ruggt^  and  uiountuinous.  Loch 
Awe  is  in  this  oounty.  Great  numbers  of  cattle  are  roared 
here  for  export  to  southern  markets.  Chief  towns,  In  verary, 
Campbeltown,  and  Oban.  It  returns  1  member  to  the  House 
of  Commons.  Argylo  gives  the  title  of  duke  to  the  bead  of 
the  Camiiboll  family. 

Argyle,  ar-ghlle',  a  post-village  of  Walton  co.,  Fla,, 
T4  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Pensaoola.     Pop.  about  250. 

Argyle,  a  station  in  Clinch  co.,  Ga.,  on  tho  Atlantic 
k  Gulf  Railroad,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Dupont. 

Argyle,  a  post-village  of  Winnebago  co.,  111.,  in  Harlem 
township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Rockford.  It  has  a  church,  and  an  elevator 
for  grain.    The  village  was  settled  by  Scottish  immigrants. 

Argyle,  a  post-township  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  on  the 
W.  bank  of  tho  Penobscot  River,  20  miles  N.  of  Bangor.  It 
has  manufactures  of  shingles  and  lumber.     Pop.  307. 

Argyle,  a  post-township  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mich.,  about  45 
miles  E.  of  Bay  City.     Pop.  122. 

Argyle,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Minn.,  39  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Crookston.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  400. 

Argylc,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Argyle  township,  45  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Albany.  It 
contains  the  Argyle  Academy  and  several  churches.  Pop. 
351 ;  of  the  township,  2850. 

Argyle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.C.,  about 
16  miles  W.  of  Fayetteville. 

Argyle,  a  post-village  of  Lafayette  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Pecatonica  River,  28  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Dodgeville.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  high  school,  a  flour-mill,  several  stores  and 
other  business  concerns,  and  a  newspaper  ofRce.    Pop.  411. 

Argyle,  a  post-village  and  township  in  Yarmoutn  co., 
Nora  Scotia,  on  the  sea-coast,  19  miles  S.E.  of  Yarmduth. 
Pop.  of  township,  1333. 

Argyle,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co.,  Ontario,  67  miles 
by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Toronto.     Pop.  100. 

Argyle  Landing,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co..  Miss., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  2  miles  from  Greenville. 

Argyll,  a  county  of  Scotland.    See  Argyle. 

Argyro-Castro,  an'ghe-ro  kis'tro  (modern  Greek  Ar- 
gurukastron ;  Turk.  Enjrce  Kastree),  a  town  of  Albania, 
vilayet  of  Yanina,  on  the  Deropuli,  a  tributary  of  the  Vo- 
yussa,  47  miles  N.W.  of  Yanina.  Pop.  about  6000.  It  is 
picturesquely  situated,  and  has  many  mosques,  a  ruined 
castle,  and  a  good  bazaar.     It  is  celebrated  for  its  ^nuff. 

Ar'i,  a  post-office  of  Allen  co.,  Ind. 

Aria,  the  ancient  name  of  eastern  provinces  of  Pep«ia. 

Ariabinum,  supposed  ancient  name  of  MtfLnAusi;N. 

Arialdunum,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Rute. 

Ariana,  ir-§-an'a,  a  township,  Grundy  co..  111.    P.  337. 

Ariano,  4-re-i'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Avcllino, 
m  the  Apennines,  17  miles  by  railway  E.  of  Benevcnto. 
Pop.  14,347.  It  has  a  mountain-fortress,  a  cathedral,  a 
diocesan  school,  manufactures  of  earthenware,  and  an  export 
trade  in  wine  and  in  butter. 

Aria  Falus,  the  ancient  name  of  Hamoox. 

Arica,  i-ree'kS.,  a  maritime  town  of  Chili,  in  the  prov- 
ince of  Tarapaca,  200  miles  S.S.E.  of  Arequipa.  Lat.  18° 
28'  S. ;  Ion.  70°  10'  W.     It  was  formerly  a  much  more  im- 

Eortant  place  than  now.  It  has  manufactures  of  glass 
cads,  and  is  the  principal  port  through  which  the  foreign 
business  is  carried  on  with  Bolivia.  It  is  connected  by  rail- 
way with  Tacna.  Pop.  of  the  town,  though  onco  estimated 
at  30,000,  is  now  only  about  4000. 

Aricati,  a  town  and  river  of  Brazil.    See  Aracati. 

Arichat,  i-re-shit',  a  seaport  of  Nova  Scotia,  on  Isle 
Madame.  Lat.  45°  28'  N. ;  Ion.  61°  3'  W.  It  has  im- 
portant fishery  establishments,  and  is  the  chief  town  of  the 
«ounty  of  Richmond.  It  has  a  Catholic  bishop,  a  large 
ladies'  seminary,  a  convent,  an  English  academy,  and  a 
good  harbor.  A  lead-mine  has  been  worked  at  the  head  of 
the  harbor.     Pop.  1058. 

Arid,  dr'id,  a  grouji  of  small  islands  in  the  Indian  Oces.n. 
Lat.  46°  56'  S. ;  Ion.  47°  30'  E. 

Ari6ge,  I're-aizh',  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  the  East- 
ern Pyrenees,  traverses  the  departments  of  Ari6ge  and  Haute- 
•Garonne,  and  joins  the  Garonne.     Length,  90  miles. 

Ari^ge,  a  department  in  the  S.  of  France,  having  S.  the 
'Pyrenees and  Spain;  W., Haute-Garonne ;  N.E.,  Aude;  and 


S.E.,  Pyr6nde8-0ricnta1eB.  Area,  1738  square  miles.  Two. 
thirds  of  tho  province  is  covered  with  mountains,  which  ri»« 
from  N.  to  S.,  and  reach  their  greatest  elevation  on  the  ex. 
treme  frontier  in  the  Pyrenees.  Tho  princij)al  summit  ii 
Montcalm,  10,011  feet  high.  The  various  branches,  stretch- 
ing from  E.  to  AV.,  separate  the  department  into  two  valleys, 
the  one  watered  by  tuo  Arif-ge  and  the  other  by  tho  .Salat. 
In  the  N.  tho  climate  is  mild  and  temperate;  but  in  the  S. 
the  heat  is  oppressive  in  summer  and  tho  cold  extreme  in 
winter.  The  nigher  lands  in  the  S.  furnish  wood  and  pas- 
turago ;  the  lower  are  remarkable  for  their  fertility.  Ths 
vine  is  cultivated  up  to  the  middle  of  the  higher  mountains. 
Large  numbers  of  cattle,  sheep,  and  goats  are  reared.  Tha 
staple  trade  of  the  department  is  in  iron,  the  principal  minei 
of  which  are  on  the  Vicdossos.  Lead  and  copper  are  pro* 
cured  in  various  places;  also  small  quantities  of  silver. 
Marble,  gypsum,  slates,  and  coal  arc  worked.  Chief  com- 
merce in  iron,  wood  for  building,  grain,  and  cheese ;  and 
manufactures  of  steel  wares,  paper,  cotton,  and  woollen 
cloth.  It  is  divided  into  the  arrondissements  of  Foix, 
Pamiers,  and  St.  G  irons.  Capital,  Foix.  Pop.  in  1876, 
244,795;  in  1881,  240,601;  in  1891.  227,491, 

Ariel,  a'ro-§l,  a  post-otEce  of  M'ayne  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Coal  Company's  Railroad,  15  miles  W.  of 
Hawley.  Here  are  2  stations,  No.  12  and  No.  19,  each  of 
which  has  a  stationary  engine,  one  for  each  of  the  two  lines 
of  the  railroad. 

Ariel  I  i,  i-re-fil'lee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  9 
miles  S.E.  of  Chieti.     Pop.  1203. 

Arienzo,  i-re-6n'zo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Ca- 
serta,  on  a  railway,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Naples.     Pop.  3757. 

Ariet'ta,  a  post-township  of  Hamilton  co.,  N.V.,  in  the 
"Great  North  Woods."  It  contains  Lake  Piscco,  a  resort  for 
anglers  and  tourists.     Pop.  139. 

Arigal,  I're-g&l,  a  mountain  of  Ireland,  Ulster,  co.  of 
Donegal,  7i  miles  E.  of  Guidore  Bay.     Height,  2462  feet. 

Arime,  an  ancient  name  of  the  island  of  Ischia. 

Ariminum,  the  ancient  name  of  Ribiim. 

Ariiios,  &-ree'noce,  a  river  of  Brazil,  state  of  Matto- 
Grosso,  rises  in  tho  Parcels  Mountains,  takes  a  N.W.  course, 
and  falls  into  the  river  Tapajos,  an  affluent  of  the  Amazon, 
in  lat.  9°  30'  S.,  Ion.  58°  20'  W.     Length,  about  700  miles. 

Arinthod,  ih-iN»Ho',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Jura,  19  miles  S.  of  Lons-le-Saulnier.     Pop.  1255. 

Ar'ion,  a  post- hamlet  of  Scioto  co.,  0.,  12  miles  by  rail 
N.  of  Portsmouth,  and  94  miles  E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  bos 
several  stores. 

Arios'to,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dale  co.,  Ala.,  5  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Ozark. 

Aripo,  a,-ree'po,  or  Arip'po,  a  village  of  Ceylon,  on  its 
W.  coast,  35  miles  N.N.E.  of  Calpentyn.  It  is  the  residence 
of  government  authorities  during  the  pearl-fishing  season. 

Arisaig,  dr-i-sfik',  a  post-village  in  Antigonish  co., 
Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  32i  miles  N.E. 
of  New  Glasgow.     Pop.  150. 

Arish,  El,  a  village  of  Egypt.    See  El-Areesh. 

Arispc,  i-ris'pi,  a  town  of  Mexico,  capital  of  Sonora, 
on  the  Sonora  River,  in  the  Sierra  Madre.  Pop.  about  .'5000, 
There  are  extensive  ruins  N.W.  of  the  town,  and  numerous 
mines  in  its  vicinitj'. 

Aris'pe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  Iowa,  about  60 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Des  Moines. 

Aris'pie,  a  post-office  of  Pottawatomie  co.,  Kansas. 

Aristiza'ble  Island,  British  Columbia,  in  lat.  52° 
40'  N.,  Ion.  129°  W.,  lies  in  Queen  Charlotte's  Soun<l,  is  27 
miles  long,  and  is  separated  by  Laredo  Channel  from  Princess 
Royal  Island. 

Arith,  i'reet',  a  town  of  France,  in  Savoy,  near  the  river 
Cheran.     Pop.  912. 

Aritzu,  a  village  of  Sardinia.    See  Arizit. 

Ariza,  i-ree'thi,  a  town  of  Spain,  on  a  railway,  70  miles 
S.A\'.  of  Saragossa.     Pop.  1232. 

Arize,  4'reez',  or  Larize,  liVeez',  a  river  of  France^ 
after  a  course  of  about  25  miles,  falls  into  the  Garonne,  op- 
posite Carbonne.  It  traverses  Roche-du-Mas,  one  of  the 
most  remarkable  caverns  of  the  Pyrenees. 

Arizo'na,  a  territory  of  the  United  States,  bordering 
on  Mexico,  is  bounded  N.  by  Utah  and  Nevada,  E.  by  New 
Mexico,  S.  by  Mexico,  and  W.  by  California  and  Ncvnda. 
The  37th  degree  of  N.  lat.  is  its  northern,  and  the  lO'.tth 
degree  of  W.  Ion.  its  eastern  limit,  and  nearly  all  the  W. 
border  is  washed  by  the  navigable  Rio  Colorado  of  the 
West.     Area,  113,020  square  miles. 

Arizona  is  entirely  within  the  valley  of  the  Colorado,  two 
of  whose  principal  tributaries,  the  Gila  and  the  Little  Col- 
orado, traverse  it  from  E.  to  W.  Many  of  the  strearai 
of  the  territory  flow  to  a  greater  or  less  extent  in  deeply* 


ARI 


523 


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eroded  chasms  or  canons,  the  most  remarkable  of  which  is 
the  Grand  Canon  of  the  Colorado,  whose  walls  for  more  than 
300  miles  rise  usually  from  3000  to  6000  feet  sheer  from  the 
water's  edge;  and  the  passage  of  boats  along  this  gloomy 
tjurse  can  only  be  effected  at  extreme  peril,  owing  to  the 
frequency  of  rocks  and  rapids.  The  rainfall  of  Arizona  is 
email,  and  occurs  chiefly  during  July,  August,  and  Septem- 
ber. The  streams  are  mainly  useful  as  sources  of  supply 
for  irrigation  and  mining.  Where  irrigation  can  be  effected, 
the  soil  usually  proves  richly  productive,  even  on  alkaline 
plains  which  were  apparently  worthless  desert;  while  vast 
tracts  of  waste  and  mountain  land  have  proved  to  be  ad- 
mirably adapted  to  wool-growing  and  cattle-raising,  not- 
withstanding the  fact  that  vegetation  is  for  the  most  part 
BOiinty.  Most  of  the  mountain-chains  may  be  regarded  as 
spurs"  stretching  irregularly  westward  across  high  and 
broken  plateaus  which  slope  W.  and  S.  from  the  Rocky 
Mountains;  but  there  are  many  isolated  and  precipitous 
»Me»a«  and  detached  mountain-groups.  In  the  mountains 
of  the  N.E.  there  are  forests  of  coniferous  trees,  cover- 
ing an  area  of  2700  square  miles.  Elsewhere  the  mes- 
quite,  Cottonwood,  various  species  of  cactus,  grease-wood, 
creasote-bush  or  stinkweed,  agave,  yucca,  and  the  so-called 
sage-bush  are  characteristic  plants.  Among  the  remarkable 
shrubs  and  trees  are  the  Fouquiera  aplendens,  the  palo  de 
hierro,  the  New  Mexican  locust,  the  green-bark,  or  palo 
verde,  the  Jerusalem  thorn,  a  peculiar  species  of  plane-tree, 
and  numerous  others  quite  unknown  on  the  Atlantic  slope. 
At  one  point  on  the  Little  Colorado  there  are  more  than 
1000  cords  of  silicified  wood  in  one  pile;  and  the  Triassic 
marls,  hero  1000  feet  deep,  are  filled  with  petrified  coniferous 
trees,  many  of  the  logs  being  60  feet  in  length. 

Geology  and  Minerals. — It  is  stated  that  the  various 
canons  of  Arizona  afford  sections  of  every  geological  forma- 
tion known  in  America,  and  present  unsurpassed  facilities 
for  the  study  of  the  earth's  crust  to  the  depth  of  some  25,000 
feet.  There  is  a  vast  amount  of  granitic  and  plutonic  rock 
in  the  mountain-ranges,  apparently  thrown  out  in  dikes 
and  lava-streams  of  almost  every  geological  age  excepting 
the  most  recent.  Immense  lava-beds  exist  in  the  N.,  IJut  at 
present  there  are  no  active  volcanoes.  The  great  wealth  of 
the  territory  consists  in  its  mineral  treasures.  Gold,  silver, 
lead,  copper,  iron,  sulphur,  coal,  cinnabar,  salt,  borax,  and 
other  valuable  mineral  substances  abound.  The  mining  and 
working  of  gold  and  silver  ores  are  thus  far  the  leading  indus- 
trial pursuits.  The  mines  were  wrought  for  many  years  by 
Mexican  and  Spanish  proprietors ;  but  the  scanty  water- 
supply  and  the  difficulties  of  transportation,  both  in  those 
days  and  more  recently,  very  greatly  interfered  with  the 
productiveness  of  many  of  tlie  mines.  The  lately  increased 
railroad  facilities  have,  however,  already  given  a  new 
impetus  to  the  development  of  the  vast  mineral  resources. 
The  value  of  the  gold  and  silver  product  in  1891  was 
$3,622,272,  and  of  copper,  $4,200,000. 

Climate. — On  account  of  the  scanty  rainfall,  there  is  a  gen- 
eral absence  of  those  catarrhal  diseases  which  result  from 
an  overplus  of  moisture  in  air  and  soil.  The  mountain- 
regions  have  a  delightfully  cool  climate.  Snow  is  nowhere 
perpetual,  and  is  rare  except  upon  mountain-peaks  in  win- 
ter. In  the  S.W.  the  summer  heat  is  excessive,  and  mala- 
rial fevers  are  not  unknown  upon  the  bottom-lands  of  the 
Lower  Colorado.  These  lowlands,  with  similar  tracts  along 
the  Gila  and  Salt  Rivers,  constitute  perhaps  the  best  agri- 
cultural sections  of  the  territory. 

The  country  is  by  nature  better  adapted  to  pastoral  than 
to  agricultural  pursuits,  and  the  raising  of  cattle  and 
sheep  has  been  stimulated  by  the  extension  of  agriculture 
in  California.  There  were  in  1891  over  700,000  cattle  and 
about  290,000  sheep  in  the  territory.  Much  attention  has 
been  devoted  lately  to  irrigation,  and  excellent  crops  of 
wheat,  barlej',  corn,  alfalfa,  fruits,  and  garden  vegetables 
are  raised.  "The  Pueblo  Indians  and  other  half  civilized 
tribes  have  been  for  an  unknown  period  successfully  en- 
gaged in  agriculture ;  and  the  remains  of  many  ancient 
aqueducts,  now  dry,  show  that  at  a  former  period  irriga- 
tion was  extensively  practised.  The  number  of  acres  capa- 
ble of  profitable  irrigation  is  officially  estimated  at  6,000,000 
or  more,  and  the  area  of  good  pasturage  is  given  at  55,000,000 
acres.  The  reports  forlS91  show  that  over  400,000  acres 
have  already  been  reclaimed  by  means  of  irrigating  canals. 

Hintory. — Spanish  missions  were  established  in  this  re- 
gion before  1600  (?),  and  long  before  the  advent  of  the  whites 
there  were,  as  at  present,  Indian  communities  which  had 
attained  a  respectable  degree  of  civilization.  Very  remark- 
able ruins  of  this  prehistoric  period  exist  in  the  territory. 
These  ancient  houses,  like  the  caaaa  grandet  of  some  of  the 
\  resent  half-civilized  tribes  of  Arizona  and  New  Mexico,  were 


simply  great  tenement-houses  of  several  stories,  each  con- 
taining in  some  instances  hundreds  and  even  thousands  of 
inhabitants.  These  great  structures  were  built  of  stone  or 
sun-dried  brick,  and  served  for  defence  against  hostile  tribes 
as  well  as  for  habitations.  Some  degree  of  communism  was 
probably  observed.  In  1848  all  this  region  N.  of  the  Gila 
was  ceded,  together  with  New  Mexico,  of  whicli  it  waa  then 
a  part,  to  the  United  States.  In  1853  the  Gadsden  Pur- 
chase, S.  of  the  Gila,  was  made  from  Mexico.  Of  this  the 
greater  part  now  belongs  to  Arizona.  The  region  was  long 
desolated  by  the  ravages  of  Indians,  and  was  the  abode  of 
many  outlawed  whites,  chiefly  Mexican.  In  1863  it  wa» 
organized  as  a  territory. 

Oountieii  and  Towns. — There  are  eleven  counties, — 
Apache,  Cochise,  Coconino,  Gila,  Graham,  Maricopa,  Mo- 
have, Pima,  I'inal,  Yavapai,  and  Yuma.  The  chief  towns 
are  Tucson,  Yuma  (opposite  Fort  Yuma,  Cal.,  on  the  Colo- 
rado), Prescott,  the  former  capital.  Phoenix,  which  became 
the  capital  Feb.  4,  1890,  Tombstone,  Florence,  and  Bisbee. 

Education,  dhc. — There  is  a  system  of  free  |)ublic  schools 
established  by  law,  the  governor,  secretary,  and  treasurer 
of  the  territory  being  a  board  of  education.  There  are  also 
county  superintendents  of  schools.  Some  Indian  reserva- 
tions have  special  mission-schools.  There  is  a  territorial 
normal  school  at  Tempe,  and  the  University  of  Arizona  at 
Tucson  was  opened  in  1891.  In  connection  with  the  agri- 
cultural department  of  this  institution  there  are  experi- 
mental stations  at  the  university,  at  Phoenix,  at  Tempe, 
and  near  Yuma.  The  commercial  facilities  of  Arizona  have 
been  greatly  increased  by  the  construction  of  the  Southern 
Pacific  and  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Railroads.  With  six 
local  roads,  these  lines  aggregate  1095  miles  of  track. 

Population. — Exclusive  of  untaxed  Indians,  the  popula- 
tion of  this  region  was  in  1860,  6482;  in  1870,  9658;  in 
1880,  40,440;  and  in  1890,  59,620.  The  figures  for  1890 
are,  however,  considered  low,  and  the  estimate  on  good 
authority  for  1891  was  placed  at  70,000.  There  are  some 
civilized  Indians  settled  in  villages,  and  the  uncivilized 
tribes  occupy  reservations  aggregating  6,603,191  acres.  Of 
these  wild  tribes,  the  Apaches  were,  for  a  long  time,  the 
terror  of  this  whole  region,  but  since  the  surrender  of  Geron- 
imo  in  1888  they  have  given  little  trouble. 

Arizona,  or  Newton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burt  eo.,  Neb., 
on  the  Missouri  River,  about  44  miles  N.  by  W.  from 
Omaha.  It  is  connected  by  ferry  with  Little  Siou.x,  Iowa 
(River  Sioux  Station).     It  has  a  church. 

Arizona  City,  Arizona,  the  former  name  of  Yuma. 

Arizo'nia,  a  post-village  of  Claiborne  parish.  La.,  about 
60  miles  E.N.E.  of  Shreveport.  It  has  2  churches,  a  cotton-- 
factory,  and  a  seminary.     Pop.  400. 

Arizii,  or  Aritzu,  S.-rit-soo',  or  Aritzo,  9,-rit-zo'.  a 
village  of  Sardinia,  40  miles  N.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  2102. 

Arja,  aii'ji,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  pashalic  of  Bag- 
dad, on  the  Eui)hratos,  92  miles  N.AV.  of  Bassorah. 

Arjeplog,  aii'y9-plog\  a  town  of  Swedish  Lapland,  on 
the  Horn-Afvan,  175  miles  N.N.E.  of  Umeil. 

Arjish,  aii'jeesh',  a  river  of  Roumania,  rises  in  the 
Carpathian  Mountains,  and  joins  the  Danube  42  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Bucharest.     Length,  150  miles. 

Arjish,  a  town  on  the  above  river,  90  miles  N.AV.  of 
Bucharest,  with  a  rich  convent,  many  churches,  and  a  for- 
tress.    Pop.  3000. 

Arjish,  or  Arjish-Dagh.    See  AnG^nus. 

Arjona,  au-iio'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  Andalusia,  15  miles 
N.W.  of  Jacn,  has  manufactures  of  pottery.     Pop.  4010. 

Arjonilla,  aR-no-neel'yS,,  a  market-town  of  Spain,  on 
a  railway,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Arjona.     Pop.  3600. 

Ark^abut'Ia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tate  co..  Miss.,  10  miles 
W.  of  Coldwater.     It  has  a  church. 

Arkadel'phia,  a  post-village  of  Blount  co.,  Ala.,  10 
miles  W.  of  Blount  Springs.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy, 
and  several  business  concerns. 

Arkadelphia,  a  city,  capital  of  Clark  co.,  Ark.,  on  the 
Ouachita  River,  65  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Little  Rock.  It 
has  2  banks,  7  churches,  a  Baptist  and  a  Methodist  college, 
a  high  school,  a  plough-factory,  salt-works,  and  3  news- 
paper offices.     Pop.  (1890)  2455. 

Arkadia,  Greece.     See  Arcadia;  also  Kyparissia. 

Ark'alon,  a  post-town  of  Seward  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Cimarron  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific 
Railway,  164  miles  S.W.  of  Hutchinson.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  state  bank,  a  sugar-factory,  graded  schools,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  about  350. 

Arkan'sas  {officially  pronounced  ar'kan-saw^),  a  large 
river  of  the  United  States,  is  an  affluent  of  the  Mississippi. 
It  rises  on  or  near  Mt.  Arkansas,  in  Colorado,  at  a  height 
of  nearly  10,000  feet,  about  lat.  39°  20'  N.  and  Ion.  106? 


ARK 


524 


ARK 


16'  W.  It  raiu  southward  and  southeastward  to  the  Poncho 
^us,  and  passes  through  a  doepoaiiun  4U  wiles  long  to  the 
«Mtem  side  of  the  Front  Range.  ATtor  it  has  reached  the 
town  of  Pueblo,  its  general  liireotion  is  eaxtward  for  about 
400  miles.  It  doticvndd  2408  foit  in  a  distiinco  of  2U6  miles, 
fW*m  the  mouth  of  the  ApiKhpa  Kivcr  tu  the  Puwnco.  It 
trarerses  the  great  treeless  arid  plains  of  Colorado  and 
Western  Kansas,  and  near  the  middle  of  the  latter  state 
changes  its  course  to  the  southeast.  Having  crosiKcd  the 
aouthorn  boundary  of  Kansas,  it  runssouthentitward  through 
the  Indian  Territory,  in  which  it  receives  large  aftluonts 
named  Cimarron  and  Canadian  Hi  vers  from  the  right, 
and  the  Neosho  River  from  the  left.  Pursuing  a  south- 
east course,  it  intersects  the  state  of  Arkansas,  which  it 
divides  into  nearly  equal  parts,  and  enters  the  Mississippi 
Itivor  at  Napoleon,  in  Desha  co.  It  is  not  obstructed  by 
(alls  or  rapids  ofter  it  descends  into  the  plains  of  Western 
Kansas.  The  length  of  this  river  is  about  2000  miles,  and 
the  area  of  the  basin  it  drains  is  189,000  miles.  Small 
Steamboats  can  ascend  it  about  650  miles  from  its  mouth, 
except  during  low  water.  The  difference  between  high  and 
low  water  is  about  25  feet  at  Fort  Smith,  and  more  at  places 
nearer  the  mouth. 

Arkansas,  a  S.  central  state  of  the  American  Union, 
bounded  N.  by  Missouri,  E.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  which 
■eparates  it  from  Tennessee  and  Mississippi,  S.  by  Louisiana 
and  Texas,  and  W.  by  Texas  and  the  Indian  Territory.  lu 
southern  limit  is  33°  N.  lat.,  and  its  northern  is  the  parallel 
gf  30°  30'.    Area,  63,850  square  miles. 

The  Face  of  the  Country  is  quite  varied.  The  Ozark 
Mountains,  a  broken  range  of  hills,  with  some  peaks  of 
considerable  height,  extend  in  a  S.W.  direction  from  Mis- 
gouri  as  far  as  the  Arkansas  River.  Outlying  members  of 
this  hill-system  are  the  Black  Hills  of  the  N.,  the  Ouachita 
Uills  of  the  S.,  and  the  Cane  Hills  of  the  N.W.  The 
Mississippi  river-bottoms  are  very  extensive  and  usually 
level,  witQ  many  marshes  and  bayous,  overflow  being  pre- 
vented by  an  extensive  and  costly  system  of  levees  and 
dikes.  Westward  from  this  the  land  rises  gently  till  the 
hill-country  is  reached.  In  the  S.  are  numerous  prairie- 
tracts,  while  other  regions  are  beautifully  diversified  with 
hills  and  valleys.  All  parts  of  the  state  are  finely  tim- 
bered. There  are  dense  pine  forests;  also  an  abundance 
of  oak,  hickory,  pecan,  walnut,  cbicot,  bois  d'arc,  cypress, 
cedar,  and  many  other  useful  trees.  The  lumber  product, 
which  in  1880  had  little  or  no  value,  amounted  in  1890  to 
nearly  $20,000,000.  Abundant  and  very  remarkable  remains 
of  a  prehistoric  period  exist  in  the  N.E.,  where  dikes,  roads, 
mounds,  and  relics  of  old  fortifications  have  been  traced. 

Mineral*. — Coal  is  known  to  exist  in  more  than  12  coun- 
ties, lying  on  both  sides  of  the  Arkansas  River.  The  coals 
are  of  a  semi -anthracite  character,  and  of  a  high  grade  of 
excellence,  but  are  not  extensively  wrought.  Lignite,  said 
to  be  of  good  quality,  exists  in  the  S.E.  tertiary.  The 
ipineral  wealth  of  Arkansas  is  great.  Besides  coal  there  is 
abundance  of  rich  argentiferous  galena,  and  excellent  ores 
«f  zinc  and  iron  are  known  to  exist  at  various  points.  The 
valuable  novaculite,  or  hone-stone,  is  largely  obtained. 
Grindstones,  marble,  burr  millstone,  slate,  copper  ore,  gran- 
ite, and  kaolin  are  among  the  plentiful  mineral  treasures  of 
Arkansas.  The  famous  Hot  Springs,  renowned  for  their 
eflScacy  in  a  wide  range  of  diseases,  are  in  Garland  co.,  and 
there  are  other  mineral  and  thermal  waters. 
•  Climate. — The  climate  of  the  marshy  and  flat  alluvial  dis- 
tricts is  hot,  and  people  not  acclimated  are  exposed  to  severe 
Cebrile  attacks.  But  the  remainder  of  the  state,  and  espe- 
cially the  hill-region,  has  a  very  pleasant  and  salubrious 
•limate.  Neither  the  severe  N.  winds  of  Texas  nor  the  long 
droughts  of  Kansas  are  experienced  here.  The  Ozark  region 
has  a  high  reputation  as  a  sanitary  retreat  for  persons  suf- 
fering from  pulmonary  disease. 

Countie*  and  Townt. — Arkansas  has  75  counties:  Ar- 
kansas, Ashley,  Baxter,  Benton,  Boone,  Bradley,  Calhoun, 
Carroll,  Chicot,  Clark,  Clay,  Cleburne,  Cleveland,  Columbia, 
Conway,  Craighead,  Crawford,  Crittenden,  Cross,  Dallas, 
Desha,  Drew,  Faulkner,  Franklin,  Fulton,  Garland,  Grant, 
Greene,  Hempstead,  Hot  Spring,  Howard,  Independence, 
Izard,  Jackson,  Jefforson,  Johnson,  La  Fayette,  Lawrence, 
Lee,  Lincoln,  Little  River,  Logan,  Lonoke,  Madison,  Marion, 
Miller,  Mississippi,  Monroe,  Montgomery,  Nevada,  Newton, 
Ouachita,  Perry,  Phillips,  Pike,  Poinsett,  Polk,  Pope,  Prairie, 
Pulaski,  Randolph,  St.  Francis,  Saline,  Scott,  Searcy,  Se- 
bastian, Sevier,  Sharp,  Stone,  Union,  Van  Buren,  Washing- 
ton. White,  Woodruff,  Yell. 

The  principal  towns  are  Little  Rock,  the  capital  (pop.  in 
1890,  25,874);  Fort  Smith  (pop.  11,311);  Pine  Bluff  (pop. 
M52) ;  Hot  Springs  (pop.  8086).     Other  places  of  conse- 


qaence  are  Helena,  Eureka  Springs,  Texarkana,  Fayette- 
Tille,  Camdeu,  and  Arkadelphia. 

Iitduttrial  J'urnuilt, — Agriculture  has  always  been  the 
leading  industrial  interest,  for  much  of  the  soil  is  of  uuKur- 
passcd  fertility.  Cotton  and  corn,  proiiuced  mainly  in  the 
southeastern  half  of  the  state,  are  the  most  im]>ortant  prod- 
ucts.  The  raising  of  live-stock  is  also  an  important  pur- 
suit. Manufacturing  has  not  been  until  lately  tried  upon  a 
noteworthy  scale.  At  present  there  are  some  manufactures 
of  cotton  and  woollen  goods,  leather,  lumber,  Ac;  and  for 
enterj)riscs  of  this  class  the  state  affords  excellent  facilities. 
Mining  operations  have  been  undertaken  at  a  few  j)oiiits. 
The  working  of  novaculite,  or  hone-stone,  is  already  an  iui- 
portant  pursuit.  The  commerce  of  the  state  is  much  facili- 
tated by  the  navigable  rivers.  These  are,  besides  the  Mis- 
sissippi,  the  Arkansas,  navigable  across  the  entire  state ;  the 
Ouachita,  navigable  two-thirds  of  the  year  to  Arkadel))liia; 
the  Red  River,  which  crosses  the  S.W.  angle  of  the  state; 
the  St.  Francis,  navigable  for  some  150  miles  in  high  stages 
of  the  water;  the  White  River,  navigable  to  Batesville,  100 
miles;  and  the  Black  River,  navigable  100  miles;  be^^ide8 
other  rivers  and  bayous  adapted  to  llat-boat  navigation. 

Railroads  connect  the  principal  towns  with  one  another 
and  with  the  commercial  centres  of  neighboring  states. 

Education. — The  constitution  of  1874  provides  for  the 
maintenance  of  an  effective  system  of  free  public  schools. 
The  secretary  of  state  is  su])erintendent  of  schools,  and  there 
are  also  county  superintendents.  There  is  a  State  Industrial 
University  at  Fayetteville,  with  a  normal  department  and  a 
training-school.  Other  schools  reported  are  St.  John's  Col- 
lege, Little  Rock;  Cane  Hill  College,  Boonsborough  ;  Judson 
University,  Prospect  Bluff;  and  St.  Andrew's  College,  Fort 
Smith,  i'he  state  maintains  a  school  for  the  blind  at  Little 
Rock,  and  a  deaf-mute  institute,  also  at  Little  Rock.  There 
are  many  private  schools  and  academies  in  the  state,  as  well 
as  a  system  of  Catholic  schools. 

The  Public  Debt. — In  1874  the  state  debt  amounted  to 
$12,108,247,  of  which  more  than  one  half  was  a  new  debt, 
incurred  for  the  benefit  of  railroads,  for  the  construction 
of  levees  along  the  banks  of  rivers,  and  for  other  internal 
improvements.  In  1875,  however,  the  state  government 
repudiated  this  new  debt,  on  the  ground  that  it  was  created 
by  alien  adventurers.  In  1880  the  net  state  debt  amounted 
to  $5,245,827,  and  in  1890  to  $5,168,025. 

History. — Arkansas  was  a  part  of  French  Louisiana,  which 
was  purchased  in  1803  by  the  United  States.  It  bei;auio 
a  portion  of  Missouri  Territory  in  1812,  and  was  set  off  and 
organized  as  Arkansas  Territory  in  1819.  The  state  was 
admitted  to  the  Union  in  1836 :  it  was  but  slowly  developed 
until  1850,  but  in  the  decade  following  its  population  was 
doubled.  A  state  convention  in  1861  passed  an  ordinance 
of  secession  (March  4),  and  before  a  long  time  Arkaniias 
became  the  scene  of  active  military  operations.  In  1804, 
the  state  being  held  under  Federal  military  sway,  an 
amended  constitution  was  adopted ;  but  the  military  rule 
was  not  relaxed  until  1868,  when  a  new  constitution  was 
adopted,  and  Arkansas  was  re-admitted  to  congressional 
representation.  The  recent  great  extension  of  railroads  in 
Arkansas  has  been  followed  by  a  large  immigration,  and 
there  is  reason  to  believe  that  the  great  natural  resources  of 
the  state  will  insure  a  full  measure  of  future  industrial 
prosperity. 

Population. — In  1810  this  region,  then  a  part  of  Louisiana, 
had  1062  inhabitants,  exclusive  of  Indians.  In  182i)  the 
population  was  14,255;  in  1830,  30,388;  in  1840,  97,574 
(with  its  present  limits);  in  1850,  209,897;  in  1860,4.'}5,4oO; 
in  1870,  484,471;  in  1880,  802,525;  in  1890,  1,128,179. 
Until  lately  its  principal  population  has  been  settled  near 
the  navigable  streams;  but  the  railroads,  of  which  there 
were  2213  miles  in  1891,  have  opened  up  for  settlement  large 
areas  of  valuable  land.  In  1890  there  were  816,517  wliitej 
and31l,227  colored  people ;  and  th  ere  was  a  very  considerable 
excess  in  the  number  of  males  as  compared  with  females. 

Arkansas,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Arkansas;  has 
an  area  of  about  1050  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  White  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Arkansas  River, 
which  is  navigable  by  steamboats,  and  is  intersected  by 
Metoe  Bayou.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Stuttgart  &,  Arkansas 
River  Railroad,  which  terminates  at  DeWitt.  The  surface 
is  mostly  level;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn 
are  the  staple  products.  Nearly  one-third  of  this  county 
is  occupied  by  Grand  Prairie.  Among  the  forest  trees  are 
the  ash,  hickory,  elm,  oak,  and  vellow  pine.  Capital,  Da 
Witf.     Pop.  in  1880,  8038;  in  1890,  11,432. 

Arkansas  City,  a  post-village,  one  of  the  capitals  of 
Desha  co.,  Ark.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  at  the  junction 
of  two  railroads,  74  miles  S.E.  of  Pine  Bluff.    It  has  2 


ARK 


525 


ARL 


churches,  a  newspaper  office,  manufactures  of  lumber,  and 
about  ;^00  hou.-'es. 

Arkansas  City,  a  post-village  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas, 
on  the  Arkansas  River,  at  the  junction  of  two  railroads, 
about  14  miles  S.  of  Winfield.  It  has  9  churches,  4  banks, 
4  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  chairs,  <fcc. 
Pop.  in  1880,  1012;  in  1890,  8:547. 

Arkansas  Post,  a  post-village  of  Arkansas  co.,  Ark., 
on  the  Arkansas  River,  about  SO  miles  S.E.  of  Little  Rock. 

Ar'ka>isavv%  a  post-village  of  Pepin  co..  Wis.,  in 
Waterville  township,  3  miles  \V.  of  Durand.  It  has  a 
church,  and  manufactures  of  furniture,  lumber,  <fcc. 

Ark'dale,  a  post- village  of  Adams  co.,  AVis.,  24  miles 
N.E.  of  New  Lisbon.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Arkeeko,  or  Arkiko,  ar-kee'ko,  written  also  Argee- 
go,  a  seaport  of  Abyssinia,  on  a  bay  of  the  Red  Sea,  opposite 
•  he  island  of  Massowah.     Lat.  15°  .35'  N. ;  Ion.  39°  25'  E. 

Ar'kell,  a  post-village  in  Wellington  co.,  Ontario,  6 
miles  from  Guelph.     Pop.  100. 

Arkhangelsk.    See  Auchaxgel  and  Archangelsk. 

Arkhouri,  a  village  of  Armenia.    See  Argooree. 

Ar^kinsk',  a  Cossack  settlement  in  Siberia,  about  30 
miles  W.  of  Okhotsk,  on  the  Okhota. 

Arklow,  ark'lo,  a  maritime  town  and  parish  of  Ireland, 
eo.  of  Wicklow,  on  the  Avoca,  39  miles  S.S.E.  of  Dublin. 
Pop.  5178. 

Ar'koe,  formerly  BridgeAvater,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Nodaway  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  railroad  between  St.  Joseph  and 
Maryville,  37  miles  N.  of  St.  Joseph.  It  has  2  churches 
and  1  grist-mill. 

Arko'na,  a  post-village  in  Lambton  co.,  Ontario,  7  miles 
S.  of  Widder.  It  contains  a  foundry,  and  several  mills  and 
factories.     Pop.  500. 

Arkona,  or  Arcona,  aR-ko'ni,  a  promontory  on  the 
N.  coast  of  the  island  of  RUgcn,  in  the  Baltic.  There  is 
Vere  a  fixed  light.     Lat.  54°  40'  9"  N. ;  Ion.  13°  20'  2"  E. 

Ark'port,  a  post-village  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Ilor- 
nellsville  township,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  5  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Ilornellsville.    It  has  a  church. 

Arkudi,  an  island  of  Greece.     See  ARcnum. 

Ark'ville,  or  Dean's  Cor'ners,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Ulster  &  Delaware  Railroad,  48 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Rondout.  It  has  8  houses  and  several 
mills.     The  station  is  called  Dean's  Corners. 

Arkwright,  ark'rite,  a  post-township  of  Chautauqua 
CO.,  N.Y.  It  contains  a  church  and  several  butter-  and 
cheese-l'actories.  Pop.  1151.  Arkwright  por^t-office  is  at  a 
hamlet  of  the  same  name  (formerly  called  Arkwright  Sum- 
mit), about  22  miles  N.  of  Jamestown. 

Arkwright,  a  village  of  Cranston  township,  Providence 
CO.,  and  Coventry  township,  Kent  co.,  R.I.,  on  the  Paw- 
tuxet  River  and  the  Pawtuxet  Valley  Railroad,  about  5 
miles  S.  of  Providence.  It  has  manufactures  of  cotton 
goods.     Pop.  242. 

Arkwright,  a  post-village  in  Bruce  co.,  Ontario,  22 
miles  from  Owen  Sound.     Pop.  150. 

Arlanc,  or  Arlant,  aR'lSx"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy- 
de-D6rae,  40  miles  S.E.  of  Clermont.     Pop.  4167. 

Ar'land,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Jackson  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  Grand  River  Valley  division  of  the  Michigan  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Jackson. 
_  Arlanza,  aR-ldn'thi,  a  river  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile, 
rising  in  the  Sierra  de  Ncila,  flows  W.,  and  joins  the  Ar- 
lanzon  after  a  course  of  60  miles. 

Arlanzon,  aR-!in-thon',  a  river  of  Spain,  in  Old  Cas- 
tile, rises  in  the  Sierra  Pineda,  and,  flowing  S.W.,  falls 
Into  the  Pisuerga,  after  a  course  of  70  miles. 

Arlar'ka,  a  township  of  Macon  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  542, 

Arlay,  aR'li',  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Jura, 
T  miles  N.  of  Lons-le-Saulnier.     Pop.  1477. 

Arlberg,  anl'bfiKG^  or  Adlersberg,  i'dlQrs-bSRG^ 
("eagle's  mount"),  a  branch  of  the  Rhaetian  Alps,  in  the 
W.  of  the  Tyrol  and  the  Vorarlberg. 

Aries,  arlz(Fr.  pron.  aRl;  ano.Ar'elas,  Arela'te,  or  Are- 
la!  turn),  a  city  of  France,  department  of  Bouehes-du- Rhone, 
on  the  left  bank  of  the  Rhone,  where  it  subdivides  to  form 
its  delta,  at  a  railway  junction,  15  miles  from  the  Mediter- 
ranean, and  44  miles  N.W.  of  Marseilles.  It  is  enclosed 
with  old  walls,  and  has  streets  tolerably  regular  and  spa- 
cious. Around  the  principal  square  is  a  series  of  public 
buildings,  viz.,  the  Hotel  de  Ville,  containing  a  public  library, 
the  museum,  and  a  Gothic  monastery,  and  in  the  centre  is 
an  ancient  obelisk.  The  celebrated  statue  of  the  "  Venus 
of  Aries"  was  discovered  in  the  theatre.  The  other  build- 
ings of  note  are  a  cathedral  of  the  seventh  century  and  the 
church  of  Notre-Dame.  Among  its  Roman  antiquities  is 
u  amphitheatre,  which  is  supposed  to  have  surpassed  that 


of  N£mes.  Aries  has  a  chamber  of  commerce,  an  agricul- 
tural society,  a  college,  a  school  of  hydrography,  and  good 
transportation  facilities  by  rail  and  canal.     Pop.  30,000. 

Arlesheim,  aR'l?s-hime^,  a  small  town  of  Switzerland, 
about  5  miles  S.  of  the  town  of  Basel.     Pop.  967. 

Arles-les-Bains.    See  Amelie-les-Bains. 

Arles-sur-Tech,  aRrsiiRHfish',  a  town  of  France, 
Pyrenees-Orientales,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Perpignan,  has  an 
ancient  church,  chocolate-works,  <fec.     Pop.  2542. 

Ar'lington,  a  post-village  of  Wilcox  co.,  Ala.,  49  milea 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Selma. 

Arlington,  a  post-village  of  Kiowa  co..  Col.,  63  miles 
by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Sheridan  Lake.  A  newspaper  is  pub- 
lished here.     Pop.  100. 

Arlington,  a  post-village  of  Calhoun  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Southwestern  Railroad,  36  miles  W.  of  Albany.  About 
5000  bates  of  cotton  are  annually  shipped  here.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  417. 

Arlington,  a  post-village  of  Bureau  co.,  III.,  in  West- 
field  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  <fc  Quincy  Rail- 
road, 93  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chicago.     It  has  3  churches. 

Arlington,  formerlyBurlington  or  Beech  Grove, 
a  post-village  of  Rush  co.,  Ind.,  in  Posey  township,  on  the 
Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Dayton  Railroad,  7  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Rushville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  several 
general  stores,  and  a  flour-mill.     Poj).  218. 

Arlington,  a  township  of  Woodbury  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  77. 

Arlington,  a  post-town  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas,  19  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Hutchinson.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a 
high  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  745. 

Arlington,  a  post-village  of  Carlisle  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  <fc  Chicago  Railroad,  20  miles  S.  by 
E.  of  Cairo,  111.  It  has  an  academy,  3  churches,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  several  dry-goods  stores.     Pop.  in  1890,  574. 

Arlington,  formerly  Ilookstown,  a  po^^t-village  of 
Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Western  Maryland  Railroad,  6 
miles  N.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  2  churches.  Here  is  the 
Mount  Hope  Retreat  for  the  Insane. 

Arlington,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Arlington  township,  on  the  Middlesex  Central  Railroad,  6 
miles  N.W.  of  Boston.  It  has  5  churches,  a  savings-bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  pianos,  picture- 
frames,  saws,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  5629. 

Arlington,  a  township.  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.    P.  1549. 

Arlington,  a  post-village  of  Sibley  co.,  Minn.,  66  miles 
by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Minneapolis.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank, 
a  public  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  600. 

Arlington,  a  post-village  of  Phelps  co.,  Mo.,  on  tho 
Gasconade  River  and  the  Atlantic  <fe  Pacific  Railroad,  12 
miles  W.  of  Rolla,  and  126  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Arlington,  a  post-town  of  Washington  co.,  Neb.,  9 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Fremont.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks, 
and  a  newspaper.     Pop.  in  1890,  412. 

Arlington,  a  post-village  of  Hudson  co.,  N.J.,  on  th« 
Montclair  k  Greenwood  Lake  Railroad,  8  miles  from  New 
York  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manu^ 
factures  of  hardware,  machinery,  <fec.     Pop.  1000. 

Arlington,  a  post-village  of  Madison  township,  Han- 
cock CO.,  0.,  about  10  miles  S.  of  Findlay,  and  80  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Columbus.    It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  about  500. 

Arlington,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Gilliam  co.,  Oregon, 
54  miles  by  rail  E.  of  The  Dalles.  It  has  2  churches,  2 
banks,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  (1890)  356. 

Arlington,  a  post-village  of  Kingsbury  co.,  S.D.,  1? 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Brookings.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour- 
mill,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  500. 

Arlington,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn.,  25  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Memphis.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  graded 
school.     Pop.  in  1890,  343. 

Arlington,  a  post-village  of  Tarrant  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Texas  k  Pacific  Railroad,  19  miles  W.  of  Dallas.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  seminary,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  (1890)  664. 

Arlington,  a  post- village  of  Bennington  co.,  Vt.,  on  the 
Batten  Kill  River  and  the  Harlem  Extension  Railroad,  16 
miles  N.  of  Bennington.  It  has  a  church  and  several  facto- 
ries. The  township  has  4  churches.  Pop.  of  township, 
1636.  It  has  5  circular-saw-mills,  and  manufactures  of 
chairs,  sash,  blinds,  Ac. 

Arlington,  a  post-village  of  Alexandria  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Washington  A  Ohio  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Alexan- 
dria, and  3  miles  from  Washington,  D.C.  It  has  3  churches. 
Near  here  are  two  national  cemeteries,  containing  the 
graves  of  nearly  16,000  soldiers. 

Arlington,  a  post-township  of  Columbia  co..  Wis.,  and 
a  station  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Madison  with  Por- 
tage, 17  miles  S.  of  Portage.  It  has  3  churches.  Arlington 
Post- Office  is  about  18  miles  N.  of  Madison.     Pop.  828. 


ARL 


526 


ARM 


Arlington  Heights  (formerly  Dunton),  a  post-vil- 
lage of  Oook  00.,  III.,  in  Wbooling  township,  on  the  Chicago 
A  Northweiteni  Railroad,  22  luilos  N.W.  of  Chicago.  It 
haa  3  hoteU,  3  ohurchea,  a  graded  school,  a  foundry,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  nevsnaper  office.     Pop.  150U. 

Arlington  Heights,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co., 
Man.,  in  Arlington  township,  on  the  Middlesex  Central 
Railroad,  8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Doston.  It  is  situated  on  a 
hill  which  ooniuiands  a  fine  view.  It  has  a  church,  a  fine 
hotel  for  summer  boarders,  and  manufactures  of  fancy  wood- 
work, fur  goods,  and  wine-prcMses. 

Arlon,  aaMAji"',  or  Arel,  i'rCl'  (ano.  Orolan'num),  a 
town  of  Delgium,  capital  of  Belgian  Luxembourg,  on  a  rail- 
way, 16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Luxemburg.  Pop.  6708.  It  has 
an  academy,  atheniBum,  foundries,  manufactures  of  wool, 
and  an  extensive  trade  in  grain. 

Arliiiio,  aR-loo'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Milan, 
12  miles  S.E.  of  (lallarate.     Pop.  30U. 

Anna,  aR'ni&,  or  Santiago  de  Arma,  8&n-te-&'go 
di  aii'mi,  a  town  of  the  United  States  of  Colombia,  220 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Popayan,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Cauca. 

Armacfto,  aR-mi-sSwif',  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  the  island 
of  SanU  Catharina.     Lat.  27°  30'  S. ;  Ion.  48°  40'  W. 

Armada,  ar-mu'd%,  a  post-village  of  Macorab  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Michigan  Air  Line  Railroad,  29  miles  S.W. 
of  Port  Huron,  and  about  30  miles  (direct)  N.  of  Detroit. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  union  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
manufactures  of  cheese,  flour,  and  stavcH.     Pop.  700. 

Ar^madale',  a  post-village  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Toledo  &,  Ohio  Central  Railroad. 

Ar^madale',  a  village  of  Scotland,  in  Linlithgowshire, 
2  miles  W.  of  Linlithgow,     Pop.  2708. 

Armagh,  ar^m&',  a  county  of  Ireland,  in  Ulster.  Area, 
612  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1881, 163,177 ;  in  1891, 143,056. 
Surface  mountainous  in  the  S.W.  Chief  rivers,  the  Callan, 
Blackwater,  Bann,  and  Newrywater.  It  returns  2  members 
to  the  House  of  Commons.     Capital,  Armagh. 

Armagh  {Ard-magha,  "the  lolly  tielj"),  a  city  and 
borough  of  Ireland,  capital  of  the  above  county,  and  the 
scat  of  Anglican  and  Catholic  archbishops  (each  entitled 
"  Primate  of  all  Ireland"),  70  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Dublin. 
It  is  connected  by  railway  with  Belfast,  is  well  built,  chiefly 
of  hard,  red  marble;  the  streets  diverge  from  the  cathedral 
down  the  sides  of  a  hill,  and  are  clean,  lighted  with  gas, 
anil  well  supplied  with  water.  It  has  2  catiiedrals,  a  num- 
ber of  churches  of  different  denominations,  a  county  court- 
house, prison,  county  infirmary,  lunatic  asylum,  bank,  a 
public  lilirary  with  about  15,000  volumes,  and  an  observa- 
tory.    Pop.  in  1 88 1,  10,070;  in  1891,  8303. 

Armagh,  ar'mah,  a  post-village  of  Indiana  co..  Pa., 
about  5G  miles  E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2  churches  and  an 
iron-foundry.    It  is  3  miles  from  Nineveh  Station.    Pop.  177. 

Armagh,  a  township  of  Mifflin  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1873. 
It  contains  Milroy. 

Armagh,  or  Saint-Cajetan,  s&^°'ki.'zhQhH&^-<>',  a 
post-village  in  Bellechasse  co.,  Quebec,  24  miles  S.E.  of  St. 
Valier.     It  has  a  large  lumber  trade.     Pop.  300. 

Armagnac,  an^min'yik',  a  small  territory  of  France, 
in  the  old  province  of  Gascony,  now  in  the  departments  of 
Qers,  Hautes-Pyrcnees,  and  Tarn-et-Garonne. 

Arman^on,  au'm&No'sdN"',  a  river  of  France,  rises  in 
the  C6te  d'Or,  and  falls  into  the  Yonne  5  miles  above  Joigny. 

Armand,  aiOmfiji"',  or  Saint-Honor6,  siNt'o'no'ui,', 
a  post-village  in  Temiscouata  co.,  Quebec,  26  miles  from 
Rivi5re  du  Loup  en  ban.     Pop.  100. 

Armar,  a  town  of  India.     See  Uumuk. 

Armenia,  ar-mee'ne-a  (Turk.  Erminee'yeh  ;  Russ.  Ar- 
menia ;  the  Mintii  of  the  Scriptures),  a  country  of  West- 
ern Asia,  not  now  politically  existing,  but  of  great  historical 
interest.  It  varied  in  extent  at  difl'ercnt  epochs,  but  it  may 
be  regarded  as  lying  between  lat.  36°  60'  and  41°  40'  N., 
and  Ion.  36°  20'  and  48°  40'  E.  It  was  known  as  Armenia 
Major  and  Armenia  Minor,  or  the  Greater  and  the  Less 
Armenia.  ArmeniaMajor,  commencing  at  Someisat,  stretches 
along  the  Euphrates,  which  bounds  it  on  the  W.,  till  near 
Erzengan,  a  few  miles  to  the  S.  of  which  it  leaves  the  river 
and  keeps  the  direction  of  Trebizond  as  far  as  the  mountains 
S.  of  Goomish-Khaneh.  It  proceeds  N.E.  along  this  range, 
then  skirts  the  N.  extremity  of  the  district  of  Kars,  and, 
passing  onward  to  near  Tiflis,  runs  along  the  right  bank  of 
the  Koor,  whose  course  it  follows  to  the  Caspian,  which  now 
becomes  the  boundary  on  the  E.  Leaving  the  Caspian,  it 
turns  S.W.  in  the  direction  of  Tabreez,  and  passes  through 
the  districts  of  Van  and  Diarbekir,  on  the  frontiers  of  which 
it  again  meets  the  Euyihrates  at  Someisat.  Armenia  Minor 
lies  along  the  range  of  the  Kof-Tagh,  which  runs  W.  almost 
parallel  to  the  Black  Sea,  and  forma  its  N.  boundary  as  far 


as  a  noint  on  the  river  Halys,  or  Kizil-Irmak,  not  far  from 
the  Black  Sea.  Armenia  Minor  follows  the  course  of  tliii 
liver  for  about  180  miles,  and,  continuing  S.W.,  meets  the 
Taurus,  which  becomes  its  boundary  almost  to  the  sea  near 
Alas,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Bay  of  Iskanderoon.  From 
this  ]>oint  it  sweeps  round  tlie  S.  side  of  the  districts  of 
Adana  and  Marash,  and  meets  the  Euphrates,  which  thus 
intersects  Anncnia  iilmost  centrally,  and  forms  the  natural 
boundaries  between  the  two  divisions  now  described.  Ar- 
menia is  now  divided  between  Russia,  Persia,  and  Turkey. 

According  to  the  native  hiistorians,  Aram,  the  seventh 
king  of  the  first  dynasty,  about  1800  d.c.  gave  a  fettled 
character  to  the  kingdom.  The  Armenians  call  themcelves 
Ilaiks  or  Ilaikans,  and  trace  their  origin  to  Ilaico,  a  con- 
temporary of  the  Assyrian  king  Bel  us.  Of  the  citirji  of 
ancient  Armenia,  some  ruins  display  a  good  style  of  archi- 
tecture.  The  chief  towns  are  Erivan,  Erzroom,  Nakhchivan, 
Van,  and  Akhalzikh.  Of  ancient  capitals,  the  inoct  impor- 
tant was  Artaxata.  The  greater  i)art  of  the  surface  con.-ti- 
tutes  an  elevated  table-land.  Mount  Ararat,  near  the  centre, 
rises  to  an  elevation  of  17,260  feet.  It  is  watered  by  the 
rivers  Koor,  Aras,  Choruk,  and  the  two  beads  of  the  l';u- 
phratcs,  and  contains  the  sources  of  the  Tigris,  and  the  three 
lakes  of  Van,  Ooroomeeyah,  and  Gookeka.  The  cliniiite  in 
the  higher  regions  is  very  cold,  while  the  valleys  in  summer 
are  scorched  with  heat.  Soil  various;  it  has  fertile  corn- 
lands  and  pastures,  and  its  valleys  produce  excellent  cotton, 
rice,  tobacco,  grapes,  and  other  fruits.  Copper-,  lead-,  alum-, 
and  some  silver-mines  are  wrought.  The  manufactures  are 
unimportant.  The  native  Armenians,  cstiniiitcd  at  one- 
seventh  of  the  whole  population,  are  distinguished  for 
enterprise  in  commercial  and  banking  transactions.  They 
preserve  their  own  language,  which  is  regarded  as  Indo 
European  in  its  relationship.  The  Armenian  Christians 
mostly  belong  to  an  ecclesiiistical  establishment  of  their 
own,  similar  in  many  respects  to  the  Greek  Church;  al- 
though many  have  adhered  to  the  Roman  Catholic  Church 
ever  since  the  fifteenth  century,  but  these  retain  their  own 
rite. Adj.  and  inhab.  Armenian,  ar-mee'ne-^n. 

Armc'nia,  a  township  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  391. 

Armenia,  a  post-township  of  Juneau  co..  Wis..  14 
miles  S.E.  of  Remington,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Wis- 
consin River.     Pop.  236. 

Armenierstadt.    See  Szahos-Ujvar. 

Armeuo,  an-mi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  29  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Novara.     Pop.  1797. 

Arment,  ar'ment',  Er^ment',  or  Her'mont'  (ano. 
Ilermon'thig),  a  village  of  Upper  Egypt,  on  the  Nile,  about 
8  miles  S.W.  of  Thebes. 

Armentieres,  aR'm6N<>He-aiR',  a  town  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Nord,  on  the  Lys,  and  on  the  raihvny  from 
Calais  to  Paris,  9  miles  N.AV.  of  Lille.  Pop.  15,679,  cm- 
ployed  in  manufactures  of  cotton,  linen,  lace,  thread,  leather, 
soap,  iron,  oil,  brick,  and  sail-cloth.  It  has  an  active  trade 
in  cotton  goods  and  agricultural  produce. 

Armcflto,  aR-m£n'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  27 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  2960. 

Ar^mian.s'koi-Bazar,  or  Bazar  of  the  Arme« 
nians,  a  Large  village  in  the  S.  of  Russia,  government  ol 
Taurida,  81  miles  S.E.  by  E.  of  Kherson. 

Ar'midalc,  a  town  of  Australia,  in  New  South  Wales, 
313  miles  N.  of  Sydney.  It  has  a  newspaper,  and  is  the  see 
of  a  Catholic  bishop. 

Armiesburg,  ar'mlz-burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Parke  co., 
Ind.,  on  Big  Raccoon  Creek,  24  miles  N.  of  Terre  Haute, 
and  li  miles  from  Montezuma  Station.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Ar'mington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tazewell  co..  111.,  on  the 
Illinois  Midland  Railroad,  34  miles  S.E.  of  Peoria,  and  24 
miles  S.E.  of  Pekin.     It  has  a  church. 

Armonisch,  ar-mo'nish,  or  Armenis,  ar'men'ish,  a 
village  of  Croatia  (Austro-Hungary),  in  the  Banato-Kou- 
manian  frontier  district.     Pop.  2002. 

Ar'monk,  a  post-village  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
North  Castle  township,  about  36  miles  N.N.E.  of  New  York 
city.     It  has  2  churches. 

Armoree,  or  Armort,  ar-mo-ree',  a  town  of  India, 
district  of  Chanda,  80  miles  S.E.  of  Nagpoor.     Pop.  5('i72. 

Ar'mory  Village,  Mass.,  is  now  a  part  of  the  village 

of  MlI.LBI'RY. 

Ar'mour,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbus  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Carolina  Central  Railroad,  20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Wilmington. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Armour,  a  post-town  of  Douglas  co.,  S.D.,  63  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Yankton.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  and 
3  newspaper  oflices.     Pop.  in  1890,  482. 

Arm'strong,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Penn- 
sylvania, has  an  area  of  about  616  square  miles.    It  is  in- 


ARM 


527 


ARN 


tersected  by  the  Alleghany  River,  and  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  Ilcd  Bank  Creek  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Kiskiniinetas 
River.  It  is  also  drained  by  the  Buffalo,  Cowanshannoc, 
Crooked,  and  Mahoning  Creeks.  The  surface  is  hilly  or 
undulating,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests;  the  soil  is 
mostly  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  and 
butter  are  the  staple  products.  The  chief  mineral  resources 
are  jictroleum,  coal,  iron,  and  limestone.  The  county  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad.  Capital,  Kit- 
tanning.  Pop.  in  1870,  43,382;  in  1880,  47,641;  in  1890, 
46,747. 

Armstrong,  a  post-village  of  Vermilion  co..  111.,  15 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Alvin.    It  has  a  church.    Pop.  alsout  200. 

Armstrong,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vanderburg  co.,  Ind.,  9 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Evansville. 

Armstrong,  a  former  village  of  Wyandotte  co.,  Kansas, 
on  the  Kansas  River,  now  included  in  Kansas  City.  Here 
are  some  machine-shops  of  the  railroad. 

Armstrong,  a  post-village  of  Freeborn  co.,  Minn.,  24 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Austin. 

Armstrong,  a  station  in  Hennepin  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
St.  Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad,  33  miles  W.  of  Minneapolis, 

Armstrong,  a  post-town  of  Howard  co.,  Mo.,  46  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Mexico.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  300. 

Armstrong,  a  post-hamlet  of  Emmons  co.,  N.D.,  about 
10  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Williamsport. 

Armstrong,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allen  co.,  0.,  10  miles 
from  Lima.     It  has  a  store  and  a  grist-mill. 

Armstrong,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Armstrong,  a  township  of  Indiana  oo..  Pa.  Pop.  1435. 
It  contains  Shelocta. 

Armstrong,  a  township  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
1424.     It  affords  beautiful  jet-black  marble. 

Armstrong,  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.  See  Armstrong 
Coal  Works. 

Armstrong,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erath  oo.,  Tex.,  80  miles 
N.W.  of  Waco.     It  has  a  church. 

Armstrong,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fond  du  Lac  co.,  \\*is., 
about  15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Fond  du  Lac.     It  has  a  church. 

Armstrong  Coal  Works,  a  village  of  Westmoreland 
00.,  Pa.,  in  Sewickley  township,  on  the  Pittsburg  division 
of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  at  Armstrong  Station, 
26  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg.  Here  is  a  coal-mine,  in  which 
about  180  men  are  employed. 

Armstrong's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Belmont  co.,  0., 
on  Captina  Creek  and  the  Bellaire  &  Southwestern  Railroad, 
about  15  miles  S.W.  of  Bellaire.  It  has  a  church,  a  woollen- 
factory,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Armuchce,  ar-muk'e,  a  post-office  of  Floyd  co.,  Qa., 
10  miles  N.  of  Rome. 

Armuijen,  a  town  of  Netherlands.    See  Arnemuyden. 

Armyros,  aR-mee'ros,  a  town  of  Northern  Greece,  in 
Thessaly,  3  miles  N.W.  of  the  Gulf  of  Volo. 

Armyros,  a  village  of  Albania,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Arta, 
on  the  E.  side  of  the  Gulf  of  Arta. 

Am,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bay  co.,  Mich.,  in  Merritt  town- 
ship, on  the  Detroit  &  Bay  City  Railroad,  10  miles  S.E.  of 
Bay  City. 

Ar'na,  or  Ar'ni,  a  village  of  the  Grecian  Archipelago, 
on  the  N.AV.  shore  of  the  island  of  Andros.     Pop.  1000. 

Arna,  ar'ni,  a  town  of  Africa,  at  the  W.  limit  of  the 
Libyan  desert,  on  the  Kookoo,  420  miles  N.E.  of  Lake  Chad. 

Arnac-l'ompadour,  an'n8,k'p6M^p.VdooR',  a  village 
of  France,  in  Correze,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Brives.    Pop.  1400. 

Arnal'la,  or  Arnell',  an  island  of  India,  on  the  coast 
of  Concan,  35  miles  N.  of  Bombay.  It  is  divided  from  the 
mainland  by  a  narrow  navigable  strait. 

Arnaoodlik,  Arnaootieek,  or  Arnaoutlik.  See 
Albania. 

Arnara,  ar-nS,'ri,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Rome, 
6  miles  N  W.  of  Frosinone.     Pop.  2019. 

Arnau,  aR'now,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  the  Elbe,  and 
on  a  railway,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Gitschin.     Pop.  2258. 

Arnandville,  ar'no'vll,  a  post-village  of  St.  Landry 
parish,  La.,  on  the  Bayou  Teche,  80  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mor- 
gan City.     It  has  a  church. 

Arnay-le-Duc,  aR'nd,'l?h-dlik,  a  town  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Cote  d'Or,  29  miles  S.W.  of  Dijon.     Pop.  2567. 

Arneburg,  aR'n?h-booRG\atown  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
45  miles  N.N.E.  of  Magdeburg,  on  the  Elbe.     Pop.  2042. 

Ar'neckeville,  a  post-hamlet  of  De  Witt  co.,  Tex., 
about  5  miles  S.  of  Cuero.     It  has  a  church. 

Arnedo,  aR-n4'Do,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  29 
miles  S.E.  of  Logroiio.  Pop.  3435.  It  haa  a  considerable 
trade  in  fruit  and  wine. 


Arnee,  or  Arni,  ar'nee,  a  town  of  British  India,  presi- 
dency and  22  miles  N.W.  of  Madras. 

Arnec,  or  Arni,  a  town  of  British  India,  presidency 
and  74  miles  S.W.  of  Madras. 

Arnemuyden,  aR-n^h-moi'd^n,  almost  aR-n^h-ml'd^n, 
or  Armuyen,  aR-moi'^n,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
island  of  Walcheren,  2  miles  from  Middelburg.    Pop.  1697. 

Ar'nettsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monongalia  co.,W.  Va., 
8  miles  from  Fairmont. 

Ar'ney,  a  post-hamlet  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.,  about  35  miles 
S.E.  of  Terre  Haute. 

Ar'neytown,  a  village  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  about 
14  miles  S.E.  of  Trenton. 

Arn'heim,  a  post-village  of  Brown  co.,  0.,  15  miles  N. 
of  Ripley,  and  about  44  miles  E.  by  S.  from  Cincinnati.  It 
has  3  churches.     Pop.  117. 

Arn'hem,  written  also  Arnheim,  arn'hlmc,  a  forti- 
fied town  of  the  Netherlands,  capital  of  Gelderland,  on  the 
Rhine,  here  crossed  by  a  bridge  of  boats,  50  miles  S.E.  of 
Amsterdam,  with  which,  and  with  Utrecht,  it  is  connected 
by  railway.  Pop.  46,233.  It  is  an  ancient  town,  is  well 
built,  surrounded  by  country  houses  and  gardens,  and  has 
a  governor's  palace,  3  Protestant  and  2  Catholic  churches,  4 
hospitals,  2  orphanages,  a  grammar-school,  learned  societies, 
courts  of  assize  and  commerce,  manufactures  of  woollen, 
cotton,  paper,  and  tobaeco,  a  good  port  on  the  river,  and  an 
active  trade.  In  1586,  Sir  Philip  Sydney  died  at  Arnhcm, 
from  a  wound  received  in  the  battle  of  Zutphen.  In  1795 
the  town  was  taken  by  the  French,  who  were  driven  out  by 
the  Prussians  in  November,  1813. 

Arn'hem  Bay,  Australia,  is  a  deep  inlet  on  the  N.E. 
coast  of  Arnhem's  Land,  near  lat.  12°  S.  and  Ion.  136°  E. 

Arnhem's  Land,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Australia:  the 
region  between  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria  and  Anson  Bay. 

Amis,  an'nis,  an  island  and  fishing-village  of  Prussia, 
on  the  Sley,  2  miles  S.  of  Cappeln.     Pop.  1050. 

Ar'no  (anc.  Ar'nus),  a  river  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  rises 
in  Monte  Falterona  (Apennines),  at  an  elevation  of  4430 
feet  above  the  sea,  25  miles  N.  of  Arezzo,  flows  at  first  S.E. 
and  then  N.W.,  almost  describing  a  circle,  until  it  receives 
the  Sieve,  10  miles  E.  of  Florence;  after  which  its  course  is 
W.  to  the  Mediterranean,  which  it  enters  by  an  artificial 
mouth,  7  miles  below  Pisa.  Distance  from  source  to  mouth, 
75  miles.  Chief  affluents,  the  Sieve,  Chiana,  Pesa,  Elsa,  and 
Era.  Its  valley  is  one  of  the  richest  and  most  beautiful 
tracts  in  Italy.  Florence,  Figline,  Empoli,  and  Pisa  are 
situated  on  or  near  the  banks  of  the  Arno,  which  is  navi- 
gable from  the  sea  to  Florence. 

Ar'no,  a  post-hamlet  of  Douglas  co..  Mo.,  about  40  miles 
S.E.  of  Springfield,  and  10  miles  S.W.  of  Ava. 

Ar'nold,  a  village  and  parish  of  England,  co.  and  4 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Nottingham.     Pop.  4634. 

Ar'nold,  a  post-hamlet  of  Milton  co.,  Ga.,  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Alpharetta. 

Arnold,  a  postrhamlet  of  Morgan  co..  III.,  67  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Decatur,  and  29  miles  W.  of  Springfield. 

Arnold,  or  Ging's  Station,  ahamletof  Union  town- 
ship. Rush  CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  railroad  from  Cambridge  to 
Columbus,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Rushville,     Post-office,  Gings, 

Arnold,  a  station  in  Clay  co..  Mo.,  on  a  railroad,  7 
miles  N.E.  of  Kansas  City. 

Arnold,  a  post-village  of  Custer  co.,  Neb.,  about  35 
miles  W.  of  Broken  Bow,  and  18  miles  N.W.  of  Callaway. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  150. 

Ar'nold's,  a  station  in  Middlesex  co..  Conn.,  on  the 
Connecticut  Valley  Railroad,  and  on  the  Connecticut  River, 
about  4  miles  S.E.  of  Haddam. 

Ar'noldsbnrg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calhoun  co.,  W.  Va., 
10  miles  S.  of  Grantsville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Arnold's  Creek,  of  Indiana,  flows  into  the  Ohio  2 
miles  below  Rising  Sun. 

Arnold sdorf,  aR'nolts-doRf\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Silesia,  S.E.  of  Neisse,  with  paper-mills.     Pop.  1417. 

Arnold's  Alills,  a  hamlet  of  Cumberland  township. 
Providence  co.,  R.I.     Pop.  35. 

Arnold's  Park,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  19  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Ar'noldton,  a  small  manufacturing  village  of  Esopua 
township,  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Rondout  Creek. 

Amon,  aR'^n^N"',  a  river  of  France,  falls  into  the  Cher 
after  a  N.  course  cf  84  miles. 

Ar'not,  a  post- village  of  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  in  Bloss  town- 
ship, on  a  branch  of  the  Tioga  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  by  S. 
of  Blossburg,  and  34  miles  N.  of  Williamsport.  It  has  4 
churches  and  extensive  manufactures  of  lumber.  Here  are 
rich  mines  of  semi-bituminous  coal. 


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528 


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Am^pri'ory  a  post-villare  in  Renfrew  oo.,  Ontario,  on 
th«  Madawaska  Rivor,  near  lu  confluence  with  the  OtUwa, 
&8  bUm  by  rail  W.  of  OtUwa.  It  contains  several  grist-, 
■aw-,  and  woollen-uills,  a  prinling-office,  a  branch  bank, 
and  has  a  large  lumber  trade.  There  are  uiarble-quarries 
and  iron-mines  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  (1891)  3341. 

Arnsberg,  annv'bARG,  ur  Arensbcrg,  &'r9ns-bARo\  a 
eity  of  PruMia,  at  uno  time  cjipitul  of  Weutpbalia,  is  situ- 
ated on  the  spur  of  a  hill  hnlf  uncirclod  by  the  Ruhr,  on  a 
railway,  44  miles  b.S.K.  of  MUnstor.  It  is  divided  into  the 
old  and  new  town,  and  has  several  churches,  a  normal  and 
an  agricultural  school,  and  a  gymnasium.  In  the  Middle 
Ages,  Arnsborg  was  one  of  the  principal  seats  of  the  Vebmio 
court.     Pop.  5123. 

Arna'berg,  a  post-hamlot  of  Cape  Girardeau  oo..  Mo., 
80  luilus  from  Marquand.     It  has  a  church. 

Arnsdorf,  anns'doRf,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia,  cir- 
cle of  Ilirschberg,  with  a  castle  and  paper-mills.    Pop.  1512. 

Arusdorf  is  the  name  of  35  small  villages  in  Germany 
and  Austria. 

Arnstadt)  aRn'st&tt,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Schwarz- 
burg-Sondershausen,  on  the  Gera,  and  on  a  railway,  10  miles 
S.  of  Erfurt.  Pop,  9243,  with  manufactures  of  iron,  paper, 
hardware,  <to.   It  has  a  castle  of  the  Prince  of  Schwarzburg. 

Arnsteiii)  ann'stino,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Werrn, 
11  miles  jST.  of  Wurzburg.     Pop.  1597. 

Aruswalde,  anns'^&l-d^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Bran- 
denburg, on  the  Stettin  &  Poscn  Railway,  20  miles  S.E.  of 
Stargard,  manufactures  hats,  cloth,  and  spirits.   Pop.  6521. 

Arnus,  the  Latin  for  the  river  Akmo. 

ArO)  i'ro,  or  Alio,  i'no,  a  large  town  of  West  Africa, 
equidistant  from  the  river  Niger  on  the  W.,  the  Old  Calabar 
on  the  E.,  and  the  Bight  of  Biafra  on  tho.S. 

Aroa,  &-ro'&,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  on  the  Aroa,  30  miles 
from  the  Gulf  of  Triste,  and  70  miles  by  rail  from  Tacdcas 
(or  Tucdcas),  has  copper-mines.  The  Aroa  River  rises  in 
the  sierra,  about  50  miles  S.S.W.  of  the  town,  and,  after  a 
course  of  80  miles,  falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Triste. 

Arobo,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Arkbo. 

Aruche,  4-ro'chi  (anc.  Arac'ci  Ve'taa),  a  town  of  Spain, 
in  Andalusia,  44  miles  N.  of  liuelva.     Pop.  3123. 

Arok^SzallaS)  &'rok^E9.r4sh',  a  village  of  Hungary, 
44  miles  E.N.E.  of  Pesth,  and  an  entrepot  for  the  trade  be- 
tween that  city  and  Upper  Hungary.     Pop.  9625. 

Arolscii)  i'rol-s^n,  a  town  of  West  Germany,  capital  of 
AValdeck,  on  the  Aar,  21  miles  N.N.W.  of  Casscl.  Pop. 
2460.     It  has  manufactories  of  woollen  cloth  and  of  leather. 

Aroma,  ar-o'ma,  a  post-village  of  Kankakee  co..  III.,  in 
Aroma  township,  and  on  the  Kankakee  River,  about  60 
miles  S.  by  W.  from  Chicago.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1100. 

Aroma,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  Ind.,  36  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Indianapolis.     It  has  a  church. 

Aroma,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas,  on 
Lyon's  Creek,  about  27  miles  S.S.W.  of  Junction  City.  It 
has  a  church. 

Aromatum  Fromontorium.  See  Cape  Gdardafui. 
.  Aron,  i'rixo',  a  river  of  France,  department  of  Ni^vre, 
joins  the  Loire  near  Dccize.     Length,  25  miles. 

Aron,  <»  village  of  France,  3  miles  E.  of  Mayenne,  on  an 
affluent  of  the  Mayenne.     It  has  iron-works.     Pop.  1652. 

Arona,  il-ro'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  23  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Novara,  on  the  S.W.  shore  of  Lago  Maggioro. 
Pop.  3153.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  a  high  school,  several 
churches,  a  port  and  a  dockyard  on  the  lake,  and  is  con- 
nected with  Milan  by  railway.  On  a  hill  in  its  vicinity  is 
a  eolossal  statue  of  St.  Charles  Borromco. 

Arona,  i!L-ro'n&,  a  town  in  the  island  of  TenerifiTe,  Ca- 
naries, situated  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Escalona. 

Aroo,  Arroo,  or  Arru  (ar'roo')  Islands,  a  group  N. 
of  Australia,  lying  between  lat.  5°  20'  and  6°  55'  S.  and 
Ion.  134°  10'  and  134°  45'  E.,  80  miles  S.W.  of  Papua,  the 
largest  being  80  miles  long  and  45  miles  broad.  They  are 
separated  by  narrow  straits.  To  the  E.  of  the  group  is  an 
extensive  coral  reef,  where  pearls  and  trepang  abound.  The 
inhabitants  are  a  mixture  of  the  Malay  and  Polynesian 
negro  races,  and  some  have  adopted  Christianity.  The 
products  comprise  pearl,  mother-of-pearl,  tortoise-shell,  birds 
of  paradise,  and  trepang,  which  are  exchanged  for  calicoes, 
iron,  hardware,  arms,  and  gunpowder.  Dobbo,  a  town  on 
the  island  of  Wamma,  inhabited  by  some  Dutch  and  Chinese 
merchants,  ia  the  greatest  mart  in  the  N.  of  Australasia. 
Pop.  of  the  group  estimated  at  60,000. 

Arooan,  a  town  of  Sahara.     See  Arawax. 

Arooat,  Arouat,  Arnat.    See  Lagbouat. 

Arookatce,  a  city  of  India.    See  Arcot. 

Aroondoo,  or  Aroundou,  &Voon^doo',  a  village  of 
Wast  Africa,  on  the  SenegaL 


Aroos'took,  a  river  of  Maine,  rises  in  Piscataquis  co^ 
runs  northeastward  through  Aroostook  co.,  and  enters  th« 
St.  John  River  in  New  Brunswick.     Length,  140  miles. 

Aroostook,  a  largo  county  forming  the  N.E.  extremity 
of  Maine,  borders  on  Canada.  It  is  intersected  by  the  river 
St.  John,  which  forms  part  of  its  N.  boundary.  It  is  also 
drained  by  the  Aroostook  and  several  lesser  rivers.  Tho 
surface  is  partly  hilly,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  dense 
forests,  in  which  the  sugar-maple  abounds.  Area,  ti8UU 
square  miles.  The  soil  in  some  parts  is  fertile.  The  sum- 
mers are  warm,  but  the  winters  are  long  and  cold.  The 
staple  products  are  oats,  hay,  butter,  potatoes,  nnd  lumber. 
Capital,  Houlton.  Pop.  in  1870,  29,609;  in  1880,  41,700; 
in  1890,  49,589. 

Aroostook,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  the  Aroostook  River,  near  its  confluence  with  the 
St.  John,  66  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Woodstock.  It  has  a  woulkn- 
mill.     Pop.  400. 

Arosis,  ancient  name  of  a  river  of  Persia.    See  Tab. 

Arounn,  a  town  of  Sahara.    See  Arawam. 

Arouat,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Lagiiouat. 

Arouca,  &-roo'k&,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Douro, 
28  miles  S.W.  of  Lamego.     Pop.  2500. 

Aroundou,  a  village  of  Africa.    See  Aroondoo. 

Arpa-Chai,  or  Arpatchai,ar^p&-chi',  a  river  of  Ar- 
menia, joins  the  Aras  about  50  miles  N.  of  Mount  Ararat. 
Length,  SO  miles. 

Arpaia,  aR-pi'&,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Bcno- 
vcnto,  2i  miles  E.N.E.  of  Arienzo,  supposed  to  occupy  the 
site  of  the  Roman  Caudium. 

Arpiuon,  aa'pH^zhiu"',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Seine-et-Oiso,  15  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Versailles.  P.  2790. 

Arptvjon,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Cantal,  2 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Aurillac.     Pop.  894. 

Arpino,  aa-pce'no  (anc.  Arpi'num),  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Caserta,  6  miles  S.W.  from  Sora.  It  has  a  col- 
lege, several  churches  and  convents,  and  manufactories  of 
cloths  and  woollen  stuffs,  also  tanneries,  and  in  the  environs 
is  an  extensive  paper-mill.  Arpino  was  founded  by  the 
Volsci,  and  erected  into  a  municipal  town  by  the  Romans, 
who  wrested  it  from  the  Samnites.  It  is  celebrated  as  the 
birthplace  of  Marius  and  Cicero.  The  surrounding  scenery 
is  singularly  beautiful.     Pop.  11,522. 

Arqua,  aR-kw4',  or  Arquato,  aR-kw4'to  (anc.  Ar- 
qua'tum),  a  village  of  Italy,  on  a  railway,  12i  miles  S.W. 
of  Padua,  among  the  Euganean  hills.  Petrarch  died  at 
this  place,  July  19,  1374.     Pop.  1131. 

Arqua,  a  village  of  Italy,  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rovigo. 
Pop.  2870,  engaged  in  silk-culture. 

Arqua,  au'kwi,  a  decayed  town  of  Mexico,  state  of 
Zacatecas.  It  was  well  built,  and  formerly  contained  nu- 
merous squares  and  churches.     Pop.  about  4000. 

Arquata,  aR-kw&'t4,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  Tronto,  17 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Ascoli,     Pop.  4181.     . 

Arquata,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Alessandria,  on  the  Scrivia, 
8  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Novi.     Pop.  2751. 

Arquato,  a  town  of  Italy,  near  Padua.    See  Arqua. 

Arquennes,  an^kSnn',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
of  Hainaut,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Mons.     Pop.  2225. 

Arques,  aRk,  a  river  of  France,  department  of  Seine-In- 
ffirieure,  is  navigable  from  Arques  to  the  English  Channel. 

Arques,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Seine-Infe- 
rieure,  on  the  Arques,  3  miles  by  railway  S.E.  of  Dieppe, 
with  ruins  of  an  ancient  castle,  an  important  stronghold  in 
the  Middle  Ages.  In  1589,  Henry  IV.  here  conquered  the 
Leaguers  under  the  Duke  of  Mayenne.     Pop.  968. 

Arques,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Pas-de- 
Calais,  2  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Omer.     Pop.  3762. 

Arquian,  aR^kee'ftK"',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Nifivre,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  St.  Amand.     Pop.  1770. 

Arracan,  a  province  and  river  of  India.    See  Aracan. 

Arragon,  an  ancient  kingdom  of  Spain.    See  Akacon. 

Ar'rah,  a  town  of  British  India,  Bengal,  district  of  Sha» 
habad,  on  a  railway,  36  miles  W.  of  Patna.     Pop.  39,.'586. 

Arraial  de  Cocftes,  aR-Ri-&r  dd  ko-k&'S.Ns,  a  mining 
village  of  Brazil,  in  the  province  of  Minas-Geraes,  about  lat, 
20°  S.,  Ion.  44°  W.  The  bouses  are  neat,  and  surrounded 
by  gardens  filled  with  orange-  and  cofiFee-trees,  bananas, 
&e.  The  inhabitants  are  chiefly  engaged  in  the  neight)oring 
gold-mines. 

Arraial  de  Concei^fio,  aR-Ri-&r  di  kon-gi-ECw»«', 
or  Concepcion,  kftn-sdp-se-An',  a  small  village  of  Brazil, 
province  of  Goyaz,  110  miles  S.W.  of  Natividade. 

Arraial  de  Congonhas-de-Sabara,  aR-Ri-il'  d4 
kon-g6n'yi3-d4-s4-b4-r4',  a  mining  village  of  Brazil,  prov- 
ince of  Minas-Geraes,  about  lat.  19°  50'  S.,  Ion.  21°  W. 
Pop.  about  2000. 


ABR 


629 


ART 


Arraiollos,  a  town  of  Portugal.  See  Aurayollos. 
Arran,  ir'ran,  an  island  on  the  W.  coast  of  Scotland, 
Firth  of  Clyde,  co.  of  Bute.  Area,  185  square  miles.  It  is 
20  miles  in  length,  and  about  10  miles  in  breadth.  Its  ap- 
pearance is  very  remarkable,  the  N.  part  being  crowned 
with  lofty  granitic  mountains,  connected  by  sharp  ridges, 
and  intersected  by  deep  ravines.  The  highest  summit, 
Goatfell,  is  2865  feet  high.     Pop.  5234. 

Ar'ran-Fow'dy,  a  mountain  of  North  Wales,  co.  of 
Merioneth,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Bala,  2955  feet  in  height. 

Ariaii  Isles,  or  South  Islands  of  Arran,  a 
barony  in  Ireland,  co.  of  Galway,  consisting  of  a  group  of 
small  islands.  Lat.  of  light  on  Inishmore,  the  largest  and 
most  northerly,  63°  7'  38"  N. ;  Ion.  9°  42'  22"  \V.  Pop.  3333. 
The  NoiiTH  Islands  op  Auuan  comprise  the  group  called 
the  Rosses,  off  the  N.W.  coast  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Donegal. 

Ar'ras  (Fr.  pron.  an^iiiss' ;  anc.  Nevietacum  and  Nemeto- 
cenna),  a  fortified  city  of  France,  capital  of  the  department 
of  Pas-de-Calais,  and  formerly  capital  of  Artois,  on  the 
Soarpe,  at  a  railway  junction,  35  miles  N.E.  of  Amiens,  and 
100  miles  N.N.E.  of  Paris.  Lat  50°  17'  31"  N. ;  Ion.  2°  46' 
60"  E.  It  was  strongly  fortified  by  Vauban.  It  stands 
partly  on  a  declivity  and  partly  on  a  flat,  and  consists  of 
the  city,  the  high  town,  and  the  low  town.  Arras  is  well 
built,  and  has  the  appearance  of  a  Flemish  city.  The  chief 
edifices  are  a  citadel,  a  cathedral,  town  hall,  theatre,  arsenal, 
barracks,  a  curious  belfry,  Ac.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  court 
of  assize  and  of  a  bishop,  has  a  college,  several  professional 
schools,  seminary,  schools  of  design  and  of  belles-lettres,  an 
institution  for  deaf-mutes,  a  botanic  garden,  museums,  and 
a  public  library  of  40,000  volumes.  The  chief  manufixctures 
are  cotton  thread,  calico,  hosiery,  lace,  woollens,  beet  sugar, 
(tarthcnwarc,  soap,  <j^c.  It  has  an  extensive  trade.  Pop. 
27,329. 

Arrayas,  aR-Rl'&s,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  of  Qoyaz, 
120  miles  S.E.  of  Natividade.     Pop.  about  300. 

Arrayollos,  aR-ni-ol'loce,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province 
of  Alemtejo,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Evora.     Pop.  2090, 

4rreau,  br^ro',  an  ancient  town  of  France,  in  Hautes- 
ryr6n6es,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Bagneres-de-Bigorre.   Pop.  1343. 

Arrecife.    See  Recife  ;  also  Arecife. 

Arrecifes,  aR-Ri-see'f4s,  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Re- 
public, province  of  Buenos  Ayres,  on  the  navigable  Rio 
de  Arrecifes,  and  on  a  railway,  135  miles  W.  of  Buenos 
Ayres.     Pop.,  with  surroundings,  4250. 

ArVedon'da,  a  post-village  of  Alachua  co.,  Fla.,  on 
a  railway,  104  miles  S.S.W.  of  Fernandina,  and  54  miles 
N.E.  of  Cedar  Keys.     It  has  3  churches. 

Ar'rcnigS  a  mountain  of  Wales,  co.  of  Merioneth,  5i 
miles  W.  of  Bala,  2809  feet  in  elevation. 

Arresee,  aR'R§h-sA,\  a  lake  of  Denmark,  Seeland.  Lat. 
65°  67'  N.  It  was  formerly  a  bay  of  the  Cattegat,  commu- 
nicating with  Roeskilde-Fiord  by  a  small  canal. 

Arreskov  See,vaR'R?s-kov  si,  a  lake  of  Denmark,  in 
the  island  of  Funen ;  the  largest  in  the  island. 

Arrctium,  the  ancient  name  of  Arezzo. 

Arriaca,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Guadalajara. 

Arriate,  aR-Re-&.'td,,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
province  of  Malaga,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Ronda.     Pop.  2954. 

Arrifana,  aR-Re-fS,'ni,  a  fort,  bay,  and  island  on  the 
S.W.  coast  of  Portugal,  province  of  Algarve,  the  first  in  lat. 
37°  15'  N.,  Ion.  8°  52'  W. 

Arrifana  de  Sousa,  Portugal.    See  Penafiel. 

Ar'riiigton,  a  township  of  Wayne  co..  111.    Pop.  1640. 

Arrington,  a  post-ofiice  of  Williamson  co.,  Tenn. 

Arriiigton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nelson  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Midland  Railroad,  25  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Lynchburg. 

Arroas  (ar-ro'fls)  Islands,  a  group  of  small  islands 
in  the  Straits  of  Malacca,  about  35  miles  from  Sumatra. 

Arroe,  an  island  of  Denmark.     See  Aeroe. 

Arroe,  ar-ro'  (or  Harnish,  har'nish^).  Islands,  a 
cluster  of  islands  in  the  Red  Sea,  about  30  miles  N.W.  of 
Mocha.  The  S.W.  end  of  the  largest,  called  Great  Arroe,  or 
llarnish  Island,  is  in  lat.  13°  39'  N.,  Ion.  42°  39'  E. 

Arrueskiobing.     See  Aeroeskiobing. 

Arronches,  aii-Ron'sh^s,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Alem- 
tejo, on  the  Caya,  18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Elvas.     Pop.  1700. 

Arrondissement,  aRM{6.\Mecss*m5N<'',  an  administra- 
tive division  of  France  and  Algeria,  larger  than  the  canton, 
but  smaller  than  the  department,  and  governed  either  by 
the  departmental  prefect  or  by  a  sub-prefect.  It  has  also 
a  council,  with  one  member  from  each  of  the  cantons,  and 
hygienic  and  other  boards. 

Arrone,  aR-Ro'ni,  a  vilkige  of  Italy,  in  Umbria,  8  miles 
S.  of  Terni.     Pop.  1650. 

Arroniz,  aR-Ro-neeth',  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Navarre, 
28  miles  S.W.  of  Pamplona.     Pop.  1740. 


Arroux,  aR^Roo',  a  river  of  France,  departments  of  C6ta 
d'Or  and  Saone-et- Loire,  joins  the  Loire.     Length,  65  miles, 
Ar'row,  a  river  of  Wales  and  England,  joins  the  Lugg 
near  Leominster.     Length,  30  miles. 

Arrow,  a  stream  of  England,  rising  in  the  Lickey  Hills, 
CO.  of  Worcester,  joins  the  Alne  at  Alccs-ter. 

Arrow,  a  lake  and  river  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Sligo.  Tb« 
lake  is  studded  with  islands,  and  highly  picturesque.  The 
river  flows  from  its  N.  e.xtremity,  and,  after  a  N.W.  course 
of  20  miles,  enters  Ardnaglass  Bay. 

Ar'row  Lake,  in  British  Columbia,  Canada,  is  an  ex- 
pansion of  the  Columbia  River,  about  95  miles  long  from  N. 
to  S.  It  has  the  Selkirk  Mountains  on  the  E.  and  the  Gold 
Range  on  the  W.,  is  crossed  by  the  61st  degree  of  N.  lat., 
and  is  often  regarded  as  forming  two  lakes, — Upper  and 
Lower  Arrow  Lake. 

ArroAV  Lake,  on  or  near  the  boundary  of  Lake  co., 
Minn.,  and  of  Canada.  It  discharges  its  waters  by  the  Ar- 
row River  into  Lake  Superior. 

Arrow  Rock,  a  post-village  of  Saline  co..  Mo.,  in  Ar- 
row Rock  township,  on  the  Missouri  River,  18  miles  above 
Boonville,  and  about  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Sedalia.  It  has  4 
churches  and  a  bank.     Pop.  of  the  township,  3174. 

Arrowsic,  &r-row'sik,  a  post-oflfice  of  Sagadahoc  co., 
Me.,  5  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bath.  It  is  in  Arrowsic  township, 
which  is  a  small  island  at  the  mouth  of  Kennebec  River. 
It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  252. 

Ar'rowsmith,  a  post  village  of  McLean  co..  111.,  on 
the  Wabash  Railroad,  20  miles  E.  of  Bloomington.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  grain  elevator,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  of  the  township,  927. 

Ar'rowsmith,  a  mountain  of  Tasmania.  Lat.  42°  7' 
S,;  Ion.  146°  3'  E.     It  is  4075  feet  in  elevation. 

Arrowsmith,  a  river  of  Western  Australia,  rises  in 
Ilerschell  range,  and  falls  into  the  sea  in  lat.  29°  30'  S. 

ArVo'yo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Elk  oo..  Pa.,  on  the  Clarion 
River,  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ridgway.  It  has  a  church,  and 
manufactures  of  pine  lumber.  The  river  here  winds  be- 
tween rugged  pine-covered  hills. 

Arroyo  del  Puerco,  aR-Ro'yo  dfil  pwSR'ko,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Estremadura,  10  miles  W.  of  Caceres.    Pop.  6727. 

Arroyo  Grande,  ar-ro'yo  grin'de.  a  post-town  of  San 
Luis  Obispo  ce.,  Cal.,  15  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  San  Luis 
Obispo.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  newspaper  office.  Near 
here  are  coal-mines  and  warm  sulphur  springs.     Pop.  500. 

Arroyo  Hon'do,  a  post-village  of  Taos  co.,  New 
Mexico,  about  10  miles  N.  of  Taos.     Pop.  200. 

Arroyo  Molinos  de  Montanches,  aR-Ro'yo  mo- 
lee'noce  dd  mon-tin'chfis,  or  Arroyo  del  Molino,  an- 
Ro'yo  d51  mo-lee'no,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  27 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Caceres.  Here  the  French  were  surprised 
and  defeated  by  Lord  Hill,  October  28,  1811,     Pop,  1782. 

Arru  Islands,  Australasia,    See  Aroo. 

Arrul,  Arul,  or  Aral,  &'rai,  a  river  of  India,  flows  out 
of  the  Indus,  on  the  W.  side,  about  lat.  27°  40'  N.,  25  miles 
below  Sukkur.  It  is  called  the  Western  Narra  until  it  reaches 
Lake  Munchar  (or  Manchar),  100  miles  below  its  origin ; 
but  in  its  lower  course  it  is  called  Arrul.  It  rejoins  the  Indus 
in  lat.  26°  24'  N.,  Ion.  67°  66'  E.  It  is  much  preferred  for 
navigation  during  the  rainy  season  to  the  Indus  proper,  since 
its  current  is  moderate,  while  that  of  the  Indus  is  swift. 

Arsacides  Islands.    See  Solomon  Islands. 

Arsago,  aR-si'go,  a  village  of  Italy,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Milan,  with  ruins  of  a  very  ancient  temple.     Pop.  1038. 

Arsamas,  or  Arzamas,  aR-zi-mis',  a  town  in  Rus- 
sia, government  and  65  miles  S.  of  Nizhnee-Novgorod.  Lat 
55°  25'  N. ;  Ion.  43°  20'  E.     Pop.  10,517. 

Arsenaria,  the  ancient  name  of  Arzew. 

Ars-en-Re,  aRz'fiNo^rd',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Charente-Inferieure,  on  the  AV\  coast  of  the  island  of  R6, 
17  miles  W.  of  La  Rochelle.     Pop.  3170. 

Arsie,  aR-se-i',  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Belluno, 
3  miles  S.W.  of  Fonzaso.     Pop.  6702. 

Arsiero,  aR-se-4'ro,  a  village  of  Italy,  6  miles  N.  of 
Schio.     Pop.  3369. 

Arsinoe,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Medinet-el-Fayoom, 

Arsissa, ancient  nameof  a  lakeof  Asia.  See  Lake  Van. 

Arsoli,  aR'so-lee,  a  village  of  Central  Italy,  13  miles 
N.E.  of  Tivoli.     Pop.  1830. 

Ars-sur-Moselle,  aR^silR^mo^zell',  a  town  of  Ger- 
many, in  Lorraine,  6  miles  by  rail  S.W,  of  Metz.  It  has 
extensive  manufactures.     Pop.  5330. 

Arsunda,  aR-soon'di,  a  village  of  Sweden,  on  a  beau- 
tiful lake,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Gefle.     Pop.  1918. 

Art,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Ind. 

Art,  aut,  a  French  island  of  the  Belep  group,  Pacifio 
Ocean,  about  36  miles  from  New  Caledonia. 


ART 


530 


ARV 


Art,  or  Arth,  aRt,  »  Tillage  of  Switzerlaod.  7  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Sohwytx,  at  tbo  S.  extremity  of  the  Zugorsee, 
and  Donr  tbo  foot  of  Mount  Kighi.     Pop.  2446. 

Arta«  aB'tl  (anc.  Amc'thut),  a  river  of  Europe,  part  of 
tlie  boundary  between  Turkey  and  Groooo,  rixes  in  Mount 
lletsoTO,  and  flows  to  the  Gulf  of  Aita.    Length,  CO  miles. 

Arta,  an'ti,  Nar'da,  or  Zar'ta  (ano.  Ambra'dit),  a 
town  of  Oreeoe,  42  miles  S.  of  Yanina,  on  the  left  b.ank  of 
the  Arta,  7  milos  from  its  mouth.  Pop.  estimated  at  from 
6UU0  to  UOOU,  mostly  Greeks.  It  has  a  large  cnthodral,  a 
ruinMl  convent  of  the  ninth  century,  a  citadel,  with  manu- 
factories of  cottons,  woollens,  &o.    See  Gulp  op  Ahta. 

Ar'ta,  a  town  of  Majorca,  near  the  N.W.  part  of  the 
ii>land,  on  a  range  of  hills  which  extend  E.  to  Cape  Pera. 
Pop.  4536.  Chief  industry,  manufactures  of  coarse  linen, 
dyeing,  and  fishing.    Commerce  in  fruit. 

Arta,  an'ti,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Udine,  21 
miles  N.  of  Udine.     It  has  mineral  springs.     Pop.  2318. 

Artace,  the  ancient  name  of  Aktakke. 

Arti^jonay  ait-t&-Ho'n&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of 
Navarre,  18  milos  S.  of  Pamplona.     Pop.  2100. 

Artakce,  or  Artaki,  auH&-kce'  (anc.  Ar'tace),  a  town 
of  Asia  Minor,  on  the  W.  shore  of  tho  peninsula  of  Cyzicus 
(Sea  of  Marmora),  70  miles  S.W.  of  Constantinople.  P.  4000. 

Artaiia,  an-t&'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  Valencia,  11  miles 
6.W.  of  Castellon  de  la  Plana.     Pop.  2611. 

Arias,  ait't&ss',  or  ArHo8S%  a  beautiful  and  fertile 
yalley  of  Palestine,  near  Bethlehem.  It  is  supposed  to 
occupy  the  site  of  the  gardens  of  Solomon.  The  name  is 
not  improbably  a  corruption  of  the  Latin  hortua,  a  "  garden," 

Arta\ata,  ar-tax-&'t&,  a  former  capital  of  Armenia, 
now  a  mass  of  ruins,  on  the  Aras,  68  miles  S.S.E.  of  Erivan. 

Artegna,  aR-tain'y&,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Udine,  3  miles  S.  of  Gomona.     Pop.  3030. 

Artcijo,  an-td'e-Ho,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Galicia,  with 
mineral  springs,  on  the  Bolnno,  at  its  mouth,  near  Corunna. 

Artcmesia,  Ontario,  Canada.    See  pLESiiBnTON. 

Artcniita,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Van. 

Artcmoiith,  a  river  of  Madagascar.    See  Dartmouth. 

Artenara,  au-ti-nilL'rl,  a  town  of  the  Canaries,  near 
the  centre  of  the  island  Gran  Canaria.     Pop.  1075. 

Artenny,  aut'nd',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Loirct,  on  a  railway,  13  miles  N.  of  Orleans.     Pop.  1015. 

Artern,  aR't^m,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  govern- 
ment of  Merseburg,  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Halle.     Pop.  3883. 

Artesia,  ar-tee'zh§-a,  a  post-village  of  Lowndes  co., 
Miss.,  on  the  Mubile  &  Ohio  Kailroad,  iit  the  junction  of 
the  Georgia  Pacific,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Columbus.  It  has 
a  church.     Pop.  250. 

Arte'sian,  a  post-village  of  Sanborn  co.,  S.D.,  41  miles 
by  rail  \V.  of  Madison.  It  has  2  churches,  2  banks,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  256. 

Arth,  a  village  of  Switzerland.    See  Art. 

Arthabas'ka,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Quebec.  Area, 
685  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Grank  Trunk  Kail- 
way,  and  drained  by  tho  Nicolet  River  and  its  branches. 
Chief  town,  St.  Christophe  d'Arthabaska.     Pop.  17,611. 

Arthabas'ka  Station,  or  Victo'riaville,  a  post- 
village  in  Arthabaska  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railway,  at  its  junction  with  tho  Three  Rivers  Branch,  108 
miles  E.  of  Montreal,  It  contains  several  mills,  and  has  a 
large  lumber  trade.     Pop.  400.    See  East  Arthabaska. 

Arthabaskaville,  Quebec.  See  Saint-Christophb 
d'Arthabaska. 

Arthcz,  aRH4',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Basses- 
Pyrenees,  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Orthez.     Pop.  1476. 

Artliez  d'Asson,  aR'ti'dis^six"',  a  village  of  France, 
department  of  Basses-Pyrfinees.     Pop.  1427. 

Arthon,  aR'tis"',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Loire-Infcrieure,  8  miles  E.  of  Pornio.     Pop.  2300. 

Ar'thur,  a  post-village  of  Moultrie  co..  111.,  9  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Areola.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  250. 

Arthur,  a  post- village  of  Pike  co.,  Ind.,  20  miles  E.  of 
Princeton.    It  has  a  church.    Coal  is  found  here.    Pop.  250. 

Arthur,  a  post-village  of  Ida  co.,  Iowa,  50  miles  by  rail 
N.E.  of  Onawa.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  200. 

Arthur,  a  village  in  Wellington  co.,  Ontario,  72  miles  by 
rail  W.  by  N.  of  Toronto.  It  is  in  a  fine  agricultural  dis- 
trict, and  has  saw-,  grist-,  flax-,  and  planing-mills,  woollen-, 
shingle-,  and  potash-factories,  a  tannery,  and  a  weekly  news- 
paper.    Pop.  900. 

Ar'thur,  a  river  of  Tasmania,  falls  into  the  sea  in  lat. 
41°  10'  S.,  Ion.  144°  40'  E.     Length,  60  miles. 

Arthur,  Great  and  Little.    Sec  Scilly  Islands. 

Ar'thur  Islands,  a  small  group  in  the  Mulgrave  Archi- 
pelago. 


Arthur's,  a  station  in  Lexington  oo.,  8.C.,  on  the 
Charlotte,  Columbia  k  Augusta  Kailroad,  7  miles  S.W.  uf 
Columbia. 

Ar'thursburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
La  Grange  tuwnnliip,  uu  the  Dutchess  it  Columbia  Kailroad 
17  milos  N.K.  of  Nowburg. 

Ar'thur's  Scat,  a  famous  hill  in  Scotland,  immedi- 
ately S.E.  of  Edinburgh,  822  feet  above  the  sea. 

Ar'thur's  Seat,  a  hill  on  tho  S.  coast  of  AuRtralia, 
between  Port  Phillip  and  the  ocean.     Height,  10.11  feet. 

Ar'thur's  Stone,  a  cromlech  on  the  top  of  Ccfn  Uryn 
a  hill  of  Wales,  Glamorganshire,  0  miles  W.  of  Swansea.  It 
consists  of  a  block  of  millstone,  14  feet  in  length,  and  7  feet 
2  inches  in  thickness,  resting  on  8  sup])orters. 

Ar'thurstown,  a  hamlet  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Wexford,  on 
Waterford  harbor,  7  miles  from  Waterfortl. 

Artichoke  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Big  Stone  co.,  Minn. 

Artlenburg,  aRt'lvn-bMRO*,  a  town  of  Hanover  (Prus- 
sia),  on  the  Elbe,  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Luneburg.     Pop.  887. 

Artois,  aR'twi',  an  old  province  of  France,  whieii,  with 
part  of  Picardy,  forms  the  present  department  of  Pas-de- 
Calais.    Arras  was  its  capital. 

Artoss,  a  valley  of  Palestine.    See  Artas. 

Artveen,  or  Artvin,  aRt-veen',  a  town  of  Asiatic  llus- 
sia,  on  the  Choruk  River,  here  crossed  by  a  bridge,  34  miles 
S.E.  of  Batoom,  and  60  miles  W.  of  Ardahan.  Estimated 
pop.  5500.  It  is  mostly  built  of  wood,  but  has  some  good 
stone  residences,  and  is  a  Catholic  bishop's  see.  Chief  ex- 
ports, butter,  wax,  honey,  olives,  and  oil. 

Aruat,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Laghouat. 

Aruba,  &-roo'b&,  or  Oru'ba,  an  island,  one  of  the  Dntcb 
Antilles,  near  the  coast  of  Venezuela.  Lat.  (of  Fort  Zout- 
man)  12°  28'  30"  N.;  Ion.  70°  11'  W.     Pop.  5670. 

Arucas,  &-roo'kis,  a  town  on  the  W.  snore  of  Gomcra, 
one  of  tho  Canaries,  having  a  church,  chapel,  school,  and 
spacious  public  granary.     Pop,  1233. 

Arucati,  a  town  of  India.    See  Arcot. 

Arudy,  &'riiMec',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ba8se8-PyrC>D6e% 
14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pau.     Pop.  1944. 

Arul,  a  river  of  India.    See  Arrul. 

Arum,  or  Aarum,  I'riim,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Friesland,  6  miles  S.  by  E.  from  Uarlingcn.     Pop.  1168. 

Ar'un,  a  river  of  England,  Sussex,  enters  tho  English 
Channel  at  Little  Hampton.     Length,  40  miles. 

Arundel,  lir'un-d^l,  a  borough  of  Sussex,  England,  on 
the  Arun,  and  on  a  railway,  50  miles  S.S.W.  of  London. 
Its  castle  is  tho  seat  of  the  Duke  of  Norfolk.     Pop.  2956. 

Arupium,  name  of  an  ancient  town.    See  Aukrsbero. 

Arva,  au'vi,  a  river  of  Spain,  in  Aragon,  falls  into  the 
Ebro  near  Tauste. 

Arva,  S.R' v5h\  a  village  of  Hungary,  N.E.  of  Als6-Eubin, 
on  the  Arva.     Pop,  400. 

Arva,  the  northernmost  county  of  Hungary.  Area,  802 
square  miles.     Capital,  Als6-Kubin,     Pop.  82,364. 

Arva,  a  river  in  the  N.  part  of  Hungary,  flows  through 
the  district  of  Arva  into  tho  Waag. 

Arva,  or  St.  John's,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co., 
Ontario,  on  the  Thames  River,  6  miles  N.  of  London.  It 
contains  a  woollen -factory  and  several  mills.     Pop.  200. 

Arva'da,  a  post-village  of  Jefi'erson  co.,  Colorado,  on 
the  Colorado  Central  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Denver.  It 
has  a  church. 

Arve,  aRv  (It.  Arvo,  an'vo),  a  river  of  France,  rises  in 
the  Col  de  Balme,  and  joins  the  Rhone  below  tho  Lake  of 
Geneva.     Length,  45  miles. 

Arvee,  Arwee,  or  Arvi,  ar'^ee,  a  town  of  India,  Cen- 
tral Provinces,  capital  of  a  sub-district  of  the  same  name,  in 
Nagpoor,  is  about  50  tailes  W,  by  S.  of  Nagpoor,  and  has  a 
large  cotton-market.     Pop,  8256. 

Arverni,  the  ancient  name  of  Auvergne. 

Arvert,  anS'aiR',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Cha- 
rente-Infcrieure,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Rochefort.     Pop,  2405. 

Arveyres,  aRVaiR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Gironde,  on 
the  Dordogne,  3  miles  S.  of  Libourne,     Pop.  1485. 

Arveyron,  aR^i^rAx"',  a  streamlet  in  France,  Savoy, 
an  affluent  of  the  Arve. 

Arvika,  a  town  of  Sweden.     See  Oscarstad. 

Arvillard,  aR'vee^yau',  a  village  of  France,  in  Savoy,  3 
miles  S.  of  La  Rochette,     Pop,  1250. 

Arvo,  the  Italian  name  of  the  river  Arvb. 

Ar'von,  a  township  of  Baraga  co.,  Mich.  It  contains 
the  post-village  of  Skanee. 

Arvon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Arvon  township,  Baraga  co,, 
Mich,,  on  Huron  Bay  (of  Lake  Superior),  12  or  14  miles 
N.E,  of  L'Anse,     It  has  quarries  of  slate, 

Arvonia,  ar-vo'ne-%,  a  post-village  of  Osage  co.,  Kan- 
sas, in  Arvonia  township,  4  miles  from  the  Atchison,  To- 


ARV 


.531 


ASC 


peka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad.  It  hag  a  church.  Arvonia 
Station  is  42  miles  S.S.W.  of  Topeka.  Coal  is  mined  here. 
Pop.  of  township,  (1890)  770. 

Arvoredo  (au-vo-ri'do)  Island,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of 
Brazil.     Lat.  27°  17'  S. ;  Ion.  48°  22'  W. 

Arwee,  a  town  of  India.    See  Arvee. 

Arxata,  the  ancient  name  of  Nakhchivan. 

Arys,  i'ris,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  on  the  Lake  of  Arys, 
65  miles  S.S.W.  of  Gumbinnen.     Pop.  1229. 

Arzamas,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Arsamas. 

Arzana,  and-z^'nil,  a  town  on  the  island  of  Sardinia, 
V.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  1665. 

Arzaiio,  and-zi'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  3  miles  N.  of 
Naples.  It  has  some  beautiful  villas.  Flax  and  hemp  are 
much  cultivated  in  the  neighborhood.     Pop.  5460. 

Arzaw,  a  town  of  Algeria.    See  Arzew. 

Arzberg,  auts'bSr.G,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Upper  Fran- 
oonia,  8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Wunsiedel.     Pop.  2108. 

Arzcn,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Erzroow. 

Arzew,  ar'ze-yoo',  or  Arzeo,  ar-zi'o,  sometimes  writ- 
ten Arzaw  (Fr.  Arzen,  an^ziih';  anc.  Arsena'ria),  a  sea- 
port town  of  Algeria,  23  miles  E.N.E.  of  Oran,  on  the 
Mediterranean.  It  is  a  military  station,  and  is  connected 
by  railway  with  the  interior.     Pop.  2187. 

Arzianorum  Oppidum,  an  ancient  town.  SccErzen. 

Arzip;iiaiio,  aRd-zeen-yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  10  miles 
W.  of  Vicenza.  Pop.  8130,  who  manufacture  woollen  cloths, 
leather,  and  silk  twist.     Near  it  are  coal-mines. 

Arzilla,  aR-zil'li  or  aR-zee'l^,  a  fortified  seaport  town 
of  Morocco,  province  of  Fez,  on  the  Atlantic,  23  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Cape  Spartel.     Pop.  600. 

Arzo,  aRd'zo,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  in  Ticino,  14 
miles  S.  of  Lugano,  with  quarries  of  marble.     Pop.  697. 

Arzobispo  Island,  P.acific  Ocean.  See  Boxin  Islands. 

Arzroom,  a  city  of  Turkey.    See  Erzuoom. 

A'sa,  or  Five  Liakes,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lapeer  co., 
Mich.,  in  Mayfield  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Detroit  & 
Bay  City  Railroad,  at  Five  Lakes  Station,  10  miles  from 
Lapeer.  It  has  manufactures  of  pine  lumber  and  shingles. 
Pop.  about  150. 
,   Asa b,  a  bay  of  Abyssinia.     See  Assab  Bay. 

Asahan,  or  Assahan,  ds-si-hin',  a  town  on  the  N.E. 
coast  of  Sumatra,  capital  of  a  district,  and  on  a  navigable 
river  of  the  same  name,  20  miles  from  the  Straits  of  Malacca. 

Asal,  a  lake  of  Africa.    See  Assal. 

Asam,  a  province  of  India.    See  Assam. 

Asama-Yama,  i-si'mi-yi'mi,  or  Asama-no- 
Dake,  i-si'mi-no-dik',  a  lofty  and  very  active  volcano  in 
Japan,  in  the  island  of  Hondo. 

Asangaro,  is-in-gi'ro,  a  town  of  Peru,  N.  of  Lake 
Titicaca,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  about  10  miles  from 
its  embouchure  in  the  lake.  Lat.  15°  30'  S. ;  Ion.  71°  30'  W. 
Pop.  2000. 

Asanja,  a  village  of  Servia,near  Semendria.  Pop.  3140. 

Asaro,  3,-si'ro,  a  town  of  Sicily,  in  Catania,  on  a  rail- 
way, 9  miles  N.E.  of  Castro-Giovanni.     Pop.  3270. 

Asarys,  a  town  of  Asia.    See  Hf.sarab. 

Asbach,  <1s'b3,K\  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  15  miles 
N.  of  Neuwied.    Pop.  335. 

Asben,  is'ben',  a  considerable  kingdom  of  Africa,  in  the 
Sahara,  about  lat.  20°  N.,  Ion.  7°  E.  It  is  also  called  Air. 
Capital,  Agadcz.  Asben  is  also  the  name  of  a  town  or  caro* 
van-station  in  the  kingdom. 

Asberg,  a  town  of  Germany.     See  Aspero. 

Asbury,  az'ber-re,  a  post-ofTice  of  Troup  co.,  Ga.,  64 
miles  S.W.  of  Atlanta. 

Asbury,  the  station-name  of  Repaupo,  N.J. 

Asbury,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  near  the  New 
Jersey  Central  Railroad,  14  miles  E.  of  Easton,  Pa.,  and  62 
miles  from  New  York  City.  It  has  2  churches,  2  flouring- 
milla,  a  woollen-mill,  <tc.    See  South  Asburv. 

Asbury,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Utica,  Ithaca  &  Elmira  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Freeville. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Asbury,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.C.,  15 
miles  S.  of  Ashborough. 

Asbury,  a  post- office  of  Knox  co.,  Tenn.,  6  miles  from 
Knoxville. 

Asbury,  a  post-village  of  Greenbrier  co.,  W.  Va.,  9  miles 
from  Alderson.     It  has  2  churches. 

Asbury  Grove,  a  station  in  Hamilton  township,  Essex 
CO.,  Mass.,  is  the  terminus  of  a  branch  railroad  1  mile  long 
extending  to  Wenham  on  the  Eastern  Railroad.  Here  a 
great  annual  camp-meeting  is  held. 

Asbury  Park,  a  post-borough  and  noted  summer  resort 
of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the 
New  York  &  Long  Branch  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Long 


Branch,  36  mUes  from  New  York,  and  about  80  miles  by 
rail  from  Philadelphia.  It  is  adjacent  to  Ocean  Grove, 
from  which  it  is  separated  by  Wesley  Lake.  It  contains 
8  churches,  3  banks,  a  ladies'  school,  a  graded  school,  and 
several  newspaper  offices,  both  daily  (in  the  summer)  and 
weekly.     Resident  population  about  5000. 

Ascalon,  as'ka-lon,  Asculan,  is^koo-lin',  or  Asca- 
laan,  S,s^k4-li\n'  (anc.  Ashkelon),  a  ruined  seaport  of  .Syria, 
40  miles  W.S.W.  of  Jerusalem,  and  14  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Gaza.  Lat.  31°  39' N.;  Ion.  34°  31' E.  Ascalon  was  a  city 
of  the  Philistines,  but  afterwards  fell  into  the  hands  of  the 
Jews,  and  of  various  other  nations  in  succession.  A  little 
to  the  N.  is  a  small  modern  village,  named  Sculo'nn. 

Ascanius  Lacus,  Asia  Minor.    See  Lake  of  Isxeek. 

Ascawan'a  Lake,  a  lake  in  Putnam  Valley  township, 
Putnam  co.,  N.Y.,  2  miles  long  and  1  mile  broad. 

Ascea,  i-shd'i,  a  village  of  Italy,  near  the  sea,  and  11 
miles  S.W.  of  Vallo  della  Lucania.     Pop.  2170. 

Ascension,  as-s5n'shQn,  an  island  in  the  Atlantic,  be- 
longing to  Great  Britain,  760  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Helena.  It 
is  8  miles  long.  Lat.  7°  55'  S. ;  Ion.  14°  25'  W.  Pop.  about 
400.  It  is  of  volcanic  origin  ;  one  peak  is  2870  feet  high. 
It  v*is  discovered  on  Ascension  Day,  1501. 

Ascension,  a  parish  in  the  S.E.  p.art  of  Louisiana,  has 
an  area  of  iibout  420  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Mississippi  River,  and  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Amite. 
The  surface  is  an  alluvial  plain,  which  is  lower  than  the 
banks  of  the  river,  and  is  subject  to  inundation.  Sugar- 
cane and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products  of  the  soil. 
Its  S.W.  boundary  is  traversed  by  the  Texas  <fc  Pacific  Rail- 
road, which  follows  the  course  of  the  Mississippi  River  as 
far  N.  as  Port  Allen,  in  West  Baton  Rouge  parish,  opposite 
Baton  Rouge.  Capital,  Donaldsonville.  Pop.  in  1S70, 
11,577;  in  1880,  16,895,-  in  1890,  19,545. 

Ascension  Bay,  on  the  E.  coast  of  I'^ucatan,  N.  of 
Espiritu  Santo  Bay. 

Asch,  ish,  the  westernmost  town  of  Bohemia,  13  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Eger.  Pop.  9405.  It  has  manufactures  of 
cotton  hosiery,  woollen  fabrics,  and  wire. 

Aschach,  ish'lK,  a  town  of  Upper  Austria,  on  the 
Danube,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Lintz.     Pop.  1460. 

Aschafas,  islands  in  the  Red  Sea.     See  Ashafas. 

Aschatfenburg,  ash-af'fcn-burg  (Ger.  pron.  i-shlF- 
f§n-bo6RG^),  a  town  of  Bavaria,  Lower  Franconia,  on  the 
Maine,  23  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Frankfort.  Pop.  9212. 
It  has  a  royal  residence,  collections  of  art,  a  library,  a 
Gothic  church,  a  gymnasium,  and  manufactures  of  soap, 
woollens,  straw  goods,  pa])er,  and  tobacco. 

Asche,  or  Assche,  is'K^h  (Fr.  pron.  Ish),  a  town  of 
Belgium,  province  of  Brabant,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Brussels. 
It  has  breweries,  distilleries,  tanneries,  and  soap-works, 
and  a  trade  in  linen,  grain,  and  hops.     Pop.  6095. 

Aschendorf,  ish'en-doRr,  a  village  of  Hanover,  Prus- 
sia, 26  miles  N.  of  Meppen,  near  the  Ems.     Pop.  1752. 

Aschersleben,  4sh'ers-li.'b?n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  33 
miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Magdeburg,  on  the  Eine,  near  its 
junction  with  the  Wipper.  It  has  a  gymnasium,  a  poor- 
house,  and  a  foundling  hospital.  The  chief  articles  pro- 
duced are  frieze,  flannel,  stockings,  leather,  earthenware, 
brandy,  beer,  and  vinegar.     Pop.  19,600. 

Asciano,  i-shi'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  20  miles  by  rail 
S.E.  of  Sienna,  in  the  Val  d'Ombrone.     Pop.  2100. 

Ascoli,  is'ko-le  (anc.  Aa'culwn  Picc'mtm),  an  ancient 
episcopal  city  of  Italy,  in  the  Marches,  on  the  Tronto,  53 
miles  S.  of  Ancona,  and  16  miles  W.  of  the  Adriatic.  Pop. 
17,344.  It  is  well  built,  handsome,  and  has  old  walls  and 
a  citadel.  Chief  edifices,  a  cathedral  and  numerous  other 
churches ;  a  palazzo,  containing  a  museum,  library,  and 
theatre ;  a  Jesuits'  college,  and  governor's  residence. 

Ascoli  di  Satriano,  is'ko-le  dee  si-tre-4'no  (anc. 
As'culum),  a  town  of  Italy,  25  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Foggia. 
Pop.  6275.     It  has  a  castle,  a  cathedral,  and  diocesan  school. 

Ascoli-Piceno,  3,s'ko-lo  pee-chi'no,  a  province  of 
Italy,  in  the  Marches.  Area,  809  square  miles.  It  pro- 
duces wine,  silk,  lignite,  iron,  and  alabaster.  Capital, 
Ascoli.     Pop.  203,004. 

Ascona,  is-ko'ni,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Ticino,  on  Lago  Maggiore,  2  miles  S.S.W.  of  Locarno,  has 
a  priests'  seminary,  dynamite-works,  &c.     Pop.  1021. 

Ascope,  is-ko'pi,  or  Ascopca,  4s-ko-pi'i,  a  town  of 
Peru,  province  of  Trujillo,  40  miles  N.  of  Trujillo. 

As'cot  Heath,  England,  co.  of  Berks,  6  miles  S.W. 
of  Windsor.     It  is  known  for  its  races. 

Ascq,  isk,  a  village  of  France,  department  "f  Nord,  4 
miles  S.W.  of  Lannoy.     Pop.  2186. 

Asculan,  a  town  of  Palestine.    See  Ascalon. 

Asculum,  an  ancient  name  of  Ascoli  ci  S>«vi.uio 


A80 


532 


Asn 


Ascnlum  PiccnnDi«  an  anoiont  name  of  Ascoli. 
AscuCncy  Mountnin,  Vermont,  is  an  isolntcd  peak  in 
Windsor  oo.,  about  2  wiles  W.  of  the  Connecticut  Ktver.  Its 
sltitude  is  M.'iL'O  feet  above  the  sea.  It  is  formed  of  granite 
and  benutiful  (<yunite.  It  commands  an  extensive  prospect. 
AMCUt'iicyviliet  a  pont-village  of  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  on 
tha  Connecticut  River,  about  5  miles  below  Windsor,  in 
WeathersHeld  townohip.     It  has  a  church. 

Aitdood,  Asduua,  or  Asdud,  LiMood'  (anc.  A»h'dod 
and  Azo'iHn),  a  small  village  of  Palestine,  on  the  Mediter- 
ranean, 21  miles  S.  of  Jaffa.  It  was  anciently  one  of  the  five 
prinoi])al  cities  of  the  Philititines. 

Ascer,  or  Asir,  i'scoit',  an  independent  state  and  tribe 
of  Arabia,  occupying  the  high  land  on  the  confines  of  El 
Ii«Uns,  Yemen,  and  Nodjod.  It  appears  to  be  of  recent  origin. 
The  limits  of  Aseor  do  not  admit  of  being  precisely  defined. 
It  is  situated  in  the  interior  of  the  country,  near  the  18th 
parallel  of  N.  lat.,  and  comprises  several  fertile  valleys,  the 
chain  of  which  may  extend  80  miles  in  length.  They  have 
probably  an  elevation  of  from  3000  to  4000  feet,  while  the 
rocky  crests  around  them  may  rise  from  1000  to  1600  feet 
higher.  In  the  lower  valleys  the  date-palm  grows ;  cotton 
U  also  cultivated.  Higher  up,  the  date-groves  are  inter- 
spersed with  almonds,  figs,  apricots,  peaches,  and  vines; 
and  the  sides  of  the  hills,  wncr&  they  ofi'ur  any  soil,  are 
clothed  with  juniper.  The  people  are  bigoted  followers  of 
Abd-el-Wahab,  by  whom,  it  is  said,  they  were  first  con- 
verted to  Mohammedanism.     Principal  town,  Kolakh. 

Af>ecr{;hur,  i'seer-giir',  or  Hasser,  hls's^r,  a  town 
and  fort  of  British  India,  presidency  of  Bombay,  district  of 
Candcish,  12  miles  N.  of  Boorhanpoor.     Pop.  2731. 

Asek,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Ask. 

Ascie^  &-8d'l&,  a  parish  and  village  of  Asele  Lappmark, 
in  Northern  Sweden,  110  miles  N.W.  of  Umed,  on  the 
Angormann  River. 

Asti,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Saffee. 

A>ili)  a  village  of  England,  in  Surrey,  on  branches  of 
the  Southeastern  &  Southwestern  Railways,  4  miles  N.E. 
of  Farnham,  and  near  Aldershot.     Pop.  1626. 

Ash)  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  1746.  It 
contains  Athlone. 

Ashafas,  or  Aschafas,  &sb-jl'fjls,  a  group  of  small 
islands  in  the  Red  Sea,     Lat.  about  16°  N. 

Ashangee,  or  Achanghi,  &sh-&n'ghee\  a  lake  of 
Abyssinia,  in  Tigr6.  Greatest  length,  about  25  miles; 
bre.adth,  about  14  miles. 

Ashantee,  Achanti,  &sh'Jln'tce,  As^sanHee',  or 
Sianti,  sc'an'tee',  an  extensive  and  powerful  kingdom  of 
Western  Africa,  on  the  Gold  Coast,  Upper  Guinea,  extend- 
ing from  lat.  5°  0'  to  9°  30'  N.,  and  from  Ion.  0°  55'  E.  to 
4°  7'  W. ;  bounded  N.  by  the  Kong  Mountains,  S.  by  the 
British  Gold  Coast  possessions,  W.  by  the  Assinie  River, 
and  £.  by  the  Volta  River.  It  is  thus  about  310  miles 
from  E.  to  W.,  and  nearly  the  same  from  N.  to  S.,  occupy- 
ing 74,500  square  miles.  It  is  well  watered,  the  country 
being  intersected  by  several  considerable  streams  besides 
those  named.  The  country  is  in  general  mountainous, 
though  it  has  no  great  elevations.  It  is  covered  with 
dense  forests,  which  are  wholly  impenetrable,  excepting 
by  paths  which  have  been  opened  in  various  places  with 
great  labor.  Ashanteo  abounds  in  gold:  the  richest  mines 
are  in  Gaman,  where  the  precious  metal  is  found  in  large 
pieces,  some  of  about  4  pounds'  weight,  called  rock-gold. 
The  ore  is  of  a  deep  color,  and  is  dug  out  of  pits  from  6 
to  9  feet  in  depth.  The  Ashantees,  formerly  represented 
as  warlike  and  ferocious,  with  a  love  for  shedding  human 
blood  and  much  given  to  human  sacrifices,  are  now  stated 
by  the  best  authorities  to  be  of  a  peaceful  disposition. 
They  excel  in  the  manufacture  of  cotton  cloths  and  in 
the  brilliancy  of  their  dyes.  They  also  make  good  earthen- 
ware, leather,  and  iron,  making  sword-blades  of  superior 
workmanship.  But  it  is  in  the  fabrication  of  articles  in 
gold  that  they  display  the  greatest  skill.  The  chief  article 
of  export  is  gold,  with  ivory  and  some  dye-woods.  Their 
principal  imports  are  muskets,  gunpowder,  liquors,  tobacco, 
iron,  tin,  copper,  and  lead.  Their  currency  is  gold  in  dust 
and  lumps,  and  the  cowrie-shell.  The  government  of  Ashan- 
tee  is  a  despotism,  alleged  to  bo  controlled  by  an  aristocracy 
consisting  of  four  persons,  and  an  assembly  of  caboceers  or 
captains.  The  capital  is  Coomassie.  Population  estimated 
at  4,600,000. Adj.  and  inhab.  Ash'an'tee. 

AshapoO)  South  Carolina.    See  Ashepoo. 

Ashawa,  ash'a-wa,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Polk  oo., 
Iowa,  on  the  Des  Moines  <t  Fort  Dodge  Railroad,  8  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Des  Moines.     It  is  near  the  Des  Moines  River. 

Ash'away,  a  post-village  of  AVashington  co.,  R.I.,  in 
Hopkinton  township,  near  the  Charles  or  Pawcatack  River, 


4  J  miles  N.N.E.  of  Westerly,  and  10  miles  N.E.  of  Stonington, 
Conn.  It  has  a  church,  a  national  bank,  a  Huvings-batik,  a 
graded  school,  2  or  3  woollen-mills,  and  %  munul'uctory  of 
cordage  and  twine.     Pop.  612. 

Ash'borouKh,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co.,  Ind.,  8  milei 
S.  of  Brazil,  and  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Terro  liautc.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  mill,  and  a  coal-mine.  Pop.  13?, 

Ashboruugh,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Randolph  oo., 
N.C.,  is  25  miles  direct,  or  44  miles  S.  by  rail,  from  Gr«uni> 
boro'.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  6  churches,  2  seminaries, 
machine-  and  agriculiural-works,  kc.     Pop,  1200. 

Ashbourne,  or  Ashburn,  ash'brirn,  a  town  of  Eng- 
land, on  a  railway,  co.  and  12i  miles  N.W.  of  Derby.  Pop. 
2083.  The  town  is  neatly  built,  and  hns  a  large  church 
built  in  1240,  a  grammar-school,  and  some  manufactures. 

AMh'bournef  a  post-villngo  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  New  York  division  of  the  Reading  Railroad,  9  niilct 
by  rail  from  Philadelphia.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  400. 

Ash'burn,  a  po^t-town  of  Worth  co.,  Ga.,  85  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Macon.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and 
manufactures  of  lumber  and  naval  stores.     Pop.  700. 

Ashburn,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Pike  co..  Mo., 
near  the  Mississippi  River,  16  miles  by  rail  below  Hanni- 
bal, on  the  St.  Louis,  Keokuk  &  Northwestern  Rsiilroad. 

Ash'biirn,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  10 
miles  from  Wiiitby.     Pop.  150. 

Ash'burnhani,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 
in  Asliburnham  township,  on  the  Ashburnham  Railroad,  55 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Boston.  This  railroad  connects  it  with  the 
Fitchburg  Railroad,  and  is  3  miles  long.  It  contains  4 
churches,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  the  Gushing 
Academy,  and  a  large  chair- factory.  The  township  has  2 
cotton-mills,  and  contains  villages  named  North  Ashburn- 
ham  and  Ashburnham  Depot.     Total  pop.  (1890)  2074. 

Ash'burnham,  a  market-town  in  Peterborough  co., 
Ontario,  on  the  Otonabee,  opposite  Peterborough. 

Ash'burnham  Depot  (de'po),  a  post-villuge  of  Wor- 
cester CO.,  Mass.,  in  Ashburnham  townsuip,  on  the  Vermont 
A  Massachusetts  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Cheshire 
Railroad  and  of  the  Ashburnham  Railroad,  11  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Fitchburg.  It  has  6  chair-factories.  This  place  is  also 
called  South  Ashburnham. 

Ash'burton,  a  parliamentary  borough,  market-town, 
and  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Devon,  on  a  railway,  16  miles 
S.W.  of  Exeter.  Pop.  2335.  It  has  woollen-mills,  a  ven- 
erable church,  a  grammar-school,  and  numerous  charities. 

Ash'by,  a  post-township  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  about 
6  miles  N.  of  Fitchburg.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  lumber,  pails,  and  tubs.     Pop.  962. 

Ashby,  a  post-village  of  Grant  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  St. 
Paul,  Minneapolis  &  Manitoba  Railway,  51  miles  N.W.  of 
Sauk  Centre.     Pop.  200. 

Ashby,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.,  Va.,  28  miles 
from  Farmville.     It  has  a  general  store. 

Ashby>de-la-Zouch,  ash'bc-d6l-a-zooch',  a  town 
and  parish  of  England,  on  a  railway,  19  miles  N.W.  of 
Leicester.  Pop.  7302.  It  has  a  ruined  castle,  in  which 
Mary,  Queen  of  Scots,  was  once  confined  ;  an  ancient  church, 
a  grammar-school,  a  theatre,  salt-water  baths,  resorted  to 
by  visitors,  manufactures  of  hosiery,  hats,  and  bricks,  and 
iron-smelting-vvorks. 

Ash'by's,  a  sUition  in  Franklin  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  White 
Water  Valley  Railroad,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Harrison,  Ohio. 

Ash'bysburg,  a  post-village  of  Hopkins  co.,  Ky.,  on 
Green  River,  about  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  Evansville,  Ind.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  tobacco-factorj-, 

Ash'by's  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co., 
Ind.,  at  or  near  Ashby's  Station  on  the  Louisville,  New 
Albany  &  Chicago  Railroad,  14  miles  S.  of  CrawfordsviDe. 
It  is  in  Clark  township.     It  has  a  church  and  a  distillery. 

Ash  Camp,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  Ky. 

Ash'com,  a  station  in  Bedford  co..  Pa.,  on  the  railroad 
from  Mt.  Dallas  to  Bedford,  6  miles  E,  of  13edford. 

Ash  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rock  co.,  Minn.,  6  miles 
S.  of  Lu  Verne. 

Ash'croft,  a  post-town  of  Pitkin  co..  Col.,  12  miles  S.  of 
Aspen. 

Ashdalag,  &sh-d&-l&g',  written  also  Achdalagh,  a 
large  and  beautiful  village  in  Russian  Armenia,  about  36 
miles  N.W.  of  Erivan,  high  up  on  the  S.  slope  of  the  Ala- 
ghez  Mountains.     It  is  inhabited  exclusively  by  Christians. 

Ashdod,  a  village  of  Palestine.    See  Asdood. 

Ashe,  ash,  a  county  forming  the  N.W.  extremity  of 
North  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  300  square  miles.  It 
is  drained  by  the  New  River  and  its  North  Fork.  A  range 
called  Stone  Mountains  extends  along  the  N.W.  border  of 
this  county,  the  surface  of  which  is  diversified  hy  mountains 


ASH 


533 


ASII 


and  valleys  ami  is  mostly  covered  with  forests.  Agricul- 
ture is  tlie  principal  industrial  pursuit,  and  the  soil  produces 
grass,  Indian  corn,  Ac.  Capital,  Jefferson.  Pop.  in  1870, 
9573;  in  1880,  14,437;  In  1890,  15,628. 

A-She-IIoh,  Ajeho,  i'zh^h'ho',  or  Alcnuku,  &I- 
ohoo-koo',  a  city  of  Manchooria,  province  of  Kirin,  30  miles 
6.  of  the  river  Soongaree.  It  has  a  large  trade.  Lat.  45° 
30'  N.     Pop.  30,000. 

Ash'epoo',  or  Ash'apoo',  a  small  river  of  Colleton 
CO.,  S.C.,  which  flows  into  the  sea  through  an  estuary  called 
Coosaw  River. 

Ashepoo,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Colleton  co,,  S.C, 
on  tlie  Ashepoo  River,  and  on  the  Savannah  &  Charleston 
liailroad,  35  miles  W.  of  Charleston. 

Ash'ersville,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Ind. 

Ash'erville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mitchell  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Asherville  township,  on  Solomon  River,  8  miles  S.E.  of 
Beloit.     Pop.  of  the  township,  308. 

Asherville,  a  post- village  of  Stoddard  co..  Mo.,  8  miles 
from  Poplin  Railroad  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Asheville,  a  village  of  Alabama.     See  Ashvii.le. 

Ashevilte,  or  Ashville,  ash'vil,  a  flourishing  city 
and  railroad  centre,  capital  of  Buncombe  co.,  N.C.,  near 
French  Broad  River,  and  among  the  mountains  of  the  Blue 
^Kidge,  about  210  miles  (direct)  W.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  16 
I  churches,  4  banks,  a  female  college,  a  boys'  high  school, 
and  manufactures  of  cotton,  shoes,  ice,  tobacco,  flour,  <tc. 
Two  daily  and  2  weekly  newspiipers  are  published  here. 
Pop.  in  1880,  2016;  in  1890,  10,235. 

Ashewa,  a  hamlet  of  Iowa.    See  Asiiawa. 

Ash'iicid,  or  Ashfield  Plain,  a  post-village  and 
summer  resort  of  Franklin  co.,  Slass.,  32  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Bpringlield.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  a  fire-insurance 
company,  a  fine  public  library,  and  manufactures  of  lumber 
and  wooden-ware.     Pop.  of  Ashfield  township,  1190. 

Ash  Flat,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sharp  co.,  Ark.,  about  33 
miles  N.  of  Batesville.     Near  it  arc  several  churches. 

Ash'ford,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  12i  miles 
S.W.  of  Canterbury,  and  53  miles  by  rail  from  London.  Pop. 
8458.  The  principal  street,  nearly  half  a  mile  in  length,  is 
paved  and  lighted.  The  church,  once  collegiate,  is  large, 
and  has  some  superb  monuments. 

Ashford,  a  chapelry  of  England,  co.  of  Derby,  on  the 
Wey,  2  miles  N.W.  of  Bakewell.     Pop.  713, 

Ash'ford,  a  post- village  and  township  of  Windham  co.. 
Conn.,  32  miles  E.N.E.  of  Hartford.  It  has  4  churches  and 
the  Ashford  Academy.  General  Nathaniel  Lyon  was  born 
here.     Pop.  1241. 

Ashford,  a  post-village  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Ashford  township,  about  34  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Buffalo,  and 
9  miles  N.  of  Ellicottville.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufac- 
tures of  butter  and  cheese.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1891. 

Ashford,  a  post-village  of  Fond  du  Lac  co.,  Wis.,  in 
Ashford  township,  about  15  miles  S.  by  E.  from  Fond  du 
Lac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2006. 

Ash  Grove,  a  post-township  of  Iroquois  co..  111.,  about 
38  miles  N,  by  W.  of  Danville.  Pop.  1146,  It  contains  a 
village  named  Glenwood  or  Pitchin. 

Ash  Grove,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  111.     Pop,  1499. 

Ash  Grove,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Tippecanoe  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  <fc  Chicago  Railroad,  9 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Lafayette. 

Ash  Grove,  a  post- village  of  Davis  co.,  Iowa,  in  Marion 
township,  13  miles  N.W.  of  BloomCeld.     It  has  2  churches. 

Ash  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Green  co..  Mo.,  on  Sao 
River,  18  miles  by  rail  AV.N.W.  of  Springfield,  It  has  6 
churches,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
manufactures  of  lime  and  flour.     Pop.  in  1890,  1350, 

Ash  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Franiclin  co..  Neb. 

Ash  Grove,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  2^  miles 
from  Cambridge. 

Ash  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  Cairo  Branch, 
9  miles  E.  of  Poplar  Bluff  Junction.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  saw-mill.     Pop.  of  Ash  Hill  township,  491. 

Ash'ippun,  a  post-township  of  Dodge  co..  Wis.,  35 
miles  N.W.  of  Milwaukee,  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Rock 
River.  It  contains  a  small  village  named  Alderley.  The 
loil  is  fertile.     Pop.  1442. 

Ashkelon,  the  ancient  name  of  Ascalon. 

Ash'kum,  a  post-village  of  Iroquois  co..  111.,  in  Ashkum 
township,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  (Chicago  division), 
.73  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  a  high  school,  a  news- 
paper office,  2  churches,  3  grain  elevators,  a  steam  flouring- 
mill,  and  a  hanking  office.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1315. 

Ash'iand,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  Ohio, 
has  an  area  of  about  390  square  miles.     It  is  drained  by  the 


Black  Fork  and  Lake  Fork  of  the  Mohican  or  Walhonding 
River.  The  surface  is  hilly  in  the  southern  part  and  undu- 
lating in  the  other  parts  of  the  county.  Among  the  forest 
trees  the  hickory,  oak,  ash,  and  sugar-maple  abound.  The  soil 
is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  butter,  cheese, 
and  wool  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad  and  the  Pittsburg,  Fort 
Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad.  Capital,  Ashland.  Pop.  in 
1870,  21,933;  in  1880,  23,883;  in  1890,  22,22.3. 

Ashland,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Wisconsin,  bor- 
dering on  Lake  Superior.  It  is  drained  by  the  Naraakagon, 
the  White  River,  and  the  head-streams  of  the  Chippewa. 
The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly,  and  mor^tly  covered  with 
forests.  Among  the  indigenous  trees  of  this  county  is  the 
sugar-maple.  Lumber  is  one  of  its  principal  productions, 
and  iron  ore  is  abundant.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Wiscon- 
sin Central  Railroad,  which  unites  with  several  other  lines 
that  traverse  its  northern  borders.  Capital,  Ashland.  Pop. 
in  1870,  221;  in  1880,  1559;  in  1890,  20,063. 

Ashland,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clay  co.,  Ala.,  about 
20  miles  S.E.  of  Talladega.  It  is  situated  near  the  centre 
of  the  county.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  about  600. 

Ashland,  a  post- village  of  Newcastle  co.,  Del.,  on  the 
Wilmington  &  Western  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  by  N.  from 
Wilmington.  Here  are  large  flouriug-mills  and  several 
other  business  concerns. 

Ashland,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago 
<fc  Alton  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Springfield  Branch 
of  the  Ohio  <fc  Mississippi  Railroad,  21  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Springfield,  and  200  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  1045. 

Ashland,  a  post  hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  k  St.  Louis  Railroad,  4  miles  E.S.E. 
of  New  Castle.     It  has  a  church. 

Ashland,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  969. 

Ashland,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Clark  co.,  Kansas, 
167  miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  from  Wichita,  and  about  40 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Dodge  City.  It  has  3  churches,  3  banks, 
graded  public  schools,  a  manufactory  of  concrete  plaster, 
and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  459. 

Ashland,  a  thriving  city  and  railway  centre  of  Boyd 
CO.,  Ky.,  is  situated  on  the  Ohio  River,  near  the  mouth  of 
the  Big  Sandy,  in  a  rich  mineral,  oil,  and  lumber  region, 
146  miles  by  rail  above  Cincinnati.  It  has  9  churches,  3 
banks,  a  collegiate  institute,  extensive  steel  and  iron  plants, 
and  manufiictures  of  furniture,  glass,  bricks,  paint,  ice, 
shoes,  spokes  and  wheels,  Ac,  and  2  newspaper  offices. 
Pop.  in  1890,  4195. 

Ashland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Aroostook  co..  Me.,  in  Ash- 
land township,  on  the  Aroostook  River,  50  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Iloulton.  It  has  2  churches,  3  stores,  and  manufactures  of 
lumber  and  cheese.     Pop.  of  the  township,  445. 

Ashland,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Gunpowder  River  and  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  16 
miles  N.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  1  church,  about  60  houses, 
and  a  furnace  for  pig-iron. 

Ashland,  a  station  in  Queen  Anne  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Queen  Anne  &  Kent  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of  Centrcvillo. 

Ashland,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co  ,  Mass.,  in 
Ashland  township,  and  on  the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad, 
24  miles  W.S.W.  of  Boston,  and  20  miles  E.  of  Worcester. 
A  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.  Ashland  has  3 
churches,  manufactures  of  boots,  carriages,  paper,  Ac.  Pop. 
of  township,  2211.  It  is  also  a  terminus  of  thn  llopkinton 
Railroad,  which  affords  connection  with  Providiince. 

Ashland,  a  post-township  of  Newaygo  co.,  Mich.,  is 
drained  by  the  Muskegon  River,  and  intersected  by  the 
Grand  Rapids,  Newaygo  A  Lake  Shore  Railroad.  Ashland 
Post-Office  is  at  Grant  Station,  and  Ashland  Stiition,  on  that 
road  (with  Lake  Post-Office),  is  8  miles  S,  of  Newaygo 
Grain  and  lumber  are  exported.     Pop.  923. 

Ashland,  a  township  of  Dodge  co,,  Minn.:    Pop.  635. 

Ashland,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Benton  co.,  Miss.,  is 
15  miles  E.  of  Michigan  City,  a  station  on  the  Mississippi 
Central  Railroad.     It  has  a  newspaper  and  2  churches. 

Ashland,  a  post-village  of  Boone  co.,  Mo.,  in  Cedar 
township,  about  17  miles  N.N.W,  of  Jefferson  C»ty.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  plough-factory. 

Ashland,  a  post-town  of  Saunders  co..  Neb.,  on  Salt 
Creek,  2  miles  from  its  entrance  into  Platte  River,  and  on 
the  Burlington  A  Missouri  River  Railroad,  24  miles  N.E. 
of  Lincoln,  and  31  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Omaha.  It  has 
b  churches,  2  flour-mills,  and  a  machine-shop,  is  an  im- 
portant shipping-point,  and  has  valuable  stone-quarries. 
A  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.     Pop.  653. 

Ashland,  a  post-village  of  Grafton  co.,  N.U.,  in  Ash- 


Asn 


534 


ASH 


land  township,  on  the  Pemigewa»ot  Rirer,  and  on  tho 
BoatuD,  Concord  A  MontreAl  liailroad,  45  inilea  N.  of  Con- 
cord. It  has  2  ohurohes,  a  hotel,  a  bank,  and  manufooturos 
of  manila  paper,  leather-board,  and  woollen  goods.  The 
towniihip  is  bounded  on  the  N.£.  by  Squam  Lake.  Pop. 
ef  the  towDKhip  in  1880,  UOO;  in  18UU,  1193. 

Ashland«  a  stjition  in  Camden  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Camden 
A  Atinntio  Itailroad,  10  miles  S.K.  of  Philadelpliia. 

Ashland,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Ash- 
land townxhip,  about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Albany.  It  is  near 
the  Catskill  Mountains.  It  has  4  churches  and  a  cigar- 
faotory.     Pop.  of  the  township,  8.38. 

Aahland,  a  post-villnge,  capital  of  Ashland  co.,  0.,  on 
the  New  York,  Lake  Erie  &  Western  Railroad,  60  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Akron,  and  106  miles  N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It 
contains  a  national  bank,  4  newspaper  offices,  9  churches, 
a  college,  and  manufiictures  of  spring-bed  bottoms,  clover- 
hullers,  patent  medicines,  cignrs,  agricultural  implements, 
flour,  carriages,  paper  boxes,  staves,  pumps,  lumber,  jute, 
Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  3004  ;  in  1890,  3566. 

Ashlandf  a  city  of  Jackson  co.,  Oregon,  289  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Salem.  It  is  an  excellent  fruit-growing  region, 
and  hos  5  churches,  a  bank,  flour-  and  woollen-mills,  excel- 
lent graded  schools,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  1734. 

Ashland,  a  hamlet  of  Cambria  co..  Pa.,  6  miles  from 
Gallitzin  Station.  It  has  a  steam  saw-mill  and  a  shingle-mill. 

Ashland,  a  township  of  Clarion  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  758. 

Ashland,  a  post-borough  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Mabanoy  A  Shamokin  Branch  of  the  Philadelphia  &  Head- 
ing Railroad,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Pottsville,  119  miles  N.W. 
of  Philadelphia,  and  21  miles  W.  of  Tamaqua.  Its  pros- 
perity is  derived  from  rich  mines  of  onthracite  coal.  There 
are  in  the  vicinity  8  collieries,  some  of  which  are  very  ex- 
tensive. It  contains  10  churches,  a  national  bank,  4  large 
Echool-houses,  a  large  public  hall,  3  foundries,  3  machine- 
shops,  and  a  manufactory  of  railroad-cars.  One  daily  and 
3  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  It  has  a  planing- 
mill,  a  distillery,  a  soap-factory,  a  plough-factory,  <to.  Pop. 
in  1880,  6052;  in  1890,  7346. 

Ashland,  a  village  in  Scituate  township.  Providence 
CO.,  R.I.,  4  miles  from  Hope  Station,  has  a  church,  and 
manufactures  of  cotton  goods.     Pop.  118. 

Ashland,  a  village  of  Wayne  co.,  Tenn.,  on  Buffalo 
River,  about  70  miles  S.W.  of  Nashville.    It  has  2  churches. 

Ashland,  a  post-village  of  Hanover  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Richmond,  Fredericksburg  <fc  Potomac  Railroad,  17  miles 
N.  by  W.  from  Richmond.  It  contains  the  Randolph  Macon 
College,  5  churches,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  491. 

Ashland,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Ashland  co.,  Wis.,  on 
Lake  Superior,  at  the  junction  of  the  Wisconsin  Central 
Railroad  with  several  other  lines,  351  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mil- 
waukee. It  has  12  churches,  4  banks,  4  newspaper  offices, 
and  several  lumber-mills.     Pop.  9956. 

Ashland  City,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Cheatham  oo., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Cumberland  River,  about  30  miles  N.W.  of 
Nashville.     It  has  a  court-house  and  2  churches. 

Ash'ley,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Arkansas,  bor- 
dering on  Louisiana,  has  an  area  of  about  860  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Saline  and  Ouachita  Rivers,  and 
intersected  by  Bartholomew  Bayou  (navigable  by  steam- 
boats). The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level;  the 
soil  is  fertile.  A  large  proportion  of  the  county  is  wood- 
land. Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  live-stock  are  the  staple 
products.  Capital,  Hamburg.  Pop.  in  1870,  8042 ;  in  1880, 
10,156  ;  in  1890,  1.3,295. 

Ashley,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  HI.,  14  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Centralia,  and  22  miles  N.  of  Du  Quoin.  It 
has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  fruit  evaporators.     Pop.  in  1890,  1035. 

Ashley,  a  post-village  of  Gratiot  co.,  Mich.,  22  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Owosso.  It  has  a  church  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  500. 

Ashley,  a  post-village  of  Pike  co.,  Mo.,  6  miles  from 
Bowling  Green,  and  about  75  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It 
has  a  seminary,  4  churches,  a  steam  saw-mill,  a  flouring- 
mill,  Ac.     Pop.  368. 

Ashley,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Mcintosh  co.,  N.D., 
about  80  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bismarck.  It  has  a  church,  a 
bank,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  100. 

Ashley,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  C,  on  the 
Cleveland,  Columbus,  Cincinnati  <fc  Indianapolis  Railroad, 
34  miles  N.  of  Columbus,  and  24  miles  S.  by  W.  from 
Gallon.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  628. 

Ashley,  a  post-borough  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  in  the  Wyo- 
ming Valley,  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey  (Lehigh 
A  Susquehanna  division),  at  the  junction  of  the  Nanticoke 


Railroad,  3  miles  from  Wilkesbarre.  It  has  a  graded  schooL 
a  savings-bank,  3  churches,  and  some  workshops  of  the  rail, 
road  company.  Here  are  rich  mi^es  of  coal.  Ashley  is  sur- 
rounded  by  beautiful  scenery.  Engines  and  coal-cnrs  are 
manufactured  here.     Pop.  in  1880,  2799;  in  1890,  3192. 

Ashley,  a  river  of  South  Carolina,  rises  in  Colleton  oo. 
runs  southeastward,  and  enters  Charleston  Harbor  at  the 
city  of  Charleston.  This  city  is  on  a  point  of  land  formed 
by  the  confluence  of  the  Ashley  and  Cooper  Rivers, 

Ashley,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Uinta  co.,  Utah,  about 
130  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Salt  Lake  City. 

Ashley  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass., 
in  Sheffield  township,  on  the  Ilousatonio  Kiver  and  the 
Housatonic  Railroad,  35  miles  S.  of  IHttsficld.  It  has  n 
church,  a  hotel,  a  graded  school,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  2 
carriage-shops,  Ac. 

Ashley's  Fork,  a  tributary  of  Green  River,  Utah, 
enters  tho  river  on  the  loft,  about  25  miles  in  a  direct  line 
above  Du  Chesne  River. 

Ashley  Phos'phate,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berkeley  oo., 
S.C.,  on  the  South  Carolina  Railroad. 

Ash'leyville,  a  hamlet  of  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  ia  West 
Springfield  township,  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Connccticat 
River,  li  miles  N.W.  of  Chicopee. 

Ash'mont,  a  station  within  the  limits  of  Boston,  Mass., 
on  a  branch  of  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  5  miles  from  iU 
terminus  in  Boston. 

Ash'more,  a  post-village  of  Coles  co  ,  III.,  in  Ashmore 
township,  and  on  the  Indianapolis  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  37 
miles  W.  of  Terrc  Haute,  and  8  miles  E.  of  Charleston.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of 
carriages,  brick,  tile,  Ac.     Pop.  about  800. 

Asnmunein,  a  village  of  Egypt.    See  Oshmoosevn. 

Ash^petuek',  a  small  stream  of  Fairfield  co.,  in  the 
S.W.  part  of  Connecticut,  flows  into  Saugatuck  River. 

Asn  Point,  a  hamlet  of  Nemaha  co.,  Kansas,  about  25 
miles  E.  of  Marysvillo. 

Ash  Port,  a  post-village  of  Lauderdale  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  about  48  miles  N.  of  Memphis.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  'K)tton-gin. 

Ash  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co.,  0. 

Ash  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Richland  co.,  Wis.,  14  miies 
N.N.W.  of  Richland  Centre. 

Ashruff,  ftshVuf,  Ashraf,  UshVir,  or  Ushniff,  iich'- 
rCr,  a  decayed  town  of  Persia,  province  of  Mazandcran,  50 
miles  W.  of  Astrabad.  It  contains  about  500  houses,  thinly 
scattered  through  an  extensive  jungle.  Lat.  36°  41'  46" 
N. ;  Ion.  53°  33'  53"  E. 

Ashtabu'la,  the  most  northeastern  county  of  Ohio, 
borders  on  Pennsylvania.  Area,  about  720  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake  Erie,  is  intersected  by 
Grand  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Ashtabula  and  Con- 
neaut  Rivers  and  Pymatuning  and  Rock  Creeks.  The  sur- 
face is  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  by  several  low  "lake 
ridges"  and  terraces.  Forests  of  the  ash,  beech,  elm,  white 
oak,  hickory,  sugar-maple,  Ac,  cover  nearly  one-fourth  of 
the  county.  The  soil  contains  much  clay,  is  fertile,  and 
adapted  to  pasturage.  Hay,  oats,  butter,  cheese,  wool,  and 
cattle  are  .the  staple  products.  Devonian  shale  underlies 
the  greater  part  of  the  soil.  Among  its  minerals  is  Berca 
grit,  a  sandstone  good  for  grindstones  and  for  buildings. 
'Phis  county  is  intersected  by  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan 
Southern  Railroad  and  the  Ashtabula,  Youngstown  A  Pitts- 
burg Railroad.  Capital,  Jefferson.  Pop.  in  1870,  32,517; 
in  1880,  37,139;  in  1890,  43,655. 

Ashtabula,  a  small  river  of  Ohio,  runs  northwestward 
through  Ashtabula  co.,  and  enters  Lake  Erie  at  Harbor,  3 
miles  N.  of  the  village  of  Ashtabula.  At  its  mouth  is  a 
light-house. 

Ashtabula,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barnes  co.,  N.D.,  about 
18  miles  N.  of  Valley  City. 

Ashtabula,  a  city  and  important  railroad  centre  of 
Ashtabula  co.,  0.,  on  the  river  of  the  same  name,  3  miles 
from  Lake  Erie,  54  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cleveland,  and  60 
miles  N.  of  Youngstown.  It  has  2  national  banks,  1  other 
bank,  6  newspaper  offices,  14  churches,  and  a  high  school ; 
also  a  rolling-mill,  tool-works,  rubber-works,  hide-  and 
leather-works,  a  machine-shop,  2  shaft-factories,  and  2 
manufactories  of  sash,  blinds,  and  doors.  Pop.  in  1880, 
4445;  in  1890,  8.338. 

Ashtaroth,  ash'ta-roth,  an  ancient  city  of  Syria,  named 
in  Scripture  as  the  capital  of  "  Og,  king  of  Bashan,"  iden- 
tified with  the  Tel  el  Anhtereh,  pashalic  of  Damascus,  in 
the  Hauran,  about  60  miles  S.S.W.  of  Damascus. 

Ash'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clark  co.,  Ark.,  about  20 
miles  S.  of  Arkadelphia. 

Ashton,  a  post-village  of  Lee  co.,  111.,  in  Ashton  town- 


ASH 


535 


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ihip,  84  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Chicago,  and  14  miles  E.  of  Dixon. 
f  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  4  grain  cleva- 
I  tors,  a  steam  flouring-mill,  and  stone-quarries.  Pop.  in 
;  1890,  680. 

Ashton,  a  post-town  of  Osceola  co.,  Iowa,  66  miles  by 
rail  N.E.  of  Sioux  City.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  manu- 
factures of  dairy  products,  boots  and  shoes,  Ac,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  500. 

AshtOD)  a  post-village  of  Osceola  co.,  Mich.,  76  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  a  church,  2  stores,  a 
saw-mill,  and  2  hotels.     Pop.  about  120. 

Ashton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarke  co.,  Mo.,  20  miles  by 
rail  W.N.  W.  of  Alexandria.   It  has  a  church  and  a  distillery. 

Ashton,  a  post-village  of  Sherman  co..  Neb.,  137  miles 
by  rail  W.  by  N.  from  Lincoln.    It  has  a  church.    Pop.  200. 

Ashton,  a  village  of  Carbon  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh 
Coal  <t  Navigation  Company's  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of 
Mauch  Chunk.     It  has  2  churches.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Ashton,  a  post- village  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  10  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Providence.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  cotton- 
mill.     Pop.  759. 

Ashton,  a  post-town  of  Spink  co.,  S.D.,  32  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Aberdeen.  It  has  2  churches,  2  banks,  and  2 
newspaper  oflBces.     Pop.  600. 

Ashton,  a  hamlet  of  San  Augustine  co.,  Tex.,  about  140 
miles  N.N.B.  of  Houston.     It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

Ashton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dane  co.,  AVis.,  about  11  miles 
N.W.  of  Madison. 

Ashton,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
river  Jock,  23  miles  S.AV.  of  Ottawa.  It  contains  5  stores, 
2  hotels,  a  foundry,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  250. 

Ashton-in-Mack'eriield,  or  Ashton-le-Wil- 
lows,  a  village  of  Lancashire,  England,  2  miles  N.AV.  of 
Newton.     It  has  coal-mines  and  cotton-works.     Pop.  7465. 

Ashton-undcr-Lyne,  a  parliamentary  borough, 
manufacturing  town,  and  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Lancas- 
ter, on  the  Tame,  6i  miles  by  railway  E.N.E.  of  Manches- 
ter. The  town  is  mostly  ill  built,  but  it  has  a  large  church 
of  the  time  of  Henry  V.,  a  good  market-house,  extensive 
public  baths,  workhouse,  hospital,  3  banks,  a  savings-bank, 
various  schools  and  charities,  assembly-rooms,  a  theatre,  and 
mechanics'  institute,  with  a  large  Independent  chapel,  and 
places  of  worship  for  Methodists,  Baptists,  Unitarians,  Cath- 
olics, Moravians,  and  Jews.  It  is  well  situated  for  manu- 
facturing industry,  coal  being  plentiful,  and  canals  from 
Manchester,  Uuddersficld,  and  Derbyshire  meeting  in  the 
parish.  The  principal  manufactures  are  cotton-yarn  spin- 
ning, and  weaving  calicoes  and  ginghams  by  the  power- 
loom.  Ashton-under-Lyno  sends  one  member  to  the  House 
of  Commons.  The  increase  of  the  wealth  and  population 
of  this  town  within  the  last  half-century  has  been  very 
remarkable.     Pop.  in  1881,  37,040;  in  1891,  40,494. 

Ashuap^mouchouan',  or  Cha'mou^chou^an',  a 
large  river  of  Quebec,  rises  in  the  highlands  near  Mistas- 
sini  Lake,  and,  running  S.E.,  enters  the  W.  side  of  Lake 
St.  John,  lat.  48°  39'  N.,  Ion.  72°  10'  W.  Length,  about  170 
miles.  A  little  above  the  92d  mile  it  divides  into  two 
branches.  One  of  these  comes  from  the  N.N.E.,  and,  being 
the  larger,  is  called  the  Chief  River.  The  other  branch 
retains  the  name  of  the  Ashuapmouchouan. 

Ashuapmouchouan  ("the  place  where  the  elk  is 
laid  wait  for"),  a  lake  of  Quebec,  150  miles  W.  of  Lake  St. 
John.  Lat.  49°  27'  N.;  Ion.  73°  55'  W.  Length,  10  miles; 
average  breadth,  4  miles.  It  receives  the  waters  of  several 
lakes,  and  has  its  outlet  in  the  river  Ashuapmouchouan. 

Ashuclot,  ash'yu-e'lot  or  ash'we-lot,  a  river  of  New 
Hampshire,  runs  southwestward  through  Cheshire  co.,  and 
enters  the  Connecticut  River  about  18  miles  S.W.  of  Keene. 
Its  length  is  nearly  75  miles. 

Ashuelot,  a  post-village  of  Cheshire  co.,  N.H.,  on  the 
Ashuelot  River,  15  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Keene.  It  has 
a  church,  a  hotel,  and  manufactures  of  blankets  and  beaver 
cloth. 

Ash  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pawnee  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Walnut  township,  10  miles  from  Lamed, 

Ash'ville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Ala., 
about  37  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Birmingham.  It  has  3  churches, 
an  academy,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  300. 

Ashvilic  (post-office,  Harmony),  a  village  of  Chautau- 
qua CO.,  N.Y.,  7  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Jamestown,  and 
20  miles  N.E.  of  Corry,  Pa.  It  has  3  churches  and  several 
mills.    Pop.  350. 

Ashville,  a  post-village  of  Pickaway  co.,  0.,  21  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high 
school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  500. 

Ashville,  a  post-borough  of  Cambria  co..  Pa.,  9  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Cresson.    It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  239. 


AshHvanip'i,  or  Ham'ilton,  a  river  of  Labrador,  hae 
its  source  near  the  head-waters  of  the  east  branch  of  the 
Moisic,  and,  after  a  course  of  600  miles,  enters  the  Atlantic 
through  Esquimaux  Bay  or  Hamilton  Inlet.  At  its  mouth 
it  is  nearly  IJ  miles  wide.  About  100  miles  up  occur  the 
great  falls.  Six  miles  above  the  falls  the  river  suddenly 
contracts  to  about  100  yards,  then  rushing  in  a  continuous 
rapid  again  contracts  to  a  breadth  of  50  yards  ere  it  pre- 
cipitates itself  over  the  falls,  below  which  its  course  for 
about  30  miles  lies  between  walls  of  rock  that  rise  some- 
times to  the  height  of  300  feet  on  either  side.  This  fall  is 
reported  to  exceed  in  height  the  Falls  of  Niagara. 

Ash'wood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Maury  co.,  Teiin.,  6  miles 
W.  of  Columbia.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Ashwood  Station,  apost-hamlet,  Wilkinson  CO.,  Miss., 
on  the  West  Feliciana  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Woodville. 

Asia,  i'she-a  (not  d'zhe-a),  (Fr.  Asie,  i^zee' ;  Ger.  Aaien, 
i'ze-§n ;  Lat.,  It.,  Sp.,  and  Port.,  Asia,  k'sc-L),  the  largest  of 
the  great  divisions  of  the  globe.  Its  mainland  is  bounded 
N.  by  the  Arctic  Ocean,  S.  by  the  Indian  Ocean,  E.  by  the 
North  Pacific,  W.  by  Europe,  and  S.W.  by  Africa.  Its 
greatest  length  is  from  the  Dardanelles  to  Behring's  Strait, 
a  distance  of  about  7500  miles;  its  greatest  breadth  from 
Cape  Severo-Vostochnoi,  in  Siberia,  to  Cape  Romania,  at  the 
S.  extremity  of  the  Malay  Peninsula,  about  5160  miles. 
Asia  is  joined  to  Europe  throughout  most  of  its  western 
limit,  being  in  part  separated  from  it  by  an  arbitrary  line 
formed  by  the  Ural  Mountains ;  it  is  connected  with  Africa 
by  the  Isthmus  of  Suez.  On  the  E.  it  is  separated  from 
America  by  Behring's  Strait,  where  the  two  continents  ap- 
proach within  36  miles  of  each  other.  As  viewed  on  a  globe, 
its  general  shape  is  roughly  triangular.  The  coasts  are 
irregular,  especially  on  the  S.  and  E.,  where  it  is  indented  by 
immense  bays  and  gulfs,  forming  projections  of  correspond- 
ing magnitude.  The  principal  of  the  former  are  the  Persian 
Gulf,  Arabian  Sea,  Bay  of  Bengal,  and  Gulf  of  Siam,  on 
the  S.  coast ;  the  Gulf  of  Tonquin,  Yellow  Sea.,  Sea  of  Japan, 
Gulf  of  Tartary,  Sea  of  Okhotsk,  and  Sea  of  Anadeer,  on 
the  E.  coast.  On  the  N.,  the  indentations  are  equally  nu- 
merous, but,  with  the  exception  of  the  Gulf  of  Obi,  not  of  the 
same  extent.  The  more  remarkable  peninsulas  are  those  of 
Hindostan,  Malacca,  Indo-China,  Corea,  and  Anadeer,  on  the 
S.  and  E.  coasts.  The  principal  islands  and  island  groups 
within  the  limits  of  this  division  of  the  globe  are,  on  the  S, 
and  E.,  the  Laccadives,  Maldives,  the  Chagos  Archipelago, 
Ceylon,  the  Andaman  and  Nicobar  Islands ;  the  Mergui 
Archipelago,  Sumatra,  Java,  Borneo,  Celebes,  and  the  Sunda 
and  Banda  Islands;  the  Moluccas,  Sooloo  Islands,  Philippines, 
the  island  of  Hainan,  Formosa,  Chusan,  Hong-Kong,  the 
Japanese  Empire,  Saghalin  (or  Saghalicn),  and  the  Koorils; 
on  the  N.,  Kotelnoi,  Fadievskoi,  New  Siberia,  and  (accord- 
ing to  Humboldt)  Nova  Zembla,  What  is  called  "  Wallace's 
line"  divides  the  islands  of  Southeastern  Asia  from  those  of 
Australasia  and  Polynesia, — a  line  nearly  coinciding  with 
the  meridian  of  120°  E.  Ion.,  to  the  westward  of  which  the 
plants  and  animals  are  for  the  most  part  of  a  distinctly 
Asiatic  tj'pe.  The  mainland  of  Asia  is  comprised  between 
lat.  1°  15'  and  78°  20'  N.,  and  Ion.  27°  E.  and  170°  W.  If 
its  islands  are  included,  its  southern  limit  will  extend  to 
lat.  11°  S.,  the  southernmost  point  of  Rottee,  a  small  island 
S.  of  Timor.  The  countries  comprised  within  its  limits  are 
Asiatic  Turkey,  Arabia,  Persia,  Beloochistan,  Afghanis- 
tan, India,  Burmah,  Siam,  Malacca,  China,  Japan,  Man- 
chooria,  Corea,  Mongolia,  Thibet,  Tartary,  and  Asiatic 
Russia :  to  these,  and  to  the  islands  above  enumerated,  the 
reader  is  referred  for  details. 

The  vast  extent  of  Asia,  the  diversity  of  its  surface,  and 
its  physical  structure,  render  it  difficult  to  give  a  view  of  its 
general  conformation  at  once  accurate  and  intelligible.  It 
may,  however,  be  characterized  generally,  notwithstanding 
its  enormous  elevations,  as  a  flat  country,  its  mean  level 
above  the  sea  not  exceeding  1150  feet,  while  a  third  part  has 
not  more  than  255  feet  of  mean  height.  The  whole  of  that 
portion  lying  N.W.  of  the  Thian-Shan  Mountains  and  N. 
of  the  Altai  is  one  prodigious  plain  or  tract  of  lowland,  one- 
third  larger  than  Europe,  the  elevation  of  which  is  little 
more  than  from  200  to  1200  feet.  The  southern  portion, 
which  stretches  along  the  Indian  Ocean,  is  composed,  like- 
wise, of  comparatively  level  regions ;  so  is  also  a  great  part 
of  the  interior,  where  the  plateaus  are  from  2000  to  4000 
feet  above  the  sea.  It  may  be  added  that  the  heights  ot 
several  plateaus  of  Central  Asia  have  been  greatly  over-es- 
timated, and  that  there  is  little  doubt  that,  if  carefully  meas- 
ured, most  of  them  would  be  found  to  fall  far  short  of  the 
heights  at  present  assigned  them ;  while  no  small  part  of  the 
continent  is  actually  below  sea-level.  The  extensive  country 
N.  and  £.  of  the  Caspian  Sea,  and  around  the  Sea  of  Aral^ 


ASI 


536 


ASI 


forms  a  vMt  concftvity  of  this  chareat«r.  The  prodigious 
mountain-sytteuiB  of  Asia  are  no  lee*  remarkable  than  its 
TBSt  plains  and  deserU.  With  the  exception  of  the  Ural 
UounUiins,  none  of  any  note  occur  N.  of  lat.  60°  and 
W.  of  Ion.  I2U°  E. ;  but  E.  of  that  meridian  the  Aldan 
Mountains  and  the  Yablonoi  and  Stanovoi  attain  a  con- 
■idenvble  elevation.  S.  of  lat.  50°  and  N.  of  lat.  31°  are 
to  bo  found  the  principal  mountain-systems  of  Asia,  con- 
•i»ting  of  four  great  ranges,  nearly  parallel  to  one  another 
and  to  the  equiitor;  the  largest  extending,  in  an  almost  un- 
broken line,  under  the  various  names  of  TauruF,  Elbroor., 
llinduo-Koosh.  and  Kuen-Lun,  from  the  Bosporus  to  China 
nroiH)r,  E.  of  the  lOOth  meridian,  forming,  as  it  were,  the 
Diickbtme  of  the  continent.  The  subsidiary  systems  lie  at 
furious  angles  to  the  equator ;  but,  generally  speaking,  they 
run  })arallcl  to  the  coasts,  the  greater  number,  however, 
having  a  direction  S.E.  to  N.W.,  as  in  Arabia,  Persia,  on  the 
eoast  of  Malabar,  in  the  peninsula  of  Burmab  and  Malacca; 
while  on  the  coast  of  Coromandel,  in  Northern  India, 
China,  Manchooria,  and  N.E.  Siberia,  the  general  direction 
is  S.W.  to  N.E. 

The  great  mountain-systems  of  Central  Asia  are  the  Him- 
alaya, the  Altai,  the  Thian-Shan  or  Celestial  Mountains, 
and  the  Kuen-Lun,  all,  roughly  speaking,  parallel  to  the 
equator,  and  all  otfshoots  of  the  great  Pamcer  plateau  or 
steppe,  which  from  its  height  and  magnitude  has  been  called 
the  dome  or  roof  of  the  world.  This  region,  as  well  as 
Thibet,  has  a  general  elevation  of  over  15,000  feet.  The 
Himalaya  range,  the  general  course  of  which  is  from  N.W. 
to  S.E.,  consitits  of  three  parts,  the  llindoo-Koosh  or  Indian 
Caucasus,  which  extends  from  the  Paropamisan  range,  in  Af- 
ghanistan, to  Cashmere,  the  Himalaya,  which  stretches  from 
the  Valley  of  Cashmere  to  Bootan,  with  a  semicircular  inflec- 
tion, and,  lastly,  the  mountains  of  Bootan  and  Assam.  The 
highest  summit  yet  ascertained  with  certainty  is  that  of  Mt. 
Everest,  the  highest  mountain  in  the  world, — over  29,000  feet 
in  height.  There  are  more  than  40  rising  above  21,000  feet. 
Most  of  the  passes  are  above  15,000  feet  in  height,  and  some 
of  them  19,000.  The  line  of  perpetual  congelation  is  at  an 
elevation,  on  the  S.  side,  of  12,981  feet,  on  the  N.  side,  of 
16,620  feet;  a  difference  which  is  supposed  to  be  owing  to 
the  greater  serenity  of  the  sky  on  the  N.  side,  the  less  fre- 
quent formation  of  snow  in  very  cold  dry  air,  and  the  radi- 
ation of  heat  from  the  neighboring  plains,  which  are  much 
nearer  than  those  on  the  S.  Vegetation  is  prolonged  on  the 
Himalayas  to  the  height  of  upwards  of  18,000  feet.  The 
system  of  the  Altai  surrounds  the  sources  of  the  Irtish  and 
Yenisei.  The  Thian-Shan  or  Celestial  Mountains  run 
nearly  along  the  42d  parallel  of  N.  lat.,  rising  in  Tartary, 
and  terminating  in  the  Desert  of  Gobi,  in  Mongolia.  Little 
is  known  of  the  country  between  the  Thian-Shan  Moun- 
tains and  those  of  the  Altai, — a  space  about  400  miles  in 
breadth.  The  Kuen-Lun  Mountains  run  nearly  parallel 
with  the  former  range,  and  in  some  parts  with  the  Hindoo- 
Koosh  also.  They  rise  a  little  to  the  E.  of  the  100th  degree 
of  E.  longitude,  and,  under  various  names  of  Hindoo-Koosh, 
Elbrooz,  and  Taurus,  running  W.  and  N.W.,  closely  skirt 
the  Caspian  and  Black  Seas  on  the  S.,  terminating  to  the 
W.  of  the  latter,  thus  forming,  with  the  exception  of  the 
American  Cordillera,  the  longest  line  of  elevation  on  the 
globe.  These  and  other  chains  will  be  found  noticed  in  the 
articles  on  the  countries  in  which  they  occur,  and  more  fully 
described  under  their  own  names. 

The  continent  of  Asia  has  few  volcanoes  in  a  state  f'f 
activity,  though  its  islands  are  crowded  with  them.  In 
Western  Asia  the  volcano  of  Demavend,  70  miles  S.  of  the 
8.  shore  of  the  Caspian,  was  until  lately  active.  The  table- 
land of  Western  Asia  was  at  one  time  tbeseat  of  intense  com- 
motion, now  nearly  extinct.  In  the  table-land  of  Eastern 
Asia  occurs  the  Thian-Shan,  where  there  are  two  active 
volcanoes.  In  Kamchatka,  however,  there  are  no  fewer 
than  9  volcanoes  in  a  state  of  activity.  Earthquakes  are 
frequent  and  violent  in  many  parts  of  Asia.  The  places 
most  subject  to  these  visitations  are  Asia  Minor,  the  Persian 
Mountains,  the  regions  between  Lake  Baikal  and  the  vol- 
cano of  Ilo-Cheoo,  in  the  S.E.  of  Tartary,  the  province  of 
Cutch,  in  India,  and  especially  the  great  archipelagoes. 

The  table-lands  of  Asia,  like  all  the  other  physical  fea- 
tures of  that  vast  continent,  are  gigantic.  That  of  Iran, 
in  Persia,  occupies  an  area  of  170,000  square  miles,  and  is 
generally  from  4000  to  7000  feet  above  the  sea ;  while  that 
of  Thibet  comprises  760,000  square  miles.  The  table-lands 
of  the  interior  are  frequently  cold  and  sterile,  snow  falling 
through  every  month  of  the  year.  Among  the  less  extensive 
table-lands  are  those  of  the  Punjab,  of  Central  India,  of  the 
Deccan,  and  of  Mysore.  Nearly  the  whole  of  Northwestern 
Asia  is  one  vast  plain  or  undulating  surface,  occupying  up- 


wards of  7,000,000  square  miles.  The  great  plain  or  »tcppe 
of  Ishim,  in  Siberia,  extends  from  the  E.  slope  of  the  S. 
extremity  of  the  Ural  Mountains,  across  the  Tobol,  to  the 
Irtivh,  a  distance  of  about  700  miles.  It  is  covered  in  ]iart 
with  dense  forests.  Next  to  this  plain  is  the  8tcp]ie  of 
Baraba,  occupying  the  space  between  the  Irtii^h  and  the 
Upper  Obi.  To  the  S.  of  these  steppes  is  another,  several 
hundred  miles  in  extent,  lying  between  the  Altai  Mountains 
and  the  E.  confines  of  Tartiiry,  and  including  Lake  Ttn- 
ghecE.  In  the  E.  of  China  there  is  an  alluvial  ])lain  of 
210,000  square  miles,  most  of  it  productive  and  liiKhly  cul- 
tivated ;  and  in  Hindostan  there  are  plains  that  extend  2U00 
miles  along  the  S.  slope  of  the  Himalayas.  The  steppes  of 
Asia  generally  consist  of  rich  pastures,  intermingled  with 
woods,  barren  sands,  lakes,  pools,  and  streams  of  salt  and 
bitter  waters.  Deserts  are  numerous  in  Asia,  and  many  of 
them  of  great  extent.  The  most  remarkable  is  tlmt  of  the 
Great  Gobi  or  Shamo  (i.e.,  "  sea  of  sand"),  its  whole  length 
being  probably  not  under  1200  miles.  This  is  a  portion  uf 
the  great  Han-hai,  or  "  dried-up  sea"  of  Central  and  Eastern 
Asia,  a  vast  elevated  basin,  whose  waters  do  not  reach  the 
ocean.  It  is  regarded  as  the  bed  of  a  former  inland  fva. 
The  great  salt  desert  of  Irak-Ajemee,  in  Persia,  is  about  :{90 
miles  in  length  and  210  miles  in  breadth.  There  are,  besides, 
other  deserts  in  this  division  of  the  globe,  the  whole  occupy- 
ing three-tenths  of  its  entire  surface. 

Asia  contains  some  of  the  largest  rivers  in  the  world. 
Those  in  Western  Asia  are  the  Euphrates  and  Tigris ;  in 
Eastern  Asia,  the  Amoor,  the  Hoang-Ho,  the  Yang-tse- 
Kiang,  the  Uong-Kiang,  and  the  Sang-Koi  or  Tonquin; 
in  Northern  Asia,  the  Obi,  the  Irtish,  the  Yenisei,  the 
Lena,  the  Indighirka,  and  the  Kolyma;  in  Southern  Asia, 
the  Indus  and  its  confluents,  the  Bens,  Ravce,  Jhylutn, 
Chenaub,  and  Sutlej  ;  the  Ganges,  the  Brahmapootra,  the 
Irrawaddy,  the  Salwin,  the  Menam,  and  the  Mc-Kong.  Some 
of  the  basins  of  these  rivers  are  of  vast  extent.  The  river 
of  greatest  length  is  the  Yang-tfe-Kiang,  the  entire  length 
of  which  is  2900  miles ;  that  of  the  Yenisei  is  2500  miles. 

The  largest  lake  or  inland  sea  of  Asia  is  the  Caspian  ;  it 
has  no  outlet,  is  about  750  miles  in  length  from  N.  to  S., 
and  about  230  miles  in  breadth.  Next  in  extent  is  the  Sea 
of  Aral.  The  other  principal  lakes  to  the  E.  are  Lake 
Balkash  or  Tenghcez,  and  Lake  Baikal,  iu  Siberia.  There 
are,  besides,  a  number  of  smaller  lakes  dispersed  over  the 
continent.  A  great  many  of  them  have  no  outlets,  and  are 
consequently  salt. 

All  the  precious  and  useful  minerals  are  found  in  Asia. 
Diamonds  are  found  in  Bundelcund,  the  Deccan,  the  Ural 
Mountains,  Borneo,  Ceylon,  and  other  places.  Rock-crys- 
tals, amethysts,  rubies,  turquoises,  cornelians,  lapis-lazuli, 
topazes,  and  other  precious  stones  are  found  in  many  dill'er- 
ent  quarters.  Gold  is,  perhaps,  most  abundant  in  the  Altai 
chain.  Silver  is  a  product  of  China,  Asiatic  Russia,  and 
the  Japanese  and  Ottoman  Empires;  mercury,  of  China, 
Thibet,  Japan,  India,  arid  Ceylon.  Tin  is  met  with  over 
all  the  Malay  peninsula,  in  Burmah,  China,  and  some  of 
the  islands  of  the  Malay  Archipelago;  copper  and  iron 
in  Japan,  Russia,  Thibet,  Hindostan,  Persia,  and  Tur- 
key ;  in  most  of  which  countries  lead  also  is  found.  Coal 
has  been  discovered  in  Northern  China,  in  Bengal,  and  in 
some  of  the  islands,  and  doubtless  exists  in  many  localities 
not  yet  explored.  Salt  is  very  generally  diffused  over  the 
continent,  few  extensive  districts  being  altogether  destitulo 
of  salt  lakes  or  springs ;  but  our  knowledge  of  the  distri- 
bution of  the  mineral  wealth  of  Asia,  as  well  as  on  many 
other  points,  is  still  exceedingly  imperfect. 

Asia,  from  its  vast  extent,  stretching  from  the  polar  circle 
to  the  equator,  possesses  every  variety  of  climate,  from  ex- 
cessive heat  to  the  most  intense  cold.  This  variety  of  cli- 
mate is  further  increased  by  local  influences,  particularly  by 
the  great  heights  of  its  table-lands  and  mountains,  by  its 
comparatively  compact  configuration,  and  by  the  great  ex- 
tension of  land  it  presents  towards  the  pole.  Beyond  the 
66th  parallel  of  N.  latitude,  which  includes  all  Siberia,  the 
ground  is  permanently  frozen,  in  some  places  to  a  great 
depth,  and  a  degree  of  cold  exceeding  90°  below  the  freez- 
ing-point is  here  of  annual  occurrence  ;  while  in  other  parts 
of  the  same  region,  such  as  Tobolsk  and  Irkootsk,  the  sum- 
mers are  equal  to  those  of  Berlin  and  Cherbourg,  but  are 
succeeded  by  winters  of  great  severity.  The  violent  winds 
called  typhoons  prevail  in  Southeastern  Asia  between  lat. 
4°  and  40°  N.,  their  sphere  of  action  diminishing  westerly 
to  a  space  included  between  13°  and  26°  N.  lat.  These 
destructive  winds  blow  at  all  seasons,  but  rarely  between 
May  and  December.  The  monsoons,  which  also  prevail  in 
this  quarter  of  the  world,  extend  into  Asia,  from  their  cen- 
tral region  in  the  Indian  Ocean,  as  far  as  lat.  36°  N.^  io- 


ASI 


537 


ASO 


eluding  China,  all  Hindostan,  the  Punjab,  and  part  of 
Thibet.  They  blow  regularly  from  the  S.W.  from  April  to 
October,  and  from  the  N.E.  from  October  to  April ;  the 
change  being  accompanied  by  heavy  rain  and  violent  storms 
of  thunder  and  lightning.  The  rainless  regions  of  Asia  are  of 
vast  extent;  one  of  these  extends  from  Delhi,  in  Northern 
Hindostan,  to  near  Kerchinsk,  in  Southeastern  Siberia,  a 
distance  of  about  2500  miles,  with  a  width  of  about  1200 
miles.  It  thus  includes  part  of  Thibet,  the  great  desert  of 
Gobi,  and  a  part  of  Mongolia, — a  space  estimated  to  com- 
prise 2,000,000  square  miles.  The  other  is  a  continuation 
of  the  vast  rainless  region  which,  commencing  on  the  borders 
of  Morocco,  terminates  in  Beloochistan,  of  which  it  includes 
the  greater  part,  with  a  large  portion  of  Persia,  the  N.  part 
of  Arabia,  and  the  S.  of  Syria. 

Ver/elalion. — The  vegetation  of  Asia  is  as  various  as  its 
climate.  The  extreme  S.  portions  only  present  all  the  char- 
acteristics of  tropical  vegetation.  A  remarkable  peculiarity 
of  the  flora  of  Eastern  Asia  is  the  prevalence  of  tropical 
types  throughout  the  temperate  region.  No  cereals  are 
cultivated  in  Asia  N.  of  about  lat.  62°  N.  The  tea-plant  is 
cultivated  in  China  and  Cochin  China,  between  lat.  17°  and 
35°  N.,  Ion.  94°  and  120°  E.,  which  includes  Assam :  but  it 
is  most  successful  between  the  parallels  of  25°  and  33°  N. 
It  is  also  cultivated  in  Japan,  and  in  various  parts  of  India. 
Cotton  is  grown  in  India,  Burmah,  Siam,  and  in  China. 
Sugar  and  Indigo  are  produced  in  India  and  in  the  other 
countries  to  the  E.  Ceylon  and  Java  are  famed  for  their 
coffee.  Cinnamon  luxuriates  in  Ceylon,  and  is  grown  in 
Annam  ;  and  nutmegs,  cloves,  and  pepper  are  products  of 
the  Malay  Archipelago.  In  the  latter,  also,  the  sago-palm 
attains  the  highest  perfection.  The  oak,  walnut,  box,  cedar, 
cocoa-palm,  rattan,  bamboo,  teak,  poon,  sal,  and  toon-tree 
are  among  the  many  useful  products  of  Asia. 

The  quadrupeds  of  the  continent  and  islands  include  the 
elephant,  rhinoceros,  camel,  lion,  tiger,  leopard,  panther, 
hyena,  tapir,  wolf,  bear,  wild  boar,  hog,  dog,  antelope,  deer, 
chamois,  stag,  ox,  buffalo,  horse,  goat,  sheep,  wild  ass,  mon- 
key, ape,  fox,  hare,  squirrel,  jackal,  elk,  marten,  cat,  yak, 
wild  cat,  and  weasel.  The  Asiatic  lion  is  confined  to  a 
comparatively  limited  region.  The  tiger  has  its  chief  hab- 
itation in  the  sultry  jungles  of  Bengal  and  the  islands  of 
Java  and  Sumatra,  but  it  is  found  as  far  N.  as  the  Caspian 
and  the  Altai  Mountains.  Among  the  most  remarkable  of 
the  Asiatic  bears  are  the  Syrian  bear,  the  Thibet  bear,  and 
the  sun-bear  of  Sumatra.  The  buifalo  is  a  native  of  China, 
India,  Borneo,  and  the  Sunda  Islands.  The  goat  of  Cash- 
mere and  that  of  Angora  produce  excellent  wool.  Among 
reptiles  are  crocodiles,  the  cobra  de  capcUo  and  other  poi- 
sonous serpents,  the  python,  tortoises,  chameleons,  Ac. 
The  number  and  variety  of  birds  in  Asia  are  too  great  to 
allow  of  either  enumeration  or  description ;  they  include 
eagles,  vultures,  quails,  pheasants,  starlings,  herons,  storks, 
cranes,  swans,  wild  ducks,  pelicans,  nightingales,  <fcc.  In 
Southeastern  Asia  and  the  islands  of  the  Malay  Archipel- 
ago, birds  of  the  most  gorgeous  plumage  abound.  Asia  is 
peculiarly  prolific  in  gallinaceous  fowls,  some  of  them  pos- 
sessing most  brilliant  plumage. 

Asia  is  supposed  to  have  been  the  cradle  of  the  human 
race.  It  contains  a  vast  variety  of  tribes  and  nations.  The 
main  divisions  or  families  consist  of  the  great  Aryan  or 
Indo-European  group ;  the  Semitic  nations ;  the  Mongolian, 
including  the  Uralian-Finnish  races,  and  perhaps  the  Dra- 
vidian  families  of  India ;  the  Malays ;  and  a  number  of 
minor  groups  of  uncertain  affinity.  There  are  probably  not 
fewer  than  a  thousand  languages  and  well-marked  dialects 
spoken  in  Asia.  It  is  remarkable  that  every  widely-preva- 
lent religious  system  is  of  Asiatic  origin.  The  prevailing  re- 
ligions of  Asia  are  Brahmanism  and  Booddhism  ;  the  former 
being  professed  in  Hindostan,  the  latter  in  China,  Japan, 
Anam,  Siam,  the  Burman  Empire,  Ceylon,  and  among  the 
Mongols  and  Toongooses.  In  the  S.W.  of  Asia  Islamism 
prevails ;  and  Mohammedans  are  numerous  in  India,  Ma- 
lacca., and  many  parts  of  the  Malay  Archipelago. 

The  term  Asia,  the  origin  of  which  is  unknown,  was  first 
applied  to  a  small  province  of  the  peninsula  now  called  Asia 
Minor,  but  has  since  been  gradually  extended  to  the  whole 
Asiatic  continent.  The  early  history  of  Asia  may  be  re- 
garded as  that  of  the  world.  Here  the  human  race  is  sup- 
posed to  have  been  first  planted ;  and  here  also  arose  primi- 
tive families,  tribes,  nations,  and  dynasties,  of  whose  history 
only  a  few  fragments  remain.  The  course  of  Asiatic  history 
is  too  long  and  its  import  too  weighty  to  be  satisfactorily 
Bummed  up  in  a  few  lines ;  but  it  may  be  believed  that  the 
great  Anglo-Indian  empire  in  the  S.,  and  the  less  populous 
but  far  more  extensive  Russian  dominion  in  Northern  and 
Central  Asia,  are  to  be  the  most  important  factors  in  the 
35 


histdty  of  her  near  future.    These  two  powers  are  now  the 
only  formidable  ones  in  Asia,  save  China  alone. 

Population. — The  entire  population  of  Asia  is  estimated 
at  825,954,000, — British  India  containing  nearly  a  fourth 
of  that  number.  Outside  the  European  colonies  there  ar« 
no  trustworthy  statistics ;  but  for  the  Chinese  empire  alone 
there  is  claimed  a  population  estimated  at  350,000,000.  It 
is  safe  to  say  that  more  than  one- half  the  population  of  the 
globe  is  Asiatic. Adj.  Asiatic,  i^she-at'ik,  and  Asian, 


i'she-an  (poetical);  inhab.  Asiatic  (Fr.  Asiatiqce,  i^zee^- 

"  r.  adj.  AsiATiscn,  i-ze-i't 

&-ze-3.'t?h). 


3,Heek' ;  Ger.  adj.  AsiATiscn,  i-ze-i'tish,  inhab.  Asiate, 


Asiago,  5.-see'i-go,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Vi- 
cenza,  capital  of  the  district  termed  the  "Seven  Com- 
munes," inhabited  by  a  race  of  German  descent,  22  milea 
N.  of  Vicenza.     Pop.  of  district,  29,000 ;  of  town,  5493. 

Asia  Isles,  a  low,  wooded  group  in  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago, E.  of  Gilolo.     Lat.  1°  N.;  Ion.  131°  17'  E. 

Asia  Minor.    See  Anatolia. 

Asiatic  Archipelago.    See  Malay  Archipelago. 

Asie,  Asien,  Asiatic,  Asiatique.    See  Asia. 

Asimagomy,  3,-se-m3,-go'mee,  a  lake  in  Canada,  prov- 
ince of  Ontario,  lat.  48°  35'  N.,  Ion.  85°  30'  AV.  It  is  about 
12  miles  in  length,  and  from  2  to  4  miles  in  breadth,  and 
enters  the  E.  extremity  of  Lake  Superior  by  a  stream  about 
36  miles  long. 

Asinalunga,  i-see'nJl-loon'gS.,  or  Sina  Longa,  sce'nil 
lon'gS,,  a  town  of  Italy,  36  miles  by  rail  from  Sienna,  on  the 
E.  slope  of  the  hill  which  separates  the  Val  di  Chiana  and 
Val  d'Ombrone.     Pop.  8898. 

Asinara,  i-se-ni'rl,  a  small  island  off  the  N.AV.  ex- 
tremity of  the  island  of  Sardinia,  lat.  41°  5'  N.,  Ion.  8°  15'  E. 
It  is  about  10  miles  long.  It  has  a  light-house,  and  a  port 
called  Trabuccato  (trd-book-ki'to).     Pop.  270. 

A  sir,  a  state  of  Arabia.    See  Aseer. 

Asirmintar,  i-seer-min-tilr',  a  volcano  in  Onekotan, 
one  of  the  Kooril  Islands.     Lat.  49°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  155°  E. 

Asisia,  an  ancient  name  of  Asseria. 

Ask,  isk,  or  Asek,  is'?k,  a  town  of  Persia,  province  of 
Mazanderan,  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Dcmavend,  5900  feet 
above  the  sea,  and  CO  miles  S.W.  of  Sareo.  It  is  said  to 
comprise  from  1000  to  1500  houses. 

Askalon,  a  city  of  Syria.     See  Ascalon. 

As'kam ,  a  post-hamlet  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh 
Valley  Railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of  AVilkesbarre. 

Askeaton,  as-ki'ton,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Lim> 
erick,  on  the  Dcel,  17  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Limerick.    Pop.  2113. 

Askeaton,  Wisconsin.    See  Holland  Station. 

As'kern,  or  As'kerne,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
West  Riding,,  7  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Doncaster.  P.  457. 

Askersund,  !ls'ker-8oond\  a  town  of  Sweden,  27  miles 
S.AV.  of  Orebro,  on  Lake  Wetter.     Pop.  1397. 

As'kew,  or  Dunn's  Landing,  a  post-village  of  Lee 
CO.,  Ark.,  on  the  Mississippi,  25  miles  above  Helena. 

Askha,  an  Aleutian  island.    See  Atka. 

Askoe,  isk'y^h,  a  small  island  of  Denmark,  in  the 
Great  Belt,  2  miles  off  the  N.  coast  of  Laaland.     Pop.  150. 

Askoe,  an  island  of  Norway,  lat.  60°  27'  N.,  separated 
from  the  coast  by  a  narrow  strait.     Pop.  2400. 

Asia,  As'lA,  Assela,  is's?h-li\or  El  Asia,  61  Is'li,  a 
village  and  oasis  of  Algeria,  149  miles  S.  of  Oran,  lat.  33° 
32'  N.,  Ion.  0°  30'  W.,  on  a  small  stream  of  the  same  name, 
which  waters  the  little  gardens  that  compose  the  principal 
riches  of  the  inhabitants.     Pop.  400. 

Asmanshausen,  or  Assmannshausen,  ^s'mins- 
h6w^z§n,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Nassau,  on  the  Rhino,  and 
on  a  railway,  2  miles  N.W.  of  RUdesheim.     Pop.  772. 

Asmildkloster,  is-m!ld-klos'ter,  a  village  of  Den- 
mark, in  North  Jutland,  on  the  E.  side  of  Viborg  Lake. 

Asna,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Esneh. 

As'nen,  a  lake  of  Sweden,  in  the  laen  of  Kronoberg, 
20  miles  long  and  15  miles  broad.  It  is  navigated  by 
steamboats,  and  sends  its  waters  to  the  Baltic  by  the 
Morums  Au. 

Asni^res,  ih^ne-ain',  the  name  of  several  villages  of 
France,  one  of  which,  on  the  Seine,  is  4  miles  from  Paris, 
at  the  junction  of  several  railways.     Pop.  5784. 

Aso,  i'so,  or  Asone,  S.-so'n4  (anc.  Aao'na),  a  river  of 
Italy,  enters  the  Adriatic  7  miles  S.E.  of  Fermo. 

Asola,  &-so'l3,,  a  fortified  town  of  Italy,  19  miles  W.N. W. 
of  Mantua,  capital  of  the  district,  on  the  Chiese.  It  has 
manufactories  of  silk  twist.     Pop.  5865. 

Asolo,  S,-so'lo,  an  ancient  fortified  town  of  Italy,  19 
miles  N.AV.  of  Treviso.     Pop,  5437. 

Asone,  or  Asona,  a  river  of  Italy.    See  Aso. 

Asooree,  the  Hindoo  for  Ossoree. 

Asoph,  a  sea  of  Europe.    See  Azof. 


ASO 


Vl% 


ASS 


Asopo,  4-so'po,  or  A8o'pu8«  a  river  of  Greece,  in 
Bceotia,  rises  S.  of  Thebea,  flowi  east  want,  and  enters  the 
Chaanel  of  Buboea.     Length,  about  24  mile^. 

Aso'tiDy  a  pout- village,  ciipitsi  of  Asotin  oo..  Wash., 
•n  Snake  River,  10  miles  S.  of  Lewiston,  Idaho.  It  htis  2 
churches  and  a  newspaper  offioe.     Pup.  200. 

Aspe,  &s'p&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Valencia,  17  miles  W. 
of  Alicante.  It  has  flour-mills,  oil-mills,  soap-fiiL'tories, 
brand.v-dititillcries,  and  miirble-quarrics.     Pop.  7185. 

Ati'pen,  a  mining  city,  cfti>itftl  ol  Pitkin  co.,  Col.,  82 
miles  by  mil  or  about  36  luiles  direct  W.  by  S.  of  Leiid- 
viile.  It  has  6  uburcbes,  2  banks,  and  2  daily  and  2  weekly 
Bewirpapert.     Pop.  in  1890,  5108. 

Aspen,  a  post-hamlet  of  Uintah  oo,,  Wyoming,  18  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Evanston. 

Aspen  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.C., 
15  miles  N.  of  Greensoorough. 

Aspen  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Giles  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
railroad  which  connects  Nashville  with  Decatur,  88  miles 
6.  of  Nashville.     It  has  2  churches. 

As'per,  a  post-hamlct  of  Carroll  co.,  Mo.,  about  9  miles 
from  licdford  Railroad  Station. 

Asperen,  &s'pi-r?n,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
South  Holland,  20  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Dort.     Pop.  1447. 

Asperg,  is'pino,  or  Asberg,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg, 
on  a  railway,  8  miles  N.  of  Stuttgart.  Pop.  2039.  Near 
it  is  the  oastle  of  IIohen-Asperg,  on  a  steep  rock. 

Aspern,  or  Gross  Aspern,  groco  &s'p?rn,  a  village 
of  Austria,  5  miles  E.N.E.  of  Vienna,  celebrated  for  a  battle 
fought  May  21  and  22,  1809,  between  the  French  under 
Napoleon  and  the  Anstrians  under  the  Archduke  Charles. 

Aspet,  ils'pA',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Uaute- 
Garonne,  50  miles  S.W.  of  Toulouse.     Pop.  2565. 

Asphaltites,  Lake.    See  Dead  Sea. 

Asphodel,  Ontario.    See  Westwood. 

As'pinwall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  Co.,  Iowa,  about 
25  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Carroll.     Pop.  150. 

Aspinwall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  in  Wells 
township,  16  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Elmira,  N.Y.  It  has  2 
churches. 

As'pinwall ,  or  Colon ,  ko-Ion',  a  seaport  of  the  United 
States  of  Colombia,  on  the  Atlantic  side  of  the  Isthmus  of 
Panama,  47  miles  from  Panama,  2000  miles  from  New  York, 
and  nearly  equidistant  from  San  Francisco  and  Valparaiso, 
being  about  3300  miles  from  each  place.  The  haroor  lias 
a  depth  of  water  sufficient  for  the  largest  ships,  and  is  very 
spacious.  It  has  semi-monthly  communication  with  both 
Kcw  York  and  San  Francisco  by  steamers.  British,  French, 
and  German  mail-steamers  have  a  landing  here,  and  also  at 
Panama,  the  mail  being  transported  across  the  isthmus  at 
this  point.  A  railroad  47  miles  in  length,  connecting  As- 
pinwall with  Panama,  was  opened  February  17,  1855.  A 
large  depot  has  been  built  near  the  centre  of  the  town ;  the 
track  communicates  with  the  wharf  at  which  the  steamers 
land.  Aspinwall  exports  many  fine  bananas.  It  was  founded 
al>out  1850,  and  is  said  to  contain  2500  inhabitants. 

Aspiran,  is^pe'rAs"',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  II6rault,  on  a  railway,  5  miles  S.  of  Clermont.    Pop.  1435. 

Aspot'ogan^  Harbor,  a  seaport  in  Lunenburg  co.. 
Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  50  miles  W.  of  Halifax. 

Aspri^rcs,  is'pro-aiR',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Aveyron,  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Villefranche.     Pop.  1821. 

Aspromonte,  the  Italian  for  Apremoxt. 

Aspro-Potanio,Ss-pro-pot'4-mo  (i.e., "white river;" 
ano.  Achelo'us),  the  largest  river  of  the  kingdom  of  Greece, 
rises  near  Mezzovo  in  Albania,  flows  S.S.W.,  separating  Acar- 
nania  on  the  W.  from  Eurytania,  Thessaly,  and  ^tolia  on 
the  E.,  and  enters  the  Ionian  Sea  (Mediterranean)  15  miles 
W.  of  Missolonghi.     Length,  100  miles. 

Aspuzi,  is-poo'zee',  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  pashalic 
of  Marash,  5  miles  S.  of  Malateeyeh.  It  is  surrounded  by 
gardens  and  orchards,  and  is  resorted  to  as  a  summer  resi- 
dence by  the  inhabitants  of  Malateeyeh. 

As'py  Bay,  a  hamlet  in  Victoria  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on 
the  coast  of  Cape  Breton  Island.  It  is  the  place  of  landing 
of  an  Atlantic  telegraph  cable. 

Assab  (is'sib')  Bay,  in  Abyssinia,  about  40  miles  N.W. 
of  the  narrowest  part  of  the  Strait  of  Bab-el-Mandeb.  It 
is  16  miles  in  length,  and  upwards  of  5  miles  in  width. 

As'sabet,  a  small  river  of  Massachusetts,  rises  in  Wor- 
cester CO.,  runs  northeastward,  and  unites  with  the  Sudbury 
River  in  Middlesex  co.,  about  1  mile  from  Concord.  The 
Stream  formed  by  this  union  is  the  Concord  River. 

Assaca,  &8-s4'k&,  a  province  of  Africa,  on  the  Gold 
Coast,  with  a  town  of  the  same  name,  5  miles  W.  of  Fort 
Orange.     Pop.  estimated  at  2000. 

Assachinskaya,  Assatchinskaya  or  Assatchin- 


ski^a  Sopkn,  &8-R&-cbin-8kI'y&  soplci,  an  active  toIomm 
in  Kamchatka.     Lat.  52°  2'  N. ;  Ion.  157°  43'  E. 

Assahan,  a  town  of  Sumatra.    See  Asahait. 

Assal,  &s'8&l',  a  salt  lake  of  Eastern  Africa,  25  milts 
S.W.  of  Tajoorah,  about  lat.  11°  40  N.  and  K.n.  42°  40'  B. 
It  is  670  feet  below  the  level  of  the  sea,  and  of  an  ovul  ^ 
form,  8  miles  in  length  from  N.  toS.,  and  about  4  miles  in 
breadth.  The  shores  are  covered  with  a  thick  salt  crust, 
which  in  most  places  rests  on  the  ground,  the  waters  having 
subsided.  Numerous  caravans  resort  to  this  lake  to  carry 
away  the  salt. 

As^satn',  or  Asam,  a  province  of  British  India,  in  the 
valley  of  the  Brahmapootra,  between  lat.  22°  and  2S°  15' 
N.  and  Ion.  90°  and  98°  E.  Length,  500  miles ;  average 
breadth,  about  60  miles.  It  includes  Goalpara,  Camroop, 
Durrung,  Nowgong,  Seebsaugur,  Luckimpoor,  Cachar,  the 
Naga  Hills,  Cossyah  and  Jynteah  Hills,  Garrow  Ilill.s,  Ac. 
Area  of  Assam,  with  Sylhet,  55,384  square  miles.  Poj).  in 
1881,  4,881,426.  In  the  larger  sense  the  name  designittes 
a  natural  division  of  country  bounded  N.  by  the  sub- 
Himalaya,  E.  by  Burmah,  S.  by  Sylhet,  and  W.  by  licngal. 
Much  of  the  Brahmapootra  Valley  is  studded  over  with 
little  conical  green  hills,  rising  abruptly  from  the  level 
plains  to  the  height  of  from  200  to  700  feet,  bounded  ou 
the  N.  and  E.  by  lofty  mountains.  It  contains  extensive 
tracts  of  well-cultivated  land,  among  which  are  some  dis- 
tricts above  the  reach  of  inundation,  and  suited  for  cidpfl 
of  all  kinds.  Though  the  country  is  intersected  with  liall'- 
filled  channels  and  stagnant  lakes,  yet  in  the  dry  Foa'-Dn 
it  is  very  susceptible  of  cultivation,  and  amply  repays  any 
labor  and  expense  bestowed  upon  it.  The  soil  is,  for  the 
most  part,  composed  of  rich  black  mould,  though  occa.sion- 
ally  of  red  stiff  clay. 

Assam  has  a  very  large  number  of  rivers,  tributaries  of 
the  Brahmapootra,  both  from  the  northern  and  from  the 
southern  mountains.  Gold  is  found  in  nearly  all  the  moun- 
tain-streams that  flow  into  the  Brahmapootra,  and  also  in 
the  latter  river  itself.  Iron  abounds  in  most  of  the  hill- 
countries.  Coal  has  been  discovered  in  several  places,  and 
limestone  in  considerable  quantities.  There  are  also  niinoi 
of  precious  stones  and  of  amber.  In  the  Naga  Hill.<  are 
brine-springs,  and  petroleum  is  found  in  small  quantities. 

Very  violent  storms  are  frequent  during  April,  May,  and 
June,  accompanied  with  tremendous  thunder  and  li;,'ht- 
ning,  hail-showers,  and  torrents  of  rain.  The  rainy  season 
lasts  six  months,  commencing  in  April  and  ending  in  OctO" 
ber.  During  this  season  one  universal  deluge  prevails,  and 
all  the  labors  of  the  field  are  necessarily  suspended. 

Rice  is  the  principal  crop ;  sugar-cane  grows  well,  but 
does  not  attract  much  attention.  Mustard,  cotton,  and  opium 
are  extensively  cultivated.  The  tea-tree,  which  grows  wild 
on  the  mountains  in  great  abundance,  has  become  an  im- 
portant article  of  cultivation.  Cofi"ce,  in  its  natural  stiite, 
also  grows  luxuriantly,  but  attracts  little  attention.  Tlio 
betel-nut  palm  is  cultivated  to  a  large  extent.  The  rattan 
grows  wild,  and  forms  impenetrable  jungles.  The  plantain 
grows  abundantly  on  most  of  the  hills.  Lac,  india-rubber, 
silk,  and  ivory  are  importiint  products. 

Wild  elephants  are  numerous;  and  the  forests  are  inhab- 
ited by  the  rhinoceros.  Tigers,  leopards,  bears,  bufi'aloes, 
wild  hogs,  porcupines,  flying  squirrels,  otters,  and  an  in- 
finite variety  of  monkeys  and  snakes,  are  common.  The 
white  ant  is  very  destructive.  Crocodiles  and  tortoises  are 
also  numerous.  Ever  since  Assam  was  ceded  by  Burniab, 
in  1826,  it  has  been  gaining  in  importance  as  well  as  in 
population.  Much  British  capital  is  here  invested,  especi- 
ally in  the  tea-culture ;  but  the  country  is  even  now  very 
imperfectly  developed.  Brahminism  has  superseded  Uood- 
dhism  in  this  province.    The  chief  town  is  Gowhatty.    The 

Assamese  language  resembles  the  Bengalee. Adj.  and 

inhab.  Assamesk,  as'sam-eez'. 

Assamareh,  is-si-ml'r^h,  a  large  village  of  Western 
Africa,  on  the  Niger,  about  lat.  5°  68'  N.,  Ion.  6°  45'  E. 
Cam-wood  abounds  here,  and  is  an  article  of  commerce. 

Assamoo'sick,  a  post-office  of  Southampton  co.,  V». 

Assan'pink  or  Assun'pink  Creek  rises  in  Mon- 
mouth CO.,  N.J.,  runs  northwestward  and  southwestward, 
and  enters  the  Delaware  River  at  Trenton. 

Assa'ria,  a  post-village  of  Saline  co.,  Kan.,  about  IC 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Salina.     Pop.  300. 

Assarii,  fi,s-saR'lee,  or  Assarlo,  ils-san'lo,  a  town  of 
Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  on  the  Maritza,  N.W.  of  Adrianople. 

Assaro,  a  village  of  Sicily.     See  AsAno. 

Assatchinskaya.     See  Assachinskaya. 

Assateague  (ns's^-teeg')  Island,  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Northampton  co.,  Va.,'ha8  a  light-hou.se  129  feet  high,  lat 
37°  55'  37"  N.     Northwestward  is  Assateague  Bay. 


ASS 


5^ 


AST 


As'sawe  Lake,  in  Cass  oo.,  Minn.,  is  traversed  by 
Plantagcnet  Kiver,  and  lies  a  few  miles  E.  of  Itasca  Lake. 
Assaye,  or  Assye,  Is-si',  a  small  town  of  Hindostan, 
in  the  Nizam's  dominions,  260  miles  N.  of  Hyderabad.  It 
is  memorable  as  the  place  where  the  Duke  of  Wellington 
(then  General  AVellesIey)  commenced  his  career  of  victory, 
September  23,  180.3,  by  defeating,  with  4500  men,  the  com- 
hined  forces  of  Scindia  and  the  Nagpoor  Kaja,  amounting 
to  .30,000  men. 

Assche,  a  town  of  Belgium.    See  Asche. 

Asseerghur,  a  fort  of  India.     See  AsEERGHtrn. 

Assela,  a  town  of  Algeria.     See  Asla. 

Asse-Ie-Boisne,  as'si'le-bwin',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Sarthc,  3  miles  N.N.W.  of  Fresnay.     Pop.  1714. 

Assein,  Is'seln,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  6 
miles  E.  of  Dortmund.     It  has  coal-mines.     Pop.  1620. 

Assen,  Js'sen,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  capital  of  the 
province  of  Drenthe,  on  the  Hoom-diep,  and  on  a  railway, 
15}  miles  S.  of  Groningen.  Pop.  6836.  It  communicates 
with  the  Zuyder  Zee  by  the  Smilder  Canal. 

Assendelft,  S,s's§n-d61ft\  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  North  Holland,  9*  miles  N.W.  of  Amsterdam.    Pop.  3200. 

Assencdc,  is-sen'§-d§h,  or  Assende,  is^sSsd',  a  vil- 
lage of  Belgium,  province  of  East  Flanders,  on  a  railway, 
12i  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ghent.  Pop.  4200,  with  woollen-  and 
cotton-manufactures,  dye-  and  soap-works,  and  breweries. 

Asscnheim,  is's?n-hlme\  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Ilessc,  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Frankfort.     Pop.  827. 

Asscns,  ds'sQns,  a  maritime  town  of  Denmark,  island 
ofFunen,  20milesS.W.  of  Odense.     Pop.  3581. 

Asscria,  is-si-ree'i,  or  Podgraje,  a  town  of  Dalma- 
tia,  with  ruins  which  show  that  it  has  once  been  a  splendid 
city.     It  is  the  Asisia  of  Ptolemy. 

As^siniboi'a,  a  district  of  Canada,  bounded  N.  by 
Saskatchewan,  E.  by  Manitoba,  S.  by  the  United  States, 
and  W.  by  Alberta.  Area,  95,000  square  miles.  Chief  town, 
Regina.     Pop.  in  1891,  30,285. 

Assin'iboin,  or  Assin'iboine,  a  river  of  North 
America,  rises  in  the  S.  part  of  the  British  possessions,  runs 
nearly  eastward  througti  Manitoba,  and  enters  the  Red 
River  of  the  North  at  Winnipeg.    Length,  about  600  miles. 

Assiniboin  Indians,  a  Canadian  tribe  of  the  Dakota 
stock,  inhabiting  parts  of  Manitoba  and  the  North-AVest 
Territories.  They  are  divided  into  Mountain  and  Prairie 
Assiniboins,  are  few  in  numbers,  and  quite  peaceable. 
They  are  of  several  bands,  or  minor  tribes. 

Assinie,  is^se^nee',  a  French  colonial  establishment  in 
Africa,  on  the  river  Assinie,  which  divides  the  Gold  Coast 
from  the  Ivory  Coast,  lat.  5°  7'  N,  Here  the  river  expands 
into  a  largo  lake,  called  Ahy.  Gold  dust,  ivory,  and  skins 
are  exported.  None  but  French  vessels  are  allowed  to  en- 
gage in  trade.  The  river  forms  a  part  of  the  W.  limit  of 
Ashantee.     Its  navigation  is  impeded  by  rapids. 

Assioot,  a  city  of  Egypt.     See  Sioot. 

Assis'cunk  Creek,  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  falls  into  the 
Delaware  River  a  little  above  Burlington. 

Assisi,  or  Asisi,  3,-see'see,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  a  rail- 
way, 16  miles  S.E.  of  Perugia.  Pop.  3300.  It  is  pic- 
turesquely situated  on  a  steep  hill,  surrounded  by  battle- 
mentcd  walls  and  a  long  line  of  aqueducts.  Its  churches  are 
adorned  with  early  specimens  of  Italian  painting.  The 
cathedral  is  a  structure  of  the  eleventh  century.  There  are 
20  other  churches  and  12  monasteries.  Assisi  has  been  a 
bishop's  see  ever  since  a.d.  240.  It  has  manufactures  of 
needles  and  files. 

Assmannshansen.    See  AsMANsnAcsEjf. 

Asso,  Hs'so,  a  village  of  Italy,  8  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of 
Como,  on  the  Lambro.     Pop.  1349. 

Asso,  is'so,  a  town  and  fort  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  the 
Island  of  Cephalonia,  15  miles  N.  of  Argostoli.     Pop.  600. 

Assofoodah,  a,s-so-foo'da,  a  town  of  the  Foolah  coun- 
try, West  Africa,  about  lat.  10°  25'  N.,  Ion,  2°  35'  E.  The 
natives  are  Mohammedans.     Pop.  12,000. 

Asson,  Ss's6n=',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Basses-Pyrenees,  3  miles  S.  of  Nay,     Pop.  2634. 

Asso'net,  a  village  in  Freetown,  Bristol  co.,  Mass., 
half  a  mile  from  Assonet  Station,  on  the  Old  Colony  Rail- 
road, 9  miles  N.E.  of  Fall  River,  It  has  2  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  guns  and  tacks. 

Assoor,  Assour,  or  Assur,  as'soor',  a  town  of  Nubia, 
Dongola,  on  the  Nile,  about  10  miles  N.W.  of  Meroe,  cele- 
brated for  the  numbers  of  its  pyramids. 

Assouan,  Assowan,  or  Assuan.    See  Asswau. 

Assuapmoussoin.    See  Ashuapmouchouan, 

Assnay,  a  department  of  Ecuador,     See  Asuay, 

Assum^ao,  the  Portuguese  name  of  Assumption. 

Assumption,  as-siimp'shan,  one  of  the  Ladrone  Is- 


lands, Pacific  Ocean,     Lat,  19°  41'  N. ;  Ion,  145°  27'  B. 
It  is  10  miles  in  circuit.     Altitude  of  summit,  2026  feet. 

Assumption,  one  of  the  Aldabra  group  of  islands, 
Indian  Ocean.     Lat.  9°  46'  S. ;  Ion.  46°  34'  E. 

Assump'tion  (Sp.  Asuncion,  i-soon-se-on' ;  Port.  Ait- 
8ump<;do,  J.s-soom-sowN"'),  a  city  of  South  America,  cayiitid 
of  Paraguay,  on  the  Paraguay  River,  650  miles  N.  of  Buenos 
Ayres.  Lat.  25°  18'  S. ;  Ion.  57°  30'  W.  It  is  connected 
by  railway  with  Paraguary.  It  is  a  bishop's  see.  Founded 
in  1535  by  a  colony  of  Spaniards,  from  its  advantageous 
position  it  became  in  a  few  years  a  city  of  importance.  It 
has  a  cathedral,  a  government  palace,  a  public  library,  a 
custom-house,  a  military  hospital,  and  a  college.  In  1869 
the  city  was  bombarded  and  plundered  by  the  Brazil- 
ians. The  houses  are  generally  of  brick,  one  story  high, 
and  covered  with  tiles.  Some  of  the  streets  are  paved  :  and 
the  place  presents  a  neat  appearance.  The  inhabitants  trade 
in  tobacco,  hides,  mandioca,  cedar,  and  especially  in  yerba 
mats,  or  Paraguay  tea.     Pop.  25,000, 

Assump'tion,  a  parish  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Louisiana, 
has  an  area  of  about  350  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
W.  by  Grand  River,  and  is  intersected  by  Bayou  La  Fourcbe, 
a  navigable  outlet  of  the  Mississippi  River.  Lake  Verret, 
10  miles  long,  is  situated  in  this  parish.  The  surface  is  low 
and  nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  alluvial  and  fertile.  Sugar- 
cane, rice,  and  maize  are  the  staple  products.  The  river 
Atchafalaya  flows  through  the  parish  direct  from  N.  to  S., 
dividing  it  into  two  portions,  of  which  the  eastern  is  the 
larger.  Capital,  Napoleon ville.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,234:  in 
1880,  17,010;  in  1890,  19,629. 

Assumption,  a  post-village  of  Christian  co.,  111.,  in 
Assumption  township,  in  a  fine  agricultural  district,  on  the 
Central  Railroad,  23  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Decatur,  and  9 
miles  N.  of  Pana.     It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  publio 
school,  mines  of  coal,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop,  690; 
of  township,  1246, 
Assumption,  La.     See  Napoleonville, 
Assumption,  a  county,  village,  and  river  of  Quebec. 
See  L'AssoMPTiON. 
Assunpiuk  Creek,  New  Jersey.    See  Assanpink. 
Assur,  a  town  of  Nubia.     See  Assoor. 
Asswan,  Assouan,  or  Assuan,  is-swan',  written 
also  As^sowan',  Es'sonan',  Es^suan',  Es'wan', 
and  Es^ovan',  a  town  of  Upper  Egypt,  on  the  right  bank  of 
the  Nile,  remarkable  for  its  commerce,  its  picturesque  situ- 
ation, and  the  monuments  of  antiquity  found  in  its  neigh- 
borhood.    From  this  place  a  railway  extends  to  a  poirtt 
above  the  first  cataract  of  the  Nile.    Close  to  it,  on  the  south, 
are  the  ruins  of  the  town  built  by  the  Arabs  on  the  site  of 
the  ancient  Syene.     Near  it  are  extensive  syenite-quarries. 

Lat.  24°  5'  N.;  Ion.  32°  55' E,     Pop,  3500. Adj.   and 

inhab.  Asswanee,  as-swSn'ee. 
Assye,  a  village  of  India.     See  Assaye, 
As'synt,  a  very  extensive  maritime  parish  of  Scotland, 
CO.  of  Sutherland.     In  this  district  the  Marquis  of  Montrose 
was  defeated  and  taken  prisoner.     Pop.  3006. 

Assyria,  as-slr'e-a,  a  name  which  is  usually  appropri- 
ated to  the  first  of  what  are  known  as  the  four  great  empires 
of  the  world,  but  which  in  geography  is  more  correctly  con- 
fined to  what  was  called  Assyria  Proper,  and  nearly  corre- 
responds  with  the  modern  Koordistan.  Its  capital  was 
Nineveh,  of  which  the  ancient  ruins  may  still  be  traced 
(see  Nineveh)  ;  but,  though  it  had  many  other  important 

cities,  even  the  sites  of  the  greater  number  are  unknown. 

Adj.  and  inhab.  Assyrian,  as-slr'e-an. 

Assyr'ia,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  forming  the  S.E. 
part  of  Barry  co.,  Mich.,  about  34  miles  S.W,  of  Lansing, 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  1175. 

Astabel  Sherm  Antar,  Js-ti'bel  shSnm  Sn'tan',  or 
Istabl  Antar,  is-ti'b'l  4nHaR',  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  El 
Hejaz,  on  the  Red  Sea.     Lat.  26°  24'  N.     Near  it  is  a  good 
anchor  station,  in  a  deep  bay  formed  in  coral  rocks. 
Astaboras,  a  river  of  Nubia.    See  Atbara. 
Astacenus  Sinus.    See  Gulf  op  Isjieed. 
Astacus,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Dragowestre. 
Astaffort,  5,s't5,rfoR',  a  town  of  France,  Lot-et-Garonue, 
on  the  Gers,  12  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Agen.     Pop.  2160. 
Astapa,  a  town  of  Spain,    See  Estepa. 
Asta  Pompeia,  an  ancient  name  of  Asrr. 
Astara,  is*t3,-ri',  a  frontier  town  of  Russia,  in  Georgia, 
upon  the  river  Astara,  which  forms  the  boundary  between 
Russia  and  Persia,  and  on  the  Caspian  Sea. 

Astell's  (as'tellz')  Island,  ofi"  the  N.  coast  of  Aus- 
tralia, at  the  entrance  of  Arnhem  Bay, 

Asten,  or  Asthen,  is'ten,  a  village  of  the  Nether* 
lands,  in  North  Brabant,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  EindhoveD, 
Pop.  3198.  ' 


AST 


540 


ASU 


Astone,  fts-tA'ni,  »  town  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flanders, 
on  the  Ly«.  2  nnles  E.  of  Doynie.     Top.  1430. 

AsterHbadt  a  city  of  I'urvia.    See  Astkabas. 

AKthcii,  a  villtigo  of  Holland.    Sco  Abten. 

Astif  is'teo  (anc.  At'ta  Fompt'ia),  a  city  of  Italy,  proT- 
inco  of  Alessandria,  near  the  liinaro,  and  on  the  Turin  & 
Uenoa  Railway,  35i  miles  E.S.E.  of  Turin.  Another  rail- 
way connects  it  with  Milan.  The  town  is  surrounded  with 
decaying  walU,  celebrated  for  their  lOU  towera,  although 
few  of  these  now  remain.  It  is  in  general  badly  built,  al- 
though it  contains  many  noble  mansions ;  the  streets  are 
wide.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  bishop,  has  a  royal  college,  a  court 
of  justice,  a  school  of  jurisprudence,  several  fine  churches, 
and  a  theological  seminary,  a  rich,  picturesque  'building. 
The  cathedral  is  a  venerable  Gothic  building,  in  which  are 
numerous  fine  paintings.  Tho  city  has  some  silk-miinufac- 
tories;  but  there  is  otherwise  little  trade.  Alfieri  was  born 
here  in  tho  year  1749.     Pop.  3l,():$3. 

Astigi,  an  ancient  name  of  EcuA. 

As'ton  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co,.  Pa.,  in 
Aston  township,  near  Lenni  and  several  other  railroad 
stations,  about  18  miles  S.AV.  of  Philadelphia.  Here  are 
large  cotton-mills.     Pop.  about  800. 

As'tonville,  a  hamlet  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  1  mile 
from  Rnlston.     It  has  a  lumber-mill  and  an  iron-furnace. 

As'tor,  As'tar^  or  Ila'zo,  a  province  of  Caishmere, 
traversed  by  the  Astor  River.  It  lies  between  Bultce  and 
Cashmere  proper,  at  the  W.  end  of  the  Himalaya.  Chief 
town,  Astor,  a  large  village  at  the  junction  of  the  Astor  and 
Uaripo  Rivers. 

As'tor,  or  Hasara,  h&'s&'r&\  a  river  of  Asia,  a  tribu- 
tary of  the  Indus  N.  of  the  Himalaya,  joining  it  after  a 
northwestward  course. 

Astorga,  ds-ton'gi  (anc.  Astu'rica  Augus'ta),  a  walled 
town  in  Spain,  26  miles  W.S.W.  of  Leon,  on  the  Tuorto, 
and  on  a  railway.  Pop.  4810.  It  has  an  old  castle,  is  a 
bishop's  SCO,  with  a  Qothio  cathedral,  convents,  manufac- 
tories of  linen,  cloth,  and  yarn,  and  some  Roman  antiqui- 
ties. Near  it  is  the  Lake  of  8anabria,  with  the  insular 
castle  of  the  Counts  of  Benavente. 

Asto'ria^  a  post-village  of  Fulton  co..  111.,  in  Astoria 
township,  and  on  the  St.  Louis,  Rock  Island  &  Chicago 
Railroad,  106  miles  N.  of  Alton,  and  about  50  miles  N.W. 
of  Springfield.  It  has  6  churches,  2  banks,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  about  1250, 

Astoria^  a  former  village  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  is  on 
the  East  River,  nearly  5  miles  N.E.  of  Brooklyn.  It  now 
constitutes  the  4th  and  5th  wards  of  Long  Island  City. 

Astoria,  a  city  of  Oregon,  a  port  of  entry,  and  the 
capital  of  Clatsop  co.,  is  situated  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Co- 
lumbia River,  about  6  miles  from  the  ocean,  70  miles  by 
land  and  about  100  miles  by  river  N.W.  of  Portland.  It 
has  9  churches,  4  banks  (2  national),  a  hospital  (conducted 
by  the  Sisters  of  Charity),  with  a  government  seaman's 
ward,  and  offices  which  issue  2  daily  and  4  weekly  news- 
papers. Its  industry  consists  largely  of  the  canning  of 
salmon,  of  which  about  450,000  cases  are  shipped  annually. 
Pop.  in  1890,  6184. 

Astrabad,  &sHr&-b&d',  Asterabad,  isH^r-i-bM',  a 
city  of  Persia,  capital  of  a  province  of  its  own  name,  sit- 
uated at  the  foot  of  the  N.  slope  of  tho  Elbrooz  range, 
and  on  a  small  stream  which  falls  into  Astrabad  Bay,  in  the 
£.E.  part  of  the  Caspian,  about  20  miles  below.  It  has  a 
circuit  of  about  3  miles,  and  is  surrounded  by  a  dry  ditch 
and  by  a  mud  wall,  or  mound,  on  which  a  low  parapet,  loop- 
holed  for  musketry,  has  been  erected.  A  great  part  of  the 
town  is  in  ruins,  but  the  parts  still  standing  have  a  lively 
appearance.  The  large  extent  of  open  space  within  the 
town,  laid  out  in  fine  gardens,  is  one  of  it3  attractive  fea- 
tures. The  manufactures  are  chiefly  confined  to  a  few  silk 
and  cotton  stuffs.  It  has  several  mosques,  schools,  bazaars, 
and  caravansaries,  and  a  telegraph-station.  Its  pestilential 
atmosphere  has  procured  for  it  tne  ominous  surname  of  City 
of  the  Plague.  During  the  summer  rains,  no  inhabitant 
whose  circumstances  enable  him  to  depart  remains  within 
it.    Astrabad  is  always  governed  by  a  prince.    Pop.  20,000. 

Astrabad  (anc.  jfyrca'nia),  a  small  but  fertile  and  well- 
wooded  province  of  Persia,  bounded  N.  by  the  Caspian. 
It  is  a  beautiful  land,  but  is  very  sickly,  and  exposed  to 
severe  Turcoman  raids.  It  is  regarded  as  the  most  loyal  of 
the  provinces.    Capital,  Astrabad. 

Astrakhan,  is-trA-KJln',  a  city  of  Russia,  capital  of  a 
government  of  its  own  name,  on  an  elevated  island  in  the 
Volga,  about  30  miles  from  its  embouchure  in  the  Caspian 
Eca.  Lat.  46°  25'  N. ;  Ion.  48°  0'  E.  It  is  irregularly 
built,  with  crooked  streets,  mostly  unpaved  and  dirty.  The 
•treets  and  canals  are  bordered  by  trees.    The  public  build- 


ings of  note  are  the  archiepisoopal  palace,  the  government 
offices,  and  tho  factory  halls  for  tho  Russian,  Asiatic,  and 
Hindoo  merchants.  Astrakhan  is  tho  seat  of  tlrcek  nnd 
Armenian  archbishops.  It  contains  a  high  court  of  civil 
and  criminal  jurisdiction,  a  theological  seminary,  a  botanic 
garden,  a  gymnasium,  a  fine  cathedral,  and  i^cveral  uioi'uuea 
and  heathen  temples.  Tho  manufactures  are  considcruble. 
The  fisheries  form  the  staple  trade  of  tho  city,  iuiuicnse 
quantities  of  finh,  caviare,  and  isinglass  being  exported  to 
foreign  countries.  In  the  fishing-sotvson  from  2O,UU0  to 
30,000  pei-sons  connected  with  the  fisheries  resort  to  tho  city. 
The  haven  of  Astrakhan  is  now  so  sanded  up  as  to  leave 
only  six  feet  depth  of  water;  so  that  large  vessels  have  to 
land  their  cargoes  on  an  island  nearer  the  Caspian.  Steam- 
boats are  employed  on  the  river.     Pop.  (1883)  69,319. 

Adj.  and  inhab.  Astrakhanese,  &8-tr&-k%n-cez'. 

Astrakhan,  a  government  of  Russia  in  Europe,  oi 
the  N.W.  coast  of  the  Caspian  Sea,  between  lut.  44°  40' 
and  49°  45'  N.,  Ion.  43°  6'  and  51°  5'  E.,  having  the 
Maloi  Oozcn  for  its  N.E.  boundary,  and  the  Manitch  for 
its  S.W.  It  is  divided  into  two  nearly  equal  parts  by  the 
Volga,  which  traverses  it  from  N.W.  to  S.E.  Its  coast-line 
is  about  520  miles  in  length,  and  is  crowded  throughout  its 
whole  extent  with  small  islands,  rocks,  and  shifting  sand- 
banks. The  entire  length  of  the  province  is  370  miles,  its 
greatest  breadth  250.  Area,  86,340  square  miles.  It  con- 
sists wholly  of  two  vast  steppes  or  plains,  separated  from 
each  other  by  the  Volga.  The  soil  consists  generally  of 
mud,  salt,  and  sand  intermixed,  and  in  somo  parts  of  ex- 
tensive salt  marshes,  rendering  it  a  sterile  waste,  destitute 
of  wood.  A  few  fertile  tracts  are  met  with  on  the  Volga, 
including  some  excellent  pastures.  Here  corn  is  grown, 
with  fruits,  herds,  vines,  tobacco,  and  cotton.  Salt  lakes 
and  pools  are  numerous  throughout  the  province ;  the  largest 
of  the  former,  Baskoochatskoe,  is  situated  E.  of  the  Volga, 
and  is  about  12  miles  in  length  and  5  in  breadth.  The  lii'h- 
eries  of  tho  Volga  and  Caspian  are  of  great  value.  Many 
thousand  persons  are  employed  in  taking  fish,  chiefly  stur- 
geon ;  from  the  roe  and  bladder  large  quantities  of  isinglass 
and  caviare  arc  manufactured.     Pop.  601,513. 

Astropalia,  an  island  of  the  jEgcan.    See  Stampalia. 

Astros,  is'tros,  or  Astro,  is'tro,  a  town  of  Greece, 
in  Arcadia,  15  miles  S.  of  Argos,  on  tho  Gulf  of  Nau))lia. 

Astudillo,  is-too-Deel'yo,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Leon.  22 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Palencia.  It  contains  3  churches,  a  town 
hall,  a  convent,  and  a  hospital.     Pop.  4500. 

Astura,  is-too'ri,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Rome, 
on  a  peninsula  in  the  Mediterranean  (anc.  In' aula  Aatu'rm), 
at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Astura,  39  miles  S.E.  of  Rome. 
It  has  a  small  harbor,  and  a  lofty  tower,  supposed  to  occupy 
tho  site  of  the  villa  of  Cicero,  near  which  he  was  put  to 
death  by  order  of  Antony,  B.C.  43. 

Asturias,  is-too're-4s  {Fr. Let  A8turies,lkz  isHii'ree'), 
an  ancient  division  of  Spain  (now  included  principally  in 
the  modem  province  of  Oviedo),  was  formerly  the  kingdom  of 
Asturia,  and  tho  only  part  unconquered  by  the  Moors.  It 
was  inhabited  by  a  race  who  maintained  their  independence 
against  the  Carthaginians,  but  were  subdued  by  the  Romanj 
in  the  time  of  Augustus.  After  the  fall  of  the  Roman  em- 
pire, Spain  was  overrun  by  the  Goths  and  Vandals.  Upon 
the  Moorish  invasion,  at  the  beginning  of  the  eighth  cen- 
tury, the  mountains  of  Asturias  again  became  the  refuge  of 
those  who  still  struggled  against  the  enemies  of  Spain; 
Pelayo  was  elected  king,  and  shortly  after  defeated  the 
Moors  at  Covadonga,  in  a  battle  which  may  be  considered  as 
the  inauguration  of  the  sanguinary  struggle  which  lasted 
for  eight  centuries  and  ended  in  the  final  expulsion  of  the 
Moors.  In  13»8  it  became  a  principality,  and  was  apt 
pointed  appanage  of  the  heir  to  the  Spanish  throne,  who 
also  has  the  title  of  Prince  of  Asturias.  A  remarkable 
security  of  person  and  property  has  long  existed  in  this 
country ;  and  one  consequence  is  that  the  peasantry,  instead 
of  congregating  in  walled  towns  for  protection,  live  in  small 
farms,  and  often  own  the  land  which  they  cultivate.  The 
patois  spoken  by  the  peasantry  difiers  from  the  Galician, 
and  is  called  Bable.  Travelling  in  Asturias  is  performed  on 
mule- or  horseback,  the  roads  being  impassable  to  carriages. 
Adj.  and  inhab.  Asturian,  as-too're-an. 

Asturica  Augusta,  an  ancient  name  of  Astorga. 

Asuay,  or  Assuay,  is-soo-I'  or  is-swi',  a  department 
of  Ecuador,  length  about  644  miles,  breadth  about  276 
miles.  It  lies  on  the  E.  slope  and  to  the  E.  of  the  Andes, 
and  stretches  E.  over  the  immeasurable  plains  of  the  Ama- 
zon to  the  Orinoco  and  the  confines  of  Brazil.  TheW.  part 
is  covered  by  the  paramo  or  desert  of  Asuay,  whence  the 
department  is  named.  This  paramo  is  a  desert  mass  of 
mountains  running  E.  and  W.,  joining  the  two  N.  and  B. 


ASU 


541 


ATC 


parallel  ranges  of  mountains,  and  forms  the  S.  boundary 
of  the  plateau  of  Quito.  The  department  is  watered  by 
numerous  affluents  of  the  Amazon.     Pop.  149,103. 

Asuncion,  i-soon-se-on',  or  Nueva  Esparta,  nwi'- 
yi,  cs-pait'ti,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  capital  of  the  state  of 
Nueva  Esparta,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  island  of  Margarita. 
Pop.  2758. 

Asuncion.    See  Assumption. 

Asuri,  the  Hindoo  for  Ossoree. 

Aswab'anon,  or  Ashwau'banon,  a  township  of 
Brown  CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Fox  River.     Pop.  385. 

As^wad',  or  Assaouad,  as'saw'w.\d*,  a  great  oasis  of 
the  Sahara,  6  days'  journey  N.  of  Timbuctoo.  It  is  peopled 
by  Arabs,  who  speak  an  African  language  and  are  subject  to 
Timbuctoo. 

AsAVada,  a  river  of  Guinea.    See  Volta. 

Asylum,  a-si'liim.  a  station  in  Mercer  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Belvidere  Delaware  Railroad,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Trenton. 
Here  is  the  New  Jersey  Lunatic  Asylum. 

Asylum,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  in  Asylum 
township,  .about  10  miles  S.E.  of  Towanda.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  grist-mill.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by 
the  Susquehanna  River.     Pop.  1155. 

Asyr,  a  state  of  Arabia.    See  Aseer. 

Aszalo,  5s'si-lo',  a  market-town  of  Hungary,  25  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  \Y.  of  Kaschau.     Pop.  1600. 

Aszod,  t5s'sod\  a  town  of  Hungary,  22  miles  by  rail 
N.E.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  2553. 

Atabapo,  3,-ti-bS,'po,  a  considerable  river  of  Venezuela, 
rises  in  lat.  3°  10'  N.,  Ion.  66°  44'  W.,  flows  nearly  W.  for 
about  70  or  80  miles,  then  turning  N.  falls  into  the  Orinoco 
at  San  Fernando.     Length,  about  140  miles. 

Atacama,  S,-t&-k&'m&,  the  northernmost  province  of 
Chili,  is  bounded  by  Bolivia  and  the  Argentine  Republic 
on  the  E.,  by  the  province  of  Coquimbo  on  the  S.,  and  by  the 
Pacific  on  the  \V.  It  consists  mainly  of  desert  plains  and 
arid  hills;  but  in  the  S.  and  among  the  Andes  there  aro 
fertile  valleys.  The  province  has  rich  mines  of  gold,  cop- 
per, and  silver, — the  two  latter  metals  being  produced  in 
great  abundance.  It  is  traversed  by  several  railways. 
Capital,  Copiap6.  Area,  according  to  the  official  estimate 
of  1889,  43,180  square  miles.     Pop.  66,067. 

Atacama,  a  former  department  of  Bolivia,  which  ex- 
tended from  the  Andes  to  the  Pacific,  covering  a  desert 
region,  rich  in  silver-mines,  and  producing  salt  and  sodie 
nitrate.  With  the  department  of  Mejillones  it  formed 
prior  to  the  war  of  1879-80  the  entire  seaboard  of  Bolivia. 

Atacames,  i-ti-ki'mfis,  a  small  seaport  town  of  Ecua- 
dor, 15  miles  S.W.  of  Esmeraldas. 

A'tahnam  or  At'tenam  River,  a  considerable  af- 
fluent of  the  Yakima  River,  in  the  S.E.  of  Washington 
Territory. 

Ataki,  8,-t8,'kee,  a  town  of  Bessarabia,  European  Russia, 
on  the  Dniester,  opposite  Moheelev.     Pop.  about  7000. 

Atalanta,  a  village  and  gulf  in  Greece.     See  Talanda. 

Atalaya,  8,-tS,-n'i,  a  town  of  Brazil,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Alagoas,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Alagoas  River.     Pop.  2000. 

Atalaya,  a  fort  of  Brazil,  80  miles  N.E.  of  Pard,  on  the 
Atlantic,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Pari  River. 

Atalaya,  i-ti-li'4,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Gran  Canaria, 
near  Las  Palmas,  the  habitations  of  which  are  excavated  in 
regular  terraces  on  the  side  of  Mt.  San  Antonio.    Pop.  2000. 

At^alis'sa,  a  post-village  of  Muscatine  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Goshen  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  <!:;  Pacific 
Railroad,  34  miles  W.  of  Davenport.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  about  300. 

Alalia,  a  village  of  Alabama.     See  Attalla. 

Atanjauja,  a  town  and  river  of  Peru.    See  Jau.ia. 

Atany,  ohHin',  a  village  of  Hungary,  4  miles  N.E.  of 
H6v6s.     Pop.  2783  (Calvinists). 

Ataraipu,  l-tS,-ri-poo'  (the  "  devil's  rock"),  a  remark- 
able isolated  pyramidal  granitic  peak  in  British  Guiana, 
lat.  2°  55'  N.,  Ion.  58°  48'  W.  For  350  feet  above  its  base 
the  mountain  is  wooded,  and  for  550  feet  more  it  rises  in  a 
pyramidal  form,  destitute  of  vegetation. 

Atarfe,  i-tan'fi,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  3 
miles  N.E.  of  Santa  F€.     Pop.  2093. 

Atasarai,  i-ti^si-ri',  or  IsMampoor',  a  town  of 
Bengal,  district  and  30  miles  S.  of  Patna.  It  has  a  great 
trade  in  produce,  and  especially  in  tobacco.     Pop.  4621. 

At^asco'sa,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
area  of  about  1050  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Atascosa  River,  and  tho  San  Miguel  River  crosses  its  S.W. 
portion.  The  surface  is  extensively  covered  with  forests. 
The  soil  is  fertile,  and  produces  pasture  for  large  herds  of 
cattle.  Capital,  Pleasanton.  Pop.  in  1870,  2915  j  in  1880, 
4217 ;  in  1890,  6459. 


Atascosa,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bexar  co.,  Tex.,  18  miles 
S.W.  of  San  Antonio. 

Atascosa  River  rises  in  the  S.  part  of  Texas,  rum 
southeastward  through  Atascosa  co.,  and  enters  the  Rio 
Frio  3  or  4  miles  from  its  mouth.     Length,  about  100  miles. 

Atash-Khouda,  Atash-Kudda.    See  Atesh-Ga. 

Atauai,  5,-tow-i',  or  Tauai,  tow-i',  also  written  Al 
Kaui,  Kauai,  Atooi,  and  Atui,  one  of  the  Sandwich 
Islands,  lat.  22°  8'  N.,  Ion.  159°  20'  W.,  about  240  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Hawaii.  It  is  of  an  oval  form,  40  miles  long, 
and  more  than  24  miles  in  greatest  breadth.  Area,  780 
square  miles.     Pop.  4961. 

Ataun,  S,-town',  a  decayed  town  of  Spain,  province  of 
Guipuzcoa,  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Tolosa,     Pop.  278, 

Atax,  the  ancient  name  of  Acde. 

Atbara,  it-bi'ri,  a  territory  of  Nubia,  sometimes  called 
the  island  of  Meroe,  it  being  partially  insulated  by  the  river 
Atbara  on  the  N.E.,  the  Bahr-el-Azrek  on  the  W.  and  S.W., 
and  the  Nile  on  the  N.W. 

Atbara  (anc.  Astab'oras),  a  river  of  Northeastern  Af- 
rica, rises  in  Abyssinia  near  Lake  Dembea,  and  runs  in  a 
N.N.W.  direction.  It  receives  a  large  affluent  named  Tacazze, 
traverses  Southern  Nubia,  and  enters  the  Nile  at  Ed-Damcr. 
Its  length  is  estimated  at  450  miles.  It  is  the  last  tributary 
that  the  Nile  receives.  The  Khedive  of  Egypt  has  con- 
structed a  barrage  or  dam  across  the  Atbara,  near  its  mouth, 
to  regulate  the  floods  of  the  region,  and  especially  to  exclude 
the  Nile  flood  from  the  crops  of  the  Atbara  Valley. 

Atbo,  a  town  of  Egypt.     See  Edfoo. 

Atcha,  an  Aleutian  island.    See  Atka. 

Atchafalaya  (atch-af-a-ll'a)  Bayou,  Louisiana,  is 
an  outlet  of  the  Red  River  or  of  the  Mississippi.  It  origi- 
nates at  the  N.  end  of  Point  Coupee  parish,  where  the  Rea 
River  enters  the  Mississippi.  It  runs  nearly  southward  to 
Chotimaches  Lake,  from  the  south  end  of  which  it  issues 
and  enters  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  (Atchafalaya  Bay)  at  the 
S.E.  extremity  of  St.  Mary's  parish.  Length,  about  220 
miles.  It  is  navigable  by  steamboats.  In  times  of  inunda- 
tion part  of  the  water  of  the  Mississippi  is  discharged  through 
this  channel.  There  is  danger  that  tho  Red  River,  which 
now  discharges  a  part  of  its  waters  through  the  Atchafalaya, 
may  make  it  the  principal  outlet ;  and  indeed  it  is  believed 
that  this  bayou  was  once  a  part  of  the  Red  River. 

Atchak,  or  Atcham,  an  Aleutian  island.     See  Atka. 

Atchera,  it-chi'ri,  a  town  of  British  India,  in  Bom- 
bay, on  the  Malabar  coast,  55  miles  N.  of  Goa. 

Atchin,  or  Atcheen,  East  Indies.     See  Acheen. 

Atchinsk,  i-cheensk',  a  town  of  Siberia,  government 
of  Yeniseisk,  75  miles  W.  of  Krasnoyarsk,  on  the  Choolim. 

Atchinsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Perm,  and 
in  the  vicinity  of  the  city  of  that  name. 

Atch'ison,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an 
area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  the  Missouri  River,  and  is  intersected  by  Grasshopper 
or  Delaware  Creek.  The  surface  is  pleasantly  diversified ; 
the  soil  is  fertile.  The  county  contains  a  large  proportion 
of  prairie  (about  90  per  cent.),  and  is  liberally  supplied 
with  timber  and  building-stone  (limestone).  Indian  corn, 
oats,  hay,  and  live-stock  are  the  staple  products.  It  has  ■ 
extensive  brick-making  plants,  producing  pressed  and  vitri- 
fied bricks  for  shipment.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
several  railroads,  which  are  noticed  under  Atchison  city, 
the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  15,507;  in  1880,  26,668;  in 
1890,  26,758. 

Atchison,  a  county  forming  the  N.W.  extremity  of 
Missouri,  has  an  area  of  about  700  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Nodaway,  and  on  the  W.  by  the 
Missouri  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Nishnabatona 
and  Tarkio  Rivers.  The  surface  is  partly  level  and  partly 
undulating ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  This  county  contains  ex- 
tensive prairies,  among  which  groves  or  forests  are  dis- 
tributed. The  staple  products  are  Indian  corn,  wheat,  pork, 
and  live-stock.  It  is  traversed  by  two  divisions  of  the 
Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  &  Council  Bluffs  Railroad.  Capi- 
tal, Rockport.     Pop.  in  1880,  14,566;  in  1890,  15,63.3. 

Atchison,  a  city  of  Kansas,  the  capital  of  Atchison  CO., 
is  pleasantly  situated  on  tho  right  bank  of  the  Missouri 
River,  35  miles  above  Leavenworth,  and  35  miles  below  St. 
Joseph.  It  is  at  an  elevation  of  1000  feet  above  the  sea- 
level.  Lat.  39°  34'  N. ;  Ion.  95°  10'  W.  Mean  annual  tem- 
perature, 52°.  By  railroad  it  is  21  miles  from  Leavenworth, 
and  50  miles  N.N.E.  of  Topeka.  It  is  the  W.  terminus  of 
the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  the  N.W.  terminus  of  a  branch 
of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  and  the  E. 
terminus  of  the  Atchison  <fc  Nebraska  Railroad  and  of  tho 
central  branch  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad.  It  is  also  tho 
E.  terminus  of  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad 


ATO 


542 


ATH 


wkieh  axteadfl  iSO  miles  to  OrankdA,  Colorado.  Another 
nilroad  passing  along  tho  opposite  side  of  the  river  oou- 
atota  it  with  St.  Joseph,  Ao.  On  the  8  railroiwis  that  meet 
kwn  72  traina  arrive  and  depart  daily,  of  which  48  are  pos- 
Mng«r  trains.  The  quantity  of  freight  received  by  rail  in 
one  year  ii  about  770,000,000  pounds.   Atchison  is  tho  fifth 

ttHy  of  tho  state  in  population.  It  has  12  ehnrohes,  sevenil 
bdUo  balls,  3  national  banks,  3  state  bunks,  a  large  and 
ne  central  school-house,  2  Catholic  colleges,  a  convent,  2 
daily  and  3  weekly  nenxpapers,  several  largo  hotels,  4 
louring-iuilla,  an  iron-foundry,  gas-works,  several  maohino* 
■bops  and  breweries,  and  uiunufauturcs  of  lumber,  furni- 
tare,  carriages,  candy,  steam-engines,  Ac.  A  flno  iron 
bridge  across  tlie  river  connects  the  city  with  several  rail- 
roads which  terminate  on  the  eastern  bank.  Pop,  in  187U, 
7054;  in  1875,  12,146;  in  1880,  15,105;  in  1890,  13,963. 

AtchiaOD)  a  township  of  Nodaway  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  1219. 

Atchison «  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co..  Pa.,  7 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  the  village  of  Claysville.  It  has  several 
shops  and  general  stores. 

AtchisoB  Junction,  a  post-olEce  of  Platte  co.,  Mo., 
on  the  S.W.  branch  of  tho  Chicago,  Kock  Island  &  Pacific 
Railroad,  at  tho  junction  of  the  Atchison  Branch,  22  utiles 
N.E.  of  Leavenworth. 

Atchouicf,  l-choo-yjr,  or  .\tschuiew,  &-choo-yfiv', 
a  small  port  in  Russia,  on  the  Sea  of  Azof,  about  50  miles 
N.W.  of  Yekaterinodar. 

Atcliu,  an  island  of  the  Pacifio.    See  Atka. 

Atchiyctf,  4-choo-y6Jl"',  or  Atchu,  i-choo',  an  island 
of  Russia,  in  the  Strait  of  Yenikalc. 

At'co,  a  post-village  of  Camden  co.,  N..J.,  on  tho  Cam- 
den <fe  Atlantic  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  New  Jer- 
sey Southern  Railroad  (Atsion  &  Atco  Branch)  and  with 
the  Williamstown  Railroad,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Philadelphia. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  glass-factory,  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Ateca,  &-t&'k&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Arngon,  5  miles  W. 
by  S.  of  Calatayud,  on  the  Jalon.     Pop.  3241. 

Atescrat,  i-t?h-gh§r-it',  a  town  of  Abyssinia,  state  of 
Tigre.  65  miles  N.N.W.  of  Antalo.     Pon.  2200. 

Ateibeh,  Attebe,  4-t4'b§h,  or  Oteba,  o-ti'bi,  a 
large  and  important  tribe  of  Bedouin  Arabs,  whose  terri- 
tories stretch  from  near  Mecca  to  tho  Persian  Gulf. 

Atelcta,  i-tA-14'ti,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Aquila,  23  miles  S.E.  of  Sulmona.     Pop.  2519. 

Atella,  4-t4ri4,  a  town  of  Italy,  6  miles  S.  of  Melfi,  on 
the  Atella,  an  affluent  of  the  Ofanto.     Pop.  2465, 

Atena,  i-t4'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  45 
miles  S.E.  of  Salerno.     Pop.  2841. 

Aterni  and  Atcrnum,  ancient  names  of  Pescara. 

Aterno,  i-t5«'no  (ane.  Ater'nu»),  a  river  of  Italy,  rises 
in  the  Apennines,  and  flows  into  the  Adriatic  at  Pescara. 
Length,  80  miles.  Below  the  mouth  of  the  Gizio  it  is  called 
tho  Pescara. 

Atcsh-Ga,  Atcch-Gah,  Atach-Gah,  4't?sh-g4', 
Atcsh-Kooda,or  Atash-Khouda,4't98h-koo'd4  (the 
"  place  of  fire"),  a  spot  on  the  peninsula  of  Apsheron,  on 
the  W.  coast  of  the  Caspian,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Bakoo,  the 
object  of  numerous  pilgrimages  by  the  Guebcrs,  who  wor- 
ship tho  fire  which  issues  from  it  by  the  ignition  of  the 
na])htha  with  whicli  the  soil  is  impregnated.  Atesh-Oa  is 
about  one  mile  in  diameter,  and  from  its  centre,  when  the 
weather  is  dry,  is  emitted  a  yellowish-blue  flame. 

Atcssa,  i-tfis'si,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Chioti,  12 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Vasto.  It  has  a  beautiful  collegiate  church, 
several  convents,  a  hospital,  and  mouls-de-]nete.    Pop.  9579. 

Atcste,  tho  ancient  name  of  Este. 

Atfeh,  at'fdh',  a  villogo  of  Lower  Egypt,  on  the  W. 
branch  of  the  Nile,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mahmoodeeyeh 
Canal,  88  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Cairo. 

Atfeh,  or  Atfieh,4t-fce',  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  tho  right 
bank  of  the  Nile,  40  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Cairo,  supposed  to  be 
near  the  site  of  the  ancient  Aphroditop' olis.     Pop.  4000. 

At'glen%  a  post-borough  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  in  Chester 
Valley,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  47  miles  W.  of  Phil- 
adelphia. It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  foundry, 
Uiill,  <to.     It  was  formerly  called  Penningtonville.    P.  400. 

Ath,  or  Aath,  &t,  a  town  of  Belgium,  province  of 
Ilainaut,  on  tho  I>ender,  at  tho  crossing  of  two  railways, 
20  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Toumay.  Pop.  8206.  It  is  well  built, 
and  has  a  college,  school  of  design,  orphan  asylum,  town 
hall,  and  various  manufactures. 

Ath^abas'ca,  or  Lake  of  the  Hills,  a  lake  of  the 
North-West  Territories,  Canada,  is  situated  ISO  miles  S.W. 
of  Slave  Lake.  Lat.  59°  N. ;  Ion.  106°-112°  W.  It  is  230 
miles  in  length,  and  averages  14  miles  in  width.  Near  its 
S.W.  extremity  it  receives  the  Athabasca  River.  It  dis- 
charges its  waters  northward  by  Slave   River,  communi- 


onting  through  Slave  Lake  and  Mackenzie  River  with  the 
Polar  Sea.  The  shores  of  the  Athabaiiea  to  the  northward 
are  high  syenilio  rock;  those  to  the  southward  are  alluviul, 
but  advancing  eastwardly  they  rise  into  barren  sandy  hilln 
]>erfe«tly  divested  of  vegetable  growth.  Near  the  lake  are 
mission  settlements.  This  lake  is  known  as  Luke  of  the 
Mountains  (Fr.  L»c  <len  Mouldj/nen,  I4k  di  mi.vHin'). 

Athabasca,  or  Uig  Athabasca,  a  river  of  the  North- 
West  Territories,  Canada,  draws  its  waters  from  the  glaeiera 
of  Mount  Brown,  a  peak  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  utid  also 
from  a  height,  called  the  Mielte  (me-df),  not  far  from  tho 
Leather  or  Yellow  Head  Pass.  Length,  a  little  under  lUOO 
miles.  The  river  is  tortuous,  and  has  a  N.E.  course,  and  its 
valley  is  reported  to  ofi°er  a  great  extent  of  arable  land.  It 
flows  into  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Athabasca  Lake. 

Athabasca,  a  district  of  the  North-West  Territories, 
Canada,  between  55°  and  60°  N.  lat.  and  111°  and  120° 
W.  Ion.  It  is  bounded  S.  by  Alberta,  and  W.  by  British 
Columbia.     Area,  122,000  square  miles. 

Atha'lia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.,  is  10  milei 
from  Huntington,  W.  Va.     It  has  2  churches. 

Athani,  a  town  of  India.    See  1Ii;ttanv. 

Athapas'ka,  or  Tin'nch,  a  stock  or  group  of  North 
American  Indian  tribes,  embracing  tho  Chippewyans,  Dog 
Ribs,  Coppermines,  Strongbows,  llares,  and  many  other 
tribes  of  British  America ;  also  the  Kootanies,  Carriers,  Ac, 
of  the  Pacific  coast,  and  m.any  of  tho  Alaska  Indians.  They 
are  represented  in  the  S.  by  the  Apaches,  Lipans,  Navajoea, 
and  some  Mexican  tribes.  The  languages  of  these  tribes 
are  regarded  as  branches  of  a  common  stem,  but  the  limits 
of  the  group  are  as  yet  not  well  defined. 

Athboy',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Mcath,  on  an  affluent 
of  the  Boync,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Trim.     Pop.  8S1. 

Ath'eluey,  a  small  tract  of  about  100  acres  in  Englmd, 
CO.  of  Somerset,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Bridgewater,  and  formerly 
an  isliuid  at  the  junction  of  the  Tone  and  Parrot  Rivers, 
Hero  Alfred  tho  Great  took  refuge  during  tho  Danish  inva- 
sion, and  founded  an  abbey,  ai)out  the  year  888. 

Ath'elstan,  or  St.  Michael,  a  post-village  in  Hun- 
tingdon CO.,  Quebec,  5i  miles  from  Huntingdon.     Pop.  150. 

Ath'elstane,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  Kansas,  15 
miles  N.  of  Abilene. 

Athe'na,  a  post-borough  of  Umatilla  co.,  Oregon,  on 
two  railroads,  42  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Walla  Walla.  It  hag 
4  church  organizations,  a  bank,  and  2  newspaper  offices. 
Pop.  in  1890,  495. 

Athens,  ath'enz  (anc.  Athe'nx,  Gr.  "Afl^i-at,  pronounced 
by  the  modern  Greeks  5,-thee'n4),  the  capital  of  Greece,  and 
not  only  for  ages  the  centre  of  European  civilization,  but 
still,  in  many  respects,  to  the  scholar  and  the  artist,  the 
most  interesting  city  in  the  world.  Its  site,  magnificent 
for  scenery,  is  about  4  miles  N.E.  of  the  Gulf  of  TEgina,  in 
an  e.\tengivo  plain,  watered  by  the  Ilissus  and  Ccphissus, 
and  surrounded  by  hills  on  all  sides,  except  towards  the 
soa,  where  it  gives  a  fine  view  of  the  gulf  and  numerous 
islands.  This  plain  is  broken  by  ridges  of  limestone,  sev- 
eral of  which,  with  their  intervening  valleys,  are  partly  oc- 
cupied by  the  city ;  while  tho  highest  of  them  rises  pre- 
cipitously and  forms  the  Acropolis  or  citadel.  The  chief 
approaches  to  Athens  are  one  on  the  W.,  by  way  of  Eleusis, 
over  a  well-made  carriage  road,  in  a  plain  remarkable  for 
the  luxuriant  beauty  of  its  oleanders ;  and  another  on  the 
S.AV.,  by  the  harbor  of  Piraeus,  along  a  tract  which  is  now 
covered  with  vineyards,  olive-yards,  and  fig-plantations.  A 
railway  7  miles  long  extends  from  Athens  to  the  Pirceus, 
built  along  one  of  the  famous  "  long  walls;"  for  in  its  most 
prosperous  days  Athens  enclosed  a  large  space,  including  not 
only  the  city  proper,  but  also  a  long,  narrow  suburb,  stretch- 
ing continuously  to  tho  Pirffius,  and  was  surrounded  by 
walls  which  had  a  circuit  of  nearly  20  miles.  Parts  of 
these  walls  still  remain,  particularly  on  tho  S.  and  W. 

Athens  had  once  two  other  ports,  both  near,  namely, 
Munychia  and  Zea:  and  the  harbor  of  Phaleron  was  at  one 
time  more  important  than  either  of  these:  but  as  the  I'irajus 
became  the  seat  of  commerce  their  importance  declined. 

The  Acropolis,  or  ancient  centre  of  Athens,  on  which  most 
of  its  noblest  monuments  are  placed,  is  an  isolated,  rocky 
height,  rising  150  feet  above  the  adjacent  plain,  and  II. 'iS 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Its  summit  is  enclosed  by 
walls  2330  yards  in  circuit.  The  modern  city  is  built  mostly 
on  its  W.  and  N.  sides.  The  palace  at  the  foot  of  Mount 
Lyeabettus  is  a  quadrangular  building,  300  feet  in  length 
by  280  in  breadth,  with  two  internal  courts,  a  portico  of 
Pentelic  marble,  and  richly-decorated  apartments.  The 
university  (founded  in  1836),  a  fine  modern  building,  con- 
tains an  anatomical  theatre,  a  library  of  120,000  volumes, 
and  has  60  professors  and  teachers,  and  1300  students.   Thers 


ATH 


34t; 


ATH 


are,  besides,  a  gymnasium,  a  military  and  an  ecclesiastical 
academy,  a  polytechnic  school,  a  seminary  for  teachers,  a 
botanic  garden,  barracks,  civil  and  military  hospitals,  a 
cathedral,  an  English  chapel,  Protestant  and  Greek  ceme- 
teries, a  royal  mint,  a  chamber  of  representatives,  a  theatre, 
and  an  observatory.  It  is  the  residence  of  the  sovereign, 
and  the  seat  of  Greek  and  Latin  archbishops.  One  of  the 
most  important  institutions  is  the  Arsakeon,  a  seminary 
with  an  average  attendance  of  1000  girls.  There  are  also 
Other  large  and  excellent  schools. 

Athens  has  few  manufactures,  and  no  important  trade, 
though  it  has  an  excellent  harbor,  called  by  its  ancient 
name  of  Pirajus.  It  is  very  deep  and  capacious,  forming  a 
large  basin,  which  is  somewhat  difficult  of  entrance.  Pi- 
ra;us  itself,  instead  of  being  a  mere  suburb,  is  now  an  im- 
■ortant  town.     It  has  been  almost  entirely  built  since  1834. 

The  city  is  said  to  have  been  founded  by  Cecrops,  B.C. 
1550;  it  fell  to  Rome,  B.C.  86;  since  then  it  has  belonged 
successively  to  Goths,  Byzantines,  Burgundians,  Franks, 
Catalans,  Florentines,  Venetians,  and  Turks.  Principal 
antiquities,  the  Acropolis,  or  ancient  citadel,  surmounted  by 
the  Parthenon,  an  edifice  of  white  marble,  228  feet  in  length 
by  100  feet  in  breadth,  and  still  tolerably  perfect ;  the  Brech- 
theum,  a  building  90  feet  in  length ;  remains  of  the  Tem- 
ple of  the  Wingless  Victory  (restored) ;  the  Propy.lasa,  or 
grand  entrance  in  front  of  the  foregoing  temples ;  and  the 
theatre  of  Ilerodes  Atticus,  at  the  S.W.  angle  of  the  Acrop- 
olis. N.  of  the  Areopagus  is  the  Temple  of  Theseus,  one  of 
the  most  perfect  monuments  of  ancient  Athens,  having  34 
remaining  Doric  columns  outside,  and  containing  a  rich 
Qiuscum  of  antiquities.  Other  interesting  points  are  the 
Areopagus,  or  Mars'  Hill,  where  St.  Paul  addressed  the 
Athenians;  the  Pnyx,  where  popular  meetings  were  held; 
the  Eleusinium;  the  prison  of  Socrates,  and  Tower  of  the 
Winds ;  vestiges  of  the  Temple  and  Theatre  of  Bacchus,  the 
Grotto  of  Apollo  and  Pan,  and  the  extensive  Roman  baths. 
Outside  of  the  city,  16  Corinthian  columns,  60  feet  in  height, 
on  a  raised  platform,  remain  of  the  temple  of  Jupiter 
Olympius,  and  near  the  Ilissus  the  stadium,  or  ancient 
race-course,  is  still  traceable.  Athena  became  the  seat  of 
the  Greek  government  (removed  hither  from  Nauplia)  in 
1835.  Pop.  in  1879,  63,374;  in  1884,  84,903.  Athens  was 
named  in  honor  of  Minerva  (in  Gr.  'AO^i/rj,  Athene),  who 

was  regarded  as  the  tutelary  goddess  of  the  city. Adj. 

and  inhab.  Athenian,  5,-thee'ne-an. 

Ath'ens,  a  county  in  the  S.B.  part  of  Ohio,  borders 
on  West  Virginia.  Area,  about  475  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Hocking  River,  which  enters  the  Ohio  River 
in  this  county,  and  it  is  drained  by  Shade  River  and  Federal 
and  Sunday  Creeks.  The  Ohio  River  forms  its  southeastern 
boundary  for  4  or  5  miles.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  diver- 
sified with  several  broad  and  beautiful  valleys ;  the  soil  is 
fertile.  Forests  of  the  ash,  buckeye,  chestnut,  hickory, 
white  oak,  sugar-maple,  and  other  trees  cover  nearly  one- 
third  of  its  area.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  cattle,  hay,  butter, 
and  wool  arc  the  staple  products.  Many  mines  of  good 
bituminous  coal  have  been  opened  in  this  county,  which 
also  has  plenty  of  carboniferous  limestone.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Marietta,  Columbus  &  Northern,  the  Columbus, 
Hocking  Valley  &  Toledo,  the  Kanawha  <fc  Ohio,  and  the 
Toledo  <fc  Ohio  Central  Railroads.  Capital,  Athens.  Pop. 
in  1870,  23,768;  in  1880,  28,411;  in  1890,  35,194. 

Athens,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Limestone  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  railroad  which  connects  Nashville  (Tenn.)  with  Mont- 
gomery, 108  miles  S.  of  Nashville,  and  14  miles  N.  of  De- 
catur. It  has  a  court-house,  9  churches  (4  white,  5  colored), 
a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  lumber-  and  cotton-mills, 
and  is  the  seat  of  a  Methodist  female  college  and  of  the 
State  Agricultural  School,     Pop.  in  1890.  940, 

Athens,  Montgomery  co.,  Ala.    See  Ramgr. 

Athens,  a  city,  capital  of  Clarke  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Oconee  River,  at  the  N.  terminus  of  the  Athens  Branch  of 
the  Georgia  Railroad,  92  miles  W.N.W.  of  Augusta,  and  70 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Atlanta.  It  is  also  the  S.E.  terminus  of 
the  Northeastern  Railroad.  Mean  annual  temperature,  60°. 
It  is  the  scat  of  the  University  of  Georgia  (non-sectarian), 
which  was  founded  by  the  state  in  1801  and  has  15  pro- 
fessors and  a  library  of  about  20,000  volumes.  Here  is  also 
the  "Georgia  State  College  of  Agriculture  and  Mechanic 
Arts,"  which  was  organized  in  1872.  Athens  contains  a 
city  hall,  a  court-house,  the  Franklin  College,  12  churches, 
4  banks,  printing-offices,  which  issue  3  weekly  newspapers, 
8  or  3  cotton-factories,  1  foundry,  1  flour-mill,  1  manufac- 
tory of  furniture,  Ac,  besides  a  female  institute  and  a 
l)ome  school  for  girls.  It  is  an  important  market  of  cotton 
Qf  which  about  25,000  bales  are  received  here  annually. 
Fop.  in  1890,  8639. 


Athens,  a  village  of  Cook  co..  Ill,    See  Lemont. 

Athens,  a  hamlet  of  Embarras  township,  Edgar  co., 
111.,  J  mile  from  Isabel  Station. 

Athens,  a  post-village  of  Menard  co.,  III.,  on  the  San- 
gamon River,  and  on  the  Jacksonville  and  Southeastern 
Railroad,  13  miles  N.  by  W.  from  Springfield.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  bank,  2  coal  companies,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Pop.  in  1890,  944. 

Athens,  or  New  Athens,  a  village  of  St.  Clair  co., 
111.,  on  the  Kaskaskia  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis,  Belle- 
ville &  Southern  Illinois  Railroad,  30  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Louis. 
The  name  of  the  post-office  is  New  Athens.    Pop.  (1890)  624. 

Athens,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas,  about  100| 
miles  N.W.  of  Junction  City. 

Athens,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  rail- 
road from  Lexington  to  Mt.  Sterling,  8  miles  S.E.  from 
Lexington.     It  has  2  churches  and  several  stores. 

Athens,  a  post- village  of  Claiborne  parish.  La.,  about 
45  miles  B.N.E.  of  Shreveport.     It  has  2  churches. 

Athens,  a  post-hamlct  of  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  in  Athens 
township,  about  50  miles  N.  of  Augusta,  on  an  affluent  of 
the  Kennebec  River.  It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 
The  township  has  several  lumber-mills.    Pop.  in  1890,  1072. 

Athens,  a  post-village  of  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.,  on  Notto- 
way River,  17  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Battle  Creek.  It  has  2 
churches,  2  banks,  Indian  basket-works,  a  grist-mill,  a 
foundry,  a  machine-shop,  a  carriage-shop,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  441 ;  of  the  township,  1469. 

Athens,  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  co..  Miss.,  5  miles  N.K. 
of  Aberdeen. 

Athens,  a  post-village  of  Clarke  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Des 
Moines  River,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Keokuk.  The  trains 
of  the  Keokuk  &  Des  Moines  Railroad  run  along  the  oppo- 
site bank  of  the  river,  Athens  is  i  mile  from  Croton  Station. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Athens,  a  township  of  Gentry  co..  Mo.     Pop.  2211. 

Athens,  a  post-town  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  is  on  the  W. 
bank  of  the  Hudson  River,  opposite  the  city  of  Hudson, 
and  28  miles  S.  of  Albany.  A  steam  ferry-boat  plies  be- 
tween this  place  and  Hudson.  Helderbcrg  limestone  is 
quarried  here  and  burned  for  lime.  The  village  has  7 
churches,  2  schools,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures 
of  earthenware,  brick,  and  ship-building.  It  is  the  southern 
terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  New  York  Central  Railroad. 
Pop.  in  1890,  2024  ;  of  Athens  township,  2876, 

Athens,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  on  tho 
Hocking  River,  and  on  the  Baltimore  <t  Ohio  Railroad,  76 
miles  S.E.  of  Columbus,  and  40  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Mari- 
etta. It  is  the  southeast  terminus  of  the  Columbus,  Hock- 
ing Valley  &  Toledo  Railroad,  It  is  the  seat  of  the  Ohio 
University,  founded  by  the  state  in  1804,  and  of  a  stata 
asylum  for  the  insane.  Three  weekly  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished hero.  It  has  1  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  and  5 
churches;  also  2  planing-mills,  and  manufactures  of  furni- 
ture, machinery,  and  water-wheels.  Pop.  in  1880,  2457  ; 
in  1890,  2650;  of  township  in  1890,  5016. 

Athens,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  0,     Pop.  1232. 

Athens,  a  post-borough  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  is  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Susquehanna,  2  miles  above  the  mouth 
of  the  Chemung,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Elmira,  and  15  miles  N. 
of  Towanda.  It  is  on  the  Pennsylvania  &  New  York  Rail- 
road, 3  miles  from  its  junction  with  the  Erie  Railroad.  It 
has  a  national  bank,  a  graded  school,  6  churches,  2  weekly 
newspapers,  a  tannery,  a  steam  brewery,  and  manufactures 
of  furniture,  iron  bridges,  and  farm-implements.  Pop.  ia 
1890,  3274;  of  township,  4748. 

Athens,  a  township  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1317. 

Athens,  a  post-village,  capital  of  McMinn  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad,  65 
miles  S.W.  of  Knoxville,  and  56  miles  N.E.  of  Chattanooga. 
It  has  a  court-house,  a  bank,  and  3  weekly  newspaper 
offices.  Here  is  the  U.  S.  Grant  University.  Athens  also 
has  an  academy,  a  female  seminary,  6  churches,  and  a 
flour-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  2224. 

Athens,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Henderson  co.,  Tex., 
about  190  miles  N.N.E.  of  Austin  City,  and  36  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Palestine.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  in  1880,  368;  in  1890,  1035. 

Athens,  a  post-township  of  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  about  18 
miles  N.  of  Brattleborough.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  296. 

Athens,  a  post-village  of  Leeds  co.,  Ontario,  situated 
W.  of  Brockville,  on  the  Brockville,  AVestport  &  Sault  Sainta 
M.arie  Railroad.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  high  school, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  1000. 

Athens  Junction,  a  station  in  Schenectady  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  3  miles  S.B.  of  Schenec- 
tady, at  the  junction  of  the  Athens  Branch  Railroad. 


ATH 


544 


ATL 


Ath'ensTille,  a  post-village  of  Greono  oo.,  III.,  in  Mount 
Airy  township,  about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Springfield.  It  has 
ft  town  hall,  a  flour-mill,  and  2  general  stores. 

Athcnsvillet  Pa.    See  AnnuonK. 

Ath'erley,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Lake  Siincoo,  with  a  station  on  tho  Northern  Railroad 
(Muskokft  Branch),  3  miles  from  Orillia.  It  contains  saw-, 
grist-,  carding-,  and  fulling-mills.     Pop.  400. 

Ath'erstonCv  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Warwick,  and 
on  a  railway,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Tamworth.     Pop.  3667. 

Ath'erton,  or  Chow'bcnt,  a  town  or  England,  in 
Lancashire,  4  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Bolton.  Pop.  7631,  mostly 
employed  in  collieries,  cotton-factories,  and  iron-works. 

Ath'erton,  a  post-village  of  Vigo  co.,  Ind.,  in  Otter 
Creek  township,  on  the  Evansville,  Terre  Haute  A  Chicago 
Railroad,  10^  miles  N.  of  Terre  Haute.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  about  150. 

Athesis,  the  Roman  name  of  the  AmoE. 

Athgurh,  Athgarh,  ath^gQr',  or  Aut^gur',  a  native 
territory  of  Orissa,  In(ria,  on  tho  Mahanuddy.  Area,  121 
square  miles.     It  is  subject  to  great  floods.     Pop.  26,366. 

Athia,  4Hee',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Orne,  on 
tho  Paris  &  Corbeil  Railway,  10  miles  S.  of  Paris.  It  has 
manufactures  of  woollen  stuffs  and  ribbons.     Pop.  4140. 

Ath'Icagne,  a  parish  and  village  of  Ireland,  in  Con- 
naught,  counties  of  Roscommon  and  Qalway. 

Athiegar,  an  ancient  name  of  Athy. 

Athlone,  ath-l6ne'  {Aihluan,  "ford  of  the  moon"),  a 
town  of  Ireland,  on  both  sides  of  the  Shannon,  counties  of 
Westmeath  and  Roscommon,  76  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Dublin. 
The  castle  of  Athlone,  erected  in  tho  reign  of  King  John 
and  enlarged  and  strengthened  in  that  of  Queen  Elizabeth, 
18  now  strongly  fortified  in  the  modem  style.  The  town 
was  incorporated  by  a  charter  from  James  I.,  and  received 
a  further  charter  from  Charles  II.  The  barracks  can  ac- 
commodate 2000  men  :  to  it  an  ordnance-yard,  magazines, 
an  armory  with  muskets  for  15,000  men,  and  a  hospital,  are 
attached.  The  Shannon  is  navigated  by  steamboats,  and 
several  railways  meet  here.  The  town  has  active  manu- 
factures and  trade.  Athlone  sends  one  member  to  the 
British  House  of  Commons.     Pop.  of  town,  6566. 

Ath'lone,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroo  co.,  Mich.,  in  Ash 
township,  3  miles  from  Carlton  Railroad  Station,  and  10 
miles  from  Monroo.     Pop.  about  150. 

Athinullik,AthinaIIik,orAatmanik,aut-mul'lIk, 
a  tributary  state  of  Orissa,  India,  partly  in  lowlands  subject 
to  overflow  from  the  river  Mahanuddy,  which  bounds  it  on 
the  S.  and  W.     Area,  730  square  miles.     Pop.  14,536. 

Athni,  a  town  of  India.     See  Huttany. 

Athol,  Athole,  or  Atholl,  i'thol,  a  district  of  Scot- 
land, in  the  N.  part  of  Perthshire.  Area,  450  square  miles. 
It  gives  the  title  of  duke  to  the  head  of  the  Murray  family. 
■  A'thol,  a  post-office  of  Sioux  co.,  Iowa. 

Athol,  formerly  Athol  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Wor- 
cester CO.,  Mass.,  on  Miller's  River,  and  on  the  Vermont  A 
Massachusetts  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Athol 
branch  of  the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad,  48  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Springfield,  and  33  miles  W.  of  Fitchburg.  It  has  a 
high  school,  .3  churches,  2  banks,  1  foundry,  and  manu- 
factures of  boots,  shoes,  woollen  cloth,  sash  and  blinds, 
furniture,  billiard-tables,  piano-cases,  Ac.  Three  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  in  Athol.  It  is  about  1  mile 
from  Athol  Centre.     Pop.  of  the  township  (1890),  6319. 

Athol,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.Y.,  about  62 
miles  N.  of  Albany,  and  2  miles  W.  of  the  Hudson  River. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  saw-mill.  It  is  1  mile  from  the 
Adirondack  Railroad. 

Athol,  a  post-village  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  near  Douglass- 
Tille  Station.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  about  300. 

Ath'ol,  a  village  on  the  Intercolonial  Railway,  in  Cum- 
berland CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  12  miles  from  Amherst. 

Athol  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 
in  Athol  township,  on  Miller's  River,  and  on  the  Fitchburg 
Railroad,  32  miles  W.  of  Fitchburg,  and  48  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Springfield.  It  has  4  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  high 
school,  a  fine  music-hall,  and  manufactures  of  boots,  shoes, 
furniture,  sash,  doors,  blinds,  and  folding  settees.  Here  are 
the  buildings  and  grounds  of  the  Worcester  Northwest 
Agricultural  and  Mechanical  Societies.   Pop.  in  1880,  1372. 

Ath'os  (called  by  the  modern  Greeks  the  Holy  Moun- 
tain), a  mountain  of  Turkey,  at  the  extremity  of  the  penin- 
sula of  Chalcis,  80  miles  S.E.  of  Salonica,  6778  feet  in  eleva- 
tion. Lat.  40°  16'  N. ;  Ion.  24°  10'  E.  The  flanks  of  this 
mountain  are  occupied  by  several  villages  and  22  convents, 
besides  many  chapels,  cells,  and  grottoes,  which  serve  as  the 
habitation  of  more  than  3000  monks ;  those  called  hermits 
live  in  cavos.     This  was  the  scat  of  the  first  seminary  of  the 


Greek  Church,  and  its  most  celebrated  theological  school; 
hero,  also,  are  preserved  remains  of  famous  libraries  which 
have  fXimishod  to  learned  Europe  the  MSS.  of  many  mas- 
terpieces of  ancient  Greek  literature.  Vestiges  of  the  oaiml 
cut  by  Xer.xcs  to  avoid  the  dangers  of  circumnavigating  the 
promontory  have  been  discovered. 

Athy,  ath-i'  (ano.  Athlegar,  the  "western  ford"),  a 
market-town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kildaro,  on  tho  Iturrow, 
here  crossed  by  a  bridge,  and  on  an  arm  of  the  Grand  Caiml, 
33i  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Dublin.  It  is  tho  scat  of  cuiiiity 
assizes,  and  has  trade  in  corn,  butter,  and  malt.    Pop.  ^.'ilo. 

Atibaia,  i-te-bi'i,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  of  Sao 
Paulo,  on  a  river  of  its  own  name,  110  miles  S.S.E.  of  Santos. 

Atienza,  i-te-Cn'th&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Custilo, 
48  miles  S.W.  of  Soria.     Pop.  2000. 

Atina,  A-tee'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Cascrta,  11 
miles  S.E.  of  Sora,  near  the  Melfa.  It  has  a  convent  and  a 
hospital,  was  formerly  a  bishopric,  and  is  one  of  the  most 
ancient  towns  of  Italy.  It  has  some  manufactories  of 
carpets.  Pop.  421 1.  Another  ancient  Atina  is  the  present 
town  of  Atena  (which  see). 

Atitlan,  l-tee-tl4n',  a  lake,  town,  and  volcano  of  Cen- 
tral America,  80  miles  N.W.  of  Guatemala.  The  lake  ii 
24  miles  in  length  from  E.  to  W.,  by  10  miles  in  breaiith, 
very  deep,  and  surrounded  by  lofty  mountains.  The  town 
(Santiago  de  Atitlan)  ison  its  S.  side,  between  two  volcanoes. 
Elevation  of  the  volcano  of  Atitlan,  12,500  feet. 

Atjih,  a  town  of  Sumatra.     See  Acheen. 

At'ka,  or  Atcha,  it'chl,  written  also  Atcha,  At- 
cham,  Atehak,  Atschak,  or  Askha,  one  of  tho 
Aleutian  Islands,  of  the  Andrenovian  group,  Ion.  175°  W  , 
about  75  miles  long  by  10  miles  broad.  At  its  E.  point  i?  a 
harbor,  near  which  are  a  volcano  and  a  hot  spring.    Pop.  50. 

Atkarsk,  it'kaRsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  50  miles  N.W.  of 
Saratov,  on  the  Atkara  River.     Pop.  8311. 

Atkha,  an  island  of  Alaska.     See  Atka. 

At'kins,  a  post-village  of  Pope  co.,  Ark.,  on  the  Little 
Rock  A  Fort  Smith  Railroad,  64  miles  N.W.  of  Little  Kock. 
It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  2  flour-mills,  about  10  stores, 
and  a  newspaper  office.  Nearly  4000  bales  of  cotton  are 
shipped  here  in  a  year.     Pop.  660. 

Atkins,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  14  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Port  Huron. 

Atkins,  a  station  in  Laramie  co.,  Wyoming,  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  14  miles  E.  of  Cheyenne. 

At'kinson,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co..  III.,  in  Atkin- 
son township,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 30  miles  E.  of  Rock  Island.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
graded  school,  and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  about  600. 

Atkinson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benton  co.,  Ind.,  in  Oak 
Grove  township,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  and  on  the 
Cincinnati,  Lafayette  A  Chicago  Railroad,  23  miles  W.  of 
Lafayette. 

Atkinson,  a  post-township  of  Piscataquis  co..  Me., 
about  32  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bangor.     Pop.  810. 

Atkinson,  a  post-town  of  Holt  co..  Neb.,  58  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Neligh.  It  has  5  churches,  3  banks,  and  2 
newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  701. 

Atkinson,  a  post-township  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.H., 
about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Manchester.  It  has  an  academy 
and  2  churches.     Pop.  488. 

Atkinson  Depot  (de'pS),  a  post-hamlet  of  Rocking- 
ham CO.,  N.H.,  in  Atkinson  township,  on  the  Boston  i 
Maine  Railroad,  4  miles  N.N.W.  of  Haverhill.  Mass. 

Atkinson  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mifflin  co..  Pa., 
about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Lewistown. 

At'kinsonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.,  about 
32  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Terre  Haute. 

At'kins  Tank,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smyth  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Atlantic,  Mississippi  A  Ohio  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Marion. 

Atlan'ta,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co.,  Ark.,  about  46 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Camden.     It  has  3  churches  and  2  mills. 

Atlanta,  a  post-village  of  San  Joaquin  co.,  Cal.,  in 
Dent  township,  6  miles  from  Ripon  Railroad  Station.  It 
has  a  church. 

Atlanta,  at-lan'ta,  a  flourishing  city,  capital  of  Geor- 
gia, and  seat  of  justice  of  Fulton  co.,  is  situated  on  an  ele- 
vated ridge  dividing  the  waters  of  the  Chattahoochee  Kiver 
from  the  rivers  that  flow  into  the  Atlantic,  at  an  altitude 
of  1100  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  It  has  a  remark, 
ably  healthy  and  equable  climate,  the  mean  annual  tem- 
perature being  about  60°  Fahrenheit,  with  a  cool  and  salu- 
brious atmosphere.  Its  latitude  is  33°  44'  58"  N.,  longitude 
84°  30'  W.  from  Greenwich.  It  is  7  miles  S.E.  of  the  Chat- 
tahoochee River.  Seven  railroads  converge  at  Atlanta, 
mostly  trunk  lines,  and  leading  from  such  important  cities 
as  Augusta,  171  miles  distant;  Knoxville,  Tenn.,  204  miles; 


ATL 


545 


ATL 


;  Savannah,  294  miles;  Chattanooga,  152  miles;  Charlotte, 
N.C.,  268  miles;  Columbus,  290  miles;  Athens,  67  miles; 
,  Marietta,  20  miles,  <fec.  Atlanta  has  an  extensive  and 
rapidly  increasing  trade.  The  amount  t^f  goods  sold  by 
jobbers  annually  is  valued  at  about  $50,000,000;  bales  of 
cotton  received  and  marketed  about  300,000.  A  very  large 
trade  is  carried  on  in  horses  and  mules,  and  the  tobacco 
i  trade  is  the  largest  south  of  Richmond.  There  are  15  banks, 
with  an  aggregate  capital  of  $3,817,051. 

In  the  census  returns  of  1890  there  were  given  333  in- 
dustrial establishments,  with  a  capital  of  $7,894,870,  and 
employing  7680  hands,  the  product  for  the  year  aggregating 
in  value  $11,239,591.  Prominent  among  these  were  manu- 
factories of  carriages  and  wagons  and  cotton  goods,  foun- 
dries and  machine-shops,  furniture-factories,  lumber-  and 
planing-mills,  Ac.  There  are  besides  numerous  small  manu- 
facturing establishments.    There  are  4  first-class  hotels,  all 

'  within  a  short  distance  of  the  large  Union  depot,  one  of 
which,  a  fire-proof  structure  built  and  equipped  at  a  cost 

'  of  $1,000,000,  is  7  stories  in  height.     Twenty-five  periodi- 

I  cals  are  published, — 2  daily,  11  weekly,  1  semi-monthly, 

'  and  11  monthly.  There  are  70  churches,  with  an  aggregate 
seating  capacity  of  60,000.  The  chief  public  buildings 
are  the  custom-house,  state-house  (erected  at  a  cost  of 
$1,000,000),  and  opera-house.  Atlanta  has  an  excellent 
system  of  public  schools,  embracing  about  20  gramuiar- 

,  schools  (for  both  white  and  colored  children),  2  high 
schools,  and  several  good  private  schools.  Other  institu- 
tions are  the  Atlanta  University,  for  the  education  of  colored 

I  young  men  and  women  (with  an  attendance  of  about  600) ; 
Clark  University,  open  to  students  without  regard  to  sex 

'  or  color,  and  connected  with  which  are  Gammon  Theologi- 
cal  Seminary   and   normal    and   industrial    departments; 

'  Spelman  Seminary  for  women  and  girls  (with  about  900 

■  students),  Baptist  Seminary,  School  of  Technology,  the 
'  Georgia  Military  Institute,  2  medical  colleges,  a  business 

college,  Ac.  The  Young  Men's  Library  is  an  admirable 
institution,  with  attractive  rooms,  and  8000  volumes. 
I  The  principal  streets  radiate  from  the  centre  of  the  city, 
I  and  are  traversed  by  lines  of  street-cars.  The  city  limits 
I  comprise  a  perfect  circle,  with  a  diameter  of  3  miles,  and 
with  its  centre  at  the  Union  passenger  depot.  Atlanta  was 
'   settled  in  1840 ;  was  incorporated  as  the  village  of  Marthas- 

■  ville  in  1842;  as  Atlanta,  in  1847.  Pop.  in  1850,  2572;  in 
'  ISfiO,  9554;  in  1870,  21,879;  in  1880,  37,409;  in  1890, 
:  65,533.  It  was  captured  by  the  Union  troops  under  Gen. 
1  Sherman,  September  2,  1864,  who  destroyed  the  business 
i   portion  of  the  city  on  leaving  it  about  a  month  later. 

(       Atlanta,  a  post-village  of  Elmore  co.,  Idaho,  about  60 
i   miles  B.N.E.  of  Boisg  City.     Gold  is  found  here. 
I       Atlanta,  a  post-village  of  Logan  co..  III.,  in  Atlanta 
I    township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Kailroad,  and  on  the 
!    Illinois  Midland  Railroad,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Bloomington, 
and  39  miles  N.N.E.  of  Springfield.    It  is  situated  on  a  high 
and  fertile  prairie.    It  has  a  bank,  5  churches,  a  neivspaper 
office,  a  graded  school,  2  steam  flouring-mills,  2  hotels,  2 
banks,  Ac.     Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1178. 
'       Atlanta,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  Ind.,  12  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Noblesville.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  600. 

Atlanta,  a  post-village  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas,  20  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Winfield. 

Atlanta,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Mich.,  28 
miles  E.  of  Gaylord.  It  has  a  church  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  250. 

Atlanta,  a  post-village  of  Macon  co..  Mo.,  11  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Macon  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Atlanta,  a  post-village  of  Phelps  co..  Neb.,  7  miles  by 
rail  S.AV.  of  Holdrege.     it  has  2  churches. 

Atlanta,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pickaway  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Muskingum  Valley  Railroad,  91  miles  N.E.  of  Cincinnati. 

Atlanta,  a  city  of  Cass  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Texas  A 
Pacific  Railroad,  27  miles  N.  of  Jefferson,  and  31  miles  S. 
by  AV.  of  Texarkana.  It  has  2  academies,  6  churches,  2 
banks,  and  2  newspaper  offices.  About  7000  bales  of  cotton 
are  shipped  here  annually.     Pop.  in  1890,  1764. 

Atlan'tic,  a  county  in  the  S.S.E.  part  of  New  Jersey, 
has  an  area  of  about  565  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  by  Little  Egg  Harbor  River,  and  on  the  S.B.  by 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  is  intersected  by  Great  Egg  Harbor 
River.  The  surface  is  level ;  the  soil  is  sandy  and  rather 
poor.  It  contains  extensive  forests  of  small  pine-trees.  It 
18  intersected  by  three  railroads,  which  traverse  the  state 
from  Camden  to  Atlantic  City.  Capital,  May's  Landing. 
Pop.  in  1870,  14,093;  in  1880,  18,704;  in  1890,  28,836. 

Atlantic,  a  city,  capital  of  Cass  co.,  Iowa,  in  Atlantic 
township,  on  the  East  Nishnabatona  River,  and  on  the 
Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Railroad,  82  miles  W.  by 


S.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  a  national  bank,  3  other  banks, 
printing-offices  issuing  a  daily  and  4  weekly  papers,  13 
churches,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  4354. 

Atlantic,  a  post-hamlet  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  in  Quincy 
township,  on  Boston  harbor,  6  miles  S.  of  Boston.  It  is  on 
the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Granite 
Branch,  which  is  the  oldest  railroad  in  the  United  States, 
It  has  an  iron-foundry  and  a  felting-mill. 

Atlantic,  a  seaside  resort  and  station  in  Revere,  Suffolk 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston,  Revere  Beach  A  Lynn  llailroad, 
5  miles  N.E.  of  Boston. 

Atlantic,  a  township  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J,  Pep. 
1713.     It  contains  Colt's  Neck,  Scobey ville,  Ac. 

Atlantic,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Atlantic  A  Great  Western  Railroad,  19  miles  S.W.  of  Mead- 
ville.     It  has  1  church.     Pop.  about  150. 

Atlantic,  a  post-hamlet  of  Accomac  co.,  Va.,  is  on  or 
near  the  sea-coast,  11  miles  from  Stockton,  Md.  It  haa  a 
church  and  about  12  houses. 

Atlantic  City,  a  pleasure-  and  health-resort  of  Atlantic 
CO.,  N.J.,  60  miles  S.E.  of  Philadelphia,  and  on  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  is  on  a  narrow  sandy  island  called  Absecon  Beach, 
extending  from  Great  Egg  Harbor  Inlet  on  the  S.W.  to 
Absecon  Inlet  on  the  N.E.  It  is  the  S.E  terminus  of  the 
Camden  A  Atlantic  Railroad,  the  West  Jersey  Railroad, 
and  the  Philadelphia  A  Atlantic  City  Railroad.  The  island 
is  10  miles  long,  }  of  a  mile  wide,  and  4  to  5  miles  from 
the  mainland.  Here  is  a  good  beach  for  bathing;  also  a 
first-order  light-house,  called  Absecon  Light,  near  the  N. 
point  of  the  island.  Atlantic  City  was  incorporated  in 
1854.  It  has  15  churches,  2  daily  and  5  weekly  newspaper 
offices,  about  2000  cottages  and  residences,  and  some  400 
boarding-houses  and  hotels.  Atlantic  Avenue,  the  princi- 
pal business  street,  is  100  feet  wide,  and  is  crossed  at  right 
angles  by  many  other  avenues,  bearing  the  names  of  the 
states  of  the  Union.  There  are  also  avenues  named  Arctic 
and  Pacific,  extending  parallel  with  Atlantic  Avenue.  The 
city  has  gas,  electric  lights,  and  electric  street-cars.  Per- 
manent population  (greatly  increased  during  the  summer) 
in  1870,  1043;  in  1880,  5477;  in  1890,  13,055. 

Atlantic  City,  a  village  of  Norfolk  co.,  Va.,  on  Tan- 
ner's Creek,  1  mile  N.  of  Norfolk.  It  has  a  church.  It  is 
mainly  supported  by  ship-building  and  the  oyster  business. 

AtlanticCity,  a  post-village  of  Fremont  CO., Wyoming, 
is  on  the  N.E.  slope  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  near  the  South 
Pass.     It  has  1  public  school.     Gold  is  found  near  this  place. 

Atlantic  Island,  in  the  Pacific,  in  Micronesia,  lat.  1° 
5'  N.,  Ion.  16°  5'  E.,  half-way  between  the  E.  extremity  of 
the  Caroline  group  and  the  S.  end  of  the  Ralick  chain. 

Atlantic  Mine,  a  post-office  and  mining-village  of 
Houghton  CO.,  Mich.,  in  Adams  township,  5  miles  from 
Houghton.     It  has  a  copper-mine.     Pop.  about  400. 

Atlantic  Ocean,  a  vast  expanse  of  water  which  sepa- 
rates America  from  Europe  and  Africa,  and  extends  from 
the  Arctic  to  the  Antarctic  circle.  It  is  only  half  as  large 
as  the  Pacific  Ocean.  The  part  of  it  which  is  enclosed  by 
land  on  both  sides  is  about  7000  miles  long.  The  greatest 
breadth  is  about  4400  miles,  and  the  narrowest  part  is  nearly 
1600  miles  wide.  It  is  the  only  ocean  widely  open  at  the 
north,  extending  from  pole  to  pole,  the  only  ready  channel 
for  the  exchange  of  the  polar  and  equatorial  waters.  It  has 
been  compared  by  Humboldt  to  a  long  valley  with  parallel 
sides,  the  projecting  body  of  Africa  fitting  into  the  recess  of 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  the  Caribbean  Sea,  as  South  America 
and  Cape  St.  Roque  fit  into  the  Gulf  of  Guinea.  This  ocean 
is  divided  by  the  equator  into  two  portions,  the  North  At- 
lantic and  South  Atlantic.  The  principal  islands  enclosed 
by  it  are  the  British  Islands,  the  Antilles,  Iceland,  and  New- 
foundland. It  is  remarkable  for  the  extent  of  the  inland 
seas  which  are  connected  with  it,  namely,  the  Baltic,  the 
Mediterranean,  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  Hudson's  Bay. 
"The  main  feature  of  the  Atlantic  basin,"  says  Guyot, 
"  seems  to  be  a  deep  valley  which  runs  with  an  average 
depth  of  20,000  feet  or  more,  along  and  parallel  to  the 
coasts  of  the  New  World.  A  large  swell,  over  10,000  feet 
higher,  bearing  perhaps  the  islands  of  Tristan  d'Acunha, 
St.  Helena,  Ascension,  and,  in  the  North  Atlantic,  the  Azores, 
separates  it  from  another  valley,  only  15,000  feet  deep,  which 
stretches  along  and  close  to  the  coast  of  Africa.  Both  val- 
leys rise  northward  and  are  confounded  in  one  basin  on  the 
so-called  telegraphic  plateau  between  Newfoundland  and 
Ireland,  whose  average  depth  is  about  12,000  feet,  and  the 
greatest  2400  fathoms,  or  14,000  feet."  The  greatest  depth 
of  the  Atlantic  has  not  been  ascertained.  Some  navigators 
claim  to  have  made  soundings  where  the  water  was  45,000  feet 
deep ;  but  "  the  methods  of  sounding  employed,"  says  Dana, 
"  have  been  shown  to  be  unsatisfactory,  and  the  results  there- 


ATL 


540 


ATK 


Ibre  «re  raluelem."  The  ChaUonger  expedition  of  1873, 
•uploying  the  nearly  perfect  methods  of  Inter  years,  ob- 
tniued  n  raaximuin  depth  of  23,260  foot  about  100  miles 
N.  of  St.  Thomas  (West  Indies.)  The  principal  currents  of 
the  Atlantic  arc  the  oquatoriiil  current  and  the  Gulf  Stream. 
The  former  flowt  westward  from  the  Gulf  of  Guinea,  with  a 
Telocity  of  30  to  70  miles  a  day.  Near  Cape  St.  lloque  it 
divides  into  two  branches,  one  of  which  runs  southward 
along  the  coast  of  Brazil,  and  the  other  flows  along  the 
eoast  of  Guiana  into  the  Caribbean  Sea.  From  this  sea 
it  emerges  under  the  niinie  of  Gulf  Stream,  and  passing 
cbli-tiy  around  the  W.  end  of  Cuba,  through  the  Florida 
Strait,  it  runs  along  the  coast  of  the  United  States,  grad- 
ually expanding  in  volume  and  decreasing  in  velocity.  (See 
Oui.r  Stkkau.)  Turning  eastward,  it  crosses  the  Atlantic 
to  the  Aiores,  and  divides  into  two  branches,  one  of  which 
proceeds  to  the  British  Isles.  The  other  branch  runs  south- 
wanl  to  the  tropical  parts  of  Africa.  The  Gulf  Stream  is 
dUtinguished  from  the  other  parts  of  the  ocean  by  its  higher 
temperature  and  blue  color.  The  confluence  of  two  of  these 
currents  in  the  North  Atlantic  forms  a  great  whirlpool  or 
eddy,  which  collects  avastquantity  of  sea-weed  whicn  floats 
on  the  surface  and  has  no  roots.  This  part  of  the  sea,  which 
is  said  to  have  an  area  of  many  thousand  Fijuare  miles,  is 
called  the  Mar  de  Sargasso.  The  botanical  name  of  the 
weed  is  Sargastum  bacci/erum.  It  is  rendered  buoyant  by 
email  air-vessels  or  bladders  attached  to  the  leaves.  The 
southwest  wind  which  is  prevalent  in  the  North  Atlantic 
enables  a  sailing-vessel  to  make  a  voyage  from  New  York 
to  Liverpool  in  about  22  days,  whereas  the  voyage  in  the 
opposite  direction  requires  35  or  more  days  on  an  average. 
Four  cables  hr.ve  been  extended  across  this  ocean  to  convey 
electric  telegraphs  between  Europe  and  the  United  States, 
and  one  from  Lisbon  to  Brazil. 

There  is  no  reason  to  believe  that  the  ancients  had  any 
definite  or  adequate  idea  of  the  extent  of  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  though  doubtless  in  very  early  times  they  were 
familiar  with  the  existence  of  a  groat  western  sea,  which — 
in  onler  to  distinguish  it  from  the  Mediterranean — the 
Greeks  named  'ArAawTKcri  OaAao-a-a  {Atlrintihe  thalassa),  or 
'ATAoKTHcbv ire'Aayos  {Allantikon  pelagog),  the  "  Atlantic  sea," 
or  the  sea  beyond  Mount  Atlas.  Horace  calls  it  (Lib.  I. 
Ode  31)  Atlanticum  JEqHor,tho  "Atlantic  [watery]  plain." 

Atlan'ticville,  or  North  Long  Branch,  a  post- 
hnmlet  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  sea-coast,  and  on  the 
Central  Railroad  (North  Long  Branch  Station),  29  miles  S. 
of  New  York,  and  2  miles  N.  of  Long  Branch. 

Atlanticville,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
^outhamjiton  township,  on  the  ocean,  about  9  miles  S.  of 
Riverhead.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  179. 

At'las,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co..  III.,  in  Atlas  town- 
ship, about  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  Quincy.  The  township  is  on 
the  Mississippi  lliver,  and  contains  a  village  named  Rock- 
port,  which  is  a  railroad  station.     Total  pop.  15S4. 

Atlas,  a  post-village  of  Genesee  co.,  Mich.,  6  miles  E. 
from  Grand  Blanc  Station,  and  8  miles  S.  of  Flint,  in 
Athens  township.  It  has  2  churches  (5  in  the  township), 
a  district  school,  a  flour-mill,  woollen-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 
Pop.  200;  of  the  township,  1256. 

Atlas,  a  post-hamlet  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  in  Somerset 
township,  about  38  miles  N.N.E.  of  Marietta,  and  10  miles 
8.  of  Barnesville  Station  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad. 
It  has  2  churches,  several  stores,  and  other  business  places. 
Pop.  100. 

Atlas  Mountains,  a  mountain-system  in  North  Africa, 
the  S.  extremity  of  which  commences  near  Cape  Noon,  in 
lat.  28°  46'  N.,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and,  after  traversing 
Morocco,  Algeria,  and  Tunis,  terminates  on  the  coast  of  the 
Mediterranean  Sea,  about  Ion.  11°  E.  The  general  course 
of  these  mountains  is  from  W.S.W.  to  E.N.E. ;  except  along 
the  W.  coast  of  Morocco,  they  form  no  chains  or  definite 
ranges,  but  consist  of  a  congeries  of  elevations,  sometimes 
isolated  and  sometimes  connected,  with  endless  branches  and 
offsets,  irregularly  diffused  over  nearly  the  whole  N.W.  of 
Africa;  but  the  tendency  among  recent  geographers  is  to 
confine  the  name  to  the  portion  W.  of  Algeria.  The  Atlas 
Mountains  have  been  divided  generally  into  two  principal 
and  parallel  ranges,  running  nearly  E.  and  W.,  the  one 
called  the  Greater  and  the  other  the  Lesser  Atlas ;  the  latter 
lying  towards  the  Mediterranean,  and  the  former  adjoining 
the  Sahara  or  Great  Desert,  from  which  it  is  separated  by 
low,  sandy  hills.  The  entire  course  of  the  principal  chain 
may  be  reckoned  at  about  1500  miles,  measured  from  Capo 
Noon,  on  the  Atlantic,  to  Cape  Bon  or  Ras  Adder,  on  the 
Mediterranean.  Little  is  known  of  the  heights  of  the  Atlas 
Mountains.  The  highest  ascertained  elevation  is  that  of 
Miltseen,  in  Morocco,  stated  by  Captain  Washington  to  be 


11,400  feet  high ;  but  their  general  altitude  is  moderntc,  an 
they  do  not  shoot  up  into  lofty  peaks,  but  consist  principally 
of  bi-oad  ridges  and  rounded  summits.  In  Algeria,  the 
main  crest  forms  a  wide  plateau.  As  respects  its  geology, 
our  information  supplies  only  the  fact  that  granite,  gneiss, 
and  schist  ajipear  on  the  higher  peaks,  and  the  lower  jjnrts 
of  the  ridges  are  formed  of  secondary  limestone.  On  the 
8.,  the  lower  ranges  are  covered  with  (late-i)alni  trocs: 
hence  the  name  of  this  region,  Ilclcd-el-Jerccd  ("the  land 
of  dates").  Higher  up,  gum  trees,  almonds,  and  olives 
abound ;  while  on  the  table-lands  the  fruits  of  Europe  are 
grown  in  great  qiuintitics.  Higher  still  occur  forents  of 
immense  pines.  The  mineral  riches  of  the  Atlas,  so  fur  as 
known,  are  silver,  antimony,  lead,  copper,  iron,  rock  salt, 
saltpetre,  Ac,  but  in  no  part  are  there  extensive  mines  at 
present  wrought.  From  ttie  N.  and  W.  slopes  flow  the  ])rin- 
cipal  rivers  of  Morocco  and  Algeria  to  the  Atlantic  O'^can 
and  Mediterranean  Sea;  and  from  their  S.  slopes  flow  nu- 
merous streams,  which  are  absorbed  in  the  Sahara. 

The  name  Atlas  is  said  to  have  been  derived  from  Atlac, 
King  of  Mauritania,  who,  according  to  ancient  fable,  having 
been  transformed  into  a  mountain,  supported  the  heavens 
on  his  shoulders.  From  the  name  of  tnis  mountain-region 
came  the  name  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean. 

The  ancients  used  the  name  in  a  vague  way ;  and  the 
legendary  Atlas,  a  single  peak,  cannot  now  be,  and  never 
could  be,  identified  with  any  mountain  in  the  range ;  but 
the  ancient  geographers  seem  to  have  applied  the  name  to 
several  of  the  coast-hills  of  Mauritania,  especially  to  some 
near  Cape  Spartcl  and  others  near  Capo  Ghir. 

At'lean,  an  unincorporated  township,  Somerset  co.,  Me. 

Atlean  Lake,  in  the  uninhabited  part  of  Somerset 
CO.,  Me.,  is  traversed  by  the  Moose  River,  one  of  the  head- 
streams  of  the  Kennebec. 

At'lee's  Station,  a  post-ofliico  of  Hanover  co.,  Vn.,  on 
the  Chesapeake  k  Ohio  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Richmond. 

Atlixco,  It-lix'ko,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Pucbia, 
in  a  very  fertile  district,  celebrated  for  its  fruits  and  its  fine 
climate,  20  miles  S.  of  Puebla. 

At'na  or  Copper  River,  a  large  stream  of  Alaska, 
reaches  the  sea  about  lat.  60°  17'  N.,  Ion.  145°  20'  "\V..  by 
several  mouths.  Little  is  known  regarding  its  course,  which 
is  generally  southward.  From  its  valley  the  natives  pro- 
cure large  masses  of  pure  copper. 

At'nah  Indians,  a  tribe  or  group  of  small  tribes  of 
Indians,  chiefly  found  in  British  Columbia.  They  aro 
probably  of  the  Selish  or  (so-called)  Flathead  stock. 

Atoka,  a-to'ka,  a  post-village,  the  capital  of  the  Choc- 
taw Nation,  Indian  Territory,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  ii 
Texas  Railroad,  52  miles  N.N.E.  of  Denison,  Tex.  Coal  is 
found  near  it.  It  has  5  church  organizations  and  a  printing- 
ofiice,  from  which  3  journals  are  issued.     Pop.  1000. 

Atoka,  a  post-village  of  Tipton  co.,  Tenn.,  26  miles  by 
rail  N.N.E.  of  Memphis.  It  has  3  churches,  2  machine- 
shops,  and  a  steam  mill.     Pop.  about  300. 

Atoko,  i-to'ko,  one  of  the  smallest  of  the  Ionian  Islands. 
Lat.  38°  30'  N.  ,•  Ion.  20°  43'  E. 

Atoll,  il-toir.  or  Atollon,  i-tol-lon',  the  name  applied 
to  the  several  groups  of  coral  islands  composing  the  Mal- 
dive  Islands,  in  the  Indian  Ocean.  In  a  general  sense  an 
atoll  or  lagoon  island  is  a  circular  reef  or  coral  formation 
rising  out  of  the  sea  and  enclosing  a  lagoon. 

Atooi,  one  of  the  Sandwich  Islands.    See  Atattat. 

Atoque,  &-to'k4,  a  small  uninhabited  island  in  the 
Gulf  of  Panama. 

Atorkoo,  or  Atorkou,  4-tor'koo',  one  of  the  Kooril 
Islands.     See  Itoouoop. 

Atouguia,  i- too-ghee'J,,  or  Atouquia,  8,-too-kec'i,  a 
maritime  town  of  Portugal,  with  a  castle,  in  Estremadura, 
42  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Lisbon.     Pop.  2718. 

Atran,  i'trin,  a  small  river  of  Sweden,  forms  Lake 
Asunden,  and,  after  receiving  several  affluents,  falls  into 
the  Cattegat  at  Falkenberg. 

Atrani,  i-trA'nce,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Salerno, 
on  the  Gulf  of  Salerno,  1  mile  N.E.  of  Amalfl.     Pop.  2 134. 

Atrato,  i-trS.'to,  a  river  of  South  America,  in  the  United 
States  of  Colombia,  after  a  northward  course  of  about  200 
miles,  enters  the  Gulf  of  Darien,  W.  of  the  Bay  of  Cboco. 
It  is  navigable  for  small  vessels  to  CitarS,  140  miles  from 
its  source.  It  has  been  proposed  to  connect  this  river  with 
the  San  Juan,  whiofc  flows  S.,  and  thus,  by  means  of  a  canal, 
to  unite  the  Atlantic  with  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

Atraula,  a  town  of  India.     See  Atuowla. 

Atrauli,  a  town  of  India.     See  Attrowlee. 

Atrebates,  the  ancient  people  of  Artois. 

Atri,  8,'tree,  or  Atria,  8,'tre-3,  (anc.  Hm'dria  or  Tfa'tria 
Pice'na),  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  18  miles  S.E.  ol 


ATR 


547 


ITT 


Teramo,  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  many  interesting 
ancient  remains.  Tlie  Emperor  Adrian  was  originally  from 
this  city.  Pop.  9397. 
Atria,  an  ancient  name  of  Adria. 
Atripalda,  i-tre-pil'di,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
2  miles  E.N.E.  of  Avellino.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen 
stuffs.     Pop.  5726. 

Atrowla,  or  Atraula,  3,-trow'lS,,  a  town  of  India,  in 
Oude,  district  of  Fyzabad,  60  miles  N,  of  Benares.  Pop.  598S. 
Atschak,  an  Aleutian  island.    See  Atka. 
Atsena  Otie  Key,  Florida.    See  Cedar  Keys. 
Atsion,  at-si'on,  a  river  of  New  Jersey,  forming  a  part 
of  the  boundary  between  Atlantic  and  Burlington  counties, 
:  unites  with  the  Little  Egg  Harbor  River. 
I      Atsion,  a  post-village  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
I  Atsion  River,  and  on  the  New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad  at 
i  its  junction  with  the  Atco  Branch  and  with  the  Vineland 
i  Railroad,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Viaoland.     It  has  a  church  and 
i  &  cotton-mill. 

|:  Attah,  it'ti,  or  Iddah,  id'di,  a  town  of  Africa,  in 
(  Guinea,  on  a  high  bank  near  the  Niger,  100  miles  N.E.  of 
I  Aboh.  Lat.  7°  6'  N.  It  is  surrounded  by  plantations. 
I  Attakapas,  at-tuk'a-paw\  an  extensive  and  fertile 
i  dbtrict  in  the  S.  part  of  Louisiana.  It  produces  great 
i  quantities  of  sugar  and  molasses.  The  section  called  At- 
;  takapas  comprises  the  parishes  of  St.  Mary,  Iberia,  Ver- 
i  milion,  St.  Martin,  and  Lafayette ;  but,  although  often 
i  named  in  commercial  reports,  it  has  no  legal  existence,  and 
!  is  not  mentioned  in  the  census. 

i  Attakcmbo,  it-ti-kfim'bo,  one  of  the  smallest  of  the 
I  Feejee  Islands.  Lat.  18°  25'  S. ;  Ion.  179°  W. 
I  At'tala,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Mississippi, 
;  has  an  area  of  about  750  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
;  the  W.  by  the  Big  Black  River,  and  is  intersected  by  Pearl 
;  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is 
I  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  beech,  hickory,  oak, 
!  magnolia,  <fco. ;  the  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian 
'  corn,  pork,  and  live-stock  are  the  staple  products.  The 
I  Southern  Division  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railrojid  passes 
I  along  the  W.  border  of  this  county,  and  the  Aberdeen 
i  branch  of  the  same  line  intersects  it.  Capital,  Kosciusko. 
i  Pop.  in  1870,  14,776;  in  1 880,  19,988;  in  1890,  22,21.3. 
i  Attaliyeli,  a  town  of  Turkey.  See  Adaha. 
'  Attiil'la,  or  Atal'la,  a  thriving  post-town  and  rail- 
I  road  centre  of  Etowah  co.,  Ala.,  is  situated  at  the  W.  base 
!  of  Lookout  Mountain,  at  the  junction  of  five  railroads,  87 
i  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chattanooga.  It  has  3  cliurehes,  a  bank, 
j  2  acad(;mies,  a  newspaper  office,  iron-works,  and  manufac- 
tures of  cotton,  ice,  <fec.  Pop.  in  1880,  351 ;  in  1890, 1254, 
f  Attam,  itUUm',  a  considerable  town  of  Africa,  on  the 
\    Old  Calabar  River,  near  lat.  6°  37'  N.,  Ion.  9°  5'  E. 

Attanagar,  4t-tS.-n3,-gar',  a  town  of  India,  in  Oude,  65 

P    miles  E.S.E.  of  Lucknow.     Pop.  6000. 

I       AtUapul'gus,  ft  post-village  of  Decatur  co.,  Ga.,  10 

miles  from  Climax  Station,  and  about  70  miles  S.  by  W. 

of  Albany.    It  has  4  churches  and  an  academy.     Pop.  267. 

Attaram,  S,t-tl.-r.\m',  a  river  in  Tenasserim,  I3ritish 

'    Burmah,  having  its  source  in  the  mountains  that  separate 

i    Tenasserim  from  Siam.     It  falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Martaban, 

\    after  a  course  of  90  miles. 

!    _   Attawal,  A,t-ti-wai'  (Arab.  Al-tmcal,  i.e.,   "the  long 
island"),  an  island  of  the  Red  Sea,  with  a  large  village,  near 
the  Arabian  coast,  about  120  miles  N.W.  of  Yembo. 
!       Attendorn,  it'ten-doRn\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  West- 
^    pLalia,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Arnsberg.     Pop.  1537. 

Attenmut,  It'ten-moot,  a  native  village  of  Alaska,  in 
the  Nulato  Hills,  near  the  sources  of  the  Selawik  and 
Kunguk  Rivers. 

At'terberry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Menard  co.,  HI.,  on  the 
Springfield  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  28  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Springfield.     Grain  is  shipped  here. 

At'tercliffe,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West 
Riding,  li  miles  N.E.  of  Sheffield,  in  which  borough  it  is 
comprised.     Pop.  16,574,  chiefly  colliers  and  artisans. 

Attercliffe,  at't?r-clif,  a  post-village  in  Monck  co..  On- 
tario, on  the  Wolland  River  and  the  Canada  Southern  Rail- 
way, 8  miles  from  Canfield. 

Attersee,  it't^r-si',  or  Kammersee,  kim'mer-sA', 
a  lake  in  Austria,  40  miles  S.W.  of  Lintz,  12  miies  in 
length,  and  3  in  breadth.  The  river  Ager  flows  from  its  N. 
extremity.  The  decaying  village  of  Attersee  is  situated  on 
the  N.W.  side  of  the  lake. 

Attert,  it-tain',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Luxembourg, 
on  the  river  Attert,  4i  miles  N.  of  Arlon.     Pop.  2650. 

Attica,  at'to-ka  (Gr.  •Attik^,  Attike),  a  division  of 
Greece,  in  the  form  of  a  triangle,  two  sides  of  which  are 
Washed  by  the  JEgean  Sea,  while  the  third  is  separated 


from  Boeotia  by  the  mountains  of  Cithseron  and  Pames. 
The  principal  streams  are  the  Cephissus  and  Ilissus,  both 
very  small.  Mount  Pentelicus,  about  10  miles  N.E.  of 
Athens,  and  3500  feet  high,  has  inexhaustible  quarries  of 
excellent  marble,  and  silver,  with  lead,  was  and  still  is  ob- 
tained from  the  mines  of  Laurinm,  near  Sunhim.  The  chief 
vegetable  productions  are  the  vine  and  the  olive. 

Attica  and  B(cotia,  be-o'she-a,  a  nome  of  Greece, 
partly  insular  and  partly  mainland.  The  insular  part  con- 
sists principally  of  the  islands  of  Salamis  and  iEgina.  The 
mainland  part  joins  Phocis  and  Phthiotis  on  the  W.  and 
N.,  and  is  connected  with  the  Peloponnesus  on  the  S.  by 
the  Isthmus  of  Corinth.     Capital,  Athens.     Pop.  185,364. 

At'tica,  a  station  in  Monroe  co..  III.,  on  the  Cairo  ifc 
St.  Louis  Railroad,  19  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Louis. 

Attica,  a  post-town  of  Fountain  co.,  Ind..  on  the  Wa- 
bash  River,  and  on  several  railroads,  21  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Lafayette,  and  1^  miles  E.  of  Williamsport.  It  has  2 
national  banks,  6  churches,  a  fine  public-school  building,  a 
foundry,  quarries  of  good  sandstone,  and  manufactures  of 
carriages,  ploughs,  Ac.  Two  weekly  papers  are  issued  here. 
Pop.  in  1890,  2320. 

Attica,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Iowa,  8  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Knoxville.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  181. 

Attica,  a  post-town  of  Harper  co.,  Kansas,  47  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Wellington.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  largo 
creamery,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  800. 

Attica,  a  post-village  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.,  in  Attica 
township,  and  on  the  Eastern  division  of  the  Chicago  & 
Lake  Huron  Railroad,  27  miles  E.  of  Flint,  and  7  miles  E. 
of  Lapeer.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  2  planing- 
mills,  3  saw-mills,  1  tannery,  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  about 
500;  of  the  township  in  1890,  1527. 

Attica,  a  post-village  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Attica 
township,  on  Tonawancla  Creek,  and  on  the  Erie  Railway 
(Buffalo  line),  31  miles  E.  of  Bufl^alo.  at  the  junction  of  the 
Batavia  Branch  of  that  road,  43  miles  S.AV.  of  Bochester. 
It  is  the  southern  terminus  of  the  Attica  Branch  of  the  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  which  also  connects  it  with  Batavia.  It  has 
1  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  7  churches,  the  Attica  Colle- 
giate Institute,  a  newspaper  office,  a  tannery,  2  carriage- 
shops,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  1994. 

Attica,  a  post- village  of  Seneca  co.,  0.,  in  Venice  town- 
ship, on  an  affluent  of  the  Sandusky  River,  and  near  the 
Chicago  division  of  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  about  80 
miles  N.  of  Columbus,  and  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Tiffin.  It  has 
4  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  flour-mill, 
and  manufactures  of  sash,  blinds,  and  ploughs.     Pop.   700. 

Attica,  a  post-hamlet  of  Green  co..  Wis.,  on  Sugar 
River,  about  24  miles  S.  of  Madison.     It  has  a  church. 

Attigny,  it^teen'yee'  (anc.  Attiui'acum),  a  town  of 
France,  department  of  Ardennes,  74  miles  N.AV.  of  Vou- 
ziers,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Aisne.     Pop.  1S20. 

Attike,  the  Greek  for  Attica. 

Attil'a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Williamson  co.,  111.,  9  miles  N. 
of  Marion. 

Attinghausen,  It'ting-how'z^n,  a  village  of  Switzer- 
land, canton  of  Uri,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Altorf.     Pop.  520. 

Attlcborough,  at't^l-biir'ruh,  a  town  of  England,  co, 
of  Norfolk,  144  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Norwich.     Pop.  2064. 

Attleborough,  at'tcl-bilr'ruh.  a  post-village  of  Bristol 
CO.,  Mass.,  in  Attleborough  township,  on  the  Boston  4  Prov- 
idence Railroad,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  New  Bedford  Rail- 
road, 31  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Boston.  It  has  a  national 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  about  5  churches.  Pop.  in 
1880,  including  North  Attlcborough,  11,111;  in  1890,  ex- 
clusive of  North  Attleborough,  7577. 

Attleborough,  Bucks  co..  Pa.     See  Langhorne. 

Attleborough  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Bristol  co., 
Mass.,  in  Attleborough  township,  on  the  Boston  &  Provi- 
dence Railroad  (Attleborough  Branch),  16  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Providence.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  jewelry 
and  braid. 

Attleborough  Junction,  a  station,  Bristol  co.,  Mass., 
on  the  railroad  from  Taunton  to  Mansfield,  at  the  junction 
of  the  Attleborough  Branch,  2  miles  N.  by  W.  of  'Taunton. 

Attlebury,  at'tel-ber-re,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Dutchess  &  Columbia  Railroad,  42  miles  N.E. 
of  Newburg.     It  has  a  cheese-factory. 

Attock',  a  small  town  of  Hindostan,  in  the  Punjab,  on 
the  Indus,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Cabool  River,  40  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Peshawar.  The  Indus  is  here  crossed  by  a  rail- 
way bridge,  and  by  a  bridge  of  boats  537  feet  in  length. 
Pop.  2000.     Here  is  a  fort  erected  by  Akbar  in  1581. 

Attoo,  Attou,  or  Attu,  It-too',  the  westernmost  of 
the  true,  or  American,  Aleutian  Islands,  in  the  Pacifio 
Ocean.     Lat.  52°  58'  N.;  Ion.  187°  34'  W. 


ATT 


548 


AUB 


Attoor*  li-toor',  a  fortified  town  of  British  India,  prM> 
Idsnev  of  Madras,  26  milee  E.  of  Salem. 

AtHoyao'y  a  bayou  or  orceli  of  Toxaa,  runs  nearly 
•outhword,  forms  the  boundary  between  Nacogdoches  and 
Ban  Augustine  counties,  and  enters  the  Angelina  Kiver.  It 
U  about  90  miles  long. 

Attrnk,  a  river  of  Persia.    See  Attbuck. 

Attri ,  &t'tree,or  Atrai,  &'trl,  a  riverof  Bengal,  rises  near 
Darjeeling,  flows  due  S.,  and  divides  into  several  brunches, 
the  princi|mloncof  which  falls  into  the  Ganges  near  Pabna, 
its  whole  course  being  upwards  of  100  miles. 

Attrowlec,  or  Atruuli,  &t-trSw'lec,  a  city  of  India, 
in  Meerut,  Alighur  district,  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Alighur, 
near  the  great  canal  of  the  Doab.     Pop.  15,052. 

AtUruck',  or  Attrak,  &tHr&k',  a  river  of  Persia,  in 
Kborassiin,  has  a  AV.  course,  and  enters  the  Caspian  Sea 
on  the  E.  side,  45  miles  N.  of  Astrabad.  It  is  regarded  by 
Russia  as  a  part  of  her  trans-Caspian  boundary. 

Attu«  an  Aleutian  island.    See  Attoo. 

Atl'wuodf  a  post-towu  of  Perth  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
Grand  Trunli  Railway,  6  miles  from  Listowel.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  flour-  and  fiax-mills. 
Pop.  700. 

Atui,  one  of  the  Sandwich  Islands.     See  Ataitai. 

Atures,  &-too'rd8,  a  town  of  South  America,  in  Vene- 
auela,  on  the  Orinoco,  105  miles  N.N.E.  of  Sun  Fernando. 

Aturus,  the  ancient  name  of  the  river  Adour. 

At'water,  a  station  in  Merced  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Central 
Pnciflc  Railroad,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Merced. 

Atwater*  a  post-village  of  Macoupin  co.,  111.,  43  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Jacksonville.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  200. 

Atwater,  a  post-village  of  Kandiyohi  co.,  Minn.,  on 
the  Great  Northern  Railway,  89  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Paul. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  in  1890,  429. 

Atwater^  a  post-hamlet  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Cayuga 
Lake,  16  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Ithaca. 

Atwater,  a  post-village  of  Portage  co.,  0.,  in  Atwater 
township,  11  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Ravenna.  It  has  a 
church,  and  manufactures  of  stoneware,  Ac.     Pop.  300. 

Atwater^  a  post-hamlet  of  Dodge  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Chi- 
cago, Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Burnett. 

Atwater  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Portage  co.,  0., 
about  50  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Cleveland.     It  has  a  church. 

At'wood,  a  post-villngo  of  Piatt  co..  III.,  9  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Tuscola.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  high 
school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  530. 

Atwood,  a  post-village  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.,  6  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Warsaw.     It  has  2  churches. 

Atwood,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Rawlins  co.,  Kansas, 
95  miles  W.S.W.  of  Orleans,  Neb.  It  has  3  churches,  2 
banks,  and  2  newspapers.     Pop.  in  1890,  450. 

AtU'ood,  a  post-hamlet  cf  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.,  13  miles 
N.W.  of  Indiana.     It  has  a  church. 

Atwood,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Tenn.,  100  miles 
by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Memphis,  and  6  miles  N.E.  of  Milan.  It 
has  3  churches,  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

At'wood's  Key,  an  isl.and  of  the  Bahamas,  33  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Acklin  Island.  Lat.  23°  5'  N.;  Ion.  73°  43'  W. 

Atzara,  a  village  of  Sardinia.    See  Azzara. 

Atzendorf,  it's^n-donr,  a  village  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Magdeburg.     Pop.  2243. 

Atzgersdorf,  its'gh^rs-donr,  a  village  of  Austria,  6 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Vienna,  on  the  railway  from  Vienna  to 
Baden.  It  has  manufactures  of  chemical  products,  silks, 
and  wine.     Pop.  3628. 

All,  6w,  the  name  of  many  villages  in  Bavaria,  Baden, 
Upper  Austria,  Switzerland,  <fec. ;  and  of  one  in  Hungary, 
CO.  of  Hont,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Sehemnitz,  with  a  scat  be- 
longing to  Prince  Ferdinand  of  Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. 

Auach,  a  village  of  Scotland.    See  Avoch. 

Aiibagnc,  o^bifi'  (anc.  Alba'niaf),  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  Bouches-du-Rh6ne,  on  a  railway,  10  miles  E. 
of  Marseilles.  It  has  manufactures  of  pottery-ware  and 
paper,  tile-works,  tanneries,  Ac.     Pop.  7408. 

Aiib^bcnaab'bce,  a  township,  Fulton  co.,  Ind.  P.  745. 

Aube,  ob,  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  Haute-Marne, 
passes  Clairvaux,  Bar-sur-Aube,  and  Arcis  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Aube,  and  joins  the  Seine  23  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Troyes.    Length,  90  miles. 

Aube,  a  department  of  France,  on  the  Seine,  between 
the  departments  of  Marne,  Haute-Marne,  C6te-d'0r,  Yonne, 
and  Seine-et- Marne ;  between  lat.  47°  55'  and  48°  45'  N. ; 
formed  of  the  S.  part  of  the  province  of  Champagne  and  a 
small  part  of  Burgundy.  Area,  2351  square  miles.  Pop. 
255,217.  Climate  mild  and  humid.  Surface  mostly  level. 
The  soil  in  the  N.W.  part  is  poor  and  sterile ;  in  the  S.E.  it 


is  much  more  protluotive,  especially  in  cereals  and  fruit^ 
The  rivers  are  tuo  Seine,  the  Aube  (an  affluent  of  the  Seine), 
the  Armance,  and  the  Vannes  (an  afllucnt  of  the  Yonne). 
Many  work-horses,  cattle,  and  sheep  arc  reared.  The  man- 
ufacturing industry  is  active  in  i)ottery,  cotton  stufi's  and 
yam,  hosiery,  woollen  fabrics,  glass,  and  tiles.  Aube  is  di- 
vided into  the  arrondissemcnts  of  Troyes,  Arcis-sur-Aube, 
Bar-sur-Aube,  Bar-sur-Seine,  and  Nogent-sur-Seine. 

Aubel,  O'bir,  a  town  of  Belgium,  13  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Liege.     It  has  a  large  weekly  market.     Pop.  3050, 

Aubenas,  Ob^ni',  or  o^b^h-nls',  a  town  of  France,  de- 
partment of  ArdJche,  near  the  ArdiJdie,  14  miles  S.W.  of 
Privas,  situated  in  a  magnitlcent  basin,  surrounded  by  the 
extinct  volcanoes  of  the  Vivarois.  It  has  an  old  cnetle, 
silk-mills,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths,  handker- 
chiefs, and  paper.     Pop,  7694. 

Aiibciitoii,  o'b6N«'t6N»',  a  market-town  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Aisnc,  32  miles  N.E.  of  Loon.     Pop.  1549. 

Aubervilliers,  o'biu'vee'yi',  a  village  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Seine,  5  miles  N.  of  Paris,  with  sugar-refineriei 
and  numerous  manufactories.     Pop.  11,694. 

Aubetcrrc,  GbHain',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Charcnte,  25  miles  S.  of  Angoulemc. 

Aubiere,  o'be-aiu',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Puy-de-D6me,  2  miles  S.E.  of  Clermont.     Pop.  3767. 

Aubign6,  o^becn'yi',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Sarthe,  on  a  railway,  6  miles  S.  of  Mayet.     Pop.  2375. 

Aubigny,  O^bcen'yee',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Cher,  on  the  Ncrc,  27  miles  N.  of  Bourges.  Pop.  2545, 
There  are  several  villages  of  this  name  in  France. 

Aiibin,  O'biN"',  or  Albiii,  irb^K"',  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  Aveyron,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Villcfranchc.  It 
has  extensive  mines  of  coal.     Pop.  8863. 

Aiibonne,  o'bonn',  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Vaud,  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lausanne.     Pop.  1713. 

Aubrey,  aw'br?,  a  post-hamlet  and  landing  of  Mohave 
CO.,  Arizona,  on  the  Colorado  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Bill 
Williams  River,  235  miles  above  Yuma. 

Aubrey,  a  station  in  Hamilton  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Arkansas  River,  and  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  A  Santa  F6 
Railroad,  90  miles  W.  of  Dodge  City. 

Aubrey  (Stilwell  post-office),  a  village  of  Johnson  co., 
Kansas,  about  38  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lawrence,  and  12  miles 
S.E.  of  Olatbe.     It  has  a  church  and  a  high  school. 

Aubrey,  a  post-village  of  Denton  eo  ,  Tex.,  in  a  fine 
cotton-  and  fruit-growing  region,  46  miles  by  rail  N.N.E. 
of  Fort  Worth.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  200. 

Aubrey,  or  California,  apost-village  in  Chateaugnny 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  English  River,  4  miles  from  St.-Jean- 
Chrj'sostome.     Pop.  300. 

Auburn,  aw'biirn,  immortalized  by  Goldsmith  in  his 
"  Deserted  Village,"  is  supposed  to  have  been  the  village  of 
Lishoy,  in  Ireland,  co.  of  Westmeath,  near  Lough  Rca,  6 
miles  N.  of  Athlone.  Since  the  poet's  time  it  has  generally 
received  the  name  of  Auburn. 

Auburn,  aw'burn,  a  post- village  of  Lee  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Western  Railroad  of  Alabama,  60  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mont- 
gomery, and  6  miles  W.  of  Opelika.  Here  is  the  Agricul- 
tural and  Mechanical  College  of  Alabama,  founded  by  the 
state  in  1872.  Auburn  has  5  churches,  a  foundry,  Ac. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1440. 

Auburn,  a  post -hamlet  of  Lincoln  co..  Ark.,  on  the  Ar- 
kansas River,  90  miles  below  Little  Rock.    It  has  a  church. 

Auburn,  an  incorporated  city  and  health-resort,  capital 
of  Placer  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  North  Fork  of  the  American 
River,  and  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  36  miles  N.E.  of 
Sacramento,  and  about  40  miles  S.E.  of  Marysville.  It  has 
2  banks,  5  churches,  a  normal  college,  an  opera-house, 
several  large  hotels,  4  newspaper  offices,  and  breweries  and 
manufactures  of  wine.  Eight  miles  S.E.  of  Auburn  is  the 
remarkable  Alabaster  Cave.     Pop.  in  1890,  1595. 

Auburn,  a  post-village  of  Gwinnett  eo.,  6a.,  40  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Atlanta. 

Auburn,  a  village  of  Clark  co..  111.,  on  the  St.  Louis, 
Vandalia  A  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  22  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Terre  Haute.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Clark  Centre. 
Pop.  of  Auburn  township,  602. 

Auburn,  a  station  in  Cook  co..  111.,  on  the  Dummy 
Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Chicago. 

Auburn,  a  post-village  of  Sangamon  co..  111.,  in  Auburn 
township,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Springfield.  It  is  on  the 
Chicago  A  Alton  Railroad,  and  has  6  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper,  a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  carriages, 
flour,  and  farm-implements.     Pop.  in  1890,  874. 

Auburn,  a  flourishing  post-town,  capital  of  De  Kolb 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  Cedar  Creek,  and  on  the  Detroit,  Eel  River  A 
Illinois  Railroad,  where  it  crosses  the  Fort  Wayne,  Jackson 


AUB 


549 


AUG 


<fc  Saginaw  Railroad,  and  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad, 
23  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Fort  Wayne,  and  5  miles  S.  by  W. 
from  Waterloo.  It  has  a  court-house,  3  banks,  a  graded 
school,  8  churches,  2  newspapers,  flouring-mills,  steam 
saw-mills,  planing-mills,  and  manufactures  of  cigars,  soap, 
staves,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  2-115. 

Auburn,  a  village  of  Payette  co.,  Iowa,  in  Auburn 
tdwiiship,  on  Turiiey  River,  5  miles  N.W.  of  West  Union, 
and  about  80  miles  N.W.  of  Dubuque.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  graded  school,  2  flour-mills,  I  brewery,  3  stores,  Ac.  The 
name  of  the  post-office  is  Douglass.     Pop.  1192. 

Auburn,  a  post-town  of  Sao  co.,  Iowa,  about  15  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Lake  City.  It  has  2  churobes  and  a  bank. 
Pop.  174. 

Auburn,  a  post-village  of  Shawnee  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Auburn  township,  about  lb  miles  S.W.  of  Topeka.     It  has 

1  or  2  churches  and  a  cheese-factory.  Pop.  of  township,  656. 
Auburn,  a  post- village  of  Logan  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Louis- 
ville &  Memphis  Railroad,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Bowling  Green, 
and  about  50  miles  N.  of  Nashville,  Tenn.  It  has  a  high 
school,  4  churches,  and  a  steam  flouring-mill.     Pop.  610. 

Auburn,  a  city  and  the  capital  of  Androscoggin  co.. 
Me.,  is  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Androscoggin  River,  and  on 
the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  35  miles  N.  of  Portland,  and  31 
miles  S.W.  of  Augusta.  The  river,  which  falls  60  feet  near 
this  place,  separates  Auburn  from  the  city  of  Lewiston,  and 
the  Auburn  &  Lewiston  Railroad  connects  both  places  with 
the  Grand  Trunk  Railway.     It  has  a  court-house,  6  churches, 

2  national  banks,  2  savings-banks,  the  Auburn  High  School, 
2  newspaper  offices,  a  furniture-factory,  a  large  cotton-mill, 
a  tannery,  a  foundry,  and  extensive  manufactories  of  boots 
and  shoes.  The  capital  employed  in  the  shoe  business  in 
Auburn  is  $1,000,000.  In  1876,  3,665,700  pairs  of  boots 
and  shoes,  valued  at  $3,000,000,  were  manufactured  here. 
Pop.  in  1880,  9555;  in  1890,  11,250. 

Auburn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Auburn  township,  on  the  Norwich  &  Worcester  Railroad,  5 
miles  S.  of  Worcester.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  public 
library.     Pop.  of  township  in  1890,  1532. 

Auburn,  formerly  Skinner,  a  post-village  of  Bay  co., 
Mich.,  9  miles  W.  of  Bay  City,  has  a  church  and  2  saw-mills. 

Auburn,  a  station  in  Dakota  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  Hast- 
ings &  Dakota  Railroad,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Hastings. 

Auburn,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co.,  Mo.,  about  60 
miles  N.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  3  churches  and  the  Auburn 
Academy.  Here  is  a  deposit  of  fine  white  sand  fit  for  the 
m.anufacture  of  glass. 

Auburn,  an  enterprising  post-town,  the  capital  of 
Nemaha  co..  Neb.,  on  2  railroads,  38  miles  S.  of  Nebraska 
City,  and  84  miles  N.  of  Atchison,  Kan.  It  has  6  churches, 
2  banks,  4  newspaper  ofiiees,  and  numerous  stores  and 
Other  business  concerns.     Pop.  in  1890,  1537. 

Auburn,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Rockingham 
CO.,  N.H.,  about  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Concord.  Auburn 
Station,  on  the  Concord  &  Portsmouth  Railroad,  is  8  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Manchester.  It  has  2  churches  and  2  lumber- 
mills.     Pop.  815. 

Auburn,  a  post-village  of  Salem  co.,  N.J.,  on  Oldman's 
Creek,  23  miles  S.W.  of  Philadelphia,  and  4  miles  from 
Swedesborough.     It  has  a  church. 

Auburn,  a  city  and  the  capital  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  is 
on  the  Auburn  Branch  of  the  New  York  Central  Railroad, 
where  it  crosses  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  77  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Rochester,  173  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Albany,  and  31 
miles  S.  of  Oswego.  It  is  built  on  both  sides  of  the  outlet  of 
Owasco  Lake,  which  lies  2i  miles  S.S.E.  of  the  city.  The 
site  is  undulating,  or  moderately  uneven,  and  the  streets 
present  some  deviations  from  a  rectangular  plan.  Some  of 
the  streets  are  lined  with  elegant  residences  and  beautiful 
gardens  and  shrubberies.  The  principal  public  buildings, 
hotels,  and  places  of  business  are  on  Genesee  street.  They 
are  mostly  built  of  stone  or  brick. 

Auburn  is  the  site  of  a  state  prison, — a  large  stone  build- 
ing enclosed  by  a  high  wall.  The  convicts  (about  1200  in 
number)  are  employed  in  various  mechanic  arts  and  manu- 
factures. Within  the  same  enclosure  is  located  one  of  the 
New  York  state  insane  hospitals. 

The  Auburn  Theological  Seminary,  which  was  founded 
in  1821,  is  richly  endowed,  and  is  under  the  direction  of 
the  Presbyterians.  It  has  an  annual  attendance  of  about 
60  students,  and  a  library  of  11,000  volumes.  The  Auburn 
Academic  High  School,  founded  in  1866  (new  building, 
1890,  costing  $90,000),  has  an  annual  attendance  of  about 
250  pupils  male  and  female. 

Auburn  has  10  public  schools,  a  court-house,  1  private 
and  2  national  banks,  16  churches,  a  state  armory,  academy 
of  music,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  2  daily  and  5 


weekly  newsp.ipers.  Among  the  churches  of  Auburn  3  are 
Baptist,  1  Disciple,  2  Episcopal,  3  Catholic,  3  Methodist,  4 
Presbyterian,  and  1  Univer.salist.  The  chief  industries  are 
manufactures  of  iron,  carpets,  woollen  goods,  flour,  Ac,  for 
which  the  outlet  affords  motive-power.  There  is  also  a 
manufactory  of  reapers  and  mowing-machines,  said  to  be 
the  most  extensive  in  the  Union.  The  statesman  Wra.  H. 
Seward  resided  for  many  years  in  this  city,  and  was  buried 
here.     Pop.  in  1880,  21,924;  in  1890,  25,858, 

Auburn,  a  post-ofiico  and  station  of  Wake  co.,  N.C.,  on 
tho  North  Carolina  Railroad,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Raleigh. 

Auburn,  a  post-village  of  Walsh  co.,  N.D.,  7  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Grafton.     Pop.  about  250. 

Auburn,  a  township  of  Crawford  co,,  0.  Pop.  910,  It 
contains  Waynesburg. 

Auburn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Geauga  co.,  0.,  in  Auburn 
township,  about  28  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cleveland.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  of  township,  783. 

Auburn,  a  post-village  of  Baker  co.,  Oregon,  on  Pow- 
der River,  about  12  miles  S.W.  of  Baker  City. 

Auburn,  a  post-borough  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  on  tho 
Schuylkill  River,  and  on  the  Philadelphia  A  Reading  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  S.E.  of  Pottsville,  and  83  miles  N.W.  of 
Philadelphia.  It  is  the  E.  terminus  of  the  Schuylkill  A 
Susquehanna  Railroad.  It  has  5  churches,  and  manufactures 
of  bolts  and  nuts,  hosiery,  and  brick.     Pop.  in  1890,  880. 

Auburn,  a  township  of  Susquehanna  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
2006.    See  Auburn  Centre,  and  Auburn  Four  Corners. 

Auburn,  a  post-village  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  5  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Providence.  It  has  3  churches,  and  railway 
repair-shops,  cigar  and  safe  manufactures,  and  pickle- 
works.     Pop.  500. 

Auburn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cannon  co.,  Tenn.,  20  miles 
E.  of  Murfreesborough.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Auburn,  a  post-office  of  Ellis  co.,  Tex.,  14  miles  W.  of 
Waxahatchie. 

Auburn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  6  miles 
from  Wnrrenton.    It  has  a  ladies'  seminary  and  a  grist-mill. 

Auburn,  a  small  village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Va.,  6 
miles  from  Christianburg,.  It  has  one  free  church,  and  is 
situated  in  a  region  of  great  natural  beauty. 

Auburn,  Ritchie  co.,  W.  Va.    See  Newburg. 

Auburn,  a  township  of  Chippewa  co..  Wis.     Pop.  908. 

Auburn,  or  Manchester,  a  post-village  in  Huron 
CO.,  Ontario,  12  miles  from  Goderich.     Pop.  200. 

Auburn  Centre,  a  post-namlet  of  Susquehanna  co., 
Pa.,  in  Auburn  township,  about  32  miles  N.W.  of  Scranton. 

Au'burntlale,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co.,  Fla.,  72  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Sanford.  It  has  several  church  organ- 
izations.    Pop.  100. 

Auburndale,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass., 
on  the  Charles  River,  and  on  the  Boston  A  Albany  Railroad, 
10  miles  W.  of  Boston.  It  is  a  part  of  the  city  of  Newton. 
It  hiis  a  female  seminary  and  2  churches.     Pop.  about  500. 

Auburndale,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co..  Wis.,  on  tho 
Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  188  miles  N.W.  of  Milwaukee. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  176. 

Auburn  Four  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Susque- 
hanna CO.,  Pa.,  about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Scranton.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Auburn  Junction,  a  station  in  Providence  co.,  R.I., 
6  miles  S.W.  of  Providence,  on  the  Stonington  A  Providence 
Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  a  branch  railroad. 

Auburn  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Hanover  co.,  Va. 

Aubusson,  O^biis^sftNo',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Creuse,  on  a  railway,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Gueret,  on  the 
Creuse.  It  has  an  active  trade,  a  celebrated  carpet-factory, 
and  manufactures  of  woollen  stufis  and  yarn,  velvet,  and 
cotton  thread.     Pop.  6625. 

Auch,  Osh  (anc.  Augus'ta,  afterwards  Aua'ci),  a  city  of 
France,  capital  of  the  department  of  Gers,  on  the  Gers,  and 
on  a  railway,  42  miles  W.  of  Toulouse.  Pop.  13,087.  It 
stands  on  the  slope  of  a  hill,  crowned  by  a  Gothic  cathe- 
dral ;  the  upper  and  the  lower  town  are  connected  by  a 
curious  bridge  of  stairs  across  the  river.  The  archbishop's 
palace,  prefecture,  town  hall,  seminary,  public  library,  and 
barracks  are  fine  edifices.  Auch  is  the  seat  of  courts  of 
assize  and  commerce,  a  college,  Ac. ;  it  has  manufactures 
of  cottons,  linens,  coarse  woollens,  and  leather,  and  a  trade 
in  wool,  wine,  and  Armagnac  brandy.  In  the  times  of 
Caesar  this  city  was  the  capital  of  the  Auaci, 

Aucheehachee,  aw^chee-hatch'ee,  or  Auchene- 
hatchee,  a  small  river  of  Georgia.    See  Little  Ocmulcek. 

Auchel,  o'shfll',  a  village  of  France,  in  Pas-de-Calais, 
8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Norrent-Fontes,     Pop.  2830. 

Auchenairn,  &K^?n-aiRn',  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Lanark,  about  3  miles  N.E.  of  Glasgow.   At  a  short  diatanoa 


AOO 


550 


AUE 


B.W.  of  Anohonaira  ii  Robroyrton,  irhero  Wallace  wai  bo- 
tnrvd  by  the  "  fan»o  Mcnteath." 

Anchinblae,  ftKMn-bId',  a  village  of  Scotland,  oo.  of 
Klncanline.     Pop.  490. 

Anchinleck,  af-flok',  a  village  and  parish  of  Scot- 
land, CO.  and  11  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Ayr.  Pop.  1199.  Here 
»ro  the  manKion  and  old  awtleof  the  Boswoll  family,  visited 
and  described  by  Dr.  Johnson  in  1773, 

Auchterarder,  fiK't^r-an'd^r,  a  town  and  parish  of 
Perthshire,  Scotland,  on  a  railway,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Perth. 
Pop.  of  town,  2599.  The  town  is  on  the  Ruthvon,  an 
affluent  of  the  Earn.  In  this  parish  originntcd  the  dispute 
which  led  to  tho  secession  of  the  Free  Church  of  Scotland. 

Anchtermuchty,  AK't^r-muK'tee,  a  royal  bur^h  and 
parish  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife,  on  a  railway,  8  miles  W.S.W. 
•f  Cupar,  on  the  road  to  Kinross.     Pop.  of  town,  2195. 

Aucil'la^  or  OcilMa,  a  river  of  Florida,  forms  tho 
dividing  lino  between  Tuylor  and  Jefferson  counties,  and 
empties  into  Appulachee  Bay. 

Aucilla,  formerly  Williamsbnrg,  a  post- village  of 
Jefferson  co.,  Fhi.,  on  the  Aucilla  Kiver,  and  on  the  Florida 
Central  A  Peninsular  Railroad,  36  miles  E.  of  Tallabsissee. 
It  has  3  churches  and  a  free  school.     Pop.  about  200, 

Aucilla,  a  |K)st-village  of  Thomas  co.,  Ga.,  83  miles  S. 
by  E.  of  Albany,  and  15  miles  S.E.  of  Thomasville. 

Auckland,  awk'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tulare  co.,  Cal., 
20  miles  from  Dinubn. 

Auckland,  awk'land,  the  northern  provincial  district 
of  New  Zealand,  comprising  half  of  North  Island,  about 
400  miles  long.  Thu  climate  is  heathful,  mild,  and  equable, 
and  the  soil  fertile.  Gold,  copper,  tin,  iron,  coal.  Kauri 
gum,  timber,  and  flax  are  exported. 

Auckland,  a  town  of  New  Zealand,  formerly  the  cap- 
ital of  Auckland  province,  on  Waitamata  Inlet  (a  capacious 
harbor).  Railways  connect  it  with  Onohunga  and  Mercer. 
It  has  a  large  foreign  and  coastwise  sea-trade :  is  the  seat 
of  Anglican  and  Catholic  bishops ;  has  several  daily  and 
weekly  papers,  a  hospital,  a  lunatic  asylum,  orphanages, 
a  dispeni^ary,  a  college  affiliated  to  the  New  Zealand  Univer- 
sity, a  savings-bank,  several  churches  and  charitable  institu- 
tions, and  numerous  manufacturing  establishments.  Kauri 
gum,  timber,  fibres,  cordage,  and  wool  are  exported.  Auck- 
land is  the  third  port  in  the  colony  in  the  value  of  exports 
and  imports.  Its  exports  in  one  year  have  amounted  to 
over  £2,000,000.    P.  in  1881,  16,664  ;  with  suburbs,  39,966. 

Auckland,  England.  See  Bishop-Auckland,  and 
West  Adckland. 

Auckland  Bay,  a  large  bay  of  British  Burmah,  in 
Tenasscrim,  sheltered  by  some  islands  of  the  Mergui  Archi- 
pelago.    Lat.  12°  5'  N. ;  Ion.  98°  40'  E. 

Auckland  Islands,  a  group  of  one  large  and  several 
small  islands  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean,  S.  of  Now  Zealand. 
Lat.  50°  48'  S. ;  Ion.  166°  42'  E.  The  largest  island  is  about 
80  miles  long  and  15  miles  broad,  has  two  good  harbors,  and 
is  covered  with  vegetation.  They  have  a  good  climate  and 
abundant  wood  and  water,  but  are  uninhabited.  They  are 
claimed  by  Great  Britain. 

Ancula,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Acxjuapevdextk. 

Aucut'ta,  one  of  the  Laccadive  Islands,  off  the  Malabar 
coast.  Lat.  10°  51'  N. ;  Ion.  72°  17'  E.  It  is  about  3J  miles 
in  length,  and  half  a  mile  in  breadth. 

Audc,  od  (anc.  A'tax),  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  the 
Pyrenees,  near  Angles,  flows  N.  to  Carcassonne,  thence  E. 
to  the  Mediterranean,  which  it  enters  6  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Narbonno.  Length,  130  miles,  almost  wholly  within  the 
dep.artment  of  Aude. 

Audc,  a  department  of  France,  formed  of  part  of  ancient 
Languedoo,  bounded  on  tho  N.  by  the  departments  of 
II6rault  and  Tarn,  on  the  E.  by  the  Mediterranean,  on  the 
S.  by  Pyr6n6es-Orientales,  and  on  tho  W.  by  Ariege  and 
Uaute-Garonne.  Capital,  Carcassonne,  Area,  2340  square 
miles.  Pop,  300,065.  Climate  v.ariable.  Soil  generally 
fertile ;  surface  broken  up  by  mountains  and  hills ;  it  con- 
tains iron-mines,  marble-quarries,  and  mineral  waters.  The 
rivers  are  the  Aude,  the  Lers,  the  Berre,  and  the  Or- 
biel,  Orbieu,  and  Cesse,  afttuents  of  the  Aude.  Tho  Canal  of 
Languedoc,  or  Canal  du  Midi,  intersects  this  department 
from  W.  to  E.,  and  the  Canal  of  Robine  or  Narbonno  trav- 
erses the  E.  portion  from  N.  to  S.  Corn  and  wine  are 
raised,  and  form  important  objects  of  commerce.  It  has 
manufactures  of  woollen  cloths,  paper,  and  ironware,  brandy, 
diMilleries,  salt-works,  and  potteries.  The  department  is 
divi<led  into  the  arrondissements  of  Carcassonne,  Castel- 
naudary,  Limoux,  and  Narbonno. 

Andcgcm,  O'd^h^gAx"',  a  village  of  Belgiam,  in  East 
Flanders,  at  a  railway  junction,  3  miles  S.S.W.  of  Dender- 
wonde.     Pop.  1S50. 


Andenarde,  SM^n-and',  or  Oudcnardc,  8w'dfn> 
an'd^h,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flandors,  on  the  Scheldt, 

14  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Ghent.  Pop.  6237.  It  ia  well 
built,  and  has  a  fine  Gothic  town  hall.  Chief  induKtry, 
tanning  and  brewing.  It  is  celebrated  for  the  victory 
gained  by  Prince  Eugene  over  the  Duke  of  Burgundy,  11th 
of  July,  1708. 

Audcngc,  B'd&yzh',  a  village  of  Prance,  in  Oironde,  23 
miles  S.W.  of  Bonleaux,  on  the  Bn^sin  d'Arcachon.  P.  1070. 

Audcnhain,  fiw'd^n-hino\  a  village  of  Prussian  Sax* 
onv,  9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Torgau.     Pop.  1089. 

Andcnhove-Sainte-Maric,  o'd?n-0v'-g4xt-ml'rec', 
a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanders,  3  miles  S.  of  6ot- 
teghem.     Pop.  2150. 

Audenried,  aw'd^n-reed,  a  post-village  of  Carbon  co., 
Pa.,  in  Banks  townahip,  on  a  branch  of  the  Lehigh  Valley 
Railroad,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Mahanoy  City,  and  3  or  4  milei 
S.  of  IlaKloton,     It  has  6  churches,  and  rich  coal-mines, 

And'enshaw,  a  town  of  England,  co,  of  Lancaster,  ad- 
joining Ashton-under-Lyne,  44  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Manches- 
ter, Pop.  5228,  employed  in  hat-making,  cotton-printing, 
and  silk-weaving. 

Andicrne,  OMe-ainn',  a  town  of  France,  in  Finistftre, 
on  the  Bay  of  Aude,  20  miles  W.  of  Quiniper.     Pop.  1775. 

Audincourt,  OM&No^koou',  a  town  of  France,  in  Doubs, 
3  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  MontbCliard,  on  the  Doubs.  It 
h.as  a  Protestant  church,  iron-foundries,  and  cotton-spin- 
ning.    Pop.  3725, 

Audrain,  aw-drano',  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part 
of  Missouri,  has  an  area  of  about  675  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Davis  Fork  of  Salt  River,  and  by  Kivifirc  au 
Cuivre,  which  rises  within  its  limits.  The  surface  is  level 
or  undulating ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  A  large  pro])ortion  of 
the  county  is  prairie,  and  is  well  adapted  to  pasturage, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and  live-stock  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Beds  of  coal  are  found  in  this  county,  which  is  in- 
tersected by  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern  and  a 
branch  of  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroads.  Capital,  Mexico. 
Pop.  in  1870,  12,307;  in  1880,  19,732;  in  1890,  22,074. 

Audubon,  aw'doo-bon  (more  correctly,  o'doo-b6n),  a 
county  in  S.AV.  central  Iowa,  has  an  area  of  about  500 
square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Nishnabatona  River, 
an  affluent  of  the  Missouri.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  productive.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
hay,  Ac,  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Audubon.  Pop. 
in  1870,  1212;  in  1880,  7448;  in  1890,  12,412. 

Audubon,  a  village  of  Montgomery  co..  111.,  about  48 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Springfield.     Pop.  of  township,  1250. 

Audubon,  an  incorporated  post-town,  tho  capital  of 
Audubon  CO.,  Iowa,  is  situated  at  the  junction  of  the  Chi- 
cago, Rock  Island  <fc  Pacific  and  the  Chicago  &  North- 
western Railroads,  107  miles  E.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  5 
churches,  3  banks,  a  high  school,  3  newspaper  ofiiceg,  a 
splendid  system  of  water-works,  and  many  fine  residences. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1520. 

Audubon,  a  post-village  of  Becker  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
N.  shore  of  Lake  Audubon,  40  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Fargo. 
It  has  3  churches,  2  hotels,  and  a  butter-factory. 

Audubon,  a  post-hamlct  of  Wise  co.,  Tex.,  45  miles  N. 
by  W.  of  Fort  AVorth. 

Audubon's  Pealc,  Colorado,  is  a  peak  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  about  12  miles  S.  of  Long's  Peak.  It  has  an 
altitude  of  13,173  feet  above  the  sea-level.  The  timber-line 
is  at  the  height  of  11,325  feet,  below  which  its  slopes  are 
covered  with  forests.  Lat.  40°  5'  48"  N. ;  Ion.  105°  37'  26"  W. 

Aue,  5w'?h,  a  town  of  Saxony,  12  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of 
Zwickau,  has  an  old  town  house,  a  school,  and  a  tin-furnace 
and  stamping-mill.  In  the  neighborhood  are  tin-mines, 
beds  of  porcelain  earth,  and  stone-quarries.     Pop.  2237. 

Aue,  the  name  of  several  rivers  in  Germany,  particularly 
of  two  in  Hanover,  one  of  which  joins  tho  Aller,  near  Oelle, 
and  the  other  falls  into  tho  Elbe,  below  Horneburg. 

Auerbach,  6w'?r-biK\  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Saxony, 

15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Zwickau.  It  has  manufactures  of  mus- 
lin, calico,  lace,  needles,  and  potash.     Pop.  4625, 

Auerbach,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Bavaria,  on  a  hill 
abounding  with  caverns,  18  miles  S.  of  Baireuth,    Pop.  1675. 

Auerbach,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Hesse,  on  a  railway, 
12  miles  S,  of  Darmstadt,  It  has  mineral  springs.  Pop.  1469. 

Auersberg,  6w'?r8-bfiuG\  or  Auersperg,  ow'^rs- 
p6(io*  (anc.  Arupiumf),  a  village  and  castle  of  Austria,  in 
Carniola,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Laybach.    Pop.  1000. 

Auerstadt,  Sw'^r-stfitt',  a  village  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
10  miles  W.  of  Naumburg.  Here  the  French  under  Davoittt 
vanquished  the  Prussians,  October  14,  1806.     Pop.  547. 

Auerswalde,  8w'?rz-^S,rdeh,  a  village  of  the  kingdoa 
of  Saxony,  5  miles  W.S.W.  of  Frankenbcrg.     Pop.  1536. 


AUF 


551 


AUG 


ufidena,  the  ancient  name  of  Alfidesa. 

Aufidus,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Ofanto. 

Auga^  a  Latin  name  of  Eu. 

Augaii,  o^gfiN"',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Morbihan,  9  miles  W.  of  Guer.     Pop.  1825. 

Augdeh,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Agdeh. 

Auge,  ozh,  or  Valine  d'Auge,  vdrii'dozh',  a  country 
of  France,  department  of  Calvados.  It  is  fertile  in  grain, 
fruit,  and  flax,  and  has  excellent  pasturage,  in  which  the 
finest  horses  and  cattle  of  Normandy  are  reared. 

Augerolles,  o^zheh-r611',  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy-de- 
Domo,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Courpifire.     Pop.  2603. 

Auggen,  owg'chen,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Baden,  2 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Mul'heim.     Pop.  1322. 

Auggur,  awg^gur',  or  A^gur',  a  town  of  Hindostan,  40 
miles  N.E.  of  Oojein,  lat.  23°  43'  N.,  Ion.  76°  1'  B.,  on  a  rocky 
height  1598  feet  above  the  sea.  It  is  surrounded  by  a  stone 
wall,  but  is  chiefly  composed  of  mud  houses.     Pop.  30,000. 

Aughatoey,  aw^ni-bS,',  an  important  coal  district  of 
Ireland,  on  the  N.  border  of  the  co.  of  Roscommon. 

Aiigher,  aw'ner,  a  town  and  castle  of  Ireland,  Ulster, 
CO.  of  Tyrone,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Clogher.     Pop.  615. 

Aughnacloy,  awn'na-kloy',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Tyrone,  11  miles  N.  of  Monaghan.     Pop.  1465. 

Aughrini,  Ireland.    See  Aghrim. 

Aughwick  (og'wik)  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Hunting- 
flon  CO.,  Pa.,  on  Aughwick  Creek,  and  on  the  East  Broad 
Top  Railroad,  4  miles  from  Mount  Union  Junction.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Augila  and  Au.jila,  North  Africa.    See  Aujeela. 

Augium,  a  Latin  name  of  Eu. 

Auglaize,  aw-glaze'  or  aw'glaze,  a  river  of  Ohio, 
is  formed  by  two  nearly  equal  branches,  which  unite  in 
Putnam  co.,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Defiance.  It  runs  nearly 
northward,  and  enters  the  Maiimee  River  at  Defiance.  One 
of  the  branches,  called  Blanchard's  Fork,  rises  in  Hardin 
CO.  and  runs  northward  to  Findlay,  below  which  its  course 
is  westward.  The  other  branch  (which  is  perhaps  the  main 
stream)  rises  in  Hardin  co.,  runs  southwestward  to  Wapa- 
koneta,  and  thence  northward  to  the  junction.  Each  branch 
is  about  100  miles  long. 

Auglaize,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an  area 
of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Auglaize 
River,  and  is  drained  by  the  head-streams  of  the  Scioto  and 
St.  Mary's  Rivers.  The  surface  is  nearly  level;  the  soil  is 
fertile.  A  large  portion  of  the  county  is  covered  with 
forests,  in  which  the  ash,  beech,  elm,  hickory,  oak,  and 
sugar-maple  abound.  The  staple  products  are  wheat,  In- 
dian corn,  oats,  hay,  &a.  Upper  Silurian  limestone  of  the 
Ilelderbcrg  group  underlies  the  greater  part  of  the  soil.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Dayton  Rail- 
road, which,  running  direct  N.  and  S.,  divides  it  into  two 
portions;  the  Lake  Erie  &  Louisville  Railroad,  and  the 
Miami  &  Erie  Canal.  Capital,  Wapakoneta.  Pop.  in  1870, 
20,041  ;  in  1880,  25,444;  in  1890,  28,100. 

Auglaize,  or  Grand  Auglaize,  a  small  river  of 
3Iissouri,  rises  in  Laclede  co.,  runs  northward,  and  en- 
ters the  Osage  River  in  Camden  co.  The  main  stream 
is  termed  the  Grand  Auglaize,  and  also  the  Grand  Glaze. 
Branches. — The  Dry  Auglaize,  named  from  the  circumstance 
that  some  of  its  sources  are  in  the  tract  called  the  "  Dry 
Glaze,"  in  Laclede  co.,  after  intersecting  Camden  co.,  joins 
the  other  branch  to  form  the  Grand  Auglaize.  The  AVet 
Auglaise  is  chiefly  comprised  in  Camden  co.,  and  derives 
its  name  from  the  tract  called  the  "  Wet  Glaze,"  through 
which  it  flows. 

Auglaize,  a  township  of  Camden  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1934. 

Auglaize,  a  township  of  Miller  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  2109. 

Auglaize,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  0.     Pop.  1696. 

Auglaize,  a  township  of  Paulding  co.,  0.     Pop.  788. 

Auglaize,  a  station  of  Van  Wert  co.,  0.,  on  the  Erie 
Railroad,  6  miles  from  Ohio  City. 

Auglaize  River,  a  station  in  Allen  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Akron  &  AVestorn  Railroad. 

An  Gres,  or  Au  Grais,  o  graz,  a  river  of  Michigan, 
rises  in  a  lake  in  Ogemaw  co.,  and  flows  S.E.  into  Saginaw 
Bay.     Length,  about  60  miles. 

An  Gres,  or  Au  Grais,  a  post- village  of  Arenac  co., 
Mich.,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  38  miles  N.  by  E. 
from  I5ay  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  public  school,  2  hotels, 
a  shingle-mill,  and  a  steam  saw-mill.  Here  is  a  boom  for 
rafting  logs.     Pop.  123;  of  the  township,  531. 

Augs'burg  (Ger.  pron.  owgs'boouo  ;  anc.  Auguo'ta  Vin- 
delico'rum),  a  city  of  Bavaria,  capital  of  the  province  of 
Swabia  and  Neuburg,  at  the  angle  formed  by  the  junction 
of  the  Wertach  and  the  Lech,  35  miles  N.W.  of  Munich. 
Lat.  (St.  Ulrio's  Tower)  48°  21'  42"  N.j  Ion.  10°  54'  16"  E. 


Augsburg  has  been  long  distinguished  by  its  commercial 
spirit  and  by  the  activity  and  industry  of  its  inhabitants, 
and  is  the  seat  of  extensive  manufxctures  of  cotton,  spin- 
ning and  weaving,  flax,  silk,  machinery,  paper,  brass,  chem- 
icals, watches,  jewelry,  leather,  &c.  It  contains  several 
gymnasia,  art  schools,  industrial,  polytechnic,  theological, 
and  other  schools,  and  a  splendid  picture-gallery.  An  ex- 
tensive trade  is  done  in  printing,  engraving,  and  bookbind- 
ing, and  the  "  Allgemeine  Zeitung,"  the  leading  journal 
of  Germany,  started  in  1798,  is  published  here.  But  the 
branches  of  business  to  which  the  city  owes  its  importance 
are  banking  and  stock  exchange  operations,  Augsburg  being 
one  of  the  most  influential  money  markets  on  the  continent. 
It  is  also  the  emporium  of  the  merchandise  .and  the  chief 
mart  for  the  sale  of  wines  of  Italy,  Switzerland,  and  the  S.  of 
Germany,  and  hence  has  an  extensive  transit  trade.  It  is 
connected  by  a  railroad  with  Munich,  and,  in  the  opposite 
direction,  with  Nuremberg,  Bamberg,  and  Saxony.  Augs- 
burg is  a  place  of  great  antiquity,  the  Emperor  Augustus 
having  established  a  colony  there  about  12  B.C.  It  early 
took  a  conspicuous  part  in  the  Reformation,  with  which  for 
a  long  series  of  years  its  history  is  closely  connected.  Augs- 
burg is  the  birthplace  of  Holbein  the  elder,  and  of  other 
eminent  artists.     Pop.  in  1880,  61,408;  in  1890,  75,523. 

Augst,  cwGst,  two  contiguous  villages  of  Switzerland, 
cantons  of  Basel  and  Aargau,  on  the  Rhine,  at  the  influx 
of  the  Ergolz,  6  miles  E.  of  Basel,  and  supposed  to  occupy 
the  site  of  the  ancient  Angus'ta  liauraco'rum.     Pop.  897. 

Augstholz,  5wGst'h61ts,  or  Augstholzbad,  owcst'- 
hilts-bit*,  a  bathing-place  in  Switzerland,  near  the  S.  side 
of  Baldegger-See,  in  the  N.E.  of  Lucerne. 

Au'gurville,  a  village,  4  miles  N.  of  New  Haven,  Conn. 

Augusta,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Agosta. 

Augus'ta,  a  county  of  Virginia,  bordering  on  West  Vir- 
ginia, has  an  area  of  about  880  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  two  head-streams  of  the  Shenandoah,  called  Middle 
River  and  South  River.  The  Blue  Ridge  extends  along  the 
S.E.  border  of  this  county,  which  is  a  part  of  the  Groat 
Valley  of  Virginia.  The  surface  is  finely  diversified  with 
hills  and  valleys ;  the  soil  is  calcareous  and  fertile.  Forests 
of  the  ash,  chestnut,  hickory,  oak,  beech,  sugar-maple,  wild 
cherry,  (fcc.,  cover  a  large  part  of  the  surface.  Wheat,  hay, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Good 
Silurian  limestone  underlies  a  great  part  of  the  soil,  and 
among  its  other  minerals  is  iron  ore.  Weyer's  Cave  is  in 
this  county.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Chesapeake 
A  Ohio  and  the  Baltimore  &,  Ohio  Railroads,  which  inter- 
sect each  other  at  Staunton,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
28,763;  in  1880,  35,710;  in  1890,  37,005. 

Augusta,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Woodruff  co,.  Ark., 
on  White  River,  about  65  miles  E.N.E.  of  Little  Rock. 
Cottou  is  shipped  here  in  steamboats.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
high  school,  a  weekly  newspaper,  and  aflour-uiill.  Pop.  519. 

Augusta,  a  hamlet  of  Santa  Clara  co.,  Cal.,  5  miles 
from  Santa  Clara.     It  has  a  church  and  a  plough-factory. 

Augusta,  a  hamlet  of  Hernando  co.,  Fla.,  near  Brooks- 
ville. 

Augusta,  a  handsome  city  of  Georgia,  the  capital  of 
Richmond  co.,  is  on  the  Savannah  River,  271  miles  from 
its  mouth,  and  at  the  E.  terminus  of  the  Georgia  Railroad, 
171  miles  E.  by  S.  from  Atlanta,  132  miles  by  railroad 
N.N.W.  of  Savannah,  and  137  miles  W.N.W.  of  Charleston. 
It  is  the  W.  terminus  of  the  South  Carolina  R.ailroad,  and 
is  connected  with  Savannah  by  a  branch  of  the  Georgia 
Central  Railroad.  The  Port  Royal  Railroad  extends  from 
this  city  southeastward  1!2  miles  to  Port  Royal  in  South 
Carolina.  Augusta  is  also  the  S.W.  terminus  of  the  Char- 
lotte, Columbia  <fc  Augusta  Railroad,  and  is  the  head  of 
steamboat  navigation  on  the  river.  The  city  h.as  7  rail- 
roads and  9  railroad  connections.  It  is  the  third  city  of 
the  state  in  population  and  wealth.  The  streets  are  wide, 
straight,  cross  one  another  at  right  angles,  and  are  lighted 
with  gas  and  electricity.  Three  bridges  over  the  river  con- 
nect Augusta  with  Hamburg,  S.C,  It  is  the  seat  of  the 
Medical  College  of  Georgia,  which  was  founded  in  1832 
and  has  12  professors.  Among  the  prominent  public  build- 
ings are  the  city  hall,  the  Richmond  Academy,  the  masonic 
hall,  the  medical  college,  and  the  orphan  asylum.  Augusta 
contains  33  churches,  3  hospitals,  2  convents,  several  banks, 
employing  a  capital  of  $2,600,000,  a  high  school  connected 
with  a  system  of  graded  public  schools,  and  newspapw 
ofiices  issuing  3  daily  and  5  weekly  papers.  The  machine- 
shops  of  the  Georgia  Railroad  are  located  here,  besides 
which  there  are  several  iron-foundries  and  machine-shops, 
glass-works,  planing-mills,  flour-mills,  cotton-mills,  a  brew- 
ery, rope-factory,  tobacco-factory,  <te.  The  prosperity  of 
Augusta  has  been  promoted  by  the  construction  of  a  canal  9 


AUG 


552 


AUM 


mile*  long,  which  affords  immense  water-power  for  wanu- 
faeturing  purposes.  Three  signers  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independeooe — IlaJI,  Walton,  iind  Guinnett — are  buried  in 
thisoitjr.  Pop.  in  ISGU,  12,403;  in  187U,  16,389;  in  188U, 
81,801  ;  in  I8U0,  S3,40U. 

Augusta,  a  poi<t-vill!ige  of  Ilanoook  co..  III.,  in  Augusta 
township,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  llail- 
road,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Qtiinoy.  It  hns  4  churches,  a  banlc, 
agradod  school,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  flour,  ploughs, 
brooms,  nnd  woollen  goods.  Coal  abounds  here.  Pop.  about 
1200  ;  of  the  township,  1992. 

Augusta,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  in  Pike 
town-ship,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  &  Lafayette  liiiiU 
road,  10  miles  N.  by  W.  irom  Indianapolis.  The  name  of 
its  post-ofiico  is  Now  Augusta.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
flour-mill.     Pop.  obout  400. 

Augusta,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  oo.,  Ind.,  in  Lockhart 
township,  34  miles  N.E.  of  Evansvillo.     It  has  2  churches. 

Augusta,  a  post-village  of  Dcs  Moines  oo.,  Iowa,  in 
Augusta  township,  on  the  Skunk  River,  10  miles  S.W.  of 
Bunitigton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Augusta,  a  post-town  and  railway  junction  of  Butler 
CO.,  Kansas,  on  Walnut  Creek,  21  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Wichita. 
It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  a  high  school,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  1343. 

Augusta,  a  post-town  of  Bracken  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  and  on  the  Chesapeake  A  Ohio  Railway,  about  45 
miles  above  Cincinnati.  It  contains  8  churches,  a  bank, 
a  high  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of 
carriage  trimmings,  patent  medicines,  &c.     Pop.  1750. 

Augusta,  the  capital  of  Maine  and  of  Kennebec  co.,  is 
principally  situated  on  the  right  or  W.  bank  of  the  Ken- 
nebec River,  44  miles  from  its  mouth.  Lat.  44°  19'  N. ; 
Ion.  69°  50'  W.  By  railroad  it  is  62  miles  N.N.E.  of  Port- 
land, and  75  miles  S.W.  of  Bangor.  It  is  at  the  head  of 
navigation  from  the  sea,  and  is  on  the  Maine  Central  Rail- 
road, which  here  crosses  the  Kennebec  River  by  a  bridge 
1100  feet  long.  There  is  a  fine  granite  State-house,  rebuilt 
and  enlarged  in  1890  at  a  cost  of  $150,000,  and  on  the  E. 
side  of  the  river  is  the  state  asylum  for  the  insane  (to 
which  large  additions  costing  $250,000  were  made  in  1889- 
90),  and  a  United  States  arsenal.  A  United  States  govern- 
ment building,  containing  the  post-office,  pension-office,  and 
court-house,  and  costing  $192,000,  was  built  in  1888-90. 
Augusta  contains  a  city  court-house,  enlarged  and  rebuilt 
in  ISyi,  10  churches,  5  banks,  5  large  cotton-mills,  a  pulp- 
mill,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  a  daily,  4  weekly,  and 
9  monthly  periodicals.  It  has  public  water-works,  electric 
lights,  electric  street-oars,  fine  school  buildings,  and  numer- 
ous manufacturing  industries,  for  which  the  river  affords 
abundant  water-power.  Pop.  in  1870,  7808 ;  in  1880,  8665 ; 
in  1890,  10,527. 

Augusta,  a  post-village  of  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Kalamazoo  River,  and  on  the  Michigan  Central  Rail- 
road, 9  miles  W.  of  Battle  Creek,  and  130  miles  W.  of 
Detroit.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  a  large 
publishing-house,  2  flour-mills,  2  saw-mills,  2  elevators,  a 
trunk-factory,  and  a  newspaper  office.  A  large  trade  in 
grain  is  carried  on  hero.     Pop.  498. 

Augusta,  a  township  of  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
1769.     Its  post-office  is  Paint  Creek. 

Augusta,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Perry  co..  Miss.,  on 
the  Leaf  River,  about  100  miles  in  a  direct  line  S.E.  of 
Jackson,  and  19  miles  S.E.  of  Ilattiesburg.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  about  100. 

Augusta,  a  post-village  of  St.  Charles  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
N.  b<ank  of  the  Missouri  River,  about  45  miles  W.  of  St. 
Louis.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  flouring-mill.  It  is  3  miles 
from  Augusta  Station,  .vhich  is  at  Boles,  on  the  Missouri 
Pacific  Railroad. 

Augusta,  a  post-village  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  about  28 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Morristown,  and  on  the  Sussex  Railroad, 
2  miles  S.E.  of  Branchville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery, 
a  cotton-factory,  &c. 

Augusta,  a  post-township  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  about  18 
miles  S.W.  of  Utica.  It  contains  the  villages  of  Oriskany 
Falls,  Augusta,  and  Knoxborough.  It  has  9  churches,  a 
woollen-factory,  5  grist-mills,  and  5  saw-mills.     Pop.  2238. 

Augusta,  or  Augusta  Centre,  a  post-village  of 
Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Augusta  township,  18  miles  S.W.  of 
Utica.  It  has  an  academy,  several  churches,  and  mills. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Augusta.     Pop.  147. 

Augusta,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  0.,  in  Augusta 
township,  5  miles  from  Kensingtqn  Railroad  Station,  and 
%bout  22  miles  E.S.E.  of  Canton.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
flouring-mill,  a  carriage-shop,  and  4  stores.  Coal  and  lime- 
•tone  abound  here.     Pop.  alwut  200;  of  the  township,  1015. 


Augusta,  a  post-village  of  Houston  co.,  Tex.,  136  miles 
N.  of  the  city  of  Houston,  it  has  a  church,  2  general  storu, 
and  1  or  2  saw-mills. 

Augusta,  a  city  of  Eau  Claire  co.,  Wis.,  22  miles  by 
rail  E.  by  S.  of  Enu  Claire.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a 
high  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  lumber-  and  tlour-iuills, 
a  cheese-factory,  several  creameries,  and  manuraotures  of 
carriages,  brick.  <to.     Pop.  1187. 

Augusta,  the  ancient  name  of  Aoiistk. 

Augusta  Auscorum,  the  ancient  name  of  Aucn. 

Augusta  Uugieunorum.    See  Bknk. 

Augusta  Cove,  or  H'ar'blington,  a  post-village  in 
Prince  co..  Prince  Edward  Island,  20  miles  from  Summer- 
side.     I'op.  180. 

Augusta  Knicrita,  the  ancient  name  of  Meripa. 

Augusta  I'r.ftoria,  the  ancient  name  of  Aosta. 

Augusta  Ilauracuruni.    See  Augst. 

Augusta  Suessionum,  the  ancient  name  of  Sois.soxs. 

Augusta  Taurinoruni,  the  ancient  name  of  Tuui.t. 

Augusta  Town  Hall,  Ontario.     See  Chaui.evii.i,e. 

Augusta  Treviroruni,  tlie  ancient  name  of  Trkves. 

Augusta  Vcroinanduoruni.    See  Saint-Qif.ntix. 

Augus'taville,  a  post-village  of  Northumberland  co., 
Pa.,  in  Lower  Augusta  township,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Sunbury. 
It  has  several  churches. 

Augusta  Vindellcorum.    See  Augsbdro. 

Augustenborg,  5w'goos-t^n-boRa\  a  ducal  castle  and 
village  of  Prussia,  island  of  Alscn.     Pop.  1089. 

Augustenborg,  6w'goos-t§n-boKG*,  a  factory  of  Africa, 
Gold  Coast. 

Au'gustin  Island,  Alaska,  is  situated  in  Kamisbak 
Bay,  near  the  entrance  of  Cook's  Inlet. 

Augustinusga,  uw-giis-tin-ils'iiA.,  a  village  of  the 
Netherlands,  in  Fricsland,  17  miles  E.  of  Leeuwardcn. 

Augustobona,  the  ancient  name  of  Tkoyes. 

Augustodunum,  the  ancient  name  of  Autun. 

Augustomagus,  the  ancient  name  of  Senlis. 

Augustonemetum.    See  CLEKMONT-FEnuASD. 

Augustoritum  Lemovicum.    See  Limoges. 

Augustuvo,  Augustowo,  ow-goos-to'vo,  or  Au« 
gustow,  6w-goos-tov',  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  prov- 
ince of  Suvaiki,  140  miles  N.E.  of  Warsaw.  Its  importance 
rests  upon  the  Augustovo  Canal,  which  commences  here 
and  connects  the  Vistula  and  Niemen.     Pop.  9354. 

AiUC(^la>  Aiyila,  Augila,  aw-jee'l&  or  dw-jee'l&,  or 
Audja,  ow'Ji,  an  oasis  and  town  of  Africa,  Sahara,  on  a 
route  between  Fezzan  and  Lower  Egypt,  150  miles  S.E.  of 
the  Great  Syrtis.     Lat.  about  29°  20'  N.;  Ion.  22°  E. 

Aula,  ow'li,  or  Aulla,  6wl'l4,  a  village  of  Northern 
Italy,  on  the  Magra,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Carrara.    Pop.  51S1. 

Aulan'dcr,  a  post-town  of  Bertie  co.,  N.C.,  34  mile* 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Tarboro.     It  has  2  churches. 

Auldearn,  awl'daim,  a  maritime  parish  and  village  of 
Scotland,  co.  of  Nairn.  E.  of  the  village,  in  May,  1645, 
Montrose  gained  the  battle  of  Auldearn.     Pop.  350. 

Auletta,  6w-15t'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  25 
miles  S.E.  of  Salerno.     Pop.  2997. 

Aullagas,  6wl-y8,'gis,  called  also  Poopo  Chore, 
Pansa,  and  Uros,  oo'ros,  a  lake  of  Bolivia,  which  re- 
ceives the  surplus  waters  of  LakeTiticaea  through  the  Desa- 
guadero.     It  has  no  outlet. 

Aullville,  all'vil,  a  post-village  of  Lafayette  co.,  JIo., 
on  the  Lexington  Branch  of  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad, 
17  miles  S.E.  of  Lexington.  It  has  several  churches  and  a 
steam  flouring-mill. 

Aulnay,  orn.\',  or  Aunay,  o^ni',  the  name  of  several 
villages  in  France. 

Aulnay-de-Saintonge,  oPni'd^h-siNoH&Nzh',  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  department  of  Charentc-Inferieurc,  12  miles 
N.E.  of  St.-Jean-d'Ang6Iy.     Pop.  1980. 

Aulnay-sur-Odon,  orni'siiR-o'd6N°',  a  town  of 
France,  department  of  Calvados,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Vire,  on 
the  Odon.     Pop.  1921. 

Aulne,  on,  a  river  of  France,  in  FinistBre,  passes  ChiU 
teauneuf-du-Faou  and  Chateaulin,  and  enters  Brest  Road  at 
the  promontory  of  Landevennec. 

Aulona,  an  ancient  name  of  Avlona. 

Aulps,  a  town  of  France.    See  Aups. 

Ault,  o,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Somme,  on  to* 
English  Channel,  17  miles  W.  of  Abbeville.     Pop.  1490. 

Aultsville,  olts'vil,  a  thriving  post-village  in  Stormont 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  north  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  on 
a  railway,  83  miles  W.  of  Montreal.     Pop.  300. 

Auma,  ow'mi,  a  town  of  Germany,  duchy  of  Snxe- 
Weimar,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Neustadt-an-der-Orla.     Pop.  2554. 

Aumackstown,  New  Jersey.    See  Cedar  Creek. 

Aumale,  o'mar(formcrly  Albemarle,  irb^h-maul'). 


AUM 


553 


J^UR 


a  town  of  France,  department  of  Seine-Inf6rieure,  on  the 
Breslo,  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Neufchatel.     Pop.  2229. 

Aumale  (Arab.  Sook-Ghozlan  ;  anc,  Auzea),  a  walled 
town  of  Algeria,  78  miles  S.E.  of  Algiers.  It  has  a  hospital, 
convent,  mills,  and  military  depot.     Pop.  5100. 

Au'man's  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.C. 

Au'mick,  a  lake  on  the  Maganetawan  River,  in  the  dis- 
trict of  Parry  Sound,  Ontario,  is  of  very  irregular  form,  and 
its  shores  are  covered  with  forests. 

Aumnier,  awra-neer',  a  populous  town  of  India,  60 
miles  AV.N.W.  of  Nagpoor,  on  the  Wurdah. 

Aumsvillc,  awmz'vil,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co., 
Oregon,  4  miles  from  Turner  Station,  and  about  12  miles 
S.E.  of  Salem.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Aiinay,  o*ni',  towns  of  France.    See  Aulnay. 

Aunean,  o'no',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Eure- 
et-Loir,  14  miles  B.  of  Chartres.     Pop.  1735. 

AuneniI,o'niTr,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Oise, 
9  miles  S.AV.  of  Beauvais.     Pop.  1124. 

Aiinis,  o'neece'  or  o'nee',  an  old  province  in  the  W.  of 
France,  between  Saintonge,  Poitou,  and  the  Atlantic,  form- 
ing, with  Saintonge,  the  modern  department  of  Charente- 
Inf6ricure.     Capital,  La  Rochelle. 

Anps,  or  Aulps,  ops,  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Var,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Draguignan.     Pop.  2596. 

Aur,  an  island  of  the  East  Indies.     See  Aon. 

Aiirahi,  aw-ri-hee',  a  town  of  India,  Boglipoor  dis- 
trict.    Pop.  3717. 

Aura'ria,  a  post- village  of  Lumpkin  co.,  Qa.,  about  60 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Atlanta.  Gold  is  found  here.  It  has  2 
churches  and  several  stamp-mills. 

Auras,  ow'ris,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  11  miles  N.NW. 
of  Breslau,  with  a  castle.     Pop.  968. 

Auray,  O'ri',  a  river-port  of  France,  department  of  Mor- 
bihan,  on  the  Auray,  10  miles  W.  of  Vannes.  It  is  neatly 
built,  and  has  an  excellent  port,  with  fisheries,  and  cotton- 
spinning.     Pop.  4542. 

Aurdalc,  awr'dal,  a  post-township  of  Otter  Tail  co., 
Minn.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  287. 

Aure,  OR,  a  river  of  France,  department  of  Calvados,  an 
affluent  of  the  Drome.     Total  course,  N.N.W.,  20  miles. 

Aure,  a  river  of  France,  department  of  Eure-ct-Loir,  an 
affluent  of  the  Eure  from  the  left.    Course,  E.N.E.,  32  miles. 

Aure,  or  Val  d'Aure,  vill  doR,  one  of  the  four  valleys 
of  Upper  Armagnac,  Ilautes-Pyrcn^es,  in  France. 

AureMia,  a  post-town  of  Cherokee  co.,  Iowa,  66  miles 
by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Fort  Dodge.  It  has  3  churches,  2 
banks,  several  grain-elevators,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Pop.  663. 

AureMlan  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Halifax  co., 
N.C,  15  miles  from  Weldon.     Hero  are  mineral  springs. 

Aurelins,  aw-reel'yQs,  a  post-village  of  Aurelius  town- 
ship, Ingham  co.,  Mich.,  on  (Jrand  River,  8  miles  S.W.  of 
Mason,  and  about  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lansing.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  200;  of  township,  1330. 

Aurelius,  a  post-township  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  borders 
on  Cayuga  Lake,  and  is  intersected  by  a  branch  of  the  New 
York  Central  Railroad  (Aurelius  Station).  It  contains  the 
Tillage  of  Cayuga.  Aurelius  Post-Office  is  4  or  5  miles  S.W. 
of  Auburn.     Pop.  of  township,  1982. 

Aurelius,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  0.     Pop.  799. 

Aurelius  Station,  a  post-office  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  between  Auburn  and 
Cayuga  Bridge. 

Aiircoli,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  LoniOL. 

Auriac,  o*re-ik',  a  small  town  of  France,  department 
of  Ilaute-Garonne,  19  miles  S.E.  of  Toulouse.     Pop.  1680. 

Aurich,  5w'riK,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  13  miles 
N.E.  of  Emden,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  canal. 
Pop.  4264.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  a  castle,  Lutheran 
and  Cal  vinistic  churches,  a  gymnasium,  and  a  public  library, 
also  distilleries,  manufactures  of  ropes  and  tobacco,  and  an 
active  trade  in  horses. 

Auriesville,aw'reez-vTl,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Mohawk  River,  about  4  miles  below  Fonda. 
It  has  a  church,  a  brick -yard,  and  2  hotels.  Much  hay  is 
shipped  here  on  the  Erie  Canal. 

Aurignac,  o'reen'yAk',  a  small  town  of  France,  Ilaute- 
Garonne,  38  miles  S.W.  of  Toulouse.     Pop.  1479. 

Anrigny,  Channel  Islands.     See  Aldeuxey. 

Aurillac,  oVeeryik'  (anc.  Aureli'acum),  a  town  of 
France,  capital  of  the  department  of  Cantal  (Auvergne),  on 
a  railway,  269  miles  S.  of  Paris.  It  is  situated  on  the  Jor- 
dane,  is  well  built,  and  walled.  The  houses  are  covered 
with  slates,  and  the  streets,  though  irregular,  are  wide,  and 
are  irrigated  by  the  overflowings  of  a  large  reservoir  at  the 
top  of  the  town,  into  which  two  fountains  pour  their  copious 
36 


supplies.  Among  the  ancient  buildings  of  Aurillac  may  ba 
mentioned  the  castle  of  St.  Stephen,  the  church  of  St.  Ge- 
raud,  that  of  Notre-Dame  of  the  thirteenth  century,  and  the 
college,  an  extensive  pile  of  buildings,  containing  a  valuable 
library  and  a  cabinet  of  mineralogy.  The  principal  manu- 
factures are  utensils  of  copper,  jewelry,  woollen  stuffs,  car- 
pets, blondes,  lace,  and  paper.     Pop.  11,098. 

Auriol,  o're-ol',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Bouches-du-Rh&ne,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Marseilles.    Pop.  4804. 

Auronzo,  6w-ron'zo,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  30  miles 
N.E.  of  Belluno,  with  rich  zinc-mines.     Pop.  3942. 

Aurora,  aw-ro'ra,  a  post-office  of  Etowah  co.,  Ala., 
about  55  miles  S.S.E.  of  Iluntsville. 

Aurora,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co..  Ark.,  about  40 
miles  N.  of  Ozark.     It  has  3  churches. 

Aurora,  a  city  of  Kane  co.,  111.,  in  Aurora  township,  on 
Fox  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Rail- 
road at  its  junction  with  the  Chicago  &  Iowa  Railroad,  39 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Chicago,  160  miles  E.S.E.  of  Dubuque,  and 
44  miles  N.E.  of  Ottawa.  It  is  the  N.E.  terminus  of  a 
railroad  called  the  Fox  River  Line,  and  a  branch  railroad 
extends  to  this  place  from  Turner.  It  has  increased  rapidly 
in  the  last  decaae.  It  contains  2  high  and  9  public  schools, 
Jennings  Seminary  (for  both  sexes),  a  fine  city  hall,  20 
churches,  5  national  banks,  and  printing-offices  which  issue 
5  daily,  1  semi-weekly  and  3  weekly  newspapers,  stove- 
works,  iron- works,  a  cotton-factory,  a  road-cart  factory,  a 
foundry,  smelting  and  refining  works,  several  machine- 
shops,  4  flouring-mills,  a  woollen-mill,  a  manufactory  of 
silverware,  4  manufactories  of  carriages,  and  3  of  sash  and 
blinds.  Here  are  workshops  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  & 
Quincy  Railroad,  which  employ  over  1200  men  making 
cars,  Ac.  It  has  a  stand-pipe  system  of  water-works,  and 
the  city  is  lighted  by  gas  and  electricity.  Pop.  in  1860, 
6011;  in  1880,  11,873;  in  1890,  19,688. 

Aurora,  a  city  of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio  River, 
and  on  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  24  miles  W.  by  S. 
from  Cincinnati,  and  4  miles  below  Lawrenceburg.  It  con- 
tains 7  churches,  2  banks,  a  high  school,  a  foundry,  machine- 
shops,  furniture-factories,  saw-mills,  2  newspa))er  offices, 
and  parochial  schools.  Its  industries  consist  of  business 
derived  chiefly  from  trade  and  the  navigation  of  the  river. 
Pop.  in  1880,  4435;  in  1890,  3927. 

Aurora,  a  post- village  of  Buchanan  co.,  Iowa,  33  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Dyersville. 

Aurora,  a  post- village  of  Cloud  co.,  Kan.,  11  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Concordia.  It  has  a  church  (French  Catholic) 
and  a  national  bank.     Pop.  825. 

Aurora,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Tennessee  River,  about  40  miles  S.E.  of  Paducah. 

Aurora,  a  post-township  of  Hancock  co..  Me.,  25  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Bangor.     Pop.  212. 

Aurora,  a  post- hamlet  of  Steele  co.,  Minn.,  in  Aurora 
township,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad, 
9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Owatonna,  and  77  miles  S.  of  St.  Paul.  It 
has  a  church. 

Aurora,  a  city  of  Lawrence  co.,  Mo.,  31  miles  S.W.  of 
Springfield.  It  has  4  churches,  a  national  bank  and  2 
other  banks,  a  graded  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  zinc- 
mines  with  a  weekly  output  of  $1 3,500  in  value.    Pop.  3482. 

Aurora,  a  city,  capital  of  Hamilton  co..  Neb.,  at  the 
junction  of  two  railroads,  20  miles  S.  of  Central  City.  It 
has  10  church  organizations,  4  banks,  state  normal  and 
city  public  schools,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  foundry,  a 
creamery,  and  manufactures  of  bricks,  cigars,  Ac.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1862. 

Aurora,  a  post-village  of  Esmeralda  co.,  Nev.,  about 
12  miles  S.W.  of  Hawthorne.  Gold  and  silver  are  found 
near  this  place.     Pop.  160. 

Aurora,  a  post-village  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  is  finely 
situated  on  Cayuga  Lake,  25  miles  by  rail  N.N.V".  of  Ithaca. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  large  seminary  for 
young  ladies,  called  Wells  College,  the  Cayuga  County 
Academy,  a  hotel,  a  carriage-factory,  and  many  fine  resi- 
dences.    Pop.  in  1890,  555. 

Aurora,  a  township  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  2577.  See 
East  AtiRonA. 

Aurora,  a  post-village  of  Beaufort  co.,  N.C,  in  Rich- 
land township,  30  miles  N.E.  of  New-Berne.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Aurora,  a  post-village  of  Portage  co.,  0.,  in  Aurora 
township,  and  on  the  Mahoning  division  of  the  Atlantic  A 
Great  Western  Railroad,  23  miles  S.E.  of  Cleveland.  It 
has  2  churches.  Here  are  extensive  manufactures  of  cheese. 
Pop.  of  township,  642. 

Aurora,  or  Aurora  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Marion 
CO.,  Oregon,  on  Mill  Creek,  and  on  the  Oregon  &  California 


AUR 


554 


AUS 


Railnwd,  29  milu  S.  of  Portland.  It  hM  serer*!  milla 
and  stores.     It  it  owned  b^  a  Qerman  communitj. 

Aurora*  a  post-town  ot  Uroukings  oo.,  S.D.,  6  milos  hj 
rail  E.  by  S.  of  lirookiiig*.  It  bus  3  oburobes,  2  banks,  a 
graded  sobool,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pup.  in  189U,  62H. 

Aurora*  a  post-village  of  Wise  co.,  Tox.,  25  miles  from 
Fort  Worth.  It  has  a  masonic  institute,  2  churches,  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1800,  .372. 

Aurora,  a  postvilluge  of  Pre«ton  co.,  W.  Va.,  8  miles 
from  Oiikliind,  Aid.    It  bos  a  church  and  a  hotel.    Pop.  lUO. 

Aurora,  a  iiust-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Wis.,  about 
36  milos  N.N.W.  of  Milwaukee. 

Aurora*  a  township  of  Waushara  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  1020. 

Aurora*  or  Alachell's  (m^-shelz')  Corners*  a  vil- 
lage in  York  oo.,  Ontario,  30  miles  by  mil  N.  of  Toronto. 
It  contnins  3  churches,  a  toiuporanco  hall,  mechanics'  insti- 
tute, printing-office  issuing  a  weekly  newspaper,  2  telegraph 
offic&s,  a  foundry,  a  brewery,  several  mills  and  factories,  and 
a  fine  driving-park.     Pop.  1132, 

Aurora*  an  island  in  the  Pacific,  one  of  the  New  Heb- 
rides, in  lat.  15°  2'  35"  S.,  Ion.  168°  25'  16"  E. 

Aurora  Mills*  Marion  co.,  Oregon.     See  AnnoRA. 

Aurora  Springs*  a  post-town  of  Miller  co..  Mo.,  37 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Jefferson  City.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  newspaper  office,  and  is  famed  for  its  medicinal 
waters.     Pop.  800. 

Auro'raville*  or  Auro'rahville*  a  post-village  of 
Waushara  oo..  Wis.,  in  Aurora  township,  on  Willow  Crock, 
7  miles  N.  of  Berlin.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Auroravillc*  a  township,  Anson  oo.,  N.C.    Pop.  1S43. 

Aurungabad,  o-rfing-ga-bid'  (t.e.,  the  "abode  of  Au- 
rnngzeb"),  a  city  of  Uindostan,  Nizam's  dominions,  180 
miles  E.N.E,  of  Bombay;  lat.  19°  54'  N.,  Ion.  75°  33'  E. ; 
in  a  hollow,  in  the  neighborhood  of  an  extensive  marsh, 
■which,  in  conjunction  with  a  very  variable  climate,  renders 
the  locality  unfavorable  to  health.  It  is  separated  from  its 
principal  suburb  by  the  Kowlah,  across  which  there  are  two 
substantial  bridges.  AVhen  approached  from  the  N.,  the 
view  of  Aurungabad  is  imposing,  its  large  white  domes 
with  gilded  points  and  its  lofty  minarets  appearing  to 
rise  from  the  midst  of  beautiful  groves.  The  city  covers 
a  space  of  about  7  miles  in  circumference.  It  is  surrounded 
by  a  stone  wall  with  round  towers ;  the  streets  are  broad, 
some  of  them  paved,  and  there  are  many  large  and  good 
houses ;  but  signs  of  rapid  decay  are  everywhere  visible. 
The  mosques,  caravansaries,  and  other  public  buildings  are 
of  substantial  construction.  One  of  the  most  important  odi- 
lices,  and  also  in  the  best  state  of  preservation,  is  the  tomb 
or  mausoleum  erected  by  Aurungzeb  (Aurungzebe)  to  the 
memory  of  his  daughter.  Its  domes  are  of  white  marble, 
and  clustered  like  those  of  the  Taj  Miihal,  but  inferior  in 
size,  fulness,  and  splendor.  Originally  a  small  village,  Au- 
rungabad in  1634  became  the  seat  of  the  Mogul  govern- 
ment, and  was  afterwards  a  favorite  residence  of  Aurungzeb, 
from  whom  it  received  its  present  name.     Pop.  about  40,000. 

Ansa*  a  town  of  Africa.    See  AussA. 

Au  Sable*  aw-s4b'l',  a  river  of  Michigan,  rises  in  the 
N.  part  of  the  Lower  Peninsula,  by  several  branches  which 
unite  in  the  E.  part  of  Crawford  co.  It  runs  nearly 
southeastward,  and  enters  Lake  Huron  at  Oscoda,  in  Iosco 
CO.  The  length  of  the  main  stream  is  about  80  miles. 
It  is  much  resorted  to  by  anglers,  on  account  of  its  grayling. 
Near  its  mouth  is  a  light-house. 

Au  Sable*  a  small  river  of  New  York,  rises  among  tbo 
Adirondacks,  in  Essex  co.,  by  two  branches  which  unite 
at  Au  Sable  Forks.  Below  this  point  it  runs  northeastward 
and  forms  the  boundary  between  Clinton  and  Essex  cos. 
until  it  enters  Lake  Champlain.  It  is  a  rapid  river,  inin- 
ning  in  the  lower  part  of  its  course  through  a  deep  chasm. 
See  Au  Sable  Chasm. 

Au  Sable*  a  township  of  Grundy  co.,  111.  Pop.  927. 
It  contains  Minooka. 

Au  Sable*  a  city  of  Iosco  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Huron, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Au  Sable  lliver,  about  65  miles  direct 
or  89  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Bay  City.  It  is  contiguous 
to  Oscoda  village,  and  the  combined  population  of  tiie  two 
was  in  1890,  7921.  Au  Sable  has  8  church  oiganizations, 
2  banks,  several  large  lumber-mills,  sash-  and  blind-fac- 
tories, 3  newspaper  offices,  and  extensive  salt-works.  Pop. 
in  1880,  1328;  in  1890,  4328. 

Au  Sable*  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  contains 
Keeseville,  New  Sweden,  and  other  villages.  Iron  is  mined 
and  smelted.  A  branch  railroad,  20  miles  long,  extends 
hence  to  Plattsburg.     Pop.  3207. 

An  Sable  Chasm*  or  Birmingham  Falls*  a  post- 
Tillage  of  Essex  and  Clinton  cos.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Au  Sable 


River,  2  milos  trom  Keeseville,  and  3  miles  from  Port  Kent 
Ilailroad  Station.  The  river  bero  falls  about  CO  fcut  and 
enters  a  deep  and  narrow  chasm  which  is  nearly  2  miles 
long,  and  is  noted  for  picturesque  scenery.  The  vertical 
walls  of  the  chasm  are  formed  of  Potsdam  sandstdne,  and 
are  more  than  100  feet  high.  Iloro  are  two  tiriit-class 
hotels,  and  manufactories  of  horse-nails,  paper,  starch,  itc. 

Au  Sablo  Forks*  a  post-village  of  Essex  and  Clinton 
COS.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Au  Sable  lliver,  at  the  junction  of  its  two 
branches,  about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Plattsburg.  It  is  3  utiles 
from  Au  Sable  Railroad  Station,  and  is  in  Black  Brook  and 
Jay  townships.  It  has  4  churches,  a  rolling-mill,  a  forge,  a 
foundry,  and  a  manufactory  of  cut  nails  and  horse-nails. 

Auscha*  Sw'8h&,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  10  milos  N.E.  o( 
Leitmeritz.     Pop.  1750. 

Auschwitz*  Cw'sh^its,  or  Oswiecin*  os-^e-^'tsin,  a 
town  of  Austrian  Qalicia,  on  a  railway,  near  the  Vistula,  33 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Cracow.     Pop.  3043. 

Ausci*  an  ancient  name  of  Aucu. 

Ausejo*  dw-sd'ito,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  23 
miles  S.E,  of  LogroRo.     Pop.  2167. 

Ausona*  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  VicH. 

Ausonin*  an  ancient  name  of  Italy. 

Auspitz*  ijw'spits,  a  town  of  Moravia,  18  miles  by  rail 
S.S.E.  of  BrUnn.     Pop.  3115. 

Aussa,  Sw'si,  or  Iloussa*  h5w'sS,,  written  also  ]Ia\v> 
asa*  a  decayed  but  formerly  important  town  of  East  Africa, 
in  Adal,  85  miles  S.W.  of  Zeyla,  on  the  salt  lake  of  the 
same  name.  It  is  the  scat  of  some  traffic,  and  the  residence 
of  an  Afar  chieftain  or  sultan.     Pop.  from  5000  to  0000. 

Anssee*  Sw^si',  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Styria,  8  miles 
N.E.  of  Hallstadt.  Its  rich  mines  of  rock  salt  have  been 
worked  for  more  than  1000  years. 

Aussee*  a  village  and  territory  in  Moravia,  Austro- 
Ilungary,  21  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Olmutz,  formerly  be- 
longing to  the  Prince  of  Liechtenstein,     Pop.  2135. 

Aussegg*  ow'sia,  Aussig*ow'8io,  Aus8jcnad,5w3. 
yi-n8,d',  or  Labem*  li-bem',  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Bohe- 
mia, at  a  railway  junction,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Leitmeritz,  on 
the  Elbe.  It  mines  and  ships  much  coal,  and  has  numerous 
manufactories  and  large  boat-yards.     Pop.  10,993. 

Aussegg,  or  Aussig*  a  village  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
government  of  Merseburg,  the  headquarters  of  the  Em- 
peror Charles  V.  before  the  battle  of  Miihlberg.     Pop.  188. 

Austell'*  a  post-town  of  Cobb  co.,  Qa.,  18  miles  W.  by 
N.  of  Atlanta,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  2  railroads. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  an  extensive  chair-man- 
ufactory, and  several  mineral  springs.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Austen*  aws't?n,  a  post-village  of  Preston  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  115  miles  from  Wheeling. 
Here  are  coal-mines  and  coke-works.     Pop.  about  300. 

Austerlitz,  aws't§r-litz  (Ger.pron.  6ws't?r-lits;  Morav. 
Shiwkow,  sliv'kov),  a  town  of  Moravia,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of 
BrUnn,  on  the  Littawa,  with  3452  inhabitants  and  a  splendid 
castle.  It  is  celebrated  for  the  victory  gained  by  Napoleon 
over  the  Emperors  of  Austria  and  Russia,  December  2,  1805. 

Austerlitz*  or  East  Flainfield,  a  post-village  of 
Kent  CO.,  Mich.,  in  Plainfield  township,  on  Grand  River,  2 
miles  from  Belmont  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church  .and 
a  lumber-mill. 

Austerlitz*  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Austerlitz  township,  about  18  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Iludson.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  hotel.     Pop.  of  township,  1442. 

Aus'tin,a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  Texas,  has 
an  area  of  about  950  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
navigable  Brazos  River.  A  large  portion  of  the  surface  is 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  in  the  N.  part  is  fertile,  and 
in  the  S.  part  is  sandy.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  live-stock, 
and  sweet  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  The  county 
is  traversed  by  the  Houston  &  Texas  Central  Railroad, 
which  running  N.  and  S.  divides  it  into  two  portions. 
Capital,  Belleville.  Pop.  ip  1870, 15,087;  in  1880, 14,42a; 
in  1890,  17,859. 

Austin,  a  post-villnge  of  Lonoke  co..  Ark.,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Iron  Mountain  <fc  Southern  Railroad,  25  miles  N.E. 
of  Little  Rock.    It  has  3  churche?,  an  academy,  a  mill,  <to. 

Austin,  a  post-village  of  Cook  co.,  III.,  in  Cicero  town- 
ship,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  6  miles  W. 
of  Chicago.  It  has  7  churches,  a  public  school,  a  bank, 
and  4  newspaper  offices.    Pop.  in  1880, 1359;  in  1890,4051. 

Austin,  a  township  of  Macon  co.,  III.     Pop.  713. 

Austin,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Jeffer- 
sonville,  Madison  &,  Indianapolis  Railroad,  35  miles  N.  of 
Louisville,  Ky.,  and  4  miles  from  Scottsburg.  It  bus  2 
churches,  and  a  manufactory  of  staves  and  heads.    Pop.  321. 

Austin*  a  hamlet  of  Sioux  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Big  Sioax 
River,  about  15  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Hawarden, 


AUS 


555 


AUS 


Austin,  a  hamlet  of  Fremont  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Nishna- 
batona  River,  about  50  miles  S.  by  E.  from  Council  Bluffs, 

Austin,  a  post-hamlet  and  stiition  of  Neosho  co.,  Kan- 
sas, on  the  Neosho  River  and  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas 
Railroad,  13  miles  S.  of  Humboldt.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Austin,  a  small  village  of  Amboy  tovrnship,  Hillsdale 
CO.,  Mich.,  8  miles  from  Montgomery  Station.  Here  is 
AVhite  Post-Office. 

Austin,  a  tovirnship  of  Mecosta  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  416. 
Austin,  a  post-village  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  in  Grove- 
land  township,  44  miles  N.N.W.  of  Detroit,  and  3  miles  from 
Davisburg  Station.     It  has  a  church  and  a  carriage-shop. 
Pop.  about  200. 

Austin,  a  township  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mich.,  contains  Cum- 
ber and  Tyre.  It  has  4  churches,  manufactures  of  lumber, 
shingles,  ifec.     Pop.  465. 

Austin,  a  city  and  railroad  centre,  capital  of  Mower  co., 
Minn.,  101  miles  S.  of  St.  Paul,  and  19  miles  by  rail  E.  of 
Albert  Lea.  It  has  8  churches,  a  $75,000  court-house,  2 
nntional  banks,  1  other  bank,  a  college,  a  high  school  which 
tost  $50,000,  a  flax-fibre-works,  an  iron-works,  a  botlling- 
works,  a  plough-fixctory,  cement-works,  railroad  machine- 
shops,  (lye-works,  3  flour-mills,  a  packing-house,  a  planing- 
mill,  and  3  weekly  and  2  daily  newspaper  oBices.  Pop.  in 
1890,  3901. 

Austin,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Tunica  co.,  Miss.,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  about  45  miles  by  land  S.W.  of 
Memphis.     It,  has  a  church.     Pop.  250. 

Austin,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co..  Mo.,  in  Austin  town- 
ship, on  (J rand  River,  12  miles  S.  of  Harrison ville.  It  has 
2  chuiches,  a  high  school,  and  a  manufactory  of  farming- 
implements.     Pop.  of  township,  1306. 

Austin,  a  post-borough  of  Potter  co..  Pa.,  20  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Port  Alleghany.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded 
school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  extensive  lumber-works. 
Pop.  1679, 

Austin,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Lander  co.,  Nevada,  is 
on  the  Nevada  Central  Railroad,  near  the  base  of  the  Toiyabe 
Mountain  range,  93  miles  S.  of  Battle  Mountain,  and  about 
150  miles  E.  of  Virginia  City.  It  is  situated  in  an  arid 
region,  and  is  surrounded  by  mountains  and  deep  canons. 
Here  are  rich  silver-mines,  and  mining  is  the  chief  industry. 
A  daily  newspaper  is  issued  here.  Austin  has  3  churches, 
a  bank,  several  quartz-mills,  a  foundry,  a  machine-shop, 
and  reduction-works.     Pop.  1324. 

Austin,  a  township  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1512. 

Austin,  a  post-office  of  Wilson  co.,  Tenn. 

Austin,  or  Austin  City,  the  capital  of  Texas  and  of 
Travis  co.,  is  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Colorado  River,  and  on 
the  Austin  Branch  of  the  Houston  &  Texas  Central  Rail- 
road, and  the  Brazos  Branch  of  the  International  &  Great 
Northern  Railroad,  164  miles  AV.  by  N.  from  Houston,  and 
about  J  5  miles  N.N.E.  of  San  Antonio.  Lat.  30°  16'  N. ; 
Ion.  97"^  42'  W.  Austin  contains  the  capitol  or  state-house, 
the  governor's  mansion,  11  churches,  6  banks,  the  Texas 
Military  Institute,  a  Catholic  academy,  state  asylums  for 
the  insane,  blind,  deaf,  and  dumb,  and  a  land-office.  Two 
daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  A  dam 
1200  feet  long,  to  cost  $1,400,000,  is  in  course  of  construc- 
tion (1892),  to  furnish  power  for  manufacturing  purposes. 
Pop.  in  1870,  4428;  in  1880,  10,960;  in  1890,  14,476. 

Austin,  Preston  co.,  W.  Va,     See  Austen, 

Aus'tinburg,  a  post-village  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0.,  in 
Austinhurg  town.-hip,  on  the  Ashtabula,  Youngstown  & 
Pittsburg  Railroad,  53  miles  N.  by  W.  from  Youngstown. 
It  has  the  Grand  River  Institute,  4  churches,  2  cheese- 
factories,  2  flour-mills,  <fce.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1111. 

Austinburg,  a  post-village  of  Tioga  co..  Pa.,  20  miles 
N.W.  of  WelLsborough.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  100. 

Aus'tin  Lake,  a  station  in  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.,  7 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Kalamazoo, 

Aus'tin's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hawkins  co.,  Tenn., 
on  a  branch  railroad,  3  miles  S,  of  Rogcrsvillo.  It  has  a 
flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Austin's  Springs,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort 
of  Washington  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  AVatauga  River,  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Jonesborough.  It  has  a  church,  a  hotel,  and  2 
medicinal  springs. 

Aus'tintown,  a  post-village  of  Mahoning  co.,  0.,  in 
Austintown  township,  and  on  the  Niles  &  New  Lisbon 
Branch  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Niles,  and  5  or  6  miles  W. 
of  Youngstown.    It  has  5  churches.    Pop.  of  township,  1948. 

Aus'tinville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  about 
44  miles  N.  by  E.  from  AVilliamsport.     It  has  a  church. 

Austinville,  a  hamlet  of  Wythe  co.,  Va.,  on  New 
River,  10  miles  from  Max  Meadows  Railroad  Station.  It 
has  a  church,  a  load-mine,  and  a  smclting-furnace  for  lead. 


Austral  Archipelago,  aws'tral  ar-ke-pel'a-go,  or 
Toobooai  (too-boo-i')  Islands,  a  group  in  the  Pacilic, 
S.  of  the  Society  Islands,  and  S.AV.  of  the  Low  Archipelago. 
Lat.  21°  50'-23°  42'  S.;  Ion.  155°-147°  11'  AV.  They  are 
all  small,  and  are,  or  have  been,  populous. 

Australasia,  aws-tral-4'she-a,  a  division  of  the  globe 
forming  a  part  of  Oceania,  extending  between  the  equator 
and  lat.  47°  S.,  consisting  of  the  continent  of  Australia,  the 
islands  of  Tasmania,  New  Zealand,  and  the  Fiji  group,  and 
those  parts  of  the  Malay  Archipelago  and  Polynesia  be- 
tween Ion.  130°  and  170°  E.,  viz.,  Papua,  the  Aroo  Islands, 
Timor  Laut,  New  Britain,  New  Irel.and,  New  Caledonia, 
and  the  Admiralty,  Solomon,  New  Hebrides,  and  Queen 
Charlotte's  Islands,  and,  according  to  some  geographers, 
some  other  groups.  It  is  also  called  Melanesia  ("'  black 
islands"),  many  of  its  native  inhabitants  being  black. 
Australasia,  signifying  "  Southern  Asia,"  was  formerly  re- 
garded as  belonging  to  Asia. 

Australia,  aws-tri'le-a  (Fr.  Auslralie,  os'tri^lce'; 
Ger.  Australieii,  ows-tr4'le-?n),  (i.e.,  "southern"  region), 
formerly  New  Holland,  the  largest  island  in  the  world, 
but  often,  on  account  of  its  vast  extent,  regarded  as  a  con- 
tinent, is  situated  within  10°  47'  and  39°  11'  S,  lat.,  and  US" 
and  153°  30'  E.  Ion. ;  having  the  Pacific  on  the  E.  and  S., 
the  Indian  Ocean  on  the  AV.,  and  the  Arafoora  Sea  on  the 
N.  It  is  2500  miles  in  length  from  E.  to  AV.,  and  measures 
1950  miles  from  N,  to  S.  The  .area  and  population  of  its 
political  divisions  (all  of  them  British  colonies)  and  of  the 
whole  continent  are  approximately  as  follows : 


Colonies. 


Queensland 

New  South  AVales 

Victoria 

South      Australia,     with 

Northern  Territory 

AVesteru  Australia 

Total 


Area  in 
square  miles. 


678,000 

32.''),000 
88,198 

914,730 
878,299 


2,984,827 


Population. 


393,718 
■1,1:14,207 
1,140,411 

315,048 

49,782 


3,033,166 


For  1891. 


The  above  are  official  estimates  for  areas ;  some  of  them 
differ  widely  from  other  published  estimates;  and  the 
population  is  exclusive  of  the  aborigines  of  the  interior, 
whose  numbers  are  placed  at  65,000.  Some  of  the  boundary- 
lines  are  unsettled ;  and  the  above  figures  include  the  area 
and  population  of  the  coast  islands.  The  whole  area  is 
about  that  of  the  United  States  without  Alaska. 

The  coast-line  is  some  8000  miles  long ;  and  there  is  a 
conspicuous  paucity  of  inlets,  except  on  the  N.,  where  we 
find  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  A'^an  Diemen's  Gulf,  Queen's 
Channel,  and  Cambridge  Gulf.  On  the  N,AV.,  Admiralty 
Gulf,  Collier  Bay,  and  King  Sound  are  noteworthy  indenta- 
tions of  the  coast.  Others  are  Exmouth  Gulf  and  Shark 
Bay,  on  the  AV, ;  Spencer  Gulf,  Gulf  of  St,  Vincent,  Port 
Phillip  Bay,  Encounter  Bay,  and  the  Great  Australian  Bight, 
on  the  S. ;  and  Moreton  Bay,  Hervey  Bay,  and  Broad  Sound, 
on  the  E.  Along  the  whole  E.  coast,  from  Cape  York  south- 
ward, extends  a  mountain-range  called  the  Australian  Alps, 
with  various  other  local  names.  This  range  is  1700  miles 
long,  and  has  an  average  height  of  1500  feet,  and  nowhere 
reaches  the  perpetual  snow-line ;  but  it  was  long  a  formi- 
dable barrier  to  communication  with  the  interior.  The  east- 
ern slope  is  thus  very  narrow,  and  its  streams  are  short  and 
rapid,  flowing  frequently  in  deeply-worn  canons ;  but  in 
many  cases  their  estuaries  are  deep,  and  serve  as  harbors, 
which  otherwise  would  be  almost  wholly  wanting  on  this 
coast.  On  the  AV.  coast  there  is  a  corresponding  mountain- 
range  of  some  extent.  Australia  is  singularly  deficient  in 
large  rivers.  The  Murray  and  its  tributaries,  the  Darling, 
Murrumbidgee,  and  Lachlan,  are  the  largest ;  and  the  main 
stream  affords  a  considerable  extent  of  steam  navigation. 
Other  considerable  streams  are  Roper  and  A'ictoria  Rivers, 
in  the  N. ;  the  Burdekin,  Brisbane,  and  Fitzroy,  in  Queens- 
land; Swan,  Murchison,  Gascoyne,  Fortescue,  Dc  Grey, 
Glenelg,  Endeavor,  Johnstone,  and  Prince  Regent  Rivers, 
in  the  AV,  and  N.AV,  In  Victoria  the  longest  streams  are 
the  Glenelg,  Avoea,  Hopkins,  Goulburn,  Loddon,  AV^an- 
non,  and  AVimmera,  all  inconsiderable,  but  some  of  great 
importance  in  irrigation  and  in  mining  operations.  Among 
the  streams  of  the  E.  coast  are  the  Hawkesbury,  Hunter, 
Shoalhaven,  Clarence,  Macleay,  and  Manning.  The  streams 
are  in  many  cases  dried  up  or  reduced  to  a  succession  of 


Atre 


556 


AUS 


finols  in  saintner.  Ijakm,  both  mit  and  tmh,  iir«  somewhat 
numeroug,  but  mnny  of  thom  dry  up  in  suiiiinor. 

Utnloijy. — Mont  of  the  groat  geological  stages  of  the 
world's  growth  have  left  their  tracoi'  in  Au!<tralia.  The 
great  jilains  of  the  interior  are  mostly  of  tertiary  sandstone, 
ftnd  the  remains  of  the  same  e|)och  are  everywhere  abun- 
dant, except  in  the  E.,  where  marine  deposits  of  the  tertiary 
ago  are  wanting.  Deep  accumulations  of  the  drift  occur  in 
the  S.E.,  often  fossiliferous,  and  not  unfrequently  aurifer- 
ous; but  most  of  the  gold  is  from  Lower  Silurian  strata. 
The  Permian  and  Triassio  rocks  have  not  been  observctl. 
Ib  the  eastern  colonies  there  are  very  important  areas  of 
true  carboniferous  formation.  The  mountains,  especially 
westward,  are  largely  of  granite.  There  are  abundant  evi- 
dences of  volcanic  action;  but  it  is  believed  that  there  is  no 
roloano  now  active  in  the  whole  continent. 

Miueral  Wealth. — Australia  has  since  1851  stood  in  the 
first  rank  for  the  production  of  gold ;  but  the  rich  alluvial 
mines  at  first  worked  are  now  to  a  great  extent  exhausted, 
and  the  present  product  is  mostly  from  quartz-reefs.  Gold 
is  chiefly  worked  in  New  South  Wales,  Victoria,  and,  to  some 
extent,  in  Queensland.  Victoria  and  South  Australia,  the 
latter  especially,  have  rich  deposits  of  copper.  Queensland 
and  New  South  Wales  lead  in  the  mining  of  tin.  Good  iron 
ore  and  excellent  coal  are  very  abundant  in  large  areas  of 
the  eastern  colonies.  Valuable  oil-shales  abound.  Cinnabar, 
leixd,  and  silver  are  reported  at  various  points.  Diamonds 
have  been  found,  and  other  precious  stones  occur. 

Climate. — The  absence  of  high  interior  mountains  causes 
a  marked  deficiency  in  the  rainfall  of  Australia,  except 
along  the  eastern  border.  Consequently  there  arc  great 
areas  of  desert  land,  especially  southwcstward ;  and  many 
well-settled  regions  are  exposed  to  hot  winds  from  the  in- 
terior, which  come  laden  with  dust  and  discomfort,  but  are 
not  prejudicial  to  health.  In  the  N.  the  tropical  heats  are 
mucn  modified  by  a  strong  monsoon.  Australia  is  singularly 
free  from  endemic  and  zymotic  diseases ;  but  in  some  sec- 
tions the  introduction  of  irrigation-works  is  reported  to 
bare  induced  the  prevalence  of  fevers.  There  is  very  little 
snow  or  ice  in  Australia,  except  in  the  higher  southern 
mountains  and  during  the  winter  months  (which  are  June, 
July,  and  August).  On  the  coast  and  in  the  plains  frosts 
seldom  occur,  even  in  the  extreme  south. 

Vegetation, — The  botany  of  Australia  is  very  remarkable, 
com])aratively  few  species  being  common  to  Australia  and 
to  other  quarters  of  the  globe.  Vegetation  in  the  E.  and 
N.  is  much  richer  than  elsewhere.  Of  timber  trees,  the 
genus  Eiicalt/ptii«  alone  has  some  400  species,  some  of  them 
exceedingly  valuable  for  their  timber,  bark,  or  gum ;  and 
one  of  them  is  believed  to  afiFord  the  tallest  trees  in  the 
world.  Many  of  the  trees  are  evergreen,  and  many  have 
vertical  leaves  and  thus  cast  but  little  shade.  The  tewart, 
jarruh,  iron-bark,  and  blue  gum  (all  Eucalypti),  the  he  and 
she  oaks  {Caaiiarina),  several  acacias,  and  some  noble  conif- 
erous trees  {Araucaria,  etc.)  afford  useful  timber.  In  the 
N.  grows  the  baobab,  or  gouty-stem  {Adangonta  Gregorii). 
The  grass-tree  (a  large  lily)  produces  a  valuable  gum.  There 
are  very  few  native  food-plants  or  useful  indigenous  fruits. 
In  the  desert  tracts  grows  a  useless  Spiuifex,  the  character- 
istic plant  of  the  waterless  regions.  The  arable  parts  of 
Australia  have  proved  well  fitted  for  nearly  all  the  crops  of 
Europe  and  America.  Wheat,  barley,  maize,  the  vino,  the 
gilk-mulberry,  and  northward  cotton,  sugar-cane,  and  trop- 
ical fruits,  grow  to  perfection.  European  forage  plants  are 
to  some  extent  succeeding  the  native  grasses. 

AnimaU. — The  zoology  of  Australia  is  even  more  re- 
markable than  its  botany.  There  are  110  known  existing 
tpecies  of  marsupial  mammals  here  (kangaroos,  wombats, 
phalangers,  etc.) :  indeed,  excepting  a  few  American  and 
some  extinct  species,  all  the  known  marsupials  are  Aus- 
tralasian. Australia  has  no  native  carnivora  except  the 
dog,  unless  we  so  designate  the  flesh-eating  marsupials ; 
and  the  ruminating  beasts,  the  monkeys,  and,  indeed,  most 
of  the  higher  animal  orders,  are  wanting.  There  are  over 
20  kinds  of  bats,  and  several  rats ;  these,  with  man,  the  dog, 
some  seals  and  cetaceans,  and  the  dugong  (a  marine  sirenian, 
valuable  for  its  oil),  are  the  only  native  placcntn.1  mammals. 
There  are  two  or  three  bird-like  monotrcmata,  of  which  the 
duck-billed  platypus  is  the  most  remarkable.  Of  the  birds 
we  may  notice  the  black  swan,  the  emu,  and  the  brush 
turkeys,  which  hatch  their  young  in  mounds  of  fermenting 
rubbish.  There  are  many  parrots,  and  not  a  few  valuable 
game-birds.  Of  reptiles,  two  species  of  crocodile  occur  in 
the  N.,  and  there  are  many  lizards  and  serpents,  most  of 
the  latter  venomous,  and  some  of  them  deadly.  Batrachians 
abound ;  and  the  sea-fisheries  are  valuable,  as  well  as  those 
of  the  river  Murray.     Several  very  singular  fresh-water 


fishes  have  been  described.  Of  the  domestic  animals,  the 
sheep  is  the  most  important;  and  the  wool  of  Au^trallft 
ranks  as  its  most  valuable  commercial  product, — Rurpiixxing 
in  quantity,  and  cerUiinly  equalling  in  quality,  thiit  of  any 
other  country.  Horses  are  largely  bred  for  ex]>ortiiti(in  to 
India.  The  camel  has  been  introduced  to  some  extent,  and 
has  done  good  service  in  the  explorations  of  the  interior. 

The  native  peoples  of  Australia  arc  of  many  tribes  and 
languages,  but  appear  to  be  of  one  original  stock,  soniuwhiit 
closely  allied  to  the  Papuan,  and  more  rcinotely  to  the 
Negrillo  races  of  the  Malay  archipelago.  They  are  very 
degraded,  have  slender  religious  notions,  and  have  no  agri- 
culture, and  no  navigation  except  in  the  rudest  canoes  and 
floats.  They  practise  cannibalism  to  some  extent,  and  live 
mainly  by  hunting  and  fishing,  but  devour  worms,  in,«ect«, 
and  such  other  repulsive  objects.  Their  dwellings  and 
clothing  are  of  the  simplest  kind.  A  recent  authority  states 
that  they  learn  the  English  language  with  wonderful  facility 
and  are  by  no  means  deficient  in  good  sense.  Those  of  the 
N.  and  N.W.  stand  highest  in  point  of  intelligence.  They 
use  the  spear  and  the  boomerang  in  war  and  in  hunting. 

Ifiatory. — Australia  is  mentioned  as  Great  Java  and  n* 
Terra  Aiigtrnlit  by  Portuguese  and  Dutch  authorities  of 
the  sixteenth  century.  The  Spaniard  Torres,  and  the 
Dutch  explorers  Ilartog  and  Tasman,  explored  large  por- 
tions of  its  coast,  and  gave  it  the  name  of  New  Holland; 
but  no  colonization  was  attempted  until  1788,  after  Cook  had 
examined  a  large  portion  of  the  coast  and  taken  a  formal 
possession  of  the  same  as  British  territory.  The  Australian 
colonies  were  penal  institutions,  a  large  share  of  the  settlers 
being  convicts,  up  to  1837,  since  which  time  comparatively 
few  felons  have  been  sent  out,  and  these  chiefly  to  Western 
Australia, — the  sentence  being  to  "  penal  servitude"  instead 
of  to  mere  "  transportation."  Some  notice  of  tlie  settlement 
of  each  of  the  colonies  will  be  found  under  the  appro- 
priate headings.  Sheep-raising  was  introduced  in  ISu;!,  iind 
wool  has  since  been  the  principal  commercial  staple  of  the 
country.  Gold  was  discovered  in  1851,  and  since  that  time 
no  small  share  of  the  world's  supply  of  that  metal  has  been 
from  this  quarter.  Where  rains  are  sufficient,  and  where 
irrigation  is  practicable,  general  agriculture  receives  profit- 
able attention.  New  South  Wales  is  becoming  the  seat  of 
important  manufactures.  All  the  colonies  are  virtually 
autonomic,  but  the  governors  are  appointed  by  the  crown, 
and  the  home  government  has  certain  reserved  prerogatives. 
The  recent  extension  of  railway  facilities,  and  the  con- 
nection of  Australia  with  Asia  and  Europe  by  telegraph 
cable,  have  much  facilitated  business.  An  interesting  ])art 
of  Australian  history  is  the  record  of  interior  exploration. 
This  has  been  going  on,  in  spite  of  many  obstacles,  ever 
since  1800,  and  is  by  no  means  yet  complete.  The  nanici 
of  Hunter,  Oxley,  Sturt,  Leichardt,  Stuart,  Mitchell,  Eyre, 
Burke,  Wills,  Howitt,  Warburton,  and  Forrest  are  promi- 
nent in  this  connection  ;  and  the  general  result  of  the  work 
is  the  establishment  of  the  fact  that  great  areas  of  the  west 
and  centre  are  hopelessly  desert. 

Australia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bolivar  co..  Miss.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River. 

Anstra'lian  Alps,  a  mountain-range  of  Australia,  in 
the  colonies  of  Victoria  and  New  South  Wales,  extcmling 
from  lat.  38°  S.,  Ion.  146°  36'  E.,  in  a  N.E.  direction  for 
about  200  miles,  and  forming  part  of  the  great  Australian 
chain  from  Wilson's  Promontory  to  Cape  York. 

Anstrasia,  Austrasie.  See  Ostuasia. 

Aiistria-Ilnngary,  aws'tre-a-hiing'ga-re,  or  the 
Aus'tro-Huiiga'rian  Mon'arcliy  (Fr.  ^H^riVAe-//")i- 
grie,  oHrcesh'-h6N'>^giee',  or  Monarchie  Angtro-Hotiyioine, 
mo^nar^she'  osHro'-h^No'grwiz' ;  Ger.  Oesterreich-iiiii/a- 
riscke  Monarchie,  os't§r-riK*-6on-gi're-sh?h  mo-nar-Ke'), 
an  extensive  empire  of  Central  Europe,  and  one  of  the  six 
great  European  powers.  It  is  mostly  included  between  lit. 
42°  and  51°  N.,  and  Ion.  9°  and  26°  E.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  Prussia  and  Russian  Poland.  E.  by  Russia  and 
Moldavia,  S.  by  Turkey,  S.W.  by  the  Adriatic  Sea,  and  W. 
by  Bavaria,  Italy,  and  Switzerland.  Capital,  Vienna.  Ar.a, 
240,942  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1890,  41,345,118.  This 
empire  is  a  heterogeneous  combination 'of  various  states  or 
countries  inhabited  by  peoples  differing  from  one  another 
in  race,  language,  religion,  and  laws. 

Phi/gical  Featureg. — This  is  the  most  mountainous  coun- 
try of  Europe  except  Switzerland.  Tyrol  and  Styria,  wliieh 
are  in  the  S.W.  part  of  the  empire,  are  occupied  by  several 
groups  of  Alpine  mountains,  called  the  Rhictian,  Noric.  Car- 
nic,  Julian,  and  Dinaric  Alps.  The  highest  mountain  in 
the  empire  is  the  Ortler-Spitze.  a  peak  of  the  Rha;tian  Alps, 
which  has  an  altitude  of  12,814  feet  above  the  sea-level. 
The  long  curvilinear  range  of  the  Carpathian  MounUiina 


AUS 


557 


AUT 


extends  along  the  N.B.  border  of  Hungary,  and  separates 
that  kingdom  from  Qalicia.  The  mountains  are  partly  cov- 
i  ered  with  vegetation,  and  forests  of  ash,  elm,  fir,  oak,  <fec. 
Tyrol  has  its  glaciers,  perpetual  snow,  and  avalanches,  and 
abounds  in  grand  and  picturesque  scenery.  The  most  im- 
portant river  is  the  Danube,  which  crosses  the  W.  frontier 
at  Passau,  runs  southeastward,  and  forms  part  of  the  south- 
ern boundary  of  the  empire.  The  other  principal  rivers  are 
the  Dniester,  the  Elbe,  the  Mur,  the  Theiss,  the  Oder,  the 
Drave,  and  the  Save.  The  Vistula  forms  a  small  part  of 
the  N.  boundary.  Steamboats  navigate  the  Danube,  which 
is  an  importiint  commercial  highway.  The  largest  lake  in 
the  empire  is  the  Balatony  or  Flatten  See,  46  miles  long. 
I^any  other  lakes  occur  in  the  mountainous  districts. 

Geoluiji/  and  Minerals. — The  Alpine  mountains  are  com- 
posed of  granite,  gneiss,  mica-slate,  limestone,  &o.  Large 
masses  of  dolomite  are  found  in  the  Tyroleso  mountains. 
The  tertiary  formation  is  largely  developed  in  the  plains 
aad  lowlands.  The  granitic  mountains  of  Hungary  are 
rich  in  gold  and  silver.  This  empire  surpasses  most  coun- 
tries of  Europe  in  mineral  resources.  The  annual  product 
of  gold  is  about  64,000  ounces,  and  that  of  silver  1,476,000 
ounces.  Gold,  silver,  copper,  coal,  iron,  lead,  tin,  quick- 
Bilver,  salt,  zinc,  cobalt,  antimony,  bismuth,  nickel,  man- 
ganese, chrome,  marble,  slate,  and  precious  stones  are  found 
in  various  places.  Iron  is  the  most  important  mineral 
product.    Coal  and  lignite  are  largely  mined. 

Climate,  Vegetable  Productions,  &c, — The  climate  may  be 
divided  into  three  zones,  the  most  northern  of  which  com- 
prises part  of  Bohemia,  Galicia,  and  Moravia.  Here  the 
winters  are  long  and  cold,  and  the  staple  products  are 
wheat,  barley,  oats,  rye,  flax,  and  hemp.  The  central  zone 
lies  between  46°  and  49°  N.  lat.,  including  Lower  and  Upper 
Austria,  the  greater  part  of  Hungary,  &c.  Vienna,  which 
is  in  this  zone,  has  a  mean  annual  temperature  of  50°,  a 
maximum  of  94°,  and  a  minimum  of  2°  Fahr.  In  the  south- 
ern zone,  including  D.almatia,  the  seasons  are  more  mild  and 
equable.  Here  the  vine,  olive,  and  maize  flourish.  Nearly 
one-third  of  the  productive  area  of  the  empire  is  covered 
with  forests  of  ash,  beech,  chestnut,  elm,  oak,  pine,  Ac. 
The  flora  of  Austro-Hungary  is  remarkable  for  its  variety, 
comprising  about  4000  species  of  flowering  plants.  The 
Boil  of  the  plains  and  hills  is  generally  fertile.  A  large 
portion  of  it  is  adapted  to  the  culture  of  grapes  for  wine. 
Hungary  produces  a  celebrated  wine  called  Tokay.  Among 
the  wild  animals  are  bears,  wolves,  wild  boars,  foxes,  deer, 
lynxes,  wild  cats,  and  otters.  The  number  of  horses  in  the 
country  at  the  latest  returns  was  3,525,842,  and  the  number 
of  horned  cattle  12,704,405.  The  quantity  of  grain  pro- 
duced annually  is  about  400,000,000  bushels. 

Industry  and  Commerce. — The  majority  of  the  Austrian 
people  are  engaged  in  agriculture  and  pursuits  connected 
with  the  forests.  The  proportion  of  those  employed  in  trade 
and  manufactures  varies,  amounting  to  30  per  cent,  in  Lower 
Austria,  24  per  cent,  in  Bohemia,  22  in  Moravia,  19  in  Upper 
Austria,  and  14  in  Tyrol.  The  manufactures  have  made 
great  progress  during  the  last  25  years.  Among  the  manu- 
factured products  are  cotton,  woollen,  linen,  and  silk  stuffs, 
wares  of  gold,  copper,  iron,  silver,  tin,  and  zinc,  leather, 
paper,  beer,  chemicals,  brandy,  porcelain,  glassware,  and 
musical  instruments.  The  principal  seats  of  the  cotton, 
woollen,  and  linen  manufactures  are  in  Bohemia,  Moravia, 
Silesia,  and  Vienna.  Bohemia  has  the  most  important 
manufactures  of  glass  and  porcelain.  The  largest  manu- 
factories of  steel,  cutlery,  iron,  and  hardware  are  in  Carin- 
thia,  Lower  and  Upper  Austria,  Bohemia,  and  Styria. 

This  empire  is  not  favorably  situated  for  commerce,  on 
account  of  its  inland  position  and  the  small  extent  of  its 
sea-coast.  Triest  is  its  principal  seaport.  The  Danube 
affords  about  800  miles  of  steam  navigation  within  the 
limits  of  Austro-Hungary,  and  about  14,000  miles  of  railway 
have  been  completed.  The  chief  articles  of  export  are  cotton 
goods,  woollen  goods,  linen,  iron,  leather,  wine,  grain,  salt, 
timber,  tobacco,  and  olive  oil.  The  chief  articles  imported 
are  raw  cotton,  coffee,  cotton  goods,  iron  rails  and  wrought 
iron,  and  tobacco.  The  value  of  the  exports  for  1885 
amounted  to  672,083,000  florins  (1  florin  =  36  cents).  The 
imports  for  that  year  were  valued  at  657,948,000  florins. 
The  public  debt  in  January,  1886,  was  3,485,881,310  florins. 

Races  and  Religions. — This  empire  is  inhabited  by  three 
principal  races, — the  German  or  Teutonic  (about  9,000,000), 
the  Slavonic  (about  16,500,000),  and  the  Magyars  or  Hun- 
garians (about  5,500,000).  The  Slavonic  race  comprises 
Czechs,  Croats,  Buthens,  Poles,  Slovacks,  Serbians,  Morlacks, 
Vinds,  and  other  peoples.  There  are  also  many  Rouma- 
nians. The  languages  spoken  by  the  different  races  are 
German,  Slavonian,  Magyar,  <fcc.  j  but  French  is  the  diplo- 


matic language  of  thu  empire.  The  Roman  Catholic  relU 
gion  is  professed  by  the  imperial  family  and  a  large  majority 
of  the  people.  The  number  of  Protestants  in  Hungary  ig 
estimated  at  2,500,000,  and  there  are  large  numbers  of 
Jews  and  members  of  the  Greek  Church  in  difi'erent  parts 
of  the  empire. 

Divisions  and  Governvient. — The  following  table  gives 
the  area  and  civil  population  of  the  different  provinces 
(or  crown-lands),  of  vphich  at  present  there  are  18.  Tlio 
last  three  in  the  table  are  in  Transleithania. 


Crown  Lands. 


Lower  Austria 

Upper  Austria 

Salzburg 

Styria 

Carintliia 

Cariiiola 

Coastlund 

Tyrol  and  Vorarlberg 

Bohemia 

Moravia 

Silesia 

Galicia 

Rukowiiia 

Lalmatia 

Hungary  (iDcludiii<;  Transylvania) .. 

Cruatta  and  Slavonia 

Fiume 

Total  civil  population 

Military  pupulation 

Grand  total 


Area  in 
eq.  m. 


7,654 
4,031 
2,76T 
8,C70 
4,005 
3,856 
3,084 

11,^24 

2O,0GO 
8,583 
1,9S7 

30,307 

4,035 

4,'J40 

108,'258 

16,773 


Pop.  in 

1890. 


2,661,799 
785,a31 
173,510 

1,282,708 
361,008 
498,958 
695,384 
928,769 

5,843,094 

2,276,870 
605,649 

6,607,816 

e46,591 

527,426 

15,122,514 

2,184,414 
29,001 


41  231,342 
113,776 


41,345,118 


Pop.  per 
gq.  m. 


347 
169 

62 
148 

91 
129 
228 

82 
291 
204 
305 
218 
160 
106 
139 
130 
3625 


171 


The  head  of  the  Austro-IIungarian  Monarchy  is  the  em- 
peror and  king,  who  is  also  the  head  of  the  army  and  of 
the  executive.  The  succession  is  hereditary  in  the  order  of 
primogeniture  in  the  male  line  of  the  house  of  Hapsburg- 
Lothringen,  and,  ftiiling  this,  in  the  female  line.  The  em- 
pire consists  of  two  states  or  parts, — the  empire  of  Austria 
(or  Cisleithania),  in  which  the  dominant  race  is  the  German, 
and  the  kingdom  of  Hungary  (or  Transleithania),  in  whicli 
the  Magyar  influence  predominates. 

Each  of  these  has  its  own  parliament  and  ministers,  while 
the  army,  navy,  and  foreign  relations  are  common.  These 
are  directed  by  a  controlling  body  called  the  Delegations, 
consisting  of  60  members  for  each  state,  two-thirds  being 
elected  by  the  lower  house  and  one-third  by  the  upper 
house  of  each  of  the  parliamentary  bodies.  The  assent  of 
the  emperor  is  required  to  give  validity  to  their  decisions. 
The  executive  is  vested  in  three  departments, — a  ministry 
of  foreign  affairs,  a  ministry  of  war,  and  a  ministry  of 
finance.     These  are  responsible  to  the  Delegations. 

The  parliament  of  Austria,  called  Reichsrath,  consists  of 
an  upper  and  a  lower  house.  The  upper  house  is  composed 
of  princes  of  the  imperial  fomily,  of  hereditary  nobles,  of 
archbishops  and  bishops,  and  of  life-members  nominated  by 
the  emperor  on  account  of  their  meritorious  services.  The 
members  of  the  lower  house  are  elected  by  the  vote  of  all 
citizens  who  are  of  age  and  possess  a  small  property  quali- 
fication. The  emperor  convokes  the  Reichsrath  annually. 
Military  service  is  compulsory  for  all  citizens  who  are  able 
to  bear  arms  and  have  attained  the  age  of  20.  A  law  of 
1868  fixed  the  number  of  the  army  on  a  war  footing  at 
800,000  men,  but  in  time  of  peace  the  number  is  252,000. 
For  several  centuries  the  Austrian  princes  of  the  house  of 
Hapsburg  were  Emperors  of  Germany;  but  in  1806  the  old 
elective  empire  was  abolished,  and  the  hereditary  dominions 
of  the  Hapsburgs  were  erected  into  the  Empire  of  Austria. 
In  succeeding  years  the  western  portion  of  the  empire  was 
included  in  the  German  Bund,  of  which  Austria  was  for 
many  years  the  most  influential  member.  In  June,  1866, 
as  competitors  for  the  supremacy  of  Germany,  Austria  and 
Prussia  were  involved  in  war ;  and  in  the  following  month  the 
Prussians  gained  at  Sadowa  a  decisive  victory,  the  result 
of  which  was  that  Austria  was  excluded  from  the  German 
Bund  and  was  compelled  to  cede  Venetia  to  Italy.  In  1867 
the  Austro-IIungarian  Monarchy  was  formed,  with  a  new 
constitution,  containing  the  above-named  conditions. 

Autancurry,  aw-tan-kiir'ree,  or  AutuncaraV)  a  sea- 
port of  India,  presidency  of  Madras,  1 1  miles  E.  of  Rajnnad. 
It  has  a  coasting  trade  in  rice  and  tobacco. 

Autauga,  aw-taw'ga,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of 
Alabama,  has  an  area  of  about  650  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Alabama  River,  and  is  partly 


AUT 


558 


AVA 


4nined  by  Autouga  and  Mulberry  Creeks.  The  surface  is 
hilly  or  undulating ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  A  large  portion  of 
the  county  is  oovero<i  with  forests.  Cotton  and  Imliitn  corn 
are  the  sUple  products.  The  Eiist  Tennessee,  Virginia  A 
Georgia  Railroad  passes  along  the  W.  border  of  this  county, 
which  is  also  traversed  by  the  Louievillo  &  Nashville  Ilail- 
road,  irhioh  orosses  the  N.K.  portion  of  the  oountv.  Cupi- 
Ul.  I'rattville.  Pop.  in  1S70,  11,623;  in  1880,  13,108;  in 
1890,  13,330. 

Autau'gavillet  a  post-rillage  of  Autauga  oo.,  Ala., 
abiut  2j  uiilcs  E.  of  Sclma,  and  2  miles  from  the  Alabama 
River.  It  has  3  churches,  2  cotton-factorios,  an  acadeiuy, 
a  flour-mill,  and  abundant  wator-powor.     Pop.  about  800. 

Ailterivc,  O't^h-reev',  a  town  of  Franco,  department  of 
Ilaute-Garonnu,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Ari^ge,  16  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Toulouse.     Pop.  3313. 

Auteuil)  S'tuI',  formerly  a  village  of  Franco,  depart- 
ment of  Seine,  now  the  ICth  arrondissomont  of  Paris. 

AuthiCf  oHeo',  and  Authion,  0'te-6>-»',  two  small 
rivers  of  Franco :  the  former  flows  N.W.,  between  the  de- 
partments of  Somme  and  Pas-de-Calais,  and  enters  the 
English  Channel  25  miles  S.  of  Boulogne,  after  a  course  of 
35  miles;  the  latter,  ii^the  department  of  Maino-ot-Loiro, 
joins  the  Loire  4  miles  S.E.  of  Angers,  after  a  W.  course  of 
about  35  miles. 

Autissiodorum,  Autcssiodurum.    See  Auxerre. 

Aiitlan  de  la  Grana^  6w-tliin'  d&  \k  gr&'nil,  a  town 
of  Mexico,  state  of  Jalisco,  140  miles  S.W.  of  Guadalajara. 
It  has  a  trade  in  cacao,  salt,  and  cochineal.     Pop.  4000. 

Au  Traiii»  o-triin',  a  post-village,  capital  of  Alger  co., 
Mich.,  on  Lake  Superior,  and  on  the  Au  Train  River,  30 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Marquette.     Pop.  300. 

Aiitriche,  and  Autrichien.   See  Austria-Hungary. 

Aiitricum,  the  ancient  name  of  Chaiitrk'<. 

Autumn  Leaves,  a  post-ofiRce  of  Wayne  co.,  Pa. 

Autun,  o'tuN""'  (anc.  llibrac'te,  afterwards  AiKjiiHtudu'- 
nitm),  a  city  of  France,  department  of  S.^one-et-Loir^,  on 
the  Arroux,  60  milss  N.W.  of  Micon,  and  230  miles  by  rail 
S.E.  of  Paris.  Pop.  11,684.  It  is  picturesquely  sesited  at 
the  foot  of  finely-wooded  mountains,  and  has  a  lofty  Gothic 
cathedral,  a  college,  a  bishop's  palace,  library,  museum, 
sominarj',  and  tribunal  of  commerce,  with  manufactures  of 
carpets,  serges,  cottonades,  horse-cloths,  leather,  flour,  pot- 
tery, castings,  and  paper,  and  a  trade  in  timber,  hemp,  and 
cattle.  Large  masses  of  its  ancient  walls  remain,  with  two 
very  beautiful  and  perfect  gates,  the  ruins  of  an  amphithea- 
tre and  of  several  temples,  a  pyramid,  and  numerous  frag- 
ments of  other  Roman  edifices ;  it  has  also  a  choice  collection 
of  ancient  medals. 

Auvergne,  OVainfl'  (anc.  Arver'ni),  an  old  province 
of  France,  forming  the  present  departments  of  Cantal,  Puy- 
de-D6me,  and  a  small  part  of  Haute-Loire.  It  was  divided 
into  Upper  and  Lower  Auvergne,  and  had  for  capitals,  re- 
spectively, St.  Flour  and  Clermont. 

Auverg^ne  Mountains,  a  branch  of  the  Cevennes, 
extending  chiefly  in  the  departments  of  Puy-de-Dcimo  and 
Cantal,  and  separating  the  basins  of  the  Allier,  Cher,  and 
Creuse  from  those  of  the  Lot  and  Dordogne.  These  moun- 
tains form  extensive  and  confused  groups,  which  contain 
the  culminating  points  of  the  interior  of  France,  viz., 
Mont  Dor,  6188  feet;  Cantal,  0093  feet;  and  Puy-de-DOme, 
4806  feet.  They  contain  a  great  number  of  extinct  vol- 
canoes, and  present  sites  of  most  picturesque  grandeur.  The 
cone  of  Mont  Dor  rises  abruptly  to  a  height  of  several 
thousand  feet,  and  is  composed  of  scorisB,  pumice-stone,  and 
fine  detritus  mixed  with  beds  of  basalt.  The  minor  volca- 
noes form  an  irregular  ridge,  extending  along  a  platform  18 
miles  in  length.  They  are  generally  truncated  at  the  top, 
and  the  crater  is  often  entire. 

Anvers,  5*vaiR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine-et-Oise, 
on  a  railway,  3  miles  E.N.E.  of  Pontoise.     Pop.  1720. 

Anvillar,  or  Auvillars,  oVeeryan'  or  oH-ee^yan',  a 
town  and  port  of  France,  in  Tarn-et-Garonne,  on  the 
Garonne,  13  miles  by  rail  W.S.AV.  of  Moissac.     Pop.  1745. 

Aux  Cayes,  o-ki',  Cayes,  k&,  or  Les  Cayes,  li- 
ki',  a  town  of  Ilayti,  on  the  S.  coast,  92  miles  W.S.AV.  of 
Port  Republican.     It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  some  trade. 

Auxerre,o*saiR'  (anc.  Antiimiodo'rum),  acityof  France, 
capital  of  the  department  of  Yonne,  105  miles  by  rail  S.S.E. 
of  Paris,  on  the  Yonne.  Pop.  15,497.  It  is  surrounded  by 
vineyards,  and  by  boulevards  occupying  the  site  of  its  an- 
cient walls,  and  has  some  good  streets,  a  quay  along  the 
Yonne,  fine  Gothic  churches,  a  curious  clock-tower,  a  public 
library  of  30,000  volumes,  museum,  college,  tribunal  of 
commerce,  theatre,  normal  school,  hospital,  Ac,  with  a 
trade  in  wines,  timber,  and  charcoal,  and  in  hosiery,  coun- 
terpanes, barrels,  and  musical  strings  manufactured  hero. 


Anximum,  the  ancient  name  of  Osimo. 

Auxon,  Ox'Aii»'  or  ok*siN"',  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Aube,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Troyos.     Pop.  1605. 

Auxonne,  ok^sonn',  a  fortine<l  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  COte-d'Or,  on  the  SaOne,  and  on  a  railway,  17  iiiilci 
S.E.  of  Dijon.  It  has  an  arsenal,  barracks,  and  magii/ines, 
with  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth  and  nails.    Pop.  6'.)11. 

Auxvasae,  O^vass',  a  post-village  of  Callaway  co.,  Mo., 
on  the  Chicago  A  Alton  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Mexico! 
It  has  4  churches,  a  weekly  newspaper,  Ac.     Pop.  1903. 

Auxy-le-ChAteau,  Ok'see'l^h-shiVtO',  a  town  of 
France,  department  of  Pas-de-Calais,  on  the  Authie,  15 
miles  S.W.  of  St.  Pol.     Pop.  2950. 

Auzanccs,  O'zAnss',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Creuse,  32  miles  S.E.  of  Gu6ret.     Pop.  1249. 

Anzon,  G'z&n<>',  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute-Loire,  on 
the  Allier,  34  miles  N.W.  of  Le  Puy.     Pop.  1510. 

Ava,  il'vft  (anc.  Aeuij-xea,  "a  fish-pond"),  a  city,  for- 
merly capital  of  the  Rurmoso  dominions,  on  the  Irrawadily, 
360  miles  N.  of  Rangoon.  Lat.  21°  58'  N. ;  Ion.  95°  58' 
10"  E.  It  consists  of  an  outer  and  an  inner  city,  both  forti> 
fied.     Estimated  pop.  25,000. 

Ava,  l'v4,  a  town  of  Japan,  on  the  island  of  Hondo,  50 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Tokio,  formerly  capital  of  a  principality  of 
the  same  name. 

Ava,  a  town  of  Japan,  on  the  island  of  Sliikoku,  lat. 
33°  53'  N.,  Ion.  134°  12'  E.,  with  the  best  harbor  in  the 
island,  formerly  capital  of  a  principality  of  the  same  naue. 

Ava,  kingdom.     See  Rukmah. 

Ava,  ah'vah  or  a'vah,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berrien  co.,  Ga., 
about  50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Albany. 

Ava,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  111.,  21  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Spartiv.  It  has  2  churches,  2  banks,  and  a 
newspaper  oflice.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Ava,  an  incorporated  post-village,  capital  of  Douglas 
CO.,  Mo.,  14  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Mansfield.  It  has  5  church 
organizations,  a  bank,  a  flour-mill,  a  normal  school,  and  2 
newspaper  oftices.     Pop.  about  250. 

Ava,  a  post-village  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Ava  town- 
ship, about  16  miles  N.  of  Rome.  It  has  2  churches,  and 
manufacturesofcheeseand  lumber.    Pop.  of  township,  1160. 

AvH,  a  post-hamlet  of  Noble  co.,  0.,  43  miles  by  rail 
N.  of  Marietta.     It  l;as  a  church. 

Avacha,  Avatcha,  or  Avatscha,  i-vl'chi,  some- 
times written  Avatchka,  i-vitch'ki,  a  town  of  Kam- 
chatka, on  Avacha  Bay,  20  miles  S.  of  Avachinskaya 
Mountain. 

Avacha,  Avatcha,  or  Avatscha,  a  bay  in  the  S.E. 
part  of  Kamchatka,  affording  the  best  harbor  on  the  coast. 
On  it  are  the  towns  of  Avacha  and  Petropaulovski,  at  the 
latter  of  which  it  receives  the  waters  of  the  Avacha  River. 

Avachinskaya,  Avatchinskaya,  or  Awatsch  in- 
skaja,  H-vi-chin-ski'yi,  also  called  Mount  Avacha, 
an  active  volcano  in  Kamchatka,  in  lat.  53°  15'  N.,  Ion. 
158°  50'  E. ;  elevation,  9055  feet.  At  its  summit  is  a 
crater  several  hundred  yards  in  circumference,  and  on  its 
E.  side,  at  an  elevation  of  5000  feet,  is  another  crfitcr, 
similar  in  origin  and  appearance  to  Monte  Somma  (Vesu- 
vius). In  1827,  1837,  and  1855  Avachinskaya  was  in  vio- 
lent eruption. 

Avadsi,  a  town  of  Japan.    See  Avasi. 

Availles  Limousine,  i'v&l'  (or  i'vd'y?h)  lee'moo'- 
zeen',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Vienne,  on  the 
Vienne,  17  miles  E.  of  Civray.     Pop.  2074. 

Av'alanche,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vernon  co..  Wis.,  in 
Webster  township,  38  miles  S.E.  of  La  Crosse.  It  is  on  an 
afilucnt  of  the  Kickapoo  River,  and  has  a  woollen-factory. 

Avalanche  Lake,  a  small  lake  in  Essex  co.,  N.Y., 
among  the  Adirondacks,  is  at  the  E.  base  of  Mount  Mcln- 
tyre.  Here  is  a  great  trap  dike,  by  which  "  Mount  Mo- 
Martin,  which  rises  boldly  from  Avalanche  Lake,  is  nearly 
bisected."  The  surface  of  this  lake  is  2900  feet  above 
the  tide. 

Aval  Island,  in  the  Persian  Gulf.    See  BAHREm. 

Avallon,  il'v4ri6>-o'  (anc.  Abal'lo),  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  Yonne,  on  the  Voisin,  and  on  a  railway,  26 
miles  S.E.  of  Auxerre.  It  has  an  active  trade,  and  manu- 
factures of  cloths,  thread,  leather,  and  paper.     Pop.  5622. 

Avalon,  av'a-lon,  a  large  peninsula,  forming  the  S.E. 
part  of  Newfoundland,  having  Trinity  Bay  on  the  N.,  and 
Pl.acentia  Bay  on  the  S. 

Av'alon,  a  post-village  of  Livingston  co..  Mo.,  13  milei 
S.S.E.  of  Chillicoihe,  and  5  miles  from  Bedford  Station.  It 
has  3  churches,  an  academy,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  450. 

Avalon,  a  post-hamlet  and  watering-place  of  Cape 
May  CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  West  Jersey  Railroad. 

Avana,  a  city  of  Cuba.    See  Havana. 


AVA 


65d 


AVE 


Avar^  4-vaR',  or  Avaria,  4-vi're-4,  a  name  of  the 
khanat  of  Khorntzak,  a  native  state  of  the  Russian  govern- 
ment of  Daghestan,  in  the  Caucasus.  Area,  585  square 
miles.  Its  khan,  or  prince,  is  a  vassal  of  the  Czar.  The 
Avares  are  a  brave  race,  probably  of  Lcsghian  stock,  and 
MO  Soonnite  Mohammedans.     Pop.  30,545. 

Avareila,  Cape,  Cochin  China.     See  Cape  Vauella. 

Avaricum,  an  ancient  name  of  Bourges. 

Avasi,  dV4'see\  Avadsi,  a,Vid'see\  or  Soomo'to, 
a  town  of  Japan,  on  the  island  of  Avasi.  Lat.  34°  21'  N.; 
Ion.  134°  47'  E. 

Avasi,  Avadsi,  or  Awadsi,  an  island  of  Japan,  in 
the  strait  between  Hondo  and  Shikoku,  is  30  miles  long. 
Chief  town,  Avasi,  or  Soonioto. 

Avas  Uj  Var,  ohVosh'  oo-e-v3,R',  a  village  of  Hungary, 
00.  of  Szathm5,r,  13  miles  W.S.W.'of  Szigeth.     Pop.  2320. 

Avatanak,  3,-v4-t4n'3.k,  one  of  the  Aleutian  Islands, 
Alaska,  in  the  Fox  group. 

Avatcha,  a  town  and  bay  of  Kamchatka.   See  Avacha. 

A'vebury,  Aiv,  or  A'bury,  a  village  and  parish  of 
England,  co.  of  Wilts,  6  miles  W.  of  Marlborough.  Its  church 
is  of  high  antiquity,  and  in  the  vicinity  are  interesting  pre- 
historic remains.     Pop.  764. 

Aveiras  de  Cima,  i-vi'e-ris  di  see'ma,,  a  town  of 
Portugal,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Santarem.     Pop.  1884. 

Aveiro,  i-vi'e-ro,  a  seaport  town  of  Portugal,  province 
of  Beira,  on  the  estuary  of  the  Vouga,  31  miles  N.W,  of 
Coimbra.  Pop.  6456.  It  has  extensive  fisheries,  and  com- 
merce in  salt,  fish,  oil,  wine,  and  oranges. 

Aveiro,  3,-vi'e-ro,  a  town  of  Brazil,  on  the  Tapajos,  70 
miles  S.E.  of  Santarem.     Lat.  3°  28'  S. ;  Ion.  55°  25'  W. 

Avelghem,  or  Avelgehem,  3,'v9l-gh5m\  or  i'v?l- 
nJm^,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flanders,  on  the  Scheldt, 
and  on  a  railway,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Courtrai.     Pop.  3650. 

AveHa,  a,-v51'ia.,  a  town  of  Italy,  20  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Naples.  Pop.  3714.  Near  it  are  the  remains  of  Abel'la, 
celebrated  by  Virgil  {u3ineid,  vii.  740), 

Avellino,  3,-v61-lee'no  (anc.  Abelli'num),  a  fortified 
episcopal  city  of  Italy,  capital  of  the  province  of  Avellino, 
28  miles  E.  of  Naples.  Pop.  19,761.  It  has  a  cathedral,  sev- 
eral churches,  a  college,  a  public  granary,  manufactures  of 
woollen  fabrics,  paper,  macaroni,  and  sausages,  and  an  ex- 
tensive trade  in  hazel-nuts,  chestnuts,  and  corn. 

Avellino,  formerly  Principato  Ultra,  a  province  of 
Italy,  in  Campania,  is  traversed  by  the  Apennines.  It  has  a 
broken  surface,  with  many  fertile  valleys.  Area,  1409  square 
miles.     Ca])ital,  Avellino.     Pop.  375,691. 

Ave'na,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  111.,  in  Avena 
township,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  &  Terro  Haute  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  B.  by  N.  of  Vandalia.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  grist-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1182. 

Avenches,  a'viNsh',  or  Wiflisburg,  -^iflis-booRo* 
(anc.  Aven'ticum),  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Vaud, 
6  miles  S.W.  of  Morat.  Pop.  1835.  This  was  the  capital 
of  the  Ilelvetii,  and  afterwards  a  flourishing  Roman  colony, 
destroj'ed  by  the  Huns  in  447.  Its  ancient  walls  can  be 
traced  for  a  circuit  of  more  than  5  miles,  and  it  has  many 
Roman  remains. 

Avendale,  a  parish  of  Scotland,    See  Avondale. 

A'vening,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  8  milea 
from  Stajner.  It  contains  2  woollen-factories,  and  flour- 
and  saw-mills.     Pop.  200. 

Avenio,  the  ancient  name  of  Avignon. 

Av'enstoke,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anderson  co.,  Ky.,  8 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Lawrenceburg,  on  the  Queen  &  Cres- 
cent route.     It  has  several  stores  and  business  houses. 

Aventicum,  an  ancient  name  of  Avenches. 

Av'enue,  a  post-ofiice  of  Franklin  co.,  0.,  and  a  station 
on  the  Columbus  division  of  the  Cincinnati,  Sandusky  & 
Cleveland  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Columbus. 

Avenue, a  station  in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Western 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Alleghany  City. 

Avenue  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Andrew  co.,  Mo.,  on 
the  One  Hundred  and  Two  River,  about  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  St. 
Joseph.     It  has  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  100. 

Avenwedde,  i'v§n-Vfr5d^d§h,  a  village  of  Prussia,  West- 
phalia, 32  miles  S.W.  of  Minden,     Pop.  3552. 

Avenza,  i-vSn'zi,  or  Lavenza,  Id-vfin'zi,  a  town  of 
Italy,  on  the  torrent  Avenza,  near  the  sea,  3  miles  by  rail 
S.W,  of  Carrara.     Pop,  3254, 

A'verill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Midland  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Flint  &  Pcre  Marquette  Railroad,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Midland, 
and  25  miles  N.W.  of  East  Saginaw.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  shingle-mill.     Pop.  about  100. 

Averill,  a  station  in  Clay  eo.,  Minn.,  on  the  St.  Paul, 
Minneapolis  &  Manitoba  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Glyndon. 

Averill,  a  township  of  Essex  co.,  Vt.    Pop.  14. 


Averill  Park,  a  post-village  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y., 
10  miles  S.E.  of  Troy.  It  has  5  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  hosiery,  paint,  and  paper.     Pop.  1000. 

Averuakoe,  4-v5r'ni-ko'?h,  a  small  island  of  Den- 
mark, near  the  S.  coast  of  Funen. 

Averno,  i-v^R'no  (anc.  Aver' nits ;  Gr.'Aopi'o?,  "without 
a  bird"),  a  lake,  10  miles  W,  of  Naples,  near  the  Bay  of 
Baja.  It  occupies  the  crater  of  an  extinct  volcano  about 
half  a  mile  in  diameter,  is  very  deep,  and  has  no  outlet.  It 
was  anciently  surrounded  by  dense  forests,  and  so  unhealthy 
that  it  was  believed  no  bird  could  fly  over  it  without  being 
destroyed,  whence  its  name.  Its  banks  are  partly  occupied 
by  gardens  and  vineyards,  Agrippa  formed  a  canal  between 
Lake  Averno  and  the  sea,  but  the  communication  waa  de- 
stroyed by  an  eruption  of  Monte  Novo  in  1538. 

Averoe,  S.'v?r-o^^h,  an  island  of  Norw.ay,  at  the  entrance 
to  the  Stavnojsfiord.  Lat.  62°  57'  N.  Chief  town,  Kornstad. 

Aversa,  i-vSa'si,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta, 
9  miles  N.  of  Naples,  on  a  delightful  plain  covered  with 
orange-trees.  It  is  a  bustling  and  lively  place,  spacious 
and  well  built.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  bishop,  and  contains  9 
churches,  several  convents,  a  foundling  hospital,  and  a 
lunatic  asylum.  Aversa  is  famed  for  its  wine,  and  for  its 
almond  cakes,  called  torrone.  It  communicates  with  Naplea 
by  railway.     Pop.  18,248. 

A'very,  a  post-oflBce  of  Jo  Daviess  co..  111. 

Avery,  a  township  of  Hancock  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  114. 

Avery,  a  township  of  Humboldt  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  185. 

Avery,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  Iowa,  in  Mantua 
township,  6  miles  E.  or  S.E.  of  Albia.  It  has  2  churches. 
Coal  is  mined  near  this  place. 

Avery,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Michigan  Central  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of  New  Buffalo.  It 
has  a  steam  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  75. 

Avery,  a  station  of  Wyoming  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Montrose 
Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Tunkhannock. 

A'verysborough,  or  A'verasborough,  a  small 
post-village  of  Harnett  co.,  N.C.,  on  Cape  Fear  River,  about 
35  miles  S.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  1  church.  A  battle  waa 
fought  here  March  16,  1865,  between  the  Confederates  under 
Gen.  Hardee  and  the  Union  troops  under  Gen.  Sherman. 

Avery's  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Buncombe  co., 
N.C.,  20  miles  from  Old  Fort.     Pop.  655. 

Avery's  Gore,  a  tract  of  land  in  Franklin  co.,  Vt. 
Pop.  34.  This  is  one  of  sever.al  tracts  which  in  1791  were 
granted  to  Samuel  Avery.  There  is  a  tract  of  the  same 
name  in  Essex  co.,  others  in  Addison  and  Chittenden  cos, 

Avery's  Rock  Light-House  stands  at  the  head  of 
Machias  Bay,  Me. 

Aves,  A'vSs  (or  Bird)  Island,  an  uninhabited  island, 
147  miles  W.  of  Dominica.    Lat.  15°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  63°  38'  W. 

Aves  (or  Bird)  Islands,  a  small  group  of  the  Lesser 
Antilles,  E.S.E.  of  the  island  of  Buen  Ayre,  so  named 
from  the  vast  number  of  birds  which  frequent  them.  The 
only  inhabitants  are  a  few  fishers, 

Avesa,  S,-vA.'s3,,  a  village  of  Italy,  3  miles  N.  of  Verona, 
near  the  Adige,     Pop.  2053. 

Avesnes,  i' vain',  a  fortified  town  of  France,  department 
of  Nord,  on  the  Helpe,  and  on  a  railway,  51  miles  S.E.  of 
Lille,  It  is  well  built,  and  has  oil-mills,  manufactories  of 
soap  and  leather,  and  a  trade  in  flax,  iron,  timber,  stone, 
hops,  and  cheese.     Pop.  3603. 

Avesnes  le  Comte  (l^h  kiNt),  a  town  of  France,  in 
Pas-de-Calais,  11  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Arras.     Pop.  1485. 

Avesnes-les-Aubert,  8, Vain'  liz  d^bain',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Nord,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cambrai.     Pop.  1485. 

Avessac,  iV5s*sik',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Loire-Inferieure,  4  miles  E.  of  St.  Nicolas.     Pop.  3430. 

Avestad,  or  Afvestad,  3,'vSs-tid\  a  small  town  of 
Sweden,  on  the  Dal,  35  miles  S.E.  of  Falun.     Pop.  800. 

Aveyron,  iViVdN»'  (ano.  Veronms  ?),  a  river  of  France, 
rises  in  Aveyron,  passes  into  Tarn-et-Garonne,  and  joina 
the  Tarn  7  miles  N.W.  of  Montauban.     Length,  90  miles. 

Aveyron,  a  department  of  France,  surrounded  by  the 
departments  of  Cantal,  Lozere,  Gard,  Ilerault,  Tarn,  Tarn- 
et-Garonne,  and  Lot.  Capital,  Rodez.  Area,  3340  square 
miles.  Pop.  in  1886,  415,826.  It  is  one  of  the  most  moun- 
tainous departments  in  France.  The  principal  rivers  are 
the  Lot,  the  Truyere,  and  the  Viaur,  I'arn,  and  Aveyron. 
The  soil  is  not  very  fertile,  and  the  climate  is  often  severe. 
Many  cattle  and  sheep  are  reared,  and  the  celebrated  Roque- 
fort cheese  forms  an  important  article  of  export.  The  eoal- 
and  iron-mines  here  are  among  the  most  important  in  Franco. 
Manufactures  principally  of  metallic  wares,  with  leather, 
woollen  stuff's,  hosiery,  gloves,  cotton  yarn,  and  paper.  The 
department  is  subdivided  into  the  arrondissements  of  Rodez, 
Espalion,  Millau,  Villefranohe,  and  Saint-Afirique. 


ATE 


600 


ATO 


ATezzano,  i-vit-s&'no,  a  town  of  Italj,  province  »nd 
S3  miles  S.  of  Aquila.  Pop.  5116.  It  ha4S  a  palace,  and 
■tend*  near  tlie  lately-drained  Fucine  Lake. 

Avianoy  Jl-v«-i'no,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  30  miles 
W.  of  UJine,  near  Monte  Carallo.     Pop.  6805. 

Aviemorey  fcv'e-mOr,  a  village  of  Scotland,  oo.  of 
Moray,  on  the  Spey,  25  niiles  S.E.  of  Inverness. 

Avigliana^  a-veol-y&'u&,  a  town  of  Italy,  14  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Turin.  It  hiis  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth 
and  silk  twivt.     Pop.  3541. 

AviglianOf  &-veel-y&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Potensa,  nutr  the  bifurcation  of  the  Apennines,  11  miles 
N.W.  of  Potenta.     Pop.  15,982. 

Avignon,  AVeen^yAn"'  (Sp.  jleifllon,  4-veen-yon' ;  It. 
Avii/Hone,  4-vecn-yo'ni ;  anc.  Aveiiio),  a  city  of  France, 
capital  of  the  department  of  Yaucluso,  situated  on  the 
Kbono,  here  crossed  by  a  suspension  bridge,  its  fine  old 
Btono  bridge  of  St.  Bonozet  being  now  impassable ;  403 
miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Paris,  and  53  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mar- 
seilles. Lat.  43°  67'  N. ;  Ion.  4°  48'  38"  E.  It  is  a  very 
ancient  city,  built  on  a  gently  undulating  surface,  and  sur- 
rounded by  lofty  walls  which  are  crowned  with  battlements 
flanked  with  square  towers  and  adorned  with  handsome 
gates.  Along  tne  ramparts  is  a  boulevard  planted  with 
elms,  from  the  lofty  platform  of  which,  particularly  from 
the  Doms, — a  rock  which  starts  up  abruptly  from  the  Rhone 
to  a  height  of  180  feet, — a  fine  view  is  obtained.  The  town 
is  well  built,  but  the  streets  are  narrow.  Avignon  is  the 
■eat  of  an  archbishop,  and  has  courts  of  primary  jurisdic- 
tion and  of  commerce,  a  college,  a  primary  normal  school, 
a  public  library  of  70,000  volumes,  an  athenaeum,  a  museum 
of  natural  history,  a  collection  of  pictures  and  antiquities, 
a  botanical  garden,  and  a  school  of  design.  Among  its 
charitable  institutions  are  an  asylum  for  the  aged,  an  orphan 
hospital,  and  a  lunatic  asylum. 

The  cathedral,  a  building  of  great  extent,  is  said  to  have 
been  founded  in  the  first  ages  of  Christianity,  on  the  ruins 
of  a  heathen  temple,  and,  after  its  destruction  by  the  bar- 
barians of  the  North,  was  re-built  by  Charlemagne.  The 
richly  sculptured  chapel  of  the  Resurrection  is  a  master- 
piece. Several  popes  ofiiciated  in  this  cathedral,  and  Inno- 
cent VI.,  Urban  V.,  and  Gregory  XI.  were  consecrated  in 
it.  The  former  palace  of  the  popes,  now  used  as  a  barrack, 
is  a  vast  irregular  Gothic  structure,  built  at  different  periods, 
with  strong  towers,  some  of  them  150  feet  high.  The  church 
of  the  Cordeliers  and  the  tomb  of  Petrarch's  Laura  were 
destroyed  at  the  revolution. 

The  silk-manufacture  and  the  preparation  of  madder  are 
leading  industries.  The  city  has  also  manufactures  of  vel- 
vet, woollen  and  cotton  goods,  chemicals,  dyes,  matches, 
machinery,  iron,  paper,  <fee.,  and  a  trade  in  wine,  brandy, 
grain,  and  other  articles.    Steamers  ply  to  Lyons  and  Aries. 

Avignon  is  at  the  junction  of  several  railways.  It  is 
supposed  to  have  been  founded  by  the  Greeks,  who  settled 
at  Massilia,  now  Marseilles.  After  the  Romans  it  passed 
under  the  domination  of  Goths  and  other  Northern  barba- 
rians. In  730  it  was  taken  by  Saracens,  who  possessed  it 
till  737.  After  a  variety  of  fortunes,  during  which  it  passed 
to  the  Counts  of  Provence,  it  was  sold  in  1348  to  Clement 
VI.  From  that  time  Avignon  continued  to  be  possessed  for 
more  than  four  centuries  by  the  popes,  of  whom  not  fewer 
than  seven  reigned  in  it,  besides  three  others,  generally  re- 
garded as  antipopcs,  who,  on  the  deposition  of  Gregory  XI., 
the  last  of  the  seven,  set  up  their  throne  here,  and  main- 
tained it  for  40  years.  It  was  governed  by  the  popes  until 
1791.     Pop.  in  1876,  38,008;  in  1886,  41,007. 

Avignonet,  iVeen^yo'ni',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute- 
Garonne,  23  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Toulouse.     Pop.  2048. 

Avila,  &'ve-l&  (anc.  Obila),  an  episcopal  city  of  Spain, 
in  Old  Castile,  capital  of  the  province  of  the  same  name,  on 
the  Adaja,  and  on  a  railway,  53  miles  N.W.  of  Madrid. 
It  has  a  cathedral,  and  manufactories  of  woollen  and  cotton 
fabrics,  2  fine  convents,  and  a  seminary.     Pop.  6125. 

Avila,  a  province  of  Spain,  the  S.  part  of  the  former 
province  of  Old  Castile.  Area,  2982  square  miles.  Pop. 
(1870)  175,219.  Level  in  the  N.,  but  mountainous  in  the 
centre  and  S.  Principal  rivers,  Adaja,  Alberete,  and  Tormes. 
Chief  industrv,  cattle-rearing.   Chief  exports,  wool  and  pork. 

AvileS)  a-ve-16s'  (L.  Flavionaria),  a  seaport  town  of 
Spain,  in  Asturias,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Oviedo,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  chief  branch  of  the  Aviles.     Pop.  3297. 

Avil'la,  a  post-village  of  Noble  co.,  Ind.,  in  Allen  town- 
ship, on  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  the  Baltimore  &,  Ohio  Railroad,  22  miles  N.  by  W. 
from  Fort  Wayne,  and  9  miles  W.  of  Auburn.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  graded  school,  tile  and  brick  manufactory,  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1880,  446;  in  1890,  576. 


Avilla,  a  post-village  of  Jasper  co..  Mo.,  about  12  milei 
E.N.E.  of  Carthage.     It  has  3  churches. 

Av'inger,  formerly  Hickory  llillt  a  post-village  of 
Cass  CO.,  Tex.,  15  miles  by  ruil  N.W.  of  Jefl'erson.  Ii  hoi 
8  churches,  a  steam  mill,  and  several  stores. 

Aviftun,  the  Spanish  for  Aviqnon. 

Avintes,  &-veen-tds',  a  town  of  Portugal,  near  the  right 
bank  of  the  Douro,  forming  a  suburb  of  Oporto.    Pop.  3'J92. 

AviOf  4'vo-o,  a  town  of  Tyrol,  14  miles  by  rail  S.S.W. 
of  Rovcredo,  on  the  Adige.     Pop.  3183. 

Avisio,  i-vce'se-o,  or  Lavis,  li-vees',  a  river  of  the 
Tyrol,  rises  in  the  glaciers  of  the  Marmoluda,  flows  through 
the  valleys  of  Fassa,  Fiemme,  and  Cembra,  and  fiiuilly 
reaches  the  Adige  at  Lavis.  Length,  60  miles.  Its  course 
is  in  one  of  the  grandest  mountain-regions  of  the  Alps. 

Aviston,  {.'vls-t^n,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  III., 
on  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  34  miles  E.  of  St.  Louis. 
It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  a  drug-store,  and  several  gen- 
eral stores.     Pop.  about  400. 

Aviz,  i-vecE'  (anc.  Aviiivm  t),  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
Alemtejo,  on  the  river  Aviz,  27  miles  S.W.  of  Portalcgro. 
Pop.  1256.     It  gives  name  to  the  order  of  knights  of  Aviz. 

Avize,  A.Veez',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Jlarne, 
6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Epernay.  It  is  an  entrepot  for  champagne 
wines,  which  are  stored  here  in  vast  caves.     Pop.  1992. 

Avlona,  &v-lo'ni,  or  Valona,  vi-lo'n&  (anc.  Aulona),  a 
town  and  seaport  of  Albania,  on  the  Gulf  of  Avlona,  in  the 
Adriatic,  33  miles  S.W.  of  Berat.  Lat.  of  fort,  40°  27'  5"  N. ; 
Ion.  19°  26'  6"  E.  Pop.  about  6000,  comprising  Christians, 
Turks,  and  Jews.  Its  harbor,  which  is  the  best  on  the  Al- 
banian coast,  is  defended  by  Cape  Linguetta  on  the  S.W., 
and  by  the  small  island  of  Sasscno  on  the  N.W. 

Avoca,  &-vo'ka,  or  Ovo'ca,  a  river  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Wicklow,  enters  the  Irish  Sea  near  Arklow. 

Avo'ca,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ala.,  about  22 
miles  S.E.  of  Florence. 

Avoca,  a  post-village  of  Benton  co..  Ark.,  29  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Fayetteville.     Pop.  100. 

Avoca,  a  township  of  Livingston  co..  111.,  traversed  by 
the  Wabash  Railroad.     Pop.  825. 

Avoca,  a  post-bumlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.,  in  Mar- 
shall township,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Bedford.    It  bus  a  church. 

Avoca,  a  post-town  of  Pottawattamie  co.,  Iowa,  40 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Council  Bluffs.  It  has  5  churches,  a 
bank,  a  foundry,  a  flour-mill,  water-works,  and  2  newspaper 
ofiices.     Pop.  1700. 

Avoca,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Kansas,  16  miles 
W.  by  S.  from  Holton. 

Avoca,  a  post-village  of  Murray  co.,  Minn.,  32  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Pipestone.  It  has  2  churches,  a  convent,  a 
ladies'  boarding-school,  and  a  newspaper  ofBce.     Pop.  250. 

Avoca,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  Neb.,  16  miles  by  rail 
S.  of  Louisville.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  graded  schools, 
and  a  newspaper  oflice.     Pop.  300. 

Avoca,  a  post- village  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Con- 
hocton  River,  8  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Bath.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  chair-, 
wheel-,  shoe-,  and  broom-factories,  <fec.     Pop.  953. 

Avoca,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bertie  co.,  N.C.,  10  miles  S.W. 
of  Edenton. 

Avoca  (Pleasant  Valley  Station),  a  mining  post-borough 
of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  at  the  junction  of  the  Lackawanna  and 
Wyoming  Valleys,  8  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Scranton,  and  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Wilkesbarre.  It  has  4  churches  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  in  1880,  1913;  in  1890,  3031. 

Avoca,  a  post-village  of  Iowa  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul  Railroad,  48  miles  W.  by  N.  from 
Madison,  and  about  1  mile  S.  of  the  Wisconsin  River.  It 
has  3  churches  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  418. 

Avoch,  i'vfiK,  Avach,  i'viK,  or  Auach,  i'w^K,  a 
village  and  parish  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ross.     Poj).  1114. 

Avola,  i-vo'li,  a  seaport  town  of  Sicily,  13  miles  S.W. 
of  Syracuse,  Pop.  11,912.  It  has  a  tunny-fishery,  a  re- 
finery of  home-grown  sugar,  and  an  active  trade  in  corn, 
cattle,  oil,  and  fruits.  It  was  built  after  the  earthquake  of 
1693,  which  destroyed  the  ancient  Avola. 

Avon,  3,H-6n»',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine-et-Marne, 
2  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Fontainebleau.     Pop.  1323. 

Avon,  i'v9n,  two  rivers  of  Wales,  one  in  Monmouth 
CO.,  the  other  in  Glamorgan  co.,  both  falling  into  Swansea 
Bay.  Several  Scotch  rivers  of  the  same  name  are  affluents 
of  the  Clyde,  Spey,  and  Annan,  and  one  joins  the  Forth  2 
miles  W.  of  Borrowstounness. 

Avon,  or  Hampshire  Avon,  a  river  of  England, 
rises  near  Devizes,  flows  southward  through  Wilts  and 
Hants,  and  enters  the  English  Channel.     Length,  65  miles. 

Avon,  or  Lower  Avon,  a  river  of  England,  rises  near 


A.VO 


661 


AXB 


Tetbury,  flows  W.  through  the  counties  of  Gloucester,  AVilts, 
and  Somerset,  and  enters  the  Bristol  Channel  7  miles  N.W. 
of  Bristol.  Length,  80  miles.  It  is  connected  with  the 
Thames  by  the  Kennet  &  Avon  Canal. 

Avon,  or  Upper  Avon,  a  river  in  England,  rises  at 
Avon-well,  near  Naseby,  county  of  Northampton,  flows  mostly 
B.AV.  through  the  counties  of  Leicester,  Warwick,  and  Wor- 
cester, past  Stratford  and  Evesham,  and,  after  a  course  of 
nearly  100  miles,  joins  the  Severn  at  Tewkesbury.  Its 
affluents  arc  the  Alne,  Leame,  Stour,  and  Swift. 

A'von,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hartford  co.,  Conn.,  in  Avon 
I  township,  on  the  Farmington  River,  and  on  the  New  Haven 
;  &  Northampton  Railroad,  .37  miles  N.  of  New  Haven,  and  9 
1  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Hartford.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  987. 

,  Avon,  a  post-village  of  Fulton  co..  111.,  in  Union  town- 
;  ship,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  20 
.  niiles  S.  of  Galesburg,  and  79  miles  N.E.  of  Quincy.  It 
has  a  bank,  5  churches,  a  union  school,  and  a  wagon-fac- 
I  tory.     Pop.  about  1100. 

Avon,  a  township  of  Lake  co.,  IlL     Pop.  1005. 
1     Avon  (local  pron.  av'on),  a  small  post-village  of  Hen- 
dricks CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Indianapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railroad, 
:  12  miles  W.  of  Indianapolis.     It  has  a  church. 

Avon,  a  post-bamlet  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa,  near  the  Des 
Moines  River,  about  6  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Dea  Moines 
City.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Avon,  a  post-town  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  5  miles  N.  of 
Brocton.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  boots 
and  shoes.     Pop.  in  1890,  1384. 

Avon,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Me.,  15  miles  N.W. 
of  Farmington.     Pop.  610. 

Avon,  a  township  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1856. 

Avon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stearns  co.,  Minn.,  in  Avon 
township,  on  the  St.  Paul  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  Northern 
Line,  90  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  a  church,  and  a 
manufixctory  of  staves  and  heading.  Here  are  several  lakes. 
Pop.  of  Avon  township,  319. 

Avon,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Genevieve  co.,  Mo.,  about  65 
miles  S.  of  St.  Louis.     It  has  a  church. 

Avon,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co..  Neb.,  8  miles  from 
Central  City. 

Avon,  a  post-village  and  fashionable  resort  of  Living- 
Eton  CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Avon  township,  on  the  right  or  east  bank  of 
the  Genesee  River,  and  on  the  Rochester  division  of  the  Erie 
Railroad,  19  miles  S.  of  Rochester.  It  is  24  miles  E.  by  S. 
from  Batavia,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  the  Attica 
Branch  Railroad.  It  is  situated  on  a  terrace  about  100 
feet  higher  than  the  river,  and  commands  a  beautiful  view. 
Here  are  mineral  springs,  which  are  visited  by  many  in- 
valids in  summer.  The  Dansville  &  Mount  Morris  Railroad 
pstends  from  this  place  southward  to  Dansville.  Avon  has 
several  good  hotels.  Pop.  900  ;  of  the  township,  3038.  The 
township  has  6  churches,  a  foundry,  and  2  planing-mills. 

Avon,  a  post-village  of  Lorain  co.,  0.,  in  Avon  town- 
ship, about  18  miles  W.  of  Cleveland.  It  has  a  grist-mill 
and  several  general  stores.  Pop.  about  500.  The  township 
is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake  Erie.  Pop.  1924.  It  con- 
tains a  village  named  French  Creek. 

Avon,  a  post-village  of  Lebanon  co..  Pa.,  2  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Lebanon.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam  grist-mill,  2 
warehouses  for  grain,  and  34  dwellings. 

Avon,  a  post-village  of  Nelson  co.,  Va.,  4  miles  from 
Afton  Railroad  Station,  which  is  16  miles  S.E.  of  Staunton. 
It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Avon,  a  post-town  of  Skagit  co..  Wash.,  on  the  Seattle 
A  Northern  Railroad,  about  40  miles  N.  of  Seattle.  It  has 
a  church,  a  graded  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.    Pop.  300. 

Avon,  a  post-village  of  Rock  co.,  Wis.,  in  Avon  town- 
ship, on  Sugar  River,  about  16  miles  W.  of  Beloit.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Avon,  a  beautiful  river  of  Nova  Scotia,  rises  in  Avon 
Lake,  and  runs  N.N.E.  into  the  Minas  Basin. 

Avon,  i'v^n,  a  river  in  Western  Australia,  Swan  River 
Colony,  has  a  N.W.  course  through  the  counties  of  Grant- 
ham and  York,  and  joins  the  Swan  River  at  Northam. 

Avon  by  the  Sea,  a  post-borough  and  summer  resort 
of  Monmouth  co.,  Jj.J.,  about  8  miles  S.  of  Long  Branch. 
It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  about  500. 

Avondale,  lv'9n-dal,  a  parish  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Lan- 
ark, containing  Strathaven,  4  miles  W.  of  which  the  battle 
of  Drumclog  was  fought  June  1,  1679, 

Av'ondale,  an  incorporated  town  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ala., 
li  miles  from  Birmingham.  It  has  2  churches,  and  numer- 
ous manufactories  of* iron  products.     Pop.  about  3000. 

Avondale,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Western  Maryland  Railroad,  3  miles  W.  of  Westminster. 


Avondale,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  N.J.,  in  Frank- 
lin township,  on  the  Paterson,  Newark  &  New  York  Branch 
of  the  Erie  Railroad,  3i  miles  N.  of  Newark.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  stone-quarry. 

Avondale,  formerly  Boyd's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet 
and  staUon  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.,  in  White  Eyes  township. 
It  has  a  church. 

Avondale,  a  village  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  and  a  suburb 
of  Cincinnati,  in  Mill  Creek  township,  2  miles  from  Avon- 
dale  Railroad  Station,  and  about  3  miles  from  the  centre  of 
the  city.  It  has  5  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  many  fine 
residences.     Incorporated  in  1864. 

Avondale,  a  station  in  Licking  co.,  0.,  on  the  Newark 
&  Somerset  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Newark;  also  on  the 
Licking  Summit  Reservoir,  and  on  True  Lovers'  Lake.  It 
is  a  pleasant  summer  resort.     It  has  a  hotel  and  a  church. 

Avondale,  a  post-village  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  &  Delaware  Railroad  where  it  ci'osses  the 
Philadelphia  &  Baltimore  Central  Railroad,  40  miles  W.S.W, 
of  Philadelphia.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  and  a  graded 
school,  a  bank,  a  foundry  and  machine-shop,  a  cheese- 
factory,  and  a  coach-factory.     Pop.  about  500. 

Avondale,  Luzerne  co..  Pa.    See  Grand  Tun.vel. 

Avondale,  a  post-village  in  Pictou  co..  Nova  Scotia, 
on  the  proposed  New  Glasgow  &  Louisburg  Railway,  20 
miles  from  New  Glasgow.     Pop.  157. 

Avondale,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Newport  Landing. 

Avon  Isles,  two  islands  on  Bampton  Reef,  between  Aus- 
tralia and  New  Caledonia.    Lat.  19°  31'  S. ;  Ion.  158°  10'  E. 

Avon  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Lorain  co.,  0.,  on  Lake 
Erie,  about  14  miles  W.  of  Cleveland. 

Avon  Lake,  a  pretty  sheet  of  water  in  Lunenburg  co., 
Nova  Scotia,  gives  rise  to  the  Avon  River. 

Av'onniore%  a  post-village  in  Stormont  co.,  Ontario, 
18  miles  from  Cornwall.     Pop.  100. 

Av'onport,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on 
the  Avon  River,  and  on  the  Windsor  &  Annapolis  Railway, 
57  miles  from  Ilalifax.     Pop.  200. 

Avon  Springs,  New  York.    See  Avon. 

Avon  Station,  Iowa.    See  Avon. 

Av'onville,  a  village  in  Cumberland  co..  Nova  Scotia, 
on  Wallace  River,  12  miles  from  Wentworth.  It  has  a 
church,  several  stores,  and  saw-  and  grist-mills.     Pop.  200. 

Avoyelles,  av-oi-elz',  vulgarly,  a-vl'?l,  a  parish  of 
Louisiana,  has  an  area  of  about  800  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  Red  River,  which  also  forms  part  of  its  N. 
boundary.  It  is  partly  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Atcha- 
falaya  Bayou.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  so  low 
that  it  is  subject  to  inundation.  The  soil  is  alluvial  and 
fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products. 
Capital,  Marksville.  The  Southern  Pacific  Railroad  trav- 
erses the  S.W.  portion  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870, 12,926  j 
in  1880,  16,747;  in  1890,  25,112. 

Avranches,  ivVfiNsh'  (L.  Abran'cm),  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  Manche,  near  the  See,  32  miles  S.W.  of  St. 
L6.  In  the  ruins  of  its  cathedral  is  preserved  the  stone  on 
which  Henry  II.  of  England  knelt  to  receive  absolution 
for  the  murder  of  Becket.  It  has  manufactures  of  lace,  a 
salmon-fishery,  and  a  public  library.  This  city  was  taken 
and  razed  by  the  Bretons  in  1203.  In  the  fourteenth  cen- 
tury it  fell  into  the  power  of  the  English,  who  kept  it  till 
1450.  In  1562  the  Protestants  were  here  defeated  by  the 
Catholic  party.     Pop.  8137. 

Avranchin,  S.vV6N"^8h3,N"'  {Abrieati'nus  Pa'gns  t),  an 
ancient  district  of  France,  now  comprised  in  the  department 
of  Manche. 

Awa,  towns  of  Japan.    See  AvA. 

Awa^j,  a  river  of  Syria.     See  Barrada. 

A'walt,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Tenn.,  8  milei 
from  Estill  Springs. 

Awar,  an  island  in  the  China  Sea.    See  Aok. 

Awasi,  or  Awadsi,  Japan.    See  Avasi. 

Awatchinskaya.    See  Avachinskaya. 

Awatska,  Kamchatka.    See  Avacha. 

Aw'righa,  or  Ou'raghen,  a  powerful  tribe  of  the 
Tuaricks  (Tawarek)  of  the  Sahara;  their  name,  written 
Afarik  by  some  Arabian  writers,  is  thought  by  many  to  be 
the  original  of  the  name  Africa,  or  at  least  to  be  closely 
allied  therewith. 

Ax,  a  town  of  France.    See  Dax. 

Ax,  8,ks,  a  town  of  France,  deparment  of  Ariege,  21  miles 
S.E.  of  Foix,  on  the  Ari6ge,  has  thermal  springs.    Pop.  1 693, 

Ax'bridge,  a  municipal  town  and  parish  of  England, 
CO.  of  Somerset,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Wells.     Pop.  830. 

Axe,  ax,  a  small  river  of  England,  co.  of  Devon,  passes 
Axminster,  and  enters  the  English  Channel  near  Colyton. 

Axel,  4x'fl,  a  fortified  town  of  the  Netherlands,  prov- 


AXII 


502 


AYR 


Ince  of  Zealand,  on  an  island  in  the  Scheldt,  and  on  a  rail- 
way, 22  miles  W.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  2668. 

Axholme  (aks'&lm)  Isle,  England,  oo.  of  Lincoln,  in 
Its  N.W.  part,  is  foriuod  by  the  rivers  Trent,  Don,  and  Idle. 

Axiacaf  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Ochakov. 

Axim,  i'shoeng'  or  ix'ini',  a  town  of  Africa,  on  the 
Guinea  Coast,  73  miles  W.  of  Cape  Coast  Castle.  Lat.  44° 
62'  N. ;  Ion.  2°  14'  W.  Axim  woa  talten  from  the  Portu- 
guese in  1642,  and  confirmed  to  the  Netherlands  by  the 
treaty  of  Westphalia;  in  1873  it  was  ceded  to  the  English. 
Pon.  750. 

Axiina,  an  ancient  name  of  Aiue-la-COte. 

Axiopolis,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  UalATS. 

AxiiiS)  the  ancient  name  of  the  VARDAn. 

Ax'Icy,  a  township  of  Johnson  CO.,  111.  Pop.  1199.  It 
Includes  Belknap. 

Ax'minster^  a  market-town  and  parish  of  England, 
CO.  of  Devon,  on  the  A.\o,  and  on  a  railway,  24  miles  E.  by 
N.  of  Exeter.  Pop.  2861.  Its  church  or  minster  was 
founded  by  King  Athelstan,  in  memory  of  a  battle  fought 
with  the  Danes  in  the  vicinity.  Axminstor  wos  formerly 
noted  fur  its  oarpet-manufncturo.  It  produces  small  quan- 
tities of  woollen  cloths  and  gloves. 

Axonn*  the  ancient  name  of  AisxR. 

Axoom,  Axouni)  or  Axum,  &k^soom',  written  also 
Aksum  (Gr.  Av(ouVi),  Auromni,  'AfouV«,  Axoumis,  or 
'AfJtiia,  Axoma),  an  ancient  and  decayed  town  of  Abyssinia, 
state  of  Tigr6,  85  miles  N.W.  of  Antolo.  Pop.  about  3000. 
It  has  a  Christian  church,  in  which  the  chronicles  of  Axoom 

are  kept. Adj.  Axumitic  or  Axoomitic,  ax-oo-mit'ik ; 

inhab.  Axumite,  ax'oom'ite. 

Ax'tell)  a  post-town  of  Marshall  co.,  Kansas,  24  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Marysville.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  a 
creamery,  Ac.     Pop.  643. 

Axtell)  a  post- village  of  Kearney  co.,  Neb.,  41  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Hastings.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  u  graded 
school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  300. 

Ay,  or  Ai,  i,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Marne, 
near  the  Marne,  14  miles  S.  of  Reims.     Pop.  4149. 

Ayacucho,  i-i-koo'cho,  a  department  of  South  Peru, 
mostly  between  lat.  12°  and  16°  S.  and  Ion.  72°  and  76°  W., 
having  the  department  of  Junin  on  the  N.,  Cuzco  on  the 
E.,  and  the  Andes  on  the  S.  and  W.,  shutting  it  off  from 
the  department  of  Lima.  Area,  24,213  square  miles.  Chief 
rivers,  the  Apurimac  and  its  tributaries,  the  Urubamba, 
Pampas,  and  Mantaro.  Principal  towns,  Ayacucho  and 
Anta.     Pop.  142,205. 

Ayacucho,  formerly  Huainanga,or  Gnamanga, 
hwi-min'gS,,  a  town  of  Peru,  capital  of  the  above  depart- 
ment, 140  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cuzco.  It  has  a  university,  a 
Catholic  bishop,  a  priests'  seminary,  a  hospital,  and  a  trade 
in  cochineal.  Pop.  20,000.  The  name  was  changed  to 
Ayacucho  to  commemorate  the  great  victory  of  December  9, 
1824,  which  was  gained  at  a  small  place  named  Ayacucho 
and  broke  the  power  of  Spain  in  South  America. 

Ayamonte,  i-i-mon'ti,  a  seaport  town  of  Spain,  80 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Seville,  on  the  Quadiana,  near  its  mouth, 
which  here  forms  the  boundary  between  Spain  and  Por- 
tugal. It  has  3  public  squares,  2  churches,  a  town  house, 
a  well-endowed  hospital,  and  a  prison.     Pop.  5972. 

Ayasoolook,  I-&-soo-look',  written  also  Ayasalonk 
and  Ajasaiuk,  i-1-si-look',  a  village  of  Asia  Minor,  on 
the  site  of  the  ancient  Ephesus.    See  Ephesus. 

Aybar,  i-baii',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre,  35  miles 
S.E.  of  Pamplona,  on  the  Aragon.     Pop.  1024. 

Aydelott,  u'd^-lot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benton  co.,  Ind., 
8  miles  from  Templeton. 

Ayer,  air,  or  Ayer  Junction,  a  post-village  of  Mid- 
dlesex CO.,  Mass.,  in  Ayer  township,  near  the  Nashua  River, 
and  on  the  Worcester  &  Nashua  Railroad  where  it  crosses 
the  Fitchburg  Railroad.  35  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Boston,  and 
15  miles  S.W.  of  Lowell,  at  the  junction  of  the  Stony 
Brook  and  Peterborough  A  Shirley  Railroads.  Ayer  has  6 
churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  and  a  graded 
iichool,  an  iron-foundry,  and  manufactures  of  carriages, 
farming-implements,  leather,  lumber,  Ac.  The  name  of  its 
post-office  is  Ayer.     Pop.  in  1880,  1881  ;  in  1890,  2148. 

Ayerbe  y  Aldcas,  i-fin'bi  e  il-di'is,  a  town  of  Spain, 
in  Anigon,  2  miles  N.W.  of  Huesca.     Pop.  2006. 

Ayer's  (airz) Flat, apost- village, Stanstead co., Quebec 
18  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  from  Lennoxville.     Pop.  200. 

Ayer's  (airz)  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Potter  co..  Pa. 

Aycr*s  Village,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  is  a 
part  of  the  city  of  Haverhill,  and  is  4J  miles  AV.  of  Haver- 
nill  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  public  hall,  1  church,  and 
about  50  dwellings. 

Ayersville,  airz'vll,  a  post-office  of  Habersham  oo., 


Qa.,  on  the  Atlanta  A  Richmond  Air-Line  Railroad,  86 
miles  N.E.  of  Atlanta. 

Ayersville,  a  post-hamlot  of  Putnam  co..  Mo.,  about 
60  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Chillicotho.     It  has  a  church. 

Ayersville,  a  post-office  of  Stokes  co.,  N.C. 

Ayersville,  a  ]>ost-hamlet  of  Defiance  co.,  0.,  5  niilet 
S.E.  of  Defiance.     It  has  a  church. 

Aygacha,  i-g&'chil,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  on  Lake  Titicaoa, 
60  miles  by  rail  W.  of  La  Paz. 

Aylesbury,  ailz'b^r-o  (Sax.  Aegletberg),  a  parliament- 
ary borough  and  town  of  England,  capital  of  the  county  of 
Bucks,  38  miles  from  London  by  the  London  A  Birming- 
ham Railway  and  Branch.  Pop.  28,700.  The  town,  nitu- 
ated  in  the  rich  tract  called  the  Vale  of  Aylesbury,  is  noted 
for  the  ducks  reared  here,  and  for  its  lace  and  straw-work. 
Aylesbury  returns  2  members  to  Parliament. 

Aylesford,  ailz'f9rd,  a  parish,  railway  station,  and  vil- 
lage of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  32  miles  from  London.  The 
cromlech  called  Kitscoity-houso,  now  destroyed,  was  sup- 
posed to  mark  the  burial-place  of  Catigorn,  who,  with  his 
opponent  Horsa,  was  killed  here  in  the  third  recorded  but- 
tle between  the  Britons  and  Saxons,  a.D.  455.     Pop.  2100. 

Aylesford,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co..  Nova  Scotia, on 
a  railway,  87  miles  from  Halifax.  It  has  1 0  stores.  Pop.  200. 

Aylcsworth,  ailz'w9rth,  a  station  in  Porter  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Columbus  A  Indiana  Central  Railroad,  9  miles  N.W. 
of  La  Crosse. 

Aylett's,  a'lCts,  a  post-village  of  King  William  co., 
Va.,  on  the  Mattapony  River,  about  26  miles  N.E.  of  Rich- 
mond.   It  has  a  church,  a  machine-shop,  a  mill,  and  4  stores. 

Aylmer,  al'm^r,  a  lake  of  the  North-Wcst  Territories, 
Canada,  near  Clinton-Colden  Lake,  80  miles  N.  of  the  N.E. 
extremity  of  the  Great  Slave  Lake.  It  is  50  miles  in 
length  and  30  in  breadth. 

Aylmer,  or  East  Aylmcr,  a  post-town  in  Ottawa 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  Chaudicre  Lake,  8  miles  above  Ottawa  City. 
It  is  the  capital  of  the  county  and  district  of  Ottawa,  and 
contains  several  large  lumbering  establishments,  and  4 
churches.  The  steamers  running  on  the  Upper  Ottawa 
start  from  Aylmer.     Pop.  1660. 

Aylmer,  or  West  Aylmer,  a  post-village  in  Elgin 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  a  railway,  64  miles  from  Canfield.  It  con- 
tains 5  churches,  3  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  large  packing 
establishments,  Ac.     Pop.  about  2500. 

Aylsham,  ail'sham,  a  market-town  and  parish  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  Norfolk,  12  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Norwich.  Pop. 
of  town,  2346. 

Aylwin,  ail'win,  a  post-village  in  Ottawa  co.,  Quebec, 
on  the  Gatineau  River,  60  miles  from  Ottawa.     Pop.  150. 

Aymara,  i-m&-rfl,',  one  of  the  great  tribes  of  Peruvian 
Indians,  a  sister  tribe  of  the  Quichua  stock ;  at  present 
probably  much  reduced  in  numbers,  though  estimated  to 
exceed  150,000  of  pure  blood;  found  in  Peru  and  Bolivia. 

Aymaraez,  a  province  of  Peru.     See  Aimaiiaez. 

Ayme,  a  village  of  France.     See  Aime-la-C6te. 

Ayodliya,  the  native  name  of  Ocde. 

Ayopaya,  i-o-pl'i,  a  province  of  Bolivia,  department 
of  Cochabamba,  on  the  N.  slope  of  the  Eastern  Andes,  in 
the  Beni  Valley.  It  is  fertile,  and  affords  gold,  but  ia 
scantily  peopled.     Capital,  Indcpendencia.     Pop.  26.179. 

Ayora,  i-o'r4,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  62  mild 
S.W.  of  Valencia.     Pop.  4825. 

Ayotitan,  i-o-te-tin',  a  village  of  Mexico,  in  Jalisco, 
120  miles  S.S.W.  of  Guadalajara. 

Ayotia,  i-ot'lfl,,  a  town  of  Mexico,  20  miles  E.  of  the 
city  of  Mexico. 

Ayr,  air  (anc.  Vidogara),  a  river  of  Scotland,  rises  on  the 
border  of  Lanarkshire,  traverses  the  co.  of  Ayr,  and  enters 
the  sea  at  Ayr.     Length,  33  miles. 

Ayr,  or  Ayrshire,  air'shir,  a  maritime  county  of  Scot- 
land, having  on  the  W.  the  Firth  of  Clyde,  and  landward 
the  counties  of  Renfrew,  Lanark,  Dumfries,  Kirkcudbii<,'ht, 
and  Wigton.  Area,  1149  square  miles.  Pop.  200,809.  Sur- 
face in  the  E.  and  S.E.  mountainous;  elsewhere  hilly;  and 
along  the  coast,  especially  in  the  N.,  there  is  a  good  deal  of 
fertile  land.  Oats,  wheat,  potatoes,  cheese,  and  turni|is  ivre 
leading  products.  There  are  extensive  iron-works,  and  large 
quantities  of  coal  are  raised  and  exported  from  Ayr,  Troon, 
and  other  ports.  The  woollen-,  cotton-,  and  flax-mills  are 
of  great  importance;  chemicals,  machinery,  and  copper  are 
also  manufactured.  Ayrshire  returns  one  member  to  Par- 
liament.    The  county  gives  name  to  a  fine  breed  of  cows. 

Ayr,  a  parliamentary  borough,  seaport  town,  and  parish 
of  Scotland,  capital  of  the  above  county,  on  the  Ayr,  40  niilcj 
by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Glasgow.  Lat.  of  light-house,  55°  28'  17" 
N. ;  Ion.  4°  38'  26"  W.  Pop.  in  1891,  23,835.  The  town,  of 
late  years,  is  much  improved.    The  chief  edifices  are  a  good 


AYR 


563 


AZO 


county  hall,  a  town  house,  assembly-rooms,  &o. ;  &  Gothic 
building,  113  feet  high,  ornamented  with  a  statue  of  Wal- 
lace; an  arcade;  the  mechanics' institute;  a  theatre;  and  2 
bridges  across  the  Ayr  llivor, — celebrated  by  Burns.  The 
harbor,  formed  by  the  mouth  of  the  Ayr  and  two  piers,  has 
been  greatly  improved.  Ayr  is  the  terminus  of  several  rail- 
ways. It  has  an  e.Ytensi  ve  general  trade,  rope- works,  saw- 
mills, manufactures  of  woven  goods,  carpets,  blankets,  leather, 
several  banks,  and  exports  of  coal  and  iron.  It  is  a  place  of 
fashionable  resort,  and  S.  of  the  town  is  a  race-course  of 
SO  acres.  Alloway  Kirk  and  Burns's  monument  are  within 
lit  miles  of  Ayr,  on  the  S.  It  unites  with  Campbeltown,  In- 
rerary,  Irvine,  and  Oban  to  send  one  member  to  the  House 
of  Commons. 

Ayr,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co.,  Neb.,  II  miles  by  rail 
S.  of  Hastings.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  250. 

Ayr,  a  township  of  Fulton  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1247. 

Ayr,  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  co.,  Ontario,  at  the  con- 
fluence of  Smith's  Creek  (or  river  Nith)  and  Cedar  Creek, 
7  miles  from  Paris.  It  is  a  grain  and  lumber  market,  and 
contains  an  iron-foundry,  woollen  factory,  flouring-mills, 
»  branch  bank,  hotels,  and  churches.     Pop.  IHOO. 

AyrSo,  i-rowNo',  a  market-town  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Pard,  110  miles  N.W.  of  Rio  Negro. 

Ayrshire,  a  county  of  Scotland.     See  Avn. 

Ayrshire,  air'shir,  a  post-town  of  Palo  Alto  co.,  Iowa, 
130  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Des  Moines.    It  has  .3  churches. 

Aytoii,  i'tpn,  a  poft-village  in  Grey  co.,  Ontario,  14 
miles  from  Mount  Forest.     Pop.  150. 

Ayuthia,  i-yoo't'hee^i,  Yuthia,  or  Juthin,  yoo'- 
t'hee*^,  the  ancient  capital  of  Sinm,  on  an  island  in  the  river 
Menam,  54  miles  nbove  Bangkok,  in  lat.  14°  38'.  Pop. 
40,000,  including  Laotians,  Chinese,  Siamese,  and  Malays. 

Ayuthia,  a  form  of  Ayodha,  a  Sanskrit  name  for  Oude, 
and  for  the  fabled  country  of  the  god  Rama. 

Ayvvaille,  i-wil'l^h,  a  town  of  Belgium,  province  of 
Liege,  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Louvegnez.     Pop.  3300. 

Azafii,  a  town  of  Africa,    See  Saffee. 

Azalia,  a-za'le-a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bartholomew  CO., 
Ind.,  on  the  East  Fork  of  White  River,  about  40  miles  N.W. 
of  Madison.     It  has  2  churches. 

Azalia,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  26  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Toledo,  0.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  200, 

Azambuja,  i-zim-boo'zhi,  a  village  of  Portugal,  28 
miles  by  rail  N,E.  of  Lisbon.     Pop.  1980. 

Azambuxeira,  a,-z!lm-boo-shi'e-ri,  a  town  of  Portu- 
gal, in  Estremadura,  11  miles  W,  of  Santarem.     Pop.  392. 

Azamor,  3,-zi-mor',  or  Azemmour,  5,-zem-moor',  a 
seaport  town  of  Morocco,  122  miles  N.N.W.  of  Morocco,  on 
the  Atlantic,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Morbeya  (Umm-er- 
r'bieh),  which  forms  its  harbor,  8  miles  N.E,  of  Mazagan, 
Lat.  33°  17'  37"  N.;  Ion.  8°  15'  W,  Pop.  variously  esti- 
mated at  from  600  to  3000. 

Azangaro,  a  village  of  Peru.    See  Asangaro. 

Azani,  J,*zi'nee\  a  ruined  city  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the 
Ehyndacus,  73  miles  S.S.W.  of  Brusa.  Its  remains  com- 
prise a  fine  Ionic  temple  of  Jupiter,  a  theatre  232  feet  in 
diameter,  <fec.  A  village  of  about  60  houses  is  formed  of  a 
portion  of  its  ruins. 

Azaughal,  i-thow-g5,l',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estrema- 
dura, 24  miles  S.S.E.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  2890. 

Azay  le  Ferron,  k^zh'  l§h  f  5r^r6k»',  a  town  of  France, 
In  Indre,  29  miles  W.  of  Chateauroux.     Pop.  1980. 

Azay  le  Rideaii,  i'zA,'  l^h  ree'do',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Indre-et-Loire,  13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Tours.     Pop.  2108. 

Azay-sur-Cher,  i'zi'siiR-shain',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Indre-et-Loire,  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Tours.     Pop.  1250. 

Azcoytia,or  Azcoitia,  is-ko'e-te-5,,  a  town  of  Spain, 
in  Guipuzcoa,  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  San  Sebastian.    Pop.  1470. 

Azeg:lio,  M-zil'yo,  a  town  of  Italy,  5  miles  S.E,  of 
Ivrea.     Fine  wines  are  produced  here.     Pop.  2198. 

AzeitSo,  3,-zi-e-towx"',  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Estre- 
madura, 7  miles  W.  of  Setubal.     Pop.  2814. 

Azcm,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Ardrah. 

Azerbaijan,  Azcrbijan,  or  Azerbaidjan,  Iz-er- 
bl-jin',  written  also  Aderbaijan,  Adjerbeidjan,  and 
Adubitschan  (anc.  Me'dia  Atropate'ne),  tho  most  north- 
erly province  of  Persia,  between  lat.  36°  and  40°  N.  and  Ion. 
44°  and  48°  40'  E. ;  bounded  on  the  S.  by  Persian  Koordistan 
and  Irak,  on  tte  E.  by  Ghilan,  on  the  N.E.  and  N.  by  the 
Russian  dominions,  and  on  the  AV.  by  Turkish  Koordistan. 
Area  estimated  at  30,300  square  miles,  and  the  population 
at  2,000,000.  The  surface  is  mostly  mountainous,  many 
ranges  varying  from  7000  to  9000  feet  in  height;  it  contains 
the  mountains  of  Savalany  and  Ararat.  Its  valleys  are 
very  fertile,  yielding  wheat,  maize,  rice,  cotton,  hemp,  mad- 
der, tobacco,  and  saffron,  so  that  it  is  reckoned  one  of  the 


most  productive  portions  of  the  Persian  dominions.  The 
principal  rivers  are  the  Aras  (anc.  Arax'es),  forming  all 
its  N.  frontier,  and  the  Kara  Soo,  Lake  Ooroomeeyah  \a 
wholly  comprised  in  this  province.  The  chief  cities  are 
Tabreez,  Ooroomeeyah  (Oormiah),  Ardabeel,  and  Khoi. 

Aziak,  a,'ze-ak,  or  Sledge  Island,  an  abrujit  rocky 
island  of  Alaska,  lat.  64°  29'  N.,  Ion.  166°  1'  W.,  II  miles 
from  the  mainland.     It  is  inhabited  by  Esquimau.^. 

Azilie,  i^zeel'  or  i^zee'yQh,  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Aude,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Carcassonne.     Pop.  1860. 

Azimabad,  a  native  name  of  Pat.na. 

Az'imghur',  a  district  of  British  India,  in  the  North- 
west Provinces.  Area,  2494  square  miles.  Pop.  1,531,410. 
The  surface  is  generally  fertile ;  it  is  watered  by  the  Gog- 
gra,  Goomtee,  and  Ganges.  The  chief  products  are  sugar, 
indigo,  opium,  and  cotton  and  silk  goods. 

Azimghur,  the  capital  of  the  above  district,  province 
of  Allahabad,  on  the  Tons,  a  navigable  tributary  of  the 
Ganges,  about  75  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Benares.     Pop.  15,893. 

Azinigunge,or  Aziniganj,^V,im-gunj',a  large  town 
of  India,  in  Moorshedabad,  on  the  river  Bhagirathi,  nearly 
opposite  Moorshedabad,  is  the  E.  terminus  of  a  railway  to 
Nulhatty,  and  is  the  residence  of  many  merchants. 

Azincourt,  a  village  of  France.    See  Agi.ncourt. 

Azio,  S,d'ze-o,  a  district  and  promontory  of  Greece,  in 
Acarnania,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  Gulf  of  Arta,  supposed  to 
indicate  the  site  of  the  ancient  Actium. 

Azmcrigunge,  iz-m6r-e-gunj',  a  town  of  India,  in 
Sylhet,  on  the  Soormah,  a  tributary  of  the  Megna,  85  milea 
N.E.  of  Dacca. 

Az'of,  or  Az'ov  (Russ.  pron.  i-zov';  anc.  Tan'ais),  a 
town  and  fort  of  Russia,  in  a  detached  part  of  the  govern- 
ment of  Yekaterinoslav,  near  the  entrance  of  the  Don  into 
the  Gulf  of  Azof,  25  miles  E.  of  Taganrog. 

Az'of,  Az'oph,  or  Az'ov,  Sea  of  (Russian,  More 
Azovakoe,  mo-ri'  i-zov-sko'.\  ;  anc.  Pa'lus  Mieo'iiii),  a  body 
of  water  in  the  E.  part  of  Europe,  forming  the  northern 
subdivision  of  the  Black  Sea,  with  which  it  is  connected  by 
the  Strait  of  Yenikale  or  Kertch,  situated  between  the  par- 
allels of  45°  15'  and  47°  18'  N.  and  between  the  meridians 
of  35°  and  39°  E. ;  its  length  from  S.W.  to  N.E.  being 
about  200  miles,  its  average  breadth  about  80  miles,  and 
its  area  about  14,000  square  miles.  The  N.  coast  is  for  the 
most  part  bold  and  craggy ;  the  E.  coast,  inhabited  by  Cos- 
sacks, is  very  low ;  the  W.  coast  is  formed  by  the  tongue  of 
land  called  the  Arabat,  which  divides  it  from  the  Sivash  or 
Putrid  Sea;  while  the  Crimea  and  the  territory  of  the  Cos- 
sacks of  the  Black  Sea  form  the  S.  shore.  Its  greatest 
depth  between  Yenikale  and  Yalta  in  Yekaterinoslav,  on  the 
N.  side,  is  7|  fathoms,  and  it  diminishes  considerably  towards 
the  Gulf  of  Don.  Perhaps  no  body  of  water  of  equal  extent 
80  abounds  with  fish :  the  principal  fisheries  are  along  the 
S.  coast,  between  Cape  Dolgava  and  the  Strait  of  Yenikale; 
the  sturgeon,  sterlet,  and  other  fish  are  prepared  in  large 
quantities,  afibrding  both  caviare  and  isinglass.  The  ex- 
treme W.  part,  called  the  Putrid  Sea,  is  during  the  greater 
part  of  the  year  little  better  than  a  noxious  quagmire. 
The  Strait  of  Yenikale  is  about  11  miles  long  and  4  broad, 
though  the  navigable  channel  never  exceeds  1  mile  in 
breadth.  A  new  island  was  raised  in  the  Sea  of  Azof  in 
1814,  by  volcanic  eruption.  The  chief  towns  on  its  shores 
are  Taganrog,  Mariopol,  Kertch,  Berdiansk,  and  Yenikale. 

Azores,  az'ors  or  az-orz'  (Port.  Azores,  i-so'rfis;  Fr. 
Ilea  A<;orea,  eel'zi^soR' ;  Gcr.  Azonsche  Inseln,  ht-so'rish-^h 
i«'s?ln),  or  Western  Islands,  a  series  of  islands  in  the 
North  Atlantic  Ocean,  belonging  to  Portugal,  situated  be- 
tween lat.  36°  59'  and  39°  44'  N.  and  Ion.  31°  7'  and  25° 
10'  W.,  being  about  800  miles  from  the  coast  of  Portugal, 
They  are  9  in  number,  besides  several  islets,  and  arranged 
in  three  groups:  the  N.W,  group  is  composed  of  the  islands 
of  Flores  and  Corvo;  the  central  group,  about  114  miles 
S.E.  of  these,  consists  of  Terceira,  Sao  Jorge,  Pico,  Fayal, 
and  Graciosa;  and  the  third  group,  69  miles  S.E.  of  the 
central,  of  St.  Michael  and  St.  Mary.  St.  Michael  is  the 
largest  of  all  the  islands.  St.  Mary  is  distant  from  it  about 
45  milea.  The  Azores,  all  of  which  are  of  volcanic  origin, 
present  a  very  rugged  though  picturesque  aspect,  being 
lofty,  precipitous,  and  generally  of  a  conical  form.  The 
most  remarkable  of  these  summits  is  the  Peak  of  Pico,  which 
shoots  up  to  the  height  of  7613  feet.  Though  presenting  a 
very  unpromising  appearance  from  the  sea,  a  closer  inspec- 
tion discovers  these  islands  to  be  covered  with  vineyards, 
cornfields,  and  groves  of  lemon-  and  orange-trees.  The  cli- 
mate, though  humid,  is  delightful,  and  brings  every  sort  of 
vegetable  product  to  perfection.  The  sugar-cane,  coffee- 
plant,  and  tobacco  grow  luxuriantly ;  and  fruits  and  plants 
of  all  kinds  and  from  all  countries  can  be  successfully  cul- 


AZO 


564 


BAB 


Jtvnted.  Th«  Atoras  produce  wine  aad  brandy,  oranges  and 
|eiuun»,  the  greater  part  of  which  find  their  way  to  Britain, 
|ho  roimiindor  being  divided  between  Uraiil,  llumburg,  and 
|lhe  United  States.  They  also  export  considcnible  quantities 
of  coarse  linen,  salt  pork,  and  beef.  Their  imports  are 
ohieHy,  from  Engh\nd,  hardware,  eotton  and  woollen  stufTs, 
wearing-apparel.  Ac. ;  from  the  Uratils,  rum,  coffeo,  sugar, 
*c. ;  from  the  United  States,  fish,  staves,  timber,  tar,  oil, 
Ac. ;  from  Portugal,  salt,  tea,  and  eoclcsiastical  goods. 

The  great  hinderance  to  the  prosperity  of  the  Atores 
is  their  want  of  good  harbors;  the  only  tolerable  port 
being  that  of  Angra,  and  even  that  ofl'ers  little  safety 
except  in  the  fine  season;  but  artificial  ports  are  being 
constructed  for  the  principal  towns.  In  1591,  an  carth- 
Quako,  which  continued  12  days,  destroyed  the  town  of 
Villa  Franca  in  the  island  of  St.  Michael;  and  in  1S08  a 
volcano  rose  up  in  the  island  of  Suo  Jorge  to  the  height  of 
$600  feet,  and  became  extinct  after  burning  with  great  fury 
for  six  days  and  sending  out  a  flood  of  lava  which  over- 
flowed the  island.  In  this  archipelago  several  rocks  and 
volcanic  islands  have  from  time  to  time  been  thrust  up  from 
the  bottom  of  the  ocean.  Fountains  of  boiling  water  also  exist 
in  some  of  the  islands.  The  period  of  the  first  discovery 
of  the  Aiores  is  not  ascertained,  but  they  wore  known,  and 
•everal  of  them  were  laid  down  in  maps,  in  the  fourteenth 
eontury.  Little,  however,  was  known  of  them  till  the 
year  14.31  or  1432,  when  a  Flemish  merchant  of  the  name 
of  Vanderberg  was  driven  by  stress  of  weather  on  their 
coasts :  having  mentioned  his  discovery  on  his  arrival  at 
Lisbon,  the  Portuguese  government  took  possession  of  them, 
giving  them  the  name  of  Azores,  from  the  great  number  of 
Dawks  found  on  the  islands, — a<;or  being  the  Portuguese  for 
irtic/.-.  They  were  at  this  period  uninhabited,  and  without 
animals  of  any  kind,  except  birds,  which  were  numerous 

Itud  various.    Pop.  in  1872,  261,907;  in  1881,  269,401. 

Adj.  and  inhab.  Azorian,  &-zo're-§,n. 

Azotus,  a  town  of  Palestine.    See  Asdood. 

Azov,  a  sea  of  Russia.     See  Azof. 

Azpeytia,or  Azpeitia,is-pi'e-te-i,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  of  Guipuzcoa,  on  the  Urola,  15  miles  S.W.  of  San 


Sebastian.  Ignatius  Loyola,  the  founder  of  the  Jcxuits, 
was  born  about  a  mile  from  Azpcytia,  in  a  house  which  ui 
still  preserved  within  the  walls  of  a  convent.     Pop.  2;!;i5. 

Az'talan,  a  post-hamlet  of  JcUcrsun  CO.,  Wis.,  on  Craw- 
fish River,  about  27  miles  K.  of  Madison,  and  4  miles  W. 
of  Johnson's  Creek  Station.  It  bus  a  church.  Tim  township 
contains  remarkable  prehistoric  mounds  and  earthworks, 

Az'tCG,  a  post-village  of  San  Junn  co.,  Kew  Mexico, 
about  25  miles  S.  of  Duningo,  Col.  It  has  a  church,  and 
near  it  are  well-preserved  Aztec  ruins.     Pop.  100. 

Az'tecs,  a  native  race  or  tribe  of  American  Indians, 
the  dominant  people  in  Mexico  at  the  time  of  its  con<|iicst 
by  Cortez.  Their  language,  called  NahuatI,  is  still  exten- 
sively spoken.  They  had  made  some  progress  from  the 
savage  state  before  the  advent  of  the  Spaniards,  but  uro 
believed  to  have  borrowed  much  from  the  superior  civiliza- 
tion of  the  Toltecs.  Recent  critics  are  disposed  to  receive 
the  glowing  statements  of  the  earlier  S|>anish  historians  re- 
garding the  wealth  and  advancement  of  the  Aztecs,  and  the 
extent  of  their  power,  with  much  allowance. 

Axua,  i-zoo'ii,  a  town  of  the  island  of  lluyti,  near  its 
S.  coast,  55  miles  W.  of  Santo  Domingo.     Pop.  1500. 

Azuaga,  i-thoo-&'gi,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura, 
20  miles  E.  of  Llerena.     Pop.  6647. 

Azuara,  &-thoo-^'r&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Aragon,  9 
miles  S.AV.  of  Relchitc.     Pop.  2317. 

Azuay,  a  department  of  Ecuador.    See  Asuay. 

Azul,  i-sool',  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  prov- 
ince and  about  140  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Buenos  Ayrcs,  the 
centre  of  a  colony  of  Italians  and  Basques.  Pop.  2114; 
with  surroundings,  7000 ;  of  the  district  of  Azul,  25,000.    ■ 

Azurara  de  Beira.    See  Ma.ngoalde. 

Azusa,  a-zoo'sa,  a  post-town  of  Los  Angeles  co.,  Cal., 
in  a  fine  fruit-growing  and  mining  region,  15  miles  by  rail 
E.  of  Log  Angeles.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper 
oflBce,  <tc.     Pop,  500. 

Azzano,  it-s&'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Udine, 
10  miles  S.E.  of  Pordcnone.     Pod.  4320. 

Azzara,  or  Atzara,  &t-s&'ra,  a  village  of  the  island 
of  Sardinia,  10  miles  E.  of  Busachi.     Pop.  1620. 


B. 


Ba,  b&,  a  word  signifying  "  river,"  especially  used  as  a 
prefix  to  many  names  of  rivers  in  West  Africa,  as  Ba-Fing, 
one  of  the  names  of  the  Senegal. 

Baab,  bi\b,  or  El  Baab,  a  mountain  of  Africa,  in  the 
Sahara,  120  miles  S.  of  Fezzan,  on  the  route  to  Lake  Chad. 

Baaden,  a  town  of  Austria.     Sec  Baden. 

Baadii,  bAd'lee,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  about  60 
miles  N.  of  Mosul.     It  is  the  capital  of  the  Yezidees. 

Baadsted,  a  seaport  town  of  Sweden.     See  Bastad. 

Baagoe,  bo'go^b,  or  Bogoe,  bo'go'^h,  an  island  of 
Denmark,  between  Falster  and  Seeland.     Pop.  550. 

Baagde,  or  Bogoe,  a  small  island  of  Denmark,  in 
the  Little  Belt,  between  Funen  and  Sleswick,  with  a  village 
called  Baagiiby  (bog'o-bii*). 

Baak,  Baagk,  or  Bagk,  b^K,  a  village  of  Prussia, 
Westphalia,  1  mile  by  rail  N.W.  of  Hattingen.     Pop.  1170. 

Baal,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Baarle. 

Baal'bec,  Bal'bec,  or  Baal'bek  (the  Baalath  of 
Scripture,  and  Heliop'olis  of  the  Greeks),  a  ruined  town  of 
Syria,  formerly  a  city  of  great  size  and  magnificence,  situ- 
ated on  the  lowest  declivity  of  Anti-Libanus,  43  miles  N.W. 
of  Damascus.  Lat.  34°  1'  30"  N. ;  Ion.  36°  11'  E.  Its  remains 
comprise  three  temples,  two  formed  with  immense  stones, 
besides  numerous  columns,  altars,  and  the  vestiges  of  the 
city  walls,  3  to  4  miles  in  circuit.  A  great  temple,  one  of 
the  wonders  of  the  world,  was  erected  by  Antoninus  Pius. 
Baalbcc  continued  to  be  a  place  of  great  importance  down  to 
the  time  of  the  Moslem  invasion  ;  it  was  sacked  a.d.  748,  and 
pillaged  by  Tamerlane  in  1400.  The  present  village,  to 
the  E.  of  the  ruins,  has  fallen  greatly  into  decay,  and  con- 
tains about  2000  inhabitants.  The  Greek  name  of  this  city, 
Heliopoli!!,  haa  the  same  signification  as  Baalbec,  i.e., 
"city  of  the  sun." 

Baambrugge,  bS.m'brQg-gh9h,  a  village  of  the  Neth- 
•rlands,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Utrecht,  on  the  Amstel. 


Baar,  b^R,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  2}  miles  N.  of  Zug, 
has  spinning-mills  and  paper-manufactories.     Pop.  3744. 

Baarderadeel,  bilR'd?r-i-d4l',  a  village  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, in  Friesland,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Leeuwarden. 

Baarland,  b3.R'lS,nt,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
island  of  South  Beveland,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Arnemuydeu. 
Pop.  758. 

Baarlc,  b5,R'l?h,  Baarle-Nassan,  b3.n'l?h-nis'sow, 
or  Baal,  bS.1,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  province  of 
North  Brabant,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Breda,  adjoining  Baarle- 
Hertog  in  Belgium.     Pop.  2206. 

Baarn,  b^itn,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  province  and 
12  miles  N.E.'  of  Utrecht.     Pop.  2524. 

Baba,  b4'b.V  (anc.  Lec'tum),  a  seaport  town  of  Asia 
Minor,  near  its  W.  extremity.     Pop.  4000. 

Baba,  bi'b4\  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in  Thessaly, 
on  the  Salembria,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Larissa.     Pop.  2000. 

Baba,  b5.'bi,  a  town  of  South  America,  in  Ecuador,  42 
miles  N.  of  Guayaquil.     Pop.  4000  (?). 

Baba,  a  Malay  island.    See  Babba. 

Bababeg,  bA-bi-big',  Shelicr-Babic,  shJh'h^rbil'- 
bik\  or  Sheher-e-Babec,  sh5h'h?r  ^h  bi'bfik^  a  town 
of  Persia,  province  of  Kerman,  lat.  29°  53'  N.,  Ion.  65°  3'  E. 
It  was  formerly  a  flourishing  city,  but  is  now  much  decayed. 

Baba-Dagh,  bi'bS.VlAg',  a  town  of  Roumania,  in  the 
Dobrudja  (which  see),  on  the  W.  shore  of  Lake  Rassein,  93 
miles  N.E.  of  Silistria.     Pop.  10,000. 

Baba-Dagh  (anc.  Mona  C'ad'mus),  a,  celebrated  moun- 
tain in  the  S.W.  part  of  Asia  Minor;  also  the  name  of  sev- 
eral other  mountains  in  European  and  Asiatic  Turkey. 

Babahan,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Beiibeha.v. 

Babahoyo,  bi-bi-o'yo,  or  Bodegas,  bo-di'g&s,  • 
town  of  South  America,  in  Ecuador,  70  miles  N.  by  E.  0* 
Guayaquil,  on  the  Guayas.     Pop.  2000. 

Babai,  a  village  of  India.    See  Babye. 


BAB 


569 


BAG 


Babakanda,  bi-bi-kin'di,  a  town  of  the  Foolah  coun- 
try, Africa.     Lat.  10°  2'  N. ;  Ion.  2°  55'  E.     Pop.  10,000. 

Babba,  bib'bi,  an  island  of  the  Asiatic  Archipelago, 
about  80  miles  W.  of  Timor- Laut.  Lat.  7°  50'  S.;  Ion.  129° 
40'  E.     Length,  18  miles ;  average  breadth,  6  miles. 

Bab'bicombe,  a  village  and  popular  resort  of  Devon- 
ihire,  England,  2  miles  N.  of  Torquay. 

Babb's  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Rapides  parish,  La., 
fe  at  a  hamlet  called  Calhoun's,  on  Spring  Creek. 

Babb'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C,  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Greenville. 

Bab'cock's  Hill,  *  post-hamlet  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y., 
In  Diidgewater  township,  16  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Utica. 

Babcock's  Mills,  New  York.   See  South  Brookfield. 

Babck,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Babadeg. 

Babel  (bib'§l)  Island,  in  Bass's  Straits,  is  contig- 
uous to  the  E.  point  of  Great  Island.  Lat.  40°  S.j  Ion. 
US°  20'  E. 

Bab-el-Mandeb,  bib-Sl-min'dib^  ("the  gate  of 
tears"),  sometimes  improperly  called  Bab-el>Ittandel, 
a  strait  uniting  the  Red  Sea  with  the  Indian  Ocean, 
and  deriving  its  name  from  the  dangers  of  its  navigation. 
Distance  across  from  the  cape  on  the  Arabian  shore  to  the 
coast  of  Africa,  20  miles.  Perim,  now  occupied  by  the 
English,  and  other  small  islands,  lie  off  the  N.  shore.  See 
Cape  Bab-el-Mandeb. 

Babelthuap,  bi^bfil-too-ip',  the  largest  of  the  Pelew 
Islands,  Pacific  Ocean.     Lat.  7°  30'  N.;  Ion.  134°  40'  E. 

Babenhausen,  b3,^b§n-h6w'zen,  a  town  of  Germany, 
in  Ilesse,  12  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Darmstadt.     Pop.  2673. 

Babenhausen,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  34  miles  S.W.  of 
Augsburg,  where  reside  the  Princes  Fugger  von  Baben- 
hausen.    Pop.  1850. 

Babhangaon,  biVhin-gown',  a  town  of  India,  district 
and  40  miles  N.  of  Boglipoor.     Pop.  3277. 

Babia,  the  Latin  name  of  the  town  of  Montalto. 

Babiacora,  bi-be-i-ko'rS,,  atown  of  Mexico,  in  Sonora, 
on  the  Sonora  River,  50  miles  S.S.W.  of  Arispe.    Pop.  600. 

Babinagreda,  bi-be-ni-gri'di,  a  village  of  Austro- 
Ilungary,  Slavonia,  about  30  miles  E.  of  Brod.  Pop.  4421. 

Ba'bine  Lake,  or  Na'ta-Pun'ket,  a  large  lake  of 
British  Columbia,  the  source  of  a  tributary  of  the  Columbia. 

Babinovichi,  Babinovitchi,or  Babinowitschi, 
bi-be-no-vee'chee,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  65 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Moheelev,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Diina. 

Baboul  Bay,  Newfoundland.     See  Bull's  Bay. 

Babuyan  (bi^boo-yin')  Islands,  a  group  of  volcanic 
origin,  in  the  Pacific,  just  N.  of  Luzon.  They  belong  to 
Spain.     Chief  islands,  Calayan  and  Claro  Babuyan, 

Babyc,  or  Babai,  bi'bl',  a  town  of  India,  Central 
Provinces,  in  Jubbulpoor,  15  miles  E.  of  Hoshungabad. 
Pop.  3205. 

Bab'ylon  (L.  Bah'ylon;  Gr.  BajSuAiif,  Bahulon),  one 
of  the  oldest  and  most  celebrated  cities  in  the  world,  the 
ancient  capital  of  the  Babylonio-Chaldean  Empire,  was  sit- 
uated in  an  extensive  plain,  on  the  Euphrates,  60  miles  S. 
of  Bagdad.  The  modern  town  of  Hillah  occupies  a  portion 
of  its  site.  Lat.  32°  28'  30"  N. ;  Ian.  44°  9'  45"  E.  Accord- 
ing to  Herodotus,  the  walls  of  Babylon  were  60  miles  in 
circumference,  87  feet  thick,  and  350  feet  high,  built  of 
brick,  and  contained  25  gates  of  solid  brass,  and  250  towers. 
The  ruins  of  Birs-Nimrood  are  supposed  by  some  writers  to 
be  the  tower  of  Babel  of  the  Scriptures,  or  the  Temple  of 
Belus  described  by  Herodotus.  The  base  of  this  tower 
measures  2082  feet  in  circumference;  its  remains,  con- 
structed of  the  most  beautiful  brick  masonry,  are  28  feet  in 
breadth.  Babylon  was  in  its  glory  in  the  time  of  Nebu- 
chadnezzar. It  was  besieged  and  taken  by  Cyrus,  B.C.  538, 
and  afterwards  by  Alexander  the  Great.  The  most  prom- 
inent of  the  remaining  ruins  are  Birs-Nimrood,  the  Kasr, 
on  the  supposed  site  of  the  palace  of  Nebuchadnezzar,  and 
the  Mujahlibah,  on  the  river  bank,  5  miles  from  Hillah. 
Very  important  additions  to  our  knowledge  of  its  history 
have  been  obtained  by  the  translation  of  its  cuneiform 
inscriptions  in  recent  years. 

Bab'ylon,  a  pott-hamlet  of  FuUon  CO.,  111.,  on  Spoon 
River,  about  26  miles  S.  of  Galesburg. 

Babylon,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Suffolk  co., 
N.Y.,  situated  on  the  Great  South  Bay  (south  shore  of  Long 
Island),  and  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad  at  the  junction 
of  the  Central  Branch,  36  miles  E.  by  S.  from  Brooklyn. 
It  has  7  churches,  a  weekly  newspaper,  and  numerous 
other  business  concerns.     Pop.  of  township  in  1890,  6035. 

Babylonia,  bab-e  lo'ne-a,  the  ancient  name  of  a  prov- 
ince in  Middle  Asia,  now  called  Bagdad,  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  Mesopotamia,  E.  by  the  Tigris  River,  S.  by  the  Persian 
Gulf,  and  W.  by  the  Arabian  Desert.     The  country,  in 


ancient  times,  was  famed  for  its  fertility  ;  now  it  is  a  deso- 
late waste.    See  Bagdad  and  Ihak-Arabee. 

Baby  Poolo  (or  Pulo),  bi'bee  poo'lo,  a  cluster  of 
islands  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  lat.  3°  N.,  Ion.  95°  32'  E. 

Bacalar,  bi-kaiau',  or  San  Felipe  de  Bacalar, 
sin  fA-lee'p4  d4  bi-ki-lan',  a  seaport  of  Yucatan,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  San  Jose,  86  miles  N.N.W.  of  Balize.    P.  4000. 

Bacalh£io,  an  island  ofl  Newfoundland.  See  Baccalew 

Bacamarte,  bi-U4-maR'ti,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state 
of  Paruhyba,  16  miles  from  Campina  Grande. 

Bacau,  a  town  of  Roumania.     See  Bakau. 

Bac^calew',  Bacaliau,or  Bacalieu  (Port.  Baca- 
Ihao,  bA-kil-y6wN°',  i.e.,  "  codfish"),  a  small  island,  N.E.  of 
theAvalon  peninsula,  Newfoundland.  Lat.  48°  9'  N.;  Ion. 
52°  52'  W.     Area,  4  square  miles. 

Baccarat,  bik'ka'rS,',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Meurthe-et-Moselle,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Luncville,  on  a  rail- 
way, and  on  the  Meurthe.  Pop.  6040.  Its  crystal-works 
are  the  most  extensive  in  France. 

Bacchiglione,  bik-keel-yo'ni  (anc.  Medo'aciig  Mi' nor, 
or  Medu'acna  Mi'nor),  a  river  of  Italy,  rises  near  Viccnza, 
passes  Padua,  and  enters  the  Adriatic  3  miles  S.  of  Chioggia. 
Length,  55  miles. 

Bachan,  an  island  of  the  East  Indies.    See  Bachian. 

Bacharach,  bi'Ki-riK',  a  town  of  Prussia,  22i  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Coblentz,  on  the  Rhine.     Pop.  1687. 

Bach'elor,  a  post-office  of  Callaway  co.,  Mo.,  6  miles 
from  Auxvasse  Railroad  Station. 

Bachelor's  Hall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pittsylvania  co., 
Va.,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Danville. 

Bachelor's  Retreat,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oconee  co., 
S.C,  5  miles  from  Westminster  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Bach  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Wright  co.,  Iowa,  11  miles 
from  Webster  City. 

Bachian,  Batchian,  Batschian,  bi'che-in',  writ- 
ten by  the  Dutch  Batjan,  b&t'yin',  also  sometimes  spelled 
Bachan,  Batshian,  and  Batsian,  an  island  of  the 
Dutch  East  Indies,  Molucca  Archipelago,  in  the  Ternate 
group,  S.W.  of  Gilolo.  Lat.  0°  35'  S.;  Ion,  127°  35'  E. 
Estimated  area,  900  square  miles.  It  is  mountainous  and 
fertile.     The  Dutch  took  it  from  the  Spaniards  in  1610. 

Bachman,  b^K'man,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co., 
0.,  17  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Dayton. 

Bachman's  Mills,  a  post-hamlct  of  Carroll  co.,  Md., 
about  35  miles  N.N.W.  of  Baltimore, 

Bachman's  Valley  Junction,  Pennsylvania.  See 
Valley  Junction. 

Bachmanville,  biK'man-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dau- 
phin CO.,  Pa.,  4  miles  from  Derry. 

Bachinnt,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Bakhmoot, 

Back'bone',  a  post-hamlet  of  Sebastian  co.,  Ark.,  10 
miles  S.  of  Fort  Smith. 

Backbone,  a  post-office  of  Elliott  co.,  Ky. 

Backbone  Valley,  a  hamlet  of  Burnet  co.,  Tex., 
about  50  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Austin. 

Back  Creek  rises  in  Frederick  co.,  Va.,  runs  north- 
eastward, and  enters  the  Potomac  in  Berkeley  co.,  W.  Va, 

Back  Creek,  a  township,  Randolph  co.,  N.C.     P.  1212. 

Back  Creek  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Frederick  co., 
Va.,  12  miles  N.AV.  of  Winchester,  It  has  a  church.  Here 
is  a  summer  resort  called  Valley  Home. 

Backergunge,  or  Bakarganj,  bik-§r-gunj',  a  dis- 
trict of  Bengal,  in  the  Ganges  delta,  bounded  S.  by  the  Bay 
of  Bengal,  E.  by  Noakhally,  and  W.  by  Jessore.  Area, 
4939  square  miles.  It  includes  some  of  the  Sunderbunds, 
and  is  cut  by  innumerable  navigable  water-channels.  It  is 
very  fertile.     Capital,  Burrishol.     Pop.  2,377,433. 

Backnang,  bik'ning,  a  town  of  Wiirtorabcrg,  16  miles 
N.E.  of  Stuttgart.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth, 
leather,  and  muslin.     Pop.  4472. 

Back  River,  a  small  stream  of  Strafford  co.,  N.H., 
unites  its  waters  with  the  Piscataqua. 

Back's  Land,  British  North  America,  is  a  name  ap- 
plied to  the  region  around  the  Arctic  Circle,  between  Ion. 
95°  and  108°  W.,  explored  by  Captain  Back  in  1831. 

Back's  River,  Canada,    See  Great  Fish  River. 

Back  Swamp,  a  township,  Robeson  co.,  N.C.    P.  800, 

Back'usburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calloway  co.,  Ky.,  11 
miles  E.  of  Maytield.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  50. 

Bacoli,  b4-ko'lee  (anc.  Villa  Baali),  a  village  of  Italy, 
on  the  W.  shore  of  the  Gulf  of  Pozzuoli,  and  10  miles  W,  of 
Naples.     Here  are  interesting  remains  of  antiquity. 

Bacolor,  bi-ko-lor',  a  town  of  Luzon,  capital  of  the 
province  of  Pampanga,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Manila,  near  the 
river  Pampanga.     Pop.  8548. 

Bacon,  a  township  of  Vernon  co..  Mo,     Pop.  813. 

Bacon,  a  post-office  of  Coshocton  co.,  0. 


BAO 


6M 


BAD 


Bacon  Creek,  a  poct-hamlet  of  Hart  oo.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville  4  Memphis  Rnilroad,  60  mileB  S.  of  Louisville. 
It  ha«  manufactures  of  flour,  lumber,  and  tobaoco.   Pon.  100. 

Bacon  Hill,  a  poxt-hamlot  of  Saratoga  oo.,  N.Y.,  5 
tnilea  from  Oansevoort  Railroad  Station.     It  haa  a  church. 

Baconsburg,  Trumbull  oo.,  0.    See  Cortlaxd. 

Ba'con*s  Cas'tle,  a  pout-hamlet  of  Surrey  oo.,  Va., 
about  50  miles  S.E.  of  Richmond. 

Ba'contont  a  post-office  and  station  of  Mitchell  eo., 
Oa.,  nejir  Flint  River,  and  on  the  Atlantic  A,  Gulf  Railroad, 
Its  miles  S.  of  Albany.     Here  are  2  stores. 

Ba'con  Tnrn'oat,  a  station  in  Edgefield  co.,  S.C, 
•n  the  Colombia  <k  Augusta  Railroad,  29  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Augusta,  Qa. 

Uacqucville,  or  Basqaeville,  bikVecl',  a  town  of 
Fmneo,  Seine- Infdrieure,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Dieppe.    P.  2520. 

Biics,  or  Batsch,  bAtsh,  a  county  of  Hungary,  bounded 
6.  and  W.  by  the  Danube.  Capital,  B^os.  Area,  3975 
square  miles.     Pop.  576,149. 

Bflcs,  or  Batsch,  a  town  of  Hungary,  capital  of  the 
ejunty  of  Dies,  148  miles  S.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  3666. 

Bactria,  a  country  of  Asia.     See  Balkh. 

Bac'up,  a  town  of  Lancashire,  England,  on  a  railway, 
0  miles  N.N.W.  of  Rochdale.  It  has  varied  and  extensive 
manufactures,  quarries,  coal-mines,  a  library,  and  water- 
works, and  is  a  place  of  recent  growth.    P.  (1891)  23,498. 

Bada,  the  I^atin  for  Badev. 

Badagry,  bi-dig'ree,  a  British  port  of  Upper  Guinea, 
on  the  Slave  Coast,  50  miles  E.N.E.  of  Whydah.  Mount 
Badagry,  in  Upper  Guinea,  is  in  lat.  0°  26'  N.,  Ion.  3°  14'  E. 

Bad{yos,  bad-a-hoce'  (Sp.  Badajoz,  bi-ni-Buth' ;  anc. 
Pax  A  Hgitt'ta),  a  city  of  Spain,  capital  of  a  province  of  the 
same  name,  and  of  Estremadura,  on  the  Guadiana,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Rivillas,  132  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Lisbon,  and 

5  miles  from  the  frontier  of  Portugal.  Pop.  17,960.  The 
streets  are  narrow  and  crooked,  but  well  paved  and  clean, 
and  the  houses  are  good.  Principal  buildings,  a  cathedral, 
several  hospitals,  an  arsenal,  and  within  the  citadel  a  lofty 
tower.  It  has  manufactures  of  soap,  woollens,  and  leather, 
and  a  brisk  trade.  Badajos  was  taken  by  Soult  on  the  10th 
of  March,  1811,  and  by  Wellington  on  the  6th  of  April, 
1812.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Badges,  a  province  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  on  the 
Portuguese  frontier.  It  is  popularly  known  as  Lower  Es- 
tremadura. It  is  rich  in  metals,  and  produces  wax,  silk, 
wool,  and  pork.     Area,  8687  square  miles.     Pop.  431,922. 

Badakhshan.    See  Bldlkhsban. 

Badalona,  b&-D&-lo'n&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia, 

6  miles  N.E.  of  Barcelona.     Pop.  9525. 
BadalnccOf  bd-di,-look'ko,  or  Badaluco,  a  village 

of  Italy,  in  Liguria,  12  miles  from  San  Remo.     Pop.  2290. 

Budaon,  a  town  of  India.    See  Budaon. 

Bad  Axe,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Huron  co.,  Mich., 
in  Verona  township,  45  miles  N.E.  of  Vassar,  and  17  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Port  Austin.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks, 
2  newspaper  offices,  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  1000. 

Bad  Axe  River,  Vemon  co..  Wis.,  runs  southwestward 
and  enters  the  Mississippi  Riror  about  2  miles  above  the 
mouth  of  the  Upper  Iowa. 

Baddeck',  a  port  of  entry  of  Nova  Scotia,  capital  of 
Victoria  co..  Cape  Breton  Island,  on  the  Bras  d'Or,  40  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Sydney.  It  has  a  court-house  and  jail,  3 
churches,  12  stores,  and  several  hotels.     Pop.  400. 

Bade,  the  French  name  of  Badex. 

Badeborn,  b&'d^h-boRn%  a  town  of  Germany,  duchy 
of  Anhalt,  5  miles  from  Ballcnstiidt.     Pop.  1321. 

Bad'Ems,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Exs. 

Baden,  b&'d^n  or  b^'d^n  (Fr.  Bade,  b&d;  Sp.  and  It. 
Baden,  bi'ddn ;  L.  Ba'da),  Grand  Dochy  of  (Gor.  Grota- 
kerzoijthnm  Baden,  groce  hfiut'soG-toom  b&'d;n),  a  state  of 
the  German  Empire,  between  lat.  47°  32'  and  49°  52'  N. 
and  Ion.  7°  27'  and  9°  50'  E.,  in  the  angle  formed  by  the 
Rhine  on  turning  northward  at  Basel.  It  is  bounded  N.  by 
Bavaria  and  Hesse,  E.  by  Bavaria,  WUrttem berg,  and  Ho- 
henzoUern,  S.  by  Switzerland,  and  W.  by  Alsace-Lorraine 
and  Rhenish  Bavaria.     Area  and  subdivisions  as  follows : 


Districts. 

Area  in 
square  mile*. 

Pop.  in  1890. 

Chief  Towns. 

Lake  (Coiistance)«— 

Upper  Uliiiie^- ™ 

Mid.lle  Kbiae ^ 

Lower  lUiiue—...-... 

1303 
1654 
1549 
1314 

281,037 
4«e,l:<6 
444,834 
461,210 

Constance. 
Freiburg. 
Cai'Unilie. 
Mauukeim. 

TotaL 

5820 

1,656,817 

The  country  is  divided  into  1 1  circles.  Surface  mountninct 
covered  for  four-fifths  of  its  extent  by  the  Black  Forei 
with  the  oontreforts  which  extend  from  it;  the  Alp,  t1 
Heiligenberg,  and  the  Randcn  are  on  the  E.,  and  on  the  i 
the  Sohwartwald  and  Odenwald,  which  bound  the  eastei 
valley  of  the  Rhine,  from  which  they  rise  abrui)lly  as 
form  a  chain  of  plateaus  gradually  descending  towards  tl 
north,  and  varying  from  2000  to  4000  feet  in  ek-vntio 
The  culminating  points  are  the  Feldberg,  4675  feet;  tl 
Kandel,  4100  feet ;  the  Blauen,  .')822  feet ;  the  Katzenbuoki 
summit  of  the  Odenwald,  2300  feet;  the  Randen,  26l)ii  fee 
and  the  Kaiscrstuhl,  an  isolated  volcanic  mass  near  lire 
sach,  1900  feet.  The  western  part  of  the  territory  is 
plain,  extending  lietween  the  Rhino  and  the  mountaii 
from  Basel  to  Mannheim.  Principal  rivers,  the  Ithin 
which  forms  the  S.  and  W.  boundary,  the  Mur;^,  Kinzi 
Weissmain,  Neckar,  and  Danube.  The  Lake  uf  C'onstani 
forms  part  of  the  S.E.  frontier.  The  climate  is  very  mil 
in  the  valley  of  the  Rhine,  and  rigorous  in  the  moantai 
districts.  The  vino  is  cultivated  at  an  elevation  of  14C' 
feet.  The  soil  is  in  general  very  fertile,  especially  in  tl 
valleys  of  the  Rhine  and  Neckar.  Agriculture  supplies  ti 
chief  wealth  of  the  state,  and  is  conducted  with  skill. 

Barley,  wheat,  maize,  jwtatoes,  fine  hemp,  flax,  and  t( 
bacco  are  raised.     The  cultivation  of  fruit  is  extensive) 
carried  on.     The  produce  of  wine  is  of  much  importam 
Mineral  products  comprise  salt  from  springs,  alum,  vitri> 
sulphur,  coal,  iron,  copper,  lead,  and  a  little  silver.     Th. 
duchy  is  extremely  rich  in  mineral  springs.     Manufacture! 
have  of  late  materially  increased;  the  principal  are  cottor 
spinning  and  weaving,  riblwn-making,  and  the  product! 
of  beet  sugar.     Important  branches  of   industry   in   t 
grand  duchy  are  the  manufactures  of  straw  plait, 
ornaments,  watches,  clocks,  jewelry,  musical  bo.\' 
glass  and  glass  plates,  charcoal,  tar,  oil  of  cade,  &  ■. 
cipal  exports,  timber,  wine,  corn,  hemp,  and  hi': 
linen,  and  cotton  goods,  wooden  clocks,  straw  h  . 
paper.     A  complete  system  of  railways  exists,  consuuci 
and  operated  by  the  government. 

The  government  is  administered  by  the  grand  (lul;c, 
chamber  of  peers,  and  a  chamber  consisting  of  22 
from  towns  and  41  from  rural  districts;  it  has  thr 
tion  of  being  tolerant  and  liberal.      The  majority  ..;  in 
population  is  Roman  Catholic,  but  the  reigning  family  il 
Protestant.     The  grand  duchy  possesses  an  excellent  systeu} 
of  public  instruction,  and  the  schools  are  numerous.     At 
tendance  at  school  is  obligatory  on  all  children.     Balm  ha 
two  universities,  among  the  most  ancient  and  celebrated  ii. 
Germany ;  that  of  Heidelberg  has  a  faculty  for  Lutherai| 
and  that  of  Freiburg  for  Catholic  theology.   Judicial  courts! 
subordinate  to   the  supreme  court   at   Mannheim,  sit  S' 
Constance,  Freiburg,  Mannheim,  Offenburg,  and  Carlsruhcj 
Baden  has  4  votes  in  the  federal  council,  and  her  troop 
form  the  14th  corps  of  the  German  army. 

Baden,  commonly  Baden-Baden,  b&'d;n  b&'dfi 
(anc.  Civ'itaa  Aur^lia  Aquen'sit),  a  town  and  watering 
place  in  the  grand  duchy  of  Baden,  in  a  valley  of  thi 
Schwarzwald,  on  the  Oehlbach,  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Carls- 
ruhe.  The  town  is  6  miles  from  the  Rhine,  and  is  connectec' 
by  a  branch  with  the  railway  from  Mannheim  to  Basel.  Ii 
is  crowned  by  an  old  castle,  a  vast  ruined  edifice  of  the  tentt 
or  eleventh  century.  The  principal  buildings  are  an  evan- 
gelic church,  a  new  castle,  the  Russian  chapel,  and  the 
Anglican  church  in  Norman  style,  several  good  schools, 
many  fine  hotels,  the  convcrtationt-haui,  art-gallery,  and 
library.  The  water  is  conveyed  by  pipes  to  numerous 
hotels,  in  which  baths  are  fitted  up.  There  are  20  springs 
of  a  saline  nature,  varying  in  temperature  from  117°  to 
154°  Fahrenheit,  containing  also  iron  and  free  carbonic 
acid.  This  is  generally  considered  the  most  beautifully 
situated  of  all  the  German  watering-places.  July  and 
August  are  the  months  in  which  it  is  most  frequented. 
Pop.  in  1S85,  12,782;  in  1888,  12,929. 

Baden  (anc.  Ther'ma  Hehet'icm),  a  town  of  Switzer- 
land, canton  of  Aargau,  on  the  Limmat,  14  miles  by  rail 
N.W.  of  Zurich.  Its  sulphur-baths  (temperature  117° 
Fahrenheit)  were  frequented  by  the  Romans.     Pop.  3650. 

Baden,  or  Baaden,  bi'd^n  (anc.  Ther'mm  Ce'tise),  a 
town  of  Lower  Austria,  12  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Vienna, 
on  the  Schwachat.  It  has  an  imperial  castle,  many  rich 
private  mansions,  several  hospital.-!,  and  famous  mineral 
springs.  The  springs  are  sulphurous,  and  vary  in  tempera- 
ture from  92°  to  97°  Fahrenheit.     Pop.  13,342. 

Baden,  b&MdK<>',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Morbihan,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Vannes.     Pop.  2639. 

Baden,  ba'd^n,  a  station  in  San  Mateo  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  1 1  miles  S.  of  San  FrancisoOt 


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Ba'den,  a  post- village  of  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Kansas  City  <t  Northern  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  St. 
Louis.     It  has  4  churches. 

Baden,  a  hamlet  of  Gage  co.,  Neb.,  about  28  miles  S. by 
^y.  from  Lincoln. 

Baden,  a  post-village  of  Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  and  on  the  Pittsburg.  Fort  AVayne  &,  Chicago  Eailroad, 
38  miles  by  rail  N.AV.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  flour-mill,  <tc. 

Baden,  a  post- village  in  Waterloo  co.,  Ontario,  on  a 
failway,  72  miles  W.  of  Toronto.  It  contains  an  iron- 
foundry,  woollen-,  flax-,  and  stave-factories,  a  brewery,  and 
■ercral  stores.     Pop.  500. 

Baden-Baden,  Germany.    See  Baden. 

Baden-Baden,  post-ofiice  at  Millersburg,  111. 

Baden-Hausen,  bi'den-how'zen,  a  village  of  Bruns- 
wick, in  the  llarz,  8i  miles  S.  of  Seescn.     Pop.  937. 

Badenoch,  bd'd§n-oK\  an  extensive  Highland  dis- 
trict of  Scotland,  forming  the  S.E.  part  of  Inverness-shire, 
and  traversed  by  the  river  Spey. 

Badenweiler,  biMen-^i'ler,  a  village  of  Baden,  2 
miles  E.  of  MUlheim,  has  alkaline  thermal  springs.   P.  471. 

Ba'ders,  a  post-office  of  Schuyler  co..  111.,  is  at  Osceola. 

Badgastein,  Austria.     See  Gastein. 

Badg'er,  a  post-village  of  Webster  co.,  Iowa,  9  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Fort  Dodge.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  <fcc. 
Pop.  200. 

Badger,  a  post-hnmlet  of  Portage  co..  Wis.,  in  Lanark 
township,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Waupaca. 

Badger  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Lyon  co.,  Kansas,  6 
miles  from  Emporia. 

Badger  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Chippewa  co.,  Wis.,  on 
the  Chippewa  River,  in  Lafayette  township,  and  on  the 
Chippewa  Falls  &  Western  Railroad,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Eau 
Claire.     It  has  a  largo  lumber-mill  and  grist-mill. 

Badia,  bi-dce'i,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  Adige,  11 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Rovigo.  Pop.  5901,  who  manufacture 
pottery,  and  trade  in  corn,  flax,  cheese,  leather,  and  silk. 

Badia  Calavena,  bi-dee'i  ki-14-vi'ni,  a  town  of 
Northern  Italy.  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Verona.     Pop.  2303. 

Badia  Tcdalda,  bi-dee'i  ti-dil'di,  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  Tuscany,  23  miles  N.E.  of  Arezzo.     Pop.  2246. 

Badis,  a  town  of  Morocco.    See  Velez  de  Gohera. 

Badito,  bi-dee'to,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huerfano  co.,  CoL, 
on  the  Huerfano  River,  50  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pueblo. 

Badkert,  bod'k^Rt',  a  town  of  Hungary,  28  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Kecskemet.     Pop.  3656. 

Badku,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Bakoo. 

Bad  Lands.    See  Mauvaises  Terres. 

Badne'ra,  a  town  of  the  Amrawutti  district,  British 
India,  on  the  Indian  Peninsular  Railway.     Pop.  6876. 

Badnoor,  or  Badnur.    See  Budnoor. 

Badolato,  bl-do-li'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Calabria,  on 
the  sea.  15  miles  S.  of  Squillace.     Pop.  3932. 

Badong,  biMong',  a  commercial  state  on  the  S.  side  of 
the  island  of  Bali,  Malay  Archipelago.  Area,  about  100 
square  miles.  It  has  a  seaport  town  of  the  same  name,  with 
a  Dutch  settlement,  and  exports  rice,  coffee,  tobacco,  maize, 
cattle,  and  pigs,  receiving  in  return  European  manufactures, 
opium,  and  Chinese  coin.     Pop.  130,000. 

Badonviller,  b3,^d6>(oVee^yaiR',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Meurthe-et-Moselle,  19  miles  S.E.  of  Lune ville.     Pop.  2069. 

Badoor,  a  river  of  Beloochistan.    See  Doostee. 

Badr,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  Bedr. 

Badul'la,  a  military  post  in  Ceylon,  40  miles  S.E.  of 
Kandy,  and  2100  feet  above  the  sea.  It  has  a  fort,  bar- 
racks, and  a  hospital. 

Bae^a,  a  city  of  Spain.    See  Baeza. 

Baelegein,  byieh-iiam\  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  9  miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  2700. 

Baelcn,  bJ'len,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Antwerp,  14 
miles  S.E.  of  Turnhout,  on  the  Great  Nethe.     Pop.  3425. 

Baclen,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of  Liege,  5 
miles  N.E.  of  Verviers,  with  iron-works.     Pop.  2780. 

Baena,  bl-4'ni,  or  Vaena,  vi-i'nS,  (ane.  Caa'fra 
Vinia'na  ?),  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  24  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Cordova,  on  the  Marbella.     Pop.  11,607. 

Baependi,  bd-i-p5n'dee,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  of 
Minas-Geraes,  ISO  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Rio  Janeiro. 

Baerum,  bi'room,  a  village  of  Norway,  7  miles  W.  of 
Christiania,  on  a  stream  of  the  same  name,  has  iron-forges. 

Baesrode,  bis-ro'd^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  3  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Dendermonde,     Pop.  2910. 

BaeterrsE,  the  ancient  name  of  Beziers. 

Bsetis,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Guadalquitir. 

Baeza,  or  Bae^a,  b4-i'thi  (anc.  Bea'tia),  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Andalusia,  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Jaen,  has  numer- 


ous churches,  monasteries,  Ac.  Its  principal  edifices  are  the 
cathedral,  now  united  to  that  of  Jaen,  the  university,  and 
the  old  monastery  of  St.  Philip  de  Neri.  Baeza  is  the  seat 
of  several  courts,  and  possesses  a  seminary  in  which  both 
theology  and  philosophy  are  taught,  an  economical  society, 
and  several  endowed  schools.  The  principal  manufactures 
are  cloth,  leather,  and  soap.  The  sculptor  Gaspar  Becerra 
was  born  here  in  1520.     Pop.  13,203. 

Baeza,  bJ,-i's4,  a  town  of  South  America,  in  Ecuador, 
90  miles  E.S.E.  of  Quito,  on  the  Coca  River.  The  popula- 
tion has  been  stated  at  600,  but  the  town  is  said  by  Ortoa 
to  consist  of  only  two  small  houses. 

Ba  Faleni6,  a  river  of  Senegambia.    See  FalemS. 

Batfa,  biffS.  (anc.  Pa'phos,  of  which  the  modern  name 
is  a  corruption),  a  town  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Cj'prus,  56 
miles  W.S.AV.  of  Nicosia.  It  is  defended  by  a  small  citadel ; 
the  port  is  accessible  only  for  small  boats.  It  is  a  Greek 
bishop's  see.  Baffawas  an  important  place  under  the  Vene- 
tian rule,  and  occupies  the  site  of  the  Nova  Pajjhtie  of  the 
ancients.     Pop.  1000. 

Baffa,  a  harbor  of  Guinea.    See  Bassa. 

Baffin  Land,  a  great  island  of  British  North  Amer- 
ica, bounded  E.  by  Baffin's  Bay,  and  W.  by  the  Gulf  of 
Boothia,  Fox  Channel,  and  Hudson's  Strait.  It  is  crossed 
by  the  Arctic  Circle. 

Barfin's  Bay,  a  large  gulf  in  the  N.E.  part  of  North 
America,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Greenland.  It  commu- 
nicates with  the  Atlantic  Ocean  by  Davis  Strait,  and  with 
the  Arctic  Ocean  by  Lancaster  Sound  and  Smith's  Sound. 
It  is  about  850  miles  long,  and  extends  northward  as  far  as 
77°  30'  N.  latitude.  The  greatest  width  is  nearly  400  miles. 
It  is  said  to  be  6500  feet  deep  in  some  places.  The  shores 
are  rocky  and  precipitous  and  overlooked  by  high  moun- 
tains. This  bay  was  named  in  honor  of  William  Baffin,  who 
first  explored  it  in  1616.  Black  whales,  seals,  and  polar 
bears  abound  in  its  waters  and  on  its  coasts.  Dr.  Kane  de- 
scribes the  great  pack  of  icebergs  that  occupies  the  middle 
of  this  bay.  There  were  250  icebergs  of  the  first  magnitude 
(mostly  over  250  feet  high)  visible  at  one  time. 

Baffin's  Island,  a  small  island  in  Fox's  Channel,  N. 
branch  of  Hudson's  Bay.     Lat.  65°  40'  N. ;  lon..83°  29'  W. 

Baffin's  Islands,  three  small  islands  on  the  E.  shore 
of  Baffin's  Bay.     Lat.  74°  4'  N. ;  Ion.  58°  AV. 

Ba-Fing,  a  river  of  Western  Africa,  the  principal 
head-stream  of  the  Senegal. 

BatTo,  bif'fo,  a  town  of  the  Mahee  country,  Dahomey, 
Western  Africa,  at  the  foot  of  one  of  the  Kong  Mountains. 

Baflo,  b4f-lo',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  province 
of  Groningen,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Appingedam.     Pop.  2366. 

Bafra,  bi'fril,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  pashalic  of  Seevas, 
on  the  Kizil-Irmak,  49  miles  S.E.  of  Sinope.     Pop.  2000. 

Bagacum,  the  ancient  name  of  Bavav. 

Bagagen,  bi-gi-zh6>-o',  a  river  of  Brazil,  province  of 
Goyaz.  joins  the  Maranhao  about  20  miles  above  the  mouth 
of  that  stream.     Length,  160  miles. 

Bagalen,  a  region  of  Java.    See  Baglen. 

Baganga,  bi-ging'gl,  a  seaport  town  and  bay,  Malay 
Archipelago,  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Mindanao. 

Bagaria,  bi-gi-ree'l,  or  Bagheria,  bi-gi-ree'i,  a 
town  of  Sicily.  7  miles  E.  of  Palermo.     Pop.  10,651. 

Bagdad,  big-did'  orbag'dad,  sometimes  written  Bag- 
dat,  a  celebrated  city  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  formerly  capital 
of  the  Empire  of  the  Caliphs,  now  capital  of  the  pashalic  of 
the  same  name,  on  both  banks  of  the  Tigris,  190  miles  above 
its  junction  with  the  Euphrates.  Lat.  33°  19'  50"  N. ;  Ion. 
44°  22'  38''  E.  The  city  is  of  an  irregular,  oblong  form, 
and  about  3  miles  in  circuit,  and,  as  seen  from  a  distance, 
has  a  striking  appearance,  being  surrounded  by  formidable- 
looking  walls  of  brick,  strengthened  with  round  towers  and 
mounted  with  cannon.  A  forest  of  palm-  and  date-trees 
growing  around  and  within  the  city  adds  to  the  picturesque 
eff'ect.  The  interior,  however,  disappoints  the  expectations 
which  a  distant  view  is  calculated  to  excite.  Bagdad  was 
for  many  ages  the  great  emporium  for  commerce  of  all  the 
surrounding  countries,  but  it  has  of  late  years  much  de- 
clined. The  chief  imports  are  cotton  twist,  calicoes,  shirt- 
ings, prints,  shawls,  woollen  cloths,  and  dyes.  The  returns 
are  specie,  Persian  tombak,  galls,  hides,  indigo,  pearls, 
cashmere  shawls,  coffee,  gums,  myrrh,  <fec.  Bagdad  has  few 
manufactures:  the  principal  are  red  and  yellow  leather, 
both  of  which  are  much  esteemed,  and  a  kind  of  plush,  of 
rich  and  beautiful  patterns,  which  is  used  by  the  'Turks  for 
covering  cushions  and  sofas.  The  climate  of  Bagdad  is  in- 
tensely hot  in  summer,  but  on  the  whole  salubrious,  although 
subject  during  part  of  the  summer  to  a  hot  wind,  known  by 
the  name  of  tamiel  or  simoom.  Rain  rarely  falls  later  than 
the  beginning  of  May  or  earlier  than  towards  the  end  of 


BAG 


S68 


BAG 


September.  Two  Btriking  featnnM  of  thia  city  are  the  im- 
Biense  nambers  of  negro  Blare*  and  white  donkeys  that 
throng  the  street*.  The  population,  which  once  exceeded 
lUO.UUO,  is  At  present  offioially  placed  at  40,000.  The 
ttreets  are  narrow  and  irregular,  and  the  houses  are  meanly 
built;  but  some  flno  old  structures  remain,  comprising  the 
"gate  of  the  talisman,"  the  tomb  of  Zobeido,  the  wife  of  the 
Caliph  Hanmn-al-Knschid,  and  the  tomb  of  a  Turkish  saint 
of  the  twelfth  century.  The  edifice  of  it«  famous  college, 
founded  in  1 233,  now  serves  for  a  caravansary  and  for  tho 
eu.ttom-house.  A  citadel,  of  no  great  stren;;th,  commands 
tho  passajje  of  tho  Ti^jris.  There  are  about  100  raosquos. 
The  oataars  are  large,  and  abound  with  most  of  tho  goods 
•old  in  European  markets.  This  city,  built  out  of  the  ruins 
Cf  Ctmipkon,  was  founded  by  Almanzor  in  7G3,  and  continued 
to  flourish  under  succeeding  caliphs,  until  sacked  by  Iloolil- 
koo  in  i25<.).     It  has  been  held  by  the  Turks  since  1638. 

Basdadf  big-did'  (ano.  Chaldte'a,  Mesopota'mia),  a 
Tilayet  or  province  forming  the  S.E.  portion  of  Asiatio 
Turkey.  Length  from  N.'W.  to  S.E.,  630  miles;  greatest 
breadth,  about  4d0  miles.  The  Euphrates  and  Tigris  flow 
through  the  province,  and  unite  at  Koma.  The  country  E. 
of  the  Tigris  includes  Koordistan  and  Khoozistan ;  the  plains 
of  the  former  are  fertile,  producing  grain  and  fruit ;  tho 
latter,  possessing  a  good  soil  in  some  parts,  is  generally  a 
desert  waste;  it  is,  however,  famed  for  its  dates.  The 
country  to  the  W.  of  the  Euphrates  is  a  flat,  arid,  sandy 
desert,  destitute  of  herbage,  except  near  the  banks  of  the 
river,  which  are  very  fertile.     Pop.  about  2,000,000. 

Bag'dadj  a  post-village  of  Santa  Rosa  co.,  Fla.,  near 
Milton.  It  has  3  church  organizations,  a  banking-house, 
and  several  lumber-mills.     Pop.  about  500. 

Bagdad,  a  post- village  of  Shelby  co.,  Ky.,  13  miles 
by  mil  W.N.W.  of  Frankfort.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  a 
flouring-mill,  and  a  public  school.     Pop.  250. 

Bagdad)  a  station  in  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  4  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Alb'ghany  Junction. 

Bagdad)  a  post-hamlet  of  Smith  oo.,  Tenn.,  about  56 
miles  E.X.E.  of  Nashville,  has  a  store  and  a  church. 

Bagdad)  a  post-village  of  Williamson  co.,  Tex.,  12 
miles  from.  Round  Rock  Station.  It  has  4  churches,  2 
steam-mills,  3  stores,  and  a  masonic  itastitute. 

Bagdad)  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  Tamaulipa-s,  on  the  Rio 
Grande,  near  its  mouth,  is  ill  built,  and  subject  to  overflow. 
It  was  a  prominent  seaport  in  1861-64,  and  the  seat  of  a 
large  blockade-running  trade  with  Tex.os. 

Bagdat)  b&g'dHt',  or  Bagdadshik,  a  town  of  Russia, 
Transcaucasia,  15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Kootais.     Pop.  1600. 

BagC)  b&'zhi,  a  village  of  Brazil,  province  of  Sao  Pedro 
do  Rio  Grande,  near  Piratinim,  on  the  S.  frontier  of  the 
province.     It  has  a  church  and  2000  inhabitants. 

Bage>la-Ville)  b3,V.hd'-l5.-veel',  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  Ain,  near  Bag6-le-Ch£ltel.     Pop.  2142. 

Ilage-le-Chatel)  b4'zhi'-l§h-shaH6r,  a  village  of 
France,  in  Ain,  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bourg.     Pop.  758. 

Bag'enbnn  Head)  a  cape  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Wexford, 
at  the  entrance  of  Bannow  Bay. 

Bag'gettsville)  a  post-office  of  Robertson  co.,  Tenn. 

Bagh)  a  town  of  Bcloochistan.    See  B'hag. 

Itaglial)  a  state  of  India.     See  Bagul. 

Bagh^erat')  a  town  of  India,  in  Jessore,  20  miles  S.E. 
of  Culna,  is  on  the  navigable  river  Bairab. 

Bagheria)  a  town  of  Sicily.    Seo  Bagaria. 

Baghirmi)  or  Bagirmi)  ba-ghcor'me,  written  also 
Bcgharmehand  Baghermeh,  a  state  of  Central  Africa. 
in  the  valley  of  the  Shari,  S.  of  Lake  Chad,  and  S.W.  of 
Bornoo,  is  about  240  miles  long  from  N.  to  S.,  and  150 
miles  broad.  It  is  level  and  not  unfertile,  but  is  subject  to 
drought.  The  dominant  people  are  Mohammedan  negroes, 
of  a  warlike  race,  and  are  cruel  in  the  extreme,  while  the 
mass  of  the  people  are  degraded  heathens.  The  country 
pays  tribute  to  Bornoo  and  Waday.     Capital,  Masenia. 

Baghistan)  a  ruin  of  Persia.    See  BEiiisTcy. 

Bagh'.ja'la,  a  town  of  India,  in  Bengal,  lat.  22°  47'  38" 
N..  Ion.  88°  47'  16"  E.,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Calcutta.    Pop.  9718. 

Baghput,  or  Baghpat)  b&g'piit',  a  town  of  British 
J  idi.i,  19  miles  N.  of  Delhi.     Pop.  7887. 

Baghtschi'Serai.    See  Bakhchbe-Sarai. 

Baghulcand)  India.    See  Rewah. 

Bagleii,  or  Bagaleii)  b&g'a-len,  a  fertile  Dutch  prov- 
ince of  Java,  near  its  centre,  bounded  S.  by  the  ocean. 
Arra,  923  square  miles.     Pop.  865,470. 

BagMey)  a  post-town  of  Guthrie  co.,  Iowa,  12  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Perry.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper 
ofiice,  and  graded  schools.     Pop.  about  500. 

BagleV)  a  post-village  of  Menominee  oo.,  Mioh.,  34 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Menominee. 


BagleV)  a  station  in  Otsego  oo.,  Mich.,  on  the  Jackson, 
Lansing  k  Saginaw  Railroad,  117  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bay 
City. 

llagna)  b&n'y&,  or  Bagni)  b&n'yce,  a  town  of  Turkey 
in  Europe,  40  miles  W.  of  l'hili]ipo))oli.<<,  on  tho  Maritza, 

BagnacavallO)  b&n'y&-k&-v&rio,  a  town  of  Italy,  11 
miles  W.  of  Ravenna.     Pop.  3885. 

Bagnf^a,  b&n-yjl'y&,  a  village  of  Italy,  3  miles  N.E. 
of  Viterbo.     Pop.  2731. 

Bngna-Louka,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Basiai/mka. 

Bag'iialMtuAvii)  or  Bag'cnalstowii)  a  town  of  Ire- 
land,  CO.  and  10  miles  S.  of  Carlow,  on  tho  Barrow.    P.  LM61. 

BagnaH)  bAg'nin',  or  Baguait)  b&g'w&n',  an  island 
off  tho  E.  coast  of  Borneo.     Lat.  6°  8'  N. ;  Ion.  1 18°  30'  ];. 

Bagnara)  biVn-yil'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Reggie  di  Calabria,  on  the  Gulf  of  Gioja,  16  miles  N.E.  of 
Reggio.    Pop.  6229.    Good  wine  is  produced  in  the  vicinity. 

Bagnara)  a  town  of  Italy,  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ra- 
venna.    Pop.  1953. 

BagnascO)bin-yis'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  25  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Coni,  on  the  Tanaro.     Pop.  1500. 

Bagiiferes-de-Bigorre)b4n'yain'-d?h-bee'gon'(anc. 
Vi'cu»  Aqnen'sts),  a  town  of  France,  in  Hautcs-Pyr^nfcF, 
on  tho  Adour,  and  on  a  railway,  13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Tarbcs. 
Pop.  9470.  It  is  a  cheerful,  clean  town,  with  white  houses, 
shaded  promenades,  and  channels  of  clear  water  running 
through  ita  streets.  It  has  excellent  hotels,  a  public  library, 
a  theatre,  a  concert-room,  a  college,  a  hospital,  a  fine  mu- 
seum, a  Protestant  church,  and  manufactures  of  woollens, 
linens,  and  crape  called  "bariSges."  There  are  over  60 
quarries  of  colored  marble  here,  and  in  the  vicinity  are 
numerous  fine  drives.  There  are  many  bathing  establisli- 
ments,  the  springs  varying  in  temperature  from  72°  to  124° 
Fahr.  Its  waters  were  resorted  to  by  the  Romans,  and  are 
still  annually  visited  by  thousands  of  strangers. 

Bagneres-de-LuchoH)  bin'yain'-d?h-lii'ph6N°'  (the 
A'qiise  Convena'rnm  of  the  Romans),  a  town  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Garonne,  in  the  Pyrenees,  5  miles  from  the 
Spanish  frontier,  and  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  St.  Gaudens.  Pop. 
3829.     It  has  celebrated  sulphurous  thermal  springs. 

Bagnes-le-Chable)  b&il^-l^h-sh&b'I,  or  Chabic, 
called  also  BagneS)  a  village  of  Switzerland,  in  Valais, 
on  the  Dranse,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Martigny.     Pop.  4254. 

Bagni)  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Bagna. 

Bagni)  bdn'yee,  tho  name  of  several  villages  of  Italy, 
so  called  from  their  mineral  baths. 

Bagni)  a  town  of  Sicily,  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Syracuse. 
Pop.  5628. 

Bagni  della  Porretta)  bin'yee  dSl'ld  pon-nSt'ti.  a 
village  of  Italy,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Civita  Vecchia,  with  min- 
eral springs,  called  by  Pliny  the  A'qum  I'au'ri,  and  a  re- 
markable aqueduct  constructed  by  Trajan. 

Bagni  di  Lucca)  bin'yee  dee  look'ki,  a  village  of 
Italy,  11  miles  N.  of  Lucca.     Pop.  of  commune,  9222. 

Bagni  di  Pisa)  bin'yee  dee  pee'zi,  a  village  of  Italy, 
4  miles  N.E.  of  Pisa. 

Bagni  Morba,  bln'yee  moR'bi,  a  village  of  Italy,  in 
Tuscany,  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Sienna,  with  mineral  springs. 

BagnO)  bJn'yo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Florence, 
65  miles  E.  of  Florence.     Pop.  7538. 

Bagno  a  Ripoli)  bin'yo  h  rec'po-Iee,  a  suburb  of 
Florence,  Italy,  near  the  Arno,  and  about  2  miles  S.E.  of 
the  town.    It  has  many  fine  villas.     Pop.  13,080. 

BagnoleS)  bln*yol',  a  village  of  France,  in  Orne,  13 
miles  S.E.  of  Domfront.     It  has  hot  and  cold  springs. 

Bagnolet)  bin^yoMi',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Seine,  N.E.  of  Paris,  has  gypsum-quarries.     Pop.  2597. 

Bagnoli)  biii-yo'lee,  a  town  of  Italy,  12J  miles  N.W. 
of  Canipobasso.     Pop.  4210. 

Bagnoli)  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Avellino,  9  milei 
S.W.  of  Sant'  Angelo  dei  Lombardi.     Pop.  3409. 

BagnolO)  bin-yo'lo,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  7  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Brescia.     Pop.  3489. 

BagnolO)  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  12 
miles  N.AV.  of  Saluzzo.  Pop.  6357.  Many  villages  of  Italy 
have  this  name. 

BagnolS)  bin^yol'  (anc.  Bal'ned),  a  village  of  Franco, 
department  of  Gard,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Uz6s.  Pop.  4876. 
It  has  a  communal  college  and  hospital,  and  manufactures 
of  serges,  silk,  cordage,  <fec. 

Bagnols-Ies-BainS)  bln'yol'-li-biN"',  a  village  of 
Franco,  in  Lozfire,  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Mende. 

BagnonC)  bin-yo'n&,  a  town  and  commune  cf  Italy, 
province  of  Massa  e  Carrara,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Pontremoli,  at 
the  S.  base  of  Mount  Orsajo.  It  cont.ains  a  large  square,  a 
parish  church,  and  a  castle.     Pop.  5288. 

Bagnorea)  bin-yo-r4'S,  (anc.  Bal'neum  Re'gU),  a  towB 


BAG 


569 


BAH 


![>f  Italy,  province  of  Rome,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Orvieto. 
Tt  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  .3745. 

Bngolino,  bi-go-lee'no,  a  village  of  It»ly,  23  miles 
N.E.  of  Brescia.     It  has   iron-forges.    Pop.  3791. 

Bagoo,  a  town  of  Indo-China.    See  Pegu. 

Bn^oolee,  Bagouly,  or  Ba^ooly.    See  Pactoi.tis. 

Bagos,  boh^gosh',  or  Hadja-Bagos,  h6d'yoh-boh^- 
gofh',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Bihar,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Debrcczin.     Pop.  2100. 

Bagot,  bi'go',  a  county  in  the  southern  part  of  Quebec, 
intersected  by  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  and  having  the 
Richelieu  River  for  its  W.  boundary.  Chief  town,  St.  Li- 
iboire.     Area,  335  square  miles.     Pop.  19,491. 

Bagot's  Blutf,  the  west  point  of  the  island  of  Anti- 
loosti.  Lat.  49°  52'  30"  N. ;  Ion.  66°  22'  44"  Vf.  On  it  is  a 
'light-house. 

■  Bagotvillc,  blVoS'cel',  or  St.  Alphonse  de  la 
Grande  Bale,  sist  J,rf6\z'  d?h  14  grfixd  bi,  a  post-vil- 
lage in  Chicoutimi  co.,  Quebec,  at  the  head  of  Ila  Ha  Bay, 
'Sagucnay  River,  10  miles  from  Chicoutimi.     Pop.  250. 

!    Bagradas,  a  river  of  North  Africa.    See  Mejerda. 

5    Bag'shot,  a  village  and  chapclry  of  England,  co.  of 

^Surrey,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Windsor.     Pop.  2090. 

i    Bagiian,  a  Malay  island.     See  Bagnan. 

?    Baguer-Morvan,    bi'gain'-moR'v6x°',   a  village   of 

'France,  department  of  Ille-et-Vilaine.     Pop.  2162. 

;    Baguer-Pican,b3,*gaiu'-pce'k6^•o',  a  village  of  France, 

department  of  Ille-et-Vilaine.    Pop.  1720. 

■;    Bagiil,  Baghul,  or  Bhagal,  b.\'gul,  a  small  state  of 

fthe  Punjab.  India,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Sutlej,  near  lat. 

131°  N.  and   Ion.   77°  E.     It  is  feudatory  to  the  British 

;authority,  and  pays  tribute.     Pop.  22,305. 

'    Bugura,  a  town  and  district  of  India.     See  Bograh. 

■  Bag'well,  a  post-village  of  Red  River  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  Clarksville.  It  has 
'2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  flour. 

Bahadra,  b4-hi'dri,  a  town  of  Northwest  India,  120 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Delhi. 

I  Bahadurpoor,  bi-h4'diir-poor',  a  tovrn  of  India,  22 
(miles  S.E.  of  Baroda. 

f  Bahadurpoor,  a  town  of  India,  133  miles  S.  of 
fGwnlior. 

i  Baha'la,  a  post-village  of  Copiah  co..  Miss.,  on  the 
;New  Orleans,  Jackson  &  Great  Northern  Railroad,  about 
f  50  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Jackson.  It  has  a  church,  a  seminary, 
and  manufactures  of  pine  lumber,  sash,  blinds,  and  doors. 
iPop.  about  450. 

Bahala  Creek,  of  Mississippi,  enters  Pearl  River  in 
'  Lawrence  eo. 

Bahama  (ba-ha'ma)  Banks,  two  great  areas  of  shoal 
'  water  among  the  Bahama  Islands.  Great  Bahama  Bank  has 
,  the  Florida  Straits  and  Santarem  Passage  on  the  W.,  Exuma 
Sound  on  the  E.,  and  Bahama  Channel  on  the  S.,and  is  di- 
vided into  two  unequal  parts  by  the  Gulf  of  Providence, 
i  which  enters  it  from  the  N.  Most  of  the  large  islands  of  the 
;  group  are  upon  it.  Little  Bahama  Bank  is  N.  of  the  former, 
':  contains  Abaco  and  Great  Bahama  Islands,  and  is  divided 
,  from  the  larger  bank  by  the  Providence  Channels. 

Bahama  Channel,  or  The  Gulf  of  Florida,  the 
,  narrow  sea  between  the  Florida  coast  and  the  Bahama  Islands, 
J  nearly  40  miles  long,  and  about  45  wide.    The  currents  here 

■  are  strong,  running  at  a  rate  of  from  2  to  5  miles  an  hour. 

Bahama  Islands,  or  Lucayos,  loo-ki'occ,  a  group 

•  of  about  700  islands  or  rocky  islets,  belonging  to  Great 
Britain,  lying  N.E.  of  Cuba,  and  E.  of  the  coast  of  Florida, 

!  the  Gulf  Stream  passing  between  them  and  the  mainland. 
I  They  extend  from  the  Grand  Bahama  or  Mantanilla  Cays, 

*  in  lat.  27°  31'  N.  and  Ion.  79°  5'  W.,  to  the  Mouchoir  Bank, 
;  in  lat.  21°  N.  and  Ion.  70°  32'  AV.,  a  distance  of  upwards 
I  of  600  miles.     Generally  speaking,  they  present  a  flat  ap- 
pearance, .are  mostly  long  and  narrow,  and  are  formed  of 

!  calcaraous  rock.  Of  the  whole  group,  not  more  than  25  are 
.  inhabited,  and  some  of  the  largest  are  but  thinly  peopled; 
'  while  others,  again,  are  mostly  unexplored.  Though  the 
'  »M1  is  thin  and  streams  almost  unknown,  the  islands  gener- 
i  ally  produce  oranges,  limes,  lemons,  esculent  vegetables, 
maize,  cotton,  <fec.     The  chief  exports  are  cabinet-woods, 

■  sponges,  fruit,  shells,  salt,  cascarilla  bark,  arrow-root,  &o. 
The   climate   is   generally  fine;    but   hurricanes  and  long 

:  droughts  occur.     The  general  wild  vegetation  of  the  Ba- 

;  hamas  is  a  close  growth  of  trees,  comprising  the  madeira, 

horse-flesh  tnahogany,  croton,  lignum-vitse,  pigeon,  alum, 

dycwoods,    <fcc.,  with   an   entangled   underbrush.     In   the 

[  more  southern  islands  there  are  natural  salt-ponds  of  great 

value,  the  cultivation  of  which  is  increasing,  but  is  capable 

of  much  further  improvement. 

The  seat  of  government  is  Nassau,  island  of  New  Provi- 

37 


dence,  one  of  the  most  important  of  the  group.  Here,  also, 
are  the  headquarters  of  the  troops.  The  legislature  con- 
sists of  a  governor  and  council  appointed  by  the  crown,  and 
a  house  of  assembly.  Education  is  under  the  management 
of  a  Board  of  Education.  The  present  inhabitants  are 
chiefly  the  descendants  of  American  torics,  great  numbers 
of  whom  repaired  to  these  islands,  with  the  remains  of  their 
property,  at  the  close  of  the  Revolutionary  war.  There  are 
also  many  blacks.     Many  of  the  people  are  wreckers. 

One  of  these  islands  was  the  first  land  discovered  by  Co- 
lumbus on  his  first  voyage  in  1492,  and  named  by  him  San 
Salvador,  but  whether  that  San  Salvador  was  the  present 
Cat  Island  or  Watling  Island  has  been  a  matter  of  dispute  : 
at  present  the  last-named  is  generally  conceded  to  be  the 
original  San  Salvador.  At  that  period  the  larger  Bahamas 
were  peopled  by  an  inoffensive  race  of  Indians,  whom  the 
Spaniards  removed  to  work  in  mines  or  act  as  divers  in 
the  pearl-fisheries.  By  this  treatment  the  race  became  ex- 
tinct in  the  course  of  about  fourteen  years.  The  Bahamas 
then  remained  uninhabited  for  nearly  a  century  and  a  half, 
when  they  were  colonized  by  the  English  in  1629,  who  were 
in  turn  expelled  by  the  Spaniards.  The  islands  subse- 
quently changed  masters  repeatedly,  but  were  finally  ceded 
to  the  British  in  1783.  The  principal  islands  are  Grand 
Bahama,  Great  and  Little  Abaco,  Andros  Island,  New 
Providence,  F.leuthera,  Cat  Island,  Great  Exuma,  Rum 
Cay,  Watling  Island,  Long  Island,  Crooked  Island,  Acklin 
Island,  Atwood's  Key,  Mariguana,  Great  and  Little  Inagua, 
<tc.     The  population  in  1845  was  26,500 ;  in  1881,  43,521. 

Bahar,  Behar,  or  Beyhar,  ba-har',  written  also 
Vihar,  an  old  division  of  India,  now  a  province  of  BengaL 
It  is  divided  into  ten  districts,  which  are  grouped  in  the 
divisions  of  Patna  and  Boglipoor.  Area,  42,417  square 
miles.  Pop.  24,284,370.  The  province  is  traversed  by  the 
Ganges  and  other  great  streams,  and  by  several  railways. 
Bahar  was  in  remote  antiquity  the  cradle  of  Booddhisra,  and 
is  therefore  regarded  as  a  holy  land  by  many  peoples. 

Bahar,  or  Behar  (Sans.  Vihar,  a  "monastery"),  a 
town  of  Bengal,  Patna  district,  35  miles  S.E.  of  Patna,  has 
a  great  inn  for  Mohammedan  pilgrims,  and  was  once  a  large 
city,  but  has  greatly  declined.     Pop.  44,295. 

Bahari,  bi'na-ree\  El  Bahari,  or  Lower  Egypt, 
the  northernmost  of  the  three  divisions  of  Egypt  proper,  in- 
cluding the  Nile  delta.  It  is  divided  into  seven  prefectures, 
and  in  1872  the  population  was  returned  as  2,642.016. 

Bahawalpoor,  Ilindostan.     See  Bhawlpoor. 

Bah'doorgurh',  or  Bah^adurgarh',  a  petty  native 
state  of  India,  20  miles  W.  of  Delhi.  Area,  48  square  miles. 
Pop.  14,982. 

Bahia,  bi-ee'i,  or  Sdo  Salvador,  s5wn»  sil-vl-don', 
a  city  and  seaport  of  Brazil,  capital  of  the  state  of  the 
same  name,  beautifully  sifuati'd  in  an  elevated  position  on 
the  strip  of  land  forming  the  E.  side  of  the  entrance  to  All- 
Saints  Bay,  immediately  within  Cape  San  Antonio,  on  which 
is  a  revolving  light  140  feet  .above  sea-level;  in  lat.  13°  0' 
42"  S.,  Ion.  38°  31'  42"  W.  It  is  800  miles  N.N.E.  of  Rio  da 
Janeiro,  and  the  seat  of  the  only  archbishop  in  the  empire. 
It  is  the  terminus  of  important  railway  and  telegraph 
systems.  It  is  composed  of  two  parts,  the  upper  (altn)  and 
lower  {haixa),  connected  by  a  hydraulic  elevator  for  pas- 
sengers. There  are  railways  in  the  principal  streets.  The 
buildings  (of  stone)  are  high,  and,  though  old,  have  a 
cheerful  exterior.  The  upper  town  stands  at  an  eleva- 
tion of  several  hundred  feet  above  the  lower  town,  and 
the  streets  connecting  the  two  parts  are  consequently  very 
steep.  This  is  the  larger,  finer,  and  more  populous  part  of 
the  city.  Here  the  wealthier  classes  dwell,  and  here  are 
situated  the  most  important  public  buildings.  The  general 
aspect  of  the  upper  city  is  antique.  On  one  of  the  most 
commanding  heights  is  situated  the  finely  wooded  promen- 
ade, from  which  a  magnificent  view  can  be  obtained ;  it 
overlooks  likewise  the  city  and  bay,  towards  which  lattet 
it  is  bordered  by  a  steep  precipice. 

Bahia  exceeds  every  other  city  in  the  republic  in  the 
number  of  its  churches,  monasteries,  and  convents.  It 
is  abundantly  provided  with  public  buildings.  The  more 
important  are  the  governor's  palace ;  the  archiepiscopal 
palace,  communicating  with  the  cathedral ;  the  mint,  court- 
house, a  public  and  a  military  hospital,  an  orphan  seminary, 
a  theatre,  a  granary,  a  public  library,  a  surgical  school, 
custom-house,  arsenal,  and  various  public  warehouses. 

The  harbor  is  one  of  the  best  in  America,  and  is  suitable 
for  vessels  of  any  size.  The  commerce  of  Bahia  consists 
chiefly  in  the  export  of  sugar,  cotton,  tobacco,  rum,  hides, 
rosewood,  cofl"ee,  cacao,  and  tapioca. 

Bahia  de  Todos  os  Santos,  or  All-Saints  Bay,  was  dis- 
covered in  1503  by  Americus  Vespucius.    In  1510^  Diego 


BAH 


570 


BAI 


AItwm  CorrCa  begnn  a  fottlcmcnt,  which  he  named  SSo 
Snhrador,  subsoquontly  rooognixcd  by  the  Portuguese  gov- 
•mment  as  the  cnpitiil  of  limrjl  nnd  rcnidcnco  of  the  gov- 
•rnor-general,  the  flr»t  one,  Thoniax  do  Souza,  landing  in 
lft49.  It  oontinuod  to  be  the  eapital  till  17G3,  when  the 
Tlooroyalty  was  transferred  to  Rio  Janeiro.  The  first  print- 
ing-press was  0!<tabli8hed  in  1811,  and  the  first  sugar-mill 
Tros  introduoed  from  England  in  1815.  The  whalo-fishcrics 
of  this  oity  wore  once  the  greatest  in  the  world,  and  consid- 
«rablo  numbers  of  whales  are  still  caught  in  the  neighboring 
leas.     I'op.  in  1872,  128,92y  ;  in  1885  (estimated),  140,000. 

Unhia^  b&-co'&,  a  maritime  state  of  Urazil,  bounded 
W.  and  N.  by  Pernambuco,  from  which  it  is  separated  by 
the  Rio  S3o  Francisco.  It  Is  comprehendetl  between  lat.  9° 
20'  and  16°  36'  S..  and  Ion.  37°  20'  and  44°  50'  W. ;  esti- 
mated area,  204,803  square  miles.  The  province  is  trav- 
ersed from  S.  to  N.  by  a  mountain -range,  under  various 
names,  Almas,  Chapada,  <ic.,  at  a  distance  of  rather  more 
than  200  miles  from  the  sea,  forming  the  watershed  be- 
tween the  rivers  that  flow  E.  to  the  Atlantic  and  those  that 
flow  W.  to  the  Rio  Sao  Francisco.  Numerous  offsets  of  this 
chain  traverse  the  province.  The  principal  agricultural 
products  are  sugar,  cotton,  tobacco,  coffee,  mandioca,  rice, 
beans,  and  maize.  Among  its  products  are  Brazil-wood, 
cedar,  elemi,  copal,  and  ipecacuanha,  also  oranges,  mangoes, 
and  many  other  fruits.    Pop.  in  1888  (estimated),  1,821,089. 

Bahia  Illanca,  b&-ec'&  bl&n'k&,  an  inlet  of  the  Atlan- 
tic, on  the  E.  coast  of  South  America,  lat.  39°  S. 

Bahia  de  Todos  os  Santos.    See  Ali.-Saints  Bay. 

Bahia  Honda,  bi-eo'4  ftn'di  (i.e.,  "deep  bay"),  a 
harbor  of  Cuba,  N.  coast,  60  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Havana. 

Bahlingen,  or  Balingen,  b&'ling-^n,  a  town  of 
WUrtemborg,  on  the  Eisach,  38  miles  S.W.  of  Stuttgart. 
It  has  some  manufactures  and  trade.     Pop.  3212. 

Bahlingen,  a  village  of  Baden,  on  the  Trcisam,  N.W. 
of  Freiburg.     Pop.  2314. 

Bahn,  bAn,  a  town  of  Prussian  Pomerania,  on  the  Thue, 
23  milcj  S.  o'f  Stettin.     Pop.  3043. 

Bahnasa,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Behneseh. 

Bahr,  biu'r,  the  Arabic  name  for  a  sea,  lake,  or  river. 

Bahrein,  b&h-r&ne',  Manama,  mi-n&'m&,  or  Aval 
Island  (ano.  Ti/'los  or  Ty'rog),in  the  Persian  Gulf,  is  sur- 
rounded by  small  islands  and  by  shoals,  in  a  bay  near  the 
coast  of  Arabia,  200  miles  S.  of  Bushire.  The  capital, 
Manama,  is  in  lat.  26°  14'  N.,  Ion.  50°  36'  30"  E.  Pop. 
with  the  island  of  Maharay,  68,000  (Mohammedans). 
Bahrein  Island,  27  miles  long  and  10  miles  broad,  is  hilly 
in  the  centre,  and  only  half  of  it  is  cultivated ;  but  it  pro- 
duces abundance  of  dates  and  other  fruits,  and  a  small  quan- 
tity of  wheat,  barley,  and  clover.  The  other  chief  islands  are 
Arad,  Maharay,  and  Tamahoy.  The  pearl-fishery  here  em- 
ploys during  the  season  a  large  number  of  boats.  Principal 
exports,  pearls,  dates,  tortoise-shell,  sharks'  fins,  mats,  can- 
vas, and  colored  cloths,  sent  to  Persia,  Arabia,  India,  and 
other  countries,  in  return  for  rice,  pepper,  timber,  iron, 
spices,  coffee,  dried  fruits,  and  com.  Some  Bahrein  ships, 
of  from  140  to  350  tons  each,  are  employed  in  the  India 
trade.     The  ruler  owes  allegiance  to  Turkcj'. 

Bahr«el-Abiad,  bin'r-el-i'be-id  ("white  river"), 
the  Arabic  name  of  the  White  Nile,  which  is  the  main 
branch  of  the  Nile.  It  issues  from  Lakes  Victoria  Nyanza 
nnd  Albert  Nyanza,  which  are  under  the  equator,  but  its 
highest  sources  have  not  been  explored.  Its  general  direc- 
tion is  northward.  After  a  course  of  about  1800  miles  it 
unites  with  the  Blue  Nile  at  Khartoom,  at  lat.  15°  37'  N. 
It  is  a  sluggish  stream,  and  traverses  extensive  plains  partly 
covered  with  dense  forests  which  are  tenanted  by  the  lion, 
elephant,  hippopotamus,  buffalo,  rhinoceros,  crocodile,  and 
many  other  animals.  Above  the  mouth  of  the  Sobat  it 
passes  through  interminable  marshes  overgrown  with  tall 
reeds,  where  no  current  is  perceptible  except  during  floods. 
Among  the  forest  trees  that  abound  in  the  basin  of  this 
river  are  the  acacia,  baobab,  butter-tree,  mimosa,  palm,  and 
tamarix.  Steamboats  have  ascended  the  White  Nile  from 
Khartoom  to  Gondokoro,  about  1300  miles.  At  some  places 
the  navigation  is  obstructed  by  rafts  and  floating  islands, 
large  numbers  of  which  are  passing  down  the  stream.  "  The 
White  Nile,"  8.iys  Sir  Samuel  Baker,  "  is  a  grand  river  be- 
tween the  Sobat  junction  and  Khartoom,  and  after  passing 
to  the  S.  of  the  great  affluent  the  difference  in  the  character 
is  quickly  perceived.  We  now  enter  upon  the  region  of 
immense  flats  and  boundless  marshes  through  which  the 
river  winds  in  a  labyrinth-like  course  for  about  750  miles  to 
Gondokoro."  Its  principal  afliluents  are  the  Sobat,  coming 
from  the  E.,  and  the  Bahr-el-Ghazal,  which  enters  it  from 
the  W.  near  lat.  9°  N. 

Bahr-el-As\vad,  a  river  of  Africa.    See  Atbara. 


Bahr>eNAzrek,  b&n'r-el-&z'rek  ("blue  river"),  or 
Blue  Nile,  a  river  of  Africa,  rises  in  Abyssinia,  near  Ijukt 
Dembea  (thaough  which  it  flows),  at  an  elevation  of  about 
9000  feet.  It  runs  southeastward,  turns  to  the  rif;lit,  amj 
describes  a  large  semicircle  in  the  highlands  of  Abys^inin. 
Its  general  direction  is  northwestward.  It  intersects  Scn- 
noar,  and  unites  with  the  Bahr-el-Abiad  at  Khartuom,  hit. 
15°  37'  N.  Length,  about  900  miles.  It  is  an  iiiii)ctuoii> 
stream,  and  carries  a  large  volume  of  water  supjilicil  liv 
periodical  rains.  It  is  navigable  nearly  500  miles  durin  • 
Ligh  water.  Its  ordinary  width  varies  from  500  to  lOdi 
yards.  The  fertility  of  Lower  Egypt  is  mainly  due  to  tli- 
mud  or  sediment  carried  down  by  the  Blue  Nile  and  tin 
Atbara. 

Bahr-ol-IIoo'leh  (or  -Ilulch),  called  in  Scriptun 
"the  waters  of  Merom,"  a  lake  of  Palestine,  travcrseil  L, 
the  Jordan,  is  11  miles  N.  of  the  Sea  of  Galilee,  and  al-eiic 
800  feet  higher  in  level.  It  is  4  miles  long,  34  broad,  triin- 
gular  in  outline,  and  in  part  overgrown  with  papyrus. 

Bahr-el-AIerj,  biii'r-el-in{itj  {i.e.,  "lake  of  the  mea- 
dow"), called  also  Lake  of  Damascus,  a  marshy  lake 
of  Syria,  15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Damascus.  It  receives  the 
Barrada  River,  but  has  no  outlet. 

Bahrcnburg,  b4'r?n-b6oiiG\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Hanover,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Hoya,  on  the  Aue.     Pop.  5G7. 

Bahr-Loot,  an  Arabic  name  for  the  Dead  Sea. 

Bahr-Nil,  the  Arabic  for  the  Nile. 

Bahror,  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Alvar  state.   Pop.  521;'. 

Bahr-Tieb,  a  lake  of  Africa.     See  Debo. 

Bahr- Yoosuf  ("  Joseph's  River"),  a  stream  or  canal  in 
Egypt,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Nile,  and  parallel  to  that  river. 
The  stream  proper  is  navigable  at  high  water.  It  leaves 
the  Nile  near  Mellawee,  and  is  150  miles  long;  but  soino 
writers  apply  the  name  to  the  whole  old  system  of  western 
overflow-channels  of  the  Nile,  having  a  total  length  of  some 
350  miles.  The  Bahr- Yoosuf  is  by  some  considered  a  nat- 
ural channel. 

Bai,  bl,  a  town  of  Chinese  Toorkistan,  on  the  Moossoor 
(Mousser?),  115  miles  E.S.E.  of  Aksoo.     Pop.  about  2500. 

Baisc,  the  ancient  name  of  Baja  and  Baias. 

Baiano,  bi-i'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Avcl- 
lino,  20  miles  E.  of  Naples.     Pop.  2722. 

Baias,  Bayass,  Byass,  brdss',  or  Payas,  )>i'^-' 
(anc.  liai'ie),  a  small  town  of  N.  Syria,  65  miles  N.W.  n'. 
Aleppo,  on  the  Gulf  of  Iskanderoon.  North  of  it  are  ruin- 
of  the  ancient  town  Issus  ;  and  between  it  and  Iskanderoon, 
14  miles  southward,  was  fought  the  second  famous  battle  Id 
which  Darius  was  defeated  by  Alexander  the  Great. 

Baiboot,  Baibout,  Baibut,  bi'boot',  or  Bai* 
boort,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  65  miles  W.N.'W.  of 
Erzroom.     Pop.  3000. 

Baidyabatty,  or  Baidyabati,  bid-yH-bl'tee,  a  town 
of  Bengal,  India,  on  the  lloogly,  opposite  Barrack  poor,  nnd 
17  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Calcutta.  It  has  a  dispensary,  a 
great  trade  in  jute  and  country  produce,  and  manufactures 
of  ropes.     Pop.  13,332. 

Baie  du  Febvre,  Quebec.    See  La  Baie. 

Baicrn,  the  German  name  of  Bavaria. 

Baiersbronn,  bi'?rs-bronn\  a  village  of  Wiirtembcru, 
Black  Forest,  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  2000, 

Baiersdorf,  bi'^rs-dour,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
Regnitz,  4  miles  N.  of  Erlangen.     Pop.  1546. 

Baie  Vertc,  bd  vfint,  a  port  of  entry  in  AVcstmorcIand 
CO.,  New  Brunswick,  20  miles  from  Sackville.  Po)).  200. 
The  bay  of  this  name  is  on  the  N.  side  of  the  isthmus  con- 
necting Nova  Scotia  with  the  mainland.  It  is  intenJcd  to 
connect  it  with  the  Bay  of  Fundy  by  a  ship-canal  11  miles 
long. 

Baignes  -  Sainte  -  Radegonde,  b&No'-s&Nt'-rJ'- 
d§h*g6.\d',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Cbareiitc,  8 
miles  S.W.  of  Barbezieux.     Pop.  2266. 

Baihar,  bi'har',  a  town  of  Bengal,  district  and  5  inilei 
S.  of  Mymunsingh.     Pop.  3206. 

Baikal  (bi'kil)  Lake,  or  Holy  Sea.,  the  largest  lake 
of  Asia  (exclusive  of  the  Caspian  and  Aral  f^eas),  in  Silicriii, 
between  lat.  51°  20'  and  55°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  10.i°  and 
110°  E.  It  is  a  crescent-shaped  expansion  of  the  Angara. 
Length,  from  N.E.  to  S.W.,  397  miles ;  average  breadth,  45 
miles;  area,  12,500  square  miles;  height  above  the  sea, 
1360  feet.  Its  depth  in  the  centre  exceeds  1800  feet.  Its 
basin  is  enclosed  by  the  Baikal  Mountains  (a  spur  of  the 
Altai  system),  which  often  rise  up  precipitously  from  the 
shore.  Volcanic  agency  is  active  throughout  the  sivround- 
ing  country.  Scarcely  a  year  elapses  without  an  earthquake. 
The  lake  receives  numerous  affluents,  the  principal  of  which 
are  the  Upper  Angara,  Bargoozeen,  and  Selenga  Rivers, 
and  gives  origin  to  the  Lower  Angara,  a  chief  tributary  of 


BAI 


571 


BAI 


1  the  Yenisei.  It  contains  several  islands,  that  of  Olkhon, 
■near  the  N.  coast,  being  30  miles  in  length.     Lower  Baikal 

forms  a  part  of  the  great  commercial  lino  of  communication 
between  China  and  Russia,  and  trade  is  much  facilitated  by 
steamboats.  Its  two  ports  are  Posolskaya  and  Listwinisch- 
naya,  the  latter  being  an  excellent  harbor.  The  surface  is 
frozen  from  November  to  April.  Its  seal-,  herring-,  and 
sturgeon-fisheries  are  valuable,  and  the  golomynka  ( C'aliio- 
fii/miis  Jiaicnlensis),  a  species  of  fish,  yields  a  great  amount 

i(,'foiI. Adj.  Baikaleak  or  Baikalian,  bi-kal'e-an. 

i  Baikuntapoor,  bl-kunHa-poor',  Baikantpur,  bi- 
kfint'poor',  or  Baikathpur,  bl-kut-poor',  a  town  of  the 
Patna  district,  India,  on  the  Ganges,  10  miles  by  rail  S.E. 
of  Patna.     It  is  a  place  of  pilgrimage.     Pop.  6088. 

Bailah,  Baila,  or  Bela,  ba'13,,  a  town  of  the  Central 
Provinces,  India,  on  the  river  Wunna,  district  and  30  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Nagpoor.     Pop.  6092. 

!  BaiI'don,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West 
Riding,  7  miles  N.  of  Bradford.     Pop.  4784. 

'     Bailcii,  a  town  of  Spain.     See  Baylen. 

'     Bailey,  bfi'le,  a  county  in  the  Panhandle  of  Texas, 

^  bounded  W.  by  New  Mexico. 

Bailey,  a  post-village  of  Muskegon  co.,  Mich.,  in  Case- 
novia  township,  on  the  Grand  Rapids,  Newaygo  <fc  Lake 
Shore  Railroad,  at  County  Line  Station,  24^  miles  N.  of 
Grand  Rapids,  and  24  miles  E.  of  Muskegon.  It  has  2 
hotels  and  2  lumber-mills.     Pop.  about  250. 

Bailey,  apost-ofiice  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Mem- 
phis <fc  Charleston  Railroad,  20  miles  E.  of  Memphis. 

Bailey«  a  post-village  of  Fannin  co.,  Tex.,  in  a  rich 
cotton  section,  43  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Sherman.     It  has 

2  churches,  an  academy,  and  several  stores  and  other  busi- 
ness concerns.     Pop.  200. 

Bailey's,  ba'llz,  a  station  in  Douglas  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Lawrence  ifc  Western  Railroad,  16  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Lawrence. 

Bailey's,  a  station  in  Sherburne  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River  Branch  of  the  St.  Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad, 
17  miles  N.W.  of  Anoka. 

Bailey's,  Pennsylvania.     See  Baileysbuhg. 

Bailey's  Brook,  a  post-villnge  in  Pictou  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  23  miles  from  New  (Hasgow.     Pop.  250. 

Bailcysburg,  ba'llz-burg,  or  Bailey's,  a  village  of 
Perry  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Juniata  River,  and  on  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad,  23  miles  N.N.W.  of  Harrisburg. 

Bailey's  Corners,  Ontario.    See  Shanick. 

Bailey's  Creek,  a  post-ofiice  of  Osage  oo.,  Mo.,  9 
miles  from  Chamois  Railroad  Station. 

Bailey's  Harbor,  a  post-township  of  Door  co.,  AVis., 
on  Lake  Michigan,  about  65  miles  N.E.  of  the  town  of 
Green  Bay.     It  has  1  church.     Pop.  398. 

Bailey's  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Camden  co.,  Ga.,  on  or 
near  the  Satilla  River,  20  miles  S.  of  Waynesville.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Bailey's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  105  miles  E.  of  Columbus.  Here 
is  a  flour-mill. 

Bailey  Springs,  in  Lauderdale  co.,  Ala.,  are  9  miles 
from  Florence  and  6  miles  from  the  foot  of  the  Muscle 
Shoals.  The  springs  afford  somewhat  sulphurous  saline 
chalybeate  waters  of  high  reputation  in  the  cure  of  disease. 
The  hotel  accommodations  are  ample,  and  the  surrounding 
region  presents  attractive  scenery. 

Bailey  Station,  Mo.    See  Hanover. 

Bai'leysville,  a  post-oflSce  of  Wyoming  co.,  W.  Va. 

Bai'leytown,  a  station  in  Porter  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  37  miles  E.S.E.  of  Chicago. 

Bai'leyville,  a  post-village  of  Ogle  co.,  111.,  in  For- 
reston  township,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  7  miles 
S.  of  Froeport.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  graded  school. 

Baileyville,  a  post-village  of  Nemaha  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  St.  Joseph  &  Grand  Island  Division  of  the  Union  Pacific 
Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  Seneca.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded 
school,  and  a  patent  picket-fence  manufactory.     Pop.  200. 

Baileyville,  a  post-township  of  Washington  cc,  Me., 
on  the  St.  Croix  River,  8  or  9  miles  S.W.  of  Calais.  It  has 
manufactures  of  lumber.  Pop.  377.  Baileyville  Station  is 
on  the  St.  Croix  &  Penobscot  Railroad. 

Baileyville,  a  post-village  of  Milam  cc,  Tex.,  12  miles 
from  Calvert.     It  has  2  churches  near  it. 

Bail  Ilangal,  India.     See  Byl  Hangal. 

Bailieborough,  bi'le-bur-uh,  a  town  of  Ireland, 
CO.  and  17  miles  S.E.  of  Cavan.  Bailieborough  Castle  is  on 
the  site  of  the  ancient  castle  of  Tonregie.     Pop.  1280. 

Bailique,  an  island  of  South  America.     See  Baylique. 

Bailleul,  bi^yuh',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Kord,  near  the  Belgian  frontier,  at  the  junction  of  several 


railways,  9  miles  E.  of  Hazebrouck.  It  is  well  built,  nnd 
has  the  aspect  of  a  Flemish  town.  It  has  manufactures  of 
woollens,  cottons,  lace,  beet  sugar,  and  oil.     Pop.  12,828. 

Bailleul,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Sarthc,  /J 
miles  N.W.  of  La  Fleche.     Pop.  1050. 

BaiI'lie  Settlement,  a  post-settlement  in  Charlotto 
CO.,  New  Brunswick,  30  miles  by  rail  N.  of  St.  Andrews. 
PoT).  700. 

Baily  (bi'le)  Islands,  the  most  southerly  of  the 
Bonin  group,  in  the  Pacific.     Lat.  26°  30'  N.;  Ion.  142°  E. 

Baimocz,  or  Bajmocz,  bi'mots',  a  town  of  Hungary, 
40  miles  N.E.  of  Neutra.     Pop.  840.     It  has  warm  baths. 

Bain,  bdN<>,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Ille-et- 
Vilaine,  18  miles  S.  of  Rennes.     Pop.  4266. 

Bain,  a  mountain-range  of  Asia.    Sec  Bayan. 

Bain'bridge,  a  city,  capital  of  Decatur  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Flint  River,  at  the  W.  terminus  of  the  Atlantic  A  Gulf 
Railroad  (main  line),  236  miles  W.S.W.  of  Savannah.  It 
has  4  churches,  a  bank,  and  2  weekly  newspapers.  Steam- 
boats ply  between  this  place  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 
Pop.  about  2000. 

Bainbridge,  a  township,  Schuyler  co..  111.    Pop.  1200. 

Bainbridge,  a  post-village  of  Williamson  co.,  111.,  15 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Carbondale.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Bainbridge,  a  township  of  Dubois  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  (in- 
cluding Jasper),  2385. 

Bainbridge,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  Railroad,  50  miles  S.  of 
Lafayette.  It  has  5  churches,  an  academy,  a  flour-mill; 
a  saw-  and  planing-mill,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop. 
about  700. 

Bainbridge,  a  posfr-office  of  Christian  co.,  Ky. 

Bainbridge,  a  post-township  of  Berrien  co.,  Mieh., 
about  100  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lansing,  and  6  miles  from  Ben- 
ton Harbor.     It  has  6  churches.     Pop.  1418. 

Bainbridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  Mo.,  about 
28  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Joseph.     It  has  a  church. 

Bainbridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harlan  co..  Neb.,  on 
Turkey  Creek,  39  miles  S.S.W.  of  Kearney  Junction. 

Bainbridge,  a  post-village  of  Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Susquehanna  River,  in  Bainbridge  township,  and  on  tho 
Albany  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  34  miles  N.E.  of  Bing. 
hamton,  and  108  miles  W.S.W.  of  Albany.  It  has  4  or  5 
churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  oflBce,  an  academy,  and  some 
iron-works.     Pop.  681 ;  of  the  township,  1931. 

Bainbridge,  a  township  of  Geauga  co.,  0.  It  ha*  a 
church  and  3  cheese-factories.  Pop.  060.  BisscH's  Post- 
Ofiice  is  in  this  township. 

Bainbridge,  a  post-village  of  Ross  co.,  0.,  on  Paint 
Creek,  19  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chillicothe,  and  about  70  miles 
E.  by  N.  from  Cincinnati.  It  has  4  churches,  2  flouring- 
mills,  a  high  school,  and  a  bank.     Pop.  647. 

Bainbridge,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  in 
Conoy  township,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Co* 
lumbia  Branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  18  miles  S.E. 
of  Harrisburg,  and  91  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  4 
churches.     Pop.  762. 

Bain'chee,avillageof  Bengal,  Hoogly  district,  20  miles 
by  rail  N.AV.  of  Hoogly.     It  has  brass-works.     Pop.  4538. 

Baindt,  bint,  a  village  of  WUrtcmberg,  5  miles  N.N.E; 
of  Ravensburg,  with  a  castle,  formerly  an  abbey  of  the  Cis- 
tercians, founded  in  1238.     Pop.  643. 

Bains,  biuo  (i.e.,  the  ''  baths"),  a  village  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Vosges,  13  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Epinal.  It  is 
much  frequented  for  its  baths.     Pop.  2348. 

Bains,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  PyrCn^cs* 
Orientales,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Ceret.     Pop.  1800. 

Bains,  or  Bain,  b&N<>,  a  village  of  France,  departmcat 
of  lile-et-Vilaine.     Pop.  2700. 

Bains  de  Rennes,  bin"  deh  r<?nn,  a  village  of  France> 
department  of  Aude,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Limoux.     Pop.  315. 

Bains-du-Mont-d'Or,  b4N>'*-dU*-miN">'-doR',  a  vil- 
lage of  Frivnce,  Puy-de-D6me,  20  miles  W.  of  Issoire. 
Pop.  1193. 

Baiocasses,  an  ancient  name  of  Bayeux. 

Bair,  a  station  in  York  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Hanover  &  York 
Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of  York. 

Bairamitsh,  bi-ri-mitch'  or  bi-ri-meetch',  a  town  ol 
Asia  Minor,  25  miles  N.AV.  of  Adramyti.  ' 

Baird,  an  incorporated  post-town,  capital  of  Callahan 
CO.,  Tex.,  on  the  Texas  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  21  miles  E.  of 
Abilene.  It  contains  5  churches,  a  national  bank,  fin« 
public  schools,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  1000. 

Baird's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilson  co.,  Tenn.,  7 
miles  from  Lebiinon.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  flouring-milll 

Bairds'town,  a  post- village  of  Oglethorpe  co.,  Ga.j 
about  30  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Athens.     It  has  a  church. 


BAT 


672 


BAK 


IluirdatOWDf  a  nost-villago  of  Wood  oo.,  0.,  in  Bloom 
tv)wn.Hhip,  on  tho  Baltimoro  &  Ohio  llAilruiul,  41  wiles  E. 
of  Doflnnco.     It  has  2  churohos,  1  planing-mill,  Ac. 

UairdcttoWD)  a  village  of  We«tinoreland  oo.,  Pa.,  in 
Derry  t(>wn:«bi|>,  un  the  Couomaugh  liirer,  }  of  a  mile  from 
Vlairsvillo.     I'u]).  obout  260. 

Ilairoa«  a  town  uf  India.    Sco  BrniA. 

Baireuth,  bi'ruth  (Ger.  pron.  bi'roit),  a  city  of  Bava- 
.ria,aapital  of  Upper  Frnnoonia,  on  the  Rod  Main,  126  miles 
N.  of  Munich.  Lat.  4l)°  56'  N. ;  Ion.  11°  38'  E.  It  is  an 
important  railway  junction,  is  well  built,  and  has  public 
fountains  and  promenades,  a  palace,  opera-house,  riding- 
Mohool,  theatre,  a  Protestant  consistory,  gymnasiiv,  gram- 
mar and  diocesan  schools,  manufactures  of  cotton  and 
woollen  cloths,  tobacco  and  pipes,  parchment,  leather,  and 
porcelain.  Baircuth  was  formerly  the  ca))ital  of  a  niar- 
graviate.  In  tho  neighborhood  are  the  palaces  Fantaisie 
and  Hermitage.  The  first  is  surrounded  by  gardens,  which 
nro  a  favorite  resort  of  tho  inhabitants.  In  the  last  is 
shown  the  apartment  of  Frederick  the  Great,  and  hero  his 
sister,  tho  margravine,  wrote  her  memoirs.  In  a  cemetery 
at  tho  entrance  of  the  town  is  a  monument  erected  to  Jean 
Paul  Friodrioh  llichter,  who  died  hero  in  1825.  Baircuth 
has  of  late  been  conspicuous  as  the  place  of  Wagner's  musi- 
cal festivals.     Pop.  iu  1890,  24,.364. 

Bairoiit,  or  Bairut,  Syria.    See  BKvnooT. 

Ilairro,  bi'no,  a  village  of  Brazil,  province  of  Sao  Paulo, 
4  miles  N.  of  Sao  Seb.istiao.  It  has  a  convent  of  Fran- 
oisnins,  and  the  inhabitants,  all  Indians,  arc  fishermen, 

Bairro  das  Silveiras,  bi'Ro  dis  sccl-vi'c-r&s,  a  vil- 
lage of  Brazil,  on  tho  N.E.  frontiers  of  the  province  of  Sao 
Paulo,  near  the  town  of  Lorona.     Pop.  2000, 

Bais,  b^,  a  village  of  Franco,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Ma- 
yenne,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Maycnno.     Pop.  2136. 

Bais,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Illo-ct-Vilaine, 
0  miles  S.S.W.  of  Vitre.     Pop.  3017. 

Baise,  or  Bayzc,  bize  or  bfiz,  a  river  of  France,  flows 
N.  through  the  departments  of  Hautes-Pyren6e3,  Gors,  and 
Ilaute-Garonne,  and  joins  tho  Garonne  near  Aiguillon. 
Length,  145  miles.  The  towns  of  Mirande,  Valence,  Con- 
dom, and  N6rac  are  on  its  banks. 

Baisieux,  bd*ze-uh',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Nord,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Lannoy.     Pop.  2020, 

Baiso,  bi'so,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Emilia,  20  miles  S.  of 
Reggio.     Pop.  3403, 

Baisy-Thy,  bi*zce*-teo',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Bra- 
bant, 15  miles  S.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  2340. 

Bait'ing  IloI'low,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Riverhead  township,  6  miles  from  Riverhead.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  broom-factory.     Pop.  about  450. 

Baitool,  or  Betul,  bd'tool',  a  district  of  tho  Central 
Provinces,  British  India,  in  a  hill  country,  with  great  forests; 
about  lat.  21°  20'-22°  35'  N.,  Ion.  77°  20'-78°  35'  E.  Cap- 
ital, Budnoor,     Area,  4118  square  miles.    Pop.  284,055. 

Baitool,  or  BetuI,  a  town  of  India,  in  the  above  dis- 
trict, 112  miles  N.W.  of  Nagpoor.     Pop.  4466. 

Baix,  hhx.  or  bA.  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
ArdSche,  7  miles  E.  of  Privas.     Pop.  1224. 

Baixas,  bSx'is',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Pyro- 
n6cs-0rientales,  6  miles  N.  of  Perpignan.  Pop.  2621. 
.  B^Utl^  boh'yoh',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Bacs,  on  the 
Danube,  90  miles  S.  of  Pesth.  It  has  a  gymnasium,  Roman 
Catholic  and  Greek  churches,  a  synagogue,  diocesan  school, 
castle,  and  a  large  market  for  hogs.     Pop.  18,110. 

Baja,  bi'yi,  a  town  of  Moldavia,  on  the  Moldava,  65 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Yassy. 

Baja,  bi'yi  (L.  liai'm),  an  ancient  city  of  Italy,  10 
iniles  W.  of  Naples,  on  the  Bay  of  Baja.  Pop.  800.  Baix 
was  a  principal  port  and  favorite  watering-place  of  the 
ancient  Romans. 

Baja  California,the  Spanish  for  LowEU  CALiroRNiA. 

Bajada  de  Santa  Fe,  bi-iii'THi  di  sin'ti  fi,  or  Pa- 
rana, p4-rd-nJl',  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  capital 
of  Ilntre  Rios,  on  the  Rio  Parand,  nearly  opposite  Santa 
F6,  and  240  miles  above  Buenos  Ayres.     Pop.  6000. 

•  Baia  de  Rama,  b^'yjl  dA  rJl'mi,  a  town  of  Wallachia, 
68  miles  N.W.  of  Krajova. 

•  Bajanr,  or  Bajour,  bVjawr',  a  district  of  Afghanis- 
tan, in  lat.  .'55°  N.  and  between  Ion,  71°  and  72°  E.,  sepa- 
rated from  tho  llindoo-Koosh  range  on  the  N.  by  Kafiris- 
tan  and  Chitral.  Estimated  area,  370  square  miles.  Pop. 
120,000.  It  is  a  fertile  plain,  enclosed  by  mountains  cov- 
ered with  forests  and  yielding  iron  ore  of  good  quality. 

BfUAQr*  or  Bajour,  a  town  and  capital  of  the  above, 
130  miles  N.E.  of  Cabool.  Lat.  34°  50'  N.;  Ion.  71°  30'  E. 
Pop.  5000. 

BfUazid)  a  town  of  Armenia.    See  Batazeed. 


BaJibo,  or  Bivjicbo,  b&-jee'bo,  Old  and  New,  two 
towns  of  Western  Africa,  on  opposite  banlu  of  tho  Niger. 
Lat.  9°  31'  N. ;  Ion.  4°  25'  E. 

B^mocz,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Baimocz, 

Bajniok,  or  Bivjinak,  boh'eo-mok\  a  town  of  Hun- 
gary, CO,  of  Biics,  13  miles  by  rail  W,S.W.  of  Thercsicn- 
stiMlt.     Pop.  6446, 

BlOna,  buh'ee-n5h\  a  town  of  Hungary,  co,  and  16  milct 
S,W,  of  Gran.     Pop.  2010. 

Bakabanya,  bOVkOh^b&n'ySh',  a  mining  town  of  Hun- 
gary, co.  of  Hont,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Schemnitz.    Pop.  3207. 

Isakanair,  a  town  and  state  of  India.  Sco  Bickankkk. 

Bakau,  or  Bacau,  b&^kOw',  written  also  Bakovn 
and  Bakoo,  a  town  of  Roumania,  in  Moldavia,  on  a  mil 
way,  50  miles  W.S.W.  of  Yassy.  It  has  a  fine  church,  a  mon- 
astery, a  promenade,  and  some  fine  houses.     Pop.  13,118. 

Bakcer-  (or  Bakir-)  Chai,  bi'keer'chi  (i.e.,  "cop- 
per river")  (ano.  Cai'cun),  a  river  of  Asia  Minor,  falling  into 
the  Gulf  of  SandaHce,  in  lat.  38°  45'  N.,  Ion.  27°  E. 

Bakeer-Kooreh-Scc,  or  Bakir-Kurch«Si,  bV- 
keer'-koo'r^h-see  (i.e.,  "copper  district"),  a  small  town  of 
Asia  Minor,  near  the  Black  Sea,  70  miles  W.S.W.  of  Sinope, 
It  is  supposed  to  bo  the  Sandracnr' gium  of  Strabo. 

BaM<el',  a  walled  town  of  Senegal,  with  a  largo  stone 
fortress  and  a  French  garrison,  on  tho  Senegal,  350  milei 
E.S.E.  of  St.  Louis.     It  is  an  important  mart.     Pop,  24i^5. 

Bake  Oven,  a  post-ofiice  of  Wasco  co,,  Oregon, 

Ba'ker,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Florida,  has  an 
area  of  about  625  square  miles.  It  is  partly  drained  by  St. 
Mary's  River,  The  surface  is  nearly  level;  the  soil  is 
mostly  sandy.  Cotton  and  Indian  com  are  cultivated  hero. 
The  Jacksonville,  Pensacola  &  Mobile  Railroad  passes  along 
the  S,  border  of  the  county.  Capital,  Maclenny.  Pop,  in 
1870,  1325;  in  1880,  2303:  in  1890,  3333, 

Baker,  a  county  in  the  S,W,  part  of  Georgia,  has  an 
area  of  about  420  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.K, 
by  the  Flint  River,  navigable  by  steamboats.  The  surface 
is  level,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests;  the  soil  is 
fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  stnple  products. 
Capital,  Newton.  Pop.  in  1870,  6843;  in  1S80,  7303;  in 
1890,  6144, 

Baker,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Oregon,  bordering 
on  Idaho.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Snake  or  Lewis 
River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Malheur,  Powder,  and 
Owyhee  Rivers.  Tho  surface  is  mountainous  or  hilly,  the 
Blue  Mountains  forming  its  W.  boundary.  The  Burnt  :ind 
South  Fork  Rivers  rise  in  these  mountains  and  flow  thnni^'h 
the  county  in  an  irregular  course,  both  finally  joining  the 
Powder  River  in  the  N.  The  Union  Pacific  Railroad  trav- 
erses the  county  from  N.  to  S.E.  This  county  has  exienr 
sive  gold-mines,  mostly  of  the  placer  class.  Silver  is  also 
found  here,  Ciipital,  Baker  City.  Pop,  in  1870,  2804;  in 
1880,  4616;  in  1890,  6764. 

Baker,  a  township  of  Martin  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1018, 

Baker,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  456. 

Baker,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Iowa,  about  J» 
miles  N.  of  Fairfield. 

Baker,  a  post-town  of  Brown  co.,  Kansas,  8  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Hiawatha.  It  has  3  churches  and  several  stores. 
Pop.  about  500. 

Baker,  a  post-ofiBce  of  St,  Clair  co.,  Mo.,  22  miles  from 
Clinton, 

Baker,  a  post-hamlet  of  Davidson  co,,  Tenn,,  7  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Nashville, 

Baker  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Baker  co.,  Ore- 
gon, on  the  Powder  River,  about  3i(0  miles  E.  of  Salem. 
It  has  5  churches,  an  academy,  a  public  school,  and  2  dnily 
and  3  weekly  newspapers.  It  is  surrounded  by  high  moun- 
tains.    Pop.  in  1890,  2604. 

Baker  Island,  in  the  Pacific  (lat.  0°  13'  30"  N.;  Ion, 
176°  29'  30"  W,),  was  taken  possession  of  by  the  United 
States  in  1857.  It  affords  much  guano.  Water  is  obtained 
from  the  sea  by  distillation.  The  anchorage  is  unsafe.  The 
island  has  a  movable  wharf,  and  is  not  inhabited. 

Baker's,  a  station  in  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsyl- 
vania <fe  Delaware  Railroad,  2  miles  from  Avondale, 

Baker's,  a  station  in  Davidson  co.,  Tenn.,  18  miles  N. 
of  Nashville,  on  the  Louisville  <t  Nashville  Railroad. 

Baker's  Bridge,  New  York.     See  Alfukd, 

Baker's  Corner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co,,  Ind., 
in  Adams  township,  28  miles  N,  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  a 
church. 

Baker's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  White  co., 
Tenn.,  29  miles  from  McMinnville. 

Baker's  Falls,  of  the  Hudson  River,  are  situated  on 
the  border  of  Sandy  Hill  town*>hip.  Washington  co.,  N.Y. 
The  river  here  descends  70  feet  in  about  100  rods. 


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Ba'kersfield,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Kern  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Kern  River,  and  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  in 
a  fine  stock-raising  and  fruit-growing  section,  300  miles 
S.E.  of  Siin  Francisco.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  4  news- 
paper offices,  railroad-car-sh(ips,  planing-  and  flour-mills, 
and  fruit-packing  establishments.     Pop.  in  1890,  2626. 

Bakersfieid,  a  post-village  of  Ozark  co.,  Mo.,  20  miles 
B.B.  of  Gainesville.     It  has  3  churches. 

Bakersfield,  a  post-town  of  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Bakersfield  township,  about  15  miles  E.  of  St.  Albans.  It 
ban  3  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  manufiiotory  of  sash  and 
blinds.     Pop.  1403. 

Baker's  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  co.,  Tcnn.,  10 
miles  S.  of  Mountain  City. 

Baker's  Island,  Ilnncock  co..  Me.,  a  small  island  in 
Bluehill  Bay,  about  24  miles  E.  of  Belfast. 
i    Baker's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet,  Rockingham  co.,  Va.,  3^ 
miles  from  Broadway  Station.    It  has  a  church,  saw-mill,  Ac. 

Baker's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.Y.,  7 
miles  W.  of  Riverside  Station. 

Baker's  Park,  Col.,  is  on  the  Animas  River,  nearly 
adjacent  to  Silverton,  and  is  surrounded  by  high  mountains 
of  the  San  Juan  range.  It  is  the  centre  of  a  great  silver- 
mining  district,  is  about  9  miles  long  and  1  or  2  miles  wide, 
and  is  the  great  and  important  feature  of  this  region. 
(See  Ilayden's  Report  for  1874.) 

Baker's  Port,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Hopkins 
CO.,  Ky.,  82  miles  E.  of  Paducah.  It  is  on  the  Louisville, 
Paducah  &  Southwestern  Railroad. 

Baker's  River,  a  small  river  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H., 
runs  southeastward,  and  enters  the  Pemigowasset  River 
about  1  mile  above  Plymouth. 

Baker's  Run,  a  post-office  of  Hardy  co.,  W.  Va. 

Baker's  Suminit,  a  poKt-hamlet  of  Bedford  co..  Pa., 
Pi  miles  from  Roaring  Spring  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Ba'kerstown,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  18 
miles  N.  of  Alleghany,  on  the  Pittsburg  <fe  Western  Railway. 
Jt  has  2  churches,  several  stores,  and  other  business  places. 

Ba'kcrsville,  a  post-village  of  Litchfield  co.,  Conn.,  in 
New  Hartford  township,  about  20  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Hart- 
ford.    It  has  a  church  and  2  steam  saw-mills. 

Bakersville,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Md., 
about  10  miles  S.  of  Hagerstown. 

Bakersville,  a  hamlet  of  Ozark  co..  Mo.,  100  miles 
S.E.  of  Marshfleld.     It  has  a  flour-mill, 

Bakersville,  a  hamlet  of  Atlantic  co.,  N.J.,  9  miles 
from  Absecon.     It  has  3  stores,  and  a  church. 

Bakersville,  a  post-village,  capita)  of  Mitchell  co., 
N.C.,  36  wiles  N.  by  \V.  of  Marion.  It  is  surrounded  by 
high  mountains,  and  has  a  church  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Bakersville,  a  post-village  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.,  in 
Adams  township,  about  33  miles  S.  of  Massillon.  It  has  3 
cliurches,  a  flour-mill,  a  woollen-factory,  a  wagon-  and  car- 
riage factory,  public  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop. 
aliout  400. 

Bakersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co..  Pa.,  about 
5t  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Ba'kerton,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Cumberland  River,  about  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Glasgow. 

Ba'kerville,  a  post-village  of  Humphreys  co.,  Tenn., 
15  miles  from  Waverly  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church, 
a  .«teiim-mill,  a  plough-factory,  and  several  stores. 

Bakeweli,  bik'well,  a  town  and  railway  station  of 
England,  co.  of  Derby,  on  the  Wye,  near  the  Derwent,  8 
miles  N.W.  of  Matlock,  and  25  miles  N.N.W.  of  Derby. 
Cliatsworth,  the  princely  seat  of  the  Duke  of  Devonshire, 
is  in  the  parish,  and  Haddon  Hall  is  near.  It  is  noted  for 
its  mineral  springs  and  old  church.     Pop.  2748. 

Bakhchee-Sarai,  Bakhtchi-Sarai,  or  Bakh- 
tschi-Saraj,  biK^chee-sa-ri',  written  also  Bagtche- 
Serai,  bi\g*chee-s§-ri',  a  town  of  Russia,  in  the  Crimea,  on 
the  Choruk,  15  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Simferopol.  It  is  the 
capital  in  which  the  Tartar  sovereigns  of  the  peninsula  long 
held  sway  as  tributaries  of  Turkey.  The  town  stands  at 
the  bottom  of  a  valley  hemmed  in  by  precipitous  rocks  and 
watered  by  a  rivulet,  and  consists  almost  entirely  of  a  single 
street,  lined -with  bazaars  and  workshops.  It  contains  35 
mosques,  and  is  adorned  with  numerous  fountains.  The 
Karaite  Jews  carry  on  considerable  trade  in  stuff  goods, 
mercery,  and  colonial  produce.  The  old  palace  of  the  khans, 
a  singular  edifice,  is  in  good  repair.  Pop.  10,528,  the  ma- 
jority of  whom  are  of  Tartar  blood ;  the  rest  are  Russians, 
Greeks,  Armenians,  and  Jews. 

Bakhmoot,  Bakhmout,  or  Bakhmut,  b&khnoot', 
ft  town  of  Russia,  120  miles  E.  of  Yckaterinoslav.  Pop. 
16,791.  It  has  coal-mines,  and  an  extensive  trade  in  horses 
and  cattle,  and  was  formerly   very  important  and  for- 


tified.     In   the  vicinity  are  the  remains  of  an  ancient 
Tartar  wall. 
Bakhoba,  a  tribe  of  Africa.     See  N'gami. 
Bakhra,  baKVi',  a  town  of  India,  Muzuflerpoor  dis- 
trict, Bengal,  22  miles  W.  of  Muzufferpoor.     It  has  a  distil- 
lery, saltpetre-warehouse,  mosques,  and  temples.  Pop.  3372. 
Bakhtegan,  or  Bakhteghan,  b&K:'ti-Gd,n',  Lake, 
in  Persia,  province  of  Fars,  50  miles  E.  of  Sheeraz,  is  60 
miles  in  length  from  E.  to  AV.,  with  an  average  breadth  of 
8  miles.     It  is  in  part  a  salt-marsh.     It  receives  at  its  W. 
extremity  the  Bundemcer  River.     The  lake  yields  for  traf- 
fic a  large  quantity  of  salt,  and  has  no  outlet. 

Bakhtiyari  (biK-tee-yi'rce^)  Mountains,  a  range 
of  mountains  in  Southwestern  Persia,  extending  parallel  to 
the  rocky  ranges  of  Awa  and  Laristan.  The  highest  of 
these  rise  about  1000  feet  above  their  base. 

Bakir-Chai  River.    See  Bakeer-Chai. 

Bakir-Kureh-Si.    See  Bakeer-Kooreh-See. 

Bakony-Wald,  boh^kon'  (or  bi-ko'nee)  ^S,lt  (Gcr. 
Bakoiiyer-Wald,  bi-k6n'y§r--A-3,lt\  i.e.,  "Forest  of  Bar 
kony"),  a  mountain-range  of  Hungary,  S.  of  the  Danube, 
between  the  Raab  River  and  Lake  Balatony.  Average  ele- 
vation, 2000  feet. 

Bakoo,  Bakou,  or  Baku,  b&^koo',  written  also 
Badku,  a  town  of  Russia,  capital  of  the  government  of 
Bakoo,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  peninsula  of  Apsheron  and  W, 
coast  of  the  Caspian  Sea,  of  which  it  is  one  of  the  most  fre- 
quented ports.  Lat.  40°  21'  N. ;  Ion.  49°  51'  6"  E.  It  stands 
on  a  declivity,  the  summit  of  which  is  crowned  by  the  pair 
ace  of  the  former  khans.  It  is  defended  by  a  double  wall  and 
deep  ditch  constructed  in  the  time  of  Peter  the  Great,  and 
has  strong  forts.  The  town  is  ill  built,  streets  narrow  and 
crooked,  and  the  houses  small.  The  Maiden's  Tower,  a 
light-house,  is  the  most  striking  object  in  the  place.  There 
are  several  spacious  mosques,  public  squares,  marts,  and  car- 
avansaries, a  Greek  and  an  Armenian  church,  and  somo 
Tartar  schools.  The  chief  exports  of  the  town  are  naphtha, 
salt,  and  safi'ron  j  in  return  for  which  it  receives,  chiefly 
from  Persia,  raw  silk  and  cotton,  rich  carpets  and  shawls, 
rice,  <tc.,  and  from  Europe  ironware,  cutlery,  cotton,  linen, 
and  woollen  goods.  The  adjacent  island  of  Salian  has  im- 
portant fisheries.  The  peninsula  of  Apsheron  is  celebrated 
for  its  petroleum  springs.  In  ancient  times  it  was  held  in 
the  highest  veneration  by  the  Guebers  or  Parsees,  and  fre- 
quented by  thousands  of  pilgrims.  (See  Atesii-Ga.)  They 
still  have  temples  here,  and  many  of  them  spend  their  days 
in  worship  and  in  penitential  exercises.     Pop.  12,383. 

Bakoo,  Baku,  or  Bakova,  Roumania.    See  Bakau. 

Bakoo,  or  Baku,  bi-koo',  a  government  of  Transcau- 
casia, Asiatic  Russia,  bounded  E.  by  the  Caspian.  Capital, 
Bakoo.     Area,  15,092  square  miles.     Pop.  515,560. 

Bakooba,  or  Bakuba,  bl-koo'bi,  a  town  of  Turkey, 
vilayet  of  Bagdad,  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bagdad.  It  is  noted 
for  its  fine  dates  and  rich  pasturage.     Pop.  4000. 

Bakou,  towns  of  Russia.    Sec  Bakoo. 

Bakova,  a  town  of  Roumania.    See  Bakap. 

Bakthian,  a  town  of  Anam.    See  Ketcuo. 

Baktshi-Serai.     See  Bakhchee-Sarai. 

Bala,  bi'li,  one  of  the  largest  of  the  Batoo  Islands; 
called  also  Poolo  Bala. 

Bala,  bi'li,  a  township  and  market-town  of  Wales,  co. 
of  Merioneth,  near  Bala  Lake.     Pop.  1539. 

Bal'a,  a  post- village  of  Riley  co.,  Kansas,  in  Bala  town- 
ship, about  22  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Junction  City.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  of  township,  463. 

Bala,  bah'lah,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa., 
16  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Philadelphia.     It  has  a  church. 

Balabac,  hi  li-b&k',  an  island,  one  of  the  Philippines, 
30  miles  S.  of  Palawan.     Lat.  7°  59'  N. ;  Ion.  117°  3'  E. 

Bala>Bagh,  bi'li-bio',  a  town  of  Afghanistan,  13 
miles  W.  of  Jelalabad.     It  is  famous  for  its  fruits. 

BaMabaPagau',  BaMabaPaga',  or  Little  Pa'- 
ternosters,  a  group  of  islands  in  Macassar  Strait,  be- 
tween Borneo  and  Celebes. 

Balabgarh,  a  town  of  India.    See  Bulubgdrh. 

Balachef,  or  Balachev.    See  Balashev. 

Balachua,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Balakhna. 

Balaclava,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Balaklava. 

BaPadau',  McDonald  co.,  Mo.    See  Indian  Springs. 

Balagansk,  bd.M3.-g&nsk',  a  town  of  Siberia,  on  tho 
Angara,  110  miles  N.W.  of  Irkootsk.     Pop.  1035, 

BaPaghaut',  or  The  Baraghauts%  a  district  of 
the  Central  Provinces,  British  India.  Lat.  21°-23°  N. ;  Ion. 
8°-81°  E.  It  consists  in  part  of  a  high  plateau  covered 
with  extensive  forests.  Area,  2608  square  miles.  Tho 
southern  portion  of  Berar  is  also  called  Balaghaut;  and 
the  same  name  is  given  to  other  sub-alpine  tracts  in  India. 


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574 


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BnlRRramOf  a  town  of  India.    See  Brlorau. 

llalai^iicr^  bi-lA-gaiR'  («no.  lienjn'tiu),  a  town  of 
B|nun,  10  luilos  N.K.  of  Lcrida,  on  the  Sogre.  It  is  waited, 
■nd  hiis  a  ct>llcgc,  a  hospital,  and  a  castle.     Pop.  6128. 

Bnlngubrcs,  b&'l&'gniit',  a  town  and  commune  of  Prance, 
dcnartinont  of  Ari6ge.     Pop.  IIUU. 

lialak«IIi8Nnr,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Baukerr. 

llalakhna,  b&-l&K'nil,  a  town  of  Itusgia,  government 
of  nnd  about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Nizhnce-Novgorod,  on  the 
riglit  bank  of  the  Volga,  where  it  is  joined  by  the  Oosola. 
It  hii«  a  rampart  of  civrth,  with  a  deep  fos.se,  contains  15 
churches  nnd  a  convent,  and  has  trade  in  grain.     Pop.  3833. 

Unlaklava,  or  Balaclava,  b&-lil-kl&'v&,  a  town  of 
Kusfia,  in  the  Crimea,  on  the  Black  Sea,  38  miles  S.S.AV.  of 
Simfcmpol.  Lat.  44°  29'  N. ;  Ion.  33°  34'  40"  E.  It  has  a 
gooil  port,  completely  sheltered  by  lofty  hills,  with  a  fortress, 
and  is  inhabited  chiefly  by  Greeks.  Balaklava  is  the  port 
of  the  Lritrif/oiiuniH,  nt  which  Ulysses  is  said  to  have 
touched;  and  the  description  of  the  bay  given  by  Homer  is 
graphic  and  correct.  Under  the  Genoese  it  was  called  Bella 
Cala,  or  Cembalo,  the  latter  a  modification  of  the  ancient 
appellation  Si/mbulon.  Pop.  742.  Here  a  sharp  action  was 
fought  between  the  English  and  Russians,  October  2i>,  1854. 

Bala  (b&'la)  Lake,  or  Pim'blemerc,  the  largest 
lake  in  North  AValcs,  co.  of  Merioneth.  Length,  about  4 
miles  ;  breadth,  1  mile.    The  river  Dee  issues  from  this  lake. 

Balambangan,  bH-I&m-biVng-giln',  an  island  of  the 
Malay  Archipelago,  off  the  N.  extremity  of  Borneo.  Lat. 
7°  19'  N.;  Ion.  116°  59'  E.     It  is  uninhabited. 

Balan,  bi^liv',  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Ar- 
dennes, li  miles  S.E.  of  Sedan.     Pop.  1550. 

Balanga,  bi-l&ng'gi,  a  town  of  Luzon,  on  the  W.  side 
of  the  Bay  of  Manila. 

Bal'an|^uinc%  or  Ban^ging'ee,  one  of  the  Sooloo 
Islands.  Lat.  5°  57'  30"  N.;  Ion.  121°  39'  E.  The  island 
was  once  a  haunt  of  pirates.     It  now  belongs  to  Spain. 

Balapoor,  or  Balapur,  India.    See  Ballapoor. 

Balarnc-lcs-Bains,  biMi'riik'-li-bi^v,  a  village  of 
France,  in  Hcrault,  with  hot  sulphur-springs.     Pop.  745. 

Balasfalva,  boh'losh'f^l'voa^atown  of  Transylvania, 
18  miles  N.E.  of  Karlsburg,  is  the  residence  of  a  Greek 
bishop,  and  has  a  gymnasium  and  normal  school.  P.  1200. 
■  Balashcv,  or  Balachef,  bl-li-shdP,  a  town  of  Rus- 
sia, government  and  125  miles  W.  of  Saratov.     Pop.  7186. 

Bai^asinorc',  a  small  native  state  of  India,  in  Gu- 
ierat.  Area,  258  square  miles.  Pop.  41,985.  Its  capital, 
Balasinore,  is  48  miles  N.  of  J3aroda. 

BaPasore',  or  BaPasor',  a  district  of  Orissa,  British 
India,  lat.  20°  43'  5U"-21°  5(5'  30"  N.,  Ion.  86°  18'  40"-87° 
30'  20"  E.,  on  the  Bay  of  Bengal.  It  is  an  alluvial  region, 
divided  into  the  Salt  Tract,  near  the  sea,  the  Arable  Tract 
or  Rico  country,  and  the  Submontane  or  Jungle  tract. 
Capital,  Bala^ore.     Area,  2028  square  miles.    Pop.  770,232. 

Balasore,  or  Valeswa'ra,  a  town  of  India,  capital 
of  the  above,  on  the  Boorabullung  River,  16  miles  from  its 
mouth.     Pop.  18,263. 

Balassa-(>yarniath,  b5hM6sh'shoh*-dyoR'm5t',  a 
town  of  Hungary,  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  6435. 

Bal'atun,  a  post-village  of  Lyon  co.,  Minn.,  13  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Tracy.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  creamery. 
Pop.  300. 

Balatony,  bl'I6h*ton\  or  Balaton  Lake  (Ger.  PUtt- 
ten-See,  plit't^n-sA' ;  nnc.  PeUo),  the  largest  lake  in  Hun- 
gary, 55  miles  S.W.  of  Pesth.  Length,  from  S.W.  to  N.E., 
46  miles;  greatest  breadth,  about  10  miles.  Its  waters  are 
slightly  sivlt.  It  is  navigated  by  steamboats.  This  great 
lake,  or  submerged  marsh,  receives  upwards  of  30  streams, 
the  largest  of  which  is  the  Szala ;  and  its  surplus  waters  are 
carrictl  to  the  Danube  by  the  Sio  and  Sarviz. 

Balayan,  b&-l<\-yin',  a  bay  in  the  island  of  Luzon, 
opposite  the  N.  end  of  Mindoro  Island,  about  9  miles  long 
by  6  broad.   A  village  of  the  same  name  lies  N.  of  the  bay. 

Balayan,  a  province  of  Luzon.     See  Bataxgas. 

Balaz6,  biMa'zA',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Loire,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Vitr6.     Pop.  1827. 

Balbec,  a  town  of  Syria.    See  Baalbec. 

BaPbec,  a  post-office  of  Jay  co.,  Ind.,  about  40  miles  S. 
of  Fort  Wayne. 

Bal  birnie,  bdl-bir'nee,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife, 
7i  miles  N.  of  Kirkcaldy,  on  the  Leven. 

Balbrig'gan,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Dublin,  on  the 
Irish  Sea,  ISi  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Dublin.     Pop.  2332. 

Bal  by,  bfll'bee,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West 
Riding,  li  miles  S.W.  of  Doncastcr.     Pop.  2038. 

Balcar'ry,  a  small  seaport  of  Scotland,  on  the  W.  side 
«jf  the  entrance  to  Auchincairn  Bay  and  Solway  Firth,  10 
ttiileE  E.S.E.  of  Kirkcudbright 


Balsas,  or  Balsas,  bil'sis  (ft-ora  bnhn,  a  "  float"),  n 
river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the  Scrra  Corvados,  which  sepnrntM 
Maranhiio  from  Goyaz,  and  falls  into  the  Parnahiba,  in  lai. 
7°  15'  S.,  Ion.  45°  10'  W.     Length,  200  miles. 

Balcha'ri,  an  island  of  India,  one  of  the  Sunderbundi 
of  the  Ganges  delta,  W.  of  the  entrance  to  Mutla  River. 

BaPcony  Falls, a  jwst-hamlctof  Rockbridge  co.,  Va., 
on  James  River  where  it  passes  through  the  Blue  Ridge,  28 
miles  N.W.  of  Lynchburg. 

Bald  Creek,  a  post-ofTico  of  Yancey  co.,  N.C. 

Bald  Kagle,  a  station  in  Blair  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Bald 
Eagle  Valley  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Tyrone.  Post-offio« 
name,  Olivia. 

Bald  Eagle,  a  township  of  Clinton  oo.,  Pa.  Pop. 
960,  exclusive  of  Mill  Hall. 

Bald  Kagic,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co..  Pa.,  in  Fawn 
township,  2  miles  from  Woodbine  Railroad  Station,  and 
about  24  miles  S.  by  AV.  of  Lancaster. 

Bald  Eagle  Creek,  of  Pennsylvania,  runs  northoasU 
ward  through  the  middle  of  Centre  co.,  and  enters  the  West 
Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  at  Lock  Haven.  The  valley 
of  this  creek  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  a  long  straight  ridgo 
called  Bald  Eagle  Mountain,  which  traverses  the  countici'  of 
Centre  and  Clinton.  This  ridgo  extends  southwestward  into 
Blair  and  Bedford,  where  it  is  called  Dunning's  Mountain. 

Baldcgg,  bil'dig,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  on  a  lake 
of  the  same  name,  9  miles  N.  of  Lucerne.  The  lake  is  3i 
miles  long,  1  mile  broad,  and  1529  feet  in  elevation. 

Baldenburg,  bil'd^n-bCdRC*,  a  small  town  of  West 
Prussia,  33  miles  N.W.  of  Konitz.     Pop.  1200. 

Balderas,  bil-di'ris.a  town  of  Spain,  30  miles  S.S.W 
of  Leon.  Pop.  4320.  Ithasmanufacturesof  leather  and  hats. 

Baldern,  bil'd^m,  a  small  town  of  Wiirtembcrg,  9  miles 
S.E.  of  Ellwangcn.     Pop.  594. 

Bald'crson,  a  post-village  in  Lanark  co.,  Ontario,  6 
miles  from  Perth.     Pop.  100. 

Bald'face,  a  granitic  mountain  of  New  Hampshire, 
near  the  line  between  Carroll  and  Coos  cos.  It  is  about  15 
miles  N.  of  North  Conway.     Altitude,  3600  feet. 

Baldface  Mountain,  a  peak  of  the  Adirondacks,  in 
Essex  CO.,  N.Y.,  has  an  altitude  of  3903  feet  above  the  tide 

Bald  Friar,  a  station  in  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Colum- 
bia <fc  Port  Deposit  Railroad,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Port  Dcjjosit 

Bald  Head,  a  capo  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Australia, 
forming  the  S.W.  entrance  into  King  George's  Sound.  Lat. 
(of  S.  point)  35°  7'  S. ;  Ion.  118°  1'  E. 

Bald  Head,  a  headland  of  the  United  States,  in  Maine; 
lat.  43°  13'  N.,  Ion.  70°  34'  30"  W. 

Bald  Head,  a  headland  at  the  S.W.  extremity  of 
Smith's  Island,  N.C. ;  lat.  33°  51'  N.,  Ion.  78°  W. 

Baldissero,  bil-dis-si'ro,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
of  Turin,  14  miles  E.  of  the  city  of  Turin.     Pop.  1878. 

Baldissero  di  Rolctto,  b&l-dis-s^'ro  dee  ro-l£t'to; 
an  old  town  of  Italy,  Piedmont,  near  Pinerolo.     Pop.  909. 

Baldjik,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Baltshik. 

Bald  Knob,  a  post-village  of  White  oo..  Ark.,  57  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Little  Rock.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  news- 
paper  office.     Pop.  300. 

Bald  Mount,  a  post-hamlet  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  in 
Newton  township,  19  miles  N.N.E.  of  Wilkcsbarre. 

Bald  Mountain,  California,  stands  at  the  N.  extremity 
of  Tulare  co.,  and  has  an  altitude  of  7936  feet  above  the  sea; 

Bald  Mountain,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Front  Range, 
has  an  altitude  of  11,493  feet.     Silver  is  found  in  it. 

Bald  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Gilpin  co.,  Coloradoj 
is  at  Nevada. 

Bald  Mountain,  a  portion  of  the  Unaka  or  Smoky 
Range,  having  Carter  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  N.AV.,  nnd  Mitchell 
CO.,  N.C,  on  the  S.E.  One  of  its  peaks,  called  likewise 
Bald  Mountain,  is  5552  feet  high.  There  arc  many  other 
mountains  called  by  this  name  in  Western  North  Carolina. 

Bald  Mountain,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co..  N.Y., 
in  Greenwich  township,  and  4  miles  from  Greenwich  Sta- 
tion.    It  h.as  a  church  and  large  lime-kilns. 

Baldock,  bArd(jck,  a  town  and  parish  of  England,  co: 
of  Herts,  34  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  London.     Pop.  2055. 

BaPdock,  or  BePdoc,  a  post-office  and  station  of 
Barnwell  co.,  S.C,  on  the  Port  Royal  Railroad,  44  miles 
from  Augusta,  Ga.     Pop.  of  Baldock  township,  1176. 

BaPdon,  or  Baldone,  bird6-n§h,  a  town  of  Russia, 
in  Courland,  25  miles  E.  of  Mitau.     It  has  hot  baths. 

Baldoyle,  bal-doyl',  a  village  and  watering-place  ol 
Ireland,  6  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Dublin.     Pop.  602. 

Bald  Prairie,  a  post-village  of  Robertson  co.,  Tex* 
12  miles  W.  of  Marquez.     It  has  2  churches  and  2  stores. 

Bald  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Laurel  co.,  Ky. 

Baldshik,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Baltshik. 


BAB 


575> 


BAL 


Itald'win,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Alabama,  has 
an  area  of  about  1700  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.W.  by  the  Alabama  lliver,  on  the  E.  by  the  Perdido,  on 
the  S.  by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  on  the  W.  by  Mobile 
River  and  Mobile  Bay.  The  surface  is  nearly  level;  the 
soil  is  sandy  and  inferior.  It  produces  small  quantities  of 
maize,  cotton,  &c.  The  county  is  intersected  by  the  Mobile 
A  Montgomery  Railroad,  and  is  watered  by  the  Black  Water, 
Hollingers,  and  other  creeks.  Capital,  Daphne.  Pop.  in 
1870,  6004  _;  in  1880,  8603;  in  1890,  8941. 

Baldwin,  a  county  near  the  central  part  of  Georgia, 
has  iin  area  of  about  250  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Oconee  Rive-r.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly  ;  the  valley 
of  the  Oconee  has  a  fertile  soil.  Primary  rocks  are  found 
ia  the  N.W.  part  of  the  county,  and  tertiary  strata  in  the 
S.E.  part.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia  and  by 
the  Georgia  Railroad,  which  form  a  junction  at  Millcdge- 
ville,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,618;  in  1880,  13,806: 
in  1890,  14,608. 

Baldwin,  a  post-village  of  Duval  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
Florida  Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Atlantic,  Gulf 
&  West  India  Transit  llaih-oad,  19  miles  W.  by  S.  from 
Jacksonville.  It  has  a  church,  2  stores,  2  schools,  and  a 
distillery  of  turpentine.     Pop.  about  150. 

Baldwin,  a  post-village  of  Randolph  co.,  III.,  on  tho 
Cairo  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  45  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Louis.  It 
has  3  churches.    Coal  is  found  here. 

Baldwin,  an  incorporated  post-town  of  Jackson  co,, 
Iowa,  on  the  Clinton  ifc  Anainosa  Branch  Railroad.  24  miles 
E.  of  Anamosa.  It  has  2  churches,  a  creamery,  and  several 
stores.     Pop.  300. 

Baldwin,  a  post-town  of  Douglas  co.,  Kansas,  15  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Lawrence.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  creamery, 
2  newspaper  offices,  and  excellent  public  schools,  and  is  the 
scat  of  ]5aker  University.      Po)).  about  1200. 

Baldwin,  a  village  of  St.  Mary's  parish,  La.,  about  25 
miles  from  Morgan  City.  It  has  3  churches,  and  schools 
for  white  and  colored  children. 

Baldwin,  a  township  of  Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  on  the 
Saco  lliver,  and  on  the  Portland  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  32 
miles  AV.N.W.  of  Portland.  It  has  active  manufactures. 
(Post-offices,  East,  North,  and  West  Baldwin.)     Pop.  1101. 

Baldwin,  a  post-office  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md. 

Baldwin,  a  township  of  Delta  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  261. 

Ilnldwin,  a  township  of  Iosco  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1103. 

Baldwin,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lake  co.,  Mich.,  is 
on  the  Marquette  River,  and  on  the  Flint  &  Pere  Marquette 
Railroad,  30  miles  E.  of  Ludington.  It  has  a  newspaper 
office  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  shingles.     Pop.  200. 

Baldwin,  a  township  of  Sherburne  co.,  Minn.  Pop. 
404.     It  contains  Santiago. 

Baldwin,  a  township  of  Chemung  co.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
1006.     It  contains  Hammond  Corners,  or  North  Chemung. 

Baldwin,  a  station  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Ticonderoga 
township,  is  the  western  terminus  of  a  railroad  extendingto 
Fort  Ticonderoga,  5  miles  distant.  It  is  on  Lake  George, 
near  its  outlet,  and  has  a  steamboat-landing. 

Baldwin,  a  post-village  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Ilemp- 
ttead  township,  on  the  Southern  Railroad  of  Long  Island, 
23  miles  E.  of  New  York.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  600. 

Baldwin,  a  post-office  of  Clermont  co.,  0. 

Baldwin,  a  township  of  Alleghany  CO.,  Pa.  Pop.  3104. 
It  has  important  coal-mines,  and  contains  Hope  Church. 

Baldwin,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co..  Pa.,  at  Fairview. 

Baldwin,  a  village  of  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Sus- 
quehanna River,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  2  or  3 
miles  S.E.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  man- 
ntactory  of  Bessemer  steel,  and  4  churches.  Pop.  in  1880, 
2447.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Steelton. 

Baldwin,  a  post-village  of  St.  Croix  co..  Wis.,  in  Bald- 
win township,  on  the  West  Wisconsin  Railroad,  41  miles  E. 
of  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  and  21  miles  E.  of  Hudson.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber,  flour,  carriages,  threshing- 
machines,  sash,  blinds,  Ac.     Pop.  602. 

Baldwin,  a  post-village  in  Addington  co.,  Ontario,  15 
miles  from  Napanee.     Pop.  100. 

Baldwin's,  a  village  in  Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
milroad  from  Jackson  to  Fort  Wayne,  Ind.,  11  miles  S.W. 
of  Jackson.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  400.  The  name  of 
the  post-office  is  Horton. 

Baldwin's,  a  station  in  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Chester 
Valley  Railroad,  2  miles  E.  of  Downingtown. 
■  Baldwin's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Waupaca  co..  Wis., 
on  the  Waupaca  River,  about  .35  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Oshkosh. 

Bald'winsville,  a  post- village  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 


in  Tcmpleton  township,  on  the  Vermont  &  Massachusetta 
Railroad,  21  miles  W.  of  Fitchburg,  and  also  on  tho  Ware 
River  Railroad,  44  miles  N.N.E.  of  Palmer.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  savings-bank,  a  paper-mill,  and  manufactures 
of  cane-seat  chairs,  toys,  and  furniture. 

Baldwinsville,  a  post-village  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Seneca  River  and  the  Oswego  &  Syracuse  Railroad, 
12  miles  N.W.  of  Syracuse,  and  23  miles  S.S.E.  of  Oswego. 
It  has  a  national  bank,  a  state  bank,  a  free  academy,  5  large 
flouring-mills,  a  foundry,  and  a  woollen-factory.  It  ha» 
also  a  newspaper  office  and  5  churches.    Pop.  in  1890,  3040. 

Baldwinsville,  Queens  co.,  N.Y.    See  BAi.nwi.\. 

Bald'winville,  a  hamlet  of  Edgar  co..  III.,  G  miles 
N.E.  of  Paris. 

Bald'wyn,  a  post-village  of  Leo  co..  Miss.,  on  the 
Mobile  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  31  miles  S.  of  Corinth.  It  has 
10  stores,  4  churches,  an  academy,  &a.     Pop.  about  700. 

Bald'y  Peak,  a  mountain  of  the  Sangre  de  Cristo 
range,  is  in  the  S.  part  of  Colorado,  near  the  line  between 
Costilla  and  Huerfano  cos.     Altitude,  14,176  feet. 

Bale,  a  town  of  Switzerland.     See  Basel. 

Balearic  (brire-S,r'ik)  Isles  (anc.  Balea'ret),  a  group 
of  islands  in  the  Mediterranean,  between  lat.  38°  40'  and 
40°  5'  N.  and  Ion.  1°  and  5°  E.,  consisting  of  Majorca, 
Minorca,  Ivifa,  Formentera,  Cabrera,  and  several  islets, 
and  forming  an  administrative  province  of  Spain.  Capital, 
Palma.  United  area,  2200  square  miles.  Pop.  289,22'» 
The  climate  is  temperate  and  healthy  ;  soil  fertile. 

Balearis  Major.     See  Majorca. 

Balearis  Minor.    See  Minorca. 

Balejooree,  or  Balijuri,  bi-le-joo'ree,  a  town  of 
India,  North-West  Provinces,  in  Rohilcund,  district  and  3fti 
miles  N.  of  Moradabad.     Pop.  8253. 

Balerna,  b^-ldR'ni,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  Ticino,  5. 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Como.     Pop.  1109. 

BaPeshare',  an  island  of  Scotland,  in  the  Hebrides, 
S.  of  the  island  of  North  Uist,  Inverness-shire.     Pop.  246. 

Bale's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Va.,  14  milea 
E.  of  Cumberland  Gap.     It  has  1  flour-mill  and  1  saw-mill,; 

Balestrate,  bi^es-tri'td,  a  town  of  Sicily,  22  miles  W., 
of  Palermo.     Pop.  2413. 

Baleswar,  b4l-es-war',  a  large  river  of  the  Ganges 
delta,  leaves  the  Ganges  below  Kooshtia,  is  at  first  called 
Garai,  next  takes  the  name  of  Mudhoomattee,and  is  called 
Baleswar  in  its  tidal  portions ;  but  in  the  estuary  it  is  fre- 
quently named  Haringhata.  Since  1800  it  has  become  one 
of  the  principal  outlets  of  the  Ganges. 

Bal'fron,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Stirling,  16  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Stirling.     Pop.  1085. 

Balfurosh,  birfur-G.sh',  Balfroosh,  Balfrouch 
or  Balfrusch,  bil-froosh',  written  also  Balfrush  or 
Baifurush  (originally  Bar/urtmh,  the  "  mart  of  burdens"), 
a  town  of  Persia,  province  of  Mazanderan,  on  the  Bahbul, 
12  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Caspian,  and  20  miles  W.  of 
Saree.  Pop.  estimated  at  100,000.  It  is  built  in  tho  midst 
of  a  forest,  and  is  large,  straggling,  and  interspersed  with 
gardens;  streets  broad  and  straight,  but  unpaved ;  houses, 
mostly  of  brick.  It  has  numerous  bazaars  and  caravan- 
saries, from  20  to  30  Mohammedan  colleges,  and  a  large, 
general  trade.  It  communicates  with  its  port  on  the  Cas- 
pian by  a  good  road  for  wheeled  vehicles. 

Balga,  bai'gi,  a  village  of  East  Prussia,  24  miles  S.W. 
of  Konigsberg,  on  the  Frische-Haff.     Pop.  983. 

Balgach,  bil'gilK,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  11  miles  E. 
of  St.  Gall,  with  sulphur  springs  and  baths.     Pop.  1419. 

Bali,b&'lce,  Bally,  b^l'lee,  or  Little  Java,  an  island 
of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  immediately  E.  of  Java.  This 
island  is  76  miles  in  length  and  60  miles  in  greatest  breadth. 
Two  mountain -chains  traverse  it  from  E.  to  W.  Culmi- 
nating point,  the  volcano  of  Agoong,  12,379  feet  high.  The 
islandisabundantly  supplied  with  water.  Principal  exports, 
rice,  cotton,  coffee,  tobacco,  hides,  oil,  edible  birds'-nests,  ca- 
techu, and  cotton  cloths  and  yarn ;  imports,  opium,  betel, 
gold,  silver,  and  ivory.  Much  coffee  is  carried  to  Singapora 
from  the  >f.  coast.  Bali  is  subdivided  among  eight  petty 
states  :  of  these,  Badong,  in  the  S.,  is  the  chief.  The  village 
system  prevails  here,  as  in  Java  and  India,  and  the  Hindoo 
is  the  predominant  religion.  Principal  towns,  Badong  lit 
the  S.,  Billing  in  the  N.,  and  Karang-Assam  on  the  E.  coast. 
The  Strait  of  Bali,  between  this  island  and  Java,  is,  where, 
narrowest,  only  3  miles  across.  The  people  are  of  Malay 
stock,  with  a  written  language  of  their  own,  called  Balinese. 
Pop.  about  800,000. 

Bali,  bi'le,  or  Bal'ly,  a  village  of  Bengal,  on  the 
Hoogly,  5  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Howrah.     Pop.  3544. 

Bali,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  Burdwan,  on  the  river  Dhsl- 
kisor,  40  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Calcutta.     Pop.  8819. 


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Baliabardat  a  town  of  Oro«oe.    See  Patras. 
Baligrodf  bA'le-grod\  m  town  of  Austrian  Galioia,  18 
MiliM  S.S.E.  of  8»nek,  in  the  Carpathians.     Pon.  900. 
Balikcsr,  bi-loe-kes's'r,  Balu-Kissar,  bH-loo-kis'- 

Sr,  or  llnlik'Shehrt  b4Mik'8hdh'h9r,  a  town  of  Asia 
inor;  Anatolia,  76  miles  S.W.  of  Bruaa.     It  is  peopled  hy 
Turks  nml  Armenians.     Pop.  about  12,000. 

Baliquatro,bi-le-kw&'tro,  the  N.W.  point  of  the  island 
of  Sainar,  one  of  the  Philippines ;  also,  a  small  island  in 
the  Strait  of  San  liomardinu,  between  that  point  and  the 
island  of  Luion.     Lat.  12»  40'  N.;  Ion.  124°  10'  E. 

Balize,  Belize^  b^-lcez',  or  BritiHli  Honduras 
(Me.xicnn-Spanish,  liuliza,  bi-lee'siH,  said  to  have  been 
liawed  from  one  Wallit,  a  buocivnecr),  a  Britieh  colony  of 
Central  America,  bounded  N.  and  N.W.  by  Campeachy,  a 
Mexican  state,  E.  by  the  Gulf  of  Honduras,  8.  by  Guate- 
mala, and  W.  by  Guatemala  and  Mexico.  Land  area,  7560 
square  miles.  The  coast  is  low  and  swampy,  fenced  from 
the  open  sea  by  lines  of  keys  and  islands.  The  W.  frontier 
is  mountainous,  and  dense  forests  aliound.  Mahogany,  log- 
wood, and  sugar  are  leading  exports.  Agriculture  is  in  its 
ibfancy.  The  climate  is  hot,  moist,  and  unhealthy  for  white 
people,  yet  there  are  few  epidemics,  while  earthquakes  and 
nurricanes  are  unknown.  The  colony  has  a  lieutenant-gov- 
ernor, a  legislature,  and  a  privy  council.  The  country  is 
divided  into  3  districts,  Northern,  Balize,  and  Southern. 
Chief  towns,  Bailee,  the  capital,  and  Corozal,  in  the  extreme 
N.     Pop.  in  18«1,.31,471. 

Balize,  a  town,  capital  of  the  above  colony,  on  the  Bay 
uf  Honduras,  at  the  mouth  of  an  arm  of  the  river  Balize. 
tat.  17°  29' 18"  N.;  lon.88°12'^y.  It  has  7  churches,  a  court- 
bouse,  a  hospital,  a  government  house,  and  an  iron  market- 
house.  It  is  well  built,  and  consists  in  part  of  brick  houses, 
while  some  of  the  inferior  buildings  stand  on  piles.  The 
anchorage  is  safe,  and  the  harbor  deep  and  spacious.  The 
surrounding  country  is  swampy.  The  chief  trade  is  in  ma- 
hogany, but  this  has  declined ;  logwood,  cedar,  cocoanuts, 
skins,  and  sugar  are  also  shipped.  The  exports  and  imports 
average  about  $1,000,000  each  per  annum.  Pop.  5800, 
mostly  blacks. 

Balize,  a  river  which  ri^cs  in  Guatemala,  and  flows 
N.E.  through  British  Honduras,  reaching  the  Gulf  of  Hon- 
duras near  the  town  of  Balize.     It  is  navigable  290  miles. 

Balize,  ba-leez',  one  of  the  pilot-towns  near  the  mouth 
of  the  Mississippi  River,  in  Plaquemines  parish,  La.  It  is 
A  small  village,  whose  houses  stand  on  piles. 

Balkan,  bil-k&n'  (anc.  Hte'mus),  an  important  moun- 
tain-chain of  Europe,  extending  from  the  plain  of  Sophia, 
in  Bulgaria,  Ion.  2'i°  E.,  to  Cape  Emineh,  on  the  Black  Sea, 
and  forming  the  boundary  between  Bulgaria  and  Eastern 
Koumelia.  The  name  Kodja  Balkan  is  limited  to  the  por- 
tion of  the  ancient  Hmmtu  west  of  the  Balkan  of  Shipka. 
The  western  part  of  the  Great  Balkan  runs  S.S.E.  and 
N.N.W.,  and  is  connected  with  the  mountains  of  Middle 
Europe  by  the  ranges  of  Montenegro,  Herzegovina,  and 
the  Dinaric  Alps  on  the  W.,  and  the  mountains  of  Greece 
On  the  S.  The  chain  in  general  is  4900  feet  in  elev.ation.  It 
itiopos  abruptly  S.  to  the  alluvial  plain  of  Tatar-Bazardjik 
and  Philippopolis,  but  terminates  more  gently  on  the  N.  by 
means  of  the  crests  of  the  Balkan  of  Etropol.  The  eastern 
part  of  the  Balkan  consists  of  a  series  of  minor  chains, 
decreasing  in  elevation  as  they  approach  the  plains  of 
the  Danube  on  the  K.  and  the  Black  Sea  on  the  E.  The 
Emineh  Dagh  is  2660  feet  in  elevation.  The  range  is  trav- 
ersed by  only  one  great  route,  that  of  the  gate  of  Trajan. 

Balkany,  b&rk4il',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Szabolc<?, 
1  miles  S.  of  Nagy-Kall6.     Pop.  .3977. 

Balka8h,birk&8h',  or  Tengheez  (Tenghiz),  ten'- 
geez',  an  extensive  lake  of  Asiatic  Russia,  between  lat.  45° 
and  47°  N.  and  Ion.  73°  and  80°  E.  It  is  situated  near  the 
north  edge  of  the  great  central  basin  of  the  continental 
streams,  and  receives  the  waters  of  the  Eclee  (Hi)  and  sev- 
eral smaller  streams,  but  has  no  outlet.  Length,  from  N.E. 
to  S.W.,  345  miles ;  greatest  breadth,  55  miles.  It  is  salt, 
and  is  surrounded  by  uninhabited  wastes.  It  is  compara- 
tively shallow. 

Baikh,  bilk,  a  province  of  Central  Asia,  the  ancient 
kingdom  of  Bactria,  now  subordinate  to  the  Emeer  of  Af- 
ghanistan, extending  between  lat.  35°  and  37°  N.  and  Ion. 
M4°  and  69°  E.,  having  on  the  N.  the  Amoo  Darya,  on  the 
£.  Budukhshan,  on  the  S.  the  Hindoo-Koosh  Mountains, 
and  W.  the  desert.  Length,  about  250  miles ;  breadth,  120 
miles.     Capital,  Takhtapool. 

•  BaIkh  (anc.  Zaricu'pa  and  Bac'ira),  a  city  of  the  above, 
is  on  the  Adirsiah  or  Balkh  River,  105  miles  W.  of  Khoon- 
dooz.  The  modem  town,  now  almost  depopulated,  is  en- 
dcecd  by  a  mud  wall,  and  occupies  but  a  fraction  of  the 


surface  embraced  by  the  ancient  city,  the  remains  of  which 
oover  a  space  20  miles  in  circumference. 

Balknan  (b&rx&n')  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  Caspian  Sea, 
between  lat.  39°  and  40°  N.  and  Ion.  53°  and  54°  E. 

Ball,  a  township  of  Sangamon  co..  111.     Pop.  986. 

Balla,  bari&,  a  village  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Mayo,  8  mild 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Castlebar.     Pop.  453. 

Bal  laghadereen,  bari^-ii§^-d&'recn,  a  town  of  Ireland, 
CO.  of  Mayo,  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Castlebar.     Pop.  1490. 

Bal'lah,  or  El-Bal'lah,  a  shallow  lagoon  or  lake  on 
the  Isthmus  of  Suez  and  traversed  by  the  Suez  Canal.  It 
lies  between  Lakes  Timsah  and  Menzaleb. 

Bal'lahac,  a  hamlet  or  gold-mining  camp  of  Sierra 
CO.,  Cal.,  60  miles  N.E.  of  Marysville. 

Ballahulish,  bi-lA-hoo'lish,  or  Ballnchulish,  bi. 
l&-Koo'lish,  a  village  and  parish  of  Scotland,  counties  of 
Inverness  and  Argyle,  on  Lochs  Lcvcn  and  Linnhc,  11^ 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Fort  William.     Pop.  of  village,  994. 

Ballan,  biiri6N>',  a  village  of  France,  Indre-et-Loire^ 
4  miles  S.W.  of  Tours.     Pop.  1160. 

Ballantrae,  biri&n-trk',  a  maritime  village  of  Scot- 
land, 28  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ayr.     Pop.  515. 

Bal'lantrae,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  % 
miles  from  Aurora.     Pop.  100. 

Bal'lantyne's,  a  post-village  in  Frontcnac  co.,  On- 
tario, 8  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Kingston.     Pop.  180. 

Ballapoor,  or  Balapnr,  b&-l&-poor',  a  town  of  the 
Akola  district,  Bcrar,  British  India,  31  miles  S.W.  of  El- 
lichpoor.     It  is  celebrated  for  its  turbans.     Pop.  12,631. 

Ballapoor,  or  Chik'ka  Ballapoor,  a  town  of 
India,  province  and  130  miles  N.E.  of  Mysore.     Pop.  8756. 

Ballapoor,  or  Dodda  Ballapoor,  a  town  of  India, 
in  Mysore,  25  miles  N.  of  Bangalore.     Pop.  7445. 

BalMarat',  a  city  of  Victoria,  Australia,  55  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Geelong,  on  the  river  Yarrowce.  It  is  well 
built,  is  at  the  junction  of  three  railways,  and  has  several 
banks,  a  general  hospital,  an  almshouse,  an  orphanage, 
many  quartz-mills,  and  a  large  product  of  fine  gold.  Bal- 
larat  is  the  seat  of  Anglican  and  Catholic  bishops.  It  ii 
divided  into  Ballarat  proper  (pop.  in  1881,  22,411)  and 
Ballarat  East,  a  separate  muuicipality  (pop.  14,849).  Total 
pop.  in  1891,  46,033. 

Bal'lard,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Kentucky,  has 
an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  X. 
by  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Mississippi,  and 
intersected  by  Mayfield  Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level, 
and  mostly  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  tobacco,  wheat,  and  oats  arc  abundantly  grown  here. 
The  western  portion  of  the  county  is  traversed  by  tlie 
Illinois  Central  and  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroads.  The 
Humphrey  and  Claxton  Creeks  drain  it  in  the  N.  Capital, 
Blandville.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,576;  in  1880,  14,37S;  in 
1890  (part  taken  to  form  Carlisle  co.  in  1886),  8390. 

Ballard,  a  city  of  King  co..  Wash.,  at  the  junction  uf 
two  railroads,  5  miles  from  Seattle.  It  has  5  churches,  a 
system  of  graded  schools,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  thriving 
manufactures  of  lumber  and  iron.     Pop.  about  2000. 

BalMard's  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
Kansas,  on  Little  Blue  River,  10  miles  above  Watervillc. 

Bal'lardsville,  an  incorporated  town  of  Oldham  co., 
Ky.,  4  miles  from  La  Grange,  has  a  church,  several  shops, 
Ac.     It  is  on  Floyd's  Fork  of  Salt  River. 

Bal'lard  Vale,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  21 
miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Boston.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  manufactory  of  flannel.     Pop.  about  600. 

Ballari,  a  district  and  city  of  India.     See  Bellarv. 

Ballas,  bilMAs',  a  town  of  Upper  Egypt,  on  the  Nile, 
about  lat.  26°  N.,  Ion.  32°  42'  E.,  celebrated  for  its  earthen 
jars,  called  Ballasee,  which  are  much  used.  Large  rafts 
made  of  Ballasee  jars  are  floated  down  the  Nile  to  market. 

Bal  later,  bil'l%-t?r,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Aber- 
deen, 37  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Aberdeen.     Pop.  6!) I. 

Ball  Camp^  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  Tenn.,  6  miles 
from  Ebenezer.     It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  Ac. 

Ball  Creek,  Kent  co.,  Mich.     See  Kent  City. 

Balleek,  Ireland,  the  former  name  of  Balli.va. 

Ballena,  bil-li'ni  (native  pron.  b&-y4'ni),  a  post- 
oflice  of  San  Diego  co.,  Cal.,  50  miles  N.E.  of  San  Diego. 

Ballenas,  a  village  of  California.     See  Bolinas. 

Bailcnstedt,  bil'l^n-stStt',  a  town  of  Germany,  in  An- 
halt,  on  a  railway,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Halberstadt.    Pop.  4395. 

BalMentine'ii  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Wake  co.,  N.C. 

Balleny  (bal'l^-ne)  Islands,  five  small  volcanio 
islands  in  the  Antarctic.     Lat.  66°  44'  S. ;  Ion.  163°  E. 

Balleroy,  b4ri?h-rwi',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Calvados,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Bayeux.     Pop.  1220. 

Bailey,  Mount,  California.    See  Mount  Ballev. 


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577 


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Ball  Ground,  a  post-village  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ga.,  11 
miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Canton.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
high  fcbool,  and  a  newspaper  oflSce.     Pop.  in  1890,  296. 

itall  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.,  l-i  miles  from 
Cutler  Railroad  Station. 

Bal'libay^  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  in  Her- 
rick  township,  3  miles  from  Rummerfield. 
Uiillibay,  a  town  of  Ireland.     See  Bai.lybay. 
lialliett,  bal'l?-et,  a  post-office  of  Venango  co..  Pa. 

Bal'liettsville,  a  post-office  of  Lehigh  co..  Pa. 

Balligomingo,  bar^-go-ming'go,  a  village  of  Mont- 
gomery CO.,  Pa.,  1  mile  from  West  Conshohocken  Station, 
j  and  15  miles  N.W.  of  Philadelphia,     It  has  a  church  and 
1  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  470, 

Ballina,  biPe-ni'  (formerly  Ballcek,  "the  ford  of 
flags"),  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Mayo,  on  the  navigable 
I  river  Moj',  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Castlebar.  It  has  a  work- 
house, sessions-house,  hospital,  dispensary,  public  schools, 
barracks,  and  two  bridges  across  the  Moy ;  with  breweries, 
flour-mills,  manufactories  of  snuff  and  linen,  and  a  trade  in 
eured  provisions,  fish,  <tc.     Pop.  5551. 

BalMin'afad,  a  post-village  in  Wellington  co.,  On- 
tario, 6  miles  from  Georgetown.     Pop.  150. 

BalMinahinch',  a  barony,  parish,  demesne,  lake, 
river,  seat,  and  ruined  castle  of  Ireland,  37  miles  W.N.W, 
of  Galway.     Pop.  of  barony,  23,969. 

Ballinahinch,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Down,  13 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Belfast.     Pop.  1000. 

BaPliuakill',  a  town  of  Ireland,  Queen's  co.,  11  miles 
S.  of  Maryborough.     Pop.  745, 

Bariinamore',  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Leitrim,  13 
miles  N.E.  of  Carrick-on-Shannon.     Pop.  534. 

BaPlinamuck',  a  village  of  Ireland,  11  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Longford,  Here  the  French  troops  under  General  Hum- 
bert surrendered  to  the  English.  September  8,  1798. 

BalMinaskcI'ligs  (orBalMinskel'ligs)  Bay,  Ire- 
land, CO.  of  Kerry,  between  Hog  Head  on  the  E.  and  Bolus 
Head  on  the  W.     Breadth,  5  miles. 

Ballinasloe,  bariin-a-slo',  a  town  of  Ireland,  counties 
of  Galway  and  Roscommon,  on  the  Suck,  22  miles  S.  of  Ros- 
common, and  91  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Dublin.  The  Suck 
divides  it  into  two  portions.  The  town  is  neatly  built,  and 
has  public  schools,  a  lunatic  asylum,  a  court-house  and 
t  bridewell,  market-house,  workhouse,  and  savings-bank, 
flour-mills,  tan-yards,  breweries,  coach-  and  hat-manufac- 
tories, Ac.     Pop.  4619. 

Bal'linger,  a  post-town,  the  capital  of  Runnels  co., 
Tex.,  34  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  San  Angelo.  It  has  6 
churches,  2  banks,  manufactures  of  flour,  and  2  newspaper 
offices.     Pop.  2000. 

Bal'Iiiiger's,a  station  in  Leeeo.,  Iowa,  on  the  Keokuk 
&  St.  Paul  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Keokuk. 

BaPlinrobe',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Mayo,  on  the 
Robe,  near  its  mouth  in  Lough  Mask,  and  16  miles  S,S.E. 
of  Castlebar.     Pop.  2408. 

Ballinskelligs  Bay.    See  Baluxaskelligs, 

Ball  Mountain,  a  township,  Watauga  co.,  N.C.  P.  320. 

Ballon,  biri6so',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Sarthe,  near  the  left  bank  of  the  Orne,  12  miles  N.N.E,  of 
Le  Mans.     Pop.  1720. 

Ballo'na,  a  station  in  Los  Angeles  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
railroad  from  Santa  Monica  to  Los  Angeles,  9  miles  W,  of 
Los  Angeles. 

Ballon  d'Alsace,  bari6N<»'  darslss',  one  of  the  loftiest 
mountains  of  the  Vosges  chain,  on  the  boundary  between 
France  and  Germany,  4101  feet  high. 

Ballonde  GuebAviller,  bilM6s«'debgh5bVeeriain', 
the  French  for  Mount  Gebweiler,  or  the  Siilzer  Belchen,  the 
highest  mountain  of  the  Vosges  chain,  in  Upper  Alsace, 
Germany,  4690  feet  high. 

Ballots,  birio',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Mayenne,  22  miles  from  Laval,     Pop,  1943. 

Ball  Play,  a  post-office  of  Etowah  co.,  Ala, 

Ball  Play,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co,,  Tenn. 

Ball  Point,  a  post-office  of  Grainger  co.,  Tenn, 

Ball's  Blutf,  Loudoun  co.,  Va.,  is  on  the  Potomac 
Kiver,  about  32  miles  N.W.  of  Washington,  Colonel  Baker 
was  killed  in  battle  here,  October  21,  1861, 

Ball's  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Shasta  eo.,  Cal, 

Ball's  Pond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfield  co.,  Conn.,  6 
miles  N.W,  of  Danbury, 

Ball'ston,  township,  Saratoga  eo.,  N.Y,  Contains 
Ballston  Centre  and  part  of  Ballfton  Spa.     Pop.  2,059. 

Ballston  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Ballston  township,  6  miles  S.W,  of  Ballston  Spa.  It 
has  a  church, 

Ballston  Spa,  a  post-town,  the  capital  of  Saratoga 


CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Ballston  and  Milton  townships,  32  miles  by 
rail  N.N.W.  of  Albany,  and  6  miles  S.W.  of  Saratoga 
Springs.  The  name  of  its  station  is  Ballston.  It  has  sev- 
eral mineral  springs,  2  national  banks,  5  churches,  2  news- 
paper offices,  graded  schools,  and  manufactures  of  paper, 
paper-bags,  axes  and  scythes,  cotton  and  woollen  goods, 
sash,  blinds,  Ac,     Pop.  in  1890,  3527. 

Ball'town,  a  hamlet  of  Howe  township.  Forest  co.,  Pa. 

BalI'ville,  a  village  of  Sandusky  co.,  0.,  in  Ballville 
township,  on  the  Sandusky  River,  li  miles  S.  of  Fremont, 
It  has  a  flouring-mill  and  a  woollen-factory.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1731. 

Ball'win,  a  post-village  of  St.  Louis  co..  Mo.,  5  miles 
from  Maramec  Railroad  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bally,  bil'lee  (i.e.,  a  "town"),  a  prefix  to  the  names 
of  about  120  towns  and  parishes  in  Ireland. 

Bal'ly,  a  town  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Lombok, 
in  hit.  8°  40'  S.,  Ion.  116°  30'  E, 

Bally,  a  town  of  India.    See  Bali. 

Bally-ath-Cliath,  an  Irish  name  of  DcBLiif. 

BaPlybay',  a  town  of  Ireland,  8  miles  by  rail  S.S.E, 
of  Monaghan.     Pop.  1714. 

Bariybo'fey,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Doncg.al,  on 
the  Finn,  15  miles  by  rail  W.S.W,  of  Lifford.     Pop.  881. 

BaPlycas'tle,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Antrim,  on  a 
baj',  5  miles  W.S.W.  of  Fair  Head,     Pop.  1739, 

BalMyclare',  a  market-town  of  Ireland,  co,  of  An- 
trim, 11  miles  N.  of  Belfast.     Pop.  1021. 

Bal'lyclough,  bari^-klOn',  a  post-office  of  Dubuque 
CO.,  Iowa. 

BaPiycroy',  a  post- village  in  Cardwell  co.,  Ontario,  9 
miles  from  Bolton.     Pop.  1 00, 

BalMyduff',  or  Man'vers,  a  post-village  in  Durham 
CO.,  Ontario,  6  miles  from  Bethany.     Pop.  100. 

BalMygaw'ley,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Tyrone,  3i 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Aughnacloy.     Pop.  560. 

BalMyhaisc',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and4milc8N,N,E. 
of  Cavan.     Pop.  704. 

BaPlyjamesdufF,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  11  miles 
S.E.  of  Cavin.     Pop.  714. 

Ballykennedy,  Ireland,    See  Gracehill, 

BalMylong'ford,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kerry,  & 
miles  W.S.W,  of  Tarbert,  near  the  estuary  of  the  Shannon. 
Pop.  839, 

BaPlymacar'ret,  a  large  suburb  of  Belfast,  Ireland, 
is  in  the  co.  of  Down,  on  the  Lagan,  opposite  Belfast. 

BalMyma'hon,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Longford,  on 
the  Inny,  11  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Longford.     Pop.  914. 

BuiMyme'na,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Antrim,  on  the 
Braid,  33  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Belfast.  Pop.  6774.  It 
is  well  built,  and  has  a  market-house,  diocesan  school,  pub . 
lie  schools,  a  bridewell,  and  a  workhouse.  It  exports  linens 
and  potatoes,  and  has  numerous  bleaching-grounds,  a  cotton- 
mill,  a  distillery,  and  branch  banks. 

BalMymo'ncy,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Antrim,  17 
miles  N.W.  of  Ballymena.     Pop.  2930, 

BaPlymore'  Eus'tace,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Kildare,  on  the  Lifl'ey,  19  miles  S.W.  of  Dublin.     Pop.  719. 

BalMymote',  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  and  13  miles 
S.W.  of  Sligo.     Pop.  1180. 

Bal'lymote,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario, 
7  miles  from  London.     Pop.  100. 

Ballynahinch,  Ontario.    See  Glenvalk. 

BaPIyrag'get,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kilkenny,  on 
the  Nore,  10  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Kilkenny.     Pop.  9;!6. 

BalMysadare',  a  town  of  Ireland,  6  miles  by  rail 
S.S.W.  of  Sligo,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Owenbeg.     Pop.  392. 

BalMyshan'non,  a  town  of  Ireland,  eo.  of  Donegal, 
on  the  Erne,  at  its  mouth  in  Ballyshannon  Bay,  25  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Enniskillen.     Pop.  2958, 

Balm,  a  post-office  of  Blount  co.,  Ala. 

Balm,  a  post-village  of  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  in  Springfield 
township,  6  or  7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mercer,  and  3i  miles  from 
Bristow.     It  has  2  churches  and  about  18  houses. 

Balmaz-Ujvaros,  bolMnSsh'  oo-ee-vi'r6?h\  a  town 
of  Hungary,  co.  of  Szabolcs,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Debreczin. 
Pop.  of  commune,  9481. 

Bal merino,  bil-me-ree'no,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co. 
of  Fife,  on  the  Tay,  6  miles  N.  of  Cupar-Fife.     Pop.  717. 

Balmoral,  bil-mor'il,  a  castle  of  Scotland,  on  tiie river 
Dee,  44  miles  W.S.W.  of  Aberdeen.     It  is  a  royal  residence. 

Balmor'al,  a  village  of  Tensas  parish,  La.,  9  miles 
from  Grand  Gulf,  Miss,  It  has  a  church,  a  steam  gr'st-mill, 
a  saw-mill,  Ac. 

Balmoral,  a  village  of  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  S, 
side  of  Otter  Tail  Lake,  20  miles  from  Perham,  It  has  a 
flouring-mill. 


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Unlni'ville,  a  hnmlct  of  Ornngo  co..  N.Y.,  in  Nowburg 
towni>lii|).  nuitr  the  uity  of  Ncwburg.  and  about  1  milofrom 
the  llu(l«un  River.  It  liiis  u  convent,  a  Cutbolto  auiulemy, 
aoii  Huinc  lino  re«idoiioo8. 

llulneat  the  nnuiont  name  of  Baonoi^ 

UaMoil%  or  llali'ol«  a  post-village  of  Marshall  oo., 
Miss.,  2i  niilos  S.E.  of  Memphis.  It  has  3  ohurohoa,  a 
grist-iuill,  a  atoam  ootton-gin,  and  2  sorghum-mills. 

llalo'tra,  a  town  of  India,  in  Guzerat,  62  miles  S.W. 
of  Joo<lpoor.  It  is  a  place  of  pilgrimage,  and  has  varied 
native  manufactures,  and  a  trade  in  salt.     Pop.  7275. 

llal«|uhidder,  b&l-kwid'd^r,  a  village  of  Scotland,  oo. 
and  34  miles  W.  of  Perth.     Pop.  743. 

UaPrampore't  a  town  of  India,  in  Oude,  district  and 
SO  miles  N.E.  of  Gonda.     Pop.  14,026. 

Unl'^all,  a  town  of  England,  in  Worcestershire,  is  a 
southeastern  suburb  of  liirmingham.     Pop.  13,615. 

Balsam  (bawl'si^m)  Grove*  a  post-office  of  Transyl- 
vania CO.,  N.C. 

Ualsnm  Lake^  a  post-township  of  Polk  co.,  Vfia.,  on 
Balsiiin  Luke,  tibuut  4U  miles  N.N.E.  of  Hudson.    Pop.  555. 

llalsnnio,  b^l'si-mo,  a  village  of  Italy,  6  miles  J^.  of 
Milan.     Pop.  2379. 

lialsar,  a  town  of  India.    See  Dulsaur. 

Balsas,  a  river  of  Brazil.    See  Balsas. 

Balsas,  a  port  of  Chili.    See  Coquimbo. 

Balsora,  a  city  of  Asia.    See  Bassukah. 

Balsorano,  b&l-so-r&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Aquila.  6  miles  N.  of  Sora.     Pop.  2943. 

lial'sover,  or  Bol'sovcr,  a  post-village  in  Victoria 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  Talbot  Kiver,  3  miles  from  Eldon.  It 
has  a  woollen-factory  and  saw-  and  grist-mills.     Pop.  300. 

Balsthal,  bills't&l,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
11  miles  N.E.  of  Solourc,  on  the  Diinnern.  Pop.  1259. 
Near  it  is  the  celebrated  defile  of  Klus,  with  a  village  of 
the  same  name,  and  extensive  iron-foundries  and  forges. 

Bal'ta,  one  of  the  Shetland  Islands,  in  lat.  60°  45'  N., 
Ion.  0°  45'  W.,  immediately  E.  of  Unst,  between  which  and 
Balta  is  Balta  Sound. 

Balta,  bil'tiV,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  in  Podolia,  on 
the  Kodema,  an  altiuent  of  the  Bug,  132  miles  E.S.K.  of 
Kamieniec.  It  is  an  important  railway  junction,  and  has 
many  soap-  and  candle-works,  and  a  large  trade  in  cattle, 
horses,  wool,  grain,  and  tallow.     Pop.  (1884)  27,027. 

Baltanas,  bil-t4'n&s,  or  Yaltauas,  v41-t&'n^s,  a 
town  of  Spain,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Palcncia.     Pop.  2593. 

Baltar,  bdl-taR',  a  village  of  Portugal,  province  of 
Minho,  14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Oporto.     Pop.  1332. 

Baiti,  or  Bailee,  a  region  of  Asia.     See  Bulti. 

Baltic,  bawl'tik  (Ger.  Oentsee,  iist'siV,  "East  Sea;"  Fr. 
Bahiqne,  b&rteek' ;  Sp.  and  It.  Baltico,  bil'te-ko ;  L.  Ma'rc 
Lal'ticnm  J  anc.  Si'nus  Coda'nm),  a  sea  of  Europe,  enclosed 
on  nearly  all  sides  by  Sweden,  Russia,  and  Prussia,  and 
communicating  with  the  Cattegat  and  the  North  Sea  by  the 
Sound  and  the  Great  and  Little  Belts.  It  extends  from 
Swinemiinde  in  the  S,  to  Torneil  in  the  N.,  about  900  miles, 
and  from  Carlscrona  in  the  W.  to  Memel  in  the  E.,  about 
ISO  miles.  Its  area  is  160,000  square  miles ;  and  its  basin, 
which  receives  the  drainage  of  more  than  a  fifth  of  the  sur- 
face of  Europe,  is  at  least  900,000  square  miles.  Notwith- 
standing its  great  extent,  the  Baltic  has  all  the  character- 
istics of  a  great  lake.  No  sea  has,  in  proportion  to  its  size, 
so  great  an  influx  of  fresh  water :  hence  it  contains  but 
little  salt.  In  proportion  to  the  North  Sea,  this  is  found  to 
be  as  194  to  373.  The  N.  part  of  the  Baltic  is  called  the 
Gulf  of  Bothnia;  on  the  E.  are  the  Gulfs  of  Finland  and 
Riga,  on  the  S.E.  the  Gulf  of  Dantzic,  and  on  the  S.W.  the 
Gulf  of  Lubeck.  The  Baltic  receives  the  waters  of  the 
Motala-Elf,  the  lakes  of  Maclar,  Onega,  and  Ladoga,  and 
the  Duna,  Niemen,  Vistula,  and  Oder,  besides  numerous 
smaller  streams.  The  great  amount  of  sand  and  mud  car- 
ried down  by  the  rivers  has  considerably  raised  tho  bottom 
of  this  sea,  and  closed  to  navigation  the  mouths  of  many  of 
its  streams.  The  shores  and  bed  of  the  sea  have  also  a  well- 
ascertained  upward  movement.  The  chief  islands  are  the 
Danish  Archipelago,  between  tho  coasts  of  Jutland  and 
Sweden,  the  islands  of  RUgen,  Bornholm,  OJland,  Gottland, 
Dagoc,  and  Oesel,  the  group  of  Aland,  and  that  of  Holmon. 
The  Baltic  has  no  tides,  or  rather  tho  tide  is  not  observable; 
but  the  sea  is  subject  to  changes  of  level,  depending  on  tho 
winds,  retarding  or  accelerating  the  passage  of  the  water 
through  the  sound  and  the  belts.  Thus,  during  a  N.E.  wind 
the  S.W.  portion  of  tho  sea  is  often  raised  as  much  as  4  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  North  Sea.  But  after  N.W.  gales  and 
during  spring  tides,  tho  Atlantic  rises,  and,  pouring  a  flood 
into  t4ie  Baltic,  commits  havoc  among  the  islands  of  the 
Danish  Archipelago.    The  great  amount  of  water  which 


flows  into  the  Baltic,  especially  during  the  melting  of  tht 
snow  in  spring,  uccasiuns  a  general  current  in  tho  diret'ticig 
of  the  ocean;  nnd  it  has  been  ctvlculated  that  the  number 
of  days  in  which  the  water  flows  outward  is  in  proportion 
to  those  in  which  it  flows  in  an  op))o8ito  direction,  as  24 
to  1.  During  winter  this  sea  is  usually  frozen  along  the 
coasts;  and  in  severe  winters  a  great  part  of  its  surfat'u  is 
covered  with  ice.  In  1324  the  Baltic  was  frozen  so  hard 
that  for  six  weeks  the  ])eople  travelled  between  Denmark 
and  Germany  on  the  ice.  Tho  Baltic  contains  abundance 
of  fish,  and  a  great  quantity  of  amber  is  gathered  on  its  S. 
shores.  The  most  important  ports  are  St.  Petersburg,  Riga, 
Konigsberg,  Dantzic,  Stralsund,  Co])enhagen,  Carlscrona, 
Stockliol'n,  Gefle,  Ilelsingfors.  Mcuicl,  and  Cronstadt. 

Baltic,  bawl'tik,  a  post- village  of  New  London  co..  Conn., 
in  Sprague  township,  on  tho  Shetucket  River,  42  uiiles  by 
rail  E.S.E.  of  Hartford.  It  has  2  churches,  a  convent,  auJd 
2  woollen-factories.     Pop.  about  750. 

Baltic,  a  post-village  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.,  37  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  W.  from  Canton.  It  bus  3  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  flour  nnd  hunbev.     Pop.  about  550. 

Baltic  Port,  or  Baltiiskoi,  b&l-tc-is-koy',  a  seaport 
of  Russia,  in  Esthonia,  near  the  entrance  of  the  Gulf  of 
Finland,  38  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Revel.     Pop.  446. 

Baltic  Provinces,  a  name  applied  to  tho  Russian 
governments  or  provinces  of  Courland,  Esthonia,  and  Livo- 
nia, where  the  German  language  is  spoken  by  the  dominant 
class.  The  terra  is  extended  also  to  the  government  of  St. 
Petersburg  (once  the  Swedish  province  of  Ingria),  and  is 
sometimes  made  to  include  tho  grand  duchy  of  Finland. 

Baltimore,  bawl't^-moro  or  bawlt'?-mor,  a  seaport  of 
Ireland,  at  its  S.  extremity,  co.  of  Cork,  on  a  small  bay,  47 
miles  S.W.  of  Cork.     Lat.  51°  29'  N. ;  Ion.  9°  20'  W. 

Baltimore,  bawl't^-more,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of 
Maryland,  has  an  area  of  about  622  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  on  the  S.  nnd  i 
W.  by  the  Patapsco  River.  It  is  also  drained  by  Gunpowder  I 
River.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  hills,  some  of  which 
aro  nearly  800  feet  higher  than  the  level  of  the  sea.  Among 
tho  mineral  resources  of  this  county  are  granite,  marble,  lime- 
stone, soapstone,  and  iron  ore.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple 
products.  Forests  of  the  ash,  beech,  chestnut,  hickory, 
maple,  oak,  and  other  trees  cover  nearly  one-fourth  of  the 
surface.  It  is  traversed  by  several  railroads.  Capital, 
Towson.     Pop.  in  1880,  83,336;  in  1890,  72,909. 

Baltimore,  a  hundred  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.  Pop.  3380. 
It  is  the  southeasternmost  hundred  in  the  state. 

Baltimore,  a  township  of  Ilenry  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1173. 
It  contains  Lowell. 

Baltimore,  a  city  and  port  of  entry,  the  metrc'polis 
of  the  state  of  Maryland,  is  situated  on  an  estuary  of  the 
Patapsco  River  (locally  known  ns  "The  Basin"),  12  miles 
from  its  entrance  into  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  180  miles  by 
ship-channel  from  the  se.a.  Lat.  39°  1 7'  N. ;  Ion.  76°  37'  W. 
It  is  the  terminus  of  the  Baltimore  <t  Ohio,  Northern  Cen- 
tral, Western  Maryland,  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  &  Bal- 
timore, Baltimore  &  Potomac,  Annapolis  Short  Line,  and 
Maryland  Central  Railroads.  Its  harbor  is  spacious  and 
secure:  it  has  been  deepened  artificially  to  a  minimum  of 
24  feet.  Tho  facilities  for  transfer  of  freight  from  the  rail- 
ways to  (he  shipping  are  excellent ;  and  in  recent  years  tho 
city  has  become  one  of  the  leading  places  of  export  in  the 
United  States,  especially  for  the  agricultural  products  of 
the  West  and  South.  It  is  built  upon  a  succession  of  pictu- 
resque eminences ;  and  the  city  and  its  surroundings  aro 
regarded  as  surpassing  nearly  every  other  large  cicy  of  the 
United  States  in  variety  and  elegance.  Its  principal  streets. 
are  broad,  and  traversed  by  street-cars  and  cable-railways ; 
and  many  of  its  public  and  private  buildings  are  noteworthy 
for  size,  beauty,  and  fine  situation.  There  are  several  j>ark3, 
and  many  fine  public  squares.  Among  the  prominent  build- 
ings are  the  Catholic  cathedral,  tho  city  hall,  the  custom- 
house, the  building  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Associa- 
tion, the  masonic  temple  (destroved  by  fire  about  Christinas, 
1890),  the  Kialto  (where  the  stock  board  meets),  and  the 
academy  of  music.  'The  Washington,  Wells  &  McCoinas, 
and  Battle  Monuments  are  prominent  structures,  and  have 
given  Baltimore  the  title  of  "  the  monumental  city."  It 
has  also  the  first  monument  erected  to  Columbus  in  the 
United  States  (nearly  a  hundred  years  ago).  A  shot-toworj 
246  feet  high,  is  a  very  conspicuous  object.  The  city  court- 
house, the  exchange,  the  athenseum.  tho  new  post-office,  the 
United  States  court-house,  the  building  of  the  Maryland 
Institute  and  that  of  tho  Pen  body  Institute,  as  well  as  some 
of  the  railway  stations  and  newspaper  buildings,  aro  archi- 
tectural works  of  great  elegance  and  magnitude.    With  its 


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316  edifices  of  public  worship,  it  may  also  justly  be  termed 
the  "city  of  churclies."  Clifton,  within  the  city  limits,  is 
the  prospective  site  of  the  richly-endowed  Johns  Hopkins 
University  and  Hospitiil,  although  the  present  university 
buildings  are  on  N.  Howard  Street  and  the  hospital  on 
N.  Broadway.  With  the  Peabody  Institute  are  connected 
an  art  academy  and  a  conservatory  of  music.  Other  insti- 
tutions are  Loyola  College,  St.  Mary's  College  and  Senni- 
nary,  law  and  medical  schools  connected  with  the  University 
of  Maryland,  and  a  large  number  of  public  and  private 
schools  of  every  grade.  More  than  20  periodicals  are  issued 
here,  including  7  daily  newspapers.  Among  the  numerous 
charitable  institutions  are  three  asylums  for  the  insane;  the 
Baltimore  Infirmary;  a  state  institution  for  the  blind,  one 
for  deaf-mutes,  and  one  also  for  the  colored  blind  ;  twelve  or 
more  Catholic  orphanages,  asylums,  and  hospitals;  several 
I'lotesiant  and  non-denominational  hospitals  and  orphans' 
homes;  an  aged  women's  home  (with  a  fine  building; ;  a 
home  for  old  men  ;  a  home  of  the  friendless ;  a  state  peni- 
tentiary ;  a  jail :  a  house  of  refuge,  Ac.  Among  the  public 
schools  are  the  Baltimore  City  College  (male  high  school),  a 
State  normal  school,  two  female  high  schools,  a  manual 
training  school  (the  first  in  the  United  States),  and  40 
grammar  schools.  Boys  and  girls  are  instructed  sepurately, 
»nd  distinct  schools  are  also  maintained  for  colored  children. 

The  water-supply  is  ample.  The  ordinary  supply  of  water 
comes  from  Lake  Roland,  2  miles  distant,  and  is  supple- 
mented by  water  brought  through  an  expensive  aqueduct 
from  Gunpowder  River.  Among  the  parks,  that  of  Druid 
Hill,  containing  700  acres,  in  the  N.  part  of  the  city,  is 
especially  fine.  Patterson's  Park  in  the  E.,  and  Riverside 
Park  in  the  S.  part  of  the  city,  are  also  noteworthy.  There 
are  several  suburban  cemeteries,  of  which  that  at  Green- 
mount  is  the  largest. 

The  leading  industrial  enterprises  are  the  packing  of 
fruits  and  oysters,  and  the  manufacture  of  boots,  shoes,  cot- 
ton goods,  flour,  fertilizers,  bricks,  machinery,  and  metallic 
■wares.     Ship-building  is  also  carried  on. 

The  export  trade  of  Baltimore,  both  foreign  and  coast- 
Wise,  is  very  great.  The  grain  trade  with  Europe  is  of 
first  importance;  but  naval  stores,  cotton,  provisions,  &o., 
are  also  extensively  shi|)ped.  The  imports  are  chiefly 
European  manufactured  goods  and  West  Indian  and  South 
American  products.  Baltimore  has  long  been  the  leading 
American  port  in  the  importation  of  guano,  and  in  the 
cofiee  trade  it  is  especially  prominent.  Steamship  lines 
connect  Baltimore  with  Liverpool,  Bremen,  and  the  prin- 
cipal domestic  ports. 

There  were,  in  1S92,  in  Baltimore,  22  national  banks,  with 
an  aggregate  capital  of  $1.3,243,260  and  a  circulation  of 
$1,031,800,  besides  which  there  were  5  state  banks  with  a 
capital  of  $1,128,150.  Baltimore  has  about  20  insurance 
companies,  including  life,  fire,  and  marine  companies. 

Baltimore  was  founded  in  1730.  and  incorporated  as  a 
city  in  1797.  The  bombardment  of  Fort  McHenry  by  the 
British,  and  the  battle  of  North  Point,  where  the  citizens 
of  Baltimore  repelled  the  British  advance,  were  important 
events  of  the  war  of  1812-15.  Baltimore  is  the  seat  of  a 
Catholic  archbishop,  the  titular  primate  of  the  United  States. 

In  1770  the  population  was  13,503;  in  1800,  26,514;  in 
1810,  35,538;  in  1820,  62,738;  in  1830,  80,^25;  in  1840, 
102,313;  in  1850,  169.054;  in  1800,  212,418;  in  1870, 
267,354;  in  1880,  332,313;  in  1890,  434,439. 

"  The  Belt,"  formerly  a  portion  of  Baltimore-  co.,  con- 
tiguous to  the  city,  two  miles  in  extent  N.  and  one  mile  in 
width  to  the  W.,  was  annexed  in  1888. 

Baltimore,  a  township  of  Barry  oo.,  Mich.,  40  miles 
W.S.  W.  of  Lansing,  and  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hastings.  It  con- 
tains the  po$t-hamlet  of  Dowling.    Pop.  of  township,  1266. 

Baltimore,  a  hamlet  of  Cortland  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Preble 
township,  J  mile  from  Preble  Station. 

Baltimore,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.,  in  Lib- 
erty township,  on  the  Ohio  <fc  Erie  Canal,  about  24  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Columbus,  and  10  miles  N.  of  Lancaster.  It  has 
4  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  several  flouring-mills. 
Pop.  489. 

Baltimore,  Montgomery  co.,  0.   See  West  Baltimoue. 

Baltimore,  a  township  of  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  3  miles 
N.E.  of  Gassett's  Station.     Pop.  83. 

Baltimore,  a  post-village  in  Northumberland  co.,  On- 
tario, 5  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Cobourg.  It  contains  carding- 
and  grist-mills,  a  woollen-factory,  a  tannery,  and  a  cheese- 
factory.     Pop.  500. 

Baltinglass,  bawlt-ing-glass',  a  town  of  Ireland,  cos. 
of  Wicklow  and  Carlow,  on  the  Slaney,  12  miles  N.E.  of 
Carlo  w.     Pop.  1241. 

Baltique,  the  French  for  Baltic. 


Bal'trum,  a  small  low  island  of  Prussia,  in  the  German 
Ocean,  3^  miles  from  the  coast.     Pop.  178. 

Baltshik,  Baitchik,  or  Baltschik,  bdlt'shcck', 
written  also  Baidshik  and  Baldjik,  bdrjeek',  a  town  of 
Bulgaria,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Varna,  on  the  Black  Sea,  near 
the  ruins  of  Tomi,  the  place  of  Ovid's  exile.     Pop.  5000. 

Ba'lu,  an  island  of  British  Burmah,  Gulf  of  Martaban, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Salwin.   It  is  17  miles  long  and  8  broad. 

Baluchistan,  a  country  of  Asia.    See  Beloochistax. 

Balu-Kissar,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Balikksk. 

Balvaiio,  bdl-vS.'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  15: 
miles  W.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  3739. 

Balvash'  (or  Poolvash')  Bay,  Isle  of  Man,  at  the 
S.  end  of  the  island,  affords  good  anchorage  and  shelter. 

Balzola,  bdl-zo'l4,  a  town  of  Italy,  5  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Casale,  with  a  hospital.     Pop.  2992. 

Bam,  Bahm,  or  Bamm,  bA.m,  a  fortified  town  of 
Persia,  in  Kerman,  S.E.  of  the  city  of  Kerman,  and  S.  of 
the  Kermanian  desert.     Pop.  8000. 

Bam'ba,  a  considerable  town,  capital  of  a  province  of 
its  own  name,  in  Congo,  Africa,  about  100  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Ambriz,  The  province  has  mines  of  salt,  silver,  copper, 
lead,  and  iron. 

Bambarra,  bam-b4r'ra,  a  state  of  Western  Africa,  in 
Soodan,  mostly  between  lat.  12°  and  14°  N.  and  Ion.  6° 
and  9°  W.,  having  on  the  S.  the  Mandingo  country,  and 
elsewhere  Kaarta,  Beeroo,  and  other  states.  The  surface  is 
mostly  a  level  table-land,  traversed  from  S.AV.  to  N.E.  by 
the  Niger,  on  which  are  its  principal  towns,  Sego,  Sansan- 
ding,  Yamina,  and  Bammakoo.  The  heat  is  intense.  The 
rainy  season  lasts  from  June  to  November.  The  shea  or 
butter-tree,  bombax  or  cotton-tree,  baobab,  oil-palm,  d.ate, 
tamarind,  Ac,  are  indigenous ;  maize,  millet,  rice,  and  cas- 
sava yield  two  crops  a  year.  The  Bambarras  are  negroes' 
of  the  Mandingo  race,  and  tolerably  advanced  in  agricul- 
ture :  they  spin  and  dye,  work  in  iron  and  gold,  manufac- 
ture leather,  and  carry  on  trade,  exporting  iron,  cloths, 
ivory,  slaves,  and  grain,  and  importing  salt,  hardware, 
arms,  and  cotton  goods.  The  government  is  oligarchical. 
Three-fourths  of  the  population  are  slaves  and  pagans,  but' 
the  upper  classes  profess  Mohammedanism. 

Bambarra,  a  town  of  the  Soodan,  Africa,  on  a  back- 
water of  the  Niger,  115  miles  S.S.W.  of  Timbuctoo.  It  has- 
an  important  trade. 

Bambecque,  b6M'b5k',  a  village  of  France,  depart- 
ment  of  Nord,  arrondissement  of  Bunkerque.     Pop.  1014. 

Bam'ber,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  in  Lacey 
township,  on  the  'luckerton  Railroad,  24  miles  N.  of  Tucker- 
ton.    It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  and  several  cranberry  bogs. 

Bamberg,  bam'b§rg  (Ger.  pron.  bS,m'bfinG),  a  town  of 
Bavaria,  Upper  Franconia,  and  an  important  railway  juno-. 
tion,  33  miles  N.  of  Nuremberg,  is  beautifully  situated  at 
the  foot  of  a  range  clothed  with  orchards  and  vineyards, 
and  traversed  by  the  Regnitz,  the  branches  of  which  divide 
the  town  into  three  districts.  The  communication  between 
these  districts  is  maintained  by  bridges.  The  town  is  partly^ 
surrounded  by  walls.  Its  handsome  houses,  spacious  and 
well-lighted  streets,  with  the  pleasant  walks  and  the  gar- 
dens of  the  environs,  make  it  one  of  the  finest  towns  in  Ba- 
varia. Among  the  public  buildings  of  note  are  the  Dom 
Kirche  or  cathedral,  a  fine  structure  in  the  Byzantine  style, 
founded  in  1004,  and  containing,  among  other  interesting 
monuments,  the  curious  and  richly  sculptured  tomb  of  Henry 
II.  and  his  empress,  Cunigunda ;  the  church  of  St.  James^ 
founded  in  1073 ;  the  upper  parish  church,  or  St.  Mary's,  ■ 
a  handsome  Gothic  building  of  a  quadrangular  form  ;  the 
church  of  St.  Martin's,  a  massive  structure,  in  which  beauty 
and  grandeur  are  happily  combined,  and  to  which  is  at  • 
tachcd  a  library  rich  in  manuscripts ;  the  old  Benedictine 
monastery,  now  converted  into  a  workhouse ;  the  old  palace 
of  the  bishops  of  Bamberg;  the  theatre,  the  town  hall, 
a  lyceum,  a  normal  school,  a  mechanics'  institute,  a  draw- 
ing academy,  a  royal  library  containing  150,000  bound 
volumes,  a  museum  of  natural  history,  a  cabinet  of  natural 
and  experimental  philosophy,  surgical,  anatomical,  and 
other  medical  schools,  the  general  infirmary,  and  a  lunatio 
asylum.  The  principal  manufactures  of  the  town  are  of. 
beer,  porcelain,  gloves,  jewelry,  wax,  tobacco,  starch,  mu- 
sical instruments,  marble  wares,  <fec.  Large  quantities  of 
garden -seeds  and  of  liquorice  are  raised  in  the  vicinity. 
Pop.  in  1885,  31,418. 

Bam'berg,  a  post-village  in  Bamberg  township,  Barn- 
well CO.,  S.C.,  74  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Charleston.  It  haa 
4  churches,  2  banks,  <fcc.     Pop.  696 ;  of  the  township,  3881. 

Bam'berg,  or  Wei'mer,  a  post- village  in  Waterloa- 
CO..  Ontario,  7  miles  from  Petersburg.     Pop.  150. 

Bam^boo',  a  post-office  of  Watauga  co.,  N.G 


BAM 


580 


BAN 


Bambook,  Bambouk,  or  Bambnk,  b&m-book',  a 
country  of  Africa,  in  tho  nnj(lo  formod  by  tlio  Falenifi  and 
the  Senegal,  S.  of  the  latter  river,  E.  of  IJonJoo,  and  N.  of 
Wooli  and  Dontila,  between  lat.  12°  30' and  14°  30' N.,  and 
between  Ion.  10°  30'  15"  and  12°  16'  W.  It  is  Bupnoeod  to  be 
about  140  miles  in  length,  by  80  to  100  in  breadth.  It  is 
mountainous,  the  higher  regions  being  sterile,  but  tho  val- 
leys and  plains  are  remarkable  for  their  fertility,  and  for 
the  exubcnince  of  their  vegetation.  The  enormous  baobab, 
the  calubiish,  ami  tho  tamarind,  with  a  great  variety  of 
•eacias  and  palm  trees,  all  reach  here  tho  utmost  limits  of 
their  growth  and  fruitfulness.  The  soil  produces  likewise 
in  abundance,  and  almost  without  culture,  maize,  millet,  cot- 
ton, watermelons,  &c.  The  lowlands  yield  large  crops  of 
rice.  Immense  herds  of  wild  oxen  rove  through  tho  forests 
and  plains.  Lions  and  elephants  are  also  numerous,  while 
the  rivers  swarm  with  crocodiles.  But  the  most  remarkable 
feature  of  Bambook  is  its  rich  iron-  and  gold-mines.  Bam- 
book  is  densely  peopled.  The  natives  are  Mandingoos, 
professedly  Mohammedans,  and  though  formerly  consid- 
ered cruel  and  ferocious,  are  now  said  to  b<>  of  peaceful 
habits,  good  elephant  hunters,  and  exoclletit  gold  miners. 
Bambook  was  at  one  time,  during  the  fifteenth  century,  in 
the  possession  of  the  Portuguese;  and  the  French  have  now 
several  commercial  stations  in  tho  country,  and  claim  n  kind 
of  suzerainty  over  the  native  chiefs.     Pop,  iibout  800,000. 

Bnmboura,  bim-boo'ri,  a  ruined  city  of  Sinde,  in  lat. 
24°  40'  N.,  Ion.  07*^  41'  E.,  bearing  traces  of  former  im- 
portance, and  supposed  to  have  been  identical  with  Brah- 
minabad,  the  capital  of  a  kingdom  in  the  tenth  century. 

Bam  borough,  bam'bur-rah,  or  Bambrongh,  bam'- 
briSh,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Northumberland,  16  miles 
S.E.  of  Berwick.  Bamborough  Castle,  founded  about  A.n. 
&64,  stands  on  a  high  rock  projecting  into  tho  North  Sea. 
Pop.  of  village,  320 ;  of  parish,  3751. 

Bamff',  a  town  of  Scotland.     See  Banff, 

Bam^gurh',  or  Bham^garh',  a  town  of  the  Nimar 
district.  India,  8  miles  E.  of  Khundwa.     Pop.  8800. 

Baniian,  bi'mee'in',  Bainigan,  or  Baunieean,  a 
famous  valley  and  pass  of  Afghanistan,  leading  into  Khoon- 
dooz,  between  the  Ilindoo-Koosh  range  and  Paropamisan 
Mountains.  Lat.  34°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  67°  48'  E.  Greatest  ele- 
vation of  pass,  8496  feet.  The  whole  valley  is  strewed  with 
the  ruins  of  the  city  of  Bamian  or  (Julgula,  destroyed  by  the 
Mongols  under  Jenghis  Khan  in  1222. 

Bammakoo,  bim-m8,-koo',  a  town  of  Africa,  state  of 
Banibarra,  on  tho  Niger,  145  miles  W.S.W.  of  Sego. 

Bamoo,  a  town  of  Burmah.    See  Bhamo. 

Bampoora,  Ilindostnn.    See  Bhanpooka. 

Bamp'ton,  or  Bathamp'ton,  a  town  of  England, 
CO.  of  Devon,  6  miles  N.  of  Tiverton.     Pop,  1111. 

Bam'ra,  a  native  state  of  India,  bounded  E.  by  tho 
Cuttack  Mehals,  and  enclosed  on  all  sides  by  other  petty 
states.     Area,  1988  square  miles.     Pop.  in  1872,  53,613. 

■  Ban,  bin,  or  Banovitz,  bin-o-vits',  a  town  of  North- 
ern Hungary,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Trentschin.     Pop.  2500. 

Bnnaganpilly,  a  town  of  India.    See  Banganapii-ly. 

Banagher,  ban'a-ner,  a  town  of  Ireland,  King's  co.,  on 
the  Shannon.  ';!1  miles  W.S.W.  of  Tullamore.     Pop.  1206. 

Banak  Islands.    See  Baniak  Islands. 

Bafialbufar,  bin'yil-boo-fan',  a  town  of  the  island  of 
Majorca,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Palma.     Pop.  533. 

Banal-Militcirgrenze,  bi'nil  me-le-tain'grSnt's^h, 
ft  division  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Croatia,  between  the  rivers 
Save,  Kulpa,  and  Una.     Area,  800  square  miles. 

Banani,  bi^nim',  a  large  village  of  Asia  Minor,  in  Ana- 
tolia, 26  miles  S.E.  of  Angora. 

Banana,  ba-ni'na,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co.,  Fla. 

■  Banana,  a  port  of  Africa,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  Congo, 
near  its  mouth,  has  English,  French,  and  Dutch  commer- 
cial factories.     Steamers  ply  from  Rotterdam  to  this  place. 

Banana  (bi-ni'ni)  Islands,  a  group  of  small  islands 
N.W.  of  Africa,  off  Sierra  Leone,  near  Cape  Shilling.  Lat. 
8°8'N.;  Ion.  13°  11' 42"  W. 

Bananal,  bS,-nil-n&l',  a  village  of  Brazil,  state  of  Sao 
Paulo,  and  on  the  road  from  Sao  Paulo  to  Kio  Janeiro,  near 
the  Parahiba  do  Sul. 

Bananal,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state  of  Rio  do  .Janeiro, 
on  the  Bananal,  an  affluent  of  the  Parahiba  do  Sul. 

Bananal,  New  Beira  (bi'e-ri),  or  Santa  Anna, 
a  large  river-island  of  Brazil,  formed  by  tho  River  Araguay, 
in  the  state  of  Matto-Grosso,  is  200  miles  long  by  about 
S5  broad,  covered  with  vast  forests,  and  has  in  its  centre  a 
navigable  lake  said  to  be  about  9U  miles  long  by  30  miles 
broad.  The  soil  is  extremely  fertile.  The  name  Bananal 
was  given  it  from  the  remarkable  increase  in  the  banana- 
trees  planted  there  bj  the  discoverers  in  1773. 


Banara,  b&-n&'r&,  a  village  of  Persia,  province  of 
Laristan,  48  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lar. 

Banas>Chni,  bin'As-chi',  a  river  of  Asia  Minor,  in 
Anatolia,  flows  S.W.  to  the  Mender  (anc.  Mir.an'dcr),  which 
it  joins  45  miles  E.S.E.  of  Ala-Shehr.     Length,  70  miles. 

Banal,  b&-n&t'  (Ger.  Banater  0 rente,  b4-n4't?r  grint'- 
sfh),  a  region  of  Hungary,  consisting  of  the  counties  of 
Tomosvar,  Torontal,  and  Krasso,  and  two  military  districts, 
called  the  German  Banat  and  the  Wallacho-Illyrian  Banat. 
Greatest  length,  from  E.  to  W.,  120  miles;  greatest  breadth, 
from  N.  to  S.,  98  miles.  It  is  bounded  by  the  Danube,  Thciss, 
and  Maros  on  all  sides  except  the  E.,  where  it  becomes  hilly. 
The  other  rivers  are  the  Temes,  the  Nera,  the  Karasch,  and 
tho  Alt  Bega,  so  called  to  distinguish  it  from  tho  Ncu  Bega, 
a  canal  about  85  miles  long,  and  wholly  within  the  j)rovinco. 
The  Banat  is  ono  of  the  most  fertile  districts  in  Europe. 
Its  wheat  has  long  been  famous  for  quantity  and  excellence. 
Tho  vine  is  extensively  planted,  and  great  attention  is  paid 
to  the  roaring  of  silk.  Good  cotton  also  is  grown.  Coal  is 
the  principal  mineral,  but  iron,  copper,  lead,  Ac.,  are  found. 
Though  called  a  banat,  it  is  said  that  this  region  never  was 
ruled  by  a  ban.  Chief  town,  Temes  var.   Pop.  about  1,5(10.000. 

Banat-Konilos,  buh'not'-kdmMosh',  a  village  of  Hun- 
gary, CO.  of  Torontal,  37  miles  S.E.  of  Szcgedin.    Pop.  6715. 

Banawarani,  bi-ni-war-Am',  a  town  of  India,  in  the 
Mysore  dominion,  77  miles  N.N.W.  of  Seringn]iiitam. 

Ban'bridgc,  a  town  of  Ireland,  eo.  of  Down,  on  the 
Upper  Bann,  7  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Dromore.  It  is  a 
principal  seat  of  the  linen  trade,  and  has  extensive  cloth* 
and  thread-factories,  chemical  works,  Ac.     Pop.  5(')00, 

Banbury,  ban'b§r-e,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Oxford, 
21  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Oxford.  It  is  remarkably  neat  and 
clean,  has  a  largo  church,  built  in  imitation  of  St.  Paul's 
Cathedral,  a  scientific  school,  several  foundries  and  brew- 
eries, and  is  a  railway  junction.  Banbury  has  long  been 
noted  for  cakes  which  bear  its  name.     Pop.  4122. 

Banca,  Banka,  or  Bangka,  bnng'ka,  an  island  in 
the  Malay  Archipelago,  belonging  to  the  Netherlands,  be- 
tween  Sumatra  and  Borneo.  It  is  about  108  miles  long  by 
64  broad  at  its  N,  end,  the  broadest  part;  area,  4340  square 
miles.  It  has  several  bays,  of  which  the  most  important 
arc  Mintow  and  Claba.  The  surface  is  hilly;  the  higher 
hills  are  of  granite,  the  lower  of  red  ferruginous  earth.  In 
.alluvium  between  these  latter  are  found  the  tin  deposits, 
discovered  lirst  in  1710,  and  rarely  more  than  25  feel  below 
the  surface.  Gnly  a  small  portion  of  the  island,  in  the  X. 
end,  near  the  capital,  Mintow  or  Mintao,  has  yet  been  ex- 
plored for  this  metal,  the  yield  of  which  is  about  4(100  tuns 
annually.  The  Banca  tin  is  the  best  in  the  world.  Besides 
this  metal,  tho  island  yields  iron,  lead,  feldspar,  copper, 
silver,  and  arsenic,  rock-crystal,  amethyst,  and  lignite. 
Among  the  vegetable  productions  may  be  named  dragon's- 
blood,  nutmegs,  benzoin,  sago,  <fec.  Banca  is  inhabited  by 
Malays,  Chinese,  <fec.     Pop.  54,339. 

Banca,  a  small  island  group  at  the  N.E.  point  of  Cel- 
ebes, separated  from  that  island  by  a  narrow  strait.  Tlie 
largest  island,  whence  the  group  takes  its  name,  is  in  lat, 
(E.  point)  1°  43'  S.,  Ion.  125°  12'  E. 

Bancalaan,  bin-ki-li\n',  a  small  island  in  the  Malay 
Archipelago,  near  the  S.W.  coast  of  Palawan.  Lat.  8°  Ji' 
N.:  Ion.  117°  18' E. 

Banca  I 'is,  an  island  of  the  East  Indies,  in  a  small  group 
off  the  N.E.  coast  of  Sumatra.  It  is  low  and  densely  wooded. 
Length,  35  miles;  breadth,  10  miles. 

Bancallan,  a  town  of  Madura.    See  Bankalan. 

Bancapoor,  a  town  of  India.    See  Bankapoou. 

Ban'ca  Strait,  between  the  islands  of  Banca  and 
Sumatra,  varies  from  8  to  20  miles  in  breadth. 

Bance  (banss)  Island,  a  small  fortified  island  in  th« 
estuary  of  the  Sierra  Leone  River,  Western  Africa. 

Bancoorah,  or  Bankura,  ban-koo'rah,  a  district 
of  India,  in  Bengal,  with  Burdwan  on  the  E.,  and  Mnn- 
bhoom  on  tho  W.  Capital,  Bancoorah.  Area,  1338  square 
miles.     Pop.  522,772. 

Bancoorah,  or  Bankura,  the  capital  of  the  above 
district,  is  on  the  river  Dhalkisor,  55  miles  W.  of  Burdwan. 
It  has  a  church,  public  library,  dispensary,  court-houses, 
and  government  school.     Pop.  16,794. 

Bancoot',  or  Fort  Victo'ria,  a  town  and  fort  of 
British  India,  70  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bombay,  at  the  mouth  of 
Bancoot  River.     It  has  a  small  harbor. 

Ban'croft,  a  post-town  of  Kossuth  co.,  Iowa,  21  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Algona.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  657. 

Bancroft,  a  post-office  of  Aroostook  co.,  Me.,  on  the 
Mattawamkeag  River.  Bancroft  Stiition  is  79  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Bangor.     Pop.  of  the  township,  177. 


BAN 


581 


BAN 


Bancroft,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berkshire  eo.,  Mass.,  on 
the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad,  33  miles  W.N.W.  of  Spring- 
field.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  paper-mill. 

Bancroft,  a  station  in  Marquette  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Marquette  A  Ishpcming  Railroad,  3  miles  W.  of  Marquette. 

Bancroft,  a  post-village  of  Shiawassee  co.,  Mich.,  28 
miles  hy  rail  N.E.  of  Lansing.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  642. 

Bancroft,  a  post-village  of  Daviess  co.,  Mo.,  about  30 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Chillicothe.     It  has  3  churches. 

Bancroft,  a  post-village  of  Cuming  co..  Neb.,  77  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Omaha.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  500. 

Bancroft,  a  post-village  of  Kingsbury  co.,  S.D.,  25 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Huron.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  200. 

Ban'da,  or  Ban'dah,  a  district  of  the  Allahabad  di- 
vision, North-West  Provinces,  British  India.  Lat.  24°  59' 
15"-25°  55'  30"  N.;  Ion.  80°  2'  45"-81°  38'  E.  Area,  3030 
square  miles.  The  river  Jumna  washes  its  N.  boundary. 
Capital,  Bjinda.     Pop.  697,610. 

Banda,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  Banda  district,  95 
miles  W.  of  Allahabad,  on  the  river  Cane  or  Ken.  It  is 
ill  built,  with  a  spacious  palace  for  the  nawab.  The  town 
has  a  great  trade  in  cotton.     Pop.  27,573. 

Banda  (bin'dA)  Isles,  a  group  of  twelve  small  but 
important  islands  in  the  Molucca  Archipelago,  belonging 
to  the  Dutch,  50  miles  S.  of  Ceram.  Lat.  4°  30'  S. ;  Ion, 
129°  50'  E.  They  are  all  lofty  and  volcanic,  and  the  four 
larger  are  appropriated  to  the  production  of  nutmegs  and 
.mace,  700,000  pounds  of  the  former  and  250,000  pounds  of 
the  latter  being  produced  annually.  The  harbor  lies  N.  of 
the  island  of  Great  Banda,  and  between  it  and  the  islands 
of  Banda  Nera  and  Goonong  Apee.  It  is  defended  by  sev- 
eral forts.  On  the  former  of  these  islands  is  the  governor's 
residence,  and  the  small  town  of  the  same  name,  the  houses 
in  which  .are  chiefly  of  wood,  and  roofed  with  leaves,  on 
account  of  the  earthquakes  to  which  the  group  is  subject. 
The  island  of  Goonong  Apee  rises  7880  feet  above  the  sea, 
and  is  one  of  the  most  active  volcanoes  in  the  Archipelago. 
Pop.  of  Banda  residency,  111,194. 

llanda  Oriental.    See  Uruguay. 

Banda  Sea,  in  the  Mal.ay  Archipelago,  the  space  of 
sea  enclosed  by  the  islands  of  Booro  and  Ceram  on  the  N., 
Timor  and  the  Sorawatty  Islands  on  the  S.,  Timor  Laut, 
Larat,  and  other  small  islands  on  the  E.,  and  the  Flores 
Sea  on  the  W. 

Band'ed  Peak,  or  Mount  Hes'perus,  a  peak  of 
the  San  Juan  Mountains,  in  the  S.  part  of  Colorado.  Alti- 
tude, 12,860  feet  above  the  sea-level.  It  is  composed  mainly 
of  volcanic  rocks,  trachyte,  and  shale. 

Ban-de-la-Roche,  b6.N«-d?h-ia,-rosh',  or  Stein- 
thal,  stin'til,  a  valley  of  Alsace,  in  the  Vosges  Mountains, 
the  scene  of  Oberlin's  labors.  At  the  entrance  to  the  valley, 
in  the  village  of  Fonday,  is  the  tomb  of  Oberlin. 

Bander,  a  port  or  anchorage.     See  Bundek. 

Bandera,  bln-di'ril,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of 
Texas,  has  an  area  of  about  900  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Medina  River,  the  valley  of  which  is  said  to  be  15 
miles  wide.  The  surface  is  hilly;  the  soil  is  partly  product- 
ive. Cattle,  sheep,  Indi.an  corn,  and  wool  are  the  staple 
products.  Capital,  Bandera.  Pop.  in  1870,  649;  in  1880, 
2158;  in  1890,  3782. 

Bandera,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Bandera  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  Medina  River,  45  miles  N.W.  of  San  Antonio.  It 
has  a  church.  Near  here  are  curious  water-worn  gullys, 
gulches,  and  labyrinthine  caves  in  the  limestone  formation. 

Banditti  (ban  dit'tee)  Isle,  Malay  Archipelago,  in 
the  strait  between  Lombok  and  Bali,  20  miles  in  circum- 
ference.    Lat.  8°  50'  N.;  Ion.  115°  30'  E. 

Bandoli*,  b6NoMol',  a  village  of  France,  in  Var,  on  the 
Mediterranean,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Toulon.     Pop.  1814. 

Bandon,  ban'd^n,  a  river  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Cork,  rises 
near  Dunmanway,  and  flows  S.E.  to  the  Atlantic,  forming 
the  harbor  of  Kinsale.     Length,  40  miles. 

Ban'don,  or  Ban'donbridge,  a  town  of  Ireland,  20 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Cork,  on  both  banks  of  the  Bandon, 
a  beautiful  stream.  It  has  a  court-house,  savings-bank, 
hospital,  bridewell,  barracks,  schools,  and  manufactures. 
Pop.  6074. 

Bandon,  a  post-town  and  seaport  of  Coos  co.,  Oregon, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Coquille  River,  about  20  miles  S.  of 
Empire  City.     It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac. 

BanMong',  a  town  of  the  East  Indies,  on  the  W.  coast 
of  Java.     Near  it  is  the  volcano  of  Goontoor. 

Banec,  or  Bannec,  bin^nfik',  an  island  of  France, 
department  of  Finistdre,  between  Ushant  and  the  mainland. 


Bancia,  a  village  of  Mississippi.    See  Bf.nela. 

Baneras,  bin-yi'ris,  a  town  of  Spain,  27  miles  N.'^V 
of  Alicante,  with  an  ancient  castle.     Pop.  2300. 

Baiieza,  or  La  Baiieza,  1&  bin-yi'thi,  a  town  of 
Spain,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Leon.     Pop.  2830. 

Banff,  baraf,  or  Banlfshire,  bamf'shir,  a  maritime 
county  of  Scotland,  having  N.  Moray  Firth,  E.  and  S.  the 
county  of  Aberdeen,  and  W.  the  counties  of  Inverness  and 
Moray.  Area,  686  square  miles.  The  surface  is  mountain- 
ous, except  on  the  coast,  where  it  is  level.  The  agriculture 
is  excellent,  and  the  soil  generally  good.  Cairngorm  Moun- 
tain, 4095  feet  in  height,  is  mostly  in  this  county.  Chief 
rivers,  the  Spey,  Avon,  and  Deveron.  Cattle-breeding  is 
the  principal  branch  of  rural  industry.  The  fisheries  are 
important.  Chief  towns,  Banff,  Cull  en,  and  Portsoy.  This 
county  returns  one  member  to  parliament.     Pop.  64,167. , 

Banff,  pronounced  and  sometimes  written  Bamff,  a 
town  of  Scotland,  capital  of  the  above  county,  on  the  Deve- 
ron, at  its  mouth  in  Moray  Firth,  38  miles  by  rail  N.N.W. 
of  Aberdeen.  Lat.  of  pier,  67°  40'  3"  N. ;  Ion.  2°  31'  5"  W. 
The  "  sea  town"  stands  on  an  abrupt  height  on  the  coast, 
the  "  inland  town"  on  the  river,  and  the  "  castle"  between 
the  two.  Banff  is  well  built,  and  has  a  town  house,  jail, 
market-house,  grammar-school,  custom-bouse,  banks,  county 
buildings,  and  several  fine  churches.  A  bridge  over  the 
Deveron  unites  the  town  with  Macduff.  Herrings,  salmon, 
cattle,  and  grain  are  shipped  hence.     Pop.  in  1891,  3871. 

Banffi-Hunyad,  b.anf'fee'-hoon'yod',  atown  of  Tran- 
sylvania, 22  miles  by  rail  N.N.AV.-of  Klausenburg.    P.  3283. 

Ban^gadu'ni,  a  coast  island  of  India,  one  of  the  Sun- 
derbunds  of  the  Ganges  delta,  between  the  rivers  B.angaduni 
and  Guasuba,  is  bounded  S.  by  the  sea  and  N.  by  a  navi- 
gable channel. 

Ban^gall',  apost-village  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.T.,  in  Stan- 
ford township,  on  the  New  York,  Boston  <fc  Montreal  and 
Poughkeepsie  &  Eastern  Railroads,  19  miles  N.E.  of  Pough- 
keepsie.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bangalore,  bang^ga-lore',  a  city  in  Southern  India, 
capital  of  Mysore,  on  a  table-land  nearly  8000  feet  in  eleva- 
tion, 70  miles  N.E.  of  Scringapatam.  It  is  enclosed  by 
walla,  and  has  fine  public  buildings,  a  college,  and  spacious 
gardens.  Owing  to  its  salubrity,  it  is  frequented  by  Euro- 
peans, and  is  furnished  with  m.any  European  shops,  with 
assembly-  and  reading-rooms,  and  good  barracks.  The 
principal  manufactures  are  of  silk  and  cotton  fabrics.  It  is 
connected  by  railway  with  Madras.     Pop.  191,300. 

Banganapilly,  b.^ng-ga-na-pil'lcc,  a  town  of  British 
India,  in  Madras,  69  miles  S.S.E.  of  Adoni,  on  theSooroo. 

Bangaon,  bS.ng*gi'on,  a  town  of  India,  Boglipoor  dis- 
trict, Bengal,  (55  miles  N.W.  of  Boglipoor.  It  is  an  ancient 
town,  the  seat  of  native  learning.     Pop.  4682. 

Bangassi,  bing-gi\s'see,  a  large  town  of  Western  Africfi, 
in  tho  Mandingo  country,  near  the  AVoolima  River. 

Bangcrmow,  or  Bangarmao,  bang'?r-mow',  a  town 
of  India,  in  Oude,  district  and  30  miles  N.AV.  of  Oonaft 
Lat.  26°  53'  N.;  Ion.  88°  50'  E.     Pop.  7021. 

Bangey,  or  Bangavi.     See  Bongav. 

Bangil ,  bln-ghcel',  a  town  of  Java,  23  miles  S.  of  Soer»- 
baya,  having  good  houses  and  a  spacious  market-place. 

Bangka,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Banca. 

Baug^kok',  or  Bangkok',  a  city,  capital  of  Siam,  on 
the  Menam,  20  miles  frotn  its  mouth.  Lat.  13°  38'  N. ;  Ion, 
100°  34'  E.  It  is  in  a  marshy  region,  but  is  generally 
healthy,  except  in  March,  April,  and  May.  Steamers  ply 
hence  to  Singapore  and  Hong-Kong.  Many  of  the  house* 
are  of  wood,  and  stand  on  posts :  and  many  others  are  built 
upon  rafts,  a  single  raft  often  having  eight  or  ten  houses 
upon  it.  'That  part  of  the  town  where  the  king  and  court 
dwell  is  walled  and  is  lighted  with  gas.  Some  of  the  creeks 
are  crossed  bj'  iron  bridges.  Here  are  Baptist,  Catholic,  and 
Presbyteri.an  missions  and  schools.  Two  newspapers  aro 
issued,  one  in  English  and  one  in  Siamese.  Tinware, 
bricks,  tiles,  mats,  and  fire-crackers  are  largely  manufac- 
tured. Sugar,  pepper,  teak,  rice,  cardamoms,  tin,  ivory, 
cotton,  hides,  skins,  and  horns  are  exported.  Value  of  ex- 
ports in  1890  was  £3,209,021  ($15,600,000):  of  imports, 
£2,631,020  ($12,600,000).  Pop.  600,000,  two-fifths  Siamese, 
one-fifth  Chinese,  and  the  re.-t  Malays,  Burmese,  Laos,  Ac, 
There  is  a  United  States  minister  resident  and  consul-general 
at  Bangkok. 

Bangor,  bang'gh^r  ("white  choir"),  a  city  of  Carnar- 
vonshire, North  AVales,  at  the  head  of  Beaumaris  Bay,  9 
miles  N.E.  of  Carnarvon.  It  is  at  a  railway  junction,  near 
the  Menai  Strait,  and  in  a  romantic  valley,  and  consists 
chiefly  of  one  narrow  street,  nearly  a  mile  in  length.  The 
cathedral  is  an  embattled,  cruciform  structure,  with  a  low, 
massive  tovrerj  and  in  one  of  the  transepts  service  is  celio- 


BA^ 


S82 


BAN 


bratod  in  the  Welsh  tongue.  Bangor  has  an  episoopal 
rmloco  und  a  deanery,  a  free  school,  founded  in  the  reign  of 
Elizabeth,  almshouses,  a  town  hall,  assembly-rooms,  and 
excellent  accommodation  for  visitors,  many  of  vhom  resort 
hither  fur  sea-bathing.     It  htis  a  tnido  in  slates.     Pop.  0S69. 

lltingor,  btin'gor,  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Down,  on  Bolfust  Lough,  12  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Belfast. 
It  has  a  market-house,  savings-bank,  public  library,  cotton- 
factories,  &c.     Pop.  2560. 

Uan'gor,  a  post-village  of  Blount  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
South  &  North  Alabama  llailroad,  38  miles  N.  of  Bir- 
mingham.    Hero  is  Mulberry  College  (Baptist). 

Uangor,  a  post-vilhige  of  Butte  co.,  Cal.,  13  miles 
6.E.  of  Urovillc.  It  hasachurchnndahotol.  Pop. about  300. 

Uangor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  Iowa,  in  Bangor 
township,  about  50  miles  N.E.  of  Dcs  Moines.  It  has  '2 
ohurches,  a  public  school,  and  several  stores.  Pop.  of  town- 
•hip,  619. 

Bangor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Licking  River,  68  miles  E.  of  Lexington.  It  has  a  steam 
grist-mill  and  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  a  trade  in  lumber. 

Bangor,  a  city  and  port  of  entry,  the  capital  of  Penob- 
scot CO.,  Me.,  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Penobscot  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Kenduskeag,  about  60 
miles  from  the  ocean.  By  railroad  it  is  73  miles  N.E.  of 
Augusta,  138  miles  N.E.  of  Portland,  and  246  miles  from 
Boston.  Lat.  44°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  68°  47'  AV.  It  is  on  the 
Maine  Central  Railroad,  and  is  the  W.  terminus  of  the  Euro- 
pean &  North  American  Railway,  which  connects  it  with 
St.  John  in  New  Brunswick,  and  is  also  the  N.  terminus 
of  the  Bucksport  A  Bangor  Railroad,  the  S.E.  terminus  of 
the  Piscataquis  Railroad,  and  the  N.W.  terminus  of  the 
Bangor  and  Bar  Harbor  Railroad.  A  bridge,  about  1300 
feet  long,  crossing  the  Penobscot  River,  connects  Bangor 
with  Brewer.      Bangor  is  the  third  city  in  the  state  in 

fopulation,  being  exceeded  only  by  Portland  and  Lewiston. 
t  is  one  of  the  greatest  depots  of  lumber  in  the  United 
States.  It  is  the  head  of  navigation  on  the  Penob  cot  River, 
which  traverses  extensive  forests  of  pine,  cedar,  spruce,  and 
hemlock.  Large  steamboats  and  ships  can  ascend  the  river 
to  this  place,  where  the  tide  rises  17  feet.  The  Kenduskeag 
River  here  affords  abundant  water-power,  which  is  employed 
in  numerous  mills.  Bangor  contains  a  granite  custom- 
house, which  cost  $201,755,  5  national  banks,  2  savings- 
banks,  19  churches,  a  high  school,  2  daily  and  3  weekly 
news^papers,  fiist-class  hotels,  4  foundries  with  machine- 
shops,  4  furniture-factories,  several  steam  planing-mills, 
and  3  boot-  and  shoe-manufactories.  This  city  is  the  seat 
of  the  Bangor  Theological  Seminary  (Congregational), 
which  was  founded  in  1820  and  has  an  endowment  of 
$170,000  and  a  library  of  13,000  volumes.  Nearly  2000 
cargoes  of  lumber  are  shipped  here  during  the  season  of 
navigation.  The  average  quantity  of  lumber  exported  in 
a  year  is  about  200,000,000  feet.  Bangor  is  also  engaged 
in  foreign  commerce,  the  coast-trade,  and  ship-building. 
About  75  vessels,  principally  American,  clear  from  Bangor 
for  foreign  ports  annually,  and  about  250  vessels  engaged 
in  the  coast  trade,  nearly  one-half  of  which  are  steamers, 
enter  this  port.  The  number  of  vessels  enrolled,  registered, 
and  licensed  here  is  about  200,  with  a  tonnage  of  over 
80,000.  A  dam  built  across  the  Penobscot,  just  above  the 
city,  furnishes  water  for  the  Holly  system  of  water-works 
which  supplies  the  city,  and  also  for  the  great  motive-power 
of  its  mills.  These  works  and  the  dam  cost.  $500,000.  Pop. 
in  1840,  8627;  in  1850,  14,432;  in  1860,  16,407;  in  1870, 
18,289;  in  1S80,  16,856;  in  1890,  19,103. 

Bangor,  a  township  of  Bay  co.,  Mich.,  on  Saginaw  Bay, 
at  the  mouth  of  Saginaw  River.  Pop.  4892.  It  contains 
villages  named  Banks  and  West  Bay  City. 

Bangor,  a  post-village  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.,  on 
Black  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  Michigan  Lake  Shore 
Railroad,  27  miles  N.E.  of  Benton  Harbor,  and  28  miles 
W.  of  Kalamazoo.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  2  graded 
schools,  a  newspaper  office,  a  woollen-mill,  a  flour-mill, 
a  saw-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  904  ;  of  township,  2384. 

Bangor,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Bangor 
town.-hip,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Malone.  The  township  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Ogdensburg  A  Lake  Champlain  Railroad 
(Bangor  Station),  and  contains  the  village  of  North  Bangor. 
It  has  6  starch-factories,  5  creameries  or  butter-factories, 
and  4  churches.     Pop.  2271. 

Bangor,  a  post-borough  of  Northampton  co.,  Pa.,  14 
miles  N.  of  Easton.  It  has  6  churches  and  a  bank,  and 
16  slate-quarries,  2  slate  mantel- works,  and  3  slate-mills, 
a  part  of  the  product  of  which  is  exported  from  Bangor  to 
Europe.     Pop.  in  1S90,  2509. 

Bangor,  York  oo.,  Pa.    See  West  Bakgob. 


Bangor,  a  post-villnge,  ennitjil  of  Walworth  co.,  S.I)., 
77  miles  W.  of  Aberdeen,  and  about  15  miles  E.  of  the 
Missouri  River.  It  has  2  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
private  bank,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  100. 

Bangor,  a  post-village  of  La  Crosse  oo..  Wis.,  i  mile 
8.  of  the  La  Crosse  River,  ond  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  La  Cropso, 
with  which  it  is  connected  by  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern* 
and  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroads.  It  has 
6  ohurches,  a  graded  sch<tol,  a  bank,  a  Swiss  cheese-factory 
and  creamery,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  499. 

Bangor,  a  post- village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  13  miles 
from  Whitby.     Pop.  100. 

Bang-pa-Kung,  bilng-pl-kfing',  a  river  of  Sinm, 
rises  in  the  mountains  which  separate  Siam  from  Cambodia 
and  flows  into  the  Gulf  of  Siam.     Length,  200  miles. 

Bang-pa-So,  bing-pl-sr)',  a  town  of  Siam,  near  the 
mouth  of  the  Bang-pa-Kung,  lat.  13°  30'  N.,  Ion.  101°  13' 
E.,  47  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bangkok.     Pop.  3500. 

Bangs,  a  post- village  of  Knox  co.,  0.,  in  Liberty  town- 
ship, on  the  Cleveland,  Mount  Vernon  A  Columbus  Rail- 
road, about  40  miles  from  Columbus.  It  has  a  church.  The 
county  infirmary  is  located  here. 

Bangucy,  b6ng-gi',  or  Bangui,  an  island  off  the  N. 
extremity  of  Borneo.     Lat.  7°  9'  N. ;  Ion.  117°  6'  E. 

Bang'weo'lo,  or  Bem'ba,  a  great  lake  of  Africa, 
about  lat.  11°-12°  S.  and  Ion.  27°  30'-30°  E.  It  is  150 
miles  long  from  E.  to  W.,  is  elevated  about  4000  feet,  and 
discharges  its  waters  through  the  river  Luapula,  one  of  the 
head-streams  of  the  Congo.  It  was  discovered  by  Living- 
stone in  1868. 

Banho,  bin'yo,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Bcira,  13  miles 
N.E.  of  Viseu.     Pop.  1278. 

Baniak  (bl-ne-ik')  Islands,  a  group  off  the  W.  coast 
of  Sumatra,  in  lat.  2°  20'  N.,  Ion.  90°  40'  E. 

Banialooka,  Banialouka,  Banjaluka,  or 
Bagna-Luka,  bin-yi-loo'ki,  a  fortified  town  of  Europe, 
in  Bosnia,  on  the  Verbas,  64  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Novi. 
It  has  many  mosques,  schools,  baths,  and  bazaars,  and 
manufactures  of  gunpowder  and  cloth.  Pop.  15,000. 
Banias,  a  village  of  Palestine.  See  Paxeas. 
Banias,  bi'ne-is,  a  village  of  Syria,  52  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Tripoli,  on  the  Mediterranean. 

Banilla,  bi-neel'll,  two  towns  of  Austria,  in  Bukowina, 
one  called  Moldavian  Banilla,  pop.  2549,  the  other  Rustiian 
Banilla,  pop.  3625;  the  one  31  miles  S.W.  and  the  other  33 
miles  W.  of  Czernowitz. 

Bun'ister,  a  river  in  the  S.  part  of  Virginia,  rises  in 
Pittsylvania  co.,  and,  flowing  in  a  southeasterly  course,  en- 
ters the  Dan  River  in  Halifax  oo.,  about  lU  miles  below 
Halifii.K  Court-House. 
Banister,  Virginia.  See  Halifax  CounT-HotisE. 
Banjaluka,  a  town  of  Turkey.  See  Banialooka. 
Banjcrmassin,  Bandjermassin,  Banjarma* 
sin,  bdn-j^r-miss'in,  Banjermassing,  or  Bandjer- 
massing,  bAn-j§r-m5,ss'ing,  written  also  Bandjer  and 
Bandermassin,  a  Dutch  possession  in  the  S.E.  of  Borneo, 
It  is  intersected  from  N.  to  S.  by  a  rangeof  mountains,  some 
of  which  are  upwards  of  3000  feet  in  elevation,  and  watered 
by  several  large  streams.  The  inhabitants  of  Banjcrmassin 
are  celebrated  for  the  manufacture  of  all  kinds  of  arms,  guns, 
pistols,  swords,  Ac,  which  are  finished  in  the  most  elaborate 
style.  The  iron  of  Doussen  (so  called  from  the  river  of 
the  same  name)  is  employed  in  the  manufacture,  and  serves 
in  place  of  money  with  the  aborigines.  Excellent  coal  is 
extensively  worked  by  the  Netherlands  government.  Gold 
and  diamonds  are  obtained.  Pej)per,  spices,  camphor,  rat- 
tans, gums,  wax,  and  edible  birds'-nests  are  exported.  The 
people  are  about  one-fifth  Mohammedan  Malays,  with  some 
Chinese,  and  four-fifths  Dyaks.     Pop.  about  600,000. 

Banjcrmassin,  or  Fort  Tatas,  in  Borneo,  the  cap- 
ital of  the  above,  is  on  the  river  Banjer,  15  miles  from  its 
mouth.  Lat.  3°  23'  S. ;  Ion.  114°  37'  E.  Banjcrmassin  has 
an  extensive  trade  with  China.  The  |>ort  is  not  occessiblo 
to  large  ships,  and  the  town  is  subject  to  floods :  hence  the 
houses  stand  very  generally  on  piles.     Pop.  30,000. 

Banjoemaas,  bin'yoo^miss',  a  town  of  the  Dutch  East 
Indies,  near  the  S.  coast  of  Java.    Lat.  7°  33'  N. ;  Ion.  109* 
20'  E.     It  is  the  capital  of  Banjoemaas  residency.     Pop. 
9000 ;  of  the  residency,  692,039. 
Banjoewangi,  a  town  of  Java.     See  Ba.vycwangy. 
Banka,  ban^ki',  or  Meng-ka,  a  town  of  Formosa,  on 
the  Tamsui  River,  12  miles  from  its  mouth.     At  its  suburb, 
Twatatai,  are  large  hongs,  stores,  tea-chest  manufactories, 
and  camphor-presses.     Its  port  is  at  Tamsui.     Pop.  30,000. 
Banka,  an  island,  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Banca. 
Bankalan,  bin'kiMin',  a  town  of  the  Dutch  East  In- 
dies, on  the  W.  coast  of  the  isiand  of  Madura,  15  miles  N. 


I 


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583 


BAN 


of  Soerabaya>  in  Java.  It  is  the  capital  of  a  small  state  of 
the  same  name,  and  the  seat  of  a  Dutch  vice-residency. 

Ban^kapoor',  a  town  of  the  Bombay  presidency,  India, 
district  and  a4  miles  S.S.E.  of  Darwar.     Pop.  6400. 

Bankee,  or  Banki,  bang'kee,  a  small  tributary  state 
of  Orissa,  India,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Mahanuddy.  It  is 
now  under  direct  British  control.  Area,  116  square  miles. 
Pop.  49,426.  Chief  town,  Bankee,  a  small  place,  lat.  20° 
21'  30"  N.,  Ion.  83°  33'  11"  E. 

Bankei;  bin^kfil',  an  island  in  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
nt  the  entrance  into  the  Bay  of  Tolo,  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Celebes  :  lat.  2°  20'  S.,  Ion.  122°  50'  E. 

Bank'ers,  a  post-village  of  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Cambria  township,  on  the  Detroit,  Hillsdale  <fe  Indiana  Rail- 
road, at  its  junction  with  the  Fort  Wayne,  Jackson  &  Sag- 
inaw Railroad,  94  miles  from  Detroit,  and  4  miles  S.W.  of 
HUlsdale.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  Ac.  Much  grain  is 
shipped  here. 

Bank'hcad,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co..  Ark. 

Bankipoor,  or  Bankipur,  bang^ke-poor',  an  im- 
portant English  town  of  India,  5  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Patna 
Station,  and  immediately  adjoining  Patna.  It  has  a  jail, 
dispensary,  Catholic  college,  and  government  buildings. 

Bank  Lick,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Kenton  co., 
Ky.,  on  the  Louisville  <fc  Cincinnati  Railroad,  17  miles  S.  of 
Cincinnati.     Here  is  a  church. 

Bankok,  a  city  of  Siam.     See  Bangkok. 

Banks,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an 
area  of  about  285  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  North 
Fork  of  tlie  Broad  River,  a  branch  of  which  rises  in  this 
county.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  partly  covered  with 
forests;  the  soil  produces  Indian  corn,  cotton,  wheat,  Ac. 
Branches  of  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad  pass  along 
its  W.  border.  Capital,  Homer.  Pop.  in  1870,4973;  in 
1880,  7337;  in  1890,  8562. 

Banks,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  277. 

Banks,  a  township  of  Antrim  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  555. 
It  contains  Antrim  City. 

Banks,  a  post-village  of  Bay  co.,  Mich.,  in  Bangor 
township,  on  the  W.  bank  of  Saginaw  River,  nearly  oppo- 
site Bay  City.  It  is  contiguous  to  Wenona,  and  is  part  of 
West  Bay  City.  It  has  manufactures  of  lumber  and  salt, 
a  town  hall,  and  a  church. 

Banks,  a  post-hamlet  of  Faribault  co.,  Minn.,  in  Foster 
township,  on  Rice  Lake,  about  18  miles  W.  of  Albert  Lea. 

Banks,  a  post-office  of  Wake  co.,  N.C. 

Banks,  a  township  of  Carbon  co..  Pa.,  including  Au- 
donried  and  Tresckow,  coal-towns  of  the  Beaver  Meadow 
Basin.     Pop.  3982. 

Banks,  a  township  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.     Pop.  747. 

Banks'  Island,  a  large  island  of  British  Columbia,  in 
the  Princess  Royal  Group.  Lat.  of  centre,  53°  30'  N.;  Ion. 
130°  W.     Length,  50  miles. 

Banks'  Islands,  a  group  of  17  islands  in  the  Pacific, 
lat.  14°  S.,  Ion.  169°  W. 

Banks'  Islands,  a  group  in  South  Australia,  in  Spen- 
cer's Gulf,  lat.  34°  30'  S.,  Ion.  136°  20'  E. 

Banks'  Land,  North  America,  in  the  Arctic,  lat.  74° 
N..  Ion.  116°  W.,  70  miles  S.W.  of  Melville  Island. 

Banks'  Peninsula,  in  New  Zealand,  on  Middle  Island, 
near  the  centre  of  its  E.  coast,  lat.  43°  40'  S.,  Ion.  173°  W. 
Length,  about  50  miles. 

Banks'  Strait,  between  Tasmania  and  the  Furneaux 
Ifliinds.  has  a  breadth  of  15  miles. 

Banks'ton,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
division  of  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad  between  Co- 
lumbus and  Birmingham.  10  miles  E.  of  F.nyette. 

Bankston,  a  post-villnge  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa,  9  miles 
N.  of  Farley,  and  8  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Durango. 

Bankston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Choctaw  co.,  Miss.,  about 
42  miles  S.S.E.  of  Grenada.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Banks'ville,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  CO.,  t;onn.,  about 
13  miles  W.  of  Norwalk,  has  2  churches.  It  is  partly  in 
Greenwich  township  and  partly  in  Westchester  co.,  N.Y. 

Banksville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Banks  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Hudson  River,  28  miles  N.  of  Athens.     It  has  2  churches. 

Banksville,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Little  Sawmill  Run  Railroad,  3  miles  from  Pittsburg. 

Banmo,  a  town  of  Burmah.    See  Bhamo. 

Bann,  or  Lower  Bann,  a  river  of  the  N.  of  Ireland, 
issues  from  Lough  Beg,  flows  N.N.W.  and  enters  the  ocean 
4  miles  S.W.  of  Portrush.     Length,  40  miles. 

Bann,  or  Upper  Bann,  a  river  of  the  N.  of  Ireland, 
rises  in  the  Mourne  Mountains,  flows  N.W.  through  the 
counties  of  Down  and  Armagh,  and  joins  Lough  Ncagh. 

Banna,  bin'ni,  a  river  of  Southern  Guinea,  rises  about 
80  miles  from  the  coast,  and  falls  into  the  sea  in  lat.  3°  30'  S. 


Ban'nack  City,  a  post-village  of  Beaver  Head  co., 
Montana,  is  near  the  N.E.  base  of  the  Rocky  Mo^ntain^, 
and  near  the  source  of  the  Jefferson  River,  about  60  miles 
W.  by  S.  from  Virginia  City.  Gold  and  silver  are  found 
near  this  place,  the  inhabitants  of  which  are  mostly  em- 
ployed in  mining.     It  has  a  church. 

Bannalec,  bin^ni'lfik',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Finistere,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Quimperle.     Pop.  4611. 

Bannec,  an  island  of  France.     See  Banec. 

Ban'nen,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  W,  Va.,  3J 
miles  from  Belton  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Ban'ner,  a  post-office  and  mining-village  of  San  Diego 
CO..  Cal.,  about  45  miles  N.E.  of  San  Diego. 

Banner,  a  post-township  of  Fulton  co.,  III.,  on  the 
Illinois  River,  about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Peoria,     Pop.  1104. 

Banner,  a  post-hamlct  of  Trego  co.,  Kansas,  15  miles 
S.W.  of  Wa-Keeney. 

Banner,  a  post-village  of  Calhoun  co..  Miss.,  18  miles 
E.  of  Water  Valley,  and  about  50  miles  S.  of  Holly  Springs. 
It  has  2  churches  and  several  stores. 

Banner,  a  post-office  of  Fond  du  Lac  co..  Wis. 

Banner's  KIk,  a  post-hamlet  of  Watauga  co.,  N.C,  40 
miles  N.  of  Morganton,  and  about  5  miles  from  Grandfather 
Mountain,  5807  feet  high.     It  has  a  grist  mill. 

Ban'nerville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Snyder  ^o.,  Pa.,  about 
16  miles  N.E.  of  Lewistown. 

Bannes,  binn,  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Ardeche.  arrondissement  of  Largentiero.     Pop.  2044. 

Ban'ning,  a  post-village  of  San  Bernardino  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  at  the  end  of  the  San  Gor- 
gonio  Flume,  80  miles  E.  of  Los  Angeles.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  lumber-mill. 

Ban'ning's,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg  &  Connellsville 
Railroad,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Connellsville,  Pa. 

Ban'nockburn,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  and  2i  miles 
S.  of  Stirling,  on  the  Bannock,  an  affluent  of  the  Forth. 
It  is  famous  for  the  great  victory  gained  here,  24th  June, 
1314,  by  the  Scots,  under  Bruce,  over  the  English,  com- 
manded by  Edward  II.     Pop.  2564. 

Ban'nockburn,  a  post-village  in  Hastings  co.,  On- 
tario, on  the  Moira,  40  miles  N.  of  Belleville.     Pop.  100. 

Ban'nock  River,  Idaho,  runs  northward  in  Oneida 
CO.,  and  enters  the  Snake  or  Lewis  River  about  8  miles 
below  the  mouth  of  the  Port  Neuf  River. 

Banolas,  bin-yo'lfts,  a  town  of  Spain,  7  miles  N.  of 
Gerona.  It  has  mineral  springs,  and  manufactures  of 
cotton,  oil,  and  paper.     Pop.  4729. 

Baiios,b3,n'yoce  {i.e.,  "baths"),  forms  the  name,  or  part 
of  the  name,  of  numerous  towns  and  villages  in  Spain,  of 
which  the  following  are  the  most  important: 

Bancs,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  24  miles  N.  by 
E.  of  Jaen.     Pop.  2292. 

Baiiosde  Cerrato,bin'yocedithfin-nl'to,orBaflo8 
de  Rio  Pisuerga,b5n'yoce  di  ree'o  pe-sw4ii'gi,  a  town 
of  Spain,  in  Leon,  6  miles  S.  of  Palcncia.     Pop.  400. 

Baftos  de  Ebra,  bln'yoce  di  i'bro,  a  town  of  Spain, 
in  Old  Castile,  15  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Logroiio.     Pop.  460. 

Banovitz,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Bax. 

Banquete,  ban-keh'te  (Sp.  pron.  bAn-ki'tA),  a  post- 
hamlet  of  Nueces  co.,  Tex.,  about  28  miles  W.  of  Corpus 
Christi. 

Bansba'ria,Ban8ber'ia,orBansbut'ty(Bdns- 
bati),  a  town  of  Bengal,  on  the  river  Hoogly,  3  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Hoogly.  It  has  a  great  native  temple  and  a 
church,  and  is  a  seat  of  Sanscrit  learning.     Pop.  7861. 

Bans'da,  or  Bauns'da,  a  native  state  of  India, 
governed  by  a  rajah,  under  British  supervision.  Area, 
325  square  miles.  Pop.  32,154.  Its  capital,  Bansda,  is  45 
miles  S.E.  of  Surat. 

Bansdih,  bans'd^h,  or  Ban'si,  a  town  of  India,  dis- 
trict and  32  miles  N.E.  of  Bustee.     Pop.  6250. 

Banswara,  or  Banswarah,  bin-swi'ri,  a  town  of 
Hindostan,  capital  of  a  state,  110  miles  N.E.  of  Baroda, 
It  is  handsome,  and  has  a  large  fortress  and  several  temples. 

BansAvara,  a  Rajpoot  tributary  state  of  India,  about 
lat.  23°  10'-23°  40'  N.,  Ion.  74°  2'-74°41'  E.,45  miles  long 
from  N.  to  S.,  and  33  miles  broad.  It  is  governed  by  a 
maharawal  and  his  feudal  chieftains,  under  British  pro- 
tection. Capital,  Banswara.  Area,  1440  square  miles. 
Pop.  144,000. 

Ban'ta,  a  post-village  of  San  Joaquin  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  17  miles  S.AV.  of  Stockton.  It  has 
a  warehouse  for  grain,  a  hotel,  and  2  stores. 

Bantallan,  binHS,l-lin',  an  island  in  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago, one  of  the  smallest  of  the  Philippines.  Lat.  11°  N. , 
Ion.  123°  20'  E. 

Bantam,   binHim',  a  residency  of  the   Dutch    East 


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584 


BAtC 


Indict,  forming  the  W.  extremltv  of  tho  island  of  Java. 
JL*toffort.  6°1"38"S.;  Ion.  106*  10' 41"  E.  It  is  divided 
into  3  regencies, — Coram  (or  Slrang),  Lobak,  and  Tjiringin. 
The  chief  products  ore  rice,  popper,  ooffeo,  sugar,  cotton, 
and  indigo.     Capital,  Sirang.     Pop.  607, 3S6. 

llnutum,  un  old  nud  celebrated  town  of  Java,  in  the 
province  of  Unntain,  is  beautifully  situated  on  s  bay  and 
river  of  tho  same  naiuo,  in  lat.  6°  1'  S.,  Ion.  100°  10'  E.  Tho 
river  divides  into  throe  arms,  tho  centre  one  of  which  passes 
through  the  town,  tho  other  tvro  bounding  it  right  and  loft. 
The  only  building  of  note  is  tho  mosque  or  tompio,  sur- 
rounded by  a  lofty  wall.  Bantam  is  one  of  tho  oldest  and 
must  fuuiouii  towua  in  tho  East,  and  at  one  timo  was  the 

firinoipiil  mart  of  tho  Dutch  :  but  its  trade  hn^  bocn  trans- 
erred  to  other  channels,  and  it  is  now  a  small  villugo. 

Ban'tnm*  a  pu.st-village  of  Litchfield  co.,  Conn.,  on  the 
Shepuug  Uiver,  near  Uantaiu  I.iiko,  and  on  the  Shopaug 
Railroad, :-(  miles  S.W.  of  Litchfield.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  carriiiic- factory. 

Uaiitain,  a  post-villuge  of  Clermont  oo.,  0.,  in  Tate 
township,  about  24  miles  E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  bos  2 
churches',  a  high  school,  and  a  carringe-fiictory. 

llan^jar,  bint^yait',  a  town  of  the  Dutch  East  Indies, 
on  tho  N.  coast  of  Java,  residency  of  Iletnbang.  It  has  a 
fine  port,  with  oNtcnsive  ship-building  docks. 

JIaiitry,  b-in'tre,  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  44 
milesS.W.of  Cork,  near  the  head  of  Bantry  Bay.    Pop.  2241. 

Uan'try  Uay,  a  largo  bay  in  the  S.  of  Ireland,  oo.  of 
Cork,  extending  for  26  miles  inland.  Within  it  are  Bear 
and  Whiddy  Islands. 

llaiitu,  bin'too,  or  Ba-nta,  a  great  stock  or  group  of 
African  races  and  languages,  having  three  or  more  prin- 
cipal diviHions,  namely,  the  eastern  branch,  including  tho 
KafTro  and  East  African  languages;  the  central,  to  which 
belong  the  Bochuana  and  other  groups ;  and  the  western, 
comprising  tho  numerous  languages  of  Lower  Guinea.  The 
Banta  languages  differ  much  from  the  truo  negro  tongues ; 
but  many  of  the  tribes  employing  languages  of  Bantu  stock 
are  typical  negroes. 

Han  II,  a  town  and  district  of  India.    See  Buxnoo. 

Ban'wcll,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Somerset,  with 
a  fine  park  belonging  to  tho  Bishop  of  Bath  and  Wells,  and 
a  station  on  tho  Great  Western  Kailway,  3  miles  N.E.  of 
AVeston-supcr-Mare. 

Banya.    See  Fei.so-Banya  and  Nagy-Banya. 

Baiiyar-Massin,  Borneo.    See  BAXJEnsrAssiN. 

Banyuls  des  Aspres,bin-yur  dize  fip'r,  a  commune 
of  Franco,  Pyr6n6es-Orientalc8.  It  is  celebrated  for  the 
defence  which  its  inhabitants  made  in  1793,  when  attacked 
by  7000  S))aniards,  who  were  compelled  to  surrender. 

Banyuls-sur-Mer,  bin-yul'-siin-main,  a  town  of 
France,  department  of  P3'r6n6es-Orientales,  with  a  fishing 
port  in  the  Mediterranean.  Near  it  are  four  ancient  towers, 
one  of  which  (the  Ban  de  Caroch)  marks  the  limit  between 
France  and  Spain.     Pop.  304. 

Banyuwangy,  or  Baiijoewangi,  bin-yoo-wlng'- 
ghee,  a  gea[)ort  town  and  military  post  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Java,  belonging  to  the  Netherlands,  in  lat.  S°  13'  S.,  Ion. 
114°  26'  E.  It  is  a  handsome  place,  capital  of  a  sub- 
residency  or  province,  and  has  an  extensive  trade.  Pop. 
8000;  of  Banyuwangy  province,  45,097. 

Banz,  bflnts,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Lich- 
tenfcls,  on  the  Main,  with  a  palace. 

Banza,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  San  Salvador. 

Ban-Zardah,  bin'zan'd^,  or  Kalahi-Yezdijird, 
ki'li'hec'-yezMe-jcrd',  a  strong  mountain  fortress  of  Per- 
sia, province  of  Irak-Ajemee,  in  Mount  Zagros,  near  Zohab, 
said  to  be  the  same  as  the  stronghold  of  llolwan. 

Baol,  bl^ol',  a  state  of  Western  Africa,  in  Senegambia, 
having  the  state  of  Sin  on  the  S.,  Ca3-or  on  the  N.,  tho 
Jaloof  territory  on  tho  E.,  and  the  Atlantic  on  the  "W. 

Baonec,  bA'9-nee,  Baw'ani,  or  Bow'nee,  a  petty 
native  state  of  India,  in  Bundelcund,  tributary  to  the  British. 

Bapauiiie,  bi'i)om'  (L.  Bupal'ma),  a  fortified  town  of 
France,  in  I'as-de-Calais,  on  a  railway,  14  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Arras.  It  has  a  communal  college,  and  in,anufactures  of 
lace,  woollens,  cottons,  and  fine  thread.     Pop.  3174. 

Bapaunic,  a  village  of  Franco,  department  of  Seine- 
Inferieure,  2  miles  N.AV.  of  Rouen.     Pop.  820. 

Bap'tist  Church,  a  township  of  Cabarrus  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  1032. 

Bap'tist  Hill,  a  village  6f  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Bris- 
tol township,  about  9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Canandaigua.  It 
has  2  churches.     Here  is  Bristol  Post-Office. 

Bap'tistown,  a  small  post-village  of  Hunterdon  00., 
N.J.,  about  28  miles  N.N.W.  of  Trenton,  and  3  miles  from 
f  renchtown.     It  has  2  churches. 


Baptist  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tazewell  co.,  Va., 
30  miles  from  Saltvillo.     It  has  a  church. 

Bar,  a  town  of  India.    See  Baiih. 

Bar,  ban,  a  river  of  France,  department  of  Ardennes, 
rises  near  Buzancy,  and  falls  into  the  Mouse  below  Dun- 
chery,  forming  part  of  tho  Canal  of  Ardennes. 

Bar,  a  village  of  Franco,  department  of  CorrJze,  4) 
miles  N.  of  Tulle.     Pop.  1023. 

Bar,  ban,  a  town  of  Russia,  Podolia,  50  miles  N.E.  of 
Kamieniec,  defended  by  a  citadel  built  on  a  rock.  Pop. 
8077.  In  1768  the  Poles  here  formed  a  confedei-auj 
against  Russia. 

Bara,  bil'rl,  a  river  of  Afghanistan,  joins  tho  Cabool  8 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Peshawer,  after  a  N.E.  course  of  00  miles. 

Baraba,  bl-ri-bl'  (Russ.  liarabiuik-aia,  b9.-r.\-bin- 
skA'yft),  a  vast  steppe  of  Siberia,  extending  between  th« 
Obi  and  the  Irtish,     It  was  colonized  by  Russia  in  17C7. 

Bara  Banki,  M'th  bln'kee,  Nawabgaiy,  or  Na« 
wabgungc,  nS,-wib-giinj',  a  town  of  India,  ca])ital  of 
the  <listrict,  20  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Lucknow.     Pop.  10,400. 

Bara  Banki,  a  district  of  British  India,  in  Oudo,  lat. 
2C°-28°  N.,  Ion.  81°-82°  E.  Area,  1735  square  miles. 
Tho  district  is  mostly  a  level,  marshy  plain,  traversed  by 
the  Goomteo  and  Gogra  Rivers.     Pop.  1,101,054. 

Baraboo,  bair'a-boo,  a  river  of  Wisconsin,  rises  by 
several  branches,  which  unite  in  Juneau  co.  It  runs  first 
southeastward,  and  intersects  Sauk  co.  From  the  town  of 
Baraboo  it  flows  eastward,  and  enters  the  Wisconsin  4  or 
6  miles  S.  of  Portage  City.     Length,  nearly  100  miles. 

Barabuo,  a  city,  the  cupitul  of  Sauk  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Baraboo  River,  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  and  on 
the  Chicago  A,  Northwestern  Railroad,  ."7  miles  N.W.  of 
Madison,  and  about  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Portage  City.  Ik 
has  a  court-house,  3  public  schools,  3  banks,  2  woollen- 
factories,  2  grist-mills,  a  foundry,  2  saw-mills,  2  plauing- 
mills,  3  newspaper  offices,  several  carriage-factories,  and 
12  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  4605. 

Barace,  the  ancient  name  of  Barceloue. 

Barachois  de  Malbaie,  b4V&^shw&'  d^h  m&ri>&',  a 
post-village  in  Gaspe  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Gulf  of  St.  Law> 
renco,  27  miles  S.E.  of  Qasp6  Basin.     Pop.  150. 

Baracoa,  b&-r&'ko'fl,  a  seaport  town  on  the  N.E.  coast 
of  Cuba.     Lat.  20°  21'  36"  N.;  Ion.  74°  29'  31"  W. 

Barada,  a  river  of  Syria.     See  Barrada. 

Bara'da,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ric-hardson  co.,  Neb.,  near 
the  Missouri,  4  miles  from  Corning,  Mo.    It  has  2  churches. 

Baraga,  bair'a-ga,  a  county  in  the  N.AV.  part  of  Michi- 
gan, bounded  on  tiie  N.  by  Lake  Superior,  and  on  the  N.W, 
l)y  Keweenaw  Bay.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Duluth,  South 
Shore  &  Atlantic  Railroad.     Capital,  L'Anse.     Pop.  3030. 

Baraga,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baraga  co.,  Mich.,  on  Kewee- 
naw Bay  (at  its  head  or  S.  end),  2  miles  W.  of  L'Anse.  It 
has  2  churches,  2  public  schools,  saw-  and  planing-mills, 
and  several  stores.     Pop.  of  Baraga  township,  1 090. 

Barahat,  bi"rl-hit',  a  town  of  North  llindostan,  in 
Gurhwal,  on  the  Bhagirathi,  50  miles  N.W.  of  Scrinagur. 

Baraitche,  llindostan.    See  Bharaich. 

Barak,  biVik',  the  principal  river  of  Cachar,  in  India, 
tho  S.  division  of  which  territory  it  traverses  with  a  very 
tortuous  course.  After  a  S.AV.  course  through  Sylhet,  it 
takes  the  name  of  Soormah,  and  becomes  at  last  a  tributary 
of  the  Megna.     Total  length,  about  350  miles. 

Baramba,  bi-rdm'bi,  or  Beruni'bah,  a  small  tribu- 
tary state  of  Orissa,  India,  on  the  N.  bank  of  tho  Malia- 
nuddy.  Area,  134  square  miles.  It  is  governed  by  a  native 
rajah,  under  British  direction.  Capital,  Baramba,  a  small 
town,  lat.  20°  25'  15"  N.,  Ion.  82°  22'  41"  E.  Total  pop. 
24,261. 

Baran,  a  town  of  India.    See  Boolundshahur. 

Baranchinsk,  Barantchinsk,  or  Baran- 
tschinsk,  bi-rin-chinsk'  or  bi-rin-cheensk',  a  village  of 
Asiatic  Russia,  government  of  Perm,  58  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Verkhotoorie,  with  government  iron-  and  steel-works. 

Barand,  bihVSnd',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Bihar, 
6  miles  E.S.E.  of  Piispok-Ladany.     Pop.  3664. 

Baranello,  bA-ra-nSl'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
6  miles  S.W.  of  Campobasso.     Pop.  3334. 

Baranoff  (ba,-rin'6ff)  Island,  or  Sit'ka,  one  of  tho 
Alexander  Islands,  Alaska.  Lat.  57°  N. ;  Ion.  1 35°  W.  It  is 
about  75  miles  long,  by  15  miles  in  average  breadth,  and  is 
mountainous  and  densely  timbered.  Coal  has  been  found 
on  it.     On  its  W.  coast  is  the  town  of  Sitka. 

Baranow,  bi'ri-nov\  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  42 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Tamow,  on  the  Vistula.    Pop.  1684. 

Baranquilla,  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Colombia. 
See  Barra.nquilla. 

Baranya,  bShVon'ySh,  one  of  the  counties  of  Hungary 


BAR 


585 


BAR 


on  the  Danube.  Capital,  Funfkirchen.  Area,  1930  square 
miles.  I'op.  283,506.  It  is  partly  mountainous  and  partly 
marsliy,  but  very  fertile.  Chief  products,  wheat,  tobacco, 
wine,  and  fruit. 

Baranya-Var,  bohVon'yoh  vin,  a  village  of  Hungary, 
in  the  above  county,  12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Darda.    Pop.  1750. 

Bar^aset',  or  Bar^asat',  a  town  of  India,  Bengal,  12 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Calcutta,  consists  of  numerous  villages, 
close  together.  It  has  a  court,  a  dispensary,  and  schools. 
Pop.  11,822. 

Barataria  (bir-ra-tab're-a)  Bay,  situated  in  the  S.E. 
part  of  Louisiana,  extends  northward  frorh  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  in  the  parish  of  Plaquemines.  It  is  about  15  miles 
long  and  6  miles  wide. 

Barate  and  Barathra.    See  Kara-Boonar, 

Barbacena,  baR-bi-si'ni,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province 
of  Minas-Geraes,  in  the  Serra  Mantiqueira,  125  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Rio  Janeiro,  and  3500  feet  above  the  sea. 

Barbacoas,  baR-bd-ko'is,  a  seaport  town  of  the  United 
States  of  Colombia,  state  of  Cauca,  on  the  Pacific,  150  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Quito.     Pop.  5050. 

Barbacoas,  a  small  town  of  Venezuela,  state  of  Gua- 
rico,  68  miles  S.  of  Caracas. 

Barbadoes,  bar-bi'doz,  an  island  in  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  belongs  to  Great  Britain.  It  is  one  of  the  Lesser 
Antilles,  and  belongs  to  the  group  called  Windward.  It  is 
21  miles  long.  Area,  166  square  miles.  Bridgetown,  the 
capital  of  this  island,  is  in  lat.  13°  4'  N.  and  Ion.  59°  37' 
W.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  hills  and  valleys  ;  the  soil 
is  mostly  fertile;  and  the  climate  is  healthy.  The  chief 
articles  of  export  are  sugar,  rum,  and  arrowroot.  Violent 
hurricanes  occur  here  and  cause  great  damage.  The  island 
is  almost  encircled  by  coral  reefs,  which  render  the  ap- 
proach to  it  dangerous  to  mariners.  The  majority  of  the 
inhabitants  are  negroes.  It  has  its  own  legislature,  and  is 
the  most  important  member  of  the  colony  of  the  Windward 
Islands.     Pop.  in  1871,  162,042;  in  1891,  182,322. 

Barbados,  baR-bi'doce,  an  auriferous  river  of  Brazil, 
state  of  Miitto-G rosso,  falls  into  the  Paraguay  after  a  S.E. 
course  of  120  miles. 

Barbana,  a  river  of  Turkey.    See  Bo.tana. 

Barbania,  baR-bi-nee'&,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  tor- 
rent Fandaglia,  17  miles  N.  of  Turin.     Pop.  1895. 

Barbareen,  bar-bi-reen',  a  small  town  and  seaport  of 
Ceylon,  on  the  W.  coast,  3i  miles  S.  of  Caltura.  Lat.  6°  28' 
N. :  Ion.  80°  3'  E.     It  is  a  port  of  entry  and  export. 

Barbarium  Promontoriiim.    See  Cape  Espiciiel. 

iiarbary,  bar'b^r-e  (anc.  Maurita'nia,  Numid'in,  Af- 
rica Pro'pria,  and  Uyrena'ica),  formerly  the  name  of  an 
extensive  region,  comprising  all  the  northern  portion  of 
Africa,  from  Egypt  to  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  from  the 
Mediterranean  to  the  Sahara,  and  extending  between  lat. 
25°  and  37°  N.  and  Ion.  10°  W.  and  25°  E.  This  region  is 
divided  by  the  Atlas  Mountains  into  ivio  parts,  that  on  the  N. 
comprising  the  Empire  of  Morocco,  the  province  of  Algeria, 
and  the  beylics  of  Tunis  and  Tripoli ;  the  S.  region  is  called 
the  Helcd-el-Jereed.  Barbary  and  Egypt  formed  nearly  all 
of  Africa  known  to  the  ancients.  It  was  peopled  chiefly  by 
Moors,  Numidians,  and  Phoenician  colonists,  and  attained 
great  celebrity  under  the  dominion  of  the  Carthaginians:  it 
was  afterwards  subject  to  the  Romans,  and  was  occupied  for 
nearly  a  century  by  the  Vandals.  The  Arabs  took  it  finally 
from  the  Romans  (Byzantines),  about  a.d.  697.  The  name 
Barbary  appears  to  have  been  derived  from  Berber.  (Sec 
Berbers.)  Some,  however,  derive  it  from  barbarus  ("bar- 
barian"). 

Barbastro,  baR-bls'tro,  a  walled  town  of  Spain,  in 
Aragon,  on  the  Cinca,  50  miles  N.E.  of  Saragossa.  It  has 
a  church  with  some  paintings  of  the  sixteenth  century,  con- 
vents, and  literary  and  beneficent  associations.     Pop.  7800. 

Barbentaniie,  bau^b6NoH3.nn',  a  town  of  France,  ic 
Bouclies-du- Rhone,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Avignon,  on  a  railway. 
Pop.  32 13.    Its  neighborhood  produces  good  wine  and  fruit. 

Bar'ber,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an  area 
of  1134  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Medicine  Lodge 
Creek.  About  99  per  cent,  of  it  is  prairie.  The  surface  is 
undulating  or  level.  Capital,  Medicine  Lodge,  Pop.  in 
1875,  366;  in  1880,  2661;  in  1890,  7973. 

Barberino  di  Mugelio,  baR-b4-rce'nodee  moo-jdl'lo, 
a  town  of  Italy,  15  miles  N.  of  Florence,  on  the  Sieve.  It 
has  extensive  manufactures  of  straw  hats.  Pop.  9886.  In 
its  environs  is  the  royal  villa  of  Cafi'egiolo,  the  ancient  resi- 
dence of  the  Medicis. 

Barberino  di  Val  d'Elsa,  baR-bi-ree'no  dee  vil 
dil'E&,  a  town  and  commune  of  Itiily,  province  and  20  miles 
B.  of  Florence.     Here  is  the  palace  of  the  Barbcriui,  the 
birthplace  of  Pope  Urban  VIII.    Pop.  10,305. 
38 


Bar'ber's,  a  station  in  Douglas  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Lawrence  <fc  Western  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  by  S.  from 
Lawrence. 

Barber's,  a  station  in  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Bos- 
ton, Barre  &  Gardner  Railroad,  at  the  crossing  of  the  Wor- 
cester &  Nashua  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Worcester. 

Barber's,  a  station  in  Hunterdon  co.,  N..J.,  on  the 
Flemington  Branch  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Flemington. 

Barber's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Ga. 

Barber's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wells  co.,  Ind.,  3 
miles  W.  of  Bluffton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bar'bersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ind.,  14 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Madison. 

Bar'berville,  a  hamlet  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  9  miles 
S.E.  of  Troy,  has  about  12  houses. 

Barberville,  a  hamlet  of  Hopkinton  township,  Wash- 
ington CO.,  R.I.,  2  miles  from  Hope  Valley.     Pop.  34. 

Barbezicux,  baR^b^h-ze-uh',  a  town  of  Franco,  in 
Charente,  19  miles  S.W.  of  Angouleme.     Pop.  3881. 

Barbigha,  bar-bee'gS.,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  Mon- 
ghir,  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Burheya.     Pop.  6362. 

Barbona,  baR-bo'nJ,  a  village  of  Italy,  22  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Padua,  on  the  Adige.     Pop.  1630. 

Barbonne,  baR'bonn',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Marne,  5  miles  S.  of  Sezanne.     Pop.  1449. 

Barbour,  bar'bur,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Ala- 
bama, has  an  area  of  about  850  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  Chattahoochee,  and  is  partly  drained  by 
Pea  River,  which  forms  part  of  its  W.  boumlary.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating;  the  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  The  staple 
products  are  cotton,  Indian  corn,  pork,  and  live-ptock.  The 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Montgomery  &  Eufaula  Rail- 
road, and  by  the  Vicksburg  <fe  Brunswick  Railroad,  both 
operated  under  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia  System. 
The  Choctawhatchee  River  rises  in  this  county  about  5 
miles  N.  of  Clayton,  and  flows  directly  S.  Capital,  Clay- 
ton. Pop.  in  1870,  29,309;  in  1880,  33,979;  in  1890, 
34,898. 

Barbour,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  West  Virginia,  has 
an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  a 
branch  of  the  Monongahela  River  called  Tygart's  Valley 
River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests,  in  which  the  oak,  hickory,  ash,  and  sugar-maple 
abound.  The  soil  is  generally  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wlieat, 
cattle,  Ac,  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Philippi.  Pop. 
in  1870,  10,312;  in  1880,  11,870;  in  1890,  12,702. 

Barbour's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa., 
in  the  viilley  of  the  Loyalsock  Creek,  22  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Williamsport.     It  has  a  church,  a  hotel,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Bar'boursville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Knox  co., 
Ky.,  on  the  Cumberland  River,  and  on  a  railroad,  about  70 
miles  N.  of  Knoxville,  Tenn.,  and  90  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lex- 
ington. It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  2  academies,  and  a 
newspaper  office. 

Barboursvilie,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co.,  Va.,  11 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Orange  Court-House,  and  17  miles 
N.E.  of  Charlottesville.  It  has  2  churches  and  several 
stores  and  other  business  houses.     Pop.  200. 

Barboursvilie,  formerly  Cabell  Court-House, 
a  post-villsige,  capital  of  Cabell  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Guyan- 
dotte  River,  about  5  miles  from  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the 
Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  41  miles  W.  of  Charleston. 
It  has  2  churches.  One  weekly  paper  is  published  here. 
Pop.  371. 

Barbourville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  N.T., 
6i  miles  from  Deposit.     It  has  a  church. 

Barbuda,  bar-boo'da,  one  of  the  British  West  India 
Islands,  Leeward  group,  in  the  Atlantic,  22  miles  N.  of  An- 
tigua. Lat.  about  17°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  62°  W.  Area,  75  square 
miles.  Products,  corn,  cattle,  tobacco,  and  sugar.  It  is 
politically  a  dependency  of  Antigua.     Pop.  813. 

Bar^buret',  Bar^buret'ta,  or  Bar^bura'ta,  one 
of  the  Bay  Islands,  Honduras,  lying  B.  of  Ruatan. 

Barby,  bau'bee,  a  walled  town  of  Prussian  Sa.xony,  15 
miles  S.E.  of  Magdeburg,  on  the  Elbe.     Pop.  5212. 

Bar'ca  (anc.  Cyrena'ica),  a  region  of  North  Africa,  be- 
tween lat.  30°  and  33°  N.  and  Ion.  20°  and  25°  E.,  forming 
the  E.  division  of  Tripoli,  and  having  W.  the  rest  of  that 
dominion,  with  the  Gulf  of  Sidra  (anc.  Si/rtis  Major),  N. 
the  Mediterranean,  E.  Egypt,  and  S.  the  Libyan  waste.  On 
the  S.  and  in  the  interior  it  is  desert.  In  many  parts  it 
yields  crops  of  corn  and  presents  tracts  of  fine  pasturage; 
on  the  mountain-sides  are  forests  of  pines,  date-  and  olive- 
trees,  and  flowering  shrubs.  It  has  no  permanent  rivers, 
but  numerous  mountain-torrents,  which  flow  to  the  Libyan 
deserts.  The  population  consists  of  Bedouin  Arabs,  with  a 
few  Jews  in  the  towns.     This  rej(iou  was  anciently  the  seat 


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of  Uie  Pcntupolia  (or  "  five  cities"),  rii.,  Berenice,  Artinoe, 
Baroa,  Apoltoniii,  and  Cyrene.  Barca,  so  called  from  the 
ancient  city  of  liarcn,  y>as  one  of  the  chief  granaries  on 
the  African  coast.  The  remains  of  temple?,  aqueducts,  and 
other  great  public  works,  and  the  discovery  of  numerous 
Greek  and  Iloinan  ooins,  show  the  importance  which  it  once 
Kttninud.     All  this,  however,  has  long  since  passed  away. 

Ilarcarrotn,  ban-kan-Ro'tiL,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estre- 
madura,  19  miles  S.  of  Badnjos.     Pop.  4660. 

Ilarccllonat  ban-chel-lo'nil,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province 
and  22  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Messina.  It  is  a  wealthy  (jlaco, 
(he  seat  of  a  gymnasium.     Pop.,  with  Poxzo  di  Uoto,  2U,4(M. 

Barccllos,  bau-sol'loce,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Minho, 
on  the  Cavado,  9  miles  W.  of  Braga.     Pop.  2():i9. 

Bnrccllos,  baR-sel'loce,  a  town  of  Brazil,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Kio  Negro.     Pop.  2484. 

Barcelona,  baR-8&-lo'n&  (L.  Jiar'cino;  Or.  ha/utiviiy), 
»  seaport  town  of  Spain,  ciipital  of  the  province  of  the  same 
name,  in  Catalonia,  312  miles  E.N.E.  of  Madrid.  Lat. 
(Mole  light)  41°  22'  .36"  N.;  Ion.  2°  11'  E.  Barcelona  is 
the  terminus  of  four  railways,  and  has  of  late  years  grown 
considerably,  its  N.  portion,  the  new  town,  being  regularly 
and  handsomely  built ;  but  in  the  old  town  the  streets  are 
irregular  and  narrow.  To  the  E.  of  the  town,  and  S.  of  the 
citadel,  is  the  extensive  suburb  of  Barcclonctta,  laid  out 
with  great  regularity,  built  chiefly  of  brick,  and  occupied 
by  sailors  and  other  seafaring  people.  Many  of  the  houses 
of  Barcelona  itself  are  also  of  brick,  but  most  of  them, 
particularly  in  the  new  town,  are  of  hewn  stone  and  of  an 
imposing  appearance.  In  recent  times  great  improvements 
have  been  made ;  gas  has  been  introduced,  and  extensive 
Bcwers  have  been  constructed ;  fountains  of  the  finest  water 
»re  found  in  every  quarter,  and  there  are  several  street 
railways.  The  principal  public  edifice  is  the  cathedral, 
which  stands  in  the  highest  part  of  the  old  town.  Its  origin 
dates  from  the  first  ages  of  Christianity,  but  its  present 
form  of  Gothic  architecture  appears  to  belong  to  the  end  of 
the  thirteenth  century.  There  are  numerous  other  churches, 
several  of  them  ancient  and  handsome.  One  of  the  most 
remarkable  buildings  of  Barcelona  is  the  Palacio  de  la 
Deputicion,  where  the  cortes  of  the  province  used  to  hold 
their  sittings.  Of  the  modern  buildings,  the  principal  are 
the  custom-house,  the  exchange,  the  theatre,  and  the  prison. 
The  principal  educational  establishment  is  the  university. 
In  connection  with  it  are  numerous  schools,  in  which  ele- 
mentary education  is  provided  for  all  classes.  Theological 
education  is  given  in  the  Seminario,  while  there  are  estab- 
lishments for  the  study  of  medicine.  Charitable  and  benef- 
icent institutions  are  numerous.  Among  literary  institutions 
may  be  mentioned  4  public  libraries  and  2  museums,  the 
Academy  of  Belles-Lettres,  the  Roj'al  Academy  of  Arts  and 
Sciences,  <tc.,  a  deaf-mute  school,  a  normal  school,  <tc. 

Barcelona  is  the  seat  of  various  manufactures,  the  prin- 
cipal of  which  are  silks,  woollens,  cottons,  calicoes,  lace,  and 
shoes.  Other  chief  exports  are  iron,  copper,  fire-arms,  cork, 
fruit,  salt,  wines,  and  brandies.  Its  principal  imports  are 
Baltic  timber,  wax,  stockfish,  cotton,  petroleum,  staves,  coal, 
machinery,  cacao,  cofiFee,  sugar,  hides,  iron,  steel,  copper, 
and  iron-ware.  The  trade  of  Barcelona  has  greatly  fallen 
off  from  what  it  used  to  be  in  former  times.  The  main  part 
of  the  trade  is  coasting.  The  port  of  the  city  is  commo- 
dious, two  moles  having  been  built  for  its  improvement. 

Barcelona  is  said  to  have  been  founded  by  the  Cartha- 
ginians under  Ilamilcar  Barca ;  hence  its  name.  After  the 
fall  of  Carthage  the  Romans  first  became  its  masters,  then 
the  Goths,  who  possessed  it,  with  the  rest  of  Catalonia,  till 
the  year  714,  when  it  was  conquered  by  the  Saracens.  In 
805  it  was  retaken  from  them  and  governed  by  French  vice- 
roys. In  874  it  became  an  independent  earldom,  and  main- 
tained its  independence  till  the  annexation  of  Catalonia  to 
the  crown  of  Aragon,  in  the  twelfth  century.  Pop.  in 
1877,248,943;  in  1887,272,481. 

Barcelona,  a  fertile  province  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia, 
reaching  from  the  Mediterranean  northwestward  to  the 
Pyrenees.  It  is  generally  mountainous,  being  traversed  by 
-off-shootii  of  the  Pyrenees.  Near  Cardona  in  this  province 
is  an  enormous  mass  of  rock-salt  between  400  and  500  feet 
above  the  river  Cardener,  and  nearly  4  miles  in  circum- 
ference. Area,  2974  square  miles.  Capital,  Barcelona. 
Pop.  in  1887,  899,264, 

Barcelona,  or  Nueva  Barcelona,  nwi'v&  ban-si- 
lo'n&,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  in  the  state  of  Bermudez,  on 
the  Caribbean  Soa.  Lat.  10°  10'  N.;  Ion.  64°  47'  W.  It 
is  ill  built  and  sickly,  and  has  an  indifferent  anchorage, 
but  is  an  importsmt  shipping-place.  Its  new  port,  called 
Guzman  Blanco,  4^  miles  distant,  has  a  safe  and  spacious 
I  harbor.     Pop.  in  1889,  12,758. 


Bar^cclo'na,  a  fishing  hamlet  of  Chautauqua  oo. 
N.Y.,  on  Lake  Erie,  1  mile  from  Westfield. 

Bar^celo'na  City,  a  silver-mining  camp  of  Nye  oo. 
Nevatla,  7  miles  W.  of  Belmont.     It  has  1  hotel  and  1  .xiore! 

Bnrceloncta,  ban-si-lo-ni'tA,  a  town  of  Venezuela^ 
on  the  I'uragua,  100  miles  S.S.E.  of  Angostura. 

Barcclunnctte,  ban'sfh-lon-nfitt',  a  town  of  France 
in  Ba«scs-Alpe»,  29  miles  N.E.  of  Digne,  on  the  t'ljiiyc. 
It  has  a  college,  a  normal  school,  silk-looms,  and  woullcn- 
manufacturcs.     Pop.  1683. 

Bar'ceiore',  a  maritime  town  of  British  India,  jircei- 
dency  of  Madras,  on  the  Malabar  coast,  N.N.W.  of  Almiga- 
lore.     It  is  the  liarace  of  the  ancients. 

Barchfcid,  banK'ffilt,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  IIcsuc- 
Nassau,  33  miles  N.E.  of  Fulda,  on  the  Werra.     Pop.  1722. 

Barcino,  a  Latin  name  of  Barcklona. 

Bnr'clay,  a  jwst-village  of  Sangamon  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Gilman,  Clinton  <t  Springfield  Railroad,  8  miles  N.E.  of 
Springfield.     It  has  a  church  and  a  coal-mine. 

Barclay,  a  post-township  of  Blaek  Hawk  co.,  Iowa,  20 
miles  E.  of  Cedar  Falls,  is  traversed  by  the  Dubuque  <t  Sioux 
City  Railroad.     Pop.  763. 

Barclay,  a  post-hamlet  of  Osage  co,,  Kansas,  in  Arvonia 
township,  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &,  Santa  F6  Railroad, :'.!) 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Topeka.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-uiill, 
and  a  cheese-factory. 

Barclay,  a  post-village  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa,,  in  Barclay 
toAvnship,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Towanda,  and  about  30  miles 
N.E.  of  Williamsport.  The  Barclay  Railroad  extends  from 
this  place  to  Towanda.  Coal  is  mined  here.  Barclay  lias 
2  churches,  a  public  hall,  and  about  250  dwellings.  Pop, 
of  township,  2009. 

Bar'ciay  Junc'tion,  in  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  is  nt  the 
junction  of  the  Barclay  Railroad  and  the  Pennsylvania  &, 
New  York  Railroad,  1  mile  S.  of  Towanda. 

Barclay  Sound,  a  large  inlet  on  the  W.  coast  of  Van- 
couver Island,  British  Columbia.  Its  head  is  in  lat.  50°  N., 
Ion.  125°  W.  It  is  extended  inland  from  this  point  in  a 
long  fiord,  called  Alberni  Canal, 

Bar'claysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harnett  co.,  N.C.,  23 
miles  S.  of  Raleigh.     It  has  a  church. 

Barcus,  ban^kiice',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Basses-Pyr6n6e8,  near  Maul6on.     Pop.  2007. 

Bard,  band,  or  Bar'do,  a  fortress  and  village  of  Italy, 
on  the  Dora  Baltca,  23  miles  S.S.E.  of  Aosta.     Pop.  442. 

Bard,  a  post-ofiico  and  station  of  Louisa  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Cedar  or  Iowa  River,  and  on  the  Burlington,  Cedar 
Rapids  <fc  Northern  Railroad,  35  miles  N.  of  Burlington. 

Bard,  a  post-village  of  Bedford  co..  Pa.,  in  Hanison 
township,  on  the  Bedford  division  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of  Bedford.  It  has  a  tannery  and 
manufactures  of  lime. 

Bardees,  a  town  of  Egypt.     See  Bardis. 

Bardel,  bar'dSr,  a  town  of  Japan,  on  the  Bay  of  To- 
tomi,  in  the  S.E.  of  the  island  of  Hondo. 

Bardenberg,  bau'd^n-bfino',  a  village  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  5  miles  N.N.E.  of  Aix-la-Chapellc.     Pop.  2445. 

Bar'der's,  a  station  in  Monterey  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Mon- 
terey &  Salinas  Valley  Railroad,  12  miles  from  Monterey. 

Bardi,  baa'dee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Piacenza, 
lOi  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Borgo  Tare.     Pop.  6529. 

Bardia,  baR-dee'&,  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  Siam,  near 
the  coast  of  Lower  Siam.  Lat.  10°  50'  N.;  Ion.  99°  50'  E. 
It  is  20  miles  in  length  and  10  miles  in  breadth. 

Bar'dis,  or  Bar'dees',  a  town  of  Upper  Egypt,  3 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Girgeh.  The  French  gave  battle  here  on 
the  6th  of  April,  1799. 

Bardolino,  baR-do-lee'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  15  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  Verona,  with  a  port  on  Lake  Garda.  Pop.  2400. 
Near  this  village,  at  the  battle  of  Rivoli,  January,  1797, 
Napoleon  defeated  the  Austrians  under  Alvinczy. 

Uar'dolph,  a  post-village  of  McDonough  co..  111.,  in 
Macomb  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy 
Railroad,  33  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Galesburg,  and  6  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Macomb.  It  has  2  churches,  a  pottery,  and  a 
manufactory  of  fire-bricks  and  tiles.     Pop.  about  5(10. 

Bardonecchia,baR-d6-nek'ke-d,orUardonneche, 
baRMon'n^sh',  a  village  of  Italy,  19  miles  \V.  of  Susa,  nt 
the  S.  end  of  the  Mont  Ccnis  Railway  tunnel.     Pop.  15S3. 

Bardos,  ban'dos',  a  village  of  France,  Basses-Pyrcnfiei, 
J  mile  from  Bidache.     Pop.  2542. 

Bardowieck,  ban'do-week^  a  town  of  Prussia,  4  milM 
N.W.  of  LUneburg,  on  the  Ilmenau.     Pop.  1400. 

Bard's,  a  station  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad, 
4  miles  S.W.  of  Jersey  Shore,  Pa. 

Bardsey,  bard'ze,  an  island  of  Wales,  in  the  Irish 
Sea,  37  miles  S.  of  Holyhead.     Pop.  84. 


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587 


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Bards'town,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Nelson  eo.,  Ky., 
near  the  Beech  Fork  of  Salt  River,  about  50  miles  S.W.  of 
Frankfort,  and  39  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Louisville.  It  is 
the  seat  of  St.  Joseph's  Seminary  and  College  (Catholic), 
and  has  also  an  academy,  an  orphan  asylum,  a  female  col- 
lege, 6  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  manufactures 
of  flour,  millstuffs,  and  lumber,  and  several  distilleries. 
Kazareth  Academy  for  girls,  and  Bethlehem  Academy  are 
near  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1524. 

Bardstown  Junction,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bullitt  eo., 
Ky.,  22  miles  S.  of  Louisville.  It  has  a  church.  Here  the 
Bardstown  Branch  Railroad  connects  with  the  main  line. 

Itnrdt,  a  town  of  Germany.     See  Barth. 

liurdiili,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Barletta. 

]i  a  I'd  wan,  a  town  of  India.     See  Burdwan. 

Bard'well,a  post-village,  capital  of  Carlisle  eo.,  Ky., 
13  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Cairo,  111.  It  has  3  churches  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  700. 

Bard'\vell'sFer'ry,apost-office  and  station  of  Frank- 
lin CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Deerfield  River,  and  on  the  Vermont 
&  Massachusetts  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Greenfield. 

BaVee'  Do^ab',  in  the  Punjab,  British  India,  lies 
between  the  Beas  and  the  Ravee,  and  is  a  seat  of  the  Sikh 
race.     See  Dqab. 

Bareges,  a  village  of  France.     See  Barrages. 

Bareiliy,  Bareily,  or  Barcli,  bir-i'lee,  a  district 
of  the  North-West  Provinces,  British  India,  bounded  by 
Nepaul,  Oude,  Kumagn,  Moradabad,  <tc.  Capital,  Bareiliy. 
Area,  2982  square  miles.     Pop.  1,507,139. 

Bareiliy,  or  Bareli,  a  city  of  India,  capital  of  the 
above  district,  on  the  river  Jua,  118  miles  N.E.  of  Agra.  It 
has  an  English  college,  Persian  and  Hindoo  schools,  and 
manufactures  of  house  furniture  and  woven  fabrics,  and  is 
the  seat  of  an  important  trade.     Pop.  in  1891,  121,870. 

Barela,  bi-rii'ld,,  a  post-hamlet  of  Las  Animas  eo..  Col., 
9  miles  from  El  Moro.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  100. 

Barcndrecht,  ban'en-drcKt,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  South  Holland,  10  miles  by  rail  N.W,  of  Dort. 
Pop.  2866. 

Barentin,  bi'r6N<'H3,N<'',  a  village  of  France,  Seine-In- 
fdrieure,  on  a  railway,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Rouen.    Pop.  3290. 

Barentun,  b5,'r6jjoH6N"'.  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Manehe,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Mortain.     Pop.  2768. 

Barcs'vill  e,  a  hamlet  of  Wetzel  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Ohio, 
op|)')site  llaiinilial,  0.,  and  on  the  Ohio  River  Railroad,  36 
miles  below  Wheeling,  and  2  miles  above  New  Martinsville. 

Baretoon,  or  Al  Baretun,  ill  bi're-toon',  called  also 
Berek  Marsa,  Port  Mhaddra  (orMithr),  and  Tort 
Kardiah  (anc.  Farwto'nium),  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  the 
Mediterranean,  on  the  borders  of  Barca.  Lat.  31°  30'  N. ; 
Ion.  27°  3(1'  E.     It  has  a  good  port. 

Barets\veil,bi'ret8-wir,orBaretschweil,b4'r?tch- 
iiW,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  15  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Zurich,  with  manufactures  of  cotton  and  silk.    Pop.  2850. 

Bare'villc,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  4  miles 
from  Bird  in  Hand,  and  about  44  miles  E.S.E.  of  Harris- 
burg.  It  has  several  churches,  a  foundry,  a  machine-shop, 
and  a  wagon-shop.     Pop.  about  250. 

BarfeI'don,  apost-hamlet  of  Tioga  co..  Pa.,  in  Liberty 
township,  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Blossburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Bar'tield,  a  post-village  of  Mississippi  co..  Ark.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  about  65  miles  above  Memphis,  Tenn.  It 
has  a  church. 

Barfleiir,  ban^fluu',  an  ancient  town  of  Franco,  depart- 
ment of  Manc-hc,  on  the  English  Channel,  15  miles  E.  of 
Cherbourg.  Pop.  1 304.  About  1  mile  N.  is  a  granite  light- 
house, 271  feet  above  the  sea,  on  Cape  Barfleur,  in  lat.  49° 
40'  N.,  Ion.  1°  16'  W. 

Barf'iirush,  the  original  name  of  Balfurosh. 

Barga,  baii'gd,  a  village  of  Italy,  on  the  Sercbio,  16 
miles  N.  of  Lucca.     Pop.  of  commune,  7664. 

Bar'gaintown,  a  post-village  of  Atlantic  co.,  N.J., 
about  10  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Atlantic  City.  It  has  a 
church,  2  flour-mills,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Bargar'ran,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Renfrew,  4i 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Paisley. 

Bargas,  ban'gAs,  or  Vargas,  a  town  of  Spain,  5  miles 
N.W.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  3391. 

Barge,  baR'jA  (Fr.  pron.  baRzh),  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
Piedmont,  at  the  foot  of  Monte  Monbracco,  province  of 
Coni,  28  miles  S.S.AV,  of  Turin.  It  has  a  college,  and 
manufactures  of  fire-arms,  and  carries  on  a  brisk  trade. 
Elates  are  quarried  in  the  neighborhood.     Pop.  9972. 

Bargemont,  baRzh'miN"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Var,  1 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Draguignan.     Pop.  1722. 

Bar'gersville,  a  post-office  of  Johns( 
18  miles  S.  of  Indianapolis. 


'  Johnson  CO.,  Ind.,  about 


Bargoozeen,  or  Bargouzin,  ban-goo-zcen',  a  river 

of  Siberia,  joins  Lake  Baikal  on  the  E.   Length,  200  miU-s. 

Bargoozeensk,  Bargoozinsk,  or  Bargusinsk, 

bau-goo-zccnsk',  a  town  on  the  above  river,  220  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Irkootsk.     Pop.  636. 

Barh,  bar,  a  town  of  India,  in  Bahar,  on  the  Ganges, 
about  35  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Patna.  Pop.  11,050 ;  of  it« 
suburb  Mohammedpoor,  6089. 

Barhampur,  a  town  of  India.     See  Berhampoor. 

Bar'hamsville,apost-village  of  New  Kent  and  Jamei 
City  COS.,  Ya.,  6  miles  S.  of  West  Point.     It  has  a  church. 

Barhanpoora,  the  Hindoo  for  Boorhanpoor. 

Bar  Har'bor,  a  post-village  and  popular  summer  re- 
sort in  the  town  of  Eden,  Hancock  co..  Me.,  on  French- 
man's Bay,  and  on  the  E.  side  of  Mount  Desert  Island,  48 
miles  S.E.  of  Bangor.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  a  high 
school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  numerous  hotels  and  sum- 
mer cottages.     Pop.  2(100. 

Barhiya,  a  town  of  India.     See  Bijrheya. 

Bari,  bi'ree,  formerly  Terra  di  Bari,  tSi'ri  deebi'r 
ree,  a  province  of  Southern  Italy,  in  Apulia,  on  the  Adriatic. 
Capital,  Bari.     Area,  2992  square  miles.     Pop.  604,640.     , 

Bari  (anc.  Bu'rivm),  a  city  and  seaport  of  Italy,  capi- 
tal of  the  province  of  Bari,  on  a  peninsula  in  the  Adriatic, 
69  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Brindisi.  Lat.  41°  7'  62"  N.; 
Ion.  16°  53'  4"  E.  Its  newer  parts  are  well  built.  Princi- 
pal  buildings,  a  citadel,  cathedral,  lyceum,  large  diocesan 
seminary,  new  theatre,  large  arsenal,  corn  magazines,  and 
hospitals.  It  has  civil  and  criminal  courts ;  is  an  arch- 
bishop's see;  has  a  large  trade  by  sea  and  by  railways; 
manufactures  cotton,  linen,  and  silk  fabrics,  soap,  gloss, 
and  liquors;  and  exports  corn,  oil,  and  fruits.  Its  quay 
and  roadstead  are  good,  and  the  harbor  has  been  much  imt 
proved  of  late.  Bari,  taken  by  the  Normans  in  the  eleventn 
century,  was  for  a  time  the  capital  of  Apulia.    Pop.  68,266. 

Bari,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  65  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Cagliari.     Pop.  1579. 

Bari,  bi'ree,  a  village  of  Greece,  government  of  Attica, 
12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Athens,  near  Mount  Hymettus. 

Bariah,  Barreah,  b^'re-a,  or  De^ogarh'  Barieh, 
a  protected  state  of  India,  presidency  of  Bombay,  with  a 
town  of  the  same  name,  60  miles  N.E.  of  Baroda.  Area, 
813  square  miles.     Pop.  52,421. 

Barile,  bi-ree'lA,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basilicata,  4  mile* 
S.S.E.  of  Melfl.     Pop.  3827. 

Barinia,  bi-ree-mi',  a  river  and  headland  of  British 
Guiana,  about  lat.  8°  46'  N.,  Ion.  60°  W. 

Barinas,  or  Varinas,  vi-ree'nis,  a  town  of  Vene- 
zuela, capital  of  the  state  of  Zamora,  90  miles  S.  of  Tru- 
jillo.     Pop.  3950. 

Baring,  bar'ing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Me., 
on  the  St.  Croix  River,  5  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Calais.  It 
has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  lumber. 

Baring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co.,  Mo.,  12  miles  by 
rail  and  5  miles  direct  N.  of  Edina. 

Baring  Cross,  a  post-village  of  Pulaski  eo.,  Ark.,  on 
a  railroad,  and  on  the  Arkansas  River,  opposite  Little  Rock. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  200. 

Baring  Island,  in  the  Arctic  Ocean,  lat.  71°  6'-74" 
37'  N.,  Ion.  114°  20'-125°  30'  W.  It  is  high  and  rugged, 
but  abounds  in  reindeer  and  foxes,  and  in  summer  manv 
wild-geese  are  seen. 

Barisal,  a  town  of  India.     See  Bcrrisol. 

Barisciano,  bi-ree-shi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  12  miles  N.E.  of  Aquila.     Pop.  3467. 

Barium,  the  ancient  name  of  Bari. 

Barjac,  baHVhS,k',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Gard,  19  miles  N.E.  of  Alais.     Pop.  2611. 

Barjols,  ban^zhol',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Var,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Brignoles.     Pop.  3333. 

Barka,  or  Barkah,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  Burkha. 

Barkada,  bar-kah'da,   a  post-office  of  Drew  co.,  Ark. 

Bark  Camp  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Whitley  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Cumberland  River. 

Bar'ker,  a  post-office  of  Ellis  co.,  Tex. 

Barker,  a  township  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  1441, 
It  contains  part  of  Chenango  Forks. 

Barker  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Kalkaska  co.,  Mich. 

Bar'ker's,  a  post-office  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  at  Somer- 
set Station  on  the  Lake  Ontario  Shore  Railroad. 

Barker's  Grove,  a  hamletof  Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Easton  township,  i  mile  from  Easton  Post-Office.     Pop.  100. 

Bar'kersvillc,  a  post-hamlet  of  Callaway  co.,  Mo.,  on 
the  Missouri  River,  16  miles  S.  of  Fulton. 

Barkcrsville,  a  post  hamlet  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y., 
about  36  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  church,  p 
lumber-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 


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588 


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Bnr'kerville*  a  post-town  in  the  diitriot  of  Cariboo, 
British  Columbia,  448  miles  from  New  Westmingter.  It 
contiiins  2  branch  banks,  a  telegraph  office,  and  several 
churches  and  stores. 

Uur'kcyt  a  post-offlco  of  Gage  oo.,  Nob. 

liar'kcyville,  a  jjost-hamlet  of  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Irwin  township,  about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Oil  City.  It  has  a 
ohurch.     I'oj).  ivbout  100. 

Uarkliain'stcd,  a  post-township  of  Litchfield  oo., 
Conn.,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Hartford,  is  drainud  by  the 
Farminpcton  River  and  intersected  by  the  Connecticut  West- 
urn  Kiiilruad.  It  has  6  churches,  and  oontains  a  hamlet 
nauml  Pleasant  Valley.     Pop.  1439. 

Bark'ing,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Essex,  7  miles 
E.N.E.  of  London,  on  a  railway,  near  the  Thames.  It  has 
jute-mills,  and  a  considerable  transit  trade.     Pop.  9303. 

Bnr'kisland,  a  town  of  England,  in  the  West  Riding 
of  Yorkshire,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  llalifax.     Pop.  2102. 

Bar'kol,  a  town  of  Eastern  Toorkistan,  about  lat.  43° 
40'  N.,  Ion.  94"  E.,  near  the  lake  of  Barkol. 

Bark  Uiver,  a  statiou  of  Delta  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Chi- 
cago A  Northwestern  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  of  Escanaba. 

Bark  River, Wisconsin,  issues  from  a  lake  in  Waukesha 
CO.,  runs  S.W.,  and  enters  Rock  River  nt  Fort  Atkinson. 

Barks'ilale,  a  post-village  of  Edwards  co.,  Tex.,  50 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Uvalde  Station  of  the  Southern  Pacific 
Railway.     Pop.  about  200. 

Barksdale,a  post-hamlet  of  Halifax  co.,  Va.,  38  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Lynchburg. 

Bnrksdale  Station,  Va.    See  Whitlock. 

Bark'ville,  a  post-village  of  Delta  co.,  Mich.,  12  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Escanaba.  It  has  several  stores  and  other 
business  houses.     Pop.  about  300. 

Barladu,  a  town  of  Roumania.    See  Berlat. 

Bar-le-Duc,  baRM^h-diik',  or  Bar-sur-Ornain, 
ban-siiR-on*niN»',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Meuse, 
125  miles  by  railway  E.  of  Paris,  on  the  Ornain.  It  has  a 
communal  college,  a  normal  school,  and  a  public  library, 
active  uianufaetures  of  cotton  and  calicoes,  and  an  extensive 
commerce  in  timber  from  the  Vosges  for  the  supply  of  Paris, 
and  in  wine,  iron,  and  wool.  It  was  founded  in  the  tenth 
century,  and  was  formerly  the  fortified  capital  of  the  duchy 
of  Bar.     Pop.  15,175. 

Barletta,  baR-ldt'ti  (anc.  Bnrduli  and  Baroliim  f),  a 
seaport  city  of  Italy,  province  and  33  miles  by  rail  W.N.W. 
of  Bari,  on  a  rocky  island  in  the  Adriatic,  connected  by 
a  bridge  with  the  mainland.  Lat.  41°  19'  26"  N.  It  is 
"hemmed  in  with  regular-built  walls  and  angular  towers;" 
streets  wide  and  well  paved,  houses  lofty  and  of  fine  stone. 
It  has  a  citadel,  cathedral,  college,  and  a  colossal  statue  of 
the  Emperor  lleraclius.  Its  harbor,  formed  by  a  mole  on 
which  is  a  light-house,  admits  only  small  vessels;  but  it 
has  a  considerable  trade,  exporting  corn,  wine,  oil,  fruit, 
wool,  skins,  and  s.alt.     Pop.  in  1881,  31,994. 

Bar'ley  Sheaf,  a  hamlet  of  Ilunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  al>oat 
8  miles  N.  of  Flemington. 

Barlovento,  baR-lo-v8n'to,  a  town  of  the  Canary 
Islands,  on  the  island  of  Palma.     Pop.  1558. 

Bar'low,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  0.,  in  Bar- 
low township,  about  12  miles  W.  of  Marietta,  and  2  miles 
from  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad.  It  ha8  4churches, 
a  flouring-mill,  a  saw-mill,  a  planing-mill,  &c.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1194. 

Barlow  Bend,  a  post-office  of  Clark  co.,  Ala. 

Barlow  City,  a  post-office  of  Ballard  co.,  Ky. 

Barma,  or  Barmanie.    See  Bukmah. 

Barmbeck,  baRm'bftk,  a  village  of  Germany,  3  miles 
N.E.  of  Hamburg,  contains  distilleries,  an  asylum  for  the 
insane,  a  hospital  for  the  poor,  a  workhouse,  &c.    Pop.  7761. 

Barmen,  ban'm^n,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  in  the 
valley  of  the  Wipper,  27  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cologne.  It  is  in 
fact  a  continuation  of  the  town  of  Elberfeld,  to  which  it  is 
united  by  a  bridge.  Its  situation  is  picturesque,  but  the 
town  itself  is  not  prepossessing.  The  staple  manufactures 
are  ribbons,  tapes,  silk,  cotton  and  linen  fabrics,  linen  and 
cotton  thread,  velvet,  lace,  steel  and  plated  articles,  hard- 
ware, chemical  products,  and  earthenware,  with  establish- 
ments for  calico-printing  famous  for  the  excellence  of  the 
dye  called  Turkey  red.  The  town  contains  a  high  school, 
a  deaf  and  dumb  asylum,  exchange,  banks,  a  theological 
school,  a  music-hall,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  116,248. 

Bar  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co.,  Me.,  on  the  Saco 
River,  and  on  the  Portland  &  Rochester  Railroad,  18  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Portland. 

Bar'more*8,  a  station  in  Abbeville  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
Greenville  A  Columbia  Railroad;  9  miles  S.E.  of  Belton 
Junction. 


Bar'mouth,  or  Ab'ermaw,  a  town  of  Wales,  co.  of 
Merioneth,  on  the  estuary  of  the  Maw,  and  on  a  railway, 
74  miles  S.W.  of  Dolgelly.     Pop.  930. 

Barni8tcdt,  baRUi'stdtt,  a  market-town  of  Prussia, 
Ilolstein,  14  miles  E.  of  UlUckstadt.     Pop.  2481. 

Burn,  baun,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Moravia,  14  mile* 
N.N.E.  of  OlmutJ!.     Pop.  3268. 

Bar'naby  Island,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Luwrenco, 
below  Quebec,  is  3i  miles  in  length. 

Bar^nagore',  Bar^anagar',  or  Var^ahnnngnr', 
a  town  of  Bengal,  5  miles  N.  of  Calcutta,  on  the  lloogly. 

Bar'nard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co..  III.,  20  miioi 
E.  by  S.  of  Quiney. 

Barnard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pntnam  oo.,  Ind.,  30  milei 
by  rail  W.  of  Indianapolis, 

Barnard,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co.,  Kansas,  58  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Abilene.  It  contains  3  churches,  a  bank, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  200. 

Bar^nard',  a  post-town  of  Nodaway  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
One  Hundred  and  Two  River,  and  on  the  Kansas  City,  ,St. 
Joseph  &  Council  Bluffs  Railroad  (Marysville  Branch),  ;)0 
miles  N.  of  St.  Joseph.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded 
school,  a  cheese-factory,  a  tin-factory,  a  brick-yard,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  427. 

Bar'nard,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Windsor  co., 
Vt.,  about  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rutland.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  carriage-shop,  and  lumber-mills.     Pop.  1208. 

Bar'nard  Castle,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Durham, 
on  the  Tees,  and  on  two  railways,  21i  miles  S.W.  of  l)ui  • 
ham.  It  has  a  hospital,  founded  in  1229  by  John  Baliol, 
King  of  Scotland,  and  the  ruins  of  a  stately  castle  built  by 
Barnard,  the  grandfather  of  Baliol,  and  manufactures  of 
hats,  carpets,  and  thread,  a  valuable  fine-art  museum,  and 
extensive  stone-quarries.     Pop.  4278. 

Barnard  Islands,  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Australia,  are 
within  the  Great  Barrier  Reef.     Lat.  17°  40'  S. 

Barnard's,  a  post-office  of  Armstrong  co.,  Pa. 

Bar'nard's  Cross'ing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  a  railroad,  in  Greece  township,  7  miles  N.  of 
Rochester,  on  the  Genesee  River.  It  has  a  church,  and 
a  fruit-cannery. 

Bnr'nardsville,  a  post-village  of  Buncombe  co.,  N.C., 
16  miles  N.  of  Asheville. 

Barnardsviile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Roane  co.,  Teun., 
about  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Kingston.     It  has  2  churches. 

Barnaul,  baa-nowl',  a  town  of  Siberia,  government  of 
Tomsk,  on  the  Barnaul,  at  its  junction  with  the  Obi,  2;i0 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Tomsk.  It  is  the  capital  of  a  mining  dis- 
trict "  as  extensive  as  the  whole  kingdom  of  Hungary." 
The  town  is  regularly  built,  and  has  public  offices,  a  mint, 
an  observatory,  churches,  magazines,  hospitals,  geological 
and  other  museums,  and  many  furnaces,  at  which  large 
quantities  of  auriferous  silver,  lead,  and  copper  ores  are 
smelted,  and  much  cast  iron  is  produced.     Pop.  12,927. 

Bar^negnt',  a  post-village  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  o.i  «ho 
Tuckerton  Railroad,  about  15  miles  S.  of  Toms  River,  and 
near  Barnegat  Bay.     It  has  3  churches. 

Barnegat,  New  York.     See  Mii.tox  Ferry. 

Barnegat  Bay,  New  Jersey,  washes  the  eastern  border 
of  Ocean  co.,  and  is  separated  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean  by 
long  narrow  islands  or  sand-banks  called  Island  Beach  and 
Squan  Beach.  It  is  about  22  miles  long.  Boats  can  pass 
from  this  bay  into  the  ocean  through  Barnegat  Inlet,  which 
is  1  mile  wide. 

Barnegat  Junction,  or  Waretown  Junction,  a 
station  of  Union  township.  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  at  the  junction 
of  the  Toms  River  &  Waretown  and  Tuckerton  Railroads, 
14  miles  N.  of  Tuckerton. 

Bar'nerville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Cobleskill  township,  on  the  Albany  &  Susquehanna  Rsiilroad, 
about  40  miles  W.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  church,  a  woollen- 
mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  chair-factory. 

Barnes,  barnz,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  North  Da- 
kota, has  an  area  of  about  1512  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Valley 
City. 

Barnes,  a  post-village  of  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa,  12  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Moutezuma. 

Barnes,  a  post-  villnge  and  station  of  Washington  co., 
Kansas,  12  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Blue  Rapids.  It  has  3 
churches  (5  denominations),  a  bank,  public  school,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  916. 

Barnes,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richmond  co.,  0.,  about  5 
miles  S.  of  Mansfield. 

Barnes,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  oo.,  Pa.,  in  Sheffield 
township,  2  miles  from  Sheffield  Railroad  Station.  It  has 
3  saw-mills  and  a  grist-mill. 


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589 


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Barnesborough,  or  Barnsboroaghf  bamz'bur- 
rfih,  a  post- village  of  Gloucester  co.j  N.J.,  in  Mantua  town- 
ship, on  tho  West  Jersey  Kailroad,  14  miles  S.  of  Camden. 
It  has  1  or  2  churches. 

Barncsburg,  bamz'biirg,  post-oflSce,  Hamilton  co.,  0. 

Barnes'  Corners,  a  post-village  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y., 
about  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Watertown.  It  has  several  churches, 
1  lumber-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  farm-implements. 

Barnes'  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Barbour  co., 
Ala.,  3U  miles  S.W.  of  Clayton. 

.  Barnes'  Hotel,  a  station  in  Harrison  co..  Miss.,  on 
the  Mississippi  Sound,  and  on  the  New  Orleans  &  Mobile 
Railroad,  2  miles  W.  of  Mississippi  City. 

Barnes'  Store,  a  post-office  of  Wilson  co.,  "N.C. 

Barncston,  barnz'tpn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co.. 
Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  Waynesburg  Branch,  44 
miles  from  Philadelphia.     It  has  12  houses. 

Barnesville,  bamz'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co., 
Ala.,  45  miles  N.E.  of  Aberdeen,  Miss. 

Barnesville,  a  post-town  of  Pike  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  At- 
lanta division  of  the  Central  Railroad,  43  miles  AV.N.W. 
of  Macon,  and  60  miles  S.  by  E.  from  Atlanta.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  newspaper,  2  banks,  buggy-  and  carriage-factory, 
cotton-mills,  the  Gordon  Institute,  and  a  high  school.  Pop. 
in  1S70,  754;  in  1880,  l'JC2;  in  1890,  1839. 

Barnesville,  a  small  post-village  of  Bourbon  co., 
Kani^as,  on  the  Little  Osage  River,  about  13  miles  N.N.E, 
if  Fort  Scott.     It  has  a  hotel  and  a  store. 

llarnesvilie,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md., 
on  a  branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  33  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Washington,  B.C.     It  has  4  churches. 

Barnesville,  a  post-town  of  Clay  co.,  Minn.,  31  miles 
fiy  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Fergus  Falls.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
bank,  large  railroad  repair  shop,  graded  schools,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  1069. 

Barnesville,  a  village  of  Reynolds  co..  Mo.,  16  miles 
S.W.  of  Annapolis  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour- 
mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  2  stores.  Here  is  Logan's  Creek  Post- 
Office. 

Barnesville,  a  post-village  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  on  tho 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  (Central  Ohio  division),  30  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Wheeling.  It  has  a  national  bank,  3  churches, 
the  Olney  College  (Fiiends),  a  newspaper,  a  foundry,  5  cigar- 
factories,  a  planing-mill,  a  pump-factory,  and  manufactures 
Of  hydraulic  cement.     Pop.  in  1880,  2435;  in  1890,  3207. 

Barnesville,  a  post-liamlot  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Reading  Railroad  (Little  Schuylkill  Branch),  ^  mile 
N.E.  from  East  Mahanoy  Junction.     It  has  a  church. 

Barnesville,  a  hamlet  of  Gonzales  co.,  Tex.,  18  miles 
from  Seguin. 

Barnesville,  a  post-offico  of  Johnson  co.,  Tex. 

Barnesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Charlotte  co.,  Va.,  8 
miles  S.E.  of  Roanoke.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Barnesville,  a  station  in  Marion  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Grafton. 

Barnesville,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick, II  miles  from  Ossckeag.     Pop.  150. 

Bar'net,  or  Chip'ping  Bar'net,  a  town  of  England, 
cos.  of  Hertford  and  Middlesex,  11  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of 
London.  It  has  a  church  built  in  1400,  and  a  grammar- 
echool  founded  by  Queen  Elizabeth  in  1573.  An  obelisk 
near  the  town  commemorates  the  battle  fought  there  in 
1471  between  the  Yorkist  and  Lancastrian  armies,  when 
the  Earl  of  Warwick  was  killed.     Pop.  3720. 

Bar'net,  a  post-village  of  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  on  the 
Connecticut  River,  in  Barnet  township,  and  on  the  Pas- 
Bumpsic  Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of  St.  Johnsbury,  and  2  miles 
below  the  mouth  of  the  Passumpsic  River.  The  township 
has  7  churches,  and  manufactures  of  bobbins,  lumber,  <tc. 
It  contains  Mclndoe's  Falls  and  Passumpsic.     Pop.  1945. 

Barnet's,a  station  in  Preble  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cincinnati, 
Hamilton  &,  Indianapolis  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Eaton. 

Bar'uett,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Georgia  Railroad.  6  miles  S.E.  of  Crawford ville,  at  tho 
junction  of  the  Washington  Branch.  It  has  a  fine  stone 
railroad  depot,  several  shops,  Ac. 

Barnett,  a  township  of  Dc  AVitt  co..  111.     Pop.  1078. 

Barnett,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co..  Mo.,  12  miles 
from  Versailles. 

Barnett,  a  township  of  Forest  co..  Pa.     Pop.  504. 

Barnett's  Mill,  a  hamlet  of  Person  co.,  N.C.,  20  miles 
from  Boston  Depot,  Va.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Uarneveld,  baR'n§h-v5lt\  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  (ielderland,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Arnhem.     Pop.  6218. 

Bar'neveld,  a  post-village  of  Iowa  co..  Wis.,  19  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Dodgeville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  a  graded  public  school.     Pop.  450. 


Barneveld  (bau'n?h-v61t^)  Islands,  in  the  Southern 
Ocean,  off  Terra  del  Fucgo.     Lat.  56°  S. ;  Ion.  67°  W. 

Barneville-sur-Mer,  baunVeel'siiR-maiB  (anc.  Cro- 
eiato'itum  Pur' tun),  a  small  seaport  of  France,  department 
of  Manche,  15  miles  AV.S.AV,  of  Valognes.     Pop.  1002. 

Barn'hardt's  Island,  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  is  in 
the  St.  Lawrence  River,  and  in  the  township  of  Masscna. 
Area,  2000  acres.     It  is  in  a  high  state  of  cultivation. 

Barnhart's  Mills,  Butlerco.,  Pa.    See Millerstown. 

Baru'hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co..  111.,  6  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Fairfield.     Pop.  100. 

Barnliill,  a  coal-mining  post-village  of  Tuscarawas 
CO.,  0.,  about  3  miles  S.E.  of  New  Philadelphia.  It  Las 
2  churches.     Pop.  about  800. 

Bar'noldswick,  a  town  of  England,  West  Riding  of 
Yorkshire,  8  miles  by  rail  W.S.AV.  of  Skipton.     Pop.  3187. 

Barns  borough.  New  Jersey,    See  Baune.sbouough. 

Barusley, barnz'lee, Black Barnsley, or  Barnes- 
ley  St.  Mary,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West 
Riding,  10  miles  S.  of  Wakefield,  and  8  miles  N.  of  Shef- 
field, at  the  junction  of  several  railways,  and  on  two  canals. 
The  houses  are  mostly  of  stone.  It  has  a  spacious  market- 
place, a  grammar-school,  a  scientific  institution,  and  ex- 
tensive manufactures  of  linen  yarn,  flour,  coke,  cottons, 
damasks,  drills,  glass,  iron,  and  needles,  also  bleaching-, 
dyeing-,  and  coal-works.     Pop.  in  1891,  35,427. 

Barnstable,  bam'sta-b'l,  a  county  forming  the  S.E. 
e.xtremity  of  Massachusetts,  has  an  area  of  about  300  square 
miles.  It  is  a  long  peninsula,  bounded  on  the  E.  and  S.  by 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the  N.  by  Cape  Cod  Bay.  The 
soil  is  mostly  sandy.  The  prosperity  of  this  county  is  de- 
rived from  commerce,  fisheries,  and  manufactures.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Cape  Cod  division  of  the  Old  Colony 
Railroad.  Capital,  Barnstable.  Pop.  in  1870,32,774;  in 
1880,  31,897;  in  1890,  29,172. 

Barnstable,  a  port  of  entry,  capital  of  Barnstable  cc., 
Mass.,  on  a  bay  of  the  same  name,  which  is  a  part  of  Cape 
Cod  Bay,  and  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  73  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Boston.  It  is  in  Barnstable  township,  which  contains 
villages  named  Cotuit,  Centrcville,  Ilyannis,  Ostervillc,  West 
Barnstable,  and  Marston's  Mills,  and  is  bounded  on  the  S. 
by  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  Barnstable  has  a  handsome  court- 
house, 3  churches,  a  high  school,  a  town  house,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  savings-bank,  and  a  custom-house.  The  township 
has  11  churches,  and  numerous  vessels  engaged  in  the  coast- 
trade  and  fisheries.     Pop.  in  1S30,  4242;  in  1890,  4023. 

Bclrnstadt,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Schatzlar. 

Barnstaple,  barn'sta-p'l,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Devon,  on  the  Taw,  6  miles  from  Barnstaple  Bay,  and  on  a 
railway,  34  miles  N.W.  of  Exeter.  The  town  is  well  built, 
has  a  large  ancient  church,  and  a  grammar-school,  endowed 
in  1649,  occupying  part  of  an  old  monastery,  a  charity 
school,  an  almshouse,  and  other  charities,  a  mechanics'  in- 
stitute, tanneries,  potteries,  an  iron-foundry,  paper-mill, 
and  manufactories  of  lace  and  fishing-nets.  Chief  import, 
timber.     Pop.  in  1891,  13,058. 

Barn'stead,  a  post-township  of  Belknap  co.,  N.H., 
about  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Concord.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Suncook  River.     Pop.  in  1880,  1296;  in  1890,  1264. 

Barn'ston,  a  post-village  in  Stanstead  co.,  Quebec,  4J 
miles  S.W.  of  Coaticook.  It  contains  a  mechanics'  institute 
and  2  churches.     Pop.  250. 

Barnston,  a  post-village  of  Gage  co..  Neb.,  about  20 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Beatrice.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  bank. 
Pop.  about  400. 

Barnum,  a  post- village  of  Webster  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Dubuque  &  Sioux  City  Railroad,  10  miles  AV.  of  Fort  Dodge. 

Barnum,  a  post- village  of  Carlton  co.,  Min.n.,  59  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Rush  City,  and  18  miles  S.  of  Carlton.  It 
has  a  church,  <fec.     Pop.  700. 

Barnum,  a  hamlet  of  Adams  co.,  AVis.,  20  miles  S.  of 
Grand  Rapids.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Bar'num's,  a  station  in  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Port 
Jervis  <t  Monticello  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Monticello. 

Bar'nnmton,  a  post-office  of  Camden  co..  Mo.,  45  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Lebanon. 

Bar'numville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bennington  co.,  Vt., 
on  the  Harlem  Extension  Railroad,  28  miles  S.  of  Rutland. 

Barn'well,  a  county  in  the  S.AV^.  part  of  South  Caro- 
lina, has  an  area  of  about  1100  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.E.  by  the  Edisto  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the 
Savannah.  It  is  also  drained  by  the  Combahee  River.  The 
surface  is  mostly  covered  with  forests.  Cotton,  maize,  sweet 
potatoes,  and  rice  are  the  staples.  It  is  intersected  by  tho 
South  Carolina  Railroad  and  the  Port  Royal  Railroad.  Cap- 
ital, Barnwell  Court-House.  Pop.  in  1870,  35,724:  in  1880, 
39,857;  in  1890,  44,613. 


6AR 


590 


BAR 


Barnwell  Court- House,  a  post-villnge,  capital  of 
BHrnwell  oo.,  8.C.,  9  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Bliiokvillc,  and 
40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Augusta,  Oa.  It  has  A  churches,  a 
«ourt-houiie,  a  graded  school,  a  bank,  a  savings  institution, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  cottonseed  oil  itiill,  and  several  stores 
Mid  other  business  concerns.     Pop.  V37. 

Baro,  b&'rO',  a  river  of  Africa,  an  affluent  of  the  Bahr- 
«1-Abiitd,  rises  in  the  country  of  the  AVallcgas,  S.W.  of 
Abyssinia,  near  hit.  8°  N.  It  is  represented  ivs  a  very  largo 
river,  the  valley  of  which  is  inhabited  by  Shankulahs  and 
frcouontod  by  herds  of  elephants. 

Hnroacli,  bil-rOtoh',  Broach,  or  Bhanich,  a  district 
of  llritisli  India,  presidency  of  Bombay,  having  on  the  S. 
and  K.  Uaroda,  and  N.  and  W.  the  river  Mhye  and  the 
Oulf  of  Canibay.      Area,  1320  8<^uare  miles.     Pop.  3o0,.322. 

Baroach  (probably  the  ancient  Uuryfjma),  capital  of 
the  above  distnot,  on  the  Norbudda,  200  miles  by  rail  N.  of 
Bombay.  It  has  2  steam  cotton-gins  and  a  largo  trade  in 
rotton.  grain,  and  seeds,  exported  to  Bombay  and  Surat. 
Pop.  3(S,y32.  Here  is  a  Brahmanical  hospital  for  sick  ani- 
mals, into  which  even  insects  are  received. 

Baroda,  bi!L-ro'd&,  or  The  Guicowar^s  Domin- 
ions, a  native  state  of  India,  in  Quzorat.  Area,  4399 
square  miles.  It  has  long  been  under  the  rule  of  a  Mahratta 
chief,  with  the  title  of  giticownr  or  gai/cteai;  but  since  1875 
is  virtually  under  Britisii  authority.  It  is  a  very  fertile 
region.     Capital,  Baroda.     Pop.  in  1881,  2,185,005. 

Baroda,  a  city  of  India,  capital  of  the  above  state. 
Lat.  22°  16'  N. ;  Ion.  73°  14'  E.  It  is  on  the  railway  from 
Bombay  to  Ahmedabad,  and  is  walled  and  fortified.  Pop. 
in  1881,  101,818. 

Baroliim,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Bakletta. 

Baronda,  a  state  of  India.     See  Bkroxda. 

Bar'on  Island,  or  Nu'sa  Bar'on,  an  island  off  the 
S.  coast  of  Java,  about  113°  18'  E.  Ion. 

Baros,  bi'ros,  a  town  of  the  Dutch  East  Indies,  W. 
coast  of  the  island  of  Sumatra,  250  miles  N.W.  of  Padang. 

Ba^rott',  a  post-hamlet  of  Fergus  co.,  Montana,  on  the 
Musselt<hell  River,  about  70  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Lewistown. 

Barqucsimeto,  baii-kA-se-mi'to,  formerly  Nueva 
Segovia,  nwi'vl  sA-go'v§-i,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  capi- 
tal of  the  state  of  Lara,  165  miles  W.S.W.  of  Caracas.  It.  is 
a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  college.     Pop.  in  1889,  31,476. 

Barr,  ban,  a  town  of  Alsace,  at  the  foot  of  the  Vosges, 
18  miles  S.W.  of  Strasburg.  It  is  a  railway  terminus,  and 
Las  active  and  varied  manufactures.     Pop.  5651. 

Barr,  a  po.»t-hamlet  of  Arapahoe  co..  Col.,  17  miles  by 
rail  N.E.  of  Denver. 

Barr,  a  township  of  Daviess  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  2758.  It 
contains  the  village  of  Montgomery. 

Bart,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mifflin  co..  Pa.,  in  Brown  town- 
ship, abcut  8  miles  N.W.  of  Lewistown. 

Barra,  bir'ra  or  bar'r.\,  or  Bar'ray,  an  island  of  In- 
verness-shire, Scotland,  in  the  Outer  lleijriJcs.  Length,  8 
miles ;  breadth,  2  to  4  miles.  Its  people  speak  Gaelic,  and 
are  Romanists.  Lat.  of  Barra  Head  (light-house),  56°  48' 
N. ;  Ion.  7°  38'  W.  Pop.  1753.  This,  with  some  20  smaller 
islands,  forms  the  parish  of  Barra,  or  Barra  Islands. 

Barra,  ban'Ki,  or  La  Barra,  a  town  of  Italy,  3  miles 
E.  of  Naples,  with  many  country  residences.     Pop.  8919. 

Barra,  bar'ri,  a  petty  state  of  Northwest  Africa,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Gambia,  extending  about  54  miles  along  the 
coast,  with  a  breadth  of  about  42  miles.  It  contains  a 
number  of  considerable  villages. 

Barraboo,  Wisconsin.    See  Baraboo. 

Barracas  al  Sud,  bar-ri'kils  &l  sooth,  a  suburb  of 
the  city  of  Buenos  Aj'res,  Argentine  Republic,  southeast- 
ward of  the  town,  to  which  it  is  joined  by  railway.  Pop.  5645. 

Barrackpoor,or  Barrackpur,  barVack-poor'(called 
by  the  natives  Chanak,  chi'nik),  a  town  of  India,  in  Ben- 
gal, on  the  Hoogly,  15  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Calcutta.  It  has 
a  fine  park,  government  house,  and  public  school.  Pop.  9591. 

Bar'rackville,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  \V.  Va., 
on  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  72  miles  S.E.  of  Wheel- 
ing. It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  flour-mill. 
Pop.  114. 

Barracoa,  a  town  of  Cuba.     See  Baracoa. 

Barrada,  or  Burada,  bar-ri'di  (anc.  Chryaor'rhoas), 
a  river  of  Syria,  rises  near  33°  50'  N.  lat.  and  36°  E.  Ion., 
flows  southward  along  the  Anti-Libanus,  and  on  approach- 
ing Damascus  is  divided  into  two  branches,  one  of  which 
pai>8cs  along  the  N.  side  of  the  city,  while  the  other  is  di- 
verted into  eight  differentchannelsfor  watering  the  city  and 
irrigating  its  gardens.  The  former  branch,  now  called 
Awaj,  is  the  Pbar'par,  and  the  latter,  the  main  Barrada, 
i.<  the  Ah' ana  of  ancient  times.  The  branches  shortly  after 
unite,  and  the  trunk  enters  the  lake  of  Bahr-el-Merj. 


Barra  -  do  *  Rio-dc-Contas,  baR'nil-do-roe'o-di- 
kon't&s,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  230  miles  S.W.  of 
Bnhia.     Poj).  3000.  ; 

Barra •  do-Hio-do-Sfto-  Jofto,  baR'R&-do-ree'a(>' 
do-sSwM^-zho  Sw>-«,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  100  milsi 
E.N.E.  of  Rio  Janeiro.     Pop.  2000. 

Barra-do-Uio- Grande,  bait'R&-do-ree'o-gr&n'd&,a 
village  of  Brazil,  about  350  miles  W.  of  Buhia,  on  the  SSo 
Francisco.     Pop.  4000, 

Barra-do-Ilio-Ncgro,  Brazil.    See  Mana'os. 

Barrafranca,  baR-R&-fr&n'kil,  a  town  of  Sicily,  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Caltanisetta.     Pop.  8426. 

Barrage,  bau'nlzh'  (Fr.  for  "dam"),  a  village  of 
Egypt,  on  the  Nile,  35  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Cairo.  Hero  is  a 
great  dam,  or  barrage,  with  locks  and  sluices,  designed  to  rog* 
ulate  the  Nile  flood  for  purposes  of  irrigation.     Pop.  3017, 

Bar'rah,  a  town  of  the  Benares  division,  North-Wost 
Provinces,  British  India,  district  and  17  miles  E.  of  Ghazo«< 
poor.     I'op.  5401. 

Barra  JMansn,  baR'ni  min'sl,  a  town  of  Brazil,  7Q 
miles  N.W.  of  Rio  Janeiro,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Para> 
hiba  do  Sul.     Pop.  6000.     . 

Barran,  ban'nfix"',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Oers,  7  miles  W.S,W.  of  Auch.     Pop.  1570.  ' 

Barranca,  baii-it&n'ki,  a  town  of  the  United  States  of 
Colombia,  on  the  Magdalena,  60  miles  S.E.  of  Cartagena. 

Barranquilla,  bau-n&n  kcel'yi,  a  town  of  Colombia^ 
in  the  depaituient  of  Bolivar,  and  the  capital  of  a  province 
of  its  own  name,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  navigable  river 
Magdalena,  15  miles  from  its  mouth.  It  has  a  custom-house^' 
2  churches,  1  bank,  7  foreign  consulates,  a  hospital,  2  print* 
ing-offlccs,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  machine-shops.  Front, 
this  point  up,  some  14  steamers  ply  upon  the  Alagdalena^ 
and  a  railway  extends  hence  to  Salgar.  The  town  is  fast 
increasing  in  trade.     Pop.  18,000. 

Barraux,  bau'uo',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Iscre,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Grenoble.     Pop.  1450. 

Barrax,  ban-nin',  a  town  of  Spain,  on  an  affluent  of 
the  Jucar,  23  miles  W.N.W.  of  Albacete.     Pop.  2500. 

Barray  Islands,  coast  of  Scotland.    Sec  Bauua. 

Barr'd  Islands,  a  group  of  small  islands  off  the  N.K. 
coast  of  Newfoundland,  4  miles  from  Fogo.     Pop.  270. 

Bar're,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  in  Barre 
township,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Worcester,  and  60  miles 
W.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  5 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  wool,  straw  hats,  Ac, 
One  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.  Barre  township, 
is  intersected  by  Ware  River,  and  has  a  station  named  Barre 
Plains,  on  the  Ware  River  Railroad.     Pop.  fl890)  2239.      ■ 

Barre,  a  township  of  Orleans  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  in  1875/ 
2356.     It  contains  Barre  Centre. 

Barre,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Vt.,  in  Barra 
township,  on  the  Barre  Branch  of  the  Central  Vermont' 
Railroad,  5  or  6  miles  S.E.  of  Montpelier,  and  on  a  braneb 
of  the  Winoo«ki  River.  It  contains  3  churches,  a  nationivl 
bank,  the  Barre  Academy,  a  school  called  Goddard  Scmi-^ 
nary,  and  an  iron-foundry.  Barre  township  has  a  quarry 
of  good  granite,  and  manufactures  of  forks,  ploughs,  woollen 
goods,  ice-tools,  sash,  Ac.     Pop.  1882. 

Barre,  a  township  of  La  Crosse  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  714 

Barreah,  a  town  of  India.    See  Bauiau. 

Bar're  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orleans  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Barre  township,  about  30  miles  AV.  of  Rochester.  It  has  a 
church,  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  staves. 

Bar'ree,  a  township  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1237. 
It  contains  Manor  Hill,  Saulsburg,  and  Masseysburg. 

Bar're  Forge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huntingdon  co.,  I'a., 
on  the  Little  Juniata  River,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  N.W.  of  Huntingdon.  It  has  a  manufactory 
of  pig-iron  and  blooms. 

Barrages,  or  Bareges,  ban^Raizh',  a  village  and  eel-  t 
ebrated  watering-place  of  France,  department  of  Hautes- 
Pyrenees,  on  the  Gave  de  Bastan,  3240  feet  above  the  sea, 
and  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bagneres-de-Bigorro.  It  consists 
of  about  60  houses,  most  of  them  abandoned  in  winter  on, 
account  of  the  cold  and  the  danger  from  avalanches.  It  is 
frequented  by  invalids  for  its  sulphurous  springs.  In  the 
vicinity  is  the  beautiful  cascade  of  Gavarnie. 

Bar're  Junction,  a  station  in  Washington  co.,  Vt.,  at 
the  junction  of  the  Montpelier  &  Wells  River  Railroad  with 
the  Barre  Branch  of  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  2  miloe 
from  Montpelier. 

Bar'rellville,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co.,  !Md.,  on  the- 
Cumberland  &  Piedmont  Railroad,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Cum- 
berland. 

Bar'rel-of-But'ter  Island,  a  skerry  or  small  islet, 
of  Scotland,  Orkney,  off  the  S.  end  of  Pomona.     The  tenant   • 


BAR 


m 


BAR 


pays  the  proprietor  a  barrel  of  butter  as  rent  for  the  privi- 
fege  of  killing  seals  on  it. 

Barre  Mills,  a  post-office  of  La  Crosse  co.,  AVis.,  about 
8  miles  E.N.E.  of  La  Crosse. 

Bar'ren  or  Big  Barren  River,  of  Kentucky,  rises 

in  or  near  Monroe  co.     It  runs  northwestward,  intersects 

1   Warren  co.,  and  enters  Green  River  at  Woodbury,  about  20 

miles  N.W.  of  Bowling  Green.     Length,  nearly  120  miles. 

'    Small  steamboats  can  ascend  it  to  Bowling  Green. 

Barren,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Kentucky,  has  an 
area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Little 
i  Barren  lliver  and  several  creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating 
or  hilly ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  A  large  portion  of  the  county  is 
covered  with  forests.  Indian  corn,  tobacco,  wheat,  oats, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Louisville  A  Nashville  Railroad,  which  has  a  terminus  at 
Glasgow  the  capital  of  the  county.  The  Green  lliver  forms 
its  S.W.  boundary.  Cavernous  limestone  is  abundant  in 
tills  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  17,780;  in  1880,  22,321;  in 
18'JO,  21,490. 

Barren  Creek  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Wicomico 
CO.,  Md.,  about  12  miles  N.W.  of  Salisbury.  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  saw-mill ;  also  a  medicinal  spring. 

Barren  Fork,  a  post-hamlet  of  Izard  co..  Ark.,  50 
miles  from  Newi>ort.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Barren  Hill  (Post-office,  Lafayette  Hill),  a  post-ham- 
let of  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  about  10  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Philadelphia.     It  has  several  hotels  and  general  stores. 

Barren  Island,  a  sandy  island  off  the  S.  shore  of 
Long  Island,  in  the  township  of  Gravesend,  Kings  co.,  N.  Y. 

Barren  Island,  an  island  of  Newfoundland,  on  the 
W.  coast  of  Placentia  Bay,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Harbor  Buffett. 

Barren  Island,  one  of  the  Hunter  Islands,  off  the 
X.E.  point  of  Tasmania.     Length,  15  miles. 

Barren  Island,  a  volcanic  island  in  the  Bay  of  Ben- 
gal, E.  of  the  Andaman  Isles,  1818  feet  in  height. 

Barren  Islands,  a  group  of  small  islands  on  the  coast 
of  Alaska,  at  the  entrance  to  Cook's  Inlet.  The  principal 
arc  Amatuli  and  Ushugat. 

Barren  Lake,  a  station  on  the  Michigan  Central  (Air- 
Line)  Railroad,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Cassopolis,  Mich. 

Barren  Plain,  a  post-office  of  Robertson  co.,  Tenn., 
.^6  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Nashville. 

Barren  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Fentress  co.,  Tenn. 

Bar're  Plains,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 
in  Barre  township,  on  Ware  River,  about  19  miles  W.N.AV. 
of  Worcester.  It  is  on  the  Ware  River  Railroad,  21  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Palmer.     It  has  a  flouring-mill  and  factories. 

Bar'rett,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Central  Branch  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  81  miles  W. 
of  Atchison.  It  has  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  2  broom- 
factories. 

Barrett,  a  station  in  Clearfield  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Tyrone 
&  Clearfield  Railroad,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Clearfield. 

Barrett,  a  township  of  Monroe  co..  Pa.     Pop.  930. 

Barrett's  Junction,  a  station  in  Bclchertown,  Ilamp- 
fhiro  CO.,  Mass.,  at  the  crossing  of  the  Springfield  <fc  Athol 
and  New  London  Northern  Railroads,  17  miles  N.E.  of 
Springfield. 

Barrett's  Station,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Louis  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  16  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Bar'rettsville,  a  post-office  of  Dawson  co.,  Ga.,  about 
60  miles  N.  of  Atlanta. 

Barrettsville,  a  post-office  of  Hampshire  co.,  W.  Va. 

Bar'reville,  a  post-hamlet  of  McHenry  co..  III.,  in 
Niinda  township,  about  45  miles  N.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has 
a  flour-mill. 

Barrh,  a  town  of  India.    See  Barii. 

Barr^head',  a  town  of  Renfrewshire,  Scotland,  6  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Glasgow.  It  has  cotton-mills,  print-works, 
and  bleacheries.     Pop.  6209. 

Bar'rie,  a  post-town  of  Ontario,  capital  of  Simcoe  co., 
on  Kempenfeldt  Bay,  Lake  Simcoe,  60  miles  by  rail  N.N.W. 
of  Toronto.  It  has  10  churches,  3  banks,  an  academy,  3 
weekly  newspapers,  3  saw-mills,  3  grist-mills,  3  carriage- 
factories,  and  2  woollen-factories.  The  railroad  shops  of  the 
Grand  Trunk  Railway  are  near  here.     Pop.  in  1891,  5550. 

Bar'rier  Reef,  or  The  Great  Bar'riers  Reef, 
off  the  N.E.  coast  of  Australia,  commences  with  Breaksea 
Spit,  in  lat.  24°  30'  S.,  Ion.  168°  20'  B.,  and  extends  to  Bris- 
tow  Island,  on  the  coast  of  Papua,  in  lat.  9°  15'  S.,  Ion.  143° 
20'  E.,  a  distance  of  1260  miles.  This  reef  is  composed  of 
coral,  and  rises  from  a  great  depth,  no  bottom  having  been 
reached  in  some  places  with  a  line  of  285  fathoms. 

Barriga  Negra,  baR-nee'gi  ni'gra,.  a  town  or  village 
of  Uruguay,  South  America,  85  miles  N.E.  of  Montevideo. 

Bar'ringer's,  a  township,  Iredell  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  998. 


Bar'rington,  a  post-town  of  Cook  co.,  111.,  about  32 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Chicago,  on  the  Janesville  Branch  of 
the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad.  It  has  5  churches, 
a  bank,  a  graded  school,  hotels,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
several  butter-  and  cheese-factories.     Pop.  in  1890.  848. 

Barrington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Strafford  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Barrington  township,  about  25  miles  E.  of  Concord.  It  has 
2  churches  and  several  lumber-mills.  Pop.  of  the  township, 
1581.  Barrington  Station  is  on  the  Nashua  &  Rochester 
Railroad,  42  miles  N.N.E.  of  Nashua,  at  East  Barrington. 

Barrington,  a  post-township  of  Yates  co.,  N.Y.,  abont 
35  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Elmira,  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by 
Crooked  Lake.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  1506. '  Barring- 
ton Post-Office  is  at  Warsaw. 

Barrington,  a  post-vill.age  and  township  of  Bristol 
CO.,  R.I.,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Providence,  is  bounded  on  the  S. 
and  W.  by  Narragansett  Bay.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  brick- 
yard. Pop.  of  village,  106;  of  township,  1185.  Barrington 
Station  is  at  Baruingtox  Ce.ntre  (which  see). 

Barrington,  a  post- village  in  Huntingdon  co.,  Quebec, 
4  miles  from  Hemmingford.     Pop.  125. 

Barrington,  a  seaport  town  of  Nova  Scotia,  co.  of 
Shelburne,  161  miles  S.AV.  of  Halifax.     Pop.  800. 

Barrington  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bristol  co , 
R.I.,  on  the  Providence,  Warren  &  Bristol  Railroad,  8  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Providence.     Pop.  120. 

Barrington  Passage,  a  seaport  town  in  Shelbumo 
CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  4  miles  E.  of  Barrington.     Bop.  500. 

Bar'risville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Beaver  co.,  Fa.,  6  mile* 
from  New  Brighton. 

Bar'ron,  a  county  in  the  N.AV.  part  of  Wisconsin,  haa 
an  area  of  1080  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Red 
Cedar  or  Menomonee  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Haj 
River.  It  contains  several  lakes.  The  surfixco  is  exten 
sively  covered  with  forests;  the  soil  produces  oats,  potatoes 
<fec.  Capital,  Barron.  Pop.  in  1870,  538;  in  1880,  7024 
in  1890,  15,416. 

Barron,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Oregon. 

Barron,  an  incorporated  city,  capital  of  Barron  co. ; 
Wis.,  on  Vermilion  River,  about  5  miles  from  its  mouth, 
and  48  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Osceola  Mills.  It  haa  a  court- 
house, 4  churches,  a  state  bank,  woollen-,  flour-,  and  wood- 
working-mills, and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  829. 

Bar'ronsfield,  a  post-village  in  Cumberland  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  12  miles  from  Maccan.     Pop.  125. 

Barrosa,  baii-Ro'si,  a  village  of  Spain,  on  the  coast  of 
Andalusia,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Cadiz. 

Barrow,  bir'rO,  or  Borragh,  bor'r&H,  a  river  of  Ire- 
land, in  Leinster,  flows  generally  southward,  and  joins  tho 
Suir  to  form  AVaterford  harbor. 

Bar'rOAV,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co..  111.,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Rock  Island  &  Chicago  Railroad,  51  miles  N.  by  AY. 
of  Alton.     It  has  a  church. 

Bar'row-in-Fur'ness,  a  borough  and  port  of  Lan* 
cashire,  England,  on  Morecambo  Bay,  opposite  to  and 
including  AValney  Island.  It  is  the  terminus  of  several 
railways,  and  has  some  of  the  largest  iron-  and  steel-works 
in  England,  ship-yards,  wire  and  railway-carriage  works, 
flax-  and  jute-mills,  <fec.  It  has  excellent  docks  and  harbor^ 
works,  and  is  in  part  built  on  land  reclaimed  from  the  sea. 
It  was  until  a  few  years  ago  an  insignificant  village.  Pop. 
in  1871,  18,584;  in  1881,  47,259;  in  1891,  61,712. 

Bar'row  Island,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  lat.  20°  46'  S., 
Ion.  139°  3'  AV.,  was  named  in  honor  of  Sir  John  Barrow. 

Barrow's  Lake,  towards  the  S.  of  Newfoundland,  is 
about  18  miles  long  and  2  miles  wide.  It  has  its  outlet  by  a 
river  emptying  into  Fortune  Bay. 

Barrow's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Brunswick  co.,  Va. 

Bar'row  Strait,  a  channel  in  the  ^T.  part  of  North 
America,  is  about  40  miles  wide.  The  E.  part  of  it  is  con- 
tiguous to  Lancaster  Sound  and  Prince  Regent  Inlet.  It 
communicates  with  Melville  Sound  on  the  W.  It  is  near 
lat.  74°  N.,  and  is  included  between  Ion.  84°  and  90°  A7. 

Bar'rowsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Norton  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  New  Bedford  Railroad, 
7  miles  N.AV.  of  Taunton.  It  has  a  church  and  a  cotton- 
factory. 

Barr's,  a  station  in  Elk  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Low  Grade 
division  of  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  19  miles  AY.  of 
Driftwood.    Here  is  Medix  Run  Post-Offiee. 

Barr's  Landing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lexington  co.,  S.C, 
on  the  Charlotte,  Columbia  <fe  Augusta  Railroad,  18  miles 
AY.  of  Columbia.     It  has  a  turpentine  distillery. 

Barr's  Mills,  a  village  in  Stark  co.,  0.,  on  the  Tus- 
carawas A'alley  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  by  AV.  of  Massillon, 
in  Sugar  Creek  township.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  « 
planing-mill,  and  a  graded  school.  - 


BAB 


592  BAR 


Barr*8  MillSt  a  post-hamlot  of  Tuscarawas  oo.,  0.,  in 
Sugar  Creek  township,  on  Sugar  Creek,  11  miles  W.  of 
Dover.     It  has  1  or  2  mills. 

Barr*s  Store,  a  post-township  of  Macoupin  oo.,  HI., 
about  25  miles  S.  of  Jaoksonvillo.     Pon.  9D9. 

Bnrrs'villc,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  oo.,  Fla.,  14 
miles  from  Luko  City. 

Uurrum  ad  Albulam,  Latin  for  Bar-sur-Aubb. 

Ilarruiu  tid  Scquauam,  Latin  for  Bar-suu-Seine. 

Barry,  b&r'ree,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of 
Michigan,  bus  an  aroa  of  570  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  Thornapplo  River,  and  also  drained  by  Fall  Creek.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  is  adorned  with  numerous  small 
lakes.  A  largo  portion  is  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the 
•sb,  beech,  oak,  sugar-maple,  and  tulip-tree  abound.  The 
toil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  com,  oats,  hay,  butter,  and 
wool  arc  the  staple  products.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Grand 
Tliver  Valley  division  of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad. 
Capital,  Hastings.  Pop.  in  1870,  22,199;  in  1880,  25,317  j 
in  1S90,  23,7S3. 

Barry,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Mii>80uri,  border- 
ing on  Arkansas,  has  an  area  of  about  700  square  mile.i.  It 
is  drained  by  White  River  and  Flat  Creek.  The  surface  is 
hilly,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  nsh,  hick- 
ory, oak,  yellow  pine,  <fcc. ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  and  live  stock  are  the  staple  productions.  Among 
the  minerals  of  this  county  are  carboniferous  limestone  and 
lead.  Capital,  Cassville.  The  county  is  intersected  by  the 
St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  Railroad,  which,  entering  it  at 
Plymouth  in  the  extreme  N.,  divides  it  into  two  portions, 
of  which  the  E.  one  is  far  the  larger.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,373  ; 
in  1880,  1-J,405;  in  1890,  22,943. 

Barry,  a  post-village  of  Pike  co..  III.,  in  Barry  town- 
ship,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  19  miles  E.  of  Hannibal,  Mo., 
and  27  miles  S.E.  of  Quincy.  It  has  3  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  3  fluuring-mills,  and 
a  woollcn-mill.     Pop.  1600;  of  the  township,  249B. 

Barry,  a  post-office  of  Coffey  co.,  Kansas. 

Barry,  a  township  of  Barry  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  12.30. 

Barry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Big  Stone  co.,  Minn.,  10  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Brown's  Valley,  and  38  miles  W.  of  Morris. 

Barry,  a  post-village  of  Clay  and  Platte  cos.,  Mo.,  10 
miles  N.  of  Kansas  City.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  150. 

Barry,  a  post-village  of  Schuylkill  oo..  Pa.,  in  Barry 
township,  about  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Pottsville,  and  44  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Harrisburg.     Pop.  of  township,  950. 

Barry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Navarro  co.,  Tex.,  11  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Corsicana. 

Barrytown,  bir'rec-town,  a  post-village  of  Dutchess 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Red  Hook  township,  on  the  Hudson  River,  and 
on  the  Hudson  River  Railroad,  94  miles  N.  of  New  York. 
It  has  3  churches.    Pop.  248. 

Barryvilic,  bir'ree-vil,  a  post-office  of  Delaware  co., 
Iowa,  about  50  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Dubuque. 

Barryville,  a  post-office  of  Macon  co..  Mo. 

Barryvilic,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Delaware  &  Hudson  Canal,  and  on  the  Delaware  River 
(which  separates  it  from  Shohola  Station  on  the  Erie  Rail- 
road), 19  miles  W.N.W.  of  Port  Jervis.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  suspension  bridge,  and  a  boat-yard.     Pop.  about  250. 

Barryville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stark  co.,  0.,  about  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Canton.     It  has  a  church. 

Bars,  a  town  and  county  of  Hungary.    See  Barsch. 

Barsac,  baR^sik',  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Gironde,  on  the 
Garonne,  19  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  2870. 

Barsch,  bansh  (Hun.  Bars,  boRsh),  a  town  of  Hungary, 
capital  of  the  county,  57  miles  N.N.W.  of  Pesth,  and  di- 
vided by  the  riter  Gran  into  Old  and  New  Barsch  (pop. 
respectively  1000  and  820),  formerly  a  free  fortified  town. 
The  county  of  Barsch  has  137,191  inhabitants.  In  the  S. 
it  is  rich  in  grain  and  fruit.  The  mountains  in  the  N. 
formerly  yielded  gold  and  silver. 

Barsi,  a  town  of  India.    See  Bursee. 

Barstow,  a  small  post-village  of  San  Bernardino  co., 
Cal.,  at  a  railway  junction,  81  miles  by  rail,  or  about  45 
miles  direct,  N.  of  San  Bernardino. 

Bar-8nr«Aube,  baR-siiR-ob  (L.  Bar'rum  ad  Al'bu- 
lam),  an  ancient  town  of  France,  department  of  Aube,  33 
miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Troyes,  on  the  Aube.  It  has  a  com- 
merce in  wine,  wood,  hemp,  and  wool.     Pop.  4453. 

Bar-sur-Ornain.    See  Bar-lb-Duc. 

Bar- sur- Seine,  baR-silR-sine  (L.  Bar'rum  adSeq'na- 
mam),  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Aube,  20  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Troyes,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Seine.  Thi.<  was 
an  important  town  in  the  Middle  Ages.  It  was  the  scene 
of  a  severe  engagement  between  Napoleon  and  the  allies, 
25th  May,  1814.    Pop.  2798. 


Bart,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  in  Bare  town- 
ship,  about  50  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia.  The  townshi]>  has 
4  churches,  a  cotton-factory,  and  nickel-mines  which  are 
the  richest  in  the  United  States.     Pop.  of  townshij),  U;i2. 

Bartan,  baRH&n',  a  town  of  Anatolia,  on  the  linrtiin 
Soo  (anc.  Parthe'itiui),  near  its  mouth  in  the  Black  Sea, 
45  miles  N.E.  of  Ereglee.     It  has  5  mosques.     Pop.  0500. 

Barten,  bau't^n,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  47  miles  S.B. 
of  Kiinigsberg.     Pop.  1735. 

Bartenheim,  baR't9n-hime*  (Fr.  pron.  bauH^n-iin'), 
a  village  of  Alsace,  Germany,  on  a  railway,  12  miles  from 
Miilhauscn.     Pop,  1885. 

Bartenstein,  baR't§n-stine\  a  town  of  East  Prussia, 
33  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Konigsberg,  on  the  Alio.  Pop. 
5879,  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  linens,  woollens,  etc. 

Bartra,  b5Rt'foh\  or  Bartfeld,  baut'ffilt,  a  town  of 
North  Hungary,  co.  of  Saros,  on  the  Tepla,  155  miles  N.E. 
of  Pesth,  is  celebrated  for  its  hot  baths.     Pop.  5303. 

Bart'gestuwn,  a  post-office  of  Rice  co.,  Kanstas. 

Barth,  or  Bart,  bant,  a  seaport  of  Prussia,  Ponierania, 
on  the  Binnensce.  at  the  mouth  of  the  Barth,  17  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Stralsund.     Pop.  5774. 

Bartholma,  or  Sanct  Bartholmil,  s&nkt  bar- 
tol'mi,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Carniola,  8  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Neustadtl-Rudolphswerth.     Pop.  3786. 

Bartholomilussee,  Bavaria.    See  Ko.vigseb 

Bartholomew,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  yart  of 
Indiana,  has  an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Driftwood  Fork  of  White  River,  i  nd  by 
Clifty  and  Flat  Rock  Creeks,  The  surface  is  partly  level 
and  partly  hilly;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
and  live-stock  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Jeffersonville,  Madison  &  Indianapolis  Railroad.  Two 
branches  of  that  road  also  connect  at  Columbus,  which  is 
the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  21,133;  in  1880,  22,777;  in 
1890,  23,867. 

Bartholomew,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ashley  co..  Ark.,  on 
Bayou  Bartholomew,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Hamburg. 

Bartholomew,  Drew  co..  Ark.    See  Baxter. 

Bartholomew  Bayou,  bi'oo,  a  river  of  Arkansas, 
rises  in  Jefferson  co.,  near  Pine  Bluff.  Its  general  direc- 
tion is  nearly  southward  until  it  crosses  the  southern  bound- 
ary of  the  state  and  enters  Morehouse  parish  in  Louisiana. 
It  runs  thence  southwestward,  and  enters  the  Ouachita  River 
about  13  miles  W.  of  Bastrop.  Its  length  is  about  275 
miles.    It  is  said  to  be  navigable  by  steamboats  for  200  miles. 

Bartholomew's  Station,  in  Washington  co.,  Md., 
is  on  the  Washington  County  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  21  miles  S.  of  Hagerstown. 

Bar'tholow's  Water  Station,  in  Frederick  co., 
Md.,  is  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  47  miles  W.  of 
Baltimore. 

Bar'tleson,  a  station  on  the  St.  Louis,  Lawrence  & 
Western  Railroad,  3  miles  E.  of  Stanley,  Kansas. 

Bart'lctt,  a  post-village  of  Cook  co..  III.,  29  miles  by 
rail  W.N.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam  grist- 
mill, a  hotel,  and  several  carriage-shops.     Pop.  about  150. 

Bartlett,  a  post-village  of  Fremont  co.,  Iowa,  25  milei 
by  rail  S.  of  Council  Bluffs.     Pop.  106. 

Bartlett,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wheeler  co..  Neb., 
40  miles  N.W.  of  Albion.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  2  news* 
paper  offices,  and  a  superior  system  of  water-works.  Pop, 
400. 

Bartlett,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  N.II.,  in  Bart- 
lett township,  on  the  Saoo  River,  and  on  the  Portland  i 
Ogdensburg  Railroad,  72  miles  N.W.  of  Portland.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  hotel,  and  a  lumber-mill.  Near  here  is  Mount 
Kearsarge,  3251  feet  high.     Pop.  of  township  (1890),  1247. 

Bartlett,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  6  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Rome.     It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory^ 

Bartlett,  a  post-office  at  the  village  of  Plymouth^ 
Washington  co.,  0.,  18  miles  W.  of  Marietta. 

Bartlett,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn.,  11  milea 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Memphis.     It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  300. 

Bartlett,  a  post-town  of  Williamson  co.,  Tex.,  57  mile* 
by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Waco.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a 
high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  &o.  Extensive  shipment* 
of  cotton  are  made  at  this  point.     Pop.  600, 

Bartlett's  Island,  Lake  Superior.  See  Outer  Island. 

Bartlett  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Lake  co.,  Cal.,  on 
Bartlett  Creek,  25  miles  by  stage  N.E.  of  Lakeport. 

Bart'ley,  a  post-villago  of  Red  Willow  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
Republican  River,  5  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Indianola.  It  ha* 
a  church,  a  bank,  a  flouring-mill,  a  cheese-factory,  and  ^ 
newspaper  offices.     Pop.  300. 

Bartley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  15  milef 
by  rail  N.N.E.  of  High  Bridge. 


BAR 


59a 


BAS 


Bart'loAV,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  0.     Pep.  126, 

Bart'mer,  a  station  in  St,  Louis  co,,  Mo.,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Kansas  City  &,  Northern  Eailroad,  6  miles  N.  of  St. 
Louis. 

Bar'to,  a  village  in  Berks  co,,  Pa.,  is  the  present  N, 
terminus  of  the  Colebrookdale  Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of 
Pottstown.    Here  are  mines  of  excellent  iron  ore. 

Bar'told,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Louis  co,,  Mo.,  about 
10  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Bartoloin^us,  an  island  of  the  West  Indies.  See 
Saint  Bartholomew, 

Bar'ton,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Kansas, 
has  an  area  of  900  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Arkansas  lliver.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level  ; 
the  soil  is  productive.  Magnesian  limestone,  sandstone,  and 
fire-clay  are  found  in  the  county.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Atchison,  Topeka  <fc  Santa  F6  Railroad.  About  'J9  per  cent. 
ig  prairie,  but  timber  is  cultivated  in  all  parts.  Capital, 
Great  Bend.     Pop.  in  1880,  10,HI8;  in  1890,  13,172. 

Barton,  a  county  in  the  W.S.W.  part  of  Missouri,  bor- 
dering on  Kansas,  has  an  area  of  about  600  square  miles. 
It  is  partly  drained  by  the  North  Fork  of  Spring  River 
»nd  several  affluents  of  the  Osage  River.  The  surface  is 
undulating  or  nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  This  county 
contains  extensive  prairies,  among  which  groves  of  timber 
are  distributed.  Maize,  wheat,  and  live-stock  are  the  staple 
products.  Coal  and  limestone  are  found  here.  Capital,  La- 
mar,    Pop.  in  1870.6087;  in  1880,  10,332;  in  1890,18,504, 

Barton,  a  post-village  of  Colbert  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Mem- 
phis k  Charleston  Railroad,  134  miles  E,  by  S,  from  Mem- 
phis, 11  miles  W.  of  Tuscumbia,  and  2  miles  S.  of  the 
Tennessee  River.     It  has  a  church  and  a  cotton-factory. 

Barton,  a  post-village  of  Phillips  co..  Ark.,  on  the 
Arkansas  Central  Railroad,  13  miles  W,  of  Helena.  It  has 
an  academy  and  several  churches. 

Barton,  a  station  of  Burke  co.,  Ga,,  on  the  Central 
Railroad  of  Georgia,  94  miles  N,W,  of  Savannah. 

Barton,  a  township  of  Gibson  co,,  Ind.     Pop,  1626, 

Barton,  a  post-hamlct  of  Labette  co,,  Kansas,  in  Canada 
township,  11  miles  E.  of  Liberty  Railroad  Station. 

Barton,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Cumberland  &  Piedmont  Railroad,  is  in  the  celebrated 
Cumberland  coal-field,  28  miles  S.W.  of  Cumberland.  Coal 
is  mined  here  by  four  companies.  It  has  5  churches,  a 
tannery,  and  a  furniture-factory.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Barton,  a  township  of  Newaygo  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  404. 

Barton,  a  post-office  of  Barton  co..  Mo. 

ISarton,  a  station  of  Cheyenne  co..  Neb,,  near  the  Col- 
orado line,  369  miles  W.  of  Omaha. 

Barton,  a  post-township  of  Tioga  co.,  N.Y,,  is  on  the 
Susquehanna  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Cayuta  Creek, 
It  contains  the  large  village  of  Waverly  and  the  post- 
Tillage  of  Barton,  which  is  on  the  Erie  and  Southern  Cen- 
tral Railroads,  23  miles  E.S,E,  of  Elmira,  Barton  village 
has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  <tc.     Total  pop.  5944. 

Barton,  a  post-office  of  Anderson  co.,  Tex. 

Barton,  a  post-village  of  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  is  on  Barton 
River,  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the  Pas- 
sumpsic  Railroad,  15  miles  S,  of  Newport,  and  about  42 
miles  N,N.E.  of  Montpelier,  It  contains  the  Barton  Acad- 
emy, a  national  bank,  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a 
machine-shop.  The  township  has  manufactures  of  carriages, 
lumber,  furniture,  sash,  <fec.,  and  contains  a  village  named 
Barton  Landing.     Pop.  of  township,  1911. 

Barton,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co,.  Wis.,  on  Mil- 
waukee River,  in  a  deep  valley  in  Barton  township,  and  on 
the  Milwaukee  <fc  Fond  du  Lac  Air-Line  Railroad,  35  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Milwaukee.  It  has  2  churches,  3  hotels,  a  con- 
vent, an  ficadetny,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop,  of  township,  1350. 

Barton  City,  a  township  of  Barton  co.,  Mo,    Pop.  270. 

Barto'nia,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind,,  about  20 
miles  N.  of  Richmond, 

Bar'ton  Land'ing,  a  post-village  of  Orleans  co,,  Vt., 
in  Barton  township,  on  Barton  River,  and  on  the  Passumpsic 
Railroad,  4  or  5  miles  E.  of  Irasburg,  and  9  miles  S,  of 
Newport.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  manu- 
factures of  lumber,  caskets,  carriages,  etc.     Pop,  about  500. 

Bar'ton's  Creek,  a  township.  Wake  co.,N,C.   P.  1585. 

Bar'tonsvillc,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co..  Pa.,  in 
Pocono  township,  6  miles  W.  by  N,  of  Stroudsburg.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  saw-mills, 

Bartonsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windham  co.,  Vt,,  on 
Williams  River,  and  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  43 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Rutland,     It  has  a  church, 

Bar'ton-upon-Hum'ber,  a  town  of  England,  co,  of 
Lincoln,  on  a  railway,  and  on  the  Humber,  6  miles  S.W.  of 
Hull.    The  river  is  here  6  miles  across.     It  has  a  trade  in 


corn  and  flour,  and  manufactures  of  ropes,  sacking,  bricks, 
and  tiles.     Pop,  4332, 
Bar'tonville,  a  mining  post-village  of  Peoria  co..  Ill,, 

2  miles  from  Peoria.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  600. 
Bartonville,  a  village  of  Warren  co,,  N,Y.,  in  Horicon 

township,  10  miles  E.  of  Riverside  Station.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  lumber  and  cabinet-wares. 

Bartonville,  a  post- village  in  Wentworth  co.,  Ontario, 

3  miles  S.  of  Hamilton.     Pop,  100. 
Bartossovvice,  Austria,     See  PAnTscHENDOup. 
Bar'tow,  formerly  called  Cass,  a  county  in  the  N.W. 

part  of  Georgia,  has  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Etowah  River,  which  flows  through  its 
S.  portion,  from  E,  to  W,,  in  an  irregular  course.  The  sur- 
face is  diversified  by  hills  and  valleys,  and  is  mostly  covered 
with  forests;  the  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian 
corn,  and  wheat  are  the  staple  products.  Iron,  limes-tone, 
and  marble  are  abundant  in  this  county,  which  is  traversed 
by  the  Western  A  Atlantic  Railroad  and  the  Rome  Rail- 
road, Capital,  Cartersville,  Pop,  in  1870,  16,566;  in  ISSO, 
18,690  ;  in  1890,  20,616, 

Bartow,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Polk  co,,  Fla.,  on  the 
South  Florida  and  the  Florida  Southern  Railroads,  68  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Sanford,  and  74  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Punta  Gorda. 
It  contains  5  churches,  an  academy,  2  banks,  2  newspaper 
offices,  extensive  phosphate  mining  plants,  as  well  as  large 
orange  groves.     Pop,  in  1880,  77;  in  1890,  1386, 

Bartow,  a  post-town  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ga,,  on  the  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  81  miles  E.  of  Macon,  and  15  miles  by  rail 
S.  by  W.  of  Louisville.  It  has  5  churches  (2  white,  3  col- 
ored) and  an  academy.     Pop.  in  1890  437. 

BartOAV-on-the-Sound,  a  post-office  of  Westchester 
CO.,  N,Y.,  in  Pelham  township,  on  Long  Island  Sound.  Bar- 
tow Station  is  on  the  Harlem  River  Branch  of  the  New  York 
&  New  Haven  Railroad,  9  miles  from  New  York. 

Bar'tramville,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co.,  0. 

Bartsch,  bantch,  a  river  of  Prussia,  rises  in  the  prov- 
ince of  Posen,  and  enters  the  Oder  above  Glogau. 

Bart'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co,.  Pa,,  in  Bart 
township,  7  miles  from  Christiana. 

Barn,  bi-roo',  an  island  off  the  coast  of  the  United  States 
of  Colombia,  near  the  port  of  Cartagena.  It  is  fertile  and 
populous,  and  has  a  good  port, 

Bar^uipoor',  a  town  or  collection  of  villages  in  India, 
Bengal,  16  miles  S.  of  Calcutta,  It  has  a  Protestant  mission 
church  and  an  orphanage.     Pop,  3231. 

Baruth,  bi'root,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg,  31 
miles  S.E,  of  Potsdam.     Pop.  1897. 

Barvas,  bau'vis,  a  village  of  Scotland,  Isle  of  Lewis, 
Hebrides,  co,  of  Ross.     Pop.  501. 

Bcirwaldc,  biR'wird^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Bran- 
denburg. 31  miles  N.N.E,  of  Frankfort-on-Oder.    Pop.  3765. 

B^rwalde,  or  Beerwaldc,  bin'MlM^h,  a  town  of 
Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  near  Stettin.     Pop.  2212, 

Barwallah,  or  Barwala,  bar-w6ria,  a  town  of  India, 
78  miles  S.W.  of  Ahmedabad,     Pop.  5813. 

Barysz,  or  Barycz,  bi'rish,  a  town  of  Austrian  Ga- 
licia,  19  miles  E.N.E,  of  Stanislawow,     Poj).  2765. 

Bas,  bS,s,  or  Batz,  bits,  a  small  island  of  France,  in 
the  English  Channel,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Morlaix,  It  is  3 
miles  in  length,  by  2  miles  in  breadth,  and  has  on  it  two 
forts  and  a  revolving  light.     Pop.  1167, 

Bas,  a  town  of  France,    See  Bas-en-B asset. 

Basahid,  boh'soh^heed',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Torontal,     Pop.  3727. 

Basalt  (ba-sawlf)  Peak,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  is  in  lat.  40°  21'  11"  N.,  Ion.  106°  15' 
12"  W.     It  has  an  altitude  of  11,906  feet  above  the  sea. 

Ba^santpoor',  a  village  of  India,  Muzufferpoor  dis- 
trict, Bengal,  20  miles  S,W.  of  Muzufferpoor,     Pop.  5130. 

Basardschik,  or  Basaijeek.  See  Hajee-Ogloo- 
Bazarjeek. 

Basberg,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Sebastiansberg. 

Baschi  Islands.    See  Bashee  Islands. 

Bas'co,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co,.  111.,  on  the  Chi- 
cago, Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  33  miles  N.N.E,  of 
Quincy,     It  has  a  church,  a  steam-mill,  and  several  stores. 

Bascom,  bas'kom,  a  post-office  of  Scriven  co.,  Ga, 

Bascom,  a  post-village  of  Seneca  co,,  0.,  on  the  Chi- 
cago division  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  6  miles  W. 
by  N,  from  Tiffin,     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  107. 

Bas^deopoor',  a  town  of  India,  Boglipoor  district. 
Pop,  3508. 

Baseelan,  or  Basilan,  bi-see'llln\  one  of  the  largest 
islands  of  the  Sooloo  Archipelago,  off  the  S.W.  extremity  of 
Mindanao,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  Strait  of  Ba- 
seelan.  It  is  about  42  miles  in  length,  by  6  average  breadth. 


BAS 


591 


BAS 


Bnsel,  M'nl  (Oer.  Batel,  b4'i?l;  Fr.  na$U  or  lidle, 
bftl;  L.  Haiiti'a  or  liimiWa),  a  oity  of  Switterland,  oiipital 
of  the  dirtrict  of  Basel  Town.     It  Is  43  milw  N.  of  Born, 

fdeasjintly  situatoti  on  the  Rhine,  whiuh  divides  the  town 
nto  two  jmrta, — (liioss  Basel,  or  Qrent  Bnsel,  on  the  left 
bank,  nnd  Ki.Kix  BA8Ki„or  Little  Basel,  on  the  right  bank, 
Lat.  47°  34'  N. ;  Ion.  7°  36'  E.  Each  of  these  parts  ia  at  the 
junction  of  several  railways.  Basel  is  surrounded  by  walls, 
and  is  tolerably  well  built;  streets  irregular,  but  clean,  and 
plentifully  supplied  with  fountains,  'rhe  cathedral,  built 
ty  Henry  II.  in  1019,  has  a  tower  250  feet  high,  and  i.s 
one  of  the  finest  churches  in  Switzerland.  The  public 
libniry  contains  100,000  volumes,  with  many  manuscripts, 
and  an  interesting  collection  of  paintings  and  drawings  by 
llulbcin.  The  university,  founaed  in  1459,  by  Pope  Pius 
II.,  and  reorganized  in  1S17,  with  24  professors,  was  the 
first  great  seminary  of  learning  established  in  Switzerland. 
The  town  has  also  a  normal  school,  a  gymnasium,  an  ele- 
mentary polytechnic  school,  a  theological  institution,  a 
school  of  practical  agriculture,  the  Erasmus  college,  orphan- 
ages, a  deaf-mute  school,  a  school  for  Protestant  mission- 
aries, a  fine  museum,  and  picture-galleries.  As  a  commer- 
cial and  manufacturing  town,  Basel  is  the  most  important  in 
Switzerland.  Its  ribbon-manufactories  are  extensive;  and 
it  also  produces  linen,  paper,  silks,  gloves,  leather,  jewelry, 
printed  cottons,  and  turnery  ware.     Pop.  (1888)  69,809. 

Uasel)  or  Uftle,  a  canton  of  Switzerland,  situated  in 
the  N.W.,  on  the  frontiers  of  Alsace  and  the  grand  duchy 
of  Biulen.  Area,  185  square  milee.  Surface  undulating. 
Principal  rivers,  the  Rhino  and  its  tributaries,  the  Birz  and 
Ergolz.  Corn  enough  is  raised  for  home  consumption,  and 
some  wine  is  produced.  Chief  manufactures,  ribbons,  wool- 
lens, linens,  leather,  iron  and  steel  wares.  In  1832  it  was 
divided  into  two  portions  entirely  independent  of  each  other, 
viz.,  Basel  Town  (Billo  Ville),  which  comprises  the  city  and 
several  surrounding  communes  (pop.  73,739),  and  Basel 
Land  (B&lo  Campagne),  the  capital  of  which  is  Liesthal, 
cmbracinj' ihe  remaining  communes  (pop.  61,941). 

Base  Lake^  a  post-ofiSce  of  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.,  at 
Dover,  a  hamlet,  5  miles  from  Dexter. 

Basele,  bi-s^'l^h  or  b&^zail',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  on  the  Scheldt,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Dcndermonde. 
In  the  commune  many  bricks  are  made.     Pop.  5000, 

Baselice,  bi-sfil'c-chi,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  a  mountain, 
21  miles  S.E.  of  Campobasso.     Pop.  3868. 

Bas>en-Basset,  biz-dNo-bis^sA',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Ilaute-Loire,  11  miles  N.  of  Yssingeaux.     Pop.  3022. 

Basento,  a  river  of  Italy.     See  Basiento. 

Bas'fordf  a  town  of  England,  li  miles  N.  of  Notting- 
ham.    It  manufactures  hosiery  and  lace.     Pop.  13,038. 

Ba'sham's  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  Ala., 
13  miles  from  Ilartsell's  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Ba'shan,  a  hamlet  in  East  Iladdam  township,  Middle- 
sex CO.,  Conn.,  5  miles  from  Goodspeed's  Landing.  It  has 
manufactures  of  cotton  goods.  Bashan  Falls,  at  this  place, 
are  regarded  as  the  highest  in  the  state. 

Bashan,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  201. 

Bashan,  a  post-office  of  Meigs  co.,  0. 

Bash^aw',  a  post-township  of  Burnett  co..  Wis.     P.  65. 

Bashec  or  Bashi  (b&'shce')  Islands,  or  Batanes, 
bi-t4'n4s,  a  group  of  islands  in  the  archipelago  of  the 
Philippines,  between  Luzon  and  Formosa. 

Bashi,  bash'i,  a  post-office  of  Clark  co.,  Ala. 

Bashka,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Vashka. 

Bashkccrs,  or  Bashkirs,  bish'keerz\  a  people  in- 
habiting the  plains  adjoining  the  South  Uralian  Mountains, 
on  the  confines  of  Europe  and  Asia,  between  the  parallels 
of  52°  and  55°  30'  N.  lat.  and  the  meridians  of  58°  and  63° 
E.  Ion.  The  origin  of  this  people  is  obscure ;  their  language 
differs  but  little  from  that  of  the  Tartars  of  Kazan  ;  but  they 
are  regarded  as  an  offshoot  of  the  Finnish  stock.  The  Bash- 
keers  are  partly  settled  as  cultivators  of  the  soil ;  many  are 
nomads.     They  are  Mohammedans,  very  poor  and  ignorant. 

Basht,  b4sht,  a  citadel  and  village  of  Persia,  province 
of  Fars,  SO  miles  W.N.W.  of  Sheeraz. 

Ba'sic  City,  a  post-village  of  Augusta  co.,Va.,  26  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Charlottesville.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks, 
a  normal  college  and  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office, 
numerous  mineral-water  springs,  <fec. 

Basidoh,  b&-se-d5',  or  Bas^sadore',  a  village  at  the 
west  end  of  the  island  of  Kishm,  in  the  Persian  Gulf.  Lat. 
26°  39'  N. ;  Ion.  55°  22'  E.  It  is  a  station  for  British  ships, 
and  has  a  small  bazaar  and  a  hospital. 

Basiento,  bi-se-5n'to,  or  Basento,  b&-s8n'to  (anc. 
Catuen'lus),  a  river  of  Italy,  in  Basilicata,  rises  in  the  Apen- 
nines, W.  of  Potenza,  flows  E.S.E.,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of 
Taranto,  25  miles  W.S.W.  of  Taranto.     Length,  50  miles. 


Ba'sil,  a  post-village  of  FairOeld  co.,  0.,  ?5  miles  by 
rail  E.S.E.  of  Columbus,  on  the  Toledo  <t  Ohio  Central 
Railroad.  It  has  a  church,  a  public  school,  and  an  iroa- 
foundry.     Pop.  406. 

Basilnn,  island,  Sooloo  Archipelago.    See  Basrelan. 

Basilia  and  Basiica,  Latin  names  of  Basf.l. 

Basilicata,  b&-se-le-k&'t&  (anc.  Lhcu'hui),  a  com. 
jmrthufnto  of  the  kingdom  of  Italy,  embracing  the  single 
jtrovinco  of  Potenza,  having  on  the  S.E.  the  Gulf  of  Ta- 
ranto. Capital,  Potenza.  Area,  4122  square  miles.  It  ii 
mostly  mountainous,  being  traversed  by  the  Apennines, 
but  has  a  fine  plain  on  the  shores  of  the  gulf,  walercil  by 
several  small  streams.  Chief  products,  wine,  cotton,  (til,  to- 
bacco, and  saffron.  Principal  towns,  Potenza,  Francavilla, 
and  Tursi.     Pop.  in  1875,  517,069;  in  1890,  638,707. 

Basiluzzo,oneof  thcLipari  Islands.  See  Vacchelucb. 

Ba'singstoke,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Hunts, 
45  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  London.  It  has  a  church  built 
in  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.,  an  ancient  free  school,  a  blue- 
coat  school,  founded  in  1646,  a  market-house,  town  hall,  and 
jail,  and  a  large  trade  in  corn  and  malt.  By  a  canal  it 
communicates  with  the  Wey  and  the  Thames.     Pop.  5574. 

Ba'sin  Ilar'bor,  a  village  of  Addison  co.,  Yt.,  on 
Lake  Champlain,  20  miles  S.  from  Burlington. 

Ba'sin  ittills,  a  station  in  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  on  the 
European  <t  North  American  Railroad,  7i  miles  N.  of 
Bangor. 

Basin  Mountain,  apeak  of  the  Adirondacks,  in  Essex 
CO.,  N.Y.,  has  an  altitude  of  4905  feet. 

Basin  Spring,  a  post-office  of  AVilliamson  co.,  Tcnn., 
12  miles  from  Franklin. 

Basin  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Grayson  co.,  Tex.,  U 
miles  from  Sherman. 

Baskahe'gan  River,  in  Maine,  rises  in  a  lake  of  iti 
own  name,  and  empties  into  the  Mattawamkeag. 

Basket  Station,  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.  See  Douglas 
City. 

Bask'ing  Ridge,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J., 
in  Bernards  township,  on  the  New  Jersey  West  Line  Kail- 
road,  26  miles  W.  of  Newark.  It  has  4  churches,  and  a 
manufactory  of  condensed  milk. 

Bask'inton,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  parish,  La.,  15 
miles  from  Delhi. 

Basle,  a  city  of  Switzerland.     See  Basel. 

Bas'netsviile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  W.  Va., 
about  10  miles  from  Fairmont.     It  has  a  church. 

Basouda,  bi-s5w'da,  a  town  of  Central  India,  150 
miles  SAY.  of  Gwalior,  said  to  comprise  2000  houses. 

Basque  (bask)  Provinces  (Span.  Vrtsco»(jml»»,  vis- 
kon-gi'i)8.s),  a  country  of  Spain,  bounded  N.  by  the  Bay  of 
Biscay,  E.  by  Navarre,  S.  by  the  province  of  Logrofio,  nnd 
W.  by  Burgos  and  Santandcr.  The  three  Basque  provinces 
are  Biscay,  capital  Bilbao;  Guipuzco.a,  capital  Tolosa;  and 
Alava,  capital  Vitoria.  The  Basques  are  nearly  all  shcp- 
herds.  They  speak  a  language  called  Basque,  Euscara,  or 
Escuara,  which  has  little  analogy  with  any  other  known 
tongue.     The  French  part  of  the  Basque  country  is  now 

comprised  in  the  department  of  Basses-Pyr6nces. Adj 

and  inhab.  Basque,  o.ask. 

Basqueville,  a  town  of  France.     See  Bacqueville. 

Basra,  a  town  of  Asia.    Sec  Bassorah. 

BaS'Rhin,  bi^n&No'  ("Lower  Rhine"),  a  former 
French  department,  now  the  district  of  Lower  Alsace,  in 
Germany.     See  Alsace. 

Bass,  a  large,  insulated,  greenstone  rock  of  Scotland,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Firth  of  Forth,  3  miles  N.E.  of  North 
Berwick,  is  a  mile  in  circumference,  and  420  feet  high. 

Bassa,  bis'si,  Baf'fa,  or  Buf'fa,  a  harbor  of  Liberia, 
between  Capes  Mcsurado  and  Palinas. 

Bassadore,  a  village  of  Kishm.     See  Basidou. 

Bassahir,  a  state  of  India.     See  Bussahkr. 

Bassain,  district  and  towns  of  Burmah.    See  Bassei.**. 

Bassam,  or  Grand  Bassam,  grand  b!l.sV°&in'  or 
gr6K"  bis*s6N''',  a  French  town  of  Africa,  Upper  Guinea,  on 
the  Gold  Coast,  near  the  mouth  of  the  river  of  its  own  name. 
It  exports  palm-oil,  peanuts,  Ac. 

Bassam,  or  Grand  Bassam,  called  also  Rio  de 
Sueiro  da  Costa,  rec'o  di  swi'e-ro  di  kos'ti,  a  river 
of  Western  Africa,  the  mouth  of  which  is  on  the  southern 
part  of  the  Ivory  Coast,  in  lat.  5°  10'  N.,  Ion.  3°  45'  AV. 

Bassano,  bis-sl'no,  an  episcopal  city  of  Northern  Italy, 
province  and  19  miles  N.E.  of  Yicenza,  at  the  foot  of  the 
Alps,  near  the  Brenta.  It  is  surrounded  by  walls,  is  well 
built,  and  well  paved.  The  inhabitants  are  noted  for  their 
industry,  their  manufactures  and  trade  in  silk  fabrics,  paper, 
hats,  woollens,  and  copper-ware.  In  the  private  houses,  the 
communal  palace,  and  the  churches,  are  celebrated  paint- 


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ings,  especially  those  of  Giacomo  da  Ponte,  aurnatned  Bas- 
sano.  It  has  a  picture-gallery,  a  handsome  theatre,  and  a 
Dotanic  garden.  The  printing  establishment  of  Remondini 
is  ancient  and  celebrated.  On  September  !),  1796,  the  Aus- 
trians  were  here  defeated  by  the  French.     Pop.  13,254. 

Bas^sar',  or  Poo'lo  llas^sar',  a  small  island  in  the 
Malay  Archipelago,  off  the  N.  coast  of  Ceram.  Lat.  2° 
4u'  S. ;  Ion.  129°  10'  B. 
Bassas  da  India.  See  Eueopa. 
Bassein,  or  Bassaiu,  bis'^sine'  or  bJs'sIne',  a  district 
of  British  Burmah,  bounded  S.  and  W.  by  the  Bay  of  Bcn- 
cal,  and  E.  by  the  Irrawaddy.  Area,  8954  square  miles. 
The  western  part  is  mountainous,  but  the  Irrawaddy  delta 
is  an  exceedingly  fertile  region,  producing  rice,  oil-seeds, 
cotton,  and  tobacco.     Capital,  Bassein.     Pop.  .316,883. 

Bassein,  or  Bassain,  a  town  of  Burmah,  capital  of 
tlie  above,  on  the  Bassein  lliver,  a  navigable  delta-branch  of 
the  Irrawaddy.     It  has  a  great  trade  in  rice.     Pop.  19,577. 

Bassein,  bls-sinc',  a  seaport  town  of   India,   presi- 
t  dency  and  30  miles  N.  of  Bombay,  on  an  island  of  the  same 
j   name.    It  was  taken  by  the  Portuguese  in  1531,  captured  by 
the  Mahrattas  in  1750,  and  ceded  to  the  British  in  1802. 

Bas'sentliwaite,  a  lake  of  England,  in  Cumberland, 
between  Skiddaw  and  Winthorp  Brows  mountains. 

Bas'ses,  or  Great  Bas'ses,  a  ledge  of  rocks,  off  the 
S.E.  coast  of  Ceylon.  Lat.  6°  11'  N. ;  Ion.  81°  39'  E.  Here 
is  a  light-house  with  a  red  flashing  light. 

Little  Basses,  20  miles  from  the  above,  is  in  lat.  6°  52' 
N,,  Ion.  81°  58'  E.  It  has  a  light-house  with  a  beautiful 
group  of  flashing  lights. 

Basses-Alpes,  biss'llp'  (i.e.,  "Lower  Alps"),  a  fron- 
tier department  of  the  S.E.  of  France,  bordering  on  Italy. 
Area,  2GS0  square  miles.  It  is  chiefly  mountainous.  The 
level  portion  is  in  the  S.,  but  only  one-fourth  of  the  land  is 
cultivated.  Principal  rivers,  the  Durance  and  Var.  The  soil 
is  generally  sterile,  but  between  the  mountains  are  valleys 
which  are  very  fertile.  Numerous  sheep  from  neighboring 
dej)artuionts  are  fed  on  the  mountains.  Fruit,  wine,  wool, 
and  grain  are  staple  products.     Pop.  136,166. 

Basses-Pyrenees, b3,ss-pee*r4'ni'  {i.e.,  "Lower  Pyr- 
enees"), a  frontier  department  of  France,  formed  of  part  of 
the  old  province  of  Beam,  bounded  E.  by  the  department 
of  Ilautes-Pyrences,  S.  by  the  Pyrenees,  W.  by  the  Bay  of 
Biscay,  and  N.  by  the  departments  of  Landes  and  Gers. 
Area,  2862  square  miles.  Capital,  Pau.  Nearly  half  the 
surface  is  covered  with  pastures  and  marshes,  one-sixth  part 
is  occupied  by  forests,  and  the  rest  is  fertile.  Numerous 
torrents  descend  from  the  mountains.  The  minerals  com- 
prise iron,  copper,  and  marble.  The  mineral  springs  of 
Eaux-Bonnes  and  Eaux-Chaudes  are  much  frequented,  and 
the  salt  from  the  springs  of  Salies  is  in  repute.  Among  the 
products  are  the  oak,  gall-nut,  and  wine;  and  among  ani- 
mals, the  bear,  the  wolf,  and  the  isard,  a  species  of  chamois. 
Manufactures  unimportant ;  the  chief  are  iron-forging,  and 
the  production  of  linen  and  paper.     Pop.  431,525. 

Basse-Terrc,  biss'tain',  a  seaport  town  of  the  TVcst 
Indies,  capital  of  the  French  island  of  Guadeloupe,  on  its 
S.W.  coast,  in  lat.  15°  59'  30"  N.,  Ion.  61°  44'  W.  It  is  the 
residence  of  the  governor  and  the  bishop,  the  seat  of  courts, 
of  a  college  and  seminary,  and  has  several  schools  and  a 
botanic  garden.     It  has  no  harbor.     Pop.  9480. 

Basse-Terre,  bass'tair',  a  town  of  the  British  West 
Indies,  capital  of  St.  Christopher,  one  of  the  Leeward  Islands, 
on  its  W.  coast,  in  lat.  17°  17'  N.,  Ion.  62°  42'  W.  Pop.  8500. 
Its  harbor  is  defended  by  several  batteries,  and  it  has  an 
active  trade  in  salt  and  sugar. 

Bas'sett,  a  post-village  of  Chickasaw  co.,  Iowa,  9  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Charles  City.     It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  359. 

Bassett,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Rock  co.,  Neb.,  in  a 
fine  stock-raising  country,  89  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Neligh. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  and  2  newspaper 
offices.     Pop.  600. 

Bassett,  a  post-hamlet  of  Krnosha  co.,  Wis.,  on  the 
Kenosha  &  Rockford  Railroad,  in  a  stock-  and  grain-grow- 
ing region,  22  miles  W.  of  Kenosha. 

Bassiguana,  bisV<cen-yi'nd,  a  town  of  Italy,  8  miles 
N.E.  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  3485. 

Bass'im,  or  Bas'ini,  a  district  of  India,  in  Berar. 
Area,  1828  square  miles.     Capital,  Bassim. 

Bassini,  or  Basim,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the 
above  district,  50  miles  S.  of  Akola.     Pop.  8531. 

Bassin,  a  town  of  the  West  Indies.     See  Chuistiansted. 

Bassin  d'Arcachon,  bis'siNo'  daR'kd*sh6No',  a  bay 
on  the  W.  coast  of  France,  department  of  Gironde.  It  is 
Burrounded  by  a  region  of  pines,  sand-dunes,  and  marshes, 
and  has  never  attained  gieat  commercial  importance,  but 
of  late  its  oyster-plantations  have  attracted  much  attention. 


Bass  Lake,  a  hamlet  of  Faribault  co.,  Minn.,  about  23 
miles  S.  of  Mankato. 

Bass  Lake,  a  station  in  Washington  eo.,  Minn.,  on  the 
St.  Paul,  Stillwater  &  Taylor's  Falls  Railroad,  12  miles 
E.N.E.  of  St.  Paul. 

Bass  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co.,  Tenn. 

Bassorah,  b4s'so-ra,  Basra,  bis'ri,  Balsora,  bll'- 
so-r&,  or  Bus'sorah  (Arab,  a  "margin"),  a  frontier  city 
and  river-port  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  pashalic  of  Bagdad,  on 
the  Shat-el-Arab,  70  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Persian 
Gulf,  and  270  miles  S.E.  of  Bagdad.  Lat.  30°  30'  N. ;  Ion. 
47°  34'  15"  E.  It  is  enclosed  by  a  wall  of  sun-dried  brick 
from  7  to  9  miles  in  circumference,  the  space  including  rice- 
fields,  date-groves,  and  gardens,  and  intersected  by  canals. 
AVith  the  exception  of  the  English  factory,  the  governor's 
residence,  and  a  few  of  the  mosques,  there  are  no  good  edi- 
fices. The  bazaars  are  mean,  but  are  stocked  with  all  kinds 
of  goods,  Bassorah  being  the  great  emporium  of  the  Turkish 
Empire  for  Eastern  produce ;  though  the  neighboring  town 
of  Maghil  is  taking  away  its  trade  and  population.  Ships 
of  500  tons  burden  can  come  up  to  the  city,  the  trade  of 
which  is  mostly  carried  on  in  Arabian  bottoms.  Bassorah 
is  a  sickly  place,  and  has  of  late  greatly  declined  in  impor- 
tance.    Pop.  about  10,000. 

Bass  River,  a  township  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.  Pop. 
807.     It  contains  the  village  of  New  Gretna. 

Bass  River,  a  post-village  in  Colchester  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  14  miles  from  Londonderry.     Pop.  300. 

Bass's  Strait,  separating  Australia  from  Tasmania, 
has  an  average  breadth  of  160  miles.  It  is  much  encum- 
bered with  islands  and  coral  reefs. 

Bass  Station,  a  post-ofiice  of  Jackson  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Nashville  <t  Chattanooga  Railroad,  6  miles  N.W.  of 
Stevenson. 

Bass  Station,  on  the  Rome  Railroad,  is  9  miles  E.  of 
Rome,  Ga.,  and  14  miles  W.  of  Kingston. 

Bass'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Brevard  co.,  Fla.  It  has  a 
church. 

Bass  Wood,  a  post-office  of  Richland  co..  Wis. 

B&stad,  bos'tid,  a  town  of  Sweden,  on  the  Cattegat,  61 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Christianstad.     Pop.  660. 

Bastar,  a  state  of  India.     See  Bustau. 

Bastelica,  bis-tfil'e-ki,  a  village  of  Corsica,  18  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Ajaccio.     Pop.  2844. 

Basti,  the  ancient  name  of  Baza. 

Basti,  a  town  of  India.     See  Bustee. 

Bastia,  bis-tee'i,  a  fortified  seaport  town  of  Corsica,  on 
its  N.E.  coast,  95  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ajaccio.  This  town,  the 
wealthiest  and  most  populous  in  the  island,  is  built  amid 
olive-,  orange-,  and  citron-gardens,  and  has  a  fine  appear- 
ance from  the  sea.  Bastia  is  the  seat  of  a  school  of  hydrog- 
raphy, and  has  a  public  library  with  30,000  volumes,  and 
manufactures  of  leather,  oil,  iron,  soap,  pates,  and  liqueurs. 
Its  trade  is  chiefly  in  wine,  oil,  leather,  goats'  hair,  wax, 
and  coral.  Coral-fishing  is  also  carried  on  to  some  extent. 
Of  late  years  Bastia  has  greatly  increased  in  importance, 
and  has  become  a  centre  of  an  extensive  traffic  between 
France,  Sicily,  Italy,  and  the  Levant.     Pop.  21,535. 

Bastia,  a  town  of  Italy,  14  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of 
Perugia.     Pop.  3489. 

Bastide-d'Armagnac,  bisHeed'  dan'mln'yik',  a 
town  of  France,  in  Gers,  27  miles  W.  of  Condom.     Pop.  1709. 

Bastide-de-Serou,  blsHeed'  deh  s§h-roo',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Ariege,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Foix.     Pop.  2S89. 

Bastide-Rouairoux,  bis'teed'  roo'AVoo',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Tarn,  21  miles  S.E.  of  Castres.     Pop.  2871. 

Bastita,  the  Latin  name  of  La-Bathib, 

Bastognc,  bisHofi',  a  town  of  Belgium,  province  of 
Luxembourg,  25  miles  N.  of  Arlon.     Pop.  2750. 

Bas'trop,  a  county  of  Texas,  near  tne  central  part  of 
the  state,  has  an  area  of  about  880  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersiected  by  the  Colorado  River,  which  is  navigable,  and 
enters  it  in  the  W.,  flows  through  the  county  in  a  S.E. 
direction.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  horses  are  tiie 
staple  products.  The  county  is  traversed  by  the  Taylor, 
Bastrop  &  Houston  branch  of  the  Missouri,  Kansas  <fc  Texas 
Railroad.  Capital,  Bastrop.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,290 ;  in  1S80, 
17,215;  in  1890,  20,736. 

Bastrop,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Morehouse  parish, 
La.,  about  124  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Shreveport,  and  28  miles 
N.E.  of  iMonroe.  It  has  4  churches,  the  Morehouse  College, 
a  female  academy,  and  2  weekly  newsjiapers.     Pop.  521. 

Bastrop,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Bastrop  co.,  Tex,, 
on  the  left  bank  of  the  Colorado  River,  36  miles  below  Austin. 
Cotton  is  shipped  here  in  steamboats.  It  has  a  newspaper 
office,  5  churches,  and  a  cotton-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  1643. 

Bas'tross,  or  BasHress,  a  post-office  of  Lycoming 


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CO.,  Pa.,  in  BastroM  township,  about  9  miles  S.W.  of  Wil- 
litUiiHpurt.     It  haa  a  cliuruh.     I'up.  uf  township,  261. 

Ila8^urhat%  or  llu8^8cerhat%  a  town  of  India,  in 
Buni^iil,  .SO  uiilos  E.N.E.  of  Culoutta.     Pop.  12,105. 

Ilusii'to  Lniid,  a  division  of  Cape  Colony,  South 
Africii,  at  the  huitd  ot  the  Orange  River  baein.  Area,  1U,2UU 
■quiiru  miles.     Pop.  128,176. 

Uas\vurugc,aii  i:iland  of  India.  Sec  Fortifibd  Island. 

llutaaiit  b&'t&-&n'  or  bil't^n',  a  province  of  Luzon, 
Philippine  Islands,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Bay  of  Manila. 
Pop.  about  :i5,00ll. 

Ilatabaiiu,  b&-til-B&-no',  or  Batavano,  b&-t&-v&-no', 
a  suaport  of  Cuba,  on  its  S.  coast,  35  miles  S.S.W.  of  Havana, 
with  which  it  cominunicate.s  by  a  railroad.     Pop.  2000. 

llatac,  b&H&k',  or  BaHag',  an  island  off  tho  N.E. 
const  of  Sauiar,  one  of  tho  Philippines.  Lat.  (N.  point) 
12°  4:t'  N. ;  Ion.  125°  5'  E. 

Bataillons  District^  of  Hungary.    See  Csaikisten. 

Batahi,  a  town  of  India.     See  Butala. 

Bataiha,  bil-t&ryil,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Estremadura, 
7  miles  S.S.NV.  of  Leiria.     Pop.  3054. 

Butalin,  b&-t&-lin'  or  bil-t&-lecn',  an  island  of  the  Malay 
Archipelago,  off  the  E.  const  of  Celebes.  Lat.  1°  20'  S.  j 
Ion.  124°  E.     It  is  about  25  miles  in  length. 

Batani  Island,  near  Singapore.     See  Battam. 

Batan,  bi\-t.^n',  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
the  prinL'ipal  of  the  Bashec  (Batanes)  group,  belonging  to 
the  Philippines.     Lat.  20°  30'  N.;  Ion.  130°  E. 

Batan,  a  town  of  China.     See  Pa. 

Batanes,  a  group  of  the  Philippines.    Sec  Bashke. 

Bat^ang',  a  village  and  seaport  on  tho  E.  side  of  the 
inland  of  Gilolo,  Malay  Archipelago. 

Batang,  a  native  name  for  the  island  of  Battam. 

Batangas,  bl-tln'gls,  a  province  of  the  Philippines, 
island  of  Luzon,  S.  of  the  Bay  of  Mnnila,  and  bounded  S. 
by  tho  Mindoro  Strait.  It  is  composed  principally  of  pla- 
teaus and  fertile  meadows,  and  produces  honey,  rice,  maize, 
popper,  coffee,  cotton,  and  cacao.     Pop.  about  225,000. 

Batangas,  a  town,  capital  of  the  above  province,  sit- 
uatod  on  a  bay  of  the  same  name,  5S  miles  S.  of  Manila. 
Lat.  13°  35'  N.;  Ion.  121°  9'  E.  It  is  well  situated  for 
trade,  the  largo  bay  on  which  it  lies  opening  into  the  Strait 
of  Mindoro.     Pop.  of  town  and  district,  17,330. 

Batanta,  bi-t.'Vn'ti,  an  island  off  the  N.W.  end  of 
Papua.     Lat.  (AV.  end)  0°  58'  S. ;  Ion.  130°  30'  E. 

Bataszck,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Battaszek. 

Batava  Castra,  an  ancient  name  of  Passau. 

Batavanan,  bi-ti-vil-niln',  an  island  of  the  Malay 
Archipelago.     Lat.  (N.  point)  14°  11'  N. ;  Ion.  123°  30'  E. 

Batavano,  a  town  of  Cuba.    See  Batabano. 

Bntavia,  the  Latin  n.tme  of  The  Netherlands. 

Batavia,  ba-ti've-a  (Dutch  pron.  bi-ti've-&),  a  city 
and  seaport  of  Java,  capital  of  the  Netherlands  Indies  and 
of  the  residency  of  tho  same  name,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Jakatra  River,  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  island,  with  a  free  port, 
extensive  and  safe.  Lat.  6°  8'  S. ;  Ion.  100°  50'  E.  The  city 
is  connected  by  railway  with  Buitenzorg.  The  older  parts 
of  the  town  are  in  low  ground.  Some  of  the  streets  nave 
horse-railways,  while  others  havecjvnals  in  the  Dutch  style. 
Biitavia  was  long  very  unhealthy,  but  has  been  much  ira- 

1)rovcd  by  draining  and  by  the  erection  of  handsome  suburbs, 
tfean  temperature  of  the  year,  7S°.3 ;  winter,  78°.l ;  sum- 
mer, 78°.6  Fahr.  Temperature  at  midday,  from  80°  to  90°  ; 
at  night,  70°  Fahr.  It  has  a  stadt-house,  exchange,  hos- 
pitjvl,  numerous  churches,  a  mosque,  a  gymnasium,  several 
Chinese  temples,  a  large  club-house  termed  tho  Ilarmonie, 
and  a  botanic  garden.  The  bay  or  harbor  forms  an  open 
but  small  roadstead  of  great  beauty,  and  may  bo  entered  by 
the  largest  vessels.  Batavia  is  the  great  commercial  em- 
porium of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  and  absorbs  by  far  the 
greatest  part  of  the  trade  of  Java  and  Madura.  The  ex- 
ports consist  mostly  of  coffee,  sugar,  pepper,  indigo,  hides, 
cloves,  nutmegs,  mace,  tin,  rice,  rattans,  and  arrack.  Chief 
imports,  linen  and  cotton  goods,  woollen  stuffs,  provisions, 
wines,  metallic  wares,  .and  manufactured  articles  of  all  kinds 
from  Europe  and  America ;  with  the  products  of  the  Arch- 
ipelago, China,  Siam,  Bengal,  Japan,  and  the  West  Indies. 
Pop.  196,989  ;  of  the  residency  of  Batavia,  1S88,  1,032,577. 

Bata'via,  a  post-village  of  Solano  co.,  Cal.,  25  miles 
by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Sacramento.     Pop.  200. 

Batavia,  a  post-village  of  Batavia  township,  Kane  co., 
111.,  on  Fox  River,  7  miles  N.  of  Aurora,  and  36  miles  W. 
of  Chicago,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  branches  of  the 
Chicago.  Burlington  &  Quincy  and  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern 
Railroads.  It  has  12  churches,  2  banks,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  paper-mill,  a  foundry,  and  extensive  manufactories 
of  windmills,  castings,  machinery,  ko.    Pop.  about  3500; 


of  tho  townshii),  3818.  Hero  is  BcUevue  Plivce,  a  private 
asylum  fur  tho  insane. 

Batavia,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  oo.,  Iowa,  in  Locust 
Grove  township^  on  tho  Burlington  <t  Missouri  River  Rail, 
road,  13  miles  h.  of  Ottuinwa.  It  has  3  churches,  a  creum> 
ery,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  307. 

Batavia,  a  poat-hamlet  of  ISrauch  co.,  Mich.,  in  Ba< 
tavia  township,  about  05  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lansing.  It  ii 
on  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan  Southern  Railroad.  It  haa 
2  churches.     Pop.  of  township,  1248. 

Batavia,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Genesee  co.,  N.T.,  on 
Tonawanda  Creek,  32  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Rochester, 
and  3fi  miles  E.  by  N.  from  Buffalo,  on  tho  New  York  Cen- 
tral and  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroads  and  a  branch  of  the 
Erie  Railroad.  A  branch  of  the  former  railroad  exicnds 
from  Batavia  westward  to  Tonawunda  and  eastward  to 
Canandaigua.  It  contains  a  court-houi'e,  a  county  jail,  8 
churches,  a  convent,  a  national  bank,  3  other  banks,  high 
and  other  schools,  an  arsenal,  a  public  library,  a  daily  and 

2  weekly  newspapers,  and  manufactures  of  steam-engines, 
threshing-maohines,  ploughs,  faruiing-im|ileuient8,  and 
sash  and  blinds.  Batavia  is  the  seat  of  the  New  York 
State  Institute  for  the  Blind,     Pop.  in  1890,  7221. 

Batavia,  a  flourishing  post-village,  capital  of  Clermont 
CO.,  0.,  in  Batavia  township,  on  the  East  Fork  of  the  Liitle 
Miami  River,  and  on  the  Cincinnati,  Portsmouth  <t  Vir- 
ginia Railroad,  24  miles  E,  of  Cincinnati,  and  about  100 
miles  S.W.  of  Columbus.    It  has  a  national  bank,  5  churches, 

3  newspaper  offices,  a  public  school-house  which  cost  S40,0(i0, 
and  carriage-  and  pres.sed-brick-factories.  Pop.  in  1890, 
953;  of  the  township,  3502. 

Batavia  Junction,  a  station  in  Columbia  township, 
Hamilton  co.,  0.,  on  the  Little  Miami  Railroad,  9  miles 
from  Cincinnati,  at  the  intersection  of  the  Cincinnati  & 
Eastern  Railroad. 

Batch'ellcrvillc,  a  post-village  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Edinburg  township,  on  the  Sacondaga  River,  about  45 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  church  and  manufac- 
tures of  w^oodcn-ware.     Pop.  210. 

Batch'elor's  Rest,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pendleton  co., 
Ky.,  5i  miles  S.E.  of  Falmouth.     It  has  2  churches. 

Batch^ewa'na,  an  Indian  village  in  Ontario,  45  milei 
from  Sault  Ste.  Marie.     Pop.  145. 

Batcliian  Island,  East  Indies.    Sec  Bachiak. 

Batc'hani,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co.,  Ind. 

Bateham,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Kansas. 

Bate  Island,  an  island  of  Western  llindostan,  in  the 
Gulf  of  Cutch.  Lat.  22°  26'  N.;  Ion.  69°  15'  E,  It  has  a 
good  harbor  and  a  famous  Hindoo  temple. 

Bateman  (bait'man)  Bay,  New  South  Wales,  Aus- 
tralia, on  the  S.E.  coast,  142  miles  S.W.  of  Port  Jackson. 
Lat.  36°  15'  S.;  Ion.  150°  20'  E. 

Batenburg,  b;yt§n-burg\  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Gclderland,  9  miles  W.  of  Nymwegen,  on  the  Mouse. 
Pop.  675.     It  is  the  Oj^'pidum  lUtUivo'rum  of  the  Romans. 

Bates,  baits,  a  county  in  tho  W.  part  of  Missouri,  bor- 
dcring  on  Kansas,  has  an  area  of  900  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Osage  River,  and  also  drained  by  Grand 
River  and  Miami  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  woodland; 
the  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  cattle,  horses,  and 
oats  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Missouri, 
Kansivs  &  Texas  Railroad.  Capital,  Butler.  Beds  of  bitu- 
minous coal  are  found  in  this  countj'.  Carboniferous  lime- 
stone and  sandstone  underlie  parts  of  the  surface.  Among 
the  forest  trees  are  the  blue  ash,  elm,  hickory,  white  oak, 
black  walnut,  white  ash,  red  oak,  and  honey-locust.  Pop. 
in  1870,  15,960;  in  1880,  25,381  ;  in  1890,  32,223. 

Bates,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sangamon  co..  111.,  and  a  sta- 
tion on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Springfield. 

Batesburg,  baifs'biirg,  a  post-village  of  Lexington  co., 
S.C,  on  the  Columbia  <fc  Augusta  Railroad,  33  miles  W.  of 
Columbia.  It  has  2  churches,  2  banks,  a  high  and  agraded 
school,  and  a  quarry  of  fine  granite. 

Bates  City,  a  post  village  of  Lafayette  co..  Mo..  33 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Kansas  City.  It  has  4  churches.  Pop. 
150. 

Batesville,  haits'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barbour  co., 
Ala.,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Eufaula.     Here  are  2  churches. 

Batesville,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Independence  co., 
Ark.,  on  White  River  and  on  2  railroads,  about  90  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Little  Reck.  It  is  the  seat  of  Arkansas  College 
(Presbyterian),  founded  in  1872,  and  contains  also  acade- 
mies and  public  schools  for  white  and  colored.  It  has  3 
newspaper  offices,  several  flouring-mills,  iron  and  lumber 
manufactories,  and  7  churches.  Pop.  in  1880,  1264;  in 
189U,  2150. 


BAT 


597 


BAT 


DHtesville,  a  post-town  of  Ripley  co.,  Ind..  54  miles 
by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Cincinnati.  It  bus  :i  churches,  a  banli, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  furniture. 

Batesville,  a  post-village  of  Panola  co.,  Miss.,  59 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Memphis.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high 
Bcbool,  a  newspaper  office,  manufactures  of  wag'>ns,  ploughs, 
feeders  and  condensers,  and  a  tannery  and  flour-mill.  Pop. 
in  1890,  704. 

Batesville,  Noble  co.,  Ohio.     See  Williamsburg. 

Batesville,  a  hamlet  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C.,  9  miles 
by  mil  S.E.  of  Spartanburg. 

Batesville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Zavalla  co., 
Texas,  about  25  miles  S,  by  E.  of  Uvalde.  Pop.  about 
250. 

Batesville^  a  post-village  of  Albemarle  co.,  Va.,  6 
miles  from  Greenwood  Railroad  Station,  and  15  miles  W.  of 
Charlottesville.  It  has  2  churches,  2  grist-mills,  and  several 
stores.  Here  is  the  Samuel  Miller  Institute  for  the  poor 
children  of  Albemarle  co.,  endowed  by  the  late  Samuel 
Miller  with  several  hundi'ed  thousand  dollars. 

Bath,  bit,  a  town  of  Hungary,  N.  of  the  Danube,  co. 
of  Ilont,  58  miles  N.N.W.  of  Pcsth.     Pop.  1400. 

Bath,  bith  (anc.  A'quie  So'lis),  a  city  and  borough  of 
England,  capital  of  the  county  of  Somerset,  on  the  Avon, 
here  crossed  by  several  bridges,  and  on  three  railways,  12 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Bristol,  and  100  miles  W.S.AV.  of  London. 
Bath  was  known  to  the  Romans  under  the  name  of  Aqtite 
S't/if ;  and  baths  were  erected  in  the  reign  of  Claudius. 
The  city  stands  enclosed  by  an  amphitheatre  of  hills,  on  the 
W.  declivity  of  which  its  finest  quarters  extend  in  successive 
terraces;  and,  being  mostly  built  of  white  freestone,  in  a 
highly-embellished  style,  it  is  perhaps  the  handsomest  city 
in  Britain.  The  principal  edifices  are  the  Abbey  church, 
late  Gothic  style,  St.  James's,  St.  Michael's,  the  guild-hall, 
city  jail,  a  superb  theatre,  the  freemasons'  lodge,  club-house, 
assembly-  and  concert-rooms,  several  large  hospitals,  and  the 
buildings  connected  with  its  famous  baths.  In  the  W.  of 
the  city  is  the  Royal  Victoria  Park ;  and  it  has  numerous 
other  places  of  recreation,  among  which  are  the  Sidney 
Gardens.  Bath  has  a  grammar-school  founded  by  Edward 
VI.,  blue-coat  and  national  schools,  a  Roman  Catholic  col- 
legiate establishment,  the  Bath  and  West  of  England  So- 
ciety, a  literary  and  philosophical  institution,  a  library, 
and  a  mechanics'  institute.  The  hot  springs,  to  which  this 
city  owes  its  origin,  are  saline  and  chalybeate,  temperature 
from  90°  to  117°  Fah.;  they  rise  immediately  on  the  bank 
of  the  river.  Bath  sends  2  members  to  the  House  of  Com- 
mons. Bath,  with  Wells,  forms  a  bishopric,  comprising  all 
the  county  of  Somerset,  except  a  part  of  Bristol ;  but  the 
bishop's  palace  and  cathedral  are  at  AVclls.     Pop.  52,557. 

Bath,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Kentucky,  has  an 
area  of  about  1500  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E. 
by  the  Licking  River.  The  surface  is  p.artly  level  and 
partly  undulating  :  the  soil  in  some  parts  is  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  live-stock,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products. 
Coal,  iron  ore,  and  limestone  are  found  in  this  county, 
which  also  contains  medicinal  springs,  from  which  its  name 
is  derived.  Its  S.  portion  is  intersected  by  the  Newport  News 
dk  Mississippi  Valley  Railroad.  Capital,  Owingsville.  Pop. 
in  1870,  10,145;  in  1880,  11,982;  in  1S90,  12,813. 

Bath,  a  county  of  Virginia,  bordering  on  West  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  aUout  700  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Cowpai'turo  and  Jackson's  Rivers.  The  surface  is  moun- 
tainous, and  abounds  in  picturesque  scenery.  A  ridge  of 
the  Alleghany  Mountains  extends  along  the  N.W.  border 
of  this  county,  which  is  mostly  covered  with  forests.  Lime- 
stone and  iron  ore  are  abundant.  The  soil  produces  good 
pastare,  and  contains  medicinal  springs.  Capital,  Bath  Court- 
Ilouse.     Pop.  in  1870,  3795;  in  1880,  4482;  in  1890,  4587. 

Bath,  a  station  on  the  Little  Rock,  Mississippi  River  & 
Texas  Railroad,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Pine  Bluff,  Ark. 

Bath,  a  station  of  Chaffee  co.,  Col.,  16  miles  by  rail  E. 
of  IJuena  Vista. 

Bath,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richmond  co.,  Ga.,  18  miles  by 
rail  .*^.W.  of  Augusta.     It  has  several  stores. 

Bath,  a  post-village  of  Mason  co..  111.,  on  the  Illinois 
River,  in  Bath  township,  and  on  the  Peoria,  Pekin  A  Jack- 
sonville Railroad,  49  miles  S.W.  of  Peoria,  and  about  40 
miles  N.W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  2  churches,  2  flouring- 
mills,  a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  furniture,  ploughs, 
and  wagons ;  also  2  elevators  for  grain,  a  large  quantity  of 
which  is  shipped  here.     Pop.  464 ;  of  Bath  township,  2124. 

Bath,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  675» 

Bath,  a  hamlet  of  Union  co.,  Ind.,  about  24  miles  S.  by 
W.  from  Richmond. 

Bath,  a  city,  port  of  entry,  and  seat  of  justice  of  Saga- 
dahoc CO.,  Mo.,  is  situated  on  tho  right  bank  of  the  Ken- 


nebec River,  12  miles  from  the  ocean,  30  miles  S.  of  Augusta, 
."0  miles  N.E.  of  Portland,  and  147  miles  N.E.  of  Boston. 
The  city  extends  about  2i  miles  along  the  bank  of  the  river, 
and  nearly  1  mile  back.  It  is  not  laid  out  with  any  great 
regard  to  regularity.  The  site  slopes  gradually  towards  the 
E.,  and,  being  uneven,  the  streets  are  generally  accommo- 
dated to  its  inequalities.  The  town  is  well  built,  and  lighted 
by  electricity.  It  has  a  first-class  hotel,  5  national  banks, 
2  savings-banks,  and  11  churches,  1  of  which — the  Central 
Congregational — cost  about  $30,000.  The  Beacon  Street 
Methodist  Church  is  also  a  handsome  edifice.  The  schools 
are  graded,  and  are  among  the  very  best  in  the  state. 
The  night-school  is  attended  both  by  boys  and  by  girls. 
One  laily  and  3  weekly  newspapers  are  published  in  the 
city.  In  the  business  of  shipping,  Bath  is  sur])assed  by 
no  city  in  the  United  States.  The  city  enjoys  superior  ad- 
vantages for  navigation,  as  the  river  here  is  seldom  frozen 
in  winter.  The  principal  imports  are  sugar,  molasses,  iron, 
hemp,  and  salt.  The  manufactures  of  the  place  are  such  as 
relate  chiefly  to  ship-building.  Among  these  may  be  men- 
tioned an  extensive  cordage- factory,  two  large  establish- 
ments for  making  ship-blocks,  and  4  steam  saw-mills.  Bath 
has  steamboat  communication  with  Portland,  Augusta,  and 
Boston.  It  is  the  terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  Maine  Central 
Railroad,  the  junction  being  at  Brunswick.  Another  rail- 
road, the  Knox  &  Lincoln,  opens  railway  communication 
between  Bath  and  Rockland,  a  distance  of  44  miles,  and 
connects  with  the  Maine  Central  Railroad.  Bath  was  settled 
in  1756,  and  incorporated  in  1780.  Pop.  in  1820,  3026; 
in  1830,  3773;  in  1840,  5141 ;  in  1850.  8020 ;  in  1860,  8076; 
in  1870,  7371  ;  in  1880,  7874;  in  1890,  8723. 

Bath,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  Mich.,  in  Bath  town- 
ship, on  tho  Jackson,  Lansing  <S;  Saginaw  Railroad,  9  miles 
N.E.  of  Lansing.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and 
a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  about  200;  of  Bath  township,  1224. 

Bath,  a  post  township  of  Freeborn  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  662. 

Bath,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  in  Bath  town- 
ship, on  the  Connecticut  River,  and  on  the  White  Mountains 
Railroad,  94  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Concord.  It  has  2  churches, 
2  grist-mills,  and  2  saw-mills.  The  township  is  drained  by 
the  Ammonoosuo  River.     Pop.  in  1880,  \032;  in  1890,935. 

Bath,  or  Bath  Beach,  a  village  and  pleasant  summer 
resort  of  Kings  co.,  N.Y.,  in  New  Utrecht  township,  on 
Lower  New  York  Bay,  4  miles  from  Greenwood  cemetery. 
It  is  connected  with  Brooklyn  by  railroad.  It  has  3  churches, 

Bath  [on  the  Hudson],  a  village  of  Rensselaer  co., 
N.Y.,  one  of  the  suburbs  of  Albany,  is  in  North  Grccnbush, 
on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Hudson,  and  on  the  Troy  &  Green- 
bush  Railroad,  i  mile  N.  of  Greenbush.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  mineral  spring,  and  a  newspaper.     Pop.  1405. 

Bath,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  is  in 
Bath  township,  on  the  Conhocton  Creek,  and  on  the  Roches- 
ter division  of  the  Erie  Railroad.  75  miles  S.  by  E.  from 
Rochester,  and  37  miles  N.W.  of  Elmira.  It  has  a  court- 
house. 5  churches,  a  national  bank,  2  other  banks,  the  Haver- 
ling  Union  School,  an  orphan  asylum,  2  weekly  newspapers, 
and  manufactures  of  carriages,  &c  The  New  York  State 
Soldiers'  Home  is  located  here.  Pop.  of  Bath  township 
(1890)  7881;  of  the  village,  3261.  The  Bath  <fc  Ham 
mondsport  Railroad  extends  hence  9  miles  to  Lake  Keuka. 

Bath,  a  post- village  of  Beaufort  co.,  N.C..  in  Bath  town- 
ship, on  the  Pamlico  River,  about  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  New- 
Berne.  It  is  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Washington.  It  has  2 
churches  and  several  stores.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1969. 

Bath,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  0.     Pop.  1255. 

Bath,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  0.  Pop.  2684.  It  in- 
cludes Fairfield  and  Osborn. 

Bath,  a  post-township  of  Summit  co.,  0.,  about  22  miles 
S.  of  Cleveland.     Pop.  1034. 

Bath,  a  post-borough  of  Northampton  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Lehigh  &  Lackawanna  Railroad,  12  miles  N.  of  Bethlehem, 
and  about  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Easton.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  savings-bank,  a  foundry,  a  tannery,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
manufactorj'  of  farming-implements.     Pop.  707. 

Bath,  a  post-hamlet  of  Aiken  co.,  S.C.,  on  the  South 
Carolina  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Augusta,  Ga.  It  has  a 
paper-mill.  Bath  Turnout  is  a  station  on  the  Columbia  & 
Augusta  Railroad,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Augusta. 

Bath,  West  Virginia.    See  Beukeley  Springs. 

Bath,  a  village  in  Addington  co.,  Ontario,  on  Lake  On- 
tario, 18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Kingston.  It  has  an  iron-foundry, 
a  saw-mill,  and  several  factories.     Pop.  600. 

Bath,  or  Mun'quart,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  co., 
New  Brunswick,  on  the  St.  John  River,  30  miles  from 
AVoodstock.     Pop.  500. 

Bath  Al'um,  or  Bath  Alum  Springs,  a  post-village 
and  watering-place  of  Bath  co.,  Va.,  about  40  miles  W.S.W. 


BAT 


598 


BAT 


•f  SUunton.  8  inilas  E^.E.  of  Bath  Court-House,  and  10 
milo^  from  Millborouirh.     It  ia  surrounded  by  mountains. 

Bath  Ileuch,  Kinx:)  vu.,  N.Y.    tiee  Uath. 

Buih  Coiirt-IIouse,  or  Warm  Spriii{(fl,  a  post- 
Tillago,  cai>itul  of  Kiitli  co.,  Va.,  is  pleasantly  bituuied  in  a 
narrow  valley  niuong  the  Alleghany  Mountaini,  about  64 
miles  N.W.  of  Lynohburg,  and  1:IU  luiles  (direot)  W.N.W. 
of  Ilicbmond.  Here  are  warm  mineral  gpringa,  much  fre- 
quented as  a  summer  resort.  Tlio  water  has  a  constant 
temperuture  of  about  9S°  Fuhr.  Post-offioe,  Warm  Springs. 
Tlio  village  iiiis  '2  cliurobes  and  a  femiile  seminary. 

Uath'gatCf  a  town  of  Scotland,  oo.  of  Linlithgow,  19 
mileii  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Edinburgh.  It  lias  a  well-endowed 
academy  ;  albo  branch  banks,  manufactures  of  cottons,  glass, 
paraffin,  nnd  flour,  and  coal-  and  lime-works.     Pop.  4-lUI. 

Uathgate,  a  pust-villugo  of  Pcuibina  co.,  N.D.,  5  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  lliimilton,  and  12  mile:<  (direct)  S.W.  of  Pem- 
bina. It  has  h  churches,  a  national  bunk,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pon.  760. 

Bath  Jnills,  a  station  in  Parma  township,  Calhoun  oo., 
Mich.,  16  miles  by  rail  W.  of  .Jackson.     Here  is  a  grist-mill. 

Bath  Springs^  a  post-office  of  Decatur  co.,  Tcnn. 

Buth'urst,  a  city  of  New  South  Wales,  Australia, 
capital  of  Biithurst  co.,  122  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  .'Sydney. 
It  has  an  .\nglican  and  a  Catholic  bi.shop,  a  hospital  and 
theatre,  and  is  well  built,  with  spacious  streets.     Pop.  SO.'iO. 

Bath'urstf  a  town  of  West  Africiv,  capital  of  the  British 
colony  of  Gambia,  on  the  small  island  of  St.  Mary's,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Gambia  River,  in  lat.  13°  28'  N.,  Ion.  16°  36' 
W.  The  principal  buildings  are  the  government  house,  a 
large  hospital  for  liberated  .\fricans,  and  Wesleyan  schools. 
The  exports  comprise  gum,  wax,  hides,  ivory,  gold,  tortoise- 
shell,  rice,  cotton,  African  teak,  palm  oil,  and  country 
cloths.    See  also  Gambfa. 

Bathurst,  a  town  of  South  Africa,  Cape  Colony,  dis- 
trict of  Albany,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Graham's  'l?own. 

Bnth'urst,  a  port  of  entry,  and  capital  of  Gloucester  co., 
New  Brunswick,  on  Chaleurs  Bay,  175  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
St.  John.  St.  Peter's,  or  Bathurst  villnge,  on  the  Interco- 
lonial Riiilway,  is  connpcted  with  Bathurst  by  a  handsome 
bridge.  Bnthurst  has  about  30  stores,  a  large  trade,  nnd  an 
important  salmon-tishery.  and  is  a  tourists'  resort.    Pop.  800. 

Bathurst,  a  tract  of  land  discovered  by  Sir  Edward 
Parry,  in  the  Arctic  Ocean,  in  lat.  75°  N.,  Ion.  100°  W. 

Bathurst  (or  Nep'isiquit)  Bay,  New  Brunswick,  an 
arm  of  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  lat.  47°  37'  N.,lon.  65°  45'  W. 

Bathurst  Island,  off  North  Australia,  120  miles  W. 
of  Port  Essington,  and  immediately  W.  of  Melville  Island. 
Length,  30  miles. 

Bathurst  Lake,  near  the  centre  of  Newfoundland,  is 
40  miles  long  from  W.  to  E.,  by  6  miles  across,  and  dis- 
charges its  waters  eastward  by  the  Exploits  River. 

BatUcalo',  or  Bat^ticalo'a  (native,  Poliantivoe),  a 
town  of  Ceylon,  capital  of  a  district,  on  a  small  island  in 
a  great  coast  lake  or  lagoon.  Lat.  7°  44'  N. ;  Ion.  81°  52'  E. 
It  has  a  good  haven  and  active  commerce.  It  is  surrounded 
by  cocoanut  plantations.     Pop.  3353. 

Baticalo,  Batticola,  or  Batticaloa,  a  district  of 
Ceylon,  in  the  Eiustern  Province,  on  the  coast.  Capital, 
Batticalo.     Pop.  93,233. 

Batignollcs,  or  Les  BatignoIIes,  li  biHeen'yoll', 
a  former  town  of  France,  on  the  N.E.  of  Paris,  of  which 
city  it  is  now  an  arrondissement. 

Bat'in,  a  post-office  of  Webster  co.,  Neb. 

Batindah,  bi-tin'di,  a  town  of  India,  in  Rajpootana, 
180  miles  N.W.  of  Delhi. 

Butiscan,  bi'tees'kfiN"',  or  ba^is-kan',  a  river  of 
Quebec,  rises  in  the  co.  of  Quebec,  and  falls  into  the  St. 
Lawrence  at  Batiscan  Bridge.     Length,  about  50  miles. 

Batiscan,  biHeesMiftso',  or  bat'is-kan',  or  Sainte 
Genevieve  de  Batiscan,  si.Nt  zh^h'nehVe-Sv'  d?h 
bi'tees'kAso',  the  chief  town  of  Champlain  co.,  Quebec,  on 
the  Batiscan,  6  miles  from  Batiscan  Bridge.     Pop.  274. 

Batiscan  Bridge,  a  post-village  and  port  of  landing 
in  Champlain  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  117  miles 
N.E.  of  Montreal.     Pop,  250. 

Batjan,  an  island,  East  Indies.    See  Bachian. 

Bat'ley,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West 
Hiding,  2  miles  E.  of  Dewsbury,  has  large  mills  for  shoddy, 
woollen  cloth,  and  carpet.     Pop.  in  1891,  28,719. 

Batna,  a  plain  of  Arabia.     See  Tehama. 

Batna,  bit'ni,  a  town  of  Algeria,  80  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Constantino.  It  has  a  museum,  a  hospital,  and  a  convent, 
and  stiinds  in  a  rich  and  well-wooded  region  abounding  in 
relics  of  the  Roman  period.     Pop.  2383. 

Bato,  hlt'to,  a  town  of  Luzon,  Philippine  Islands,  on 
Bato  Lake.     Lat.  13°  20'  N,;  Ion.  123°  16'  E.     Pop.  2167. 


Batoani,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Batooani. 

Baton,  an  island,  Malay  Archipelago,    See  Bootom, 

Baton  Kougc,  bat'Qu  roozh  (Fr,  nron.  bil"t6N»'  ronzh), 
a  city,  the  capital  of  Louisiana  and  ot  East  Baton  Rouge 
parish,  is  situated  ou  the  east  bank  of  the  Mississippi  RJTer 
about  130  miles  above  New  Orleans.  It  is  built  on  a  bluff 
which  is  about  25  feet  above  the  river  when  the  water  is  at 
its  highest  stage,  and  commands  a  fine  view  of  the  river 
and  surrounding  plantations.  'Ibis  city  was  the  capital  of 
the  state  from  1847  till  1864,  when  the  scat  of  government 
was  removed  to  New  Orleans,  where  it  remained  until  re- 
established at  Baton  Rouge,  March  1,  1882,  by  a  provision 
of  the  constitution  of  1879.  A  daily  and  3  weekly  news- 
papers are  published  here.  Baton  Rouge  contains  a  state 
prison,  an  arsenal,  and  an  institution  for  the  education  of 
the  depf,  dumb,  and  blind  (which  was  founded  by  the  slate 
in  1862),  and  is  the  seat  of  the  State  University,  which  wns 
formerly  at  Alexandria;  but  the  edifice  of  which  was  de- 
stroyed there  by  fire  in  1809.  Pop.  in  1870,  6498;  in  1880, 
7197;  in  1890,  10,478. 

Baton  Kouge,  a  post-township  of  Chester  oo.,  S.C, 
about  54  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Columbia.     Pop,  309S. 

Batonya,  boh'ton'yoh',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Csanad,  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mako,     Pop.  8042. 

Batoo,  Batou,  Batu,  or  Battoe,  b4t'too',  a  group 
of  islands  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  off  the  W.  coast  of 
Sumatra,  named  from  the  principal  island,  which  is  in  lat 
0°  10'  N.,  Ion.  98°  40'  E. 

Batoo-  (or  Batou-)  Bhara,  blHoo'  b'hi'rl,  written 
also  Batu-Baru,  bi'too'-biVoo',  a  town  on  the  E,  coast 
of  Sumatra.     Lat.  3°  20'  N. ;   Ion.  97°  E. 

Batooani,  Batonani,  b&-too-&'nee,  or  Batoa'ni, 
a  town  of  Africa,  at  the  E.  end  of  Lake  N'gami,  where  the 
river  Zooga  leaves  it.     Lat,  20°  23'  S. ;  Ion,  23°  30'  E. 

Batooin,  Batoum,  or  Batum,  bil-toom',  a  seaport 
town  of  Asiatic  Russia,  on  the  E.  shore  of  the  Black  Sea,  4 
miles  N.  of  the  mouth  of  the  Choruk.  Pop.  about  6000. 
Lat.  of  Cape  Batoom,  41°  39'  24"  N. ;  Ion.  41°  37'  E. 

Batooini,  a  river  of  Armenia.     See  CnonuK. 

Batoorin,  Batourin,  or  Baturin,  bi-too-rin'  or 
bi-too-recn',  a  town  of  Russia,  63  miles  E.  of  ChernigoT, 
on  the  Seim.     Pop.  about  5000. 

Batroon,  or  Batrun,  bfl-troon',  a  small  town  and 
port  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  12  miles  S.  of  Tripoli. 

Batsch,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Ba'cs. 

Batschian,  Batshian,  or  Batsian.    Sec  Bachiax. 

Batstad,  a  town  of  Sweden,     See  BAstad. 

Bat'sto,  a  village  of  Burlington  co.,  N..J.,  on  the  Batsto 
River,  about  40  miles  S.E.  of  Camden.  The  Batsto  River 
falls  into  Little  Egg  Harbor. 

Bat'ta,  Bat'ak,  or  Bat'tak,  a  raceof  people  in  theN. 
of  Sumatra.  They  have  a  written  language,  and  can  gen- 
erally read  and  write,  but  are  gross  cannibals.  They  are 
probably  an  offshoot  of  the  Malay  stock,  but,  unlike  the 
Malays,  are  heathens,  and  are  of  peaceable  disposition. 
Some  authorities  regard  them  as  kindred  to  the  Alfooras. 
They  are  very  superstitious. 

Batta,  or  Bata,  bohHoh',  a  Wallachian  town  in  Hun- 
gary,  co.  of  Tolna,  on  the  Danube,  5  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bat» 
taszek.     Pop.  3364. 

Battaglia,  or  La  Battaglia,  ]&,  b&t-til'yS,,  a  town 
of  Italy,  11  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Padua.  It  has  thermal 
springs  and  baths.     Pop.  3690. 

Battahatchee  River,  Alabama.    See  Buttahatchie, 

Battalah,  a  town  of  India.     See  Biitala. 

Battam,  Mt'tim',  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
W.  of  Bingtang,  and  20  miles  S.  of  Singapore,  in  lat.  1°  5' 
N,,  Ion.  104°  E,  It  is  about  28  miles  long,  and  contains  a 
harbor  called  Boolang  Bay, 

Battang  Island.    See  Battam. 

Battanta,  an  island  near  Papua.    See  Batanta. 

Battaszek,  bit-tis-sfik',  a  market-town  of  Ilungarj, 
CO.  and  16  miles  S,  of  Tolna,     Pop.  6452. 

Batteaux,  bit'to',  a  village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  on 
a  railway,  3  miles  E.  by  S.  of  CoUingwood.     Pop.  120. 

Battecol'lah  (anc  Batucnla,  i.e.,  "the  round  town"), 
a  town  of  British  India,  presidency  of  Madras,  district  of 
Canara,  on  the  Indian  Ocean,  115  miles  S,S,E,  of  Goa. 

Battenberg,  bS,t't§n-b5RG\  a  town  of  Hesse,  31  inilei 
N.  of  Giessen,  on  the  Eder.    Pop,  985.    It  has  iron-foundriei. 

Battenheim  (Ger.  pron.bit't?n-hime^;  Fr.  pron,  bit'- 
t8n'5m'),  a  village  of  Alsace,  8  miles  N,E.  of  MUlhausen. 
Pop.  1195. 

Bat'ten  Kill,  a  small  river,  which  rises  in  Bennington 
CO.,  Vt.,  nnd  pivsses  thence  into  the  state  of  New  York.  li 
runs  westward  through  Washington  co.  until  it  enters  th« 
Hudson  at  Schuylerville,  10  miles  E.  of  Saratoga  Sprinj^ 


BAT 


599 


BAU 


Bat'tcn's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Gilmer  co.,  W.  Va. 

Bat'tenville,  a  small  post-village  of  Washington 
CO..  N.Y.,  on  Batten  Kill  River,  4J  miles  from  Greenwich, 
and  38  miles  N.N.E.  of  Albany.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
paper-mill. 

Battersea,  bat't?r-see\  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of 
Surrey,  on  the  Thames,  4  miles  S.W.  of  London.  It  now 
forms  part  of  that  metropolis.  Here  is  the  Battersea  Park. 
Pop.  67,218. 

Battersea,  a  post- village  of  Frontenac  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Loughborough  Lake,  16  miles  from  Kingston.     Pop.  330. 

Batticaloa,  a  town  of  Ceylon.     See  Baticalo. 

Battice,  bitHccce',  a  town  of  Belgium,  province  of 
Liege,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Verviers.     Pop.  4060. 

BatHicot'ta,  a  village  on  the  island  of  Jaffna,  contains 
a  seminary  established  by  American  missionaries. 

Bat'tle,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  of  Sussex,  on  a 
railway,  0  miles  N.W.  of  Hastings.  The  town  consists 
mostly  of  a  single  street,  terminated  by  the  fine  gateway  of 
its  old  abbey.  In  its  church  are  numerous  antique  monu- 
ments and  devices.  It  has  a  school,  a  union  workhouse, 
and  several  gunpowder-mills.  It  derives  its  name  from  the 
great  battle  (usually  called  the  battle  of  Hastings)  fought  at 
Scnlac,  October  14,  1066,  by  which  the  Saxon  dynasty  in 
England  was  finally  overthrown  by  AVilliam  the  Conqueror. 
Battle  Abbey,  founded  by  William  on  the  locality  where 
Harold's  banner  had  been  planted,  was  of  great  extent. 
Pop.  of  parish,  3495. 

Battleborongh,  bat't^l-burViih,  a  post-village  of 
Nash  CO.,  N.C.,  on  the  Wilmington  <fe  Weldon  Railroad.  29 
miles  S.  by  W.  from  Weldon,  and  133  miles  N.  of  ^yil- 
mington.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  2  steam  saw-mills, 
a.  plough-factory,  and  a  steam  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  500. 

Bat'tle  Creek,  a  hamlet  of  Tehama  co.,  Cal.,  10  miles 
from  Cottonwood  Railroad  Station. 

Battle  Creek,  a  post-town  of  Ida  co.,  Iowa,  in  a  fine 
agricultural  section,  7  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Ida  Grove. 
It  has  3  churches,  2  banks,  graded  public  schools,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  600. 

Battle  Creek,  a  city  and  railway  centre  of  Calhoun 
TO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad  whore  it 
crosses  the  Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk,  and  on  the  Kalama- 
lioo  River  at  the  mouth  of  Battle  Creek,  45  miles  S.W.  of 
Lansing,  121  miles  AV.  of  Detroit,  and  163  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Chicago.  It  contains  an  opera-house,  an  extensive  sani- 
tarium, 10  churches,  a  high  school,  2  colleges  (Seventh  Day 
Adventist  and  Catholic),  4  banks,  several  Hour-mills,  iron- 
foundries,  and  machine-shops,  and  manufactures  of  railway 
boilers  and  engines,  nails,  furniture,  <kc.  Two  daily  and  3 
weekly  papers  are  published  here,  besides  numerous  issues 
from  the  publishing-house  of  the  Adventists.  Pop.  in  1880, 
7063;  in  1890,  13,090. 

Battle  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Madison  eo.,  Neb.,  22 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Stanton.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  500. 

Battle  Creek,  Michigan,  rises  in  Eaton  CO.,  runs  south- 
westward,  and  enters  the  Kalamazoo  River  at  the  city  of 
Battle  Creek,  in  Calhoun  co.  It  affords  abundant  and  dur- 
able water-power. 

Bat'tlefield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Newton  co.,  Miss.,  about 
10  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Decatur. 

Bat'tleford,  a  town  of  Canada,  capital  of  the  North- 
West  Territories,  at  the  junction  of  Battle  River  with  the 
North  Fork  of  the  Saskatchewan,  and  on  the  Canadian 
Pacific  Railway,  about  525  miles  W.N.W.  of  Winnipeg. 
Lat.  52°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  108°  35'  W. 

Battle  Ground,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Qa. 

Battle  Ground,  a  post-village  of  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  Railroad,  6  miles 
N.  of  Lafayette.  Here  occurred  the  battle  of  Tippecanoe, 
where  General  Harrison  defeated  an  army  of  Indians,  On 
the  7th  of  November,  1811.  It  has  2  churches,  a  collegiate 
institute,  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Battle  Ground,  a  station  in  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Freehold  &  Jamesburg  Railroad,  2  miles  AV.N.W.  of 
Freehold.  It  is  the  site  of  the  battle  of  Monmouth  Court- 
House  in  the  Revolutionary  War. 

Battle  Ground,  a  post-office  of  Guilford  co.,  N.C.,  6i 
miles  from  Greensborough. 

Battle  Ground,  a  post-office,  Clarke  co.,  Washington. 
'  Bat'tle  Ilar'bor,  in  Labrador,  near  the  Strait  of  I5elle 
Isle,  is  much  frequented  by  small  fishing-vessels  in  summer, 
but  at  other  times  the  trerLendous  surf  (which  is  said  to 
wash  the  crests  -of  rocks  from  30  to  50  feet  high)  sometimes 
renders  the  anchorage  untenable.  The  harbor  is  shel- 
tered by  the  Battle  Islands  (lat.  52°  16'  N.,  Ion.  55°  32' 
W.J  and  by  Grand  Cariboo. 


B  attl  e  Hil  I ,  a  post-township  of  McPl 

28  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Salina. 

Battle  Island,  a  station  in  Oswegc 
Midland  Railroad,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Osweg 

Battle  Lake,  a  village  and  summ 
Tail  CO.,  Minn.,  in  a  fine  prairie  country,  n 
tiful  lakes.     It  is  situated  on  the  Ferj 

Hills  Bcanch  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Ra'iiiv^<i.u, ..«  . 

of  Fergus  Falls.     It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  400. 

Battle  Mountain,  a  post-village  and  railway  junc- 
tion of  Lander  co.,  Nev.,  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad, 
84  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Elko.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  several 
stores.     Pop.  about  500. 

Battles,  a  post-village  of  Baldwin  co.,  Ala.,  on  Mobile 
Bay,  about  15  miles  S.E.  of  Mobile.     Pop.  about  400. 

Battoe,  an  island,  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Batoo. 

Battonya,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Batonya. 

Batts'ville,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co..  Mo.,  7  miles 
from  De  AVitt  Railroad  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Batu,  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Batoo. 

Batucala,  the  ancient  name  of  Battecom-ah. 

Batum,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia.     See  BATOojf. 

Baturin,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Batoouis. 

Baturite,  bi-too-ree'ti  (formerly  Montemor  Vel- 
ho),  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  of  Ceard,  on  a  railway,  95 
miles  S.AV.  of  Aracati.     It  has  a  church  and  a  college. 

Batz,  bits,  a  village  of  France,  Loire-Inferieure,  on 
the  Atlantic,  50  miles  AV.N.AV.  of  Nantes.  Pop.  2988.  It 
has  interesting  antiquities. 

Batz,  an  island  of  France.     Bee  Bas. 

Ban,  a  Feejee  island.     See  Ambow. 

Baubelthouap,  Pelew  Islands.    See  Babeltiiuap. 

Baucina,  bow-che'ni,  a  village  of  Sicily,  25  miles  S.E. 
of  Palermo.     Pop.  3423. 

Banco,  bow'ko  (anc.  Bovil'lm  ?),  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Rome,  6  miles  E.  of  Frosinone.     Pop.  3846. 

Baud,  bo,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Morbihan, 
13  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Pontivy.     Pop.  5599. 

Baudour',  bS'doon',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut, 
7  miles  AV.  of  Mons,  is  noted  for  its  pottery.     Pop.  4370. 

Bauerwitz,  bCw'^r-wits^  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
on  the  Zinna,  38  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Oppeln.     Pop.  2403. 

Baulf,  bowf,  a  post-office  of  Taney  eo..  Mo. 

Bauge,  bo^zhi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Maine-et-Loire, 
on  the  Couesnon,  23  miles  E.N.E.  of  Angers.     Pop.  3562. 

Baug6  le  Vieil,  bo'zhi'  l^h  ve-il',  or  Le  Vieux 
Bauge,  l?h  ve-uh'  bo^zhi',  a  village  of  France,  in  Mainc- 
et-Loire,  1  mile  S.AV.  of  Bauge.     Pop.  1850. 

Baughman,  baw'man,  a  township  of  AVayne  co.,  O. 
Pop.  2067.  It  includes  part  of  Marshallsville  and  part  of 
Orrville;  also  Burton  City. 

Baugh's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Logan  co.,  Ky. 

Bau'go,  a  township  of  Elkhart  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  749. 

Baul,  bi-ool',  a  town  of  A^enezucla,  state  of  Cojedes,  40 
miles  S.  of  San  Carlos.     Pop.  10,015. 

Bauleah,  baw'l§-ah,  Beauleah,  or  Rampur 
Beaulcah,  ram'poor  b?-aw'l§-ah  (written  also  Boy- 
aliya),  a  town  of  Bengal,  on  the  Ganges,  35  miles  N.E. 
of  Moorshedabad,  is  the  capital  of  the  Rajeshahyo  district. 
Pop.  22,291. 

Baulon,  boM6N'>',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  lUe- 
et-A' ilaine,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Rennes.     Pop.  1543. 

Bauma,  bow'mS,,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  16  miles  E. 
of  Zurich.     Pop.  2963. 

Baumanus  (bow-mS,'noos)  Cave,  a  fine  cavern  of 
Germany,  in  Brunswick,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Blankenburg. 

Baumeean,  or  Baumian.    See  Bamian. 

Baume-les-Dames,  bom-li.-dS.m,  atown  of  Franco, 
in  Doubs,  18  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Besanjon.     Pop.  2562. 

Baume-Ies-Messieurs,bomlim3s'se-uh'(Baume- 
les-Moines,  borae  li  mwin),  a  town  of  France,  in  Jura, 
6i  miles  N.AV.  of  Lons-le-Saulnier.     Pop.  660. 

Baum'gardner,a  station  in  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Quarryville  Branch  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Lancaster. 

Baumgarten,  bowm'gan-t§n,  a  village  of  Prussian 
Silesia,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Glatz.  Pop.  1050.  Baumgarten 
is  the  name  of  many  other  villages  in  Germany. 

Baumholder,  bowm'hol-der,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, 12  miles  N.E.  of  Sanct  AVcndel.     Pop.  1708. 

Baums'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  in  YjS  ■ 
eter  township,  9  or  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Reading,  and  1  mile 
from  Birdsborough.     It  has  2  churches. 

Baunach,  bCw'niK,  atown  of  Bavaria,  6i  miles  N.N.AV. 
of  Bamberg.     Near  it  is  the  grotto  of  the  Magdalene. 

Baun^,  bo^ni',  a  village  of  France,  department  ol 
Maine-et-Loire,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Angers.     Pop.  1000. 


BAU 


GOO 


BAX 


Banneg  (bnw'neg)  Beg*  •post-hamlotof  Tork  oo.,  Me., 
in  North  Berwick  tuwniihip,  4U  miles  S.W.  of  Portland. 

llaunci,  bOw.nA'e,  a  Tillage  of  Sardinia,  76  inilca  N.E. 
of  Cn};liiiri,  near  the  coast.     Pen.  1886. 

llniiiiAdn,  in  India.    See  Hansida. 

Biiiirc,  bOw'rd.  BaiiruSf  bOw'rooce,  or  Baures* 
bSw'rd^  a  river  of  Oolivia,  rises  in  Lake  Guaxamire,  lat. 
15°  IS'  S.,  Ion.  620  30'  W.,  flows  N.W.,  and  falls  into  the 
Quu|)oro  after  a  course  of  aiiout  300  miles. 

Biiuskca,  bo\r!i'ke-&,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Courland, 
with  a  castle  on  the  Aa,  23  miles  S.E.  of  Mitau.     Pop.  4100. 

Bnutn;^  8ui)puKod  ancient  name  of  Annkcy  lg  Vieux. 

BuutHctaf  bdwtob,  or  Budissow,  boo-dis-sov',  a  town 
cf  Momvia,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Olmutz.     Pop.  ."JOSl. 

Bniitzcn,  bdwt's^n,  or  Budissin,  boo'diM-sin,  a  town 
of  Saxony,  on  the  Spree,  31  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  liresden. 
It  has  a  cathedral  common  to  Roman  Catholics  and  Protes- 
tants, a  gymnasium,  2  public  libraries,  manufactures  of 
woollen,  linen,  leather,  and  paper,  and  an  active  trade.  Pop. 
13, Ilia.  The  battle  of  Uuutzen,  gained  by  Napoleon  over 
the  allies,  was  fought  May  21  and  22, 1813.  Klein  -  Bautzen 
{i.e..  "  Little  Bautzen")  is  an  adjacent  village.     Pop.  247. 

Bautzen,  the  easternmost  of  the  four  provinces  or  gov- 
ernment-di^itricts  of  the  kingdom  of  Saxony.  Area,  1232 
square  miles.  It  is  a  part  of  the  old  district  of  Upper  Lu- 
Batia.  Pop.  in  1890,  370,690,  of  whom  about  nine-tenths 
were  Protestants.     Capital,  Bautzen. 

Bauvcchuin-Tourrines,  bov^shiNo'-toon'Rcen',  a 
village  of  Belgium,  province  of  Brabant.     Pop.  1770. 

Bavanistye,  or  Bavanystie,  boh'von'nces'ch^,  a 
town  uf  Austro-llungary,  in  the  Banat,  15  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Pancsova.     Pop.  6120. 

Bava'ria  (Ger.  liayern  or  Baiern,  bl'^m ;  Pr.  Bnviire, 
biVe-air';  Lat.  Bavaria),  a  kingdom  of  Central  Europe, 
forming  part  of  the  German  Empire,  is  the  largest  German 
state  except  Prussia.  It  consists  of  two  isolated  portions 
separated  oy  Hesse  and  Baden.     The  eastern  and  larger 

iiortion  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Prussia,  Saxe-Mciningcn, 
leuss,  and  Saxony,  on  the  E.  by  Bohemia  and  Austria,  on 
the  S.  by  Tyrol,  and  on  the  W.  by  WUrtemberg,  Baden,  and 
llesse.  The  western  portion,  called  the  Palatinate  of  the 
Rhine,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  river  Rhine,  and  on  other 
sides  by  Alsace,  Prussia,  and  Hesse.  Total  area,  29,292 
square  miles.     Capital,  Munich.     Pop.  in  1890,  5,589,382. 

P/it/Htcal  Features. — The  surface  is  mostly  mountiunous 
and  hilly,  a  range  of  mountains,  called  Bohnierwald,  ex- 
tending along  the  N.E.  frontier,  and  the  southern  part 
being  occupied  by  higher  mountains,  which  form  part  of 
the  system  of  the  Alps.  The  greatest  altitude  of  the  latter 
is  about  9600  feet.  In  the  N.  there  is  a  low  range  called 
Fichtelgebirge,  or  Fichtel  Mountains,  the  height  of  which 
is  3481  feet.  The  mountains  are  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  good  timber.  The  principal  rivers  of  Bavaria 
proper  are  the  Danube,  the  Main,  the  Inn,  the  Salza,  the 
lller,  and  the  Isar.  The  Rhine  is  the  greatest  river  of  the 
Palatinate.  The  portion  of  the  Danube  which  is  within  the 
limits  of  this  kingdom  is  navigable  for  steamers.  The 
Danube  and  the  Main,  which  is  also  navigable,  are  con- 
nected by  the  Ludwig's  Canal.  Numerous  lakes  are  found 
among  the  mountains  of  Southern  Bavaria. 

Climate,  Soil,  and  Productions. — The  climate  is  temperate 
and  healthy,  but  the  winter  is  severe  on  the  mountains. 
The  soil  is  generally  fertile,  especially  in  the  valley  of  the 
Danube,  and  the  mountain-sides  produce  good  pasture.  For- 
ests cover  more  than  one-fourth  of  the  total  area  of  the 
kingdom.  The  staple  products  of  the  soil  are  wheat,  barley, 
rye,  oats,  hemp,  flax,  hops,  and  potatoes.  The  people  are 
mostly  employed  in  agriculture  and  the  breeding  of  cattle. 
Bavaria  has  many  mines  of  iron  and  co.al,  and  quarries  of 
good  marble,  gypsum,  and  building-stone.  Porcelain  clay 
of  fine  quality  is  found.  Among  the  other  minerals  are 
cobalt,  salt,  quicksilver,  graphite,  and  manganese.  Iron, 
coal,  and  salt  are  the  most  important  mineral  products. 

JiidiiKiri/,  Trade,  &c. — Bavaria  has  extensive  manufac- 
tures of  beer,  which  is  the  favorite  national  beverage.  The 
number  of  breweries  is  about  5500.  It  has  also  manufac- 
tures of  glass,  linen,  woollen  stuSs,  chinaware,  paper, 
leather,  iron,  tobacco,  wooden-ware,  and  wine.  The  prin- 
cipal manufacturing  towns  are  Augsburg,  Nuremberg,  Bam- 
berg, liof,  and  Erlangen.  The  most  important  commercial 
cities  are  Munich,  Augsburg,  Nuremberg,  Ratisbon,  and 
Wiirzburg.  The  chief  articles  of  export  are  beer,  grain, 
timber,  cheese,  glass,  salt,  cattle,  hops,  madder,  and  wine. 
In  1886  this  kingdom  had  3204  miles  of  railway. 

Education,  Religion,  &c. — Public  instruction  has  hitherto 
been  more  limited  than  in  the  Northern  German  states. 
There  are  3  oniTersities, — at  Munich,  Wiirzburg,  and  Er- 


langen,— 28  gymnasia  (colleges),  10  normal  schools,  2  or  I 
nolytechnic  schools,  and  over  7000  common  or  public  hcIiooIs. 
Munich  has  an  academy  of  sciences  and  an  academy  of 
plastic  art.  The  majority  of  the  people  are  Cathciiics,  but 
other  churches  and  sects  enjoy  full  liberty  of  worsliij>.  In 
1885  the  number  of  Catholics  was  3,839,168 ;  of  Protestant^ 
1,521,114;  of  Jews,  53,697.  The  Protestants  predominate 
in  Upper  and  Middle  Kraneonia  and  in  the  Palatinate. 

Diviiioni  and  Uovernment. — Bavaria  is  a  constitutional 
monarchy,  and  the  form  of  government  is  founded  partly 
on  long-established  usage  and  partly  on  a  constitutional  act 
of  May,  1818.  The  throne  is  hereditary  in  the  male  line. 
The  executive  power  is  vested  in  the  king,  and  the  legis- 
lative power  is  exercised  concurrently  by  the  king  and  a 
parliament  of  two  houses.  The  upper  house  is  composed 
partly  of  princes  of  the  blood  royal  and  the  heads  of  nublo 
families.  The  army  forms  two  corps  of  the  imperial  German 
army,  and  in  time  of  war  is  under  the  command  of  the 
Emperor  of  Germany.  The  public  debt  in  1891  amounted 
to  1,33.3,189,690  mark.«=$3 17,299, 146. 

Bavaria  is  divided  into  8  provinces  or  circles,  the  namei 
and  population  of  which  in  1890  were  as  follows:  llpjier 
Bavaria,  1,102,027;  Lower  Bavaria,  664,131;  Palatinate, 
728,422;  Upper  Palatinate,  537,217;  Upper  Franconia, 
572,189;  Middle  Franconia,  699,928;  Lower  Franconia, 
617,680;  Suabia,  667,788.  Total,  5,589,382.  In  the  federal 
council  of  the  German  empire  Bavaria  has  6  votes. 

History. — This  country  was  governed  by  dukes  for  seven 
centuries,  during  which  it  was  politically  connected  with 
Germany  as  a  frontier  province.  In  1620  the  reigning  duke 
was  appointed  one  of  the  nine  electors  of  the  German  em- 
pire, and  received  an  important  accession  of  territ<iry. 
Bavaria  was  an  ally  of  Napoleon  in  the  war  which  began  in 
1805,  and  fought  against  the  Austrians.  The  elector  re- 
ceived in  1806  from  Napoleon  the  title  of  king,  with  an 
addition  of  territory.  In  1813  he  joined  the  allies,  and 
waged  war  against  Napoleon.  At  the  end  of  this  war  the 
allies  ceded  or  secured  to  the  King  of  Bavaria  the  territory 
which  he  had  acquired  about  1805.  In  the  war  of  1806 
between  Austria  nnd  Prussia,  Bavaria  took  side  with  Aus- 
tria, was  defeated,  and  was  compelled  to  pay  30,090,000 
florins  for  the  expenses  of  the  war.  In  the  Franco-German 
war  which  began  in  1870,  the  Bavarians  fought  against 
France.  In  November,  1870,  the  Bavarian  government 
concluded  with  that  of  Prussia  a  treaty  by  which  Bavaria 
was  admitted  into  the  new  German  empire. 

Bava'ria,  a  station  in  Saline  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Kansas 
Pacific  Railroad,  31  miles  W.S.W.  of  Abilene. 

Bavay,  bi'vi'  (anc.  Bag'acum),  a  town  of  France,  in 
Nord,  14  miles  N.N.W.  of  Avesnes.     Pop.  1705. 

Bavcno,  bi-v4'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  on  the  W.  banV 
of  the  Lago  Maggiore.     Pop.  1760. 

Baviere,  the  French  for  Bavaria. 

Bav'ington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  eo..  Pa., 
about  22  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Pittsburg.  It  has  a  flour-mill 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Bavispe,  or  Babispe,  bd-vis'pi,  a  town  of  Mexico, 
state  of  Sonora,  near  a  river  of  the  same  name,  an  affluent 
of  the  Yaqui,  160  miles  S.E.  of  Tucson,  Arizona. 

Bawani,  in  India.    See  Baokeb. 

BaAvian,  or  Bawcan,  bi'we'nn,  an  island  off  the  X. 
coast  of  Java;  lat.  of  centre,  6°  49'  S.,  Ion.  112°  44'  E. 
Area,  375  square  miles.  Hot  springs  abound.  It  belong* 
to  the  Dutch,  and  is  densely  peopled. 

Baxar,  a  town  of  India.    See  Buxar. 

BaxMey,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Appling  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad,  70  miles 
N.W.  of  Brunswick.  It  has  2  churches,  an  educational  in- 
stitute, and  2  newspaper  offices. 

Baxos  da  India,  an  island  of  Africa.    See  Europa. 

Bax'tcr,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Arkansas,  borders 
on  Missouri.  It  is  intersected  by  White  River,  which  also 
forms  its  S.W.  boundary,  and  it  is  partly  drained  by  the 
Big  North  Fork  of  that  river.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  un- 
dulating.    Pop.  in  1890,  8527.     Capital,  Mountain  Home. 

Baxter,  a  post-hamlet  of  Drew  oo.,  Ark.,  on  the  Bayou 
Bartholomew,  96  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Pine  Blufi'.  It 
has  a  church,  a  steam  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Baxter,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jasper  eo.,  Iowa,  13  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Newton.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bunk,  a  graded 
school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  creamery. 

Baxter,  township,  Lac  qui  Parle  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  280. 

Baxter,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jeft'erscn  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Low 
Grade  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  4  miles  from  Brookville. 
It  has  2  churches,  1  carriage-shop,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Baxter,  a  station  in  Sweetwater  co.,  Wyoming,  on  the 
Pacific  Railroad,  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Green  River  City. 


BAX 


601 


BAY 


Baxter's  Harbor,  a  post-villago,  Kings  co.,  Nova  Sco- 
tia, on  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  12  miles  from  Kentvillo.  Pop.  150. 
;  Baxter  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Cherokee  co.,  Kan- 
'  BM,  on  Spring  River,  and  on  the  Missouri  River,  Fort  Scott 
{ ii  Gulf  Railroad,  61  miles  S.  of  Fort  Scott,  and  159  miles 
f  S.  of  Kansas  City.  It  has  5  churches,  a  national  bank,  a 
i  graded  school,  a  brewery,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  weekly  news- 
paper.   Coal,  lead,  and  zinc  are  found  near  here.   Pop.  1284. 

Bax'terville,  a  hamlet  of  AVashington  co.,  N.Y.,  3 

i  miles  from  Salem.     It  has  a  marble-mill. 

I  .  Bay,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Michigan,  has  an  area 

'  of  about  730  square  miles.     It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 

'  Saginaw  Baj',  and  intersected  bj-  Saginaw  and  Rifle  Rivers. 

j  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and   is   mostly  covered  with 

forests  of  good  timber.     The  soil   is  partly  fertile.     Pino 

'  lumber  is  the  chief  article  of  export.     The  value  of  the  lum- 

'  ber  sawed  in  this  county  amounts  at  times  to  §3,400,000 

'  annually.     This   county  is   traversed  by  divisions   of  the 

Michigan  Central  Railroad.     Capital,  Bay  City.     Pop.  in 

1870,15,900;  in  1880,  38,081;  in  1890,  56,412. 

Bay,  a  post-village  of  Craighead  co.,  Ark.,  15  miles 
S.B.  of  Jonesboro'. 

Bay,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calhoun  co..  111.,  on  the  Missis- 
sippi River,  at  the  mouth  of  Bay  Creek,  12  miles  S.E.  of 
Pleasant  Hill.     It  has  a  church  and  3  stores. 

Bay,  a  post-village  of  Gasconade  co..  Mo.,  about  38  miles 
E.  of  Jeflersow  City. 

Bay,  a  township  of  Ottawa  eo.,  0.     Pop.  509. 

Bay,  a  hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  in  AVest  Salem  town- 
jhip,  on  the  Shenango  &  Alleghany  Railroad. 

Bay,  bi,  a  lake  on  the  island  of  Luzon,  S.  of  Manila. 
It  measures  about  30  miles  both  in  length  and  in  breadth. 

Bayaino,  bi-y^'mo,  or  San  Salvador,  s&n  s&l-v&- 
doR',  a  town  in  the  E.  part  of  the  island  of  Cuba,  60  miles 
N.W.  of  Santiago,  near  the  Cauto.  Lat.  20°  40'  N.;  Ion. 
76°  55'  W.     Pop.  about  7000. 

Bayan,  brin',  or  Bain,  bine  (Khara-Koola,  ki- 
rl-koo'li),  a  lofty  mountain-range  in  Asia,  on  the  N.E. 
border  of  Thibet,  a  branch  of  the  Kuen-Lun. 

BaySlo,  b3,-yowN»',  a  town  of  Brazil,  on  the  Araguay 
River,  140  miles  S.S.W.  from  Pard,  in  lat.  about  3°  S.,  and 
Ion.  49°  W. 

Bayard,  bi'ard,.a  post-hamlet  of  St.  John's  co.,  Fla., 
16  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Jacksonville. 

Bayard,  a  post-town  of  Guthrie  co.,  Iowa,  34  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Perry.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  pub- 
lic school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  600. 

Bayard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.,  12  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Alliance. 

Bayard,  a  post-village  of  Grant  co.,  W.  Va.,  62  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Cumberland. 

Bayass,  a  town  of  Syria.    See  Baias. 

Bayazeed,  or  Bayazid,  bi-a-zeed',  written  also 
Bfyazid,  a  fortified  town  of  Armenia,  150  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Erzroom,  and  19  miles  S.W.  of  Mount  Ararat.  Pop.  esti- 
mated at  5000,  mostly  Koords. 

Bayborough,  ba'bur-ruh,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Pamlico  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  navigable  Bay  River,  18  miles  E. 
of  Newbern.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  about  400. 

Bayborough,  a  township  of  Horry  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  880. 

Bay  Bridge,  a  station  5  miles  W.  of  Sandusky,  0.,  at 
the  E.  extremity  of  the  bridge  across  Sandusky  Bay. 

Bay  Bulls,  a  post-town  and  port  of  entry  in  New- 
foundland, 19  miles  S.  of  St.  John's.     Pop.  734. 

Bay  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Pacific  co.,  Wash.,  on 
Shoal  Water  Bay,  7  miles  S.W.  of  South  Bend.  It  has  a 
church,  a  graded  school,  and  a  salmon  cannery.     Pop.  250. 

Bay'chesHer,  a  station  in  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Harlem  River  Branch  of  the  New  York  <Ss  New  Haven 
Railroad,  8  miles  from  New  York. 

Bay  City,  a  post-village  of  Pope  co..  111.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  about  10  miles  below  Golconda,  and  15  miles  from 
Paducah.  Ky.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bay  City,  the  capital  of  Bay  co.,  Mich.,  is  on  the  right 
or  east  bank  of  the  Saginaw  River,  about  5  miles  from 
Saginaw  Bay,  13  miles  N.  of  East  Saginaw,  78  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Lansing,  and  108  miles  N.N.W.  of  Detroit.  It  is  a  ter- 
minus of  the  Detroit  &  Bay  City,  the  Flint  &  Pere  Mar- 
quette, and  Jackson  &  Lansing,  and  Mackinaw  divisions 
of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroads.  Its  prosperity  is  de- 
rived chiefly  from  the  trade  in  lumber  and  the  manufacture 
of  salt,  250,000,000  feet  of  lumber  being  sawn  here,  and 
500,000  barrels  of  salt  exported  annually.  It  has  26  churches, 
a  public  library,  2  national  banks,  3  other  banks,  and  a  high 
school  edifice  which  cost  $75,000.  The  streets  are  straight, 
and  cross  one  another  at  right  angles.  The  main  avenues 
are  80  or  100  feet  wide.  The  business  portions  of  the  city 
39 


are  substantially  built  of  brick.  Four  bridges  over  the 
river  connect  the  city  with  West  Bay  City  and  Salzburg. 
One  of  these  is  a  railroad  bridge  built  by  the  Michigan 
Central  Railroad  Co.  Three  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.  The  city  is  supplied  with  pure  water 
from  Saginaw  Bay  by  the  Holly  system  of  water-works. 
Bay  City  was  incorporated  in  1865.  Pop.  in  1860,  1583; 
in  1870,  7064;  in  1880,  20,693;  in  1890,  27,839.  On  the 
opposite  bank  of  the  river  is  West  Bay  City;  pop.  12,981. 

bay  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pierce  co.,  Wis.,  on  Lake 
Pepin,  about  9  miles  E.  of  Red  Wing,  Minn.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  lumber  and  turned  articles. 

Bay  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Gwinnett  co.,  Ga. 

Bay  de  Verds,  a  large  fishing  settlement  on  the  north 
side  of  Conception  Bay,  Newfoundland.  The  fishing-grounds 
here  are  the  most  valuable  on  the  island,  employing  over 
200  boats  and  200  seines.  The  harbor  afl"ords  good  shelter. 
Pop.  650. 

Bay  Draw,  a  station  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  New 
Jersey,  at  the  crossing  of  Newark  Bay,  2  miles  N.E.  of 
Elizabethport,  and  7  miles  from  Jersey  City. 

Bay  East  River,  of  Newfoundland,  falls  into  the  Bay 
East  arm  of  Bay  d'Espoir,  about  lat.  47°  50'  N.,  Ion.  55° 
57'  W.  It  consists  of  a  chain  of  lakes  linked  together  by 
rapid  streams,  and  is  one  of  the  largest  of  the  south-flowing 
streams  of  the  island.  The  tributaries  falling  into  the  Bay 
East  River  are  very  numerous. 

Bayender,  bi'en-d^r,  or  Bainder,  bind'§r,  a  town 
of  Asia  Minor,  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Smyrna.     Pop.  2000. 

Bayern,  the  German  for  Bavaria. 

Bayeux,  bi^yuh'  (anc.  Baiocas'sea),  a  city  of  France, 
department  of  Calvados,  at  a  railway  junction,  17  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Caen,  on  the  Aure.  It  has  a  venerable  cathe- 
dral (in  which  is  preserved  the  celebrated  tapestry  of 
Bayeux,  said  to  be  the  work  of  Matilda,  wife  of  William 
the  Conqueror),  a  communal  college,  a  public  library,  a  tri- 
bunal of  commerce,  manufactories  of  lace,  damasks,  calico, 
cotton  yam,  and  percales,  and  a  large  porcelain-factory.  It 
is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  9138. 

Bayfield,  ba'feeld,  a  county  forming  the  N.  extremity 
of  Wisconsin,  has  an  area  of  about  900  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  I?,  and  E.  by  Lake  Superior,  is  partly 
drained  by  Iron  River,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests.  Capital,  Bayfield.  This  county  was  formerly 
called  La  Pointe.  It  comprises  several  islands  in  Lake  Su- 
perior.    Pop.  in  1870,  344;  in  1880,  564  ;  in  1890,  7390. 

Bayfield,  a  post-town  and  summer-resort,  capital  of 
Bayfield  co..  Wis.,  on  Lake  Superior,  12  miles  by  rail  N.  of 
Ashland,  and  about  66  miles  E.  of  Duluth.  It  has  5  churches, 
a  newspaper  ofiice,  and  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  1 373. 

Bayfield,  a  post-village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  on  Lake 
Huron,  at  the  mouth  of  Bayfield  River,  17  miles  from  Sea- 
forth.  It  has  4  churches,  a  savings  bank,  common  schools, 
and  several  stores,  <tc.     Pop.  600. 

Bayfield,  a  post- village  in  Antigonish  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
on  St.  George's  Bay,  54  miles  from  New  Glasgow.  It  has 
a  light-house.     Po]».  250. 

Bay'ham,  or  Rich'mond,  a  post-village  in  Elgin  co., 
Ontario,  on  Big  Otter  Creek,  5  miles  from  Corinth.  It  con- 
tains grist-,  carding-,  saw-,  and  shingle-mills,  and  several 
stores.     Pop.  350. 

Bay'head,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  at  the  bead 
of  Barnegat  Bay,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Toms  River.     Pop.  200. 

Bay  Hundred,  a  post-hamlet  of  Talbot  co.,  Md.,  on  an 
island  in  Chesapeake  Bay,  22  miles  S.S.E.  of  Annapolis. 

Bay  Islands,  a  group  of  small  islands  in  the  Bay  of 
Honduras,  near  the  N.  coast  of  the  state  of  Honduras. 
They  comprise  Ruatan,  Bonacca,  Utilla,  Barburet,  and 
Moret.  The  inhabitants  are  chiefly  colored  emigrants 
from  the  Cayman  Islands.  The  islands  were  ceded  to  Hon- 
duras by  Great  Britain,  but  are  practically  independent. 
Estimated  pop.  5000.  A  trade,  chiefly  in  bananas  and 
cocoa-nuts,  is  carried  on  with  New  Orleans  and  New  York. 

Bayla,  a  town  of  Beloochistan.    See  Bela. 

Baylen,  or  Bailen,  bi-15n',  a  town  of  Spain,  22  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Jaen.  It  has  a  hospital,  a  convent,  glass-works, 
and  a  trade  in  grain  and  wine.     Pop.  7831. 

Bay'less,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Tenn. 

Baylique,  bi-lee'kA,  or  Maniatuba,  mi-ne-a-too'bl, 
an  island  ofi'  the  coast  of  Brazil,  in  the  estuary  of  the  Ama- 
zon, 60  miles  S.  of  Cape  North.     Length,  16  miles. 

Bayiis,  ba'lis,  or  Pine'ville,  a  post-village  of  Pike 
CO.,  III.,  27  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Hannibal,  Mo.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  grain  elevator,  3  stores,  a  planing-mill,  a  wagon-, 
bugg.V-,  and  carriage-factory,  public  schools,  and  a  newspa- 
per office.     Pop.  700. 

Baylor,  ba'lSr,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Texas,  has 


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ui  araa  of  about  900  square  miles.  It  is  intsraeoted  by 
the  Brasos  River.     Capital,  Soyiuour.     Pop.  (1800)  2505. 

Bay  Minette,  min-et',  a  post-hamlet  of  Baldwin  oo., 
Ala.,  on  the  Mobile  A  Montgomery  Railroad,  25  miles  N.E. 
of  Mobile.  It  has  3  oburebea,  a  hotel,  and  a  distillery  of 
turpentine.     Pop.  300. 

Baynesvillet  b^lnx'vil,  a  post- hamlet  of  Westmoreland 
eo.,  Vb.,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Montnms. 

liay  of  Arosa,  &-ro's&,  Spain,  in  Qalioia,  on  the  W. 
coast,  18  milos  S.E.  of  Cape  Finisterre.  Lat.  42°  30'  N. ; 
Ion.  8°  60'  W. 

Bay  of  Bcngalf  b^n-gawl'  (ano.  Gnngtt'icH$  Si'nnt), 
a  part  of  the  Indian  Ooetvn,  extending  between  Hither  and 
Farther  India,  including  the  sea  from  Cape  Negrais  on  tiic 
E.  to  the  delta  of  the  Godavery  on  the  W.,  between  lat.  16° 
20'  and  23°  N.  Its  chief  affluents  are  the  Ganges,  the 
Brahmapootra  or  Megna,  and  the  Godavery.  The  Sea  of 
Bengal,  which  is  sometimes  described  as  a  part  of  the  bay, 
extends  to  lat.  8°  N.,  between  the  islands  of  Ceylon  and 
Junk-Ccylon.  Depth  from  4  to  60  fathoms,  from  the  delta 
to  a  distance  of  100  miles.  The  tide  in  the  Bay  of  Bengal, 
£.  of  the  mouth  of  the  Megna,  according  to  Dr.  Hooker, 
■omctimes  rises  70  and  oven  8U  feet. 

Bay  of  Betanzos,  b&-t&n'thooe,  in  Spain,  an  inlet 
of  the  Atlantic ;  its  branches  form  the  harbors  of  Ferrol  and 
Corunna. 

Bay  of  Bis'cay  (Fr.  Golfe  de  Gascogne,  golf  d^h  gis^- 
koil' ;  ano.  Aquitan'icua  Si'nua  and  Gal'licui  Oce'anua),  a 
bay  of  the  Atlantic,  extending  from  Ushant  Island,  on  the 
W.  coast  of  France,  to  Cape  Ortegal,  on  the  N.  coast  of 
Spain.  It  receives  the  waters  of  the  Loire,  Charente,  Gi- 
ronde,  and  Adour.  Its  principal  ports  are  Lorient,  Nantes, 
La  Rochelle,  Rochefort,  Bordeaux,  and  Bayonne,  in  France ; 
Pasages,  St.  Sebastian,  Bilbao,  Santander,  and  Gijon,  in 
Spain.  Chief  islands,  Belleisle,  R6,  and  Oleron,  on  the 
coast  of  France.  Its  N.  and  S.  coasts  are  bold  and  rocky ; 
but  on  the  E.,  from  the  mouth  of  the  Gironde  to  the 
Adour,  the  coast  is  composed  of  sand  dunes  and  interrupted 
by  numerous  lagoons.  The  depth  varies  from  20  fathoms 
on  the  W.  of  France  to  200  fathoms  on  the  N.  of  Spain. 
Navigation  is  much  impeded  by  the  heavy  seas  produced 
by  N.W.  winds  and  by  a  current  {Rennel'a)  which  sets  in 
from  the  Atlantic,  and,  sweeping  round  the  northern  const 
of  Spain,  runs  N.  and  N.W.  along  the  western  coast  of 
France  and  enters  the  Irish  Channel. 

Bay  of  Bulls*  Newfoundland.    See  Bay  Bulls. 

Bay  of  Cadiz,  ka'diz,  an  extensive  inlet  of  the  At- 
lantic, on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Spain,  province  of  Cadiz,  about 
lat.  36°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  6°  15'  W.,  bounded  S.W.  by  the 
peninsula  of  Cadiz,  5  miles  in  length,  and  divided  into  an 
outer  and  an  inner  bay  by  the  promontory  and  fort  of  Mata- 
gorda. In  the  islet  of  La  Caraoa,  on  its  £.  side,  are  im- 
portant arsenals  and  ship-building  yards. 

Bay  of  Cagliari,  Kil'yi-re,  a  bay  of  the  Mediterra- 
nean, on  the  S.  coast  of  the  island  of  Sardinia,  between 
Capes  Pula  and  Carbonaro,  about  27  miles  in  breadth  at  its 
mouth.  It  affords  secure  anchorage.  It  has  artificial  salt- 
erns, which  yield  about  6000  tons  of  salt  annually. 

Bay  of  Chaleurs,  shi'loorz'  (or  Chaleur,  shi^oor'), 
(Fr.  Jiaie  des  Chaleurs,  hk  di  shiMuK'),  an  inlet  of  the 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  Canada,  having  the  province  of 
Quebec  on  the  N.,  and  New  Brunswick  on  the  S.  It 
measures  90  miles  from  E.  to  W. ;  maximum  breadth,  20 
miles.  It  is  everywhere  deep  and  well  sheltered,  and  is 
much  frequented  for  its  mackerel-fisheries. 

Bay  of  Dragomestre,  dri'go-mfis'tri,  in  Greece,  is 
■heltered  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Dragonera  Islands. 

Bay  of  Fonseca.    See  Gulp  op  Conchagua. 

Bay  of  Fun'dy,  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantic,  separating 
Nova  Scotia  from  New  Brunswick.  Length,  nearly  170 
miles;  breadth,  varying  from  30  to  50  miles.  At  its  upper 
extremity  are  Chignecto  Bay  and  Minas  Channel,  leading  to 
Minivs  Bivsin.  Passamaquoddy  Bay  opens  into  it  near  its 
mouth.  The  Bay  of  Fundy  is  deep,  but  its  navigation  is 
dangerous.  The  tides,  which  here  rise  to  the  height  of  71 
feet,  rush  in  with  such  rapidity  that  swine  are  often  over- 
taken and  drowned  while  feeding  on  shell-fish.  It  comprises 
the  Grand  Manan  and  Long  Islands,  and  receives  the  St. 
John  and  St.  Croix  Rivers.  The  city  of  St.  John  is  on  its 
north  coast. 

Bay  of  Gibraltar,  j?-brawl't?r,  Spain,  is  formed  by 
Europa  Point  on  the  E.  and  Point  St.  Garcia  on  the  W. 
It  is  about  6  miles  in  length  and  i^t  miles  in  breadth,  with 
depths  varying  from  4  to  260  feet.  The  tide  rises  4  and  5 
feet.  The  shijiping  is  protected  on  the  British  side  by  two 
formidable  moles,  called  the  Old  and  the  New  Mole,  one  on 
Uie  N.  and  tho  other  on  th^  S.  side  of  the  town  of  Gibraltar. 


The  former  runs  1100  feet  into  the  sea;  the  latter  700  feet, 
An  elbow  formo<l  by  the  shore  affords  shelter  for  large  ve» 
sels  in  winter,  the  farthest  out  lying  in  6  and  6  fiiihoni.i. 
Opposite  the  town  of  Gibraltar,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  buy,  ia 
the  Spanish  town  of  Algcciras. 

Bay  of  Good  Hope,  a  bay  of  Alaska,  in  lat.  66°  30' 
N.,  Ion.  161°  to  104°  W.,  at  the  termination  of  Kot/.cbue 
Sound.     It  contains  Chamissy  Inland. 

Bay  of  Honduras,  hun-doo'r&s,  a  wide  inlet  of  the 
Caribbean  Sea,  mostly  between  lat.  16°  and  20°  N.  nnJ  Ion. 
84°  and  88°  W.,  having  S.  Guatemala  and  llondurnx,  and 
W.  Balize  and  Yucatan.  It  receives  the  Belize,  Motngim, 
and  numerous  other  rivers,  and  contains  the  Bay  I»liinJi<, 
with  a  multitude  of  islets  and  reefs,  termed  keys. 

Bay  (or  Gulf)  of  Iskandcroon'  (anc.  ^SV'hk*  /d'./cin) 
extends  inland  for  45  miles  at  the  angle  between  Syria 
and  Asia  Minor,  and  on  its  shores  are  tho  Amanian  gates 
of  the  ancients,  the  ruins  of  Baise  and  iEgic,  and  tho 
plains  of  Issus,  where  Darius  was  defeated  by  Alexntidcr, 

Bay  of  Islands,  a  large,  deep,  and  safe  harbor  nenr 
the  N.  extremity  of  North  Island,  Now  Zealand,  lat.  .$0°  M' 
S.,  Ion.  174°  11'  E.,  is  much  visited  by  American  whale- 
ships.  On  its  southern  side  is  the  port  and  town  of  Russell, 
with  a  United  States  consul. 

Bay  of  Islands,  a  large  bay  formed  by  tho  Gulf  o( 
St.  Lawrence,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Newfoundland,  north  of 
St.  George's  Bay.  Lat.  49°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  58°  15'  W.  It  re- 
ceives on  tho  S.E.  the  Ilumber,  and  encloses  a  great  number 
of  small  islands. 

Bay  of  Islands,  a  settlement  on  a  large  bny  on  the 
western  coast  of  Newfoundland,  forming  part  of  what  is 
called  the  French  shore,  55  miles  N.E.  of  Cape  St.  George. 
The  herring-fishery  forms  the  chief  industry  of  the  j)Co))le 
of  this  district,  about  30,000  barrels  being  annually  tiiken. 
Gypsum  in  exhaustless  quantities,  and  limestone  and  mar- 
ble, are  found  in  the  vicinity.     Pop,  947. 

Bay  of  Islands  Lake,  a  large  lake  of  Newfound- 
land, drained  by  the  river  Humber. 

Bay  of  Livadostro,  liv-i-dos'tro,  Greece,  is  the  N.E. 
termination  of  the  Gulf  of  Corinth,  14  miles  in  length  by 
9  miles  in  average  breadth. 

Bay  of  Nipe,  nee'pi,  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Cuba,  S.E. 
of  Puerto  Naranjo.  Lat.  20°  45'  N.j  Ion.  75°  30'  W.  It 
is  easy  of  entrance,  and  could  hold  all  the  fleets  of  Europe. 

Bay  of  Ovari,  Owari,  o-v4'ree,  called  also  Iscno 
Umi,  an  inlet  on  the  S.  side  of  the  island  of  Hondo,  Japan. 
Length,  25  miles;  greatest  breadth,  20  miles.  Niigoya,  a 
town  on  its  shores,  is  the  capital  of  the  province  of  Uvari. 

Bay  of  Plen'ty,  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  North  Island, 
New  Zealand,  between  Cape  Runaway  and  Point  Mercury, 
has  a  central  width  of  about  60  miles. 

Bay  of  Quinte,  a  large  inlet  of  Ontario,  west  of 
Kingston,  between  the  peninsula  of  Prince  Edward  on  the 
S.  and  the  mainland  on  the  N.  Length,  through  tho 
various  crooked  turns  it  makes,  about  60  miles;  breadth 
varies  between  6  and  12  miles.  An  isthmus  of  a  mile  at  its 
W.  extremity  separates  the  bay  from  Lake  Ontario. 

Bay  of  Saint  Mag'nus,  a  bay  on  the  W.  coast  of 
the  mainland  of  Shetland,  in  Scotland.  It  is  Si  miles  widfl 
at  its  entrance,  expands  to  11  miles,  and  runs  7  miles  in- 
land.     The  island  of  Pnpa-Stour  is  at  its  mouth. 

Bay  (or  Gulf)  of  Spezia,  sp5d'ze-S,  (anc.  Por'tw 
Lti'nse  f),  in  Italy,  is  7  miles  in  length,  and  from  2  to  6 
miles  wide.  It  presents  fine  scenery,  contains  the  quaran- 
tine station  for  Genoa,  and  on  the  W.  side  of  its  entrance 
are  the  islands  of  Palmaria  and  Tino. 

Bay  of  Vigo,  vee'go,  Spain,  in  Galicia,  S.  of  that  of 
Pontevedra,  is  about  20  miles  in  length  by  5  miles  across  at 
its  mouth,  and  contains  the  islands  of  Bayona  and  Estelas. 

Bayona,  b4-yo'ni,  a  seaport  of  Spain,  13  miles  S.W.  of 
Vigo.  Pop.  1367.  The  island  of  Bavona  or  Cies  {Iii>ula 
CU-k)  is  in  the  Bay  of  Vigo,  6  miles  N.W.  of  the  town. 

Bayonne,  bi^j-onn'  (anc.  Lapur'dum),  a  fortified  city 
of  France,  near  its  S.W.  extremity,  department  of  Basaes- 
Pyr6nde8,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Adour  and  Nive,  which 
separate  it  into  three  quarters,  Great  and  Little  Bayonne 
and  the  suburb  of  St.  Esprit,  3  miles  from  the  sea,  and  18 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  the  Spanish  frontier  at  Fontarabia. 
Lat.  43°  29'  29"  N.;  Ion.  1°  28'  33"  W.  It  is  well  built 
and  agreeably  situated,  with  handsome  quays  and  prome- 
nades. Its  cathedral  is  small  and  of  the  twelfth  century, 
and  its  citadel  is  one  of  the  finest  works  of  N'auban.  It  ii|ft 
bishop's  see,  and  has  a  mint,  theatre,  schools  of  commerrN 
and  navigation,  naval  and  commercial  docks,  tribunal  and 
chamber  of  commerce,  distilleries,  sugar-refineries,  and 
glass-works,  with  export  trade  in  timber,  tar,  cork,  hams, 
chocolate,  liqueurs,  and  cream  of  tartar.     Pop.  27,175. 


BAY 


608 


»AT 


Bayoune^  ba-yon',  a  city  of  Hudson  co.,  N.J.,  is  finely 
situated  on  New  York  and  Newark  Bays,  about  6  miles  S.W. 
of  New  York.  It  comprises  the  former  villages  of  Bergen 
Point,  Centreville,  Bayonne,  and  Salterville  (Pamrapo),  each 
having  a  railway  station  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  New 
i  Jersey,  which  runs  through  the  city.  Bayonne  contains  15 
churches,  6  public  schools,  color-works,  paint- work8,chemical 
works,  petroleum-refineries,  and  2  newspaper  oflSces.  The 
Port  Johnson  Coal  Docks  are  situated  on  the  Kill  van  Kull, 
near  Bergen  Point  Station,  where  several  hundred  hands 
are  employed  in  receiving  and  shipping  coal.  Bayonne  lies 
S.  of  Jersey  City,  being  separated  therefrom  by  the  Morris 
Canal,  and  opposite  Staten  Island,  from  which  it  is  separated 
by  the  Kill  van  Kull.  About  80  trains  run  each  way  daily 
between  Bayonne  and  New  York.     Pop.  in  1890,  19,033. 

Bayou,  bi'oo,  or,  more  usually,  bl'o,  a  term  confined 
chiefly  to  the  states  of  Louisiana,  Texas,  and  Arkansas,  sig- 
nifying properly  any  stream  whj;h  is  derived  from  some 
other  stream  or  from  a  lake ;  in  other  words,  any  stream 
which  is  not  fed  by  fountains.  This  term,  however,  is 
gometimes  given  to  tidal  channels  near  the  coast,  or  even 
loosely  applied  to  streams  of  a  different  description  :  it  may 
then  be  regarded  as  equivalent  to  "  creek"  in  its  American 
signification.  Bayou  is  supposed  to  be  a  corruption  of  the 
French  boyav,  a  "  gut"  or  "  channel." 

Bayou,  bi'oo,  a  township  of  Ozark  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  480. 

Bayou  Bar'bary,  a  post-oflSce  and  store  of  Livingston 
parish.  La.,  on  a  stream  of  the  same  name,  which  is  an  afflu- 
ent of  the  Amite  River,  2  miles  from  a  steamboat-landing. 

Bayou  Bridge,  a  station  on  the  Mississippi  Valley  & 
Ship  Island  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Vicksburg,  Miss. 

Bayou  Chene,  shain,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Martin's 
parish,  La.,  about  45  miles  N.W.  of  Morgan  City.  It  has 
manufactures  of  sugar. 

Bayou  Chicot,  she'ko',  a  post-village  of  St.  Landry 
parish.  La.,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Opelousas. 

Bayou  Gonia,  gooMah',  a  post-village  of  Iberville 
parish.  La.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  32  miles  below 
Baton  Rouge,  and  73  miles  by  rail  from  New  Orleans.  It 
has  2  churches,  lumber-mills,  and  stores. 

Bayou  Labatre,  li-bi'tr,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mobile 
CO.,  Ala.,  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  9  miles  S.  of  St.  Elmo 
Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bayou  La  Chute  (shoot),  post-office,  Caddo  parish.  La. 

Bayou  Lacombe,  li'kim',  a  post-village  of  St.  Tam- 
many parish,  La.,  on  a  navigable  bayou,  9  miles  E.  of  Man- 
deville,  and  about  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  New  Orleans.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  saw-mill,  and  several  stores. 

Bayon  Mallet,  mini',  a  hamlet  of  St.  Landry  parish. 
La.,  36  miles  N.W.  of  New  Iberia.  It  has  2  stores  and  a 
tannery. 

Bayou  Me'toe,  a  post-office  of  Arkansas  co..  Ark. 

Bayou  Metoe,  a  station  of  Lonoke  co..  Ark.,  on  the 
Memphis  &  Little  Rock  Railroad,  18  miles  E.  of  Little  Rock, 
and  on  a  stream  of  the  same  name. 

Bayou  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Livingston  co.,  Ky. 

Bayou  Sara,  si'rS,',  a  post-village,  capital  of  West 
Feliciana  parish.  La.,  on  the  Mississippi,  36  miles  above 
Baton  Rouge,  and  25  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Woodville,  Miss. 
It  is  a  shipping-place  for  cotton.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop. 
in  1890,  608.  It  is  contiguous  to  St.  Francisvillo,  which, 
prior  to  1880,  was  the  capital  of  the  parish. 

Bayou  Tunica,  post-office,  West  Feliciana  parish.  La. 

Baypoor,  or  Baipur,  bi-poor',  a  seaport  of  British 
India,  in  Madras,  on  the  W.  coast,  15  miles  S.  of  Calicut. 

Bay'port,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co..  Conn.,  at  Cos 
Cob  Station  of  the  New  York,  New  Haven  A  Hartford  Rail- 
road, 30  miles  from  New  York.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Bay  Port,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hernando  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  about  110  miles  S.W.  of  Palatka.  It  has 
an  orange-grove,  and  is  a  depot  for  cedar  timber.     Pop.  50. 

Bay  Port,  a  post-village  of  Huron  co.,  Mich.,  on  Sag- 
inaw Bay,  in  Fairhaven  and  Cassville  townships,  40  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Bay  City.     It  has  2  lumber-mills  and  a  salt- well. 

Bay'port,  a  post-village  of  SuflTolk  co.,  N.Y'.,  in  Islip 
township,  on  the  southern  shore  of  Long  Island,  and  on 
the  South  Side  Railroad,  53  miles  E.  of  Brooklyn.  It  has 
a  church,  2  ship-yards,  and  fish-oil  works.     Pop.  700. 

Bay  Port,  a  post-hamlet  of  Middlesex  co.,  Va.,  on 
an  inlet  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  23  miles  E.  of  West  Point.  It 
has  a  steamboat-landing. 

Bayreuth,  a  city  of  Bavaria.    See  Baireuth. 

Bay  Ridge,  a  post-village  and  railroad  station  of 
Kings  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  New  York  Bay,  7  miles  from  New  York 
City.  It  has  2  churches,  an  inebriates'  home,  manufactures 
of  straw  hats,  and  many  fine  residences. 

Bay  River,  or  Stone'Avall,  a  post-village  of  Pamlico 


CO.,  N.C.,  15  miles  E.  by  N.  of  New-Berne.  It  is  on  Bay 
River,  an  inlet  of  Pamlico  Sound.  It  has  a  church,  an 
academy,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Bay  Roberts,  a  thriving  post-village  on  Conception 
Bay,  Newfoundland,  8  miles  S.  of  Harbor  Grace.  It  is  a 
port  of  entry.     Pop.  1000. 

Bay  St.  Louis,  formerly  Shieldsborough,  a  thr- 
ving  post-town  and  watering-place,  the  capital  of  Hancock 
CO.,  Miss.,  on  a  bay  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  on  the  New 
Orleans  <fe  Mobile  Railroad,  52  miles  E.N.E.  of  New  Orleans. 
It  has  5  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  convent,  and  a  com- 
mercial college.  Here  is  a  railroad  bridge  across  the  Bay 
of  St.  Louis.     Pop.  about  2400. 

Bay  Set'tlement,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  co.,  Wi?., 
on  Green  Bay,  5  miles  N.E.  of  the  city  of  Green  Bay.  It 
has  a  church. 

Bay^shore',  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Great  South  Bay,  and  on  the  South  Side  Railroad,  41  miles 
E.  of  Brooklyn.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  public  schools, 
newspaper  offices,  a  grist-mill,  and  several  stores.  Pop.  2290. 

Bay  Shore,  a  settlement  in  Kent  co.,  New  Brunswick, 
5  miles  from  Buctouche.     Pop.  300. 

Bay  Side,  a  station  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.J.,  on  Dela- 
ware Bay,  at  the  S.W.  terminus  of  the  Vineland  Railroad, 
10  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Bridgeton.  Here  is  a  8ha4-fishery, 
in  which  about  50  boats  are  employed. 

Bay  Side,  a  post-village  in  Flushing  township,  Queenn 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Flushing  &  North  Side  Railroad,  3  miles 
E.  of  Flushing.  It  is  near  a  bay  which  opens  into  Long 
Island  Sound. 

Bayside,  Westmoreland  CO.,  New  Brunswick.  See  Reed. 

Bay  Side  View,  a  station  in  Cumberland  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Bridgeton  &  Port  Norris  Railroad,  near  the  mouth  of 
Maurice  River,  and  on  Delaware  Bay. 

Bay  Spring,  a  pos^t-hamlet  of  Chesterfield  co.,  S.C., 
15  miles  S.  of  Chesterfield  Court-Houge. 

Bay  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Charlevoix  co.,  Mich., 
5  miles  W.  of  Boyne  Falls.  It  has  a  church,  a  lumber- 
mill,  woollen-factory,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  300. 

Bay  State,  a  village  of  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  in  North 
ampton  township,  1  mile  from  Florence.  It  has  a  chapel, 
a  graded  school,  a  paper-mill,  tack-works,  and  the  factory 
of  the  Northampton  Cutlery  Company. 

Bays'water,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Middlesex, 
on  the  Uxbridge  Road,  4  miles  W.  of  St.  Paul's,  now  in- 
cluded in  London. 

Bay'town,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Minn.,  on 
Lake  St.  Croix.  Pop.  920.  It  contains  South  Stillwater 
and  Oak  Park. 

Bay  Vertc,  or  Baie  Verte,  bi  vfint,  a  bay  on  the  S. 
side  of  Northumberland  Strait,  forming  part  of  the  boundary 
between  New  Brunswick  and  Nova  Scotia.  Between  the 
head  of  this  bay  and  Cumberland  Basin  is  an  isthmus  11 
miles  wide. 

Bay  View,  a  post-office  of  Hillsborough  co.,  Fla. 

Bay  View,  a  station  in  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Philadelphia,  Wilmington  &  Baltimore  Railroad^  4  milea 
N.E.  of  Baltimore. 

Bay  View',  a  post-hamlet  of  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  near  Chesa- 
peake Bay,  3  miles  from  North  East,  and  27  miles  AV.S.AY. 
of  Wilmington,  Del.     It  has  a  church  and  2  woollen-mills. 

Bay  View,  a  post-office  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  is  on  the 
sea-coast  in  the  N.  part  of  the  city  of  Gloucester,  5  miles 
from  Gloucester  Railroad  Station.  Here  are  quarries  of 
fine  granite,  and  a  church. 

Bay  View,  a  station  in  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Lake  Erie, 
and  on  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  about  7  miles  S.  of  Buffalo. 

Bay  View,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northampton  co.,  Va.,  on 
Chesapeake  Bay,  about  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Norfolk.  It  has 
a  church. 

Bay  View,  a  village  in  Door  co..  Wis.,  in  Sturgeon 
Bay  township,  separated  by  Sturgeon  Bay  from  the  town  of 
that  name. 

Bay  View,  a  post-village  of  Milwaukee  co..  Wis.,  on 
Lake  Michigan,  2  miles  S.  of  Milwaukee.  It  is  on  the 
Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
rolling-mill,  blast-furnaces,  kc. 

Bay  Village,  a  post-village  of  Cross  co..  Ark.,  40  miles 
from  Forrest  City.     It  has  a  church,  foundry,  grist-mill,  Ac. 

Bay'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  and  a 
station  on  the  Toms  River  &  Waretown  Railroad,  4  milea 
S.  of  Toms  River.     It  has  a  church. 

Bayville,  a  post-office  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y. 

Bay'way,  a  station  in  Union  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  New 
Y''ork  and  Long  Branch  Railroad,  2  miles  S.  of  Eliaabcth- 
port. 

Bay7e,  a  river  of  France.    See  Bais» 


BAZ 


G04 


BEA 


Baza,  b&'lhi  (ano.  Bai'ti),  a  oitjr  of  Spain,  Andalusia, 
ft3  uiilos  K.N.E.  of  Granada.  It  has  a  hoxpital,  oollcge,  and 
prison.     It  is  fainod  in  early  Spiinisli  iiistory.     Pop.  7272. 

Bazaar,  b^-tar',  a  post-township  of  Chase  co.,  Kansas, 
15  miles  S.W.  of  Kinporia.     Pop.  304. 

Bazaar  of  the  Armenians.  Soo  Aruianskoi-Bazar. 

Bnzadois,  b&'z&MnrJl',  an  old  division  of  France,  now 
eomprisod  in  the  departments  of  Gironde  and  Lot-et-Ga- 
ronno.     It<i  capitul  was  Bacas. 

Bazar-Knun,  b&'zar-K&n',  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  68 
miles  N.  of  Makrco,  is  a  mart  for  surrounding  villages. 

Bazaruto  (bjl-z&-roo'to)  Islands,  on  the  K.  coast  of 
Africa,  110  miles  S.  of  Sofala.     Lat.  21°  37'  S. ;  Ion.  36°  E. 

Bazas,  b&*z&'  (ano.  Cot'tium,  afterwards  Vata'lee),  a 
town  of  Franco,  department  of  Gironde,  on  a  railway,  37 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Bordeaux,  on  the  Beure.     Pop.  9634. 

Bnzeillcs,  b&^zail'  or  b&^z&'yQh,  a  village  of  France, 
department  of  Ardennes,  2  miles  from  Sedan.     Pop.  2048. 

liazdle,  a  village  of  Belgium.     See  Basele. 

Bazct'ta,  a  township  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.  Pop.  1240. 
.  It  contains  the  village  of  Cortland. 

Bazette,  bij-zCt',  a  post-village  of  Navarro  co.,  Tex., 
14  miles  E.  of  Coraicana,  and  4  miles  W.  of  Trinity  River. 
It  has  4  churches. 

Bazile  (ba-zeel')  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co., 
Neb.,  40  miles"S.W.  of  Yankton.  S.D.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  bank,  GermAii  and  English  schools,  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop. 
125. 

Bazin,  b&-cin',  or  Bez^inek'  (Qer.  Bating,  bS'sing),  a 
town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  II  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Pres- 
burg,  with  mineral  springs  and  baths.     Pop.  4300. 

Bazine,  b^-zeen',  a  post-village  of  Ness  co.,  Kansas,  30 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Ellis  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Bazira,  Afghanistan.     See  Bajaur. 

Bazoche-Gouet,  bi'zosh'  goo'4',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Eure-et-Loir,  near  Nogcnt-lo-Rotrou.     Pop.  2037. 

Bazouges-la-P^rpuse,  b&^zoozh'  li  paVooz',  a  town 
of  France,  department  of  Ille-et-Vilaine,  17  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Fougdres.     Pop.  4160. 

Bazzano,  l^&t-s&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  11  miles  N.  of 
Bologna.     Pop.  2918. 

Beach,  a  township  of  Mower  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  101. 

Beach  Bluff,  a  station  in  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Swnrapscott  &  Marblehead  Branch  of  the  Eastern  Railroad, 

2  miles  from  Swampscott. 

Beach'bnr^,  or  Soutji  West'meath,  a  post-village, 
Renfrew  co.,  Ontario,  15  miles  from  Pembroke.     Pop.  200. 

Beach  City,  a  post-village  of  Stark  co.,  0.,  in  Sugar 
Creek  township,  op  Uie  ClevelAnd,  Tuscarawas  Valley  & 
Wheeling  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Massillon.    It  has  a  bank, 

3  churches,  a  high  school,  a  flour-mill,  a  planipg-mill>  a 
newspaper  office,  and  a  brick-kijn.     Pop.  abopt  550. 

Beach'es  Corner,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y. 

Beach  Glen,  a  hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  on  the' 
Eibernia  Mine  Railroad,  3  miles  N.N.E.  of  Rockaway. 

Beach  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Walker  co.,  Ala.,  44 
miles  N.  of  Tufcaloosa. 

Beach  Ila'ven,  a  po?t-borough  and  summer  resort  of 
Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  is  on  the  Atlimtic  Ocean,  iij  Eaglewood 
township,  and  on  Long  Beach,  7  miles  E.  of  Tuckerton.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  public  school,  and  a  hotel,  with  room  for 
300  guests.  Long  Beach  Is  a  narrow  island,  separated  from 
the  maioland  by  Tuckerton  Bay,  in  which  fish  and  oysters 
abound. 

Bea>^h  Haven,  a  post-village  of  Salem  township, 
Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the 
Lackawaina  &  Bloomsburg  Railroad,  24  miles  S.W.  of 
Wilkesbaire.     It  has  2  churches,  a  steam  flour-mill,  <fec. 

Beach  Isle,  off'  the  coast  of  Hancock  ce.,  Me.    Pop.  9. 

Beach  Land,  a  hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Miss.,  9  miles 
from  Bovinv  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Beach'mont,  a  station  in  Suff°olk  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
sea-shore,  and  on  the  Boston,  Revere  Beach  &  Lynn  Rail- 
road, 3  miles  N.E.  of  Boston. 

Beach  Pond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co..  Pa.,  8  miles 
R.N.E.  of  Iloncsdale.     It  has  2  churches. 

Beach  Ridge,  a  post-office  at  Hall's  Station,  Niagara 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  about  20  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Buff"alo. 

Beach  View,  a  station  in  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Tuck- 
erton Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Tuckerton. 

Beach'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Metcalfe  co.,  Ky.,  abont 
8  miles  N.  of  Edmonton.     It  has  sulphur  springs. 

Benchville,  a  post-office  of  Williamson  co.,  Tenn. 

Beachviiie,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Great  Western  Railroad,  22  miles  E.  of  London.  It 
contains  3  churches  and  several  mills.     Pop.  200. 


Beachy  (bcech'eo)  Head,  a  heal'and  on  the  S.  coast 
of  England,  projecting  into  the  English  Channel,  2^  niilea 
S.8.W.  of  Eastbourne.     It  consists  of  chalk  cliffs,   rining 

Eorpendioularly  to  564  feet  above  the  sea,  and  has  a  lighu 
ouse.     Lat.  60°  44'  N. ;  Ion.  0°  13'  E. 

Beacon,  be'kQn,  a  post-village  of  Mahaska  oo.,  Iowa, 
2  miles  from  Oskaloosa  Station.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
graded  school.     Coal  is  rained  here.     Pop.  670. 

Beacon  Falls,  a  post-village  of  New  Haven  co.,Conn., 
on  the  Naugatuck  River,  9  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Waterbury. 
It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  and  a  woollen-manufaotory. 

Beacon  Hill, or  Old  Beacon, amountain  in  Dutch- 
ess CO.,  N.Y.,  near  Fishkill,  is  one  of  the  highext  sutniiiits 
of  the  Highlands,  having  an  elevation  of  about  1470  feet. 

Beaconsfield,  bee'kpnz-feeld  or  bSk'^ns-feeld,  a  town 
of  England,  co.  of  Bucks,  23  miles  W.N.W.  of  London. 
Pop.  1624. 

Bea'consfield,  a  post-village  of  Ringgold  oo.,  Iowa, 
33  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Humeaton,  and  80  miles  E.  of  Shen- 
andoah.    It  has  2  churches. 

Beacull,  bee^kull'  (native  Viacula),  a  fort  and  small 
town  of  British  India,  presidency  of  Madras,  on  the  Mala- 
bar coast,  95  miles  N.W.  of  Calicut. 

Beadle,  bee'd'l,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of 
South  Dakota.  Area,  1235  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  Dakota  River.  Capital,  Huron.  Pop.  in  1880,  1290; 
in  1890,  9686. 

Beadle  Hill,  or  Beadley's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of 
Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Eiiston  township,  2i  miles  from 
West  Cambridge  Railroad  Station.  It  has  about  26  dwell- 
ings.    Here  is  South  Easton  Post-Office. 

Beagle  (beo'g'l)  Bank,  an  extensive  coral  sand-bnnk 
on  the  N.W.  coast  of  Australia.     Lat.  16°  S. ;  Ion.  123°  K. 

Beagle  Island  and  lleef,  an  island  on  the  coast  of 
South  Australia,  about  60  miles  N.N.W.  from  the  entrance 
into  Spencer's  Gulf.     Lat.  34°  49'  S. ;  Ion.  134°  49'  E. 

Beale,  heel,  a  township  of  Juniata  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1039 
It  contains  Academia. 

Bealeton,  b'cel'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fauquier  co.,  Va , 
on  the  Washington  City,  Virginia  Midland  A  Great  Southern 
Railroad,  54  miles  S.W.  of  Washington.     It  has  a  church. 

Bcaletown,  beel'tSwn,  a  hamlet  of  Juniata  co.,  Pa., 
in  Tuscarora  township,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Port  Royal.  It  has 
grist-  and  saw-mills.     Here  is  Honey  Grove  Post-Office. 

Bcall's  (belz)  Mills,  apost-offlcc  of  Gilmer  co.,  W.  Va. 

Beallsvillc,  Frederick  co.,  Md,     See  Harmony. 

Beallsville,  belz'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co., 
Md.,  2i  miles  from  Barnesville  Station,  and  about  32  miles 
N.W.  of  Washington,  D.C.     Pop.  about  40. 

Beallsville,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  0.,  30  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Bellaire,  and  13  miles  N.E.  of  Woodsfield. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  a  flour-mill,  a  steam  saw- 
mill, and  several  stores  and  business  houses.     Pop.  321. 

Beallsville,  a  post-borough  of  Washingten  co..  Pa.,  15 
miles  S.W.  of  Washington.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  several  stores  and  other  business  con- 
cerns.    Pop.  about  500. 

B.eal'ton,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk  co.,  Ontario,  7  milei 
from  Waterford.     Pop.  100. 

BeaI'vilie,  a  station  in  Kern  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Southern 
Pacific  Railroad,  89  miles  S.E.  of  Tulare. 

Beaman,  bee'man,  a  post-village  of  Grundy  co.,  Iowa, 
10  miles  by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Liscomb.     It  has  a  church. 

Beaman,  a  post-village  and  station  of  Pettis  co.,  Mo., 
in  Bowling  Green  township,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  <fc 
Texas  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Sedalia.  It  was  formerly 
called  Buncombe,  and  the  post-office  Marlin. 

Beam'er's  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  W.  Va.,  7 
miles  from  Ronceverte.  It  has  a  lumber-mill  and  a  woollen- 
manufactory. 

Beaminster,  bce'min-st?r,  a  market-town  of  England; 
CO.  of  Dorset,  on  the  Birt,  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Dorchester. 
It  is  a  handsome  town,  and  has  manufactures  of  sail-cloth, 
tin,  iron,  copper,  and  earthenwares.     Pop.  of  parish,  25S5. 

Beam's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Cleveland  co.,  N.C.,  5 
miles  from  Cherryville  Station.     Here  is  a  flour-mill. 

Beamsville,  beemz'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Darke  co.,  0., 
about  1  mile  from  Dawn  Railroad  Station. 

Beamsville,  a  post-village  in  Lincoln  co.,  Ontario,  22 
miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Hamilton.  It  has  an  iron-foundry, 
saw-mills,  a  distillery,  a  potash-factory,  and  several  carriage- 
factories.     Pop.  1000. 

Beamville,  beem'vll,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.. 
Pa.,  in  Jeff"erson  township,  3  miles  from  Pine  Creek  Railroad 
Station.     It  has  3  churches. 

Bean  Blos'som,  the  name  of  the  post-office  at  George- 
town, Brown  co.,  Ind. 


BEA 


60^ 


1i¥,\ 


Bean  Blossom,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
-1316.     It  includes  Mt.  Tabor  and  Stinesville. 

Bean  Blossom  Creek,  Indiana,  rises  in  Brown  co., 
runs  westward,  and  enters  the  AVest  Fork  of  White  River 
at  the  N.W.  corner  of  Monroe  co. 

1  Bean  Creek,  or  Tiffin  River,  rises  in  the  southern 
part  of  Michigan,  runs  southward  into  Ohio,  intersects 
Fulton  and  Williams  cos.,  and  enters  the  Maumee  River  at 
Defiance.     It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Bean  Hill,  a  village  of  New  London  co..  Conn.,  in 
Norwich  township,  1  mile  from  Yantic  Railroad  Station. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  2  manufactories  of  blankets  and 
flannels.     A  street-railway  connects  it  with  Norwich. 

Bean's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co..  Me., 

2  miles  from  Wilton  Railroad  Station,  and  about  30  miles 
N.W.  of  Augusta.     It  has  a  church. 

Bean's  Cove,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co.,  Pa. 

Bean's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grainger  co.,  Tenn., 
10  miles  from  Morristown,  and  about  35  miles  N.E.  of  Knox- 
ville.  It  has  a  church.  Here  is  a  summer  resort  called 
Mineral  Hill. 

Bean'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Charles  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Potomac  Railroad  (Pope's  Creek  Branch),  57 
miles  S.  of  Baltimore.     Near  here  are  2  churches. 

Beanville,  New  York.    See  Shongo. 

Bear,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ark.,  near 
Bear  Mountain,  12  miles  AV.  of  Ilot  Springs.  It  has  a 
church  and  manufactures  of  chairs  and  lumber.     Pop.  100. 

Bear,  a  station  in  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  on  the  New 
Castle  &  Frenchtown  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Wilmington. 

Beara,  be-i'ri,  a  considerable  town  of  British  India,  40 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Surat. 

Bear  Branch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ohio  co.,  Ind.,  about 
22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Madison.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bear  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Linn  co.,  Mo.,  10  miles 
from  Brookfieid. 

Bear  Branch,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Tenn. 

Bear  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Wyoming  co.,  W.  Ya. 

Bear  Brook,  a  post-village  in  Russell  co.,  Ontario,  10 
miles  from  Cumberland.     Pop.  100. 

Bear  Camp,  a  hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  N.H.,  on  the 
Great  Falls  <fc  North  Conway  Railroad,  20  miles  S.  of  North 
Conway.     It  has  a  steam  saw-mill  and  8  or  10  houses. 

Bear  Camp  River,  in  Carroll  co.,  in  the  E.  part  of 
New  Hampshire,  falls  into  Ossipee  Lake. 

Bear  Canon,  kan'yon,  a  post-office  of  Douglas  co., 
Col.,  about  28  miles  S.  of  Denver. 

Bear  Creek,  an  affluent  of  the  Tennessee,  rises  in 
Franklin  co.,  Ala.,  runs  northwestward  to  the  E.  border  of 
Mississippi,  then  turns  northward,  and  enters  the  Tennessee 
at  the  N.W.  extremity  of  Colbert  co.,  Ala. 

Bear  Creek,  Iowa,  rises  in  the  E.  central  part  of  the 
state,  runs  eastward  through  Poweshiek  co.,  and  enters  the 
Iowa  River  about  1  mile  above  Marengo. 

Bear  Creek,  Kentucky,  rises  in  Grayson  co.,  runs 
nearly  southwestward,  and  enters  Green  River  about  14 
miles  N.  of  Bowling  Green. 

Bear  Creek,  of  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  flows  into  the 
Eaisin  River. 

Bear  Creek,  of  Pennsylvania,  enters  the  Alleghany 
River  in  Armstrong  co. 

Bear  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Searcy  co..  Ark. 

Bear  Creek,  Henry  co.,  Ga.    See  Hamptos. 

Bear  Creek,  a  township  of  Christian  co..  111.   Pop.  720. 

Bear  Creek,  a  township  of  Hancock  co.,  111.  Pop. 
1117.     It  contains  Basco. 

Bear  Creek,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co..  Ill,  Pop. 
1650.     It  contains  Donnellson. 

Bear  Creek,  a  township  of  Jay  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1247. 
It  contains  Winchester. 

Bear  Creek,  a  township  of  Poweshiek  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
670,  exclusive  of  Brooklyn. 

Bear  Creek,  a  hamlet  of  Boyd  co.,  Ky.,  15  miles  from 
Huntington,  W.  Va.     It  has  1  or  2  churches. 

Bear  Creek,  township,  Emmettco.,  Mich.     Pop.  368. 

Bear  Creek,  a  hamlet  of  Hinds  co..  Miss.,  14  miles 
from  Terry  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Bear  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cedar  co..  Mo.,  about  36 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Springfield.     It  has  a  church. 

Bear  Creek,  township,  Montgomery  co..  Mo.   P.  2200. 

Bear  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Gage  co..  Neb. 

Bear  Creek,  a  hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Lake 
Ontario,  4  miles  from  Ontario  Railroad  Station.  Iron  ore  is 
ihipped  here. 

Bear  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chatham  co.,  N.C.,  12 
miles  from  Egypt  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church  and 
%  flour-mill.    Pop.  of  Bear  Creek  township,  1328. 


Bear  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Scioto  co,,  0. 

Bear  Creek,  a  station.  Carbon  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh 
&  Susquehanna  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Mauch  Chunk. 

Bear  Creek,  a  station  in  Clarion  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Alle- 
ghany Valley  Railroad,  82  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Bear  Creek,  a  township  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.    Pop.  135, 

Bear  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Parker  co.,  Tex. 

Bear  Creek,  a  township  of  Sauk  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  808. 

Bear  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Outagamie  co..  Wis., 
11  miles  S.S.E.  of  New  London,  and  30  miles  N.W.  of  Ap- 
plefon.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  777. 

Bear'den,  a  post-villageof  Ouachita  co..  Ark.,  16  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Camden.     Pop.  about  300. 

Beards,  beerdz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oldham  co.,  Ky.,  18 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Louisville.     Here  are  2  stores. 

Beardsley,  beerdz'le,  a  post-village  of  Big  Stone  co., 
Minn.,  40  miles  W.  of  Morris.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank, 
and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  200. 

Beards'town,  a  thriving  post- village  of  Cass  co..  111., 
in  Beardstown  township,  on  the  southeast  bank  of  the  Illi- 
nois River,  and  on  the  Rockford,  Rook  Island  <t  St.  Louis 
Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Springfield  division  of  the 
Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  112  miles  N.  of  St.  Louis,  and 
46  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Springfield.  Two  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.  It  has  6  churches,  2  banks,  a  graded 
school,  a  foundry,  a  machine-shop,  a  woollen-mill,  Ac.  Pop. 
about  5000. 

BeardstoAvn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
Buffalo  Creek,  about  75  miles  S.W.  of  Nashville. 

Bearfield,  bair'feeld,  township.  Perry  co.,  0.    Pop.  901, 

Bear  (bair)  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northumberland  co., 
Pa.,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Shumokin. 

Bear  Grove,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  111.     Pop.  992. 

Bear  Grove,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  500. 

Bear  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Guthrie  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Bear  Grove  township,  14  miles  from  Adair  Station,  and 
about  60  miles  W.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  2  stores.  Pop. 
of  township,  524. 

Bear  Gulch,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co.,  S.D., 
in  the  Black  Hills,  12  miles  W.  of  Deadwood. 

Bear,  bair  (or  Bere)  Island,  an  island  off  the  W, 
coast  of  Ireland,  in  Bantry  Bay,  13  miles  W.  of  Bantry. 

Bear  Island,  Alaska.     See  St.  Matthkw. 

Bear  Island,  or  McPherson's  Ferry,  a  post-set- 
tlement in  Richmond  co..  Nova  Scotia,  4  miles  from  Port 
Hawkesbury.     Pop.  175. 

Bear  Island,  a  post-village  in  York  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  the  St.  John,  24  miles  AV.  of  Fredericton.     Pop.  250. 

Bear  Island,  in  the  Northern  Ocean,  315  miles  S.  of 
Cape  South,  Spitzbergen.     Lat.  74°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  20°  E. 

JSear  Islands,  three  islands  in  James's  Bay,  Canada: 
one  in  lat.  54°  24'  N.,  Ion.  80°  50'  AY. ;  another  in  lat.  54° 
32'  N. ;  the  third  in  lat.  54°  46'  N. 

Bear  Islands,  a  group  of  islands  in  the  North  Polar 
Sea,  off  the  N.E.  coast  of  Siberia,  between  lat.  70°  and  70° 
30'  N.  and  Ion.  164°  and  168°  E. 

Bear  Isle,  off  the  coast  of  Hancock  co..  Me.     Pop.  13. 

Bear  Lake,  Canada.     See  Great  Bear  Lake. 

Bear  Lake,  is  partly  in  Rich  co.,  Utah,  and  is  inter- 
sected by  the  S.  boundary  of  Idaho.  It  is  about  20  miles 
long,  7  miles  wide,  and  175  feet  deep.  "  It  is  a  beautiful 
lake,"  says  Hayden,  "  set  like  an  emerald  in  the  mountains. 
Not  even  the  waters  of  the  Yellowstone  Lake  present  such 
vivid  coloring." 

Bear  Lake,  a  county  forming  the  S.E.  extremity  of 
Idaho,  borders  on  Utah  and  AVyoming.  Area  estimated  at 
1100  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Bear  River,  and 
comprises  the  northern  part  of  Bear  Lake.  Its  surface  is 
mountainous.     Capital,  Paris.     Pop.  in  1890,  6057. 

Bear  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Manistee  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Bear  Lake  township,  5  miles  from  Lake  Michigan,  and  18 
miles  N.E.  of  Manistee.  It  has  2  churches,  a  broom-factory, 
and  flour-  and  saw-mills.  It  is  on  a  small  lake  of  the  same 
name.     Pop.  432;  of  the  township,  1287. 

Bear  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  and  railroad  station  of  AVar- 
ren  co.,  Pa.,  in  Freehold  township,  about  36  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Erie,  on  the  Atlantic  &  Great  AVestern  Railroad,  9  miles 
N.E.  of  Corry.     It  has  2  churches,  a  lumber-mill,  <fec. 

Bear  Lake  Mills,  Michigan.    See  BERLAjroNT. 

Bear  Mountain,  Pennsylvania,  is  situated  near  the 
N.E.  extremity  of  Dauphin  co.  At  its  foot  flows  Bear 
Creek,  on  which  is  the  Bear  Valley  Coal  Basin.  The  moun- 
tains enclosing  Bear  Valley  rise  about  750  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  creek. 

B6arn,  bi^aR',  an  old  province  of  France,  of  which 
the  capital  was  Pan,  now  forming,  with  a  small  part  of 
I  Guienne,  the  department  of  Basses-Pyr6n6es. 


BEA 


606' 


BEA 


Bear  Point,  a  post-village  in  Shelburae  oo.,  Nova 
Sootin,  8  miles  from  Barrington.    Pop.  200. 

Uenr  River,  of  Cullfuruia,  riaos  in  tho  Sierra  Nevada, 
runs  .southwMtward,  drains  part  of  Nevada  co.,  forms  tho 
boiuuliiry  butwoon  IMaccr  and  Yuba  cos.,  and  enters  tlie 
Feather  River  about  20  milos  S.  of  Marysviile. 

Bear  River,  uf  Utah  and  Idaho,  rises  in  the  Uintah 
Mountains,  in  the  N.  part  of  Utah,  and  runs  first  north- 
ward. It  flows  northwestward  through  Bear  Lako  oo., 
Idaho,  abruptly  changes  its  course  to  tho  S.,  return;  into 
Utah,  and  enters  the  Groat  Salt  lialco  in  Box  Elder  oo., 
about  10  miles  below  Corinno.  It  is  nearly  450  milot,  long, 
lillhough  the  direct  distance  from  its  source  to  its  mcuth  is 
only  aliout  90  miles.  Nearly  half  of  it  is  in  Idaho.  It  is 
not  navigable.  Its  valley  is  narrow,  and  oonflnod  by  rueged 
mounUiins.  Coal  is  found  on  the  )>anks  of  this  river  whore 
tho  Central  Pivciflo  Railroad  crosses  it.  ''  At  the  bend  of 
Bear  River,"  says  Ilayden,  "is  located  the  most  interesting 
group  of  soda  springs  known  on  the  continent.  They  occupy 
an  area  of  about  six  sauare  miles." 

Bear  River,  of  British  Columbia,  enters  the  Fraser 
River  in  lat.  53°  5.3'  N.,  Ion.  122°  45'  W. 

Bear  River,  of  Nova  Scotia,  rises  in  Digby  co.,  and, 
flowing  N.W.,  falls  into  Digby  Basin;  for  a  part  of  its 
course  it  forms  the  line  between  the  counties  of  Annapolis 
and  Digby. 

Bear  River  (East  Side),  or  Hill  s'burg,  a  post-village 
in  Annapolis  oo.,  Nova  Scotia,  14  miles  from  Annapolis. 

Bear  River  (West  Side),  a  post-village  in  Digby  co., 
Nova  Scotia,  at  the  head  of  navigation  of  Bear  River,  9 
miles  from  Digby.  It  has  an  iron-foundry,  tanneries,  lum- 
ber-mills, and  ship-yards.     Pop.  900. 

Bear  River  City,  a  post-ofifice  of  Box  Elder  co.,  Utah. 

Bear  Run,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg,  Conncllsville  & 
Washington  Railroad,  15  milos  S.E.  of  Conncllsville,  Pa. 

Bears'dale,  a  station  in  Macun  co.,  111.,  on  the  Pekin, 
Lincoln  &  Decatur  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Decatur. 

Bears'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Wood- 
stock township,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Kingston;  has  2  saw-mills. 

Bearsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tyler  co.,  W.  Va.,  8 
miles  S.  of  Middlebourne.     It  has  4  church  organizations. 

Bear'towii,  a  post-village  of  Deer  Lodge  oo.,  Montana, 
about  70  miles  W.  oy  N.  of  llelena. 

Beartown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  in 
Caernarvon  township,  about  17  miles  S.  of  Reading. 

Bear  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Mariposa  co.,  Cal.,  30 
miles  from  Morced  Railroad  Station,  and  about  84  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Stockton.  Gold  is  found  here  in  quartz-veins  and 
placer-mines.  It  has  2  churches.  This  is  tho  headquarters 
of  the  Mariposa  Land  and  Mining  Company. 

Bear  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Wabasha  co.,  Minn. 

Bear  Valley,  a  pos<-hamlet  of  Richland  co.,  Wis.,  in 
Ithaca  township,  about  10  miles  E.  of  Richland  Centre. 

Bear  VVaI'low,  a  post- village  of  Hart  co.,  Ky.,  4  miles 
E.  of  Horse  Cave.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Bear  Wallow,  a  post-office  of  Henderson  oo.,  N.C., 
20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Old  Fort. 

Bear  Wallow,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tazewell  co.,  Ya.,  40 
miles  from  Saltville. 

Bear'ytown,  a  village  of  Seneca  co.,  N.y.,  in  Fayette 
and  Varick  townships,  4  miles  E.  of  McDougall  Station,  It 
has  3  churches.     Here  is  Fayette  Post-Office. 

Beas,  Bias,  bee'is,  or  Beypasha,  b^'pash'i  (anc. 
Ilifph'u»i»),  one  of  the  great  rivers  of  tho  Punjab,  India, 
rises  in  the  Himalaya  Mountains,  13,200  feet  above  the  sea-. 
level.  Lat.  32°  34'  N. ;  Ion.  77°  12'  E.  It  flows  generally 
southwestward,  and  joins  tho  Sutlcy  at  Endrecsa,  35  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Amritsir,  after  a  course  estimated  at  350  miles. 
Chief  affluents,  the  llulku  and  the  Binoa. 

Bcasley  (becz'le)  Hill,  post-office,  Johnston  co.,  N.C. 

Beasley's  (beez'llz)  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co., 
t).,  40  miles  S.  of  Hillsborough. 

Beason,  be'son,  a  post-village  of  Logan  co.,  111.,  in 
Oran  township,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  k  Western 
Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
flour-mill. 

Beath,  beeth  or  baith,  a  parish  and  village  of  Scotland, 
CO.  of  Fife,  5i  miles  N.N.W.  of  Abordour,  with  coal-  and 
iron-mines.     Pop.  3634. 

Beatia,  the  ancient  name  of  Baeza. 

Beatrice,  bee'a-treece,  a  post-town  and  railroad  centre, 
capital  of  Gage  co.,  Neb.,  on  the  Big  Blue  River,  40  miles 
in  direct  line  S.  of  Lincoln,  which  by  railroad  is  51  miles 
distant.  The  Beatrice  Branch  Railroad.  31  miles  long,  con- 
nects it  with  Crete,  a  city  on  the  Burlington  &  Missouri 
River  Railroad.  Beatrice  has  quarries  of  magncsian  lime- 
Stone,  17  churches,  4  national  and  3  private  banks,  2  daily 


and  5  weekly  papor«,  excellent  public  schools,  a  brick  manu- 
factory,  Ac.  It  has  also  a  convent  and  a  court-house.  Pop 
in  1880,  2447  ;  in  1890,  1.3,836. 

Beattie,  b&'tee,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Knn!<aR, 
on  the  St.  Joseph  &  Denver  City  Railroad,  14  miles  E.  of 
Marysviile.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  a  broom- 
factory,  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Beattie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co..  Me.,  70  miles 
N.W.  of  Farmington,  near  the  Canada  Pacific  Railway. 
It  has  luniber-mills,  &o. 

Beattie's,  a  station  in  Coos  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railroad,  19  miles  S.E.  of  Island  Pond,  Vt. 

Beatty,  b&'tee,  a  post-village  of  Westmoreland  oo.,  Pa., 
in  Unity  township,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  38  miles 
E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a  largo  Benedictine  abbey,  semi- 
nary, and  convent. 

Beatty' 8,  ba'tiz,  a  station  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany 
k  Chicago  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Michigan  City,  Ind. 

Beattyville,  ba't^-vll,  a  post-village,  cnpital  of  Lee 
CO.,  Ky.,  is  on  the  Kentucky  River,  at  the  junction  of  its 
three  forks,  about  60  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lexington.  It  has  a 
court-house,  2  churches,  2  banks,  a  soap-factory,  a  lumber- 
mill,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  800. 

Beatyestown,  or  Beattiestown,  ba'tlz-tCwn,  a 
post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  45  miles  N.  of  Trenton,  and 
3  miles  from  Hackettstown.     It  has  a  hotel  and  a  grist-mill. 

Beaacairc,  bo'kiR',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Gard,  on  the  right  bank  of  tho  Rhone,  13  miles  by  rail  E. 
of  Nimes,  opposite  Tarascon,  with  which  it  is  connected  by 
a  suspension  bridge,  at  tho  head  of  the  Canal  dc  Bcaucaire, 
and  near  the  junction  of  railways  from  Avignon  to  Mar- 
seilles, Cette,  and  Alais.  Its  annual  fair,  in  July,  is  attended 
by  merchants  from  all  parts  of  Europe,  and  is  the  most  con- 
siderable in  France.     Pop.  8800. 

Beaiicamps-le-Vieux,  b5'k6s<''-l?h-ve-uh'  (i.e., 
"the  Old  Beaucamps"),  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Somme,  22  miles  W.  of  Amiens.     Pop.  1746. 

Beauce,  boce  (anc.  liel'siaf)  a  district  of  France,  part 
of  the  ancient  Orl^annois,  now  forming  parts  of  the  depart- 
ments of  Loir-et-Chor  and  Eurc-et-Loir. 

Beauce,  bOoe,  a  county  of  Quebec,  bounded  S.E.  by  the 
state  of  Maine.  It  is  watered  by  the  Chaudiftrc  River  (in 
which  gold  is  found),  and  traversed  by  tho  Levis  <t  Kennobeo 
Railway.  Capital,  St.  Franjois  de  la  Beauce.  Area,  3265 
square  miles.     Pop.  27,253. 

Beanchene,  bO'shain',  a  small  island  in  the  South 
Atlantic,  34  miles  S.  of  East  Falkland  Island.  Lat.  52° 
55' S.;  Ion.  59°  12'  W. 

Beauconp,  bo'koop',  a  small  bayou  of  Caldwell  parish, 
La.,  flows  southeastward  into  Bayou  Castor. 

Beaucoup,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co..  111.,  on 
the  St.  Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  54  miles  E.S.E.  of 
St.  Louis.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Beaucoup  Creek,  Illinois,  rises  in  Washington  co., 
runs  southward,  intersects  Perry  co.,  and  enters  the  Big 
Muddy  River  in  Jackson  co.     It  is  nearly  70  miles  long. 

Beaucoup  Mines,  a  station  in'Perry  co..  111.,  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Belleville  <fc  Southern  Illinois  Railroad,  2  miles 
N.W.  of  Pinckneyville.     Hero  coal  is  raised  and  shipped. 

Benucourt,  bO'koon',  a  village  of  France,  on  a  rail- 
way, 10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Belfort.     Pop.  3545. 

Beaudreau  Village,  Canada.    See  Boudheau. 

Beaufay,  bo^fi',  a  vill.age  of  France,  department  ot 
Sarthe,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lo  Mans.     Pop.  2021. 

Beauford,  bO'fprd,  a  township  of  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn., 
about  12  miles  S.  of  Mankato.     Pop.  461. 

Beaufort,  bO^fon',  a  town  of  France,  Savoy,  on   the 
Doron,  33  miles  E.N.E.  of  Chamb6ry.     It  has  an  cxtensiT 
trade  in  the  grtiyirea  cheese.     Pop.  2462. 

Beaufort  {i.e.,  "fine  fort"),  a  town  of  France,  dep.-jrt- 
mcnt  of  Maine-et-Loire,  16  miles  E.  of  Angers.  It  has  a 
college,  and  manufactures  of  canvas  and  coarse  linens. 
Pop.  5308. 

Beaufort,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Jura,  8 
miles  S.W.  of  Lons-le-Saulnier.     Pop.  1299. 

Beaufort,  bo'f9rt,  a  group  of  islands  in  Boothia  Gulf, 
Canada.  The  N.W.  or  outer  island  is  in  lat.  69°  55'  N.,  Ion. 
97°  5'  W. 

Beaufort,  a  bay  of  Alaska,  on  the  Arctic  coast,  is  in 
lat.  70°  N.,  Ion.  142°  W. 

Beaufort,  bo'fort,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  North 
Carolina,  bordering  on  Pamlico  Sound,  has  an  area  of  about 
720  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Pamlico  River, 
which  is  here  navigable.  Tho  surface  is  level,  and  partly 
occupied  by  swamps;  the  soil  is  sandy.  The  greater  ])art 
of  the  county  is  covered  with  forests.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
and  lumber  are  the  staple  products.     Capital,  Washington 


Bl^ 


BEA 


m 


Ma 


A  railroad  connects  the  capital  with  Jamestown.     Pop.  in 
1870,  13,011;  in  1880,  17,474;  in  1890,  21,072. 

Beaufort,  bu'f^rt,  a  county  forming  the  S.  extremity 
of  South  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  970  square  miles. 
I  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Combahee  River,  on  the 
I  S.B.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Savan- 
nah River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  mostly  covered 
!  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  rice,  maize,  and 
;  sweet  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  in- 
j  tersected  by  the  Port  Royal  Railroad,  and  the  Savannah  & 
Charleston  Railroad  separates  it  from  Hampton  co.,  on  the 
]  N.  It  comprises  several  islands,  which  produce  the  sea- 
',  island  cotton  and  enc!o#(»  the  harbor  of  Port  Royal.  Capi- 
i  tal,  Beaufort.  The  New  River  flows  through  its  W.  portion 
f  direct  from  N.  to  S.,  entering  Calibogue  Sound.  Pop.  in 
1  1870,  34,359;  in  1880,  30,176;  in  1890.  34,119. 
i  ileaufort,  bu'fort,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Mo., 
!  abjut  55  miles  W.  by  S.  of  St.  Louis,  and  10  miles  W.  of 
t  Union.  It  has  1  tlour-mill  and  2  general  stores. 
1  Beaufort,  bo'f9rt,  a  port  of  entry,  the  capital  of  Car- 
i  teret  co.,  N.C.,  is  on  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  at  the 
',  mouth  of  Newport  River,  about  90  miles  E.N.E.  of  Wil- 
I  mington,  and  40  miles  S.B.  of  New-Berne.  A  body  of 
I  water  about  2  miles  wide  separates  it  from  Morehead,  the 
i  S.E.  terminus  of  the  Atlantic  &  North  Carolina  Railroad. 
It  has  a  safe  harbor,  the  entrance  to  which  is  defended  by 
I  Fort  Macon,  which  is  li  miles  from  Beaufort.  It  has  5 
!  churches  (3  white  and  2  colored).     Pop.  in  1890,  2007. 

Beaufort,  bu'fgrt,  a  port  of  entry,  capital  of  Beaufort 
f  CO.,  S.C.,  is  on  Port  Royal  or  Beaufort  Island,  and  on  an 
I  inlet  called  Port  Royal  River,  about  14  miles  from  the 
j  ocean,  and  56  miles  W.S.W.  of  Charleston.     It  is  a  station 

■  on  the  Port  Royal  Railroad,  and  is  108  miles  from  Augusta, 
I  Qa.,  and  4  miles  from  Port  Royal,  the  termini  of  that  road. 
i  It  has  a  good  harbor,  accessible  to  vessels  drawing  15  feet 
I  of  water.  Cotton,  phosphate  of  lime,  and  lumber  are  the 
!  chief  articles  of  export.  One  or  2  weekly  newspapers  are 
I  published  here.  Beaufort  has  1  bank  and  7  churches.  Pop. 
;.   in  1880,  2549;  in  1890,  3587. 

i  Beaugency,  bo^zh6so^see'  (L.  Belgenci'acum),  a  town 
!  of  France,  department  of  Loiret,  on  the  Loire,  15  miles  by 
j  rail  S.W.  of  Orleans.     It  has  manufactures  of  woollens,  and 

■  an  extensive  trade  in  wines.     Pop.  5039. 

Beau  Grand,  township,  Cheboygan  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  366. 

Beauharnois,  bo^aR^nwS,',  a  county  in  the  S.W.  of 
i  the  province  of  Quebec,  Canada,  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by 
'•  the  St.  Lawrence.  Area,  250  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
'  by  the  Chateauguay  River.  The  chief  staples  are  oats, 
I  wool,  and  the  products  of  the  dairy.  The  chief  town  is 
'    Beauharnois.     Pop.  14,757. 

(       Beauharnois,  the  chief  town  of  the  co.  of  Beauhar- 

!    nois,  Quebec,  Canada,  on  Lake  St.  Louis  (formed  by  the  St. 

!    Lawrence),  33  miles  S.W.  of  Montreal.     It  contains  several 

factories,  grist-mills,   flax-mills,  a  pottery,    a   foundry,   a 

brewery,  2  churches,  a  convent,  printing-office,  and  a  branch 

bank,  and  has  a  large  trade.     Pop.  1423. 

Beaujeu,  bo'zhuh',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Ilh6ne,  on  the  Ardiere,  30  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Lyons, 
with  manufactures  of  paper,  cottons,  and  hats.     Pop.  3884. 

Beaujolais,  bo^zho^li',  a  district  of  France,  part  of 
the  ancient  Lyonnais.  Its  capital  was  the  town  of  Beaujeu. 
It  now  forms  the  N.  part  of  the  department  of  Rh6ne  and 
a  small  part  of  Loire. 

Beaulieu,  boMe-uh',  almost  bo^yuh'  (?.e.,  "beautiful 
place"),  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Correze,  on  the 
Dordogne,  20  miles  S.  of  Tulle.  Pop.  2571.  Beaulieu  is 
also  the  name  of  many  other  communes  and  villages  of 
France. 

Beaulieu,  bew'lee,  or  Exe,  ex,  a  tidal  river  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  Hants,  rises  near  Lyndhurst,  and  enters  the 
English  Channel  6^  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lymington. 

Beaulieu,  or  Exe,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Hants, 
situated  on  the  river  of  the  same  name,  at  its  mouth,  6  miles 
N.E.  of  Lymington.  Beaulieu  has  the  remains  of  an  abbey, 
founded  by  King  John.  In  this  sanctuary  Margaret  of 
Aujou,  and  afterwards  Perkin  Warbeek,  took  refuge,  and 
within  its  manorial  bounds  exemption  from  arrest  for  debt 
is  still  enjoyed.  Beaulieu  Station,  on  the  Southwestern 
Railway,  is  9  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Southampton. 

Beaulieu,  a  former  name  of  Bewdly. 

Beaulieu,  boMe-uh',  a  post- village  in  Montmorency  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  island  of  Orleans,  4i  miles  N.E.  of  Quebec. 
Pop.  150. 

Beaumarcliais,  bo^man^shi',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Gers,  25  miles  W.S.W.  of  Auch.     Pop.  1237. 

Beaumaris,  bo-mi'ris,  a  town  of  North  Wales,  capi- 
tal of  the  island  and  co.  of  Anglesey,  near  the  N.  entrance 


of  Menai  Strait,  3  miles  N.  of  Bangor.  The  town  has  a 
free  grammar-school,  a  custom-house,  <fcc.,  and  is  resorted  to 
for  sea-bathing.     Pop.  2291. 

Beaumont,  bo'm6N<»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy-de- 
DSme,  2  miles  S.  of  Clermont-Ferrand.     Pop.  1565. 

Beaumont,  bo^m6N«',  a  town  of  Belgium,  province  of 
Ilainaut,  19  miles  S.E.  of  Mons.     Pop.  2100. 

Beaumont,  bo-mSnt',  a  post-village  of  Butler  co., 
Kansas,  at  the  junction  of  several  railroads,  47  miles  E.  of 
Wichita.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  300. 

Beaumont,  a  post-village  of  Chatham  co.,  N.C.,  on 
Rocky  River,  about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Raleigh. 

Beaumont,  an  incorporated  city  and  railroad  centre, 
the  capital  of  Jefferson  co.,  Texas,  on  the  Neches  River,  30 
miles  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  84  miles  by  rail  E.  by 
N.  from  Houston.  It  has  7  churches,  2  national  banks,  a 
graded  school  system,  manufactures  of  cars  and  furniture, 
and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  5680. 

Beaumont,  bO'miip',  a  post- village  in  Bellechasse  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  south  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  9  miles  be- 
low Quebec.  It  contains  grist-  and  saw-mills  and  woollen- 
factories.     Pop.  600. 

Beaumont  de  Lomagne,  b5^m6N»'  d§h  lo^min',  a 
town  of  France,  in  Tarn-et-Garonne,  on  the  Gimone,  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Montauban.     Pop.  5456. 

Beaumont-le-Yicomte,  bo^m6N>»'-l9h-vee^k6\t',  a 
village  of  France,  on  the  Sarthe,  15i  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Le  Mans.     Pop.  2234. 

Beaumont-sur-Oise,  bo^miis^'-silR-wiz  (or  wiz),  a 
village  of  France,  department  of  Seine-et-Oise,  20  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Paris.  Pop.  2560.  Beaumont  is  also  the  name 
of  several  other  villages  and  communes  in  France. 

Beaune,bun  (ano.  VeUannodu'num),  a,  town  of  France, 
department  of  C&te-d'Or,  at  the  foot  of  the  C6te-d'0r  Moun- 
tain, on  the  railway  from  Paris  to  Lyons,  23  miles  S.S.W'. 
of  Dijon.  It  has  a  noble  hospital,  founded  in  1443,  a  fine 
mediaeval  church,  a  library  of  35,000  volumes,  manufactures 
of  woollen  cloth,  cutlery,  leather,  vinegar,  and  casks,  and 
an  extensive  trade  in  the  wines  of  Burgundy.    Pop.  10,907. 

Beaune-la-Rolande,  bon-14-ro'ldNd',  a  village  of 
France,  in  Loiret,  26  miles  N.E.  of  Orleans.     Pop.  1820. 

Beauport,  bo^port',  a  post-village  and  parish  in  Que- 
bec CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  north  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  2 
miles  below  Quebec.  It  contains  large  grist-mills,  nail-  and 
match -factories,  and  a  lunatic  asylum.     Pop.  4053. 

Beaupr6,  bo^pri',  a  group  of  islands  in  the  Pacifio 
Ocean.     Lat.  20°  17'  S. ;  Ion.  166°  17'  E. 

Beaupr6au,  bo^pri'o',  a  town  of  France,  in  Maine-et- 
Loire,  on  the  Evre,  27  miles  S.W.  of  Angers.     Pop.  4434. 

Beauquesne,  bo'kAn',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Somme,  5  miles  S.S.E.  of  Doullens.     Pop.  3003. 

Beauregard,bo^r§h-gard',  a  village  of  Copiah  CO.,  Miss., 
on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  <fc  Chicago  Railroad,  44  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Jackson,  and  1  mile  N.  of  Wesson.  One  news- 
paper is  published  here.    It  has  several  saw-mills.    Pop.  315. 

Beauregard  (boVe^gaR')  Isles,  several  small  islands 
in  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  opposite  Vercheres,  Quebec. 

Beaurepaire,  boV§h-paR',  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Isere,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Vienno.     Pop.  2598. 

Beauvais,boVi'  (anc.  Bellov'actim  and  Cmsarom'affus), 
a  city  of  France,  capital  of  the  department  of  Oise,  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Avelon  with  the  Therain,  in  a  rich  valley 
surrounded  by  wooded  hills,  54  miles  by  rail  N.N.AV.  of 
Paris.  Several  branches  of  the  river  run  through  and  by 
the  side  of  the  town,  forming  canals,  which  are  of  great  ser- 
vice to  manufactures.  It  has  clean  open  streets,  and  pleas- 
ant boulevards ;  its  cathedral  is  one  of  the  largest  in  France, 
but  incomplete.  Beauvais  was  formerly  fortified.  It  has  a 
chamber  of  manufactures,  a  commercial  tribunal,  a  communal 
college,  a  public  library,  tanneries,  dye-works,  and  manufac- 
tures of  flannels,  woollen  cloths,  linens,  tapestry,  velvets, 
and  printed  cottons.  It  is  a  place  of  great  antiquity,  having 
existed  under  the  Romans.  It  was  besieged  in  vain  by  tha 
English  in  1443.  One  of  the  most  remarkable  events  in  its 
history  is  the  siege  which  it  successfully  stood  in  1472  against 
an  army  of  80,000  Burgundians  under  Charles  the  Bold. 
It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  15,542. 

Beauvais,  bo-va',  a  township  of  St.  Genevieve  co..  Mo. 
Pop.  1306. 

Beauval,  boV3,l',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Somme,  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Amiens.     Pop.  2640. 

Beauville,  bo^'eel'  or  boVil',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Lot-et-Garonne,  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Agen.     Pop.  1274. 

Beauvoir,  boVOr',  a  post-office  and  station  of  Harri- 
son CO.,  Miss.,  on  the  New  Orleans  &  Mobile  Railroad. 

Beauvoir- sur-Mer,  boVwau'-siiR-main,  a  town  of 
France,  in  Vendue,  3  miles  from  the  sea,  and  30  miles  S.W.  of 


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Nantoa.    Pop.  2063.    Beanroir  (i.«.,  "  beautiful  tIow")  U 
Uie  name  of  several  Tillages  of  France. 
UoauzaCv  bS't&k',  a  village  of  Franco,  in  Haute-Loire, 

12  miles  N.  of  Yssingeaux.     Pon.  2818. 

Beaver*  bee'r^r,  a  county  in  Woatern  Pennsylvania,  bor- 
dwing  on  Ohio,  has  an  area  of  about  550  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Ohio  lUver,  and  is  also  drained  by  the 
Beaver  and  Little  Bcavor  Kivers  and  Raccoon  and  Cone- 
auenessing  Crooks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly  ; 
tne  soil  is  generally  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats, 
butter,  and  wool  are  the  staple  products.  Limestone,  petro- 
leum, and  bods  of  bituminous  coal  are  found  in  this  county, 
which  is  intersected  by  the  Cleveland  it  Pittsburg  Rail- 
road and  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad. 
CapiUl,  Beaver.  Pop.  in  1870,  36,148;  in  1880,  39,605; 
Id  18^0,  50,077. 

Beaver,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Utah,  is  partly 
drained  by  the  Beaver  River.  Area,  2704  square  miles. 
A  range  called  the  Iron  Mountains  extends  along  the  E. 
border  of  the  county.  A  large  part  of  it  is  an  arid  plain 
ortivble-land  in  which  timber  and  water  are  scarce.  Wheat, 
maize,  barley,  and  wool  are  the  staple  products  of  the  soil. 
Iron  ore  is  found  here.  Capital,  Beaver.  Pop.  in  1870, 
2007;  in  1880,  3918;  in  189U,  3340. 

Beaver,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co..  Ark.,  8  miles  N. 
by  W.  of  Eureka  Springs. 

Beaver,  a  township  of  Iroquois  co.,  111.  Pop.  1278. 
It  contains  Donavan. 

Beaver,  a  township  of  Newton  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  637. 

Beaver,  a  township  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  489. 

Beaver,  a  township  of  Boone  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  195. 

Beaver,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1017. 

Beaver,  a  township  of  Dallas  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  427. 

Beaver,  a  township  of  Grundy  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  503. 

Beaver,  a  township  of  Guthrie  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  539. 

Beaver,  a  township  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1692. 

Beaver,  a  township  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  376. 

Beaver,  a  township  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas.   Pop.  246. 

Beaver,  a  post-office  of  Floyd  co.,  Ky. 

Beaver,  a  township  of  Bay  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  170. 

Beaver,  a  station  in  Delta  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Chicago  &, 
Northwestern  Railroad,  17  miles  N.  of  Escanaba. 

Beaver,  a  township  of  Newaygo  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  200. 

Beaver,  a  township  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn.  Pop.  511. 
It  contains  the  post-village  of  Alba. 

Beaver,  a  post-village  of  Winona  co.,  Minn.,  in  White- 
water township,  on  the  Minneska,  about  22  miles  AV.N.W. 
of  Winona.   It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  planing-mill. 

Beaver,  a  post-oflSce  of  Douglas  co..  Mo. 

Beaver,  a  station  in  Phelps  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis  & 
San  Francisco  Railroad,  120  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Beaver,  a  township  of  Taney  co..  Mo.     Pop.  581. 

Beaver,  a  station  in  Beaver  Creek  townsnip,  Greene 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Dayton  A  Xenia  Railroad,  4  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Xenia.     It  has  a  distillery  and  a  flour-mill. 

Beaver,  a  township  of  Mahoning  co.,  0.  Pop.  1933. 
It  coutains  East  Lewistown  and  Lima. 

Beaver,  a  township  of  Noble  co.,  0.  Pop.  1684.  It 
contains  Williamsburg. 

Beaver,  a  post-townehip  of  Pike  co.,  0.,  65  miles  S.  by 
E.  from  Columbus.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  and 
flonr-  and  planing-mills.     Pop.  862. 

Beaver,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  north  bank  of  the  Ohio  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Beaver 
River,  and  on  the  Cleveland  A  Pittsburg,  and  Pittsburg  & 
Lake  Erie  Railroads,  27  miles  N.W.  of  Pittsburg.  It  con- 
tains 2  banks,  the  Beaver  Collegiate  and  Musical  Institute, 
»  female  seminary,  4  churches,  and  3  weekly  and  2  daily 
newspapers.     Pop.  1552. 

Beaver,  a  township  of  Clarion  co..  Pa.,  in  the  oil  region. 
Pop.  1338.  It  contains  Edcnburg,  Beaver  City,  Monroe- 
ville,  and  Triangle. 

Beaver,  a  township  of  Columbia  CO.,  Pa.  Pop.  958.  It 
contains  Beaver  Valley  and  Glen  City,  and  has  coal-mines. 

Beaver,  a  township  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1177. 

Beaver,  a  station  in  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Lebanon 
Valley  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of  Harrisburg. 

Beaver,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1094. 

Beaver,  a  township  of  Snyder  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1766.  It 
con  till  ns  Beavertown. 

Beaver,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anderson  co.,  Tex.,  12  miles 
from  Palestine. 

Beaver,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Beaver  oo.,  Utah,  on 
ft  river  of  its  own  name,  about  200  miles  S.  by  W.  from 
Salt  Lake  City.  It  is  140  miles  from  York  Railroad  Sta- 
tion. It  has  a  newspaper  office,  2  churches,  an  academy,  a 
woollen-factory,  and  a  tannery.    Pop.  about  2000. 


Beaver,  a  post-hamlet  of  Thurston  oo.,  Washington, 
about  10  miles  S.  of  Olynipia. 

Beaver,  a  Ujwnship  of  Clark  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  197. 

Beaver,  Juneau  co..  Wis.    See  Bbavkr  Mill. 

Beaver  Bank,  a  post-village  in  Halifax  co.,  Not» 
Scotia,  16  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Halif.ix.     Pop.  100. 

Beaver  Bay,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lake  co.,  Minn., 
on  Lake  Superior,  55  miles  N.E.  of  Duluth.  It  has  a  lumber- 
mill.     Pop.  of  Beaver  Bay  township,  1(>1. 

Beaver  Brook,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Jefferson 
CO.,  Col.,  8  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Golden. 

Beaver  Brook,  a  station  in  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Salem  &  Lawrence  Branch  Railroa(y7  miles  N.W.  of  Salem. 

Beaver  Brook,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  oo.,  N.Y. 

Beaver  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  in 
Beaver  township,  4  miles  W.  of  Spring  Railroad  Station, 
nnd  about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Meadville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Beaver  City,  a  post-homlet  of  Newton  co.,  Ind.,  about 
48  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lafayetle. 

Beaver  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Furnas  co., 
Neb.,  in  the  valley  of  Beaver  Creek,  50  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Plum  Creek.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks,  public  schools,  2 
newspaper  offices,  a  grist-mill,  Ac. 

Beaver  City,  a  village  of  Clarion  oo.,  Pa.,  in  Beaver 
township,  on  the  Emlenton  A  Shippenville  Railroad,  IJ  miles 
W.  of  Edcnburg.  It  has  a  church,  a  machine-shop,  and 
about  150  houses.    Oil  abounds  here. 

Beaver  Cove,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Boisdale. 

Beaver  Creek,  of  Marengo  co.,  Ala.,  flows  into  the 
Tombigbee  River. 

Beaver  Creek,  of  Alabama,  enters  the  Alabama  from 
the  W.  in  Wilcox  co. 

Beaver  Creek,  of  Colorado,  rises  in  Douglas  co.,  runs 
nearly  northward,  intersects  Arapahoe  co.,  and  enters  the 
South  Fork  of  the  Platte  in  Weld  co.     Length,  100  miles. 

Beaver  Creek,  of  Indiana,  enters  the  White  River  in 
Martin  co. 

Beaver  Creek,  of  Iowa,  runs  first  southward,  and 
drains  the  W.  part  of  Dubuque  co.  It  then  runs  southeast- 
ward through  Jones  co.,  and  enters  the  Maquokcta  River 
about  7  miles  S.W.  of  Andrew.     Length,  nearly  80  miles. 

Beaver  Creek,  of  Iowa,  rises  in  the  W.  central  part  of 
the  state.  It  flows  southward  through  Boone  co.  and  south- 
eastward through  Dallas  co.,  and  enters  the  Des  Moines 
River  about  6  miles  above  the  city  of  Des  Moines.  It  is 
nearly  75  miles  long. 

Beaver  Creek,  of  Iowa,  runs  eastward,  drains  the  S. 
part  of  Butler  co.,  and  enters  the  Cedar  River  2  or  3  miles 
above  Cedar  Falls. 

Beaver  Creek,  of  Kansas,  rises  in  Sherman  co.,  runs 
nearly  northeastward,  passes  into  Nebraska,  and  enters  the 
Republican  River  5  miles  above  Orleans.  It  is  probably  200 
miles  long.     It  flows  through  extensive  treeless  plains. 

Beaver  Creek,  of  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  flows  into  Raisin 
River  near  Adrian. 

Beaver  Creek,  of  Missouri,  flows  into  White  River 
from  the  left,  in  Taney  co.,  a  few  miles  below  Forsyth. 
Little  Beaver  enters  the  above  creek  in  the  same  county. 

Beaver  Creek,  of  Nebraska,  rises  in  Holt  co.,  runs 
southeastward,  and  enters  the  Loup  Fork  at  Monroe,  in 
Platte  CO.     It  is  nearly  150  miles  long. 

Beaver  Creek,  of  Nebraska,  rises  in  Hamilton  co.,  flows 
eastward  through  York  co.,  and  enters  the  West  Fork  of  the 
Big  Blue  River. 

Beaver  Creek,  of  New  Mexico  and  Texas,  rises  in 
Colfax  CO.  of  the  former,  runs  eastward  into  Texas,  and 
enters  the  North  Fork  of  the  Canadian  River,  or  unites 
with  another  creek  to  form  that  fork. 

Beaver  Creek,  of  Ohio,  runs  nearly  northeastward 
through  Henry  co.,  and  enters  the  Maumeo  in  Wood  co. 

Beaver  Creek,  of  South  Carolina,  enters  the  Congareo 
from  the  right,  at  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Lexington  co. 

Beaver  Creek,  of  Wisconsin,  drains  part  of  Trempea- 
leau CO.,  and  enters  Black  River  5  miles  S.  of  Galesville. 

Beaver  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Dale  co.,  Ala. 

Beaver  Creek,  a  station  in  Fremont  co.,  Colorado,  on 
the  Canon  City  Branch  of  the  Denver  A  Rio  Grande  Rail- 
road, 23  miles  W.N.W.  of  South  Pueblo. 

Beaver  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Bond  co.,  111.,  in 
Beaver  Creek  town.=hip,  9  miles  S.  of  Greenville,  and  about 
75  miles  S.  of  Springfield.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  300. 

Beaver  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Md., 
6i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hagerstown.  It  has  3  churches,  3  flour- 
mills,  and  4  stores.     Pop.  about  300. 

Beaver  Creek,  a  post-town  of  Rock  co.,  Minn.,  about 
10  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Luverne.  It  contains  3  churches 
and  a  bank.    Pop.  350. 


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Beaver  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C.,  45  milea 
B.  of  Marion,  Va. 

Beaver  Creek,  township,  Jones  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  IIOS. 

Beaver  Creek,  a  township  of  Wilkes  CO.,  N.C.  Pop.  960. 

Beaver  Creek,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  0.  Pop. 
2289.     It  contains  Alpha  and  Beaver. 

Beaver  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Wis.,  15 
miles  S.W.  of  Black  River  Falls. 

Beaver  Cross'ing,  a  post-village  of  Seward  co.,  Neb., 
about  15  miles  S.W.  of  Seward.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank, 
and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  225. 

Beaver  Dale,  a  hamlet  of  Lamar  co.,  Ala.,  near  Ken- 
nedy Station  of  the  Georgia  Pacific  Railway. 

Beaverdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Whitfield  co.,  Ga.,  8 
miles  from  Red  Clay  Railroad  Station. 

Beaver  Dam,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind., 
about  :i2  miles  N.N.E.  of  Logansport.     It  has  a  church, 

Beaver  Dam,  a  post-village  of  Ohio  co.,  Ky.,  66  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Elizabethtown.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank, 
And  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  500. 

Beaver  Dam,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich.,  li 
ipiles  from  Vriesland  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church. 
m  HvBeaver  Dam,  a  township  of  Butler  co..  Mo.  Pop.  786. 
■^■Beaver  Dam,  a  township  of  Bladen  co.,  N.C.  Pop.  619. 
I^R Beaver  Dam,  township,  Cherokee  co.,  N.C.  Pop.  763. 
I^Kfeaver  Dam,  township,  Haywood  co.,  N.C.  Pop.  1745. 
I^KBeaver  Dam,  township,  Richmond  co.,  N.C.  Pop.  635. 
P  ™^Beaver  Dam,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  N.C,  on  the 
Carolina  Central  Railroad,  34  miles  S.E.  of  Charlotte. 

Beaver  Dam,  township,  Watauga  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  413. 

Beaver  Dam,  Long  Island,  N.Y.   See  Westhampton. 

Beaver  Dam,  a  post-village  of  Allen  co.,  0.,  in  Rich- 
land township,  on  the  Lake  Erie  &  Louisville  Railroad,  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Lima.     It  has  grist-,  planing-,  and  saw-mills. 

Beaver  Dam  (Wayne  Post-Office),  a  village  of  Erieco., 
Pa.,  in  Wayne  township,  IJ  miles  from  Concord  Railroad 
Station,  and  7  miles  W.  of  Corry.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
cheese-factory,  <fec. 

Beaver  Dam,  a  post-office  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C. 

Beaver  Dam,  a  city  of  Dodge  co.,  Wis.,  at  the  S.E. 
end  and  outlet  of  Beaver  Lake,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  63  miles  W.N.W.  of  Milwau- 
kee, 35  miles  E.  by  S.  from  Portage  City,  and  about  40  miles 
N.E.  of  Madison.  It  contains  14  churches,  a  bank,  the 
Wayland  Institute,  a  Catholic  seminary,  high  and  grammar 
schools,  1  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers,  and  manufac- 
tures of  cotton-  and  woollen-goods,  agricultural  implements, 
flour,  <fec.  Pop.  in  1890,  4222;  of  IJeaver  Dam  township, 
1341.    Beaver  Lake  is  9  miles  long,  by  about  3  miles  wide. 

Beaver  Dam  Creek,  of  Georgia,  rises  in  Burke  co., 
and  enters  Brier  Creek. 

Beaver  Dam  Creek,  of  Georgia,  runs  southeastward 
through  Elbert  co.  and  enters  the  Savannah  River. 

Beaver  Dam  Creek,  of  Michigan,  rises  in  Gratiot 
CO.,  runs  eastward,  and  enters  the  Shiawassee  River  about 
10  miles  S.W.  of  Saginaw  City. 

Beaver  Dam  Creek,  of  Wisconsin,  issues  from  a  lake 
of  the  same  name  in  Dodge  county.  It  runs  southward,  and 
enters  the  Crawfish  River  in  the  same  county. 

Beaver  Dam  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Hanover  co., 
Va.,  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  40  miles  N.N.W. 
'f  Richmond. 

Beaver  Dam  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Hanover  co.,  Va. 

Beaver  Dams,  a  small  village  of  Queen  Anne  co.,  Md. 

Beaver  Dams,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuyler  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Dix  township,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Havana.     It  has  2  churches. 

Beaver  Falls,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Renville  co., 
Minn.,  in  Beaver  Falls  township,  on  the  Chanah  River, 
about  2  miles  from  its  entrance  into  the  Minnesota  River, 
and  65  miles  W.N.W.  of  Mankato.  A  newspaper  is  pub- 
lished here.     Pop.  of  township,  634. 

Beaver  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Beaver  River,  60  miles  N.  of  Utica,  and  5  from  Castorland. 
It  has  a  church,  2  stores.  2  large  saw-mills,  and  a  tannery. 

Beaver  Falls,  a  post-borough  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  W.  bank  of  the  Beaver  River,  and  on  the  Pittsburg, 
Ft.  Wayne  &  Chicago,  and  the  Pittsburg  <fc  Lake  Erie  Rail- 
roads, 34  miles  N.W.  of  Pittsburg.  The  railroad  here 
crosses  the  river  by  a  bridge  which  connects  the  town  with 
New  Brighton.  Here  are  3  banks,  12  churches,  5  hotels,  a 
college,  water-works,  natural  and  artificial  gas,  and  electric 
lights.  It  is  a  manufacturing  centre,  and  has  large  file- 
works,  flouring-mills,  steel- works,  3  planing-mills,  an  axe- 
factory,  a  shovel-factory,  glass-factories,  tile-works,  white- 
ware  potteries,  bridge-works,  and  a  nail-mill.  About  2500 
operatives  are  employed  in  these  manufactures,  and  the 
capital  invested  is  about  $2,600,000.     Coal  abounds  in  the 


vicinity.  An  electric  street-railroad  in  course  of  construc- 
tion will  connect  the  town  with  the  county-seat  4  miles 
distant.     Pop.  in  1890,  9735. 

Beaver  Furnace,  a  small  village  of  Union  co..  Pa. 

Beaver  Harbor,  a  post-village  in  Charlotte  co.,  Ne* 
Brunswick,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Magaguadavic  River,  10 
miles  from  St.  George.     Pop.  150. 

Beaver  Harbor,  in  British  Columbia,  near  the  E.  ex- 
tremity of  Vancouver  Island,  has  beds  of  surface  coal. 

Beaver  Head,  a  river  which  rises  in  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains, in  the  extreme  S.W.  part  of  Montana,  runs  north 
ward  and  northeastward  through  Beaver  Head  co.,  and 
unites  with  the  Big  Hole  or  Wisdom  River  about  30  miles 
N.W.  of  Virginia  City.  The  stream  formed  by  this  junction 
is  the  Jefferson  River.     Gold  is  found  in  its  valley. 

Beaver  Head,  a  southwestern  county  of  Montana, 
borders  on  Idaho.  It  is  drained  by  Big  Hole  or  Wisdom 
River  and  Beaver  Head  River,  both  of  which  rise  in  it. 
The  "Divide,"  or  main  range  of  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
extends  along  the  S.W.  border  of  this  county.  Here  is  Big 
Hole  Prairie,  which  is  said  to  be  50  miles  long  and  adapted 
to  pasturage.  The  plains  or  lower  parts  of  the  surface  are 
nearly  5000  feet  above  the  sea.  Gold  is  the  chief  article  of 
export,  and  silver  is  said  to  be  found.  Among  its  minerals 
are  carboniferous  limestone  and  columnar  basalt.  The 
reported  out-put  from  Beaverhead  mines  in  1890  was 
$2,000,000.  Its  E.  portion  is  traversed  by  the  Union  Pacific 
Railroad.  Capital,  Dillon.  Pop.  in  1880,2712;  in  1890,4655. 

Beaver  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Overton  co.,  Tenn. 

Beaver  Island,  in  the  N.  part  of  Lake  Michigan, 
is  about  50  miles  long.  It  is  the  largest  of  a  group  of 
islands  which  are  parts  of  Manitou  co.,  Mich.  It  has  a 
light-house. 

Beaver  Island,  Erieco.,  N.Y.,  a  small  island  in  Niag- 
ara River,  and  in  Grand  Island  township.  Area,  30  acres. 
It  has  a  fine  club-house. 

Beaver  Island,  Alaska.    See  Pribylov  Islands. 

Beaver  Island,  a  small  island  on  the  S.E.  coast  of 
Nova  Scotia,  near  Cape  Canso.  Lat.  44°  49'  34"  N. ;  Ion. 
62°  20'  13"  W.     On  it  is  a  light-house. 

Beaver  Island,  township,  Stokes  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  1247. 

Beaver  Kill,  a  creek  of  New  York,  rises  in  Ulster 
CO.,  runs  westward,  traverses  Sullivan  co.,  and  enters  the 
East  Branch  of  the  Delaware  in  Delaware  co. 

Beaver  Kill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  5 
miles  from  Westfield  Flats  Station.     It  has  a  tannery. 

Beaver  Lake,  in  Newton  co.,  Ind.,  is  about  8  miles 
long  and  4  miles  wide,  and  is  the  largest  lake  in  the  state. 

Beaver  Lake,  in  Barron  co..  Wis.,  is  the  principal  source 
of  Hay  River.    See  also  Beaveu  Dam,  AVis. 

Beaver  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Minnehaha  co.,  Dakota. 

Beaver  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ogemaw  co.,  Mich., 
and  a  station  on  the  Jackson,  Lansing  <fe  Saginaw  Railroad, 
62  miles  N.  by  AV.  of  Bay  City.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Beaver  Lick,  a  post-village  of  Boone  co.,  Ky.,  5  milea 
from  AValton  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church  and  3  stores. 

Beaver  Meadow,  a  station  in  Mobile  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  and  on  Chickasabogue  River,  25 
miles  N.W.  of  Mobile.  Half  a  mile  distant  is  Beaver 
Meadow  village,  which  has  a  paper-mill  and  2  churches. 
The  name  of  the  post-office  is  Chickasabogue. 

Beaver  Meadow,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chenango  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Otselic  township,  on  the  Auburn  Branch  of  the 
New  York  &  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  about  35  miles  S.E. 
of  Syracuse.     It  has  a  church. 

Beaver  Meadows,  a  post-village  of  Carbon  co..  Pa., 
in  Banks  township,  on  the  Audenried  Branch  of  the  Lehigh 
Valley  Railroad,  13  miles  N.AV.  of  Mauch  Chunk.  Here 
are  mines  of  anthracite.  It  has  2  churches  and  2  collieries. 
Beaver  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nicholas  co.,  W.  Va., 
28  miles  E.  of  Nicholas.  It  has  2  churches  a  flour-mill,  and 
several  stores. 

Beaver  Pond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lexington  co.,  S.C, 
near  the  post-village  of  Rishton,  15  miles  S.  of  Lexington 
Court-House.     It  has  a  church. 

BeaverPond,  a  post-hamlet  of  AmeHaco.,Va.,  6  miles 
from  Chula  Depot,  and  8  miles  S.E.  of  Amelia.  It  has  sev- 
eral stores.  Ad. 

Beaver  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co.,  Tenn.,  6 
miles  from  Powell's  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church,  an 
academy,  a  store,  and  a  mill. 

Beaver  River,  a  small  stream  which  rises  in  Rocking- 
ham CO.,  N.H.  It  runs  southward  into  Massachusetts,  and 
enters  the  Merrimac  River  in  Dracut,  below  Lowell. 

Beaver  River,  of  New  York,  rises  near  the  N.W. 
corner  of  Hamilton  co.,  intersects  Herkimer  co.,  runs  west- 
ward, and  enters  Black  River  9  miles  N.  of  Lowville 


BEA 


610 


BEC 


Beaver  River*  of  Pennsylvania,  is  formed  by  the  Ma- 
honing and  Sbenango  Rivers,  which  unite  in  Lawrence 
00.,  a^ut  3  miles  S.  of  New  Castle.  It  runs  southward, 
and  enters  the  Ohio  River  in  Deaver  oo.  at  Rochester. 
The  direct  disUince  from  the  junction  of  its  branches  to  its 
mouth  is  about  20  miles. 

Beaver  River,  in  Grey  co.,  Ontario,  takes  its  rise  in  a 
•mall  lake  2  miles  S.W.  of  Flosherton,  and  finds  its  outlet 
at  the  villngo  of  Thornbury,  on  Georgian  Bay. 

Beaver  River,  or  llrook'ville,  a  post-village  in 
Digby  CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  141  miles  N.  of  Yarmouth.    Pop.  150. 

Benvcr  River  Corner,  a  post-village  in  Yarmouth 
CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  at  the  mouth  of  Beaver  River,  13  miles 
N.  by  W,  of  Yarmouth.  Shipbuilding  is  carried  on  here. 
Pop.  400. 

Ilcaver  Rum,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex  oo.,  K.J.,  2  miles 
W.  of  Hamburg.  It  has  manufactures  of  ploughs  and  other 
farm-iuipleinents. 

Beaver  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Snyder  co..  Pa.,  is  at 
Adamsburg,  about  22  miles  N.E.  of  Lewistown. 

Beavertail',  the  southernmost  point  of  Canonicut 
Island,  Newport  co.,  R.I.  Lat.  41°  26'  56"  N.;  Ion.  71° 
23'  39"  W.     It  has  a  granite  light-house  and  a  fog-horn. 

Beaver  Timber,  a  post-office  of  Newton  co.,  Ind.,  15 
miles  N.  of  Kentland. 

Beaverton,  beo'v9r-t9n,  a  hamlet  of  Lamar  oo.,  Ala., 
35  miles  from  Aberdeen,  Miss.     It  has  a  church. 

Beaverton,  a  small  post-hamlet  of  Boone  co..  111.,  4 
miles  N.  of  Poplar  Grove.     It  bus  a  grist-mill. 

Beaverton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Oregon, 
12  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Portland ;  has  3  churches.   Pop.  300. 

Beaverton,  a  post-village  in  Ontiirio  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Lake  Simcoe,  at  the  mouth  of  Beaver  River,  66  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Port  Hope.  It  contains  an  iron-foundry,  mills, 
and  factories.     Pop.  700. 

Beavertown,  bee'v^r-tSwn,  a  village  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  0.,  in  Van  Buren  township,  4J  miles  from  Dayton.  It  has 
a  church,  a  graded  school,  and  a  quarry  of  fine  limestone. 

Beavertown,  a  post-village  of  Snyder  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Beaver  township,  on  the  Lewistown  division  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Sunbury.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  tannery,  a  foundry,  &c. 

Beaver  VaI'ley,  a  post-office  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Ala. 

Beaver  Valley,  a  small  post-village  of  New  Castle  co., 
Del.,  on  Brandy  wine  Creek,  about  8  miles  N.  of  Wilmington. 

Beaver  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  Catawissa  <k  Williamsport  Railroad,  23  miles  E.  of 
Danville.     It  has  1  or  2  churches,  a  store,  and  a  mill. 

Beaverville,  bee'v9r-vil,  a  post-office  of  Iroquois  co., 
III.,  is  at  St.  Mary,  a  hamlet  on  the  Cincinnati,  Lafayette  & 
Chicago  Railroad,  73  miles  S.  of  Chicago.     It  has  a  church. 

Bebayli-eNHagar,  be-bi'-el-h&'gar,orBebek-el- 
Ila^jar,  b4-bSk'  el  h&d'jar  (anc.  heum  ?)  a  ruined  town 
of  Egypt,  14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Mansoorah,  with  extensive 
remains  of  antiquity. 

Bebehan,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Behbehak. 

Bee,  or  Le  Bee,  l§h  bfik,  a  village  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Eure,  2  miles  from  Brionne.     Pop.  653. 

Becaguimec,  New  Brunswick.    See  Hautland. 

Becancour,  b4'k6s<»'koor',  a  large  river  of  Quebec, 
rises  in  the  co.  of  Beauce,  and,  flowing  through  the  cos.  of 
Megantic,  Arthabaska,  and  Nicolet,  falls  into  the  St.  Law- 
rence at  the  village  of  Becancour.    Total  length,  70  miles. 

Becancour,  the  chief  town  of  Nicolet  co.,  Quebec, 
is  at  the  mouth  of  the  Becancour  River,  80  miles  S.W.  of 
Quebec.     It  has  several  mills,  and  a  large  trade.     Pop.  600. 

Becancour  Station,  a  post- village  in  Megantic  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  Nicolet  River,  42  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of 
Quebec.     Pop.  100. 

Becca'na,  a  township  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.   Pop.  1239. 

Beccles,  bSk'klz,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Sunolk,  on 
the  navigable  river  Waveney,  at  a  railway  junction,  33 
miles  N.E.  of  Ipswich.  It  has  a  free  school,  a  grammar- 
school,  a  town  hall,  a  large  jail,  and  a  theatre.  By  the 
river,  Beccles  maintains  an  active  trade  in  coals  and  corn, 
and  a  good  deal  of  malting  is  carried  on.     Pop.  4844. 

Bec-du-Raz,  bdk-dil-r&z,  or  Point  Raz,  a  danger- 
ous promontory  on  the  W.  coast  of  France.  Lat.  48°  2'  12" 
N. :  Ion.  4°  43'  42"  W.    There  is  a  light-house  on  it. 

Becerril  de  Campos,  bd-thSR-reel'  d4  klra'poce,  a 
town  of  Spain,  19  miles  N.W.  of  Valencia.     Pop.  3000. 

Becherel,  baish'rSl',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ille-et-Vi- 
laine,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Ronnes.     Pop.  780, 

Becliin,  bi'Kin,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  circuit  of  Tabor,  54 
miles  S.  of  Prague.     Pop.  2137. 

Beclitelsville,  bSic'tflz-vIl,  a  post-village  of  Berks 
eo.,  Pa.,  in  Washington   township,  on    the   Colebrookdale 


Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Pottstown.  It  has  a  blast-furnaoe, 
a  srist-mill,  a  hotel,  and  about  SO  residences. 

Bechtheim,  bdKt'hlme,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  IIosss, 
19  miles  S.  of  Mcntz.     Pop.  1347. 

BechunnnH,  Betchuannaa,  bit-choo-l'nsz,  written 
also  Bichuuuas  and  Boshuanas,  bosh-oo&'n^z,  a  na- 
tion of  South  Africa,  inhabiting  the  country  N.  of  JaL 
27°  S.  and  between  Ion.  22°  and  28°  E.  They  are  suj)crior 
to  the  Kaffres  in  arts,  civilization,  and  personal  u|>])eanince, 
their  complexion  being  of  a  brighter  brown,  and  their  fea- 
tures more  European  ;  but  they  are  regarded  as  of  kindred 
stock,  both  being  ofishoots  of  the  Bantu  stem.  They  in- 
habit large  towns,  the  houses  of  which  are  well  constructed 
and  remarkable  for  their  neatness.  They  cultivate  the  soil, 
and  are  of  many  tribes.  Area  of  Bechuanaland  v>neluding 
Stellaland),  18,000  square  miles.     Pop.  478,000. 

Beckaneer,  India.    See  Bickaneer. 

Beckenried,  bdk'^n-reet^  a  village  of  Switzerland,  in 
Unterwalden,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Stanz,  on  the  Lake  of  Lu- 
cerne.     It  has  a  trade  in  mayenzieger  cheese.     Pop.  1308. 

Beck'er,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  Minne 
sota.  Area,  1440  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  lied 
River  of  the  North,  which  rises  within  its  limits.  The  sur- 
face is  elevated,  and  is  diversified  by  several  lakes,  one  of 
which  is  the  source  of  Red  River.  The  soil  is  mostly  pro- 
ductive. The  county  is  intersected  by  the  Northern  Papifio 
Railroad.  Capital,  Detroit  City.  Pop.  in  1875,  2256;  in 
1880,  5218;  in  1890,  9401. 

Becker,  a  post-village  of  Sherburne  co.,  Minn.,  on  Elli 
River,  and  on  the  St.  Paul  A  Pacific  Railroad,  56  miles  N.W, 
of  St.  Paul.  It  has  a  grain  elevator,  a  hotel  or  caravansary 
for  immigrants,  and  a  church.     Pop.  of  township,  440. 

Becker's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albany  oo.,  N.Y., 
about  10  miles  S.  of  Albany.     It  has  a  church. 

Beck'ersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  about  10 
miles  S.  of  Reading.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Beck'et,  or  North  Becket,  a  post-village  of  Berk- 
shire CO.,  Mass.,  in  Becket  township,  on  the  Boston  A  Al- 
bany Railroad,  37  miles  W.N.W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  tannery,  a  basket-factory,  a 
grist-mill,  Ac.  Here  is  Becket  Post-Office.  The  township 
is  hilly,  and  presents  attractive  scenery.     Pop.  in  1890,  946. 

Becket  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass., 
about  18  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsfield.     It  has  a  church. 

Becketts,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  oo.,  0.,  23 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Marietta. 

Beckley,  Kentucky.     See  Floyp's  Fork. 

Bcckley,  West  Virginia.     See  Raleigh  CouRT-IIorsB, 

Beck'leysville,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md., 
7  miles  from  Parkton  Station,  and  about  28  miles  N.  of  Bal- 
timore.    It  has  2  churches,  a  paper-mill,  and  26  houses. 

Beck's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  III. 

Beck's  Cut,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg,  Conncllsville 
<fc  Baltimore  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Bridgeport,  Bedford 
CO.,  Pa. 

Becks's  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co.,  Ind.,  about 
16  miles  S.W.  of  Columbus. 

Beck's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Ind., 
on  Blue  River,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Salem.  Here  is  a  grist- 
mill. 

Beck's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Holmes  co.,  0.,  8  milea 
S.E.  of  Millersburg. 

Beck's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co..  Pa., 
about  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pittsburg. 

Beck's  Run,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Virginia  A  Charleston  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of 
Pittsburg. 

Beckstein,  bSk'stine,  or  Bokstein,  bok'stine,  a  vil- 
lage of  Upper  Austria,  with  gold-  and  silver-mines  in  the 
valley  of  Gastein. 

Beckum,  bfik'kSom,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia* 
23  miles  S.E.  of  Munster.     Pop.  1800. 

Beck'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ind.,  3  miles 
N.  of  New  Ross  Railroad  Station.    It  has  2  churches. 

Beckville,  a  station  in  Caddo  parish,  La.,  on  the  Texas 
Pacific  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Shreveport. 

Beckville,  a  post-village  of  St.  Louis  co..  Mo.,  3  milei 
from  Cheltenham  Station,  which  is  5  miles  from  St.  Louis. 
It  has  3  churches. 

Beckville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Panola  co.,  Tex.,  25  miles 
S.  of  Marshall,  and  8  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Carthage.  It 
has  2  churches,  saw-  and  lumber-mills,  Ac. 

Beck'witli,  a  post-village  and  station  of  Jeflerson  co., 
Iowa,  in  Buchanan  township,  on  a  railroad,  a  few  miles  from 
Fairfield.  It  has  several  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  cheese- 
factory,  Ac. 

Beckwith}  a  post-village  of  Wilson  co.,  Tenn.,  on  th* 


BEC 


611 


iJED 


Tennessee  &  Pacific  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  Lebanon.     It 

has  2  churches.     The  name  of  its  station  is  Silver  Spring. 
I     Becse,  Wt'ch^h,  or  Old  Becse  (Hung.  0  Becie,  o  bet'- 
'  eh?h),  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Bacs,  on  the  Theiss,  50 

miles  S.  of  Szegedin.     Pop.  14,058. 

New,  or  Turkish  Br.csE  (  UJ  Becse,  oo'e  bSt'ch^h,  or 
I  Torok-Becse,  to^uok'-bSt'ch^h),   is   on  the   Theiss,  co.  of 

Torontal,  8  miles  E.  of  Old  Becse.     Pop.  719.3. 
j     Becskerek.    See  Kis-Becskkrek  and  Nagy-Becske- 

BEK. 

I  Beczko,  bJts'ko',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  9  miles 
'  S.W.  of  Trentschin.     Pop.  2300.     It  has  a  ruined  castle. 

lle'da,  a  post-ofiice  of  Ohio  co.,  Ky.,  is  at  Buckhorn. 

Be'dale',  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  North 
,  Riding,  32  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  York,  It  has  a  church 
)  erected  in  the  time  of  Edward  VI.,  a  grammar-school,  and 
2  hospitals  for  aged  men.     Pop.  1026. 

Bedarieux,  biMi're-uh',  a  town  of  France,  in  HIrault, 
on  the  Orb,  and  on  a  railway,  20  miles  N.  of  Beziers.  It  is 
neatly  built,  and  has  manufactures  of  woollens,  paper,  silks, 
glass,  hosiery,  hats,  oil,  leather,  and  cottons.     Pop.  8985. 

Bedarrides,  bi^daR^Reed'  (anc.  Bitnrrt'tee),  a  town  of 
France,  department  of  Vaucluse,  7  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of 
Avignon,  on  the  Ouveze.     Pop.  3066. 

Bedawee,  Bedawi,  or  Bedaween.    See  Bedouin. 

Beddgelart,  or  Bethgelcrt,  bSrii-ghSri^rt,  a  parish 
of  North  Wales,  cos.  of  Carnarvon  and  Merioneth.  Its  name 
is  said  (but  probably  without  truth)  to  commemorate  the 
old  legend  of  the  dog  Gelert.     Pop.  1423. 

Bed'dington,  a  post-township  of  Washington  co.,  Me., 
40  miles  E.  of  Bangor.     It  has  saw-mills.     Pop.  134. 

Bedeekarfee,  or  Bedikarfi,  bed-e-kar'fce,  a  large 
town  of  Africa,  kingdom  of  Bornoo,  110  miles  W.  of  Kooka, 
on  the  Yeoo.     Lat.  12°  45'  N.;  Ion.  12°  47'  E. 

Bedegoona,  Bedegouna,  orBede-Guna,  bid'e- 
goo'ni,  a  town  of  Africa,  kingdom  of  Bornoo,  130  miles  W. 
by  S.  of  Kooka,  and  80  miles  S.S.W.  of  Old  Birnie.  Lat. 
12°17'N.;  Ion.  12°  30' E. 

Bedeque,  b?-dak',  or  Centreville,  a  post-village  of 
Prince  co..  Prince  Edward  Island,  on  Bedeque  or  Hatifan 
Bay,  10  miles  S.  of  Summerside.     Pop.  300. 

Bed'ford,  Beds,  or  Bedfordshire,  bod'fprd-shjr, 
an  inland  county  of  England,  enclosed  by  the  counties  of 
Northampton,  Huntingdon,  Cambridge,  Herts,  and  Bucks. 
Extreme  length,  36  miles;  breadth,  23  miles.  Area,  461 
square  miles.  Surface  generally  level,  or  slightly  undu- 
lating, except  in  the  S.,  where  it  is  traversed  by  the  Chil- 
tern  Hills.  Principal  rivers,  the  Ouse,  Ivel,  and  Lea.  Soil 
producing  good  crops  of  wheat,  beans,  turnips,  and  garden- 
produce,  which  last,  with  butter,  is  raised  extensively  for 
the  London  market.  Principal  manufactures,  straw  plait, 
pillow-lace,  farm-tools,  and  machinery.  Chief  towns,  Bed- 
ford, Biggleswade,  Leighton-Buzzard,  Dunstable,  and  Luton. 
Several  railways  traverse  the  county.  It  returns  4  members 
to  the  House  of  Commons, — 2  for  the  county,  and  2  for  the 
borough  of  Bedford.     Pop.  in  1891,  160,729. 

Bedford,  a  borough  of  England,  capital  of  the  above 
county,  on  the  Ouse,  50  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  London. 
Pop.  16,850.  It  has  4  parish  churches;  a  famous  grammar- 
school,  founded  in  1556,  with  exhibitions  to  Oxford,  Cam- 
bridge, and  Dublin,  and  open  to  the  children  of  all  resident 
householders ;  free  and  blue-coat  schools ;  a  hospital,  founded 
in  the  reign  of  Edward  II. ;  and  45  almshouses,  Bedford 
has,  for  its  size,  more  public  endowments  than  any  other 
place  in  the  kingdom.  The  public  buildings  are  the  county 
nail,  jail,  house  of  correction,  lunatic  asylum,  infirmary, 
penitentiary,  a  public  library,  and  assembly-rooms.  The 
town  has  a  manufactory  of  straw  plait ;  but  its  principal 
trade,  which  is  carried  on  by  the  Ouse  with  Lynn  Regis,  is 
in  corn,  malt,  coals,  and  timber.  It  has  returned  2  mem- 
bers to  the  House  of  Commons  since  the  reign  of  Edward  I. 

Bedford,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  near 
the  Bolton  &  Leigh  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Newton-in- 
Maekerfield.  Pop.  6610,  employed  in  cotton-factories. 

Bed'ford,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Pennsylvania,  has 
an  area  of  about  950  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Raystown  Branch  of  the  Juniata  River,  and  by  Dunning's 
and  Wills  Creeks.  The  main  range  of  the  Alleghany  Moun- 
tains extends  along  the  W.  border  of  this  county,  the  sur- 
face of  which  is  diversified  by  several  high  ridges  and  val- 
leys of  limestone  formation.  The  soil  of  these  valleys  is 
fertile.  A  large  portion  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the 
chestnut,  hickory,  oak,  sugar-maple,  <fcc.  Wheat,  Indian 
corn,  oats,  and  rye  are  the  staple  products  of  the  soil. 
Bituminous  coal  is  mined  in  Broad  Top  Mountain  in  this 
county,  which  is  traversed  by  the  Bedford  division  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad.     Capital,  Bedford.     The  census 


returns  of  1890  show  the  total  product  of  bituminous  coal  in 
this  county  to  be  257,453  short  tons.  Pop.  in  1870,  29,635 ; 
1880,34,929;  in  1890,  38,644. 

Bedford,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Tennessee, 
has  an  area  of  about  550  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
Duck  River,  which  runs  nearly  westward.  The  surface  is 
undulating,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil 
is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  horses,  cattle,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products  of  this  county,  which  is  intersected  by 
the  Nashville  <t  Chattanooga  Railroad.  Capital,  Shelby  ville. 
Pop.  in  1870,  24,333;  in  1880,  26,025;  in  1890,  24,739. 

Bedford,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Virginia,  has  au 
area  of  about  675  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E. 
by  tlie  James  River,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  Staunton  River, 
and  is  partly  drained  by  Otter  Creek.  The  peaks  of  Otter, 
two  summits  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  rise  on  the  N.W.  border  of 
this  county  to  an  altitude  of  about  4200  feet  above  the  tide. 
Thesurfaceisbeautifully  diversified,  and  extensively  covered 
with  forests;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Tobacco,  wheat,  Indian 
corn,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad.  Capital,  Bedford 
City.  Pop.  in  1870,  25,327;  in  1880,  31,205;  in  1890, 
31,213. 

Bedford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co..  111.,  on  the  Illinois 
River,  about  25  miles  S.W.  of  Jacksonville.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  mill.     Pop.  100. 

Bedford,  a  township  of  Wayne  co..  111.  Pop.  1336. 
It  contains  Cisne  and  Enterprise. 

Bedford,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  Railroad,  71  miles 
N.W.  of  New  Albany,  and  3  miles  N.  of  the  East  Fork 
of  White  River,  Four  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.  It  has  a  national  bank,  a  graded  school,  the  Bedford 
Male  and  Female  College,  6  churches,  a  woollen-mill,  2 
planing-mills,  a  carriage-shop,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  3361. 

Bedford,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Taylor  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Benton  township,  on  the  One  Hundred  and  Two  River,  and 
on  the  Creston  Branch  of  the  Burlington  A  Missouri  River 
Railroad,  225  miles  W.  of  Burlington,  and  70  miles  N.  of 
St.  Joseph,  Mo,  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks  2  weekly  news- 
papers, and  a  woollen-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  1643. 

Bedford,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Trimble  co.,  Ky., 
about  5  miles  from  the  Ohio  River,  and  35  miles  N.E.  of 
Louisville.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  200. 

Bedford,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  In 
Bedford  township,  on  the  Middlesex  Central  Railroad,  18 
miles  N.W.  of  Boston,  also  on  the  Bedford  &  Billerica  Rail- 
road (narrow  gauge).  It  has  2  churches,  and  manuftvctures 
of  boots,  shoes,  brooms,  <tc.  The  township  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  Concord  River.     Pop.  of  township,  (1890)  1092. 

Bedford,  a  post-township  of  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.,  is 
drained  by  the  Kalamazoo  River,  and  is  adjacent  to  the 
city  of  Battle  Creek.  Pop.  1356.  Bedford  Station  is  on 
the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Battle 
Creek.  Here  is  a  hamlet  named  Bedford,  which  has  a 
church  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Bedford,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  1588. 
It  contains  Lambertville. 

Bedford,  a  township  of  Lincoln  co..  Mo.  Pop.  2325. 
It  contains  Troy. 

Bedford,  a  post-village  of  Livingston  co..  Mo.,  on  Grand 
River,  and  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Brunswick  with 
Chillicothe,  11  miles  S.E.  of  the  latter.  It  has  a  church,  3 
hotels,  2  tobacco-factories,  a  steam  grist-mill,  3  wagon-fac- 
tories, &c.     Pop.  about  450. 

Bedford,  a  post-township  of  Hillsborough  co.,  N.H., 
about  18  miles  S.  of  Concord,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Merrimac  River.  Bedford  Station,  near  the  limits  of  the 
township,  is  on  the  Manchester  &  North  AVeare  Railroad,  1 
mile  W.  of  Manchester.     Pop.  in  1890,  1102. 

Bedford,  a  former  village  of  Kings  co.,  N.Y.,  now  a 
part  of  Brooklyn. 

Bedford,  a  post-village  and  semi-capital  of  Westches- 
ter CO.,  N.Y.,  is  in  Bedford  township,  about  40  miles  N.N.E. 
of  New  York  City.  It  is  about  4  miles  E.  of  the  New  York 
&  Harlem  Railroad.  It  has  an  academy,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  several  churches.  (See  Bedford  Station.)  The  town- 
ship contains  other  villages,  named  Katonah  and  Mount 
Kisco.     Pop.  of  township,  3753. 

Bedford,  a  township  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.,  has  beds  of 
fine  cannel  coal.    Pop.  918.   The  post-office  is  West  Bedford. 

Bedford,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Cuyahoga  co., 
0.,  on  the  Cleveland  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  13  miles  S.E.  of 
Cleveland,  It  has  3  churches,  a  town  hall,  a  graded  school, 
2  chair- factories,  2  fiouring-mills,  and  other  business  houses. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1043. 

Bedford,  a  township  of  Meigs  co.,  0.    Pop.  1645. 


BBD 


612 


BEE 


Bedford,  a  poRt-borough,  capital  of  Bedford  oo.,  Pa., 
tD  the  Kiiystown  Branch  of  the  Juniata  River,  and  on  the 
Bwiford  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Ilaiiroad,  37  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Cumberland,  Md.,  about  40  miles  S.  of  Altoona, 
and  53  milea  S.S.W.  of  lluutingdon,  with  which  it  is  con- 
nected by  th«  UuutingdoD  &  Broad  Top  Ilaiiroad.  It  is 
situated  about  1  mile  from  Bedford  Springs,  a  fashionable 
summer  resort.  It  bos  8  churches,  a  fine  public  school- 
bouse,  2  weekly  nowi>papers,  2  banks,  2  steam  saw-  and 
Slaning-mills,  2  carriage-factories,  a  cigar-factory,  a  foun- 
ry,  a  steam  flour-mill,  &e.     Pop.  in  1890,  2242. 

Bedford)  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  co.,  Tenn.,  7  miles 
W.  of  Sholbyville.     It  has  several  stores. 

Bedford, a po:3t-villiigo  in  Missisquoi co.,Quebec,on Pike 
River,  2^  miles  from  Stanbridge.  It  contains  3  churches, 
several  stores  and  hotels,  and  manufactures  of  lumber, 
leather,  scythes,  &o.     Pop.  1200. 

Bedford  Basin,  a  post-village  in  Halifax  co..  Nova 
Scutia,  ut  the  head  of  Halifax  harbor,  8  miles  by  rail  from 
Halifax.     It  contains  a  woollen-factory,  paper-mills,  Ae. 

Bedford  Basin,  a  magnificent  sheet  of  water  of  Nova 
Scotia,  connected  by  a  narrow  arm,  called  the  Narrows,  with 
Hnlifiix  harbor.     It  is  6  miles  long  by  4  miles  wide. 

Bedford  City,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Bedford  co.,  Va., 
25  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Lynchburg.  It  has  8  churches,  2 
banks,  4  newspaper  oflSces,  4  educational  institutions,  and 
manufactures  of  woollens,  tobacco,  and  cigars,  agricultural 
implements,  knit  goods,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  2897. 

Bed'ford  Island,  in  the  South  Pacific,  lat.  21°  8'  30" 
S.,  Ion.  136°  38'  W.,  is  low  and  wooded,  and  apparently  a 
coral  reef,  enclosing  a  lagoon. 

Bed'ford  Lev'el,  an  extensive  tract  of  flat  land  on 
the  E.  coast  of  England,  embracing  nearly  all  the  marshy 
district  called  The  Fens,  and  extending  into  the  counties 
of  Cambridge,  Northampton,  Lincoln,  Huntingdon,  Norfolk, 
and  SuflFolk,  with  an  area  of  about  400,000  acres.  The  Ro- 
mans formed  an  immense  embankment  here,  which  excluded 
the  tide  and  rendered  the  district  for  a  time  very  fertile, 
until  the  sluices  became  choked  and  the  level  was  gradually 
converted  into  one  vast  morass.  Various  attempts  were 
made  to  drain  it  in  the  reigns  of  Henry  VI.  and  Charles  I., 
and  it  was  finally  reclaimed  by  the  Earl  of  Bedford  in  the 
seventeenth  century.  Under  Charles  II.  its  management 
was  intrusted  to  a  corporation,  which  still  exists.  This  tract 
produces  fine  crops  of  grain,  flax,  and  cole-seed ;  and  vast 
numbers  of  wild  ducks  are  caught  here  by  decoys. 

Bedford  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Bedford  co.,  Va.,  4  miles 
from  Bufordville  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  flouring-mill, 
a  saw-mill,  and  a  brick-yard. 

Bedford  Mills,  Ontario.    See  Newborocgh. 

Bedfordshire,  a  county  of  England.    See  Bedford. 

Bedford  Springs,  or  New  London,  a  post-village 
of  Campbell  co.,  Va.,  about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Lynchburg. 
It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Bedford  Springs,  Pennsylvania.    See  Bedford. 

Bedford  Station,  a  post-village  of  Westchester  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  &  Iiarlem  Railroad,  40  miles  N.N.E. 
of  New  York.     It  has  a  church. 

Bedias,  or  Bedais,  bee-diz',  a  post-village  of  Grimes 
CO.,  Tex.,  30  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Bryan.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bediknrfi,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Bedeekarfee. 

Bed'ington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berkeley  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Martins- 
burg.     It  has  1  or  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Bedizzole,  bi-dit'so-li,  a  village  of  Italy,  9  miles  S.E. 
of  Brescia,  near  the  Chiese.     Pop.  3805. 

Bedjtt^  bflj'i,  a  district  of  Nubia,  lying  along  the  W. 
coast  of  the  Red  Sea,  and  extending  N.  from  Suakin  to 
Cape  Camol,  between  lat.  19°  and  22°  30'  N.  It  is  chiefly 
inhabited  by  the  Bisharye,  a  tribe  of  Bedouins. 

Bedles,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Bitlis. 

Bed'lington,  a  town  and  parish  of  Northumberland, 
England,  4  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Morpeth,  of  which  it  forms 
a  jmrt.     It  has  coal-mines  and  iron-works.     Pop.  13,494. 

Bed'loe's  Island  (so  called  from  a  former  proprietor), 
in  New  York  harbor,  IJ  miles  S.W.  of  the  Battery,  is  the 
property  of  the  United  States.     Here  is  Fort  Wood. 

Bed'minster,  a  post-township  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J., 
about  15  miles  S.W.  of  Morristown,  is  drained  by  the  North 
Branch  of  the  Raritan  River.  It  contains  hamlets  named 
Pluckemin,  Peapack,  and  Bedminster.  The  last  is  8  miles 
N.  of  Somerville.     Pop.  1881. 

Bedminster,  a  post-village  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  in  Bed- 
minster township,  about  35  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  carriage-shop,  Sec.  The  township  contains 
a'hamlet  named  Pipersville.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2370. 

Bednore,  bed^nor',  a  town  of  Southern  India,  Mysore 


dominions,  150  miles  N.W.  of  Seringapatam.  It  was  for> 
mcrly  a  city  of  wealth. 

Bedonia,  b&-do'no-&,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  8  miles 
W.  of  Borgo  Taro,  at  the  foot  of  Monte  Selpi.  It  hug  a 
church,  medical  college,  and  elementary  schools.     Po]).  4787. 

B6douin,  b&Mw&N<>',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Vaucluse,  10  miles  from  Carpentras.  It  has  manufactures 
of  pottery-ware,  and  silk-spinning.     Pop.  2486. 

Bedouin,  or  Bcduin,  bdd'oo-in,  written  also  Bed* 
awee,  Bedawi,  and  Ahl  Bedoo  ("inhabitants  of  the 
open  land,"  so  called  to  distinguish  them  from  Ahl  J/udr, 
the  "  dwellers  in  towns"),  an  Arabic  mime  for  people  of  the 
nomadic  tribes  of  Arabian  stock,  whether  dwellers  in  Arabia, 
Africa,  or  any  other  country.  These  clans  are  partly  of 
southern  or  "pure  Arab"  blood,  the  so-called  Arabs  of  the 
Arabs,  and  partly  of  the  northern  or  su])posed  Ishmaelite 
descent  (called  Mustareb).  Professionally  they  are  shep. 
herds  and  breeders  of  horses,  camels,  and  other  stock ;  but 
in  many  places  they  are  robbers  also.  Ignorant  of  books, 
they  are  educated  in  hand  and  eye,  and  possess,  as  a  rule, 
much  native  intelligence,  and  a  fertile  imagination.  They 
are  given  to  inter-tribal  warfare  and  to  personal  and  family 
feuds  ;  and,  althouigh  their  moral  standard  is  by  no  means 
high,  they  are  generally  free  from  the  grosser  forms  of  vice, 
and  among  the  higher  classes  there  are  men  of  much  dig- 
nity and  worth. 

Bedoune,  a  town  of  Mancbooria.    See  Petoone. 

Bedous,  b?hMoo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Basses-Pyr^- 
n6es,  12  miles  S.  of  Oloron.  Pop.  1100.  It  has  a  custom- 
house, and  is  near  the  Spanish  frontier. 

Bedr  (bWr),  written  also  Badr,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in 
El  Ilejaz,  175  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mecca.  Here  Mohammed 
gained  his  first  battle  over  the  people  of  Mecca.     Pop,  6500. 

Bedretto,  bi-drfit'to,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
of  Ticino,  4  miles  W.S.W.  of  Airolo.     Pop.  297. 

Bcdum,  bi'diim,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Gro- 
ningen,  11  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Appingedam.     Pop.  4323. 

Bee,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area 
of  about  900  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Aransas 
River  and  Medio  Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level ;  the 
soil  produces  pasture  for  cattle  and  sheep,  the  principal  pro- 
ductions of  the  county.  Capital,  Beeville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
1082;  in  1880,  2298;  in  1890,  3720. 

Bee,  a  post-village  of  Seward  co.,  Neb.,  8  miles  by  rail 
N.  of  Seward.     It  has  a  bank. 

Bee  Bayou,  bl'oo,  a  station  in  Richland  parish,  La., 
on  the  Vicksburg  &  Shreveport  Railroad,  47  miles  W.  of 
the  Mississippi  River. 

Bee'be,  a  post-village  of  White  co..  Ark.,  33  miles  by 
rail  N.E.  of  Little  Rock,  It  has  7  fine  churches,  a  flour- 
mill,  a  bank,  public  schools,  a  newspaper  oQice,  &o. 

Beebe  Plain,  a  post-village  in  Stanstead  co.,  Quebec, 
on  the  Vermont  Line,  26  miles  by  rail  from  Lennoxville. 
Pop.  100. 

Beebe  Plain,  a  post-office  of  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  con- 
tiguous to  the  above. 

Bee  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Van  Buren  co..  Ark., 
about  60  miles  N.  of  Little  Rock, 

Bee  Branch,  a  township  of  Chariton  co.,  Mo.  Pop. 
1593.     It  contains  Bynumville. 

Bee  Caves,  a  post-hamlet  of  Travis  co.,  Tex.,  17  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  Austin. 

Beech,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  is  at  Fisher's, 
14  miles  W.  of  Detroit. 

Beech,  a  post-office  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  4  miles  from 
Pataskala  Railroad  Station. 

Beech  Bottom,  a  post-office  of  Webster  co.,  W.  Va. 

Beech  Branch,  a  hamlet  in  Beaufort  co.,  S.C,  8  miles 
from  Bronson  Station.     It  ha«  2  churches. 

Beech  Cliff,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa. 

Beech  Creek,  Tennessee,  rises  in  Henderson  co.,  runs 
eastward  through  Decatur  co.,  and  enters  the  Tennessee 
River  at  Decaturville. 

Beech  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Ashley  co.,  Ark. 

Beech  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Haralson  co.,  Ga. 

Beech  Creek,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
2059.     It  contains  Newark. 

Beech  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Watauga  co.,  N.C. 

Beech  Creek,  a  station  in  Centre  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Bellefonte  <fe  Snow  Shoe  Railroad,  3  miles  E.  of  Snow  Shoe. 

Beech  Creek,  a  post-borough  of  Clinton  co..  Pa.,  in 
Beech  Creek  township,  and  on  a  creek  of  the  same  name,  8 
miles  S.W.  of  Lock  Haven,  and  1  mile  from  the  Bald  Eagle 
Valley  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  a  grist-mill, 
and  3  saw-mills.     Pop.  of  township,  887. 

Beech  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Logan  co.,  W.  Va. 

Beech'er,  a  post-hamlet  of  Willoo.,  III.,  on  the  Chicago, 


BEE 


613 


BEE 


1  Eastern  Illinois  Railroad,  45  miles  S.  of  Chicago.  It 
has  2  churches,  public  and  German  schools,  a  newspaper 
office,  Ac.     Pop.  about  700. 

Beecher  City,  a  post- village  of  Effingham  co..  111.,  66 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
graded  school,  a  flouring-mill,  and  several  stores  and  other 
business  places.     Pop.  about  300. 

Beech  throve,  a  post-town  of  McLean  co.,  Ky.,  about 

2  miles  from  Green  River,  and  8  miles  E.  of  Sebree  Station 
of  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad.  It  has  4  ohurchea 
and  an  academy.     Pop.  600. 

Beech  Grove,  a  post- village  of  Coffee  co.,  Tenn.,  about 
50  miles  S.E.  of  Nashville.  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  and  a 
school  called  Beech  Grove  College. 

Beech  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mason  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Great  Kanawha  River,  about  10  miles  S.E.  of  Point 
Pleasant.     It  has  2  stores,  and  is  a  shipping-point  for  timber. 

Beech  Island,  a  post-hamlet  of  Aiken  co.,  S.C.,  on 
the  Port  Royal  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Augusta,  Ga. 

Beech'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Ky.,  16 
miles  N.  of  Lebanon.     It  has  a  ilour-mill. 
,    Beech  Ridge,  a  station  in  Alexander  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Cairo  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Cairo. 

Beech  River,  orBeech  Fork  of  Salt  River,  rises 
near  the  middle  of  Kentucky.  It  runs  southwestward  and 
westward  with  a  very  tortuous  course,  intersects  Nelson 
CO.,  and  enters  the  Rolling  Fork  of  Salt  River  about  9 
miles  N.E.  of  Elizabethtown. 

Beech  Spring,  a  township  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C. 
Pop.  3280.     It  contains  Vernonville. 

Beech  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Va.,  8  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  Jonesville.     It  has  several  stores. 

Beech  Springs,  a  post-villnge  of  Neshoba  co.,  Miss., 
24  miles  N.  of  Newton.     It  has  2  churches,  and  an  academy 

BeechtOAvn,  Union  co.,  0.    See  Fuankfoiit. 

Beech  Tree,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co..  Pa.,  21 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Ridgway.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
graded  school.  The  chief  industry  is  coal-mining.  Pop. 
about  900. 

Beech'ville  (North  Branch  Post-Office),  a  post-villago 
of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.,  i,p  North  Branch  township,  12  miles 
N.E.  of  Lapeer.  It  has  2  churches,  2  flour-mills,  a  saw- 
mill, a  foundry,  and  a  sash-  and -blind-factory. 

Beech'>voo.d,  a  post-hamlet  of  Norfolk  co.,  Ma.°8.,  in 
Cohasset  township^  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Boston.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  shoe-factory. 

Beechwoo4«  a  post-hamlet  of  Cameron  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Philadelphia  <fc  Erie  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Emporium. 

Beechwood,  a  post-office  of  Sheboygan  co..  Wis. 

Beech'worjh,  a  village  of  Victoria,  Australia,  near 
Ovens  River,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Albury,  in  a  rich  quartz- 
mining  region.     It  has  a  good  trade.     Pop.  2866. 

Bee  Creek,  a  post-hanilet  of  Pike  co..  111.,  in  Pearl 
township,  5i  miles  from  Pearl  Railroad  Station. 

Bee  Creek,  a  township  of  Mitchell  co.,N.C.     Pop.  189. 

Beeder,  Bider,  Bidar,  or  Beder,  bee'd^r,  one  of 
the  old  provinces  of  India,  between  lat.  16°  and  20°  N.  and 
Ion.  76°  and  80°  E.,  now  included  in  the  Nizam's  dominions. 

Beeder,  a  fortified  city  of  India,  the  former  capital  of 
the  above,  75  mile?  N.W.  of  Hyderabad.  It  was  formerly  a 
great  city,  and  is  still  a  large  town. 

Beef  Island,  a  small  islet  of  the  Virgin  Islands, 
British  West  Indies,  just  E.  of  Tortola. 

Bee  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Reynolds  co..  Mo. 

Beek,  baik,  a  village  of  the  Nestherlands,  in  Limburg, 
6V  miles  N.E.  of  Maestricht.  Pop.  2515.  Beck  is  also  the 
name  of  several  villages  in  Belgian  Limbourg. 

Beek,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  circle  of  Duisburg,  near 
tilt!  confluence  of  the  Emsche  and  the  Rhino.     Pop.  7310. 

Beek'man,  or  Beek'manville,  a  post-village  of 
Dutchess  CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Beekman  township,  15  miles  S.E.  of 
I'oughkeepsie.  It  has  a  church.  The  township  has  beds 
of  marble  and  mines  of  iron,  and  includes  part  of  the  Fish- 
kill  Mountains.  It  contains  hamlets  named  Green  Haven, 
I'liughquag,  and  Sylvan  Lake.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1486. 

Beek'man's  Cor'ners,  a  hamlet  of  Schoharie  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Sharon  township,  3  miles  from  Seward  Station,    it 
.  has  a  church.     Pop.  20. 

Beek'inantown,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  N.IT., 
in  Beekmantown  township,  4i  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Platts- 
burg.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  starch-factory.     The  town- 
,  ship  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Lake  Champlain,  and  is  inter- 
sected by  the  railroad  from  Plattsburg  to  Mooers.     Pop.  2383. 
Beekmantown,  or  North  Tar'rytown,  a  village 
.  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  is  a  suburb  of  Tarrytown,  on  the 
;  Hudson  River.     It  has  4  churches,  the  Irving  Institute,  and 
manufactures  of  edge-tools  and  shoes.     Pop.  in  1890,  3179. 


Bee'ler's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co., 
W.  Va.,  8  miles  from  Moundsville.     It  has  a  church. 

Bee'ler's  Sum'mit,  in  Washington  co.,  Md.,  is  a 
station  on  the  Washington  County  Branch  of  the  Baltimore 
&  Ohio  Railroad,  17  miles  S.  of  Hagerstown. 

Bee  Lick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  Ky.,  10  milei 
from  Crab  Orchard.     It  has  a  church. 

Bee  Log,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yancey  co.,  N.C.,  40  miles 
N.W.  of  Marion.     It  has  2  churches. 

Beemah,  or  Bhima,  bee'mi,  a  river  of  Southern 
India,  rises  40  miles  N.  of  Poonah,  flows  S.E.,  and  joins  the 
Kistnah  15  miles  S.W.  of  Muktul.     Length,  500  miles. 

Bee'mer,  a  post- village  of  Cuming  co.,  Neb.,  9  miles 
N.W.  of  West  Point.     Pop.  250. 

Bee'nierville,a  post-village  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  about 
35  miles  N.W.  of  Paterson.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  200. 

Beemster,  baim'st?r,  one  of  the  most  populous  of  the 
polderb  or  drained  grounds  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North 
Holland,  13  miles  N.  of  Amsterdam.  It  has  an  area  of  8000 
acres,  with  a  village  called  Beemster.     Pop.  3817. 

Beer,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Bir. 

Becr-Al'ston,  il'stQU,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Devon,  near  the  Tamar,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Plymouth. 

Beeranah,  bee-ri'ni,  a  village  of  Hindostan,  in  the 
province  of  Ajmeer,  60  miles  N.W.  of  Ilansi. 

Beerbhoom,  or  Birbhum,  beer'b'hoom'  (Sanscrit, 
Virabhiimi,  "land  of  heroes"),  the  northernmost  district  of 
the  Burdwan  division,  Bengal,  enclosed  by  Burdwan  and 
Moorshedabad  districts  and  the  Santal  Pergunnahs.  Capital, 
Beerbhoom.     Area,  1344  square  miles.     Pop.  696,943. 

Beerbhoom,  or  Soo'ry  (Suri),  a  town  of  India,  capi- 
tal of  the  above  district,  lat.  23°  54'  25"  N.,  Ion.  87°  34'  2.V' 
E.,  52  miles  S.W.  of  Moorshedabad.     Pop.  9000. 

Beereh-Jeek,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Bm. 

Beerfelden,  baiR'fdl-d^n,  a  village  of  Hesse,  on  *,he 
Miimling,  23  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mannheim.     Pop.  2643. 

Beerjoon,  a  town  of  Persia.    Sec  Bhibjan. 

Beernem,  bain'n^m,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  We.i» 
Flanders,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  3900. 

Beeroo,  Beroo,  or  Biru,  bee^roo',  a  kingdom  of 
West  Africa,  N.  of  Bambarra. 

Beer-Rje'gis,  a  market-town  and  parish  of  England, 
CO.  of  Dors€\t,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Warfeham.     Pop.  1336. 

Beers,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  about  13 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Pittsburg. 

Beerse,  bain's^h,  or  Bcerze,  baiu'z§h,  a  river  of  the 
Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant,  an  affluent  of  the  Dommel, 
into  which  it  falls  near  Boxtel. 

B.ee^rsheba,  b^-er'she-ba  (anc.  Bir-es-Seha),  a  ruined 
border  town  of  Palestine,  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Jerusalem.  It 
was  a  favorite  station  of  the  patriarch  Abraham,  and  the 
southern  limit  of  the  Promised  Land. 

Beersheba  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Grundy  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Cumberland  Table  Land,  is  a  watering-place, 
5  miles  N.  of  Altamont.  Here  is  a  chalybeate  spring,  with  a 
hotel,  1800  feet  above  the  level  of  Nashville. 

Beersville,  beerz'vil,  a  hamlet  of  Northampton  co..  Pa., 
4  miles  from  Bath  Station,  and  i  mile  from  Petersville  Post- 
Office.     It  has  a  store  and  13  dwellings. 

Beerta,  bain'ti,  a  vilhige  of  the  Netherlands,  province 
and  24  miles  E.  by  S,  of  Groningen.     Pop.  3743. 

Beeskow,  bi'skov,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg, 
17i  miles  S.W.  of  Frankfort,  on  the  Spree,  has  kilns  and 
breweries,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  and  linen  fabrics. 
Pop.  4227. 

Beesley's  (beez'ljz)  Point,  a  post-village  of  Cape 
May  CO.,  N.J.,  in  Upper  township,  on  the  sea-coast,  at  the 
mouth  of  Great  Egg  Harbor  River,  about  14  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Atlantic  City.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  hotel.  The  houses 
are  on  a  single  street  several  miles  in  length. 

Bee'son's,  a  station  in  Fayette  co.,  Ind.,  5  miles  N. 
of  Connersville. 

Bee  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Edmondson  co.,  Ky.,  10 
miles  from  Brownsville. 

Bee^sulnug'ger,  or  Bis^na'gar,  a  town  of  India, 
in  Guzerat,  120  miles  N.N.W.  of  Baroda.  It  is  a  seat  of 
trade,  and  has  cotton  manufactures.     Pop.  18,000. 

Beesulpoor,  or  Bisalpur,  bee^siil-poor',  a  town  of 
India,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Bareilly.     Pop.  9250. 

Beesulpoor,  or  Bisalpur,  a  town  of  India,  state  of 
Joodpoor,  18  miles  E.  of  Joodpoor.     Pop.  4050. 

Beetgum,  bait'gum,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Friesland,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Leeuwarden.     Pop.  952. 

Bee'ton,  a  post-town  of  Simcoe  co.,  Ont.,  69  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Hamilton.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks,  publio 
and  private  schools,  3  newspaper  offices,  Ac.    Pop.  about  800. 

Bee'town,  apost-village  of  Grant  co..  Wis,,  in  Beetotir* 


SBle 


614 


BEJ 


hip,  about  26  mllM  N.N.W.  of  Dubuque,  and  80  miles 
V.S.W.  of  Madison.  It  has  2  churches,  and  a  furnace  for 
•melting  lend.     Pop.  of  townHhip,  1717. 

Ilec'ville,  on  mcorpornted  city,  cajdtnl  of  Bee  co.,  Tex., 
»t  the  terminus  of  the  Gulf,  Western  Texns  i,  Paciflc  Rnil- 
way,  and  on  the  Sun  Antonio  A,  Aransas  I'Siss  Railway,  02 
miles  8.  by  E.  from  San  Antonio.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
national  bank,  a  high  school,  a  masonic  temple  which  cost 
$10,0U0,  and  2  newspnper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  1311. 

Befort)  ft  town  of  Fninoe.    Sec  Bbltoiit. 

Bega,  bA'guh^,  a  river  of  Eastern  Hungary,  joins  the 
Theiss  21  tnilus  E.  of  Peterwardcin. 

Bcgard,  b^h-gan',  a  village  of  France,  in  C6tcs-du- 
Nonl,  7  miles  N.W.  of  (Juingamp.     Pop.  4653. 

Be{;-Baznnr,a  town  of  Asiii  Minor.    See  Bri-Bazaii. 

Bt'jjcnider,  b^-j^lifim'd^r,  a  province  of  Abyssinia,  E. 
of  Di'iiibca,  about  2(10  miles  long,  and  50  or  60  miles  wide. 

Begharmi^aouuntryof  Central  Africa.    SceBAGiiiRMi. 

Beghram,  b6'gr&m',  a  plain  and  the  remains  of  a  city 
of  Afgliftnistiin,  35  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cabool. 

Bcgis,  A  town  of  Spain.    See  Beji». 

Begkos,  bdg'kos^,  Beikos,  or  Beicos,  b&'kos,  a 
large  village  in  Asia  Minor,  on  a  bay  of  its  own  name  in 
the  Bosporus,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Scutari.  In  ancient  Greek 
mythology  this  locality  was  the  scene  of  the  contest  between 
Pollux  and  Amycus. 

Begles,  bai'g'l,  a  village  of  France,  in  Girondc,  2  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  liordeaux,  on  the  Garonne.     Pop.  4764. 

Beg-Sheher,b5g-shSH'her,  Beg-Shehr,b4g-sh8H'r', 
or  Bey-Sheher,  bi-shdH'h^r,  a  lake  and  river  of  Asia 
Minor.  The  lake  (probably  the  ancient  Coraltt  or  Kara- 
jeli),  44  miles  S.W.  of  Konieh,  is  about  20  miles  long, 
from  5  to  10  miles  broad,  and  contains  many  islnnds.  It 
discharges  itself  into  the  Soglah  Lake,  25  miles  S.E.,  bythe 
Beg-Sheher  River;  the  towns  of  Beg-Sheher  and  Kereli  are 
on  its  E.  shore. 

Beg-Sheher,  b5g-sh4H'h?r  or  shaih'h^r,  Bei-She- 
her,  or  Bey-Sheher,  bi-shin'h^r,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor, 
38  miles  S.W.  of  Konieh,  on  both  sides  of  the  river  Beg- 
Bhehcr,  here  crossed  by  a  stone  bridge  of  seven  arches. 

Behar,  India.    See  Bahar,  also  Cooch  Bahar. 

Behbehan,  or  Babahan,  b&-b.^-h&n',  a  walled  town 
of  Persia,  province  of  Fars,  in  a  fertile  plain,  130  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Sheeraz.     Pop.  4000. 

Behera,  bd.-H4'rd,,  one  of  the  seven  prefectures  of  Lower 
Egypt,  is  a  fertile  cotton-growing  tract,  traversed  by  the 
Mahmoodeeyeh  Canal  and  the  Alexandria-Cairo  Railway. 
Capital,  Damanhoor.     Pop.  214,293. 

Behistun,  bA'his-toon',  Bisntnn,  bee^soo-toon',  or 
Baghistan,  bigMs-tin'  (nno.  Mong  Bagiata'nm),  a  moun- 
tain-side in  Persia,  province  of  Irak-Ajemee,  27  miles  E. 
of  Kermanshah,  with  a  very  remarkable  inscription  in  the 
cuneiform  writing,  nnd  minor  records  in  Arabic  and  Greek. 
The  main  inscription,  first  translated  by  Rawlinson  in  1846, 
records  the  exploits  of  Darius  Ilystaspes,  and  dates  from 
the  fifth  century  B.C. 

Behle,  bi'l?h,  a  village  of  Prussia,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Czamikow.     Pop.  2318. 

Behneseh,bdh^nds'^h,  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  the  Bahr- 
Yoosuf  (Joseph's  Canal),  48  miles  S.S.W.  of  Beni-Sooef.  It 
has  ruins  of  the  ancient  Oxi/ri/nchus. 

B^hobie,  b.Vo'bee',  or  Behobia,  bA-ho-bee'i,  a  ham- 
let of  France,  in  Basses-Pyr6n6es,  with  acustom-house  in  the 
pass  of  the  Pyrenees,  on  the  route  to  Spain.     Pop.  200. 

Behrend,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Beuent. 

Behrens,  bee'rgnz,  a  post-hamlet  and  s'tation  of  Cham- 
paign CO.,  III.,  in  East  Bend  township,  on  the  Havana, 
Ilantoul  &  Enstern  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Ralitoul.  It 
has  2  stores  and  8  or  9  houses. 

Behring  (bee'ring ;  Dan.  prwn.  bi'ring)  Bay,  Yakn- 
tat  (y&'koo-tit)  Bay,  or  Aa'miralty  Bay,  Alaska,  an 
inlet  of  the  Pacific,  about  lat.  59°  45'  N.,  Ion.  139°  45'  W. 
r  Behring  Sea,  or  Sea  of  Kamchat'ka,  is  that  part 
of  the  North  Pacific  Ocean  between  the  Aleutian  Islands, 
in  lat.  55°  N.,  and  Behring  Strait,  in  lat.  66°  N.,  by  which 
latter  it  communicates  with  the  Arctic  Ocean.  It  has  on  its 
W.  side  Kamchatka  and  the  Chookchee  country,  with  the 
Gulf  of  Anadeer,  and  on  its  E.  side  Alaska,  with  Norton 
Sound  and  Bristol  Bay.  It  contains  several  large  islands, 
and  receives  the  Anadeer,  Yukon,  and  other  large  rivers. 
It  is  in  general  shallow,  with  a  muddy  bottom.  Fogs  are 
almost  perpetual  in  this  sea. 

Behring's  Island,  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Behring  Sea, 
one  of  the  Commander  Group,  a  Russian  island,  sometimes 
regarded  as  one  of  the  Aleutians.  Lat.  (W.  point)  65°  17'  N.; 
Ion.  165°  46'  E.  It  was  named  from  the  navigator  Behring, 
who  died  on  the  island,  December  8,  1741. 


Behring*s  River,  Alaska.    9ee  AijiExn. 

Behring  Strait,  the  channel  which  separatci  Anta 
and  America  at  their  nenrcpt  npjiroach  to  each  other,  and 
C(mncct«  the  Arctic  with  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Between  Kunt 
Cape  (Asia),  lat.  66°  6'  N.,  Ion.  169°  38'  W.,  and  Ciii)e  Prince 
of  Walei  (Alaaka),  lat.  66°  46'  N.,  Ion.  168°  15'  E.,  it  is  36 
miles  across.  Its  depth  in  the  middle  is  about  30  fathomti. 
Shores  rocky,  bare,  and  greatly  indented.  It  wiis  dis- 
covered by  Vitus  Behring  in  1728.  It  contains  the  Diomcde 
Islands. 

Bchiit,  one  of  the  rivers  of  the  Punjab.    See  .InvMTr. 

Bei-Bazar,  bi-b&Ear',  or  Beg-Bazaar,  big-bi- 
zar',  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Sakarceyah, 
62  miles  W.  of  Angora.     Pop.  4750. 

Bcicos,  or  Beikos.    See  Beokos. 

Beicrthcim,  bi'vr-time^  a  village  of  Baden,  near 
Carlsruhe,  with  niinerni  springs.     Pop.  1110. 

Beigerland,  or  Beijerland.    See  Beyerlard. 

Beila,  Beilah,orBeylah,  Beloochistan.  See  Bela. 

Beilan,  b^-l&n',  a  town  and  pass  of  Syria,  on  the  E. 
side  of  the  Gulf  of  Iskanderoon.  The  pass,  between  fho 
mountains  Rhossus  and  Amanus,  is  considered  identical 
with  the  Amanian  Gates  of  antiquity.  The  town,  near  the 
crest  of  the  pass,  has  stone  houses  and  numerous  nqucduots. 
Here  the  Egyptians  defeated  the  Turks  in  1832.    Pop.  61)00. 

Beilen,  or  Beylen,  bi'l?n,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  Drcnthe,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Assen.  Pop.  of  com- 
mune, 3910. 

Beilngries,  bil'n'grces',  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
Altmuhl,  18  miles  N.  of  Ingolstadt.     Pop.  1620. 

Beit  stein,  blle'stine,  a  town  of  Wilrtemberg,  7  miles 
S.E.  of  Heilbronn.     Pop.  1426. 

Beira,  or  Beyra,  M'e-r&,  a  province  of  Portugal,  be- 
tween lat.  39°  30'  and  41°  .30'  N.  and  Ion.  6°  40'  and  9°  50' 
W.,  having  on  the  E.  Spain,  and  on  the  W.  the  Atlantic. 
Area,  9244  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1875, 1,319,598.  Surface 
mountainous,  traversed  by  the  Serra  da  Estrella;  soil  not 
fertile.  Chief  rivers,  the  Douro,  forming  the  N.  boundary, 
and  the  Tagus,  on  tbe  S.  frontier.  Products,  wine,  wheat, 
barley,  maize,  olives,  and  fruits.  Chief  towns,  Coimbia, 
Ovnr,  Aveiro,  Viseu,  and  Lamcgo.  It  consists  of  iliree 
divisions,  Beira-Alta,  Beira-Baixa,  and  Beira-Mar.  The 
heir-apparent  to  the  throne  has  the  title  of  Prince  of  Beira. 

Beirne,  hern,  a  post-village  of  Clark  co..  Ark.,  18  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Arkadelphia.  It  has  2  churches,  and  a 
saw-  and  planing-mill.     Pop-  200. 

Beirut,  Beiront,  or  Beiroot.    See  Bkyroot. 

Beisan,  bi's&n  (anc.  Belhuhan  ond  Sci/thop' "I is),  a,  vil- 
lage of  Palestine,  near  the  Jordan,  65  miles  N.N.E.  of  Jeru- 
salem. It  has  remains  of  an  acropolis,  a  Roman  bridge, 
fragments  of  houses  and  columns,  a  theatre,  excavated 
tombs,  &c, 

Bei-Shehr,  Asia  Minor.     See  Beg-Sheher. 

Beitavend,  bi't3,-v{nd',  a  village  of  Persia,  in  Irak- 
Ajemee,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Shooster. 

Beiteen,  or  Beitin,  a  town  of  Palestine.   See  Bethel. 

Beit-el-Fakih,  bit^-el-fi'kdn^  ("  house  of  a  saint"),  a 
maritime  town  of  Arabia,  in  Yemen,  on  the  Red  Sea,  37  miles 
N.  of  Hodeida.  Pop.  about  8000.  It  is  a  large,  open  town, 
with  a  strong  citadel,  a  mosque,  and  Idouses  of  brick  and 
clay.  Coffee,  wax,  gums,  coin,  pearls,  and  incense  are  car- 
ried hence  by  caravans  from  all  parts  of  Arabia. 

Beit-el-Lehni,avilIageof  Palestine.  See  Bethlehem. 

Beit-el-Ma,  bif-el-mS,',  a  village  of  Syri.a,  on  the 
Orontes,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Antioch,  supposed  to  occupy  a 
portion  of  the  site  of  the  ancient  Dnphne. 

Beith,  beeth,  a  town  of  Scotland,  cos.  of  Ayr  and  Ren- 
frew, 20  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Ayr.     Pop.  3707. 

Beith's  (beeths)  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Desha  co., 
Ark.,  on  the  Mississippi  River. 

Beit-Jibreen  (Jibrin).    See  ELECTHEnoroLis. 

Beitoor-el-Foka  and  Beitoor-ci-Tahta,  vil- 
lages of  Palestine,     See  Beth-Hoho.v. 

Beit'ner's,  a  station  in  Grand  Traverse  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Traverse  City  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Traverse  City. 

Beitstad,  bifptid,  a  town  of  Norway,  65  miles  N.E.  of 
Trondhjem,  on  Beitstad-fiord.     Pop.  2700. 

Beja,  bA.'zh&  (anc.  Pax  Ju'lin),  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
Alemtejo,  50  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Evora.  It  has  a 
castle,  cathedral,  hospital,  tanneries,  nnd  a  manufacture  of 
earthenwares,  and  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  6606. 

Beja,  bi'zhi,  a  village  of  Brazil,  on  the  Rio  Pard,  35 
miles  S.W.  of  Pard. 

Beja,  orBcgia,  a  town  of  Africa,  60  miles  W.  of  Tunis. 

Bejapoor,  bc'ja-poor'  (formerly  written  Visiapour), 
an  old  province  of  Southern  India,  between  lat.  15°  and 
18°  N.  and  Ion.  73°  and  78°  E.,  intersected  by  the  Kistnah 


BEJ 


615 


BEL 


Kirer,  and  bounded  southward  by  its  tributary  the  Toom- 
bnddra.  It  is  now  subdivided  among  the  dominions  of  the 
NiM.ni,  the  British  districts  of  Concan,  Poonah,  Darwar,  Ac, 
■nd  the  Portuguese  territory  of  Goa. 

Bejapoor  (Bijapur,or  Byaipar,  formerly  Visia- 
pour,  or  Vijayapura),  a  city  of  India,  once  the  splendid 
eapital  of  the  sovereignty  of  the  same  name,  but  now  prin- 
cipally in  ruins.  Its  remains  are  of  a  deeply  interesting  char- 
acter. It  is  245  miles  S.E.  of  Bombay,  in  the  Sattarah 
district.     Pop.  13,245. 

Bejapoor,  a  town  of  the  Guicowar's  dominions,  40  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Ahmedabad.     Lat.  23°  37'  N. ;  Ion.  72°  46'  E. 

Bejar,  bi-HaR',  a  town  of  Spain,  45  miles  S.  of  Sala- 
manca, in  the  valley  of  the  Sierra  de  Bejar.     It  has  cloth- 
Kinufftctories.     Pop.  10,683. 
Bejar,  a  county  of  Texas.    See  Bexar. 
Bejawer,  a  state  of  Hindostan.    See  Bijawar. 
Bejer,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Vejer. 
Bejetsk,  bi-zh5tsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Tver,  near  the  Mologa.     It  has  a  large 
_  nual  fair  for  corn,  iron,  silk,  and  other  goods.     Pop.  3200. 

Bejighur,  bee'je-gur',  or  B^jaigarh,  a  town  of  India, 
in  the  Alighur  district,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Coel.     Pop.  6779. 

Bejis,  or  Begis,  bi-nees',  a  town  of  Spain,  36  miles 
W.  of  Castellon  de  la  Plana.     Pop.  580. 

Bejour,  a  state  of  Hindostan.     See  Bijawar. 

Ucjncal,  bi-Hoo-kil',  a  town  of  the  island  of  Cuba,  15 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Havana.     Pop.  2165. 

Bejnma,  b4-Hoo'mi,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  state  of 
Carabobo,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Valencia.     Pop.  7844. 

B6k^8,  bi'kftsh',  or  Bek6svar,  b4'k6sh*v&r',  a  town 
of  Hungary,  capital  of  a  county  of  the  same  name,  57  miles 
8.W.  of  Debrcczin.  It  has  a  trade  in  cattle,  corn,  and 
loney.     Pop.  22.547;  of  the  county,  209,729. 

Bela,  or  Vela,  India.    See  Bailah. 

Bela,  Belah,  Beila,  or  Beylah,  b4'li,  a  town  of 
Beloochistan,  capital  of  the  province  of  Loos,  near  the  Poo- 
rally  River,  and  120  miles  S.  of  Khozdar.     Pop.  5000. 

Bela,  bi'Ioh*,  a  town  of  North  Hungary,  co.  of  Zips,  6 
miles  N.E.  of  Kesmark.     Pop.  2428.     See  also  Valaszka. 

Bela-Banya,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  DIJlln. 

Belabre,  b^h'libr',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Indre,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Le  Blanc.     Pop.  2216. 

Belad-el»Djeryd,    See  Beled-el-Jebeed. 

Belaia,  bi-li'i,  or  Bielaja,  byi-li'yi,  a  river  of  Rus- 
iia,  rises  in  the  Ural  Mountains,  in  the  government  of  Oren- 
boorg,  flows  S.E.,  then  N.  and  N.E.,  and  joins  the  Kama. 
Length,  about  550  miles. 

Belaia  Tserkov,  or  Beltya  Zerkow,  a  town  of 
Piussia.    See  Bielaya  Tserkov. 

BePair',  a  station  in  Leon  co.,  Fla.,  on  the  railroad 
from  St.  Mark's  to  Tallahassee,  4  miles  S.  of  Tallahassee. 

Belair,  a  post-village  of  Richmond  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Georgia  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Augusta.   It  has  a  church. 

Bel  Air,  a  hamlet  of  Illinois.    See  Bell  Air. 

Belair,  a  post-office  and  plantation  of  Plaquemines 
parish,  La.,  29  miles  below  New  Orleans. 

Belair,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  24 
miles  N.E.  of  Baltimore,  and  15  miles  W.  of  Havre  de  Grace. 
Belair  has  5  churches,  3  newspaper  offices,  the  Harford 
Academy,  a  flouring-mill,  and  2  banks.     Pop.  1416. 

Bel  Air,  a  small  manufacturing  village  of  Berkshire 
CO.,  Mass.,  li  miles  N.  of  Pittsfield,  but  within  the  city 
limits.     It  has  a  woollen-factory. 

Belair,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  S.C.,  1  mile  from 
the  Catawba  River,  and  about  25  miles  S.  of  Charlotte,  N.C. 
It  has  a  church. 

Bel  Air  Road,  Baltimore  co.,  Md.    See  Gardentille. 

Belak,  the  Illyrian  for  Villach. 

Bel  alcazar,  bi-l&l-ki'thaR,  a  town  of  Spain,  43  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Cordova.    It  manufactures  woollens.    Pop.  4420. 

Belaspoor,  bi*lis-poor',  a  town  of  India,  on  the  Sut- 
lej,  185  miles  N.W.  of  Delhi. 

Belaspoor,  Bilaspur,  bee^l&s^poor',  or  BeMas- 
pore',  a  district  of  the  Central  Provinces,  British  India, 
forms  the  N.  extremity  of  the  Chutteesgurh  plateau.  Lat. 
21°  45'-23°  10'  N.;  Ion.  81°  30'-83°  15'  E.  It  is  generally 
hilly,  and  is  traversed  by  the  Mahanuddy.  Area,  2089 
square  miles.     Capital,  Belaspoor.     Pop.  715,398. 

Belaspoor,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the  above,  on 
the  river  Urpa.     Lat.  22°  2'  N. ;  Ion.  82°  5'  E.     Pop.  6190. 

Belann,  be-lawn',  or  Belawan,  be-law'an,  a  small 
island  of  the  Sooloo  Archipelago,  about  35  miles  S.  of  the 
island  of  Baseelan.     Lat.  (E.  point)  6°  N. ;  Ion.  122°  8'  E. 

Belbend,  Pennsylvania.    See  Belle  Bend. 

Belbeys,  or  Beibeis,  bftrbise',  a  town  of  Egypt,  on 
the  E.  arm  of  the  Nile,  28  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cairo.    Pop.  5000. 


Belcastro,  bfil-kis'tro,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
14  miles  N.E.  of  Catanzaro.     Pop.  1166. 

Belcele,  bfil-s4'l§h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flan- 
ders, 17  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  3100. 

Bel'cher,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  10 
miles  N.  of  Salem.     It  has  a  church. 

Bel'cher  Islands,  two  small  groups  in  Hudson  Bay. 

Bel'chertown,  a  post- village  of  Hampshire  co.,  Mass., 

10  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Amherst,  and  about  18  miles  N.E. 
of  Springfield.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  a  hotel, 
and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  of  township  in  1890,  2120. 

Bel'cherville,  a  post-village  of  Montague  co.,  Tex.,  23 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Henrietta.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a 
public  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  1200. 

Belchite,  b61-chee't4,  a  town  of  Spain,  22  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Saragossa.  Here,  June  18, 1809,  the  French  under  Suchet 
defeated  the  Spaniards  under  Blake.  The  town  has  woollen- 
manufactures.     Pop.  3275. 

Beldan'ga,  or  Bedan'go,  a  village  of  Bengal,  Moor- 
shedabad  district.    Lat.  23°  56'  N. ;  Ion.  88°  18'  E.    P.  6037. 

BeI'den,  a  post-village  of  Wabash  co.,  Ind.,  in  Lagro 
township,  on  the  Wabash  River  and  Canal,  and  on  the 
Wabash  Railroad,  about  33  miles  W.S.W.  of  Fort  Wayne. 
It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Belden,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  in  Huron 
township,  on  the  Flint  <t  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  15  miles 
N.  of  Monroe.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  mineral 
spring.     Pop.  200. 

Belden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Coles- 
ville  township,  on  the  Albany  &  Susquehanna  Railroad, 
about  18  miles  N.E.  of  Binghamton. 

Belden,  a  post-village  of  Lorain  co.,  0.,  in  Grafton 
township,  on  the  Cleveland  &  Tuscarawas  Valley  Railroad, 

11  miles  S.E.  of  Elyria.  It  has  2  churches,  an  oil-refinery, 
and  several  wells  of  lubricating  oil. 

BeI'denville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pierce  co..  Wis.,  abont 
20  miles  S.E.  of  Hudson. 

BeI'ding,  a  thriving  post-town  of  Ionia  co.,  Mich.,  15 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Ionia.  It  contains  3  churches,  a 
bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  an  extensive  manufactory  of 
refrigerators  (claimed  to  be  the  largest  establishment  of  tho 
kind  in  the  world),  and  manufactures  of  silk,  furniture,  and  0 
caskets.     Pop.  in  1890,  1730, 

Beldoc,  a  village  of  South  Carolina.     See  Baldock. 

Beled-el-Jereed,  Beled-el- Jerid,  Belad-ei- 
Djeryd,  Beled-el-Jerede,  bfir?d-el-jer-eed',  written 
also  Biled-uI-Gerid,  bir?d-661-jer-eed'  {i.e.,  "country 
of  dates"),  a  name  given  by  geographers  to  that  part  of  the 
Barbary  States  which  lies  in  the  Sahara.  As  a  descriptive 
term  it  is  well  chosen,  but  locally  it  is  applied  only  to  the 
Tunisian  part  of  the  region. 

Beled-es-Soodan,  in  Africa.    See  Soodan. 

Belem,  bi-15.\'»',  a  town  of  Portugal,  2  miles  S.  of  Lis- 
bon, on  the  right  bank  and  near  the  mouth  of  the  Tagus. 
Lat.  of  the  ca«tle,  38°  40'  N.  j  Ion.  9°  14'  W.  It  is  now  a 
part  of  LiSBO.v  (which  see). 

Belem,  a  city  of  Brazil.    See  Para. 

Belen,  bi-14n',  or  Belem,  bi-lfim',  a  town  of  the  Ar- 
gentine Republic,  province  and  45  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Cata- 
marca.     Pop.  3820. 

Be'len,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Quitman  co.,  Miss.,  on 
the  Cold  water,  25  miles  W.S.W.  of  Sardis.   It  has  2  churches. 

Belen,  bi-lfin',  a  post-town  of  Valencia  co..  New  Mex- 
ico, near  the  Rio  Grande,  and  on  the  Atchison,  Topcka  & 
Santa  Fe  Railroad,  116  miles  S.S.W.  of  Santa  Fe.  It  has  2 
churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  convent,  and  several  busi- 
ness houses.     Pop.  about  750. 

Bcl^nyes,  biM5n'y4sh\  a  town  of  Hungary,  on  the 
Koros,  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Grosswnrdein.     Pop.  2105. 

Be'lep  Islands,  a  group  lying  25  or  30  miles  N.  of 
New  Caledonia,  in  Australasia,  and  claimed  by  France. 
Chief  isles.  Art,  Poot,  and  Dau-Teama. 

Be'lew  Creek  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Forsyth  co.,  N.C. 

Belew's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co..  Mo. 

Belfast,  bfil-fist',  a  seaport  and  borough  of  Ireland, 
88  miles  N.N.E.  of  Dublin.  Lat.  54°  36'  24"  N. ;  Ion.  5° 
56'  12"  W.  It  is  the  second  city  of  Ireland  in  trade  and 
population,  and  the  first  in  manufactures.  It  stands  mainly 
in  the  county  of  Antrim,  but  a  large  suburb  called  Bally- 
macarret  is  in  the  county  Down,  and  is  connected  with  the 
main  town  by  three  bridges.  Belfast  is  mostly  on  low  ground, 
on  the  Lagan,  near  its  embouchure  in  Belfast  Bay,  and,  owing 
to  its  extremely  low  position,  has  nothing  imposing  in  its 
appearance.  The  houses,  mostly  of  brick,  are  well  built,  and 
many  of  them  are  handsome ;  the  streets  are  spacious  and 
clean.  Its  port  has  been  greatly  improved  of  late,  and  many 
docks  and  basins  have  been  constructed. 


tat 


610 


BEL 


At  the  head  of  the  edaoational  institutions  is  the  Queen's 
College,  a  ningnitioont  structure  of  briclc  and  stone,  opened 
for  stuiicntd  in  1849.  The  other  o<iucati«nal  establishments 
are  the  Koynl  Aciwiomioal  Institution,  founded  in  1810,  the 
Qeneml  Assembly's  College,  Wesleyan  and  Catholic  schools,  a 
botanic  garden,  the  l)olfa«t  Academy,  nnd  numerous  national 
■ohools  and  private  seminaries.  The  charitable  and  benev- 
olent institutions  comprise  the  poorhouse,  medical,  surgical, 
Ijring-in,  and  fever  hospitals,  tne  lunatic  asylum,  the  deaf 
and  dumb  and  the  blind  asylum,  the  Ulster  fumalo  peniten- 
tiary, and  the  union  workhouse.  Other  public  buildings  are 
the  commercial  buildings,  corn  exchange,  museum,  white 
and  bronrn  linen-halls,  theatre,  and  music  hall. 

Belfast  is  the  great  depot  of  the  linen  trade  of  the  North 
of  Ireland,  as  well  as  the  chief  seat  of  the  manufactories  of 
linen.  It  has  also  saw-mills,  extensive  ship-yards,  breweries, 
soap-,  glass-,  felt-,  chemical,  and  dye-works,  foundries  and 
machine-shops,  and  yards  for  manufacturing  ropes  and  sail- 
cloth. The  commerce  of  liolfast  is  very  oonsidorablo,  and 
is  rapidly  increasing.  Some  of  the  best  iron  ships  aSoat 
have  been  built  here.  The  chief  articles  of  export  are  cot- 
ton and  linen  manufactures,  corn,  meal,  flour,  provisions, 
flux,  tow,  and  horses. 

Belfast  returns  2  members  to  Parliament.  The  country 
around  is  extremely  beautiful,  the  lough  being  a  fine  object; 
and  the  hills  which  bound  it  and  partly  encircle  the  town 
are  under  cultivation,  while  their  slopes  are  thickly  studded 
with  the  villas  and  country-houses  of  merchants.  It  is 
comparatively  a  modern  town,  and  was  erected  into  a  mu- 
nicipal and  parliamentary  borough  about  1610.  Numerous 
railways  centre  in  Belfast.  The  population  is  largely  Prot- 
estant. There  are  many  fine  churches.  In  recent  growth 
Belfast  far  exceeds  all  other  towns  in  Ireland.  Pop.  in  1861, 
119.242:  in  1881,  208,122;  in  1891,  255,896. 

BePfast',  a  post-humlet  of  Qrant  co..  Ark.,  12  miles 
N.W.  of  Sheridan. 

Belfast,  a  post- village  of  Leo  co.,  Iowa,  on  Des  Moines 
River,  and  on  the  Keokuk  &  Des  Moines  Railroad,  20  miles 
N.W.  of  Keokuk.     It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  stave-factory. 

Belfast,  a  city  and  port  of  entry,  capital  of  Waldo  co,. 
Me.,  is  on  the  W.  side  of  Penobscot  Bay  (which  is  the 
•  estuary  between  the  Penobscot  River  and  the  ocean), 
about  35  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bangor,  42  miles  E.  by  N.  from 
Augusta,  and  30  miles  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  It  is 
the  S.E.  terminus  of  the  Belfast  division  of  the  Maine 
Central  Railroad,  by  which  route  it  is  130  miles  N.E.  of 
Portland.  It  is  situated  on  the  side  of  a  hill  which  over- 
looks a  wide  expanse  of  water,  and  has  a  good  harbor,  which 
is  sufliciently  deep  for  the  largest  ships  and  is  seldom  ob- 
structed by  ice.  Many  of  the  inhabitants  are  employed  in 
trade,  navigation,  and  ship-building.  Hay,  granite,  and 
potatoes  are  the  chief  articles  of  export.  Belfast  has  a 
court-house,  6  churches,  a  high  school,  a  national  bank,  a 
savings-bank,  2  or  3  weekly  newspapers,  and  manufactures 
of  bricks,  carriages,  machinery,  paper,  axes,  sash,  blinds,  <tc. 
It  was  incorporated  in  1853.     Pop.  in  1890,  5294. 

Belfast,  a  pest-ofiice  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  about  20 
miles  N.  of  Baltimore. 

Belfast,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Bel- 
fast township,  on  the  Genesee  River  and  the  Genesee 
Valley  Canal,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Belmont,  and  about  30 
miles  S.  of  Warsaw.  It  has  3  churches,  1  bank,  the  Gen- 
esee Valley  Seminary,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  cheese, 
sash,  and  blinds.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1598. 

Belfast,  a  post-village  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  in  Stone 
Lick  township,  about  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It 
has  2  or  3  stores. 

Belfast,  a  hamlet  of  Highland  co.,  0.,  55  miles  E.  of 
Cincinnati.     Pop.  72.     The  name  of  its  post-oflice  is  Bell. 

Belfast,  a  township  of  Fulton  co..  Pa.     Pop.  856. 

Belfast,  a  post- village  of  Northampton  co.,  Pa.,  about 
10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Easton.     It  has  3  general  stores. 

Belfast,  a  village  of  Marshall  co.,  Tenn.,  5  miles  from 
Lewisburg.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Bel  fast,  or  EI'don,  a  post- village  in  Queens  co.,  Prince 
Edward  Island,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Charlottetown.     Pop.  150. 

Belfast,  a  post-village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  18  miles 
from  Goderich.     Pop.  150. 

Belfast,  a  borough  of  Victoria,  Australia,  county  of 
Villiers,  on  a  bay  called  Port  Fairy,  lat.  38°  23'  S..  Ion. 
142°  14'  E.,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Moyne.     Pop.  2485. 

Belfast  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Russell  co.,  Va.,  12 
miles  from  Saltville.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Bel'field,  a  post-town  of  Greenville  co.,  Va.,  42  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Petersburg.  It  has  5  churches,  a  female  semi- 
nary, public  schools  for  white  and  colored,  large  flour-mills, 
and  manufactures  of  veneering,  carriages,  ko.     Pop.  493. 


BePfont',  a  station  on  the  Ilecla  branch  of  the  Irof 
Railroad,  in  Lawrence  co.,  0.,  1  mile  E.  of  Ironton. 

Bel'ford,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Northumberland, 
14  mileii  by  rail  S.S.K.  of  Berwick.     Pop.  1020. 

Bcl'ford,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  3  miles 
from  iMarkham.     Pop.  200. 

Bvlfort,  bSPfoR',  or  Befort,  bi'fou',  a  fortified  town 
of  France,  capital  of  the  frontier  department  of  Haut- 
Rhin,  in  Alsace.  It  is  situated  at  the  junction  of  several 
railways.  38  miles  S.S.W.  of  Colmar.  It  has  a  citiidcl  con- 
structed by  Vauban,  a  fine  church,  a  college,  and  a  library, 
besides  foundries  and  wire-factories.  Pop.  8014.  The  term 
"territory  of  Belfort"  was  applied  to  the  fragment  of  the 
department  of  Ilaut-Ilhin  remaining  in  French  possession 
in  1871,  but  in  1878  the  name  Haut-Rhin  was  restored. 

Bel'fort,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Beaver 
River,  in  Croghan  township,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Lowville. 

Belfouiit'ain,  or  Bellefon'taine,  a  post-village  in 
Cardwell  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  river  Credit,  6  miles  from 
Charleston.  It  has  water-power,  2  saw-mills,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  tannery.     Pop.  100. 

Bel'fry,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Stony 
Creek  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Norristown. 

BelgiE,  bfil'jee,  the  name  given  by  Caesar  to  the  inhab- 
itants of  one  of  the  three  divisions  of  ancient  Gaul,  'i'hcir 
territory  extended  from  the  Rhine  to  the  Seine,  comprising, 
in  addition  to  the  modern  Belgium,  part  of  the  Netherlands 
and  a  large  portion  of  Northeastern  France. 

Bclgara,  bfil'gaut,  formerly  Bjaligrod,  a  town  of 
Prussia,  Pomerania,  at  a  railway  junction,  10  miles  S.W.  of 
Coslin,  on  the  Persante.  It  has  an  old  castle,  and  manu- 
factures of  woollen  stuiTs.     Pop.  6303. 

Belgaum,  or  Belgam,  Wl-gawm',  a  district  of  the 
Bombay  Presidency,  British  India.  Lat.  15°  30'-16°  15'  N.; 
Ion.  74°-76°  30'  E.  Area,  4591  square  miles.  It  is  moun- 
tainous in  the  S.,  but  elsewhere  very  fertile  and  populous. 
Capital,  Belgaum.     Pop.  938,730. 

Belgaum,  or  Belgam,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of 
the  above,  41  miles  N.W.  of  Darwar.     Pop.  26,947. 

Belgenciacum,  a  Latin  name  of  Beauge.vcy. 

Belgentier,  b4rzhisoHe-4',  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Var,  14  miles  N.N.W.  of  Toulon.     Pop.  1045. 

Belgern,  bfil'gh^m,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  on  the 
Elbe,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Torgau.     Pop.  3105. 

Belgicac  Provincia;,  the  Latin  for  Netherlands. 

Belgiojoso,  b41-jo-yo'so,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  8 
miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Pavia.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  a 
noble  castle  of  the  princes  of  Belgiojoso.     Pop.  4011. 

Belgium,  ^ihV'ie-um  {Er.  La  Belgiqtie,  la  bSrzheek' ; 
Ger.  Behjien,  bfil'ghe-^n  ;  anciently  a  part  of  Gal'lia  lid'- 
gicd),  a  small  kingdom  of  Western  Europe,  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  the  Netherlands,  on  the  E.  by  Luxemburg,  Rhen- 
ish Prussia,  and  the  Netherlands,  on  the  S.  and  S.W.  by 
France,  and  on  the  N.W.  by  the  German  Ocean.  It  lies 
between  lat.  49°  30'  and  51°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  2°  32'  and  6° 
7'  E.  Its  greatest  length,  on  a  line  drawn  from  Ostend  to 
Arlon,  is  174  miles.  Area,  11,373  square  miles.  It  is  di- 
vided into  9  provinces, — Antwerp,  Brabant,  East  Flanders, 
West  Flanders,  Hainaut,  Liege,  Limbourg,  Luxembourg, 
and  Namur.     Capital,  Brussels.     Pop.  in  1889,  6,093,798. 

Physical  Features. — The  surface  is  mostly  level,  but  in 
some  parts  is  diversified  by  hills,  the  most  elevated  of  whiilx 
are  about  2000  feet  high  and  are  in  the  southeastern  prov- 
inces of  Liege,  Luxembourg,  and  Namur.  A  part  of  the 
Ardennes  extends  from  France  into  Belgium,  and  separates 
the  basin  of  the  Meuse  from  that  of  the  Scheldt.  These 
highlands  are  mostly  covered  with  dense  forests.  The  plains 
bordering  on  the  sea  are  flat,  and  so  low  that  they  require 
dikes  to  protect  them  from  inundation.  The  climate  is 
temperate,  and  similar  to  that  of  England,  but  is  a  little 
colder  in  winter  and  hotter  in  summer.  The  mean  annual 
temperature  at  Brussels  is  50°. 6  Fahr. 

The  principal  rivers  are  the  Meuse,  Scheldt,  Sambre, 
Demer,  Dender,  Dyle,  Lys,  Dommel,  Ourthe,  and  Rupel. 
The  Scheldt  is  navigable  for  about  100  miles  from  its  mouth, 
and  is  connected  by  canals  with  the  Seine  and  Somme.  The 
Meuse  is  also  navigable  from  its  mouth  to  the  point  where 
it  enter?  this  kingdom.  The  inland  navigation  is  facilitated 
by  canals,  the  total  length  of  which  is  376  English  miles. 

Minerals,  Industry,  (kc. — Belgium  is  rich  in  minerals, 
especially  coal,  iron,  calamine  (zinc),  lead,  manganese,  and 
marble.  There  are  numerous  quarries  of  limestone,  granite, 
slate,  and  freestone  or  sandstone.  The  richest  coal-mines 
are  in  Ilainaut,  and  there  are  in  the  kingdom  about  300  coal- 
mines, producing  annually  from  15,000,000  to  20,000,000 
tons  of  coal,  by  over  1 00,000  workmen.  Iron  ore  abounds 
in  the  province  of  Namur. 


BEL 


617 


BEL 


The  soil  is  cultivated  with  care,  and  is  generally  pro- 
ductive. The  Belgians  are  noted  for  their  skill  in  rural 
economy,  and  a  large  part  of  their  country  is  cultivated  like 
a  garden.  Among  the  chief  products  of  the  soil  are  wheat, 
rye,  oats,  flax,  hops,  potatoes,  beans,  tobacco,  and  hemp. 
Cattle  and  horses  form  an  important  part  of  the  wealth  of 
the  farmers,  the  number  of  cattle  in  the  kingdom  being  about 
1,400,000.  Belgium  has  extensive  manufactures  of  cotton, 
linen,  cutlery,  carpets,  machinery,  paper,  woollen  cloth,  &c. 
;  The  fine  linen  of  Flanders  and  the  lace  of  Brabant  have  a 
'■  world-wide  reputation. 

Commerce. — This  country  is  favorably  situated  for  com- 
i  merce.     Antwerp,  which  has  an  excellent  harbor,  was  for- 
!  merly  the  most  important  commercial  city  of  Europe,  and 
'  the  trade  of  ]5elgium  is  still  prosperous,  and  is  promoted  by 
',  numerous  canals  and  railroads.     The  aggregate  length  of 
\  the  railroads  completed  in  January,  1886,  was  2758  miles. 
'  The  chief  articles  of  export  are  coal,  iron,  linen  goods, 
woollen  cloth,  flax,  machinery,  cotton  stuffs,  paper,  glass,  lace, 
fire-arms,  hides,  raw  sugar,  zinc,  and   grain,  the   exports 
and  imports  each  amounting  to  about  $500,000,000  a  year; 
but  this  trade  is  largely  in  transit  to  and  from  Germany  and 
:  other  countries.      The   articles  imported  are  wool,  cotton, 
cereal  grain,  iron,  hides,  coffee,  timber,  copper,  resins,  sugar, 
silk  goods,  leather,  petroleum,  Ac.     In  prosperous  times  as 
many  as  6000  vessels,  with  a  tonnage  of  about  2,500,000, 
'  enter  and  leave  the  ports  of  Belgium  annually. 
j     People,  Language,  dec. — Belgium  is  the  most  densely  pop- 
ulated country  of  Europe,  having  about  460  inhabitants  to 
'  the  square  mile.     The  population  is  composed  of  Flemings, 
!  who  are  of  Germanic  race,  and  Walloons,  who  are  of  French 
I  stock.     The  Flemings,  who  are  the  most  numerous,  speak  the 
Flemish  or  Dutch  language,  but  the  educated  Belgians  gener- 
,  ally  speak  French,  which  is  the  official  language  of  the  court. 
;  The  Walloons  speak  a  dialect  or  corrupt  form  of  French. 
i  The  predominant  religion  of  this  kingdom  is  Roman  Cath- 
olic, the  number  of  Protestants  in  it  being  but  about  15,000. 
The  chief  cities  are  Brussels,  Antwerp,  Ghent,  Liege,  Bruges, 
Mechlin,  Vervicrs,  Louvain,  and  Tournay.     Belgium  has 
universities  at  Ghent,  Brussels,  Louvain,  and  Liege. 

Government  and  History. — The  government  is  a  constitu- 
'  tional  and  hereditary  monarchy.  The  succession  is  in  the 
direct  male  line  in  the  order  of  primogeniture,  to  the  ex- 
clusion of  females.  The  legislative  power  is  vested  in  the 
king,  the  senate,  and  the  chamber  of  representatives,  who 
are  elected  by  the  people.  The  press  is  free,  and  the  people 
are  equal  in  the  eye  of  the  law,  which  guarantees  the  free- 
dom of  religious  worship.  The  king  nominates  to  civil  and 
military  offices,  commands  the  army,  declares  war,  and  con- 
cludes treaties.  The  public  debt  amounted  in  1891-92  to 
2,073,560,000  francs  ($400,000,000), 

This  country  has  been  the  scene  of  many  important  events, 
and  the  battle-field  on  which  English,  French,  German,  and 
Spanish  armies  have  often  encountered.  Since  the  Middle 
Ages  it  has  been  ruled  successively  by  the  dukes  of  Bur- 
gundy, the  kings  of  Spain,  and  the  Austrian  sovereigns. 
It  was  annexed  to  France  during  the  revolution  which  began 
in  1789,  but  in  1814  the  allies  united  Belgium  and  Holland 
into  a  kingdom  called  the  Netherlands.  In  June,  1815, 
Napolfeon  was  finally  defeated  at  Waterloo,  which  is  in  Bel- 
gium. The  religion,  language,  and  habits  of  the  Belgians 
rendering  them  averse  to  a  union  with  the  Dutch,  in  Au- 
gust, 1830,  they  revolted  against  the  king  and  declared 
Belgium  an  independent  state.  On  the  4th  of  June,  1831, 
Prince  Leopold  of  Saxe-Coburg  was  elected  King  of  Bel- 
gium. A  Dutch  army  invaded  Belgium  and  defeated  Leo- 
pold in  battle  in  August  of  that  year,  but  several  foreign 
powers  interfered  and  induced  the  King  of  the  Netherlands 
to  desist  from  hostilities. 

Bel'gium,  a  village  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Clay 
township,  on  Seneca  River,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Syracuse. 
Here  is  Clay  Post-Office.     Pop.  166, 

Belgium,  a  post-township  of  Ozaukee  co.,  Wis,,  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  Lake  Michigan.  It  has  a  station 
named  Belgium,  which  is  on  the  Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore  <$; 
Western  Railroad,  33  miles  N.  of  Milwaukee.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  2052. 

Belgorod,  b61-go-rod',  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  88  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Koorsk,  on  the  Donets,     It  is  an 
archbishop's  see,  and  has  numerous  churches,  Ac,  and  man- 
ufactures of  leather.     Pop.  15,200, 
Belgrad,  a  town  of  Albania.     See  Berat. 
Belgrade,  bel-grid'    (anc.  Singidii'num;  Turk,  Bil- 
graml,  bil-grid' ;  Servian,  Bielgorod,  "  white  town"),  a  city, 
the  capital  of  Servia,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Danube,  at 
the  confluence  of  the  Save,  just  below  Semlin,  in  Austria- 
Hungary.     Lat.  44°  47'  57"  N.;  Ion,  20°  28'  14"  E.     It  is 
40 


the  largest  and  best-built  city  of  Servia,  and  one  of  the 
strongest  places  in  Europe.  The  citadel  is  on  the  tongue  of 
land  between  the  rivers,  behind  which  rises  the  city  proper, 
with  antique-looking  edifices,  a  cathedral,  a  palace,  and 
barracks.  Belgrade  had  formerly  an  oriental  appearance, 
but  new  buildings  are  being  constructed,  and  the  bazaars 
have  now  glazed  shop-windows.  It  has  manufactures  of 
arms,  carpets,  silk  goods,  cutlery,  and  saddlery,  a  lyceum, 
and  several  schools.  It  has  an  excellent  port,  an  increasing 
general  trade,  and  is  the  entrepot  of  commerce  between 
Turkey  and  Austria,  and  the  seat  of  a  Greek  archbishop 
and  of  a  Catholic  bishop. 

The  military  experiences  of  Belgrade  have  rendered  it 
famous  in  history.  It  was  long  an  object  of  fierce  conten- 
tion between  the  Austrians  and  the  Turks.  It  was  besieged 
by  the  latter  in  1456,  and  again,  with  success,  in  1522, 
from  which  time  it  was  held  by  them  till  1688,  when  it  was 
retaken.  Two  years  afterwards  it  was  again  captured  by 
the  Turks.  In  1717  it  was  besieged  by  Prince  Eugene  and 
taken.  In  1739  the  Turks  made  a  vain  attempt  to  retake 
Belgrade,  but  soon  after  came  into  possession  of  it  by  treaty, 
retaining  it  till  1789,  when  it  was  taken  by  the  Austrians, 
who  restored  it  to  the  Turks  in  1791.  In  1877  it  became 
the  capital  of  Servia.     Pop.  in  1891.  54.  -I.tS. 

Belgrade,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  Roumelia,  13 
miles  N.  of  Constantinople,  where  many  opulent  inhabitants 
of  that  city  have  country-houses. 

Bel^grade',  a  post-hamlet  of  Kennebec  co..  Me.,  in  Bel- 
grade township,  on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  33  mileft 
N.E.  of  Lewiston,  and  11  miles  N.  of  Augusta.  'The  town- 
ship has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  spools. 
Pop.  of  township,  1485. 

Belgrade,  a  post- village  of  Stearns  co.,  Minn.,  97  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Minneapolis.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  graded  schools,  and  flour-mills.  Pop.  300, 
Belgrade,  a  post-vilKage  of  Washington  co..  Mo.,  in 
Belgrade  township,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Iron  Mountain,  and  10 
miles  S.  of  Potosi.    It  has  3  churches  and  3  general  stores. 

Belgrade  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kennebec  co..  Me 
about  16  miles  N.  by  W.  from  Augusta. 

BePgram',  Birgram',  or  Belagrame,  a  town  of 
India,  58  miles  N.W.  of  Lucknow,     Pop.  11,578. 

Bel  Green,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Franklin  co., 
Ala.,  in  a  finely  wooded  and  watered  country,  15  miles  S. 
by  W,  of  Tuscumbia,  It  has  a  church  and  a  high  school, 
and  near  here  is  a  curious  subterranean  lake. 

Belici,  bi'le-che,  or  Bel  ice,  bi'le-chi  (anc.  Hyp^eat 
or  Hyp'aa),  a  river  of  Sicily,  enters  the  Mediterranean  15 
miles  N.W.  of  Sciacca.     Length,  60  miles. 
Belida,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Algeria.    See  Blidah. 
Belina,  a  Latin  name  for  Bilin. 

Belin'da,  a  post-office  of  Lucas  co.,  Iowa,  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Chariton. 

Bel'ington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barbour  co.,  W.  Va., 
about  30  miles  S.  of  Grafton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Belitz,  or  Beelitz,  b^'lits,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Bran- 
denburg, 12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Potsdam.     Pop.  1738, 
Belize,  Central  America.     See  Balize. 
Belk,  bSlk,  or  Hum'mock  Island,  in  the  Malay 
Archipelago,  one  of  the  Serangani  Islands,  lat,  5°  24'  N,, 
Ion.  125°  21'  E. 

Belknap,  bel'nap,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of 
New  Hampshire,  has  an  area  of  about  380  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  Winnepesaukee  Lake,  and  on 
the  AV.  by  the  Pemigewasset  River,  and  is  partly  drained 
by  the  Suncook  River.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  hills, 
lakes,  and  forests,  in  which  the  ash,  elm,  beech,  oak,  and 
sugar-maple  are  found.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Hay, 
butter,  potatoes,  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Boston,  Concord  <fc  Montreal  Rail- 
road, Capital,  Laconia,  Pop.  in  1870,17,681;  in  1880, 
17,948;  in  1890,  20,321. 

Belknap,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co..  111.,  on  Cache 
River,  and  on  the  Cairo  &  Vincennes  Railroad,  27  miles  N.E. 
of  Cairo.     It  has  2  churches,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 
Belknap,  a  po8t>-village  of  Davis  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Chicago,  Rock  Island  <fe  Pacific  Railroad  where  it  crosses 
the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern  Railroad,  16  miles 
S.  of  Ottumwa,  and  6  miles  N.  of  Bloomfield.     It  has  2 
churches. 
Belknap,  a  township,  Pottawattamie co.,Iowa.  Pop.188. 
Belknap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  18  miles 
W.  of  Allegan,  and  near  Lake  Michigan. 
Belknap,  Pine  co.,  Minn,    See  Miller. 
Belknap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Armstrong  oo.,  Pa.,  in 
Wayne  township,  about  13  miles  N.E.  of  Kittanning.    It 
has  2  churches. 


BEL 


"618 


BEL 


Bclknnp,  a  post-hamlet  of  Toung  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
13rar.o«  Hivt-r,  105  miles  W.N.W.  of  Fort  Worth. 

llclknap  SpringSt  I<nno  co.,  Oregon,  on  the  Cascade 
Range,  and  on  McKcnzie  River,  65  miles  £.  by  N.  of 
Eugene  City.     Here  are  mineral  springs. 

Belkov'ski,  a  seaport  village  of  Alaska,  on  the  south 
tide  of  the  Aliatlca  peninsula,  near  Its  extremity. 

Belkuchiy  bfil^koo'ohe,  a  town  of  the  I'abna  district, 
Bengal,  45  miles  N.E.  of  Pabna.     Pop.  5128. 

Hell)  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Kentucky,  borders  on 
Tennessee  and  Virginia.  Area,  about  500  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Cumberland  River,  and  is  also  drained 
by  Straight  Creek.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  and  mostly 
covered  with  forests.  The  Cumberland  Mountain  extends 
along  the  S.E.  border  of  this  county.     Indian  corn,  oats, 

f;rass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Its  S.W.  portion 
8  traversed  by  the  Louisville  A  Nashville  Railroad.  Cap- 
ital, Pineville.  Pop.  in  1870,  3731;  in  1880,  6055;  in 
1890,  10,312. 

Bell,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area 
of  about  850  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Little  River 
and  its  branches  Leon  River  and  Lauipassas  Creek.  The 
surface  is  undulating  or  hilly  ;  the  soil  is  fertile.     A  large 

fortion  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  Cotton,  cattle,  and 
ndlan  corn  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Gulf,  Colorado  A,  Santa  F6,  and  the  Missouri,  Kansas  A 
Texas  Railroads.  Capital,  Belton.  Pop.  in  1870,  8771; 
in  1880,  20.518;  in  1890,  33.297. 

Bell,  Highland  co.,  0.    See  Belfast. 

Bell,  a  township  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  918. 

Bell,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  785. 

Bell,  a  township  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.     Pop.  810. 

Bella,  bdri&,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Basilicata,  14 
iniles  S.S.W.  of  Melfi.     Pop.  5395. 

Bellac,  b^riik',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Haute-Vienne,  23  miles  N.N.W.  of  Limoges.     Pop.  3400. 

Bellagio,  bfil-l&'jo  (Lat.  Bila'cut),  a  town  of  Italy,  16 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Como,  at  the  extremity  of  the  promontory 
which  divides  the  lakes  of  Como  and  Leceo. 

Bell  Air.     In  addition  to  the  following,  see  Bel  Air. 

Bell  Air,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  III.,  about  37 
miles  S.W.  of  Terre  Haute.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 
•    Bell  Air,  a  post-village  of  Cooper  co..  Mo.,  about  24 
miles  N.E.  of  Sedalia.     It  has  3  churches. 

Bellaire,  a  post  village,  capital  of  Antrim  co.,  Mich., 
about  IS  miles  N.  of  Kalkaska.     Pop.  500. 

Bellaire,  or  Bell  Air,  a  city  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Ohio  River,  6  miles  below  Wheeling,  137  miles  E.  of 
Columbus,  and  26  miles  by  railroad  S.  of  Steubenvillo.  It 
is  the  east  terminus  of  the  Central  Ohio  division  of  the  Bal- 
timore &  Ohio  Railroad,  and  the  south  terminus  of  a  branch 
of  the  Cleveland  &  Pittsburg  Railroad.  It  has  2  daily  and 
4  weekly  newspapers,  2  banks,  10  churches,  also  manufac- 
tures of  window-glass  and  flint-ware,  nails,  pig-iron,  gal- 
vanized ware,  and  agricultural  machines.  The  city  is 
lighted  with  electric  light  and  gas,  and  has  water-works 
and  a  street  railway.  Coal,  limestone,  and  fire-clay  abound 
here.     Pop.  in  1870,  4033;  in  1880,  8025;  in  1890,  9934. 

Bella  Isola.    See  Borromean  Islands. 

Bellamours  (bSir&^moor')  Bay,  an  inlet  on  the  north 
shore  of  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence. 

Bellamy's  Mills,  Lanark  co.,  Ontario.    See  Clayton. 

Bellano,  bSl-li'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  14  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Lecco,  at  the  mouth  of  the  torrent  Pioverna,  on  which  is 
n  cascade,  the  Orrido  di  Bellano,  or' Re-do  dee  bfil-li'no. 

Bellary,  or  Ballari,  b^l-lah'ree,  a  district  of  India, 
Madras  Presidency,  lat.  13°  40'-15°  58'  N.,  Ion.  75°  44'-78° 
19'  E.  Area,  10,857  square  miles.  It  consists  mainly  of  a 
high  plateau  between  the  Eastern  and  Western  Ghauts,  and 
is  in  large  part  an  almost  treeless  plain.  The  little  state  of 
Bundoor  is  enclosed  within  it.  Diamonds  are  found  in  Bel- 
lary.    Pop.  1,652,044. 

Bellary,  or  Balldri,  a  fortified  city  of  India,  capital 
of  the  above  district,  270  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Madras. 
It  has  an  orphanage,  jail,  arsenal,  barracks,  and  many 
good  public  and  private  buildings.     Pop.  51,145. 

Bellas,  bfil'las,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Estre- 
inadura,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Lisbon,  on  the  Aneelva.  It  has 
mineral  baths,  and  a  fine  castle.     Pop.  2717. 

Bel'la  Syl'va,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyoming  co..  Pa., 
Itbout  32  miles  W.  of  Soranton.  It  has  a  church  and 
several  saw-mills. 

Bell  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich. 

BelPbrook',  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  0.,  in  Sugar 
Creek  township,  on  the  Little  Miami  River,  9  miles  W.  of 
Xenla,  and  11  miles  S.E.  of  Dayton.  It  has  4  churches 
ftnd  a  carriage  shop.     Pop.  369. 


Bellbnckle,  bei'bfick'l,  a  post-village  of  Bedford  eo, 
Tenn.,  on  the  Nashville  k  Chattanooga  Railroad.  50  mVkt 
8.S.E.  of  Nashville.  It  has  6  churches,  a  bank,  puMIl 
schools  for  white  and  colored,  a  high  school,  a  niuvic  sohooi 
a  mineral  well,  noted  for  the  medicinal  properties  of  )t| 
waters,  a  newspaper  office,  a  creamery,  and  a  grain-uillj. 
Here  is  also  the  celebrated  Webb  Training  School,  with 
about  200  pupils.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Bell  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Wis.,  on 
the  Kickapoo  River,  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Boscobel.  It  ba« 
a  saw -mill,  2  stores,  Ac. 

Bell  Creek,  Goodhue  co.,  Minn.    See  Bklle  Creek. 

Belle-Alli'ance,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of 
South  Brabant,  near  Waterloo,  by  which  name  the  battle 
li  Waterloo  is  recorded  in  Germany. 

Belle  Bend,  or  Belbend,  a  post-hamlet  of  Luzome 
eo..  Pa.,  in  Salem  township,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  bbcI 
on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  A  Western  Railroad,  22  tullej? 
below  Wilkcsbarre.     It  has  a  powder-mill. 

Belle  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Logan  co.,  0.,  in  Rich- 
land township,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Sandusky  A  Clcvehin.i 
Railroad,  44  miles  N.  of  Springfield.  It  has  3  chuicL^-t. 
and  manufactures  of  carriages,  tin-ware,  Ac.     Pop.  2T6. 

Bcllechasse,  bfirshiss',  a  county  of  Quebec,  Canada, 
bordering  on  the  river  St.  Lawrence  on  the  N.W.,  and  on 
the  state  of  Maine  on  the  S.E.  Area,  1083  square  miles. 
The  chief  staples  are  maple  sugar,  iiax,  hay,  and  oats. 
Chief  town,  Berthier-en-Bas.     Pop.  17,637. 

Bellechasse,  Quebec.    See  Berthifir-en-Bas. 

Belle  Creek,  of  Nebraska,  rises  in  Burt  CO.,  runs  south- 
ward through  Washington  co.,  and  enters  the  Elkhorn 
River  about  9  miles  E.  of  Fremont. 

Belle  Creek,  a  station  in  Goodhue  co.,  Minn  ,  on  the 
Minneapolis  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  II  miles  W.  of  Red 
Wing. 

Belle  Creek,  of  Washington  co.,  Neb.  See  Arlington, 

Belledune,  iDfirdlln',  a  post-hamlet  in  Gloucester  co., 
New  Brunswick,  on  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  and  on  a  railway, 
20  miles  W.  of  Bathurst.     Pop.  400. 

BelMeek',  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Fermanagh,  on 
the  Erne,  4  miles  E.S.E.  of  Ballyshannon.     Pop.  327. 

Belle  Flow'er,  a  post-village  of  McLean  co..  111.,  in 
Belle  Flower  township,  on  the  Oilman,  Clinton  A  Sprinn- 
field  Railroad,  71  miles  E.N.E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a 
church,  several  stores,  and  a  grain  elevator.  Pop.  of  town- 
ship, 659. 

Belle-Fontaine,  bfirfAnoHin',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Vosges,  10  miles  S.  of  Epinal.     Pop.  2136. 

Belle-Fontaine,  Mrf6x"'tin',  a  hamlet  of  Switzer- 
land, in  Bern,  on  the  Doubs,  with  extensive  iron-work.«. 

Bellefontainc,  bfil-fon't^n,  a  hamlet  of  Jay  co.,  Ind., 
6  miles  E.  of  Portland.  It  has  a  church,  and  a  post-office 
named  Hector. 

Bellefontaine,  Iowa.    See  Belle  Fountain. 

Bellcfontaine,  a  post-village  of  Webster  co.,  Miss., 
55  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Columbus.     It  has  3  churches. 

Bellefontaine,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Louis  co..  Mo.,  12 
miles  N.W.  of  Barrett's  Station.  There  is  also  a  Bellefon- 
taine Station  on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  A  Northern  Kail- 
road,  5  miles  N.N.W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Bellefontaine,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Logan  co., 
0.,  at  the  junction  of  the  Cincinnati  A  Sandusky,  and 
Cleveland  A  Indianapolis  branches  of  the  Cleveland,  Cin- 
cinnati, Chicago  A  St.  Louis  Railway,  113  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Cincinnati,  and  about  50  miles  N.W.  of  Columbus.  It  has 
2  national  banks,  a  court-house,  a  union  school,  3  news- 
paper offices,  11  churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages, 
railroad-cars,  and  carriage-bodies.  It  has  also  a  chair-  and 
school-desk-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  4245. 

Bellefonte,  bsrfont',  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co., 
Ala.,  near  the  Tennessee  River.  It  is  2  miles  from  Bellefonte 
Station,  which  is  on  the  Memphis  A  Charleston  Railroad,  46 
miles  E.  of  Huntsville.     It  has  3  churches. 

Bellefonte,  a  post-village  of  Boone  co..  Ark.,  4  miles 
from  Harrison,  and  90  miles  from  Springfield,  Mo.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  college,  a  newspaper  office,  a  steam  mill,  and 
2  cotton-gins.     Pop.  about  500. 

Bellefonte,  a  station  in  Boyd  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Lexing- 
ton A  Big  Sandy  Railroad,  2  miles  from  Ashland.  It  ha*" 
an  iron-furnace. 

Bellefonte,  a  post-office  of  Pulaski  co.,  Mo. 

Bellefonte,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Centre  co.,  Pa., 
is  pleasantly  situated  on  Spring  Creek,  at  the  southeastern 
base  of  Bald  Eagle  Mountain,  and  on  the  Bald  Eagle  ^'alley 
Railroad,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Lock  Haven,  and  47  iniles  N.E. 
of  Altoona.  It  derives  its  name  from  a  large  sprinsj,  from 
which  pure  water  is  distributed  through  the  town  in  pipes. 


BEL 


4^ 


ill. 


It  baa  a  national  bank,  2  other  banks,  the  Bellefonte  Acnd- 
emy,  10  churches,  4  newspaper  offices  (one  of  which  issues  a 
daily  edition,  the  others  weekly),  iron-works,  and  manu- 
factures of  glass,  machinery,  <fec.  This  town  is  a  terminus 
6f  the  Bellefonte  <fe  Snow  Shoe,  Bellefonte,  Kittany  <t  Le- 
mont,  and  the  Bellefonte,  Bald  Eagle  &  Buffalo  Run  Rail- 
roads.    Pop.  in  1880,  3026;  in  1890,  3946. 

Bellefountain,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co..  Wis., 
10  miles  N.E.  of  Portage,  and  about  7  miles  E.  of  Corning 
Railroad  Station. 

Belle  Fourche,  bel  foorsh,  is  the  French  for  "Beau- 
tiful Fork,"  and  is  a  name  of  the  North  Fork  of  the  Cheyenne 
River.  It  rises  in  Wyoming,  and  runs  northeastward  about 
150  miles.  Abruptly  turning  towards  the  southeast,  it  passes 
Into  Dakota,  and  receives  many  tributaries  from  the  Black 
Hills,  which  it  partly  environs.     See  CHKyENSE. 

Bellegarde,  b§Pgand',  a  hamlet  of  France,  in  Pyr6- 
nies-Orientales,  on  the  Spanish  frontier,  17  miles  S.  of 
Peniignan. 

Bellegarde,  a  hamlet  of  France,  department  of  Gard, 
10  niilos  S.E.  of  Nimes.     Pop.  2820. 

Bellegarde,  boTgard',  a  post-ofiSce  of  Pottawatomie 
40..  Kansas,  13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Irving. 

Belleghem,  b61'l§h-H6m\  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Flanders,  3  miles  S.  of  Courtrai.     Pop.  2880. 

Belle  Ha'ven,  a  post-village  of  Accomac  co.,  Va., 
near  the  sea-coast,  about  60  miles  N.N.E.  of  Norfolk.  It 
has  a  church,  a  grange-hall,  2  stores,  a  carriage-shop,  &o. 

Belle  Isle,  b51  ile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Onondaga  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Erie  Canal,  about  7  miles  W.  of  Syracuse,  and 
1  mile  from  Fairmount  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Belle  Isle,  a  station  in  Chesterfield  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  1  mile  W.  of  Richmond. 

Belle  Isle,  an  island  in  the  Atlantic,  at  the  entrance 
of  the  Strait  of  Belle  Isle,  between  Labrador  and  Newfound- 
land. Here  is  a  light-house,  with  a  depot  of  provisions  for 
Bbipwrecked  mariners. 

Belle  Isle,  an  island  of  Conception  Bay,  Newfound- 
land. It  is  9  miles  long  and  3  miles  broad,  and  is  of  re- 
markable fertility.  The  cliffs  near  the  sea  are  imposing, 
gome  of  them  being  over  400  feet  high.     Pop.  500. 

South  Belle  Isle  is  a  small  island  off  the  coast  of  New- 
foundland, N.  of  the  entrance  to  White  Bay. 

Belle  Isle,  a  post-village  in  Annapolis  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 

7  miles  from  Annapolis.  It  contains  a  church,  2  stores,  a 
Sheese-factory,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  100. 

Bel  e  Isle  Corner,  New  Brunswick.  See  Spring- 
field. 

Be'  ?eisle-en-Mer,b5reel'-6N"-maiR,an  islcof  France, 
depart  .nent  of  Morbihan,  in  the  Atlantic,  8  miles  S.  of  Qui- 
beron  Point.  Length,  11  miles;  greatest  breadth,  6  miles. 
The  island  is  noted  for  wheat,  pilchards,  and  fine  draught- 
horses.  It  is  nearly  surrounded  by  rocks,  and  has  a  good 
anchorage.     Pop.  9871. 

Belleisle- en»Terre,  bSreel'-ftu^-taiR,  a  town  of 
France,  C6te3-du-Nord,  10  miles  AV.  of  Gruingamp,  on  a 
railway.     Pop.  2051. 

BeJIe  Isle,  Straits  of.    See  Strait  of  Belle  Isle. 

Bellem,  bfil'lSm,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flan- 
iers,  Ifli  miles  N.W.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  1900. 

Belleme,  or  Bellesme,  bSliSm'  or  bdriaim',  a  town 
of  France,  department  of  Orne,  22  miles  E.S.E.  of  Alenjon. 
It  has  manufactures  of  linen  and  cotton.     Pop.  3108. 

Belleinont,  bSlTmont',  a  village  of  Fayette  co.,  Tenn., 
40  miles  N.E.  of  Memphis. 

Bellemonte,  bfilPmont',  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co., 
Pa.,  H  miles  from  Learaan  Place. 

Bellenz,  the  German  for  Bellinzova. 

Belle  Oak,  a  hamlet  of  Ingham  co.,  Mich.,  in  Locke 
township,  20  miles  E.  of  Lansing.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam 
law-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  spring  beds.  Pop.  102. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Locke. 

Belle  Place,  a  post-ofiice  of  Iberia  parish,  La. 

Belle  Plain,  or  Bell  Plain,  a  post-town  of  Mar- 
ihall  CO.,  111.,  15  miles  E.S.E.  direct  from  Laoon.     It  has 

8  churches  and  a  public  school.     Pop.  1092. 

Belle  Plain,  or  Belle  Plarne,  a  post-village  of 
Benton  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad, 
84  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Cedar  Rapids,  and  34  miles  E.S.E. 
<)f  Marshalltown.  It  is  2  miles  N.  of  the  Iowa  River.  It 
has  4  hotels,  2  banks,  6  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  flour- 
ing-mills,  a  foundry  and  machine-shop,  a  brewery,  and 
manufactures  of  butter,  steam-engines  and  heating  appa- 
ratus, and  a  glove  factory.     Pop.  2623. 

Belie  Plain,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Millville.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  brick-yard. 


Belle  Plaine,  a  post-town  of  Sumner  co.,  Kansas, 
near  the  Niunescah  or  Good  River,  25  miles  S.  of  Wichita, 
and  1 1  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Wellington.  It  hiis  3  churches, 
a  blink,  a  high  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  659. 

Belie  Plaine,  a  post-borough  of  Scott  co.,  Minn.,  on 
the  Minnesota  River,  and  in  Belle  Plaine  township,  on  the 
St.  Paul  &  Sioux  City  Railroad,  47  miles  W.S.W.  of  St. 
Paul.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  a 
saw-mill,  and  a  fine  hotel.     Pop.  of  borough  in  1890.  814. 

Belle  Plaine,  a  post-village  of  Shawano  co..  Wis.,  in 
Belle  Plaine  township,  38  miles  N.N.W.  of  Appleton.  The 
township  is  drained  by  Embarras  River.  It  has  a  church, 
and  a  sash-  and  blind-factory.     Total  pop.  708. 

Belle  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Scioto  River,  24  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Columbus. 

Belle  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co  , 
111.,  40  miles  S.E.  of  Centralia.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
steam  grist-mill.     Pop.  160. 

Belle  Prairie,  a  township,  Livingston  co.,  111.  Pop.  630» 

Belle  Prairie,  a  post-olfice  and  station  of  Morrisoil 
CO.,  Minn.,  in  Belle  Prairie  township,  on  the  E.  bank  of  tho 
Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  Western  Railroad  of  Minne- 
sota, 5  miles  N.  of  Little  Falls.     Pop.  of  the  township,  419. 

Belle  Prairie,  a  post-office  of  Fillmore  co.,  Neb.,  11 
miles  N.  of  Belvidere  Railroad  Station. 

Belie  Rive,  bel  reev,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  oo., 
111.,  on  the  St.  Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  88  miles 
E.S.E.  of  St.  Louis.     It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  Ac. 

Belle  River,  Michigan,  rises  in  Lapeer  co.,  runs  south- 
eastward, and  enters  the  St.  Clair  River  at  Marine  City,  in 
St.  Clair  co.     It  is  nearly  75  miles  long. 

Belle  River,  Ontario,    See  Rochester. 

Belle  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  on 
a  streiim  of  its  own  name,  in  Berlin  township,  about  25 
miles  W.  of  Port  Huron.  It  has  manufactures  of  lumber 
and  flour.     Pop.  about  100. 

Belle  River,  a  township,  Douglas  co.,  Minn.   Pop.  818. 

Belle  Riviere,  reH-e*aiR',  a  post-village,  co.  of  Two 
Mountains,  Quebec,  33  miles  N.W.  of  Montreal.     Pop.  200. 

Belle  Riviere  (called  by  the  Indians  Kouapaganith), 
a  river  of  Quebec,  rises  in  a  lake  of  the  same  name  in  Chi- 
coutimi  CO.,  and  falls  into  the  S.E.  side  of  Lake  St.  John. 

Belle  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansa«t 

Belle  Union,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind. 

Belle  Valley,  a  village  of  Noble  CO.,  0.,  in  Noble  town- 
ship, on  the  Marietta,  Pittsburg  k  Cleveland  Railroad,  39 
miles  N.  of  Marietta.  It  has  2  stores,  and  manufactures  of 
flour  and  lumber.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Belle  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Erie. 

Belleveaux  or  Beilivean  (ber?-vo')  Cove,  a  post- 
village  in  Digby  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  St.  Mary's  Bay,  25 
miles  S.W.  of  Digby.     Pop.  200. 

Belle  Ver'non,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyandot  co.,  0.,  15 
miles  S.  of  Tiffin,  and  8  miles  from  Upper  Sandusky.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Belle  Vernon,  a  post-borough  of  Fayette  co..  Pa.,  oil 
the  Monongahela  River,  about  28  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg,  and 
7  miles  N.  of  Brownsville.  It  has  a  bank,  4  churches,  a 
distillery,  a  newspaper  office,  a  foundry,  and  manufactured 
of  window-glass.     Pop.  1147. 

Belleview,  a  post-town  of  Marion  co.,  Fla.,  about  15 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Ocala.  It  has  a  church  and  a  news- 
p?per  office.     Pop.  about  500. 

Belleview,  a  post-hamlet  of  Talbot  co.,  Ga.,  14  mile* 
N.  of  Geneva  Railroad  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Belleview,  a  post-township  of  Calhoun  co..  III.,  on  th* 
Mississippi  River,  about  50  miles  S.E.  of  Quincy.    Pop.  947. 

Belleview,  a  hamlet  of  Boone  co.,  Ky.,  8  miles  froM 
Aurora,  Ind.     Here  is  Grant  Post-Office. 

Belleview,  a  post-hamlet  of  Christian  co.,  Ky.,  10 
miles  from  Ilopkinsville.     It  has  a  church. 

Belleview,  a  station  in  Henry  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Louis- 
ville &  Lexington  Railroad,  23  miles  N.W.  of  Frankfort. 

Belleview,  a  township  of  Morrison  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  93. 

Belleview,  a  post-village  of  Iron  co.,  Mo.,  about  9 
miles  N.W.  of  Ironton,  and  5  miles  from  Iron  Mountain. 
It  has  2  or  3  churches. 

Belleview,  a  township,  Washington  co.,  Mo.    P.  1867. 

Belleview,  a  post-village  of  Lebanon  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Swatara  River,  about  20  miles  E.N.E,  of  Harrisburg. 

Belle  View,  or  Bellevue,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greer- 
ville  CO.,  S.C.,  12  miles  from  Greenville.  It  has  a  flour-mill 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Belleview,  or  Bellevne,  a  post-hamlet  of  Davidscn 
CO.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Nashville  &,  St.  Louis  Railroad,  12  mil«i 
W,  of  Nashville.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 


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620 


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Belleviewv  »  post-hamlet  of  Rusk  oo.,  Tex.,  about  10 
miles  N.  of  Hcnderaon. 

Boll eville,b4irveel',» former villagoof  France, dopnrt- 
ment  of  Seino,  now  a  suburb  of  Paris,  and  enclosed  by  fortitt- 
cations.  It  stands  on  an  eminence,  interspersed  with  villas 
atid  publio  pinions,  and  has  manufactures  of  cashmeres, 
ohennoiil  priKlucts,  soap,  and  metals.     Pop,  57,700. 

Ilelleville,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  RhOne, 
at  a  railwiiy  junction,  on  the  Saftne,  8  miles  N.  of  Ville- 
franche.     Pop.  3261. 

Belleville,  bSI'vTl,  a  post-village  of  Conecuh  oo.,  Ala., 
8  miles  from  Sparta,  and  75  miles  S.  of  Selma.  It  has  an 
academy  and  2  churches,  and  is  surrounded  by  pine  forests. 
Pop.  250. 

BelleTille,  a  post-village  of  Yell  oo..  Ark.,  about  9 
milos  N.  of  Danville.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  steam 
■aw-  and  grist-mills,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  500. 

Belleville,  or  Bellville,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton 
00.,  Fla.,  about  70  miles  E.N.E.  of  Tallahassee,  and  12 
miles  from  Madison  Court- House.     It  has  2  churches. 

llelleville,  a  city  and  railroad  centre  of  Illinois,  the 
capital  of  St.  Clair  co.,  is  situated  on  high  ground,  on  the 
Louisville  &  Nashville,  Louisville,  Evaiisvilieand  St.  Louis, 
and  the  St.  Louis,  Alton  &  Terre  Haute  Railroads,  Id  miles 
8.E.  of  St.  Louis.  It  contains  10  churches,  a  convent,  a 
national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  several  breweries',  and  ex- 
tensive manufactures  of  iron,  nails,  flour,  steain-engine.s 
threshing-machines,  pumps,  drills,  &o.  A  large  proportion 
of  the  population  is  German.  Three  daily  German  news- 
f>aper8  are  published  here  by  parties  who  also  issue  weekly 
editions  in  German.  Here  are  also  printing-offices  which 
issue  2  weekly  English  newspapers.  Belleville  has  rich 
mines  of  bituminous  coal,  the  beds  of  which  are  thick  and 
easily  accessible.     Pop.  in  18S0,  10,683;  in  1890,  15.360. 

Belleville,  a  post-village  of  Hendricks  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Liberty  township,  on  the  St.  Loui?,  Vandalia  &  Terre 
Haute  Railroad,  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has 
2  churches.     Pop.  264, 

Believil le,  township,  Chautauqua  co.,  Kans.   Pop.  936. 

Belleville,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas, 
in  a  tine  agricultural  section,  87  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Man- 
hattan. It  has  6  churches,  3  banks,  a  high  school  and 
other  city  schools,  and  2  newspaper  offices.  Pop.  in  1890, 
1868. 

Belleville,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Huron  River,  in  Van  Buren  township,  23  miles  by  rail 
W.S.W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
graded  schools,  3  grist-mills,  3  saw-mills,  and  manufactures 
of  carriages,  cider,  jelly,  cheese,  brooms,  and  cigars.  Pop. 
in  1S1M),  367. 

Belleville,  a  hamlet  of  Cole  co.,  Mo.,  8  miles  from 
Centretown  Railroad  Station.     Lead  is  found  near  it. 

Belleville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Mo.,  77 
miles  W.N.W.  of  St.  Louis. 

.  Belleville,  a  post-office  and  mining  village  of  Esme- 
ralda CO.,  Nevada,  135  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Wadsworth.  It 
has  2  or  3  mills  for  silver,  which  is  mined  here.     Pop.  500. 

Belleville,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  N.J.,  in  Belle- 
ville township,  on  the  Passaic  River,  and  on  the  Newark 
Branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  3  miles  N,  of  Newark,  and  10 
miles  from  New  York  City ;  also  on  the  Montolair  &  Green- 
wood Lake  Railroad.  The  Watchung  Railroad  extends 
hence  to  Orange.  It  has  2  academies,  5  churches,  a  rolling- 
mill  for  copper,  and  a  manufactory  of  hats.  Brass  and 
copper  wire  are  made  here.     Pop.  of  township,  3644. 

Belleville,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Ellisburg  township,  on  North  Sandy  Creek,  about  33  miles 
N.E.  of  Oswego,  and  5  miles  E.  of  Lake  Ontario.  It  has 
the  Union  Academy  of  Belleville,  3  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  carriages,  chairs,  and  furniture. 
'  Belleville,  or  Bellville,  a  post-village  of  Richland 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Clear  Fork  of  the  Mohican  River,  and  on 
the  Lake  Erie  division  of  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  14 
milos  S.  of  Mansfield,  and  48  miles  N.  of  Newark.  It  has  a 
Kank,  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of 
baskets,  machinery,  Ac.     Pop.  720. 

.(Belleville,  a  post-village  of  Mifflin  co..  Pa.,  about  9 
miles  W.  of  Lewistown.  It  has  3  churches,  and  several  mills 
flr  factories. 

Belleville,  or  Bellville,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Austin  CO.,  Tex.,  on  the  Texas  &  Western  Railroad,  59  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Houston,  and  6  miles  W.  of  the  Brazos  River, 
fit  has  2  academies,  and  manufactures  of  furniture,  Ac. 

Belleville,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
fOhio,  18  miles  below  Parkersburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
•public  school,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  208. 

Belleville)  a  post-village  of  Dane  co..  Wis.,  in  Mon- 


trose township,  on  Sugar  River,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Madison. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  grado<l  school,  and  a  mill.     Pup.  132. 

Belleville,  the  ca])ital  of  the  co.  of  llaKtings,  ()Mtario, 
on  the  Bay  of  Quintc,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Moira,  48 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Kingston.  It  is  well  built,  is  lighted 
with  gas  and  electric  light,  and  has  a  good  harbor  and  un- 
limited water-power.  The  town  contains  the  county  build- 
ings, numerous  handsome  stores,  otlices  from  which  2  daily 
and  2  weekly  newspapers  are  issued,  15  churches,  a  con- 
vent, common  schools,  2  business  colleges,  breweries,  dis- 
tilleries, chandleries,  foundries,  flouring-mills,  woollen- 
factories,  sash-,  door-,  blind-,  canning-,  and  furniture- 
factories,  saw-mills  and  grain  elevators,  Ac.  It  is  the  seat 
of  Albert  College.     Pop.  in  1891,  9914. 

Beilevoir,b6rv6r',  a  post-hamlet  of  Chatham  oo.,  N.C., 
about  30  miles  W.  of  Raleigh. 

Bellevous  (beir  voo')  Village,  a  post- village  in  West- 
moreland CO.,  New  Brunswick,  7  miles  from  Memramcook. 

Bellevue.     See  also  Bellevikw  and  Belvue. 

Bellevue,  bgPvu',  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  is  on  the  Del- 
aware River,  4  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Wilmington. 

Bellevue,  Talbot  co.,  Ga.    See  Belleview. 

Bellevue,  a  post-town  of  Logan  co.,  Idaho,  52  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Shoshone.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  flour-mill,  several  mining  companies,  and 
numerous  stores  and  other  business  concerns.     Pop.  892. 

Bellevue,  a  post-town  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa,  is  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Clinton  A  Dubuque 
Railroad,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Dubuque,  and  28  miles  N.  by 
W.  from  Clinton.  It  is  finely  situated,  and  has  a  good 
landing  for  steamboats.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  ]iub- 
lished  here.  Bellevue  has  5  churches,  2  private  banks,  2 
flouring-mills,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  1394. 

Bellevue,  a  town  of  Campbell  co.,  Ky.,  adjacent  to 
Newport,  and  connected  by  street  railroad  with  Cincinnati. 
It  contains  4  churches,  carriage- factory,  Ac.  Pop.  about 
3500. 

Bellevue,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Bossier  parish.  La., 
on  Lake  Bodcau,  about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Shreveport.  It 
has  3  churches  and  a  weekly  newspaper. 

Bellevue,  a  post-village  of  Eaton  co.,  Mich.,  on  Battle 
Creek,  32  miles  S.W.  of  Lansing,  and  13  milos  N.E.  of  the 
town  of  Battle  Creek.  It  has  a  graded  school,  2  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  2  limekilns,  a  foundry,  a  bank,  and  a 
planing-mill.     Pop.  914;  of  the  township,  2084. 

Bfllevue,  a  station  of  Morrison  co.,  Minn.,  96  miles 
N.W.  of  St.  Paul.     Pop.  of  township,  79. 

Bellevue,  a  post-village  of  Sarpy  co..  Neb.,  finely  sit- 
uated on  the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  Burlington  A  Mis* 
souri  River  Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of  Omaha,  and  58  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  4  churches,  a  high  school,  and 
a  manufactory  of  bee-hives. 

Bellevue,  a  station  in  Cumberland  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Bridgeton  A  Port  Norris  Railroad,  3  miles  S,  of  Bridgeton, 

Bellevue,  a  post-village  of  Huron  and  Sandusky  cos., 
0.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan  Southern  RailromI,  67 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Cleveland,  11  miles  W.  of  Norwalk,  and 
45  miles  S.E.  of  Toledo.     It  has  2  banks,  2  flouring-mills, 

2  foundries,  2  machine-shops,  2  weekly  newspapers,  7 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  barrels,  and  agri- 
cultural implements.     Pop.  in  1890,  8052. 

Bellevue,  a  post-borough  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  and  on  two  railroads,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Pittsburg. 
It  has  6  churches  and  an  academy.     Pop.  750. 

Bellevue,  a  station  in  Lackawanna  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Dela- 
ware, Lackawanna  A  Western  Railroad,  1  mileS.  of  Scranton. 

Bellevue,  a  station  within  the  limits  of  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  on  the  Norristown  Branch  of  the  Reading  Railroad,  4 
miles  N.W.  of  the  initial  station. 

Bellevue,  hamlet.  South  Carolina.    See  Belle  Vieit. 

Bellevue,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  Tex.,  16  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Henrietta,  and  79  miles  N.W.  of  Fort  Worth. 
It  has  2  churches,  Ac. 

Bellevue,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co.,  Va. 

Bellevue,  a  township  of  Brown  co..  Wis.     Pop.  711. 

Bellevue  Mountain,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Elk 
Mountains,  in  lat.  39"  1'  N.,  Ion.  107°  1'  W.  It  has  an 
altitude  of  12,350  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Bell  Ew'art,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Lake  Simcoe,  53  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Toronto.     It  contains 

3  churches,  several  saw-mills,  a  foundry,  Ac.     Pop.  600. 
BeJ'Iew's,  a  station  in  Shenandoah  co.,  Va.,  on  the 

Strasburg  A  Harrisonburg  Railroad,  70  miles  S.W.  of  liar 
per's  Ferry. 

Bel  ley,  bftrii'  (anc  Bel'Uca,  Bel'licnm,  and  Belli' cum), 
a  town  of  France,  department  of  Ain,  near  the  Rhone,  44 
miles  E.  of  Lyons.     It  is  the  seat  of  a  bishop.    Pop.  4700. 


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621 


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Bell  Fac'tory,  a  post-office  of  Madison  cc,  Ala. 

Bellfair  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Stafford  co.,  Va.,  8 
I  miles  from  Quantico  Station.     It  has  manufactures  of  flour. 
I     Bell  Flower,  township,  McLean  co.,  111.     Pop.  659. 
i     Bellheim,   bfiU'hlme,  a  market-town   of  Bavaria,  5 
I  miles  from  Germersheim,  on  the  Spiegelbach.     Pop.  2679. 
I     Bellica,  Beliicum,  or  Bellicium.    See  Uelley. 
I     Belligain,  bSlMe-gim',  a  town  of  Ceylon,  on  a  small 
i  bat  beautiful  bay,  between  Matura  and  Galle. 
I     Bell'ingham,  apost-hauilet  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  on 
!  the  New  York  &  New  England,  and  Hopkinton,  Milford  <fc 
I  Woonsocket  Railroads,  .32  miles  S.W.  of  Boston.     Pop.  in 
1 1880,  1223;  in  1890,  13.S4. 

I  Bel  iingham,  a  post- village  of  Lac-qui-parle  CO.,  Minn., 
'  near  lake  Lac-qui-parle,  170  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Minne- 
'  apolis.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  and^a 
;  graded  school.     Pop.  500. 

I  Bell'ingham  Bay,  in  Whatcom  co.,  Washington,  on 
i  the  E.  side  of  llosario  Strait,  is  14  miles  long,  3  miles  wide, 
!  and  with  from  3  to  20  fathoms  of  water.  Good  lignite  is 
;  mined  at  Whatcom  and  Sehome,  on  this  bay. 

Bellingshausen  (bSriings-how'zgn)  Island,  one  of 
\  the  Society  Islands,  is  in  lat.  15°  48'  S.,  Ion.  154°  30'  W. 
I  Bellinzona,  bSriin-zo'nS.  (Ger.  lieilenz,  h&Vlints ;  anc. 
!  Bilitio),  a  town,  one  of  the  capitals  of  the  Swiss  canton  of 
Ticino,  on  the  Ticino,  and  on  a  railway,  16  miles  N.  of 
I  Lugano.     Pop.  2361. 

I  Beil'mont,  a  post-village  of  Wabash  co..  111.,  on  the 
i  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  9  miles  W. 

i«rf  Mount  Carmel.     It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  600. 
Bellmore,  0.    See  Belmore. 
BelI'more,  a  post- village  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.,  in  Union 
:  township,  about  7  miles  from  Rockville,  and  30  miles  N.E. 
!  of  Terre  Haute.     It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  <fec. 
i     Bellmore,  or  New  Bridge,  a  village  of  Queens  co., 
I  N.Y.,  in  Hempstead  township,  on  the  Southern  Railroad  of 
•  Long  Island,  and  on  South  Oyster  Bay,  26  miles  E.  by  S, 
i  of  Brooklyn.     It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  car- 
j  riages,  shoes,  Ac.     Near  it  is  Smithville  South  Post-Office. 
!      Bel'lo,  a  station  in  Napa  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  California 
I  Pacific  Railroad,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Calistoga. 
I      Bello'na,  a  post-village  of  Yates  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Benton 
\  township,  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  18  miles  S.E. 
;  of  Canandaigua,  and  6  miles  N.  of  Penn  Yan.     It  has  2 

churches. 
I      Bellona,  a  decayed  hamlet  of  Chesterfield  co.,  Ya.,  15 
'  miles  W.  of  Richmond.     It  had  formerly  a  Uuited  States 
I  arsenal  and  cannon-foundry. 

I      Bellota,  bel-lo'ta,  a  post-office  of  San  Joaquin  co., 
!  Cal.,  5  miles  from  Peters  Railroad  Station. 
j      Bellou-en-HouIme,  bfilMoo'-ftNo-hoolm,  a  village  of 
I  France,  in  Orne,  13  miles  N.  of  Domfront.     Pop.  2624. 
I      Bellou-sur-Huisne,  bfirioo'-sUR-ween,  a  village  of 
j  France,  in  Orne,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Mortagne.     Pop.  857. 
I      Bellovacum,  an  ancient  name  of  Beauvais. 
I      Bellovar,  or  Belovar,  b5l-lo-vaR',  a  town  of  Austria, 
I  in  Croatia,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Kreutz.     Pop.  2151. 
!       Bel'lows  Falls,apost-villageof  Windhamco.,  Vt.,  in 
;  Rockingham  township,  on  the  Connecticut   River,   at  the 
northwest  terminus  of  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  and  on  the 
Central  Vermont  Railroad,  52  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rutland,  and 
100  miles  S.  of  Montpelier.     It  is  surrounded  by  beautiful 
;   scenery.     It  has  6  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  board  of  trade,  an  extensive  manufactory  of  dairy 
and   sugar-making    implements,   a    scythe-snath    factory 
'    (claimed  to  be  the  largest  in  the  world),  and  manufactures 
j   of  paper,  <fec.     The  river  descends  about  44  feet  here,  fur- 
'   Dishing  abundant  water-power,  which  is  utilized   in  the 
,'    various  manufacturing  establishments  of  the  place.     Pop. 
f   in  I8S0,  2229;  in  1890,  3082. 
i       Bellowston,  Ontario.     See  Westmeath, 
'       Bel'lowsville,  a  post-village  of  Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  and  on  the  Cleveland  &,  Pittsburg  Railroad, 
I    about  3  miles  S.W.  of  Rochester.     It  has  3  churches,  and 
i    manufactures  of  bellows,  ropes,  and  twine. 

Bell'port,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  co..  Long  Island, 
!    N.Y.,  on  Great  South  Bay,  4  miles  S.  of  Bellport  Station, 
on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  and  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  River- 
head.     It  has  3  churches,  marine  railways,  and  3  stores. 
I    Pop.  450. 

1       Bell  Road,  a  station  in  Delaware  eo..  Pa.,  on  the  Phil- 
!    adelphia  &  Chester  Railroad,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Philadelphia. 
Bell  Rock,  or  Inch-Cape,  a  reef  in  the  German 
Ocean,  off  the  E.  coast  of  Scotland,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Ar- 
broath. 

Bell  Rock,  a  post-village  in  Frontonac  co.,  Ontario,  20 
miles  from  Napanee.     Pop.  200. 


Bell's,  a  station  in  Jo  Daviess  co.,  111.,  on  the  Galena 
<k  Southern  Wisconsin  Railroad,  7  miles  from  Galena. 

Bell's,  a  post-town  of  Grayson  co.,  Tex.,  13  miles  by 
rail  E.  by  S.  of  Sherman.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  high 
school.     Pop.  about  600. 

Bell's  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Shasta  eo.,  Cal. 

Bells'burg,  a  post-office  of  Dickson  co.,  Tenn. 

Bell's  Corners,  apost-village  in  Carleton  co.,  Ontario, 
on  a  railway,  8|  miles  from  Ottawa.     Pop.  100. 

Bell's  Corners,  Ontario.    See  North  Williamsbcrg. 

Bell's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Louisa  co.,  Va. 

Bell's  Depot,  or  Bell'ville,  a  post-village  of  Crock- 
ett CO.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Louisville  <fc  Memphis  Railroad,  69 
miles  N.E.  of  Memphis.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  saddles  and  wagons. 
Pop.  about  1500. 

Bell's  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Pitt  co.,  N.C. 

Bell's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bates  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Os.age  River,  20  miles  from  Pleasanton,  Kansas.  It  has  a 
grist-mill. 

Bell's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cleburne  co.,  Ala.,  25 
miles  from  Oxford,  has  a  church,  and  grist-  and  saw-mills. 

Bell's  Mills,  Blair  co.,  Pa.     See  Bellwood. 

Bell's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co..  Pa.,  on  Ma- 
honing Creek,  about  45  miles  N.W.  of  Altoona.  Bell's 
Station  is  on  the  Low  Grade  division  of  the  Alleghany 
Valley  Railroad,  3  miles  E.  of  Brookville. 

Bell's  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  McKean  co..  Pa.,  7  miles 
from  Turtle  Point  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Bell's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Santa  Clara  co.,  Cal. 

Bell's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Nevada  co..  Ark.,  22 
miles  W.  of  Camden. 

Bell's  Trace,  a  village  of  Carter  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Eastern  Kentucky  Railroad,  at  Willard  Station,  11  miles 
S.  of  Grayson.     It  has  2  churthes. 

Bell's  Valley,  apost-village  of  Rockbridge  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Chesapeake  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  28  miles  S.W.  of  Staun- 
ton.    It  has  3  churches. 

Bell'ton,  a  post-village  of  Hall  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Atlanta 
&  Richmond  Air-Line  Railroad,  67  miles  N.E.  of  Atlanta. 
It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Bellton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  35  miles  S.S.E.  of  Wheeling. 

Bell  Town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Tenn.,  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Sweetwater.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bell  Town,  the  capital  of  a  native  chief  of  Guinea, 
on  the  Cameroons  River,  near  its  estuary.  It  is  large,  and 
regularly  built,  consisting  of  neat  bamboo  houses.  Mer- 
chant-vessels may  lie  in  the  river  quite  close  to  the  town. 

Belluno,  bSl-loo'no,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Venetia, 
enclosed  by  Udine,  Treviso,  Viccnza,  and  the  Tyrol,  with 
the  Carnic  Alps  on  the  N.  and  N.W.  Area,  1263  square 
miles.     Capital,  Belluno.     Pop.  175,282. 

Belluno  (anc.  Bellu'num  or  Belu'num),  a  city  of  North 
Italy,  on  the  Piave,  61  miles  N.  of  Venice.  It  is  enclosed 
by  old  walls,  and  has  a  fine  aqueduct,  a  cathedral  designed 
by  Palladio,  a  rich  hospital,  diocesan  and  high  schools,  a 
public  library,  manufactures  of  silk  fabrics,  leather,  hatsy 
and  earthenware.     It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  15,509. 

Bell'vale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  about  23 
miles  S.W.  of  Newburg.  It  has  a  church,  a  woollen-factory, 
2  grist-mills,  a  chair-factory,  Ac. 

Bellview,  bg^vvi',  a  coal-mining  hamlet  of  Alleghany 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Monongahela  River,  2  miles  below  Eliza- 
beth.    It  has  a  church. 

Bell'ville,  Arkansas  and  Florida.    See  Belleville. 

Bellville,  Richland  co.,  0.     See  Belleville. 

Beilville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Austin  co.,  Tex., 
19  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Brenham.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
bank,  and  3  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  807. 

Bell'wood,  or  Bellewood,  bel'wood,  a  hamlet  of 
Dakota  co.,  Minn.,  6  miles  S.  of  Hastings.     It  has  a  church. 

Bellwood,  a  post-village  of  Butler  co.,  Neb.,  65  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  413. 

Bellwood,  or  Bell's  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Blair 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of 
Altoona,  and  at  the  junction  of  the  Bell's  Gap  Railroad. 
It  has  5  churches,  railroad  foundry-  and  machine-shops,  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  1146, 

BePmar',  a  post-borough  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  5 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Asbury  Park.  It  contains  4  churches, 
a  public  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of 
sash,  doors,  and  blinds.     Pop.  about  1000. 

BePmond',  a  post- village  of  Wright  co.,  Iowa,  in  Bel- 
mond  township,  and  on  the  Iowa  River,  about  32  miles  S.W. 
of  Mason  City.    One  newspaper  is  published  here.    It  baa 


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622 


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r 


4  ohurehea,  2  bunks,  »  high  lohool,  a  now«paper  offiov,  8 
•onp-fiiotory,  a  fcri8t-mill,  <tc.     Pup.  SOS. 

llelmunt,  Mrui&ip',  a  town  of  Franco,  dopartmQnt  of 
Loiro,  24  uiiIm  N.U.  of  Kuanne.  Pop.  3S72.  Belmont  u 
the  nuine  altio  uf  sevoral  otliLT  villageH  of  France. 

ilel'montt  a  oounty  in  the  S.U.  part  of  Ohio,  haa  an 
area  of  about  525  square  iniles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
tiM  Ohio  Hirer,  and  is  drained  by  Captina  and  Indian 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating ;  the  soil  is  fer- 
tile and  arable  even  on  the  summits  of  the  hills.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  outs,  tubaoco,  butter,  and  wool  are  the  staple 
products.  Forests  of  the  ash,  chestnut,  elm,  hickory,  oiaplo, 
white  oak,  and  tulip-troe  cover  nearly  one-fuurth  of  the 
•urfiMse.  Beds  uf  bituminous  oual  have  been  opened  in  this 
oounty.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Baltimore  k  Ohio  Rail- 
road, which  meets  the  Bellaire,  Ziincsville  &  Cincinnati 
Railroail  and  a  branch  of  the  Cleveland  &  Pittsburg  Itail- 
n>ad,  at  Bellaire.  Capital,  St.  Clairsville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
39,714;  in  1S8U,  49,638;  in  18U0,  67,413. 

llelmont,  a  post-village  of  Sumter  co.,  Ala.,  6  miles 
N.W.  of  Demopolia.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  school.  Pop. 
about  100. 

Ilelmontt  a  post-hamlot  of  Cratvford  oo.,  Ark.,  about 
11  miles  N.E.  of  v'^an  Buron.     It  has  a  tannery. 

llclmuut,  a  post-village  of  San  Matoo  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
^utherji  Pacific  Kailroad,  25  miles  S.  of  San  Francisco.  It 
has  several  stores. 

Belmontt  a  township  of  Iroquois  co.,  111.,  traversed  by 
the  Chicago,  Danville  &  Viucennes  Railroad.  Pop.  833. 
There  is  a  Belmont  Station  near  the  township  limits,  on  the 
Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Watseka. 

Belmont,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1145. 
It  contains  Taunton. 

Belmont,  a  hamlet  of  Doniphan  oo.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  8  miles  above  St.  Joseph,  Mo.    Pop.  79. 

Belmont,  a  township  of  Woodson  co.,  Kansas,  20  miles 
from  Humboldt.     Pop.  622. 

Belmont,  a  post-village  of  Bullitt  co.,  Ky.,  on  Salt 
River,  and  on  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  25  miles 
S.  of  Louisville.  It  has  a  church,  a  seminary,  and  a  spoke- 
faetory. 

Belmont,  a,  small  village  of  Campbell  co.,  Ky. 

Belmont,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Waldo  co., 
Me.,  6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Belfast.  It  has  manufactures  of 
barrels  and  lime-casks.     Pop.  628. 

Belmont,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Belmont  township,  on  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  6  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  high  school  and  2  churches. 
Belmont  has  a  fertile  soil  and  many  market-gardens,  which 
furnish  early  vegetables  for  Boston.   Pop.  of  township,  2098. 

Belmont,  a  station  in  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  a  branch 
of  the  Eastern  Railroad,  i  mile  from  Everett  and  i  mile 
from  Maiden,  between  which  towns  it  is  situated. 

Belmont,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  and  a 
Station  on  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad,  7  miles 
K.  of  Grand  Rapids.    It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Belmont,  a  post-township  of  Jackson  co.,  Minn.,  10 
miles  from  Windom.  It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory. 
Pop.  288. 

Belmont,  a  post-oflico  of  Tishemingo  co..  Miss. 

Belmont,  a  post-village  of  Mississippi  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  nearly  opposite  Columbus,  Ky.  It  is  the 
southeast  terminus  of  the  Missouri  division  of  the  St.  Louis, 
Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  195  miles  by  rail  and 
220  by  water  below  St.  Louis.  An  indecisive  battle  fought 
here  November  7, 1861,  was  the  first  at  which  General  Grant 
had  the  chief  command. 

Belmont,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dawes  co.,  Neb.,  about  45 
Vilus  by  rail  N.W.  of  Alliance.  ^ 

Belmont,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Nye  oo.,  Nevada^ 
about  85  miles  S.S.E.  of  Austin,  and  12  miles  from  Mount 
Jefferson.  It  is  8400  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  It 
baa  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  foundry,  and 
lieh  silver-mines.     Pop.  about  600. 

Belmont,  a  post-village  of  Belknap  co.,  N.II.,  in  Be' 
mont  township,  18  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Concord.  It  has  2 
churches,  2  lumber-mills,  and  a  manufactory  of  hosiery. 
Pop.  of  township  in  1880,  1228;  in  1890,  1142. 

Belmont,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Genesee  River,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  366  miles 
W.N.W.  of  New  York,  92  miles  W.  of  Elmira,  and  about 
68  miles  S.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  bank,  6 
churches,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  flouring-mill,  tooth-pick- 
factory,  sash-  and  blind-factory,  lumber-mill,  an  academy, 
and  a  free  school.  It  was  formerly  called  Pbillipsville. 
Pop.  950. 

Belmont,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  N.Y.,  including 


a  largo  tract  in  the  Adirondaoks.    It  contains  Popaville,  and 
has  iron-mines  and  sevoral  flno  lakes.     Pop.  2088. 

Belmont,  a  village  of  New  York  co.,  N.Y.,  is  a  subui| 
of  Fordham.     Pop.  171. 

Belmont,  a  ])ost-village  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  iu  Gosheg 
township,  on  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  19  miles  \V. 
of  Bellaire,  and  59  milea  £.  of  Zanesville.  It  has  2  churohet. 
Pop.  287. 

Belmont,  a  station  on  the  Reading  Railroad,  in  Fair- 
mount  Park,  West  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Belmont,  a  post-otfico  and  station  of  Coffee  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  McMinnville  &  Manchester  Railroad,  4^  miles  S.W. 
of  Manchester. 

Belmont,  a  post-village  of  Gonzales  oo.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Guadalupe  River,  10  miles  from  Luling,  and  about  56  milfn 
S.  of  Austin.     It  has  a  church  and  a  seminary. 

Belmont,  a  post- village  of  Lafayette  co..  Wis.,  8  niile« 
by  rail  W.  of  Calamine,  and  about  60  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Madison.  Here  are  several  mounds  about  100  feet  high, 
called  the  Platte  mounds.  The  village  has  a  church,  % 
graded  school,  and  several  stores.  Pop.  about  250  ;  of  thf 
township,  1271. 

Belmont,  a  post-villnge  in  Middlesex  co..  Ontario,  1^ 
miles  from  London.  It  has  3  churches,  a  public  school,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  flax-,  grist-,  and  saw-mills. 

Belnionte,  bdl-mon'ti,  a  town  of  Italy, on  the  McditWf 
ranean,  province  and  14  miles  S.W.  of  Coscnza.    Pop.  3775, 

Belmonte,  b^l-mon'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  35  miles  S.W. 
of  Cuenca.     Pop.  2601. 

Belmonte,  bil-mon't^,  a  town  of  Portugal, province  o( 
Beira,  15  miles  S.  of  Guarda.     Pop.  1773. 

Belmonte,  a  river  of  Brazil.    See  Jequitiniiomiu. 

Belmonte,  bil-mon't^,  a  town  of  Brazil,  on  the  Bel, 
monte  River,  with  a  port  on  the  Atlantic.     Pop.  600. 

Belmonte  Mezzagno,  bil-mon't^  mit-san'yo,  atowB 
of  Sicily,  5  miles  S.  of  Palermo.     Pop.  3880. 

Bel'mont  Junc'tion,  in  Babylon,  Sufiolkco.,  N.Y.,i| 
on  the  Central  &  Southern  llailroads  of  Long  Island,  1  mii| 
W.  of  Babylon  Village. 

Belmore.    See  Bellmore. 

BeI'more,  or  BelI'more,  a  post-village  of  Putnas^ 
CO.,  0.,  in  Van  Buren  township,  on  the  Dayton  <fe  Michigan 
Railroad,  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Toledo.  It  htvs  2  churches,  ^ 
union  school,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  stave-factory.     Pop.  26L  . 

BeI'more,  a  post-village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  5  mile(| 
from  Wroxeter.     Pop.  200. 

Belmul'let,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Mayo,  on  Bhicl(.i 
sod  Bay,  32  miles  W.  of  Ballina.     Pop.  849. 

BelOBil,  bSrui',  a  town  of  Belgium,  6  miles  S.  of  Ath. 
Here  is  the  famous  ch&teau  of  the  Princes  of  Ligne. 

Bclccil  (bdrul')  Mountain,  in  Rouville  co.,  Quebee^ 
Canada,  21  miles  E.  of  Montreal,  is  about  1500  feet  high.  - 

Belceil  Station,  a  post-village  in  Verchiires  co.,  Que- 
bec, 21  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Montreal.  Pop.  50.  Bi:l<£I| 
Village,  Quebec,  is  on  the  Richelieu  River,  IJ  miles  from 
Beloeil  Station.     Pop.  300. 

BeMoit',  a  post-village  of  Lyon  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Big 
Sioux  River,  opposite  Canton,  S.D.,  and  about  65  miles  fl. 
of  Sioux  City.     It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  flour-mill,  Ac. 

Beloit,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Mitchell  co.,  Kansoi^ 
on  the  Solomon  River,  and  in  Beloit  township,  about  8ft 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Junction  City.  It  has  8  churches,  ^ 
banks,  a  graded  school,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  grist-milL 
and  a  saw-mill.  The  river  affords  extensive  water-power  if 
Beloit.  Here  are  quarries  of  fine  white  magnesian  lime*' 
stone,  a  good  material  for  building.     Pop.  in  1890,  2455. 

Beloit,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mahoning  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Pitts- 
burg, Fort  Wayne  <fc  Chicago  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Alli- 
,nce.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  100. 

Beloit,  a  city  of  Rock  co..  Wis.,  is  situated  on  bot^ 
lides  of  Rock  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Turtle  Creek,  and  on 
,he  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
•outhern  boundary  of  Wisconsin.  It  is  90  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Ihicago,  12  miles  S.  of  Janesville,  and  48  miles  S.S.E.  of 
ladison.  The  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad 
extends  from  Beloit  to  Racine  on  one  hand,  and  to  Free- 
port,  III.,  on  the  other.  Beloit  is  built  on  high  ground, 
with  wide  and  straight  streets,  which  are  bordered  with 
numerous  shade-trees.  It  contains  12  churches,  some  of 
which  are  handsome  edifices,  a  high  school,  2  national 
banks,  several  paper-mills,  2  manufactories  of  reaping-  and 
mowing-machines,  and  machine-sho[)S.  It  is  the  seat  of 
Beloit  College,  which  was  founded  in  1847  and  which  has 
about  350  students  and  a  library  of  17,000  volumes.  Tli« 
students  edit  a  periodical  entitled  the  "  College  Monthly." 
Two  daily  and  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  The 
prosperity  of  Beloit  is  mainly  derived  from  its  variom 


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'lanufactures,  which  consist  of  paper  of  many  varieties, 
iinilmills,  water-wheels,  ploughs,  wagons,  scales,  Ac.    Pop. 
ii  1880,  4790;  in  1890,  6315. 
■  Beloochistan,  Belouchistan,  Balouchistan, 

:  Italuchistan,  or  Beiutchistan,  bel-oo'chis-t4n'  (ano. 
^'edro'sia),  a  country  of  Asia,  between  lat.  24°  50'  and  30° 
'O'  N.  and  Ion.  61°  10'  and  68°  38'  E.,  having  on  the  E. 
inile,   N.   Afghanistan,  N.W.  and  W.  Persia,  and  S.  the 
rabian  Sea.     Area,  121,600  square  miles.     It  contains  the 
rovinces  of  Kelat,   Sarawan,  Kohistan,   Cutch-Gundava, 
halawan.  Loos,  and  Mekran.    Nearly  the  whole  country  is 
lountainous,  except  in  the  N.W.  and  on  the  coast,  its  gen- 
ral  characteristics  being  a  rugged  and  elevated  surface, 
arrcnncss,  and  deficiency  of  water.     Its  mountains  in  the 
.].  are  connected  with  those  of  South  Afghanistan,  and  rise 
3  considerable  elevation.     The  rivers  are  very  insignificant, 
xcc'jit  after  heavy  rains ;  the  largest,  the  Doostce,  though 
;Uj)posed  to  have  a  course  of  1000  miles,  has  been  found  at 
ts  mouth  only  20  inches  deep  and  20  yards  in  width.     The 
;limato  is  exceedingly  varied.     In  the  low  plains  of  Cutch- 
iJundava  and  Loos,  rice  and  sugar-cane,  with  cotton,  indigo, 
'.nd  tobacco,  are  raised ;  in  other  parts,  wheat,  barley,  mad- 
jler,  pulse,  apples,  melons,  pomegranates,  and  assafoetida  are 
jhe  principal  products  ;  on  some  of  the  mountain-sides  the 
lumarisk  and  babool  attain  the  size  of  large  trees.     In  the 
Yide  desert  of  Mekran,  where  the  army  of  Alexander  the 
Ireat  suffered  severe  liardships,  the  date  is  the  only  valuable 
,)roduct.     Pastures  are  generally  poor,  but  many  sheep  and 
!;oats  are  kept,  the  pursuits  of  the  people  being  mostly  pas- 
joral.     The  two-humped  camel  and  the  dromedary  are  used 
is  beasts  of  burden;  in  the  N.W.  good  horses  are  bred. 
Vlineral  products  comprise  copper,  lead,  antimony,  iron, 
|)ulphur,  alum,  and  sal-ammoniac;  but  these  are  turned  to 
little  account.     Prepared  skins,  woollen  felt  and  cloths,  car- 
pets and  tent-covers  of  goats'  or  camels'  hair,  and  rude  fire- 
irms,  are  all  the  manufactured  products.    Sonmeanee  is  the 
bnly  seaport.     Principal  exports,  butter  or  ghee,  hides,  wool, 
|i  few  drugs,  dried  fruits,  fish,  a  little  corn,  and  vegetable 
j)il ;  imports,  British  and  Indian  manufactures,  rice,  spices, 
Uyo-stuHs,  and  slaves  for  Muscat. 

1    The  inhabitants  are   divided   into   two  great  branches, 
[Balled  Beloochees  and   Brahooees,  differing   in  their   lan- 
guage, figure,  and  manners,  and   each  subdivided  into  a 
'number  of  minor  tribes.     The  Beloochees  are  tall  and  well 
jfonned,  and  have  small  bones,  long  faces,  with  prominent 
features,  a  dark  complexion,  and  black  hair.     They  are  in- 
cident and  dissolute,  avaricious,  vindictive,  and  cruel.    The 
Bi  aliooees,  so  called  from  the  words  bah-roh-i  (on  the  waste), 
are  much  shorter  and  broader  than  the   Beloochees,  and 
have  large  bones,  round  faces,  and  flat  features.     They  are 
most  numerous  in  the  province  of  Jhalawan,  and  in  the  N. 
[and  W.  parts,  but  are  found  everywhere.     They  have  greater 
{physical  strength  and  are  less  addicted  to  rapine  and  pred- 
(atory  violence  than  the  Beloochees.     Both  races  are  hos- 
jpitable,    brave,   and   capable   of   enduring  much   fatigue. 
;  Both  Beloochees  and  Brahooees  are  of  the  Soonnite  sect  of 
I  Mohammedans,   and    opposed    to    the   Sheeites   (Shiites). 
;  Neither  race  possesses  a  written  language,  and  their  early 
histories   have  not  been  preserved.     The  Beloochee   lan- 
giMge   resembles   the   modern  Persian,  the   Brahooee  the 
,  Hindoo.     All  the  Beloochees  are  excellent  marksmen  and 
)  attached  to  field-sports.     They  keep  as  many  slaves  as  they 
I  can  maintain,  and  polygamy  is  very  general. 
•      By  the  treaty  of  Khelat  in  1876,  Beloochistan  came  under 
,  British  protection.     The  Khan  now  receives  British  assist- 
ance in  case  of  disorder  as  well  as  an  annuity.     England 
has  the  right  to  establish  military  stations  and  to  take  care 
fur  a  free  passage  through  the  Bolan  Pass.     Since  1877  an 
agent  of  the  British  governor-general  resides  in  Khelat  as 
supreme  British  oflScer,  and  to  him  the  Khan  is  amenable. 
The  limits  between  Sinde  and  Beloochistan  are  definitely 

settled  since  1888.    Pop.  estimated  at  450,000. Adj.  and 

inhab.  Beloo'chee,  or  Beloo'che. 
Beloor-Tagh,c(rBelour-Tagh.    See  Bolor-Tagh. 
Beiorado,  bi-lo-r4'Do,  a  town  of  Spain,  25  miles  E.  of 
Burgos,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Tiron.     Pop.  2380, 
Belostok,  a  town  of  Poland.    See  Bialystok. 
Bclovar,  a^own  of  Austria.     See  Bellovah. 
Belp,  b41p,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  5  miles 
S.E.  of  Bern.     On  its  S.  side  is  the  Belpberg,  a  mountain 
2940  feel  high,  containing  many  petrifactions.     Pop.  2045. 
Belpasso,  b61-pis'so,  a  town  of  Sicily,  7i  miles  N.W. 
of  Catania.     Pop.  7620. 

Belpech,  bSrpfish',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Aude,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Castelnaudary.     Pop.  2343. 

Bel'per,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  of  Derby,  7 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Derby.    It  has  a  mechanics'  institution, 


a  library,  and  a  stone  bridge  across  the  Derwcnt.  Belper 
owes  its  prosperity  to  its  cotton  and  silk  and  cotton  ho«iery 
manufactures,  which  are  very  extensive.  Nails  and  earth* 
enware  are  also  manufactured  here.     Pop.  8527. 

BePpre',  a  post-village  of  Edwards  co.,  Kansas,  17 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Kinsley. 

Belpre,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  0.,  in  Bol- 
pre  township,  and  on  the  Ohio  River,  opposite  Parkersburg, 
W.  Va.,  and  12  miles  below  Marietta.  It  is  on  the  Balti- 
more &  Ohio  Southwestern  Railroad,  204  miles  E.  of  Cin- 
cinnati. A  noble  railroad  bridge  crosses  the  Ohio  River  at 
Belpre.  Large  stock-yards  are  located  here.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  graded  school,  an  extensive  fruit-cannery,  and 
manufactures  of  pumps,  flour,  wool,  and  stoneware.  Pop. 
in  1891,  1007;  of  the  township,  2678. 

Bel'sand  KaMan',  a  village  of  India,  Mozuff"erpoor 
district,  Bengal,  27  miles  N.  of  Mozufferpoor.     Pop.  2971. 

Belsano,  bel-sa'no,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cambria  co.,  Pa., 
9  miles  W.  of  Ebensburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Belsia,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Beauce. 

Belton,  a  village  of  Georgia.     See  Bellton. 

Bel'toii,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  Mo.,  27  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Kansas  City.  It  has  6  churches,  2  banks,  a  pub- 
lic school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  steam  flour-mill,  and  several 
stores.     Pop.  in  1890,  988. 

Beltnn,  a  post-village  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C.,  on  the 
Greenville  &  Columbia  Railroad  at  its  junction  with  the 
Anderson  Branch  of  that  road,  117  miles  W.N.W.  of  Co- 
lumbia, and  25  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Greenville.  It  has  3 
churches,  2  hotels,  Ac.     Pop.  of  township,  1364. 

Belton,  a  city,  capital  of  Bell  co.,  Tex.,  on  Leon  River, 
34  wiles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Waco.  It  has  9  churches,  3 
banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  2  academics,  and  manufactures 
of  cotton-seed  oil,  ice,  brick,  <fec.  It  is  the  seat  of  Baylor 
Female  College.     Pop.  in  1880,  1797  ;  in  1890,  3000. 

Beltrami,  bel-tram'e,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of 
Minnesota,  is  partly  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Red  Lake,  and 
on  the  S.E.  by  the  Mississippi  River  and  Cass  Lake.  It 
contains  several  other  lakes.  The  surface  is  elevated  and 
partly  covered  with  forests.  Pop.  in  1870,  80 ;  in  1880, 
10;  in  1890,  312. 

Belts,  Great  and  Little.  The  Great  Belt  is  a  strait 
forming  the  central  communication  between  the  Baltic  and 
the  Cattegat,  and  separating  the  island  of  Funen  from  See- 
land.  Its  length  is  37  miles,  its  medium  breadth  18  miles. 
The  depth  of  its  channel  ranges  between  6  and  26  fathoms. 
It  has  many  shoals,  and  navigation  is  diflScult.  In  autumn 
and  winter  it  is  often  encumbered  with  drift  ice.  The 
Little  Belt  is  a  strait  forming  the  western  communication 
between  the  Baltic  and  the  Cattegat,  and  separating  the 
island  of  Funen  from  Jutland.  Its  length  is  30  miles ;  its 
breadth,  from  1000  yards  to  12  miles;  its  depth,  between 
6  and  30  fathoms.  "The  same  inconveniences  and  dangers 
beset  this  passage  as  the  former.  It  is  annually  frozen  up 
from  December  to  April.  The  two  Belts,  with  the  Sound, 
form  the  only  communication  between  tlie  Baltio  and  the 
Cattegat. 

Belts'ville,  a  post-village  of  Prince  George's  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Washington  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Rail- 
road, 28  miles  S.W.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  2  churches.  Iron 
ore  is  mined  here. 

BelHur'bet,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  8i  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Cavan,  on  the  Earn.     Pop.  1759. 

Belur-Tagh,  mountains  of  Asia.    See  Bolor-Tagii. 

Belvedere,  b5l-vi-di'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  Med« 
iterranean,  32  miles  N.W.  of  Cosenza.     Pop.  4858. 

Belvedere,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Marches,  15  miles 
W.  of  Ancona.     Pop.  2396. 

Belvedere,  b51-v4-di'ri,  a  hamlet  of  Saxe-Weimar, 
near  Weimar,  with  a  summer  palace  of  the  grand  dukes. 

Belvedere,  a  lake  of  Ireland.     See  Ennel. 

Belves,  bSlv,  a  town  of  France,  in  Dordogne,  on  a  rail. 
way,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Sarlat.     Pop.  2517. 

Uelvidere,  bSlV^-deer',  a  city,  the  capital  of  Boone 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Kishwaukee  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  & 
Northwestern  Railroad  (Freeport  Line),  78  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Chicago,  and  43  miles  E.  of  Freeport.  Belvidere  has 
graded  schools,  2  national  bnnks,  1  other  bank,  1 1  churches, 
2  flouring-mills,  a  plough-factor}',  and  manufactories  of 
cheese,  pickles,  reapers,  sewing-machines  (said  to  be  the 
largest  concern  of  the  kind  in  the  West),  bed-springs,  and 
boots  and  shoes.  Three  newspapers  are  published  here. 
Pop.  in  1890,  5730. 

Belvidere,  a  post-village  of  Kiowa  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Englewood  Branch  of  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6 
Railroad,  and  15  miles  S.E.  of  Greensburg. 

Belvidere*  township,  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  123. 


BEL 


624 


BEN 


Belvidere,  a  post-village  of  Thayer  co.,  Neb.,  in  the 
▼alley  of  the  Little  Sandy  Creek,  on  2  railroads,  76  miles 
B.S.K.  of  Grand  Island.  It  has  8  churches,  a  bank,  a 
foundry,  a  high  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  359. 

Belvidere^  the  capital  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  is  on  the 
Delaware  Kivcr,  at  the  mouth  of  Pequest  Creok,  10  miles 
below  the  Water  Gap,  and  on  the  Belvidere  division  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Enston.  It  con- 
tains 5  churches,  a  national  bank,  3  flouring-niiljs,  a  cotton- 
mill,  2  carringo-fiictories,  4  hotels,  and  a  seminary  for  girls. 
Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  The  Pequest 
Creek  affords  abundant  water-power.  A  bridge  crosses  the 
Delaware  at  Belvidere.  Iron  ore,  slate,  limestone,  and 
magnesia  are  found  in  the  vicinity.  Pop.  in  188U,  1773; 
in  1890,  1768. 

Belvidere^  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Amity  township,  on  the  Genesee  River,  and  on  the  Erie 
Railroad,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Belmont,  and  90  miles  E.  by  S.  of 
Dunkirk.     It  has  saw-mills,  a  church,  and  a  chetse-fnctory. 

Belvidere,  a  post- village  and  township  of  Perquimans 
CO.,  N.C.,  on  Perquimans  River,  40  miles  S.  of  Suffolk,  Va. 
The  township  has  an  academy  and  3  churches.     Pop.  2403. 

Belvidere,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Tenn.,  7 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Winchester. 

Belvidere,  a  mountninous  post-township  of  Lamoille 
CO.,  Vt.,  about  37  miles  N.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  a  church 
and  several  saw-mills.     Pop.  369. 

Belvidere,  a  township  of  Buffalo  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  637. 

Belvidere  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lamoille  co., 
Vt.,  about  40  miles  N.E.  of  Burlington. 

Belvidere  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minn., 
8  miles  S.  of  Red  Wing. 

BeI'vin,  a  township  of  Pitt  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  2151. 

Belvoir,  bee'v^r,  a  district  of  England,  cos.  of  Leices- 
ter and  Lincoln,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Melton-Mowbray. 
Area,  170  acres.  Pop.  180,  chiefly  dependants  of  the  Duke 
of  Rutland,  whose  noble  seat,  Belvoir  Castle,  stands  here. 

BeI'voirS  a  post-office  of  Douglas  co.,  Kansas,  13  miler 
by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Lawrence. 

Belvoir,  a  village  of  Missouri.    See  Schell  City, 

Bclvue,  bsrvu',  a  post-village  of  Pottawatomie  co., 
Kansas,  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  30  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Topeka.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Bel'wood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wellington  co.,  Ont.,  9 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Elora.  It  has  3  churches,  a  grain  ele- 
vator, grist-,  saw-,  and  planing-mills,  <fec.     Pop.  400. 

Belz,  bSlts,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galioia,  40  miles  N.  of 
Lemberg.     Pop.  2670. 

Belz,  bdlz,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Morbi- 
ban,  19  miles  W.  of  Vannes.     Pop.  2103. 

Belzig,  bSlt'sio,  a  town  of  Prussia,  19  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Brandenburg.     Pop.  2475. 

Bern,  a  post-office  of  Gasconade  co.,  Mo.,  about  75  miles 
W.S.W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Bern,  a  post-office  of  Green  co.,  Wis. 

Be'man,  a  post-office  of  Morris  co.,  Kansas,  12  miles 
from  Council  Grove. 

Bembatoo'ka,  called  also  Bem^batook'  and 
Bom^betok',  a  bay  and  town  on  the  N.W.  coast  of 
Madagascar.     Lat.  16°  S. ;  Ion.  46°  E. 

Bem'bridge,  a  village  and  watering-place  of  the  Isle 
of  Wight,  at  its  E.  extremity,  on  Brading  harbor,  consists 
mostly  of  elegant  residences,  surrounded  by  beautiful  scenery. 

Be^meut',  a  post-village  of  Piatt  co..  111.,  in  Bement 
township,  and  on  the  Wabash  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Chicago  &  Paducah  Railroad,  20  miles  E.  by  N.  from  De- 
catur, and  166  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  and  a  flour 
mill.     Pop.  of  township,  1471;  of  the  village,  about  1000. 

Bem'erton,  a  parish  of  England,  oo.  of  Wilts,  cele- 
brated as  the  home  of  George  Herbert. 

Bemfica,  b4m-fee'k4,  a  town  of  Portugal,  8  miles  N.W. 
of  Lisbon.     Pop.  3571. 

Bemini  (bi-mee'ne)  or  Bimini  Islands,  a  small 
group  of  the  Bahamas.  Lat.  25°  40'  N.;  Ion.  79°  10'  W. 
Pop.  210. 

Be'mis,  a  station  of  Carroll  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Portland 
&  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  in  the  White  Mountains,  5  miles 
S.E.  of  Crawford's.     Here  is  Mount  Crawford  Post-Office. 

Bemis  Station,  in  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  is  on  the 
Watertown  Branch  of  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  9  miles  W. 
of  Boston. 

Be'mns  Heights,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Stillwater  township,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Hudson  River, 
24  miles  N.  of  Albany.  Here  occurred  an  engagement  be- 
tween Generals  Gates  and  Burgoyne  in  September,  1777. 

Bemu?  Point,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort  of  Chau- 


tauqua CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Chautauqua  Lake,  10  miloi  W.N.W. 
of  Jamestown.     Hero  is  a  church. 

Ben,  Bcin,  or  Bhcin,  a  Gaelic  word,  signifj  ng  "an 
elevated  summit,"  and  applied,  with  various  distinguishing 
affixes,  to  a  number  of  the  highest  Scottish  mountains. 

Bcnnbarre,  b&-n&-bau'i(&,  a  town  of  Spain,  44  milet 
E.  of  Ilucsca.     Pop.  2090. 

Benacus  Lacus.    See  Lago  di  Gaiida. 

Bena'da,  a  post-office  of  De  Witt  co.,  Tex. 

Bcna^uacil,  bi-ni-gwl-thcel',  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince  and  1 1  miles  N.W.  of  Valencia.  It  has  manufactures 
of  linens.     Pop.  4240. 

Ben>Ahin,  bJn^-4*AN»',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
of  Liege,  2  miles  W.  of  Huy.     Pop.  1850. 

Beua'ja,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.C,  15 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Greensborough.  Elevation  above  sea- 
level,  678  feet. 

Benamargosa,  b^-nS.-maR-go'sJl,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Andalusia,  18  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Malaga.     Pop.  3813. 

Benameji,  bi-nH-mi-nce',  a  town  of  Spain,  39  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Cordova,  on  the  Genii.     Pop.  4526. 

Bcnamocarra,  b^-n&-mo-kaR'it&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Andalusia,  20  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Malaga.     Pop.  4953. 

Benanoir',  one  of  the  peaks  or  "paps"  of  the  island 
of  .Tura,  in  Scotland.     Elevation,  2420  feet. 

Benaocaz,  bi-n&-o-k&th',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Anda- 
lusia, 60  miles  N.E.  of  Cadiz.     Pop.  1960. 

Benaojan,  b^-njl-o-nin',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalu- 
sia, 42  miles  W.N.W.  of  Malaga.     Pop.  2310. 

Benares,  ben-i'rfiz  (anc.  Varanathi,  or  Kaai,i.e.,  "the 
splendid"),  a  city  of  India,  capital  of  the  district  ond  di- 
vision, one  of  the  most  ancient  and  renowned  cities  in  the 
world,  is  on  the  Ganges,  390  miles  N.W.  of  Calcutta.  Lnt. 
25°  7'  N. ;  Ion.  83°  4'  E.  It  is  the  religious  capital  of  tho 
Hindoos,  the  chief  centre  of  Brahmanical  learning,  ami  is 
a  holy  place  in  the  opinion  of  Hindoos  and  Booddliists  alike. 
It  is  therefore  a  great  place  for  pilgrimages,  and  has  many 
beautiful  temples.  It  is  celebrated  for  its  gold  filigree-work, 
its  gold-embroidered  stuffs,  its  silks,  gems,  and  shawls,  and 
has  a  large  trade  in  saltpetre,  indigo,  sugar,  and  English 
goods.  The  city  is  an  important  railway  centre,  and  is  tho 
seat  of  Queen's  College,  a  government  school,  also  of  a  mis- 
sion college,  normal  schools,  orphanages,  hospitals,  and  asy- 
lums for  the  insane,  for  lepers,  and  for  the  blind.  Here 
are  fine  government  buildings,  and  the  public  gardens  are 
famous.  Many  Europeans  reside  here,  cniefly  in  the  N.W. 
suburb  of  Sekrole  or  Sikrol.     Pop.  in  1891,  222,520. 

Benares,  a  division  of  the  North-West  Provinces, 
British  India,  comprises  the  districts  of  Benares,  Mirza- 
poor,  Qhazeepoor,  Azimghur,  Bustee,  and  Goruckpoor.  Cap- 
ital, Benares.    Area,  18,314  square  miles.     Pop.  8,178,147. 

Benares,  a  district  of  the  above  division,  lat.  25°  7'- 
25°  32'  N.,  Ion.  82°  45'-83°  38'  E.  It  is  level,  calcareous, 
and  mostly  of  great  fertility,  and  is  traversed  by  the  Ganges. 
Capital,  Benares.     Area,  996  square  miles.     Pop.  793,699,   • 

Benasal,  bi-ni-sil',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Valencia,  .^0 
miles  N.  of  Castellon  de  la  Plana.     Pop.  1820. 

Benasque,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Venasque. 

Benatek,  bi-ni'tfik,  or  Benatky,  bdn-it'kee,  a  town 
of  Bohemia,  21  miles  N.E.  of  Prague.  Pop.  15C8.  Bena- 
tek is  also  the  name  of  several  villages  in  Bohemia. 

Ben-Aven,  bSn-i'v?n,  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  one  of 
the  Grampians,  between  the  cos.  of  Aberdeen  and  Banff. 

Bcnavcnte,  bi-nJl-v6n'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  34  mile* 
N.  of  Zamora.     Pop.  4536.     It  has  Roman  remains. 

Benavente,  bi-ni-v5n'ti,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
Alemtejo,  27  miles  N.E.  of  Lisbon.     Pop.  2520. 

Benbaun,  bin^bawn',  a  mountain  of  the  Binabola  group, 
Ireland,  co.  of  Galway.     Elevation,  2395  feet. 

Benbecula,  bdn-b^-koo'l&,  one  of  the  Hebrides  Islands, 
between  North  and  South  Uist,  about  8  miles  in  length  and 
in  breadth.  It  is  low,  flat,  and  little  productive.   Pop.  1563. 

Ben'bow,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co..  Mo.,  7  miles 
from  Durham  Railroad  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Ben^burb',  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Tyrone,  on  the 
Blackwater,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Armagh.     Pop.  340. 

Bcncarnum,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Lescar. 

Bench'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Robertson  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  lino  of  Brazos  co.,  on  the  Houston  &  Texas  Central 
Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Bryan.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bencoolen,  or  Benkoelen,  b2n-koo'l$n  (native, 
Bangkaooloo,  bing-ki-oo'loo),  a  residency  and  seaport 
town  of  tho  Dutch  East  Indies,  on  the  W.  coast  of  the 
island  of  Sumatra.  Lat.  3°  47'  6"  S. ;  Ion.  102°  19'  E. 
The  residency  comprises  9690  square  miles.  Pop.  140,126. 
Pop.  of  town,  6000. 

Bencruachan,  bdn-kroo'Kan,  a  mountain  of  Scotland, 


BEN 


625 


BEN 


CO.  of  Argj'le,  between  Lochs  Etive  and  Awe.  Its  height  is 
estimated  at  3670  feet. 

Ben  Da'vis,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Wayne  township,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  <fc  Terre  Haute 
Kaiiroad.     It  has  2  churches. 

Beiidemeer,  or  Bendcmir.    See  Bundemeek. 

Ben'der,  or  Bendery,  ben'der-e,  a  fortified  town  of 
Russia,  in  Bessarabia,  on  the  Dniester,  48  miles  from  its 
mouth,  and  58  miles  by  rail  W.N.AV.  of  Odessa.  It  has  varied 
manufactures,  and  a  large  trade  by  the  river.  In  its  en- 
virons is  Varnitra,  where  Charles  XII.  took  refuge  after  the 
battle  of  Poltava.  Bender  was  taken  by  the  Kussians  in 
1770,  in  1789,  and  in  1809.     Pop.  32,536. 

Ben'der,  a  station  in  Johnson  co.,  111.,  on  the  Cairo  A 
Vinccnnes  Kaiiroad,  31  miles  N.E.  of  Ceiro. 

Bender  Abbas,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Gombrooit. 

Bender-Bushir,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Bushire. 

Ben'dersville,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co.,  Pa.,  about 
28  miles  S.W.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  3  churches,  a  coach- 
factory,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  about  300. 

Bendorf,  bfin'doRf,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Rhine,  and  on  a  railway,  4i  miles  N.  of 
Coblentz.  It  is  in  a  mining  district,  and  has  iron-forges 
and  manufactures  of  woollen.     Pop.  3045. 

Bendramo,  bfin-dri'mo,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the 
Sea  of  Marmora,  S.  of  the  peninsula  of  Cyzicus. 

Bendziu,  b5nd'zeen\  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  gov- 
ernment and  100  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Petrikau.     Pop.  6231. 

Bene,  bi'nd  (anc.  Avgus'ta  Bagienno'rumf),  a  town  of 
Italy,  in  Piedmont,  province  and  18  miles  N.E.  of  Coni.  It 
has  a  college,  a  hospital,  and  a  castle.    Pop.  6131. 

Bencbola,  a  mountain  of  Ireland.     See  Bixabola. 

Ben'edict,  a  post-village  of  AViison  co.,  Kansas,  19 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Yates  Centre.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
graded  school.     Pop.  200. 

Benedict,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co.,  Neb.,  10  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  York.  It  has  3  church  organizations,  a  bank, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  300. 

Ben^edic'ta,  a  post-township  of  Aroostook  co.,  Me., 
40  miles  S.W.  of  Houlton.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  413. 

Bene'la,  a  post-village  of  Calhoun  co.,  Miss.,  on  the 
Yalabusha  River,  35  miles  E.  of  Grenada.     It  has  a  church. 

Beneschau,  bi'n§h-sh5w\  a  town  of  Bohemia,  24 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Prague.  Pop.  2074.  Several  villages  in 
Bohemia  and  in  Prussian  Silesia  have  this  name. 

Beuest,  bi*nSst',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Charente,  10  miles  W.  of  Confolens.     Pop.  1443. 

Benestare,  bd-n5s-ti'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Calabria, 
near  Gerace.     Pop.  3173. 

Benet,  bi^ni',  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Ven- 
d6e,  on  a  railway,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Fontenay.     Pop.  2635. 

Benevente,  bi-ni-v6n't4,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province 
of  Espirito  Santo,  47  miles  S.  of  Victoria,  on  the  Atlantic, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Benevente.  The  harbor  is  much 
'  freouented,  and  ship-building  is  carried  on.     Pop.  3000. 

Benevento,  bSn-i-v5n'to  (anc.  ^enei-en'<«m),  a  city  of 
Italy,  capital  of  a  province,  is  situated  near  the  confluence 
of  the  Galore  and  Sabato,  about  45  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of 
Naples.  It  occupies  the  site  of  the  ancient  town,  and,  except 
Rome,  perhaps  no  other  Italian  city  can  boast  of  so  many 
remains  of  antiquity.  The  Arch  of  Trajan,  now  the  Porta 
Aurea,  is  still  nearly  perfect.  The  chief  modern  buildings 
are  a  cathedral,  town  hall,  diocesan  school  and  library,  hos- 
pitals, and  several  palaces.  It  is  an  archbishop's  see,  and 
has  manufactures  of  leather,  parchment,  and  metallic  goods. 
Under  the  Lombards,  Benevento  was  the  capital  of  a  power- 
ful duchy.     Pop.  20,133. 

Benevento,  a  fertile  province  of  Italy,  in  Campania, 
enclosed  by  Campobasso,  Foggia,  Avellino,  and  Caserta. 
Capital,  Benevento.     Area,  676  square  miles.     Pop.  232,008. 

Ben^evo'la,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Md.,  on 
Beaver  Creek,  9  miles  S.  of  Hagerstown. 

Ben^ezet',  or  Ben^ezette',  a  post-office  and  station 
of  Elk  CO.,  Pa.,  in  Benczette  township,  on  the  Low  Grade 
division  of  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  16  miles  W.  of 
Driftwood.     Pop.  of  township,  902. 

Benezet,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Yardleyville  Branch  of  the  North  Pennsylvania  Railroad 
(Bound  Brook  Route),  10  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia. 

Benfeld,  bSn'fSlt'  (Fr.  pron.  b6N»'f51d'),  a  town  of 
Lower  Alsace,  lOi  miles  N.N.W.  of  Schlettstadt.   Pop,  2603. 

Benfer,  Pa.     See  Paxionville. 

Ben'tield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md., 
about  3  miles  N.  of  Waterbury. 

Ben'fieldside,  a  town  and  railway  junction  of  Dur- 
ham CO.,  England,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  IJurham.  It  hag 
paper-mills  and  iron-works.    Pop.  5700 


Ben  Frank'lin,  a  post-office  of  Murray  co.,  Minn. 

Ben  Franklin,  a  post-village  of  Delta  co.,  Te.x.,  on 
the  North  Fork  of  Sulphur  River,  about  22  miles  S.W.  of 
Paris.     It  has  5  churches. 

Bengal,  ben-gawl'  (anc.  Bengala,  bSn-gi'lS,),  called 
also  Lower  Bengal,  to  distinguish  it  from  the  former 
presidency  of  the  same  name,  a  lieutenant-governorship, 
the  largest  and  most  populous  of  the  twelve  main  divisions 
of  British  India,  consisting  of  the  provinces  of  Bengal, 
Bahar,  Orissa,  and  Chuta-Nagpoor.  The  term  "  presidency 
of  Bengal,"  still  in  popular  use,  includes  also  the  North- 
western Provinces,  Oude,  the  Punjab,  and  Assam,  and  is 
sometimes  made  to  cover  British  Burmah.  Area  of  Lower 
Bengal,  194,417  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  N.  by  Assam, 
Bootan,  and  Nepaul,  E.  by  Burmah,  S.  by  Burmah,  Madras, 
and  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  and  W.  by  the  North-Western  and 
Central  Provinces ;  and  thus  extends  from  the  Himalayas 
to  the  sea.  It  is  traversed  by  the  great  rivers  Ganges, 
Brahmapootra,  and  Mahanuddy,  with  their  many  tribu- 
taries and  oifshoots ;  and  numerous  canals  and  railways 
facilitate  internal  communication.  There  is  every  variety 
of  soil ;  but  the  inarable  mountains  of  the  frontiers,  and  the 
occasional  sand-wastes,  cover  but  a  relatively  small  area, 
and  the  greater  part  of  the  land  is  an  alluvial  plain  of  the 
richest  description ;  although  portions  of  the  Ganges  delta 
are  but  densely-wooded  swampy  jungles.  The  leading  in- 
dustries are  agricultural.  Rice,  wheat,  opium,  indigo,  lac, 
betel,  silk,  jute,  sugar,  cotton,  flax,  oil-seeds,  ginger,  pepper, 
and  turmeric  are  extensively  produced.  Tea  and  Peruvian 
bark  are  latterly  grown  to  some  extent.  The  elephant, 
tiger,  panther,  antelope,  and  some  remarkable  species  of  the 
ox  or  buifalo  tribe  are  found  in  this  country ;  and  there  are 
many  kinds  of  deadly  serpents.  The  river-fisheries  arc  ex- 
tensive. Coal  is  quite  largely  wrought,  and  there  are  mines 
of  iron  and  copper. 

The  people  of  Bengal  are  of  many  races  and  tribes,  but 
the  prominent  peoples  are  of  more  or  less  pure  Aryan  descent, 
and  the  principal  spoken  languages  (Bengalee,  Ilindostanee, 
Uriya,  and  Assamese)  are  classed  as  Indo-European ;  but 
along  the  eastern  and  northern  frontiers  are  hill-tribes  allied 
in  language  to  the  people  of  Indo-China  and  of  Thibet; 
and  in  the  W.  and  S.W.  are  many  aboriginal  and  little-civ- 
ilized peoples  of  Kolarian  and  Dravidian  stock.  Two-thirds 
of  the  people  are  of  the  Hindoo  faith ;  and  of  the  remainder 
the  large  majority  are  Soonnite  Mohammedans.  Christianity 
has  made  more  progress  in  the  wild  aboriginal  tribes  than 
among  the  more  civilized  peoples.  The  local  government  is 
subject  to  the  supervision  of  the  general  government  of  India. 
The  legislative  council  consists  partly  of  natives ;  but  the 
civil  service  is  largely  in  the  hands  of  Englishmen,  who 
give  heavy  bonds  for  the  faithful  discharge  of  their  duties. 
The  people  generally  are  very  poor ;  but  the  country,  with 
an  apparently  light  rate  of  taxation,  affords  a  large  revenue. 
The  army  is  small,  and  consists  of  about  3000  white  and 
9000  native  troops.  Bengal  is  exceedingly  populous ;  and 
some  of  the  worst  famines  and  pestilences  ever  known  have 
had  their  seat  in  these  regions.  The  chief  manufactures, 
until  recently,  have  been  of  domestic  character ;  but  mats, 
rope,  gunnybags,  oil,  <fcc.,  have  been  long  produced  in  large 
amounts,  and,  with  hides,  saltpetre,  rice,  opium,  jute,  lin- 
seed, lac,  and  indigo,  are  leading  articles  of  export.  There 
are  many  populous  towns,  of  which  Calcutta  and  Patna  are 
the  chief.     Total  pop.  in  1891,  70,909,260. 

The  capital,  largest  city,  and  great  commercial  centre  is 
Calcutta,  which  is  also  the  capital  of  the  empire  of  India. 

Bengal  proper,  or  the  province  of  Bengal,  the  eastern 
portion  of  the  above  country,  has  more  than  one-half  of 
the  above  population,  and  more  than  one-third  of  the  whole 
area.  It  is  divided  into  28  administrative  districts.  Ac- 
cording to  the  original  usage,  only  the  country  between 
Boglipoor  and  the  sea  was  called  Bengal.  Area  of  the 
province,  84,198  square  miles.     Pop.  in  1891,  38,114,280. 

Ben'gal,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind. 

Bengal,  a  post-village  of  Choctaw  Nation,  Indian  Ter- 
ritory, 60  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Fort  Smith,  Ark.  It  has 
several  stores,  &<i. 

Bengawan,  a  river  of  Java.    See  Solo. 

Bengazi,  or  Benghasy,b5n-gS,'zee(anc.  Bereni'ce), 
a  town  of  Africa,  Barca,  on  the  Gulf  of  Sidra  (anc.  Syr'tU 
Ma'jor),  420  miles  E.S.E.  of  Tripoli.  Lat.  32°  6'  8"  N.; 
Ion.'  20°  2'  7"  E.  Pop.  about  6000.  It  is  situated  in  a  fer- 
tile plain,  but  is  miserably  built  and  filthy,  and  its  port  is 
shallow.  It  has  a  castle,  and  a  trade  with  Barbary,  Egypt, 
and  Malta  in  wool,  oxen,  ostrich-feathers,  sponges,  sheep, 
butter,  and  corn.  Near  this  city  traces  of  ancient  buildings 
are  met  with  buried  in  the  sand. 

Bengermow,  a  town  of  India.    See  Bangeruow. 


BEN 


620 


BEN 


Ben'gore  Head,  a  promontory  on  the  N.  coast  of 
Inland,  co.  of  Antrim,  E.  of  the  Giant'i  Causeway.  Lat. 
6»»  15'  N. ;  Ion.  6»  30'  W. 

Ben'gower,a  mountJiin  of  the  Binabola  group,  co.  of 
Qalway,  Ireland.     Elevation,  2336  foet. 

Benguela,  b4n-g&'l&,  a  district  of  the  Portuguese  oo- 
lonial  po!i.<e(>sion  of  Angola,  in  West  Africa,  between  lat. 
9°  and  1G°  S.,  and  having  N.  the  district  of  Ambriz,  from 
which  it  is  separated  by  the  river  Coanza,  S.  the  diiitrict 
of  Mossaroedos,  and  W.  the  Atlantic.  Surface  mountainous, 
riding  progressively  inland  by  a  series  of  terraces.  The 
principal  rivers  have  all  a  W.  course.  The  climate  is  very 
unhealthy.  The  thermometer  varies  from  94°  to  105°  Fahr. 
in  the  shade  at  noon.  The  soil  is  well  watered  and  very 
productive  ;  tropical  fruits,  vegetables,  and  cattle  are  abun- 
dant, and  fine  turtles  are  obtained  on  the  sea-coast.  Min- 
eral products  comprise  copper,  silver,  iron,  and  gold.  Fet- 
ishism is  the  prevailing  superstition.  Leasts  of  prey, 
including  the  lion  and  hyena,  are  numerous.  Bonguela, 
Novo  Rodondo,  Ae.,  on  the  coast,  and  a  few  stations  in  the 
interior,  are  ocoupie<l  by  the  Portuguese,  whose  actual  rule 
extends  little  beyond  those  settlements.  The  country  is 
divided  into  two  presidios,  Bcngucla  and  Ciiconda. 

Bengiiela,  New  Benguela,  or  St.  Philip  de 
Beilguela  (Port.  SSo  Felipe  de  Benguela,  sSwN"  f&-lee'p& 
di  bdn-g^'l&,  a  seaport  town,  capital  of  the  nbove,  with  a 
noble  harbor  on  the  Atlantic.  Lat.  12°  33'  y"  S. ;  Ion.  13° 
26'  2"  E.  It  is  situated  in  a  charming  valley.  Pop.  3000, 
vii.,  about  100  Europeans  and  the  rest  ne<;roc3and  mulut- 
toes.  Chief  market  of  slaves  in  earlier  times.  The  build- 
ings are  mostly  of  clay  and  palm  branches,  but  there  are 
some  good  houses.  The  ruins  of  Old  Benguela,  the  original 
capital  of  the  country,  are  situated  on  the  coast,  130  miles 
N.N.E.  of  New  Benguela. 

Ben'hay  a  town  of  Egypt,  in  the  Qalioobyeh  province, 
at  an  important  railway  junction,  29  miles  N.  of  Cairo. 
Pop.  5200. 

Ben'ham,  a  post-hainlet  of  Ripley  co.,  Ind.,  12  miles 
from  Osgood  Station.     It  has  a  church,  a  foundry,  Ac. 

Ben  Hill)  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  Ga.,  about  5 
miles  from  Atlanta.     It  has  a  church  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Beni,  bi-nee',  or  Paro,  pi'ro,  a  river  of  South  Amer- 
ica, in  Bolivia,  formed  by  the  junction  of  the  Chuqueapo 
and  Mapiri,  in  lat.  16°  S.  and  Ion.  69°  W.  It  flows  mostly 
northward,  through  the  department  of  Santa  Cruz  de  la 
Sierra,  and  in  lat.  10°  35'  S.  joins  the  Mamore  to  form  the 
Madeira,  of  which  it  is  the  main  source.  It  is  over  3300 
feet  wide  at  its  mouth,  and  50  feet  in  depth.  The  country 
it  traverses  is  extremely  fertile  and  rich  in  metals.  Afflu- 
ents, the  Coendo,  La  Paz,  Tuche,  Masisi,  &c.  The  towns 
of  San  Miguel,  Mani,  and  Pueblo  de  los  Reyes  are  on  its 
banks,  in  the  upper  half  of  its  course. 

Beni,  or  Veni,  vi-nee',  a  department  of  Bolivia,  de- 
riving tts  name  from  the  above  river,  having  S.  the  depart- 
ments of  La  Paz,  Cochabamba,  and  Santa  Cruz,  N.  and  E. 
Brazil,  and  W.  Peru.  Chief  towns,  Trinidad  and  Loreto. 
Area,  295,417  square  miles.     Pop.  153,973. 

Benicarlo,  bi-n6-kaR'lo,  a  seaport  town  of  Spain,  42 
miles  N.E.  of  Castellon  de  la  Plana,  on  the  Mediterranean. 
It  is  ill  built  and  mean.  It  bos  a  ruined  castle,  a  fishing- 
port,  and  a  trade  in  wines,  which  are  exported.     Pop.  7000. 

Benicia,  be-nish'e-a,  a  post-town  of  Solano  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  north  side  of  the  Strait  of  Carquinez,  30  miles  by  rail 
and  28  miles  by  water  N.E.  of  San  Francisco,  and  56  miles 
S.W.  of  Sacramento.  It  contains  the  depot  and  machine- 
shops  of  the  Pacific  Mail  Steamship  Company,  also  a  United 
States  arsenal  and  barracks,  3  churches,  a  Protestant  Epis- 
copal institution  called  the  Missionary  College  of  St.  Augus- 
tine, a  young  ladies'  seminary,  a  Dominican  monastery, 
convent,  academy,  several  tanneries,  cement- factory,  pack- 
ing-houses, and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  1656. 

Bcnidorm,  bi-ne-doam',  a  town  of  Spain,  25  miles 
N.E.  of  Alicante,  near  the  Mediterranean.  JPop.  3720. 
Near  the  coast  there  is  an  island  of  the  same  name. 

Beniganim,  bi-ne-gi-neem',  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Valencia,  5  miles  S.E.  of  San  Felipe  de  Jativa.    Pop.  3300. 

Beni-Hassan,  bi'nee-his'sdn,  a  village  of  Egypt,  15 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Minieh,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Nile.  In 
its  environs  are  numerous  rock-hewn  tombs. 

Beni-Isgucn,  b4'nee-is*gh6n',  a  town  of  Algeria,  in 
the  Sahara,  on  the  Wady  Mzab.  Lat.  33°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  2° 
E.  It  is  strongly  built,  and  is  surrounded  by  a  rampart. 
Pop.  5500. 

Benin,  ben-een',  a  negro  country  of  Western  Africa,  in 
Upper  Guinea,  on  the  Bight  of  Benin  (Gulf  of  Guinea),  ex- 
tending along  the  coast  on  both  sides  of  the  Benin  River, 
without  definite  limits,  and  without  political  unity.    It  was 


once  a  powerful  state;  but  at  present  the  King  of  Benin 
rules  only  an  unimportant  district  near  the  town  of  Benin. 
The  coast  is  indented  with  estuaries,  some  of  them  of  con- 
siderable breadth,  and  studded  with  islands.  The  country 
is  flat  for  some  distance  inland,  when  it  begins  grnduully  to 
rise,  till  it  attains  a  height  of  between  2000  and  3U0U  feet. 
It  is  very  rich  in  vegetable  productions.  Cotton  is  indigo- 
nous,  and  is  woven  by  the  women.  Human  sacrifices  are 
numerous,  and  cruelty,  in  most  atrocious  forms,  is  charac- 
teristic of  the  people.  An  extensive  traflic  in  slaves  is  car- 
ried on,  and  there  is  a  trade  in  salt,  palm  oil,  and  blue  coral, 

Benin,  a  large  town  of  Western  Africa,  capital  of  the 
above,  lat.  C°  12'  N.,  Ion.  6°  45'  E.,  on  the  right  bank  of 
the  river  of  the  same  name.  The  houses  arc  set  down  with- 
out the  slightest  regard  to  order,  and  often  at  wide  di»tiincei 
from  one  another.  They  are  built  of  clay,  neatly  thatched 
with  reeds  or  loaves,  and  kept  exceedingly  clean.  Benin 
was  at  one  time  the  groat  emporium  of  the  district  for  slaves; 
but  it  is  now  much  decayed.     Pop.  estimated  at  15,000. 

Benin,  Bight  of.    See  Bight  of  Benin. 

Benin  River  (called  by  the  Portuguese  Rio  For- 
moso,  rce'o  fon-mo'so),  in  Western  Africa,  and  assumed  by 
some  geographers  to  be  one  of  the  mouths  of  the  Niger,  iiilU 
into  the  Gulf  of  Guinea  about  lat.  5°  46'  N.,  Ion.  5°  4'  E. 
It  divides  into  two  branches,  both  of  which  have  been  navi- 
gated by  steamers,  the  one  for  a  distance  of  50  miles,  and 
the  other  for  a  distance  of  70  miles.  The  river  is  2  miles 
wide  at  its  mouth,  across  which  is  a  bar  with  12  feet  of 
water  at  spring  tides. 

Benioieed,  b&'ne-o-Iced',  or  Beni-Ulid,  b&'ne-oo- 
leod',  a  town  and  valley  of  Africa,  vilayet  and  100  milei 
S.S.E.  of  Tripoli. 

Benisa,  bd-nee'sS,,  a  town  of  Spain,  39  miles  N.E.  of 
Alicante,  near  the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  4234. 

Benisalem,  bd-ne-sil-lSm',  a  Spanish  town,  island  of 
Majorca,  8  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Inca.     Pop.  3125. 

Benischi,  a  town  of  Silesia.     See  Brnnisch. 

Beni«Sooef,  Beni-Souef,  or  Benee-Snwcyf, 
b5n*e-sw5r,  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Nile, 
62  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Cairo.  It  is  the  entrepot  for  the 
produce  of  the  rich  valley  of  Fayoom.     Pop.  70(J0. 

Ben'janiin,  a  hamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  Mo.,  8  miles  from 
Canton  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Benjamin,  a  post- village  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  1  mile  from 
Perkasie  Station.     It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  <fcc. 

Benjamin,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Knox  co.,  Tex.,      | 
ab..ut  HO  miles  W.N.W.  of  Fort  AVorth.     It  has  4  churches.      I 

Ben'kleman,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Bundy  co., 
Neb.,  on  the  Republican  River,  41  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Cul- 
bertson.  It  has  4  church  organizations,  2  banks,  a  public 
school,  and  3  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  357. 

Benkoelen,  East  Indies.    See  Bencoolen. 

Bcnkovacs,  b6n'ko"votch',  or  Benkovatz,  b6n*ko'- 
v5ts',  a  town  of  Austria-Hungary,  in  Dalmutia,  22  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Zara.     Pop.  of  commune,  11,537.  / 

Benlawers,  bdn-law'^rz,  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  co. 
and  32  miles  W.N.W.  of  Perth,  on  the  W.  side  of  Loch 
Tay,  3945  feet  in  elevation.     It  commands  a  fine  view. 

Benledi,  bfin-ldd'dee,  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Perth,  4  miles  W.N.W.  of  Callander,  2863  feet  in  height. 

Ben-Lomond,  bin-lo'm^nd,  a  mountain  of  Scotland, 
CO.  of  Stirling,  at  the  S.W.  extremity  of  the  Grampian  chain, 
27  miles  W.N.W.  of  Stirling.  Height,  3190  feet.  On  the 
N.  this  mountain  terminates  by  a  precipice  2000  feet  in 
height ;  on  its  AV.  side  is  Loch  Lomond. 

Ben-Lo'mond,  a  mountain  of  Tasmania,  25  miles  E. 
of  Launceston.     Elevation,  5000  feet. 

Ben  Lo'mond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sevier  co..  Ark., 
about  70  miles  W.S.W.  of  Arkadelphia. 

Ben-IIIacdhai,  bdn-mak-doo'e,  or  Ben-MacdhOt 
bSn-mak-doo',  a  mountain  in  Scotland,  co.  of  Aberdeen,  on 
the  border  of  Inverness-shire.     Height,  4305  feet. 

Benmii'ler,  a  post-village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  6 
miles  from  Qoderich.     Pop.  150. 

Ben-More,  bfin-mor',  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  in  the 
Hebrides,  island  of  Mull,  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Torosay. 
Height,  3819  feet. 

Benmore  Head,  Ireland.    See  Fair  Head. 

Bennebeola,  a  mountain  of  Ireland.    See  Binabola.. 

Benneckenstein,  b4n-ndk'?n-stine',  a  town  of  Prus- 
sian Saxony,  in  a  detached  territory  in  the  Harz,  Bruna- 
wick,  22  miles  S.AV.  of  Halberstadt.     Pop.  3355. 

Ben'net,  a  post-hamlet  of  Arapahoe  co.,  Col.,  30  milei 
by  rail  E.  of  Denver. 

Bennet,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co..  Neb.,  17  milei 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  ai 
academy,  and  a  newspaper  office.    Pop.  474. 


Bs^r 


62? 


BEN 


Bennet  Island,  an  island  on  the  N.  side  of  Bonavista 
Bay,  Newfoundland.     Pop.  45. 

lleii'nett,  a  post-village  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa,  Zi  miles  by 
rail  N.VV.  of  Davenport.  It  has  a  cburuh  and  a  bank. 
Pop.  about  :iOO. 

Bennett,  a  post-hamlet  of  Riplej  co.,  Mo.,  15  miles 
N.W.  of  Doniphan. 

Bennett,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anson  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Cheraw  &  Salisbury  Railroad,  7  miles  from  Wadesborough. 

Bennett,  a  station  in  Cape  May  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  West 
Jersey  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Cape  May  City. 

Bennett,  Alleghany  co..  Pa.     See  Millvalb. 

Bennett's,  a  small  post-hamlet  of  Baxter  uo.,  Ark.,  4.3 
miles  N.W.  of  Batesville,  and  about  15  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Mountain  Home. 

Bennet's  Branch,  Pennsylvania,  a  creek  which  drains 
part  of  Elk  co.,  runs  eastward,  and  enters  the  Sinnemahoning 
River  in  Cameron  co. 

Ben'nettsburg,  a  post-village  of  Schuyler  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Hector  township,  5  miles  from  Watkins,  and  about  16 
miles  W.  of  Ithaca.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  150. 

Ben'nett's  Cor'ners,  also  called  Pine  Bush,  a 
post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Oneida  Creek,  and  on 
the  New  York  &  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  by  E. 
of  Oneida,  and  20  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Utica.     It  has  a  church. 

Bennett's  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Medina  co.,  0. 

Bennett's  Creek,  of  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  flows  west- 
ward into  the  Monocacy  River. 

Bennett's  Creek,  of  North  Carolina,  flows  into  the 
Chowan  River  from  the  north  at  the  S.  part  of  Gates  co. 

Bennett's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y., 
about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Bath. 

Bennett's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sampson 
CO.,  N.C.,  14  miles  from  Faison's  Depot.     It  has  a  church. 

Ben'nett's  Land'ing,  a  village  of  Tunica  co.,  Miss., 
23  miles  from  Hernando.  It  has  a  store,  a  hotel,  and  a 
warehouse.  Nearly  3000  bales  of  cotton  are  shipped  here 
annually. 

Bennett's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co., 
Va.,  10  miles  from  Bangs  Station.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Bennett's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J,, 
10  miles  S.  of  Freehold.     It  has  a  grist-  and  a  saw-mill, 

Bennett's  SAvitch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Miami  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Indianapolis,  Peru  &  Chicago  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of 
Kokomo.     It  has  manufactures  of  furniture  and  lumber. 

Ben'nettstown,  a  post-office  of  Christian  co.,  Ky. 

Ben'nettsville,  a  post-office  of  Etowah  co.,  Ala.,  on 
Wills  Creek,  5  miles  from  Attalla. 

Benncttsville,  Los  Angeles  co.,  Cal.     See  Savannah. 

Bennettsville,  a  small  post-village  of  Clarke  co.,  Ind. 
Bennettsvillc  Station  is  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  <t 
Chicago  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  New  Albany. 

Bennettsville,  a  post-village  of  Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  3 
miles  from  Bainbridge,  and  about  26  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bing- 
hamton.     It  has  2  cliurches,  a  grist-mill,  a  tannery,  Ac. 

Bennettsville,  a  thriving  post-town,  the  capit<vl  of 
Marlborough  co.,  S.C,  at  the  junction  of  two  railroads,  57 
miles  S.W.  of  Fayetteville.  It  has  5  churches  (3  white  and 
2  colored),  a  bank,  a  cotton-seed  oil-mill,  graded  schools 
for  white  and  colored,  and  3  newspaper  offices.     Pop,  978. 

Ben-Nevis,  bSn-nev'is,  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  and 
the  loftiest  in  Britain,  co.  of  Inverness,  E.  of  Fort  William. 
Lat.  66°  48'  N. :  Ion.  6°  W.  Elevation,  4368  feet.  On  its 
N.E.  side  it  terminates  by  a  precipice  1500  feet  in  height. 
Extensive  views  arc  obtained  from  its  summit. 

Ben-Ne'vis,  a  mountain  of  Tasmania,  about  25  miles 
K  of  Launceston.     Height,  3910  feet. 

Ben^nezette',  township,  Butler  co.,  Iowa,     Pop.  302. 

Ben'nie's  Cor'ners,  a  post-village  in  Lanark  co., 
Ontario,  4  miles  from  Almonte.  It  contains  a  woollen-fac- 
tory and  mills.     Pop.  100. 

Ben'ning,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  D.C.,  on 
the  Anacostia  River,  and  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad 
(Alexandria  Branch)  and  the  Baltimore  <fc  Potomac  Rail- 
road, 3  miles  N.  of  Alexandria,  Va.,  and  5  miles  E.  of  Wash- 
ington.    It  has  a  race-course. 

Ben'nington,  a  county  forming  the  S.W.  extremity 
of  Vermont,  bordering  on  New  York,  has  an  area  of  about 
700  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Batten  Kill,  Deer- 
field,  and  Iloosao  Rivers.  The  surface  is  partly  mountain- 
ous, presents  picturesque  scenery,  and  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests,  in  which  the  sugar-maple,  beech,  elm,  birch, 
oak,  and  spruce  abound.  The  soil  produces  hay,  oats,  and 
Indian  corn.  Among  its  mineral  resources  are  marble, 
gneiss,  limestone,  and  ochre.  The  prosperity  of  the  county 
b  chiefly  derived  from  manufactures  of  woollen  and  cotton 
goods,  hosiery,  paper,  lumber,  &o.     In  the  N.  part  of  this 


county  Equinox  Mountain  rises  to  the  height  of  387i!  feet 
above  the  sea.  Visitors  can  ride  in  a  carriage  to  its  sum- 
mit, where  a  summer-house  has  been  built.  It  is  a  favor- 
ite summer  resort.  The  county  is  intersected  by  the  Rens- 
selaer &  Saratoga  Railroad  and  the  Harlem  Extension 
Railroad.  Capitals,  Bennington  and  Manchester.  Pop.  in 
1870,  21,325;  in  1880,  21,950;  in  1890,  20,448. 

Bennington,  township,  Marshall  co.,  111.     Pop.  1020. 

Bennington,  a  post-village  of  Switzerland  co.,  Ind., 
9  miles  N.  of  Vevay.     Pop.  100. 

Bennington,  a  post-office  of  Chootaw  Nation,  Indian 
Territory. 

Bennington,  a  township  of  Black  Hawk  co,,  Iowa. 
Pop.  735.     It  contains  Blakeville. 

Bennington,  a  post-town  of  Ottawa  co.,  Kansas,  in 
the  valley  of  the  Solomon  River,  15  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of 
Solomon  City.  It  has  3  church  organiasations,  a  bank,  2 
flouring-mills,  a  creamery,  and  a  high  school.  One  news- 
paper is  published  here.     Pop.  390. 

Bennington,  a  post-village  of  Shiawassee  co.,  Mich., 
in  Bennington  township,  and  on  the  Jackson,  Lansing  & 
Saginaw  Railroad,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Lansing,  and  6  miles 
S.W.  of  Owosso.  It  has  a  lumber-mill  and  2  general  stores. 
Pop.  about  150 ;  of  the  township,  1490. 

Bennington,  township,  Mower  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  433. 

Bennington,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  co.,  Neb.,  IS 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Omaha.  It  has  a  church  (German 
Lutheran),  a  bank,  and  graded  schools.     Pop.  300. 

Bennington,  a  post-township  of  Hillsborough  co., 
N.II.,  about  25  miles  S.W.  of  Concord.  It  has  a  church,  a 
town  hall,  and  manufactures  of  cutlery,  hoes,  paper,  shoes, 
powder,  &o.     Pop.  401. 

Bennington,  or  Bennington  Centre,  a  post-vil- 
lage of  Wyoming  eo.,  N.Y.,  in  Bennington  township,  about 
26  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Buffalo,  and  3i  miles  from  Dariept 
Railroad  Station.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  cheese-factory. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  2486. 

Bennington,  a  township  of  Licking  co.,  0.  Pop.  907. 
It  includes  Appleton. 

Bennington,  a  post- township  and  hamlet  of  Morrow 
CO.,  0.,  about  34  miles  N.N.E.  of  Columbus,  and  5  miles  N.E. 
of  Ashley  Railroad  Station.     Pop.  899. 

Bennington,  Pa.    See  Bennington  Furnace. 

Bennington,  a  post- village,  one  of  the  capitals  of  Ben- 
nington CO.,  Vt.,  is  in  Bennington  township,  on  the  Ben- 
nington and  Rutland  Railroad,  55  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Rut- 
land, and  about  35  miles  N.E.  of  Albany,  N.Y.  It  contains 
5  churches,  a  graded  school,  2  national  banks,  2  iron-foun- 
dries, 7  knitting-mills,  a  woollen-factory,  a  pottery,  and 
manufactures  of  cashmere,  machinery,  lumber,  and  chairs. 
Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  A  monument 
1302  feet  high,  commemorating  the  battle  of  Bennington, 
has  been  erected.  Pop.  3971.  Bennington  township  con- 
tains other  villages,  named  North  Bennington  and  Ben- 
nington Centre.     Total  pop.  6391. 

Bennington  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Bennington 
CO.,  Vt.,  is  about  27  miles  N.E.  of  Troy,  N.Y.,  and  1  iniU 
W.  of  the  village  of  Bennington.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
seminary. 

Bennington  Furnace,  a  post-village  of  Blair  co., 
Pa.,  in  Alleghany  township,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad 
(at  Bennington  Station),  10  miles  S.AV.  of  Altoona.  It  has 
a  church  and  an  iron-furnace. 

Bennisch,  bSn'nish,  or  Benischi,  bi'nish-e,  a  town 
of  Austrian  Silesia,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Troppau.    P.  4256. 

Bennshausen,  b3ns-h6w'zen,  a  village  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Meiningen.     Pop.  1664. 

Bennweier,  benn'^^i-^r  (French,  Bennwihr,  bSnn*- 
veen'),  a  village  of  Alsace,  on  the  Strasburg  A  Basel  Rail- 
way, 3i  miles  S.  of  Colmar.     Pop.  1016. 

Be'noit',  a  post-hamlet  of  Bolivar  co..  Miss.,  15  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Rosedale,  on  the  Riverside  division  of  the 
Louisville,  New  Orleans  <k  Texas  Railroad. 

Beno'na,  a  post-village  of  Oceana  co.,  Mich.,  in  Be- 
nona  township,  and  on  Lake  Michigan,  15  miles  S.W.  of 
Hart,  and  about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Muskegon.  It  has  a 
church,  and  manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber.     Pop.  300. 

Benoob,  or  Benoub,  b£n-oob'  (Om'phis),  a  village 
of  Lower  Egypt,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Mansoorah,  on  the  east- 
ern arm  of  tiie  Nile. 

Benore,  Centre  co..  Pa.    See  Scotia. 

Benowm,  b5n-6wm',  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Soodan,  near 
lat.  15°  5'  N.,  Ion.  9°  W^ 

Bensa'I em,  a  post-township  of  Moore  co.,  N.C.,  28  miles 
from  Cameron  Railroad  Station.    Pop.  of  the  township,  1032. 

Bensalem,  a  post-township  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  about  20 
miles  N.E.  of  Philadelphia,  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  ih« 


BEN 


628 


BEN 


Dcliiwar«  River,  nnd  is  intereeoted  by  the  Ponnsylvanla 
Kjiilnmii.  Pop.  2.ib:i.  It  contains  rlllagoa  named  Anda- 
lutiin,  Ilridj^owutor,  nnd  Eddin^ton. 

Beitsberg,  Mns'MRO,  n  tuwn  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  on  a 
nilway,  tf  inilos  E.  of  Cologne.     Pop.  9308. 

Bensen,  Mn's^n,  a  town  and  railway  junction  of  Bo- 
»eu)ia.  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Leitmeritz.     Pop.  2250. 

Beii'senville,  a  post-borough  of  Du  Page  co.,  III.,  16 
miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Chicago.  In  the  vicinity  are  4 
churches  nnd  n  Lutheran  theological  seminary.     Pop.  HbO. 

Bensheim,  bdns'hime,  an  old  fortified  town  of  Hesse, 
on  a  railway,  14  miles  S.  of  Darmstadt.     Pop.  507S). 

Ben'soiit  a  post-village  ond  railway  junction  of 
Cochise  CO.,  Arizona,  48  miles  S.E.  of  Tucson,  and  20  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Tombstone.     Pop.  about  200. 

Benson,  a  flourishing  post-village  of  Woodford  co.,  III., 
on  the  Chicago,  Pekin  A  Southwestern  Railroad,  6  miles 
S.W.  of  Minonk,  nnd  115  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  3 
churches,  n  newspaper  office,  a  cigar-factory,  Ac. 

Benson,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Franklin  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Louisville,  Cincinnati  <b  Lexington  Railroad,  5  miles 
W.  of  Frankfort. 

Benson,  a  post-village  in  Benson  township,  capital  of 
Swift  CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  Chippewa  River,  and  on  the  St. 
Paul  <t  Pacific  Railroad,  134  miles  W.  by  N.  from  St.  Paul, 
and  83  miles  S.S.E.  of  Breckinridge.  It  is  1037  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea.  It  has  6  churches,  2  banks,  manu- 
factures of  bricks,  flour,  and  barrels,  excellent  educational 
facilities,  and  2  newspiiper  offices.  Here  is  nn  immigrant- 
house  for  the  use  of  settlers.     Pop.  about  1200. 

Benson,  a  post-township  of  Hamilton  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
60  miles  N.W.  of  Albany,  is  drained  by  the  Sacondaga 
River.     Pop.  320. 

Benson,  a  post-villnge  of  Johnston  co.,  N.C.,  15  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Smithfield.     It  has  2  churches. 

Brnson,  a  post-township  of  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  about  18 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Rutland,  is  bounded  on  th«  W.  by  Lake 
Champlain.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  pic- 
ture-frames, lumber,  <fcc.     Slate  abounds  here.     Pop.  1244. 

Benson  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  N.Y. 

Benson  Landing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rutland  co.,  Vt., 
on  Lake  Champlain,  about  22  miles  W.N.W.  of  Rutland. 

Ben's  Itanch,  a  post-office  of  Ellsworth  co.,  Kansas. 

Bent,  a  county  in  the  E.S.E.  part  of  Colorado,  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Arkansas  River,  which,  flowing  from  W.  to 
E.,  divides  it  into  two  nearly  equal  sections.  It  is  also 
drained  by  numerous  affluents  of  that  stream,  among  which 
are  Apishapa  River,  Tiinpas  Creek,  nnd  Purgatory  River. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level.  The  soil  in  some  parts  is 
adapted  to  pasturage.  The  climate  is  dry  and  genial. 
Indian  corn,  oats,  and  wool  are  produced  here.  Capital, 
Las  Animas.  The  Atchison,  Topeka  <t  Santa  F6  Railroad 
follows  the  course  of  the  Arkansas  River  through  the  county. 
Pop.  in  1870,  592;  in  1880,  1654;  in  1890,  1313. 

Bentaia,  b5n-tS,'li,  a  town  of  Senegambia,  about  210 
miles  N.N.E,  of  Sierra  Leone,  on  a  tributary  of  the  Rio 
Grande. 

Bent  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  Ky. 

Bent  Can'yon,  a  post-office  of  Las  Animas  co..  Col. 

Bent  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Appomattox  co.,  Va.,  on 
James  River,  25  miles  below  Lynchburg. 

Bentheim,  bdnt'hime,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover, 
38  miles  W.  of  Osnaburg,  on  a  railway,  and  on  the  Dutch 
frontier,  has  manufactures  of  linen  and  parchment,  with 
stone-quarries  and  sulphur  baths.     Pop.  2202. 

Bentinck,  (irey  co.,  Ontario.     See  Durham. 

Ueiitinck  (bSn'tink)  Island,  a  low  island  in  the  Gulf 
of  Carpentaria,  Australia.     Lat.  17°  S.;  Ion.  139°  40'  E. 

Bentivoglio,ben^te-vul'yo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albemarle 
CO.,  Va.,  at  Lindsay  Station  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  15  miles  E.  of  Charlottesville. 

Bent'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co.,  111.,  5  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Carthage.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bentley,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Oliver  co.,  N.D.,  on 
the  Missouri  River,  about  30  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Bismarck. 

Bentley  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa., 
about  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Elmira,  N.Y. 

Bent'ley's  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baltimore  co., 
Md.,  at  Bentley  Station  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad, 
32  miles  N.  qf  Baltimore.  It  has  a  church,  2  (straw)  paper- 
mills,  and  a  felt-mill. 

Bent'leyville,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Pa., 
in  Somerset  township,  30  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg,  and  9  miles 
S.S.AV.  of  Monongahela  City.    It  has  a  church.    Pop.  277. 

Bcnt'iy,  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  co.,  Miss. 

Bent  Mountain,  a  post-hamlet  of  Roanoke  co.,  Va., 
about  6  miles  from  Alleghany  Springs. 


Benton,  bcn'ton,  a  county  forming  the  N.W.  extremity 
of  Arkansas,  bordering  on  Missouri,  has  nn  area  of  about 
900  square  milex.  It  is  drnine*!  by  White  nnd  Illinois 
Rivers  nnd  other  strenms.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  pork, 
Ac.,  are  the  staple  products.  Among  the  forest  trees  are 
the  hickory,  white  oak,  nnd  yellow  pine.  Capital,  Benton- 
Tille.  Its  li.  portion  is  intersected  oy  the  St.  Louis  &  Sun 
Francisco  Railroad,  "  Frisco  Line."  Pop.  in  1870,  13,831; 
in  1880,  20,328;  in  1890,  27,71(5. 

Benton,  a  county  in  the  W.N.W.  part  of  Indiana,  has 
an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Pine 
and  Sugar  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nenrly 
level;  the  soil  is  fertile.  A  large  portion  of  it  is  prairie. 
Indian  corn,  oats,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  The 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Bloomington  division  of  the 
Wabash  Railroad,  and  the  Cincinnati,  Lafayette  &,  Chicago 
Railroad.  Capital,  Fowler.  Pop.  in  1870,  6615;  in  1880, 
11,108;  in  1890,  11,903. 

Benton,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Iowa,  has 
an  area  of  720  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Cedar 
River.  The  Iowa  River  touches  the  S.W.  extremity  of  the 
county,  which  is  partly  drained  by  Prairie  Creek.  The 
surface  is  undulating  ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  The  prairies  of 
this  county  are  more  extensive  than  the  woodlands.  Wheat, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products. 
Devonian  rooks,  covered  with  a  thick  deposit  of  drift,  un- 
derlie the  soil.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  &  North- 
western Railroad,  and  by  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  A 
Northern  Railroad.  Capital,  Vinton.  Pop.  in  1870,  22,454; 
in  1880,  24,888;  in  1890,  24,178. 

Benton,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Minnesota,  has 
an  area  of  about  400  square  (niles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
W.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Elk 
River,  The  surface  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  forests; 
the  soil  is  mostly  fertile,  and  produces  wheat,  Indian  corn, 
oats,  Ac.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  St.  Paul  A  Pa- 
cific Railroad.  Capital,  Sauk  Rapids.  Pop.  in  1870,  1558; 
in  1880,  3012;  in  1890,  6284. 

Benton,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Mississippi,  border- 
ing on  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of  nearly  400  square  miles. 
It  is  partly  drained  by  Wolf  River,  and  is  intersected  by 
Tippah  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  mostly  cov- 
ered with  forests  of  the  beech,  elm,  hickory,  magnolia,  white 
oak,  tulip-tree,  Ac;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian 
corn  are  the  staple  products.  The  N.W.  portion  of  the 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  while 
the  Kansas  City,  Memphis  A  Birmingham  Railroad  travels 
over  its  S.W.  portion.  Capital,  Ashland.  Pop.  in  1880, 
11.023;  in  1890,  10,585. 

Benton,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Missouri, 
has  an  area  of  about  800  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Osage  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Pomme  de  Terre 
and  Grand  Rivers.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly  ;  the 
soil  is  fertile.  Among  its  mineral  resources  are  lead,  car- 
boniferous limestone,  and  Lower  Silurian  magnesian  lime- 
stones, which  crop  out  in  picturesque  blufis  at  the  Osage 
River.  Some  of  these  are  good  building-stones.  A  large 
portion  of  the  county  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  elm, 
hickory,  white  oak,  black  walnut,  wild  cherry,  Ac.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital, 
Warsaw.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,322;  in  1880,  12,396;  in  1890, 
14,973. 

Benton,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Oregon,  has  an  area 
of  about  1200  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Willamette  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Pacific  Ocean.  It 
is  also  drained  by  the  Alseya  River.  The  surface  is  diversi- 
fied by  the  mountains  and  valleys  of  the  Coast  Range,  which 
extends  through  the  middle  of  the  county.  The  soil  of  the 
valleys  is  adapted  to  pasturage.  Wheat,  oats,  wool,  lumber, 
Ac,  are  the  staple  products.  Its  E.  portion  is  traversed  by 
the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  while  the  Oregon  Pacific  in- 
tersects the  N.  portion  of  the  county  from  E.  to  W.  Cap- 
ital, Corvallis.     Pop.  in  1880,  6403;  in  1890,  8650. 

Benton,  a  county  of  West  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of 
about  400  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Tennessee  River,  navigable  bj-  steamboats,  and  on  the  N.W. 
by  the  Big  Sandy  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level  and 
mostly  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  tobacco,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
is  intersected  by  the  Nashville  A  Northwestern  Railroad. 
Capital,  Camden.  Pop.  in  1870,  8234;  in  1880,  9780; 
in  1890,  11,230. 

Benton,  a  post-village  of  Lowndes  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Alabama  River,  and  on  the  Western  Railroad,  31  miles  W. 
of  Montgomery.     It  has  5  churches.     Pop.  about  300. 

Benton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Saline  co..  Ark., 


BEN 


,639 


BEN 


near  the  Saline  River,  and  on  the  Arkansas  division  of  the 
,  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  23  miles 
j  S.W.  of  Little  Rock.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  church,  an 
j   academy,  and  a  pottery.    Pop.  647. 

Benton,  a  post-village  of  Mono  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  E. 
slope  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  about  225  miles  E.  of  San  Fran- 
cisco. It  has  2  quartz-mills  and  a  silver-mine.  Mining  is 
the  chief  business  of  the  place.     Pop.  about  400. 

Bentou,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  Fla.,  near  the 
Suwanee  River,  20  miles  N.  of  Lake  City.  It  has  a  public 
hall,  a  cotton-gin,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Benton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Franklin  oo.,  111.,  is 
on  a  prairie  about  90  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  It  is  18 
miles  E.  of  Duquoin.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  high 
school,  and  2  flouring-mills.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are 
published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  939. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Lake  co.,  111.,  the  northeastern- 
most  township  in  the  state.  Pop.  640.  Benton  Station,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  is  40  miles  N.  of  Chicago. 

Benton,  a  post-village  of  Elkhart  co.,  Ind.,  in  Benton 
township,  and  on  Elkhart  River,  8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Goshen. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  flouring-mill.  Pop.  203 ;  of  the 
township,  1188. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  867. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  679. 

Benton,  a  station  in  Benton  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  railroad 
from  Vinton  to  Traer,  30  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Cedar 
Bapids. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  502. 

Benton,atownshipofDes  Moines  CO.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1303. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Fremont  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  809, 
exclusive  of  Eastport  and  Percival. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1199. 

Beuton,  a  township  of  Lucas  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  703. 

Benton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ringgold  co.,  Iowa,  about  25 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Des  Moines. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Ringgold  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  431. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Taylor  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  659,  ex- 
clusive of  Bedford. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  892. 

Benton,  a  post-township  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas,  about 
15  miles  W.  by  S.  of  El  Dorado.     Pop.  447. 

Benton,  or  Benton  Station,  a  hamlet  of  Kenton 
CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  Kentucky  Central  Railroad,  18  miles  S.  of 
Covington.     It  has  2  tobacco-houses. 

Beuton,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Marshall  co.,  Ky.,  on 
Clark's  River,  and  on  the  Paducah,  Tennessee  <fc  Alabama 
Kailroad,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Paducah.  It  has  an  academy,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  3  churches. 

Benton,  a  j)ost-village  of  Bossier  parish.  La.,  14  miles 
N.  of  Shreveport.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  200. 

Benton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kennebec  co..  Me.,  on  the 
Sebasticook  River,  and  on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  23 
miles)  N.N.E.  of  Augusta.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1180. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Berrien  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  2524. 
It  includes  Benton  Harbor. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Cheboygan  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  1488. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Eaton  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1442. 

Benton,  a  post-village  of  Yazoo  co.,  Miss.,  about  40 
miles  N.  of  Jackson,  and  10  miles  E.  of  Yazoo  City.  It  has 
a  church  and  several  stores. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Adair  CO.,  Mo.  Pop.  3369.  It 
contains  Kirksville,  the  county  seat. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Atchison  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  680. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Cedar  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1130. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Christian  co..  Mo.     Pop.  527. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Crawford  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1184. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Dallas  co..  Mo.  Pop.  2055.  It 
includes  the  village  of  Buffalo. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Daviess  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1199. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Douglas  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  379. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Holt  co..  Mo.     Pop.  2226. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Howell  co..  Mo.     Pop.  809. 

Benton,  or  Benton  City,  a  station  of  Johnson  co., 
Mo.,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  51  miles 
\V.  of  Sedalia. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Knox  co..  Mo.    Pop.  1602. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Linn  co..  Mo.     Pop.  696. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Newton  co..  Mo.     Pop.  968. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Osa^e  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  2513. 

Ben  Ion,  a  township  of  Polk  co.,  Mo.,  Pop.  1650. 

Benton,  a  station  in  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri 
Pacific  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  by  S.  of  St.  Louis. 

Benton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Scott  co.,  Mo.,  4 
miles  from  Morley  Railroad  Station,  and  about  10  miles 
S.W.  of  Commerce.  It  has  a  church  and  2  newspaper  ofiBces. 
Pop.  about  200. 


Benton,  a  township  of  Wayne  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1291. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Webster  co..  Mo.  Pop.  768. 
It  contains  Henderson. 

Benton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saunders  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
south  bank  of  the  Platte  River,  about  45  miles  N.  of  Lin- 
coln, and  3  miles  from  North  Bend  Station,  which  is  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad.     It  has  a  church. 

Benton,  a  post-township  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  about 
24  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Plymouth,  has  a  mountainous  surface. 
Here  are  several  lumber-mills.     Pop.  375. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Yates  co.,  N.Y.,  is  on  the  west 
shore  of  Seneca  Lake,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Northern 
Central  Railroad.  Benton  Station  is  4i  miles  N.  of  Penn 
Yan.  The  township  contains  part  of  Penn  Yan,  and  the 
villages  of  Bellona  and  Benton  Centre.     Pop.  2410. 

Benton,  a  village  of  Green  township.  Brown  co.,  0.,  i 
mile  from  Mount  Grab,  has  a  church  and  a  mineral  spring. 

Benton,  a  village  of  Crawford  co.,  0.,  in  Texas  town- 
ship, 12  miles  N.W.  of  Bucyrus.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  union  school.     Here  is  Poplar  Post-Office. 

Benton,  avillage  of  Hancock  CO.,  in  Blanchard  township, 
0.,  8  miles  from  Findlay,  and  about  50  miles  S.  of  Toledo. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Benton  Ridge.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  about  450. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Hocking  co.,  0.  Pop.  1448. 
It  contains  Bloomingville. 

Benton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Holmes  co.,  0.,  24  miles  S.W. 
of  Massillon.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  99. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  0.  Pop.  987.  It 
contains  Brownsville. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Ottawa  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1152. 
It  contains  Graytown. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Paulding  co.,  0.    Pop.  404. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  0.     Pop.  1119. 

Benton,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co.,  Pa.,  in  Benton 
township,  and  on  Fishing  Creek,  15  miles  from  Bloomsburg, 
and  about  30  miles  W.  of  Wilkesbarre.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  graded  school,  shirt-factory,  and  manufactures  of  flour 
and  lumber.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1252. 

Benton,  a  township  of  Lackawanna  co..  Pa.     P.  1055. 

Benton,  a  station  in  Henry  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Louis- 
ville &  Memphis  Railroad,  47  miles  S.AV.  of  Clarksville. 

Benton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Polk  co.,  Tenn.,  is 
about  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Chattanooga,  and  3  miles  S.  of 
the  Hiawassee  River.  It  has  a  court-house,  an  academy, 
and  3  churches.     Pop.  250. 

Benton,  a  post-village  of  Atascosa  co.,  Tex.,  25  miles 
from  San  Antonio.  It  has  3  churches,  and  a  school  called 
the  Benton  Institute. 

Benton,  a  post-village  of  Lafayette  co.,  Wis.,  is  in 
Benton  township,  on  Fevre  River,  14  miles  N.  of  Galena, 
and  about  17  miles  E.N.E.  of  Dubuque.  It  has  3  churches, 
and  a  Franciscan  convent.  Lead  is  found  here.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1681.  Benton  is  on  the  Galena  &  Southern 
Wisconsin  Railroad. 

Benton,  or  Rankin's  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Carle- 
ton  CO.,  New  Brunswick,  on  Eel  River,  19  miles  by  rail  S. 
of  Woodstock.     Pop.  200. 

Benton  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Yates  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Benton  township,  1  mile  from  Benton  Railroad  Station, 
which  is  4i  miles  N.  of  Penn  Yan.     It  has  2  churches. 

Benton  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Audrain  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern  Railroad,  6  or  7 
miles  S.E.  of  Mexico.     It  has  2  churches  in  the  vicinity. 

Benton  Creek,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Dent  co.. 
Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Salem  &  Little  Rock  Railroad,  11 
miles  N.  of  Salem. 

Benton  Falls,  a  post- village  of  Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  on 
the  Sebasticook  River,  2  miles  from  Benton  Station  (on  the 
Maine  Central  Railroad),  and  about  22  miles  N.  of  Augusta. 
It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  1100. 

Benton  Harbor,  a  city  of  Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Benton  township,  on  Lake  Michigan,  at  the  confluence  of 
the  St.  Joseph  and  Paw  Paw  Rivers,  60  miles  by  water 
E.N.E.  of  Chicago,  16  miles  N.W.  of  I3erricn  Springs,  and 
86  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Grand  Rapids.  Two  weekly  and 
1  daily  newspaper  are  published  here.  It  is  in  a  great  fruit 
region.  Large  quantities  of  fruits  and  other  produce  are 
shipped  here  in  steamboats.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  a 
graded  school,  and  manufaotures  of  flour,  lumber,  furniture, 
fruit-baskets,  pickles,  cooperage,  and  wood-working  ma- 
chinery. It  has  also  a  normal  and  collegiate  institute,  and 
is  a  railroad  terminus.     Pop.  in  1890,  3692. 

Benton  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co.,  0.  See 
Benton. 

Benton's  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Livingston  parish,  La. 

Benton's  Ferry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  W.  Va., 


htiti 


630 


BER 


on  the  Baltimore  it  Ohio  Railroad,  17  mtlw  N.W,  of  Qraf- 
ton,  nnd  on  Tyijiirt's  Valley  lUvcr.    It  has  a  church. 

]lcnUuiiM|)ort%  a  post-villago  of  Van  Buren  cc,  Iowa, 
on  the  Dc8  Moines  River,  opposite  Veinon,  and  on  the 
Keokuk  k  Dos  Moines  Railroad,  39  miles  N.W.  of  Keokuk, 
and  7  miles  B.  of  Keosauqua.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank, 
a  gra<lcd  school,  a  wooUcn-fnctory,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.  Hero 
arc  quiirrics  of  lino  limestone  and  bods  of  coal.     Pop.  338. 

Benton  Station,  in  Benton  oo.,  Tcnn.,  about  1  mile 
\V.  of  the  Tennessee  River,  and  on  the  Louisville  A  Mem- 
phis Railroad,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Paris. 

Bcn'tonville,  a  city  of  Arkansas,  the  capital  of  Benton 
CO.,  '27  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Fayctteville.     It  has  8  churches, 

2  blinks,  2  newspaper  ofiices,  and  manufactures  of  tobacco, 
eijtars,  carrlnffps,  flour,  furniture,  Ac.     Pop.  1677. 

Bentonville,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Posey  township,  on  the  railroad  between  Cambridge  A 
Rushville,  about  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  steam  snw-mill.     Pop.  150. 

Bcntonville,a  post-village  of  .Johnson  co.,  N.C.,  about 
20  miles  W.  of  Goldsoorough,  was  the  scene  of  a  battle  be- 
tween the  army  of  General  Sherman  and  that  of  General 
Johnston  in  March,  1865.     It  has  3  churches. 

BentonvillCf  a  post-village  of  Adams  co.,  0.,  In  Sprigg 
township,  about  55  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cincinnati,  5  miles  from 
the  Ohio  River,  and  12  miles  from  Maysville,  Ky.    It  has 

3  or  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  chair-factory,  and  a 
flour-mill.     Pop.  310. 

Bentonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Va.,  10 
miles  from  Front  Royal.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bcntottc,  bfin-tott',  a  small  town  of  Ceylon,  on  Ceylon 
River,  12  miles  S.  of  Caltura. 

Bent's  Road  Crossing,  a  station  in  Bent  co..  Col., 
on  the  Arkansas  Valley  Railroad,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Kit 
Carson. 

Bcnuwe,  Benn6,  b5n-oo-e',  Binon6,  or  Binn6, 
bin-oo-i',  formerly  called  Chad'da,  or  Tsad'da,  ariver 
of  Africa,  the  principal  eastern  tributary  of  the  river  Niger, 
which  it  joins  about  230  miles  from  the  sea.  It  has  been 
navigated  by  steamer  to  a  point  350  miles  above  the  conflu- 
ence; but  the  people  on  its  banks  are  mostly  war':ke  sav- 
ages, and  the  stream  has  not  become  a  channel  of  commerce. 

Benvanue,  bSnVa-noo',  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co., 
Tex.,  on  Red  River,  110  miles  W.  of  Denison. 

Bcnvenue,  bfin*v§-noo',  a  post-hamlet  of  Dauphin  co., 
Pa.,  in  Reed  township,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Juniata,  1  mile  from  the  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road, and  about  15  miles  above  Harrisburg. 

Beu'villc,  a  post-office  of  Jennings  co..  Ind. 

Ben  Wade,  a  township  of  Pope  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  409. 

Ben  VVheel'er,  a  post-ofiice  of  Van  Zandt  co.,  Tex., 
11  miles  S.  of  Canton.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Ben'wood,  a  small  mining  village  of  Clay  co.,  Ind.,  2 
miles  from  Knightsville.  It  has  a  church.  Block  coal  is 
mined  here. 

Benwood,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  \V.  Va.,  on 
the  Ohio  River,  4  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Wheeling,  and  oppo- 
site Bellaire,  0.  It  has  3  churches,  public  schools,  steel- 
Works,  a  rolling-mill,  and  a  blast-furnace.     Pop.  2934. 

Ben-Wyvis,  bin-wi'vis,  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  co. 
of  Ross,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Dingwall.     Height,  2720  feet. 

Benzerta,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Bizeuta. 

Ben'zie,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Michignn,  has 
an  area  of  about  350  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
W.  and  N.W.  by  Lake  Michigan,  and  contains  several  lakes. 
The  surface  is  extensively  covered  with  forests,  in  which 
the  sugar-maple  abounds.  The  soil  produces  wheat,  Indian 
corn,  potatoes,  Ac.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Frankfort  A 
Southeastern  Railroad.  Capital,  Benzonia.  Pop.  in  1870, 
2184;  in  1880,  3433;  in  1890,  5237. 

Ben'zing^er,  a  township  of  Elk  co..  Pa.  Pop.  2733. 
Benzinger  Stjition  is  on  the  Philadelphia  A  Erie  Railroad, 
13  miles  E.  of  Ridgway.     The  township  has  coal-mines. 

Benzo'nia,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Benzie  co.,  Mich., 
about  6  miles  E.  of  Lake  Michigan,  and  30  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Traverse  City.  It  is  on  the  Frankfort  A  Southeastern 
Railroad.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  several 
lumber-mills,  and  a  flour-mill.  Here  is  the  Grand  Traverse 
College  (Congregationalist).     Pop.  of  township,  506. 

Beodra,  b4-o'dr4,  a  town  of  Hungary,  in  the  Banat,  47 
miles  W.  of  Temesvar.     Pop.  4025. 

Beowawe,  be-o-wah'we,  a  post-office  and  station  of 
Eureka,  co.,  Nev.,  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  51  miles 
6.W.  of  Elko. 

Bequia,  bi-kee'i,  Bacoya,  bi-ko'yi,  or  Boqnio, 
bo-kee'o,  the  northernmost  of  the  Grenadines,  British  West 
India  Islands,  lat.  13°  N.,  Ion.  61"  18'  W.,  8  miles  S.  of  St. 


Vincent.  Length,  from  N.E.  to  8.W.,  7  miles;  breadth,  IJ 
miles.     On  Its  W.  side  is  Admiralty  Bay. 

Berar,  b&.-mr',  a  province  or  commissioncrship  of  British 
India,  in  the  Deccan,  comprising  the  districts  of  Akola, 
Woon,  Amrawutti,  Bassim,  Buoldanah,  and  Ellichpoor. 
The  first  three  ore  collectively  called  East  Berar,  and  the 
others  form  West  Berar.  Area,  17,500  square  miles.  Its  8. 
portion  (Balaghaut)  is  a  hill-region,  but  the  rest  is  a  fertile 
plain  with  some  barren  tracts.  The  country  produces  much 
cotton  and  millet.  Chief  towns,  Ellichpoor  and  Amrawutti. 
Pop.  2,231,565.  The  old  kingdom  of  Berar  was  much  mom 
extensive. 

Berat,  bflr-it',  Belgrad,  bil-grHd',  Biclngornd, 
be-i-IJl-go-r&d',  Arnaoot-  (or  Arnnut«)  Ueli^rad, 
an-nil-oot'-bdl-e-grJld',  Arnaout-Beiigradi,an-nft-oot' 
bdl-e-grl'dee,  or  Velagrada,  vfil-i-gri'd4,  a  town  of 
European  Turkey,  in  Albania,  on  the  Ergent,  30  miles  N.E. 
of  Avlona.  Pop.  10,000,  of  whom  two-thirds  are  Greeks 
and  one-third  Turks.  It  consists  of  an  upper  town  or 
citadel,  containing  several  Greek  churches  and  about  250 
houses,  and  a  lower  town,  with  numerous  mosques  and  a 
good  bazaar.     Berat  is  a  Greek  bishop's  see. 

Beraun,  b4.'r6wn  (L.  Berau'na,  or  lieran'num),  a  town 
of  Bohemia,  on  the  Beraun  River,  20  miles  by  rail  S.W. 
of  Prague.  Pop.  4010,  employed  in  potteries,  iron-forgea, 
coal-mines,  and  stone-quarries. 

Ber'ber,  Dar  Ber'ber,  El  Mckheir,  El  Mooka 
heiref,  or  El  Mesherif,  a  town  of  Nubia,  on  the  Nile, 
near  the  confluence  of  the  Atbara.  Lat.  17°  58'  58"  N.;  Ion. 
32°  6'  E.  It  stretches  for  several  miles  along  the  E.  bank 
of  the  river,  and  is  mostly  built  of  mud  huts,  but  its  fine 
trees  and  gardens  give  it  a  pleasant  aspect.  Pop.  8000. 
The  names  Berber  and  Dar  Berber  are  often  applied  to  the 
whole  district. 

Ber'bera  (anc.  Ma'lao),  a  seaport  of  East  Africa,  on  a 
bay  of  the  Gulf  of  Aden,  160  miles  E.S.E.  of  Zeyla.  Lat. 
10°  26'  15"  N. ;  Ion.  45°  7'  57"  E.  An  annual  fair  is  held 
here  from  October  till  April,  at  which  from  10,000  to  20,000 
persons  assemble,  and  to  which  coffee,  ostrich-feathers,  gums, 
hides,  gold-dust,  cattle,  ivory,  and  slaves  are  sent  from  the 
interior  of  Africa,  and  iron,  Indian  piece-goods,  cotton, 
rice,  Ac,  from  Arabia  and  other  parts.  The  port  is  claimed 
and  occupied  by  Egypt,  and  has  a  light-house.  The  per- 
manent population  is  very  small,  but  the  recent  construction 
of  water-works  now  renders  the  place  habitable.  Most  of 
the  foreign  merchants  are  from  India. 

Ber'bers,  a  name  given  by  the  Arabs  to  the  original 
inhabitants  of  North  Africa,  who,  however,  do  not  recognize 
it,  calling  themselves,  in  their  own  languages,  Amazeergh  or 
Tamzcerght.  In  Algeria  they  are  called  Kabylcs.  They 
are  generally  hostile  to  the  Arabs,  and  are  much  superior  to 
them  in  industry.  They  are  Mohammedans,  but  are  seldom 
so  strict  as  the  Arabs  in  the  Moslem  observances. 

Berbice,  ber-beece',  a  county  of  British  Guiana,  bounded 
E.  by  the  Corenlyn  River,  which  separates  it  from  Dutch 
Guiana,  W.  by  Abari  Creek,  and  N.  by  the  sea.  It  has 
95  miles  of  coast-lino,  and  was  once  a  distinct  colony.  Ex- 
ports, sugar,  timber,  coffee,  and  rum.  Pop.  in  1871,  35,557, 
including  New  Amsterdam,  the  chief  town. 

Berbice  River,  in  the  above  district,  rises  in  about 
lat.  3°  30'  N.,  Ion.  58°  W.,  having  at  first  a  N.  and  after- 
wards a  N.E.  course,  between  the  Essequibo  and  the  Coren- 
tyn  Rivers,  and  joins  the  Atlantic  by  an  estuary  5  miles  in 
width,  10  miles  N.  of  New  Amsterdam,  in  lat.  6°  21'  N., 
Ion.  57°  12'  W. 

Berceto,  bSn-chi'to,  a  picturesque  village  of  Italy,  23 
miles  S.W.  of  Parma.     Pop.,  with  surroundings,  6283. 

Bcrchem,  bin'Rim,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flan- 
ders, on  the  Scheldt,  19  miles  S.W.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  2310. 

Bcrchem,  a  village  of  Belgium,  2  miles  S.  of  Ant- 
werp, on  the  railway  to  Brussels.     Pop.  660. 

Bcrchem,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North  Bra- 
bant, 13  miles  N.E.  of  Bois-le-Duc.     Pop.  1999. 

Berching,  bfin'King,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  Ludwig's 
Canal,  30  miles  AV.N.AV.  of  Ratisbon.     Pop.  1467. 

Berchtesgaden,  b6uK't?s-gilM?n,  a  market-town  of 
Bavaria,  12  miles  S.  of  Salzburg.     Pop.  1763. 

Berck-sur-Mer,  bftak-stin-maiu,  a  village  of  France, 
in  Pas-de-Calais,  on  the  English  Channel,  8  miles  S.W.  of 
Montreuil.     Pop.  3293. 

Bercy,  bja'see',  a  village  of  Fnance,  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Seine,  forming  a  S.E.  suburb  of  Paris.     Pop.  14, -195. 

BerMan',  a  post-village  of  Greene  co..  111.,  on  the  Chi- 
cago A  Alton  Railroad,  37  miles  N.  of  Alton  ;  has  a  church. 

Berdiansk,  bfiR-de-9.nsk',  a  thriving  maritime  town  of 
Russia,  in  Taurida,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  Sea  of  Azof,  1 50 
miles  N.E.  of  SimferopoL    It  was  founded  in  1827.    Its 


BER 


631 


BER 


prosperity  is  ascribed  to  the  excellence  of  its  port,  and  to  the 
coal-mines  and  salt-lakes  in  its  vicinity.  The  roadstead  is 
the  best  in  the  Sea  of  Azof.  A  light-house  stands  at  its 
entrance.     Pop.  12,425. 

Berdichev,  Berditchev,  or  Berditschew,  bfiR- 
de-chSv',  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  government  of  Kiev, 
on  a  railway,  24  miles  S.  of  Zhitomeer  (Jitomir).  It  is 
important  for  its  commerce  and  its  fairs.  It  has  also  large 
manufactures.     Pop.,  mostly  Jews,  52,786. 

Bere'a,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Ky.,  about  40 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Lexington.  Here  is  an  institution  entitled 
Berea  College,  founded  in  1868,  also  a  non-sectarian  church, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  about  600. 

Berea,  a  post-village  of  Granville  co.,  N.C.,  on  Tar 
River,  10  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Oxford.  It  has  a  church,  a 
tannery,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  coach  factory. 

Berea,  a  post-village  of  Cuyahoga  co.,  0.,  on  Rocky 
River,  13  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Cleveland.  Berea  is  the 
seat  of  the  Baldwin  University  (Methodist  Episcopal),  which 
was  founded  in  1856,  and  of  the  German  Wallace  College 
(Methodist  Episcopal),  founded  in  1862.  Berea  has  7 
churches,  a  national  bank,  2  weekly  newspapers,  and  an 
Extensive  quarry  of  grindstones.  Pop.  in  1880,  1682;  in 
1890,  253:i. 

Berea,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ritchie  co.,  W.  Va.,  about  15 
miles  S.  of  Ilarrisville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Bereczk,  bSr^fitsk',  a  town  of  Transylvania,  9  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Kezdi-Viisdrhely.     Pop.  4469. 

Beree,  or  Berie,  ber'ee',  a  town  of  India,  in  the 
Rohtuk  district,  Oude,  45  miles  W.  of  Delhi.     Pop.  9723. 

Beregh,  bd'rfig',  or  Varmegye,vor^mM'y§h,acounty 
6f  Hungary,  west  of  the  Theiss,  Chief  towns,  Bereghszasz 
and  Munkacs.     Pop.  159,223. 

Beregh,  a  town  of  Hungary,  in  the  above  county,  14 
miles  S.  of  Munkacs.     Pop.  1650. 

Bereghszasz,  biV5g*s3,ss',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Beregh,  27  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Huszth.  It  has  Roman  Cath- 
olic, Greek,  and  Protestant  churches.     Pop.  6252. 

Bereguardo,  bd-rd-gwau'do,  a  village  of  Italy,  9 
miles  N.W.  of  Pavia.     Pop.  1249. 

Bere  Island,  Ireland.    See  Bear  Island. 

Berek  Marsa,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  BARETOoy. 

Beren'da,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Fresno  co.,  Cal., 
■  the  Visalia  division  of  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  93 

iles  S.S.E.  of  Stockton. 

Bercng,  a  valley  of  Cashmere.    See  Bcreno. 

Berenice,  the  ancient  name  of  Bengazi. 

Ber^eni'ce,  a  ruined  city  of  Egypt,  anciently  the  em- 
porium of  its  commerce  with  India,  on  a  bay  of  the  Red 
Sea,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Ras-Bernass.  It  has  the  remains  of 
a  temple  of  Scrapis. 

Berent,  or  Behrend,  bi'rSnt,  a  town  of  Prussia,  gov- 
ernment and  32  miles  S.W.  of  Dantzic.     Pop.  4135. 

Beresf'ord,  ber'^s-f^rd,  a  post-village  of  Volusia  co.* 
Fla.,  on  St.  John's  River,  52  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of 
Palatka.     It  has  2  churches,  3  stores,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Beresford,  a  post-town  of  Union  co.,  S.  D.,  18  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Hawarden,  Iowa.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks, 
a  creamery,  a  newspaper  office,  a  public  school,  and  numer- 
ous stores.     Pop.  404. 

Beresina,  or  Berezina,  bfin-?-zee'n8,,  a  river  of 
Russia,  government  of  Minsk,  flows  generally  S.,  and  joins 
the  Dnieper  in  lat.  52°  28'  N.  Length,  200  miles.  It  is 
navigable,  and  is  connected  with  the  Diina  by  a  canal, 
which  thus  establishes  a  communication  between  the  Baltic 
and  Black  Seas. 

Beresina,  a  village  of  Russia,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Beresina,  48  miles  E.  of  Minsk, 

Berestie  and  Berestotf,  old  names  of  Brest-Litotsk. 

Berethalom,  b4ViHa,'lom',  Berthalm,  b^R't&lm,  or 
Birthelm,  beer'tSlm,  a  town  of  Hungary,  in  Transyl- 
vania, 30  miles  N.E.  of  Hermannstadt.     Pop.  2225. 

Berettyo,  b4'r5t'yo\  a  river  of  East  Hungary,  rises  in 
the  Beregh  hills,  and  falls  into  the  Kijros  near  Szarvas. 
Length,  170  miles. 

Berettyo-Ujfalu,  bi'rSt'yo^oo^ee-fiMoo',  a  market- 
town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Bihar,  30  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of 
Grosswardein.     Pop.  4800. 

Berezina,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Beresina. 

Berezna,  bi-rSz'ni,  a  town  of  Russia,  on  the  Desna, 
government  and  20  miles  E.  of  Chernigov.     Pop.  9678. 

Berezov,  or  Berezotf,  bSr-ez-ofir,  written  also  Be- 
rezoAV,  a  town  of  Siberia,  government  and  400  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Tobolsk,  on  the  Sosva.     Pop.  1561. 

Berezov,  a  gold-mining  village  of  Asiatic  Russia,  gov- 
ernment of  Perm,  N.E.  of  Yekaterinboorg. 

Berg  (Duchy  of),  on  the  Rhine,  between  Cologne  and 


Coblentz,  formed  by  Napoleon  in  1806,  and  ceded  to  Pruraia 
in  1816,  is  now  comprised  in  Prussian  Westphalia. 

Berg,  bfiuG,  numerous  villages  in  Germany,  the  princi- 
pal of  which  is  in  WUrtemberg,  IJ  miles  N.E.  of  Stuttgart. 
Pop.  1876. 

Berg,  a  post-office  of  Bufiialo  co..  Neb. 

Berga,  bfiu'gi,  a  town  of  Spain,  51  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Barcelona.  It  has  a  garrison,  a  hospital,  and  several  con- 
vents.    Pop.  5600. 

Bergama,  bdR-g&'m&  (anc.  Per'gamut),  a  ruined  city 
of  Asia  Minor,  on  the  Bakeer-Chai,  42  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Smyrna.  It  has  extensive  remains  of  a  palace,  an  amphi- 
theatre, triumphal  arches,  and  bridges,  intermixed  with 
huts,  burial-grounds,  mosques,  and  khans.     Pop.  2500. 

Bergamo,  bfiR'g8,-mo  (anc.  Ber'^omum),  a  fortified  city 
of  Italy,  capital  of  the  province,  at  a  railway  junction,  39 
miles  N.E.  of  Milan.  It  is  one  of  the  most  picturesque 
cities  in  North  Italy,  and  has  numerous  churches  and  chapels, 
a  cathedral,  monasteries,  nunneries,  a  town  hall,  many 
charitable  institutions,  a  college,  athenaeum,  academy  of 
the  fine  arts,  diocesan  and  other  schools,  a  public  library,  a 
military  asylum,  and  several  theatres,  with  extensive  man- 
ufactures of  silk,  woollen,  cotton,  and  linen  fabrics,  silk 
twist,  and  iron  goods.  It  has  also  large  cattle-markets,  and 
a  considerable  trade  in  grindstones,  quarried  in  the  vicinity. 
It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  37,363. 

Bergamo,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  enclosed 
by  Sondrio,  Tyrol,  Brescia,  Cremona,  Milan,  and  Como. 
Area,  1027  square  miles.  It  is  mountainous  and  wooded 
in  the  N.,  level  and  fertile  in  the  S.  Wine,  linen,  and  silk 
are  leading  products.     Capital,  Bergamo.     Pop.  368,152. 

Bergantino,  bSn-gftn-tee'no,  a  town  of  North  Italy, 
25  miles  W.  of  Rovigo.     Pop.  3268. 

Bergedorf,  b8R'gh§h-doRf^  {i.e.,  "hill  village"),  a 
town  of  Germany,  belonging  to  Hamburg,  on  a  railway,  10 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Hamburg.     Pop.  3600. 

Bergeijk,  bSR'ohike,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  North  Brabant,  25  miles  S.  of  Bois-le-Duc.      Pop.  1758. 

Bergen,  bfiR'gh^n,  a  fortified  city  and  seaport  of  Nor- 
way, capital  of  a  province,  on  a  peninsula,  at  the  end  of  a 
deep  bay,  on  the  Atlantic,  190  miles  W.N.W.  of  Christiania. 
Lat.  60°  24'  N.;  Ion.  5°  18'  E.  It  is  well  built  and  pic- 
turesque, and  has  a  cathedral,  several  other  churches,  hos- 
pitals, charitable  institutions,  a  theatre,  national  museum, 
diocesan  college,  naval  academy  and  other  schools,  and  6 
public  libraries.  Bergen  is  surrounded  by  elevated  moun- 
tains on  the  land  side,  which  renders  the  climate  humid.  It 
is  the  seat  of  a  court  of  secondary  jurisdiction,  and  of  one 
of  the  three  public  treasuries  of  Norway.  It  has  a  branch 
of  the  Norwegian  bank,  and  is  the  station  of  a  naval  squad- 
ron. Its  harbor,  deep  and  sheltered,  but  rocky,  is  defended 
by  several  forts.  It  has  manufactures  of  earthenware,  to- 
bacco, and  cordage ;  distilling  and  ship-building  are  carried 
on.  The  fishery  is,  however,  the  principal  employment. 
Bergen  has  a  large  trade  in  fish,  roes,  fish  oil,  blubber,  skins, 
horns,  moss,  lobsters,  timber,  iron,  and  feathers.  The  foreign 
trade  is  mostly  with  the  countries  of  Northern  Europe. 
Principal  imports,  corn,  brandy  and  wines,  cotton  and 
woollen  manufactures,  colonial  produce,  and  hemp.  Bergen 
was  founded  in  the  eleventh  century,  and  was  at  an  early 
period  a  town  of  the  Hanseatic  League.  The  city  consti- 
tutes an  amt,  or  civil  province,  and  is  the  seat  of  a  Lutheran 
bishop.  It  sends  four  representatives  to  the  storthing, 
or  senate  of  Norway.  Its  vicinity  is  exceedingly  j)ictu- 
resque,  having  mountains  on  three  sides,  and  the  fiord,  with 
its  islands,  in  front.  Many  villas  are  scattered  along  the 
heights,  commanding  fine  views.     Pop.  in  1891,  53,686. 

Bergen,  one  of  the  six  sii/'ts  or  dioceses  of  Norway. 
Area,  14,812  square  miles.     Pop.  about  300,000. 

Bergen,  besto'en  (Wendish,  Gorn),  a  town  of  Prussia, 
near  the  centre  of  the  island  of  Riigen,  of  which  it  is  the 
capital,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Stralsund.  It  has  manufactures 
of  woollen  cloth  and  brandy.     Pop.  3616. 

Bergen,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  34  miles 
S.W.  of  Liincburg.     It  has  linen-manufactures.     Pop.  979. 

Bergen,  bfiR'H?n,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  province 
of  Limburg,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Meuse,  30  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Bois-le-Duc.     Pop.  4478. 

Bergen,  the  Flemish  for  Mons,  a  town  of  Belgium. 

Bergen,  b?r'ghen,  a  county  of  New  Jersey,  bordering 
on  New  York,  has  an  area  of  about  300  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Hudson  River,  and  is  partly 
drained  by  the  Hackensack  and  Ramapo  Rivers.  The  sur- 
face is  mostly  hilly  or  mountainous.  The  bank  of  the  Hud- 
son in  this  county  is  a  vertical  or  steep  rocky  wall,  called 
the  Palisades,  about  480  feet  high,  composed  of  an  igneous 
rock  called  trap.     The  soil  in  some  parts  is  fertile,     Indian 


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oorn,  potatoes,  h%j,  butter,  Ae„  are  the  staple  products. 
The  oountj  is  traversed  by  several  rnilroada  which  gener- 
ally have  their  terminal  at  Jersey  City.  Capital,  Ilaokcn- 
■aok.  Pup.  in  1S70,  30,122;  in  1880,  36,786;  in  1890, 
47^25. 

Bergeil«  a  village  of  Manitobn,  on  the  Canadian  Paoifio 
Railway,  7  miles  W.  of  Winnipeg. 

Uergen,  a  post-hamlct  of  Jackson  oo.,  Minn.,  about  8 
miles  t^.B.  of  the  line  of  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis 
A  Omaha  Railway.  Near  it  are  2  churches  and  a  cheese- 
factory. 

Ilergen«  a  township  of  McLeod  oo.,  Minn.,  about  60 
miles  W.  of  St.  Paul.  It  is  traversed  by  the  South  Fork  of 
Crow  River.     Pop.  878. 

Dergeii)  a  post-village  of  Hudson  co.,  N.J.,  now  a  part 
of  Jersey  City,  about  2  miles  W,  of  Jersey  City  Post-Offioe. 
It  was  annexed  to  Jersey  City  in  1871. 

Bergen,  a  post-village  of  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Bergen 
township,  and  on  the  New  York  Central  and  the  West  Shore 
Railroads,  IS  miles  W.S.W.  of  Rochester.  It  has  5  churches 
and  a  money-order  post-office.  Pop.  about  750;  of  town- 
ship in  1S90,  2002. 

Bergen,  a  township  of  Marathon  oo.,  Wis.     Pop.  159. 

B  e  rgen  ,  a  post-township  of  Vernon  co.,  AVis.,  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  the  Mississippi  River.     Pop.  936. 

Bergen  Fields,  N.J.    See  Schraalenburg. 

Bergen  Junction,  a  station  on  the  Delaware,  Lack- 
awanna &  Western  and  Erie  Railroads,  3  miles  W.  of  IIo- 
boken,  N.J. 

Berg'en-op-Zoom,  or  more  correctly  Berg-op- 
Zoom,  bdRfl'-op-zome^,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  prov- 
ince of  North  Brabant,  on  the  Zoom,  near  its  junction  with 
the  East  Scheldt,  22  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Breda.  Lat. 
61°  29'  7"  N.;  Ion.  4°  17'  5"  E.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  2 
arsenals,  a  town  house,  a  Latin  school,  a  school  of  architec- 
ture, manufactures  of  earthenware,  and  a  considerable  trade 
in  anchovies.     Pop.  9231. 

Bergen  (b^r'ghfn)  Point,  a  post-village  of  Hudson 
CO.,  N.J.,  now  a  part  of  Bayonne,  on  Newark  Bay,  and  on 
the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  8  miles  S.W.  of  New 
York  City,  and  3  miles  E.  of  Elizabeth.  It  has  many  fine 
residences  and  several  large  hotels.     See  Bayonne. 

Berger,  b§r'j§r,  a  station  in  Cook  co..  111.,  on  the  Co- 
lumbus &  Indiana  Central  Railroad,  23  miles  S.  of  Chicago. 

Berger,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Mis- 
souri River,  and  on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  75  miles 
W.  of  St.  Louis.     It  has  2  or  3  churches  and  several  stores. 

Berger,  a  station  in  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh  & 
Susquehanna  Railroad,  21  miles  S.S.E.  of  Wilkesbarre. 

Bergerac,  bdu^zh^h-rik',  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Dordogne,  and  on  the  Dordogne  River,  30  miles 
6.S.W.  of  P^rigueux.  It  has  a  communal  college  and  a 
public  library,  and  manufactures  of  paper,  leather,  iron-  and 
copper-wares,  serges,  and  hosiery,  and  exports  white  wines, 
liqueurs,  and  provisions  to  Bordeaux.     Pop.  8679. 

Berg'erville,  a  post-village  in  Quebec  co.,  Canada,  3 
miles  from  Quebec. 

Berggie$ishiibel,  bdng'gces-biibel,  a  manufacturing 
town  in  the  kingdom  of  Saxony,  7  miles  S.  of  Pirna.  P.  1600. 

Bergheim,  bdKG'hime  (Fr.  pron.  bSii'ghfim'),  a  town 
of  Alsiice,  84  miles  N.  of  Colmar.     Pop.  3072. 

Bergheim,  bdRc'hime,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  on 
a  railway,  14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cologne.     Pop.  1236. 

Bergheim,  a  village  of  Germany,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Wal- 
deck,  with  a  castle  of  the  Princes  of  Waldeck.     Pop.  239. 

Berg'hoitz,  a  post-village  of  Ningara  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Wheattiehl  township,  15  miles  N.  of  BuH'alo,  and  2  miles  S. 
of  the  Central  Railroad.     It  has  a  church  and  3  stores. 

Berg'holz,  a  post-town  of  Jefi'erson  co.,  0.,  36  miles  by 
rail  S.  by  E.  of  Alliance,  and  18  miles  N.W.  of  Steubenville. 
It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  &o.     Pop.  about  500. 

Bergisch-Gladbacb,  bdng'ish-glad'bAK,  or  Mark- 
GIadbach,mauk-gI5.d'biK,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  10 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Cologne.  It  has  large  and  varied 
manufactures.     Pop.  6195. 

Bergomara,  the  ancient  name  of  Bbrgamo. 

Bergoo,  or  Bergou,  bdr-goo',  an  extensive  territory 
in  the  interiorof  Africa,  generally  called  Waday  (which  see). 

Berg-op-Zoom.    See  Bgkgen-op-Zoom. 

Bergovatz,  Berkovalz,  bdRK'o-v&ts,  or  Bergot- 
scha,  bdR-got'sh4,  a  town  of  Bulgaria,  50  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Widdin.     Pop.  6000. 

Bergreichenstein,  b4RG-riK'§n-stine\  or  Ka8Z> 
Persky-Hory,  koss-pensh'kee'-hoR'ee',  a  town  of  Bo- 
hemia, 42  miles  W.N.W.  of  Budweis.     Pop.  2200. 

Bergstadt,  bfino'statt,  a  town  of  Moravia,  19  miles  N. 
of  Olmutz.    Pop.  1560. 


Bergucs,  bdng,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Nord, 
on  the  Coinc,  5  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Dunkorque.  It  hoi 
a  communal  college,  a  hos])ital,  and  a  public  library,  dititiU 
lerics,  salt-  and  sugar-refineries,  manufuotories  of  soap,  to- 
baeoo,  and  earthenware,  and  commerce  in  cattle,  chccjo, 
and  lace.     Pop.  5738. 

Bcrgum,  bdu'uiim  or  bin'ciim,  a  village  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, in  Fricsland,  on  the  Bcrgum  Lake,  8  miles  E.  ol 
Lccuwarden.     Pop.  2670. 

Bergiin,  bdK'gUn,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Grisons,  on  the  N.  slope  of  the  Albula  Mountain,  and  on 
the  route  from  Chur  to  the  Engadino.  Elevation,  4544  feet. 
Pop.  418.  Below  the  village  is  the  remarkable  valley  of  the 
Bergiinorstcin. 

Bergusia,  the  ancient  name  of  Bai.Aguer. 

Bergusium,  the  ancient  name  of  Bourgoi.n. 

Bergzabern,  b^RG'tsi'bdrn,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Bava 
ria,  on  a  railway,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Landau.     Pop.  2283. 

Berhampoor,  b^r'am-poor',  or  Barhanipiir,  bur^- 
am-poor',  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the  Moorshcdabad  dis- 
trict, Bengal,  on  the  river  Bhagirathi,  170  miles  from  the 
sea,  and  5  miles  S.  of  Moorshedubad.  It  has  extensive  bar- 
racks and  other  public  buildings,  and  a  government  college 
and  schools.     Pop.  27,110. 

Berhampoor,  a  town  of  the  Ganjam  district,  Madras, 
British  India,  23  miles  W.  of  Ganjam.  It  is  an  importiint 
military  establishment,  and  has  active  manufactures  of  silks, 
cottons,  sugar,  and  confections;  but  the  native  quarter  is 
ill  built.     Pop.  20,000.    See  also  Boorhampoor. 

Beringcn,  b&'ring-in,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  3  miles  W.  of  Schafi'hausen.     Pop.  1435. 

Bcr'ing's,  a  station  on  the  International  &  Great 
Northern  Railroad,  39  miles  N.  of  Houston,  Tex. 

Berislav,  or  Berisiaw,  bi-re-sliv',  a  town  of  South- 
ern Russia,  government  and  25  miles  E.  of  Kherson,  on  the 
Dnieper.     Pop,  6495. 

Berizina,  a  village  of  Algeria.    See  Brizina. 

Berja,  bdr'ai,  a  town  of  Spain,  22  miles  W.  of  Alme- 
ria,  on  the  Sierra  de  Gador.     Pop.  1074. 

Berka,  b^R'ki,  a  village  of  Germany,  duchy  of  Saxe- 
Weimar,  on  the  Ilm,  6  miles  S.  of  Weimar.     Pop.  1648. 

Berka,  a  village  of  Germany,  duchy  of  Saxe-AVeimar, 
on  the  AVerra,  11  miles  AV.S.AV.  of  Eisenach.     Pop.  1139. 

Berkeley,  b^rk'lee,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  and 
15  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Gloucester,  on  an  eminence  in  the  vale 
of  Berkeley,  near  the  Severn,  and  on  the  Gloucester  &  Bristol 
Railway.  Berkeley  Castle,  on  an  eminence  S.E.  of  the 
town,  is  a  large  irregular  pile,  regarded  as  one  of  the  finest 
feudal  structures  in  the  kingdom.  Its  vale  is  noted  for  rich 
pasturage  and  "double  Gloucester"  cheese.     Pop.  1161. 

Berkeley,  b^rk'lee,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  AA'cst 
Virginia,  has  an  area  of  about  250  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.E.  by  the  Potomac  River,  and  partly  drained  by 
Opequan  Creek.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  mountains  or 
high  ridges.  This  county  comprises  a  portion  of  the  Gi-cat 
Valley  of  A'irginia.  The  soil  is  mostly  based  on  limestone, 
and  is  very  fertile.  AVheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  butter 
are  the  staple  products.  Iron  ore  is  found  in  this  county. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  and 
also  by  the  Cumberland  A'^alley  Railroad,  which  leads  from 
Harrisburg,  Pa.,  to  AVinchester,  A'a.  Capital,  Martinsburg. 
Pop.  in  1870,  14,900;  in  1880,  17,380;  in  1890,  18,702. 

Berkeley,  a  post-village  of  Alameda  co.,  Cal.,  near 
the  Bay  of  San  Francisco,  7  or  8  miles  N.E.  of  San  Fnin- 
cisco,  and  5  miles  N.  of  Oakland.  It  is  the  terminus  of  the 
Berkeley  Branch  of  the  Northern  Railway.  Berkeley  com 
mands  a  beautiful  view  of  the  bay  and  the  hills  around 
it.  It  contains  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  state 
institution  for  the  deaf,  dumb,  and  blind.  It  is  the  seat  of 
the  University  of  California,  which  was  founded  in  1855 
and  which  is  under  the  control  of  the  state.  The  number  of 
students  is  about  300.  The  university  comprises  a  college 
of  agriculture,  and  departments  of  chemistry,  engineering, 
mining,  and  mechanics. 

Berkeley,  a  station  on  the  Martinsburg  <t  Potomac 
Railroad,  4i  miles  N.  of  Martinsburg,  AAT.Va. 

Berkeley,  a  post-village  in  Grey  co.,  Ontario,  97i  miles 
by  rail  N.AV.  of  Toronto.     Pop.  150. 

Berkeley  Sound,  in  East  Falkland  Island,  near  its 
N.E.  extremity.     Lat.  51°  30'  S. ;  Ion.  57°  66'  AV. 

Berkeley  Sound,  British  Columbia.     See  Nitinat. 

Berkeley  Springs,  or  Bath,  a  post-village  and  sum- 
mer  resort,  capital  of  Morgan  co.,  W.  Va.,  is  about  60  miles 
E.  of  Cumberland,  Md.,  and  6  miles  S.  of  Hancock  Station 
of  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  whence  a  branch  extends  to 
Berkeley  Springs.  Here  are  medicinal  springs,  which  are 
frequented  by  invalids  and  have  a  temperature  of  74°  Fahr. 


BER 


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BER 


The  name  of  the  post-office  is  Berkeley  Springs.  It  has 
6  chui-ches,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  1529. 

Ber'key,  a  post-office  of  Lucas  co.,  0. 

Berk'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Ala.,  Id  miles 
S.E.  of  iluntsville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Berkley,  a  post-township  of  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  about  4 
miles  S.  of  Taunton,  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Taunton 
.Aiver.  It  has  2  churches.  The  noted  Dightun  Rock  is  in 
this  township.     Pop.  in  1890,  894. 

Berkley,  a  hamlet  of  Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  in  Greenwich 
township,  on  the  Swedesborough  Branch  of  the  West  Jersey 
Railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Woodbury.  It  has  a  church,  a 
saw-mill,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Berkley,  a  station  in  Berks  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Berks  & 
Lehigh  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Reading. 

Berkley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co..  Pa.,  in  Summit 
township,  3  miles  from  Meyersdale.  It  has  a  church,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  69. 

Berkley,  a  village  in  Cumberland  township,  Providence 
CO.,  R.I.,  on  the  Providence  <fc  Worcester  Railroad,  adjacent 
to  Lonsdale,  is  the  seat  of  active  manufactures,  and  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  544. 

Berkley,  a  flourishing  post-town  of  Norfolk  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Elizabeth  River,  opposite  Norfolk,  and  on  the  Norfolk 
Soiithein  Railroad.  It  has  1 1  churches  (6  white,  6  colored), 
public  schools  for  white  and  colored,  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
cotton-knittiiig-mill,  and  large  lumber-mills.     Pop.  ,3899. 

Berks,  or  Berk'shire,  berk  shir,  formerly  written  and 
still  often  pronounced  Bark'shire,  an  inland  county  of 
England,  having  on  the  N.  the  counties  of  O.xford  and 
Bucks,  on  the  E.  Surrey,  on  the  S.  Hants,  and  on  the 
A\r.  Wilts  and  Gloucester.  Area,  703  square  miles.  The 
surface  is  beautifully  varied,  and  generally  well  wooded. 
The  Thames  forms  all  its  N.  boundary  ;  the  other  principal 
rivers  are  its  affluents  the  Kennet  and  Loddon.  A  tract  of 
downs  extends  through  its  centre ;  its  S.E.  and  E.  parts  are 
occupied  by  AVindsor  Forest  and  Park.  The  soil  is  fertile; 
subsoil,  chalk,  gravel,  and  clay.  Agriculture  is  the  leading 
pursuit.  Many  parts  of  the  county,  especially  in  the  vales 
of  the  Kennet  and  the  "  White-horse,"  arc  noted  for  fertility. 
Property  is  greatly  subdivided.  Few  farms  consist  of  more 
than  500  acres.  The  manufactures  are  unimportant :  those 
of  woollens,  for  which  the  county  was  once  famous,  have  en- 
tirely disappeared.  Chief  town,  Reading.  Numerous  canals 
and  railways  traverse  the  county.  It  returns  8  members  to 
the  House  of  Commons,  3  of  whom  sit  for  the  county.  Pop. 
in  1S71,  196,475;  in  1881,  149,473;  in  1891,  238,446. 

Berks,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Pennsylvania,  has 
an  area  of  about  900  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Schuylkill  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Maiden,  Tulpe- 
hocken,  and  other  creeks.  The  Kittatinny  or  Blue  Moun- 
tain extends  along  the  N.W.  border  of  this  county,  the  sur- 
face of  which  is  pleasantly  diversified.  A  large  part  of  it  is 
a  fertile  limestone  valley  between  the  Kittatinny  and  the 
South  Mountiiin.  Silurian  limestone  and  slate  are  found 
here.  The  staple  products  of  the  soil  are  wheat,  Indian 
sorn,  oats,  live-stock,  butter,  and  hay.  Rich  mines  of  iron 
are  worked  in  this  county,  which  has  extensive  manufac- 
tures of  forged  and  rolled  iron,  flour,  hats  and  caps,  leather, 
Ac.  Among  the  indigenous  trees  are  the  hickory,  chestnut, 
and  oak.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading 
Railroad  and  several  of  its  branches,  and  by  the  Wilming- 
ton <fe  Northern  Railroad,  which,  leading  from  Wilmington, 
Del.,  terminates  at  the  city  of  Reading,  the  capital  of  the 
county.  Pop.  in  1870, 106,701;  in  1880,  122,597;  in  1890. 
137,.327. 

Berkshire,  b^rk'shjr,  a  county  forming  the  W.  ex- 
tremity of  Massachusetts,  extending"  across  the  breadth  of 
the  State,  is  drained  by  the  Deerfield,  Farmington,  Housa- 
tonic,  Hoosac,  and  Westfield  Rivers,  which  .ifiTord  abundant 
water-power.  The  surfVice  is  partly  mountainous  and  partly 
billy.  Saddle  Mountain,  in  the  N.  part,  with  an  altitude 
of  3505  feet,  is  the  highest  point  in  the  state.  This  county 
abounds  in  picturesque  scenery.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile, 
and  adapted  to  pasturage  and  dairies.  Forests  of  the  beech, 
elm,  hicJ<ory,  oak,  sugar-maple,  &c.,  cover  part  of  the  sur- 
face. Butter,  cheese,  hay,  oats,  potatoes,  Ac,  are  the  staple 
products  of  the  soil.  Fine  marble,  limestone,  and  iron  are 
abundant  in  this  county,  which  has  important  manufactures 
of  woollen  and  cotton  goods,  paper,  iron,  shoes,  leather,  <fcc. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  Boston  <fc  Albany  Railroad  and  its 
branches,  the  Housatonic  Railroad,  and  the  Pittsfield  & 
North  Adams  Railroad.  The  Hoosac  Tunnel,  5  miles  long, 
is  in  this  county.  Are.i,  959  square  miles.  Capital,  Pitts- 
field.  Pop.  in  1875,  68,270;  in  1880,  69,032;  in  1890, 
81,108.  >       '        y  y 

.    Berkshire,  a  village  in  Newtown  township,  Fairfield 
41 


CO.,  Conn.,  2i  miles  from  Newtown  Station,  has  a  church, 
a  comb-factory,  and  a  button-factory. 

Berkshire,  a  post-village  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Lanesborough  township,  on  the  Pittsfield  &  North  Adams 
Railroad,  6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pittsfield.  It  has  a  chapel  and 
a  manufactory  of  window-glass. 

Berkshire,  a  post-village  of  Tioga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Berk- 
shire township,  on  Owego  Creek,  and  on  the  Southern  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Owego.  It  has  2  churches, 
2  saw-mills,  an  axe-factory,  a  tannery,  <fcc.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1304. 

Berkshire,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  0.,  in  Berk- 
shire township,  20  miles  N.  of  E.  from  Columbus.  It  has  2 
churches.  The  township  contains  the  village  of  Sunbury, 
and  is  intersected  by  the  Cleveland,  Mount  Vernon  k  Colum- 
bus Railroad.     It  has  5  churches.     Pop.  of  township,  1336. 

Berkshire,  a  post-township  of  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  about 
20  miles  E.N.E.  of  St.  Albans,  is  drained  by  the  Missisquoi 
River.  It  contains  a  village  named  East  Berkshire,  which  is 
on  a  branch  of  the  Vermont  Central  Railroad,  and  a  hamlet 
named  West  Berkshire.     It  has  5  churches.     Pop.  1609. 

Berkshire  Valley,  a  hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  4 
miles  N.W.  o^.  Dover. 

Berlaer,  b5R'14r,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of 
Antwerp,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Mechlin.     Pop.  3700. 

Berlaimont,  bfiRMi^m^N"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord, 
on  the  Sambre,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Avesncs.     Pop.  2655. 

Ber'lamont,  a  post-village  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  South  Haven  division  of  the  Michigan  Central  Rail- 
road, 25  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Kalamazoo.  It  has  a  flour-mill 
and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  125. 

Berlanga,  b^R-lin'gd.,  a  town  of  Spain,  22  miles  S.W. 
of  Soria.     Pop.  1810. 

Bcrlanga,  a  town  of  Spain,  65  miles  S.E.  of  Badajos. 
Pop.  4500. 

Berlat,  Berlad,  b5nMa,t',  Birlat,  Byrlat,  beCrMAt', 
or  Barladu,  banMi^doo',  a  town  of  Rouraania  (Moldavia), 
145  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Bucharest,  h.as  a  lyceum,  nor- 
m.al  and  other  schools,  and  a  great  corn  trade.     Pop.  26,568. 

Berleburg,  bfiu'leh-booRG*,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  West- 
phalia, 28  miles  S.S.E.  of  Arnsberg.  It  has  manufactures 
of  woollen  cloths,  and  near  it  are  iron-forges.     Pop.  1858. 

Berlengas,  b5R-15n'gis  (Fr.  Berlluf/ues,  biFiMix"'),  a 
group  of  small  rocky  islands  off  the  W.  coast  of  Portugal, 
province  of  Estremadura,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Peniche.  Tho 
principal  island,  Berlenga,  is  defended  by  a  fortress. 

Berlichingen,  b5R'liK-ing-?n,  a  village  of  Wiirtem- 
berg,  on  the  Jaxt,  7i  miles  W.N.W.  of  Kiinzelsau,  the  natal 
place  of  the  family  from  which  sprang  the  robber-knight 
Gfitz  von  Berlichingen  "with  the  iron  hand."     Pop.  1199. 

Berlikum,  bSR'le-ktim,  a  village  of  tho  Netherlands, 
in  North  Brabant,  5  miles  E.  of  Bois-Ie-Duc.     Pop.  2526. 

Berlikum,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  province  of 
West  Friesland,  has  a  large  annual  fair.     Pop.  1592. 

Berlin,  ber'lin  (Ger.  pron.  bdR-lecn';  L.  BeroWnnm  or 
HerU'num),  a  city,  capital  of  Prussia,  and  of  the  empire  of 
Germany,  156  miles  E.S.E.  of  Hamburg,  100  miles  N.  of 
Dresden,  and  about  700  miles  N.E.  of  Paris.  Lat.  52°  45' 
16"  N.,  Ion.  13°  23'  53"  E. ;  elevation  above  the  sea,  115 
feet;  mean  temperature  of  the  year,  48°. 2;  summer,  64°.5; 
winter,  31°. 4  Fahrenheit.  Berlin  is  by  far  the  larges^t 
town  in  Germany,  and  for  the  beauty  and  size  of  its  build- 
ings, the  regularity  of  its  streets,  the  importance  of  its 
institutions  of  science  and  art,  and  its  activity,  industry, 
and  trade,  is  one  of  the  finest  cities  in  Europe.  It  is  built 
on  a  sandy  plain  on  both  banks  of  the  navigable  Spree.  The 
city  was  formerly  walled,  and  entered  by  gates,  one  of  which, 
the  Brandenburg  gate  on  its  W.,  is  in  the  style  of  the  Par- 
thenon, surmounted  by  an  image  of  victory,  in  a  car  drawn 
by  4  horses,  taken  to  Paris  by  Napoleon  I.,  and  brought 
back  after  his  defeat  by  the  Prussians.  Of  the  many 
bridges  over  the  Spree  and  its  branches,  tho  principal  are 
the  long  bridge,  with  an  equestrian  statue  of  the  great 
elector  Frederick  William  ;  the  Schlossbriicke,  with  groups 
in  marble;  Belle  Alliance  Briioke,  and  Alsen  Briicke,  both 
with  excellent  stone  sculptures.  The  city  generally  is  reg- 
ular and  handsome;  the  houses  are  of  no  exaggerated  ele- 
vation. The  most  celebrated  street  is  that  called  "  Unter- 
den-Linden,"  a  broad  and  imposing  street,  planted  with  4 
rows  of  lime-trees,  ornamented  by  an  equestrian  statue  of 
Frederick  the  Great,  and  terminated  by  the  Brandenburg 
gate  at  the  one  end  and  the  royal  palace  at  the  other.  The 
other  streets  most  worthy  of  notice  are  Friedrich  street,  Pots- 
damer  street.  Kaiser  Wilhelm  street,  and  Leipziger  street. 
The  most  beautiful  squares  are  Opern  Platz,  Konigs  Plat*, 
Belle  Alliance  Platz,  and  Lustgarten.  Prominent  public 
buildings :  the  imperial  castle,  the  Hall  of  Glory,  the  Reich- 


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■tMga  GabHudo,  the  university,  museami,  exchange,  opera- 
hou«e,  the  Schauipielhaus  (royal  theatre),  the  National 
Oallery,  and  the  building  of  the  UenenUvtiib.  Berlin  hni 
numerous  and  excellent  monuments  and  works  of  art,  and 
its  public  conveynncM  are  under  the  best  uianagoment. 
The  "Stadtbabn''  (elevated  railroad),  going  through  the 
town  from  N.  to  8.,  built  on  thousands  of  massive  briuk 
arches,  is  one  of  the  finest  accommodations  for  travelling. 
Berlin  is  the  great  centre  of  intellectual  development  in 
Northern  Germany.  The  university,  founded  in  1809, 
comprising  faculties  of  jurisprudence,  medicine,  theology, 
and  philosophy,  has  about  4UU0  students.  There  are  sev- 
eral gymnasia,  Protestant  theological  seminaries,  a  military 
■ebool,  schools  of  artillery,  military  engineering,  archi- 
tteture,  sculpture,  painting,  music,  and  about  140  mu- 
nicipal public  schools.  It  has  extensive  public  libraries, 
among  which  the  royal  library,  founded  in  1650,  has  900,000 
printed  volumes  and  20,000  MSS.  Among  its  valuable  col- 
lections are  royal  museums  of  painting,  sculpture,  antiaui- 
ties,  coins,  and  medals,  8  public  museums,  an  astronomical 
and  magnetic  observatory,  and  the  zoological  garden,  one 
of  the  richest  and  most  complete  in  Europe.  Its  celebrated 
academic  institutions  comprise  the  academy  of  sciences, 
academy  of  fine  arts,  academy  for  the  encouragement  of 
industry,  and  the  academy  of  music;  a  geographical  society, 
founded  in  1828,  and  a  society  of  natural  history.  Among 
its  charitable  institutions  are  the  Invaliden-llaus,  for  300 
soldiers  and  12  officers,  and  an  orphan  hospital.  Berlin 
is  the  first  city  in  Germany  for  the  variety  and  importance 
•f  its  manufactured  products.  The  different  articles  of  in- 
dustry are  cloths,  linens,  carpets,  silks,  ribbons,  and  printed 
cottons,  iron-wares,  especially  the  beautiful  cast-iron  arti- 
cles called  "  Berlin  jewelry,"  paper,  porcelain,  mathemati- 
cal and  optical  instruments,  chemical  and  dye-stuffs,  lamps, 
works  of  art  in  bronzes,  and  musical  instruments.  Among 
its  great  industrial  establishments  are  the  royal  iron-foun- 
dry and  royal  porcelain  manufactory.  The  productions  of 
the  press  in  typography,  cartography,  and  lithography  are 
numerous  and  excellent.  The  royal  bank,  established  1772, 
is  since  1871  the  Imperial  German  Reichsbank.  All  the 
great  railroads  in  the  kingdom  meet  in  the  main  station  of 
the  Stadtbahn. 

Two  centuries  ago  Berlin  was  a  place  of  little  importance. 
It  was  confined  to  the  immediate  bank  of  the  Spree  and  the 
island  which  divides  its  channel,  and  consisted  of  Kcilin 
and  old  Berlin,  which  have  gradually  verged  into  each  other 
and  now  form  its  different  quarters.  The  first  important 
improvement  was  made  by  the  great  elector  Frederick  Wil- 
liam, who  planted  the  Unter-den-Linden.  Frederick  the 
Great  made  it  worthy  of  his  extended  dominions.  In  1871 
Berlin  became  the  capital  of  the  German  empire;  its  bloom- 
ing since  that  time  is  marvellous.  Pop.  in  1740,  90,000; 
in  1840,  331,895;  in  1875,  966,858;  in  1880,  1,122,360;  in 
1885,  1,315,412;  in  1890,  1,574,585. 

Ber'lin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  IS  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Selma. 

Berlin  (Pines  Station),  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  co., 
Ark.,  89  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Little  Rock.     Pop.  100. 

Berlin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Colusa  co.,  Cal.,  41  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Davisville. 

Berlin,  a  post-township  of  Hartford  co.,  Conn.,  at  the 
junction  of  2  railroads,  1 1  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Hartford. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  savings-bank,  manufactures  of  iron 
goods,  hardware,  tools,  <tc.  Pop.  2600.  It  contains  a  vil- 
lage named  Kensington. 

Berlin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lowndes  co.,  Ga.,  7  miles 
(direct)  N.  of  Valdosta.     It  has  a  store. 

Berlin,  a  township  of  Bureau  co.,  III.  Pop.  1126.  It 
contains  Maiden. 

Berlin,  a  post-village  of  Sangamon  co..  III.,  2  miles  N. 
of  Berlin  Station  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  and  16  miles  W. 
by  S.  from  Springfield.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school, 
a  steam  flouring-mill,  and  a  plough-factory.  Pop.  in  1890, 
260.     Berlin  Station  is  at  New  Berlin. 

Berlin,  a  hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.,  about  38  miles 
JH,  of  Indianapolis. 

Berlin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa,  22  miles  by 
rail  N.E.  of  Marshalltown. 

Berlin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bourbon  co.,  Kansas,  15  miles 
N.W.  of  Fort  Soott,  and  4  miles  S.W.  of  Devon. 

Berlin,  a  hamlet  of  Riley  co.,  Kansas,  in  Grant  town- 
ship, 11  miles  from  Ogden  Railroad  Station,  and  about  20 
miles  N.  of  Junction  City.     It  has  a  cheese-factory. 

Berlin,  a  post-village  of  Bracken  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Cov- 
ington, Flomingsburg  A,  Pound  Gap  Railroad.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  seminary,  and  a  manufactory  of  mill  machinery. 
Pop.  about  20U. 


Berlin,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Wicomico  A  Pocomoko  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Worces- 
ter Railroad,  23  miles  K.  by  S.  from  Salisbury,  and  about 
7  miles  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  It  has  4  churches,  an 
academy  or  high  school,  and  2  private  banks.     Pop.  974. 

Berlin,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  in  Berlin 
township,  on  the  Boston,  Clinton  &  Fitchburg  Railroad,  4U 
miles  W.  of  Boston.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  high  school. 
Pop.  of  township,  in  1890,  884. 

Berlin,  a  township  of  Ionia  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1659. 

Berlin,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  2028. 
It  contains  Newport. 

Berlin,  a  post-village  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich.,  in  Wright 
township,  on  tne  Detroit  A  Milwaukee  Railroad,  9  or  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist- 
mill, a  woollen-mill,  and  a  union  school.     Pop.  about  25(1. 

Berlin,  a  township  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.     I'oj).  1 131. 

Berlin,  a  post-township  of  Steele  co.,  Minn.,  about  40 
miles  S.E.  of  Mankato.  It  is  diversified  by  lakes,  pniiries, 
and  groves.     Pop.  616. 

Berlin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gentry  co..  Mo.,  12  miles 
from  Pattonsburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Berlin,  a  village  of  Lafayette  co.,  Mo.,  on  or  near  the 
Missouri  River,  in  Dover  township.  It  has  several  churches 
and  a  hemp-factory.     Pop.  about  350. 

Berlin,  a  post-villngo  of  Otoe  co..  Neb.,  43  miles  by  rail 
E.  by  S.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  a  bank,  2  churches,  and  sev- 
eral shops  and  stores.     Pop.  763. 

Berlin,  a  township  of  Coos  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railroad.     Pop.  529.     See  Berlin  Falls. 

Berlin,  formerly  Longacoming,  a  post-village  of 
Camden  co.,  N.J.,  in  Waterford  township,  on  the  Camden 
&  Atlantic  Railroad,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Camden.  It  hag  3 
churches,  2  Avagon-shops,  and  a  graded  school. 

Berlin,  a  station  in  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Southern 
Railroad  of  Long  Island,  1  mile  from  Jamaica. 

Berlin,  a  post-village  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Berlin 
township,  on  the  Harlem  Extension  Railroad,  about  22 
miles  E.  of  Albany.  It  has  2  churches,  5  stores,  2  grist- 
mills, and  manufactures  of  corks  and  shirts.  Pop.  about 
400.  It  is  sometimes  called  North  Berlin.  The  township 
contains  also  South  Berlin.     Pop.  of  township,  2088. 

Berlin,  or  Tank'town,  a  hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  0., 
in  Berlin  township,  and  on  the  Cleveland,  Columbus  A  Cin- 
cinnati Railroad,  20  miles  N.  of  Columbus,  and  4  miles  by  a 
branch  road  S.E.  of  Delaware.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of 
township,  1330.     Its  post-office  is  named  Tanktown. 

Berlin,  a  township  of  Erie  CO.,  0.  Pop.  1741.  It  con- 
tains Ceylon,  Berlin  Heights,  and  Berlinville. 

Berlin,  a  post-village  of  Holmes  co.,  0.,  in  Berlin  town- 
ship, about  85  miles  E.N.E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  2  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  carriages,  flour,  leather,  and  wool. 
Pop.  224;  of  township,  1007. 

Berlin,  a  village  of  Jackson  co.,  0.,  in  Milton  town- 
ship, on  the  Portsmouth  Branch  of  the  Marietta  A  Cincin- 
nati Railroad,  50  miles  N.E.  of  Portsmouth.  It  has  a 
church,  an  academy,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.  Pop.  233.  The  name 
of  its  post-office  is  Berlin  Cross  Roads. 

Berlin,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  0.     Pop.  887. 

Berlin,  a  township  of  Mahoning  co.,  0.  Pop.  963.  It 
contains  Berlin  Centre.  • 

Berlin,  a  post-borough  of  Somerset  co..  Pa.,  is  near  the 
western  base  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains,  about  52  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Altoona,  and  70  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It 
has  5  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  public  school,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  foundry,  and  rolling-  and  flouring-mills. 
Bituminous  coal  abounds  here.     Pop.  912. 

Berlin,  a  township  of  Wayne  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1005. 

Berlin,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Tenn.,  44  miles 
S.  of  Nashville.  It  has  a  church  and  a  tan-yard,  and  is  near 
South  Berlin  Station  of  the  Duck  River  Valley  Railroad. 

Berlin,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Tex.,  4  miles  W. 
of  Brenham. 

Berlin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington 'co.,  Vt.,  3  or  4 
miles  S.  of  Montpelier,  It  is  in  Berlin  township,  which  is 
drained  by  the  Winooski  River  and  intersected  by  the  Cen- 
tral Vermont  Railroad.  The  township  has  4  churches,  a 
tannery,  and  several  mills.     Pop.  1514. 

Berlin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Southampton  co.,  Va.,  about 
44  miles  W.  of  Norfolk. 

Berlin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  W.  Va.,  8  miles  E. 
of  Weston.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  120. 

Berlin,  a  city  of  Green  Lake  co.,  Wis.,  is  in  Berlin 
township,  on  Fox  River,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  22  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Osh- 
kosh,  about  35  miles  N.W.  of  Fond  du  Lac,  and  97  miles 
by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Milwaukee.     Its  trade  is  facilitated  by 


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ihe  steam  navigation  on  Fox  River.  One  daily  and  2  weekly 
lewspapers  are  issued  here.  Berlin  has  a  high  school,  a 
latiunal  bank,  8  churches,  a  woollen-mill,  a  tannery,  and 
manufactures  of  caskets,  coffins,  flour,  Ac.  Pop.  of  city,  4 149. 
'  Berlin^  the  chief  town  of  Waterloo  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Srand  River,  62^  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Toronto.  It  has  3 
sanks,  a  telegraph  office,  6  newspaper  offices,  14  churches,  a 
loliege,  tanneries,  foundries,  and  furniture-,  boat-  and  shoe-, 
)rgan-,  butter-,  trunk-,  and  other  factories.     Pop.  8000. 

Berlin  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mahoning  co.,  0.,  in 
JGerlin  township,  about  32  miles  E.  by  S.  from  Akron.  It 
las  a  college  and  3  churches. 

I  Berlinchen,  b5R'lin-K?n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Bran- 
(lenburg,  52  miles  N.E.  of  Frankfort-on-the-Oder.  Pop. 
5620. 

,  Berlin  Cross  Roads,  Jackson  co.,  0.  See  Berlin. 
;  Berlin  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Coos  co.,  N.II.,  on  the 
Androscoggin  River,  98  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Portland.  It 
Qas  6  churches  (7  denominations),  2  banks,  a  newspaper 
jffice,  paper-,  pulp-,  and  lumber-mills.  The  river  hero  de- 
scends nearly  200  feet  in  the  course  of  a  mile,  and  presents 
idmirable  scenery. 

1  Berlingues,  the  French  for  the  Berlengas  Islands. 
i  Berlin  Heights,  a  post-village  of  Erie  co.,  0.,  is  sit- 
uated on  high  ground  in  Berlin  township,  3  miles  from 
iLake  Erie,  3  miles  S.  of  Ceylon  Railroad  Station,  and  15 
iniles  E.S.E.  of  Sandusky.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded 
gehool,  a  carriage-shop,  &o.     Pop.  in  1890,  617. 

Berlin  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coos  co.,  N.H.,  on  the 
(Androscoggin  River,  about  3  miles  N.  of  Berlin  Falls. 

Berlin  Station,  Erie  co.,  0.     See  Ceylox. 
I    Ber'linsville,  a  post-village  of  Northampton  co..  Pa., 
■in  Lehigh  township,  about  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Allentowu. 
It  has  a  church,  and  quarries  and  manufactures  of  slate 
land  marble. 

Berlinum,  the  Latin  for  Berlin. 
■    Ber'linville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  0.,  18  miles 
•W.  of  Oberlin.     It  has  a  town  hall,  grist-  and  saw-mills, 
and  manufactures  of  pillow-sham  holders. 
'    Bermejo,  a  river  of  South  America.    See  Verme.io. 
I    Bernieo,  bJR-mi'o,  a  seaport  town  of  Spain,  on  the 
Bay  of  Biscay,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Bilbao.     Pop.  3913. 
'    Ber'mondsey,  a  parish  of  England,  and  a  suburb  of 
the  metropolis,  co.  of  Surrey,  included  in  the  borough  of 
' South wark,  on  the  East.     Pop.  80,424,  employed  in  ship- 
ibuilding,  in  extensive  tanneries,  and  in  a  large  retail  trade. 
iBcrmondsey  has  a  large  Roman  Catholic  population,  a  con- 
iycnt,  and  many  schools,  and  other  charities. 
'     Bermuda  (or  Somers)  Islands,  or  The  Bermu- 
i  das,  b^r-moo'daz,  a  group  of  islands  in  the  North  Atlantic 
j  Ocean,  belonging  to  Great  Britain,  580  miles  S.E.  of  Cape 
jHattcras;  situated  between  lat.  32°  14'  and  32°  25'  N.  and 
;  Ion.  64°  38'  and  04°  52'  W.     They  lie  S.W.  and  N.E.,  based 
on  the  edge  of  a  coral  bank,  and  only  occupj-  a  space  of 
about  18  miles  by  6,  though  said  to  be  365  in  number. 
'  They  are  separated  from  one  another  by  very  narrow  chan- 
'  nels,  and  are  mostly  rocky  islets,  five  only  being  of  any 
;  considerable  size.     They  are  of  difficult  access,  being  cn- 
1  closed  on  three  sides,  N.,  W.,  and  S.,  by  formidable  coral 
!  reefs,  nearly  all  under  water,  and  extending  in  some  parts 

■  10  miles  from  the  islands,  the  only  reefs  of  this  description 
'  occurring  in  the  whole  central  expanse   of  the  Atlantic 

•  Ocean.  The  islands  have  little  elevation,  and  in  their  gen- 
'  eral  aspect  much  resemble  the  West  India  Islands.  The 
'  climate  is  delightful,  an  uninterrupted  spring  clothing  the 
'  fields  and  trees  with  perpetual  verdure.  Severe  thunder- 
storms, however,  frequently  occur ;  and  when  south  winds 

■  prevail  the  atmosphere  becomes  charged  with  humidity. 
'  Almost  every  description  of  fruit  and  vegetable  grows  here 
I  abundantly  ;  the  arrow-root  is  said  to  be  superior  to  that  of 
1  any  other  place.  The  orange-orchards  of  the  islands  are 
;  extending  and  improving.     It  is  remarkable  that  there  are 

neither  springs  nor  fresh-water  streams  in  the  Bermudas, 

'  and  only  a  few  wells,  the  water  of  which  is  brackish. 

'      Some  attention  is  given  to  building  vessels,  generally  of 

:  cedar,  small,  swift,  and  durable.     Plaiting  straw  and  the 

J  midrib  of  the  palmetto  leaf  is  also  carried  on  to  some  ex- 

'  tent.     Principal  exports,  arrow-root,  potatoes,  tomatoes,  and 

onions,  which  are  snipped  extensively  to  the  United  States. 

The  largest  harbor  is  that  of  St.  George's,  a  beautiful  bay, 

capable  of  containing  a  large  fleet,  but  of  difficult  ingress 

and  egress  from  the   narrowness  of   its   entrance.     It   is 

'  strongly  fortified,  and  generally  garrisoned  by  a  regiment 

•  of  the  line,  with  artillery.  The  legislature  consists  of  a 
governor,  council,  and  legislative  assembly.  The  council  is 
composed  of  8  members  and  a  president,  nominated  by  the 
governor,  but  subject  to  confirmation  by  the  crown;   the 


house  of  assembly  of  30  members,  returned  by  the  nine 
tribes  or  parishes  into  which  the  islands  are  divided.  An 
establishment  for  convicts  has  been  placed  on  Boaz  Island. 
The  capital  is  Hamilton,  on  Great  Bermuda  or  Long  Island. 
There  is  regular  steam  communication  between  Bermuda 
and  New  York.  Pop.  in  1871,  12,121 ;  in  1881,  13,948 ;  in 
1891,  15,884. Inhab.  Bermodian,  b?r-moo'de-an. 

Bermu'da,  a  post-office  of  Conecuh  co.,  Ala.  * 

Bermuda,  a  post-village  of  Natchitoches  parish,  La., 
10  miles  S.  of  Natchitoches. 

Bermu'da  Ilun'drcd,  a  village  of  Chesterfield  co., 
Va.,  on  the  James  River,  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Richmond. 

Bermu'dian,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co.,  Pa.,  in  Lat- 
imore  township,  about  22  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Ilarrisburg.  It 
has  2  coach -shops  and  2  stores. 

Bern,  bern  (Fr.  Berne,  b^Rn ;  Ger.  Bern,  b^Rn),  a  can- 
ton of  Switzerland,  by  far  the  most  populous  in  the  Confed- 
eration, and  the  largest  in  area,  excepting  the  Grisons,  sit- 
uated between  lat.  46°  20'  and  47°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  6°  60' 
and  8°  27'  E.  Bounded  N.  by  France,  E.  by  the  cantons 
Soleure,  Aargau,  Lucerne,  Unterwalden,  and  Uri,  S.  by  the 
Valais,  and  W.  by  Vaud,  Freyburg,  and  Neufchatel.  Area, 
2660  square  miles.  The  country  is  very  mountainous,  com- 
prising, in  the  S.,  many  of  the  highest  points  of  the  Alps, 
as  the  Finster-Aarhorn,  Jungfrau,  Schreckhorn,  and  Monch, 
the  terraces  and  contreforts  of  which  form  the  Bernese 
Oberland,  celebrated  for  the  beauty  of  its  valleys,  the  chief 
of  which  are  the  Simmenthal,  Lautcrbrunnen,  Grindelwald, 
and  Ilasli.  The  N.  part  of  the  canton  is  covered  by  the 
Jura  Mountains,  the  two  regions  being  separated  by  the 
valley  of  the  Aar.  Nearly  the  whole  territory  belongs  to 
the  basin  of  the  Rhine,  and  is  drained  by  the  Aar  and  its 
tributaries.  Climate  healthy  ;  excessively  cold  in  the  region 
of  the  Alps,  where  the  perpetual  snow  forms  the  most  ex- 
tensive glaciers  in  Switzerland.  The  mountains  are  covered 
with  forests  of  pine  and  beech,  and  the  soil  is  fertile  in  the 
valleys.  The  amount  of  grain,  potatoes,  hemp,  and  flax  is 
insufficient  for  consumption.  The  vine  is  cultivated  to  a 
considerable  extent  in  the  valleys  of  the  Thiele,  and  on  the 
lakes  Neufchatel,  Bienne,  and  Thun.  Manufacturing  and 
the  rearing  of  cattle  are  the  chief  sources  of  wealth,  the 
cattle  of  the  Emmen  and  Saane  being  the  best  in  Switzer- 
land; and  the  cheese  there  produced  is  one  of  the  chief 
articles  of  commerce.  The  horses  of  the  Emmenthal  are 
much  esteemed.  Among  the  many  mineral  springs  those 
of  Weissenburg,  Blumenstein,  Frutigen,  and  Gurnigel  are 
most  frequented.  The  chief  objects  of  industry  are  the 
manufactures  of  linens  and  woollens,  iron-  and  copper- 
wares,  watchmaking,  and  the  wooden-wares  of  the  Ober- 
land. The  canton  is  traversed  by  excellent  roads,  and 
steam-packets  ply  on  the  lakes  and  on  the  river  Aar.  The 
educational  establishments  are  numerous  and  excellent. 
Pop.  in  1870,  606,465;  in  1888,  536,679,  mostly  Protestant. 
Capital,  Bern. Adj.  and  inhab.  Bernese,  b§rn-eez'. 

Bern  or  Berne,  bJRn  (L.  Ber'.na),  a  town,  capital  of 
Switzerland,  and  of  the  canton  of  the  same  name,  mainly 
built  on  a  small  peninsula  formed  by  the  Aar,  here  crossed 
by  several  bridges,  which  connect  the  old  town  with  its  new 
quarter,  80  miles  N.E.  of  Geneva,  and  23  miles  S.  of  Basel. 
Elevation  (of  observatory),  1856  feet.  It  is  the  terminus 
of  several  railways.  It  is  the  finest  town  in  Switzerland; 
and  one  of  the  most  handsome  in  Europe;  it  is  entirely 
built  of  freestone,  and  is  remarkable  for  the  arcades  formed 
by  the  houses  in  all  its  principal  streets,  and  for  its  numerous 
fountains,  many  of  which  are  ornamented  with  curious 
sculpture.  It  has  a  Gothic  cathedral ;  a  university,  founded 
in  1834;  an  observatory;  a  public  library  with  45,000  vol- 
umes and  a  collection  of  MSS. ;  a  museum  ;  an  arsenal ;  a 
mint,  in  which  the  coins  of  several  cantons  are  struck  ;  and 
many  charitable  institutions.  Its  chief  industry  conf  ists  in 
the  manufacture  of  gunpowder,  fire-arms,  and  mathematical 
instruments,  straw  hats,  paper,  and  leather.  The  property 
belonging  to  the  corporation  is  very  large;  and  the  revenue 
suffices  not  only  to  defray  the  public  expenses,  but  also  to 
provide  all  the  citizens  with  fuel,  and  still  leaves  a  surplus. 

Bern  owes  its  foundation  to  Berchtold,  fifth  Duke  of  Ziih- 
ringen,  who,  in  1191,  fortified  the  peninsula  on  which  the 
town  stands,  and  invited  merchants  and  craftsmen  to  resort 
thither  for  protection.  In  1218  it  was  raised  to  the  rank 
of  a  free  town  of  the  empire,  with  extensive  privileges. 
Bern  is  said  to  derive  its  name  from  biiren,  the  plural  of 
the  German  word  hiir  (a  bear) ;  and  that  animal  figures  on 
the  armorial  bearings  of  the  town,  as  well  as  on  the  coir.g, 
sign-posts,  fountains,  and  public  buildings.  For  many  cen- 
turies living  bears  have  been  maintained  at  the  public  ex- 
pense as  part  of  the  state  property.  The  great  majority  of 
the  inhabitants  are  Protestants.    Pop.  in  1888,  46,009. 


B£R 


686 


BER 


UerOf  a  poat-villago  of  Nomaha  co.,  Kansas,  about  70 
;pi)ilc8  W.K.W.  of  St,  JoKepb.  It  has  a  church  orgauita- 
tioD,  a  bank,  flour-iuills,  public  school,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  about  :iUO. 

BerDt  a  township  of  Athens  oo.,  0.     Pop.  1014. 

BerUy  a  station  in  lierks  oo,,  Pa.,  on  the  Philadelphia 
A  Kending  Kuiiruud,  20  miles  S.U.  of  Pottsville. 

Ilern,  a  township  of  Berks  co..  Pa.     Pop.  2124. 

llerna«  the  Liitin  for  Ukun,  a  town  of  Switeerland. 

llernados,  a  name  once  given  to  the  Bahbadoes 
Islands. 

liernadotte,  b^r^na-dSt',  a  post-village  of  Fulton  oo., 
III.,  in  Berntidotte  township,  on  Spoon  River,  4  miles  from 
Jpava  Railroad  Stivtion,  and  about  45  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Pooria.  It  hiu  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  4  stores.  Pop. 
of  township,  1263. 

Beruadotte,  a  post-township  of  Nicollet  co.,  Minn., 
on  Swan  Lake,  13  miles  from  Nioollot.     Pop.  4S2. 

Ber^nal'*  a  station  on  the  Southern  Pacifio  Railroad,  4 
miled  S.  of  San  Frnnoisoo,  Cal. 

Bernalda,  bdit-n&I'd&,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
46  miles  S.K.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  6295. 

BcrnalillOf  bdr-n&-loe'yO,  a  county  of  Now  Mc.\ico,  is 
intersected  by  the  Rio  Grande  and  Rio  Pucroo.  The  surface 
is  partly  mountainous.  A  peak,  called  Mount  Taylor,  ap- 
pears to  be  of  volcanic  origin.  Primary,  Silurian,  and  cre- 
taceous rocks  aro  found  in  difforent  parts  of  the  county. 
The  soil  in  some  parts  is  fertile  and  adapted  to  pasturage. 
Irrigation  is  required  in  order  to  raise  good  crops  of  grain. 
Capital,  Albuquerque.  Pop.  in  1880, 17,225;  in  1890,  20,913. 

Bernalillo,  a  post-village  of  Bernalillo  co.,  Kew  Mex- 
ico, on  the  Rio  Grande,  and  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  & 
Santa  F6  Railroad,  17  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Albuquerque,  in 
a  wool-  and  stock-growing  region.  It  hns  a  church,  a  con- 
vent, a  college,  and  a  manufactory  of  wine.     Pop.  1223. 

Bernar'dO)  a  post-hamlet  of  San  Diego  co.,  (Jal.,  about 
34  miles  N.  by  E.  of  San  Diego. 

Bernardo  Prairie,  a  post-ofiSce  and  settlement  of 
Colorado  co,,  Tex.,  6  miles  from  Alleyton  Railroad  Station. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

Ber^nards',  a  towni^bip  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J.  Pop. 
236'.).     It  contains  Bernardsville  iind  Basking  Ridge. 

Ber'nardston,  a  post-hnmlet  of  Frnoklin  Co.,  Mnss., 
on  the  Connecticut  River  Rnilroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Green- 
field. It  has  4  churches,  a  public  library,  a  school  culled 
Powers  Institute,  and  saw-mills,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  cutlery- 
factory.     Pop,  in  18510,  770, 

Bernard's  Town,  a  post-office  of  Webster  eo„  W.  Va. 

Bernards'vilie,  a  post-hanilct  and  station  of  Somerset 
CO.,  N.J.,  in  Bernards  township,  on  the  New  Jersey  West 
Line  Railroad,  27  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Newark.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Bernan,  bdn'now,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  of  Bran- 
<Tonburg,  13  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Berlin,  Pop.  5567,  em- 
ployed in  weaving  woollen,  cotton,  and  silk  stuffs,  and  in 
breweries, 

Bernay,  Mn^ni.',  a  town  of  Franco,  department  of  Eure, 
on  the  Chiirentonne,  at  a  railway  junction,  25  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Evreux.  It  has  a  communal  college,  and  manufactures 
of  woollen  cloths,  linens,  and  yarns.  The  town  is  full  of 
old  buildings  of  much  antiquarian  interest.     Pop.  5806, 

Bernburg,  b^rn'burg  or  bSun'boouG,  a  town  of  Ger- 
many, duchy  of  Anhalt,  on  the  Saalo,  23  miles  S.  of  Magde- 
burg, It  consists  of  an  old  and  a  new  town,  both  enclosed 
by  walls,  and  has  a  castle,  several  churches,  council-house, 
high  schools,  and  orphan  asylum.  It  has  manufactures  of 
sugar,  iron  castings,  porcelain,  paper,  and  starch.  It  is 
connected  by  railways  with  Berlin,  Magdeburg,  and  Dres- 
den,    Pop.  about  20,000. 

Berne,  Switzerland.    See  Bern. 

Berne,  bflR'n^h,  a  town  of  Germ  iny,  duchy  and  11 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Oldenburg.     Pop,  eJ4. 

Berne,  b§rn,  a  post-villiige  of  Adams  co.,  Ind.,  in  Mon- 
roe township,  33  miles  by  rail  S.S.E,  of  Fort  Wayne.  It 
has  3  churches  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  500. 

Berne,  a  post-village  of  Dodge  co.,  Minn.,  in  Milton 
township,  about  20  miles  N.W,  of  Rochester.  It  has  2 
oburches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Berne,  a  post-township  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  about  18 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Albany.  It  contains  villages  named 
Bernville  or  Berne,  East  Berne,  and  West  Berne.    Pop.  2567. 

Berne,  a  township  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.  Pop.  3056.  It 
eontains  the  villages  of  East  Lancaster  and  Sugar  Grove. 
Berne  Station  is  5  miles  E.  of  Lancaster. 

Berne,  Noble  co.,  0.    See  Carlisle. 

Berne,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co,  Pa.,  15  miles  by 
nil  N.  of  Reading 


Berne,  or  Drys'daleville,  a  post-village  in  Huron 
CO.,  Ontario,  16  miles  from  Seaforth.     Pop.  100. 

Berneck,  bAit'ndk,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  Upper  Franco- 
nia,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Baireuth.     Po]>.  1355. 

Berneck,  bdit-ndk',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  cnnt(Jti 
and  11  miles  E.  of  St.  Gall.  It  hoti  manufactures  of  em- 
broidered muslins.     Pop.  2137. 

Berncra,  ber-n^'r&,  or  Barnera,  bar-n.\'r&,  thrcv 
islands  of  the  Hebrides, — one  sometimes  called  Bcrnoruv, 
the  southernmost  of  the  Barra  group,  another  in  Harri' 
Sound,  and  the  third  on  the  W.  side  of  the  island  of  Lewi.-. 

Bernese  Oberland,  Switzerland.    See  Bkun. 

Bern'hard's  Bay,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  N.  shore  of  Oneida  Lake,  and  on  the  New  York  .1 
Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  36  miles  E.S.E.  of  Oswego.  Jt 
has  a  church. 

Berenice,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co.,  Pa.,  on  tlio 
State  Line  it  Erie  Railroad,  29  miles  S.  of  Towanda.  It  h^i- 
mines  of  semi-anthracite  coal,  an  enormous  cual-brcuker, 
and  a  steam  mill.  The  coal  is  described  as  "  free-buniing, 
without  clinker." 

Bcrnier,  b^r-neer',  a  small  island  of  Western  Australia 
N.W,  of  Shark  Bay.     Lat.  24°  50'  S,;  Ion.  113°  15'  E, 

Bernina,  bdR-nee'n&,  a  mountain  of  the  Rhoitian  Alps, 
Switzerland,  canton  of  Grisons,  36  miles  S.E.  of  Chur,  re- 
markable for  its  extensive  glacier.  The  Pass  of  liurnina 
forms  a  communication  between  the  Upper  Engadino  aud 
the  Valtelline,  at  an  elevation  of  7672  feet. 

Bernkastel,  b^Rn'k&s-t^I,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Pruuia, 
23  miles  N.E,  of  Treves,     Pop.  2100. 

Ber'non,  a  village  in  Woonsocket  township,  Providence 
CO,,  R.I.,  contiguous  to  Woonsocket  village.  It  has  exten- 
sive cotton-mills  and  a  church.     Pop.  1482. 

Bernstadt,  bSun'stiltt,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  on  a 
railway,  22  miles  E.  of  Breslau.  It  has  a  ducal  castle,  and 
manufactures  of  woollen  and  linen  fabrics.     Pop.  3861. 

Bernstadt,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Schatzlar. 

Bernstein,  bdun'stine,  a  town  of  Prussia,  iu  Branden- 
burg, 55  miles  N.E.  of  Frankfort,     Pop.  2477, 

Bern'ville,  or  Berne,  a  post-village  of  Albany  en., 
N.Y.,  in  Berne  township,  about  20  miles  from  Albany,  It 
has  5  stores,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  3  churches.  Pop, 
250.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Berne. 

Bernville,  a  post-borough  of  Berks  co,,  Pa,,  in  Pcnn 
township,  on  Tulpehocken  Creek  and  the  Union  Caniil, 
13  miles  N.W.  of  Reading.  It  has  2  churches,  2  graded 
schools,  a  printing-office,  a  foundry,  2  carriage-factories,  a 
machine-shop,  and  an  active  trade  in  coal,  lumber,  grain, 
<fco.    The  houses  are  mostly  built  of  brick.    Pop,  about  OOC 

Bercca  (of  Syria),     See  Aleppo. 

Bercca  (of  Macedonia),    See  Veria. 

Berolinum,  the  Latin  for  Berlin, 

Beronda,  or  Baronda,  ba-ron'd&,  a  petty  state  of 
India,  in  Bundelcund,   Area,  275  square  miles.    Pop,  24,000, 

Beroo,  a  kingdom  of  Africa,    See  Beeroo. 

Ber^ra»Vol',  an  independent  territory  and  town  of 
Northern  Afghanistan,  the  town  situated  in  a  valley  and 
on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  108  miles  N,  of  Peshawer, 

Berre,  bain,  a  town  of  France,  in  Bouches-du-Rhone, 
16  miles  N,AV,  of  Marseilles.     Pop,  1980, 

Ber'reman,  a  township  of  Jo  Daviess  co,.  111.  Pop,  559, 

Berri,  a  district  in  France,    See  Beruy, 

Berrian,  b^rVe-in',  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  Sahara  of 
Algeria,  25  miles  E.  of  Gardaia.     Pop,  about  3500. 

Berrien,  ber'r?-en,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  700  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  AUapaha  River,  and  on  the  AV.  by  Little 
River,  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  cov- 
ered with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees ;  the  soil  is  sandy, 
and  produces  maize,  sweet  potatoes,  oats,  Ac,  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Brunswick  &  Western  Railroad.  Capital, 
Nashville.  Pop.  in  1870,  4518;  in  1880,  6619;  in  1890, 
10,694. 

Berrien,  a  county  forming  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Mich- 
igan, has  an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.W.  by  Lake  Michigan,  and  is  intersected  by  St, 
Joseph's  River,  which,  entering  it  in  the  S.,  runs  N.X.W. 
into  Lake  Micbigan,  and  partly  drained  by  the  Paw  I'aiv 
River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively  covered 
with  dense  forests  of  the  ash,  oak,  beech,  and  sugar-maple. 
The  soil  is  partly  a  deep  ricb  sandy  loam.  Wheat,  Indian 
corn,  fruits,  butter,  cattle,  horses,  and  hay  are  the  staple 
products.  The  county  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  A 
West  Michigan  Railroad  and  the  Michigan  Central  Kail- 
road.  The  St.  Joseph  Valley  Railroad  runs  between 
Buchanan  in  the  S,  and  Berrien  Springs,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  35,104;  in  1880,  36,785;  in  1890,  41,285. 


BER 


637 


BER 


'  Berrien,  a  township  of  Berrien  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  138]. 
Berrien  Ce^itre,  a  post- village  of  Berrien  co.,  Mich., 
9  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Kiles.  Pop.  about  150. 
Berrien's  Island,  an  island  of  12  acres'  area,  in  East 
liver,  within  the  limits  of  Long  Island  City,  N.Y.  It  lies 
ifif  Lawrence  Point. 

Berrien  Springs,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort, 
lapital  of  Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  St.  Joseph  River,  10 
niles  N.W.  of  Niles,  and  about  70  miles  E.  of  Chicago. 
,:t  has  4  churches,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
)lBningmill,  and  medicinal  springs.     Pop.  662. 

Berrin,  ber-reen',  a  town  of  Western  Africa,  Senegam- 
,)ia.  on  the  Casamanza.  Lat.  12°  28'  N. ;  Lon.  16°  28'  W, 
I  Berry,  or  Berri,  bfir'ree  (Fr.  pron.  b^R^nee'),  one  of 
,;he  old  provinces  of  Fiance,  near  its  centre,  now  forming 
;;he  departments  of  Cher  and  Indre ;  its  capital  was  Bourges. 
(  Ber'ry,  a  village  of  Sangamon  co.,  III.,  in  Cooper  town- 
i'hip,  on  the  Ohio  and  Mississippi  Railroad,  12  miles  S.E. 
){  Springfield.     It  has  a  church. 

i  Berry,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  co.,  Ky.,  54  miles  by 
jrail  S.  of  Covington.  It  has  2  churches,  a  distillery,  and 
It  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  300. 

I    Berry  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butte  co.,  Cal.,  17 
'miles  from  Oroville.     It  has  a  hotel  and  a  saw-mill. 
1   Bcr'ryliill's',  a  township  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.C. 
|Pop.  141 4. 

'  Iler'ry  Islands,  a  group  of  well-wooded  keys  in  the 
.Bahamas,  about  35  miles  N.W.  of  Nassau.  All  are  small. 
They  are  at  the  N.E.  extremity  of  Great  Bahama  Bank. 
Pop.  202.     Great  Harbor  Key  is  the  largest. 

ller'rysburg,  a  post-borough  of  Mifflin  township,  Dau- 
ahin  co..  Pa.,  in  Lykens  Valley,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Ilar- 
,-isburg.  Coal  is  mined  near  it.  It  has  3  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  chairs  and  tombstones.     Pop.  451. 

Berry's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Williamson  co.,  Tex.. 
'24  miles  from  Round  Rock  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Berry's  Lick,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Ky.,  20  miles 
,from  Auburn. 

Berry's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Me.,  in 
Carthage  township,  12  miles  from  North  Jay  Station.  It 
:has  a  grist-mill  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Ber'ry's  Station,  or  Ber'ryville,  a  post-village  of 
Harrison  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Kentucky  Central  Railroad,  54 
jmiles  S.  of  Cincinnati,  0.  It  has  a  church,  a  seminary,  and 
manufactures  of  ploughs  and  wagons.  Pop.  235. 
;  Ber'rysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Highland  co.,  0.,  about 
!54  miles  E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  78. 
I    Ber'rytown,  a  post-office  of  Cassco.,  111. 

Ber'ryvale,  a  post-office  and  settlement  of  Siskiyou 
CO.,  Cal.,  at  the  base  of  Mount  Shasta,  77  miles  from  Red- 
ding.    Here  are  2  hotels. 

Ber'ryville,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Carrol  co..  Ark., 
near  Osage  Creek,  44  miles  N.E.  of  Fayetteville  and  12 
; miles  S.E.  of  Eureka  Springs.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank, 
a  flour-mill,  an  academy,  and  2  newspaper  offices.  Pop. 
;  about  750. 

\  Berryville,  Harrison  co.,  Ky.  See  Berry's  Station. 
'  Berryville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Otsego  co.,  Mich.,  9i  miles 
;frotn  Gay  lord  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  saw-mill. 
Berryville,  a  post-office  of  Henderson  co.,  Tex. 
Berryville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clarke  co.,  Va.,  in 
■the  Shenandoah  Valley,  11  or  12  miles  E.  of  Winchester, 
and  about  60  miles  W.N.W.  of  Washington,  D.C.  It  has  a 
;  bank,  6  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
I  a  coach-factory.     Pop.  580. 

I     Bersimis,  bSu^se^mee',  or  Betsiamites,  b5t^se-8,^- 
meet',  a  post-village  in  Saguenay  co.,  Quebec,  90  miles  N.E. 
of  Tadousac.     It  is  a  Hudson  Bay  Company's  post,  and  in- 
Labited  chiefly  by  Indians.     Pop.  552.    See  Betsiamites. 
Bertha,  a  Latin  name  of  Perth,  in  Scotland. 
Berthalm,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Berethalom. 
Berthelsdorf,  bfiR'tels-donf,  a  village  of  Saxony,  18 
miles  S.E.  of  Bautzen.     Pop.  1902. 

Berthier,  b^KHe-i',  a  county  in  the  western  part  of  the 
province  of  Quebec,  Canada,  on  the  St.  Lawrence.  Area, 
2170  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  L'Assomption  River. 
The  chief  products  are  woollen  goods,  linens,  flax,  oats,  and 
tobacco.     Chief  town,  Berthier-en-Haut.     Pop.  19,993. 

Berthier-en-Bas,b6RHe-i'-6N»-bl,orBellechasse 
de  Berthier,  bfiirshlss'  d§h  b5RHe-i',  a  village  in  Bello- 
chasse  co.,  QucIdcc,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  river  St.  Law- 
rence, and  on  a  railway,  40  miles  by  water  S.E,  of  Quebec, 
fop.  300. 

Berthier-en-Haut,  b5R'te-i'-6N»-h6,  a  river-port  of 
Quebec,  the  chief  town  of  Berthier  co.,  on  the  north  shore 


of  the  St.  Lawrence,  45  miles  N.E.  of  Montreal.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  bank,  a  college,  an  academy,  a  convent,  a 
whiskey  distillery,  foundry,  steam  saw-mill,  &o.  Pop.  about 
1600. 

Bertholdsdorf,  bfiR't6lds-doRf\  a  town  of  Austria,  8 
miles  S.  of  Vienna,  with  an  old  church,  a  castle,  and  warm 
baths.     Pop.  3262. 

Berthoud,  a  town  of  Switzerland.     See  Burgdorf. 

Ber'thoud,  a  post-town  of  Larimer  co..  Col.,  in  a  fine 
wheat-growing  section,  50  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Denver.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  flouir. 
Pop.  350. 

Bertie,  b?r'tee,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  North 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  700  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Chowan  River,  and  on  the  S.  and 
W,  by  the  Roanoke.  Albemarle  Sound  touches  the  S.E. 
part  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  mostly 
covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian 
corn,  and  sweet  potatoes  are  the  staple  produces.  Capital, 
Windsor.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,950;  in  1880,  16,399;  in  1890, 
19,176. 

Bertignat,  b^RHeen^yi',  a  village  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Puy-de-D6me,  9  miles  from  Ambert.     Pop.  2127. 

Bertincourt,  bgR'tiuo^kooR',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Pas-de-Calais,  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Arras.     Pop.  1536. 

Bertinoro,  b^n-te-no'ro,  a  town  of  Italy,  7  miles  S.E, 
of  Forli.     It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  6540. 

Ber'tram,  a  post- village  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa,  in  Bertram 
township,  9  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Cedar  Rapids.  It  has  a 
church,  a  hotel,  and  saw-  and  flour-mills.     Pop.  200. 

Bertram,  a  post-village  of  Burnet  co.,  Tex.,  10  miles 
S.E.  of  Burnet.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
several  stores.     Pop.  150. 

Ber'trand,  a  post-village  of  Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
St.  Joseph  River,  5  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Niles.  It  has  » 
church,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  brick-yard.     Pop.  about  300. 

BcrHrand',  a  post-hamlet  of  Mississippi  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  A  Southern  Railroad  (Cairo 
division),  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cairo,  111.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  steam  mill. 

Bertrich,  bdRt'rlK,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  6 
miles  S.W.  of  Cochem,  with  mineral  baths.     Pop.  360. 

Bertry,  bfiRHrte',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Nord,  18  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Cambrai.     Pop.  2933. 

Berumbah,  a  state  of  India.    See  Baramba. 

Berun,  bi-roon'  (called  Alt-Berun,  "Old  Rerun,"  to 
distinguish  it  from  the  neighboring  Neu-Berun),  a  village 
of  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Pless,  on  Lake  Berun. 
Pop.  1733;  of  Neu-Berun,  430. 

Ilerut.  or  Berout,  a  town  of  Syria.     See  Beyroot. 

Berutschird,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Booroogird. 

Bervie,  bfir'vee,  or  Inverbervie,  in'v^r-bfirVee,  a 
town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Kincardine,  on  the  North  Sea,  8^ 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Stonehaven.  It  is  on  a  railway,  near  the 
mouth  of  the  river  Bervie,  the  harbor  being  at  Gourdon,  1 
mile  S.    Pop.  1859. 

Ber'vie,  a  post-village  in  Bruce  co.,  Ontario,  22  miles 
W.  of  Walkerton.     Pop.  100. 

Ber'ville,  a  post-office  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich. 

BerAvick,  or  Berwickshire,  bSr'rik-shir,  a  county 
of  Scotland,  forming  its  S.E.  extremity,  on  the  coast  of  the 
German  Ocean,  and  bounded  on  the  S.  by  Northumberland 
and  W.  by  Haddington  and  Edinburgh  shires.  Area,  464 
square  miles.  Its  N.  part  consists  of  the  barren  Lammer- 
moor  hills ;  but  the  district  of  Lauderdale  in  the  W.  and 
that  of  the  Merse  in  the  S.  are  level  and  well  cultivated. 
The  principal  rivers  are  the  Tweed  and  the  Eye.  Capital, 
Greenlaw.  This  county  returns  one  member  to  the  House 
of  Commons.     Pop.  36,486.     See  Berwick-on-Tweed. 

Ber'wick,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co..  111.,  in  Berwick 
township,  about  15  miles  S.W.  of  Galesburg.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  of  township,  1066. 

Berwick,  a  post-town  of  St.  Mary's  parish.  La.,  on 
the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  near  Morgan  City.  It  has 
2  churches.     Pop.  about  400. 

Berwick,  a  post-village  of  York  co..  Me.,  in  Berwick 
township,  on  Salmon  Falls  River,  i  mile  from  Great  Falls 
Railroad  Station,  and  about  44  miles  S.W.  of  Portland. 
It  has  a  church  and  several  steam  mills.  The  township  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  Salmon  Falls  River,  and  is  about  a 
miles  N.E.  of  Dover,  N.H.  It  has  manufactures  of  car- 
riages, lumber,  furniture,  shoes,  sash,  blinds,  <fec.    Pop.  2291. 

Berwick,  a  station  in  Newton  co..  Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis 
&  San  Francisco  Railroad,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Neosho. 

Berwick,  a  post-village  of  Seneca  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cin- 
cinnati, Sandusky  &  Cleveland  Railroad,  9  miles  S.W.  of 
Tiffin.     It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  188. 


BER 


6S8 


BET 


Berwick  (postoffloe,  Abbottstown),  a  borough  of 
Adams  oo.,  Pa.,  about  28  niilea  S.  of  Hurrisburg.  It  haa  2 
oburoh«8,  a  tannery,  and  a  oigar-fiiotory.     Pop.  325. 

Berwick,  a  iM)st-borough  of  CohunbiR  oo.,  Pu.,  on  tho 
North  liranoh  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  44  uiilos  by  rail 
8.W.  of  Scranton.  It  has  beautiful  scenery,  a  graded  school, 
»  national  hank,  a  newspaper  office.  5  churches,  a  pottery, 
a  rolling-mill,  and  a  oar-fuotory.     Pop.  in  1890,  27UI. 

Berwick,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  .37 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Windsor.  It  contains  a  church,  stores,  a 
grist-mill,  steam  saw-mills,  furniture-factory,  Ac.  Pop.  6U0. 
Bcrwick-on»Tweed,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of 
Northumberland,  on  tho  N.  bank  of  the  Tweed,  at  its  mouth, 
and  on  the  North  British  Railway,  47  miles  E.S.E.  of  Edin- 
burgh. Lat.  of  the  light-house,  55°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  1°  69'  W. 
The  town  is  surrounded  by  a  wall  and  fortifications,  and  is 
connected  with  its  suburbs,  Twcodmouth  and  S)>ittal,  by  a 
stone  bridge  of  15  arches  and  by  a  railway  bridge.  It  has 
a  decorated  Gothic  church,  built  during  the  commonwealth, 
a  town  hall  with  an  exchange  and  jail  attached,  a  lunatic 
asylum,  theatre,  grammar-school,  free  schools,  assembly- 
rooms,  and  infantry  barracks.  Tho  harbor  has  been  recently 
much  improved.  The  salmon-fishery  in  the  Tweed  is  very 
productive.  The  borough  has  sent  two  members  to  the 
Ilouse  of  Commons  since  the  reign  of  Mary.  Before  the 
municipal  reform,  Berwick  was  a  free  town,  independent 
of  both  Scotland  and  England  ;  but  it  is  now  constituted  an 
English  county  for  all  purposes  except  parliamentary  elec- 
tions.    Pop.  of  municipal  borough  in  1891,  13,378. 

Berwickshire,  a  county  of  Scotland.    See  Bkrwick. 
Ber'wyii,  formerly  ]{eese'ville,  a  post-village  of 
Chester  Co.,  Pa.,  on  the  main  line  of  the  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road, 17  miles  W.N.W.  of  Philadelphia.    It  has  6  churches, 
a  national  bank,  manufactures  of  flour,  brick,  carpets,  i.c., 
and  2  newspaper  oflnces.     Pop.  about  600. 
Bcrytus,  the  Latin  name  of  Beyroot. 
Ucrzelia,  b^r-zeel'ya,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co., 
Qa.,  on  the  Georgia  Railroad,  20  miles  W.  of  Augusta.     It 
has  a  church,  and  a  manufactory  of  sash  and  blinds. 

Berzocana  de  San  Fulgcncio,  bfiR-tho-k&'nS,  di 
8&D  fool-iidn'the-o,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  6  miles 
N.E.  of  Logrosan.     Pop.  1452. 

Besalu,  bi-s&-Ioo',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  15 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Gerona.     Pop.  1400. 

Besan^on,  b?h-z6v^86No'  (anc  Veson'tio),  a  city  of 
France,  capital  of  the  department  of  Doubs,  60  miles  E.  of 
Dijon,  on  the  Doubs,  and  on  the  Canal  of  the  Rhone  and  Rhine, 
at  the  junction  of  several  railways.  It  is  a  strongly  fortified 
city,  and  is  well  built.  The  chief  edifices  are  a  Gothic  cathe- 
dral, court-house,  town  hall,  college,  arsenal,  hosj)ital,  bar- 
racks, theatre,  public  library,  and  museum.  There  are 
many  Roman  antiquities,  comprising  a  triumphal  arch 
and  tho  remains  of  an  aqueduct  and  amphitheatre.  It  is 
an  archbishop's  see,  and  the  seat  of  an  academie  itniversi- 
tuire,  diocesan  school,  academy  of  sciences  and  arts,  schools 
of  artillery  and  medicine,  and  deaf  and  dumb  institutions. 
It  is  the  centre  of  an  extensive  manufacture  of  watches, 
jewelry,  artificial  flowers,  porcelain,  druggets,  carpets,  and 
iron  wire,  and  has  largo  breweries.  It  has  a  large  trade. 
This  city  is  very  ancient,  and  was  a  fortified  place  in  the 
time  of  Caesar.  It  was  coded  to  Spain  by  the  peace  of 
Westphalia.  It  was  twice  taken  by  Louis  XIV.,  and  was 
united  to  France  in  1678.     Pop.  in  1886.  56,511. 

Besborough  (b5s'bur-ruh)  Island,  Alaska,  is  in 
Norton  Sound,  about  lat.  64°  6'  N.,  Ion.  161°  10'  W. 

Bes'emer's  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tompkins  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Ithaca  &  Elmira  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Ithaca. 
Bes'et,  a  station  in  Ford  co..  111.,  on  the  Oilman,  Clin- 
ton &  Springfield  Railroad,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Gilman. 

Besnek,  bi-shek',  or  Bctschik,  bit-shik'  (anc.  Bolhe), 
a  lake  of  Turkey,  in  Macedonia,  a  little  E.  of  the  Gulf  of 
Orphano,  and  20  miles  E.  of  Salonica.  Length,  about  14 
miles;  breadth,  4  miles. 

Bcshetsk,  b&^shStsk',  or  Bjcshetsk,  b'y^'shdtsk',  a 
town  of  Russia,  government  and  70  miles  N.N.W.  of  Tver. 
Pon.  4621. 

Beshika,  Bechika,  besh'^-ki,  or  Bes'ika,  a  bay  or 
roadstead,  between  the  coast  of  Asia  Minor  and  the  N.  end 
of  th«  isle  of  Tenedos. 

Besidia;,  the  ancient  name  of  Bisionano. 
Besigheim,  bi'sla-hime*,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  at 
the  confluence  of  the  Neckar  and  the  Enz,  on  a  railway,  15 
miles  N.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  2364. 

Besika  Bay,  Asia  Minor.    See  Beshika. 
Besni,  bfis'nee  (anc.  NisiiHf),  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  30 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Someisat.     Pop.  10,000. 
Bespcki)  a  town  and  province  of  Java.    See  Bezoeki. 


Bcssan,  bds-s&.N«',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  \\k. 
rault,  11  miles  E.  of  B^ziers,  on  the  H6raijlt.     Pop.  2637, 

Bessarabia,  bis-s^-rA'be-a  or  b6s-s4-r4'bc  i,  a  govern- 
ment  of  Russia,  bounded  E.  by  the  government  of  KhorBon 
N.E.  and  N.  by  Podolia,  W.  by  the  Pruth,  and  S.  by  the  Dan- 
ube and  Black  Sea.  Area,  18,207  square  miles.  The  sur- 
face  is  uniformly  low  and  flat,  except  in  the  N.,  where  it  ii 
traversed  by  some  of  the  contreforts  of  the  Carpathians ;  tho 
climate  is  healthy,  and  the  soil  very  fertile.  The  principal 
rivers  are  the  Pruth  on  the  W.  and  the  Dniester  on  tho  E. 
frontier.  Wheat,  barley,  maize,  millet,  tobacco,  hcmj),  and 
flax  are  raised,  as  well  as  all  kinds  of  fruit,  and  wines  of 
good  quality;  but  the  greater  proportion  of  profitable  land 
is  in  pasturage.  The  manufactures  are  nearly  confined  tc 
sonji,  leather,  candles,  and  spirituous  liquors.  The  princi- 
pal exports  are  wool,  cattle,  tallow,  salt,  and  cheese.  Th» 
chief  towns  are  Kishenev,  Bender,  Akerman,  Ismail,  and 
Kilia.  Bessarabia  was  ceded  by  Turkey  to  Russia  in  1812j 
by  the  peace  of  1856  a  portion  was  united  to  Rouiiiania; 
but  this  was  reclaimed  by  Iliis.-ia  in  1878.  Pop.  1,348,932. 
Bessasstadir,  bds-s&s-ti'deer ?,  or  Bcssestad,  b{«'. 
SQS-tAd*,  a  small  town  of  Iceland,  on  the  sea-coast,  S.W.  of 
Keikiavik,  with  a  gymnasium  and  a  library. 

Bess'enier,  a  city  and  railroad  centre  of  .TefTerson  oo., 
Ala.,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Birmingham.  It  contains  6  churches, 
2  banks,  extensive  blast-furnaces,  a  large  rolling-mill,  (500 
blinds),  a  foundry  and  machine-shop,  a  planing-mill,  Ic. 
The  town  is  supplied  with  water  by  the  Holly  system. 
Three  newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop.  in  1890,  4544. 
Bessemer,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Gogebic  co.,  .Mich,, 
in  an  iron-mining  district,  near  Lake  Superior,  46  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Ashland,  Wis.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  and  2 
newspaper  ofiices.     Pop.  2566. 

Bessemer,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  and  on  the  Pittsburg  <fc  Connells- 
ville  Railroad,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Bessenay,  b6s\s^h-n<\',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Rhone,  13  miles  W.  of  Lyons.     Pop.  2100. 

Bess6-sur-Braye,  bSs'si'suR-brA,  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  Sarthe,  6  miles  S.  of  St.-Calais.     Pop.  2156, 
Bessines,bfis\seen',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ilaute-Vienne, 
on  a  railway,  10  miles  E.  of  Bellac.     Pop.  2701, 

Bessungen,  bds-soong'^n,  a  southern  suburb  of  the 
city  of  Darmstadt,  in  Hesse,  Germany.     Pop.  5795. 

Bess'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bollinger  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  k  Southern  Eailroad,  125  miles  S, 
of  St.  Louis, 

Best,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  in  Washington 
township,  on  the  Berks  &  Lehigh  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of 
Slatington.     It  has  a  church. 

Best  Bot'tom,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Mc, 
on  the  Missouri  River,  IJ  miles  from  Gasconade  Station. 
It  has  2  churches. 
Bestieros,  a  town  of  Portugal.    See  Tondei.la, 
Best'land,  a  post-ofiice  of  Essex  co.,  Va. 
Best's,  a  station  in  Wayne  co.,  N.C.,  on  tho  Atlantic  k 
North  Carolina  Railroad,  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Goldsborough. 
Besuki,  a  town  of  Java.     See  Bezoeki. 
Besulpore,  a  town  of  India.    See  Beesulpoor. 
Besztercze-Banya,  Hungary.   See  Neusohl. 
Be'ta,  a  post-office  of  Fulton  co.,  0.,  about  30  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Toledo. 

Bet'aghstown  (vulgar,  Bettt/Htown),  a  village  of  Ire- 
land, CO.  of  Meath,  on  the  coast,  3  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of 
Drogheda. 

Betaisor,  bA-ti-sore',  a  town  and  place  of  pilgrimage  in 
British  India,  35  miles  S.E.  of  Agra,  on  the  Jumna.  Near 
it  are  remains  of  an  ancient  Hindoo  city. 

Betanzos,  bi-tin'thoce  (anc.  Fla'vium  Brigan'tium), 
a  town  of  Spiiin,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Corunna,  on  the  river  of 
the  same  name,  near  the  Bay  of  Betanzos.     Pop.  5832. 
Betchuannas,  a  nation  of  Africa.    See  Bf.ciiuanas. 
Beteta,  bi-ti'ti,  a  village  of  Spain,  48  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Cuenca.     It  has  mineral  springs.     Pop.  1100. 

Bethab'ara,  a  Moravian  village  of  Forsyth  co.,  N.C., 
5  miles  from  Salem.     It  has  a  church. 

BeHhal'to,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  III.,  on  the 
Indianapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Alton.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  printing-office,  and  2 
flour-mills.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Betha'nia,  a  post-village  of  Forsyth  co.,  N.C.,  8  miles 
N.W.  of  Salem,  and  about  40  miles  N.  of  Salisbury.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Bethany,  beth'a-ne  (Arab.  El-Azireeh  or  Lnznreftjeli), 
a  village  of  Palestine,  on  the  E.  slope  of  the  Mount  of 
Olives,  2  miles  E.  of  .Jerusalem.  It  is  now  a  poor  jilace, 
inhabited  by  some  20  families.    The  inhabitante  show  the 


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pretended  sites  of  the  houses  of  Lazarus,  of  Martha,  of 
Sin  on  the  leper,  and  of  Mary  Magdalene.  The  alleged 
tomb  of  Lazarus,  a  large  excavation  in  the  rock,  is  also 
pointed  out.  Of  Bethphage,  a  village  formerly  a  little 
fartber  E.,  no  trace  exists. 

Uetli'any,  a  post-village  of  Pickens  co.,  Ala.,  10  miles 
g.  of  Carrollton. 

Bethany,  a  post-hamlet  of  San  Joaquin  co.,  Cal.,  77 
miles  by  rail,  or  about  40  miles  direct,  E.  of  San  Francisco. 
It  has  several  stores. 

Bethany,  a  post-township  of  New  Haven  co..  Conn., 
about  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  New  Haven,  is  bounded  on  the 
W.  by  Naugatuck  River.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  1135. 

Bethany,  a  post- village  of  Moultrie  co.,  Ill ,  23  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Mattoon.  It  has  4  churches,  manufac- 
tures of  flour,  tile,  and  brick,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper 
office.  Pop.  900.  Bethany  is  also  the  name  of  a  hamlet 
in  Christian  co.,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Edinburgh  Station. 

Bethany,  Bartholomew  co.,  Ind.    See  South  Bethany. 

Bethany,  a  hamlet  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.,  about  34  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Terre  Haute. 

Bethany,  a  township  of  Osborne  co.,  Kan.,  on  the  North 
Fork  of  Solomon  River,  about  60  miles  N.  of  Russell. 

Bethany,  a  post-hamlet  of  Owen  co.,  Ky.,  12  miles  S. 
by  E.  of  Oweuton.     It  has  several  stores. 

Bethany,  a  post-village  of  Caddo  parish,  La.,  6  miles 
from  (ireenwood  Railroad  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bethany,  a  township  of  Gratiot  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  1063. 

Bethany,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Harrison  co..  Mo., 
in  Bethany  township,  and  on  Big  Creek,  about  62  miles 
N.E.  of  St.  Joseph.  It  has  2  banks,  3  churches,  a  high 
school,  and  2  newspaper  offices.  Pop.  about  1200 ;  of  town- 
ship, 2460. 

Bethany,  a  hamlet  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  at  Holmdel 
Sjtation  on  the  New  York  &  Long  Branch  Railroad,  7  miles 
S.E.  of  South  Amboy. 

Bethany,  a  post-village  of  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Beth- 
any township,  about  38  miles  E.  of  Buffiilo,  and  7  miles 
6,S.E.  of  Batavia.  It  has  2  or  3  stores.  The  township 
contains  a  village  named  Linden,  and  has  5  churches  and 
a  population  of  1573. 

Bethany,  a  post-office  of  Davidson  co.,  N.C. 

Bethany,  a  township  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  506. 

Bethany,  a  post-village  of  Butler  co.,  C,  in  Liberty 
tiiwnsliip,  about  10  miles  E.  of  Hamilton.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  98. 

Bethany,  a  post-borough  of  Wayne  co..  Pa.,  3  or  4 
miles  N.  of  Ilonesdale.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  202. 

Bethany  (Tarr's  Post-Office),  a  village  of  Westmore- 
land CO.,  Pa.,  in  East  Huntingdon  township,  on  the  South- 
west Pennsylvania  Railroad,  11  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Greens- 
burg.  It  has  a  church,  a  distillery,  a  flour-mill,  a  coal-mine, 
and  about  40  houses. 

Bethany,  a  post-office  of  York  co.,  S.C. 

Bethany,  a  post-village  of  Brooke  co.,  W.  Va.,  about 
15  miles  N.E.  of  Wheeling,  and  6  miles  E.  of  the  Ohio 
River.  It  has  2  churches.  Hero  is  Bethany  College 
(Christian),  which  was  founded  in  1841  by  Alexander 
Campbell,  and  has  9  professors  and  about  125  students. 

Bethany,  a  post-village  in  Durham  co.,  Ontario,  24 
miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Port  Hope.  It  has  a  weekly 
newspaper  and  3  churches.     Pop.  300. 

Bethany  Church,  a  hamlet  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C,  C 
miles  N.E.  of  Statesville.    It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Bethayres,  beth^airz',  a  post-village  in  Montgomery 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  New  York  division  of  the  Philadelphia  & 
Beading  Railroad,  at  the  cro.esing  of  the  Philadelphia  & 
Newtown  Railroad,  15  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Philadelphia.  It 
has  a  church.     Pop.  about  .SOO. 

Bethel,  bSth'el  (Arab.  Beiteen  or  Beitin,  bi'teen'),  a 
rained  town  of  Palestine,  10  miles  N.  of  Jerusalem,  Its 
remains  consist  of  many  ruined  churches  and  a  large  reser- 
voir, the  whole  covering  three  or  four  acres  on  a  liill-summit. 

Beth'el,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilcox  co.,  Ala.,  about  50 
miles  S.W.  of  Selma.     It  has  2  churches  and  2  stores. 

Bethel,  a  post-village  of  Fairfleldr  co..  Conn.,  in  Bethel 
township,  and  on  the  Danbury  &  Norwalk  Railroad,  at  its 
.iunction  with  the  Shepaug  Railroad,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Dan- 
bury,  and  about  28  miles  W.  by  N.  from  New  Haven.  It 
has  a  graded  school,  3  churches,  and  extensive  manufac- 
tures of  hats,  boots,  shoes,  tin- ware,  and  bandboxes.  Pop. 
of  (he  village  in  1890,  2335;  of  the  township,  3401. 

Bethel,  a  post-village  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  about  5  miles 
S.  of  Seaford  and  3  miles  N.W.  of  Laurel.  It  contains  2 
churches  and  several  stores.  Ship-building  is  carried  on 
here.     Pop.  400. 

Bethel,  a  post-village  of  Morgan  co.,  III.,  in  Bethel 


township,  1  mile  from  Chapin  Station,  and  11  miles  W.  of 
Jacksonville.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  steam  mill.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1468. 

Bethel,  a  township  of  Posey  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  581. 

Bethel,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.,  in  Franklin 
township,  about  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Richmond.  It  has  sev- 
eral churches. 

Bethel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyandotte  co..  Kansas,  on  tho 
Kansas  City,  Wyandotte  &,  Northwestern  Railroad,  10  miles 
W.  of  Kansas  City. 

Bethel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bath  co.,  Ky.,  12  miles  S.E. 
of  Carlisle,  and  about  40  miles  N.E.  of  Lexington.  It  has 
3  churches,  an  academy,  and  several  stores  and  other  busi- 
ness concerns.     Pop.  about  150. 

Bethel,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Bethel 
township,  Oxford  co..  Me.,  on  tho  Androscoggin  River,  and 
on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  70  miles  N.N.W.  of  Portland. 
It  contains  an  academy,  a  savings-bank,  several  churches, 
and  a  superior  hotel.  It  has  manufactures  of  lumber, 
leather,  starch,  Ac.  It  is  surrounded  by  fine  mountain 
scenery.     The  township  has  6  churches.     Pop.  2286. 

Bethel,  a  post-township  of  Branch  co.,  Mich.,  about  65 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Lansing.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Lako 
Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad.     Pop.  1348. 

Bethel,  a  post-office  of  Anoka  co.,  Minn.,  in  Bethel 
township,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Minneapolis.  Pop.  of  th« 
township,  310. 

Bethel,  a  post-office  of  Jones  co..  Miss. 

Bethel,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co..  Mo.,  on  North 
River,  5  miles  N.  of  Shelby ville,  and  about  38  miles  W.N. W. 
of  Hannib.al.  It  has  2  churches,  a  steam  flour-mill,  and  a 
tannery.     Pop.  about  300;  of  Bethel  township,  1224. 

Bethel,  a  village  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.,  8  miles  S.  of 
Little  Falls.  It  has  a  cheese-factory  and  one  church.  Pop.  75. 

Bethel,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Bethel 
township,  10  miles  from  Cochecton  Railroad  Station,  and 
about  50  miles  W.  by  N.  from  Ncwburg.  It  has  a  church. 
The  township  contains  villages  named  Mongaup  Valley  and 
AVhito  Lake.     Butter  is  its  staple  product.     Pop.  2674. 

Bethel,  a  township  of  Cabarrus  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1095. 

Bethel,  a  township  of  Perquimans  co.,  N.C.  Pop.  1128. 
The  hamlet  of  Bethel,  5  miles  S.  of  Hertford,  has  a  church 
and  2  mills. 

Bethel,  a  post-village  of  Pitt  eo.,  N.C,  14  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Tarborough.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  600. 

Bethel,  a  post-village  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  in  Tate  town- 
ship, about  28  miles  E.  by  S.  from  Cincinnati,  and  11  miles 
from  New  Richmond.  It  has  4  churches,  a  tannery,  a  grist- 
mill, a  brush-factory,  a  cigar-factory,  <fco.     Pop.  634. 

Bethel,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  0.  Pop.  1801.  It 
contains  Brandt  and  Charleston. 

Bethel,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  0.  Pop.  1284.  It 
contains  Lebanon  and  Masterton. 

Bethel,  a  station  in  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.  See  IIaunsbuho. 

Bethel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  Oregon,  10  or  11 
miles  N.W.  of  Salem.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bethel,  a  post-township  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  about  22 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Reading.  It  comprises  part  of  the  Kit- 
tatinny  Mountain.     Pop.  2285. 

Bethel,  a  township  of  Delaware  co..  Pa.  Pop.  554. 
It  contains  Booth's  Corner  and  Chelsea,  and  has  2  churches. 
Clayton,  Del.,  3  miles  distant,  is  the  nearest  station. 

Bethel,  a  township  of  Fulton  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  861. 

Bethel,  a  township  of  Lebanon  CO.,  Pa.  Pop.2272.  It 
contains  Fredericksburg. 

Bethel,  a  borough  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  in  Shenango 
township,  7  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Sharpsburg.  It  has  a  steam 
grist-mill,  a  planing-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  coal-hoisting 
works.     Coal  abounds  here.     Here  is  Wheeler  Post-Office. 

Bethel,  a  hamlet  in  Ilopkinton  township,  Washington 
CO.,  R.I.,  is  J  mile  from  Ashaway  village,  and  has  a  woollen- 
mill.     Pop.  60. 

Bethel,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co.,  S.C,  about  8  miles 
N.  of  Yorkville.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Bethel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Giles  co.,Tenn.,  about  45  miles 
S.  of  Columbia.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Bethel,  McNairy  co.,  Tenn.    See  Bethel  Springs. 

Bethel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anderson  co.,  Tex.,  about  20 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Palestine. 

Bethel,  a  post-village  of  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  in  Bethel 
township,  on  White  River,  and  on  the  Central  Vermont  Rail- 
road, 37  miles  S.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  ivory  buttons,  flour, 
and  lumber.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1817. 

Bethel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  W.  Va.,  10  miles 
S.  of  Princeton. 


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Dothel  Academy^  a  poiit-ofBoe  and  academy  of  Fau- 
qaicr  co.,  Va.,  4  niiloa  from  Warrenton. 

Uctlii*!  Church,  Chiibomo  co.,  Miu.,  is  13  miles  S.W. 
•f  Port  Uib«on.     Hero  is  a  church. 

Bethel  College.    See  MacKrnzib,  Tenn. 

Bethel  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.  Y., 
in  Ira  township,  2i  miles  from  Ini  Station.  It  has  a  church, 
and  manufacturps  of  dairy  products. 

Bethel  Hill,  a  po!<t-hamlet  of  Person  oo.,  N.C.,  13 
miles  fruin  8oiith  ISoston,  Va.     It  has  an  academy. 

Bethel  Springs,  a  hamlet  of  Union  parish,  La.,  60 
niles  N.W.  of  Monroe.  It  has  a  church,  a  high  school,  a 
tannery,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Bethel  Springs,  n  po?t-villageof  McNairyco.,  Tcnn., 
«n  the  Mobile  A  Ohio  Railroad,  at  Bethel  Station,  23  miles 
K.  of  Corinth,  Miss.  It  hns  6  cburohes,  a  high  school  or 
academy,  lumber-yard,  2  stenm  gins,  2  horse-power  gins, 
and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  .800. 

Bethel  Station,  a  po^t-hamlct  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Dutchess  &  Columbia  Kailroad,  48  miles  N.E.  of 
Neu'burg.     It  has  2  churchcH. 

Bethes'da,  a  town  of  Brecknockshire,  Wales,  4  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Bangor.     It  has  slate-works.     Pop.  6297. 

Bethes'da,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md. 

Bethesda,  a  post-village  of  Belmont  oo.,  0.,  at  Burr's 
Mill  Ilailroad  Station.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  graded 
school.     Pop.  about  400. 

Bethesaa,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  in  Mar- 
tio  township,  2i  miles  from  McCall's  Ferry,  which  is  on  the 
Susquehanna  llivcr.     It  has  a  church. 

Bethesda,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  B.C.     Pop.  767. 

Bethesda,  a  township  of  York  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  2997. 

Bethesda,  a  post-hamlet  of  Williamson  co.,  Tcnn.,  8 
miles  from  Thompson  Kailroad  Station.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  plough-factory. 

Bethgelert,  a  parish  of  Wales.    See  Beddgelart. 

Beth-Uo'ron,  Upper  and  Lower  (Arab.  Beitoor-cl- 
Fuka,  bA.*tooR'-el-fO'ki,  and  Beitoor-el-Tahta,  bA.'tooK'-el- 
tjlii't^),  two  villages  of  Palestine,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Jerusa- 
lem. In  the  former  are  some  traces  of  ancient  walls,  a 
reservoir,  4c.,  and  between  the  two  villages  is  a  pass,  down 
which  Joshua  drove  the  Amorite  kings  (Joshua  x.  1-11), 
and  through  which  has  always  been  the  main  route  for 
heavy  transport  between  Jerusalem  and  the  coast. 

Beth'ia,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  767. 

Bethlehem,  bfith'le-hem  {Beit-el- Lehm,  the  "  house  of 
bread"),  a  city  of  Palestine,  memorable  as  the  birthplace 
of  the  Founder  of  Christianity.  It  stands  SJ  miles  S.W. 
of  Jerusalem.  Its  people  are  nearly  all  Christians,  who 
liave  successfully  resisted  Turkish  oppression.  It  is  a  large, 
straggling  village,  with  one  broad  street,  at  the  extremity 
of  which  there  is  a  magnificent  church,  erected  in  the  fourth 
century  by  the  Empress  Helena,  over  the  site  (the  "Grotto 
of  the  Nativity")  traditionally  celebrated  for  the  birth  of 
the  Saviour,  and  attached  to  which  are  large  convents,  be- 
longing to  Roman  Catholics,  Greeks,  and  Armenians.  All 
around  are  a  multitude  of  chapels,  erected  as  memorials  of 
events  commemorated  in  sacred  history,  and  numerous  res- 
ervoirs and  springs  to  which  sacred  traditions  are  attached. 
On  the  W.  side  of  the  town  are  the  remains  of  the  ancient 
aqueduct  which  conveyed  water  to  Jerusalem  from  several 
pools  near  Bethlehem.  The  country  around  is  extremely 
fruitful,  to  which  circumstance,  doubtless,  the  town  origi- 
nally owed  its  name.     Pop.  3000. 

Beth'lehem,  a  post-township  of  Litchfield  co.,  Conn., 
about  30  miles  N.W.  of  New  Haven.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
woollen-mill,  <fec.     Pop.  750. 

Bethlehem,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  993. 

Bethlehem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarke  oo.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  about  18  miles  below  Madison.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  about  50.     Pop.  of  Bethlehem  township,  763. 
'  Bethlehem,formcrnameofCarmel,  Hamilton  co.,  Ind. 

Bethlehem,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Union  township,  about  50  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ottumwa.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  mill. 

Bethlehem,  a  station  in  Hardin  co.,  Ky.,on  the  Louis- 
ville <t  Paducah  Railroad,  43  miles  S.  of  Louisville.  Here 
is  St.  John  Post-Office. 

Bethlehem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  Ky.,  about 
45  miles  E.N.E.  of  Louisville.  It  has  a  church,  a  public 
school,  and  several  stores,  Ac.     Pop.  about  200. 

Bethlehem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caroline  co.,  Md.,  7  miles 
from  Enston,and  2  miles  from  the  Choptank.  It  has  a  church. 

Bethlehem,  a  post-village  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Bethlehem  township,  on  the  Ammonoosuc  River,  3  miles 
fVom  Bethlehem  Station  on  the  Boston,  Concord  &  Mon- 
treal Railroad  (Mt.  Washington  Branch),  124  miles  N.  of 


Concord,  and  22  miles  W.  of  Mt.  Washington.  It  has  « 
superior  hotel,  the  Sinclair  House,  and  sevenvl  large  board- 
ing-houses.    Pop.  of  the  township  in  ISUO,  1267. 

Bethlehem,  a  township  of  Hunterdon  oo.,  N.J.,  oa 
the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey  (Valley  Station),  about 
12  miles  from  Kaeton,  Pa.  The  township  has  6  churches. 
It  contains  a  village  named  Bloomsbury.  Pop.  of  town- 
ship, 2308. 

Bethlehem,  a  township  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
3763.  It  is  contiguous  to  the  city  of  Albany.  See  Beth. 
LEiiEM  Centre.  Bethlehem  Station  is  on  the  Athens  k 
Schencctadv  Railroad,  22  miles  from  Schenectady. 

Bethlehem,  n  township  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.  Pop. 
860.     It  contains  Warsaw. 

Bethlehem,  a  township  of  Stark  co.,  0.  Pop.  2148. 
It  contains  Navarre. 

Bethlehem,  a  post-borough  and  summer  resort  of 
Northampton  co..  Pa.,  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  left  bunk 
of  the  Lehigh  River,  and  in  Bethlehem  township,  5  miles 
£.  of  Allentown,  55  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia,  and  12  milet 
S.W.  of  Easton.  It  is  the  N.  terminus  of  the  North  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  which  hero  connects  with  the  Lehigh 
Valley  Railroad  and  the  Lehigh  &  Susquehanna  Railroad. 
The  Lehigh  &  Lackawanna  Railroad  extends  from  thi.4  place 
northward.  It  was  founded  by  the  Moravians  in  1741,  and 
has  a  school  called  Moravian  Seminary  for  Young  Ludie.s, 
and  a  Moravian  theological  seminary.  One  daily,  and  1' 
weekly  newspaper,  and  a  monthly  Moravian  periodical  in 
German,  are  published  here.  Bethlehem  has  2  national 
banks,  13  churches,  and  several  breweries,  tanneries,  end 
mills.  A  bridge  across  the  river  connects  this  town  with 
South  Bethlthem,  the  seat  of  Lehigh  University  (Protestant 
Episcopal),  which  was  founded  in  1866  by  Asa  Packer,  who 
gave  it  an  endowment  of  $500,000.  In  the  vicinity  are 
zinc-works,  iron-furnaces,  rolling-mills,  ko.  Pop.  in  1890, 
6762;  including  South  Bethlehem,  17,064. 

Bethlehem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Florence  co.,  S.C,  22 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Sumter. 

Bethlehem  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albany  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Bethlehem  township,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Albany. 

Bethlehem  Hollow,  Grafton  co.,  N.U.,  is  at  Beth- 
lehem Station.    Ske  Bethlehem. 

Beth'nal  Green,  an  Eastern  suburb  of  London,  oo. 
of  Middlesex,  England.     Pop.  120,104. 

Beth'page,  a  post-office  of  McDonald  co.,  Mo. 

Betlipage,  a  village  in  Oyster  Bay  township,  Quceni 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Long  Island  Central  Railroad,  31  milcj 
S.E.  from  Long  Island  City.    It  has  manufactures  of  brick. 

Bethpage,  a  post-village  of  Sumner  co.,  Tenn.,  11 
miles  N.  of  Gallatin.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a 
tobacco-factory. 

Bethpage  Junction,  in  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  is  on  the 
Central  Railroad,  29  miles  from  Long  Island  City,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Bethpago  Branch. 

Bethsaida  (bfith-si'j-da)  of  Galilee,  an  ancienttown 
of  Palestine,  which  probably  stood  on  the  shore  of  Lake 
Tiberias ;  but  its  site  is  undetermined. 

Bethsaida  of  Gauloni'tis  (afterwards  Ju'Uaa)  was 
on  the  N.E.  side  of  Lake  Tiberias,  21  miles  S.  of  Pancasj 
it  is  now  wholly  in  ruins. 

Bethshan,  a  village  of  Palestine.    See  Beisak. 

Beth-She'mesh,  an  ancient  city  of  Palestine,  the 
remains  of  which  are  supposed  by  Robinson  to  be  at  Ain 
6hems,  &  village  15  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Jerusalem,  where  are 
extensive  ancient  ruins. 

B^thnne,  biHUn',  a  strongly  fortified  town  of  France, 
department  of  Pas-de-Calais,  at  a  railway  junction,  20  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Arras.  It  has  a  castle,  college,  Gothic  church, 
and  commerce  in  cheese,  grain,  oil,  and  lint.     Pop.  4594. 

Bet'ick,  in  Central  Asia,  is  an  important  ferry  across 
the  Amoo-Darya,  60  miles  S.W.  of  Bokhara.  The  river 
here  is  650  yards  across  and  from  25  to  29  feet  in  depth. 

Betisbooka,  or  Betisbouka,  bA-tis-boo'k/l,  a  con- 
siderable river  of  Madagascar,  enters  Mozambique  Channel 
(Bembatooka  Bay)  on  its  N.W.  coast.  About  15  miles  from 
its  mouth  it  enlarges  into  a  gulf  with  numerous  islands. 

Betlis,  or  Bedlis,  Asiatic  Turkey.    See  Bitlis. 

Betluga,  or  Bctlouga.    See  Vetlooga. 

Betogabra,  a  city  of  Palestine.    See  Er.EtTTHEnorous 

Betsiamites,  b^t'sc-i'meot',  or  Bersimis,  bfiu'so'- 
mee',  a  river  in  Saguenay  co.,  Quebec,  falls  into  the  estuary 
of  the  St.  Lawrence,  200  miles  below  Quebec.  At  its  mouth 
are  great  deposits  of  black  iron-sand.  The  Betsiamites  pro- 
duces very  large  salmon.     See  Bersimis. 

Bettemburg,  bSt't5m-b»iRg\  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, at  a  railway  junction^  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Luxemburg. 
Pop.  1210. 


BET 


641 


BET 


ettendorf,  bSt't?n-doRr,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
ids,  in  Luxemburg,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Diekirch.  Pop.  IIUO. 
ettenhausen,  b5t't§n-how*z§n,  a  village  of  Prussia, 
ieder-Hessen,  on  the  Losse.  Pop.  1103. 
ettenhausen,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Saxe-Meinin- 
gen,  on  the  Ilerpf,  near  Meiningen.     Pop.  804. 

llet'terton,  a  hamlet  and  shipping-point  of  Kent  co., 
Md.,  on  Chesapeake  Bay,  4J  miles  from  Still  Pond  Railroad 
Station.     It  has  a  church  and  a  steamboat-landing. 

1  Bettiah,  b§t-tee'a.,  a  town  of  India,  Chumparun  district, 
Bengal,  95  miles  N.N.W.  of  Patna.  It  is  the  residence  of 
the  Maharajah  of  Bettiah,  and  has  a  Catholic  mission  and  a 
dispensary.     Pop.  19,708. 

Bet'tieville,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn.,  2i  miles 
Irom  Woodstock  Railroad  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bettlern,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Zebrak. 

Betts'burg,  a  hamlet  of  Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  2  miles 
from  Afton. 

Bettschwanden,  b5tch'w3,n-d9n,  a  village  of  Switzer- 
land, 7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Glarus,  on  the  Linth.     Pop.  231. 

Betts'ville,  a  post-village  of  Seneca  co.,  0.,  in  Liberty 
township,  on  the  Toledo,  Tiffin  <fc  Eastern  Railroad,  9  milos 
N.N.W.  of  Tiffin,  and  33  miles  from  Toledo.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  planing-mill,  and  a  sash-  and 
blind-factory.     Pop.  500. 

Betwah,  bfit'wd,  a  river  of  Ilindostan,  rises  in  the  Vind- 
hyan  Mountains,  Bhopaul,  flows  mostly  N.E.,  and,  after  a 
total  course  of  360  mile«,  joins  the  Jumna,  30  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Kalpee. 

BctuI,  a  district  and  town  of  India,     See  Baitool. 
.  Betulletum,  the  Latin  name  of  La  Bioi.le:. 

Ueulah,  bu'la,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Ala.,  15  miles 
N.E.  of  Opelika.  ' 

Beulah,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clayton  eo.,  Iowa,  on  the 
i  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of 
i  McGregor. 

I  Beulah,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Sheridan  township,  on  the  Missouri  River,  Fort  Scott  & 
Gulf  Railroad,  31  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Fort  Scott.     It  has 

2  churches  and  a  common  school.     Pop.  about  100. 
Beulah,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dorchester  co.,  Md.,  about 

14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Easton. 

Beulah,  post-village  of  Bolivar  co.,  Miss.,  5  miles  from 
Riverton  Railroad  Station.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  jail. 

Beulah,  a  township  of  Johnston  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1105, 

Beulah,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  French 
Broad  River. 

Beulah,  G#ochland  eo.,  Va.    See  Bula. 

Beulah,  a  post-office  of  Prince  William  co.,  Va. 

Beulahville,  a  post-office  of  King  William  co.,  Va. 

Bculaville,  bu'la-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Duplin  co., 
N.C,  in  Limestone  township,  17  miles  from  Magnolia. 

Beusichem,  bo'ze-K5m\  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Gelderland,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Thiol.     Pop.  1731. 

Beutelsbach,boi't?ls-bJ,K\a  town  of  WUrtemberg,  on 
the  Beutel,  10  miles  E.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1377. 

Beuthen,  boi'ten,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  50  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Oppein,  near  the  Polish  frontier.  It  has 
I  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths,  glass,  earthenwares,  and 
line-wares.     Pop.  15,710. 

Beuthen,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  on  the  Oder,  and 
on  a  railway,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Glogau.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  cloths  and  straw  hats.     Pop.  3826. 

Beuzeville,  buzVeel',  a  town  of  France,  in  Euro,  7 
miles  W.  of  Pont-Audemer.     Pop.  2455. 

Bevagna,  bi-vln'yi,  a  town  of  Italy,  18  miles  S.E.  of 
Perugia.     Pop.  481. 

Be'vans,  a  post-office  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  7  miles  from 
Branch ville  Station. 

Bevedcro,  bi-vi-d<\'ro,  a  considerable  lake  in  the  Ar- 
gentine Republic,  province  of  Mendoza,  between  lat.  32° 
45'  and  34°  17  S.,  Ion.  66°  and  66°  32'  W.  It  is  composed 
of  two  distinct  portions,  called  the  Greater  and  the  Less 
Bevedero,  connected  by  a  river-channel  about  8  miles  long. 
The  smallest,  and  most  northerly,  measures  about  22  by  15 
miles ;  and  the  larger,  40  miles  from  N.  to  S.,  and  from  3  to 
25  miles  from  E.  to  W. 

Bev'eland  (North  and  South)  (Dutch  pron.  bi'v§- 
llnf),  two  islands  of  the  Netherlands,  province  of  Zealand, 
in  the  mouth  of  the  Scheldt,  divided  westward  by  a  narrow 
channel  from  the  island  of  Walcheren.  Estimated  aggre- 
gate area,  120  square  miles.  South  Beveland  is  the  largest 
and  most  fertile,  and  has  on  it  the  town  of  Goes,  the  capital, 
and  Fort  Bath. 

Bevensen,  b4'v?n-sen,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover, 
13  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  LUneburg.     Pop.  1613. 

Bcveren,  a  town  of  Belgium.    See  Bevern. 


Beverley,  bSv'§r-le,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
capital  of  the  East  Riding,  with  a  station  on  the  Hull  is 
Bridgewater  Railway,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Hull.  The  minster, 
or  college  church,  was  founded  about  a.d.  700,  by  the  Arch- 
bishop of  York,  St.  John  of  Beverley.  The  present  struc- 
ture is  remarkable  for  elegance  and  extent :  its  W.  front  has 
been  considered  the  finest  specimen  of  the  perpendicular 
Gothic  in  England.  St.  Mary's  church  is  also  a  magnificent 
structure.  The  town  has  a  very  ancient  grammar-school,  a 
blue-coat  school,  a  hospital  for  widows,  with  numerous 
other  charities,  varied  manufactures,  a  theatre,  reading- 
rooms,  a  mechanics'  institution,  and  a  fine  market-cross. 
Its  trade  is  facilitated  by  a  canal  communicating  with  the 
river  Hull.     It  is  the  seat  of  a  Catholic  bishop.     Pop.  12,539. 

Beverley,  a  village  of  Ontario.    See  Delta. 

Beverloo,  bi'v?r-lo',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
of  Liuibourg,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Hasselt.     Pop.  1140. 

Bev'erly,a  post-hamlet  of  Sebastian  co..  Ark.,  12  miles 
from  Alma  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  steam  flouring-inill. 

Beverly,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co.,  111.,  in  Beverly 
township,  about  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Quincy.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  town  hall.     Pop.  of  township,  1173. 

Beverly,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co.,  Kansas,  10  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Lincoln.     It  has  two  churches.     Pop.  225. 

Beverly,  a  post-hamlet  of  Christian  co.,  Ky.,  8  miles 
from  Hopkinsville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  high  school. 

Beverly,  a  post-village  of  Essex  Co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
"North  Shore,"  and  on  a  bay  or  inlet  of  the  Atlantic,  18 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Boston,  2  miles  N.N.E.  of  Salem,  at 
the  junction  of  the  Gloucester  and  Rockport  Branch.  It 
is  separated  from  Salem  by  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  which  is 
crossed  by  2  bridges.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  a  national 
bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  high  school,  a  public  library  of 
11,000  volumes,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  masonic  lodge,  manu- 
factures of  shoes  and  shoe  machinery,  carriages,  morocco, 
potters'  ware,  bricks,  machinery,  and  wood  and  paper 
boxes.  Many  of  the  inhabitants  are  employed  in  naviga- 
tion and  the  fisheries.  Beverly  owns  about  80  vessels  en- 
gaged in  the  cod-fishery.  The  township  has  11  churches. 
Pop.  of  town  in  1890,  10,821. 

Beverly,  a  post-office  of  Macon  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Han- 
nibal &  St.  Joseph  Railroad  (at  Round  Grove  Station),  7 
miles  E.  of  Macon. 

Beverly,  Platte  co..  Mo.    See  Beverly  Station. 

Beverly,  a  city  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Dela- 
ware River,  on  the  Amboy  division  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  15  miles  above  Philadelphia.  It  contains  7 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  numerous  residences  and 
cottages  of  persons  who  do  business  in  Philadelphia.  It 
has  boarding-schools  and  manufactures  of  woollen  goods, 
shirts,  shoemaker-tools,  bed-springs,  <fec.  Pop.  in  1880, 
1759;  in  1890,  1957.  Here  in  the  National  Cemetery  is  a 
monument  to  soldiers  who  were  killed  in  the  civil  war. 

Beverly,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anson  co.,  N.C,  6  miles  from 
Wadesborough.     It  has  2  churches. 

Beverly,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  0.,  in  Water- 
ford  township,  on  the  Muskingum  River,  about  18  miles 
N.W.  of  Marietta.  Small  steamboats  can  ascend  the  river 
to  this  place.  It  has  a  national  bank,  the  Beverly  College 
(now  used  as  an  academy),  5  churches,  3  flouring-mills,  2 
woollen-factories,  a  foundry,  and  a  machine-shop.   Pop.  814. 

Beverly,  a  post-office  of  Coryell  co.,  Tex. 

Beverly,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Randolph  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  Tygart's  Valley  River,  about  120  miles  E.N.E.  of  Charles- 
ton. It  is  situated  in  a  valley  between  two  ridges  of  moun- 
tains, and  contains  3  churches,  the  Beverly  Academy,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Beverly  Farms,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Beverly  township,  on  the  sea-coast,  and  on  the  Eastern  Rail- 
road (Gloucester  Branch),  20  miles  N.E.  of  Boston,  and  6 
miles  from  Salem.     It  has  a  church. 

Beverly  Station,  a  post-village  of  Platte  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  where  it  crosses 
the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  <fc  Council  Bluffs  Railroad,  5 
miles  N.E.  of  Leavenworth.  It  is  near  the  Missouri  River. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  railroad 
repair-shops. 

Bevern,  bi'v^m,  or  Beveren,  bi'v§r-§n,  a  town  of 
Belgium,  in  East  Flanders,  5  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Antwerp. 
Pop.  6999. 

Bevern,b5,'vern,  a  village  of  Germany,  duchy  of  Bruns- 
wick, 3  miles  N.E.  of  Holzminden.     Pop.  1919. 

Beverungen,b4'v§r-oong^fn,  a  town  of  Prussia,  West- 
phalia, 47  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mindeu,  on  the  Weser.  Pop.  1659. 

Beverwyk,  or  Beverwijk,  bi'v§r-wik\atownof  the 
Netherlands,  province  of  North  Holland,  7  miles  by  rail  N. 
of  Haarlem.    Pop.  3203. 


BEV 


642 


BHA 


Bevier*  b^-voor',  a  floarishinR  post-villago  of  Macon  oo., 
Mo.,  in  Bevior  townshi]).  on  the  lliinnibal  ASt.  Joseph  Uiiil- 
road,  75  niilos  W.  of  Iliuinibal,  nnd  5  luilos  W.  of  Maoon  City. 
It  baa  7  churches,  a  chair-faotory,  and  5  ooal-shnfls.  The 
ocal-inines  of  Bevior  aro  among  the  most  valuablo  in  Mis- 
•ouri.     IV))).  SXi ;  of  the  township,  Ib'M. 

Bevilncqun,  bi-ve-lAk'lcw&,  a  village  of  North  Italy, 
25  niilos  K.  of  Verona,  with  an  old  oastlo.     Pop.  148.3. 

Bcv'ill's  StorCf  a  post-oflice  of  Choctaw  co.,  Ala. 

llcv'ilport,  a  hamlet  of  Jasper  oo.,  Tox.,  on  Angelina 
River,  near  its  union  with  the  Nechcs,  9  miles  W.  of  Jasper. 
It  has  3  warehouses,  3  stores,  and  6  dwellings. 

iScv'ingtoiif  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Crawford  township,  on  the  Indianola  &  Winterset  Branch 
Kailroad,  12  miles  E.  of  Winterset,  and  30  miles  (by  rail) 
S.W.  of  Des  Moines.    It  has  2  elevators  for  grain,  2  stores,  Ac. 

Bcv'insville^a  villiige  of  Todd  oo.,  Ky.,  20  miles  from 
Allcnsville.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Be'vis,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  oo.,  0.,  in  Colerain 
township,  about  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  1 
church. 

Bcvis'  Landing)  Lewis  oo.,  Ey.,  is  on  the  Ohio  River, 
IS  miles  below  Portsmouth,  0. 

Bewdley,  bnd'lee  (originally,  neauUeu),  a  borough  of 
England,  oo.  and  14  miles  N.N.W.  of  Worcester,  on  two 
railways,  and  on  the  Severn,  across  which  it  communicates 
with  its  suburb,  Wribbenhall,  by  a  bridge.  It  is  the  seat  of 
active  manufactures.     Pop.  3021. 

Bcw'leyville,  a  post-village  of  Breckenridge  co.,  Ky., 
18  miles  from  Muldraugh.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bex,  hh,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Vaud,  near 
the  right  bank  of  the  Rhone,  26  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Lau- 
sanne.    It  has  salt-works  and  sulphur  baths.     Pop.  2453. 

Bexar,  bi-ar'  or  bi-nar',  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part 
of  Texas,  has  an  area  of  about  1400  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Medina  River,  and  bounded  on  the  N.B.  by 
tbe  Cibolo  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating;  the 
soil  is  partly  fertile.  A  large  portion  of  the  county  is 
prairie,  which  produces  pasture  for  numerous  cattle.  Cap- 
ital, San  Antonio.  Pop.  in  1870,  16,043;  in  1880,  30,470; 
in  1890,  49,266.  It  is  partly  intersected  by  the  Galveston, 
Harrisburg  <t  San  Antonio  Railroad. 

Bex'ar,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Ala.,  40  miles  N.E. 
of  Aberdeen,  Miss.  It  has  a  church  and  several  stores  and 
Other  business  concerns. 

Bcyas,  a  river  of  the  Punjab.    See  Beas. 

Beyed)  bA'Sd',  a  lofty  mountain  in  Abyssinia,  kingdom 
of  Tigr6 ;  lat.  13°  18'  N.,  Ion.  38°  40'  E.  It  is  covered  with 
perpetual  snow.     Estimated  height,  16,000  feet. 

Beyerland,  bi'§r-lint\  Bcigerland,  or  Beijer- 
land,  an  island  of  the  Netherlands,  between  the  Old  Moas 
on  the  N.  and  Hollandg-Diep  on  the  S.,  6  miles  S.  of  Rot- 
terdam. Among  its  villages  are  Old  Beyerland,  pop.  4750  ; 
New  Beyerland,  pop.  1350 ;  and  South  Beyerland,  pop.  1728. 
It  is  19  miles  long  and  10  broad. 

Beyhar,  an  old  province  of  India.    See  Bahar. 

Beylah,  a  town  of  Beloochistan.     See  Bela. 

Beylen,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Beilex. 

Beypasha,  a  river  of  India.    See  Beas. 

Bcyra,  a  province  of  Portugal.    See  Beiha. 

Beyroot,  Beyrout,  Beirout,  bA'root,  or  Bairut 
(Turk.  pron.  bi'root^ ;  that  of  the  Arabs  corresponds  with 
the  first ;  Gr.  Bijpvro? ;  L.  Bery'tus),  a  seaport  town  of  Syria, 
on  a  bay  of  the  Mediterranean,  57  miles  W.N.W.  of  Da- 
mascus, and  3  miles  S.  of  Cape  Beyroot,  which  is  in  lat.  33° 
60'  N.,  Ion.  35°  26'  E.  Its  walls  are  about  3  miles  in  cir- 
cumference, outside  of  which  are  suburbs  equalling  the  town 
in  extent.  It  has  some  large  and  well-supplied  bazaars,  a 
Protestant  college  for  natives,  a  fine  new  aqueduct,  affording 
a  copious  water-supply,  and  several  mission-schools  and 
convents.  Streets  narrow,  but  clean,  it  being  plentifully 
furnished  with  springs ;  and  it  is  said  to  have  derived  its 
original  name  from  the  Phoenician  deity  Baal  Beerith,  "  lord 
of  wells."  Along  the  shore  are  some  remains  of  antiquity, 
comprising  mosaic  pavements,  columns,  and  a  thick  wall. 
The  harbor,  protected  by  a  mole,  is  adapted  only  for  small 
boats;  but  in  tho  bay  beyond  it  ships  may  anchor  in  from 
6  to  11  fathoms,  and  appropriations  have  been  made  for  a 
new  artificiiil  port.  The  town  has  important  manufactures 
of  silk  stuffs,  and  also  of  gold  and  silver  thread.  Much 
raw  silk  is  produced  from  the  silk-worms  raised  in  the  im- 
mediate vicinity.  Principal  exports,  silk,  galls,  madder, 
gums,  paints,  grain,  rags,  wool,  sponges,  oil-seeds,  skins, 
and  oils ;  imports,  muslins,  cottons,  tin,  hardware,  cloths, 
and  manuftxcturcs  of  Europe.  Beyroot  has  a  very  hetero- 
geneous population,  derived  from  nearly  all  the  nations  of 
the  Levant.    No  town  in  Syria  can  compare  with  it  in  re- 


cent growth.     Its  population  in  1840  was  about  15,000,  but 
at  present  is  estimated  at  from  75.000  to  100,000. 

Iley«Shchcr,  Asia  Minor,    See  HKO-SiihaiKn. 

Bczddn,  bizMfln',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Biics,  on 
the  Danube,  20  miles  below  Mohacz.  A  canal  gives  it 
steamboat  communication  with  the  Tboigs.     Pop.  7573. 

Bczghina,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  NovoPKnoiiovKA. 

Bezier8,  bA'ze-i'  (ano.  Jiaier' rit),  a  city  of  France,  de- 
partment of  H6rault,  on  the  Orb,  and  on  several  railw.iys, 
44  miles  S.W.  of  Montpellier.  It  is  built  in  a  delightful 
situation,  is  reniarkablo  for  the  salubrity  of  its  cliinutc, 
and  has  a  Gothic  church,  a  college,  cavalry  barracks,  nn 
aqueduct  of  Roman  origin  and  ruins  of  a  Roman  amphi- 
theatre, a  public  library,  tribunal  of  commerce,  agricultural 
society,  and  manufactures  of  silk,  hosiery,  glass,  parchment, 
gloves,  verdigris,  and  confectionery,  with  tanneries,  and 
extensive  brandy-distilleries ;  and  it  is  the  centre  of  a  con- 
siderable trade.  In  1209  this  city  was  the  scene  of  a  bar- 
barous massacre  of  the  Albigenses.     Pop.  in  1886,  42,785. 

Bczoeki,  or  Bczitki,  b^-zoo'kee,  a  province  of  Java, 
occupying  the  whole  E.  end  of  that  island.  It  is  volcanic 
and  mountainous.     Pop.  318,478. 

Bezoeki,  or  Bezuki,  a  town  of  Java,  capital  of  the 
above  province,  on  the  Strait  of  Madura,  89  miles  E.S.E.  uf 
Soerabaya.     It  has  a  good  trade. 

Bezons,  b9h-z6N»',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seino-et- 
Oise,  9  miles  N.  of  Versailles,  on  the  Seine.     Pop.  ]2.'!7. 

Bezora,  bi-zo'ril,  a  town  of  British  India,  in  Madras, 
40  miles  N.W.  of  Masulipatam,  on  the  Kistnah.  There  are 
here  a  mosque  and  numerous  Hindoo  temples. 

Bhabua,  b'hft,'boo^&',  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  Shababad, 
50  miles  S.W.  of  Buxdr.     Pop.  5071. 

Bhadrakh,  a  town  of  India.     See  Buddruck. 

Bhadreswar,  b'h&d-ris-war',  a  town  of  Bengal,  on  the 
Iloogly,  about  18  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Calcutta.     Pop.  7417. 

Bhadrinath,  b'hid-rin-ifh',  a  town  of  North  ilindo- 
stan,  Gurhwal,  in  a  valley  of  the  Himalayas,  80  miles  N. 
of  Almora,  10,294  feet  above  the  sea,  and  remarkable  for  a 
temple  which  is  visited  annually  by  a  great  number  of 
Hindoo  nilgriras. 

Bhaarinath,  a  peak  of  the  Himalayas,  17  miles  W.  of 
the  above  town,  and  23,441  feet  in  height.  Lat.  30°  42' 
N.;  Ion.  79°  15'  E. 

B'hag,  Bagh,  or  Bhangh,  b'hJg  or  b^o,  a  town  of 
Beloochistan,  province  of»Cutch-Gundava,  at  the  S.  entrance 
of  the  Bolan  pass,  60  miles  N.W.  of  Shikarpoor  (in  Sindo) 
Lat.  28°  56'  N. ;  Ion.  67°  54'  E.     Pop.  about  10,000, 

Bhagal,  a  state  of  India.    See  Bagul. 

Bhagalpnr,  in  India.     See  Boglipoor. 

Bhagirathi,  b'h4-ghe-ra,'tee,  two  rivers  of  India:  (1) 
one  of  the  principal  head-streams  of  the  Ganges ;  (2)  an 
important  outlet  of  the  Ganges,  flows  past  Moorshedabad 
and  Berhampoor,  and  at  Nuddea  takes  the  name  of  lIooGLr 
(which  see).  In  its  upper  course  it  becomes  shallow  in  the 
dry  season,  but  it  is  a  very  important  channel  of  trade. 

Bhagwango'la,  or  Bogwango'la,  a  town  of  Ben- 
gal,  on  an  old  bed  of  the  Ganges,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Moor- 
shedabad, is  the  seat  of  a  large  trade.  New  Bhagwangola, 
or  Alatali,  5  miles  northeastward,  on  the  now  bed  of  the 
Ganges,  is  a  great  mart  for  indigo-seed  and  country  produce, 
tho  old  town  being  reached  by  boats  at  high  water  only. 
Pop.  about  4000. 

Bhamo,  b'hi'mo',  or  Bhanmo,  b'hin'mo',  a  town 
of  Burmah,  on  the  Irrawaddy,  40  miles  W.  of  the  Chinese 
frontier,  and  180  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ava.  It  is  enclosed  by  a 
stockade,  and  better  built  than  most  Burmese  towns.  It 
comprises  500  houses,  inhabited  by  Chinese  and  Shans. 
Woollen,  cotton,  and  silk  goods  are  imported  from  China  by 
winter  caravans ;  and  the  Shan  tribes,  who  resort  to  the 
town,  exchange  their  native  products  for  salt,  rice,  and 
gnajyee  (a  sauce  made  of  dried  flsh).  Old  Bhamo,  the 
original  Shan  town,  is  two  days'  journey  farther  up  the 
Tapan,  the  nearest  tributary  of  the  Irrawaddy. 

Bhandara,  a  district  of  India.     See  Bhcndara. 

Bhandere,  b'han-deer',  a  town  of  the  Jhansi  district, 
North-AVest  Provinces,  India.     Pop.  7518. 

Bhangi-Keel,  b'hin'jee-keel,  a  town  of  the  Bunnoo 
district,  Punjab,  British  India.     Pop.  5339. 

Bhanpoora,  b'hln-poo'ri,  a  walled  town  of  India,  in 
Indore,  38  miles  E.  of  Neemutch,  on  the  Rewah.  It  has  a 
fort  and  palace  of  the  Holkar.     Pop.  20,000. 

Bharahut,  or  Bharahat,  b'hi-ri-hut',  a  ruined  city 
of  India,  120  miles  S.W.  of  Allahabad.  Here  are  inter- 
esting remains  of  the  Booddhist  period. 

Bharaich,  b'hl-raitch',  a  district  of  India,  province 
of  Oude,  lat.  28°  23'-27°  4'  N.,  Ion.  82°  ll'-81°  9'  E 
Area,  2398  square  miles.    Its  centre  is  occupied  by  a  plateau. 


i 


BIIA 


643 


BIA 


a  spur  of  the  sub-Himalaya,  at  the  foot  of  which  is  a 
marshy  tract.     Capital,  Bharaich.      Pop.  774,640. 

Bharaich,  or  Ilaraitche,  a  town,  capital  of  the 
above,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Goggra,  62  miles  N.E.  of  Luck- 
now,  is  a  place  of  great  antiquity.  It  has  manufactures  of 
fire-works  and  native  cloth.     Pop.  18,889. 

BharkO)  b'har'ko,  a  town  of  India,  Eoglipoo'r  district. 
Pop.  3046. 

Bhartpur,  or  Bharatpura,  India.    See  BnunxpooR. 

Bhat^gong',  Bhatgaon,  b'h5,t'gi-on',  or  Dhar*- 
mapatan',  a  town  of  India,  in  Nepaul,  lat.  27°  37'  N., 
Ion.  85°  22'  E.,  9  miles  E.  of  Khatmandoo.  It  is  a  great 
resort  for  Brahinans,  and  is  reported  to  have  many  Sanscrit 
libraries.     Pop.  about  50,000. 

Bhatneer,  bit'neer',  or  Bhutneer,  but^ncer',  called 
also  Bhatniar  and  Bhutnair,  a  town  of  India,  in  Bick- 
aneer,  185  miles  W.N.  W.  of  Delhi.  Lat.  29°  36'  N. ;  Ion.  74° 
12'  E.  It  is  in  a  desert  country,  and  was  once  the  capital 
of  the  Bhatty  people,  a  race  of  Mohammedan  nomads. 

Bhattiana,  b'hit'tee-i'nS,,  or  Sirsa,  seer'si,  a  region 
which  was  formerly  a  district  of  the  Punjab,  India,  now  a 
part  of  the  Ilissar  division.  Area,  3121  square  miles.  Its 
people  are  largely  of  the  Bhatty  race.  Chief  town,  Sirsa. 
Pop.  about  225,000. 

Bhaug,  a  town  of  Beloochistan.     See  B'nAa. 

Bhaugulpoor,  in  India.     See  Boglipooii. 

Bhavaneswara,  the  ancient  name  of  Buobaneser. 

Bhavani-Kudal,  b'ha.-vi'ne-koo-dir,  a  town  of  Brit- 
j^lsh  India,  presidency  of  Madras,  58  miles  N.E.  of  Coimba- 
'toor,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Bhavani  and  Cavery  Rivers. 
fHere  are  famous  temples  of  Vishnu  and  Siva. 

Bhawan,  a  town  of  India.    See  Bhuwux. 

Bhawanipoor,  b'hi-w4n-e-poor',  a  town  of  India,  n 
.  few  miles  S.E.  of  Calcutta.  It  has  several  mission  schools, 
la.  college,  and  a  lunntic  asylum  for  Europeans. 

Bhawarah,  b'hi-wd'ri,  a  village  of  India,  Durbungah 
(district,  Bengal,  i  mile  S.  of  Mudhoobunee.     Pop.  2804. 

Bhawlpoor,  b'hawPpoor'  or  bawrpoor',  written  also 
BhaAvalpur,  Bahawalpoor,  and  Da^odapoo'ra,  a 
native  state  of  India,  feudal  to  the  British.  Lat.  27°  41'-30° 
25'  N. ;  Ion.  69°  30'-73°  58'  E.  Area,  22,000  square  miles. 
Length,  310  miles;  greatest  breadth,  110  miles.  It  is  level, 
and  in  part  a  desert,  less  than  one-fifth  being  arable.  Cap- 
ital, Bhawlpoor.     Pop.  472,791,  chiefly  Mohammedans. 

Bhawlpoor,  the  capital  of  the  above  state,  on  a  branch 
of  the  Ghara,  and  on  a  railway,  70  miles  S.  of  JVIooltan,  and 
140  miles  N.W.  of  Bickaneer.  Lat.  29°  26' N.;  Ion.  71°  37' E. 
Pop.  about  20,000.  It  is  enclosed  by  gardens  and  by  a  mud 
wall  4  miles  in  circumference.  The  houses  are  meanly  con- 
structed of  brick,  and  the  khan's  residence  is  a  very  plain 
building.  Hindoo  weavers  are  numerous.  Bhawlpoor  is 
famous  for  its  scarfs  and  turbans,  manufactured  by  Hin- 
doos ;  and  chintzes  and  other  cotton  goods  are  woven  here. 

Bheels,  beelz,  a  race  of  mountaineers  of  Hindostan, 
inhabiting  the  mountains  of  Candeish  and  the  country  along 
the  Nerbudda  from  the  plains  of  Newaur  to  those  of  Guze- 
rat.  They  differ  from  the  other  natives  in  appearance  and 
manners,  are  small,  have  dark  complexions,  go  almost  in  a 
state  of  nudity,  and  are  constantly  armed  with  bows  and 
arrows.  They  are  very  brave  and  warlike,  and  since  the 
organization  of  the  Bheel  Corps  by  the  Indian  government 
they  have  abandoned  predatory  habits  and  are  becoming 
cultivators  of  the  ground. 

Bheer,  b'heer,  a  town  of  India,  in  Deccan,  Nizam's  do- 
minion, 70  miles  S.S.E.  of  Aurungabad. 

Bhe'rah,  a  town  of  India,  district  and  30  miles  N.E. 
of  Shahpoor,  on  the  Jhylum.     Pop.  14,514. 

Bhewannce,  Bhiwani,  bee-won'neo,  or  Bowa- 
nce,  bo-wi'nee,  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Rohtuk  district. 
Lat.  28°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  76°  14'  E.     Pop.  32,254. 

Bhilsa,  a  town  of  India.     See  Bilsa. 

Bhimalaputana,  the  ancient  name  of  Bimlipatam. 

Bhimbur,  or  Bhimbara,  India.     See  Bimber. 

Bhingar,  b'hin'gar',  or  Bim^garh',  a  town  of  India, 
in  the  Ahmednuggur  district.     Pop.  6752. 

Bhirjan,  beer'ja,n',  Beerjoon,  beer^joon',  or  Milir- 
jan,  meer^jin',  one  of  the  easternmost  towns  of  the  Persian 
dominion,  in  the  desert,  180  miles  S.  of  Meshed.  It  com- 
prises 4000  brick  houses,  several  caravansaries,  mosques, 
and  baths,  a  citadel,  and  a  governor's  palace.  It  has  a  local 
repute  for  the  cxoellence  of  its  carpets ;  but  its  inhabitants 
bear  a  bad  reputation  for  dishonesty  and  treachery. 

Btiivapoor,  b"hee-vi-poor',  a  town  of  India,  district 
and  43  miles  N.E.  of  Nagpoor.     Pop.  4557. 

Bliobaneser,  bho-bin-ds'§r,  or  Bhuvaneswar, 
b'hoo-vftn-es'war  (anc.  Bhavaneiiwara),  a  town  of  British 
India,  district  of  Pooree,  in  Orissa,  16  miles  S.  of  Cuttack. 


It  has  numerous  remains  of  temples  and  sculptured  figures', 
and  a  tower  180  feet  in  height.  It  is  mostly  in  ruins,  but 
has  a  good  trade  in  rice  and  cloth,  and  is  a  place  of  pil- 
grimage for  worshippers  of  Siva, 

Bhoj^pore',  or  Bhojpur,  b'hoj'poor',  a  town  of  the 
Shahabad  district,  Bengal,  8  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Buxir.  It 
is  composed  of  two  parts,  Bhojpore  Jadid  (pop.  3890),  and 
Bhojpore  Kadim  (pop.  3114),  and  is  nearly  contiguous  to 
the  larger  town  of  Dumraon. 

Blion^gaon',  or  Bhoe^gaon',  a  town  of  India,  dis- 
trict and  7  miles  N.E.  of  Minpooree.    Pop.  6231. 

Bhooj,  or  Bhiy,  b'hooj  or  booj,  a  strongly  fortified  nity 
of  Hindostan,  capital  of  Cutoh,  and  in  a  plain  near  its  cen- 
tre, 35  miles  N.  of  the  Gulf  of  Cutch.  Lat.  23°  15'  N.;  Ion. 
69°  52'  E.  Pop.  30,000.  Its  white  buildings,  intermixed 
with  date-groves,  render  it  externally  imposing;  and  its 
houses  are  mostly  built  within  strong,  walled  enclosures, 
each  presenting  the  appearance  of  a  separate  fort.  It  has 
a  castellated  palace  with  enamelled  domes,  numerous  teii 
pies,  a  mausoleum,  and  other  public  buildings, — the  whole 
enclosed  by  a  wall  flanked  with  towers  and  finished  with 
artillery.  Bhooj  is  renowned  in  India  for  its  manufactures 
in  gold  and  silver.  The  fort  of  the  Bhooj  was  taken  by  the 
British  in  1819,  and  both  port  and  town  sufiered  consider- 
ably from  an  earthquake  the  same  year. 

Bhopaul,  Bhopal,  or  Bopaul,  bo'pawl,  a  native 
state  of  Central  India,  in  Malwa.  Lat.  22°  32'-23°  46'  N. ; 
Ion.  76°  25'-78°  50'  E.  Length,  157  miles;  breadth,  76 
miles ;  area,  6764  square  miles.  It  is  uneven,  and  in  part 
mountainous,  but  is  fertile,  and  is  regarded  as  the  best  gov- 
erned native  state  in  India.  Capital,  Bhopaul.  Pop.  663,656. 

Bhopaul,  the  capital  of  the  above  state,  105  miles  E. 
of  Oojein,  is  enclosed  by  a  dilapidated  stone  wall,  outside  of 
which  are  some  large  pools  and  a  fort.    Pop,  60,000. 

Bhot,  a  Hindoo  name  of  Thibet. 

Bhotan,  or  Bhootan.    See  Bootax. 

Bhowanipoor,  b'ho-wdn-e-poor',  a  village  or  station 
of  British  India,  96  miles  W.  of  IJinagepoor.  Here  a  great 
annual  fair  is  held,  from  April  7  to  April  17,  at  which 
100,000  persons  often  assemble. 

Bhownugger,  or  Bliaonagar,  b'how'niig'gur,  a 
seaport  and  native  state  of  India,  on  the  \V.  side  of  the 
Gulf  of  Cambay,  51  miles  S.W.  of  Cambay.  Area  of  state, 
2784  square  miles.     Pop.  399,688. 

Bhugwar,  a  river  of  Beloochistan.    See  Doostee. 

Bliujec,  b'hoo'jee,  or  boo'jee,  a  petty  state  of  Hindostan, 
between  the  Sutlej  and  the  Jumna.     Pop.  9000. 

Bliundara,  or  Bliandara,  b'hilnM^V&',  a  district  of 
the  Central  Provinces,  British  India.  Lat.  20°-22°  N. ;  Ion. 
79°-81°  E.  Area,  3922  square  miles.  It  is  largely  covered 
with  jungle,  has  many  small  lakes,  and  is  infested  by  wild 
beasts.  The  district  includes  25  little  native  tributary  states, 
whose  united  area  is  1509  square  miles.  Chief  town,  Bhun- 
dara.     Pop.  664,819. 

Bhundara,  or  Bhandara,  a  town,  the  capital  of  the 
above,  38  miles  E.  of  Nagpoor,  is  a  neat  and  healthy  place, 
and  has  a  good  local  trade.     Pop.  11,433. 

Bhurtpoor,  or  Bhartpur,  b'hurt'poor',  a  state  of 
Rajpootana,  Upper  India,  lat.  26°  48'-27°  51'  N.,  Ion.  76° 
54'-77°  49'  E. ;  is  77  miles  long  and  50  miles  broad;  area, 
1974  square  miles.  It  is  level  and  fertile,  and  aSbrds  iron. 
It  is  governed  by  a  rajah  under  British  supervision.  Cap- 
ital, iihurtpoor.     Pop.  743,710,  chiefly  Jats. 

Bhurtpoor,  or  Bhartpur,  b'hQrrpoor',  written  also 
Bharatpura,  a  city,  capital  of  the  above,  33  miles  W.  of 
Agra.     Lat.  27°  12'  N. ;  Ion.  85°  49'  E.    P.  (1881)  66,163. 

Bhutan,  a  country  of  Asia.     See  Bootan. 

Bhutneer,  a  town  of  India.     See  Bhatneer. 

Bhutsar,  b'hut'sar',  a  town  of  India,  Boglipoor  dis- 
trict.    Pop.  4633. 

BhuAVun,  b'hoo'wiin',  a  town  of  the  Mozuffernuggur 
district,  North-West  Provinces,  British  India.     Pop.  8481, 

Bhuvaneswar.    See  Bhobaneser. 

Bia,  bee'oh',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Pesth,  10  milea 
S.W.  of  Buda,  with  a  Reformed  church.     Pop.  1900. 

Biagrasso,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Abbiategrasso. 

Biala,  be-i'ld,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  on  the  river 
Biala,  which  separates  it  from  Bielitz  (which  see).  It  is  43 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Cracow.     Pop.  6535. 

Biala,  or  Bialo,  a  town  of  Silesia.    See  Zulz. 

Biala,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  government  and  37- 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Siedleo.     Pop.  5662. 

Bialla,  be-il'li,  a  small  town  of  East  Prussia,  68  miles 
S.  of  Gumbinnen.     Pop.  1637. 

Bialykamien,  be-il'le-ki-me-fin',  a  town  of  Austrian 
Galicia,  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Olesko.     Pop.  3089. 

Bialystok,  be-iLl'ls-tok,  Bel'ostok,  or  Bielostok*, 


BIA 


644 


BID 


b'y$I'(^8-tSk,  a  toTrn  of  Runian  Poland,  government  nnd  52 
luilos  by  rail  S.W.  of  Urotlno.  It  ba«  a  gyinniiaiuin,  a  fine 
pivrk,  n  palace,  and  many  inanufacturoa.     l'o|>.  40,0U0. 

Rinnn,  bo-ftn'&,  a  town  of  Jlindostan,  in  the  Bkurtpoor 
duiiiiniun!,  64  miles  S.W.  of  Agra. 

Ilinncnvilla,  be-&n'k&-vil'lil  ("white  villa"),  a  town 
of  Sicily,  14  milca  N.W.  of  Catania,  on  the  declivity  of 
Mount  Etna.   Export*  grain,  cotton,  and  silk.    Pop.  12,631. 

Ilianco,  bo-An'ko,  or  Biancay  bo-&n'k&,  an  Italian 
word,  signifying  "white,"  nnd  forming  a  part  of  numerous 
nninc.o,  an  Catk  Biancx),  "  Whito  Capo."  See  Cape  Bianco. 
Iliaiico,  bo&n'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Keggio 
di  Calabria,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Gcraoe.  Pop.  lU.'U.  Bianco 
{•  also  the  name  of  some  villages  in  Italy  and  the  Ionian 
Islands. 

Iliandratc,  be-&n-dr&'t&,  a  village  of  Italy,  8  miles  W. 
of  Novara.     Pop.  1386. 

Iliaiizc,  bc-flnd'zd,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Novara, 
30  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Turin.     Pop.  36:i5. 

lliapina,  a  mountain  of  Braxil.    See  Ibiapaba. 

Biar,  be-aii',  a  town  of  Spain,  .30  miles  N.W.  of  Ali- 
oantc,  with  a  castle  and  remains  of  fortifications.   Pop.  2963. 

Bi'ardstowii)  a  post-village  of  Lamar  co.,  Tex.,  9 
miles  from  Paris.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

BiarritZf  be-ait^Rits',  a  maritime  village  of  France,  on 
the  Bay  of  Biscay,  in  Ba«8es-Pyr6n6e8,  5  miles  by  rail  S.W. 
of  Bayonne.    Pop.  4660.    It  is  a  fashionable  watering-place. 

BidS)  a  river  of  India.    See  Beas. 

Biasca,  be-&s'k&,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  in  Ticino,  9 
miles  N.  of  Bellinzona.     Pop.  871. 

Bibb,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Alabama,  bos  an 
area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Cahawba  River,  which,  entering  the  county  in  the  N.,  flows 
through  it  in  a  southwesterly  direction.  The  surface  is 
hilly  or  undulating,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests; 
the  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the 
Staple  products.  Bituminous  coal  and  iron  ore  are  found 
in  this  county.  The  Alabama  &  Chattanooga  Railroad 
touches  the  N.W.  part  of  it.  Capital,  Centreville.  Pop. 
in  1870.  7469;  in  1880,  9487;  in  1890,  13,824. 

Bibb,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Georgia,  has  an 
area  of  about  250  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Ocmulgee  River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  mostly  covered 
with  forests;  the  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  maizo,  and 
sweet  potatoes  are  the  staple  products  of  this  county,  which 
is  traversed  by  the  Central  Georgia  Railroad,  which,  with 
the  Georgia,  the  Richmond  A  Danville,  the  East  Tennessee, 
Virginia  &  Georgia,  the  Georgia,  Southern  <fe  Florida,  and 
the  Macon,  Dublin  &  Savannah  Railroads,  has  its  connec- 
tions at  Macon,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870, 
21,255;  in  1880,  27,147;  in  1890,  42,370. 

Bibbiano,  blb-be-&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Emilia, 
province  and  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Reggio.     Pop.  5020. 

Bibbiena,  blb-be-4'n3.,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Arezzo.     Pop.  5683. 

Bibb  Mills  Station,  a  post-office  of  Bibb  Co.,  Ala., 
31  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Birmingham. 

Bibbona,  bib-bo'n4,  a  town  of  Italy,  6  miles  S.E.  of 
Cecina.  Pop.  4645.  There  is  a  fort  of  the  same  name  on 
the  Mediterranean,  3^  miles  S.W.  of  the  town. 

Bibb'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bibb  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Alabama  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  about  28  miles  E.  of  Tus- 
caloosa. It  has  a  manufactory  of  fire-bricks. 
'  Bibcrach,  bee'b?r-iK\  a  town  of  Wiirtombcrg,  on  the 
Riss,  23  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Ulm.  Pop.  7091,  engaged 
in  weaving,  bleaching,  tanning,  and  fur-dressing,  and  in 
making  toys,  lace,  beer,  paper,  bells,  etc. 

Biberach,  a  village  of  Badon,  on  the  Kinzig,  10  miles 
6.S.E.  of  Offenburg.     Pop.  1245. 

Bibcrich,  a  village  of  Prussia.     See  Biebrich. 

Bibiana,  be-be-&'n&,  a  village  of  Italy,  5  miles  W.  of 
Cavor.     Pop.  3172. 

Bi'bic  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co..  111.,  in  Bible 
Grove  township,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Louisville.  It  has  2 
churches.    Pop.  of  the  township,  998. 

Bible  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Scotland  co..  Mo.,  10  miles 
from  Downing  Railroad  Station. 

Bible  Ilill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Decatur  oo.,  Tenn.  It 
ha«  a  church. 

Bib'lis,  a  village  of  Hesse,  on  a  railway,  9  miles  N.W. 
of  Ileppenheim.     Pop.  2229. 

Bibracte,  the  ancient  name  of  Autun. 

Bibrax  Suessionnm,  supposed  ancient  nameof  Laov. 

Bic,  bik,  or  Sainte-Cecile-de-Bic,  si.vt-sA'seel'- 
d^h-blk,  a  post-village  in  Rimouski  co.,  Quebec,  with  a  fine 
harbor  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  181i  miles  by  rail  below  Quebec, 
MiU  9  mila«  W.  of  Rimoiwki.    Pop.  600. 


Bic,  or  L'Ifllet  an  Madsacre,  IcoMi'  B  m&sM'kV, 
an  i.xland  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  .''t.  I,awrenco,  opposilo  th« 
village  of  Bic,  Canada.  It  is  3  miles  long  by  }  mile  broad. 
About  two  centuries  ogo  200  hundred  Micmoo  Indians  were 
murdered  hero  by  the  Iroquois. 

Bicaiierc,  a  state  of  India.    See  Bickanekw. 

Bicrari,  bik'kl-re,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  18 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Foggia.     Pop.  4120. 

Bicester,  bls't?r,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  11  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Oxford,  on  a  railwoy.  It  has  2  endowed  scliooU 
and  a  small  lace  manufacture.     Pop.  of  parish,  3328. 

Bichana,  bc-chil'nA,  a  considerable  town  of  Abyssinia, 
in  Amhara,  160  miles  S.S.E.  of  Gondar. 

Bichcnpour,  India.     See  BiRHENPOon. 

Bichuanas,  a  nation  of  Africa.    See  BEcnrANAS. 

Bickanecr,  Bicanir,  Biktinir,  or  Birancre, 
bik'a-ncer',  a  native  state  of  India,  in  Rajpootana.  Lat.  27" 
30'-29°55'  N.;  Ion.  72°30'-75°  40'  E.  Area,  1 7,fiT6  square 
miles.  It  is  a  dismal  region,  largely  covered  with  snnd 
dunes,  nnd  has  no  permanent  streams;  but  its  salt  lakes 
affortl  a  good  revenue,  and  many  sheep,  camels,  and  horses 
are  bred.  The  people  arc  Jats,  Bhaftios,  and  Rajpoots, 
governed  by  a  maharnjnh  under  British  supervision. 
Capital,  Bickaneer.     Pop.  539,000. 

Bickaneer,  a  town,  the  capital  of  the  above,  240  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Delhi.  Lat.  28°  N. ;  Ion.  73°  E.  It  is  walled 
with  stone,  and  has  a  strong  citadel.     Pop.  60,000. 

Bick'ley's  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Russell  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Clinch  River,  29  miles  N.W.  of  Abingdon.  It  ha* 
a  church,  2  grist-mills,  2  saw-mills,  and  2  tanneries. 

Bick'nell,  a  post-villago  of  Knox  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  In- 
dianapolis A  Vincennes  Railroad,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Vin- 
ccnnes.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  graded  school. 

Bick'ncllsville,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y., 
about  30  miles  E.  of  Ogdensburg.  It  has  a  church,  an  iron- 
foundry,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Bicquette  (blk'ket')  Island,  or  Little  Bic,  a 
small  island  N.  of  Bio  Island,  in  Canada,  i  mile  long  by 
i  mile  wide.  Near  its  centre  is  a  light-house.  A  gun  is  fired 
every  half-hour  during  fog  and  snow-storms.  ' 

Bicske,  beetsh'keh\  a  town  of  Hungary,  15  miles  Wr 
of  Buda.     Pop.  4600. 

Biczow,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Bidschow. 

Bida,  bee'dA,  a  town  of  Africa,  capital  of  the  province  : 
or  kingdom  of  Nyff6,  about  lat.  9°  5'  N.,  Ion.  6°  5'  E.  | 

Bidache,  beeMAsh',  a  town  of  France,  in  Basses-PyrS- 
n6es,  near  the  Bidouze,  20  miles  E.  of  Bayonne.     Pop.  2570* 

Bidassoa,  be-nis-so'i,  a  small  river  forming  part  of 
the  boundary  between  France  and  Spain.  It  rises  in  Spain, 
nnd  enters  the  Bay  of  Biscay  at  Fontarobia. 

Bid'deford,  a  city  of  York  co.,  Me.,  on  the  right] 
bank  of  the  Saco  River,  which  separates  it  from  the  toww 
of  Saco,  6  miles  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  15  miles  S.W.  of' 
Portland,  and  93  miles  N.N.E.  of  Boston.  It  is  on  the 
Portsmouth,  Saco  A  Portland  and  Boston  A  Maine  Rail- 
roads, each  of  which  connects  it  with  Boston  and  Portland, 
Its  prosperity  is  derived  chiefly  from  trade,  and  manufac- 
tures of  cotton  goods  and  machinery.  Lumber  and  cotton 
goods  are  the  chief  articles  of  export.  It  has  12  churches,: 
2  national  banks,  3  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers,  and 
several  large  cotton-mills,  machine-shops,  and  saw-mills. 
The  river  here  falls  42  feet,  and  afifords  abundant  water-' | 
power.     Pop.  in  1890,  14,443. 

Bid'deford,  a  village  in  Prince  co.,  Prince  Edward  j 
Island.  20  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Summerside.     Pop.  120. 

Biddeford  Pool,  a  post-village  and  bathing-place  of  f 
York  CO.,  Me.,  on  the  coast,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Biddeford.        { 

Bid'cford,  a  seaport  town  of  England,  co.  of  Devon,! 
on  the  Torridge,  IJ  miles  above  the  estuary  of  the  Taw,  ani 
on  a  railway,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Barnstaple.   The  town  consist 
in  part  of  old  brick  houses  with  timber  frame- work.     It  hagl 
a  stone  bridge  of  24  arches,  a  grammar-school,  town  hall,| 
workhouse,  and  hospital  for  aged  poor,  with  manufactures! 
of  ropes,   sails,   and   earthenware,   tan-yards,   and   docks.] 
There  is  a  spacious  quay  near  the  centre  of  the  town,  and' 
about  2i  miles  above  the  bridge  the  Torrington  Canal  joins 
the  river.     The  trade  of  Bideford  was  formerly  extensiveJ 
but  its  commercial  importance  has  greatly  declined.     Popj 
6969.     Near  Bridgeport  is  the  watering-place  Appledore. 

Bidente,  a  river  of  Italy.    See  Roxco. 

Bidghikli,bid-ghik'lee,  atown  of  Asia  Minor,  Anatolia 
17  miles  N.  of  Adalia.     Pop.  about  5000. 

Bidschow,  beetsh'ov,  or  New  Bidschow  (Bohem^^ 
Biczow,  beetsh'ov),  a  town  of  Bohemia,  in  the  circle  of  th« 
same  name,  50  miles  E.N.E.  of  Prague.     Pop.  5123. 

Bid'well's,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg,  Conncllsville  . 
Washington  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Confluence,  Pa. 


BID 


645 


BIG 


Bidwell's  Bar,  a  post-village  of  Butte  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Middle  Fork  of  Feather  River,  about  34  miles  N.  by  E. 
from  Marysville.     Gold  is  mined  here. 

Biebcr,  bee'ber,  a  post-office  of  Lassen  co.,  Cal. 

Bicbrich,  bce'briK,  Bieberich,  or  Biberich,  bee'- 
ber-iK,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Prussia,  on  the  right  bank 
of  tlic  Khine,  at  the  terminus  of  the  Taunus  Raihvay,  3i 
miles  S.  of  Wiesbaden.  Pop.,  with  Mosbach,  6444.  It  has 
the  finest  palace  on  the  Rhine. 

Biccz,  or  Bietsch,  beetsh,  or  bc-dtsh',  a  town  of  Aus- 
trian Galicia,  11  miles  W.  of  Jaslo.     Pop.  2335. 

Biedenkopf,  bee'den-kopr,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province 
of  Ilesse-Nassau,  on  the  Lahn,  24  miles  N.N.W.  of  Gicssen. 
Pop.  2746. 

Bicgel,  bee'gh?!,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  Tex.,  13 
miles  from  Ledbetter.     It  has  a  church  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Biehle,  bee'li,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  Mo. 

Bichle,  a  station  in  Union  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Lewisburg, 
Centre  &  Spruce  Creek  Railroad,  3  miles  W.  of  Lewisburg. 

Biel.  a  town  of  Switzerland.    See  Bienne. 

Biela,  the  Bohemian  for  Weisswassbii. 

Biela,  ho-h'\L,  a  town  of  Bulgaria,  on  the  Jantra,  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Sistova.     Pop.  2000. 

Bielau,  bee'low,  or  Langenbielaii,  ling'§n-bee'16w, 
a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Reichenbach, 
composed  of  several  parts,  forming  a  town  four  miles  long, 
whence  the  name  Langenbielau  ("Long  Bielau").  It  has 
cotton-mills,  sugar-works,  tile-factories,  &c.     Pop.  12,996. 

Bielaya  (or  Bielaia)  Tserkov,  be-i-li'fl,  tsfir'kov 
("white  church"),  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Kiev, 
near  a  railway,  44  miles  S.S.W.  of  Kiev.  It  has  a  gymna- 
sium, and  a  great  trade  in  cattle  and  grain.     Pop.  5000. 

Bielefeld,  bee'I§h-fdlt\  a  walled  town  of  Pru.ssia,  West- 
phalia, 26  miles  S.W.  of  Minden,  on  the  Minden  A  Cologne 
Railway.  It  is  the  centre  of  the  Westphalian  linen-trade, 
and  has  extensive  bleaching-grounds,  also  manufactures  of 
woollen  stuffs,  thread,  leather,  iron,  glass,  cement,  soap,  to- 
bacco, and  meerschaum.     Pop.  26,567. 

Bielev,  or  Bielef,  be-i^l5v'  (Russ.  Bjelew),  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  64  miles  S.AV.  of  Toola,  on  the 
Oka.  It  has  manufactures  of  soap,  leather,  and  hardwares, 
and  a  considerable  trade.     Pop.  8123. 

Biclgorai,  a  town  of  Poland.     See  Bii.couAr. 

Biclgorod,  be-drgo-rod'  (Russ.  Bjebjorod,  "white 
town"),  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  73  miles  S.  of 
Koorsk,  on  the  Donets.  It  consists  of  an  old  town,  a  new 
town,  and  3  suburbs,  and  has  13  churches  and  3  monas- 
teries. It  owes  its  name  to  a  chalk-hill  in  the  vicinity.  Pop. 
22,000.  See  Belgrade,  Belgorod,  Belgaud,  and  Bolgrad. 

Bielitz,  bee'lits,  a  town  of  Austrian  Silesia,  18  miles 
N.E.  of  Teschcn.  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Biala  River,  oppo- 
site the  town  of  Biala,  in  Austrian  Galicia,  has  an  extensive 
trade  in  fine  woollen  cloths  and  cassimercs.  It  is  a, railway 
terminus.  It  has  a  castle,  hospital,  and  school,  aod  is  the 
scat  of  a  Protestant  consistory.     Pop.  10,721. 

Biclitza,  or  Bielitsa,  be-d.-lit's^,  a  town  of  Russia, 
65  miles  E.  of  Grodno,  on  the  Niemen.     Pop.  1000. 

Biella,  be-dl'lS,,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Novara,  on 
a  railway,  and  on  the  Cervo,  38  miles  N.E.  of  Turin.  It  is 
a  bishop's  see,  and  has  several  schools,  and  manufactures  of 
paper,  woollen  stuffs,  and  hats.     Pop.  11,935. 

Bieloe  More,  the  Russian  for  White  Sea. 

Bieloi,  be-A'loy,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  70 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Smolensk,  on  the  Obeha,  an  affluent  of  the 
Mezha  (Meja).  Pop.  6800.  Bieloi  is  the  name  of  other 
small  towns  of  Russia,  and  of  an  island  in  the  Arctic  Ocean, 
government  of  Tobolsk. 

Bielo-Ozero,  be-A'lo  o-zi'ro  ("white  lake"),  a  lake 
of  Russia,  government  of  Novgorod,  about  lat.  60°  10'  N., 
Ion.  37°  30' E.  Length,  25  miles;  breadth,  20  miles.  Its 
waters  flow  to  the  Volga  by  the  Sheksna  River. 

Biclopol,be-i*lo'pol  {Riias.Bielopolie,  be-4*lo-pol'yd.), 
a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  106  miles  N.W.  of 
Kharkov,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Seim.     Pop.  12,178. 

Bielopol,  be-iMo'pol,  a  town  of  Europe,  in  Herzego- 
vina, 28  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Novi-Bazar.     Pop.  3000. 

Bielostok,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Bialystok. 

Biclozersk,  be-d'lo-zainsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment and  250  miles  E.N.E.  of  Novgorod,  on  the  S.  shore 
of  the  Bielo-Ozero.  It  is  built  mostly  of  wood,  and  has  an 
active  trade  in  pitch,  tallow,  cattle,  and  corn.     Pop.  4467. 

Biclozersk,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  200 
miles  S.W.  of  Tobolsk,  on  the  Tobol. 

Bielsk,  be-51sk',  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Grodno,  25  miles 
S.  of  Bialystok.     It  has  a  fine  custom-house.     Pop.  10,000. 

Bielsk,  a  village  of  Poland,  province  and  9  miles  N.N.E. 
•f  Plock.     Pop.  400. 


Bieltsy,  or  Bielzy,  be-filt'so,  a  town  of  Russia,  in 
Bessarabia,  60  miles  N.AV.  of  Kishenev.     Pop.  6030. 

Bien-Iloa,  be'en'-ho'i  (Cochin-Chinese  for  "great 
lake"),  called  also  Tal6"Sab,  or  "fresh  lake,"  and  Sri 
Rama,  a  lake  of  Cambodia,  partly  in  Siam,  and  extend- 
ing in  the  wet  season  100  miles  from  N.W.  to  S.E.,  with  a 
breadth  of  30  miles.  It  is  very  shallow  in  the  dry  season, 
but  is  importint  on  account  of  its  extensive  fisheries.  It  is 
regarded  by  all  the  people  with  reverence. 

BieU'Hoa,  aprovinceof  French  Cochin  China,  bounded 
S.E.  by  the  province  of  Gia-Dinh.  In  the  E.  it  is  mountain- 
ous, and  its  climate  is  the  most  equable  and  healthful  in  the 
colony.  It  is  traversed  by  the  navigable  river  Bien-Ho.a, 
or  Dong-Nai.  It  is  divided  into  4  inspections  or  arrondisse- 
ments,  one  of  which  is  also  called  Bien-lioa.  Pop.  of  in- 
spection, 19,260;  of  province,  105,915. 

Bien-IIoa,  a  town  of  Cochin  China,  capital  of  the 
above  province,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Saigon,  to  which  a  canal 
and  telegraph  extend.    It  has  a  hospital  and  a  military  post. 

Bienne,  be-6nn'  (Ger.  IJiel,  bed),  a  town  of  Switzer- 
land, canton  and  17  miles  N.W.  of  Bern,  at  the  north  ex- 
tremity of  Bienne  Lake,  and  at  a  railway  junction.  It 
is  enclosed  by  old  walls,  and  has  a  high  school,  several  mills, 
and  manufactures  of  watches,  wire,  leather,  and  cotton. 
Numerous  Roman  coins  and  prehistoric  remains  have  been 
found  in  its  vicinity.     Pop.  8113. 

Bienne  Lake,  a  lake  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  16 
miles  N.W.  of  Bern,  and  3  miles  N.E.  of  the  Lake  of  Neuf- 
chfitel.  Length,  10  miles;  breadth,  1  to  3  miles.  Ele- 
vation above  the  sea,  1419  feet;  greatest  depth,  400  feet. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  river  Thiele,  which  joins  the  Aar  4 
miles  E.  of  Bienne.  Its  shores,  though  pleasing,  are  not 
of  striking  beauty,  and  its  chief  interest  arises  from  its  con- 
taining the  island  of  St.  Pierre,  the  residence  of  Rousseau 
in  1765,  and  from  the  remains  of  a  prehistoric  lake-village 
on  its  border. 

Bientina,  bo-Sn-tce'nS,,  a  town  of  Italy,  11  miles  E.  of 
Pisa,  near  the  bed  of  Lake  Bientina  (now  drained).  P.  3146. 

Bicnvcnida,  be-6n-v4-nec'i)d,  a  town  of  Spain,  iq 
Estremadura,  48  miles  S.E.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  3400. 

Bienville,  be-6n'vil  (Fr.  pron.  be-iNoVeel'),  a  parish 
in  the  N.W.  part  of  Louisiana,  has  an  area  of  about  1050 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Lake  Bistineau, 
and  is  drained  by  several  affluents  of  Red  River.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating,  and.  mostly  covered  with  forests;  the  soil 
is  fertile.  Cotton,  maize,  and  live-stock  are  the  staple 
products.  Its  N.  portion  is  traversed  by  the  Queen  &  Cres- 
cent Railroad  svstem.  Capital,  Sparta.  Pop.  in  1870, 
10,636;  in  1880,  "10,442;  in  1890, 14,108.  It  has  an  abun- 
dance of  pine  and  oak  timber. 

Bien'ville,  a  station  in  Mobile  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Mobile 
&  Ohio  Railroad.  57  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Mobile. 

Bienville,  be-iNoVeel',  a  post-village  in  Levis  co., 
Quebec,  li  miles  from  Levis.     Pop.  503. 

Bieque,  a  West  India  island.    See  Vieque. 

Bierum,  bee-room',  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  prov- 
ince of  Groningen,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Delfzyl.     Pop.  3342. 

Biervliet,  beeR^vlect',  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  Zea- 
land, 13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sluis.  An  inundation  in  1377  de- 
tached Biervliet  from  the  continent.     Pop.  2083. 

Bies-Bosch,  bees-bosk',  a  marshy  lake  of  the  Nether- 
lands, forming  the  eastern  extension  of  the  branch  of  the 
Meuse  called  Hollands-Diep,  between  the  provinces  of 
South  Holland  and  North  Brabant.  It  contains  numerous 
islands.  This  lake  was  formed  November  19,  1421,  by  an 
inundation  which  is  said  to  have  submerged  72  villages, 
drowning  100,000  inhabitants. 

Bietigheim,  bee'tic-hlmeS  a  town  ef  AVUrtemberg,  at 
a  railway  junction,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Stuttgart,  It  has 
manufactures  of  cloth,  yarn,  and  carriages.     Pop.  3457. 

Bietigheim,  a  village  of  Baden,  10  miles  by  rail  S.W 
of  Carlsruhe.     Pop.  2031. 

Bietsch,  a  town  of  Poland.    See  Biecz. 

Bievene,  bee'vain',  a  town  of  Belgium,  province  of 
Hainaut,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Tournay.     Pop.  3170. 

Bievres,  be-aiv'r',  a  village  of  France,  on  an  affluent 
of  the  Seine,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Versailles.     Pop.  1036. 
•  Biezhetz,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Bejetsk. 

Biferno,  be-fSn'no,  Tiferno,te-f6u'no,  or  Tiver'no 
(anc.  Tifer'ims),  a  river  of  Southern  Italy,  rises  in  the 
Apennines,  flows  N.E.,  and  enters  the  Adriatic  3  miles 
S.E.  of  Termoli.     Length,  40  miles. 

Biga,  or  Bigha,  bee'gi,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the 
Boiki,  42  miles  N.E.  of  Adramyti. 

Big^ahpoor',  a  town  of  India,  district  and  40  milet 
S.W.  of  Lucknow.     Pop.  6000. 

Big  Bar,  a  post-office  of  Trinity  co.,  Cal. 


Bia 


646 


BIO 


Bif  Barren,  a  post-hamlot  of  Claiborne  oo.,  Tenn.,  30 
bUm  (Vom  Knoxvillo. 

Big  Barren  Uiver,  Kj.    See  Barrkn  River. 

Big  Bay  Creek,  lllinoin,  drnina  part  of  Johnson  oo., 
mna  southeAStward  tbrouj^h  Pope  oo.,  and  enters  the  Ohio. 

Big  Bay  River  or  Creek  ri^os  in  Middlesex  co.,  On- 
tario, and  fills  into  the  Chcnail  p}cart6,  one  of  the  numerous 
chiinnels  of  the  river  St.  Clair.     Length,  about  100  miles. 

Uig  llenver,  bco'v^r,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oakland  co., 
Mich.,  about  16  miles  N.  of  Detroit.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  grist-mill. 

Big  Beaver,  a  township  of  Beaver  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1559. 
It  includes  Now  Ualilee. 

Big  Beaver,  township,  Lawrence  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1406. 

Big'bee  Bridge,  a  station  in  Washington  co.,  Ala., 
on  tho  Mobile  &  Alabama  Qrand  Trunk  Railroad,  59  miles 
N.  of  Mobile,  and  on  the  Tombigbee  River,  opposite  Jackson. 

Big'bee  VaI'ley,  a  hamlet  of  Noxubee  oo..  Miss.,  12 
miles  from  Brooksville.  It  has  2  colored  churches,  a  steam 
saw-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Big  Bend,  a  post-hamlet  of  Phillips  co.,  Kansas,  8 
wiles  t?.W.  of  Phillipsburg.     It  has  several  stores. 

Big  Bend,  a  post-humlet  of  Avojelles  parish,  La.,  10 
wiles  S.K.  of  Marksville. 

Big  Bend,  township  of  Chippewa  co.,  Minn.   Pop.  331. 

ilig  Bend,  a  po^t-office  of  Venango  co..  Pa. 

Big  Bend,  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  co.,  W.  Va. 

Big  Bend,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waukesha  co.,  Wis.,  on 
Fox  River,  about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Milwaukee. 

Big  Beth'el,  a  locality  of  York  co.,  Va.,  about  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Fortress  Monroe.  Ma^or  Winthrop  was  killed 
in  battle  here,  Juno  10,  1861. 

Big  Black  Kiver,  of  Mississippi,  rises  in  or  near 
Choctaw  CO.,  runs  southwestward,  forms  the  boundary  of 
Carroll,  Holmes,  Yazoo,  and  Warren  cos.  on  the  right  hand, 
and  Attala,  Madison,  Hinds,  and  Claiborne  on  the  left,  and 
enters  the  Mississippi  at  Grand  Gulf.  It  flows  through  a 
rich  plain,  which  produces  large  crops  of  cotton.  Length, 
nearly  250  miles. 

Big  Black  River,  of  Missouri.    See  Black  River. 

Big  Blue  River,  an  affluent  of  the  Kansas,  is  formed 
by  three  branches,  called  the  North,  Middle,  and  South  Forks, 
which  rise  in  Nebraska.  The  first  and  second  unite  in 
Seward  co.,and  are  joined  by  the  West  Fork  about  15  miles 
farther  south.  The  Wast  Fork,  which  is  100  miles  long  or 
more,  rises  in  the  S.  part  of  the  state,  and  runs  eastward. 
Tho  Big  Blue  runs  nearly  southward,  passes  into  the  state 
of  Kansas,  and  enters  the  Kansas  River  at  Manhattan.  Its 
length,  including  one  branch,  is  about  300  miles. 

Big  Blue  River  rises  in  Johnson  co.,  Kansas,  runs 
northeastward,  and  enters  the  Missouri  River  in  Jackson 
CO.,  Mo.,  about  7  miles  below  Kansas  City.   Length,  50  miles. 

Big  Bone  Lick,  in  Boone  co.,  Ky.,  a  famous  salt-lick 
or  spring,  12  miles  S.  of  Burlington.  Here  many  bones  of 
extinct  species  of  animals  have  been  obtained.  It  is  evident 
that  these  animals  came  hither  to  lick  the  salt  water,  and 
perished  in  a  soil  which  was  then  probably  marshy. 

Big  Bot'tom,  a  post-office  of  Independence  co..  Ark. 

Big  Bottom,  a  village  of  Humphreys  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Duck  River,  about  5  miles  from  Johnsonville.  It  has 
several  churches,  a  steam  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Big  Bow  Creek,  Cedar  co..  Neb.,  runs  northeastward, 
and  enters  the  Missouri  River  at  St.  James. 

Big  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  Va. 

Big  Brook,  a  post-hamlct  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  19  miles 
N.  of  Utica. 

Big  Brushy,  Lavaca  co.,  Tex.    See  Bovine. 

Big  ButTalo,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co.,  W.  Va.,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Clarksburg. 

Big  Bull  Falls,  AVisconsin.    See  Wausatt. 

Big'by  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Itawamba  co.,  Miss.,  on 
the  Tombigbee  River. 

Big'byvillc,  a  hamlet  of  Maury  co.,  Tenn.,  5  miles 
from  Hurricane  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Big  Cabin,  a  station  in  the  Cherokee  country,  Indian 
Territory,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  3 
miles  S.  of  Vinita. 

Big  Cane,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Landry  parish,  La., 
about  20  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Opelousas.  It  has  2  or  3 
churches. 

Big  Cedar  Creek,  of  Iowa,  flows  into  Skunk  River 
in  Henry  co. 

Big  Cedar  Creek,  of  South  Carolina,  enters  the  Broad 
River  from  the  left,  near  the  N.W.  part  of  Richland  co. 

Big  Clear  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greenbrier  co., 
W.  ,Va.  20  miles  N.  of  Alderson  Railroad  Station.  It  has 
2  ohurcnes  and  2  grist-mills.     Coal  is  found  here. 


Big  Clifty,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grayson  co.,  Ky.,  on  tha 
Louisville,  Paduoah  A  Southwestern  Railroad,  61  miles  S. 
by  W.  of  Louisville.  It  has  4  church  orgnnizatiuns,  a 
broom-factory,  Ac.     Pop.  about  265. 

Big  Cove  Tannery,  a  post-office  and  tannery  of  Ful- 
ton  CO.,  Pa.,  8  miles  S.  of  McConnellsburg,  and  15  milei 
from  Hancock,  Md. 

Big  Creek,  of  Greene  oo.,  Ala.,  flows  into  tho  Block 
Warrior  River. 

Big  Creek,  of  Arkansas,  runs  nearly  southward  through 
Leo  and  Fhillins  cos.,  and  enters  tho  White  River  in  tho 
south  part  of  Monroe  co. 

Big  Creek,  of  Indiana,  rises  in  Ripley  co.,  runs  south- 
westward,  and  enters  Graham's  Fork  in  Jefferson  co. 

Big  Creek,  of  Kansas,  runs  eastward  through  Trego 
CO.,  intersects  Ellis  co.,  and  enters  the  Smoky  Hill  River 
about  8  miles  S.  of  Russell.     It  is  nearly  120  miles  long. 

Big  Creek,  of  Missouri,  rises  in  Harrison  co.,  runs 
southward,  and  enters  Grand  River  in  Daviess  co. 

Big  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Geneva  co.,  Ala.,  35  miles 
S.W.  of  Blakely,  Ga. 

Big  Creek,  a  station  of  Phillips  co..  Ark.,  is  on  th« 
Arkansas  Central  Railroad,  17  miles  W.  of  Helena. 

Big  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Forsyth  co.,  Ga.,  33  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Atlanta. 

Big  Creek,  a  township  of  White  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  584. 
It  contains  Chalmers. 

Big  Creek,  a  township  of  Black  Hawk  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
693,  exclusive  of  La  Porte. 

Big  Creek,  a  township  of  Ellis  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  678. 
(Post-Officcs,  Hays  City,  Martin,  Victoria,  and  Walker.) 

Big  Creek,  a  township  of  Neosho  co.,  Kansas.    P.  755. 

Big  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Russell  co.,  Kansas. 

Big  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Ky. 

Big  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Grant  parish,  La. 

Big  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calhoun  co..  Miss.,  21 
miles  E.  of  Coffeeville.     It  has  a  church. 

Big  Creek,  a  township  of  Cass  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1097. 

Big  Creek,  a  township  of  Henry  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1390. 

Big  Creek,  a  township  of  Taney  co..  Mo.     Pop.  267. 

Big  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Texas  co..  Mo. 

Big  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y. 

Big  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Stokes  co.,  N.C. 

Big  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C.,  about 
60  miles  W.  of  Columbia. 

Big  Cut,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Va.,  29  miles  by; 
rail  E.  of  Big  Stone  Gap.  ' 

Big  Cy'press,  a  bayou  or  creek,  rises  in  the  N.E.  part 
of  Texas,  and  runs  southeastward.     It  drains  portions  of 
^Titus,  Camp,  and  Upshur  cos.,  and  enters  Caddo  Lake  at ; 
Jefi'erson.     It  is  nearly  90  miles  long. 

Big  Dry  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fresno  co.,  Cal.,  It 
miles  from  Fresno  Railroad  Station, 

Big  Dry  Wood  Creek,  Missouri,  runs  northward  in 
Barton  and  Vernon  cos.,  and  enters  the  Marmiton  River  ' 
about  9  miles  W.  of  Nevada. 

Big  Eau  Claire  (o'klair'),  a  small  river  in  the  N.H. , 
central  part  of  Wisconsin,  flows  through  the  E.  part  of 
Marathon  co.,  and  enters  the  Wisconsin  River  about  6  milet  | 
below  Wnusau. 

Big  Eau  Pleine,  (o'plain'),  a  river  of  Marathon  co., 
Wis.,  runs  southeastward,  and  enters  the  Wisconsin  River] 
in  the  S.  part  of  that  county.     It  is  about  70  miles  long. 

Big  Eddy,  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.     See  NAnnowsBURO. 

Big'eloAV,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  Kansas,  851 
miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Atchison.     It  has  several  stores.] 

Bigelow,  a  post-village  of  Nobles  co.,  Minn.,  in  Bigeloir  I 
township,  on  the  Sioux  City  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  188  miles  I 
S.W.  of  St.  Paul.     It  is  1607  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea, 
and  is  the  highest  point  between  St.  Paul  and  Sioux  City.  I 
Pop.  of  township,  191.     It  has  a  cheese-factory. 

Bigelow,  a  post- village  of  Holt  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Tarkiol 
River,  and  on  the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  <fe  Council  Blufiii| 
Railroad,  38  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Joseph.  It  has  a  church,  2| 
hotels,  2  drug-stores,  Ac. 

Big  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alamance  co.,  N.C,  2  mile 
from  the  North  Carolina  Railroad,  and  62  miles  W.N.W.  ot 
Raleigh.  It  has  a  church,  a  cotton-mill,  and  a  flour-mill  o^ 
Haw  River. 

Big  Fishing  Creek  enters  the  Bald  Eagle  Creek 
Clinton  co..  Pa.,  about  4  miles  W.  of  Lock  Haven. 

Big  Flat,  a  hamlet  of  Baxter  CO.,  Ark.     It  has  a  chnrcl 

Big  Flats,  a  post-village  of  Chemung  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Big 
Flats  township,  on  the  Chemung  River  and  on  the  Eri« 
Railroad,    10   miles  N.W.  of  Elmira.    The  village  has  ' 
churches,  2  grist-mills,  a  saw-mill,  a  creamery,  a  cigar-fa 
tory,  Ac.    Pop.  about  500  j  of  the  township,  1902. 


Bia 


647 


BIG 


Big  Flats,  a  post-township  of  Adams  oo.,  "Wis.,  20 
miles  from  Grand  Rapids.     Pop.  154. 

Big  Foot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  Ind.,  9  miles 
from  Rochester. 

Big  Root  Prairie,  a  post-hamlet  of  McHenry  co., 
111.,  is  on  the  line  between  Illinois  and  Wisconsin,  6  miles 
N.  of  Harvard  Junction.  It  has  a  church  and  a  carriage- 
shop. 

Big  Fork,  a  post-oflSce  of  Polk  co.,  Ark. 

Big'ga,  one  of  the  Shetland  islands,  in  Yell  Sound, 
Scotland. 

Big'gar,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  and  11  niles  E.S.E.  of 
Lanark,  on  a  railway.  It  consists  mostly  of  one  long  and 
wide  street,  and  has  a  parish  church,  chapel,  bank  agency, 
savings-bank,  and  subscription  libraries.     Pop.  1471. 

Big'ger,  a  township  of  Jennings  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  945. 
It  contains  San  Jacinto. 

Big'gerton,  a  station  in  Linn  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Burling- 
ton &  Southwestern  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Laclede. 

Big  Glace  Bay,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Port  Caledokia. 

Biggleswade,  big'gelz-wid,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
and  9i  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bedford,  on  a  railway,  and  on  the 
navigable  river  Ivel.  The  town  is  neatly  built,  and  has  a 
manuftictory  of  thread  lace.  The  market  is  still  one  of  the 
largest  in  England  for  corn.     Pop.  4244. 

Big  Grove,  a  township  of  Kendall  co..  Ill,  Pop.  1726. 
It  contains  Newark. 

Big  Grove,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  786. 

Big  Grove,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1.^1 1. 

Biggs,  a  post-town  of  Butte  co.,  Cal.,  in  a  fine  fruit- 
growing section,  near  the  Feather  River,  73  miles  by  rail 
N.  of  Sacramento.  It  has  6  church  organizations,  a  bank, 
water-works,  grain -mills  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop. 
about  900. 

Biggs,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Mason  co.,  111.,  on 
the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  <fc  Western  Railroad,  9  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Havana. 

Bigg's  Si'ding,  a  station  on  the  Queen  Anne's  &.  Kent 
Railroad,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Centreville,  Md. 

Biggs'viile,  a  post-village  of  Henderson  co..  111.,  in 
Biggsville  township,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  <fc 
Quincy  Railroad,  194  miles  from  Chicago,  and  15  miles 
E.N.E  of  Burlington,  Iowa.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flouring- 
mill,  a  graded  school,  a  brick-yard,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Pop.  353;  of  the  township,  1406. 

Bigha,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Biga. 

Big  Hatcliie,  hatch'ee,  a  station  in  Haywood  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Memphis  <fc  Louisville  Railroiid,  48  miles 
N.E.  of  Memphis. 

Big  Hatchie  River.    See  Hatohie. 

Big  Hill,  a  station  in  Gilpin  co.,  Col.,  on  the  Colorado 
Central  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Black  Hawk. 

Big  Plill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Ky.,  15  miles 
S.E.  of  Richmond.     It  has  a  saw-mill  and  several  stores. 

Big  HoI'low,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  17 
miles  N.W.  of  Catskill.     It  has  2  stores. 

Big  Horn,  a  station  in  Custer  co.,  Montana,  on  the 
Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  88  miles  W.  of  Miles  City. 

Big  Horn,  a  station  in  Rio  Ariba  co..  New  Mexico,  on 
the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  48  miles  S.  of  Ala- 
mosa, Col. 

Big  Horn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sheridan  co.,  Wyoming, 
about  9  miles  S.  of  Sheridan.     It  has  several  stores. 

Big  Horn  Mountains,  a  range  of  mountains  in  the 
N.  part  of  Wyoming,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Big  Horn  River. 
They  are  partly  composed  of  Lower  Silurian  rocks,  but  the 
central  nucleus  is  granite.  "Some of  the  more  lofty  peaks," 
says  Hayden,  "are  from  8000  to  12,000  feet  above  the 
sea,  and  are  covered  with  perpetual  snow."  The  range  is 
nearly  180  miles  long,  and  has  a  general  trend  nearly  N.W. 
and  S.E. 

Big  Horn  River  rises  in  the  Rocky  Mountains  in  the 
W.  part  of  Wyoming  Territory.  It  runs  in  an  E.S.E.  di- 
rection, lat.  43°  N.,  Ion.  108°  30'  W.,  and  this  first  part  of 
its  course  is  called  Wind  River.  It  afterwards  pursues  a 
northward  course,  passes  through  the  Big  Horn  Mountains 
into  Montana,  and  enters  the  Yellowstone  River  about  lat. 
46°  15'  N.,  Ion.  107°  24'  W.  It  is  the  largest  affluent  of  the 
Yellowstone,  and  is  about  550  miles  long.  The  region  trav- 
ersed by  this  river  is  mostly  mountainous.  Some  geograph- 
ers confine  the  name  Big  Horn  to  the  part  of  the  river  which 
is  N.  of  the  Big  Horn  Mountains. 

Bight  of  Benin,  ben-een',  the  northern  portion  of  the 
Gulf  of  Guinea,  between  the  Slave  Coast  and  Calabar  River. 
,The  coast  is  iron-bound,  and  the  rivers  offer  little  facility 
for  traffic. 

Bight  of  Biafra,  be-afra,  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantic, 


on  the  W.  coast  of  Africa,  between  Cape  Formosa  and  Capo 
Lopez,  within  Ion.  5°  and  10°  E.,  and  containing  the  islands 
of  Fernando  Po,  Prince's,  and  St.  Thomas.  It  receives  the 
Cameroons,  Malimba,  Mooney,  and  Old  Calabar  Rivers, 

Big  Indian,  ind'yan,  a  ])ost-hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Ind., 
12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Logansport. 

Big  Indian,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ulster  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Ulster  <fc  Delaware  Railroad,  36  miles  N.W.  of  Rondout. 

Big  Indian  Creeli,  Indiana,  drains  part  of  Floyd  co., 
runs  southwestward  through  Harrison  co.,  and  enters  the 
Ohio  River.     It  is  about  50  miles  long. 

Big  Island,  i'land,  a  station  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Pine  Island  Branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  8  miles  S.W.  of 
Goshen. 

Big  Island,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  0.     Pop.  940, 

Big  Island,  a  post-hamlct  of  Bedford  co.,  Va.,  on  James 
River,  and  on  the  James  River  Canal,  19  miles  above  Lynch- 
burg. In  the  vicinity  are  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  an  iron- 
furnace,  and  the  North  Bedford  Institute.     Pop.  about  100. 

Big  Island,  Pictou  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  an  island  in  the 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  sheltering  the  east  end  of  Merigomish 
Harbor,  7  miles  E.  of  Pictou. 

Big  I'vey,  a  township,  Buncombe  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1270, 

Big  Laguna,  13,-goo'ni,  post-office,  San  Diego  co.,  Cal, 

Big  JLake,  a  large  lake  in  the  marshy  region  of  the 
S.E.  of  Missouri  and  the  N.E.  of  Arkansas,  traversed  by 
Little  River. 

Big  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Sherburne  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Big  Lake  township,  on  Elk  River  and  Big  Lake,  and  on 
the  St.  Paul  &  Pacific  R.iilroad,  48  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Paul. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  225, 

Big  Laurel,  law'r^l,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co., 
N.C,  in  Big  Laurel  township,  13  miles  N.  of  Marshall,  and 
8  miles  N.E.  of  Hot  Springs. 

Big'ler  (post-office,  Williams  Grove),  a  station  in  Clear- 
field CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Tyrone  &  Clearfield  Railroad,  9  miles 
S.E.  of  Clearfield. 

Big'lerville,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co.,  Pa.,  7  miles 
by  rail  N.  from  Gettysburg,  and  24  miles  from  Carlisle.  It 
has  a  church,  manufactures  of  rakes,  brick,  chairs,  Ac,  and 
several  stores.     Pop.  120, 

Big'ley's  Tip'ple,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg  &  Con- 
nellsville  Railroad,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

Big  Lick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stanly  co.,  N.C,  in  Big 
Lick  township,  about  30  miles  E.  of  Charlotte.  It  has  a 
church,  and  several  stores  and  other  business  concerns.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1688, 

Big  Lick,  a  township  of  Hancock  co.,  0,     Pop.  1179, 

Big  Lick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.,  Tenn.,  10 
miles  S.  of  Crossville. 

Big  Lick,  Roanoke  co.,  Va.     See  Roanoke. 

Big  Lick  Junction,  in  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  is  in  Ly- 
kens  township,  on  the  Summit  Branch  Railroad,  5  miles  by 
rail  N.E.  from  Lykcns,  and  at  the  junction  of  a  branch  ex- 
tending to  Big  Lick  colliery,  li  miles  distant,  where  an- 
thracite coal  is  mined. 

Big  Mine  Run  Junction,  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  is  on 
the  Mahanoy  &  Shamokin  Railroad,  1  mile  E.  of  Ashland. 

Big  Mound,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  111.     Pop.  1168. 

Big  Mound,  a  post-village  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa,  about  32 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Keokuk.  It  has  a  church.  Here  is  a 
mound  30  feet  high  on  the  prairie. 

Big  Mud'dy,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  111.,  15  miles 
S.E.  of  Duquoin. 

Big  Muddy  River,  Illinois,  is  formed  by  two  branches 
which  rise  in  Jefferson  co.  It  runs  southward  and  south- 
westward,  intersects  Franklin  and  Jackson  cos.,  and  enters 
the  Mississippi  River  about  5  miles  below  Grand  Tower. 
Its  length  is  estimated  at  140  miles. 

Big  Neck,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  oo.,  111.,  about  22 
miles  N.E.  of  Quincy. 

Big  Nemaha,  a  river  of  Nebraska.    See  Nemaha. 

Big  North  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Baxter  co.,  Ark. 

Big  Oak  Flat,  a  post-village  of  Tuolumne  co.,  Cal,, 
about  66  miles  E.  by  S.  from  Stockton.  Gold  is  found  here. 
It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  township,  1249. 

Big  Opeon'go,  a  lake  in  the  rear  of  the  co.  of  Hast- 
ings, Ontario,  about  40  miles  long  by  20  miles  wide.  It 
abounds  with  salmon  trout, 

Bigorre,  bee'goRR',  an  old  subdivision  of  Southwestern 
France,  province  of  Gascony,  now  forming  part  of  the  de- 
partment of  Hautes-Pyr6n6es,    See  Bagneres-de-Bigorre. 

Big  Ot'ter,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  W.  Va. 

Big  Patch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co..  Wis.,  5  miles 
S.  of  Platteville.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Big  Pigeon  (pTj'un)  River  rises  in  Haywood  co.,  N.C, 
runs  towards  the  N.  and  N.W.,  passes  into  Tennessee,  and 


BIG 


648 


IBIQ 


•Dters  the  Freneh  Broad  River  in  Cocke  oo.  It  is  nearly 
120  mile*  lung. 

Big  Pine,  a  poat-homlet  of  Inyo  oo.,  Cal.,  in  Owena 
River  Valley. 

Big  Pine  Creek,  Indiana.    Sec  Pink  Crrek. 

Big  Pine  Creek,  a  post-offioo  of  Mudison  co.,  N.C. 

Big  Pine  (or  Piney)  Creek, Texaa,  intersecta  Trinity 
00.,  and  ontora  the  Neobes  Uiver  at  tiio  E.  extremity  of 
thnt  oounty. 

Big  Pine-Tree  Creek,  of  Korshaw  co.,  B.C.,  flows 
Into  tlie  Wiiturco,  near  Camden. 

Bi?  Pi'ney,  a  township  of  Pulaski  co..  Mo.  Pop.  641. 

Big  Piney,  a  hamlet  of  Texas  co..  Mo.,  35  miles  from 
Rullii.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Big  Plain,  a  post-office  of  Madison  CO.,  0.,  at  Califor- 
nia, a  hamlet  about  18  miles  S.W.  of  Columbus. 

Big  Plover  (pluv'^r)  River,  of  Wisconsin,  rises  to- 
wards I  ho  X.E.  part  of  the  stato,  and  flows  into  the  Wis- 
oon.sin  at  Portage  Court-IIouse. 

Big  Pond,  a  post-office  of  Baxter  co.,  Ark. 

Big  Pond,  a  post-haralot  of  Bradford  oo.,  Pa.,  about 
20  miles  S.  of  KImira,  N.Y.     It  has  a  church. 

Big  Prnirie,  prfi'ree,  a  post-township  of  Newaygo  co., 
Mich.,  is  drained  by  Muskegon  Ilivor.  The  post-office  is 
6  miles  from  Morgan  llailroad  Station.     Pop.  400. 

Big  Prnirie,  township,  New  Madrid  oo.,  Mo.    P.  1089. 

Big  Prairie,  a  post-villago  of  Wayne  oo.,  0.,  and  a 
station  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  llailroad, 
13  miles  S.W.  of  Wooster.     It  has  a  church. 

Big  Rap'ids,  a  city,  capital  of  Mecosta  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Muskegon  River,  and  on  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana 
Railroad,  55  miles  N.  of  the  city  of  Grand  Rapids,  and  88 
miles  S.  of  Traverse  City.  A  branch  of  the  Chicago  & 
Michigan  Lake  Shore  Railroad  connects  it  with  Muskegon. 
It  has  2  banks,  10  churches,  2  daily  and  3  weekly  news- 
papers, 2  foundries,  2  machine-shops,  several  mills,  and 
furniture-factories.  It  is  an  important  lumber-market,  and 
has  extensive  manufactures  of  lumber,  shingles,  <Sec.  Pop. 
in  1880,  :<5o2;  in  1890,  5265. 

Big  Rapids  Junction,  a  station  in  Muskegon  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Michigan  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  4 
miles  N.  of  Muskegon,  at  the  junction  of  the  Big  Rapids 
Branch. 

Big  Ree'dy,  a  post-office  of  Edmondson  co.,  Ky. 

Big  Ren'ox,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co.,  Ky. 

Big  Riv'cr,  Missouri,  drains  part  of  Washington  co., 
runs  northward  through  .Jefferson  co.,  and  enters  the  Mar- 
amec  River  about  3  miles  S.  of  Eureka  Station  on  the  Mis- 
souri Pacific  Railroad.     It  is  nearly  125  miles  long. 

Big  River,  township,  Mendocino  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  1911. 

Big  River,  a  township  of  Jefferson  oo.,  Mo.     P.  2033. 

Big  River,  a  township  of  St.  Franjois  co.,  Mo.  P.  436. 

Big  River,  a  post-office  of  Pierce  co.,  Wis. 

Big  River  Mills,  a  post-village  of  St.  Francois  co.. 
Mo.,  on  Big  River,  about  60  miles  S.  by  W.  of  St.  Louis. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Big  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kane  co..  111.,  in  Big  Rock 
township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Iowa  Railroad,  at  Blunt  Station, 
52  miles  AV.  of  Chicago.  The  township  has  3  churches. 
Pop.  829. 

Big  Rock,  a  post-village  of  Scott  oo.,  Iowa,  in  Liberty 
township,  on  the  Wapsipinicon  River,  and  on  the  Davenport 
&  St.  Paul  Railroad,  20  miles  N.N.W,  of  Davenport.  It 
has  2  churches  and  2  flour-mills. 

Big  Rock,  a  hamlet  of  Buchanan  co.,  'Va.,  70  miles 
from  Sultville.     It  has  a  church. 

Big  Run,  a  post-village  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  in  Rome 
township,  on  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  26  miles 
W.  by  S.  from  Marietta.  It  is  a  shipping-point  for  coal, 
petroleum,  and  timber,  which  abound  here. 

Big  Run,  a  post-borough  of  Jefferson  co.,  Pa.,  on  Ma- 
honing Creek,  15  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Du  Bois.  It  has 
.S  churches,  2  saw-mills,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  grist- 
mill, a  foundry,  Ac.     Pop.  731. 

Big  San'dy,  a  post-village  of  Benton  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
Big  Sandy  River  and  the  Louisville  &  Memphis  Railroad, 
147  miles  N.E.  of  Memphis.     It  has  a  church  and  a  mill. 

Big  Sandy,  a  post-village  of  Upshur  co.,  Tex.,  and  a 
station  on  the  Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad,  24  miles  W.  of 
Longview  Junction.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Big  Sandy  Creek,  Colorado,  drains  part  of  Douglas 
•0.,  runs  southeastward,  traverses  Elbert  eo.,  and  enters  the 
Arkansas  River  in  Bent  co.     It  is  nearly  200  miles  long. 

Big  Sandy  Creek,  Indiana,  falls  into  the  Ohio  in 
Spencer  co. 

Big  Sandy  Creek,  Nebraska,  rises  in  Clay  co.,  runs 
■oatbeastward  through  Thayer  co.,  and  enters  the  Little 


Blue  River  about  12  miles  N.W.  of  Fairbury.    It  is  nearly 
70  miles  long. 

Big  Sandy  River,  Kentucky.    See  Sanhy  River. 

Big  Sandy  River,  Tennessee,  runs  in  a  N.N.E.  di- 
rection, drains  parts  of  Carroll  and  Benton  cos.,  and  enti' 
the  Tennessee  River  in  Henry  co.,  where  the  Meiiiplii^ 
Louisville  Railroad  crosses  that  river.     It  is  nearly  lOu 
miles  long. 

Big  Sandy  River,  Wyoming,  rises  in  the  Wind  River 
Mountains,  runs  southward,  and  enters  Green  Uiver  about 
22  miles  N.  of  Bryan.     Length,  nearly  100  miles. 

Big  Snvan'na,  a  post-office  of  Dawson  co.,  Ga. 

Big  Shnn'ty,  a  station  in  Cobb  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Western 
<fc  Atlantic  Railroad,  28  miles  N.W.  of  AtlanU. 

Big  Shanty,  a  station  in  McKean  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Buf- 
falo, Bradford  •&  Pittsburg  Railroad,  19  miles  S.  of  Carrull- 
ton,  N.Y. 

Big  Sioux  (soo)  River,  rises  in  the  E.  part  of  Dakota, 
flows  nearly  southward  through  Moody  and  Minnehaha 
COS.,  below  which  it  forms  the  boundary  between  Dakota  nnd 
Iowa,  and  enters  the  Missouri  River  at  the  S.E.  extremity 
of  Dakota,  about  2  miles  above  Sioux  City.  It  is  about  300 
miles  long.     It  traverses  fertile  undulating  prairies. 

Big  Skin  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Lewis  oo.,  W.  Ya., 
33  miles  from  Clarksburg. 

Big  Sni'bar  Creek,  enters  the  Missouri  River  from 
the  right  in  Lafayette  co..  Mo.,  5  miles  above  Lexington. 

Big  South  Fork  of  the  Cumberland  River  rises  in  or 
near  Fentress  co.,  Tenn.  It  runs  nearly  northward  into 
Kentucky,  and  enters  the  Cumberland  in  Pulaski  co.,  about 
8  miles  S.  of  Somerset.     It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Big  Spring,  a  post-township  of  Shelby  oo.,  111.,  about 
18  miles  S.E.  of  Shelbyville.     Pop.  1755. 

Big  Spring,  a  hamlet  of  Boone  co.,  Ind.,  in  Marion 
township,  9  miles  from  Zionsville  Railroad  Station.  It  has 
a  church. 

Big  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Iowa. 

Big  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Breckenridge  co.,  Ky., 
about  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Louisville.  The  village,  which  is 
partly  in  Hardin  and  Meade  cos.,  has  a  church,  and  a  plough- 
factory.     Pop.  134. 

Big  Spring,  a  station  in  Bullitt  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Bants- 
town  Branch  of  tho  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  27 
miles  S.  of  Louisville. 

Big  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich.,  about 
14  miles  N.W.  of  Grand  Rapids. 

Big  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Mo.,  10 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Danville. 

Big  Spring,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Deuel  co..  Neb., 
69  miles  by  rail  W.  of  North  Platte.  It  has  a  church,  a 
bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  244. 

Big  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  N.C. 

Big  Spring,  a  township  of  Seneca  co.,  0.  Pop.  2084. 
It  includes  Adrian  and  New  Riegel. 

Big  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.,  Pa.,  3 
miles  from  Newville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Big  Spring,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Howard  co., 
Tex.,  on  the  Texas  &  Pacific  Railway,  108  miles  W.  of 
Abilene.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  1500. 

Big  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co..  Wis.,  9 
miles  N.E.  of  Kilbourn  City.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  200. 

Big  Spring  Depot,  a  summer  resort  of  Montgomery 
CO..  Va.,  73  miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Lynchburg.  It  has 
a  church  and  several  hotels  and  stores. 

Big  Springs,  Crawford  co.,  Ind.,  now  called  MAnKNCO. 

Big  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Douglas  co.,  Kansas, 
about  14  miles  W.  by  N.  from  Lawrence.     It  has  2  churches. 

Big  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co..  Miss.,  17  milei 
W.N.W.  of  West  Point.     It  has  2  churches. 

Big  Stone,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Minnesota,  has 
an  area  of  about  450  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
S.W.  by  Big  Stone  Lake  and  the  Minnesota  River.  A  large 
part  of  it  is  prairie.  Capital,  Ortonville.  Pop.  in  1880, 
3688;  in  1890,  6722. 

Big  Stone,  a  post-hamlet  of  Big  Stone  co.,  Minn.,  10 
miles  N.  of  Ortonville  and  22  miles  S.W.  of  Morris. 

Big  Stone  City,  a' post- village  of  Grant  co.,  S.D.,  on 
Big  Stone  Lake,  and  on  the  Hastings  &  Dakota  Railroad, 
li  miles  from  Ortonville,  Minn. 

Big  Stone  Gap,  a  thriving  post-town  of  Wise  co.,  Va., 
66  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Bristol.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks, 
manufactures  of  iron  products,  an  academy,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Big  Stone  Lake,  on  the  boundary  between  Grant  co., 
S.D.,  and  Big  Stone  co.,  Minn.,  is  about  25  miles  long  by  S 
miles  wide.     It  is  drained  by  the  Minnesota  River. 


BIG 


649 


BIL 


Big  Snamico,  Brown  co.,  AVis.    See  Suamico. 

I^Big  Tancook,  Nova  Scotia.     See  Tancook  Islands. 
fffiig  Thompson,  Colorado.     See  Lovelaxd. 
,KBig  Thompson  (tomp'spn)  Creek,  Colorado,  rises  in 
the  Kocky  Mountains  near  Long's  Peak,  runs  eastward, 
and  enters  the  Platte,  10  miles  above  Evans. 
1    Big  Tim'ber,  a  post-town  of  Parlj  co.,  Mont.,  81  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Billings.     It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  and  a 
inewspaper  office.     Pop.  .300. 

i  Big  Timber  Creek,  New  Jersey,  forms  part  of  the 
[boundary  between  Camden  and  Gloucester  cos.,  and  enters 
'the  Delaware  River  5  miles  below  the  city  of  Camden. 
■  j  Big  Tree  Cor'ners,a  post-office  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  at 
[Big  Tree  Station  on  the  Buffalo  &,  Jamestown  Railroad,  9 
jmiles  S.  of  Buffalo. 

j  Big  Trees,  a  post-office  of  Calaveras  co.,  Cal.,  40  miles 
[E.N.E.  of  Milton  Railroad  Station,  and  about  60  miles  E.N.E. 
lof  Stockton.  Altitude,  4600  feet.  Here  is  a  grove  of  about 
190  enormous  trees  of  the  genus  Sequoia,  some  of  which  are 
|30  feet  in  diameter  and  over  300  feet  high. 
I  Big  Tun'nel,  a  station  in  Montgomery  to.,  Va.,  on 
the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad,  80  miles  W.  by 
&,  of  Lynchburg. 

:  Big  VaI'ley,  a  post-village  of  Lampasas  co.,  Tex.,  120 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Austin.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill, 
(and  a  saw-mill. 

j    Big  Vermil'ion  River,  Indiana.     See  Vermilion. 
j    Big  Wal'nut,  a  station  in  Franklin  co.,  0.,  on  the  Bal- 
timore &  Ohio  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of  Columbus. 
j    Big  Wal'nut  Creek  rises  in  the  N.  central  part  of 
[Ohio,  and  enters  the  Scioto  about  12  miles  S.  of  Columbus. 

Big  Woods,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calcasieu  parish.  La. 
!    Bihacs,  or   Bihatch,  bce^h3,tch',  sometimes  written 
.Bihach  or  Bihacz,  a  town  of  Europe,  in  Bosnia,  on  an 
island  in  the  Unna,  65  miles  W.  of  Banialooka.  Pop.  3000. 

Bihar,  bee'han',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Bihar^  8 
miles  N.  of  Grosswardein.     Pop.  2501. 

Bihar,  a  county  of  Hungary,  bounded  E.  by  Transyl- 
vania. It  is  mountainous  in  the  E.,  and  in  the  W.  lias 
large  marshes  and  barren  heaths,  but  is  generally  fertile. 
Area,  4279  square  miles.  Chief  town,  Debreczin.  Capital, 
Grosswardein.     Pop.  555,337. 

Biisk,  a  town  of  Siberia.     See  Busk. 

Bijaigarh.     See  Be.jigiiur. 

Bijanagur,  or  Bijnagur,  bcej'ni-gur',  sometimes 
written  Bijainagar  and  Bisnagur  (anc.  7?{;V<^a)ia.7a/-a, 
t.e.,  "  city  of  triumph"),  a  deserted  city  of  Southern  India, 
presidency  of  Madras,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Bellary,  on  the 
Toombuddra.  Lat.  15°  14'  N. ;  Ion.  76°  37'  E.  The  city  is 
8  miles  in  circumference,  and  is  enclosed  by  the  river  and 
other  natural  barriers,  or  by  strong  walls.  Principal  edifices, 
the  granite  temples  of  Siva,  Krishna,  Ganesa,  and  Rama, 
and  the  residence  of  the  rajah.  Some  singular  sculptures 
are  found  on  the  rocks  in  the  Toombuddra.  Bijanagur  was 
founded  in  1336,  and  in  the  sixteenth  century  was  the  capital 
of  an  extensive  kingdom,  which  was  destroyed  and  its  cap- 
ital sacked  by  the  Mohammedans  in  1564. 

Bijawar,  Bejawer,  be-jaw'^r,  or  Bejour,  be-jow'§r, 
a  native  state  of  Hindostan,  in  Bundelcund,  with  a  capital 
of  the  same  name,  75  miles  S.E.  of  Jhansi.  Area,  900  square 
miles.     Pop.  90,000. 

Bijbahar,  beej'bi-har',  or  Vijapara,  vee'ja-pi-r.l',  a 
large  town  of  Cashmere,  25  miles  S.E.  of  the  city  of  Cash- 
mere, on  the  Jhylum.     Lat.  33°  37'  N. ;  Ion.  76°  4'  E. 

Bij'na,  a  petty  state  of  Hindostan,  in  Bundelcund. 
Area,  27  square  miles.     Pop.  2800. 

Bijnagur,  a  city  of  India.    See  Bijanagur. 

Bijnaur,  or  Bijnour,  bij'nijwr,  a  district  of  the 
North-West  Provinces,  British  India.  Lat.  29°  l'-29°  68' 
N. ;  Ion.  78°  l'-78°  55'  E.  Area,  1902  square  miles.  Capi- 
tal, Bijnaur.     Pop.  737,152. 

Bijnaur,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the  above  district. 
Lat.  29°  22'  36"  N. ;  Ion.  70°  10'  30"  E.     Pop.  12,865. 

Bijooja  Islands,  of  Africa.     See  Bissagos. 

Bijou  (be'zhoo')  Ba'sin,  a  post-office  of  El  Paso  co.. 
Col.,  in  a  valley  of  its  own  name,  55  miles  S.E.  of  Denver. 

Bijou  or  Bijoux  (be^zhoo')  Creek,  Colorado,  runs 
!  northward,  and  enters  the  South  Fork  of  Platte  River  near 
•  Deuel.     Length,  about  150  miles. 

:  Bijou  Hills,  a  post-village  of  Brule  co.,  S.D.,  20  miles 
I  S.  of  Puckwana.  It  has  a  church  and  a  bank.  Pop.  about 
;  100. 

Bysk,  Biisk,  or  Biysk,  beesk  or  be-isk',  a  town  of 
,  Siberia,  government  and  270  miles  S.  of  Tomsk,  at  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Bija  and  the  Katoonia.     Pop.  3432. 

Bilaspur,  a  town  of  India.    See  BELASPOon. 

Bilbao,  bil-bi'o,  or  Belvao,  bfil-vi'o,  often  written 
42 


and  pronounced,  in  English,  Bilboa,  bil'bo-a,  a  city  and 
port  of  Spain,  capital  of  the  province  of  Biscay,  on  the 
Nerva,  6  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  28  miles  N.  of  Vitoria. 
Lat.  43°  14'  3"  N. ;  Ion.  2°  56'  5"  AV.  It  is  connected  with 
the  interior  by  a  railway.  It  is  enclosed  by  lofty  moun- 
tains, and  is  well  built.  A  fine  promenade  borders  the 
river,  which  is  here  crossed  by  several  bridges ;  convents 
and  monasteries  are  numerous ;  it  has  also  a  large  hospital, 
town  hall,  arsenal,  and  slaughter-house.  Principal  manu- 
factures, hardwares,  anchors,  leather,  paper,  hats,  tobacco, 
and  earthenware ;  there  are  large  rope-wallcs,  and  docks  for 
ship-building,  with  iron-  and  copper-mines  in  the  vicinity. 
Exports  comprise  iron,  fish,  fruits,  and  iron  ore.  Bilbao  was 
founded  in  1300 ;  at  the  end  of  the  fifteenth  century  it  be- 
came the  seat  of  the  famous  consulado,  originally  established 
at  Burgos,  and  having  the  highest  authority  in  Spain  as  a 
commercial  tribunal.  Bilbao  was  besieged  3  years  and  10 
months  by  the  Carlists,  1872-1876.     Pop.  26,357. 

Bil'destone,  a  town  and  parish  of  Suffolk  co.,  Eng- 
land, IH  miles  N.AV.  of  Ipswich.     Pop.  808. 

Bildt,  beelt,  Het  Bildt,  hot  bcelt,  or  'T  Bildt, 
t'beelt,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Friesland,  10  miles 
N.N.AV.  of  Leeuwardcn.     Pop.  8362. 

Biledjik,  or  Biledschjik,  bee'lod-zheek',  a  town  of 
Asia  Minor,  vilayet  of  Brusa,  100  miles  S.E.  of  Constanti- 
nople.    Pop.  5000. 
Biledulgerid.    See  Beled-el-Jereed. 
Bilgoray,  or  Bielgorai,  beergo-ri',  a  town  of  Rus- 
sian Poland,  47  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lublin,  on  the  Lada.   It  has 
manufactures  of  hats  and  leather.     Pop.  6168. 
Bilgraad,  the  Turkish  for  Belgrade. 
Bilgram,  a  town  of  India.    See  Belgraji. 
Bilhour,  or  Bilhaur,  bil'howr,  a  town  of  the  Cawn- 
poor  district,  India,  lat.  26°  50'  N.,  Ion.  80°  9'  E.    P.  5954. 
Biliarsk,  beeMe-aRsk',  a  village  of  Russia,  government 
and  68  miles  S.E.  of  Kazan.     Pop.  2500. 

Bilin,be-leen'(Bohemian,Z?^?/»n,  be-lee'nl;  L.  lieli'nn), 
a  town  of  Bohemia,  5  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Dux,  on  the  Bila. 
It  has  two  castles,  and  mineral  springs.     Pop.  3803. 

Bilinbacvsk,  bee-lin-b3,-6vsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment of  Perm,  in  the  Ural  Mountains,  30  miles  W.  of 
Yekaterinboorg.     It  has  extensive  iron-works. 

Biliran,  be-le-rin',  one  of  the  Philippine  Islands,  N. 
of  Leyte.     Lat.  11°  27'  N. ;  Ion.  124°  30'  E. 
Bilitio,  the  ancient  name  of  Bellixzoxa. 
Biliui,  a  river  of  Siberia.     See  Yxliooi. 
Bilke,  beel'keh,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Beregh,  19 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Munkacs.     Pop.  3633. 

BiHerbeck,  bil']§r-b5k\  a  town  of  Prussia,  Westpha- 
lia, on  a  railway,  15  miles  AV.N.W.  of  MUnstcr.     Pop.  1496. 
Billerbeck,  or  Friedrichshuld,  free'driKs-h<5olt', 
a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Rum- 
melsburg.     Pop.  290. 

Billerica,bil'ler-ik-a,  a  handsome  post-village  of  Mid- 
dlesex CO.,  Mass.,  in  Billerica township,  on  the  Concord  River, 
and  on  the  Bedford  &  Billerica  Railroad,  2  miles  from  the 
Boston,  Lowell  &  Nashua  Railroad,  and  19  miles  N.W.  of 
Boston.     It  contains  3  churches,  a  town  hall,  and  an  institu- 
tion called  the  Howe  School.     The  township  contains  a  vil- 
lage named  North  Billerica,  which  has  chemical  works  and 
2  woollen-mills.     Pop.  of  township,  in  1890,  2098. 
Billerica  Mills,  Mass.     See  North  Billerica. 
Bil'lericay,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Essex,  24  miles 
E.N.E.  of  London.     Pop.  1451. 
Billeton,  an  island  of  the  East  Indies.    See  Billiton. 
Billiers,  beePyi'  orbee'yi',  a  village  of  France,  in  Mor- 
bihan,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Vannes.     Pop.  955. 

Billighcim,  bil'liG-himo\  a  town  of  Rhenish  Bavaria, 
on  the  Klingbach,  4  miles  S.S.W.  of  Landau.     Pop.  1320. 

Bil'lings,  a  post-town  of  Christian  co.,  Mo.,  19  miles 
by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  7  churches,  a  flour- 
ing-inill,  a  bank,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  700. 

Billings,  a  city,  capital  of  Yellowstone  co.,  Montan.i,, 
on  the  Northern  Pacific  Railway,  917  miles  from  St.  Paul, 
and  238  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Helena.  It  has  4  churches,  2 
banks,  and  2  newspaper  offices.  Principal  industry,  cattle- 
and  sheep-raising.     Po]).  1500. 

Billings,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  in  La 
Grange  township,  20  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Newburg. 

Bil'lingsly,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Ark., 
12  miles  S.  of  Fayetteville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bil'lmgsport,  a  hamlet  in  Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Delaware,  12  miles  below  Camden,  and  1  mile  N.  of  Pauls- 
borough. 

Bil'lingsville,  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Union  township,  about  22  miles  S.  of  Richmond.  It  has  a 
church,  and  manufactory  of  farming-implements.   Pop.  110, 


IITL 


m 


BIN 


Billingsvillc,  a  hamlet  and  station  of  Cooper  oo.,  Mo., 
on  the  Boonvillo  &  Tipton  Urunch  of  the  MisHouri  Pacific 
Railroad,  7  uiilos  S.  oi  lioonville.    It  has  a  church. 

BiPlitonS  IlirictonS  or  Blitong,  blcoHon',  an 
island  of  tho  Dutch  Kiuit  Indies,  between  Sumatra  and 
Borneo.  Lat,  of  the  N.W.  j.art,  3°  13'  S. ;  Ion.  108°  7'  E. 
Aroa,  estimated  at  11 50  square  miles.  It  is  surrounded  by 
rooks  and  islcUi,  nnd  is  rich  in  tin,  iron  ore,  and  valuable 
timber.  It  exports  trciMing,  birds'  nests,  tin,  seu-wccd,  tor- 
toise-shell, nud  \Ta.x.     I'op.  21,217. 

Uillitoii  Passage,  between  tho  above  island  and 
Borneo,  is  about  130  miles  across,  and  very  dangerous. 

Billom,  bcePydji"'  or  bee^yis"',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Puy-de-Ddme,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Clermont,  It  htvs  a  com- 
munal college,  and  manufactures  of  fine  pottery.    Pop.  41Cfi. 

UiI'loW)  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Ga,,  5  miles  W.  of 
Carrullton.     It  nas  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  &c. 

Bills  Creek)  Iowa,  one  of  the  head-branches  of  Otter 
Creek,  which  it  enters  between  Warren  and  Lucas  cos. 

Bill  Town,  a  iiost-village  in  Kings  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  9 
miles  from  Kentvilfe.     Pop.  100. 

Billwilrdcr-Ausschlag,  bll'^in-dfr-owsh'l&G,  and 
Billwiirdcr-Steiiidaniin,  stin'd&m,  a  town  of  Ger- 
many, territory  and  6  miles  E.S.E.  of  Hamburg.  It  has 
manufactures  of  white  lead,  borax,  ship's  breiid,  starch,  etc. 
Pop.  0004.  It  is  in  the  marshy  district  called  Billwarder, 
which  gives  name  to  several  other  villages. 

Bill  Williams  (wil'yamz)  River,  Arizona,  drains  part 
of  Mohave  co.,  and  runs  southward  to  tho  boundary  be- 
tween Mohave  and  Yuma  cos.  It  finally  flows  westward 
until  it  enters  the  Colorado  at  Aubrey.     Length,  250  miles. 

Bilma,  bil'mi,  a  district  of  tho  Kawar  valley,  Sahara, 
■with  a  town  of  the  same  name,  about  lat.  18°  40'  N.,  Ion. 
14°  E.  From  salt-pools  near  it  a  largo  supply  of  excellent 
salt  is  obtained.    The  people  are  Tibboos. 

Biloxi,  be-lox'ee,  an  incorporated  post-town  and  water- 
ing-place in  Harrison  co..  Miss.,  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  80 
miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  New  Orleans,  and  61  miles  from 
Mobile.  It  has  6  churches,  a  tin-can  manufactory,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  extensive  industries  in  the  way  of  packing 
and  shipping  oysters,  fruits,  and  vegetables.     Pop.  3234. 

Bilsa,  bil'si  (anc.  Bilvesa),  a  town  of  India,  183  miles 
S.  of  Gwalior,  on  the  Betwah.     Pop.  3000. 

Bilsce,  or  Bilsi,  bil'see,  a  town  of  Budaon  district, 
British  India,     Lat.  20°  9' N.;  Ion.  79°  E.     Pop.  5282. 

Bilscn,  bil's§n,  a  town  of  Belgium,  Limbourg,  at  a 
railwaj'  junction,  8  miles  S.E,  of  Hasselt,  on  the  Demer. 
Pop.  3500,  It  has  manufactures  of  cutlery  and  earthen- 
wares, and  a  convent  of  tho  Holy  Sepulchre. 

Bils'ton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Stafford,  2J  miles 
S.E.  of  Wolverhampton,  on  two  railways.  It  is  irregularly 
built,  but  has  many  good  residences.  The  manufacturing 
industry  of  Bilston  is  very  great.  The  manufactures  include 
tin,  japanned,  and  enamelled  wares  of  every  kind,  iron 
wire,  nails,  screws,  iron  gates  and  palisades,  machinery, 
Bteam-cngines,  etc.     Pop.  24,188. 

Bilvesa,  the  ancient  name  of  Bilsa, 

Binia,  beo'mi,  a  seaport  town  of  the  island  of  Sum- 
hawa,  on  its  N.  coast,  100  miles  E.  of  the  town  of  Sumbawa. 
It  is  the  residence  of  the  sultan  and  of  a  Dutch  agent. 
Chief  exports,  timber  and  horses. 

Bimaris,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Emtre-deux-Mehs. 

Bimbcr,  Bhimbur,  bim'b^r,  or  Bhimbara,  bim'- 
ba-rd,  a  town  of  India,  in  Jamoo,  on  an  affluent  of  the 
Chcnaub,  100  miles  N.  of  Lahore,  It  consists  of  about 
1000  low  and  flat-roofed  houses, 

Bimbia,  bim'bee-i,  a  river  of  Western  Africa,  enters 
the  Bight  of  Biafra  W,  of  the  Cameroons  River.  On  its 
banks  are  many  populous  villages, 

Bimini,  a  group  of  islands.     See  Bemini  Islands. 

Bimlipatam,  oim'lj-pi.-tS.m'  (anc.  Bhimalaputana),  a 
town  of  India,  presidency  of  Madras,  17  miles  E.N.E,  of 
^'i^ag:lpatam,  on  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  It  has  a  brisk  coast- 
in  ^trado. 

Binnb,  be-nib',  a  town  of  Persia,  in  Azerbaijan,  on  the 
Bofl-Chai,  a  tributary  of  Lake  Ooroomeeyah,  on  the  W.  side 
of  the  lake,  and  55  miles  S.S.W.  of  Tabreez,  It  has  about 
1500  houses,  clean  streets,  several  good  caravansaries,  and 
an  abundance  of  water.  Around  it  are  orchards  and  vine- 
yards.    Pop.  7500. 

Bin^abo'ia,  Bnr^aboMa,  Ben^nebeo'Ia,  or 
Twelve  Pins,  a  mountain-range  of  Ireland,  in  Con- 
naught,  CO.  of  Galway,  barony  and  5  miles  N.E.  of  Balli- 
nahincb;  the  culminating  point  of  Knockannahiggen  is 
2400  feet  above  the  sea. 

Binasco,  be-nds'ko.  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  11 
miles  N.W.  of  Pa^ia,     Pop.  1340. 


Bin-Bir-Kili8B61i,  bin-bcen-kiriis-sfih',  some  ruini 
in  Asia  Minor,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Karaman,  consisting  of 
ancient  tombs  and  portions  of  early  Byzantine  churoliu.", 
by  some  supposed  to  be  the  remains  of  Lyt'trn. 

Binbrook,  or  Hall's  Corners,  post-village,  Wcnt- 
worth  CO.,  Ontario,  7i  miles  S.  of  Stoney  Creek.     Pop.  100. 

Bin'brooke,  a  village  of  England,  oo,  of  Lincoln,  7 
miles  N.E.  of  Rasen-Market.     Pop.  13:}4. 

Binche,  bin'K^h  or  binK,  a  town  of  Belgium,  province 
of  Ilainaut,  on  the  Haine,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Jlons.  It 
has  manufactures  of  cutlery  and  hardwares,  and  a  trade  in 
lace,  paper,  marble,  and  coal.     Pop.  6678, 

Bin'chcster,  a  township  of  England,  co.  of  Durham, 
IJ  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bisliop-Auckland,  It  is  supposed  to 
have  been  tho  Roman  Itiuovium. 

Bindraban,  binMr^-bdn',  or  Bindraliund,  binMnv- 
bund'  (anc,  Vrindavana),  a  town  of  British  India,  Aluttwa 
district,  on  the  Jumna,  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Agra.  It  lia.* 
several  sacred  pools  and  caves,  and  temples  of  Krishna,  one 
of  which  is  among  the  most  massive  works  of  Hindoo  archi- 
tecture.    Pop.  21,500, 

Bingcn,  bing'^n,  a  town  of  Germany,  grand  duchy  of 
Hesse,  on  the  Rhine,  at  the  influx  of  the  Nahc,  and  at  a 
railway  junction,  17  miles  W.  of  Mentz.  Its  inhabitantt 
manufacture  starch  and  leather  and  raise  superior  wines. 
It  owes  its  origin  to  the  Roman  castle  of  Drusus.  Ne;ir  it 
the  Rhine,  breaking  through  a  mountain-chain,  narrows  to 
form  the  Bingerloch,  a  dangerous  rapid.  In  tho  nciglibor- 
hood  are  Riidcsheim,  the  castle  of  Ehrenfels,  and  the  chupcl 
of  St.  Rochus ;  and  on  an  island  in  tho  Rhine  is  tlic  Mame.- 
thitrm  (i.e.,  "  mouse-tower"),  a  structure  erected  for  a  toll- 
house in  the  thirteenth  century.     Pop.  5938. 

Bing'en  (station,  Williams),  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams 
CO..  Ind.,  6  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Decatur. 

Bingen,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mecosta  co.,  Mich.,  in  Morton 
township,  12  miles  E.  of  Stanwood,     It  has  a  church. 

Bingen,  a  post-village  of  Northampton  co..  Pa.,  on  tho 
North  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  48  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  lime-kiln. 

Bingenheim,  bing'^n-hime^  a  town  of  Hesse,  16  miles 
N.  of  Hanau.     Pop,  669. 

Bingham,  bing'am,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co..  III., 
8  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Ramsey,  It  has  a  church  and  a 
graded  school.     Pop.  250. 

Bingliam,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Somerset  co.. 
Me.,  52  miles  N.  of  Augusta,  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the 
Kennebec  River.  It  has  manufactures  of  lumber  and 
starch,  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  826. 

Bingtiam,  a  township  of  Clinton  CO.,  Mich.     Pop.  2963, 

Bingham,  a  post-village  of  Lcelanaw  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Bingham  township,  on  Grand  Traverse  Bay,  9  miles  N.  by 
W,  of  Traverse  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  public  school,  a 
saw-mill,  <tc.     Pop.  about  300, 

Bingliam,  a  township  of  Orange  co.,  N.C,     Pop.  1004. 

Bingham,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  0. 

Bingham,  a  township  of  Potter  co..  Pa.     Pop.  773. 

Bingham  Caflon,kan'yon,  a  post- village  and  mining- 
camp  of  Salt  Lake  co.,  Utah,  34  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Salt 
Lake  City,  and  18  miles  W,  by  S.  of  Bingham  Junction. 
It  is  in  a  canon  surrounded  by  high  mountains.  Its  mines 
are  rich  in  gold,  silver,  lead,  and  copper.  Railroad  station, 
Bingham.     Pop.  1000. 

Bingham  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Potter  co..  Pa. 

Bingham  Junction,  a  station  in  Salt  Lake  co.,  Utah, 
on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Western  Railroad,  at  its 
junction  with  the  Bingham  and  Alta  Branche.*,  12  miles 
S,  of  Salt  Lake  City,  and  1  mile  N.  of  Sandy  Station. 

Bingham  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Cottonwood  co., 
Minn.,  on  the  Sioux  City  &  St.  Paul  Railro.ad.  57  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Mankato.  It  is  in  Lakeside  township,  on  a 
beautiful  lake.  Elevation,  1401  feet.  It  has  an  elevator 
and  a  steam  flour-mill.     The  township  contains  37  lakes. 

Bingham's,  a  station  in  Kent  co.,  Del.,  on  the  Kent 
County  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Clayton. 

Bingham's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Geneva,  Ithaca  &  Sayre  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of 
Waverly.     It  has  a  lumber-mill  and  a  church. 

Bing'hamstown,  or  Saleen',  a  village  of  Ireland, 
CO,  of  Mayo,  on  the  W.  side  of  Blacksod  Bay,  2i  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Belmullet.     Pop.  154. 

Binghamton,  bing'am-t(?n,  a  post-hamlet  of  Solano 
CO.,  Cal.,  about  28  miles  S.W.  of  Sacramento. 

Binghamton,  a  village  of  Lee  co..  111.,  1  mile  E.  of 
Amboy.     It  manufactures  flour  and  farm-tools.    Pop.  200. 

Binghamton,  a  thriving  city,  the  capital  of  Broome 
CO.,  N.Y.,  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  Susquehanna  River, 
where  it  is  joined  by  its  Chenango  tributary,  and  on  the 


BIN 


651 


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Erie  Railroad,  215  miles  N.W.  of  New  York,  59  miles  E. 
of  Elmira,  and  80  miles  S.  by  E.  from  Syracuse.  It  is 
the  southern  terminus  of  the  Syracuse,  Bin^hampton  & 
New  Yorli  Railroad,  and  the  southwestern  terminus  of  the 
Albany  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  by  which  it  is  142  miles 
from  Albany.  Another  railroad  extends  southward  to 
Scranton.  It  contains  12  churches,  a  high  school,  a  Cath 
olio  academy,  4  national  banks,  2  other  banks,  the  New 
York  State  Hospital  for  the  Insane  (the  principal  building 
of  which  is  about  365  feet  long,  and  built  of  stone  and 
brick),  and  manufactures  of  flour,  steam-engines,  carriages, 
leather,  and  boots  and  shoes.  Four  daily  and  6  weekly  news- 
,  papers  are  published  here.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,692;  in  1880, 
17,317;  in  1890,  35,005. 

Binghamton,  a  township  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  adjoins 
the  city  of  Binghamton.     Pop.  2434. 

Binghamton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Outagamie  co..  Wis., 
abjut  14  miles  N.  by  AV.  from  Appleton.     It  has  2  churches, 
.    a  saw-mill,  and  a  planing-mill. 

Biiig'ley,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West  Riding, 
on  the  Aire,  and  on  the  Leeds  and  Liverpool  Canal,  15  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Leeds,  on  a  railway.  It  has  a  grammar-school 
founded  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.,  a  court-house,  sev- 
eral charities,  numerous  worsted-,  yarn-,  cotton-,  and  paper- 
manufactories,  and  some  trade  in  malt.     Pop.  9062. 

Bingley^  bing'lee,  a  hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  on  a 
railway,  2  miles  N.  of  Cazenovia.  It  has  mills  for  plaster 
and  waterlime. 

BingHang',  BinHang',  BinHam',  or  Poo'lo- 
BinUam'  (Port.  Bintao,  beenHowso'),  an  island  of  the 
Malay  Archipelago,  crossed  by  the  equator,  and  in  Ion.  104° 
4'-104°  13'  E.  Area,  440  square  miles.  The  products  are 
gambier,  ginger,  pepper,  <fec.  It  belongs  to  the  Sultan  of 
Johore,  but  is  practically  under  Dutch  control. 

Binic,  bee^neek',  a  seaport  town  of  France,  C8tes-du- 
Nord,  7  miles  N.N.W.  of  St.-Brieuc.     Pop.  2738. 

Bink'ley's  Bridge,  a  post-oifice  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa., 
on  Conestoga  Creek,  3  miles  from  Lancaster. 

Bin'newater,  a  post-village  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Rosendale  township,  on  the  Wallkill  Valley  Railroad,  7 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Kingston.  It  has  a  manufactory  of  hy- 
draulic cement  which  produces  600  barrels  of  cement  in  a 
day  and  employs  150  men.  The  cement  is  used  for  sub- 
marine masonry. 

Binns,  a  post-oflSee  of  Page  co.,  Iowa,  3  miles  from 
Coburg. 

Bin^odpoor',  a  town  of  India,  Backcrgunge  district. 
Lat.  23°  13'  22"  N. ;  Ion.  90°  19'  8"  E.     Pop.  5850. 

Binondo,  bo-non'do,  a  suburb  of  Manila  (the  capital  of 
the  Philippines),  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  Pasig 
River.     Pop.  29,211. 

Biobio,  boe'o-bee'o,  the  largest  river  in  Chili,  rises  in 
the  Andes,  flows  generally  W.N.W.,  and  enters  the  Pacific 
at  Concepcion,  after  a  course  of  300  miles.  Steamboats 
navigate  it  for  100  miles. 

Biobio,  a  province  of  Chili,  in  the  valley  of  the  river 
Bidbio.     Area,  4142  square  miles.     Pop.  in  1875,  76.498. 

Bioglio,  be-ftl'yo,  a  village  of  Italy,  5  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Biella.     Pop.  2164. 

Biograd,  the  Illyrian  name  of  Z\ra-Vecchi.v. 

Biorneborg,  Bjorneborg,  be-oR'n?h-boRg*,  or 
Bcrsburg,  birs'booRg,  a  town  of  Finland,  on  the  Kumo, 
at  its  mouth  in  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia,  60  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Abo.  Pop.  7346.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  some  ship- 
building, and  an  export  trade  in  timber,  pitch,  tar,  and  fish. 

Biot,  be-o',  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Var,  3 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Antibes.     Pop.  1367. 

Bioul,  be-ool',  a  town  of  Belgium,  8  miles  N.W.  of 
Dinant,  with  a  castle.     Pop.  1520. 

Bipontiiim,  the  Latin  for  Deux-Ponts. 

Bir,  pronounced  and  sometimes  written  Beer,  beer 
(Turk.  liireli-Jik  or  Bee'reh-Jeek ;  anc.  Dir'tha),  a  walled 
town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  120  miles  S.W.  of  Diarbokir,  on 
the  Euphrates,  115  miles  N.E.  of  Antioch.  Lat.  37°  3'  N. ; 
Ion.  38°  E.  It  has  from  1800  to  2000  houses,  with  a  citadel 
on  a  steep  rock,  and  several  mosques.  Many  other  small 
towns  in  Arabia,  Ac,  have  the  prefix  Blr,  meaning  a  "  well," 
and  it  is  the  name  of  a  river  in  Abyssinia,  tributary  to  the 
Aba'i. 

Birbhoom,  a  district  of  India.    See  BEEUBnooM. 

Bir'chardville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Susquehanna  co., 
Pa.,  about  22  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Binghamton,  N.Y. 

Birch  Cool'ey,  a  post-township  of  Renville  co.,  Minn., 
on  the  Minnesota  River,     Pop.  661. 

Birch  Creek,  a  station  in  Menominee  co.,  Mich.,  en 
the  Green  Bay  &  Lake  Superior  Railroad,  a  few  miles  N. 
of  Menominee. 


Birch  Creek,  a  former  name  of  Behxice,  Pa. 

Birch'dale,  a  township  of  Todd  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  244. 

Birch  Hill,  a  village  in  Warwick  township,  Kent  co., 
R.I.,  1  mile  from  River  Point.  It  has  a  church,  a  foundry, 
and  a  machine-shop.     Pop.  443. 

Birch'ington,  a  seaport  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  Isle 
of  Thanet,  3i  miles  W.S.W.  of  Margate,  on  a  railway.  In 
the  church  are  many  ancient  monuments.     Pop.  1137. 

Birch  Lake,  one  of  a  chain  of  lakes  on  the  line  be- 
tween Minnesota  and  Canada  (Keewatin  district),  between 
Knife  and  Bois  Blanc  Lakes. 

Birch  Point,  a  plantation  of  Somerset  co.,  Me.    P.  2. 

Birch  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nicholas  co.,  W.  Va., 
10  miles  from  Gauley  Bridge.     It  has  an  academy. 

Birch  Run,  a  small  post-village  of  Saginaw  co.,  Mich., 
in  Birch  Run  township,  and  on  the  Flint  &  Pere  Marquette 
Railroad,  18  miles  N.  of  Flint.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  1213. 

Birch  Run  Ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  3 
miles  from  Chester  Springs.  It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Birch'ton,  a  post-village  in  Compton  co.,  Quebec,  10 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Lennoxville.     Pop.  100. 

Birch  Tree,  a  post-village  of  Shannon  co.,  Mo.,  about 
100  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  2  churches  and 
extensive  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  about  600. 

Birch'wood,  a  post-hamlet  of  James  co.,  Tenn.,  18 
miles  N.  of  Cleaveland. 

Bird  City,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Cheyenne  co.,  Kansas, 
about  40  miles  N.W.  of  Colby,  and  30  miles  by  rail  W.  of 
Atwood.  It  has  2  church  organizations,  2  banks,  a  graded 
school,  with  manufactures  of  hardware,  Ac,  and  2  news- 
paper oflaces.     Pop.  145. 

Bird  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  6  miles 
from  Westminster. 

Bird  in  Hand,  formerly  £n'terprise,  a  post-village 
of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  in  East  Lampeter  township,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Lancaster.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  about  250. 

Bird  Island,  i'land,  a  small  island  oSTthe  E.  coast  of 
Cape  Breton  Island.  'Lat.  46°  23'  10"  N.;  Ion.  60°  22'  30" 
AV.     On  it  is  a  light  house. 

Bird  Island,  one  of  the  Sandwich  Islands,  Lat.  22° 
20'  N.;  Ion.  160°  W. 

Bird  Island,  one  of  the  Low  Islands,  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  near  the  middle  of  the  group. 

Bird  Island,  a  post-town  of  Renville  co.,  Minn.,  38 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Glencoe.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a 
creamery,  a  graded  school,  and  a  newspaper  oflSce.  Pop. 
about  700. 

Bird  Island  Cove,  a  large  fishing-settlement  on  the 
N.  side  of  Trinity  Bay,  Newfoundland,  3  miles  from  Bona- 
vista.     Pop.  670. 

Bird  Islands,  West  Indies.     See  Aves  Islands, 

Bird  Islands,  of  Africa.    See  Chaos. 

Bird  Rocks,  a  light-bouse  station  on  one  of  the  Mag- 
dalen Islands,  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence.  Lat.  47°  60' 
40"  N. ;  Ion.  61°  8'  20"  W. 

Birds,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co.,  HI.,  7  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Lawrenceville.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  300. 

Bird's,  a  station  in  Colleton  co.,  S.C,  on  the  South 
Carolina  Railroad,  44  miles  N.W.  of  ChaYleston. 

Bird'sall,  a  post-township  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  15 
miles  N.W.  of  Ilornellsville.  It  has  a  cheese-factory,  3 
steam  saw-mills,  and  3  churches.     Pop.  797. 

Birdsborough,  birds'biir-ruh,  a  post-village  of  Berks 
CO.,  Pa.,  ou  the  Schuylkill  River,  and  on  the  Philadelphia 
<fe  Reading  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Wilmington  <fc 
Reading  Railroad,9  miles  S.E.  of  Reading.  It  has  4  churches, 
4  iron-furnaces,  a  rolling-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  2261. 

Bird's  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Will  co..  III.,  on  the 
Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of 
Joliet.     It  is  on  the  Illinois  &  Michigan  Canal. 

Birds'eye,  a  post-town  of  Dubois  co.,  Ind.,  15  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Iluntingburg.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  750, 

Birdshan,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Bhirjan. 

Bird's  Landing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Solano  co.,  on  Mon- 
tezuma Slough,  Cal.,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Fairfield. 

Bird's  Nest,  a  hamlet  of  Northampton  co.,  Va.,  10 
miles  from  Eastville.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 

Bird'song  Creek,  in  the  W.  part  of  Tennessee,  enters 
the  Tennessee  River  from  the  left,  in  Benton  co. 

Bird's  Point,  a  station  in  Mississippi  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  opposite  Cairo,  III.,  at  the  eastern  ter- 
minus of  the  Missouri  division  of  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Moun- 
tain A  Southern  Railroad,  239  miles  by  rail  and  210  by  water 
below  St.  Louis. 

Bird's  RuH)  a  small  post-village  of  Guernsey  co,,  Om 


BIR 


652 


BIR 


on  the  Cleveland  it  Mariutta  UailntaU,  16  miles  X.  of  Cam- 
bridge.    It  has  several  storrs. 

Birdtt'ton,  or  Birds'town*  a  post-bamlet  of  Na- 
Tarro  oo.,  Tex.,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Wortbam.  It  has  several 
churches,  a  fiour-mill,  and  a  satr-mill. 

BirdsWiewS  a  post-village  of  Skagit  co.,  Oregon,  25 
miles  £.  bjr  N.  of  La  Conner. 

Birds'villc,  a  village  of  fiurko  oo.,  Qa.,  4}  miles  X.  of 
Herndon  Station.  There  are  in  the  vicinity  a  church,  a 
grain-uiill,  and  a  oottun-mill. 

Birdiivillc,  a  pust-hamlct  of  Livingston  oo.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Ohio  Uivcr,  20  miles  above  Puducah.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  grist-iuill. 

Birdsville,  a  post-offico  of  Cooke  co.,  Tenn.,  8  miles 
from  Newport. 

Bird'villC)  a  post-hamlet  of  Tarrant  co.,  Tex.,  30  miles 
W.  by  X.  from  Dallas.     It  has  2  or  3  dry-goods  stores. 

Uiruh«Jik«  the  Turkish  for  Bin,  a  town  of  Turkey. 

Bir>CS>Sebat  an  ancient  name  of  liEeitsHiiBA. 

Birioo8sa«  Birioussa,  or  Biriusa,  bo-re-oos'sH,  a 
river  of  Siberia,  one  of  the  heod-stroams  of  the  Ona,  an 
affluent  of  the  Choona,  has  a  X.  course  of  about  200  miles. 

Biriootvh,  Birioutche,  be-ro-ootch',  or  Birjutsch, 
beer-yootch',  a  town  of  Russia,  on  the  Sosna-Tikhaia,  gov- 
ernment nnd  76  miles  S.S.W.  of  Voronezh.     Pop.  3062. 

Birk'dale^  a  town  of  Lancashire,  England,  1  mile  by 
rail  S.  of  Southport.     Pop.  3375. 

Birkcnberg,  bcoii'k^n-beng,  or  Brezowa  Hora, 
bri-zo'*i  ho'r&,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  circle  of  Prague. 
Pop.  2787. 

llirkenfeid,  birk'^n-fSlt^  or  beJSn'k^n-ffilt^  a  princi- 
pality of  Germany,  belongin;:;  to  Oldenburg,  but  detached 
from  the  rest  of  that  duchy,  W.  of  the  Rhine,  and  enclosed 
by  Rhenish  Prussia.  Area,  194  square  miles.  The  surface 
is  mountainous  and  well  wooded.  Principal  river,  the  Xahe, 
an  alUuent  of  the  Rhine.  Chief  products,  cattle,  iron,  flax, 
hemp,  and  oil-seeds.  It  is  divided  into  3  anilg, — Birken- 
feld,  Oberstcin,  and  Xohfolden, — and  was  coded  to  Olden- 
burg by  the  treaty  of  Vienna,  in  1815.  Pop.  in  1875, 37,093, 
mostly  Protestants;  in  1890,  41,242. 

Birkcnfcld,  a  town  of  Germany,  capital  of  the  above, 
near  the  Xahe,  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Treves.     Pop.  2245. 

Birk'enhead,  a  thriving  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Chester,  on  the  estuary  of  the  Mersey,  immediately  oppo- 
site Liverpool,  and  15  miles  X.X.W.  of  Chester.  It  has 
wholly  risen  up  since  the  formation  of  ship-building  docks 
in  1824,  on  Wallasey  pool,  immediately  on  its  X.W.  side; 
and  in  1844  a  series  of  magnificent  docks  were  begun  on 
the  side  of  the  Mersey,  and  these  have  been  from  time  to 
time  very  greatly  extended.  Besides  many  spacious  streets 
and  dwellings,  there  are  a  large  square,  several  handsome 
churches,  a  medical  college,  an  institute,  a  church,  divinity 
school,  several  parks,  a  market-house  430  feet  in  length  and 
130  feet  in  breadth,  a  public  slaughter-house,  immense  ware- 
houses, yards  for  building  iron  ships,  machine-shops,  and  a 
great  variety  of  industrial  establishments.  Coal,  guano,  and 
grain  are  largely  imported ;  and  in  its  vicinity  are  numer- 
ous villas,  many  of  which  are  the  residences  of  Birkenhead 
and  Liverpool  merchants.  Birkenhead  has  railway  commu- 
nication with  all  parts  of  England.     Pop.  in  1891,  99,184. 

Birk'cnshaw,  a  town  of  England,  in  Yorkshire,  4 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Bradford.     Pop.  2033. 

Birket,  bcen'k^t  or  bln'k?t  ("  lake"),  the  name  of  sev- 
eral lakes  and  places  of  Egypt  and  the  East. 

Birket-el-Ballah.    See  Ballah. 

Birket-el-UadJi,  hid'jee,  or  the  "lake  of  pilgrims," 
A  small  lake  10  miles  X.E.  of  Cairo,  on  the  banks  of  which 
the  pilgrims  to  Mecca,  by  way  of  Suez,  assemble  on  their 
departure  thither,  and  separate  on  their  return. 

Birket-el-Karn  (Korn,  or  Karoon),  or  Lake 
of  the  Ilorn,  a  lake  of  Egypt,  in  the  Fayoom,  is  35 
miles  long  and  7  miles  in  greatest  breadth.  It  is  shallow 
and  brackish,  and  is  fed  by  two  streams  from  the  Xile,  but 
has  itself  no  outlet.  It  has  one  considerable  island,  and  its 
surface  is  said  to  be  100  feet  below  the  ordinary  level  of  the 
Nile.  It  affords  some  fish.  It  was  long  supposed  to  be  the 
Lake  Moeris  of  antiquity ;  but  it  has  been  ascertained  that 
the  latter  was  an  artificial  basin  which  is  now  ordinarily  dry. 

Birket-Loot,  the  Arabic  name  of  the  Dead  Ska. 

Birket-el-Marioot.    See  Mareotis. 

Birk-Fell,  a  mountain  of  England,  co.  of  Cumberland, 
on  the  S.  side  of  Ullswater,  5  miles  X.  of  Ambleside. 

Birk'ner*  a  post-village  of  St.  Clair  co..  111.,  on  the  St. 
Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  10  miles  from  East  St.  Louis, 
and  4  miles  W.  of  Belleville.  It  has  coal-mines,  and  is 
mainly  supported  by  operations  in  coal.     Pop.  about  400. 

Birks  City)  a  post-hamlet  of  Daviess  co.,  Ky.,  on  Green 


River,  10  miles  W.  of  Owonsborough.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  BiiW-mill. 

Bir'lcy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chase  oo.,  Kansas,  12  miles  S. 
of  Cottonwood  Railroad  Station. 

Biriiiah,  or  Birinan  Empire.    See  Burmah. 

Biriiieiisdorl',  bCuii'mgns-douf',  a  village  of  Switzer- 
land, canton  of  Aargau,     Pop.  981. 

Birmingham,  bjr^ming-i^m,  one  of  the  principal  mnn- 
ufacturing  towns  of  England,  co.  and  17  miles  X.W.  uf 
Warwick,  100  miles  X.W.  of  London,  and  78i  miles  S.E. 
of  Liverpool.  The  town,  on  the  Roa,  occupies  the  E.  de- 
clivity ol  three  hills.  In  its  centre  is  a  hundsomo  quiirtor, 
containing  the  grammar-school  of  Edward  IV.,  St.  I'hilip'a 
and  Christ's  churches,  Queen's  College,  Midland  Institute, 
central  free  library,  theatre,  and  other  edifices.  The  uneven 
ground  on  which  the  town  is  built  facilitates  its  drainage. 
The  superb  town  hall,  in  the  classic  style,  occupies  a  com- 
manding site;  it  is  built  of  Anglesea  marble,  and  h-xi  a 
saloon  145  feet  in  length,  65  feet  in  breadth,  and  the  same 
in  height.  The  free  grammar-school,  founded  in  1552,  is  a 
richly  decorated  Gothic  edifice,  rebuilt  in  1834,  after  the 
design  of  Sir  C.  Barry,  at  a  cost  of  nearly  £50,000.  It  has 
a  revenue  now  probnbly  amounting  to  £11,000  a  year. 
Queen's  College,  incorporated  by  royal  charter  in  1843,  and 
munificently  endowed,  is  in  connection  with  the  University 
of  London,  and  attached  to  it  are  a  medical  school  and 
Queen's  Hospital.  St.  Martin's  Church,  in  the  Bull-ring, 
was  built  in  the  eighth  century.  Other  principal  buildings 
are  a  jail,  lunatic  asylum,  theatre,  a  general  hospital,  dis- 
pensary, trade  and  corn  exchanges,  market-hall.  Catholic 
cathedral,  barracks,  club-house,  Birmingham  town  and  dis- 
trict bank.  Midland  bank,  central  post-oflice,  municipal 
buildings,  and  central  railway  station,  which  last  is  a  point 
of  junction  of  railways  from  London,  Liverpool,  Derby, 
Worcester,  <tc.  The  public  institutions  comprise  a  society 
of  artists,  with  an  academy  and  annual  exhibition  of  paint- 
ings; public  and  free  libraries;  baths,  dining-halls,  and 
clubs;  scientific  institute,  where  lectures  aro  given  and 
classes  aro  open  for  general  and  scientific  education ;  the 
Mason  College  of  Science ;  a  college  for  Dissenters,  at  Mose- 
ley ;  national  and  proprietary  schools,  and  a  great  variety 
of  other  educational  establishments ;  deaf-mute  and  Mag- 
dalenosylums;  eye  and  ear  and  lying-in  hospitals;  abotanio 
garden  and  a  horticultural  society.  There  are  three  public 
parks.  Birmingham  has  made  rapid  progress  in  manufac- 
turing industry  witliin  the  present  century.  Its  manufac- 
tures comprise  almost  every  description  of  iron  and  steel 
goods,  brass  and  iron  founding,  saddlery,  fire-arms,  cutlery, 
gold,  silver,  plated,  bronze,  ormolu,  and  japanned  wares, 
l)apier-mache  goods,  toys,  jewelry,  electro-plated  goods,  but- 
tons, steel  pens,  glass,  tools,  steam-engines,  and  all  kinds 
of  machinery.  The  annual  value  of  manufactures  has  been 
estimated  at  £4,000,000.  Among  the  manufacturing  estab- 
lishments is  the  steam-engine  factory  with  which  the  name 
of  the  celebrated  Watt  is  associated,  which  still  bears  the 
name  of  Soho,  though  removed  from  its  original  site. 
AVages  are  higher  in  Birmingham  than  in  most  of  the 
towns  of  the  north  of  England ;  and  the  condition  of  its 
artisans  is  in  favorable  contrast  to  that  exhibited  at  many 
other  places,  both  as  to  health  and  prosperity.  Birmingham 
is  the  seat  of  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop.  Land  and  building 
societies  aro  numerous.  The  town  is  rapidly  extending,  and 
the  style  of  architecture  now  adopted  is  improving.  The 
immense  coal  and  iron  beds  of  the  district  by  which  Bir- 
mingham is  surrounded  are  the  main  source  of  its  manufac- 
turing prosperity,  which  has  also  been  greatly  aided  by 
canals  communicating  with  the  Thames,  Severn,  Mersey, 
Trent,  and  Ilumber,  and  more  recently  by  railways.  This 
town  is  supposed  to  have  been  a  place  where  arms  wore 
manufactured  in  the  time  of  the  ancient  Britons ;  its  high 
commercial  importance  dates,  however,  only  from  the  sev- 
enteenth century.     Pop.  in  1871,  343,787  ;  in  1891,  429,171. 

Bir'mingham,  a  city,  capital  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ala., 
95  miles  by  rail  X.X.W.  of  Montgomery.  It  has  6  national 
banks  and  6  other  banks,  a  fine  court-house  which  cost 
$60,000,  24  churches,  8  public  and  8  private  schools,  4  roll- 
ing-mills, 9  furnaces,  2  steel-works,  several  iron-works,  and 
newspaper  oflBces,  a  saw-mill,  and  machine-shops  of  the 
South  A  Xorth  Alabama  Railroad.  Its  streets  are  trav- 
ersed by  dummv-  and  horse-railroads.  Coal  and  iron  ore 
abound  here.     Pop.  in  1880,  3086;  in  1890,  26,178. 

Birmingham,  a  post-borough  of  Xew  Haven  co.. 
Conn.,  is  on  the  Housatonic  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Xaugatuck,  and  on  the  Xaugatuck  Railroad  and  the  Xew 
Haven  &  Derby  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  New  Haven.  It 
is  i  of  a  mile  from  Derby  Station,  from  which  it  is  sepa- 
rated by  the  Xaugatuck  River.    Steamboats  ascend  the 


BIR 


653 


BIS 


Ilousatonic  River  to  this  place.  It  has  4  churches,  a  na- 
tional bank,  a  savings-bank,  an  iron-foundry,  several  roll- 
ing-mills, a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manu- 
factures of  corsets,  woollen  hose,  skirts,  gilver-plnto,  paper, 
cotton-goods,  hooks  and  eyes,  pins,  tacks  and  nails,  cutlery, 
bedsteads  of  brass  and  iron,  and  brass  goods  of  many  kinds. 
These  factories  are  partly  in  Shelton,  on  the  other  bank  of 
the  river.     Pop.  in  1890,  4413. 

Birmingham,  a  post- village  of  Schuyler  co.,  111.,  on 
La  Moin  River,  in  Birmingham  township,  6  miles  S.E.  of 
Plymouth  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour- 
mill.     Pop.  of  township,  125.3. 

Birmingham,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Miami  cc, 
Ind.,  13  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Peru. 

Birmingham,  a  post-village  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa, 
41  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Burlington,  and  10  miles  N.  of 
Keosauqua.  It  has  a  bank,  an  academy,  6  churches,  3  news- 
paper offices,  and  manufactures  of  cheese,  ploughs,  carriages, 
and  woollen  goods.     Pop.  626. 

Birmingham,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  west  bank  of  the  Tennessee  River,  about  30  miles  S.E. 
of  Paduoah.  It  has  4  churches,  and  manufactures  of  flour, 
tobacco,  wagons,  <tc.     Pop.  322. 

Birmingham,  a  post-village  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  on 
a  branch  of  Rouge  River,  18  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  De- 
troit. It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
graded  school,  iron-works,  and  manufactures  of  ploughs 
and  cultivators.     Pop.  899. 

Birmingham,  a  post-town  of  Clay  co.,  Mo.,  at  the 
junction  of  3  trunk  railroads,  80  miles  N.E.  of  Kansas  City. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  car-wheels  and 
bricks.     Pop.  401. 

Birmingham,  a  post-village  of  Burlington  co.,  K.J., 
on  the  north  branch  of  Rancocas  Creek,  in  Pembcrton  town- 
ship, and  on  a  railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Mount  Holly.  It  has 
1  or  2  flour-mills,  a  foundry,  and  a  machine-shop. 

Birmingham,  a  post- village  of  Erie  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ver- 
milion River,  7  miles  from  Lake  Erie,  and  38  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Cleveland.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  saw- 
mill.    Pop.  about  300. 

Birmingham,  or  New  Birmingham,  a  villago  of 
Guernsey  co.,  0.,  in  Monroe  township,  37  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Zanesville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  flour-mill. 
Pop.  210.     Here  is  Milnersville  Post-Officc. 

Birmingham,  a  former  borough  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa., 
on  the  left  bank  of  the  Monongahela  River,  now  forming  a 
part  of  Pittsburg. 

Birmingham,  a  township  of  Chester  co..  Pa.  Pop.  460. 
It  contains  Dilhvorthtown. 

Birmingham,  a  township  of  Delaware  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
765.     It  contains  Chadd's  Ford. 

Birmingham,  a  post-borough  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Pennsylvania  Rivilroad,  and  on  the  side  of  a  moun- 
tain, 17  miles  N.E.  of  Altoona.  It  has  3  churches,  a  female 
eeminarj',  and  manufactures  of  oxide  of  zinc.     Pop.  263. 

Birmingham  Falls.    Sec  Au  Sadle  Chasm. 

Bir^uagar',  or  L'la,  oo-13,',  a  town  of  India,  Nuddea 
district,  Bengal,  lat.  23°  14'  30"  N.,  Ion.  88°  36'  10"  E.,  65 
miles  N.  of  Calcutta.  It  is  a  place  of  pilgrimage,  and  has 
a  dispensary.     Pop.  4499, 

Bir'nam,  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  co.  and  12  miles 
N."\\^  of  Perth,  and  12  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Dunsinane.  It 
was  anciently  included  in  a  royal  forest,  which  Shakspeare 
has  immortalized  in  his  tragedy  of  Macbeth. 

Birubaum,  bScRn'bSwm  (Polish,  Miedzycltod,  me-5d^- 
tiK'od),  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland,  44  miles  AV'.N.W.  of 
Posen,  on  the  Warta.     Pop.  3207. 

Bir'nee,  or  Old  Bir'nie,  a  largo  town  of  Central 
Africa,  Bornoo,  on  the  Yeoo,  70  miles  W.  of  Kooka.  Pop. 
estimated  at  10,000.  It  covers  a  space  of  several  square 
miles,  is  enclosed  by  remains  of  substantial  walls,  and  in 
the  days  of  its  splendor  is  said  to  have  contained  a  popula- 
tion of  200,000.  New  Birnee  is  a  walled  town  of  Bornoo, 
20  miles  S.  of  Kooka. 

Bir'ney,  a  post-office  of  Bradford  co..  Pa. 

Biron,  bee^r6s»',  a  town  of  France,  Dordogne,  22  miles 
S.E.  of  Bergerac.     Pop.  501. 

Birr,  becR,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Aargau, 
3  miles  S.  of  Brugg.  Here  Pestalozzi  commenced  his  cele- 
brated system  of  education  in  1768.     Pop.  509. 

Birr,  bir,  or  Par'sonstown,  a  market-town  of  Ire- 
land, in  Kings  co.,  on  a  railwaj',  62  miles  W.S.W.  of  Dub- 
lin. It  is  a  well-built  town,  with  a  castle  belonging  to  the 
Earl  of  Rosse.  It  was  known  under  the  name  o,'  Biorra  in 
the  sixth  century,  and  in  the  ninth  was  the  stronghold  of 
the  O'Carrols.  Here  is  Lord  Rosse's  great  reflecting  tele- 
icope.    Pod.  4939, 


Birresborn,  beeR'n^s-bonn',  a  hamlet  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  about  40  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Treves.     Pop.  947. 

Birse,  beeR'seh,  a  river  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Bern. 

Birsk,  becRsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Oren- 
boorg,  on  the  Bela'ia,  50  miles  N.W,  of  Oofa.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  silk,  woollen,  and  cotton.     Pop.  3841. 

Bir'stall,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West  Riding, 
7  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Leeds.  It  has  woollen-  and  worsted- 
mills,  cotton-  and  silk-factories,  and  coal-  and  iron-mines. 
Pop.  6044, 

Birtha,  the  ancient  name  of  Tekrit. 

Birth'right,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hopkins  co.,  Tex.,  30 
miles  from  Brookton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Biru,  a  country  of  Africa.     See  Beeroo. 

Bisaccia,  be-sit'chi  (anc.  liom'xdpe  or  liom'nla),  a 
town  of  Italy,  province  and  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Avellino. 
It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  5342. 

Bisacquino,  be-6S.k-kwee'no,  Busaquino,  boo-si- 
kwee'no,  or  Busacchino,  boo-s3,k-kee'no,  a  town  of 
Sicily,  27  miles  S.  of  Palermo,  with  an  extensive  trade  in 
grain,  oil,  and  lint.     Pop.  8690. 

Bisagno,  be-s5,n'yo,  a  fertile  and  highly  cultivated  dis- 
trict in  the  vicinity  of  Genoa,  gives  name  to  the  river 
which,  passing  the  eastern  walls  of  the  city,  falls  into  the 
Mediterranean  near  the  lazaretto. 

Bisalpur,  a  town  of  India.     See  Beesulpoor. 

Bisano,  be-si'no,  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
olT  the  N.E.  extremity  of  Celebes.     Circumference,  2(1  miles. 

Bisayas,  be-si'is,  a  name  given  by  the  Spaniards  to 
all  the  Philippine  Islands  between  Luzon  and  Mindanao. 

Bis'bee,  a  mining  post-town  of  Cochise  co.,  Arizona, 
about  45  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Tombstone.  Here  are  the 
works  of  the  Copper  Queen  Consolidated  Mining  Company, 
of  New  York,  the  output  of  whose  mines  is  claimed  to  be 
about  the  fifth  largest  in  the  world.     Pop.  1500. 

Biscara,  a  town  of  Algeria.    See  Biskara. 

Bis'cay,  or  Biscaya,  bis-ki'i  (Sp.  Vizcaya,  vces-ki'i 
or  veeth-ki'i),  one  of  the  three  Basque  provinces  of  North- 
ern Spain,  bounded  N,  by  the  Bay  of  Biscay,  S.  by  the 
province  of  Alava,  E.  by  Guipuzcoa,  and  W.  by  Santander. 
Area,  845  square  miles.  Capital,  Bilbao.  Pop.  in  1870, 
187,926.  Under  the  name  of  Biscay  are  sometimes  com- 
prehended the  three  Basque  provinces  of  Biscay,  Guipuz- 
coa, and  Alava.  See  Basque. Adj.  and  inhab,  Biscay' an. 

Biscay,  Bay  of.    See  Bay  op  Biscay. 

Biscayne  (bis-kain')  Bay,  near  the  southern  ex- 
tremity of  Florida,  opens  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  175  miles 
N.E.  of  Key  West, 

Bisceglia,  be-sh5l'yi  or  be-shil'yi,  a  seaport  town  of 
Italy,  on  the  Adriatic,  21  miles  by  rail  W,N.W.  of  Bari.  It 
has  many  fine  villas,  a  number  of  convents,  several  public  res- 
ervoirs, a  diocesan  school,  and  a  theatre.  Its  port  admits 
only  small  vessels,  and  its  trade  is  small.     Pop.  21,518. 

Bischheim,  bish'hime,  a  town  of  Alsace,  2  miles  N.  of 
Strasburg.     Pop.  3828. 

Bischofsburg,  bish'ofs-booRG*,  a  town  of  East  Prus 
sia,  on  the  Dimmer,  60  miles  S.S.E.  of  Konigsberg.  It  ha« 
manufactures  of  linen  yarn  and  fabrics.     Pop.  3787. 

Bischofsheim  am  Rhein,bish'ofs-hime^  Im  rine,  or 
Khein-Bischofsheim,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Baden, 

19  miles  S.W.  of  Rastadt.     Pop.  1686. 
Bischofsheim  am  Tauber,  bish'ofs-hime*  im  tow'- 

b§r,  or  Tauber- Bischofsheim,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Baden,  19  miles  S.W.  of  Wurzburg.     Pop.  2833. 

Bischofsheim  vor  der  Rhon,  bish'ofs-hime^  foR 
dJR  ron,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Bavaria,  40  miles  N.E.  of 
Wiirzburg.     Pop.  1470. 

Bischofs-Laak,  bish'ofs-lSk*,  a  town  of  Austria- 
Hungary,  in  Carniola,  15  miles  N.E,  of  Laybach.   Pop.  2050, 

Bischofsstein,  bish'ofs-stine^  a  town  of  East  Prus- 
sia, 46  miles  S.S.E.  of  Konigsberg.  It  has  manufactures  of 
hosiery,  leather,  and  woollen  and  linen  fabrics.     Pop.  3498. 

BischofsAVerda,  bish'ofs-^5B^d4,  a  town  of  the  king- 
dom of  Saxony,  on  the  railway  from  Dresden  to  Bautzen, 

20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Dresden.  It  has  manufactures  of  linen 
and  woollen  fabrics.     Pop.  3924. 

Bischofswerder,bish'ofs-w8rMer  (Polish,  Biskupiecz, 
bis-koo'pe-6tch),  a  town  of  West  Prussia,  on  a  railway,  25 
miles  S.E.  of  Marienwerder.     Pop.  2061. 

Bischofszell,  bish'ofs-ts5ir  {i.e.,  "bishop's  cell"),  a 
town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Thurgau,  on  the  Sitter,  near 
the  Thur,  11  miles  S.S.E.  of  Constance.     Pop.  1624. 

Bischof-Teinitz,  bish'of-ti'nits,  or  Teinitz,  a  town 
of  Bohemia,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Pilsen.  It  has  a  noble  castle 
and  park,  manufactories  of  lace  and  linens,  and  glass-works. 
Pop.  2800. 

Bischweiler,  bish'^i-l^r  (Fr.  Biachwiller,  beesh'veoP- 


BIS 


(\54 


BIS 


IaiR')i  a  town  of  AUaoo,  on  the  Modor,  nnd  on  a  railway,  14 
miles  N.  of  Strasburg.  It  ba«  uiauufauturus  uf  woullun 
and  linon  cloths,  gloves,  and  eiirthou wares.  It  hus  ulfo 
trade  in  leather,  beer,  and  agricultural  produce.  In  Us 
environs  is  the  rich  iron-mine  of  Mittulbardt.  Pop.  ^'2'il. 
Suo  UiTSCinvKiLKn. 

Bisentit  be-sdn'toe,  or  Biscnto,  bo-sin'to,  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  and  14  miles  8.E.  of  Teramo.     Pop.  2796. 

Bi8CUtina»  bo-t^dn-too'nA,  or  Posscntiuu,  p&d-i^fin- 
tco'n&,  an  islet  of  Italy,  in  Luke  Uolt^ena. 

Biscuz,  bco'tiiut^,  a  town  of  Moravia,  11  miles  S.W.  of 
Ilradisoh.  It  has  a  fine  eastle  and  gardens,  and  grows  o.\- 
oellcnt  wines.     Pop.  348G. 

Bisert,  be-saiut',  or  Vyscrt,  ve-saint',  a  river  of  Rus- 
sia, guvcrnment  of  Perm,  riscK  in  the  Ural  Mountains,  and, 
after  a  S.W.  course  of  about  80  miles,  joins  the  Oofa  a  little 
above  Knisno-Oofimsk. 

Biserta,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Bizerta. 

Bish^anpoor'  Nar'han  Khas,  a  town  of  India, 
district  and  about  25  miles  S.S.E.  of  Durbungah,  ncarthe 
Little  Gunduck  Kiver.     Pop.  5266. 

Bish'op,  a  post-town  of  Inyo  co.,  Cal.,  in  a  fine  fruit- 
growing region  at  the  foot  of  the  Sierra  Nevadivs,  about  30 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Independence.  It  has  2  churches,  flour- 
and  planing-mills,  an  academy,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Pop.  about  400. 

Bishop,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mason  co.,  111.,  11  miles  by 
rail  N.E.  of  Havana. 

Bishop,  a  post-office  of  Jewell  oo.,  Kansas. 

Bishop  and  Clerk,  a  group  of  islands  in  the  Pacific, 
S.W.  of  New  Zealand.     Lat.  55°  15'  S. ;  Ion.  158°  56'  E. 

Bishop  and  Clerks,  klarks,  a  group  of  rocky  islands 
in  St.  George's  Channel,  off  the  coast  of  Pembrokeshire, 
Wales,  5  miles  W.  of  St.  David's. 

Bishop>  Auckland,  awk'land,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
of  Durham,  II  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Durham.  It  has  a 
palace  of  the  Bishop  of  Durham,  a  fine  town  house,  cotton- 
factories,  engine-works,  and  some  collieries.     Pop.  8736. 

Bish'opbridge,  or  Bish'opbriggs,  a  village  of 
Scotland,  co.  of  Lanark,  3  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Glasgow. 
The  quarries  in  its  vicinity  furnish  much  of  the  freestone 
of  which  Glasgow  is  built.     Pop.  782. 

Bish'op  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  III.,  on  the 
Peoria  A  Rock  Island  Railroad,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Galva.  It 
has  3  churches,  public  schools,  and  several  stores. 

Bish'op's  Caslle,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Salop, 
18  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Shrewsbury.  The  town  contains 
remains  of  a  castle  of  the  Bishops  of  Hereford.     Pop.  1805. 

Bish'op's  Gate,  a  village  in  Brant  co.,  Ontario,  7 
miles  from  Brantford.     Pop.  200. 

Bish'op's  Head,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dorchester  co.,  Md. 

Bish'op's  Alills,  a  post-village  in  Orenville  co.,  On- 
tario, 5  miles  from  Oxford.     Pop.  150. 

Bish'op's  Stort'ford,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  and  10 
miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Hertford.     Pop.  of  parish,  6250. 

Bish'op  Street,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jcflerson  co.,  N.Y., 
8  miles  from  Adams  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Bish'op's  Walt'ham,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of 
Hants,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Winchester.     Pop.  2267. 

Bish'opthorpe,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  and  5  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  York.  The  ]>alacc  hero  has  been  the  residence 
of  the  Archbishop  of  York  since  the  destruction  of  Cawood 
Castle  in  the  parliamentary  war. 

Bish'opton,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Renfrew,  8 
miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Greenock.     Pop.  323. 

Bish'opville,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co.,  Md.,  on 
an  inlet  of  the  sea  called  St.  Martin's  River,  2  miles  from 
Selbyville  Station,  Del.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  a 
lumber-mill,  and  several  general  stores.  Pop.  about  250. 
Many  perch  and  rock-fish  are  shipped  here. 

Bishopville,a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  0.,  in  Homer 
township,  about  32  miles  S.  of  Zanesville.    It  has  2  churches. 

Bishopville,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Sumter 
CO.,  S.C.,  45  miles  E.M.B.  of  Columbia.  It  has  3  churches. 
Pop.  1701. 

Bish'op-Wear'mouth,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of 
Durham,  and  forming  the  S.  part  of  the  town  of  Sunderland. 

Sec  SUNDEULAXD. 

Bisignano,  bc-seen-yi'no  (anc.  liesid'iae),  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  and  14  miles  N.  of  Coscnza.  It  Is  defended 
by  a  citadel,  and  contains  several  convents  and  churches, 
a  seminary,  2  hospitals,  and  a  house  of  refuge.     Pop.  4450. 

Biskara,  Biscara,  bis'ka-ri,  or  Biskra,  bis'kri,  a 
town  of  Algeria,  Sahara,  214  miics  S.E.  of  Algiers.  Lat.  34° 
47'  N. ;  Ion.  5°  22'  E.     Pop.  7367. 

Biskupiecz,  the  Polish  for  BiscHOFswERDEn. 

Bis'ley,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Gloucester,  3^  miles 


E.N.E.  of  Stroud.  It  has  a  church,  an  endowed  free  school, 
and  manufactures  of  woollens.     Pop.  of  parish,  •lil85. 

Bismarck,  biz'mark,  a  post-humletof  Hot  Springs  oo., 
Ark.,  17  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Arkadelphia. 

Bismarck,  a  post-village  of  Yerrailion  oo..  111.,  10 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Danville.     Pop.  about  150. 

Bismarck,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chtyton  oo.,  Iowa,  50 
miles  N.W.  of  Dubuque,  and  5  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Buulah . 

Bismarck,  a  post-hamlet  of  Eaton  oo,,  Mich.,  about 
25  miles  W.  of  Lansing.  It  has  a  cheese-factory,  and 
mtinufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  250. 

Bismarck,  a  township  of  Sibley  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  181. 

Bismarck,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co..  Miss.,  near 
Pearl  River,  about  15  miles  S.  of  Montecello. 

Bismarck,  a  post-village  and  Railroad  junction  of  St. 
Francois  co.,  Mo.,  75  miles  S.  by  W.  from  St.  Louis.  It 
has  manufactures  of  carriages  and  lime,  and  mines  of  lead 
(gHlena).     Fine  granite  is  found  here. 

Bismarck,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cuming  co.,  Neb.,  on  the 
Elkhorn  River,  6  miles  S.  from  Wisner,  and  about  72  miles 
N.W.  of  Omaha.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Bismarck,  a  city,  the  capital  of  North  Dakota  nnd 
the  seat  of  justice  of  Burleigh  co.,  is  situated  on  the  Wm- 
souri  River  whore  it  is  crossed  by  the  Northern  Pacific 
Railroad,  445  miles  N.  by  W.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  6 
churches,  2  national  and  2  private  bunks,  a  flouring-mill, 
machine-shop,  foundry,  brewery,  <tc.,  a  Catholic  seminary, 
and  printing-offices  which  issue  a  daily  and  2  weekly  news- 
papers.    Pop.  in  1890,  2186. 

Bismarck,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huron  co.,  0.,in  Shcriuan 
township,  about  12  miles  S.W.  of  Norwalk.     It  has  achurch. 

Bismarck,  a  post-village  of  Lebanon  co.,  Pa.,  in  Corn- 
wall township,  2  miles  W.  of  Cornwall  Railroad  Station.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  furniture. 

Bis'mark,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  37  miles  by  rail 
N.  of  Magdeburg,  with  6  yearly  markets.     Pop.  2065. 

Bisnagur,  a  deserted  city  of  India.     See  Buanacur. 

Bison  (bi's9n)  Peak,  Col.,  a  mountain  in  lat.  3'J°  14' 
15"  N.,  Ion.  105°  29'  50"  W.;  has  an  altitude  of  12,.'527  feet. 

Bissagos,  bis-si'gocc,  or  Bijoo'Ja  Islands,  oft'  the 
AV.  coast  of  Africa,  consist  of  16  largo  and  numerous  small 
islands,  between  lat.  10°  2'  and  11°  55'  N.  and  Ion.  ]5°and 
17°  W.,  with  many  fine  ports.  They  are  in  part  claimed 
by  Portugal.  Tho  Bissagos  are  very  unhealthy,  and  aro 
densely  peoi)led  by  a  savage  negro  race.  The  chief  products 
are  rico  and  fruit,  and  many  cattle  are  reared. 

BissSio,  bis-sdwK<>',  or  Bassilo,  b&s-sdwN'<>',  an  island 
and  Portuguese  settlement,  opposite  the  delta  of  tho  Jeba 
River.  Lat.  of  tho  fort,  11°  51'  N.;  Ion.  15°  37'  6"  W. 
Pop.  8000.  This  island  was  tho  great  stronghold  of  the  Por- 
tuguese slave-trade.  It  has  considerable  trade  in  hides,  rice, 
wax,  and  Gambia  produce. 

Bis'sell's,  a  post-office  of  Geauga  co,,  0. 

Bisser,  a  state  of  India.    See  Blssaher. 

Bissingen,  bis'sing-^n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  41  miles  S. 
of  Anspach.  Pop.  459.  Bissingen  is  also  tho  name  of 
several  villages  of  Wiirtemberg,  the  j)rincipal  of  which  is 
19  miles  S.E.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1548. 

Bis^solee',  or  Bisuli,  bis*soo-leo'  (anc.  Visavili),  a 
town  of  British  India,  in  the  Punjab,  on  the  Ravcc,  95 
miles  N.E.  of  Lahore.  It  has  a  large  bazaar,  and  a  vast 
palace,  one  of  the  finest  of  its  kind  in  the  East,  and  re- 
sembling a  European  feudal  mansion. 

Bis^sumpoor',  Bishnupur,  bish'niih-poor',  or 
Bish'enpore'  (anc.  VixImupHrn),  a  town  of  the  Bati- 
coorah  district,  Bengal,  77  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Calcutta.  It 
has  many  mosques  and  temples,  with  extensive  remains  of 
antiquity.  A  large  si!k-manufacturo  and  tho  carving  of 
stone  cups  and  plates  are  carried  on.     Pop.  18,047. 

Bistagno,  bis-tin'yo,  a  town  of  Italy,  21  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Alexandria.     Pop.  2107. 

Bistam,  bis-tilm',  or  Bostam,  bos-t&m',  a  town  of 
Persia,  province  of  Khorassan,  40  miles  S.E.  of  Astrabad. 

Bistmeau,  bisHin'o',  a  lake,  situated  near  tho  N.AV. 
extremity  of  Louisiana,  forms  the  boundary  between  Bos- 
sier and  Bienville  parishes,  and  extends  N.  and  S.  about  30 
miles,  following  the  bondings,  with  a  mean  breadth  of  about 
2  miles.  The  Dorcheat  Bnyou  enters  the  lake  at  the  N.  ex- 
tremity, and  a  short  outlet  connects  it  with  Red  River  on 
the  S.     Steamboats  navigate  its  whole  extent. 

Bistricza,  bis-treet'sil,  a  town  of  Croatia,  18  miles  N.E. 
of  Agram.     Pip.,  with  commune,  6117. 

Bistritz,  bis'trits,  a  river  of  Transylvania,  rises  in  the 
Bistritz  Mountains,  and  joins  the  Szamos  after  a  W.  course 
of  about  50  miles. 

Bistritz,  a  river,  rises  at  the  E.  extremity  of  Hungary, 
flows  S.E.  through  Bukowina  and  Moldavia,  and  joins  the 


BIS 


655- 


BLA 


Sereth  near  Bakau.    Length,  about  110  miles.    It  is  named 
the  "  Golden  Bistritz,"  from  its  auriferous  sands. 

Uistritz,  a  fortified  town  of  Transylvania,  in  Saxon- 
land,  on  the  Bistritz  River,  50  miles  N.E.  of  Klausenburg. 
It  has  several  churches,  a  gymnasium,  grammar-schools,  and 
A  considerable  trade  in  cattle.     Pop.  7212. 

Bistritz,  a  town  of  Moldavia,  on  the  "Golden"  Bis- 
tritz, 60  miles  W.S.W.  of  Yassy.  Bistritz  is  also  the  name 
of  several  villages  in  Moravia,  Bohemia,  and  Illyria. 

Ilisiili,  a  town  of  India.     See  Bissolee. 

Uisutoon,  or  Bisutun.     See  Behistun. 

Bitbiirg,  bit'booRG,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  17miles 
N.W.  of  Treves.  Near  it  many  Roman  antiquities  have 
been  discovered.     Pop.  2360. 

Kitchc,  a  town  of  Alsace-Lorraine.     See  Bitsch. 

Ititetto,  be-tSt'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  10  miles  by  rail  S. 
of  Bari.     Pop.  5340. 

Bithoor,  or  Bithnr,  beeHhoor',  a  town  of  India,  12 
miles  N.W.  of  Cawnpoor,  on  the  Ganges.     Pop.  8322. 

Bithyn'ia,  an  ancient  country  in  the  N.W.  of  Asia 
Minor,  bounded  N.  by  the  Black  Sea  and  W.  by  the  Sea  of 
Marmora.  It  was  long  a  Persian  satrapy,  was  an  inde- 
pendent kingdom  from  278  to  274  B.C.,  and  then  became  a 
lioman  province.  In  1298  it  was  conquered  by  the  Turks, 
who  have  held  the  greater  part  of  it  ever  since.  Ancient 
capitals,  Nicomedia  and  Nicsea. 

Bitioog,  Bitioug,  or  Biting,  bo-te-oog',  a  river  of 
Russia,  rises  in  the  southern  part  of  the  government  of  Tam- 
bov, and,  after  a  S.  course  of  above  130  miles,  joins  the  Don 
on  the  left  about  15  miles  above  Pavlovsk. 
i      Bitlis,  bitMees'  or  bit'liss',  or  Betlis,  bet-lees',  written 
j  also  Biddis  and  Bedlis,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  62 
miles  AV.  of  Van,  on  the  W.  side  of  Lake  Van,  and  5156 
!  feet  above  the  sea-level.     It  is  irregularly  built,  and  its 
I  stone  houses  give  it  the  appearance  of  a  European  town. 
I  It  contains  3  mosques,  12  convents,  some  baths  and  caravan- 
!  saries,  and  an  old  castle.     It  has  manufactures  of  cotton 
cloths  celebrated  for  their  bright-red  dye,  also  of  fire-arms 
and  silver  articles,  and  it  exports  tobacco  of  superior  qual- 
ity.    Pop.  12,000. 

Bitonto,  be-ton'to  (anc.  Bitim'txim),  a  town  of  Italy, 
10  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Bari.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  is  hand- 
somely built  and  thriving,  and  has  a  fine  cathedral.  Ex- 
cellent wine  and  oil  are  raised  in  the  vicinity.    Pop.  24,978. 

Bitritto,  be-trit'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  6i  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Bari.     It  has  commerce  in  wine.     Pop.  2300. 

Bitsch,  or  Bitche,  beetch,  a  town  and  fortress  of  Al- 
sace-Lorraine, in  a  pass  of  the  Vosges,  16  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Saargemiind.  The  fort,  on  an  isolated  rock  in  the  middle 
of  the  town,  is  well  supplied  with  water,  and  is  regarded  as 
next  to  impregnable.  In  the  war  of  1870-71  it  was  be- 
sieged and  bombarded,  but  held  out  against  Germany  till 
the  end  of  the  war.  The  town,  near  a  lake,  has  manufac- 
tures of  paper  and  porcelain,  and  near  it  are  large  glass- 
works.    Pop.  3047. 

Bitschweiler,  bcetch'*i'ler  (in  French,  Bitschwiller, 
beetch^vecriaiR'),  a  town  of  Alsace,  18  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Belfort,  on  the  Thuren.  It  has  extensive  iron-foundries, 
manufactures  of  machinery,  and  cotton-spinning.  Pop. 
2842.     See  Bischweiler. 

Bit'ter  Creek,  Wyoming,  rises  in  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains, runs  nearly  westward  in  Sweetwater  co.,  and  enters 
Green  River  about  1  mile  from  Green  River  Station  of  the 
Pacific  Railroad.     Coal  or  lignite  abounds  near  this  creek. 

Bitter  Creek,  a  station  in  Sweetwater  co.,  Wyoming, 
on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  212  miles  W.  of  Laramie. 

Bittcrfeld,  bit'ter-ffilt\  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Mulde,  at  a  railway  junction,  18  miles 
N.E.  of  Ilalle.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth  and 
earthenware,  and  was  founded  by  a  colony  of  Flemings  in 
the  twelfth  century.     Pop.  4972. 

Bitter  Lakes,  two  basins,  known  respectively  as  the 
Great  and  Small  Bitter  Lakes,  on  the  Isthmus  of  Suez,  are 
traversed  by  the  Suez  Canal,  and  together  afibrd  23  miles  of 
the  canal's  course.  The  smaller  lake  is  6  miles  N.  of  Suez, 
iind  the  larger  is  between  the  small  lake  and  Lake  Timsah. 
When  the  canal  was  cut  these  lakes  were  nearly  dry. 

Bitter  Root  Mountains,  a  range  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  extending  along  the  boundary  between  Idaho 
and  Montana.  The  range  extends  from  lat.  45°  30'  nearly 
to  48°  N.  Gold  is  found  near  these  mountains,  which  are 
mostly  composed  of  granite  or  eozoic  rocks. 

Bitter  Uoot  River,  Montana,  rises  in  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  runs  northward,  drains  part  of  Missoula  co.,  and 
unites  with  the  Hell  Gate  River  about  3  miles  below  Mis- 
soula. The  stream  formed  by  this  junction  is  variously 
oalled  Bitter  Root  or  Missoula,  and  is  a  branch  of  Clarke's 


River.  The  upper  part  of  the  Bitter  Root  is  sometimes 
called  St.  Mary's  River.     Gold  is  found  near  this  river. 

Bitter  Water,  a  post-office  of  San  Benito  co.,  Cal. 

Bitti,  bit'tee,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sardiniii,  58 
miles  S.E.  of  Sassari.     Pop.  3072. 

Bittoor,  a  town  of  British  India.     See  Bithoob. 

Bituntum,  the  ancient  name  of  Bitonto. 

Bituriges,  the  ancient  name  of  Bouuges. 

Biturritse,  the  ancient  name  of  Bedarripes. 

Biv'en's  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  Iowa. 

Biveri,  be-vi'roe,  Biviere,  be-ve-d'rA,  or  Lentiui, 
]5n-tee'nee,  a  lake  of  Sicily,  17  miles  W.N.W.  of  Agosta, 
In  winter  it  is  about  19  miles  in  circuit,  but  a  great  part  of 
it  is  in  summer  a  pestiferous  marsh.     It  afibrds  much  fish. 

Biv'ingsville,  a  village  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C.,  oj 
miles  from  Spartanburg  Court-House.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
cotton-factory,  a  grist-mill,  &c.     Pop.  about  600. 

Bivio,  a  village  of  Switzerland.     See  Stalla. 

Bivona,  be-vo'ni  (anc.  Hippo'nium  and  Vi'ho),  i»  town 
of  Sicily,  21  miles  N.N.W.  of  Girgenti.     Pop.  4017. 

Biwako,  a  lake  of  Japan.    See  Gits  Mitsoo. 

Biysk,  a  town  of  Siberia.     See  Busk. 

Bize,  beez,  a  village  of  France,  in  Aude,  11  miles  N.W» 
of  Narbonne.     Pop.  1280. 

Bizerta,  be-zCR't3,,  or  Benzerta,  b5n-z6u't3,  (ano. 
IIip']io  Zir'itns  or  Zar'yUis),  the  most  northern  town  of 
Africa,  a  fortified  seaport  of  Tunis,  at  the  head  of  a  gulf  of 
the  Mediterranean,  and  at  the  mouth  of  a  lagoon,  38  miles. 
N.W.  of  Tunis.  It  is  defended  by  two  castles,  but  is  com- 
manded by  adjacent  heights.  Though  its  port  now  admits 
only  small  vessels,  it  was  formerly  one  of  the  best  in  th» 
Mediterranean.   Its  lagoon  has  important  fisheries.   P.  8000. 

Bizovac,  bee'so*  vik',  a  village  of  Hungary,  in  Slavonia . 
12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Eszek.     Pop.  6663. 

Bj.  Names  of  places  in  Russia,  <tc.,  beginning  with  these 
letters  arc  referred  to  Bi. 

Bjorko,  byoR'ko,  an  island  of  Sweden,  in  Lake  Maelar, 
about  13  miles  from  Stockholm.  On  it  are  many  ruins,and 
it  is  supposed  that  here  stood  the  city  of  Bjorko. 

Black,  a  station  on  the  Northern  Railroad  of  California, 
20  miles  N.  of  Davisvillo. 

Black,  a  township  of  Posey  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  0291.  It 
contains  the  city  of  Mount  Vernon. 

Black,  a  station  in  Kent  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Kent  County 
Railroad,  14  miles  by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Chestertown. 

Black  Ash,  a  post-office  of  Henry  co.,  0.,  is  at  Standley. 
Station  on  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Railroad. 

Black  Ash,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Cochranton.     It  has  a  church. 

Black  Band,  a  post-office  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.,  on' 
the  Marietta,  Pittsburg  &  Cleveland  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of 
Dover. 

Black  Bayou,  bi'oo,  a  small  stream  of  Terre  Bonn© 
parish.  La.,  communicates  through  Atchafalaj'a  Bayou  with 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  is  navigable  by  small  steamers  from 
the  gulf  to  Tigerville. 

Black  Bayou,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caddo  parish,  La., 
28  miles  N.N.W.  of  Shreveport.  It  is  a  French  settlement, 
and  has  a  few  stores. 

Black  Bayou,  a  hamlet  of  Tallahatchie  co.,  Miss.,  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Charleston. 

Black  Bear,  a  post-oflfice  and  mining-camp  of  Siskiyou' 
CO.,  Cal.,  140  miles  N.N.E.  of  Redding.  It  has  a  gold- 
mine and  a  quartz-mill. 

Black'berry,  a  township  of  Kane  co.,  III.,  about  7 
miles  N.W.  of  Aurora.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago  & 
Northwestern  Railroad  (Galena  division),  and  contains  vil- 
lages named  Blackberry  and  La  Fox.     Pop.  1173. 

Blackberry,  a  post-village  of  Kane  co.,  111.,  in  Black- 
perry  township,  on  the  Chicago  &,  Northwestern  Railroad, 
44  miles  W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  4  churches,  a  hotel,  and  a 
graded  school.     Pop.  about  400. 

Blackberry,  a  station  on  the  Duluth  <&  Winnipeg 
Railroad,  in  St.  Louis  co.,  Minn.,  90  miles  by  rail  W.  of 
Duluth. 

Blackberry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  Va.,  7  miles 
N.W.  of  Martinsville. 

Black'bird,  a  post-hamlet  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  and 
a  station  1  mile  distant  on  the  Delaware  Railroad,  16  milec 
N.  of  Dover. 

Blackbird,  a  post-hamlet  of  Holt  co.,  Neb.,  near  tho 
Ponca  Indian  Reservation,  IS  miles  N.  of  O'Neill. 

Blackbird  (post-office,  Omaha  Agency),  a  village  of 
Thurston  co..  Neb.,  65  miles  by  land  N.  by  W.  of  Omaha, 
and  3  miles  from  Missouri  River.  It  is  the  seat  of  Omaha. 
Indian  Agency.     Pop.  in  1890,  417. 

Black  Brook,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  in 


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Blaek  Brook  township,  abont  22  mllos  S.W.  of  PlatUburg. 
It  hu  2  ohurohes,  2  Baw-millfl,  and  2  bloom-forges.  The 
township  is  interaeoted  by  tho  Saranac  Kivor,  and  has  mines 
ofironoro.    The  surface  is  mountainous.    Tota)  pop.  36C1. 

Ulack  Brook,  a  post-township  of  Polk  co.,  Wis.  Pop. 
694.     It  contains  Clear  Lake  Railroad  Station. 

Ulack'burn,  a  borouf^h  of  England,  in  Lancashire,  at 
a  niilway  junction,  15  miles  E.  of  Preston,  and  30  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Manchester.  It  has  extensive  cotton-  and  wool- 
len-mills, machine-works,  foundries,  and  breweries  (cotton 
goods  being  tho  loading  product),  a  fine  park,  a  town  hall, 
oourt-houso,  and  other  public  buildings.  Coal,  limestone, 
and  building-stone  are  hero  abundant.     P.  (18U1)  120,064. 

Blackburn,  a  post-town  of  Saline  co.,  Mo.,  39  miles 
by  rail  W.  by  IS.  of  Glasgow.  It  contains  4  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  a  bank.     Pop.  about  500. 

Black  Bnttes,  bates,  a  station  in  Sweetwater  co., 
Wyoming,  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  85  miles  W.  of 
Rawlins. 

Black  Creek,  a  small  stream  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y., 
flows  northeastward,  and  enters  the  Genesee  River  4  or  5 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Angelica.  The  Genesee  Valley  Canal 
follows  the  course  of  this  creek  for  about  10  miles. 

Black  Creek,  of  Johnston  co.,  N.C.,  flows  into  the 
Neuse  a  few  miles  below  Smithfield. 

Black  Creek,  of  Mississippi,  rises  in  Marion  co.,  and, 
flowing  S.E.,  enters  the  Pascagoula  River  near  the  centre  of 
Jackson  co.     Length,  nearly  120  miles. 

Black  Creek,  South  Carolina,  rises  in  Chesterfield  co., 
runs  southeastward  through  Darlington  co.,  and  enters  the 
Great  Pedee  River  about  15  miles  E.  of  Darlington  Court- 
Uousc.     It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Black  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scriven  co.,  Oa.,  8 
miles  S.E.  of  Sylvania. 

Black  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  Parish,  La.,  18 
miles  S.E.  of  Montgomery. 

Black  Creek,  a  station  in  Mason  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Flint  &  Pero  Marquette  Railroad,  13  miles  E.  of  Ludington. 
Here  is  Ferryville  Post-Ofiice. 

Black  Creek,  Muskegon  co.,  Mich.    See  Alma. 

Black  Creek,  a  township  of  Shelby  co..  Mo.  Pop. 
1418.     It  contains  Sholbyville. 

Black  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y., 
in  New  Iludson  township,  5  miles  from  Cuba  Station,  and 
about  56  miles  S.E.  of  13ufi'alo.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
cheese-factory.    Pop.  about  300. 

Black  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilson  co.,  N.C.,  in 
Black  Creek  township,  on  the  Wilmington  &  Weldon  Rail- 
road, 18  miles  N.  of  Goldsborough.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1474. 

Black  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Holmes  co.,  0.,  in 
Richliind  township,  1  mile  from  the  Cleveland,  Mount  Ver- 
non &  Columbus  Ilailroad.  Black  Creek  Station  is  at  Na- 
poleon, 71  miles  N.E.  of  Columbus. 

Black  Creek,  a  township  of  Mercer  co.,  0.   Pop.  1087. 

Black  Creek,  a  township  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
669.  It  contains  Gowen  Falls,  Run  City,  and  part  of  New 
London,  and  has  mines  of  coal. 

Black  Creek,  township,  Lexington  co.,  S.C.  Pop.  474. 

Black  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Medina  co.,  Tex. 

Black  Creek,  a  post-ofiice  of  Outagamie  co..  Wis.,  in 
Black  Creek  township,  and  on  the  Green  Bay  &  Minnesota 
Railroad,  23  miles  W.  of  the  town  of  Green  Bay.  The  town- 
ship has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  tho  township,  1009. 

Black  Creek,  Perth  co.,  Ontario.    See  SEBnixoviLLE. 

Black  Creek,  a  post-villago  in  Welland  co.,  Ontario, 
on  Niagara  River,  7  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Fort  Erie. 
Pop.  150. 

Black  Creek  Junction,  in  Carbon  co..  Pa.,  is  a  sta- 
tion on  the  Hazleton  division  of  the  Lehigh  Valley  Rail- 
road where  the  Mahanoy  division  unites  with  it,  3  miles  W. 
of  Penn  Haven. 

Black  Di'amond,  formerly  New  York,  a  post-vil- 
lago of  Contra  Costa  co.,  Cal.,  on  Suisun  Bay,  6  miles  from 
Antioch,  and  about  40  miles  N.E.  of  San  Francisco.  It  is 
at  the  junction  of  the  Sacramento  &  San  Jcaquin  Rivers. 
It  is  a  shipping-point  for  coal,  which  is  mined  near  this 
place.  It  has  a  brick-yard,  and  a  cannery  for  salmon,  and 
IS  connected  by  railroad  with  Somersville. 

Black  Diamond,  a  post-village  of  King  co.,  Wash- 
ington, 31  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Seattle.  It  has  a  church 
and  mines  of  coal.     Pop.  600. 

Black  Earth,  a  post-village  of  Dane  co.,  Wis.,  in 
Black  Earth  township,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  & 
St.  Paul  Railroad,  19  miles  W.  of  Madison.  It  is  on  a 
creek  of  its  own  name.  It  has  a  high  school,  a  newspaper 
office,  3  churches,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  600. 


Black'fcct  Indians,  a  tribe  of  aborigines  now  living 
in  Montana  and  British  America.  They  comprise  the  sub- 
tribes  of  Bloods,  Piegans,  Small  Robes,  Black  feet  ]>rnpor, 
and  others,  are  very  generally  Roman  Catholics,  and  are 
now  friendly  to  the  whites.  There  are  about  7200  Black- 
feet  in  the  United  States.  The  Blackfcet  Sioux  are  of 
Dakota  stock,  and  entirely  distinct  from  the  above. 

Black'fbot,  a  post-town  of  Idaho,  and  tho  cnpital  of 
Bingham  co.,  on  the  Utah  Northern  division  of  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad  system,  158  miles  N.of  Ogdcn,  Utah.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  bank,  flour-  and  planing-niills,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  is  the  seat  of  the  state  insane  asylum.    Poji.  750. 

Black'foot  City,  a  post-villago  of  Deer  Lodge  co., 
Montana,  is  on  the  Rocky  Mountains,  about  32  miles  N.W. 
of  Helena.     Gold  is  found  here. 

Blackfoot  Creek,  of  Oneida  co.,  Idaho,  runs  north- 
westward, and  enters  the  Snake  River  or  Lewis  Fork  about 
lat.  43°  8'  N.  It  is  nearly  120  miles  long.  It  traverses  a 
mountainous  country. 

Blackfuot  River,  Montana,  rises  in  Deer  Lod^o  co., 
in  the  Rocky  Mountains.  It  runs  nearly  southwe^tward, 
and  unites  with  the  Hell  Gate  River  in  Missoula  co.,  about 
7  miles  above  the  town  of  Missoula. 

Black'ford,  a  ccjunty  in  the  E.N.E.  part  of  Indiana, 
has  an  area  of  about  200  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  Salamonio  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly 
level;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  Ac,  are  the 
staple  products.  It  is  traversed  by  divicions  of  the  Lake 
Erie  <fc  Western  and  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  systeins. 
Capital,  Hartford  City.  Pop.  in  1870,  6272 ;  in  1880,  8020 ; 
in  1890,  10,461. 

Black  Forest  (Ger.  SchtearzKald,  shwants'ViMt),  a 
mountainous  region  of  Southwestern  Germany,  in  the  grand 
duchy  of  Baden  and  tho  W.  of  WUrtcniberg,  between  lat. 
47°  30'  and  40°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  7°  40'  and  9°E.,  separating 
the  basins  of  tho  Rhine  and  Neckar.  It  is  remarkable  for 
its  extensive  forests,  and  its  mines  of  silver,  copper,  zinc, 
lead,  and  iron ;  in  many  places  it  is  3700  feet  above  the 
sea,  and  the  Feldberg,  4675  feet  in  elevation,  is  the  loftiest 
mountain  in  Western  Germany.  The  Danube,  Neokar,  Kin- 
zig,  Murg,  Eltz,  &c.,  rise  in  this  region,  the  inhabitants  of 
which  are  mainly  engaged  in  rearing  live-stock,  trading  in 
timber,  and  manufacturing  wooden  clocks,  toys,  and  woollen 
fabrics.  Schwarzwald  (Black  Forest)  is  one  of  the  four 
circles  of  the  kingdom  of  Wiirtemberg.  Area,  1843  square 
miles.  Capital,  Reutlingen.  Pop.  in  1875,  454,037.  It 
was  included  in  the  Hercyn'ia  Syl'va  of  the  ancient  Roman?. 
Tho  mountains  of  the  Schwarzwald  were  sometimes  called 
Uercyn'ii  Mon'tes. 

Black  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co..  Ark. 

Black  Fork,  Ohio,  a  branch  of  the  Mohican  River, 
rises  in  Richland  co.,  runs  southeastward,  and  unites  with 
the  Clear  Fork  in  the  S.  part  of  Ashland  co.  It  is  nearly 
70  miles  long. 

Black  Fork  of  Green  River  rises  in  the  Uintah  Moun- 
tains, in  the  S.W.  part  of  Wyoming.  It  runs  northward, 
eastward,  and  soutnea^stward,  and  enters  the  Green  River 
about  8  miles  S.  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad.  It  is  nearly 
120  miles  long. 

Blackfork,  a  post-office  of  Tucker  co.,  W.  Va. 

Black  Fox,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Johnson  co.. 
Ark.,  on  the  Little  Rock  &  Fort  Smith  Railroad.  Ih  miles 
N.  of  the  Arkansas  River,  and  about  90  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Little  Rock. 

Black  Hall,  a  station  in  Old  Lyme  township.  New 
London  co..  Conn.,  on  the  Shore  Line  Railroad,  15  milos  W. 
of  New  London. 

Black  Ham'mer,  a  post-township  of  Houston  co., 
Minn.,  about  30  miles  S.  of  Winonii.     Pop.  908. 

Black  Hand,  a  station  and  village  in  Muskingum  co., 
0.,  on  the  Baltimore  <t  Ohio  Railroad,  15  miles  N.AV.  of 
Zanesville.  Near  this  place  tho  Licking  River  flows  through 
a  remarkable  gorge  or  canon,  and  the  place  takes  its  name 
from  whatis  considered  to  be  the  impression  of  a  hum.an  hand 
upon  a  rock.  The  village  is  half  a  mile  from  the  station, 
and  has  2  churches. 

Black  Hawk,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of 
Iowa,  has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Cedar  River,  which  divides  it  into  two  nearly  equal 
sections,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the  Wapsipinicon.  The 
surface  is  undulating;  the  soil  is  very  fertile.  A  large 
portion  of  this  county  is  prairie.  Wheat,  Indian  coin, 
oats,  horses,  cattle,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Iowa  division  of  the  Illinois  Central  Rail- 
road, by  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Rail- 
road, and  by  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul  &  Kansas  City  Railroad. 
Capital,  Waterloo.     Pop.  in  1880,  23,913 ;  in  1890,  24,210. 


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^3lack  HaAVk,  a  mining  post-town  of  Gilpin  Co.,  Col., 

situated  on  the  Snowy  or  Front  Range  of  the  Rocky 

[ountains,  36  miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Denver.    It  has  2 

lurches  and  important  mining  and  smelting  industries. 

)p.  1067.    In  its  vicinity  is  James  Peak,  about  14,300 

Bt  high. 

Black  Hawk,  a  station  of  Rock  Island  co.,  III.,  on 

le  Rock  Island  &  Mercer  County  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of 
jk  Island  City.    Black  Hawk  Township  contains  Camden 
Milan),  and  has  a  population  of  1723. 
P'Black  Hawk,  a  township  of  Black  Hawk  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  763. 
'  Black  Hawk,  township,  Grundy  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  557. 

Black  HaAVk,  township,  Jefferson  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  988. 

Black  HaAVk,  a  post-office  of  Nicholas  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 

[aysville  &,  Lexington  Railroad.     Here  is  a  church. 

Black  Hawk,  a  post-hamlet  of  Concordia  parish,  La., 
i  the  Mississippi  River,  45  miles  above  Bayou  Sara. 

Black  HaAvk,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co..  Miss.,  20 
Siles  W.  of  Vaiden.  It  has  2  churches,  a  college,  a  flouring- 
llll,  a  carriage-shop,  Ac. 

^'Black  Hawk,  a  post-hamlet  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.,  about 

^  miles  W.N.W.  of  Pittsburg  and  about  9  miles  N.W,  of 

feaver.     It  has  several  stores. 

•  Black  HaAvk,  a  post-village  of  Meade  co.,  S.D.,  in 

the  Black  Hills,  on  the  Elkhorn  Valley  Railroad,  38  miles 

by  rail  S.E.  of  Deadwood,  and  7  miles  from  Rapid  City. 

Pop.  250. 

Black  HaAArk,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sauk  co.,  AVis.,  in 
Troy  township,  about  33  miles  W.N.W.  of  Madison.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Black  HaAVk  Creek,  Iowa,  rises  in  Grundy  co.,  runs 
eastward  and  northeastward,  and  enters  the  Cedar  River  in 
Black  Hawk  co.,  about  1  mile  above  AVaterloo. 

Black  Head,  a  cape  in  England,  co.  of  Cornwall,  E. 
of  Lizard  Point ;  lat.  50°  N.,  Ion.  5°  7'  AV. 

Black  Head,  a  cape  of  Ireland,  in  Ulster,  co.  of  An- 
trim, N.  of  the  entrance  of  Belfast  Lough;  lat.  54°  46'  N., 
Ion.  5°  42'  W. 

Black  Head,  a  cape  of  Ireland,  in  Munstcr,co.  of  Clare, 
S.  side  of  Galway  Bay;  lat.  63°  9'  N.,  Ion.  9°  16'  W. 

Black  Head,  a  cape  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Wigton,  6  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Stranraer. 

Black  Head  Peak,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  San  .Juan 
Mountains,  in  the  S.  part  of  the  state.  Altitude,  12,514 
feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Black'heath,  an  open  common  in  England,  co.  of 
Kent,  5  miles  S.E.  of  London,  and  mostly  in  the  parish 
of  Greenwich,  and  adjoining  its  park.  It  is  bordered  by 
numerous  handsome  villas  and  rows  of  houses ;  and  on  it 
is  Morden  College  for  decayed  merchants.  Blackheath  is 
crossed  by  the  Roman  Watling  Street,  and  is  reached  by 
several  railways;  on  it  various  remains  of  the  Middle  Ages 
have  been  discovered.  It  is  a  favorite  place  of  holiday 
resort  for  the  inhabitants  of  the  metropolis. 

Black  Hills,  a  group  of  mountains  in  the  S.W.  part 
of  South  Dakota  and  the  N.E.  part  of  Wyoming,  cover- 
ing an  area  in  the  aggregate  of  about  9000  square  miles. 
Harney  Peak,  the  highest  of  this  group,  has  an  altitude  of 
7403  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  They  are  covered  with 
extensive  forests  of  pine  and  other  coniferous  trees.  The 
Pinna  ponderosa  abounds  here.  The  Azoic  rocks,  which 
form  their  central  mass,  are  flanked  with  strata  of  Pots- 
dam sandstone.  Hayden  found  Carboniferous  strata  rest- 
ing on  those  of  the  Potsdam  period.  "  The  nucleus,"  says 
Hayden,  "  is  massive  feldspathio  granite."  Gold,  good 
carboniferous  limestone,  lead,  and  other  minerals  are  found 
among  these  mountains.  The  gold  is  found  in  connection 
with  quartz  and  metamorphio  slate.  This  group  is  en- 
vironed by  two  branches  of  the  Cheyenne  River.  This  region 
is  well  wooded  and  well  watered,  produces  excellent  natural 
pasture,  and  is  well  adapted  to  the  dairy  business.  "  To  a 
settler  in  a  new  country,"  says  Jenney,  "  no  question  is  of 
greater  importance  than  the  purity  and  abundance  of  the 
supply  of  water;  and  in  this  respect  the  Black  Hills  are  un- 
equalled by  any  region  in  the  Great  West."  "  The  Black 
Hills  are  an  oasis  of  verdure  among  the  open  and  level 
plains.  A  luxuriant  growth  of  grass  spreads  over  the  whole 
region."     The  soil  in  the  valleys  and  parks  is  very  fertile. 

Black  Horse,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  about 
28  miles  N.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  a  woollen-mill,  an  acad- 
emy, and  2  churches. 

Black  Horse,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  46 
miles  W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Black'inton,  a  post-village  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Adams  and  Williamstown  townships,  on  the  Troy  &  Boston 
Railroad  and  the  Hoosae  River.  3  miles  W.  of  North  Adams, 


and  2  miles  E.  of  Williams  College.  It  has  a  church,  a 
public  library,  a  graded  school,  and  a  manufactory  of  fancy 
cassimere. 

Black  Island,  one  of  the  sea-islands  of  Mcintosh  co., 
Ga.     Pop.  15. 

Black  Island,  an  island  at  the  entrance  to  Exploits 
Bay,  Newfoundland,  15  miles  from  Twillingate. 

Black  Isle,  an  island  of  Hancock  co.,  Me.,  in  the  en- 
trance to  Blue  Hill  Bay. 

Black  Isle,  in  Scotland.    See  Cromarty  (the  shire). 

Black  Jack,  a  hamlet  of  Sebastian  co..  Ark.,  30  miles 
from  Fort  Smith.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  high  school. 

Black  Jack,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  co.,  Kansas, 
about  16  miles  S.S.B.  of  Lawrence.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
gr.ided  school,  and  a  wagon-factory. 

Black  Jack,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benton  co..  Miss.,  14 
miles  S.  of  Saulsbury,  Tenn.     It  has  a  church. 

Black  Jack,  a  post-office  of  St.  Louis  co..  Mo. 

Black  Jack,  township,  Richmond  co,,  N.C.    Pop.  799. 

Black  Jack,  a  post-hamlet  of  Robertson  co.,  Tenn.,  12 
miles  from  Springfield.     It  has  10  families. 

Black  Jack  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Hopkins  co., 
Tex.,  35  miles  from  Mineola.  It  has  4  churches,  2  flour- 
mills,  a  seminary,  and  a  broom-factory. 

Black  Jack  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co., 
Tex.,  10  miles  from  Schulenburg. 

Black  Lake,  of  Natchitoches  parish,  La.,  is  formed  by 
a  bayou  of  its  own  name,  and  discharges  its  waters  through 
Saline  Bayou. 

Black  Lake,  New  York,  is  in  the  W.  part  of  St.  Law- 
rence CO.,  about  7  miles  S.  of  Ogdensburg.  It  is  20  miles 
long,  and  is  quite  narrow  in  proportion  to  its  length.  In- 
dian River  enters  the  south  end  of  this  lake,  the  shores  of 
which  are  low.  The  water  is  discharged  by  a  short  outlet, 
which  runs  from  the  north  end  into  the  Oswegatchie  River. 

Black  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Muskegon  co.,  Mich.,  on 
Black  Lake,  in  Norton  township,  and  on  the  Michigan 
Lake  Shore  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Muskegon.  It  has  2 
saw-mills. 

Black  Lake  Bayon,  Louisiana,  drains  parts  of  Clai- 
borne and  Bienville  parishes,  runs  southward,  and  enters 
Black  Lake  in  Natchitoches  parish.     It  is  100  miles  long. 

Black'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockwall  co.,  Tex.,  5 
miles  S.E.  of  Rockwall. 

Black'lands,  a  post-village  in  Restigouche  co..  New 
Brunswick,  10  miles  by  rail  from  Dalhousie.     Pop.  250. 

Black'ley,  or  Blake'ly,  a  township  of  England,  co. 
of  Lancaster,  4  miles  N.  of  Manchester.  Some  of  the  largest 
dye-works  in  England  are  established  here.     Pop.  5073. 

Blackleysville,  black'liz-vil,  a  post-village  of  Wayne 
CO.,  0.,  in  Plain  township,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Wooster.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Black  Lick,  or  Smith'ville,  a  post-village  of  Frank 
lin  CO.,  0.,  on  the  Pittsburg  <fc  Columbus  Railroad,  10  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  2  stores  and  a  church.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Black  Lick. 

Black  Lick,  a  township  of  Cambria  co..  Pa.   Pop.  646. 

Black  Lick,  a  township  of  Indiana  CO.,  Pa.     Pop.  1016. 

Black  Lick,  a  post-office  of  Wythe  co.,  \ti. 

Black  Lick  Creek,  of  Pennsylvania,  enters  the  Cone- 
maugh  in  Indiana  co. 

Black  Lick  Station,  a  post-village  of  Indiana  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Indiana  Branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad, 
12  miles  S.  of  Indiana  borough.  It  has  2  churches,  coal- 
works,  and- manufactures  of  tiles. 

Black  Log  Mountain,  Pennsylvania,  extends  from 
the  Juniata  River  southwestward,  along  the  S.E.  boundary 
of  Mifflin  CO.,  separating  it  from  Juniata  co. 

Black'ly's  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Van  Wert  co.,  0. 

Black'man,  township,  Jackson  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1368. 

Black'man's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Sampson  co.,  N.C. 

Black'mar,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Saginaw  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Flint  &  Pero  Marquette  Railroad,  12  miles 
S.E.  of  East  Saginaw.  It  has  a  steam  saw-mill  and  a 
shingle-mill. 

Black  Mingo  (ming'go),  a  post-office  of  Williamsburg 
CO.,  S.C. 

Black'mon's,  a  station  in  Russell  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Mobile  &  Girard  Railroad,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Columbus,  Ga. 

Black'monton,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Miss.,  10 
miles  from  Vaiden. 

Blackmore,  Mount.     See  Mount  Blackmork. 

Black  Mountain,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  about  32  miles  N.W.  of  Canon  City.  Altitude, 
11,626  feet.     It  is  near  lat.  38°  43'  N. 

Black  Mountains,  a  group  of  mountains  in  the  W. 
part  of  North  Carolina,  mostly  in  Yancey  co.    They  are 


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ttw  higbeet  mountains  of  the  Appalachian  fystem.    Soma 

ertiood  of  this  group  arc  only  about  5  miles  W.  of  the  Blue 
dge.  Aooording  to  tho  luoasureuiont  of  Thomas  L.  Cling- 
ntan,  ono  of  tho  peaks  riaot  0U41  feet  above  tho  level  of  tho 
•ea.     This  is  sometiiues  culled  Clinginan's  Peak.     Another 

Eiak,  measured  by  Prof.  Uuyot  and  called  by  him  the  lilaok 
ome,  has  an  altitude  of  C7U7  feet,  and  is  now  generally 
eonoeded  to  be  the  bighevt  peak  in  the  state.  This  was 
formerly  known  as  Mitcholl's  Peak.  There  are  12  peaks 
which  are  higher  than  Mount  Washington,  N.ll.  Among 
their  names  are  Sandox  Knob,  Balsam  Couo,  and  Hairy  Bear. 
Kxtciisive  forests  of  fir  and  other  evergreen  trees  grow  on 
these  mountains. 

Uiack'iicsSf  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Linlithgow, 
on  tho  Firth  of  Forth,  14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Edinburgh. 

Ulack  Oak,  a  post'oihce  of  De  Kalb  oo.,  Ala. 
lllack  Oak,  a  station  in  Daviess  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
A  Mi-'isis^ippi  Railroad,  168  miles  W.  of  Cincinnati. 

lllack  Oak,  township,  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  1056. 

lllack  Oak,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co.,  Md.,  on  the 

Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  16  miles  8.W.  of  Cumberland. 

lllack  Oak,  a  hamlet  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minn.  Its 
post-office  is  Red  Wing,  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  St.  Paul. 

Black  Oak,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caldwell  Co.,  Mo.,  16 
miles  from  Breckenridge. 

lllack  Oak,  a  station  in  Knox  oo.,  Tenn.,  5  miles  W. 
of  Knoxville. 

Black  Oak,  a  post-ofiSce  of  Hopkins  oo.,  Tex.,  24  miles 
from  Mineola. 

Black  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marin  co.,  Cal.,  on  tho 
sea-coast. 

Black^pool',  a  town  of  England,  in  Lancashire,  on  tho 
sea,  20  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Preston.  It  has  a  park,  library, 
pier,  a  fine  parade,  and  good  public  buildings,  and  is  much 
visited  for  sea-bathing.     Pop.  6100. 

Black  Riv'er,  Michigan,  rises  in  Sanilac  co.,  runs  south- 
ward and  southeastward,  and  enters  the  St.  Clair  River  at 
or  near  Port  Huron.     It  is  nearly  80  miles  long. 

Black  River,  Missouri,  drains  tho  greater  part  of 
Johnson  oo.,  and  runs  northeastward  to  Saline  co.,  tlirough 
which  it  flows  in  an  E.  direction.  It  enters  the  La  Mine 
River  in  Cooper  co.,  about  10  miles  AV.  of  Boonville.  It  is 
nearly  100  miles  long.  Two  affluents,  called  Dan's  Fork 
and  Salt  Fork,  enter  it  from  the  N.  or  left  hand. 

Black  River,  or  Big  Black  River,  rises  in  the  S.E. 
part  of  Missouri,  and  runs  nearly  southeastward  to  Poplar 
I3lutr.  After  it  has  passed  into  Arkansas  its  general  direction 
is  southwestward.  It  enters  the  White  River,  of  which  it  is 
the  largest  affluent,  at  Jacksonport,  Ark.  Its  whole  length 
is  nearly  400  miles.  Small  steamboats  can  ascend  about  100 
miles  from  its  mouth. 

Black  River,  New  York,  rises  near  the  line  between 
Hamilton  and  Herkimer  cos.  It  drains  the  N.E.  part  of 
Oneida  co.,  intersects  Lewis  co.,  and  passes  thence  to  Jefferson 
CO.,  through  which  it  runs  westward  until  it  enters  Lake 
Ontario  about  8  miles  below  Watertown.  It  is  nearly  200 
miles  long.  At  Lyon's  Falls,  in  Lewis  co..  this  river  falls 
6.3  feet,  below  which  cataract  it  is  navigable  40  miles  to 
Carthage.  Boats  can  pass  from  this  river  to  the  Erie  Canal 
through  the  Black  River  Canal,  which  extends  from  Borne 
to  Lyon's  Falls. 

Black  River,  North  Carolina,  runs  southward  in  Samp- 
son 00.,  and  enters  the  South  River  on  the  east  border  of 
Bladen  co. 

Black  River,  Ohio,  drains  part  of  Medina  co.,  runs 
northward  through  Lorain  co.,  and  enters  Lake  Erie  about 
12  miles  below  Elyria,  which  is  on  the  bank  of  this  stream. 

Black  River,  South  Carolina,  drains  parts  of  Sumter 
and  Clarendon  cos.,  runs  southeastward  through  Williams- 
burg CO.,  and  enters  tho  Waccamaw  River  about  3  miles  from 
Georgetown.     Length,  nearly  150  miles. 

Black  River,  a  small  stream  of  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  runs 
In  a  N.N.E.  direction,  and  enters  Lake  Memphremagog. 
Vermont  has  another  small  Black  River,  which  drains  the 
S.  part  of  Windsor  co.  and  enters  the  Connecticut  River. 

lllack  River,  Wiscousin,  rises  in  Taylor  co.,  and  runs 
southward  through  Clark  co.  to  Neiilsville,  below  which  its 
general  direction  is  southwest.  It  passes  by  Black  River 
Falls,  intersects  Jackson  co.,  and  enters  the  Mississippi 
River  15  miles  above  La  Crosse.     It  is  200  miles  long. 

Black  River,  a  river  of  Jamaica,  after  a  tortuous  south- 
ward course  of  33  miles  enters  Black  River  Bay  in  the  Carib- 
bean Sea.     At  its  mouth  is  Black  River,  a  port  of  entry. 

Black  River,  of  Charlevoix  oo.,  Quebec,  runs  through 
a  very  eitensivo  and  fertile  tract  of  land,  and  enters  the 
St.  Lawrence  opposite  Hare  Island,  20  miles  above  the 
uouth  of  the  Saguenay. 


Black  River,  a  large  river  of  Quebec,  enters  the  Ot- 
tawa from  the  N.  after  a  course  of  128  miles.  It  rum 
through  a  heavily-wooded  country. 

Black  River,  u  post-borough  and  lumber-shipping 
point  of  Alcona  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Huron,  34  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Au  Sable.  It  has  a  church  and  a  public  school, 
and  ii  the  headquarters  of  the  lumber  business  of  Alger, 
Smith  A  Co.,  who  ship  about  100,000,000  feet  annually. 
Pop.  525. 

Black  River,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Black  River,  and  on  the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg 
Railroad,  11  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Carthage,  and  0  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Watertown.  It  contains  3  ohurches,  publio 
schools,  a  newspaper  office,  4  wood-pulp-mills,  a  ])aper- 
mill,  and  3  chair-factories.  It  has  abundant  water-power. 
Pop.  970. 

Black  River,  township,  Cumberland  oo.,  N.C.    P.  760. 

Black  River,  a  township  of  Lorain  co.,  0.,  on  Lake 
Erie,  at  the  mouth  of  Black  River,  about  26  miles  W.  of 
Cleveland.     Pop.  838.    See  Lohain. 

Black  River,  township,  Georgetown  co.,S.C.   Pop.  960. 

Black  River,  a  post-village  in  Anti);onish  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  50  miles  S.E.  of  New  Glasgow.     Pop.  100. 

Black  River,  a  post-village  in  St.  John  co..  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  17  miles  from  St.  John. 
Ship-building  is  engaged  in  here.     Pop.  200. 

Black  River  Falls,  the  capital  of  Jackson  co..  Wis., 
is  on  Black  River,  and  on  tho  Chicago  &  Northwestern 
Railroad,  127  miles  N.N.W.  of  Madison,  and  55  miles  S.E. 
of  Eau  Claire.  It  has  a  number  of  saw-mills  and  flour- 
mills  in  the  vicinity.  It  contains  a  bank,  2  newspaper 
offices,  7  churches,  a  high-school,  5  hotels,  a  charcoal  pig- 
iron  ijlast-furnace,  a  starch-factory,  a  sash-  and  blind-fac- 
tory, with  manufactures  of  agricultural  implements,  <S:o. 
Pop.  in  1890,  2261. 

Black  River  Station,  or  St.-Agapit-de-Beau- 
rivage,  siNt-A^gA'peo'-d^h-boVe-viith',  a  post-village  in 
Lotbinifire  co.,  Quebec,  21  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Quebec. 

Black  Rock,  Ireland.     See  Dublin. 

Black  Rock,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co..  Conn.,  on 
Long  Island  Sound,  3  miles  from  Bridgeport.  It  has  a 
chemical  manufactory,  a  church,  and  a  large  hotel. 

Black  Rock,  a  post-hnmlet  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md., 
about  24  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Baltimore. 

Black  Rock,  a  former  village  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Niagara  River  where  it  issues  from  Lake  Erie,  2  miles  N. 
of  Buffalo.  It  is  now  a  part  of  Buffalo.  Here  is  a  railroad 
station  called  Black  Rock. 

Black  Rock,  a  hamlet  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  near 
the  Schuylkill  River,  li  miles  from  Pboenixville. 

Black  Rock,  a  post-office  of  York  oo..  Pa.,  near  the 
Maryland  line. 

Black  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co.,  W.  Va. 

Black  Run,  a  post-office  of  Muskingum  co.,  0. 

Black's,  a  station  in  Venango  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Alle^^ 
ghany  Valley  Railroad,  97  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Blacks  and  Whites,  Virginia.     See  Black.sto.ve. 

Blacks'burg,  a  po-H-town  of  York  co.,  S.C.,  28  mile«;j 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Yorkville  and  45  miles  S.W.  of  Charlotte,ij 
N.C.  It  has  several  churches  and  a  high  school.  Pop.j 
(1890)  1245. 

Blacksburg,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Va.,  J 
8  miles  from  Christiansburg,  and  about  75  miles  W.S.W.  off 
Lynchburg.  It  has  a  bank,  and  5  churches.  Here  is  th«j 
Virginia  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  College.     Pop.  950.,. 

Black's  Corners,  Michigan.    See  Imlay. 

Black  or  £uxiue  (uk'sin)  Sea  {Fr.  Mcr  Noire,  maij 
nwaii;  anc.  Pon'tus  Eitxi'nut;  Turk.  Kara  Demjia,  ki'r 
dSng'is),  a  great  inland  sea  between  Europe  and  Asia,  bej 
twecn  lat.  40°  45'  and  46°  45'  N.  and  Ion.  27°  30'  and  A\i 
50'  E.     Extreme  length,  700  miles;  greatest  breadth,  38^ 
miles.  Area,  168,500  square  miles.  Itsdrainnge-areaisabou 
940,000  square  miles.     It  is  surrounded  by  Russia,  Rouma 
nia,  and  Asiatic  and  European  Turkey,  and  communicat«| 
by  the  Strait  of  Yenikalo  with  the  Sea  of  Azof  on  the  N.EJ 
and  by  the  Bosporus  with  tho  Sea  of  Marmora  in  the  S.W 
The  shores  of  tho  Euxine  are  bold  and  high  on  the  N.B^ 
E.,  and  S.AV.,  but  flat  on  the  N.  and  N.W. ;  its  depth  varie 
from  4  to  48  fathoms  near  its  shores,  but  in  the  middle 
soundings  have  been  obtained  at  1 60  fathoms.     The  wated 
has  on  the  average  only  one-half  the  salinity  of  the  oceanJ 
It  has  numerous  small  ports ;  but  the  only  gulf  of  imporJ 
tance  is  that  of  Kerkinit,  between  the  Crimea  and  tho  conti^ 
ncnt  of  Russia.     There  are  several  islands  near  the  moutll 
of  the  Danube,  but  few  elsewhere.     The  chief  affluents  &t\ 
tho  Danube,  Dniester,  Bug,  Dnieper,  the  Don  (by  tho  Se 
of  Azof  and  the  Strait  of  Yenikalo),  and  the  Kooban  i^ 


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Europe ;  and  the  Kizil-Irmak  and  Sakareeyah  in  Asia.  It 
is  calculated  that  the  Black  Sea  receives  one-third  of  the 
running  waters  of  Europe;  but  investigation  shows  that 
the  opinion  that  the  Sea  of  Marmora  is  lower  than  the 
Euxiue  is  founded  in  error.  The  Black  Sea  has  no  tide  :  it 
ia  liable  to  frequent  stormsj  such  as  are  generally  met  with 
in  great  lakes  and  enclosed  seas;  but  its  navigation  is  so 
far  from  being  dangerous,  as  was  formerly  represented,  that 
probably  no  sea  of  equal  extent  is  more  safe.  The  amount 
of  evaporation  which  takes  place  in  the  Black  Sea  must  be 
very  great,  as  the  discharge  by  the  Bosporus  is  wholly  in- 
sufficient to  account  for  the  disposal  of  the  immense  quanti- 
ties of  water  passed  into  it  by  its  rivers. 

Black's  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Greene  township,  2i  miles  from  the  Mont  Alto  Railvoad.  It 
has  a  woollen-mill  and  mines  of  iron. 

Black'shear,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Pierce  co.,  Ga., 
about  2  miles  N.  of  the  Satilla  River,  86  miles  by  rail  S.W. 
of  Savannah.  It  has  4  white  and  2  colored  churches,  an 
academy,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  manu- 
factures of  cotton-seed  oil,  meal,  and  cake,  commercial  fer- 
tilizers, lint-cotton,  4  lumber-mills,  and  4  turpentine-distil- 
leries.    Pop.  656. 

Black's  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  Manalapan  River,  about  24  miles  E.  of  Trenton,  and 
2  miles  from  Manalapan  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  flour- 
inill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Black'sod  Bay,  an  extensive  inlet  on  the  coast  of  Ire- 
land, CO.  of  Mayo.     Lat.  54°  5'  N. ;  Ion.  1U°  W. 

Black  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co., 
Ark.,  45  miles  from  Arkadelphia.     It  has  a  church. 

Black's  Kidire,  a  post-office  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  Va. 

Black's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yolo  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  California  Pacific  Railroad,  about  26  miles  N.W.  of 
Sacramento. 

Black'stairs,  a  mountain-range  of  Ireland,  forming 
part  of  the  boundary  between  the  counties  of  Carlow  and 
Wexford.     Mount  Leinster,  2610  feet,  is  the  highest  peak. 

Black  Stocks,  a  post-village  of  Chester  co.,  S.C.,  on 
the  dividing  ridge  between  the  Broad  and  Catawba  Rivers, 
63  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Columbia.  It  has  5  churches,  a 
high  and  a  public  school,  cotton-ginning-  and  flouring-mills, 
<tc.     Pop.  about  200;  of  township  in  1890,  2703. 

Blacu'stone,  a  post-village  of  Livingston  co..  III.,  in 
Sunbury  township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  88 
miles  S.W.  of  Chicago.     It  has  a  church. 

BInckstone,  a  post-village,  partly  in  a  township  of 
the  same  name,  in  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  and  partly  in  Prov- 
idence CO.,  R.I.,  is  on  Blackstone  River,  and  on  the  Prov- 
idence &  Worcester  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Boston, 
Hartford  <t  Erie  Railroad,  18  miles  N.  by  W.  from  Provi- 
dence, and  .36  miles  S.W.  of  Boston.  It  has  6  churches,  a 
large  manufactory  of  cotton  prints,  and  manufactures  of 
woolen  goods,  scythes,  and  shoddy.  Pop,  3205 ;  of  the 
township,  in  1880,  4907;  in  1890,  6138.  The  township 
contains  villages  named  East  Blackstone  and  Millville. 

Blackstone,  in  North  Smithfield  township,  Providence 
CO.,  R.I.,  is  that  portion  of  the  above  village  of  Blackstone 
which  lies  in  Rhode  Island.  Pop.  364;  of  the  adjacent 
village  of  Waterford,  R.I.,  285. 

Blackstone,  a  thriving  post-town  of  Nottoway  co,, 
Va.,  37  miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Petersburg.  It  contains 
4  churches,  a  bank,  and  several  mills.  Two  newspapers 
are  published  here.     Pop.  1500. 

Blackstone  River  rises  in  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  and 
runs  southeastward.  It  traverses  the  N.E.  part  of  Rhode 
Island,  and  enters  Providence  River  near  the  city  of  Provi- 
dence. The  part  of  this  river  which  is  in  Rhode  Island  is 
called  the  Pawtucket  orSeekonk.     Length,  about  75  miles. 

Black  Sturgeon,  stiirjun,  a  river  of  Ontario,  enters 
the  N.  extremity  of  Black  Bay,  in  Lake  Superior.  It  is 
one  of  the  largest  rivers  entering  Lake  Superior. 

Black  Sturgeon  Lake,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name. 
In  the  distric*  of  Algoma,  Ontario,  It  is  about  13  miles  in 
length  by  2  wide,  and  comes  within  1  mile  of  the  southern 
arm  of  Blajk  Sturgeon  Bay  on  Lake  Nipigon. 

Blacks'ville,  a  post-village  of  Monongalia  co.,  W.  Va., 
about  36  miles  S.E.  of  Wheeling.  It  is  on  the  southern 
boundary  of  Pennsylvania.  It  has  2  churches,  a  woollen- 
factory,  and  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  about  150. 

Black'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Conway  co  ,  Ark.,  on  the 
Little  Rock  and  Fort  Smith  Railroad.     It  has  a  church. 

Blackville,  a  post- village  of  Emanuel  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Wadiey  and  Mt.  Vernon  Railroad,  30  miles  S.  of  Wadley. 

Blackville,  a  post-village  of  Barnwell  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
South  Carolina  Railroad,  90  miles  W.N.W.  of  Charleston, 
and  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Aiken,    It  has  a  newspaper  office, 


2  banks,  4  churches,  and  a  basket-factory.  Pop.  of  Black- 
ville township,  2327.     Here  are  several  mineral  springs. 

Black^wall',  a  suburb  of  the  English  metropolis,  co, 
of  Middlesex,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Lee  and  the  Thames, 
4  miles  E.S.E.  of  St.  Paul's.  Hero  are  the  East  and  West 
India  docks.  A  railway  3J  miles  in  length  connects  Black- 
wall  with-the  city  of  London.  Vast  iron  ship-building  yards 
have  sprung  up  within  a  few  years,  and  the  first  iron-clad 
ships  of  the  navy  were  built  hero. 

Black  Wal'nut,  a  hamlet  of  Ogle  co.,  111.,  2  miles 
from  Byron. 

Black  Walnut,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Charles  co..  Mo., 
on  the  Missouri  River,  10  miles  E.N.E,  of  St.  Charles.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Black  Walnut,  a  post-office  of  Wyoming  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Pennsylvania  <fc  New  York  Railroad,  and  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Susquehanna,  19  miles  N.W.  of  Tunkhannock. 

Black  Wainut,  a  post-hamlet  of  Halifax  co.,  Va., 
about  30  miles  E.  of  Danville. 

Black  Warrior  (wor'yur)  River  rises  in  the  N.  part 
of  Alabama,  and  runs  generally  southwestward.  It  drains 
parts  of  Blount,  Jefferson,  and  Tuscaloosa  cos.,  and  enters  the 
Tombigbee  River  at  the  S.  extremity  of  Greene  co.,  about  1 
mile  above  Demopolis.  It  is  nearly  300  miles  long,  and 
flows  through  an  extensive  coal-field.  Steamboats  can  ascend 
it  to  Tuscaloosa  or  farther.  The  term  Locust  Fork  is  some- 
times applied  to  that  part  of  the  Black  W^arrior  which  is 
above  the  mouth  of  the  Mulberry  River, 

Black'water,  a  river  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Cork,  rises 
about  16  miles  N.E.  of  Killarney,  and  enters  the  sea  at 
I'oughal,  after  a  course  estimated  at  100  miles.  Cappoquin, 
Mallow,  Fermoy,  Lismore,  and  Y'oughal  are  on  its  banks. 

Blackwater,  a  river  of  Ireland,  in  Ulster,  falls  into 
Lough  Neagh  at  its  S.W.  corner,  Caledon  and  Charlemont 
are  the  principal  towns  on  its  banks. 

Black'water  (anc.  Iduman' in),  a  river  of  England, 
CO.  of  Essex,  rises  near  Saffron-Walden,  flows  southeastward, 
and,  after  uniting  with  the  Chelmer,  falls  into  the  arm  of 
the  North  Sea  called  Blackwater  Bay. 

Blackwater,  a  river  of  England,  co,  of  Hants,  forms 
part  of  the  boundary  between  that  county  and  Berks,  and 
joins  the  Loddon  6i  miles  S.W.  of  Wokingham. 

Blackwater,  a  neat  village  of  England,  co.  of  Hants, 
at  its  N.E.  extremity,  on  the  Blackwater  River,  13  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Reading. 

Black  Water,  a  village  of  AValker  co..  Ala.,  about  44 
miles  N.W.  of  Birmingham.  It  has  2  churches,  a  saw-mill, 
and  a  woollen-mill, 

Black'water,  a  post-village  of  Sussex  co„  Del,,  5 
miles  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  6i  miles  from  Frankford 
Railroad  Station,     It  has  2  churches. 

Blackwater,  Santa  Rosa  co,,  Fla,    See  Bagdad, 

Blackwater,  a  post-town  of  Cooper  co.,  Mo.,  on  a  river 
of  the  same  name,  16  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Boonville.  It 
has  2  churches  and  several  shops  and  stores,  and  in  its  im- 
mediate vicinity  are  extensive  deposits  of  coal,  lead,  iron, 
salt,  Ac.     Pop.  200. 

Blackwater,  a  township  of  Pettis  co.,  Mo,  Pop.  1603. 
It  contains  Dunksburg. 

Blackwater,  a  township  of  Saline  co.,  Mo.     P.  1784, 

Black  Water,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co.,  Tenn,, 
IS  miles  from  Rogersville.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  seminary. 

Black  Water,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Va.,  about  7 
miles  S,  by  E.  of  Jonesville. 

Blackwater,  a  hamlet  of  Princess  Anne  co.,  Va.,  23 
miles  from  Norfolk.     It  has  2  churches, 

BlackAvater,  or  Black  River,  New  Hampshire, 
runs  southeastward  in  Merrimac  co.,  and  enters  the  Contoo- 
cook  River  about  8  miles  N.W.  of  Concord. 

Blackwater  River,  a  small  river  of  Virginia,  rises  in 
the  Blue  Ridge,  runs  eastward  through  Franklin  co.,  and 
enters  the  Staunton  River. 

Blackwater  River,  Virginia,  drains  parts  of  Surry 
and  Sussex  cos.,  runs  first  southeastward,  then  southward, 
forms  the  E.  boundary  of  Southampton  co.,  and  enters  the 
Nottoway  River  at  the  line  which  separates  Virginia  from 
North  Carolina. 

Black'watertown,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  Armagh, 
on  the  Blackwater,  3  miles  S.S.W.  of  Moy.     Pop.  253. 

Black'well,  a  station  on  the  Atchison,  Topcka  &  Santa 
Fe  Railroad,  33  miles  E.  of  Las  Animas,  Col. 

Blackwell's,  a  township  of  Polk  co.,  N.C.     P.  1179. 

BlackAVell's  Island,  in  the  city  of  Now  Y'ork,  a 
long,  narrow  island  of  120  acres,  in  the  East  River,  between 
New  York  and  Long  Island  City.  It  is  the  site  of  Several 
public  asylums  and  hospitals,  and  of  a  city  penitentiary. 
At  its  N.  extremity  is  a  light-house. 


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Blackwcll's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  oo., 
N.J.,  on  tlio  Millstone  Uivcr,  2  miles  from  Millstone  Rail- 
rontl  Station.     It  has  a  tloiir-raill. 

lllackwell  Station,  a  post-hnmlot  of  St.  Francois  co., 
Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis  &  Iron  Mountain  Railroad,  61  miles 
8.  of  St.  Louis. 

Black  Wolf,  a  post-hamlet  in  Kllsworth  co.,- Kansas, 
on  the  Smoky  II ill  River,  and  on  the  Union  Pacific  Kail- 
road,  about  44  miles  W.  of  Salina,  and  8  miles  W.  of  Klls- 
worth.    It  has  several  stores.  Ac. 

niack  Wolf,  township,  Winnebago  oo..  Wis.    Pop.  897. 

Black'wood,  a  rirer  in  Western  Australia,  flours  suo- 
«es;ivcly  W.  and  S.,  and  enters  Flinders  Bay. 

Ulack'woud,  a  post-village  of  Camden  oo.,  N.J., 
in  Gloucester  township,  on  Big  Timber  Creek,  12  miles  S. 
by  E.  from  Camden,  and  4  miles  from  Kirkwood  Station. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  foundry,  a  flour-mill,  a  county  alms- 
bouse,  and  a  new  county  insane  asylum. 

Bla'den,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  North  Carolina,  has 
an  area  of  about  800  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Cape  Fear  River,  and  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  South 
River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  mostly  covered 
with  forests,  in  which  tho  pine  abounds.  The  soil  is  sandy 
and  inferior,  but  produces  some  Indian  corn  and  sweet  po- 
tatoes. Tar  and  turpentine  are  the  chief  articles  of  export. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Carolina  Central  Railroad, 
which  passes  along  near  its  southwestern  border.  Capi- 
tal, Elizabethtown.  Pop.  in  1870, 12,831 ;  in  1880,  16,158; 
in  1890,  16,763. 

Bla'denborough,  a  post-village  of  Bladen  co.,  N.C., 
65  miles  W.N.W.  of  Wilmington.  It  has  3  turpentine-dis- 
tilleries, and  several  stores  and  other  business  concerns. 
Pop.  of  Bladen  township,  1005. 

Bla'den  Land'ing,  Choctaw  co.,  Ala.,  is  on  the  Tom- 
bigbee  River,  4  miles  from  Bladen  Springs. 

Bla'densbnrg,  a  post-village  of  Wapello  co.,  Iowa,  on 
Cedar  Creek,  about  10  miles  E.N.E,  of  Ottumwa.  It  has  2 
churches  and  an  Odd-Fellows'  hall.     Pop.  about  200. 

Uladensburg,  a  post-village  of  Prince  George's  co., 
Md.,  on  the  Alexandria  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
liailroad,  and  o*  the  east  branch  of  the  Potomac,  about  5 
miles  N.E.  of  Washington.  It  has  5  churches,  an  academy, 
and  a  flour-mill.    Pop.  410.     William  Wirt  was  born  here. 

Bladensbnrg,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  0.,  in  Clay 
and  Jackson  townships,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Mount  Vernon. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  <fec. 

Bla'den  (or  Bladon's)  Springs,  a  post-village  of 
Choctaw  CO.,  Ala.,  85  miles  N.  of  Mobile.  It  is  near  the 
Tombigbee  River.  It  has  4  churches,  an  academy,  a  tan- 
nery, and  several  mineral  springs. 

Blacn-Ilonddaii,  blin-hon'rnan,  a  hamlet  of  Wales, 
00.  of  Glamorgan,  3  miles  N.N.W.  of  Neath.     Pop.  1900. 

Blagnac,  blin^j^ik',  a  town  of  Franco,  Haute-Garonne, 
2  miles  N.N.W.  of  Toulouse.     Pop.  1729. 

Blagovecheusk,  Blagovetchensk,  bl8,-go-vi- 
chgnsk',  or  Blahovietchensk,  bli-no-ve-i-chSnsk', 
written  also  Blagowcschtschenzk  ("annunciation"), 
a  town  of  Russian  Asia,  capital  of  the  Amoor  government, 
on  the  river  Amoor.  Lat.  50°  15'  14"  N.;  Ion.  127°  *8'  E. 
Pop.  3107. 

Blain,  bliN»,  a  town  of  France,  Loire-Inf6rieure,  20 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Nantes,  on  the  Isac,  and  on  the  canal  be- 
tween Nantes  and  Brest.     Pop.  6865. 

Blain,  a  post-village  of  Perry  co..  Pa.,  in  Jackson  town- 
ship, about  40  miles  W.  by  N.  from  llarrisburg.  It  has  4 
ohurches,  2  flour-mills,  and  1  or  2  tanneries.     Pop.  about  250. 

Blaine,  a  post-village  of  Pottawatomie  co.,  Kansas,  41 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Ilolton.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
graded  school.     Pop.  200. 

Blaine,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ky.,  13  miles 
from  Willard,  and  7  miles  N.W.  of  Louisa.    It  has  a  church. 

Blaine,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Aroostook  co.. 
Me.,  26  miles  from  Houlton.     It  has  3  stores.     Pop.  496. 

Blaine,  a  beautifully-located  city  of  Whatcom  co.. 
Wash.,  on  Pugct  Sound  and  on  the  boundary  between 
Washington  and  British  Columbia,  at  the  terminus  of  the 
Great  Northern  Railway  Line.  It  has  6  churches,  2  na- 
tional banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  several  lumber-mills,  and 
manufactures  of  brick,  tile,  steel  pipe,  trunks,  ke.  Pop. 
about  2000. 

Blair,  a  county  near  the  central  part  of  Pennsylvania, 
has  an  area  of  about  650  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  Frankstown  Branch  of  the  Juniat.a  and  by  the  Little 
Juniata  River.  The  main  range  of  the  Alleghany  Moun- 
tains extends  along  the  N.W.  border  of  this  county,  the  sur- 
face of  which  is  mostly  mountainous.  It  contains  several 
fertile  valleys  based  on  limestone.     Wheat,  Indian  corn, 


and  onts  are  tho  staple  products  of  the  soil.  Iron  ore  li 
nbunilnnt  here,  and  largo  quantities  of  pig-iron,  bl()onl^, 
and  forged  and  rolled  iron  arc  prepared  in  this  county.  It 
is  intersected  by  tho  Pennsylvania  Railroad  and  sfvcrul 
branches  of  the  same  which  traverse  it  in  various  direc- 
tions.     Capital,    Hollidaysburg.       Chief    city,    Altooiia. 


Pot),  in  1870,  38,051 ;  In  1880,  62,740;  in  1890,  70,8 
Blair,  a  township  of  Clay  co.,  111.     Pop.  857. 
Blair,  a  post-village  of  Randol])h  co..  III.,  about  12  miles 


N.  of  Chester,  and  6  miles  S.  of  Sparta.     It  has  2  churches. 

Blair,  a  post-village  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  .St. 
Joseph  River,  at  St.  Joe  Station  on  the  Baltimore  ct  Ohio 
Railroad,  1 1  miles  E.  of  Auburn,  and  25  miles  N.E.  of  Fort 
Wayne.     It  has  a  grain  elevator.     Pop.  about  200. 

Blair,  townshij),  (Jrand  Traverse  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  371. 

Blair,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Washington  co.,  Neb., 
on  the  Omaha  <t  Northwestern  Railroad  at  its  junction  with 
tho  Sioux  City  A  Pacific  Railrond,  30  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Omaha,  and  3  miles  W.  of  the  Missouri  River.  It  has  2 
banks,  10  churches,  a  graded  school,  3  newspaper  offices,  a 
court-house,  a  flouring-mill,  2  wagon-factories,  2  large  ele- 
vators, 3  hotels,  and  about  20  stores.     Pop.  in  1800,  2069. 

Blair,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  4^  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Plymouth. 

Blair,  a  post-hamlct  of  Trempealeau  co.,  'Wis.,  on  the 
Green  Bay  <fe  Minnesota  Railroad,  43  miles  N.E.  of  AVinona, 
Minn.     It  has  2  churches,  a  planing-mill,  Ac. 

Blair,  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  co.,  Ontario,  2  miles 
from  Preston.     It  has  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  100. 

Blair- Athol,  Scotland.    See  Athol. 

Blair  City,  a  post-oflico  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa. 

Blair  Fur'nace,  a  station  in  Blair  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Altoona. 

Blair- Gow'rie,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Perth,  16 
miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Perth.     Pop.  6252. 

Blair  Logie,  blair  lo'ghee,  a  small  village  of  Scotland, 
3  miles  N.E.  of  Sterling,  is  much  resorted  to  by  invalids  on 
account  of  the  salubrity  of  its  climate. 

Blair's,  a  station  in  Donij)han  co.,  Kansas,  in  Wash- 
ington township,  on  the  St.  Joseph  A  Denver  City  Railroad, 
9  miles  W.  of  St.  Joseph,  Mo. 

Blair's,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg,  Virginia  A  Charles- 
ton Railroad,  20  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

Blairs'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Blairsburg  township,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  about 
32  miles  E.  of  Fort  Dodge.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  453. 

Blair^s  Corners,  a  post-hamlct  of  Clarion  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Beaver  township,  on  the  railroad  between  Emlenton  and 
Shippenville.  It  has  a  church  and  2  hotels.  Oil  is  pro- 
duced here. 

Blair's  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn. 

Blair's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  Ky. 

Blairs'toivn,  a  post- village  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa,  24 
miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Cedar  Rapids,  and  10  miles  N.  of 
Marengo.  It  has  a  ladies'  seminary,  4  steam  elevators,  a 
flour-mill,  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  an 
academy,  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  714. 

Blairstown,  a  post-hnmlct  of  Henry  co.,  Mo.,  69  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Kansas  City. 

Blairstown,  a  post- village  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.  on  the 
Paulinskill,  9  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Columbia.  It  has 
2  churches,  the  Blairstown  Academy,  and  manufactures  of 
carriages  and  sash  and  blinds. 

Blairs'ville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Union  co.,  Ga., 
about  90  miles  N.N.E.  of  Atlanta.  It  is  surrounded  by 
beautiful  mountain  scenery,  and  has  a  church,  and  2  quartz- 
mills.     Gold  is  found  near  this  place  in  quartz  rock. 

Blairsville,  a  post-office  of  Williamson  co..  III. 

Blairsville,  a  small  post-village  of  Posey  co.,  Ind.,  12 
miles  N.W.  of  Evansville.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  wagon- 
factory. 

Blairsville,  a  post-borough  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.,  on 
Conemaugh  River,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania  Canal  and  the 
Western  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  57  miles  direct  or  64  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Pittsburg,  and  66  miles  W.  of  Altoona.  It  is 
the  southern  terminus  of  the  Indiana  Branch  Railroad.  A 
bridge  crosses  the  river  here.  Blairsville  has  6  churches,  a 
national  bank,  1  other  bank,  a  convent,  the  Blairsville 
Ladies'  Seminary,  a  foundry,  2  flouring-milLs,  2  tanneries,  a 
woollen-mill,  and  coke-works.  Here  coal  is  found.  The 
workshops  of  the  railroad  are  located  here.     Pop.  3126. 

Blairsville,  a  post-village  of  York  co.,  S.C,  9  miles 
from  Yorkville.     Pop.  487. 

Blairsville  Intersection,  avillage  of  Westmoreland 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Derry  township,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad 
(main  line),  at  the  junction  of  the  Western  Pennsylvania 


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division,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Blairsviile,  and  6.'?  miles  W.  of  Al- 
toona.     It  has  a  church.     (Post-Office,  Branch  Junction.) 

Blair's  Wharf,  a  post-office  of  Prince  George  co.,  Va. 

Blair'ton,  a  post-village  in  Peterborough  co.,  Ontario, 
on  Marmora  Lake,  35  miles  from  Peterborough.     Pop.  350. 

Blaisois,  blA^zwi',  a  former  division  of  France,  in  Or- 
Icannois.  of  which  Blois  was  the  capital,  now  forming  a 
great  part  of  the  department  of  Loir-et-Cher. 

Blaison,  blA'zixo',  a  town  of  France,  in  JIaine-et-Loire, 
10  miles  S.E.  of  Angers,  on  the  Loire.     Pop.  979. 

Blake,  a  township  of  Colleton  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  2255. 

Blake'ley,  or  Port  Blake'ley,  a  post-village  of 
Kitsap  CO.,  Washington,  on  Puget  Sound,  10  miles  W.  of 
Scuttle.     It  has  a  large  lumber-mill.     Pop.  about  300. 

Blake'iy,  a  township  of  England.     See  Blacklev. 

Blakc'ly,  a  village  of  Baldwin  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Tensas 
River  (here  navigable),  near  its  mouth.  Blakely  Station  is 
on  the  Mobile  &  Montgomery  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Mobile, 
and  8  miles  N.  of  Blakely,  which  has  a  church,  and  manu- 
factures of  tar,  rosin,  turpentine,  and  lumber. 

Blakely,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Early  co.,  Ga.,  about 
55  miles  W.S.W.  of  Albany.  It  has  4  churches,  a  high 
school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  leather, 
turpentine,  and  lumber.     Pop.  441. 

Blakely,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  Min- 
nesota River,  and  on  the  St.  Paul  <fc  Sioux  City  Railroad, 
62  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Paul. 

Blakely  (post-office  and  station,  Peckville),  a  borough 
of  Lackawanna  co.,  Pa.,  in  Blakely  township,  and  on  the 
Lackawanna  River,  7  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Scranton. 
Here  are  mines  of  anthracite  coal.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  sash-factory.  Pop.  659.  The  township  contains  also  the 
boroughs  of  Archbald,  Olyphant,  Dickson,  AVinton,  and 
Gibson  burg.     Pop.  767. 

Blake'man,  a  post-village  of  Rawlins  co.,  Kansas,  4 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Atwood.  It  has  two  churches,  2  banks, 
a  flour-mill,  a  graded  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop. 
about  250. 

Blake'ney,  a  seaport  of  England,  co.  of  Norfolk,  7 
miles  E.  of  AVells.  It  has  an  ancient  church,  and  some 
fine  remains  of  antiquity.  Its  harbor  affords  good  shelter. 
Pop.  of  parish,  817. 

Blake's,  a  station  on  the  Lafayette,  Muncio  &  Bloom- 
ington  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of  Paxton,  111. 

Blakes'burg,  a  post-village  of  Wapello  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Adams  township,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Albia,  and  about  14  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Ottumwa.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school, 
and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  236. 

Blake's  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  Ala. 

Blake's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Tenn. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Blakeville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Black  Hawk  co.,  Iowa, 
about  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cedar  Falls. 

Blamont,  bli'm^N"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Meurthe-et- 
Moselle,  18  miles  E.  of  Lun6ville.     Pop.  2287. 

Blamont,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Doubs,  8 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Montbeliard.     Pop.  720. 

Blanca,  bling'ki,  a  town  of  Spain,  20  miles  N.W.  of 
Murcia.     Pop.  1530. 

Blan'ca  Peak,  a  mountain  of  Costilla  co..  Col.,  about 
6  miles  N.  of  Fort  Garland,  is  the  highest  peak  of  the  Sierra 
Blanca  group  or  Sangre  de  Cristo  Range.  Its  altitude,  ac- 
cording to  Prof.  Hayden,  is  14,464  feet  above  sea-level.  It 
is  supposed  to  be  the  highest  mountain  in  Colorado. 

Blanch'ard,  a  station  on  the  North  &  South  Railroad 
of  Georgia,  10  miles  N.  of  Columbus,  Ga. 

Blanchard,  a  post-town  of  Page  co.,  Iowa,  about  15 
miles  S.W.  of  Clarinda.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks,  numer- 
ous stores  and  other  business  concerns,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  about  600. 

Blanchard,  a  post-township  of  Piscataquis  co.,  Me., 
about  20  miles  W.  of  Dover.     Pop.  164. 

Blanchard,  a  post-village  of  Isabella  co.,  Mich.,  42 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Ionia.  It  has  a  church  and  a  graded 
school.     Pop.  219. 

Blanchard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Traill  co.,  N.D.,  12  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Mayville. 

Blanchard,  Centre  co..  Pa.    See  Eagleville. 

Blanchard's  Fork  of  the  Auglaize  rises  in  Hardin 
CO.,  0.  It  intersects  Hancock  co.,  runs  westward  in  Putnam 
CO.,  and  unites  with  the  Auglaise  River  about  15  miles  W. 
of  Ottawa.     It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Bianch'ardvill  e,  a  post-village  of  Lafayette  co..  Wis., 
on  the  east  branch  of  the  Peoatonica  River,  about  33  miles 
S.W.  of  Madison.  It  is  20  miles  E.  of  Mineral  Point.  It 
bas  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  grist-mill,  a  bank,  <tc. 
Pop.  650. 


Blanche,  blanch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co..  Tens., 
about  90  miles  S.  of  Nashville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Blanch'cster,  a  post-vilhige  of  Clinton  co.,  0.,  41 
miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  4  churches,  2 
banks,  a  graded  public  school,  a  chair-factory,  a  yeast- 
factory,  a  shoe-factory,  a  furniture-factory,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  1196. 

Blanch'land,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Northum- 
berland, on  the  Derwent,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hexham,  with 
the  remains  of  an  abbey  founded  in  11C5. 

Blanch'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  Kansas,  T 
miles  from  Waterville. 

Blanc,  Mont.    See  Mont  Blanc. 

Blanco,  bl^ng'ko,  or  Blanca,  bling'ki,  a  Spanish 
word,  signifying  "white,"  and  forming  a  part  of  various 
names  in  different  parts  of  the  world. 

Blanco,  blang'ko,  a  county  near  the  central  part  of 
Texas,  has  an  area  of  about  1000  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Pcrdinales  (or  Pedernales)  River,  an  affluent 
of  the  Colorado  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Rio  Blanco. 
The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Cattle, 
Indian  corn,  and  cotton  are  the  staple  products.  Capital, 
Blanco.     Pop.  in  1870, 1187  ;  in  1880,  3583  ;  in  1890,  4635. 

Blanco,  a  post-hamlet  of  Searcy  co..  Ark.,  12  miles  W. 
of  Marshall. 

Blanco,  a  post-bamlet  of  Monterey  co.,  Cal.,  in  Alisal 
township,  1  mile  from  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Blanco,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Blanco  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  Blanco  River,  50  miles  \V.  by  S.  from  Austin.  One 
weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.  Blanco  has  4  church 
organizations,  a  money-order  post-office,  3  flouring-mills, 
<tc.     Gold  and  copper  are  said  to  be  found  here. 

Blanco,  a  river  of  Spain.    See  Guadalaviar. 

Bland,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Virginia,  has  an 
area  of  about  350  square  mile?.  It  is  drained  by  Walker's 
and  Wolf  Creeks,  affluents  of  New  River,  which  traverse 
the  county  from  W.  to  E.  The  surface  is  partly  mountain- 
ous, and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  oak,  hickory, 
sugar-maple,  chestnut,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  of  the 
vallevs  produces  wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  <5tc.  Capitiil, 
Bland.     Pop.  in  1870,  4000;  in  1880,  5004;  in  1890,  5129. 

Bland,  a  post-office  of  Gasconade  co.,  Mo. 

Bland  Court-IIousc,  a  post-office  of  Bland  co.,  Va., 
is  at  Seddon  (which  see). 

Bland'ford,or  Blan'ford,  a  post- townshipof  Hamp- 
den CO.,  Mass.,  .about  20  miles  W.by  N.  of  Springfield.  Pop. 
964.  It  contains  a  hamlet  called  Blandford  Centre,  which 
has  2  churches. 

Blandford,  the  eastern  suburb  of  Petersburg,  Va., 
within  the  city  limits,  but  belonging  to  the  co.  of  Prince 
George.  It  has  a  cotton-factory,  a  distillery,  and  tobacco- 
works  ;  also  a  celebrated  old  church,  and  2  chapels. 

Bland'ford,  a  post-village  of  Lunenburg  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  44  miles  W.  of  Halifax.     Pop.  100. 

Blandford,  or  St.-Louis-de-BIandford,  s&i.-»^- 
loo^ee'-d^h-blSxa'f^B',  a  post-village  of  Arthabaska  co., 
Quebec,  Can.ada,  8  miles  from  Stanford.     Pop.  150. 

Bland'ford  Fo'rum,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of 
Dorset,  on  the  Stour,  here  crossed  by  3  bridges,  and  near 
the  ford  called  by  the  Romans  Trajcc'tus  Belunicn'ais,  17 
miles  N.E.  of  Dorchester.  The  town  is  very  neatly  and 
regularly  built,  with  a  church  in  the  Grecian  style.  It  has 
a  town  hall  and  a  neat  theatre,  free  grammar  and  blue-ooat 
schools,  almshouses,  and  a  manufacture  of  shirt-buttonS. 
It  is  on  a  railway.     Pop.  1536. 

Blan'dinsville,  a  post-village  of  McDonough  co.,  111., 
on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  <fe  Warsaw  Railroad,  26  miles  S.E.  of 
Burlington,  Iowa,  and  64  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Peoria.  It 
has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  mone3'-order  post-office,  a 
grain  elevator,  2  steam  flour-mills,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  4 
churches.  Pop.  1665.  It  is  near  the  boundary  between 
Hire  and  Blandinsville  townships.     Pop.  of  the  latter,  1 707. 

Blan'don,  a  post-village  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  in  Maiden 
Creek  township,  on  the  East  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  8  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Reading.     It  has  a  rolling-mill  and  2  flour-mills. 

Blandona,  the  ancient  name  of  Zara-Vecchia. 

Bland's,  a  post-office  of  Saline  co.,  Ark. 

Bland'ville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ballard  co.,  Ky., 
on  Mayfield  Creek,  about  28  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Paducah,  and 
4  or  5  miles  E.  of  the  Mississippi  River.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  college.     Pop.  385. 

Blaiies,  blin'yfs,  a  seaport  town  of  Spain,  22  miles  S. 
of  Gerona,  on  the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  5900. 

Blan'ford,  a  town  of  Massachusetts.    See  Blandford. 

Blangy,  blixo'zhee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seino-Inf6- 
rieure,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Neufchatel.     Pop.  1681. 


BLA 


662 


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Blankenberghe,  bI&n'kfn-MRa\  a  town  and  railway 
iunction  of  Uelginm,  province  of  AVest  Flanders,  on  the 
English  Channel,  tf  niiloa  X.W.  of  nrugcs.  It  is  a  fashion- 
able bathin;;-plAco,  with  a  cursaal,  a  paved  beaoh  1  mile 
lonz,  a  now  nriiflcial  port,  ami  a  light-house.     Pop.  2350. 

BInnkenbiirg,  bl&n'kfn-b5(ina\  a  town  of  Oermanj, 
duchy  and  50  uiilos  by  rail  S.E.  of  Brunswick.  It  has  a 
ducnl  palace,  a  gymnasium,  and  some  factories.     Pop.  3853. 

Blankeiibnrg,  a  town  of  Germany,  duchy  of  Schwarz- 
burg-Rudolvtadt,  on  the  Rhino,  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Sondors- 
hauscn.     Pop.  I.S51. 

Blankciibiirg,  b1&n'kQn-bS5Ra\  a  hamlet  of  Switzer- 
land, Clinton  of  IJeni,  lU  miles  S.W.  of  Thun. 

IJIank'endale,  a  station  on  the  Louisville,  Harrod's 
Creek  »t  Wcstport  Railroad,  5  miles  from  Louisville,  Ky, 

lllankencsc,  bl&n'k^n-A's^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Ilolstoin,  on  the  Elbe,  6  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Altona.  Pop. 
3336,  mostly  mariners  and  fishermen. 

Blankenhayn,  blin'k^n-hlno^  a  town  of  Germany, 
grand  duchy  and  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Weimar.     Pop.  2241. 

Blankenstein,  bl&n'k^n-stlne^,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Westphalia,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Dusseldorf,  on  a  railway,  and 
on  the  Ruhr.     Pop.  1319. 

Blank'et,  a  post-offico  of  Brown  co.,  Tex. 

Blanket  Hill,  a  post-ofBco  of  Armstrong  co.,  Pa. 

Blank'inship's  JMill,  a  hamlet  of  McDonough  co., 
Mo.,  11  miles  from  Neosho.    It  has  a  grist-  and  a  saw-mill. 

Blanquefort,  bl6Nk'fon',  a  village  of  France,  in  Gi- 
ronde,  6  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Bordeaux,     Pop.  2227. 

Blanqucfort,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Lot- 
et-Garonne,  29  miles  N.N.E.  of  Agcn.     Pop.  1592. 

Blanquilla,  blln-keel'yi,  an  island  of  the  Caribbean 
Sea,  belonging  to  Venezuela,  74  miles  N.N.E.  of  Tortuga, 
and  having  on  its  W.  coast  the  village  of  Agucda. 

Blan'sett,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co..  Ark. 

Blautyre,  bldn-tire',  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Lanark,  8  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Glasgow.  Hero  are  cotton- 
mills  and  dye-works.     Pop.  393 ;  of  Blantyre  Works,  1304. 

Blanzac,  bl6N°'z!Vk',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Charente,  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  AngoulSme.     Pop.  918. 

Blanzy,  bl6x»^zee',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
SaSne-et- Loire,  on  the  Canal  du  Centre,  and  on  a  railway, 
18  miles  S.E.  of  Autun.     Pop.  3215. 

Blar'ney,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  and  4  miles  N.W. 
of  Cork,  on  a  rivulet  of  the  same  name.  The  beauty  of 
its  surrounding  scenery  has  been  rendered  famous  in  song. 
In  its  castle  is  reported  to  be  a  wonderful  stone,  the  kissing 
of  which  has  been  popularly  believed  to  have  the  power  of 
imparting  that  peculiar  style  of  eloquence  termed  "  blarney." 

Blascon,  the  ancient  name  of  Buescou. 

Blascndorf,  in  Transylvania.     See  Balaspalva. 

Blascwitz,  blil'z?h-*its\  a  village  of  Saxony,  5  miles 
B.S.E.  of  Dresden,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Elbe.    Pop.  1577. 

Blask'et  Islands,  a  group  of  rocky  islands  on  the 
W.  coast  of  Ireland,  at  the  entrance  of  Dingle  Bay. 

Blatna,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Flatten. 

Blaton,  bli't6N°',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of 
Hainaut,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Tournay.     Pop.  278U. 

Blaubeuren,  bI6w'boi'r?n,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on 
the  BLiu,  10  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Ulm.     Pop.  2216. 

Blau'veltville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockland  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Orangetown  township,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  and  on  the 
Nyack  &  Northern  Railroad,  26  miles  N.  of  New  York.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Blaw'enburg,  a  small  post-village  of  Somerset  co., 
N.J.,  14  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Trenton.  It  is  i  mile  from 
Skillman  Station  of  the  New  York  &  Philadelphia  Rail- 
road. It  has  a  church.  Blawenburg  Station  is  on  the  Mer- 
cer <t  Somerset  Railroad,  7  miles  from  Pennington. 

Blaye,  bli  (anc.  Bla'via),  a  town  of  France,  department 
and  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Gironde,  24  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Bordeaux.  It  has  a  strong  modern  citadel,  theatre,  hos- 
pital, agricultural  society,  <tc.,  with  considerable  exports  of 
wine,  brandy,  corn,  fruits,  and  soap.  Its  harbor  is  defended 
by  forts,  and  is  much  frequented.     Pop.  4761. 

Bleach'ery,  a  station  in  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Boston  &  Lowell  and  Salem  &  Lowell  Railroads,  1  mile  S. 
of  Lowell. 

Bleachery,  a  station  in  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Watertown  Branch  of  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  1  mile  E.  of 
Waltham. 

Bleak'wood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Newton  co.,  Tex.,  45 
miles  N.  of  Orange. 

Bleckede,  or  Blekede,  bl8k'iM?h,  a  town  of  Han- 
over, 12  miles  E.  of  Liineburg,  on  the  Elbe.     Pop.  739. 

Bledsoe,  bled'so,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of 
Tennessee,  has  an  area  of  about  250  square  miles.     It  is 


drained  by  the  Seqnatohie  River.  The  surfhce  is  hilly  or 
mountainous.  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  wheat  are  stiiplea. 
Capital,  Pikeville.     Pop.  in  1880,  5617;  in  1890,  6l;u. 

Bledsoe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Talladega  co.,  Ala.,  25  miles 
8.  of  Talladega. 

Bledsoe,  a  post-village  of  Lee  co.,  Ark.,  on  the  Mls- 
«issij)i>i  River,  about  40  miles  below  Memphis.  It  bos  2 
churches  and  a  steamboat-landing. 

Bledsoe's  Lick, Tennessee.    SceCASTALiAX  SpniNcs. 

Bleeck'er,  a  post-township  of  Fulton  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
60  miles  N.W.  of  Albany.  It  has  4  churches  and  scvcrul 
tanneries.     Pop.  970. 

Blegno,  or  Blei\jo,  blfin'yo  or  blin'yo,  a  river  of 
Switzerland,  canton  of  Ticino,  flows  S.  nn<l  joins  the  Ticino 
near  Biasca.     It  gives  its  name  to  the  Val  di  Blegno. 

Bleiberg,  bli'bfiRc,  or  Bleibach,  blj'bAK,  a  village 
of  Illyria,  7  miles  W.  of  Villach.  The  lead-mines  at  Blfi- 
berg  are  the  most  extensive  in  Austria,  and  yield  annually 
from  33,000  to  35,000  cwt.  of  excellent  metal.     Pop.  4G01. 

Bleichcrodc,  birK^r-o'd^h,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
near  the  Wipper,  10  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Nordhausen. 

Bleistaclt,  bli'st&tt,  a  mining  town  of  Bohemia,  14 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Eger.     Pop.  900. 

Bleistcin,  a  town  of  Bavaria.    See  Pleisteis. 

BleisAVuk,  blise'wike,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  In 
South  Holland,  7  miles  N.  of  Rotterdam.     Pop.  1452. 

Blekinge,a  province  of  Sweden.    See  CAiiLScno.vA. 

Biding,  blee'ling,  written  also  Baliling,  Buic- 
leng,  Blilling,  Blelling,  <!tc.,  a  small  principality  and 
its  capital,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  island  of  Bali.  The  town, 
in  lat.  8°  15'  S.,  Ion.  115°  5'  E.,  is  the  second  on  the  island. 

Blencoe,  blen'ko,  a  post-village  of  Monona  co.,  Iowa, 
in  a  fine  farming  section  on  the  Sioux  City  <t  Pacific  Rail- 
road,  7  miles  S.  of  Onawa.  It  has  3  church  organizations, 
a  bank,  and  several  stores  and  other  business  houses.  Pop. 
250. 

Blen'don,  a  post-township  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich.,  about 
15  miles  S.W.  of  Grand  Rapids.  Pop.  639.  BIcndon  Sta- 
tion is  in  Olive  township,  31  miles  N.  of  Grand  Junction. 

Blendon,  a  post-township  of  Franklin  co.,  0.,  about 
10  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Columbus.  Pop.  1771.  It  contains 
a  village  named  Westerville. 

BI6neau,  bli^nS',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Yonne,  29  miles  W.S.W.  of  Auxerre.     Pop.  2058. 

Blenheim,  blin'im  (Ger.  BUndheim,  bllnt'hime),  a 
village  of  Bavaria,  23  miles  N.N.W.  of  Augsburg,  famous 
for  the  victory  gained  near  it  by  thp  English  and  Imperial- 
ists over  the  French  and  Bavarians  (called  by  the  French 
the  battle  of  Hochstedt),  August  2,  1704.     Pop.  714. 

Blenheim,  blfin'ira  or  biSn'hime,  a  town  of  Schoharie 
CO.,  N.Y.,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Middleburg.     Pop.  951. 

Blenheim,  a  post-town  of  Kent  co.,  Ont.,  12  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Chatham.  It  has  9  churches,  2  banks,  public 
schools,  a  newspaper  office,  flouring-mills,  planing-mills,  ic. 
Bean  production  is  the  chief  industry.    Pop.  in  1891, 1703. 

Blenheim,  a  town  of  New  Zealand,  capital  of  Marl- 
borough province,  at  the  junction  of  the  Opawa  and  Oraaka 
Rivers,  both  navigable  for  vessels  of  100  tons.  It  has  a 
bi-weekly  newspaper.  Great  quantities  of  tallow,  skins, 
flax,  and  wool  are  shipped  by  water  from  this  place  to  Port 
Underwood.     A  railroad  extends  hence  to  Picton,  IS  miles. 

Blenheim  (bl^n'im)  Park  (formerly  Woodstock 
Park),  a  district  of  England,  co.  of  Oxford,  62i  miles 
W.N.W.  of  London.  Area,  2940  acres,  being  the  demesne 
attached  to  Blenheim  House,  the  seat  of  the  Duke  of  Marl- 
borough. This  edifice  was  given  by  the  nation  to  the  Duke 
of  Marlborough,  in  honor  of  whoso  great  victory,  in  1704, 
it  received  its  name. 

Blenjo,  a  river  of  Switzerland.    See  Blegno. 

Blenk'insop,  a  township  of  England,  co.  of  Northum- 
berland, 17  miles  W.  of  Hexham.     Pop.  664. 

Blen^nerhas'sett's  Island,  a  small  island  in  the 
Ohio,  2  miles  below  Parkersburg,  W.  Va.  This  island,  once 
the  property  of  Harman  Blennerhassett,  is  famous  in  con- 
nection with  the  enterprises  of  Aaron  Burr. 

BIenneville,blfinn'viI,  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland,  CO.  ol 
Kerry,  li  miles  S.W.  of  Tralee.     Pop.  389. 

Blenod-les-TouI,bl?h-no' 14  tool,  a  village  of  France, 
in  Meurthe-et- Moselle,  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Toul.     Pop.  1364. 

Blen's  Creek,  township,  Forsyth  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  817. 

Bl^r^,  bliVd',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Indre- 
et-Loire,  16  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Tours,  on  the  Cher. 
Near  the  town  is  the  famous  castle  of  Chenonceaux,  on  a 
kind  of  bridge  across  the  Cher,  and  having  a  long  galleiy 
which  leads  from  one  side  of  the  river  to  the  other.  It  i» 
in  perfect  preservation.  Many  fine  pictures  decorate  the 
interior.     Pop.  of  B16r6,  35C1. 


BLE 


663 


BLO 


Bles'sington,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Wicklow,  near 
the  Liffey,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Dublin.  Pop.  409.  It  gave 
the  title  of  Earl  to  the  Gardner  family,  the  widow  of  the  last 
of  whom  was  the  well-known  authoress,  the  late  Countess 
of  Blessington. 

Bles'sington,  a  post-village  of  Hastings  co.,  Ontario, 
Canada,  7  miles  from  Shannonville.     Pop.  250. 

Bletch'ingly,  a  town  of  England,  Surrey,  18  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  London.     Pop.  of  parish,  1916. 

Bletisama,  the  ancient  name  of  Ledesma. 
Bl^ville,  bliVeel',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Seine-Infericure,  2  miles  N.  of  Havre.     Pop.  1712. 

Blevio,  bli've-o,  a  village  of  Italy,  near  the  Lago  di 
Como,  with  numerous  elegant  villas.     Pop.  815. 
Blew'fields,  Central  America.    See  Bluefields. 
Blidah,  or  Blida,  bleo'di,  a  town  of  Algeria,  on  the 
Metidjah,  30  miles  by  rail  S.AV.  of  Algiers.     Pop.  8113. 
f    Blieskastel,  or  Bliescastel,  blees'kis-tSr,  a  town 
Ibf  Rhenish  Bavaria,  on  the  Blies,  5^  miles  by  rail  W.  of 
IDeux-Ponts.     Pop.  1542. 

Bligh's  (bliz)  Islands,  a  group  of  the  Feejee  Archi- 
pelago, Pacific  Ocean,  named  after  their  discoverer  in  1789. 
Bligny-sur-Ouche,  bleen'yee'-siiR-oosh,  a  town  of 
France,  in  C6te-d'0r,  9  miles  N.  of  Beaune.     Pop.  1390. 
Billing,  a  town  of  the  East  Indies.     See  Bleling. 
Blindlieim,  a  village  of  Bavaria.    See  BLENHEur. 
Bliss,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y.,  20  miles 
|i)y  rail  S.  by  W.  of  War.-iaw,  and  9  miles  S.  of  Gainesville. 
Bliss'field,  a  post-village  of  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  on 
laisin  River,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern 
iKaiiroad,  10  miles  E.S.B.  of  Adrian,  and  on  the  Canada 
Southern   Railroad,  59   miles  S.W.  of  Detroit.     It  has  2 
banks,  a  graded  school,  7  churches,  a  newspaper  ofiBce,  a 
Bouring-mill,  a  foundry,  a  canning-factory,  and  manufac- 
Itores  of  furniture,  carriages,  tobacco,  lumber,  and  broom- 
handles.     Pop.  in  1890,  1132.     Blissfiei.d  Junction  is  2 
|iniles  from  the  village,  on  the  above-named  railroads. 
Blissfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.,  40  miles 
By  rail  N.  of  Zanesville.     It  has  manufactures  of  briek 
Ind  tile  and  several  st'ires,  <fcc. 
Bliss'ville,a  hamlet  in  Lisbon  township.  New  London 
Conn.,  1  mile  from  Taftville   Station.     It  has  manu- 
acturcs  of  cotton  warps  and  twine. 
Blissvillc,  a  village  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  is  a  part  of 
iLong  Island  Citj'.     It  has  a  church,  a  manufactory  of  tomb- 
tones,  a  large  compressed-yeast  factory,  bone-boiling  works, 
distillery,  and  an  oil-refinery.     It  is  on  the  navigable 
Newtown  Creek,  1  mile  by  rail  E.  of  Hunter's  Point. 

Blissville  (Frodericton  Junction  Post-OfTice),  a  village 

bf  Sunbury  co..  New  Brunswick,  22  miles  S.S.E.  of  Fred- 

ericton,  at  the  junction  of  the  European  &  North  American 

md   Fredericton  Railways.     Pop.  300.     The   neighboring 

jvillago  of  South  Branch  Oromocto  (pop.  200)  has  a  post- 

'ofiice  called  Blissvillc. 

Blitar,  a  town  of  Java.     See  Brindiok. 
Blitong,  a  Malay  island.    See  Billitox. 
lizhni,  bleezh'nee,  or  Nearer  Islands,  the  western- 
aost  group  of  the  true  or  American  Aleutian  Islands. 
Bloch'er,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saline  co.,  Ark.,  35  miles 
f.  of  Little  Rock. 

Block,  a  post-hamlet  of  Miami  co.,  Kansas,  18  miles 
;.E.  of  Paola. 
Block'er,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  Texas,  15 
liniles  E.  of  Marshall. 

Block'er's,  a  village  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.C.,  12  miles 
from  Fayetteville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Blocker's,  township,  Edgefield  co.,  S.C.,  Pop.  1035. 
Block  House,  Tioga  co..  Pa.    See  Liberty. 
Block  House,  a  post-office  of  Klikitat  co..  Wash. 
Block  Island,  formerly  Man'isees,  in  the  Atlantic 
)cean,  is  about  9  miles  from  the  mainland  of  Rhode  Island, 
No  which  it  belongs.    It  is  7  or  8  miles  long.     A  light-house 
[has  been  erected  at  its  northern  end,  lat.  41°  13'  N.,  Ion. 
i7l°35'W.     Pop.  1147.    See  New  Shoreham. 

Blocksberg,  a  mountain  in  Germany.    See  Brocken. 

Blocks'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal.,  120 

[miles  N.  of  Cloverdale.     It  has  2  hotels.     Pop.  about  150. 

Bloc'ton,  a  mining  post-town  and  railroad  centre  of 

[Bibb  CO.,  111.,  37  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Birmingham. 

Tt  has  several  churches  and  an  academy.    Pop.  about  2500. 

Block'ton,  a  post-town  of  Taylor  co.,  Iowa,  IS  miles 

B.E.  of  Bedford.     It  contains  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  flour- 

ing-mill,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  400. 

Block'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y., 
2J  miles  from  Ashville.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  200. 

Blodg'et's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cortland  co.,  N.Y., 
i  miles  by  rail  S.B.  of  Cortland.    It  has  a  church.    Pop.  100. 


Blodg'ett,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Scott  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  29  miles 
N.W.  of  Belmont.     It  has  a  church. 

Bloemendaal,  bloo'm§n-d|l,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  South  Holland,  li  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Gouda. 

Bloemendaal,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North 
Holland,  3  miles  N.  of  Haarlem,  is  one  of  the  finest  villages 
in  the  province.     Pop.  3654. 

Bloemfontein,bloom^fon'tlne,the  capital  of  the  Orange 
Free  State,  South  Africa,  285  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Port  Natal. 
It  is  the  seat  of  an  Anglican  bishop.     Pop.  (1880)  2567. 

Blois,  bloi,  or,  more  correctly,  blw4,  a  city  of  France, 
capital  of  the  department  of  Loir-et-Cher,  on  both  sides  of 
the  Loire,  112  miles  S.W.  of  Paris,  and  35  miles  by  rail 
S.W.  of  Orleans.  Blois  is  picturesquely  situated  on  a  steep 
slope,  crowned  by  its  ancient  castle.  It  is  a  bishop's  see, 
and  has  a  tribunal  of  commerce,  a  college,  a  normal  school, 
a  diocesan  seminary,  a  botanic  garden,  and  a  public  library. 
The  most  remarkable  edifices  are  the  hotel  de  ville  and  the 
episcopal  palace.  The  castle  of  Blois  is  celebrated  from  its 
historical  associations,  but  has  been  rebuilt  and  extended  so 
that  nothing  remains  of  its  original  structure  except  the 
Gothic  tower.  The  town  is  of  great  antiquity,  and  was 
formerly  the  capital  of  an  extensive  county.  There  is  hero 
an  ancient  aqueduct  cut  in  the  rock  by  the  Romans  ;  it  is 
still  used  for  supplying  the  town  with  water.  The  magnifi- 
cent dikes  for  the  protection  of  the  valleys  from  the  en- 
croachments of  the  Loire  commence  at  Blois.  It  has  man- 
ufactures of  gloves  and  porcelain,  and  an  extensive  trade  in 
wine,  timber,  and  brandy.     Pop.  20,000. 

Blokulla,  blo-kool'lS,  a  small  island  of  Sweden,  in  the 
Baltic,  between  Oland  and  the  mainland. 

Blokzyl,  blok'zile,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  province 
of  Overyssel,  with  a  port  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  Zuyder  Zee, 
15  miles  N.N.AV.  of  ZwoUe.     Pop.  1665. 

Blomberg,  blom'bfiRG,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Lippe, 
on  the  Distel,  40  miles  S.W.  of  Hanover.     Pop.  2104. 

Blonie,  bl6n'yi,  a  town  of  Poland,  16  miles  W.  of 
Warsaw.     Pop.  1327. 

Blood's  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Rochester  division  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  55  miles  S. 
of  Rochester.     It  has  a  church  and  a  union  school. 

Blood'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Milton 
township,  nearly  1  mile  from  Ballston  Spa.  It  has  a  man- 
ufactory of  axes  and  scythes. 

Blood'worth's,  a  post-office  of  Wilkinson  co.,  Ga. 

Blood'y-Far'Iand,  a  promontory  of  Ireland,  Ulster, 
CO.  of  Donegal,  on  its  N.W.  coast,  5  miles  W.S.W.  of  the 
island  of  Innisboffin. 

Bloody  Run,  Pennsylvania.    See  Everett. 

Bloom,  a  post-village  of  Cook  co..  111.,  in  Bloom  town- 
ship, on  the  Chicago,  Danville  &  Vincennes  Railroad,  where 
it  crosses  the  Joliet  division  of  the  Michigan  Central  Rail- 
road, 33  miles  S.  of  Chicago.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  of 
Bloom  township,  1213. 

Bloom,  a  township  of  Osborne  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  200. 

Bloom,  a  township  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.  Pop.  2071.  It 
contains  Lithopolis,  Greencastle,'  and  Jefferson. 

Bloom,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  0.  Pop.  987.  It 
contains  Eagleport. 

Bloom,  a  township  of  Scioto  co.,  0.  Pop.  2203.  Bloom 
Station  is  on  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  Portsmouth 
division,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Portsmouth.  The  township  in- 
cludes Webster. 

Bloom,  a  township  of  Seneca  co.,  0.     Pop.  1492. 

Bloom,  a  township  of  Wood  co.,  0.  Pop.  1394.  It 
contains  Bairdstown. 

Bloom,  a  township  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.    Pop.  315. 

Bloom,  a  township  of  Columbia  co..  Pa.  Pop.  same  as 
that  of  Bloomsburg,  with  which  its  limits  are  identical. 

Bloom,  a  township  of  Richland  co.,  AVis.     Pop.  1299. 

Bloom  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Logan  co.,  0.,  about 
25  miles  N.E.  of  Piqua.     It  has  a  church. 

Bloom'dale,  a  post-village  of  AVood  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  (Chicago  division),  20  miles  AV. 
by  N.  of  Tiffin.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and 
a  newspaper  office. 

Bloom 'er,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sebastian  co.,  Ark.,  about 
18  miles  E.S.B.  of  Fort  Smith. 

Bloomer,  a  township  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
1816.     It  contains  Carson  City. 

Bloomer  (formerly  Vauville),  a  post-village  of  Chip- 
pewa CO.,  AVis.,  14  miles  by  rail  N.  Ijy  W.  of  Chippewa 
Falls.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  high-school,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  flour.  Pop. 
about  800. 

Bloom'ery,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hampshire  co.,  AV.  Va., 


BLO 


6G4 


BLO 


17  milM  from  Paw  Paw  lUilroml  SUtton.  It  has  an  iron- 
fornoce,  a  woollon-uill,  a  tuuiiory,  3  stores,  and  mincj  of 
brown  hoinntito. 

Bloom'fieldt  a  post'oQloe  and  steamboat-landing  of 
Madison  oo.,  Ala.,  on  the  Tonuoesee  lUror,  20  miles  8.  of 
liuntsvillo. 

Bloomficldt  ft  post-hamlot  of  Benton  oo.,  Ark.,  about 
28  uiilcs  N.W.  of  Faycttovillc.  It  has  2  dry-goods  stores 
and  a  church. 

Illooinfield,  a  township  of  Nerada  cc,  Cal.,  contains 
North  Hlooiufield,  and  has  produced  much  gold.     Pop.  636. 

Bloonitield,  a  post-vilhtge  uf  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  about 
48  miles  N.N.W.  of  Sun  Francisco.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
Uvnnury,  a  steam  grist-mill,  and  2  hotels. 

Illuomfield,  a  post-village  of  Hartford  co.,  Conn.,  in 
BlooinrioM  township,  on  the  Connecticut  Western  Railroad, 
6i  miles  N.W.  of  Hartford.  The  township  has  a  high  school 
and  4  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1473. 

Bloomfield,  a  post- village  of  liuke  co.,  Fla.,  6  miles 
S.G.  of  Loexburg.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  2U0. 

Uluoinficld,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co.,  III.,  on  the 
Cairo  .tVincenneslliiilroad,  37  miles  N.N. E,  of  Cairo.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  plough-factory,  and  a  grist-mill.  Many  peaches, 
pears,  plums,  Ac,  are  shipped  here. 

Bloomfield,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Orecno  co.,  Ind., 
about  1  mile  E.  of  ftie  West  Fork  of  White  River,  and  44 
miles  S.E.  of  Terre  Haute.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are 
published  here.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  seminary,  and 
planing-,  saw-,  and  flour-mills.  In  the  vicinity  are  large 
coal  mines.     Pop.  1229. 

Bloumfield,  a  township  of  La  Grange  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
2254.     It  includes  the  town  of  La  Grange. 

Bloomtield,  a  township,  Clinton  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  1364. 

Bluonifield,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Davis  co.,  Iowa,  on 
a  high  prairie,  1  mile  S.  of  Fox  River,  and  on  the  Burling- 
ton &  Southwestern  Railroad  at  its  junction  with  the  St. 
Louis,  Kansas  City  <t  Northern  Railroad,  85  miles  W.  by 
S.  from  Burlington,  and  21  miles  S.  of  Ottumwa.  It  has  a 
national  bank,  2  other  banks,  S  churches,  and  2  flour-mills. 
It  contains  also  the  Southern  Iowa  Normal  and  Scientific 
Institute.  Three  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 
Pop.  in  1880,  1531 ;  in  1890,  1913. 

Bloomfield,  a  township  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1309. 

Bloom  field,  townshij),  Winneshiek  co.,Iowa.  Pop  1188. 

Bloomfield,  township,  Mitchell  co.,  Kansas.   Pop.  300. 

Bloomfield,  an  incorporated  post-town  of  Nelson  co., 
Ky.,  at  the  terminus  of  a  branch  railroad,  about  37  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Louisville,  and  II  miles  N.E.  of  Bardstowc  It 
has  6  churches,  2  banks,  public  schools  for  white  and  colored, 
and  roller-mills.     Pop.  about  750. 

Bloomfield,  a  township  of  Huron  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  148. 

Bloomfield,  a  township  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
1912.     It  contains  Birmingham. 

Bloomfield,  township,  Fillmore  CO.,  Minn.    Pop.  1013. 

Bloomfield,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Stoddard  co., 
Mo.,  about  13U  miles  S.  by  E.  from  St.  Louis,  and  8  miles 
N.  of  Dexter  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  seminary,  2  flour- 
mills,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  379. 

Bloomfield,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Monlolair  &  Greenwood  Lake  Railroad,  and  on  the  Newark 
&  Bloomfield  Railroad,  4  miles  N.N.W.  of  Newark,  and  12 
miles  N.W.  of  New  York  City.  The  Morris  Canal  passes 
the  village.  It  has  9  churches,  a  national  and  a  savings 
bank,  a  theological  seminary,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  man- 
ufactures of  organs,  woollen  goods,  ic.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
shin  in  1890,  7708. 

Bloomfield,  a  village  of  Coshocton  and  Holmes  cos.,  0., 
is  mostly  in  Clark  township,  8  miles  S.  of  Millersburg.  It 
has  2  churches,  an  academy,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  planing- 
mill.    The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Clark. 

Bloomfield,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  0.  Pop.  1775. 
It  contains  Vega,  Pattensville,  and  Winchester. 

Bloomfield,  a  village  of  Jeflerson  co.,  0.,  in  Wayne 
township,  1  i  miles  from  Bloomfield  Statiox  (which  see).  It 
has  3  churches  and  a  flouring-mill.  Here  is  Bloomingdale 
Post-Office.     Pop.  146. 

Bloomfield,  a  township  of  Logan  co.,  0.    Pop.  655. 

Bloomfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morrow  co.,  0.,  36  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Columbus. 

Bloomfield,  a  hamlet  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.,  4  miles 
from  New  Concord  Railroad  Station,  and  about  18  miles 
N.E.  of  Zanesville.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  seminary. 
Pop.  98.    The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Sago. 

Bloomfield,  Pickaway  co.,  0.   See  South  Bloomfield. 

Bloomfield,  a  township  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.  Pop.  793. 
Bloomfield  Station  is  on  the  Ashtabula  <t  Young^town  Rail- 
toad.  29  miles  S.  of  Ashtabula. 


Bloomfield,  or  Ore  Bank,  a  station  in  Bedford  co., 
Pa.,  the  terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad 
from  Roaring  Sjtring,  3  miles  distant,  Bloomfield  is  20 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Altoona.     Iron  is  mined  here. 

Bloomflcld,  a  post-township  of  Craw  ford  co.,  Pa., about 
15  miles  N.N.W.  of  Titusvillo.  Pop.  1202.  It  contair.i 
Lincolnvillc. 

Bloomfield,  Perry  co..  Pa.    See  New  Bloomfield. 

Bloomfield,  a  post-ofiico  of  Cooko  co.,  Tex. 

Bloomfield,  a  post-township  of  Essex  co.,  Vt.,  about 
36  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Johnsbury,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
the  Connecticut  River.     I'op.  455. 

Bloomfield,  a  post-village  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va.,  6  miles 
from  Round  Hill  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  seminary. 

Bloomfield,  a  township  of  Walworth  co.,  Wis.,  on  the 
Illinois  line.     Pop.  1107.     It  contains  Genoa. 

Bloomfield,  township,  Waushara  co.,  AVis.    Pop.  135.<!. 

Bloomfield,  a  post-villnge  in  Kings  co..  New  Bruns 
wick,  27  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  St.  John.     Pop.  200. 

Bloomfield,  a  post-village  of  Prince  Edward  co..  On- 
tario,  Canada,  on  Great  Stmdy  Bay,  Lake  Ontario,  42  miles 
S.W.  of  Kingston.     Pop.  400. 

Bloomfield,  Ontario.    See  South  Monaohan. 

Bloomfield  Centre,  a  hamlet  in  Bloomfield  town- 
ship, Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  on  or  near  the  Detroit  &  Jlil- 
waukee  Railroad,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Pontiac. 

Bloomfield  Junction,  New  Jersey,  is  1  mile  N.W 
of  Newark,  and  3  miles  from  Bloomfield,  at  the  junctinn 
of  the  Newark  &,  Bloomfield  with  the  Morris  &  E^sc.\ 
Railroad. 

Bloomfield  Station,  ahamlet(Fair  Play  Post-Office) 
in  Jefferson  co.,  0.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis 
Railroad,  18  miles  W.  of  Steuben ville,  and  li  miles  from 
Bloomfield  village. 

Bloom'ingbiirg,  a  post-villnge  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Mamakating  township,  on  the  New  York  &  Oswego  Mid- 
land Railroad,  77  miles  N.N.W.  of  New  York,  and  on  the 
Delaware  <t  Hudson  Canal.  It  has  3  churches  and  an 
academy. 

Bloomingburg,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  0..  in 
Paint  township,  on  a  branch  of  Sugar  Creek,  about  35  miles 
S.AV,  of  Columbus.  It  has  3  churches,  the  Bloomingburg 
Academy,  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  312. 

Bloom'ingdale,  a  post-village  of  Hillsborough  co., 
Fla.,  in  a  phosphate-producing  region,  about  15  miles  E.  by 
S.  of  Tampa.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  high  school. 

Bloomingdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chatham  co.,  Ga., 
12  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Savannah. 

Bloomingdale,  a  post-village  of  Du  Page  co..  111.,  in 
Bloomingdale  township,  about  25  milesW.N.W.  of  Chicago, 
and  2  miles  from  Roselle  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  of  township,  1 141. 

Bloomingdale,  a  post-village  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Pcnn  township,  abc"'  65  miles  W.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has 
the  Bloomingdale  Academy,  a  Friends'  meeting-house,  a 
flouring-mill,  and  a  mnnufiictory  of  stoneware. 

Bloomingdale,  a  post-office  of  Barton  co.,  Kansas. 

Bloomingdale,  a  post-village  of  Van  Buren  co., 
Mich.,  in  Bloomingdale  township,  and  on  the  South  Haven 
division  of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  23  miles  W.  of 
Kalamazoo,  and  17  miles  E.  of  South  Haven.  It  has  a 
church,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  lumber 
and  wooden  bowls.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1690. 

Bloomingdale,  a  post-village  of  Passaic  co.,  N.J..  in 
Pompton  township,  on  I'equannock  Creek,  and  on  the  New 
Jersey  Midland  Railroad,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Paterson,  and 
24  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Newark.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  manufactures  of  rubber  goods,  paper,  Ac. 

Bloomingdale,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
St.  Armand  township,  about  37  miles  S.AV.  of  Plattsburg, 
and  5  miles  N.AV.  of  Whiteface  Mountain.  It  has  a  starch- 
factory  and  a  grist-mill. 

Bloomingdale,  Jefferson  co.,  0.     See  Bi.oomfikld. 

Bloomingdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Luzerne  eg.,  Pa.,  in 
Ross  township,  about  20  miles  AV.  of  Wilkesbarre.  It  has 
a  church. 

Bloomingdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  S.D.,  10 
miles  from  Vermilion.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  store. 

Bloomingdale,  a  hamlet,  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn.,  8  miles 
S.  of  Estillville,  A'a.,  and  12  miles  N.AV.  of  Blountvillc. 

Bloomingdale,  a  post-village  of  Vernon  co.,  AVis.,  in. 
Clinton  township,  20  miles  S.  oif  Norwalk,  and  30  miles 
S.E.  of  La  Crosse.     It  has  a  tannery  and  a  grist-mill. 

Bloomingdale,  a  post-village  in  AVaterloo  co.,  On- 
tario, 5  miles  by  rail  N.EI.  of  Berlin.     Pop.  100. 

Bloom'ing  Glen,  a  post-village  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  3 


BLO 


665 


BLO 


%i]es  S.E.  of  Perkasie.  It  has  a  church  (Mennonite),  a 
creamery,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  clothing,  and 
grain  products.     Pop.  about  400. 

Bloom'ing  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Franlilin  co., 
Ind.,  in  Blooming  Grove  township,  about  28  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Richmond.     It  has  a  church,  a  pottery,  a  saw-mill,  and 

pump-factory.     Pop.  130;  of  township,  801. 

^looming  Grove,  a  township  of  Orange  oo.,  N.Y., 

lOut  50  miles  N.N.W.  of  New  York,  is  intersected  by  a 

lilroad  which  connects  Newburg  with  Warwick.     It  con- 
ins  Craigsville  and  Oxford  Depot.     Pop.  2465. 

lllooming  Grove,  a  hamlet  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y., 
North  Greenbush  township,  about  8  miles  B.  of  Albany, 
has  a  church.     Pop.  about  150.     Here  is  De  Freestville 

ist-Office. 

Blooming  Grove,  a  village  of  Morrow  co.,  0.,  in 
rth  Bloomfield  township,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Galion.     It  has 

churches.     Pop.  113. 

Blooming  Grove,  a  township  of  Richland  co.,  0. 
.  1199.     It  contains  Rives. 
looming  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co..  Pa.,  in 

looming  township,  17  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ilonesdale.  It  has 
rge  tannery  and  a  grist-mill.     It  is  near  the  Blooming 

'ove  Park,  which  has  an  area  of  nearly  12,000  acres,  with 

fine  club-house.     The  township  abounds  in  game. 

Blooming  Grove,  a  post-town  of  Navarro  co.,  Tex,, 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Corsicana.     It   has  4  churches,  a 

,nk,  a  newspaper  oflBce,  and  several  cotton-ginning  ma- 

ines.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Bloom'ingport,  a  post-village  in  "Washington  town- 
ship, Randolph  co.,  Ind.,  3i  miles  from  Lynn.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Blooming  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-village  of  Steele 
CO.,  Minn.,  in  Blooming  Prairie  township,  15  miles  by  rail 
N.  of  Austin,  and  86  miles  S.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  bank,  and  a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  400. 

Blooming  Rose,  a  post-hamlet  of  Phelps  co.,  Mo.,  35 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Rolla. 

Bioom'ingsburg,  a  post-village  of  Fulton  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Tippecanoe  River,  40  miles  S.  of  South  Bend. 

Bloom'ington,  a  post-town  of  Bear  Lake  co.,  Idaho, 
12  miles  S.AV.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  a  church,  and  manu- 
factures of  lumber.     Pop.  350. 

Bloomington,  a  flourishing  city  of  Illinois,  the  capi- 
tal of  McLean  co.,  is  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Alton  Railroad  at 
the  junction  of  its  Jacksonville  division,  and  on  the  North- 
ern division  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  at  the  junction 
of  its  middle  division  running  to  Chicago,  and  the  Cleve- 
land, Chicago,  Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  44  miles  N. 
of  Decatur,  45  miles  E.S.E.  of  Peoria,  69  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Springfield,  and  126  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  is  the 
terminus  of  the  Peoria  division  of  the  Lake  Erie  &  West- 
ern Railroad,  and  is  one  of  the  most  important  railroad 
centres  in  the  state.  It  has  a  new  stone  court-house,  which 
cost  $100,000.  Here  is  the  Illinois  Wesleyan  University 
(Methodist  Episcopal),  which  was  founded  in  1857  and 
has  22  instructors  and  about  800  students.  The  Illinois 
State  Normal  University  is  2  miles  N.  of  this  city,  at 
Normal  (which  see).  The  streets  are  lighted  with  elec- 
tricity, the  plant  for  which  is  owned  by  the  city.  Bloom- 
ington contains  22  churches,  a  Catholic  academy,  4  banks, 
an  opera-house,  a  high  school,  the  machine-shops  of  the 
Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  which  employ  nearly  1500  men, 
and  mills  and  factories  of  various  kinds.  Here  are  printing- 
offices  which  issue  3  daily  and  7  weekly  papers  (2  of  which 
are  in  German),  besides  1  semi-monthly  and  3  monthly 
periodicals.  It  has  water-works  which  supply  an  abun- 
dance of  water  derived  from  a  well  dug  in  the  prairie.  A 
stand-pipe  204  feet  high  is  connected  with  the  water-works. 
Coal  is  mined  here.  Pop.  in  1860,  7075  ;  in  1870,  14,590: 
in  1880,  17,180  ;  in  1890,  22,242. 

Bloomington,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Monroe  co.,  Ind., 
is  in  Bloomington  township,  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany 
&  Chicago  Railroad,  97  miles  N.N.W.  of  New  Albany,  and 
60  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Indianapolis.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  9  churches,  a  national  bank,  printing-ofiBces 
which  issue  4  newspapers,  a  foundry,  a  chair-factory,  a  bed- 
stead-factory, a  spoke-  and  hub-factory,  stone  quarries,  <fec. 
It  has  a  public  library,  the  building  for  which  was  erected 
at  a  cost  of  $75,000.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  Indiana  Uni- 
versity, which  was  founded  in  1828  by  the  state.  Pop.  in 
1880,  2756;  in  1890,  4018. 

Bloomington,  township,  Decatur  CO.,  Iowa.    Pop.  367. 

Bloomington,  a  township  of  Muscatine  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  1166,  exclusive  of  the  city  of  Muscatine. 

Bloomington,  township,  Butler  CO.,  Kansas.  Pop.  384, 

Bloomington,  a  post-village  of  Osborne  oo.,  Kansas, 
43 


in  the  Solomon  Valley,  40  miles  N.  of  Russell  Railroad 
Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bloomington,  a  post-village  of  Garrett  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  North  Branch  of  the  Potomac,  at  the  mouth  of  Savage 
River,  and  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  30  miles  S.W. 
of  Cumberland.  It  has  a  church  and  rich  coal-mines.  Four 
companies  operate  in  coal  near  this  place. 

Bloomington,  a  post-village  of  Hennepin  co.,  Minn., 
in  Bloomington  township,  near  the  Minnesota  River,  and 
about  18  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Paul.  Bloomington  Station  is  on 
the  S.  side  of  the  river,  in  Scott  co.,  and  on  the  St.  Paul  & 
Sioux  City  Railroad,  22  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Paul.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  769. 

Bloomington,  or  De  Kalb,  a  village  of  Buchanan 
CO.,  Mo.,  in  Bloomington  township,  12  miles  S.  of  St.  Joseph. 
Pop.  224;  of  township,  14S7.     Here  is  De  Kalb  Post-Office. 

Bloomington,  a  post-village  of  Macon  co..  Mo.,  3  miles 
from  Bevier,  and  6  or  7  miles  N.W.  of  Macon  City.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  156.  ' 

Bloomington,  a  hamlet  of  Webster  co..  Mo.,  15  miles 
S.E.  of  Marshfield.  It  has  a  church  and  a  seminary.  Here 
is  Waldo  Post-Office. 

Bloomington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Franklin  co.. 
Neb.,  on  the  Republican  River,  45  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Kear- 
ney. It  has  3  churches,  2  banks,  newspaper  offices,  and 
manufactures  of  brooms,  butter,  and  cheese.     Pop.  464. 

Bloomington,  a  post-borough  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J., 
in  Franklin  township,  on  the  Raritan  River,  i  mile  from 
Bound  Brook.     It  has  several  churches.     Pop.  801. 

Bloomington,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  0.,  in 
Wilson  township,  about  56  miles  N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It 
has  a  church.     Pop.  119. 

Bloomington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa., 
about  33  miles  N.  of  Altoona. 

Bloomington,  a  hamlet  and  watering-place  of  Putnam 
CO.,  Tenn.,  50  miles  E.  of  Lebanon.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
mineral  spring. 

Bloomington,  a  post-village  of  Grant  co., -Wis.,  in 
Bloomington  township,  about  10  miles  AV.  of  Lancaster,  and 
33  miles  N.N.W.  of  Dubuque,  Iowa.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
bank,  a  graded  school,  a  carriage-shop,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  587;  of  the  township,  1174. 

Bloomington  Ferry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hennepin  co., 
Minn.,  on  the  Minnesota  River,  about  20  miles  W.S.W.  of 
St.  Paul. 

Bloom'ing  Val'ley,  a  post-borough  of  Crawford  co., 
Pa.,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Meadville.  It  has  an  academy,  2 
churches,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  500. 

Bloom'ingville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  0.,  8  miles 
S.  of  Sandusky,  and  1  mile  from  Prout's  Railroad  Station. 

B I  oomingville  (South  Bloomingville  Post-Office),  a  vil- 
lage of  Hocking  co.,  0.,  about  45  miles  S.S.E.  of  Columbus. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Blooms'burg,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Columbia 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  Fishing  Creek,  1  mile  N.  of.  the  North  Branch 
of  the  Susquehanna  River,  at  the  junction  of  2  railroad 
lines,  56  miles  W.S.W.  of  Scranton,  12  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Danville,  and  80  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Harrisburg.  It 
contains  10  churches,  a  national  bank,  2  other  banks,  the 
Bloomsburg  State  Normal  School,  several  iron-furnaces  and 
foundries,  and  mannfactures  of  silks,  woollen  goods,  carpets, 
school  furniture,  Ac.  Three  weekly  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished here.  A  canal  connects  Bloomsburg  with  the  Sus- 
quehanna River.  The  buildings  of  the  normal  school  cost 
about  $150,000.     Pop.  in  1880,  3702;  in  1890,  4635. 

Bloomsburg,  the  former  name  of  Turbeville,  Va. 

Bloomsburg,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk  co.,  Ontario, 
on  Black  Creek,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Simcoe.  Steamers  run 
hence  to  Port  Ryerse,  on  Lake  Erie.     Pop.  100. 

Blooms'bury,  a  post-village  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.,I.,  in 
Bethlehem  township,  on  the  Musconetcong  River  and  the 
Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Easton, 
Pa.,  and  about  12  miles  S.  of  Belvidere.  It  has  2  churches, 
2  flouring-mills,  a  bank,  and  a  foundry. 

Blooms'dale,  a  post-village  of  St.  Genevieve  co.,  Mo., 
in  Jackson  township,  6  miles  from  the  Mississippi  River. 

Bloom  Switch,  a  post-office  at  Bloom  Station,  Scioto 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  20  miles  B. 
by  N.  of  Portsmouth. 

Bloom'ville,  a  post-village  in  Kortright  township, 
Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  main  (west)  branch  of  the 
Delaware  River,  8  miles  E.  of  Delhi.  It  has  a  church. 
It  is  surrounded  by  hills,  valleys,  and  rich  dairy  farms. 

Bloomville,  a  post-village  of  Seneca  co.,  0.,  in  Bloom 
township,  on  the  Mansfield,  Coldwater  &  Lake  Michigan 
Railroad,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Tiffin.  It  has  an  academy,  3 
churches,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  700. 


BLO 


660 


BLU 


Bios'enrille,  a  po»t-hnm1et  of  Cumberlnnd  co.,  Pa., 
about  10  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Carlisle.     It  has  :i  cliurches. 

Bloss,  ft  town«bip  of  Tiogiv  oo.,  Pa.,  containing  the  im- 
portant coal-mining  town  of  Arnot.     Pop.  4008. 

Bloss'biirg,  ft  post-village  and  railroad  centre  of  Tioga 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Hamilton  township,  on  the  Tioga  River,  41  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Corning,  N.Y.,  and  about  33  miles  N.  of  Wil- 
riamsport.     Its  prosperity  is  derived  mainly  from  mines  of 
■emi-bituuiinous  coal.     It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  graded  school,  2  machine-shops,  a  foundry, 
a  tannery,  and  manufucturea  of  window-glass,  lumber,  sash, 
Ao.     Poj).  in  1890,  2568, 
Blos'som,  a  post-office  of  Erie  co.,  N.T. 
Blossom,  a  post-town  of  Lamar  co.,  Tex.,  81  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Texarkana,  and  10  miles  E.  of  Paris.     It  has  5 
churches,  a  bank,  several   cotton-ginning   establishments 
and  mills,  a  college,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  1000. 
Blossom  Hill)  a  post-office  of  Princess  Anne  oo,,  Va. 
Bloss'vale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  near 
Taberg  Station,  II  miles  N.W,  of  Rome.     It  has  paper- 
and  saw-mills, 

Blotsheim,  blots'hlme  (Fr,  pron.  blots^Sm'),  a  village 
of  Alsace,  4  miles  W,  of  Iliiningen.     Pop.  2441. 

Blount,  blant,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Alabama,  has 
an  area  of  980  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  head- 
streams  of  Black  Warrior  River,  one  of  which  is  called  the 
Mulberry  Fork.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  extensively  cov- 
ered with  forests  of  good  timber.  Indian  corn,  cotton, 
wheat,  Ac,  are  the  staple  products.  Coal  is  found  here. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Cincinnati,  Louisville  & 
New  Orleans  division,  and  traversed  by  the  Birmingham 
Mineral  Branch,  of  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad. 
Capital,  Blountsville.  Pop.  in  1870,  9945  :  in  1880, 15,369  ; 
in  1890,  21,927. 

Blount,  a  county  of  East  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of 
about  950  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the 
Holstoiv  River,  navigable  by  steamboats,  and  on  the  S.W. 
by  the  Little  Tennessee  River.  The  surface  is  diversified 
by  Chilhowee  Mountain  and  Iron  or  Smoky  Mountain, 
which  extends  along  the  S.E.  border.  A  large  part  of  the 
county  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  pine,  <fec.  The 
soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  oats 
are  the  staple  products.  Marble,  limestone,  and  iron  ore 
are  found  here.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Knoxville 
&  Augusta  Railroad.  Capital,  Maryville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
14,237;  in  1880,  15,985;  in  1890,  17,589. 

Blount,  a  post-township  of  Vermilion  co..  111.,  about  5 
miles  N.W.  of  Danville,  It  contains  a  village  named  Hig- 
ginsvilie.     Pop.  1532, 

Blount's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Beaufort  co,,  N.C., 
on  the  Pamlico  River,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Washington. 

Blount's  (or  Blunt's)  Ferry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Co- 
lumbia CO.,  Fla.,  on  the  Suwanee  River,  18  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Jasper,     It  has  a  church, 

Blount  Springs,  a  post- village  and  summer  resort  of 
Blount  CO.,  Ala.,  on  the  South  &  North  Alabama  Railroad 
where  it  crosses  the  Mulberry  River,  34  miles  N.  of  Bir- 
mingham. It  has  a  mineral  spring,  3  churches,  an  acad- 
demy,  and  2  flour-mills.  Pop.  about  300, 
Blount  Station,  Kane  co.,  111.  See  Big  Rock. 
Blounts'town,  a  post-hamlet  and  shipping-point, 
capital  of  Calhoun  co.,  Fla.,  on  the  Appalachicola  River, 
30  miles  below  Chattahoochee.     It  has  2  churches, 

Blonnts'ville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Blount  co., 
Ala.,  about  50  miles  S.  of  Huntsville,  and  16  miles  from 
Blount  Springs,  It  has  a  court-house  and  2  churches. 
Pop.  about  300. 

Blountsville,  or  Bluntsville,a  post-village  of  Henry 
CO.,  Ind.,  in  Stoney  Creek  township,  about  27  miles  N.W.  of 
Richmond.  It  has  2  churches  and  3  or  4  stores.  Pop.  300. 
Blonnt'ville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Sullivan  co., 
Tenn.,  about  100  miles  E.N.E.  of  Knoxville,  and  9  miles 
S.W.  of  Bristol.  It  has  a  court-house,  an  academy,  and  3 
churches. 

Blow'ing  Rock,  a  post-village  of  Watauga  co.,  N.C., 
8  miles  S.  of  Boone.  It  has  several  church  organizations, 
and  saw-,  shingle-,  and  grist-mills.  Pop.  602. 
BlUcher,  a  town  of  Prussia.  See  BUderich. 
Bludenz,  bloo'dSnts,  a  town  of  Austria,  on  the  Hie,  12 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Feldkirch,  It  has  a  castle,  and  alum- 
works.     Pop.  2466. 

Bludowitz,  bloo'do-^its,  a  town  of  Austrian  Silesia,  10 
miles  W.  of  Leschen,  consisting  of  3  contiguous  villages, — 
Obkr,  o'b?r,  MiTTEL,  mit't^l,  and  Niedeu,  nee'd^r,  Blu- 
dowitz.    Pop.,  respectively,  910,  703,  and  2650. 

Blue,  a  township  of  Jackson  co..  Mo,  Pop.  3603,  ex- 
elusive  of  the  city  of  Independence. 


Bine  Ball,  a  post-office  of  Scott  oo..  Ark. 
Blue  Ball,  a  hamlet  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  about  10 
miles  K.  of  Trenton.     See  Ti'rkky. 

Blue  Ball,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  0. 
Blue  Hall,  a  station  in  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Tyrone 
A  Clearfield  Railroad,  20  miles  S.K.  of  Clearfield.     Eleva- 
tion, 1513  feet.     Much  fire-clay  is  shipped  hence. 

Blue  Ball,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  20 
miles  E.N.E.  of  liancnster. 

Blue  Bayou,  bi'oo,  of  Louisiana,  flows  S.E.,  on  the 
boundary  between  Terro  Bonne  and  La  Fourche  parisho-i, 
and  enters  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  traverses  a  flat,  swauiiiy 
district,  in  which  there  is  but  little  arable  land. 

Blue  Bell,  a  post-office  of  Guernsey  co.,  0..  on  the 
Ea.«tern  Ohio  Railroad,  50  miles  N.  of  Marietta. 

Blue  Bell,  a  post-hamlct  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  in 
Whitpain  township,  2  miles  from  Penllyn  Station,  which  is 
17  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.     It  has  2  churches. 

Blue  Caiion,  kSn'yon,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of 
Placer  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  78  miles 
N.E.  of  Sacramento.     It  has  1  or  2  lumber-mills. 
Blue  Creek,  a  post-office  of  White  oo.,  Ga. 
Blue  Creek,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  2S0. 
Blue  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind. 
Blue  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co.,  0.,  9  miles 
N.  of  Rome, 
Blue  Creek,  a  township  of  Paulding  c».,  0.    Pop.  Ifi.?. 
Blue  Creek,  a  station  m  Box  Elder  co.,  Utah,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  44  miles  N.W.  of  Ogden,  and  on 
Blue  Creek,  which  flows  into  the  Great  Salt  Lake. 

Blue  Cut,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jones  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Iowa  Midland  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Anamosa.  It  has 
2  warehouses  for  grain. 
Blue  Eagle,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co..  Mo. 
Blue  £arth,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Minnesota,  has 
an  area  of  about  750  square  miles.  It  is  partly  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  Minnesota  River,  is  intersected  by  Blue  Eiirth 
River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Cobb  and  Watonwan  Rivers. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  by  prairies, 
forests,  and  small  lakes.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat, 
oats,  Indian  corn,  hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple  produota. 
It  has  plenty  of  timber,  among  which  are  the  ash,  whiio 
oak,  sugar-maple,  and  elm.  Limestone  is  abundant  in  this 
county,  and  several  railroads  centre  at  Mankato,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  17,302;  in  1880,  22,889;  in  1890,  29,210. 

Blue  Earth  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Faribault 
CO.,  Minn.,  on  Blue  Earth  River,  about  40  miles  S.  of  Man- 
kato. It  is  in  a  township  of  the  same  name.  It  has  a 
court-house,  a  graded  school,  a  bank,  7  churches,  2  grist- 
mills, and  manufactures  of  cigars,  sash  and  doors,  <tc. '  Two 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop.  in  1890, 1569. 
Blue  Earth  (or  Mankato)  River,  Minnesota,  rises 
near  the  S.  boundary  of  the  state.  It  runs  northward, 
drains  Faribault  co.,  intersects  Blue  Earth  co.,  and  enters 
the  Minnesota  River  2  miles  above  Mankato. 

Blue'field,a  post-town  of  Mercer  co.jW.Va.,  106  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Roanoke,  Va.,  and  15  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Princeton.  It  has  4  churches,  extensive  iron-  and  brick- 
works, and  numerous  stores.     Pop.  1775. 

Blue'fields,  or  Blew'fields,  a  river  and  town  of 
the  Mosquito  Territory,  Nicaragua,  the  river  entering  an 
inlet  of  the  Caribbean  Sea,  in  lat.  12°  N.,  Ion.  83°  W.,  after 
an  eastward  course  of  several  hundred  miles,  for  the  last  80 
miles  of  which  it  is  navigable.  At  its  mouth  is  the  town, 
on  a  commanding  height,  with  a  good  harbor.  Pop.  500. 
Blue  (irass,  a  post-village  of  Vermilion  co.,  III.,  about 
3  miles  from  Potomac  Railroad  Station,  and  21  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Danville. 

Blue  Grass,  a  post-office  of  Fulton  co.,  Ind. 
Blue  Grass,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co.,  Iowa,  in  Buf- 
falo and  Blue  Grass  townships,  about  10  miles  AV^.  of  Dav- 
enport.    It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  and  several  factories. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1389. 
Blue  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.,  Kansas. 
Blue  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co..  Me.,  is  in 
Blue  Hill  township,  on  an  inlet  of  the  sea  called  Blue  Hill 
Bay,  15  miles  from  Bucksport,  and  about  34  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Bangor.     It  has  2  churches,  the  Blue  Hill  Academy,  manu- 
factures of  lumber,  and  3  granite-quarries.    Fluor-spar  and 
apatite  are  found  here.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1707. 

Blue  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  in  Mil- 
ton township,  2  miles  from  Mattapan  Railroad  Station. 

Blue  Hill,  a  post- village  of  Vvebster  co.,  Neb.,  19  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Hastings.  It  has  5  church  organizations,  3 
banks,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  796. 

Blue  Hill  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co.,  Me., 
on  an  inkt  of  the  sea,  in  Blue  Hill  township,  17i  miles 


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6.S.E.  of  Bucksport,  has  a  copper-mine,  and  manufactures 
of  fish-barrels,  and  of  fish  oil  from  porgies  taken  in  the 
vicinity. 

Blue  House,  a  hamlet  of  Colleton  co.,  S.C.,  3  miles  N. 
of  Whitehall  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  turpentine-distil- 
lery and  a  church. 

Blue  Island,  a  post-village  of  Cook  co..  111.,  in  Cal- 
umet and  Worth  townships,  on  Calumet  River,  and  on  the 
Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of 
Chicago,  also  on  the  Dummy  Railroad,  and  on  the  Chicago, 
Danville  <fe  Vincennes  Railroad,  20  miles  from  the  initial 
station  at  Chicago.  It  has  6  churches,  a  state  bank,  a  high 
school,  copper  ore  smeltingrworks,  extensive  brick-yards, 
and  a  newspaper  ofiice.     Pop.  about  3000. 

Bine  Jack'et,  a  station  in  the  Cherokee  Nation,  In- 
dinn  Territory,  12  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Vinita  Junction. 

Blue  Knob,  a  post-hamlet  of  Blair  co.,  Pa.,  5  miles 
S.W.  of  Newry. 

Blue  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal.,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Eureka.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  manuftictures  of  red  wood  and  pine  lumber, 
shingles,  and  shakes.     Pop.  600. 

Blue  Lick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarke  co.,  Ind.,  in  Union 
township,  2  miles  from  Memphis.     It  has  2  churches. 

Blue  Lick  Springs,  a  post-village  and  watering- 
place  of  Nicholas  co.,  Ky.,  is  on  the  Licking  River,  about 
48  miles  N.E.  of  Lexington.  Here  are  mineral  springs, 
the  water  of  which  is  exported.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bine  Mound,  a  post-village  of  Linn  co.,  Kansas,  on 
2  railroads,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Fort  Scott,  and  43  miles  W. 
by  S.  of  Butler,  Mo.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  a 
creamery,  2  banks,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  689. 

Blue  Mound,  township,  McLean  co.,  111.     Pop.  1219. 

Bine  Mound,  a  post-village  of  Macon  co.,  III.,  15  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Decatur.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  graded  schools,  and  manufactures  of  tile  and 
brick,  bee-hives,  <fec.     Pop.  about  900. 

Blue  Mound,  township,  Livingston  co..  Mo.  Pop.  1048. 

Blue  Mound,  a  posthamlet  of  Dane  co..  Wis.,  about 
24  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Madison.     Pop.  1449. 

Blue  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Tippah  co.,  Miss. 

Blue  Mountain,  Pennsylvania.     See  Kittatinky. 

Blue  Mountains,  a  long  range  in  the  N.E.  part  of 
Oregon.  The  noi-thern  extremity  of  this  range  is  near  lat. 
46°  N.,  from  which  it  extends  southwestward  through  Uma- 
tilla CO.  Forests  of  pine  and  fir  grow  on  these  mountains, 
which  are  composed  chiefly  of  granitic  rocks. 

Blue  Mountains,  a  range  in  the  eastern  portion  of 
Jamaica.  The  principal  ridge  extends  from  E.  to  W.,  and 
varies  in  height  from  5000  to  above  6000  feet. 

Blue  Mountains,  a  range  in  Eastern  Australia,  New 
South  Wales.     Lat.  33°-34°  S.;  Ion.  150°-151°  E. 

Blue  Point,  a  post-office  of  Effingham  co..  111.,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Paducah  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Altamont. 

Blue  Point,  a  station  on  the  Boston  &  Maine  Rail- 
road, 9  miles  S.W.  of  Portland,  Me.,  and  on  Saco  Bay. 

Blue  Point,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Great  South  Bay,  in  Brookhaven  township,  on  the  Long 
Island  Railroad,  1  mile  AV.  of  Patchogue.  It  has  2  churches. 
Good  oysters  abound  here.     Pop.  321. 

Blue  Rapids,  a  post-town  of  Marshall  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Big  Blue  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Little  Blue  River, 
95  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Atchison,  and  about  36  miles  N.  of 
Manhattan.  It  is  in  Blue  Rapids  City  township.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  graded  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  banks,  2 
large  flour-mills,  2  gypsum-mills,  and  a  woolen-mill,  for 
which  the  river  affords  water-power.  Pop.  905 ;  of  the 
township,  1477. 

Blue  Ridge,  a  long  mountain-ridge  of  Virginia  and 
North  Carolina,  is  the  southeastornmost  ridge  of  the  Alle- 
ghanies  or  Appalachian  Mountains.  Its  direction  is  nearly 
N.E.  and  S.AV.  The  ridge,  which  in  Maryland  and  Penn- 
sylvania is  called  South  Mountain,  is  a  continuation  of  the 
Blue  Ridge,  which  extends  southwestward  through  Georgia 
to  Alabama.  Among  the  highest  points  of  this  ridge  in 
Virginia  are  the  Peaks  of  Otter,  4200  feet  above  the  sea- 
level.  Silurian  limestone  and  sandstone  are  abundant  in 
this  ridge.  Forests  of  the  ash,  hickory,  chestnut,  oak, 
maple,  and  other  trees  cover  a  large  portion  of  it. 

Blue  Ridge,  a  post-town  and  summer  resort  of  Fan- 
nin CO.,  Ga.,  on  the  summit  of  the  Blue  Ridge  Mountains, 
2000  feet  above  the  sea,  and  by  rail  83  miles  N.  of  Mari- 
etta, Ga.,  and  122  miles  S.  of  Knoxville,  Tenn.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.    Pop.  500. 

Blue  Ridge,  a  township  of  Piatt  co.,  111.  Pop.  1120. 
It  contains  Mansfield. 

Blue   Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind,,  in 


Liberty  township,  6  or  7  miles  E.  of  Shelbyvillc.  It  has  a 
church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Blue  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co..  Mo.,  about 
60  miles  E.N.E.  of  St.  Joseph.     It  has  a  church. 

Blue  Ridge,  a  post-township  of  Henderson  co.,  N.C., 
near  the  mountain  of  the  same  name.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  1354. 

Blue  Ridge,  a  post-village  of  Collin  co.,  Tex.,  15  miles 
N.E.  of  McKinney.  It  has  a  church,  and  several  stores 
and  other  business  concerns.     Pop.  100. 

Blue  Ridge  Furnace,  a  station  in  Frederick  co., 
Md.,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  and  on  the  Potomac 
River,  4  miles  below  Harper's  Ferry. 

Blue  Ridge  Springs  (station  name,  Blue  Ridge),  a 
post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Botetourt  co.,  Va.,  in  an 
iron-mining  district,  11  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Roanoke.  It 
has  3  churches.     Pop.  600. 

Blue  Ridge  Summit,  a  post-village  and  summer 
resort  of  Franklin  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Western  Maryland  Rail- 
road, 17  miles  E.N.E.  of  Hagerstown,  Md.,  on  the  Blue 
Ridge,  at  Mason  and  Dixon's  Line.     It  has  4  large  hotels. 

Blue  River,  Colorado,  rises  near  Quandary  Peak  and 
Mount  Lincoln,  runs  in  a  N.N.AV.  direction,  and  enters  the 
Grand  River  near  the  W.  border  of  the  Middle  Park. 
Length,  59  miles. 

Blue  (or  Big  Blue)  River,  Indiana,  rises  in  Henry 
CO.,  runs  southwestward,  and  drains  parts  of  Rush  and  Shelby 
COS.  About  1  mile  below  Edinburg  it  unites  with  Sugar 
Creek  to  form  the  East  Fork  of  White  River. 

Blue  River,  of  Southern  Indiana,  rises  in  Washington 
CO.,  runs  southwestward,  drains  part  of  Harrison  co.,  and 
enters  the  Ohio  River  about  1  mile  above  Leavenworth.  It 
is  nearly  90  miles  long. 

Blue  River,  Nebraska.    See  Big  Blue  River. 

Blue  River,  of  Grant  co.,  Wis.,  runs  northward,  and 
enters  the  Wisconsin  River  at  Blue  River  Railroad  Station. 

Blue  River,  a  township  of  Hancock  co.,  Ind.    P.  1125. 

Blue  River,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
1198.     It  contains  Hancock. 

Blue  River,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  862- 

Blue  River,  township,  Johnson  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  2573. 

Blue  River,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Ind. 

Blue  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co.,  Wis.,  in 
Waterstown  township,  on  the  AVisconsin  River,  at  the  mouth 
of  Blue  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  63  miles  W.  of  Madison.     Pop.  40. 

Blue  River,  a  township  of  Grant  co.,  AV'is.     Pop.  826. 

Blue  River  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  in  lat.  39° 
46'  9"  N.,  Ion.  106°  20'  AV.  Its  altitude  is  about  13,000 
feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Blue  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Muskingum  co.,  C.  in 
Blue  Rock  township,  11  miles  S.S.E.  of  Zanesville.  The 
township  is  bounded  on  the  AV.  by  the  Muskingum  River, 
and  has  5  churches,  and  a  pop.  of  1093. 

Blue  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  is  at 
Springfield  Railroad  Station,  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Reading. 

Blue  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gordon  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Selma,  Rome  <fe  Dalton  Railroad,  25  miles  N.  of  Rome. 

Blue  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  AV.  Va. 

Blue  Spring  Run,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co.,  Va. 

Blue  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co..  Mo.,  21 
miles  E.  of  Kansas  City.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a 
canning-factory,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  500. 

Blue  Springs,  a  city  of  Gage  co.,  Neb.,  on  the  Big 
Blue  River,  10  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Beatrice.  It  has 
4  churches,  2  banks,  a  flouring-mill,  a  planing-mill,  2  grain- 
elevators,  etc.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.     Pop.  1200. 

Blue  Springs,  Tennessee.     See  Erie. 

Blue  Spring  Station,  a  post-office  of  Bradley  co., 
Tenn.,  10  miles  S.  of  Cleveland. 

Blue-Stack  Mountain,  Ireland,  Ulster,  co.  of  Done- 
gal, near  Glenties,  has  an  elevation  of  2213  feet. 

Blue  Stem,  a  post-office  of  Russell  co.,  Kansas. 

B I  ue'stone,  a  small  river  in  the  S.  part  of  AA^'est  A'irginia, 
flows  northeastward  through  Mercer  co.,  and  falls  into  the 
New  River,  5  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  Greenbrier. 

Blue  Stone,  a  post-office  of  Tazewell  co.,  Va. 

Blue  Stores,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  5 
miles  from  Livingston  Railroad  Station. 

Blue  Sul'phur  Springs,  a  post-office  and  summer 
resort  of  Greenbrier  co.,  AV.  A'a.,  9  miles  from  Alderson 
Railroad  Station.     It  has  mineral  springs. 

Blue'vale,  a  post-village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Maitland  River,  16  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Lucknow.  It  con- 
tains several  stores  and  hotels,  3  churches,  and  saw-,  grist-- 
carding-,  and  shingle-mills.     Pop.  300, 


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Blae  ValMeyt  a  post-hamlet  of  York  oo..  Neb.,  about 
45  miles  W.  of  Lincolo. 

Blue  Wing,  a  post-hnmlot  of  Granville  oo.,  N.C.,  35 
miles  v..  hy  S.  of  Diinvillc,  Va. 

Bluffy  a  post-village,  capitnl  of  San  Juan  on.,  Utnh,  on 
the  San  Juan  Kivor,  about  19U  miles  E.S.E.  of  lieaver. 
Pop.  2()(). 

illult',  a  post-oflSce  of  Fayette  oo.,  Te.T. 

Bluff  Centre,  n  post-ofiice  of  Cluy  oo.,  S.D. 

Bluff  City,  a  post-office  of  Nevada  oo.,  Ark. 

Bluff  City,  a  post-office  of  Schuyler  co.,  III.,  on  the 
Illinois  River. 

Bluff  City,  a  post-village  of  Harper  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Anthony  Drunoh  of  the  St.  Louis  &  San  Frnnuisco 
Railway,  11  miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Anthony.  It  has  3 
oburchcs,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  301). 

Bluff  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henderson  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Ohio  River,  12  miles  from  Henderson. 

Bluff  City,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn.,  11 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Bristol.     It  has  3  churches. 

Bluff  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  co.,  Ind.,  on 
White  River,  about  15  miles  S.  by  W.  of  ImlianapoUs.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Bluff  Dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oreene  eo..  III.,  in  Bluff 
Dale  township,  about  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Alton.  It  has  3 
ohurches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1440. 

Bluff  Dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erath  co.,  Tex.,  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Stephnnsville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bluff  Hall,  a  station  in  Adams  co..  III.,  on  the  Quincy, 
Alton  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Quinoy. 

Bluff  Harbor,  a  seaport  of  the  province  of  Otago, 
New  Zealand,  on  Foveaux  Strait,  20  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of 
Invorcargill.     It  ships  many  railway  ties  and  much  produce. 

Bluff  Point,  a  post-oSicc  of  Jay  co.,  Ind. 

Bluff  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yates  co.,  N.Y'.,  on 
Keuka  Lake,  4i  miles  S.W.  of  Penn  I'an.  It  has  a  church. 
Many  grapes  are  produced  here. 

Biuff  Point,  a  post-office  of  Hickman  co.,  Tenn. 

BlutTport  (South  Pultney  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of 
Steuben  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  Keuka  Lake,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bath. 
It  has  a  church,  a  carriage-shop,  and  a  grape-box  factory. 

Bluffs,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co.,  III.,  on  the  Wabash 
Railroivd,  at  its  junction  with  the  Hannibal  &  Naples  Rail- 
road, 17  miles  W.  of  Jacksonville,  and  4  miles  E.  of  Naples. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Bluff'  Siding,  a  station  on  the  Green  Bay  <t  Minnesota 
and  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroads,  2  miles  from  Wi- 
nom.  Minn. 

Bluffs  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.C.,  7 
miles  from  Fayettcville.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  cotton- 
factory.  ' 

Bluff  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  Ala.,  16  miles 
N.E.  of  Goodwater  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a 
carding-machine,  and  a  church. 

Bluff  Spriugs,  a  post-borough  of  Escambia  co..  Fla., 
on  the  Escambia  River,  38  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Pensacola. 
It  has  2  churches  and  extensive  manufactures  of  brick, 
turpentine,  yellow  pine  lumber,  and  cypress  shingles. 
Pop.  600. 

Bluff  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co..  III.,  5  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Beatdstown.  It  hiis  a  church  and  a  flour- 
mill. 

Bluff'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yell  co..  Ark.,  on  the 
Fourche  La  Fave  River,  40  miles  S.W.  of  Dardanelle.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Bluffton,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co.,  Ga.,  12  miles  S.E. 
of  Fort  Gaines.  It  has  2  churches,  2  cotton-gins,  2  lumber- 
mills,  and  an  academy. 

Bluffton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wells  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  S.  bank  of  the  Wabash  River,  and  on  the  Fort  Wayne, 
Muncie  A  Cincinnati  Railroad,  24  miles  S.  of  Fort  Wayne. 
and  41  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Muncie.  It  has  7  churches,  2 
banks,  a  union  school,  3  newspaper  offices,  6  saw-mills,  2 
planing-mills,  a  woolen-mill,  and  3  carriage-shops.  Po]). 
in  1880,  2354;  in  1890,  3589. 

Bluffton,  a  post-village  of  Winneshiek  co.,  Iowa,  on 
theUpper  Iowa  River,  in  Bluffton  township,  12  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Decorah.  It  has  a  graded  school.  The  river  is  bordered 
by  limestone  bluffs.     Pop.  of  the  township,  870. 

Bluffton,  a  post-village  of  Muskegon  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Lakeside  township,  on  Lake  Michigan,  5  miles  from  Mus- 
kegon City.     It  has  3  large  lumber-mills.     Pop.  about  200. 

Bluffton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  2  miles  from  Morrison  Station  of  the  Mis- 
souri Pacific  Railroad. 

Bluffton,  a  post-village  of  Allen  co.,  0.,  in  Richland 
township,  on  the  Lake  Erie  &  Louisville  Railroad,  10  miles 


N.E.  of  Limn,  and  52  miles  W.S.W.  of  Fremont.  It  hot 
6  churches,  2  banks,  a  public  school,  saw-  and  planing. 
milli«.  Ac,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  1291). 

Bluffton,  a  post-villnge  of  Beaufort  oo.,  S.C.,  near  the 
sea-coast,  about  22  miles  N.E.  of  Savannah.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  of  township,  2017. 

Bluffton,  a  post-village  of  Llano  co.,  Tex.,  is  on  the 
Colorado  River,  45  miles  from  Round  Rock  Railroad  Sta- 
tion.    It  has  several  church  organizations. 

Blum,  a  post-village  of  Hill  co.,  Tex.,  42  miles  by  r»il 
S.  of  Fort  Worth.   It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac. 

Blumcnstein,  bloo'm^n-stine',  a  village  of  Switzei 
land,  canton  of  Bern,  at  the  foot  of  the  Stockhorn,  5  uilea 
W.  of  Thun,  with  mineral  springs.     Pop.  933. 

Blumenthal,  bloo'm?n  tdr,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in 
Hanover,  1 1  miles  N.W.  of  Bremen,  near  the  Weser,  with 
a  small  port.  Pop.  371.  Blumenthal  is  also  the  name  of 
other  villages  in  Germany. 

Blum'tield,  a  post-village  of  Saginaw  co.,  Mich., 
about  10  miles  E.  of  East  Saginaw.     Pop.  250. 

Blunt,  a  post-town  of  Hughes  co.,  S.D.,  about  35  milei 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Pierre.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banksi,  a 
creamery,  a  broom-factory,  a  plough-factory,  2  fluur-mills, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  353. 

Blunt,  Kane  co.,  III.    See  Bia  Rock. 

BIyham,  or  Blijham,  bli'h&m,  a  village  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, in  Groningen,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Winschoten.    P.  810. 

Biyth,  or  BIythe,  blirii,  a  seaport  town  of  England,  oo. 
of  Northumberland,  on  the  BIyth  River,  at  its  mouth,  11 
miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Newcastle.  It  has  a  light-house, 
a  dry  dock,  a  custom-house,  Ac.     Pop.  2918. 

Biyth,  or  BIythe,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Suffolk, 
entor.-i  the  North  Sea  near  Southwold. 

BIyth,  or  BIythe,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  North- 
umberland, flows  into  the  North  Sea  at  BIyth. 

BIyth,  bliTH,  a  post-village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  10} 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Clinton. 

BIythe,  blirn,  a  township  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
1924,  exclusive  of  Middlcport  and  New  Philadelphia. 

Biythc'dale,  a  mining  post-town  of  Alleghany  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Youghiogheny  River,  28  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of 
Pittsburg.  It  has  2  churches.  Here  are  the  coal-mines 
and  coke-works  of  Carnegie  Bros.  A  Co.  and  W.  L.  Scott 
A  Co.     Pop.  500. 

BIythewood,  bliTH'wood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfield 
CO.,  S.C,  1 7  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Columbia.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  female  college,  and  a  distillery  of  turpentine. 

BIy'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co..  Neb.,  10  milei 
S.W.  of  Yankton,  S.D. 

Bo,  or  Po,  a  group  of  seven  islands  in  the  Malay  Arch- 
ipelago, E.S.E.  of  Gilolo.     Lat.  1°  17'  S.;  Ion.  129°  IS'  E. 

Boa  Bahia,  a  city  of  India.     Sec  Bombay. 

Boad,  or  Bod,  bod,  a  tributary  state  of  Orissa,  India, 
bounded  N.  by  the  Mahanuddy,  and  surrounded  in  great 
part  by  native  states  in  Madras  and  the  Central  Provinces. 
Area,  2064  square  miles,  including  the  Khond  Mais,  a  tract 
under  British  authority, — Boad  proper  being  under  a  native 
rajah.  Pop.  of  the  Khond  Mais,  51,810;  of  Boad  proper, 
57,058.     Capital,  Boad,  a  small  town  on  the  Mahanuddy. 

Boadilla  de  Rioseco,  bo-S,-Tneeryi  di  re-o-si'ko,  a 
town  of  Spain,  26  miles  N.N.W.  of  Palcncia.     Pop.  1180. 

Bo'a  Island,  in  Ireland,  co.  of  Fermanagh,  is  the 
largest  island  in  Lough  Erne.     Acres,  1400. 

Boali,  bo-i'lce,  Bovali,  bo-v4'lee,  Bouali,  boo-i'le, 
or  lioango,  lo-ang'go,  a  town  of  Africa,  capital  of  Loango, 
on  the  river  Boali,  near  the  sea.  Lat.  4°  30'  S. ;  Ion.  12°  1' 
E.  It  is  a  sickly  place,  but  exports  dye-woods,  ivory,  and 
the  other  products  of  Guinea.     Pop.  about  15,000. 

Boalsburg,bolz'biirg,  a  post-village  of  Centre  co..  Pa., 
in  Harris  township,  and  in  Penn  Valley,  about  40  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Altoona,  and  12  miles  S.  of  Bellefonte.  It  con- 
tains 4  churches.     Pop.  371. 

Board  Camp,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co..  Ark.,  74 
miles  W.  of  Hot  Sj -rings.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy, 
and  a  grist-mill. 

Board  Land'ing,  a  post  office  of  Horry  co.,  S.C. 

Boardman,  bord'man,  a  township  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  1709,  exclusive  of  El  Kader, 

Boardman,  township,  Kalkaska  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  127. 

Boardman,  a  post-township,  Mahoning  co.,  0.,  5  miles 
S.  of  Y^oungstown.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  817. 

Boardman,  a  post-village  of  St.  Croix  co.,  Wis.,  in 
Richmond  township,  on  Willow  River,  and  on  the  North 
Wisconsin  Railroad,  11  or  12  miles  N.E.  of  Hudson.  It 
has  2  flouring-mills,  a  saw-mill,  and  2  stores. 

Board  Tree,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  39  miles  S.E.  of  Wheeling. 


BOA 


669 


BOD 


Board ville,  a  village  of  New  Jersey.    See  Erskine. 

Boat'land,  a  post-office  of  Fentress  co.,  Tenn. 

lloavista,  bo-a-vees'ti,  or  Bonavis'ta  (i.e.,  "fine 
view"),  an  island  of  Africa,  the  easternmost  of  the  Cape 
Vcrd  Islands.  Lat.  of  N.W.  point,  16°  13'  18"  N. ;  Irn.  22° 
56'  2-1:"  W.  It  is  of  a  pentagonal  form,  20  miles  in  length. 
The  surface  is  flat,  with  two  basaltic  peaks  in  the  centre. 
The  island  is  very  dry,  and  cultivation  is  neglected,  the 
population  being  chiefly  occupied  in  the  collection  and 
■  export  of  archil  and  salt.  It  has  a  railway,  and  3  ports 
for  large  vessels.  Chief  towns,  Rabil  (the  capital)  and 
Porto  Sal  Rey.     Pop.  2534. 

Bo'az^a  post-hamlet  of  Graves  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Paducah 
A  Memphis  Railroad,  14  miles  S.  of  Paducah,  on  or  near 
Mayfield  Creek.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

BoAZ)  a  post-hamlet  of  Richland  co..  Wis.,  in  Dayton 
township,  9  miles  AV.  of  Richland  Centre.  It  has  a  church, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Bob,  a  hamlet  of  Saline  co.,  Ark.,  7  miles  from  Benton 
llailroiid  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Bobbio,  bob'be-o,  a  town  uf  Italy,  on  the  Trebbia,  24 
miles  S.W.  of  Piacenza.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a, 
once  famous  library.     Pop.  4632. 

Bobcaygeon,  bob-ka'jun,  a  village  in  Victoria  co., 
Ontario,  between  Sturgeon  and  Pigeon  Lakes,  18  miles  N. 
of  Lindsay.  A  canal  passes  through  the  village,  connecting 
the  above  lakes  and  giving  important  water  communica- 
tion. Boboiiygeon  is  a  great  lumber  depot.  It  contains 
saw-  and  planing-mills,  and  a  printing-oflSce  issuing  a 
weekly  newspaper.  Steamers  run  regularly  between  here 
and  Lindsay  and  other  important  towns.     Pop.  1000. 

Bob  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Chippewa  co.,  AVis. 

Bo'ber,  a  river  of  Prussian  Silesia,  rises  on  the  Bohe- 
mian frontier,  flows  N.N.W.,  and  joins  the  Oder  at  Crossen. 
Length,  115  miles.    Chief  affluent,  the  Queiss,  on  the  left. 

Bober,  a  river  of  Poland.    See  Bosn. 

Boberka,  bo'ber-ki*,  or  Bobrka,  a  town  of  Austrian 
Poland,  Galicia,  21  miles  S.E.  of  Leniberg.     Pop.  2750. 

Bobcrsbcrg,  bo'bers-bfino'',  a  town  of  Prussia,  Bran- 
denburg, 17  miles  S.  of  Crossen,  on  the  Bober.     Pop.  1546. 

Bobia,  bo'be-a,  or  Pi'rate  Isle,  a  populous  island  of 
Africa,  in  the  Bay  of  Amboises,  coast  of  Guinea.  It  was 
once  a  large  island,  but  is  continually  decreasing  by  the 
action  of  the  waves. 

Bo^bil'ee,  or  Bobil'ly,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presidency  of  Madras,  36  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Chicacole. 

Bobingen,  bo'bing-^n,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  36  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Munich.     Pop.  1703. 

Boblingen,  biib'ling-en,  a  town  of  Wiirtembcrg,  11 
miles  S.W.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  3826. 

Bobr,  bo'b'r,  a  navigable  river  of  Poland,  tributary  to 
the  Narew,     Its  length  is  about  60  miles. 

Bobrinetz,  or  Bobrinez,  bo*bree-n5tz',  a  town  of 
Russia,  100  miles  N.  of  Kherson.     Pop.  6553. 

Bobrka,  a  town  of  Austrian  Poland.    See  Boberka. 

Bobrov',  or  Bo^broff',  a  town  of  Russia,  60  miles 
S.E.  of  Voronezh,  on  the  Bitioog.     Pop.  3134. 

Bobrowi,  an  island  of  Alaska.  See  Pribylov  Islands. 

Bobruisk,  bo-broo-isk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  88  miles  S.E.  of  Minsk,  on  the  Beresina.     P.  54,928. 

Bob'town,  a  hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Pa.,  in  Dunkard 
township,  18  miles  S.AV.  of  Uniontown. 

Bobtown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  W.  Va.,  2i 
miles  from  Benton's  Ferry. 

Bo'ca,  a  post-village  of  Nevada  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Truckee 
River,  and  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  27  miles  S.W.  of 
Reno.  It  has  a  church,  a  brewery,  a  large  lumber-mill,  a 
graded  school,  and  an  extensive  ice  business.     Pop.  400. 

Boca,  bo'kS,  {i.e.,  "mouth,  inlet,  or  entrance"),  a  term 
applied  to  numerous  straits  and  rivers. 

Boca  Chica,  bo'ki  chee'ki  (i.e.,  "little  mouth  or  en- 
trance"), a  deep  but  narrow  entrance  to  the  port  of  Carta- 
gena, Colombia,  28  miles  S.W.  of  the  town. 

Boca  del  Dragon,  bo'kS,  dfil  dri-gon'  (i.e.,  "dragon's 
mouth"),  a  passage,  in  Colombia,  state  of  Panama,  leading 
from  Lake  Chiriqui  into  the  Caribbean  Sea. 

Boca  del  Toro.    See  Bocas  del  Toro. 

Boca  de  Maypu,  bo'kS,  dk  mi-poo',  a  port  of  Chili, 
province  of  Santiago,  on  the  sea,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Maypu.  It  is  connected  by  a  railway  with  San  Antonio,  3 
miles  distant. 

Boca  de  Navios,  bo'kl  di  ni've-oco  (I'.e.,  "entrance 
for  ships"),  the  southern  and  largest  mouth  of  the  Orinoco 
River,  South  America. 

Bocage,  or  Le  Bocage,  leh  bo'kizh',  an  old  district 
of  France,  in  Normandy,  of  which  Vire  was  the  capital. 
It  is  now  included  in  the  department  of  Calvados. 


Bocage,  part  of  the  department  of  La  Vendde,  France, 
go  called  on  account  of  the  great  quantity  of  wood  with 
which  it  is  covered. 

Boca  Grande.     See  Charlotte  Harbor,  Fla, 

Bocaina,  bo-ki'ni,  a  mountain-range  of  Brazil,  state 
of  Rio  de  Janeiro.  It  is  an  ofi'set  of  the  Orgaos  or  Organ 
Mountains. 

Bocairent,bo-ki-rSnt',  or  Bocayrente,  bo-ki-r4n'- 
ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Alicante.  It  has 
manufiictures  of  cloth,  soap,  and  paper.     Pop.  4400. 

Bocas  del  Toro,  bo'kis  dSl  to'ro,  a  port  of  the  re- 
public of  Colombia,  state  of  Panama,  on  an  island  of  the 
same  name,  and  on  one  of  the  entrances  to  that  magnificent 
harbor,  the  Bay  of  Chiriqui.  The  town  is  in  lat.  9°  25'  N., 
Ion.  82°  12'  W.  It  exports  cocoanuts,  sarsaparilla,  india- 
rubber,  and  turtle-shell.     Pop.  3000. 

Boca  (or  Bocca)  Tigris,  bok'ki  tee'gris,  or  The 
Bogne,  the  entrance  to  the  Canton  River,  China,  about 
lat.  22°  45'  N.,  Ion.  113°  35'  E.  All  the  estuary  of  the 
river  southward  of  this  is  called  the  "  Outer  Waters."  The 
Bogue  has  on  its  E.  side  the  islands  An-Ung-Hoy  and 
Chuen-Pee,  on  its  W.  Tycocktow  Island,  and  in  its  centre  the 
rocky  islets  North  and  South  Wantung, — all  fortified. 

Bocca  di  Cattaro.    See  Gulf  of  Cattaro. 

Bocchetta  (bok-kSt'tSi)  Mountain,  one  of  the  West 
Apennines,  traversed  by  the  road  from  Genoa  to  Novi.  The 
summit  of  the  pass  is  2556  feet  high. 

Bocchigliero,  bok-keel-y4'ro,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Cosenza,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rossano.     Pop.  3179. 

Bochnia,  boK'ne-i,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Galicia,  25 
miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Cracow.  It  has  several  churches,  a 
gymnasium,  and  mines  of  rock  salt.     Pop.  8040. 

Bochold,  or  Bocholt,  both  pronounced  boK'61t,  a 
town  of  Prussia,  Westphalia,  44  miles  W.  of  Miinster,  on 
the  Aa.  It  has  a  castle,  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  wool- 
len, and  silk  fabrics,  hosiery,  and  brandy.  There  are  ex- 
tensive iron-works  in  its  vicinity.     Pop.  6125. 

Bochnm,  boK'oom,  a  town  of  Prussia,  Westphalia,  36 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Dusseldorf.  It  has  coal-mines,  and 
manufactures  of  woollen  cloths,  cassimeres,  hardwares,  steel, 
coke,  carpets,  etc.     Pop.  28,368. 

Bockau,  bok'kow,  a  town  of  Saxony,  4  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Schwarzpnberg.     Pop.  1854. 

Bockenem,  bok'k?n-Sm,  a  town  of  Hanover,  in  Prus- 
sia, 16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hildesheim.     Pop.  1862. 

Bockenheim,  bok'ken-hime\  a  town  of  Prussia,  3 
miles  by  rail  N.AV.  of  Frankfort-on-the-Main.  It  has  man- 
ufactures of  piano-fortes,  jewelry,  and  iron-ware.    Pop.  8476. 

Bockfiuss,  bok'flooss,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria,  with  a 
castle,  15  miles  N.AV.  of  Marchegg.     Pop.  1540. 

Bocognano,  bo-kftn-yi'no,  a  village  of  the  island  of 
Corsica,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Ajaccio.     Pop.  1324. 

Bocza,  bot'si,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Liptau,  11 
miles  S.E.  of  Verbicz.     Pop.  1385. 

Bod,  a  state  of  India.    See  Boad. 

Bodami  Castrum,  the  Latin  for  Bodmann. 

Bodcau  (bod'kow)  Lake,  of  Bossier  parish,  in  the  N.W. 
part  of  Louisiana.  Bodcau  Bayou  or  River  enters  the  N.E. 
extremity,  and  also  forms  the  outlet  by  which  the  water  is 
discharged  from  the  other  end  into  Red  River.  Length, 
about  20  miles ;  greatest  breadth,  3  or  4  miles. 

Bodcau  Bayou  or  River,  of  Arkansas  and  Louisiana, 
rises  in  the  S.W.  part  of  the  former  state,  and,  flowing  south- 
ward into  Louisiana,  enters  Red  River  in  Bossier  parish, 
after  passing  through  Bodcau  Lake. 

Bodega,  ho-dk'gk,  township,  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.   P.  1407. 

Bodega  Corners,  a  village  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  in 
Bodega  township,  about  54  miles  N.N.AV.  of  San  Franciscfi. 
It  has  2  churches,  3  stores,  and  manufactures  of  cheese  and 
redwood  lumber.     Here  is  Smith's  Ranch  Post-Office. 

Bodega  Roads,  a  station  in  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Northern  Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  64  miles  W.N.W.  of  San 
Francisco.  It  is  near  Bodega  Bay,  the  entrance  to  which 
from  the  sea  is  in  lat.  38°  18'  20.37"  N.,  Ion.  123°  2'  28.8" 
W.  The  bay  itself  is  of  a  very  irregular  shape.  Length, 
perhaps  10  miles;  greatest  breadth,  4  or  5  miles.  It  is  a 
good  anchorage  in  summer,  small  vessels  being  able  to  cross 
the  bar  at  high  water.  There  was  a  settlement  of  Russians 
established  at  Bodega  Roads  in  1812. 

Bodegas,  a  town  of  Ecuador.     See  Babahoyo. 

Bodegraven,  bo'deh-gr3,H-en,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, on  the  Rhine,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Leyden.     Pop.  3036. 

Bo'denham,  a  post-hamlet  of  Giles  co.,  Tenn.,  70  milea 
S.  by  AV.  from  Nashville.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  store. 

Boden-See,  Germany.    See  Lake  op  Constance. 

Bodenstadt,  bo'd§n-stitO,  a  town  of  Moravia,  19 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Olmutz.     Pop.  1487. 


BOD 


979 


BOO 


BodensleiDf  &  town  of  Austria.    See  Pottb:(stbi!(. 

Bodenwerder*  bo'd^n-^dR'dQr,  a  town  of  Pruraia,  in 
Hanovor,  on  the  Wosor,  enclosed  by  the  territory  of  iJruns- 
wick,  12  milos  S.B.  of  Hameln.     Pop.  1307. 

llodcrsweicr,  bo'dfrs-^i'or,  a  village  of  Baden,  4} 
Biles  S.S.W.  of  Biscbofsheiui.     Pop.  1103. 

Ilodie«  bo'dce,  a  post-village  of  Mono  oo.,  Cal.,  in 
Bridgeport  township,  about  100  milos  from  Carson  City, 
Mev.  It  has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  2  mills  fur 
gold  ore.     Here  are  rich  gold-mines.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Bodincomagus,  a  town  of  ancient  Italy.   See  Casale. 

Bodiiiesvillc,  bo'dinz'vll,  a  post-hanilot  of  Lycoming 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Northern  Central  Uailroad,  20  miles  N.  of 
Williamsport.    It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Bod'ley,  a  post-hnmlet  of  Lucas  co.,  0.,  on  the  Lake 
fe'hore  A  Miobigan  Southern  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of  Toledo. 

Bodmann,  bixl'm&nn  (L.  Jiudami  Cattntm),  a  village 
of  BuJen,  on  the  Lake  of  Constance,  42  miles  N.W.  of  Bre- 
gcnz,  with  ruins  of  an  ancient  castle,  the  former  residence  of 
the  lieutenants  {Bote-mann  or  Dodmanro,  i.e.,  "  messenger" 
or  "  Ugatut")  of  the  Carlovingian  kings,  whence  the  lake 
was  named  Bodman-See  or  Boden-See.     Pop.  891. 

Bod'min,  a  borough  of  England,  capital  of  Cornwall, 
14  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Wadebridge,  and  232  miles  W.S.W. 
of  London.  The  town  consists  of  a  long  street,  situated 
between  two  hills.  It  has  a  grammar-school  founded  by 
Queen  Elizabeth,  a  mayoralty  house,  a  court-house,  a  jail 
and  house  of  correction,  a  lunatic  asylum,  a  market-house, 
and  a  corn-market.  The  chief  manufacture  is  of  shoes.  It 
■ends  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Bodmin  was  at 
one  time  the  seat  of  the  Bishop  of  Cornwall;  it  is  now  one 
of  the  stannary  towns.     Pop.  4672. 

Bododriga^  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Boppard. 

Bodoe,  bo'do\h,  a  small  seaport  of  Norway,  nearly  op- 
posite the  S.  extremity  of  the  Loffoden  Islands.     Pop.  253. 

Bodrogh-Keresztur,  boMrog'-ki'rSsHoou',  a  town 
of  Hungary,  co.  of  Zemplin,  on  the  Bodrogh,  a  tributary 
of  the  Theiss,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Tokay.     Pop.  1870. 

Bodrunif  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Boodroom. 

Bod'y  Camp,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co.,  Va.,  9  miles 
from  Liberty. 

Bod'y's  Island,  a  long,  narrow,  and  low  strip  of 
sand,  separating  Albemarle  and  Roanoke  Sounds  (N.C.) 
from  the  Atlantic.  Its  S.  extremity  is  at  Oregon  Inlet,  2 
miles  N.  of  which  is  a  light-house  150  feet  high,  lat.  35° 
48'  47"  N.,  Ion.  75°  33'  20"  W.,  the  tallest  structure  of  the 
kind  in  the  United  States. 

Boeger's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Osage  co..  Mo. 

Boen,  bw5.v»,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Loire,  9 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Montbrison.     Pop.  1895. 

Boeo  Cape,  Sicily.     See  Cape  Boeo. 

Bccotia,  be-o'she-a,  or  Viotia  (modern  Gr.  pron.  ve-o- 
tce'i;  Gr.  BoKoria,  BoiOtia),  a  district,  anciently  a  republic, 
of  Greece,  bounded  E.  by  the  Euboean  Channel,  and  S.  by 
Attica,  with  which  it  forms  a  nome  in  the  kingdom  of 
Greece.  (See  Attica.)  Surface  well  watered  and  fertile. 
Mount  Helicon  is  on  its  S.E.  border. 

Boerue,  ber'nee,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Kendall  co., 
Tex.,  on  the  Rio  Cibolo,  and  on  the  San  Antonio  A  Aran- 
sas Puss  Rnilroad,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Siin  Antonio.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  800. 
Boerne  was  founded  in  1851  by  Germans.  It  has  a  genial 
climate,  and  is  a  resort  for  invalids. 

Boeroe,  an  island,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Booro. 

Boerum,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Burum. 

Bocuf,  bSf  (Fr.  pron.  buf),  a  station  in  As.sumption 
parish.  La.,  on  Morgan's  Louisiana  &  Texas  Railroad,  7 
miles  E.  of  Brashear. 

Bceuf,  a  township  of  Franklin  co..  Mo.     Pop.  3910. 

Bocuf,  a  township  of  Gasconade  co..  Mo.     Po]).  1277. 

Bocuf  Bayou,  bSf  bi'oo,  drains  part  of  Chicot  co., 
Ark.,  and  passes  thence  into  Louisiana.  It  runs  south- 
westward  through  West  Carroll  and  Richland  parishes,  and 
enters  the  Ouachita  River  at  the  south  extremity  of  Frank- 
lin parish.  Its  length  is  estimated  at  200  miles.  It  is 
navigable  during  high  water. 

B(cuf  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co..  Mo. 

Bocuf  River,  a  post-office  of  Caldwell  parish.  La. 

Bog,  two  rivers  of  European  Russia.     See  Bug. 

Bo'gan  or  New- Year  River  (the  "Allan  Water" 
of  Oxley),  a  river  of  New  South  Wales,  Australia,  rises  in 
Harvey  range  near  lat.  33°  S.,  Ion.  148°  30'  E.,  flows  gen- 
erally N.W.,  and  joins  the  Darling  River  about  lat.  30°  S., 
Ion.  146°  E.     Total  course,  450  miles. 

Bo'gansville,a  township  of  Union  co.,  S.C.     P.  1891. 

Boggard',  a  township  of  Daviess  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1170. 

Bogard,  a  township  of  Henry  co..  Mo.    Pop.  1117. 


Bogard,  a  post- village  of  Carroll  Co.,  Mo.,  8  mile*  by 
rail  N.  of  Carrollton.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  250. 

Bogarra,  bo-givR'R&,  a  town  of  Spain,  32  miles  S.W.  of 
Albacete.     Pop.  1200. 

Bo'gart,  a  post-village  in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  28 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Belleville.     Pop.  100. 

Bogdan,  the  Turkish  name  of  Moldavia. 

Bogdoiu  Dabassoo  (or  Dabassu),  bog'doin  d&- 
bis'soo,  a  salt  lake  of  Russia,  government  of  Astrakhan,  at 
the  foot  of  the  mountain  Bogdo  Oola,  14  miles  E.  of  Chcrno- 
yarsk.     It  is  about  10  miles  long  and  6  miles  broad. 

Bogdo  Kuren.    See  Oorua. 

Bog'do  Oo'la,  a  mountain  of  South  Russia,  in  the 
N.W.  of  the  government  of  Astrakhan.  It  rises  abruptly 
out  of  the  flat  steppe,  and  is  held  sacred  by  the  Kaluiuck«. 
Its  summit  contains  fragments  of  mussel  limestone,  l)ut  iii 
chiefly  composed  of  rock  salt.  Little  Bogdo  Oola  is 
another  hill,  25  miles  to  the  N. 

Bogcn,  bo'gh^n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Danube,  nt 
the  foot  of  the  Bogcnberg,  6  miles  E.  of  Straubing.  Pop. 
1300. 

Bogenberg,  bo'gh?n-bjRG\  a  mountain  of  Bavaria, 
having  upon  it  a  village  of  the  same  name,  with  a  chapel, 
a  celebrated  place  of  pilgrimage.     Pop.  643. 

Bogenhauscn,  bo'gh?n-h<jw'z?n,  a  village  of  Bavaria, 
2  miles  N.E.  of  Munich,  with  a  royal  observatory.     P.  972. 

Bogeuse,  bo'gh?n-s§h,  a  seaport  of  Denmark,  on  the 
N.  coast  of  the  island  of  Funen.     Pop.  1000. 

Bo'gerville,  a  post-office  of  Jasper  co.,  Ga. 

Bog'gan's,  a  station  of  Anson  co.,  N.C,  on  the  Carolina 
Central  Railroad,  48  miles  E.S.E.  of  Charlotte. 

Boggs,  a  township  of  Centre  co..  Pa.  Pop.  2135,  ex- 
elusive  of  Milesburg. 

Boggs,  a  township  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.     Pop.  784. 

Boggs'  Mill  (Glenbrook  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of  Lake 
CO.,  Cal.,  32  miles  from  Calistoga.  It  has  a  lumber-mill  and 
a  mineral  spring. 

Boggs'  Ruu,  a  station  in  Ohio  co.,  W.  Va.,  2  miles  S. 
of  Wheeling,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad. 

Boggs'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.,  on 
Sugar  Creek,  and  on  the  Cincinnati  &  Martinsville  Railroad, 
9  miles  N.E.  of  Franklin.  It  has  3  churches,  a  steam  saw- 
mill, and  about  12  residences. 

Boggs  Wharl,  a  post-villnge  of  Accomack  co.,  Va.,  on 
a  navigable  inlet  of  the  sea.  It  has  a  church  and  a  saw- 
mill.    Produce  is  shipped  here. 

Boghas  Kieui  (or  Kewee),  bo^g^z'  k&'wee,  or  Koi 
(identified  with  the  anc.  Pterium),  a  village  of  Asia  Minor, 
pashalic  of  Seevas,  88  miles  S.W.  of  Amasia.  Here  are 
portions  of  a  large  temple  and  of  a  cyclopean  wall,  and  2 
fortresses,  besides  various  bas-reliefs. 

Boghaz,  the  Turkish  for  Bosporus. 

Bo'gia,  or  Bo'gias,  a  post-hamlet  of  Escambia  co., 
Fla.,on  the  railroad  from  Pcnsacolato  Pollard,  Ala.,  32  milei 
N.  of  Pensacola.     It  has  a  church. 

Bogie,  bo'ghee,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Aberdeen, 
flows  northward,  and  joins  the  Deveron  near  Iluntly. 

Bogle,  bo'g'l,  a  township  of  Gentry  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  991. 

BogMipoor',  Bhaugulpoor,  or  Bhagalpur, 
bawg^iil-poor',  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the  district,  on 
the  Ganges,  and  on  a  railway,  105  miles  N.W.  of  iloorshe- 
dabad.  Pop.  in  1881,  68,238.  It  has  remarkable  Jain 
temples,  and  is  the  seat  of  a  large  trade. 

Boglipoor,  Bhaugulpoor,  or  Bhagalpur,  a  di- 
vision of  the  province  of  Bah.ar  (Bengal),  consisting  of  the 
districts  of  Boglipoor,  Monghir,  Purneah,  and  the  Santal 
Pergunnahs.  Area,  18,685  square  miles.  Pop.  6,613,358. 
Boglipoor  district  is  enclosed  by  Nepaul,  Purnean,  the  Santal 
Pergunnahs,  Tirhoot,  and  Alonghir.  Capital,  Boglipoor. 
Area,  4268  square  miles.     Pop.  1,826,290. 

Bog'nor,  formerly  Hothanip'tou,  a  town  and  bath- 
ing-place of  England,  co.  of  Sussex,  on  a  railwaj',  6  miles 
S.E.  of  Chichester.  It  is  sheltered  from  N.  winds,  and  bai 
many  pleasant  residences,  but  is  accessible  only  to  smali 
coasting- vessels.     Pop.  2811. 

Bogodookhov,  Bogodoukhov,orBogodukhov, 
bo-go-doo-kov',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  39  miles 
N.W.  of  Kharkov.     Pop.  9999. 

Bogiie,  two  islands  of  Denmark.     See  Baagoe. 

Bog  of  Allen,  the  general  name  applied  to  a  scries  of 
bogs  in  Ireland  stretching  across  the  centre  of  the  country 
from  Wicklow  Head  to  Galway  on  the  S.,  and  from  llowth 
Head  to  Sligo  on  the  N.  But  the  name  is  especially  given 
to  the  great  morasses  of  Kildare  and  King's  counties. 

Bogoochar,  Bogoutchar,  or  Bogutschar,  bo- 
goo-chan',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  138  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Voronezh,  near  the  Don.     Pop.  5151. 


BOG 


671 


BOII 


Bogooslav,  Bogouslav,  or  Bognslaw,  bo-goo- 

W,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  70  miles  S.S.E.  of 

tiev,  on  the  banks  of  the  Rossa.     Pop.  6000. 

Bogoroditsk;  bo-go-ro-ditsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
iment  of  Toola,  40  miles  S.E.  of  Toola.     It  has  a  royal 

stie,  and  a  trade  in  honey  and  flax.     Pop.  7290. 

Bogoslo'va,  or  Bogosloff',  a  small  island  and  vol- 
10  of  Alaska,  N.W.  of  Oonalaska,  1000  feet  high.     Lat. 

\°  52'  N.;  Ion.  167°  39'  W. 

Bogoslovsk,  bo-go-slovsk',  a  village  of  Russia,  in  the 
il  Mountains,  government  and  185  miles  N.E.  of  Perm. 

Bogota,   bo-go-ti',   formerly   Sauta   Fe   de   Bo- 

>ta,  sin'ti  fi  di  bo-go-ti',  a  city,  the  capital  of  the 

lublic  of  Colombia,  and  of  the  department  of  Cundi- 
namarca,  and  the  see  of  an  archbishop,  is  situated  on 
the  San  Francisco  River,  on  an  elevated  plain,  8863  feet 
above  the  sea,  at  the  foot  of  two  lofty  mountains,  with  a 
delightful  climate,  resembling  a  perpetual  autumn;  the 
temperature  rarely  exceeding  59°  Fahr.  Lat.  4°  35'  48" 
N. ;  Ion.  74°  13'  45"  W.  The  streets  are  narrow,  but  reg- 
ular, crossing  one  another  at  right  angles.  The  principal 
street,  Calle  Real,  is  very  handsome,  terminating  at  one  end 
in  a  square,  formed  by  the  palace  of  the  president,  the 
cathedral,  the  custom-house,  &c.  Bogota  being  subject  to 
earthquakes,  the  houses  are  low  and  strongly  built  of  sun- 
dried  brick.  Traffic  is  carried  on  in  the  streets  by  mules, 
no  vehicles  of  any  kind  being  employed.  The  religious 
structures  of  the  city  are  disproportionately  numerous. 
Bogota  contains  a  university,  a  large  but  unfinished  (1887) 
federal  capitol,  a  school  of  chemistry  and  mineralogy,  a 
public  library,  an  observatory,  a  botanic  garden,  and  a 
theatre.  It  has  manufactures  of  soap,  cloth,  leather,  and 
the  precious  metals,  and  an  active  trade.  The  environs  of 
Bogota  are  highly  interesting.  The  Rio  Francisco,  which 
traverses  the  city,  joins  the  Rio  Bogota  in  the  centre  of  the 
plain,  and  the  conjoint  waters  descend  in  a  S.W.  direction 
through  a  ravine  nearly  20  miles  long.  At  the  cataract  of 
Tequendama  the  cleft  between  the  rocks  is  only  36  feet  wide, 
and  the  waters  descend  in  an  unbroken  mass  650  feet. 
About  20  miles  from  the  falls  is  the  natural  bridge  of  Ico- 
nonzo  or  Pandi,  formed  by  two  rocks  that  imite  the  opposite 
Bides  of  a  deep  mountain-cleft,  300  feet  above  a  small  tor- 
rent. The  Campo  contains  also  coal-fields,  and,  towards  the 
N.  border,  the  rich  salt-mines  of  Zipaquird.  Here  also  is 
Lake  Guatavita,  into  which  it  is  supposed  the  ancient  in- 
habitants threw  their  treasures  when  conquered  by  the 
Spaniards.  Bogota  was  founded  by  Quesada  in  1538,  and 
made  an  archbishopric  in  1561.  It  was  formerly  capital  of 
the  Spanish  vicoroyalty  of  New  Granada.     Pop.  100,000. 

Bogo'ta,  a  post-village  of  Jasper  co.,  111.,  9  miles  S.W. 
of  Newton.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  200. 

Bogota,  a  station  in  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  New 
Jersey  Midland  Railroad,  f  of  a  mile  S.E.  of  Ilackensack. 

Bog^rah',  BogVa',  or  Bog^ourah',  written  also 
Bag'ura',  a  district  of  Bengal,  in  the  valley  of  the  Brah- 
mapootra and  partly  within  its  delta  system.  Area,  1491 
square  miles.     Capital,  Bograh.     Pop.  689,467. 

Bograh,  Bogourah,  or  Bagura,  a  town  of  India, 
capital  of  the  above  district,  on  an  aiSuent  of  the  Attri. 
Lat.  24°  61'  N. ;  Ion.  89°  26'  E.     Pop.,  with  suburbs,  5872. 

Bogue,  bog,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carteret  co.,  N.C.,  on 
Bogue  Sound,  2  miles  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean  and  12  miles 
S.  of  Newport.     It  has  2  churches,  and  fishing  industries. 

Bogue  Chit'to,  a  small  river,  rises  in  Lincoln  co.. 
Miss.,  runs  in  a  S.S.E.  direction,  and  enters  Pearl  River  in 
St.  Tammany  parish,  La.     It  is  also  called  Chitto  Bayou. 

Bogue  Chitto,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co..  Miss.,  on 
the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad,  65  miles  S. 
by  AV.  from  Jackson.     It  has  a  church. 

Bogue  Ho'mo  Creek,  Mississippi,  runs  southward 
through  Jones  co.,  and  enters  the  Leaf  River  in  Perry  co. 

Bogue,  The,  in  China.    See  Boca  Tigris. 

Bo'gus,  a  post-hamlet  of  Siskiyou  co.,  Cal.,  about  120 
miles  from  Reading. 

Bogiislaw,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Bogooslav. 

Bogwangola,  a  town  of  India.    See  Bhagwangola. 

Boliain,  bo^3,N»',  a  tow^n  of  France,  department  of 
Aisne,  12  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  St.  Quentin.     Pop.  6501. 

Bohan'non,  astation  in  Jefferson  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Louis- 
ville &  Paducah  Railroad,  about  6  miles  S.W.  of  Louisville. 

Bohemia,  bo-hce'me-a  (Ger.  Bohmen,  bo'm^n;  Fr. 
lioheme,  bo-aim'),  a  political  and  administrative  province 
and  nominal  kingdom  of  Austria-Hungary,  Cisleithanian 
division,  between  lat.  48°  33'  and  61°  3'  N.  and  Ion.  12° 
and  16°  46'  E. ;  bounded  N.  by  Saxony  and  Prussian  Silesia, 
E.  by  Prussia  and  Moravia,  S.  by  Lower  Austria,  and  W. 
by  Bavaria.     Length,  from  E.  to  W.,  210  miles;  breadth, 


from  N.  to  S.,  171  miles.  Area,  20,060  square  miles.  The 
territory  forms  an  extensive  upland  valley,  with  an  inclina- 
tion to  the  N.W.  It  is  surrounded  on  all  sides  by  moun- 
tains, and  belongs  almost  exclusively  to  the  basin  of  the 
Elbe,  by  which  stream  the  country  is  drained  through  a 
single  defile  on  the  Saxon  frontier. 

Four  chains  of  lofty  mountains  constitute  the  natural 
boundaries  of  the  Bohemian  basin.  N.  and  N.E.  it  is  sepa- 
rated from  Silesia  by  the  Riescngebirge,  one  of  the  principal 
branches  of  the  Sudetic  chain,  of  which  the  highest  peaks 
are  the  Riesenkoppe  or  Schneekoppe  (snow-top),  5394  feet : 
the  double-capped  Brunnberg  or  Romberg,  5007  feet;  and 
the  Sturmhaube,  4756  feet.  N.  and  N.W.  it  is  separated 
from  Saxony  by  the  Erzgebirge,  which  are  parted  N.E.  from 
the  Riesengebirge  by  the  defile  through  which  the  Elbe 
leaves  Bohemia.  W.  and  S.W.  it  is  separated  from  Bavaria 
and  the  archduchy  of  Austria  by  the  Bohmerwald,  which  at 
its  N.W.  extremity  is  separated  from  the  Erzgebirge  by  the 
depression  through  which  the  Eger  flows.  This  chain, 
uniting  at  its  S.W.  extremity  with  the  Bohmerwald  and 
at  its  N.E.  with  the  Riesengebirge,  completes  the  circle  of 
mountains  by  which  Bohemia  is  enclosed.  The  Moravian 
chain  is  of  gentle  acclivity,  of  the  average  height  of  3281 
feet,  and  separates  the  basin  of  the  Elbe  and  Moldau  frwn 
that  of  the  Danube.  Several  oflsets  from  these  chains,  of 
inferior  height,  intersect  the  kingdom. 

One  of  the  chief  sources  of  the  country's  wealth  has  been 
its  valuable  minerals,  found  chiefly  in  the  Erzgebirge  and 
the  spurs  of  the  Fichtelgebirge.  Of  gold  and  silver  it  now 
yields  little.  But  it  produces  coal,  lignite,  cinnabar,  tin, 
bismuth,  copper,  zinc,  nickel,  lead,  manganese,  litharge, 
sulphur,  alum,  iron,  arsenic,  chrome,  sulphate  of  iron  and 
copper,  and  plumbago ;  some  of  these  in  considerable  quan- 
tity. Precious  stones,  glass-sand,  granite,  freestone,  grind- 
stones, millstones,  porcelain  earth,  and  potters'  clay  aro 
obtained  in  various  parts. 

Bohemia  has  no  large  lakes,  but  it  is  said  to  possess  20,000 
ponds  and  160  mineral  springs.  Of  these  last  may  be  speci- 
fied the  saline  chalybeate  springs  of  Franzensbrunnen,  and 
of  Marienbad  and  Giesshiibel ;  the  warm  alkaline  aperient 
springs  of  Carlsbad  and  Toplitz  (166°  and  99°  Fahrenheit, 
respectively) ;  the  bitter  cathartic  waters  of  Sedlitz,  Said- 
schitz,  and  Piillna;  and  the  sulphurous  springs  of  Toplitz. 

Three-fifths  of  the  people  are  Czechs,  a  Slavic  race,  with 
a  language  of  their  own,  a  well-developed  literature,  and 
strong  national  feelings.  Both  the  Czechs  and  the  Germans 
here  are  very  generally  Roman  Catholics. 

The  climate  is  in  general  healthy,  and  warmer  in  the  low 
districts,  the  central  parts,  and  towards  the  N.  than  in  the 
S.  In  the  Bohmerwald  the  snow  is  often  found  12  feet  deep, 
and  lies  till  the  middle  of  April ;  in  some  of  the  other  ranges 
it  remains  throughout  the  whole  year. 

Except  in  the  lofty  mountain-ranges,  the  soil  of  Bo- 
hemia is  generally  fertile,  more  especially  in  the  N.  and 
N.E.  The  principal  crops  raised  are  rye  and  oata,  about 
equal  in  quantity;  barley  and  wheat,  about  half  the  two 
former.  Potatoes  and  turnips  are  grown  extensively,  and 
considerable  quantities  of  legumes,  poppies,  rape  and  clover 
seeds,  flax,  and  hemp.  Of  the  hops,  which  are  good,  a  large 
portion  is  sent  to  Bavaria.  Fruit  is  abundant  on  the  lower 
grounds;  and  in  the  warmer  localities  the  vine  ripens.  The 
breed  of  sheep  is  now  greatly  improved,  and  the  wool  ex- 
cellent. Large  quantities  of  a  superior  breed  of  carp  are 
exported  from  Bohemia  to  North  Germany. 

In  manufacturing  industry  this  country  has  long  been  one 
of  the  most  important  provinces  of  the  empire.  The  chief 
seat  of  this  industry  is  in  the  north  and  among  the  German 
population  of  the  mountains;  it  consists  principally  of 
thread,  linens,  cotton,  iron,  woollens,  glass,  paper,  beet- 
sugar,  spirits,  porcelain, woodenware,  metallic  goods,  leather, 
&o.  Glass  has  been  a  staple  article  of  Bohemian  manufac- 
ture since  the  thirteenth  century,  and  the  art  of  glass-grind- 
ing can  scarcely  be  equalled  by  any  other  country.  About 
one-third  of  the  entire  population  of  the  kingdom,  it  is  esti- 
mated, are  employed  in  the  various  manufactures. 

The  Elbe  and  the  Moldau  are  navigated  by  steam -packets, 
and  the  country  is  everywhere  traversed  by  railways. 

The  Emperor  of  Austria  bears  the  title  of  King  of  Bo- 
hemia,  and  is  crowned  at  Prague.  The  Roman  Catholic  is 
the  religion  of  the  state,  and  the  other  sects  are  only  toler- 
ated. Bohemia  possesses  numerous  establishments  for  pub- 
lic instruction.  The  University  of  Prague  is  one  of  the 
most  ancient  and  celebrated  in  Europe.  There  are  many 
learned  societies  in  Bohemia,  with  which  are  connected 
public  libraries,  botanic  gardens,  and  scientific  collections  ; 
nearly  all  of  them  are  German  and  not  Czech  institutions, 

Bohemia  derives  its  name  from  the  Boii,  a  Celtic  people, 


Bon 


672 


BOI 


who  Mttled  in  the  oonntry  about  000  years  n.c,  and  who 
were  espello<l  in  the  time  of  Augustus  by  the  Maroomanni. 
About  tno  middle  of  the  sixth  century  a  numerous  army  of 
Caeohs  entered  the  country  and  subdued  it.  The  first  duke 
known  to  us  by  name  is  Przcmislas,  a  peasant  whom  the 
Princess  Libussa  mnrried  in  a.d.  632  and  raised  to  the 
throne.  In  lOfll  the  Emperor  Henry  IV.  gave  the  royal 
title  to  the  Dukes  of  Bohemia.  After  many  vicissitudes, 
Bohemia  fell  to  the  House  of  Austria,  in  the  person  of  Fer- 
dinand the  Archduke,  brother  of  Charles  V.,  and  brother- 
in-law  of  Louis  II.,  King  of  Hungary  and  Bohemia,  who 
was  killed  in  1526  in  a  buttle  with  the  Turks,  near  Mohacs. 
At  this  period  Bohemia  possessed  a  comparotively  free  con- 
stitution, and  most  of  its  inhabitants  were  Protestants.  In 
consequence  of  the  encroachments  of  the  succeeding  em- 
perors on  the  religious  liberties  of  the  Protestants,  serious 
disturbances  arose.  But  the  battle  of  the  White  Mountain, 
fought  in  November,  1620,  put  an  end  to  the  hopes  of  the 
Protestants,  who  were  subjected  by  their  conquerors,  the 
Austrians,  to  a  persecution  scarcely  paralleled  in  history. 
The  Protestant  religion,  held  by  three-fourths  of  the  people, 
became  wollnigh  extinct ;  the  free  constitution  was  totally 
subverted.  More  than  30,000  families,  including  many  of 
the  nobility,  all  the  Protestant  ministers  and  teachers,  nu- 
merous mechanics,  Ac,  were  forcibly  driven  into  exile  or 
had  their  estates  and  property  confiscated.  On  the  death 
of  Charles  VI.  (1740),  Charles  Albert,  Elector  of  Bavaria, 
claimed  the  crown,  but  Maria  Theresa  succeeded,  after  an 
arduous  struggle,  in  securing  possession  of  the  kingdom. 
The  Czechs  in  1868-70  engaged  in  insurrectionary  move- 
ments, but  they  were  readily  suppressed,  and  in  1883 
they  secured  a  majority  in  the  Landtag  as  well  as  in  the 
Csecbinn  University  in  Prague.     Pop.  in  1880,  5,560,819; 

1888,  5,780,9.<8. Adj.  and  inhab.     Bohb'mian  (Qer.  adj. 

BoHMiscEi,  bo'mish;  inbab.  Bohme,  bo'm^h). 

Bohemia,  bo-hee'me-a,  a  hamlet  of  Islip  township, 
Suffolk  CO.,  N.Y.,  2  miles  S.  of  Lakelnnd  Station  (Long 
Island  Railroad).  It  is  inhabited  principally  by  Germans 
or  Bohemians,  nnd  has  manufactures  of  cigars. 

Bohemia  MiHs,  a  hamlet  of  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  2i  miles 
from  Middletown,  Del.,  and  3  miles  from  Warwick,  Md.  It 
h&i  a  flour-mill  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Bohmen,  Bohmisch.    See  Bohemia. 

Bohmerwaid, bo'm(jr-*alt^  (t.c, "Bohemian Forest"), 
a  chain  of  mountains  in  Europe,  between  Bohemia  and  Ba- 
varia, extending  S.W.  to  N.E.,  and  separating  the  basins  of 
the  Elbe  and  the  Danube.  Length,  about  120  miles ;  mean 
breadth,  25  miles.  The  principal  summits  are  the  Abcr, 
4848  feet,  and  the  Rachelborg,  4743  feet  in  elevation.  It 
is  the  Sylva  Gabreta,  forming  part  of  the  Hercynian  forest, 
of  the  Romans.  It  is  very  wild  and  broken  and  steep  to- 
wards Bavaria,  with  a  much  gentler  slope  towards  Bohemia. 

Bohmisch  Brod.    See  Brod. 

Bohmisch  Lcipa.     See  Leipa. 

Bohmisch  Tribau,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  TrUbau. 

Bo'hol',  one  of  the  Philippine  Islands,  between  Zebu 
and  Leyte,  and  70  miles  N.W.  of  Mindanao.  Lat.  10°  N. ; 
Ion.  124°  E.  Length,  40  miles ;  average  breadth,  30  miles. 
Pop.  about  120,000. 

Bo^hon')  a  post-village  of  Mercer  co.,  Ky.,  6  miles  from 
Ilarrodsburg.     it  has  a  church. 

Bohorodczany,  bo-ho-rot-ch&ii',  a  town  of  Austrian 
Galicia,  12  miles  S.S.W,  of  Stanislawow.     Pop.  3438. 

Bohus,  boo'hoos,  a  district  of  Sweden,  now  a  part  of  the 
laen  of  Gothenburg  and  Bohus. 

Boi-Abad,  boy-&-b&.d',  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the 
Kara  Soo,  45  miles  S.S.W.  of  Sinope.  It  has  numerous 
mosques,  several  inns,  and  a  hill  fort. 

BoiceviUc,  boys8'vIl,a  post-hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Olive  township,  on  the  Ulster  &  Delaware  Railroad,  17 
miles  W.  of  Kingston.     It  has  a  carriage-factory. 

Boiestown,  boys'town,  a  post-village  in  Northumber- 
land CO.,  New  Brunswick,  on  the  S.W.  branch  of  the  Mira- 
michi  River,  38  miles  N.  of  Fredericton,     Pop.  250. 

Boii'ing  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co., 
]Pa.,  in  South  Middleton  township,  on  the  Harrisburg  &, 
Potomac  Railroad,  19  miles  W.S.W.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has 
6  churches,  2  hotels,  iron-mines  and  manufactures  of  pig- 
iron  and  blooms,  a  rulling-mill,  and  a  brick-yard.   Pop.  760. 

Boiling  Spring,  a  township  of  Lexington  co.,  S.C. 
Pop.  354.     It  contains  Barr's  Station. 

Boiling  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Wilcox  co.,  Ala. 

Boil'ston,  a  post-office  of  Henderson  co.,  N.C. 

Boiotia,  the  Greek  for  Bceotia. 

Boipeba-Velha,  bo-e-pA'b8,-vfiry4,  a  town  of  Brazil, 
province  and  65  miles  S.W.  of  Bahia,  on  the  island  of  the 
Hune  name. 


Bois  Blanc  (boy  bl&nk ;  Fr.  pron.  bw&  blftN«)  Island, 
an  island  of  Cheboygan  eo.,  Mich.,  in  Lake  Huron,  lU  milea 
S.E.  of  Mackinaw.  It  is  about  10  miles  lung  and  3  milei 
broad,  and  has  a  light-house  on  its  E.  end. 

Bois  Ulanc  Island,  a  long  narrow  island  in  the 
Detroit  River,  oi)posite  Amherstburgh,  Ontario.  On  its  S. 
point  is  a  light-house. 

Bois  Blanc  Lake,  on  the  border  of  Lake  co.,  Minn., 
is  traversed  by  the  Canada  line. 

Bois  BruI6,  boy  bru-la'  (Fr.  pron.  bwi  brliMi'),  a 
post-hamlet  of  Perry  co..  Mo.,  8  miles  S.  of  Chester,  111, 
Pop.  of  Bois  Brul6  township,  1337.     It  has  a  church. 

Bois  Brul6  Uiver,  or  simply  Brul6  Itiver,  forms 
part  of  the  boundary  between  Marquette  co.,  Mich.,  and 
Oconto  CO.,  Wis.  It  runs  in  an  E.S.E.  direction,  nnd  unites 
with  the  Michigamme  River  at  the  N.W.  extremity  of 
Menominee  co.,  Mich. 

Bois'dalc,  or  Beaver  Cove,  a  post-village  in  Cnpe 
Breton  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  Little  Bras  d'Or  Lake,  26  miles 
from  Sydney.     Pop.  500. 

Bois  d'Arc,  bO'dark',  a  township  of  Montgomery  co., 
111.     Pop.  1177. 

Bois  d'Arc,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Mo.,  about  12 
miles  N.W.  of  Springfield. 

Bois  d'Arc  Creek,  Ellis  co.,  Tex.,  flows  eastward 
into  Trinity  River. 

Bois  d'Arc  River,  of  Texas,  also  called  East  Fork 
of  the  Trinity,  rises  in  the  N.  part  of  the  state,  and,  flowing 
southward,  enters  Trinity  River  in  Kaufman  co. 

Bois-de-Lcssines,  bwi-d^h-lis'seen',  a  vill.age  o^ 
Belgium,  Hainaut,  28  miles  N.E.  of  Tournay.     Pop.  1639. 

Bois6,  or  Bois^e,  local  pron.  boi'ze,  Fr.  pron.  bwi- 
zi',  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Idaho,  is  drained  by  the 
Payette,  which  rises  in  it.  The  surface  is  mostly  moun- 
tainous. A  portion  of  the  highlands  is  covered  with  forests 
of  pine.  The  chief  resources  of  this  county  are  mines  of 
golu.  Limestone  abounds  here.  Capital,  Idaho  City. 
Pop.  in  1870,  3834,  of  whom  1183  were  natives;  in  1880, 
3214;  in  1890,  33-12. 

Bois6,  a  post-hamlet  of  King  co.,  Wash.,  12  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Palmer. 

Bois6  City,  the  capital  of  Idaho  and  of  Ada  co.,  is 
on  the  Bois6  River,  in  a  rich  mining  district  at  a  terminus 
of  a  branch  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railway  System.  It  ia 
about  300  miles  S.W.  of  Helena,  Montana.  Lat.  43°  3C' 
N. ;  Ion.  1 1 6°  20'  W.  The  city  contains  8  churches,  a  prison, 
a  United  States  assay  office,  2  national  banks,  graded  pub- 
lic and  2  private  schools,  and  printing-offices  from  which 
are  issued  2  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers.  This  is  said 
to  be  the  only  city  in  the  world  supplied  with  pure  hot 
water  from  a  flowing  hot  well.     Pop.  about  4500. 

Bois^  (or  Boisee)  Kivcr,  of  Idaho,  is  sometimes 
called  Big  Wood  River.  It  rises  by  several  branches  in 
Alturas  co.  The  main  stream  runs  westward  through  Ada 
CO.,  and  enters  the  Snake  or  Lewis  River  on  the  W.  border 
of  Idaho.  Gold  is  found  near  its  branches  and  in  the  upper 
part  of  the  Bois6  basin. 

Bois'fort,  or  Boist'fort,  a  post-office  of  Lewis  co., 
Washington,  14  miles  from  Newaukum  Station. 

Bois-Guillaume,  bwi-ghce'yome'  {i.e.,  "William's 
woods"),  a  village  of  France,  Seine-Inffirieure,  2  miles  N.  of 
Rouen.     Pop.  4046. 

Bois-le-Duc,bwl-l?h-diik'  {J)\xUi\i,' S Ilertogenlotcli, 
"the  duke's  wood"),  a  fortified  city  of  the  Netherlands, 
capital  of  North  Brabant,  at  the  junction  of  the  Dommel 
and  the  Aa,  28  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Utrecht.  It  is  about 
5  miles  in  circumference,  well  built,  and  intersected  by  sev- 
eral canals.  Its  buildings  comprise  one  of  the  finest  churches 
in  the  Netherlands,  a  town  hall,  a  grammar-school,  a  col- 
lege, an  academy  of  arts,  an  arsenal,  several  hospitals,  and  a 
prison.  It  has  manufactures  of  linens,  thread,  needles,  cut- 
lery, and  mirrors,  with  breweries  and  distilleries,  .and  a  con- 
siderable trade.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  Catholic  archbishop.  It 
was  founded  in  1184  by  a  duke  of  Brabant,  in  a  wood, 
whence  its  name.     Pop.  in  1886,  25,591. 

Boisleux,  bwi'luh',  a  village  of  France,  on  a  railway, 
4  miles  S.W.  of  Arras.     Pop.  688. 

Boissezon,  bwi's^h-zONo',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Tarn,  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Castres.     Pop.  2702. 

Boissy,  bwi'see',  or  Boissy  Saint  L6ger,  bwl'seo' 
sin"  ]i-zh4',  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Seino-et- 
Oise,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Paris.  Near  it  are  the  superb  chateau 
of  Gros-Bois  and  many  handsome  country-houses.  Pop. 
937.     Other  villages  of  France  have  the  name  Boissy. 

Boitza,  a  village  of  Austria.    See  Ochse.vdorf. 

Boitzenburg,  or  Boizenburg,  boit's?n-b55no\  a 
town  of  Germany,  in  Meoklenburg-Schwerin,  on  the  right 


BOI 


673 


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bank  of  the  Elbe,  and  on  a  railway,  34  miles  S.W.  of 
Bchwerin.  It  has  a  wool-market,  manufacturing  establish- 
ment!*, ship-building  docks,  <fec.     Pop.  3581. 

Iloitzenburg,  or  Boizenburg,  a  village  of  Prussia, 
in  Brandenburg,  52  miles  N.  of  Berlin.     Pop.  955. 

Bojaiia^  bo-y3,'nil  (anc.  Barba'na),  a  river  of  European 
Turkey,  flows  from  the  Lake  of  Scutari,  and  enters  the  Adri- 
atic S  miles  S.  of  Scutari.     Length,  65  miles. 

llojano,  bo-yS,'no  (anc.  Bovia'num),  a  town  of  Italy, 
a  bishojj's  see,  10  miles  S.AV.  of  Campobasso.     Pop.  6606. 

Bojaiiowo,  bo-yd-no'vo,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland, 
44  miles  N.N.W.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  2017. 

Boka,  bo'koh\  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Torontal, 
on  the  Tenies,  33  miles  S.S.W.  of  Temesvar.     Pop.  2100. 

Boke's  Creek,  a  township  of  Logan  ec,  0.  Pop. 
1344.     It  contains  West  Ridgway. 

Boke's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  0.,  is  at 
Buiiimerville,  a  hamlet  about  40  miles  N.W.  of  Columbus. 

Boke's  (or  Boque's)  Creek,  Ohio,  drains  parts  of 
Logan  and  Union  cos.,  runs  nearly  eastward,  and  enters  the 
Scii)to  River  6  or  7  miles  N.W.  of  Delaware. 

Bokhara,  Bochara,  bo-Kd'ri,  Boukara,  Bu- 
chara,  boo'KS,'R^,  or  Bucharia,  boo-Ki're-S,,  sometimes 
called  Oozbekistan,  or  Uzbekistan,  ooz'b6kHsHS,n', 
"land  of  the  Oozbeks"  (the  anc.  Sogdia'na,  and  Trana- 
cixia'nn,  including  also  a  part  of  anc.  Bactria),  called  also 
Great  Bucha'ria,  a  country  of  Central  Asia,  in  Toor- 
kistan.  In  a  wide  sense  the  term  Bokhara  includes  a  portion 
of  Northern  Afghanistan ;  and  indeed  some  authors  appear 
to  make  it  synonymous  with  the  name  Toorkistan  ;  but  the 
khanate  of  Bokhara  at  present  is  a  relatively  small  state, 
under  Russian  control,  separated  from  Afghan  Toorkistan 
by  the  Amoo-Darya.  Area,  100,000  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
habited mainly  by  peoples  of  Turkish  stock  and  of  many 
tribes,  the  Oozbeks  predominating.  The  Zerafshan  is  the 
principal  river.  Cotton,  tobacco,  indigo,  wool,  silk,  grain, 
fruits,  and  vegetables  are  raised  extensively ;  and  fine 
horses,  shawl-goats,  asses,  and  camels  are  largely  bred. 
The  mineral  wealth  of  the  country  is  believed  to  be  great. 
Trade  is  chiefly  with  Russia,  and  is  carried  on  by  caravans. 

Capital,  Bokhara.     Pop.  about  1,250,000. Adj.  and  in- 

hab.  BoKHAniAN,  bo-ki'ro-an,  and  Bukharian,  bu-kS,'re- 
^n  ;  also  Bokharese,  boHti-reez'. 

Bokhara  ("  the  treasury  of  sciences"),  a  city  of  Central 
Asia,  capital  of  the  above,  near  the  Zerafshan  River,  130 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Saraarcand.  Lat.  39°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  64° 
26'  E.  It  is  in  a  flat  country,  among  hills,  is  8  miles  in  cir- 
cumference, enclosed  by  earthen  ramparts,  entered  by  12 
gates,  and  intersected  by  canals.  The  streets  are  very  nar- 
row, and  the  houses  mostly  small  and  flat-roofed.  In  the 
centre  is  the  citadel,  containing  the  palace  and  the  residences 
of  the  state  officers.  Bokhara  is  said  to  have  365  mosques, 
ieveral  of  great  architectural  beauty,  and  80  colleges,  this 
city  having  been  long  famous  as  a  seat  of  Mohammedan 
learning.     Pop.  100,000. 

Bokol,  bo^kol',  a  large  village  of  Scnegambia,  near  the 
Senegal  River,  in  lat.  16°  24'  N.,  Ion.  15°  24'  AV. 

Bokstein,  a  village  of  Austria.    See  Beckstein. 

Bolabola,  bo'l3,-bo'li,  or  Borabora,  bo'ri-bo'ri, 
written  also  Bonabona,  bo'ni-bo'ni,  one  of  the  Society 
Islands,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  situated  N.W.  of  Tahiti,  and 
nearly  30  miles  in  circumference,  well  wooded  and  populous. 
It  is  a  high  peak,  once  volcanic,  and  now  fenced  from  the 
liea  by  a  ring  of  coral  islets. 

Bo'land's,  a  post-ofiice  of  Itawamba  co.,  Miss. 

Boianos,  bo-lan'yoce,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  Jalisco,  65 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Guadalajara,  remarkable  on  account  of 
the  silver-mines  in  its  neighborhood. 

Bolan  (boMin')  Pass,  a  defile  in  the  mountains  of 
Belooohistan,  consisting  of  a  succession  of  ravines,  about  55 
miles  in  aggregate  length  (from  near  Dadur  to  Shawl),  on 
the  route  from  the  Lower  Indus  to  the  table-land  of  Afghan- 
istan. Lat.  29°  30'  to  29°  52'  N. ;  Ion.  between  67°  and 
67°  40'  E.  The  greatest  elevation  is  5793  feet.  The  Bolan 
River  rises  in  this  pass  at  4494  feet  above  the  sea. 

BoMar,  a  post-village  of  Bath  co.,  Va.,  30  miles  from 
Miilborough  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  a  mineral 
spring,  a  hotel,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Bolawadun,  or  Bolavadin.     See  Bulavadeen. 

Bolbe,  the  ancient  name  of  Beshek,  a  lake  of  Turkey. 

Bolbec,  borbiK',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Seine-Inferieure,  on  the  railway  from  Paris  to  Havre,  and 
on  the  Bolbec,  which  furnishes  abundant  water-power,  21 
,  miles  E.N.E.  of  Havre.  It  is  well  built,  and  ornamented 
with  fountains,  and  is  the  seat  of  large  and  thriving  man- 
ufactures of  cotton  fabrics,  also  woollen-  and  linen-factories, 
dye-works,  and  tanneries.     Pop.  10,143. 


Bolbitine,  or  Bolbitinnm.    See  Rosetta. 

BolckoAV,  bol'ko,  a  post-village  of  Andrew  co.,  Mo.,  on 
the  One  Hundred  and  Two  River,  and  the  Creston  Branch 
of  the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  &  Council  Bluffs  Railroad, 
26  miles  N.  of  St.  Joseph.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  250. 

Bold  Branch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Abbeville  co.,  S.C,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Abbeville  Court-House. 

Bold  Brook,  a  village  in  Russia  township,  Herkimer 
CO.,  N.Y.,  with  several  saw-mills  and  box-factories. 

Bold  Spring',  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Ga.,  8 
miles  S.W.  of  Carnesville,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Bold  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Humphreys  co.,  Tenn., 
13  miles  S.E.  of  Waverly,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Bold  Springs,  a  post-office  of  McLennan  co.,  Tex.,  17 
miles  N.  of  Waco. 

Bolechow,  bo-li'kov,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia.  14 
miles  S.  of  Stry,  on  a  branch  of  the  Dniester.     Pop.  2300. 

Boleriuin  Promontorium.    See  Land's  End. 

Boles,  bolz,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  Ark. 

Boles,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co..  Mo.,  at  Augusta 
Station  on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad.  It  has  a  flour- 
mill  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  of  Boles  township,  5183,  in- 
cluding the  village  of  Pacific,     See  Augusta. 

Bolgary,  bol-gi'ree,  a  village  of  Russia,  60  miles  S.  of 
Kazan,  on  the  Volga.     Pop.  900. 

BoPgrad',  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Bessarabia,  25  miles 
N.  of  Ismail,  on  Lake  Yalpookh.     Pop.  9000. 

Boli,  or  Boiy,  bo'lee  (anc.  Hadrianop'oUa),  a  town  of 
Asia  Minor,  76  miles  N.W.  of  Angora.  It  is  a  poor  place, 
with  a  dozen  mosques  and  a  ruined  castle.     Pop.  8000. 

Boligee,  bo-le-jee',  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  Ala., 
19  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Akron,  and  62  miles  N.E.  of 
Meridian.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  public  school.  Pop. 
about  200. 

Bol-Ilmen,  bol-il-m5n',  or  Manitch,  mi-neetch', 
called  also  Bolchai  Ilmen  and  Great  Liman,  a  lake 
in  Russia,  formed  by  the  Manitch,  between  the  governments 
of  Don  Cossacks  and  Stavropol.  It  is  a  long,  narrow,  ir- 
regular expanse  of  brackish  water,  stretching  nearly  50 
miles  from  S.E.  to  N.AV. 

Bolinas,  bo-lee'nas,  or  Ballenas,  b3,-yi'nis,  a  post- 
village  of  Marin  co.,  Cal.,  on  Bolinas  Bay,  about  18  miles 
N.W.  of  San  Francisco.  It  has  2  or  3  churches.  Produce 
is  shipped  here.  Bolinas  Bay  is  a  safe  anchorage  in  sum- 
mer, the  lagoon  being  readily  accessible  to  small  craft,  ex- 
cept in  heavy  weather. 

Bolingbroke,  bo'ling-brook,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
of  Lincoln,  3i  miles  W.S.W.  of  Spilsby.  It  has  remains 
of  the  castle  in  which  Henry  IV.  was  born.     Pop.  987. 

Bolingbroke,  bo'ling-brook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe 
CO.,  Ga.,  on  the  Macon  <fc  Western  Railroad,  15  miles  W.N.  W. 
of  Macon.     It  has  several  stores. 

Bo'lington,  a  post-office  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va.,  4  miles 
from  Berlin  Railroad  Station,  Md. 

Bolivar,  bo-lee'van,  a  department  of  the  Republic  of 
Colombia,  bordering  on  the  Caribbean  Sea,  has  an  area  of 
about  30,000  square  miles.  Estimated  population,  325,000. 
Capital,  Cartagena.    Chief  commercial  centre,  Barranquilla. 

Bolivar,  a  state  of  Venezuela,  h.as  N.  the  states  of 
Bermudez,  Miranda,  and  Zamora,  from  which  it  is  separated 
bv  the  Orinoco  River.  Area,  88,700  square  miles.  Ciipital, 
Ciudad  Bolivar.     (See  Angostura.)    Pop.  in  1889,  60.097. 

Bolivar,  bol-e-var'  or  bSl'-^-var,  a  county  in  the  N.W. 
part  of  Mississippi,  has  an  area  of  about  900  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  is 
partly  drained  by  the  Sunflower  River.  The  surface  is 
slightly  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests ; 
the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton  is  the  staple  product,  and  Indian 
corn  is  cultivated.  Its  eastern  section  is  traversed  from  N. 
to  S.  by  the  Louisville,  New  Orleans  <fc  Texas  Railroad,  a 
branch  of  which  also  crosses  its  S.W.  corner.  Capital,  Rose- 
dale.    Pop.  in  1870,  9732 ;  in  1880, 18,652 ;  in  1890,  29,980. 

Bolivar,  a  station  in  Jackson  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Nash- 
ville &,  Chattanooga  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Stevenson. 

Bolivar,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  776. 

Bolivar,  a  post-hamlet  of  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  about  60 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Baltimore. 

Bolivar,  a  post-village  of  Bolivar  co.,  Miss.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  15  miles  from  Chicot,  Ark.,  and  about 
125  miles  N.N.W.  of  Jackson.     It  has  a  church. 

Bolivar,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Polk  co..  Mo.,  or  the 
St.  Louis  A  San  Francisco  Railroad,  30  miles  N.  by  W.  from 
Springfield,  and  about  85  miles  S.  of  Sedalia.  It  has  5 
churches,  2  banks,  a  college  (Baptist),  public  and  private 
schools,  3  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of  wagons, 
carriages,  and  agricultural  implements.     Pop.  1485. 

Bolivar,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Boli< 


BOL 


674 


BOL 


rar  township,  11  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Friendship.     It  has  3 
ohurohes.    Pop.  about  26U0.     Nuar  here  are  many  oil-wells. 

Bolivar*  a  post-town  of  Tusoarawas  oo.,  0.,  on  the 
Tuscarawas  Hirer,  and  on  the  Ohio  Canal,  13  miles  by  rail 
B.S.B.  of  Massillon.  It  has  4  cburohvtt,  a  banli,  a  ooinmon 
■ohooi,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  in  1S90,  676. 

Bolivar,  a  post-borough  of  Westmoreland  oo.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Couomuugh  River,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania  Ilailroad, 
69  miles  U,  of  Pittiiburg.  It  has  a  town  hall,  4  churches, 
a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  kilns  for  tiro-bricks.    Pop.  41U. 

Bolivar*  a  post-village,  the  capital  of  Ilarduman  co., 
Tenn.,  is  on  the  liatohie  Uivor,  18  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Jack- 
son, and  about  68  miles  £.  from  Memphis.  It  is  at  the 
head  of  navigation  on  the  river.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank, 
Bt.  James  Female  College,  Western  Hospital  for  the  Insane, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  staves  and  woollen 
goods.     Pop.  about  120U. 

Bolivar,  a  post-village  of  Denton  co.,  Tex.,  on  Clear 
Creek,  12  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Denton.     It  has  3  churches. 
>•   Bolivar,  a  village  of  Jefl'erson  co.,  W.  Va.,  nenr  the 
Potomac  Uiver,  and  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  1 
mile  from  Harper's  Ferry  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bolivar  City  (Ciudad  Bolivar).    See  Angostura.. 

Bolivar  Point,  in  Chambers  co.,  Tex.,  at  the  N.  side 
of  the  entrance  to  Galveston  Bay,  is  the  W.  extremity  of  a 
long  and  low  peninsula.     It  has  a  light-house. 

Bolivia,  bo-liv'e-a  (Sp.  pron.  bo-lee' ve-i;  Fr.  Bolivie, 
boMeVee'),  officially,  Republica  Boli viaua,  ri-poob'le- 
k&  bo-lee-vee-i'nA,  a  South  American  republic,  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  Brazil,  on  the  E.  by  Brazil  and  Paraguay,  on 
the  S.  by  the  Argentine  Republic,  and  on  the  W.  by  Peru 
and  Chili.  It  is  mostly  included  Isetween  lat.  10°  and  22° 
6.  and  between  Ion.  58°  and  70°  W.,  and  is  about  1000  milts 
long  and  750  miles  wide.  Area  estimated  officially  at 
784,554  scjuare  miles.  Pop.  2,333,350.  Nominal  capital, 
La  Paz  ;  present  residence  of  the  government,  Sucre. 

Physical  Features. — Prior  to  the  late  war  with  Chili 
(1S79-80)  Bolivia  contained  the  highest  and  most  monn- 
tainous  country  of  the  two  Americas,  comprising  two 
parallel  chains  of  the  Andes,  the  main  chain,  and  a  more 
eastern  chain  called  the  Cordillera  Real.  As  a  result  of  that 
war,  however,  Bolivia  ceded  to  Chili  all  of  her  coast  terri- 
tory, including  these  mountain-chains,  though  the  exact 
area  of  the  territory  ceded  is  not  ascertained.  Among  the 
remarkable  features  of  Bolivia  is  a  portion  of  the  great 
table-land,  which  contains  Lake  Titicaca,  has  an  elevation 
of  12,900  feet,  and  is  enclosed  between  the  Cordillera  Real 
and  the  main  chain  of  the  Andes.  This  lake  is  about  120 
miles  long  and  700  feet  deep ;  and  its  valley  includes  Lake 
Aullagas,  which  receives  the  surplus  waters  of  Lake  Titicaca, 
through  the  river  Dosaguadero,  but  has  it^self  no  outlet. 

In  the  N.E.  part  of  Bolivia  is  an  extensive  plain  or  low- 
land covered  with  tropical  forests,  in  which  aro  found  many 
species  of  valuable  timber  trees.  This  plain  is  well  watered 
by  the  affluents  of  the  Madeira,  which  rise  in  the  Andes. 
The  principal  rivers  are  the  navigable  Paraguay,  which 
flows  southward  along  the  eastern  frontier ;  the  Pilcomayo, 
which  flows  southeastward  and  enters  the  Paraguay;  the 
Mamor6,  the  Rio  Beni  or  Paro,  the  Guapore,  and  the  Mo- 
chupa.    The  last  four  belong  to  the  basin  of  the  Amazon. 

Climate  and  Productions. — Bolivia  lies  in  the  torrid  zone, 
but  has  a  great  variety  of  climate,  depending  on  the  eleva- 
tion of  the  land.  The  mountains  are  covered  with  per- 
petual snow,  and  in  the  highest  table-lands  there  is  frost 
every  night  of  the  year,  but  the  air  is  dry  and  pure.  At 
Potosi,  which  has  an  elevation  of  about  13,400  feet,  the 
nights  are  always  piercingly  cold,  but  the  rays  of  the  sun 
are  hot  and  powerful  between  2  and  5  p.m.  Between  the 
altitude  of  9500  and  11,000  feet  the  climate  is  temperate 
and  wheat  and  maize  are  cultivated.  Perpetual  summer 
reigns  in  the  lowest  region,  called  Yunga,  comprising  all 
below  5000  feet,  which  produces  all  tropical  fruits  and  vege- 
tation. The  northern  plains  have  a  hot  and  humid  climate, 
and  are  covered  with  dense  forests.  Among  the  indigenous 
plants  aro  the  palm,  the  cinchona,  the  Theohrovia  Cacao, 
the  bamboo  or  Bambusa,  the  mat6  or  Paraguay  tea,  and  the 
Erythroxylon  or  coca.  Bolivia  also  produces  balsam,  ba- 
nanas, caoutchouc  or  rubber,  vanilla,  copal,  coffee,  cotton, 
sugar,  potatoes,  maize,  tobacco,  the  chirimoya,  farina,  and 
sarsaparilla.  The  Bolivians  chew  large  quantities  of  the 
coca-leaf,  which  is  a  powerful  stimulant. 

Geology  and  Minerals. — Granite,  porphyry,  and  trachyte 
abound  in  the  Bolivian  Andes.  Silurian  strata  aro  largely 
developed  in  different  parts.  This  republic  is  noted  for  the 
variety  and  richness  of  its  mineral  resources,  having  nu- 
merous mines  of  gold,  silver,  copper,  tin,  lead,  mercury,  and 
iron.     Coal  is  found  in  the  departments  of  Beni  and  Chu- 


quisaca.  The  silver-mines  of  Potost  have  long  been  col- 
oorated,  and  aro  among  the  richest  in  the  world.  The.<>« 
mines  are  near  the  summit  of  a  mountain  which  is  1.'>,U77 
foot  high.  Silver  was  first  discovered  here  in  1545  ;  but  at 
present  the  most  productive  silver-mines  are  those  of  Cara- 
coles, which  are  near  the  sea  and  aro  accessible  by  railway. 
Gold  is  found  in  the  Andes,  and  in  several  departments. 
The  development  of  the  mineral  resources  of  Bolivia  has 
been  hindered  by  the  distance  of  the  mines  from  navigable 
water,  and  the  expense  of  transporting  the  ore  or  mc-lul  to 
the  coast,  but  since  the  a|i|iruaoti  of  railways  and  tlio  dis- 
covery of  coal  a  great  revival  in  mining  enterprise  has 
been  noticeable.  Among  the  indigenous  animals  are  the 
jaguar,  tapir,  peccary,  armadillo,  sloth,  guanaco,  llama, 
alpaca,  chinchilla,  monkey,  and  vicuila.  The  alpaca  and 
llama  are  domesticated,  and  exist  in  large  numbers  in  the 
high  table-lands  and  mountains.  Multitudes  of  wild  cattle 
roam  over  the  grassy  plains  called  campos. 

Commerce,  <fcc. — "This  state  is  not  favorably  situated  for 
foreign  commerce,  possessing  only  a  small  extent  of  sea- 
board, and  that  in  a  desert  behind  which  the  lofty  Cordil- 
lera forms  an  almost  impassable  barrier.  Thus  the  richest 
provinces  are  nearly  isolated  and  debarred  from  intercourse 
with  foreign  countries.  There  are  few  if  any  good  roads 
in  this  country,  and  carriages  or  wheeled  vehicles  are 
almost  unknown.  Bolivia  has  in  operation,  however,  3  short 
railways,  and  one  of  the  main  outlets  of  Western  Bolivia  is 
the  Peruvian  railroad  from  Lake  Titicaca  to  the  seaport  of 
MoUendo.  The  chief  articles  of  export  are  silver,  gold, 
alpaca  wool,  guano,  coffee,  cinchona  bark,  cacao,  nutria  and 
chinchilla  fur,  leather,  hides,  copal,  vanilla,  and  nitrate  of 
soda.  The  value  of  the  products  exported  in  one  year  is 
about  $6,000,000. 

liaces.  Government,  d:c. — The  population  is  mostly  com- 
posed  of  aborigines  or  Indians,  and  mixed  races,  called 
mestizoes,  zamhoes,  and  mulattoes,  who  have  some  Spanish 
blood  mixed  with  Indian  or  negro.  Some  of  the  Indians 
are  civilized,  especially  the  Aymara  and  Quichua  tribes, 
who  are  remnants  of  the  great  Inca  nation  and  inhabit  the 
highlands  of  Western  Bolivia.  They  are  gentle,  indolent, 
reserved,  timid,  and  apathetic.  The  eastern  plains  are  in- 
habited by  tribes  of  wild  Indians  who  have  no  sympathy  or 
affinity  with  the  Aymaras  and  Quichuas.  The  predominant 
religion  of  Bolivia  is  Roman  Catholic,  and  the  prevailing 
language  is  Spanish.  The  republic  is  divided  into  8  de- 
partments, namely,  Beni,  Ctiuquisaca,  Cocbahamba,  La 
Paz,  Oruro,  Potosi,  Santa  Cruz,  and  Tarija.  The  public 
debt  in  1890  amounted  to  $5,072,121,  of  which,  $4,450,000 
was  internal  and  $622,121  foreign. 

This  republic  was  founded  in  1825,  and  named  in  honor 
of  Simon  Bolivar,  the  Liberator.  The  territory  included  in 
the  new  state  was  previously  called  Upper  Peru.  The  con- 
stitution, which  was  approved  by  Bolivar,  secured  religious 
toleration,  civil  liberty,  and  equal  rights.  The  executive 
government  consists  of  a  president,  a  vice-president,  and 
three  secretaries  of  state.  The  legislative  functions  are 
exercised  by  three  chambers, — the  senate,  the  chamber  of 
tribunes,  and  the  chamber  of  censors.  The  censors  are 
appointed  for  life.  Bolivia  has  been  disturbed  by  frequent 
revolutions  and  civil  wars. 

Bolkeiihain,  bork?n-hine\  atown  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
on  the  Neisse.     Pop.  2634. 

Bolkhov,  bol-Kov',  or  Borkhoff',  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  30  miles  N.  of  Orel,  on  the  Noogra.  It  is 
well  built,  and  has  manufactures  of  leather,  gloves,  hats, 
and  hosiery,  with  a  trade  in  hemp,  linseed  oil,  tallow,  and 
hides.     Pop.  (1883)  26,395. 

Boll,  boll,  a  village  of  Wurtemberg,  5  miles  S.W.  of 
Goppingen,  with  mineral  springs  and  baths.     Pop.  1450. 

Bollate,  bol-li'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  6 
miles  N.W.  of  Milan.     Pop.  4997. 

Bollene,  or  Bollenne,  boriain',  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  Vaucluse,  22  miles  N.  of  Avignon.  It  has 
silk-spinning  and  manufactures  of  castor-oil.     Pop.  5C93. 

BoIMing,  a  post-village  of  Butler  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Mobile  <fc  Montgomery  Railroad,  53  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mont- 
gomery.    It  has  a  church,  and  a  large  lumber-mill. 

Bollingcn,  bol'ling-?n,  or  Bolligeii,  bol'lio-en,  a 
village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  2  miles  N.E.  of  Bern. 
It  has  mineral  baths,  and  an  insane  asylum.     Pop.  3828. 

Boll'inger,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Missouri,  has 
an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  partly  drained  by 
Castor  River.  The  surface  is  hiUy  or  uneven,  and  a  large 
part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  mostly  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  pork,  Ac,  are  the  staple  products. 
Beds  of  kaolin  and  iron  ore  are  found  in  this  county,  which 
is  intersected  by  the  St.  Louis  <fc  Iron  Mountain  Railroad. 


BOL 


675 


BOL 


The  Brown  wood  <fc  Northwestern  Railwny  a1«o  extends  from 
Brownwood,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Cape  Girardeau  &  Fort  Smith 
Eailway,  to  Zalina,  in  this  county.  Capitiil,  Marble  Hill. 
Pop.  in  1870,  8162;  in  1880,  11,130;  in  1890,  13,121. 

Bollinger,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kolette  co.,  N.D.,  about 
25  miles  N.E.  of  Rughy. 

BoU'inger's  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Bollinger  co.,  Mo., 
15  miles  S.W.  of  Lutesville. 

Bollullosdei  Condado,bol-yool'yoced61kon-di'Do, 
a  town  of  Spain,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Huelva,     Pop.  3529. 

BoUweiler,  b61'*i-l§r  (French,  Bollwiller,  b6irvee'- 
yaiii'),  a  village  of  Alsace,  7  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Mill- 
hauscn.     Pop.  1227. 

Bolm,  bilm,  or  Buliom,  biil'lom,  a  district  of  British 
West  Africa,  S.S.E.  from  the  peninsula  of  Sierra  Leone, 
extending  N.  from  the  Shcrboro  River  to  Yawry  Bay,  and 
intersected  nearly  in  the  centre  by  the  8th  parallel  of  N.  lat. 

Bol'men,  a  lake  of  Sweden,  53  miles  N.N.W.  of  Chris- 
tianstad,  20  miles  long  by  7  miles  broad.  In  it  is  the  island 
of  Bolmso.     Pop.  1090. 

Bologna,  bu-16n'y&  (Fr.  Bologne,  boMon' ;  Sp.  Dolonin, 
bo-lo'ne-d;  anc.  Fclsi'iia,  Bono'iiia),  a  city  of  Italy,  capital 
of  a  province  of  the  same  name,  and  of  Emilia,  finely  situ- 
ated in  a  plain,  at  the  crossing  of  two  important  railways, 
24  miles  S.E.  of  Modena,  and  27  miles  S.AV.  of  Ferrara. 
Lat.  44°  29'  54"  N. ;  Ion.  11°  21'  E.  Elevation,  205  feet 
above  the  sea.  It  forms  an  oval,  enclosed  by  a  brick  wall, 
about  2  miles  in  length  by  IJ  miles  in  breadth,  entered  by 
12  gates,  and  intersected  by  the  Reno  Canal.  The  city  is 
interesting  for  its  rich  colonnades,  affording  a  shelter  from 
the  sun  and  rain,  its  well-paved  streets,  noble  institutions, 
and  intelligent  population.  Its  university,  one  of  the  most 
ancient  in  Europe  (founded  1119),  had  at  one  time  10,000 
students.  It  has  an  academy  of  fine  arts,  with  rich  gal- 
leries of  painting  and  sculpture,  a  grand  school  of  music, 
a  library  with  200,000  volumes,  cabinets  of  natural  history, 
an  observatory,  a  botanic  garden  (one  of  the  richest  in 
Europe) ,  and  a  museum  of  antiquity.  The  principal  churches 
are  San  Stefano,  one  of  the  oldest  in  Italy ;  the  cathedral, 
a  fine  edifice  of  the  seventeenth  and  eighteenth  centuries, 
with  paintings  by  the  Caracci ;  San  Petronio,  with  magnifi- 
cent works;  San  Domenico,  San  Bartolommeo,  Ac,  many 
of  which  date  from  the  early  centuries  of  the  Christian  era. 
The  other  principal  edifices  are  the  palazzo  publico,  the 
podesta  palace,  numerous  fine  private  palaces,  the  famous 
tower  of  Asinelli,  272  feet  high,  built  in  1110,  and  the 
leaning  tower  of  Gariscnda.  Bologna  has  numerous  hos- 
pitals, theatres,  and  schools,  manufactures  of  crape,  chemical 
products,  wa.Y  candles,  musical  instruments,  paper,  silks, 
velvets,  cards,  and  sausages,  and  a  considerable  trade.  The 
city  abounds  in  works  of  art  of  the  highest  interest.  It  is 
an  archbishop's  see.  Bologna  takes  a  prominent  place  in 
the  ancient  and  medifEval  history  of  Italy.  It  was  origi- 
nally an  Etruscan  town.     Pop.  in  1890,  143,607. 

Bologna,  a  fertile  province  of  Italy,  in  Emilia,  en- 
closed by  Ferrara,  Ravenna,  Modena,  and  Florence.  Capital, 
Bologna.     Area,  1392  square  miles.     Pop.  439,232. 

Bolonchen,  bo-lon-ch5n',  a  village  of  Mexico,  state 
of  Yucatan,  50  miles  N.E.  of  Campeachy.  It  derives  its 
name  from  two  Maya  words,  bolen,  "  nine,"  and  chen, 
"wells," — nine  wells  having  formed  from  time  immemorial 
the  centre  of  a  population,  and  these  wells  being  in  the 
plaza  of  the  village.  At  a  short  distance  from  the  village 
is  a  very  remarkable  cave.     Pop.  7000. 

Bolongo  Islands,  India.    See  Broken  Islands. 

Bolor-Tagh,  bo'loii'-t4g',  sometimes  written  Bolur- 
Tagh  or  Beloor-Tagh,  a  great  mountain-chain  of  Cen- 
tral Asia,  which  separates  the  Chinese  Empire  on  the  E. 
from  Khoondooz  and  Kafiristan  on  the  W.  It  extends  be- 
tween lat.  35°  and  45°  N.  and  Ion.  70°  and  75°  E.,  forming 
a  part  of  the  table-land  of  Pameer,  connected  with  the 
Ilindoo-Koosh  on  the  S.  and  the  Thian-Shan  Mountains  in 
the  centre.  Its  culminating  points,  between  lat.  35°  and 
40°,  are  supposed  to  exceed  19,000  feet  in  elevation.  The 
term  is  vaguely  used. 

Bolo'ta,  a  hamlet  of  San  Joaquin  co.,  CaL,  6  miles 
from  Peters  Railroad  Station. 

Bolotana,  bo-lo-ta,'nA,  a  town  of  Italy,  island  of  Sar- 
dinia, 28  miles  E.  of  Bosa.     Pop.  2905. 

Bol'sa,  a  post-hamlct  of  Orange  co.,  CaL,  12  miles  N. 
by  W.  of  Tres  Pinos.     It  has  several  stores. 

Bolsas,  bol'sis,  a  river  of  Mexico,  after  a  long  west- 
erly course,  in  a  part  of  which  it  separates  the  states  of 
Mexico  and  Michoacan,  enters  the  Pacific  Ocean  225  miles 
S.W,  of  Mexico. 

Bolscna,  bol-si'ni  (anc.  Vohin'U  or  Vohin'ium),  a 
town  of  Italy,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Viterbo,  on  the  northern 


shore  of  the  Lake  of  Bolsena.  It  was  one  of  the  12  Etrus- 
can cities,  and  there  are  extant  interesting  remains  of  the 
Roman  period.  Pop.  2690.  The  Lake  of  Bolsena  (Lacut 
Volsiniensta)  is  10  miles  long  and  8  miles  broad,  and  dis- 
charges its  waters  by  the  Marta  River  S.W.  into  the 
Mediterranean,  In  it  are  the  islands  of  Bisentina  and 
Martana. 

Bolsheretsk,  bol-shfir-8tsk',  Bolcherietz,bol-sh8r. 
y5tz',  or  Bolscherezk,  bol-sh§r-6zk',  a  seaport  town  of 
Kamchatka,  120  miles  AV.  of  Petropaulovski.     Pop.  487. 

Bolshoy'a,  or  Bolschaja-Reka,  bol-sh&'yi-rd'kjl, 
one  of  the  largest  rivers  of  Kamchatka,  flowing  into  the 
Okhotsk  Sea. 

Bolson  de  Mapimi,  bol-son'  dd  ml-pee'mee,  a  wild 
and  rocky  district  in  the  N.  part  of  Mexico,  in  the  state  of 
Durango.  Area,  nearly  60,000  square  miles.  It  is  peopled 
only  by  Indian  tribes. 

Bol'sover  (often  pronounced  bow'z^r),  a  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  Derby,  6  miles  E.  of  Chesterfield.  It  has  im- 
portant stone-quarries,  an  ancient  church,  with  a  fine  sepul- 
chral chapel  of  the  Cavendish  family,  and  a  castle,  st.ill 
habitable.     Pop.  1819. 

Bolsover,  Victoria  co.,  Ontario.     See  Balsoveu. 

Bol'ster's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co., 
Me.,  9  miles  W.  of  Oxford.     It  has  1  or  2  saw-mills. 

Bolsward,  bols-^aut',  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Friesland,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Leeuwarden.  It  has  a  Latin 
school,  manufactures  of  woollens,  and  a  large  trade  in  butter. 
Pop.  4747. 

Boltana,  bol-tin'yi,  a  town  of  Spain,  Aragon,  30  miles 
N.E.  of  Huesca,  on  the  Ara.     Pop.  1005. 

Bolton,  or  Bolton  le  Moors,  bol't^n  lo  moors,  a 
large  manufacturing  town  and  borough  of  England,  co.  of 
Lancaster,  at  the  junction  of  several  railways,  12  miles  N.W. 
of  Manchester,  and  175  miles  N.N.AV.  of  London.  It  is 
well  supplied  with  water,  and  of  late  years  has  grown 
rapidly  in  wealth  and  population.  Principal  edifices,  an 
ancient  parish  church,  several  handsome  chapels  of  ease, 
numerous  dissenting  places  of  worship,  a  grammar-school 
founded  in  1641,  a  charity  school  endowed  in  1693,  2  town 
halls,  2  cloth-halls,  a  neat  exchange,  a  theatre,  assem- 
bly- and  concert- rooms,  Ac.  It  has  several  good  libraries, 
a  mechanics'  institute,  daily  and  Sunday  schools,  and  sev- 
eral large  charity  endowments.  The  woollen  manufactures 
of  Bolton,  introduced  by  Flemings  in  1337,  were  in  a 
flourishing  state  before  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.,  but  the 
town  has  since  become  one  of  the  principal  seats  of  the 
English  cotton  manufacture.  Bolton  has  also  large  paper-, 
flax-,  and  saw-mills,  chemical  works,  and  foundries.  The 
numerous  coal  pits  wrought  in  the  vicinity,  with  canal  car- 
riage to  Manchester,  have  greatly  promoted  the  prosperity 
of  the  town.  Bolton  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of 
Commons.     Pop.  in  1881,  105,414  ;  in  1891,  115,002. 

Bolton,  bol'ton,  a  post-township  of  Tolland  co..  Conn., 
traversed  by  the  Providenpe,  Hartford  A  Fishkill  Railroad. 
Bolton  Station  on  that  road  is  17  miles  E.  of  Hartford.  It 
has  a  paper-mill,  granite-quarries,  and  2  churches.    P.  576. 

Bolton,  Cobb  CO.,  Ga.     See  Boltonville. 

Bolton,  a  township  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  868. 

Bolton,  a  station  in  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  on  the  North- 
ern Central  Railroad,  1  mile  from  Baltimore. 

Bolton,  a  post- township  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Nashua  River,  and  on  the  Boston,  Clinton  <fe  Fitchburg  Rail- 
road, 43  miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  high 
school  and  3  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  827. 

Bolton,  or  Bolton  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Hinds 
CO.,  Miss.,  on  the  Vicksburg  <fc  Meridian  Railroad,  27  miles 
E.  of  Vicksburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  ofiice,  a 
steam  gin,  and  a  wagon-factory.  About  8000  bales  of  cot- 
ton are  annually  shipped  here.  Its  post-oflSce  is  Boltoq 
Depot,  but  the  name  of  the  village  is  Bolton. 

Bolton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co..  Mo.,  20  miles 
N.W.  of  Trenton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bolton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Bolton 
township,  and  on  the  W.  shore  of  Lake  George,  about  15 
miles  W.  of  Whitehall.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1123. 

Bolton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbus  co..  N.C.,  20  miles 
E.  of  Whiteville. 

Bolton,  a  post-township  of  Chittenden  co.,  Vt.,  is  in 
tersected  by  the  Winooski  River,  and  traversed  by  the  Cen 
tral  Vermont  Railroad.  Bolton  Post-Ofiice  and  Station  is 
on  that  road,  18  miles  W.N.W.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  lumber  and  butter-tubs.     Pop.  711. 

Bolton,  Cardwell  co.,  Ontario.    See  Albion. 

Bolton  Centre,  or  Kimbolton,  a  post-village  in 
Brome  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Missisquoi  River,  14  miles  from 
AVaterloo.     Pop.  200. 


BOL 


676 


BON 


Bolton  Corners,  Ontario.    Seo  Cotswold. 

llulton   Depot,    Miwistiippi.     See  Bolto.n. 

lioltonville,  bCI't^n-vil,  a  station  of  Cobb  co.,  Qa., 
on  ilie  Cbattiboochie  River,  and  ou  tbe  Weatern  and  At- 
lantic Kailroad.  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Atlanta. 

lioltonville,  a  post-bnmlot  of  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  in  New- 
bury townnhip,  ;Ui  luiles  E.  by  S.  of  Montpelicr,  oa  tbo 
Montpelior  &  Well*  Kiver  Itailroad.  It  has  a  grist-mill 
and  a  siiw-inill. 

Uoltonville,  a  post-bamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Wis.,  7 
oiilos  N.K.  of  Barton  Station,  and  about  28  miles  S.E.  of 
Fond  du  Lao.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Uolt's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Soipiu  town!<hip,  }  of  a  mile  from  Scipio  Kailroad  Station. 

Bolt'ti  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Boyd  co.,  Ky. 

lloluudshuhur,  India.    See  Boolundshauur. 

llolvn,  bil'vi,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  N.W.  of 
tbe  government  of  Kalooga,  and,  after  a  S.  course,  joins 
tbe  Desna  near  Briansk. 

Bolzano,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Botzgn. 

Bo'inan's  Uluflf,  a  post-office  of  Henderson  co.,  N.C. 

Boinarsund,  bo'mar-8oond\  improperly  written  Bo- 
mcrsund,  formerly  an  important  fortress  of  Russia,  on 
the  S.E.  side  of  the  island  of  Aland,  near  the  little  village 
of  Bomar.  Bomarsund  was  destroyed  by  the  allied  fleets 
of  England  and  France,  August  16,  1854. 

Boinba,  bom'b&,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Aquila, 
18  miles  ^V.S.W.  of  Vasto.     Pop.  2200. 

Bombal'lo,  the  chief  town  of  Welleslcy  co.,  New 
South  Wales.     Lat.  36°  50'  S. ;  Ion.  148°  65'  E. 

Bombay,  bom^ba'  (Port.  Bom  Bahla,  hbs»  b&-ee'i,  or 
Boa  Bahia,  bo'i  bi-ee'i,  t.e.,  "  good  harbor,"  but  this  ety- 
mology is  questioned  by  many),  a  city,  seaport,  and  capital 
of  the  presidency  of  the  same  name,  on  the  island  of  Bom- 
bay (now  artificially  converted  into  a  peninsula,  all  of  which 
is  included  in  the  municipal  limits).  Lat.  18°  66'  N. ;  Ion. 
72°  63'  E.  Its  northern  parts  arc  sparsely  built.  Since 
the  opening  of  its  extensive  railway  communications,  and 
the  development  of  cotton-culture  in  India,  Bombay  has 
wonderfully  increased  in  wealth  and  importance.  At  present 
it  far  surpiisses  Madras,  and  presses  closely  upon  Calcutta, 
in  these  respects.  It  is  well  built,  with  spacious  streets,  fine 
public  and  mercantile  buildings,  and  all  the  sanitary  im- 
provements of  a  European  capital.  There  are  large  cotton- 
mills,  tanneries,  dye-works,  and  shops  for  metal-work,  as 
well  as  native  distilleries.  The  chief  exports  are  cotton, 
grain,  and  opium.  Bombay  is  the  seat  of  an  Anglican 
bishop  and  of  a  university.  It  is  connected  by  railways 
with  most  of  the  large  cities  of  India,  and  by  telegraph  cable 
and  by  steamer  lines  via  Suez  with  Great  Britain.  Many  of 
its  leading  merchants  are  Parsees.  In  point  of  health  and 
comfort  few  places  in  India  excel  Bombay.  In  the  new  town 
are  Elphinstone  College,  Sir  J.  Jejeebhoy's  hospital,  the  By- 
cuUa  church  and  club,  the  house  of  correction,  the  theatre, 
and  the  great  Hindoo  temple  of  Momba  Devi.  On  the  S.W. 
the  fort  is  connected  by  Colabba  causeway  with  the  island  of 
Colabba,  on  which  are  the  light-house,  observatory,  lunatic 
asylum,  some  mercantile  buildings,  and  a  stone  pier.  The 
harbor  of  Bombay  is  unequalled  for  safety  in  all  India.  It 
affords  good  anchorage  for  ships  of  the  largest  burden ;  on 
it  are  also  excellent  building-  and  other  docks  for  ships  of 
the  first  class.     Pop.  in  1881,  773,196;  in  1891,  804,470. 

Bombay  Island,  on  which  the  city  is  situated,  is  one  of 
a  cluster  of  islands,  and  the  largest  of  all,  except  Salsette, 
with  which  it  has  long  been  connected  by  a  mound  and 
arched  stone  bridge ;  and  since  the  construction  of  the  rail- 
way embankments  it  has  become  a  peninsula.  Area,  22 
square  miles.  It  is  11  miles  long  from  N.  to  S.,  and  3  miles 
broad,  formed  by  two  ranges  of  rock  of  unequal  length,  run- 
ning parallel  to  each  other  on  opposite  sides  of  the  island. 
The  interior  was  formerly  liable  to  be  overflowed  by  the  sea, 
which  is  now  prevented  by  substantial  works  and  embank- 
ments, but  the  lower  parts  are  still  covered  with  water 
during  the  rainy  monsoon.  On  the  S.W.  the  island  ter- 
minates in  a  rocky  peninsula  60  feet  high,  called  Malabar 
Point,  stretching  far  into  the  sea.  It  is  adorned  with  a 
pleasing  variety  of  country-seats,  interspersed  with  groves 
of  cocoanut-trees,  and  traversed  in  all  directions  by  good 
roads.  Magnificent  views  are  obtained  from  this  point. 
The  S.E.  extremity  of  the  island  again  terminates  in  a  simi- 
lar but  much  longer  projection.  Here,  also,  arc  a  number 
of  spacious  houses,  most  of  which  are  surrounded  by  small 
gardens  and  overshadowed  by  mangoes,  palms,  and  tama- 
rinds. This  island  is,  next  to  Madras,  the  oldest  of  the 
British  possessions  in  the  East.  It  was  occupied  by  Portu- 
gal in  1522,  and  was  given  to  Charles  II.  of  Great  Britain 
in  1661  as  part  of  the  dowry  of  his  queen. 


Bombay,  a  governorship  or  presidency  of  British  India, 
bounded  W.  by  the  Arabian  Sea,  and  enclosed  elsowhcrv  dj 
Beloochistan,  the  Punjab,  Kajpootana,  Indoro,  the  Ci-ntral 
Provinces,  Berar,  the  Nizam's  country,  Madras,  and  Mvxore. 
Area,  including  Sinde,  190,612  square  miles,  of  which  (i7,;t70 
belong  to  native  states.  The  country  is  marked  by  ncvpral 
mountain-ranges,  the  most  important  being  the  Wcxtorn 
Ghauts,  extending  along  the  coast.  The  well-marked  dis- 
tricts called  the  Carnatio,  the  Deccan,  the  Concan,  Guzerat, 
and  Sinde  are  among  the  natural  divisions  of  the  country. 
The  principal  rivers  are  the  Indus,  the  Nerbudda,  and  the 
Taptee.  The  Runn  of  Cutch,  a  singular  arm  of  the  sea, 
periodically  converted  into  a  marshy  desert  tract,  is  a  most 
remarkable  natural  feature.  Rice,  several  sorts  of  millet, 
wheat,  oil-seeds,  cotton,  and  other  fibres,  teak,  and  salt  are 
among  the  staple  products.  The  governorship  is  divi.lcd 
into  24  administrative  districts.  There  are  some  2000  niilot 
of  railway  and  about  5000  miles  of  telegraph-wire  inojicra- 
tion.  Manufacturing  is  quite  largely  carried  on  by  the 
natives,  and  has  of  late  been  undertaken  on  an  imjiortnnt 
scale,  European  machinery  and  capital  being  employed. 
Canital,  Bombay.     Pop.  in  1891,  18,826,820. 

llora^bay',  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Bombay  township,  about  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Malone.  It 
has  a  church.  The  township  contains  a  village  nunied 
Ilogansburg,  and  has  4  churches,  and  includes  a  part  of 
the  St.  Regis  Indian  reservatian.     Pop.  1397. 

Bombay  Hook  Island,  Kent  co.,  Del.,  has  Delaware 
Bay  on  the  E.,  and  is  divided  from  the  mainland  by  Duck 
Creek.  At  its  N.  end  stands  a  light-house,  lat.  39°  21'  46" 
N.,  lim.  75°  30'  19"  W.  Bombay  Hook  Station,  on  Dela- 
ware Bay,  is  connected  by  rail  with  Clayton,  and  is  a  sea- 
bathing resort  and  steamboat-landing. 

Bombazine  (bdm^ba-zeen')(orl{om^a8ccn')  Lake, 
Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  is  nearly  12  miles  W.  of  Rutland.  It  is 
about  8  miles  long  and  H  miles  wide. 

Bombetok,  a  bay  of  Madagascar.     See  Bembatooka. 

Bomersund,  Russia.    See  BosiAnsuND. 

Bom>Fim,  b6N»-fee>'o  (i.e.,  -'good  end"),  a  village  of 
Brazil,  province  and  95  miles  S.E.  of  Goyaz.     Pop.  800. 

Bom-Fim,  a  village  of  Brazil,  province  and  65  miles 
W.  of  Rio  Janeiro.  Pop.  3000.  Bom-Fim  is  the  name  of 
other  villages  in  the  provinces  of  Minas-Geraes  (pop.  2000), 
Maranhao,  and  Bahia. 

Bom- Jardim,  b&No-zhan-deejJ"'  (i.e.,  "good  garden"), 
a  town  of  Brazil,  province  and  210  miles  S.  of  Cear^.  Pop. 
6000,  half  of  whom  are  Indians. 

Bom- Jardim,  a  village  of  Brazil,  province  of  Bahia. 
Pop.  1200. 

Bom  -  Jesus,  b6N'«'-zhi'soos,  the  name  of  numerous  places 
in  Brazil,  all  unimportant.  Among  them  are  a  village  in 
the  province  of  Pernambuco,  three  villages  in  the  province 
of  Bahia,  and  an  island  on  the  Bay  of  Rio  Janeiro. 

Bommel,bom'mel  (Dntch,  Zalt  Bommel,  zAItbom'ra^l), 
a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  province  of  Gelderland,  on  the 
Waal,  25  miles  E.  of  Dort. 

Bommel,  or  Den  Bommel,  dSn  bom'm^l,  a  village 
of  the  Netherlands,  island  of  Overflakkee,  7  miles  W.  of 
Willemstad.     Pop.  1465. 

Bommel-Fiord,  bom'm§l-fe-ORd',  a  strait  between 
the  islands  of  Storen  and  Bommel-Oe  (bom'mel-o'?h).  on 
the  W.  coast  of  Norway.     Lat.  59°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  5°  20'  E. 

Bommelwaard,  bom'mel-'ftiiit\  an  island  of  the 
Netherlands,  province  of  Gelderland,  between  the  Waal 
and  the  Maas,  on  which  is  the  fortress  of  Loevenstein. 

Bomst,  bomst,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  and  50 
miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Posen.     Pop.  2272. 

Bom-Successo,  b6N»-soos-84'so,  or  Ibitnrunn,  ee- 
be-too-roo'ni,  a  village  of  Brazil,  province  of  Minas-Gcraes, 
250  miles  N.E.  of  Villa  Rica.    See  also  Porto  Calvo. 

Bon,  Cape,    See  Cape  Bon. 

Bona,  or  Bonah,  bo'nS,  (Fr.  BSne,  bon;  Arab.  An- 
naha  or  Beled-el-Anah ;  anc.  Hip'po-lie'ghtf),  a  fortified 
seaport  town  of  Algeria,  85  miles  N.E.  of  Constantino,  on  a 
bay  of  the  Mediterranean,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Seibous. 
Lat.  36°  53'  58"  N. ;  Ion.  7°  46'  5"  E.  It  is  the  terminus 
of  two  railways.  The  town  is  French  in  character,  having 
greatly  outgrown  its  ancient  walls,  and  has  many  new 
squares,  markets,  bazaars,  shops,  cafes,  reading-rooms,  a 
theatre,  Ac,  manufactures  of  native  clothing,  soap,  tapes- 
try, and  saddlery,  and  an  excellent  trade  in  iron  ore,  cork, 
corn,  wool,  hides,  wax,  and  coral.  S.  of  Bona  are  the  ruins 
of  Hippo-lieijius,  once  the  see  of  St.  Augustine.  Bona 
has  regular  steam  communication  with  Marseilles,  Cette, 
Algiers,  and  Tunis.  It  has  a  fine  new  arl.ificial  port.  Pop. 
in  1872,  16,196;  in  1881,  21,974;  in  1891,  29,640. 

Bonabona,  Society  Islands.    See  Bolabola. 


BON 


677 


BON 


Bonacca,  bon-ak'ki,  or  Guana;ia,  gwi-ni'Hi,  one 
of  the  Bay  Islands,  Caribbean  Sea,  Honduras,  30  miles  N. 
of  Cape  Honduras,  Lat.  16°  28'  N.;  Ion.  85°  55'  W.  It 
is  about  9  miles  long  and  from  1  to  3  miles  broad,  and  has 
a  port  called  Bonacca. 

Bon  Accord,  Johnson  co.,  Iowa.    See  South  Liberty. 

Bonai,  bo'ni',  the  southernmost  of  the  tributary  states 
of  Chuta-Nagpoor,  Bengal,  is  enclosed  by  the  native  states 
of  Gangpoor,  Bamra,  and  Keunjhar,  and  the  Singbhoom 
district.  Area,  1297  square  miles.  Pop.,  24,8.32.  It  is  a 
mountain  region,  and  is  heavily  timbered.  It  is  governed 
by  a  rajah  under  British  direction.  Capital,  Bonai  Gurh  (or 
Garh),  a  village  of  300  houses,  lat,  28°  49'  N.,  Ion.  85°  E. 

Bon^air',  a  post-hamlet  of  Howard  co.,  Iowa,  5  or  6 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Cresco. 

Bonair,  a  station  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Northeast 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  17  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia. 

Boiiair,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Chester- 
field CO.,  Va.,  8  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Richmond,    Pop.  400. 

Bon-Air,  an  island.  West  Indies.     See  Buen-Ayke. 

Bo4ian'za,  a  mining  post-town  of  Saguache  co.,  Col., 
40  miles  B.  by  S.  of  Gunnison.     Altitude,  9000  feet. 

Bonanza,  a  post-village  of  Klamath  co.,  Oregon, 
about  90  miles  B.  by  S.  from  Jacksonville. 

Bonanza  City,  a  mining  post-village  of  Chester  co., 
Idaho,  100  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Boise  City.     Pop.  400. 

Bo'naparte,  a  post-village  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Des  Moines  River,  in  Bonaparte  township,  and  on  the 
Keokuk  &  Des  Moines  Railroad,  35  miles  N.W.  of  Keokuk. 
It  h.as  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  an  academy,  and 
manufactures  of  flour,  woollen  goods,  sash,  doors,  and  blinds. 
Here  is  a  large  woollen-factory,  employing  nearly  90  bands. 
Pop.  1000;  of  the  township,  1349. 

Bon  Aqua,  ak'wa,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hickmiin  co., 
Tenn.,  about  40  miles  W.S.W.  of  Nashville,  has  a  church. 
It  is  near  the  Bon  Aqua  mineral  springs.  Bon  Aqua  Sta- 
tion is  on  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis  Railroad, 
39  miles  W.  of  Nashville, 

Bonati,  bo-nS.'tee,  a  town  of  Italy,  3  miles  N,E.  of 
Policastro,     Pop.  3038. 

Bonaventura,  South  America.     See  BuENAVEsrunA. 

Bonaventure,  bon^i^vSnHur',  a  river  of  Quebec,  emp- 
ties into  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  near  New  Carlisle.  Length, 
75  miles.  It  can  be  ascended  to  its  source  in  canoes.  It  is 
a  fine  salmon  stream.     Its  banks  are  covered  with  j)incs. 

Bonaventure,  a  county  of  Quebec,  Canada,  separated 
by  the  river  Restigouche  and  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs  from  New 
Brunswick.  Chief  town.  New  Carlisle.  Area,  3290  square 
miles.     Pop.  15,923. 

Bonaventure,  Quebec.    See  New  Richmond. 

Bonaventure  Island,  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  St. 
Lawrence,  and  in  Gasp6  co.,  Quebec,  opposite  Perec.  It  is 
2i  miles  long  by  J  of  a  mile  wide,  and  is  well  settled.  It 
forms  a  natural  breakwater  between  Perce  and  the  gulf, 

Bonaventure  River,  a  post-village  in  Bonaventure 
00.,  Quebec,  on  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  10  miles  N.W.  of  New 
Carlisle.     Pop.  150. 

Bon'aviile,  a  post-hamlet  of  McPherson  co.,  Kansas, 
23  miles  from  Salina.     It  has  a  church. 

Bonavista,  an  island  of  Africa.    Sec  Boavista, 

Bonavis'ta,  the  chief  town  of  the  district  of  Bonavista, 
Newfoundland,  on  the  east  coast,  100  miles  N.  by  AV.  of  St. 
John's,  It  is  a  port  of  entry,  and  one  of  the  oldest  settle- 
ments in  Newfoundland.     Pop.  2600. 

Bonavista  Bay,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Newfoundland. 
lat.  48°  42'  N.,  Ion.  53°  8'  W.  There  are  many  small 
Islands  and  rocks  in  the  bay,  rendering  the  navigation  both 
dangerous  and  intricate. 

Bon'brook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Va.,  about 
44  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lynchburg. 

Bond,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Illinois,  has 
Ian  area  of  about  390  square  miles.     It  is  intersected  by  Shoal 
|Creek.     The  Kaskaskia  River  touches  its  S.E.  extremity, 
the  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies 
llind  numerous  tracts  of  timber.    The  soil  is  fertile,     Indian 
•ieorn,  wheat,  oats,  and  live-stock  are  the  staple  products, 
Beds  of  coal  are  found  in  this  county,  which  is  intersected 
by  the  St,  Louis,  Vandalia  <fc  Terra  Haute  Railroad.     Capi- 
tal, Greenville.    Pop.  in  1870,  13,152;  in  1880,  14,  866;  in 

•  1890,  14,560. 
Bond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Douglas  co.,  Kansas,  in  Clinton 

•  township,  5  miles  from  Clinton  Railroad  Station, 

Bond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Louis- 
ville &  Nashville  Railroad,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Mem|)liis. 

Bondeno,  bon-di'no  (auc.  Padi'num),  a  town  of  Italy, 
11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ferrara,  Pop.,  with  surroundings, 
13,454. 


Bond  Head,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  6 
miles  from  Bradford.  It  contains  a  telegraph-oflBce,  a 
foundry,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  500, 

Bond  Head  Harbor,  Ontario.    Sec  Newcastle. 

Bond  Hill,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Hamilton  co„ 
0.,  on  the  Marietta  k  Cincinnati  Railroad,  9  miles  N.E.  of 
Cincinnati. 

Bon'din,  post-township,  Murray  co.,  Minn.     Pop,  55. 

Bondoo,  or  Bondou,  bon'doo',  a  country  in  Sene- 
gambia,  bounded  N.  by  Galam,  W,  by  Foota-Damga,  E. 
by  the  Faleme,  which  separates  it  from  Bambook,  and  S. 
by  Tenda-Maie;  extent  about  97  miles  N.  to  S.,  and  89 
miles  E,  to  W,  It  is  mostly  flat,  and  is  watered  by  nu- 
merous small  streams.  It  is  well  cultivated,  producing 
cotton,  millet,  maize,  indigo,  pistachio-nuts,  tobacco,  <fec. 
Vegetation  is  exuberant,  and  there  are  extensive  forests. 
Iron  abounds,  but  is  not  worked,  and  also  some  gold  is  ob- 
tained. The  people  have  horses,  cattle,  and  sheep.  Wild 
beasts  are  numerous.  The  natives  are  spirited,  brave,  and 
(for  Africans)  industrious ;  weaving  is  carried  on  to  some 
extent,  chiefly  of  long  and  narrow  slips  of  cotton,  which, 
besides  being  made  up  into  garments,  serve  as  currency. 
The  Bondoo  people  are  chiefly  Foolahs,  but  include  several 
tribes ;  many  of  them  can  read  and  write  Arabic,  and 
nearly  all  are  Mohammedans.     Pop,  about  1,500,000. 

Bond''s,  a  station  in  McCracken  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Padu- 
cah  &  Memphis  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Paducah. 

Bond's,  a  seaside  resort  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  in  Eagle- 
wood  township,  on  Long  Beach  Island,  2  miles  by  steamer 
from  Long  Beach, 

Bond's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Twiggs  co,,  Ga„  3 
miles  from  No.  18  (Reid's)  on  the  Macon  &  Brunswick 
Railroad,     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Bond's  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Anderson  co,,  Ky..  on  Salt 
River,  19  miles  S.  of  Frankfort.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a 
saw-mill. 

Bond's  Mills,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Wexford 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Grand  Rapids  &,  Indiana  Railroad,  6 
miles  N.  of  Cadillac.     Here  is  a  lumber-mill. 

Bond's  Mines,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co..  Mo.,  35 
miles  from  Tipton  Railroad  Station,     It  has  load-mines. 

Bond's  Vil'lage,  a  post-village  of  Hampden  co,, 
Mass.,  in  Palmer  township,  on  the  Swift  River,  and  on  the 
Springfield,  Athol  k  Northeastern  Railroad,  19  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Springfield.  It  has  a  church,  a  cotton-factory,  a  paper- 
mill,  a  gristmill,  &c. 

Bontlu'el,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shawano  co..  Wis.,  20  miles 
N.  of  Seymour  Railroad  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bondues,  b6N"Mli',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Nord,  5  miles  N.  of  Lille.     Pop.  3300. 

Bon  Du^rant',  apost-hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa,  13  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  and 
several  stores  and  other  business  houses.    Pop.  about  200. 

Bond'ville,a  post-office  and  station  of  Champaign  co,, 
111.,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  k  Western  Railroad, 
7  miles  W.  of  Champaign.     It  has  a  church. 

Bondville,  Mass.     See  Bond's  Viixagk, 

Bondville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bennington  co,,  Vt,,  in 
Winhall  township,  11  miles  E.  of  Manchester.  It  has  a 
church,  a  tannery,  and  a  manufactory  of  chair-stocks, 

Bondy,  b6N»-dce',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Seine,  7  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Paris,  near  the  forest  of 
Bondy,  with  numerous  country  residences.     Pop.  1023. 

Bone,  a  town  of  Algeria.    See  Bon'A. 

Bone  Cave,  a  post-office  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Tenn.,  8J 
miles  from  Spencer, 

Bonefro,  bo-ni'fro,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Campo- 
basso,  6i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Larino.     Pop.  4453. 

Bone  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Edwards  co.,  111.,  7  miles 
N.  of  Albion.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bonei,  a  state  of  India.    See  Bonai. 

Bonesecour  Bay.    See  Bonsecours  Bat. 

Bon'iield,  a  post-village  of  Kankakee  co,,  111.,  11  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Kankakee.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  300. 

Bon'fils  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  St,  Louis  co.,  Mo,, 
on  the  Missouri  River,  20  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  St,  Louis. 
It  has  a  church, 

Bonfouca,  bon'foo'ki,  a  scattering  village  of  St.  Tam- 
many parish.  La.,  1\  miles  W.  of  Slidell,     Pop.  200. 

Bong,  or  Pong,  a  province  of  Burmah.    See  Pong. 

Bon'gard',  a  post-office  of  Carver  co.,  Minn. 

Bongard's  Corners,  a  post-village  in  Prince  Edward 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  Quinte  Bay,  9  miles  from  Picton.    Pop.  200. 

Bongay,  Bangey,  bon-gi'.  or  Eangavi,  bin-gi'vee, 
an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Cel- 
ebes; lat.  (S,  point)  2°  10'  S„  Ion,  123°  53'  E,  It  gives 
name  to  a  group  of  about  100  islets. 


BON 


678 


BON 


BMlf  o,  Philippine  Islands.    See  BuirwooL. 
BOBltOOS,  bon'goos',  a  town  of  Sumatra,  W.  coast,  on  a 
bay  of  the  same  nnino,  a  few  miles  S.  of  Padang. 

Bonham.  bon'ain,  a  post-villajje,  capital  of  Fannin  co., 
Tex.,  is  on  tne  Bois  d'Arc  Creeit,  in  a  fertile  pmirie,  27 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Sherman.  It  lies  about  11  milos  S.  of 
Red  River,  and  70  miles  N.N.B.  of  Dallas.  It  has  9 
ehurches,  3  banks,  2  oollegcs,  2  flour-mills,  and  manufac- 
tures of  harness,  wagons,  &e.  One  daily  and  3  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop.  in  187U,  928 ;  in  188U, 
1880;  in  1890,  3400. 

Bon'hill,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  3  miles  N.  of 
Dumbarton.  Smollett  was  born  at  fionhill  Mansion-IIouse 
in  1721.     Pop.  2510. 

Bonhomme,  bon-hom',  a  county  near  the  S.S.E.  part 
of  South  Dakota,  has  an  area  of  540  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Missouri  River.  The  surface  is 
mostly  prairie;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
oats,  and  hny  are  the  chief  products.  It  is  traversed  by 
the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad.  Capital, 
Tyndiill.  Pop.  in  1870,  608;  in  1880,  5468;  in  1890,  9057. 
Bonhomme,  a  post-villnge  of  Bonhomme  en.,  S.D., 
on  the  north  bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  22  miles  W.  of 
Ynnkton.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Bonhomme^  a  post-township  of  St.  Louis  co..  Mo., 
includes  the  villages  of  Ballwin  and  Manchester.    Pop.  6162. 
Bonhomme,  Col  du.    See  Col  ou  Boxhomme. 
Boni,   bo'nec,  or   Bony  (called   by   the    inhabitants 
Sewa),  a  territory  in  the  S.W.  peninsula  of  the  island  of 
Celebes,  on  the  west  side  of  the  gulf  of  the  same  name,  N. 
of  Boolekomba,  about  80  miles  in  length,  and  stretching 
from  a  half  to  two-thirds  across  the  peninsula.     The  N. 
part  is  beautiful  and  fertile,  producing  rice,  sago,  and  cassia. 
The  inhabitants  excel  in  the  working  of  gold,  iron,  and  cotton, 
in  which  they  trade  with  the  whole  archipelago.   The  ancient 
institutions  of  Boni  are  remarkable  for  their  near  approach 
to  constitutional  monarchy,  but  the  country  is  now  a  Dutch 
colony.     Its  people  are  of  the  Bugis  race,  and  are  Moham- 
medans, with  a  written  language.     Chief  town,  Boni.    Lat. 
1°  37'  S. ;  Ion.  126°  32'  E.     Pop.  200,000. 
Bonie,a  state  of  India.     See  Bo.nai. 
Bonifacio,  bo-ne-fi'cho,  a  fortified  seaport  town  of 
Corsica,  on  a  small  peninsula  in  the  str.ait  of  same  name,  85 
miles  by  road  S.S.E.  of  Ajaccio.     It  has  a  secure  harbor,  an 
arsenal,  a  light-house,  and  a  considerable  trade.    Pop.  3496. 
Bonifati,  bo-ne-fi'tee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
28  miles  N.W.  of  Cosenza.     Pop.  3329. 

Bon'ifay,  a  post-town  of  Ilolmes  co.,  Fla.,  28  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  De  Funiak  Springs.    It  has  a  church.    Pop.  200. 
Bonillo,  bo-neel'yo,  a  town  of  Spain,  34  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Albacete.     Pop.  4220. 

Bonin,  bo-neen',  or  Arzobispo  (aR-so-bees' po) 
Islands,  a  group  in  the  Magellan  Archipelago,  North 
Pacific,  between  lat.  26°  30'  and  27°  44'  N.  and  Ion.  140° 
and  143°  E.,  consist  of  three  groups,  the  most  northerly 
called  Parry  Islands,  and  the  most  southerly,  Baily  Islands. 
The  principal  of  the  central  group  are  Peel  and  Kater 
Islands,  at  the  former  of  which  some  English  and  other 
Europeans  are  settled,  as  well  as  some  natives  of  the  Sand- 
wich Islands.  The  Japanese  have  a  claim  upon  these  islands, 
and  have  made  some  attempts  at  colonization.  Area,  32 
square  miles. 

Bonito,  bo-nee't&,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Avel- 
lino,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Ariano.     Pop.  3507. 

Bonmahon,  a  village  of  Ireland.    See  Bunmahox. 
Bonn,  bonn,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  4  miles  N.  of 
Freyburg,  on  the  Saane,  with  mineral  springs. 

Bonn,  bonn  (L.  Bon'na),  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Rhine,  15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cologne,  with 
which  it  communicates  by  the  river  and  by  railway.  Bonn 
is  the  seat  of  a  celebrated  university,  founded  in  1818,  and 
occupying  an  old  castle  of  the  Electors  of  Cologne.  It 
has  a  library  of  200,000  volumes,  with  a  museum  of  Rhen- 
ish antiquities.  Connected  with  the  university  are  an  ob- 
servatory, a  rich  botanic  garden,  and  museum  of  natural 
history  with  an  extensive  collection  of  minerals,  and  a 
school  of  agriculture,  with  an  experimental  farm,  at  the 
ehiteau  of  Poppelsdorf.  Bonn  has  an  active  commerce, 
and  manufactures  of  cotton,  silk,  and  tobacco.  It  is  a  very 
ancient  town,  and  has  a  venerable  cathedral  and  town 
hospital;  it  has  also  many  private  educational  establish- 
ments. Its  environs  are  very  beautiful.  It  is  the  seat  of 
an  Old  Catholic  bishop.  Pop.  in  1880,  31,514;  in  1890, 
39.801. 

Bonn,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  0.,  in  Salem  town- 
ship, 2  miles  from  Whipple  Railroad  Station.  There  are 
churches  near  this  place. 


Bonn'afon,  a  xtation  within  the  limits  of  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  on  the  Philadel]ihia,  Wilmington  A  Baltimore  Railroad, 
4  miles  from  its  initial  station. 

Bonnat,  bon'nl',  a  town  of  France,  dtpartmcnt  of 
Creuse,  11  milos  N.  of  Gufrct.     l»op.  2712. 

Bonncau's  (bon-nnz')  Depot,  a  small  post-villnge  of 
Berkeley  co.,  S.C,  on  the  Northeastern  Railroad,  37  miles 
N.  of  Charleston.     It  has  a  church  and  pevenvl  etorcH. 

Bonneauville,  bon'no-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  36  miles  S.  by  W.  of  liarrisburg.  It  hits  2 
churches  and  a  plough -factorj-. 

Bonne  (bon)  Bay,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Newfoundland, 
is  a  deep  indentation  running  south eaf<twurd  into  the  hind, 
about  Int.  49°  30'  N.,  Ion.  58°  W.  At  the  distance  of  about 
6  miles  from  the  entrance  it  splits  into  two  parts,  the  East 
Arm  and  the  South  Arm.  It  is  much  frequented  by  United 
States  and  Nova  Scotia  fishermen  on  account  of  its  herring. 

Bonnechere  (bon'shair')  Point,  Castleford,  or 
Ferrall's  Landing,  a  post-village  in  Renfrew  co..  On- 
tario,  on  the  Ottawa,  at  the  mouth  of  Bonnechere  River, 
and  6  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Sand  Point.     Pop.  100. 

Bonne  Femme  (bon^faim')  Creek,  of  Missouri, 
flows  through  Howard  co.,  and,  passing  the  county  seat, 
falls  into  the  Missouri  about  6  miles  below  Booneville. 

Bon'ner  Springs,  a  post-town  of  Wyandotte  co., 
Kansas,  on  the  Kansas  River,  17  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Kan- 
sas City.  It  has  several  church  organizations,  a  public 
school,  and  a  canning-factory.     Pop.  about  300. 

Bonn^table,  bon'ni-tib'l',  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Sarthe,  on  the  Dives,  and  on  a  railway,  15  miles 
N.E.  of  Le  Mans.     Pop.  4855. 

Bonnet  Carr6,  bon'net  kir'ree  or  bon^ni'  karVi',  a 
post-village  of  St.  John  Baptist  parish.  La.,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Mississippi  River,  about  44  miles  above  New 
Orleans,  and  1^  miles  from  the  New  Orleans,  Mobile  di 
Texas  Railroad.     It  has  a  newspaper  office. 

Bonne  Terre,  bSn  tair,  a  post-town  of  St.  Frangois 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  a  railroad,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Farminglon.  It 
has  extensive  lead-mines  and  furnaces,  6  churches,  a  bank, 
public  schools,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  3719. 

Bonneville,  bonnVeeV  (L.  Donnop'oUaf),  a  town  of 
France,  in  llaute-Savoie,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Arve,  15 
miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Geneva.     Pop.  2127. 

Bonneville,  bon'vil,  a  station  in  AVeber  co.,  Utah,  on 
the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Ogden. 

Bon'nie  Brook,  a  hamlet  of  Butler  co.,  Pa,,  in  Sum- 
mit township,  on  the  Kams  City  &  Butler  Railroad,  4 
miles  E.  of  Butler.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 
Coal  and  oil  are  found  near  it. 

Bonnienx,  bon^ne-uh',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Vaucluse,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Apt.     Pop.  2534. 

Bon'nieville,  a  post-village  of  Hart  co.,  Ky.,'24  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Elizabethtown.  It  has  a  church.  Coal  and 
iron  abound.     Pop.  250. 

Bonnigheim,  bon'niG-hIme\  atown  of  Wiirtemberg, 
19  miles  N.N.W.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  2447. 

Bon'niwel  I 's  Mil  Is,  a  post-office  of  Meeker  co.,  Minn. 

Bon'not's  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Osage  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  112  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Bonny,  bon'nee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loiret,  on  the 
Loire,  12  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Gien,     Pop.  2567. 

Bon'ny  £agie,  e'g'l,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co., 
Me.,  on  the  Saco  River,  about  20  miles  W.  of  Portland.  It 
has  a  church,  a  lumber-mill,  <S;c. 

Bonny,  or  Boni,  a  town  of  Africa,  on  the  E.  bank  of 
the  Bonny  River,  near  its  mouth.  It  stands  in  a  pestilen- 
tial swamp,  and  is  inhabited  by  degraded  savages,  but  ex- 
ports much  palm  oil,  and  once  had  a  great  trade  in  slaves. 

Bon'ny  River,  one  of  the  arms  of  the  Niger  delta  be- 
tween the  Old  and  New  Calabar  Rivers,  enters  the  Bight  of 
Biafra  in  lat.  4°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  7°  10'  E.  The  country 
around  this  river  is  a  swamp,  little  above  the  level  of  the 
ocean,  and  very  unhealthy. 

Bono,  bo'no,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sardinia,  44 
miles  S.E.  of  Sassari.     Pop.  2836. 

Bo'no,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  East 
Fork  of  White  River,  in  Bono  township,  2i  miles  from  Tun- 
nelton  Station,  and  about  44  miles  N.W.  of  New  Albany. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1005. 

Bonoa,  bo-no'i,  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
with  a  Dutch  trading-station,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Coram. 

Bonouia,  the  ancient  name  of  Bologna. 

Bonorva,  bo-noR'v4,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sar- 
dinia, 28  miles  S.S.E.  of  Sassari.     Pop.  5208, 

Bon'pasS  a  township  of  Richland  co.,  111.,  about  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Olney.     Pop.  891. 

Bonpas  Creek,  Illinois,  rises  in  Richland  co.,  ruBI 


BON 


679 


BOO 


mthward,  and  forms  the  boundary  between  Edwards  and 

^abash  COS.  until  it  enters  the  Wabash  River  at  Grayville. 
(i  Bon'sacks.  a  post-village  of  Koanoke  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Ltlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Kailroad,  47  miles  W.  of  Lynch- 

irg.     It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Bonseconrs  or  Bonesecours  (bone'se-koor')Bay, 
Llabama,  a  triangular  arm  on  the  E.  side  of  Mobile  Bay. 

Bonsville,  Oxford  co.,  Ontario.     See  Chesterfield. 

Bonthain,  bonHine'  or  bonH'hine',  a  town  of  the  island 
^f  Celebes,  in  a  territory  of  the  same  name,  at  the  S.  ex- 
remity  of  the  W.  peninsula,  with  a  Dutch  fort  and  a  good 

irbor,  35  miles  S.E.  of  Macassar.  Lat.  6°  29'  N.  j  Ion. 
119°  63'  E. 

BonHon',  a  post-hamlet  of  Kendall  co.,  Tex.,  40  miles 

)m  San  Antonio.     It  has  a  church. 

Bo'nus,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Boone  co..  111., 

miles  N.E.  of  Belvidere.  The  township  contains  Garden 
•rairie.     Pop.  1164. 

Bony,  a  territory  of  the  island  of  Celebes.     See  BoNi. 

Bonyhad,  bon^yod',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Tolna, 
miles  N.E.  of  Fiinfkirchen.     Pop.  5610. 

Boo,  a  group  of  islands.     See  Bo. 

Boo'by  Island,  a  rock  in  Torres  Strait,  lat.  10°  36' 

,  Ion.  141°  52'  50"  E.,  containing  a  depot  of  provisions 
'  and  water  left  by  vessels  passing,  for  the  use  of  those  who 
have  been  wrecked. 

Boodroom,  Bondroum,  bo^droom',  or  Bodrun, 
boMroon'  (anc.  Ifalicarnas'gus),  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  on 
the  north  shore  of  the  Gulf  of  Cos,  96  miles  S.  of  Smyrna. 
Lat.  37°  2'  21"  N. ;  Ion.  27°  25'  18"  E.  It  has  a  small  but 
good  harbor,  in  which  ships  of  war  are  built.  The  streets 
are  narrow  and  dirty ;  bazaars  poor ;  houses  of  stone,  and 
interspersed  with  gardens.  Principal  edifices,  a  castle,  built 
by  the  knights  of  Rhodes,  a  governor's  residence,  and  some 
mosques,  with  extensive  remains  of  antiquity. 

Boodroom,  a  ruined  city  of  Anatolia,  6  miles  S.  of 
Isbarta,  having  remains  of  7  or  8  temples,  a  theatre,  <fec. 

Boo'dy,  a  post-village  of  Macon  co.,  111.,  in  Blue  Mound 
township,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Decatur. 
It  has  several  churches. 

Boofareek,  Boufarik,  or  Bufarik,  boo-fi-reek',  a 
beautiful  town  of  Algeria,  22  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Algiers. 
It  has  a  celebrated  weekly  fair.     Pop.  5288. 

Boogoolma,  Bougoulma,  or  Bugulma,  boo- 
gool'mi,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Orenboorg,  130 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Oofa.  It  has  an  active  trade  in  cotton 
and  woollen  fabrics,  and  two  large  annual  fairs.    Pop.  5455. 

Boogoorooslan,  Bougourouslan,  or  Bugu- 
ruslan,  boo^goo-roos'lin,  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  177  miles  E.  of  Samara.     Pop.  7440. 

Booinsk,  Bouinsk,  or  Buinsk,  boo-insk'  or  bo- 
censk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  68  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Simbeersk.     Pop.  4165. 

Boojnoord,  Boudjnourd,  or  Bndschnurd,  booj^- 
nooRd',  a  town  of  Persia,  in  Khorassan,  160  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Astrabad.     Lat.  37°  28'  N. ;  Ion.  57°  15'  E.     Pop.  8000. 

Bookaria,  boo-kil're-i,  a  town  of  Sierra  Leone,  100 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Freetown.     Lat.  9°  38'  N. ;  Ion.  12°  31'  W. 

Boo'ker's  Landing,  a  steamboat-landing  in  Queen 
Anne  co.,  Md.,  9  miles  from  Centreville. 

Boo'ker's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Tyler  co.,  W.  Va.,  12 
miles  from  West  Union. 

Bookhtarminsk,  Bonkhtarminsk,  or  Bukh- 
tarminsk,  booK-taR-minsk',  a  fortress  of  Asiatic  Russia, 
government  and  480  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Tomsk,  on  the  Irtish, 
at  the  influx  of  the  Bookhtarma  River.     Pop.  800. 

Bookit  Barisan,  or  Bukit  Barisan,  boo'kit  b3,Ve- 
sin',  a  chain  of  mountains  in  Sumatra,  running  the  whole 
length  of  the  island. 

Boolak,  Boulac,  or  Bulak,  booM8,k',  a  town  of 
Egypt,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Nile,  at  the  divergence  of 
its  Pelusiac  branch,  1  mile  N.W.  of  Cairo,  of  which  it  forms 
a  suburb,  and  opposite  the  island  of  the  same  name.  It  is  the 
port  of  Cairo,  at  which  ships  navigating  the  Nile  discharge 
their  cargoes.  It  has  large  cotton  spinning-,  weaving-, 
and  printing-works,  a  school  of  engineering,  a  noble  museum 
of  antiquities,  a  great  paper-mill,  and  the  national  printing, 
lithographic,  and  machine-shops.  Across  the  Nile  is  the 
town  of  Boolak-el-Dakroor,  with  a  railway  junction. 

Booidanah,  Bouldanah,  or  Buldana,  bool-di'ni, 
a  district  of  British  India,  in  West  Berar,  with  capital  of 
the  same  name.    Area,  2807  square  miles.     Pop.  365,779. 

Boolekomba,  boo-le-kom'bi,  a  territory  of  the  S.W. 
part  of  the  island  of  Celebes. 

Boolekomba  Point  (called  also  Cape  Lassoa  or 
Borak),  the  S.E.  point  of  the  W.  peninsula  of  Celebes. 
Lat.  5°  35'  S.J  Ion.  120°  27'  E. 


Boolundshahnr,  booMund-sh&'hSr,  or  Buland> 
shahr,   booMund-shar',   a  district  of   India,   in   Meerut 

(North-West  Provinces).  Lat.  28°  3'-28°  43'  N. ;  Ion.  77° 
28'-78°  32'  E.  Principal  rivers,  the  Ganges  and  Jumna. 
Area,  1910  square  miles.  Capital,  Boolundshahnr.  Pop. 
936,593. 

Boolundshahnr,  Boolundshuhur,  or  Buland- 
shahr,  called  also  Burrun  and  Baran,  bur-run',  a  town, 
capital  of  the  above,  in  lat.  28°  24'  N.,  Ion.  77°  56'  E.,  is  on 
the  Kalee  Nuddee,  and  on  the  road  from  Delhi  to  Bareilly. 
Pop.  14,804. 

Boom,  home,  a  town  of  Belgium,  10  miles  S.  of  Ant- 
werp, on  the  Rupel.  It  has  the  most  extensive  brick-  and 
tile-works  in  the  kingdom.     Pop.  10,064. 

Boom'er,  township,  Pottawattamie  co.,  Iowa.     P.  657. 

Boomer,  a  post-oflice  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C. 

Boona,  or  Buna,  boo'ni,  a  town  of  the  Umballah  dis- 
trict, Punjab,  British  India.     Pop.  8351. 

Boonarbashee,  Bounarbachi,  or  Bnnarba> 
schi,  boo^nar'bi'shee,  a  small  river  of  Asia  Minor,  trav- 
ersing the  plain  of  Troy.  It  is  identified  by  some  authors 
with  the  Scamander  of  Homer,  and  by  others  with  the 
Simoia  ;  but,  according  to  Schliemann,  neither  are  correct. 

Boonarbashee, Bounarbachi,orBunarba$chi, 
a  village  of  Asia  Minor,  at  the  extremity  of  the  plain  of 
Troy,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  the  Sigaean  promontory.  It  haa 
been  supposed  by  some  to  be  on  the  site  of  ancient  Troy. 

Boondee,  Boundi,  or  Bundi,  boon'dee',  a  state  of 
Hindostan,  tributary  to  the  British,  in  Rajpootana.  Lat.  24° 
68'-25°  65'  N.,  Ion.  75°  23'-76°  36'  E.  Area,  2291  square 
miles.    Principal  towns,  Boondee  and  Patun.    Pop.  224,000. 

Boondee,  a  city  of  Hindostan,  capital  of  the  abo%'e 
state,  88  miles  S.E.  of  Ajmcer.  It  consists  of  a  new  and 
an  old  town,  the  former  enclosed  by  a  high  stone  wall.  Old 
Boondee,  W.  of  the  foregoing,  is  large,  but  decaj'ing. 

Boone,  boon,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Arkansas,  has 
an  area  of  about  725  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by  AVhite 
River,  and  also  drained  by  Crooked  Creek.  The  surface  is 
undulating,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil 
is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  pork,  and  live-stock  are  the 
staple  products.  The  rocks  comprise  sandstones,  oherty 
limestones,  shales,  <fec.  Its  timl)cr-trees  are  bhick-jack,  oak, 
hickory,  elm,  walnut,  sycamore,  and  pine.  Eureka  Springs, 
in  Carroll  co.,  is  its  nearest  railroad  point.  Capital,  Har- 
rison.   Pop.  in  1870,7032;  in  1880,12,146;  in  1890,  15,816. 

Boone,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Illinois,  bordering 
on  Wisconsin,  has  an  area  of  270  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Kishwaukee  River.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating, and  is  diversified  by  prairies  and  woodlands;  the 
soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  hay  are 
the  staple  products.  Silurian  limestone  underlies  part  of 
the  surface.  This  county  is  traversed  by  branches  of  the 
Chicago  &  Northwestern  and  the  Illinois  Central  Railroads. 
Capital,  Bolvidere.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,942;  in  1880,  11,508; 
in  1890,  12,203. 

Boone,  a  county  near  the  central  part  of  Indiana,  has 
an  area  of  about  410  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Eagle 
and  Sugar  Creeks.  The  surface  is  partly  level  and  partly 
undulating,  and  is  e-ictensively  covered  with  forests  of  the 
oak,  ash,  beech,  sugar-maple,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is 
deep  and  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  horses,  cattle,  wool, 
Ac,  are  the  staple  products  of  this  county,  which  is  trav- 
ersed from  N.W.  to  S.E.  by  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati  <fc  St. 
Louis  Railway  ("Big  Four  Route"),  and  by  the  Midland 
Railway,  which  joins  the  former  at  Lebanon,  the  capital 
of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  22,593;  in  1880,  25,922;  in 
1890,  26,572. 

Boone,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Iowa,  has 
an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Des 
Moines  River,  and  also  drained  by  Beaver  and  Montgomery 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating;  the  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products. 
Beds  of  coal  are  found  in  this  county,  which  is  traversed  by 
the  Iowa  division  of  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad. 
Capital,  Boone.  Pop.  in  1870,  14,584;  in  1880,  20,838;  in 
1890,  22,772. 

Boone,  a  county  in  the  N.  p.art  of  Kentucky,  has  an 
area  of  about  300  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
and  W.  by  the  Ohio  River,  which  here  makes  the  "Great 
North  Bend,"  The  surface  is  mostly  hilly  ;  the  soil  is  fer- 
tile, and  is  based  on  blue  or  Trenton  limestone  of  the  Silu- 
rian formation.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  pork,  and  hay  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Louis- 
ville, Cincinnati  &  Lexington  Railroad.  Capital,  Burling- 
ton.   Pop.  in  1870, 10,696;  in  1880,11,996;  in  1890,12,246. 

Boone,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Missouri,  hiis 
an  area  of  about  610  square  miles.     It  is  bounded  on  the 


BOO 


080 


BOO 


S.\7.  b^  the  Missouri  Rivor,  and  on  the  K.  bj  Cedar  Greek, 
and  \»  intersected  by  Roche  Purc£e  Crook.  The  surfooe  is 
unduhkting  or  hilly,  and  is  divor!iiQo<.l  by  prairies  and  tracts 
of  timber,  which  id  abundant.  The  soil  is  highly  productive. 
The  Ftaplo  products  are  Indian  corn,  whotit,  oats,  pork,  and 
eattle.  Among  the  forest  trees  are  the  wliite  nsh,  elm,  hick- 
ory, sugar-muplo,  blue  ash,  black  walnut,  white  ouk,  niid 
wild  cherry.  Oarbunifuruus  limestone  and  magncsian  lime- 
stone (Lower  Silurian)  underlie  parts  of  tho  soil,  and  supply 
good  materials  for  building.  Bituminous,  coal  is  found  in 
this  county.  A  branch  railroad  connects  Columbia,  which 
is  the  capital,  with  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &•  Northern 
Railroad.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,765;  in  18S0,  25,422;  in  1890, 
26.04.1. 

Boone,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Nebraska, 
bos  an  area  of  about  700  square  miles.  It  is  watered  by 
the  Leaver,  Cedar,  and  Shell  Creeks,  affluents  of  the  Loup 
River.  The  surface  is  on  undulating  prairie.  It  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Fremont,  Elkhorn  &  Missouri  Valley  Railroad 
and  the  Omaha  A  Republican  Valley  Branch  of  tho  Union 
Pacifio  Railroiid,  which  connect  at  Albion,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1880,  4170;  in  ISaO,  8683. 

lloone,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  We?t  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  550  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
part  of  the  N.E.  by  the  Coal  River  Mountains,  while  the 
Pond  Mountains  complete  the  E.  boundary  and  extend 
some  8  or  10  miles  into  the  interior.  The  Quyandotte  range 
forms  its  S.  boundary,  and  the  Spruce  Fork  lUdge  borders  it 
on  the  W.  The  Big  and  Little  Coal  Rivers  and  their  numer- 
ous forks  drain  tho  surface  of  the  county,  which  is  partly 
hilly  and  partly  mountainous,  and  is  mostly  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  in  some  parts  is  fertile,  and  produces 
Indian  corn  and  posture.  13ed8  of  bituminous  coal  have 
been  opened  in  this  county.  Capital,  Madison.  Pop.  in 
1870,  455.S;  in  1S80,  5824;  in  1890,  6885. 

Boone,  a  township  of  Boone  co.,  III.     Pop.  15.36. 

Boone,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1262. 

Boone,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  494.  It 
comprises  Alton. 

Boone,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1870. 
It  contains  Laconia. 

Boone,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1078. 
It  includes  Independence. 

Boone,  a  township  of  Porter  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1215. 

Boone,  a  township  of  Warrick  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  4042. 
It  includes  Booneville,  the  county  seat. 

Boone,  a  city  of  Boone  co.,  Iowa,  at  the  junction  of 
the  Chicago  <t  Northwestern  and  the  Des  Moines  &  North- 
ern Railways,  42  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Des  Moines. 
It  contains  a  high  and  a  graded  school,  3  banks,  14 
churches,  2  machine-shops,  4  flouring-mills,  4  carriage- 
shops,  a  glove-factory,  3  tobacco-factories,  a  saddlery  and 
harness-factory,  a  pork-packing  house,  paving-brick-  and 
tile-works,  coal-mines,  Ac.  It  has  a  daily  and  5  weekly 
newsp.aper  oflRces.     Pop.  6520. 

Boone,  a  township  of  Dallas  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  836. 

Boone,  a  township  of  Hamilton  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  2262. 
It  includes  Webster  City,  the  county  seat. 

Boone,  a  township  of  Wright  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  178. 

Boone,  a  township  of  Crawford  co..  Mo.     Pop.  839. 

Boone,  a  township  of  Douglas  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  839. 

Boone,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1655. 

Boone,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1692. 

Boone,  a  township  of  Maries  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  692. 

Boone,  a  township  of  Texas  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  323. 

Boone,  a  township  of  Wright  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  123. 

Boone,  a  post-office  of  Boone  co.,  Neb.,  40  miles  N.AV. 
of  Columbus. 

Boone,  a  township  of  Davidson  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1311, 

Boone,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Watauga  co.,  N.C, 
85  miles  W.N.W.  of  Salisbury.  It  is  near  the  N.W.  base 
of  the  Blue  Ridge.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  144. 

Boone  Court-House,  West  Virginia.   See  Madison. 

Boone  River,  Iowa,  runs  southward,  drains  parts  of 
Wright  and  Hamilton  cos.,  and  enters  the  Des  Moines  River 
20  miles  S.E.  of  Fort  Dodge.     Length  about  100  miles. 

Boonesborough,  boonz'bilr-rub,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Boone  co.,  Iowa.,  about  2  miles  W.  oi'  the  city  of  Boone. 

Boone's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Va., 
about  18  miles  S.  of  Big  Lick.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Boonesville,  a  post-office  of  Albemarle  co.,  Va. 

Booneville,boon'vil,  a  post-village  of  Logan  CO.,  Ark., 
on  the  Petit  Jean  River,  about  38  miles  S.E.  of  Fort  Smith. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  steam  flour-mill. 

Booneville,  a  post-village  of  Pueblo  co..  Col.,  on  the 
Arkansas  River,  about  20  miles  below  Pueblo. 


Booneville,  a  post-village  of  Dallas  co.,  Iowa,  in  Boono 
township,  15  miles  W.  of  Dos  Moines,  and  nearly  2  mili^s 
N.  of  the  Raccoon  River.  It  is  on  tho  Chicago,  Rock  Island 
&  Pacific  Railroad.     It  has  a  church. 

Booneville,  or  Boonesville,  a  post-village,  capital 
of  Owsley  CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  South  Fork  of  tho  Kentucky 
River,  about  60  miles  S.E.  of  Lexington.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  tunnory,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  111. 

Booneville,  or  Boonvillc,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Prentiss  co..  Miss.,  on  tho  Mobile  <t  Ohio  Railroad,  21  unlet 
S.  of  Corinth,  and  308  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Mobile.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  female  institute,  a  high  school,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  about  700. 

Booneville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co..  Pa.,  about 
16  miles  S.E.  of  Lock  Haven.     It  has  2  churches. 

Booneville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  Tenn.,  9 
miles  from  Kelso  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Boon  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Porter  co.,  Ind.,  7  miles 
S.  of  Valparaiso. 

.  Boon  Hill,  a  township  of  Johnston  co.,  N.C.  Pop. 
1445.  Boon  Hill  Station  is  on  the  North  Carolina  Railroad, 
12  miles  N.W.  of  Goldsborough. 

Boon  Island,  10  miles  E.  of  York,  Me.,  is  a  granite 
ledge,  swept  by  heavy  seas,  and  having  a  stone  light-house 
123  feet  high,  with  a  fixed  white  light.   Lat.43°  7'  16"  N.: 
Ion.  70°  28'  10"  W. 
Boon  Lake,  township,  Renville  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  313. 
Boonsborough,  boonz'bur-ruh,  a  post-village,  Wash- 
ington CO.,  Ark.,  about  40  miles  N.'of  Fort  Smith.     It  con- 
tains Cane  Ilill  College  (Cumberland  Presbyterian,  founded 
in  1808),  and  2  churches.     Pop.  about  250. 
Boonsborough,  Iowa.    Soe  BocNKSBonoucn. 
Boonsborough,  a  hamlet  of  Clark  or  Madison  co., 
Ky.,  on  the  Kentucky  River,  9    miles  from  Winchester. 
Pop.  about  80.     Daniel  Boone  erected  a  fort  here  in  1775 
and  defended  it  with  success  against  tho  Indians. 

Boonsborough,  a  post-villago  of  Washington  co., 
Md.,  about  15  miles  N.W.  of  Frederick,  and  10  miles  S.  by 
E.  from  Hagerstown.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  at  the  N.W. 
base  of  the  South  Mountain  or  Blue  Ridge.  It  has  a  high 
school,  6  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of 
gloves,  ploughs,  and  shoes.     Pop.  1100. 

Boonsborough,  a  post-hamlet  of  Howard  co.,  Mo.,  8 
miles  from  Estill  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Boonsborough.  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  co.,  Va.,  8 
miles  N.W.  of  Lynchourg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Boon's  Camp,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  co.,  Ky.,  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Paintsville. 

Boon's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
Tenn.,  8  miles  from  Jonesborough.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
grist-mill. 

Boon's  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  Tenn.,  12 

miles  N.W.  of  Fayetteville.  It  has  an  academy  and  a  church. 

Boon's  Lick,  township,  Howard  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  16S6. 

Boon's  Path,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Va.,  40  miles 

from  Whitesburg,  Tenn.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  high 

school. 

Boon's  Station,  a  township  of  Alamance  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  1100. 

Boons'ville,  a  post-village  of  Wise  co.,  Tex..  25  miles 
S.W,  of  Decatur.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  public  school. 
Pop.  300. 

Boon'ting  Islands,  or  Pulo-Boonting,  poo'lo- 
boon'ting,  a  group  of  small  islands  in  the  Malay  A  rchipelago. 
The  most  southern  is  in  lat.  5°  45'  N.,  Ion.  100°  20'  E. 

Boon'ton,  a  post-village  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  in  Boon- 
ton  township,  on  the  Rockaway  River,  on  the  Morris  Canal, 
and  on  the  Boonton  Branch  of  the  Morris  &  Essex  Railroad, 
15  miles  W.  of  Patorson,  32  miles  N.W.  of  New  York,  and 
9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Morristown.  It  has  5  churches,  a  high 
school,  a  newspaper  office,  an  iron-furnace,  a  large  rolling- 
mill,  and  manufactures  of  silk  goods,  flour,  cut  nails,  iron 
vices,  wrought  iron,  paint,  agricultural  implements,  office 
presses,  paper  boxes  and  tubes.  Pop.  of  the  township,  3307. 
Boon'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mendocino  co.,  Cal.,  30 
miles  from  Cloverdale.  It  has  a  church,  a  store,  and  a  hotel, 
Boonville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Warrick  co.,  Ind,, 
18  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Evansville.  It  has  a  court- 
house, a  national  bank,  6  churches,  2  graded  schools,  2 
newspaper  offices,  2  flouring-mills,  4  tobacco-stemmeries, 
and  a  plough-factory.     Pop.  1896. 

Boonville,  or  Booneville,  a  city,  capital  of  Cooper 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  right  or  S.  bank  of  the  Missouri  River, 
about  225  miles  by  water  from  St.  Louis,  and  100  miles  by 
land  E.  of  Kansas  City.  It  is  the  N.  terminus  of  the  Boon- 
ville Branch  of  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  which  branch 
connects  with  the  main  line  at  Tipton.     The  main  line  of 


BOO 


681 


BOQ 


the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad  crosses  the  Missouri 
River  by  a  bridge  at  this  place,  which  is  35  miles  N.E.  of 
Sedalia.  It  is  situated  on  a  bluff  nearly  100  feet  above 
high-water  mark.  It  contains  a  national  bank,  2  other 
banks,  9  churches,  the  Kemper  Family  School  for  boys,  the 
Cooper  Institute  for  ladies,  an  iron-foundry,  and  manu- 
factures of  earthenware,  wine,  woollen  goods,  &o.  Four 
weekly  newspapers  (one  of  which  is  German)  are  published 
here.  Coal-mines  have  been  opened  near  Roonville.  Pop. 
in  1890,  4132. 

Boonville,  a  post-village  of  Oneida  eo.,  N.Y.,  in  Boon- 
ville  township,  on  the  Black  River  Canal,  and  on  the  Utica 
&  Black  River  Railroad,  36  miles  N.  of  Utica,  and  24  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Rome.  It  has  2  banks,  5  churches,  a  union 
school,  and  manufactures  of  gloves,  chairs,  lumber,  butter, 
cheese,  churns,  <fcc.  One  weekly  newspaper  is  published 
here.     Pop.  1418;  of  the  township,  4118. 

Boonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yadkin  co.,  N.C.,  32  miles 
W.  of  Winston.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  tobacco-factory. 
Pop.  of  Boonville  township,  1058. 

Boorabullung,  or  Burabulang,  booVi-bul'lung 
(i'.e.,  "Old  Twister"),  a  tortuous  stream  of  Orissa,  India, 
whose  mouth  is  in  lat.  21°  28'  N.,  Ion.  87°  5'  E.  It  is  tidal 
for  23  miles,  and  the  town  of  Balasore  is  on  its  banks. 

Boo-Regreb,  Bou-Regreb,  or  Bu-Regreb, 
boo-reh-grfib'  (anc.  Sa'laf),  a  river  of  Morocco,  enters  the 
Atlantic  at  Rabatt,  108  miles  W.  of  Fez,  by  a  mouth  600 
yards  across,  within  which  is  a  dock-yard. 

Boorghas,  Bourghas,  boor'g&s',  written  also  Bour- 
gas  and  Burghaz,  a  seaport  town  of  Europe,  in  East- 
ern Roumelia,  on  a  promontory  in  the  Gulf  of  Boorghas 
(Black  Sea),  76  miles  N.E.  of  Adrianople.  It  has  an  ex- 
tensive manufactory  of  clay  pipes  and  bowls,  with  a  trade 
in  iron  and  provisions.  Pop.  6000.  The  Gulf  of  Boorghfis 
IS  14  miles  in  length,  runs  from  E.  to  W.,  and  has  a  depth 
pf  from  5  to  12  fathoms. 

Boorghas,  Bourghas,  or  Burghaz,  a  village  of 
Asia  Minor,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Abydos. 

Boorhanpoor,  Bourhanpour,  or  Bnrhanpur, 
boor"han-poor',  a  town  of  the  Nimar  district,  Central 
Provinces,  India,  2  miles  from  Lai  Bagh  Railroad  Station, 
and  280  miles  N.E.  of  Bombay.  It  is  famous  for  its  flow- 
ered silks,  brocades,  and  muslins,  and  for  its  manufacture 
of  gold  and  silver  wire;  but  the  place  has  greatly  declined 
in  importance.     Pop.  29,303.     (See  also  BEKHAMPOon.) 

Boorlos,  or  Bourlos,  booR'los\  a  lagoon  of  Lower 
Egypt,  in  the  Delta  of  the  Nile,  about  6  miles  E.  of  Rosetta. 
Length,  from  W.  to  E.,  38  miles;  average  breadth,  17 
miles.  It  communicates  with  the  Mediterranean  by  a  single 
channel,  and  is  connected  with  the  Nile  by  several  canals. 

Boornabat,  Bonrnabat,  or  Burnabat,  booR-ni- 
bit',  a  village  of  Asia  Minor,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Smyrna,  at 
the  head  of  its  gulf.  It  is  a  favorite  summer  residence  of 
the  merchants  and  consuls  of  Smyrna. 

Booro,  Bouro,  boo'ro',  Boeroe,  or  Buru,  boo'roo\ 
an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  mostly  between  lat.  3° 
and  4°  S.  and  Ion.  126°  and  127°  E.,  50  miles  W.  of  Ceram. 
It  is  claimed  by  the  Dutch.  Estimated  area,  1970  square 
miles,  and  population  60,000.  It  is  mountainous  and  well 
watered,  produces  sago,  fruits,  dye-woods,  and  the  best 
Cftjeput  oil,  and  abounds  with  deer  and  babyroussa  Logs. 
On  its  N.  side  is  Cajeli  Bay,  with  a  good  anchorage. 

Booroogird,  Burugird,  Boorojerd,Boorojird, 
orBouroudjird,boo-roo-jerd',  a  town  of  Persia,  province 
of  Irak-Ajcmee,  90  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hamadan.    Pop.  12,000. 

Boosempra,  boo-s3m'prS,',  a  navigable  river  of  the 
Gold  Coast,  Africa. 

Boossa,  or  Boussa,  boo'si,  a  large  town  of  Central 
Africa,  W.  of  Soodan,  capital  of  a  principality  of  the  same 
name,  on  an  island  in  the  Niger,  about  lat.  10°  14'  N., 
Ion.  6°  20'  E.  Pop.  (estimated)  10,000.  It  spreads  over  a 
wide  space  enclosed  by  a  wall.     Here  Mungo  Park  died. 

Boos  Station,  a  post-ofSce  of  Jasper  co.,  111. 

Bootan,  Boutan,  Butan,  boo't&n',  Bhoutan, 
Bhutan,  Bhotan,  b'hooHin',  or  PhoHan'  (native 
name,  Aieu),  a  kingdom  of  Asia,  in  the  Eastern  Himalaya, 
bounded  N.  by  Thibet,  E.  by  the  lands  of  various  petty 
independent  tribes,  S.  by  Assam  and  the  Julpigoree  district, 
and  W.  by  Sikkim.  It  is  a  region  of  the  grandest  forest- 
plad  mountains,  with  deep  intervening  valleys.  Area, 
about  15,000  square  miles.  The  Bhutias  (the  dominant 
tribe)  are  physically  a  fine  race,  allied  in  language  and 
Diood  to  the  Thibetans  ;  but  the  country  is  ill  governed,  and 
the  people  everywhere  degraded.  They  are  Booddhists,  and 
have  two  rulers, — the  Dharm  Rajah,  or  spiritual  chief,  and 
the  Deb  Rajah,  or  temporal  ruler, — but  the  office  of  neither 
ia  hercditory.  Capitals,  Tassisudon  and  Poonukka.  Chief 
44 


exports,  woollens,  gold-dust,  horses,  salt,  silk,  and  musk.  All 
the  crops  of  temperate  climates  do  well  here,  as  well  as  rice, 
cotton,  lie.  Copper,  iron,  and  gold  are  obtained.  Thfl 
winters  of  the  higher  valleys  are  very  severe.  In  1864—65 
a  large  share  of  the  country  was  conquered  by  the  British. 
Pop.  about  35,000. 

Booth,  Herkimer  CO.,  N.T.    See  Grant. 

Boothauk,  booU'hawk',  a  fortified  village  of  Afghanis- 
tan, 12  miles  E.  of  Cabool.  The  Pass  of  Boothauk  is  5 
miles  long,  and  in  its  narrowest  parts  is  50  yards  wide, 
hemmed  in  by  perpendicular  cliffs  600  feet  high. 

Booth'bay  Har'bor,  a  post-village  and  summer  re- 
sort of  Lincoln  co..  Me.,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  in 
Boothbay  township,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Damariscotta 
River,  12  miles  S.  of  Wiscasset,  and  13  miles  S.E.  of  Bath. 
It  has  a  good  harbor,  which  is  open  all  winter,  and  derives 
its  prosperity  mainly  from  trade  and  fisheries.  It  has  2 
churches,  3  superior  hotels,  a  savings-bank,  a  newspaper 
oflSce,  <fec.  It  has  steamboat  communication  with  the  towns 
on  the  coast.     Pop.  1699. 

Booth'by  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  1 
mile  from  Short  Lane  Station  on  the  Philadelphia,  Wil- 
mington &  Baltimore  Railroad. 

Booth  Corner,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Bethel  township,  i  mile  from  the  Delaware  River,  and  4 
miles  from  Linwood.     It  has  a  church. 

Boothia  Felix,  boo'the-a  fo'liks,  a  peninsula,  is  tho 
most  northern  part  of  the  mainland  of  North  America. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Boothia  Gulf,  on  the  N.  by  Bel 
lot  Strait,  and  on  the  W.  by  Franklin  Channel.  The  mag- 
netic pole  is  in  this  peninsula,  the  northern  point  of  which 
is  about  lat.  72°  N. 

Boothia  Gulf,  in  Northern  Canada,  a  southward  con- 
tinuation of  Prince  Regent  Inlet,  which  separates  Boothia 
Felix  from  Cockburn  Island  and  Melville  Peninsula.  It  is 
about  310  miles  in  length  from  N.E.  to  S.W.,  with  a  breadth 
varying  from  60  to  100  miles. 

Booth's,  a  station  in  Hardin  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Louisville 
&  Nashville  Railroad,  32  miles  S.  of  Louisville. 

Booth's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Floyd  co.,  Va. 

Booth's  Point,  a  post-office  and  steamboat-landing 
of  Dyer  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  16  miles  W.  of 
Dyersburg. 

Booths'ville,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  W.  Va.,  56 
miles  S.E.  of  AVheeling.     It  has  3  churches.    Pop.  125. 

Bootle,  boo't^l,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Cumberland> 
on  the  Irish  Sea,  and  on  a  railway,  5  miles  S.S.E.  of  Raven!- 
glass.  In  the  vicinity  are  the  Parney  and  Bootlo  Falls  and 
Black-comb  Mountain.     Pop.  of  parish,  765. 

Bootle-cum-Lin'acre,  a  borough  of  Lancashire, 
England,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mersey,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Liv- 
erpool, of  which  it  is  a  suburb.  Severdl  railways  meet  hera. 
Pop.  16,185. 

Booton,  Boston,  or  Bouton,  booHon',  written  also 
Baton,  and  Butnng,  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipel- 
ago, S.E.  of  the  island  of  Celebes.  Lat.  5°  S. ;  Ion.  123°  E. 
Estimated  area,  1800  square  miles.  The  island  is  elevated, 
and  fertile  in  rice,  maize,  and  tropical  fruits.  The  town 
Booton  is  at  the  southwest  extremity  of  the  island.  The 
Strait  of  Booton,  from  15  to  20  miles  in  width,  separates 
this  island  from  Pangansane  and  Celebes. 

Boozoolook,  Bouzoulouk,  or  Buzuluk,  boo- 
zoo-look',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  145  miles 
N.W.  of  Orenboorg,  on  the  Samara.  It  has  manufactures 
of  cotton  and  silk.     Pop.  9932. 

Bopaul,  a  state  and  city  of  Hindostan.    See  Bhopaul. 

Bopfingen,  bop'fing-?n,  a  town  of  WUrtemberg,  on  th* 
Eger,  7  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Nordlingen.     Pop.  1560. 

Boppard,  or  Boppart,  bop'pant  (anc.  Bodoh'rigaf), 
a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  9  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Coblentz,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Rhine.  It  owed  its  origin  to  a  fort 
built  by  Drusus.  It  has  two  fine  Gothic  churches,  a  female 
seminary,  manufactures  of  cotton  cloths  and  yarns,  and  an 
active  transit  trade.     Pop.  4977. 

Boque's  Creek,  Ohio.    See  Boke's  Creek. 

Boquet  or  Bouquet,  bo-ka',  a  river  of  New  York,  rises 
among  the  Adirondacks,  in  Essex  co.,  runs  northeastward) 
and  enters  Lake  Champlain  about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Bur- 
lington, Vt.  It  is  nearly  60  miles  long.  Its  branches  inter- 
lock with  those  of  the  Hudson  River. 

Boquet,  or  Bouquet,  a  village  of  Essex  township, 
Essex  CO.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  N.  of  Whallonsburg.  It  has  a  grist- 
mill and  a  union  church. 

Boquet,  bo-ka',  a  station  in  Alleghany  co,,  Pa.,  on  the 
Western  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Alleghany 
City. 

Boqnety  a  post-office  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa. 


BOR 


682 


BOR 


Borabora*  Society  Island*.    Boe  Bolabola. 

BuraholiU)  bo'r^-holiu,  an  uninhabited  island  of  the 
Orknuj  group. 

Bor^ard'f  a  po>t-offlce  of  Butler  oo.,  Pa.,  at  Nkw  IIope. 

Bor&S»  bo'ros,  a  town  of  Sweden,  50  uiiloa  by  rail  6.E. 
of  Wenersborg.     Pop.  3110. 

BoVasambar'y  a  native  principality  of  India,  at- 
tached for  certain  administratire  purposes  to  the  district  of 
Bumbhulpoor.  Area,  750  square  miles.  It  is  almost  entirely 
a  wild  jungle,  inhabited  by  aboriginal  tribes.    Pop.  19,203. 

Bo'rnx  Lake,  in  Lake  co.,  Cal.,  just  E.  of  Clear  Lake, 
from  which  it  is  separated  by  a  dike  of  obsidian.  Many 
irarm  mineral  springs  are  found  in  its  vicinity.  Its  waters 
are  highly  saline,  and  crystals  of  borax  arc  largely  gathered 
from  its  bottom. 

Borba,  boR'b&,  a  village  of  Portugal,  in  Alemtejo,  17 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Elvas.     Pop.  3600. 

Borba,  bon'bll,  a  town  of  Brasil,  in  the  province  of 
Pard,  on  the  Madeira,  95  miles  S.S.W.  of  Manaos. 

Borbetomagus.    See  Worms. 

Borborema,  boR-bo-r4'm&,  a  mountain-range  in  Brazil, 
forming  the  S.  boundary  of  the  province  of  CearA. 

Borcette,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Burtscheid. 

Borchloen,  a  town  of  Belgium.    See  Looz. 

Borculo,  Borkalo,  boR^koo-lo',  or  Borkelo,  bon^- 
k^h-lo',  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  15  miles  E.  of  Zutphen. 
Pop.  4155. 

Bord-^-PIonfTe,  boRd^-i-ploof,  a  post-village  in 
Laval  CO.,  Quebec,  on  Isle  Jdsus,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Mon- 
treal. It  has  several  stores  and  hotel)),  and  a  good  trade  in 
Jumber  and  cattle.     Pop.  1200. 

Bordeaux,  boR'do'  or  bor'do,  formerly  written  Bonr- 
deaux,  booRMo'  (L.  Biirdlg'ala),  a  city  in  the  S.W.  of 
France,  capital  of  the  department  of  Gironde,  on  the  Garonne, 
60  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  chiefly  on  its  left  bank,  and  at 
the  junction  of  several  railwoys,  368  miles  S.S.W.  of  Paris. 
Lat.  44°  50'  19"  N. ;  Ion.  0°  34'  32"  W.  It  is  one  of  the  most 
flourishing  cities  of  Europe  in  point  of  industry,  commerce, 
and  the  cultivation  of  the  aits  and  sciences.  It  is  an 
archbishop's  see,  the  seat  of  a  university  academy,  a  school 
of  medicine,  college,  normal  school,  school  of  navigation, 
and  a  mint.  In  the  old  part  of  the  city  the  streets  are 
crooked  and  narrow,  but  the  new  quarters,  the  allies,  and 
the  many  public  edifices  are  of  great  beauty  and  elegance. 
Among  the  most  remarkable  of  these  are  the  remains  of  the 
palace  of  Gallienus;  the  cathedral,  a  fine  Gothic  structure ; 
the  church  of  the  Feuillants,  which  contains  the  tomb  of 
Montaigne;  the  great  theatre  built  by  Louis  XVI.,  one  of 
the  finest  in  Europe,  seated  for  4000  persons ;  the  exchange; 
the  former  archiepiscopal  palace;  the  H6tel  de  la  Marine; 
the  triumphal  arch  of  the  port  of  Bourgogne,  the  mag- 
nificent bridges  across  the  Garonne,  and  the  noble  system 
of  public  hospitals.  Under  the  name  of  Burdtgala,  this  was 
a  rich  and  important  place  at  the  time  of  the  conquest  of 
the  country  by  the  Romans,  who  made  it  the  capital  of  the 
2d  Aquitania,  and  it  was  embellished  by  the  emperors. 

Situated  on  a  navigable  river,  in  this  part  about  2600  feet 
broad  and  from  60  to  90  feet  deep,  Bordeaux  takes  rank 
next  after  Marseilles  and  Havre  among  the  ports  of  France, 
both  in  foreign  and  in  coastwise  trade.  It  has  also  a  great 
trade  by  rail.  Its  harbor  or  basin,  formed  by  the  Garonne, 
is  capable  of  containing  1200  ships  of  any  size,  and  is  ac- 
cessible for  ships  of  600  tons  at  all  times  of  the  tide ;  it  has 
docks  and  building-yards  for  every  size  of  vessels.  It  has 
manufactures  of  all  kinds,  especially  of  tobacco,  vinegar, 
liqueurs,  and  chemical  products ;  sugar-  and  saltpetre-re- 
fineries, distilleries,  cotton-  and  woollen-spinning,  manu- 
factures of  printed  calicoes,  and  iron-foundries.  Its  com- 
merce extends  to  all  parts  of  the  world.  Its  principal 
exports  are  wines,  brandy,  and  fruits ;  its  chief  imports, 
colonial  merchandise,  cotton  goods,  iron,  coal,  and  timber. 
Pop.  in  1875,  215,140;  in  1885,  240,582. 
.  Bordeaux,  bor-do',  a  post-township  of  Abbeville  co., 
B.C.     Pop.  2232. 

Bordeaux,  a  post-ofiice  of  Laramie  co.,  Wyoming. 

Bordelois,orBordelai8,boRd^ld'  or  boR'd^h-ld.',  an 
old  subdivision  of  France,  which  formed  part  of  the  province 
of  Guiennc,  and  of  which  Bordeaux  was  the  capital.  It  now 
forms  the  greater  part  of  the  department  of  Gironde,  and  a 
portion  of  Landes. 

Bordelonville,  bor'd?h-lon-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Avoyelles  parish.  La.  It  has  2  stores,  a  steam  saw-mill, 
and  a  cotton-gin. 

Borden,  bord'^n,  a  county  of  Texas,  in  the  N.W.,  on 
the  Staked  Plain.    Area,  900  square  miles. 

Borden,  a  post-village  of  Fresno  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Visa- 
Ua  division  of  the  Central  Pacific  Itailroad,  104  miles  S.S.E. 


of  Stockton.  It  is  at  the  head  of  the  Fresno  River  irriga- 
tion  canals.     It  has  2  hotels  and  2  stores.     Pop.  about  100, 

Borden,  a  post-village  of  Colorado  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Galveston,  Harrisburg  k  San  Antonio  Railroad,  9  miles 
W.  of  Coltinibus. 

Borden  Shaft,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co.,  Md.,  nn  the 
Cumberland  A  Piedmont  Railroad,  2J  miles  S.W.  of  Frost- 
burg.  Here  a  bed  of  excellent  blacksmith's  coal  9  foot 
thick  is  wrought. 

Borden  Nprings,  a  post-ofiice  of  Cleburne  co.,  Ala. 

Bordentown,bor'd?n-t5wn,  a  borough  of  Burlington 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  6  miles  below  Trenton, 
and  on  the  Camden  A  Amboy  Railroad,  28  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Philadelphia,  and  9  miles  N.E.  of  Burlington.  The  rail, 
rood  passes  in  a  deep  cut  under  several  of  the  street.s.  This 
town  contains  8  churches,  the  Bordentown  Female  College, 
a  newspaper  ofiice,  a  bank,  and  several  iron-foundrius  and 
machine-shops,  llere  is  a  house  which  was  formerly  the 
residence  of  Joseph  Bonaparte,  brother  of  Napoleon  I. 
Steamboats  ply  daily  between  this  town  and  Philadelphia. 
Pop.  in  1880,4253;  in  1890,  4232. 

Bor'der,  a  hamlet  of  Newton  co.,  Mo.,  7  miles  from 
Neosho.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bord^res,  bon^aiR',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Hautes-Pyr^ndes,  29  miles  S.S.E.  of  Tarbes.     Pop.  465. 

Bor'der  Plains,  a  post-hamlet  of  Webster  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Des  Moines  River,  about  12  miles  S.E.  of  Fort  Dodge. 
Coal  abounds  here. 

Bordesholm,  boR'd^s-holm^,  a  village  of  Prussia, 
Holstein,  12  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Kiel.     Pop.  520. 

Bord'ley,  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  Ky.,  18  miles 
W.  of  Sebree.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bord5e,  boR'do^^h,  one  of  the  Faroe  Islands,  belonging 
to  Denmark.     It  has  a  port  called  Klack.     Pop.  368. 

Bor'doville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  5 
miles  from  Enosburg  Falls  Railroad  Station.  It  has  u 
church  and  a  carriage-shop, 

Boreas  (bo're-is)  Mountain,  a  peak  of  the  Adiron- 
dacks,  is  in  Essex  co.,  N.Y.  It  is  3726  feet  high.  Boreas 
Creek  rises  near  its  base,  and  enters  the  Hudson  River  in 
the  S.W.  part  of  Essex  co. 

Boreas  River,  a  post-office  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  on  a 
stream  of  the  same  name,  13  miles  E.  of  Newcomb. 

Boree,  or  Bori,  boVeo',  a  town  of  India,  district  and 
19  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Nagpoor,  with  large  dye-works. 
Pop.  3370. 

Boree,  or  Bori,  boVee',  a  fortified  town  of  Afghan- 
istan.    Lat.  30°  56'  N.;  Ion.  68°  35'  E. 

BoVeei'  or  Fri'ar  Islands,  a  group  of  small  islets 
S.E.  of  Tasmania.     Lat.  43°  32'  S. ;  Ion.  147°  21'  E. 

Bore'iia,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  15  miles 
from  Oshawa.     Pop.  300. 

Borello,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Laureana. 

Bore'man,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wood  co.,  W.  Va.,  4i  miles 
from  Parkersburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bo'ren's  Itlills,  a  post-office  of  San  Augustine  co.,  Tex.. 

Boreray',  two  small  islands  of  the  Hebrides,  one  a  mile 
N.  of  North  Uist,  the  other  2  miles  N.  of  St.  Kilda. 

Boreta,  boVeHi',  a  post-ofl[ice  of  St.  Landry  parish, 
La.,  on  the  Bayou  Bceuf,  90  miles  N.N.W.  of  Morgan  City. 

Borg&,  or  Borgo,  boR'go,  a  town  and  Lutheran 
bishop's  see,  in  Finland,  province  of  Nyland,  on  the  Gulf 
of  Finland,  near  the  mouth  of  the  river  Borgd  or  Vorgil. 
It  has  a  fine  cathedral  and  gymnasium,  with  some  mills, 
and  a  trade  by  sea.     Pop.  3410. 

Borgentreich,  boB'g^n-trlK\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Westphalia,  21  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cassel.     Pop.  1546. 

Borgerhout,  bon'g§r-howt\  a  town  of  Belgium,  an 
eastern  suburb  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  10,787. 

Borgetto,  boR-gh^t'to,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  and 
13  miles  W.S.W,  of  Palermo.     Pop.  6977. 

Borghetto,  bon-git'to  or  boR-ghSt'to,  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  Lombardy,  7  miles  S.  of  Lodi.     Pop.  5328. 

Borghetto,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  Mincio,  16  miles 
S.W.  of  Verona.     It  has  a  castle  and  a  fortified  causeway. 

Borghetto,  a  village  of  Italy,  43  miles  E.S.E.  of  Genoa. 
Pop.  1838. 

Borgholm,  boRg'holm,  a  town  of  Sweden,  island  of 
Gland,  with  a  harbor,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Kalmar.     Pop.  773. 

Borgholz,  boRo'h61t8,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia, 
56  miles  S.E.  of  Minden,  on  the  Bever.     Pop.  1162. 

Borghoizhausen,  boRG'h61ts-hSwV.?n,  a  town  of 
Prussia,  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Minden.     Pop.  1085. 

Borgia,  bon'jS.,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  6i  miles 
S.W.  of  Catanzaro.  It  was  almost  wholly  destroyed  by  an 
earthquake  in  1783.     Pop.  4069. 

Borgne,  born,  a  lake,  or  rather  bay,  situated  in  the 


son 


683 


BOR 


6.E.  part  of  Louisiana,  12  miUs  E.  of  New  Orleans,  com- 
municates with  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  on  the  E.,  and  is  con- 
nected with  Lake  Pontchartrain  on  the  W.  by  means  of  the 
Rigolets  Pass,  about  10  miles  long.  Length,  about  60  miles  ; 
greatest  breadth,  26  miles. 

Borgo,  bon'go,  a  village  of  Austria,  on  the  Brenta.  Pop. 
4092.  There  are  villages  of  the  same  name  in  Cephalonia, 
Greece,  and  Corsica.  Borgo  ("  town")  is  a  prolix  to  the 
names  of  many  places  in  Italy. 

Borgo  a  Buggiano,  bon'go  S,  bood-ji'no,  a  town  of 
Italy,  27  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Florence,  in  the  Val  di 
Jv'icvole.     It  has  numerous  silk-mills.     Pop.  2358. 

Borgo  Forte,  boR'go  fon'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  7  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Mantua.  Here  is  a  railway  bridge  across  the 
Po.     Pop.  3900. 

Borgo  Lavezzaro,  bon'go  ll-v5t-si'ro,  a  town  of 
Italy,  8  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Novara.     Pop.  2839. 

Borgomanero,  bou'go-mi-ni'ro,  a  town  of  Italy,  20 
miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Novara,  near  the  Agogna.  Pop. 
8731.    It  is  well  built,  and  has  a  commercial  college. 

Borgo  Mozzano,  boR'go  mot-si'no,  a  town  of  Italy, 
on  the  Serchio,  6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lucca.     Pop.  9604, 

Borgona  and  Borgogna.     See  Burgundy. 

Borgoo,  or  Borgou,  boR-goo',  a  kingdom  of  Africa, 
in  Soodan,  W.  of  the  Quorra,  about  lat.  10°  N.,  Ion.  4°  E. 
The  principal  towns  are  Boossa,  Kiama,  and  Niki. 

Borgoo,  Borgu,  bor-goo',  or  Borkn,  bor-koo',  a 
district  of  Africa,  in  Soodan,  about  lat.  17°-20°  N.  and 
Ion.  18°-21°  E.  It  is  in  part  mountainous,  and  in  part  a 
desert  basin  of  drifting  sand,  with  irrigated  and  fertile 
limestone  valleys.    Some  of  the  tribes  are  nomadic  Arabs. 

Borgo  San  Dalmazzo,  bon'go  sin  dil-mit'so,  a 
town  of  Italy,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Coni.     Pop.  4054. 

Borgo  San  Donino,  bon'go  sin  do-nee'no,  a  walled 
town  of  North  Italy,  9  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Parma.  It  is 
a  bishop's  see,  with  a  fine  old  cathedral,  a  divinity  school, 
and  silk-works.     Pop.  10,855. 

Borgo  San  Lorenzo,  bon'go  sin  lo-rJn'zo,  a  town 
of  Italy,  on  the  Sieve,  19  miles  N.E.  of  Florence.  Pop. 
4192. 

Borgo  San  Sepolcro,  bon'go  sin  si-pol'kro,  a  town 
of  Italy,  a  bishop's  see,  on  the  Tiber,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Arezzo,  Its  cathedral  and  numerous  churches  are  adorned 
with  fine  works  of  art.     Pop.  8068. 

Borgo  Sesia,  bon'go  si'se-i,  a  town  of  Italy,  25  miles 
N.W.  of  Novara.     Pop.  3642. 

Borgo  Taro,  bon'go  ti'ro,  a  town  of  Italy,  36  miles 
S.AV.  of  Parma.     Pop.  3000. 

Borgo  Ticino,  bon'go  te-cbee'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  27 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Novara.     Pop.  2200. 

Borgou,  Africa.     See  Borgoo. 

Borgo  Vercelli,  boR'go  vfin-chSl'Iee,  a  town  of  Italy, 
3  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Vercelli.     Pop.  3197. 

Bori,  a  town  of  Afghanistan.    See  Boree. 

Borinage,  bo'ree'nizh',  a  small  district  of  Belgium, 
province  of  Hainaut,  important  for  its  coal-mines.  It  com- 
prises the  communes  of  Jemmapes,  Quaregnon,  Hornu, 
Paturages,  Frameries,  <tc.    Pop.  about  32,000. 

BoVispol',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Poltava, 
20  miles  S.E.  of  Kiev.     Pop.  6959. 

Borissoglebsk,  bo-ris-so-gl6bsk',  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  100  miles  S.S.E.  of  Tambov.     Pop.  8619. 

Borissoglebsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  23 
miles  N.W.  of  Yaroslav,  on  the  Volga.     Pop.  12,254. 

Borissov,  bo-ree'sov,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and 
38  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Minsk,  on  the  Beresina.  Near  this 
the  disastrous  passage  of  Beresina  was  effected  by  the  French, 
26th  and  27th  of  November,  1812.     Pop.  5223. 

Borja,  boR'iii,  a  town  of  Spain,  Aragon,  39  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Saragossa.     Pop.  6400. 

Borja,  boR'ni,  a  town  of  South  America,  in  Ecuador, 
on  the  Amazon,  just  E.  of  Santiago,  and  at  the  head  of 
navigation,  2600  miles  distant  from  the  sea. 

Borjas,  boR'nis,  an  ancient  town  of  Spain,  10  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Lerida.     Pop.  3313. 

Borkai,  boR-ki',  or  Borgui,  bon-ghee',  a  bay  in  the 
Arctic  Ocean,  on  the  Siberian  coast,  between  lat.  70°  4'  and 
72°  N.,  Ion.  129°  and  133°  E. 

Borkai,  bon'kil,  or  Berkel,  bSn'kel,  a  river  of  Rhen- 
ish Prussia  and  the  Netherlands,  flows  AV.  through  Gelder- 
land,  and  joins  the  Yssel  at  Zutphen.     Length,  60  miles. 

Borkelo,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.    See  BonciTLO. 

Borken,  bon'ken,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Prussian  West- 
phalia, 34  miles  W.'S.W.  of  MUnster,  on  the  Aa.     Pop.  3066. 

Borken,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassau,  20  miles 
by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Cassel.     Pop.  1180. 

Borku,  a  country  of  Africa.    See  Borqoo. 


Borkulo,  a  town  in  the  Netherlands.    See  BoncuLO. 

Borkum,  bon'koom,  an  island  in  the  North  Sea,  be- 
longing to  Prussia,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Ems,  26  miles  N.AV. 
of  Emden.  Lat.  of  light-house,  53°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  6°  41'  E. 
The  island  is  low,  and  divided  into  two  parts  by  a  narrow 
channel.     Length,  6  miles ;  breadth,  2  miles.     Pop.  573. 

Bormes,  bonm,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Var, 
20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Toulon.     Pop.  2178. 

Bormida,  bon-mee'di,  a  river  of  Italy,  joins  the  Ta- 
naro  near  Alessandria,  after  a  N.E.  course  of  28  miles. 

Bormio,  bon'me-o  (Ger.  Worms,  ^onms),  a  town  of 
Northern  Italy,  29  miles  N.E.  of  Sondrio,  near  the  Adda. 
Pop.  1686.  N.  of  Bormio,  at  Molina,  on  the  Adda,  are  the 
salt  baths  called  Bagni  di  Bormio  (bin'yee  dee  boR'me-o). 

Borna,  bon'ni,  a  town  of  Saxony,  16  miles  by  rail 
S.S.E.  of  Leipsic.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths 
and  earthenwares.     Pop.  5751. 

Borne,  bon'n^h  or  bonn,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
province  of  Overyssel,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Delden,     Pop.  3632. 

Borneo,  bor'ne-o  (native,  Poo'lo  Kalamantin,  ka- 
lim^minHin',  or  Klemmantan,  klSmhninHin'),  the  largest 
island  in  the  world,  excepting  Australia,  is  in  the  Malay 
Archipelago,  lat.  7°  N.-4°  20'  S.,  Ion,  109°-118°  E.  The 
island  lies  about  half  in  the  northern  and  half  in  the  south- 
ern hemisphere,  and  is  of  roughly  hexagonal  outline,  with 
an  area  of  285,000  square  miles,  the  coast-line  being  broken 
by  comparatively  few  bays  and  inlets.  Much  of  the  in- 
terior is  little  known.  'The  centre  seems  to  be  a  plateau 
from  which  diverge  several  mountain-chains,  of  which  the 
principal  one  runs  from  S.W.  to  N.E.  along  the  longest  axis 
of  the  island.  Between  the  mountain-ranges  are  alluvial 
plains,  which  towards  the  ocean  are  often  swampy;  and 
these  plains  and  swamps  are  at  many  points  rapidly  en  - 
croaching  upon  the  shallow  seas.  Borneo  is  for  the  most 
part  a  seething  jungle,  densely  clad  with  rich  and  varied 
vegetation.  Its  copious  rains  feed  numerous  streams,  sev- 
eral of  which  afibrd  considerable  reaches  of  navigable  water. 
The  heat  is  not  generally  oppressive,  but  as  a  whole  the 
island  has  a  bad  reputation  in  respect  to  health.  The  min- 
eral wealth  of  Borneo  is  great.  Considerable  gold  is  ob- 
tained here;  also  some  coal,  and  great  quantities  of  anti- 
mony. Diamonds  are  occasionally  found,  and  mercury, 
salt,  petroleum,  tin,  copper,  and  iron  are  known  to  exist. 
Among  the  wild  animals  are  the  panther,  the  bear,  the 
orang-outang,  and  other  apes,  the  rhinoceros,  the  elephant 
(probably  introduced),  deer  of  several  kinds,  wild  swine, 
wild  oxen,  civets,  and  many  others.  Insects  and  reptiles 
are  exceedingly  abundant,  the  flying  frog  being  one  of  the 
rarest  of  the  known  species. 

Of  the  native  races  of  men,  the  Dyaks  are  the  most  re- 
markable and  least  civilized;  but  the  Malays  have  long  been 
the  dominant  race  on  the  coasts.  The  seaports  are  largely 
peopled  by  Chinese  and  their  half-breed  descendants.  The 
vegetable  products  of  the  island  include  excellent  timber  of 
many  kinds,  some  cotton,  palm-fibre,  sago,  camphor,  gutta- 
percha, betel,  nutmegs,  cloves,  cinnamon,  gambir,  rattans, 
and  rice;  and  nearly  all  the  tropical  fruits  here  attain  the 
highest  perfection.  The  western,  southeastern,  and  part  of 
the  eastern  coasts  are  claimed  by  the  Dutch,  and  governed 
by  them,  in  part  directly,  and  in  part  through  native  chiefs 
and  sultans.  The  remainder  of  the  island  is  chiefly  under 
the  Sultan  of  Borneo  (whose  country  is  called  Borneo  Pro- 
per; also  Brunai,  Bruni,  or  B'rni),  but  his  realms  constitute 
no  political  unity,  and  he  has  at  most  but  a  rude  feudal  au- 
thority over  the  numerous  petty  rajahs  and  sultans  of  the 
coast  regions,  and  no  authority  at  all  in  the  interior.  Sir 
James  Brooke,  the  noted  rajah  of  Sarawak,  was  a  nominal 
vassal  of  the  Sultan  of  Borneo;  and  through  him  the  English 
influence  became  a  dominant  one  and  the  extension  of  the 
Dutch  authority  was  checked.  He  also  did  much  to  sup- 
press piracy.  The  Sultan  of  Sooloo  also  rules  some  portion 
of  the  Bornean  coast.  The  prevailing  religion  of  Borneo  is 
Mohammedanism,  except  among  the  Dyaks,  who  are  idol- 
aters. The  old  Dyak  custom  of  collecting  human  heads  is 
dying  out;  and  according  to  Mr.  Wallace  the  people,  though 
exceedingly  rude  and  ignorant,  are  highly  truthful  and 
moral,  and  naturally  intelligent.  The  pop.  of  Dutch  Borneo 
in  1888  was  placed  at  1,164,000  ;  and  that  of  the  remainder 
is  estimated  at  576,000. Adj.  and  inhab.  Bor'aNEAN. 

Borneo,  bor'ne-o,  Brunai,  broo'ni,  or  B'rni,  ber^- 
nee',  a  town  near  the  N.  coast  of  Borneo,  and  on  the  river 
Brunai,  in  lat.  52°  30'  N.,  Ion.  114°  52'  E.  It  is  built  on 
piles,  in  the  river  Limbang,  and  is  the  capital  of  the  sul- 
tanate of  Borneo  or  Brunai.  Since  the  foundation  of  the 
British  North  Borneo  Company  it  has  a  large  fishery  trade 
with  Singapore.     Pop.  30,000. 

BornhenijboRn'hem,  a  town  and  commune  of  Belgium, 


BOR 


684 


BOS 


prorinoe  of  Antwerp,  on  tho  Scheldt,  15  miles  by  rail  N.W. 
of  Mechlin,     ron.  4770. 

liornholniy  boitn'holm  (ano.  Borringiat),  an  island  of 
Denmark,  in  tho  Daltio  Sea,  90  miles  £.  of  Zealand,  and  25 
miles  S.  of  the  soutbemiuost  point  of  Sweden.  Its  most 
northern  point  is  Capo  IIammerL>n,on  which  is  a  liglit-bouse 
279  feet  high,  in  lat.  55°  17'  4"  N.,  Ion.  14°  46'  30"  K.  It 
is  about  2:i  miles  lung  by  18  brood;  area,  230  square  miles. 
In  general,  the  ooaat  in  high,  presenting  perpendicular  clitfs, 
close  to  which  is  deep  water.  'NVhoro  cliffs  do  not  prevail, 
r«efs  and  sand-banks  stretch  out  to  soa,  rendering  approach 
dangerous.  Tho  island  has  no  good  or  secure  harbor,  but 
the  best  is  at  llonno,  the  capital,  on  the  S.W.  side.  Ex- 
cepting a  heath-tract  near  tho  centre,  tho  land  is  generally 
fertile.  Qood  building-stuno  and  marble  are  quarried  and 
•sported,  and  coal  is  likewise  raised  and  used  to  some  e.x- 
tent,  but  it  is  of  an  inferior  quality.  Tho  island  has  long 
been  famous  for  its  rook  crystals.  Agriculture,  cattle-rear- 
ing, fishing,  and  seafaring  afford  tho  chief  support  of  the 
inhiibitanU.     Pop.  29,304. 

Boru'holme,  a  post-rillago  in  Perth  co.,  Ontario,  5 
miles  from  Mitchell.     Pop.  100. 

Borno,  bon'no,  a  large  village  of  Italy,  32  miles  N.E. 
of  Bergamo,  on  the  Oglio.     Pop.  2499. 

Bornoo,  Bornou,  or  Bornu,  bor'noo'  (native,  Ka- 
noiora),  a  country  of  Central  Africa,  in  Soodan,  between 
lat.  10°  and  15°  N.  and  Ion.  12°  and  18°  E.,  having  N. 
Kanem  and  Sahara,  £.  Lake  Chad  and  Baghirmi,  S.  Man- 
dara,  and  W.  Uoussa.  Lake  Chad  appears  to  receive  all 
the  waters  of  Bornoo.  The  chief  rivers  are  tho  Shary  from 
the  mountains  of  Mandara,  and  the  Yeoo  from  those  of 
Uoussa.  Tho  climate  is  excessively  hot.  Tho  dry  season  is 
from  April  to  October,  and  the  rainy  season  during  the  re- 
mainder of  tho  year.  The  whole  country  is  flat,  and  by  far 
the  greater  part  is  covered  with  underwood,  coarse  grass, 
and  creeping  and  climbing  plants,  while  around  Lake  Chad 
and  for  a  considerable  distance  west  and  south  it  is  alluvial 
and  marshy.  The  chief  productions  are  millet,  barley, 
beans,  maize,  cotton,  and  indigo.  The  principal  wealth  of 
the  inhabitants  is  in  slaves  and  cattle,  and  the  horses  of 
Bornoo  are  greatly  prized.  The  chief  exports  are  slaves, 
gold-dust,  and  civet.  The  mass  of  the  people  (Kanowry)  are 
negroes,  who  profess  fetishism,  and  are  divided  into  tribes 
speaking  different  idiOnis.  The  dominant  race  (Shouas) 
«re  of  Arab  descent,  and  Mohammedans.  Principal  towns, 
Kouka  (the  capital,  on  the  W.  side  of  Lake  Chad),  Cherwa, 

Angornoo,  Deegoa,  and  Old  and  New  Biruee. Adj.  and 

inbab.  Bor^nooese'. 

Bornos,  boR'noce,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  28 
miles  N.E.  of  Cadiz,  on  the  Guadalete.     Pop.  4530. 

Bornou,  or  Bornu.    See  Bornoo. 

Borodino,  bor-o-dee'no  (Buss.  pron.  bo-ro-de-no'),  a 
village  of  Russia,  government  and  75  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Moscow,  on  the  Kologa,  an  affluent  of  the  Moskva,  cele- 
brated for  the  dear-bought  victory  gained  by  the  French 
over  the  Russians  on  the  7th  of  September,  1812. 

Bor^odi'no,  a  post-village  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Spafford  township,  near  Skaneateles  Lake,  about  18  miles 
S.W.  of  Syracuse.     It  has  a  church  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Borongo  Islands.     See  Broken  Islands. 

Boroojird,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Booroogird. 

Borotinko,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Saatz. 

Boron,  island,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Booro. 

Borough,  bur'ro,  township,  Beaver  co..  Pa.    Pop.  379. 

Bor'onghbridge,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
West  Riding,  on  the  Ure,  and  on  a  raihvay,  17  miles  N.W. 
of  York.  It  has  a  handsome  market-cross,  and  3  branch 
banks.  Many  Roman  and  British  antiquities  have  been 
found  here,  the  most  curious  of  which  are  the  three  rude 
stone  obelisks  called  the  "  Devil's  Arrows,"  about  half  a 
mile  S.  of  the  town.     Pop.  857. 

Borovitchee,  Borovitchi,  or  Borowitschi,  bo- 
ro-vit'chee,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  96  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Novgorod,  on  the  Msta,  an  affluent  of  Lake  Ilmen. 
Pop.  9108.     It  has  a  trade  in  salt,  coal,  and  limestone. 

Borovsk,  bo-rovsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and 
50  miles  N.N.E.  of  Kalooga,  on  the  Protva.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  sail-cloth  and  leather.     Pop.  8826. 

Boroz,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Jeno. 

Borragh,  a  river  of  Ireland.    See  Barrow. 

Borringia,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Bornholm. 

Borriol,  boR-ue-ol',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Valencia,  4 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Castellon  de  la  Plana.     Pop.  2700, 

Bor'ri.s,  or  Bur'ris-Id'rone,  a  village  of  Ireland, 
county  and  16  miles  S.  of  Carlow.     Pop.  601. 

Bor'ris-in-Os'sory,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  Queen's 
CO,  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Roscrea.     Pop.  562. 


Borris-O'Kanc,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Tipperary 
12  miles  S.W.  of  Birr.     Pop.  842. 

Borris-O'Lcagh,  bor'ris-o-li',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co. 
of  Tipperary,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Templemorc.     Pop.  772. 

Borromcan  (bor-ro-mce'an)  Islands,  a  grou])  of  four 
small  islands  of  Italy,  in  tho  Bay  of  Tosa  (the  W.  arm  of 
the  Lago  Maggiore),  viz. : 

IsoLA  Bklla,  ee'so-li  bSl'li,  the  most  celebrated  of  the 
group,  formerly  barren  and  sterile,  was,  in  1671,  transformed 
into  a  delicious  garden,  rising  in  terraces,  in  tho  form  of  an 
amphitheatre,  enclosing  a  magnificent  pal.acc.  The  garden 
contains  fine  tropical  plants,  and  tho  palace  is  adorned  with 
paintings  and  statues. 

IsoLA  Madre,  ce'so-li  m&'dri,  the  largest,  is  covered  with 
orange-  and  citron-trees,  and  gardens  of  exotic  plants.  This 
is  by  many  considered  the  picasantcst  of  all  the  islands. 

IsoLA  San  Giovanni,  ee'so-lft,  snn  jo-vAn'nce,  or  Isoi.ina, 
e-so-lee'n&,  is  the  northernmost,  and  is  occupied  by  gardens 
and  fertile  fields. 

IsoLA  SupKRiORE,  ce'so-ll  8oo-p4-ree-o'ri,  or  Isoi.a  dei 
Pescatori,  ee'so-14  di'e  p5s-ki-to'reo  {i.e.,  "the  Fisher- 
men's Island"),  is  inhabited  by  fishermen,  whose  village 
covers  the  whole  island. 

Bor'rowdale,  a  chapelry  of  England,  co.  of  Cumber- 
land,  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Keswick.  Hero  is  a  famous  mine 
whence  was  formerly  obtained  the  best  plumbngo.  Poj).  397. 

Bor^rowstounness',  or  Boncss,  bo-niss',  a  burgh 
of  Scotland,  co.  of  Linlithgow,  on  a  railway,  and  on  a  low 
peninsula  in  the  Firth  of  Forth,  17  miles  W.N.W.  of  Edin- 
burgh. The  streets  are  narrow,  and  the  houses  low  and  old- 
fashioned.  The  harbor  is  safe,  and  some  ship-building  and 
trade  in  coal  and  salt  from  the  vicinity  are  carried  on.  The 
town  has  also  distilleries,  and  manufactures  of  earthenware, 
soap,  and  vitriol.  The  coal-mines  extend  under  the  Forth, 
so  as  almost  to  meet  those  of  the  opposite  side.     Pop.  4236. 

Borsa,  bon'shSh^  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Mar- 
maros,  47  miles  S.E.  of  Szigeth,  on  the  Viso.     Pop.  44C0. 

Borsna,  or  Borzna,  boRz'n&,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment and  45  miles  E.S.E.  of  Chernigov.     Pop.  8129. 

Borsod,  bou^shod',  or  Borschod,  bon'shot,  a  county 
of  Hungary,  is  on  both  sides  of  the  river  Sajo,  and  is  one  of 
the  most  fertile  in  the  kingdom.  Chief  products,  grain,, 
wine,  and  fruits ;  cattle  are  extensively  reared,  and  its  com- 
merce is  important.  Area,  1369  square  miles.  Capital, 
Miskolcz.     Pop.  195,037. 

Borssele,  bons^s^'l^h,  or  Bramsale,  bR&m-s&'l^h, 
originally  two  islands  of  the  Netherlands,  province  of  Zea- 
land, but  now  part  of  South  Beveland,  joined  by  means  of 
gradual  acquisitions  from  the  river  and  the  sea. 

Borst's,  a  station  in  El  Paso  co..  Col.,  on  the  Denver 
&  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  58  miles  S.  of  Denver. 

Borst's,  a  station  on  the  Schoharie  &  Middleburg  Rail- 
road, 2J  miles  from  Middleburg,  N.Y. 

Bort,  boR,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Correze,  on 
the  Dordogne,  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ussel.  Pop.  2693.  It  has 
an  active  trade  in  horses  and  cattle. 

Borth'wick,  a  parish  of  Scotland,  co.  and  12  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Edinburgh.  Borthwick  Castle,  a  strong 
fortress,  built  in  the  fifteenth  century,  was  famous  in  the 
civil  wars. 

Bortigali,boR-te-gi'lee,  a  village  of  Sardinia,  40  miles 
S.E.  of  Sassari.     Pop.  985. 

Borumba,  a  state  of  India.    See  Baramba. 

Bo'rup,  a  station  in  Polk  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  St.  Paul  A 
Pacific  Railroad,  20  miles  N.  of  Glyndon. 

Borysthcnes,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Dnieper. 

Borzonasca,  boud-zo-nis'kd,  a  village  of  Italy,  10 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Chiavari.     Pop.  4346. 

Bos,  one  of  the  Philippine  Islands.    See  Ebus. 

Bosa,  bo'si,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Sardinia,  30  miles 
S.  of  Sassari,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Termo,  on  the  W.  coast. 
It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  cathedral  and  a  diocesan 
school.  Its  harbor  is  safe,  being  sheltered  by  the  island  of 
Bosa.     Pop.  6706. 

Bos'castle,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Cornwall,  on  the 
Bristol  Channel,  4  miles  N.  of  Camelford.     Pop.  about  800. 

Boscawen,  commonly  pronounced  bosk'woin,  a  post- 
village  of  Meriimac  co.,  N.H.,  in  Boscawen  township,  on 
the  Merrimac  River,  and  on  the  Northern  Railroad,  10  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Concord.  It  has  manufactures  of  bricks,  fur- 
niture, chairs,  flannel,  shoes,  &c.  The  township  contains 
Fisherville.     Pop.  1637. 

Bos'cawen  Island,  a  small  island  of  the  Pacifio 
Ocean,  Navigator's  group.    Lat.  15°  50'  S. ;  Ion.  173°  35'  W. 

Boschmans,  a  race  of  Africa.     See  Bushmen. 

Bosco,  bos'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  7  milet 
S.S.E.  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  3661. 


BOS 


685 


BOS 


Bos'cobel,  an  extra-parochial  liberty  of  England,  co. 
of  Salop,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Shiffnall.  The  manor-house 
here  was  the  retreat  of  Charles  II.  after  the  battle  of  Wor- 
cester, 3d  September,  1651.  For  greater  security,  the  king 
passed  the  next  day  concealed  in  a  thiclt  oali-tree  which 
grew  near,  from  an  acorn  of  which  the  present  "  Koyal 
oak,"  at  Boscobel,  has  sprung. 

Bos'cobel,  Westchester  oo.,  N.Y.     See  Crogehs. 
Boscobel)  a  hamlet  in   Goochland  co.,  Va.,  on   the 
Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  19  miles  W.  of  Richmond. 

Boscobel,  a  city  of  Gmnt  co.,  Wis.,  in  Boscobel  town- 
ihip,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Wisconsin  River  and  on  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  70  miles  W.  of 
Madison,  and  28  miles  E.  by  N.  from  Prairie  du  Cbien.  It 
has  5  churches,  2  banks,  public  and  German  schools,  a  news- 
paper office,  with  manufactures  of  wagons,  carriages,  farm- 
ing implements,  clotlies-pins,  furniture,  and  flour-,  planing-, 
saw-,  and  woollen-mills,  and  lumber-yards.  Pop.  1570  j 
of  the  township,  1692. 

Bosco  Keale,  bos'ko  ri-iV'li,  a  village  of  Italy,  just 
E.  of  Bosco  Tre-Case.     Pop.  4842.     See  Bosco. 

Bosco  Tre-Case,  bos'ko  tri-ki'sA,  a  town  of  Naples, 
Italy,  on  the  southern  declivity  of  Mount  Vesuvius.  Pop. 
4653.  It  is  nearly  contiguous  to  the  town  of  Torre  dell' 
Annunziata. 

Bosdarros,  bosMaR^no',  a  village  of  France,  Basses- 
Pyrenees,  8  miles  S.  of  Pau.     Pop.  1861. 
Boshuanas,  a  nation  of  Africa.     See  Bechuanas. 
Bosing,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Bazin. 
Bosjeau,  bo'zhftN"',  a  village  of  France,  SaOne-et-Loire, 
12  miles  N.  of  Louhans.     Pop.  954. 
Bosjesmans.    See  Bushmen. 

Boskoop,  bos-kop',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  South 
Holland,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Leyden.     Pop.  2.397. 

Boskowitz,  bos'ko-wits\  a  town  of  Moravia,  21  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Briinn.     It  has  manufactories  of  Prussian 
blue,  alum,  vitriol,  glass,  potash,  and  liqueurs.     Pop.  3907. 
Bosland,  Kansas.    See  Wilson. 

Bos'mitch,  a  river  and  village  of  Persia:  the  river,  an 
aflSuent  of  that  which  passes  Tabreez ;  and  the  village,  on 
its  banks,  12  miles  E.  of  Tabreez. 

Bosna,  boz'ni,  a  river  of  Bosnia,  after  a  tortuous  north- 
ward course  of  150  miles,  joins  the  Save,  24  miles  E.  of  Brod. 
Principal  afiBuents,  the  Ussora,  Krivaga,  and  Spressa.  The 
towns  of  Jepee,  Maglai,  and  Doboi  are  on  its  banks. 

Bosna  Serai,  bos'ni  s§-ri',  also  written  Seraio,  s^- 
ri'o,  Seraievo,  or  Serajevo,  s?-ri-yi'vo,  a  town  of 
Europe,  capital  of  Bosnia,  on  the  Migliazza,  an  affluent 
of  the  Bosna  River,  122  miles  S.W.  of  Belgrade.  It  is 
well  built,  though  most  of  the  houses  are  of  wood.  It  is 
defended  by  a  strong  citadel,  and  was  formerly  surrounded 
by  walls,  now  in  ruins.  It  has  manufactories  of  fire-arms, 
jewelry,  leather,  and  woollen  goods,  and  is  a  principal  en- 
trepSt  for  the  commerce  of  South  Germany,  Turkey,  and 
the  contiguous  Austrian  provinces.  In  the  vicinity  are 
extensive  iron-mines  and  the  mineral  baths  of  Seraievsko. 
The  town  derives  its  name  from  an  old  palace  (serai)  built 
by  Mohammed  II.     Its  population  is  about  50,000. 

Bosuia,  boz'ne-S,  (called  Bosna,  boz'ni,  by  the  Turks), 
a  territory  of  Europe,  formerly  a  Turkish  vilayet,  but  in 
1878  occupied  and  still  administered  by  Austria-Hun- 
gary, between  lat.  42°  30'  and  45°  15'  N.,  and  enclosed 
by  Dalmatia,  Slavonia,  Banat,  Servia,  Albania,  and  Mon- 
tenegro. Area  estimated  at  24,000  square  miles.  The 
surface  is  almost  wholly  mountainous,  traversed  by  the  chain 
of  the  Dinaric  Alps,  and  covered  by  its  contre-forts  and 
those  of  the  Julian  Alps,  rising  in  many  places  upwards  of 
6000  feet.  A  great  part  of  it  is  situated  in  the  basin  of  the 
Danube.  The  southern  portion  (Herzegovina)  is  watered 
by  the  Narenta,  which  flows  into  the  Mediterranean.  The 
soil  is  in  general  ill  suited  for  cultivation,  except  in  the 
valley  of  the  Save.  On  the  slopes  of  the  Dinaric  Alps  are 
extensive  oak  forests,  yielding  valuable  timber,  and  the 
pasturage  is  excellent.  Wheat,  barley,  and  maize  are  raised 
in  sufiicient  quantity  for  home  consumption,  and  in  the 
southern  districts  flax,  tobacco,  wines,  and  olives.  Fruits 
are  in  great  abundance,  especially  prunes,  which  grow  wild 
and  are  largely  exported.  The  rearing  of  cattle  and  swine 
is  an  important  branch  of  agriculture,  and  the  sheep  furnish 
a  celebrated  kind  of  wool.  Manufacturing  industry  is  lim- 
ited to  fire-arms,  leather,  woollen  and  cotton  stuffs,  and  gun- 
powder. Chief  exports,  leather,  hides,  wool,  goats'  hair, 
honey,  cattle,  timber,  and  mineral  waters.  Imports,  colo- 
nial produce,  silks,  paper,  salt,  and  oil.  The  transit  trade  is 
considerable  between  Turkey  and  the  Austrian  states.  The 
roads  are  very  bad,  and  in  general  only  practicable  for 
beasts  of  burden.    Capital,  Bosna  Serai.     Pop.   1,148,517, 


very  largely  Mohammedan,  but  mostly  of  Slavic  stock. 

Adj.  and  inhab.  Bosnian,  boz'ne-an,  Bosniak,  or  Bosniote. 

Bos'porus  (less  correctly  written  Bos'phorus) 
(Turk.  Boghaz,  bo^giz' ;  L.  lios'portis  Tkra'cius),  called 
also  the  Strait  of  Constantinople,  a  narrow  passage 
which  connects  the  Black  Sea  with  the  Sea  of  Marmora,  and 
separates  Europe  from  Asia.  It  is  about  17  miles  long,  and 
varies  in  width  from  half  a  mile  to  IJ  miles.  A  surface- 
current  sets  constantly  through  it  from  the  Black  Sea,  run- 
ning with  great  violence  and  rapidity  when  the  wind  is 
from  the  N.E.,  but  hardly  perceptible  when  it  blows  from 
the  opposite  quarter,  namely,  the  S.W.,  and  there  is  a 
pretty  constant  reverse  current  under  this  outward  flow. 
The  depth  of  water  is  considerable,  and  the  navigation  safe. 
The  scenery  along  the  banks  of  the  channel  is  extremely 
beautiful,  with  magnificent  summer  residences,  most  of 
them  on  the  Asiatic  side,  handsome  houses  and  noble  gar- 
dens being  thickly  distributed  over  the  vicinity  of  the  strait 
on  both  sides.  At  the  narrowest  part  of  the  channel,  about 
8  miles  from  its  southern  entrance,  occur  the  two  castles  or 
forts  called  respectively  Roomelee  (Roumeli)  Hissar  and 
Anadoli  Hissar, — the  former  on  the  western  or  European 
side,  and  the  latter  on  the  eastern  or  Asiatic.  The  Bosporus 
was  in  ancient  times  remarkable  for  its  tunny-fishery,  which 
is  still  a  source  of  profit.  Constantinople  stands  on  its  W. 
side,  at  its  outlet,  and  partly  on  the  Sea  of  Marmora,  op- 
posite Scutari.  The  Bosporus  of  Constantinople  is  called  the 
Thracian  Bosporus,  to  distinguish  it  from  the  Cimmerian 
Bosporus,  now  called  the  Straits  of  Yenikale. 

Bosque,  bos'kd,,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of 
Texas,  has  an  area  of  about  950  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.E.  by  the  Brazos  River,  and  intersected  by  Bosque 
River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating,  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  cot- 
ton, cattle,  and  horses  are  the  staple  products.  Ash-,  cedar-, 
pecan-,  walnut-,  and  oak-trees  abound  here.  It  is  traversed 
by  2  railroads.  Capita!,  Meridian,  Pop.  in  1870,  4981  ; 
in  1880,  11,217;  in  1890,  14,224. 

Bosque  River,  Texas,  rises  in  Erath  co.,  runs  south- 
eastward through  the  middle  of  Bosque  co.,  and  enters  the 
Brazos  River  at  Waco.     It  is  about  150  miles  long. 

Bosqueville,  bos-ki-veel',  a  village  of  McLennan  co., 
Tex.,  6  miles  N.  of  Waco,  and  1  mile  from  the  Bosque 
River.  It  has  a  church,  and  the  Bosque  Male  and  Female 
College.     Pop.  about  150. 

Bos'sarasville,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co..  Pa.,  in 
Hamilton  township,  7  miles  from  Stroudsburg.  It  has  a 
church,  a  large  quarry  of  limestone,  and  several  lime-kilns, 

Bossier,  bos-seer'  (Fr.  pron.  bos'se^A'),  a  parish  in  the 
N.W.  part  of  Louisiana,  has  an  area  of  about  780  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Red  River,  and  on  the 
S.E.  by  Lake  Bistineau.  Lake  Bodcau  is  included  within 
this  parish.  The  surface  is  mostly  covered  with  forests ; 
the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple 
products.  Capital,  Bellevue.  This  parish  is  traversed  from 
E.  to  W.  by  a  division  of  the  Queen  &  Crescent  Railway 
system,  and  from  N.  to  S.W.  by  a  division  of  the  St.  Louis 
<fc  Southwestern  Railway.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,675;  in  1880, 
16,042;  in  1890,  20,330. 

Boss'Ier,  a  station  on  the  Henrietta  Branch  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  23  miles  S.E.  of  Altoona,  Pa. 

Bossut-les-Walcourt,bos'sii'-14-vJ,l*kooR',  a  village 
of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  14  miles  S.  of  Charleroi.     Pop.  735. 

Bostam,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Bistam. 

Bostan,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  El  Bostan. 

Bos'tick,  a  station  in  Talbot  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  South- 
western Railroad,  35  miles  E.  of  Columbus. 

Bos'tick's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Richmond  co.,  N.C. 

Boston,  bos'ton,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Lincoln, 
in  a  rich  agricultural  district  on  the  estuary  of  the  Witham, 
5  miles  from  the  sea,  and  28  miles  S.E.  of  Lincoln,  at  the 
junction  of  three  railways.  The  town  is  divided  into  two 
parts  by  the  Witham,  here  crossed  by  an  iron  bridge.  It  is 
well  built,  paved,  and  lighted,  and  abundantly  supplied 
with  good  water.  Its  parish  church,  built  in  1309,  is  the 
largest  without  aisles  in  the  kingdom:  length,  291  feet; 
breadth,  99  feet.  The  tower,  291  feet  in  height,  resembles 
that  of  Antwerp  cathedral,  and  forms  a  landmark  visible  40 
miles  distant.  Boston  has  a  grammar-school  founded  in 
1554,  blue-coat  and  numerous  other  schools,  a  town  hall,  a 
union  poor-house,  house  of  correction,  custom-house,  large 
market-house,  and  vauxhall,  with  assembly-rooms,  public  li- 
braries, banks,  manufactories  of  sailcloth, canvas,  and  sack- 
ing, 3  iron-foundries,  and  shipyards.  Vessels  of  300  tons 
unload  in  the  town,  whence  the  navigation  is  continued  to 
Lincoln  by  small  steamers  and  barges.  Boston  sen  Is  two 
members  to  the  House  of.  Commons.     Pop.  14,526. 


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686 


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Boston,  a  village  of  England,  ou.  of  York,  West 
Riding,  3  milee  S.S.E.  of  Wetberby,  in  a  valley  on  the 
Wharfe. 

Boston,  boa't^n,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baca  oo.,  Col.,  20 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Springneld,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Boston,  a  post- village  of  Tboinns  co.,  On.,  ou  the  Atlan- 
tic <k  Gulf  Railroad,  188  miles  ^V'.S.\^^.  of  Savannah,  and 
48  miles  E.  of  Bainbridge.  It  has  b  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  an  acadumy.     Pop.  O-tfi. 

BOKtOB,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  oo.,  Ind.,  in  Boston 
township,  7  miles  S.  of  Richmond.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  public  school,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  146;  of  the  town- 
ship, 832. 

Boston,  apost-village  of  Nelson  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Beech 
River,  and  on  tne  Knoxville  Branch  of  the  Louisville,  Nash- 
ville i,  Uroat  Southern  Railroad,  35  miles  S.  of  Louisville. 
It  bos  a  churoh  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Boston,  a  hamlet  of  Whitley  co.,  Ky.,  23  miles  from 
Careyville,  Tenn.  It  has  a  churoh  and  an  academy.  See 
also  Boston  Station. 

Boston,  a  city  of  the  United  States,  capital  of  Manga- 
ohusetts  and  of  Suffolk  oo.,  on  a  bay  called  Boston  Harbor, 
which  forms  the  inner  bight  of  Massachusetts  Bay,  iit  the 
mouth  of  the  Charles  and  Mystic  Rivers.  Lat.  42°  21' 
29.6"  N.;  Ion.  71°  3'  51"  W.  The  original  town  stood 
upon  a  peninsula  called  by  the  Indians  Shawmut,  and  by 
the  settlers  Tremont  or  Trimountain,  from  the  three  sum- 
mits of  a  conspicuous  hill,  which,  though  now  much  reduced, 
is  still  prominent,  and  known  as  Boacun  Hill.  The  city  now 
includes  the  island  of  East  Boston  (Noddle's  I." land),  and 
the  peninsular  suburbs  of  South  Boston  and  Charlestown, 
besides  the  former  towns  of  Dorchester,  Roxbury  (or  Boston 
Highlands),  West  Roxbury,  and  Brighton,  with  their  minor 
villages  of  AUston,  Jamaica  Plain,  Neponset,  Mattanan,  &o. 
The  cities  of  Quincy,  Newton,  Cambridge,  Somervrlle,  and 
Chelsea  are  near  suburbs,  and  there  are  many  large  towns 
(such  as  Milton,  Dedham,  Brookline,  Watertown,  and  Kver- 
ett)  in  close  proximity.  Great  areas  adjoining  the  original 
Shawmut  have  been  reclaimed  from  the  harbor  and  its  in- 
lets, so  that  what  was  originally  the  neck  of  the  peninsula 
is  now  the  widest  part  of  it.  These  parts  are  now  covered 
with  substantial  and  costly  buildings.  Several  large  tracts 
of  low  ground  have  been  elevated  to  perfect  the  system  of 
sewers,  the  bouses  being  raised  at  public  expense.  The  city 
is  the  terminus  of  many  railroads,  of  which  the  principal 
are  the  Old  Colony,  the  New  York  &  New  England,  the 
Boston  <t  Albany,  the  Fitchburg,  the  Boston  &  Maine, 
and  the  Boston,  Revere  Beach  &  Lynn,  and  in  the  outskirts 
runs  the  Grand  Junction  Railway,  which  connects  most  of 
these  roads.  Twenty-five  bridges  over  navigable  waters, 
besides  the  railway  bridges,  connect  the  city  and  suburbs, 
while  East  Boston  ond  Chelsea  are  reached  by  steam  ferries. 
Boston  is  one  of  the  best  built  cities  in  the  United  States, 
and  has  strongly  felt  the  recent  spirit  of  architectural  prog- 
ress. The  streets  in  the  older  portion,  once  singularly 
irregular  in  their  course,  have  been  somewhat  straightened, 
at  great  expense,  but  are  still  far  from  the  uniform  regu- 
larity in  many  younger  towns.  Most  of  the  principal 
streets  are  traversed  by  railways,  which  extend  for  many 
miles,  connecting  the  suburban  towns  with  Boston. 

Among  the  public  buildings  and  institutions  are  the 
State-house,  with  its  conspicuous  gilded  dome,  fronting  on 
the  Common  (a  small  but  well-kept  park,  adjacent  to  which 
is  the  Public  Garden  reclaimed  from  the  sea) ;  the  Old 
State-House  (built  in  1712) ;  Christ  church  (1723) ;  Fnneuil 
llall  (1743)  ;  King's  Chapel  (1754) ;  the  free  public  library, 
having,  with  its  branches,  about  560,000  bound  volumes, 
besides  numerous  pamphlets,  and  ranking  with  the  largest 
libraries  rn  the  country;  the  custom-house,  the  post-office, 
masonic  and  Odd-Fellows'  halls,  the  Music  Hall,  the  Boston 
Atbenecum,  with  a  fine  library,  the  Lowell  Institute,  the 
Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology  (one  of  the  best 
schools  of  industrial  science  in  the  United  States),  the  High 
and  Latin  Schools,  the  Boston  Museum  (a  theatre),  the 
Unitarian  Building,  the  buildings  of  the  Massachusetts 
Historical  Society  and  the  New  England  Historic  Genea- 
logical Society,  the  Horticultural  Hall,  the  Roman  Catholic 
cathedral,  the  Boston,  Globe,  Hollis  Street,  I'ark,  Tremont, 
and  other  theatres,  the  Art  Museum,  the  city  hall,  the 
county  court-house,  the  city  prison,  the  Massachusetts  Gen- 
eral Hospital,  the  Harvard  Medical  School  (a  department 
of  Harvard  University),  the  city  hospital,  the  Carney, 
children's,  women's,  homoeopathic^  lying-in,  St.  Elizabeth's, 
St.  Joseph's,  and  other  hospitals,  institutions  for  the  insane, 
for  the  poor,  for  homeless  children,  and  for  feeble-minded 
youth,  the  Massachusetts  Asylum  for  the  Blind  (South 
Boston),  the  Consumptives'  Home  (Dorchester),  and  more 


than  800  organizations  devoted  to  charity,  relief,  bcneS- 
ccnoe,  or  mutual  aid.  The  chief  commercial  buildings  are 
the  Exchange,  Ames,  Fiske,  Farlow,  Siuimuns,  Chamber  of 
Commerce,  Equitable,  John  Hancock,  Globe,  Hathaway, 
Mason,  Boylstun,  American  Bell  Telephone,  Quincy  Market. 
Some  of  the  publio  charity  institutions  occupy  buildingi 
situated  on  islands  in  the  harbor.  Many  of  the  charitable 
institutions  work  in  conjunction  in  a  league  called  the  As.'o- 
ciatod  Charities.  Several  of  the  railroad  stations  are  costly 
buildings,  that  of  the  Old  Colony  (Providence  division)  being 
one  of  the  handsomest  and  most  complete  structures  of  the 
kind  in  the  country.  There  are  several  valuable  legal, 
theological,  and  other  libraries  owned  by  private  socii'tius. 
The  custom-house,  masonic  hall,  United  States  court-house 
and  post-office  (under  one  roof),  &c.,  are  strong  buildings. 
The  city  has  several  beautiful  public  squares,  and  these  in 
some  instances  are  adorned  with  statuary,  fountains,  or 
monnmental  works.  There  are  about  260  churches  and 
chapels  in  the  city,  of  which  29  are  Baptist,  45  Congrcga- 
tionalist,  28  Unitarian,  29  Episcopi\lian,  31  Methodi)<t,  and 
35  Roman  Catholic.  Several  of  the  churches  are  arcliitcj. 
turally  attractive  and  noteworthy.  Among  the  mo.st  con- 
spicuous churches  are  the  Roman  Catholic  cathedral,  the 
First  Unitarian,  the  Arlington  Street,  the  Park  Street, 
Central  church,  the  New  Old  South,  Trinity  church,  the 
First  Baptist,  the  Tremont  Street  Methodist,  and  Union 
church.  Boston  is  the  seat  of  a  Roman  Ciitholic  archbishop 
and  of  tho  Protestant  Episcopal  bishop  of  Massachusetts. 
The  public  school  system  is  one  of  the  largest  and  most 
elaborate  to  be  found  anywhere.  It  embraces  institutions 
of  every  grade,  from  the  primary  to  tho  high,  normal,  and 
Latin  schools.  There  are  11  public  normal,  Latin,  and  high 
schools,  55  grammar-schools,  and  over  500  schools  of  lessor 
grade,  employing  in  all  1600  teachers.  Special  attention  is 
given  to  art  studies  in  the  public  schools.  The  private 
and  parish  schools  of  the  city  are  also  many.  Boston  Col- 
lege  (Catholic),  Boston  University  (Methodist,  and  organ- 
ized upon  a  novel  plan),  the  Harvard  Medical  School 
(which,  with  other  professional  schools,  is  affiliated  to 
Harvard  University),  the  homoeopathic  college,  and  law, 
divinity,  and  music  schools  (all  connected  with  Boston 
University),  are  also  here.  Charlestown  is  the  seat  of  a 
large  United  States  navy-yard.  Boston  has  many  manu- 
factories of  various  kinds  of  goods,  such  as  machinery,  fur- 
niture, fertilizers,  farm-implements,  boots  and  shoes,  type, 
chemicals,  musical  instruments,  and  the  like,  but  it  is  as  a 
trade  and  money  centre  that  she  won  and  has  maintained 
her  eminence.  The  shoe  and  leather,  wool,  fish,  ice  (origi- 
nating here),  and  domestic  dry -goods  trades,  and  the  refining 
of  sugar,  are  leading  interests.  Her  commerce  with  India, 
China,  and  the  East,  though  less  important  than  before 
1861,  is  still  extensive.  The  harbor  is  excellent,  and  the 
wharves,  warehouses,  and  other  shipping  facilities  are  not 
surpassed.  Steamers  ply  hence  to  Europe  and  to  tho  prin- 
cipal ports  of  the  United  States  and  Canada.  Boston  has  a 
large  trade  with  tho  West  Indies  and  with  Nova  Scotia  and 
New  Brunswick,  and  the  coast-wise  traffic  is  important. 
Much  capital  has  been  expended  for  the  protection  and 
extension  of  harbor  facilities.  The  inner  harbor  is  com- 
pletely sheltered,  not  difficult  of  access,  and  seldom  encum- 
bered with  ice,  while  systematic  measures  since  1843  have 
been  carried  out,  to  prevent  the  interruption  of  navigation 
by  ice.  Several  large  works  have  been  constructed  for  its 
defence,  Forts  Independence,  Warren,  and  Winthrop  being 
of  ancient  importance.  The  channel  is  well  lighted,  the 
celebrated  structure  on  Minot's  Ledge  being  the  outermost 
and  highest  of  its  4  light-houses.  The  operations  for  the 
preservation  and  improvement  of  the  harbor,  which  have 
been  in  part  carried  on  at  the  expense  of  the  state  and  the 
city,  and  in  part  by  the  United  States  authorities,  comprise 
sea-walls  on  the  E.  fronts  of  the  islands  in  the  harbor  (upon 
which  the  sea  had  made  great  inroads),  and  dredging  in 
the  approaches  to  the  port,  and  in  the  harbor  itself.  The 
harbor  has  a  minimum  depth  of  23  feet  above  mean  low 
tide,  and  certain  flats  on  its  borders  have  been  filled.  The 
harbor  covers  75  square  miles,  and  has  several  arms,  such 
as  South  Bay,  Dorchester  Bay,  and  Back  Bay,  the  last  of 
which  is  an  expansion  of  Charles  River,  the  principal 
stream  flowing  into  the  harbor.  The  Mystic  and  Nepon» 
set  Rivers  also  flow  into  the  harbor.  The  insular  suburb  of 
East  Boston  has  extensive  manufactories,  but  is  especially 
important  for  its  docks,  wharves,  and  elevators. 

I'he  water-supply  is  abundant,  and  comes  chiefly  from 
Cochituate  and  Mystic  Lakes  by  aqueducts,  without  pump- 
ing, except  in  the  works  for  distribution ;  and  an  additional 
supply  is  taken  from  Sudbury  River.  Tho  smaller  reser- 
voirs and  works  connected  with  the  wftter-supply  are  in  the 


BOS 


687 


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southwesterly  suburbs,  but  the  larger  works  are  without 
the  city  limits.  Boston  has  60  national  banks,  with 
$54,600,000  in  capital  stock,  15  savings-banks,  a  clearing- 
house, a  chamber  of  commerce,  a  stock  board,  &o.  Many 
of  the  banks  and  insurance  companies  occupy  buildings  of 
greiit  elegance.  Boston  is  the  head-quarters  of  numerous 
railroad  and  other  industrial  corporations,  operating,  in 
many  cases,  in  far-distant  regions.  The  original  peninsula 
is  believed  to  have  been  first  settled  by  white  men  in  1623, 
but  the  true  beginning  of  the  town  dates  from  the  coming 
of  John  Winthrop  with  the  Massachusetts  charter  in  1630, 
when  one  of  the  first  orders  of  the  new  government  was 
to  change  the  name  Trimountain  to  Boston,  in  recognition 
of  the  relation  sustained  by  some  of  the  principal  settlers 
with  the  town  of  that  name  in  Lincolnshire,  England. 
This  town  early  became  the  seat  of  a  large  and  profitable 
commerce,  and  took  an  active  part  in  the  events  which  led 
to  the  war  of  independence. 

Prominent  events  in  its  history  have  been  the  expulsion 
of  the  royal  governor,  1689  ;  the  witchcraft  troubles,  1692; 
the  great  fires  of  1676,  1679,  and  1711;  the  Boston  massa- 
cre, 1770;  the  destruction  of  the  tea  in  Boston  harbor, 
1773,  and  the  consequent  passage  of  the  Boston  Port  bill 
by  the  British  parliament;  the  siege  of  Boston  by  the 
provincials,  1775-76  ;  the  battle  of  Bunker  Hill  within  the 
present  city  limits,  1775;  the  granting  of  the  city  charter, 
1822;  the  absorption  of  the  surrounding  towns  and  cities 
by  annexation  in  1868  and  later;  and  the  great  fire  of  1872. 

The  city  has  long  been  noted  for  the  interest  taken  by 
its  citizens  in  literature,  science,  and  art,  and  in  questions 
of  social  and  humanitarian  bearing.  There  are  numerous 
literary,  educational,  scientific,  historical,  commercial,  and 
art  associations,  many  of  them  incorporated  and  endowed. 
There  are  also  a  great  many  social,  literary,  and  political 
clubs, — to  which  new  organizations  are  constantly  being 
added.  The  number  of  newspapers  and  periodicals  here 
published  is  about  360,  of  which  9  are  issued  daily  and  the 
remainder  weekly,  monthly,  or  quarterly.  It  is  the  seat  of 
several  large  book-publishing  and  printing  establishments. 
The  great  fire  of  1872,  which  covered  about  65  acres  and 
destroyed  property  valued  at  over  $80,000,000,  led  to  great 
changes  in  the  straightening  and  widening  of  streets ;  and 
the  burnt  district  has  been  rebuilt  in  greatly  improved 
style.  Under  the  laws  of  Massachusetts  Boston  is  governed 
by  a  mayor,  with  full  executive  power,  a  city  council  of  two 
branches,  with  legislative  power,  and  a  school  committee, 
all  elected  by  the  people.  Bacon's  "  Dictionary  of  Boston" 
and  tlio  "  Memorial  History  of  Boston"  are  accurate  works 
of  reference. 

Few  American  cities  have  suburbs  with  finer  natural 
advantages ;  and  most  of  the  suburban  towns  are  hand- 
somely and  substantially  built,  with  pleasant  and  well- 
shaded  streets.  The  cemeteries  of  Mount  Auburn  and 
Forest  Hills  are  near  the  city,  and  are  noted  for  their  beauty 
and  extent.  The  outer  harbor  is  filled  with  islands,  and 
the  coast  of  the  mainland  near  the  city  is  gently  elevated 
and  rocky,  with  many  picturesque  localities,  much  resorted 
to  in  summer. 

The  population  of  Boston  in  1790  was  18,320;  in  1800, 
24,937;  in  1810,33,787;  in  1820,  43,298;  in  1830,  61,392; 
in  1840,  93,383;  in  1850,  136,881;  in  1860,  177,840;  in 
1870,  250,526;  in  1880,  362,839  (the  gain  having  been  in 
part  due  to  the  annexation  of  adjacent  suburbs),  and  in 
1890,  448,477. 

Boston,  a  township  of  lona  cc,  Mich.  Pop.  1893.  It 
contains  Saranac. 

Boston,  a  post-village  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Boston  town- 
ship, in  a  narrow  vailey,  about  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bufifalo. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  saw-,  planing-,  and 
cider-mills,  2  public  schools,  and  a  manufactory  of  cow- 
bells.    Pop.  1278. 

Boston,  a  hamlet  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  about  45  miles  E. 
of  Zanesville. 

Boston,  Clermont  co.,  0.     See  Owensville. 

Boston,  a  post-village  of  Boston  township,  Summit  co., 
0.,  about  12  miles  N.  of  Akron.  The  township  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Cuyahoga  River  and  the  Ohio  Canal.  It  has 
a  cheese-factory  and  several  stores.     Pop.  1142. 

Boston,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  in  Eliza- 
beth township,  about  13  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg,  and  on  the 
Youghiogheny  River,  opposite  Ellrod  Station  of  the  Balti- 
more &  Ohio  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches,  a  public  school, 
and  manufactures  of  brick.     Pop.  about  400. 

Boston,  a  township  of  Darlington  co.,  S.C.    Pop.  1913. 

Boston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Williamson  co.,  Tenn.,  25 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Nashville. 

Boston}  a  small  post-village  of  Bowie  co.,   Texas, 


about  10  miles  S.  of  Red  River,  and  80  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Shreveport,  La.  It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy. 
Pop.  273. 

Boston,  a  post-oflSce  of  Culpeper  co.,  Va.,  10  miles  from 
Culpeper. 

Boston,  a  village  and  station  of  Halifax  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Dan  River,  and  on  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  32 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Danville.  A  lino  of  boats  connects  it  with 
Clarksville.  The  name  of  its  post-oflace  is  South  Boston 
Depot. 

Bos'ton,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk  co.,  Ontario,  on  Bos- 
ton Creek,  11  miles  from  Brantford.     Pop.  100. 

Boston  Centre,  a  village  in  Boston  township,  Erie 
CO.,  N.Y.,  20  miles  S.  of  Bufl"alo.  It  has  a  church,  tannery, 
saw-mills,  &o.     Here  is  Patchin  Post-Ofiicc. 

Boston  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Ancram  township,  on  the  New  York  <fc  Harlem  Railroad, 
100  miles  N.  of  New  York.  It  is  also  on  the  Poughkecpsio 
&  Eastern  and  Rhinebeck  &  Connecticut  Railroads,  37  miles 
N.E.  of  Poughkeopsie. 

Boston  Highlands,  Massachusetts.  See  Roxburt, 
and  Boston. 

Bosto'nia  Junc'tion,  a  station  in  Clarion  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Low  Grade  division  of  the  Alleghany  Valley  Rail  • 
road,  83  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg,  at  the  junction  of  two 
short  branches  with  the  main  line. 

Boston  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas, 
on  Spring  River,  4  miles  S.  of  Brownsville  Railroad  Station, 
It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  manufactory  of  farming-tools. 

Bostonnais,  bosH6n^ni',  also  called  Bastonnais, 
bAsHin^ni',  and  Croche,  krish,  a  river  of  Quebec,  rises' 
in  the  co.  of  Quebec,  and,  after  a  W.S.W.  course  of  over  60 
miles,  joins  the  river  St.  Maurice.  It  has  many  rapids  and 
falls.  The  Little  Bostonnais  (Fr.  Petite  liivHre  Boston- 
nais, p?h-teet'  reVee-aiR'  bosHon^ni')  rises  in  the  co.  of 
Portneuf,  Quebec,  and,  after  a  generally  W.  course  of  40 
miles  through  several  lakes,  joins  the  St.  Maurice  a  few 
miles  S.  of  the  mouth  of  the  Bostonnais. 

Boston  Ravine,  a  mining-camp  of  Nevada  co.,  Cal., 
in  Grass  Valley  township,  i  mile  from  Grass  Valley  Station. 
It  has  a  rich  quartz-mine  of  gold. 

Boston  Station,  a  post-office  of  Pendleton  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Kentucky  Central  Railroad,  31  miles  S.  of  Cov- 
ington. 

Boston  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ind., 
about  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lafayette.     It  has  a  church. 

Bostra,  a  town  of  Syria.     See  Bozrah. 

Bost's  Mills,  a  post-ofiice  of  Cabarrus  co.,  N.C.,  8 
miles  from  Concord.     Here  are  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Bosville,  biVeel',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-Inf^ri- 
eure,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Cany.     Pop.  1150. 

Bosvvell,  boz'well,  a  post-village  of  Benton  co.,  Ind., 
in  Grant  township,  on  the  railroad  between  Lafayette  and 
Bloomington,  111.,  29  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Lafayette.  It  haa 
2  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  ofiice.     Pop.  about  700. 

Bos'worth,  or  Mar'ket  Bos'vvorth,  a  town  of  Eng- 
land, near  the  Ashby  Canal,  Hi  miles  W.  of  Leicester. 
It  has  manufactures  of  straw  goods  and  worsted  stockings. 
About  2  miles  S.  of  Bosworth,  on  the  22d  of  August,  1485, 
was  fought  the  battle  of  Bosworth  Field,  which  terminated 
the  Wars  of  the  Roses,  with  the  life  of  Richard  III. 
Pop.  949. 

Bos'worth,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co..  Mo.,  in  the 
midst  of  a  rich  prairie  country,  12  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of 
Carrollton.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  graded  school. 
Pop.  500. 

Boswyl,  bos'^eel,  or  Bosweil,  bos'^il,  a  town  of 
Switzerland,  canton  of  Aargau,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Muri.  Pop. 
1230.     It  is  a  place  of  pilgrimage. 

Boszormeny,  bb'soR^miii',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Bihar,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Grosswardein.     Pop.  3000. 

Boszormeny,  or  Hajdu-Boszormeny,  ha,'eo-doo*- 
bo-siJiOmdn',  a  town  of  Hungary,  capital  of  the  Haiduckv 
district,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Debreczin.  It  has  Protestant 
and  United  Greek  churches.     Pop.  17,400. 

Botafogo,  bo-ti-fo'go,  a  village  of  Brazil,  4  miles 
S.W.  of  Rio  Janeiro,  on  a  bay  of  the  same  name,  com- 
municating with  the  Bay  of  Rio  Janeiro.  This  village 
is  composed  of  fine  country-houses  and  hotels,  ranged  in  a 
semicircle  round  the  margin  of  the  bay. 

Botal'lack  Mine,  a  locality  of  England,  on  the  W. 
coast  of  Cornwall,  7  miles  W.  of  Penzance.  Here  is  a  noted 
mine  of  tin  and  copper,  extending  far  under  the  sea ;  and 
the  place  is  much  visited  by  tourists  on  account  of  the  re- 
markable scenery  of  the  coast. 

Botany  (bot'a-ne)  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  E.  coast  of  Aus- 
tralia, New  South  Wales,  5  miles  S.  of  Sydney.     Lat.  34* 


BOT 


688 


BOU 


t.;  Ion.  1S10  15'  E.  It  is  1  mile  vide  at  iU  entrance,  but 
fiirther  inland  the  breadth  ia  3  miles ;  length,  5  miles,  with 
good  anchorage  in  from  4  to  7  fnthomg  water.  It  was  dis- 
•oyored  by  Captain  Cook  in  1770,  and  derived  its  name 
flrom  the  now  plunta  then  observed  on  its  shores.  It  gave 
name  to  an  Plnglish  penal  oolony,  the  germ  of  the  present 
New  South  Wales. 

Botch'arott'  Lake,  a  large  lake  of  Alaska.  Its  waters 
4ow  westward  into  Bristol  Bay, 

Ilotchka,  botch'lcil,  a  village  of  Asiatic  Russia,  on  the 
Choruk,  N.  of  Artvecn,  and  30  miles  S.  of  Batoom,  P.  1600. 

Botel  Tobago,  bo-tel'  to-b&'go,  an  island  in  the  China 
Sea,  45  miles  S.K.  of  Formosa.  Lat.  22°  N. ;  Ion.  121°  40' 
E.    South  of  it  is  the  island  Little  Botel. 

Botcsdale,  bots'd&le,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Suf- 
folk, 7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Eye.     Pop.  679. 

Botetourt,  bot'e-tprt,  a  county  of  Virginia,  has  an 
area  of  about  650  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  James 
River,  and  also  drained  by  Craig's  Creek.  The  surface  is 
diversified  by  mountain-ridges  and  fertile  valleys.  The 
Peaks  of  Otter,  two  summits  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  are  on 
the  S.E.  border  of  this  county.  Wheat  and  Indian  corn  are 
the  staple  products  of  the  soil.  The  Atlantic,  Mississippi  & 
Ohio  Railroad  passes  through  the  S.  part.  Capital,  Einoos- 
tle.     Pop.  in  1870,  11,329;  in  1880,  14,809. 

Both'ell,  apost-townof  Kingco.,  Wash.,on  the  Seattle, 
Lake  Shore  i,  Eastern  Railway,  22  miles  from  Seattle.  It 
has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  shingles, 
brick,  and  tile.     Pop.  600. 

Bothnang,  bot'n&ng,  a  village  of  Wilrtemberg,  1  mile 
W.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1725, 

Both'nia  (Sw.  Batten,  bot't?n),  a  country  of  Northern 
Europe,  N.  and  W.  of  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia,  formerly  belong- 
ing entirely  to  Sweden,  but  now  divided  into  Russian  Both- 
nia, E.  of  the  TorncA,  comprised  in  Finland,  and  Swedish 

Bothnia.     See  Westerbotten  and   Npkkbotten. Adj. 

and  inhab.  Both.nian,  both'ne-an. 

Both'well,  a  village  of  Scotland,  oo.  of  Lanark,  on  the 
Clyde,  8i  miles  S.E.  of  Glasgow.  It  is  situated  in  Both- 
well  parish,  where  are  extensive  collieries  and  iron-works, 
with  freestone-quarries,  the  remains  of  Bothwell  Castle, 
Bothwell  Bridge,  the  scene  of  an  action  between  the  Cov- 
enanters and  royal  forces  in  1679,  and  a  choroh  with  a 
tower  120  feet  high.     Pop.  1209. 

Both'weil,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Ontario,  bounded 
on  the  S.E.  by  Lake  Erie  and  on  the  W.  by  Lake  St.  Clair. 
Area,  577  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Great  West- 
em  and  Canada  Southern  Railways,  and  is  famed  for  its 
oil-wells.     Chief  town,  Bothwell. "  Pop.  20,701. 

Bothwell,  a  village  in  Bothwell  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
river  Thames,  42  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  London.  It  is  in 
the  centre  of  the  oil  region,  and  contains  oil-reftneries,  saw- 
mills, a  woollen -factory,  a  sash-  and  door-factory,  and  has 
2  weekly  newspapers,  and  a  number  of  stores.     Pop.  995. 

Bothwell,  a  small  village  in  Kings  co..  Prince  Edward 
Island,  30  miles  from  Georgetown.     Pop.  100, 

Bot'kins,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  0.,  in  Dinsmore 
township,  on  the  Dayton  A  Michigan  Railroad,  7  miles  S. 
of  Wapakoneta,  and  62  miles  N.  of  Dayton,  It  has  2 
ohurches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill, 

Bot'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nelson  co,,  Ky.,  6  miles 
S.E.  of  Bardstown.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  100. 

Botoschani,  or  Botouschany.    See  Botuschant, 

Bots'ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfield  co..  Conn.,  on  the 
Housatonio  Railroad,  16  miles  N,N.W,  of  Bridgeport. 

Bottineau,  botH§h-no',  a  post-town,  the  capital  of  Bot- 
tineau CO.,  N.D.,  99  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Devil's  Lake. 
It  has  2  ohurches,  a  bank,  a  flouring-mill,  a  high  school, 
and  2  newspaper  oflBces.  It  is  near  the  Turtle  Mountains, 
and  in  its  vicinity  are  numerous  lakes  and  streams.  Pop. 
about  250. 

Botts'ford,  a  hamlet  of  Sumter  co.,  Ga.,  13  miles  W. 
of  Americns. 

Botts'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  6 
Bii'es  from  Ligonier.     It  has  2  churches. 

Botnschany,  or  Botooschani,  bo-too-sh&'nee, 
written  also  Botouschany,  a  town  of  Rouraania,  59 
miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Yassy.  It  carries  on  a  consider- 
ttb!e  trade  with  Germany  in  wine,  cattle,  wool,  honey,  wax, 
and  tobacco.     Pop.  39,941. 

Botzen,  or  Bozen,  bot's^n  (It.  Bolzano,  bol-zi'no), 
a  town  of  Austria,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Talfer  and  the 
Eisach,  35  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Trent.  It  is  built  in  the 
Italian  style,  and  has  a  gymnasium ;  it  is  protected  from 
inundations  by  a  strong  dike  2  miles  in  length.  Its  inhab- 
itants manufacture  linen  and  silk  fabrics,  silk  twist,  hosiery, 
leather,  <tc. ;  they  carry  on  an  active  transit  trade.     Near 


it  is  the  oostle  of  Tyrol,  which  gave  it«  name  to  the  district. 
Botzen  is  supposed  to  occupy  the  site  of  the  ancient  Roman 
Pout  Vruii.     Pop.  9537. 

Btttzlingen,  bots'ling-^n,  a  hamlet  of  Switzerland, 
canton  of  Uri,  on  the  Rouss,  3  miles  S.  of  Altorf,  and  the 
place  of  the  annual  cantonal  assembly. 

Bonafle,  boo-&ri'  or  bw&fl,  a  village  of  France,  in 
Soine-ot-Oise,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Versailles.     Pop.  942. 

Bonaye,  boo-4'  or  bwi,  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Loiro-Inf6rieure,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Nantes.     Pop.  1397. 

Bouc,  or  Port  de  Bone,  pon  d^h  book  (oo  ns  in 
moon),  a  hamlet  of  France,  in  Bouohes-du-RhOne,  iit  the 
S.E.  terminus  of  the  canal  extending  from  Aries  to  the 
Mediterranean.     Pop.  700. 

Bouc6,  boo^si',  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Ome, 
7  miles  S.W.  of  Argcntan.     Pop.  1260, 

Bouchain,  boo^shiN"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  on 
the  Scheldt,  15  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Douai.     Pop.  1504. 

Bouciietnainu,  booshUu&n',  a  village  of  France, 
Maine-et-Loire,  where  the  Maine  joins  the  Loire.    P.  1200, 

Bon'cher,  a  post-hatnlet  uf  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  20 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Greensburg,  and  about  4  miles  E.  of  Lig- 
onier. It  has  2  churches,  a  common  school,  a  grist-mill,  a 
cider-press,  <tc.     Pop,  100. 

Boncherville,  boo'shairVecl',  a  village  in  Chambly 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  south  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  9 
miles  below  Montreal.     Pop.  767, 

Bouches-dn-Rhdnc,  boosh-dli-rBn'  (i.e.,  "mouths 
of  the  Rhone"),  a  department  of  the  S.E.  of  France,  a  part 
of  Provence.  Area,  2195  square  miles.  The  chief  rivers 
and  canals  are  the  Rhone,  which  separates  into  several 
branches  between  Aries  and  the  sea,  forming  a  delta  called 
He  de  la  Camargue;  the  Durance,  afiluent  of  the  Rhone; 
the  navigable  canal  of  Aries  and  Bouc,  the  canal  from  the 
Durance  to  Marseilles,  and  the  canal  of  Craponne;  the 
principal  marshes  are  the  Etangt  de  Berre  and  de  Valcares. 
There  are  numerous  small  islands,  the  chief  of  which  are 
Pomdgue  and  Ratoneau,  opposite  Marseilles.  Climate  dry 
and  warm ;  surface  interspersed  with  mountains,  and  bor- 
dered S.  by  marshes,  which  are  generally  drained,  and  very 
fertile  in  some  parts.  The  plain  of  Crau,  stony  and  sterile, 
extends  S.W.  to  the  left  of  the  Delta.  Wine  is  exported, 
and  silk,  almonds,  olives,  figs,  and  dried  grapes  are  im- 
portant products.  Cattle,  horses,  and  sheep  are  extensively 
raised,  and  the  tunny-fishery  is  considerable.  The  depart- 
ment contains  marble-quarries,  coal-mines,  salt  marshes, 
and  mineral  waters,  and  has  an  active  export  and  import 
trade.  It  has  manufactures  of  soap,  olive  oil,  chemical 
products,  perfumes,  and  brandy ;  and  sugar-  and  sulphur- 
refineries.     Capital,  Marseilles.     Pop.  589,028. 

BoucHES,  boosh,  was  the  prefix  to  the  names  of  several 
departments  of  the  French  Empire  under  Napoleon,  viz. : 

BoucHES  DE  l'Elbe,  boosh  d§h  141b  ("mouths  of  the 
Elbe"),  composing  the  territory  of  Hamburg,  with  parts  of 
Luxemburg,  Holstein,  Hanover,  and  Brunswick.  Capital, 
Hamburg. 

BoucHES  DE  l'Escaut,  boosh  d^h  Ifis^ko'  ("  mouths  of 
the  Scheldt"),  included  the  province  of  Zealand.  Capital, 
Middelburg. 

BoucHES  DE  ii'TssEii,  boosh  d§h  lis'sfil'  ("mouths  of  the 
Yssel"),  included  the  province  of  Overyssel,  Capital, 
Zwolle, 

BoncHES  DU  Rhin,  boosh  dii  r&N"  ("mouths  of  the 
Rhine"),  included  the  eastern  part  of  Dutch  Brabant. 
Capital,  Bois-le-Duc. 

BoucHES  DU  Weser,  boosh  dii  vA'zain'  (•'  mouths  of  the 
Weser"),  included  the  territory  of  Bremen,  and  parts  of 
Oldenburg  and  Hanover.     Capital,  Bremen. 

Bouckville,  bowk'vil,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Chenango  Canal,  and  the  Utica  Branch  of  the 
New  York  <fc  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  about  22  miles 
S.W.  of  Utica,     It  ha«  a  church,  a  large  cider-mill,  ko. 

Boudjnourd,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Boojnoord. 

Buudreau  (booMro')  or  Beaudre'au  (bo'dro')  Vil- 
lage, a  post-village  of  AVestmoreland  co..  New  Brunswick, 
on  the  Petitcodiac,  11  miles  from  Memramcook.     Pop.  100. 

Boudroum,  Asia  Minor.     See  Boodroom. 

Boudry,  booMree',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  5  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Neufchatel,  on  Lake  Neufchatel.     Pop.  1083. 

Bou6,  boo-i',  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Aisne, 
arrondissement  of  Vervins,  near  Nouvion.     Pop.  1257. 

Boufarik,  a  town  of  Algeria.    See  Boofabeek. 

Bouffioulx,  boorfe-oo',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
of  Hainaut,  4  miles  E.  of  Charleroi.     Pop.  2009. 

Boug,  a  river  of  Poland.    See  Bug. 

Bougainville,  boo'giN»Veel',  a  bay  of  Patagonia,  in 
the  Strait  of  Magellan.     Lat.  63°  25'  S, ;  Ion,  7°  13'  W. 


BOU 


689 


BOU 


Bougainville  Island,  Solomon  gronp,  in  the  Pacific, 

I   between  lat.  5°  30'  and  7°  2'  S.,  and  about  Ion.  155°  E. 

Bougainville  Strait,  between  the  islands  of  Espiritu 
Santo  and  Mallicollo,  New  Hebrides. 

Bougere,  boo^zhaiR',  a  post-office  of  Concordia  parish, 
La.,  is  on  the  Mississippi  River,  at  Bougere's  Landing. 

Boughton,  bow'tgn,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Nevada 
CO.,  Ark.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Rail- 
road, 27  miles  SAY.  of  Arkadelphia.  It  has  a  church,  a 
steam  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  planing-mill. 

Boughton,  a  station  in  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Oil 
City  &  Titusville  Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of  Titusville. 

Bougiah,  boo^jce'3.  (Fr,  Bougie,  boo^zhee';  nnc.  ^S'a^'- 
dief),  written  also  Bugia  and  Boujayah,  a  town  of  Al- 
geria, 113  miles  E.  of  Algiers,  on  a  bay  of  the  same  name 
in  the  Mediterranean,  with  an  artificial  port.  It  has  an 
extensive  trade  in  oil  and  wax,  and  it  gave  its  name  to  the 
wax  candle  (bougie),  for  the  manufacture  of  which  it  has 
long  been  celebrated.  It  was  in  ancient  times  an  important 
town,  and  has  extensive  ruins.     Pop.  3273. 

Bougival,  boo^zheeVS,!',  a  village  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Seine-et-Oisc,  4  miles  N.  of  Versailles.     Pop.  2316. 

Bougoulma,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Boogoolma. 

Bouguenais,  boog^ni',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire- 
Inforieure,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Nantes.     Pop.  3709. 

Bouie  (boo'ee)  River,  a  small  stream  of  Mississippi, 
flows  into  Leaf  River  in  Perry  co. 

Bouillante,  boo^y5st',  a  town  of  the  French  colony 
of  GuadeJoupe,  Antilles  Islands,  on  the  W.  coast,  8  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Basse-Terre.  It  has  a  good  ancfiorage,  and  is 
celebrated  for  its  hot  springs.     Pop.  2863. 

Bouill6-IiOret,  booryi'  (or  boo^yd')  loVi',  a  village 
of  France,  Deux-Sfivres,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Thouars.  Pop. 
1210. 

Bouillon,  boory^N"'  or  boo'y6N>''  (L.  Bullo'nium),  a 
town  of  Belgium,  province  of  Luxembourg,  on  the  Semoy, 
16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Neufchateau.  It  was  the  capital  of  the 
duchy  possessed  by  Godfrey  of  Bouillon,  the  leader  of  the 
first  crusade.     Pop.  2760. 

Bouin,  boo-3,N»'  or  bwS,N<»,  an  island  off  the  west  coast 
of  France,  department  of  Vend6e,  22  miles  S.W.  of  Nantes. 
It  has  salt-works,  and  produces  grain.  The  village  of  Bouin 
has  a  good  port.     Pop.  of  village,  1477  ;  of  commune,  2776. 

Bouinsk,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Booi>fsK. 

Boukhara  and  Boukharie.    See  Bokhara. 

Boukhtarniinsk.     See  Bookhtarminsk. 

Bouk'night's  Ferry,  a  post-ofiice  of  Edgefield  CO.,  S.C. 

Boukovina,  a  division  of  Austria.     See  Bukowina. 

Boulac,  Boutak,  or  Bonlaq.    See  Boolak. 

Boulay,  boo-li'  (Ger.  Bolchen,  bol'K?n),  a  town  of 
Lorraine,  15  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Metz.     Pop.  2492. 

Boulder,  bold'^r,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Colorado, 
has  an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
Boulder,  Coal,  and  St.  Vrain  Creeks.  The  surface  is  moun- 
tainous. Long's  Peak,  one  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  rises 
on  the  N.W.  border  of  this  county.  The  soil  in  some  parts 
is  fertile,  and  produces  wheat,  oats,  &o.  Gold  is  found  here 
in  quartz  rock.  Among  its  mineral  resources  are  iron  ore, 
tellurium,  and  roofing-slate.  The  mountains  are  partly 
covered  with  forests  of  fir  and  pine.  This  county  has  also 
rich  mines  of  silver  and  an  abundance  of  good  tertiary 
coal.  Its  capital,  Boulder,  and  the  city  of  Golden,  in  this 
county,  are  connected  with  Denver  by  branches  of  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad.  Pop.  in  1870, 1939 ;  in  1880, 9723  ; 
in  1890,  14,082. 

Boulder,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Boulder  co.,  Col.,  is  on 
Boulder  Creek  at  the  junction  of  several  branches  of  the 
Union  Pacific  Railway  system,  30  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of 
Denver  and  41  miles  S.  of  Fort  Colling.  It  is  near  the  east 
base  of  the  Rocky  Mountain  range,  and  about  22  miles  S.E. 
of  Long's  Peak.  Rich  mines  of  gold  and  of  lignite  have 
been  opened  near  it.  It  has  7  churches,  3  banks,  flour-mill, 
foundry,  creamery,  brewery,  planing-mill,  &c.,  and  is  the 
seat  of  the  state  university.  A  daily  and  3  weekly  news- 
papers are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  3330. 

Boulder  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Santa  Cruz  co.,  Cal., 
7  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Fulton.  It  has  3  churches,  manufac- 
tures of  lumber,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  600. 

Boulder  Creek,  Colorado,  is  formed  by  3  branches, 
the  North,  Middle,  and  South  Boulder,  which  rise  very  near 
Arapaho  Peak,  and  unite  in  Boulder  co.  The  main  stream 
runs  northeastward,  and  enters  St.  Vrain  Creek.  Coal  and 
iilver  are  found  on  this  creek,  which  is  about  70  miles  long, 
including  one  branch. 

Boulder  or  Bouldir  Island,  one  of  the  Aleutian 
chain,  half-way  between  the  Nearer  and  the  Rat  Islands. 

Boulder  Pass,  Colorado,  a  pass  in  the  main  range  of 


the  Rocky  Mountains,  at  an  elevation  of  11,613  feet.     Lat. 
39°  36'  15"  N.;  Ion.  105°  41'  W. 

Boulder  Valley,  a  post-town  and  mining  centre,  the 
capital  of  Jefferson  co.,  Montana,  on  2  railroads,  about 
28  miles  S.  of  Helena.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and  2 
newspaper  offices.  Pop.  750.  Gold  and  silver  are  found 
near  this  place. 

Bouldin  (bold'in)  Island,  a  post-hamlet  of  San  Joa- 
quin CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  San  Joaquin,  20  miles  from  BantJV. 

Boulebani,  booMe-bi'nee,  a  town  of  Africa,  capital 
of  Bondoo,  near  the  Falemgj  lat.  14°  20'  N.,  Ion.  12"  24' 
W.     Pop.  3000. 

Boulogne,  boo^l6n'  or  booMon',  or  Boulogne- sur- 
Mer,  booMon'-silR-maiR  (anc.  GesoriiXcum,  afterwards  Bo- 
no'ni'a),  a  town  of  France,  Pas-de-Calais,  on  the  English 
Channel,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Lianne,  and  at  the  head  of  the 
railway  from  Amiens  to  Boulogne,  156  miles  N.N.AV.  of 
Paris,  and  22  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Calais.  Lat.  60°  44' 
32"  N.;  Ion.  1°  36'  15"  E.  It  is  divided  into  the  Upper 
and  Lower  towns.  The  first,  on  a  hill,  whence  the  English 
coast  is  distinctly  visible,  is  well,  though  irregularly,  built, 
and  has  a  feudal  citadel  and  ramparts,  a  cathedral,  and  a 
town  hall.  The  Lower,  or  new  town,  stretching  from  the 
Upper  town  to  the  sea,  is  newly  and  regularly  built,  and 
is  more  populous.  It  has  fine  public  baths,  with  ball- 
and  concert-rooms,  a  communal  college,  a  theatre,  a  mu- 
seum, a  hospital,  a  custom-house,  and  barracks.  Boulogne 
has  English  churches,  excellent  hotels,  a  great  number  of 
boarding-schools  (both  French  and  English),  a  school  of 
navigation,  a  tribunal  of  commerce,  societies  of  agriculture, 
commerce,  and  arts,  and  is  the  seat  of  important  and  varied 
manufactures.  Steamers  ply  hence  to  Folkestone,  England; 
and  the  foreign  trade  of  the  town  is  important.  Its  fisheries 
are  extensive,  but  the  town  is  mainly  indebted  for  its  pros- 
perity to  its  English  residents.  The  port  is  formed  by  piers 
stretching  out  only  to  low-water  mark,  but  the  tide  rises 
upwards  of  16  feet,  and  ships  find  good  anchorage  about  half 
a  mile  from  the  harbor.  There  is  also  a  wet  dock,  with  other 
harbor  improvements.     Pop.  in  1885,  45,916. 

Boulogne,  booMoii',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Haute-Garonne,  44  miles  S.W.  of  Toulouse.     Pop.  2403. 

Boulogne,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Seine, 
near  the  right  bank  of  the  Seine,  4i  miles  W.  of  Paris. 
Here  is  a  public  park  called  Bois  de  Boulogne,  which  is  the 
finest  promenade  in  the  environs  of  Paris,  but  which  suf- 
fered greatly  during  the  war  of  1870-71.     Pop.  18,687. 

Bouloire,  booPwaR',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Sarthe,  15  miles  E.  of  Le  Mans.     Pop.  2200. 

Boulonnois,  or  Boulonnais,  booMon^n^.',  a  former 
division  of  France,  in  Picardy,  of  which  the  capital  was 
Boulogne-sur-Mer. 

Boulton,  bol'ton,  a  station  in  Henrico  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Richmond  &  Fredericksburg  Railroad,  2  miles  N.AV.  of 
Richmond. 

Boul'ware,  a  township  of  Gasconade  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  98.3. 

Boundary,  bown'da-r?,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jay  co.,  Ind., 
in  Pike  township,  about  37  miles  N.  of  Richmond. 

Boundary  Peak,  of  the  Sangre  de  Cristo  Range,  in 
the  S.  part  of  Colorado,  has  an  altitude  of  12,810  feet. 

Bound  Brook,  a  post-borough  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  Raritan  River  at  the  junction  of  the  Lehigh  Valley, 
the  New  Jersey  Central,  and  the  New  York  division  of  the 
Philadelphia  <fc  Reading  Railways,  59  miles  from  Philadel- 
phia, and  31  miles  from  New  York.  It  has  7  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  ofiice,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  fab- 
rics, steam-engines,  paint,  building-paper,  gas-fixtures, 
graphite  lubricators,  <tc.  Pop.  in  1890,  including  suburbs, 
2250. 

Bonndi,  a  state  of  India.     See  Boondee. 

Bou-Noura,  boo^noo'ri,  a  town  of  the  Algerian  Sa- 
hara; lat.  32°  28'  N.,  Ion.  2°  E. ;  partly  ruined.     Pop.  500. 

Boun'tiful,  a  post-hamlet  of  Davis  co.,  Utah,  9  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Salt  Lake  City.  It  has  2  churches,  a  news- 
paper oflBce,  &C.     Pop.  2438. 

Boun'ty  Islands,  a  group  of  islands  in  the  Sonth 
Pacific,  S.E.  of  New  Zealand.     Lat.  47°  44'  S. ;  Ion.  90°  W. 

Bouquet,  village  and  river,  New  York.     See  Boquet. 

Bourbeuse  (boor^buz')  Creek,  Missouri,  is  formed 
by  several  branches,  which  drain  parts  of  Maries,  Phelps, 
and  Gasconade  cos.  The  main  stream  is  mostly  in  Frank- 
lin county,  in  which  it  runs  with  a  very  tortuous  course, 
and  enters  the  Maramec  River  about  8  miles  S.E.  of  Union. 
It  affords  much  water-power. 

Bourbon,  boor'bon,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Kan- 
sas, has  an  area  of  about  650  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Marmiton  and  Little  Osage  Rivers.  The  surface  is 
undulating  or  nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  fertile.    It  contains 


BOU 


600 


BOU 


•xtensivo  prairies,  with  grovet  of  timb«r  distributed  along 
the  streaiui.  The  staple  pruduota  arc  Indiiin  corn,  wheat, 
oattle,  and  oats.  Valuable  bods  of  bituiuinuus  coal  have 
been  opened  in  this  county,  which  is  intersected  by  the 
Miisouri,  Kansaa  A  ToxaK,  Missouri  Pacifio,  und  Kansas 
City,  Fort  Soott  <fc  Memphis  Uailroad  tystems.  The  county 
has  a  good  quality  of  limestone,  and  an  excellent  quality  of 
nndstone  adapted  to  paving  purposes.  Mineral  paint, 
cement,  and  fire-clay  are  aiKo  found  in  large  quantities. 
Capital,  Fort  Soott.  Pop.  in  1870,  15,076  j  in  1880, 1U,691 ; 
in  ISUU,  28,576. 

Bourbon*  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  Ken- 
tuoky,  has  an  area  of  about  300  square  mile.".  It  is  drained 
by  the  South  Licl^ing  River  and  Uinkston  Creek.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating;  the  soil  is  very  fertile,  and  is  based  on 
fine  Silurian  limestone.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  horses,  and 
cattle  are  the  staple  products.  This  country  ia  part  of  the 
io-colled  "  Garden  of  Kentucky,"  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Kentucky  Central  Railroad  and  Maysville  and  Lexington 
Railroad.  Capital,  Paris.  Pop.  in  1870,  14,863  j  in  1880, 
15,956;  in  18«0,  16,976. 

Bourbon,  a  post-hnmlet  of  Douglas  co..  III.,  8  miles 
by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Areola.     It  has  a  church.     Pop,  125. 

Bourbon,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago  Railroad.  95  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Chicago,  and  53  miles  W.N.W.  of  Fort  Wayne.    It  con- 
tains 4  church  organizations,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a 
saw-mill,  Salem  College  (Baptist),  which  was  founded  in 
1870,  and  a  newspaper  ofiSce.    It  has  manufactures  of  car- 
riages, furniture,  and  lumber,  and  exports  large  quantities 
of  butter,  eggs,  Ac.     Pop.  1064. 
Bourbon,  a  township  of  Boone  co..  Mo.     Pop.  2384. 
Bourbon,  a  township  of  Callaway  co..  Mo.    Pop.  1590. 
Bourbon,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Atlantic  A  Pacific  Railroad,  78  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Louis.    It 
bos  a  church. 

Bourbon,  Isle  of.  See  Reunion. 
Bourbon-Lancy,  booR'b6N"'-l&N°'see',a  town,  France, 
in  Saone-et-Loire.  26  miles  "W.N.W.  of  Charolles.  Pop.  3203. 
Bourbon-l'Archambault,  boon'b6x»'-latt'sh6irb0', 
a  town  of  France,  in  Allicr,  13  miles  W.  of  Moulins.  It  was 
capital  of  the  seigniory  of  Bourbon,  from  the  lords  of  which 
origintited  the  royal  families  of  that  name.     Pop.  3724. 

Bourbonnais,  booR^bon^ni',  an  old  province  in  the 
centre  of  France,  now  forming  the  department  of  Allier  and 
a  part  of  Cher.     Its  capital  was  Moulins. 

Bourbonnais,  boor^bon^na',  a  township  of  Kankakee 
CO.,  III.     Pop.  2068. 

Bourbonnais  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Kankakee 
CO.,  111.,  2i  miles  from  Kankakee,  is  the  seat  of  the  college 
of  St.  Viateur,  of  a  convent,  and  of  large  Catholic  schools. 
It  has  a  church. 

Bourbonne-les-Bains,    booR^bonn'-li-bixo    (anc. 
A'quie  Borvo'nis),  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute-Marne,  24 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Langrcs,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Borne  and 
Apance.     It  has  some  fine  promenades  and  fountains,  and 
magnificent  establishments  connected  with  its  saline  hot 
springs,  numerous  public  baths  and  saloons,  and  a  vast  mili- 
tary hospital.     Pop.  4185. 
Bourbon-Veudec.    See  La-Roche-sur-Yon. 
Bourbourg-Campagne,booR'booR'-k6M^pin',  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  1  mile  W.  of  Bourbourg-Ville.     Pop.  2492. 
Bourbourg>Ville,  booR'booR'veel',  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  Nord,  on  a  railway,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Dun- 
kirk.    Pop.  2431. 

Bourbriac,  booR^bre-ik',  a  village  of  France,  in  COtes 
du  Nord,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Guingamp.     Pop.  4454. 
Bourdeaux,  a  city  of  France.    See  Bordeaux. 
Bourdeaux,  booR^do',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Drome,  26  miles  S.S.E.  of  Valence.     Pop.  1262. 

Bourdeilles,  booR'di'y^h  or  booRMil',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Dordogne,  on  the  Dronne,  16  miles  N.E.  of 
P6rigueux.     Pop.  1404. 

Bour^doin',  a  township  of  Texas  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  316. 
Bou-Regreb,  a  river  of  Morocco.    See  Boo-Regreb. 
Bourgachard,  boou'gi'shaR',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Euro,  13  miles  E.  of  Pont-Andemer.     Pop.  1198. 

Bourganeuf,  booR^gi^nuf,  a  town  of  France,  in  Creuse, 
20  miles  W.  of  Aubusson,  on  the  Thaurion.     Pop.  3549. 

Bourg-Argental,    bocRg^-aR^zhAN<>'tilr,  a  town  of 
France,  in  Loire,  32  miles  S.E.  of  Montbrison.     Pop.  3411. 
Bourgas,  Eastern  Roamelia.    See  Boorghas. 
Bourg-Dieu,  a  town  of  Franco.    See  D£ols. 
Bourg'd'Oysans,  booR'-dw4'z6N"',  a  town  of  France, 
In  Isere,  on  the  Romanche,  18   miles  S.E.  of  Grenoble. 
Pop.  2773. 
lIourg-du-F6age»booB^-dii-p&'izh',  atown,  France, 


in  DrAme,  on  the  Isdro,  opposite  Romans,  with  dye-works 
and  manufactures  of  silks.     Pop.  4903. 

Bourg-en-Brcsse,  booRg*-6N»'-br488',  a  town  of 
Franco,  capital  of  the  department  of  Ain,  25  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Milcon,  at  the  crossing  of  two  railways.  It  has  a  com- 
munal college,  a  normal  school,  a  monument  in  honor  of 
Joubert,  a  ho8i)ital,  a  church  founded  by  Margaret  of  Aus- 
tria  and  containing  her  tomb,  a  library  of  25,000  volumes, 
a  botanic  garden,  and  a  fine  monument  to  Bichat  by  David 
d'Angers.     It  has  considerable  commerce.     Pop.  12,015. 

Bourges,  booazh  (anc.  Avar'icum,  afterwards  Jliiur'- 
xtiea),  a.  city  in  the  centre  of  Franco,  capital  of  the  depart. 
ment  of  Cher,  144  miles  S.  of  Paris,  on  the  Canal  du  Lorry, 
and  on  the  Railway  du  Centre,  at  the  junction  of  the  Auron, 
the  Ycvre,  the  Langis,  and  the  Moulon.  Lat.  47°  4'  09" 
N. ;  Ion.  2°  32'  E.  It  is  a  very  ancient  town.  It  has  a 
college,  a  normal  school,  a  public  library,  a  magnificent 
cathedral  founded  in  the  thirteenth  century  (one  of  the 
finest  structures  in  Europe),  a  noble  hotel  do  villc,  nianu- 
factures  of  cloth  and  cutlery,  and  commerce  in  grain,  hemp, 
and  the  porcelain  of  Foecy.  It  is  an  archbishop's  see.  It 
has  a  largo  arsenal,  a  foundry  of  cannon,  and  other  iinpor* 
tant  military  establishments,  designed  to  render  Bourges 
the  arsenal  of  France  and  the  centre  of  national  defence. 
The  city  is  of  high  antiquity.  Six  centuries  before  the 
Christian  era  it  wa^  the  capital  of  Celtic  Gaul.  It  has 
figured  largely  in  history  ever  since  the  days  of  .Julius 
Caesar;  but  since  1500  its  relative  importance  hivs  been 
much  diminished.     Pop.  35,785. 

Bourget4  booR'zha',  or  Chatillon,  shilHee'yiRo',  a 
lake  of  France,  in  Savoy,  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chambfiry. 
It  is  11  miles  in  length  by  2  miles  in  width,  and  discharges 
its  waters  into  the  Rhone  by  the  canal  of  Saviercs. 

BourgCt,  a  town  of  France,  in  Savoy,  at  the  S.  extrem- 
ity of  the  above  lake,  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  ChambSry,  with 
which  it  is  connected  by  railway.     Pop.  1709. 

Bourghas,  Eastern  Roumelia.     See  Boorgbas. 

Bourg-ia-Reine,  booR^-li^-rain',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Seine,  5  miles  S.AV.  of  Paris.     Pop.  1831. 

Bourg-Lastic,  booR^-lisHeek',  a  town  of  Franco,  in 
Puy-do-Dome,  26  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Clermont.     Pop.  1740. 

Bourg-Ies>yalence,  booR^-li^-vi'ldsss',  a  town  of 
France,  in  DrOrae,  \  mile  N.  of  Valence.     Pop.  3536. 

Bourgneuf*en-Retz,  booR'nuf-iNo-rfits,  a  seaport 
town  of  France,  in  Loire-Inferieure,  24  miles  S.W.  of 
Nantes.     Pop.  2837. 

Bourgogne.    See  Burgundy. 

Bourgoin,  booR^gwin"'  (anc.  Bergu'sium),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Is&re,  on  the  Bourbre,  7  miles  W.  of  La-Tour-du- 
Pin.  It  has  manufactures  of  calicoes,  beet-root  sugar,  and 
paper.     Pop,  4850. 

Bourg-St.-And^ol,  booR'-siN"^-tiN»Mi'ol',  a  town 
of  France,  department  of  Ard^che,  on  the  Rhone,  35  miles 
S.  of  Privas.     Pop.  4332. 

Bourg- St. •Maurice,  booR^-s&No^-moVcece',  a  town 
of  France,  in  Savoy,  on  the  Isere,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Moutiers. 
near  the  Little  St.  Ijernard  Pass.     Pop.  2522. 

Bourg- sur-Gironde,  booR^-sUK'-zhee*r6Nd',  a  town 
of  France,  department  of  Gironde,  on  the  Dordogne,  14 
miles  N.  of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  2712. 

Bourgueil,  booR^guI'  (anc.  Bur  go' Hum),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Indre-et-Loire,  27  miles  W.S.W.  of  Tours. 
Pop.  3304. 

Bourguignon  ("Burgundian").    See  Burgundy. 

Bourraont,  booR^m6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  UautO' 
Marne,  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Chaumont.     Pop.  872. 

Bournabat,  Asia  Minor.     See  Boornabat. 

Bourne,  burn,  a  post-town  of  Barnstable  co.,  Mass., 
with  a  station  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  about  17  miles 
W,  of  Barnstable,     Pop,  in  1890,  1442. 

Bourne,  bom,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lincoln,  near 
the  Fens,  at  a  railway  junction,  34  miles  S.S.E,  of  Lincoln. 
It  has  a  fine  Gothic  church,  a  town  hall,  an  endowed  school, 
a  hospital  and  almshouse,  a  workhouse,  a  bank,  tnn-yards, 
and  a  trade  in  wool  and  malt,  facilitated  by  a  canal  to  Boston. 
Many  Roman  coins  have  been  found  here.     Pop.  3098. 

Bournemouth,  born'muth,  a  village  of  England,  co. 
of  Hants,  6  miles  by  rail  W'.  by  S.  of  Christ  Church,  It 
lies  on  the  coast,  and,  having  become  a  place  of  fiishion- 
able  resort  for  bathing,  many  tasteful  villas  have  sprung  up. 

Bourneville,  born'vil,  a  post-village  of  Ross  co„  0,, 
in  Twin  township,  on  Paint  Creek,  11  miles  W,S,W.  of 
Chillicothe.  It  has  3  or  4  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
carriage-shop.     Pop.  208. 

Bourn's  Liand'ing,  a  hamlet  of  Mendocino  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  Pacific  Ocean,  43  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cloverdale. 

Bouro,  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago.  See  BoORO. 


ISI 


BOU 


691 


BOW 


Bonrtange,  bowK'ting^n^h  or  booRHftxzh',  a  town  and 
itrong  fortress  of  the  Netherlands,  in  the  Bourtanger  Morass^ 
81  miles  S.E.  of  Groningen.  Pop.  360. 
.  .  Bourtanger Morass,bowu'tilng^n?r(orbooR't4ng*5r) 
moo-r.iss',  an  extensive  morass  or  swamp,  upwards  of  40 
miles  in  length,  on  the  confines  of  Germany  and  the  Neth- 
erlands, on  the  Ems. 

Bou  Sada,  boo  s3,'d4,  a  town  of  Algeria,  lat.  35°  33' 
N.,  Ion.  4°  9'  E.,  in  a  fertile  site,  in  the  midst  of  an  arid 
plain,  among  the  Atlas  Mountains.     Pop.  4269. 

Bou ssa,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Boossa. 

Boussac,  boos^sik',  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Creuse,  20 
miles  N.E.  of  Gueret.     Pop.  1011. 

Boussieres,  boos*se-aiR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Doubs, 
9  miles  S.W.  of  Besanyon.     Pop.  222. 

Boussole  (boo'sol')  Strait  is  the  channel  which  con- 
nects the  Sea  of  Okhotsk  with  the  Pacific,  in  the  centre  of 
the  Kooril  Islands.     Lat.  46°  30'  N. 

Boussu,  boos^sii',  a  town  of  Belgium,  province  of  Ilai- 
naut,  7  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Mons,  on  the  llainc.    Pop.  6638. 

Boutan,  a  state  of  India.    See  Bootan. 

Bout  de  I'Isle.     See  Sainte  Anne  Bout  de  i/Isle. 

Bouton,  one  of  the  Malay  Islands.    See  Booton. 

Boutonnc,  boo't6nn',  a  river  of  Franco,  in  Deux- 
SSvres  and  Charente-Inforieure,  joins  the  Charente,  8  miles 
E.  of  lloehefort,  after  a  S.W.  course  of  65  miles. 

Boutouville,  buw't^n-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westchester 
eo..  N.Y.,  3  miles  W,  of  Ridgefleld,  Conn. 

Boutte,  boot,  a  post-office  and  station  of  St.  Charles 
parish.  La.,  on  Morgan's  Louisiana  &  Te.xas  Railroad,  24 
miles  W.  of  New  Orleans. 

Boutwell,  bowt'well,  apost-ofiBceof  Edgefield  cc,  S.C., 
23  miles  N.AV.  of  Augusta,  Ga. 

Bouvignes,  booS'eefi',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
and  14  miles  S.  of  Namur,  on  the  Meuse.     Pop.  1000. 

Bouvincs,  boo'^veen',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Nord,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Lille.     Pop.  590. 

Bouxvillcr,  the  French  for  Buchsweileu. 

Bouzonville,  a  town  of  Lorraine.     See  Busendorp. 

Bouzoulouk,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Booz.oolook. 

Bova,  bo'vi,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Calabria,  province  and 
18  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Reggio.  It  is  a  bishop's  see. 
Pop.  3438. 

Bovali,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Boali. 

Bovenden,  bo'ven-den,  a  town  of  Hanover,  Prussia,  4 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Gottingen.     Pop.  1527. 

Boves,  bo'vSs,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  4  miles  S. 
of  Coni.     Pop,  3268. 

Boves,  bov,  a  village  of  France,  in  Somme,  on  the  Rail- 
way du  Nord,  4  miles  S.  of  Amiens.     Pop.  1828. 

Bo'vey  Tra'cey,  or  South  Bovey,  a  village  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  Devon,  on  a  railway,  3  miles  W.  of  Chudleigh, 
noted  for  its  lignite-mines  and  its  clay-pits  and  potteries. 
Pop.  of  parish,  2133. 

Bovianum,  the  ancient  name  of  Bojano. 

Bovi'na,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co..  Miss.,  on  the 
Vicksburg  &  Meridian  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Big 
Black  River,  10  miles  E,  of  Vicksburg.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  broom-factory,  <te, 

Bovina,  a  post-township  of  Delaware  co,,  N,Y.  Pop. 
983.  It  contains  the  post-village  of  Bovina  Centre,  which 
is  9  miles  E.  of  Delhi,  and  has  3  churches  and  200  inhabi- 
tants. 

Bo'vine,  a  hamlet  of  Gibson  co.,  Ind.,  on  Patoka  Creek, 
8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Princeton.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  saw-mill. 

Bovine,  bo-veen',  or  Big  Brushy,  a  post-village  of 
Lavaca  co.,  Tex.,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Cuero.  It  has  2  churches. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Bovine. 

Bovine,  a  station  in  Box  Elder  co.,  Utah,  on  the  Cen- 
tral  Pacific  Railroad,  117  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Brigham  City. 

Bovine  (bo-veen')  Bend,  a  post-hamlet  of  Austin  co., 
Tex.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Brazos  River,  8  miles  from  East 
Bernard  Railroad  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bovino,  bo-vee'no  (anc.  Vibi'num),  a  town  and  bishop's 
see  of  Italy,  province  and  18  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Foggia; 
famous  for  its  brigandage.     Pop.  7088. 

Bovolenta,  bo-vo-14n'ti,  a  village  of  Italy,  government 
of  Venice,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Padua.     Pop.  3081. 

Bow,  England.     See  Stratfoud-le-Bow. 

Bow,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Merrimac  co., 
N.H.,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Merrimac  River,  It  has 
2  churches.  Pop.  745,  Bow  Post-Office  is  5  miles  S,  of 
Concord, 

Bowanee,  a  town  of  India.    See  Bhewansee. 

Bow  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Phillips  co.,  Kansas. 

Uowden's,  b6w'd§nz,  a  post-office  of  Duplin  co,,  N.C., 


on  the  Wilmington  <t  Weldon  Railroad,  58  miles  N.  of 
Wilmington. 
Bowditch  (bSw'ditch)  Island,  or  Fakaofo,  {&- 

ka,-o'fo,  an  island  in  the  Pacific,  lat.  9°  26'  S.,  Ion.  170* 
12'  W. :  discovered  by  Wilkes's  expedition  in  1841. 

Bowdle,  a  post-village  of  Edmunds  co.,  S.D.,  57  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Aberdeen.  It  has  two  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  2  banks,  a  graded  school,  <fcc.     Pop.  426. 

Bowdoin,  bo'd?n,  a  township  of  Sagadahoc  co..  Me., 
22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Augusta.    It  has  4  churches.    Pop.  1345. 

Bowdoin  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sagadahoc  co., 
Me.,  in  Bowdoin  township,  4i  miles  from  Bowdoinham 
Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church  and  a  high  school. 

Bowdoinham,  bo'd^n-ham,  a  post-village  of  Saga- 
dahoc CO.,  Me.,  in  Bowdoinham  township,  on  the  Maine 
Central  Railroad  (Augusta  division),  8  miles  N.  of  Bruns- 
wick, and  35  miles  N.E.  of  Portland.  It  is  nearly  2  miles 
W.  of  Merry  Meeting  Bay,  an  expansion  of  the  Kennebec 
River,  which  forms  the  E.  boundary  of  the  township.  It 
has  3  or  4  churches,  a  national  bank,  and  manufactures  of 
lumber,  clothing,  and  plaster.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1804. 

Bowdon,  bo'dpn,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Ga.,  12 
miles  from  Carrollton,  and  about  60  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Atlanta. 
It  contains  3  churches,  the  Bowdon  College,  and  a  flour- 
mill.     Gold  is  found  near  this  place.     Pop.  350. 

BoAvdre,  a  township  of  Douglas  co..  111.  Pop.  1313. 
It  contains  Hugo. 

Bowen,  bo'^n,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co..  111.,  in 
Chili  township,  on  the  Keokuk  Branch  of  the  Wabash 
Railroad,  27  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Keokuk,  Iowa.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  brick-  and 
tile-works,  a  newspaper  office,  <feo.     Pop.  400. 

Bowen,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jones  oo,,  Iowa,  32  miles 
S.W.  of  Dubuque.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bowen,  a  township,  Colleton  co.,  S.O.     Pop.  1467. 

Bowen,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  W.  Va.,  10  miles 
N.  of  Wayne  Court-House. 

Bowen,  Hastings  co.,  Ontario.    See  Mill  Point. 

Bowen  Island,  in  British  Columbia,  is  in  the  Gulf  of 
Georgia,  at  the  entrance  of  Howe'Sound. 

Bowens,  bo'§nz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calvert  co.,  Md.,  6 
miles  S.  of  Prince  Fredericktown. 

Bowens,  a  station  at  the  hamlet  of  Crosby,  Kent  co., 
Mich.,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Grand  Rapids. 

Bowen's  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Oswego  co,,  N,Y,, 
14  miles  S,  of  Oswego. 

Bowen's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barry  co.,  Mich.,  6 
miles  S.  of  Middleville  Station.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

BowentOAvn,  bo'?n-town,  a  station  of  the  New  .Jersey 
Southern  Railroad,  in  Cumberland  co.,  3  miles  S.W.  of 
Bridgeton. 

Bowenville,  bo'en-vil,  a  post-villnge  of  Carroll  co., 
Ga.,  about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Atlanta.  It  is  on  the  Savan- 
nah, Griffin  &  North  Alabama  Railroad,  1  mile  from  AVhites- 
burg.  It  has  2  churches,  a  cotton-factory,  a  paper-mill,  a 
machine-shop,  Ac. 

Bowenville,  a  station  in  the  city  of  Fall  River,  Mass., 
on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  48  miles  S.  of  Boston,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Fall  River,  Warren  <fc  Providence  Railroad. 

BoAvenville,  a  hamlet  of  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Rappahannock  River,  and  on  the  Virginia  Midland  Rail- 
road, 51  miles  W,  by  S.  of  Alexandria.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  flour-mill. 

Bower,  b6w'?r,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Neb., 
about  50  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lincoln. 

BoAver,  a  post-office  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.,  is  at  Lewis- 
ville,  a  hamlet  about  35  miles  N.N.W.  of  Altoona. 

BoAv'erbank,  a  plantation,  Piscataquis  co..  Me.   P.  83. 

BoAverhill,  bow'er-hiP,  a  station  in  Scott  township, 
Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Chartiers  Railroad,  i  mile  S.  of 
Woodville.     Here  are  mines  of  soft  coal. 

Bower  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co..  Pa., 
about  17  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Pittsburg. 

Bowers,  bow'^rz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  Logansport,  Crawfordsville  &  Southwestern 
Railroad,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Crawfordsville. 

Bowers  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Norfolk  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Seaboard  A  Roanoke  Railroad,  8  miles  S.W,  of  Portsmouth. 

Bower's  Mills,  Lawrence  co..  Mo.    See  Lyons. 

Bower's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  East  Pennsylvania  Railroad.  16  miles  N.E.  of  Reading. 
It  has  a  church. 

^  Bowerston,  bSw'^rz-ton,  a  post-village  of  Harrison 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Pittsburg  &  Columbus  Railroad,  40  miles  W. 
of  Steubenville.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  newspaper. 

BoAversville,  bow'^rz-vil,  a  post-village  of  Hart  co., 


BOW 


69a 


BOX 


a».,  about  38  milea  N.N.E.  of  Athens.    It  has  2  stores,  a 
(rist-mill,  and  a  saw-mil).     Pop.  150. 

Bowersville,  a  post-villugo  of  Greene  oo.,  0.,  in  Jef- 
ferson township,  about  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Dayton.  It  has 
8  ohurohm.     Pop.  193. 

Bow'ery  Ileach,  a  posit-offioe  and  summer  resort  of 
Cumberland  oo.,  Me.,  on  the  ocean,  7  miles  S.  of  Portland. 
It  has  a  ohurcb  and  a  superior  hotel. 

DowTell,  a  mountain  of  England,  co.  of  Westmoreland, 
8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Amblcaidc.     Elevation,  2911  feet. 

Bowie,  boo'ce,  a  county  forming  the  N.E.  extremity  of 
Texas,  has  an  area  of  about  900  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  Ued  Kiver,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  Sulphur  Fork 
of  that  river.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  is 
mostly  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton  and 
Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Texarkana. 
Pop.  in  1870,4684;  in  1880,  10,963;  in  1890,20,267.  It 
is  intersected  by  (he  Texas  and  Pacific  Railroad. 

Bowie,  a  post-village  of  Prince  George's  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Baltimore  A  Potomac  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the 
Pope's  Creek  Branch,  25  miles  S.S.W.  of  Baltimore,  and  16 
miles  from  Washington.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  public 
school.     Pop.  about  300. 

Bowie,  a  city  of  Montague  co.,  Tex.,  68  miles  by  rail 
N.  by  W.  of  Fort  Worth.  It  hns  6  ohurcbes,  2  newspaper 
offices,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  1500. 

Bowie's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Harnett  co.,  N.C. 

Bow  (or  Harp)  Island,  an  island  of  the  Low  Archi- 
pelago, Pacific  Ocean.  Lat.  of  the  N.E.  point,  18°  6'  18" 
8. ;  Ion.  1 40°  51'  15"  W.  It  is  of  coral  formation,  30  miles 
in  length  by  5  miles  in  breath,  nnd  bow-shnped. 

Bow'lan,  a  township  of  Shannon  co..  Mo.     Pop.  156. 

BowMand  Forest,  in  Englund,  cos.  of  York  (West 
Riding)  and  Lancaster,  10  miles  JN.W.  of  Clitheroe,  has  an 
area  of  25,700  acres. 

Bowler's  (b5'l?rz)  Wharf,  a  post-office  and  steamboat 
landing  of  Essex  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Rappahannock  River, 
about  40  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Bowles,  b51z,  a  post-office  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C. 

Bowlesville,  bolz'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albemarle  co., 
Va.,  10  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Charlottesville,  and  5  miles  W. 
of  Cobham.     It  hns  stores,  &C. 

Bowling,  bS'ling,  a  township  of  Rock  Island  oo.,  III. 
Pop.  952. 

Bowling  Green,  a  village  of  Fayette  oo..  III.,  in 
Bowling  Green  township,  about  50  miles  S.  of  Decatur. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1097. 

Bowling  Green,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Washington  township,  on  the  Eel  River,  about  24  miles  E. 
by  S.  from  Terre  Haute.  It  has  a  bank,  3  churches,  a  graded 
school,  2  flour-mills,  2  carriage-shops,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Good  coal  is  mined  near  this  place.     Pop.  606. 

Bowling  Green,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Warren  co., 
Ky.,  is  on  the  Barren  River,  and  on  the  Louisville  &  Great 
Southern  Railroad,  114  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Louisville,  and 
71  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Nashville.  One  branch  of  the  rail- 
road connects  it  with  Nashville,  and  another  with  Memphis, 
and,  being  at  the  head  of  navigation,  it  is  an  important  ship- 
ping-point. It  contains  a  college,  a  national  bank,  2  other 
Danks,  a  woollen-factory,  several  mills,  a  foundry,  a  Cath- 
olic academy,  11  churches,  and  gas-works  and  water- works. 
Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  P.  (1890)  7803. 

Bowling  Green,  a  township  of  Chariton  co..  Mo. 
Pop.  1406. 

BoAVling  Green,  a  township  of  Pettis  co..  Mo.  Pop. 
2467.      It  contains  Smithton. 

Bowling  Green,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pike  co.. 
Mo.,  on  the  Chicago  <fe  Alton  nnd  the  St.  Louis,  Hannibal  <t 
Keokuk  Railroads,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Louisiana,  and  32  miles 
6.  by  E.  from  Hannibal.  It  has  6  churches,  2  newspaper 
offices,  2  banks,  a  college,  a  public  school,  with  woolltn- 
and  flouring-mills,  a  tannery,  and  mineral  springs.  Pop. 
1564. 

Bowling  Green,  a  township  of  Licking  co.,  0.  Pop. 
1042.     It  includes  Brownsville  and  Linnville. 

Bowling  Green,  township,  Marion  co.,  0.     Pop.  903. 

Bowling  Green,  a  post-village,  capital  of  AVopd  co., 
C,  in  Centre  and  Plain  townships,  24  miles  S.  by  W.  from 
Toledo,  and  about  30  miles  W.  of  Fremont.  It  is  connected 
with  Tontogany  by  the  Bowling  Green  Railroad.  It  has  6 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  sash-  and  blind-factory,  a  na- 
tional and  2  private  banks,  a  daily  and  3  weekly  news- 
papers, a  foundry,  machine-works,  and  4  glass-factories. 
Oil  is  found  in  large  quantities  in  tiiis  locality.    Pop.  3467. 

Bowling  Green,  a  post-office  of  York  co.,  S.C.  • 

Bowling  Green,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Caroline 
po.   Va.,  is  on  the  Mattapony  River,  and  near  the  Rich- 


mond, Fredericksburg  A  Potomac  Railroad  (Milford  Sta- 
tion), 44  miles  N.  of  Richmond.  It  has  4  churches,  an 
academy,  a  female  seminary,  graded  public  schools,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  several  coach-making  establishments. 
Pop.  600. 

Bowlusville,  bfiw'ias-vll,  a  post-village  of  Clark  co., 
0  ,  on  the  Atlantic  A,  Great  Western  Railroad,  8  miles  N. 
of  Springfield. 

Bowman,  b5'm§.n.  a  post-town  of  Elbert  co.,  Ga.,  13 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Elberton.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
high  school.     Pop.  500. 

Bowman's,  a  station  in  Somerset  co.,  Pa.,  43  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Connellsville. 

Bowman's  Bluff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henderson  co., 
N.C,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Hendersunville.  It  has  2  churches 
and  an  academy.     Pop.  100. 

Bowman's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Wyoming  co.,  Pa., 
is  at  the  village  of  Monroe. 

Bowmansdale,  bo'manz-dil,  a  station  in  Cumber- 
land CO.,  Pa.,  9  miles  bv  rail  S.W.  of  Harrisburg. 

Bowmansville,  bS'manz-vil,  a  post-village  of  Erie 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Lancaster  township,  about  12  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
Buffalo,  and  2  miles  from  the  New  York  Central  Railroad. 
It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  n  grist-mill,  Ac.    Pop.  about  250. 

Bowmansville,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa., 
in  Brecknock  township,  about  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Reading. 
It  has  a  tannery  and  a  grist-mill. 

Bownianville,  bd'man-vil,  a  hamlet  of  Cook  co.,  III., 
in  Jefferson  township,  1  mile  from  Rose  Hill  Railroad  Sta- 
tion.    It  has  a  high  school  and  a  brewery. 

Bowmanville,  a  port  of  entry  in  Durham  co.,  On- 
tario, with  an  excellent  harbor  on  Lake  Ontario,  42  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Toronto.  It  contains  the  Ontario  bank,  an 
agency  of  the  Royal  Canadian  bank,  and  a  meclianics'  in- 
stitute. It  has  3  weekly  newspapers,  several  churches  and 
hotels,  and  manufactories  of  iron  ca.stings,  maeliincry, 
woollens,  hoop-skirts,  furniture,  carriages,  leather,  boots 
and  shoes,  cabinetware,  Ac.  Pop.  3000.  Its  landing  is  2i 
miles  from  the  town,  and  is  known  as  Port  Darlington. 

BoAV  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Merrimac  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Bow  township,  on  the  Merrimac  River,  2i  miles  S.  of  Con- 
cord.    It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Bowmore,  a  village  of  Ontario.    See  Duntroox. 

Bowne,  bown,  a  post-township  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Grand  Rapids.    It  has  4  churches.    Pop.  1240. 

BoAV^ness',  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Westmoreland, 
on  Lake  Windermere,  7i  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Kendal. 
Pop.  1415. 

Bo'wood,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  7 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Ailsa  Craig.     Pop.  170. 

Bowser,  bow'z^r,  a  hamlet  in  Licking  township,  Black- 
ford CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Fort  AVayne,  Muncie  &  Cincinnati 
Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Hartford  City.  It  has  a  heading- 
factory. 

BoAv'town,  a  plantation  of  Somerset  co.,  Me.    Pop.  14. 

Bow  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cedar  co.,  Neb.,  about 
18  miles  S.E.  of  Yankton,  Dakota.     It  has  a  church. 

Box,  a  township  of  Cedar  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1307. 

Boxberg,  bo.\'b5itG,  a  small  town  of  Baden,  5  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Konigshofen.     Pop.  666. 

Boxborough,  box'bQr-ruh,  a  township  of  Middlesex 
CO.,  Mass.,  traversed  by  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  24  miles 
from  Boston.     Pop.  318. 

Box  EI'der,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Utah,  border- 
ing on  Idaho.  It  is  intersected  by  Bsar  River,  and  bounded 
on  the  S.E.  by  Great  Salt  Lake,  which  extends  into  the 
middle  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  partly  mountainous, 
and  the  Wahsatcli  Mountain  range  extends  along  its  E.  bor- 
der ;  the  soil  of  the  valleys  produces  some  wheat,  barley,  Ac. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital, 
Brigham  City  (Box  Elder).  Pop.  in  1870,  4855,  of  whom 
2795  were  Americans;  in  1880,  6761;  in  1890,  7642. 

Box  Elder,  a  station  in  Arapahoe  co..  Col.,  on  the 
Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  21  miles  E.  of  Denver. 

Box  Elder,  Utah,  the  post-office  name  of  Brigham  Cirr. 

Box'ford,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  in  Box- 
ford  township,  1  mile  from  Boxford  depot  on  the  Danvers 
&  Newburyport  Railroad,  which  is  28  miles  N.  of  Boston. 
It  hiis  a  cliurch.  The  township  has  2  churches,  3  grist- 
mills, and  3  saw-mills.     Pop.  847.     See  AVkst  Boxfoud. 

Boxford  Station,  in  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  is  on  the 
Salem  A  Lawrence  Railroad,  in  North  Andover  township, 
near  the  line  of  Boxford,  and  5  miles  S.E.  of  Lawrence. 

Box  Grove,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  ?>i 
miles  from  Markham.  It  has  good  water-power,  a  woollen- 
factory,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  150. 

Box  Hill,  in  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  2  miles  N.E.  of 


BOX 


693 


BOY 


Barking,  forms  part  of  the  range  of  Northdowns,  and  is 
remarkable  for  a  flourishing  wood  of  box-trees. 

Box'ley,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  Ind.,  in  Adams 
township,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Indianapolis. 

Boxniecr,  box^maiR',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
North  Brabant.  28  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bois-le-Duc,  near  the 
Mouse.     Pop.  2082. 

Box  Spring,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Talbot  co., 
Ga.,  on  the  Southwestern  Eailroad,  23  miles  E.N.E.  of  Co- 
lumbus.    It  has  a  church. 

Box  Springs,  a  station  in  Eureka  co.,  Nev.,  on  the 
Eureka  &  Palisade  Railroad,  28  miles  S.  of  Palisade. 

Boxtel,  box't^l,  a  village  and  railway  junction  of  the 

Netherlands,  North  Brabant,  on  the  Dommel,  6  miles  S.  of 
lois-le-Duc.     Pop.  4788. 

Box'viile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  Ky.,  14  miles 

oni  Sebree.     It  has  a  tobacco- factory. 

Boyacd,  bo-yi^kS,',  a  department  of  the  republic  of 

Dlombia,  bounded  E.  by  Venezuela,  and  traversed  by  the 
Lndes.  Area,  36,000  square  miles.  Its  eastern  part  is 
Bvel.     The  best  emeralds  are  obtained  at  Muso,  in  this 

ite.     Capital,  Tunja.     Pop.  in  1881,  702,000. 
I'  Boyaca,  a  village  of  the  department  of  Boyacd,  Co- 
Dmbia,   5  miles  S.  of  Tunja,  celebrated  for  the  victory 
|ained  by  Bolivar  over  the  Spaniards,  7th  August,  1819, 
fbich  secured  the  independence  of  Colombia. 

Boyana,  bo-yi'ni,  a  bay  and  town  on  the  N.W.  coast 
of  Madagascar,  about  70  miles  E.  of  Cape  St.  Andrew. 

Boyce,  boiss,  a  station  in  Hamilton  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Western  &  Atlantic  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of  Chattanooga. 

Boyce's,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Char- 
tiers  Railroad,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Pittsburg. 

Boyd,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  pait  of  Kentucky,  has  an 
area  of  about  100  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E. 
by  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  E.  by  the  Big  Sandy  River. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Lexington  <t  Big  Sandy  Railroad. 
The  surface  is  hilly,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests.  Beds 
of  coal  are  found  here.  Capital,  Catlettsburg.  Pop.  in 
1870,  8573;  iu  1880,  12,165;  in  1890,  14,033. 

Boyd,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ken- 
tucky Central  Railroad,  51  miles  S.  by  E.  from  Cincinnati, 
0.     It  has  a  church,  2  general  stores,  (fee. 

Boyd,  a  post-village  of  Chippewa  co.,  Wis.,  18  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Chippewa  Falls.  It  has  a  church,  several  stores, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  about  500. 

Boyd,  a  township  of  Transylvania  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  448. 

Boy'den,  a  post-village  of  Sioux  co.,  Iowa,  34  miles  by 
rail  E.S.E.  of  Canton,  and  7  miles  W.  of  Sheldon.  It  has 
3  church  organizations,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  news- 
paper ofiBce,  and  a  tow-mill.     PoP-  277. 

Boyd  Farm,  a  station  in  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
railroad  from  Oil  City  to  Titusville,  8  miles  N.  of  Oil  City. 

Boyd  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Piscataquis  co..  Me.,  on 
a  small  lake,  and  on  the  Bangor  &  Piscataquis  Railroad,  16 
miles  E.  of  Dover.  It  has  a  lumber-mill  and  an  excelsior- 
factory. 

Boyd's,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Metropolitan  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  29 
miles  N.AV.  of  Washington,  D.C.  It  has  a  church.  Pop. 
about  200. 

Boyd's,  a  station  on  the  Danville,  Hazleton  &  Wilkes- 
barre  Railroad,  1  mile  E.  of  Danville,  Pa. 

Boyd's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sevier  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  French  Broad  River,  about  20  miles  E.  of  Knoxville. 
It  has  a  church. 

Boyd's  Landing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hardin  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Tennessee  River.     It  has  2  churches. 

Boyd's  Mills,  Ohio.     See  Avondale. 

Boyd's  Switch,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Jackson 
CO.,  Ala.,  on  the  Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad,  31  miles 
E.  of  Huntsville.     It  has  a  lime-kiln. 

Boyd's  Tavern,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albemarle  co.,  Va., 
9  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Charlottesville. 

Boyds'ville,  a  post-villuge,  one  of  the  capitals  of  Clay 
CO.,  Ark.,  about  9  miles  N.W.  of  Rector,  and  about  12  miles 
S.E.  of  Corning,  its  nearest  railroad  station.  It  has  a 
church,  2  stove-factorie;3,  2  cotton-gins,  and  2  grist-mills. 
Pop.  100. 

Boydsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Graves  co.,  Ky.,  20  miles 
from  Mayfield.     It  h.as  2  churches. 

Boydsville,  a  village  of  Weakley  oo.,  Tenn.,  18  miles 
E.  of  Dresden. 

Boyd'tou,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Mecklenburg  co., 
Va.,  about  70  miles  S.W.  of  Petersburg,  and  4  miles  N.  of 
the  Roanoke  River.     It  has  3  churches,  a  female  college,  a- 
bank,  a  newspaper  oflBce,  a  coach-factory,  and  a  tobacco- 
^Mi^rv.    Pop.  about  800. 


Boyd'town,  a  port  of  New  South  Wales,  Australia,  on 
Twofold  Bay,  a  harbor  of  refuge,  about  lat.  37°  6'  S.,  Ira. 
149°  58'  E. 

Boy'er,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  224. 

Boyer,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  674. 

Boyer,  a  station  in  Adams  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Littlestown 
Railroad,  24  miles  S.W.  of  York. 

Boyer  River,  Iowa,  rises  in  Sao  co.,  runs  southwest- 
ward  through  Crawford  and  Harrison  cos.,  and  enters  the 
Missouri  River  about  20  miles  above  Council  Bluffs.  It  ia 
nearly  130  miles  long. 

Boy'ertown,  or  Boy'erstown,  a  post-borough  of 
Berks  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Colebrookdale  Railroad,  48  miles 
N.W.  of  Philadelphia,  and  about  16  miles  E.  of  Reading. 
It  contains  the  Kallynean  Academy,  Mt.  Pleasant  Semi- 
nary, 7  churches,  2  banks,  cigar-factories,  iron-mines,  and 
manufactures  of  carriages  and  machinery.  One  weekly 
German  newspaper  is  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1436. 

Boyer  Valley,  a  township  of  Sao  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  234. 

Boy'kin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Escambia  co.,  Ala.,  12  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Brewton. 

Boykin,  a  post-hamlet  on  the  Camden  Branch  of  the 
South  Carolina  Railroad,  in  Kershaw  co.,  S.C,  9  miles  S. 
of  Camden. 

Boykins,  a  post-village  of  Southampton  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Seaboard  &  Roanoke  Railroad,  55  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Portsmouth.     It  has  a  church  and  a  coach- factory. 

Boyle,  boil,  a  town  and  parish  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Ros- 
common, on  the  river  Boyle,  8  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Car- 
rick-on-Shannon.     Pop.  of  the  town,  3347. 

Boyle,  boil,  a  county  in  Central  Kentucky,  has  an  area 
of  about  ISO  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Dicks  River  and 
the  sources  of  Salt  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  ;  the 
soil  is  deep  and  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  Limestone  is  abundant  in  this  county, 
which  is  intersected  by  a  branch  of  the  Louisville  &  Great 
Southern  Railroad  and  the  Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad. 
Capital,  Danville.  Pop.  in  1870,  9515;  in  1880,  11,930;  in 
1890,  12,948. 

Boyle,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Jefferson  co.,  Kan- 
sas, on  the  Kansas  Central  Railroad,  30  miles  W.  of  Leaven- 
worth.    It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 

Boyle,  a  post-office  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa. 

Boy'ler's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co..  Mo.,  30 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Sedalia.  It  has  a  flour-mill.  Lead  is 
mined  here. 

Boyleston,  boilz't^n,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co., 
Ind.,  7  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Frankfort,  and  31  miles  E.  of 
Lafayette.  It  has  a  church,  a  public  school,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  about  150. 

Boyleston,  a  post  office  of  Henry  co.,  Iowa. 

Boylston,  boilz't9n,  a  post-hamlet  of  Worcester  co., 
Mass.,  in  Boylston  township,  12  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Worcester. 
It  hiis  a  church,  a  town  hall,  and  a  cotton-factory.  The  town- 
ship has  a  m.inufactory  of  vinegar.     Pop.  of  township,  895. 

Boylston,  a  township  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  1132. 
The  name  of  the  post-office  is  Boylston  Centre. 

Boylston  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Worcester  eo., 
Mass.,  in  Boylston  township,  about  38  miles  W.  of  Boston. 

Boylston  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y. 

Boylston  Station,  in  Suffolk  co.,  Mass.,  is  within  the 
limits  of  Boston,  and  on  the  Boston  &  Providence  Railroad, 
3  miles  from  the  city  proper.  At  this  place  are  a  brewery, 
a  tannery,  and  a  union  chapel. 

Boyne,  boin,  a  river  of  Ireland,  in  Leinster,  rises  in  the 
Bog  of  Allen,  near  Carbery,  flows  generally  N.E.,  and  4 
miles  below  Drogheda  enters  the  Irish  Sea.  It  is  navi- 
gable at  high  water  for  vessels  of  200  tons  to  Drogheda. 
About  2J  miles  W.  of  Drogheda,  an  obelisk  marks  the  spot 
where  William  III.,  on  the  1st  of  July,  1690  (O.S.),  gained 
the  victory  known  as  the  "  Battle  of  the  Boyne." 

Boyne,  a  river  of  Eastern  Australia,  enters  Hervey's 
Bay  in  lat.  24°  30'  S.,  Ion.  152°  E. 

Boyne,  boin,  a  post  village,  capital  of  Charlevoi.^  co., 
Mich.,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Charlevoix.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  several  lumber-mills.  Pop. 
800. 

Boyne  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Charlevoix  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  Grand  Rapids  &,  Indiana  Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of 
Petoskey.  It  has  2  churches,  a  public  school,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  manufactures  of  broom-handles,  shingles,  chairs, 
wagons,  sleighs,  <fec.     Pop.  about  400. 

Boyn'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tazewell  co.,  111.,  in  Boyn- 
ton  township,  about  25  miles  S.S.E.  of  Peoria.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  820. 

Boynton,  or  Sandy  Ridge,  a  station  in  Centre  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Tyrone  &  Clearfield  Railroad,  20  miles  S.E.  of 


BOY 


694 


BRA 


Clearfield.  Here  are  ooal-mlnes.  The  post-ofBoe  name  is 
Sandy  Ridge. 

Uoyn'tonvillc,  a  post-rillage  of  Rensselaer  oo.,  N.T., 
In  Pittstown  township,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Troy.  It  h&a  2 
ebnrohea  and  2  hotels.     Pop.  about  140. 

Bozeman,  bOi'm%n,  a  thriving  city,  capital  of  Qallatin 
eo.,  Montana,  in  a  mountainous  country,  on  the  Northern 
Paoiflc  Railroad,  98  miles  S.S.E.  of  Helena.  It  Is  on  a 
small  affluent  of  the  Gallatin  River,  and  is  surrounded 
with  beautiful  scenery.  Bozeman  contains  7  churohcai,  2 
banks,  an  aendctuy,  3  newspaper  offices,  and  extensive 
Hour-mills.  Gold  is  found  near  this  place.  Pop.  in  1880, 
894;  in  1890,  2143. 

Bozeman  Creek,  Gallatin  co.,  Montana,  issnes  from 
Mystic  Lake,  which  is  646S  feet  above  the  sea-level.  It 
runs  northwestward,  and  enters  the  East  Fork  of  the  Gal- 
latin River  near  Bozeman.  In  the  upper  part  of  its  course 
it  rushes  through  a  deep  canon,  and  falls,  by  several  cascades, 
about  500  feet  in  a  distance  of  ^  of  a  mile. 

Bozrah,  boz'r&  (more  properly,  Bos'tra),  a  ruined 
town  of  Syria,  pashalio  and  76  miles  S.S.E.  of  Damascus.  It 
is  situated  on  the  plains,  in  the  S.E.  extremity  of  the  Uauran. 
It  gives  title  to  a  United  Greek  bishop. 

Bozrah,  an  ancient  town  of  Idumoea,  probably  stood 
at  Busseireh,  an  Arab  village,  .SO  miles  S.W.  of  the  Dead  Sea. 

Boz'rah,  a  township  of  New  London  co.,  Conn.,  about 
4  miles  W.  of  Norwich.  It  contains  Bozrahville  and  Fitch- 
Tille.     Pop.  1005. 

Boz'rahville,  a  post-village  of  New  London  co..  Conn., 
in  Bozrah  township,  about  4  miles  N.W.  of  Yantic.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  cotton-factory. 

Bozzolo,  bot'so-lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  16 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Mantua.     Pop.  3966. 

Bra,  bri,  a  town  of  Italy,  at  a  railway  junction,  25 
miles  N.E.  of  Conl.  It  has  a  gymnasium,  foundries,  manu- 
factures of  silk,  and  a  large  trade.     Pop.  13,509. 

Braa,  a  river  of  Prussia.    See  Brahe. 

Braake,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Brake. 

Brabant,  bri-bant'  or  brab'ant  (Fr.  pron.  brU'bftso'; 
Dutch,  Braband,  br&-bint' ;  Sp.  Brabante,  bri-bin'ti),  an 
old  duchy  of  the  Netherlands,  which  formed  part  of  the 
circle  of  Burgundy,  in  the  German  Empire.  After  the 
truce  in  1609,  it  was  divided  into  Spanish  Brabant,  now 
forming  the  provinces  of  South  Brabant  and  Antwerp  in 
Belgium,  and  Dutch  or  North  Brabant,  which  belongs  to 
the  Netherlands.   See  North  Brabant  and  South  Brabant. 

Bracara  Augusta,  the  ancient  name  of  Braga. 

Bracciano,  brit-chl'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  17  miles 
N.W.  of  Rome.  It  is  situated  on  the  W.  shore  of  the  lake 
of  the  same  name,  which  is  22  miles  in  circumference  and 
gives  rise  to  the  Arrone  (S.R-no'ni, : — anc.  A'ro).     Pop.  2807. 

Bracc'bridge,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  N.  branch  of  the  Muskoka  River,  125  miles  N.  of 
Toronto.  It  contains  2  printing-offices,  a  sash-factory,  grist- 
mill, saw-mills,  woollen-factory,  4  hotels,  4  churches,  a 
court-house,  and  a  registry  office.  The  Lake  Muskoka 
steamers  call  daily  during  the  season.     Pop.  700. 

Brace'ville,  a  post-village  of  Grundy  co..  111.,  61  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  contains  4  churches,  2  banks, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  numerous  stores  and  shops.  Coal 
is  mined  here.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Braceville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  in 
Braceville  township,  and  on  the  Atlantic  <t  Great  Western 
Railroad,  33  miles  E.N.E.  of  Akron.  The  township  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Cleveland  it:  Mahoning  Railroad.  Pop.  of 
township,  954. 

Brachelen,  bri'si-l^n,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 

9  miles  N.W.  of  JUIich.     Pop.  2657.     It  has  paper-mills. 
Bracigliano,  bri-cheel-yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  lOJ  miles  N.  of  Salerno.     Pop.  3056. 

Brack'en,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kentucky,  bor- 
dering on  Ohio,  has  an  area  of  about  200  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  S.  by 
the  North  Fork  of  Licking  River.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating or  hilly,  and  partly  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is 
mostly  fertile.  Tobacco  and  Indian  com  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Limestone  underlies  this  county.  Capital,  Brook- 
rille.  Its  northern  portion  is  traversed  by  the  Chesapeake 
A  Ohio  Railway.     Pop.  in  1870,  11,409;  in  1890,  12,369. 

Bracken,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huntington  co.,  Ind.,  nbout 
80  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Fort  Wayne.    It  has  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Brack'entown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sumner  co.,  Tenn., 

10  miles  E.  of  Mitchellsville. 

Brack'ettville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Kinney  co., 
Tex.,  about  125  miles  W.  of  San  Antonio,  and  10  miles  N. 
of  Spofford  Junction.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  1200. 


Brack'ley,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Northampten, 
on  the  Ouse,  and  on  a  railway,  84  miles  E.S.E.  of  Banburr. 
Pon.  2154.  ' 

Brackley  Beach,  a  village  in  Queen's  co.,  Prince  Ed- 
word  Island,  13  wiiUs  by  rail  N.E.  of  Charlottctown.  P.  150. 

Brack'ney,  a  post-hamlet  of  Susquehanna  co..  Pa.,  9 
miles  from  Binghamfon.     It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

BrackAvedc,brik'<ViM9,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  West- 
phalia,  3  miles  S.  of  Bielefeld,  on  a  railway.     Pop.  3158, 

Brackwcder-Senne,  Prussia.    See  Senne. 

BraclaAV,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Bratslav. 

Braco,  a  village  of  Scotland.    See  Ardoch. 

BraczlaAV,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  LuNDENnuno. 

Brndano,  bri-di'no  (anc.  Brada'nua),  a  nw^r  of  Italy, 
in  the  Basilicata,  rises  in  the  Apennines,  flows  S.E.  CO  miles, 
and  enters  the  Gulf  of  Taranto  on  the  N.W. 

Brad'bury  Isle,  off  the  coast  of  Hancock  co..  Me.  P.  fi. 

Brad'dock,  or  Braddock's  Field,  a  post-borough 
of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Monongiihcla 
River,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  and  on  the  Pittt^burg, 
AVashington  &  Baltimore  Railroad,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Pitts- 
burg. Here  General  Braddock  was  defeated  and  killed  by 
the  French  and  Indians  in  1755.  It  has  17  churches,  2 
banks,  a  large  manufactory  of  steel  rails,  employing  5000 
men,  besides  establishments  for  the  manufacture  of  railroad- 
cars,  wire,  glass,  nails,  plates,  and  air-brakes.  Pop.  in  1880, 
3310;  in  1890,  8561. 

Brad'dyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Page  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Nodaway  River,  12  miles  S.  of  Clarinda.  It  has  a  church, 
a  flouring-mill,  a  graded  school,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Pop.  300. 

Bra'den,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  III.,  8  miles 
S.W.  of  McLeansborough. 

Braden,  a  post-hamlct  of  Payette  co.,  Tenn.,  9  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Arlington,  and  15  miles  direct  N.W.  of 
Somerville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bra'denville,  a  post-office  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa., 
is  at  the  village  of  St.  Clair. 

Brad'field,  a  township  of  England,  in  the  West  Riding 
of  Yorkshire,  7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Sheffield.     Pop.  11,252. 

Bradford,  brad'f^rd,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of 
York,  West  Riding,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Aire,  and  on  a 
branch  of  the  Leeds  k  Liverpool  Canal,  8  miles  W.  of  Leeds, 
at  the  junction  of  several  railways.  The  town  is  built  en- 
tirely of  stone.  Its  streets  are  mostly  narrow,  but  are  well 
paved  and  lighted.  It  has  a  handsome  exchange,  a  cloth- 
hall,  a  court-house,  a  jail,  a  mechanics'  institute,  several 
banks,  numerous  schools,  charitable  institutions,  and  places 
of  religious  worship.  Its  rapid  advance  is  attributable  to 
its  position  in  the  great  manufacturing  district  of  York- 
shire, and  to  the  abundance  of  coal  and  iron  in  its  vicinity. 
Bradford  is  the  principal  seat  of  the  worsted  yarn  and  stuff 
manufactures  in  England,  and  the  great  mart  for  long  wools. 
Broad  and  narrow  cloths,  wool-cards,  and  ivory  and  horn 
combs  are  made  in  great  quantities.  The  cotton,  silk,  mo- 
hair, and  alpaca  manufactures  have  also  contributed  much 
to  the  growth  of  the  town.     Pop.  in  1891,  216,361. 

Brad'ford,  a  village  in  Simcoe  eo.,  Ontario,  on  the  Hol- 
land River,  a  stream  flowing  into  Lake  Simcoe,  42  miles  by 
rail  N.N.W.  of  Toronto.  It  has  several  churches,  a  woollen- 
mill,  grist-mill,  saw-mill,  iron-foundry,  <fec.,  a  branch  bank, 
and  a  weekly  newspaper.     Pop.  1130. 

Brad'ford-oN-Avo.v,  or  Great  Bradford,  a  town  of 
England,  in  Wiltshire,  on  a  railway,  6  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bath, 
and  on  both  sides  of  the  Avon.  It  has  important  cloth- 
works,  banks,  and  stone-quarries.     Pop.  4871. 

Bradford,  brad'ford,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of 
Florida,  has  an  area  of  about  475  square  miles.  The  sur- 
face is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests. 
The  soil  produces  Indian  com  and  cotton.  The  county  is 
intersected  in  its  E.  portion  by  the  Georgia  Southern  Rail- 
road system.  The  Santa  F6,  an  affluent  of  the  Suwanee 
River,  forms  the  S.  boundary  of  the  county.  Capitnl,  Lake 
Butler.     Pop.  in  1870,  3671;  in  1880,6112;  in  1890,  7516. 

Bradford,  a  county  in  the  N.N.E.  part  of  Pennsylva- 
nia, bordering  on  New  York,  has  an  area  of  about  1150 
square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  North  Branch  of 
the  Susquehanna  River,  which,  entering  the  county  at  Wa- 
verly  in  the  N.,  flows  direct  S.  to  within  a  few  miles  N.  of 
Towanda,  thence  in  a  S.E.  direction  into  Wyoming  county. 
It  is  also  drained  by  Tioga  River  and  Towanda  and  Wya- 
lusing  Creeks.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  hills  of  mod- 
erate height,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the 
beech,  oak,  chestnut,  pine,  sugar-maple,  Ac.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Butter,  hay,  oats,  cattle,  wheat,  maize,  and  buck- 
wheat are  the  staple  products.  Devonian  sandstone  is  abun- 
dant here.     This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Lehigh  Valley 


BRA 


695 


BRA 


Railroad  and  the  Northern  Central  Railroad.  Among  its 
mineral  resources  are  bituminous  coal  and  iron  ore.  Cap- 
ital, Towanda.  Pop.  in  1870,  53,204  ;  in  1880,  68,541 ;  in 
1890,  59,233. 

Bradford,  a  post-village  of  Coosa  co.,  Ala.,  about  50 
miles  N.  by  E.  from  Montgomery,  and  3  miles  N.E.  of 
Kellyton  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  grist-mill,  cotton-gin, 
a,  rock  quarry,  and  an  academy.     Pop.  500. 

Brndford,  a  post-village  of  White  co.,  Ark.,  66  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Little  Rock. 

Bradford,  a  township  of  Lee  co.,  111.     Pop.  1086. 

Bradford,  Sangamon  co.,  III.    See  Bradfoiidtojj. 

Bradford,  a  post-village  of  Sta^k  co..  111.,  on  the  Chi- 
cago, Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  129  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Chicago,  and  38  miles  N.  of  Peoria.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
bank,  a  high  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  a  money-order 
post-office.     Pop.  about  600. 

Bradford,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.,  about 
15  miles  W.N.W,  of  New  Albany.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
Catholic  parish  school,  and  a  free  school.     Pop.  200. 

Bradford,  a  post-village  of  Chickasaw  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Bradford  township,  and  on  the  Little  Cedar  River,  2  miles 
from  Nashua  Railroad  Station,  and  about  32  miles  N.  of 
Cedar  Falls.  It  has  an  academy  and  2  churches.  The 
township  contains  the  village  of  Nashua,  and  is  intersected 
by  the  Red  Cedar  River.     Pop.,  exclusive  of  Nashua,  1077. 

Bradford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bracken  co.,  Ky.,  4  miles 
S.W.  from  Augusta. 

Bradford,  a  post- village  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  in  Brad- 
ford township,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bangor.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  high  school,  and  manufiictures  of  carriages, 
leather,  and  lumber.     Pop.  of  township,  1487. 

Bradford,  a  post-village  of  Bradford  township,  Essex 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Merrimac  River,  oppo- 
site Haverhill,  and  on  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad,  32 
miles  N.  of  Boston,  at  the  junction  of  the  Haverhill  Branch 
of  the  Newburyport  &  Danvers  Railroad.  A  railroad  bridge 
across  the  river  connects  it  with  Haverhill  City.  It  con- 
tains the  Bradford  Academy,  a  high  school,  and  a  church. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  3720. 

Bradford,  a  post-office  of  Midland  co.,  Mich.,  10  miles 
S.W.  from  Midland. 

Bradford,  a  township  of  Isanti  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  227. 

Bradford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saunders  co..  Neb.,  about 
T2  miles  N.  of  Lincoln. 

Bradford,  a  post-village  of  Merrimac  co.,  N.II.,  in 
Bradford  township,  on  the  Concord  &  Claremont  Railroad, 
27  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Concord.  It  has  2  hotels  and  a 
church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1081. 

Bradford,  a  post-village  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Brad- 
ford township,  about  25  miles  N.W.  of  Ehnira,  and  10 
tniles  E.  of  Bath.  It  has  2  churches,  a  saw-mill,  and  a 
grist-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  991. 

Bradford,  Darke  co.,  0.    See  Bradford  Junction. 

Bradford,  a  post-village  of  Miami  co.,  0.,  on  Green- 
ville Creek,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  W.  of  Piqua.  It  is  at  the  junction  of  two 
branches  of  the  railroad.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a 
graded  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of 
shoes.     Pop.  1338.    See  ]3radford  Junction. 

Bradford,  a  flourishing  city  of  McKean  co..  Pa.,  the 
converging  point  of  several  railroads,  is  situated  63  miles 
S.E.  of  Dunkirk,  N.Y.,  and  97  miles  S.W.  of  BufTalo.  It 
has  3  banks,  10  churches,  newspaper  offices  issuing  2  daily 
and  3  weekly  papers,  machine-shops,  and  manufactures  of 
stoves,  chairs,  glass,  etc.  Bradford  is  the  head-quarters  of 
extensive  oil  interests.     Pop.  in  1890,  10,514. 

Bradford,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Gibson  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad,  35  miles 
N.  of  Jackson.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Bradford,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  in  Brad- 
ford township,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  and  on  the  Pas- 
Bumpsic  Railroad,  about  30  miles  S.E.  of  Montpelier,  and 
12  mik'S  S.  by  W.  from  AVells  River.  It  contains  the  Brad- 
ford Academy  and  Union  High  School,  a  bank,  2  churches, 
2  newspaper  offices,  an  iron-foundry,  a  paper-mill,  a  grist- 
mill, a  sash-factory,  <fcc.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1492. 

Bradford,  a  township  of  Rock  co.,  Wis.  Pop.  981.  It 
contains  Emerald  Grove. 

Bradford,  a  post-village  of  Simcoe  co.,  Ont.,  41  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Toronto.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  public 
school,  a  high  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  lumber-mill, 
a  carriage-factory,  and  extensive  flour-mills.     Pop.  1000. 

Bradford  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Penobscot  co., 
Me.,  in  Bradford  township. 

Bradford  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  Vt., 
In  Bradford  township,  on  Waits  River,  about  28  miles  S.E. 


of  Montpelier,  and  4  miles  W.  of  Bradford  Railroad  Station. 
It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Bradford  Junction,  a  village  of  Darke  co.,  0.,  in 
Adams  township,  about  85  miles  N.  of  Cincinnati.  It  is  on 
the  railroad  between  Piqua  and  Union  City,  10  miles  AV.  of 
Piqua.  It  is  contiguous  to  Bradford,  a  village  of  Miami 
CO.     Pop.  243. 

Bradford  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Otsego  co.,  Midi., 
on  the  Jackson,  Lansing  &  Saginaw  Railroad,  108  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Bay  City.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Bradford  Springs,  a  township  of  Sumter  co.,  S.C. 
Pop.  1142. 

Brad'fordsville,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Rolling  Fork  of  Salt  River,  and  on  the  Knoxville  Branch 
Railroad,  about  80  miles  S.S.E.  of  Louisville.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  college.     Pop.  155. 

Brad'fordton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sangamon  co..  Ill-,  on 
the  Springfield  division  of  the  Ohio  <fc  Mississippi  Railroad, 
at  Bradford  Station,  5  miles  W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Brad'fordville,  a  post-office  of  Leon  co.,  Fla. 

Brad'gate  Park,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  and  5 
miles  N.W.  of  Leicester.  It  has  ruins  of  a  noble  mansion, 
in  which  Lady  Jane  Grey  was  born,  a.d.  1537. 

Branding,  a  town  near  the  E.  extremity  of  the  Isle  of 
Wight,  England,  co.  of  Hants,  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Newport. 

Brad'iey,  a  county  in  the  S.S.E.  part  of  Arkansas,  has 
an  area  of  about  850  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  and 
bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Saline  River,  and  is  bounded  on 
the  S.W.  by  the  Washita,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Moro  River. 
The  surface  is  mostly  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  fer- 
tile. Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products. 
Among  the  forest  trees  are  the  ash,  beech,  oak,  and  yellow 
pine.  Capital,  Warren.  Pop.  in  1870,  8646;  in  1880, 
6285;  in  1890,  7972. 

Bradley,  a  county  of  East  Tennessee,  bordering  on 
Georgia,  has  an  area  of  about  330  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Hiawassee  River.  The  sur- 
face is  partly  hilly,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests ;  the 
soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  and  live- 
stock are  the  staple  products  of  this  county,  which  is  inter- 
sected by  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  <fc  Georgia  Railroad. 
Capital,  Cleaveland.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,652;  in  1880, 
12,124;  in  1890,  13,607. 

Bradley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lafayette  co.,  Ark.,  42  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Shreveport,  Tex. 

Bradley,  a  post- village  of  Monterey  co.,  Cal.,  78  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Salinas.  It  has  a  church  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  100. 

Bradley,  a  post-village  of  Tazewell  co..  111.,  22  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Bloomington. 

Bradley,  a  post-township  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  on  the 
Penobscot  River,  45  miles  above  Bangor.     Pop.  866. 

Bradley,  a  post-village  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  in  Way- 
land  township,  on  the  Grand  Rapids  ifc  Indiana  Railroad, 
24  miles  S.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  a  church.  Pop. 
about  200. 

Bradley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oktibbeha  co..  Miss.,  25 
miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  West  Point. 

Bradley,  a  station  in  Cambria  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Ebens- 
burg  and  Cresson  Railroad,  3  miles  E.  of  Ebensburg. 

Bradley,  a  post-village  of  Clark  co.,  S.D.,  40  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Watertown.     Pop.  150. 

Brad'leyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Taney  co..  Mo.,  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Forsyth. 

Brad'ner,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co.,  0.,  on  the  Colum- 
bus &  Toledo  Railroad,  24  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Toledo.  It 
has  3  churches  and  an  oil-refinery. 

Brad'niiich,  or  Brains,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Devon,  8i  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Exeter.  It  has  an  ancient 
church,  a  guild  hall,  a  jail,  paper-mills,  and  manufactures 
of  woollen  stufis.     Pop.  of  parish,  1914. 

Brad'rick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.,  2J  miles 
from  Huntington,  W.  Va.     It  has  two  churches. 

Bradsberg,  an  .amt  of  Norway.     See  Bratsberg. 

Brad'shaw,  a  hamlet  of  Union  co.,  III.,  9  miles  E.  of 
Anna.     It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Bradshaw,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  about  midway  between 
Baltimore  and  Havre  de  Grace.  It  has  a  Catholic  church. 
Here  the  Gunpowder  and  Little  Gunpowder  Rivers  unite. 

Bradshaw,  a  post-town  of  York  co.,  Neb.,  60  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded 
school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  434, 

Bradshaw,  a  post-hamlet  of  Giles  co.,  Tenn.,  11  miles 
from  Pulaski. 

Bradstowe,  a  town  of  England.    See  Broadstairs. 


BRA 


006 


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Bradt'ville^  a  nost-hnmlot  of  Grant  co.,  Wig.,  4  miles 
from  l!ri(i>;o|mrt  llnilroad  Station.     It  has  2  oliurchcs. 

llrHd'wellf  K  township  ami  station  of  Enghind,  co.  of 
Buckd,  ."?  uiilw  bjr  rail  E.S.K.  of  Stony  Stratford.    P.  2409. 

Brad  well,  a  hamlet  of  £n((laad,  oo.  of  Derby,  H  miles 
K.N.K.  of  Tideswell.     Pop.  1 141. 

Bra'dy,  a  hamlet  of  Alleghany  oo.,  Md.,  on  the  Poto- 
nao  River,  6  miles  S.  of  Cumberland. 

Brady*  a  township  of  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.,  inter- 
•Mtcd  by  the  Chicago  <!;  Lake  Huron  liailroad  and  the 
Grand  Kapids  A  Indiana  Railroad.  Pop.  1400.  It  con- 
tains the  post-village  of  Vicksburg. 

Ilrndy,  a  township  of  Saginaw  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  687. 

Hrudy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Guernsey  co.,  0.,  in  Jefferson 
township,  9  miles  from  Cambridge.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
steam  grist-mill. 

Urndy,  a  township  of  Williams  co.,  0.  Pop.  16SI.  It 
includes  West  Unity. 

Brndy,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  600. 

Brndy,  a  township  of  Clarion  co..  Pa.  Pop.  263,  ex- 
clusive of  East  Brady,  which  is  a  borough. 

Brady,  a  township  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  2009. 

Brady,  a  township  of  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  904. 
Post-office,  Airy  Dale. 

Brady,  a  post-office  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa.,  is  at  the  bor- 
ough of  Marion,  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Indiana. 

Brady,  a  post-town,  the  capital  of  McCulloch  co.,  Tex., 
on  a  branch  of  the  Colorado  Ilivor,  in  a  fine  agricultural 
region,  46  miles  S.W.  of  Brownwood.  It  has  6  churches, 
a  national  bank,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  8U0. 

Brady  Island,  a  post-bawlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  Neb.,  on 
the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  268  miles  W.  of  Omaha. 

Brady's,  Md.    See  Bhady's  Mills. 

Brady's,  a  station  in  Northumberland  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Shamokin  Branch  of  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  1  mile 
E.  of  Shamokin.     Anthracite  coal  is  mined  here. 

Brady's,  a  post-office  of  Richland  co..  Wis. 

Brady's  Bend,  a  post-village  of  Armstrong  co.,  Pa., 
is  in  a  small  township  of  the  same  name,  on  the  Alleghany 
River,  and  near  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad.  Brady 
Station  is  at  East  Brady,  68  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pittsburg,  and 
65  miles  S.  of  Franklin.  It  contains  4  churches  and  ex- 
tensive iron-works.  It  is  surrounded  by  a  hilly  and  pic- 
turesque country,  in  which  coal  and  iron  ore  abound.  Pop. 
about  6()(). 

Brady's  Creek,  Tex.,  runs  eastward  through  McCul- 
loch CO..  and  enters  the  San  Saba  River  in  San  Saba  co. 

Bra'dyville,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co.,  0.,  7  miles 
N.E.  from  Maysville,  Ky.     It  has  a  church. 

Bradyville,  a  post-village  of  Cannon  co.,  Tenn.,  8 
miles  S.W.  of  Woodbury. 

Brae,  bra,  a  post-village  in  Prince  co.,  Prince  Edward 
Island,  35  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Sumraerside.     Pop.  300. 

Braemar,  bra^mar',  the  westernmost  and  highland 
portion  of  the  district  of  Mar,  Aberdeenshire,  Scotland.  It 
has  7  or  more  peaks  over  3500  feet  high,  of  which  Ben 
Mocdhui  is  the  loftiest.  It  is  much  visited  by  tourists,  and 
is  famed  for  its  red  deer,  its  forests,  and  its  gems  (amethysts, 
beryls,  and  cairngorms).     Pop.  1566. 

Braemar,  bra'mar',  a  post-village  in  Oxford  co.,  On- 
tario, 8  miles  from  Woodstock.  It  contains  a  woollen-fac- 
tory, a  cheese-factory,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  100. 

Braf'ford's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Ky. 

Braga,  bri'gj.  (anc.  Brac'ara  Augus'ta),  a  city  of  Por- 
tugal, capital  of  the  province  of  Minho,  on  two  railways, 
35  miles  N.E.  of  Porto.  It  is  surrounded  by  old  walls,  and 
is  the  see  of  an  archbishop,  who  is  titular  primate  of  Por- 
tugal. It  has  a  fine  Gothic  cathedral,  an  archbishop's  pal- 
ace, a  hospital,  a  college,  several  schools,  many  fountains, 
and  some  Roman  ruins.  It  has  manufactures  of  fire-arms, 
jewelry,  cutlery,  and  hats.  In  its  vicinity  is  the  sanctuary 
of  .Jesus  do  Monte,  visited  by  many  pilgrims.     Pop.  18,467. 

Bragan<;a,  or  Braganza,  br&-g3,n'sd,,  a  town  and 
bishop's  see  of  Portugal,  in  Tras-os-Montes,  near  the  N.E. 
frontier,  on  the  Ferrenza,  26  miles  N.W.  of  Miranda.  It  is 
partly  fortified,  has  a  citadel,  a  college,  and  manufactures 
of  velvet  and  other  silk  fabrics,  and  had  formerly  some  sil- 
ver-mines.    Pop.  4503. 

Bragan^a,  or  Braganza,  bri-g&n'si,  an  ancient 
town  of  Brazil,  province  and  100  miles  N.E.  of  Pard.,  on  the 
Caite,  near  its  mouth,  in  the  bay  of  the  same  name.  Lat.  1° 
S.;  Ion.  47°  20'  W.  It  has  several  churches  and  a  prison, 
and  the  river  is  navigable  up  to  it  at  high  water.  Pop.  of 
town  and  district,  6000. 

Bragan^a,  or  Braganza,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province 
and  50  miles  N.E.  of  Sao  Paulo.  It  has  a  church.  Its 
district  is  fertile,  feeds  numbers  of  cattle  and  pigs  for  the 


Rio   Janeiro  market,  and   has  a  number  of  sugar-milli 
Pop.  10,000. 

Jtragcrnaes,  Norway.    Sea  Drammkn. 

Brag  Vado'cio,  a  township  of  Pemiscot  co..  Mo.  P.  90. 

Bragg's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lowndes  oo.,  Ala.,  13  mi! 
E.  of  Minter.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bragg's  Island,  one  of  a  group  of  islands  on  the  \V. 
side  of  Bonavista  Bay,  Newfoundland.     Pop.  30. 

Bragg's  Village,  a  hamlet  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.,  3 
milc!  from  East  Bloomfield.    It  has  a  grist-  and  a  saw-mill. 

Bragg'ville,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  oo.,  Miu^s.,  in 
Hollister  township,  on  the  Milford  Branch  of  the  Boston  k 
Albany  Railroad,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Boston. 

Brag  Town,  a  village  in  Latimore  township,  Adams 
CO.,  Pa.,  7  miles  S.  of  Dillsburg.  It  has  a  church  and  gev> 
eral  shops  and  stores. 

Brahe,  bril'^h,  or  Braa,  br&,  a  river  of  Prussia,  flows 
S.  and  joins  the  Vistula  above  Fordon.  It  is  connected 
with  the  Netze  by  the  Canal  of  Bromberg,  and  thus  unites 
the  Odor  and  the  Vistula. 

Brahestad,  br&'hds-tjld\  a  seaport  town  of  Russia, 
Finland,  36  miles  S.W.  of  Uleiborg,  on  the  Gulf  of  Both- 
nia.     It  has  a  trade  in  pitch  and  tar.     Pop.  2560. 

Brahilov,  br&'heeMov',  Bra^loff',  or  Brailow. 
brfl,"co-lov',  called  also  Ibrail,  Ibrahil,  ee'bri-ccl',  and 
Braila,  br&-ee'l3,,  a  town  and  the  principal  port  of  Rou 
mania,  in  Wallachia,  on  the  Roumanian  Railway,  and  on 
the  Lower  Danube,  103  miles  N.E.  of  Bucharest.  Its  ware- 
houses aro  extensive,  its  harbor  is  securely  sheltered  by 
a  small  island,  and  it  hafl  a  good  trade.    Pop.  28,272. 

Brahmanber'ia,  or  Brdhmanba'ria,  a  town  of 
Bengal,  in  Tipperah,  on  the  river  Titds.  Lat.  23°  67'  45" 
N. ;  Ion.  91°  8'  38"  E.     Poi).  12,304. 

Brahmapoo'tra,  or  Brahmaputra, brah'ma-poo'. 
tra,  formerly  written  Burrampoo'tcr  (ano.  Di/nrdrinet, 
or  Oedaneg),  a  great  river  of  India.  Its  principal  head- 
stream,  the  Sanpoo  or  Dihong,  rises  on  the  plateau  of 
Thibet,  flows  eastward  1000  miles,  turns  the  eastern  flank 
of  the  Himalayas,  and  enters  British  India  at  the  N.E. 
angle  of  Assam,  lat.  27°  45'  N.,  Ion.  95°  30'  E.  It  is 
joined  by  the  Dibong  and  by  another  smaller  stream,  re- 
garded by  the  Hindoos  and  some  others  as  the  true  Brah. 
mapootra.  This  river  rises  in  the  Brahraakoonda  valley, 
near  the  E.  extremity  of  the  Himalaya,  and  is  considered 
a  very  sacred  stream  by  the  Hindoos.  The  Brahmapootra 
finally  becomes  blended  with  the  Ganges  and  the  Megna  in 
a  great  delta-system,  forming  an  immense  number  of  navi- 
gable channels,  and  flowing  at  last  into  the  Bay  of  Bengal. 
The  main  stream  has  a  strong  current,  but  is  serviceable  for 
extensive  steam  navigation.  In  the  rainy  season  the  river 
overflows  its  banks.     Total  length,  1800  miles. 

Brahooic  (bri  hoo'ik)  mountains,  a  name  given  to 
the  Hala  Mountains,  between  Beloochistan  and  Sinde. 

Brahpur,  brd'poor',  a  town  of  the  Shahabad  district, 
Bengal.     Pop.  3143. 

Braic-y-PwII,  bri'k^-pool,  a  headland  in  North 
Wales,  CO.  of  Carnarvon.     Lat.  52°  47'  N. ;  Ion.  4°  48'  W. 

Braid'entown,  a  post-town,  the  capital  of  Manatee 
CO.,  Fla.,.on  Manatee  River,  about  26  miles  S.  of  St.  Peters- 
burg, with  which  it  is  oonnected  by  daily  steamers.  It  has 
3  churches  and  a  newspaper  office.  Extensive  phosphate 
deposits  have  been  discovered  near  here.  Fruit-  and  vege- 
table-growing is  the  chief  industry.     Pop.  about  400. 

Braid'wood,  a  post- village  of  Will  co..  III.,  58  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Chicago,  and  20  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Joliet. 
It  has  printing-offices  which  issue  2  weekly  newspapers; 
also  6  churches,  and  a  bank.  Several  mines  of  bituminous 
coal  have  been  opened  here.     Pop.  about  5000. 

Brailn,  Brailoff,  or  Brailow.    See  Brahilov. 

Brainard,  bra'nard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad,  42 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Independence. 

Brainard,  Minn.    See  Brainerd. 

Brainard,  a  post-town  of  Butler  co..  Neb.,  on  2  rail- 
roads, 42  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Fremont. 

Brainard's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  oo.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Delaware  P.iver,  7  miles  below  Belvidere. 

Brainard  Station,  a  post- village  of  Rensselaer  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Nassau  township,  on  Kinderhook  Creek,  and  on 
the  Harlem  E.Ktension  Railroad,  12  miles  N.  of  Chatham 
Village,  and  about  18  miles  S.E.  of  Albany.  It  has  2 
churches,  the  Transylvania  Injstitute,  and  a  manufactory 
of  paper. 

Braine-la-Lende,brin-1&-lnd,  a  village  of  Belgiitffl, 
province  of  Brabant,  12  miles  S.  of  Brussels.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  cotton  cloths  and  starch.     Pop.  5578. 

Braine«le-Conitey  brin-lfh-k6xt  or  br£n-I$h-k65t, 


BRA 


697 


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a  town  of  Belgium,  province  of  Ilainaut,  at  a  railway  junc- 
tion, Uh  miles  N.N.B.  of  Mens.     Pop.  6336, 

Brainerd,  bra'n^rd,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Crow 
Wing  CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Western  Railroad  of  Minnesota,  and  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  115  miles  W.S.W.  of  Duluth,  and  137 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Moorehead.  It  is  one  of  the  principal  sta- 
tions on  the  railroad  between  Duluth  and  the  Red  River  of 
the  North.  It  has  10  churches,  2  banks,  a  high  school, 
and  other  schools,  3  newspaper  ofiBces,  railroad-shops,  and 
lumber-mills.     Pop.  about  61)00. 

Brninerd,  n  post-town  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas,  17  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Eldorado.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  500. 

Brains,  a  town  of  England.    See  Bhadninch. 

Brain'tree,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  of  Essex, 
18  miles  by  i-ail  E.  of  Bishop-Stortford,  on  an  eminence, 
adjoining  the  village  of  Bocking.  It  has  a  spacious  Gothic 
church,  and  manufactures  of  crape,  silk,  and  straw  goods. 
Pop.  of  parish,  4790. 

Brain'tree,  a  post-village  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Braintree  township,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  at  its  junc- 
tion with  the  Granite  Branch  and  with  the  South  Shore 
Railroad  (operated  as  a  branch  of  the  Old  Colony),  10  miles 
S.  of  Boston.  It  has  several  churches,  a  savings-bank,  a 
public  library,  a  newspaper  ofiBce,  and  Thayer  Academy, 
which  has  a  fund  of  $200,000.  P.  of  township  (1890),  4848. 
The  township  has  granite-quarries,  and  manufactures  of 
boots,  carpets,  paper,  organs,  shovels,  twine,  tacks,  <tc.  It 
contains  villages  named  South  Braintree  and  East  Braintree. 

Braintree,  a  post-township  of  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  25  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Montpelier.  Pop.  1066.  Braintree  Station  is 
at  West  Braintree,  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  25 
miles  S.  of  Montpelier  Junction. 

Brain'trim,  a  township  of  Wyoming  co..  Pa.    Pop.  620. 

Brake,  bri'ki,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Oldenburg,  on 
the  Weser,  25  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Bremen,  is  the  seat  of 
ship-building  and  of  a  trade  by  sea.  It  has  cloth-factories 
and  large  docks.     Pop.  3800. 

Brakel,  br3,'k§l,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  AVestphalia,  on 
a  railway,  42  miles  S.S.E.  of  Minden.     Pop.  2607. 

Brakel,  Belgium.   See  Neder  Brakel  and  Op  Brakel. 

Bra'ley's,  a  station  in  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Taun- 
ton &  New  Bedford  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  New  Bedford. 

Bralin,  brd-leen',  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  on  a  rail- 
way, 39  miles  E.N.E.  of  Breslau.  It  has  a  custom-house 
and  manufactures  of  cloths.     Pop.  1763. 

Bra'man  Hiil,  a  post-office  of  Wyandotte  co.,  Kansas. 

Bra'man's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schenectady 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Duanesburg  township,  about  30  miles  W.  by 
N.  of  Albany.     It  has  2  churches  and  18  dwellings. 

Bra'manville,  a  village  in  Millbury  township,  Wor- 
cester CO.,  Mass.,  i  mile  from  Millbury  village.  It  has  a 
church  and  2  cotton-mills. 

Brambach,  brim'b^K,  a  town  of  Saxony,  near  Bohe- 
mia, 11  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Eger.     Pop.  1502. 

Brambanan,  brim-b8,'nSn,  a  ruined  town  in  the  island 
of  Java,  province  and  30  miles  from  Soerakarta,  famous  for 
its  magnificent  remains  of  temples  of  stone. 

Bram'lette,  a  station  of  Woodson  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Missouri,  Kjinsas  <fc  Texas  Railroad  (Neosho  division),  7 
miles  S.  of  Neosho  Falls. 

Bramlette,  a  village  of  Gallatin  co.,  Ky.  It  has  a 
church,  a  drug-store,  2  general  stores,  and  a  mineral  spring. 

Branima,  the  native  name  of  Bdrmah. 

Bramp'ton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Cumberland,  8J 
miles  by  railway  E.N.E.  of  Carlisle.  It  has  a  town  hall,  a 
grammar-school,  breweries,  and  manufactures  of  checks  and 
ginghams.     Pop.  2617. 

Bramp'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delta  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Chicago  .t  Northwestern  Railroad,  at  Day's  River  Station, 
14  Miles  N.  of  Escanaba. 

Brampton,  the  chief  town  of  the  co.  of  Peel,  Ontario, 
21  miles  by  rail  N.AV.  of  Toronto.  It  contains  6  churches, 
an  iron-foundry,  several  factories,  stores,  hotels,  2  banks, 
high  and  public  schools,  3  newspaper  offices,  and  is  an  im- 
portant grain  and  flour  market.     Pop.  3223. 

Bramsale,  islands  of  the  Netherlands,    See  Borssele. 

Bram^che,  brim'sh^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover, 
10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Osniiburg,  on  the  Haase.     Pop.  1849. 

Bramstedt,  brJlm'st^tt,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Holstein, 
26  miles  N.  of  Hamburg.     Pop.  2114. 

Bram'well,  a  post-town  of  Mercer  co.,  W,  Va.,  4  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Pocahontas.  It  is  a  great  coal  region,  coal- 
mining and  c«ke-manufacture  being  most  extensively  car- 
ried on.  It  has  three  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper 
office.  Pop.  499. 
45 


Brancaleone,  brSn-ki-li-o'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Reggio  di  Calabria,  23  miles  S.S. W.  of  Gerace.  Pop. 
1323.     It  was  partially  destroyed  by  earthquake  in  1783. 

Branch,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Michigan,  border- 
ing on  Indiana,  has  an  area  of  504  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  St.  Joseph  River,  and  also  drained  by  the 
Coldwater.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified 
with  small  lakes,  "oak  openings,"  and  dense  forests,  in 
which  the  ash,  beech,  oak,  elm,  and  sugar-maple  abound. 
The  soil  is  a  fertile  sandy  loam.  AVheat,  Indian  corn,  oats, 
butter,  and  wool  are  the  staple  products.  The  northwest- 
ern portion  of  the  county  is  traversed  by  the  Air-Line 
division  of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  while  the  Lake 
Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad  crosses  it  about  the 
middle,  running  in  a  southwesterly  direction  through  Cold- 
water,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  26,226;  in 
1880,  27,941  ;  in  1890,  26,791, 

Branch,  a  township  of  Stanislaus  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  787, 

Branch,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  Kansas,     Pop,  700, 

Branch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mason  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Flint 
&  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  19  miles  E.  of  Ludington,  Pop. 
of  Branch  township,  139, 

Branch,  a  township  of  Chisago  co.,  Minn.  Pop,  131. 
It  contains  North  Branch  Station. 

Branch,  a  station  on  the  Saratoga  <fc  Schenectady  Rail- 
road, at  the  head  of  Ballston  Lake,  8  miles  N,  of  Sehenec- 
tady,  N.Y.     Here  is  South  Ballston  Post-Office. 

Branch,  a  station  in  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Jamestown 
&  Franklin  Railroad,  1  mile  W.  of  Stoneborough  Junction, 

Branch,  a  township  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa,  Pop,  1200. 
It  contains  Llewellyn,  and  has  coal-mines. 

Branch,  a  post-village  of  Manitowoc  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore  &  Western  Railroad,  7  miles  N.W, 
of  Manitowoc,  It  has  manufactures  of  beer,  flour,  and 
furniture. 

Branchburg,  a  township  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J.  Pop. 
1251.  It  contains  North  Branch  Depot  and  a  part  of  North 
Branch. 

Branch  Dale,  a  post-village  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  in 
Reilly  township,  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railroad, 
about  10  miles  AV.  of  Pottsville.     It  has  a  church. 

Branch  Hill,  a  post- village  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  in 
Miami  township,  on  the  Little  Miami  Railroad,  20  miles 
N.N.E,  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  about  300. 
A  fine  wire  suspension  bridge  over  the  Little  Miami  River 
connects  Branch  Hill  with  the  village  of  Symmes. 

Branch  Junction,  a  post-office  of  Westmoreland  co.. 
Pa.,  at  Blairsville  Intersection  (which  see). 

Branch'port,  a  village  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad,  and  on  the  Central  Railroad 
of  New  Jersey,  1  mile  N.  of  Long  Branch,  on  an  inlet  of 
the  sea.     Oysters  abound  here.     Pop.  about  200. 

Branchport,  a  post-village  of  Yates  co.,  N.Y.,  at  the 
north  end  of  the  western  branch  of  Keuka  Lake,  about  43 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Rochester,  and  9  miles  S.W,  of  Penn  Yan, 
It  has  3  or  4  churches,  a  mill,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Branch's,  a  station  in  Johnson  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Fair- 
land.  Franklin  &  Martinsville  Railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of 
Franklin. 

Branch's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Duplin  co.,  N.C.,  14 
miles  S.E.  from  Mount  Olive  Station.     It  has  two  stores. 

Branch'ton,  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  co.,  Ontario,  6 
miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  a  woollen- 
factory.     Pop.  250. 

Branch  Vil'lage,a  hamlet  in  North  Smithfleld  town- 
ship. Providence  co.,  R.I.,  2  miles  from  Blackstone  village, 
Mass,    It  has  manufactures  of  shoddy  and  flocks.    Pop.  30. 

Branch'ville,  a  post-village  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Ala.,  about 
30  miles  N.E.  of  Birmingham.     It  has  2  churches.  ' 

Branchville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfield  co..  Conn.,  on 
the  Danbury  &  Norwalk  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Ridgefield  Branch,  1 1  miles  S.  of  Danbury.  It  has  a  church, 
and  manufactures  of  carriages  and  ice-tools. 

Branchville,  a  village  of  Mitchell  co.,  Ga.,  10  miles 
S.W.  from  Camilla.  It  has  a  church,  a  seminary,  2  stores, 
and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  about  200. 

Branchville,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  Ind. 

Branchville,  a  post-office  of  Prince  George's  co.,  Md., 
and  a  station  on  the  Washington  Branch  of  the  Baltimore 
&  Ohio  Railroad,  9  miles  N.E.  of  AVashington. 

Branchville,  a  post-village  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Frankford  township,  at  the  terminus  of  a  branch  of  the 
Susse-x  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Newton.  It  has  3  hotels,  2 
churches,  3  stores,  and  3  flour-  and  feed-mills  in  which 
water-pOwer  is  employed.     Pop.  about  600, 

Branchville,  a  hamlet  of  Union  co.,  N.J,,  2  miles  N, 
of  AVestfield  Station,    It  has  a  church  and  2  flour-milla. 


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Branchvillev  a  pont-villagn  of  Orangcburn^  co.,  B.C., 
•ituatixl  at  the  junction  of  the  Columbia  unci  Augusta  divi- 
lions  of  (he  South  Carolina  Knilroad  system,  62  miles  by 
rail  W.N.W.  of  Charleston,  and  68  miles  S.  of  Columbia. 
It  haf  4  oburobes,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  canning- 
faotory,  and  2  wagon-  and  buggy -factories.  Hero  are  rail- 
road machino-shops.     Pop.  1'i'i  ;  of  the  township,  2035. 

Branchvillc,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  oo.,  Tenn. 

BranchvillCf  a  post-offlce  and  station  of  Southampton 
00.,  Va.,  on  the  Seaboard  A  Roanoke  Kailroad,  62  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Norfolk. 

Branchville  Junction,  a  station  in  Sussex  oo..  N.J., 
on  the  Sussex  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Branchville 
Branch,  3  miles  N.  of  Newton,  and  6  miles  from  Branch- 
ville. 

Branco,  a  rirer  of  Bolivia.    See  Magdalena. 

Branco,  br&ng'ko,  one  of  the  Cape  Yerd  Islands,  S.  of 
Banta  Lutia. 

BrancO)  br&ng'ko,  a  river  of  Brazil,  an  affluent  of  the 
Rio  Grande,  province  of  Bahia,  rises  in  the  Serra  Dura,  lat. 
11°  25'  S.,  Ion.  46°  10'  W.,  flows  S.E.  120  miles,  and  is  nav- 
igable to  Tres-Barros,  a  distance  of  40  miles. 

BrancO)  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the  Parima  Moun- 
tains, and  flows  S.  400  miles  to  the  Rio  Negro,  which  it 
joins  near  lat.  1°  20'  S. 

Brand,  brjnt,  a  town  of  Saxony,  23  miles  S.W.  of  Dres- 
den.    Pop.  2512. 

Brandeis,  br&n'dlce,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  13  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Prague.     Pop.  3647. 

Brandeifi-am-Aalcr,  briln'dicc-&m-&d'l9r,  a  town 
of  Bohemia,  25  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Pardubitz,  on  the  Stille- 
Adler.     Pop.  1672. 

Bran'denburg  (Ger.  pron.  br4n'd?n-b55RO^ ;  Fr. 
'Brandehourg,  brln'd^-booR'),  a  province  of  Prussia,  in  the 
centre  of  the  kingdom,  between  lat.  51°  25'  and  53°  34'  N. 
and  Ion.  11°  25'  and  16°  10'  E.;  bounded  N.  by  Mecklen- 
burg, N.E.  by  Pomerania,  E.  by  the  provinces  of  Prussia  and 
Poscn,  S.  by  Silesia  and  the  kingdom  of  Saxony,  and  W.  by 
the  provinces  of  Saxony  and  Hanover.  Area,  15,403  square 
miles.  Surface  flat  and  sandy,  but  diversified  by  numerous 
lakes.  It  is  situated  in  the  basins  of  the  Elbe  and  the  Oder, 
and  w.itered  by  these  rivers  and  numerous  afiiuents,  among 
which  the  Warta,  Bober,  Neisse,  and  Welse,  affluents  of 
the  Odor,  and  the  Havel,  Spree,  and  others,  affluents  of  the 
Elbe,  are  navigable.  The  chief  crops  are  buckwheat,  rye, 
potatoes,  hemp,  flax,  honey,  tobacco,  and  hops.  Sheep  are 
extensively  reared,  and  wool  is  an  important  product.  The 
principal  mineral  products  are  salt,  iron,  gypsum,  alum,  and 
vitriol.  There  are  numerous  mineral  springs.  The  manu- 
factures, in  great  variety,  are  carried  on  in  the  princijial 
towns,  and  the  province  has  many  breweries,  distilleries, 
tanneries,  potash-,  charcoal-,  lime-,  and  sulphur-works. 
Trade  is  facilitated  by  numerous  canals,  excellent  post- 
roads,  and  railways  from  the  capital  in  all  directions. 
Capital,  Berlin.     Pop.  in  1890,  2,542,401. 

Brandenburg,  brin'd?n-b56RG\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
the  province  of  the  same  name,  on  the  Havel,  and  on  the 
Berlin  k  Magdeburg  Railway,  37  miles  W.S.W.  of  Berlin. 
It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  divided  by  the  river  into  an  old 
and  a  new  town,  between  which,  on  an  island,  is  the  quarter 
called  "Venice,"  having  many  buildings  which  deserve 
notice  for  their  antiquity  and  works  of  art.  Brandenburg 
has  a  realschule,  a  gymnasium,  a  Ritter  Akademie,  a  col- 
lege, and  a  public  library ;  in  the  market-place  is  the  Ro- 
landsaiile,  a  column  formed  of  a  single  stone  IS  feet  in 
height.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollens,  linens,  hosiery, 
and  paper,  breweries,  tanneries,  and  an  active  commerce 
by  land  and  water.     Pop.  27,371. 

Brandenbnrg,  a  village  of  Prussia,  13  miles  S.W.  of 
Konigsberg.     Pop.  1434. 

Bran'denburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Meade  co., 
Ky.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  2i  miles  from  Brandenburg  Station, 
and  36  miles  by  rail  S.AV.  of  Louisville.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  bank,  2  newspaper  oflSces,  and  salt-works.     Pop.  500. 

•  Brandenburg,  New.    See  New  Bhandenburo. 
Bran'don,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Sufi"olk,  on  the 

Little  Ouse  or  Brandon  River,  and  on  a  railway,  70  miles 
N'.N.E.  of  London.     It  has  a  grammar-school.     Pop.  2216. 

•  Bran'don,  a  mountain,  headland,  bay,  and  village  of 
Ireland,  in  Munster,  co.  of  Kerry.  The  mountain,  22  miles 
W.  of  Tralee,  terminates  N.E.  in  the  headland  which  forms 
the  W.  limit  of  Brandon  Bay,  an  arm  of  Tralee  Bay.  The 
bay  is  formed  between  Brandon  Head  on  the  W.  and  a 
neck  of  land  on  the  E.  which  separates  it  from  Tralee  Bay. 
The  village  is  on  the  W.  side  of  Brandon  Bay,  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Dingle. 

Bran'don,  a  post-ofBce  and  station  of  De  Ealb  co., 


Ala.,  on   the  Alabama  A  Chattanooga  Railroad,  56  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Chattanooga. 

Brandon,  a  post- village  of  Walton  co.,  Ga.,  10  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Monroe.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  Ac. 
Pep.  300. 

Brandon,  a  station  in  Rush  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Cincin- 
nati, Hamilton  A  Indianapolis  Railroad,  4  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Rushville. 

Brandon,  a  post-village  of  Buchanan  oo.,  Iowa,  about 
83  miles  N.W.  of  Cedar  Rapids.     It  has  2  churches. 

Brandon,  a  township  of  Jackson  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1101. 
It  contains  Canton. 

Brandon,  a  township  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  12  miles 
N.  of  Pontiao.     It  contains  Ortonville.     Pop.  1170. 

Brandon,  a  post- village  of  Douglas  co.,  Minn.,  16  miles 
N.W.  of  Alexandria.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  5U0. 

Brandon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Rankin  co..  Miss., 
on  the  Vicksburg  A  Meridian  Kailroad,  13  miles  E.  of  .lack- 
son.  Several  thousand  bales  of  cotton  are  shipped  here 
annually.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  an  academy,  6  churches, 
and  a  savings-bank.     Pop.  756. 

Brandon,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  N.Y.,  in  the 
Adirondack  Mountains,  33  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Moira.  It  hoa 
2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber. 

Brandon,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  0.,  in  Miller 
township,  about  40  miles  N.E,  of  Columbus.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  steam  lumber-mill. 

Brandon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Minnehaha  co.,  S.D.,  about 
8  miles  S.E.  of  Sioux  Falls. 

Brandon,  a  post-office  of  Hill  co.,  Tex.,  32  miles  W, 
by  S.  from  Corsicana. 

Brandon,  a  post-village  of  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  17  miles 
by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Rutland,  and  51  miles  S.  of  Burling- 
ton. It  is  about  1  mile  E.  of  Otter  Creek,  which  intersects 
the  township.  It  has  7  churches,  2  national  banks,  2  hotels, 
a  gnided  school,  and  manufactures  of  spools,  woodeii-wure, 
marble,  Ac.  One  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here. 
The  township  has  quarries  of  fine  marble,  and  mines  of 
iron,  knolin,  and  lignite.     Pop.  3310. 

Brandon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prince  George  co.,  Va.,  22f 
miles  E.  of  Petersburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Brandon,  a  post-village  of  Fond  du  Lac  co..  Wis.,  on 
the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul  Railroad,  76  miles  N.W. 
of  Milwaukee,  and  about  18  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Fond  du 
Lac.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  newspiiper 
office,  a  bank,  a  flour-mill,  a  plough-factory,  <fec.    Pop.  660. 

Brandon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Brandon  co.,  Mani- 
toba, 133  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Winnepeg.  It  has  5  churches, 
5  banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  7  grain-elevators,  and  flour-, 
lumber-,  and  saw-mills.     Pop.  4500. 

Brandon  River,  England.    See  Onse. 

Bran'donviUe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa., 
in  East  Union  township,  on  the  Catawissa  <fc  Williamsport 
Railroad,  20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Tamaqua. 

Brandonville,  a  post-villnge  of  Preston  co.,  W.  Va., 
70  miles  E.S.E.  of  Wheeling.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  100. 

Brandt,  or  Brant,  a  post-township  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y., 
on  Lake  Erie,  about  24  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Buffalo.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad.     Pop.  1378. 

Brandt,  a  post-village  of  Miami  co.,  0.,  in  Bethel  town- 
ship, about  13  miles  N.N.E.  of  Dayton.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  240. 

Brandt,  a  post-hamlct  of  Susquehanna  co..  Pa.,  in 
Harmony  township,  on  the  Erie  Railroad  ( JefTerson  Branch), 
33  miles  N.  of  CarbonJalc.  It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  a 
chair-factory,  a  brick-yard,  <tc. 

Brandt  Lake,  of  AVarren  co.,  in  the  N.E.  part  of 
New  York,  discharges  its  waters  by  Schroon  River.  Its 
length  is  about  6  miles. 

Brandt's,  a  station  on  the  Harrisburg  &  Potomac 
Railroad,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Harrisburg,  Pa. 

Bran'dy  Brook,  a  station  in  Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Ogdensburg  &  Lake  Champlain  Railroad,  27  miles  E.  of 
Malonc. 

Brandy  Camp,  a  post-hamlet  of  Elk  co..  Pa.,  10  miles 
S.E.  from  Ridgway. 

Brandy  City,  a  mining-camp  of  Sierra  co.,  C.al.,  75 
miles  N.E.  of  Marysville.    It  has  gold-mines  and  a  saw-mill. 

Brandy  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk  co.,  Ontario, 
12  miles  from  Simcoe.     Pop.  100. 

Brandy  Gap,  a  station  in  Harrison  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  Parkersburg  Branch,  10  miles 
W.  of  Clarksburg. 

Brandy  Pots,  several  small  islets  in  the  St.  Lawrence, 
lying  off  the  N.E.  end  of  Hare  Island,  below  Quebec. 

Brandy  Station,  a  post-village  of  Culpeper  co.,  Va., 


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on  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  62  miles  S.W.  of  ■Wash- 
ington. It  has  2  churches.  Several  cavalry  fights  occurred 
here  in  the  civil  war. 

Bran'dywine,  a  former  village  of  New  Castle  co., 
Del.,  now  the  9th  ward  of  the  city  of  Wilmington,  is  on 
Brandywine  Creek.  It  has  2  churches,  3  flour-mills,  a 
stave-factory,  a  cotton-mill,  and  a  brick-yard.  A  bridge 
across  the  creek  connects  it  with  Wilmington. 

Brandywine,  a  hundred  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  con- 
tiguous to  the  city  of  AVilmington.  It  is  the  northeastern- 
most  hundred  in  the  state.     Pop.  3180. 

Brandywine,  township,  Hancock  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1061. 

Brandywine,  township,  Shelby  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1224. 

Brandywine,  apost-office  and  station,  Prince  George's 
CO.,  Md.,  on  Pope's  Creek  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  <fc  Poto- 
mac Railroad,  51  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Baltimore. 

Brandywine,  a  station  in  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Wilmington  &  Reading  Railroad,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Coates- 
ville. 

Brandywine,  a  post-office  of  Pendleton  co.,  W.  Va. 

Brandywine  Creek  drains  part  of  Chester  co..  Pa., 
flows  thence  southeastward  into  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  and 
unites  with  the  Christiana  Creek  at  AVilmington.  It  runs 
through  beautiful  scenery.  On  its  banks,  near  Chadd's 
Ford,  Pa.,  General  Howe  defeated  General  Washington  on 
the  11th  of  September,  1777. 

Brandywine  Creek,  of  Indiana,  rises  in  Hancock 
CO.,  and  flows  southwestward  into  Blue  River,  a  few  miles 
below  Shelbyville. 

Brandywine  Manor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co.. 
Pa.,  in  West  Brandywine  township,  7  miles  W.  of  Down- 
ingtown,  and  1  mile  from  Manor  Railroad  Station.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  public  hall. 

Brandywine  mills,  a  hamlet  in  Northfield  township, 
Summit  CO.,  0.,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Macedonia.  It  has  a  flour- 
mill,  and  is  at  the  falls  of  Brandywine  Creek. 

Brandywine  Springs,  Delaware.    See  Faulkland. 

Brandywine  Summit,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware 
flo..  Pa.,  24  miles  by  rail  W.S.AV.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has 
leveral  churches  in  its  vicinity. 

Bran'ford,  a  post-town  and  watering-place  of  New 
Haven  co..  Conn.,  on  Long  Island  Sound,  and  on  th«  Shore 
Line  Railroad,  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  New  Haven.  It  has  9 
churches,  a  graded  school,  good  hotels,  extensive  granite 
quarries,  and  an  establishment  for  the  manufacture  of  locks 
and  malleable  iron,  in  which  together  about  1000  men  are 
employed.     Pop  in  1890,  4460. 

Branford  (railroad  station,  New  Branford),  a  post-town 
of  Suwannee  co.,  Fla.,  on  the  Suwannee  River,  23  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Live  Oak.  It  has  3  churches  and  manufactures 
of  lumber.     Pop.  500. 

Branna,  brin'ni,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  2^  miles  E.  of 
Starkenbach.     Pop.  2400. 

Brans'ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tarrant  co.,  Tex.,  11 
miles  from  Arlington.    It  has  a  church  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Bransk,  br3,nsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  31  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Biiilystok,  on  the  Noortchek  (Nourtschek).     Pop.  1030. 

Brant,  Erie  co.,  N.Y.    See  Brandt. 

Brant,  a  county  of  the  province  of  Ontario,  W.  of  Lake 
Ontario.  Area,  420  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Grand  River,  and  traversed  by  the  Grand  Trunk,  Groat 
Western,  and  Canada  Southern  Railways.  The  chief  staples 
are  lumber,  wool,  hops,  grain,  and  the  products  of  the  dairy. 
Chief  town,  Brantford.     Pop.  32,259. 

Brant,  a  township  of  Saginaw  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  482. 

Brant,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calumet  co.,  Wis.,  5  miles  N.AV. 
of  Chilton. 

Brantas,  a  river  of  Java.     See  Kediui. 

Brant'ford,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Kansas. 

Brantford,  a  hamlet  of  Sherburne  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  nearly  opposite  St.  Cloud. 

Brantford,  a  city  of  Canada,  a  port  of  entry,  and 
capital  of  the  co.  of  Brant,  Ontario,  on  Grand  River,  which 
is  navigable  to  within  2^  miles  of  the  town,  for  which  dis- 
tance a  canal  has  been  opened,  affording  water-communi- 
cation with  Lake  Erie,  24  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Hamilton. 
The  Brantford,  Waterloo  &  Lake  Erie  Railway  connects 
the  city  with  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad.  It  has  several 
branch  banks,  15  churches,  2  printing-offices,  from  which 
2  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers  are  issued,  about  150 
stores,  a  hospital,  a  house  of  refuge,  and  a  handsome  stone 
court-house.  The  buildings  and  shops  of  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railway  occupy  11  acres.  Among  the  manufactures  are 
brass  and  iron  castings,  tin  and  japanned  ware,  sashes  and 
blinds,  engines  and  machinery,  agricultural  implements, 
and  stoneware.  The  streets  are  lighted  by  electricity.  Pop. 
in  1881,  8107  J  in  1891,  15,324. 


Brant'ingham,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.,  8 
miles  from  Glensdale. 

Brant  Rock,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Ply- 
mouth CO.,  Mass.,  4  miles  E.  of  Marshfield.   It  has  a  church. 

Brantome,  br6N<'Hom',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Dordogne,  16  miles  N.  of  Perigueu.x.     Pop.  2591. 

Branx'holm,  or  Brank'some,  the  ancient  seat  of 
the  Dukes  of  Buccleugh,  Scotland,  co.  of  Roxburgh,  on  the 
Teviot,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Hawick.  It  has  acquired  renown 
as  the  scene  of  Scott's  "  Lay  of  the  Last  Minstrel." 

Bras  d'Or,  brS,  doR  ("Arm  of  Gold"),  a  tideless  salt- 
water lake  in  Cape  Breton  Island,  50  miles  in  length  and  20 
miles  in  breadth.  Its  depth  varies  from  12  to  60  fathoms, 
and  it  forms  a  secure  roadstead.  The  entrance  is  divided  into 
two  passages  by  Boularderie  Island ;  the  southern  passage 
is  25  miles  long  and  from  J  to  3  miles  in  breadth,  but  is  not 
navigable  for  large  vessels ;  the  northern  is  25  miles  long 
and  from  2  to  3  miles  wide,  with  60  fathoms  of  water.  Sea- 
fisheries  of  every  kind  are  carried  on  in  the  Bras  d'Or.  Its 
southern  end  communicates  by  a  ship-canal  with  St.  Peter's 
Bay,  i  mile  distant,  thus  bisecting  the  island. 

Brashear,  a  village  of  Louisiana.     See  Morgan  City. 

Brashear,  brash'eer,  or  PauI'ville,  a  post-village  of 
Adair  co..  Mo.,  11  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Edina.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  200. 

Brash'ears,  a  mining  post-village  of  Hocking  co.,  0., 
about  60  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Columbus.  Here  are  the 
works  of  the  Consolidated  Coal  and  Mining  Co.     Pop.  700. 

Brash'er,  a  township  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  con- 
tains Brasher  Falls  and  Brasher  Iron-AVorks.     Pop.  3486. 

Brasher  Centre,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y., 
has  a  church,  a  starch-factory,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Brasher  Falls,  a  post-village  of  St.  Lawrence  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Brasher  township,  on  the  St.  Regis  River,  and  on  the 
Ogdensburg  <fe  Lake  Champlain  Railroad,  36  miles  E.  by  N. 
from  Ogdensburg.  It  has  extensive  water-power,  3  churches, 
an  iron-foundry,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of 
farming-implements.     Pop.  450. 

Brasher  Iron  Works,  a  post- village  of  St.  Lawrenoe 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Brasher  township,  on  Deer  River,  about  20 
miles  AV.  by  N.  from  Malone,  and  30  miles  N.E.  of  Canton. 
It  has  an  iron-furnace  and  a  church.     Pop.  260. 

Brasile,  Brasilia,  Brasilien.    See  Brazil. 

Brasparts,  brS,s'pau',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Finistere,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Chateaulin.     Pop.  2984. 

Brass,  briss,  a  river  and  town  of  Africa,  in  Guinea,  the 
river  being  one  of  the  arms  of  the  Niger  delta,  and  the 
town  on  this  arm  in  lat.  4°  35'  N.,  Ion.  6°  16'  2"  E. 

Brassac,  bris^sik',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Tarn,  12  miles  E.  of  Castres.     Pop.  2007. 

Brass  Castle,  a  hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  3  miles 
from  AVashington.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  brick-yard. 

Brasschaet,  bris'sK3,t\  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
and  7  miles  N.E.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  2850. 

Brass'field,  a  station  of  Wake  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  Rich- 
mond  &  Danville  Railroad,  in  Cedar  Creek  township,  21 
miles  by  rail  N.AV.  of  Raleigh. 

Brasso,  or  Brassovium.    See  Kronstadt. 

Brass'town,  a  hamlet  of  Towns  co.,  Ga.,  45  miles  N. 
of  Bellton. 

Brasstown,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  395. 

Bras'well,  a  post- village  of  Paulding  co.,  Ga.,  28  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Rome.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  250. 

Bratislavia,  the  Latin  for  Brkslau. 

Brats'berg,  an  amt  in  the  S.  of  Norway,  stifts  of 
Christiania  and  Christiansand,  on  the  sea-coast.  Area,  5706 
square  miles.     Pop.  in  1876,  83,186. 

Brats'berg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn.,  6 
miles  S.  from  Rushford. 

Bratslav,  br4ts-Uv',  written  also  Bratzlaf  (Pol. 
Tiradmc,  br3,ts'l&v),  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Podolia,  on  the 
Bug,  110  miles  E.  of  Kamieniec.     Pop.  4905. 

Brattia,  the  ancient  name  of  Brazza. 

Brat'tleborough,  a  post- village  of  Windham  co.,  Vt., 
in  Brattleborough  township,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  about 
1  mile  below  the  mouth  of  AA''est  River,  and  on  the  Central 
Vermont  Railroad,  77  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rutland,  110  miles  S. 
of  Montpelier,  and  119  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Boston.  It  has  a 
bridge  across  the  Connecticut  River,  2  national  banks,  2 
savings-banks,  8  churches,  a  graded  school,  2  large  manu- 
factories of  parlor  organs,  and  manufsictures  of  carriages, 
furniture,  and  machinery.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  A^ermont 
Asylum  for  the  Insane.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished here.  Pop.  in  1880,  4471;  in  1890,  5467;  of  the 
township  in  1890,  6862. 

Brat'ton,  a  post-village  of  Nemaha  co..  Neb.,  about  30 
miles  S.  of  Nebraska  City.     It  has  2  churches. 


BRA 


700 


BRA 


Bratton,  a  township  of  Mifflin  oo.,  Pa.    Pop.  852. 

Brat'ton?illef  a  post-haiulot  of  Amutrong  oo.,  Pa., 
•bout  40  milM  N.E.  of  Pitt«burg. 

BrfttZt  brit«,  a  town  of  I'ruBsia,  in  Poson,  10  miles 
8.S.E.  of  MMoritt,  on  the  Obra.     Pop.  1657. 

Bratzkoif  br&ta-koy',  a  town  of  Siberia,  government 
U>d  250  miles  N.W.  of  Irkootsk,  at  the  confluence  of  the 
Oka  and  Angara.     Lat.  55°  34'  N. ;  Ion,  101°  47'  E. 

Branbnchf  brdw'b&K,  a  town  of  I'ruatiiiv,  10  miles  by 
rail  AV.S.W.  of  Kiissau,  on  the  Rhino.     Pop.  1735. 

Braucrsville,  brtiw'^rz-vll,  post-office,  lionton  co.,  Mo. 

Brauiiau,  brCw'uOw,  a  town  of  Austria,  6U  milco  by 
rail  W.  of  Lintz,  at  the  junction  of  the  Salza  and  the  Inn. 
Pop.  2767. 

Braunaiif  a  town  of  Bohemia,  33  miles  N.E.  of  Konig- 
griitz,  has  a  gymnasium,  n  Benedictine  abbey,  and  extcn- 
■ivo  luanufictures.     Pop.  4246. 

Braunfels,  brOwn'fdls,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  37 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Coblentz.     Pop.  1645. 

Braunhirschen,  brSwn'hSSn^shQn,  a  village  of  Lower 
Au.<tria,  near  Vienna.     Pop.  9937. 

Braiinliiigen,  broin'ling-^n,  a  town  of  Baden,  29 
miles  K.S.E.  of  Freiburg,  on  the  Brigach.     Pop,  1660. 

Brauiisbach,  brCwns'bilK,  a  town  of  AVUrtcmberg,  6 
miles  S,E.  of  KUnzelsau.     Pop,  882. 

Braunsberg,  browns'b^RO,  a  town  of  Prussia,  35 
miles  by  rail  S,W,  of  Konigsberg,  on  the  Passarge,  near  its 
mouth  in  the  Frische  Haff.  It  is  the  residence  of  the 
Bishop  of  Ermeland,  with  a  theological  seminary  (Roman 
Catholic),  and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth  and  yam,  and 
a  trade  in  corn  and  timber.     Pop.  10,471. 

Braunsberg,  a  town  of  Moravia,  38  miles  N.E.  of 
Prerau.     Pop.  3265. 

Braunschweig,  Germany.    See  Brunswick. 

Braunseifen,  brSwn'si-f^n,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Mo- 
ravia, 18  miles  N.N.E,  of  Olmutz.     Pop.  2714. 

Brava,  bri'vi,  a  town  of  Eiistern  Africa,  coast  of  Zan- 
guebar,  1 10  miles  S.W.  of  Magadoxo.  It  carries  on  a  trade 
with  India  and  Arabia. 

Brava,  the  southernmost  of  the  Cape  Verd  Islands 
(lat.  14°  49'  N,,  Ion.  24°  45'  W,),  is  7  miles  long  and  6  miles 
broad.  It  is  rocky,  dry,  and  healthful,  with  an  industrious 
population.  The  town  of  Brava,  or  Sao  Joao  Baptista,  on 
the  E.  coast,  is  visited  by  whale-ships,  and  supplies  many 
good  seamen.  Palm-leaf  hats  are  manufactured  here. 
Area,  45  square  miles.     Total  pop.  6483. 

Bravo,  br&'vo,  a  post-office  of  Allegan  co,,  Mich,,  at  the 
village  of  Sherman, 

Bravo  del  Norte,  Rio.    See  Rio  Grande. 

Braw'ley,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  Ark. 

Brax'ton,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  West  Vir- 
ginia, has  an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  Elk  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Little  Kanaw- 
ha. The  surface  is  hilly,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests  ; 
the  soil  is  generally  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  oats 
are  the  staple  products.  Beds  of  coal  are  found  here. 
Capital,  Braxton  Court-House,  or  Sutton.  Pop. 'in  1870, 
6480;  in  1880,  9787;  in  1890,  13,928. 

Braxton  Court-House,  or  Sutton,  a  post-villnge, 
capital  of  Braxton  co,,  W.  Va.,  on  Elk  River,  about  56 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Charleston,  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  2 
newspaper  offices,  and  a  large  saw-mill.     Pop.  700. 

Bray,  a  parish  of  England,  co.of  Berks,  on  the  Thames, 
containing  part  of  the  town  of  Maidenhead,  and  famous 
as  the  abode  of  "  the  Vicar  of  Bray."  Pop.  5755.  In  the 
Thames  here  is  Monkey  Island. 

Bray,  a  town  of  Ireland,  cos.  of  Dublin  and  Wicklow, 
on  the  Bray,  at  its  mouth,  12  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Dub- 
lin. It  has  a  hospital,  a  harbor  for  small  sloops,  and  some 
manufactories  of  woollen  and  linen  fabrics.     Pop,  6077. 

Bray,  bri,  a  river  of  France,  between  Sarthe  and  Loir- 
et-Cher,  joins  the  Loire  at  Soug6. 

Bray,  a  small  district  of  France,  in  the  old  province 
of  Normandy,  now  included  in  the  department  of  Seine- 
Inf^rieure.  Bray  is  also  the  name  of  several  other  places 
in  France. 

Bray'field,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  111. 

Bray'mer,  a  post-village  of  Caldwell  co,.  Mo.,  21  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Chillicothe,  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  450. 

Bray-sur-Seine,  bri-sUn-sin,  a  town  of  France,  in 
Seine-et-Marne,  on  the  Seine,  10  miles  S,S,W,  of  Provins, 
Pop.  1508. 

Brayton,  br^'t^n,  a  station  in  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  2 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Fall  River. 

Brayton,  a  post-village  of  Greeley  co.,  Neb.,  35  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Central  City.     It  has  a  church. 


Brazcau,  br&'zC,  a  township  of  Perry  co..  Mo.  Pop 
2281.     It  contains  Altenburg  ami  Wittcnburg. 

Brazil,  bri-zil'  (Port,  and  Sjjunish  pron,  bri-zeel'  or 
br&-seel' ;  Fr.  ]tr(»il,  bri'zoel' ;  Ger,  Uranilieii,  bri-zee'- 
le-?n  ;  Ital,  Hmmle,  brft-sce'li ;  Lat,  Jiiunil'id),  a  vngt 
country  of  South  America,  occupying  nearly  ono-lialf  of 
that  continent,  and  principally  in  the  torrid  zone,  is  bounded 
on  the  N,  by  Guiana  and  the  republics  of  Venezuela  and  Co- 
lombia,  on  the  N.E.,  E,,  and  S.E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean, 
and  on  the  W.  by  Peru,  Bolivia,  and  Paraguay,  It  extends 
from  lat.  4°  N,  to  33°  41'  S,,  and  is  mostly  included  betwtcn 
Ion,  35°  and  70°  W.  Its  greatest  length  is  about  2600  miles, 
and  the  extent  of  its  coast-line  is  nearly  3800  miles.  The 
coast-line  is  not  deeply  indented  by  bays  or  inlets,  but  the 
outline  of  the  empire  is  very  irregular.  Area,  officially  esti- 
mated at  3,209,878  square  miles,  thus  exceeding  by  about 
240,000  square  miles  the  entire  area  of  the  United  States, 
exclusive  of  Alaska.     Capital,  Rio  Janeiro. 

Mouutaint  and  Plaint. — The  eastern  and  southern  por- 
tions are  generally  mountainous  and  hilly.  The  highest  and 
most  important  ranges  are  the  Serra  do  Espinha^o  and  the 
Serra  da  Mantiqueira,  which  are  nearly  parallel  to  the 
coast,  and  extend  between  18°and  23°  S,  lat.  The  greatest 
altitude  of  these  is  not  much  over  9000  feet.  The  Organ 
Mountains  near  Rio  Janeiro  are  remarkable  for  picturesque 
scenery  and  rich  vegetation,  A  low  range  called  Serro  do 
Mar  extends  from  Rio  Janeiro  nearly  to  lat.  29°  S,,  and  is 
parallel  to  the  coast,  from  which  it  is  only  a  few  niilei 
distant.  Extensive  table-lands  are  found  in  the  interior 
of  Brazil,  to  which  belongs  also  the  vast  plain  traversed 
by  the  Amazon  and  its  tributaries.  'This  plain,  called 
Silvus,  is  almost  perfectly  level,  has  a  deep  rich  soil,  and  is 
covered  with  dense  primeval  and  evergreen  forests.  "  From 
the  grassy  steppes  of  Venezuela,"  says  Orton,  "  to  the  tree- 
less pampas  of  Buenos  Ayres,  expands  a  sea  of  verdure,  in 
which  wo  may  draw  a  circle  of  1100  miles  in  diameter 
which  shall  include  an  evergreen  unbroken  forest," 

Jtivers. — No  country  exceeds  this  in  the  number  and 
magnitude  of  navigable  rivers,  which  form  a  complete  net- 
work and  render  the  most  central  parts  of  the  republic  easily 
accessible.  To  Brazil  belongs  the  greater  part  of  the  Ama- 
zon, which  surpasses  in  volume  every  other  river  on  the 
globe.  It  flows  nearly  eastward  across  the  great  equatorial 
])lain,  and  is  the  only  great  river  whose  course  is  all  near 
the  same  latitude.  It  enters  Brazil  at  Tabatinga  (which  is 
about  2000  miles  from  its  mouth),  and  is  navigable  for  large 
vessels  in  all  parts  of  its  course  below  that  point.  The  prin- 
cipal affluents  of  the  Amazon,  which  all  enter  it  at  a  very 
acute  angle,  are  the  Rio  Madeira,  the  Rio  Negro,  the  Ta- 
pajos,  the  Xingu,  the  Japura,  and  the  Purus,  which  afford 
a  great  extent  of  navigable  waters.  The  mouths  of  all 
these  are  in  Brazil,  which  also  includes  the  greater  part 
of  their  course.  The  other  large  rivers  are  the  Tocantins, 
which  flows  northward,  the  San  Francisco,  which  drains  the 
eastern  part,  the  Paran.!,  which  flows  southwestward,  the 
ParaguB-y,  a  tributary  of  the  Parana,  the  Araguay,  the 
Paranahiba,  and  the  Uruguaj'.  These  are  mostly  navigable 
for  steamers.     Brazil  has  comparatively  few  large  lakes. 

Climate. — This  republic  is  nearly  all  in  the  torrid  zone. 
The  climate  is  generally  healthy.  In  the  great  plain  of  the 
Amazon  the  heat  is  tempered  by  immense  forests,  a  large 
expanse  of  water,  and  the  trade-wind,  which  almost  con- 
stantly blows  up  the  river.  This  equatorial  plain  enjoys 
perpetual  summer,  and  here  the  year  is  divided  into  only 
two  seasons,  the  wet  and  the  dry.  The  rainfall  is  excessive 
during  the  wet  season,  which  begins  about  December  15 
and  continues  nearly  six  months.  The  mean  annual  tem- 
perature on  the  banks  of  the  Amazon  is  about  81°.  Pard, 
which  is  scarcely  2°  from  the  equator,  enjoys  an  agreeable 
climate,  the  maximum  temperature  of  which  is  95°  and 
the  minimum  about  70°  Fahr.  At  Rio  Janeiro  the  mean 
annual  temperature  is  about  74°.  The  prevalent  winds  of 
the  greater  portion  of  Brazil  are  the  trade-winds,  which 
blow  from  the  east  and  carry  an  abundant  supply  of 
moisture  from  the  ocean  to  the  interior. 

Geology  and  Minerals. — The  mountains  of  Brazil  are 
mostly  composed  of  gneiss  and  granite.  Gneiss  is  exposed 
at  the  cataracts  of  the  Madeira,  the  Tapajos,  the  Tocantins, 
and  the  Xingu,  and  it  is  probable  that  this  rock  underlies 
nearly  all  the  table-lands  and  highlands.  The  valley  of 
the  Amazon  is  remarkable  for  the  uniform  character  of  its 
geology.  "From  the  Andes  to  the  Atlantic,"  says  Prof. 
Orton,  "and  from  the  Falls  of  the  Madeira  to  the  Orinoco, 
scarcely  anything  is  visible  but  clays  and  sandstones.  The 
fundamental  rock  is  metamorphic,  chiefly  gneiss  and  gran- 
ite." In  the  valley  of  the  Upper  San  Francisco  River  are 
limestone  caverns  containing  many  bones  of  extinct  ani- 


BRA 


701 


BRA 


mals,  such  as  the  megatherium,  mastodon,  and  glyptodon. 
Devonian  and  Carboniferous  rooks  are  found  in  parts  of 
;  the  country.  Among  its  mineral  resources  are  diamonds, 
emeralds,  rubies,  topazes,  gold,  silver,  copper,  iron,  lead, 
coal,  mercury,  and  sulphur.  The  diamond-mines  of  Brazil 
are  'among  the  most  important  in  the  world.  The  richest 
i  gold-mines  of  this  republic  are  in  the  state  of  Minas- 
I  Geraes,  near  Ouro  Preto.  Gold  is  found  in  quartz,  in  drift 
i  gravel,  and  in  alluvial  sands.  Iron  abounds  in  nearly  all 
!  the  states.  Rich  copper-mines  are  found  in  the  states 
i  of  Goyaz,  Matto-Grosso,  and  Kio  Grande  do  Sul.  Silver  is 
found  alloyed  with  gold  at  several  places.  Coal  is  mined  at 
several  points  in  the  S.,  and  is  of  the  carboniferous  age, 
and  highly  bituminous.  It  is  an  excellent  gas  and  steam  coal. 
Vegetation. — The  vegetation  is  extremely  luxuriant,  and 
is  composed  of  a  great  multitude  of  species.  The  great  plain, 
traversed  by  the  Amazon  and  its  tributaries,  is  covered  by  a 
dense,  primeval,  and  impenetrable  forest,  in  which  gigantic 
trees  are  entwined,  draped,  and  festooned  by  panvsitical 
creepers,  climbing  plants,  lianas,  Ac.  No  region  in  the 
world  produces  such  a  quantity  and  variety  of  useful  and 
ornamental  timber.  Within  an  area  of  half  a  mile  square 
Agassiz  counted  117  species  of  trees.  Palms,  bananas,  and 
tree-ferns  are  forms  of  beauty  peculiar  to  a  tropical  forest. 
Nearly  75  species  of  palm  are  found  in  the  valley  of  the 
Amazon,  including  the  Carnahuba  palm,  from  which  valu- 
able wa.\  is  procured.  Here  are  several  species  of  Legu  - 
minosa),  whioh  grow  to  a  great  size.  To  this  order  belong 
the  Brazil-wood,  a  species  of  Cxsalpiiiia,  which  is  used  as  a 
red  dyestuff,  and  the  Andim  aubletii,  which  affords  durable 
ship-timber.  Among  the  other  Brazilian  trees  are  the  Si- 
jjAouiaeZastica  (caoutchouc-tree),  the  Theohroma  Cacao,  the 
rosewood-tree,  ox  jacaranda,  the  mahogany,  and  the  cocoa- 
nut  palm.  The  best  fruits  are  the  pineapple,  the  mango, 
the  banana,  the  alligator  pear  (Persea  gratissima),  the 
gaava,  the  papaya,  the  orange,  and  the  Anona  squamosa, 
ca.\\ed  ata  or  pinha.  The  most  important  plants  cultivated 
for  food,  &o.,  are  coffee,  sugar,  cotton,  cocoa,  rice,  maize, 
tobacco,  bananas,  yams,  and  mandioca  or  cassava,  which 
yields  farina  and  tapioca.  The  last  is  indigenous,  and  is 
the  plant  on  which  the  Indians  and  other  natives  mainly 
depend  for  subsistence.  The  root,  which  is  the  part  used 
for  food,  contains  a  deadly  poison,  which  is  easily  expelled 
by  the  action  of  fire.  The  value  of  the  annual  product  of 
coffee  is  nearly  $60,000,000,  much  more  than  that  of  any 
other  plant  cultivated  in  Brazil.  The  Ilex  curitiheusis, 
whioh  yields  mati  or  Paraguay  tea,  is  indigenous  in  the 
southern  provinces.  Many  valuable  medicinal  plants  are 
natives  of  this  country.  Among  the  valued  native  products 
are  sarsaparilla,  copal,  copaiba,  ipecacuanha,  pareira  brava, 
jaborandi,  piassaba,  guarana,  &c.  The  cultivation  of  tea  is 
an  industry  of  recent  introduction,  but  of  much  promise. 

Animals. — The  number  of  species  of  animals  is  very  large. 
The  most  dangerous  beasts  of  prey  are  the  jaguar,  the  puma 
or  cougar,  the  tiger-cat,  the  wolf,  and  the  ocelot.  The 
forests  are  tenanted  by  immense  numbers  of  monkeys,  whose 
habits  are  arboreal.  Several  species  of  deer  are  found  on 
the  open  plains.  Among  the  other  animals  are  the  tapir, 
the  armadillo,  the  peccary,  the  capybara,  the  alligator,  the 
sloth,  the  ant-eater,  and  the  boa-constrictor.  The  Brazilian 
birds  are  celebrated  for  the  beauty  of  their  plumage,  espe- 
cially the  parrots  and  humming-birds,  which  are  said  to  be 
more  numerous  here  than  in  any  other  country.  Here  is 
found  the  Uraponga,  campanfiro  or  tolling-bell  bird,  whose 
metallic  tones  resound  through  the  forest  like  the  strokes 
of  a  hammer  on  an  anvil.  About  2000  species  of  fish  are 
found  in  the  Amazon  River,  which  also  swarms  with  alli- 
gators, turtles,  porpoises,  and  manatees. 

The  principal  domestic  animals  are  horned  cattle,  horses, 
and  mules.  Immense  herds  of  cattle  and  horses  are  pas- 
tured on  the  plains  of  the  interior.  The  cattle  are  caught 
with  the  lasso,  and  killed  for  the  hides  and  tallow. 

Commerce  aud  Industry. — The  industries  of  Brazil  are 
confined  almost  exclusively  to  agriculture,  mining,  and 
forest  products,  manufacturing  having  thus  far  been  but 
slightly  developed.  The  chief  articles  of  export  are  coffee, 
india-rubber,  sugar,  raw  cotton,  hides,  and  tobacco.  The 
imports  embrace  cotton  goods,  wines  and  spirits,  pre- 
served meats  and  fish,  woollen  goods,  farinaceous  food, 
iron  and  steel,  coal,  and  manufactures  of  hides  and  leather. 
The  average  annual  value  of  the  exports  for  the  five  years, 
188.3-88,  was  243,297,444  milreis=$131,.380,619.  The  aver- 
age annual  value  of  the  imports  for  the  same  period  was 
230,062,500  milreis=$124,23.3,750.  The  value  of  the  im- 
ports from  the  United  States  increased  from  $6,541,216  in 
1886,  to  $11,902,946  in  1890  ;  and  the  exports  to  the  United 
States  from  $41,907,532  in  1886,  to  $59,318,766  in  1890. 


Of  the  export  trade  the  United  States  has  altogether  the 
largest  share  of  any  one  government  (nearly  one-half  the 
entire  total),  while  of  the  import  trade  England  enjoys 
about  one-half.  The  value  of  the  coffee  alone  exported  from 
Brazil  to  the  United  States  in  1889  was  $44,891,739. 

Government,  Races,  dec. — The  population  of  Brazil  con- 
sists of  white  persons  of  European  descent,  negroes,  Indi- 
ans, Creoles,  mamelucos  (a  mixture  of  Indians  with  whites), 
and  mestizoes  (in  whom  negro  blood  is  mixed  with  Indian). 
The  greater  number  of  the  negroes,  who  constitute  about 
one-fifth  of  the  population,  were  until  recently  held  in 
slavery ;  but  they  are  now  all  free.  The  gradual  emancipa- 
tion of  the  slaves  was  inaugurated  in  September,  1871,  when 
a  law  was  enacted  providing  that  every  child  born  of  a 
slave  mother  after  that  date  should  be  free,  but  obliged  to 
serve  the  mother's  master  until  21  years  of  age.  In  1885 
another  law  was  passed  declaring  all  sexagenarians  free, 
but  obliging  them  to  serve  their  masters  until  65  years  old. 
Finally,  in  May,  1888,  an  act  was  passed  decreeing  imme- 
diate and  unconditional  emancipation. 

Prior  to  1889  the  government  of  Brazil  was  an  hereditary 
monarchy,  but  by  a  bloodless  revolution  effected  in  that 
year  the  monarchy  was  overthrown,  the  emperor  (Dom 
Pedro  II.)  exiled,  and  a  republic  was  established  under  the 
name  of  the  United  States  of  Brazil.  The  new  govern- 
ment, formed  on  the  model  of  the  government  of  the  United 
States,  comprises  executive,  legislative,  and  judicial  de- 
partments, the  first-named  consisting  of  a  president,  vice- 
president,  and  cabinet,  the  second  of  a  senate  and  chamber 
of  deputies,  and  the  third  of  a  federal  supreme  court  and 
subordinate  tribunals.  The  president  and  vice-president 
are  elected  by  the  direct  votes  of  the  people,  and  must  have 
an  absolute  msijoriiy  of  the  votes  cast.  Their  term  of  office 
is  four  years.  The  members  of  the  chamber  of  deputies  are 
also  elected  by  the  voters  of  the  several  states,  and  hold 
office  for  three  years.  Senators  are  chosen  by  the  state 
legislatures  (three  senators  from  each  state),  and  hold  office 
for  nine  years.  Twenty  states  (corresponding  to  the  depart- 
ments of  the  late  empire  and  bearing  their  names)  and  a 
federal  district  compose  the  new  federation. 

The  following  table,  based  on  an  official  estimate,  gives 
the  population  and  area  of  each  state  in  1888,  aud  the 
population  per  square  mile: 


Alagoas 

Amazuiias 

Bahia 

Ceai'd 

Espirito  Santo 

Federal  Diiilrict 

Goyaz 

Maranliao 

Matto-Grosso 

Minas-Geraes 

Paiii 

I'arabyba 

I'araiid 

I'ernambuco 

I'iauhy 

Rio  de  Janeiro 

Ilio  Grande  do  Norte, 

Kio  Grande  do  Sul 

^'anta  Catliaiina 

Sao  I'aulo 

Sergil)e 

Totol 


Area  in 
sq.  miles. 


22,583 
7:«,460 
164,649 
40,253 
17,:n2 
5.S8 
288,546 
177,566 
5:i2,708 
222,160 
443,1)53 
2S,854 
85,453 
49,6-26 
116,218 
26,634 
22,195 
91,335 
27,436 
112,330 
7,370 


3,209,878 


Population 
1888. 


459,371 
80,654 

1,821,089 
952,625 
121,.' 62 
406,958 
211,721 
488,443 
79,750 

3,018,807 
407,350 
496,618 
187,548 

1,110,831 
266,933 

1,164,468 
308,852 
561,527 
236,346 

1,386,242 
232,640 


14,002,335 


Pop.  per 
sq.  mile. 


20. 

.11 
11. 
23.60 
7. 
756. 
.77 
2.70 
.14 
13.58 
.91 
17. 
2.19 
2-2. 
2.20 
43.70 
13.90 
6.18 
8.60 
12.34 
31. 


The  chief  cities  are  Rio  Janeiro,  Bahia,  Pernambuco,  Pard, 
Maranhao,  and  Sao  Paulo. 

History. — Brazil  was  discovered  by  Vincent  Yanez  Pin- 
con,  a  companion  of  Columbus,  in  1499  or  1500.  In  the 
next  year  the  Portuguese  commander  Pedro  Alvarez  Cabral 
was  driven  by  adverse  winds  so  far  from  his  track  that  he 
landed  on  the  coast  of  Brazil  and  took  formal  possession 
of  it  for  his  sovereign.  The  country  was  gradually  colo- 
nized by  the  Portuguese,  who  formed  a  settlement  at  Rio 
Janeiro  in  1567.  The  Dutch  and  Spaniards  at  different 
times  attacked  and  destroyed  some  of  their  settlements,  but 
the  Portuguese  retained  possession  of  the  country.  When 
Napoleon  invaded  Portugal  and  announced  that  the  house 
of  Braganza  had  ceased  to  reign  (1807),  the  Portuguese  sov- 
ereign or  regent  resolved  to  take  refuge  in  Brazil,  where 
he,  with  all  the  royal  family,  arrived  in  January,  1808. 
In'  1815  Brazil  was  raised  to  the  rank  of  a  kingdom,  and 
became  the  head  of  its  own   mother  country,  the  mon- 


BRA 


Toa 


BRE 


•rohy  being  henceforth  styled  the  United  Kingdom  of  Por- 
tugal, Urntil.  and  Algarve.  In  1821  the  king,  John  VI., 
returned  to  Portugal,  leaving  his  son  Dom  Pedro  as  regent. 
Revolutionary  movoinonts  wore  initiated  by  ninny  Brazil- 
ians, who  desiroil  a  scjiarntion  from  the  mother  country. 
Dom  Pedro  iiroolaimod  the  independence  of  Brazil  in  1822, 
and  assumed  the  title  of  emperor.  In  13.31  he  abdicated 
the  throne  in  favor  of  bis  son  Dom  Pedro  II.,  a  minor,  who 
was  crowned  in  1841,  and  who  enjoyed  a  prosperous  reign 
until  the  revolution  of  188U  (see  O'nvernmeiit),  which  led 
to  the  establishment  of  the  Republic.  In  1805  war  wns 
declared  against  Brazil  and  the  Argentine  Republic  by 
Lopez,  dictator  of  Paraguay.  The  act  was  followed  by  a 
Mvere  struggle  of  fire  years'  duration,  at  the  end  of  which 
time  Paraguay  had  lost  nine-tenths  of  her  male  population, 
and  her  ruler  was  slain- 

Urn^zii',  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clay  co.,  Ind.,  on 
tlie  St.  Louis,  Vandalia,  Terre  Haute  &  Indianapolis  Rail- 
road, 16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Terre  Haute,  and  57  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Indianapolis.  It  is  in  a  township  of  the  same  name. 
Its  prosperity  is  derived  chiefly  from  mines  of  block-coal 
and  the  manufacture  of  pig-in)n.  Here  arc  extensive  iron 
blast  furnaces  and  numerous  shafts  or  collieries  of  block- 
coal,  which  is  an  excellent  fuel  for  the  purpose  of  smelting 
iron  ore.  Brazil  is  the  most  populous  place  in  Clay  co.  It 
has  10  churches,  2  banks,  5  newspaper  offices,  4  graded 
schools,  rolling-mills,  and  manufactures  of  turnbuckles,  rail- 
road-spikes, brick  and  tiles,  and  nn  extensive  foundry  and 
machine  shops.    Pop.  in  1890,  5905  ;  of  the  township,  69;{9. 

JBrazil,  a  post-village  of  Gibson  co.,  Tenn.,  9  miles 
S.W.  from  Trenton.     It  has  an  academy  and  3  churches. 

Brazils',  a  post-hamlet  of  Saline  co.,  Ark.,  20  miles  N. 
of  Benton.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Brazito,  br4-zee'to,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cole  co..  Mo.,  14 
miles  S.W.  from  Jefferson  City.     It  has  2  churches. 

Brazoria,  bri-zo'r?-a,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of 
Texas,  has  an  area  of  about  1250  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Brazos  and  San  Bernard  Rivers.  The  surface 
is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests,  in 
which  the  live-oak  abounds;  the  soil  is  alluvial  and  sandy. 
Cotton,  cattle,  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products. 
The  county  is  partly  traversed  by  the  International  &  Great 
Northern  Railroad,  which  has  a  terminus  at  Columbia  in 
this  county.  Capital,  Brazoria.  Pop.  in  1870,  7527;  in 
18S0,  9774;  in  1890,  11,506. 

Brazoria,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Brazoria  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  right  or  W.  bank  of  the  Brazos  River,  about  25  miles 
from  its  mouth,  and  60  miles  W.S.W.  of  Galveston.  Steam- 
boats can  navigate  the  river  above  and  below  this  place. 
It  contains  a  college  and  5  churches.     Pop.  725. 

Brazos,  bri'zos,  a  large  river  of  Texas,  rises  in  a  high 
table-land  called  the  Staked  Plain,  in  the  N.W.  part  of 
the  state.  It  flows  eastward  to  Baylor  co.,  below  which  its 
general  direction  is  nearly  southeastward.  It  intersects 
the  counties  of  Young,  Palo  Pinto,  Hood,  Somerville,  McLen- 
nan, Falls,  Fort  Bend,  and  Brazoria,  and  forms  the  bound- 
ary between  other  counties.  It  enters  the  Gulf  of  Mexico 
in  Brazoria  co.,  about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Galveston.  It  is 
nearly  950  miles  long,  and  is  said  to  drain  an  area  of  34,000 
square  miles.  Steamboats  can  ascend  it  during  high  water 
about  250  miles.  It  runs  through  extensive  fertile  prairies, 
in  which  cotton  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products. 

Brazos,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Texas,  has 
an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  the  Navasota  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Brazos 
River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  uneven ;  the  soil  is 
fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  cattle  are  the  staple 
products  of  this  county,  which  is  intersected  by  the  Houston 
<t  Texas  Central  Railroad,  leading  north  and  south.  Capi- 
tal, Bryan.  Pop.  in  1870,  9205;  in  1880,  13,576;  in  1890, 
16,650.  Among  its  indigenous  forest  trees  are  the  ash,  elm, 
hickory,  oak,  Ac. 

Brazos,  a  post-hamlet  of  Palo  Pinto  co.,  Tex.,  45  miles 
by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Fort  Worth.  It  has  several  stores  and 
other  business  houses. 

Brazos  Bottom,  a  hamlet  of  Burleson  co.,  Tex.,  15 
miles  from  Bryan.     It  has  a  church. 

Brazos  Island,  Cameron  co.,  Tex.,  is  a  coast  island 
of  sand,  nearly  destitute  of  vegetation,  and  without  good 
water.  It  extends  10  miles  S.  from  Brazos  Santiago  to 
Boca  Chiea,  both  of  which  are  narrow  inlets  commuuicating 
with  the  lagoon  which  divides  the  island  from  the  main- 
land. Boca  Chica  is  sometimes  so  choked  with  sand  that 
•Jie  island  becomes  a  peninsula. 

Brazos  Peak,  Colorado,  apeak  of  the  San  Juan  Moun- 
tains, in  the  S.  part  of  the  state.    Altitude,  11,214  feet. 


Brazos  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bosque  oo.,  Tc.x.,  on 
the  Brazos  River,  4U  miles  S.  from  Fort  Worth.  It  ha«  a 
church. 

Brazos  Santiago,  san-te-i'go,  a  hamlet  of  Cnmeroa 
CO.,  Tex.,  on  Brazos  Islur.i,  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  about 
22  miles  N.E.  of  Brownsville.  It  was  submerged  by  a  cy- 
clone in  1874,  and  entirely  washed  away. 

Brazza,  br&t's&  (nnc.  Jlrat'tia),  an  island  of  Dalmatia, 
in  the  Adriatic,  8  miles  S.  of  Spalato.  Area,  170  squar* 
miles.  Surface  mountainous  and  rugged  ;  but  the  island  U 
industriously  cultivated,  and  yields  oil,  figs,  almonds,  saf- 
fron, wine,  cheese,  and  honey.  Principal  villages,  Milna 
and  Ncresi.  The  channel  of  Bruzza,  between  it  and  the 
mainland,  is  from  7  to  8  miles  across,  affording  secure  an- 
chorage.    Pop.  15,497. 

Breadal'bane,  a  district  of  Scotland,  comprising  the 
western  part  of  the  co.  of  Perth.  Although  traversed  Ly 
the  Grampians,  it  has  good  roads  and  bridges.  The  scenery 
of  Loch  lay  and  other  situations  is  highly  picturesque. 
Chief  proprietor,  the  Marquis  of  Brcadalbane. 

Bread  Loaf,  a  ]>08t-liamlet  of  Addison  co.,  Vt.,  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Jliddlebury.     llere  are  lumber-mills. 

Brca'dysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  In 
Warminster  township,  on  the  Northeast  Pennsylvania  liail. 
road,  about  20  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Philadelphia. 

Break'abecn,  a  post-village  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y., 
on  Schoharie  River,  about  40  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Albany. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  foundry,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Break'neck,  a  hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  N.Y.,  1  mile 
from  Cold  Spring. 

Breakneck,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co..  Pa.,  is  at  Evans- 
burg,  about  22  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Pittsburg. 

Break'sea  Spit,  a  reef  18  miles  in  length,  on  the  E. 
coast  of  Australia,  stretching  N.  from  Sandy  Cape.  Lat.,  N. 
point,  24°  24'  S. ;  Ion.  153°  18'  E. 

Br6al,  bri'il',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Ille-et- 
Vilaine,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Rennes.     Pop.  2170. 

Breast  (or  Teton,  t^-tiN"')  River,  Montana,  rises 
in  Deer  Lodge  co.,  runs  eastward,  and  enters  the  Missouri 
River  in  Choteau  co.,  about  10  miles  below  Fort  Benton.  It 
is  nearly  200  miles  long. 

Breath'edsville,  a  post-village  and  railroad  station 
of  Washington  co.,  Md.,  7  miles  S.  of  Hagerstown,  on  the 
Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Railroad  (Washington  County  Branch). 
It  has  4  churches,  a  seminary,  a  carriage-shop,  a  flour-mill, 
and  2  nurseries. 

Breathitt,  brith'it,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Ken- 
tucky, has  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  North  and  Middle  Forks  of  Kentucky  River. 
The  surface  is  diversified  by  hills  and  fertile  valley.",  and  is 
mostly  covered  with  forests  of  good  timber.  Indian  corn  is 
the  staple  product  of  the  soil.  Beds  of  coal  and  iron  ore  are 
found  here,  the  coal  being  in  general  of  a  semi -bituminous, 
free- burning,  and  non-coking  character.  Capital,  Jackson.' 
Pop.  in  1870,  5672;  in  1880,  7742;  in  1890,  8705. 

Br^aut^,  bri'oHi',  a  town  of  France,  Seine-Inferioure, 
15  miles  N.E.  of  Havre.     Pop.  1320, 

Breaux  (bro)  Bridge,  a  post-village  of  St.  Martin's 
parish,  La.,  on  the  Bayou  Teche,  25  miles  S.S.E.  of  Opelou- 
sas.     It  has  2  churches,  a  saw-mill,  and  2  cotton-gins. 

Brecey,  br§h-si',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Manche,  27  miles  S.W.  of  Saint-L6.     Pop.  2300. 

Brcchar,  one  of  the  Scilly  Islands.    See  Biiehau. 

Breche-de-Roland,  braish-d^h-ro'liN"',  a  defile  of 
the  Pyrenees,  between  France  and  Spain,  11  miles  S.  of 
Luz,  at  an  elevation  of  9500  feet  above  the  sea.  It  fonnf 
a  difficult  passage,  from  200  to  300  feet  wide,  in  a  rocky 
wall  from  300  to  600  feet  high.  Its  name,  signifying  the 
"breach  of  Roland,"  is  derived  from  a  tradition  that  Roland 
opened  the  breach  by  a  blow  of  his  sword. 

Brechin,  br^K'in,  a  borough  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Forfar, 
on  the  South  Esk,  7i  miles  by  railway  W.N.W.  of  Montrose. 
It  stands  on  an  abrupt  declivity,  and  some  of  its  streets  are 
very  steep;  but  it  is  well  built.  Its  cathedral,  founded  in 
the  twelfth  century,  has  a  spire  128  feet  in  height,  and  now 
serves  as  the  parish  church  ;  attached  to  it  is  a  remarkable 
round  tower.  The  other  edifices  consist  of  various  chapels, 
the  town  house,  the  public  schools,  and  some  remains  of  an 
ancient  hospital.  It  has  manufactures  of  linens,  paper, 
spirits,  (fee.  Brechin  unites  with  Montrose  in  sending  on** 
member  to  the  House  of  Commons.  It  is  the  seat  of  an 
Anglican  bishop.     Pop.  7959. 

Brechin,  brek'in,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  co.,  On- 
tario, 10  miles  from  Beaverton.     Pop.  100. 

Brecht,  brfint,  a  town  of  Belgium,  14  miles  N.E.  of 
Antwerp.     Pop.  2000. 

Breck'enridge,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  boidering  on 


BRE 


i(a 


BRE 


Indiana,  has  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  S.  by 
Roufh  Creek,  and  also  drained  by  Sinking  Creek.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests 
of  the  hickory,  ash,  oak,  tulip-tree,  <tc. ;  the  soil  is  fertile. 
Tobacco,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
The  rock  which  underlies  this  county  is  cavernous  lime- 
stone, in  which  occurs  a  large  cavern  called  Penitentiary 
Cave,  and  a  creek  which  flows  underground  for  several 
miles.  Capital,  Hardinsburg.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,440;  in 
1880,  17,486;  in  1890,  18,976. 

Breckenridge,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Summit  co., 
Col.,  is  in  the  Middle  Park,  in  a  rich  mining  section  110 
miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Denver,  and  41  miles  N.  of  Lead- 
ville.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  and 
several  ore-mills.  Mining  and  milling  ores  is  the  principal 
occupation.     Pop.  714. 

Breckenrioge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sangamon  co.,  111., 
on  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Spring- 
field.    It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Breckenridge,  a  village  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Franklin  township,  14  miles  W.  of  New  Albany.  It  has  a 
church,  2  stores,  and  a  wooden-shoe  factory. 

Breckenridge,  a  post-village  of  Gratiot  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Wheeler  township,  on  the  Saginaw  Valley  &  St.  Louis  Rail- 
road, 28  miles  W.  of  East  Saginaw.  It  has  1  or  2  lumber- 
mills  and  2  churches.     Pop.  about  200. 

Breckenridge,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wilkin  co., 
Minn.,  the  head  of  navigation  on  the  Red  River  of  the 
North,  at  the  point  where  it  first  touches  the  west  boundary 
of  the  state,  and  at  the  mouth  of  the  Bois  des  Sioux  River. 
Steamboats  ascend  the  Red  River  to  this  place.  Elevation, 
953  feet.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  public  schools,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  railroad  repair  shops.  Pop.  about  1000. 
About  300  flat-boats  are  built  here  every  season  to  transport 
goods  to  Winnipeg. 

.  Breckenridge,  a  post-village  of  Caldwell  co.,  Mo.,  in 
Breckenridge  township,  on  the  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  Rail- 
road, 61  miles  E.  of  St.  Joseph,  and  15  miles  W.  of  Chilli- 
oothe.  It  has  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  5  churches,  2 
furniture-factories,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  school-house  which 
cost  $20,000.     Pop.  about  1100  ;  of  the  township,  1336. 

Breckenridge,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Western  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  23  miles  N.E. of  Alleghany. 

Breckenridge,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Stephens  co., 
Tex.,  100  miles  W.  of  Fort  Worth.  It  was  laid  out  in 
1876.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  an  academy,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  800. 

Breckerfeld,  brfik'k§r-f51t%  a  town  of  Prussia,  West- 
phalia, 14*  miles  E.  of  Elberfeld.     Pop.  1661. 

Breckin'ioc  Mere,  Llangorse  (Lan'gors')  Lake, 
or  Llyn  Safaddu,  Lin  sA-llTH'e,  a  lake  of  the  co.  of 
Brecon,  one  of  the  largest  lakes  in  Wales.  Interesting  re- 
mains of  lake-dwellings  have  been  discovered  here,  and  an 
old  tradition  says  that  a  town  is  buried  under  its  waters. 
It  is  2  miles  long  and  1  mile  broad. 

Breck'nock,  a  township  of  Berks  co..  Pa.     Pop.  813. 

Brecknock,  a  township  of  Lancaster  CO.,  Pa.  Pop.  1600. 

Brecknock  Beacon,  Wales.    See  Vana. 

Brecks'ville,  or  Bricks'ville,  a  post-village  of  Cuya- 
hoga CO.,  0.,  in  Brecksville  township,  15  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Cleveland,  and  2  miles  W.  of  the  Cuyahoga  Valley  Railroad. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  2  steam  saw-mills,  and  2 
cheese-factories.     Pop.  about  300  ;  of  the  township,  1007. 

Breck'vilie,  a  hamlet  of  Madison  co..  Miss.,  4  miles 
from  the  Mississippi  Central  Railroad.  It  has  a  church,  a 
grist-mill,  and  a  store. 

Brec'on,  Breck'nock,  or  Breck'nockshire,  an 
inland  county  of  South  Wales,  enclosed  by  the  counties  of 
Cardigan,  Radnor,  Carmarthen,  Glamorgan,  Monmouth,  and 
Hereford,  Area,  719  square  miles.  The  surface  is  moun- 
tainous. The  Wye  forms  all  the  northern  boundary ;  the 
other  rivers,  the  Usk  and  its  affluents,  water  many  small 
but  fertile  valleys.  The  principal  products  are  oats,  barley, 
wheat,  wool,  butter,  cheese,  and  cattle.  The  breed  of  sheep 
is  small,  but  of  excellent  quality.  Principal  towns,  Brecon, 
Crickhowell,  and  Builth.  The  Welsh  language  is  used  in 
parts  of  the  county.  Pop.  57,746. 
.  Brec'on,  Breck'nock,  or  Ab'er-Hon'dey,  a 
borough  of  Wales,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Brecon,  on  the  Usk, 
at  the  junction  of  three  railways,  14  miles  S.  of  Builth.  It 
has  a  picturesque  site  and  many  well-built  houses,  a  colle- 
giate church,  the  old  castle,  an  arsenal,  a  collegiate  school, 
and  an  academy.  Its  public  promenades  are  noted  for  their 
beauty.  Brecon  has  a  brisk  general  trade,  but  no  manufac- 
tories of  importance.  It  sends  one  member  to  the  House  of 
Commons.     Pop,  5845 


Breda,  bri-dS,',  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  province  of 
Brabant,  in  a  wide  marsh,  on  the  Merk,  at  a  railway  junc- 
tion, 24  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bois-le-Duc.  Its  defences  are 
capable  of  being  increased  by  flooding  the  surrounding 
country.  The  town  is  regularly  and  well  built,  and  has 
ramparts  planted  with  trees.  It  contains  a  citadel,  rebuilt 
by  AVilliam  III.  of  England,  a  town  hall,  a  court-house,  an 
arsenal,  a  magnetic  observatory,  a  Latin  school,  and  manu- 
factories of  woollen  and  linen  fabrics  and  of  musical  instru- 
ments. It  is  a  Catholic  bishop's  see.  It  was  taken  by  Prince 
Maurice  of  Nassau  in  1590,  by  the  Spaniards  under  Spinola 
in  1625,  and  by  the  French  in  1793,  and  is  celebrated  for  the 
association  of  nobles  formed  in  1566,  under  the  name  of 
"  the  Compromise  of  Breda,"  and  for  the  congresses  of  1667 
and  1746.     Pop.  14,675. 

Bre'da,  a  post-town  of  Carroll  co.,  Iowa,  11  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Carroll.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
a  money-order  post-office,  and  several  stores  and  other 
business  concerns.     Pop.  about  500. 

Bredevoort,  briM^h-vont',  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
province  of  Gelderland,  on  the  Bredevoorter-Aa,  in  a  marshy 
district,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Arnhem.     Pop.  1025. 

Bre'dinsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Venango  co..  Pa.,  In. 
Cranberry  township,  1  mile  from  Reno,  and  near  the  Allet- 
ghany  River.     It  has  a  church.     Petroleum  is  found  here. 

Bredons,  br?h-d6N°',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Cantal,  li  miles  S.W.  of  Murat.     Pop.  1002. 

Bredslawa,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Lundenburg. 

Bredstedt,  brSt'stStt,  a  village  of  Sleswick,  near  thtt 
North  Sea,  and  24  miles  W.S.W.  of  Flensborg.     Pop.  2133. 

Bree,  bri,  a  town  of  Belgium,  province  of  Limbourg, 
18  miles  W.  of  Roermond.     Pop.  2120. 

Breede,  bri'd^h  or  breed,  a  river  of  South  Africa,  in 
Cape  Colony,  rises  about  !at.  33°  10'  S.and  Ion.  19°  30'  E., 
and,  after  a  southeastward  course,  enters  the  sea  at  Port  Beau- 
fort. It  is  the  deepest  and  one  of  the  largest  rivers  of  the 
colony ;  but  its  navigation  is  impeded  by  a  bar  at  its  mouth. 

Breed'ings,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adair  co.,  Ky.,  about  30 
miles  E.  of  Glasgow.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
lumber-mill. 

Breed's,  a  post-village  of  Fulton  co..  111.,  in  Orion 
township,  on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  <fc  Warsaw  Railroad,  23  miles 
S.W.  of  Peoria.     Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  about  150. 

Breeds'ville,  a  post-village  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich., 
in  Columbia  township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Michigan  Lake 
Shore  Railroad,  15  miles  E.  of  South  Haven,  and  4  miles 
S.W.  of  Grand  Junction.  It  has  a  church,  a  union  school, 
2  tanneries,  a  flouring-mill,  2  saw-mills,  fruit  evaporators, 
cider-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  about  300. 

Breese,  a  post- village  of  Clinton  co..  111.,  on  the  Ohio 
&  Mississippi  Railroad,  and  near  Shoal  Creek,  39  miles  E, 
of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  It  has  2  churches,  2  flouring-mills,  a 
fruit-drying  factory,  2  coal-mines,  and  manufactures  of 
cigars,  Ac.     Pop.  about  900. 

Brees'port,  a  post-village  of  Chemung  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Newtown  Creek,  and  on  the  Utica,  Ithaca  A  Elmira  Railroad, 
10  miles  N.E.  of  Elmira.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufao- 
tures  of  cheese,  flour,  leather,  woollen  goods,  Ac. 

Breeze  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Lorain  co.,  0. 

Bregaglia,  Switzerland.    See  Val  Bregaglia. 

Bregan^on,  br§h-g6N°^s6N»',  a  fortified  islet  of  France> 
in  Var,  20  miles  E.  of  Toulon,  in  the  Bay  of  Hy^res. 

Bregello,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Brescello. 

Bregenz,  or  Bregentz,  bri'ghJnts  (anc.  Brigan'tium 
or  Brigan'tia),  a  frontier  town  of  Austria,  Tyrol,  capital  of 
Vorarlberg,  at  the  eastern  extremity  of  the  Lake  of  Con- 
stance, and  on  a  railway,  80  miles  W.N.W.  of  Innspruck. 
It  has  some  manufactures,  and  an  active  trade.     Pop.  3686, 

Brehal ,  brd^il',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Manche^ 
12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Coutances.     Pop.  1538. 

Bre'har,  or  Bry'her,  one  of  the  Scilly  Islands,  co.  of 
Cornwall,  England,  30  miles  W.  of  Land's  End.     Pop.  104i 

Brehat,  bri'i',  an  island  of  France,  in  the  English 
Channel,  ofi"  the  coast  of  Bretagne,  4  miles  N.  of  PaimpoL 
It  has  a  light-house.     Pop.  1212. 

Brehna,  bri'nl,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  of  Saxony. 
12  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Halle.     Pop.  2166. 

Breil,  hrkX  (Ital.  Breglio,  bril'yo),  a  town  of  France!, 
in  Alpes-Maritimes,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Nice.     Pop.  2595. 

Breinigsville,  bri'nlgs-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lehigh 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Catasauqua  A  Fogelsville  Railroad,  14  miles 
S.W.  of  Catasauqua ;  has  a  coach-factory  and  an  iron-mine. 

Breisach,  or  Alt-Breisach,  ilt-bri-zlK'  (Fr.  Bri- 
each,  bree^zik'),  a  town  of  Germany,  duchy  of  Baden,  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  Rhine,  immediately  opposite  Neiu 
Breisach.     It  has  a  handsome  cathedral.  •  Pop.  2355. 

Breisgan,  brice'gow,  an  old  division  of  Germany,  in 


BRE 


704 


BBS 


the  S.W.  of  Swabia.  It  was  long  hold  by  the  CounU  of 
Braisaoh,  and  was  afterwards  united  to  the  dominions  of 
Austria.  It  was  ceded  in  1806  chicUy  to  Baden,  with  small 
portions  to  Switserland  and  WUrtemborg. 

Breitcnbach,  or  Gross  Brcitenbach,  grSce  brl'- 
t^n-biK",  a  town   of  Germany,  in   Schwarsburg-Sonders- 
bausen,  2;!  miles  N.  of  Coburg.     Pop.  2613. 
,     Brcitcnbach,  a  village  of  Prussia.     Pop.  851. 

Brcitcnbach)  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  14) 
miles  N.  of  Soleure.     Pop.  610. 

Brcitenbach, a  village  of  Alsaoe  (Elsass-Lothringen), 
8  miles  N.  from  Weilor.     Pop.  1269. 

Breitcnfeld)  bri't^n-fdlt^  a  village  of  Saxony,  4  miles 
N.  of  Leipsic,  remarkable  for  two  battles  gained  by  the 
Swedes  during  the  Thirty  Years'  War;  the  first,  September 
7,  1631 ;  the  other,  November  2,  1642.     Pop.  209. 

BrcjOf  brd'zh6,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  and  210  miles 
S.W.  of  Maranhao  (SSo  Luiz).     Pop.  3000. 

Brellington,  a  town  of  England.    See  Bridlinoton. 

Brcinbio,  brim'bee^o,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Milan,  9  miles  S.E.  by  S.  of  Lodi.     Pop.  2981. 

Breinbo,  brfiui'bo,  a  river  of  Northern  Italy,  rises  in  a 
series  of  lakes,  between  the  province  of  Bergamo  and  the 
Valtelline,  flows  S.,  and  joins  the  Adda  on  the  right. 

Bremen,  brflm'?n  (Oer.  pron.  br4'm?n ;  Fr,  Brime, 
braim  or  brim;  L.  Dre'ma),  one  of  the  free  cities  or  Ilanse 
towns  of  Germany,  on  both  banks  of  the  Wescr,  69  miles 
S.W.  of  Hamburg.  Lat.  63°  4'  36"  N.;  Ion.  8°  48'  64"  E. 
It  is  at  the  junction  of  several  railways.  The  city  is  divided 
by  the  river  into  the  old  town  on  the  right  and  the  new 
town  on  the  left  bank.  In  the  former,  the  older  streets  are 
often  narrow  and  crooked,  and  the  houses  are  decorated  in 
the  style  of  the  Middle  Ages.  The  river  is  crossed  by  an 
old  and  a  new  bridge ;  the  quays  are  extensive,  and  the 
ramparts  form  agreeable  promenades.  The  principal  build- 
ings are  St.  Peter's  churcn,  or  the  Bom  Kirche,  the  church 
of  St.  Ansgarius,  a  town  hall,  an  old  Gothic  building,  the  ob- 
servatory of  Olbers,  a  museum,  a  high  school,  a  gymnasium, 
a  school  of  commerce  and  navigation,  a  school  of  design,  and 
a  public  library.  Bremen  has  an  extensive  foreign  trade 
(especially  with  North  America),  much  of  which  is  conducted 
at  the  ports  of  Bremerhaven  and  Vegesack.  Bremen  is  a 
principal  port  for  the  shipment  of  emigrants,  and  is  one 
of  the  greatest  tobacco-markets  in  the  world ;  it  imports 
also  much  petroleum.  It  is  the  headquarters  of  the  North 
German  Lloyds  steamship  lines.  Chief  exports,  linen  and 
woollen  goods,  dried  fruit,  rags,  grain,  oak  bark,  glass,  and 
provisions.  The  chief  industry  of  Bremen  consists  in  ship- 
building, and  manufactures  of  woollens  and  cottons,  paper, 
starch,  colors,  and  cigars ;  it  has  also  extensive  sugar-re- 
fineries, beer-breweries,  and  distilleries.     It  is  a  free  port. 

Bremen  first  rose  into  note  about  the  year  788,  when  it 
was  made  a  bishopric  by  Charlemagne.  Subsequently  it 
was  elevated  to  the  dignity  of  an  archbishopric,  which, 
at  the  treaty  of  Westphalia,  in  1648,  was  secularized  in  favor 
of  Sweden.  After  various  political  changes,  the  city  was 
taken  by  the  French  in  1806.  In  1815  it  was  restored  to 
its  old  franchises  by  the  Congress  of  Vienna.  Pop.  in  1880, 
112,158;  in  1890,  124,940. 

The  republic  op  Bremen  now  forms  an  integral  part  of 
the  German  empire.  Area,  97  square  miles.  It  consists 
principally  of  a  level  sandy  tract  surrounding  the  city  of 
13remen,  and  divided  by  the  river  Weser,  the  towns  of  Bre- 
merhaven and  Vegesack  occupying  each  a  small  detached 
territory.  The  republic  of  Bremen,  with  the  exception  of 
the  Freeport  and  Bremerhaven,  belongs  since  1888  to  the 
ZoUverein,  the  empire  paying  12,000,000  marks  for  it.  It 
sends  a  representative  to  the  imperial  diet,  and  has  a  vote  in 
the  federal  council.  Capital,  Bremen.  Pop.  in  1876, 142,200, 
chiefly  Protestants;  in  1880,  156,723;  in  1890,  180,309. 

Bremen,  Buchy  op  (Ger.  Herzoglhum  Bremen,  hdRt'- 
sdo-toom  br&'m^n),  an  old  duchy  of  Germany,  in  the  circle 
of  Lower  Saxony.  In  1719  it  was  sold  to  the  Duke  of 
Branswick.  Chief  towns,  Verden  and  Stade.  The  town  of 
Bremen  was  not  comprised  in  it :  it  now  belongs  to  Prussia, 
and  forms  part  of  the  province  of  Hanover. 

Bre'men,  a  post-village  of  Haralson  co.,  Ga.,  64  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  and 
schools  for  white  and  colored.     Pop.  300. 

Bremen,  a  post-village  of  Randolph  oo..  111.,  10  miles 
K.£.  of  Chester.  It  has  2  churches,  a  drug-store,  and  2 
other  stores. 

Bremen,  apost-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Ind.,  on  Yellow 
River,  89  miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  from  Chicago.  It  has  several 
eburches,  a  woollen-mill,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  fur- 
niture, ko. 

Bremen,  a  post-village  of  Muhlenburg  co.,  Ey.,  about 


56  miles  N.W.  of  Bowling  Green.  It  is  5  miles  W.  by  N. 
from  South  Currollton  Railroad  Station,  and  has  3  churches 
and  2  public  schools.     Pop.  about  300. 

Bremen,  a  township  of  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  36  miles  S.S.B. 
of  Augusta,  on  Muscongus  Cove  and  Broad  Buy  Sound.  Its 
people  are  engaged  in  maritime  pursuits.     Pop.  797. 

Bremen,  a  former  village  or  St.  Louis  co,.  Mo.,  on  the 
Mississippi,  4  miles  above  St.  Louis,  of  which  city  it  now 
forms  a  part. 

Bremen,  Auglaize  eo.,  0.    See  New  Brkmer. 

Bremen,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.,  in  Rush 
Creek  township,  on  Rush  Creek,  and  on  the  CincinDiiti  A 
Muskingum  Valley  Railroad,  38  miles  S.W.  of  Zancsvillc, 
and  10  miles  E.  of  Lancaster.    It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  206. 

Bre'mer,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an 
area  of  432  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Cedar 
and  Wapsipinicon  Rivers.  The  Shell  Rock  River  touches 
the  S.W.  part  of  it.  The  surface  is  undulating  ;  the  soil  is 
fertile.  A  large  proportion  of  it  i.s  prairie.  Wheat,  Indian 
corn,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  trav- 
erfcd  by  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul  &  Kansas  City,  the  Burling- 
ton, Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern,  and  a  division  of  the  Illinois 
Central  Railroads,  which  pass  through  Waverlv,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  12,628;  in  1880,  14,081  ;  in  1890,  14,631). 

Bremer,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bremer  co.,  Iowa,  22  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Waverly. 

Bremerhaven,  bri'm^r-hi'f^n,  a  town  of  Germany, 
34  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  the  city  of  Bremen,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  estuary  of  the  Weser,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Gecste,  in  a  small  detached  part  of  the  territory  of  Bremen. 
This  thriving  port,  built  by  Bremen  in  1830  for  the  accom- 
modation of  large  vessels  connected  with  its  trade,  has  an 
outer  harbor,  a  dock,  and  an  inner  harbor,  great  wet-  and 
dry-docks,  and  a  hospitium  for  emigrants.  The  difl'crenee 
between  the  lowest  ebb  and  the  highest  flood  is  26  feet,  but 
the  average  rise  does  not  exceed  10  feet.     Pop.  12,129. 

Bremerlehe,  bri'm?r-li*?h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  prov- 
ince of  Hanover,  36  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Stade.     Pop.  6U80. 

Bremervorde,  bri'm(jr-foRM<jh,  a  village  of  Prussia, 
in  Hanover,  on  the  Oste,  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bremen.  It 
has  distilleries,  paper-  and  leather-manufactories,  and  an 
active  commerce  by  canals.     Pop.  2903. 

Bremgarten,  brfim'gaR^^n,  a  town  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  2  miles  N.  of  I3ern.     Pop.  1088. 

Bremgarten,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Aargau. 
on  the  Reuss,  14J  miles  E.S.E.  of  Aarau.     Pop.  1628. 

Bremgarten,  a  village  of  Baden,  12  miles  S.W.  of 
Freiburg.     Pop.  592. 

Brc'mo  Bluff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fluvanna  co.,  Ya.,  on 
the  James  River,  25  miles  S,  of  Charlottesville.  It  has  a 
grist-mill. 

Bre^mond',  a  post-village  of  Robertson  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  Houston  &,  Texas  Central  Railroad,  143  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Houston,  and  123  miles  S.  of  Dallas.  It  is  the  south- 
eastern terminus  of  the  Waco  Branch  Railroad.  It  has  6 
churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  high  school. 

Brenditz,  brfin'dits,  a  village  of  Moravia,  2  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Znaim.     Pop.  640. 

Brendola,  brfin'do-li,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  6 
miles  S.W.  of  Vicenza.     Pop.  3147. 

Brcneau,  a  river  of  Idaho.    See  Bruneau. 

Bren'ford,apost-hamletof  Kent  CO.,  Del.,  with  a  station 
on  the  Delaware  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Dover. 

Breng,  a  valley  of  Cashmere.    See  Bureng. 

Brenham,  bren'am,  apost-town,  capital  of  Washington 
CO.,  Tex.,  on  the  Austin  Branch  of  the  Houston  <fc  Texas 
Central  Railroad,  93  miles  E.  of  Austin,  and  72  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Houston.  It  has  8  churches,  the  Live-Oak  Fe- 
male Seminary,  an  opera-house,  3  banks,  a  foundry,  several 
carriage-shops,  and  a  planing-mill.  A  daily  and  2  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.  About  25,000  bales  of  cot- 
ton are  received  here  annually.     Pop.  in  1890,  5209. 

Brenne,  brfinn,  a  river  of  France,  in  C6te-d'0r,  joins 
the  Arraan^on  on  the  right  near  St.-Remy. 

Brenner,  brfin'n^r,  a  mountain  of  Austria,  one  of  the 
culminating  points  of  the  Tyrol,  between  the  Inn,  the  Aicha, 
and  the  Adige.     Elevation,  6788  feet. 

Brenner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Doniphan  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Atchison  &  Nebraska  Railroad,  13  miles  N.of  Atchison. 

Brenner,  a  post-office  of  Lyon  co.,  Minn. 

Breno,  bri'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  35  miles 
N.E.  of  Bergamo,  on  the  Oglio.  In  its  vicinity  are  extensive 
stalactite  grottos.     Pop.  3133, 

Brent,  brfint,  a  river  of  England,  cos.  of  Herts  and 
Middlesex,  enters  the  Thames  at  Brentford. 

Brent,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Somerset,  enters  the 
Bristol  Channel  near  Bridgewater. 


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Breilta,br5n't3,  (anc.  Medo'acus  or  Medu'acus  Ma'jor), 
B.  navigable  river  which  rises  in  the  Tyrol,  and  traverses 
Lombardy,  passing  Bassano,  feeds  the  Canal  of  Brentelle, 
supplies  the  Brenta  Morta  Canal,  called,  in  its  lower  course, 
Brcnta  Magra,  and,  under  the  name  of  Brenta  Nova  or 
Brentone,  feeds  the  Bacchiglione  and  several  canals,  and 
enters  the  Adriatic  at  Brondolo.     Length,  90  miles. 

Brent'ford,  a  town  of  England,  and  the  nominal  cap- 
ital of  the  CO.  of  Middlesex,  on  the  Thames,  here  crossed 
by  a  bridge  leading  to  Kew,  and  on  two  railways,  7i  miles 
W.  of  London.  The  river  Brent  divides  the  town  into  Old 
and  New  Brentford,  Here  are  great  water-works  (for  Lon- 
don) with  a  stand-pipe  226  feet  high.  The  town  has  some 
trade,  and  is  the  seat  of  varied  manufactures.    Pop.  11,091. 

Bren'ton,  a  township  of  Ford  co.,  111.  Pop.  1073.  It 
contains  Piper  City. 

Bren'ton  Bay,  an  inlet  on  the  N.  coast  of  Melville 
Island,  Australia,  between  Smoky  Point  and  Point  Byng. 

Brentonico,  brgn-to-ne'ko,  a  village  of  Austria,  Tyrol, 
|5J  miles  S.W.  of  Roveredo,  on  the  N.  slope  of  Monte  Baldo, 
with  quarries  of  marble.     Pop.  of  commune,  4025. 

Brents'ville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Prince  William 
CO.,  Va.,  on  Occoquan  Creek,  about  35  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Washington,  D.C.    It  has  a  church,  a  court-house,  a  jail,  &c. 

Breut'wood,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Essex,  on  a 
railway,  17  miles  E.N.E.  of  London.     Pop.  3737. 

Brent'wood,  a  post-village  of  Contra  Costa  co.,  Cal., 
85  miles  direct  or  63  miles  by  rail  E.  of  San  Francisco. 
Jt  has  2  churches.     Pop.  250. 

Brentwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVayne  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 

aeon  <fc  Brunswick  Railroad,  55  miles  N.W.  of  Brunswick. 

Brentwood,  a  post- township  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.H., 
about  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Portsmouth.     Pop.  895. 

Brentwood,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Long  Island  Railroad,  42  miles  E.  of  Brooklyn.  It  has  a 
church,  2  nurseries,  and  about  40  houses.  Pop.  200. 
.  Brentwood,  a  post-village  of  Williamson  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Louisville  &  Great  Southern  Railroad,  12  miles  S. 
of  Nashville.     It  has  a  woollen-mill. 

Brent'wood,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co,,  Ontario,  IJ 
miles  from  New  Lowell.     Pop.  200. 

Brenz,  brfints,  a  town  of  WUrtemberg,  10  miles  S.E. 
of  Heidenheim,  on  the  Brenz.     Pop.  843. 

Brescello,  bri-shSl'lo,  or  Bregello,  bri-jfil'lo  (anc. 
Brixel'lum),  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Emilia,  province  and  18 
miles  N.W.  of  Beggio,  on  the  Po.     Pop.  4852. 

Brescia,  brfeh'e-a  or  brSsh'i  (anc.  Brix'ia),  a  city  of 
Italy,  capital  of  the  province  of  Brescia,  60  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Milan,  on  the  Garza,  at  a  railway  junction.  It  is  handsome, 
flourishing,  and  enclosed  by  ramparts,  now  dismantled.  Prin- 
cipal buildings,  the  new  cathedral,  entirely  of  marble,  begun 
in  1604,  the  old  cathedral,  and  a  baptistery,  both  very  old 
Btructures,  numerous  cliurchea,  richly  adorned  with  works 
of  art,  the  bishop's  palace,  hall  of  justice,  on  the  site  of  an 
ancient  temple,  a  large  theatre,  the  Broletto,  or  old  palace, 
and  several  private  palaces,  with  numerous  fountains,  and  re- 
mains of  antiquity.  In  a  Roman  edifice,  excavated  in  1822, 
a  fine  museum  of  antiquities  has  been  deposited.  It  has  a 
public  library  with  a  collection  of  rare  MSS.,  a  college, 
an  athenajum,  and  many  endowed  charitable  establishments. 
The  arms  and  cutlery  made  here  are  renowned,  and  have 
long  been  considered  the  best  in  Italy.  Brescia  has  also 
manufactures  of  silk,  woollen,  and  linen  fabrics,  paper,  and 
leather.  Near  it  are  large  iron-works  and  oil-mills ;  and 
its  wine  enjoys  repute. 

Brescia  was  the  seat  of  a  school  of  painting  of  great 
merit,  to  which  many  eminent  artists  belonged.  The  city 
is  of  great  antiquity,  having  been  the  chief  town  of  the 
Cenomani,  a  Gallic  tribe,  and  in  mediaeval  and  modern  his- 
tory it  figures  prominently.     Pop.  in  1881,  43,354. 

Brescia,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  having  the 
Tyrol  on  the  N.  and  the  Lago  di  Garda  on  the  E.  Area, 
1784  square  miles.     Capital,  Brescia.     Pop.  456,023. 

Brescou,  brSs^koo'  (anc.  Blas'con),  a  small  island  of 
France,  department  of  Herault,  near  the  town  of  Agde, 
with  a  port,  and  a  small  fort,  15  miles  W.S.W,  of  Cette. 
t    Br6sil,  the  French  for  Brazil. 

Breskens,  brfis'kens,  or  Bresjes,  brSs'ySs,  a  village 
iof  the  Netherlands,  province  of  Zealand,  5J^  miles  S.  of 
Middelburg.  on  the  West  Scheldt.     Pop.  1491. 

Breslau,brfis'lawor  brSs'low  (L,  Bratiala'vja),  ■wriiten 
also  Breslaw,  a  city  of  Prussia,  capital  of  the  province 
iof  Silesia,  on  the  Oder,  at  the  junction  of  numerous  rail- 
Ways,  190  miles  S.E.  of  Berlin.  Lat.  51°  6'  57"  N. ;  Ion. 
17°  2'  33"  E.  It  is  divided  by  the  Oder  into  the  old  and  the 
new  town,  surrounded  by  planted  walks,  and  united  by  nu- 
merous bridges.     It  has  many  lino  squares  and  good  public 


edifices;  the  latter  comprise  the  cathedral,  founded  in  the 
twelfth  century,  St.  Elizabeth's  church,  with  a  spire  364 
feet  in  elevation,  several  other  churches  richly  ornamented, 
the  old  town  house,  built  in  the  fourteenth  century,  the 
governor's  house,  bishop's  palace,  mint,  exchange,  barracks, 
and  university  buildings.  In  one  of  the  squares  is  a  colos- 
sal bronze  statue  of  Bliicher.  The  university,  transferred 
hither  from  Frankfort-on-the-Oder  in  1811,  has  a  library 
of  300,000  printed  volumes  and  2300  manuscripts.  Breslau 
has  other  libraries,  4  gymnasia,  an  astronomical  and  a  mag- 
netic observatory,  a  botanic  garden,  schools  of  industry, 
of  surgery,  of  architecture,  and  of  arts,  Roman  Catholic 
and  Protestant  colleges,  and  numerous  charitable  establish- 
ments. It  is  the  great  emporium  for  the  linens  of  Silesia, 
for  which  it  has  four  annual  fairs  of  eight  days  each,  and  the 
greatest  mart  for  wool  in  Germany.  It  has  manufactures 
of  linen,  woollen,  cotton,  and  silk  fabrics,  spirits,  lace,  nee- 
dles, plate,  jewelry,  earthenware,  colors,  soap,  alum,  starch, 
snuff,  and  sealing-wax ;  and  an  extensive  trade  in  mining 
produce,  timber,  flax,  hemp,  madder,  wool,  corn,  and  oxen, 
and  in  Hungarian  wines  and  other  merchandise.  It  has  an 
active  trade  on  the  Oder  and  by  railway.  Except  Berlin 
and  Hamburg,  it  is  the  largest  city  in  the  German  Empire, 
Pop.  in  1811,  63,237;  in  1875,  239,150;  in  1885,  299,040. 

Breslau,  br§s'low,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Southside  Railroad,  33  miles  from  Brooklyn.  It  is 
in  Babylon  township,  and  is  handsomely  laid  out.  Pop, 
1200,  mainly  Germans. 

Bre;Slau,  brfis'low,  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  co.,  On- 
tario, 4  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Berlin.     Pop.  200. 

Bresle,  brail,  a  small  river  of  France,  between  the  de- 
partments of  Somme  and  Seine-Inferieure,  enters  the  English 
Channel  at  Le  Treport.     Length,  35  miles. 

Bresles,  brail,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Oise, 
10  miles  E.  of  Beauvais.     Pop.  357. 

Bressa,  brSs'sa,  or  Bressay,br5s'si,  one  of  the  Shet- 
land Islands,  E.  of  Mainland,  from  which  it  is  separated  by 
Bressay  Sound.  Lerwick  is  supplied  with  peat,  and  the 
whole  of  Shetland  with  slates,  from  this  island.     Pop.  878. 

Bressanone,  the  Italian  for  Brixen. 

Bresse,  brSss,  an  old  division  of  France,  in  Burgundy 
(capital,  Bourg),  now  comprised  in  the  department  of  Ain, 
It  was  obtained  by  exchange  from  Savoy  in  1601, 

Brcssuire,  brSs^sween',  a  town  of  France,  in  Deux- 
Sevres,  at  a  railway  junction,  35  miles  N.  of  Niort,   P.  3286. 

Brest  (L.  Brea'tum  ;  Fr.  pron.  the  same  as  the  English), 
a  city  of  France,  department  of  Finistere,  about  40  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Quimpcr,  and  389  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Paris,  on 
the  N.  shore  of  a  small  gulf  called  the  Road  of  Brest,  Lat, 
(of  observatory)  48°  23'  32"  N. ;  Ion.  4°  29'  25"  W.  It  is 
a  fortified  city  of  the  first  class.  It  is  encircled  by  ramparts 
which,  being  planted  with  trees,  form  agreeable  promenades, 
and  afford  a  fine  view  of  the  harbor  and  shipping.  From 
its  natural  advantages,  the  extent  of  its  various  establish- 
ments, and  its  means  of  defence,  Brest  is  one  of  the  first 
naval  ports  of  Europe.  The  outer  road  is  one  of  the  finest 
in  the  world,  and  has  no  superior  in  the  safety  and  excel- 
lence of  its  anchorage.  It  communicates  with  the  sea  by  a 
single  passage,  called  the  Goulet,  1750  yards  broad.  In  the 
middle  of  this  channel  rise  the  Mingan  Rocks,  which  contract 
the  entrance  and  oblige  ships  to  pass  immediately  under 
the  batteries.  From  this  entrance  to  the  mouth  of  the  Elon 
the  roadstead  is  about  6  miles  in  length.  Its  diameter  varies 
considerably,  from  the  irregularity  of  the  shores,  but  in 
some  places  it  is  3  miles.  Its  inner  harbor  is  one  of  the 
most  .lecure  in  Europe.  It  has  large  basins,  extensive  quays, 
arsenals,  vast  magazines,  building-yards,  large  barracks  and 
storehouses.  The  city,  built  on  the  slopes  of  hills,  is  divided 
by  the  port  into  two  parts,  which  communicate  by  a  fine 
bridge;  that  on  the  right  is  called  Recouvrance,  The  upper 
and  lower  parts  of  the  town  are  connected  by  steep  streets, 
and  in  some  places  only  by  stairs.  Brest  has  important  edu- 
cational establishments,  a  medical  school,  a  naval  school, 
a  college,  a  school  of  hydrography,  a  public  library,  a  bo- 
tanic garden,  and  an  observatory.  The  port  has  little  trade, 
and  its  manufactures,  outside  the  arsenals,  are  not  large. 
The  merchant-shipping  is  small  in  extent.  A  telegraph 
cable  extends  hence  to  Duxbury,  Mass.  Richelieu  was  the 
first  to  take  advantage  of  the  natural  capabilities  of  the 
port  for  a  naval  station,  and  in  1631  commenced  the  fortifl 
cations.     Pop.  in  1876,  66,828;  in  1886,  70,778. 

Brest,  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  co,,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Erie 
(Brest  Bay),  5  miles  E.  of  Monroe.  It  is  the  seat  of  an  im- 
portant fishery,  and  has  an  excellent  harbor  and  a  steam 
saw-mill.     It  was  formerly  a  place  of  great  promise. 

Brest-Litovsk,  brfist-lce'tovsk'  (Polish,  Brzesc  oi 
Brzest,  bzbists),  formerly  Berestie,  and  Berestoff 


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BKt 


town  of  Riusian  Poland,  131  mile*  S.  of  Grodno,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  navigable  river*  Mukhovots  und  liug,  and  of 
Mvoral  railways.  It  is  the  seat  of  an  Armenian  bishop,  and 
has  a  great  trade  by  river,  canal,  and  railway.    Pup.  37,981. 

Bruszno  Ilanyn,  a  town  of  Hungary.    Sue  Bkiks. 

UresztovacZf  brjsUoW&ts',  a  town  of  Hungary,  oo.  of 
B4c8,  U  miles  E.S.K.  of  Apatin.     Pop.  3760. 

llrctagne,  brvh-t&ii'  or  brit'^n  (in  English,  Brittany, 
brit'h^-ne,  and  sometimes  Little  Britain :  see  Gkp.at  Ukit- 
AIN),  an  old  province  in  the  N.AV.  of  France,  forming  an 
extensive  peninsula  between  the  English  Channel  and  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  now  comprised  in  the  departments  of  Finis- 
tiro,  CAtes-du-Nord,  Murbihan,  and  Loiro-Int'6ricure.  It 
was  divided  into  llauto-Bretagne,  the  capital  of  which  was 
Rennes,  and  Basse-Bretagne,  capital,  Vannes.  Its  people 
are  largely  Celts,  of  the  Cymric  branch,  and  very  generally 
sponk  the  Armorican  language,  which  resembles  the  Welsh. 
It  long  preserved  its  sovereigns,  who  bore,  successively,  the 
titles  of  kings,  counts,  and  dukes.  It  wns  united  to  France 
by  the  marriage  of  Charles  VIII.  with  Anne,  daughter  of 

the  lost  duke,  Francis  II.,  in  1491. Adj.  and   inhab. 

Bretox,  brit'un. 

liretenoux,  br4t-noo',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Lot,  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Figeae,  on  the  Ciire.     Pop.  922. 

Ilrcteuil)  br^h'tul',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Eure,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Evreux,  on  the  Iton.     Pop.  2942. 

Breteuil,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Oise,  on  a 
railway,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bcauvais.     Pop.  2802. 

llr^tigny,  bri^teen^yee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Eure- 
et-Loir,  6  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Chartres.     Pop.  127. 

Bre'ton,  a  township  of  Washington  co..  Mo.  Pop. 
2396.     It  includes  Potosi. 

Breton  (brit'tpn)  Bay,  West  Australia,  18  miles  N. 
of  Perth.     The  river  Garban  discharges  itself  into  the  bay. 

Breton,  Cape.    See  Cape  Bretox. 

Bretten,  brlt't?n,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Baden,  13 
miles  E.  of  Carlsruhe.     Pop.  3433. 

Brctt'land  (post-office  and  station,  Lick  Run),  a  min- 
ing village  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  in  York  township,  on  the  Co- 
lumbus <t  Hocking  Valley  Railroad,  28  miles  S.E.  of  Lan- 
caster.    Here  are  2  coal-mines. 

Bretz'ville,  a  post-hamlet  and  railroad  station  of 
Dubois  CO.,  Ind.,  in  Jackson  township,  4  miles  E.  of  Ilunt- 
ingburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Breukelen,  bro'kil-^n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Utrecht,  on  the  Vecht,  and  on  the  Am- 
sterdam A  Arnhem  Railway.  Pop.  1833.  Brooklyn,  N.Y., 
was  first  named  Breukelen,  in  commemoration  of  this  place. 

Bre^vard',  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Florida,  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the  S.W. 
partly  by  Lake  Okechobee.  The  surface  is  level,  low,  and 
partly  occupied  by  swamps,  in  which  the  cypress-tree 
flourishes.  The  soil  is  mostly  sandy.  Many  cattle  are 
reared  in  this  county.  The  extreme  N.  is  traversed  by  the 
Jacksonville,  Tampa  <t  Key  West  Railroad.  Capital,  Titus- 
ville.     Pop.  in  1870,  1216;  in  1880,  1478;  in  1890,  3401. 

Brevard,  a  hamlet  in  Gaston  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  Carolina 
Central  Railroad,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Charlotte.  There  are 
cotton-mills  in  the  vicinity,  also  2  churches.  Here  is 
Stanley's  Creek  Post-Offioe. 

Brevard,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Transylvania  co., 
N.C.,  is  in  Brevard  township,  and  in  the  French  Broad 
Valley,  30  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ashevillo.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
high  school,  and  a  flour-mill.  It  is  surrounded  by  pic- 
turesque scenery.     Pop.  of  the  township,  784. 

Br6ven,  or  Brevent,  briV6N°',  a  mountain  of  the 
Pennine  Alps,  Savoy.  Its  summit,  8500  feet  above  the  sea, 
is  the  best  place  to  take  a  view  of  the  whole  of  Mont  Blanc. 

Brevig,  bri'vig,  a  town  of  Norway,  11  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Laurvig,  on  the  Langesund-Fiord.     Pop.  2000. 

BreVoort'  Station,  a  post-office  of  Kings  co.,  N.Y., 
is  a  branch  of  the  Brooklyn  Post-Office. 

Brew'er,  a  post-village  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  is  in 
Brewer  township,  on  the  Penobscot  River,  opposite  Bangor, 
with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  bridge,  and  on  the  Bucks- 
port  &  Bangor  Railroad.  It  contains  3  churches,  a  savings- 
bank,  a  planing-mill,  and  a  number  of  saw-mills,  in  some 
of  which  steam-power  is  used ;  it  has  also  a  tannery  and  a 
graded  school.     Pop.  of  the  township,  3214. 

Brew'er's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  Ky. 

Brewer's  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Frontenac  co.,  On- 
tario, on  Rideau  Canal,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Kingston.    P.  150. 

Brew'ersville,  a  post-village  of  Jennings  co.,  Ind.,  on 
Sand  Creek,  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Madison.    It  has  a  church. 

Brew'erton,  a  post-village  of  New  York,  is  partly  in 
Onondaga  co,  and  partly  in  Oswego  co.  It  is  on  the  Oneida 
Biver,  at  the  west  end  of  Oneida  Lake,  and  on  the  Syracuse 


Northern  Railroad,  15  miles  N.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  planing-mill,  and  a  vinegar-factory.     Pop.  518. 

Brewcrton,  a  post-office  of  Laurens  oo.,  S.C. 

Brew'er  Village,  a  post-village  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me , 
in  Brewer  town.ship,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Penobscot 
River,  and  on  the  lJuekspt)rt  &  Bangor  Railroad,  2J  miles 
below  Bangor.  It  has  a  church,  3  large  saw-mills,  2  brick- 
yards, and  2  grist-mills. 

Brew'erville,  a  village  of  Sumter  oo.,  Ala.,  2  miles 
from  Coatopa  Station,  and  8  miles  S.E.  of  Livingston.  It 
has  2  churches  and  an  aciulemy. 

Brew'ington,  township,  Clarendon  oo.,  S.C.    Pop.  199. 

Brew'ster,  a  station  in  Pike  co.,  III.,  on  the  Quincy, 
Alton  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  29  miles  S.S.E.  of  Quincy. 

Brewster,  a  post-village  of  Barnstable  co.,  Mnss.,  in 
Brewster  township,  on  Ciipe  Cod  Bay,  and  on  the  Old  Colony 
Railroad,  90  miles  S.E.  of  Boston.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  manufactory  of  stockings.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1259. 

Brewster,  a  post-office  of  Nobles  co.,  Minn. 

Brewster,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Blaine  co.,  Neb.,  IB 
miles  N.E.  of  Dunning,  and  40  miles  N.  of  Broken  Bow. 
It  has  2  churches,  2  banks,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop, 
about  250.  "^ 

Brewster  or  Brewster's  Station,  a  post-village 
of  Putnam  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  A  Harlem  Railroad, 
53  miles  N.N.E.  of  New  York,  and  about  1 1  miles  W.  of 
Danbury,  Conn.  It  has  3  churches,  a  national  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  a  hat-factory,  a  manu- 
factory of  condensed  milk,  a  mine  of  iron  ore,  15  stores,  and 
2  carriage-shops.     Pop.  about  1400. 

Brewster,  a  post-village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  28 
miles  from  Goderich.     Pop.  100. 

Brew'ton,  a  thriving  post-town,  the  capital  of  Es- 
cambia CO.,  Ala.,  106  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Montgomery, 
and  74  miles  N.E.  of  Mobile.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank, 
an  academy,  and  a  newsj)aper  office.     Pop.  about  1500. 

Brezowa,  bri-zo''fi'a,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Neutra, 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Leopoldstadt.     Pop.  6430. 

Brian9on,  hre-bif^a6y'  (anc.  Brigan'tinm),  a  town  of 
France,  Ilautes-Alpes,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Durance,  55 
milesN.E.  of  Gap,  near  thelUilian  frontier;  a  fortified  place, 
a  kind  of  Alpine  Gibraltar.  It  stands  on  an  eminence  at 
the  foot  of  the  Col  de  Geniivre,  at  the  point  where  two  small 
rivers  unite  and  form  the  Durance.  It  is  4284  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea,  and  is  one  of  the  highest  towns  in 
France.  Its  numerous  fortified  positions  are  connected  by 
underground  galleries.  Brian^on  has  manufactures  of  cot- 
ton goods,  cutlery,  and  lead-pencils.  It  has  a  trade  in  what 
is  called  Brian^on  chalk,  and  in  various  forest  products. 
The  Brianfon  manna  is  made  from  larch  resin.    Pop.  3698. 

Brian^onnois,  or  Brian^onnais,  bre-fiNo'son'ni', 
an  old  district  of  France,  in  Dauphind,  the  capital  of  which 
was  Brianjon. 

Briansk,  breinsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  on  the  Desna,  70 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Orel.  It  has  16  churches,  a  monastery, 
with  a  seminary,  a  cannon-foundry  and  manufiictory  of 
small  arms,  and  factories  for  rope,  tallow,  bricks,  flour,  to- 
bacco, beer,  spirits,  <fec.     Pop.  13,881. 

Bri'ant,  or  Bry'ant,  a  post-village  of  Jay  co.,  Ind., 
in  Bear  Creek  township,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Richmond  A 
Fort  Wayne  Railroad,  about  7  miles  N.  of  Portland.  It  has 
a  church,  and  manufactures  of  staves  and  heading.  Pop. 
about  250. 

Bri'ar  Bluff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co..  III.,  in  Co* 
lona  township,  on  the  Rock  ford,  Rock  Island  A  St.  Louil 
Railroad,  14  miles  E.  of  Rock  Island.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Briar  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Logan  co.,  Ark. 

Briar  Creek,  a  township  of  Columbia  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
1077,  exclusive  of  Berwick. 

Briare,  bre-an'  (anc.  Brivodti'rum),  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  Loiret,  on  the  Loire,  at  the  head  of  the  Canal 
de  Briare,  6  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Gien.     Pop.  4775. 

Briatexte,  bre-i*t4xt',  a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn,  on 
the  Dadou,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Lavaur.     Pop.  1403, 

Briatico,  bre-i'te-ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Ca- 
tanzaro,  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Nicotera.     Pop.  3321. 

Bribiesca,  bre-ve-5s'ki,  a  town  of  Spain,  20  miles 
N.E.  of  Burgos,  on  the  Oca.     Pop.  3310. 

Bribir,  bre'been',  a  town  of  Croatia,  near  the  sea,  and 
18  miles  S.E.  of  Fiume.     Pop.  4150. 

Bricherasio,  bre-k.^-r4'se-o,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Turin,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Pinerolo.     Pop.  3502. 

Brick,  a  township  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.  Pop.  2724.  It 
contains  the  village  of  Lakewood. 

Brick  Chap'el,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.,  5 
miles  N.  from  Greencastle.     It  has  a  church. 

Brick  Church,  a  hamlet  of  Prince  George's  co.,  Md., 


I 


■ 


BRI 


ror 


BRI 


on  the  Pope's  Creek  Line  of  the  Baltimore  &  Potomac  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  S.  of  Bowie.   There  is  a  church  in  the  vicinity. 

Brick  Church,  a  post-hamlet  of  Guilford  co.,  N.C. 
about  15  miles  S.B.  of  Greensborough. 

Brick  Church,  a  post-hamlet  of  Giles  co.,  Tenn.,  11 
miles  N.E.  from  Pulaski.     It  has  a  church. 

Brick  Church,  a  station  of  Harrison  co.,  W.  Va.,  12 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Clarksburg. 

Brick'erville,  a  post-village  of  , Lancaster  co.  Pa.,  5 
miles  N.E.  from  Litiz  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  machine-shop. 

Brick'ey's  Landing  (Cliff  Post-Offlce),  St.  Genevieve 
CO.,  Mo.,  is  on  the  Mississippi  River,  12  miles  above  St. 
Genevieve.     It  has  a  steamboat-landing  and  a  flour-mill. 

Brick  Meet'ing-House,  a  post-village  of  Cecil  co., 
Md.,  10  miles  N.E.  from  Port  Deposit,  and  6  miles  S.  from 
O.vford,  Pa.     It  has  3  churches  and  one  or  two  flour-mills. 

Brick  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Blount  co.,  Tenn.,  10 
miles  S.  of  Maryville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Bricksburg,  Ocean  co.,  N.J.     See  Lakewood. 

Brick  Store,  a  post-ofiice  of  Lee  co.,  Va. 

Brick  Tav'ern,  a  post-ofiice  of  Kent  co.,  Mich. 
^  Brick'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ala.,  i  mile  S. 
of  the  Tennessee  River,  and  about  10  miles  E.  of  Florence. 

Brick'yard,  a  village  in  Barrington  township.  Provi- 
dence CO.,  R.I.  It  has  extensive  manufactures  of  bricks. 
Pop.  1-10. 

Brick  Yards,  a  station  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Fitchburg  Railroad,  6  miles  from  Boston,  at  the  junction  of 
the  Watertown  Branch. 

Bricquebec,  breek^bek',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Manche,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Valognes.     Pop.  3622. 

Bridal  Veil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Multnomah  co..  Ore., 
28  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Portland.  It  has  manufactures  of 
lumber  and  a  paper-mill.     Pop.  about  500. 

Bride,  a  river  of  Ireland,  m  Munster,  cos.  of  Cork  and 
Watcrford,  flows  eastward,  and  joins  the  Black  water  8 
miles  N.  of  Youghal.     Length,  25  miles. 

Bride,  a  river  of  Ireland,  in  Munster,  co.  of  Cork,  joins 
the  Lee  6  miles  W.  of  Cork.     Length,  11  miles. 

Bridesburg,  bridz'burg,  a  suburb  of  Philadelphia,  in 
the  25th  ward,  is  on  the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  lOi  miles  from  Broad  Street  Station. 
Here  is  a  United  States  arsenal. 

Bridge,  a  post-haralet  of  Saline  co.,  Kans.as,  on  Gyp- 
sum Creek,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Salina.     It  has  a  church. 

Bridgeborough,  brij'biir-riih,  a  post-village  of  Bur- 
lington CO.,  N.J.,  in  Delran  township,  on  Rancocas  Creek, 
11  miles  N.E.  of  Camden,  and  2  miles  from  Riverside  Sta- 
tion.    It  has  a  church. 

Bridge  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Mo.,  about 
20  miles  N.W.  of  Brunswick.     It  has  a  church. 

Bridge  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Geauga  co.,  0.,  in 
Auburn  township,  8  miles  N.E.  from  Mantua  Station.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Bridge  Creek,  a  post-ofiice  of  Wasco  co.,  Oregon. 

Bridge  Creek,  a  township  of  Eau  Claire  co..  Wis. 
Pop.  84-t,  exclusive  of  Augusta. 

Bridge^hamp'ton,  a  township  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mich. 
Pop.  1185.     It  contains  Carsonville  and  Forester. 

Bridgehampton,  a  post-village  of  Southampton  town- 
ship, Sutiblk  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Long  Island,  about  2  miles  from 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  18  miles  E.S.E.  of  Riverhead. 
Bridgehampton  Station  is  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  5 
miles  S.W.  of  Sag  Harbor.     Pop.  of  parish,  1334. 

Bridge  Junction,  astation  in  East  St.  Louis,  HI.,  where 
centre  various  railroads  which  cross  the  Mississippi  River 
to  St.  Louis. 

Bridge  Land'ing,  or  Murrell's'  Point,  a  hamlet 
!n  Webster  parish.  La.,  at  the  head  of  steam  navigation  on 
Dorcheat  Bayou,  and  28  miles  N.E.  of  Shreveport.  It  has 
a  steam  cotton-gin  and  a  grist-mill,  and  is  a  shipping-point 
of  some  importance.  The  Dorcheat  is  here  bridged.  Near- 
est post-office,  Minden. 

Bridgend,  bri'jend\  a  town  of  Wales,  co.  of  Glamor- 
gnn,  on  the  Ogmore,  at  the  junction  of  several  railways,  6 
wiles  W.N.W.  of  Cowbridge.     Pop.  3539. 

Bridgenorth,  brij'north  (anc.  Brugia  or  Bruges),  a 
borough  of  England,  co.  of  Salop,  on  the  Severn,  18  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Shrewsbury.  The  town  consists  of  an  upper 
and  a  lower  part,  connected  by  a  bridge  of  six  arches. 
The  upper  town  is  picturesquely  built  on  a  rock,  crowned 
by  an  ancient  castle.  Bridgenorth  has  a  grammar-school 
founded  in  1503,  2  almghouses,  an  ancient  town  hall,  a  jail,  a 
theatre,  a  public  library,  worsted-  and  nail-manufactories, 
slips  for  boat-building,  a  large  market,  and  an  extensive 
trade  by  the  Severn.     Pop.  5876. 


Bridgenorth,  brij'north,  a  post-village  in  Peterbor- 
ough CO.,  Ontario,  on  Lake  Chemong,  7  miles  N.W.  of 
Peterborough.     Pop.  150. 

Bridge  of  Al'lan,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  3 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Stirling,  on  the  Allan.  It  has  a  salina 
mineral  spring,  much  frequented.     Pop.  3055. 

Bridgeport,  brij'pOrt,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co., 
Ala.,  on  the  Tennessee  River,  and  on  the  Nashville,  Chatta- 
nooga &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  28  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Chatta- 
nooga, at  the  junction  of  a  branch  railroad  to  Jasper,  Tenn 
Two  steamboats  ply  between  this  place  and  Decatur. 

Bridgeport,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Mono  co.,  Cal., 
about  200  miles  E.  by  N.  from  San  Francisco,  and  12  miles 
N.  of  Castle  Peak,  a  peak  of  the  Sierra  Nevada.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  60. 

Bridgeport,  a  township  of  Nevada  co.,  Cal.,  contains 
Cherokee,  Birchville,  and  other  gold-mining  camps.  P.  1829. 

Bridgeport,  a  village  in  Green  Valley  township,  So- 
lano CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  California  Pacific  Railroad,  8  miles  E. 
of  Napa  Junction.  It  has  a  church,  a  box-factory,  and  a 
public  school.     Its  post-office  name  is  Cordelia. 

Bridgeport,  a  city,  seaport,  and  one  of  the  capitals  of 
Fairfield  co.,  Conn.,  is  on  a  small  inlet  of  Long  Island 
Sound,  at  the  mouth  of  Pequonnock  River,  and  on  the  New 
York  &  New  Haven  Railroad,  57  miles  N.E.  of  New  York,, 
17  miles  W.S.W.  of  New  Haven,  and  53  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Hartford.  It  is  the  south  terminus  of  the  Ilousatonic 
Railroad,  connecting  it  with  Pittsfield,  Mass.,  and  of  the 
Naugatuck  Railroad,  which  extends  to  AVinsted.  It  has  a  safe 
harbor  for  small  vessels,  and  has  considerable  coasting  trade. 
In  the  northwest  part  of  the  town  is  an  eminence  called 
Golden  Hill,  which  commands  a  beautiful  view  of  the  sound 
and  is  occupied  by  many  elegant  residences.  Bridgeport 
contains  about  40  churches,  5  national  banks,  several  savings- 
banks,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  4  daily,  1  semi- 
weekly,  and  3  weekly  newspapers,  one  of  which  last  is  in 
German.  Here  are  extensive  manufactures  of  carriages, 
sewing-machines,  hardware,  machinery,  leather,  ammuni- 
tion or  projectiles,  woollen  goods,  plush,  aluminum,  bronze, 
and  heavy  forgings,  etc.  Steamboats  ply  daily  betweea 
this  port  and  New  Y'ork.  Bridgeport  is  a  port  of  entry. 
It  has  fine  public  parks,  and  a  system  of  street  railways. 
In  1890  this  was  the  third  city  of  the  state  in  population. 
Pop.  in  1880,  27,643;  in  1890,  48,866. 

Bridgeport,  Cook  co..  III.,  is  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton 
Railroad,  3  miles  S.AV.  of  Chicago,  of  which  city  it  is  a 
suburb.     Here  is  a  Catholic  reform  school. 

Bridgeport,  Douglas  co..  111.     See  Hugo. 

Bridgeport,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co..  111.,  on 
the  Ohio  &,  Mississippi  Railroad,  13  miles  W.  of  Vincennes, 
and  136  miles  E.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  4  churches,  a  mill, 
and  4  general  stores.     Pop.  435. 

Bridgeport,  a  village  of  Washington  co.,  111.,  is  about 
25  miles  E.  by  S.  from  Belleville,  and  1  mile  from  Okaw- 
ville  Station  on  the  St.  Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad. 
It  has  3  churches  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  611. 

Bridgeport,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Wayne  township,  9  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Indianapolis. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  200. 

Bridgeport,  a  post-village  of  Saline  co.,  Kansas,  on  2 
railroads,  16  miles  S.  of  Salina.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  300. 

Bridgeport,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Ky.,  about 
5  miles  S.W.  of  Frankfort. 

Bridgeport,  a  post-office  of  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  about 
50  miles  N.W.  of  Baltimore. 

Bridgeport,  or  Bridgeport  Centre,  a  village  of 
Saginaw  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Flint  &,  Pere  Marquette  Railroad, 
7  miles  S.E.  of  East  Saginaw.  It  is  in  Bridgeport  township, 
and  near  Cass  River.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  and 
manufactures  of  lumber  and  salt.  Pop.  about  500 ;  of  town- 
ship, 1241. 

Bridgeport,  a  post- village  of  Warren  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  about  65  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis.  Pop.  of 
Bridgeport  township,  822. 

Bridgeport,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Delaware  Shore  Railroad,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Woodbury, 
and  about  18  miles  S.W.  of  Camden.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bridgeport,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Sul- 
livan township,  on  Chittenango  Creek,  about  12  miles  N.E. 
of  Syracuse,  and  1^  miles  S.  of  Oneida  Lake.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  217. 

Bridgeport,  a  station  in  Queens  co..  Long  Island, 
N.Y.,  on  the  Southern  Railroad,  1  mile  S.  of  Valley  Stream 
Junction. 

Bridgeport,  a  post-village  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  opposite  Wheeling  (with  which  it  is  connected 


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708 


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\>y  two  bridges,  and  on  the  River  dlvivion  of  the  Cleveland 
k  PitUburg  Kailroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Uellaire,  and  UU  miles 
B.  of  Columbus.  Bridgeport  has  a  national  banl(,  a  savings* 
bank,  7  ohurobe«,  3  sohools,  2  glitss-faotories,  and  2  large 
rolling-mills.  The  Cleveland  tt  Pittsburg  and  the  Clove- 
land,  Lorain  A,  Wheeling  Ilailroads  pass  through  the  vil- 
lage.    Poj).  3369. 

Bridgeport,  a  hamlet  of  Montgomery  oc,  0.,  on  the 
Miami  Kivor,  about  12  miles  below  Dayton. 

Uridgcpurt,  Wayne  co,  0.,  is  now  called  Burbank. 

Uridgeport,  a  post-of&oe  of  Baker  co.,  Oregon. 

Uridgcport,  a  village  of  Bedford  co.,  Pa.,  on  Wills 
Creek,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Washington  &  Baltimore  Rail- 
road, ivnd  the  Bedford  &  Bridgeport  Railroad,  16  mileti  N. 
of  Cumberland,  Md.  It  has  2  or  3  churches  and  a  manu- 
factory of  (ire-brick.  It  is  an  important  station.  Hero  is 
Hyndmnn  Post-0  flBce. 

JBridgcport,  a  small  village  of  Cumberland  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Susquclianna  River,  opposite  Harrisburg,  and  on  the 
Northern  Central  and  Cumberland  Valley  Railroads.  A 
bridge  crosses  tho  rivor  at  this  place,  which  is  2  miles  from 
Harrisburg,  83  miles  from  Baltimore,  and  i  mile  from 
Wormleysburg  Post-Office.  It  has  2  large  hotels  and  2 
locomotive  engine-houses. 

Bridgeport,  a  borough  of  Fayette  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  east 
bank  of  the  Monongahela  Rivor,  at  the  mouth  of  Dunlap's 
Creek,  30  miles  direct  and  CO  miles  by  water  S.  of  Pitts- 
burg, and  i  mile  S.W.  of  Brownsville.  It  is  on  the  na- 
tional road  or  turnpike.  Two  bridges  cross  the  river  and 
creek  at  this  place.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bunk,  2  flour- 
mills,  2  saw-mills,  a  high  school,  and  manufactories  of 
boilers,  sash,  and  doors.  Steamboats  ply  daily  between 
this  place  and  Pittsburg.     Pop.  1199. 

Bridgeport,  a  village  of  Franklin  co.,  Pa.,  in  Peters 
township,  on  Conococheague  Creek,  4  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Mercersburg.  It  has  a  church,  a  Hour-mill,  a  graded  school, 
and  a  coach-factory.     Its  post-oflSce  is  Bridgeport  Mills. 

Bridgeport,  a  post-borough  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  Schuylkill  River,  opposite  Norristown,  with  which 
it  is  connected  by  a  bridge.  It  is  the  east  terminus  of  tho 
Chester  Valley  Railroad,  which  connects  hero  with  tho 
Reading  Railroad,  and  is  16  miles  from  Philadelphia.  It 
has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  bricks, 
railroad-cars,  jeans,  and  earthenware.     Pop.  about  2500. 

Bridgeport,  a  post-office  of  Cocke  co.,  Tenn.,  and  a 
station  on  tho  Cincinnati,  Cumberland  Gap  &  Charleston 
Railroad,  27  miles  S.E.  of  Morristown. 

Bridgeport,  a  post-office  of  Wise  co.,  Tex. 

Bridgeport,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  87  miles  E.  of  Parkers- 
burg,  and  6  miles  E.  of  Clarksburg.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  woollen-mill,  and  a  planing-mill.  Large  quantities  of 
stock  (cattle,  &c.)  are  shipped  here.     Pop.  400. 

Bridgeport,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co.,  Wis.,  on 
the  Wisconsin  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St. 
Paul  Railroad,  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Prairie  du  Chien.    Pop.  363. 

Bridgeport,  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  co.,  Ontario, 
on  Grand  River,  2  miles  N.  of  Berlin.  It  has  good  water- 
power,  a  woollen-factory,  saw-  and  grist-mills,  and  several 
Stores  and  hotels.     Pop.  700. 

Bridgeport,  a  post-village  in  Cape  Breton  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  sea-coast,  15  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Sydney. 
Here  are  extensive  coal-mines.     Pop.  300. 

Bridgeport  Centre,  Mich.    See  Bridgeport. 

Bridgeport  Mills,  Franklin  co..  Pa.  See  Bridoepout. 

Bridger,  brlj'^r,  a  station  in  Uintah  co.,  Wyoming,  on 
the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  42  miles  (by  rail)  N.E.  of 
Evanston. 

Bridger's  Pass,  a  defile  or  depression  in  tho  Rocky 
Mountains,  in  the  S.AV.  part  of  Wyoming.  The  Overland 
Emigrant  and  Mail  Route  crossed  the  mountain  by  this 
pass  before  the  Pacific  Railroad  was  opened.  On  each  side 
of  the  pass  precipitous  rocks  of  granite  and  sandstone  rise 
like  walls  about  2000  feet  high.     It  is  near  lat.  41  °  30'  N. 

Bridger's  Peak,  a  peak  of  the  Gallatin  Range,  in 
Gallatin  co.,  Montana.  Its  height  is  estimated  at  90U0  feet 
above  the  sea-level.  "  The  carboniferous  limestones,"  says 
Hayden,  "  form  with  their  upturned  edges  tho  very  sum- 
mit of  the  Gallatin  Range,  including  Bridger's  Peak,  Union 
Peak,  <tc."  The  central  beds  of  limestone  are  nearly  ver- 
tical, and  are  flanked  by  Jurassic  and  Cretaceous  strata.  It 
is  in  lat.  45°  47'  N. 

Bridges,  brlj'^z,  a  township  of  Ozark  co.,  Mo.   Pop.  532. 

Bridge's  Corner,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Me. 

Bridge  Switch,  or  Alto'na,  a  station  3  miles  N.  of 
La  Crosse,  Wis.,  on  the  Southern  Minnesota  Railroad,  which 
here  crosses  the  Mississippi  River  to  La  Crescent. 


Bridgeton,  brlj't^n,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  oo.,  Ala., 
at  Bold  Spring.',  a  hamlet  11  miles  £.  of  Birmingham.  The 
hamlet  has  several  general  stores,  Ac. 

Bridgeton,  a  post-village  of  Parke  oo.,  Ind.,  on  Rac- 
coon Creek,  about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Terre  Haute,  and  i> 
miles  S.  by  E.  from  Rockville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  Uuur- 
mill,  and  several  stores,  &o, 

Bridgeton,  a  post-hamlct  of  Newaygo  oo.,  Mioh.,  is  on 
the  Muskegon  River,  in  Bridgeton  township,  about  12  miles 
N.E.  of  Muskegon,  and  20  miles  S.W.  of  Newaygo.  It  hat 
a  saw-mill,  a  shingle-mill,  and  stores  and  other  business 
concerns.     Pop.  of  township,  584, 

Bridgeton,  a  post-village  of  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo.,  in 
Saint  Ferdinand  township,  on  the  St.  Louis  &  Kansas  City 
division  of  tho  Wabash  Railroad,  and  the  St.  Louis  Cable 
A  Western  Railroad,  16  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  St.  Louis. 
It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  and  several  stores  and  other 
business  concerns.     Pop.  237. 

Bridgeton,  a  city,  port  of  entry,  and  capital  of  Cum- 
berland  oo.,  N.J.,  is  on  both  sides  of  Cohansey  Creek,  on 
the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  38  miles  S.  of  Philadelphia,  and 
11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Vineland.  It  is  also  on  the  Central 
Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  126  miles  from  New  York.  The 
Bridgeton  &  Port  Norris  Railroad  extends  from  this  place 
southeastward  to  the  mouth  of  Maurice  River,  more  than 
20  miles.  It  contains  the  West  Jersey  Academy,  15 
churches,  2  national  banks,  the  South  Jersey  Institute, 
organized  in  1870,  a  rolling-mill,  a  nail-factory,  glass- 
works, and  3  iron-foundries,  and  has  manufactures  of 
woollen  goods,  leather,  machinery,  carriages,  Ac.  Here 
are  printing-offices  which  issue  2  daily  and  4  weekly  news- 
papers and  3  monthly  periodicals,  one  of  which  is  agricul- 
tural. Steamboats  can  ascend  the  Cohansey  to  this  place. 
Pop.  in  1890,  11,424. 

llridgeton,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Oregon,  on 
the  Tualatin  River,  about  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Portland, 
and  near  Middleton. 

Bridgeton,  a  borough  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Dela- 
ware River.     Here  is  a  bridge  across  the  river.     Pop.  944. 

Bridgeton,  a  post-office  of  York  co..  Pa.,  on  tho  Peach 
Bottom  Railroad,  27  miles  S.E.  of  York. 

Bridgetown,  brlj'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caroline  co., 
Md.,  6  miles  W.  of  Goldsborough. 

Bridgetown,  a  village  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  in  Green 
township,  2  miles  from  Glenmore  Railroad  Station.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  broom-factory,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Bridgetown,  a  hamlet  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  in  Rockhill 
township,  1  mile  from  Perkasie  Railroad  Station.     P.  250. 

Bridgetown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northampton  co.,  Va. 

Bridgetown,  a  post-village  in  Annapolis  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  at  the  head  of  navigation  of  Annapolis  River,  14 
miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Annapolis.  It  has  excellent  water- 
power,  an  iron-foundry,  a  tannery,  and  a  printing-office 
issuing  a  paper.     Bridgetown  is  a  port  of  entry.     Po]i.  800. 

Bridgetown,  a  village  in  Kings  co..  Prince  Edward 
Island,  at  the  head  of  navigation  of  Grand  River,  30  miles 
E.  of  Charlottetown.     Pop.  400. 

Bridgetown,  the  capital  of  the  island  of  Barbadocs,  on 
the  W.  coast.  Lat.  13°  4'  N. ;  Ion.  59°  37'  W.  It  stretches 
along  the  N.  shore  of  Carlisle  Bay,  is  well  built,  and  sur- 
rounded by  plantations.  It  has  a  college,  water-works,  a 
jail,  council-house,  good  shops,  and  a  market  well  supplied 
with  provisions.  About  1  mile  distant  is  the  governors 
house,  and  2  miles  S.  of  the  town  are  barracks,  with  a  spa- 
cious parade-ground,  and  an  arsenal.  It  is  the  seat  of  an 
Anglican  bishop,  and  has  a  large  commerce.     Pop.  18,957. 

Bridge  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  in 
Warwick  township,  on  Neshaminy  Creek,  3  miles  S.E,  of 
Doylestown.     It  has  a  church. 

Bridgeviile,  brij'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pickens  co., 
Ala.,  26  miles  N.  from  Gainesville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bridgeviile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal.,  90 
miles  N.N.W.  from  Cloverdale. 

Bridgeviile,  a  post-village  of  Sussex  co.,  Dol.,  near 
the  Nanticoke  River,  and  on  the  Delaware  Railroad,  76 
miles  S.  by  W.  from  Wilmington.  It  has  2  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  phosphate  and  husk-mattresses.    Pop.  300. 

Bridgeviile,  a  post-village  of  Gratiot  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Washington  township,  on  Maple  River,  11  miles  N.  of  St. 
John.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  about  150. 

Bridgeviile,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Oxford  township,  on  Pequest  Creek,  and  on  the  Delaware, 
Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  4  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Bel- 
videre.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  about  20  houses. 

Bridgeviile,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Neversink  River,  about  20  miles  N.  of  Port  Jervis,  and  4 
miles  E.  by  S.  from  Monticello.     It  has  a  church. 


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709 


BRI 


Bridgeville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Central  Ohio  or  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Kailroad,  10  miles 
B.N.E.  of  Zanesville.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  45. 

Bridgeville,  apost- village  of  Upper  St.  Clair  township, 
Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on  Chartiers  Creek,  and  on  the  Chartiors 
Railroad,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a  church,  a 
hotel,  and  a  flour-mill.     Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  450. 

Bridgeville,  a  post-village  in  Pictou  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
12  miles  S.  of  New  Glasgow.     Pop.  100. 

BridgeAvater,  brij'w4-tfr,  a  borough  of  England,  co. 
of  Somerset,  on  the  Parret,  7  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  29  J 
miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Bristol.  The  town  is  neatly  built, 
remarkably  clean,  and  well  supplied  with  water.  It  has  an 
ancient  Gothic  church  (containing  a  fine  altar-piece),  a 
grammar-school,  almshouse,  infirmary,  market-house,  jail, 
court-house,  and  banks.  The  quays  are  accessible  to  vessels 
of  700  tons,  but  the  entrance  of  the  river  is  difficult.  A 
canal  connects  Bridgewater  with  Taunton.     Pop.  10,259. 

Bridgewater,  brij'wit?r,  a  post-township  of  Litch- 
field CO.,  Conn.,  about  10  miles  N.E.  of  Danbury,  is  bounded 
on  the  S.W.  by  the  Housatonic  River,  and  traversed  by  the 
Sbepaug  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches,  and  a  hamlet  named 
Souihville.     Pop.  877. 

Bridgewater,  a  post-village  of  Adair  co.,  Iowa,  15 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Greenfield.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank, 
saw-mill,  fence-picket  factory,  &o.     Pdp.  245. 

Bridgewater,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Aroos- 
took CO.,  Me.,  20  miles  N.  of  Houlton.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
tannery,  a  cheese-factory,  &c.     Pop.  605. 

Bridgewater,  a  post-village  of  Plymouth  co.,  Mass., 
in  Bridgewater  township,  and  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad, 
27  miles  S.  of  Boston,  and  32  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Fall 
River,  near  the  junction  of  the  Abington  <fe  Bridgewater  Rail- 
road. It  contains  the  Bridgewater  State  Normal  School, 
and  the  Bridgewater  Academy  ;  also  a  savings-bank,  and  a 
manufactory  of  cotton-gins.  One  weekly  newspaper  is  pub- 
lished here.  The  Taunton  River  forms  the  S.E.  boundary 
of  the  township.  It  has  7  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
cotton,  iron,  paper,  augers,  &c.  The  township  is  the  seat  of 
the  state  workhouse.     Pop,  in  1890,  4249. 

Bridgewater,  a  post-village  of  Bridgewater  town- 
ship, Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Detroit,  Hillsdale  & 
Southwestern  Railroad,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Ypsilanti,  andiibout 
16  miles  S.W.  of  Ann  Arbor.  The  township  is  intersected 
by  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  and  by 
Raisin  River.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1089. 

Bridgewater,  a  township  of  Rice  co.,  Minn.  Pop. 
1479.     It  contains  Dundas. 

Bridgewater,  a  post-township  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H., 
about  7  miles  S.  of  Plymouth,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Pemigewasset  River.  Pop.  453.  Bridgewater  Station,  at 
the  N.  extremity  of  the  township,  is  on  the  Boston,  Con- 
cord &  Montreal  Railroad,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Plymouth. 

Bridgewater,  a  township  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J.  Pop. 
5883.  It  includes  Somerville,  the  county  seat;  also  Raritan 
and  Bound  Brook. 

Bridgewater,  a  post-village  of  Oneida  co.,  N.T.,  on 
the  Utiea,  Chenango  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  18  miles  S. 
of  Utica,  and  on  the  Richfield  Branch  of  the  Delaware, 
Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad.  It  is  on  a  branch  of  the 
Unadilla  River.  It  has  a  bank  and  4  churches.  Pop.  230; 
of  the  township,  1309. 

Bridgewater,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Burke  co., 
N.C.,  on  the  Western  North  Carolina  Railroad,  12  miles  W. 
of  Morganton. 

Bridgewater,  a  post-township  of  Williams  co.,  0., 
68  miles  W.  of  Toledo.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  1207. 

Bridgewater,  a  borough  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Beaver  River,  and  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad,  27  miles  N.W. 
of  Pittsburg.  A  bridge  across  the  Beaver  River  connects  it 
■with  Rochester.  It  has  4  churches,  an  academy,  2  foundries, 
2  tanneries,  2  planing-mills,  a  machine-shop,  2  saw-mills, 
Ac.     Pop.  1119.     Here  is  West  Bridgewater  Post-Office. 

Bridgewater,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  at 
Schenck's  Railroad  Station,  near  the  Delaware  River,  15 
miles  N.E.  of  Philadelphia.     It  has  a  chapel. 

Bridgewater,  a  station  in  Delaware  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Philadelphia  &  Baltimore  Central  Railroad,  17  miles  from 
Philadelphia. 

Bridgewater,  a  post-village  of  McCook  co.,  S.D., 
20  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Mitchell.  It  has  4  churches,  5 
banks,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  harness  and 
windmill  manufactures.     Pop.  410. 

Bridgewater,  a  post-village  of  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  on 
tbe  Otta  Quechee  River,  about  16  miles  E.  of  Rutland.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  woollen-mill. 


Bridgewater,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co.,  Va., 
on  North  River,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Harrisonburg.  It  has 
several  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  bank,  2  newspaper 
offices,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  flour,  woollens,  dec. 

Bridgewater,  a  post-village  in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario, 
30  miles  N.  of  Belleville.  It  has  valuable  water-power, 
a  flour-mill,  saw-mill,  woollen-factory,  tannery,  chair-  and 
cabinet-factory,  an  iron-'foundry,  a  scythe-  and  edge-tool- 
factory,  a  town  hall,  and  several  stores  and  hotels.    Pop.  450. 

Bridgewater,  a  post-village  in  Lunenburg  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  La  Have  River,  12  miles  W.  of  Lunenburg. 
It  has  a  branch  bank,  a  printing-office,  saw-,  grist-,  and 
carding-mills,  an  iron  foundry,  tannery,  5  churches,  <feo., 
and  a  large  export  of  wood.     Pop.  1000. 

Bridg'man,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  on 
Lake  Michigan,  13  miles  by  rail  S.  of  St.  Joseph.  It  has 
a  lumber-mill,  a  church,  a  drug-store,  a  stave-factory,  <fec. 
Pop.  about  200. 

Bridgton,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co..  Me.,  about 
40  miles  N.W.  of  Portland.  It  has  a  savings-bank,  several 
churches,  a  high-school,  a  newspaper  office,  an  iron-foundry, 
a  tannery,  several  woollen-factories,  &c.     Pop.  932. 

Bridgville,  Waterloo  co.,  Ontario.    See  Freeport. 

Bri'dle  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grayson  co.,  Va.,  40 
miles  S.  by  W.  from  AVytheville. 

Brid'iington,orBrel'lington  (usually  pronounced, 
and  often  written,  Bur'lington),  a  town  of  England,  co. 
of  York,  East  Riding,  including  the  market-towns  of  Brid- 
lington and  Bridlington  Quay,  6  miles  W.  of  Flamborough 
Head,  and  26  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Hull.  Bridlington 
consists  chiefly  of  a  long  narrow  street,  and  has  the  remains 
of  a  priory,  built  in  the  thirteenth  century,  now  the  paro- 
chial church,  a  town  hall,  a  commercial  exchange,  and 
numerous  chapels.  Bridlington  Quay,  on  a  fine  bay,  1  milo 
S.E.  of  the  above,  is  well  built  of  brick,  has  many  good 
hotels,  a  mineral  spring,  baths,  and  lodging-houses,  and  is 
frequented  during  summer  for  sea-bathing.  Its  harbor  is 
formed  by  two  handsome  piers,  and  it  has  an  active  export 
trade  in  corn.  A  large  spring  on  the  beach  supplies  the 
town  with  water.     Total  pop.  6203. 

Brid'port,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Dorset,  on  the 
Brit  or  Bride  River,  here  crossed  by  several  bridges,  and 
18  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Dorchester.  The  town  consists  of 
three  principal  streets,  and  has  many  handsome  houses,  a 
Gothic  church,  a  town  hall,  prison,  market-house,  branch 
bank,  almshouse,  mechanics'  institute,  with  manufactories 
of  sail-cloth,  shoe-thread,  lines,  nets,  &e.,  and  an  extensive 
trade  coastwise  and  to  the  Baltic.  The  harbor,  on  the 
Channel,  admits  vessels  of  250  tons.     Pop.  7670. 

Brid'port,  a  post-township  of  Addison  co.,  Vt.,  about 
8  miles  W.  of  Middlebury,  and  6  miles  E.  by  N.  from  Crown 
Point,  N.Y.,  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Lake  Champlain. 
It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy.     Pop.  1171. 

Briec,  bre-6k',  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Fi- 
nistfire,  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Quimper.     Pop.  5592. 

Brie-Comte-Robert,  bree'-k6jft^-ro'bain',  a  town 
of  France,  department  of  Seine-et-Marne,  on  a  railway,  11 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Melun.     Pop.  2692. 

Brieg,  brcec,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  27  miles  S.E- 
of  Breslau,  on  the  Oder,  at  a  railway  junction.  It  is  well 
built,  with  fine  promenades  on  the  former  ramparts,  and  has 
a  gymnasium,  a  good  library,  and  manufactories  of  linen, 
cotton,  and  woollen  fabrics.     Pop.  15,382. 

Brieg,  Brig,  or  Brigue,  breec,  a  town  of  Switzer- 
land, canton  of  Valais,  on  the  Rhone,  31  miles  E.N.E,  of 
Sion,  at  the  commencement  of  the  Simplon  Pass.     P.  1076. 

Briel,  breel  (Fr.  Brielle,  bre-Sll'),  often  called  The 
Brill,  bril,  a  fortified  seaport  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
province  of  South  Holland,  on  the  island  of  Voorn,  on  the 
Mouse,  at  its  mouth,  14  miles  W.  of  Rotterdam.  It  has 
many  military  magazines  and  a  good  harbor.     Pop.  4058. 

Brienne,  or  Brienne-le-Chateau,  bre-enn'-leh- 
sha,Ho',  called  also  Brieniie-Napoleon,  bre-finn'-nS,*- 
poMi*6N<'',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Aubo,  near  tho 
right  bank  of  the  Aube,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Bar-sur-Aube. 
Here  Napoleon,  on  the  29th  of  January,  1814,  defeated  the 
Allies  in  a  bloody  battle.     Pop,  1886. 

Bri^non,  bre^i^nis"',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Yonne,  10  miles  E.  of  Joigny.     Pop.  2485. 

Briensburg,  bri'enz-burg,  a  post-village  of  Marshall 
CO.,  Ky.,  8  miles  from  Calvert  City.     It  has  3  churches. 

Brienz,  bre'ilnts,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bern,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Lake  Brienz, 
and  at  the  foot  of  the  Brienzergrat  Mountain.     Pop.  2605. 

Brienza,  bre-5n'zl,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  4 
miles  S.W.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  4878. 

Brienzer>See,  bree'fint-s^r-si  ("  Lake  of  Brienji"),  in 


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Switterland,  is  formed  bj  the  river  Aftr,  above  the  Lake  of 
Thun.  Length,  8  miles.  It  is  surrounded  by  mountains, 
and  the  torrents  wliich  flow  from  them  form  several  caa- 
oades,  the  princiiml  of  which  is  the  full  of  the  (Jicssbnch. 

Bri'er  Crceu,  Georgia,  drains  part  of  Richmond  oo., 
rmnB  8.E.,  intorsucts  Burke  and  Scriven  cos.,  and  enters  the 
Savannah  in  the  latter  county.    Length,  about  140  miles. 

Bri'erfield,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  on 
a  railway.  .H  miles  N.N.K.  of  Burnley.    Pop.  in  1891,  5888. 

BrierAeldt  a  post-village  of  Bibb  oo.,  Ala.,  49  miles 
by  mil  N.  of  .Solma.  It  bus  6  church  orgnnizations  and 
extensive  manufactures  of  car-wheels  and  other  iron  prod- 
ucts.    Pop.  1600. 

Bri'er  Hill,  a  village  of  Pike  oo.,  Ala.,  15  miles  N.W. 
of  Troy.  It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy.  The  name  of 
Its  post-office  is  Olustee  Creek, 

Brier  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Morristown  township,  on  the  Black  River  A  Morristown 
K&ilroad,  5^  miles  S.  from  Morristown,  and  about  15  miles 
6.8. W.  of  Ogdensburg.  It  has  2  churches,  and  a  manufac- 
tory of  sash  and  blinds. 

Brier  Hill,  a  station  in  Mahoning  co.,  0.,  2  miles  N. 
of  Youngstown,  is  on  the  Painesville  <fe  Youngstown,  the 
Atlantic  <t  Great  Western  (Mahoning  division),  and  the 
Ashtabula  <t  Youngstown  Railroads.  Here  is  obtained  much 
excellent  furnace-coal,  of  a  kind  resembling  splint  and 
block  coal. 

Brier  Island,  an  island  of  Nova  Scotia,  in  the  Bay  of 
Fundy,  at  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Digby  Neck.  Lat.  of 
light-house,  44°  14'  67"  N. ;  Ion.  66°  23'  2"  W.  On  it  is 
the  village  of  Westport.     Pop.  643. 

Bri'erly  Hill,  a  town  of  England,  in  Staffordshire,  2 
miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Stourbridge.  It  has  potteries, 
brick-kilns,  and  glass-works.     Pop.  11,046. 

Bries,  breece,  or  Brisen,  breo'z^n  (Hun.  Breizno 
Bauya,  brfiss'no  b&n'ySh),  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Sohl,  on  the  Gran,  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Neusohl.  It  con- 
tains a  college  and  a  grammar-school.     Pop.  11,776. 

Briesen,  bree's^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  on  a  railway,  23 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Kulm.     Pop.  3623. 

Brietzen,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Wrietzex. 

Briey,  bre-i',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Meurthe- 
et-Moselle,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Metz.     Pop.  1952. 

Briezen,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Briesen. 

Briga,  bree'gi,  a  village  of  Italy,  30  miles  N.E.  of 
Nice,  on  the  Livenza.     Pop.  1615. 

Brigantine  (brlg'an-tcen)  Island,  about  6  miles  N. 
•f  Atlantic  City,  N.J.,  lies  between  Brigantine  and  New 
Inlets,  and  is  a  summer  resort.     Here  are  2  hotels. 

Brigantinus  Lacus.    Sec  Lake  of  Constance. 

Brigantium,  or  Brigantia.  See  Bregenz  and 
BniAs^os. 

Brig'den,  a  post-village  of  Lambton  co.,  Ont.,  57  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  St.  Thomas.     It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  &c. 

Briggs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  about  10  miles  below  Marietta. 

Brigg's  Corners,  a  po.«t-village  in  Queens  co..  New 
Brunswick,  at  the  head  of  navigation  of  Salmon  River,  95 
miles  N.  of  St.  John.  It  contains  grist-  and  saw-mills,  and 
several  stores.     Coal  is  found  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  600. 

Briggs'vilie,  a  hamlet  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  2  miles 
N.  of    North  Adams.     It  has  a  woollen-factory. 

Briggsville,  a  poet-hamlet  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  about 
22  miles  S.W.  of  Wilkesbarre.     It  has  several  churches. 

Briggsville,  a  post-village  of  Marquette  co.,  Wis.,  11 
miles  N.W,  of  Portage  City.     It  has  2  churches. 

Brigham,  brig'am,  a  post-village  in  Brome  co.,  Que- 
bec, 8  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  West  Famham.  It  contains 
saw-mills,  a  tannery,  and  a  sash-factory.     Pop.  200. 

Brigham  (brig'am)  City,  or  Box  Elder,  a  post- 
town,  capital  of  Box  Elder  co  ,  Utab,  at  the  W.  base  of 
the  Wahsatch  range  of  mountains,  on  the  Utah  Northern 
branch  of  the  Union  Pacific  llailro<ad,  and  near  the  Central 
'Pacific  Railroad  (2^  miles  from  Brigham  Station),  8  miles 
£.£.  of  Corinne,  and  56  miles  N.  of  Salt  Lake  City.  It  has 
a  church,  a  seminary,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  woollen-factory. 
Pop.  in  1880,  1877;  in  1888,  about  2500. 

Brig'house,  a  town  of  England,  West  Riding  of  York- 
shire, 4  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Halifax.     Pop,  6370. 

Bright,  a  post-ofiice  of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind.,  is  at  Saltillo. 

Bright,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  co.,  Ontario,  18  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Stratford.     Pop.  500. 

Brighton,  bri't9n  (formerly  Brighthelmstone),  a 
town  of  England,  co.  of  Sussex,  on  the  English  Channel,  47 
miles  S.  of  London.  Lat.  50°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  0°  8'  W.  It  is 
the  terminus  of  several  railways.  The  town,  sheltered  on 
the  N.  and  N.E.  by  the  South-downs,  extends  for  3  miles 


along  the  ooacf,  fronted  by  a  sea-wall  abont  60  foot  in 
height,  which  fonns  a  magnificent  promenade,  and  occupy. 
ing  declivities  on  both  the  E.  and  W.,  with  a  central  valley, 
in  which  are  the  "  Pavilion,"  a  palace  built  in  on  Oricntiil 
style  by  George  IV.  when  Prince  of  Wales,  the  fine  church 
of  St.  Peter,  and  the  open  space  termed  the  Steyne.  It  con- 
sists almost  wholly  of  elegant  streets,  squares,  and  terraces 
built  in  a  style  equal  to  the  best  in  the  metropolis.  The 
principal  structures  are  the  suspension  chain-jiicr,  extend- 
ing 1014  feet  to  the  sea,  anotnor  pier  for  promenades,  a 
series  of  jetties  or  moles,  St.  Peter's  church,  numerous  other 
churches,  the  county  hospital,  town  hall,  theatre,  assembly- 
rooms,  various  baths,  and  many  excellent  hotels.  It  hoi 
several  large  and  well-conducted  charitable  institutions,  a 
fine  park,  and  is  the  seat  of  the  Brighton  College,  for  the 
sons  of  noblemen,  opened  in  1847.  Its  fisheries  supply 
large  quantities  of  fish  to  the  London  markets.  The  manu- 
factures are  few,  and  the  trade  mostly  local.  It  is  abun- 
dantly supplied  with  water,  and  well  drained  and  lighted. 
Brighton  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons.  In 
the  time  of  George  II.  it  was  a  mere  fishing-village,  and  it 
owed  its  rise  to  the  partiality  displayed  for  it  by  George  IV., 
since  whose  day  it  lias  been  the  most  fashionable  watering- 
place  in  England.     Pop.  in  1801,  73.'?9;  in  1891,  115,402. 

Brighton,  bri't^n,  a  post-village  of  Sacramento  co., 
Cal.,  on  the  American  River,  6  miles  by  rail  B.  of  Sacra- 
mento City.  It  has  a  distillery  of  brandy.  Pop.  of 
Brighton  township,  909. 

Brighton,  a  post-town  of  Arapahoe  co.,  Col.,  at  a  rail- 
way junction,  19  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Denver.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  bank,  a  variety  of  stores  and  other  businesi 
places,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  600. 

Brighton,  a  post-village  of  Macoupin  co..  III.,  on  2 
railroads,  H  miles  N.  of  Alton.  It  has  a  bank,  7  churches, 
a  graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  and  manufactures  of  farming- 
implements.  One  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here. 
Pop.  about  900. 

Brighton,  a  post-office  of  La  Grange  co.,  Ind.,  is  at 
the  village  of  Lexington. 

Brighton,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  617. 
It  contains  Marne. 

Brighton,  a  city  of  Washington  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Southwestern  division  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  k 
Pacific,  the  Burlington  <fe  Western,  and  the  Iowa  Central 
Railroads,  61  miles  W.S.W.  of  Muscatine,  and  15  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Fairfield.  It  is  1  mile  S.  of  Skunk  River.  It 
has  6  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  creamery,  brick-  and  tile-works,  saw-  and  flour- 
mills,  and  stone-ouarries.     Pop.  861. 

Brighton,  a  namlet  of  Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  is  in  Deer- 
ing  township,  H  miles  W.  of  Portland.  Here  are  a  few 
shops  and  dwellings,  and  the  Deering  town  house. 

Brighton,  a  post-township  of  Somerset  co..  Me.,  about 
56  miles  N.  of  Augusta,  and  20  miles  from  Skowhegan.  It 
has  an  axe-factory  and  a  church.     Pop.  627. 

Brighton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md.,  near 
the  Patuxent  River,  about  25  miles  W.S.W.  of  Baltimore. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Brighton,  a  post- village  of  Suffolk  co.,  Mass.,  on  Charles 
River,  and  on  the  Boston  <fc  Albany  Railroad,  5  miles  W. 
of  Boston.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Grand  Junction  Rail- 
road to  East  Boston.  It  has  2  national  banks,  7  churches,  10 
hotels,  an  abattoir,  and  an  important  cattle-market.  One 
weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.  Brighton  Post-Office 
is  a  branch  of  Boston  Post-Office.  Pop.  of  the  township  in 
1870,  4967.  In  1874  it  became  a  portion  of  Boston,  and  is 
now  the  25th  ward  of  that  city. 

Brighton,  a  post-village  of  Livingston  co.,  Mich.,  on 
Ore  Creek,  in  Brighton  township,  and  on  the  Detroit,  Lan. 
sing  &  Lake  Michigan  Railroad,  43  miles  W.N.W.  of  De- 
troit, and  42  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lansing.  It  has  a  biink,  4 
churches,  a  high  school,  a  money-order  post-office,  a  foundry, 
a  flour-mill,  2  carriage-factories,  <fec.  Two  weekly  news- 
papers and  a  monthly  journal  are  published  here.  Pop. 
about  900;  of  the  township.  1737. 

Brighton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  Mo.,  about  20 
miles  N.  of  Springfield. 

Brighton,  a  hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  1  mile  W.  from 
Andover.     It  has  a  cheese-factory. 

Brighton,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  N.Y.,  in  the 
Adirondacks.     Pop.  247. 

Brighton,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Brighton  township,  on  the  Erie  Canal,  and  the  New  York 
Central  Railroad,  4  miles  E.S.E.  of  Rochester  Station.  In 
1874  a  portion  of  the  township  was  annexed  to  the  city  of 
Rochester.  Pop.  of  township  in  1880,  3736;  in  1890, 
4533.     Pop.  of  village  in  1890,  705. 


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Brighton,  a  hamlet  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  2  miles  from 
Richfield  Springs.     It  has  a  church. 

Brighton,  a  village  of  Cuyahrga  co.,  0.,  in  Brooklyn 
township,  4  miles  from  Clevelana.  It  has  3  churches,  2 
tanneries,  Ac.  It  is  separated  by  a  small  creek  from 
the  village  of  Brooklyn. 

Brighton,  a  station  within  the  limits  of  Cincinnati, 
0.,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Dayton,  the  Marietta  <fc 
Cincinnati,  and  the  Cleveland,  Columbus  &  Cincinnati  Rail- 
roads, 3  miles  from  the  initial  station  in  Cincinnati  of  the 
last-named  road. 

Brighton,  a  post-township  of  Lorain  co.,  0.,  about  40 
miles  S.W.  of  Cleveland.     Pop.  508. 

Brighton,  a  township  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.  Pop.  844. 
exclusive  of  the  boroughs  of  Beaver  and  Bridgewater. 

Brighton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hampton  co.,S.C.,  about  44 
miles  N.  of  Savannah,  Ga.     It  has  a  church. 

Brighton,  a  station  in  Lincoln  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Win- 
chester &  Alabama  Railroad,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Fayetteville. 

Brighton,  a  post-village  of  Tipton  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Paducah  <fc  Memphis  Railroad,  30  miles  N.  of  Memphis. 
Jt  has  a  church,  a  steam  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  a  carriage- 
ihop,  and  a  steam  cotton-gin. 

Brighton,  a  township  of  Essex  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Grand 
-Trunk  Railroad.  Pop.  1535.  It  contains  the  village  of 
Island  Pond. 

.  Brighton,  a  post-township  of  Kenosha  co..  Wis.,  about 
20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Racino.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  1066. 
;    Brighton,  a  township  of  Marathon  co..  Wis.    Pop.  582. 

Brighton,  a  port  of  entry  in  Northumberland  co.,  On- 
tario, on  Presqu'ile  Harbor,  Lake  Ontario,  92  miles  by  rail 
E.N.E.  of  Toronto.  It  has  several  saw-mills,  a  plaster- 
mill,  grist-mills,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  1357. 

Brighton,  Nova  Scotia.  See  Head  op  St.  Mart's  Bat. 

Brighton,  a  town  of  Bourko  co.,  Victoria,  Australia, 
on  Port  Phillip  Bay,  8  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Melbourne.  It  is 
a  bathing-place.     Pop.  3059. 

.  Brighton  Park,  a  station  in  Cook  co..  111.,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad.    See  Factokyville. 

Bright's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Miss.,  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Carrollton.     It  has  2  stores. 

Bright's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  N.C. 

Bright  Star,  a  post-hamlet  of  Miller  co.,  Ark.,  12  miles 
S.E.  from  Lanark,  Tex. 

Brights'ville,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Marl- 
borough CO.,  S.C.,  9  miles  S.W.  from  Laurel  Hill,  N.C.  It 
has  2  churches  and  an  academy.     Pop.  857. 

Bright'water,  a  post-village  of  Benton  co..  Ark.,  10 
miles  N.B.  of  Bentonville.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  125. 

Bright'wood,  a  post-village  of  the  District  of  Co- 
lumbia, near  the  Metropolitan  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  A, 
/)hio  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Washington.  It  has  a 
church,  a  public  hall,  a  superior  hotel,  and  several  stores. 
Its  post-office  is  one  mile  from  Brightwood  Station. 

Brightwood,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Cleveland,  Columbus,  Cincinnati  <fc  Indianapolis  Railroad, 
4i  miles  N.E.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  stove-foundry,  manufactures  of  organs  and  school- 
furniture,  and  large  car-shops  of  the  railroad  company. 

Brightwood,  a  post-village  of  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  on 
the  Connecticut  River  Railroad,  li  miles  N.  of  Springfield 
Railroad  Station,  is  the  N.  suburb  of  the  city  of  Springfield. 
Here  are  manufactures  of  cars,  axles,  and  brass  goods. 

Brignais,  breen^yA.',  a  town  of  France,  in  Rhdne,  7 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Lyons,  on  the  Garon.     Pop.  1953. 

Brignano,  breen-yi'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  10  miles  S. 
of  Bergamo.     Pop.  2958. 

Brignoles,  breen^yol'  or  breen'y61',  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  Var,  in  a  fine  valley,  25  miles  W.S.AV.  of 
Draguignan.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  several  fine  squares, 
a  divinity  school,  a  normal  school,  manufactures  of  silk  and 
leather,  and  trade  in  wines,  brandy,  liqueurs,  olives,  and 
prunes.     Pop.  5376. 

Bri'gus,  a  port  of  entry,  capital  of  the  district  of 
Brigus,  Newfoundland,  on  Conception  Bay,  38  miles  N.W. 
of  St.  John's.  Its  harbor  is  small,  but  safe.  The  inhab- 
hants  are  chiefly  engaged  in  the  cod-fishery.     Pop.  2000. 

Brihucga,  bre-wi'gl,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile, 
20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Guadalajara,  on  the  Tajuna.  It  has 
manufactures  of  linen  and  woollen  fabrics.  Here,  in  1710, 
the  French,  under  the  Duke  de  Vend3me,  defeated  the  Al- 
lies under  Lord  Stanhope.     Pop.  4578. 

Bri'ley's  Brook,  or  Chis'holm,  a  post-village  in 
Antigonish  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  4  miles  from  Antigonish. 
Pop.  250. 

Brilliant,  brll'yant,  a  post-village  of  Jefierson  CO.,  0., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  6  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Steabeaville. 


Brilliant,  bril'yant,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Brillion,  bril'yun,  a  post-village  of  Calumet  co..  Wis., 
in  Brillion  township,  on  the  Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore  & 
Western  Railroad,  20  miles  E.  of  Appleton.  It  has  2 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  lime  and  lumber.  The  town- 
ship is  intersected  by  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  and 
contains  Forest  Junction.     Pop.  1173. 

Brill's  Junction,  a  station  in  Hudson  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Newark  &  New  York  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  New 
York,  and  on  the  Newark  <fc  Elizabeth  Branch  Railroad. 

Brilon,  bree'lon,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  22 
miles  E.  of  Arnsberg.     Pop.  4519. 

Brim'field,  a  post-village  of  Peoria  co.,  111.,  in  Brim- 
field  township,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy 
Railroad,  33  miles  B.S.E.  of  Galesburg,  and  about  18  miles 
(direct)  N.W.  of  Peoria.  It  has  6  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  &o.  Pop.  about 
650  ;  of  the  township,  1547. 

Brimfield,  a  post-village  of  Noble  co.,  Ind.,  in  Orange 
township,  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Rail- 
road, 25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Goshen,  and  98  miles  W.  of  Toledo, 
0.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  a  saw-mill,  2  carriage- 
shops,  and  6  stores.     Pop.  about  450. 

Brimfield,  a  post-village  of  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Brimfield  township,  on  the  Chicopee  River,  6  miles  S.E.  of 
Brimfield  Station  on  the  Boston  A  Albany  Railroad.  This 
station  is  at  West  Brimfield  (which  see).  Brimfield  has  a 
free  high  school,  liberally  endowed.  The  township  has  4 
churches  and  a  pop.  (1890)  of  1096. 

Brimiield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Portage  co.,  0.,  in  Brim- 
field township,  about  10  miles  E.  by  N.  from  Akron.  The 
township  has  3  churches  and  a  poj>.  of  913. 

Brindiok,  brinMe-ok',  or  Blitar,  blee'tar',  a  town  of 
Java,  70  miles  S.AV.  of  Soerabaya. 

Brindisi,  brin'de-se  or  breen'de-se  (Gr.  Bpevrda^iov, 
Brentesion  ;  Lat.  Brundi' aium  or  Brundu'sium),  a  city  and 
seaport  of  Italy,  province  of  Lecce,  at  the  head  of  a  bay 
in  the  Adriatic,  45  miles  E.N.E.  of  Taranto.  It  was  an- 
ciently one  of  the  most  important  maritime  cities  of  Italy, 
and  its  chief  port  for  communication  with  Greece.  It  had 
become  an  insignificant  town,  but  of  late  it  is  recovering 
much  of  its  ancient  importance.  Its  port  has  been  cleared 
of  silt,  and  new  moles,  quays,  and  docks  have  been  con- 
structed ;  it  has  become  an  important  railway  terminus,  and 
steamers  ply  hence  to  the  chief  ports  of  the  Levant.  It  is 
an  archbishop's  see.     Pop.  13,755. 

Brin'dletOAvn,  a  hamlet  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  in  Plum- 
stead  township,  3  miles  S.  of  New  Egypt.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  lumber-mill,  and  is  near  the  head  of  C/osswick  Creek. 
In  the  vicinity  are  many  cranberry  plantations,  also  a  fine 
pond  or  lake. 

Brindletown,  a  post-office  of  Burke  co.,  N.C. 

Bring'hurst,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Monroe  township,  on  the  Logansport,  Crawfordsville  &  South- 
western Railroad,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Logansport.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  brick-yard,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Bringle's  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Davidson  co.,  N.C. 

Brinjeveram,  a  town  of  India.     See  Viuanchipoora. 

Brink'er,  a  station  in  Butler  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Western 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Butler. 

Brmk'erton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarion  co.,  Pa.,  10 
miles  S.  of  Clarion. 

Brink  Ha'ven,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  0.,  19  miles 
by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Mount  Vernon.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  600. 

Brink'land,  a  post-office  of  Bladen  co.,  N.C. 

Brink'ley,  a  post-town  of  Monroe  co..  Ark.,  at  the 
junction  of  4  railroads,  65  miles  E.  of  Little  Rock,  and  70 
miles  W.  of  Memphis,  Tenn.  It  has  7  churches  (4  white, 
3  colored),  a  bank,  extensive  manufactures  of  wood  prod- 
ucts, an  oil-mill,  a  cotton-gin,  public  and  private  schools, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  1950. 

Brink'ley's,  a  station  in  Brunswick  co.,  N.C,  on  the 
Wilmington,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  18  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  Wilmington.     Here  is  Robeson  Post-Office. 

Brink'leyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Halifax  co.,  N.C,  15 
miles  N.W.  from  Enfield.  It  has  a  church  and  a  steam 
grist-mill. 

Brin'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Preble  co.,  0.,  on  the  Dayton 
&  Western  Railroad,  32  miles  W.N.W.  of  Dayton. 

Brins'ley,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  4 
miles  from  Ailsa  Craig,  Pop.  100. 

Brin'sonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burke  co.,  Qa.,  at 
Cushingville  Station  on  the  Central  Railroad,  4  miles  west 
of  Millen. 

Brin'ton,  a  post-oflSce  and  station  of  Alleghany  co., 


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Pa.,  on  tho  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  and  on  the  PitUburg  & 
Conneilivillo  Ilailroad,  12  miles  E.S.G.  of  Pittsburg.  Here 
ia  a  inanufaotory  of  steel  rails. 

Brinton,  a  post-villago  of  Suit  Lake  co.,  Utah,  7  miles 
B.E.  from  8iilt  Liiko  City. 

Uriocum,  tho  supposed  ancient  name  of  SAiNT-BRiKnc. 

UrioneSf  bro-o'nds,  a  town  of  Spain,  IS  miles  W.N.W. 
of  I^ogroiiu,  on  the  Kbro.     Pod.  3233. 

Urioiii  (bre-o'nce)  Islanas,  a  group  of  small  islands 
in  tho  Ailri.-itic,  on  the  const  of  Istria. 

BriunnC)  bre-onn'  (anc.  lirio'nia),  a  town  of  France, 
in  Euro,  15  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Bemay.     Pup.  .Sd50. 

Urioiidc,  bro-ood'  (ano.  Briva'Ui),  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  Haute- Loire,  on  the  Allier,  60  miles  by  rail 
N.W.  of  Le  Puy.  It  has  a  church  in  the  Byzantine  style, 
a  communal  college,  and  a  public  library.     Pop.  457C. 

Uriovcra,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  SAiNT-Ld. 

Urisnch,  a  town  of  Germany.     See  Brkibach. 

UrisbnnC)  briz'bain,  a  town  of  Australia,  capital  of 
Queensland,  on  the  navigable  river  Brisbane,  25  miles  from 
its  mouth.  It  is  the  centre  of  tho  colonial  railway  system, 
has  fine  publiobuildings,  a  botanic  garden,  tlourishiiig  manu- 
factures, and  is  the  seat  of  Anglican  and  Catholic  bishops. 
It  exports  bides,  wool,  and  cutton.  Pop.  in  ISm,  5225; 
in  1871,  19,413;  in  1891,  48,738,  or,  with  suburbs,  101,554. 

Brisbaue  River,  in  Australia,  Queensland,  enters 
Moroton  Bay  near  lat.  27°  30'  S.,  Ion.  153°  15'  E. 

Brisben,  or  Brisbin,  briz'b^n,  a  post-hamlet  of  Che- 
naugu  CO.,  K.Y.,  16  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Norwich.  It 
ha.o  a  church,  and  a  sash-  and  blind-factory. 

Brisbin,  a  post-borough  of  ClearBeld  co.,  Pa.,  15  miles 
direct  S.  of  Clearfield.     It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  1508. 

Briscoe,  bris'ko,  a  county  in  the  Panhandle  of  Texas, 
traversed  by  the  head-streams  of  the  lied  lUver.  Area, 
900  square  miles. 

Briscoe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  8  miles 
W.S.W.  from  Liberty  Falls.     It  has  2  lumber-mills. 

Briscoe  Run,  a  post-office  of  Wood  co.,  W.  Va. 

Brisen,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Bries. 

Brisighella,  bro-se-ghdri4,  a  large  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  28  miles  S.W.  of  Ravenna.  It  is  situated  in 
a  valley  watered  by  the  Lamone,  and  has  manufactures  of 
Bilk,  and  mineral  springs.     Pop.  12,281. 

Brissac,  brees^sAk',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Maine-et-Loire,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Angers.     Pop.  992. 

Brissago,  bris-si'go,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  in  Ticino, 
on  Lago  Maggiore,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Locarno.    Pop.  1298^ 

Brissarthe,  brees^saitt',  a  village  of  France,  in  Maine- 
•t-Loiro,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Angers.     Pop.  997. 

Bris'ter,  a  post-office  of  Columbia  co..  Ark. 

Bris'tersbnrg,  a  post-office  of  Fauquier  co.,  Va. 

Bristoe,  bris'to,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Prince 
William  co.,  Va.,  on  tho  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  31 
miles  W.  of  Alexandria.  General  Hooker  and  General 
Ewell  fought  a  battle  here  August  27, 1862.  Another  action 
occurred  here  October  14,  1863. 

Bristol,  bri8't9l,  a  city  of  England,  a  county  of  itself, 
but  lying  within  the  limits  of  Gloucestershire  and  Somer- 
setshire, on  the  Avon,  at  its  confluence  with  the  Frome,  8 
miles  from  Bristol  Channel,  and  118  miles  by  rail  W.  of 
London.  Several  railways  meet  here.  Bristol  is  one  of 
the  leading  British  ports  in  the  foreign  trade.  It  is  noted 
for  its  fine  public  buildings,  among  which  are  the  cathedral, 
the  guild  hall,  tho  museum  and  library,  the  exchange,  two 
colleges,  the  famous  Muller's  Orphan  House,  numerous  fine 
churches,  the  public  hospital,  and  other  charities.  Large 
ships  can  ascend  the  river  to  the  city,  where  spacious  docks, 
quays,  and  ship-yards  have  been  constructed  ;  and  at  King- 
road,  or  Avonmouth,  there  are  additional  facilities  for  un- 
loading and  freighting  ships.  It  is  the  seat  of  numerous 
Bcbools.  and  of  large  and  varied  manufactures,  prominent 
among  which  are  those  of  metallic  wares,  soap,  shoes, 
leather,  hats,  glass,  bricks,  spirits,  stays,  cottons,  and  choc- 
olate. It  is  the  fourth  town  of  Great  Britain  in  amount  of 
cnstoms  revenue.  Pop.  in  1891,  221,665.  The  name  Bris- 
tol seems  to  be  derived  from  Briestow,  an  old  Saxon  name 
of  this  city,  which  may  be  literally  translated  "breach- 
place  ;"  i.e.,  the  place  or  town  of  the  breach  or  chasm  through 
which  the  Avon  finds  a  passage  to  the  sea.  The  ancient 
British  name  was  Caer-Odor,  the  "  city  of  the  breach." 

Bris'tol,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Massachusetts, 
has  an  area  of  about  520  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.  by  Buzzard's  Bay,  and  is  drained  by  the  Taunton 
River  and  other  streams.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and 
is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  beech,  white  ash, 
hickory,  white  oak,  elm,  and  other  trees;  the  soil  produces 
bay,  potatoes,  &<i.    Several  inlets  on  the  coast  of  this  county 


afford  good  harbors,  and  many  of  the  inhabitants  are  en- 
gaged in  navigation  and  fisheries.  The  ]»rosperity  of  thii 
county  is  partly  derived  from  important  manufactures  ot 
cotton  goods,  nails,  shovels,  forged  uml  rolled  iron,  nm- 
chinery,  Ac.  It  is  intersected  by  tho  railroads  whit-h  con- 
nect Boston  with  Providence,  New  Bedford,  and  Taunton, 
Capitals,  New  Bedford  and  Taunton.  Pop.  in  1870, 102,886. 
in  1880,  139,040;  in  1890,  186,465. 

Bristol,  a  county  in  the  £.  part  of  Rhode  Island,  hits 
an  area  of  about  28  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
S.E.  by  Mount  Hope  Bay,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  Narragnnsett 
Bay,  which  afford  great  facilities  for  navigation.  It  is  in- 
tcrsected  by  the  Providence,  Warren  A  Bristol  Railroad. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  This  county  has  considerable  manufao- 
tures  of  cotton  goods,  india-rubber  and  elastic  goods,  Ao. 
Capital,  Bristol.  Pop.  in  1870,  9421;  in  1880,  11,304;  in 
1890,  11,428. 

Bristol,  a  post-office  of  Faulkner  eo..  Ark. 

Bristol,  a  station  of  Larimer  co..  Col.,  on  the  Colorado 
Central  Railroad,  15  miles  N.  of  Fort  Collins. 

Bristol,  a  post-village  of  Hartford  oo..  Conn.,  in  Bris- 
tol township,  on  the  Hartford,  Providence  A  Fishkill  Rail- 
road, 18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Hartford,  and  15  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Waterbury.  It  has  2  banks,  several  foundries  and 
mncbine-shops,  and  manufactures  of  clocks  and  water- 
wheels.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Cop. 
per  is  found  in  the  township.  Pop.  about,  3500;  of  the 
township  in  18S0,  5347;  in  1890,  7382. 

Bristol,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Liberty  co.,  Fla.,  on 
the  Appalachicola  River,  25  miles  below  Chattahoochee, 
and  about  60  miles  W.  of  Tallahassee.  It  has  a  church, 
an  academy,  and  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  200. 

Bristol,  a  post-village  of  Kendall  oo..  III.,  in  Bristol 
township,  and  on  the  N.W.  bank  of  Fox  River,  about  12 
miles  below  Aurora.  The  river  separates  it  from  Yorkville. 
It  has  2  mills,  2  churches,  and  a  high  school.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1352.     See  Bki.stol  Statio.n. 

Bristol,  a  post- village  of  Elkhart  co.,  Ind.,  is  on  the  St. 
Joseph  River,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan  Southern 
Railroad,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Elkhart,  and  10  miles  N.  of 
Goshen.  It  has  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  3  churches,  and  a 
flour-mill.     Pop.  681. 

Bristol,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  514. 

Bristol,  a  post-village  of  Worth  co.,  Iowa,  in  Bristol 
township,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Albert  Lea,  Minn.  It  has  2 
stores  and  a  wagon-factory.  Pop.  about  100  ;  of  the  town- 
ship, 650. 

Bristol,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co..  Me.,  in  Bristol 
township,  about  18  miles  E.  of  Bath,  and  3  miles  from  the 
sea.  The  township  is  a  peninsula,  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the 
ocean,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Damariscotta  River.  It  has 
manufactures  of  lumber  and  oil,  and  villages  named  Rouni 
Pond  and  Pemaquid.  Pop.  2916.  The  township  has  8 
churches,  also  5  lumber-mills. 

Bristol,  a  post-village  of  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  E.  bank  of  the  Patuxent  River,  5  miles  from  Upper 
Marlborough  Station,  and  about  18  miles  S.W.  of  Annapo- 
lis.    It  has  2  stores. 

Bristol,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Fillmore  co., 
Minn.,  about  45  miles  S.W.  of  Winona,  and  12  miles  N.  of 
Cresco,  Iowa.  It  has  2  churches  and  2  flouring-mills. 
The  township  is  drained  by  the  Upper  Iowa  River,  and 
contains  a  village  named  Granger.     Pop.  1006. 

Bristol,  a  hamlet  of  Bollinger  co.,  Mo.,  12  miles  from 
Cornwall  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church  and  a  pottery. 

Bristol,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Grafton 
CO.,  N.II.,  in  Bristol  township,  on  the  Pemigewasset  River, 
and  on  the  Bristol  Branch  of  the  Northern  Railroad,  34  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Concord.  It  has  a  high  school,  a  savings-bank, 
3  churches,  2  paper-mills,  and  manufactures  of  flannel, 
gloves,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1416. 

Bristol,  a  post-township  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.  Pop 
1597.     Bristol  Post-Office  is  at  Baptist  Hill. 

Bristol,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bladen  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  Caro- 
lina Central  Rivilroad,  at  Council  Station,  33  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Wilmington.  It  has  manufactures  of  rosin,  turpentine, 
and  wagons. 

Bristol,  a  post-township  of  Morgan  co.,  0.,  has  4 
churches.  Pop.  1469.  The  post-office  is  about  22  miles  S.E. 
of  Zanesville. 

Bristol  (Maholm  Post-Office),  a  village  of  Perry  co.,  0., 
in  Pike  township,  1  mile  from  Bristol  Station,  and  about  4 
miles  S.  of  New  Lexington.  It  has  2  churches.  Coal  ia 
mined  near  it. 

Bristol,  a  township  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.     Pop.  983. 

Bristol,  a  post-borough  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Dela- 
ware River,  nearly  opposite  Burlington,  and  on  the  New 


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>rk  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  at  the  termi- 
of  the  Delaware  Canal,  20  miles  above  Philadelphia. 

j  is  the  largest  town  in  Bucks  cc,  and  contains  7  chur&hes, 

national  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  foundry,  a  machine- 
lop,  rolling-mill,  worsted-mill,  flour-mill,  gas-works,  and 

itensive  manufactories  of  felt,   hosiery,   furniture-trim- 

ings,  and  sash  and  blinds.     Pop.  in  1890,  6553. 

Bristol,  a  port  of  entry  and  capital  of  Bristol  co.,  R.I., 
on  Narragansett  Bay,  and  on  the  Providence,  Warren 
<fe  Bristol  Railroad,  15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Providence,  and  13 
miles  N.  of  Newport.  It  is  in  Bristol  township,  which  is  a 
peninsula  surrounded  by  water  on  all  sides  except  the  north, 
and  is  separated  from  the  city  of  Fall  lliver  by  Mount  Hope 
Bay.  It  has  a  high  school,  2  national  banks,  2  savings- 
baaks,  7  churches,  a  ship-yard,  a  sugar-refinery,  2  cotton- 
mills,  and  manufactures  of  rubber  goods  employing  1000 
hands.  This  town  may  be  reached  by  the  Old  Colony  Rail- 
road via  Bristol  Ferry.  A  weekly  newspaper  is  published 
here.  Near  Bristol  is  an  eminence  called  Mount  Hope, 
which  affords  a  beautiful  view  of  the  bay.     Pop.  5478. 

Uristol,  a  post-village  of  Day  co.,  S.D.,  10  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Webster.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  public 
school,  .and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  199. 

Bristol,  a  post-village  and  railroad  terminus  of  Sul- 
livan CO.,  Tenn.,  is  on  the  boundary  between  Tennessee  and 
Virginia,  130  miles  E.N.E.  of  Knoxville,  and  15  miles  S.W. 
of  Abingdon.  It  has  15  churches,  4  banks,  graded  schools, 
2  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers,  with  manufactures  of 
woollen  and  cotton-goods,  iron,  flour,  ice,  <fcc.  Here  is  King 
College  (Presbyterian),  founded  in  1868.    Pop.  (1890)  6226. 

Bristol,  a  post-office  of  Ellis  co.,  Tex. 

Bristol,  a  beautiful  post-village  of  Addison  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Bristol  township,  on  the  New  Haven  or  Bristol  River,  about 
27  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Burlington.  It  has  3  churches,  an 
academy,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  coffins, 
ploughs,  staves,  <fec.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1365. 

Bristol,  Virginia.    See  Buistol,  Tenn.,  and  Goonsox. 

Bristol,  a  township  of  Dane  co..  Wis.     Pop.  1137. 

Bristol,  a  post-vilkge  of  Kenosha  co..  Wis.,  in  Bristol 
township,  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  12 
miles  W.  of  Kenosha.  It  haa  a  church.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
Bhip,  1137. 

Bristol,  New  Brunswick.    See  Great  Shemogue. 

Bristol,  York  co..  New  Brunswick.    See  Kingscleau. 

Bristol,  a  village  in  Queens  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  opposite 
the  town  of  Liverpool.     Pop.  150. 

Bristol,  or  Bristol  Mills,  sometimes  called  Bristol 
Corners  and  Ink'erman,  a  post-village  in  Pontiac  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  river  Ottawa,  45  miles  above  Ottawa  City. 
Pop.  200. 

Bristol  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  Alaska, 
between  Cape  Newenham  and  the  peninsula  of  Aliaska. 
Lat.  54°N.;  Ion.  160°  W. 

Bristol  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y., 
about  9  miles  S.W.  of  Canandaigua.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bristol  Channel,  an  arm  of  the  Atlantic,  entering 
between  St.  Ann's  Head  on  the  N.  and  Land's  End  on  the 
S.,  extending  into  the  S.W.  part  of  Great  Britain,  between 
Wales  and  the  S.W.  counties  of  England.  At  its  eastern 
extremity  it  terminates  in  the  estuary  of  the  Severn,  and  it 
contains  Milfordhaven,  Carmarthen  Bay,  and  Swansea  Bay 
on  the  N.,  and  Barnstaple,  Porlock,  and  Bridgewater  Bay 
on  the  S.  Its  tides  flow  rapidly,  and,  meeting  with  the  cur- 
rents of  the  Severn,  cause  the  phenomenon  called  the  bore. 

Bristol  Ferry,  a  station  in  Newport  co.,  R.I.,  on  the 
Old  Colony  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Newport.  It  is  on  the 
island  of  Rhode  Island,  and  is  connected  by  ferry  to  Bristol. 

Bristol  Springs,  formerly  Cold  Springs,  a  post- 
hamlet  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.,  in  South  Bristol  township,  1 
mile  W.  of  Canandaigua  Lake,  and  15  miles  S.  of  Canan- 
daigua.   It  has  a  grist-mill  and  2  saw-mills.   Pop.  about  100. 

Bristol  Station,  a  post- village  of  Kendall  co..  111.,  in 
Bristol  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy 
Railroad,  47  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  about  200. 

Bris'tolville,  or  Bristol,  a  post- village  of  Trumbull 
CO.,  0.,  in  Bristol  township,  on  the  Ashtabula,  Youngstown 
&  Pittsburg  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Warren.  It  has  a 
union  school,  4  churches,  and  2  cheese-factories.  The  name 
of  its  post-office  is  Bristolville. 

Bristo'ria,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  oo.,  Pa.,  9  miles 
N.E.  from  Cameron  Station,  W.  Va.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
eaw-mill,  &c. 

Bristow,  bris'to,  a  post-village  of  Butler  Co.,  Iowa,  6 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Allison.    It  has  4  church  organizations, 
a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  creamery,  <fec. 
Pop.  257. 
46 


BristOMT,  a  post-hamlet  of  Osborneco.,  Kansas,  30  miles 
N.  by  E.  from  Russell  Station.    It  has  a  church.    Pop.  100. 

Bristow,  a  small  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Louisville  and  Nashville  Railroad,  5  miles  E.N.E.  Of 
Bowling  Green.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bri»tow,  a  hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Newcastle 
<t  Franklin  Railroad,  at  Nelson  Station,  18  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Newcastle. 

Bristow,  a  post-office  of  Benton  co.,  Tenn. 

Bristow  Station,  Virginia.     See  Buistoe. 

Britain,  or  Britannia.    See  Great  Bhitain. 

Britain,  New.     See  New  Britain. 

Britannia,  bri-tan'ne-a,  a  post-village  in  Peel  co., 
Ontario,  6  miles  from  Brampton.     Pop.  100. 

Britannia  (brl-tan'ne-a)  Islands,  a  group  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  N.E.  of  New  Caledonia,  the  largest  of  which 
(Uea)  is  30  miles  in  length.  , 

Britannia  Secunda,  the  ancient  name  of  AVales.      ' 

Brit'ish  Amer'ica,  in  its  most  extended  sense,  in- 
cludes the  Dominion  of  Canada,  Labrador,  Newfoundland, 
the  Bermudas,  Balize,  the  British  West  India  islands,  British 
Guiana,  and  the  Falkland  Islands ;  but  in  ordinary  usage 
only  the  three  first  named  in  the  above  list  are  so  desig- 
nated. The  term  is  much  less  used  than  it  was  before  the 
formation  of  the  Canadian  Dominion. 

Brit'ish  Bur'mah,  a  country  of  the  Indo-Chinese 
peninsula,  bounded  N.  by  the  kingdom  of  Burmah,  E.  by 
Siam,  S.  by  the  Indian  Ocean,  and  W.  by  the  Indian  Oce;.n, 
the  Bay  of  Bengal,  and  the  Chittagong "division  of  Bengal. 
Area,  156,142  square  miles.  It  is  divided  into  3  commis- 
sioneriihips  or  provinces,  Araoan,  Pegu,  and  Tenasserim,  and 
is  traversed  by  the  rivers  Irawaddy,  Salwin,  and  many  other 
navigable  streams.  Rice,  sesamum,  cotton,  and  teak  are 
leading  products.  Tin  and  coal  are  found  in  Tenasserim, 
and  petroleum  has  for  many  years  been  procured  near  Ran- 
goon. The  prominent  race  is  the  Burmese;  but  the  Talaings 
or  Peguans,  and  several  tribes  of  Karens,  are  numerous. 
Many  of  the  latter  have  become  Christians.  The  prevailing 
religion  is  Booddhism.  Chief  towns,  Rangoon,  Maulmain, 
and  Bassein.     Pop.  in  1881,  3,736,771;  in  1891,  7,554,410. 

British  Channel.     See  English  Channel. 

Brit'ish  Colnm'bia,  a  province  of  the  Dominion  of 
Canada,  on  the  Pacific  coast  of  North  America,  extending 
from  the  Rocky  Mountains  westward,  bounded  S.  by  the 
United  States,  and  limited  on  the  N.  by  the  60th  degree 
of  N.  lat.  At  the  head  of  Smoky  River,  about  lat.  54°  40' 
N.,  its  E.  boundary  leaves  the  Rocky  Mountain  crest,  and 
follows  the  meridian  of  120°  AV.  Ion.  northward.  Area, 
383,300  square  miles.  It  includes  Vancouver,  Queen 
Charlotte's,  and  many  minor  islands.  A  large  part  of  its 
surface  is  mountainous  and  densely  timbered.  Gold-mining 
has  thus  far  been  a  leading  pursuit.  Tertiary  anthracite 
and  bituminous  coal  are  abundant,  and  are  exported  to 
some  extent.  Timber,  furs,  fish,  and  fish  oil  are  the  other 
principal  products.  There  are  considerable  tracts  of  arable 
land ;  and  in  the  S.W.,  where  the  principal  settlements  are, 
the  climate  is  mild  in  winter  and  cool  in  summer.  The 
rainfall  is  large.  Chief  towns.  New  AVestminster,  and  Vic- 
toria, the  capital.  The  colony  has  its  own  legislature  and 
government,  and  sends  three  senators  and  six  members  of 
the  house  of  commons  to  the  parliament  of  Canada.  Pop. 
in  1881  49,459;  in  1891,  92,767. 

Brit'ish  Com'bo,  a  territory  in  the  British  colony  of 
Gambia,  West  Africa,  adjacent  to  the  town  of  Bathurst.  It 
is  a  part  of  the  peninsula  between  the  sea  and  the  estuary 
of  the  river  Gambia. 

British  Empire.    See  Great  Britain. 

British  Guiana,  ghe-i'ni,  a  territory  on  the  N.  coast 
of  South  America,  belonging  to  Great  Britain,  and  consid- 
ered to  extend  from  the  mouth  of  the  Orinoco,  8°  45'  N.  lat., 
as  far  southward  as  0°  40'  N.  lat.,  and  from  57°  to  61°  AV. 
Ion.,  having  E.  Dutch  Guiana,  S.  Brazil,  .and  AV.  Venezuela. 
Area,  85,422  square  miles ;  but  the  possession  of  much  of 
this  has  been  disputed  by  Brazil  and  Venezuela.  The  sur- 
face of  the  country  near  the  ocean  is  a  rich  alluvial  flat, 
extending  in  mud  banks  into  the  sea,  and  inland  from  10 
to  40  miles,  then  ascending  by  successive  terraces  to  the 
Sierras  Pacaraima  and  Acarai,  on  the  S.AV.  and  S.  frontiers  ; 
while  near  the  AV^.  boundary  Mount  Roraima  rises  to  an  ele- 
vation of  7500  feet.  The  principal  rivers  are  the  Essequibo, 
Demerara,  Berbice,  and  Corentyn,  the  last  forming  its  E. 
border.  On  the  low  grounds  the  climate  is  unhealthy. 
Dense  forests  clothe  the  interior.  There  are  two  rainy 
seasons  on  the  coast, — the  greater,  from  December  to  Feb- 
ruary, followed  by  a  lesser  till  April,  when  the  great  rains 
prevail  again  from  May  till  the  end  of  July.  In  the  inte- 
rior there  is  only  one  rainy  season, — from  April  till  the  mid- 


BRI 


Hi 


BBO 


die  of  August.  The  temperature  ranges  from  75°  to  00° ; 
mean  temuerature  of  the  year,  81°  Fahr.  The  prevailing 
wind  is  ^.E.,  changing  in  the  rainy  season  to  W.  The 
vegetation  is  luxuriant.  Kiue,  sugar-cane,  maize,  wheat, 
oaeao,  vanilla,  tubnoco,  and  cinnamon  arc  raised.  The  ex- 
ports chiefly  oon:ii(>t  of  sugar,  rum,  molasses,  timber,  shin- 
gles, and  cotton, — considerably  more  than  half  of  which  are 
sent  to  Great  Britain.  The  iinuort.s  are  cottons,  casks,  ma- 
ehinery,  beer  and  alo,  butter,  iron,  rice,  &o.  The  govern- 
ment is  vested  in  a  governor,  council,  and  the  orders  of  the 
sovereign  in  council.  The  colony  is  divided  into  the  coun- 
ties of  Domcrnra,  Uurbiuo,  and  Eisscquibo.  Chief  towns, 
Q«orgetown  the  capital,  and  New  Amsterdam.  The  African 
negroes  are  much  more  numerous  than  the  Europeans.  The 
aboriginal  Indians  are  estimated  at  70U0.  During  1870, 
62,698  emigrants  arri veil  here  from  Great  Britain,  and  many 
laborers  have  been  brought  from  the  East  Indies,  Madeira, 
China,  *c.     Pop.  in  1881,  252,186;  in  1891,  284,887. 

Brit'ish  IloI'low,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co..  Wis., 
in  Potosi  township,  about  12  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Platieville. 
It  has  a  church. 

British  Honduras,  Central  America.    See  Balize. 

British  India.    Sco  India. 

British  Sound,  Mudngascar.    See  Diego  Saurirz. 

Britt,  a  post-town  of  Hancock  co.,  Iowa,  21  miles  by 
rail  £.  of  Aigona.  It  contains  3  churches,  2  banks,  a 
creamery,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  700. 

Brittain,  brit't'n,  a  post-office  of  Kutherford  co.,  N.C. 

Brittany,  a  province  of  France.    See  Bretaone. 

Brittnau,  britt'now,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
of  Aargau,  2  miles  S.  of  Zuflngen.     Pop.  2382. 

Britton,  Indiana.    See  New  Britton. 

Brit'ton,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Marshall  co.,  S.D.,  28 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Andover.  It  contains  4  churches,  3 
banks,  and  extensive  flour-  and  feed-mills.  Two  news- 
papers nre  published  here.     Pop.  614. 

Brit'ton's  Neck,  a  post-township  of  Marion  co.,  S.C, 
on  the  Great  Pedee  River,  22  miles  S.  of  Marion  Court- 
Ilouse.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  884. 

Britt's  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Tennessee  lliver. 

Brittsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Meigs  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Hiawassee  River,  35  miles  N.E.  of  Chattanooga.  It  has  2 
churches.  4 

Brivata,  the  ancient  name  of  Briocde. 

Briv6,  bree'vi,',  a  river  of  France,  in  Loire-Inf6rieure, 
joins  the  Loire  above  St.-Nazaire.     Length,  30  miles. 

Brives-ia-Gaillarde,  breev-li-gih^yard',  a  town  of 
France,  department  of  Corrfize,  at  a  railway  junction,  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Tulle.  It  is  built  of  stone,  enclosed  by  planted 
boulevards,  and  has  a  communal  college,  manufactures  of 
woollens,  muslins,  silk,  handkerchiefs,  and  cotton  yarn, 
with  bleaching-works,  distilleries,  and  an  active  trade  in 
brandy,  wine,  chestnuts,  cattle,  and  truffles.     Pop.  8417. 

Briviesca,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Bribiesca. 

Brivio,  bree've-o,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  Adda,  22 
miles  N.E.  of  Milan.     Pop.  2092. 

Brivodnrnm,  the  ancient  name  of  Briare. 

Brix,  breex,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Manche, 
6.J  miles  N.W.  of  Valognes.     Pop.  2289. 

Brix,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  BrI^x. 

Brixellum,  the  ancient  name  of  Brescello. 

Brixen,  brix-?n  (It.  Bressanone,  brSs-si-no'nA),  a  for- 
tified town  of  Tyrol,  S.  of  the  Alps,  40  miles  by  rail  S.S.E. 
of  Innspruek,  on  the  route  by  the  Brenner  Pass.  It  has  a 
cathedral,  a  bishop's  palace,  several  public  schools,  and  near 
it  are  some  iron-  and  steel-works.     Pop.  4349. 

Brixham,  brix'am,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Devon, 
on  the  S.W.  side  of  Torbay,  30  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Exeter. 
It  has  an  ancient  church,  large  schools,  a  good  harbor,  and 
vessels  employed  in  the  coasting-trade,  besides  numerous 
ttoats  engaged  in  fisheries.     Pop.  4941. 

Brixia,  the  ancient  name  of  Brescia. 

Brizina,  bre-zee'n&,  or  Berizina,  bdr-e-zee'nJl,  a 
village  of  Algeria,  in  the  Sahara,  256  miles  S.W.  of  Algiers. 
It  contains  ahoat  50  houses,  begirt  with  a  wall. 

B'rni,  a  town  of  Borneo.    See  Borneo  (town). 

Brno,  a  city  of  Austria.    See  BrUnn. 

Broach,  a  city  and  territory  of  India.    See  Baroach. 

Broadnlbin,  brawd  il'bin,  a  post-borough  of  Fulton 
CO.,  N.Y.  It  has  5  churches,  manufactures  of  knit  under- 
wear, gloves,  Ac,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  2021. 

Broad  Axe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.  li 
milos  from  Ambler  Kiiilroad  Station. 

Broad  Bay,  of  Scotland,  is  situated  on  the  N.E.  side 
of  the  island  of  Lewis.  Length,  7  miles;  breadth,  from 
8  to  4  miles.     Lat.  68°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  6°  10'  W. 


Broad  Bay,  a  township  of  Forsyth  co.,  N.C.   Pop.  993. 

Broad  Brook,  a  post- village  of  Hartford  co.,  Conn., 
in  East  Windsor  township,  near  Scantic  River,  and  on  tho 
Connecticut  Central  Railroad,  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Hartford 
It  has  3  churches,  a  woollen-mill,  Ac. 

Broad  Cove,  a  village  in  INgby  oo.,  Nova  Scotia,  on 
Digby  Nock,  near  St.  Mary's  Bay,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Digby. 
Pop.  200. 

Broad  Cove,  or  Cherry  Hill,  a  post-village  in 
Lunenburg  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  sea -coast,  20  miles  S.W 
of  Lunenburg.     Pop.  300. 

Broad  Cove  Intervale,  a  post-village  in  InvcmeM 
CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  Cape  Breton  Island,  10  miles  N.E.  of 
Mabou.     Pop.  250. 

Broad  Cove  Marsh,  a  post-village  in  Inverness  co.. 
Nova  Scotia,  on  Cape  Breton  Island,  and  on  the  Gulf  of 
St.  Lawrence.  20  miles  N.E.  of  Mabou.     Pop.  150. 

Broad  Creek,  a  hundred  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.  Pop. 
3480.  It  is  on  the  Delaware  Railroad,  and  contains  several 
villages. 

Broad  Creek,  a  hamlet  of  Pamlico  co.,  N.C,  28  miles 
E.  of  New-Berne.   It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Broad'ford,  a  post-town  of  Logan  co.,  Idaho,  IJ  miles 
W.  of  Bellovue.  Silver-mining  and  lead-mining  are  car- 
ried on  here.     Pop.  320. 

Broad  Ford,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Youghiogheny  River,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Washington  A 
Baltimore  Railroad  nt  the  junction  of  the  Mt.  Pleasiint 
&  Broad  Ford  Railroad,  65  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pittsburg,  and  2 
miles  N.W.  of  Connellsville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  di:jtillery, 
<!tc.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Broadford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smythe  co.,  Va.,  in  a  fine 
blue-grass  region,  6  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Saltville.  Fine 
beds  of  gypsum  abound  in  the  valleys,  and  iron  ore  is  found 
in  the  mountains  near  by. 

Broad^brd'ing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
Md.,  6  miles  from  Hagerstown.  It  has  1  or  2  churches,  a 
flouring-mill,  and  several  store?. 

Broadha'gen,  or  Brodha'gen,  a  post-village  in 
Perth  CO.,  Ontario,  5  miles  from  Carronbrook.  It  has  a 
saw-mill,  a  flax-mill,  a  rope-factory,  a  soap-  and  cundle- 
factory,  and  a  weekly  newspaper.     Pop.  200. 

Broad'haven,  a  small  bay  on  the  W.  coast  of  Ireland, 
CO.  of  Mayo,  between  Benwee  and  Errishead,  1 1  miles  N.W, 
of  Bangor. 

Broadkiln,  brnwd'kil,  a  hundred  of  Sussex  co.,  Del., 
on  Delaware  Bay.     Pop.  2419. 

Broad'lands,  a  post-village  of  Champaign  co..  III., 
18  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Tuscola.  It  has  several  stores  and 
other  business  concerns. 

Broad  Mountain,  Pennsylvania,  is  a  ridge  which  ex- 
tends through  Schuylkill  co.  It  is  the  northern  boundary 
of  the  Pottsville  coal  basin,  which  it  separates  from  the  Ma- 
hanoy  basin.  It  is  about  5  miles  wide,  and  has  a  brood, 
flat  top.  Rich  mines  of  anthracite  coal  have  been  opened 
in  its  sides  or  at  its  base.  The  western  part  or  extension 
of  this  ridge  is  called  Locust  Mountain. 

Broad  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa., 
is  at  New  Castle,  7  miles  N.  of  Pottsville. 

Broad  Mouth  Creek  flows  into  Saluda  River,  near 
the  northern  extremity  of  Abbeville  co.,  S.C. 

Broad  Rip'ple,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Tnd.,  on 
White  River,  about  9  miles  N.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Broad  River  rises  in  the  Blue  Ridge,  in  North  Caro- 
lina, nnd  drains  parts  of  Rutherford  and  Cleveland  coa.  in 
that  state.  Passing  into  South  Carolina,  it  runs  in  a  S.S.E. 
direction,  and  forms  the  boundary  between  York,  Chester, 
and  Fairfield  cos.  on  the  E..  and  Union,  Newberry,  ami  Lex- 
ington on  tho  W.  It  unites  with  the  Saluda  at  Columbia 
to  form  the  Congaree  River.  Length  estimated  at  220 
miles. 

Broad  River,  of  Georgia,  rises  in  the  N.E.  part  of  tho 
state,  runs  southeastward,  drains  Franklin  and  Madison 
cos.,  and  enters  the  Savannah  River  at  the  N.  end  of  Lin- 
coln CO. 

Broad  River,  a  township  of  McDowell  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  399. 

Broad  River,  a  township  of  Lexington  co.,  S.t. 
Pop.  1116. 

Broad  River,  a  township  of  York  co.,  S.C.   Pop.  14oo. 

Broad  River,  a  small  village  in  Queens  co.,  NdVa 
Scotia,  8  miles  from  Liverpool.     Pop.  130. 

Broad  Run,  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va.,  flows  northward,  and 
enters  the  Potomac  10  miles  S.E.  of  Leesburg. 

Broad  Run,  a  small  stream  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Vir- 
ginia, rises  in  Fauquier  co.,  flows  southeastward,  and  unites 


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with  Cedar  Run  to  form  the  Occoquan  River,  about  1  mile 
melow  Brentsville.  It  is  a  valuable  mill-stream. 
I  Broad  Run,  a  post-office  of  Frederick  co.,  Md. 
I'  Broad  Run,  a  station  in  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Wil- 
mington &  Western  Railroad,  18  miles  AV.  of  Wilmington. 
I  Broad  Run  Station,  a  post-office  of  Fauquier  co., 
jVa.,  on  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  43  miles  W.  of  Alex- 
^undria.     It  has  2  churches. 

j    Broad  Shoals    a  post-office  of  Floyd  co.,  Va. 
'    Broad  Sound,  an  inlet  on  the  E.  coast  of  Australia, 
!in  lat.  22°  30'  S.    Length,  50  miles;  breadth,  22  miles. 

Broad'stairs  (formerly  Bradstowe),  a  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  Kent,  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  Isle  of  Thanet,  2 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Ramsgate.     Pop.  1926. 
I    Broad  Top,  a  township  of  Bedford  co..  Pa.     It  in- 
'cludes  Coaldale.     Pop.  1626. 

Broad  Top,  a  post-borough  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.,  is 
;on  or  near  the  mountain  of  the  same  name,  on  the  East 
•Broad  Top  Railroad,  and  near  the  Huntingdon  <fc  Broad 
Top  Railroad,  32  miles  S.  of  Huntingdon.  Coal  is  mined 
'here.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  327. 

(  Broad  Top  Mountain,  Pennsylvania,  is  in  the  N.E. 
ipart  of  Bedford  co.  and  S.W.  part  of  Huntingdon.  Here 
[are  mines  of  good  coal  which  contains  about  75  per  cent, 
[of  fixed  carbon.  The  Broad  Top  coal  region  is  an  isolated 
coal-field,  and  has  an  area  of  80  square  miles.     The  coal  is 

i'gent  to  market  by  the  Huntingdon  &  Broad  Top  Railroad. 
Broadview',  a  post-office  of  Saline  co.,  Kansas. 
Broad'way,  a  station  in  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
ISaugus  Branch  of  the  Eastern  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of 
Boston. 

■  Broadway,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
i  Morris  Canal  and  Pohatcong  Creek,  and  on  the  Morris  & 
>  Essex  Railroad,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Easton,  Pa.  It  has  a 
•  church  and  a  woollen-mill. 

I     Broadway,  a  station  in  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Long 
f  Island  Railroad,  2  miles  B.  of  Flushing. 
!      Broadway,  a  post-office  of  Moore  co.,  N.C. 
I     Broadway,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  0.,  on  the  At- 
'  lantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Urbana. 
It  has  a  church. 
Broadway,  township,  Anderson  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1378. 
Broadway,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co.,  Va.,  on 
J  the  railroad  which  connects  Staunton  with  Winchester,  38 
I  miles  N.N.E.  of  Staunton.     It  has  3  churches,  a  graded 
f  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  with  manufactures  of  pottery, 
(  tanner's  bark,  machinery,  brooms,  <fec.     Pop.  600. 
1      Broad'well,  a  post-village  of  Logan  co..  111.,  21  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Springfield,  and  7  miles  S.W.  of  Lincoln. 
I  It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  194;  of  the  township,  920. 
I      Broadwell,  a  station  on  the   Cincinnati  &  Eastern 
I  Railroad,  13  miles  E.  by  N.  from  Cincinnati,  0. 
!      Brock,  a  post-town  of   Nemaha  co.,  Neb.,  about  15 
j  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Auburn.      It  has  3  churches  and 

several  stores.     Pop.  200. 
I      Brock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Darke  co.,  0.,  in  York  town- 
]  Bhip,  about  20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Piqua.     It  has  2  churches. 
'      Ilrock,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co..  Pa. 

Brocken,  brok'ken,  or  Blocksberg,  bloks'bfinc,  a 
I  mountain  of  Prussia,  province  of  Saxony,  20  miles  W.S.W. 
i  of  Halberstadt,  in  the  Harz  Mountains,  of  which  it  is  the 
'  culminating  point,  3740  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 
'  This  mountain  is  the  scene  of  the  optical  -phenomenon 
I  called  the  *'  Spectre  of  the  Brocken." 
j  Brock'ett's  Bridge,  a  post-hamletof  Fulton  CO.,  N.Y., 
j  8  miles  N.E.  from  Little  Falls.  It  has  2  churches. 
I  Brockhagcn,  brok^hi'Ghen,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in 
j  Westphalia,  32  miles  S.W.  of  Minden.  Pop.  1898. 
I  Brock'port,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
I  Sweden  township,  on  the  Erie  Canal,  and  on  the  New  York 
I  Central  Railroad,  17  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Rochester,  and  39 
miles  E.  of  Lockport.  It  contains  8  churches,  a  state  nor- 
[  mal  school,  founded  in  1866,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank, 
t  a  manufactory  of  pumps,  several  mills,  and  a  large  manu- 
I  factory  of  reapers  and  mowers.  Two  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.     Pop.  about  4000. 

Brockport,  a  post-hamlet  of  Elk  co..  Pa.,  14  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Ridgway.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber,  fire-brick,  and  coal.  Pop.  200. 
Brock'ton,  formerly  North  Bridgewater,  a  city 
of  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  20 
miles  S.  of  Boston.  It  has  19  churches,  2  national  banks, 
1  savings-bank,  2  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers.  It  is 
almost  unrivalled  as  a  boot  and  shoe  manufacturing  centre, 
and  also  has  extensive  manufactures  of  wood  and  paper 
boxes,  shoe-tools,  rubber  goods,  electrical  supplies,  and  tacks 
»nd  nails.     Pop.  in  1890,  27,294. 


Brock'ton,  or  Lip'pincott,  a  post-village  in  York 
CO.,  Ontario,  3  miles  from  Toronto.  It  has  a  rope-factory 
and  several  stores.     Pop.  250. 

Brock'town,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co..  Ark. 

Brock'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Orleans  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie 
Canal,  J  mile  from  Murray  Station.     It  has  4  houses. 

Brockville,  a  station  in  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Schuylkill  Valley  Railroad,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Pottsville.  A 
branch  railroad  leads  hence  to  the  Brockville  coal-mines. 

Brockville,  a  post-office  of  Spottsylvania  co.,  Va.,  on 
a  railroad,  14  miles  W.  of  Fredericksburg. 

Brockville,  a  port  of  entry,  U.S.  Consulate,  and  the 
chief  town  of  the  united  counties  of  Leeds  and  Grenville, 
Ontario,  at  the  foot  of  the  Lake  of  the  Thousand  Islands, 
on  the  N.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  125  miles  S.W.  of 
Montreal.  It  is  an  important  station  on  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railway,  one  of  the  terminal  points  of  the  Canadian  Pa- 
cific Railroad,  and  the  E.  terminus  of  the  Brockville,  West- 
port  <fc  Sault  Sainte  Marie  Railroads,  and  a  port  of  call  of 
steamers  plying  on  the  St.  Lawrence.  The  streets  are  well 
laid  out,  lighted  with  gas  and  electric  light,  and  adorned 
with  numerous  handsome  buildings.  The  town  has  manu- 
factures of  stoves,  edge  tools,  agricultural  implements,  en- 
gines, boilers,  and  gloves,  a  foundry  and  machine-shop, 
several  tanneries,  fiouring-mills,  saw-mills,  <feo.  There  is 
also  a  manufactory  of  sulphuric  acid  and  superphosphate 
of  lime,  the  materials  for  which  are  found  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  town.  Two  daily  and  weekly  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished in  Brockville.  It  also  has  a  fine  collegiate  institu- 
tion and  a  business  college,  and  is  connected  by  steam  ferry 
with  Morristown,  N.Y.     Pop.  5102. 

Brock'way,  a  post-village  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Brockway  township,  6  miles  N.  of  Emmett  Railroad  Station, 
and  about  22  miles  W.N.W.  of  Port  Huron.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  tannery,  a  woollen-mill,  <fec.  The  township 
contains  a  village  named  Brockway  Centre.  Total  pop.  1670. 

Brockway,  a  post-township  of  Stearns  co.,  Minn.,  9 
miles  N.W.  from  St.  Cloud.     Pop.  568. 

Brockway  Centre,  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.    See  Yale. 

Brockway's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Piscataquis  co.j 
Me.,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Dover. 

Brock'wayville,  a  post-villnge  of  Jefferson  co..  Pa., 
in  Snyder  township,  on  a  small  aiBuent  of  Clarion  River, 
18  miles  S.  of  Ridgway.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  lumber-mills,  a  bank,  and  largo  deposits  of  fire-clay 
and  bituminous  coal.     Pop.  929. 

Brockwear,  a  village  of  England.     See  Brookswar. 

Brocomagus,  supposed  ancient  name  of  BnuMAXH. 

Broc'ton,  a  post-haralet  of  Edgar  co..  III.,  38  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Danville,  and  24  miles  N.W.  of  Paris.  It  has 
a  church,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  292. 

Brocton,  a  post- village  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  near 
Lake  Erie,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Centra], 
the  New  York,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  (station,  Brocton  Junc- 
tion), and  the  Western  New  York  &  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
roads. It  has  a  bank,  3  churches,  a  tannery,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  basket-factory,  and  is  the  centre  of  the  grape-growing 
industry  of  western  New  York.     Pop.  812. 

Brod,  or  Bohmisch  ("Bohemian")  Brod,  bo'mish 
brot,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  20  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Prague. 
Pop.  3141. 

Brod,  or  Deutsch  ("German")  Brod,  doitsh  brot, 
called  also  Nemecky-Brod,  nem-ets'ke  brod,  a  town  of 
Bohemia,  at  a  railway  junction,  60  miles  S.E.  of  Prague. 
Pop.  4987. 

Brod,  or  Slavonisch  (sll-fo'nish)  Brod,  a  town  of 
Hungary,  in  Slavonia,  on  the  Save,  .  pposito  Turkish  Brod 
Pop.  3362. 

Brod,  or  Ungarisch  ("  Hungarian")  Brod,  5on- 
gi'rish  brot,  a  town  of  Moravia,  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Hradisch. 
Pop.  3210. 

Brod,  called  also  Turkish  Brod  (Hung.  T'6rok-Brod ; 
Qer.  TUrki8ch  Brod),  a  town  of  Europe,  in  Bosnia,  on  the 
Save,  opposite  Slavonisch  Brod,  and  88  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Travnik.     Pop.  4200. 

Brod'beck's,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co..  Pa.,  IJ  miles 
from  Green  Ridge  Railroad  Station. 

Brodhagen,  Perth  co.,  Ontario.    See  Broadhagen. 

Brod'head,  a  post-village  of  Rock  Castle  co.,  Ky.,  2S 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Shelby  City.  It  has  2  churches,  sev- 
ernl  stores,  and  manufactures  of  tobacco,  Ac.     Pop.  277. 

Brodhcad,  a  station  in  Northampton  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Lehigh  <fc  Lackawanna  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Bethlehem, 

Brodhead,  a  post-village  of  Green  co..  Wis.,  in  Deca- 
tur township,  on  Sugar  River,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Chi- 
cago, Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  15  miles  E.  of  Mon- 
roe, the  capital  of  the  county,  and  34  miles  S.  of  Madisop. 


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It  has  a  hi|;h  school,  A  ohurohes,  a  n»tional  bank,  a  staara 
pinning-mill,  nnd  manufaotures  of  cnrrlagos,  ploughs,  corn- 
plnnters.ito.  Two  nowiinaporg  are  puMinhod  here.   Fop.  1461. 

Brod'head*s  Bridge,  a  stntion  in  Ulster  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Ulster  Sb  Delaware  Uiiilroad,  17  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Bondout. 

Brodhead's  Creek,  Monroo  co.,  P«.,  runs  southward, 
passes  by  Stroudsburg,  and  enters  the  Delaware  Iliver 
nearly  1  mile  nbovo  the  Water  Gap. 

Brod'headsville,  a  nost-villaj^e  of  Monroo  oo..  Pa.,  in 
Chestnut  Hill  township,  about  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Easton. 
It  has  a  church,  a  normal  school,  and  an  academy.    Pop.  654. 

Bro'dick  Bay,  a  village  in  the  island  of  Arran,  iScot- 
land.  Adjoining  tlie  village  is  Brodick  Castle,  a  seat  of  the 
Duke  of  Hamilton.    The  scenery  is  highly  picturesque. 

Brod'ie's  Landing,  a  post-office,  Decatur  co.,  Tenn. 

Brodincz,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  STnARBURO. 

Bro'dy,  a  frontier  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  58  miles 
by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Lemberg.  It  is  the  scat  of  a  great  trade. 
Pop.  18,890. 

Broek,  brS&k,  or  Broek-in- Waterland,  br5Sk-in- 
♦I't^r-l&nt,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  North  Holland, 
6  miles  N.E.  of  Amsterdam.     Pop.  1566. 

Brog'den,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  2560. 

Broglie,  brogMee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Eure,  8  miles 
S.W.  of  Bernay.     Pop.  1252. 

Brogneville,brog'yII,  formerly  Union,  a  post-hamlet 
of  York  CO.,  Pa.,  in  Chanceford  township,  3  miles  from 
Brogueville  Station,  and  about  12  miles  S.  of  Columbia.  It 
has  1  or  2  churches. 

Brogueville  Station  (Parke  Post-Office),  York  co.. 
Pa.,  is  on  the  Pench  Bottom  Railroad,  16  miles  S.E.  of  York. 

Bro'ken  Ar'row  (Cool  City  Poat-Office),  a  post-ham- 
let of  St.  Clair  co.,  Ala.,  15  miles  S.  of  Ashville,  and  25  miles 
N.E.  of  Birmingham.     It  has  coal-mines  and  2  churches. 

Broken  Arrow,  a  village  of  Walton  co.,  Ga.,  7  miles 
W.  of  Monroe.     It  has  a  church. 

Broken  Bow,  a  city,  the  capital  and  principal  trading- 
point  of  Custer  co.,  Neb.,  in  a  rich  agricultural  section,  SO 
miles  by  rail  N.  W.  of  Grand  Island.  It  contains  7  churches, 
2  national  and  2  private  banks,  and  a  high  school.  Four 
newspapers  are  published  here.     Pop.  1645. 

Brok'enburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Spottsylvania  co.,  Va., 
about  50  miles  N.N.W.  of  Richmond.     It  has  2  churches. 

Broken  Island, an  island  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean, 
off  the  N.  coast  of  Papua.     Lat.  2°  40'  S.;  Ion.  134°  50'  E. 

Broken  Islands,  a  group  of  islands,  sometimes  called 
Borongo  or  Bolongo  in  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  pff  the  coast  of 
Aracan ;  they  are  three  in  number,  and  are  situated  imme- 
diately to  the  south  of  Aracan  River. 

Broken  Rock,  a  station  in  Clarion  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Low  Grade  division  of  the  Alleghany  Valley  Bailroad,  76 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Broken  Straw,a  post-hamlet  of  Chautauqua  co.,N.Y., 
is  at  Grant  Station  on  the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Bail- 
road,  14  miles  W.  of  Jamestown.  Here  are  2  churches,  a 
ateam  grist-mill,  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Broken  Straw,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  -Pa.  Pop. 
1048,  exclusive  of  Youngsville.  Broken  Straw  Station  is 
on  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad,  62  miles  S.E.  of  Erie. 

Broken  Straw  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  runs  southeast- 
ward in  Warren  co.,  and  enters  the  Alleghany  River  6  miles 
W.  of  Warren. 

Broken  Sword,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co.,  0.,  in 
Holmes  township,  8  miles  N.  of  Bucyrus.    It  has  3  churches. 

Bromberg,  Jarom'tj^iiG,  a  town  of  Prussia,  on  a  rail- 
way, and  on  the  Brahe,.69  miles  N.E.  of  Posea.  It  has  a 
gymnasium  and  a  normal  school,  with  manufactures  of 
chiccory,  tobacco,  Prussian  blue,  linep  t^nd  .woollen  fabrics, 
and  an  active  transit  trade.  The  Bromberg  Canal  connects 
the  Vistula  with  the  Oder  and  Elbe,  by  uniting  the  rivers 
Netz  and  Brahe.     Pop.  31,308. 

Brome,  a  county  of  Quebec,  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
Lake  Memphremagog,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  state  of  Ver- 
mont. Area,  835  square  miles.  This  county  is  drained  by 
a  number  of  streams,  and  is  traversed  by  the  Southeastern 
Railway.     Capital,  Knowlton.     Pop.  13,757. 

Brome,  or  Brome  Corner,  a  post-village  in  Brome 
CO.,  Quebec,  5  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Knowlton.  It  has  2 
gaw-mills,  a  planing-mill,  and  2  churches.     Pop.  250. 

Bromemere,  brom^meer',  a  post-village  in  Brome  co., 
Quebec,  5  miles  S.  of  Waterloo.     Pop.  150. 

Brom'field,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co..  Neb.,  10 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Aurora.  It  has  churches  of  3  de- 
nominations, a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  200. 

Bromley,  brum'lee,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  on 
the  Ravensbourne,  10  miles  bj^  2  railways  S.E.  of  Loudon. 


The  town  consists  mostly  of  a  single,  neatly-built  street,  on 
the  rood  from  London  to  Tunbridge.  It  has  a  largo  church, 
containing  the  monuments  of  several  bishops  of  Rochester, 
and  a  handsome  and  well-endowed  college,  founded  in  1666 
Pop.  of  parish,  10,674. 

Bromp'ton,  a  western  suburb  of  the  metropolis  of 
England,  co.  of  Middlesex,  1  mile  W.S.W.  of  Hyde  Pork 
Corner.  It  has  several  handsome  squares  and  turraoca. 
Pop.  28,654. 

Brompton,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  enclosed 
within  the  line  of  Chatham  Fortifications.  It  stands  on  a 
height  above  Chatham  Dockyard,  is  a  part  of  the  parlia- 
mentary borough  of  Chatham,  and  comprises  a  line  navol 
hospital  and  barracks.     Pop.  8424. 

Brompton,  a  chapclry  of  England,  co.  of  York,  North 
Riding,  1  i  miles  N.N.E.  of  Northallerton.  Here  was  fought 
the  "  Battle  of  the  Standards,"  in  which  the  Scots  were  de- 
feated by  the  English,  a.d.  1138.     Pop.  1364. 

Brompton  Falls,  or  St.  Francis  Mills,  a  post- 
village  in  Richmond  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  St.  Francis,  6 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Sherbrooko.  It  has  several  saw- 
mills, a  paj)cr-mill,  and  a  large  lumber  trade.     Pop.  500. 

Brbmsebro,  brom'sfi-broo,  a  hamlet  of  Sweden,  29 
miles  S.W.  of  Kalmar,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Bronise. 

Broms'grove,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Worcester,  12 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Birmingham.  The  town  consists  chiefly  of 
a  long  street;  it  has  some  good  houses,  a  fine  old  church, 
an  art  school,  a  neat  town  hall,  and  manufactures  of  nails, 
buttons,  malt,  needles,  and  linen.  Its  grammar-school 
has  scholarships  in  Worcester  College,  O.xford.     Pop.  6967 

Bromwicn,  England.     See  Wkst  BnoMwicii. 

Brom'yard,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  13  miles  N.E. 
of  Hereford,  near  the  Frome.     Pop.  of  parish,  2978. 

Bron'co,  a  post-office  of  Nevada  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Cen- 
tral Pacific  Railroad,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Truckee. 

Brondolo,  bron'do-lo,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  at 
the  S.  extremity  of  the  island  of  the  Lido,  3  miles  S.  of 
Chioggia,  on  the  Brenta  Nuova. 

Broni,  bro'nee,  a  village  of  Italy,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Voghera,  near  the  Po.  Near  it  is  the  castle  of  Broni, 
famous  for  the  victory  gained  by  Prince  Eugene  over  the 
French  in  1703.     Pop.  4814. 

Bronnitza,  bron-nit'si,  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  28  miles  S.E.  of  Moscow,  on  the  Moskva.     Pop.  3284. 

Bron'son,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Levy  co.,  Flo.,  on 
a  beautiful  lake,  24  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Gainesville.  It 
has  4  churches,  a  high  school,  6  cotton-gins,  2  grist-mills, 
a  wagon-factory,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  291. 

Bronson,  a  post-town  of  Bourbon  co.,  Kansas,  22  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Fort  Scutt.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  600. 

Bronson,  a  post-village  of  Branch  co.,  Mich.,  10  miles 
by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Coldwater.  It  has  5  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of 
lumber,  flour,  staves,  headings,  <fcc.     Pop.  875. 

Broiison's  Station,  South  Carolina.     See  BnuNSOS. 

Bronte,  bron'ti,  a  town  of  Sicily,  22  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Catania,  at  the  W.  foot  of  Mount  Etna.     Pop.  12,092. 

Bronte,  bron'te,  a  post-village  in  Halton  co.,  Ontario, 
at  the  entrance  of  Twelve  Mile  Creek  in  Lake  Ontario,  26 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Toronto.     Pop.  550. 

Bron'wood,  a  post-town  of  Terrell  co.,  Ga.,  in  a  fine 
fruit-  and  stbck-raising  section,  27  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Cuth- 
bert.  It  has  5  churches,  schools  for  white  and  colored,  and 
•flouring-  and  ginning-mills.     Pop.  406. 

Bronx  Itiver,  rises  in  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  runs 
southward,  and  enters  Long  Island  Sound.  It  forms  part  of 
the  boundary  between  Westchester  and  New  York  counties. 

Bjronx'ville,  a  post- village  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Eastchester  township,  on  the  New  York  &  Harlem  Railroad, 
15i  miles  N.N.E.  of  New  York.  It  has  a  church,  and  a 
manufactory  of  carriage-axles.     Pop.  about  150. 

Broo^ang'  (or  Buren'do)  Pass,  a  pass  through  the 
Himalaya  Mountains,  on  the  course  of  the  Sutlej,  15,095 
feet  above  sea-level.     Lat.  31°  23'  N.;  Ion  78°  12'  E. 

Brook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Newton  co.,  Ind.,  10  miles 
N.E.  from  Kentland. 

Brook'bury,a  post-village  in  Compton  co.,  Quebec,  26 
miles  N.E.  of  Lennoxville.     Pop.  100. 

Brook'dale,  a  post-office  of  Rush  co.,  Kansas,  20  miles 
N.  of  Larned.     Pop.  of  township,  66. 

Brookdale,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  N.J.,  in  Bloom- 
field  township,  1  mile  from  Peru  Railroad  Station,  which 
is  5  miles  S.  of  Paterson.     It  has  2  churches. 

Brookdale,  a  station  in  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Rochester  &  State  Line  Railroad,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Rochester. 

Brook  Dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N  Y 


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717 


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miles  from  North  Stockholm.  It  has  2  churches  arid  a 
lumber-mill. 

Brookdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Susquehanna  oo.,  Pa.,  2^ 
Imilcs  from  Conklin  Station,  and  about  11  miles  S.  of  Bing- 
ihamton,  N.Y.     It  has  3  saw-mills. 

'  Brooke,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  AVest  Virginia,  has 
an  area  of  about  75  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W. 
by  the  Ohio  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  ;  the  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  wool  are  the  staple  products. 
Beds  of  coal  are  found  in  it.  The  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati, 
;Chieago  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad  traverses  its  W.  boundary 
!from  N.  to  S.,  passing  through  Wellsburg.  the  capital.  Pop. 
'in  1870,  54fi4;  in  1880,  6013;  in  1890,  6660. 
i  Brooke,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stafford  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Rich- 
|mond,  Fredericksburg  &  Potomac  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of 
iFredericksburg,  and  3  miles  direct  S.  of  Stafford. 

Brooke'land,  a  post-office  of  Sabine  co.,  Tex. 

Brooke's  Mills,  a  station  on  the  railroad  from  Altoona. 
to  Henrietta,  7  miles  S.  from  Hollidaysburg,  Pa. 

IBrookeville,  Maryland.     See  Bkookvii.le. 
Brook'field,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co.,  Conn.,  in 
IBrookfleld  township,  and  on  the  Housatonic  Railroad  near 
'its  junction  with  the  Danbury  Branch,  29  miles  N.  by  W. 
ifrom  Bridgeport,  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Danbury,  and  2  miles 
S.W.  of  the  Housatonic  River,  which  forms  the  N.E.  bound- 
ary of  the  township.     It  has  several  churches,  and  manu- 
{factures  of  hats,  knives,  &c.     Pop.  of  township,  1193. 
I     Brookfield,  a  post-office  of  Moody  co.,  Dakota. 
I     Brookfield,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Berrien  co., 
Ga.,  on  the  Brunswick  &  Albany  Railroad,  50  miles  E.  by 
is.  of  Albany. 
I     Brookfield,  a  township  of  La  Salle  co.,  111.    Pop.  1230. 

Brookfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 

I  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  &  Lafayette  Railroad,   15   miles 

S.E.  of  Indianapolis.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Brookfield,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
994.     It  contfiins  Delmar. 

Brookfield,  a  township  of  Worth  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  448. 

Brookfield,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Brookfield  township,  and  on  the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad, 
23  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Worcester,  and  31  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Springfield.  It  is  near  Chicopee  River,  which  intersects 
the  township.  It  has  a  high  school,  a  savings-bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  several  manufactories  of  carriages 
and  shoes.  The  township  has  5  churches,  and  contains  a 
village  named  East  Brookfield.     Pop.  2660. 

Brookfield,  or  Brookfield  Centre,  a  post-hamlet 
in  Brookfield  township,  Eaton  co.,  Mich.,  22  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Lansing.     Pop.  of  township,  1104. 

Brookfield,  a  township  of  Huron  co.,  Mich.   Pop.  171. 

Brookfield,  a  township  of  Renville  co.,  Minn.   Pop.  58. 

Brookfield,  a  post-villap:e  of  Linn  co..  Mo.,  in  Brook- 
field township,  on  Yellow  Creek,  and  on  the  Hannibal  & 
St.  Joseph  and  Burlington  &  Southwestern  Railroads,  104 
miles  W.  of  Hannibal,  and  26  miles  E.  of  Chillicothe.  It 
contains  8  churches,  3  banks,  machine-shops  and  round- 
house of  the  railroad,  2  large  hotels,  3  newspaper  offices, 
and  a  public  school-house  which  cost  $20,000.  Coal  is 
mined  here.     Pop.  in  1880,  2264;  in  1890,  4547. 

Brookfield,  a  post-township  of  Carroll  co.,  N.H.,  about 
35  miles  N.E.  of  Concord.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Wolf- 
borough  Branch  Railroad.     Pop.  416. 

Brookfield,  formerly  Clark'ville,  a  post-village  of 
Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Brookfield  township,  about  22  miles 
B.  by  W.  of  Utica.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded 
school  with  an  academic  department,  a  tannery,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  500. 

Brookfield,  a  post-township  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Unadilla  River,  about  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Utica.  It 
contains  the  villages  of  Brookfield  or  Clarkville,  Leonards- 
ville,  and  North  Brookfield.     Pop.  3516. 

Brookfield,  a  township  of  Noble  co.,  0.     Pop.  978. 

Brookfield,  Stark  co.,  0.     See  West  Brookfield. 

Brookfield,  a  post-village  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  in 
Brookfield  township.  It  has  6  churches,  and  in  the  vicinity 
are  extensive  coal-mines.  Pop.  of  the  township,  2657. 
Brookfield  Station  is  on  the  Youngstown  Branch  of  the 
Lake  Shore  Railroad,  11  miles  N.N.E.  of  Youngstown,  and 
3  or  4  miles  W.  of  Sharon,  Pa. 

Brookfield,  a  post-township  forming  the  N.W.  ex- 
tremity of  Tioga  CO.,  Pa.,  about  30  miles  S.W.  of  Corning, 
N.Y.     It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  885. 

Brookfield,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  in  Brook- 
field township,  about  16  miles  S.  of  Montpelier.  The  town- 
ship contains  a  village  named  East  Brookfield,  and  has  4 
churches.  It  has  manufactures  of  cheese,  hay-forks,  &o. 
Pop.  1269. 


Brookfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wahkiakum  co.,  Wash., 
on  the  Columbia  River,  near  its  mouth,  about  5  miles  W. 
of  Skamokawa,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Brookfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waukesha  co.,  Wis.,  in 
Brookfield  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  14  miles  W.  of  Milwaukee.  It  is  at  the  junction 
of  two  divisions  of  that  road. 

Brookfield,  a  post-village  in  Colchester  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  53  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Halifax.  It  contains  3  stores 
and  a  tannery.     Pop.  150. 

Brookfield  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfield  co., 
Conn.,  in  Brookfield  township,  1  mile  from  Brookfield 
Junction.     It  has  2  churches. 

Brookfield  Centre,  Michigan.    See  Brookfield. 

Brookfield  Junction,  in  Brookfield  township,  Fair- 
field CO.,  Conn.,  is  on  the  Housatonic  Railroad,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Danbury  Branch,  27  miles  N.W.  by  N.  from 
Bridgeport. 

Brook^ha'ven,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lincoln  co., 
Miss.,  128  miles  by  rail  N.  of  New  Orleans,  and  55  miles 
S.  by  W.  from  Jackson.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  a  fe- 
male college,  a  graded  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  man- 
ufactures of  lumber.  It  is  surrounded  by  pine  forests. 
Pop.  2142. 

Brookhaven,  a  large  township  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  Long  Island  Sound  and  on  the  S.  by 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Long  Island 
Railroad.  It  contains  the  villages  of  Patchogue,  Port  Jef- 
ferson, Brookhaven,  Setauket,  Ac.  The  soil  in  some  parts 
is  fertile.     Pop.  11,451. 

Brookhaven,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Brookhaven  township,  about  60  miles  E.  of  Brooklyn,  near 
the  Long  Island  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  about 
350. 

Brook'ings,  a  county  of  South  Dacota,  bordering  on 
Minnesota,  has  an  area  of  about  800  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Big  Sioux,  and  contains  a  number  of  small 
lakes.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Rail- 
road and  its  branches.  Capital,  Brookings.  Pop.  in  1870, 
163:  in  1880,  4965;  in  1890,  10,132. 

Brookings,  a  city,  capital  of  Brookings  co.,  S.D.,  65 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Triicy,  Minn.  It  is  the  seat  of  an  agri- 
cultural college.  It  has  5  churches,  3  banks,  2  newspaper 
offices,  and  manufactures  of  flax  and  flour.     Pop.  1518. 

Brook'landville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md., 
and  a  station  on  the  Green  Spring  Branch  of  the  Northern 
Central  Railroad,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Brook'lin,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co.,  Me.,  in 
Brooklin  township,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  about  44  miles 
S.  by  E.  from  Bangor.  It  has  2  churches,  a  town  hall, 
and  a  high  school.  It  is  mainly  supported  by  the  fisheries 
and  trade.     Pop.  of  the  township,  966. 

Brooklin,  a  hamlet  in  Ray  township,  Macomb  co., 
Mich.,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Romeo.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill, 
a  store,  and  several  shops.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is 
Davis. 

Brooklin,  a  post-office  of  Robeson  co.,  N.C. 

Brooklin,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  6 
miles  by  rail  from  Whitby.  It  contains  4  large  flouring- 
mills,  a  tannery,  an  iron-foundry,  several  furniture-fac- 
tories, <fco.     Pop.  650. 

Brookline,  brook'lin,  a  post-township  and  village  of 
Norfolk  CO.,  Mass.,  is  about  4  miles  S.W.  of  Boston,  and  is 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  estuary  of  Charles  River.  It 
is  the  terminus  of  the  Brookline  Branch  of  the  Boston  & 
Albany  Railroad,  is  intersected  by  the  Boston,  Hartford  & 
Erie  Railroad,  and  is  connected  to  Boston  by  a  street  rail- 
way. It  has  6  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  fine  town  hall. 
Here  are  numerous  elegant  villas  and  country-seats,  sur- 
rounded by  beautiful  gardens,  parks,  and  shrubberies.  It 
has  a  manufactory  of  philosophical  instruments,  and  a 
weekly  newspaper.     Pop.  in  1880,  8057;  in  1890,  12,103. 

Brookline,  brook'lin,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of 
Hillsborough  co.,  N.H.,  about  12  miles  W.  of  Nashua.  It 
contains  2  churches,  and  has  manufactories  of  furniture. 
Pop.  741. 

Brookline,  a  township  of  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  6  miles 
W.  of  Putney.     Pop.  203. 

Brookline  Junction,  a  station  within  the  limits  of 
Boston,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Brookline  Branch,  2  miles  from  the  initial 
station  in  Boston. 

Brookline  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co..  Mo., 
on  the  St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  Railroad,  9  miles  S.AY.  of 
Springfield.     It  has  2  churches. 

Brooklyn,  brook'lin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Conecuh  co., 


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ns 


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AU.,  on  the  Sepulga  River,  about  tOO  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mo- 
bile.    It  has  a  church  and  about  12  fuinilios. 

Brooklyn^  a  former  post-village  of  Alameda  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  eastern  shore  of  ban  Francisco  Hay,  9  miles  E.  of 
the  city  of  San  Franoisoo,  and  1  or  2  miles  S.E.  of  Oakland. 
It  is  on  the  San  Jo86  Uranch  of  the  Central  Pacific  Rail- 
road. It  is  now  a  part  of  Oakland,  and  is  sometimes  called 
Bast  Oakland.  It  contains  5  churches,  a  newspiiper  office, 
2  tanneries,  2  carriage-factories,  2  terra-cotta  works,  <tc. 
A  bridge  over  a  small  estuary  or  inlet  connect!!  Etvst  Oakland 
with  the  other  part  of  the  city.     Pop.  in  1880,  7484. 

Brooklyn,  a  post-village  and  township,  capital  of 
Windham  co.,  Conn.,  about  42  miles  E.  of  Hartford,  and  2 
miles  W.  of  the  Quincbaug  River,  which  is  the  cast  bound- 
ary of  the  township.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  national 
bunk,  a  savings-bank,  5  churches,  2  hotels,  a  circulating 
library,  a  creamery,  manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  and  of 
spectacles,  and  many  fine  residences.  Pup.  in  1880,  2308; 
in  1S90,  262S. 

Brooklyn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  Fla.,  on  the  Geor- 
gia Southern  &  Florida  Railroad,  29  miles  N.W.  of  Falatka. 

Brooklyn,  a  hamlet  of  Linn  co.,  Kansas,  about  66 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Lawrence. 

Brooklyn,  a  township  of   Lee  co.,  III.     Pop.  1235. 
Brooklyn  Station  is  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Rock  River  Railroad, 
.     46  miles  W.  of  Aurora.    The  township  contains  iho  village 
of  Compton. 

Brooklyn,  a  hamlet  of  Massao  oo.,  III.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  4  miles  below  Paduoah,  Ky.  It  has  a  church,  a 
grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  4  stores.  Pop.  100.  The  name 
of  its  post-office  is  Pellonia. 

Brooklyn,  a  station  on  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on 
the  Rockford,  Rock  Island  <t  St.  Louis,  the  Indianapolis  <fc 
St.  Loui!>,  and  several  other  railroads,  I  mile  N.  of  East  St. 
Louis,  III. 

Brooklyn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuyler  co.,  III.,  on  the 
Crooked  Creek,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Rushville.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  of  the  township  11.S8. 

Brooklyn,  a  post-village  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind.,  in  Clay 
township,  on  White  Lick  Creek,  and  on  the  Indianapolis  & 
Vincennes  Railroad,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Indianapolis.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  money-order  post- 
office.     Pop.  estimated  at  600. 

Brooklyn,  a  post-village  of  Poweshiek  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Railroad,  70  miles  E. 
by  N.  from  Des  Moines,  and  106  miles  W.  of  Davenport. 
It  has  2  banks,  a  graded  school,  a  steam  mill,  several 
grain-elevators,  a  printing-office  which  issues  a  weekly 
newspaper,  and  6  churches.     Pop.  1109. 

Brooklyn,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Ky. 

Brooklyn,  a  village  of  Campbell  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  2  or  .S  miles  above  Cincinnati. 

Brooklyn,  a  hamlet  of  Jessamine,  Mercer,  and  Wood- 
ford COS.,  Ky.,  on  the  Kentucky  River,  3i  miles  from  Scott's 
Railroad  depot.     It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  planing-mill. 

Brooklyn,  a  post-village  of  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  PutJipsco  River,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Baltimore  4 
Ohio  Railroad,  opposite  Baltimore,  with  which  it  is  con- 
nected by  a  bridge.  It  contains  2  churches,  and  fertilizer 
and  chrome  works,  lumber-  and  planing-mills.     Pop.  700. 

Brooklyn,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  on 
Raisin  River,  in  Columbia  township,  66  miles  by  rail  W.S,  W. 
of  Detroit,  and  15  miles  S.E.  of  J.ackson.  It  has  a  bank, 
4  churcbe.',  a  graded  school,  a  foundry,  a  flour-mill,  a  news- 
paper office,  Ac.     Pop.  about  700. 

Brooklyn,  a  township  of  Hennepin  co.,  Minn.,  is 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Mississipfii  River,  and  is 
about  16  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Paul.     Pop.  876. 

Brooklyn,  a  post-hamlct  of  Harrison  co..  Mo.,  27  miles 
W.  of  Princeton.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Brooklyn,  a  hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  at  the  outlet 
of  Lake  Hopatcong,  1  mile  N.  of  Port  Morris. 

Brooklyn,  a  city,  seaport,  and  capital  of  Kings  co., 
N.Y.,  at  the  W.  and  S.W.  ends  of  Long  Island,  146  miles  S. 
of  Albanv,  and  235  miles  by  rail  N.E.  from  Washington. 
Lat.  of  the  navy-yard,  40°  51'  30"  N. ;  Ion.  73°  59'  30"  W: 
A  strait  called  the  East  River,  varying  from  one-half  to  one 
mile  in  width,  and  connecting  Long  Island  Sound  with  the 
upper  New  York  Bay,  separates  Brooklyn  from  New  York 
City,  while  the  navigable  Newtown  Creek  separates  it  from 
Long  Island  City  on  the  N.  and  N.E.  The  northern  part 
of  Brooklyn  consists  of  the  former  city  of  Williamsburg 
and  the  town  of  Greenpoint,  while  the  eastern  section  has 
been  formed  by  the  annexntiou  of  New  Lots  and  East  New 
York.  In  the  west  central  part  of  the  city  is  a  debouch- 
ment of  the  East  River  known  as  Wallabout  Bay,  on  the 
£.  and  S.  shores  of  which  is  located  the  United  States  Navy- 


Ynrd,  The  section  known  as  "The  Hill"  extends  from 
Myrtle  Avenue,  just  S.  of  the  Navy. Yard,  to  the  eoiitinea 
of  Prospect  Parle  and  Greenwood  Cemetery.  Here  ami  un 
Columbia  Height*,  along  the  southern  shore  of  the  East 
River,  are  elegant  mansions  and  handsome  residences. 
South  of  the  "Heights,"  on  Now  York  Bay,  skirting  Hut- 
termilk  Channel,  is  South  Brooklyn  or  Gowuniis.  Kaat 
the  extreiue  soulliern  end  of  the  city,  situated  upon  a  high 
ridge  and  overlooking  Gowanus  Bay,  New  York  Bay,  New 
York  City,  and  Brooklyn,  with  views  of  Jersey  City,  Green- 
ville, and  Staten  Island,  is  the  famed  Greenwood  Ceinctory, 
containing  about  400  acres;  while  on  the  same  ridge  ii 
situated  Prospect  Park,  covering  570  acres,  the  cost  of 
which,  including  its  adornments  and  the  two  magniliccn 
boulevards  connected  with  it,  forming  a  continuous  drive 
from  the  beach  at  Coney  Island  to  East  New  York,  has  been 
nearly  $1 2,000,000.  In  the  latter  annexed  district  is  Uidge- 
wood  Reservoir,  from  wliicli,  principally,  the  city  is  sup- 
plied with  water.  The  suburbs  «f  the  city  are  filled  with 
residences  of  surpassing  elcgnnce,  surrounded  by  yards 
adorned  with  beautiful  gardens  and  shrubbery. 

Thirteen  lines  of  steam  ferry-boats  connect  the  various 
sections  of  Brooklyn  with  New  York,  and  other  lines  connect 
it  with  Jersey  City.  The  East  River  Suspension  Bridge, 
finished  May  24,  1883,  and  designed  to  accommodate  rail- 
way-traffic as  well  as  foot-passage  and  carriages,  extends 
from  Brooklyn  to  New  York.  This  is  next  to  the  longest 
suspension  bridge  in  the  world,  having  a  total  length  of 
5987  feet,  with  a  river  span  of  1595  feet  and  a  breadth  of 
85  feet.  A  new  suspension  bridge  connecting  New  York 
with  Broadway,  Brooklyn,  is  to  be  built  in  1893.  Brooklyn 
is  the  terminus  of  branches  of  the  main  Long  Island  rail- 
way system,  connecting  it  with  Greenport  and  Sag  Harbor 
and  all  the  principal  ]>oints  on  Long  Island,  while  "Annex" 
boats  transfer  passengers  to  and  from  the  trunk  railroad 
lines  at  Jersey  City  and  also  connect  with  the  Albany  and 
Boston  boats.  Five  steam  railways  and  2  electric  roads 
connect  it  with  Coney  Island.  The  system  of  street  and 
suburban  railways  is  very  extensive,  including  three  sys- 
tems of  elevated  roads,  with  five  distinct  lines.  Freight- 
cars  are  also  brought  to  its  docks  and  warehouses  by  floats 
and  steam-tugs,  great  numbers  of  which  are  employed  in 
this  business. 

The  Atlantic  Dock,  on  Buttermilk  Channel,  opposite  Gov- 
ernor's Island,  and  1  mile  S.  of  Fulton  Ferry,  and  the  Erie 
and  Brooklyn  Basins,  all  in  South  Brooklyn,  are  among  the 
most  extensive  works  of  the  kind  in  the  United  States, 
and  are  lined  with  immense  storehouses  for  grain  and  other 
freight.  The  Atlantic  Dock,  erected  by  a  company  incor- 
porated in  1840,  with  a  capital  of  $1,000,000,  embraces 
witliin  its  piers  40.86  acres.  The  Erie  and  Brooklyn  Basin? 
have  areas  respectively  of  60  and  40  acres.  The  United 
States  Navy-Yard  occupies  about  40  acres  of  ground,  is  en- 
closed on  the  land  side  by  a  high  stone  wall,  and  contains, 
besides  the  residences  of  the  officers,  extensive  ship-houses, 
workshops,  a  large  amount  of  military  stores,  and  an  ex 
tensive  dry-dock,  built  at  a  cost  of  $1,000,000.  Brooklyn 
has  a  water-front  of  10  miles,  a  perimeter  of  30  miles,  and 
an  area  of  about  32,000  acres.  Its  manufacturing  interests 
are  large  and  varied.  The  refining  of  sugar  and  petroleum 
and  the  storage  of  freight  are  great  industries.  There  are 
numerous  large  factories  for  the  making  of  glass,  clothing, 
caps,  carpets,  cordage,  chemicals,  paints,  linseed  oil,  oil- 
cloth, pharmaceutical  preparations,  metallic  wares,  tobacco, 
cigars,  castings,  steam  ijoilers,  hats,  wire,  lace,  buttons, 
paper,  and  felt  goods.  Greenpoint  is  extensively  engaged 
in  the  building  and  repairing  of  ships.  Brooklyn  has  4 
national  and  15  other  banks,  7  trust  companies,  and  13 
savings-banks,  with  immense  capital  invested  in  building 
and  other  corporate  associations,  5  daily,  5  weekly,  and 
several  trade  publications,  besides  an  illustrated  weekly. 

Among  the  public  buildings  are  the  court-house,  which 
cost  $543,000,  the  old  city  hall,  the  new  municipal  build- 
ing, erected  at  a  cost  of  $200,000,  Academy  of  Music,  with 
a  seating  capacity  of  2400,  Academy  of  Design,  Brooklyn 
Library,  Pratt  Library  ond  Institute,  city  jail,  city  hos- 
pital, house  of  correction,  almshouse,  lunatic  asylum,  deaf- 
mute  asylum,  <fec.  The  charitable  institutions  comprise 
homes  for  destitute  children,  for  newsboys,  for  the  aged, 
for  the  idiotic  and  deformed,  and  numerous  orphanages, 
dispensaries,  infirmaries,  and  hospitals.  The  city  has  321 
churches,  some  of  them  being  buildings  of  groat  archi- 
tectural merit;  84  public  schools,  with  125,000  pupils, 
employing  1600  teachers,  and  costing  $2,500,000  yearly; 
2  high  schools,  2  medical  colleges,  a  Roman  Catholic  col- 
lege and  priests'  seminary;  numerous  convents,  often  with 
schools   attached;    and   many  private   and    incorporated- 


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academies  and  seminnries.  The  principal  denominations 
represented  are  the  Baptist,  Congregational,  Dutch  Re- 
formed, Episcopal,  Methodist,  Lutheran,  Presbyterian, 
Roman  Catholic,  and  Jewish.  It  is  the  seat  of  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  bishop  of  Long  Island. 

In  August,  1776,  the  battle  of  Long  Island,  so  disastrous 
to  the  American  forces,  was  fought  upon  ground  now 
within  the  limits  of  Prospect  Park ;  and  at  Wallabout 
Bay,  during  the  Revolutionary  War,  were  stationed  the 
English  prison-ships,  in  which  it  is  said  nearly  12,000 
Americans  perished  from  close  confinement  and  other  ill- 
treatment.  The  bodies  of  the  sufiferers  were  hastily  buried 
upon  the  shore,  with  little  care  except  to  conceal  them 
from  sight.  In  1808,  their  bones,  which  were  beginning  to 
be  washed  from  their  graves,  were  taken  up  and  placed  in 
thirteen  coffins,  inscribed  with  the  names  of  the  thirteen 
original  states,  and  then  deposited  in  a  common  vault,  be- 
neath a  building  erected  for  the  purpose,  on  Hudson  Ave- 
nue, near  the  navy-yard.  In  1873  the  remains  were  placed 
in  a  tomb  in  Fort  Green  (or  Washington)  Park,  Myrtle 
Avenue.  The  King's  Highway,  the  road  by  which  the 
British  marched  from  Gravesend  Bay,  near  the  suburban 
town  of  Bensonhurst,  is  now  a  favorite  driveway. 

Brooklyn  was  incorporated  in  the  year  1()46  by  the 
authorities  of  New  Amsterdam  CNew  York  City),  and 
named  Breukelen,  from  a  town  of  the  same  name  in  the 
Netherlands  (Holland).  It  was  ini^orporated  as  a  township, 
under  its  present  name,  in  April,  1806,  and  as  a  city,  with 
the  same  area,  6  miles  long  and  4  miles  wide,  in  18.34.  In 
1855,  Brooklyn,  Williamsburg,  and  Bushwick  were  united 
under  one  government.  The  city  is  divided  into  26  wards, 
and  ranks  as  the  fourth  in  the  United  States  in  population. 
The  number  of  its  inhabitants  in  1810  was  4402;  in  1820, 
7175:  in  1830,  15,396;  in  1840,  36,233;  in  1850,  96,838; 
in  1860,  266,661;  in  1870,  396,099;  in  1880,  566,663;  in 
1890.  806.343. 

Brooklyn,  a  post-village  of  Cuyahoga  co.,  0.,  in  Brook- 
lyn township,  about  3  miles  S.  of  Cleveland.  It  is  pleas- 
antly situated  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Cuyahoga  River,  and 
on  Big  Creek.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  1  or  2  tanneries.  Riverside  Cemetery  is 
within  the  limits  of  Brooklyn.  Pop.  (1880)  1295.  The 
township  contains  other  villages,  named  Brighton  and 
Lyndale.     Total  pop.  4433. 

Brooklyn,  a  station  in  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Waynes- 
burg  Branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  38  miles  W.  of 
Philadelphia. 

Brooklyn,  a  post-village  of  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Brooklyn  township,  about  28  miles  N.  by  W.  from  Scran- 
ton,  and  2  miles  W.  of  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  West- 
ern Railroad.  It  has  a  carriage-shop,  a  grist-mill,  and  4 
stores.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1128. 

Brooklyn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  S.D.,  20  miles 
direct  S.W.  of  Canton. 

Brooklyn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Halifax  co.,  Ya.,  19  miles 
E.  of  Danville.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Brooklyn,  a  hamlet  of  Hancock  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  opposite  Yellow  Creek,  0.  It  has  a  grist-mill 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Brooklyn,  a  post-village  of  Green  co..  Wis.,  in  Brook- 
lyn township,  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  15 
miles  S.  of  Madison.  It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1138. 

Brooklyn,  a  township  of  Green  Lake  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
N.  shore  of  Green  Lake.     Pop.  1399. 

Brooklyn,  a  village  in  Annapolis  co..  Nova  Scotia,  2 
miles  from  Middleton.     Pop.  150. 

Brooklyn,  a  village  in  Yarmouth  co..  Nova  Scotia,  2 
miles  from  Yarmouth.     Pop.  250. 

Brooklyn,  Hants  co.,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Newport. 

Brooklyn,  or  Her'ring  Cove,  a  post-village  in 
Queens  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  E.  side  of  Liverpool  harbor, 
2i  miles  from  Liverpool.     Pop.  300. 

Brooklyn,  or  Mus'grave  Harbor,  a  village  on  the 
W.  side  of  Bonavista  Bay,  Newfoundland,  10  miles  from 
Indian  Arm.     It  has  a  good  harbor.     Pop.  203. 

Brooklyn  Centre,  post-office,  Hennepin  co.,  Minn. 

Brooklyn  Village,  a  post-village  of  Cuyahoga  co., 
0.,  a  suburb  of  Cleveland,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  2 
electric  railways,  3i  miles  from  that  city.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  <fcc.     Pop.  4585. 

Brook  Neal,  a  post-village  of  Campbell  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Staunton  River,  about  30  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Lynchburg. 
It  has  a  church,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of 
leather,  ploughs,  and  tobacco. 

Brooko,  or  Bruko,  broo'ko,  a  territory  of  North- 
western Africa,  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Senegambia. 


Brooks,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Georgia,  bordering 
on  Florida,  has  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Withlacoochee  and  Little  Rivers, 
and  is  intersected  by  the  Ocopilco  River,  which  joins  the 
Withlacoochee  River  about  6  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Quitman, 
the  capital  of  the  county.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  sweet 
potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  traversed  from  E. 
to  W.  by  the  Savannah,  Florida  &  Western  Railroad.  Pop. 
in  1880,  11,727;  in  1890,  13,979. 

Brooks,  a  post- village  of  Adams  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Nodaway  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy 
Railroad,  4  miles  W.S.W.  of  Corning.     It  has  a  church. 

Brooks,  a  township  of  Buena  Vista  oo.,  Iowa.     P.  68. 

Brooks,  a  station  in  Jefferson  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Louis- 
ville &  Nashville  Railroad,  14  miles  S.  of  Louisville. 

Brooks,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waldo  co..  Me.,  in  Brooks 
township,  on  the  Belfast  division  of  the  Maine  Central 
Railroad,  12  miles  N.N.W,  of  Belfast.  It  has  a  grist-mill, 
a  saw-mill,  and  a  carriage-shop.  The  township  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  868. 

Brooks,  a  township  of  Newaygo  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  1180. 
It  includes  the  town  of  Newaygo. 

Brooks,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Oregon  <fc  California  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Salem.  It  has 
a  church. 

Brooks'burg,  a  hamlet  in  Jefferson  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  7  miles  above  Madison.     It  has  a  church. 

Brooks'  Crossing,  a  station  in  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Ulster  &  Delaware  Railroad,  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ron- 
dout. 

Brooks'  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y., 
about  44  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rochester. 

Brook'side,  a  post-village  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Mendham  township,  4i  miles  W.  of  Morristown.  It  has  a 
distillery,  a  woollen-factory,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Brookside,  a  station  in  Franklin  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Mont 
Alto  Railroad,  5  miles  from  Chambersburg. 

Brookside,  a  village  and  station  in  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa., 
is  the  present  N.W.  terminus  of  the  Lebanon  <t  Tremont 
Railroad,  2  miles  W.  of  Tower  City.  Anthracite  coal  is 
mined  and  shipped  here. 

Brookside,  a  post-village  of  Oconto  co.,  Wis.,  in  Pen- 
saukee  township,  near  Green  Bay,  4  miles  from  Pensaukeo 
Village.  It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill.  Brookside 
Station  (also  a  post-office)  is  on  the  Chicago  &  North- 
western Railroad,  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Oconto. 

Brooks'  Station,  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  is  on 
the  Metropolitan  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad, 
3  miles  N.W.  of  Washington. 

Brooks'  Station,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  Savannah,  Griffin  &  North  Alabama  Railroad,  12 
miles  W.  of  Griffin.     It  has  3  churches  and  an  academj-. 

Brooks  Station,  a  post-office  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 
on  the  Boston,  Barre  <fc  Gardner  Railroad,  13  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Worcester. 

Brooks'ton,  a  post-village  of  White  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Prairie  township,  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago 
Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  Lafayette.  It  contains  the  Brooks- 
ton  Academy,  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  money-order 
post-office.     Pop.  406. 

Brookston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vance  co.,  N.C.,  4  miles 
E.  from  Henderson  Railroad  Station. 

Brookston,  a  post-village  of  Forest  co..  Pa.,  in  Howe 
township,  7  miles  S.E.  from  Sheffield  Railroad  Station.  It 
has  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  large  tannery  which  produces 
90,000  sides  of  sole-leather  in  a  year.     Pop.  about  400. 

Brookston,  a  post-village  of  Lamar  co.,  Tex.,  9  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Paris.  It  has  4  churches,  several  stores,  and 
an  academy.     Pop.  400. 

Brook's  Vale,  a  post-hamlet  of  New  Haven  co.,  Conn., 
11  miles  N.  of  New  Haven. 

Brooks'ville,  a  post-village  of  Blount  co.,  Ala.,  12 
miles  N.  of  Blountsville,  and  22  miles  E.  of  Cullman.  It 
has  3  churches,  an  academy,  a  cotton-gin,  and  several 
stores  and  other  business  houses.     Pop.  1107. 

Brooksville,apost-town,  capital  of  Hernando  co.,  Fla., 
is  finely  located  at  the  terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  Florida 
Southern  Railway,  74  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Ocala,  and  about 
25  miles  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  has  11  churches,  a 
bank,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  512. 

Brooksville,  Georgia.    See  Brooks'  Station. 

Brooksville,  Kentucky.    See  Brookville. 

Brooksville,  a  post-township  of  Hancock  co..  Me.,  is 
a  peninsula  in  Penobscot  Bay,  22  miles  from  Bucksport, 
and  about  32  miles  S.  of  Bangor.  It  has  4  churches,  3 
grist-mills,  and  3  saw-mills.     Pop.  1310. 

Brooksville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Addison  co.,  Vt.,  in 


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Naw  Harttn  township,  on  Otter  Creok,  and  on  the  Central 
Vennunt  Itailruad,  4  niiloe  N.  of  Middlobury.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  iiiunufuotory  of  o<lgo-tuuU. 

llrooksville*  a  village  of  Calhoun  oo.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Little  Kanawha  lUvor,  28  miles  B.  of  Uarrisville.    It  has 

1  1  or  2  ohurcbea. 

'  BrookH'war,  or  Brock'wearf  a  village  of  England, 
00.  of  Gloucester,  on  the  AVye,  5  miles  N.  of  Chepstow. 
i  Brook'ton,  a  post-village  of  Tompkins  oo.,  N.Y..  6 
Imiles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Ithaca.  It  has  2  churches,  a  yarn- 
land  hosiery-mill,  a  blanket-factory,  and  2  flour-mills. 
Pop.  500. 

Brook  Vale*  a  post-hamlet  of  Clear  Creek  oo..  Col.,  9 
miles  S.E.  from  Idaho  Springs,  and  11  miles  from  the  top 
of  Mount  Evans. 

Brook  Vale,  a  post-office  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y. 

Brook  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morris  oo.,  N.J.,  6J 
miles  N.  of  Boonton.     It  has  a  church. 

Brook  Village,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Shea's  Rivkr. 

Brook'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ogle  co..  III.,  in  Brook- 
ville  township,  7  miles  from  Polo,  and  about  20  miles  S.  of 
Freeport.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  746. 

Brookville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Franklin  oo., 
Ind.,  on  the  Whitewater  River,  at  the  confluence  of  its  E. 
and  W.  branches,  and  on  the  Whitewater  division  of  the 
"  Big  Four  Route,"  43  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Cincinnati, 
and  25  miles  S.E.  of  Connersville.  It  has  a  graded  school, 
a  bank,  a  paper-mill,  2  machine-shops,  2  flonring-mills,  2 
newspaper  offices,  and  4  churches.  It  is  connected  with 
the  Ohio  River  by  the  now  disused  Whitewater  Canal. 
Pop.  2028 ;  of  the  township,  4270. 

Brookvill«,  a  post- hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Iowa,  8 
miles  from  Fairfield,  and  about  18  miles  E.  by  N.  from 
Ottumwa.     It  has  2  churches. 

Brookville,  a  post-village  of  Saline  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Spring  Creek  township,  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  133 
miles  W.  by  S.  from  Topeka,  and  62  miles  W.S.W.  of  Junc- 
tion City.  It  has  a  round-house  for  the  railroad,  a  money- 
order  post-office,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  345. 

Brookville,  or  Brooksville,  a  post-village,  capital 
of  Bracken  co.,  Ky.,  about  40  miles  S.E.  of  Cincinnati,  and 
8  miles  S.  of  the  Ohio  River.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  Ac,     Pop.  330. 

Brookville,  or  Brookeville,  a  post-village  of  Mont- 
gomery CO.,  Md.,  20  miles  from  Washington,  D.C.,  and 
about  27  miles  W.S.W.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  the  Brook- 
ville Academy,  3  churches,  2  mills,  2  carriage-shops,  Ac. 
Pop.  200. 

Brookville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Holbrook  township,  about  18  miles  S.  of  Boston,  and  1  mile 
from  the  Old  Colony  Railroad.     It  has  2  churches. 

Brookville,  a  post-village  of  Noxubee  co..  Miss.,  9 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Macon.  It  has  5  churches,  2  steam 
mills,  and  broom-  and  wagon-factories,  Ac.     Pop.  424. 

Brookville,  a  hamlet  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  4  miles  from 
Syosset  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church,  a  carriage-shop, 
and  a  charitable  institution  called  the  Jones  Institute. 

Brookville,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  0.,  in 
Clay  township,  on  the  Dayton  A  Union  and  Dayton  A 
Western  Railroads,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Dayton.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  graded  school,  4  stores,  a  carriage-factory,  and 

2  tobacco  warehouses.     Pop.  618. 

Brookville,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Jeff'erson  co.. 
Pa.,  on  Red  Bank  Creek,  and  on  the  Low  Grade  division  of 
the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  104  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg, 
and  about  42  miles  S.E.  of  Oil  City.  It  has  a  graded  school, 
a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  and  6  churches.  Three 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  It  has  also  2  foun- 
dries, 3  grist-mills,  3  planing-mills,  a  machine-shop,  a 
woollen-factory,  2  furniture-factories,  and  6  hotels.  Pop. 
in  1880,  2136:  in  1890,  2478. 

Brookville,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Croix  oo..  Wis.,  on 
the  Eau  Galle  River,  3  miles  from  Woodville  Railroad  Sta- 
tion, and  about  27  miles  E.  by  S.  from  Hudson.  It  has  a 
ehurch  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Brookville,  a  post-village  in  Cumberland  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  Minas  Basin,  15  miles  from  Parrsborough.    P.  100. 

Brookville,  Nova  Scotia.     See  Beaver  River. 

Brookville,  Halton  co.,  Ontario.    See  Nassagaweya. 

Broom'all,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co..  Pa.,  in  Mar- 
pie  township,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Bryn  Mawr.   It  has  a  church. 

Broome,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  New  York,  border- 
ing on  Pennsylvania,  has  an  area  of  about  700  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  is  partly 
drained  by  the  Chenango  and  Tioughnioga  Rivers  and  the 
main  branch  of  the  Delaware  River.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating or  hilly,  presents  several  broad  valleys,  and  is  I 


extensively  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Oats, 
butter,  cattle,  hay,  potatoes,  leather,  and  lumber  are  th« 
chief  products  of  the  county.  It  is  traversed  by  the  New 
York,  Lake  Erie  A  Western,  and  the  Delaware,  Lacka- 
wanna A  Western  Railroads,  which  connect  at  Bingliainp. 
ton,  the  capital  of  the  county,  and  l>y  the  Delaware  A 
Hudson  Canal  Co.,  which  also  runs  through  the  capital. 
Devonian  sandstone  is  abundant  here.  Among  the  forest 
trees  are  the  ash,  elm,  beech,  hickory,  sugar-maple,  and 
white  oak  and  other  oaks.  Pop.  in  1870,  44,103;  in  1880. 
49,483;  in  1890,  62,973. 

Broome  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Gilboa  township,  11  miles  N.E.  from  Moresville.  It  has 
2  churches. 

Broom'fieltl,  a  township  of  Isabella  co.,  Mich.,  about 
60  miles  W.  of  Bay  City.     Pop.  84. 

Broom  Hill,  a  station  in  Clarke  co.,  Ind.,  14  milet 
by  rail  N.  of  New  Albany, 

Broomsgrove,  England.    See  Bromsgrove, 

Broom'town,  a  post-village  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ala., 
18  miles  N.E.  of  Centre,  the  capital  of  the  county,  and 
about  30  miles  W.N.W,  of  Rome,  Ga,     It  has  2  churches. 

Broons,  broN»,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  C&tes- 
du-Nord,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Dinan.     Pop.  2546. 

Broo'ten,  a  post- village  of  Stearns  co.,  Minn.,  1 04  miles 
by  rail  W.N.W,  of  Minneapolis,  and  45  miles  W,  by  S.  of 
St,  Cloud.     It  has  several  stores. 

Broqui^s,  bro'ke-i',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Aveyron,  22  miles  S.  of  Rodez,     Pop,  990, 

Bro'ra,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Sutherland,  after  a 
S.E.  course  through  several  lakes,  enters  the  Moray  Firth 
at  the  village  of  Brora,  4  miles  N.E,  of  Golspie, 

Broseley,  brOz'le,  a  town  of  England,  co,  of  Salop,  on 
the  Severn,  and  on  a  railway,  13  miles  S,E,  of  Shrewsbury, 
Pop.  of  parish,  4639,  engaged  in  coal-  and  iron-mines,  in 
foundries,  in  potteries,  and  in  making  tobacco-pipes. 

Bros'Iey,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co..  Mo.,  7  miles  S.  from 
West  Line  Railroad  Station. 

Bros'na,  Great  and  Little,  two  small  rivers  of  King's 
CO.,  Ireland,  tributary  to  the  Shannon. 

Bros'ville,  a  post-village  of  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va,,  about 
20  miles  AV,  of  Danville.  It  has  2  churches  and  2  tobacco- 
factories.     Pop.  about  350. 

Brotherfield,  bruTn'^r-feeld,  a  post-office  of  Turner 
co.^  Dakota. 

Brother's  Valley,  a  township  of  Somerset  co..  Pa. 
Pop.  1597,  exclusive  of  Berlin. 

Brotherton,  bruTH'^r-tpn,  a  post-village  of  St.  Louis 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri  River,  opposite  St.  Charles  City, 
and  on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  A  Northern  Railroad, 
20  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  is  at  the  east  end  of  a  great 
railroad  bridge  which  connects  it  with  St.  Charles.  It  has 
a  church,  a  bank,  and  a  grist-mill, 

Brothertown,  briiTii'^r-tSwn,  a  post-township  of 
Calumet  co,,  Wis.,  about  16  miles  N.E.  of  Fond  du  Lac,  is 
bounded  on  the  W,  by  Lake  Winnebago,  It  has  2  churches 
Pop,  1692, 

Brotterode,  brot-t?r-o'd?h,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Prussian  Hesse,  7  miles  N,  of  Schmalkalden.     Pop.  2794. 

Brotzingen,  brot'zing-^n,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Baden,  2  miles  W.  of  Pforzheim.     Pop.  3331. 

Brotz'manville,  a  post-office  of  AVarren  co.,  N.J, 

Brou,  broo,  a  town  of  France,  in  Eure-et-Loir,  on  the 
Ozanne,  22  miles  S.W.  of  Chartres.     Pop.  2338. 

Brouage,  broo^Azh',  a  hamlet  of  France,  in  Charcnte- 
Inferieurc,  10  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Rochefort.     Pop.  COl. 

Brough,  bruf,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Westmoreland, 
7i  miles  E.S.E.  of  Appleby.  It  has  an  old  church,  an  en- 
dowed school,  a  branch  bank,  and  the  ruins  of  a  castle. 
Pop.  of  parish,  1397. 

Brough,  briif,  a  post-office  of  Dallas  co.,  Iowa. 

Brougham,  bro5'am,  or  Bent'ley's  Cor'ners    a 
post- village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  12  miles  from  Whitbv. 
Pop.  300. 
^Broughhead,  a  village  of  Scotland.    See  Burghhead, 

Broughshane,  brfth^shain',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co,  of 
Antrim,  3i  miles  E,N.E,  of  Ballymena,     Pop.  738. 

Broughton,  briiK'ton,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Peebles,  on  the  Tweed,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Peebles. 

Broughton,  brO'ton,  or  St.  Pierre  de  Broughton, 
siN"  pe^aiu'  d§h  bro^t^N"',  a  post-village  in  Beauce  co,, 
Quebec,  54  miles  S,  of  Quebec.     Pop.  200, 

Broughton,  bro'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co., 
III.,  on  the  St.  Louis  A  Southeastern  Railroad,  12  miles  S. 
of  McLeansborough.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Broughton,  a  township,  Livingston  co..  111.   Pop.  82.3, 

Brough'ton-in-Fur'ness,  a  town  of  England,  co 


BRO 


721 


BRO 


of  Lancaster,  on  the  Duddon,  and  on  a  railway,  29  miles 
N.W.  of  Lancaster.     Pop.  1085. 

Broughton  Island,  one  of  the  sea-islands  of  Mcin- 
tosh CO.,  (ja.     Pop.  71. 

Broughty  (braw'tee)  Ferry,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co. 
of  Forfiir,  on  the  Firth  of  Tay,  opposite  Ferrypori-on-Craig, 
to  which  a  steam  railway  ferry  plies.  It  is  handsome,  and 
greatly  resorted  to  as  a  bathing-place  by  the  inhabitants  of 
Dundee,  which  its  3  miles  distant.  Broughty  Castle,  on  its 
S.E.  side,  was  an  ancient  fortress.     Pop.  5817. 

Brousa,  or  Broussa.    See  BursA. 

Brouwershavcn,  brow'*ers-hd.Ven,  a  town  of  the 
Netherlands,  province  of  Zealand,  on  the  N.W.  coa#t  of  the 
Island  of  Schouwen,  near  the  sea.     Pop.  1803. 

BroAv'er,  a  post-office  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  at  Unionville. 

Brow'ers,  a  township  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C.   Pop.  781. 

Brow'er's  3Iills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C, 
17  miles  E.  of  Ashborough.     It  has  a  flour-  and  a  saw-mill. 

BroAvn,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an  area 
of  about  320  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Illinois  River,  and  on  the  N.E.  by  La  Moin  River.  The 
surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with 
prairies  and  woodland ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian 
corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Wabash  Railroad.  Its  S.  portion  is  watered 
by  McKee's  Creek.  Capital,  Mount  Sterling.  Pop.  in  1870, 
12,205;  in  1880,  13,041;  in  1890,  11,951. 

Brown,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Indiana,  has 
an  area  of  320  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Bean  Blos- 
som and  Salt  Creeks.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile, 
iedian  corn  and  wheat  are  the  staple  products.  Capital, 
Na?uyille,  situated  about  equal  distance  (20  miles)  N.  by 
W.  and  N.  by  E.  respectively  from  Columbus  and  Blooni- 
ington  cities,  the  nearest  railroad  stations.  Pop.  in  1870, 
8681;  in  1380,  10,264;  in  1890,  10,308. 

Brown,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an 
area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Dela- 
ware and  Wolf  Rivers  and  Walnut  Creek.  The  surface  is 
diversified  with  prairies  and  groves;  the  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products 
of  this  county,  which  is  intersected  by  the  St.  Joseph  A 
Denver  City  Railroad.  Capital,  Hiawatha.  Pop.  in  1870, 
6823;  in  1875,  8928;  in  1880,  12,817;  in  1890,  20,319. 

Brown,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Minnesota,  has  on 
area  of  about  460  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E. 
by  the  Minnesota  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Big  Cot- 
tonwood River.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  prairies, 
small  lakes,  and  woodlands;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat, 
oats,  hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  It  is 
traversed  by  the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  which 
passes  through  New  Ulm,  the  capital,  and  crosses  the 
county  from  E.  to  W.  Pop.  in  1870,  6396;  in  1880, 
12,018;  in  1890,  15,817. 

Brown,  a  county  in  the  S.S.W.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an 
area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S. 
by  the  Ohio  River,  and  is  drained  by  the  East  Fork  of  Little 
Miami  River  and  by  White  Oak  Creek.  The  surface  is 
mostly  undulating,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of 
the  ash,  buckeye,  hickory,  oak,  and  other  trees;  the  soil  is 
very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  tobacco,  wheat,  butter,  and  oats 
are  the  staple  products.  Silurian  limestone  is  abundant  in 
this  county.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Cincinnati,  George- 
town <fc  Portsmouth  Railroad,  which  terminates  at  George- 
town, the  capital,  and  by  the  Ohio  &  Northwestern  Rail- 
road. Pop.  in  1870,  30,802;  in  1880,  32,911;  in  1890, 
29,899. 

Brown,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Texas,  has 
an  area  of  about  lOOO  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
8.W.  by  the  Colorado  River,  and  is  traversed  by  the  Pecan 
Biver.  A  range  called  the  Comanche  Mountains  extends 
along  the  N.E.  border.  The  soil  is  adapted  to  pasturage, 
and  many  cattle  are  reared  here.  Capital,  Brownwood. 
Pop.  in  1870,  544;  in  1880,  8414;  in  1890.  11,359. 

Brown,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Wisconsin,  has  an 
area  of  about  520  square  miles.  It  is  partly  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  Green  Bay  (of  Lake  Michigan),  and  is  intersected 
by  the  Neenah  or  Fox  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Duck 
and  Suamico  Rivers.  The  surface  is  extensively  covered 
with  dense  forests  of  pine,  oak,  sugar-maple,  and  other 
trees.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  produces  wheat,  oats,  <fcc. 
Lumber  is  the  chief  article  of  export.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Green  Bay  &  Minnesota  Railroad  and  the 
Chicago  and  Northwestern  Railroad.  Capital,  Green  Bay. 
Pop.  in  1870,  25,168;  in  1880,  34,078;  in  1890,  39,164. 

Brown,  a  station  in  Terrell  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Southwestern 
Bailroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Dawson. 


Brown,  a  township  of  Hendricks  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1233. 

Brown,  a  township  of  Martin  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1048. 

Brown,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
2126.     It  includes  Brown's  Valley  and  AVaveland. 

Brown,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1673. 
It  includes  Mooresville. 

Brown,  a  township  of  Ripley  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  2234. 
It  contains  Cross  Plains. 

Brown,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Ind.   Pop.  1521. 

Brown,  a  township  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1327. 

Brown,  a  township  of  Manistee  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  526. 

Brown,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  0.  Pop.  2022.  It 
includes  Malvern  and  Minerva. 

Brown,  a  township  of  Darke  co.,  0.  Pop.  1239.  It 
contains  Dallas. 

Brown,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  0.  Pop.  1108. 
(Post-office,  Leonardsburg.) 

Brown,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  0.  Pop.  819.  It 
contains  Brownson's. 

Brown,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  0.  Pop.  1242.  It 
contains  Brownsville. 

Brown,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  0.  Pop.  1639.  It 
contains  Fletcher  and  Lena. 

Brown,  a  township  of  Paulding  co.,  0.     Pop.  1140. 

Brown,  a  township  of  Vinton  co.,  0.     Pop.  1297. 

Brown  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Taney  co..  Mo. 

Brown  City,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Sanilac 
CO.,  Mich.,  37  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Port  Huron.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  2  banks.     Pop.  600. 

Brown  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  N.C. 

Brown  Deer,  a  station  in  Milwaukee  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of  Milwaukee. 

Brown'ficid,  a  post-village  of  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  on  the 
Saco  River,  in  Brownfield  township,  and  on  the  Portland  & 
Ogdensburg  Railroad,  43  miles  N.W.  of  Portland.  It  has 
manufactures  of  lumber,  wooden-ware,  &o.  The  township 
has  3  churches,  and  a  pop.  of  1323. 

Brownfield,  a  coke  and  coal  village  of  Fayette  co.. 
Pa.,  the  head-quarters  of  the  Redstone  Coke  Co.,  3  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Uniontown.     Pop.  about  900. 

Brown  Hamp'ton,  a  hamlet  of  McLean  co.,  Ky., 
about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Owensborough.    It  has  2  churches. 

Brown'helm,  a  post-village  of  Lorain  co.,  0.,  in 
Brownhelm  township,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan 
Southern  Railroad,  24  miles  E.  of  Sandusky.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  stone-quarry.  The  town- 
ship is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake  Erie.     Total  pop.  1461. 

Brown  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Rockdale  township,  about  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Meadvillo. 
It  has  a  church. 

Brown'ing,  a  post-village  of  Schuyler  co.,  III.,  in 
Browning  township,  on  the  Illinois  River,  and  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Rock  Island  &  Chicago  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Beards- 
town,  and  10  miles  E.  of  Rushville.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  mill.     Pop.  214;  of  the  township,  2139. 

Browning,  a  post-town  of  Linn  co..  Mo.,  12  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Linneus.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks,  several 
mills,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  410. 

Browning's  Mill,  a  village  in  Exeter  and  Richmond 
townships,  Washington  co.,  R.I.,  3i  miles  from  Wood  River 
Station.     It  has  a  yarn-mill.     Pop.  60. 

Brown'ingsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co., 
Md.,  18  miles  direct  N.  of  Rockville.     It  has  a  church. 

Brown'ington,  a  post-town  of  Henry  co..  Mo.,  16 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Osceola.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  flour  and  brick,  and  an  abundance  of  coal  and 
fire-clay.     Pop.  329. 

Brownington,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Orleans 
CO.,  Vt.,  2  miles  from  Barton  Landing,  and  about  7  miles 
N.E.  of  Irasburg.  It  has  an  academy,  2  churches,  a  lum- 
ber-mill, Ac.     Pop.  901, 

Brown'lee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cherry  co..  Neb.,  43  miles 
direct  S.  of  Valentine. 

Brown's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Alabama  Central  Railroad,  21  miles  W.  of  Selma.  It  has 
a  church. 

Brown's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Edwards  co..  III.,  at  the 
junction  of  2  railroads,  4  miles  E.  of  Albion.  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  canning-factory. 

Brown's,  a  station  and  village  in  Berrien  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  Chicago  &  Michigan  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  16  miles 
S.S.W.  of  St.  Joseph.  It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  cheese-fac- 
tory.    (Post-office,  Sawyer.) 

Brown's,  a  station  in  Carson  co.,  Nev.,  on  the  Central 
Pacific  Railroad,  70  miles  N.E.  of  Reno. 

Brown's,  a  station  in  Washoe  co.,  Nev.,  on  the  Vir- 
ginia &>  Truckee  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Reno 


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Brown's,  a  station  in  Jcfforson  oo.,  0.,  on  the  CIovo- 
lund  A  I'ittoburg  llailroiul,  0  miles  N.  of  Steubenville. 

Brown's,  a  station  in  Preblo  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Dajton  A 
Western  Railroad,  24  iniloa  W.N.W.  of  Dayton. 

Brown's,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg  &  Connollsville 
Railroad,  0  miles  S.E.  from  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

Brown's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Deavor  co.,  Pa.,  in  Econ- 
omy township,  4  miles  K.  from  Baden  Station. 

Brown's,  a  station  in  Northampton  oo..  Pa.,  on  the 
Philadelphia  &  Erio  Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of  Catawissa 
Junction. 

Brown's  BIuflT,  a  hamlet  of  Qregg  oo.,  Tex.,  4  miles 
from  Ijonj<view,  near  the  Sabine  River. 

Browusborongh,  brownz'bilr-riih,  a  post-village  of 
Maditiun  cu.,  Ala.,  on  the  Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad, 
10  miles  N.K.  of  lluntsville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Brownsborougli,  a  post-village  of  Oldham  co.,  Ky., 
16  miles  N.E.  of  Louisville.  It  has  2  churches,  2  wagon- 
shops,  and  a  seminary.     Pop.  about  250. 

Brownsborougli,  a  post-hamlot  of  Jackson  co.,  Ore- 
gon, 100  miles  S.S.E.  of  Koscburg,  has  a  store.     Pop.  30. 

Brownsborough,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  oo., 
Tenn.,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Limestone  Railroad  Station.  It  has 
a  church  an<I  a  flour-mill. 

Brownsboroiigli,  a  post-oflSco  of  Henderson  oo.,  Tex. 

Brown's  Bridge,  a  post-ofBce  of  Forsyth  co.,  Ga. 

Browns'burg,  a  post-village  of  Hendricks  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  &  Western  Railroad,  and 
on  White  Lick  Creek,  14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Indianapolis. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  flouring-  and  a  saw-mill,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  public  schools.     Pop.  62.3. 

Brownsbnrg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Minn.,  14 
miles  S.  from  Windom.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Brownsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  co.,  Pn.,  on  the 
Delaware  River,  13  miles  above  Trenton.     It  has  a  church. 

Brownsburg,  a  po.st-villnge  of  Rockbridge  co.,  Va., 
24  miles  S.W.  of  Staunton.  It  has  a  tannery,  a  grist-mill, 
2  stores,  Ac.     Pop.  about  250. 

Brown's  Corners,  Ontario.    See  Rosemont. 

Brown's  Corners,  post-office,  Huntingdon  co.,  Ind. 

Brown's  Corners,  Crawford  co.,  0.    See  Lykkns. 

Brown's  Cove,  a  post-office  of  Albemarle  co.,  Va. 

Brown's  Creek,  North  Carolina,  runs  northeastward 
through  Anson  co.,  and  enters  the  Yadkin  River  about  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Wadesborough. 

Brown's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Winston  oo.,  Ala., 
7  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Double  Springs,  the  capital  of  the 
county. 

Brown's  Creek,  a  township  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  368, 

Brown's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prentiss  co..  Miss., 
about  9  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Booneville,  the  capital  of  the 
county.    It  has  a  few  stores,  Ac. 

Brown's  Creek,  former  name  of  Mount  Clare,  W.Va. 

Brown's  Crossing,  a  post-h.Tmlet  of  Baldwin  co., 
Qa.,  9  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Milledgeville,  the  capital  of  the 
county. 

Brown's  Cross  Roads,  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co., 
Ky.,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Albany,  the  capital  of  tho  county. 

Browns'dale,  a  post-village  of  Mower  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Red  Rock  township,  on  the  Southern  Minnesota  Railroad, 
104  miles  W.  of  La  Crosse.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill, 
a  graded  school,  a  money-order  post-office,  8  stores,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  300. 

Brownsdale,  a  post-hamlct  of  Butler  co.,  Pn.,  in  Penn 
township,  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Butler.     It  has  2  churches. 

Brown'sea  (or  Brank'sea)  Island,  in  England, 
CO.  of  Dorset,  li  miles  S.  of  Poole,  at  the  E.  end  of  Poole 
Harbor.     Pop.  151. 

Brown's  Hill,  a  station  in  Aiken  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
Port  Royal  Railroad,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Augusta,  Ga. 

Brown's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  W.Va., 
9  miles  N.  from  Wilsonburg  Station. 

Brown's  Mills,  a  post- village  and  summer  resort  of 
Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  on  Rancocas  Creek,  about  13  miles  B. 
of  Mount  Holly,  and  39  miles  by  rail  from  Camden.  It 
has  a  church,  grist-  and  lumber-mills,  and  boarding-houses. 

Brown's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  0., 
6  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Marietta,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
It  has  some  stores  and  general  business  houses. 

Brown's  Mills,  Franklin  Co.,  Pa.     See  Kauffman. 

Brown's  Mills,  Mifflin  co..  Pa.     See  Reedsville. 

Brown'son,  a  station  in  Cheyenne  co.,  Neb.,  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Sidney. 

Brownson's,  a  station  and  village  in  Brown  town- 
ship, Franklin  co.,  0.,  on  the  Columbus  A  Indianapolis 
Railroad,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Columbus.    It  has  a  church. 


Brown's  Point,  a  former  village  of  Monmouth  oo., 
N.J.,  now  a  part  of  Key  port. 
Browns'port,  formerly  Brownsport  Farnace,  a 

decoyed  village  of  Decatur  co.,  Tenn..  on  the  Tcnni'ssee 
River,  45  miles  S.  of  Johnsonville,  and  7  miles  S.  of  Perry- 
ville  Railroad  Station.     It  has  no  business  at  present. 

Brown's  Station,  in  Montgomery  co.,  Ala.,  is  near 
the  Tallnjjoosa  River,  and  on  the  Montgomery  A  West  Point 
Railroad,  19  miles  E.  of  Montgomery. 

Brown's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Clinton  oo.,  lown, 
on  tho  Sabula,  Ackley  A  Dakota  Railroad,  25  miles  W.  of 
Sabula. 

Brown's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Boone  co..  Mo., 
on  tho  Columbia  Branch  Railroad,  about  10  miles  N.  of 
Columbia.     It  has  a  coal-mine,  a  store,  and  a  hotel. 

Brown's  Station,  in  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  is  on  the 
Mt.  Holly,  Lumberton  A  Medford  Railroad,  1  mile  6.  nt 
Lumberton. 

Brown's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Ulster  A  Delaware  Railroad,  1 1  miles  W.  of  Kingston. 

Brown's  Station,  in  Warren  co.,  N.C.,  is  on  the 
Raleigh  A  Gaston  Railroad,  26  miles  W.  of  Weldon. 

Brown's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  S.C. 

Brown's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northumberland 
CO.,  Va.,  about  5  miles  b.S.E.  from  Hcathsville. 

Brown's  Summit,  a  post-hamlet  of  (Juilford  co., 
N.C.,  is  a  station  on  the  Richmond  A  Danville  Railroad,  12 
miles  N.  of  Qreensborough. 

Browns'town,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  HI.,  on 
the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  A  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  70  miles 
E.N.E.  of  St.  Louis.  It  was  formerly  called  Cumberland. 
It  has  2  churchjs. 

BrownstOAvn,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jackson  co., 
Ind.,  in  Brownstown  township,  1  mile  S.E.  of  the  Drift- 
wood or  East  Fork  of  White  River,  and  on  the  Ohio  A  Mis- 
sissippi Railroad,  98  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Cincinnati,  0., 
and  about  46  miles  N.  of  New  Albany.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  canning-factory,  an  academy, 
and  manufactures  of  flour,  lumber,  sush,  Ac.  Pop.  1422; 
of  the  township,  3306. 

BroAvnstowu,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
2490.     It  contains  Flat  Rock. 

BroAVnstown,  township,  Davidson  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  987. 

BrownstOAVn,  a  hamlet  of  Brown  co.,  0.,  20  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Hillsborough. 

Brownstown,  a  hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  in  West 
Earl  township,  2i  miles  from  Akron  Railroad  Station.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Brownstown,  a  post-village  of  Kanawha  co.,  W.  Va., 
and  a  station  on  the  Chesapeake  A  Ohio  Railroad,  10  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Charleston.  It  is  at  the  head  of  low-water  navi« 
gntion  on  the  Great  Kanawha,  68  miles  from  its  mouth. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  coal-mine. 

Brown's  Valley,  a  post-office  and  mining  village  of 
Yuba  CO.,  Cal.,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Marysville.    It  has  a  church. 

Brown's  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co., 
Ind.,  41  miles  by  rail  N.E.  from  Terre  Haute. 

Brown's  Valley,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Traverse 
CO.,  Minn.,  47  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Morris.  It  has  2  churches, 
2  banks,  and  two  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  500. 

Browns'villc,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ala. 

Brownsville,  a  locality  in  Lonoko  co.,  Ark.,  27  miles 
E.  of  Little  Rock.  Here  a  smart  action  took  place,  August 
25.  1863,  between  the  Confederate  and  Union  forces. 

Brownsville,  a  mining  post-village  of  Yuba  oo,,  Cal.y 
25  miles  N.E.  from  Marysville,     Pop.  350. 

Brownsville,  a  mining  camp  of  Clear  Creek  co.,  Col.^ 
1 0  miles  S.  of  Georgetown.  Altitude,  about  10,000  feet  above 
tho  sea-level.     Near  it  are  several  rich  silver-mines. 

Brownsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  P.aulding  co.,  Ga.,  18 
miles  S.W.  of  Marietta.     It  has  a  church  and  nn  academy. 

Brownsville,  a  station  of  White  co..  III.,  on  the  Cairo 
A  Vincennes  Railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Carmi, 

Brownsville,  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Brownsville  township,  on  the  east  branch  of  the  White- 
water River,  and  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  A  Indianap- 
olis Railroad,  33  miles  N.W.  of  Hamilton,  0.  It  has  3 
churches,  2  flour-mills,  and  manufactures  of  furniture,  Ac. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  900. 

Brownsville,  a  village  of  Mitchell  co.,  Iowa,  on  Little 
Cedar  River,  10  miles  N.E.  from  Osage.  It  has  a  grist-mill, 
a  general  store,  and  a  hotel. 

Brownsville,  a  post-village  of  Chautauqua  co.,  Kan- 
sas, 10  miles  N.E.  of  Sedan,  and  4  miles  S.  by  E,  of  Hale 
Station,  on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  It  has  several 
stores,  Ac. 

Brownsville^  a  post-village,  oapital  of  Edmondson  co,, 


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Ky.,  on  Green  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Nolin  Creek,  12  miles 
from  the  Mammoth  Cave,  and  about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Bowl- 
ing Green.  It  has  a  church  and  the  Green  River  Academy. 
Coal  is  found  here. 

Brownsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Md., 
Dn  the  Washington  County  Branch  Railroad,  19  miles  S.  of 
Hagerstown.     It  has  a  church. 

Brownsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Mich.,  in  Cal- 
vin township,  at  the  outlet  of  Diamond  Lake,  5  miles  S.E. 
»f  Cassopolis,  and  165  miles  S.W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  a 
flouring-mill.     Pop.  about  100. 

Brownsville,  or  Brownville,  Lenawee  co.,  Mich., 
is  now  a  part  of  the  village  of  Tecumseh. 

Brownsville,  a  post-village  of  Houston  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Brownsville  township,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the 
Chicago,  Dubuque  &  Minnesota  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  La 
Crosse,  Wis.,  and  about  32  miles  S.S.E.  of  AVinona,  It  has 
■everal  warehouses  for  grain,  which  is  shipped  here,  also  a 
graded  school,  5  churches,  2  breweries,  2  flour-mills,  and  2 
gaw-mills.     Pop.  805. 

Brownsville,  a  village  of  Hinds  co..  Miss.,  20  miles 
N.W.  of  Jackson.    It  has  2  churches. 

Brownsville,  Saline  co.,  Mo.    See  Sweet  Springs. 

Brownsville,  Nebraska.     See  Brownvillk. 
.   Brownsville,  a  hamlet  of  Sui'iivan  co.,  N.Y.,  about  5 
miles  from  Wurtsborough  Railroad  Station. 

Brownsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Granville  co.,  N.C.,  14 
miles  N.  of  Oxford,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

BroAvnsville  (Maple  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of  Brown 
CO.,  0.,  20  miles  S.E.  from  Batavia.     It  has  2  churches. 

Brownsville,  a  village  of  Kno.K  co.,  0.,  in  Brown 
township,  7  miles  S.  of  Loudonville.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  carriage-shop.     Here  is  Jelloway  Post-OfRee. 

Brownsville,  a  post-village  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  in 
Bowling  Green  township,  about  42  miles  E.  of  Columbus, 
tnd  15  miles  W.  of  Zanesville.    It  has  3  churches.    P.  384. 

Brownsville,  a  post- village  of  Monroe  co.,  0.,  in  Ben- 
ton township,  5  miles  from  the  Ohio  River,  and  about  25 
miles  N.E.  of  Marietta.  It  has  4  churches  and  a  high 
ichool.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Jolly.     Pop,  120. 

Brownsville,  a  post-village  of  Linn  co.,  Oregon,  on 
the  Calapooya  River,  about  22  miles  S.E.  of  Albany.  It 
has  an  academy,  a  money-order  post-ofiice,  4  cliurches,  a 
woollen-mill,  a'  grist-mill,  and  manufactures  of  carriages, 
sash,  ifcc.     A  newspaper  is  published  here. 

Brownsville,  a  post-borough  of  Fayette  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  right  or  E.  bank  of  the  Monongahela  River,  30  miles 
(direct)  S.  of  Pittsburg,  and  about  16  miles  W.  of  Connells- 
ville.  A  fine  bridge  across  the  river  connects  it  with  West 
Brownsville.  Brownsville  is  at  the  mouth  of  Dunlap's 
Creek,  which  separates  it  from  the  borough  of  Bridgeport. 
It  has  manufactures  of  window-glass,  iron,  steam-engines, 
machinery,  Ac,  3  national  banks,  5  churclies,  and  several 
flouring-mills.  A  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here. 
Steamboats  ply  daily  between  this  place  and  Pittsburg. 
Coal  is  mined  in  this  borough.  Pop.  in  1890,  1417;  of  the 
township,  additional,  252. 

Brownsville,  Mercer  co..  Pa.     See  Sandv  Lake. 

Brownsville,  a  station  in  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  about  1  mile  W.  of  Shenandoah. 

Brownsville,  a  post-township  of  Marlborough  co., 
S.C,  on  the  Pedee  River,  about  90  miles  E.N.E.  of  Colum- 
bia.    It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  1597. 

Brownsville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Haywood  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Louisville  &  Memphis  Railroad,  56  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Memphis,  and  28  miles  W.  of  Jackson.  It  is 
nearly  6  miles  N.  of  the  Hatchie  River,  which  is  navigable, 
and  it  is  a  shipping-point  for  cotton,  of  which  20,000  bales 
are  shipped  here  annually.  It  has  7  churches,  a  female 
college  (Baptist),  a  Methodist  female  institute,  2  banks,  a 
military  school,  a  cotton-compress,  3  cotton-ginning-mills, 
a  cannery,  a  roller  flour-mill,  a  free  school,  and  a  hotel. 
One  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.     Pop.  ( 1 890)  2516. 

Brownsville,  a  port  of  entry,  and  capital  of  Cameron 
CO.,  Tex.,  is  on  the  north  bank  of  the  Rio  Grande,  about  35 
miles  from  its  entrance  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  300 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Galveston,  opposite  the  Mexican  town  of 
Matanioras.  Its  prosperity  is  derived  chiefly  from  trade 
and  the  steamboat  navigation  on  the  river.  The  Rio  Grande 
Railroad  connects  it  with  Point  Isabel,  22  miles  distant. 
It  contains  a  custom-house,  a  college,  a  convent,  2  churches, 
and  printing-offices  which  issue  1  daily  and  2  or  3  weekly 
newspapers.  Brownsville  is  the  seat  of  a  Catholic  vicar- 
apostolic.  Here  was  the  site  of  Fort  Brown,  which  the 
Mexicans  attacked  without  success  in  Mav,  1846.  Pop.  in 
1880,4938;  in  1890,6134. 

Brownsville,  a  post-bamlet  of  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  in 


West  Windsor  township,  6  miles  W.  of  Windsor  Railroad 
Station,  and  about  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Rutland.  It  has  2 
churches  and  2  lumber-mills. 

Brownsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dodge  co.,  Wis.,  15 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Juneau.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  200. 

Brownsville,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  co.,  Ontario,  13 
miles  from  Ingersoll.     Pop.  100. 

Brownsville,  York  co.,  Ontario.    See  Schomberg. 

Brown's  Wells,  a  watering-place  of  Copiah  co..  Miss., 
5  miles  from  Martinsville.  Its  springs  are  said  to  have 
curative  properties. 

Brown'ton,  a  post-town  of  McLeod  co.,  Minn.,  61 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Minneapolis.  It  has  6  churches,  a  roller 
flour-mill,  a  plough-factory,  and  public  graded  schools. 
Pop.  450. 

Brown'town,  a  hamlet  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  1  mile 
from  Wyalusing  Railroad  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Browntown,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  Va.,  about 
12  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Front  Royal.  It  has  a  tannery,  and 
manufactures  of  boots  and  shoes.     Pop.  about  400. 

Browu'ville,  a  village  of  Lee  co.,  Ala.  See  Phcenix 
City. 

Brownville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mitchell  co.,  Iowa,  about 
8  miles  N.E.  of  Osage.  It  has  a  church,  a  district  school, 
a  flour-  and  feed-mill,  and  a  creamery. 

Brownville,  a  post-village  of  Piscataquis  co..  Me.,  in 
Brownville  township,  on  Pleasant  River,  4  miles  N.N.B.  of 
Sebec,  and  about  42  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Bangor.  It  has  2 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  slate  and  lumber.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1074. 

Brownville,  or  Brownsville,  a  pleasant  post-town 
of  Nemaha  co.,  Neb.,  on  the  Missouri  River,  23  miles  by 
rail  S.S.E.  of  Nebraska  City,  and  80  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lin- 
coln, with  which  it  is  also  connected  by  railroad.  By  water 
it  is  nearly  1 20  miles  below  Omaha.  It  contains  5  churches, 
a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  several  mills  or 
factories.  Brownville  is  one  of  the  oldest  towns  in  Nebraska. 
Pop.  in  1890,  980. 

Brownville,  or  Brownsville,  a  post-village  of  Jef- 
ferson CO.,  N.Y.,  is  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  on 
Black  River,  and  on  the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg 
Railroad,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Watertown.  It  has  4  churches, 
an  iron-foundry,  5  paper-mills,  5  wood-pulp-mills.  Pop. 
666;  of  the  township,  3110.  The  township  borders  on 
Lake  Ontario. 

Brown'wood,  a  thriving  city,  the  capital  of  Brown 
CO.,  Tex.,  is  beautifully  situated  on  2  railroads,  71  miles 
N.W.  of  Lampasas,  and  140  miles  S.W.  of  Fort  Worth.  It 
has  6  churches,  3  national  banks,  manufactures  of  grain 
products,  iron-cornices,  saddlery,  harness,  ice,  &c.  It  has 
a  newspaper  office,  and  is  the  seat  of  a  Presbyterian  and  a 
Baptist  college.     Pop.  in  1880,  725;  in  1890,  2146. 

Brox'burn,  a  village  of  Scotland,  in  Linlithgowshire, 
on  a  railway,  12  miles  W.  of  Edinburgh.     Pop.  1457. 

Broylesville,  broilz'vil,  a  village  of  Washington  co., 
Tenn.,  2  miles  from  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  <fc  Georgia 
Railroad.     It  has  a  church,  2  flour-mills,  and  2  saw-mills. 

Brozas,  bro'this,  a  town  of  Spain,  24  miles  N.W.  of 
Caceres.     It  has  an  old  castle.     Pop.  5560. 

Brozzi,  brot'see,  a  town  of  Italy,  6  miles  W.  of  Flor- 
ence, on  the  Arno,  with  straw-hat  works.     Pop.  8830. 

Bru'ar,  a  small  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Perth,  joins 
the  Garry  2  miles  AY.S.W.  of  Blair-Athol. 

Bruay,  brii'i',  a  village  of  Franco,  department  of  Nord, 
3  miles  from  Valenciennes.     Pop.  3870. 

Bruce,  a  township  of  La  Salle  CO.,  HI.  Pop.  1921.  It 
ncludes  Streator. 

Bruce,  a  post-office  of  Moultrie  co..  111.,  and  a  station 
on  the  Chicago  &  Paducah  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Sullivan 
Junction. 

Bruce,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  651. 

Bruce,  a  township  of  Macomb  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  2045. 

Bruce,  a  station  in  Marquette  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  railroad 
from  Marquette  to  Ishpeming,  5  miles  W.  of  Marquette. 

Bruce,  a  township  of  Guilford  co.,  NIC.     Pop.  1034. 

Bruce,  a  station  in  York  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Peach  Bottom 
Railroad,  25  miles  S.E.  of  York. 

Bruce,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Ontario,  on  Lake 
Huron.  Area,  1638  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Saugeen  River,  and  traversed  by  two  railways.  Capital, 
Walkerton.     Pop.  48,515. 

Bruce'lield,  a  post- village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  6 
miles  from  Seaforth.     Pop.  250. . 

Bruce  Mines,  a  post-village  in  the  district  of  Algoma, 
Ontario,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Lake  Huron,  opposite  the  island 
of  St.  Joseph,  45  miles  S.E.  of  Sault  Ste.  Marie.  It  con- 
tains 2  churches  and  3  stores.     Pop.  500. 


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Bnioe*8»  astation  in  Knox  co.,  Tenn.,  on  tbe  Knoxville 
A  Charlestun  Railroad,  near  Knoxville. 

Bruce's  Crossing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ontonagon  co., 
Mich.,  15  miles  E.  by  S.  uf  Lake  Gogobic,  and  26  mileidirect 
B.  by  E.  of  Ontonagon,  tbe  capital  of  the  county. 

Bruce's  Lake»  a  hamlet  of  Fulton  oo.,  Ind.,  8  miles 
E.  of  Winamac. 

Bruce'ton  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Preston  oo.,  W.Va., 
about  20  uiilcs  E.  of  Mor^antown.     Pop.  100. 

Bruce'towu,  a  post-village  of  Frederick  co..  Va.,  1 
mile  from  Wadosville  SUittun  on  the  railroad  between 
Harper's  Ferry  and  Winchester,  and  U  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Winchester.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  flour, 
woollen  goods,  and  carpets.     Pop.  250. 

Briice'ville,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Indianapolis  d  Vinoennes  Railroad,  V  miles  N.E.  of  Vin- 
cennes.     It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy. 

Bruceville,  a  station  and  village  in  Curroll  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Frederick  &  Pennsylvania  Line  Railroad,  5  miles 
S.W.  of  Taneytown,  at  the  crossing  of  the  Western  Mary- 
land Railroad,  49  miles  from  Baltimore.  Here  the  Big 
Pipe  Creek  is  spanned  by  a  fine  iron  bridge.  The  village 
has  manufactures  of  phosphates  and  agricultural  tools. 
Nearest  post-oflBce,  York  Road. 

Bruceville,  a  hamlet  of  Rosendale  township,  Ulster 
CO.,  N.Y.,  1  mile  N.E.  of  High  Falls.  It  has  a  cement-mill 
»nd  several  kilns.     Pop.  about  60. 

Bruceville,  a  post-town  of  McLennan  co.,  Tex.,  18 
miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Waco.  It  has  3  churches,  2  high 
schools,  nnd  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  300. 

Brnchsal,  br55K's&l,  a  town  of  Germany,  grand  duchy 
of  Baden,  on  the  Salzbach,  at  a  railway  junction,  12  miles 
N.E.  of  Carlsruhe.  It  has  a  fine  palace,  a  gymnasium,  a 
hospital,  and  barracks.     Pop.  9762. 

Bruck,  a  village  of  Scotland.     See  Brugo. 

Briick,  briik,  or  brSok,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria,  on  the 
Leytha,  23  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  4203. 

Bruck,  a  small  town  of  Austria,  in  Styria,  at  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Mur  and  the  Miirz,  and  at  a  railway  junc- 
tion, 25  miles  N.N.W.  of  Gratz.     Pop.  2444. 

Briick,  briik,  a  town  of  Prussia,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Bran- 
denburg.    Pop.  1377. 

Bruck,  br5ok,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  2  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Erlnngen.on  the  Regnitz.  Pop.  1205.  There  are  numerous 
Tillages  of  this  name  in  the  different  states  of  Germany, 

Briickenau,  briik'k^n-ow^  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
Sinn,  36  miles  N.  of  Wiirzburg,  with  a  royal  castle,  and  2 
paper-mills.  Pop.  1669.  About  2  miles  distant,  in  the 
Sinn  Valley,  are  the  baths  of  Briickenau. 

Brncomagus,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Brumath. 

Briiel,  brii'fil,  a  town  of  Mecklenburg-Schwerin,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Schwerin.     Pop.  2012. 

Bruellet's,  a  township  of  Edgar  co.,  III.     Pop.  1086. 

Brnff,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  14^  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Limerick.     Pop.  1687. 

Brugelette,  brii'zh§h-lJtt',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
Hainaut,  on  the  Bender,  14  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Mons.  Here 
are  a  Jesuit  college  and  a  great  orphanage.     Pop.  1627. 

Bruges,  bru'jiz  (Fr.  pron.  briizh;  Dutch,  Brnc/r/e, 
briig'gh^h,  or  Druggen,  brug'gh^n,  i.e.,  "bridges;"  Ger. 
Brugge,  brilg'gh?h  ;  L.  Bni'gK),  a  city  of  Belgium,  capital 
of  the  province  of  West  Flanders,  at  the  junction  of  sev- 
eral railways  and  of  numerous  large  canals,  55  miles  N.W. 
of  Brussels.  Lat.  61°  12'  30"  N. ;  Ion.  3°  13'  44"  E. 
Bruges  is  surrounded  by  walls  and  defended  by  an  old  cit- 
adel ;  it  is  one  of  the  most  flourishing  commercial  cities 
in  the  kingdom.  It  owes  its  name  to  the  number  of  bridges 
1  (upwards  of  60)  which  cross  its  canals,  and  is  remarkable 
for  the  many  fine  Gothic  buildings  which  it  contains,  richly 
decorated  with  sculpture  and  paintings ;  among  which  are 
the  church  of  Notre  Dame,  with  the  tomb  of  Charles  the 
Bold,  the  cathedral  of  St.  Sauveur,  the  palace  of  justice,  the 
Halle,  with  a  Gothic  belfry  and  the  finest  chimes  in  Europe, 
the  hospital  of  St.  John,  and  the  IlOtel  do  Ville.  It  is  the 
Beat  of  a  bishop,  and  has  a  tribunal  of  commerce,  an  athe- 
nsBum,  college,  theological  seminary,  academy  of  painting 
and  sculpture,  a  public  library,  schools  for  blind,  deaf,  and 
dumb,  an  exchange,  Ac.  Bruges  has  manufactures  of  lace 
(which  is  celebrated),  linen,  woollen,  and  cotton  fabrics, 
cordage,  tobacco,  and  soap ;  also  numerous  distilleries, 
breweries,  tanneries,  dye-works,  sugar-  and  salt-refineries, 
and  ship-building  yards.  Through  the  canals,  it  has  direct 
Intercourse  with  several  ports  in  Europe. 

In  837,  Bruges  was  fortified  by  Count  Baldwin  of  the 
Iron  Arm ;  and  it  was  first  walled  in  1053.  Early  in  the 
fourteenth  century  the  city  had  waxed  rich  and  powerful,  and 
in  the  Ilanse  League  it  took  the  leading  rank  as  the  central 


mart  of  Middle  Northern  Europe.  Under  the  house  of 
Burgundy,  Bruges  still  increased  in  riches  and  power.  In 
1430,  Philip  the  Good  here  instituted  the  order  of  the  (iollen 
Fleece.  Unhappily,  the  jiridc  und  turbulence  of  the  citiv.cns 
grew  nearly  commensurate  with  their  prosperity.  In  1488, 
they  rose  in  rebellion  against  Duke  Maximilian,  and  laid 
hands  on  his  person.  'Ihe  severe  measures  of  repression 
which  ensued  gave  the  first  blow  to  the  city's  prosperity, 
from  which  time  it  declined;  and  its  ruin  was  afterwards 
nearly  completed  by  the  Duke  of  Alva  and  Philip  II.  lu 
population  once  exceeded  200,000.     Pop.  in  1S87.  40.401. 

Bruges,  briizh,  a  town  of  France,  in  Ba8se8-Pyr6nCe8, 
12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pau.     Pop.  1671. 

Brugg,  brdoo,  or  Bruck,  brook,  a  village  of  Switzer- 
land, canton  of  Aargau,  on  tlie  Aar,  9  miles  by  rail  N.E. 
of  Aarau.  It  is  surrounded  by  walls,  and  defended  by 
conical  towers,  and  stands  on  a  portion  of  the  site  of  the 
ancient  ViiiUoniiaa,  remains  of  which  are  traceable.  Near 
it  is  the  ruined  castle  of  Ilapsburg.     Pop.  1338. 

Brugge,  or  Bruggcn.    See  Bklgks. 

Bruggen,  broog'gh^n,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  3  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  St.  Gall. 

Bruggen,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  9  miles  S.W. 
of  Keuipen.     Pop.  1398. 

Brugh's  (bruz)  Mill,  a  post-oflice  of  Botetourt  co.,  Va. 

Brugia  and  Bruges,  ancient  names  of  BitiDCKxcnTH. 

Brugnato,  broon-yi'to,  a  town  of  Itiily,  province  of 
Genoa,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Levanto,  on  the  Vara.     Pop.  808. 

Bruguierc,  La.    See  Ladrugui£re. 

Briihl,  briil,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  8  miles  S.S.A7. 
of  Cologne,  on  the  railway  to  Bonn.     Pop.  2993. 

Briihl,  a  village  of  Lower  Austria,  12  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Vienna.     Pop.  1383. 

Bru'in,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Ind. 

Bruin,  a  station  in  Parke  co.,  Ind.,  at  the  crossing  of 
the  Logansport,  Crawfordsville  A  Southwestern  Railroad 
and  the  Indianapolis,  Decatur  A  Springfield  Railroad,  19 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Montezuma. 

Bruin,  a  post-office  of  Elliott  co.,  Ky. 

Bruin,  a  post- village  of  Butler  co..  Pa.,  in  Parker  town- 
ship, on  Ihe  Parker  A  Karns  City  Railroad,  6  miles  from 
Parker.  It  h.as  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  soap-factory. 
Petroleum  is  found  near.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1710. 

Bruin,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Tex. 

Bru'ington,  a  post-office  of  King  and  Queen  co.,  Va. 

Bru'insburg,  a  steamboat-landing  of  Claiborne  co., 
Miss.,  on  the  Mis.sissippi  River. 

Bruko,  a  territory  of  Africa.     See  Brooko. 

Brul6,brooN4',  astation  in  Keith  co..  Neb.,  on  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad,  and  on  the  South  Platte  River,  9  miles 
W.  of  Ogalalla.  » 

Brul^,  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  S.D.,  8  miles  direotJ 
N.  by  E.  of  Elk  Point. 

Brule  Harbor,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Point  Brule. 

Briilon,  brii'16No',  a  town  of  France,  department  of^j 
Sarthe,  19  miles  N.N.W.  of  La  Flfiche.     Pop.  1629.  J 

Bru'ly  (or  Brusly)  Landing,  a  post-village  of  West;! 
Baton  Rouge  parish.  La.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  130  f 
miles  above  New  Orleans.     It  hag  a  church.     P.  about  160, J 

Brumath,   broo^mit',   or    Brumpt,    broompt    (ano.^ 
Brucom'agns  ?  or  Brocom'agns  f)  a  town  of  Alsace,  on  the 
Zorn,  11  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Strasburg.     Pop.  5619.     j 

Brum'field  Station,  a  post-office  of  Boyle  co.,  Ky^j 
17  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Lebanon.  j 

Brum'fieldville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  in! 
Amity  township,  about  12  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Reading.  Iti| 
has  2  churches. 

Brum'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Miller  co.,  Mo.,  about  401 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Jefferson  City.     Lead  is  found  here.  I 

Brummen,  brum'm^n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  inj 
Gelderland,  on  the  Yssel,  14  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Arnhem.j 
Pop.  6337.  i 

Brum'mett's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Whitley  oo.,| 
Ky..  10  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Williamsburg. 

Brumow,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Braunait. 

Brun'didge,a  post-town  of  Pike  co.,  Ala.,  12  miles  b) 
rail  S.E.  of  Troy.  It  has  4  churches,  a  high  school,  and  \ 
cotton-gin-factory.     Pop.  about  600. 

Brundisium,  or  Brundo«ium.    See  Brindisi. 

Brun6,  broo-n^',  Bruni,  or  Brunai,  broo-ni', 
island  in  the  colony  of  Tasmania,  separated  from  the  maia<^ 
land  by  D'Entrocasteaux  Bay.    It  is  32  miles  long,  narrow 
and  of  exceedingly  various  outline.    Area,  140  square  mile 
Lat.  43°  30'  S. ;  Ion.  147°  30'  E. 

Bruneau,  broo'no',  a  small  river  of  Idaho,  runs  nearlj 
northward  in  Owyhee  co.,  and  enters  the  Snake  River  nea 
lat.  43°  N.  and  Ion.  116°  W. 


I 


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Bruneau  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Owyhee  co.,  Idaho. 
;-  Bruneck  (broo'nSk'),  or  Brunecken,  broo-nfik'§n 
(Ital.  Brunecco,  broo-nfik'ko),   a  town  of  Austria,  Tyrol, 
fcbout  50  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Innspruck.     Pop.  1878. 
■    Bruner,   Calhoun  co.,  Ala.    See  Sulphur  Spiungs. 

Bru'nersburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Defiance  co.,  0.,  2 
miles  W.  of  Defiance.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  and  a 
flour-mill. 

Brunet,  brii*ni',  an  island  at  the  entrance  of  Fortune 
Bay,  Newfoundland,  25  miles  N.B.  of  Miquelon.  It  has  a 
light-house.     Pop.  80. 

Bruni,  a  country  in  the  island  of  Borneo.    See  Borneo. 

Bruniquel,  brii'nee^kSl',  a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn-et- 
Garonne,  41  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Montauban.     Pop.  1634. 

Briinn,  briinn  (Slavic,  Brno,  i.e.,  "  ford"),  a  fortified 
city  of  Austria,  capital  of  Moravia,  on  a  declivity  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Schwarza  and  the  Zwittau,  70  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Vienna,  and  116  miles  S.W.  of  Prague.  It  is 
the  terminus  of  several  railways.  Lat.  49°  11'  39"  N. ; 
Ion.  16°  36'  54"  E.  The  city  is  separated  by  its  boulevards 
and  cultivated  grounds  from  several  suburbs,  and  was  for- 
merly defended  by  the  citadel  of  Spielberg,  afterwards  a 
prison,  in  which  Silvio  Pellico  was  confined.  Streets  nar- 
row and  crooked,  but  well  paved  and  lighted.  Briinn  has 
numerous  fine  buildings,  including  the  cathedral,  St.  Jacob's 
and  other  churches,  the  landhaus.  the  barracks  (a  vast  pile, 
formerly  a  Jesuits'  college),  the  city  hall,  theatre,  and  pal- 
aces. Briinn  is  the  seat  of  a  bishop.  It  has  philosophical, 
theological,  diocesan,  and  normal  schools,  a  gymnasium,  and 
a  great  number  of  educational  and  charitable  establish- 
ments. Its  manufactures  of  woollen  goods  are  extensive. 
Cotton  goods,  silk,  glass,  soap,  tobacco,  and  machinery  are 
also  manufactured ;  and  its  tanneries  and  leather-factories 
are  important.  The  city  is  the  centre  of  a  large  trade  be- 
tween Bohemia  and  Austria  and  the  countries  N.  and  E.  of 
the  Carpathian  Mountains.  Briinn  is  an  ancient  town  ;  its 
citadel  was  blockaded  by  the  Hungarians  in  947,  and  the 
town  itself  was  besieged  by  the  Swedes  in  1645,  and  by  the 
Prussians  in  1742.     Pop.  in  1880,  82,660;  in  1890,  95,342. 

Brunn-am-Gebirge,  broon-3,m-ga-be5R'Gh§h,  a 
town  of  Austria,  7  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Vienna.    Pop.  2070. 

Brunnen,  broon'nen,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  3i  miles  S.W.  of  Schwytz,  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Muotta,  in  the  Lake  of  Lucerne.  Here  the  deputies  of  the 
three  original  cantons,  Uri,  Schwytz,  and  Unterwalden,  laid 
the  basis  of  the  Republic,  December  9,  1315. 

Brunnens,  The  (Ger.  Die  Bmnnen,  dee  broon'nen, 
t.e.,  "the  springs"),  is  the  name  applied  to  the  watering- 
places  of  Germany,  Ac,  collectively. 

Brun'nerville,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Warwick  township,  2^  miles  from  Litiz  Railroad  Station, 
which  is  27  miles  S.W.  of  Reading.  It  has  a  church,  an 
iron-foundry,  and  manufactures  of  threshing-machines. 

Bru'no,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  294. 

Brunot,  bru'no,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVayne  co..  Mo.,  6 
miles  E.  of  Des  Arc  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church. 
Copper  and  lead  are  found  here. 

Brunsbiittcl,  broons'biit-t?l,  a  maritime  town  of  Prus- 
sia, in  Holstein,  on  the  Elbe,  near  its  mouth,  15  miles  N.W. 
of  GlUckstadt.     Pop.  1086. 

Brunshansen,  broons-how'z^n,  a  village  of  Hanover, 
on  the  Elbe,  15i  miles  N.N.E.  of  Stade.     Pop.  234. 

Brun'son,  or  Bron'son,  a  post-village  of  Hampton 
CO.,  S.C.,  on  the  Port  Royal  Railroad,  50  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Port  Royal.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  newspaper  ofiice. 

Brunstatt,  broon'stS,t^  or  brQn'st^t',  a  village  of  Alsace, 
3  miles  S.  of  Mulhausen.     Pop.  2362. 

Bruns'wick(Ger.  Brauniichweig,hTovrn'shwig;  L.  77r!(- 
nop'olis),  a  city  of  Germany,  capital  of  the  duchy  of  the 
same  name,  at  a  railway  junction,  35  miles  S.E.  of  Ilanover. 
Lat.  52°  16'  11"  N. ;  Ion.  10°  31'  29"  E.  It  is  of  somewhat 
antiquated  appearance,  many  of  the  houses  being  of  wood 
and  from  300  to  400  years  old.  The  city  was  formerly  for- 
tified, but  the  ramparts  have  been  levelled,  planted  with 
trees,  and  converted  into  promenades.  The  principal  pub- 
lic buildings  are  the  palace,  the  ancient  cathedral,  the 
mansion-house,  the  house  of  the  legislative  assembly,  the 
mint,  arsenal,  opera-house,  town  hall,  trades'  hall,  and 
others.  Besides  these  there  are  public  statues,  monuments, 
and  other  objects  of  interest.  The  museum  possesses  an  ex- 
cellent gallery  of  paintings,  comprising  many  works  of  the 
greatest  masters,  and  a  good  collection  of  classical  antiquities 
and  works  of  art.  The  city  contains  10  churches,  including 
the  cathedral.  The  educational  institutions  are  the  college, 
gymnasia,  a  seminary  for  teachers,  a  college  of  anatomy  and 
Burgery,  a  realschide,  and  several  other  schools.  Among 
the   charitable    institutions,  which  are  numerous,   are  a 


general  and  a  lying-in  hospital,  a  deaf  and  dumb  asylum, 
and  an  orphan  asylum.  The  principal  manufactures  of 
Brunswick  are  of  linen,  woollen,  hardware,  tobacco,  chem- 
icals, mineral  colors,  gloves,  beer,  china,  papier-mach6, 
leather,  <fcc.     Pop.  in  1875,  65,938;  in  1885,  85,174. 

Brunswick,  Duchy  op  (Ger.  Herzogthum  Braun- 
schweig, hfiRt's6g-toom^  brown'shwig),  a  duchy  of  Germany, 
forming  an  integral  part  of  the  empire.  It  consists  of  three 
larger  and  six  or  seven  smaller  divisions,  detached  from  one 
another  and  surrounded  by  foreign  possessions.  The  principal 
division,  containing  Brunswick,  the  capital,  is  of  a  compact 
and  oval  form,  with  the  exception  of  a  narrow  strip  towards 
the  N.E.  On  the  N.,  W.,  and  S.W.  it  is  surrounded  by 
Hanover,  and  on  the  S.  and  E.  by  Prussian  Saxony.  The 
second  larger  division  is  a  long  irregular  belt,  stretching 
from  E.  to  W.  across  South  Hanover,  which  of  course  forms 
its  N.  and  S.  boundaries,  while  on  the  E.  it  is  bounded  by 
Prussian  Saxonj'  and  on  the  W.  by  Rhenish  Prussia,  Han- 
over, and  Waldeck.  To  the  S.E.  of  this  division  lies  the 
third,  also  irregular  in  shape,  traversed  by  the  Harz  Moun- 
tains, and  surrounded  by  territories  almost  entirely  Prus- 
sian. Of  the  smaller  divisions,  Thedinghausen,  Bodenberg, 
Haringen,  Oelsburg,  Kalvorde,  and  a  patch  of  land  near 
the  village  of  Seinsfeld,  are  within  Prussian  territory.  The 
united  area  is  1425  English  square  miles,  exclusive  of 
mediatized  possessions  in  other  states. 

The  surface  is  generally  hilly.  Brunswick  proper  has  a 
considerable  extent  of  level  land.  The  principal  rivers  are 
the  Ocker,  Leine,  and  Weser.  The  principal  mineral  products 
are  gold,  silver,  antimony,  lead,  zinc,  copper,  sulphur,  vitriol, 
alum,  coal,  marble,  alabaster,  limestone,  gypsum,  potters' 
clay,  asbestos,  agate,  jasper,  and  salt.  In  the  Harz  Moun- 
tains asphalt  and  other  bituminous  substances  are  f(mnd. 
The  chief  manufactures  are  of  iron,  linen,  and  camlets; 
dyeing,  spinning,  and  brewing  are  also  carried  on  to  a 
considerable  extent ;  and  oil-  and  saw-mills  are  numerous. 
The  industrial  resources  of  the  country  are  carefully  and 
judiciously  cultivated  by  the  government.  The  constitu- 
tion of  Brunswick  is  a  limited  monarchy.  The  legislature 
is  composed  of  the  duke  and  a  representative  assembly. 
The  legislature  must  assemble  at  least  once  every  three 
years,  for  which  period  the  taxes  are  voted.  The  public 
debt  is  moderate,  and  the  duke  is  one  of  the  wealthiest 
princes  of  Europe.  The  people  are  nearly  all  Protestants, 
and  commonly  speak  Low  German  dialects.  Capital,  Bruns- 
wick.    Pop.  in  1875,  327,493;  in  1885,  372,452. 

Brunswick,  brunz'wik,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of 
North  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  950  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the  E. 
by  Cape  Fear  River.  The  surface  is  level,  and  partly  occu- 
pied  with  swamps ;  the  soil  is  sandy.  Indian  corn,  rice, 
pine  lumber,  tar,  and  rosin  are  the  chief  products  of  tha 
county,  which  is  intersected  in  its  N.  part  by  the  AVil- 
mington,  Columbia  A  Augusta,  and  the  Carolina  Central 
Railroads.  Capital,  Southport.  Pop.  in  1870,  7754;  in 
1880,  9389;  in  1890,  10,900. 

Brunswick,  a  county  of  Virginia,  bordering  on  North 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Meherrin  River,  and  bounded  on  the  N.E. 
by  the  Nottoway  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  and 
is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  Tobacco,  Indian  corn, 
and  wheat  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Atlantic  &  Danville  Railroad.  Capital,  Lawrenceville. 
Pop.  in  1870,  1.3,427;  in  1880,  16,707;  in  1890,  17,245. 

Brunswick,  a  post-town,  port  of  entry,  and  capital  of 
Glynn  co.,  Ga.,  on  St.  Simon's  Sound,  an  inlet  of  the  At- 
lantic Ocean,  12  miles  from  the  bar  and  about  60  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Savannah.  It  is  the  E.  terminus  of  2  trunk 
railroad  lines,  and  is  connected  by  coastwise  steamers  with 
ports  N.  and  S.  Brunswick  has  8  churches  for  white,  and 
about  as  many  for  colored  people,  2  national  and  3  state 
banks,  a  brewery,  cotton-  and  ice-factories,  oyster-  and  veg- 
etable-canneries, 2  large  colton-compresses,  3  newspaper 
offices,  and  annual  shipments  of  cotton  which  aggregate 
from  150,000  to  200,000  bales.  Lines  of  passenger  cars 
traverse  its  streets.  Pop.  in  1880,  2891 ;  in  1890,  by  United 
States  census,  8459,  by  local  census,  10,280. 

Brunswick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co..  111.,  2  miles 
N.W.  of  Shelbyville.     It  has  a  church. 

Brunswick,  a  post-haralet  of  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  in  Han- 
over township,  10  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Crown  Point. 

firunswick,  a  post-villnge  in  Brunswick  township, 
Cumberland  co..  Me.,  is  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Andros- 
coggin River,  at  the  head  of  navigation,  29  miles  N.E.  of 
Portland,  9  miles  W.  of  Bath,  and  about  6  miles  N.  of  Casco 
Bay.  It  is  on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  at  the  junction 
of  the  Bath  Branch,  and  also  of  the  Farmington  Branch 


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which  eonnoota  it  with  Lewiiton  and  Farmington.  A 
bridge  acro»a  tho  river  oonnectR  it  with  Topshatn.  The  falls 
or  rajtidii  of  tho  river  hero  afford  abundant  water-power. 
Brunswiclt  has  3  national  bunks,  2  savings-banks,  a  cotton- 
mill,  a  paper-mill,  and  several  other  mills  and  factories. 
One  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.  This  is  the  site 
of  Bowdoin  College  (Congregational),  which  was  founded 
in  1798  and  has  15  resident  professors  and  a  library  of 
36,000  volumes.  The  Maine  Medical  School  is  affiliated 
to  this  college.  The  township  contains  9  churches.  Pop. 
'of  the  village  about  3U00;  of  the  township  in  1890,  6UI2. 

Brunswick,  formerly  Barry  and  Berlin,  a  post- 
borough  of  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  6  miles  by  rail  £.  by  8.  of 
Harper's  Ferry.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Here  are  extensive  freight-yards  of  the  Baltimore  &,  Ohio 
Railroad.     Pop.  1000. 

Brunswick,  a  post-village  of  Kanabec  co.,  Minn.,  on 
Bnake  River,  about  60  miles  N.  of  Minneapolis.  It  has  2 
(tores,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  The  lumber  interest 
predominates,  pino  timber  being  abundant.     Pop.  388. 

Brunswick,  a  post-village  and  railroad  centre  of 
Chariton  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  north  bank  of  the  Grand  River, 
about  2  miles  above  its  confluence  with  the  Missouri  River, 
and  90  miles  by  railroad  E.  by  N.  from  Kansas  City.  It 
hns  10  churches,  a  high  school,  2  banks,  e.xton8ive  manu- 
factures of  tobacco,  stoves,  <io.,  and  2  newspaper  offices. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1748. 

Brunswick,  a  township  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  con- 
tiguous to  the  city  of  Troy.  Pop.  3237.  It  contains  Centre 
Brunswick. 

Brunswick,  a  post-village  of  Medina  co.,  0.,  about  20 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Cleveland.     Pop.  of  the  township,  980. 

Brunswick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn.,  19 
miles  by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Memphis.  It  has  3  churches, 
grist-  and  saw-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  about  400. 

Brunswick,  a  post-township  of  Essex  co.,  Vt.,  is 
bounded  on  tho  E.  by  the  Connecticut  River.     Pop.  221. 

Brunswick,  township,  Eau  Claire  co.,  AVis.     Pop.  706. 

Bruns'wick,  a  borough  and  northeastern  suburb  of 
Melbourne,  Australia,  is  adjacent  to  that  city.  Stone-cut- 
ting and  brick-making  are  the  chief  industries.    Pop.  4388. 

Brunswick  Bay,  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  Australia, 
in  Ion.  125°  E.,  receives  the  Prince  Regent  River. 

Brunswik,  or  Brunswyk,  brdons'^lk,  a  village  and 
parish  of  Prussia,  Ilolstein,  near  Kiel.     Pop.  1180. 

Bruntrnt,  a  town  of  Switzerland.    See  PouBNTnuY. 

Bru'ree,  a  village  of  Ireland,  in  Munster,  co.  of  Lim- 
erick, 4  miles  N.W,  of  Kilmalloch.  Tho  Irish  bards  here 
held  their  half-yearly  meetings  till  1746.     Pop.  520. 

Bru'ry  Island,  an  inhabited  islet  E.  of  the  mainland 
of  tho  Shetland  Islands. 

Brusa,  or  Broussa,  broo'si,  written  also  Bursa, 
booii'si  {anc.  Pru'sa  ad  Olt/m'j)um),  a  city  of  Asia  Minor, 
capital  of  the  vilayet  of  Khodavendighar,  at  the  N.  foot  of 
Mount  Olympus,  67  miles  S.S.E.  of  Constantinople.  Pop. 
probably  60,000.  It  is  beautifully  situated  in  a  very  fertile 
neighborhood,  and  has  a  magnificent  external  appearance. 
Its  houses  are  built  mostly  of  earth  or  wood;  its  streets  are 
narrow,  but  very  clean,  and  it  is  one  of  tho  most  agreeable 
cities  in  the  East.  It  has  between  200  and  300  mosques, 
large  bazaars,  numerous  khans  and  colleges,  several  churches 
and  synagogues,  Armenian  and  other  schools,  and  extensive 
Buburbs.  Its  mineral  baths  have  been  famous ;  they  are  of 
vnrious  kinds  and  temperatures,  and  mostly  under  cover  of 
fine  buildings.  The  city  contains  various  remains  of  an- 
tiquity. Brusa  is  one  of  tho  most  flourishing  commercial 
emporiums  in  the  Turkish  dominions.  Its  principal  trade 
is  in  raw  silk;  and  it  has  manufactures  of  satin,  cotton 
cloths,  carpets,  tapestry,  gauze,  and  cotton  twist,  with  a 
traffic  in  corn,  opium,  and  meerschaum.  It  is  the  seat  of  a 
Catholic  bishop.  The  trade  with  tho  interior  is  facilitated 
by  caravans  from  Constantinople  and  Smyrna;  that  by  the 
sea  is  carried  on  from  the  port  of  Moodania.  Brusa  was 
anciently  the  capital  of  Bithynia,  and  after  the  capture  by 
Orchan  in  1356  it  continued  to  be  tho  capital  of  the  Turk- 
ish sultans  until  Amurath  removed  his  scat  of  empire  to 
Adrionople. 

Briisau,  brii'sSw,  a  town  of  Moravia,  31  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Olmutz,     It  is  celebrated  for  its  fine  flour.     Pop.  1060. 

Bruselas,  the  Spanish  name  of  Brussels. 

Brush,  a  post-office  of  Mercer  co..  Mo. 

Brusli  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  in  Highland  co.,  and  runs 
southward  through  Adams  co.  into  tho  Ohio  River.  Another 
Brush  Creek  rises  in  Adams  co.  and  enters  the  Scioto  River 
in  Scioto  co. 

Brush  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  oo.,  Ala.,  12 
miles  ''roiii  Greensborough.    It  has  2  churches  and  2  stores. 


Brush  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Butte  co.,  Cal. 

Brush  Creek,  a  post-villugo  of  Fayette  ou.,  Iowa,  la 
Fairfield  township,  on  tiie  Davenport  A,  St.  Paul  Kailroad| 
115  miles  N.N.W.  of  l)aveni)ort.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
bank,  a  foundry,  a  machine-shop,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
graded  school,  a  grain-elevator,  Ac.     Pop.  593. 

Brush  Creek,  a  village  of  Laclede  oo..  Mo.,  on  the  St 
Louis  A  San  Francisco  Railroad,  47  miles  N.E.  of  Spring* 
field. 

Brush  Creek,  a  post- hamlet  of  Chatham  oo.,  N.C., 
about  13  miles  W.  of  Pittsborough. 

Brush  Creek,  a  township  of  Yancey  co.,  N.C.  Pop.  495. 

Brush  Creek,  a  township  of  Highland  co.,  0.  Pop. 
1601.     It  contains  Sinking  Springs. 

Brush  Creek,  a  township  of  Jeflorson  co.,  0.  Pop. 
697.     It  contains  Monroeville. 

Brush  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Muskingum  co.,  0., 
about  7  miles  S.  of  Zanesville,  is  bounded  on  tho  N.E.  by 
the  Muskingum  River.     Pop.  1292. 

Brush  Creek,  a  township  of  Scioto  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1410. 
It  contains  Mount  Joy. 

Brush  Creek,  a  hamlet  of  Scioto  co.,  0.,  in  Rush  town- 
ship, on  the  Scioto  River  and  Ohio  Canal,  8  miles  N.  of 
Portsmouth. 

Brush  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.,  5} 
miles  N.E.  from  Rochester. 

Brush  Creek,  a  township  of  Fulton  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  876. 
It  contains  Akersville. 

Brush  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smith  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Nashville  A  Knoxville  Railroad,  14  miles  liy  rail  or  10 
miles  direct  S.W.  of  Carthage,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
It  has  several  stores  and  general  business  houses. 

Brush  Lake,  a  station  in  Champaign  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Columbus  A  Indianapolis  Railroad,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Ur- 
bana. 

Brush'land,  a  post-villago  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Bovina  township,  9  miles  from  Delhi,  and  about  60  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Albany.     It  has  3  churches. 

Brush  Mountain,  Pennsylvania,  a  ridge  in  tho  N. 
part  of  Blair  co.,  S.W.  of  Bald  Eagle  Mountain. 

Brush  Prairie,  a  post-office  of  McLeod  co.,  Minn. 

Brush  Prairie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarke  co.,  Wash., 
18  miles  N.  from  Portland,  Oregon.  It  has  a  church  and 
2  saw-mills. 

Brush  Siding,  a  station  in  Clarke  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Burlington  A  Missouri  River  Railroad,  5  miles  E,  of  Osceola. 

Brush'ton,  formerly  Brush's  Mills,  a  post-village 
of  Franklin  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Moira  township,  on  tho  railroad 
from  Ogdensburg  to  Lake  Champlain,  11  miles  W.  of  Ma- 
lone.  It  has  4  churches,  2  tanneries,  a  basket- factory,  3 
saw-mills,  and  a  manufactory  of  sash  and  blinds. 

Brusliton,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Brush  Valley,  a  township  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.,  which 
crosses  the  Chestnut  Ridge,  and  contains  the  village  of 
Mechanicsburg,  where  is  Brush  Valley  Post-Office.  Pop, 
1606. 

Brush'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Batavia 
township,  4  miles  from  Batavia.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  large  canning-factory. 

Brushville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waushara  co..  Wis.,  about 
27  miles  W.N.W.  of  Oshkosh.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Brush'y,  a  post-office  of  Hickman  co.,  Tenn. 

Brushy  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Jones  co.,  Miss. 

Brushy  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Anderson  co.,  S.O. 
Pop.  1752. 

Brushy  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Anderson  co.,  Tex. 

Brushy  Fork,  a  post-hamlet  of  Douglas  co..  111.,  about 
24  miles  W.N.W.  of  Paris.     It  has  2  churches. 

Brushy  Fork,  a  station  in  Doddridge  co.,  AV.  Va.,  on 
the  Middle  Island  Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of  Smithton. 

Brushy  Fork  of  the  Ouachita,  a  name  given  to 
that  part  of  the  Ouachita  River  which  is  in  Polk  and  Mont- 
gomery COS.,  Ark.     It  rises  in  Polk  co.  and  flows  eastward. 

Brushy  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Cross  co..  Ark. 

Brushy  Mountain,  township,  Wilkes  co.,  N.C.  P.434. 

Brushy  Prairie,  a  post-office,  Ind.    Sec  Spri.vgfield. 

Brushy  Run,  a  post-office  of  Pendleton  co.,  W.  Va. 

Brush'yville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co..  Ark.,  6  miles 
from  Sheridan. 

Brusly  Landing,  La.    See  Biiult  Landing. 

Brusque,  briisk,  a  town  of  France,  in  Aveyron,  12 
miles  S.  of  St.  Aflfrique,  on  the  Dourdou.     Pop.  1180. 

Brus'sels  {BatAi, Brutsel,  brus's^l ;  Fr.  BruxeUes,  brii'- 
s511';  L.  Bruxel'lte  or  Bruaola  ;  Ger.  Bruaf.l,  briis's^l;  It. 
Brusielle,  broos-s61'14;  Sp.  Bruaelan,  broo-si'lds),  a  city  of 
Europe,  capital  of  Belgium  and  of  the  province  of  Brabant, 


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on  the  Senne,  at  the  junction  of  several  railways  and  canals. 
Lat.  of  the  observatory,  50°  51'  11"  N.;  Ion.  4°  21'  10"  E. 
Climate  temperate,  humid,  and  very  variable,  but  healthy. 
Brussels  is  built  partly  on  a  hill  220  feet  above  the  sea-level, 
and  partly  on  a  flat,  through  which  the  Sonne  flows  beneath 
an  arched  covering  which  supports  a  new  boulevard.  It  is 
the  most  important  city  in  the  kingdom,  and  the  chief  seat  of 
public  instruction  and  industry,  the  residence  of  the  courts, 
the  scat  of  the  legislative  assemblies,  courts  of  appeal,  and 
chamber  of  commerce.  Brussels  is  remarkable  for  the  num- 
ber and  richness  of  its  ancient  buildings;  and  from  the 
elegance  of  its  new  quarters  it  ranks  among  the  finest  cities 
of  Europe.  It  consists  of  an  upper  or  new  and  a  lower  or  old 
town,  the  former  of  which  is  the  fashionable  quarter  and  con- 
tains the  royal  palace,  the  government  offices,  and  the  finest 
streets  and  hotels ;  it  is  well  supplied  with  water,  and  has 
many  richly-sculptured  fountains.  Between  the  city  and  the 
walls,  and  intermediate  to  the  suburbs,  are  the  broad  prom- 
enades and  drive,  replacing  former  ramparts  called  boule- 
vards. These  are  9  in  number,  and  shaded  with  double 
rows  of  lime-trees.  Of  the  ancient  fortifications  no  relic 
remains,  except  the  Porte  de  Hal,  a  baronial-looking  bar- 
bacan,  erected  late  in  the  fourteenth  century,  which  long 
served  in  later  days  as  a  prison.  Every  part  of  Brussels  ex- 
hibits a  congeries  of  twisted  streets,  with  the  exception  of 
those  recently  formed,  mostly  near  the  royal  palace.  Sev- 
eral of  these  are  really  handsome.  A  number  of  irregular 
areas,  called  places,  or  march6s  when  used  as  markets, 
are  to  be  found  at  intervals  through  the  city,  which,  how- 
ever, is  in  general  far  too  closely  built.  The  only  excep- 
tion is  in  the  extramural  quarters,  Leopold  and  Louise, 
beyond  the  Boulevard  du  Regent. 

Its  principal  squares  are  the  Place  Royalo,  Place  de  la 
Monnaie,  with  the  mint,  theatre,  and  exchange,  the  Place 
des  Martyres,  the  Place  du  Grand  Sablon,  the  Grand  Place 
in  the  lower  town,  in  which  is  the  Hotel  de  Ville,  a  noble 
Gothic  edifice,  in  the  grand  hall  of  which  the  abdication 
of  Charles  V.  took  place  in  1555.  The  present  modern 
edifices  are  the  palace  of  the  chambers,  the  king's  pal- 
ace, the  palace  of  the  fine  arts,  formerly  the  residence  of 
the  dukes  of  Brabant  and  of  the  governors-general  of 
Austria,  rebuilt  in  1746,  and  now  occupied  by  the  public 
library  and  museum ;  the  former  palace  of  the  Prince  of 
Orange,  remarkable  for  its  interior  decorations ;  the  church 
of  Notre  Dame  de  Bon  Secours,  and  that  of  Grand  Begui- 
nage,  both  of  the  seventeenth  century,  and  the  theatre.  The 
ancient  buildings  comprise  the  H&tel  de  Ville,  one  of  the 
noblest  buildings  of  the  kind  in  Europe,  with  a  spire  of 
open  stone-work  364  feet  in  height;  several  churches,  in 
general  decorated  with  rich  sculptures  and  paintings,  the 
finest  of  which  is  the  cathedral  of  Ste.  Gudule,  built  in  1273, 
and  celebrated  for  its  painted  glass,  numerous  statues,  and 
a  finely-carved  pulpit;  the  church  of  Notre  Dame  de  la 
Chapelle,  commenced  in  1134,  and  that  of  Notre  Dame  des 
Victoires,  of  the  thirteenth  century  ;  the  Broot-Huys,  or  old 
Hotel  de  Ville,  and  several  gates  of  its  ancient  walls.  The 
finest  promenades  are  the  Allee  Verte,  along  the  canal  from 
Brussels  to  the  Scheldt,  and  the  park,  an  extensive  enclosure 
near  the  royal  palace,  laid  out  with  avenues  of  trees  and 
ornamented  with  statues.  This  was  the  scene  of  the  chief 
struggle  in  the  revolution  of  1S30.  Three  miles  N.  is  the 
country  palace  of  Laeken.  Brussels  has  numerous  and  ex- 
cellent establishments  of  public  instruction,  a  free  university, 
founded  in  1834,  primary  normal  school,  polytechnic  school, 
an  academy  of  painting,  sculpture,  and  engraving,  a  royal 
school  of  music,  a  school  of  deaf,  dumb,  and  blind,  estab- 
lished in  1834,  and  numerous  primary  schools  and  schools  of 
industry.  Among  its  rich  scientific  and  literary  establish- 
ments are  the  astronomical  observatory,  one  of  the  finest  in 
Europe,  and  a  magnetic  observatory,  the  general  depot  for 
the  archives  of  the  kingdom,  the  public  library,  containing 
400,000  volumes  and  25,000  MSS.,  the  museum  of  painting, 
natural  history,  and  antiquities,  and  an  excellent  botanic 
garden.  It  has  an  academy  of  belles-lettres,  an  exhibition 
of  paintings,  and  another  for  the  productions  of  national 
industry.  Among  its  private  collections  are  the  library  of 
the  Bollandists,  and  that  of  the  geographical  establishment 
of  Vandermaelen,  containing  20,000  volumes  and  a  rich 
collection  of  maps,  in  connection  with  a  school  of  geography 
and  a  museum  of  natural  history. 

Brussels  is  the  seat  of  the  principal  banks  and  of  the 
only  mint  of  the  kingdom,  and  has  a  savings-bank  and 
many  wealthy  charitable  institutions.  It  is  one  of  the  great 
centres  of  Belgian  industry,  and  it  is  still  celebrated  for  its 
lace,  considered  the  finest  in  the  world ;  its  other  chief 
manufactures  are  of  fine  linens,  damask,  silk,  and  cotton 
ribbons  gold  and  silver  embroidery,  hats,  paper,  machinery. 


jewelry,  and  mathematical  and  musical  instruments.  It 
has  also  establishments  for  coach-building  and  cabinet- 
making,  manjifactures  of  chemical  products,  soap,  porcelain, 
and  crystal,  and  extensive  sugar-refineries  and  breweries. 
It  has  many  large  typographical  and  lithographic  estab- 
lishments, which  are  chiefly  employed  in  reprints  of  works 
published  in  France. 

The  Emperor  Otho  dated  a  decree  aptid  Brnsolam,  in 
976,  But  the  town  was  not  of  consequence  enough  to  be 
fortified  till  1044,  when  Lambert  Balderic,  Count  of  Louvain 
and  Brussels,  built  a  wall,  with  seven  gates,  around  it ;  and 
it  was  of  small  account  till  Flanders  passed  into  the  hands 
of  princes  of  the  house  of  Austria,  when  it  became,  in  1507, 
the  usual  seat  of  government  for  the  entire  Low  Countries. 

Brussels  was  taken  in  1706  by  the  Duke  of  Marlborough, 
and  by  the  French,  under  Marshal  Saxe,  in  1747.  The 
peace  of  Aix-la-Chapelle,  in  1748,  gave  back  Brussels  to  the 
Austrians.  In  1794,  General  Dumouriez  took  possession  of 
it  for  the  French  Republic.  It  remained  in  the  possession 
of  the  French  from  1794  until  1814  as  capital  of  the  depart- 
ment of  the  Dyle.  The  Prussians  took  possession  of  Brussels 
February  1,  1814.  September  11, 1815,  William  of  Orange- 
Nassau  was  inaugurated  at  Brussels  as  King  of  the  Neth- 
erlands. It  then  became  one  of  the  capitals  of  the  new 
kingdom,  alternating  with  The  Hague  as  the  residence 
of  the  court.  At  length,  September  23,  1830,  burst  out  at 
Brussels  the  revolution  which  established  the  kingdom  of 
Belgium,  and  Prince  Leopold  of  Saxe-Coburg,  elected  King 
of  the  Belgians  by  the  national  congress,  June  4,  1831, 
made  his  public  entry  into  Brussels  as  the  sole  capital  of 
his  new  kingdom.  Pop,  in  1800,  76,425;  in  1876,  183,080; 
in  1888,  181,270,  or  with  faubourgs,  462,069. 

Brus'sels,  a  post-village  of  Calhoun  co..  III.,  25  miles 
from  Jersey  ville.     It  has  a  church,  a  convent,  and  academy. 

Brussels,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  Mo.,  18  miles 
from  Wentzville.     It  has  a  church. 

Brussels,  a  post-township  of  Door  co.,  Wis.,  about  25 
miles  N.E.  of  the  city  of  Green  Bay.    Pop,  675, 

Brus'sels,  an  incorporated  village  in  Huron  co.,  On- 
tario, on  the  river  Maitland,  and  on  the  Wellington,  Grey 
&  Bruce  Railroad,  40  miles  from  Kincardine.  It  contains 
6  churches,  6  hotels,  2  saw-mills,  2  grist-mills,  an  iron- 
foundry,  a  woollen-factory,  a  door-  and  sash-factory,  a 
cheese-factory,  a  planing-mill,  17  stores,  and  a  printing- 
office  issuing  a  weekly  newspaper.     Pop.  1000, 

Briissow,  brii'sov,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg, 
on  Lake  Briissow,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Prenzlow,     Pop.  1540, 

Brusthem,  brus'tSm,  a  village  of  Belgiuui,  in  Lim- 
bourg,  10  miles  N.AV,  of  Tongres,  noted  for  a  signal  defeat 
of  the  Liggeois,  by  Charles  the  Bold,  in  1467.     Pop.  1099. 

Bru'ton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Somerset,  10  miles 
by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Frome.     Pop.  1691. 

Bru'ton,  a  post-office  of  AVood  co.,  Tex. 

Bruttium,  Bruttii,  ancient  names  of  Calabria. 

Bru'tus,  or  Maple  River,  a  post  hamlet  of  Emmett 
CO.,  Mich.,  18  miles  N.E.  from  Petoskey.  It  has  good 
water-power,  and  forests  of  pine,  sugar-maple,  &c. 

Brutus,  a  township  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  containing 
the  village  of  Weedsport,  and  traversed  by  the  New  York 
Central  and  Southern  Central  Railroads  and  the  Erie  Canal. 
Pop.  2831. 

Brux,  briiks,  or  Brix,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  at  a  rail- 
way junction,  14  miles  N.  of  Saatz,  on  the  Bila.  It  has  a 
gymnasium,  coal-mines,  and  manufactures  of  salts.  The 
mineral  spring  of  Sedlitz  is  in  its  vicinity.     Pop.  5972. 

Bruxelles,  or  Bruxellae.    See  Bru.ssels. 

Bruyeres,  brii^yain',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Vosges,  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Epinal.     Pop.  2386. 

Bruyeres-sous-Laon,  brUYaiu'-soo-lA'6No',  a  town 
of  France,  in  Aisne,  3  miles  S.S.E.  of  Laon.     Pop.  1076, 

Bruynswick,  broins'wik  or  brins'wik,  a  post-hamlct 
of  Ulster  CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Shawangunk  township,  about  16 
miles  W.N.AV.  of  Newburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Bruz,  briiz,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Ille-et- 
Vilaine,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Rennes.     Pop.  2836. 

Bry'an,a  county  in  the  E.S.E.  part  of  Georgia,  border- 
ing on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  has  an  area  of  about  470  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N,E.  by  the  Ogeechee  River, 
and  is  intersected  by  the  Cannouche  River,  which  also  forms 
part  of  its  S,W,  boundary.  The  surface  is  mostly  level, 
and  extensively  covered  with  pine  forests  ;  the  soil  is  sandy. 
Rice  is  the  chief  product  of  this  county,  which  is  traversed 
by  the  Savannah,  Florida  &  Western  and  the  Central  of 
Georgia  Railroads.  Capital,  Clyde.  Pop.  in  1870,  5252; 
in  1880,  4929;  in  1890,  5520. 

Bryan,  a  hamlet  of  Saline  co..  Mo.,  about  30  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Sedalia. 


BRY 


728 


BUG 


Bryan*  a  post-Tillage,  capital  of  Williams  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Air-Line  division  of  tho  Lake  Shore  Jt,  Michigan  South- 
ern Railroad,  53  miles  W.S.W.  of  Toledo,  and  about  42 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Fort  Wayne,  Ind.  It  has  a  court-house,  2 
national  banks,  a  money-order  post-office,  2  newspaper 
offices,  several  manufacturing  bouses,  and  tt  churches.  Pop. 
in  1880,  21(52 ;  in  18510,  3460. 

Brynn«  a  post-Tillage,  the  capital  of  Brazos  co.,  Tex., 
is  100  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Houston,  about  85  miles  (di- 
rect) E.N.E.  of  Austin,  and  0  miles  £.  of  the  Brazos  River. 
It  has  2  banks,  6  churches,  a  court-house,  a  chair-fnctory, 
a  carriage-shop,  8  cotton-gins,  an  ice-factory,  corn-mills, 
and  a  graded  school,  and  is  the  seat  of  the  Agricultural 
and  Mechanical  College  of  Texas.  Two  weekly  newspapers 
are  pubiisihed  in  the  village.  About  15,000  bales  of  cotton 
are  annually  shipped  here.     Pop.  2979. 

llryan,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Sweetwater  co.,  Wy- 
oming, on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  285  miles  W.  of  Lar- 
amie, and  13  miles  W.  of  Greon  River  City. 

Bryan's,  a  station  in  Callaway  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  rail- 
road from  Jefferson  City  to  Me.\ico,  42  miles  N.  by  E.  from 
Jefferson  City. 

Ury'anston^  or  Good'wood,  a  post-villago  in  Mid- 
dlesex CO.,  Ontario,  12  miles  N.  of  London.     Pop.  100. 

Bry'ansville,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Peach  Bottom  Railroad,  in  Peach  Bottom  township,  32 
miles  S.E.  of  York. 

Bry'ant,  a  post-office  of  Saline  co.,  Ark.,  17  miles  by 
rail  W.S.W.  of  Little  Rock. 

Bryant,  a  post-village  of  Fulton  co.,  III.,  7  miles  by 
rail  N.  by  £.  of  Lewiston.  It  has  several  churches  and 
3  stores.     Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  about  300. 

Bryant,  a  village  of  Jay  co.,  Ind.     See  Briant. 

Bryant,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Iowa 
Midland  Railroad,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Clinton.  It  has  2 
hotels,  a  ])ublic  school,  and  2  churches.     Pop.  150. 

Bryant,  a  post-village  of  Hamlin  co.,  S.D.,  24  miles 
(direct)  S.W.  of  Castlewood,  and  44  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W. 
of  Madison.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  and  2  newspaper 
offices.     Pop.  172. 

Bry'antown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Charles  co.,  Md.,  about 
30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Washington,  D.C.     It  has  a  church. 

Bry'antsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ind.,  8 
miles  N.  of  Madison. 

Bry'ant's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Ind., 
10  miles  S.  of  Martinsville.     It  has  a  church. 

Bryant's  Fork  (of  White  River)  drains  parts  of 
Douglas  and  Ozark  cos..  Mo.,  and  enters  the  Big  North 
Fork  about  8  miles  E.  of  Gainesville. 

Bryant's  Pond,  a  post-village  of  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  in 
Woodstock  township,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  62 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Portland.  It  has  2  churches,  a  carriage- 
shop,  and  a  tinware-shop. 

Bryant's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Ky. 

Bry'antsville,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Spice  Valley  township,  7  miles  from  Mitchell.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Bryantsviile,  a  post-villago  of  Garrard  co.,  Ky.,  25 
miles  S.  of  Lexington.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  175. 

Bry'antville,  a  post  hamlet  of  Plymouth  co.,  Mas.s.,  2 
miles  from  South  Hanson  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  shoe-factory. 

Bry'ar  Hill,  a  station  on  the  Chicago  <t  Canada  South- 
ern Railroad,  26  miles  S.S.W.  of  Detroit,  and  10  miles  W. 
of  Slocum  Junction,  Mich. 

Bry'don's,  a  station  in  Garrett  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Balti- 
more A  Ohio  Railroad,  .30J  miles  S.W.  of  Cumberland. 

Bryher,  one  of  tho  Scilly  Islands.     See  Brehar. 

Bryn-Mawr,  brun^mSwr',  a  town  of  Wales,  in  Brecon- 
shire,  on  two  railways,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Merthyr-Tydvil. 
It  has  iron-works.     Pop.  5739. 

Bryn>Mawr  (local  pron.  brin'-mar'),  a  post-village  of 
Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  10 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  6  churches-,  a  superior 
hotel,  a  national  and  a  private  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
It  is  the  seat  of  Bryn-Mawr  College  for  the  advanced  edu- 
cation of  women.  The  village  consists  mostly  of  elegant 
country-seats  and  cottages  of  citizens  of  Philadelphia. 

Bry'son,  formerly  Har'grave,  a  post-villuge  of  Que- 
bec, capital  of  Pontiac  co.,  on  the  Ottawa  River,  at  the  head 
of  Calumet  Falls,  60  miles  N.W.  of  Ottawa.     Pop.  260. 

Bryson,  a  post-village  of  Giles  co.,  Tenn.,  14  miles 
S.E.  of  Pulaski.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  250. 

Bryson  City,  a  post-village  of  Swain  co.,  N.C.,  50 
miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Asheville.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  ship 
and  insulator  pins.    Pup.  500. 


Brzesc-Litewski,  Brzesc,  or  Brzcst,  a  town  of 
Poland.     See  Buest-Litov.sk. 

Brzcsnica,  bzhfis-neet'sA,  a  town  of  Poland,  66  miloi 
S.E.  of  Kalisz.     Pop.  980. 

Brzesnitz,  bzhjs'nits,  or  Brzcsnice,  bzhfis-ncct'si, 
a  town  of  Bohemia,  40  miles  S.W.  of  Prague.     Pop.  2016. 

Brzestitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Przestitz. 

Brzezany,  bzh4-zh4'nee,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia, 
on  the  Zlota-Lipa,  54  miles  S.E.  of  Lemberg.  It  hiis  a 
castle,  a  gymnasium,  and  manufactures  of  leather,  sail-clotli, 
and  linen  fabrics.     Pop.  4734. 

Brzezcny,  bzh4-zh&'noe,  a  village  of  Poland,  12  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Kalisz. 

Brzezyn,  bzhi'zin,  a  town  of  Poland,  63  miles  S.W.  of 
Warsaw.     It  has  woollen-manufactures.     Pop.  6040. 

Brzozov,  bzho'zov,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Sanok.     It  has  manufactures  of  cloth.     Pop.  2650. 

Bu,  bli,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  £ure-et-Loir, 
7  miles  N.E.  of  Dreux.     Pop.  1286. 

Bua,  boo'fl,,  an  island  of  Dalmatia,  in  the  Adriatic,  im- 
mediately opj)osite  Trau.  It  produces  dates,  wine,  olives, 
and  asphaltum.  Pop.  3700.  Chief  town,  Bua  or  Sauta 
Croco.     Pop.  1380. 

Buache,  bu'ik  or  boo-Ash',  or  Garden  Island,  nn 
island  of  Western  Australia,  in  the  Indian  Ocean,  5  miles 
from  the  mainland ;  betwefln  which  and  the  island  is  Cock- 
bum  Sound.     Length,  6  miles. 

Buarcos,  boo-aa'koce,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of 
Beira,  on  the  sea-coast,  24  miles  W.  of  Coimbra.     Pop.  2817. 

Bub^ak',  a  village  of  Sinde,  on  the  borders  of  Beloo- 
chistan,  and  on  the  N.E.  shore  of  Lake  Munchar.  Lat.  26° 
6'  N. ;  Ion.  66°  52'  E.     Pop.  5000. 

Bubas'tis  (Scripture  Pi-beseth  ;  modern  Tel  lin^ta),  a 
ruined  city  of  Lower  Egypt :  the  remains,  situated  on  an 
arm  of  the  Nile,  at  its  delta,  14  miles  N.  of  Belbeys,  com- 
prise extensive  mounds  and  ruins  of  temples. 

Bubbio,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Bobbio. 

Bubendorf,  boo'b§n-doRf\  a  village  of  Switzerland,  in 
Basel  Land,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Basel.     Pop.  1377. 

Bnbion,  boo-be-on',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  35 
miles  S.E.  of  Granada.     Pop.  702. 

Bublitz,  boo'blits,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  23 
miles  S.E.  of  Ciislin.     Pop.  4251. 

Bubry,  bli^bree',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Morbihan,  17  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lorient.     Pop.  3493. 

Buc^atun'na,  or  Buck^atun'na,  a  post-village  of 
Wayne  co..  Miss.,  on  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  Bucatunna  Creek,  71  miles  N.  by  W.  from  Mobile. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  distillery  of  turpentine. 

Bucatunna  Creek,  of  Mississippi,  runs  southward 
through  Clarke  co.,  and  enters  the  Chickasawha  River  in 
Wayne  co.     It  is  about  90  miles  long. 

Buccaneer  (buk'kin-eer')  Archipelago,  a  group 
of  islands  in  the  Indian  Ocean,  near  the  N.W.  coast  of 
Australia.     Lat.  16°  S. ;  Ion.  123°  30'  E. 

Buccari,  book-ki'ree,  a  free  seaport  town  of  Austria, 
in  Croatia,  on  an  inlet  of  tho  Gulf  of  Quarncro,  5  miles  by 
rail  E.S.E.  of  Fiume.  Pop.  2116.  It  has  a  good  harbor, 
at  the  opposite  extremity  of  which,  5  miles  S.E.,  is  tho  vil- 
lage of  BUCCARIZZA. 

Buccheri,  book-ki'ree,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  of 
Syracuse,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Noto.     Pop.  4223. 

Bucchianico,  book-ke-i'ne-ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  4  miles  S.E.  of  Chieti.     Pop.  4163. 

Buccina,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Levanzo. 

Buccinarian  (boot'chce-ni're-&n)  Islands,  a  group 
of  small  islands  off  the  N.E.  coast  of  Sardinia.  Caprera  ia 
the  most  noted  of  these. 

Buccino,  boot-chee'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Salerno,  on  the  Botta,  here  crossed  by  a  Roman  bridge,  14 
miles  E.  of  Campagna.  Pop.  5500.  In  its  vicinity  are 
quarries  of  fine  marble. 

Buccleugh,  biik-klu',  an  old  parish  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Selkirk,  now  in  the  parish  of  Ettrick.  It  gives  the  title  of 
duke  to  tho  head  of  the  Scott  family.  Buccleugh  is  also 
the  name  of  a  suburban  parish  of  Edinburgh. 

Bucellas,  boo-sfil'lis,  a  village  of  Portugal,  in  Estre- 
madura,  14  miles  N.  of  Lisbon.     Pop.  2074. 

Buch,  biish,  an  old  district  of  France,  in  the  Bordelais, 
now  comprised  in  the  department  of  Gironde.  Capital,  La 
Teste  do  Buch. 

Buchan,  buK'an,  a  district  of  Scotland,  cos.  of  Aber- 
deen and  Banff. 

Buchan,  Bullers  of.    See  Bullers  op  Bucha;t. 

Buchanan,  buk-an'an,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central 
part  of  Iowa,  has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Wapsipinioon  River  and  Buffalo  Creek,  and 


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the  CoJar  River  touches  its  S.W.  extremity.  The  surface 
»f  the  county  is  undulating ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  AVheat, 
Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products.  A 
i  large  portion  of  the  county  is  prairie.  Among  the  forest 
trees  are  the  ash,  elra,  hickory,  white  oak,  maple,  and  black 
walnut.  Devonian  limestone  underlies  a  large  part  of  the 
surface.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Dubuque  &  Sioux  City 
Branch  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  and  the  Burlington, 
Cedar  Rapids  <fc  Northern  Railroad,  and  the  Chicago,  St. 
Paul  &  Kansas  City  Railroad  crosses  its  N.E.  portion. 
Capital,  Independence.  Pop.  in  1880,  18,546  j  in  1890, 
18,997. 

Buchanan,  a  county  in  the  W.N.W.  part  of  Missouri, 
bordering  on  Kansas,  has  an  area  of  about  430  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Missouri  River,  and  in- 
tersected by  the  Platte  River.  The  surface  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  hard  timber  ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  In- 
(  dian  corn,  wheat,  pork,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products.  It 
j  is  intersected  by  the  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  Railroad,  with 

!  which  other  railroads  connect  at  St.  Joseph,  the  capital  of 
the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  36,109;  in  1880,  49,792;  in 
1890,  70,100. 
Buchanan,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Virginia,  bor- 
dering on  Kentucky,  has  an  area  of  about  600  square  miles. 
•  It  is  drained  liy  the  Louisa  Fork  and  Russell  Fork  of  Sandy 
'  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  exteni^ively  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  produces  some  Indian  corn,  pasture,  Ac. 
The  Cumberland  Mountains  on  the  N.W.  separate  the  county 
I  from  Kentucky.  Capital,  Grundy.  Pop.  in  1870,  3/77; 
[  in  1880,  6694;  in  1890,  6867. 

Buchanan,  a  post-town,  the  capital  of  Haralson  co., 
I  Ga.,  43  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Rome.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high 
I  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  300. 

Buchanan,  township,  Jefferson  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1157. 

Buchanan,  a  township  of  Page  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  907. 

Buchanan,  a  hamlet  of  Taylor  co.,  Iowa,  in  Polk 
township,  7  miles  from  Hopkins,  Mo.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  about  75.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Siam. 

Buchanan,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ky.,  10 
miles  from  Rush  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Buchanan,  a  post-village  of  Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Buchanan  township,  on  the  St.  Joseph  River,  and  on  the 
Michigan  Central  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Nilcs,  and  87 
miles  E.  of  Chicago.  It  has  a  graded  school,  a  national 
bank,  6  churches,  a  fine  public  school-house,  a  newspaper- 
office,  a  foundry,  3  flouring-mills,  3  saw-mills,  manufactories 
of  furniture,  <fec.     Pop.  1702;  of  the  township,  2880. 

Buchanan,  a  township  of  Atchison  co..  Mo.    Pop.  905. 

Buchanan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bollinger  co..  Mo.,  on 
Castor  River,  about  120  miles  S.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  2 
churches.     Iron  ore  abounds  here. 

Buchanan,  a  township  of  Douglas  co..  Mo.     Pop.  430. 

Buchanan,  a  township  of  Sullivan  co..  Mo.     P.  1104, 

Buchanan,  a  post-office  of  Granville  co.,  N.C. 

Buchanan,  a  village  of  Pike  co.,  0.,  in  Pebble  town- 
ship, 9  miles  from  Waverly.  It  has  2  churches.  The  name 
of  its  post-office  is  Pee  Pee. 

Buchanan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  Tcnn.,  15 
miles  from  Paris.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Buchanan,  a  post-village  of  Botetourt  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
James  River,  and  on  the  James  River  Canal,  in  a  beautiful 
Talley,  about  38  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lynchburg,  A  bridge 
across  the  river  connects  it  with  Pattonsburg.  Here  are 
several  stores  and  mills,  and  4  churches. 

Buchanan,  a  township  of  Outagamie  co..  Wis.    P.  981, 

Buchanan's  Road,  a  station  in  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  AVaynesburg  Branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  18 
miles  from  Downingtown. 

Buchan-Ness,  biiK^an-ncss',  the  most  eastern  headland 
of  Scotland,  co.  of  Aberdeen,  2i  miles  S.  of  Peterhead.  It 
has  a  light-house,  lat.  67°  28'  N.,  Ion.  1°  46'  W.  Near  this 
are  the  "  Bullers  of  Buchan"  (which  see), 

Bucharest,  Bukharest,  or  Bukhorest,  bu^ko- 
rtst',  written  also  Boo^karesht',  or  Bukuresci  (i.e., 
"the  city  of  enjoyment"),  a  city  of  Southeastern  Europe, 
capital  of  Roumania,  in  a  swampy  plain  on  the  Dimbovetza. 
Lat.  44°  25'  39"  N. ;  Ion.  26°  5'  24"  E.  It  resembles  a 
large  village,  the  houses  being  surrounded  with  gardens,  and 
18  mostly  irregular,  but  some  of  its  streets  are  well  paved 
and  lighted  with  gas.  It  has  a  Catholic  bishop  and  a  Greek 
metropolitan.  There  are  many  churches  and  monasteries,  a 
foundling  and  other  hospitals,  a  university,  a  college,  a 
museum  with  a  public  library,  a  metropolitan  seminary,  and 
other  schools.  Bucharest  is  a  great  entrepot  for  commerce. 
Its  chief  trade  is  in  grain,  building-timber,  wool,  salt,  and 
wax.  It  is  at  the  junction  of  two  railways.  Many  news- 
papers are  issued  here,  and  a  street-railway  is  in  operation. 
47 


The  town  has  increased  rapidly  in  importance  of  late.  Pop, 
in  1872,  221,805. 

Bncharia,  a  territory  of  Central  Asia.    See  Bokhara, 

Buchau,  boo'Kow,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  13^  miles  E,S.E. 
of  Elbogen.     Pop.  1260. 

Buchau,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Ricd- 
lingen.     Pop.  2244, 

Buchberg,  booK'bSno,  a  town  of  Austria,  15  miles  W. 
of  Neustadt,  at  the  foot  of  the  Schneeberg.     Pop,  2249. 

Buchen,  boo'K^n,  a  town  of  Baden,  29  miles  E.N,E.  of 
Heidelberg.     Pop.  2180. 

Buchen,  a  village  of  Prussia,  at  a  railway  junction,  S 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Lauenburg.     Pop.  281. 

Buchholz,  booK'hilts,  a  town  of  Saxony,  on  a  railway, 
8  miles  S.E.  of  Griinhain,  on  the  Lehm.     Pop.  5247. 

Buchholz  Franzosisch,  booK'h6Its  frint-so'zish 
{i.e.,  "  French  Buchholz"),  a  village  of  Prussia,  6  miles  N. 
of  Berlin.     Pop.  1154. 

Buchholz  Wendisch,  booK'hilts  ^Sn'dish,  a  village 
of  Prussia,  36  miles  S.E.  of  Potsdam.  Pop.  1138.  Buch- 
holz is  also  the  name  of  several  villages  in  Germany. 

Buchhorn,  Germany.    See  Friedrichshafkn. 

Buchlowltz,  booK'lo--ft-its\  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Mo- 
ravia, 6  miles  W.  of  Hradisch.     Pop.  2069. 

Buchlyvie,  buK-li'vee,  a  village  and  burgh  of  Scotland, 
CO.  and  13  miles  W,  of  Stirling.     Pop.  339. 

Buchorest,  a  town  of  Roumania.    See  Bdcharest. 

Buch^ra'on,  or  BuchVoon',  a  town  of  India,  23 
miles  S.W.  of  Lucknow.     Pop,  6018, 

Buchsweiler,  booKs'^i-I^r  (Fr,  Bouxviller,  books'- 
ve^yaiR')  a  town  of  Germany,  Lower  Alsace,  16  miles  N.E, 
of  Zabern.     It  has  extensive  manufactures.     Pop.  3371. 

Buchtel,  book'tel,  a  post-village  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  6 
miles  by  rail  from  Nelsonville.  It  has  3  churches  and  sev- 
eral coal  and  coke  companies.     Pop.  about  2600. 

Bucine,  boo-chee'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Arezzo,  25 
miles  S.E.  of  Florence,  on  the  Ambra.     Pop.  3168. 

Buck,  a  township  of  Edgar  co..  111.     Pop.  794, 

Buck,  a  township  of  Hardin  co.,  0.     Pop.  1259. 

Buck,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  4  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Quarryville. 

Buck,  a  township  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.  Pop.  574.  It 
contains  Goldsborough. 

Bucka'ria,  a  township  of  Halifax  co.,  N.C.     P.  1782, 

Buckatunna,  Miss,     See  Bucatunna, 

Buckau,  biik'aw,  a  post-office  of  Cuming  co,,  Neb, 

Buckau,  book'ow,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  adjacent 
to  the  city  of  Magdeburg.  It  has  large  and  varied  manu- 
factures.    Pop.  9696. 

Buck  Creek,  of  Indiana,  flows  through  Marion  co., 
and  enters  Sugar  Creek  in  Shelby  co. 

Buck  Creek,  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.,  flows  into  the  Ohio 
at  Mauckport. 

Buck  Creek,  of  Henry  co.,  Ind.,  flows  into  the  We.«* 
Fork  of  White  River  at  Yorktown. 

Buck  Creek,  Ohio,    See  Lagoxda  Creek, 

Buck  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Scriven  co.,  Ga. 

Buck  Creek,  township,  Hancock  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1227. 

Buck  Creek,  a  village  in  Washington  township,  Tip- 
pecanoe CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  8  miles  N.E.  of 
Lafayette.     In  the  vicinity  are  2  churches. 

Buck  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Bremer  co.,  Iowa. 

Buck  Creek,  a  station  in  Jefferson  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  at  the  crossing  of  Buck  Creek,  in 
Rural  township,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Lawrence. 

Buck  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Owsley  co.,  Ky. 

Buck  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co..  Miss. 

Biickeburg,  bUk'keh-booRC,  a  town  of  Germany,  capi- 
tal of  the  principality  of  Schaumburg-Lippo,  on  the  Aue, 
an  affluent  of  the  Weser,  6  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Min<len. 
It  is  well  built,  and  has  a  castle,  a  park,  a  gymnasium,  a 
normal  school,  and  a  public  library.     Pop.  4832. 

Bucken,  book'k^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  3 
miles  S.W.  of  Hoya.     Pop.  992. 

Buck'eye,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Ala. 

Buckeye,  a  hamlet  of  Shasta  co.,  Cal.,  about  7  miles 
N.  of  Shasta. 

Buckeye,  a  hamlet  of  Yolo  co.,  Cal.,  13  miles  W.S.W, 
of  Woodland.  It  has  a  church  and  a  store.  Pop.  of  Buck- 
eye township,  860. 

Buckeye,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huntington  co.,  Ind.,  4J 
miles  by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Warren,  and  IS  miles  (direct)  S.E, 
of  Huntington,  the  caf>ital  of  the  county. 

Buckeye,  a  township  of  Hardin  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  215. 

Buckeye,  township,  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  317. 

Buckeye,  a  post  hamlet  of  Garrard  co.,  Ky.,  about  9 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Lancaster.     It  has  2  churches. 


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lluckeye,  a  po!>t-office  of  Summit  eo  ,  0. 
liiickeye,  n  |>i>»t-villiig«  of  Spokane  co.,  Wash.,  24 
miluii  by  rail  N.  ol'Spokane  Fails.     It  bos  a  church  and  a 
newnpnner  oflSoe.     Pop.  200. 

Buck  Eye,  a  rtiition  in  Preston  oo.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Oliio  Railroad,  25  miles  E.  of  Grafton. 

Buckeye  City,  u  post-villago  of  Knox  co.,  0.,  about 
15  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Mt.  Vernon.  It  has  2  churches 
and  several  business  houses.     Pop.  350. 

Buckeye  Cottage,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co.,  0., 
about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Zanesville.     It  has  2  stores. 

Bnckeystown,  buk'Iz-t5wn,  a  post-village  of  Fred- 
erick CO.,  Md.,  6  miles  S.  of  Frederick  City,  and  1  mile  from 
the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
tannery.  Buckoystown  Station  is  on  the  above  railroad,  62 
milos  W.  of  Baltimore. 

Buckfastleigh,  bak'fast-le,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Devon,  on  the  Dart,  2  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Ashburton. 
Pop.  of  parish,  2638. 

Buck'field,  a  post-villnge  of  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  on  an 
affluent  of  the  Androscoggin  River,  and  on  the  Rumford 
Falls  &  Buckfield  Railroad,  48  miles  N.  of  Portland.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  hoe-factory,  Ac.     Pop.  about  450. 

Buck^han'non,  a  small  river  of  West  Virginia,  runs 
northward  through  Upshur  co.,  and  enters  the  Tygnrt's 
Valley  River  in  Barbour  co.,  4  or  5  miles  S.  of  Philippi. 

Buckhaunoii,  a  post-town,  the  capitiil  of  Upshur  co., 
W.  Va.,  on  the  West  Virginia  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  41  miles 
S.  by  E.  of  Clarksburg.  It  has  6  churches,  a  bank,  2  acad- 
emies, 3  newspaper  offices,  and  woollen-,  flouring-,  planing-, 
and  saw-mills.     Pop.  1403. 

Buckhart,  a  township  of  Fulton  co..  111.     Pop.  l.")??. 

Buckha'ven,  a  fishing  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife, 
on  the  Firth  of  Forth,  9i  miles  S.  of  Cupar-Fife.     P.  2187. 

Buck  Head,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  oo.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Georgia  Railroad,  75  miles  E.S.E.  of  Atlanta. 

Buck  Head,  a  post-office  of  Fairfield  co.,  S.C. 

Buck  Hollow,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Fairfax  township,  8  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Albans.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Buck  Horn,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  Ala. 

Buck  Horn,  a  post-office  of  Stone  co..  Ark 

Buck  Horn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  co.,  III.  It  has 
2  churches.     Pop.  of  Buck  Horn  township,  1050. 

Buck  Horn,  a  hamlet  of  Ohio  co.,  Ky.,  5  miles  N.W. 
of  Hartford.     It  has  a  church.     Here  is  Beda  Post-Office. 

Buck  Horn,  a  post-office  of  Webster  parish.  La. 

Buck  Horn,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.C. 

Buck'horn,  a  township  of  Harnett  CO.,  N.C.    Pop.  1438. 

Buckhorn,  a  township  of  Wake  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1694. 

Buck  Horn,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co..  Pa.,  in 
Hemlock  township,  3i  miles  N.W.  of  Bloomsburg.  It  has 
2  churches,  2  tanneries,  a  graded  school,  a  slate-quarry,  and 
an  iron-mine. 

Buck  Horn,  a  post-office  of  Austin  co.,  Tex. 

Buckhorn,  Nansemond  co.,  Va.    See  Purvis. 

Buckhorn,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co..  Wis. 

Buckhorn  Island,  Erieco.,  N.Y.,  is  in  Niagara  River, 
and  in  Grand  Island  township.     Area,  75  acres. 

Buckie,  buk'kee.  a  fishing  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and 
17J  miles  W.  of  Banff,  on  the  North  Sea.     Pop.  .3803. 

Buckingham,  a  county  of  England.    See  Bucks. 

Buckingham,  buk'ing-am,  a  borough  of  England,  co. 
of  Bucks,  on  the  Ouse,  and  on  two  railways,  15  miles  N.W. 
of  Aylesbury,  and  52  miles  N.W.  of  London.  The  town  is 
surrounded  by  the  Ouse,  here  crossed  by  3  stone  bridges,  and 
consi.sts  mostly  of  small  brick  houses.  It  has  a  grammar- 
school,  founded  by  Edward  VI.,  a  green-coat  and  a  national 
school,  2  ancient  hospitals,  a  town  hall,  a  prison,  and  paper- 
and  corn-mills.  The  making  of  bobbin  lace  employs  a 
portion  of  the  female  population.  Buckingham  was  m.ade 
a  borough  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.  It  sends  one 
member  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Pop.  of  town,  1612; 
of  municipal  borough,  3703. 

Buck'ingham,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Vir- 
ginia, has  an  area  of  about  650  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  and  N.W.  by  the  James  River,  and  on  the  S.  by 
the  Appomattox  River.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly,  and  is 
extensively  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  produces  tobacco, 
Indian  com,  and  wheat.  The  James  River  Canal  passes 
along  the  border  of  the  county,  which  has  several  quarries 
of  slate.  Gold  is  also  found  here.  Buckingham  Court- 
House,  the  capital  of  the  county,  is  on  the  E.  bank  of  the 
Slate  River.     Pop.  in  1880,  15,540;  in  1890,  14,383. 

Buckingham,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harford  co..  Conn., 
in  the  town  of  Glastonbury,  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Hartford,  and 
^milcsS.  of  South  Manchester.    It  has  a  church.    Pop.  300. 


Buckingham,  a  pogt-village  of  Kankakee  co.,  III.  31 
miles  by  rail  W.8.W.  of  Kankakee.  It  has  a  church  and 
several  stores.     Pop.  250. 

Buckingham,  a  post  office  of  Bucks  00.,  Pa.,  tt  at 

Centroville,  in  Buckingham  township,  which  is  1  mile  N.K. 

of  Doylestown.     The  township  has  5  churches.    Pop.  2Ulo! 

Buckingham,  a  township  of  Wayne  co..  Pa.,  on  tbt 

Delaware  River.     Pop.  1127. 

Buckingham,  a  village  in  Ottawa  co.,  Quebec,  on  the 
Riviiiro  du  Li6vro,  near  its  outlet  into  the  OtUiwa,  IS  mile« 
E.N.E.  ol  Ottawa.  It  has  3  churches,  a  post-office,  a  savin^js. 
bank,  and  mnnufactures  of  lumber,  brick.  Sec.  Pop.  .'ioud 
Buckingham  Court -House,  or  Ittaysville,  a 
post-village,  capital  of  Buckingham  co.,  Va.,  is  on  S'late 
Creek,  about  63  miles  (direct)  W.  of  Richmund.  It  hus 
several  church  organizations.     Pop.  about  300. 

Buckingham  Alines,  a  post-village  of  Buckingham 
CO.,  Va.,  5  miles  E.  of  Buckingham  Court- House. 

Buckinghamshire,acounty  of  England.    See  IlrcKs. 
Buckinn,  a  village  of  Illinois.     See  North  Ai.to.s. 
Buck  Knob,  a  post-office  of  Soott  co..  Ark. 
Buck'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hartford  co..  Conn.,  in 
Manchester  township,  on  the  Hartford,  Providence  &  Fish- 
kill  Railroad,  about  8  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Hartford.     It  hii* 
a  paper-mill  and  a  satinet-factory. 

Buckiand,  a  po.it-office  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa. 
Buckland,  a  post-township  of  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  10 
miles  W.  of  Greenfield,  is  on  the  Troy  &  Greenfield  Rail- 
rq/id,  and  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Deerfield  River.  It  con- 
tains the  village  of  Buckland,  which  is  2  miles  S.  of  IJuok- 
land  Station,  and  a  part  of  Shelburne  Falls.     Pop.  1921, 

Buckland,  a  post-office  of  Gates  co.,  N.C,  6  miles  X. 
from  Gatesville. 

Buckland,  a  post-village  of  Auglaize  co..  0.,  in  Lop;an 
township,  on  the  Auglaize  River,  and  on  the  Lake  Erie 
&  Louisville  Railroad,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Lima.  It  has  a 
church,  a  carriage-factory,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Buckland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prince  William  co.,  Va.,  .3 
miles  from  Thoroughfare  Station.  It  has  1  or  2  churches. 
Buckland,  or  Notre  Dame  Auxiliatrice,  n6t'r 
dim  o^zeery4*treece',  a  post-village  in  Bellcchasse  co., 
Quebec,  27  miles  S.S.E.  of  St.  Charles.  It  contains  grist-, 
saw-,  and  carding-mills,  and  3  stores.     Pop.  350. 

Buckland  Four  Corners,  a  small  village  in  Buck- 
land  township,  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  border  of  Ash- 
field  township.  It  has  good  water-power,  and  manufacturer 
of  lumber,  coffins,  <fec. 

Buckland  River,  or  Kung«nk,  kung'uk,  a  consid- 
erable river  of  Alaska,  flows  into  Eschscholtz  Bay,  an  arm 
of  Kotzebue  Sound. 

Buckley,  or  Bulkley,  buk'le,  a  post-village  of  Iro- 
quois  CO.,  111.,  93  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  from  Chicago.  It 
has  a  bank,  a  drug-store,  4  general  stores,  3  churches,  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  800. 

Buckley,  a  post-town  of  Pierce  co.,  Wash.,  32  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Tacoma.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  878. 

Buck'lin,  a  post-village  of  Ford  co.,  Kansas,  24  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Dodge  City.  It  has  a  church  and  a  bank. 
Pop.  250. 

Bucklin,  a  post-village  of  Linn  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Han- 
nibal &  St.  Joseph  Railroad,  94  miles  W.  of  Hannibal,  and 
36  miles  E.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  7  churches,  a  bank,  « 
public  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of 
woollen  goods  iind  cheese.     Pop.  in  1890,  711. 

Buck  Lock,  a  station  in  Dauphin  co  ,  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Hailroad,  and  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Susque- 
hanna River,  II  miles  below  Uarrisburg. 

Buck'manville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  about 
12  miles  E.  of  Dojlestown.     Pop.  150. 

Buck  Mountain,  a  post-village  of  Schuylkill  00.,  Pa., 
at  the  junction  of  2  railroads,  14  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of 
Potisville,  the  capital  of  the  county.     Here  is  a  colliery. 

Buck  Mountain,  Luzerne  co..  Pa.  See  Nescopeck 
Mountain. 

Buckner, or  Buckner's  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Fort 

Osage  township,  Jackson  co..  Mo.,  on  the  railroad  from 

Lexington  to  Independence,  13  miles  E.  of  the  latter  town. 

Buckner,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Tex. 

Buckner's  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Taney  co.,  Mo.,  about 

55  miles  from  Springfield. 

Buckner's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oldham  eo., 
Ky.,  on  the  Louisville,  Cincinnati  &  Lexington  Railroad,  22 
miles  N.E.  of  Louisville.     It  has  a  church. 

Buckner's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Loui.w  co..  Va. 
on  the  Chesapeake  <k  Ohio  Railnad,  47  miles  N.W.  of 
Richmond. 


I 


EUC 


731 


BUD 


Buckow,  boSk'kov,  a  town  of  Prussia,  26  miles  N.W. 
of  Frankfort-on-the-Oder.     Pop.  1663. 

Buck  Prairie,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  Mo.  Pop. 
1514.     It  includes  Marionsville. 

Buck  Ridge,  a  steamboat-landing  of  Tensas  parish, 
La.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  10  miles  above  Grand  Gulf. 

Buck  Run,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co.,  0. 

Bucks,  bux,  Buckingham,  biik'ing-am,  or  Buck- 
inghamshire, buk'ing-am-shir,  an  inland  county  of  Eng- 
land, having  N.  the  co.  of  Northampton,  E.  Bedford,  Hert- 
ford, and  Middlesex,  S.  Berks,  and  AV.  Oxford.  Area,  730 
square  miles.  Surface  in  the  N.  undulating,  in  the  S.  oc- 
cupied by  the  Chiltcrn  Hills,  and  in  the  centre  by  the  vale 
of  the  Aylesbury,  one  of  the  most  fertile  tracts  in  Britain. 
The  Thames  forms  its  S.  boundary ;  other  rivers  are  the 
Thame,  Ouse,  and  Colne.  The  sheep  of  the  vale  of  Ayles- 
bury are  noted  for  the  weight  and  fineness  of  their  fleeces. 
The  county  supplies  large  quantities  of  butter,  cattle,  lambs, 
poultry,  &c.,  to  the  London  markets.  Chief  towns,  Ayles- 
bury (the  capital),  Buckingham,  Great  Marlow,  and  Chip- 
ping Wycombe.  There  are  few  manufactures.  The  county 
formed  part  of  ancient  Mercia.     Pop.  in  189 1,  186,190. 

Bucks,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Pennsylvania,  bor- 
dering on  New  Jersey,  has  an  area  of  about  580  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  and  S.E.  by  the  Delaware 
Hiver,  and  is  drained  by  Neshaminy  and  Tohickon  Creeks. 
The  surface  is  generally  undulating ;  the  soil  is  fertile  and 
\w3ll  cultivated,  agriculture  being  the  most  important  branch 
of  industry.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  butter,  and  cat- 
tle are  the  staple  products  of  the  county,  which  also  supplies 
large  quantities  of  milk,  vegetables,  <fec.,  for  the  market  of 
Philadelphia.  It  is  intersected  by  the  North  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  the  Philadelphia  <fc  Trenton  Railroad,  and  the 
New  York  &  Philadelphia  New  Line.  Among  the  minerals 
of  this  county  are  limestone,  gneiss,  Triassic  red  sandstone, 
plumbago,  and  titanium.  It  has  also  quarries  of  sandstone 
valuable  for  building.  Capital,  Doylestown,  the  terminus 
of  the  Lansdale  &  Dovlestown  Branch  of  the  Philadelphia 
f  &  Heading  Railroad.  Pop.  in  1870,  64,336 ;  in  1880,  68,656 ; 
'        in  1890,  70,615. 

Bucks,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.,  36  miles 
(direct)  N.N.W.  of  New  Lisbon. 

Bucks,  a  township  of  Horry  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1481. 
i  Bucks  Bridge,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  on 

Grass  River,  2i  miles  S.  of  Madrid  Railroad  Station,  which 
is  17  miles  E.  of  Ogdensburg.  It  has  2  churches,  2  saw- 
mills, and  a  planing-mill. 

Buck^shoal',  a  township  of  Yadkin  CO.,  N.C.  Pop.  1390. 

Buck  Shoal,  a  post-office  of  Halifax  co.,  Va. 

Buckshu'tem,  a  hamlet  in  Cumi)erland  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Bridgeton  &  Port  Norris  Railroad,  16  miles  S.E.  of 
Bridgeton. 

Buck  Skin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gibson  co.,  Ind.,  about 
22  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Evansville.     It  has  a  church. 

Buck'skin,  a  township  of  Ross  co.,  0.     Pop.  2229.     It 
i  contains  South  Salem. 

I  Buckskin  Mountain,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Park 

!  Range,  is  in  lat.  39°  20'  N.,  Ion.  106°  8'  W.     It  has  an  alti- 

tude of  14,022  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Bucks  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co..  Me. 

Buck  Snort,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Ala. 

Bucks'port,  a  landing  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal.,  on  Hum- 
boldt Bay,  in  lat.  40°  46'  37"  N.,  Ion.  124°  10'  43.8"  W. 
Pop.  of  Bucksport  township,  388. 

Bucksport,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co.,  Me.,  is  in 
Bucksport  township,  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Penobscot 
River,  about  20  miles  below  Bangor,  and  16  miles  N.E.  of 
Belfast.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  accessible  to  large  ships, 
and  many  of  its  inhabitants  are  engaged  in  ship-building. 
It  contains  several  churches,  a  national  bank,  and  a  Meth- 
odist school  called  the  East  Maine  Conference  Seminary, 
a  carriage-factory,  and  a  moccasin-factory.  It  is  the  ter- 
minus of  the  Bucksport  &  Bangor  Railroad.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  3433. 

Bucksport  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co.. 
Me.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Penobscot,  and  on  the  Bucks- 
port  &  Bangor  Railroad,  5  miles  above  Bucksport. 
;  Buck's  Ranch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Plumas  co.,  Cal.,  45 

miles  from  Oroville.     Gold  is  found  near  this  place. 

Bucks'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co..  Pa.,  12 
miles  N.  of  Berlin.     Coal  is  found  here. 
>  Bncks'viile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  in  Nock- 

K  ,-    amixon  township,  about  44  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.     It 
has  a  church. 

Bucksville,  a  post-village  of  Horry  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
Waccamaw  River,  10  miles  S.  of  Conwayborough.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  steam  lumber-mill,  and  a  turpentine-distillery. 


Buck'ton,  a  post-office  of  AVarren  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Vir- 
ginia Midland  Railroad  (Manassas  division),  6  miles  W. 
of  Front  Royal. 

Buck'tooth,  a  station  in  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad,  li  miles  W.  of  Sala- 
manca. 

Buck'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dorchester  co.,  Md.,  about 
10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cambridge.     It  has  a  church. 

Buck'ville,  a  station  in  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  2  miles 
S.W.  of  Tainaqua.     Here  are  important  coal-mines. 

Buco'da,  a  post-village  of  'Ihurston  co.,  Washington, 
16  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Olympia.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  <fcc.     Pop.  800. 

Bucostenum,  the  Latin  for  BnxTON. 

Bucquoy,  biik^kwS,',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Pas-de-Calais,  10  miles  S.  of  Arras.     Pop.  1958. 

Buctouche,  bukHoosh',  a  post-village  in  Kent  co., 
New  Brunswick,  on  Bucktouche  River,  21  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Shediac.  It  contains  8  stores,  2  hotels,  a  saw-mill,  and 
several  ship-yards.     Pop.  500. 

Bucy'rus,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Crawford  co.,  0.,  in 
Bucyrus  township,  on  the  Sandusky  River,  and  on  the  Pitts- 
burg, Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  of  Crest- 
line, 60  miles  E.  of  Lima,  and  about  65  miles  N.  of  Colum- 
bus. It  contains  a  court-house,  12  churches,  3  banks,  5 
newspaper  offices,  a  large  public  school-house,  and  manu- 
factures of  machinery,  portable  engines,  railroad-cars, 
fiirming-implements,  shovels,  dredges,  school  and  church 
furniture,  Ac.  A  fossil  mastodon  was  found  near  this  place 
in  1838.     Pop.  5974;  of  the  township,  6988. 

Buczacz,  or  Butschatsch,  boo'chitch,  a  town  of 
Austrian  Galicia,  33  miles  E.N.E.  of  Stanislawow.  It  has 
a  Greek  church  and  a  gymnasium.     Pop.  8523. 

Buczowic,  or  Buczovvice.    See  Butschowitz. 

Bu'da-Pesth',  or  Bu^dapest'  (Hun.  pron.  boo'dSh^- 
p8sht';  Ger.  O'/eii ;  Slavic,  Budin,  boo'deen ;  L.  Buda  ; 
Fr.  Rude,  biid),  an  important  city,  the  capital  of  Hungary, 
and  next  to  Vienna  the  largest  city  of  the  Austro-Hunga- 
rian  Empire,  is  situated  on  the  river  Danube,  130  miles 
direct  (173  by  rail)  S.E.  of  Vienna.  As  its  name  implies, 
it  is  composed  of  the  two  cities  of  Pesth  and  Buda,  which 
are  located  respectively  on  the  left  and  right  banks  of  the 
river,  and  which  were  united  in  1873  under  the  official  title 
of  Budapest.  Lat.  47°  29'  N.,  Ion.  19°  3'  E.  Of  the  two 
sections  of  the  municipality,  Buda  is  much  the  older.  It 
stands  on  the  slope  of  a  hill,  and  is  built  in  the  form  of  an 
amphitheatre,  having  in  its  centre  the  fortress  enclosing  the 
royal  palace,  a  cathedral,  the  convents  of  St.  Elizabeth,  St. 
Florian,  and  the  Capuchins,  many  palaces  of  the  Hunga- 
rian nobility,  a  well-furnished  observatory,  a  gymnasium, 
several  libraries,  and  manufactures  of  cloth,  leather,  silks, 
velvets,  Ac.  In  contrast  with  Bud.a,  Pesth  is  essentially  a 
modern  town,  the  growth  principally  of  the  19th  century. 
It  has  many  fine  streets  and  squares,  magnificent  quays,  a 
handsome  Jewisli  synagogue,  a  national  museum  with  a 
library  of  40,000  volumes,  an  academy  of  sciences,  a  uni- 
versity with  about  4000  students,  a  parliament-house,  cus- 
tom-house, and  an  artesian  well  3182  feet  deep.  The  two 
towns  are  connected  by  several  bridges,  and  in  both  are 
numerous  mineral  springs  and  baths.   Pop.  in  1890,  506,384. 

Bu'da,  a  post-village  of  Bureau  co.,  111.,  is  at  the 
junction  of  2  railroads,  12  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Princeton, 
the  capital  of  the  county,  and  118  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Chicago. 
It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  creamery^, 
iron-works,  and  manufactures  of  brick  and  tile,  and  rail- 
road supplies.     Pop.  in  1890,  990. 

Buda-Keszi,  boo'doh'-k5'see\  a  town  of  Hungary, 
CO.  of  Pesth,  5  miles  W.  of  Buda.     Pop.  2909. 

Budaon,  boo-di-on',  Budayoon,  or  Budaun,  boo- 
d3,-oon',  written  also  Badaon  and  Badawan,  a  town 
of  India,  capital  of  the  Budaon  district,  is  30  miles  S.S.W, 
of  Bareilly.     Pop.  33,322. 

Budaon,  or  Budaun,  a  district  of  the  North-West 
Provinces  (Rohilcund  division),  lat.  27°  38'-28°  29'  N.,  Ion. 
78°  21'-79°  35'  E.  Area,  2005  square  miles.  It  is  a  level 
and  fertile  region,  watered  by  the  Ganges  and  its  tribu- 
taries.    Capital,  Budaon.     Pop.  934,348. 

Buddha- Gaya,  bood'd'hi-gi'yl,  a  widely  spread  col- 
lection of  ruins  in  British  India,  Gaya  district,  Bengal,  40 
miles  S.W.  of  Baliar.  It  is  resorted  to  by  pilgrims,  and  is 
supposed  to  have  been  once  the  centre  of  the  Booddhic 
religion. 

Buddruck,  or  Bhadrakh,  bfid'driik'  (ano.  Vadn- 
rica),  a  town  of  India,  in  Orissa,  district  and  40  miles  S.AV. 
of  Balasore.     Pop.  7801. 

Budd's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  St.  Mary's  co.,  Md. 

Budd's   Lake,  a  post-hamlet  and  summer  resort  of 


BUD 


732 


6DE 


MorrU  oo.,  N.J.,  in  Mount  Olive  township,  2  miles  from 
Stanhope  Railroad  Station,  whiuh  is  10  miles  W.  of  Dover. 
It  hik^  a  ohuruh. 

Uudd  Town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burlington  oo.,  N.J., 
about  7  miles  S.B.  of  Mount  Holly.     It  has  a  churoh. 

liuddu,  boud'duo,  a  town  of  Guinea,  on  the  Niger,  37 
miles  N.W.  of  the  mouth  of  the  Ucnuwe.     Pop.  4000. 

Iluddua,  a  town  of  West  Africa.    See  Kakundy. 

lludduso,  bood-doo'so,  a  village  in  the  isliind  of  Sar- 
dinia, 40  niilos  E.  of  Saannri.     Pup.  2424. 

Uudet  a  seaport  of  England,  oo.  of  Cornwall,  on  the 
Bri.-itol  Channel,  14  miles  W.  of  Stratton.     Pop.  766. 

Bude,  the  French  for  Buda. 

lludelt  b'd'dfl,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North 
Briibant,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Eindhoven.     Pop.  2031. 

Uiiderich,  bil'd^r-iK,  or  Bliiciier,  blU'K^r,  a  town 
of  Khenish  Prussia,  on  the  Rhino,  opposite  Wesel.    P.  2601. 

Uiidesheim,  bil'd^-hime\  a  village  of  ilease,  1  mile 
S.E.  of  Bingcn.  Pop.  2187.  Budesheim  is  the  mime  also 
of  scvenvl  other  villages  in  Hesse  and  Rhenish  Prussia. 

Budgebudge,  or  Bajbtij,  buj'buj',  a  town  of  Bengal, 
on  the  Hoogly,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Calcutta. 

Budhu  Chuk  (or  Chak),  boo'd'hoo  chuk,  a  town  of 
India,  Boglipoor  district.     Pop.  4659. 

Budin,  boo'din,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Bohemia,  9  miles 
S.  of  Leitmoritz,  on  the  Kleine-Eger.     Pop.  1343. 

Budin,  the  Slavic  for  Buda. 

Biidingcn,  bu'ding-^n,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Hesse, 
on  a  railway,  28  miles  fa.E.  of  Giessen.     Pop.  2478. 

Budissin,  a  town  of  Saxony.    See  Bautzen. 

Budnoor)  or  Badnar^  bud'noor',  a  town  of  India, 
capital  of  the  Baitool  district,  70  miles  N.W.  of  Nagpoor. 
Pop.  3437. 

Biidos-Hegy^  bii'dosh'h^j  or  hWy?,  a  mountain  of 
Transylvania,  near  its  E.  border,  in  lat.  46°  12'  N.,  and 
7340  feet  in  elevation.  It  is  remarkable  for  extensive 
sulphur  springs  and  caverns. 

Budrawar,  booMra-war'  ("  stronghold  of  Booddha"),  a 
town  of  India,  in  the  Punjab,  near  the  Chenaub,  107  miles 
N.E.  of  Lahore.  Pop.  2000.  Lat.  32°  53'  N.,  Ion.  75° 
28'  E. ;  elevation,  5000  feet. 

Budrio,  boo'dre-o,  a  town  of  Italy,  12  miles  N.E.  of 
Bologna.     Pop.  2000. 

Budua^  boo-doo'i,  the  southernmost  town  of  the  Aus- 
trian Empire,  in  Dalmatia,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Cattaro,  on  a 
peninsula  in  the  Adriatic.  It  has  a  roadstead,  sheltered 
by  the  island  of  San  Nicolo.     Pop.  900. 

Budukhshan,  or  Badakhshan,  bud-iiK-sh3,n',  a 
territory  of  Asia,  forming  a  part  of  Afghan  Toorkistan, 
between  lat.  36°  and  38°  N.  and  Ion.  69°  and  75°  E.,  and 
consisting  of  the  W.  declivity  of  the  Bolor-Tagh,  and  the 
valleys  of  some  of  the  head-streams  of  the  Auioo-Darya, 
of  which  the  Budukhshan  River  is  the  principal.  Its 
scenery  and  natural  products  are  highly  interesting.  It 
contains  ruby  mines  and  massive  cliffs  of  lapis-lazuli.  Its 
inhabitants  are  mostly  Tadjiks,  Mohammedans  of  the 
Sheeah  (Shiah)  sect,  speaking  the  Persian  language.  Its 
capital  is  Budukhshan.     Pop.  about  65,000. 

Budukhshan,  or  Fyzabad,  fi-zi-bad',  a  town  of 
Central  Asia,  capital  of  the  above  territory,  180  miles 
N.E.  of  Cabool.  Lat.  37°  2'  N.;  Ion.  74°  20'  E.  It  was 
once  an  independent  sovereignty,  and  a  place  of  great 
importiince,  celebrated  particularly  from  early  times  for 
the  valuable  mines  of  balas-ruby  in  its  neighborhood. 

Budweis,  bood'wice,  or  Budwitz,  b6od'*its,  a  town 
of  Bohemia,  on  the  Moldau,  77  miles  S.  of  Prague.  Pop. 
20,100.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  is  well  built,  and  partially 
fortified,  and  has  a  handsome  council-house,  a  cathedral, 
several  other  churches,  a  gymnasium,  philosophical  acad- 
emy, and  a  high  school,  with  flourishing  manufactures  of 
woollen  cloths,  muslins,  damasks,  and  saltpetre.  Railways 
connect  it  with  Pilsen,  Gmiind,  and  Sanct  Valentin. 

Budweis,  Budwitz,  bood'^its,  or  Budweitz, 
bQod'*Us,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Moravia,  17  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Znaim.  Pop.  2360.  It  has  a  castle  and  several  suburbs. 
It  is  sometimes  called  Mahrisch  Budwitz  (mi'rish  bood'- 
<iit8),  "  Moravian  Budwitz,"  to  distinguish  it  from  the 
above,  or  Bohemian  Budwitz. 

Budzanow,  bood-z&'nov,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia, 
7  miles  N.  of  Czortkow.     Pop.  4661. 

Buech,  bii-aish'  or  bwish,  a  river  of  France,  rises  in 
the  department  of  Dr6me,  and  flows  into  the  Durance  at 
Sisteron,  Basses-Alpes,  after  a  course  of  53  miles.  Petit 
BuKCH,  p?h-tee'  bii'aish',  is  an  affluent  of  the  above. 

Bu'el,  a  post-townsliip  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mich.,  12  milos 
S.  by  E.  of  Sanilac  Centre,  the  capital  of  the  county,  and 
25  miles  N.W.  of  Port  Huron.     Pop.  853. 


Duel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  oo.,  X.Y.,  36  milM 
E.S.E.  of  Utica.     It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese -factory. 

Buel's  Gore,  a  tract  of  land  in  Chittenden  co.,  Vt 
Pop.  29. 

Buell's  Lowell,  a  village  of  Washington  co.,  0.,  in 
Adams  township,  on  the  Muskingum  River,  10  miles  N.  of 
Marietta,  and  1  mile  E.  of  Lowell.  It  has  5  churches,  an 
academy,  a  flour-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  a  foundry,  and  a  tan- 
nery.    Pop.  360. 

Buelow,  bu'lo,  a  village  of  Hillsborough  oo.,  Fla.,  140 
miles  S.  of  Arredondo.  It  has  2  churches  and  the  Sum- 
merlin  Institute. 

Buena,  bu-e'na,  a  post-oflico  of  Van  Wert  oo.,  0. 

Bueua  Ventura,  Cal.    See  San  Buena  Ventura. 

Buenaventura,  bw&-n&-ven-too'r&,  a  town  of  Mex- 
ico, state  of  Chihuahua,  140  miles  N.W.  of  the  city  of 
ChihMahwa.  Lat.  29°  55'  N. ;  Ion.  106°  30'  W.  It  is  small, 
but  won  built,  and  contains  about  1500  inhabitants.  About 
10  miles  N.W.  from  the  town  there  are  very  extensive  ruins, 
called  Casas  Qrandcs.  An  area  of  several  square  miles  it 
covered  with  the  remains  of  buildings,  whicli,  from  their 
number,  are  supposed  to  have  contained  a  population  of  at 
least  20,000  or  30,000.  Fine  earthenware  jars  have  been 
excavated  here,  as  well  as  images  made  of  baked  earth. 

Buenaventura,  a  port  of  the  republic  of  Colombia, 
department  of  Cauca,  on  the  Bay  of  Choco.  Lat.  3°  48'  N. ; 
Ion.  77°  30'  AV.  The  town  is  badly  built,  dirty,  and 
poor,  with  a  hot,  wet,  and  sickly  climate,  but  is  the  port  for 
the  fertile  and  healthy  valley  of  the  Cauca.  The  people 
are  mostly  blacks. 

Buena  Vista,  bwi'ni  vees'ti  or  bo'na  vis'ta  {i.e.,  lit- 
erally "good  or  fine  view"),  a  celebrated  battle-fleld  of 
Mexico,  situated  about  90  miles  S.W.  of  Monterey,  and  10 
miles  from  Saltillo.  It  consists  for  the  most  part  of  moun- 
tain-ridges, narrow  defiles,  and  impassable  ravines.  Here, 
February  22  and  23,  1847,  Gen.  Taylor,  at  the  head  of  less 
than  6000  United  States  troops,  a  large  portion  of  whom 
were  raw  volunteers,  totally  defeated  20,000  Mexicans  under 
Santa  Anna.  The  former  lost  only  267  killed,  and  479 
wounded  and  missing.  This  action  is  sometimes  called  the 
battle  of  La  Angostura,  from  the  name  of  a  pass  occupied 
by  a  detachment  of  Taylor's  army  at  the  commencement  of 
the  battle,  IJ  miles  N.E.  of  Buena  Vista.  Buena  Vista  is 
the  name  of  several  other  places  in  Mexico. 

Buenavista,  or  San  Pedro  de  Buena  Vista,  sin 
pi'dro  diV  bwd-ni-vees'ti,  a  village  in  the  island  of  Tenij- 
riffe,  lat.  28°  16'  N.,  Ion.  16°  58'  W.,  on  an  elevated  pin  in. 
925  feet  above  the  sea.  It  is  well  built,  has  a  spacious 
square,  a  church,  several  chapels  and  schools.     Pop.  2300. 

Buena  Vista,  bu'na  vis'ta,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part 
of  Iowa,  has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  partly 
drained  by  the  Little  Siou.x  River.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating or  nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  A  large  portion 
of  the  county  is  prairie.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  and  oats  are 
the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Iowa  division 
of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  and  the  Chicago  A  North- 
western traverses  its  N.  portion.  Capital,  Storm  Luke. 
Pop.  in  1870,  1585;  in  1880,  7537;  in  1890,  13,548. 

Buena  Vista,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Ala.,  about 
15  miles  S.  of  Camilen. 

Buena  Vista,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ouachita  co.,  Ark.,  at 
Senter  Station,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Camden. 

Buena  Vista,  a  thriving  post-town  and  railway  cen- 
tre, capital  of  Cbafi"ee  co..  Col.,  122  miles  by  rail  AV.N.W. 
of  Pueblo,  and  35  miles  S.  of  Leadville.  It  has  9  churches, 
a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  oflice.  Extensive  mining  opera- 
tions are  carried  on  here.     Pop.  about  3000. 

Buena  Vista,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Marion  co., 
Ga.,  36  miles  E.S.E.  of  Columbus,  an. I  29  miles  by  rail  N.W. 
of  Americus.  It  has  a  court-house,  5  churches,  a  high 
school,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  ofiice.     Pop.  788. 

Buena  Vista,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stephenson  co.,  III.,  11 
miles  N.  of  Freeport. 

Buena  Vista  (Linn  Grove  Post-OfBce),  a  village  of 
Adams  co.,  Ind.,  in  Hartford  township,  on  the  Wabash 
River,  5  miles  from  Bejnc  Railroad  Station. 

Buena  Vista,  a  hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind.,  8  miles 
S.W.  of  Laurel.     It  has  1  or  2  churches. 

Buena  Vista,  a  decayed  village  of  Gibson  co.,  Ind., 
on  White  River,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Hazleton. 

Buena  Vista,  a  hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.,  about 
20  miles  S.S.W.  of  New  Albany. 

Buena  Vista,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Ind.,  15 
miles  S.W.  of  Bloomington,  and  8  miles  W.  of  Ilarrodsburg 
Railroad  Station. 

Buena  Vista,  a  township  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Mississippi  River.     Pop.  285.     Buena  Vista  Station  is  at 


BUE 


733 


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^Torth  Buena  Vista,  on  the  Chicago,  Dubuque  <fe  Minnesota 
llailroad,  23  miles  N.W.  of  Dubuque. 
Buena  Vista,  a  post-office  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa. 
Buena  Vista,  township,  Jasper  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1024. 
Buena  Vista,  a  station  in  Lee  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Keo- 
kuk &  Des  Afoines  Railroad,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Keokuk,  at 
the  junction  of  the  Keokuk  &  St.  Louis  Railroad. 

Buena  Vista,  a  post-hamlet  of  Garrard  co.,  Ky:,  12 
miles  from  Lancaster. 

Buena  Vista,  a  post-hamlet  in  Buena  Vista  township, 
Saginaw  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  E.  side  of  Saginaw  River,  and 
about  6  miles  E.  from  East  Saginaw.  It  has  a  lumber-mill. 
Pop.  100.  The  township  contains  a  hamlet  named  Trost- 
ville,  and  has  a  population  of  1292. 

Buena  Vista,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chickasaw  co..  Miss., 
about  15  miles  W.  of  Aberdeen.  It  has  2  churches  and  an 
academy. 

Buena  Vista,  a  township  of  Atlantic  co.,  N.J.,  con- 
tains villages  named  Newtonville,  Neiv  Germany,  Cedar 
Lake,  Downsville,  Landisville,  and  Buena  Vista.  The  lat- 
ter has  2  churches,  and  is  on  the  Atlantic  City  branch  of 
the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Newfield. 

Buena  Vista,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Howard  township,  about  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bath.     It  has 
a  church. 
Buena  Vista,  a  post-office  of  Duplin  co.,  N.C. 
Buena  Vista,  Fayette  co.,  0.     See  Moon's. 
Buena  Vista  (Freestone  Post-Office),  a  village  of  Scioto 
CO.,  0.,  in  Nile  township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  17  miles  below 
Portsmouth,   and   90    miles   above   Cincinnati.     It   has   3 
churches,  4  stores,  <fcc.     Here  are  quarries  of  good  building- 
stone  called  "Buena  Vista  Freestone,"  which  is  shipped  to 
distant  parts  of  the  United  States.     Pop.  about  600. 

Buena  Vista,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0., 
about  15  miles  S.E.  of  Millersburg. 

Buena  Vista,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co.,  Oregon,  on 
the  W.  bank  of  the  Willamette  River,  7  miles  from  Jefferson 
Railroad  Station,  and  16  miles  from  Salem.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  graded  school,  4  warehouses  for  grain,  and  manufactures 
of  stoneware,  wagons,  paints,  &c.     Pop.  about  400. 

Buena  Vista,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Elizabeth  township,  on  the  Youghiogheny  River,  and  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Washington  &  Baltimore  Railroad,  26  miles  S.E. 
of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a  church,  a  fiour-mill,  and  60  houses. 
Coal  is  mined  here.  Its  station  is  on  the  owposite  side  of 
the  river,  in  Westmoreland  co. 

Buena  Vista,  Bedford  co.,  Pa.  See  New  Buena 
Vista. 

Buena  Vista,  a  village  of  Butler  co..  Pa.,  in  Fairview 
township,  3  miles  from  Karns  City.  It  has  2  churches  and 
several  oil-wells.     Here  is  Peachville  Post-Ofifice. 

Buena  Vista,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Tenn.,  5 
miles  from. Hollow  Rock  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Buena  Vista,  a  post-town  of  Rockbridge  co.,  Va.,  at 
the  junction  of  2  railroads,  11  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Lex- 
ington. It  has  7  churches,  3  banks,  a  female  seminary,  a 
graded  public  school,  a  newspaper  office,  with  iron-furnace- 
works,  fteel-,  fire-clay-,  brick-,  and  boiler-  and  machine- 
works,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  and  cashmere  goods, 
paper,  wagons,  <fec.     Pop.  1044. 

Buena  Vista,  a  post-township  of  Portage  co..  Wis., 
and  a  station  on  the  Southern  division  of  the  Wisconsin 
Central  Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of  Stevens  Point.  Pop.  726. 
It  contains  a  village  named  Keene. 
Buena  Vista,  township,  Richland  co..  Wis.  P.  1086. 
Buen  Ayre,  bwfin  i'rA,  or  Bon  Air,  a  Dutch  West 
fndian  island,  on  the  Venezuela  coast,  30  miles  E.  of  Cura- 
sao. Lat.  12°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  68°  27'  W.  It  is  20  miles  long 
and  4  broad.  It  has  4  villages  and  a  savings-bank,  and 
manufactures  of  salt  and  charcoal.  Products,  aloes,  divi-di  vi, 
guaiacum,  brazil-wood,  donkeys,  and  some  cattle.  Phos- 
phate of  lime  is  reported  to  exist.  The  climate  is  dry  and 
the  island  poor.  Pop.  in  1872, 4246,  of  whom  400  were  white. 
Buenos  Ayres,  bo'nos  d'riz  or  bo'nos-airz,  or  San- 
tissima  Trinidad  de  Buenos  Ayres,  s3,n-tis'see-m8, 
tre-ne-Din'  di  bwi'noce  i'rfis,  the  largest  and  most  im- 
portant city  of  South  America,  capital  of  the  Argentine  Re- 
public, is  situated  on  the  west  side  of  the  La  Plata  estuary, 
here  30  miles  wide,  and  about  150  miles  from  the  sea.  (The 
Dame  Buenos  Ayres  was  given  it  by  its  founder,  Mendoza, 
and  signifies  "  good  air.")  Lat.  34°  36'  6"  S. :  Ion.  58° 
22'  W.  It  is  the  objective  point  and  terminus  of  several 
railways,  and  stands  on  a  perfectly  level  plain.  It  is  regularly 
laid  out,  all  its  streets  crossing  one  another  at  right  angles, 
and  nearly  all  have  street  railways,  of  which  the  total  length 
exceeds  80  miles.  The  granite  with  which  the  streets  are 
pavei  is  obtained  from  the  island  of  Martin  Garcia,  on  the 


opposite  side  of  the  river.  The  houses  are  built  of  brick, 
and  whitewashed,  and  almost  every  house  has  a  garden,  and 
many  have  balconies  with  lattice-work  containing  shrubs 
and  flowers.  The  windows  of  the  houses  towfirds  the  streets 
are  generally  two  in  number,  having  an  iron  grating,  wliich 
gives  them  a  gloomy  and  prison-like  appearance.  The  floor* 
were  formerly  paved  with  brick,  the  use  of  wood  in  their 
construction  being  avoided  as  much  as  possible ;  but  of 
recent  years  great  numbers  of  houses  have  been  built  in 
European  style.  The  principal  square,  or  Plaza  de  la  Vic- 
toria, is  situated  about  two  squares  from  the  river,  and  im- 
mediately behind  the  fort,  which  is  now  principally  used  fcr 
firing  salutes,  and  contains  the  public  military  offices.  In  the 
centre  of  the  square  is  a  monument  erected  in  honor  of 
South  American  independence,  and  surrounding  it  are  hand- 
some buildings,  including  the  cathedra],  the  archbishop's 
palace,  the  cabildo  or  hall  of  justice,  the  police  office,  Ac. 
The  cathedral  is  a  very  large  and  rich  edifice,  covering 
nearly  half  a  square.  The  other  public  buildings  are  a 
house  of  representatives,  built  in  imitation  of  the  American 
hall  of  Congress,  a  military  depot  called  the  Retiro,  a  cus- 
tom-house, hospitals,  a  foundling  hospital,  (fee.  It  is  the 
seat  of  a  university,  of  several  ecclesiastical  colleges,  and 
of  many  professional  and  other  schools.  Several  other 
literary  and  scientific  institutions  have  been  establi.->hed 
here,  including  a  society  for  the  promotion  of  natural  phi- 
losophy and  mathematics,  one  of  medicine,  and  another 
of  jurisprudence,  and  an  association  for  the  promotion  of 
agriculture.  Some  20  periodicals  are  published  here,  sev- 
eral of  them  being  dailies. 

The  trade,  and  consequently  the  prosperity,  of  Buenos 
Ayres,  is  much  impeded  on  account  of  the  difficulty  of  navi- 
gating the  La  Plata,  and  the  want  of  a  safe  and  commo- 
dious harbor.  Large  vessels,  drawing  above  12  feet  of 
water,  capnot  come  nearer  than  5  or  6  miles ;  vessels  of  less 
draught  generally  go  into  the  inner  roads  and  anchor  about 
a  mile  and  a  half  from  the  city.  The  surf  on  the  beach  is 
very  heavy  when  the  wind  blows  from  the  S.E. ;  and  another 
danger  arises  from  the  pamperos,  sudden  and  violent  gusts 
of  wind,  which  sweep  across  the  pampas  and  the  river  from 
the  Andes  with  tremendous  fury.  For  these  reasons  it  is 
proposed  to  establish  a  port  for  the  city  at  Ensenada,  on  the 
estuary  of  the  La  Plata,  35  miles  by  railway  S.E.  of  Buenos 
Ayres.  The  climate  is  moist  and  variable,  but  regarded  at 
healthy,  though  severe  epidemics  of  yellow  fever  sometimes 
occur,  and  rheumatic  affections  are  very  prevalent.  Buenos 
Ayres  is  the  commercial  metropolis  of  the  republic.  It 
exports  large  quantities  of  hides,  horns,  bone-ash,  bones, 
beef,  tallow,  hair,  and  other  cattle  products,  ostrich  feathers, 
wool,  live-stock,  Ac.  The  environs  of  the  city  for  2  or  3 
miles  are  very  beautiful,  consisting  of  well-cultivated  fields, 
and  enlivened  by  numerous  country  residences  called  quin- 
tas  ;  the  most  wealthy  have  their  country-seats  surrounded 
with  gardens.  The  majority  of  the  inhabitants  of  Buenos 
Ayres  are  descendants  of  Spaniards  who  have  settled  in  the 
country  during  the  last  three  centuries ;  bat  there  are  many 
foreigners  here.     Pop.  in  1869,  177,787;  in  1886,  398,498. 

Buenos  Ayres,  the  most  populous  and  most  flourishing 
of  the  provinces  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  extends  from 
Bahia  Blanca.  39°  S.,  along  the  Atlantic  Ocean  to  the  S. 
bank  of  the  Paranii  River,  which  it  follows  to  within  30 
miles  of  Rosario.  This  river  separates  it  from  the  province 
of  Entre  Rios.  Area,  72,972  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1882, 
612,000.  The  N.  includes  a  portion  of  the  eastern  Pampas, 
and  is  flat,  with  lakes  and  swamps.  The  S.  part  compre- 
hends the  low  hills  of  the  Sierras  del  Vulcan  and  Ventana. 
Principal  rivers,  the  Rio  Salado  and  Quequen.  Climate 
humid  and  variable ;  ice  seldom  occurs  ;  mean  summer  heat 
90°  Fahr.  Occasionally  there  are  years  of  excessive  drought. 
The  soil  is  fertile  in  many  places,  but  there  is  not  a  thou- 
sandth part  under  cultivation.  Hides,  hair,  horns,  phos- 
phates, wool,  bones,  beef-extract,  ostrich  feathers,  tallow, 
and  jerked  beef  are  the  chief  exports ;  horses,  mules,  and 
asses  are  also  exported.  Formerly  the  cultivation  of  the 
soil  was  so  neglected  that  grain  was  required  from  abroad ; 
now  wheat  is  exported  to  some  e.xtent.  In  1875  there  were 
643  miles  of  railway  in  the  province. 

Bufarik,  a  town  of  Algeria.     See  Boofareek. 

Buff',  a  post-oflSce  of  Benton  co.,  Mo. 

BuflTa,  a  harbor  of  Liberia.     See  Bassa. 

Butfato,  an  island  ofi'  the  E.  coast  of  Cochin  China. 
Lat.  14°  11'  N.;  Ion.  109°  16'  E. 

BnfTato,  a  point  or  cape  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  island 
of  Sumatra.     Lat.  3°  58'  S. 

Buffalo,  a  group  of  detached  rugged  rocks  in  the  Bay 
of  Bengal,  about  20  miles  due  N.  of  Cape  Negrais.  Lat. 
from  16°  19'  to  16°  22'  30"  N.;  Ion.  9^  12'  E. 


BUF 


734 


BUF 


Buffnlo,  »  small  itUnd  off  the  E.  ooost  of  China,  Chu- 
Mill  Aruhipolago.     Lat.  29°  42'  N.;  Ion.  12U°  16'  E. 

But'M'nlOy  a  oounty  in  the  S.  oontral  part  of  Nebriuka, 
has  an  area  of  875  sqiinre  uiilea.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S. 
by  the  Platte  River,  und  is  intemcoted  by  the  Loup  Forli  of 
the  same.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  und 
is  diversiOed  with  prairies  and  suiiill  tracts  of  timber  ;  the 
soil  is  fertile,  and  produces  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oiitM,  <bo. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Union  Pnoitio  lliiilruiid. 
CapiUl,  Kearney.  Pop.  in  1870,  lU;! ;  in  I88U,  7531 ;  in 
18UU,  22,162. 

Buflalo,  a  county  of  South  Dakota,  is  bounded  on  the 
N.  by  Uund  and  Hyde  cos.,  £,  by  Jerauld  co  ,  S.  by  Iirul6 
CO.,  and  W.  by  the  Missouri  Iliver,  several  nflluents  of 
which  How  from  this  county.  Capital,  Gann  Valley.  After 
the  census  of  1870,  its  territory  was  much  reduced.  Pop. 
in  1870.  246;  in  I8SU,  63;  in  1890,  U93. 

Buffalo,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Wisconsin,  has  an 
area  of  about  650  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W. 
by  the  Mississip])!  Uiver,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Chippewa, 
and  is  intersected  by  Buffnlo  Creek.  The  surface  is  diver- 
sified and  partly  covered  with  forests;  the  soil  is  mostly 
fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  and  live-stock  are  the  staple  products. 
Among  the  rooks  of  this  county  is  magnesian  limestone 
(Lower  Silurian).  Railroads  traverse  its  E.,  S..  and  W. 
borders,  but  only  one  (Sault  Sainte  Marie  A  Southwestern) 
travels  into  the  interior  of  the  county,  and  this  one  only 
6  miles  in  the  N.E.  portion.  Capital,  Alraa.  Pop.  in  1870, 
11,123;  in  1880,  16,528;  in  1890,  15,997. 

Buffalo  (station  name,  BuSalo  Wallow),  a  po.it-offioe  of 
Citamhers  oo.,  Ala.,  22  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Opelika. 

Buffalo,  Glynn  co.,  Ga.     8ee  Mount  Pleasant. 

Buffalo,  a  township  of  Ogle  co.,  111.  Pop.  3524.  It 
includes  the  village  of  Polo. 

Buffalo,  a  post-village  of  Sangamon  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Wabash  Railroad,  14  miles  E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  263. 

Buffalo,  a  township  of  Buchanan  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  602. 

Buffalo,  a  township  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  559. 

Buffalo,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co.,  Iowa,  in  Buffalo 
township,  and  on  the  Mississippi  Iliver,  10  miles  below 
Davenport.  It  has  4  churches,  a  glass-factory,  a  pottery, 
and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  453 ;  of  township,  additional,  1284. 

Buffalo,  a  post-village  of  Wilson  co.,  Kansas,  13  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Yates  Centre.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a 
cheese-factory,  and  a  newspaper  oflBce.     Pop.  350. 

Buffalo,  a  post-hamlet  of  La  Rue  co.,  Ky.,  6  miles  S.E. 
of  Ilodgensville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  ofSce, 
flour-  and  saw-mills,  and  a  college.     Pop.  214. 

Buffalo,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wright  co.,  Minn., 
46  miles  W.N.W.  of  St.  Paul,  on  Buffalo  Lake,  and  about  8 
miles  S.W.  of  the  Mississippi  River.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  ofliice,  and  lumber-mills.     Pop.  800. 

Buffalo,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dallas  co.,  Mo.,  in 
Benton  township,  35  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Springfield,  and  3 
miles  W.  of  the  Niangua  River.  It  has  a  court-house,  2 
churches,  and  2  weekly  newspapers.     Pop.  278. 

Buffalo,  a  city,  port  of  entry,  and  seat  of  justice  of  Erie 
CO.,  N.Y.,  is  situated  at  the  eastern  extremity  of  Lake  Erie, 
in  lat.  42°  53'  N.,  Ion.  78°  55'  W.,  being  352  miles  W.  of 
Albany  by  the  Erie  Canal  (300  miles  by  the  New  York  Cen- 
tral Railroad),  460  miles  N.W.  of  New  York  by  the  New 
York,  Lake  Erie  <t  Western  Railroad,  22  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Niagara  Falls,  182  miles  N.E.  of  Cleveland  by  the  Lake 
Shore  and  Nickel  Plate  Railroads  (203  miles  by  water), 
and  290  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Detroit  by  the  Michigan  Cen- 
tral. It  has  railway  connections  with  Goderich  on  Lake 
Huron,  159  miles  distant,  with  Detroit  and  Sarnia,  and 
with  Toronto  and  Montreal,  all  via  the  Grand  Trunk  Rail- 
way. Other  railroads  terminating  there  are  the  West  Shore, 
the  Buffalo,  Rochester  <fe  Pittsburg,  the  Western  New  York 
&  Pennsylvania,  and  the  branches  of  the  Reading  System. 

The  city  has  a  water  front  of  about  5  miles,  being  about 
2i  miles  on  the  lake  and  2^  miles  on  the  Niagara  River. 
The  site  on  the  lake  front  gradually  rises,  and  at  the  dis- 
tance of  about  2  miles  becomes  an  extended  undulating 
plain  50  feet  above  the  water-level  of  the  harbor.  A  por- 
tion of  the  river  front  is  a  bold  bluff  60  feet  above  the  water- 
level  of  the  river  and  of  the  Erie  Canal,  which  passes  near  it. 
The  more  elevated  portion  of  the  site  affords  fine  views  of 
the  city,  the  Niagara  River,  the  Canada  shore,  the  lake  and 
bay,  and  the  hilly  country  to  the  S.E.  Buffalo,  especially  the 
W.  side  residence  portion,  is  handsomely  built.  Its  streets 
are  broad  and  straight,  and  for  the  most  part  intersect  one 
another  at  right  angles.  Main  street,  extending  about  6 
miles,  Niagara  street  5  miles,  and  Delaware  avenue  3  miles, 
ore  particularly  worthy  of  mention.    At  the  point  where 


the  waters  of  the  lake  merge  in  the  Niagara  River,  Buffalo 
Creek  enters  the  lake  from  the  E.  and  the  Erie  Canal  frout 
the  N.W.,  being  nearly  parallel  in  their  pasrage  through  the 
city  and  harbor.  The  streets  in  the  more  elevated  portions 
of  the  city  are  bordered  with  a  profusion  of  shade-trees, 
and  the  more  important  avenues  have  many  fine  residences. 
Over  100  miles  of  asphalt  pavement  adds  much  to  elegance 
and  comfort.  Shade-trees  also  adorn  the  public  squares  and 
small  parks,  of  which  there  are  15. 

Favorably  located  for  business,  and  with  many  advan- 
tages as  a  place  of  residence,  Buffalo  shows  a  ratio  of  inereaxe 
in  population  far  above  the  average  of  that  of  cities  in  the 
eastern  and  older  portion  of  the  United  States,  taking  rank 
as  the  eleventh  in  population  in  the  census  of  1890.  It  is 
divided  into  25  wards,  and  governed  by  a  mayor,  25  alder- 
men, and  9  councilmen ;  the  other  city  ofiicers  are  a  treas- 
urer, comptroller,  corporation  counsel,  superintendent  of 
education,  city  engineer,  overseer  of  the  poor,  and  5  as- 
sessors.  It  claims  to  be  the  cleanest,  best  lighted,  and 
healthiest  city  in  the  United  States,  with  the  bci-t  wiiter,  and 
the  best  and  mo.-^t  complete  sewerage;  it  has  an  ample 
water-supply,  obtained  from  the  Niagara  through  a  tunnel 
extending  nearly  to  the  middle  of  the  river;  an  efficient 
police  department:  a  paid  fire  depar'ment,  which  is  well 
equipped;  a  fire  and  police  alarm  telegraph,  with  TO  miles 
of  wire,  and  signal-stations  at  all  necessary  points;  gas  is 
supplied  by  3  private  companies,  electric  light  by  1  con- 
solidated company;  natural  gas  for  fuel  by  2  companies; 
telephonic  facilities  extend  to  various  sections  of  the  city, 
and  there  are  several  lines  of  street  railway.  The  public 
buildings  include  the  United  States  custom-house  and  |)ust- 
office  (which  also  accommodates  the  United  States  courts), 
the  state  arsenal  and  state  armory,  each  with  a  regiment 
of  National  Guards,  the  city  and  county  hall  and  jail,  the 
general  hospital,  several  hospitals  and  infirmaries  under 
private  or  church  control,  a  commodious  insane  asylum, 
numerous  orphan  and  other  asylums,  4  of  which  are  under 
general  public  control,  a  fine  hotel  and  library  building  of 
the  Buffalo  Library,  167  churches,  and  a  large  number  of 
educational  buildings  and  other  edifices  of  a  more  or  lets 
public  character.  The  city  has  1  national  bank,  19  state 
banks,  and  4  savings  banks.  Besides  the  Buffalo  Library, 
already  alluded  to,  which  has  a  collection  of  about  68,000 
volumes  and  real  est.lte  to  the  value  of  $1,500,000,  there 
are  many  associations  of  a  benevolent  or  literary  character, 
including  a  Charity  Organization  Society,  a  German  Young 
Men's  Association,  the  Grosvenor  Library,  Young  Men's 
Christian  Association,  a  Roman  Catholic  Young  Men's 
Association,  a  Society  of  Natural  Sciences,  a  historical  so- 
ciety, a  law  association,  medical  societies,  an  academy  of 
fine  arts,  a  firemen's  benevolent  association,  a  Lutheran 
benevolent  association,  and  numerous  lodges  of  free  n)ason3, 
Odd-Fellows,  &o.  The  distinctively  educational  institu- 
tions belonging  to  or  located  in  Buffalo  are  numerous,  in- 
cluding a  Slate  normal  school  and  about  50  public  schools 
(with  850  teachers  and  37,500  pupils),  2  medical  colleges, 
and  65  collegiate  schools,  academies,  and  private  schools,,, 
controlled  and  conducted  by  various  church  denominations  , 
and  by  private  individuals.  Public  school  property  is,, 
valued  at  $1,774,725.  The  cost  of  maintenance  of  the 
schools  is  $775,000  annually.  The  private  schools  are  mostly 
Polish  and  Lutheran.  The  city  has  a  magnificent  public 
park  of  442  acres,  and  there  is  a  tastefully  laid-out  ceme-  I 
tery  of  75  acres,  called  the  Forest  Lawn,  in  the  suburbs. 
There  are  numerous  newspapers  published  in  Buffalo, — 
among  which  are  7  English  and  3  German  dailies,  and  20 
weeklies,  4  of  the  latter  being  sectarian.  There  are  also 
several  monthly  and  quarterly  periodicals,  making  in  all 
about  100  publications. 

Buffalo  is  an  important  and  prosperous  centre  of  trade, 
and  has  extensive  manufactures.  Its  commerce  has  steadily 
increased  for  many  years, — a  fact  due  to  its  location  at  the  , 
foot  of  the  great  chain  of  lakes,  and  to  its  being  the  ter- 
minus of  the  Erie  Canal  and  of  several  railroad  lines,  in- t 
eluding  in  all  1 1  main  lines  and  7  branches.  It  has  easy  : 
and  more  or  less  direct  railroad  communication  with  Phila- 
delphia, Chicago,  and  nearly  all  other  desirable  points. 
There  is  a  board  of  trade,  organized  in  1844  and  incorpo-i 
rated  in  1857,  which  is  now  continued  as  owner  of  the  ex-, 
tensive  building  devoted  to  the  grain  interests,  and  includ.*. 
ing  a  second  organization  known  as  the  Merchants'  Ex- 
change. Grain  is  the  most  important  article  of  commerce^ 
and  the  facilities  for  handling  and  storing  it  are  unexcelled^ 
by  those  of  any  other  city  on  this  continent;  the  growth) 
of  this  branch  of  trade  may  be  estimated  by  the  fiict  thai! 
it  was  only  in  1843  that  Joseph  Dart  built  the  first  grain-.' 
elevator  here,  and  that  there  are  now  (1892)  38  elevators, 


i! 


BUF 


735 


BUF 


with  a  capacity  for  storing  16,000,000  bushels  and  facilities 
for  transferring  4,000,000  bushels  per  day.  The  growth  of 
this  interest  may  be  calculated  from  the  record  of  receipts 
and  exports,  which  shows:  receipts,  1836  to  1845,41,851,483 
bushels;  1846  to  1855,  174,717,43"  bushels;  1856  to  1865, 
482,390,318  bushels;  1866  to  1875,571,255,254  bushels; 
1876  to  1885,720,503,441  bushels;  for  1886  (one  year) 
95,425,790  bushels  ;  for  1887,  104,737,710  bushels;  and  for 
1891,  162,391,590  bushels.  During  the  same  period  the 
exports  have  kept  pace  with  the  receipts.  This  is  now  the 
eastern  distributing  centre  of  western  flour,  receiving  by 
lake  in  1891,  7,260,092  barrels.  In  the  live-stock  trade 
Buffalo  is  second  to  Chicago  only.  The  city  has  also  a 
hirge  trade  in  anthracite  and  bituminous  coal,  received  from 
Pennsylvania  and  distributed  both  westward  and  eastward ; 
and  extensive  improvements  have  recently  been  made  in 
the  facilities  for  handling  and  shipping  tliis  commodity. 
This  port  is  now  the  distributing  point  of  all  we^^t-bound 
anthracite  coal,  shipping  nearly  3,000,000  tons  by  lake 
alone,  and  a  large,  but  unreported,  amount  by  rail.  The 
lumber-trade  is  large:  the  receipts  by  lake,  which  in  1879 
amounted  to  207,631,000  feet,  reached  in  1887  390,656,988 
leet.  Since  that  time  lake  receipts  have  not  materially 
changed,  but  rail  receipts  have  more  than  equalled  them. 

In  iron  and  steel  manufacturing  and  working,  liuffalo 
ranks  next  to  Pittsburg,  Pa.  The  census  of  1880  showed 
in  Erie  co.  1831  establishments  engaged  in  manufactures, 
having  129,200,731  capital,  employing  20,212  persons  at 
an  annual  cost  for  wages  of  $7,985,093,  using  raw  mate- 
rials to  the  value  of  $30,723,295,  and  producing  an  aggre- 
I  gate  of  $47,522,471.  Of  the  total  products  of  the  man- 
ufacturing establishments,  $1,765,320  were  in  iron  and 
steel,  besides  $3,624,029  in  machinery  and  $510,865  in 
agricultural  implements;  $2,192,628  in  malt  and  distilled 
liquors;  $3,250,487  in  flour,  Ac;  $1,799,867  in  lumber, 
sawed  and  planed,  besides  $69,820  in  sash,  blinds,  Ac,  and 
$898,571  in  furniture;  $2,877,602  in  tanned  and  dressed 
leather,  besides  $785,435  in  boots  and  shoes ;  $2,037,893 
in  malt;  $562,192  in  metallic  wares;  $3,075,000  in  glucose; 
$487,887  in  tobacco,  cigars,  &c. ;  $443,331  in  carriages  and 
wagons;  $1,176,840  in  soap  and  candles;  $1,166,956  in  ship- 
building, &c. ;  $475,904  in  cooperage;  $211,070  in  bricks; 
$88,700  in  vinegar,  &c.  Of  the  foregoing,  1183  establish- 
ments, with  a  capital  of  $26,847,937,  were  in  Buff"alo.  At 
this  writing  the  census  of  manufactures  of  1890  is  not  pub- 
lished, but  the  increase  in  ten  years  has  been  enormous. 

The  total  debt  of  the  city  of  Buff'alo  in  1892  was  $1 1,374,- 
647.26;  and  the  assessed  valuation  of  property,  including 
personal  property  and  real  estate,  was  $197,084,780. 

Buffalo,  originally  laid  out  by  the  Holland  Company  in 
1801,  became  in  1812  a  military  post.  It  was  burnt  in 
December,  1813,  when  of  the  200  houses  composing  the 
Tillage  all  but  two  were  destroyed  by  the  British  and  In- 
dians. By  act  of  Congress  $80,000  was  voted  to  compen- 
sate the  sufferers  for  the  loss  sustained.  In  April,  1832,  it 
was  incorporated  as  a  city,  and  in  1852  the  charter  was 
amended  so  as  to  include  Black  Rock.  The  act  of  the  legis- 
lature was  ratified  by  the  people  in  1853,  and  on  the  first 
day  of  January,  1854,  it  went  into  operation.  Pop.  in  1810, 
1508;  in  1820,  2095  ;  in  1830,  8653  ;  in  1840,  18,213  ;  in  1850, 
42,261;  in  1860,85,500;  in  1870,117,714;  in  1880,155,134; 
in  1890,  254,457;  and  in  1892  (state  census),  278,796. 

Buffalo,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  N.D.,  16  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Castleton.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  177. 

Buffalo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Guernsey  co.,  0.,  in  Valley 
township,  50  miles  N.  of  Marietta. 
Buffalo,  a  township  of  Noble  co.,  0.     Pop.  780. 
Buffalo,   a   township   of  Butler   co.,   Pa.     Pop.   1495. 
Buffalo  Station  is  on  the  Western   Pennsylvania  Kailroad, 
20  miles  S.E.  of  Butler. 

Buffalo,  a  township  of  Perry  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  770. 
Buffalo,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1521. 
Buffalo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co..  Pa.,  8  miles 
W.  of  Washington.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  township, 
1189.     The  township  has  beds  of  coal. 
Buffalo,  a  township  of  Kershaw  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1764. 
Buffalo,  a  post-otfice  of  Humphreys  co.,  Tenn. 
Buffalo,  a  post-village  of  Leon  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Inter- 
national A  Great  Northern  Railroad,  34  miles  S.W.  of  Pal- 
estine.    It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  oflice, 
a  brewery,  and  several  dry -goods  stores. 

Buffalo,  a  station  in  Fayette  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Ches- 
apeake &,  Ohio  Railroad,  and  on  the  Great  Kanawha  River, 
69  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Charleston. 

Buffalo,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Great  Kanawha  River,  about  22  miles  from  its  mouth,  and 


30  miles  N.W.  of  Charleston,     it  has  3  churches,  a  flouring- 
mill,  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  400. 

Buffalo,  a  post- village  of  Buffalo  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  Mis- 
sissippi, about  20  miles  above  Winona.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  275. 

Buffalo,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Jdhnson  co,,  Wyoming, 
about  27  miles  (direct)  S.  by  E.  of  Sheridan.  It  has.  3 
churches,  a  national  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  graded 
schools,  2  flour-mills,  and  a  court-house.     Pop.  1087. 

Buffalo  Bayou,  bi'oo,  a  small  river  of  Texas,  runs 
eastward  through  Harris  co.,  and  enters  Galveston  Bay 
(through  the  estuary  of  San  Jacinto  River)  about  20  miles 
(direct)  E.S.E.  of  Houston.  Steamboats  can  ascend  from 
its  mouth  to  Houston. 

Buffalo  Bluff,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co.,  Fla. 

Buffalo  Cove,  a  post-office  of  Caldwell  co.,  N.C. 

Buffalo  Creek,  Georgia,  runs  southward  in  Washing- 
ton CO.,  and  enters  the  Oconee  River  where  the  Georgia 
Central  Railroad  crosses  that  river. 

Buffalo  Creek,  Iowa,  runs  southeastward,  drains 
parts  of  Buchanan,  Delaware,  and  Linn  cos.,  and  enters 
the  Wapsipinicon  River  at  Anamosa.  Length,  about  100 
miles. 

Buffalo  Creek,  Minnesota,  runs  eastward  through 
McLeod  CO.,  and  enters  the  South  Fork  of  Crow  River  at 
the  W.  border  of  Carver  co.     It  is  about  70  miles  long. 

Buffalo  Creek,  Mississippi,  runs  westward  through 
Wilkinson  co.  into  the  Mississippi  River. 

Buffalo  Creek,  New  York,  is  formed  by  Cayuga, 
Cazenove,  and  Seneca  Creeks,  which  unite  in  Erie  co.  It 
runs  nearly  westward,  and  enters  Lake  Erie  at  the  city  of 
Buffalo,  which  is  built  on  both  sides  of  this  creek, 

Buffalo  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  runs  southward,  drains 
parts  of  Armstrong  and  Butler  cos.,  and  enters  the  Alle- 
ghany River  at  Freeport. 

Buffalo  Creek,  Perry  co.,  Pa.,  runs  in  an  E.N.E, 
direction,  and  enters  the  Juniata  River  about  7  miles 
N.E.  of  New  Bloomfield. 

Buffalo  Creek,  Union  co..  Pa.,  runs  eastward,  and 
enters  the  AVest  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  at  Lewisburg. 

Buffalo  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co., 
Pa.,  about  6  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Lewisburg. 

Buffalo  Ford,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C. 

Buffalo  Forge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockbridge  co.,  Va., 
9  miles  S.  of  Lexington. 

Buffalo  Fork  of  White  River  rises  in  Newton  co., 
Ark.,  runs  eastward  and  northeastward,  intersects  Searcy 
CO.,  and  enters  White  River  in  the  N.  part  of  the  state. 
It  is  nearly  125  miles  long. 

Buffalo  Fork,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kossuth  co.,  Iowa,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Algona. 

Buffalo  Furuace,  a  village  of  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.,  7 
miles  W.  of  Kittanning.     It  has  a  woollen-factory. 

Buffalo  Ci!ap,  a  post-town  of  Custer  co.,  S.D.,  56  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Chadrou.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  several 
flour-mills,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  800. 

Buffalo  Gap,  a  post-village  of  Taylor  co.,  Tex.,  14 
miles  S.  of  Abilene.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  500. 

Buffalo  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  11  : 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Staunton,     It  has  a  church. 

Buffalo  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co.,  III. 

Buffalo  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Buchanan  co.,  Iowa, 
on  Buffalo  Creek,  8  miles  from  Winthrop  Railroad  Station. 
It  has  a  church,  a  steam  mill,  and  2  stores. 

Buffalo  Hart,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sangamon  co.,  111.,  in 
Buffalo  Hart  township,  13  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Spring- 
field.    It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  township,  538. 

Buffalo  Knob,  a  hamlet  of  Pike  co.,  Mo.,  in  Prairie- 
ville  township,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Bowling  Green.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  drug-store. 

Buffalo  Lake,  Wisconsin,  a  narrow  lake,  or,  properly, 
an  expansion  of  Neenah  River,  in  Marquette  CO.,  about  10 
miles  long,  communicates  with  Pacawa  Lake. 

Buffalo  Lake  (Fr.  Lac  du  Baffle,  lik  dU  biifiTl),  the 
name  of  three  lakes  of  British  North  America ;  one  in  lat. 
66°  20'  N.,  Ion.  113°  W.,  another  in  lat.  56°  N.,  Ion.  113° 
45'  W.,  and  the  third  in  lat.  52°  15'  N.,  Ion.  112°  10'  W. 

Buffalo  Lick,  a  post-office  of  Poinsett  co..  Ark, 

Buffalo  Lick,  a  township  of  Chariton  co..  Mo.  Pop. 
1267. 

Buffalo  Lick,  a  post-office  of  Roane  co.,  W.  Va. 

B  nffal  o  Lith'ia  Springs ,  a  post- village  and  w.atering- 
place  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  Va.,  12  miles  E.  of  Scottsburg 
Railroad  Station,  and  110  miles  S.W.  of  Richmond. 

Buffalo  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Bedford  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  24  miiea. 
N.  of  Cumberland,  Md.    It  has  2  churches. 


BUF 


736 


BUK 


Baflfalo  Mills,  a  post-offloe  of  Rockbridge  oo.,  Va. 

Butl'alo  Mountain,  Pennsylvania,  is  lituated  in  the 
N.  part  of  Union  co.,  N.  of  liutl'alo  Creek,  an  affluent  of  the 
■West  Hninch  of  the  Susquehanna. 

liutl'alo  Paper-Mill,  a  pout-hamlet  of  Cleveland  co., 
N.C.,  onthe  Carolina  Central  Railroad  (Shelby  division),  60 
miles  AV.  of  Charlotte.    It  has  a  ohuroh  and  a  paper-mill. 

liutl'alo  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  of  the  Park 
Range,  lut.  38°  69'  M"  N.,  Ion.  106°  7'  15"  W.  It  has  an 
alUtude  of  13,541  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Ilutfalo  Plains,  formerly  a  post-village  of  Erie  co., 
R.Y.,  6  miles  from  the  city  of  Butlalo,  but  now  forming  a 
pirt  of  the  12th  ward  of  that  city.  A  branch  of  the  New 
Vork  Central  Railroad  passes  through  it.  It  has  a  church, 
an  almshouse,  and  a  manufactory  of  cement. 

Uutialo  Prairie,  a  post-township  of  Rock  Island  co., 
III.,  lU  miles  E.  of  Muscatine,  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
Missisisippi  River.     It  has  5  churches.     Pop.  1291. 

Uutlalora,  boof-f&-lo'r&,  or  Botfalora,  b6f-f&-lo'r&, 
a  town  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  25  miles  N.N.W.  of  Pavia, 
on  the  Ticino.     Pop.  1598. 

Buffalo  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
Tenn.,  7  miles  N.  of  Joucsborough.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  flour-mill. 

Buttalo  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Patrick  oo.,  Va. 

Butl'alo  River,  of  Africa.    See  Umzin'yati. 

Butl'alo  River,  Tennessee,  drains  parts  of  Lewis  and 
Wayne  cos.,  runs  northward  through  Perry  co.,  and  enters 
Duck  River  about  20  miles  from  its  mouth.  Length,  about 
100  miles. 

Butfalo  River  (or  Creek),  of  Wisconsin,  drains  the 
N.  part  of  Trempealeau  co.,  and  runs  southwestward  through 
Buffalo  CO.,  until  it  enters  the  Mississippi  River  at  Alma. 

Butfalo  Rock,  a  station  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island 
&  Pacific  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of  La  Salle,  III. 

Butfalo  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Centre  oo.,  Pa.,  in  Pat- 
ton  township,  about  12  miles  S.W.  of  Bellefonte.  It  has  a 
church. 

Buffalo  Shoals,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  W.  Va., 
8  miles  from  Huntington.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Butfalo  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Park  co.,  Col.,  15 
miles  direct  E.  by  S.  of  Fair  Play,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Butfalo  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co.,  Tenn., 
30  miles  E.  of  Lebanon.    It  has  several  churches  and  mills. 

Buf'faloville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Spencer  co.,  Ind.,  About 
36  miles  E.N.E.  of  Evansville.  It  has  a  church  and  sev- 
eml  stores. 

Butfalo  WallOAV,  Alabama.    See  Buffalo. 

Butf'ingtou,  a  post-office  of  Stoddard  co.,  Mo. 

Butfington,  a  township  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  877. 

Butfon,  biiffdN*',  a  village  of  France,  in  C6te-d'0r,  11 
miles  N.  of  Semur-en-Auxois.  It  has  iron-foundries.  The 
seigniory  of  this  village  belonged  to  the  illustrious  Buffon, 
and  was  by  him  erected  into  a  comti. 

Bu'ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baxter  co.,  Ark.,  6  miles  S. 
of  Mountain  Home,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Buford,  a  post-village  of  Gwinnett  co.,  6a.,  37  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  496. 

Bniord,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ohio  co.,  Ky.,  8  miles  from 
Riley's  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam  mill, 
and  3  stores. 

Buford,  a  post-village  of  Highland  co.,  0.,  in  Clay 
township,  about  40  miles  E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  2 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  furniture  and  wagons. 

Buford,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1158. 

Buford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Giles  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Louis- 
ville <fc  Great  Southern  Railroad,  69  miles  S.  of  Nashville. 

Buford,  a  station  in  Albany  co.,  Wyoming,  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  27  miles  W.  of  Cheyenne. 

Buford's  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of 
Barnwell  co.,  S.C,  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Blackville.  Pop.  of 
Buford's  Bridge  township,  1385.     It  has  4  churches. 

Bu'fordville,or  Buford's  Station,  a  hamlet  of 
Bedford  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  <fc  Ohio  Rail- 
road, in  the  Blue  Ridge,  37  miles  W.  of  Lynchburg.  It 
baa  2  hotels  and  a  flour-mill. 

Bug,  Boug,  boog,  or  Bog  (anc.  Hyp'anie),  a  river  of 
Russia,  governments  of  Podolia  and  Kherson,  flows  mostly 
S.E.,  and  enters  the  estuary  of  the  Dnieper,  30  miles  W.  of 
Kherson.  Total  course,  340  miles.  Affluents,  the  Siniookha, 
Radima,  and  Ingool.  The  towns  of  Bratslav,  Olviopol,  Vos- 
nesensk,  and  Nikolaiev  are  on  its  banks,  and  it  is  navigable 
from  the  sea  to  Vosnesensk. 

Bug,  Bong,  or  Bog,  a  river  of  Russian  Poland,  form- 
ing a  great  part  of  the  eastern  frontier  of  Poland,  rises  in 
Qalicia,  near  Zloczow,  flows  generally  N.  to  Brest-Litovsk, 


and  thence  N.W.,  and  joins  the  Vistula  18  miles  N.W.  of 
Warsaw,  after  a  course  of  upwards  of  300  miles.  Chief 
affluents,  the  Mukhovctz,  Tsna,  and  Narew.  The  towns  of 
Zloczow,  Wlodawa,  Brcst-Litovsk,  Drohitsin,  Wyszkow, 
£c.,  are  on  its  banks.  The  lirest-Litovsk  Canal,  which 
unites  the  Mukbovetz  and  Pira  Rivers,  connects  it  with 
the  Dnieper. 

Buga,  boo'gi,  a  town  of  South  America,  in  the  United 
States  of  Colombia,  state  of  Cauoa,  105  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Popayan.     Pop.  6B00. 

Buga,  a  town  of  South  America,  in  the  United  .SUiti^. 
of  Colombia,  45  miles  N.E.  of  Popayan. 

Bugarach,  bU^g&'r&^h',  a  village  of  France,  depait- 
ment  of  Audo,  12  miles  S.  of  Limoux.     Pop.  790. 

Bugey,  bii^zh4',  a  small  territory  of  France,  in  the  old 
province  of  Burgundy,  now  comprised  in  the  department  of 
Ain.     Its  capital  was  Belloy. 

Buggenliout,  bug'g^n-hSwt^  a  village  of  Belgium, 
province  of  Flanders,  5  miles  by  rail  £.  of  Dendermonde. 
Pop.  4600. 

Buggiano,  bood-j&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Lucca,  27  miles  W.N.W.  of  Florence.     Pop.  10,706. 

Bugliat,  bug^h&t',  a  Sikh  state,  in  India,  under  British 
protection,  between  the  Sutlej  and  Jumna  Rivers,  W.  of 
the  Sirmore  Valley.  The  surface  is  hilly.  Princijjal  forts, 
Rajghur  and  Tuxhal.     Pop.  3240. 

Bug  Hill,  post-township,  Columbusco.,  N.C.    Pop.  513. 

Bughis  Bay,  in  Celebes.     See  Gulf  of  Bo.vi. 

Bugia,  or  Bugiah,  a  town  of  Algiers.    See  Buiigiar. 

Bugis,  boo'gheez^  a  people  of  the  Malay  Aruhi|ielago, 
chiefly  inhabiting  Macassar  and  Boni,  in  the  island  of  Cele- 
bes. They  are  muscular,  middle-sized,  and  of  a  light-brown 
color,  some  being  even  fair. 

Bugs'by's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Chili  township,  IJ  miles  from  Chili  Station. 

Buguima,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Boogoolma. 

Buguruslan,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  BooGooitooKLAN. 

Biihl,  bill,  a  village  of  Alsace-Lorraine,  6  miles  S.S.W, 
of  Colmar.     Pop.  2593. 

Biihl,  bill,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Baden,  25  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Carlsruhe,  on  the  railway  thence  to  Kehl.  Pop.  28.'i8. 
It  has  manufactures  of  leather,  and  large  weekly  markets. 

Biihier,  bii'l^r,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Ap- 
penzell,  3  miles  S.S.W.  of  Trogen.     Pop.  1605. 

Build'was,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Salop,  on  the 
Severn,  here  crossed  by  a  fine  iron  bridge,  3^  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Wenlock.    Here  arebeautiful  remains  of  Buildwas  Abbey. 

Builth,  or  Llan'fair,  a  town  and  railway  junction  of 
Wales,  CO.  of  Brecon,  on  the  Wye,  12  miles  S.W.  of  New 
Radnor.     Pop.  1059. 

Buinsk,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Booinsk. 

Buironfosse,  bU^eeV6N»'fos8'  or  bweeV6N»'foss',  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  in  Aisne,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Vervins.    P.  1400. 

Buis,  or  lie  Buis,  l§h  bii-ee'  (or  bwee),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Drome,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Nyons.     Pop.  2350. 

Buitenpost,  boi't?n-post\  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, Friesland,  16  miles  E.  of  Leeuwarden.     Pop.  919. 

Buitensluis,  boi't^n-slois^  or  Nuniansdorp,  noo'- 
mins-doRp^,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  South  Holland, 
25  miles  S.  of  Rotterdam.     Pop.  2828. 

Buitenzorg,  boi't§n-zouG\  a  town  of  Java,  capital  of 
the  province,  36  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Batavia.  It  has  a  splen- 
did palace  of  the  governor-general,  a  prison,  and  one  of  the 
finest  botanic  gardens  in  the  world. 

Buitenzorg,  a  province  or  assistant-residency  of  the 
Dutch  in  Java.  It  comprises  one  of  the  healthiest  and 
pleasantest  parts  of  the  island.     Pop.  361,283. 

Buitrago,  boo-ee-tr&'go,  an  ancient  town  of  Spain,  40 
miles  N.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  825. 

Biualance,  boo-Hi-lin'thi,  a  town  of  Spain,  17  miles 
E.  of  Cordova.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  a  college,  a  Latin 
school,  2  other  schools,  2  hospitals,  and  extensive  manu- 
factures of  woollens,  leather,  <fec.     Pop.  8946. 

Bujaleuf,  bii'zhi'luf,  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute- 
Vienne,  18  miles  E.  of  Limoges,  on  the  Vienne,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Maude.     Pop.  2086. 

Buk,  book,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  and  15  miles 
by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Posen.  It  has  manufactures  of  cloth  and 
shoes.     Pop.  2670. 

Bukaa,  an  Arabic  name  of  C(ele-Syria. 

Bukharest,  the  capital  of  Roumania.   See  Bucn  auest. 

Bukharia,  or  Bucharia,  bu-ki're-a,  a  name  given 
to  a  wide  extent  of  territory  in  Central  Asia,  comprising  the 
E.  part  of  Independent  Tartary  and  the  W.  part  of  Chinese 
Tartary,  the  latter  subdivision  being  called  Little  Bukharia. 

See  TooRKisTAN,  Bokhara,  Khokan. Adj.  and  inhab 

BuKHARiAN  or  BucHARiAN,  bu-ki're-§.n. 


BUK 


737 


JlUL 


Bukhtarminsk,  Russia.  See  Bookhtahminsk. 
Bukit  Barisaii,  Sumatra.  See  Bookit  Barisan. 
Bukkcn,  book'k^n,  an  island  of  Norway,  on  the  W. 
eoast,  province  of  Christiansand,  lat.  59°  12'  N.,  Ion.  6°  22' 
E.,  with  a  village  of  the  same  name.  The  Bukke  or  Bukken- 
Fiord  is  an  arm  of  the  sea,  extending  about  35  miles  inland, 
with  a  breadth  of  from  10  to  15  miles. 

Biikkur,  biik'kur,  written  also  Bukhu,  an  island  and 
fort  of  Sinde,  in  the  Indus,  between  the  towns  of  Roree  on 
the  E.  and  Sukkur  on  the  W.  bank,  165  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Hyderabad.     Lat.  27°  41'  N. ;  Ion.  68°  52'  E. 

Bukkur,  or  Bhakkar,  buk'kur,  a  town  of  the  Pun- 
jab, India,  district  and  17  miles  S.S.E.  of  Dera  Ismacel 
Khan.     Pop.  5554. 

Biikowina,or  Bukovina,boo''ko-vee'n3,,  a  duchy  or 
crown-land  of  the  Austrian  Empire  (Cisleithanian  division), 
bounded  N.  and  N.W.  by  Galicia,  E.  by  Russia  and  Rou- 
uiania,  S.  by  Moldavia,  and  W.  by  Hungary  and  Transyl- 
vania. Area,  4036  square  miles.  It  is  a  fertile  province, 
with  extensive  forests,  and  the  name  itself  is  derived  from 
the  abundance  of  beech-trees.  The  Emperor  of  Austria  is 
Duke  of  Bukowina,  and  the  immediate  head  of  govern- 
ment is  called  the  president.  Two-fifths  of  the  people  are 
Ruthenians,  and  of  the  remainder  a  large  majority  are 
Roumanians.     Capital,  Czernowitz.     Pop.  in  1890,  646,591. 

Bu'la,  a  post-village  of  Goochland  co.,  Va.,  15  miles 
S.W.  from  Fredericks  Hall  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Bulacan,  boo-li-kin',  a  town  of  Luzon,  in  the  Philip- 
pine Islands,  capital  of  a  province  of  the  same  name,  on  the 
river  Bulacan,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Manila.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  sugar,  silks,  and  carpets.     Pop.  about  10,000. 

Biilach,  bii'liK,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  10 
miles  N.  of  Zurich.     Pop.  1655. 

Bulak,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Boolak. 

Bulama,  boo-ld.'mi,,  one  of  the  Bissagos  Islands,  Africa, 
20  miles  S.  of  Bissao.  Lat.  11°  34'  N. ;  Ion.  15°  33'  W.  It 
is  about  20  miles  in  length  by  10  miles  in  breadth.  Pre- 
vious to  1794  it  was  the  site  of  a  British  settlement,  but  it 
is  now  claimed  by  Portugal. 

Bulandshahr,  a  town  of  India.    See  Boolundshahiir. 

Bulavadeen,  or  Bulavadin,  boo-ia,-vi-deen',  writ- 
ten also  Bolavadin  (anc.  Polyb'otua),  a  town  of  Asia 
Minor,  28  miles  E.N.E.  of  Afioom.  Pop.  3000,  who  are  all 
Mohammedans. 

Bulga,  bool'gi.  a  mountain  and  town  of  Abyssinia,  in 
Shoa,  26  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ankober. 

Bulgaria,  bool-gA,'re-a  (Fr.  Bulgarte,  bUrgiVee'; 
Qer.  Bulgarien,  b6ol-g3.'re-5n :  anc.  Mos'aia  fii/e'rior),  a 
principality  of  Europe, — since  1885  including  Eastern 
Roumelia  and  extending  between  lat.  41°  30'  and  44°  20' 
N.  and  Ion.  22°  40'  and  28°  40'  E.  It  is  sepamted  N.  by 
the  Danube  from  Roumania,  having  S.  Turkey,  W.  Servia, 
and  E.  the  Black  Sea.  Area,  37,860  square  miles.  Capital, 
Sophia.  Surface  mountainous  in  the  centre,  level  in  the 
north,  generally  well  wooded,  and  abounding  with  rich 
pasture.  Principal  river,  the  Danube,  with  its  tributaries, 
the  Isker,  Vid,  Jantra  (or  Yantra),  and  Osma,  and  the 
Kamchik  and  Pravadi,  which  enter  the  Black  Sea.  Chief 
products,  cattle,  tallow,  hides,  hemp,  flax,  skins,  timber, 
and  attar  of  roses.  In  the  vicinity  of  Silistria  a  surplus 
of  corn  is  produced,  but  in  some  other  parts  the  rearing  of 
live-stock  is  the  chief  branch  of  industry.  The  Bulgarians 
are  by  many  authors  assigned  to  the  Finnish  race,  while 
others  consider  them  Slavic.  They  are  doubtless  of  mixed 
descent;  but  their  language  is  essentially  South  Slavic,  with 
copious  Turkish  elements.  Of  the  total  pop.  (3,154,375  in 
1888),  some  2,326,250  are  Bulgarians ;  the  rest  being  Circas- 
sians, Roumanians,  Jews,  Armenians,  Albanians,  Gypsies, 
Ac.  The  Bulgarians  are  chiefly  of  the  Greek  faith ;  but 
some  are  Mohammedans,  and  a  part  are  Catholics  (United 
Bulgarians),  of  a  special  branch  called  the  Bulgarian  rite. 
They  manufacture  common  woollens,  rifle-barrels,  and  mo- 
rocco leather,  in  addition  to  their  rural  occupations,  and 
are  favorably  distinguished  by  industrious  habits  from  the 
Turks,  by  whom  they  have  been  much  oppressed.  From 
the  seventh  century  till  1018,  and  again  from  1196  to  the 
middle  of  the  fourteenth  century,  Bulgaria  formed  an  in- 
dependent kingdom  ;  but  it  then  became  subject  to  Hungary, 
and  was  finally  conquered  by  the  Turks  in  1392.  In  1878 
it  was  decided  by  the  Congress  of  Berlin  to  make  Bulgaria 
an  autonomic  principality,  tributary  to  Turkey  but  to  be 
ruled  by  a  Christian  prince,  the  N.E.  part  (the  Dobrudja) 
being  given  to  Roumania.  In  January,  1886,  Eastern  Rou- 
melia  was  added  to  Bulgaria. Adj.  and  inhab.  Bul- 
garian, bo6l-gi're-an. 

Bulger,  biil'j§r,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Pa., 


in  Smith  township,  on  the  Pittsburg  &  Columbus  Railroad, 
23  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Pittsburg. 

Bulger's  Mills,  a  post-ofl!ce  of  Tallapoosa  co.,  Ala. 
Bulgneville,  biirniVeel',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vosges, 
12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Neufchateau.     Pop.  1808. 

Bu'lin's  Si'ding,  a  station  in  Weld  co.,  Col.,  on  the 
Boulder  Valley  Railroad,  25  miles  E.  of  Boulder. 
Bulklcy,  Illinois.     See  Buckley. 
Bull'ard's,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Twiggs  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  Macon  &  Brunswick  Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of  Macon. 
Bullard's  Bar,  a  post-ofiice  of  Yuba  co.,  Cal. 
Bullas,  bool'yis,  a  town  of  Spain,  32  miles  W.  of  Mur- 
cia.     Pop.  4470.     It  has  many  Roman  remains. 

Bull  Creek,  of  Taney  co..  Mo.,  enters  White  River 
near  the  middle  of  the  county. 

Bulle,  bo51'§h,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  14 
miles  S.  of  Freiburg.  It  is  on  a  railway,  and  is  the  chief 
entrepot  for  Gruyere  cheese.     Pop.  2274. 

Bullers  of  Buchan,  bul'I^rz  ov  buK'an,  a  small  fish- 
ing village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Aberdeen,  22  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Aberdeen.  Close  by  the  village  is  the  natural  curiosity 
called  the  Bullers  of  Buchan,  a  group  of  singular  rocks  and 
seaworn  caverns, 

Bulles,  bull,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Oise,  6 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Clermont.     Pop.  966. 

Bull  Head,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  N.C. 

Bullina,  bool-yee'ni  or  boo-lee'ni,  a  small  stream  of 
Yucatan,  fixlls  into  the  sea  opposite  Cancun  Island,  near  21° 
N.  lat.  and  87°  W.  Ion. 

Bullion,  bSol'yun,  a  mining  post-village  of  Elko  co., 
Nev.,  28  miles  S.W.  from  Elko.  Pop.  about  200.  Bullion 
Station,  in  Eureka  co.,  is  on  the  Eureka  &  Palisade  Rail- 
road, 8  miles  S.  of  Palisade,  and  several  miles  W.  of  Bullion. 

Bullion,  a  post-village  of  Venango  co..  Pa.,  in  Clinton 
township,  1  mile  from  Kennerdell,  and  3  miles  from  Scrub 
Grass  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  and  sev- 
eral oil-wells,  and  is  mainly  supported  by  the  oil  business. 

Bullionville,  b6ol'yiin-vil,a  mining  camp  of  Lincoln 
CO.,  Nev.,  on  the  Nevada  Central  Railroad,  20  miles  S.  from 
Pioche.     Silver  is  found  here. 

Bullitt,  bSol'it,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  adjacent  to  the 
Ohio  River,  has  an  area  of  about  230  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  Salt  River  and  its  East  Fork.  The  surface  is 
hilly  or  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  ; 
the  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Louisville  & 
Nashville  Railroad.  Iron  ore  is  found  in  it.  Capital,  Shep- 
herdsville.  Pop.  in  1870,  7781;  in  1880,  8521:  in  1890, 
8291. 

Bullitt^s  Bayou,  bi'oo,  a  post-office  of  Concordia 
parish,  La. 

Bull  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Ala. 

Bull'och  or  Bull'ock,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of 
Georgia,  has  an  area  of  about  950  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Ogeechee  River,  and  on  the 
S.W.  by  the  Cannouchee  River,  whose  affluents  water  the 
county.  The  surface  is  level,  and  mostly  covered  with 
forests  of  pine ;  the  soil  is  sandy.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
sugar-cane,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  The  capital 
is  Statesborough,  which  is  the  terminus  of  the  only  railroad 
that  enters  into  the  heart  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870, 
5610;  in  1880,  8053;  in  1890,  13,712. 

Bull'ochville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Meriwether  co.,  Ga., 
6  miles  S.  of  Greeneville,  the  capital  of  the  county,  on  the 
line  of  the  Greeneville  &  Columbia  Railroad. 

Bull'ock,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Alabama,  has  an 
area  of  about  700  square  miles.  It  is  partly  drained  by 
the  sources  of  Pea  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level  or 
undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  ash, 
cypress,  hickory,  white  oak,  &c.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cot- 
ton, Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  2  branches  of  the  Central  Railroad 
of  Georgia,  which  meet  and  cross  each  other  at  Union 
Springs,  the  capital  of  the  county.  These  branches  run 
from  N.E.  to  S.  and  from  N.W.  to  S.E.  respectively.  Pop. 
in  1879,  24,474;  in  1880,  29,066;  in  1890,  27,063. 

Bullock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crenshaw  co.,  Ala.,  24  milee 
S.S.W.  of  Troy.     It  has  a  church. 

Bullock  Creek,  a  post-township  of  York  co.,  S.C. 
Pop.  3068.     It  includes  Blairsville. 

Bullock's  Corners,  a  village  in  Wentworth  co.,  Oa- 
tario,  J  mile  from  Dundas.  It  contains  grist-,  flouring-, 
and  cotton-batting-mills,  and  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  150. 

Bull  Pond,  township,  Barnwell  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  2400. 

Bull  Run,  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Virginia,  forms  the 
boundary  between  Fairfax  and  Prince  AVilliam  cos.  until  it 
enters  the  Occoquan  River,  14  miles  from  its  mouth.    This 


BUL 


738 


BUN 


itream  gives  iU  name  to  two  battles:  the  first  was  fought 
July  21,  1861 ;  the  second,  August  29  nnd  30,  18(32.  In 
both  actions  the  Union  army  wa«  dofentod. 

Bull  Kun,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Kno.willo  &  Ohio  Railroad,  iit  Hoiskell's  Station,  12  miles 
N.  of  KuoxviUe.    It  has  2  ohurohes. 

Bull  Uun,  a  iio.-t-haiulet  of  Fairfax  co.,  Va.,  10  miles 
(direct)  W.  by  S.  of  Fairfas  Court-House,  and  9  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  Fairfax  Station.     It  has  a  few  stores  Ac. 

Ball's  Bay,  or  BabonI  Bay,  a  bay  of  Newfound- 
land, in  Lut,  47°  25'  N.,  Ion.  62°  20'  W.    See  Bay  Udi.ls. 

Bull's  Bay,  a  large  inlet  on  the  coaot  of  Charleston 
CO.,  S.C.,  between  Bull's  Island  and  Raccoon  Keys. 

Bull's  Ferry,  a  village  of  Hudson  co.,  N.J.,  in  Wee- 
hawkcn  township,  on  the  Hudson  River,  about  4  miles  N. 
of  Hoboken.     It  has  2  churches  and' a  brewery. 

Bull's  (jiap,  or  Rogersville  Junction,  a  post-office 
and  station  of  Hawkins  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  East  Tennessee, 
Virginia  A  Georgia  Railroad  at  its  junction  with  the  Rogers- 
ville A  Jefferson  Railroad,  13  miles  E.  of  Morristown. 

Bull's  Head,  a  post-office  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y. 

Bull's  Island,  a  station  in  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  at 
Raven  Rock  (which  see),  on  the  Bolvidere  Delaware  Rail- 
road, 6  miles  N.W.  of  Lambertville.  Near  it  is  an  island 
of  the  same  name,  in  the  Delaware  River. 

Bull'skin,  a  township  of  Fayette  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1657. 

Bull's  Mills,  Delaware.    See  Peppek's  Store. 

Bull  Swamp,  a  post-township  of  Lexington  co.,  S.C, 
IS  miles  from  Lexington  Court-House.  It  has  4  churches. 
Pop.  93.3. 

Bull'town,  a  hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind.,  in  Posey 
township,  5  u.Mes  W.  of  Laurel.     It  has  a  stone-quarry. 

Bulltown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Braxton  co.,  W.  Va.,  48 
miles  from  Clarksburg.     It  has  salt-works. 

Bull'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Middletown  A  Crawford  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Middle- 
town.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bulola,  boo-lo'l4,  a  river  of  Africa,  in  Sencgambia, 
which  enters  the  Atlantic  opposite  the  Bissagos  Islands. 

Bulola,  a  town  of  Senegambia,  on  a  branch  of  Bulola 
River,  60  miles  from  the  sea;  lat.  li°  31'  N.,  Ion.  14°  20'  W. 

Bulsaur,  barsawr',  Bulsar,  or  Balsar,  bQl'sar',  a 
town  of  British  India,  on  the  Gulf  of  Cambay,  district  and 
42  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Surat.  It  has  cotton-mills  and  a  good 
trade  by  sea.     Pop.  11,675. 

Bulstrode,  or  Sainte  Valerie  de  Bulstrode,  skst 
v&M4*ree'  d^h  booPstrod',  a  post-village  in  Arthabaska  co., 
Quebec,  on  Wolfe  River,  with  a  station  on  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railroad  (Three  Rivers  Branch),  11  miles  from  Arthabaska. 
It  has  2  saw-mills  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  120. 

Bulsun,  barsun',  a  Sikh  state  of  Northern  India,  under 
British  protection,  between  the  Sutlej  and  the  Jumna,  in  lat. 
31°  N.,  Ion.  77°  E.     Pop.  4892. 

Buiti,  bul'tee',  Balti,  Baltee,  b&rtee\  Bultistan, 
or  Baltistan,  buTte-stin',  called  also  Little  Thibet, 
and  Iskardoh,  is-kar-do',  a  state  of  Central  Asia,  a  de- 
pendency of  Cashmere,  but  N.  of  the  Himalayas,  between 
lat.  34°  40'  and  35°  30'  N.,  Ion.  74°  40'  and  76°  20'  E., 
and  surrounded,  except  on  the  S.W.,  by  the  Chinese  domin- 
ions. Area,  estimated  at  12,000  square  miles.  Pop.  esti- 
mated at  75,000.  It  consists  of  a  part  of  the  upper  valley 
of  the  Indus,  having  a  general  elevation  of  6000  or  7000  feet 
above  the  sea,  and  enclosed  by  mountains  which  rise  6000 
or  8000  feet  higher.  The  climate  is  very  cold  in  winter,  and 
the  soil  requires  careful  culture  to  enable  it  to  produce  corn, 
Ac. ;  European  fruits  are,  however,  plentiful.  The  animals 
comprise  tne  sha,  large-horned  goat,  sheep,  musk-deer,  and 
ibex  ;  arsenic  and  sulphur  are  among  the  mineral  products. 
The  inhabitants  are  of  Mongolian  race,  and  Mohammedans 
of  the  Sheeah  sect;  until  the  late  Sikh  conquest  they  lived 
under  a  hereditary  chief,  termed  the  gylfo.  The  principal 
town  is  Iskardoh. 

Bulubgurh,  orBulabgarh,  bfirub-gfin',  written  also 
BulMuinghur',  atown  of  the  Delhi  district,  British  India, 
29  miles  S.  of  Delhi.     Pop.  6281. 

Bulwcr,  bool'w^r,  a  post-village  in  Compton  oo.,  Que- 
bec, 9  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Lennoxville.     Pop.  150. 

Bulwudun,  or  Bulawadin.     See  Bulavadben. 

Bamm,  a  fortified  town  of  Persia.    See  Bam. 

Bumpass,  biim'pas,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Louisa 
00.,  Va.,  on  the  Chesapeake  A  Ohio  Railroad,  45  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Richmond.     Fine  tobacco  is  shipped  here. 

Bum'pus  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Stewart  co.,  Tenn. 

Bunahee,  bun'i-hee',  a  town  of  British  India,  30 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Ajmeer. 

Bnnaisor,  a  town  of  India.     See  Bhobaneser. 

Bunarbashi,  Asia  Minor.    See  Boonabbasheb. 


Bu^nasar',  a  small  river  of  Morocco,  which  dischargM 
its  waters  into  a  lake  20  miles  N.W.  of  Moquinez. 

Bunawe,  bfin-aw',  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Argylo, 
17  milosN.N.W.  of  Inverary.  It  has  a  quay  on  Loch  Etivo, 
a  salmon-fishery,  and  iron-works. 

Bunce'ton,  a  post- village  of  Cooper  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Boonville  Branch  of  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  15  niiloi 
S.  of  Boonville.     It  has  a  church  and  the  Parish  Institute. 

Bunch,  a  post-office  of  Davis  co.,  Iowa,  ut  Paris  Rail- 
road Station. 

Bunch's  Switch,  astatioD  on  the  Louisville  A  Paducah 
Railroad,  76  miles  S.W.  of  Louisville,  Ky. 

Bunck'lcy,a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.  Miss.,  on  the 
Ilomochitto  River,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Mcadville. 

Buncombe,  bQng'kpm,  a  county  in  the  W.  ])art  of 
North  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  650  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  French  Broad  River,  and  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Blue  Ridge.  The  surface  is  diversified  with 
mountains  and  valleys,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests. 
The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile  and  adapted  to  pasturage, 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products. 
Capital,  Asbeville,  situated  at  the  junction  of  several 
branches  of  the  Richmond  A  Danville  Railroad,  which 
traverse  this  county  N.,  S.,  E.,  and  W.  Pop.  in  1870, 
15.412;  in  1880,  21,909;  in  1890,  35,266. 

Buncombe,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  111. 

Buncombe,  a  post-office  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa,  10 
miles  S.  of  Duliuque. 

Buncombe,  a  township  of  Sioux  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  201. 

Buncombe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lafayette  co..  Wis.,  is  at 
or  near  Gillett's  Station  of  the  Galena  A  Southern  Wiscon- 
sin Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Galena. 

Buncombe  Ridge,  a  hamlet  of  Lawrence  co..  Ark., 
8  miles  from  Walnut  Ridge  Railroad  Station. 

Buncra'na,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Donegal,  on 
Lough  Swilly,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Londonderry.    Pop.  117. 

Bund,  Switzerland.     See  Gri-sons. 

Bundala,  botm-d&'li,  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Amritsir 
district.     Pop,  5287. 

Bijnde,  biin'd^h,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Hanover,  5 
miles  N.  of  Weener.     Pop.  1767. 

Biinde,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Prussian  AVestphalia, 
7  miles  N.N.W.  of  llorford.     Pop.  2052. 

Bundelcund,  Bundlecund,  or  Bandclkand, 
bun'd§l-kund',  also  written  Bundelkhand,  boon'del- 
kund',  a  territory  of  the  North-Western  Provinces,  In<lia, 
partly  belonging  to  the  British,  and  partly  to  native  chiefs 
tributary  to  the  British,  mostly  between  lat.  24°  nnd 
26°  26'  N.  and  Ion.  78°  and  81°  33'  E.,  having  AV.  the 
Gwalior  dominions,  and  on  other  sides  various  petty  ter- 
ritories and  districts.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Vindhyan 
Mountains.  The  principal  rivers  are  the  Dussaun,  Betwah, 
and  Cane,  tributaries  of  the  Jumna,  which  bounds  it  on  : 
the  N.  The  chief  towns  are  Jhansi,  Bandah,  and  Chatter- 
poor.     In  it  are  the  diamond-mines  of  Panna. 

Bundemeer,  or  Bundemir,  bun-d^-meer'  (ano. 
Arax'es),  a  river  of  Persia,  province  of  Fars,  enters  Lake 
Bakhtegan  about  55  miles  E.  of  Sheeraz,  after  a  S.E.  course 
of  150  miles.     It  is  rapid,  and  often  inundates  its  banks. 

Bunder,  biin'd^r,  or  Bander  (•'  a  port  or  anchorage"), 
is  the  name  of  many  small  bays  on  the  coasts  of  Arabia  and 
elsewhere  in  Southwestern  Asia. 

Bunder- Abbassee,  Persia.    See  Gombroon. 

Bunder  Boshavir,  a  city  of  Persia.     See  Bushike. 

Bun'der  (or  Ban'der)  Sheikh  (sh^'ik),  a  small  port 
of  Southern  Arabia,  about  12  miles  W.  of  Aden. 

Bunder  (or  Bander)  Vik^kur',  a  seaport  and  village 
of  Sinde,  in  the  delta  of  the  Indus,  55  miles  S.E.  of  Kur- 
rachee.     Pop.  about  1200. 

Bundi,  a  state  and  city  of  Hindostan.    See  Boonder. 

Bun'doran,  a  village  and  watering-place  on  the  N.W. 
coast  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Donegal,  on  Donegal  Bay,  and  on  a 
railway,  4i  miles  S.W.  of  Ballyshannon.    Resident  pop.  744. 

Bundroes,  biindVoz',  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Don- 
egal, about  1  mile  W.S.W.  of  Bundoran. 

Bundwara,  a  town  of  India.     See  Bhundara. 

Bundysburg,  bun'diz-burg,  a  post-office  and  station  in 
Geauga  co.,  0.,  on  the  Painesville  A  Yoangstown  Railroad, 
31  miles  N.W.  of  Youngstown. 

Bundy's  Crossing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y , 
on  the  Oswego  River,  and  on  the  Midland  Railroad,  7  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Oswego.     It  has  a  church. 

Bun'gay,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  of  Suffolk,  on 
the  Waveney,  and  on  a  railway,  30  J  miles  N. N.E.  of  Ipswich. 
It  has  a  market-place,  theatre,  assembly-rooms,  bath-house, 
branch  banks,  some  manufactures  of  hemp,  and  a  trade,  by 
the  Waveney,  in  corn,  malt,  coal,  lime,  Ac.     Pop.  3832. 


BUN 


739 


BUR 


Buiig'er's  Mill,  a  hamlet  of  Greenbrier  co.,  W.  Va.,  8 
miles  from  llonoeverte.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 
JBunkara  River,  Colorado.     See  Grand  River. 

I  Bunk'er  Hill,  a  post-town  of  Macoupin  co.,  111.,  on 
khe  Indianapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  37  miles  N.N.E.  of 
fet.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  16  miles  N.E.  of  Alton.  It  has  a  bank, 
8  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  an  academy,  a  public  school, 
and  manufactures  of  flour,  steel  nails,  and  cider,  with  coal- 
mines and  fruit-drying  establishments.     Pop.  12(59. 

Blinker  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Pipe  Creek  township,  on  Pipe  Creek,  and  on  the  Indian- 
lapolis,  Peru  &  Chicago  Railroad,  where  it  crosses  the  Pitts- 
Iburg,  Cincinnati  &  St  Louis  Railroad,  67  miles  N.  of 
(Indianapolis.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
manufactures  of  furniture  and  lumber.     Pop.  about  800. 

Bunker  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Russell  co.,  Kansas,  10 
.miles  by  rail  E,  of  Russell.  It  has  a  bank  and  3  churches. 
jPop.  157. 

I  Bunker  Hill,  a  celebrated  height  in  Charlestown, 
Mass.  (now  a  part  of  Boston),  famous,  in  connection  with 
Breed's  Hill,  as  the  place  where  a  battle  was  fought  between 
the  British  and  American  forces,  June  17, 1775.  A  granite 
ghaft  220  feet  high,  erected  on  Breed's  Hill  to  commemorate 
this  battle,  is  known  as  Bunker  Hill  Monument. 

Bunker  Hill,  a  post-township  of  Ingham  co.,  Mich., 
about  22  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lansing.  It  contains  a  hamlet 
named  Fitchburg,  and  3  churches.     Pop.  925. 

Bunker  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Smith  co.,  Miss. 

Bunker  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  Mo.,  15  miles 
AV.  by  N.  from  Canton.     It  has  a  church. 

Bunker  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co..  Neb. 

Bunker  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  0.,  9  miles 
W.  from  Hamilton. 

Bunker  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lebanon  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Swatara  River,  and  on  the  Lebanon  <fc  Tremont  Branch 
Railroad,  6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lebanon.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bunker  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Giles  co.,  Tenn.,  12 
miles  E.  from  Pulaski.     It  has  a  church. 

Bunker  Hill,  a  village  of  White  co.,  Tenn.,  about  20 
miles  N.E.  of  McMinnville.     Is  has  large  potteries. 

Bunker  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  co,,  Va.,  5 
mile.'i  S.  from  Liberty.     It  has  2  churches. 

Bunker  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Berkeley  co.,  W.  Va., 

II  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Martinsburg.  It  has  4  churches. 
Bunker's  Island,  in  the  Pacific.  See  Jarvis  Island. 
Bunma'hon,  or  Bonma'hon,  a  maritime  village  of 

Ireland,  in  Munster,  co.  and  14  miles  S.W.  of  Waterford. 
Pop.  602.     Near  it  are  the  mines  of  Knockmahon. 

Bun'ner's,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  W.  Va. 

Bunnoo,  or  Banu,  biin'noo',  a  district  of  British 
India,  in  the  Punjab,  lat.  33°  15'-32°  11'  N.,  Ion.  72° 
l'-70°  27'  E.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Indus.  Area,  3148 
Bquare  miles.  It  is  fertile  in  grain,  cotton,  and  sugar-cane. 
Pop.  287,547. 

Bunnoo,  Banu,  or  Ed^wardesabad',  a  town  of 
India,  in  the  above.  95  miles  S.S.E.  of  Peshawer.    Pop.  3185. 

Bunn's  Bluff,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  Tex.,  is  on 
the  Neches  River,  about  15  mijes  N.  of  Beaumont. 

Bunn's  Level,  a  post-hasoilet  of  Harnett  co.,  N.C.,  15 
miles  N.E.  from  Manchester  Slatton. 

Buiiol,  boon-yol',  a  town  of  Sj.iain,  24  miles  W.  by  S.  of 
Valencia.  It  has  manufactures  of  paper.  Pop.  5000.  Near 
It  are  some  remarkable  stalaetitic  caves. 

Buiiola,  boon-yo'li,  a  tovjji  of  the  island  of  Majorca,  9 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Palma.     Pop.  2500. 

Bun'tin^ford,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  of 
Herts,  on  a  railway,  llj  miles  N.N.E.  of  Hertford. 

Buntwalla,  bunt-w5rii,  a  town  of  British  India,  pres- 
idency of  Madras,  16  miles  E.  of  Mangalore. 

Bun'tyn,  a  hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Memphis 
<fc  Charleston  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Memphis.  In  the 
vicinity  are  residences  of  persons  doing  business  in  Memphis. 

Buntzlau,  boontz'low,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  24 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Liegnitz,  on  the  Bober.  It  has  a  large 
orphan  asylum,  a  normal  school,  and  manufactures  of 
earthenware  and  hosiery.     Pop.  9960. 

Buntzlau,  towns  of  Bohemia.  See  Alt-Buntzlau  and 
Ji'.s'g-Buntzlau, 

Bun'wool,  or  Bon'go,  one  of  the  Philippine  Islands, 
in  the  great  southern  inlet  of  Mindanao.  Lat.  7°  14'  N. ; 
Ion.  124°  10'  E. 

Buochs,  boo-ox'  or  bwoks,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  in 
Unterwalden,  on  the  S.  of  the  Lake  of  Lucerne.    Pop.  1 524. 

Buonabitaico,  boo-6n"i-bo-t4rko,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Salerno,  9  miles  S.  of  Sala.     Pop.  2906. 

Buonalbergo,  boo-6n'll-bdii'go,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
'nce  of  Benevento,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Ariano.     Pop.  3441. 


Buonconvento,  boo-An'kon-v8n'to,  a  village  of  Italy 
province  and  15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Siena,  on  the  Ombrone 
Pop.  3408. 

Burabola,  a  mountain  of  Ireland.    See  Binabola. 

Burada,  a  river  of  Syria.     See  Barrada. 

Burano,  boo-r3,'no,  an  island  and  town  of  Northern 
Italy,  in  the  Adriatic,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Venice.     Pop.  4699. 

Buras,  a  post-office  of  Plaquemines  parish,  La.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  70  miles  below  New  Orleans. 

Burazjoon,  or  Burasjun,  booVS,s-joon',  a  town  of 
Persia,  in  Ears,  22  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bushire. 

Bur'bage's  Mill,  a  station  on  the  Brunswick  <fe  Albany 
Railroad,  44  miles  W.  of  Brunswick,  Ga. 

Bur'baiik,  a  poat-township  of  Kandiyohi  co.,  Minn.,  20 
miles  N.  of  Willmar.     Pop.  371. 

Burbank,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  0.,  in  Canaan 
township,  30  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Akron.  It  has  3 
churches  and  an  academy.     Pop.  258. 

Burbank,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co ,  S.D.,  on  the  Mis- 
souri River,  6  miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Vermilion.  It 
has  a  church,  a  broom-factory,  and  a  grain-elevator.  Pop. 
150. 

Burch'ard,  a  post-village  of  Pawnee  co..  Neb.,  12 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Pawnee  City.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  300. 

Burch's  Mill,  a  hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  in  Algoma 
township,  19  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Grand  Rapids.     Pop.  150. 

Bur'den,  a  city  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas,  17  miles  by  rail 
E.N.E.  of  Winfield.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks,  and  1 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  508. 

Bur'dett',  a  post-village  of  Pawnee  co.,  Kansas,  24 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Larned.  It  has  4  church  organizations 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  250. 

Burdett,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bates  co.,  Mo.,  14  miles 
from  Freeman  Railroad  Station. 

BurMette',  or  BurMett',  a  post- village  of  Schuyler 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Hector  township,  on  the  eastern  shore  of  Sen- 
eca Lake,  22  miles  N.  of  Elmira,  and  3  or  4  miles  N.E.  of 
Watkins  Glen.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  about  450. 

Burdette,  a  post-village  of  Hand  co.,  S.D.,  13  miles 
(direct)  N.E.  of  Miller.     It  has  a  church. 

Bur'dick,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Porter  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Lake  Shore  <t  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  45  miles 
from  Chicago. 

Bur'dickville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Leelanaw  co.,  Mich., 
on  Glen  Lake,  near  Lake  Michigan,  22  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Traverse  City.     Firewood  is  ship])ed  here  in  steambonts. 

Burdickville,  a  hamlet  of  Hopkinton  township,  Wash- 
ington CO.,  R.I.     Pop.  55. 

Bur'dichouse,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  3i  raile» 
S.  of  Edinburgh.  Here  many  fossil  fishes  and  plants  of  the 
coal  formation  are  found  in  the  limestone. 

Burdigala,  the  ancient  name  of  Bordeaux. 

Burdur,or  Bourdour,  boorMoor',  written  also  Boul- 
dour,  a  large  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  in  Anatolia,  68 
miles  N.  of  Adalia. 

Burdwan,  or  Baruwan,  burdSvfin',  a  town  of  India, 
capital  of  the  district,  74  miles  by  railway  N.W.  of  Cal- 
cutta. It  has  the  palace  and  gardens  of  the  Maharajah  of 
Burdwan,  and  a  group  of  108  temples;  also  a  dispensary,  a 
newspaper,  and  several  schools.  Pop.,  with  immediate 
suburbs,  32,321. 

Burdwan,  or  Bardwan  (anc.  Vardamnn,  "pro- 
ductive"), a  district  of  Bengal,  enclosed  by  the  Santal 
Pergunnahs,  Beerbhoom,  Moorshedabad,  Nuddea,  Hoogly, 
Midnapoor,  Bancoorah,  and  Manbhoom.  Area,  3523  square 
miles.     Capital,  Burdwan.     Pop.  2,034,745. 

The  division  of  Burdwan  includes  the  above,  also  Midna- 
poor, Hoogly,  Beerbhoom,  and  Bancoorah  districts.  Area, 
12,719  square  miles.     Capital,  Hoogly.     Pop.  7,286,957. 

Bure,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Norfolk,  flows  S.E., 
and  joins  the  Yare  at  Yarmouth.     Length,  40  miles. 

Bureau,  bn'ro,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Illinois, 
has  an  area  of  about  850  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.E.  by  the  Illinois  River,  intersected  by  Green  River, 
and  also  drained  by  Spoon  River  and  Bureau  Creek.  The 
surface  is  nearly  level,  or  undulating ;  the  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  cattle,  hay,  pork,  and  butter  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad  and  the  Chicago, 
Rock  Island  <fc  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Princeton.  The 
scarcity  of  timber  is  compensated  by  beds  of  bituminous 
coal  which  have  been  opened  in  this  county.  Pop.  in  1870, 
32,415;  in  1880,  32,172;  in  1890,  35,014. 

Bureau,  a  post-village  of  Bureau  co.,  111.,  about  5 
miles  N.  of  Hennepin.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  363. 

Bureau   Creek,  Illinois,  rises  in  Lee  co.,  and  runs 


BUR 


740 


BUR 


•onthwestward  to  the  middle  of  Bureau  oo.  It  next  turns 
Mutward,  and  enters  the  Illinois  Kiver  at  Hennepin.  It  is 
about  65  miles  long. 

Bureau  Sidinf  ■,  a  post-village  of  Lee  oo.,  III.,  in  the 
extreme  S.E.  corner  of  the  county,  22  miles  by  rail  S.B.  of 
Dixon.     It  ban  ^evoriil  vtorcs  nnd  general  business  bouses. 

Bu«R(>greb,  a  river  of  Morocco.     See  lioo-REOREB. 

Bu'rcm'8  iStore^  n  post-villngo  of  Hawkins  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Ilolston  River,  6  miles  from  Ko;;eriivill«.  It  bus  3 
eburohes,  2  stores,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  lumber,  chairs, 
Ao.     The  river  here  aflfords  abundant  water-power. 

Bttr'en,  bU'rfn,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  We»tphalia,  10 
milej<  E.  of  Soest,  on  the  Alme.     Pop.  2133. 

BUren,  a  town  of  Switiorland,  canton  and  14  miles 
N.W.  of  Bern,  on  the  Anr.     Pop.  1153. 

Buren,  bii'r^n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  province 
of  Oeldcrlnnd,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Thicl.     Pop.  1911. 

Bu'ren,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Notley 
River,  about  6  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Blairsville. 

Uureiido  Paiss,  Ilimnlaya  Mountains.    SeeBROoANO. 

Burcngf  btlr-ing',  Bereng,  b^r-ing',  or  Brciig, 
bring,  a  valley  of  Cashmere,  extending  from  S.E.  to  N.W., 
between  lat.  33°  20'  and  33°  30'  N.  and  Ion  75°  10'  and 
75°  26'  E.,  oonttvining  numerous  subterraneoiiii  water-chan- 
nels, and  aboumling  in  springs  of  great  force  and  volume. 

BurTord,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  and  17  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Oxford.  It  bos  a  fine  church,  a  free  school,  a 
bunk,  and  manufactures  of  rugs,  saddlery,  &c.  It  gives  the 
title  of  carl  to  the  Duke  of  St.  Albans.     Pop.  1403. 

BurTord,  or  Clear'mont,  a  post-village  in  Brant 
CO.,  Ontario,  9  miles  from  Bnintford.  It  contains  3  churches, 
5  stores,  and  several  mills.     Pop.  600. 

Bur'ford's,  a  station  in  Amherst  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Vir- 
ginia Midland  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Lynchburg.  Here 
is  Harris  Creek  Post-Office. 

Bur'fordville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cape  Girardeau  co.. 
Mo.,  8  miles  from  Laflin  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  flour- 
ing-mill. 

Burg,  boSng,  or  Le  Bourg,  l^h-boon,  a  village  of 
Switzerland,  canton  of  Bern,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Basel. 

Burg,  booRG,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  13  miles  by 
rail  N.E.  of  Magdeburg,  on  the  Ihle.  It  has  numerous 
woollen-factories,  a  machine-factory,  foundry,  dj'e-works, 
»nd  manufactures  of  glue  and  snuff,  with  3  Protestant 
churches,  a  grammar-school,  and  a  hospital.     Pop.  15,184. 

Bnrg,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  on  the  Wipi)er,  16 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Cologne.     Pop.  1599. 

Burg,  a  maritime  town  of  Prussia,  in  Sleswick-IIolstein, 
on  the  island  of  Femern.  Pop.  2443.  Burg  is  also  the 
name  of  several  vill.ages  in  Denmark,  Austria,  Switzerland, 
and  the  Netherlands. 

Burgas,  a  town  of  Eastern  Roumelia.    See  Booughas. 

Burgau,  booR'gOw,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  23  miles  by  rail 
W.N.W.  of  Augsburg.     Pop.  2071. 

Burgau,  a  village  of  Styria,  on  the  Hungarian  fron- 
tier, 29  miles  E.  of  Gratz.     Pop.  1174. 

Bur'gaw,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pender  co.,  N.C., 
on  the  Wilmington  &  Weldon  Railroad,  22  miles  N.  of 
Wilmington.     It  has  2  or  3  churches  and  an  academy. 

Burgberg,  the  German  for  Ditro-Vakhegy. 

Burgbernheim,  booRG'bSRn^hime,  a  town  of  Bavaria, 
16  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Anspach.  It  has  a  good  trade  in 
cattle,  and  several  tanneries.     Pop.  1770. 

Burg,  De,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.     See  De  Burg. 

Burgdorf,  bSSRc'douf  (Fr.  Berthoud,  bSn-too'),  a  town 
of  Switzerland,  canton  and  11  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Bern,  on 
the  Emmen.  Pop.  5078.  It  has  a  castle,  formerly  a  place 
of  strength,  a  library,  hospital,  and  manufactures  of  ribbons 
and  silk.     Near  it  are  the  baths  of  Sommerhaus. 

Burgdorf,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  on  the  Aa, 
13  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Celle.     Pop.  3025. 

Burgeo,  bur'ghe-o,  a  port  of  entry  of  Newfoundland,  on 
one  of  the  Burgeo  Islands ;  capital  of  the  district  of  Burgeo 
and  La  Poile.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  a  valuable  fishery, 
and  is  much  resorted  to  by  vessels  for  supplies.     Pop.  650. 

Bnrgeo  Islands,  a  group  of  islands  in  British  North 
America,  off  the  S.  coast  of  Newfoundland.  Lat.  (S.W. 
point)  47°  33'  N. ;  Ion.  57°  44'  W. 

Bnr'gess,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa,  about  40 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Dubuque.     It  has  a  church. 

Burgess,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Charlevoix  co.,  Mich. 

Burgess,  a  post-office  of  Dinwiddle  co.,  Va.,  7  miles  S. 
of  Petersburg. 

Burgess'  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northumberland 
80.,  Va.,  near  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  15  miles  S.  of  Point  Look- 
out.    It  has  a  church. 

Bur'gessville,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  co.,  Ontario, 


11  miles  S.S.E.  from  Woodstock.    It  contains  a  woollii. 
factory  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  200. 

Burg'ettstown,  a  post-borough  of  Washington  co. 
Pa.,  on  the  Pitifburg,  Cincinnati  A  St.  Louis  Hiiilroad,  27 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2  cburchi-y,  a  union 
school,  an  academy,  a  printing-office,  and  manufactures  of 
coaches,  flour,  oil-tanks,  and  furniture.  Coal  is  mined 
here.     Pop.  (1890)  929. 

Burghas,  a  town  of  Eastern  Roumelia.   See  BoononAi. 

Burghaun,  bSdno'hSwn,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Ilesae- 
Nassau,  11  miles  N.  of  Fulda,  on  the  Haun.     Pop.  1149. 

Burghausen,  bCSRa-h5w'zQn,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Bavaria,  on  the  Salzach,  58  miles  E.  of  Munich.  It  has 
breweries,  manufactures  of  cloth,  and  trade  in  leather  and 
salt.     Pop.  3131. 

Burgn'-Hcad,a  maritime  village  of  Scotland,  oo.  and 
10  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Elgin.     Poj).  1308. 

Burgh  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  in  Ver 
Don  township,  on  tne  Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad, 
43  miles  S.W.  of  Meadville,  Pa.,  and  about  18  miles  N.  of 
Voungstown.  It  has  2  churches,  a  drug-store,  and  a  flour* 
mill.     Pop.  about  500. 

Burgh-in-the«]Uar8h,  a  town  and  parish  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  Lincoln,  18  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Boston.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  branch  bank.     Pop.  of  parish,  12;!(i. 

Burgh-  (bruf)  on-the-Sands,  a  parish  of  England, 
CO.  of  Cumberland,  6  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Carlisle.  A 
pillar  here  marks  the  place  where  King  Edward  I.  died, 
A.D.  1307.  (Several  of  the  Burghs  of  England  are  pro- 
nounced bruf  in  popular  parlance.) 

Burghoru,  buuG'hoHn,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  North  Holland,  near  Alkmaar.     Pop.  1885. 

Burgi,  the  Latin  for  Burgos. 

Burg'in,  a  post-village  of  Mercer  co.,  Ky.,  5  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Ilarrodsburgh,  the  capital  of  the  county.  It  has 
2  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  newspaper  offii-e.     Pop.  303. 

Burgio,  boou'jo,  a  town  of  Sicily,  district  of  Bivona,  28 
miles  N.W.  of  Girgenti.     Pop.  5063. 

Burgk,  boSRk,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Saxony,  5 
miles  S.W.  of  Dresden.     Pop.  1199. 

Burgk,  a  hamlet  of  Reuss-Greiz,  4  miles  N.  of  Saalburg, 
on  the  Saale,  with  a  castle  of  the  princes  of  lleuss.  Near 
it  are  the  important  iron-mines  of  Burgkhammer.     P.  196. 

Burgkunstadt,  boORO-kSSn'stitt,  a  town  of  Bavaria, 
on  the  Main,  and  on  a  railway,  with  a  castle  and  beer- 
breweries,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Bamberg.     Pop.  1248. 

Biirglen,  biiRo'l^n,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Uri,  li  miles  E.  of  Altorf,  and  deserving  notice  as  the  re- 
puted birthplace  of  William  Tell.  Near  it  is  the  chapel  of 
Notre  Dame  of  Loretto,  a  celebrated  place  of  pilgrimage. 

Biirglen,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Thurgau, 

12  miles  E.  of  Frauenfeld,  with  an  ancient  castle.    Pop. 
1160. 

Burglengenfeld,  bSSno'leng-^n-fSlt^  a  town  of  Ba- 
varia, 15  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ratisbon.     Pop.  2829. 

Burgo,  booR'go,  a  town  of  Spain,  .36  miles  W.  of  Malaga, 
on  the  Ardales.  Pop.  3018.  In  its  environs  are  ruins  of  a 
Roman  amphitheatre. 

Burgo  de  Osma,  boou'go  d-k  os'mil,  a  town  of  Spain, 
28  miles  W.  of  Soria,  and  1  mile  N.  of  O.sma.     Pop.  2607. 

Burgolium,  the  ancient  name  for  Bourgueii,. 

Bur'goon',  a  post-village  of  Sandusky  co.,  0.,  in  Jack- 
son township,  on  the  Lake  Erie  &  Louisville  Railroad,  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Fremont;  also  on  the  Toledo,  Tiffin  &  East- 
ern Railroad,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Tiffin.  It  has  a  church,  an 
elevator,  a  fine  hotel,  Ac. 

Burgos,  boon'goce,  a  province  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile, 
between  lat.  41°  32'  and  43°  19'  N.  Area,  7082  square 
miles.  The  surface  is  very  elevated,  and  is  traversed  by  a 
series  of  mountain-ranges.     Pop.  357,846. 

Burgos,  booR'goce  (L.  Bur'gi),  a  city  of  Spain,  capital 
of  the  above  province  and  of  Old  Castile,  on  the  Arlanzon, 
and  on  the  railway  from  Valladolid  to  Bayonne,  130  miles 
N.  of  Madrid.  Lat.  42°  20'  28"  N.;  Ion.  3°  44'  35"  W. 
The  town  is  clean  and  handsome,  but  damp  and  cold,  with 
many  characteristics  of  an  old  Castilian  city ;  it  is  built  in 
an  irregular  semicircle,  portions  of  its  old  walls  remaining 
on  the  side  of  the  river,  which  is  here  crossed  by  three  fine 
stone  bridges.  All  the  streets  have  good  side  pavements. 
Places  of  promenade  are  numerous,  but  the  one  most  fre- 
quented is  the  Espolon,  which  is  laid  out  in  spacious  walks, 
Burgos,  up  to  the  commencement  of  the  sixteenth  century, 
shared  with  Toledo  the  honor  of  being  the  royal  residence; 
and  its  public  buildings  attest  its  former  greatness.  The 
most  remarkable  structure  is  the  cathedral,  one  of  the  finest 
buildings  of  the  kind  in  Europe.  It  was  commenced  in 
1221,  on  the  site  of  a  royal  palace  which  Ferdinand  III. 


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741 


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gave  up  for  that  purpose,  but  waa  not  finished  for  several 
centuries.      Burgos   has  numerous   other   churches  and  a 
Franciscan  convent  worthy  of  notice,  a  nunnery  with  pecu- 
liar privileges,  a  castle,  now  in  ruins,  various  hospitals  and 
3haritablo  institutions,  a  bronze  statue  of  Charles  III.  in  a 
square  surrounded  by  arcades,  besides  a  triumphal  arch  in 
memory  of  Ferdinand  Gonzales^  and  a  monument  to  "  the 
j  Cid."     Burgos  is  an  archbishop's  see,  and  the  seat  of  a  col- 
j  lege,  a  school  of  surgery,  and  some  manufactures  of  leather, 
woollens,  and  hats.     Its  trade  in  manufactured  goods  and 
its  fairs,  Ac,  have,  however,  greatly  declined.     Before  the 
removal  of  the  court  to  Madrid,  Burgos  contained  thrico 
1  Its  ])resent  population.     The  Peninsular  War,  during  which 
j  the  possession  of  it  was  repeatedly  and  keenly  contested, 
I  added  greatly  to  its  disasters,  but  of  late  years  it  has  in- 
!  creased  somewhat  in  population.     Pop.  24,246, 

Bur'goyne',  or  Stark's  Corners,  a  post-village  in 
Bruce  CO.,  Ontario,  23  miles  from  Walkerton.     Pop.  180. 

Burgstadt,  booRo'stltt,  a  town  of  Saxony,  .35  miles 
by  rail  S.B.  of  Leipsic.  It  has  manufactures  of  stockings 
and  linens;  and  woollen- and  cotton-printing.     Pop.  4628. 

Biirgstein,  biiRG'stine,  or  Birkstein,  beeak'stine,  a 
village  of  Bohemia,  about  25  miles  N.E.  of  Leitmeritz.  It 
is  the  depot  for  the  sale  of  glasswares. 

Biirgsteinfurt,  a  town  of  AVestphalia.   See  Steinfurt. 

Burgthal,  a  village  of  Switzerland.    See  Btina. 

Burguete,  booR-gA,'t4,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre,  15 
miles  N.E.  of  Pamplona,  in  the  valley  of  Roncesvalles. 
Here  Charlemagne  was  defeated  in  778.    See  Roncesvallbs. 

Bur'gundy  (Fr.  /ioitrffot/nejhoon^gon' ;  L.  Bur<fnu'dia; 
Ger.  Bnrijnnd,  booR-goont' ;  Sp.  liortjoHn,  boR-gon'j-i  ;  It. 
Borffof/)!!!,  boR-g6n'y^),  one  of  the  largest  and  most  im- 
portant of  the  former  provinces  of  France,  now  forming  the 
departments  of  Cote-d'Or,  Sa6ne-ct-Loire,  Yonne,  part  of 
Ain,  and  part  of  Aube.  In  more  ancient  times  Burgundy 
was  the  name  of  a  kingdom,  which  included  much  more 
than  the  above  province,  occupying  the  whole  basin  of  the 
Rhone.  Its  most  ancient  inhabitants  were  the  yE'dui,  fully 
described  by  Ca3sar ;  but  its  name  of  Burgundy  is  derived 
from  one  of  the  northern  nations,  called,  in  Latin,  Burgundi 
or  Burgundioncs,  who  established  themselves  there  in  the 
beginning  of  the  fifth  century.  After  tlie  subversion  of 
their  kingdom,  the  province  was  erected  into  a  dukedom, 
and  long  made  an  important  figure  in  history  under  the 
dukes  of  Burgundy.  The  male  line  having  become  extinct 
in  1477,  on  the  death  of  Charles  the  Bold  at  the  siege  of 
Nancy,  his  son  in-law,  Louis  XI.,  succeeded  to  the  duke- 
dom, which  has  since  formed  part  of  France. Adj.  and 

inhab.  Burgiin'diajj. 

Burgwaldniei,  a  village  of  Prussia.    See  Wai.dniel. 

Burhampooter  River.     See  Brahmapootra. 

Burhampore,  a  town  of  India.     See  Boouhanpoor. 

Biirheya,  or  Barhiya,  bQr-hee'yi,  a  town  of  Bengal, 
in  Monghir,  near  the  Ganges,  and  about  60  miles  by  rail 
W.  of  Monghir.     Pop.  10,405. 

Burias,  boo're-3,s,  one  of  the  Philippine  Islands,  20 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Luzon.     Lat.  13°  N. ;  Ion.  123°  B. 

Burin,  bUV^N"',  a  post-town  and  port  of  entry,  on  the 
west  side  of  Placentia  Bay,  Newfoundland,  162  miles  \V.  of 
St.  John's.  It  has  a  fine  harbor,  with  two  entrances.  The 
inhabitants  are  chiefly  engaged  in  the  fisheries.     Pop.  1850. 

Burk,  a  post-office  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa. 

Burka,  a  town  of  Arabia.     See  Burkha. 

Burke,  burk,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Georgia,  has 
nn  area  of  about  1250  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.E.  by  the  Savannah  River,  and  on  the  S.by  the  Ogeechee 
lliver.  The  surface  is  nearly  level;  the  soil  is  mostly  fer- 
tile. A  large  portion  of  the  county  is  covered  with  forest? 
Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia. 
Limestone  is  found  here.  Capital,  Waynesborough.  Pop. 
in  1870,  17,679;  in  1880,  27,128;  in  1890,  28,501. 

Burke,  a  county  in  the  VV.  part  of  North  Carolina,  has 
an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Catawba  River  and  by  the  Western  North  Carolina  Rail- 
road. The  surface  is  hilly,  and  the  Blue  Ridge  extends 
along  the  N.W.  border.  A  large  portion  of  this  county  is 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  produces  good  pasture,  In- 
dian corn,  oats,  <fcc.  Capital,  Morganton.  Pop.  in  1870, 
9777;  in  1880,  12,809;  in  1890,  14,939. 

Burke,  a  mining  post-town  of  Shoshone  co.,  Idaho, 
about  20  miles  W.  of  Thompson,  Mont.     Pop.  about  600. 

Burke,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Burke 
township,  on  the  railroad  between  Ogdensburg  and  Lake 
Champlain,  8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Malone.  It  has  several 
churches,  2  starch -factories,  and  a  saw-mill.  The  township 
ha*  6  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2116. 


Burke,  a  post-township  of  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  about  5C 
miles  N.E.  of  Montpelier,  is  drained  by  the  Passumpsic 
River,  and  traversed  by  the  Passumpsic  Railroad.  It  con- 
tains small  post-villages  named  Burke,  East  Burke,  and 
West  Burke.  Burke  village  has  a  church.  The  township 
has  5  other  churches,  and  a  population  of  1162. 

Burke,  a  township  of  Dane  co..  Wis,     Pop.  1121. 

Burke  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Burke  township,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Malone,  It  has  2 
churches, 

Burkersdorf,  booR'k?rs-doRr,  or  Purkersdorf,  a 
village  of  Austria,  10  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Vienna.    Pop.  1423. 

Burke's  Garden,  a  post-ofiice  of  Tazewell  co,,  Va,, 
on  Clinch  Mountain,  30  miles  N.W.  from  Wytheville. 

Burke's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  2 
miles  from  AVeyer's  Cave  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  125. 

Burke's  Station,  a  post-haralet  of  Fairfax  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  14  miles  W.  of  Alexan- 
dria.    It  has  a  church. 

Burkesville,  burks'vll,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Cum- 
berland co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Cumberland  River,  about  65  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Bowling  Green,  and  95  miles  (direct)  S.S.W.  of 
Lexington.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  Alexander  College,  and  5  churches.     Pop.  about  61)0, 

Bur'ket,  a  post-village  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.,  5  miles 
by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Claypool,  and  10  miles  (direct)  S.W. 
of  Warsaw.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  300. 

Bur'kettsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  0.,  11 
miles  from  Ansonia  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Burkeville,  burk'vil,  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  is  in  Con- 
way township,  and  is  a  part  of  the  village  of  Conway,  It 
has  a  woollen-factory, 

Burkeville,  a  post-village  of  Newton  co.,  Tex.,  about 
145  miles  N.E.  of  Houston.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  300, 

Burkeville,  a  post-village  of  Nottoway  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Richmond  <t  Danville  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Atlantic,  Mis3issi|>pi  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  62  miles  W.  of 
Petersburg,  and  53  miles  W.S.W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  military  academy,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  500, 

Burkha,  or  Burka,  biiR'ka,  written  also  Barkah 
and  Varaque,  a  maritime  town  of  Arabia,  dominions 
and  45  miles  N.W.  of  iMuscat.     Pop.  4000, 

Burkhardtsdorf,  booRk'hants-doRf*,  a  village  of  Sa.x- 
ony,  7  miles  S.  of  Chemnitz,     Pop.  2951, 

JBur'kittsville,  a  post-village  of  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  is 
at  the  east  base  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  about  12  miles  W.S.W, 
of  Frederick,  and  2  miles  from  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Rail- 
road.    It  has  3  churches  and  a  female  seminary.     Pop,  293. 

Burk's  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Parry  Sound  co.,  On- 
tario, 40  miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Parry  Sound,  and  170  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Toronto.  It  has  4  churches,  a  teachers  train- 
ing-school, and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  679. 

Burk's  Landing,  a  village  of  Coahoma  co.,  Miss.,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  25  miles  below  Helena,  Ark.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  gristmill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Burks'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co..  III.,  1  mile 
from  Burksville  Station  on  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad. 
It  has  a  church.     Pop.  130. 

Burk'ville,  a  post  office  and  ftation  of  Lowndes  co., 
x\la.,  5  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Lowndesborough. 

Burlats,  bliuMi',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Tarn, 
5  miles  E.N.E.  of  Castres.     Pop.  1794, 

Burleigh,  bur'l?,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of 
North  Dakota,  is  bounded  on  the  W,  by  the  Missouri  River. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad.  Capi- 
tal, Bismarck.     Pop.  in  1880,  3246;  in  1890,  4252. 

Burleigh,  a  po.«t-village  in  Peterborough  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  Otonabee  River,  28  miles  from  Lnkefield.     Pop,  120. 

Bnr'leson,  a  county  near  the  central  part  of  Texas, 
has  an  area  of  about  850  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  by  the  Brazos  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by 
Yegua  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  ex- 
tensively covered  with  woodlands.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cot- 
ton, Indian  corn,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  Capi- 
tal, Caldwell.     Pop.  in  1880,  9243;  in  1890,  13,001. 

Burleson,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Ala.,  on  Big 
Bear  Creek,  33  miles  S.S.W.  of  Tusoumbia.  It  has  an 
academy  and  3  churches. 

Bnr'ley's  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  4  miles 
from  Bridgeport.     It  has  a  flour-mill, 

Burlingame,  bur'ling-gaim,  a  post-village  of  Osage 
CO.,  Kansas,  is  in  Burlington  township,  and  on  the  Atchi- 
son, Topeka  A  Santa  Fe  Railroad,  27  miles  S.S.W.  of  To- 
peka,  and  34  miles  N.N,E,  of  Emporia.    It  has  4  churches. 


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742 


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Mveral  mills,  a  bank,  a  pottery,  and  2  newspaper  offici-f. 
Coal  i»  miatd  bore.    l>op.  in  18V0,  1472;  of  towiisliip,  2U42. 

Bur'lingham*  a  post-village  of  Sullivun  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Mawakatiiig  townahip,  about  12  miles  N.  of  MidJIetuwn. 
It  buji  a  church,  a  orouiuery,  a  distillery,  a  Krist-inill,  and  a 
saw-inill.     It  \*  3  uiilod  from  Thump.ion  llidge  .<^atiou. 

UurlinKlionit  a  post-hamlet  of  Meigs  oo.,  u.,  in  Bed- 
ford township,  13  miles  S.  of  Athena,  it  has  a  church,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  saw  mill. 

Burlington,  a  town  of  England.    See  Bridlington. 

Bur'lingtuu«  a  county  of  New  Jersey,  is  bounded  on 
the  S.G.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the  N.W.  by  the 
Delaware  Uiver.  Area,  about  725  square  miles.  It  is  partly 
drained  by  Little  Egg  llarL>or  Kiver  and  Uancocas  t'reok. 
The  surface  is  nciirly  level,  and  the  soil  is  fertile  in  the 
N.W.  part,  but  other  portions  have  a  light  sandy  soil,  and  are 
covered  with  extensive  forests  of  pine,  oak,  &o.  Marl  is 
abundant  here.  This  county  sends  largo  quantities  of 
vegetables  to  the  market  of  Philadelphia  by  several  rail- 
roads which  'traverse  it.  Capital,  Mount  Ilolly,  Pop.  in< 
1870,  53,639;  in  1880,  65,402;  in  1890,  68,528, 

BarlingtODf  a  post-hamlet  of  Boone  co.,  Ark.,  30  miles 
£.  of  Eureka  Springs. 

Burlington,  a  post-rillage,  capital  of  Kit  Carson  co.. 
Col.     Pop.  146. 

Burlington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hartford  co..  Conn.,  in 
Burlington  township,  about  16  miles  W.  of  Hartford.  The 
township  is  drained  by  Farmington  Kiver.  It  has  2  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  screws,  woollen  goods,  &o.  Pop.  1319. 
Burlington  Station  is  on  the  Collinsville  Branch  of  the  Now 
Haven  &  Northampton  Railroad,  33  miles  from  New  Haven. 

Burlington,  a  post-township  of  Kane  co.,  III.,  12  miles 
W.  of  Elgin.     Pop.  919. 

Burlington,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.,  in  Bur- 
lington township,  on  Wild  Cat  Creek,  about  22  miles  S.  of 
Logansport.  It  contains  2  churches,  and  flour-,  planing-, 
and  saw-mills,  <tc.     Pop.  about  500. 

Burlington,  Delawareco.,  lud.    See  New  Bcrlington. 

Burlington,formernamoof  Arlington,  Ilushco.,  Ind. 

Burlington,  a  flourishing  city  of  Iowa,  capital  of  Des 
Moines  co.,  is  situated  on  the  Mississippi  River,  207  miles 
by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  is  an  important  railroad 
centre,  no  less  than  9  railroads  passing  through  it,  the  most 
important  being  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy,  which 
here  crosses  the  river  on  a  fine  double-track  iron  bridge.  Bur- 
lington has  34  churches,  13  grammar  schools,  a  high  school, 
3  national  and  2  savings-banks,  3  daily  and  5  weekly  news- 
paper.*, and  the  largest  public  library  in  Iowa.  It  is  an 
important  manufacturing  point,  containing  a  rolling-mill, 
a  buggy-wheel-factory,  wire-  and  nail-mills,  and  manufac- 
tures of  farm  implements,  machinery,  flour,  railroad-cars, 
and  carriages.  Burlington  Institute,  founded  in  1853,  is 
situated  here.  The  blufi°s  on  which  many  of  the  residences 
are  built  command  a  good  view  of  the  river,  which  is  here 
a  broad  and  beautiful  stream,  running  southward.  The 
houses  are  mostly  built  of  brick  and  stone.  The  streets  of 
Burlington  are  lighted  by  gas  and  electricity,  and  there 
are  gome  25  miles  of  electric  street-railway.  Brick-clay 
is  found  under  the  hills  upon  which  the  city  stands,  the 
streets  being  paved  with  brick  made  therefrom.  Ac  West 
Burlington,  2i  miles  distant,  are  extensive  railway-shops. 
Pop.  in  1860,  6706  J  in  1870,  14,930  j  in  1880,  la,4dO;  in 
1890,  22,565. 

Burlington,  a  city,  capital  of  Coffey  co.,  Kansas,  is  in 
Burlington  township,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Neosho 
River,  and  on  the  Neosho  division  of  the  Missouri,  Kansas 
<fc  Texas  Railroad,  28  miles  E.S.E.  of  Emporia,  and  about 
60  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Topeka.  It  has  7  churches,  a  bank,  a 
woollen-factory,  and  a  flour-mill.  Three  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.    Pop.  (1890)  22;!9  ;  of  the  towni-nip,  680. 

Burlington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Boone  co.,  Ky., 
is  about  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cincinnati,  and  6  miles  S.  of 
the  Ohio  River.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
bank,  and  an  academy.     Pop.  277. 

Burlington,  a  post  township  and  hamlet  of  Penobscot 
CO.,  Me.,  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bangor.     Pop.  553. 

Burlington,  a  post  township  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass., 
12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  church  and  a  public 
hall.     Pop.  in  1890,  617. 

Burlington,  a  post-vill.ige  of  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  St.  Joseph  River,  in  Burlington  township,  about  55  miles 
S.W.  of  Lansing,  and  near  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad. 
It  has  3  churcho.'',  a  graded  school,  a  flouring-mill,  a  saw- 
mill, &C.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1524.  Burlington  Station 
is  on  the  Air-Line  division  of  the  above  railroad,  27  miles 
N.E.  of  Centreville. 

Burlington,  a  township  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  964. 


Burlington,  a  township  of  Becker  co.,  Minn.    P.  Ifti, 

Burlington,  a  post-hamlct  of  I'.oono  co.,  Mo.,  on  Mis." 
souri  River,  16  miles  above  Jefferson  City;  has  2  churchcn 

Burlington,  a  city  and  port  of  entry  of  Burlington  on!, 
N.J.,  is  on  the  Delaware  River,  20  miles  above  PhihuM 
phia,  and  II  miles  S..S.W.  of  Trenton.  It  is  on  the  Amb' v 
division  of  the  Pennsylvania  lUilroad,  and  is  7  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Mount  Holly,  wit^  which  it  is  connected  by  a  short  rail 
road.  The  river,  which  is  here  nearly  one  mile  wide,  goiui 
rates  it  from  the  borough  of  Bristol.  The  streets  are  wirle 
straight,  level,  well  shaded  with  trees,  and  lighted  with  gtj. 
Burlington  contains  11  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  scnij! 
nary  for  girls,  called  St.  Mary's  Hall,  anil  Burlington  ('«.! 
lege  (Episcopalian),  founded  in  1816.  Two  weekly  new- 
papers  are  published  here.  This  place  was  first  settled  in 
1667,  and  was  then  named  New  Beverly.  It  has  several 
manufactories  of  shoes.    Pop.  in  1880,6090;  in  1890,7264. 

Burlington,  a  post-village  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y..  in  Bur- 
lington township,  11  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Cooperstown.  It 
has  2  churches.  The  township  has  7  churches  and  a  cheese- 
factory.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1530. 

Burlington,  a  post-town  of  Alamance  co.,  N.C.,  21 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Greensborough.  It  has  8  churches, 
ninnufaetures  of  cotton  goods,  and  a  newspoper.    Pop.  2000. 

Burlington,  a  post-village  of  Ward  co.,  N.D.,  8  miles 
N.W.  of  Minot.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  coal-mines, 
&o.     Pop.  about  100. 

Burlington,  Clinton  co.,  0.     See  New  BunLiNoio!!. 

Burlington,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.,  in  Fay- 
ette township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  16  miles  above 
Ironton.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  200. 

Burlington,  a  post-borough  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  In 
Burlington  township,  on  Sugar  Creek,  10  miles  W.  of  To- 
wanda,  and  about  44  miles  N.N.E.  of  Williarasport.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  grist-mill.  Pop.  203 ;  of  the  township, 
which  contains  a  village  named  Luther's  Mills,  1375. 

Burlington,  a  village  of  Montague  co.,  Te.x.,  near  ths 
Red  River,  and  80  miles  W.  of  Denison.     It  has  a  church. 

Burlington,  the  most  populous  city  of  Vermont,  nnd 
the  capital  of  Chittenden  co.,  is  finely  situated  on  the  cngtern 
shore  of  Lake  Ciiamplain,  about  1  mile  W.  of  the  Winooski 
River,  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Montpelier,  and  80  miles  by 
water  N.  of  Whitehall.  Lat.  44°  29'  N. ;  Ion.  73°  16'  W. 
It  is  a  port  of  entry,  and  is  on  the  Vermont  Central  Rail- 
road, which  connects  it  with  Rutland,  Montpelier,  and  Og- 
densburg,  N.Y.  It  is  surrounded  with  beautiful  .soencry, 
and  is  partly  built  on  an  eminence  which  is  nearly  300  feet 
higher  than  the  lake  and  commands  magnificent  views  of 
the  Adirondack  Mountains  and  the  intervening  wide  ex- 
panse of  water.  The  part  of  the  city  next  to  the  lake  is 
but  little  elevated  above  its  surftice.  Near  the  middle  of 
the  city  is  a  public  square,  around  which  are  located  the 
handsome  court-house,  post-oflSce,  and  principal  hotels.  It 
has  a  good  harbor,  which  is  protected  by  a  breakwater  con- 
structed by  the  government  of  the  United  States.  Here  is 
a  light-house,  on  Juniper  Island.  Burlington  contains  3 
national  banks,  10  churches,  the  Vermont  Epi.scopal  Insti- 
tute, a  custom-house,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  1  daily 
and  4  weekly  newspapers.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  State  Agri- 
cultural College,  founded  in  1865,  and  of  the  University  of 
Vermont,  which  was  founded  about  1800,  is  not  under  the 
control  of  any  sect,  and  is  open  to  both  sexes.  It  occupies 
4  spacious  buildings,  standing  on  a  pleasant  site,  which  is 
about  280  feet  higher  tlian  the  lake.  A  medical  college  is 
connected  with  the  university.  Burlington  has  a  free 
library  of  12,000  volumes,  and  a  large  hospital,  which  was 
founded  by  Miss  Mary  Fletcher  and  cost  $175,000.  It  is 
the  see  of  a  Catholic  bishop  and  of  a  Protestant  Episcopal 
bishop.  It  has  an  orphan  asylum,  2  savings-banks,  several 
machine-shops,  large  planing-mills,  and  manufactures  of 
cotton,  flour,  carriages,  furniture,  lumber,  steam  fire-engines, 
cigars,  spools,  blinds  and  doors,  mantels,  and  stoneware. 
This  is  one  of  the  largest  lumber  markets  in  the  United 
States.  Burlington  was  founded  in  1783,  and  incorporated 
as  a  city  in  1864.     Pop.  in  1880,  11,365;  in  1890,  14,590. 

Burlington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mineral  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
Patterson's  Creek,  13  miles  S.  of  Ke.vser.     It  has  a  church. 

Burlington,  a  post-village  of  Racine  co..  Wis.,  on  Fox 
River.  27  miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  frcm  Racine,  and  about  44 
miles  S.W.  of  Milwaukee.  It  is  at  the  mouth  of  the  outlet 
of  Geneva  Lake,  and  has  several  flonring-mills,  in  which 
water-power  is  used.  It  has  a  national  bank,  a  state  bank, 
a  high  school,  7  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  foundries, 
a  blanket-factory,  a  woollen-mill,  and  manufactures  of 
threshing-machines  and  of  ploughs  and  wagons  and  brick 
and  tile.  The  township  contains  several  small  lakes.  Pop. 
2043;  of  the  township,  3140. 


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Uurlington,  a  post-village  in  Prince  oo.,  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  35  miles  W.  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  150. 

Burlington,  Nova  Scotia.     See  Kennetcook. 

Burlington,  formerly  Wellington  Square,  a  vil- 
la'je  in  Ilalton  cc,  Ontario,  on  Lake  Ontario,  32  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Toronto.     Pop.  700. 

Burlington  Flats,  a  post- village  of  Otsego  oo.,  N.Y., 
10  miles  W.  of  Cooperstown.     It  has  3  churches. 

Burlington  Junction,  a  post-village  of  Nodaway 
CO.,  Mo.,  12  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Maryviile.  It  has  .3 
churches,  2  banks,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  800. 

Bur'mah,  Bur'ma,orBir'mah, otherwise  called  the 
Burmese  Empire,  or  Kingdom  of  Ava  (native, 
Mi/amma,  me-im'mi,  liyammn,  be-im'mi,  or  lirammn, 
brira'mi;  called  by  some  French  geographers  Birmanie, 
Barmanie,  or  Banna;  Chinese,  il/eeH-tee»,  me'Sn'-te'dn'), 
was  formerly  the  most  extensive  and  powerful  state  in  Far- 
ther India,  but  since  the  wars  of  the  Burmese  with  the 
British  its  territories  have  been  comprised  within  lat.  19°  30' 
and  28°  15'  N.  and  Ion.  93°  2'-100°  40'  E.  Area,  190,521 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  N.  by  Assam  and  Thibet,  E. 
by  China  and  the  Shan  country,  S.  by  British  Burmah,  and 
W.  mainly  by  Aracan,  Hill  Tiperah,  Muneepoor,  and  Assam. 
It  is  enclosed  on  most  sides  by  mountain-ranges,  in  elevation 
from  2000  to  5000  feet  above  the  sea,  its  central  part  consist- 
ing of  the  basin  of  the  Irrawaddy.  The  climate  is  considered 
healthful.  From  May  till  the  middle  of  September  the  rainy 
season  continues ;  from  that  time  till  March  the  weather  is 
delightful,  the  temperature  seldom  exceeding  75°;  in  April 
and  May  the  heat  becomes  very  great,  but  is  soon  mitigated 
by  the  rain.  Annual  fall  of  rain,  from  150  to  200  inches. 
The  soil  is  of  high  fertility  ;  but  except  near  the  towns  most 
of  it  lies  waste,  or  is  only  irregularly  tilled,  and  agricul- 
ture is  generally  in  backward  condition.  Rice  is  the  chief 
crop  S. ;  pulses,  Indian  millet,  and  maize  are  raised  in  the 
N.  Other  products  are  cotton,  indigo,  yams,  sweet  potatoes, 
tobacco,  capsicums,  gourds,  oil-plants,  bananas,  and  other 
fruits,  betel  nut  and  leaf,  sugar-cane,  onions,  garlic,  and 
(in  the  N.)  tea.  Teak  and  other  valuable  woods  abound, 
and  palm  and  bamboo  are  also  plentiful.  Oxen,  buffaloes, 
and  goats  are  the  principal  domestic  animsls,  and  the  ele- 
phant is  domesticated ;  a  good  breed  of  horses  is  also  reared. 
The  gold  and  silver  obtained  in  the  empire  have  been  esti- 
mated to  amount  in  value  to  upwards  of  $1,000,000.  Fine 
marble,  serpentine,  amber,  sapphires,  and  other  gems,  iron, 
petroleum,  jade,  copper,  tin,  lead,  antimony,  sulphur,  nitre, 
and  coal  are  also  found. 

In  physical  form  the  Burmese  are  more  allied  to  the  Mon- 
golians of  Eastern  Asia  than  to  the  Hindoos.  Their  figure 
is  short,  robust,  and  fleshy,  cheek-bones  large,  and  eyes 
obliquely  placed.  The  hair  is  black,  coarse,  and  lank ; 
color  of  skin  light  brown  or  yellowish.  The  language  is 
somewhat  allied  to  the  Chinese.  They  are  of  a  gay  dispo- 
sition, and  fond  of  amusements,  but  less  civilized  than  the 
Hindoos  or  Chinese.  They  excel  in  boat-building,  and  they 
cast  bells,  work  in  gold  and  silver,  and  dye  silk  and  other 
fabrics,  weave  silk  and  cotton  goods,  and  manufacture  lac- 
quered wares,  paper,  coarse  earthenwares,  and  some  other 
articles,  in  a  respectable  manner.  The  government  is  hered- 
itary and  despotic  ;  the  sovereign  is  assisted  by  a  council  of 
the  nobility,  over  whom  he  has  a  kind  of  feudal  jurisdic- 
tion, and  the  titles  of  the  latter  are  not  hereditary.  The 
religion  of  the  mass  of  the  inhabitants  is  Booddhism ;  a  few 
Christians  and  Jews  are  to  be  found  among  the  population, 
and  the  Karens  and  other  wild  tribes  are  worshippers  of 
spirits,  but  not  idolaters. 

Education,  in  so  far  as  reading  and  writing  are  concerned, 
is  very  general.  The  public  revenue  is  derived  from  a 
tithe  from  duties  on  imports  and  exports,  a  royal  monopoly 
of  marble,  amber,  the  precious  metals,  and  gems  above  a 
certain  size,  a  poll-tax  on  the  unsettled  tribes,  Ac. ;  and  the 
fiscal  system  is  "  replete  with  uncertainty,  rapacity,  and 

violence."     Capital,  Mandalay.     Pop.  about  4,000,000. 

Adj.  and  inhab.  Bir'man  or  Bur'man,  and  Bibmanese,  bir^- 
man-eez',  or  Burmese,  bur-meez'.     See  British  Burmah. 

Burnbrae,  burn'brii,  a  post-village  in  Northumberland 
CO.,  Ontario,  28  miles  from  Belleville.     Pop.  200. 

Bur'nersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barbour  co.,  AV.  Va., 
21  miles  S.E.  of  Clarksburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Bur'net,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
area  of  about  950  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W. 
by  the  Colorado  River,  which  also  traverses  the  S.  part. 
The  surface  is  hilly ;  the  soil  is  fertile,  and  produces  pasture 
for  large  numbers  of  cattle.  Indian  corn  and  cotton  are 
cultivated  here.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Austin  & 
Northwestern  Railroad.  Capital,  Burnet.  Pop.  in  1870, 
8688;  in  1880,  6865;  in  1890,  10,747.       . 


Burnet,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Burnet  co.,  Tex.,  is 
60  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Austin,  and  about  10  miles  east  of 
the  Colorado  River.     It  has  a  newspaper  office.     Pop,  280. 

Bur^nett',  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Wisconsin, 
bordering  on  Minnesota.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  and 
W.  by  the  St.  Croix  River,  intersected  by  the  Namekagon, 
and  also  drained  bv  Yellow  and  Shell  Rivers,  The  surface 
is  uneven,  and  is  covered  with  extensive  forests  of  pine,  &<s. 
Capital,  Grantsburg.  Pop.  in  1870,  706;  in  1880,  3140; 
in  1890,  4393. 

Burnett,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vigo  co.,  Tnd..  nt  Milton  Sta- 
tion on  the  Indianapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  9  miles  N.E. 
of  Terre  Haute. 

Burnett  (Tilden  Post-Office),  a  village  of  Madison  and 
Antelope  cos.,  Neb.,  at  Tilden  Station,  34  miles  by  rail 
W.  of  Stanton.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  600. 

Burnett,  a  station  in  Butler  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Shenango 
&  Alleghany  Railroad,  2  miles  from  Ililliard. 

Burnett,  a  post-township  of  Dodge  co.,  AVis.,  4  miles 
N.  of  Juneau,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Lake  Horicon,  and 
intersected  bj-  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad.  Pop. 
1091.     It  contains  a  village  named  Burnett's  Station. 

Burnett,  a  post-office  of  Dodge  co.,  AVis.,  2  miles  from 
Burnett  Station. 

Burnett  (Burnett  Station  Post-Office),  a  post-village  of 
Dodge  CO.,  AVis.,  on  the  west  shore  of  Horicon  Lake,  and  on 
the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Northern  division  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  59  miles  N.AV.  of  Milwaukee.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  about  200. 

Burnett's,  a  station  in  Stanislaus  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Oak- 
dale  Branch  of  the  Stockton  &,  Copperopolis  Railroad,  2 
miles  N.AV.  of  Oakdale. 

Burnett's,  a  station  in  Henry  co..  111.,  on  the  Chicago, 
Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  13  miles  E.  of  Rock  Island. 

Burnett's  Creek,  Ind.    See  Buunettsvili.e. 

Burnett  Station,  Wisconsin.     See  Burnett. 

Biirnetlsville,  a  village  of  AVhiteco.,  Ind.,  in  Jackson 
township,  on  the  Pirtsburg,  Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis  Railroad, 
12  miles  AV.  of  Log^nsport.  It  has  3  churches  and  an 
academy.  Pop.  270.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Bur- 
nett's Creek. 

Bnrnettsville,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  co.,  Md.,  at 
Miirion,  on  the  Eastern  Shore  Railroad,  4  miles  N.E.  of 
Crisfield. 

Bur'ney  Val'Iey,  a  post-village  of  Shasta  co.,  Cal.,  50 
miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Shasta.  It  has  a  church,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  about  120. 

Burn'ham,  or  Burnham  Village,  a  post-village 
of  AValdo  CO.,  Me.,  in  Burnham  township,  on  the  Sebasticook 
River,  and  on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  at  the  junction 
of  the  Belfast  Branch  with  the  main  line,  41  miles  AV.  by 
S.  of  Bangor,  and  34  miles  N.AV.  of  Belfast.  The  name  of 
its  post-office  is  Burnham  Village.  It  has  2  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  lumber,  sole  leather,  and  staves.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  788. 

Burnham's,  a  station  of  the  Connecticut  Central  Rail- 
road, near  the  E.  bank  of  the  Connecticut  River,  3i  milea 
N.E.  of  Hartford. 

Burn'hamsville,  a  hamlet  and  township  of  Todd 
CO.,  Minn.,  20  miles  from  Melrose.  It  has  manufactures  of 
lumber,  sash,  and  fanning-mills.     Pop.  204. 

Burn'ham-West'gate,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Norfolk,  32  miles  N.W.  of  Norwich,  on  a  nnhvay.     P.  1012. 

Burn'ing  Bush,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co.,  Pa. 

Burn'ing  Springs,  a  post-village  of  AVirt  co.,  AV.  Va., 
on  the  Little  Kanawha  River,  about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Par- 
kersburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  a  money -order 
post-office,  machine-shop,  &c.     Petroleum  is  procured  here. 

Burn'ingtown,  a  post-township  of  Macon  co.,  N.C.,  50 
miles  from  AValhalla.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  320. 

Burn'ing  Well,  a  station  in  A'^enango  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  A'^alley  Railroad,  23  miles  S.  of  Oil  City. 

Bur'nip's  Corners,  a  post-village  of  Allegan  co., 
Mich.,  in  Salem  township,  14  miles  N.  of  Allegan.  It  has 
a  church,  2  hotels,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  3  stores. 

Burn  Island,  an  island  off  the  west  coast  of  Placentia 
Bay,  Newfoundland,  5  miles  from  Paradise.     Pop.  53. 

Burnley,  burn'lee,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster, 
on  the  Burn,  at  a  railway  junction,  22  miles  N.  of  Manchester. 
Burnley  has  numerous  dissenting  places  of  worship,  a  free 
grammar-school,  several  other  schools  and  charities,  manu- 
factures of  cotton  and  woollen  fabrics,  and  of  machinery, 
with  iron-  and  br.ass-foundries,  breweries,  tanneries,  and 
rope-walks.  Its  manufacturing  prosperity,  which  is  mainly 
owing  to  the  abundance  of  coal  in  the  vicinity,  ha.s  been 


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744 


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nirther  promoted  by  the  Leeds  Jk  Liverpool  Canal,  which 
nearly  encircle*  the  town.     Pop.  In  18UI,  87,058. 

Bnrn'ley,or  (irimshawe's  Mills,  a  port-village  on 
Mill  Creek,  in  Northumberland  co.,  OntHrio,  U  miles  from 
Colborne.  It  oontiiins  grist-,  saw-,  and  shingle-mills. 
Pop.  250. 

Burns,  a  post-township  of  Henry  co..  111.,  9  miles  E.  of 
Cambridge.     Top.  1144. 

lliirns,  a  post-village  of  Marion  oo.,  Kansas,  about  20 
miles  by  rail  S.  by  K.  of  Marion.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  250. 

Burns,  a  post-townnhip  of  Shiawassee  co.,  Mich.,  about 
2U  miles  S.W.  of  Flint,  is  drained  by  the  Shiawnssee  River. 
It  contains  a  village  named  Dyron,  and  has  a  woollen-mill 
and  manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber.     Pop.  1498. 

Burns,  a  village  in  Burnstown  township,  Brown  co., 
Minn.,  on  the  Winona  A  St  Peter  Railroad,  29  miles  W.S.W. 
of  New  Ulm.  It  has  several  stores,  a  hotel,  and  2  wlieat- 
elevutors.     Here  is  Springfield  Post-Office. 

Burns,  a  post- village  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  8  miles  by 
rail  N.  by  W.  of  Hornellsville,  and  about  23  miles  (direct) 
N.W.  of  Bath. 

Burns,  a  post-village  of  Harney  oo.,  Oregon,  IH  miles 
S.W.  of  Harney.  It  has  a  church,  3  newspaper  offices,  and 
a  public  school.     Pop.  264. 

Burns,  a  post-township  of  La  Crosse  co..  Wis.,  is  bounded 
on  the  S.  by  the  La  Crosse  River.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
cheese- factory.  Pop.  991.  Burns  Post-Office  is  7  miles  N. 
of  Bangor  Railroad  Station. 

Burns,  a  station  in  Laramie  co.,  Wyoming,  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  2(5  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cheyenne. 

Burn'side,  a  post-vill.age  of  Hartford  oo..  Conn.,  in 
East  Hartford  township,  on  the  Hartford,  Providence  A 
Fishkill  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Hartford.  It  has  a  church, 
and  3  paper-mills  (on  Hockanum  River),  which  produce 
writing  and  book  papers.     Paper  was  made  here  in  1776. 

Burnside,  a  po.'t-village  of  Hancock  co.,  III.,  in  Pilot 
Grove  township,  on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw  Railroad, 
6  miles  N.  of  Carthage,  and  20  miles  S.  of  Burlington,  Iowa. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  college,  and  a  drug-store. 

Burnside,  a  station  in  Johnson  co.,  111.,  on  the  Cairo 
&  Vincenncs  Railroad,  50  miles  N.E.  of  Cairo. 

Burnside,  a  post-office  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.,  near  the 
Frankfort  «t  Kokomo  Railroad,  about  10  miles  N.E.  of 
Frankfort. 

Burnside,  a  post-town  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ky.,  52  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Danville.  It  has  an  academy  and  manufac- 
tures of  lumber.     Pop.  500. 

Burnside,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.,  in  Bum- 
side  township,  about  60  miles  N.  of  Detroit.  The  township 
contains  Deanville.     Pop.  of  township,  1429. 

Burnside,  a  hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  from 
Campbell  Hall  Station.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  store. 

Burnside,  a  township  of  Centre  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  386. 

Burnside,  a  post-borough  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.,  in 
Burnside  township,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna 
River,  about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Altoona.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1624. 

Burnside,  a  post-office  of  Buffalo  co..  Wis. 

Burnside,  a  township  of  Trempealeau  co.,  AVis.  Pop. 
1040.     It  contains  Independence. 

Burns  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co..  Pa. 

Burns  Station,  a  h.anilet  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Burns  township,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Hornellsville.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  2  stores,  Ac. 
Pop.  about  100.     Here  is  Burns  Post-Office. 

Burns  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dickson  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  37 
miles  W.  of  Nashville.     It  has  a  church. 

Burns  Station,  a  station  on  the  Gulf,  AVestcrn  Texas 
&  Pacific  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Cuero,  Tex. 

Burns'tOAvn,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Minn.  Pop. 
406.     It  contains  Burns. 

Burns'town,  a  post-village  in  Renfrew  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Madawaska  River,  15  miles  AV.  of  Arnprior.     Pop.  100. 

Burns'ville,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Dallas  co., 
Ala.,  on  the  Selma,  Rome  <fc  Dalton  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of 
Seluia.     It  has  3  churches. 

Burnsville,  a  post-village  of  Bartholomew  co.,  Ind., 
about  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Columbus.     It  has  2  churches. 

Burnsville,  a  township  of  Dakota  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  401. 

Burnsville,  a  post-village  of  Tishomingo  co..  Miss., 
on  the  Memphis  it  Charleston  Railroad,  15  miles  S.E.  of 
Corinth.     It  nas  2  churches.     Pop.  about  350. 

Burnsville,  a  township  of  Anson  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1038. 

Burnsville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Yancey  co.,  N.C, 
In  Burnsville  township,  about  110  miles  W.  of  Salisbury, 


and  8  mllM  N.W.  of  Clingm«n'8  Peak.  It  is  in  a  mou:i. 
tainouB  oouotry,  and  has  1  or  2  rthurobes.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 505. 

Burnsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Braxton  co.,  W.  Va.,  4.t 
miles  from  Clarksburg.  It  ha«  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill 
Pon.  125. 

Burnt  Cabins,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co..  Pa.,  in 
Dublin  township,  about  20  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Chambers- 
burg.     It  has  2  churches,  and  the  Sidney  Institute. 

Burnt  Chim'ney,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rutherford  co., 
N.C,  18  miles  W.  of  Shelby.     It  has  a  church  an<l  2  stores. 

Burnt^coat',  a  largo  island  of  Hancock  co..  Me.,  olF 
the  entrance  to  Blue  Hill  Bay. 

Burnt  Corn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  oo.,  Ala.,  17 
miles  N.W.  from  Evergreen.    It  has  2  churches  and  2  stores. 

Burnt  Fac'tory,  a  post-hamlet  of  Spartanburg  co., 
S.C,  15  miles  W.  of  Union  Court-House.  It  has  a  church, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Burnt  Hills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  9 
miles  S.  of  Ballstcm  Spa.     It  has  a  carriage-shop,  Ac. 

Burnt  House,  a  post-office  of  Ritchie  co.,  W.  Va. 

Burnt'island,  commonly  pronounced  brflnt-i'land,  a 
town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife,  on  the  Firth  of  Forth,  CJ 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Lcith.  It  is  chiefly  occupied  in  the  fish- 
eries, in  curing  herrings,  and  in  distilling.  It  is  clean  and 
well  built,  and  has  a  town  house,  school-house,  and  the  best 
harbor  on  the  F"irth,  with  a  low-water  pier,  a  light-house, 
and  docks.  It  is  a  railway  station,  and  is  connected  by 
railway  ferry  with  Granton,  5  miles  distant.     Pop.  3205. 

Burnt  Island,  or  Goreloi,  goVe-loy',  one  of  the 
Aleutian  Islands,  Andreanov  group.  On  it  is  an  active 
volcano,  said  to  rise  8000  feet  above  the  sea. 

Burnt  Island,  a  small  island  of  Knoxco.,  Me.,  between 
Monhegan  Island  and  the  mainland. 

Burnt  Island,  a  small  island  in  Isle  au  Haut  town- 
ship, Hancock  co.,  Me. 

Burnt  Island,  one  of  a  group  of  islands  on  the  W. 
side  of  Bonavista  Bay,  Newfoundland.     Pop.  130. 

Burnt  Island,  one  of  a  group  of  islands  off  the  south- 
ern coast  of  Newfoundland.     Pop.  160. 

Burnt  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Tishemingo  co.,  Miss. 

Burnt  Or'dinary,  a  po.st-hamlet  of  James  City  co., 
Va.,  10  miles  from  AVest  Point.  Near  here  are  2  churches 
and  an  academy. 

Burnt  Pine,  apost-officeof  Beaver  Head  co.,  Montana. 

Burnt  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-hamlet  of  White  co., 
111.,  in  Burnt  Prairie  township,  about  15  miles  S.W.  of 
Albion.  It  has  a  church.  The  township  is  drained  by 
the  Little  AV'abash  River.     Pop.  of  township,  2186. 

Burnt  Ranch,  a  post-office  of  Trinity  co.,  Cal.  Here 
is  a  gold-mine. 

Burnt  River,  Union  co.,  Oregon,  runs  eastward,  and 
enters  the  Snake  or  Lewis  River  at  the  eastern  boundary  of 
the  state.     It  is  about  100  miles  long. 

Burnt  Swamp,  township,  Robeson  co.,  N.C.    P.  1511. 

Burote,  Burrouth,  or  Barot,  bur-ot',  a  town  of 
the  Mcerut  district,  North-AVest  Provinces,  India.  Lat.  29° 
6'  N.;  Ion.  77°  20'  E.     Pop.  8081. 

Burr,  a  post-office  of  A^ernon  co.,  AA'is. 

Burra,  bur'ra,  a  small  island  of  Scotland,  belonging  to 
the  Shetland  group. 

Burra  Burra,  biir'ra  bur'ra,  a  district  of  South  Aus- 
tralia, 80  miles  N.  of  Adelaide,  with  rich  copper-mines. 

Bur'rageville,  a  post-village  of  AVorcester  co.,  Mass., 
in  Ashburnham  township,  on  the  Cheshire  Railroad,  at  North 
Ashburnham  Stiition,  14  miles  N.AV.  of  Fitchburg.  It  has 
manufactures  of  chairs  and  lumber,  and  2  hotels  for  sum- 
mer visitors. 

Burrampoor,  btir^ram-poor',  a  town  of  British  India, 
presidency  of  Madras,  10  miles  S.AV.  of  Ganjam.  It  has  a 
large  bazaar  or  market-place,  a  street  occupied  by  weavers, 
and  several  remarkable  Hindoo  temples. 

Burrampooter.    See  BKAnMAPooTRA. 

Bur'rard  Inlet,  a  post-village  of  British  Columbia,  on 
the  Gulf  of  Georgia,  9  miles  N.  of  New  AVcstminstcr.  Its 
harbor,  one  of  the  finest  on  the  Pacific  coast,  is  9  miles  in 
length,  easy  of  access  for  vessels  of  any  size,  deep  and  safe. 
Burrard  Inlet  is  a  centre  of  the  timber  trade,  and  is  spoken 
of  as  the  western  terminus  of  the  Canada  Pacific  Railway. 
Pop.  500,  exclusive  of  700  Indians. 

Bnrray,  bflr'ri,  a  small  island  of  Scotland,  belonging  to 
the  Orkney  group. 

Bur'rell,  a  township  of  Decatur  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1053. 

Burrell,  a  township  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa.     Pop.  964. 

Burrell,  a  township  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1374, 
exclusive  of  Blairsville. 

Burrell,   a  post-township  of  Westmoreland   co..  Fa., 


BUR 


745 


BUR 


1  about  15  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg,  is  bounded  on  the  N.W. 
I  by  the  Alleghany  River.  Pop.  1819.  It  contains  a  village 
t  named  Parnassus,  on  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad. 

Burriana,  boor-re-i'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  8  miles  S.  of 
Castellon  de  la  Plana,  on  the  Rio  Seco,  1  mile  from  its  mouth 
in  the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  6204. 

Bur'rillville,  a  post-township  of  Providence  co.,  R.I., 
about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Providence,  is  intersected  by  the 
I  Providence  &  Springfield  Railroad.     It  has  manufactures 
I  of  cotton  goods,  woollen  goods,  Ac,  and  a  national  bank. 
1  Pjp.  5249.     It  contains  villages  named  Pascoag,  Oakland, 
Harrisvillo,  Mohegan,  Mapleville,  and  Glendale. 
Uurris  Idronc,  Ireland.     See  Bonnis  Idrone. 
I      Burrisoi,    Burrisaul,    bur-c-sawl',    or   Barisal, 
I  bflr'e-sil',  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  Backergunge  dis- 
I  trict,  Bengal,  on  a  delta-island  of  the  Ganges,  and  on  a 
navigable  river  or  channel  of  the  same  name,  120  miles 
1  E.N.E.  of  Calcutta.     Pop.  7684. 

\      Bur'ritt,  a  township  of  Winnebago  co.,  111.     Pop.  991. 

Bur'ritt's  Rapids,  a  post-village  in  Grenville  co., 

Ontario,  on  the  Rideau  Canal,  10  miles  W.  of  Kemptville. 

It  has  good  water-power,  and  contains  saw-,  shingle-,  and 

grist-mills.     Pop.  400. 

Burr  Oak,  a  township  of  Mitchell  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
588.     It  contains  Brownville. 

Burr  Oak,  a  post- village  of  Winneshiek  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Burr  Oak  township,  13  miles  N.  of  Decorah,  and  about  100 
miles  N.W.  of  Dubuque.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school, 
and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  of  the  township,  946. 

Burr  Oak,  a  township  of  Doniphan  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Missouri  River.     Pop.  1074. 

Burr  Oak,  a  post-town  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas,  in  Burr 
Oak  township,  8  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Mankato.  It  has  3 
churches,  3  banks,  a  money-order  post-office,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  about  850. 

Burr  Oak,  a  post-village  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Burr  Oak  township,  on  or  near  Prairie  River,  and  on  the 
Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of 
Sturgis,  and  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Coldwater.  It  h.as  4 
churches,  a  union  school,  a  banking-house,  a  stave-factory, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  lumber-factory,  a  flour-mill,  and 
general  stores.     Pop.  687  ;  of  the  township,  1738. 

Burr  Oak,  a  post-hamlet  of  La  Crosse  co..  Wis.,   in 

Farmington  township,  about  22  miles  N.E.  of  La  Crosse. 

It  has  2  churches  and  a  plough-factory. 

Burr  Oaks,  a  post-office  of  Ford  co..  111.,  1  mile  from 

'   Burr  Oaks  Station,  which   is  on   the  Chicago  <fc  Paducah 

'   Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Gibson. 

Burr  Oak  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co..  Mo., 
16  miles  N.E.  of  Troy.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 
Burroughs',  biir'riiz,  a  station  in  Mercer  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Mercer  <fc  Somerset  Railroad,  9  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of 
Trenton. 
Bur'rows,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
,   Wabash  Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Logansport.     It  has  a 
I   church  and  a  saw-mill. 
i       Burrow's  Park,  a  post-office  of  Hinsdale  co.,  Col. 

Burr's  Ferry,  a  post-hamlet  and  steamboat-landing 
.   of  Vernon  parish.  La.,  on  the  Sabine  River,  100  miles  above 
Orange  Railroad  Station,  Tex. 

Burr's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  .lefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  4 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Watertown.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Burr's  Mills,  a  station  in  Belmont  co.,  0.,  on  the  Bal- 
timore k  Ohio  Railroad,  20  miles  W.  of  Bellaire. 

Burrs'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caroline  co.,  Md.,  10 
miles  AV.S.W,  of  Harrington,  Del.     It  has  2  churches. 

Burr'ton,  a  post-town  of  Harvey  co.,  Kansas,  18  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Newton.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  a  graded 
high  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  railroad-shops,  Ac.  P.  695. 
Murrun,  a  town  of  India.  See  Booi.ujjnsHAHUR. 
Burr'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Litchfield  co..  Conn.,  in 
Torrington  township,  on  the  Naugatuck  Railroad,  4  miles 
8.  of  Winsted. 

Burrville,  a  hamlet  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  in  Brick  town- 
ehip,  5  miles  E.  by  S.  from  Bricksburg. 
Burrville,  a  post-office  of  Sevier  co.,  Utah. 
Bursa,  a  city  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Brusa. 
Bnrscheid,  booR'shite,  a  manufacturing  town  of  the 
Rhine  province,  Prussia,  on  a  railway,  6  miles  S.  of  Solin- 
gen.     Pop.  5708. 

Bnrsec.  or  Barsi,  btir'see,  a  town  of  India,  Sholapoor 
district,  Bombay  presidency,  127  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of 
Poonah.     It  5?  a  great  cotton-mart.     Pop.  17,334. 

Burslem,  burs'lem,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Stafford, 
and  the  principal  town  in  the  district  called  "  The  Pot- 
teries," 3  miles  N.N.E.  of  Newcastle-under-Lyne,  on  a  rail- 
48 


way,  and  adjoining  Stoke-upon-Trent.  It  has  many  large 
factories,  convenient  dwelling-houses  of  the  work-people, 
and  villas  of  proprietors,  with  a  neat  town  hall,  news-room, 
police  office,  old  and  new  churches,  and  numerous  dissenting 
chapels.  As  early  as  the  seventeenth  century  it  was,  as  it 
is  at  present,  a  leading  place  in  the  production  of  earthen- 
wares.    Pop.  in  1891,  30,862, 

Bur'sonville,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Ala. 

Bursonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  6  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Riegelsville,  N.J. 

Bursztyn,  boonsh'tin,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  on  a 
railway,  and  on  the  Lippa,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Brzezany. 
It  has  Roman  Catholic  and  Greek  churches.     Pop.  4216. 

Burt,  a  county  in  the  E.N.E.  part  of  Nebraska,  has  an 
area  of  about  525  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  the  Missouri  River,  and  is  drained  by  Logan's  Creek. 
The  surface  is  undulating ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  A  large  portion 
of  the  county  is  prairie,  and  the  streams  are  bordered  with 
groves  of  hard  timber.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  and  oats  are 
the  staple  products.  Sandstone  is  found  here.  Capital, 
Tekamah.  Pop.  in  1870,  2847;  in  1880,  6937;  in  1890, 
11,069. 

Burt,  a  post-village  of  Kossuth  co.,  Iowa,  11  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Algona.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  district  school 

Burt,  a  township  of  Cheboygan  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  126. 

Bur'ton,  a  post-office  of  Rabun  co.,  Ga. 

Burton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co.,  111.,  in  Burton 
township,  about  10  miles  E.  of  Quincy.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  store.     Pop.  about  130.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1423. 

Burton,  a  township  of  McHenry  co..  111.,  on  the  Wis- 
consin line.     Pop.  218.     Post-office,  English  Prairie. 

Burton,  a  station  of  AVapello  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  St.  Louis, 
Kansas  City  &  Northern  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Ottumwa. 

Burton,  a  township  of  Genesee  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  1260, 
exclusive  of  that  part  of  Flint  which  lies  in  this  township. 

Burton,  formerly  Mun'gerville,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Shiawassee  co.,  Mich.,  in  Middlebury  and  Owosso  townships, 
on  the  Detroit  <fc  Milwaukee  Railroad,  about  5  miles  W.  of 
Owosso.     It  has  1  or  2  lumber-mills. 

Burton,  a  post-village  and  station  of  Howard  co..  Mo., 
on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  20  miles  N.  by 
E.  of  Booneville.  It  has  a  coal-mine,  a  drug-store,  a  plough- 
factory,  a  tobacco-factory,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  150. 

Burton,  a  post- village  of  Geauga  co.,  0.,  in  Burton 
township,  30  miles  (direct)  E.  of  Cleveland,  and  2  miles 
from  Burton  Station,  which  is  on  the  Painesville  &,  Youngs- 
town  Railroad,  21  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Painesville.  It  has  a 
bank,  2  churches,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1004. 

Burton,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Austin  Branch  of  the  Houston  k  Texas  Central  Railroad, 
81  miles  E.  of  Austin.  It  has  an  academy  and  2  churches. 
Pop.  about  200. 

Burton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wetzel  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  48  miles  S.S.E.  of  Wheeling. 
It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Burton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co.,  AVis.,  in  Waterloo 
township,  on  Grant  River,  4  miles  from  Waupaton  (Iowa), 
and  about  22  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Dubuque.     It  has  a  church. 

Burton,  a  post-village  in  Sunbury  co.,  New  Brunswick, 
on  the  St.  John  River,  18  miles  E.  of  Fredericton.   Pop.  1 030. 

Burton  City,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  0.,  in  Baugh- 
man  township,  on  the  Wheeling  &  Lake  Erie  Railroad,  2 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Orrville,  and  about  4  miles  (direct)  N.E. 
of  Wooster.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  woollen- 
mill. 

Burtonia,  biir-to'n?-a,  a  post-village  of  Washington 
CO.,  Miss.,  on  the  Yazoo  River,  185  miles  above  Vicksburg. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Bur'ton-in-Ken'dal,  a  town  and  parish  of  Eng- 
land, COS.  of  Westmoreland  and  Lancaster,  10  miles  S.  of 
Kendal.     Pop.  of  parish,  2038. 

Bur'ton-on-Trent,  a  town  of  England,  cos.  of  Staf- 
ford and  Derby,  on  the  Trent,  which  is  here  crossed  by  a 
bridge,  and  at  the  junction  of  several  railways,  11  milea 
S.S.W.  of  Derby.  It  has  a  grammar-school,  a  large  in- 
firmary, a  handsome  town  hall,  assembly-rooms,  a  work- 
house, a  library,  and  large  breweries  of  excellent  ale,  for 
which  the  town  has  long  been  famous.  Its  trade  is  pro- 
moted by  the  Grand  Trunk  Canal,  connecting  the  Mersey 
with  the  Trent,  which  latter  river  is  navigable  from  thf 
Ilumber  to  this  town.    Pop.  in  1891,  46,047. 

Burton's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prentiss  co.,  Miss.,  12  miles 
E.  by  S.  of  Booneville,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Burton's,  a  hamlet  in  Goshen  town.'<hip,  Belmont  co., 
0.,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Barnes- 
ville.     It  has  a  church.    Here  is  Pugh  Post-Office. 


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BUS 


Burton's  Hill,  a  poet-offioe  of  Or«ene  oo.,  AU. 
Barton  Station,  a  po«t-bamlet  of  Uoauga  co.,  0.,  21 
■  ntlM  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  I'ainesville. 

Bur'tonRville,  a  po»t-office  of  Montgomery  oo.,  Md. 
Burtonsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  oo.,  N.Y., 
OD  the  Schoharie  River,  34  miles  AV.  by  N.  of  Albany.     It 
bas  2  churches,  and  grist-,  woollen-,  and  saw-mills.     Pop. 
160. 

Bartonview,  bur^t^n-va',  a  post-offioe  of  Logan  oo., 
111.,  12  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Mason  City. 

Ilur'tonvillQ,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  oo.,  Ky.,  16  miles 
S.S.E.  from  Maysville.     Ithasachurchandaplough-factory. 

Burtonville,  a  hamlet  of  Clinton  oo.,  0.,  in  Union 
township,  3  miles  S.  of  AVilmington.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Burtscheid,  bSuiit'shite,  or  Borcette,  boit'sJ^tt',  a 
town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  a  southenstcrn  suburb  of  Aix-li^- 
Chapelle.  It  has  manufactures  of  cloth,  cn^simores,  iron, 
machinery,  yarn,  and  Prussian  blue,  with  celebrated  hot 
sulphur  springs.     Pop.  10,081. 

Uurt'villC,  a  post-hamlet  of  Potter  co..  Pa.,  5  miles 
E.S.B.  from  Port  Allcghnnj-.     It  has  a  church. 

Burn,  an  East  Indian  is<1and.    See  Booro. 

Buriigird,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  noonoooinn. 

Buriim,  bli'r&m,  or  Boerum,  boo'rum,  a  village  of 
the  Netherlands,  in  Friesland,  II  miles  S.E.  of  X>okkum. 
Pop.  1055. 

Buruucum,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Wouringen. 

Burwannee,  or  Burwani,  bur-win'neo,  a  native 
state  of  Central  India,  on  the  S.  of  the  Kerbudda.  Area, 
1.380  square  miles.  Capital,  Burwannee,  a  town  on  the 
Norbudda,  72  miles  W.S.W.  of  Indore.    Total  pop.  22,217. 

Bur'well,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Ciunoridge,  4 
miles  N.W.  by  W.  of  Newmarket.     Pop.  of  parish,  2108. 

Bar'well,  a  post-villnge  of  Garfield  oo..  Neb.,  near  Wil- 
low Springs,  and  15  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Ord.  It  has  a 
oburch,  2  banks,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  500. 

Bur'well's  Bay,  nn  expansion  of  James  River,  Vir- 
ginia, in  Isle  of  Wight  co.,  about  15  miles  above  Norfolk. 

Burwha,  bun'wi,  a  negro  town  of  Central  Africa,  king- 
dom of  Borneo,  on  the  W.  bank  of  Lake  Chad,  80  miles 
N.N.W.of  Kooka.  Lat.  13°52' N.;  Ion.  13°58'E.  It  covers 
an  extent  equal  to  3  square  miles,  being  surrounded  by  a 
wall  14  feet  high,  fronted  by  a  ditch.     Pop.  about  5000. 

Burwick,  York  co.,  Ontario.    See  WoonBRiDOK. 

Bur'woo'd,  a  post-oflSce  of  San  Joaquin  co.,  Cal. 

Bur'wur  Saggar',  or  Bur'wa  Sa'ga',  a  town  of 
India,  Jhansi  district,  Bundelcund,  lat.  25°  23'  N.,  Ion.  78° 
48'  E.,  on  the  shores  of  a  great  artificial  lake.     Pop.  6255. 

Bnry,  b?r'rce,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster, 
01^  the  Irwell,  Si  miles  N.N.W.  of  Manchester  by  railway. 
Tne  town  has,  in  late  years,  been  much  improved ;  it  pos- 
sesses handsome  churches,  a  grammar-school  and  numerous 
other  schools,  public  libraries,  a  mechanics'  institution,  a 
news-room,  and  a  horticultural  society.  It  has  important 
manufactures  of  cottons,  woollens,  and  machinery,  and 
calico-printing  and  bleaching  establishments.  In  the  vi- 
cinity are  extensive  coal-mines.  Since  the  Reform  Act  it 
has  sent  a  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.   Pop.  57,206. 

Bury  St.  Ed'munds,  or  St.  Ed'mundsbury,  a 
town  of  England,  co.  of  Suffolk,  on  the  Larke,  at  a  railway 
junction,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Ipswich,  and  60  miles  N.B.  of 
London.  The  town,  on  a  gentle  eminence,  in  a  healthy  and 
richly  cultivated  district,  is  remarkably  clean,  well  built,  and 
cheerful.  Principal  edifices,  St.  Mary's  church,  a  fine  Gothic 
structure ;  St.  James's,  near  which  is  a  belfry  80  feet  in 
height,  and  one  of  the  finest  remains  of  Saxon  architecture 
extant  in  Britain;  the  shire  hall,  guild  hull,  wool-hall, 
market-cross,  theatre,  concert-  and  assembly-rooms,  county 
jail,  house  of  correction,  Suffolk  General  Hospital,  East 
Suffolk  Hospital,  <fec.  The  grammar-school,  founded  by 
Edward  VI.,  enjoys  a  high  repute.  The  town  contains 
numerous  almshouses  and  other  charities,  a  mechanics' 
institution,  a  library,  and  a  botanic  garden,  and  has  some 
remains  of  a  celebrated  abbey,  to  which  the  body  of  King 
Edmund  was  transferred  in  933.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  large 
trade  in  wool,  corn,  butter,  and  cheese.  Pop.  (1891)  16,630. 

Burza,  booRt's&,  or  Burzen,  bSdnt's^n,  a  river  of 
Transylvania,  an  affluent  of  the  Aloota. 

Burzenland,  b5oRt'8?n-lint\  a  mountainous  region  of 
Hungary,  in  Transylvania,  forming  the  district  of  which 
Kronstadt  is  the  capital. 

Barzet,  bUn'zd',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Ar- 
dgche,  14  miles  N.  of  Largenticre.     Pop.  2760. 

Busacchino,  or  Busaquino,  Sicily.  See  Bisacquino. 

Busachi,  boo-si'kee,  a  town  of  Sardinia,  on  the  Tirsi, 
11  miles  N.E.  of  Oristano.     Pop.  1940. 

Bnsaco,  boo-si'ko,  a  hamlet  and  convent  of  Portugal, 


provinee  of  Beira,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Coimbra.  Utxt, 
September  27,  1810,  the  French  under  Massena  were  r«. 
pulsed  by  the  English  under  Wellington. 

Biisbach,  blis'b&K,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  9 
miles  E.  of  Aix-la-Chapello.     Pop.  3927. 

Bu8'bec,a  post-oflice  of  Buncombe  oo.,  N.C.,  7  miles  S. 
of  Asheville. 

Bnsca,  boos'k&,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  9  miles 
N.W.  of  Coni,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Po.  It  has  a  college,  a 
hospital,  and  botanic  gardens.     Pop.  9533. 

Biischdorf,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Puspoky. 

Bu8C,  a  township  of  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  2.14. 

Bu'scnbark's,  a  station  on  the  Cincinnati,  Ilnmiltun 
&  Dayton  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Hamilton,  0. 

Busendorf,  boo's^n-donf  (Fr.  Hoitzovville,  boo*7.iN»'. 
vecl'),  a  town  of  Lorraine,  18  miles  E.S.E.  of  Thionville,  on 
theNied.     Pon.  1775. 

Biiscnto,  Doo-sen'to  (anc.  PHsenti'uut),  a  river  of  Itiily, 
flows  by  Cosenza,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of  Buscnto  (or  Poli- 
castro)  near  the  town  of  Policastro.  It  is  a  small  stream, 
memorable  for  having  been  turned  aside  that  a  grave  might 
be  dug  in  its  bed  for  the  great  Alaric.  After  his  burial  tbf 
waters  were  led  back  to  their  former  course. 

Buseo,  boo-sd'o,  or  Buscu,  boo-s&'oo,  a  town  of 
Roumania,  in  Wallachia,  on  a  railway,  60  miles  N.E.  of 
Bucharest.     It  is  a  Greek  bishop's  see.     Pop.  11,106. 

Bush,  a  station  in  Downer's  Grove  township,  Du  Page 
CO.,  III.,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  A  Quincy  Railroad,  20 
miles  AV.  of  Chicago. 

Busli'berg,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co..  Mo.,  io 
Joachim  township,  on  the  Mississippi  Ri\"er,  and  on  the  St 
Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  25  miles  S.  of 
St.  Louis. 

Bush'bury,  a  post-bamlet  of  Cass  oo.,  Neb.,  9  miles 
S.W.  of  South  Bend. 

Bush  Creek,  a  township  of  Wayne  co..  III.   Pop.  1470. 

Bush  Creek,  a  township  of  Gasconade  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  566. 

Bush  Creek,  a  township,  Highland  co.,  0.     Pop.  1601. 

Busheab,  boo^sh§-4b',  an  island  in  the  Persian  (iulf,  1 1 
miles  from  its  N.  coast.  Lnt.  26°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  53°  12'  E. 
It  is  low  and  flat;  at  its  W.  extremity  is  a  small  town. 

Bush'ey,  or  Bush'y,  a  royal  park  of  England,  co.  of 
Middlesex,  on  the  Thames,  adjoining  Hampton  Court,  12 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  London.  Area,  1110  acres.  It  is 
traversed  by  superb  avenues  of  limes  and  chestnuts. 

Bush'ficid,  a  post- village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  16 
miles  from  Clinton.     Pop.  200. 

Bush  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C.,  3 
miles  from  High  Point  Railroad  Station.  It  has  .in  acad- 
emy, a  steam  tannery,  and  manufactures  of  sash,  blinds,  Ac 
Pop.  about  200. 

Bushire,  boo-sheer'  (properly,  Aboo-Shchr,  i-boo- 
shfih'r  or  4-boo-«haih'r,  "  father  of  cities"),  a  seaport  city  of 
Persia,  and  its  principal  entrepot  on  the  Persian  Gulf,  at  the 
N.  extremity  of  a  sandy  peninsula.  Lat.  29°  N. ;  Ion.  50° 
62' E.  Pop.  (estimated)  20,000,  mostly  Persians,  Arabs,  and 
Armenians.  On  the  land  side  it  is  protected  by  a  wall  with 
round  towers,  and  on  the  other  sides  is  enclosed  by  the  sea, 
which  on  the  N.  forms  a  harbor.  Being  built  of  white 
stone,  and  furnished  with  hollow  turrets  for  ventilation,  it 
has  a  handsome  appearance ;  but  its  streets  are  narrow  and 
unpaved,  it  is  ill  supplied  with  water,  good  houses  are 
very  few,  and  its  public  buildings  inferior.  Ships  of  606 
tons  are  obliged  to  lie  in  a  roadstead  6  iniles  from  the  city. 
Bushire  has,  however,  a  large  trade  with  India,  importing 
thence  rice,  indigo,  sugar,  cotton  goods,  and  other  manu- 
factures, with  steel,  spices,  porcelain,  cofl'cc,  bullion,  Ac. 
The  principal  exports  are  raw  silk,  wool,  shawls,  horses, 
carpets,  silk  goods,  dried  fruits,  grain,  wine,  turquoises, 
pearls,  assafoetida,  and  gall-nuts.  The  anchorage  is  in- 
diflerent,  but  is  the  best  on  the  coast.  It  consists  of  an 
outer  road  exposed  to  the  N.W.  winds,  and  a  safe  inner 
harbor  with  4i  fathoms  of  water,  2i  miles  from  the  town. 

Bush'kill,  a  small  creek  of  Pennsylvania,  runs  nearlj 
southward  in  Monroe  co.,  and  enters  the  Delaware  Kivcr 
about  12  miles  N.E.  of  the  Water  Gap.  Another  Bush- 
kill  Creek  runs  southward  in  Northampton  co.,  and  enters 
the  Delaware  at  Easton. 

Bushkill,  township,  Northampton  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1901. 

Bushkiil,a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Pike  co.. 
Pa.,  in  Lehman  township,  on  the  Delaware  River,  at  the 
mouth  of  Bushkill  Creek.  12  miles  N.E.  of  Stroudsburg.  It 
has  2  churches,  2  tanneries,  2  grist-mills,  and  2  saw-mills. 
Near  this  place  is  a  fine  cascade  called  Bushkill  Falls. 

Bushkill  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northampton  co., 
Pa.,  7  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Bath.    It  has  a  church  and  a  hotel. 

Bush'man's  River,  South  Africa,  Cape  Colony,  flowi 


BUS 


747 


BUT 


eanerally  S.E.,  forming  the  boundary  between  the  districts 
j  of  Uitenhage  and  Albany,  and  enters  the  Indian  Ocean  in 
Ion.  26°  37'  E. 

I  Bush'men  (Dutch,  Bosjesmant,  bos'y?8-ni4nz' ;  native, 
!  Saan  or  Saul),  a  race  of  rude  and  degraded  South  African 
savages,  apparently  (but  somewhat  doubtfully)  allied  to  the 
i  Hottentots.  They  arc  undersized,  but  very  active,  living 
'  principally  by  the  chase.  It  is  possible  that  they  are 
'  kindred  to  some  of  the  dwarfish  races  of  Central  Africa. 

Bush^mills',  a  small  town  of  Ireland,  in  Ulster,  co.  of 
Antrim,  on  the  Bush,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Coleraino.    Pop.  1008. 

Bush'nellt  a  post-town  and  railroad  junction  of 
MoDonough  CO.,  III.,  in  a  small  township  of  the  same 
name,  10  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Macomb,  the  capital  of  the 
county.  It  has  7  churches,  2  banks,  public  graded  and 
high  schools,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufixctures  of 
building-,  paving-,  and  fancy  brick,  wood  pumps,  metal 
wheels  for  implements,  wagons,  and  carriages.  It  has  also 
'  a  public  library,  and  is  the  seat  of  the  Western  Normal 
'  College.     Pop.  2314;  of  the  township,  2712. 

Bushneli,  township,  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  1380. 

Bushnell,  a  station  in   Cheyenne  co.,    Neb.,  on  the 
j  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  near  the  Wyoming  line,  and  J 63 
miles  W.  of  Omaha. 

Bii^'hnell,  a  post-village  of  Brooking's  co.,  S.D.,  10 
miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Elkton.     It  has  several  church 
'  orMnizations. 
I      Bushnell's  Basin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  N.  Y., 

on  the  Erie  Canal,  about  11  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rochester. 
'      Bush'nellsville,  a  post  hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  2i 
miles  N.  of  Shandaken  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  high 
school,  a  chair-fixctory,  and  2  summer  boarding-houses. 

Bush  River,  a  small  stream  fliowing  S.E.  through  New- 
berry district,  S.C.,  into  the  Saluda  River. 

Bush's,  a  station  in  Boone  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Columbia 
Branch  of  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern  Railroad, 
6  miles  S.W.  of  Centralia. 

Bush's  31111,  a  post-office  of  Gallia  co.,  0. 

Bush's  Store,  a  post-village  of  Laurel  co.,  Ky.,  about 
10  miles  (direct)  S.E.  of  London.  It  has  3  churches.  Pop. 
about  350. 

Bush'ville,  a  station  in  Phillips  co..  Ark.,  on  the  Ar- 
kansas Central  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Helena. 

Bushville,  a  hamlet  of  Banks  oo.,  Ga.,  10  miles  N.E. 
of  Harmony  Grove. 

Bushville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  4  miles 
S.  of  Liberty  Falls  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Bush'wick,  a  former  town  of  King's  co.,  N.Y.,  now 
included  in  the  Eastern  District  of  Brooklyn.  Bushwick 
Station  is  on  the  Southern  Railroad  of  Long  Island,  2 
miles  from  the  initial  station  in  Brooklyn. 

Bushy,  a  royal  park  of  England.     See  Bushey. 

Bush'y,  a  post-hamlet  of  Middlesex  co.,  Va.,  10  miles 
(direct)  E.  of  Saluda. 

Bushy  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Person  co.,  N.C.,  Pop. 
of  Bushy  Fork  township,  1425. 

Busi^ny,  bU'zccn'yee',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Nord,  12  miles  S.E.'of  Cambrai.     Pop.  3540. 

Busincssburg,  biz'nes-burg,  a  post- village  of  Belmont 
CO.,  0.,  in  Mead  township,  about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Bellaire. 
It  has  2  churches  and  2  steam-mills.     Pop.  about  200. 

Busk,  boosk,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  on  the  Bug, 
32  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lemberg.     Pop.  4221. 

Buskerud,  boos'ker-ood\  an  amt  of  Norway,  in  the 
rtift  of  Christiania.  Area,  5659  square  miles.  Capitals, 
Drammen  and  Kongsberg.     Pop.  in  1875,  101,867. 

Bus'kirk's  Bridge,  a  post-village  of  AVashington  and 
Rensselaer  cos.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Iloosac  River,  1  mile  N.  of 
Buskirk  Station  of  the  Troy  <fc  Boston  Railroad,  and  22 
miles  N.E.  of  Troy,     It  has  3  churches. 

Busko,  boos'ko,  a  town  of  Poland,  44  miles  N.E.  of 
Cracow.     It  has  mineral  springs  and  baths.     Pop.  800. 

Bussahcr,  or  Bassahir,  bus'si-her\  also  called 
Bis'ser,  a  tributary  Raj[)Oot  state  of  India,  bounded  E. 
by  Thibet,  and  further  enclosed  by  Gurhwal  and  various 
hill  states.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Sutlej,  and  is  very 
mountainous.     Capital,  Rampoor.     Pop.  90,000. 

Bussang,  bUs"s6>.-<»',  a  village  of  France,  in  Vosges,  on 
the  Moselle,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Remiremont.     Pop.  2115. 

Busseerhat,  a  town  of  India.     See  B.4sriuiAT. 

Biisserach,  biis'ser-lK',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton and  15  miles  N.  of  Solcure.     Pop.  602. 

BnsseroIles,biis^seh-r6ir,  a  village  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Dordogne,  10  miles  N.  of  Nontron.     Pop.  2772. 

Bus'seron,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  Ind.,  with  a  station 
on  the  Evansville  &  Terre  Haute  Railroad.  45  miles  S.  of 
Terre  Haute.     Pop.  1283- 


Busseroii  Creek,  Indian.T-,  runssouthwestward  through 
Sullivan  co,,  and  enters  the  Wabash  River  in  Knox  co.,  12 
miles  above  Vincennes.     It  is  about  60  miles  long. 

Busseto,  boos-si'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  Ongina,  an 
affluent  of  the  Po,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Parma.  It  has  pot- 
teries and  silk-works.     Pop.,  with  commune,  8632. 

Bus'sey,  a  post-hamlet  of  Meriwether  co.,  Ga.,  10  miles 
S.  of  Greenville. 

Bussey,  a  mining;  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Liberty  township,  on  the  Albia,  Knoxville  <fc  Des  Moines 
Railroad,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Albia.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  5  stores.     Coal  is  uiined  here.     Pop.  about  200. 

Bus'seyvilie,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ky. 

Bussiere,  bUs'se-aiu',  several  towns  or  villages  of 
France,  in  the  central  and  W.  departments  :  the  principal, 
BussiinK  DuNOiSK,  biis'se-ain'  dii^nwJz',  is  in  the  depart 
ment  of  Creuse,  7i  miles  N.AV.  of  Gueret.     Pop.  2767. 

Bussnang,  booss'nAng,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  in 
the  canton  of  Thurgau,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Thur,  oppo . 
site  Weinfelden.     Pop.  2130. 

Bussolengo,  boos-so-15n'go,  a  village  of  Italy,  9  miles 
AV.N.W.  of  Verona.     Pop.  3013. 

Bussolcno,  boos-so-li'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  5  mile?  by 
rail  E.  of  Susa,  on  the  Dora.  Pop.  2319.  In  its  environs 
are  quarries  of  green  marble. 

Bussorah,  Asiatic  Turkey.    See  Bassouah. 

Bustar,  or  Bastar,  biis'tar,  a  feudatory  state  of  the 
Central  Provinces,  India.  Lat.  20°  10'-17°  40'  N.;  Ion.  80o 
30'-82°  15'  E.  Area,  13,000  square  miles.  It  is  governed 
partly  by  a  rajah  and  partly  by  his  feudal  chiefs,  and  pays 
a  tribute  to  the  British.  Five-eighths  of  the  population 
consist  of  wild  hill-men.  The  forests  are  extensive,  and 
the  country,  though  a  high  flat  plateau,  with  some  moun- 
tains, is  very  sickly.     Pop.  78,856. 

Bus'tard  Bay,  a  bay  on  the  E.  coast  of  Australia,  in 
lat.  24°  4'  S.,  Ion.  151°  50'  E. 

Bustee,  or  Basti,  biis'tee,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of 
the  district,  40  miles  AV.  of  Goruckpoor.     Pop.  5087. 

Bustee,  or  Basti,  a  district  of  India,  Benares  com- 
raissionership,  North-AVest  Provinces,  lat.  26°  23'-27°  30' 
N.,  Ion.  82°  17'-83°  19'  30"  E.,  having  Nepaul  on  the  N., 
and  the  river  Goggra  on  the  S.  Area,  2787  square  miles. 
Capital,  Bustee.     It  is  a  rich  marshy  plain.     Pop.  1,472,994, 

Busti,  biis'ti,  a  post-hamlet  of  Howard  co.,  Iowa,  about 
19  miles  N.E.  of  Charles  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Busti,  bus'ti,  or  Busti  Corners,  a  post-village  of 
Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Busti  township,  about  32  miles  S. 
of  Dunkirk,  and  7  miles  S.AV.  of  Jamestown.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  grist-mill.  Pop.  278  ;  of  the  township,  1822. 
Chautauqua  Lake  touches  the  N.  part  of  the  township, 
which  has  3  saw-mills  and  a  basket-factory. 

Bustleton,  biis's'1-ton,  a  post-village  of  Philadelphia 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  the  23d  AA^ard,  on  Pcnnypack  Creek,  at  the 
N.W.  terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  Philadelphia  &  Trenton 
Railroad,  11  miles  N.N.E.  of  Independence  Hall.  It  has  4 
churches,  calico  print-works,  and  manufactures  of  axes, 
hatchets,  Ac.  Bustleton  Post-Office  is  a  branch  of  the  Phil- 
adelphia Post-Office. 

Busto-Arsizio,  boos'to-an-seed'ze-o,  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  Lombardy,  19  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Milan.  It  has  a 
cotton  thread  factory  and  an  active  trade.     Pop.  12,909. 

Busuluk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Boozoolook. 

Biisum,  bii'soom,  a  seaport  town  of  Prussia,  in  Holstein, 
on  the  North  Sea,  36  miles  N.AV.  of  Gluckstadt.     Pop.  1971. 

Busvagon,boos-vl-gon',  oneof  the  Philippine  Islands, 
Malay  Archipelago,  50  miles  S.AV.  of  Mindoro.  Length, 
about  50  miles;  average  breadth,  12  miles. 

Butala,  Battalah,  or  Batala,  biit'l-ia,,  a  town  of 
India,  in  the  Amritsir  division,  North-AA'^est  Provinces, 
district  and  19  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Goordaspoor.     Pop.  28,725. 

Butan,  a  state  in  India.    See  Bootan. 

Butcher  Ranch,  a  post-office  of  Placer  co.,  Cal. 

Butch'er's  Island,  a  small  island  ofir  the  AV.  coast  ol 
India,  in  Bombay  Harbor,  situated  between  Salscttc  and 
Caranja  Islands. 

Butcher  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Claiborne  co.,  Tcnn., 
38  miles  N.E.  from  Caryville  Station.     It  has  2  churchef 

Bute,  an  island  of  Scotland,  in  the  Firth  of  Clyde,  form- 
ing, with  Arran,  <fec.,  the  county  of  Bute,  and  separated 
from  Argyleshire  by  a  winding  channel  (the  Kyles  of  Bute). 
It  is  in  length  about  16  miles,  and  from  3  to  5  in  breadth. 
Area,  about  60  square  miles.  Its  northern  part  is  moun- 
tainous and  rugged ;  its  centre  and  southern  parts  are  un- 
dulating, with  a  pretty  fertile  soil.  In  the  centre  are  three 
small  lakes, — Lochs  Fad,  Ascog,  and  Quein.  On  its  E.  coast 
is  the  town  of  Rothesay,  beautifully  situated,  and  Mount- 
stuart,  the  seat  of  the  Marquis  of  Bute.     Pop.  10,064 


BUT 


t^8 


BUT 


BatC)  or  Bnteshire,  bnt'shjr,  a  oounty  of  Scotland, 
•omposed  of  Arrnn,  Bute,  the  Cumbrays,  Holy  Isle,  Pladda, 
and  Inchmarnooh,  the  whole  between  lat.  55°  32'  and  55° 
M'  N.  and  Ion.  4°  52'  and  i"  17'  W,  Area,  225  square 
miles.   Chief  town,  Kothcsay,  on  Bute  Island.   Pop.  16,977. 

Bute,  a  poet-village  in  Megantic  oo.,  Quebec,  2  miles 
fW)m  Beoancour  Station.     Pop.  150. 

Bute  Inlet,  a  grout  fiord  or  bay  of  British  Columbia, 
with  high  rocky  walls.  Its  entrance  from  the  Gulf  of 
Georgia  is  sheltered  by  Valdes  Island.  The  head  of  this 
inlet  is  one  of  the  projMjsod  termini  of  the  Canada  Pacific 
Railway,  but  its  watersare  too  deep  to  afford  safe  anchorage. 
On  its  border  a  great  glacier  reaches  the  sea. 

Biitera,  boo-t&'r&,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Sicily,  19 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Caltanisctta.     Pop.  5732. 

Buteshire,  Scotland.    See  Bute. 

Until  rotum ,  an  ancient  town  of  Turkey.   Sec  BiirniNTO. 

Bnti,  boo'tee,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  9i  miles  E. 
of  Pi.-'a.    Pop.  5029.    Its  vicinity  produces  excellent  olives. 

ButMer,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Alabama,  has  an  area 
of  about  750  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Sepulga 
and  Pigeon  Rivers.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  moderately  fertile. 
Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pine  lumber  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  intersected  from  N.  to  S.  by  the  Louisville  & 
Nashville  Railroad,  which  passes  through  Greenville,  the 
capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  14,981 ;  in  1880, 19,649; 
in  1890,  21,641. 

Butler,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  Iowa,  has 
an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Shell 
Rock  River,  the  West  Fork  of  Cedar  River,  and  Beaver 
Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating;  the  soil  is  fertile.  A 
large  portion  of  the  county  is  prairie.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
oats,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products  of  this  county,  which 
is  traversed  by  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  A  Northern 
Railroad,  the  Iowa  division  of  the  Illinois  Central  Rail- 
road, and  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul  &  Kansas  City  Railroad, 
which  passes  through  Allison,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
9951;  in  1880,  14,293;  in  1890,  15,463. 

Butler,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an  area 
of  1428  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Walnut  and  White 
Water  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating;  the  soil  is  fer- 
tile. The  county  contains  extensive  prairies,  with  groves 
growing  on  the  banks  of  the  creeks.  About  95  per  cent,  of 
it  is  prairie.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  grass,  and  cattle  are  the 
staple  products.  Magnesian  limestone  is  found  in  all  parts 
of  this  county,  and  forms  an  extensive  industry;  gypsum 
is  also  found  in  parts,  as  also  is  salt  water,  which  has  been 
discovered  at  El  Dorado,  the  capital,  at  a  depth  of  750 
feet.    Pop.  in  1870,  3035;  in  1880,  18,586  ;  in  1890,  24,055. 

Butler,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Kentucky,  has  an 
area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Green 
River,  which  is  navigable  by  steamboats.  The  surface  is 
hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  good  timber; 
the  soil  is  fertile.  Tobacco,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  The  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad  crosses 
the  extreme  S.W.  portion  of  the  county.  Capital,  Morgan- 
town.    Pop.  in  1870,  9404  ;  in  1880,  12,181 ;  in  1890, 13,956. 

Butler,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an 
area  of  about  575  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
the  St.  Francis  River,  and  intersected  by  Big  Black  River. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  partly  covered  with  forests 
of  cypress,  yellow  pine,  and  poplar  or  tulip-tree.  Indian 
corn,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
is  traversed  by  the  St.  Louis  &  Iron  Mountain  Railroad 
and  its  branches.  Capital,  Poplar  Bluff.  Pop.  in  1870, 
4298;  in  1880,  6011;  in  1890,  10,164. 

Butler,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Nebraska,  has  an 
area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S. 
by  Platte  River,  iind  is  partly  drained  by  the  Big  Blue 
River.  The  surface  is  undulating  prairie;  the  soil  is  fer- 
tile. Wheat,  Indian  corn,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products. 
The  capital,  David  City,  is  situated  at  the  junction  of  several 
riilroads  leading  from  various  directions.  Pop.  in  1870, 
1290;  in  1880,  9194;  in  1890,  15,454. 

Butler,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Ohio,  bordering  on 
Indiana,  has  an  area  of  about  450  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  Miami  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Mill,  St. 
Clair,  and  Seven  Mile  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating 
or  nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheal, 
barley,  oats,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Lower 
Silurian  limestone,  valuable  for  building,  is  abundant  in 
this  county,  which  is  intersected  l>y  the  Cincinnati,  Ham- 
ilton <t  Dayton  and  Cincinnati,  Richmond  &  Chicago  Rail- 
roads. Capital,  Hamilton.  Among  the  forest  trees  are  the 
buckeye,  beech,  elm,  hickory,  white  ash,  and  white  oak. 
Pop.  in  1870,  39,912;  in  1880,  42,579;  in  1890,  48,597. 


Butler,  a  county  In  the  W.  part  of  Pennsylvania,  hai 
an  area  of  about  800  square  miles.  The  Alleghany  River' 
touches  the  N.E.  and  S.E.  parts  of  this  county,  which 
is  partly  drained  by  Concouenessing  and  Slij>pcry  Rock 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is 
extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  bccoh,  elm 
hickory,  oak,  Ac. ;  the  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Oute,  butter' 
wheat,  Indian  com,  hay,  and  wool  are  the  staple  products. 
Among  the  mineral  resources  arc  petroleum,  coal,  iron,  ami 
liinestone.  This  county  is  partly  traversed  by  a  branch  of 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  and  by  the  Parker  &  Karnj 
City  Railroad.  Capital,  Butler.  Pop.  in  1870,  36,510;  in 
1880,  62.536;  in  1890,  55,339. 

Butler,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Choctaw  co.,  Ala.,  100 
miles  (direct)  N.  of  Mobile,  and  30  miles  S.E.  of  Meridian, 
Miss.  It  has  u  church,  an  academy,  a  wagon-shop,  and  a 
newspaper  oflSoe.     Pop.  about  250. 

Butler,  a  post-office  of  Larimer  co..  Col. 

Butler,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Taylor  oo.,  Ga.,  50 
miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Columbus,  and  80  miles  (direct)  8. 
of  Atlanta.  It  has  3  churches,  3  banks,  a  male  and  a  female 
college,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  500. 

Butler,  a  post-village  of  Alonfgomery  co.,  111.,  in  Butler 
township,  on  the  Indianapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  8  miles 
E.  of  Litchfield,  and  63  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  cheese-factory,  an  elevator,  and  3  general  stores. 
Pop.  1648;  of  the  township,  2107. 

Butler,  a  township  of  Vermilion  co.,  111.     Pop.  925. 

Butler,  a  post-village  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind.,  is  on  the 
Lpke  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  at  the  terminus 
of  the  Eel  River  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Waterloo,  and  33 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  has  a  high  school,  5 
churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of 
engines,  carriages,  cigars,  flour,  tile,  Ac.     Pop.  2621. 

Butler,  a  township  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1209. 

Butler,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1488. 

Butler,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1535.  It 
includes  Peoria  and  Santa  Fe. 

Butler,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  807,  ex- 
clusive of  Clarksville. 

Butler,  a  township  of  Calhoun  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  247. 

Butler,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  817. 
Post-office,  Garry  Owen. 

Butler,  a  post-office  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa,  12  miles  N. 
of  Ottumwa. 

Butler,  a  township  of  Scott  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  892. 

Butler,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Sherman  township,  16  miles  W.  of  Waterville.  It  has  a 
church. 

Butler,  a  post-village  of  Pendleton  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Kentucky  Central  Railroad,  and  on  the  Licking  lliver,  2!» 
miles  S.  of  Covington.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school, 
a  newspaper  office,  manufactures  of  lumber,  Ay.    Pop.  560, 

Butler,  a  post-office  of  Baltimore  co..  Mil. 

Butler,  a  post  township  of  Branch  co.,  Mich.,  about  30 
miles  S.W.  of  Jackson,  and  6  miles  N.E.  of  Coldwatet.  It 
has  2  lumber-mills  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  1389. 

Butler,  a  post-village,  cajiital  of  Bates  co..  Mo.,  about 
66  miles  S.  of  Kansas  City,  and  38  miles  N.E.  of  Fort 
Scott,  Kansas.  It  has  9  churches,  a  national  and  2  state 
banks,  a  daily  and  6  weekly  newspaper  offices,  public  schools, 
an  academy,  and  flour-mills,  a  pottery,  a  tile  factory,  a  saw- 
mill, evaporator,  Ac.     Pop.  2812. 

Butler,  a  post-village  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  17  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Paterson.  It  has  3  churches,  manufactures 
of  rubber,  paper,  Ac,  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Butler,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rutherford  co.,  N.C.,  8  miles 
S.E.  of  Rutherfordton. 

Butler,  a  township  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.  Pop.  1558. 
It  contains  Damascus. 

Butler,  a  township  of  Darke  co.,  0.  Pop.  1524.  It 
contains  Castine. 

Butler,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  0.     Pop.  701. 

Butler,  a  township  of  Mercer  co.,  0.     Pop.  1301. 

Butler,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  0.  Pop.  2153. 
It  contains  Chambersburg,  Vandalia,  and  Little  York. 

Butler,  a  post-village  of  Richland  co..  0.,  in  Worth- 
ington  township,  on  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  planing-mill.  The 
name  of  the  station  is  Independence. 

Butler,  a  township  of  Richland  co.,  0.     Pop.  768. 

Butler,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1333. 
Post-office,  Bigler. 

Butler,  a  flourishing  post-borough,  capital  of  Butler 
CO.,  Pa.,  is  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  on  the  Cono- 
quenessing  Creek,  about  26  miles  direct  N.  of  Pittsburg, 
with  whicii  it  is  connected  by  2  lines  of  railway,  respectively 


BUT 


749 


BUT 


49  and  39  miles  in  length.  Railway  lines  also  connect  it 
with  the  principal  cities  on  Lake  Erie.  Butler  has  a  savings- 
bank,  a  national  and  a  private  bank,  10  churches,  a  woollen- 
mill,  a  graded  school,  manufactures  of  plate  glass,  bottles, 
engines,  oil-well  machinery,  <fec.  (lor  which  its  numerous 
wells  of  natural  gas  afford  unsurpassed  facilities),  and  1 
daily  and  5  weekly  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  8734. 

Butler,  a  township  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1423. 

Butler,  a  township  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.  It  includes 
Ashland,  Girardville,  Preston,  and  other  mining  towns  of 
the  Mahanoy  anthracite  region.  Pop.,  exclusive  of  Ash- 
land, 5905. 

Butler,  a  township  of  Darlington  co.,  S.C.    Pop.  1099. 

Butler,  a  town.-'hip  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1646. 

Butler,  a  post-borough  of  Day  co.,  S.D.,  7  mile^  by 
rail  S.  of  Bristol,  the  capital  of  the  county.     Pop,  279. 

Butler,  a  post-ofiSce  of  Johnson  co.,  Tenn.,  l7  miles  S. 
of  Taylorville. 

Butler,  a  post-village  of  Freestone  co.,  Tex.,  near  the 
Trinity  River,  1 6  miles  S. W.  of  Palestine.     It  has  3  churches. 

Butler,  a  post-hamlet  of  Milwaukee  co.,  Wis.,  in  Wau- 
wfttosa  township,  about  8  miles  N.W.  of  Milwaukee.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Butler  Centre,  a  small  post-village  of  Butler  co,, 
Iowa,  in  Jefferson  township,  9  miles  N,  from  Parkersburg 
Railroad  Station,  about  100  miles  N.N.E.  of  Des  Moines, 
»nd  1  mile  X.  of  the  West  Fork  of  Cedar  River.  It  has  .3 
churches  and  a  money -order  post-office.     Pop.  152. 

Butler  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co..  Neb. 

Butler  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Butler  township,  about  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Auburn.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Butler  Junction,  a  station  on  the  Western  Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad,  i  mile  W.  of  Freeport,  Pa.,  at  the  junc- 
I   tion  of  the  Pittsburg  Branch  Railroad. 

Butler's,  post-township,  Edgefield  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  2080. 

Butler's  Ford,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.C. 

Butler's  lianding,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  Tenn., 
un  the  Cumberland  River,  45  miles  S.S.E.  of  Glasgow,  Ky, 
It  has  a  church. 

Butler  Springs,  a  post- village  and  watering-place  of 
Butler  CO.,  Ala.,  14  miles  W.  of  Greenville. 

Butler's  Switch,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Jennings 
•o.,  Ind.,  on  the  railroad  between  Madison  &  Columbus,  19 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Madison. 

But'lersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allen  co.,  Ky.,  about  20 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Bowling  Green,  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

But'lerville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lonoke  co..  Ark.,  8  miles 
E.  from  Austin  Railroad  Station.  It  has  1  or  2  churches 
and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  .about  100. 

Butlerville,  a  post-village  of  Jennings  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Campbell  township,  on  the  Ohio  <fe  Mississippi  Railroad,  66 
miles  W.  of  Cincinnati,  and  7  miles  E.  of  North  Vernon, 
It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  fur- 
niture, wagons,  (fee.     Pop.  about  500. 

Butlerville,  a  post-village  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Iowa  River,  IJ  miles  from  Montour  Railroad  Station,  and 
about  56  miles  N.E.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  a  church,  a 
graded  school,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  quarry  of  oolite  marble 
or  limestone. 

Butlerville,  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  is  a  part  of  the  city  of 
Utica.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Erie  Canal,  on  the 
E.  by  Wylie  street,  on  the  S.  by  Columbia  street,  and  on 
the  W.  by  Schuyler  street.  Here  is  a  hospital  for  old  people, 
endowed  by  Mr.  T.  K.  Butler. 

Butlerville,  a  post-village  of  AVarren  co.,  0.,  in  Har- 
lan township,  li  miles  from  Level  Station,  and  about  80 
miles  S.W.  of  Columbus.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop,  191. 

Butlerville,  a  post-office  of  Salt  Lake  co,,  Utah, 

But^ool',  a  town  of  India,  64  miles  N.  of  Goruckpoor. 

BiitOAV,  bii'tov,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  53  miles 
E.  of  Coslin.     Pop.  440. 

Butrinto,  boo-trin'to,  a  maritime  town  of  European 
Turkey,  at  the  mouth  of  a  river,  immediately  opposite 
Corfu,  and  on  the  other  bank  of  which  are  remains  of  the 
ancient  Buthro'tum.  Pop.  1500.  The  Lake  of  Butrinto, 
N.  of  the  town,  is  5  miles  long  by  2  miles  broad. 

Butschatsch,  a  town  of  Galicia.     See  Buczacz. 

ButschoAVitz,  or  Buczowic,  boo'cho-vits^,  a  town 
of  Moravia,  18  miles  E.  of  Brunn.     Pop.  2990. 

ButHahatch'ie,  a  small  river,  which  rises  in  Marion 
CO.,  Ala.,  runs  southwestward  through  Monroe  co.,  Miss., 
*nd  enters  the  Tombigbee  River  about  12  miles  S.  of  Aber- 
deen.    It  is  nearly  120  miles  long. 

Butte,  bute,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  California.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  AV.  by  the  Sacramento  River,  and  is 
drained  by  the  Feather  River  and  its  North  and  Middle 


Forks,  The  surface  is  partly  level  and  partly  hilly  and 
mountainous.  A  large  portion  of  it  is  covered  with  pine 
forests.  The  soil  is  generally  fertile  and  well  watered. 
Wheat,  barley,  wool,  and  hay  are  the  stiiple  products. 
The  prosperity  of  this  county  is  derived  chiefly  from  agri- 
culture. The  county  is  traversed  from  N.W.  to  S.E,  by  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  a  branch  of  which  terminates 
at  Oroville,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,403;  in  1880, 
18,721;  in  1890,  17,939, 

Butte,  a  township  of  Colusa  co,,  Cal.     Pop.  604. 

Butte,  a  township  of  Sierra  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  1182. 

Butte  City,  a  post-village  of  Colusa  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Sacramento  River,  26  miles  S.S.W.  from  Chioo,  It  has  2 
churches.     Much  grain  is  shipped  here. 

Butte  City,  a  city  and  important  railroad  junction, 
capital  of  Silver  Bow  co.,  Montana,  near  a  range  of  high 
mountains,  about  65  miles  S.  by  W,  of  Helena,  It  has  15 
churches,  6  banks,  and  5  newspaper  offices.  Here  are  rich 
mines  of  gold  and  silver.  Pop.  in  1880,  3363;  in  1890, 
10,723. 

Butte  Creek,  California,  runs  nearly  southwestward 
through  Butte  co.,  forms  part  of  the  boundary  between 
Colusa  and  Sutter  cos.,  and  enters  the  Sacramento  River 
about  5  miles  below  Colusa. 

Butte  des  Morts  (local  pron.  bu  d§  mor;  Fr.  pron. 
but  dk  moR),  a  post-village  of  Winnebago  co.,  Wis.,  on  the 
left  bank  of  Fox  River,  about  7  miles  N.W.  of  Oshkosh,  and 
2  or  3  miles  E.  of  Winneconne.  It  has  several  stores  and 
a  church.     Pop.  166. 

Buttelstd.dt,  boot't^l-stStt^  a  town  of  Germany,  Sase- 
Weimar,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Buttsfadt.     Pop.  947. 

But'ter  Creek,  Oregon,  runs  northward,  and  enters 
the  Umatilla  River  in  Umatilla  co. 

But'tercup,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co..  Pa.,  5  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Butler. 

But'terfield,  a  station  in  Watonwan  co.,  Minn.,  on 
the  Sioux  City  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  130  miles  S.W.  of  St. 
Paul.     Pop.  of  Butterfield  township,  90. 

Butterfield,  a  post-village  of  Barry  co..  Mo.,  15  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Seligman,  and  5  miles  (direct)  N.  by  W.  of 
Cassville. 

But'terfly,  a  post  hamlet  of  Stanton  co.,Neb.,  10  miles 
(direct)  S.E.  of  Stanton. 

Butterfly,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  3  miles 
W.  of  Mexico,  and  11  miles  (direct)  E.  by  S.  of  Oswego. 
It  has  a  cheese-factory, 

But'ter  Hill,  in  Orange  co,,  N.Y.,  a  steep  eminence  on 
the  W.  side  of  the  Hudson,  opposite  to  Breakneck  Hill, 
Height,  about  1530  feet. 

Butter  Island,  Hancock  co..  Me.,  is  in  Penobscot 
Bay.     Pop.  12. 

Butterley,  biit't^r-Ie,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of 
Derby,  3  miles  S.  of  Alfreton, 

Buttermere,  but't?r-meer,  a  chapelry  of  England,  co, 
of  Cumberland,  7i  miles  S,W.  of  Keswick,  Lake  Butter- 
mere  is  about  IJ  miles  in  length  by  i  mile  in  width,  and 
is  surrounded  by  sublime  mountain  scenery. 

But'termilk  Channel,  New  York  Harbor,  separates 
Governor's  Island  from  the  city  of  Brooklyn. 

Buttermilk  Falls,  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  a  small  cascade 
on  the  AV.  bank  of  the  Hudson,  2  miles  below  West  Point. 
See  Highland  Falls. 

Buttermilk  Falls,  AVyoming  co..  Pa.    See  Falls. 

But'ternut,  a  post-village  of  Ashland  CO.,  Wis.,  near 
Butternut  Lake,  and  on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad, 
54  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ashland,     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  400. 

Butternut  Creek,  Otsego  co.,  N.Y,,  runs  southwest- 
ward, and  enters  the  Unadilla  River  6  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Butternut  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  &  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  and 
on  the  Beaver  Kill  River,  about  24  miles  S,  of  Delhi,  It  has 
a  tannery  and  3  saw-mills. 

Butternuts,  a  post-township  of  Otsego  co,,  N.Y.,  about 
45  miles  S.  of  Utica,  It  contains  a  village  called  Gilberts- 
ville,  and  is  bounded  on  the  W,  by  the  Unadilla  River. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Gilbertsville,     Pop.  1813. 

But'tersville,  a  post-village  of  Mason  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  E.  shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  about  8  miles  by  rail  N.AV. 
of  Wiley, 

Butterville,  a  hamlet  of  Ulster  co,,  N,Y.,  2  miles 
from  New  Paltz.     It  has  a  Friends'  meeting, 

But'terworlh,  a  township  of  England,  co.  of  Lancas- 
ter, 3  miles  E.  of  Rochdale.  Pop.  7923,  chiefly  employed 
in  cotton-  and  woollen-factories.  It  contains  the  town  of 
Milnrow  and  part  of  Littleborough. 

But'terworth's,  a  stiition  in  AVarren  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Little  Miami  Railroad,  2  miles  N,  of  Loveland. 


BUT 


t50 


*Tt 


Bnttes,  butt,  a  rtllage  of  Switierlsnd,  canton  and  19 
ntilo*  S.W.  of  Neufoh&tel,  in  a  narrow  valley  surrounded 
by  high  mountains,  which  render  the  sun  invisible  during 
three  months  in  the  year.     Pop.  1488. 

Bntte  (bate)  Valley*  a  hamlet  of  Butte  oo.,  Cal.,  6 
miles  S.E.  of  Chioo. 

Batto  Valley«  a  post-oflfioo  of  Huerfano  oo.,  Col. 

Buttcvant',  a  luarkut-tuwn  of  Ireland,  in  Munstor,  co. 
of  Cork,  on  the  Arobog.  ;5i  miles  W.  of  Doneraile.     P.  1756. 

Butteville*  bat'vll,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co., 
Oregon,  is  on  the  Willamette  River,  24  miles  N.  of  SiXleui. 
Grain  is  shipped  hero  by  the  river.     Pop.  about  lUO. 

Buttiglicra,  boot-teel-y&'ril,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Pied- 
mont, 1«  miles  N.W.  of  Asti.     Pop.  2030. 

Butti(j(licra  Uriola,  buot-toel-y&'r&  oo-re-o'l&,  a  vil- 
lage of  Italy,  provinoo  of  Turin.     Pop.  1291. 

Buttisholz,  bout'tiss-h&lts',  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  11  miles  N.W.  of  Lucerne.  Pop.  159fi.  Near 
here  is  a  mound  called  the  Euylaitderhultel,  or  "  English 
hillock,"  which  contains  the  bones  of  3000  Englishmen,  fol- 
lowers of  Ingelram  de  Coucy,  Duke  of  Bedford,  who,  while 
devastating  the  Swiss  cantons,  was  defeated  by  the  peasants. 

But'ton,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Ford  co.,  111., 
about  5  miles  E.  of  Pa.xton.     Pop.  610. 

Bnt'ton-Ness,  a  prominent  headland  of  Scotland,  on 
the  northern  side  of  the  entrance  into  the  Firth  of  Tay.  Lat. 
56"  28'  N. ;  Ion.  2°  40'  W.     Here  are  two  light-houses. 

But'tonwood)  a  post-office  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa. 

Butts,  a  county  near  the  central  part  of  Georgia,  has  an 
area  of  about  180  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
the  Ocmulgee  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  uneven ;  the 
noil  produces  cotton  and  Indian  corn.  The  East  Tennessee, 
Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad  traverses  the  county.  Capital, 
Jackson.   Pop.  in  1870,  6941  :  in  1880,  8311 ;  in  1890, 10,565. 

Butts'  Store,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Ark. 

Buttst&dt,  bdSt'stdtt,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Saxe- 
Wcimar,  11  miles  N.N.E.  of  Weimar.     Pop.  2462. 

Butts'ville,  a  post-office  of  Grundy  co.,  Mo. 

Buttsville,  a  mining  village  of  McKean  co.,  Pa.,  is  on 
the  Bradford  Branch  ol  the  Erie  Railroad,  1  mile  from  Alton 
Post-Office.     It  has  a  coal-mine  and  about  40  houses. 

Buttz'vilie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  oo.,  N.J.,  on 
Pequest  Creek,  1  mile  from  Bridgeville  Railroad  Station, 
and  4  miles  E.  of  Belvidere.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill, 
and  about  20  houses. 

Buturlinovka,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Pktrov.skaia. 

Butyin,  boot'yeen,  or  Buttzen,  boot'tsen,  a  town  of 
Hungary,  co.  and  37  miles  N.E.  of  Arad.     Pop.  3192. 

Butz,  bdots,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Aargau, 
7  miles  N.  of  Aarau. 

Butzbach,  boots'biK,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Hesse, 
11  miles  S.  of  Giessen.  It  has  manufactures  of  flannels, 
hosiery,  and  leather.     Pop.  2617. 

Biitzow,  biits'ftv,  a  town  of  North  Germany,  Mecklen- 
burg-Schwerin,  on  the  Warnow,  18  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of 
Rostock.  It  has  manufactures  of  paper  and  playing-cards. 
Its  old  episcopal  residence  is  now  a  prison.     Pop.  4710. 

Butz'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northampton  co.,  Pa.,  2 
miles  N.W.  of  Freemansburg. 

Buxar,  or  Baxar,  bux'ar',  a  city  of  Bengal,  in  Sha- 
babad,  on  the  Ganges,  75  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Patna.  It 
is  held  to  be  a  very  sacred  place  by  the  Hindoos.  Pop. 
13,446.  Here,  October  22, 1764,  Sir  Hector  Munro  defeated 
Kasim  Ali  in  a  great  battle. 

Buxentum,  an  ancient  name  of  Policastro. 

Buxtehudc,  booxH§h-hoo'd§h,  a  town  of  Hanover,  in 
Prussia,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Stade,  on  the  Este,  near  its  mouth 
in  the  Elbe.  It  has  manufactures  of  starch,  leather,  snuff, 
and  wax-lights.     Pop.  2788. 

Bux'ton  (L.  Bucostennm),  a  town  and  watering-place 
of  England,  co.  of  Derby,  .31  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of 
Derby,  and  160  miles  N.N.W.  of  London.  It  is  in  a  deep 
valley,  and  consists  of  an  old  and  a  new  town,  the  latter  con- 
taining many  fine  buildings,  excellent  hotels  and  shops,  an 
elegant  church,  public  and  private  baths,  assembly-rooms, 
several  schools,  and  a  library.  The  "  Old  Hall,"  once  the 
residence  of  Mary  Queen  of  Scots,  is  now  an  inn.  The 
saline  waters  in  the  lower  town  are  from  a  hot  and  a  cold 
spring  within  a  few  inches  of  each  other ;  there  is  also  a 
cnalybeate  spring.  Many  of  the  inhabitants  are  engaged  in 
the  manufacture  of  alabaster,  spar,  and  other  ornaments. 
The  vicinity  abounds  with  fine  scenery.     Pop.  3717. 

Bnx'ton,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Clinton  co.,  HI.,  on 
the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Carlyle. 

Buxton,  a  post-township  of  York  co.,  Me.,  15  miles  W. 
of  Portland,  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Soco  River,  and 
traversed  by  the  Portland  &  Rochester  Railroad.     It  con- 


tains Villages  named  Buxton  Centre  and  West  Buxton,  and 
has  a  cotton-mill,  7  churches,  a  bank,  and  extensive  manu- 
factures of  lumber.     Poj).  2546. 

Buxton,  a  post-village  of  Traill  co.,  N.D.,  25  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Griind  Forks,  and  53  miles  N.  of  Fargo.  It  bat 
2  churches  (an  American  Congregational  and  a  NorwegiuB 
Lutheran),  a  state  bank,  and  an  academy.  The  vioiiiiiy 
produces  fine  wheat.     Pop.  aliout  300. 

Buxton  Centre,  a  post-village  of  York  oo.,  Me.,  m 
Buxton  township,  on  the  Portland  &,  Rochester  Railroiul,  16 
miles  W.  of  Portland.     It  has  a  church,  a  shoe-factory.  Ac 

Buxy,  blik^seo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Sa6nu-et-Loire,  9 
miles  S.W.  of  Chillons.     Pop.  2063. 

Buyerstown,  bi'^rz-town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaslei 
oo.,€'a.,  2  miles  N.  of  Gap  Railroad  Station. 

Buytrago,  a  town  of  Si)ain.     See  Buitkaoo. 

Buyukdere,  or  Bnjuudcrc,  boo-yook-d&'r&,  a  town 
of  Turkey,  on  the  European  shore  of  the  Bosporus,  10  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Constantinople.  It  is  famous  for  its  picturesque 
beauty.  The  up|)er  part  is  occupied  by  the  summer  resi- 
dences and  ganlens  of  the  European  ambassadors,  and  the 
lower  by  Greeks,  Aruienians,  and  Turks. 

Buzan4;ais,  bU^zANo^s^',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Indre,  on  the  Indre,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Ch^tuauroux. 
In  its  vicinity  are  iron-works.     Pop.  4980. 

Buzancy,  bU'z62<°*see',  a  town  of  France,  Ardennes,  25 
miles  S.E.  of  MSziiires.  It  has  a  castle,  and  a  Saracenio 
edifice  of  the  twelfth  century.     Pop.  821. 

Buzen,  bw'z^n,  or  Bizen,  oee'z^n,  a  province  of 
Japan,  in  the  N.  of  the  island  of  Kioo-Sioo,  and  separated 
from  Hondo  by  the  Strait  of  Van  der  Capellen,  here  scarcely 
1  mile  across.  It  lies  between  lat.  33°  23'  and  34°  N.,  Ion, 
130°  40'  and  131°  23'  E.,  and  comprises  23  islands,  all  un- 
important.    Pop.  331,878. 

Buzet,  bii^z4',  a  town  of  France,  in  Lot-ct-Garonne,  7 
miles  N.  of  Nerac.     Pop.  1391. 

Buz'zard's  Bay,  Massachusetts,  is  an  inlet  of  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  from  which  it  extends  northeastward  about 
30  miles.  Its  width  varies  from  5  to  10  miles.  It  washes 
the  coast  of  Barnstable  co.  on  the  E.,  and  Bristol  and  Ply- 
mouth on  the  N.W.  The  Elizabeth  Islands,  arranged  in  a 
row  along  its  S.E.  side,  separate  it  from  Vineyard  Sound. 

Byamma,  a  native  name  of  Burmah. 

By'am  Mar'tiu's  Island,  Pacific  Ocean,  is  in  lat. 
19°  40'  22"  S.  and  Ion.  140°  22'  28"  W. 

By'arsville,  a  post-office  of  Cleveland  co.,  N.C.,  13 
miles  from  Shelby. 

Byass,  a  town  of  Syria.    See  Baias. 

Byberry  (bi'b^r-re)  Post-Olfice,  Pa.,  is  a  branch  of 
Philadelphia  Post-Office,  about  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Inde- 
pendence Hall.  The  former  township  of  Byberry  is  now  a, 
precinct  of  the  23d  ward  of  Philadelphia. 

Byblus,  the  ancient  name  of  Jebail. 

Byers,  bi'§rz,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Arapahoe  co., 
Col.,  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  41  miles  E.  of  Denver. 

Byers,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Mecosta  co.,  Mich., 
in  Colfax  township,  on  the  Grand  Rapids  <fc  Indiana  Rail- 
road, 4  miles  S.  of  Big  Rapids. 

Byers,  a  station  in  Uwchlan  township,  Chester  co., 
Pa.,  is  the  terminus  of  the  Pickering  Valley  Railroad, 
which  extends  northeastward  11  miles  to  Phoenixville. 

Byer's  Island,  in  the  Pacific.    See  Patroci.nio. 

By'ersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y.,  6 
miles  N.W.  of  Dansville.     It  has  a  church. 

Byesville,  biz'vil,  a  post-village  of  Guernsey  co.,  0., 
on  the  Cleveland  A  Marietta  Railway,  53  miles  N.  of  Mari- 
etta, and  5  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cambridge.  It  has  4  chuiehes, 
a  graded  school,  flour-  and  plauing-mills,  and  extensive 
coal-mines.     Pop.  789. 

By'field,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Essex  co.,  Mass., 
in  Newbury  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Boston  &  Maine 
Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Newburyport.  It  liivs  an  acad- 
emy and  a  church.  Byfield  is  an  old  ecclesiiistical  parish, 
in  the  townships  of  Newbury,  West  Newbury,  and  Rowley. 

Byha'lia,  a  post- village  of  Marshall  co..  Miss.,  23  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  ot  Memphis,  Tenn.  It  has  4  churches,  2  select 
schools,  manufactures  of  agricultural  implements,  several 
general  stores,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  474. 

Bylialia,  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  0.,  80  miles  N.E. 
of  Bellefontaine.  It  has  2  churches,  and  saw-,  flour-,  and 
feed-mills.     Pop.  250. 

By'ington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co.,  0.,  23  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Hillsborough. 

Bykund,  bi'kiind', a  ruined  city  in  Toorkistan,  23  miles 
S.AV.  of  Bokhara.     It  has  remains  of  hijjh  antiquity. 

Byl  Hangal,  or  Bail  Hangal,  bil  hang'gal,  a  town 
of  India,  in  Bombay,  48  miles  S.  of  Darwar.     Pop.  8655. 


m. 


751 


CAB 


Bylina,  the  Bohemian  for  Bilin. 

BylcB)  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Qoomish. 

Bylot's  Bay,  in  the  Atlantic.    See  Baffin's  Bat. 

Bynadu,  the  Hindoo  name  of  Wynaad. 

Byng,  or  HaI'dimand,  a  post-village  in  Haldimand 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  Grand  River,  near  Dunnville.     Pop.  150. 

Byng  Inlet,  a  post-village  in  the  district  of  Algoma, 
Ontario,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Maganctawan  River,  on  the 
north  shore  of  Georgian  Bay,  90  miles  N.  of  Collingwood, 
It  contains  large  saw-mills.  A  steamer  from  Collingwood 
calls  here  every  week.     Pop.  307. 

By'numville,  a  post-namlet  of  Chariton  co.,  Mo.,  15 
miles  S.  of  New  Cambria  Railroad  Station.    It  has  2  stores. 

Byopolis,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Ei'Ila. 

By'ram,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hinds  co.,  Miss.,  on  the  Pearl 
River,  and  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  A  Chicago  Railroad, 
9  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Jackson.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  75. 

By  ram,  a  township  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.     Pop.  1332. 

By  Vamghaut',  a  town  of  Oude,  on  the  Goggra,  34 
miles  N.E.  of  Lucknow. 

By'ram  River,  in  th»  S.W.  part  of  Connecticut,  enters 
Long  Island  Sound  on  the  boundary  between  that  state  and 
New  York. 

Byrd,  a  township  of  Cape  Girardeau  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  2112. 
It  includes  Jackson. 

Byrds'towu,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Pickett  co.,  Tenn., 
about  38  miles  W.  of  WinSeld.  It  has  3  church  organiza- 
tions and  an  academy.     Pop.  250. 

Byrds'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbus  co.,  N.C.,  5 
miles  N.E.  from  Maxwell's  Railroad  Station. 

Byrd'town,  a  village  of  Somerset  co.,  Md.,  H  miles 
from  Crislield.  It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy.   Pop.  600. 

Byria,  Byrria,  or  Bairea,  bi'r^-i,  a  town  of  India, 
Qhazeepoor  district,  on  the  Ganges.  Lat.  25°  29'  N. ;  Ion. 
78°  E.     Pop.  6766. 

Byrne,  burn,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co.,  Tenn.,  25 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Cookeville.     Pop.  100. 

Byrnesville,  b^mz'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefieraon  co., 
Mo.,  5  miles  S.  of  Eureka.     It  has  a  church,  &o. 
.        Byrneville,  b^rn'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co., 
Ind.,  on  Indian  Creek,  14  miles  W.  by  N.  of  New  Albany. 

By'romtown,  a  post-village  of  Forest  co..  Pa.,  7  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Sheffield  Junction.     It  has  2  churches. 

By'romville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dooly  co.,  Ga.,  about 
16  miles  S.B.  of  Oglethorpe. 

By'ron,  a  post-village  of  Contra  Costa  co.,  Cal.,  68 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  San  Francisco.     It  has  2  churches. 

Byron,  a  post-village  of  Houston  co.,  Ga.,  17  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Macon.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  300. 

Byrou,  a  post-village  of  Ogle  co..  III.,  on  the  W.  bank 
of  Rook  River,  88  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Chicago.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Pop.  698. 

Byron,  a  hamlet  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.,  about  20  miles 
W.  of  South  Bend. 

Byron,  a  township  of  Buchanan  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  996. 

Byron,  a  post-office  of  Woodson  co.,  Kansas,  12  miles 
W.  of  Neosho  Falls. 


Byron,  a  post-township  of  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  about  55 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Augusta.     Pop.  242. 

Byron,  a  township  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  1504. 
It  contain?  Byron  Centre. 

Byron,  a  post-village  of  Shiawassee  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Shiawassee  River,  about  60  miles  N.W.  of  Detroit,  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Flint,  and  17  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Howell.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  flour-mill,  manufactures  of  stares, 
headings,  and  barrels,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  500. 

Byron,  a  post- village  of  Olmsted  co.,  Minn.,  9  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Rochester.  It  has  a  graded  school,  2  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  fanning-mills  and  brick.     Pop.  300. 

Byron,  a  township  of  Waseca  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  310. 

Byron,  a  post-office  of  Osage  co..  Mo. 

Byron,  a  post-town  of  Thayer  co..  Neb.,  17  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Hebron.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  150. 

Byron,  a  post-village  of  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  25  miles  by 
rail  W.S.W,  of  Rochester.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school, 
manufactures  of  farming-implements  and  flour,  and  several 
mineral  springs.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1703. 

Byron,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  0.,  in  Bath  town- 
ship, about  11  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Dayton.     It  has  a  church. 

Byron,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fond  du  Lac  co.,  Wis.,  in  Byron 
township,  about  8  miles  S.  of  Fond  du  Lac.  Pop.  of  th« 
township,  1346. 

Byron,  a  township  of  Monroe  co..  Wis.     Pop.  331. 

Byron,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
river  Thames,  6  miles  from  London.  It  has  2  woollen-fac- 
tories.    Pop.  125. 

Byron  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Byron  township,  on  the  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  Kal- 
amazoo division,  12  miles  S.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  a 
town  hall,  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  about 
200. 

Byron's  Bay,  E.  coast  of  Labrador,  North  America,  is 
in  lat.  54°  40'  N.,  Ion.  57°  30'  W. 

Byron's  Island,  of  the  Mulgrave  Archipelago,  in  the 
Pacific.  Lat.  1°  18'  S. ;  Ion.  177°  20'  E.  It  is  low,  densely 
wooded,  and  was  discovered  by  Admiral  Byron  in  1765. 

Byrria,  a  town  of  India.     See  Byria. 

Byske,  biis'ki  or  bis'kfih,  a  river  of  Sweden,  falls  into 
the  Gulf  of  Bothnia  in  lat.  64°  57'  N.,  after  a  direct  S.B. 
course  of  110  miles.    At  its  mouth  is  the  town  of  Byskea. 

Bytown,  the  former  name  of  Ottawa,  Canada. 

Byturney,  Bytarnee,  Baitarni,  lai-tiir'nee,  Bal- 
tarani,  or  Vaiturani,  vi-tiir'a-nee,  a  river  of  Hindos- 
tan,  rises  in  the  state  of  Keunjhar,  and,  after  a  S.E.  course 
of  from  300  to  400  miles,  falls  into  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  in 
Orissa,  in  lat.  20°  47'  N.  Area  of  basin,  3100  square  miles. 
It  is  a  great  river  in  the  rainy  season,  and  is  regarded  as 
sacred  by  the  Hindoos. 

Byzantium,  be-zan'she-um  (Gr.  BuJai'Tioi',  liuzantion, 
or  BvtravTiov,  Busantion),  an  ancient  city  on  the  site  of  the 

modern  Constantinople.    See  Constantinople. Adj.  and 

inhab.  Byzantine,  be-zan'tin,  and  Byzantian,  be-zan'- 
she-an. 

Byzia,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Yiza. 


G. 


Caacaty,  kJL'kJL-tee',  an  Indian  village,  77  miles  E.  by 
S.  of  the  city  of  Corrientes,  Argentine  Republic.    Pop.  2722. 

Cababuri,  ki-bi-boo-ree',  a  river  of  Brazil,  formed  by 
the  junction  of  the  Mataraoa  and  Baria,  pursues  a  S.  course 
for  120  miles,  and  falls  into  the  Rio  Negro  at  lat.  0°  10'  S., 
Ion.  66°  30'  W. 

Cabala,  kl-bi'si,  a  town  of  Africa,  South  Guinea,  in 
the  country  of  Congo.     Lat.  6°  S.;  Ion.  11°  30'  E. 

Cabado,  a  river  of  Portugal.    See  Cavado. 

Cabagan,ki-b4-gin',  atown  of  the  Philippine  Islands, 
in  the  province  of  Cagayan,  at  the  N.  extremity  of  the 
island  of  Luzon.     Pop.  11,100. 

Cabalaba,  kl-bi-li'ba.,  a  river  of  Dutch  Guiana,  a 
tributary  of  the  Corentyn,  which  it  joins  about  lat.  5°  N., 
Ion.  57°  3'  W.  It  is  extremely  winding  in  its  course,  and 
its  water  is  of  an  ochreous  color. 

Caballos,  Puerto  Caballos,  pweB'to  ki-val'yoce. 


or  Port  Cor'tez,  a  small  town  of  Honduras,  on  the  N. 
coast,  lat.  15°  49'  N.,  Ion.  87°  67'  W.,  and  56  miles  by  rail 
N.  of  Santiago. 

Caballos,  a  town  of  Peru.    See  Naska. 

Cabalunga,  ki-bS.-loon'gi,  a  town  of  the  island  of 
Samar,  one  of  the  Philippines. 

Cabanes,  k^-si'nSs,  a  town  of  Spain,  12  miles  N.E.  of 
Castellon  de  la  Plana.     Pop.  2056. 

Cabapuana,  k5,-b4-poo-4'ni  (called  also  erroneously 
Campuan  Beritigba  and  Muribeca),  a  river  of 
Brazil,  province  of  Espirito  Santo,  rises  in  the  Serra  do 
Pico,  and  falls  into  the  Atlantic  in  lat.  21°  26'  S.,  after  a 
direct  course  of  80  miles. 

Cabar'rus,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  North 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  Rocky  River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and 
extensively  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  in  some  parts  is 


CAB 


r52 


CAC 


fcrtile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  oata  are  the  staple  agri- 
ealtnim]  product*,  and  among  it«  mineral*  are  copper,  gold, 
bM-yte*.  Dlende,  and  galena.  This  county  is  Intersected  by 
a  dtrUioB  of  the  Richmond  A  Danville  Railroad  Company'* 
lines  leading  from  Salisbury  to  Chiirlotte.  Capital,  Con- 
cord. Pop. In  1870, 11,954;  In  1880, 14,964;  In  1890, 18.142. 
Cabatuan,  k&-b&-too-&n',  a  town  of  the  Philippines, 
island  of  I'nnoy,  and  province  of  Iloilo.     Pop.  20,000. 

Cabazern,  k&-b&-id'r&,  a  town  of  the  Philippines,  in 
LuEon,  province  of  Calgayan.     Pop.  12,000. 

CabazoD)  k&-b&-tOn',  a  station  on  the  Southern  Pacific 
Railroad,  93  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Cabbage  (k&b'bij )  Farm ,  a  post-office  of  Mecklenburg 
CO.,  Va.,  25  miles  from  Warrenton,  N.C. 

Cabbngetown,  a  hamlet  of  Monmouth  oo.,  N.J.,  12 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Trenton. 

Cabe^o  de  Vide,  k&-b&'8o  d&  vee'd&,  a  town  of  Por- 
tugal, in  Alemtejo,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Aviz.     Pop.  1028. 

Cab'ell,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  West  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  350  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.W.  by  the  Ohio  Kiver,  and  intersected  by  the  Ouy- 
andotte  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  uneven,  nnd  is  mostly 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products  of  this  county, 
which  is  intersected  by  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad. 
Capital,  Barboursville.  Pop.  in  1 87u,  6429  ;  in  1880,  1.3,744 ; 
in  1890,  23,596. 

Cabell  Court-Honse.    See  Barboursville. 
Cabellio,  the  ancient  name  of  Cavaillon. 
Cabellos  da  Veiha,  ki-bfil'loce  d&  viVyK,  a  bay  of 
Brazil,  province  of  Maraphao.     It  is  about  8  miles  square, 
and  is  interspersed  with  islands  and  sand-banks,  rendering 
it  difficult  of  access.     It  is  intersected  by  lat.  1°  40'  S. 

Cabenda,  Kabenda,  k&-bdn'd&,  or  Kabin'da,  a 
8oaport  town  of  Western  Africa,  in  Angoy,  40  miles  N.  of 
the  mouth  of  the  river  Congo. 

Cab'ery,  a  post-village  of  Ford  co..  III.,  24  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Kankakee.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  600. 

Cabe<f,  k&'b^s,  or  Khabs,  k&bs,  more  correctly 
Gabes,  g&'b^s  (anc.  Tac'apa,  Tacape,  or  Capis),  a  sea- 
port town  of  Tunis,  200  miles  S.  of  the  town  of  Tunis,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  ancient  Triton.  It  exports  henna,  &e. 
See  Gulf  op  Cabes. 

Cabeza  del  Buey,  ki-bi'thi  dfil  boo-i'  (or  bwi),  a 
town  of  Spain,  86  miles  E.S.E.  of  Badajos.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  woollens  and  linens.  Pop.  6300.  There  are 
several  small  towns  in  Spain  called  Cabeza  and  Cabezas. 

Cabezas  de  San  Juan,  k8,-bi'th&s  dk  s&n  Hoo-&n',  a 
town  of  Spain,  27  miles  S.  of  Seville.  It  is  very  ancient, 
and  has  a  Moorish  castle.     Pop.  4650. 

Cabezon,ki-bi-thon',  a  town  of  Spain,  7  miles  N.N. E, 
cf  Valladolid,  on  the  Pisuerga.     Pop.  1365. 

Cabezuela,  k&-b&-thoo-4'l&,  a  town  of  Spain,  Estre- 
madura,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Plasencia,  on  the  Jerte.    P.  1801. 
Cabiao,  ka-Be-dw',  a  town  of  the  island  of  Luzon,  in 
the  province  of  Pampanga,  N.W.  of  Manila.     Pop.  4940. 
Cabiilonum.    See  Chalons-8ur-Sa6ne. 
Cab'in  Creek,  a  hamlei  of  Johnson  co.,  Ark.,  on  the 
Little  Rock  <fc  Fort  Smith  Railroad,  95  miles  N.VV.  of  Little 
Rock,  and  2  miles  N.  of  the  Arkansas  River.     It  has  a 
8te:im  grist-mill. 

Cabin  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  8 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Delhi.  It  has  a  church,  a  district  school, 
and  manufactures  of  butter.     Pop.  120. 

Cabin  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shenandoah  co.,  Va.,  8 
miles  from  Kdinburg.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  200. 

Cabin  John,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md., 
ntar  the  Potomac,  about  8  miles  above  Washington,  D.C. 

Cabin  Point,  a  post-village  of  Surry  co.,  Va.,  10  miles 
from  Waverly  Station,  which  is  21  miles  S.E.  of  Petersburg. 
It  has  2  churches  and  2  stores. 

Cabira,  the  ancieut  name  of  Seevas. 
Cable,  ka'b'l,  a  coal-mining  town  of  Mercer  co..  111.,  at 
the  terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  Rock  Island  <fc  Peoria  Rail- 
road, 26  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Rock  Island.     It  has  4  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  brick  and  tile.     Pop.  1276. 

Cable,  a  post-village  of  Champaign  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Columbus,  Chicago  &  Indiana  Central  Railroad,  38  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Columbus.     It  has  2  churches. 

Cable,  a  post-office  and  mining  camp  of  Deer  Lodge 
CO.,  Montana,  about  15  miles  N.  of  Anaconda.  Altitude, 
about  7000  feet.     It  has  2  quartz-mills. 

Cable,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bayfield  co..  Wis.,  16  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Hayward.     Pop.  125. 

Ca'ble  Island,  a  small  island  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Cork, 
Id  the  Atlantic,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Youghal. 


Cabo  da  Roca,  the  Portuguese  for  Cape  Roca. 

Cabo  de  Boa  Esperant^a.    See  Cape  op  Uoou  Hon. 

Cabo  de  Gntii,  the  Simnish  for  Cape  Oata. 

Cabo  de  Palos,  the  Sj>iininh  for  Cape  Pai.os. 

Cabo  de  I'eiias,  the  Spanish  for  Cape  PeiSas. 

Cabo  do  Norte,  Brazil.    See  Cape  North. 

Cabo  Frio,  ki'bo  free'o  {i.e.,  "cool  cape"),  a  city  and 
seaport  of  Brazil,  N.E.  of  the  cape  of  the  same  name  (sec 
Cape  Frio),  state  and  76  miles  N.E.  of  Rio  Janeiro.  It 
has  a  college,  established  In  1840.  The  town  is  at  the 
S.E.  extremity  of  Lake  Ararauma,  and  is  connected  with 
the  continent  by  a  bridge.  Climate  unhealthy.  It  has  an 
extensive  commerce  in  salt.     Pop.  3600. 

Cabool,  k&b-ool',  written  also  Caboul,  Cabul, 
Caubul,  and  Kabul,  a  town  of  Asia,  ca])ital  of  Afghan- 
istan, on  the  Cabool  River.  82  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ghu/.nee. 
Lat.  34°  30i'  N. ;  Ion.  69°  6'  E.  Its  streets  are  narrow  and 
dirty,  and  so  crossed  by  gates  as  to  divide  the  town,  in  case 
df  tumult  or  war,  into  many  separate  fortrossed.  Caboul  It 
famous  for  its  fruit,  and  is  well  supplied  with  water.  Pop, 
about  60,000. 

Cabool,  ka-bool',  a  post-town  of  Te.xas  co..  Mo.,  78 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  5  churches,  a  col> 
lege,  graded  high  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.    Pop.  359. 

Caboolistan',  or  Cabool,  a  province  in  the  N.E. 
of  Afghanistan,  including  that  part  which  is  under  the 
direct  control  of  the  ameer.     Area,  100  square  miles. 

Cabool  River,  or  Jui-Shir,  joo'ee-shir,  the  only 
large  tributary  of  the  Indus  from  the  W.,  rises  near  lat. 
34°  21'  N.  and  Ion.  68°  20'  E.,  at  an  elevation  of  8400  feet, 
and,  after  an  eastward  course  of  320  miles,  and  the  addition 
of  many  tributaries,  joins  the  Indus  near  Attock.  The 
towns  of  Cabool,  Jelalabad,  and  Lalpoor  are  on  its  banks. 

Ca'born's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Posey  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  St. 
L6ui8  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  13  miles  W.  of  Evansville. 
It  has  a  church. 

Cab'ot,  a  post-village  of  Lonoke  co.,  Ark.,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &,  Southern  Railroad,  22  miles  N.E. 
of  Little  Rock.     It  has  5  churches  and  an  academy. 

Cabot,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Vt.,  in  Cabot 
township,  about  18  miles  N.E.  of  Montpelier.  It  ha*  3 
churches,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  carriage-factory.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1279. 

Cabot's  Head,  the  extreme  point  of  a  promontory 
separating  Lake  Huron  from  Georgian  Bay. 

Cabotvilie,  a  former  name  of  Chicopee,  Mass. 

Caboul,  a  town  of  Afghanistan.     See  Cabool. 

Cabra,  ki'brJ,  (anc.  jUgabrum),  a  town  of  Spain,  30 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Cordova.  It  has  an  endowed  college,  a 
Latin  and  a  normal  school,  a  hospital,  a  Dominican  convent, 
and  manufactures  of  tiles,  bricks,  linens,  and  soap.  Its 
neighborhood  produces  wine  of  superior  quality.  Pop. 
11,076.  Several  small  towns  in  Spain,  and  one  of  the 
Nicobar  Islands,  have  the  name  of  Cabra. 

Cabra,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Kabra. 

Cabra  del  Santo  Cristo,  ki'bri  dSl  sin'to  krees'to, 
a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  28  miles  S.E.  of  Jaen. 
Pop.  2146. 

Cabras,  ki'bris,  a  small  but  fruitful  island  of  the 
Philippines,  between  Luzon  and  Mindoro. 

Cabras,  ki'bris,  a  village  in  the  island  of  Sardinia,  6 
miles  N.W.  of  Oristano.     Pop.  3719. 

Cabra  (ki'br&)  Spring,  a  post-office  and  sheep-ranch 
of  San  Miguel  co..  New  Mexico. 

Cabrera,  ki-bri'rS,  (anc.  Gapra'rin),  one  of  the  Bale- 
aric Islands,  in  the  Mediterranean,  9  miles  S.  of  Majorca, 
It  has  a  fort  and  a  harbor,  and  is  used  by  the  Spanish  gov- 
ernment as  a  place  of  exile.  Cabrera  is  also  the  name  of 
several  villages  and  a  river  of  Spain. 

Cabrera,  one  of  the  Ionian  Islands.    See  Kabrera. 

Cabriel,  ki-bree-fil',  a  river  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile, 
joins  the  Jucar  after  a  course  of  about  130  miles. 

Cabrobo,  a  village  of  Brazil.     See  Qtiebrobo. 

Cabrutte,  one  of  the  Laccadive  Islands. 

Cabul,  a  town  of  Afghanistan.    See  Cabool. 

Ca^apaba,  ki-si-p&'bi,  a  town  of  Brazil,  capital  «.  * 
district  of  the  same  name,  province  of  Rio  Grande  do  Sul, 
150  miles  W.S.W.  of  Porto  Alegre.     Pop.  3500. 

Cac'apon  (often  pronounced  ki'pon)  or  Great  Cac'" 
apon  River,  AVest  Virginia,  rises  in  Hardy  co.  It  runs  in 
a  N.N.E.  direction,  intersects  Hampshire  and  Morgan  cos., 
and  enters  the  Potomac  River  about  5  miles  from  Berkeley 
Springs.  It  is  nearly  130  miles  long.  About  8  miles  W. 
of  this  river  is  a  ridge  called  Cacapon  Mountain,  which 
is  in  Hampshire  co. 

Caccamo,  kik-ki'mo,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  and 
18  mile*  S.E.  of  Palermo.    Pop.  7203. 


CAC 


753 


CAD 


Caccavone,  klk-ki-vo'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Campobasso,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Agnone.     Pop.  2752. 

Caccuri,  kik-koo'ree,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Catanzaro,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Cotrone.     Pop.  1178. 

Caceres,  ki'thi-rSs,  a  provvnee  of  Spain,  in  Estrema- 
dura.  Area,  7018  square  miles.  It  belongs  wholly  to  the 
basin  of  the  Tagus.     Pop.  302,455. 

Caceres  (anc.  Cae'tra  Gxcil'ia),  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Estremadura,  capital  of  the  above,  24  miles  AV.  by  N.  of 
Trujillo.  It  is  divided  into  the  old  and  the  new  town. 
The  old  town  occupies  the  top  of  a  hill,  and  is  surrounded 
by  a  strong  wall  defended  by  towers  and  having  five  gates. 
The  new  town  is  built  round  the  old,  and  forms  the  more 
important  portion.  The  houses  are  well  constructed ;  the 
streets  steep,  and  with  few  exceptions  narrow  and  ill  paved. 
Its  principal  square  is  lined  with  good  houses,  shops,  and 
public  buildings,  and  in  the  centre  is  a  handsome  prome- 
nade. The  public  edifices  are  its  churches,  a  town  house, 
session-house,  hospitals,  2  prisons,  a  theatre,  and  normal 
and  other  schools ;  besides  which  it  has  a  Jesuits'  college, 
convents,  and  palaces,  an  alcazar  or  castle,  and  a  bull-ring. 
Linen,  cloth,  baize,  hats,  leather,  ropes,  soap,  earthenware, 
wine,  and  oil  are  manufactured,  and  it  has  a  trade  in  cattle, 
bacon,  wool,  manufactured  goods,  Ac.     Pop.  13,466. 

Caceres,  ki'si-rfis  or  k5,'thi-r5s,  a  town  of  the  republic 
of  Colombia,  department  of  Antioquia,  110  miles  N.  of 
Popayan. 

Caceres,  or  Nueva  Caceres,  noo-i'v&  k&'si-rfis,  a 
town  and  bishop's  see  of  the  Philippines,  island  of  Luzon, 
on  the  S.E.  coast,  175  miles  S.  of  Manila.  Pop.,  with  the 
suburbs,  Santa  Cruz  and  Tabuco,  12,000. 

Cachao,  a  city  of  Anam,    See  Ketcho. 

Cachar,  ki-char',  a  district  of  India,  in  Assam,  about 

gjat.  24°-26°  N.,  Ion.  92°  30'-93°  30'  E.     Area,  1285  square 

liles;  of  the  Cachar  Hills  (additional),  3175  square  miles. 

pt  produces  large  amounts  of  tea  for  export,  and  is  in  part 

lountainous,  with  fertile  plains.     Rice  and  cotton  are  also 

leading  products.   Capital,  Silchar.   Pop.  205,027,  excluding 

"le  hill-tract. 

Cache,  kash,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Utah,  border- 
ig  on  Idaho,  has  an  area  of  about  900  square  miles.  It  is 
Intersected  by  the  Bear  River.  The  surface  is  partly  moun- 
'  kinous.  This  county  comprises  a  large  part  of  the  fertile 
Sache  Valley,  which  extends  60  miles  N.  and  S.  and  is  7 
liles  wide  on  an  average.  This  valley  is  bounded  on  each 
Hide  by  high  ridges  of  carboniferous  limestone,  is  watered 
>y  numerous  creeks,  and  is  adapted  to  pasturage.     Wheat, 

its,  wool,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.     Bear  River 

ms  across  Cache  Valley,  and  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad 
traverses  the  county  in  the  N.W.     Capital,  Logan.     Pop. 

1870,  8229;  in  1880,  12,562;  in  1890,  15,509. 

Cache,  kash,  a  river  of  Arkansas,  rises  in  the  extreme 
inortheastern  part  of  the  state,  and  runs  southwestward.  It 
Irains  parts  of  the  counties  of  Greene,  Craighead,  Jackson, 

id  Woodruff,  and  enters  White  River  at  Clarendon,  Mon- 
»e  CO.     Its  length  is  estimated  at  230  miles. 

Cache,  a  river  of  Illinois,  drains  parts  of  Johnson, 
'ulaski,  and  Alexander  cos.,  and  enters  the  Ohio  River 

lut  6  miles  N.  of  Cairo.     It  is  nearly  70  miles  long. 

Cache  Creek,  California,  issues  from  the  S.E.  end  of 
lear  Lake,  runs  southeastward  through  Yolo  co.,  and  enters 
le  Sacramento  River  about  5  miles  above  Charleston.     It 

nearly  70  miles  long. 
jl   Cache  Creek,  a  small  post- village  of  Yolo  co.,  Cal.,  12 
[miles  W.  of  Woodland,  and  about  35  miles  W.N.W.  of  Sacra- 
lento.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  township,  3067. 
^  Cache  la  Poudre  (kish  IS,  poo'd'r)  Creek,  Colorado, 
ftises  in  the  Snowy  Range,  runs  southeastward  through  Lar- 
'imer  co.,  and  enters  the  South  Fork  of  the  Platte  in  Weld 
|eo.  near  Greeley.     It  is  nearly  120  miles  long.     The  valley 
if  this  creek  is  very  fertile. 

Cachemire,  a  French  spelling  of  Cashmere. 

Cacheo,  kil-shi'o,  or  Cacheu,  ki-shi'oo,  a  Portu- 

lese  settlement  in  Senegambia,  Africa,  near  the  coast, 
and  on  the  Cacheo,  85  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bathurst. 

Cacheo,  a  city  of  Anam.    See  Ketcho. 

Cacheville,  kish'vll,  a  village  of  Yolo  co.,  CaL,  on 
Cache  Creek,  and  on  the  California  Pacific  Railroad.  It  has 
a  church,  2  hotels,  3  stores,  a  flouring-mill,  and  2  wagon- 
Bhops.     Here  is  Yolo  Post-Office. 

Cachias,  a  town  of  Brazil.    See  Caxias. 

Cachimayo,  ki-che-mi'o,  a  river  of  Bolivia,  flows  into 
the  Pilcomayo,  after  a  course  of  340  miles. 

Cachoeira,  or  Caxoeira,  ki-sho-i'e-rS,,  a  Brazilian 
word  signifying  "waterfall,"  given  as  a  name  to  several 
towns  and  villages  of  South  America, 

Cachoeira,  or  Caxoeira,  a  populous  and  commercial 


city  of  Brazil,  60  miles  N.W.  of  Bahia,  on  the  Paragua^u. 
Chief  exports,  tobacco  and  coff"ee.     Pop.  of  district,  15,000. 

Cachoeira,  or  Caxoeira,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  220  miles  N.W.  of  Rio  Grande. 

Cachoeira  Grande,  grin'di,  a  fortified  town  of 
Brazil,  state  of  Para,  on  the  Tocantins.     Pop.  4000. 

Cacongo,  ki-kong'go,  a  town  of  Western  Africa,  in 
Angola,  capital  of  a  petty  state,  35  miles  S.E.  of  Loango. 

Cacouna,  ki'koo'ni',  a  post-village  in  Temiscouata 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  south  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  on 
the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  131  miles  below  Quebec.  It  is 
a  fashionable  watering-place.  The  village  contains  an 
extensive  hotel,  a  smaller  one.  several  cottages,  boarding- 
houses,  handsome  villas,  stores,  and  churches.     Pop.  641. 

Cac'tus,  a  post-village  of  Webb  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  In- 
ternational <fc  Great  Northern  Railroad,  29  miles  N.  of 
Laredo. 

Cactus  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wise  co.,  Tex.,  on 
Trinity  River,  40  miles  N.W.  of  Fort  Worth. 

Cadalen,  kSM4M6N°',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Tarn,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Gaillac.     Pop.  2004. 

Cadaques,  ki-ni'kSs,  a  town  of  Spain,  32  miles  N.E. 
of  Gerona,  with  a  port  on  the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  2530. 

Cad'aret'ta,  a  post-hamlet  of  Webster  co.,  Miss.,  20 
miles  from  Duck  Hill  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Cad'do,  a  parish  forming  the  N.W.  extremity  of 
Louisiana,  has  an  area  of  about  1050  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  Red  River,  and  contains  Soda  Lake, 
which  communicates  with  Caddo  Lfike,  which  is  partly  in 
Texas  and  partly  in  this  county.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating; the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  cattle 
are  the  staples.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Texas  & 
Pacific  Railroad,  and  several  other  lines  which  meet  at 
Shreveport,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  21,714;  in  1880, 
26,296;  in  1890,31,555. 

Caddo,  a  post-village  of  the  Choctaw  Nation,  Indian 
Territory,  31  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Denison,  Tex.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  newspaper  ofiice.  Coal,  lead, 
and  other  minerals  are  found  here.     Pop.  400. 

Caddo,  a  post-village  of  Stephens  co.,  Tex.,  18  miles 
N.  of  Ranger.  It  is  situated  in  a  fine  agricultural  region, 
and  liaa  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Caddo'a,  a  station  in  Bent  co.,  Col.,  on  the  Atchison, 
Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Railroad,  16  miles  E.  of  Las  Animas. 

Caddo  Creek,  or  Fourche  (foorsh)  Caddo,  Ar- 
kansas, drains  part  of  Montgomery  co.,  runs  southeastward 
through  Clark  co.,  and  enters  the  Ouachita  River  about  6 
miles  N.  of  Arkadelphia.     It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Caddo  Gap,  formerly  Centreville,  a  post-village  of 
Montgomery  co..  Ark.,  on  Caddo  Creek,  40  miles  N.W.  of 
Arkadelphia.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Cadao  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co.,  Tex.,  10 
miles  N.  of  Cleburne.     It  h.is  4  churches  and  a  seminary. 

Caddo  Lake  forms  part  of  the  boundary  between 
Marion  and  Harrison  cos.,  "Tex.,  and  is  about  20  miles  long. 
The  eastern  part  of  it  is  in  Caddo  parish.  La.,  and  commu- 
nicates with  Soda  Lake.  These  lakes  are  navigable  by 
steamboats,  which  can  pass  from  them  into  Red  River. 

Caddo  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Hunt  co.,  Tex.,  about 
8  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Greenville.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
newspaper  oflice.     Pop.  500. 

Caddo  Peak,  a  post-office  of  Callahan  co.  Tex. 

Cadenet,  kiMeh-ni',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Vaucluse,  31  miles  S.E.  of  Avignon.     Pop.  2675. 

Cadereita,  ki-di-ri'ti  or  k3,-di-r4'e-ti,  a  town  of 
Mexico,  state  and  42  miles  E.  of  Queretaro.  Pop.  4000. 
In  its  vicinity  silver-mines  are  worked. 

Cad'er-Id'ris,  the  loftiest  mountain  in  Wales,  except 
Snowdon,  is  in  the  county  of  Merioneth,  4  miles  S.  of  Dol- 
gelly.     It  ascends  precipitously  to  a  height  of  2914  feet. 

Caderousse,  ki'deh-rooce',  a  town  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Vaucluse,  on  the  Rhone,  15  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Avignon.     Pop.  3111. 

Cade's,  a  station  in  Williamsburg  co.,  S.C.,  on  the 
Northeastern  Railroad,  72  miles  N.'of  Charleston. 

Cade's  Cove,  a  post-oiRce  of  Blount  co.,  Tenn. 

Cadet,  ka-det',  a  post-ofiice  and  station  of  Washington 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis  <fc  Iron  Mountain  Railroad,  57  miles 
S.S.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  2  churches.  Large  quantities 
of  lead  and  barytes  are  shipped  here. 

Cade'ville,  a  post-office  of  Ouachita  parish,  La. 

Cadillac,  klMee^yik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gironde, 
on  the  Garonne,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  2569. 

Cadillac',  a  city,  the  capital  of  Wexford  co.,  Mich., 
on  Clam  River,  and  on  the  Grand  Rapids  <fc  Indiana  Rail- 
road, at  the  junction  of  the  Cadillac  &  Northeastern  Rail- 
road, 98  miles  N.  of  Grand  Rapids.    It  contains  8  churches, 


CAD 


754 


CAE 


a  bank,  extenilvo  lumber-milla,  foundries,  and  raaohina- 
■hops,  and  manufacture*  of  oigurs,  bricks,  ourriagea,  <fcc. 
Three  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  I'op.  (18tf0) 
4401.     The  plaoe  waa  formerly  called  Clam  Luke. 

Cadiz,  kil'dii  (Sp.  uron.  ki'deeth ;  Fr.  CiuHx,  k&Mecx'; 
anc.  (Jd'iiet),  a  citj  ana  seaport  of  Spain,  capital  of  a  prov- 
ince of  itj)  own  niuno,  on  the  isle  of  Leon,  oft  the  S.W.  coast 
of  Andalusia,  60  miles  N.W.  of  Gibraltar,  and  64  miles  S. 
of  Seville.  Lat.  36"  32'  N. ;  Ion.  6°  17'  15"  W.  It  sUnds 
on  a  narrow  tongue  of  land,  which  projects  about  5  miles 
N.N.W.  into  the  sea;  it  is  surrounded  on  throe  8ides  by 
water,  and  is  strongly  defended  both  by  nature  and  by  art. 
The  entrance  to  its  capacious  bay  is  oommandod  by  forts, 
while  on  the  other  sides  large  vessels  cannot  approach 
within  three-fourths  of  a  mile  of  the  city.  The  city  itself 
is  surrounded  by  walls  of  great  height  and  thickness, 
flanked  with  towers  and  bastions.  It  is  the  terminus  of 
two  railways,  and  is  a  bishop's  see.  The  bouses  are  con- 
structed of  freestone,  generally  of  three,  sometimes  of  four, 
stories,  and  are  often  surmounted  by  lofty  towers.  One  of 
the  most  conspicuous  objects  in  Cadiz  is  the  light-house  of 
San  Sebastian,  172  feet  above  the  ground.  The  principal 
edifices  are  the  old  cathedral,  one  of  the  most  regular  build- 
ings in  Cadiz ;  the  new  cathedral,  of  marble ;  and  several 
nunneries,  convents,  and  theatres. 

Among  benevolent  establishments  may  be  named  tbeCosa 
de  Misericordia,  a  magnificent  hospital  and  lunatic  asylum  ; 
the  female  hospital,  and  numerous  other  hospitals  and  in- 
firmaries; and  the  house  of  refuge  of  San  Servando  and 
San  German,  where  destitute  children  or  young  criminals 
are  instructed.  The  principal  educational  institutions  are 
the  medical  school,  tne  seminary  of  San  Bartolomeo,  sev- 
eral schools,  and  an  academy  of  fine  arts.  The  bay,  which 
is  formed  by  the  peninsula  and  the  mainland,  is  spacious, 
and  affords  good  anchorage.  La  Caraca,  the  royal  dock- 
yard, is  situated  at  the  bottom  of  the  inner  bay,  about  6 
miles  from  the  city,  and  is  defended  by  the  cross-fire  of 
two  forts.  It  contains  three  spacious  basins  and  twelve 
docks  or  slips.  The  trade  of  Cadiz  is  less  extensive  than 
formerly.  The  chief  article  exported  is  sherry  wine.  Salt 
is  another  article  of  export.  The  chief  imports  are  staves, 
tobacco,  bides,  cacao,  indigo,  cochineal,  dyewoods,  sugar, 
codfish,  and  coals. 

Cadiz  was  founded  by  the  Phoenicians,  and  early  became 
a  commercial  town  of  great  importance.  It  fell  into  the 
hands  of  the  Carthaginians  in  the  first  Punic  War;  in  the 
second  Punic  War  it  voluntarily  surrendered  to  the  Romans. 
Its  inhabitants  received  the  Roman  franchise  from  Julius 
Csesar.  The  city  has  been  often  besieged.  It  was  taken 
in  1596  by  Lord  Essex.     In  1823  it  surrendered  to  the 

French.      Pop.  65,000. Adj.  and  inhab.  Gadita'nian 

(Sp.  Gaditano,  gi-De-ti'no). 

Cadiz,  one  of  the  three  provinces  into  which  the  ancient 
kingdom  of  Seville,  in  Spain,  has  been  divided.  It  is 
bounded  N.  by  the  provinces  of  Huelva  and  Seville,  E.  by 
Malaga,  and  S.  and  W.  by  the  Strait  of  Gibraltar  and  the 
Atlantic.    Area,  2816  square  miles.     Pop.  426,499. 

Cadiz,  ka'diz,  a  post- village  of  Henry  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Harrison  township,  6  miles  from  New  Castle,  and  about  36 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded 
school,. a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  tile-factory. 

Cadiz,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Trigg  co.,  Ky.,  on  Lit- 
tle River,  about  55  miles  E.S.E.  of  Paducah,  and  9  miles  E. 
of  the  Cumberland  River.  It  has  5  churches,  2  seminaries, 
a  flour-mill,  and  manufactures  of  furniture,  ploughs,  wagons, 
<tc.     A  weekly  newspaper  is  issued  here.     Pop.  1000. 

Cadiz,  a  post-village  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Ischua 
Creek,  about  48  miles  S.S.E.  of  Buffalo,  and  H  miles  from 
Franklinville  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
lumber-mill. 

Cadiz,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Harrison  co.,  0.,  in 
Cadiz  township,  about  44  miles  S.S.E.  of  Canton,  and  22 
miles  N.W.  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va.  It  is  surrounded  by  a 
fertile  country,  which  is  moderately  hilly  and  contains 
mines  of  bituminous  coal.  It  is  the  southern  terminus  of 
the  Cadiz  Branch  of  the  Pittsburg  &  Columbus  Railroad. 
It  has  2  national  banks,  4  or  5  churches,  a  union  school,  and 
a  savings-bank.  Three  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1716;  of  the  township,  3041. 

Cadiz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Green  co.;  Wis.,  in  Cadiz  town- 
ship, 10  miles  S.W.  of  Monroe.  It  has  a  church.  The 
township  is  traversed  by  the  Pecatonica  River.     Pop.  1349. 

Cadiz,  k&'diz,  a  small  town  of  South  America,  in  Ven- 
ezuela, on  the  S.  coast  of  the  island  of  Cubagua. 

Cadiz  Junction,  a  village  in  German  township,  Har- 
rison CO.,  0.,  on  the  Pitt«bui-g,  Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis  Rail- 
road, at  the  junction  of  the  Cadiz  Branch,  25  miles  W.  of 


Steubenville,  and  8  miles  N.  of  Cadiz.    It  has  a  ohai«!k  I 
The  name  of  the  post-ofHco  is  Means. 

Cad'mus,  a  pust-office  of  Linn  co.,  Kansas. 

Cadonius,  or  CndomuD),  the  Lutin  for  Caeit. 

Cadore.  k&-do'r&,  or  Picve  di  Cadorc,  pe-JL'vi 
doe  k&-do'ra,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  on  the  Piave,  224 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Belluno.  Pop.  3164.  In  1797  the  French 
here  gained  a  victory  over  the  Austrians. 

Cadosia,  ka-do'she-a),  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  oo.| 
N.Y.,  on  the  Midland  Railroad,  near  Ilunoock  Station. 

Cado8ia  Summit,  a  station  in  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  os 
the  Midland  Railroad,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Walton. 

Ca^dott',  a  ]>ost-town  of  Chippewa  co.,  Wis.,  13  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Chippewa  Falls.  It  has  4  eburches,  a  high 
school,  and  manufactures  of  hubs  and  spokes  and  staves, 
Ac.     Pop.  750. 

Cadotte  (k^-dfif)  Pass,  Montana,  is  in  Deer  Lodge 
CO.,  about  lat.  47°  N.,  and  40  miles  N.W.  of  Helena.  It  is 
a  depression  in  the  main  range  of  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

Cadron  Creek,  Arkansas,  runs  southwestward,  drains 
parts  of  Conway  and  Faulkner  cos.,  and  enters  the  Arkan- 
sas  River  about  12  miles  E.  of  Lewisburg. 

Cadsand,  k&t-s&nt',  Cadzand,  k&d-z&nt',  or  Cas> 
sandria,  kis-s&n'dre-&  (Ital.  Oazzuute,  g&d-z&n'ti),  an 
island  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Zealand,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
West  Scheldt,  with  a  town  of  the  same  name,  5  miles  N.  of 
Sluis.     Pop.  1192. 

Cadvaionga,  Philippines.    See  Catbalogan. 

CadAVal'lader,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.,  in 
Perry  township,  40  miles  S.  of  Canton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Ca'dy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Macomb  co.,  Mich.,  in  Clinton 
township,  2  miles  from  Frazer  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a 
church,  a  store,  and  a  hotel. 

Cady  Mills,  a  post-village  of  St.  Crois  co.,  Wis.,  in 
Cady  township,  3  miUsS.  of  Hersey  Railroad  Station,  which 
is  about  28  miles  E.  of  Hudson.  It  has  manufactures  of 
lumber  and  shingles.     Pop.  771. 

Cadyna,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Nigdeb. 

Ca'dy's  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lamoille  co.,  Vt.,  on 
the  Lamoille  River,  1  mile  S.  of  Hyde  Park. 

Cadytis,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Jeuusalem. 

Ca'dyville,  or  Jsrsinorc',  a  post-village  of  Clinton 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Phvttsburg  township,  on  the  Saranao  River,  10 
miles  W.  of  Plattsburg.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  lumber  and  iron. 

Caccina,  the  ancient  name  of  Cecina. 

Caen,  k6N»(L.  Cudo'muaor  C«rfo'nittm),acity  of  France, 
capital  of  the  department  of  Calvados  (Normandy),  148 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Paris,  in  a  valley,  at  the  confluence  of  the 
Orne  with  the  Odon,  10  miles  from  the  English  Channel, 
and  at  the  terminus  of  a  railway.  Lat.  49°  11'  12"  N. ; 
Ion.  0°  21'  W.  The  streets  are  broad,  regular,  and  clean. 
The  town  is  traversed  by  a  canal  supplied  by  the  Odon  and 
employed  to  drive  the  machinery  of  numerous  manufac- 
tories. The  houses  are  generally  well  built,  of  an  excellent 
freestone  which  is  extensively  quarried  in  the  vicinity  and 
exported  to  foreign  countries  under  the  name  of  Caen  stone 
The  public  walks  are  beautiful,  especially  the  Cours,  a  splen- 
did avenue  about  a  mile  in  length.  Caen  has  numerous 
fine  churches  and  other  buildings,  which  are  admirable 
specimens  of  the  Norman  style  of  architecture.  Among 
these  are  the  cathedral  of  St.  Etienne,  ovAhbaye  mix  Hovimet; 
containing  the  tomb  of  William  the  Conqueror,  who  founded 
it  in  1066;  the  church  of  the  Trinity,  or  the  Abbaye  aux 
Dames,  founded  by  Matilda,  wife  of  William  the  Conqueror, 
in  1066 ;  and  the  church  of  St.  Nicholas.  One  of  the  finest 
churches  in  Caen  is  that  of  St.  Pierre,  whose  tower,  as  well 
as  part  of  the  nave  and  the  three  porches,  was  built  in  1308. 
Other  buildings  and  institutions  are  the  hotel  of  the  pr6- 
fecture,  in  the  Italian  style;  the  Palais  de  Justice,  the 
remains  of  the  castle  built  by  William  the  Conqueror ;  the 
H6tel-Dieu ;  the  HOtel  Valois ;  the  public  library,  with 
50,000  volumes;  museum,  cabinet  of  natural  history,  botan- 
ical garden,  cusiom-house,  <tc.  Caen  is  the  seat  of  a  court 
of  first  resort,  and  of  commerce,  an  academy  of  arts  and 
sciences,  an  acadinue  univeraitaire,  with  faculties  of  sci- 
ences, literature,  and  law,  a  school  of  medicine,  sehotl  of 
hydrography,  deaf  and  dumb  institution,  normal  school, 
school  of  design,  and  other  institutions  for  the  promotion 
of  the  arts,  sciences,  and  literature. 

Caen  has  manufactures  of  hats,  lace,  flannels,  linen,  cotton 
goods,  gloves,  shot,  porcelain,  leather,  paper-hangings,  cut- 
lery, oils,  Ac. ;  some  ship-building  is  also  carried  on.  There 
is  a  considerable  trade  in  grain,  wine,  brandy,  cider,  clover- 
seed,  hemp,  cattle  and  horses,  fish,  salt  provisions,  ironj 
steel,  hardware,  and  grindstottes.  Nothing  certain  is  known 
of  the  origin  of  Caen.    In  912,  when  Neustria  was  ceded  to 


bm 


755 


CAII 


the  Normans,  it  was  a  place  of  importance.  William  the 
Conqueror,  and  his  wife  Matilda,  adorned  it  with  many 
edifices.  It  became  the  capital  of  Lower  Normandy.  In 
1346  it  was  talcen  and  pillaged  by  Edward  HI.  of  England. 
It  was  again  taken  by  the  English  in  1417,  and  wrested 
from  them  in  1450  by  Dunois.     Pop.  in  1891,  45,201. 

CiEne^  an  ancient  name  of  Senn. 

Caenepolis,  the  ancient  name  of  Keneh. 

Cacnys,  the  ancient  name  of  Cape  Cavallo. 

Caer,  ki'er  (Celtic,  "a  castle").  For  names  with  this 
prefix,  not  mentioned  below,  see  Car. 

Caer-Caradoc,  k§r-ka-rad'<jk,  or  Crad'ock-Hill, 
in  England,  co.  of  Salop,  is  near  the  confluence  of  the  Clun 
and  the  Teond.  On  it  are  the  vestiges  of  the  camp  which  the 
celebrated  Caractacus  defended  against  the  Roman  general 
Ostorius,  and  whence  its  name  is  derived. 

Caerdiff,  a  borough  of  Wales.    See  Caiidiff. 

Caerdydd,  the  Welsh  for  Cardiff. 

Caere,  the  ancient  name  for  Cervetere. 

Cacrgwrle,  kar-goor'li,  a  borough  of  Wales,  co.  of 
Flint,  5  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Wrexham.     Pop.  860. 

Caergybi,  a  town  of  Wales.     See  Holyhead. 

Caerlav'erock,  or  Carlav'erock,  a  parish  of  Scot- 
land, CO.  and  5  miles  S.S.E.  of  Dumfries,  on  the  Solway 
Firth.  Here  is  Caerlaverock  Castle,  the  ruined  seat  of  the 
Maxwells,  described  in  Scott's  "Guy  Mannering." 

Caerleou,  k^rMe'on  {i.e.,  "castle  of  the  legion;"  aiic. 
fs'ca  Siln'rum),  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Monmouth,  on 
the  Usk,  2i  miles  N.E.  of  Newport.  It  is  interesting  as  the 
ancient  cajjital  of  Britannia  Secunda  (modern  Wales),  and 
as  having  been  a  place  of  importance  in  the  twelfth  century. 
Various  Roman  antiquities  have  been  discovered  in  and 
around  the  town.  Caerleon  is  famous  as  one  of  the  tra- 
ditional capitals  of  King  Arthur's  realms.     Pop.  1411. 

Cacrmarthen,  in  South  Wales.     See  Carmarthen. 

Caernarvon,  a  town  of  North  Wales.    See  Carnarvon. 

Caernarvon,  a  township  of  Berks  co..  Pa.     Pop.  927. 

Caernarvon,  a  township  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.  Pop. 
1566.     It  contains  Churchtown. 

Caer- Odor,  the  ancient  British  name  of  Bristol. 

Caer-Peris,  the  ancient  name  of  Portchester. 

Caeri)hilly,  kar-fil'lee  or  kar-fith'lee,  a  town  of  Wales, 
CO.  of  Glamorgan,  7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cardiff.     Pop.  6.34. 

Caerwy^,  kir'wis,  a  town  of  Wales,  co.  of  Flint,  on  a 
railway,  4i  miles  S.W.  of  Holyvyell.     Pop.  804. 

Cacsaraugusta,  the  ancient  name  of  Saragossa. 

CsEsar  (or  Cesar,  see'z§r)  Creek,  a  township  of 
Dearborn  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  656. 

CiBsarea,  ses-^-rce'a,  Kaisareeyeh,  orKaisariah, 
kl-si-ree'a,  a  small  haven  of  Palestine,  in'lat.  32°  23'  N., 
ion.  34°  44'  E.,  55  miles  N.N.W.  of  Jerusalem.  It  is  now 
a  mass  of  sliapeless  ruins,  encompassed  by  a  low  wall  of 
gray  stone.  Water  being  good  and  abundant,  coasting- 
vessels  often  put  in  here.  The  ancient  city  was  founded  by 
Herod  the  Great,  B.C.  22,  and  was  the  scene  of  several  inter- 
esting events  mentioned  in  Scripture.  In  a.d.  635  the 
Saracens  captured  it,  and  they  retained  the  place  till  1101, 
when  it  was  taken  by  the  Crusaders.  Caesarea  was  also  the 
ancient  name  of  the  modern  city  of  Kaisareeyeh. 

Cajsarea,  a  post-village  in  Durham  co.„Ontario,  IS 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Bowmanville.     Pop.  200. 

Ca^sarea,  the  ancient  name  of  Cherchell. 

Caesarea,  an  ancient  name  of  Jersey. 

Caesarea  Augusta,  the  ancient  name  of  Ain-Zarba. 

CaEsarea  Philippi,  the  ancient  name  of  Paneas. 

Caj.saris  Mons,  the  Latin  name  of  Kaiserberg. 

Caisarodunum,  the  ancient  name  of  Tours. 

Cajsaroniagus,  an  ancient  name  of  Beauvais. 

Caesar's  (see'zerz)  Creek,  rises  towards  the  S.W.  part 
of  Ohio,  and  enters  the  Little  Miami  in  Warren  co. 

Caesar's  Creek,  township,  Greene  co.,  0.    Pop.  1114. 

Caesarville,  see'zer-vil,  a  hamlet  of  Johnston  town- 
ship. Providence  co.,  R.I.,  2  miles  from  Manton. 

Caffa,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Kaffa. 

Cattarelli  (kif-fi-rSl'lee)  Islands,  a  part  of  the  Buc- 
caneer Archipelago,  at  the  entrance  of  King's  Sound.  Lat. 
16°  3'  S.  ;  Ion.  123°  16'  E. 

Catf  raria,  a  country  of  Africa.     See  Kaffraria. 

Catt'ristan,  a  country  of  Asia.    See  Kafiristan. 

Cafsa,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Gafsa. 

Cagayan,  ki-ghl-in',  an  extensive  province  at  the  N. 
extremity  of  the  island  of  Luzon.     Pop.  about  90,000. 

Cagnyanes,  ki-ghi-3,'n5s,  a  group  of  small  islands  in 
the  Sooloo  Sea.     Lat.  9°  35'  30"  N. ;  Ion.  121°  15'  30"  E. 

Cagayan-Sooloo,  ki-ghl-in'-sooMoo',  or  Cagayan 
de  Jolo,  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  in  the  Soo- 
loo Sea.     Lat.  6°  58'  5"  N. ;  Ion.  118°  28'  11"  E. 


Ca'gel's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Pope  c  ,  Ark. 

Cagc'ville,  a  former  name  of  Alamo,  Tenn. 

Caggiano,  kld-ji'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Salerno,  14  miles  N.  of  Diano.     Pop.  4245. 

eagle's  (ka'gl'z)  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph 
CO.,  N.C,  11  miles  from  Troy.  It  has  6.  grist-mill  and  a 
saw-mill. 

Cagli,  kJLl'yee,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Marches,  13 
miles  S.  of  Urbino,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Bosso  and  Can- 
tiano.  It  has  a  trade  in  tanned  and  dressed  leather.  Re- 
mains of  the  ancient  Callis  have  been  discovered  near  it,  but 
the  modern  town  dates  from  the  thirteenth  century.  It  is  » 
bishop's  see.     Pop.  10,213. 

Cagliari,  kil'yi-re  (anc.  Car'nlia  or  Cal'aris),  a  city, 
the  capital  of  the  island  of  Sardinia,  on  an  extensive  bay 
of  its  S.  coast.  Lat.  of  the  tower  of  St.  Pancracio,  39°  13' 
14"  N.,  Ion.  9°  7'  48"  E.  The  ancient  city,  situated  on  a 
low  hill,  comprises  the  citadel,  viceregal  palace,  cathedral, 
and  most  of  the  residences  of  the  nobility.  The  Marina, 
extending  to  the  shore,  is  a  well-built  quarter,  containing 
the  dwellings  of  most  of  the  merchants  and  foreign  consuls, 
with  warehouses,  arsenal,  lazaretto,  and  mole.  The  town  is 
the  southeastern  terminus  of  a  system  of  railways.  Cagli- 
ari has  about  30  churches,  u])wards  of  20  convents,  hospitals, 
a  female  orphan  asylum,  a  public  library  with  22,000  vol- 
umes, college,  university,  theatre,  mint,  several  museuuis, 
and  prisons.  Its  harbor  is  one  of  the  safest  in  the  Medi- 
terranean. Cagliari  has  manufactures  of  cotton  fabrics, 
cake  saffron,  gunpowder,  soap,  furniture,  leather,  <tc.  It 
exports  grain,  vegetables,  salt,  oil,  wine,  cheese,  flax,  hides, 
saffron,  and  rags.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  royal  court,  of  a  tri- 
bunal of  commerce,  and  the  residence  of  the  viceroy  and 
of  an  archbishop.  Pop.  33,039.  It  has  remains  of  a  Roman 
amphitheatre  and  of  an  aqueduct,  and  some  vestiges  of  the 
Greek  city  founded  before  the  Roman  dominion. 

Cagliari,  a  province  of  Italy,  comprising  the  southern 
part  (more  than  half)  of  the  island  of  Sardinia.  Area, 
6224  square  miles.     Capital,  Cagliari.     Pop.  393,208. 

Cagnano,  kin-yi'no,  a  town  of  Itiily,  province  of 
Foggia,  on  the  Garganian  Promontory,  25  miles  N.E.  of 
Foggia.     Pop.  4135. 

Cagnano,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  10  miles  N.W. 
of  Aquila.  •  Pop.  2180. 

Cagnes,  kiii,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Vftr, 
near  the  Mediterranean,  10  miles  W.  of  Nice.     Pop.  1928. 

Cagsana,  kig-si'ni,  a  town  of  the  Philippines,  prov- 
ince of  Albay,  near  the  S.  extremity  of  Luzon. 

Caguan,  k3,-gw5,n',  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Colombia, 
department  of  Cundinamarca,  on  the  Caguan  River,  a  trib- 
utary of  the  Japura,  120  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bogota. 

Cahaba,  a  river  of  Alabama.    See  Cahawba. 

Cahabou,  Cajabon,  or  Caxabon,  ki-ni-von',  a 
town  of  Guatemala,  province  of  Vera  Paz,  on  the  Rio  Dulce, 
25  miles  N.E.  of  Coban.     Pop.  6000. 

Cahaw'ba,  a  river  of  Alabama,  drains  parts  of  Jeffer- 
son and  Shelby  cos.  It  runs  southwestward  through  Bibb 
CO.,  and  southward  through  Perry  co.,  and  enters  the  Ala- 
bama River  at  Cahawba  in  Dallas  co.  It  is  about  200  miles 
long,  and  is  navigable  for  small  boats.  Coal  is  found  in  its 
basin. 

Cahawba,  or  Cahaba,  ka-haw'ba,  a  decayed  post- 
village  of  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Alabama  River,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Cahawba  River,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Selma.  It 
has  3  churches  and  several  artesian  wells.  Cotton  is  shipped 
here  in  steamboats.     Pop.  431. 

Cahete,  kl-k'tk,  or  Villanova  da  Rainha,  veel- 
li-no'vi  di  ri-een'yi,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  Minas-Geraes, 
25  miles  S.E.  of  Sahara.     Pop.  6000. 

Cahide,  kJ.-ee'dd,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Minho,  30 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Oporto. 

Cahir,  or  Caher,  kih'h^r  or  kare,  a  small  island  near 
Ireland,  co.  of  Mayo,  4i  miles  from  the  shore. 

Cahir,  or  Caher,  an  island  of  Ireland,  3i  miles  S.  of 
Clare  Island. 

Cahir,  or  Caher,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Tipperary, 
on  the  Suir,  6  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Clonmel.     Pop.  2694. 

Cahirciveen,  or  Cahirsiveen,  kah'h?r-se-veen',  a 
town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kerry,  2i  miles  E.N.E.  of  Valentia. 
Pop.  1925. 

Cahirconlish,  kah'h?r-kon'Iish,  a  village  of  Ireland, 
CO.  and  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Limerick.     Pop.  432. 

Cahirconree,  kah'her-con-ree',  a  mountain  of  Irehtnd, 
CO.  of  Kerry,  on  the  isthmus  between  Tralee  Bay  and  Caa- 
tlemains  Harbor.     Height,  2784  feet. 

Cahla,  Kahia,  k&'l^,  or  Kable,  kft'la,  a  villngp  of 
Germany,  in  Saxe-Altenburg,  15  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of 
Rudolstadt.     Pop.  2781. 


CAU 


756 


OAl 


tuliucs,  ur  CahooSf  New  Yurk.  Soo  CoHOBS. 
I'ulio'ka,  Clarke  uo.,  Mu.  See  Kahuka. 
ruho'kia,  a  post-villago  of  St.  Clair  co.,  111.,  on  the, 
Cairo  i  St.  Louis  lUilroiid,  anv\  on  the  Mississippi  River,' 
<  miles  from  East  St.  Louis,  is  inhiibitod  by  rlesccndantfi 
jit  the  French,  who  settled  hero  in  U)82.  In  tlie  vicinity ^^ 
Are  many  remurkablo  mounds  of  prehisturio  dnto. 

Cahukia  Creek,  Illinois,  rises  in  Macoupin  co.,  runs' 
•outhwostward  through  Madison  co.,  and  enters  the  Missis- 
sippi Kivor  at  East  St.  Louis,  opposite  St.  Louis,  Mo.  It 
is  about  SO  miles  long. 

Cahors,  k&'oit'  (anc.  Divo'na),  a  town  of  France,  oapi-| 
tal  of  the  department  of  Lot,  on  a  rocky  peninsula,  almost 
enclosed  by  the  river  Lot,  and  on  a  railway,  60  miles  N.  of 
Toulouse.  The  principal  edifices  are  a  cathedral,  a  vast 
metliioval  building  with  two  cupolas,  the  prefecture,  theatre, 
a  public  library  containing  15,000  volumes,  and  three  re- 
markable towers  on  one  of  the  bridges.  Cuhors  is  the  seat 
of  an  ucadimie,  a  national  college,  normal  school,  and  cham- 
bers of  commerce  and  manufactures.  It  has  manufactures 
of  woollens,  cotton  yarn,  leather,  paper,  and  stoneware,  an 
active  trade  in  wines,  brandy,  truffles,  Ac.  Cahors  is  sup- 
poi^ed  to  have  been  the  capital  of  the  Cadurci  oefore  the 
conquest  of  Qaul  by  CsBsar.  It  is  a  bishop's  see.  Pop.  13,061. 
Cah'to,  a  post-village  of  Mendocino  co  ,  Cul.,  in  a  fine 
grazing  section,  45  miles  N.  of  Ukiah  and  25  miles  E.  of 
Westport.  Pop.  250. 
Caiasso,  or  Caiazzo.  See  Ca.iazzo. 
Caibarien,  ki-b&-re-dn',  or  Puerto  de  Caibarient 
pw^K'to  da  ki-bi-re-fln',  a  seaport  on  the  N.  coast  of  Cuba, 
5  miles  from  Remedios,  to  which  and  to  Espiritu  Santo  a 
railway  extends.     Pop.  about  7500. 

Caicos,  or  CaycoS)  ki'koce,  a  group  of  islands,  ge- 
ographically a  part  of  the  Bahamas,  but  politically  with 
Turk's  Islands  a  dependency  of  Jamaica.     They  are  sepa- 
rated by  Caicos  Passage  from  Maiuguana,  and  by  Turk's 
Islands  Passage  from  Turk's  Islands  (which  see).    P.  2846. 
Caicus,  the  ancient  name  of  Bakeer-Chai. 
Caieta,  Cajeta,  ancient  names  of  Gaeta. 
CaiU'a,  a  town  of  Palestine.     See  Haifa. 
Cai-Fong,  a  city  of  China.     See  Kai-Fong. 
Caihapuyas,  a  town  of  Peru.     See  Chachapoyas. 
Cailas,  a  mountain-region  of  Thibet.     See  Kailas. 
Caillonia,  or  Caylloma,  kil-yo'mfl,  a  town  of  Peru, 
eapitiil  of  a  province  of  its  own  name,  department  and  85 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Arequipa. 

Caillou  (k4-yoo'  or  kairioo')  Lake,  Louisiana,  is  in 
Terre  Bonne  parish,  about  2  miles  N.  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 
The  Grand  Caillou  Bayou  runs  through  this  lake  (which  is 
10  miles  long)  into  the  Gulf. 

Caimauera,  krm4-n^'R&,  a  port  of  Cuba,  on  Cumber- 
land Harbor,  is  connected  by  railway  with  Guantanamo,  15 
miles  distant,  of  which  place  it  is  the  port.  Vessels  of  any 
draught  Ciin  enter  the  harbor,  and  those  of  14  feet  can  lie  at 
the  wharf  and  receive  their  lading  from  the  railway-cars. 
It  is  a  healthy  place. 
Caimau  Islands.  See  Caymans. 
Cain,  a  post-town  of  Rice  co.,  Kansas,  21  miles  by  rail 
N.W.  of  Lyons.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and  an  acad- 
emy.    Pop.  in  1890,  83. 

Cainesville,  kanz'vll,  a  post-village  in  Madison  town- 
ship, Harrison  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Crooked  Fork  of  Grand 
River,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Princeton,  and  24  miles  by  rail  S. 
of  Leon,  Iowa.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  high  school, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  furniture,  lumber, 
Ac.     Pop.  418;  of  the  township,  1437. 

Cain^hoy'  (AVando  Post-Office),  a  village  of  Charleston 
eo.,  S.C,  on  the  Wando  River,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Charleston. 
It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  318. 

Caino,  ki'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  9  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Brescia.     Pop.  761. 

Cain's,  kanz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gwinnett  co.,  Ga.,  8 
miles  E.  of  Buford  Railroad  Station. 

Cain's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  6  miles 
N.W.  of  Coatesville. 

Cain's,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1007. 
Cain's  River,  a  stream  issuing  from  York  co..  New 
Brunswick,  falls  into   the   Miramichi  14  miles  above  the 
mouth  of  the  Bartholomew.     Length,  about  100  miles. 

Cain's  River,  a  post-village  in  Northumberland  co.. 
New  Brunswick,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Newcastle.     Pop.  100. 
Cain's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ky. 
Cainsville,  kanz'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilson  co.,  Tenn., 
13  miiCS  N.E.  of  Murfreesborough.     It  has  2  churches. 

Cainsville,  or  Cayuga  Heights,  a  post-village  in 
Brant  co.,  Ontario,  on  Grand  River,  3  miles  by  rail  E.  of 
Brantford.     Pop.  300. 


Caiu'town,  a  post-village  in  Leeds  oo.,  Ontario,  4 
miles  from  Mallory town.   It  contains  a  saw-uiill.   Pop.  260, 

Cain'villc,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rock  co.,  Wis.,  in  Mag. 
nolia  township,  on  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad, 
27  miles  S.  of  Madison.     It  has  2  churches. 

Caiplia,  a  town  of  Syria.     See  Haifa. 

^a  Ira,  si  ce-ril',  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  oo., 
Va.,  on  Willis  River,  60  miles  W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  • 
church. 

Cairiris,  kl-re-reece',  or  Jabitaca,  zh&-bo-t&'ki,  a 
mountain-range  of  Brazil,  province  of  Pcrnambuco,  form- 
ing the  N.  boundary  of  the  basin  of  the  Sao  Francisco. 
Length,  about  300  miles. 

Cairiris  Novos,  ki-re-rceco'  no'voce,  a  mountain- 
range  of  Brazil,  forming  part  of  the  boundary  between  the 
provinces  of  Rio  Grande  do  Norte  and  Parahyba. 

Cairiris  Velhos,  ki-re-reece'  vfil'yoce,  a  mountain- 
range  of  Brazil,  forming  part  of  the  boundary  between  the 
states  of  Rio  Grande  do  Norte  iind  I'arahyba. 

Cairiris  Velhos,  ki-rc-reece'  vSI'yoce,  a  mountain- 
range  of  Brazil,  forming  part  of  the  boundary  between  the 
states  of  Parahyba  and  Pernambuco. 

Cairn'aple,  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Linlithgow, 
Height,  1498  feet. 

Cairney  (kire'nce)  Hill,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Fife,  3  miles  W.  of  Dunfermline.     Pop.  435. 

Cairn^gorm',  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  cos.  of  Banff 
and  Moray,  4095  feet  above  the  sea.  It  is  snow-capped  for 
the  greater  part  of  the  year,  and,  among  other  minerals, 
produces  the  topazes  known  as  "  Cairngorm  stones." 

Cairngorm,  or  iUount  Hope,  also  called  Katcs- 
ville,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  9  wiles 
S.W.  of  Strathroy.     Pop.  150. 

Cairo,  ki'ro  ( F!l  Masr,  el  mis'r,  or  Musr,  of  the  Egyp- 
tians, properly  Mi»r ;   El  Kahireh,  el  ki'he-ri,  "  the  vic- 
torious," of  the  Arabs;  Fr.  Le  Caire,  l?h  kaiR),  the  eap- 
itiil city  of  Egypt,  and  seat  of  government,  near  the  right 
bank  of  the  Nile,  and  5  miles  from   the   commencement 
of   its  Delta.      Lat.   30°   2'  4"  N.;    Ion.    31°  15'  30"  E. 
Pop.  in  1882,  368,108.     Climate  healthy;  the  heat  is  great 
in  summer,  the  temperature  moderate  in  winter.    Mean  tem- 
perature of  the  year  72°. 2,  of  winter  58°. 5,  of  summer  85°,1 
Fahr.  It  never  snows,  and  very  seldom  rains,  but  dew  is  abun- 
dant.   The  city  proper  is  built  on  a  slope  at  the  foot  of  one 
of  the  lowest  ridges  of  the  chain  of  Jebel  Mokattem,  and  is 
the  largest  and  most  populous  city  in  Egy])t.     It  is  the 
chief  centre  of  Mohammedan  learning,  and  in  architecture 
and  general  appearance  is  one  of  the  most  characteristic  of  \ 
Oriental   cities.     The   newer  portions  are  chiefly  built  in  J 
European  style,  .with  wide  streets   and  boulevards.     Thefl 
city  is  the  terminus  of  several  railways,  and  is  provided  J 
with  gas  and  an  abundant  water-supply.     The  old  parts  of  J 
the  town  have  narrow  and  crooked  streets,  and  are  ill  kept  'I 
and   badly   paved;    but   there   are  hundreds  of  beautiful  I 
mosques,  and  many  old  residences  of  great  elegance.    CairO;  I 
is  divided  into   10  quarters,  communicating  by  gateways.  J 
The   highest  part  of  the   ridge  is  occupied  by  a  citadel,," 
which  contains  the  arsenal,  mint,  and  public  offices.     The^ 
ciUadel  is  comm.-inded  by  forts  placed  on  the  extremity  of  I 
the  chain  of  Mokattem.    The  principal  suburbs  are  Boolak 
and  El  Masr^Aatik  or  Old  Cairo.  ^ 

Among  the  institutions  of  Cairo  are  the  old  Mohammedan 
university,  with  over  11,000  students  ;  professional,  mission, 
and  other  schools  in  great  numbers,  many  of  them  sustained, 
and  others  assisted,  by  government;  a  number  of  hospitals 
and  asylums ;  the  palaces  of  the  khedive,  the  public  offices, 
and  some  fine  hotels  kept  by  Europeans.  In  the  suburbs 
are  numerous  manufactories.  The  commerce  of  Cairo  is  large, 
the  town  being  the  great  entrepot  of  the  Central  African  trade 
by  way  of  the  Nile  and  the  railways. 

The  present  city  was  founded  by  the  Arabs  about  a.d. 
970;  its  citadel  was  built  by  Saladin  in  1176;  it  was  the 
capital  of  the  sultans  of  Egypt  till  the  time  of  the  Turkish  J 
conquest  in  1507;  since  that  time  it  lias  been  the  residence 
of  the  pashas,  governors  of  the  province;  it  was  taken  by 
the  French  in  1798,  and  held  by  them  for  3i  years.- 
Adj.  and  inhab.  Cairine,  ki-reen' ;  Arab.  Mijs'ree. 

Cairo,  ki'ro  (anc.  Cu'rium),  a  town  of  Italy,  12  miles  by  j 
rail  W.N.W.  of  Savona,  on  the  Bormida.  Pop.  3641.  The  ] 
French  here  gained  a  victory  over  the  Austrians  in  1794. 

Cairo,  ka'ro,  a  post-village  of  Thomas  co.,  Ga.,  14  miles  | 
by  rail  W.  of  Thomasville.    It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,! 
an  academy,  a  newsp.iper  office,  and  manufactures  of  brick. 
Pop.  521 ;  of  the  township,  2966. 

Cairo,  a  city  of  Illinois,  the  capital  of  Alexander  co.,] 
is  situated  at  the  southern  extremity  of  the  state,  on  a  low  J 
point  of  land  at  the  confluence  of  the  Mississippi  and  Ohio] 


CAl 


757 


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Rivers,  about  180  miles  below  St.  Louis,  and  365  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  is  an  important  railroad  centre  and 
terminus,  and  bus  considerable  steamboat  trnflSc.  The  rail- 
roads N.  and  S.  of  the  Ohio  River  are  connected  vfith  the 
city  by  a  steel  bridge,  erected  in  1888  at  a  cost  of  $3,000,000, 
while  passengers  are  carried  across  the  Mississippi  in  steam- 
boats. The  site  of  Cairo  was  subject  to  inundations,  which 
retarded  its  growth,  until  it  was  protected  by  a  levee  built 
at  great  expense.  The  position  is  very  advantageous  for 
trade  and  navigation,  and  the  town  has  increased  rapidly 
since  1860.  It  contains  2  national  banks,  a  stone  custom- 
house which  cost  $271,260,  9  churches,  and  a  convent  and 
Catholic  academy.  Three  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.  t>uring  the  civil  war  Cairo  was  a  depot 
for  supplies  and  an  important  military  point.  Pop.  in  1860, 
2188:  in  1870,  6267;  in  1880,  9011;  in  1890,  10,324. 

Cairo,  a  post-village  of  Louisa  co.,  Iowa,  8  miles  W. 
by  N.  from  Wapello.     It  has  a  church  and  3  stores. 

Cairo,  a  post-village  of  Pratt  co.,  Kansas,  10  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Pratt,  and  11  miles  (direct)  E.S.E.  of  luka.  It 
has  3  church  organizations,  a  roller  flour-mill,  &o. 

Cairo,  a  post-village  of  Henderson  co.,  Ky.,  11  miles 
from  the  Ohio  River,  and  11  miles  S.  of  Henderson.  It  has 
several  church  organizations,  an  academy,  a  steam  grist- 
mill, &c. 

Cairo,  a  post-village  of  Randolph  co..  Mo.,  16  miles  by 
fa,i\  S.  of  Macon  City.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school, 
and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  of  Cairo  township,  1334. 

Cairo,  a  post-village  of  Hall  co..  Neb.,  16  miles  by  rail 
N.W.  of  Grand  Island.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  175. 

Cairo,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Cairo 
township,  6  miles  from  the  Catskill  Mountains,  10  miles 
from  Catskill  Station,  and  about  30  miles  S.S.W.  of  Albany, 
It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  oBice,  a  paper- 
mill,  and  manufactures  of  soft  drinks.  Pop.  573.  The 
township  is  traversed  by  Catskill  Creek,  has  3  flouring-mills, 
and  presents  beautiful  mountain-scenery.    Total  pop.  2191. 

Cairo,  Allen  co.,  0.    See  West  Cairo. 

Cairo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stark  co.,  0.,  7  miles  N.  of 
Canton.     It  has  a  church. 

Cairo,  or  Uniontown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.. 
Pa.,  in  Gregg  township,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Sus- 
quehanna River,  at  Allenwood  Station  on  the  Catawissa  & 
Williamsport  Railroad,  22  miles  below  Williamsport.  It  has 
2  churches.     Its  postoflaoe  is  Allenwood. 

Cairo,  a  post- village  of  Crockett  co.,  Tenn.,  10  miles  N. 
of  Bell's  Depot.     It  has  an  academy,  3  or  4  churches,  Ac. 

Cairo,  a  decayed  village  of  Sumner  co.,  Tenn.,  5  miles 
S.E.  of  Gallatin. 

Cairo,  a  post-oflSee  of  Jasper  co.,  Tex. 

Cairo,  a  post-village  of  Ritchie  co.,  AV.  Va.,  on  the  Bal- 
timore &  Ohio  Railroad,  29  miles  E.  of  Parkersburg.  It 
has  4  churches  and  a  normal  school.     Pop.  about  300. 

Cairo  Forge,  a  hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Cairo 
township,  1  mile  from  Cairo.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Cairston,  town  and  parish,  Scotland.     See  Stromness. 

Cairwan,  a  town  of  North  Africa.     See  Kairwan. 

Caistor,  ki'stor,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lincoln,  11 
miles  S.W.  of  Grimsby.  Its  ancient  church  stands  on  the 
site  of  Thonr/ceaater,  a  Roman  station,  said  to  have  been 
rebuilt  by  Hengist  on  as  much  land  as  the  hide  of  an  ox 
cut  into  thongs  would  cover.     Pop.  225. 

Caistor  (anc.  Ven'ta  Iceno'rum),  a  parish  of  England, 
CO.  of  Norfolk,  4  miles  S.  of  Norwich.  Many  Roman  urns 
have  been  found  in  this  place,  the  ancient  capital  of  the  Iceni. 

Cais'torville,  a  post-village  in  Lincoln  co.,  Ontario, 
on  Chippewa  Creek,  8  miles  E.  of  Canfield.     Pop.  100. 

Cait'awist'ky  Creek,  of  North  Carolina,  unites  with 
Pollacasty  Creek  in  Hertford  co.,  and  flows  into  Chowan 
River  from  the  S.W. 

Caith'ness,  the  most  northerly  county  of  the  main- 
land of  Scotland,  having  W.  Sutherland  co.,  E.  the  North 
Sea,  and  N.  the  ocean.  Area,  712  square  miles.  The  sur- 
face is  mountainous  in  the  W.  and  S.;  elsewhere  it  is  flat  or 
•andulating,  consisting  of  extensive  moors.  The  fishery  is 
the  principal  branch  of  trade,  and  from  150,000  to  200,000 
barrels  of  fish  are  annually  cured  for  export.  Agriculture 
has  of  late  been  much  extended.  Principal  towns,  Wick 
and  Thurso.  In  the  Middle  Ages  this  part  of  Scotland  be- 
longed for  some  time  to  the  King  of  Norway.  Many  of  its 
inhabitants  are  of  Scandinavian  descent.     Pop.  37,161. 

Caivano,  kl-vi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  8  miles  N.E.  of 
Naples.     Pop.  10,682. 

Cajabon,  a  town  of  Guatem.ala.    See  Cahabon. 

Caja  de  Muertos.     See  Caxa  de  Muertos. 

Cajahiba,  ki-zhi-ee'bi,  a  small  island  of  Brazil,  W. 
tide  of  All  Saints'  Bay,  opposite  the  mouth  of  the  Serigi. 


Cajamarca,  a  city  of  Peru.     See  Caxamarca. 

Ca^jamarquilla,  Peru,    See  Caxamarqcilla, 

Cajarc,  k3,'zhaRk',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Lot, 
19  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cahors.     Pop.  1942, 

Cajatambo,  a  town  of  Peru.    See  Caxatambo, 

Cajazzo,  kJ,-ylt'so,  or  Caiasso,  ki-is'so  (anc.  Cala'- 
tia),  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta,  10  miles  N.E.  of 
Capua.     It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  5892. 

Cajeta,  or  Caieta,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Gaeta, 

Cajou,  ki-joo',  or  Katju'ri,  a  branch  of  the  Maha- 
nuddy  River,  v?hich  separates  at  Cuttack,  and  termin.ateB 
principally  in  the  river  Devi. 

Carabar',  a  maritime  district  of  Western  Africa,  be- 
tween the  river  Benin  and  Formoso  and  the  Rio  del  Rey, 
with  the  Kong  Mountains  in  the  rear,  the  Niger  passing 
through  its  centre;  but  the  name  is  of  somewhat  indefinite 
application.  The  coast  here  is  a  projecting  line  between  the 
Bights  of  Benin  and  Biafra.  The  country  is  flat,  and  closely 
intersected  by  rivers,  most  of  them,  with  the  exception  of 
Old  Calabar,  being  delta-arms  of  the  Niger;  much  vegetable 
matter  and  silt  are  discharged  by  these  mouths.  The  cli- 
mate is  extremely  deleterious,  and  the  coast  generally  in- 
hospitable, there  not  being  a  light-house  or  single  harbor 
of  refuge.  Tornadoes  are  frequent,  and  of  the  most  violent 
character.  A  large  portion  of  the  inhabitants  of  thib  dis- 
trict are  slaves,  and  are  employed  chiefly  in  cultivating  the 
provision  grounds,  or  in  various  kinds  of  labor  connected 
with  the  palm-oil  trade,  in  which  the  chiefs  are  engaged. 

Calabar  River,  the  wide  estuary  of  three  rivers, 
called  Old  Calabar,  Cross,  and  Qua.  It  opens  into  the 
Bight  of  Biafra  in  lat.  5°  N.,  Ion.  8°  20'  E.  As  to  which 
of  the  streams  is  the  true  Calabar,  opinions  difl'er.  All 
are  navigable,  and  communicate  freely  with  one  another 
by  creeks.  The  Old  Calabar  is  the  smallest.  On  its  left 
bank,  6  miles  from  its  mouth,  is  Duke  Town,  and  5  miles 
N.N.W.  of  the  latter,  on  a  small  deltoid  branch  of  the  river, 
is  Creek  Town ;  these  are  the  seats  of  interesting  missions, 
and  the  natives  have  made  considerable  progress  in  civil- 
ization. New  Calabar  River  is  believed  to  be  a  delta- 
arm  of  the  Niger,  It  flows  S.E.,  and  enters  the  Bight  of 
IJiafra  in  lat.  4°  30'  N.,  Ion.  7°  7'  E.,  W.  of  Bonny. 

Calabozo,  or  Calaboso,  ki-ll-bo'so,  a  town  of 
Venezuela,  capital  of  the  state  of  Guarico,  120  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Caracas.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  college  and  some 
fine  buildings.     Pop.  5618. 

Calabria,  ka-li'bre-a  or  k8,-li'bre-8,  (anc.  Brut'thim  or 
Bruttio'rum  A'yer),  a  compart imento  of  Italy,  forming  the 
southwestern  extremity  or  sub-peninsula  of  the  mainland 
of  that  kingdom  ;  but  the  Calabria  of  antiquity  was  the 
southeastern  fork  or  sub-peninsula.  The  modern  Calabria 
is  divided  into  the  provinces  of  Cosenza,  Catanzaro,  and 
Reggio,  respectively  known  also  as  Calabria  Citeriore,  Cala- 
bria Ulteriore  II.,  and  Calabria  Ulteriore  I.  It  is  a  moun- 
tainous country,  with  a  fertile  soil,  producing  oil,  wine,  silk, 
cotton,  grain,  manna,  and  fruits.  Area,  6663  square  miles. 
It  is  subject  to  earthquakes. 

Calabritto,  ki-li-brit'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  Sele, 
10  miles  N.E.  of  Campagna.     Pop.  2975. 

Calaceite,  ki-li-thA'e-ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  75  miles 
N.E.  of  Teruel.     Pop.  2404. 

Calacte,  or  Calacta.    See  Caronia, 

Caladunum,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Miraxpella, 

Calaf,  kd-ldf,  a  town  of  Spain,  46  miles  N.W,  of  Barce- 
lona.    Pop.  1311. 

Cat  ah,  a  city  of  Asia.    See  IIolwan, 

Cal'ahan,or  Cal'ahaln,a  post-hamlet  of  Davie  co,, 
N.C.,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Salisbury.  It  has  a  church,  and 
manufactures  of  flour  and  tobacco.  Pop.  of  Calahan  town- 
ship, 1232. 

Calahan,  Texas.     See  Callahan. 

Calahorra,  kA-li-oR'ni  (anc.  Calagur'n's),  a  city  of 
Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  24  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Logrono,  on 
the  Ebro.  Calahorra  is  famous  for  the  siege  it  sustained  from 
Pompey,  B.C.  72,  by  whom  it  was  taken  after  an  obstinate 
resistance.  Portions  of  its  ancient  walls,  towers,  and  aque- 
ducts still  remain.     It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  7106. 

Calahorra,  or  La  Calahorra,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  34  miles  E.  of  Granada.     Pop.  1616. 

Calais,  kkVis  (Fr.  pron.  kiMi' ;  L.  Cnle'tnm  or  C'lle'- 
num),  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Pas-de-Calais,  on 
the  Strait  of  Dover,  26  miles  E.S.E.  of  Dover,  and  20  miles 
N.E.  of  Boulogne,  at  the  terminus  of  a  railway  from  Lille. 
Lat.  of  the  new  light-house,  50°  57'  45"  N. :  Ion.  1°  51' 
18"  E. ;  height,  190  feet.  'The  town  and  harbor  are  de- 
fended by  a  castle  and  several  forts,  and  by  means  of  sluices 
the  whole  adjacent  country  may  be  laid  under  water.  Calais 
is  regularly  built  and  clean,  with  wide  and  well-paved  streets. 


GAli 


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and  houres  chiefly  of  briok.  In  the  grent  oquare  are  the 
town  hall,  and  an  olognnt  belfry  118  foet  in  height.  Other 
roroarkttble  itructurcn  nre  the  llOtel  Dessin,  now  a  muaeuin, 
tb«  theatre,  public  buths,  the  H6tcl  de  Guise,  the  barrocka, 
and  a  public  librnry  with  1 2,0U0  volumes.  The  harbor  is 
formed  by  two  looloa,  which  are  continued  seaward  by 
wooden  piers,  the  whole  being  about  three-quarters  of  a 
mile  in  length.  At  ebb  tide  it  is  nearly  dry,  and  has  not  a 
greater  depth  than  15  or  IS  feet  at  high  water.  A  tower  in 
the  centre  of  the  town  servos  lu  a  light-bouse.  There  is 
good  anchorage  groumi  from  2  to  3  miles  X.W.  of  the  har- 
bor. Calais  is  one  of  the  principal  ports  for  the  debarkation 
of  travellers  from  England,  there  being  daily  communica- 
tion with  Dover  by  steamboat,  and  several  times  a  week 
with  London  and  Kamsgato.  The  city  has  very  important 
manufactures  of  bobbinct,  which  employ  about  DUO  looms 
and  6000  operatives.  Numerous  mills  have  been  erected,  and 
the  inner  ramparts  have  been  removed  to  make  way  for  the 
factories.  There  are  also  oil-  and  soap-works,  tanneries, 
and  a  salt-refinory.  Vessels  are  built  here  and  fitted  out 
for  the  cod-,  mackerel-,  and  herring-fisherieg.  A  consider- 
able trade  is  carried  on  in  spirits,  salt,  oil,  grain,  wine,  eggs, 
hemp,  wood,  coal,  Ac.  In  1347,  Calais  was  taken  by  Edward 
III.  of  England,  after  a  siege  of  11  months.  It  remained 
in  the  hands  of  the  English  from  1347  to  1558.  In  1558 
it  was  taken  by  the  Duke  of  Guise.  Pop.  in  1872,  19,843; 
of  the  commune  in  18VI,  56,867. 

Calais,  kil'is,  a  city  of  Washington  eo.,  Me.,  is  on  the 
St.  Croix  River,  which  is  part  of  the  boundary  between  the 
United  States  and  Canada.  It  is  at  the  head  of  navigation, 
about  12  miles  from  Passaraaquoddy  Hay,  82  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Bangor,  and  27  miles  N.N.VV.  of  Eastport.  Several 
bridges  crossing  the  river  connect  it  with  St.  Stephen's 
in  New  Brunswick,  a  station  on  the  New  Brunswick  A 
Canada  Railroad.  Calais  is  the  southeastern  terminus  of 
the  St.  Croix  A  Penobscot  Railroad.  It  contains  10  churches, 
a  national  bank,  the  Calais  Academy  and  High  School,  a 
public  library,  2  weekly  newspaper  offices,  and  shoe-  and 
woollen-factories.  Its  prosperity  is  derived  from  ship- 
building and  trade  in  lumber,  large  quantities  of  which  are 
sawn  in  the  vicinity  and  exported.     Pop.  in  1890,  7290. 

Calais,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  0.,  about  36  miles 
K.N.E.  of  Marietta.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  126. 

Calais,  a  post-hamlct  of  Washington  co.,  Vt.,  in  Calais 
township,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Montpelicr.  The  township 
has  a  woollen-factory  aad  3  churches.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 1309. 

calaisis,  kS.*li*zee',  a  district  of  France,  in  the  old 
province  of  Picardy,  now  in  the  department  of  Pas-de-Calais. 
It  was  occupied  by  the  English  from  1349  to  1558. 

Calamata,  a  town  of  Greece.     See  Kalamata. 

Calamianes  (k9,-l8,-me-i'n5s)  Islands,  a  group  of 
the  Philippines,  midway  between  Mindoro  and  Palawan. 
Lat.  12°  N. ;  Ion.  120°  E.  Calamian,  the  principal  island, 
Is  about  35  miles  in  length,  by  15  miles  in  breadth. 

Cal'aniine,  a  post- village  of  Sharpo  eo.,  Ark.,  28  miles 
from  Walnut  Ridge  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church,  2 
rtores,  and  a  furnace  for  smelting  zinc,  a  mine  of  which  has 
been  opened  here. 

Calamine,  a  post-hamlet  of  La  Fayette  co..  Wis.,  on 
the  Pecatonica  River,  and  on  the  Mineral  Point  Railroad, 
9  miles  S.  of  Mineral  Point,  at  the  junction  of  the  Platte- 
Tille  Branch. 

Calamo,  ki'Ii-mo,  a  small  island  of  the  Ionian  group, 
between  Santa  Maura  and  the  continent. 

Calamo,  a  small  island  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Kalimno. 

Cnlamocha,  ki-I&.-rao'chi,  a  town  of  Spain,  38  miles 
N.  of  Teruel,  near  the  Jiloca.     Pop.  1830. 

Caiamota,  k&.-l&-mo'tS,.  a  small  island  of  Dalmatia, 
in  the  Adriatic,  6  miles  W.N.W.  of  R.agusa. 

Cal'amus,  or  CaI'mus,  an  incorporated  post-village 
of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Rail- 
road, 30  miles  W.  of  the  city  of  Clinton.  It  has  several 
ehurch  organizations  and  an  academy.     Pop.  about  30(1, 

Calamus,  a  post-hamlet  of  Valley  co.,  Neb.,  So  miles 
from  Grand  Island. 

Calamus,  a  township  of  Dodge  co..  Wis.     Pop.  1112. 

Calamus  River,  Nebraska,  rises  in  the  N.  central 
part  of  the  state,  runs  nearly  southeastward,  and  enters 
the  Loup  Fork  of  the  Platte  or  the  North  Loup  River,  It 
traverses  arid  plains  nearly  destitute  of  forest  trees, 

Calaiias,  ki-14n'yis,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
20  miles  N,  of  Huelva.     Pop.  2711. 

Calanca,  k4-lin'ki,  a  valley  of  Switzerland,  in  Gri- 
■ons,  between  the  Val  di  Blegno  and  the  Val  Misocco. 

Calanda,  ki-Iin'di,  a  town  of  Spain,  62  miles  N.E.  of 
Teruel,  on  a  small  river  of  its  own  name.     Pop.  3658. 


Calandfloog,  k4'l4nt-8?5o',  a  village  of  the  Nelhw. 
lands,  on  the  North  Sea,  8  miles  S.  of  II  elder. 

Calang,  kd-IAng',  sometimes  written  Callam,  a  town 
of  the  Malay  I'cninsula,  sUUe  and  S.E.  of  Salnngorc,  on  the 
river  Calang,  20  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Strait  of  Ma- 
lacca.    Near  it  are  some  tin-mines. 

Calanna,  kl-lln'ul,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Calabria,  7 
miles  N.E.  of  Reggio.     Pop.  2106. 

Calanna,  a  t«wn  of  Africa.    See  Callana. 

Calantnn,  Malay  Peninsula.    See  Kalantan. 

Calantiga  (k4-lin-tce'g4)  Islands,  a  group  of  islandi 
on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Sumatra.    Lat,  0°  30'  8. ;  Ion.  104°  B, 

Calap,  kl'lAp',  an  island  of  the  Pacific,  Gilolo  Passage, 
west  of  the  island  of  Popa.    Lat.  1°  15'  S. ;  Ion.  129°  30'  B.' 

Calapan,  ki-H-p4n  ,  a  town  of  the  Philippine  Island^ 
capital  of  Mindoro,  on  it8  N.E.  coast,  85  miles  E,S.E.  oC 
Manila.     Pop.  2790. 

Calapoo'ya  (or  Callapoo'ya)  River,  Oregon,  rise* 
in  the  Cascade  Range,  runs  wejitward  and  northwestward 
through  Linn  co.,  and  enters  the  Willamette  at  the  city  of 
Albany.     Length,  about  130  miles. 

Calaris,  the  ancient  name  of  Cagliari. 

Caiascibetta*    See  Calata-Scibetta. 

Calasparra,  ki-lis-paH'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  40  miles 
N.W.  of  Murcia.  It  has  manufactures  of  cloths,  flour,  and 
oil,  and  trades  in  cattle.     Pop.  2067. 

Calata  Bel  lota,  ki-li'ti  bdl-lo't&,  a  town  of  Sicily, 
on  a  river  of  the  same  name  (anc.  Crimiumi),  10  miles  N.E, 
of  Sciacca,  and  near  the  site  of  the  ancient  Tricnlu. 

Calatabiano,  ki-14'ti-bec-4'no,  a  town  of  Sicily,  U 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Aci  Reale.     Pop.  3172. 

Calata  Fimi,  ki-ll'ti  fee'mee,  a  town  in  the  N.W, 
part  of  Sicily,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Alcamo.     Pop.  9095. 

Calatagirone,  or  Calata  Hicronis.    See  Calta- 

GIRONE. 

Calatanazor,  ki-li-t4-nl-thoR',  a  town  of  Spain,  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Soria.     Pop.  1300. 

Calata-Scibetta,  ka,-14'ta-she-b8t'ti,  a  town  of  Sicily, 
15  miles  N.E.  of  Caltanisetta.     Pop.  6791. 

Calatavuturo,  a  town  of  Sicily.     See  CALXAViiTtJRO. 

Calatayud,  ki-l4-tl-yooD',  a  town  of  Spain,  on  the 
Jalon,  province  and  55  miles  by  railway  S.W.  of  Sanigossa. 
It  has  an  imposing  external  appearance,  but  is  dilapidated 
and  dull.  The  chief  manufactures  arc  common  woollens, 
brown  paper,  and  leather.  Pop.  9830.  Near  Calatayud  are 
some  mineral  springs,  stalaetitic  caverns,  and  the  remains 
of  Dilbilis,  the  birthplace  of  Martial.  The  town  is  of  Moor- 
ish origin,  and  its  name  in  Arabic  signifies  "Job's  castle.'* 

Calathe,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Galita. 

Calatia,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Cajazzo. 

Calatrava,  k4-I4-tr4'v/l,  or  Santiago  de  Cala> 
trava,  sin-te-i'go  di  ki-ld-tri'vi,  a  town  of  Spain,  iQ 
Andalusia,  20  miles  AV.  by  S.  of  Jaen.     Pop,  1464. 

Calatrava  la  Vieja,  kA-l4-tr4'v4  la  ve-i'n&  (ano. 
Oretiim  or  Orla),  a  ruined  city  of  Spain,  on  the  Guadiana, 
65  miles  S.E.  of  Toledo.  The  military  order  of  Calatrava 
was  founded  here. 

Calaveras,  kal-a-vi'ras,  a  river  in  the  N.  central  pari 
of  Californi.a,  rises  among  the  hills  at  the  foot  of  the  Sierra 
Nevada  in  Calaveras  co.,  and,  flowing  in  a  general  south- 
westerly course,  falls  into  the  San  Joaquin  River  about  16 
miles  below  Stockton. 

Calaveras,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  California, 
has  an  area  of  about  900  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.W.  by  the  Mokelumne  River,  and  on  the  S.E.  by  the 
Stanislaus,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the  Calaveras  River, 
The  surface  is  diversified  with  high  hills,  valleys,  deep 
caiions,  and  "rolling  prairies,"  and  presents  beautiful 
scenery.  It  contains  forests  of  the  oak,  pine,  and  other 
trees,  which  here  grow  to  a  great  size;  also  a  grove  of 
mammoth  trees  {Sequoia  fjiyanten),  which  attract  many- 
visitors.  Granite,  quartz,  limestone,  and  slate  abound  here. 
This  county  has  ricn  copper-mines  and  gold-mines.  Capi- 
tal, San  Andreas.  Pop.  in  I860,  16,299;  in  1870,8895; 
in  1880,  9094;  in  1890,  8882. 

Calaveras,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilson  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
San  Antonio  A  Aransas  Pass  Railroad,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Saa 
Antonio.    It  has  manufactures  of  brick  and  tile.    Pop.  369. 

Calayan,  ki-lS.-y4n',  one  of  the  Babuyan  Islands,  in 
the  Malay  Archipelago,  60  miles  N.  of  Luzon,  It  is  14 
miles  long. 

Calbe,  two  towns  of  Prussia.     See  Kalbk. 

Calbis,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  the  Tavoos. 

Calbuco,  kil-boo'ko,  or  El  Fuerte,  61  foo-^R'ti  ot 
61  fwdn'ti,  a  small  town  of  Chili,  on  the  coast  of  the  island 
of  Chiloe,  35  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ancud.     Pop.  2506, 

Calbur'ga,  or  Kulbur'ga,  a  town  of  India,  Deccan 


OAL 


759 


(JAL 


Nizam's  dominions,  65  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Solapoon     It 
is  now  unimportant,  but  it  has  been  successively  the  capital 
of  Hindoo  and  Mohammedan  sovereignties.     Pop.  6000. 
Caica,  a  town  of  Peru.    See  Zamora. 
Calcahceii,  kil-ki-s6n',  a  town  of  Yucatan,  30  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Merida. 

Calcar,  or  Kalkar,  kll'kaR,  a  small  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Cleves,  on  the  Rhine.  Pop.,  in- 
cluding Old  Calcar,  2725. 

Calcasieu,  kal'ka-shu',  a  river  of  Louisiana,  rises  in 
Vernon  parish,  and  runs  southeastward  into  Rapides  parish. 
In  the  last  half  of  its  course  it  flows  southwestward,  trav- 
erses Calcasieu  parish,  and  enters  the  lake  of  the  same  name, 
from  which  it  passes  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  is  about 
230  miles  long,  and  is  navigated  by  steamers  and  lumber- 
schooners  for  100  miles. 

Calcasieu,  a  parish  in  the  S.AV.  part  of  Louisiana, 

bordering  on  Texas.     It  is   intersected   by  the   Calcasieu 

River,  and  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Sabine  River.     The 

surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  partly  occupied  by  savannas 

or  open  plains,  which  produce  pasture  for  cattle.    Cotton  is 

raised  here  in  small  quantities.     Area,  3410  sq.  m.     The 

Southern  Pacific  Railroad  traverses  the  parish.     Capital, 

Lake  Charles.     Pop.  in  1880,  12,484;  in  1890,  20,176. 

Calcasieu  Lake,  Louisiana,  is  in  Cameron  parish, 

E&bout  4  miles  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.     It  is  nearly  20 

ailes  long  and  5  miles  wide.     It  is  an  expansion  of  the 

iCalcasieu  River,  which  enters  its  northern  end  and  issues 

Jrom  the  southern  side. 

Calci,  kil'chee,  a  village  of  Italy,  5i  miles  E.  of  Pisa, 
on  the  Monte  Pisano.     Near  it  is  tbe  celebrated  chartreuse 
Eftf  Pisa  or  Calci,  called  La  Certosa.     Pop,  551a. 
i     Calcian'a,  a  station  in  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  On- 
'fa^rio  Southern  Railroad,  7i  miles  S.  of  Sodus  Point. 

Calcinnja,  kil-che-nJ,'yi,  a  town  of  Italy,  12  miles  E. 
pf  Pisa,  near  the  Arno.     Pop.  3527. 

Calcinate,  k3,l-che-ni'ti,  a  village  of  Italy,  10  miles 
i;.S.E.  of  Bergamo.     Pop.  3527. 
Calcinato.,  kil-cho-ni'to,  atown  of  Italy,  11  miles  S.E. 
Brescia,  on  the  Chiese.     Pop.  3699. 
Calcio,  kil'cho,  a  town  of  Italy,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Ber- 
eamo.     Pop.  2888. 

Calcken,  kil'k^n,  or  Calken,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in 
Sast  Flanders,  8  miles  E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  4900. 

Calcut'ta,  a  city,  capital  of  British  India  and  of  Ben- 
gal, is  situated  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  river  Hoogly,  80  miles 
from  the  sea,  in  lat.  22°  33'  47"  N.,  Ion.  88°  23'  34"  E., 
opposite  the  town  of  Howrah,  to  which  a  floating  bridge 
fdxtends.    It  is  the  terminus  of  several  railways  and  numerous 
canals.     Calcutta  is  the  seat  of  an  immense  trade  by  sea 
tijnd  river,  being  the  natural  outlet  for  the  great  valley.s  of 
the  Ganges  and  Brahmapootra.     There  are  numerous  jetties 
»nd  warehouses,  excellent  systems  of  drainage  and  water- 
Rupply  (which  have  changed  the  city  from  one  of  the  sick- 
fflest  to  one  of  the  healthiest  places  in  Asia),  a  university, 
!&  government  and  5  mission  colleges,  an  art  school,  a  med- 
tical  school,  several  learned  societies,  numerous  hospitals,  a 
rfeotanic  garden,  a  noble  government  house,  a  fire  depart- 
Went,  an  excellent  native  police  force,  Ac.     The  town  is 
iighted  by  gas.     It  is  the  seat  of  an  Anglican  bishop.     The 
Fnative  portion,  or  Black  Town,  is  in  general  built  of  slight 
[materials.     Large  ships  can  ascend  the  rixertothis  port, 
the  channel  being  preserved  and  improved  by  liberal  public 
expenditures.     Calcutta  is  the  largest  emporium  of  trade  in 
Asia.     The  chief  imports  are   cotton  goods,  linens,  silks, 
hardware,  pig-metals,  silver  (coined  and  in  ingots),  wines, 
spirits,  and  salt.     The  exports  are  fa,r  greater  than  the  im- 
ports, and  consist  of  jute,  opium,  indigo,  rice,  hides,  cotton, 
tea,  raw  silk,  saltpetre,  matting,  gunny-bags,  &c.     There  is 
also  a  large  local  and  native  trade  in  rice,  sugar,  pottery, 
oil-seeds,  brass  goods,  betel,  pawn,  bamboos,  timber,  provi- 
sions, and  native  household  wares.     It  is  the  seat  of  active 
manufactures,  chiefly  carried  on  in  households  by  natives. 
Pop.  of  the  city  proper  in  1872,  447,601;  of  immediate 
suburbs,  257,149;  of  North  suburban  town,  27,263;  South 
luburban  town,  62,632  ;  of  Howrah,  97,784.    Total,  892,429, 
exclusive  of  several  towns  which  are  almost  continuous 
with  the  suburbs.     Pop.  in  1891,  with  suburbs,  840,130; 
including  Howrah,  969,930. 

Calcut'ta,  a  post-hamlet  and  railroad  station  of  Clay 
CO.,  Ind.,  21  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Terre  Haute.  It  has 
2  churches. 

Calcutta,  a  post-village  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.,  in  St. 
Clair  township,  4  miles  N.  of  East  Liverpool.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  200. 

Caldaro,  kil-di'ro,  or  Kaltern,  kil'tern,  a  town  of 
Austria  in  Tyrol,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Botzen.     Pop.  1412. 


Caldas,  kil'dis  (i.e.,  Agoas  or  Acuas  Caldas,  S.'gwi8 
kil'dis,  "  warm  waters,"  or  "  warm  springs"),  several  small 
towns  of  Portugal,  Spain,  &c,,  so  called  from  their  warm 
springs. 

Caldas,  k^l'd^s,  or  Caldas  da  Rainha,  k&l'd&s  d& 
ri-een'yS,,  a  town  of  Portugal,  58  miles  N.  of  Lisbon. 
Pop.  2268. 

Caldas,  kil'dis,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  Minas-Geraeis, 
with  hot  sulphur  springs. 

Caldas  del  Key,  k&l'dis  dfil  ri,  a  town  of  Portugal, 
24  miles  S.  of  Santiago. 

Caldas  de  Mombuy,  kil'dis  di  mom-boo-ee'  (anc. 
A'qiim  Cal'idie),  a  town  of  Spain,  14  miles  N.  of  Barcelona, 
with  thermal  baths  and  some  antiquities.     Pop.  3596. 

Caldas  de  Oviedo,  kAl'dis  di  o-ve-i'Do,  a  town  o' 
Spain,  finely  situated  near  Oviedo. 

Calder,  a  parish  of  Scotland.     See  Cawdor. 

C alder,  kil'd^r,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West 
Riding,  joins  the  Aire  at  Castleford.     Length,  40  miles. 

Calder,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  joins  the 
Ribble  near  Whalley. 

Calder,  or  Calderbridge,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co. 
of  Cumberland,  on  the  Calder,  3  miles  S.S.W.  of  Egremont. 

Cald'er,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  8  mile* 
from  St.  Thomas.     Pop.  120. 

Caldera,  kil-di'ri,  a  small  town  of  South  America,  in 
the  Argentine  Republic,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Salta. 

Caldera,  kil-di'rl,  a  port  of  Costa  Rica,  on  the  Pacific, 
near  the  head  of  the  Gulf  of  Nicoya. 

Caldera,  k5,l-di'r3,,  a  seaport  of  Hayti,  on  its  S.  coast, 
50  miles  S.W.  of  Santo  Domingo. 

Caldera,  kil-di'ri,  a  seaport  of  Chili,  province  of 
Atacama,  on  a  fine  bay,  and  connected  by  rail  with  Copiapo, 
50  miles  distant.  It  has  a  church,  machine-shops,  large  cop- 
per-smelting works,  and  a  mole  at  which  vessels  of  000  tons 
can  lie.  Cargoes  are  discharged  by  steam-machinery.  The 
country  around  it  is  a  perfect  desert,  and  water  is  obtained 
from  the  sea  by  distillation.  Borax,  copper,  silver,  and  rich 
ores  are  shipped  hence,  and  the  export  and  import  trade  ia 
large.     Pop.  3000. 

Caldewgate,  kil'du-gate,  a  suburb  of  the  city  of  Car- 
lisle,  England,  co.  of  Cumberland,  intersected  by  the  Car- 
lisle k  Newcastle  Railway.     Pop.  10,662. 

Caldiero,  kil-de-d'ro,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  9 
miles  E.  of  Verona,  so  called  from  its  thermal  springs.  The 
Archduke  Charles  gained  a  victory  here  over  Massena  in 
1805.     Pop.  2292. 

Cald'well,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Kentucky,  ha,s 
an  area  of  about  330  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Trade- 
water  and  Livingston  Creeks.  The  surface  is  nearly  level, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  tobacco,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. The  county  is  traversed  by  a  division  of  the  Newport 
News  and  Mississippi  Valley  Company's  lines,  which  inter- 
sects the  Ohio  Valley  Railroad  at  Princeton,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  10,826;  in  1880,  11,282;  in  1890,  1.3,186. 

Caldwell,  a  parish  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Louisiana, 
has  an  area  of  about  550  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  Boeuf  Bayou,  and  intersected  by  the  Ouachita 
River,  navigable  by  steamboats.  The  surface  is  moderately 
diversified,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests. 
The  staple  products  are  cotton  and  Indian  corn.  Capital, 
Columbia,  on  the  Ouachita  River.  Pop.  in  1870,  4820;  in 
1880,  5767;  in  1890,  5814. 

Caldwell,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Missouri,  has 
an  area  of  about  450  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
Shoal  Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  Rail- 
road, which  is  connected  by  a  local  railroad  with  Kingston, 
the  capital.     Pop.  in  1880,  13,646;  in  1890,  15,152. 

Caldwell,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  North  Carolina, 
has  an  area  of  about  450  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.W.  by  the  Blue  Ridge,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  Catawba 
River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Yadkin  River,  which  rises 
within  its  limits.  The  surface  is  partly  mountainous,  and 
is  mostly  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  produces  good  pas- 
ture, Indian  corn,  and  wheat.  A  branch  of  the  Richmond 
A  Danville  Railroad  extends  to  Lenoir,  the  capital.  Pop. 
in  1870,  8476;  in  1880,  10,291;  in  1890,  12,298. 

Caldwell,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Texas,  has 
an  area  of  about  550  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
S.W.  by  the  San  Marcos  River.  The  surface  is  undulating, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  tracts  of  timber.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  Cattle,  cotton,  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple 
products.  Capital,  Lockhart.  Pop.  in  1870,  6572;  in 
1880,  11,757;  in  1890,  15,769. 


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Caldwell,  a  post-htiinlet  of  St.  Clair  oo.,  Ala.,  35  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Birmingham. 

Caldwell,  a  pust-hamlet  of  St.  Frsnois  oo.,  Ark.,  R 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Forrest  City. 

Caldwell,  a  post-town  of  Ada  oo.,  Idaho,  on  the 
Oregon  Ilntnoh  of  the  Union  Paciflo  Railroad,  144  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  Shoshone,  and  27  miles  by  rail  W.  of  DoisS 
City.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
graded  schools,  and  is  the  seat  of  a  Presbyterian  college. 
Stock-raijiing,  agriculture,  and  mining  are  the  principal 
iudustrica.     Pop.  779. 

Caldwell,  a  city  of  Sumner  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  routes 
of  3  railroads,  :'<5  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Anthony,  20  miles  S. 
by  W.  of  Wellington,  and  li  miles  from  the  boundary  of 
the  Cherokee  Strip.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  nn  elevator, 
lumber-mills,  flouring-mills,  and  2  newspaper  offices.  Pop. 
in  1880.  1005;  in  1890,  Itti2. 

Caldwell,  a  post- village  of  Essex  oo.,  N.J.,  in  Caldwell 
township,  3i  miles  from  Montclair  Station,  9  miles  N.W. 
of  Newark,  and  8  or  9  miles  S.W.  of  Patorson.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  high  school.  Here  is  the  Essex  County  Pen- 
itentiary. The  township  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Pas- 
saic, and  contains  Clinton  ond  Verona.     Total  pop.  2727. 

Caldwell,  or  Lake  George,  a  post-village,  capital 
of  Warren  co.,  N.Y.,  is  finely  situated  at  the  S.  end  of  Lake 
George,  in  Caldwell  township,  about  60  miles  N.  of  Albany, 
20  miles  S.W.  of  Whitehall,  and  9  miles  N.  of  Glenn's  Falls. 
It  is  a  celebrated  summer  resort,  and  is  surrounded  by  beau- 
tiful scenery.  It  has  a  court-house,  2  churches,  and  B  hotels, 
one  of  which,  the  "  Fort  William  Henry,"  will  accommodate 
600  guests.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1267.  Steamboats  navi- 
gate the  lake,  which  is  studded  with  hundreds  of  islands. 
The  name  of  the  post-office  is  Lake  George. 

Caldwell,  a  station  in  Franklin  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Balti- 
more &  Ohio  and  the  Scioto  Valley  Railroad^  3  miles  E.  of 
Columbus. 

Caldwell,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Noble  co.,  0.,  35 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Marietta,  and  36  miles  by  rail  E.S.E. 
of  Zanesville.  It  has  a  national  bank,  3  churches,  a  knit- 
ting-mill, and  a  sash-  and  door-factory.  Three  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.  Iron  ore,  coal,  oil,  and 
Bait  are  found  near  this  place.     Pop.  1248. 

Caldwell,  a  township  of  Newberry  co.,  S.C.    P.  1791. 

Caldwell,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Burleson  co.,  Tex., 
about  66  miles  E.N.E.  of  Austin,  and  22  miles  S.W.  of 
Bryan.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices, 
and  a  school  called  the  Normal  Institute.  Pop.  in  1880, 
301  ;  in  1890,  1250. 

Caldwell,  W.  Va.    See  Green  Brier  Bridge. 

Caldwell  Institute,  a  post-villnge  of  Orange  co., 
N.C.,  in  Little  River  township,  4  miles  from  the  North  Caro- 
lina Railroad.  It  has  a  seminary  named  Caldwell  Institute, 
and  in  the  vicinity  are  several  churches. 

Caldwell  Prairie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Racine  co.,  Wis., 
in  Waterford  township,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Eagle  Railroad 
Btivtion.     It  has  a  church. 

Caldwell's,  a  township  of  Catawba  co.,  N.C.  Pop. 
1101.     It  contains  Chronicle. 

Caldwell's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.C, 
on  the  Atlantic,  Tennessee  &  Ohio  Railroad,  about  20  miles 
N.  of  Charlotte.     It  has  2  churches,  a  saw-mill,  &c. 

Caldwell's  Landing,  a  hamlet  of  Rockland  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River,  48  miles  above  New  York. 
Drain -pipes  are  made  here. 

Caldy,  kil'dee,  a  small  island  of  Wales,  co.  of  Pem- 
broke, off  its  S.  coast,  2  miles  S.  of  Tenby,  has  alight-house. 

Cale,  an  ancient  name  of  Oporto. 

Calebee  Creek,  Ala.    See  Caleedee. 

Cal'edon,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Tyrone,  9J  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Monaghan.     It  has  large  corn-mills.     Pop.  579. 

Cal'edon,  a  village  of  Cape  Colony,  Africa,  50  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Zwellendam.     It  has  mineral  baths.     Pop.  724. 

Cal'edon,  or  Charleston  Station,  a  post-village  in 
Cnrdwell  co.,  Ontario,  41  miles  N.W.  of  Toronto.    Pop.  300. 

Cal'edon  Bay,  Australia,  an  inlet  on  the  W.  side  of 
the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria.     Lat.  12°  40'  S. :  Ion.  136°  40'  E. 

Caledon  East,  or  Pais'ley,  a  post-village  in  Card- 
well  CO..  Ontario.     Pop.  200. 

Cal'edon  River,  in  Africa,  is  an  affluent  of  the  Nu- 
Gariep,  which  it  joins  in  lat.  30°  18'  S.,  Ion.  26°  17'  E. 

Caledonia,  the  ancient  name  of  Scotland. 

Caledo'nia,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Vermont, 
bordering  on  New  Hampshire,  has  an  area  of  about  650 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Connecticut 
River,  intersected  by  the  Passumpsic,  and  also  drained  by 
the  Lamoille  River.  The  surface  is  partly  mountainous, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  ash. 


beech,  hickory,  elm,  oak,  and  sugar-maple  abound.  The 
soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  Butter,  hny,  oats,  potatoes, 
lumber,  and  maple  sugar  are  the  staple  products.  Granite 
and  mica  slate  are  abundant  in  this  county,  which  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Connecticut  A  Passumpsic  Rivers  Railroad. 
Capital,  St.  Johnsbury.  Pop.  in  1870,  22,235  :  in  1880, 
23,607;  in  1S90,  23,436. 

Caledonia,  a  post-village  of  Union  co..  Ark.,  25  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Champagnolle.     It  has  a  church  nnd  an  academy. 

Caledonia,  or  Caledonia  Station,  a  po8t-villa<;o 
of  Boone  co.,  III.,  in  Caledonia  township,  and  on  the  Chicago 
A  Northwestern  Railroad,  at  the  cro-sing  of  the  Kenosha  A 
Rockford  Railroad,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Rockford,  and  12  idiIcj 
S.E.of  Beloit.   It  has  several  stores.   Pop.  of  township,  1. "MS. 

Caledonia,  a  village  of  Pulaski  co..  III.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  and  on  the  Cairo  <t  Vincennes  Railroad,  14  miles 
above  Cairo.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  222.  The  name  of 
its  post-office  is  Olmsted. 

Caledonia,  a  post-village  of  Ringgold  co.,  Iowa,  on  a 
head-stream  of  the  Grand  River,  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Leon. 
It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy.     Pop.  100. 

Caledonia,  a  po.«t  hamlet  of  Trigg  co.,  Ky.,  10  milei 
direct  N.E.  of  Cadiz.     It  has  several  stores. 

Caledonia,  a  post-hamlet  of  West  Carroll  parish.  La., 
on  the  W.  bank  of  Bayou  Macon,  12  miles  from  Lake  Prov- 
idence.    It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  100. 

Caledonia,  a  township  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  is  about  50 
miles  W.  of  Lansing,  and  is  traversed  by  the  Thornapple 
River.  It  contains  a  hamlet  named  Alaska,  and  a  village 
named  Caledonia  Station,  which  is  on  the  Grand  River  Vall6y 
Railroad,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Grand  Rapids.     Pop.  1680. 

Caledonia,  a  township  of  Shiawassee  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
1839,  exclusive  of  Corunna. 

Caledonia,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Houston  co., 
Minn.,  about  32  miles  S.  of  Winona,  and  20  miles  S.W.  of 
La  Crosse,  Wis.  It  is  on  a  branch  of  the  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee A  St.  Paul  Railroad.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  bank, 
a  graded  school,  an  academy,  2  newspaper  offices,  5  churches, 
and  a  manufactory  of  wagons  and  sleighs.  Pop.  (1890)  927. 

Caledonia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lowndes  co.,  Miss.,  about 
17  miles  N.N.E.  of  Columbus. 

Caledonia,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Mo.,  in 
Bellevue  township,  about  70  miles  S.S.W.  of  St.  Louis,  and 

8  miles  from  Irondale  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  cheese-factory,  a  pottery,  Ac.  The  township  contains  the 
Bellevue  Collegiate  Institute. 

Caledonia,  a  post-village  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y.,  is 
in  Caledonia  township,  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad, 
and  on  the  Attica  Branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  59  miles  E. 
of  Buffalo,  and  20  miles  S.AV.  of  Rochester.  It  has  2  or  3 
churches,  2  mills,  and  manufactures  of  farming-implements, 
sash,  and  doors.     Pop.  597;  of  the  township,  1981. 

Cal  edonia,  a  township  of  Halifax  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  21 1 8. 

Caledonia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Moore  co.,  N.C,  8  miles 
N.W.  of  Carthage,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Caledonia,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Traill  oo.,  N.D., 
on  the  Red  River  of  the  North,  at  the  mouth  of  (Joose 
River,  40  miles  N.  of  Moorhead.  It  has  several  church 
organizations,  a  court-house,  a  state  bank,  a  flour-inill,  2 
schools,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Wheat  is  shipped  hero  in 
steamboats.     Pop.  267. 

Caledonia,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  0.,  in  Clari- 
don  township,  on  the  Whetstone  River,  and  on  the  Atlantic  A 
Great  Western  Railroad,  26  miles  M'.S.W.  of  Mansfield,  and 

9  miles  N.E.  of  Marion.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  2  planing-mills,  and  a  union  school.  It  is  also  on 
the  Cleveland,  Columbus  A  Cincinnati  Railroad.    Pop.  419. 

Caledonia,  a  post- village  of  Elk  co..  Pa.,  on  Bennett's 
Creek,  and  on  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad  (Low  (Jrade 
division),  23  miles  S.W.  of  Driftwood.  It  has  a  church  and 
several  lumber-mills,  and  a  splendid  bed  of  coal. 

Caledonia,  a  station  of  Henry  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Louisville  A  Memphis  Railroad,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Paris. 

Caledonia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rusk  co.,  Tex.,  25  miles 
S.E.  of  Henderson.     It  has  a  church. 

Caledonia,  a  post-office  of  Goochland  co.,  Va. 

Caledonia,  township,  Columbia  co..  Wis.     Pop.  1223. 

Caledonia,  a  post-township  of  Racine  co.,  AV'is., 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  Lake  Michigan,  and  intersected  by 
the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  and  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A 
St.  Paul  Railroads.  It  has  5  churches.  Pop.  2847.  Cale- 
donia Station  (on  both  roads)  is  15  miles  S.  of  Milwaukee. 

Caledonia,  township.  Trempealeau  co.,  Wis.  Pop.  510 

Caledonia,  a  township  of  Waupaca  co..  Wis.  Pop.  929. 

Caledonia,  a  post-village  in  Cape  Breton  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  Little  Gliicg  Bay,  16  miles  E.  of  Sydney.  Ex- 
tensive coal-mines  are  worked  here.     Pon.  250 


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Caledonia,  or  Seneca,  a  village  in  Haldlmand  co., 
Ontario,  on  the  Grand  River,  at  the  junction  of  the  Grand 
Trunk  and  Hamilton  &  Lake  Erie  Railways,  16  miles  S.W. 
of  Hamilton,  and  17  miles  E.S.E.  of  Brantford.  It  has  ex- 
cellent water-power,  saw-  and  grirt-mills,  a  foundry  and  ma- 
chine-shop, a  woollen-mill,  and  a  weekly  newspaper.  P.  1246. 

Caledonia,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co..  Prince  Edward 
Island,  27  miles  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  200. 

Caledonia  Corner,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co., 
Nova  Scotia,  38  miles  S.E.  of  Annapolis.     Pop.  400. 

Caledonia  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Antigonish  co., 
Nora  Scotia,  56  miles  E.  of  New  Glasgow.     Pop.  120. 

Caledonian  Canal,  Scotland,  cos.  of  Inverness  and 
Argyle,  connects  the  North  and  Irish  Seas,  extending  N.E. 
and  S.W.,  through  the  great  Glen  of  Caledonia,  from  the 
Murray  Firth  to  Loch  Eil,  through  Lochs  Ness,  Oich,  and 
Lochy.  Length,  OOJ  miles,  of  which  the  lochs  compose  37i 
miles,  and  the  canal  23  miles.  It  is  not  navigable  for  ves- 
sels of  over  17  feet  draught. 

Caledonia  Springs,  a  post-village  and  watering- 
place  in  Prescott  co.,  Ontario,  9  miles  from  L'Orignal,  and  72 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Montreal.  It  has  good  hotel  accommo- 
dation and  medicinal  springs.     Pop.  100. 

Caledonia  Station,  Illinois.    See  Caledonia. 

Cal  edonia  Station,  a  post- village  of  Kent  co.,  Mich., 
near  the  Thornapple  River,  15  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of 
Grand  Rapids.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  manufactures  of  brick  and  tile.     Pop.  438. 

Cal'eebee  or  Cal'ebee  Creek,  Alabama,  rises  in 
Macon  co.,  runs  in  a  W.N.W.  direction,  and  enters  the  Tal- 
lapoosa River  on  the  line  between  Elmore  and  Macon  cos. 

Cal  el  la,  ki-lSl'yi,  a  town  of  Spain,  30  miles  S.E.  of 
Barcelona,  on  the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  3529. 

Calenberg.    See  Kalenberg. 

Calentes  Aquae,  the  Latin  for  Chaudes-Aioues. 

Calenzana,  kd-ldn-zlL'n^,  a  village  of  the  island  of 
Corsica,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Calvi.     Pop.  2608. 

Calera,  ki-li'ri,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  8 
miles  S.W.  of  Talavera,  near  the  Tagus.     Pop.  2938. 

Cal  e'ra,  a  post-town  and  railway  junction  of  Shelby  co., 
Ala.,  63  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Selma,  and  33  miles  S.  of 
Birmingham.  It  contains  6  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
an  extensive  charcoal-factory,  numerous  stores,  and  manu- 
factures of  lime,  brick,  and  iron  products.     Pop.  1000. 

Calcs,  the  ancient  name  of  Calvi. 

Calestano,  k4-15s-ti'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  20  miles 
3.S.AV.  of  Parma.    Pop.  2961. 

Caletum,  or  Calesium,  the  Latin  for  Calais. 

Calewatta  Uiver,  Australia.     See  Daulixg. 

Calf  (kif)  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Searcy  co..  Ark. 

Calf  killer,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co.,  Tenn. 

Calfkiller  Creek,  Tennessee,  runs  southwestward 
through  White  co.,  and  enters  the  Caney  Fork  of  the  Cum- 
berland River. 

Calf  of  Man,  a  small  island  in  the  Irish  Sea,  imme- 
diately off  the  S.W.  extremity  of  the  Isle  of  Man.  Lat.  of 
the  light-house,  54°  3'  N. ;  Ion.  4°  49'  W. 

Calf  Pasture  River,  Virginia,  rises  in  Augusta  co., 
runs  southward  through  Rockbridge  co.,  and  enters  the 
James  River  at  the  base  of  the  Blue  Ridge.  It  is  about 
100  miles  long.    The  lower  part  of  it  is  called  North  River. 

Calhoun,  kal-hoon',  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Ala- 
bama, has  an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  the  Coosa  River.  The  surface  is  diversified  with 
high  ridges  or  hills  and  fertile  valleys,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  Cotton,  Indian 
corn,  and  wheat  are  the  staple  products  of  the  soil.  Among 
its  mineral  resources  are  iron,  limestone,  and  marble.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Selma,  Rome  &  Dalton  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Jacksonville.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,980;  in 
1880,  19,591;  in  1890,  33,835. 

Calhoun,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Arkansas,  has  an 
area  of  about  700  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E, 
by  the  Moro  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Ouachita  River. 
A  large  portion  of  the  surface  is  covered  with  forests.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  The  northwestern  portion  of  the  county  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  St.  Louis,  Arkansas  &  Texas  Railroad.  Capi- 
tal, Hampton.  Pop.  in  1870,  3853 ;  in  1880,  6671 ;  in  1890, 
7267. 

Calhoun,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Florida,  has  an 
area  of  about  1000  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  the  Apalachicola  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  and  is  drained  by  the  Chipola  River.  The  surface  is 
nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  sandy,  and  produces  a  little  Indian 
corn  and  cotton.  Capital,  Blountstown.  Pop.  in  1870,  998; 
in  1880,  1580;  in  1890,  16S1. 
49 


Calhoun,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Georgia,  has  ap 
area  of  about  330  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Icha- 
waynochaway  Creek,  an  affluent  of  Flint  River.  The  sur- 
face is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests ; 
the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  sugar-cane  aria 
the  staple  products.  The  southeast  portion  of  the  county 
is  traversed  by  the  Central  of  Georgia  Railroad.  Capital, 
Morgan.  Pop.  in  1870,  5503;  in  1880,  7024;  in  1890, 
8438. 

Calhoun,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an 
area  of  about  250  square  miles.  It  is  a  narrow  j)eninsula, 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Illinois  River,  and  on  the  W.  by 
the  Mississippi  River.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn  and 
wheat  are  the  staple  products  of  this  county,  which  is  liber- 
ally supplied  with  timber  and  limestone.  Capital,  Hardin. 
Pop.  in  1870,  6562;  in  1880,  7467;  in  1890,  7652. 

Calhoun,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  Iowa, 
has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Coon 
or  Raccoon  River,  and  by  several  creeks.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating; the  soil  produces  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  grass. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  the  Chicago 
&  Northwestern  Railroad,  and  the  Des  Moines  &  North- 
western Railroad,  the  latter  road  passing  through  Rock- 
well City,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  1602; 
in  1880,  6595;  in  1890,  13,107. 

Calhoun,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Michigan,  has  an 
area  of  720  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  St. 
Joseph's  &  Kalamazoo  Rivers,  and  also  drained  by  Battle 
Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with 
prairies  and  forests  or  open  groves  of  the  ash,  beech,  white 
oak,  sugar-maple,  hickory,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  a 
fertile  sandy  loam.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  wool, 
and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Devonian  sandstone 
underlies  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Lake  Shore 
&  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  the  Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk 
Railroad,  the  Cincinnati,  Jackson  <k  Mackinac  Railroad, 
and  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad.  Capital,  Marshall. 
Pop.  in  1870,  36,569;  in  1880,  38,452;  in  1890,  43,501. 

Calhoun,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Missis- 
sippi, has  an  area  of  about  560  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Yallabusha  River  and  Loosascoona  Creek.  The 
surface  is  nearly  level,  and  mostly  covered  witli  forests ;  the 
soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Capital,  Pittsborough.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,561; 
in  1880,  13,492;  in  1890,  14,688. 

Calhoun,  a  small  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Texas,  boi*- 
dering  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W, 
by  the  Guadalupe  River,  and  on  the  N.E.  by  Lavaca  and 
Matagorda  Bays,  and  is  traversed  by  the  Gulf,  AVest  Texas 
&  Pacific  Railroad.  The  surface  is  level ;  the  soil  is  sandy. 
Cattle  are  the  staple  products  of  the  county.  The  Southern 
Pacific  Railroad  traverses  the  northeast  portion  of  the 
county,  communicating  with  Port  Lavaca,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  3443;  in  1880,  1739;  in  1890,  815. 

Calhoun,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  West  Vir- 
ginia, has  an  area  of  about  300  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Little  Kanawha  River.  The  surface  is  partly 
hilly,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  produces 
grass,  Indian  corn,  &c.,  Bituminous  coal  is  found  in  this 
county.  Capital,  Grantsville.  Pop.  in  1870,  2939;  in 
1880,  6072;  in  1890,  8155. 

Calhoun,  a  post-village  of  Lowndes  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Mobile  &  Montgomery  Railroad,  28  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mont- 
gomery. It  has  a  church.  About  3000  bales  of  cotton  are 
shipped  here  in  a  year. 

Calhoun,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co..  Ark.,  about 
35  miles  S.W.  of  Camden. 

Calhoun,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Gordon  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  Western  &  Atlantic  Railroad,  78  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Atlanta,  and  20  miles  S.  of  Dalton.  It  has  5  churches,  an 
academy,  a  planing-mill,  a  flour-mill,  a  bank,  and  manu- 
factures of  brick.  One  weekly  newspaper  is  published 
here.     Pop.  680. 

Calhoun,  or  Fairview,  a  post-village  of  Richland 
CO.,  111.,  in  Madison  township,  about  7  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Olney.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  wagon-shop.  Pop.  160. 
Here  is  Calhoun  Post-Office. 

Calhoun,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calhoun  co.,  Iowa,  14  miles 
W.  of  Gowrie  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Calhoun,  a  post-village  of  Ouachita  parish,  La.,  14 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Monroe.  It  has  2  churches,  a  saw-mill, 
and  an  academy.     Pop.  100. 

Calhoun,  a  post-village,  capital  of  McLean  co.,  Ky., 
on  Green  River,  opposite  Rumsey,  about  65  miles  N.W.  of 
Bowling  Green,  and  44  miles  S.S.E.  of  Evansville,  Ind.  It 
has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  flour-mill.  Tha 
river  is  navigable  at  all  seasons.    Pop.  about  900. 


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Calhoun,  a  post-TilUge  of  Madison  oo.,  Miw.,  on  the 
Kew  Orleani,  St.  LouU  *  Chicago  Railroad,  7  milea  S.  of 
Canton.    It  hat  Mveral  churobos. 

CalhouDf  a  sUtiun  in  Franklin  oo.,  Mo.,  on  the  Mis- 
»ouri  Pttoifio  Uailrond,  59  uiilos  W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Calhoun,  a  jwst-villago  of  Henry  oo.,  Mo.,  on  Tebo 
Creek,  28  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Scdalia.  It  has  5  ohurohes, 
a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  stoneware, 
brooms,  and  brtok.     Pop.  6811. 

Calhoun,  Nebraska.    Soo  Fort  Calhoun, 
Calhoun,  a  post-office  of  Trnnsylvania  oo.,  N.C. 
Calhoun,  a  post-village  of  MoMinn  oo.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
East  Tennessee,   Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad   where  it 
erocses  the  Uiawasseo  River,  42  miles  E.N.E.  of  Chatta- 
nooga.    It  has  a  church  and  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  232. 
Calhoun,  a  post-office  of  Barbour  oo.,  W.  Va.,  6  miles 
from  Philippi. 

Calhoun's  Mills,  a  post-township  of  Abbeville  co., 
S.C,  40  miles  N.W,  of  Augusta,  Qa.,  and  12  miles  from 
Abbeville  Station.     It  has  8  churches.     Pop.  2208. 

Calhoun's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Bullock  co.,  Ala. 
Cali,  k&-Iee',  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Colombia,  de- 
partment of  Cauca,  7U  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Popayan.  Lat. 
3°  25'  N. ;  Ion.  76°  30'  W.  It  lies  on  a  western  declivity  of 
the  Andes,  near  the  Cnuca.  The  inhabitants  are  engaged  in 
the  transit  trade  from  the  interior  to  the  Pacific.  Pop.  4000. 
Caliadeh,  k^-le-^'d^h,  a  village  of  India,  Gwalior 
dominions,  5  miles  N.  of  Oojein,  with  a  curious  Moham- 
medan palace  on  an  island  in  the  Sipra  River. 

Caliana,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Caranja. 

Caliano,  or  Calliano,  k&-le-i'no,  a  town  of  Austria, 

Tyrol,  9  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Trent,  on  the  Adige.    Pop.  1023. 

Calice  di  Vara,  kl'lo-chi  dee  vi'ri,  a  town  of  Italy, 

province  of  Mossa  e  Carrara,  11  miles  S.  of  Pontrcmoli.     It 

Is  commanded  by  a  castle,  and  has  oil-mills.     Pop.  3250. 

Cal'ico,  a  silver-mining  post-village  of  San  Bernardino 
30„  Ciil..  12  miles  N.E.  of  Barstow.     Pop.  500. 

Cal'icut,  or  Kol'ikod,  a  town  of  the  Malabar  dii'trict, 
Madras  presidency,  on  the  W.  coast  of  India,  560  miles  S. 
of  Bombay.  Lat.  11°  15'  N.;  Ion.  75°  52'  E.  It  wa;  for- 
merly a  Portuguese  colony,  but  has  been  in  English  hands 
since  1792.  It  has  a  large  trade  with  Arabia  and  Persia, 
although  its  anchorage  is  but  an  open  roadstead.  Pop. 
47,960,  chiefly  Mohammedans,  of  partial  Arabian  stock.  It 
ships  cocoa  oil,  coir,  betel,  pepper,  ginger,  teak,  saffron, 
sandal-wood,  cardamoms,  and  wax. 

CaPien'te,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Kern  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  252  miles  S.S.E.  of  Stockton. 
Cal'ifon%  a  post- village  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  in 
High  Bridge  and  Tewkesbury  townships,  on  the  High 
Bridge  Railroad,  5  miles  N.N.E.  of  High  Bridge.  It  has  2 
churches,  2  grist-mills,  and  2  saw-mills. 

California,  kal-e-for'ne-a,  a  state  of  the  American 
Union,  bordering  on  the  Pacific,  is  bounded  N.  by  Oregon, 
E.  by  Nevada  and  Arizona,  S.  by  Mexico  (Lower  Califor- 
nia), and  W,  by  the  Pacific  Ocean,  its  N.  and  S.  limits 
being  the  parallels  32°  28'  and  42'  N.  lat.  The  Colorado 
of  the  West  washes  the  southernmost  portion  of  its  E.  bound- 
ary, dividing  it  from  Arizona ;  and  its  sea-coast  has  a  gen- 
eral N.W.  and  S.E.  trend.  Area,  158,360  square  miles, 
more  than  equal  to  the  areas  of  New  England,  New  York, 
atid  Pennsylvania  combined.     Capital,  Sacramento. 

Surface,  Coast-Line,  &c. — A  most  conspicuous  feature  of 
California  scenery  is  its  vast  mountain-system.  Along  its 
eastern  boundary  extends  the  lofty  Sierra  Nevada,  or 
Snowy  Mountain  range  (which  see),  averaging  some  70 
mil«s  in  breadth,  and  embracing  among  its  peaks  some  of 
the  highest  points  in  the  United  States,  Along  the  Cali- 
fornia coast  extends  the  Coast  Range  (which  see),  and  at 
the  Tejon  Pass  in  the  S.  and  in  the  N.  near  Mount  Shasta 
these  two  mountain-systems  are  linked  with  each  other  by 
transverse  ranges.  Between  these  ranges  lies  the  magnifi- 
cent valley  of  the  rivers  Sacramento  and  San  Joaquin,  re- 
nowned for  its  beauty  and  fertility.  The  marvellous  Yo- 
semito  Valley  (see  Yosemite),  and  other  valleys,  whose 
scenery  is  scarcely  less  wonderful,  are  situated  on  the  west- 
ern slope  of  the  great  Sierra,  while  the  E.  slope  is  rich  in 
mineral  treasures.  None  of  the  scanty  streams  of  this  sec- 
tion discharge  their  waters  into  the  sea,  and  its  somewhat 
numerous  lakes  are  in  many  instances  filled  with  complex 
alkaline  solutions.  Of  these  Mono  Lake  is  one  of  the  most 
remarkable.  S.  of  the  Tejon  Pass  lies  Southern  California, 
whose  climate  is  so  finely  adapted  to  the  growth  of  sub- 
tropical fruits.  The  extreme  N.  is  an  elevated  mountain 
region,  densely  timbered,  especially  near  the  sea,  with  a 
broken  surface,  and  a  much  colder  and  more  rainy  climate 
than  any  other  portion  of  the  state  possesses.    The  coast- 


line is  nowhere  deeply  indented,  except  by  the  Hunibnllt, 
San  Francisco,  and  San  Diego  Bays,  which  afiVjrd  the  b«i<t 
harbors  in  the  state,  that  of  San  Francisco  being  of  the  first 
importance.  Of  much  less  consequence  are  the  ]>urt8  of 
Crescent  City,  Bodega,  Trinidad,  San  Pedro,  San  Luis, 
Monterey,  Santa  Cruz,  and  Half  Moon  Buys.  .San  I'libln 
and  Suisun  Bays  form  an  eastern  extension  of  the  Buy  of 
San  Francisco,  and  through  them  the  navigable  rivers 
Sacramento  and  San  Joaquin  discharge  their  waters.  Ex- 
cepting these  two  rivers  and  some  of  their  larger  tribu- 
taries,  there  are  very  few  streams  in  the  state  whose  navi- 
gation is  at  all  practicable. 

Climate. — Extending  for  more  than  700  miles  from  N.  to 
S.,  California  presents  a  very  great  variety  of  cliumtio  con- 
ditions. The  winter  climate  of  the  northern  mountains  is 
severe,  and  the  rainfall  of  the  N.W.,  especially  in  winter, 
is  very  large.  The  climate  of  the  section  W.  of  the  Coast 
Mountains,  especially  northward,  is  damp,  foggy,  and  quite 
cold,  even  in  summer,  more  jiartieularly  at  night,  h.  of 
these  mountains  the  winter  cliu;ate  is  very  delightful,  es- 
pecially in  the  S.  and  in  the  great  central  valley ;  but  in 
summer  the  greater  part  of  California  is  parched  and  dried, 
so  scanty  is  the  rainfall  and  so  extreme  the  heat.  But  the 
nights  are  almost  everywhere  cool,  and  the  dryness  of  the 
air,  with  the  constant  prevalence  of  breezes,  i>revents  the 
heat  from  becoming  oppressive.  The  climate  of  California, 
as  a  whole,  is  one  of  the  finest  in  the  world.  In  the  great 
central  valley  an  extensive  system  of  irrigation  has  been  in- 
augurated, and  has  greatly  extended  the  area  of  cultivable 
land,  already  large.  In  the  S.,  water  is  very  generally 
brought  upon  the  cultivated  lands  by  long  ditches,  and  in 
some  places  artesian  wells  have  been  successfully  employed. 
Large  portions  of  the  S.E.  are  too  hot  and  dry  for  success- 
ful agriculture.  Excepting  some  maUrial  tracts  on  the 
rivers,  California  is  exempt  from  endemic  diseases.  South- 
ern California  is  resorted  to  by  invalids  as  a  sanitarium. 

Geology  and  Mineral  Wealth. — The  great  geological  fea- 
tures of  the  state  are — (1)  The  extensive  lava-field  of  the 
N.E.,  and  smaller  fields  of  the  same  general  character  much 
farther  S.,  along  the  Sierras.  These  give  evidence  of  com- 
paratively recent  volcanic  action,  although  there  arc  now 
no  active  volcanoes.  Further  evidence  of  this  kind  ii 
afibrded  by  the  old  craters  on  some  of  the  mountains,  by 
the  occasional  earthquakes,  and  by  the  thermal  and  sulphur 
springs  and  the  sulphur-bearing  strata  found  at  various 
points.  (2.)  The  metamorphic  and  eozoic  formation  of  the 
N.W.,  whose  southern  line  extends  irregularly  from  Cape 
Mendocino  to  Mount  Shasta ;  and  the  southeastern  exten- 
sion of  the  same,  which  occupies  a  great  part  of  the  area  of 
the  Sierras,  as  far  S.  as  the  Tejon,  and  is  prolonged  irregu- 
larly southward  by  the  San  Bernardino  and  San  Jacinto 
Mountains,  (3.)  The  tertiary  and  post-tertiary  of  the  val- 
leys of  the  Sacramento,  San  Joaquin,  and  the  Salinas  Rivers; 
and  (4)  the  cretaceous,  which  occupies  considerable  areas, 
mostly  upon  and  along  the  Coast  Range.  The  coal  of  Monte 
Diablo  is  of  cretaceous  or  tertiary  origin,  and,  though  not 
of  a  high  grade  of  excellence,  is  the  best  and  most  abundant 
thus  far  wrought  in  the  state.  It  is  stated  that  in  Califor- 
nia gold  has  been  found  in  strata  of  almost  every  geological 
age;  but  the  most  productive  gold-regions  are  reported  to 
be  the  detached  Jurassic  and  triassic  fields  which  skirt  or 
rest  upon  the  Sierra  at  various  points.  Besides  gold  and 
coal  considerable  silver-quartz,  cinnabar,  copper  ore,  borax, 
and  sulphur  are  obtained.  The  yield  of  precious  metals 
since  the  discovery  of  gold  in  California,  in  18-18,  has  been 
enormous,  and  is  estimated  to  have  been  from  .$800,000,000 
to  $1,000,000,000.  There  has  been  a  marked  falling  off  in 
late  years,  the  total  product  for  1889  being  valued  at 
$12,842,757,  Rock  salt,  soda,  iron  ore,  antimony,  excellent 
fuller's  earth,  asphalt,  and  petroleum  are  among  the  other 
valuable  mineral  substances.  The  cinnabar-mines  are  rich 
and  especially  important.  They  are  found  in  the  Coast 
Mountains,  and  there  are  11  productive  mines  in  the  state. 
In  1889  the  amount  of  quicksilver  produced  was  2,024,496 
pounds,  a  quantity  considerably  below  the  annual  yield. 
Tin  ore  exists  at  several  points. 

Natural  History. — Both  the  flora  and  the  fauna  of  the 
state  are  strongly  characteristic.  Among  the  trees  we  may 
enumerate  the  mammoth  tree  (Sequoia  rjigantea),  a  com- 
paratively infrequent  species,  remarkable  for  the  prodigious 
size  of  some  of  its  examples;  the  redwood  of  the  N.W. 
(Sequoia  sempervirens),  a  very  valuable  timber  tree ;  six- 
teen species  of  pine,  six  of  fir,  four  of  cypress,  twelve  of 
oak,  one  of  walnut,  a  plane-tree,  an  ash,  several  maples, 
and  many  scarcely  less  important  trees.  There  is,  however, 
a  deficiency  of  hard-wood  timber.  Many  fine  flowering  and 
evergreen  shrubs  are  peculiar  to  this  coast.    A  wild  oat 


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(Avena  fatua),  the  introduced  alfalfa  or  lucern,  and  pin- 
i  grass  {Elodium),  a  geraniaceous  plant,  are  among  the  most 
■  important  forage-plants  of  California.    Among  the  remark- 
able animals  are  the  grizzly  bear,  the  puma,  known  as  the 
California  lion,  the  big-horn  or  mountain  sheep,  several 
species  of  deer,  fox,  and  wolf,  several  seals,  including  the  so- 
called  sea-lion,  numerous  rodents,  and  a  very  large  number 
of  species  of  birds  (among  which  we  may  mention  the  road- 
runner  or  ground  cuckoo,  the  California  quail,  Ac).    Among 
the  numerous  fishes  are  several  kinds  of  trout  and  salmon, 
and  in  some  of  the  northern  streams  the  taking  of  salmon 
I  is  an  important  industry.     On  some  islands  off  the  coast 
sea-birds'  eggs  are  largely  obtained  as  food.    There  are  sev- 
'  eral  species  of  rattlesnake,  and  many  harmless  serpents. 
I  In  some  portions  grasshoppers  have  been  very  destructive 
!  at  times,  and  in  some  southern  localities  insects  so  abound 
atcertain  seasons  as  to  be  very  annoying  and  destructive. 
Objects   of  Interest  to   Tourists.  —  Among  these  are  the 
I  Geysers  (thermal  springs)  of  Sonoma  co. ;  the  Great  Trees 
1  of  Mariposa  and  Calaveras :  Shasta  Butte ;  the  stupendous 
j  cataracts  of  Fall  River,  in  Butte  co. ;  the  quicksilver-mines 
of  New  Almaden,  New  Idria,  <fee. ;   the  lakes  Tahoe  and 
'  Donner;  Borax  Lake,  Clear  Lake;  the  upper  valley  of  the 
j  Kern  River,  with  its  remarkable  mountain-scenery;  Yo- 
(  Semite;  Lake  Tulare;  the  picturesque  northern  coast;  the 
\  southern  counties,  famous  for  the  growing  of  sub-tropical 
I  fruits,  and   much  visited   as   sanitary  resorts;   while   the 
I  more  adventurous  traveller  will  be  abundantly  repaid  for 
i  visiting  Mono  Lake,  the   Death  Valley,  the   Mojave  and 
i  Colorado  Deserts,  the  great  mountains  of  the  Sierra,  and 

the  Lava  Beds  of  Modoc  co. 
I  Agriculture. — The  soil  of  a  large  portion  of  California  is 
I  deep,  rich,  and  very  profitably  cultivated;  and  for  several 
;  years  past  the  state  has  been  more  famous  for  her  vast  fields 
of  the  best  of  wheat,  her  great  wool-production,  her  fine 
fruits,  and  the  products  of  her  generous  vineyards,  than  for 
the  less  valuable  precious  metals  which  she  has  produced  in 
so  lavish  measure.  Before  the  American  occupation,  hides 
and  other  cattle-products  were  the  chief  exports;  and  after 
it  became  a  state,  agriculture  was  neglected  until  the  grad- 
nal  failure  of  small  mining  operations  became  apparent. 
Sheep-farming  early  attracted  attention,  and  it  is  still 
largely  carried  on.  In  some  years  the  wool-clip  has 
amounted  to  over  40,000,000  pounds,  but  it  has  materially 
diminished  since  1880.  Wheat-growing  is  carried  on  very 
extensively.  Ploughing  generally  begins  in  December; 
sowing  begins  at  once,  and  may  be  continued  all  winter. 
There  are  no  rains  after  April  15,  as  a  rule.  In  May 
the  harvest  begins.  The  heads  of  wheat  alone  are  gath- 
ered, and  threshing  is  done  on  the  field.  The  yield  some- 
times amounts  to  over  30,000,000  bushels.  The  production 
of  grapes,  of  both  native  American  and  European  varieties, 
is  very  largely  carried  on,  and  wine-making  is  an  important 
industry,  the  product  in  favorable  seasons  realizing  some 
10,000,000  gallons  of  wine  and  1,000,000  gallons  of  brandy. 
Raisins,  prunes,  dried  figs,  and  other  dried  fruits  are  ex- 
tensively prepared  in  various  parts  of  California.  In  the 
8.  oranges,  lemons,  and  other  tropical  fruits  are  raised, 
while  almo-ads,  English  walnuts,  olives  for  oil  and  pickles, 
citrons,  pomegranates,  <fcc.,  are  successfully  grown.  To- 
bacco, Indian  corn,  barley,  hops,  peanuts,  Ac,  are  produced 
largely  in  various  parts.  Cotton  has  done  well  in  several 
places,  as  well  as  the  sugar-beet.  Silk-culture  has  been 
tried  with  success.  Marin  co.  has  a  large  dairy  business. 
Grapes,  pears,  cherries,  and  other  fruits  are  sent  in  great 
quantities  to  the  East  by  rail.  The  common  potato  does 
not  succeed  well,  except  near  Humboldt  Bay.  Tea-  and 
cofifee-raising  has  been  experimentally  tried,  with  favor- 
able results.  Market-gardening  is  chiefly  in  the  hands  of 
Chinese  immigrants,  who  are  very  expert  in  the  business. 
In  the  S.  honey  of  excellent  quality  is  very  extensively 
produced. 

Manufactures  and  Commerce. — The  manufacturing  in- 
terests of  California  are  of  growing  importance.  Lumber 
and  flour  are  important  products.  The  woollen  industry, 
once  of  great  value,  has  steadily  declined.  None  of  the 
large  factories  are  operated,  and  in  1890  there  were  but  six 
small  woollen-mills  in  the  state.  Wine,  brandy,  cigars, 
tobacco,  iron  and  metallic  wares,  and  machinery  are  the 
leading  manufactured  articles.  The  fisheries  are  carried  on 
chiefly  from  San  Francisco,  and  considerable  capital  is  in-, 
vested.  Most  of  the  commerce  of  the  state  is  carried  on  at 
Snn  Francisco.  There  is  a  coasting  trade  to  Puget  Sound  and 
Oregon,  and  a  foreign  trade  to  British  Columbia,  Panama, 
Liverpool,  Australia,  China,  and  Japan.  With  the  Atlantic 
ports  there  is  a  trade  via  Cape  Horn,  as  well  as  by  the 
Panama  route  and  by  rail. 


The  number  of  miles  of  railway  in  1890  was  43.S6.  Th« 
Central  Pacific  &  Southern  Pacific  Railroads  control  more 
than  two-thirds  of  all  the  railroad  property. 

Counties. — California  has  54  counties,  viz.,  Alameda,  Al- 
pine, Amador,  Butte,  Calaveras,  Colusa,  Contra  Costa,  Del 
Norte,  El  Dorado,  Fresno,  Glenn,  Humboldt,  Inyo,  Kern, 
Lake,  Lassen,  Los  Angeles,  Marin,  Mariposa,  Mendocino, 
Merced,  Modoc,  Mono,  Monterey,  Napa,  Nevada,  Orange, 
Placer,  Plumas,  Sacramento,  San  Benito,  San  Bernardino, 
San  Diego,  San  Francisco,  San  Joaquin,  San  Luis  Obispo, 
San  Mateo,  Santa  Barbara,  Santa  Clara,  Santa  Cruz,  Shasta, 
Sierra,  Siskiyou,  Solano,  Sonoma,  Stanislaus,  Sutter,  Tehama, 
Trinity,  Tulare,  Tuolumne,  Ventura,  Yolo,  and  Yuba.  The 
principal  towns  are  San  Francisco  (pop.  in  1890,  298,997), 
Sacramento  (the  capital,  26,386),  Los  Angeles  (50,395), 
Oakland  (48,682),  San  Jos6  (18,060),  San  Diego  (16,159), 
Stockton  (14,424),  Alameda  (11,165),  Fresno  (10,818). 

Education. — The  school  S3'8tem  of  California  has  been 
inaugurated  on  a  scale  proportionate  to  the  magnitude  of 
the  natural  and  industrial  features  of  the  state.  In  1888  there 
were  188,387 children  between  6  and  17attending  public,  and 
20,768  attending  private  schools.  The  permanent  state  fund 
was  $2,996,627.12,  the  total  school  revenue,  $5,132,413.69, 
and  the  total  expense  for  the  year,  $4,321,381.50.  In  ac- 
cordance with  the  legislative  acts  of  1885  and  1887,  the 
state  has  undertaken  the  publication  of  school-books  to  be 
used  in  all  the  public  schools.  The  experiment  has  proved, 
on  the  whole,  unsatisfactory.  There  is  a  state  normal  school 
nt  San  Jos6,  and  a  branch  normal  school  at  Los  Angeles. 
The  public  high  schools  have  two  departments,  one  of  them 
preparatory  for  the  state  university.  The  university  of 
California,  at  Berkclej',  is  the  largest  educational  estab- 
lishment on  the  Pacific  coast.  It  includes  schools  of  letters, 
agriculture,  mechanics,  raining,  engineering,  chemistry, 
medicine,  and  pharmacy,  and  a  course  of  popular  instruction, 
the  three  last-mentioned  at  San  Francisco.  There  are  sev- 
eral collegiate  institutions,  and  a  good  number  of  private 
and  denominational,  as  well  as  medical,  theological,  busi- 
ness, art,  industrial,  prison,  military,  cosmopolitan,  mission 
(Chinese,  Indian,  Ac),  and  other  schools.  Public  educa- 
tion is  presided  over  by  a  state  superintendent  of  schools, 
and  there  are  also  county  and  city  superintendents.  Women 
are  eligible  to  educational  offices.  The  munificent  gifts  of 
Mr.  James  Lick  for  educational  purposes  (1874)  should 
here  be  mentioned.  The  famous  Lick  Astronomical  Ob- 
servatory is  situated  at  Mt.  Hamilton.  The  corner-stone  of 
the  Stanford  University  was  laid  at  Palo  Alto  in  May,  1887, 
and  the  institution  has  an  endowment  of  over  $20,000,000. 

Population. — The  population  of  California  in  1850  was 
92,597;  in  1860,  379,994;  in  1870,  560,247;  in  1880,  864,- 
694,  of  whom  767,181  were  white,  6018  colored,  16,277 
Indian,  and  75,218  Chinese  and  other  Asiatics.  The  total 
population  of  the  state  in  1890  was  1,208,130.  The  num- 
ber of  Chinese  immigrants  very  largely  increased  between 
1870  and  1880,  but  though  they  are  thrifty  and  industrious, 
they  seldom  become  citizens  of  the  United  States,  and  their 
presence  is  felt  seriously  to  complicate  the  industrial  and 
social  problems  of  the  day.  In  1880  the  restriction  of 
Chinese  immigration  went  into  effect,  but  so  many  new- 
comers have  surreptitiously  crossed  the  borders  from  Brit- 
ish Columbia  and  Mexico,  that  there  has  been  little  if  any 
decrease  in  the  Chinese  population. 

Government. — The  state  constitution  was  adopted  in  1850. 
The  governor  is  chosen  for  a  term  of  two  years.  The  legis- 
lature consists  of  a  senate  of  40,  chosen  for  4  years  (one- 
half  elected  every  2  years),  and  a  house  of  representatives, 
80  in  number,  chosen  for  2  years.  All  judges  of  courts  are 
elected  by  the  people,  and  serve  for  a  limited  term  of  years. 
Every  voter  must  be  a  United  States  citizen,  resident  6 
months  in  the  state,  and  30  days  in  the  election  district 
where  he  votes. 

BanJcs,  (fee. — There  were  in  1890  37  national  banks,  with 
a  total  capital  of  $8,425,000,  and  163  state  banks,  of  which 
37  were  savings-banks,  besides  27  private  banks.  The  rates 
of  interest  in  California,  formerly  very  high,  have  not  di- 
minished as  much  as  recent  changes  in  financial  affairs 
would  appear  to  warrant,  as  the  state  still  affords  a  large 
field  for  industrial  and  speculative  ventures  which  give 
money  a  high  market  value. 

History. — California  was  the  New  or  Upper  California  of 
the  Spaniards  and  Mexicans,  so  called  to  distinguish  it  from 
the  Californian  peninsula,  which  is  still  held  by  Mexico, 
Its  coast  was  visited  by  Cabrillo  in  1542,  by  Drake  in 
1578  (he  named  it  New  Albion),  and  by  Sebastian  Viscayno 
in  1602.  In  1769  the  Franciscans  planted  colonies  at  San 
Diego.  In  1776  they  established  the  Mission  Dolores  at 
San  Francisco,  and  ere  long  they  had  more  than  20  of  thew 


CAL 


r«4 


CAL 


■gricuUur&l  miuiond,  which  they  carried  on  by  the  aid  of 
the  Indians,  whom  tliey  converted  and  brought  to  a  condi- 
tion of  vosiuiliige,  or  at  best  to  a  state  of  submissive  pupil- 
age. The  country  bad  nftcr  this  n  large  export  trade  in 
wool  and  hiiios,  and  the  fathers  of  the  mission  bocftino  very 
wealthy.  After  1822,  when  Mexico  was  free  from  Spanish 
domination,  Mexican  and  other  settlers  began  to  ooiuo  in. 
Fremont's  expo<lilion«  (1842  and  1S69)  aroused  no  small  in- 
terest in  Upper  California,  and  some  thousands  of  Ameri- 
cans entered  the  country  in  consequence.  In  1840,  during 
the  Mexican  war,  Commodores  Sloat  and  Stookton  occujiiod 
the  most  important  points  along  the  coast,  and,  with  aid 
from  Oenoral  S.  W.  Kearney  and  Colonel  Fremont,  made 
conquest  of  the  territory,  which  was  confirmed  to  the  United 
Stiitos  by  the  convention  of  Guadalupe  liidalgo.  In  1848 
gold  was  discovered,  and  the  rush  of  adventurers  to  Califor- 
nia began.  In  1849  a  state  constitution  was  framed,  and  in 
1850  the  state  was  admitted  to  the  Union.  The  progress  of 
the  state,  since  the  final  overthrow  (1855)  of  the  ruflian  ele- 
ment, which  was  so  largely  drawn  to  California  in  the  early 
years  of  the  gold  excitement,  has  been  steady  in  all  that 
constitutes  material,  commercial,  and  social  advancement. 

California,  a  township  of  Starlce  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  251. 

CaliCornin,  a  township  of  Coffey  co.,  Kansas.  P.  438. 

California,  a  post-village  of  Campbell  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Ohio  Uiver,  8  miles  from  Butler  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  about  130. 

California,  a  station  in  Madison  parish.  La.,  on  the 
Vicksburg,  Shreveport  k  Texas  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  the 
Mississippi  River. 

Caliiornia,  a  post- village  of  St.  Mary's  oo.,  Md.,  about 
6  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Leonardtown.     It  has  several  stores. 

California,  a  post-townt^hip  and  hamlet  of  Branch  co., 
Mich.,  about  14  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Coldwater,  is  traversed 
by  the  Fort  Wuyne,  Jackson  &  Saginaw  Railroad.  It  has 
2  churches.     Pop.  841. 

California,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Moniteau  co.. 
Mo.,  on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  150  miles  W.  of  St. 
Louis,  and  39  miles  E.  of  Sedalia.  It  has  a  national  bank, 
9  churches,  a  graded  school,  3  newspaper  offices,  3  fiouring- 
miils,  and  a  woollen-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  1772. 

California,  a  post-hamlet  of  Currituck  co.,  N.C.,  on 
Powell's  Point,  60  miles  S.S.E.  of  Norfolk,  Va. 

California,  a  township  of  Pitt  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  3626. 

California,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  in  An- 
derson township,  3  J  miles  from  Columbia,  which  is  a  suburb 
of  Cincinnati.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a 
stove-foundry. 

Cal  ifornia,  avillage  of  Madison  co.,  0.,  about  20  miles 
S.W.  of  Columbus.     Pop.  112. 

California  (Flat  Post-Office),  a  village  of  Pike  co.,  0., 
in  Marion  township,  about  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Portsmouth. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
woollen-factory.     Pop.  400. 

California,  a  post-borough  of  Washington  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Monongahela  River,  50  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg,  and  5 
miles  below  Brownsville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  bank,  a  flint-glass-fuctory,  coal-mines,  and  a  boat- 
yard. Here  is  the  Southwestern  Normal  School.  Steam- 
boats ply  between  this  place  and  Pittsburg.     Pop.  1024. 

California,  Quebec.    See  Aubrev. 

California  Corners,  Ontario.    See  Mongolia. 

California  Junction,  in  Cincinnati  township,  Har- 
rison CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Sioux  City  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Iowa  and  Nebraska  divisions  of  that  road,  TO 
miles  S.  of  Sioux  City.  From  this  point  cars  are  ferried 
across  the  Missouri  to  Nebraska.     Post-office  name,  Yazoo. 

California,  Lower  or  Old  (Sp.  Boja  or  Vieja  Cali- 
fornia, b&'iii  or  vc-4'ni  kl-le-foR'ne-i),  a  territory  of  Mex- 
ico, on  the  W.  coast,  and  formed  of  a  peninsula  lying  from 
N.W.  to  S.E.,  about  750  miles  long  by  from  30  to  150  broad, 
and  extending  from  Cape  St.  Lucas,  its  most  S.  point,  lat. 
22°  62'  N.,  Ion.  109°  53'  W.,  to  lat.  32°  30'  N. ;  bounded  N. 
by  the  State  of  California,  E.  by  the  Gulf  of  California, 
and  S.  and  W.  by  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Area,  61,544  square 
miles.  The  peninsula  is  traversed  throughout  by  a  contin- 
uation of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  from  1000  to  nearly  5000  feet 
high,  the  culminating  peak,  Cerro  de  la  Giganta,  being  4900 
feet.  It  has  2  extinct  volcanoes,  and  a  number  of  springs  of 
hot  water  and  of  bitumen  ;  earthquakes  are  frequent.  This 
mountain-range  is  almost  bare  of  verdure.  Along  the 
mountain-foot  the  ground  is  sandy  or  stony  and  covered 
with  cactuses.  Among  the  ridges  and  protected  hollows  are 
a  few  spots  of  soil,  formed  generally  of  decomposed  lava. 
Water  and  soil  are  seldom  met  with  at  the  same  place. 
Where,  however,  this  happens  to  be  the  case,  the  fertility  is 
immense.     Only  two  streams  fall  from  its  mountains  into 


the  Gulf  of  California,  both  near  the  middle  of  the  penin- 
sula, and  only  three  into  the  Pacific ;  and  none  of  tlioin  are 
large.  In  the  interior  are  springs,  sending  forth  abundant 
streams,  which  run  along  a  rocky  course  and  are  absorbed 
in  the  i)orou8  soil  or  lost  in  subterranean  channels.  For 
about  80  miles  N.  from  Cape  San  Lucas  the  air  is  mild,  being 
tempered  by  the  sea-breeze;  frota  this  section  N.  to  Loretn 
Ittt.  26°  16'  N.,  the  heat  is  excessive;  but  thence  N.  the  nir 
is  cooler.  The  temperature  of  summer  on  the  conft  of  the 
Pacific  ranges  from  58°  to  71°;  the  sky  is  peculiarly  clear, 
of  a  deep  blue,  and  perfectly  cloudless.  In  winter  tlic  rains 
are  severe,  but  of  short  duration,  and  accompanied  by  vio- 
lent winds.  During  the  rains  the  thermometer  falls  as 
low  as  50°.  The  variety  of  climate,  however,  is  great.  The 
fertile  spots  of  Lower  California  yield  maize,  manioc,  wheat, 
beans,  peas,  and  esculent  roots,  excellent  grapes,  from  whith 
wine  is  made,  oranges,  lemons,  limes,  citrons,  prunes,  dates, 
plantains,  pine-apples,  Ac.  The  mountains  feed  a  few  sheep 
and  goats;  and  to  a  small  extent  horses,  cattle,  mules,  and 
pigs  are  reared.  The  sea  is  stored  with  fish  in  incredible 
abundance  and  variety;  among  them  may  be  named  hali- 
but,  turbot,  skate,  pilchard,  thornback,  mackerel,  barbel, 
bonitos,  solos,  lobsters,  tunnies,  anchovies,  and  oysters.  The 
pearl  oyster  is  obtained  in  the  gulf,  and  was  formerly  much 
more  extensively  fished  than  at  present.  Gold  is  supposed 
to  abound.  The  chief  towns  are  La  Paz,  the  capital,  near 
the  S.E.  extremity  of  the  peninsula,  and  Loreto,  in  about 
lat.  26°  12'  N.,  Ion.  112°  7'  W.  Lower  California  was  dis- 
covered by  Hernando  de  Grixalva  in  1634.  In  1042  the 
Jesuits  formed  establishments  in  it;  they  taught  the  nativea 
the  art  of  cultivating  the  ground,  and  raised  them  greatly 
in  the  scale  of  civilization.  In  the  reign  of  Philip  V.,m<)re 
especially  subsequent  to  1744,  the  Spanish  establiishmcnts  in 
California  increased,  and  became  very  considerable.  In  a 
very  few  years  the  Jesuits  built  16  villages  in  the  interior 
of  the  peninsula;  but  in  1767  ihey  were  expelled,  and  the 
administration  was  committed  to  monks  of  the  Dominican 
order,  who  have  not  maintained  the  same  career  of  useful- 
ness as  their  predecessors.  Pop.,  according  to  official  esti. 
mate  in  1890,  31,167. 

Calig,  k4  leeg',  or  Calix,  ki-leen',  a  town  of  Spain,  38 
miles  N.E.  of  Castellon  do  la  Plana.     Pop.  .3620. 

Calimera,  k&-le-m&'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  13^  miles 
N.W.  of  Otranto.     Pop.  2472. 

Calimere  (k4-l6-meer')  Point,  a  cape  on  the  coast  of 
India.     Lat.  10°  17'  N.;  Ion.  79°  5'  E. 

Caling^apatam',  a  seaport  town  of  India,  in  Madras, 
on  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Chicacole. 

Calipujang,  ki-le-poo-ying',  a  harbor  of  the  island  of 
Java,  on  the  S.  coast,  inside  of  the  islands  of  Noosa-Kem- 
bangan  and  Noosa-R6,  in  lat.  7°  33'  S.,  Ion.  106°  30'  E. 

Calistoga,  kSl-is-to'ga,  an  incorporated  post-town  of 
Napa  CO.,  Cal.,  73  miles  by  rail  N.  of  San  Francisco,  in  the 
Napa  Valley,  about  3  miles  from  the  base  of  Mt.  St.  Helena. 
It  has  warm  mineral  springs,  a  public  school,  and  4  churches. 
Its  chief  industries  are  wine-making,  mining,  and  prune- 
growing.  Pop.  about  900.  It  is  the  northern  terminus  of 
the  California  Pacific  Railroad. 

Calitri,  ki-lee'trec,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Avel- 
lino,  near  the  Ofanto,  7  miles  E.N.E.  of  Conza.     Pop.  6629. 

Calizzano,  ki-leet-s&'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  on  the 
Bormida,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Cairo.     Pop.  2782. 

Calken,  a  town  of  Belgium.    See  Calcken. 

Calkiusville,  kawk'inz-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Isabella 
CO.,  Mich.,  8  miles  S.  of  Clare.     It  has  a  church. 

Cal'ia,  a  village  of  Pawnee  co.,  Neb.,  12  miles  S.AV.  of 
Table  Rock  Station.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  stone-quarry. 

Callac,  kiriik',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Cotes- 
du-Nord,  37  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Brieuc.     Pop.  3307. 

CalMacaud',  a  town  of  India,  presidency  of  Madroo, 
30  miles  N.  of  Cape  Comorin.     Pop.  11,580. 

CaPlacoil',  a  town  of  India,  presidency  of  Madras,  60 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Tanjore. 

Callaghan's,  kal'la-nanz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allegheny 
CO.,  Va.,  on  the  Chesapeake  k  Ohio  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W. 
of  Covington.     It  has  a  church  and  a  manuftictory  of  gloves 

Callahan,  kal'la-hUn,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central 
part  of  Texas,  has  an  area  of  about  900  square  miles.  It  U 
partly  drained  by  the  Pecan  River.  The  surface  is  diversi- 
fied by  mountains,  among  which  are  East  Caddo  Peak  and 
West  Caddo  Peak.     Capital,  Baird.     Pop.  in   1890,  5467. 

Callahan,  a  post-village  of  Nassau  oo.,  Fla.,  on  the 
Florida  Railway  &  Navigation  Company  and  the  Savan- 
nah, Florida,  A  Western  Railways,  27  miles  W.S.W.  of  Fer- 
nandina,  and  20  miles  N.W.  of  Jacksonville.  It  has  a 
Methodist  church.  It  is  surrounded  by  forests  of  pine. 
Pop.  about  100. 


i 


QAii 


765 


CAL 


-^  Callahan,  or  Callahain,  a  hamlet  of  North  Caro- 
Una.    See  Calahan. 

Callahan's  Ranch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Siskiyou  co., 
Cal.,  80  miles  from  Redding.     It  has  a  church. 

Callain,  or  Callam.    See  Calang. 

Cal'lan,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  8  miles  S.W.  of  Kil- 
kenny.    Pop.  2;!S9. 

Callana,  ki-li'nS,,  or  Calanna,  k4-l4n'ni,  a  town 
tnd  mountainous  district  of  Africa,  in  Soodan.  The  moun- 
tains form  part  of  the  Bataka  Range,  a  branch  of  the 
Mountains  of  Kong.  The  town  of  Callana  is  about  460 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Timbuctoo,  in  lat.  11°  12'  N.,  Ion.  2°  \V. 

Cal'lanan,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  Iowa. 

Callanan's  Corners,  a  post-village  of  Albany  co., 
N.Y.,  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Albany.     It  has  2  churches. 

Cal'lander,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  30  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Perth.     Pop.  1870. 

Cal'lands,  a  post-office  of  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va. 

Callao,  k3,M6w',  an  island  of  Cochin  China.  Lat.  15° 
48'  N. ;  Ion.  10.8°  30'  E.     It  has  a  town  on  its  S.W.  shore. 

Callao,  kil-li'o  or  kll-yi'o,  a  town  of  Peru,  nnd  its 

Erincipal  seaport,  on  the  Pacific  Ocean,  6  miles  by  rail  W.  of 
ima.  Lat.  12°  4'  S. ;  Ion.  77°  13'  W.  Its  anchorage,  partly 
sheltered  by  two  islands,  has  been  further  improved  by 
harbor-walls,  floating-  and  wet-docks,  and  a  good  mole.  It 
hasgas-works,  sugar-refineries,  machine-shops,  steam-cranes 
for  loading  and  unloading  ships,  is  well  fortified,  and  ships 
much  guano,  sugar,  wool,  <fec.     Pop.  33,502. 

Callao,  a  department  of  Peru,  adjoining  that  of  Lima. 
Pop.  34,492. 

Cai'iao,  a  post-village  of  Irlaoon  co..  Mo.,  in  Callao 
township,  on  the  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  Railroad,  9  miles 
W.  of  Macon  City,  and  79  miles  W.  of  Hannibal.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  graded  public  school,  and  a  public  school  for 
colored  children,  a  newspaper  office,  and  woollen-  and  roller- 
mills.     Pop.  371,-  of  the  township.  1161. 

Callapooya,  a  river  of  Oregon.    See  Calapooya. 
,    Callas,  kilMis',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Var, 
5  miles  N.B.  of  Draguignan.     Pop.  2006. 

Callaway,  or  Calloway,  kal'la-way,  a  county  in  the 
S.W.  part  of  Kentucky,  bordering  on  Tennessee.  Area, 
450  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Tennessee 
River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Clark's  River.  The  surface  is 
partly  level  and  partly  hilly ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Tobacco, 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
Capital,  Murray.  Pop.  in  1870,  9410;  in  1880,  13,295;  in 
1890,  14,675.    The  county  has  large  forests  of  hard  timber. 

Callaway,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Missouri, 
has  an  area  of  about  760  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.  by  the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  Cedar  Creek, 
and  also  drained  by  Loutre  River.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating, and  extensively  covered  with  forests.  Nearly  one- 
half  of  the  county  is  prairie.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  In- 
dian corn,  oats,  wheat,  cattle,  tobacco,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  has  large  beds  of  bituminous 
coal  and  fine  limestone  (Lower  Silurian).  It  is  intersected 
by  a  branch  of  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad.  Capital, 
Fulton.     Pop.  in  1880,  23,670;  in  1890,  25,131. 

Callaway,  a  post-office  of  Bell  co.,  Ky. 

Callaway,  a  station  in  Callaway  co..  Mo.,  4  miles  N. 
of  Fulton,  and  on  the  railroad  from  Jefferson  City  to  Mexico. 

Callaway,  a  township  of  St.  Charles  co..  Mo.    P.  1746. 

Callaway,  an  incorporated  post-village  and  railroad 
terminus  of  Custer  co.,  Neb.,  about  17  miles  S.W.  of  Broken 
Bow.  It  has  2  churches,  2  banks,  flouring-mills,  a  public 
school,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  about  360. 

Callaway's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Va.,  25 
miles  S.  of  Big  Lick.    It  has  a  church  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Callenberg,  kil'len-bSno^  a  village  of  Saxony,  district 
of  Waldenburg.     Pop.  1460. 

Callenberg,  a  village  of  Saxony,  adjacent  to  the  town 
of  Lichtenstein.     Pop.  2824. 

Cal'lender,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Webster  eo., 
Iowa,  15  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Fort  Dodge.    It  has  2  churches. 

Cal'lensburg,  a  post-village  of  Clarion  co..  Pa.,  in 
Licking  township,  on  the  Clarion  River,  about  22  miles  S. 
by  E.  from  Oil  City.  It  has  an  academy,  2  churches,  and 
a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  255. 

Callewatta  River,  Australia.    See  Darling. 

Calliagna,  kilMe-in'yi,  a  village,  island  of  St.  Vin- 
cent, West  Indies,  on  its  S.  coast,  2  miles  S.E.  of  Kingstown. 

Callian,  kilMe-fts"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Var,  14  miles 
N.E.  of  Draguignan.     Pop.  1478.  I 

Callianee,  karie-an-nee',  or  CalMian',  a  town  and! 
railway  junction  of  India,  capital  of  the  Tannah  district, 
82  miles  N.E.  of  Bombay.  It  has  some  trade  in  cocoa-nuts, 
oil,  coarse  cloths,  and  earthenwares.     Pop.  12,800. 


Calliano,  k8,l-le-i'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Alessandria,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Casale.     Pop.  2966. 

CalMicoon',  a  post-township  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y., 
about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Monticello.  It  has  9  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  leather  and  lumber.  It  contains  a  village 
named  Jefferson  villc,  and  post-hamlets  named  Callicoon  and 
Youngsville.     Pop.  2487. 

Callicoon  Creek,  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  enters  the  Del- 
aware River  at  Callicoon  Depot. 

Callicoon  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Delaware  township,  on  the  Delaware  River  and  the  Erie 
Railroad,  48  miles  N.W.  of  Port  Jervis.  It  has  3  churches 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  600. 

Calliere,  kaPle'aiR',  a  village  in  Charlevoix  co.,  Quebec, 
21  miles  from  Murray  Bay.     Pop.  200. 

Calliervflle,  kal'y?r-vil,  a  post-village  of  Chilton  co., 
Ala.,  on  the  Selma,  Rome  &  Dalton  Railroad,  28  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  Selma.  It  has  2  churches,  a  cotton-factory,  and  a 
grist-mill. 

Callies,  kil-lees',  a  town  of  Prussia,  58  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Stettin.     Pop.  3246. 

Callifise,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Carife. 

CaPligray',  an  island  of  Scotland,  one  of  the  Hebrides, 
in  Harris  Sound,  3  miles  E.  of  Bernera,  2  miles  long. 

Callinger,  Kallinger,  kal'lin-j?r,  Kalleenjnr, 
or  Kallindshar,  atown  and  hill-fortress  of  British  India, 
90  miles  W.S.W.  of  Allahabad,  on  a  table-land,  1200  feet 
above  the  adjacent  plains.  The  town  stands  at  the  N.  foot 
of  a  hill,  the  summit  of  which  is  enclosed  by  walls  5  miles 
in  circumference,  and  was  taken  by  the  British  in  1812. 

Calliope,  kal-li'o-pe  (local  pron.  kal'l§-op),  a  post- 
town  of  Sioux  CO.,  Iowa,  47  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Sioux  City. 
It  has  2  churches,  several  mills,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Pop.  950. 

Callipolis,  the  ancient  name  of  Gallipoli. 

Cal'lisburg,  a  post-office  of  Cooke  co.,  Tex. 

Calliste,  an  island  of  Greece.     See  Santorisi. 

Calloo,  kil-lo',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanders, 
on  the  Scheldt,  6  miles  W.N.W.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  2678. 

Callosa  de  Ensarria,  kil-yo's&  d^  6n-saR-Ree'd,,  a 
town  of  Spain,  26  miles  N.E.  of  Alicante.     Pop.  3900. 

Callosa  de  Segura,kil-yo'sa,  Ak  sd-goc'ri,  a  town  of 
Spain,  27  miles  S.W.  of  Alicante.     Pop.  3900. 

Cal'loway,  a  post-hamlet  of  Upshur  co.,  Tex.,  12  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Hawkins  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  manu- 
factory of  stoneware. 

Call's  Fort,  a  post-village  of  Box  Elder  co.,  Utah,  on 
the  Utah  Northern  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Corinne,  and  8 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Brigham  City,  at  the  base  of  the  Wahsatch 
range.     It  has  a  church. 

Call'ton,  a  post-office  of  Caldwell  parish.  La. 

Callundborg,  Denmark.     See  Kalundborg. 

Calmar,  a  city  of  Sweden.    See  Kalmar. 

Cal'mar,  a  post-village  of  Winneshiek  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Calmar  township,  at  the  junction  of  two  branch  railroads, 
47  miles  E.  by  N.  from  Charles  City,  and  about  12  miles 
S.W.  of  Decorah.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks,  a  graded 
public  school,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.  Pop.  813 ;  of  the 
township,  2074. 

Calmar,  a  post-hamlet  of  McPherson  co.,  Kansas,  11 
miles  S.  of  Brookville. 

Calmina,  kal-mee'nS,,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Dahomey, 
15  miles  S.E.  of  Abomey.     Pop.  about  16,000. 

Calmpthout,  k&mt'howt,  a  village  of  Belgium,  12 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  2258. 

Cal'mucks,  or  Kal'mucks,  written  also  Cal- 
macks,  an  Asiatic  people,  a  branch  of  the  Mongols,  in- 
habiting the  countries  of  Upper  Asia,  and  from  the  Hoang- 
Ho  to  the  Volga.  They  live  in  tents,  and  have  no  fixed 
abode,  but  move  from  place  to  place  with  their  herds. 

Calmus,  a  village  of  Iowa.     See  Calamvs. 

Cain,  kaln,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  in  Cain 
township,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  34  miles  W.  of 
Philadelphia.  It  has  a  Friends'  meeting.  The  township  is 
a  part  of  Chester  valley,  and  has  some  iron-works.    Pop.  984, 

Calne,  kin,  a  town  of  England,  in  Wiltshire,  on  a  rail- 
way, 16  miles  E.  of  Bath.     Pop.  3495. 

Cal'no,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co.,  N.J. 

Calo'ma,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Iowa,  in  Frank 
lin  township,  about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has 
a  church. 

Calore,  ki-lo'ri  (anc.  Ca'lor),  a  river  of  Italy,  falls 
into  the  Volturno  near  Sant'  Agata  dei  Goti. 

Calore,  or  Negro,  ni'gro  (anc.  Tan'ager,  or  Ca'lor), 
a  river  of  Italy,  joins  the  Sele  near  Eboli. 

Calosso,  k4-los'so,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  11 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Asti.     Pop.  2687. 


CAL 


766 


CAL 


Ca'low,  a  hamlet  of  England,  oo.  of  Derby,  H  miles  E. 
of  CbostorfiolJ.     Pop.  501. 

Calpo,  tho  anuivnt  name  of  Gibraltar. 

CalpoCf  a  town  uf  British  India.     Seo  Kalpek. 

Calpcl'la,  a  post-village  of  Mondooino  oo.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Russiui  River,  0  uiiloa  N.  of  Ukiah,  and  about  110  miles 
W.N.W,  of  Sacramento.  It  has  placer  gold-mines.  Pop. 
of  Calpella  township,  SOT. 

Calpcni,  one  of  tho  Laccadivo  Islands,    See  Kalpeni. 

Calpeutyn«  k&l-p^n-ting',  a  peninsula  of  Ceylon,  on  its 
W.  coiunt.     During  tho  N.E.  monsoon  it  becomes  an  island. 

Calpcnt yn^  or  Kalpcntynyk4l-p9n-tlne',  written  also 
Knlpitiyn,  and  KalpittOC)  a  town  of  Ceylon,  on  the 
W.  const,  U3  miles  N.  of  Colombo.  Lat.  8°  14'  N. ;  ion. 
19°  53'  E.  It  contains  a  bazaar  and  8  placqs  of  worship. 
Tho  harbor  is  not  accessible  to  vessels  exceeding  100  tons, 
even  at  tho  highest  tides,  so  that  they  are  obliged  to  unload 
at  Mutwal  and  to  send  cargoes  to  Calpontyn  in  small  ves- 
sels. Calpontyn  was  acquired  by  the  Portuguese  in  1544, 
and  was  in  1640  oaptured  by  the  Dutch,  who  remained  till 
1795,  when  it  was  surrendered  to  the  British.     Pop.  4500. 

Calsiy  kM'sce,  a  village  and  mart  of  Northern  llindo- 
ttan,  in  Qurhwal,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Jumna  and  Tonse, 
43  miles  N.N.E.  of  Scharunpoor. 

CaltagironC)  k&l-td-je-ro'n&,  or  Calatagironc, 
k&-lA't&-je-ro'n4  (anc.  Calata  Hleronig  f),  a  city  of  Sicily, 
province  and  32  miles  S.W.  of  Catania,  on  a  hill,  and  with 
Its  suburbs  occupying  considerable  ground.  It  is  one  of  the 
wealthiest  and  most  commercial  towns  in  tho  island.  It 
contains  several  churches  and  convents,  a  college,  hospital, 
and  orphan  asylum,  and  is  the  seat  of  a  bishop.  The  in- 
habitants are  esteemed  the  best  workmen  in  Sicily  in  the 
useful  arts.  The  manufactures  comprise  pottery  and  cotton 
fabrics.  The  town  was  fortilicd  by  the  Saracens,  and  taken 
from  them  by  the  Genoese.     Pop.  in  1881,  28,119. 

Caltanisetta,  k&I-t&-ne-8et't&,  a  city  of  Sicily,  in  a 
fertile  plain  near  the  Salso,  28  miles  N.E.  of  Girgenti.  Pop. 
26,150.  It  is  well  built,  has  handsome  public  buildings,  and 
is  a  bishop's  seo.  In  its  vicinity  are  mineral  springs  and 
extensive  sulphur-works.  Caltanisetta  is  supposed  to  occupy 
the  site  of  the  Ni»»m  of  tho  llomans. 

Caltanisetta^  a  province  of  Italy,  in  tho  S.  central 
part  of  Sicily,  bounded  S.  by  the  sea.  Area.  1455  square 
miles.     Capital,  Caltanisetta.     Pop.  in  1890,  304,444. 

Caltavuturo,  k4l-ti-voo-too'ro,  a  town  of  Sicily,  prov- 
ince and  38  miles  S.E.  of  Palermo,  built  by  the  Saracens, 
who  called  it  Kalat-ahi-thaur.     Pop.  5318. 

Caltura,  kAI-too'r&,  or  Kalutara,  a  town  of  Ceylon, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  navigable  river  Kaluganga,  on  its  W. 
coast,  26  miles  by  canal  S.E.  of  Colombo,  with  an  active 
trade.  A  great  number  of  vessels  belong  to  the  port,  and 
trade  with  Madras  and  the  Coromandel  coast. 

Caluire,  kirwcen',  a  village  of  France,  3  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Lyons,  of  which  it  constitutes  a  suburb.     Pop.  9182. 

Cal'umet,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Wisconsin,  has  an 
area  of  about  300  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W. 
by  Lake  Winnebago,  and  is  drained  by  tho  Manitowoc 
River.  The  surface  is  mostly  covered  with  forests,  in  which 
the  sugar-maple  occurs :  the  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats, 
hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Silurian  limestone 
and  sandstone  are  abundant  in  this  county.  It  is  traversed 
by  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad.  Capital,  Chilton.  Pop. 
in  1870,  12.335;  in  18S0,  16,632;  in  1890,  16.639. 

Calumet,  a  township  of  Cook  co..  III.  Pop.  1253.  It 
contains  part  of  Blue  Island. 

Calumet,  a  post-village  of  O'Brien  co.,  Iowa,  11  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Primghar.    It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  200. 

Calumet,  a  post-village  of  Houghton  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Calumet  township,  on  the  Alineral  Range  Railroad,  42  miles 
N.  of  L'Anse,  at  tho  terminus  of  the  Calumet  &  Torch  Lake 
Railroad.  It  hae  a  bank,  4  churches,  and  a  famous  copper- 
mine  (said  to  be  the  richest  in  the  world),  which  employs 
about  1800  men,  yielding  a  product  ninging  from  31,675,239 
pounds  in  1880  to  50,518,222  pounds  in  1886.     Pop.  5000. 

Calumet,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co..  Mo.,  8  miles  S.E. 
of  Louisiana.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of  Calumet  township 
(which  contains  Clarksville),  5185. 

Calumet,  a  post-ofiice  of  Jefferson  co.,  0.,  is  on  the 
Ohio  River,  at  Elliottsvillk. 

Calumet,  township,  Fond  du  Lao  co..  Wis.    Pop.  1372. 

Calumet  Harbor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fond  du  Lac  co.. 


Wis.,  in  Calumet  town.-'hip,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Lake  Winne- 
bago, aboi 
ohurches. 


bago,  about  13  miles 


i.-<nip,  on  tb 
E.S.E.  of 


Osbkosh.      It  has  1  or  2 


Calumet  Island,  a  post-village  and  parish  in  Pontiac 
oo.,  Quebec,  on  the  Ottawa  River,  1?  miles  from  Portage  du 
Fort,  and  72  miles  N.W.  of  Ottawa,    Pop.  1080. 


Calumet  Kiver  drains  parts  of  La  Porte  and  Porter 
COS.,  Ind.,  runs  into  Cook  co.,  III.,  and  enters  Laka 
Micliigan  by  two  mouth»,  one  of  which  is  at  South  Chicago. 

Cal'umetville,  a  post-village  of  Fond  du  Lac  co.,  Wis.^ 
about  6  miles  N.  of  Maloue  Station. 

CalUBO,  k&-loo'so,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Turin, 
11  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Ivrea.     Poj).  01(11. 

Calvados,  kirv&'dos'  or  k&l-v&'dis,  a  department  in 
tho  N.W.  of  France,  part  of  Lower  Normandy,  having  N. 
tho  English  Channel,  S.  tho  department  of  Ornc,  E.  Kurc, 
and  W.  Manohe.  Area,  2145  square  miles.  The  surfat^o  ia 
hilly  in  tho  S.,  with  extensive  plains  and  fertile  valleys. 
Chief  rivers,  the  Orne,  Touoques,  Dives,  Soullcs,  Dromme, 
and  Vire.  Principal  products  are  coal,  gray  marble,  free- 
stone,  cold  mineral  waters,  corn,  fruit,  cider,  hemp,  lint,  and 
timber.  Pasturage  is  abundant,  and  many  horses,  cattle, 
sheep,  and  hogs  are  reared;  herring-curing  is  an  important 
industry.  The  department  is  divided  into  tho  arrondis^o 
mcnts  of  Bayeux,  Caen,  Falaise,  Lisieux,  Pont-l'Evuquo, 
and  Vire.     Capital,  Caen.     Pop.  in  1891,  428,!)  15. 

CaI'vary,  a  post-hamlct  of  Decatur  co.,  Ga.,  II  miles 
S.  of  Whigham  Station.     It  has  a  church.     See  Harrell. 

Calvary,  a  village  of  Cook  co..  111.,  on  the  Chicago  d 
Northwestern  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Chicago,  and  1  mils 
from  Lake  Michigan.     Here  is  Calvary  cemetery. 

Calvary,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  0.,  in  Homer 
township,  about  30  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Marietta. 

Calvary,  a  township  of  Clarendon  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1152. 

Calvary,  a  post-village  of  Fond  du  Lac  co.,  Wis.,  in 
Marshfield  township,  on  the  Sheboygan  <fc  Fond  du  Lao 
Railroad,  13  miles  E.  of  Fond  du  Lac,  and  IJ  miles  from  a 
village  named  Mount  Calvary,  which  has  2  churches.  Hero 
is  Calvary  College  (a  Catholic  ecclesiastical  school),  also  a 
Capuchin  convent. 

Calvello,  kil-vfirio,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  12 
miles  S.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  5800. 

Calventura  (kil-vfin-too'ri)  Islands,  two  groups  of 
islets  in  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  off  the  coast  of  British  Burmah, 
in  lat.  17°  N.,  Ion.  94°  E. 

Cal'verley,  a  town  of  England,  York,  West  Riding,  6 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Leeds.     Pop.  3195  ;  of  parish,  34,308. 

CaI'vert,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Maryland,  has  an 
area  of  about  240  square  miles.  It  is  a  peninsula  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  Chesapciiko  Bay,  and  on  the  W.  by  Patuxent 
River,  which  enters  the  bay  at  the  S.  extremity  of  tho 
county.  The  surface  is  undulating  ;  the  soil  is  moderately 
fertile.  Tobacco  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products. 
Marl  is  abundant.  Cajiital,  Prince  Fredericktown.  Pop. 
in  1870,  9865;  in  1880,  10,538;  in  1890,  9860. 

Calvert,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Ala.,  32  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Mobile,  and  25  miles  S.  of  St.  Stephens.  It 
has  a  church. 

Calvert,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kemper  co.,  Miss.,  23  miles 
from  Meridian.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  and  3 
stores. 

Calvert,  a  post-town  of  Robertson  co.,  Tex.,  129  miles 
by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Houston,  and  11  miles  (direct)  S.W.  of 
Franklin.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  public  schools  for 
white  and  colored,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  4  grist-mills,  3  cot- 
ton-gins, and  manufactures  of  ice.     Pop.  2632. 

CaI'vert,  or  Ka'ven,  a  group  of  small  islands  in  tho 
Pacific  Ocean.     Lat.  8°  54'  N. ;  Ion.,  170°  49'  E. 

Calvert  City,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Ky.,  17 
miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Paduouh.  It  has  a  church,  2 
stores,  Ac. 

Calvert  Island,  British  Colnmbia.  Lat.  51°  30'  N.; 
Ion.  128°  10'  W. 

CaI'verton,  a  village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  annexed 
in  1888  to  Baltimore,  and  now  part  of  the  twenty-first 
ward  of  that  city. 

Calverton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Long  Island  Railroad,  and  on  Peconio  River,  3  miles  AV. 
of  Riverhead. 

Calvi,  kil've,  a  town  of  Corsica,  on  its  N.W.  coast,  on 
the  Gulf  of  Calvi,  38  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bastia.  Pop.  2175. 
It  has  a  good  harbor  and  roadstead,  and  a  strong  citadel. 

Calvi  (anc.  Ca'let),  or  Calvi  Risorta,  re-sou'td,  a 
town  of  Italy,  province  of  Cfiserta,  7i  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Capua.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  but  its  bishop  resides  at  Pigna- 
taro.     Pop.  2802. 

Cal  via,  kdrve-&,  a  town  of  Spain,  island  of  Majorca,  6 
miles  W.  of  Palma,     Pop.  2007. 

Calvillo,  k4l-vee'yo,  or  Valle  de  Hutyucar,  vll'yi 
di  wi-Hoo-kan',  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  and  39  miles  W. 
of  Aguas  Calientes.     Pop.  5000. 

CaI'vin,  a  post-township  of  Cass  oo.,  Mich.,  about  18 
miles  E.  of  Nile"      J*  h^-j  a  rich  soil   «'■''  forests  of  ash, 


CAL 


?67" 


CAM 


beech,  elm,  oak,  sugar-maple,  <fco.  Pop.  1627.  It  contains 
Brownsville  and  Day. 

Calvin,  a  post-office  of  Stanley  co.,  N.C. 

Calvin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.,  in  Union 
township.     It  has  1  or  2  churches. 

Calvin's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa., 
about  10  miles  S.  of  Meadville. 

Calvisano,  ka,l-ve-sa,'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Brescia.     Pop.  3735. 

Calvisson,  kirvee's^N"',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Gard,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Nfmes.     Pop.  2121. 

Calvizzano,  kil-vit-si'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  5  miles 
X.W.  of  Naples.     Pop.  1925. 

Calvo  Mons,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Caumont. 

Cal'vy,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Franklin  co.,  Mo.,  in 
Cftivy  township,  on  the  Atlantic  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  44  miles 
W.S.W.  of  St.  Louis.  The  township  is  drained  by  the  Mar- 
amec  River.     Pop.  2100. 

Calw,  or  Kalw,  kilv,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Wiirtem- 
berg,  on  the  Nagold,  and  on  a  railway,  20  miles  "W.S.W.  of 
Stuttgart.     It  has  manufactures  of  woollens.     Pop.  6882. 

Cal'wood,  a  post-office  of  Callaway  co.,  Mo. 

Caly,  ki'lee  or  ki'lee,  a  river  of  Hindostan,  rises  in  the 
province  of  Qurhwal,  and  falls  into  the  Ganges  on  the  west- 
ern confines  of  Oude,  in  lat.  27°  10'  N.,  Ion.  79°  45'  E. 

Calypsean  Archipelago,  ka-lip'se-an  ar-ke-pel'a- 
go,  a  name  sometimes  given  to  a  group  of  islands  in  the 
Mediterranean,  including  Malta,  Gozo,  Comino,  Cominotto, 
Ac.    They  belong  to  Great  Britain. 

Calzada,  or  Casas  de  Calzada,  ki'sis  d^  kil- 
thi'D.^,  a  village  of  Spain,  42  miles  S.  of  Salamanca. 

Calzada,  or  Calzada  de  Calatrava,  kdl-thU'D^ 
di  ki-li-tri'vi,  a  town  of  New  Castile,  15  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Ciudad  Real.  Linen  and  woollen  fabrics,  cloths,  blonde  lace, 
oil,  and  wine  are  made.     Pop.  3840. 

Calzada  de  Don  Diego, kil-thi'na.  di  don  de-i'go, 
a  village  of  Spain,  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Salamanca.    Pop.  324. 

Calzada  de  Oropesa,  kil-thi'ni  di  o-ro-pi'si,  a 
town  of  Spain,  28  miles  W.  of  Talavera.     Pop.  2107. 

Cam,  or  Gran'ta,  a  river  of  England,  after  a  course 
of  about  40  miles,  joins  the  Ouse  3  J  miles  S.  of  Ely. 

Cam,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Gloucester,  tributary  of 
the  Severn. 

Camacho,  or  Camaxo,  ki-mi'sho,  a  largo  and  sev- 
eral small  lakes  of  Brazil,  province  of  Santa  Catharina,  con- 
nected with  one  another  by  natural  canals.  They  lie  S.  of 
the  river  Tubarao,  and  are  commonly  named  Jaguaruna 
(2hfi,-gw3,-roo'nS,1,  Gurupaba  (goo-roo-pi'bS,),  and  Santa 
Martha. 

Camacnan,kl-mi-kwiln',  sometimes  written  I^aba- 
quam,  ee-si-bi-kwim',  a  river  of  Brazil,  rising  on  the  W. 
frontier  of  the  province  of  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  flows  E., 
and,  after  a  course  of  about  150  miles,  enters  the  Lake  of 
Patos  by  several  mouths. 

Cama  do  Lobos.    See  Camera  do  Lonos. 

Cam^uore,  ki-mi-yo'rd  (anc.  Cam'pua  Ma'Jor),  a  town 
of  Central  Italy,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Lucca.     Pop.  6735. 

Ca*mak',  or  Ca^mack',  a  post-hiimlet  of  Warren  co., 
Ga.,  on  the  Georgia  Railroad  at  its  junction  with  the  Macon 
A  Augusta  Railroad,  47  miles  W.  of  Augusta,  and  4  miles 
N.  of  Warrenton.     It  has  a  church. 

Camamu,  ki-mi-moo',  a  bay,  island,  and  town  of 
Brazil,  province  of  Bahia.  The  bay  is  75  miles  S.W.  of 
Bahia.  The  island,  in  the  bay,  is  also  called  Ilha  das 
Pedras  (eel'yi  dis  pi'dris ;  i.e.,  "  isle  of  rocks").  The  town, 
on  the  river  Acarani,  entering  the  bay,  has  some  trade. 

Camana,  ki-mi-ni',  a  town  of  Peru,  capital  of  a  prov- 
ince of  its  own  name,  in  the  department  of  Arequipa,  is  sit- 
uated on  the  Camana,  near  its  mouth,  about  60  miles  S.AV. 
of  Arequipa.     Pop.  of  the  town,  about  2000. 

Caman'che,  a  post-village  of  Calaveras  co.,  Cal.,  near 
the  Mokelumne  River,  and  about  42  miles  S.E.  of  Sacra- 
mento.    It  has  3  general  stores  and  several  gold-mines. 

Camanche,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  in  Camanche  township,  1  mile  from  Ca- 
manche Station  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad, 
4i  miles  S.W.  of  Clinton,  and  about  32  miles  by  water  above 
Davenport.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  brewery, 
and  manufactures  of  soap,  gloves,  lumber,  mittens,  Ac.  Pop. 
758 ;  of  the  township,  495  additional.  In  1860  Camanche 
was  visited  by  a  tornado,  which  killed  35  persons. 

Camanche  Indians.    See  Comanche  Indians. 

Camano  (ki-mi'no)  Island,  Washington,  is  sep- 
arated from  AVhidby  Island  by  a  narrow  channel,  which 
c&mmanicates  with  Puget  Sound.  It  is  a  part  of  Island 
CO.,  and  is  about  14  miles  long. 

Camapuan,  k&-m&-poo-&a'  or  k&-m&-pw&n',  a  river 


of  Brazil,  in  Matto-Grosso,  one  of  the  head-streams  of  the 
Taquari,  an  affluent  of  the  Paraguay.     Length,  70  miles. 

Camaracum,  the  ancient  name  of  Cambkai. 

Camaran,  an  island  of  Arabia.     See  Kamaran. 

Camaranca,  or  Kamaranka,  kfl-mS,-ri(ng'k&,  a 
river  of  Africa,  has  its  sources  in  the  Kong  Mountains, 
near  lat.  9°  N.,  Ion.  9°  15'  W.  It  pursues  a  S.W.  course  of 
about  250  miles,  and  falls  into  Yawry  Bay,  on  the  coast  of 
Sierra  Leone. 

Camarata,  or  Cammarata,  k3,m-ml-rd't3,  a  town 
of  Sicily,  36  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Palermo.     Pop.  4907. 

Camares,  ki-mi-ris'  or  kil'mi*ri',  a  town  of  Francti, 
department  of  Aveyron,  on  the  Dourdou,  16  miles  S.  of 
Saint- AflFrique.     Pop.  1526. 

Camaret,  ki^miVJ,',  a  village  of  France,  in  Finistfire, 
with  a  small  port  on  the  Aulne,  near  its  mouth  in  the 
Atlantic,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Brest.     Pop.  1232. 

Camargo,  ki-man'go,  a  village  of  Spain,  province  and 
6  miles  S.  of  Santander.     Pop.  2750. 

Camargo,  ka,-maR'go,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  • 
Tamaulipas,  on  the  San  Juan,  near  its  junction  with  the 
Rio  Grande,  180  miles  by  road  E.  by  N.  of  Monterey.  It 
is  at  the  head  of  steam  navigation.  Lat.  26°  10'  N. ;  Ion. 
98°  30'  W.  It  has  a  church,  and  is  the  site  of  the  old 
Spanish  mission  San  Augustin  Laredo.     Pop.  5000. 

Camar'go,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  co..  111.,  in  Ca- 
margo township,  on  the  Indiana  A  Illinois  Central  Rail- 
road, 42  miles  E.  of  Decatur.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded 
school,  and  a  flouring-mill.  Pop.  about  400;  of  the  town- 
ship, 1808. 

Camargo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ky.,  5 
miles  S.E.  of  Mount  Sterling.     It  has  a  church. 

Camargo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  about  1 
mile  from  Quarryville  Railroad  Station. 

Camargo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  Tenn.,  8  miles 
S.W.  of  Fayetteville.     It  has  a  church. 

Camargos,  ki-man'goce,  a  village  of  Brazil,  in  Minaa- 
Geraes,  6  miles  N.  of  Mariana.     Pop.  1000. 

Camargue  Island.    See  La  Camakgue. 

Camariiias,  ki-mi-reen'yis;  a  town  of  Spain,  43  milca 
W.S.W.  of  Corunna,  on  the  Bay  of  Camarinas,  on  w^hich  it 
has  a  harbor.     Pop.  about  1200. 

Camarota,  ka-mi-ro'ti,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Avel- 
lino,  7  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Policastro.     Pop.  3083. 

Cam'as  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Douglas  co.,  Oregon, 
25  miles  S.W.  from  Roseburg. 

Camatagua,  ki-mi-td'gwi,  a  town  of  Venezuela, 
state  of  Aragua,  50  miles  S.  of  Caracas.     Pop.  5716. 

Camaxo,  a  lake  of  Brazil.     See  Camacho. 

Cam'ba,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  0.,  at  Irwin's,  on 
the  Marietta  A  Cincinnati  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Jackson." 

Camba'Inc,  and  Cambalu'  (Mongol.  Knan-haligh),- 
mediaeval  names  of  Peking,  the  capital  of  China. 

Cambay,  or  Kambay,  kam'bi',  a  town  of  India, 
capital  of  the  st,ate  of  Cambay,  on  the  Gulf  of  Cambay,  and 
on  the  Mahee  River,  230  miles  N.  of  Bombay.  The  tides 
here  rise  30  feet,  and  at  low  water  no  ships  can  approach : 
hence  the  town,  well  built,  and  once  important,  has  greatly 
declined.  It  still  ships  some  cotton.  Pop.  33,710.  The 
native  state  of  Cambay  is  in  Guzerat,  and  is  tributary  to 
Baroda.     Area,  350  square  miles.     Pop.  83,510. 

Cambello,  kim-b5rio,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Ceram, 
on  the  shore.  Though  difficult  of  approach  for  ships,  it  is 
frequented  by  traders. 

CamberAvell,  kam'ber-w?ll,  a  parish  of  England,  and 
suburb  of  the  metropolis,  co.  of  Surrey,  2  miles  S.  of  St. 
Paul's.     Pop.  in  1891,  255,687. 

Cambiano,  kS,m-be-3,'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
and  9  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Turin.     Pop.  2697. 

Cambil,  kim-beel',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  13 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Jaen,  on  the  Matavexis.     Pop.  2646. 

Cam^bing',  a  small  island  in  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
off  the  N.  coast  of  Timor. 

Cambo,  kfiM'bo',  a  watering-place  of  France,  in  Basscs- 
Pyr6n6es,  9i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bayonne.     Pop.  1467. 

Cambodia,  kam-bo'de-a,  Cam^boge',  Cambo'ja, 
or  Pontaipret,  pon-ti-pret',  a  town  of  Siam,  the  ancient 
capital  of  Cambodia,  on  both  sides  of  the  Mekong.  Lat.  12° 
4'  N. ;  Ion.  105°  4'  E.  It  is  now  greatly  decayed,  but  the 
ruins  attest  its  ancient  greatness. 

Cambodia,  or  Kamboja,  a  kingdom  of  Indo-China, 
bounded  W.  by  the  Gulf  of  Siam,  and  further  enclosed  by 
Siam,  Anam,  and  French  Cochin  China.  The  kingdom  is 
one  of  great  antiquity,  and  once  had  a  wide  area,  but  had 
been  largely  conquered  by  the  Siamese  and  Anamites,  and 
what  was  left  was  practically  a  Siamese  province,  when  in 
1864  the  French  re-established  its  freedom  from  Siam  and 


0AM 


76B 


0AM 


took  th«  raorgnniced  stnte  under  their  own  protection. 
PreMDt  area,  32,230  nquare  miles.  It  is  travcrfcd  by  the 
river  Mt>kunK<  and  conUiini*  thu^reat  \a,ko  Bien-Iloa.  Chief 
export.i,  gaiulx>go,  otinliiiuoni.t,  cn);lewood,  gums,  hides,  fish, 
fi«h-oil,  and  ivory.  Capital,  Pnompenh.  Pop.,  according 
to  official  estimate,  1,02U,()UU. 

Cambodia  (or  Caiuboja)  Pointy  the  soutboastern- 
most  point  of  Siam,  lat.  8°  4U'  N.,  Ion.  104°  65'  £.,  at  the 
eBtmnce  (N.  side)  of  the  Gulf  of  Siam. 
i     Cambodia  (or  Camboja)  River.    See  Mekong. 

Caiiiboduniim,  or  Campoduiiumy  the  supposed 
a^oicut  naino  of  Kkmiten,  a  town  of  Bavaria. 

CamboO)  k6M'b6i<*',  a  village  of  Franco,  in  lioire-In- 
f6rieuro,  6  miles  N.  of  Savenay.     Pop.  1467. 

CambooriCf  or  Kamburi)  k&m-boo'ree\  a  town  of 
Siam,  120  miles  N.N.W.  of  Banj^lfok,  at  the  conlluenco  of 
the  Sce-sa-wot  and  May-mannoi  Rivers. 

Camborne^  kam'b^m,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Corn- 
wall, 13  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Penzance.  Pop.  7757,  mostly 
employed  in  copper-,  tin-,  and  lead-minea. 

Camborne,  or  Spriug  Mills,  a  post-village  in  North-, 
umbcrland  co.,  Ontario,  6  miles  N.  of  Coburg.     Pop.  120. 

Cam'bra,  a  post-village  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  10  miles 
from  Shicksbinny  Station,  and  about  30  miles  S.W.  of 
Scrnnton.     It  has  a  church  and  2  general  stores. 

Cambrai*  or  Cambray,  kam'bri'  (Fr.  pron.  k&M^- 
brd' ;  anc.  Camara'cuni),  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Nord,  on  the  navigable  river  Scheldt,  32  miles  by  rail 
S.S.E.  of  Lille.  Pop.  in  1886,  17,726.  It  is  the  seat  of  an 
archbishop,  and  has  a  citadel,  a  cathedral  in  which  is  a 
monument  to  F6nelon,  a  town  hall,  a  college,  and  a  public 
library  with  35,000  volumes  and  1000  manuscripts.  It  has 
a;  diocesan  and  numerous  other  schools,  and  a  tribunal  of 
commerce.  Most  of  its  best  buildings,  with  its  ancient 
cathedral,  were  destroyed  during  the  Revolution.  It  has 
long  been  famous  for  its  fine  linen  fabrics,  thence  called 
cambrics,  and  has  also  manufactures  of  linen  thread,  lace, 
and  soap.     It  has  commerce  in  wool,  flax,  butter,  and  hops. 

Cambray%  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co.,  Ontario,  49 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Port  Hope.     Pop.  250. 

Cambr^sis,  k&m^br^^seece',  an  old  subdivision  of 
French  Flanders,  of  which  Cambrai  was  the  capital,  now 
comprised  in  the  department  of  Nord. 

Cambria,  an  ancient  name  of  Wales. 

Cam'bria,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Penn- 
sylvania, has  an  area  of  about  650  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  Conemaugh,  Clearfield,  and  Chest  Creeks.  The 
main  range  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains  extends  along  the 
S.E.  border  of  this  county,  which  is  a  high  table- land, 
having  an  uneven  or  hilly  surface,  extensively  covered 
with  forests  of  pine,  oak,  chestnut,  hickory,  sugar-maple, 
^c.  It  has  valu.able  beds  of  coal  and  iron  ore.  Iron  and 
lumber  are  the  chief  articles  of  export.  The  county  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  a  branch  of  which, 
running  from  Cresson  in  a  northwesterly  direction,  ter- 
minates at  Ebensburg,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  36,569; 
in  1880,  46,811 ;  in  1890,  66,375. 

Cambria,  a  post-village  of  San  Luis  Obispo  co.,  Cal., 
near  the  ocean,  about  30  miles  N.W.  of  San  Luis  Obispo. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  money-order  post-office,  several  general 
stores  and  business  houses,  a  college,  and  a  rich  mine  of 
•(uicksilrer.     Pop.  288. 

Cambria,  a  station  in  Monroe  co.,  III.,  on  the  Cairo  & 
Bt.  Louis  Railroad,  31  miles  S.S.E.  of  East  St.  Louis. 

Cambria,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.,  8  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Frankfort.     It  has  a  store,  <fec. 

Cambria,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Iowa,  in  Wash- 
ington township,  36  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Centreville,  and  5 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Corydon,  the  capital  of  the  county,  on 
the  Keokuk  &  Western  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
mill,  and  several  stores  and  other  business  houses. 

Cambria,  a  post-borough  of  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.,  about 
6  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Reading  Station,  and  4  miles  S.  of  Hills- 
dale.    It  has  a  church.     Pop.  300. 

Cambria,  a  township  of  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn.    P.  337. 

Cambria,  a  post-township  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
20  miles  N.  of  Buffalo,  is  intersected  by  the  New  York  Cen- 
tral Railroad, and  by  a  terrace  called  the  Mountain  Ridge. 
It  contains  5  churches,  and  remains  of  a  remarkable  ancient 
fortification.   Pop.  2022.   PartofPekin  village  is  in  Cambria. 

Cambria,  a  former  borough  of  Cambria  co.,  Pa.,  now 
annexed  to  Johnstown. 

Cambria  (station,  Christiansburg),  a  post-village  of 
Montgomery  co.,  Va.,  47  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Roanoke. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  free  school.     Pop.  400. 

Cambria,  a  township  of  Cambria  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1069. 
.  Cambria,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  o:>.,  Wis.,  in 


Courtland  towpship,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <t  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  18  miles  E.  of  Portage  City.  It  has  a  money, 
order  post-office,  4  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  woollen-niill,  and 
manuiiictures  of  reapers,  harvesters,  and  wagons.    Pop.  602. 

Cambria,  a  post  village  of  Weston  co.,  Wyoming,  on 
tlie  Burlington  i  Missouri  River  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of 
Newcastle.  It  has  a  church  organization,  a  tin-shop,  and 
a  foundry,  and  is  in  a  largo  coal-mining  district.    Pop.  329. 

Cambria,  a  post-village  in  Argenteuil  co.,  Quebec,  9 
miles  W.  of  St.  Jerome.  It  contains  2  churches,  a  saw- 
mill, and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  700. 

Cambria  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co..  Pa., 
in  West  Pikeland  township,  on  Pickering  Creek,  and  on  the 
Pickering  Valley  Railroad,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Phoenixville. 

Cambridge,  or  Cambridgeshire,  kuine'brij-shir, 
an  inland  county  of  England,  in  its  E.  part,  having  N.  Lin- 
colnshire, E.  Norfolk  and  Suflblk,  S.  Essex  and  Herts,  W, 
Bedford,  Huntingdon,  and  Northamptonshire.  Arcii,  822 
square  miles.  Surface,  except  on  the  S.,  marshy  and  flat, 
but  very  generally  drained  by  canals  and  stcam-iminps. 
(See  Ely  and  BuDFORn  Lkvel.)  Chief  rivers,  the  Ouse, 
Cam,  Nene,  and  Lark e,  most  of  them  flowing  principally  in 
recent  artificial  channels.  The  county  is  a  ricti  agricultural 
region.  Chief  towns,  Cambridge,  the  copital,  Newmarket,, 
Wisbeivch,  and  the  city  of  Ely.  It  sends  (exclusive  of  its 
boroughs)  three  members  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Pop. 
in  1871,  186,906;  in  1881,  185,706;  in  1891,  188,862. 

Cambridge,  kSme'brij  (anc.  Grau'tn;  L.  Cantahri'- 
gia),  a  town  of  England,  capital  of  the  above  county,  and 
the  scat  of  one  of  the  great  English  universities,  situated  on 
both  sides  of  the  Cam,  at  the  junction  of  several  railways, 
49  miles  N.N.E.  of  London.  The  town,  in  an  extensive 
flat,  embosomed  among  lofty  trees,  has,  with  few  exceptions 
only,  narrow,  winding,  and  irregularly  built  streets;  but  its 
colleges  are  noble  edifices.  Principal  buildings  connected 
with  the  town,  St.  Mary's  and  Trinity  churches,  St.  Sepul- 
chre's, St.  Clement's,  St.  Edward's,  St.  Benedict's;  a  gram- 
mar-school, founded  in  1516;  a  national  school,  with  600 
pupils;  numerous  almshouses;  a  general  hospital ;  theatre 
in  the  suburb  of  Barnwell;  the  shire  hall,  town  hall,  and 
jail,  enclosing  remains  of  the  ancient  castle ;  a  union  work- 
house, and  a  bouse  of  correction  and  industry,  founded  in 
1628  by  Hobson,  the  eccentric  carrier.  Cambridge  has 
flour-mills,  breweries,  rope-  and  twine-yards,  brick-  and 
tile-works,  carries  on  trade  by  the  river  with  Lynn,  chiefly 
in  timber,  and  is  a  depot  for  corn,  butter,  and  rape  oil, 
forwarded  by  land  to  the  London  market3.  It  is  divided 
into  5  wards,  is  governed  by  a  maj'or,  aldermen,  and  coun- 
cillors, and  is  the  seat  of  county  assizes  and  quarter  and 
uetty  sessions.  Cambridge  (independent  of  its  university) 
sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

The  University  of  Cambridge,  founded  at  an  uncertain  j 
period  in  the  Middle  Ages,  consists  now  of  17  colleges  and 
halls.  Each  college  is  a  body  corporate,  internally  gov- 
erned by  its  own  statutes  and  maintained  by  the  endow- 
ments of  the  several  founders  and  benefactors.  Some  of 
the  college  buildings  are  among  the  most  interesting  and  ^ 
venerable  piles  in  the  kingdom ;  but  many  of  them  have 
lately  been  reconstructed,  and  adapted  to  the  wants  of  the . 
present  day.  As  in  Oxford,  candidates  for  university  honors 
rely  more  on  the  teaching  of  private  tutors  for  instruction 
than  on  that  of  the  professors.  Mathematics  (though  not' 
to  the  exclusion  of  classical  and  other  learning)  forms  an 
important  branch  of  study  at  Cambridge.  Newton,  Bacon, 
and  many  of  the  greatest  divines  and  poets  of  Britain  con- 
ferred lustre  on  this  school.  The  prizes  open  to  the  uni- 
versity at  large  amount  annually  to  £1200,  and  at  the  dif- 
ferent colleges  to  not  less  than  £300.  The  general  income 
of  the  university  amounts  to  about  £12,000  a  year,  and  the  t  of 
the  colleges  in  the  aggregate  to  a  little  more  than  £200,000  , 
per  annum,  of  which  sum  upwards  of  £20,000  is  vested  in 
scholarships  and  exhibitions.  The  university  sends  two  mem- 
bers to  the  House  of  Commons,  who  are  chosen  by  the  senate. 

Cambridge  is  a  town  of  great  antiquity ;  in  Domesday 
Book,  where  it  is  described  as  an  important  place,  it  is 
called  Grentcbrige,  from  one  of  the  names  of  the  river,  th? 
present  name,  derived  from  the  modern  name  of  the  rivei 
Cam,  being  comparatively  recent.  In  871  it  was  burnt  bj 
the  Danes,  and  again  in  1010.  It  was  the  scene  of  events 
which  have  become  matters  of  history,  and  of  some  military 
experiences  in  the  time  of  Cromwell.  Of  the  ancient  castle 
built  by  William  the  Conqueror,  on  the  site  of  a  Roman 
station,  and  some  years  used  as  a  county  jail,  only  the  gate- 
way now  remains.     Pop.  in  1891,  36,983. 

Cambridge,  kame'brij,  a  post-office  of  Dallas  co.,  Ala. 

Cambridge,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Henry  co..  III. 
in  Cambridge  township,  on  the  Peoria  &,  Rock  Island  Rail- 


■CAM 


7G9 


CAM 


road,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Rock  Island,  and  61  miles  N.N.W. 
(Of  Peoria.  It  has  2  banks,  5  churches,  a  graded  school, 
and  a  flouring-mill.  Two  weekly  newspiipers  are  published 
here.     Pop.  in  1890,  940;  of  the  township,  1826. 

Cambridge,  Indiana.     See  Cambridge  City. 

Cambridge,  a  post-town  of  Story  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
South  Skunk  River,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Nevada,  and  42 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist- 
Oiill,  a  bank,  a  creamery,  and  a  newspaper  office.  P.  4;S2. 
;  Cambridge,  a  post- village  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas,  20 
^iles  by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Winiield.  It  has  H  churches,  a 
graded  school,  and  large  building-stone  quarries.  P.  300. 
;  Cambridge,  a  post-township  and  baiulet  of  Somerset 
ec.  Me.,  10  miles  W.  of  Dexter  Railroad  Station,  and  about 
4-0  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Bangor.  It  has  manufactures  of  lum- 
Iter  and  flour.     Pop.  472. 

Cambridge,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dorchester  co., 
Md.,  is  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  navigable  Choptank  River, 
about  18  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  An- 
napolis. Cambridge  contains  9  churche.s,  4  public  schools, 
2  academies,  and  3  weekly  newspapers.  Steamboats  ply  be- 
tween Cambridge  and  Baltimore  daily.  Many  shad,  oysters, 
and  herring  are  exported.     Pop.  in  1890,  4192. 

Cambridge,  a  city  and  semi-capital  of  Middlesex  co., 
Mass.,  separated  from  Boston  by  Charles  River,  in  lat.  42° 
22'  21"  N.,  Ion.  71°  7'  38"  W.  It  comprises  "Old  Cam- 
bridge," the  seat  of  Harvard  University,  East  Cambridge 
(formerly  Lecbmere  Point),  Cambridgeport,  about  mid- 
way between  Old  Cambridge  and  Boston,  and  the  district 
called  North  Cambridge.  Old  Cambridge,  or  Cambridge 
proper,  3  miles  W.  from  Boston,  is  delightfully  situated 
in  the  midst  of  a  beautiful  plain,  extending  from  Charles 
Jliver.  The  streets  are  generally  broad  and  shaded  with 
lofty  elms.  Many  of  the  dwellings  stand  at  considerable 
distances  from  one  another,  and  are  surrounded  with  spacious 
yards,  ornamented  with  shrubbery  and  evergreens.  The 
principal  object  of  interest  in  the  place  is  Harvard  Univer- 
sity, the  oldest  and  best-endowed  collegiate  institution  in 
the  United  States.  It  was  founded  in  1038,  and  derives  its 
name  from  the  Rev.  John  Harvard,  who  bequeathed  it  a 
legacy  of  about  £780.  Its  funds  at  the  present  time  amount 
to  about  $7,300,000,  and  the  yearly  income  at  present  is 
about  $1,000,000.  Besides  the  collegiate  department  proper, 
the  university  embraces  a  law  school,  a  theological  school, 
a  medical  school,  a  dental  school,  a  scientifio  school,  a 
school  of  agriculture  and  horticulture,  an  astronomical  ob- 
servatory, a  botanic  garden,  herbarium  and  arboretum. 
The  library,  containing  about  500,000  volumes,  consists  of 
over  30  collections,  situated  in  the  main  library  building 
and  in  the  departments.  The  great  university  museum 
consists  of  various  departments,  including  a  museum  of 
comparative  zoology  and  a  museum  of  archwology  and 
ethnology.  The  buildings  occupied  by  the  university  are 
numerous;  a  few  being  in  Boston.  The  most  prominent 
are  Memorial  Hall,  containing  the  dining-hall,  the  academic 
theatre,  and  a  monumental  hall  in  honor  of  the  graduates 
and  students  of  the  university  who  served  in  the  army  and 
navy  of  the  United  States  during  the  war  of  1861-65  ;  Uni- 
versity Hall,  containing  recitation-  and  lecture-rooms;  Har- 
vard Hall,  containing  the  classical  and  historical  reference 
libraries;  Gore  Hall,  a  fine  granite  structure,  having  in  it 
the  college  library;  the  Appleton  Chapel;  the  zoological 
museum ;  and  Boylston  Hall,  containing  the  chemical  labora- 
tory. In  addition  to  these  there  are  Divinity  Hall,  occupied 
by  the  theological  students;  Austin  Hall,  occupied  by  the 
law  school ;  Lawrence  Hall,  occupied  by  the  scientific  school, 
and  other  buildings  for  the  accommodation  of  students. 
The  institution  has  a  botanical  garden  of  about  eight  acres, 
stored  with  a  choice  selection  of  shrubs  and  plants,  both 
native  and  exotic  ;  and  one  of  the  most  powerful  telescopes 
in  the  country.  The  lectures  to  medical  students  are  given 
at  the  Medical  College  in  Boston.  Besides  the  Divinity 
School  (professedly  unsectarian)  noticed  above,  there  is  an 
Episcopalian  school  of  theology  in  Cambridge,  and  also 
one  of  the  New  Church  (Swedenborgian).  In  1890  Harvard 
had  graduated  about  17,000,  of  whom  more  than  half  were 
living,  a  greater  number  than  those  of  any  other  college  in 
the  Union.  There  are  within  the  limits  of  the  city  about 
40  churches,  8  banks,  2  savings-institutions,  a  fire-insurance 
•ompany,  and  various  literary  and  charitable  associations. 
Bee  Cambridgeport  and  East  Cambridge. 

Cambridge  is  one  of  the  oldest  towns  in  New  England, 
having  been  settled  in  1630.  It  first  took  the  name  of  New- 
town, which  was  soon  after  changed  for  its  present  one. 
The  Bay  Psalm-Book,  the  first  book  printed  in  British 
America,  was  issued  here  by  Stephen  Day  in  1640  ;  and 
printing  is  still  one  of  the  principal  industries  of  the  place. 


Durinff  the  Revolutionary  War  the  American  army  was 
encamped  in  Cambridge  while  the  British  had  possession 
of  Boston.  The  British  troops  that  surrendered  under  Bur- 
goyne  at  Saratoga  were  quartered  here  in  1777  as  prisoners 
of  war.  Pop.  in  1830,  6072;  1840,  8409;  in  1850,  15,215; 
in  1860,  26,060;  in  1870,  39,634;  in  1880,  62,669;  in  1890, 
70,028. 

Cambridge,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Lenawee 
CO.,  Mich.,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Adrian,  and  3  miles  from 
Brooklyn  Railroad  Station.    It  has  3  churches.    Pop.  1 089. 

Cambridge,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Isanti  co.,  Minn., 
is  in  Cambridge  township,  on  Rum  River,  about  44  miles  N. 
of  Minneapolis.  It  has  2  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  and 
manufactures  of  flour,  lumber,  and  ploughs.     Pop.  200. 

Cambridge,  a  post-village  of  Saline  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  18  miles  below  Brunswick. 

Cambridge,  a  post-town  of  Fumaa  co..  Neb.,  65 
miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Bloomington.  It  has  3  churches, 
2  banks,  a  high  school,  manufactures  of  [ilows  and  wind- 
mills, and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  510. 

Cambridge,  a  township  of  Coos  CO.,  N.II.,  joins  Maine. 

Cambridge,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y., 
in  a  valley,  on  the  Rensselaer  &  Saratoga  Railroad,  35  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Albany,  and  12  miles  S.  of  Salem.  It  is  partly 
in  Cambridge  township,  but  mostly  in  White  Creek.  It 
contains  the  Cambridge  Washington  Academy,  a  national 
bank,  7  churches,  a  foundry,  2  grist-mills,  a  saw-mill,  and  a 
newspaper  office.  Pop.  1530.  The  township  is  traversed 
by  the  Greenwich  &  Johnson ville  Railroad.  Stations,  South 
Cambridge  and  West  Cambridge. 

Cambridge,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Guernsey  co.,  0., 
in  Cambridge  township,  on  Wills  Creek,  and  on  the  Mari- 
etta, Pittsburg  &  Cleveland  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Central  Ohio  division  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad.  59 
miles  N.  of  Marietta,  24  miles  E.N.E.  of  Zanesville,  and  85 
miles  E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  7  churches,  3  national  banks, 
a  foundry,  a  pottery,  a  steam  flour-mill,  several  salt  fur- 
naces, a  rolling-mill,  chair-factory,  and  2  planing-mills. 
Four  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Coal  is  mined 
near  this  place,  which  is  surrounded  by  verdant  hills.  It 
has  3  public  sohool-houses.  Pop.  4361;  of  the  township, 
6186. 

Cambridge,  a  borough  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  in  Cam- 
bridge township,  on  French  Creek,  and  on  the  Atlantic  <fc 
Great  Western  Railroad,  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Mcadville,  and 
20  miles  S.  of  Erie.  It  has  5  churches,  a  private  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  a  large  cheese-factory,  a 
tannery,  a  saw-mill,  and  2  planing-mills.  Pop.  912.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Cambridgeborough. 
.  Cambridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  2 
miles  from  Honey  Brook  Railroad  Station,  and  about  44 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  is  partly  in  Chester  co. 
Here  is  a  creamery,  <fcc. 

Cambridge,  a  post-village  of  Lamoille  co.,  Yt,,  in 
Cambridge  township,  on  the  Lamoille  River,  about  24  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Burlington,  and  3  miles  from  Cambridge  Junction, 
or  Jefferson  ville.  It  has  a  money-order  post-offlce,2  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  furniture  and  lumber.  Pop.  nearly 
400:  of  the  township,  1651. 

Cambridge,  a  post-village  of  Dane  co..  Wis.,  in  Chris- 
tiana township,  on  the  Koshkonong  River,  22  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Madison.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  a  creamery, 
manufactures  of  wagons  and  sleighs,  sorghum-,  cider-,  and 
flour-mills,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  452. 

Cambridgeborough,  Pa.    See  Cambridge. 

Cambridge  City,  a  post- village  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Whitewater  River,  and  on  the  Fort  Wayne,  Muncie  & 
Cincinnati  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Pan-Handle  Rail- 
road, and  on  the  Cincinnati  <fc  Whitewater  Valley  Railroad, 
15  miles  W.  of  Richmond^  and  53  miles  E.  of  Indianapolis. 
It  is  also  the  N.  terminus  of  the  Whitewater  Canal ;  and 
another  railroad  extends  hence  southwestward  to  Columbus. 
The  village  has  6  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  machine- 
shop,  car-works,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  beer,  lumber, 
furniture,  sash,  blinds,  <fec.  Two  weekly  newspaper.s  are 
published  here.     Pop.  2162. 

Cambridge  Gulf,  in  Northwestern  Australia,  between 
Capes  Dussejour  and  Domett,  lat.  14°  45'  S.,  is  20  miles 
wide  at  its  entrance,  and  runs  75  miles  inland. 

Cambridge  Junction,  Yt.    See  Jeffersoxville. 

Cambridgeport,  formerly  a  separate  village  of  Mid- 
dlesex CO.,  Mass.,  but  now  forming  that  part  of  the  city  of 
Cambridge  which  is  situated  on  the  estuary  of  Charles 
River,  opposite  to  and  W.  of  Boston,  with  which  it  is  con- 
nected by  a  bridge.  It  contains  the  city  hall,  11  churches,  3 
national  banks,  a  convent,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufac- 
tures of  reed-organs,  boilers,  soap,  books,  cordage,  <tc. 


CAM 


770 


CAM 


CambridRCport,  a  poet-village  of  Windham  oo.,  Vt., 
in  Ornaon  township,  7  milos  W.N.W.  of  Uellows  Falls.  It 
has  a  church,  a  woollen-factory,  and  2  soapstone-inills. 

Cnnibril8,k&in-breoU',aBoaport  of  Spain,  8  miles  S.W. 
of  Tarnvgonn.     Pop.  2140. 

Cnniburgf  a  town  of  Germany.    So«  Kamburo. 

Cum 'bus,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Clackmannan,  2 
miles  \Y.  of  Alloa. 

Ciim'buslanK,  a  village  of  Scotland,  in  Lanarkshire, 
fi  miled  by  rail  S.K.  of  Glasgow.     Pop.  of  parish,  3740. 

CHmbyiia,kam-bi'n%,orKabeina,ka-bi'na,  an  island 
of  Die  Malay  Archipelago,  15  milos  S.  of  Celebes.  Lat.  i>° 
Sr  S. ;  Ion.  121°  67'  £.    Length,  20  milos;  breadth,  15  miles. 

Cam'den,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an 
area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
the  Atluntio  Ocean,  on  the  S.  by  St.  Mary's  Uiver,  and  is  in- 
tersouted  by  Satilla  Uiver.  The  surface  is  level ;  the  soil  is 
sandy.  A  large  portion  of  the  county  is  covered  with  pine 
forests,  nice  is  the  chief  product.  Capital,  St.  Mary's. 
Pop.  in  1870,  4616;  in  1880,  6183;  in  1890,  6178. 

Camden,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Missouri, 
has  an  area  of  about  650  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Oblige  River,  and  also  drained  by  theNianguaand  Grand 
Auglaize  Rivers.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly.  The 
bluffs  and  terraces  of  the  Niangua  and  Osage  Rivers  are 

Eicturesque.  Forests  of  the  ash,  elm,  hickory,  white  oak, 
lack  walnut,  wild  cherry,  do.,  cover  a  large  part  of  the 
surface.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  pork,  aud  wheat 
are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  minerals  are  iron  ore, 
lead,  and  Lower  Silurian  magnesinn  limestone,  which  is  a 
good  building  material.  The  St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco 
Railroad  traverses  the  southeastern  portion  of  the  county, 
of  which  Linn  Creek  is  the  capital.  Pop.  iu  1870,  6108; 
in  1880,  7266;  in  1890,  10.040. 

Camden,  a  county  of  New  Jersey,  has  an  area  of  about 
250  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Dela- 
ware River,  and  is  drained  by  Great  Egg  Harbor  River  and 
Cooper's  and  Big  Timber  Creeks.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level ;  the  soil  is  mostly  sandy,  but  the  N.W.  part  is  a  fertile 
loam.  The  staple  products  are  Indian  corn,  potatoes,  sweet 
potatoes,  <fec.  I'his  county  supplies  largo  quantities  of  vege- 
tables, strawberries,  and  other  small  fruits  for  the  market 
of  Philadelphia.  It  has  valuable  beds  of  marl,  and  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Camden  &  Atlantic  Railroad,  the  Philadel- 
phia A  Atlantic  City  Railroad,  the  New  Jersey  Southern 
Railroad,  and  the  West  Jersey  Railroad.  Capital,  Camden. 
Pop.  in  1870,  46,193;  in  1880,  62,942;  in  1890,  87,687. 

Camden,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  North  Carolina, 
has  an  area  of  about  250  square  miles,  comprising  the  south- 
ern part  of  the  Dismal  Swamp.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E. 
by  Albemarle  Sound,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  Pasquotank  River. 
The  surface  is  level,  and  is  partly  covered  with  forests  of 
cypress  and  cedar,  from  which  good  timber  is  procured. 
The  soil  produces  Indian  corn  and  sweet  potatoes.  The 
Norfolk  Southern  Railroad  traverses  the  county  in  a  N.E. 
direction,  passing  through  Camden,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  6361 ;  in  1880,  6274  ;  in  1890,  6667. 

Camden,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wilcox  co.,  Ala., 
about  36  miles  S.S.W.  of  Selma,  and  about  4  miles  S.  of  the 
Alabama  River.  It  has  a  court-house,  8  churches,  an 
academy,  and  a  female  seminary.  Two  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.     Pop.  545. 

Camden,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ouachita  co..  Ark., 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Ouachita  River,  at  the  head  of 
navigation  (low  water),  about  100  miles  S.S.W.  of  Little 
Rock.  Steamboats  of  middle  or  large  size  ascend  the  river 
(in  winter  and  spring)  to  this  place,  which  is  supported 
chiefly  by  trade  and  navigation.  Camden  has  a  newspaper 
office,  8  churches,  a  bank,  a  foundry,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a 
woollen-factory.  About  25,000  bjiles  of  cotton  are  annually 
■hipped  here.     Pop.  about  2250. 

Camden,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  Del.,  on  the  Dela- 
ware Railroad,  51  miles  S.  of  Wilmington,  and  3  miles  S. 
of  Dover.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  factory 
for  canning  fruits.     Pop.  about  800. 

Camden,  a  post-village  of  Schuyler  co.,  111.,  in  Cam- 
den township  (which  is  intersected  by  the  La  Moin  River), 
about  12  miles  W.  of  Rushville,  and  40  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Quincy.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  about  400 ;  of  the  town- 
ship, 1173. 

Camden,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.,  in  Jackson 
township,  on  Deer  Creek,  and  on  the  Logansport,  Crawfords- 
Tille  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Logans- 
port.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  bank,  3  flour- 
mills,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  planing-niill.     Pop.  760. 

Camden,  a  village  of  Jay  co.,  Ind.,  in  Penn  township, 
on  the  Salamonie  River,  about  44  miles  S.  of  Fort  Wayne. 


It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  tannery,  a  flouriDg- 
mill,  2  saw-mills,  and  2  carriage-shops.  The  name  of  iti 
post-office  is  Pennville.     Pop.  about  600. 

Camden,  Morris  co.,  Kansas.    See  Skiddv. 

Camden,  a  post-village  in  Camden  townshij),  Knox  co., 
Me.,  on  the  M'.  shore  of  Penobscot  Ray,  8  miles  N.N.K.  of 
Rockland,  nnd  about  4U  miles  E.S.E.  of  Augusta.  It  has 
several  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  luid  mnnufae- 
tures  of  anchors,  capstans,  pumps,  woollen  goods,  Ac.  A 
large  quantity  of  lime  is  exported  from  Camden.  The 
township  contains  villages  named  Rockport  and  Rockville, 
and  has  10  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  4621. 

Camden,  a  ]>08t-village  of  Hillsdale  oo.,  Mich.,  in 
Camden  township,  16  milos  S.W.  of  Hillsdale,  and  4  miles 
E.  by  S.  from  Montgomery.  It  has  2  churches,  innnufao- 
tures  of  shingles,  doors,  &,c.,  a  graded  school,  a  flour-mill, 
and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  about  400. 

Camden,  a  post-township  of  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.,  about 
40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Jackson,  is  traversed  by  the  Fort  Wayne, 
Jackson  &  Saginaw  Railroad.  It  contains  villages  named 
Camden  and  Montgomery.     Pop.  1995. 

Camden,  a  village  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  about  22  miles 
S.E.  of  Grand  Rapids. 

Camden,  a  township  of  Carver  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  660, 

Camden,  a  post-village  of  Lj'on  co.,  Minn.,  in  Lynd 
township,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Marshall.     It  has  a  ilour-mill, 

Camden,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co..  Miss.,  about  44 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Jackson.     It  has  3  churches  and  3  stores. 

Camden,  a  township  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  1359. 
It  contains  Maysville. 

Camden,  a  post-village  of  Ray  co..  Mo.,  in  Camden 
township,  on  the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas 
City  &  Northern  IVilroad,  36  miles  E.N.E.  of  Kansiis  City, 
and  about  14  miles  by  water  above  Lexington.  It  has  sev- 
eral stores,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  church.  Coal  is  mined  here. 
Pop.  357  ;  of  the  township,  3347. 

Camden,  a  post-village  of  Seward  co..  Neb.,  is  on  the 
Big  Blue  River,  1  mile  from  the  mouth  of  the  West  Blue, 
7  miles  N.  of  Crete,  and  about  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lincoln. 
It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Camden,  a  city  and  port  of  entry,  capital  of  Camden 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  opposite  Philadelphia,  to 
which  it  is  connected  by  five  lines  of  steam  ferry-boats.  It 
stands  upon  nearly  level  ground,  its  river-front  extending 
from  Cooper's  Creek  on  the  north  to  Newton  Creek  on 
the  south,  the  latter  separating  it  from  Gloucester  City. 
Cooper's  Creek  is  navigable  beyond  the  city  limits.  Cam- 
den is  a  terminus  of  the  Camden  &  Amboy,  Camden  i 
Burlington  County,  Camden  <t  Atlantic,  Philadelphia  & 
Atlantic  City,  West  Jersey,  and  Camden,  Gloucester  ifc 
Mt.  Ephraim  Railroads.  It  has  31  churches,  a  city  hall, 
county  buildings,  a  hospital,  a  children's  home,  a  colored 
orphanage,  a  dispensary,  2  national  banks,  a  trust  and 
savings  fund,  and  4  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers.  Its 
streets  are  laid  out  at  right  angles,  and  there  are  lines  of 
street  railway.  Camden  is  the  seat  of  varied  manufactures, 
having  seven  iron-foundries  (among  them  some  of  the 
largest  class),  22  boot-  and  shoe-factories,  6  carriage-  and 
wagon-works,  3  chemical-works,  7  lumber-mills,  12  textile 
establishments,  a  nickel-refinery,  and  manufactures  of 
paints,  dyes,  fertilizers,  machinery,  sheet-metal  goods, 
shawls,  oil-cloths,  stoves,  &o.  It  has  eight  ship-building 
yards,  dry-docks,  and  marine  railways.  Near  the  city  limits 
is  the  Camden  Abattoir.  Its  water  supply  is  pumped  from 
the  Delaware  at  Pavonia.  Pop.  in  1850,  9478 ;  in  18ti0, 
14,358;  in  1870,  20,045  (since  which  time  the  city  bus  been 
increased  by  the  annexation  of  a  part  of  Newton) ;  is 
18S0,  41,659;  in  1890,  58,313. 

Camden,  a  post-village  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y..  on  Fish 
Creek,  in  Camden  township,  and  on  the  Rome,  Watertown 
A  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Rome,  and  about 
30  miles  N.E.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  a  bank,  a  tannery,  a 
post-office-box-factory,  2  sash-,  door-,  and  blind-factories,  6 
manufactories  of  furniture,  2  rake-factories,  a  woollen-mill, 
5  churches,  a  union  school,  and  a  foundry.  One  weekly 
and  one  monthly  newspaper  is  published  here.  Pop.  1902} 
of  the  township,  3391. 

Camden,  Camden  co.,  N.C.   See  Camden  Court- Housk* 

Camden,  a  township  of  Lorain  oo.,  0.     Pop.  858. 

Camden,  a  post-village  of  Preble  co.,  0.,  in  Somers 
tovvnship,  on  Seven  Mile  Creek,  and  on  the  Cincinnati, 
Richmond  A  Chicago  Railroad,  44  miles  N.  of  Cincinnati, 
and  26  miles  S.E.  of  Richmond,  Ind.  It  has  water-power, 
and  several  flour-mills  and  saw-  and  planing-mills,  also  3 
churches,  public  schools,  aud  a  newspaper  oflice.  It  is  th^ 
seat  of  the  "  Nonpareil"  portrait-copying  house,  and  is  • 
great  agricultural  and  stock  centre.    Pop.  846 


CAM 


m 


CAM 


Camden^  a  station  in  Mifflin  township,  Alleghany  oo., 
Pa.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Virginia  &  Charleston  Railroad,  17 
miles  S.  of  Pittsburg.     Here  arc  extensive  coal-mines. 

CamdcU)  a  post-village,  capital  of  Kershaw  co.,  S.C., 
is  about  1  mile  E.  of  the  Watereo  River,  which  is  navigable 
by  steamboats,  and  32  miles  N.E.  of  Columbia.  It  is  the 
northern  terminus  of  the  Camden  Branch  of  the  South 
C.irulina  Railroad,  and  has  a  court-bouse,  7  churches,  2 
banks,  industrial  and  .3  graded  schools,  and  2  newspaper 
offices.  A  battle  was  fought  here  between  General  Greene 
and  Lord  Rawdon  in  April,  1781.     Pop.  3533. 

Camden,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Benton  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad,  87 
miles  W.  of  Nashville.  It  has  a  court-house,  3  churches, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  400. 

Camden,  a  post-hamlot  of  Lewis  co.,  W.  Va.,  29  miles 
from  Clarksburg.     It  has  a  store. 

Camden  Bay,  in  Alaska,  is  on  the  Arctic  Ocean,  lat. 
70°  N.,  Ion.  145°  W. 

Camden  Court-House,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Cam- 
den CO.,  N.C.,  on  the  navigable  Pasquotank  River,  about  18 
miles  from  its  entrance  into  Albemarle  Sound,  and  42  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Norfolk,  Va.     Pop.  1684. 

Camden  Crossing  is  on  the  Wilmington  &  Columbia 
Railroad,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Sumter,  S.C,  at  the  crossing  of 
the  Camden  Branch  of  the  South  Carolina  Railroad. 

Camden  East,  or  Clark's  Mills,  also  called 
Clarkesville,  a  post-village  in  Addington  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  Napanee  River,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Napanee.  It  has 
great  water-power  and  several  mills.     Pop.  500. 

Camden  Junction,  a  station  in  Baltimore  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  4  miles  from  Baltimore. 
Camden  Mills,  Illinois.    See  Milan. 
Camden  Point,  a  post-village  of  Platte  co.,  Mo.,  on 
the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  18  miles  N.E. 
of  Leavenworth,  Kansas.     It  has  a  church.    Pop.  77. 
Camden  Station,  Delaware.    See  WyoMiNG. 
Camden-Town,  England,  a  suburb  of  London,  co.  of 
Middlesex,  Si  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Paul's.     Pop.  1 7,943. 

Cam'denville,  a  village  of  Anderson  co.,  Ky.,  on  Salt 
River,  15  miles  from  Frankfort.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  an  academy,  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  about  150. 

Cam'elford,  a  town  of  England,  in  Cornwall,  on  the 
Camel,  11  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bodmin.  Here  was  fought  the 
famous  battle  between  King  Arthur  and  his  nephew  Mod- 
red,  A.D.  543. 

Cam'elon,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Stirling,  1 J  miles 
^y.N.W.  of  Falkirk.  Pop.  1838.  Old  Camelon,  a  little  north- 
westward, was  an  ancient  port  on  the  Carron,  supposed  to 
be  the  Roman  Ad-  Vallum. 

Cam'elot,  a  steep  hill  in  the  parish  of  Queen's  Camel, 
Somersetshire,  England,  5  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ilchester.  Here 
are  some  remains  of  remote  antiquity ;  and  the  place  is 
identified  by  tradition  with  Camelot,  one  of  the  capitals  of 
the  legendary  King  Arthur. 

Cam'el's  Hump,  a  peak  of  the  Green  Mountains,  in 

Vermont,  is  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Burlington,  and  2  or  3 

miles  S.  of  the  Winooski  River.  It  has  a  height  of  4088  feet. 

Cam  en,  ki'm^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  Westphalia,  8  miles 

by  rail  S.W.  of  Ilamra.     Pop.  3728. 

Camenz,  or  Kamenz,  kJ,'m6nts,  a  town  of  Saxony, 
on  the  Black  Elster,  20  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Dresden.  It 
has  manufactures  of  earthenware,  tobacco,  and  starch,  sev- 
eral dye-works  and  tanneries,  numerous  mills,  and  4 
churches.     Pop.  6406. 

Camera  (or  Ca'ma)  do  Lobos,  ki'mi-ri  do  lo'boce, 
a  maritime  village  of  Madeira,  a  few  miles  W.  of  Funchal, 
in  a  picturesque  valley. 

Camerano,  ki-md-r3,'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  9  miles  S.  of  Ancona.     Pop.  3709. 

Cameri,  kil-mi'ree,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  4i 
miles  N.E.  of  Novara.     Pop.  3935. 

Camerino,  ki-md-ree'no  (anc.  Gameri'nnm),  a  city  of 
Italy,  province  of  Macerata,  41  miles  S.W.  of  Ancona.  It 
has  a  cathedral,  an  archbishop's  palace,  monasteries  and 
convents,  a  university,  founded  in  1727,  and  a  silk-factory. 
It  was  anciently  an  important  city.     Pop.  11,880. 

Camerlata,  ki-mfir-14'tl,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
and  2  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Como.     Pop.  2220. 

Cam'eron,  a  parish  forming  the  S.W.  extremity  of 
Louisiana,  has  an  area  of  about  1500  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  is  intersected 
by  the  Calcasieu  Lake,  an  expansion  of  Calcasieu  River. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  partly  occupied  by  savan- 
nas or  open  plains,  which  produce  pasture  for  cattle.  The 
soil  is  mostly  sandy.  Capital,  Cameron.  Pop.  in  1870, 
1591 ;  in  1880,  2416;  in  1890,  2828. 


Cameron,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  Penn- 
sylvania. Area,  382  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Sinnemahoning  Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  mostly 
covered  with  forests  of  chestnut,  pine,  oak,  and  other  trees; 
the  soil  produces  grass,  oats,  Indian  corn,  Ac.  It  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie  division  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad,  and  by  the  Western  New  York  &  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  which  meet  at  Emporium,  the  capital 
of  the  county.     Pop.  in  1880,  5159;  in  1890,  7238. 

Cameron,  a  large  county  forming  the  S.  extremity  of 
Texas,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  on 
the  S.  by  the  Rio  Grande,  which  separates  it  from  the  Mex- 
ican state  of  Tamaulipas.  The  surface  is  nearly  level;  the 
soil  produces  pasture  for  numerous  cattle,  which  are  the 
chief  article  of  export.  This  county  has  several  salt  lakes 
or  lagoons  from  which  salt  is  procured.  The  Rio  Grande 
Railroad,  crossing  its  southern  extremity,  connects  I'oint 
Isabel  with  Brownsville,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 10,999; 
in  1880,  14,959;  in  1890,  14,424. 

Cameron,  a  station  in  Kern  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Southern 
Pacific  Railroad,  119  miles  S.S.E.  of  Tulare. 

Cameron,  a  post-village  of  Scrivcn  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Ogeechee  River,  and  on  the  Georgia  Central  Railroad,  55 
miles  N.AV.  of  Savannah.     It  has  2  churches. 

Cameron,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  9  miles  AV.S.W.  of 
Galcsburg,  and  7  miles  E.  of  Monmouth.  It  has  3  churches 
and  4  stores.     Coal  abounds  here. 

Cameron,  or  Jjecs'burg,  a  post-hnmltt,  capital  of 
Cameron  parish,  La.,  on  the  east  bank  of  Calcasieu  River, 

2  miles  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  90  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Galveston,  Tex.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Cameron. 

Cameron,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Hannibal  <fc  St.  Joseph  Railrotid  where  it  crosses  the  Chi- 
cago, Rock  Island  k  Pacific  Railroad,  35  miles  E.  of  St. 
Joseph,  and  41  miles  W.  of  Chillicothe.    It  has  12  churches, 

3  banks,  a  graded  school,  a  collegiate  and  business  institute, 
and  an  academy.  One  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers  are 
published  here.     Pop.  2917. 

Cameron,  a  post-oflSce  of  Hall  co.,  Neb. 

Cameron,  a  post-village  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Cam- 
eron township,  on  the  Canisteo  River,  and  on  the  Erie  Rail- 
road, 41  miles  W.  by  N.  from  Elmira,  and  12  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Bath.  It  has  a  church  and  3  stores.  Pop.  161 ;  of  the 
township,  1612. 

Cameron,  a  post-village  of  Moore  co.,  N.C.,  in  Green- 
wood township,  on  the  Raleigh  &  Augusta  Railroad,  57 
miles  S.W.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  1  or  2  churches,  2  hotels,  a 
tannery,  4  turpentine-distilleries,  and  5  stores. 

Cameron,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  0.,  in  Adams 
township,  about  40  miles  N.E.  of  Marietta,  was  formerly 
called  Jamestown.     It  has  3  stores.     Pop.  145. 

Cameron,  a  post-village  of  Cameron  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Sinnemahoning  River,  and  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie  Rail- 
road, 5  miles  S.E.  of  Emporium.  It  has  2  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  lumber. 

Cameron,  township,  Northumberland  co.,  Pa.    P.  603. 

Cameron,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Milam  co.,  Tex.,  on 
Little  River,  10  miles  N.  of  Rockdale  Railroad  Station,  about 
66  miles  N.E.  of  Austin,  and  24  miles  W.S.W.  of  Calvert. 
It  has  4  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  banks,  a  female 
college,  a  college  for  boys,  and  manufactures  of  farming- 
implements,  ice,  and  wine.     Pop.  in  1890,  1608. 

Cameron,  a  station  on  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad, 

4  miles  from  Alexandria,  Va. 

Cameron,  a  station  in  Je8"crson  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Winchester  &  Potomac  Railroad,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Harper's 
Ferry. 

Cameron,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  28  miles  S.  by  E.  from 
Wheeling.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a 
flouring-mill.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Cameron  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Erie  Railroad  and  Canisteo  River,  in  Rathbone 
township,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Hornellsville.  It  has  a  church, 
a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Cameron's  Cone,  Colorado,  a  mountain  of  the  Front 
Range,  in  lat.  38°  50'  N.,  Ion.  104°  58'  30"  W.  It  has  an 
altitude  of  11,460  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Cameroons,  kam-er-oons',  or  Camerones,  ki-mi- 
ro'nfis,  a  river  of  Western  Africa,  Upper  Guinea,  which, 
after  a  S.W.  course  of  uncertain  length,  enters  the  Bight  of 
Biafra,  near  lat.  4°  N.,  Ion.  9°  40'  E.,  by  an  estuary  20  miles 
in  width,  which  contains  several  large  islands.  About  90 
miles  from  the  sea  it  forms  a  cataract,  as  do  several  of  ita 
affluents,  in  passing  through  the  Cameroons  Mountains. 
On  its  banks  are  many  populous  villages. 


rCAM 


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CAM 


Camcroona  Mountains,  a  chain  in  AVestorn  Africa,, 
the  ouluiinuting  puiiit  being  in  lut.  4°  13'  N.,  lun.  9°  lU'  K., 
l.HJUO  rc«t  in  devatiun.  It  is  covered  nearly  to  the  auin- 
luit  with  trcee  of  luxuriant  growth.    See  Capk  Cambkoons. 

Cuniorotnf  k&-uii-ro'l4,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Balorno,   17  uiiKs  S.  by  K.  of  Viillo.     Top.  3083. 

Camctn,  k&-iud't&,  or  Camuta,  k&-moo't&,  a  town 
vf  Itnuil,  on  tho  Tocnntins,  85  miles  S.AY.  of  Par&. 

Camiciaua;  Aqu«e«    See  Castel  Termini. 

Camicus,  tho  nnuicnt  name  of  Platam. 

CaniiKuiu  (k&-iuc-gheen')  iHland,  one  of  the  Babu- 
yan Islands,  Jliilay  Archipelago,  lat.  18°  64'  N.,  Ion.  121° 
b'6'  E.,  froiu  7  to  ti  miles  lung,  higii  and  hilly.  The  south- 
ern part  is  formed  of  a  high  mountain,  formerly  a  volcano, 
visible  at  60  miles'  distance.  The  shore  is  lined  with  coral 
rock.    On  the  we!>torn  side  is  the  port  of  8an  Pio  Quinto. 

Camiguin  Island,  one  of  the  smallest  of  the  Philip- 
pines. N.W.  of  Mindanao.   Lat.  8°  69'  N.;  Ion.  124°  20'  E. 

Cumil'la,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Mitchell  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  Atlantic  &  Gulf  Railroad,  26  miles  S.  of  Albany.  It 
has  4  churches  and  a  high  school.  A  weekly  newspaper  is 
published  here.     Pop.  about  1200. 

Camilla,  a  post-village  in  Cardwell  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Nottawasaga  River,  6  miles  from  Orangcville.     Pop.  100. 

Camil'lus,  a  post-village  of  Onundnga  co.,  N.Y.,  is  in 
Camillus  township,  on  the  Otisco  outlet  or  Nino  Mile  Creek, 
and  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Syra- 
cuse, and  about  1  mile  S.  of  the  Erie  Canal.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  union  school,  a  largo  flour-mill,  a  woollen-fac- 
tory, Ac.  Pop.  698  ;  of  the  township,  2613.  The  township 
contains  also  Amboy  and  Belle  Isle. 

Caininha,  k&-mccn'y&,  a  town  of  Portugal,  27  miles 
N.W.  of  Braga,  on  the  Minho.     Pop.  2260. 

Camisano,  k&-me-s&'no,  a  small  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  8i  miles  E.S.E.  of  Vicenza.     Pop.  4044. 

Camisano,  a  small  town  of  Italy,  in  Cremona,  6  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Crema.     Pop.  1107. 

C'amMapoor',  a  town  of  British  India,  presidency  of 
Madras,  contiguous  to  the  ruins  of  Buanaguk  (which  see), 
of  which  city  it  probably  once  formed  a  part.  Near  it  are 
two  magnificent  Hindoo  temples. 

Cammarata,  a  town  of  Sicily.     See  Cauarata. 

Cammeer,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Kahger. 

Cammin,  Kammin,  k&m-meen',  or  Kamin,  k&- 
mcen',  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  38  miles  N.N.E.  of 
fitcttin,  near  the  Baltic.     Pop.  6261. 

Cainoghe,  ki-mo'gi,  a  mountain  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton of  Ticino,  on  the  borders  of  Italy,  7  miles  N.  of  Lago 
di  Lugano.     It  has  an  elevation  of  8800  feet. 

Camogli,  kS.-m6ryee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  18 
miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Genoa,  on  a  high  rock  overlooking 
the  Gulf  of  Genoa.     Pop.  4986. 

Cain'olin,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Wexford,  on  the 
Bann,  6i  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Gorcy.     Pop.  483. 

Camonica,  k&-mon'e-k&,  or  Yaile  Camonica,  v&l'- 
li  ki-mon'e-ki,  a  valley  of  Italy,  province  of  Bergamo, 
£i>rmcd  by  two  branches  of  the  Rhactian  Alps,  and  stretch- 
ing 50  miles  from  N.N.E.  to  S.S.W.,  along  both  branches 
of  the  Oglio,  and  as  far  as  the  Lake  of  Isco.  The  inhab- 
itants, now  about  60,000,  were  anciently  called  Camuni. 

Camorta,  ki-mon't^,  Car  Morta,  kan  moR't&,  or 
Nicavari,  ne-ki-vS.'ree,  one  of  the  Nicobar  Islands,  Gulf 
of  Bengal.  Lat.  8°  2'  N.;  Ion.  93°  40'  E.  Length,  16  miles; 
breadth,  from  2  to  6  miles.  It  is  sej)arated  by  a  narrow 
channel  from  Nancowry,  and,  along  with  that  island,  forms 
Kancowry  Harbor,  which  is  well  sheltered  and  capacious. 

Camot,  a  village  of  Switzerland.    See  Ciamot. 

Camp,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Texas,  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  the  Big  Cypress  Bayou.  The  surface  is  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests  of  oak,  pine,  and  other  trees ;  the 
soil  is  fertile.  The  county  is  traversed  by'2  railroad  lines 
which  cross  at  Pittsburg,  the  capital.  Area,  200  square 
miles.     Pop.  in  1880,  6931;  in  1890,  6624. 

Campa^na,  a  division  of  Italy.    See  Campania. 
.  Campagna,  kim-pin'yi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
Und  20  miles  E.  of  Salerno,  in  the  midst  of  high  mountains. 
Pop.  9813.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Campagna,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  12  miles  S.W. 
»f  Venice.     Pop.  1300. 

Campagnac,  kdw^pin^yik',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Aveyron,  23  miles  E.  of  Rodez.     Pop.  1230. 

Campagna  di  Roma,  kJLm-pd,n'y&  dee  ro'mil,  an  old 
province  of  Italy,  nearly  corresponding  in  limits  to  the 
ancient  Latium,  extending  along  the  W.  coast  from  Civita 
Vecchia  to  Astura  and  the  Pontine  Marshes,  and  inland  to 
the  Alban  and  Sabine  Hills,  Rome  being  near  its  centre. 
Length,  about  70  miles;  greatest  breadth,  40  miles.     It  is 


an  undulating  region,  rising  to  200  feet  above  tho  sea,  and 
is  skirted  on  tho  Mediterranean  by  a  strip  of  uiarsh-lund 
from  2  to  8  miles  in  breadth.  Once  the  richest  and  uioBt 
populous  country  in  the  world,  it  is  now  nearly  destitute 
of  inhabitants,  except  in  a  few  scattered  towns. 

Campaguatico,  k&m-p&n-y&'tc-ko,  a  town  of  Italji   i 
province  and  15  miles  N.E.  of  Grosseto.     Pop.  6143. 

Campagnola,  k&m-p&n-yo'l&,  a  village  of  Italy,  ii   i 
Emilia,  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Reggio.     Pop.  3496. 

Canipan,  k&M^p6M«',  n  town  of  France,  dcnartmcnt  of 
Hautes-l'yr<:n6e8, on  the  Adour,  17  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Tarbei, 
Pop.  3924. 

C'ampafia,  k&m-pftn'y&,  an  island  off  the  western  conit 
of  Patagonia,  lat.  48°  30'  S.  and  Ion.  75°  30'  W.,  separated 
from  AVellington  Island  by  Fallos  Channel.  Length,  about 
66  miles;  breadth,  10  miles. 

Campana,  k&m-pjl'nil,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Cosenza,  7  miles  S.AV.  of  Cariati.     Pop.  2247. 

Campafta,  kAra-pin'y&,  or  Compann,  kom-])&'ni,ft 
town  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  on  tho  river  Parand,  4S     1 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Buenos  Ayres. 

Campana,  or  La  Campana,  1&  kii,m-pjl'n&,  a  town 
of  Spain,  37  miles  E.N.E.  of  Seville.     Pop.  5374. 

Canipanario,  k&in-ti&-n&'re-o,  a  town  of  Spain,  Kstro- 
madura,  62  miles  E.  of  Biulajos.  It  manufactures  linen, 
esparto  ropes,  wine,  and  oil.  It  has  trade  in  grain,  wool, 
and  esparto.     Pop.  6146. 

Campanet,  kfim-p^-ndt',  a  town  of  Spain,  island  of 
Majorca,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Palma.     Pop.  2191. 

Campanha,  k.lm-pAn'yi,  a  city  of  Brazil,  in  Minas. 
Geraes,  150  miles  S.W.  of  Ouro  Preto.     Pop.  6600. 

Campania,  kim-p&n'yj,  (Lat.  Campunia ;  Ital.  Cam. 
2>(if/iia),  a  coiiipartimento  of  the  kingdom  of  Italy,  com- 
prising  the  provinces  of  Avellino,  Bcnevento,  Cascrta, 
Naples,  and  Salerno.  Area,  6937  square  miles.  It  com- 
prises  the  district  called  Campania  in  ancient  times ;  but 
afterwards  that  name  was  applied  to  the  Cautagxa  di 
Roma  (which  see).     Pop.  2,754,592. 

Campa'nia  Fe'iix,and  Campagna  Felice,  k&m. 

?in'j'i  fd-lee'chi,  names  sometimes  given  to  a  jiart  of 
taly  corresponding  to  the  province  of  Caserta. 

Camp  Apaclie,  1-pi'chi,  a  U.S.  military  post  in  Ari- 
zona,  lat.  34°  N.,  Ion.  109°  45'  AV.,  on  AVhite  Mountain  River. 

Cam'par^  a  river  and  town  of  the  island  of  Sumatra, 
on  its  E.  coast,  75  mile?  S.W.  of  Singapore. 

Campauna,  kim-pow'ni,  a  town  of  the  state  of  Boyac<i, 
United  States  of  Colombia,  46  miles  W.  of  Tunja.  Pop., 
with  surroundings,  5000. 

Camp  Badger,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tulare  co.,  Cal.,  22 
miles  (direct)  N.  by  E.  of  Visalia,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Camp  Ileale's  Springs,  in  Mohave  eo.,  Arizona,  a 
United  States  military  post,  lat.  35°  16'  N.,  Ion.  114°  W. 

Campbell,  kam'^1,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part 
of  Georgia,  has  an  area  of  about  250  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  W.  by  the  Chattahoochee  River.  The 
surface  is  undulating;  the  soil  in  some  parts  is  fertile. 
Cotton  and  Indian  corn  ore  the  staple  products.  Gold 
and  iron  have  been  found  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Atlanta  &  AVest  Point  Railroad.  Capital,  Fairburn. 
Pop.  in  1870,  9176;  in  1880,  9970;  in  1890,  9115. 

Campbell,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kentucky,  has 
an  area  of  about  170  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  the  Ohio  River,  which  separates  it  from  Ohio  (Hamilton 
county),  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Licking  River.  The  surface 
is  partly  undulating  ;  the  soil  is  fertile,  being  based  on  Silu- 
rian (Trenton)  limestone.  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  wheat  are 
the  staple  products.  The  Chesapeake  A  Ohio  Railroad 
traverses  the  whole  of  the  E.  border  of  this  county.  Capi- 
tal, Newport.  Pop.  in  1870,  27,406;  in  1880,37,440;  in 
1890,  44,208. 

Campbell,  a  county  of  East  Tennessee,  bordering  on 
Kentucky,  has  an  area  of  about  360  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  Clinch  River,  ond  is  also  drained  by 
several  small  affluents  of  the  Cumberland  River.  The  sur- 
face is  mountainous  and  mostly  covered  with  forests.  A 
portion  of  the  Cumberland  Mountains  is  comprised  in  this 
county.  The  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad 
enters  the  county  at  Jellioo  in  the  N.,  running  S.W.  to 
Buckeye,  thence  S.E.  to  Knoxville.  Indian  corn,  oat*, 
bituminous  coal,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  Capital, 
•Taoksborough.  Pop.  in  1870,  7445;  in  1880,  10,005;  in 
1890,  13,486. 

Campbell,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Virginia,  has  an 
area  of  about  580  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by 
James  River,  and  on  the  S.  by  Staunton  River.  The  sur- 
fiice  is  billy  and  extensively  covered  with  forests;  the  soil 
is  partly  fertile.    Indian  corn,  tobacoo,  oats,  and  wheat  are 


CAM 


773 


CAM 


the  staple  products.  Among  the  minerals  of  this  county  are 
granite  and  iron  ore.  It  is  intersected^  by  the  Atlantic, 
ilississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad  and  the  Virginia  Midland 
Railroad.  Chief  town,  Lynchburg.  Capital,  Campbell 
4:ourt-IIouse,  or  Rustburg.  Pop.  in  1870,  28,384;  in  1880, 
86,250;  in  1890,  41,087. 

Campbell,  a  post-village  of  Osceola  co.,  Fla.,  4i  miles 
J»y  rail  S.W.  of  Kissimmee.  It  has  a  church  and  an  acad- 
emy.    Pop.  100. 

Campbell,  a  post-village  of  Coles  co.,  III.,  H  miles  N. 
of  Janesville,  and  7  miles  (direct)  S.W.  of  Charleston.  It 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  100. 

Campbell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa,  10  miles 
by  rail  \V.  by  N.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  a  church,  and 
manufactures  of  brick  and  tile.     Pop.  100. 

Campbell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Worcester  co.,  Md.,  2i 
miles  S.W.  of  Showcll  Station,  and  18  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Snow  Hill.     It  has  a  church. 

Campbell,  a  station  in  Delta  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Chicago 
<t  Northwestern  Railroad,  about  10  miles  S.E.of  Centreville. 

Campbell,  a  post-township  and  village  of  Ionia  co., 
Mich.,  24  miles  E.S.E.  of  Grand  Rapids.  The  village  is  9 
miles  S.  of  Saranac.     It  has  a  snw-mill.     Total  pop.  1179. 

Campbell,  a  post-office  of  Wilkin  co.,  Minn.,  16  miles 
by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Breckenridge.     It  has  a  church. 

Campbell,  a  township  of  Greene  co..  Mo.  Pop.  8694. 
It  includes  the  city  of  Springfield. 

Campbell,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co..  Neb.,  17 
miles  by  rail  B.  of  Hildreth,  and  21  miles  (direct)  N.E.  of 
Bloomington.  It  has  2  churches,  2  banks,  a  flour-mill,  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  300. 

.  Campbell  (station,  Campbell's),  a  post-town  of  Steuben 
10.,  N.Y.,  10  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Bath.  It  has  3 
"lurches,  a  bank,  a  tannery,  a  free  school,  <to.     Pop.  1533. 

Campbell,  Butler  co..  Pa.    See  Campbell's  Statio.v. 

Campbell,  a  station  in  York  co..  Pa.,  on  the  railroad 
■om  York  to  Columbia,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  York. 

Campbell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co.,  Tenn.,  about  12 

lies  S.W.  of  Kno.wille.  It  has  a  church,  and  a  tannery, 
.dmiral  Farragut  was  born  here. 

Campbell,  a  post-town  of  Hunt  co.,  Tex.,  10  miles  by 

,il  E.  of  Greenville.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  800. 

Campbell,  a  station  in  Albemarle  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
ihesapeake  <fe  Ohio  Railroad,  11  miles  W.  of  Charlottesville. 

Campbell  Coart-House,  Va.     See  Rustburg. 

Campbellford,  kam'el-ford,  a  post-village  in  North- 

berland  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  river  Trent,  20  miles  N.  of 

jhton.  It  has  excellent  water-power,  several  grist-mills, 
tannery,  woollen-  and  carding-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  1000. 

Campbell  Hall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y., 

a  branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  SJ  miles  N.  of  Goshen. 
;t  has  a  butter-  and  cheese-factory. 

Campbell  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co..  III.,  in 

•adley  township,  on  the  Cairo  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  75 
liles  N.N.W.  of  Cairo.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and 
stores.     Pop.  about  300. 

Campbell  (kam'^1)  Island,  in  the  Pacific,  lat.  52°  33' 
16"  S.,  Ion.  169°  8'  41"  E.,  is  36  miles  in  circumference, 
lountainous,  and  has  several  good  harbors.  It  is  volcanic, 
,d  its  flora  is  very  interesting. 

Campbell's,  kam'^lz,  a  station  in  Christian  co..  III., 

the  Springfield  division  of  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Rail- 
lad,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Springfield. 

Campbell's,  a  station  in  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
'ew  York  &  New  England  Railroad,  main  line,  22  miles 
.W.  of  Boston,  Mass. 

Campbell's,  a  station  in  Middlesex  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
lilroad  from  New  Brunswick  to  Jersey  City,  5  miles  N.B. 
if  New  Brunswick. 

Campbell's,  a  station  in  Guernsey  co.,  0.,  on  the  Bal- 
imore  <fe  Ohio  Railroad,  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cambridge. 

Campbell's,  a  station  in  Maury  co.,  Tenn.  See  Foun- 
tain Creek. 

Campbell's  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co., 
S.C,  on  the  Little  Pedee  River. 

Campbellsburg,kam'elz-b»irg,  a  post-village  of  Wash- 
ington CO.,  Ind.,  1 1  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Salem.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manu- 
factures of  brick.     Pop.  418. 

Campbellsburg,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Ky., 
41  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Louisville.     It  has  3  churche*. 

Campbell's  Cross,  or  Dublin,  a  post-village  in 
Reel  CO.,  Ontario,  8  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Brampton.     P.  150. 

Campbell's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  New  London  co., 
Conn. 

Campbellsport,  kam'§lz-port,  a  post-hamlet  of  Port- 
age CO.,  0.,  3  miles  from  Ravenna.     It  has  a  church. 


Campbellsport  (station.  New  Castle),  a  post-villuge 
of  Fond  du  Lac  co..  Wis.,  13  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Fond 
du  Lac.     It  has  4  churches,  and  planing-  and  flour-uiills. 

Campbellstown,  kam'^lz-tdwn,  a  post-office  of  Preble 
CO.,  0.,  at  Florence,  a  station  on  the  Cincinnati,  Richmond 
&  Chicago  Railroad,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Richmond,  Ind. 

Campbellsville,  kam'^lz-vil,  a  post-village,  ca])ital  of 
Taylor  co.,  Ky.,  18  miles  S.  of  Lebanon,  and  about  66  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Lexington.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  4 
tobacco- warehouses,  a  grist-mill,  <fec.     Pop.  about  1500. 

Campbellsville,  a  post-'hamlet  of  Yazoo  co..  Miss., 
about  16  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Yazoo  City. 

Campbellsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Giles  co.,  Tenn., 
about  56  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Nashville.  It  has  a  church 
and  an  academy. 

Campbellton,  kam'^l-tSn,  a  post-village  of  Jackson 
CO.,  Fla.,  16  miles  (direct)  N.  by  W.  of  Marianna.  It  has 
2  churches.     Pop.  100. 

Campbellton,  a  post-village  of  Campbell  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Chattahoochee  River,  about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Atlanta. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  119. 

Campbellton,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Mo. 

Campbellton,  a  town  of  Ilestigouche  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  the  estuary  of  the  Restigouche  River,  16  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Dalhousie.  It  is  the  northernmost  town  in  the 
province,  and  contains  12  or  15  stores,  3  hotels,  and  several 
mills,  and  has  a  trade  in  lumber  and  fish.     Pop.  600. 

Campbellton,  a  village  in  Oxford  co.,  Ontario,  14  miles 
from  Ingersoll.     Pop.  100. 

Campbellton,  or  Clifton,  a  post-village  in  Prince 
CO.,  Prince  Edward  Island,  43  miles  N.W.  of  Summerside. 
Pop.  150. 

Campbelltown,  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.    See  Campbell. 

Caiiipbelltowii,  kara'?l-t6wn,  a  post-village  of  Leba- 
non CO.,  Pa.,  in  Londonderry  township,  3  miles  S.  of  Palmyra, 
and  about  18  miles  E.  of  Ilarrisburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Campbelltown,  ahamlet  and  station  of  Barnwell  co., 
S.C,  on  the  Port  Royal  Railroad,  50  miles  N.N.W.  of  Beau- 
fort.    It  has  a  church.     Here  is  Sanders  Post-Office. 

Campbellville,  kam'^I-vil,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  32  miles  N.E.  of  Williamsport. 

Campbellville,  a  post-village  in  llalton  co.,  Ontario, 
14  miles  N.W.  of  AVellington  Square.  It  has  a  woollen- 
factory,  saw-mills,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  200. 

Campbelton,  kam'§l-ton,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co. 
and  9  miles  N.E.  of  Inverness,  on  Beauly  Firth.  It  is  re- 
sorted to  as  a  bathing-place  in  summer. 

Campbeltown,  kam'?l-t5wn,  a  town  of  Scotland,  in 
Argyleshire,  on  the  peninsula  of  Kintyre,  38  miles  W.  by 
S.  of  Ayr.  It  has  a  good  harbor  and  some  fisheries.  Hero 
arc  over  20  distilleries.  Coal  has  been  wrought  near  the 
town.     Pop.  4593  ;  of  the  parish,  8580. 

Camp  Bid'well,  a  United  States  military  post  in 
Modoc  CO.,  Cal.     Lat.  41°  51'  14"  N.;  Ion.  120°  8'  45"  W, 

Camp  Bowie,  Arizona.    See  Apache  Pass. 

Camp  Branch,  a  township  of  Cass  co..  Mo.     P.  1258. 

Camp  Branch,  a  station  in  Pettis  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri,  Kansas  <fc  Texas  Railroad,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Sedalia. 

Camp  Branch,  township,  AVarren  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  901. 

Camp  BroAvn,  a  post-office  and  military  post  of  Sweet- 
water CO.,  Wyoming,  near  Fremont's  Peak,  150  miles  N.  of 
Green  River  Railroad  Station.     Lat.  43°  N. ;  Ion.  109°  W. 

Camp  Call,  a  post-office  of  Cleveland  co.,  N.C. 

Camp  Chase,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Columbus  &  Springfield  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Co- 
lumbus. 

Camp  Clarke,  a  post-office  of  Cheyenne  co.,  Neb. 

Camp  Colorado,  kol-o-rah'do,  a  post- village  of  Colo- 
man  CO.,  Tex.,  on  an  affluent  oJNlhe  Colorado  River,  about 
150  miles  N.N.W.  of  Austin. 

Camp  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  Ga. 

Camp  Creek,  a  station  on  the  St.  Louis,  Hannibal  & 
Keokuk  Railroad,  6  miles  from  Hannibal,  Mo. 

Camp  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Otoe  co.,  Neb. 

Camp  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Burke  co.,  N.C. 

Camp  Creek,  township,  Rutherford  co.,  N.C.   P.  1007. 

Camp  Creek,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  0.     Pop.  743. 

Camp  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Lane  co.,  Oregon. 

Camp  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  Tenn. 

Camp  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Floyd  co.,  Va. 

Camp  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  W.  Va. 
20  miles  from  Hinton.     It  has  a  church. 

Camp'den,  or  Chip'ping-Camp'den,  a  town  of 
England,  co.  and  30  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Gloucester. 
Pop.  2013. 

Camp  Dcn'nison,  a  station  in  Clermont  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Little  Miami  Railroad,  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati, 


CAM 


774 


CAM 


Camp  Doaglas,  dOg'l^,  a  United  States  reservation 
and  military  post,  3  milea  K.  of  Salt  Lake  Citj,  Utah,  at 
the  base  of  the  Wahsateh  Mountains. 

Camp  DouglaSf  a  poet-office  and  station  of  Juneau 
00.,  Wis.,  on  the  West  Wisoun»in  Railroad  whore  it  crosses 
the  Chicago,  Milwmikce  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  13  miles  N. 
of  Elroj,  and  .to  miles  K.  of  Sparta.     Hero  are  2  hotels. 

Campeachy,  or  Campcche,  kam-pee'uhe  (Mes. 
Campeehe,  k&m-pd'oh&),  a  town  of  Mexico,  capital  of  the 
State  of  Campcachy,  un  the  bay  of  the  same  name,  00  miles 
JB.S.W.  of  Meridrt.  Lat.  19°  60'  N. ;  Ion.  90°  33'  W.  It  is 
enclosed  by  bastionod  walls,  and  built  of  stone.  Its  houses 
are  generally  good,  public  buildings  tasteful,  and  markets 
well  supplied.  It  has  6  churches,  as  many  convents,  a 
college,  theatre,  and  ship-building  docks.  The  town  de- 
rives its  importance  from  the  e.xport  of  logwood,  termed 
Campeachy-wood,  and  was.  The  wood  is  cut  especially 
on  tlie  banks  of  the  Rio  Champoton,  S.  of  the  town ;  and 
the  wax  is  procured  from  the  wild  stingless  bees  which  arc 
found  in  the  country.  The  other  products  are  salt,  rice, 
and  sugar;  marble  of  good  quality  is  found.  The  only  im- 
portant manufacture  is  that  of  cigars.  The  harbor  is  capa- 
cious, but  shallow,  and  vessels  drawing  more  than  6  feet  of 
water  must  anchor  3  miles  from  the  shore.  Notwithstand- 
ing this  disadvantage,  vessels  measuring  100  feet  of  keel 
are  built  here.  The  climate  is  healthy  and  agreeable. 
Pop.  18,000. 

Campeachy,  or  Campcche,  a  state  of  Mexico,  in- 
cluding ))iirt  of  the  peninsula  of  Yucatan.  It  is  bounded 
N.W.  by  the  Gulf  of  Campeachy,  N.  by  the  state  of  Yucatan, 
ind  S.  by  Guatemala.  Area,  25,S27  square  miles.  There 
are  many  ruined  Indian  towns  in  this  state,  which  is  at 
present  scantily  peopled.  Chief  products,  logwood  and 
wax.     Capital,  Campeachy.     Pop.  (1882)  90,413. 

Campeachy  Bay.    SeeGuLPOP  Campeaciit. 

Campegine,  k&m-p&'je-n&,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Emilia, 
B  miles  W.  of  Rcggio.     Pop.  3351. 

Cam^pel'lo,  a  post  village  of  Plymouth  eo.,  Mass.,  in 
Brocton  township,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  2IJ^  miles 
S.  of  Boston.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  grammar-school, 
and  extensive  manufactures  of  boots  and  shoes. 

Camperduin,  k&m^p^r-doin',  or  Kamp  (sometimes 
written,  in  English,  Cam^perdowu')  a  village  of  the 
Netherlands,  in  North  Uolland,  27  miles  N.W.  of  Amster- 
dam, on  the  North  Sea,  celebrated  for  Admiral  Duncan's 
victory.  The  name  Camperduin  properly  designates  the 
extensive  downs  or  dunes  near  Kamp. 

Camperiacum,  the  Latin  for  Chamb^rt. 

Camp  das'ton,  a  military  post  of  Humboldt  oo.,  Cal., 
is  on  an  Indian  reservation. 

Camp'gaw,  a  station  in  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  New 
Jersey  Midland  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Paterson. 

Camp  Grant  (Fort  Grant  Post-Office),  a  military  post 
of  Pima  CO.,  Arizona,  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Graham,  110 
miles  N.N.B.  of  Tucson. 

Camp  Grant,  a  post-hamlet  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal., 
about  31  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Eureka. 

Camp  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stark  co.,  III.,  6  miles 
from  Castleton  Railroad  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Camp  Ha'german  (station,  Hageman),  a  post-village 
of  Warren  co.,  0.,  3  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Lebanon. 

Camp  Hal'leck,  a  post-ofiice  and  military  post  of 
Elko  CO.,  Nevada,  12  miles  S.  of  Halleck  Station  of  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad.     Pop.  160. 

Camp  Han 'cock,  a  United  States  military  post  at 
Edwinton,  near  Bismarck,  N.D. 

Camp  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Tallapoosa  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Savannah  &  Memphis  Railroad,  22  miles  N.W.  of  Ope- 
lika.     It  has  2  churches  Md  a  masonic  hall. 

Camp  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co..  Pa.,  in 
East  Pennsborough  township,  3  miles  W.  of  Ilarrisburg, 
and  i  mile  from  the  Cumberland  Valle3'  Railroad  (White- 
ball  Station).  It  has  a  soldiers'  orplian  school,  several 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  axles  and  carriages.  Pop. 
about  500. 

Camp  Haachnca,  w&-choo'kS.,  a  post-hamlet  of  Co- 
chise CO.,  Arizona,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Huochuca  Moun- 
tain, about  16  miles  S.W.  of  Tombstone. 

Camp  Hualapai,  h55-il-i-pi',  or  hwil-i-pi',  a  post- 
ofiBce  of  Yavapai  oo.,  Arizona. 

Campi,  kim'pee,  a  town  of  Italj',  province  and  7  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Lccce.     Pop.  4990. 

Campi,  a  town  and  commune  of  Italy,  7  miles  N.W.  of 
Florence.  It  has  a  fine  old  castle,  and  manufactures  of 
Btraw  goods.     Pop.  11,642. 

Campiglia,  kam-peel'yi,  a  town  of  Italy,  33  miles 
N.W.  of  Grosseto,  with  a  £ne  church  of  marble.    Pop.  5143. 


Campillo  de  Altobuey,  klm-peeryo  d4  M-to-boo-i' 
a  town  of  Spain,  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cuenca.     Pop.  2HO0. 

Campillo  de  Arenas,  k&m-pccl'yo  d^  a-rd'n&s.  t 
town  of  Spain,  18  miles  S.  of  Jaen.     Pop.  1600. 

Campillos,  kim-peel'yocc,  a  town  of  Spain,  33  milea 
N.W.  of  Malaga.     Pop.  6700. 

Campina,  or  Kimpina,  k&m-pee'n&,  a  town  of  Ron. 
mania,  32  milea  N.W.  of  Ploesti.  It  has  important  petro- 
leum-wells, and  near  it  are  salt-works.     Pop.  3065. 

Campina  Grande,  k&m-pee'n&  gr&n'dA,  a  town  of 
Brazil,  80  miles  W.  of  Parahyba.    Pop.,  Avith  district,  5000. 

Campinas,  kJlm-pee'nis,  a  city  of  Brazil,  in  a  sugar- 
growing  district,  60  miles  N.  of  Sao  Paulo.     Pop.  fl-loo. 

Campine,  k&m^pcen'  (Dutch,  Kempen,  kdm'p^n,  or 
Kcmpenland,  kfim'p^n-Unt*),  an  extensive  sandy  tract, 
forming  part  of  the  provinces  of  Antwerp,  Limbourg,  nml 
Brabant,  in  Belgium,  and  continued  into  the  Nctbcrlnnds. 
It  has  of  late  been  largely  reclaimed. 

Camp'ing  Creek,  of  South  Carolina,  flows  into  Saluda 
River  in  Lexington  co. 

Campio  Formio,  klm'pe-o  fon'me-o,  or  Campo 
Formido,  kdm'po  fon-mee'do,  a  market  town  of  Italy, 
in  Friuli,  66  miles  N.E.  of  Venice,  on  the  Canal  of  Roja. 
It  is  famous  for  the  peace  concluded  here  in  1797  between 
Austria  and  France.     Pop.  2086. 

Camp  Knox,  a  post-hamlet  of  Green  co.,  Ky.,  33  milei 
S.W.  of  Lebanon.     It  has  2  churches. 

Camp  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Kenosha  co.,  Wis., 
about  22  miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Kenosha. 

Campli,  kim'plee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  5 
miles  N.  of  Teramo.     Pop.  7771. 

Camplong,  k6M*pl6N»',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  H6rault,  4  miles  N.N.W.  of  B6darieux.     Pop.  1340. 

Camp  Lowell,  lo'?l,  a  United  States  military  post  in 
Pima  CO.,  Arizona,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Tucson. 

Camp  McDer'mitt,  a  post-office  and  United  States 
post  of  llumboldt  co.,  Nevada,  80  miles  N.  of  Winnemucca. 

Camp  McDow'ell,  a  military  post  on  the  Verde 
River,  about  27  miles  E.N.E.  of  Phoenix,  Arizona. 

Camp  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Gwinnett  co.,  Ga. 

Camp  Mojave,  mo-hlv',  a  United  States  military  post 
in  Mohave  co.,  Arizona,  on  Colorado  River,  at  Bcale's  Cross- 
ing.    Lat.  35°  6'  N.;  Ion.  114°  31'  W. 

Camp  Nel'son,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jessamine  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Kentucky  River,  8  miles  S.  of  Nicholasville.  This  ])laco 
was  an  important  United  States  military  depot  1862-65. 

Canipo,  kim'po,  a  village  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  the 
island  of  Elba,  7  miles  S.AV.  of  Porto  Ferrajo.     Pop.  1700. 

Campo,  kim'po,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Calabria,  7  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Reggio.     Pop.  2239. 

Campo,  kim'po,  a  post-village  of  San  Diego  co.,  Cal., 
about  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  San  Diego. 

Campobasso,  klm-po-bis'so,  a  city  of  Italy,  capital 
of  a  province,  55  miles  N.N.E.  of  Naples.  Pop.  14,090.  It 
has  considerable  trade,  and  manufactures  cutlery  and  arms. 

Campobasso,  called  also  Molise,  mo-lce'si,  and 
Sannio,  s4n'ne-o  (anc.  Snvi'uium),  a  province  of  Italy, 
compartimento  of  Abruzzi  and  Molise.  Area,  1778  square 
miles.  It  is  broken  by  ridges  of  the  Apennines.  Pop.  in 
1891,  376,191.    Capital,  Campobasso. 

Cam'po  Bel'lo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Spartanburg  co., 
S.C,  in  Campo  Bello  township,  on  the  Spartanburg  &  Ashe- 
ville  Railroad,  18  miles  N.  of  Spartanburg.  It  has  a  church, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2951. 

Cam'po  Bel'lo,  an  island  8  miles  long,  belonging  to 
New  Brunswick,  in  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  at  the  entrance  of 
Passamaquoddy  Bay.  Between  the  main  ship-channel  and 
the  northern  entrance  into  Head  Harbor  is  a  fixed  light,  60 
feet  above  high-water  mark.  Lat.  44°  57'  40"  N. ;  Ion.  66" 
54'  10"  AV.     Pop.  1073. 

Campo  Bello,  or  Welsh  Pool,  a  port  of  entry  of 
New  Brunswick,  on  Campo  Bello  Island,  opposite  Eastport 
and  Lubcc,  Me.  A  good  trade  is  done  here  in  smoked  fish* 
It  is  a  favorite  resort  of  tourists.     Pop.  600. 

Campobello,  kim-po-bfil'lo,  a  town  of  Sicily,  provino4- 
of  Trapani,  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Mazzara.     Pop.  5575. 

Campobello  di  Licata,  kim-po-bfil'lo  dee  lee-ki'ti, 
a  town  of  Sicily,  province  of  Girgcnti,  15  miles  N.  of  All* 
cata,  with  sulphur-mines.     Pop.  6301. 

Campo  Bianco,  kim'po  be-&n'ko,  a  mountain  in  the 
island  of  Lipari,  formed  of  volcanic  scoriae  and  pumico- 
stone. 

Campo  de  Criptana,  kim'po  dk  kreep-ti'ni,  a  tow* 
of  Spain,  50  miles  N.E.  of  Ciudad  Real.  Pop.  6100.  It  hai 
manufactures  of  coarse  cloths,  and  trade  in  grain  and  fruit. 

Campo  di  San  Pietro,  Austria.    See  Fkldkirch. 

Campodunum,  the  ancient  name  of  Kempten.  ' 


CAM 


775 


CAN 


Campo  Formio  (or  Formido).  See  Campio  Formio. 

C'ampo  Freddo,  kini'po  frfid'do,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  16  miles  N.W.  of  Genoa.     Pop.  3387. 

Campo  Grande,  kim'po  grin'di,  a  village  of  Portu- 
gal, near  and  N.  of  Lisbon,  with  numerous  villas.    P.  1500. 

Campo  Largo,  kim'po  lan'go,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state 
of  Uahia,  on  the  Rio  Grande,  70  miles  from  its  mouth  in 
the  Sao  Francisco.     Pop.  3000. 

Campolieto,  kim-po-le-i'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  8  miles  N.E.  of  Campobasso.     Pop.  2274. 

Campo  Mayor,  kim'po  mi-on'  (i.e.,  "  great  plain"),  a 
fortified  town  of  Portugal,  in  Alcmtejo,  9  miles  N.E.  of 
Elvas.     Pop.  5162. 

Campo  Mayor,  k3,m-po  mi-oR',  a  town  of  Brazil,  state 
of  Piauhy,  145  miles  N.E.  of  Oeiras.     Pop.  5400. 
I      Campo  Mayor  de  Quixeramobim,k3,m'po  mi-on' 
dk  ke-shi-ri-mo-becNo',  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Ceari, 
185  miles  S.S.W.  of  Fortaleza.     Pop.,  with  district,  8000. 

Campo  Reale,  kim'po  rk-&,'lk.  a  town  of  Sicily,  prov- 
ince of  Trapani,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Alcamo.     Pop.  3849. 

Campos,  kdm'pocc,  or  Campos  dos  Goitacazes, 
kim'poce  doce  go-e-td-kS,'fS.<,  formerly  S&o  Salvador 
dos  Campos,  sown»  sil-vd-doii'  dooe  kS.m'poce,  a  city 
of  Brazil,  state  and  155  miles  N.E.  of  llio  Janeiro,  on 
the  Parahiba  do  Sul,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Atlantic.  The 
city  is  situated  in  the  midst  of  fertile  plains,  which  pro- 
duce an  abundance  of  sugar-cane,  yielding  the  best  sugar 
grown  in  Brazil,  Small  steamboats  ascend  the  river  to 
Campos.    Pop.  40,000. 

Campos,  kim'poce,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Majorca,  21 
miles  S.E.  of  Palma.     Pop.  4129. 

Campo  San  Pietro,  kim'po  sin  pe-i'tro,  or  Campo 
Sampiero,  kim'po  s3,m-pe-i'ro,  a  town  of  Italy,  13  miles 
N.  of  Padua.     Pop.  3315. 

Camposanto,  kim-po-sin'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Modena,  on  the  Panaro,  S.W.  of  Finale.    Pop.  3204. 

Campo  Seco,  kim'po  si'ko,  a  post-village  and  town- 
ship of  Calaveras  co.,  Cal.,  about  1  mile  S.  of  the  Mokel- 
umne  River,  and  50  miles  S.E.  of  Sacramento.  Gold  and 
sopper  are  found  here.  The  growth  of  this  village  has  been 
retarded  by  scarcity  of  water.     Pop.  of  the  township,  960. 

Camp  Parole,  pa-rol',  a  station  in  Anne  Arundel  co., 
Md.,  on  the  Annapolis  &  Elk  Ridge  Railroad,  2i  miles  from 
Annapolis. 

Camp  Point,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co.,  111.,  in  Camp 
Point  township,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy 
Railroad  at  its  junction  with  the  Wabash  Railroad,  21  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Quincy.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  the  Maple- 
wood  High  School,  a  newspaper  office,  a  money-order  post- 
oflBce,  2  large  flouring-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  1150. 

Camp  Polk,  pok,  a  post-office  of  Wasco  co.,  Oregon, 
near  the  Cascade  Range,  100  miles  E.  of  Albany. 

Camp  Release,  re-leece',  a  post-township  of  Lac  qui 
Parle  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  256. 

Camp  Ridge,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Williamsburg 
CO.,  S.C.,  on  the  Northeastern  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Kings- 
tree.     Here  is  a  church. 

Camp  Rob'inson,  a  post-office  and  military  camp  of 
Nebraska,  at  Red  Cloud  Indian  Agency,  70  miles  N.E.  of 
Fort  Laramie. 

Camprodon,  k&m-pro-don',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Cata- 
lonia, 32  miles  N.W.  of  Gerona,  on  the  Ter.     Pop.  1239. 

Camp  San  Sa'ba,  a  post-office  of  McCulloch  co.,  Tex. 

Camp  Sher'idan,  a  post-office  of  Nebraska. 

Camp'sie,  a  village  of  Scotland,  on  a  railway,  co.  and 
15  miles  S.W.  of  Stirling. 

Camp'sie-Fells',  Scotland,  a  range  of  hills  N.  of 
the  above  village,  rising  to  a  height  of  1500  feet. 

Camp  Smith,  a  post-office  of  Colbert  co.,  Ala. 

Camp  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ala., 
20  miles  from  Hillsborough.     It  has  a  church. 

Camp  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Prince  George's  co.,  Md. 

Camp  Stambaugh,  stam'baw,  a  post-office  and  mili- 
tary post  of  Sweetwater  co.,  Wyoming,  3  miles  from  Atlan- 
tic City,  and  about  105  miles  from  Bryan  Railroad  Station. 
Lat.  42°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  109°  W, 

Camp  Stock'ton,  a  post-office  and  military  post  of 
Pecos  CO.,  Tex.,  150  miles  from  Presidio  del  Norte.  Here 
are  several  stores.     Lat.  30°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  102°  35'  W. 

Camp  Sup^ply',  a  post-office  and  military  post  of 
Cherokee  Nation,  Indian  Territory,  91  miles  S.  of  Dodge 
City,  Kansas. 

Camp  Thom'as,  a  post-office  and  military  station  of 
Pima  00.,  Arizona,  on  the  Gila. 

Campti,  kamp't^,  a  post- village  of  Natchitoches  parish. 
La.,  on  Red  River,  100  miles  below  Shreveport.  It  has  3 
churches. 


Camp'ton,  a  post-township  of  Kane  co.,  111.,  about  49 
miles  W.  of  Chicago.     Pop.  957. 

Campton,  a  post-office  of  Delaware  co.,  Iowa,  about  20 
miles  N.E.  of  Independence. 

Campton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wolfe  co.,  Ky 
about  65  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lexington.     It  has  3  churches,  a 
grist-mill,  a  distillery,  and  an  academy. 

Campton,  a  post-township  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  6 
miles  N.  of  Plymouth,  is  intersected  by  the  Pemigewasset 
River.  It  contains  a  post-village  named  Campton  Village, 
also  several  summer  boarding-houses.  It  is  a  favorite  resort 
for  artists,  and  presents  picturesque  scenery.     Pop.  1226. 

Campton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C.,  9 
miles  S.W.  of  Spartanburg. 

Campton  Village,  a  beautiful  post-village  of  Grafton 
CO.,  N.H.,  in  Campton  township,  on  the  Pemigewasset  River, 
about  9  miles  N.  of  Plymouth.  It  has  a  church,  a  woollen- 
mill,  and  several  summer  boarding-houses. 

Camp'tonville,  a  post-village  of  Yuba  co.,  Cal.,  45 
miles  N.E.  of  Marysville.  It  has  a  bank,  2  churches,  a 
money-order  post-office,  and  several  stores.  Gold  is  found 
here.     Pop.  about  500. 

Camp'town,  a  post-village  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  on 
AVyalusing  Creek,  5  miles  from  Wyalusing  Station,  and 
about  40  miles  N.W.  of  Scranton.  It  has  a  church,  several 
mills,  an  academy,  3  stores,  and  about  40  houses. 

Campuan  Reritigba,  Br.azil.    See  Cabapuana. 

Campu-Lungu,  Roumania.     See  Kimpolung. 

Campus  Major,  the  ancient  name  of  Camajore. 

Campus  Munitus,  an  ancient  name  of  Chamouni. 

Campus  Stellae.     See  Santiago  de  Compostela. 

Campveer,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Veer. 

Camp  Verde,  v^R'di,  a  post-office  and  military  post  of 
Yavapai  co.,  Arizona,  41  miles  S.E.  of  Prescott.  Lat.  34" 
37' N.;  Ion.  111°  54'  W. 

Camp'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Litchfield  co.,  Conn.,  on 
the  Naugatuck  River,  and  on  the  Naugatuck  Railroad,  14 
miles  N.  of  Waterbury.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Campville,  a  post- village  of  Alachua  co.,  Fla.,  9  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Waldo,  and  12  miles  (direct)  E.  of  Gaines- 
ville. It  has  several  church  organizations,  a  saw-mill,  a 
brick-yard,  and  several  general  stores  and  business  houses. 
Pop.  100. 

Campville,  a  post-village  of  Tioga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  7  miles  E. 
of  Owego.     It  has  a  church. 

Camro'den,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Floyd  township,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Utica.     It  has  2  churches. 

Camroop,  or  Kamrup,  kimVoop',  a  district  of 
Assam,  in  British  India,  traversed  by  the  Brahmapootra. 
Area,  3631  square  miles;  but  the  name  was  formerly  ap- 
plied to  a  much  larger  region,  including  a  part  of  Bengal. 
Camroop  is  a  flat  and  fertile  country.  Capital,  Gowhaity. 
Pop.  561,681. 

Cam^sing^moon',  a  seaport  of  China,  province  of  Can- 
ton, half-way  between  Macao  and  Boca  Tigris,  on  the  island 
of  Keeow,  35  miles  N.  of  Hong-Kong.  Lat.  22°  30'  N. ; 
Ion.  113°  40'  E.     Pop.  about  5000. 

Camtoos,  kim-toce'  or  kam-toos',  or  Gam'toos', 
a  river  of  Southern  Africa,  in  Cape  Colony,  rises  in  the 
Nieuwveld  Mountains,  and  enters  the  sea  20  miles  S.W.  of 
Uitenhage.     Length,  about  200  miles. 

Camurano,  k4-moo-ri'no,  a  village  of  Central  Italy, 
in  the  Marches,  5  miles  S.  of  Ancona. 

Camuscia,  ki-moo'shi,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany, 
province  and  14  miles  S.E.  of  Arezzo. 

Cana,  ki'na  (Arab.  Cana-el-Jelil,  ki'ni-el-jel-eel'),  a 
ruined  town  of  Palestine,  supposed  to  be  the  scene  of  the 
miracle  recorded  in  John,  on  a  declivity,  6  miles  N.  of  Naz- 
areth, and  13  miles  S.E.  of  Acre.  Another  village,  Kefb 
Kenna,  has  also  been  supposed  to  be  the  Cana  of  the  New 
Testament.     It  is  3i  miles  N.E.  of  Nazareth, 

Cana,  a  village  of  Palestine,  pashalic  of  Acre,  5  miles 
S.E.  of  Tyre,  and  probably  the  Kanah  of  Joshua  xix.  28. 

Cana,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Canamina. 

Ca'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butte  co.,  Cal.,  in  the  Sacra- 
mento Valley,  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  Oregon 
division,  53  miles  N.N.W.  of  Marysville.     It  has  a  church. 

Cana,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jennings  co.,  Ind.,  in  Marion 
township,  24  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Madison. 

Cana,  a  post-hamlet  of  Davie  co.,  N.C.,  25  miles  N.  of 
Salisbury.     It  has  a  church. 

Canaan,  ki'nan  or  ki'na-an,  a  name  applied  in  Scrip- 
ture to  the  Promised  Land  of  the  Israelites.   See  Palestine. 

Canaan,  ka'nan,  a  township  of  Litchfield  co.,  Conn.,  on 
the  Housatonic  River  and  Railroad.  It  contains  Falls  Vil- 
lage, Huntsville,  and  South  Canaan.     Pop.  1257. 


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Ganaan*  a  post-Tillage  of  Lttohfleld  co.,  Conn.,  in  North 
CansAn  township,  on  the  Ilousatonio  Uivor,  and  on  tho  Con- 
neotiout  Wottern  Railroad  where  it  oroMcs  the  Huusatonio 
Railroad,  7.i  uiUm  N.  of  llridgeport,  and  65  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Hartford.  It  has  a  B«vin;<8-banlc  and  a  newspaper  office. 
The  townsliip  hus  4  churches,  3  furnaces  for  pig-iron,  a 
quarry  uf  white  marble,  and  6  lime-kilns. 

Canaan,  a  post-rillage  of  Jelferson  co.,  Ind.,  in  Shelby 
townnhip.  12  miles  X.N.E.  of  Madison.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  hi;;h  school,  a  cigar -factory,  and  22  dwellings. 

Cnnaan,  a  towuKiiip  of  Henry  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  928. 

Cnnnnii,  a  post-villago  of  Somerset  oo.,  Mo.,  in  Canaan 
township,  about  40  miles  \Y,  of  Bangor.  It  has  a  ohuroh 
an>l  scvcnil  .^aw-mills.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1472. 

Canaan,  a  post-office  of  Benton  co..  Miss. 

Canaan,  a  post-township,  Gasconade  co..  Mo.     P.  HOT. 

Canaan,  a  post- village  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  in  Canaan 
township,  2  miles  from  Canaan  Station  on  the  Northern 
Railroad.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  and  a  graded  school,  2 
newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  sliiits,  and 
oreralls.     Pop.  500.     See  also  East  Canaan. 

Canaan,  a  post-township  of  Columbia  oo.,  N.Y.,  about 
20  miles  N.E.  of  Hudson,  is  intersected  by  the  Boston  A 
Albany  Railroad.  It  contains  a  post-village  named  Cannan 
Four  Corners,  a  Shaker  community,  and  a  hamlet  named 
Canaan  Centre.     Pop.  1702. 

Canaan,  ColumlJia  CO.,  N.Y.  See  Canaan  Foon  Corners. 

Canaan,  a  township  of  Athens  co.,  0.  Pop.  1543.  See 
Canaanvii.le. 

Canaan,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  0.  Pop.  729.  It 
eontnins  Amity. 

Canaan,  a  township  of  Morrow  co.,  0.     Pop.  1109. 

Canaan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  0.,  in  Canaan 
township,  about  24  miles  W.S.W.  of  Akron.  It  has  an 
academy  and  2  churches.  The  township  contains  a  village 
named  Burbank,  which  is  on  tho  Atlantic  A  Great  Western 
Railroad,  also  11  churches.     Total  pop.  1997. 

Canaan,  a  station  in  Blair  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Ilollidays- 
burg  Branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of 
Uollidaysburg. 

Canaan,  a  township  of  Wayne  co..  Pa.,  about  9  miles 
W.  of  Ilonesdalo.  Pop.  680.  It  contains  the  post-borough 
of  Way  mart. 

Canaan,  a  post-township  of  Essex  co.,  Vt.,  forming  the 
N.E.  extremity  of  the  state.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
the  Connecticut  River.  It  contains  a  hamlet  named  Canaan, 
which  has  2  churches  and  2  lumber-mills.     Pop.  419. 

Canaan  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Canaan  township,  near  the  Boston  A  Albany  Railroad,  33 
miles  S.E.  of  Albany.     It  has  a  church. 

Canaan  Four  Corners,  a  post-village  of  Columbia 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Canaan  township,  on  the  Boston  A  Albany 
Railroad,  34  miles  S.E.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  church  and  2 
carriage-factories.  The  station  at  this  place  is  called  Canaan. 
Pop.  about  400. 

Canaan  VaHey,  a  post-hamlet  of  Litchfield  co..  Conn., 
in  North  Canaan  township,  2i  miles  from  East  Canaan  Rail- 
road Station.     It  has  2  stores  and  a  mill. 

CanaanviHe,  ka'nan-vil,  a  post-hamlct  of  Athens  co., 
0.,  on  the  Marietta  A  Cincinnati  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of 
Athens.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Canada  (kan'a-da),  Dominion  of,  a  federal  union  of 
provinces  and  territories,  comprising  all  the  British  posses- 
sions in  North  America,  except  Newfoundland,  tho  West 
India  Colonies,  and  Balize.  It  is  bounded  E.  by  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  Davis's  Strait,  and  Baffin's  Bay;  W.  by  Alaska  and 
the  Pacific  Ocean  ;  N.  by  the  Arctic  Ocean  ;  and  S.,  S.E.,  and 
S.W.  by  the  United  States.     Its  divisions  are  as  follows : 


Divisions. 


British  Columbia. , 

Manitoba , 

New  Brunswicli , 

Kova  Scotiii „ 

Ontario „ 

Prince  EdwHrd  Island_ 

Quebec ...., , 

Territories  and  Districts,  including  Al- 
berta, A88inibi.il,  Athiibaska,  Kee- 
watiii,  Saskatcliewaii,  tlie  Nortiiwest 
Territories  and  olliers,  tlie  Islands,  <&c. 

Total 


Area 
in  sq.  m. 


38:J,3(X) 
73,956 
28,200 
20,600 

222,(K)0 
2,0CO 

228,900 

2,497,44i7 


3,456,383 


Pop.  in 
1891. 


97,612 
152,605 
321,270 
450,492 

2,114,475 
109,080 

1,489,062 

98,967 


4,833,463 


Face  of  the  Coiintri/. — The  Appalachian  chain  is  con- 
tinued northeastward  along  the  Atlantic  coast,  under  vari- 
ous names,  the  Notre  Dame  Mountains  of  Southeastern 


Quebeo  being  a  direct  extension  of  the  Green  and  White' 
Mountain  lysteins  of  New  England.     The  Cobequi<l  "  ir 
in  Nova  Scotia  is  an  outlying  parallel  range  to  ' 
North  of  the  St.  Lawrence  occur  the  mountivins  cull. 
rentidos,  extending  irregularly  from  the  W.  extrciiiii^ 
Lake  Superior  to  tho  coast  of  Labrador,  and  indefinil' 
northward,  probably  reaching  tlie  Arctic  at  sevenil  poiir 
These  mountains  and  hills  have  a  forbidding  climate  ani 
scanty  toil,  but  some  parts  produce  good  timber.    S.  of  t 
St.  Lawrence  they  are   represented   by  tho   Adiroiidiicl 
They  are  of  extremely  ancient  geologic  ages,  being  of  La 
rentian  and  lluronian  formation.     The  immediate  valK^ 
of  the  St.  Lawrence  and  tho  lakes,  westward  to  (leorgiHo  i 
Bay,  is  generally  of  highly  fertile  character.    To  tho  \V,  | 
of  Hudson's  Bay  extensive  "barren  grounds"  occur,  while  ' 
the  East  Main  or  Labrador  peninsula  is  reported  to  have  a  I 
climate  more  severe  than   that  of  Greenland,  and  a  soil  ] 
scarcely  arable  at  any  point.     Tho  province  of  Manitoba,  ! 
with  most  of  the  North-West  Territories,  lies  within  that  I 
great  plain  which  is  the  northward  extension  of  tlie  Mis-  ! 
sissippi  valley.     Though  generally  exposed  to  the  fury  of  I 
Arctic  winds,  this  region  has  a  climate  much  milder  than 
might  be  expected.     The  elevation  is  much  less  than  that 
of  the  Upper  Mississippi  Valley,  and  the  s(<ils  arc  calcareous, 
deep,  and  friable.     Wheat  produces  abundantly  as  far  N. 
as  lat.  60°,  the  climate  to  the  northwestward  appearing  to 
undergo  a  remarkable  amelioration.    Tho  Rocky  Mountain 
region  is  almost  entirely  within  tho  limits  of  British  Colum- 
bia,— a  province  whose  climate,  on  the  seaboard  and  in  the 
valleys,  is  singularly  mild.    The  great  rivers  of  Canada  aro 
the  St.  Lawrence,  flowing  to  the  Atlantic;  the  Saskatchewan, 
to  Hudson's  Bay;  tho  Mackenzie,  to  the  Arctic;  and  the 
Fraser  River,  to  the  Pacific.    The  rivers  Yukon  and  Colum- 
bia also  rise  in  Canadian  territory.    The  mineral  wealth  of 
Canada  is  great.     Gold  has  been  largely  mined  in  British 
Columbia,  and  to  some  extent  in   Nova  Scotia  and  else- 
where in  Canada.    Nova  Scotia  affords  excellent  bituminous 
coal.     The  Vancouver's   Island   coal  is  a  lignite   of  good 
quality,  and  Queen  Charlotte's  Island  has  remarkable  beds  of 
tertiary  anthracite.     The  coal-bearing  strata  of  Wyoming 
and   Colorado   are    believed   to   be   continuous   northward 
through  Canada.     Northwestern  Ontario   has   rich   silver- 
bearing  copper  ores.     Other  Canadian   minerals  of  value 
are  gypsum,  rock  salt,  marls,  albertite,  iron  ores  (in  great 
abundance),  phosphatic  rock,  marble,  peat,  and  oil-shales. 
Petroleum  is  obtained  at  several  points  chiefly  in  south- 
western Ontario.     (Further  notices   of  minerals,   climate, 
geology,  and  topography  aro  given  under  tho  names  of  the 
different  provinces.) 

Productions. — The  vast  extent  of  Canada,  and  the  great 
variety  of  its  soils  and  climate,  cause  much  diversity  in  its 
natural  productions.  The  southeastern  provinces,  with 
Quebec  and  Ontario,  are  by  far  the  best  developed  and  most 
thickly  settled.  They  are  Still  for  tho  most  part  densely 
timbered ;  and  lumber,  with  other  forest  products,  is  one  of 
the  leading  articles  of  export.  The  Pacific  slope  is  also  a 
forest  region;  but  its  trees  are  almost  entirely  of  species  un- 
known on  the  Atlantic  slope.  The  cultivated  plants  include 
all  or  nearly  all  those  grown  in  tho  Northern  United  Stiites. 
Some  regions,  like  Prince  Edward  Island,  are  of  very  marked 
fertility.  Although  the  winter  is  longer  than  in  the  United 
States,  and  spring  and  autumn  shorter,  the  summer,  or 
growing  season  of  jjlants,  is  in  all  the  settled  portions  long 
enougli  for  the  development  of  most  cereals,  including  even 
maize.  Among  the  native  animals  are  the  black,  white,  and 
grizzly  bears,  deer  of  several  species  (including  the  rein- 
deer, moose,  wapiti,  and  others),  the  bufialo,  musk-ox,  and 
antelope.  The  fur-trade  has  in  the  far  north  one  of  its 
principal  seats.  Among  fur-bearing  animals  are  the  beaver, 
muskrat,  sable,  fisher,  mink,  ermine,  otter,  seal,  and  others. 
The  sea-otter  and  fur-seal  are  taken,  though  sparingly,  on 
the  Pacific  coast.  Hudson's  Bay  and  the  Arctic  abound  in 
whales.  The  white  whale  occurs  in  the  St.  Lawrence  iind 
its  estuary.  The  ornithology  of  the  Dominion  is  very  rich. 
Its  fisheries  are  of  the  first  importance,  and  the  catch  in- 
cludes cod,  mackerel,  herring,  salmon,  ling,  trout,  halibut, 
and  other  valuable  species.  The  manufacturhtg  industry  of 
Canada  is  principally  confined  to  the  provinces  long  since 
settled.  The  sawing  of  lumber,  and  the  manufacture  of 
potash,  flour,  leather,  oils,  fertilizers,  paper,  machinery,  and 
woollen  and  cotton  goods,  are  important  interests  ;  and  since 
the  organization  of  the  Dominion  government  other  manii- 
factures  have  been  extensively  developed.  Ship-building  is 
largely  carried  on  in  Nova  Scotia  and  New  BrunswicK. 
Water-powor  is  almost  everywhere  abundant. 

Public  Works. — Canada  has  an  admirable  system  of  canals, 
navigable  by  vessels  of   large  tonnage,  and  mostly  con* 


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m 


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tnicted  at  public  expense.  By  means  of  these,  sea-going 
essels  can  go  up  the  St.  Lawrence  to  the  cities  on  the  great 
ikes  :  and  the  construction  of  a  few  more  short  and  com- 
;.arBtively  inexpensive  links  will  connect  this  great  chain 
if  navigable  waters  with  Lake  Winnipeg  and  the  North- 
rest.  The  railway  system  of  Canada  is  extensive,  em- 
iracing  (1890)  over  14,000  miles  of  track.  The  main  lin? 
f  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway,  extending  from  Montreal 
0  Vancouver,  is  2906  miles  in  length.  Postal  communi- 
ation  is  maintained  in  all  the  inhabited  parts  of  the  Do- 
ainion,  and  there  is  a  system  of  postal  savings-banks, 
the  commerce  is  extensive.  In  the  tonnage  of  her  ship- 
)ing  she  excels  all  other  countries  except  Great  Britain, 
•"ranee,  and  the  United  States.  The  largest  export  trade 
8  to  Great  Britain,  and  the  chief  import  trade  is  from  the 
'Jnited  States. 

,    Government. — The  sovereign   of   the    British   empire   is 
••epresented  in  Canada  by  a  governor-general,  and  the  Do- 
minion is  represented  in  London  by  an  agent-general.    The 
■jiivernor-generiil  is  assisted  by  a  privy  council,  or  ministry 
;)f  thirteen,  with  the  following  titles  :  1,  prime  minister  and 
ninister  of  public  works ;  2,  president  of  the  council ;  3, 
minister  of  justice;  4,  minister  of  militia  and  defence;  5, 
'ninister  of  customs;  6,  minister  of  finance;  7,  minister  of 
inland  revenue ;  8,  minister  of  the  interior ;  9,  minister  of 
Imarine  and  fisheries ;  10,  postmaster-general ;  11,  secretary 
jf  state;  12,  minister  of  agriculture;  13,  receiver-general, 
irhe  chief  magistrates  of  the  provinces  are  called  lieutenant- 
governors,   and   are   appointed    by   the   governor-general. 
'Each  province  has  its  own  ministry  and  legislature.     The 
Canadian  parliament  consists  of  a  senate  (whose  members 
iiire  named  by  the  governor-general,  and  who  hold  ofiice  for 
flife),  and  of  a  house  of  commons,  whose  members  are  elected 
iby  the  people  for  terms  of  five  years, — each  province  being 
[proportionately  represented  in  either  house.     There  is  no 
(state  church.     The  relative  numerical  strength  of  denomi- 
, nations  in  1881  was  as  follows:  Roman  Catholic,  Presby- 
itcrian,  Anglican,  Methodist,  Baptist,  Lutheran,  Congrega- 
(tional,  <tc.     Each  province  has  its  own  school  laws  and  its 
own  system  of  jurisprudence, — English  common  law  pre- 
i  vailing,  except  in  Quebec  and  Manitoba,  where  a  code  based 
[principally  on  the  civil  or  Franco-Roman  law  is  in  force; 
ibut  there  are  Dominion  courts  of  appeal.     The  salary  of 
jthe  governor-general  is  $50,000  per  annum.     The  public 
(debt  in  1890  amounted  to  $286,112,295,  chiefly  incurred 
,for  public  works.     The  revenue  is  derived  from  customs, 
excise,  public   railways,  canals,   postal-   and    bill-stamps, 
!  .fee.    The  decimal  money  system  prevails  in  the  Dominion, 
j  the  dollar  of  Canada  being  of  nearly  the  same  value  as  that 
1  of  the  United  States.     The  history  of  Canada  is  that  of  its 
constituent  provinces  up  to  1867,  when  the  present  federal 
j  union  was  effected.     Manitoba  and  the  North- West  Terri- 
1  tories  wore  admitted  in  1870,  the  Dominion  government 
1  having  purchased   from   the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  its 
former  governmental  rights  over  those  regions.     In  1871 
j  British  Columbia  entered  the  confederacy,  and  Prince  Ed- 
;  ward  Island  followed  in  1873.     From  part  of  the  North- 
l  West  Territories  have  since  been  formed  the  districts  Kee- 
'  watin.  Alberta,  Assiniboia,  Athabaska,  and  Saskatchewan. 
,  The  chief  towns  and  cities  are  Montreal,  Quebec,  Toronto, 
i  Halifax,  St.  John,  Hamilton,  Ottawa  (the  capital),  London, 
j  ind  Kingston.     Pop.  of  the  Dominion  in  1871,  3,686,639; 
;  in  1881,  4,324,810;  in  1891,  4,829,411. 
Canada,  a  post-ofiice  of  Pike  co.,  Ky. 
Cauada,  a  village  of  New  Mexico.     See  La  CaSada. 
Canada,  a  hamlet  of  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  in   Bethany 
township,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Batavia.     It  has  a  church. 
!      Canada   Creek,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  Nova 
i  Scotia,  on  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  9  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Water- 
ville.    There  is  a  light-house  on  Black  Rock,  at  the  entrance 
t  to  this  harbor.     Pop.  180. 

1      Canada  Lake,  of  Fulton  co.,  N.Y.,  is  in  Caroga  town- 
!  «hip,  about  12  miles  N.W.  of  Gloversville.     It  is  3  miles 
long.     Hero  is  a  large  hotel  amidst  beautiful  scenery. 
Canada  Road,  a  post-ofiice  of  Somerset  co..  Me. 
Canada  Southern  Junction,  in  Lucas  co.,  0.,  is 
the  junction  of  the  Wabash  and  Canada  Southern  Railroads, 
3  miles  from  Toledo. 

Can'adaville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  Tenn.,  9 
miles  N.  of  Collierville.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 

Canad'away  Creek,  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  flows 
into  Lake  Erie. 

Canaden'sis,  a  post-viUage  of  Monroe   co.,  Pa.,  on 

Brodhead's  Creek,  about  32  miles  S.E.  of  Scranton.     It  is 

3  miles  from  Oakland  Railroad  Station.     It  has  2  churches, 

K  hotel,  a  tannery,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Canaderaga  (kan-^-d^-raw'ga)  Lake,  New  York,  in 

50 


the  N.  part  of  Otsego  co.,  is  between  3  and  4  miles  long,  and 
li  miles  wide.     Its  outlet  joins  that  of  Otsego  Lake. 

Canadian  (ka-ni'de-an)  (or  North)  Channel,  one 
of  the  two  passages  (N.  and  S.)  into  which  the  estuary  of 
the  St.  Lawrence  is  divided  by  the  island  of  Anticosti.  It 
is  about  30  miles  in  breadth,  and  contains  numerous  islands, 
the  principal  of  which  are  the  Mingan  Islands. 

Cana'dian  River  rises  in  the  N.E.  part  of  New  Mex- 
ico, runs  eastward  through  the  northwestern  part  of  Texas, 
and  passes  into  the  Indian  Territory.  Its  general  direction 
is  eastward.  It  enters  the  Arkansas  River  about  45  miles 
above  Fort  Smith,  Ark.,  and  30  miles  S.  of  Tahlequah.  Its 
length  is  estimated  at  900  miles.  It  is  rather  shallow,  and 
not  important  for  navigation.  Its  largest  affluent  is  the 
Rio  Nutria,  or  North  Fork  of  the  Canadian,  which,  after  a 
course  of  about  600  miles,  enters  the  Canadian  nearly  35 
miles  from  its  mouth.  The  course  of  this  North  Fork  is 
nearly  parallel  with  that  of  the  main  river,  and  is  all  in  the 
Indian  Territory. 

Canadice,  kan^a-dls',  a  post-township  of  Ontario  co., 
N.Y.,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Iloneoye  Lake,  and  on  the 
W.  by  Hemlock  Lake.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  832.  Cana- 
dice Post-Office  is  about  30  miles  S.  of  Rochester. 

Canadice  Lake,  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y., 
is  nearly  3  miles  long.  li  lies  in  a  deep  gorge  2  or  3  milea 
E.  of  Hemlock  Lake. 

Cana-el-Jelil,  the  Arabic  for  Cana. 

Caniyoharie,  kan-a-jo-h.\r'ree,  a  post-village  of  Mont- 
gomery CO.,  N.Y.,  is  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Mohawk  River, 
on  the  Erie  Canal,  in  Canajoharie  township.  It  is  55  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Albany  by  the  New  York  Central  Railroad, 
which  passes  along  the  other  bank  of  the  river.  It  con- 
tains 6  churches,  an  academy,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank, 
and  a  newspaper  office.  A  bridge  across  the  Mohawk  con- 
nects this  place  with  the  village  of  Palatine  Bridge.  Pop. 
1822  ;  of  the  township,  4248. 

Canal,  ka-nal',  a  post-office  of  Warrick  co.,  Ind.,  is  at 
the  village  of  Millersburg. 

Canal,  a  station  in  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Columbia  & 
Port  Deposit  and  Philadelphia  &  Baltimore  Central  Rail- 
roads, 2  miles  N.W.  of  Port  Deposit. 

Canal,  a  post-township  of  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  about  9 
miles  N.W.  of  Franklin,  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  French 
Creek.     It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  980. 

Canala,  or  Kanala,  ki'ni'li',  lately  called  Napo- 
16onville,  nS.'po'li'6No"veel',  a  town  of  the  French  colony 
of  New  Caledonia,  on  a  fine  bay  on  the  N.E.  side  of  the 
island,  about  50  miles  N.W.  of  Noumea.     It  has  a  prison. 

Canal  Do'ver,  a  post-village  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0., 
in  Dover  township,  on  the  Tuscarawas  River,  at  the  mouth 
of  Sugar  Creek,  on  the  Ohio  Canal,  and  on  the  Cleveland, 
Tuscarawas  Valley  &  Wheeling  Railroad,  22  miles  S.  of 
Massillon,  and  100  miles  N.  of  Marietta.  It  is  the  north 
terminus  of  the  Marietta,  Pittsburg  <fc  Cleveland  Railroad, 
and  a  branch  of  the  Cleveland  <fc  Pittsburg  Railroad  extends 
to  this  place.  It  has  6  churches,  an  iron-furnace,  2  banks, 
a  rolling-mill,  2  flouring-mills,  a  boiler-factory,  a  tannery, 
and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  in  1880,  2208;  in  1890,  .3470. 
The  name  of  its  station  is  Dover. 

Canale,  ki-ni'lA,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  24 
miles  S.E.  of  Turin.     It  has  saline  springs.     Pop.  3091. 

Canales,  k4-n3,'15s,  a  town  of  Spain,  36  miles  S.  by  W. 
of  Valencia,  at  the  confluence  of  the  rivers  Canolas  and 
Santos.     Pop.  2604.  ^ 

Canal  Fulton,  fool'ton,  a  post-village  of  Stark  co.,  0., 
in  Lawrence  township,  on  the  Tuscarawas  River,  and  on  the 
Ohio  Canal,  the  Cleveland,  Tuscarawas  Valley  &  Wheeling 
Railroad,  and  the  Massillon  &  Clinton  Railroad,  9  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Massillon,  and  about  14  miles  S.  of  Akron.  A 
large  quantity  of  wheat  is  shipped  here.  It  has  8  churches, 
a  union  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of 
farm-implements,  sash,  &e.     Pop.  1048.  i 

Canal  Lew'isville,  a  post-village  of  Coshocton  co.,' 
0.,  in  Tuscarawas  township,  on  the  Ohio  Canalj  2i  miles 
from  Coshocton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Canal  Win'chester,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  0., 
at  the  village  of  Winchester.    See  Winchester. 

Canamina,  k3.-n4-mee'n&,  or  Ca'na,  a  town  of 
Africa,  iu  Dahomey,  about  12  miles  S.  of  Abomey.  Pop. 
10,000.  It  is  the  residence  of  the  great  Fetish,  the  holy 
city  of  the  Dahomans.  The  king  has  two  spacious  man- 
sions here,  where  he  assists  in  annual  human  sacrifices. 

Canandaigua,  kan-an-di'gwa,  a  post-village  of  Len- 
awee CO.,  Mich.,  in  Medina  township,  on  Tiffin  River,  4i 
miles  S.  of  Clayton  Railroad  Station,  and  about  15  miles 
S.W.  of  Adrian.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  1  or  2 
steam  saw-mills,  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  abc  ut  250 


CAN  778 

•<i  — 

diaandai^a,  a  boautifut  po«t-village,  oupital  of  On- 
tario 00.,  N.Y.,  18  situatvd  in  a  township  uf  iU  own  name, 
at  the  northern  end  and  outlet  of  Cnnandalgua  Lake,  and 
on  the  Auburn  Branch  of  the  New  York  Centnil  HtiilroHd, 
which  connects  licre  with  the  Northern  Central  Ilailrood,  28 
miles  S.K.  of  Uoc-hcxtor,  222  miles  W.  by  N.  from  Albany, 
and  09  miles  N.N.W.  of  KImira.  It  is  also  the  ea.st  terminus 
of  the  Batavia  Branch  of  the  New  York  Central  Uailroad. 
The  site  is  elevated,  and  commands  a  beautiful  view  of  the 
lake,  which  is  navigated  by  steamboats.  Here  are  many 
handsome  residences,  with  gardens  and  ornamental  ground*, 
Canandnigua  contains  a  fine  court-house,  6  churches,  the 
Canandnigua  Academy,  a  female  seminary,  a  union  school, 
a  national  bank,  several  other  banks,  a  hospital  for  the  in- 
sane, the  Ontario  Orphan  Asylum,  a  Catholic  orphanage,  a 
brewery,  a  spoke-factory,  a  tin-factory,  Ao.  Three  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  5868. 

Canandaigua  Lake*  New  Y'ork,  is  mostly  in  On- 
tario CO.,  and  forms  part  of  the  western  boundary  of  Yates 
DO.  It  is  about  15  miles  long,  extending  in  a  nearly  N. 
and  S.  direction.  The  greatest  breadth  is  about  2  miles. 
The  shores  of  this  lake  present  beautiful  scenery.  It  occu- 
pies a  valley  of  erosion  excavated  in  rocks  of  the  Hamilton 
and  Portage  groups.  The  surface  of  the  water  is  668  feet 
above  the  level  of  thn  sea.  From  its  north  end  issues  the 
Canandnigua  Outlet,  which  runs  northeastward  to  Lyons, 
in  Wayne  oo.,  where  it  unites  with  Mud  Creek  to  form 
the  Clyde  River.     Good  iish  are  found  in  the  lake. 

Cananea,  k&-n&-n&'jl,  a  maritime  town  of  Brazil,  state 
of  Siio  Paulo,  on  a  small  island  in  a  bay  of  its  own  name. 
Lat.  25°  S.     Pop.  2000,  suburbs  included. 

Cananore,  kin-a-nor'  (ano.  Canura),  a,  seaport  town 
on  the  Malabar  coast  of  India,  at  the  head  of  a  small  bay, 
63  miles  N.N.W.  of  Calicut.  It  has,  with  its  suburbs,  about 
11,000  houses,  and  is  the  capital  of  a  territory  comprising 
most  of  the  Laccadive  Islands  and  now  under  British  au- 
thority. It  has  an  active  trade :  imports,  horses,  piece 
goods,  almonds,  sugar,  opium,  silk,  benzoin,  and  camphor; 
exports,  pepper,  cardamoms,  sandal-wood,  ooir,  and  shark- 
fins.     Pop.  31,070. 

Canara,  or  Kanara,  districts  of  India.  See  North 
Canara  and  South  Cavara. 

Ca^nard',  or  Lower  Canard,  a  post-village  in  Kings 
CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Canard  Iliver,  4  miles 
from  Port  Williams  Station.     Pop.  300. 

Canaries,  ka-n^'rdz,  or  Canary  Islands  (Sp.  Ca- 
nnrias,  k&.-n&' re-is;  Fr.  lies  Canaries,  eel  ki'niVee';  Ger. 
Kanarische  Inseln,  k&-n&'rish-^h  in'sfiln ;  anc.  Fortiina'tte 
la'stda,  i.e.,  "Happy  Islands"),  an  archipelago  in  the  North 
Atlantic  Ocean,  about  60  miles  from  the  W.  coast  of  Africa, 
between  lat.  27°  40'  and  29°  25'  N.  and  Ion.  13°  25'  and  18° 
16'  W.  They  consist  of  7  principal  islands  and  many  islets, 
arranged  in  the  following  order  from  E.  to  AV :  Lanzarote 
and  Fuertevcntura,  with  the  islets  of  Graciosa,  Santa  Clara, 
Allegranza,  and  Lobos;  Gran  Canaria,  Teneriffe,  Goinera, 
Palma,  and  Ferro.  Area  of  the  whole,  2980  English  square 
miles.  The  coasts  of  these  islands  are  rocky  and  abrupt, 
and  they  are  covered  with  mountains,  some  of  which  attain 
a  great  elevation,  the  Pico  de  Teyde  in  Teneriffe  being 
'12,182  feet.  Their  geological  formation  is  most  singular 
and  interesting:  it  consists  of  a  continuous  series  of  vol- 
canic mountains,  which  rise  in  a  circular  form  from  the 
coast  around  a  principal  crater,  which  serves  as  an  axis. 
The  surface  presents  a  succession  of  mountains  and  plains, 
extinct  craters  and  fertile  valleys.  There  are  no  rivers, 
but  numerous  torrents.  The  tropical  heat  is  moderated  by 
the  sea-breezes,  and  the  climate  is  equable.  Winter  is  almost 
unknown.  In  October,  the  warmest  month,  the  tempera- 
ture varies  from  78°  to  87°  Fahrenheit;  and  in  January, 
the  coldest,  it  is  from  60°  to  66°  Fahrenheit,  near  the  sea, 
decreasing  with  the  elevation.  The  rainy  season  com- 
mences in  November  and  continues  till  February ;  during 
the  dry  season,  from  April  to  October,  the  weather  is  uni- 
formly fine,  and  the  trade-winds  blow  steadily.  E.  and  S.E. 
winds  are  the  scourge  of  these  islands :  blowing  over  the 
bnming  plains  of  Africa,  they  carry  a  hot  and  extremely 
dry  air,  which  destroys  vegetation  and  induces  disease.  In 
1704  the  Canaries  suffered  severely  from  this  cause.  Fresh 
water  is  scarce,  especially  in  the  S.  parts  of  the  islands. 
The  vegetation  of  these  islands  is  not  less  interesting  than 
their  geological  formation.  The  productions  are  cochi- 
neal, oil,  grain,  archil,  barilla,  silk,  wine,  raisins,  potatoes, 
sugar-cane,  and  fruits,  and  the  surrounding  seas  abound 
in  fish.  The  principal  foreign  trade  is  carried  on  with  the 
United  States,  England,  and  Hamburg,  and  there  is  much 
commerce  between  the  different  islands.  Wine  was  for- 
oierlj  one  of  the  chief  products,  but,  a  fatal  disease  having 


CAN 


attacked  the  vines,  comparatively  few  grapes  are  now  raised. 
The  goat  is  among  the  most  valuable  animals;  all  thedomettig 
animals  of  Europe  are  naturalized.  The  camel  and  the  act 
are  used  as  beasts  of  burden.  Among  birds  are  the  vulture 
bustard,  pheasant,  wood-pigeon,  red  partridge,  and  thistle- 
finch  or  canary-bird.  The  inhabitants  are  uf  European 
origin,  mostly  Spanish  ;  but  many  of  the  people  claim  partial 
descent  from  the  Guanches,  the  old  native  race.  I'op.  in 
1884,  304,320.  Since  1493  these  islands  have  belonged  to 
Spain.  The  capital  of  the  whole  archipelago  is  Santa  Crui 
de  Teneriffe. Inhab.  Canahian,  ka-n4're-an. 

Canar'sie,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Kinn 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Flatlands  township,  on  Jamaica  Bay,  3i  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  East  New  York,  and  about  7  miles  S.E.  of 
Brooklyn.  It  has  2  churches  and  several  hotels.  Boats 
are  built  here. 

Canas,  k&'n&8\  a  province  of  Peru,  in  the  department 
of  Cuzco. 

Canaseraga,  kan-a-sa-raw'g^,  a  post-village  of  Al- 
leghany CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Burns  township,  on  Canaseniga  Creek, 
and  on  the  Erie  Uailroad,  70  miles  W.N.W.  of  KImira.  It 
has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  2  hotels,  a  ))laning-mill, 
a  saw-mill,  a  manufactory  of  bee-hives,  Ac.     Pop.  about  900. 

Canaseraga,  a  village  of  Sullivan  township,  Madison 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  Central  Kailroad,  1  mile  E.  of 
Chittenango.  It  has  a  grist-mill,  a  store,  a  hotel,  a  church, 
and  25  dwellings.     Pop.  150. 

Canaseraga  Creek,  New  York,  drains  parts  of  Alle- 
ghany and  Steuben  cos.,  runs  nearly  northward,  and  enters 
the  Genesee  in  Livingston  co.,  about  4  miles  S.W.  of  Genesee. 

Canasto'ta,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Lenox  township,  on  the  Erie  Canal  and  New  York  Central 
Railroad,  32  miles  W.  of  Utica,  and  21  miles  E.  of  Syracuse. 
It  is  the  N.  terminus  of  the  Cazcnovia  and  Canastota  Uail- 
road. It  contains  4  churches,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank, 
a  graded  school,  manufactures  of  optical  and  astronomicjil 
instruments  and  pocket  cutlery,  and  2  carriage-shops.  A 
weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Canastota  Creek,  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  runs  northwest- 
ward, and  enters  Oneida  Lake. 

Canastra,  k&-nis'tr&,  a  mountain-range  of  Brazil, 
state  of  Minas-Geraes,  stretching  S.E.  from  the  S.  ter- 
mination of  the  Serra  Matto  Gordo,  which  forms  part  of 
the  boundary  between  Goyaz  and  Minas-Gcraes. 

Canntix,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Felaniche. 

Caflavaral  de  Alconeta,  k&n-yil-v&-r&l'  Ah  il-ko- 
n&.'t&,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  23  miles  N.  by 
E.  of  Caceres.     Pop.  2207. 

Cana  Verde,  ki'ni  vSn'dJ,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Minas-Geraes,  12  miles  from  Tamandua.     Pop.  3000. 

Canavezes,  ki-n4-v4'zfis,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province 
of  Minho,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Penaficl.     Pop.  1500. 

Canawan'gus,  more  correctly  Cannwau'gus,  a 
post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y'.,  on  the  Genesee  Vnlley 
Canal,  18  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Rochester,  and  li  miles  from 
Avon  Station.     It  has  2  large  warehouses  for  grain. 

Can'boroiigh,  a  post-village  in  Haldimand  co.,  On- 
tario, 35  miles  S.E.  of  Hamilton.     It  has  3  stores.     Pop.  200. 

Can'by,  a  post-oflice  of  Jlodoc  co.,  Cal. 

Canby,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adair  co.,  Iowa,  6  miles  S.  of 
Casey  Railroad  Station. 

Canby,  a  post-office  of  Owen  co.,  Ky. 

Canby,  a  post-village  of  Yellow  Medicine  CO.,  Minn.,  11 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  the  South  Dakota  line.  It  has  4  churches, 
2  banks,  a  graded  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.  The  manu- 
facture of  flour  and  flax-raising  are  carried  on.     Pop.  470. 

Canby,  a  post-village  of  Clackamas  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Willamette  River,  10  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Oregon  City. 
It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  ploughs,  wagons,  <tc. 

Canby,  a  post-office  of  Columbia  co..  Pa.,  6  miles  from 
Bloomsburg. 

Cancale,  k6N»^kir,  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
lUe-et-Vilaine,  on  a  bay  of  the  same  name,  8  miles  E.N.E. 
of  St.  Malo.  Good  anchorage  is  found  between  it  and  some 
rocks  off  the  shore,  from  which  oysters  are  fished.    Pop.  3814. 

Cancao,  kin'kow',  Kang-Kao,  king'-k6w',  or  Ha- 
Tian,  hi'-tee-in',  called  also  Potai-mat  and  Pon- 
thiamus,  a  seaport  town  of  French  Cochin  China,  on  a 
river,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Gulf  of  Siam.  Lat.  10°  15'  N. ; 
Ion.  105°  E.  It  has  an  active  commerce  in  timber  and  iron. 

Cancellara,  kin-ch^l-li'rA,,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  8  miles  N.E.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  3107. 

Canchipura,  the  ancient  name  of  Co.v.ikveram. 

Cancoupa,  kin-koo'pa,  a  town  of  India,  Mysore  do- 
minions, 24  miles  N.N.W.  of  Chitteldroog. 

Cancan,  k4n-koon',  an  island  of  Y'ucatan,  near  ths 
mouth  of  the  BuUina,  is  about  8  miles  long  by  li  broad. 


CAN 


779 


CA^ 


Candahar,  or  Kandahar,  kinMi-haR',  called  by  the 
Afghans  Ahmed-Shahee  (Ahmed  Shahi),  ah'inSd'- 
Bhi'hce\  a  fortified  city  and  the  capital  of  Central  Afghan- 
istan, in  a  fertile  plain,  3484  feet  above  the  sea,  200  miles 
S.W.  of  Cabool.  Lat.  32°  37'  N. ;  Ion.  66°  20'  E.  Pop. 
variously  stated  at  from  25,000  to  100,000,  mostly  Afghans, 
but  including  many  Persians,  Oozbeks,  Beloochees,  Jews, 
and  Hindoos.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  33  miles  in  circum- 
ference, and  by  a  ditch ;  and  it  has  a  citadel  on  its  N.  side. 
Two  principal  streets,  about  50  yards  broad,  and  lined  with 
shops,  traverse  the  interior  in  opposite  directions,  intersect- 
ing at  its  centre.  Houses  mostly  of  wood,  with  domed  or  flat 
roofs;  thoroughfares  filthy,  though  the  place  is  well  sup- 
plied with  water  from  canals  and  wells.  Various  manufac- 
tures are  carried  on  in  Candahar,  and  its  transit  trade  is 
considerable.  Its  vicinity  is  well  watered  by  canals,  and 
rffoduces  the  finest  fruits,  with  corn,  tobacco,  madder,  <fec. 
Candahar  is  supposed  to  have  been  originally  founded  by 
Alexander  the  Great.  It  was  taken  by  Tamerlane  in  1384, 
and  by  Shah  Abbas  of  Persia  in  1620. 

Ctiiideas,  a  river  of  Brazil.  See  Jamari. 
Caudeish,  or  Khandeisb,  kS^n-dish',  a  district  of 
British  India,  Bombay  presidency,  about  lat.  20°  10'-21° 
58'  N.,  Ion.  73°  37'-76°  20'  E.  Area,  9311  square  miles. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  Nerbudda  and  the  Taptee.  Chief 
town,  Dhoolia.     Pop.  778,112. 

Candeia,  kin-dA'ld,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  22 
miles  S.  of  Foggia.     Pop.  5090. 

Candeia,  kin-di'li,  a  village  of  Mexico,  53  miles  S.E. 
of  Coahuila. 

Candela'ria,  a  post-village  of  Esmeralda  co.,  Nevada, 
about  44  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Hawthorne.  It  has  a  bank, 
a  public  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  mining-industries. 
Pop.  600. 

Candelaria,  ka,n-di-ia,'re-i,  a  rooky  islet  and  reefs  in 

the  Pacific,  Solomon  group.     Lat.  6°  16'  S. ;  Ion.  159°  20'  E. 

Candelaria,  kan-dd-li're-i,  a  bay  on  the  N.E.  coast  of 

the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  W.  of  Choco  Bay,  at  the  mouth  of 

the  Atrato.     Lat.  8°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  77°  W. 

Candelaria,  kin-dA-ia,'re-a,  a  town  of  the  Argentine 
Republic,  province  of  Corrientes,  on  the  Parand,  nearly 
opposite  Itapua  (in  Paraguay). 

Candelaria,  k&n-di-li're-S,,  a  seaport  town  of  the  Ca- 
naries, on  the  E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Tenlriff'e. 

Candelario,  kin-d4-li're-o,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Leon, 
40  miles  S.  of  Salamanca.     Pop.  2329. 

Candelaro,  kin-di-li'ro,  a  riverof  Italy,  rises  in  Mount 
Liburno,  and,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  about  40  miles,  enters 
the  Adriatic  3  miles  S.  of  Manfredonia. 

Candeleda,  kin-di-lA'D^,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Cas- 
tile, 42  miles  S.W.  by  S.  of  Avila,  at  the  point  of  junction 
with  New  Castile  and  Estremadura.     Pop.  5000. 

Candelo,  kin-di'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  3i  miles  S.E.  of 
Biella,  on  the  Cervo.     Pop.  2606. 

Candes,  kisd,  a  town  of  France,  in  Indre-et-Loire,  7i 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Chinon,  on  the  Loire.     Pop.  630. 

Candhar,  kAn'dar',  or  Gundhara,  giin-d'hi'rS,,  a 
town  of  India,  80  miles  S.E.  of  Jeypoor. 

Candhar,  a  town  of  India,  Nizam's  dominion,  69  miles 
N.  of  Boeder. 
Candia,  an  island  in  the  Mediterranean  Sea.  See  Crete. 
Candia,  kin'de-&,  or  Megalo-Kastron,  meg'i-lo'- 
kis'tron,  sometimes  written  Alegalo  -  Kastro  (anc. 
Ma'liitm),  the  largest  city  of  Crete,  near  the  centre  of  its  N. 
coast.  Lat  35°  21'  N. ;  Ion.  25°  8'  9"  E.  Pop.  15,000, 
nearly  all  Mohammedans.  Its  massive  fortifications,  de- 
cayed docks,  arsenal,  arched  vaults  for  galleys,  and  a  large 
cathedral  were  constructed  by  the  Venetians.  Its  harbor, 
formed  by  two  moles,  each  terminating  with  a  fort,  is  now 
so  choked  as  to  be  available  only  for  vessels  drawing  8  feet 
of  water ;  and  its  trade  is  much  less  important  than  that 
of  Khania.  Streets  wide  and  roughly  paved;  houses  well 
built,  and  interspersed  with  gardens  and  fountains.  Prin- 
cipal edifices,  the  pasha's  palace,  bazaars,  mosques,  a  syna- 
gogue, a  light-house,  and  public  baths.  The  chief  manu- 
facture is  that  of  soap.  Candia  was  taken  from  the  Venetians 
by  the  Turks  in  1669.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  Greek  archbishop 
and  of  a  Latin  bishop. 

Candia,  kin'de-i,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  20 
miles  S.  of  Novara.     Pop.  2739. 

Can'dia,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Candia  township,  on  the  Concord  &  Portsmouth  Railroad, 
12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Manchester.  The  township  has  3  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1456. 

Candia  Village,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham  co., 
N.H.,  in  Candia  township,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Concord. 
,    Candida  Casa,  an  ancient  name  for  Whithorn. 


Can'do,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Towner  co.,  N.D., 
about  40  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Devil's  Lake.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  200. 

Can'dor,  a  post-village  of  Tioga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Candor 
township,  on  Catatunk  Creek,  and  on  the  railroad  which 
connects  Ithaca  with  Owego,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Owego, 
and  about  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Elmira.  It  contains  4  churches, 
the  Candor  Free  Academy,  a  national  bank,  2  tanneries,  a 
woollen-factory,  2  blanket-factories,  3  saw-  and  2  grist-mills, 
a  foundry,  and  a  machine-shop.    Pop.  of  the  township,  3674. 

Candor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  in  Rob- 
inson township,  1  mile  from  Bulger  Station.    It  has  a  church. 

Candy,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Ceylon.    See  Kandy. 

Cane,  kain,  or  Ken,  a  river  of  India,  in  Bundelcund, 
joins  the  Jumna  23  miles  from  Banda,  after  a  N.E.  course 
of  250  miles. 

Canea,  a  seaport  town  of  Crete.    See  Khania. 

Cancadea,  kan-e-ay'de-a,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Caneadea  township,  on  the  Genesee  River, 
which  is  here  entered  by  Caneadea  Creek,  and  about  54 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  2  flour-mills,  a  cheese- 
factory,  a  public  hall,  a  planing-mill,  a  match-factory,  and 
2  churches.  Pop.  236;  of  the  township,  1639.  The  town- 
ahip  contains  Oramel. 

Cane  Creek,  of  Benton  co.,  Ala.,  flows  into  Coosn 
River  a  little  below  the  Ten  Islands. 

Cane  Creek  runs  southward  through  Butler  co..  Mo., 
and  enters  the  Big  Black  River  in  Clay  co..  Ark.  It  is 
nearly  80  miles  long. 

Cane  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calhoun  co.,  Ala.,  17 
miles  S.W.  of  Jacksonville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  lumber-mill.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Cane  Creek,  post-township,  Butler  co.,  Mo.   Pop.  323. 

Cane  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Chatham  co.,  N.C. 

Cane  Creek,  township,  Lancaster  co.,  S.C.  Pop.  1759. 

Cane  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Tcnn. 

Caneghem,  kin'§-n{m\  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
of  West  Flanders,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Courtrai.     Pop.  1840. 

Cane  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cedar  co..  Mo.,  40  miles 
N.AV.  of  Springfield. 

Cane  Islands,  or  Kalib  Rocks,  two  rocky  islands 
in  the  Mediterranean,  off  the  N.  coast  of  Tunis,  5i  miles 
from  Cape  Zibeeb.     Lat.  37°  37'  N.;  Ion.  10°  30'  E. 

Canel,  ki-n51',  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Senegambia,  on  an 
affluent  of  the  Senegal,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Sedo.     P.  6000.  (?) 

Canelas,  ki-ni'lis,  sometimes  written  Caneles,  ki- 
ni'lfis,  a  small  mining  town  of  Mexico,  state  and  110  miles 
N.W.  of  Durango,  on  the  S.W.  slope  of  the  Sierra  Madre. 
Near  it  veins  of  mercury  have  been  discovered. 

Canelli,  ki-nSl'lee,  a  town  of  Italy,  13  miles  S.E.  of 
Asti,  near  the  Belbo.     Pop.  4072. 

Can'emah^a  village  of  Clackamas  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Willamette  River,  1  mile  above  Oregon  City,  and  on  the 
Oregon  &  California  Railroad.  It  has  a  church  and  a  steam 
saw-mill. 

Cane  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Bourbon  co.,  Ky. 

Cane  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Claiborne  parish.  La. 

Cane  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Van  Buren  co.,  "renn. 

Cane  Savan'nah,  a  station  in  Sumter  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
Wilmington  <fc  Columbia  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Sumter 
Court-House. 

Cane's  Falls,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  li 
miles  from  Port  Ann.     It  has  a  woollen-factory. 

Cane  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Bullitt  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Bardstown  Railroad,  28  miles  S.  of  Louisville. 

Canesteo,  a  township  of  Minnesota.    See  Canisteo. 

Canet  de  Mar,  ki-n^t'  d.\  man,  a  town  of  Spain,  26 
miles  N.E.  of  Barcelona,  on  the  Mediterranean.     P.  3301. 

Cafiete,  kS,n-yi'ti,  a  seaport  town  of  Northern  Peru, 
capital  of  a  province  of  its  own  name,  department  and 
85  miles  S.E.  of  Lima. 

Cafiete  de  las  Torres,  kJn-yi'ti  di  lis  toR'R^s,  a 
town  of  Spain,  25  miles  E.  of  Cordova.     Pop.  2410. 

Canete-la-Huergina,  kin-yi'tA-li-wSR-Hee'ni,  a 
town  of  Spain,  27  miles  E.  of  Cuenca.     Pop.  1230. 

Canete-la-Real,kin-yi'td-lA-r4-ir,  atown  of  Spain, 
44  miles  N.AV.  of  Malaga.  Pop.  4800.  It  has  a  trade  in 
fruits  and  wine. 

Caneva,  ki-ni'vd,  a  market-town  of  Northern  Italy, 
province  and  37  miles  AV.  of  Udine.     Pop.  5045. 

Cane  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adair  co.,  Ky.,  34  miles 
S.  of  Lebanon.     It  has  a  church  and  a  tobacco-factorj'. 

Ca'ney,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nevada  co..  Ark.,  22  miles  W. 
of  Camden.     It  has  2  stores. 

Caney,  a  station  in  the  Choctaw  country,  Indian  Ter- 
ritory, on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  40  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Denison,  Tex. 


OAJf 


780 


CAN 


Caney,  a  poat-hamlet  of  Montgomery  oo.,  Kansad,  in 
Caney  township,  20  miles  W.  of  Coffo.willo.  It  hiis  several 
church  organisations,  a  bank,  a  public  school,  and  2  news- 
paper offices.     Top.  612;  of  the  township,  IU67. 

Caney,  a  post-offlce  of  Morgan  oo.,  Ky. 

CancV)  a  jmst-ofHco  of  Matagorda  oo.,  Tex. 

Cnncy  Bnyou^  bi'oo,  a  small  stream  of  Texas,  enters 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico  on  the  lino  between  Brazoria  and  Mata- 
gorda cos. 

Caiicy  Branch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  oo.,  Tcnn., 
13  miles  S.W.  of  (ireeneville.     It  has  a  tannery. 

Cancy  Creek  Mine,  a  station  in  Muhlenburgco.,Ky., 
on  the  Louisville  4  Paducah  Railroad,  154  miles  S.W.  of 
Louisville,  in  the  western  coal-region  of  Kentucky. 

Cancy  Fork  of  the  Cumberland  River  rises  in  Cum- 
berland CO.,  Tenn.  It  runs  westward  to  the  S.W.  extremity 
of  White  CO.,  from  which  point  it  flows  in  a  N.N.W.  direc- 
tion, and  enters  the  Cumberland  River  at  Carthage.  Its 
length  is  about  150  miles. 

Caney  Fork,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  N.C.     P.  951. 

Caney  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Clinton  co.,  Ky. 

Caney  River,  of  Kansas,  runs  nearly  southeastward 
through  Chautauqua  co.  into  the  Indian  Territory.  The 
lower  part  of  it  is  called  the  Little  Verdigris  River. 

Caney  River,  a  township  of  Yancey  co.,  N.C.  P.  1202. 

Cancy  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  Tenn., 
85  miles  S.  of  Nashville.    It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Ca'neyville,  township,  Chautauqua  co.,  Kan.  Pop.  875. 

Caneyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grayson  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville,  Paducah  k  Southwestern  Railroad,  83  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Louisville. 

Can'field,  a  post-village  of  Boulder  co.,  Colorado,  on 
the  Boulder  Valley  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of  Boulder.  It 
has  mines  of  lignite  coal,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  300. 

Canfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Black  Hawk  co.,  Iowa,  9 
miles  (direct)  E.  of  Waterloo,  and  about  3  miles  S.E.  of 
Dewar  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  grain  elevator  and  a 
creamery. 

Canfield,  a  post-villnge  of  Mahoning  co.,  0.,  in  Can- 
field  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  New  York,  Pennsylvania 
A  Ohio  Railroad,  12  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Nile?,  and  about  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Youngstown.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a 
union  and  a  normal  school,  a  carriage- factory,  a  tannery,  a 
rake-factory,  a  newspaper  oSico,  a  pump-factory,  a  saw- 
mill, and  manufactures  of  lumber,  ic.  Coal  abounds  in 
the  vicinity.     Pop.  676;  of  the  township,  16(55. 

Can'field,  a  post-village  in  Haldimand  co.,  Ontario,  at 
the  junction  of  the  Grand  Trunk  (Bufi"alo  A  Goderich 
Branch),  Canada  Air-Line,  and  Canada  Southern  Railways, 
46  miles  W.  of  Buffalo,  N.Y.     Pop.  400. 

Canfoo,  or  Cnnfu,  kdn-foo',  called  Kanpoo  by  the 
Chinese,  an  ancient  town  of  China,  province  of  Che-Kiang, 
at  tho  head  of  a  considerable  bay,  .32  miles  S.W.  of  Chapoo. 
It  was  originally  the  port  of  Hang-Chow-Foo,  but  is  now 
deserted. 

Canfranc,  kln-frink',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of 
Huesca,  on  a  frequented  route  between  France  and  Spain, 
in  the  Pyrenees,  9  miles  N.  of  Jaca. 

Can  gal  lo,  kiln-gll'yo,  a  town  of  Peru,  capital  of  a 
province  of  its  own  name,  in  the  department  of  Cuzco,  on 
one  of  tho  head-branches  of  the  river  Apurimac,  about  150 
miles  W.  of  Cuzco. 

Cangas  de  Onis,  kin'gis  dA  o-rcece',  a  town  of 
Bpain,  35  miles  E.S.E.  of  Oviedo.     Pop.  1600. 

Cangas  de  Tineo,  kin'gls  di  to-nA'o,  a  town  of 
Spain,  32  miles  W.S.W.  of  Oviedo.     Pop.  1113. 

Cangayang,  island,  Java  Sea.     See  Kangelung. 

Cangozima,  or  Kangozima,  kJln-go-zce'mS,,  prop- 
erly Kagosheema,  or  Kagoshima,  k&-go-shce'm^,  a 
town  of  Japan,  capital  of  the  province  of  Satsuma,  on  a 
large  bay  at  the  S.  end  of  the  island  of  Kioo-Sioo.  It  was 
for  many  years  the  capital  of  the  feudal  prince  Satsuma, 
and  had  armories  and  a  cotton-factory.  It  has  an  e.xcellent 
harbor,  with  a  light-house.     Pop.  (1884)  50,207. 

Cangrcjos,  k&n-grd'noce,  or  Crab  Island,  an  island 
of  Venezuela,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Orinoco.  Lat.  8°  50'  N.  ; 
Ion.  60°  IS'  W. 

Cangu^u,  kin-goo-soo',  a  town  of  Brazil,  on  a  river  of 
the  same  name,  province  and  70  miles  N.W.  of  Rio  Grande 
io  Sul.     Pop.  about  6000. 

Caniapuscaw,  kan'e-ap'us-kaw\  orKoksoak,  kok'- 
BO-ak',  a  lake  of  Labrador,  is  70  miles  long,  with  a  breadth 
varying  from  8  to  35  miles.  Its  N.  end  is  in  lat.  54°  45'  N., 
Ion.  67°  W.  It  occupies  a  central  part  of  the  peninsula, 
and  is  nearly  equidistant  from  the  St.  Lawrence,  Ungava, 
and  Hamilton  Inlets,  being  350  miles  from  each. 

Cauiapascaw,  or  Koksoak,  a  river  of  Labrador, 


issuing  from  a  loko  of  the  same  name,  running  N.  by  W. 
falls  into  Ungava  Bay,  Hudson's  Strait,  in  lat.  59°  N.  Total 
course,  about  400  miles. 

Canicatti,  ka-nc-klt'tee,  a  town  of  Sicily,  15  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Girgcnti,  on  the  Naro.  Pop.  20,908.  In  its  en- 
virons are  extensive  sulphur-mines. 

Canie,  kil'nce',  an  island  in  tho  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrcnpc 
near  tho  N.  coast. 

Canigon,  kil'ne'goo',  a  mountain  of  France,  department 
of  Pyr^nCes-Oricntales,  24  miles  S.W.  of  I'erjiignan.  It  if 
one  of  the  loftiest  of  the  Pyrenees.     Height,  9137  feet. 

Canilcs,  ki-nec'Ifis,  a  town  of  Spain,  29  miles  S.AV,  cf 
Granada.     It  has  linen-manufactures.     Pop,  2260. 

Canillas,  kA-ncd'yi.'",  a  modem  commercial  town  of 
Spain,  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Malaga.     Pop.  2247. 

Caninde,  ki-neen'di,  a  river  of  Brazil,  state  of  Pinuhjr 
falls  into  the  Parnahiba.     Length,  about  200  miles. 

Caniuo,  kil-nee'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  20  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Viterbo.  It  has  celebrated  baths,  and  gave  the  title  o' 
prince  to  Lucien  Bonaparte. 

Can'isbay',  a  j)arish  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Caithness. 

Canis'nia,  a  small  lake  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Louisiana, 
about  4  miles  S.W.  of  Red  River,  into  which  it  flows. 

Can^istc'ar,  a  mining  hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Vernon  township,  3  miles  N.  of  Stockholm.     It  has  a  church. 

Caniste'o,  or  Canc$te'o,  a  township  of  Dodge  co., 
Minn.,  about  15  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Rochester.     Pop.  832. 

Cauisteo,  a  post-vilhigo  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  is  on 
Canisteo  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Bennett's  Creek,  4  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Hornellsville.  It  has  a  bank,  4  churches,  2 
tanneries,  a  sash-,  door-,  and  blind-,  and  boot-  and  stioe- 
fiictorics,  a  printing-office,  a  spoke-  and  bending-works,  a 
flour-mill,  an  academy,  a  foundry,  and  a  money-order  post- 
office.     Pop.  in  IS90,  2071 ;  of  tho  township,  3029. 

Canisteo  River,  New  York,  rises  in  Alleghany  co., 
runs  southeastward  in  Steuben  co.,  and  enters  the  Tioga 
River  about  5  miles  S.W.  of  Coming.  It  is  about  60  miles 
long,  and  flows  in  a  deep  valley.  The  Erie  Railroad  is  laid 
along  its  left  bank  from  its  mouth  to  Hornellsville,  38  jiiilcs. 

Can'ister  Islands,  three  islets  of  the  Mergui  Archi- 
pelago, Indian  Ocean.     Lat.  13°  N. ;  Ion.  98°  E. 

Canjayar,  kin-ni-an',  a  town  of  Spain,  34  miles  W. 
of  Almeria,  E.  gf  the  Sierra  Gador.     Pop.  837. 

Can'mer,  or  Cran'mer,  a  village  of  Hart  co.,  Ky.,  9 
miles  E.  of  Rowlett's  Railroad  Station.  It  has  3  stores  and 
a  seminary.     Pop.  225. 

Can'na,  one  of  the  Hebrides,  in  Scotland,  co.  of  Argyle, 
7  miles  S.W.  of  Skye.     Length,  4i  miles.     Pop.  48. 

Can^nannee'  Creek,  Georgia,  flows  into  the  Ocmul- 
gee  River,  in  Irwin  co. 

Canne,  kin'nJ,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Ban, 
near  the  Ofanto,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Barletta,  on  the  site  of 
the  field  of  Cwuiee,  still  called  the  "Campo  di  Sanguc," 
kJm'po  dee  sin'gwi  (i.e.,  "field  of  blood"),  where  Hanni- 
bal gained  a  memorable  victory  over  the  Romans,  B.C.  216. 

Canne,  kinn  or  kin'n^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  prov- 
ince of  Limbourg,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Tongres.     Pop.  800. 

Can'nelburg,  a  post-office  of  Daviess  co.,  Ind.,  is  at 
Clark's  Station,  on  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad.  Here 
is  a  coal-mine. 

Can'nelton,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Perry  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  70  miles  above  Evansville,  and  about 
145  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Indianapolis.  It  contains  7 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  court-house,  a  cotton-mill,  a 
quarry  of  sandstone,  a  pottery  for  stoneware,  a  paper-mill, 
a  chair-factory,  a  foundry,  and  manufactures  of  beer,  flour, 
lumber,  Ac.  One  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.  The 
coal-mines  of  Cannelton  (which  have  been  opened  many 
years)  appear  to  be  inexhaustible,  producing  coal  that  is 
extensively  used  in  steamboats.     Pop.  1991. 

Cannelton,  a  post-village  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.,  in  Dar- 
lington township,  on  a  short  railroad  which  connects  with 
the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago  Railroad,  45  miles 
N.W.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2  churches,  and  a  manufactory 
of  railroad-cars.     It  has  mines  of  cannel  coal. 

Cannelton,  a  station  in  Fayette  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Great  Kanawha  and  the  Chesapeake  A  Ohio  Railroad,  27 
miles  (32  miles  by  water)  above  Charleston.  Here  are  fine 
beds  of  workable  coal,  aggregating  29  feet  in  thickness,  and 
including  a  fine  gas-coal  and  a  splint-  or  block -coal  of  the 
first  excellence. 

Cannelton,  a  post-village  of  Kanawha  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Great  Kanawha  River,  and  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  about  8  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Charleston.  It  has  a 
church  and  rich  coal-mines.  Six  coal  companies  operate 
within  2  miles  of  Cannelton.    Pop.  about  500. 

CanneS)  k&nn,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Var, 


CAN 


T8t 


CAN 


on  the  Mediterranean,  22  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Nice.  Pop. 
about  14,000.  It  stands  on  a  declivity  facing  the  sea  and 
surrounded  by  orange-  and  olive-plantations.  It  has  an  old 
Gothic  castle,  and  a  good  quay,  but  an  indifferent  port. 
Exports,  anchovies,  fruits,  and  corn.  It  is  a  winter  resort, 
and  has  over  60  hotels.  Napoleon  landed  at  Cannes  from 
Elba  on  the  1st  of  March,  1815. 

Cannetello,  kin-ni-tJI'lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  8  miles 
N.  of  Ileggio,  in  the  Strait  of  Messina.     Pop.  2230. 

Canueto,  kiln-nd'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  20  miles  W.  of 
Mantua,  on  the  Oglio.     Pop.  3753. 

Canneto,  a  town  of  Italy,  9  miles  S.  of  Bari.    Pop.  3094. 

Cannif'ton,  a  post-village  in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  river  Moira,  3  miles  N.  of  Belleville.  It  has  excellent 
water-power,  a  woollen-factory,  tanneries,  saw-mills,  flour- 
ing-mills,  a  pottery,  Ac.     Pop.  600. 

Can'niiig,  or  Mudge  Hollow,  a  post- village  in  Ox- 
ford CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  river  Nith,  4  miles  from  Paris.  It 
has  a  woollen-factory,  and  saw-  and  grist-mills.     Pop.  130. 

Can'ning,  Port  Can'ning,  or  Mut'la  (Matia),  a 
town  of  India,  Bengal,  28  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Calcutta,  with 
an  excellent  harbor  on  the  river  Mutla,  in  the  Ganges  delta. 
Great  sums  of  money  have  been  expended  in  developing 
this  port,  but  its  trade  and  population  are  very  small. 

Cau'ning,  a  seaport  of  Nova  Scotia,  Kings  co.,  on 
Habitant  River,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Kentville.  It  has  sev- 
eral ship-yards.     Pop.  600. 

Can'nington,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario, 
on  Beaver  River,  59  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Toronto.  It 
has  a  brewery,  woollen-mill,  door-  and  sash-factory,  shingle- 
jnill,  saw-  and  grist-mills,  3  churches,  and  2  newspaper 
offices.     Pop.  800. 

Cann  Islands,  a  group  of  small  islands  off  Newfound- 
land, 16  miles  from  Fogo. 

Cannobio,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Canobbio. 

Can'nock,  a  coal-mining  town  of  Staffordshire,  Eng- 
land, 8  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Walsall.     Pop.  6650. 

Can'noii,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Tennessee, 
has  an  area  of  about  250  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
a  small  affluent  of  the  Cumberland  River.  The  surface  is 
hilly  or  uneven;  the  soil  is  productive.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  •  Capital,  Wood- 
bury. Pop.  in  1870,  10,502;  in  J  880,  11,859;  in  1890, 
12,197. 

Cannon,  a  post-village  of  Wilton  township,  Fairfield 
CO.,  Conn.,  8  miles  by  rail  N.  of  South  Norwalk.  It  has  a 
church,  an  academy,  and  manufactures  of  curled  hair. 
Pop.  200;  of  the  township,  1722. 

Cannon,  a  township  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  1205. 
It  contains  Cannonsburg. 

Cannon  Ball  River  rises  in  the  S.W.  part  of  North 
Dakota,  runs  in  an  E.N.E.  direction,  and  enters  the  Missouri 
River  at  lat.  46°  30'  N.     It  is  nearly  150  miles  long. 

Cannon  City,  a  township  of  Rice  co.,  Minn.,  4  miles 
N.E.  of  Faribault.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  1057. 

Cannon  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minn., 
is  on  Cannon  River,  in  Cannon  Falls  township,  about  36 
miles  S.  by  E.  from  St.  Paul.  It  has  a  money-order  post- 
office,  6  churches,  4  flouring-mills,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
a  graded  school.  The  river  here  affords  great  water-power. 
Pop,  1078;  of  the  township,  additional,  835. 

Cannon  River,  Minnesota,  rises  among  several  lakes, 
near  the  S.  border  of  Lesueur  co.  It  runs  northeastward 
through  Rice  co.,  drains  parts  of  Dakota  and  Goodhue  cos., 
and  enters  the  Mississippi  River  about  1  mile  above  Red 
Wing.     It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Cannon's,  a  township  of  Newberry  co.,  S.C.   Pop.  1 224. 

Can'nonsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Boyd  co.,  Ky.,  2  or 
8  miles  S.AV.  of  Catlcttsburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Cannonsburg,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co..  Mich.,  in 
Cannon  township,  on  Bear  Creek,  about  14  miles  N.E.  of 
Grand  Rapids.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Cannonsburg,  a  po.^t-village  and  station  of  Jefferson 
CO.,  Miss.,  on  the  Natchez,  Jackson  &  Columbus  Railroad, 
14  miles  E.  of  Natchez.     It  has  2  churches. 

Cannonsburg,  Carroll  co.,  0.    See  Dell  Rot. 

Cannonsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co.,  0.,  in 
Union  township,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Lima.  It  has  2  churches. 
It  is  3  miles  from  Rawson  Railroad  Station. 

Cannonsburg,  or  Canonsburg,  a  post-borough  of 
Washington  co..  Pa.,  on  Chartiers  Creek  and  the  Chartiers 
Railrcad,  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2  banks,  an 
academy,  2  newspaper  offices,  7  churches,  a  rolling-mill, 
<fcc.  The  Western  Pennsylvania  State  School  of  Reform, 
with  buildings  which  cost  jibout  $350,000,  is  located  1  mile 
from  this  borough.    Pop.  2024. 


Can'non's  Fer'ry  (Cannon  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of 
Sussex  CO.,  Del.,  on  the  Nanlicoke  River,  6  miles  S.W.  of 
Seaford.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Cannon's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbiana  co.,  0., 

5  miles  N.N.W.  of  East  Liverpool.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 
Cannon's  Station,  Fairtield  co.,  Conn.     See  Canhon. 
Cannon    Store,  a  post-hamlet  of   Iberville  parish, 

La.,  near  the  Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad,  10  miles  S.E.  of 
Plaqnemine. 

Can'nonsville,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Tompkins  township,  on  the  Coquago  or  Delaware  River, 
about  33  miles  E.  of  Binghamton.  It  is  8  miles  above 
Deposit.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  tannery, 
and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  319. 

Cannouchee  (kan-noo'chee)  River,  Georgia,  rises  in 
Emanuel  co.,  runs  southeastward,  and  enters  the  Ogcechce 
River  in  Bryan  co.,  about  18  miles  S.W.  of  Savannah.  It 
is  about  150  miles  long. 

Cannstadt,  kinn'stitt,  a  town  of  WUrtemberg,  4  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Stuttgart.  It  is  the  entrepot  for  traffic  on 
the  Neckar,  and  has  manufactures  of  woollens,  cottons,  to- 
bacco, vinegar,  <fec.,  with  dyeing-establishments.  In  the 
vicinity  are  mineral  springs,  forming  a  favorite  resort,  and 
close  by  are  the  royal  seats  of  Bellevue  and  Roscnstein. 
Pop.  11,084. 

Canobbio,  Cannobio,  or  Canobio,  ki-nob'be-o, 
a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  W.  side  of  Lago  Maggiore,  17  miles 
S.W.  of  Belllnzona.     Pop.  2681. 

Canobus,  ancient  ruins  in  Egypt.    See  Abookeer. 

Canoe,  ka-noo',  a  station  in  Escambia  eo.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Mobile  &  Montgomery  Railroad,  49  miles  N.E.  of  Mobile. 

Canoe,  a  township  of  Winneshiek  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  883. 

Canoe,  a  hamlet  of  Clarion  co..  Pa.,  on  Clarion  River, 
about  14  miles  N.E.  of  Parker  City. 

Canoe,  a  township  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.  Pop.  998.  It 
contains  Locust  Lane. 

Canoe  Camp,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  co..  Pa.,  in  Rich- 
mond township,  on  the  Tioga  River  and  the  Tioga  Railroad, 
27  miles  S.S.W.  of  Elmira,  N.Y.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
flouring-mill. 

Canoe  Creek,  township.  Rock  Island  co.,  111.  P.  413. 

Canoe  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Blair  co..  Pa.,  in 
Frankstown  township,  at  Flowing  Spring  Railroad  Station, 
which  is  9  miles  E.  of  HoUidaysburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Canoe  Place,  a  village  of  Southampton  township, 
Suffolk  CO.,  Long  Island,  on  an  isthmus  between  Peconio 
and  Shinnecock  Bays.  It  has  28  dwellings,  a  tavern,  store, 
and  church,  and  is  1  mile  E.  of  Good  Ground. 

Canoe  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Pa. 

Cano'ga,  a  post-village  of  Seneca  co.,  N.Y.,  is  in 
Fayette  township,  i  mile  AV.  of  Cayuga  Lake,  and  about  12 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Auburn.  It  has  2  churches  and  2  flour- 
mills.     Here  is  a  large  spring,  which  aflbrds  water-power. 

Caiio  Guaraguan,  kin'yo  gwi-rd-gwin',  a  mouth  of 
the  Orinoco  River,  South  America,  enters  the  Atlantic  65 
miles  N.W.  of  the  Naviros,  or  great  southern  mouth. 

Canoma,  ki-no-mi'  or  ka-no'mi.  a  river  of  Brazil, 
state  of  Pari,  an  affluent  of  the  Madeira,  which  it  joins 
on  the  right  in  lat.  3°  58'  S.,  after  a  N.W.  course  of  up- 
wards of  200  miles'  direct  distance,  and  passing  through 
Lake  Canoma,  about  35  miles  long  by  12  miles  broad. 

Caiion,  kin-j-on',  a  Spanish  word  signifying  "tube"- 
or  "channel,"  applied  in  Mexico  and  South  America  to 
narrow  and  deep  river-channels. 

Caiion  (kdn'yon)  City,  a  village  or  mining  camp  of 
Trinity  co.,  Cal.,  about  44  miles  N.W.  of  Shasta.  Gold  is 
found  here.     Pop.  130. 

Canon  (or  Canyon)  City,  the  capital  of  Fremont  co., 
Col.,  is  on  the  Arkansas  River,  a  few  miles  below  the 
Grand  Caiion  of  the  Arkansas,  about  95  miles  S.  by  W. 
from  Denver,  and  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Pueblo.  It  is  near 
the  E.  base  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  and  is  on  the  Denver 

6  Rio  Grande  Railroad  (Arkansas  Valley  Branch).  Rich 
mines  of  good  coal  or  lignite  have  been  opened  near  this 
place,  and  petroleum  is  found  in  the  vicinity.  It  has  6 
churches,  2  banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  graded  schools,  a 
flouring-mill,  and  a  wagon-factory.  The  state  penitentiary 
is  located  here.  It  has  a  delightful  climate,  soda  and  hot 
springs,  and  is  surrounded  by  beautiful  mountain  scenery. 
Copper,  iron,  and  limestone  are  found  in  the  vicinity.  It 
is  also  the  seat  of  the  largest  zinc  lead  smelting-works  in 
the  world.     Pop.  in  1890,  2825. 

Caiion  (or  Canyon)  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Grant  co.,  Oregon,  is  situated  near  the  Blue  Mountains,  and 
near  John  Day's  River,  about  220  miles  E.S.E.  of  Portland. 
It  has  a  newspaper  office,  an  academy,  and  3  churches.  Gold 
is  found  here.     Pop.  500. 


CAN 


782 


CAN 


Canon'icut  (or  Conan'icut)  Island,  in  Narragan- 
Wtt  Bay,  R.I.,  2  miles  long  and  about  half  a  mile  wide.  It 
constituted  the  town  of  Jamcetown.     Pop.  488. 

Canonsbnrg,  rennoylvania.     See  Cannonsburo. 

Canoochcc,  a  river  of  Georgia.    See  Cannouchek. 

Canoo'chee,  a  poat-huiulet  of  Emanuel  oo.,  Ga.,  10 
miles  direct  U.  by  N.  of  Swainsborough. 

Can^oon',  a  town  of  British  India,  80  miles  Vf£.W, 
of  Delhi.     It  is  situated  in  the  midst  of  a  desert. 

Canopus,  or  Canobus.    See  Abookkkk. 

Canu8a«  kft-no'sA,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Bari, 
13  miles  S.W.  of  Barletta.  Pop.  14,»U5.  It  has  the  tomb 
of  Buhemond,  Prinoe  of  Antiooh,  mod  the  remains  of  the 
ancient  Cauutium. 

Canossa,  k&-nos's&,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Emilia,  11 
miles  S.W.  of  lleggio,  with  a  castle,  in  which  the  Emperor 
Henry  IV.  performed  penance  before  Pope  Gregory  VII., 
in  1077. 

Canoage,  a  town  of  India.    See  Kanoje. 

Cano'va,  a  post-village  of  Miner  co.,  S.D.,  .38  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Parker.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  an  academy, 
and  numerous  stores  and  general  business  houses.  Pop. 
about  200 ;  of  the  township,  3U5. 

Canqnaga  (kan-kwah'ga)  Creek,  of  Erie  oo.,  N.Y., 
falls  into  Lake  Erie,  about  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Buffalo. 

Canrobert,  k6N»'ro'baiR',  or  Ange  Gardien,  6yzh 
gan*de-6N»',  a  post-village  in  Rouville  co.,  Quebec,  5  miles 
from  West  Farnham.     Pop.  255. 

Cansanare,  a  territory  of  the  United  States  of  Co- 
lombia.    See  Casanare. 

Can'so,  or  Cape  Canso,  a  seaport  in  Guysborough 
CO.,  Nova  Sootia,  on  Chedabucto  Bay,  32  miles  E.  by  S.  of 
Guysborough.  It  contains  8  stores  and  several  churches 
and  hotels.  An  American  consul  resides  here.  Pop.  1136. 
See  Gut  op  Canso. 

Canstatt,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Cannstadt. 

Canta,  kin'ti,  a  town  of  Peru,  capital  of  a  province  of 
its  own  name,  department  and  50  miles  N.E.  of  Lima. 

Cantabriau  (k&n-tA'bre-an)  Mountains,  in  the  N. 
of  Spain,  form  a  prolongation  of  the  Pyrenees,  and  extend 
from  these  mountains  in  the  E.  to  Cape  Finisterre  on  the 
W.,  about  lat.  43°  N.  The  chief  divisions  of  the  chain  are 
the  Sierras  d'Aralar,  Salvada,  Ordunte,  Anaiia,  Sejos,  Albas, 
Pena-mellara,  the  mountains  of  Asturias,  Sierra  de  Mon- 
donedo,  Quadramon,  and  Tecyra.  Some  of  the  summits 
attain  an  elevation  of  10,000  feet. 

Cantabrigia,  the  ancient  name  of  Cambridge. 

Cantagallo,  k&n-til-g&l'lo,  a  town  of  Brazil,  85  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Rio  Janeiro.     Pop.  4200. 

CantaK  kdNo'til',  a  central  department  of  France,  the 
S.  part  of  the  old  province  of  Auvergne.  Area,  2245  square 
miles.  It  is  entirely  mountainous,  occupied  by  the  mass 
of  Cantal  and  its  contreforts ;  culminating  point,  Plomb  de 
Cantal,  tne  of  the  four  principal  mountains  of  Auvergne, 
6093  feet  in  elevation.  The  surface  is  almost  covered  with 
the  debris  of  extinct  volcanoes;  it  furnishes  marble  and 
ooal,  and  has  numerous  mineral  springs.  The  chief  rivers 
are  the  Alagnon,  affluent  of  the  Allier;  Truydre  and  Celle, 
affluents  of  the  Lot;  and  the  Cere,  affluent  of  the  Dor- 
dogno.  The  soil  is  infertile,  except  in  some  of  the  valleys  ; 
the  declivities  of  the  mountains  aflFord  excellent  pasturage. 
The  chief  manufactures  are  cheese  (the  most  celebrated  of 
which  is  called  Roquefort),  linens,  and  paper.  The  depart- 
ment forms  the  arrondisscments  of  Aurillac,  Mauriac,  Murat, 
and  St.-Flour.  Capital,  Aurillac.  Pop.  in  1891,  239,601. 
'  Cantalapiedra,  kin-ti-ld-pe-i'drl,  a  town  of  Spain, 
25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Salivmanca,  with  1530  inhabitants. 

Cantalejo,  k&n-t&-14'Ho,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Segovia.     Pop.  1400. 

Cantalice,  kin-til'e-ch4,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Aquila,  6  miles  N.  of  Civita  Ducale. 

Cantalupo,  kln-t&-loo'po,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Campobasso.  The  French  here 
defeated  the  Neanolitans  in  1798.     Pop.  2590, 

Canteleu,  kdNo't^h-luh',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine- 
Infcricure,  3  miles  W.  of  Rouen.     Pop.  3145. 

Cantenac,  k&N<>H^h-n&k',  a  village  of  France,  10  miles 
N.  of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  942. 

Canterbury,  kan't^r-b^r-e  (anc.  Burover'nnm  or  Dar- 
ver'num;  afterwards  called  Cantita'na),  a  city,  borough, 
and  county  of  itself,  in  England,  within  the  co.  of  Kent,  on 
the  Stour,  53  miles  E.S.E.  of  London,  at  the  junction  of 
several  railways.  Lat.  51°  16'  48"  N. ;  Ion.  1°  4'  31"  E. 
It  is  situated  in  a  rich  vale,  and  has  four  main  streets, 
branching  from  a  centre  at  right  angles.  Its  cathedral, 
erected  in  the  twelfth  and  two  following  centuries,  on  the 
•ite  of  the  first  Christian  church  built  in  Saxon  England,  is 


in  the  form  of  a  double  cross,  with  a  central  and  two  western 
towers,  and  presents  a  magnificent  union  of  almost  every 
style  of  Christian  architecture.  The  choir  is  the  largest  and  i 
one  of  the  finest  in  the  kingdom,  and  the  pavement  of  the 
chapel  of  the  Holy  Trinity  is  worn  into  hollows  by  the  knees 
of  the  innumerable  pilgrims  who  here  worshipped  at  the 
shrine  of  Thomas  tl  Becket.  Among  other  interesting  tombt 
here  is  that  of  the  Black  Prince.  A  fine  chapter-house  nnd 
a  valuable  library  are  attached  to  the  cathedral,  under  which 
is  a  spacious  crypt,  used  as  a  French  I'rotesliint  church  pinoc 
the  reign  of  Elizabeth.  It  has  a  griiraiiiar-scliool,  founded 
by  Henry  VIII.,  for  50  scholars,  numerous  other  endowed 
schools,  a  hospital  for  poor  brethren,  Jesus  Hospital,  foundtd 
in  1595,  another  hospital,  an  infirmary,  an  ancient  guild- 
hall, an  exchange,  large  barracks,  a  theatre,  and  ])hilosoph- 
ical  institution,  with  a  library  and  museum.  A  fine  ancient 
gateway,  and  some  remains  of  St.  Augustine's  Abbey,  of  a 
Norman  castle,  and  of  the  old  Chequers  Inn,  immortalized 
by  Chaucer,  may  be  specified  as  objects  of  interest.  In  the 
vicinity  are  woollen-mills;  but  the  chief  business  is  the  ex- 
port of  agricultural  produce,  especially  of  hops  and  of  brawn. 
Canterbury  was  formerly  noted  for  its  silk-manufucturcs  nnd 
for  its  damask  linen.  It  sends  two  members  to  the  House 
of  Commons.     Pop.  in  1891,  22,607. 

Canterbury  was,  previous  to  the  Roman  invasion,  a  place 
of  note  as  a  religious  institution  ;  it  was  made  a  principal 
station  by  the  Romans,  and  subsequently  became  the  capi- 
tal  of  the  Saxon  kingdom  of  Kent,  under  the  name  of  Caer- 
Cant,  hence  Cantuaria  and  Canterbury.  The  archbi^^h()pric, 
founded  a.d.  597,  has  had  nearly  100  archbishops,  the  most 
famous  of  whom  have  been  St.  Augustine,  the  founder  of 
the  see,  St.  Dunstan,  Stigand,  Lanfranc,  Anselm,  Becket, 
Cardinal  Pole,  Cranmer,  Laud,  and  Tillotson.  The  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury  is  "  primate  of  all  England,"  and  the 
first  peer  of  the  realm.  He  crowns  the  sovereign  in  West- 
minster Abbey,  and  among  other  privileges  has  that  of  con- 
ferring degrees  in  divinity,  law,  and  physic. 

Canterbury,  kan't?r-b?r-e,  a  post-village  of  Windham 
CO.,  Conn.,  in  Canterbury  township,  on  the  Quinebaug  River, 
3  miles  from  Plainfield  Junction,  and  about  14  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Norwich.  It  has  2  grist-mills  and  a  church.  The  town- 
ship has  3  churches  and  a  cotton-mill,  and  has  a  station  on 
the  New  York  and  New  England  Railroad,  18  miles  E.  by 
S.  of  Willimantic. 

Canterbury,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  Del.,  8  miles 
S.  of  Dover,  on  the  Delaware  Railroad.  It  has  a  church, 
and  a  factory  for  canning  fruits,  Ac. 

Canterbury,  a  post-hamlet  of  Merrimac  co.,  N.ll.,  in 
Canterbury  township,  on  the  Boston,  Concord  A  Montreal 
Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Concord.  The  township  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  the  Merrimac  River.  It  has  4  churches. 
Pop.  1169. 

Canterbury,  or  Corn'wall,  a  village  and  summer 
resort  of  Orange  eo.,  N.Y.,  in  Cornwall  township,  5  miles 
S.  of  Newburg,  and  nearly  2  miles  W.  of  the  Hudson  River. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  savings-bank,  and  several  large  hotels. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Cornwall,  and  the  village  is 
almost  contiguous  to  Cornwall  on  the  Hudson. 

Canterbury,  a  province  of  New  Zealand,  on  the  E. 
side  of  the  Middle  Island.  Area,  13,580  square  miles.  The 
coast  region  is  chiefly  open,  plain  land ;  but  the  interior  is 
mountainous,  with  dense  forests.  There  are  several  rail- 
ways.    Capital,  Christehurch.     Pop.  in  1891,  128,471. 

Canterbury,  a  post-village  in  Compton  co.,  Quebec,  30 
miles  N.E.  of  Lennoxville.     Pop.  150. 

Canterbury,  or  Eel  River,  a  post-village  in  York 
CO.,  New  Brunswick,  at  the  outlet  of  Eel  River  into  the  St. 
John,  8  miles  E.  from  Canterbury  Station.     Pop.  150. 

Canterbury  Station,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  28  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Woodstock.  There  are 
several  saw-mills  in  the  vicinity. 

Cantiano,  kiln-te-i'no,  atown  of  Italy,  in  the  Marches, 
20  miles  S.  of  Urbino,  on  the  river  Cantiano,  and  on  the 
road  from  Rome  to  Pesaro.  Pop.  3237.  Near  it  are  the 
ruins  of  the  ancient  Luccola. 

Cantillana,  kin-teel-yi'nl,  a  town  of  Spain,  18  miles 
N.  of  Seville,  on  the  Guadalquivir.     Pop.  4850. 

Cantire,  or  Cantyre,  Mull  of.    See  Kintyre. 

Canton,  kan-ton'  (Chin.  Ktcaiir/-Clioic-Foo  or  Sanj- 
Ching,  the  "  provincial  city"),  a  city  of  China,  and  the 
great  commerciiil  emporium  of  the  province  of  Quang-Tong, 
on  the  left  bank  of  the  Canton  or  Pearl  River  {Choo-Kinny), 
about  80  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  China  Sea.  Lat.  23° 
6'  9"  N. ;  Ion.  113°  15'  E.  Mean  temperature  of  the  )car, 
69°.9;  winter,  54°. 8;  summer,  82°  Fahrenheit.  Canton, 
with  its  suburbs,  occupies  the  N.  bank  of  the  river,  extend- 
ing inland  nearly  to  a  row  of  heights  commanding  it  on 


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the  N.  and  N.E.,  but  between  which  and  the  city  is  a 
!  broken  ravine ;  to  the  S.  lies  an  alluvial  plain,  formed  by 
i  the  delta  of  the  river.  The  city  is  enclosed  by  a  wall  of 
'briok,  on  a  foundation  of  red  sandstone,  6  or  7  miles  in  cir- 
loumfcrence,  and  entered  by  12  gates;  it  is  unequally  di- 
vided, by  another  wall  with  4  gates,  into  the  old  and  the  new 
town,  in  the  former  of  which  are  the  residences  of  most  of 
the  high  officers,  the  public  arsenal,  &o.  The  walls  are  in 
gome  places  mounted  with  cannon.  On  the  N.  heights  are 
4  strong  forts,  and  on  some  islands  in  the  river  are  other  forts, 
termed  the  "  Dutch"  and  the  "  French  Folly."  Various  de- 
tached batteries  also  guard  the  approach  to  the  city  by  the 
river.  The  suburbs  are  nearly  as  large  as  the  city  itself. 
On  the  S.  they  stretch  all  along  the  river-side;  and  at  their 
S.W.  corner  are  the  hongs,  formerly  the  European  quarter, 
— a  range  of  buildings  about  IJ  furlongs  in  length,  built 
upon  a  flat  raised  on  piles,  and  separated  from  the  river  by 
a  quay  100  yards  in  breadth,  called  Respondentia  Walk. 
'The  new  artificial  island  of  Sha-Mien  is  the  principal  Euro- 
i  pean  quarter,  but  all  parts  of  the  city  are  open  to  foreign- 
f  ers.  Near  the  quay  is  another  small  space,  about  50  or  60 
I  yards  square,  walled  in  and  laid  out  as  a  garden.  Con- 
tiguous to  the  hongs  are  Old  and  New  China  streets,  and 
Hog  lane :  the  two  former  are  among  the  best  streets  in  the 
suburbs;  the  last  is  a  filthy,  narrow  lane,  well  known  to 
foreign  seamen,  and  where  many  disturbances  between  them 
and  the  Chinese  have  arisen. 

The  city  and  the  suburbs  are  laid  out  and  built  after  one 
fashion.    The  streets  are  narrow  and  crooked,  varying  from 
2  to  16  feet  but  averaging  7  or  8  feet  in  width,  paved  and 
I  flagged,  each  closed  by  gates  guarded  at  night,  and  each  of 
'  the  trading  thoroughfares  appropriated  to  one  trade.     Sev- 
,  eral  canals  intersect  the  city,  and  are  crossed  by  stone  bridges. 
;  The  houses  are  mostly  of  brick,  but  also  of  stone,  mud,  and 
[  wood,  with  flat  roofs  and  terraces,  floored  with  hardened 
mud,  stone,  or  tiles,  and  the  place  of  window-glass  is  oom- 
:  monly  supplied  by  paper,  mica,  or  thin  shell.     The  resi- 
dences of  the  wealthy  inhabitants  are  built  within  a  walled 
court,  and  are  richly  furnished;  those  of  the  middle  classes, 
in  which  about  one-third  of  the  population  reside,  have  no 
courts :  and  those  of  the  lower  orders,  which  are  numerous 
along  the   banks   of  the   canals  and  in  the  suburbs,  are 
wretched  mud  hovels.     A  large  part  of  the  population  re- 
sides on  the  water;  and  for  4  or  5  miles  opposite  the  city, 
j  and  both  above  and  below,  the  river  is  crowded  with  vessels 
,  and  rafts  of  all  kinds,  on  many  of  which  large  numbers  of 
1  poultry  are  reared.   Upwards  of  120  temples  are  enumerated 
in  Canton,  the  principal  being  the  remarkable  Booddhist 
j  temple  of  Ho-Nan,  on  an  adjacent  large  island.  Within  the 
''  old  city  are  other  considerable  temples,  and  a  Mohammedan 
'  mosque,  with  a  dome  and  minaret  160  feet  in  height;  and 
•  outside  of  the  walls,  on  the  N.,  is  a  lofty  pagoda.     Canton 
has  several  hospitals,  a  grand  hall  for  the  examination  of 
I  candidates  for  literary  honors,  14  high  schools,  and  about  30 
'  colleges,  3  of  which  have  each  200  students.     The  manu- 
':  factures  are  various  and  extensive,  and  the  shops  are  filled 
i  with  articles  of  Chinese  workmanship.     17,000  persons  are 
'  said  to  be  employed  in  silk-weaving,  50,000  in  the  manu- 
;  facture  of  all  kinds  of  cloth,  and  upwards  of  4000  in  shoe- 
j  making.    Great  numbers  of  individuals  work  in  wood,  stone, 
!  iron,  and  brass,  and  the  book  trade  is  considerable. 
;       Until  1843,  all  the  legitimate  foreign  trade  of  China  was 
'  conducted  at  Canton,  and  its  amount  was  estimated  (in- 
clusive of  the  trade  by  junks  with  adjacent  countries)  at 
$80,000,000  annually.     The  chief  exports  are  tea,  raw  and 
manufactured   silk,   cassia,  matting,   palm-leaf  fans,  fire- 
I  crackers,  sugar,  chinaware,  canes,  preserves,  <fec.     The  ex- 
ports in  some  years  exceed  $25,000,000  in  value,  and  are 
always  enormously  in  excess  of  the  imports.     The  markets 
abound  with  all  kinds  of  live-stock  for  food,  including  dogs, 
cats,  owls,  hawks,  rats,  &c.,  suitable  only  for  Chinese  con- 
sumers ;  but  provisions  of  all  kinds  are  generally  abundant 
and  cheap.     Canton  is  well  supplied  with  water  from  reser- 
voirs and  springs. 

There  are  no  wheeled  carriages  in  use  in  the  streets  of 
Canton,  but  their  absence  is  amply  compensated  by  the  nim- 
ble sedan-bearers.  Men  of  wealth  generally  appear  abroad 
in  sedan-chairs,  taking  up  nearly  the  whole  breadth  of  the 
narrow  street,  to  the  great  annoyance  of  the  foot-passengers. 
But  the  river  presents  scenes  still  more  curious  and  interest- 
ing. The  prodigious  number  of  boats  with  which  the  sur- 
face is  crowded,  sometimes  amounting  to  nearly  100,000,  is 
the  first  thing  that  strikes  the  eye.  A  large  number  of 
these — as  many,  it  is  said,  as  40,000,  containing  a  popula- 
tion of  200,000 — are  fixed  residences,  and  most  of  them 
moored  stem  and  stern  in  rows.  The  inhabitants  are  called 
Tankia,  or  boat-people,  and  form  a  class  in  »3me  respects 


beneath  the  other  portions  of  the  community,  with  many 
customs  peculiar  to  themselves.  The  dwelling-  or  family- 
boats  are  of  various  sizes,  the  better  sort  being  from  60  to 
80  feet  long  and  about  15  feet  wide.  But  by  far  the  hand- 
somest of  the  boats  are  the  htoa-ting,  or  flower-boats.  Th« 
form  of  these  is  very  graceful,  and  their  raised  cabins  and 
awnings  are  fancifully  carved  and  painted. 

The  climate  of  Canton  is,  upon  the  whole,  salubrious. 
The  heat  in  summer  is  sometimes  very  great,  the  thermom- 
eter occasionally  rising  from  90°  to  100°  Fahr.  in  the  shade; 
but  the  average  of  the  whole  year  is  72°.  In  July  and  Au- 
gust the  average  is  from  80°  to  88°,  and  in  January  and 
February  from  50°  to  60°.  Ice,  however,  sometimes  forms 
in  shallow  vessels,  a  line  or  two  in  thickness.  AVoollen 
clothes  are  worn  and  fires  are  comfortable  during  January 
and  February,  but  the  Chinese  do  not  warm  their  houses.    • 

Canton  is  the  oldest  city  in  the  S.  of  China,  and  since  its 
foundation  it  has  undergone  many  changes.  The  Chinese 
historians  say  they  are  able  to  trace  their  city  for  2000  years, 
when  it  was  called  Nan-Woo-Ching,  "  the  martial  city  of  the 
south,"  and  was  surrounded  by  a  stockade  made  of  bamboo 
and  mud.  One  of  its  earliest  names,  and  which  is  still  used 
in  its  books,  was  Yang-Ching,  "  the  city  of  rams."  On  the 
26th  of  May,  1841,  the  Chinese  troops  were  totally  defeated, 
and  both  the  river  defences  and  the  hill-forts  above  Canton 
captured  by  the  British  forces,  who,  however,  did  not  enter 
the  city,  a  truce  having  been  forthwith  agreed  to  upon  the 
payment  of  £6,000,000  by  the  vanquished.  In  1847  the 
Bogue  Forts  were  again  captured  by  the  British,  and  a  new 
convention  agreed  to.  The  English  captured  the  city  by 
assault  in  1858.     Canton  has  been  frequently  devastated  by 

fires.     Pop.  estimated   at   1,500,000. Adj.   and   inhab. 

Cantonese,  kanHon-eez'.   See  Canton  River. 

Can'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  tjharpe  co.,  Ark.,  17  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Evening  Shade.     It  has  a  church. 

Canton,  a  post-township  of  Hartford  oo.,  Conn.,  is 
drained  by  Farraington  River,  and  intersected  by  the  Con- 
necticut Western  Railroad.  It  has  7  churches,  a  savings- 
bank,  an  academy,  and  manufactures  of  axes,  edge-tools, 
<to.  It  contains  a  village  named  Collinsville,  and  a  post- 
hamlet  named  Canton,  which  is  on  the  railroad,  14  miles 
S.E.  of  Winsted.     Pop.  2639. 

Canton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Etowah  River,  24  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Marietta,  and 
about  40  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
bank,  an  academy,  a  distillery,  a  tannery,  and  a  news- 
paper oflSce.  It  is  in  the  midst  of  beautiful  mountaia 
scenery.     Pop.  in  1890,  659. 

Canton,  a  post-town  of  Fulton  co.,  111.,  in  Canton  town- 
ship, on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  <t  Warsaw  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  the  Chicago,  Burlington  <fe  Quincy  Railroad,  25  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Peoria,  and  27  miles  E.  of  Bushnell.  It  contains 
8  churches,  2  banks,  a  public  school,  a  commercial  college, 
numerous  cigar-factories,  a  machine-shop,  a  stove-foundry, 
2  flouring-mills,  and  tile-,  gun-,  broom-,  and  cigar-box- 
factories,  marble-works,  bottling-works,  extensive  manufac- 
tures of  agricultural  implements,  and  1  daily  and  3  weekly 
newspaper  offices.     Pop.  5684  ;  of  the  township,  6807. 

Canton,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Washington  township,  about  27  miles  N.N.W.  of  New 
Albany,  and  2  miles  from  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  & 
Chicago  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
carriages  and  furniture.     Pop.  about  300. 

Canton,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  978, 
exclusive  of  Shellsburg. 

Canton,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa,  in  Bran- 
don township,  on  the  Maquoketa  River,  8  miles  N.  of  Mon- 
mouth, and  about  28  miles  S.S.W.  of  Dubuque.  It  has  a 
chair-factory  and  a  flour-mill. 

Canton,  a  post-town  of  McPherson  co.,  Kansas,  34 
miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Florence.  It  has  3  churches,  2 
banks,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  900. 

Canton,  a  village  in  Kenton  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Kentucky 
Central  Railroad,  14  miles  S.  of  Covington.    , 

Canton,  a  post- village  of  Trigg  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  east 
bank  of  the  Cumberland  River,  about  46  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Paducah.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  a  flour-mill,  and 
a  saw-mill.     Pop.  320. 

Canton,  a  post-village  of  Oxford  oo.,  Me.,  in  Canton 
township,  on  the  Poutland  <fc  Oxford  Central  Railroad,  30 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Lewiston.  It  has  an  academy  and  sev- 
eral mills.  The  townphip  is  traversed  by  the  Androscoggin 
River,  and  has  3  churches.     Pop.  984. 

Canton,  a  station  in  the  city  of  Baltimore,  Md.,  on  the 
Philadelphia,  Wilmington  <fc  Baltimore  Railroad,  about  2 
miles  E.  of  the  initial  station  at  Baltimore.  It  has  exten- 
sive wharves  and  warehouses,  owned  chiefly  by  the  Caatoi) 


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Cwnpiuiy,  and  la  connected  by  the  Union  Railroad  with  the 
principal  depot*  in  the  city. 

Canton,  a  poat-rilia);e  of  Norfollc  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Neponoet  Kircr,  which  atTords  water-power,  and  on  the 
Providence  division  of  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  at  the 
Junction  of  the  Stoughton  Branch,  14  miles  S.  of  Boston. 
It  has  0  churches,  a  national  and  a  co-operative  bank,  a  high 
school,  a  savinics-bunk,  and  tnanufucturcs  of  sheet  copper, 
cotton  goods,  machinery,  bar  iron,  woollen  jackets,  axles, 
oil>cloth,  prints,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  in  1890,  4538. 

Canton*  sometimes  called  Sheldon,  a  post-hamlet  in 
Canton  township,  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  22  miles  by  rail  W. 
of  Detroit.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  100. 

Canton,  a  post-village  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn.,  16  miles 
8.  by  E.  of  Preston.     Pop.  260. 

Canton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Madison  co..  Miss., 
on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad,  25  miles 
K.N.E.  of  Jackson,  and  89  miles  S.  of  Grenada.  It  has  a 
bank  and  8  churches.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished here.     Pop.  196.3. 

Canton,  the  largest  town  of  Lewis  oo..  Mo.,  is  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis,  Keokuk  &  North- 
western Railroad,  about  20  miles  above  Quincy,  III.,  22 
miles  S.  of  Keokuk,  and  142  miles  above  St.  Louis.  It  con- 
toins  11  churches,  2  banks,  a  graded  school,  and  a  college, 
entitled  "  Christian  University ;"  also  flouring-mills,  a 
planing-mill,  a  large  lumber-mill,  &o.  Two  newspapers 
are  published  here.     Pop.  2241. 

Canton,  a  post-ofiSce  of  Meagher  oo.,  Montana. 

Canton,  a  post-village  of  Salem  co.,  N.  J.,  9  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Salem.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  100. 

Canton,  a  village  of  Onondaga  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie 
Canal,  and  New  York  Central  Railroad,  at  Memphis  Station, 
12  miles  W.  of  Syracuse.  The  name  of  its  post-oflSce  is 
Memphis.    It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory.    Pop.  22.3. 

Canton,  a  post-township  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  is 
intersected  by  Grass  River.  It  contains  besides  Canton, 
the  county  town,  the  villages  of  Morley  and  Rensselaer 
Falls.  It  has  12  churches,  and  manufactures  of  leather, 
flour,  boats,  and  lumber,  and  produces  much  butter  and 
cheese  of  superior  quality.     Pop.  6096. 

Canton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  St.  Lawrence  co., 
N.Y.,  is  in  Canton  township,  on  Grass  River,  and  on  the 
Rome,  Watertown  A  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  69  miles  N.E. 
of  Watertown,  and  18  miles  E.S.E.  of  Ogdensburg.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house,  6  churches,  2  banks,  the  Canton  union 
school,  and  the  St.  Lawrence  University  (Universalist), 
which  was  founded  in  1856  and  has  a  library  of  1200  vol- 
umes. Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Canton 
has  extensive  steam  saw-mills,  a  boat-factory,  <tc.  Pop. 
2580. 

Canton,  a  city  and  the  capital  of  Stark  co.,  0.,  is  finely 
situated  on  Nimishillen  Creek,  69  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of 
Cleveland,  101  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  and  8 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Massillon.  Canton  has  250  manufacturing 
industries,  among  them  a  watch-  and  watch-case-factory, 
employing  about  3000  hands,  a  large  manufactory  of 
agricultural  implements,  brick-works,  with  an  output  of 
100,000,000  bricks  a  year,  and  iron-  and  steel-  roofing- 
works.  It  also  contains  23  churches,  3  daily  and  5  weekly 
newspaper  offices,  7  banks,  and  manufactures  of  safes, 
ploughs,   surgical   chairs,   soap,    malleable   iron,   baking- 

fowder,  <tc.  Here  also  are  found  the  works  of  the  Wrought- 
ron  Bridge  Co.  and  the  Canton  Steel-Works.  Much 
bituminous  coal  is  shipped  here.  The  other  chief  articles 
of  export  are  wheat,  maize,  and  oats.  Pop.  in  1860,  4041 ; 
in  1870,  8660;  in  1880,  12,258;  in  1890,  26,189. 

Canton,  a  post-borough  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  in  Canton 
township,  40  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  from  Williamsport,  and 
38  miles  S.  of  Elmira,  N.Y.  It  has  a  bank,  6  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  a  foundry,  a  roller-mill, 
2  lumber-,  2  planing-,  and  2  flouring-mills.  Minnequa 
Springs,  a  summer  resort,  and  Alba  are  in  Canton  township. 
Pop.  1393;  of  the  township,  1835. 

Canton,  a  township  of  Washington  co..  Pa.    Pop.  592. 

Canton,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Lincoln  co.,  S.D.,  on 
the  Big  Sioux  River,  71  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Sioux  City, 
Iowa.  It  has  7  churches,  4  banks,  a  college  (Lutheran), 
and  excellent  graded  schools.  Three  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.     Pop.  1101.  • 

Canton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Van  Zandt  co.,  Tex., 
about  90  miles  W.  of  Marshall,  and  58  miles  E.S.E.  of  Dal- 
las.    It  has  a  church  and  3  stores.     Pop.  about  600. 

Canton,  a  post-bamlet  of  Marion  oo.,  W.  Va.,  4i  miles 
E.  of  Fairmont. 

Canton,  a  post- village  in  Durham  co.,  Ontario,  5  miles 
from  Port  Hope.     Pop.  200. 


Canton,  Middlesex  oo.,  Ontario.     See  Casiimerb. 

Canton,  Ontario  co.,  Ontario.     Soo  Pickkuino. 

Canton  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hartford  co.,  Conn- 
in  Canton  township,  about  16  miles  N.W.  of  Hartford.  H 
has  a  church. 

Canton  Island,  or  Mary  Island,  in  the Pucifio (lot. 
of  N.  point,  2°  44'  36"  S.,  Ion.  171°  42'  W.),  is  a  large,  low 
atoll,  reported  to  contain  much  guano;  but  the  quality  it 
not  good.     It  is  uninhabited. 

Can'tonment,  a  station  in  Escambia  co.,  Fla.,  on  ths 
Pensacola  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  railroad  to  Mus- 
cogee Mills,  15  miles  N.  of  Pensacola. 

Canton  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  in 
Canton  township,  on  the  Androscoggin  River,  C6  miles  N. 
of  Portland. 

Canton   River    (Chinese,  Choo-Kiang,    or    "Pear! 
River"),  of  China,  is  the  lower  part  of  the  Pe-Kiang,  wlii 
has  a  navigable  course  for  300  miles  farther  inland,  tliron 
the  provinces  of  Quang-Tong  and  Kiang-See,  in  China,  a 
is  joined  about  4  miles  W.  of  Canton  by  a  branch  from  tlieiji-  i 
Kiang:  opposite  Canton  it  is  as  wide  as  the  Thames  at  London  1 
Bridge,  equally  crowded  with  shipping,  and  deep  enough 
for  ships  of  1000  tons'  burden ;  but  foreign  ships  (except 
steamers)  come  up  only  as  far  as  Whampoa,  about  15  milcf 
lower,  loading  and  unloading  by  means  of  native  boats.   At 
about  40  miles  below  Canton  it  is  called  the  Boca  Tigris, 
and  widens  there  into  a  large  estuary,  termed  the  "  Outer 
Waters."     All  around  and  below  Canton  it  forms  a  inulti- 
tude  of  islands,  including  IIo-Nan,   Whampoa,  French, 
Dane,   Junk,   Tycocktow,    An-Ung-Hoy,  Chuen-Pee,   and 
Tiger  Island,  on  which  great  quantities  of  rice  are  grown 
and  numerous  forts  are  placed.     See  Boca  Tigiiis. 

Canterbury,  the  French  for  Canterbury. 

Cantoria,  kin-to're-&,  atownof  Spain,  34  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Almeria,  on  the  Almanzor.  It  has  manufactures  of  wool- 
len stuflts.     Pop.  2624. 

Can'tral  I,  a  post-village  of  Sangamon  co.,  111.,  in  Fancy 
Creek  township,  on  the  Springfield  <fc  Northwestern  Hail- 
road,  10  miles  N.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a  church,  a  grain- 
elevator,  and  a  manufactory  of  farm-implements.  Pop.  200. 

Cantrelle,  kinHrel',  a  hamlet  of  St.  James  parish,  La., 
is  on  or  near  the  Mississippi  River,  i  mile  from  St.  James 
Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Can'treli's  Cross  Roads,  a  hamlet  of  McMinn  co., 
Tenn.,  8  miles  S.E.  from  Athens.     It  has  a  church. 

Can'tril,  a  post- village  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Jackson  township,  on  the  Burlington  A  Southwestern  Rail- 
road, 64  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Burlington.  It  has  3  churcbes, 
a  bank,  a  public  school,  Ac.     Pop.  356. 

Cantuaria,  the  ancient  name  of  Canterbury. 

Canturio,  kin-too're-o,  or  Cantu,  k&n-too',  a  town 
of  Italy,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Como.     Pop.  2345. 

Cantyre,  a  peninsula  of  Scotland.     See  Kintyre, 

Canunia,  ki-noo-mi',  a  lake  of  Brazil,  province  of 
Pard,  connected  with  the  Amazon.  Lat.  (N.  end)  2°  30' 
S. ;  Ion.  58°  45'  W.     It  is  30  miles  long  by  10  miles  broad. 

Canura,  the  ancient  name  of  Cananore. 

Canusium.    See  Canosa. 

Can'vey  Island,  a  low  island  of  England,  co.  of  Essex, 
in  the  Thames,  30  miles  below  London.     Area,  240  acres. 

Can'ville,  a  township  of  Neosho  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Neosho  River,  about  40  miles  W.S.W.  of  Fort  Scott.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Leavenworth,  Lawrence  A  Galveston 
Railroad.     Pop.  1103. 

Cany,  ki'nee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-Inferieure.  40 
miles  N.W.  of  Rouen.  It  has  manufactures  of  linen,  cot- 
ton, yarn,  and  oil.     Pop.  1870. 

Ca'ny  HoI'low,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Va.,  35  miles 
N.  of  Rogersville  Station,  Tenn.     It  has  a  graded  school. 

Canyon  City.    See  Canon  City. 

Canyon  (kin'yon)  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Lewis  and 
Clarke  co.,  Montana. 

Canyon  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Meagher  co.,  Mont<ina, 
on  the  Missouri,  100  miles  above  the  Great  Falls. 

Can'yonville,  a  village  of  Douglas  co.,  Oregon,  27 
miles  S.  of  Roseburg.  It  has  a  church,  2  hotels,  3  stores, 
2  flour-mills,  and  2  lumber-mills.  Here  is  North  Canyonville 
Post-Office,  which  name  is  now  often  applied  to  the  village. 

Canzano,  kin-z&'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  6  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Teramo.     Pop.  1901. 

Canzo,  kin'zo,  a  town  of  Italy,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Como, 
with  many  silk-manufactories.     Pop.  1912. 

Caorle,  k4-0R'lA,  an  island  and  village  in  the  Adriatic, 
29  miles  N.E.  of  Venice.     Pop.  2719. 

Caorso,  ki-on'so,  a  village  of  Italy,  10  miles  E.  of 
Piacenza,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Chiavcnna  and  Zeno^ 
affluents  of  the  Po.    Pop.  3307. 


CAP 


785 


CAP 


Ca'pac,  a  post-village  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  in  Mus- 
gey  township,  20  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Lapeer,  and  26  miles 
W.  by  N.  from  Port  Huron.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a 
graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  flouring-mill,  2  planing- 
mills,  a  foundry,  dye-works,  wagon-shops,  <tc.     Pop.  700, 

Capaccio,  k3,-pS.t'cho,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
25  miles  S.E.  of  Salerno,  near  the  ruins  of  Pseetum.  Pop. 
3945.  It  is  the  residence  of  a  bishop,  whose  cathedral  is 
at  OKI  Capaccio,  a  village  2i  miles  N.N.W. 

Cap  and  But'ton  Isles,  two  small  isles  in  the  Strait 
of  Sunda;  the  one  in  hit.  5°  58'  S.,  Ion.  105°  48'  E.,  the 
other  in  lat.  5°  49'  S.,  Ion.  105°  48'  E. 

Capaiinoli,  ki-pAn-no'lee,  a  village  of  Italy,  16  miles 
S.E.  of  Pisa.     Pop.  3110. 

Capannori,  ki-pin-no'ree,  a  town  of  Italy,  5  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Lucca.     Pop.  2467. 

Cap'ark,  a  post-hamlet  of  Newton  co.,  Ark.,  19  miles 
(direct)  S.W.  of  Jasper.     It  has  2  churches,  <te. 

Capay,  ki-pi'  a  post-hamlet  of  Yolo  co.,  Cal.,  10  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Rumsey,  and  20  miles  (direct)  N.W.  of 
Woodland.    It  has  a  church  and  a  public  school.    Pop.  150. 

Capbern,  kip'bainn',  or  Capvern,  klpVaiRn',  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  in  Ilautes- Pyrenees,  on  a  railway,  8  miles 
E.N.E.  of  BagnSres,  with  sulphur  springs.     Pop.  783. 

Cap  Chat,  kip  shi,  or  Cape  Chatte,  shit,  a  post- 
village  and  parish  in  Gaspe  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  S.  shore  of 
the  St.  Lawrence,  48  miles  from  Matane.  It  forms  the  ex- 
treme N.W.  of  the  district  of  Gasp6,  and  has  a  revolving 
light.     Lat.  49°  5'  50"  N. ;  Ion.  66°  45'  50"  W.     Pop.  930. 

Cap  de  la  Magdeleine,  kilp  d§h  li  mlgM^h-line',  a 
post-village  in  Champlain  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  N.  shore  of 
the  St.  Lawrence,  81  miles  above  Quebec.     Pop.  200. 

Capdenac,  k4pM?h-nik',  atown  of  France,  department 
of  Lot,  on  a  railway,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Figeac.     Pop.  1602. 

Cap  des  Rosiers,  kip  di  ro^ze-i',  a  post-village 
and  parish  in  Gasp6  co.,  Quebec,  between  Gasp6  Bay  and 
the  St.  Lawrence,  19  miles  from  Gaspe.     Pop.  714. 

Cape.  For  all  Capes  not  undermentioned,  see  their  re- 
tpective  names. 

Cape  Abcheran,  in  Russia.     See  Cape  Apsheron. 

Cape  Ac'worth,  in  the  AV.  part  of  Prince  of  Wales 
Land,  N.  of  Osborne  Bay.     Lat.  72°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  103°  45'  W. 

Cape  A'den,  a  rocky  peninsula  on  the  S.  coast  of  Ara- 
bia, rises  to  1776  feet  in  height,  stretches  into  the  ocean  5 
miles,  varying  in  breadth  from  2  to  3i  miles,  is  connected 
with  the  mainland  by  a  sandy  isthmus  }  of  a  mile  broad, 
and  has  a  harbor  on  either  side,  both  good,  especially  that 
on  the  N.W. 

Cape  Agrakhan,  J.-gri-KS.n',  in  the  N.E.  part  of 
Georgia,  on  the  Caspian  Sea.  It  forms  the  E.  boundary  of 
the  Gulf  of  Agrakhan.     Lat.  43°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  48°  10'  E. 

Cape  Agulhas,  i-gool'yis  {i.e.,  "Cape  Needles"),  on 
the  S.  coast  of  Africa,  E.  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope.  'This 
is  the  most  southern  point  of  Africa.  Lat.  34°  51'  30"  S. ; 
Ion.  19°  56'  30"  E. 

Cape  Aia,  i'yl,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Russia,  extending 
Into  the  Black  Sea.     Lat.  44°  25'  N. ;  Ion.  33°  35'  E. 

Cape  Airy,  i'ree,  the  S.W.  part  of  Cornwallis  Land,  in 
the  Arctic  Ocean.     Lat.  74°  55'  N. ;  Ion.  96°  50'  W. 

Cape  Al'bert,  in  the  E.  part  of  Ellesmere  Land,  on 
Smith's  Sound.     Lat.  79°  20'  N.;  Ion.  78°  W. 

Cape  Alexan'der,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Canada,  at  the 
entrance  of  Dease  Strait.   Lat.  68°  55'  N. ;  Ion.  106°  45'  W. 

Cape  Al'fred,  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Victoria  Land,  on 
Victoria  Strait.     Lat.  69°  40'  N.;  Ion.  101°  20'  W. 

Cape  Alice,  il'iss,  on  the  coast  of  Calabria,  on  the 
Gulf  of  Taranto.     Lat.  39°  25'  N. ;  Ion.  17°  15'  E. 

Cape  Am'ber(Ambre,  im'b^r,  or  Am'bro),  the  N. 
extremity  of  Madagascar.     Lat.  11°  57'  S. ;  Ion.  49°  19'  E. 

Cape  Ambriz,  im-breez',  on  the  W.  coast  of  Africa. 
Lat.  8°  2'  S.;  Ion.  13°  10'  E. 

Cape  Anamoor  (or  Anamonr),  i-ni-moor',  a  head- 
land of  Asia  Minor.     Lat.  36°  1'  N.;  Ion.  32°  50'  E. 

Cape  An'derson,  the  E.  point  of  the  island  of  St. 
Lawrence,  at  the  entrance  of  Behring  Strait.  Lat.  63°  N.  j 
Ion.  168°  30'  W. 

Cape  Anguilla,  an-gwil'la,  on  the  coast  of  Newfound- 
land.    Lat.  47°  64'  N. ;  Ion.  59°  17'  W. 

Cape  Aniva,  i^ne-vi',  on  the  S.  coast  of  Saghalin,  E. 
of  the  Bay  of  Aniva.     Lat.  46°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  144°  20'  E. 

Cape  Ann,  the  E.  extremity  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  31 
miles  N.E.  by  E.  of  Boston.  Thatcher's  Island,  about  2 
miles  E.  of  the  southern  point,  forms  the  northern  limit  of 
Massachusetts  Bay.  On  it  are  2  fixed  lights,  about  a  third 
of  a  mile  apart,  and  90  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Lat. 
42°  38'  18"  N. ;  Ion.  70°  34'  42"  W.  On  this  promontory 
are  the  towns  of  Gloucester  and  Rookport. 


Cape  Anne,  the  N.W  extremity  of  North  Somerset,  at 
the  entrance  of  Peel  Sound.     Lat.  74°  5'  N. ;  Ion.  95°  W. 

Cape  Apolionia,  ap-ol-lo'ne-a,  written  also  Appo> 
lo'nia,  in  Africa,  on  the  coast  of  Guinea.  Lat.  4°  68' 
45"  N. ;  Ion.  2°  35'  5"  W. 

Cape  Apsheron,  ip'she-r6n'  (or  Abcheran),  in  the 
E.  part  of  Georgia,  on  the  Caspian  Sea.  Lat.  40°  32'  N. ; 
Ion.  50°  12'  E. 

Cape  Ar'ago,  formerly  Cape  Greg'ory,  Oregon,  is 
on  the  Pacific,  in  Coos  co.,  lat.  43°  21'  N.,  Ion.  124°  20'  W. 
Capo  Arago  light  is  on  an  island  joined  to  the  cape  by  a 
bridge. 

Cape  Armi,  aR'mee  (It.  Capo  dell'  Armi,  kl'po  d611 
an'mee),  a  headland  of  Italy,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Calabria. 
Lat.  37°  57'  N. ;  Ion.  15°  40'  E. 

Cape  Arn'hem,  in  Australia,  the  N.W.  point  of  the 
Gulf  of  Carpentaria.     Lat.  12°  17'  S. ;  Ion.  137°  E. 

Cape  Ar'rowsmith,  a  headland  of  Australia,  on  the 
W.  shore  of  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria.  Lat.  13°  15'  S. ;  Ion. 
136°  32'  E. 

Cape  Arruba  (orArubah),  ar'roo-bi,  on  the  S.  coast 
of  Persia.     Lat.  25°  8'  N. ;  Ion.  04°  30'  E. 

Cape  Baba,  bi'bi,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Anatolia.  Lat. 
39°  29'  N. ;  Ion.  26°  4'  E. 

Cape  Bab-el-Mandeb,  bib-el-min'ddb  (formerly 
Jehel-Manhali,  jfib'§l-min^h4Mee'),  on  the  N.  side  of  the 
Strait  of  Bab-el-Mandeb,  is  a  conical,  basaltic  rock,  865  feet 
in  height.  Lat.  12°  41'  N. ;  Ion.  43°  32'  E.  Soundings  in 
North  Strait,  8,  12,  and  16  fathoms;  Centre  Strait,  178  and 
185  fathoms.  The  passage  of  North  Strait,  in  ordinary 
weather,  is  generally  preferred.     See  Bab-el-Mandeb. 

Cape  Bainetta,  bi-njt'ti,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Ilayti, 
near  a  village  of  the  same  name. 

Cape  Bajadore.    See  Cape  Bojador. 

Cape  Banks,  in  Eastern  Australia,  at  the  N.  entrance 
to  Botany  Bay. 

Cape  Barbas,  ban'bis,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Africa. 
Lat.  22°  15'  N.;  Ion.  16°  40'  W. 

Cape  (or  Ras)  Bardistan,  baR^dis-t&n',  on  the  coast 
of  Persia,  in  the  Persian  Gulf. 

Cape  Barfleur,  ban^flun',  on  the  coast  of  France,  IS 
miles  E.  of  Cherbourg.  On  it  is  a  granite  light-house,  271 
feet  above  the  sea.     Lat.  49°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  1°  16'  W. 

Cape  Ba'ring,  in  the  N.AV.  part  of  Wollaston  Land,  at 
the  entrance  of  Russell  Gulf.     Lat.  70°  N. ;  Ion.  1 17°  20'  W. 

Cape  Bar'roAV,  in  the  N.  part  of  British  America,  on 
the  Arctic  Ocean.     Lat.  68°  5'  N. ;  Ion.  111°  AV. 

Cape  Bath'urst,  in  British  America,  on  the  Arctio 
Ocean.     Lat.  70°  3V  N. ;  Ion.  127°  30'  W. 

Cape  B6arn,b4^aR',  a  promontory  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Pyrdnees-Orientales,  on  the  Mediterranean.  Lat. 
42°  31'  N. ;  Ion.  3°  7'  30"  E.  Its  summit  is  Mount  B6arn, 
on  which  is  a  light-house  751  feet  above  sea-level. 

Cape  Beata,  bi-i'ti,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Hayti.  Lat. 
17°  42'  N. ;  Ion.  71°  20'  W. 

Cape  Beaufort,  bo'fprt,  a  headland  of  Alaska.  Lat. 
69°  N. ;  Ion.  163°  AV. 

Cape  Berkeley,  b?rk'le,  the  N.AV.  point  of  Prince 
of  Wales  Land.     Lat.  about  74°  N. ;  Ion.  102°  AV. 

Cape  Bianco,  be-in'ko  (i.e.,  "  AVhite"  Cape),  on  the 
S.  coast  of  Sicily.     Lat.  35°  28'  N.;  Ion.  13°  15'  E. 

Cape  Bianco,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Corsica,  a  little  AV, 
of  Cape  Corso.     Lat.  42°  68'  N. ;  Ion.  9°  18'  E. 

Cape  Bianco,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Corfu.  Lat.  39°  20' 
N.;  Ion.  20°  10'  E. 

Cape  Bianco,  a  headland  on  the  S.AAT.  coast  of  Cyprus 
Lat.  34°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  32°  41'  E. 

Cape  Bird,  the  S.  extremity  of  North  Somerset,  on 
Victoria  Strait.     Lat.  71°  53'  N.;  Ion.  95°  AV. 

Cape  Bis'marck,  a  promontory  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Greenland,     iat.  76°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  17°  10'  AV. 

Cape  Blanco,  blin'ko  {i.e.,  "AVhite"  Cape),  a  name 
applied  to  many  headlands,  of  which  the  following  are  some 
of  the  most  important : 

Cape  Blanco,  a  headland  of  Syria,  on  the  coast  of  the 
Mediterranean.     Lat.  33°  12'  N.;  Ion.  35°  10'  E. 

Cape  Blanco,  on  the  coast  of  Anatolia,  in  the  Medi- 
terranean.    Lat.  38°  14'  N. ;  Ion.  26°  18'  E. 

Cape  Blanco,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Tunis.  Lat.  37°  20' 
N. ;  Ion.  9°  50'  E. 

Cape  Blanco,  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  island  of  Majorca. 
Lat.  39°  21'  N.;  Ion.  2°  52'  E. 

Cape  Blanco,  in  the  W.  part  of  Sahara,  Africa,  on  the 
Atlantic.  Lat.  20°  47'  N. ;  Ion.  16°  58'  AV.  It  is,  next  to 
Cape  A''erd,  the  westernmost  point  of  Africa. 

Cape  Blanco,  on  the  AV.  coast  of  Morocco.  Lat.  33<* 
6'  N. ;  Ion.  8°  40'  AV. 


CAP 


78G 


tJAP 


Cape  Blanco  (or  Or'ford),  a  lofljr  headland,  the 
Westornntoiit  point  of  Oregon,  in  Curry  ou.  Lat.  42°  60'  N.; 
kn.  ab(>ut  124°  32'  W.     It  has  a  light-house. 

Cape  Blanco,  on  the  coast  of  Peru.  Lat.  4°  19'  S.; 
Ion.  81°  W. 

Cape  Blanco,  on  the  coast  of  Costa  Rica,  in  the  Pacific 
Ooenn.     Ijit.  about  9°  20'  N.;  Ion.  86°  6'  W. 

('ape  Blanco,  or  Cape  San  Jorge,  s&n  noR'hd,  on 
the  E.  coast  of  PaUgonia.     Lat.  47°  S.;  Ion.  66°  W. 

Cape  Blanco  de  Santa  Maria,  bl&n'l<o  di.  8&n't& 
Di&-rco'Jl,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Lower  California.  Lat.  29° 
28'  N.;  Ion.  115°  20'  W. 

Cape  Boeo,  bo-A'o  (ano.  Lilyhx'um  Promonto'rium), 
the  W.  point  of  Sicily,  about  1  mile  W.  of  Marsala.  Lat. 
37°  48'  10"  N.;  Ion.  12°  25'  10"  E.  This  cape,  being  the 
point  of  Sicily  nearest  to  ancient  Carthago,  early  became  a 
naval  station,  and  near  it  was  fought  a  naval  battle  between 
the  Romans  and  Carthaginians,  241  n.c.,  when  the  victory 
gained  by  the  former  put  an  end  to  the  first  Punic  War. 

Cape  Bojador,  Doj-a-dor',  or  Boxeador,  bo-iiLi- 
dSit',  in  the  island  of  Luzon,  20  miles  from  its  N.  extremity, 
in  about  Int.  18°  .'}2'  N.,  Ion.  120°  39'  E. 

Cape  Bojador,  boj-a-dOr'  (Port.  pron.  bozh-l-dou'), 
a  bold  headland  of  Western  Africa,  the  termination  of  a 
range  of  the  Atlas  Mountoins,  in  lat.  26°  7'  N.,  Ion,  14°  29' 
W.    For  False  Cape  Bojador,  see  Cape  False. 

Cape  Bolinao,  bo-lin-i'o,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Luzon. 
Lat.  about  16°  27'  N.;  Ion.  119°  30'  E. 

Cape  Bolt'head,  England,  a  southern  point  of  the 
county  of  Devon.     Lat.  50°  13'  N. ;  Ion.  3°  49'  W. 

Cape  Bo'lus  Head,  Ireland,  on  the  W.  side  of  the 
entrance  into  Ballinaskelligs  Bay.     Lat.  51°  48'  N. 

Cape  Bon,  or  Ras- Adder,  ris-ld'der,  the  northern- 
most point  of  Africa,  on  the  Mediterranean,  58  miles  N.E. 
of  Tunis.     Lat.  37°  4'  N. ;  Ion.  10°  53'  E. 

Cape  Bonavis'ta,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Newfoundland, 
forming  the  S.E.  limit  of  a  bay  of  the  same  name.  Lat. 
48°  42'  N. :  Ion.  53°  8'  W. 

Cape  Borak,  Celebes.    See  Boolekomba  Point. 

Cape  Boruca,  bo-roo'ki,  on  the  Pacific,  near  the 
boundary  between  Costa  Rica  and  the  United  States  of 
Colombia.     Lat.  8°  24'  N. ;  Ion.  88°  55'  W. 

Cape  Bougainville,  boo^giN»Veel'  or  boo*gan-viir, 
on  the  N.W.  coast  of  Australia,  N.E.  of  Admiralty  Gulf. 
Lat.  13°  52'  S.;  Ion.  126°  12'  E. 

Cape  Bougainville,  a  headland  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Tasmania,  forming  the  W.  entrance  to  Oyster  Bay.  Lat.  42° 
SO'  S. :  Ion.  148°  E. 

Cape  Bourbon,  boor'bgn,  theS.W.  point  of  Eerguelen 
Land.     Lat.  49°  32'  S. ;  Ion.  68°  35'  E. 

Cape  Bowden, bo'd?n,  in  the  W.partof  North  Devon, 
•n  Wellington  Channel.     Lat.  75°  N. ;  Ion.  92°  15'  W. 

Cape  Boxeador,  in  Luzon.    See  Cape  Bojador. 

Cape  Breton,  brit'ton  or  brit'un,  a  county  of  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  island  of  Cape  Breton,  bounded  on  the  S. 
and  E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  Area,  2022  square  miles,  a 
largo  part  of  which  is  covered  with  beds  of  coal.  Capital, 
Sydney.     Pop.  26,454. 

Cape  Breton,  an  island  at  the  eastern  extremity  of 
Nova  Scotia,  mostly  between  lat.  45°  and  47°  5'  N.  and  Ion. 
60°  and  61°  30'  W.  It  is  separated  from  the  mainland  by 
the  narrow  Gut  of  Canso.  E.xtreme  length  from  north  to 
south,  100  miles;  extreme  breadth,  85  miles;  area,  3120 
square  miles.  The  first  settlement  in  this  island  (which 
was  united  under  the  same  government  with  Nova  Scotia 
in  1819)  was  made  in  1712  by  the  French,  who  fortified 
Louisburg.  In  1745  the  English  captured  Louisburg.  By 
the  treaty  of  Aix-la-Chapelle,  in  1748,  Cape  Breton  was 
restored  to  France,  but  it  was  soon  after  finally  attached 
to  the  British  possessions.  The  island  is  very  irregularly 
shaped,  and  is  greatly  indented  with  bays.  An  inlet,  called 
Bri»  d'Or,  entering  Cape  Breton  on  the  east,  renders  every 
part  of  its  interior  accessible  by  water ;  and  a  ship-canal, 
naif  a  mile  in  length,  from  the  Bras  d'Or  to  St.  Peter's  Bay, 
now  bisects  the  island.  The  two  divisions  thus  created  are 
in  striking  contrast,  the  northern  portion  being  high,  bold, 
and  steep,  while  the  south  is  low,  intersected  by  numerous 
inlets,  and  diversified  with  moderate  elevations.  The  north- 
em  division,  at  its  termination  in  North  Cape,  rises  to  the 
height  of  1800  feet.  The  Bras  d'Or  Lake  is  50  miles  in 
length  and  20  miles  in  breadth ;  its  depth  of  water  varies 
from  12  to  60  fathoms,  and  it  is  very  secure  and  navigable. 
The  climate  is  not  so  rigorous  as  that  on  the  adjoining  con- 
tinent. Maize  and  other  grains  are  raised,  but  the  corn 
produced  is  insuflScient  for  home  consumption.  Marble, 
granite,  limestone,  primitive  slates,  gypsum,  salt,  and  coal 
ftre  found,  the  latter  in  abundance  and  of  a  superior  quality. 


The  coal  deposits  of  Cape  Breton  occupy  not  less  than  120 
square  miles.  Short  railways  connect  the  coal-mines  with 
the  port  of  Sydney.  There  are  also  rich  depositii  of  iron 
ore.  Cape  Breton  has  long  been  colebnitcd  for  its  fiHheriet, 
The  forests  furnish  large  quantities  of  o.xcollont  sliij). tim- 
ber, and  ship-building  constitutes  an  important  and  lucra- 
tive business. 

Capo  Breton  is  divided  into  4  counties, — Richmond,  In- 
vorness,  Victoria,  and  Cape  Breton, — and  sends  eight 
members  to  the  Provincial  Legislature,  and  five  to  the 
House  of  Commons.  Pop.  in  1891,  86,794.  A  headland 
on  the  cost  coast  of  the  island  is  called  Cape  Breton. 

Cape  Brett,  brdt,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Now  Zealand, 
forming  the  N.E.  point  of  the  Bay  of  Islands.  Lat.  35°  10' 
S,;  Ion.  174°  22'  E. 

Cape  Broyle,  broil,  a  large  fishing  settlement  in  the 
district  of  Ferryland,  Newfoundland,  on  the  strait  shore,  33 
miles  S.  of  St.  John's.     Pop.  405. 

Cape  Bnl'len,  the  southernmost  point  of  North  Devon, 
in  Lancaster  Sound.     Lat.  74°  25'  N. ;  Ion.  85°  W. 

Cape  Bnrela,  boo-rd'll,  a  headland  on  the  N.  coast  of 
Galicia,  in  Spain,  extending  into  the  Bay  of  Biscay. 

Cape  Buzo,  bood'zo  (anc.  Provionloriinn  Voryntm  f), 
the  N.W.  extremity  of  the  island  of  Crete.  Lat.  about  35' 
38'  N. ;  Ion.  23°  35'  E. 

Cape  By'am  Mar'tin,  the  N.E.  extremity  of  Cock« 
burn  Land.     Lat.  73°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  77°  AV. 

Cape  Cabaleria  (or  Cavaleria),  ki-vil-li-rce'i,  a 
promontory  on  the  N.  coast  of  Minorca.  Lat.  40°  5'  N,; 
Ion.  4°  12'  E. 

Cape  Cabron,  k&bron',  the  N.E.  point  of  the  penin- 
sula or  island  of  Saniana,  in  the  West  Indies. 

Cape  Caccia,  k&t'chJl,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Sardinia,  18 
miles  from  Alghero. 

Cape  Caglia,  Greece.    See  Cape  Matapan. 

Cape  Calvi,  kdl'vee,  a  high  barren  mountain  on  the 
N.  coast  of  Corsica.     Lat.  42°  41'  N. ;  Ion.  8°  42'  E. 

Cape  Camaron,  k&-m&-rr>n',  on  the  N.  coast  of  Hon« 
duras.     Lat.  16°  N. ;  Ion.  85°  W. 

Cape  Cambodia,  kim-bo'de-a,  the  S.  extremity  of 
Cambodia,  in  the  Gulf  of  Siam. 

Cape  Cam^eroons'  (or  Camarones,  ki-mi-ro'nJs), 
on  the  coast  of  Guinea,  is  an  island  in  the  estuary  of  the 
river  of  the  same  name,  near  lat.  4°  N.,  Ion.  9°  40'  E.  It 
was  named  by  the  Portuguese  from  the  vast  quantity  of 
shrimps  [cnmaroneg)  taken  in  the  adjacent  sea. 

Cape  Campanella,kim-pi-n5riJl,  a  headland  of  Italy, 
20  miles  S.  of  Naples,  opposite  the  island  of  Capri ;  it  bounds 
the  Gulf  of  Naples  on  the  S.E. 

Cape  Campbell,  kam'^l,  on  the  E.  coast  of  New 
Zealand.     Lat.  41°  42'  S. ;  Ion.  174°  25'  E. 

CapeCanav'eral,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Florida,  135  miles 
S.E.  by  S.  of  St.  Augustine.  The  light  is  a  revolving  one 
Lat.  28°  27'  N. ;  Ion.  80°  33'  W. 

Cape  Candy,  kan'dee,  a  headland  of  the  island  of 
Celebes,  on  the  N.  coast. 

Cape  Canso  (Cansean),  kan'sS,  the  E.  extremity 
of  Nova  Scotia  (mainland).     Lat.  45°  17'  N. ;  Ion.  61°  W. 

Cape  Cantin,  kin-teen',  on  the  W.  coast  of  Morocco, 
extending  into  the  Atlantic.    Lat.  32°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  9°  12'  W. 

Cape  Cap'el,  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Bathurst  Land,  in 
the  Arctic  Ocean.     Lat.  75°  N. ;  Ion.  98°  W. 

Cape  Cap'ricorn,  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Australia. 
Lat.  23°  18'  S.;  Ion.  151°  43'  E. 

Cape  Carbonaro,  kar-bo-nl'ro,  on  the  S.  coast  of 
Sardinia.     Lat.  39°  5'  N. ;  Ion.  9°  35'  E. 

Cape  Carthage,  kar'thij,  a  promontory  of  Africa,  in 
the  Mediterranean.  Lat.  36°  52'  22"  N. ;  Ion.  10°  21'  49"  E. 
Traces  of  the  celebrated  city  of  Carthage  are  found  on  the 
promontory  north  of  the  lagoon  of  Tunis. 

Cape  Carvoeiro,  kan-vo-i'e-ro,  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Portugal.     Lat.  39°  22'  N. ;  Ion.  9°  27'  W. 

Cape  Carvoeiro,  a  headland  on  the  S.  coast  of  Por- 
tugal.    Lat.  37°  7'  N.;  Ion.  8°  26'  W. 

Cape  Cataluna  (or  Catalugna),  ki-ti-loon'y4,  on 
the  N.  coast  of  Majorca.     Lat.  39°  55'  N. ;  Ion.  3°  13'  E. 

Cape  Catharine,  kath'a-rin,  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Africa,  in  the  Atlantic.     Lat.  about  2°  S. 

Cape  Catoche,  ki-to'chi,  a  headland  forming  the 
N.E.  extremity  of  Yucatan.  Lat.  21°  36'  N.;  Ion.  87°  6' 
W.  This  is  the  point  where  the  Spaniards  first  landed  on 
the  American  continent,  and  within  6  miles  of  which,  ac- 
cording to  the  authority  of  Bemal  Diaz,  they  saw  a  large 
town,  which  they  named  Grand  Cairo. 

Cape  Cavaleria.    See  Cape  Cabaleria. 

CapeCavaliere,kl-vS,-lo-i.'ri,  on  the  Mediterranean 
coast  of  Turkey.     Lat.  36°  V  30"  N.  j  Ion.  33°  43'  42"  B.' : 


CAP 


787 


CAP 


<  Cape  Caval'lo  (It.  Capo  di  Cavallo,  kS.'po  dee  ki-vil'- 
lo,  or  Coda  di  Volpe,  ko'di  dee  vol'pA ;  anc.  Cee'nya),  a 
promontory  of  Italy,  extending  into  the  Straits  of  Messina. 
Lat.  38°  U'  N.;  Ion.  15°  42'  E. 

Cape  Caxines,  ki-nee'nSs,  or  Ras-Aconada,  ris- 
l-ko-nd'dl,  written  also  Aconatter,  a  promontory  which 
forms  the  W.  point  of  the  Bay  of  Algiers.  Lat.  36°  50'  N.; 
,lon.  3°  E. 

Cape  Cebera  (or  Cevera),  s8,-vi'ri,  on  the  coast  of 
Catalonia,  being  the  most  northeasterly  land  in  Spain. 
Lat.  42°  26'  N. ;  Ion.  3°  10'  E. 

Cape  Cebera  (or  Cevera),  of  Spain,  on  the  coast  of 
Valencia,.     Lat.  37°  58'  N. ;  Ion.  0°  46'  E. 

Cape  Chapeau  Rouge,  shi^po'  roozh,  a  headland  in 
Placcnti.i  Bay,  Newfoundland.  It  is  rugged  and  precipi- 
tous, rising  to  a  height  of  about  800  feet. 

Cape  Charles,  the  southern  point  of  Northampton 
CO.,  Va.,  at  the  entrance  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  25  miles  N.N.E. 
lof  Norfolk.  The  light-house  is  N.E.  from  Cape  Charles,  on 
.'Smith's  Island.  Lat.  37°  3'  N.  Capk  Chahles  village,  the 
jterminus  of  the  New  York,  Philadelphia  <fc  Norfolk  Kail- 
Iroad,  is  220  miles  S.  of  Philadelphia.  Pop.  about  600. 
i     Cape  Charles,  on  the  northern  coast  of  Labrador,  at 

!the  entrance  of  the  Straits  of  Belle  Isle.  Lat.  62"  16'  N. 
Cape  Chatham,  chat' am,  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Aus- 
tralia. Lat.  35°  3'  S.;  Ion.  116°  35'  E. 
Cape  Chelagskoy,  che-13,g'skoi',  on  the  N.  coast  of 
iSiberia.  Lat.  70°  10'  N.;  Ion.  170°  30'  E. 
f  Cape  Chelyuskin.  See  Chelyuskin  Peninsula,  and 
JCape  Severo-Vostochkoi. 

j  Cape  Chignecto,  shig-nSk'to,  written  also  Chigni' 
iton,  a  headland  of  Nova  Scotia,  at  the  head  of  the  Bay  of 
iFundy.  Lat.  45°  24'  N. ;  Ion.  64°  37'  W. 
j  Cape  Chudleigh,  chud'lee,  a  headland  on  the  N. 
: coast  of  Labrador,  at  the  entrance  of  Hudson's  Straits. 
^Lat.  60°  12'  N. ;  Ion.  65°  25'  W. 

Cape  Church'ill,  a  headland  on  the  western  shore 
of  Hudson's  Bay.     Lat.  58°  48'  N.;  Ion.  93°  12'  W. 

Cape  Clar'eiice,  a  headland  at  the  northern  extremity 
of  Jones  Sound.     Lat.  76°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  77°  45'  W. 

Cape  Clarence,  the  N.W.  point  of  North  Somerset, 
at  the  entrance  of  Barrow  Strait.  Lat.  73°  60'  N.;  Ion, 
90°  10'  AV. 

Cape  Clear,  the  most  southern  headland  of  Ireland, 
Munster,  co.  of  Cork,  on  an  island  having  a  light-house  on 
an  abrupt  cliff,  455  feet  above  the  sea,  Lat.  51°  26'  N,  j 
Ion.  9°  29'  W. 

Cape  Clcve'Iand,  a  headland  on  the  N.W.  coast  of 
Australia,  in  lat.  19°  10'  10"  S.,  Ion.  146°  57'  56"  E. 

Cape  Coadera,  ko-i-di'ri,  a  headland  of  Venezuela. 
Lat.  10°  50'  N.;  Ion.  66°  10'  W. 

Cape  Coast  Castle,  or  Ca'bo  Cor'so,  a  town  of 

the  Gold  Coast  colony,  British  AVest  Africa,  partiv  built  on 

a  low  rocky  cape.     Lat.  5°  5'  25"  N.;  Ion.  1°  13'  38"  W. 

;  There  are  four  or  more  forts  and  a  light-house.    Most  of  the 

i  native  houses  are  very  mean  and  filthy ;  but  there  are  good 

public  and  other  buildings.     The  town  has  a  large  trade  in 

;  palm  oil,  &c.     Pop.  10,000. 

i     Cape  Cockburn,  ko'btirn,  a  headland  in  the  northern 
part  of  British  America.     Lat.  68°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  115°  W, 

Cape  Cod,  Massachusetts,  is  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  and 
is  nearly  coextensive  with  Barnstable  co.  The  term  is 
usually  applied  to  a  long,  narrow,  sandy  peninsula  which 
extends  between  the  ocean  and  Cape  Cod  Bay  and  has  a 
form  somewhat  like  a  letter  L  or  a  bended  human  arm. 
This  peninsula  is  about  65  miles  long,  and  extends  first 
eastward,  then  northward,  and  finally  curves  towards  the 
W.  On  its  extremity,  called  Race  Point,  is  a  revolving 
light,  155  feet  above  the  sea,  in  lat.  42°  3'  40"  N.,  Ion.  70° 
14'  48"  W.  Cape  Cod  contains  Y.armouth,  Barnstable, 
Truro,  Provincetown,  Ilyannis,  and  Harwich.  Province- 
town  is  on  the  extreme  point  of  the  peninsula,  116  miles  by 
rail  and  50  miles  by  steamer  E.S.E.  of  Boston. 

Cape  Colborne,  kol'burn,  is  in  the  S.  of  Victoria 
Land,  Arctic  Ocean.     Lat.  68°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  105°  10'  W. 

Cape  Colonna,  ko-lon'nS,  (i.e.,  "  column ;"  anc.  ^»'- 
nium  Promonto' rium),  the  most  southern  point  of  Attica, 
Ureece.  Lat.  37°  38'  32"  N. ;  Ion.  24°  1'  45"  E.  Its  sum- 
mit is  crowned  by  the  ruins  of  a  temple,  269  feet  above  the 
sea,  of  which  16  columns  of  white  marble  are  still  standing, 
whence  the  name  of  the  cape. 

Cape  Colonni,  ko-lon'nee,  the  southern  point  of  the 
island  of  Samos.     Lat.  37°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  26°  48'  E. 

Cape  Colony,  officially  called  The  Colony  of  the 
Cape  of  Good  Hope,  a  colony  of  Great  Britain,  form- 
ing the  southernmost  part  of  the  continent  of  Africa.  Area 
fif  oolony  proper,  199,406  square  miles.     It  is  divided  into 


an  eastern  and  a  western  division.  Besides  the  above 
there  are  several  extensive  and  irregular  outlying  divisions, 
such  as  Transkei  (including  Fingoland),  Griquaiand  West, 
Griqualand  East,  Tembuland,  the  St.  John's  River  Terri- 
tory, etc.,  giving  the  colony  an  area,  as  estimated  in 
1891,  of  221,311  square  miles,  exclusive  of  the  districts 
of  Basutoland,  Stellaland,  Pondoland,  and  other  regions  to 
the  north,  which  are  protectorates,  rather  than  parts  of 
the  colony.  The  Transvaal,  now  the  South  African  Re- 
public, is  independent  of  the  Cape  Colony,  The  Cape 
region,  settled  by  the  Dutch  in  1652,  passed  in  1806 
into  British  possession.  Its  white  inhabitants  are  mainly 
of  Dutch  descent,  but  many  English,  Germans,  and  French 
have  settled  here.  The  natives  (Hottentots,  Bushmen,  Kaf- 
fres,  Negroes,  and  Bechuanas)  are  a  majority.  There  are  also 
many  people  of  Malay  and  mixed  descent.  The  country  is 
of  diversified  aspect,  and  is  fertile,  except  where  droughts 
prevail:  these,  however,  are  common,  and  in  the  far  north 
give  the  land  a  desert  character.  Thorny  shrubs,  heaths, 
and  bulbous  flowering  plants  abound,  and  constitute  a 
marked  feature  of  the  vegetation.  The  climate,  especially 
southward,  is  generally  agreeable. 

Among  the  native  animals  are  lions,  buffaloes,  antelopes 
of  many  species,  the  giraffe,  the  zebra,  the  quagga,  the 
dauw,  the  hyrax,  the  elephant,  the  rhinoceros,  the  hip- 
popotamus, the  ostrich  (now  largely  bred  for  its  plumes), 
and  the  secretary-bird;  but  many  of  these  are  now  rare. 

The  sovereign  of  Great  Britain  appoints  the  governor  of 
this  colony,  and  has  a  veto  on  its  legislation.  The  govern- 
ment is  otherwise  purely  representative.  Cumulative  voting 
is  allowed  at  elections.  The  Roman  or  civil  law  is  in  force. 
Much  has  latterly  been  done  towards  developing  the  re- 
sources of  the  country  by  railways  and  telegraphs,  and 
schools  and  colleges  have  been  established  on  a  liberal  scale. 
Thus  far  the  leading  pursuits  are  agricultural,  pastoral, 
and  mercantile.  Wool  is  the  great  staple  at  present.  Some 
of  the  Cape  wines  are  of  the  highest  excellence.  Other  staple 
exports  are  aloes,  copper  ore,  diamonds  (from  Griqualand 
and  the  Transvaal),  grain,  cotton,  ostrich  plumes,  dried  fish, 
mohair,  hides,  dried  fruit,  skins,  and  ivory.  Capital,  Cape 
Town.  Pop.  of  colony  proper  in  1881,811,450;  in  1891, 
956,485.     Pop.  of  the  whole  territory  in  1891,  1,527,224. 

Cape  Colville,  kol'vil,  a  headland  of  New  Zealand,  at 
the  N.E.  entrance  of  the  river  Thames.  Lat,  36°  26'  S. ; 
Ion.  175°  20'  E. 

Cape  Com'bermere,  in  Ellesmere  Land,  Baffin's 
Bay.     Lat.  77°  5'  N.;  Ion.  75°  45'  W. 

Cape  Comfort,  kum'fort,  a  headland  of  Southampton 
Island,  on  Hudson's  Bay.     Lat.  64°  55'  N. ;  Ion.  82°  30'  W. 

Cape  Com'orin,  the  southern  extremity  of  India,  in 
the  Indian  Ocean.     Lat.  8°  5'  N. ;  Ion.  77°  30'  E. 

Cape  (or  Point)  Concep'tion,  the  S.W.  extremity 
of  Santa  Barbara  co.,  Cal.    Lat.  34°  26'  N. ;  Ion.  120°  25'  W, 

Cape  Cormachitti.     See  Cape  Khromachitti. 

Cape  Corn'wall,  a  headland  on  the  S.W.  coast  of 
Cornwall,  England,  about  4  miles  N.  of  Land's  End. 

Cape  Corrientes,  koR-ne-fin'tfis,  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Africa.     Lat.  23°  48'  S. ;  Ion.  35°  40'  E. 

Cape  Corrientes,  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Mexico.  Lat 
20°  22'  N. :  Ion.  105°  35'  W, 

Cape  Corrientes,  kon-ne-dn'tSs,  South  America,  on 
the  Pacific  coast  of  the  United  States  of  Colombia,  Lat.  5" 
50'  N.;  Ion.  77°  15'  W. 

Cape  Corrientes,  a  headland  near  the  S.W.  extremity 
of  Cuba.     Lat.  21°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  84°  30'  W, 

Cape  Corrubedo,  koR-Roo-Bi'no,  on  the  W,  coast  of 
Galicia,  Spain.     Lat.  42°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  9°  5'  W. 

Cape  Corso,  koR'so  (anc.  Promonto' rinm  Sa'crum), 
forms  the  N.  extremity  of  the  island  of  Corsica. 

Cape  Cove,  a  post-village  in  Gaspd  co.,  Quebec,  on  the 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  9  miles  from  Perc6.     Pop.  200. 

Cape  Cove,  a  small  village  in  Digby  co..  Nova  Scotia, 
near  Cape  St.  Mary,  18  miles  from  Yarmouth.     Pop.  120. 

Cape  Craw'tord,  in  the  N.  part  of  Cockburn  Land, 
at  the  entrance  of  Admiralty  Inlet.  Lat.  73°  45'  N. ;  Ion. 
87°  AV. 

Cape  Creux,  kruh  (L.  Promonto' rium  Cru'cia;  Sp. 
Cubo  de  Creus,  ki'BO  dii,  kri'ooce),  the  most  E.  point  of 
Spain,  forming  the  AV.  limit  of  the  Gulf  of  Lyons. 

Cape  Crillon,  kril-lon',  the  most  S.  point  of  the  island 
of  Saghalin,  on  the  Strait  of  La  Pgrouse.  Lat.  46°  54'  12" 
N.;  Ion.  141°  58'  E. 

Cape  Crio.    See  Cape  Krio. 

Cape  Cruz,  krooce,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Cuba.  Lat.  19* 
47'  N. ;  Ion.  77°  42'  \s\ 

Cape  Cullera,  kool-y^'rl,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Spain. 
Lat.  39°  9'  N.;  Ion.  0°  20'  41"  Ai^ 


CAP 


788 


CAP 


Cape  Dal  I,  <1&II,  a  hoadUnd  of  Alaska.  Lat.  61"  22' 
N.;  Jon.  160°  2V  W. 

Cape  da  llocn,  Portugal.    Soe  Capb  Roca. 

Cape  Dartuch)  dan-took',  on  the  W.  coast  of  Minorca. 
Lat.  3«°  60'  N.;  Ion.  :i°  46'  E. 

Cape  DelgadOf  ddl-g&'do,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Africa, 
Quilua,  in  the  Indian  Ocean.     Lat.  1U°  6'  S. ;  Ion.  41°  £. 

Cape  Dcnie'triuS)  a  headland  of  Thessaly,  on  the 
Gulf  of  Sulonicn.     Lat.  .•59°  18'  N. ;  Ion.  23°  20'  E. 

Cape  Denbigh,  ddn'bce,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Alaska, 
the  extremity  of  a  peninsula  in  Norton  Sound.  Lat.  64° 
17'  N.;  Ion.  101°  6.T  W. 

Cape  Deseada,  dd-sA-i'dil  (or  Desire),  on  thoS.W. 
coast  of  Patagonia,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Straits  of  Magel- 
lan from  the  South  Pacific  Ocean. 

Cape  D^sespoir,  d&''8&i^pwaR',  a  bold  promontory  at 
the  northeast  entrance  of  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  Qa«p6  Co., 
Quebec.     A  light-house  has  been  erected  on  this  caj)e. 

Cape  Desire',  the  E.  extremity  of  Nova  Zembia.  Lat. 
76°  26'  N.;  Ion.  70°  E. 

Cape  Desola'tion,  Oreenland,  is  the  S.W.  extremity 
of  Nunar-Soak  Island.     Lat.  61°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  48°  10'  W. 

Cape  Desolation,  a  headland  of  Terra  del  Fucgo, 
on  one  of  its  W.  islands.  Lat.  55°  45'  40"  S. ;  Ion.  71°  37' 
10"  W. 

Cape  de  Verd  Islands.    See  Cape  Verd. 

Cape  Diamond,  di'ni9nd,  the  extremity  of  a  promon- 
tory of  Quebec,  at  the  confluence  of  the  St.  Charles  with  the 
St.  Lawrence,  rises  abruptly  333  feet  above  the  river.  On 
this  promontory  stands  tlie  citadel  of  Quebec.  On  the  W., 
and  nearly  on  a  level  with  the  ramparts,  are  the  plains  of 
Abraham,  where,  in  1755,  the  English,  under  Wolfe,  gained 
a  signal  victory  over  the  French,  under  Montcalm,  in  which 
engagement  both  the  commanders  were  slain. 

Cape  Digby,  dig'bee,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Kerguelen 
Land.     Lat.  49°  3'  S. ;  Ion.  70°  34'  E. 

Cape  Diggs,  in  British  America,  on  the  channel  lead- 
ing from  Hudson's  Bay  to  Hudson's  Strait.  Lat.  about  62° 
45'  N..:  Ion.  79°  W. 

Cape  Direc'tion,  a  capo  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Aus- 
tralia, in  York  Peninsula.     Lat.  12°  51'  S. ;  Ion.  143°  33'  E. 

Cape  Direction,  a  cape  of  Tasmania,  forming  the  E. 
entrance  to  the  Derwent.     Lat.  43°  3'  S. ;  Ion.  147°  34'  E. 

Cape  Disappoint'ment,  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Wash- 
ington Territory,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia  River. 

Cape  Disappointment,  a  headland  on  the  S.  coast 
of  the  island  of  South  Georgia,  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean. 

Cape  Dis'cord,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Greenland.  Lat. 
61°  10'  N. :  Ion.  44°  30'  W. 

Cape  Domesne  or  Demesnes,  do-main',  a  head- 
land of  Russia,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Gulf  of  Livonia,  S.  of 
the  island  of  Oesel.     Lat.  57°  46'  N. 

Cape  Don'da,  on  the  N.AV.  coast  of  the  island  of  Cele- 
bes.    Lat.  0°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  119°  57'  E. 

Cape  Donna  Maria,  don'n^  mi-rce'i,  on  the  W. 
coast  of  Ilayti.     Lat.  18°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  74°  27'  W. 

Cape  Doro,  do'ro  (It.  Capo  d'Oro,  k&'po  do'ro;  anc. 
Caphareita),  a  rocky  and  dangerous  coast  at  the  S.E.  ex- 
tremity of  Negropont.     Lat.  38°  9'  N. ;  Ion.  24°  35'  E. 

Cape  Drepano,  dr5p'4-no,  or  Drepani,  dr6p'8,-ne, 
at  the  S.  e.xtrcmity  of  Longos  Peninsula,  inthe^gean  Sea. 
Lat.  39°  56'  N. ;  Ion.  24°  2'  E. 

Cape  Drom'edary,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  Australia,  is 
in  lat.  36°  18'  S..  Ion.  150°  14'  E. 

Cape  Ducato,  doo-k&'to,  the  S.  extremity  of  Santa 
Maura,  one  of  the  Ionian  Islands.  Lat.  38°  33'  30"  N.  ; 
Ion.  20°  32'  45"  E.  It  is  the  ancient  promontory  of  Leu- 
cadia.  The  poetess  Sappho  is  said  to  have  thrown  herself 
from  the  top  of  this  promontory. 

Capp  Dudley  Diggs,  a  promontory  on  the  W.  coast 
of  Greenland.     Lat.  76°  15'  N. ;  Ion.  69°  7'  W. 

Cajte  Dundas,  dun-dass',  the  N.  extremity  of  Prince 
of  Wales  Land,  at  the  W.  entrance  of  Barrow  Strait.  Lat. 
74°  N.;  Ion.  100°  W. 

Cape  Dunglison,  diing'gll-s^n,  projecting  from  Orin- 
nell  Land  into  Smith  Sound.  Lat.  78°  42'  N. ;  Ion.  77°  6' 
W.     Named  in  honor  of  Dr.  Dunglison  of  Philadelphia. 

Cape  Dyer,  di'^r,  in  the  W.  part  of  Prince  of  Wales 
Land,  at  the  entrance  of  Ommaney  Bay.  Lat.  73°  20'  N. ; 
Ion.  101°  30'  W. 

Cape  East,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Madagascar.  Lat.  15° 
8'  S. ;  Ion.  50°  25'  E. 

Cape  East,  New  Zealand.    See  Cape  Wai  Apoo. 

Cape  Eg'mont,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  Prince  Edward 
Island,  at  the  entrance  of  Egmont  Bay.  Lat.  46°  28'  N. ; 
Ion.  64°  10'  W. 

Cape  Eiiz'abeth,  a  township  of  Cumberland  oo.,  Me., 


including  a  suburb  of  Portland,  is  on  the  sen,  and  on  the 
Boston  A  Maine,  Portland  A  Ogdensburg,  and  Port.-inoutli 
Sioo  A,  Portland  Railroads,  1  mile  S.  of  Portland.  Jl  juia  a 
stnto  riform  school,  0  churches,  a  high  sulio';!,  a  dry  duck 
a  weekly  newspaper  oflRco,  and  important  manufuctureii[ 
including  lead-works,  oil-refineries,  and  rolling-mills.  Pop! 
6459.  The  cape  which  gives  name  to  the  township  has  2 
light-houses.  The  township  contains  Knightsvillo,  Lygo- 
nia,  South  Portland,  and  Pleasantdale.  A  ferry  and  two 
free  bridges  connect  it  with  Portland. 

Cape  Elizabeth  is  the  N.,  extremity  of  Saghnlin 
island,  in  the  Sea  of  Okhotsk.  Lat.  54°  24'  N.:  Ion.  142° 
47'  E. 

Cape  Elizabeth,  Alaska,  is  E.  of  the  entrance  to  Cook 
Inlet.     Lat.  69°  8'  N. ;  Ion.  151°  3'  W. 

Cape  Elizabeth  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Cumber, 
land  CO.,  Me.,  on  Casco  Bay,  in  Cupe  Elizabeth  township, 
on  the  Eastern  Railroad,  1  or  2  miles  S.  of  Portland.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  high  school. 

Cape  Emineh,  fim'ce'nJh,  in  the  E.  part  of  Eastern 
Roumclia,  forming  the  termination  of  the  llalkans,  on  the 
Black  Sea.     Lat.  42°  40'  N.;  Ion.  27°  55'  E. 

Cape  Engaflo,  fin-gin'yo  (i.e.,  " decejition"),  on  the 
E.  coast  of  Ilayti.     Lat.  18°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  68°  20'  W. 

Cape  Engafio,  en-giln'yo,  at  the  N.E.  extremity  of 
the  island  of  Luzon,  in  lat.  18°  40'  N.,  Ion.  122°  20'  E. 

Cape  Enrag6,  &N<>V&'zhi',  a  headland  on  Chignecto 
Bay,  New  Brunswick.  Lat.  45°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  65°  55'  W.  It 
has  a  light-house. 

Cape  Espartel.    See  Cape  Spartel. 

CapeEspichel,Ss-pe-shdl'  (anc.  Unrba'rium  Promon- 
to'rlum  f),  apromontorj'  on  the  W.  coast  of  Portugal,  21  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Lisbon.  Lat.  38°  25'  N. ;  Ion.  9°  13'  W.  It  is 
crowned  by  a  small  chapel  and  a  light-house,  the  latter  617 
feet  above  the  sea. 

Cape  Espiritu  Santo,  es-plr'e-too  sln'to,  on  the  N. 
extremity  of  Samar,  one  of  the  Philippine  Islands.  Lat. 
12°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  125°  35'  E. 

Cape  Espiritu  Santo,  is-plr'e-too  s&n'to,  on  the 
N.E.  coast  of  Terra  del  Fucgo,  at  the  entrance  to  the  Strait 
of  Magellan.     Lat.  62°  35'  S. ;  Ion.  68°  40'  W. 

Cape  Estaca,  ds-ti'ki,  the  most  N.  point  of  Spain, 
E.N.E.  of  Cape  Ortegal.     Lat.  43°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  7°  38'  W. 

Cape  Eter'nity,  an  imposing  promontory,  1890  feet 
high,  on  the  south  shore  of  the  Sagucnay  River,  39  milcj 
from  its  mouth.  It  is  a  great  attraction  to  tourists.  The 
water  near  its  base  has  been  ascertained  by  mcasuremcut 
to  bo  a  thousand  feet  deep. 

Cape  Fair,  a  post-village  of  Stone  co..  Mo.,  on  Jamci 
River,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Logan  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a 
church. 

Cape  Fairweath'er,  on  the  W.  coast  of  North  Amer- 
ica.    Lat.  58°  55'  N.;  Ion.  138°  W. 

Capo  Fal'con  (It.  Falcone,  fAI-ko'ni),  on  the  W.  coast 
of  Sardinia.     Lat.  41°  N. ;  Ion.  8°  13'  E. 

Cape  False,  or  False  Cape  Bojador,  a  headland 
on  the  N.W.  coast  of  Africa.  Lat.  26°  25'  N. ;  Ion,  14°  12'  W. 

Cape  False,  on  the  coast  of  Honduras,  32  miles  N.W, 
of  Cape  Gracias-4-Dio8.     Lat.  15°  13'  N. ;  Ion.  83°  22'  W. 

Cape  False,  in  Africa,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Sierra  Leone. 
Lat.  8°  26'  N.;  Ion.  13°  18'  AV. 

Cape  False  (Fr.  Cap  Faux,  kip  fo),  on  the  S.  coast  of 
Hayti.     Lat.  17°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  71°  40'  W. 

Cape  FareUvell',  the  S.  extremity  of  Greenland, 
bounding  the  E.  entrance  to  Davis  Strait.  Lat.  59°  49'  N.; 
Ion.  43°  54'  W. 

Cape  Farewell,  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  Tavai-Poena- 
moo,  one  of  the  New  Zealand  islands.  Lat.  40°  31'  S.;  Ion. 
172°  47'  E. 

Cape  Faro,  fi'ro  (anc.  Pelo'rwm  Promonto'rium),  the 
N.E.  extremity  of  the  island  of  Sicily,  bounding,  with  the 
opposite  coast  of  Calabria  (rock  of  Scylla,  <fec.),  the  narrowest 
part  of  the  Strait  of  Messina.  Lat.  of  light-house,  38°  15' 
60"  N. ;  Ion.  15°  40'  40"  E.     The  cape  is  fortiHed. 

Cape  Fartash,  farHish'  (or  Fartak,  ftir'tlk'),  a 
promontory  on  the  S.  coast  of  Arabia.  Lat.  15°  38'  N. ; 
Ion.  52°  20'  E. 

Cape  Fear,  North  Carolina,  is  on  the  Atlantic  coast, 
and  is  the  S.  extremity  of  Smith's  Island,  which  is  at  the 
mouth  of  Cape  Fear  River.  Here  is  a  light-house,  with  a 
light  110  feet  above  the  sea,  in  lat.  33°  50'  N.,  Ion.  77°  57' 
W.     This  cape  is  the  most  southern  point  of  the  state. 

Cape  Fear,  a  township  of  Chatham  co.,  N.C.     P.  2285. 

Cape  Fear,  a  township  of  New  Hanover  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  996. 

Cape  Fear  River,  North  Carolina,  is  formed  by  th« 
Deep  and  Haw  Rivers,  which  unite  at  Haywood,  in  Chat- 


CAP 


789 


CAP 


lam  CO.  It  runs  southeastward,  intersects  the  cos.  of  Har- 
)ett  Cumberland,  and  Bladen,  and  enters  the  Atlantic  Ocean 
it  the  S.  extremity  of  New  Hanover  co.,  and  at  Cape  Fear. 
[t  is  about  250  miles  long,  excluding  the  branches,  and  is 
;he  largest  river  whose  course  is  all  in  this  state.  Steam- 
Mats  can  ascend  it  in  all  seasons  to  Fayetteville,  about  130 
niles  from  its  mouth.  It  runs  mostly  through  a  level  and 
ijandy  district. 

'  CapeFerrato,f5R-n3,'to,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  Sardinia. 
Lat.  about  39°  18'  N.;  Ion.  9°  40'  E. 

Cape  Fer'ro,  or  Ras-Hadid,  rJs-h4-deed',  on  the 
iV.  coast  of  Algeria,  being  the  E.  point  of  Storah  Bay.  Lat. 
57°  5'  N. ;  Ion.  7°  10'  E. 

Cape  Figari,  fe-glL'ree,  is  on  the  N.B.  coast  of  Sar- 
dinia, forming  the  N.  entrance  of  the  Gulf  of  Terra  Nova. 
,  Cape  Finistere,  or  Finisterre,  fin-is-taiR',  the 
jmost  W.  headland  of  France.  Lat.  48°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  4° 
160'  AV 

I  Cape  Finisterre,  or  Finistferc,  fin-is-taiR'  (Sp. 
{Finistierra,  fe-nis-te-fiR'ni;  anc.  Promonto' rium  Ne'rium, 
\Ar'tabrum,  or  Cel'ticum),  the  most  W.  headland  of  Spain,  on 
jthe  coast  of  Galicia.  Lat.  42°  54'  N.;  Ion.  9°  16'  W. 
I  Cape  Fino,  fee'no,  is  on  the  coast  of  Genoa,  17  miles 
[E.S.E.  of  Genoa. 

I  Cape  Flat'tery,  a  high  promontory,  the  N.W.  ex- 
tremity of  Lewis  CO.,  Washington,  bounded  by  the  Strait 
of  Juan  de  Fuca  on  the  N.E.  and  the  Pacific  Ocean  on  the 
S.AV.     Lat.  about  48°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  124°  30'  W. 

Cape  Fliix'ders,  North  America,  on  Kent  Peninsula, 
at  the  entrance  of  Coronation  Gulf.  Lat.  68°  15'  N. ;  Ion. 
109°  15'  W. 

Cape  Flor'ida,  the  E.  point  of  Key  Biscayne,  330 
[miles  S.  by  E.  of  St.  Augustine,  Florida.  Lat.  of  the  light- 
!  house,  25°  39'  N. ;  Ion.  80°  9'  AV, 

1  Cape  Fo'go,  a  small  fishing  settlement  on  Fogo  Island, 
rfewfoundland,  9  miles  from  Fogo.     Pop.  40. 

Cape  Formentor,  foR-mSn-tou',  the  N.  point  of  the 
island  of  Majorca,  at  the  N.  entrance  of  the  Bay  of  Pol- 
:  lenza.  Lat.  39°  57'  N.;  Ion.  3°  16'  E. 
I  Cape  Formosa,  for-mo'sa  (or  Formo'so),  on  the 
W.  coast  of  Africa,  so  called  from  its  beautiful  appearance. 
Lat.  4°  15'  N.;  Ion.  6°  10'  E. 

Cape  Foulweath'er,  a  point  of  Tillamook  co.,  Ore- 
gon.    Lat.  about  44°  16'  N. ;  Ion.  124°  5'  W. 

Cape  FoulHvind',  on  the  AV.  coast  of  New  Zealand. 
Lat.  41°  45'  S.;  Ion.  171°  30'  E. 

Cape  Fox,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Anticosti  Island.  Lat. 
49°  22'  N. ;  Ion.  62°  10'  W. 

Cape  Fran^ais,  frduo'si',  the  N.  point  of  Kerguelen 
Land.     Lat.  48°  40'  S. ;  Ion.  69°  E. 

Cape  Fran^ais,  Ilayti.    See  Cape  Haytien. 

Cape  Frank'lin,  at  theN.AV.  extremity  of  Kent  Pen- 
insula, on  Dease  Strait.     Lat.  68°  40'  N.;  Ion.  109°  W. 

Cape  Frederick  VII.^  in  the  N.  part  of  Prudhoe 
Land,  in  Kane  Basin.     Lat.  79°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  70°  15'  W. 

Cape  Freels,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Newfoundland.  Lat. 
49°  38'  N. ;  Ion.  53°  W. 

Cape  Fr6hel,  fri'fil',  on  the  coast  of  France,  13  miles 
"W.  by  N.  of  St.-Malo.  Lat.  48°  41'  N. ;  Ion.  2°  19'  W. 
Upon  it  is  a  revolving  light,  246  feet  above  the  sea. 

Cape  Friend'ship,  near  the  E.  extremity  of  Bougain- 
rille  Island,  in  the  Pacific.     Lat.  6°  44'  S. ;  Ion.  155°  40'  E. 

Cape  Frio,  free'o  (Port.  Caho  Frio,  ki'bo  free'o,  i.e., 
"Cool  Cape"),  a  promontory  on  the  coast  of  Brazil,  80  miles 
E.  of  Rio  Janeiro,  consists  of  a  huge  oval  mass  of  granite. 
Elevation,  1570  feet.  Lat.  22°  59'  9"  S.j  Ion.  41°  57'  2" 
W.     It  has  a  light-house. 

Cape  Froward.    See  America. 

Cape  Fiillerton,  fo5r§r-t9n,  on  Hudson's  Bay.  Lat. 
64°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  88°  20'  W. 

Cape  Gale'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co..  Mo.,  on 
Osage  River,  10  miles  N.  of  Linn  Creek.     Lead  is  found  here. 

Cape  Gal  era,  gk-Wrk,  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  the  United 
States  of  Colombia.     Lat.  11°  N. ;  Ion.  75°  20'  AV. 

Cape  Gal  era,  gJ.-lA.'ra,  the  E.  point  of  the  island  of 
Trinidad.     Lat.  10°  45'  N.;  Ion.  60°  30'  AV. 

Cape  Gallo,  gil'lo,  a  headland  on  the  N.  coast  of 
Sicily,  7  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Palermo. 

Cape  Gallo,  gil'lo  (anc.  ^c'riVa«),  a  headland  of  Greece, 
Morca,  forming  the  S.  extremity  of  Messenia. 

Cape  Gamaley,  gi-mi-li',  a  headland  of  Japan,  on 
the  AV.  coast  of  the  island  of  Hondo,  near  its  N.  extremity. 
Lat.  40°  38'  N. ;  Ion.  139°  49'  E. 

Cape  Gardafui,  in  Africa.    See  Cape  Guardafui. 

Cape  Gar'ry,  in  the  S.  part  of  North  Somerset,  British 
America,  forming  the  S.  boundary  of  Creswell  Bay.  Lat. 
■72°  23'  N. ;  Ion.  93°  30'  A\'. 


Cape  Gasp6,gas'pe  orgS,s-pi',  a  headland  of  Quebec, 
on  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence.  Lat.  48°  45'  N.;  Ion.  64" 
10'  AV.  At  its  E.  extremity  it  forms  the  N.  boundary  of 
the  Bay  of  Gasp6. 

Cape  Gata,  gi'ti  (Sp.  Caho  de  Gata,  ki'BO  di  gi'td), 
a  promontory  of  Spain,  on  the  coast  of  Granada,  forming 
the  E.  limit  of  the  Gulf  of  Almeria.  Formerly  this  cape 
was  a  place  of  resort  for  Moorish  corsairs  lurking  for  Span- 
ish vessels.     Lat.  36°  43'  N. ;  Ion.  2°  22'  AV. 

Cape  Gatto,  gat'to  (anc.  Cu'rias  Promonto' rium  ?),  a 
promontory  on  the  S.  coast  of  Cyprus.  Lat.  34°  34'  N. ; 
Ion.  33°  8'  E. 

Cape  George,  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  island  of  South 
Georgia.     Lat.  54°  17'  S.;  Ion.  36°  32'  AV. 

Cape  George,  a  post-village  in  Antigonish  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  E.  side  of  Cape  St.  George,  on  the  Gulf  of 
St.  Lawrence,  20  miles  N.  of  Antigonish.     Pop.  200. 

Cape  George,  or  George'ville,  a  post-village  in 
Antigonish  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  AV.  side  of  Cape  St. 
George,  40  miles  N.E.  of  New  Glasgow.     Pop.  200. 

Cape  Ghir  (or  Gheer),  gheer,  a  headland  of  Morocco, 
on  the  Atlantic,  63  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Mogadore.  Lat.  30°  37' 
N.;  Ion.  9°  52'  E. 

Cape  Girardean,  jee-rar-do',  a  county  in  the  S.E. 
part  of  Missouri,  has  an  area  of  about  550  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  is  partly 
drained  by  AVhitewater  Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  ash,  oak,  beech, 
elm,  hickory,  <fcc.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Trenton  limestone  crops 
out  in  this  county,  whicli  has  also  quarries  of  crystalline 
limestone  (Upper  Silurian).  This  is  called  Cape  Girardeau 
marble,  and  is  a  good  material  for  building.  The  county  is 
intersected  by  the  St.  Louis  &  Iron  Mountain  Railroad. 
Capital,  Jackson.  Pop.  in  1870,  17,558;  in  1880,  20,998  j 
in  1890,  22,060. 

Cape  Girardeau,  a  city  of  Cape  Girardeau  co.,  Mo., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  140  miles  below  St.  Louis, 
and  44  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio  River.  It  is  the 
seat  of  St.  Vincent's  College  (Catholic),  which  was  founded 
in  1844,  and  of  the  Southeastern  Missouri  Normal  School, 
which  has  about  230  students.  One  daily  and  3  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.  The  city  has  2  banks,  9 
churches,  3  breweries,  4  flouring-mills,  a  woollen-mill,  a 
foundry,  3  cigar-factories,  &c.  Pop.  4297;  of  the  town- 
ship, 6014.  Extensive  beds  of  pure  white  clay  are  found 
near  this  town. 

Cape  Gloucester, glos't^r,  a  high  promontory  on  tho 
N.E.  coast  of  Australia.     Lat.  20°  1'  S.;  Ion.  148°  26'  E. 

Cape  Golovatchef,  Golovatchev,  or  Golowa- 
tschelf,  go-lo-v4-chfif ',  a  headland  on  the  N.AV.  coast  of 
the  island  of  Saghalin.     Lat.  52°  32'  N.;  Ion.  141°  54'  E. 

Cape  Good  Success',  on  the  S.  coast  of  Terra  del 
Fuego,  extending  into  the  Straits  of  Le  Maire. 

Cape  Gracias-a-Dios,  gr4'se-is-i-dee'oce  (i.e., 
"  Thanks  to  God"),  a  headland  on  the  Mosquito  coast,  at 
the  boundary  between  Honduras  and  Nicaragua.  Lat.  14° 
55'  N. ;  Ion.  83°  15'  AV. 

Cape  Grafton,  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Australia,  bounds 
Trinity  Bay  on  the  S.     Lat.  16°  51'  S. ;  Ion.  145°  50'  E. 

Cape  Gregory,  a  former  name  of  Cape  Arago. 

Cape  Grey,  Missouri.    See  Cap  An  Gnis. 

Cape  Grim,  the  N.AV.  extremity  of  Tasmania,  and  the 
S.  boundary  of  the  AV.  entrance  to  Bass's  Strait.  Lat.  40° 
43'  S.;  Ion.  144°  42'  E. 

Cape  Grim'ington,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Labrador. 
Lat.  58°  55'  N. ;  Ion.  61°  45'  AV. 

Cape  Grin'neli',  a  headland  of  North  Devon,  on 
AVellington  ChanneL     Lat.  75°  30'  N.;  Ion.  92°  25'  AV. 

Cape  Gris-Nez,  gree-ni',  i.e.,  "gray  nose"  (anc. 
It'iiim  Promonto' rium),  a  headland  of  France,  in  Pas-de- 
Calais,  being  the  nearest  point  of  the  French  shore  to  that 
of  Britain  (South  Foreland).  It  has  a  revolving  light,  195 
feet  high.     Lat.  50°  52'  12"  N.;  Ion.  1°  35'  15"  E. 

Cape  Guardafui,  gwar-di-fwee',  or  Gardafui, 
garMa-fwee' (Arab.  i?n9-t/errfa^0(>n,  ris-jerMi-foon' ;  anc. 
Aro' malum  Promonto' rium),  the  most  E.  point  of  Africa,  at 
the  entrance  of  the  Gulf  of  Aden.  Lat.  11°  50'  N. ;  ion. 
51°  20'  E. 

Cape  Gwadel,  gwi-d6l',  or  Ras-Noo,  rAs-noo',  a 
peninsula  of  Beloochistan,  on  the  Indian  Ocean,  95  miles  S. 
of  Kedje.  It  is  about  6  miles  in  breadth.  Lat.  25°  12'  N.; 
Ion.  62°  18'  E. 

Cape  Hackness',  a  headland  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ork- 
ney,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Shapinshay. 

Chpe  Haitien.    See  Cape  Haytien. 

Cape  Halkctt,  b&l'ket,  a  headland  of  Alaska,  on  the 


CAP 


790 


CAP 


Arctic  Ocean,  in  Int.  70°  48'  N.,  Ion.  1»1«»  W  W.,  bounds 
Harrison  Bay  on  the  W. 

Cape  Hain'ilton,  on  theW.ooast  of  WoIIaston  Land, 
in  the  Arctic  Ocean,     hat.  fi8°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  116°  30'  W. 

Cape  Ilamrahf  li&ra'r&,  or  Maverah,  m&v'er-& 
(Arab.  Rat-el-Uamrah,  rls-61-him'ri ;  ano.  Promonto' rium 
Hippit),  on  the  N.  coast  of  Algeria.  Lat.  37°  N.;  Ion.  7° 
60'^K. 

Capo  Hang'lip,  on  the  S.  extremity  of  Africa,  and  £. 
tide  of  False  Kay.     Lat.  34°  22'  S. ;  Ion.  18°  40'  E. 

Cape  Ilar'dVf  on  the  N.  part  of  Prince  of  Wales  Land, 
at  the  entrance  of  Barrow  Strait.  Lat.  73°  63'  N. ;  Ion. 
»7°  30'  W. 

Capo  Ilath'orton,  the  W.  extremity  of  Prudhoo 
Land,  in  Smith  Sound.     Lat.  78°  30'  N.;  Ion.  75°  30'  W. 

Cape  Ilat'teras,  North  Carolina,  is  part  of  a  long 
sand-bank  or  island  separated  from  the  mainland  by  Pam- 
lico Sound.  Here  is  a  light  raised  100  feet  above  the  sea, 
in  lat.  35°  15'  N.,  Ion.  75°  31'  W.  The  violent  storms  that 
often  occur  on  this  coast  render  the  navigation  dangerous. 

Cape  Hay,  a  headland  at  the  N.E.  point  of  Cockburn 
Land,  in  Lancaster  Sound,  near  Ion.  77°  W. 

Cape  Ilaytien,  h.^'te-en,  called  also  Le  Cap,  l?h 
k&p,  formerly  Cape  Fran4;ai8,  itbvf^sk',  Cabo  Santo, 
k&'bo  s&n'to,  and  Cape  Heii'ry,  a  seaport  town  of  Ilayti, 
on  its  N.  coast,  90  miles  N.  of  Port  au  Prince.  Lat.  19° 
40'  N. ;  Ion.  69°  64'  W.  Previous  to  the  Ilaytian  revolu- 
tion it  was  a  handsome  city,  and  it  still  has  some  fine  build- 
ings, with  a  secure  harbor,  and  a  considerable  trade  with 
the  United  States,  Great  Britain,  France,  and  Germany.  It 
is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  about  12,000. 

Cape  Henlo'pen,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Delaware,  at  the 
entrance  of  Delaware  Bay,  on  the  S.W.  side,  13  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Cape  May.  On  it  is  a  fixed  light,  182  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  sea.  Lat.  38°  47'  N.  ,•  Ion.  75°  5'  30"  W,  A  beacon- 
light  also  stands  at  the  extreme  N.  end  of  the  cape,  three- 
fourths  of  a  mile  distant. 

Cape  Hcnrict'ta  Mari'a,  in  British  America,  the 
dividing  line  on  the  W.  between  Hudson's  and  James's 
Bays.     Lat.  65°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  82°  30'  W. 

Cape  Hen'ry,  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Virginia,  at  the 
entrance  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  on  the  S.  side,  12  miles  S.  by 
W.  of  Cape  Charles.  Lat.  36°  56'  N. ;  Ion.  76°  4'  W.  On 
it  is  a  fixed  light,  120  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Cape  Henry,  a  town  of  Ilayti.    See  Cape  Haytien. 

Cape  Hillsboroagh,hilz'bur-ruh,  a  headland  on  the 
N.E.  coast  of  Australia.  Lat.  20°  53'  40"  S.  j  Ion.  149°  0' 
15"  E. 

Cape  Honduras,  hon-doo'ras,  or  Fnnta  del  Cas- 
tillo, poon'tfl,  ddi  kS,s-teel'yo,  a  headland  on  the  N.  coast 
of  Honduras.     Lat.  16°  N. ;  Ion.  86°  16'  AV. 

Cape  Hope  Advance',  a  headland  of  British  Amer- 
ica, on  Hudson's  Strait.     Lat.  61°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  72°  10'  W. 

Cape  Horn,  honn,  written  also  Hoorn,  the  most  S. 
point  of  America,  on  the  last  island  of  the  Fuegian  Archi- 
pelago, in  lat.  65°  58'  40"  S.,  Ion.  67°  16'  W.  It  is  a  lofty, 
steep,  bare,  black  rock,  with  pointed  summits.  It  was 
named  by  Schouten,  its  discoverer,  in  1616,  in  honor  of  his 
birthplace,  Hoorn  (honn),  in  the  Netherlands.  Nine  miles 
N.E.  of  Cape  Horn  is  False  Cape  Horn. 

Cape  Howe,  h6w,  the  most  S.E.  point  of  Australia, 
280  miles  S.W.  of  Sydney.  Lat.  37°  30'  S.  j  Ion.  150°  6'  E. 
See  West  Cape  Howe. 

Cape  Hum  OS,  hoo'moce,  a  headland  of  Chili,  at  the  S. 
mouth  of  the  Maule.     Lat.  35°  22'  S. 

Cape  Inje  (or  Indjeh),  in'jfih,  the  most  N.  point  of 
Anatolia,  extending  into  the  Black  Sea.  Lat.  42°  8'  N. ; 
Ion.  34°  57'  E. 

Cape  Isabella,  iz-a-bdl'la,  a  he.adland  of  Boothia  Fe- 
lix.    Lat.  69°  26'  N. ;  Ion.  93°'  51'  W. 

Cape  Isabella,  in  the  E.  part  of  Ellesraere  Land,  at 
the  entrance  of  Smith's  Sound.  Lat.  78°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  78°  W. 

Cape  Island,  i'land,  the  southern  extremity  of  New 
Jersey,  formerly  separated  by  .a  small  creek  from  the  main- 
land.   It  is  3  or  4  miles  long,  and  from  ^  to  1  mile  wide. 

Cape  Island  and  Cape  Island  City,  former  names 
of  Cape  May,  N.J. 

Cape  Island,  a  small  island  off  Cape  Bonavista,  New- 
foundland, 3  miles  from  Bonavista.     Pop.  83. 

Cape  J6r6mie,  zhfir'i-mee',  on  the  N.W.  coast  of 
Hayti,  18  miles  E.  of  Cape  Donna  Maria.  Lat.  18°  10'  N. ; 
Ion.  74°  12'  W. 

Cape  Jesus  Maria,  h&'soos  ml-ree'i,  in  Uruguay,  N. 
of  the  estuary  of  the  Rio  de  la  Plata,  40  miles  N.W.  of 
Montevideo. 

Cape  John,  a  headland  of  Nova  Scotia,  on  Northum- 
berland Strait.     Lat.  45°  40'  N.;  Ion.  64°  10'  W. 


Cape  John,  a  post-village  on  the  above  headland  in 
Pictou  CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  15  miles  from  Pictou.     Pop,  300. 

Cape  Jourmain,  zhoou'm4!<<>',  a  headland  of  New 
Brunswick,  on  Northumberland  Strait.  Lat.  40°  10'  N  • 
Ion.  63°  49'  30"  W.     On  it  is  a  light-house,  *' 

Capo  Juby,  joo'bce,  of  Africa,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Sa- 
hara, opposite  Fuorteventura,  one  of  the  Canary  Islands,  ii 
a  low,  sandy  point.     Lat.  27°  57'  50"  N. ;  Ion.  12°  65'  W, 

Cape  Kalakria,  ki-l&-kree'&,  or  Gulgrad  Boo'> 
roon  (or  Uurroun),  gul-gr&d'  boo-roon',  in  the  E.  part  of 
Bulgaria,  on  the  Black  Sea.     Lat.  43°  23'  N. ;  Ion.  28°  30'  E. 

Cape  Kalogria,  ki-lo-gree'&,  or  Papas,  pl-p4g',  ni 
the  N.W.  extremity  of  Morca,  Greece,  at  the  S.  entrance  of 
the  Gulf  of  Patras.     Lat.  about  38°  12'  N. ;  Ion.  21°  24'  E. 

Cape  Kardash',  on  the  S.E.  const  of  Asia  Minor,  at 
the  W.  entrance  to  the  Gulf  of  Iskanderoon.  Lat.  36°  34' 
N. ;  Ion.  35°  22'  E. 

Cape  Ka'tcr,  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Cockburn  Land,  on 
the  Gulf  of  Boothia.     Lat.  71°  53'  N. ;  Ion.  90°  W. 

Cape  Kayo,  k4,  a  promontory  in  the  W.  part  of  Cock- 
burn Land,  N.  of  Fury  and  Hocla  Strait.  Lat.  72°  20'  N. : 
Ion.  93°  30'  W. 

Cape  Kerempe,  kl-rfim'p?h  (anc.  Cnram'l/*),  a  head- 
land of  Asia,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Anntolia,  extending  into  the 
Black  Sea.     Lat.  42°  2'  N. ;  Ion.  33°  20'  E. 

Cape  Khelidonia,  Kftl-o-do-nee'i,  a  headland  of  Asi- 
atic Turkey,  forming  the  N.  point  of  the  Gulf  of  Adalia, 
near  lat.  36°  9'  N.,  Ion.  30°  26'  E. 

Cape  Khersonese,  Ker'stm-eece,  in  the  S.  part  of 
Russia,  on  the  Black  Sea.     Lat.  44°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  33*"  20'  E. 

Cape  Khromachitti,  Kro-m&-kit'tec,  on  the  N.  coast 
of  Cyprus.     Lat.  36°  23'  N. ;  Ion.  33°  E. 

Cape  Khynzyr,  Kin^zeer',  a  headland  on  the  S.  coast 
of  Syria,  at  the  entrance  to  the  Gulf  of  Iskanderoon.  Lat. 
36°  17'  N. ;  Ion.  35°  48'  E. 

Cape  Kirpe,  keer'p^h,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Anatolia,  ex- 
tending into  the  Black  Sea.     Lat.  41°  15'  N. ;  Ion.  30°  18'  E. 

Cape  Krio,  kree'o,  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Anatolia,  at 
the  entrance  to  the  Gulf  of  Cos.  Lat.  36°  41'  N. ;  Ion.  27° 
23'  6"  E. 

Cape  Krio,  the  most  S.  part  of  the  island  of  Cret«. 
Lat.  36°  16'  N.;  Ion.  23°  31'  E. 

Cape  Krio,  the  W.  point  of  Cyprus.  Lat.  35°  16'  N.; 
Ion.  23°  30'  E. 

Cap'el,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey. 

Cape  Laay  Franklin,  a  headland  on  the  S.W.  part 
of  WoIIaston  Land,  on  the  Arctic  Ocean,  at  the  entrance  of 
Dolphin  and  Union  Strait.     Lat.  68°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  113°  W. 

Cape  La  Hague,  li  haig  (Fr.  pron.  1^  hUg),  some- 
times improperly  written  La  Hogue,  a  headland  of  France, 
in  Manche,  forming  the  N.W.  extremity  of  the  peninsula 
of  Cotentin,  in  the  English  Channel,  16  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Cherbourg.  Lat.  of  the  light-house,  49°  43'  22"  N. ;  Ion. 
1°  57'  6"  W.  It  is  often  confounded  with  Cape  La  IIogue, 
on  the  opposite  side  of  Cotentin,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Valognes. 

Cape  Lahou,  li-hoo',  a  headland  of  Africa,  on  the 
Ivory  Coast,  with  a  town  of  the  same  name  near  it.  Lat.  5° 
16'  N. ;  Ion.  5°  18'  W. 

Cape  La  Hune,  l&  hiin,  a  prominent  headland  on  the 
S.  coast  of  Newfoundland,  23  miles  E.  of  Burgeo.  It  forms 
the  point  of  a  fine  inlet  called  La  Hune  Bay. 

Cape  Lassoa,  Celebes.    See  Boolekomba  Poixt. 

Cape  Lastres,  lis'trSs,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Spain,  Bay 
of  Biscay.     Lat.  43°  33'  N. ;  Ion.  6°  20'  W. 

Cape  Lean,  or  Loop  Head,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Ire- 
land, at  the  mouth  of  the  Shannon. 

Cape  Leeu\vin,lee'winorl4'*in,  the  most  S.W.  point 
of  Australia.     Lat.  34°  32'  S. ;  Ion.  115°  6'  E. 

Cape  Leuca  or  Santa  Maria  di  Leuca,  s&n'ti 
mi-ree'l  dee  ld,'oo-k8,  (anc.  lajiy'gixim,  or  Salenti'iium  Pro- 
monto'rium),  on  the  coast  of  Italy,  at  the  S.E.  entrance  to 
the  Gulf  of  Taranto.     Lat.  39°  47'  N.;  Ion.  18°  24'  E. 

Cape  Leveque,  l^h-vaik',  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  Austra- 
lia.    Lat.  16°  20' S.;  Ion.  123°  E. 

Cape  Lew'is,  in  the  W.  part  of  Greenland,  on  Baffin's 
Bay.     Lat.  75°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  58°  40'  W. 

Capel  Gar'mon,  a  township  of  North  Wales,  co.  of 
Denbigh,  4i  miles  S.  of  Llanrwst. 

Cape  Licosa,  le-ko'si,  a  promontory  of  Italy,  forming 
the  E.  side  of  the  entrance  to  the  Gulf  of  Salerno.  Lat. 
40°  14'  N.;  Ion.  14°  53'  E. 

Cape  Lindcsnaes.    See  Naze. 

Cape  Linguetta,  lin-gw5t'tS,,  a  headland  of  European 
Turkey,  about  40  miles  E.N.E.  from  Otranto,  at  the  entrance 
into  the  Adriatic.     Lat.  40°  26'  17"  N. ;  Ion.  19°  17'  E. 

Cape  Lis'burne,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Aliiska,  extendin; 
into  the  Arctic  Ocean.     Lat.  68°  66'  N. ;  Ion.  163°  34'  W. 


CAP  791 

Cape  Lithada,  Ie-thS,'d^,  a  headland  of  Greece,  form- 
ing the  N.AV.  extremity  of  Euboea. 

Cape  liiv'erpool  is  the  name  of  a  headland  on  the  S. 
side  of  the  entrance  to  Lancaster  Sound,  British  North 
America,  and  of  another  bounding  the  inlet  Liverpool  Bay, 
Arctic  Ocean,  North  America,  immediately  S.W.  of  Cape 
Bathurst.     Lat.  about  70°  N. ;  Ion.  129°  W. 

Capell)  ka-pel',  a  post-oflSoe  of  Napa  co.,  Cal. 

Capellades,  ki-pel-yi'Dfis,  an  episcopal  town  of  Spain, 
30  miles  N.W.  of  Barcelona.     Pop.  3066. 

Capellen,  kd-pfil'l^n,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  5 
miles  N.E.  of  Geldern.     Pop.  1809. 

Capelle-op-den-Bosch,  ki-pfiri?h-op-den-bosk,  a 
village  of  Belgium,  in  South  Brabant,  11  miles  N.  of  Brus- 
sels, on  the  railway  between  Mechlin  and  Ghent.     P.  2500. 

Cape  Look'out,  E.  of  North  Carolina,  85  miles  S.W. 
of  Cape  Ilattoras.  Elevation  of  the  light,  150  feet.  Lat. 
34°  37'  N. ;  Ion.  76°  31'  W. 

Cape  Lookout,  Yamhill  co..  Oregon,  in  lat.  about  46° 
30'  N.,  Ion.  124°  W. 

Cape  Lookout,  in  Hudson's  Bay.  Lat.  55°  30'  N.; 
Ion.  about  85°  40'  W. 

Cape  Lookout,  a  headland  on  the  E.  coast  of  Pata- 
gonia, extending  into  the  Atlantic. 

Cape  Lopatka,  lo-pit'ki,  in  Asia,  forming  the  S.  ex- 
tremity of  Kamchatka.  Lat.  51°  2'  N. ;  Ion.  156°  46'  E. 
On  it  is  a  mountain  which  bears  the  same  name. 

Cape  Lopez,  lo'pfiz,  on  the  coast  of  Africa,  the  S.  point 
of  the  Bight  of  Biafra.     Lat.  0°  36'  S. ;  Ion.  8°  43'  E. 

Cape  Louis,  loo'is,  a  headland  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Kerguelen    Land.      Lat.  48°  50'  S. ;  Ion.  68°  18'  E. 

Cape  Louis  Philippe,  loo'ee  fil'lip,  in  the  S.  part  of 
■\Vollaston  Land,  in  Coronation  Gulf.  Lat.  68°  35' N.; 
Ion.  109°  45'  W. 

Cap'el's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richmond  co.,  N.C., 
16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Rockingham.     It  has  2  grist-mills. 

Cap'elton,  a  post-village  in  Compton  co.,  Quebec,  4J 
miles  by  rail  from  Lennoxville.     Pop.  200. 

Cape  Lucas,  Lower  California.  See  Cape  Saint  Lucas. 

Cape  Mabou,  mi^boo',  a  post-settlement  in  Inverness 
eo..  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  11  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Mabou.     Pop.  150. 

Cape  Maguari,  ma,-gwi-ree'.  South  America,  the  N.E. 
point  of  the  island  of  Marajo,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Amazon. 
Lat.  0°  16'  S. ;  Ion.  48°  W. 

Cape  Maisi,  in  Cuba.     See  Cape  Maysi. 

Cape  MaPabar',  at  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Massachu- 
eetts.     Lat.  41°  34'  N.;  Ion.  69°  55'  W. 

Cape  Malek,  mi-lSk'  (or  Malecca,  ml-lSk'ka,,  anc. 

Ci'amon  Promonto' rium),  on  the  N.  coast  of  Crete.     Lat.  35° 

37' N.;  Ion.  24°  9'  E. 

j         Cape  Malia,  mi'le-i,  or  Sant'  Angelo  (anc.  Ma'lea 

Promonto' rtitm),  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  Morea.     Lat.  36° 

I       27'  N.;  Ion.  23°  12'  E. 

I         Cape  Manambaton,mS.n-&m-bi-too',  on  the  E.  coast 
{      of  Madagascar.     Lat.  13°  5'  S. ;  Ion.  49°  50'  E. 

Cape  Martello,  man-tdl'lo,  the  S.  point  of  the  island 
of  Euboea.     Lat.  37°  56'  N. ;  Ion.  24°  33'  E. 

Cape  Matala,  mi-tA'li,  the  most  S.  headland  of  Crete 
and  of  Europe.     Lat.  34°  55'  N. ;  Ion.  24°  45'  E. 
[  Cape  AIatapan,m^-ti-p&n' (anc.  T«' narum  or  Txna'- 

rium  Promonto' rium),  the  southernmost  extremity  of  the 
Morea,  Greece,  and  of  continental  Europe.  Lat.  36°  23' 
N.;  Ion.  22°  29'  E. 

Cape  Maverah,  coast  of  Algiers.    See  Cape  Hamrah. 

Cape  3Iay,  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  at  the  entrance  of 

,       Delaware  Bay,  and  about  2  miles  S.  of  the  city  of  Cape 

j       May,  is  the  most  southern  point  of  New  Jersey.     Lat.  38° 

•       66'  N. ;  Ion.  74°  57'  W.     Here  is  a  revolving  light,  150  feet 

above  the  level  of  the  sea.     See  Cape  May  Point. 

Cape  May,  a  county  forming  the  S.  extremity  of  New 
Jersey,  has  an  area  of  about  240  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the  AV.  by  Delaware 
Bay.  The  surface  is  level ;  the  soil  is  alluvial  and  partly 
sandy.  The  southeastern  portion  is  occupied  by  marshes 
and  lagoons,  connected  by  inlets  with  the  ocean.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
is  intersected  by  the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  which  traverses 
it  from  N.  to  S.  It  has  a  valuable  deposit  of  white  cedar 
trees,  which  have  probably  been  buried  for  centuries  but 
are  still  sound.  Capital,  Cape  May  Court-IIouse.  Pop.  in 
1870,  8349;  in  1880,  9765;  in  1890,  11.268. 

Cape  May,  a  city  and  fashionable  watering-place  of 
Cape  May  co.,  N.  J.,  is  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  at  the  southern 
extremity  of  the  state,  about  2  miles  N.  of  the  cape  of  the 
fame  name.  It  is  82  miles  by  railroad  S.  by  E.  from  Phil- 
adelphia, or  about  100  miles  by  water.     It  is  the  southern 


CAP 


terminus  of  the  West  Jersey  Railroad.  Two  daily  news- 
papers are  published  here  in  July  and  August,  and  two 
weekly  papers  in  all  seasons.  It  has  7  churches.  'Ihia 
place  is  a  very  popular  summer  resort,  and  has  numerous 
large  hotels,  boarding-houses,  and  cottages.  P.  (1890)  2136. 
Cape  May  Court-House,  the  capital  of  Cape  May 
CO.,  N.J.,  is  on  the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  70  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Philadelphia,  3  miles  from  the  ocean,  and  11  miles  N. 
of  Cape  May  City.  It  has  a  court-house,  4  churches,  and 
a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  1248. 

Cape  May  Point,  formerly  Sea  Grove,  a  borough 
and  watering-place  of  Cape  May  co.,  N.J.,  about  2  miles  S. 
of  Cape  May  City.  It  contains  5  churches,  and  several 
hotels  and  boarding-houses.  Many  families  make  it  their 
permanent  home.    Here  is  Cape  May  light-house.    P.  167. 

Cape  Maysi  (or  Maisi),  ml-see',  the  E.  extremity  of 
Cuba.     Lat.  20°  15'  N. ;  Ion.  74°  7'  W. 

Cape  Mayumba,  m3,-yoom'bi,  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Africa.     Lat.  3°  35'  S. 

Cape  Melville,  mfil'vll,  a  promontory  of  Greenland, 
forming  the  W.  boundary  of  Melville  Bay. 

Cape  Mendocino,  men-do-see'no,  on  the  Pacific  coast, 
is  the  most  western  point  of  California.  It  is  in  Humboldt 
CO.,  in  lat.  40°  26'  N.,  Ion.  124°  24'  W.,  and  has  a  flashing 
light,  428  feet  above  sea-level. 

Cape  Mesurado,  m6s-oo-r8,'do,  in  Africa,  is  on  the 
W.  coast  of  Liberia,  at  the  mouth  of  a  small  river  of  the 
same  name,  on  which  is  situated  the  town  of  Monrovia. 
Lat.  6°  19'  N. ;  Ion.  10°  50'  M'. 

Cape  Midiah,  me-dee'&,  in  Roumania,  on  the  Black 
Sea.     Lat.  44°  22'  N.;  Ion.  28°  50'  E. 

Cape  Milazzo,  me-l&t'so,  a  headland  on  the  N.  coast 
of  Sicily.     Lat.  38°  17'  N.;  Ion.  15°  15'  E. 

Cape  Mirik,  mee'rik,  or  Mirk,  meerk,  a  headland  of 
AVestern  Africa.     Lat.  19°  22'  14"  N.;  Ion.  16°  20'  36"  W. 

Cape  Mondego,  mon-di'go,  a  headland  on  the  W. 
coast  of  Portugal,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mondego  River. 
Lat.  40°  12'  N. ;  Ion.  8°  63'  W. 

Cape  Monte  Christi,  mon'ti.  kris'tee,  on  the  N.  coast 
of  Hayti.     Lat.  19°  54'  N. ;  Ion.  71°  45'  W. 

Cape  Monte  Santo,  mon'ti  sln'to,  in  Turkey,  the 
S.E.  extremity  of  Athos.     Lat.  40°  13'  N. ;  Ion.  24°  23'  E. 

Cape  Monze,  mon'zfih,  orRas-Moarree,  mo-ar'ree, 
a  headland  forming  the  W.  extremity  of  Sinde  and  the  E. 
frontier  of  Beloochistan.     Lat.  24°  61'  N. ;  Ion.  66°  37'  E. 

Cape  Mount,  a  headland  of  Western  Africa.  Lat.  6° 
46'  N. ;  Ion.  11°  15'  AV. 

Cape  Mount,  a  river  of  Western  Africa,  which  falls 
into  the  Atlantic  Ocean  in  lat.  6°  44'  N.,  Ion.  11°  26'  AV. 

Cape  Nabon,  nd'bon'  (or  Nabend,  ni.'bend'),  a  head- 
land of  Persia,  on  the  coast  of  the  Persian  Gulf.  Lat.  27" 
33'  N.;  Ion.  52°  39'  E. 

Cape  Nao,  ni'o,  on  the  coast  of  Valencia,  Spain,  is  47 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Alicante.     Lat.  38°  44'  N.;  Ion.  0°  12'  E. 

Cape  Napier,  n^'p^-er,  is  in  the  S.  part  of  Prince  Al- 
bert Land,  at  the  entrance  of  Russell  Gulf.  Lat.  70°  30' 
N.;  Ion.  116°  40'  AV. 

Cape  Naturaliste,  nit-oo-ral-leest',  a  headland  of 
Australia,  forming  the  AV.  side  of  Gcographe  Bay.  Lat. 
33°  31'  45"  S. 

Cape  Nau,  ni'oo  (anc.  Lactn'tum  Promonto' rium),  a 
headland  of  Southern  Italy,  forming  the  E.  extremity  of 
Catanzaro,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Cotrone.  Here  Hannibal  is  said 
to  have  embarked  on  leaving  Italy,  B.C.  202. 

Cape  Naze,  or  Lindesnaes.    See  Naze. 

Cape  Ned'dick,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co..  Me.,  in 
York  township,  on  the  sea-coast,  about  14  miles  N.E.  of 
Portsmouth,  N.H.     It  has  a  church,  a  woollen-ftvctory,  Ac. 

Cape  Neddick  (or  Neddock)  is  a  headland  a  few 
miles  S.W.  of  the  above,  and  35  miles  S.AV.  of  Portland. 

Cape  Negrais,  ne-grice',  a  headland  on  the  coast  of 
British  Burmah.     Lat.  16°  1'  30"  N. ;  Ion.  94°  12'  E. 

Cape  Negro,  nee'gro  or  ni'gro,  Africa,  on  the  S.W. 
coast  of  Benguela.     Lat.  16°  45'  S. ;  Ion.  11°  49'  E. 

Cape  Negro,  Africa,  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  Tunis.  Lat. 
37°  8'  N. ;  Ion.  9°  5'  E. 

Cape  Negro,  a  post-village  in  Shelburne  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  a  headland  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  7  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Barrington.     Pop.  360. 

Cape  Negro  Island,  a  small  island  and  light-station 
at  the  entrance  to  Cape  Negro  Harbor,  Shelburne  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Barrington.     Pop.  160. 

Cape  Noir,  nor  (Fr.  pron.  nwan),  South  America, 
on  the  island  of  Noir,  off  the  S.W.  coast  of  Terra  del  Fuego. 
Lat.  64°  30'  S. ;  Ion.  73°  6'  40"  AV.    It  is  a  high  steep  rock. 

Cape  Noli,  no'lee,  a  headland  of  Italy,  on  the  coast  of 
Genoa.     Lat.  44°  12'  N. ;  Ion.  8°  23'  E. 


CAP 


792 


CAP 


Cape  Noon,  Nonily  or  Nan,  noon,  Africa,  on  the  W. 
;  of  Moroooo.     Lat.  280  45'  N. ;  Ion.  11°  6'  W. 

Cane  Nooniagnto  (or  NouniaKiiio),  noo-no-Ag'mo, 
IkheMmuid  forming  tho  X.K.  extremity  of  Lawrence  Bay, 
on  th«  oo»st  of  Asia,  near  tho  point  where  it  approaches 
n«ftrei>t  to  America,  about  lat.  65°  20'  N.,  Ion.  171*  W. 

Cnpe  Nordkyn,  noitt'kin',  the  most  N.  point  of  the 
mainliinJ  of  Europe,  in  Norwegian  Lapland,  45  miles  E.  of 
North  Cape.     Lat.  71°  6'  N. 

Cnpc  ^fo^'mnn,  a  headland  on  tho  N.  extremity  of 
Newfoundland,  in  tho  Straits  of  Belle  Isle.  Lat.  51°  38'  N.  ,- 
Ion.  55°  6.1'  40"  \V.     On  it  is  a  light-house. 

Cape  North,  a  colcbrntod  promontory,  forming  the 
Borthornroost  point  of  Europe,  and  situated  on  the  N.  ex- 
tremity of  tho  island  of  Magcroe,  which  is  separated  from 
the  mainland  of  Norway  by  a  narrow  channel.  Lat.  71° 
10'  12"  N. ;  Ion.  25°  46'  E.  It  consists  of  a  long  row  of 
precipitous  rooks  jutting  out  into  the  sea,  and  terminating 
above,  partly  in  pyramidal  peaks,  and  partly  in  a  kind  of 
table-land,  at  the  height  of  about  1200  feet. 

Cape  North  (or  Sievernoi,  sc-i'vdu-noi'),  a  headland 
on  the  N.  coast  of  Siberia.    Lat.  6S°  56'  N. ;  Ion.  179°  9'  W. 

Cape  North,  the  N.E.  extremity  of  tho  island  of  Cape 
Breton.     Lat.  47°  2'  N.;  Ion.  64°  5'  W. 

Cape  North  (Port.  Cabo  do  Norte,  k&'bo  do  non'ti). 
South  America,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Brazil,  at  the  northern- 
most mouth  of  tho  Amazon.    Lat.  1°  51'  N. ;  Ion.  50°  10'  W. 

Cape  North,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Prince  Edward  Island, 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence.     Lat.  47°  5'  N.;  Ion.  64°  5'  W. 

Cape  North  or  O'too'  (Otou),  the  N.  extremity  of 
New  Zealand.     Lat.  34°  22'  S. ;  Ion.  173°  E. 

Cape  Northum'bcrland,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Aus- 
tralia.    Lat.  38°  5'  S. ;  Ion.  140°  37'  E. 

Cape  Nose,  Africa.     See  IIas-Bernass. 

Cape  Noun,  Morocco.    Seo  Cape  Noo.v. 

Cape  Nouniagmo.    Seo  Cape  Nooxiagmo. 

Cape  Novosilzov,  no-vo-sil-zov',  a  headland  of  Japan, 
on  the  W.  coast  of  the  island  of  Yesso.  Lat.  43°  14'  30"  N.; 
Ion.  140°  25'  30"  E. 

Cape  Nun,  Morocco.    See  Cape  Noon. 

Cape  of  Good  Hope,  or  Cape  Peak,  a  celebrated 
promontory  of  South  Africa,  on  the  S.  extremity  of  the 
Table  Mountain,  having  Table  Bay  on  the  E.,  and  the  At- 
lantic on  the  W.,  30  milos  S.  of  Cape  Town,  lat.  34°  22'  S., 
Ion.  18°  29'  E.,  and  forming  a  bold  promontory  rising 
nearly  1000  feet  above  the  sea.  This  cape,  celebrated  in 
the  annals  of  navigation,  was  discovered  in  the  year  1486 
by  the  Portuguese  navigator  Bartholomew  Diaz,  who,  not 
being  able  to  double  it,  and  having  encountered  much  bad 
■weather  in  its  neighborhood,  gave  it  tho  name  of  Cabo  dos 
Tormentos  (ki'bo  doce  toR-mfin'toce),  or  "  Cape  of  Tempests." 
John  II.,  King  of  Portugal,  considering  this  point  as  the 
goal  of  that  gradual  circumnavigation  of  the  African  conti- 
nent which  had  long  engaged  tho  attention  of  tho  Portu- 
guese, gave  it,  instead,  the  title  of  Cabo  de  Boa  Es- 
perauQa  (kl'bo  di  bo'i  fis-pi-rS.n'sil),  or  "Cape  of  Good 
Hope."  Shortly  after,  November  20,  1497,  Vasco  da  Qama 
Buccceded  in  doubling  it,  and  was  the  first  European  who 
by  this  route  reached  the  Indian  Ocean.    Seo  Cape  Colony. 

Cape  Omman'ey,  Alaska,  is  the  S.  point  of  Bardnoff 
Island,  at  the  entrance  to  Christian  Sound.  Lat.  56°  10' 
N. ;  Ion.  134°  34'  W. 

Cape  Or'ange,  in  the  Straits  of  Magellan,  on  the 
coast  of  Terra  del  Fuego.     Lat.  52°  35'  S. ;  Ion.  69°  30'  W. 

Cape  Orford,  Oregon.    See  Cape  Blanco. 

Cape  Ortegal,  oR-ti-gil',  a  headland  of  Spain,  in  the 
N.  part  of  G.alicia.     Lat.  43°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  7°  56'  W. 

Cape  Ortegal ,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  New  Munster,  New 
Zealand,  lat.  43°  45'  S.,  Ion.  172°  7'  E.,  the  inhabitonts 
being  nearly  the  antipodes  of  those  of  Cape  Ortegal  in  Spain. 

Cape  Otoo,  New  Zealand.     See  Cape  North. 

Cape  Otran'to,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Strait  of  Otranto, 
■which  connects  the  Adriatic  with  the  Mediterranean  Sea. 
Lat.  40°  8'  N. ;  Ion.  18°  29'  E. 

Cape  Ot'ivay,  a  headland  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Aus- 
trali.a.     Lat.  38°  61'  S.;  Ion.  143°  45'  E. 

Cape  Failluri  (or  Paillouri),  pi-loo'ree,  a  promon- 
tory of  Turkish  Roumelia,  at  tho  S.  extremity  of  the  penin- 
sula of  Cassandra.     Lat.  39°  55'  N. 

Cape  (or  Point)  Palinuro,  pi-le-noo'ro  (ano.  Palt- 
nu'ri  Promonto'riam),  a  headland  of  Italy,  N.W.  of  the 
entrance  to  the  Gulf  of  Policastro.  Lat.  40°  N. ;  Ion.  16° 
15'  E.     It  is  sometimes  called  Cape  Spartimento. 

Cape  Palnias,  pil'm&s,  a  headland  of  Liberia,  sur- 
mounted by  a  fixed  light.  Lat.  4°  22'  6"  N. ;  Ion.  7°  44' 
J 5'  W.  It  gives  name  to  a  diocese  of  the  Protestant  Epis- 
copal Church. 


Capo  Palmerston,  p&'m^r-st^n,  a  headland  of  Eait 

Australia.     Lat.  21°  30'  S. ;  Ion.  149°  30'  E. 

Cape  Pnlo8,pl'loce  (Sp.  Cuba  de  PaloB,  kU'Dodd  p4'. 
looe),  a  headland  of  Spain,  on  tho  coast  of  Murcia.  Lat.  37« 
84'  N.;  Ion.  0°  40'  W. 

Cape  Papas,  in  Greece.    See  Cape  Kalooria. 

Cape  Par'ry,  British  North  America,  is  on  the  Arotk 
Ocean,  near  lat.  69°  N.,  Ion.  123°  35'  W.  It  terminates  • 
promontory  bounding  Franklin  Bay  on  the  E. 

Cape  Parry,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Greenland,  on  the  8. 
head  of  Whale  Sound,  near  the  N.  extremity  of  Baffin's  Bay. 
Lat.  77°  6'  N.;  Ion.  71°  2.3'  W. 

Cape  Parry,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Greenland.  Lat.  "S-* 
22'  N.;  Ion.  22°  2'  W. 

Cape  Passaro  (or  Pa8sero),pl8'8a-ro  (ancPacAy' 
num  Fromonto' rium),  at  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Sicily,  28 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Syracuse.  Lat.  36°  41'  30"  N.;  Ion.  16« 
7'  E.  It  is  a  low  rocky  point,  forming  the  E.  side  of  tho 
cove  of  Porto  Palo. 

Cape  Patani  (or  Patany),  p&-t&'nee,  on  the  E.  coan 
of  the  Malay  Peninsula,  at  the  entrance  to  the  Gulf  of 
Siam.     Lat.  7°  4'  N. ;  Ion.  101°  5'  E. 

Cape  Patience,  pd'sh^nss,  Asia,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of 
the  island  of  Saglmlin.     Lat.  49°  N. 

Cape  Peak,  Africa.    See  Cape  op  Good  Hopk. 

Cape  Pecora,  pi'ko-r4,  on  the  AV.  coast  of  Sardinia. 
Lat.  39°  27'  N. ;  Ion.  8°  27'  E. 

Cape  Pel 'lew,  the  N.  point  of  North  Island,  Sir  Ed- 
ward Pellew  group.     Lat.  15°  30'  S. ;  Ion.  137°  2'  E. 

Cape  Peloro,  Sicily.    See  Cape  Faro. 

Cape  Pem'broke,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Southamptua 
Island,  Hudson's  Bay. 

Cape  Peiias  (or  Pegnas),  pfin'yis  (Sp.  Cabo  de 
PeHas,  ki'Bo  dA  pSn'yls,  i.e.,  "Cape  of  Hocks"),  a  head- 
land of  Spain,  on  the  coast  of  Asturios.  Lat.  43°  41'  N.; 
Ion.  5°  53'  W. 

Cape  Peflas,  pftn'yils,  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Terra  del 
Fuego.     Lat.  53°  5U'  S. ;  Ion.  67°  35'  W. 

Cape  Pengepell,  pSng'g^h-pgl',  a  N.W.  promontory 
of  Kamchatka.     Lat.  59°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  160°  10'  E. 

Cape  Pera,  p^'ri,  on  the  £.  coast  of  Majorca.  Lat 
39°  42'  N.;  Ion.  3°  32'  E. 

Cape  Perpet'ua,  in  Benton  co.,  Oregon.  Lat.  about 
44°  15'  N.;  Ion.  about  124°  10'  W. 

Cape  Fila,  pec'li,  a  headland  on  tho  S.E.  coast  of 
Cyprus.     Lat.  34°  55'  N. ;  Ion.  .34°  10'  E. 

Cape  Pil'lar,  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  Terra  del  Fuego, 
forming  tho  S.W.  entrance  into  the  Straits  of  Magellan 
from  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Lat.  52°  45'  S. ;  Ion.  74°  47'  W. 
It  is  a  very  elevated  mass  of  rocks,  which  terminate  in 
two  cliffs,  in  the  shape  of  towers,  inclining  to  the  N.W. 

Cape  Pil'lar,  the  southeastern  most  headland  of  Tas- 
mania.    Lat.  43°  12'  S.;  Ion.  148°  7'  E. 

Cape  Pine,  a  headland,  with  a  light-house,  on  the 
southern  part  of  the  peninsula  of  Avalon,  Newfoundland, 
15  miles  S.W.  of  Trepassey. 

Cape  Poge  (or  Pogue),  poag,  the  N.  end  of  Chap- 
paquiddick  Island,  immediately  E.  of  Martha's  Vineyard. 
It  has  a  fixed  light,  55  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 
Lat.  41°  25'  10"  N.;  Ion.  70°  27'  W. 

Cape  Polo,  on  the  coast  of  Sardinia.    See  Cape  Pula. 

Cape  Porpoise,  por'pus,  a  post-village  of  York  co., 
Me.,  in  Kennebunkport  township,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean, 
24  miles  S.S.W.  of  Portland.  It  has  a  church.  Lat.  43° 
21'  N. ;  Ion.  70°  25'  W.  Many  of  its  inhabitants  are  em- 
ployed in  fisheries.     Pop.  about  400. 

Cape  Port'Iand,  one  of  the  most  northerly  points  of 
Tasmania.     Lat.  40°  45'  S. ;  Ion.  147°  56'  E. 

Cape  Prince  of  Wales,  a  remarkable  promontory, 
forming  the  most  W.  point  of  North  America,  in  Behring 
Strait.     Lat.  65°  33'  30"  N.;  Ion.  167°  59'  10"  W. 

Cape  Prior,  pre-oR',  Spain,  on  the  coast  of  Galicia. 
Lat.  43°  33'  N.;  Ion.  8°  15'  W. 

Cape  Pula,  poo'li  (sometimes  written  Polo),  on  the 
S.  coast  of  Sardinia,  at  the  S.W.  extremity  of  tho  Gulf  of 
Cagliari.     Lat.  39°  3'  N.;  Ion.  9°  2'  E. 

Cape  Race,  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Newfoundland. 
Lat.  46°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  52°  54'  W.  It  has  a  light-house,  ex- 
hibiting a  revolving  light  180  feet  above  the  sea. 

Cape  Rad'stock,  a  headland  of  Australia,  at  the  en« 
trance  of  Anxious  Biiy.     Lat.  32°  12'  S. ;  Ion.  134°  15'  E. 

Cape  Rafael,  rh-fk-iV,  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Hayti. 
Lat.  19°  2'  N.;  Ion.  68°  53'  W. 

Cape  Ray,  the  S.W.  point  of  Newfoundland.  Lat.  47* 
S5'  N.;  Ion.  69°  15'  W. 

Cape  Rena,  ri'ni,  the  S.E.  point  of  the  island  of 
Skyros.     Lat.  38°  46'  N. ;  Ion.  24°  40'  E. 


CAP 


798 


CAP 


Cape  Rcn'nel,  the  N.  extremity  of  North  Somerset, 
on  Barrow  Strait.     Lat.  74°  10'  N.;  Ion.  93°  15'  W. 

Cape  Resolu'tion,  a  headland  of  British  America, 
near  the  entrance  of  Hudson's  Strait.     Lat.  61°  29'  N. 

Cape  River,  or  Vaunks,  called  also  Rio  de  Se- 
irovia,  ree'o  dA,  si-go've-i,  a  largo  river  of  Nicaragua, 
enters  the  Caribbean  Sea  at  Cape  Gracias-d-Dios,  after  a 
?N.B.  course,  estimated  at  from  250  to  300  miles,  through  a 
■  territory  mostly  of  high  fertility.  It  is  navigable  from  the 
'sea  for  a  considerable  distance,  beyond  which  its  course  is 
!  impeded  by  numerous  cataracts  and  shallows.  The  city  of 
Segovia  is  near  its  source. 

i     Cape  Riv'ers,  the  N.AV.  point  of  the  island  of  Celebes. 
Lat.  1°  20'  N.;  Ion.  120°  40'  E. 

Cape  Rizzuto,  rit-soo'to,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  Calabria. 
Lat.  3S°  54'  N.;  Ion.  17°  E. 

Caper'naiim,  an  ancient  city  of  Palestine,  supposed  to 
[have  been  at  Khan-Minyeh,  on  the  W.  shore  of  Lake  Tibe- 
rias, 5i  miles  N.W.  of  Tiberias.  Here  is  a  copious  spring 
called  Abi-cl-Zin.  This  place  is  identified  by  some  writers 
with  Capernaum,  the  Cupharnatim  of  Josephus,  while  others 
place  its  locality  at  Tcll-el-Ham,  3i  miles  to  the  N.B. 

Cape  Rob'ertson,  the  S.  extremity  of  Prudhoe  Land, 
in  Whale  Sound.     Lnt.  78°  N. ;  Ion.  72°  20'  W. 

Cape  Roca,  ro'kA  (Port.  Gaho  da  Boca,  k^'bo  dS, 
ro'ki),  on  the  W.  coast  of  Portugal,  called  also  The  Hock 
of  Lisbon.     Lat.  38°  45'  N.;  Ion.  9°  34'  W. 

Cape  Rodoni,  ro-do'nee,  on  the  coast  of  Albania,  in 
the  Adriatic.     Lat.  45°  55'  N. ;  Ion.  19°  E. 

Cape  Romain',  South  Carolina,  a  very  low  point  of 
land,  destitute  of  trees  or  shrubbery,  37  miles  N.E.  of 
Charleston.  There  is  a  flashing  light,  150  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  sea,  on  the  E.  end  of  the  Great  Raccoon  Key,  bearing 
S.  by  W.  from  the  cape.     Lat.  33°  1'  N. ;  Ion.  79°  22'  W. 

Cape  Ro'man  or  Romano,  ro-m&'no,  a  low  point 
on  the  W.  coast  of  Florida,  312  miles  S.S.E.  of  Tallahassee. 
Lat.  25°  54'  N.;  Ion.  81°  54'  W. 

Cape  Romania,  ro-md-nco'i,  the  southernmost  point 
of  Malacca  and  of  Asia,  is  in  lat.  1°  18'  N.,  Ion.  104°  15'  E. 

Cape  Romanzotf,  ro-min'tsoff.  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Alaska,  near  the  entrance  of  Behring  Strait. 

Cape  Roxo,  rox'o  or  ro'sho,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Africa. 
Lat.  12°  16'  N. ;  Ion.  16°  45'  W. 

Cape  Roxo,  rox'o  or  ro'no,  on  the  SAY.  coast  of  Porto 
Rico,  near  lat.  17°  50'  N.,  Ion.  67°  5'  W. 

Cape  Rozier,  ro'zeer  (Fr.  pron.  ro'ze-i'),  a  headland 
in  tlie  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  9  miles  from  Gaspe.  Lat.  48° 
51'  57"  N.;  Ion.  64°  12'  W,     It  has  a  light-house. 

Cape  Ro'zier,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co..  Me.,  on 
Penobscot  Bay,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Belfast.  It  is  on  a  point 
of  land  which  projects  into  the  bay. 

Cape  Run'away,  on  the  E.  coast  of  New  Zealand. 
Lat.  37°  32'  S.;  Ion.  178°  12'  E. 

Cape  Sabine,  sab'in,  in  the  E.  part  of  Ellesmere 
Land,  on  Smith  Sound.     Lat.  78°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  77°  30'  W. 

Cape  Sa'ble,  the  S.  extremity  of  Nova  Scotia.  Lat. 
43°  26'  N.;  Ion.  65°  38'  W. 

Cape  Sable,  Florida,  the  most  S.  point  of  the  main- 
land of  the  peninsula.     Lat.  24°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  81°  15'  W. 

Cape  Sable  Island,  the  S.  extremity  of  Nova 
Scotia.  Lat.  43°  26'  N. ;  Ion.  65°  38'  W.  It  has  a  light- 
house, exhibiting  a  powerful  revolving  light.  Pop.  1636. 
It  is  not  to  be  confounded  with  Sable  Island. 

Cape  Sable  Island,  a  post-village  on  the  above 
island,  5  miles  from  Barrington.     Pop.  600. 

Cape  Sacratif,  si-kri-teef,  Spain,  on  the  coast  of 
Granada.     Lat.  36°  40'  N.  ,•  Ion.  3°  28'  W. 

Cape  Saint  Andrew,  sent  an'droo  (It.  Capo  diSant' 
Andrea,  kd'po  dee  sAnt  in-dri'i),  on  the  E.  coast  of  Sicily. 
Lat.  37°  47'  N.;  Ion.  15°  20'  E. 

Cape  Saint  Andrew,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Madagascar. 
Lat.  16°  10' S.;  Ion.  45°  26' E. 

Cape  Saint  Ann,  Africa,  the  extreme  N.W.  point  of 
Shcrbro  Island,  coast  of  Sierra  Leone.  Lat.  7°  34'  N. :  Ion. 
12°  57'  W. 

Cape  Saint  Ann,  a  headland  on  the  N.W.  coast  of 
Africa,  about  35  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cape  Blanco.  Lat.  20°  30' 
N. ;  Ion.  17°  W. 

Cape  Saint  An'thony,  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Arabia, 
near  the  Strait  of  Bab-el-Mandeb.  Lat.  12°  35'  N.;  Ion. 
43°  56'  E.     Its  summit  is  2772  feet  above  the  sea. 

Cape  Saint  Antonio.    See  Cape  San  Antonio. 

Cape  Saint  A.ugustine,  sent  iw'gus-teen,  on  the  W. 
COa«t  of  Madagascar.     Lat.  23°  35'  S. ;  Ion.  43°  30'  E. 

Cape  Saint  Augustine  (Port.  Santo  Agostinho,  sin'to 
i-gos-teen'yo),  the  most  E.  headland  of  South  America,  on 
the  coast  of  Brazil.     Lat.  8°  21'  S.;  Ion.  34°  56'  W.    This 
51 


was  the  first  land  discovered  in  South  America  j  seen  by 
Piufon,  A.D.  1500. 

Cape  Saint  Augustine  (Sp.  San  Atiguatin,  sin  6w- 
goos-teen'),  a  headland  on  the  coast  of  the  United  States  of 
Colombia.     Lat.  10°  14'  6"  N. ;  Ion.  80°  49'  35"  W. 

Cape  Saint  Augustine,  a  headland  at  the  S.E. 
extremity  of  the  island  of  Mindanao.  Lat.  6°  4'  N.  j  Ion. 
126°  13'  E. 

Cape  Saint  Bias.    See  Cape  San  Blas. 

Cape  Saint  Epiphany,  e-pif  a-ne,  or  Saint  Epi« 
pha'nius  (anc.  Ac'amu»  Promonto' rium),  the  N.W.  ex- 
tremity of  Cyprus,  near  lat.  35°  14'  N.,  Ion.  32°  17'  E. 

Cape  Saint  Fran'cis,  a  headland  of  Africa,  on  the 
coast  of  Cape  Colony,  AY.  of  St.  Francis  Bay.  Lat.  34°  lU' 
S. ;  Ion.  24°  52'  45"  E. 

Cape  Saint  Francis,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Newfound- 
land, on  the  E.  side  of  Conception  Bay.  Lat.  47°  48'  N. ; 
Ion.  52°  51'  W. 

Cape  Saint  George,  the  S.  promontory  of  the  island 
of  New  Ireland.     Lat.  4°  45'  S. ;  Ion.  152°  40'  E. 

Cape  Saint  George,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  Australia. 
Lat.  35°  10'  S.;  Ion.  150°  59'  E. 

Cape  Saint  George,  the  S.  extremity  of  Kerguelen 
Land.     Lat.  49°  54'  S.;  Ion.  70°  10'  E. 

Cape  Saint  George,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Newfound- 
land, at  the  entrance  to  St.  George's  Bay.  Lat.  48°  29'  K.; 
Ion.  59°  16'  W. 

Cape  Saint  George,  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Nova 
Scotia,  at  the  W.  entrance  to  a  bay  of  its  own  name.  Lat. 
42°  52'  N. ;  Ion.  61°  52'  AV. 

Cape  Saint  George,  the  southern  point  of  St. 
George's  Island,  S.  of  Franklin  co.,  Fla.  On  it  is  a  fixed 
light,  65  feet  high.     Lat.  29°  35'  N.;  Ion.  85°  4'  AV. 

Cape  Saint  James,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  French 
Cochin  Chin.a,  extending  into  the  China  Sea,  near  lat.  10° 
32'  N.,  Ion.  107°  5'  E. 

Cape  Saint  James,  the  S.  extremity  of  Prevost 
Island,  and  of  the  Queen  Charlotte  group,  British  Colum- 
bia.    Lat.  about  52°  N. ;  Ion.  131°  AV. 

Cape  Saint  John,  tho  E.  point  of  Staten  Island,  off 
Terra  del  Fucgo,  near  lat.  54°  46'  S.,  Ion.  63°  45'  AV. 

Cape  Saint  Jorge  (or  San  Jorge).  See  Cape  Blanco. 

Cape  Saint  Law'rence,  the  N.  extremity  of  Cape 
Breton,  extending  into  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence.  Lat.  47° 
5'  N. ;  Ion.  60°  35'  AV. 

Cape  Saint  Lucas,  sent  loo'kas,  the  S.  extremity  of 
Lower  California.     Lat.  22°  44' N.; 'ion.  109°  54' AV. 

Cape  Saint  Mary,  Africa,  on  the  AV.  coast  of  Sene- 
gambia,  forming  the  S.AV.  entrance  to  the  estuary  of  the 
Gambia.     Lat.  13°  30'  N.;  Ion.  16°  41'  AV. 

Cape  Saint  Mary,  Africa,  on  the  S.AV.  coast  of  Ben- 
guela.     Lat.  13°  25'  S. ;  Ion.  12°  33'  E. 

Cape  Saint  Mary,  on  the  southern  coast  of  Newfound- 
land, between  Placentia  and  St.  Mary's  Bay.  Lat.  46°  50' 
N. :  Ion.  54°  15'  AV.     It  has  a  light-house. 

Cape  Saint  Mary,  on  the  S.AV.  coast  of  Nova  Scotia, 
forming  the  southern  headland  of  a  bay  of  the  same  name. 
Lat.  44°  7'  N. ;  Ion.  6°  15'  AV.     It  has  a  light-house. 

Cape  Saint  Mary,  a  headland  of  South  America,  on 
the  B.  coast  of  Uruguay.     Lat.  34°  39'  S. ;  Ion.  64°  9'  AV. 

Cape  Saint  Mary,  the  S.  extremity  of  Madagascar. 
Lat.  25°  33'  54"  S. ;  Ion.  45°  42'  E. 

Cape  Saint  Mary,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  the  island  of 
New  Ireland.     Lat.  4°  2'  S. ;  Ion.  153°  18'  E. 

Cape  Saint  Nic'olas  (Fr.  pron.  s&n"  nee'ko'li'),  on 
the  N.AV.  extremity  of  Hayti.  Lat.  19°  51'  N. ;  Ion.  73°  27'  AV. 

Cape  Saint  Paul,  Africa,  on  the  Slave  Coast.  Lat. 
5°  45'  N.;  Ion.  0°  53'  E. 

Cape  Saint  Roque,  rok  or  ro'kS.,  a  promontory  on 
the  N.E.  coast  of  Brazil.  Lat.  5°  28'  S.;  Ion.  35°  16'  AV. 
After  Cape  St.  Augustine,  it  is  the  most  E.  point  of  South 
America. 

Cape  Saint  Sebastian.    See  Cape  Sebastian. 

Cape  Saint  Thad'deus,  a  headland  of  Kamchatka. 
Lat.  62°  40'  N.;  Ion.  179°  44'  40"  E. 

Cape  Saint  Thomas  (Port.  Calo  de  Sdo  Thomt, 
ki'bo  di  SOWN"  to-mi'),  a  headland  on  the  S.E.  coast  of 
Brazil,  near  lat.  22°  S.,  Ion.  41°  W. 

Cape  Saint  Vin'cent  (Port.  Sdo  Vicente,  8own»  ve- 
sen'ti ;  anc.  Promonto' rium  Sa'crum),  the  S.AV.  extremity 
of  Portugal.     Lat.  37°  2'  9"  N. ;  Ion,  9°  W. 

Cape  Saint  Vincent,  on  the  AV.  coast  of  Madagas- 
car.     Lat.  21°  60'  S. ;  Ion.  43°  20'  E. 

Cape  Saint  Vincent,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Terra  del 
Fuego.     Lat.  54°  38'  S. ;  Ion.  65°  15'  AV. 

Cape  Salimone  (or  Salamone),  si-la-mo'nee,  the 
E.  point  of  Crete.    Lat.  35°  20'  N.;  Ion.  26°  20'  E. 


CAP 


^W 


•CAP 


Cape  Salinas,  si-le«'niLs,  the  S.  extremity  of  the  island 
of  Majorca.     Lnt.  39°  16'  N. ;  Ion.  3°  7'  E. 

Cape  (or  Poiut)  Salines,  nAMecn',  a  promontory  on 
the  E.  ooMt  of  Martinique,  near  lat.  14°  25'  N.,  Ion.  61°  W, 

Cane  Samnnn,  8&-m&-n&',  the  E.  extremity  of  Samana 
Island.     Lat.  ll»°  IS'  N. ;  Ion.  6it°  8'  W. 

Cape  (or  Point)  Sanibnr,  »&ra-bar',  the  S.E.  ex- 
tremity of  Borneo.     Lat.  3°  52'  S. ;  Ion.  110°  15'  E. 

Cape  Samboangan,  sim-bo-in-g&n',  on  the  S.W. 
«e«8t  of  Mindanao  Island.   Lat.  «"  43'  N. ;  Ion.  122°  10'  E. 

Cape  Sninbro,  B&m'bro,  on  the  S.E.  coa«t  of  Nova 
Bcotia,  ha«  a  light-house.    Lat.  44°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  63°  32'  W. 

Cape  (or  Point)  SampanniaiUo,a&m-p&n-m&n'yo, 
the  N,  extremity  of  Borneo.     Lat.  7°  6'  N. ;  Ion.  116°  52'  E. 

Cape  San  Antonio,  g&n  &n-to'ne-o,  a  headland  of 
Spain,  on  the  ooa«t  of  Valencia,  forming  the  N.  extremity 
of  the  Bay  of  Jaboa.     Lat.  38°  48'  5"  N.;  Ion.  0°  10'  E. 

Cnpc  San  Antonio,  shn  &n-to'no-o,  the  W.  extrem- 
ity of  Cuba.     Lat.  21°  61'  6"  N. ;  Ion.  84°  67'  2"  W, 

Cape  San  Antonio,  s&n  &n-to'ne-o,  a  headland  of 
Brazil,  at  the  entrano«  to  the  Bay  of  Bahia.  Lat.  13°  0' 
7"  S. ;  Ion.  38°  31'  7"  W.     Iloro  is  a  light  140  feet  high. 

Cape  San  Antonio,  s&n  &n-to'ne-o,  an  elevated 
promontory  of  Buenos  Ayres,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Rio  do 
la  Plata,  S.  side.     Lat.  36'  19'  S.;  Ion.  66°  45'  W. 

Cape  San  Antonio,  s&n  &.n-to'nc-o,  a  peak  at  the 
N.E.  extremity  of  the  island  of  Koonashcer,  one  of  the 
Kooril  group,  near  lat.  44°  29'  N.,  Ion.  146°  8'  E. 

Cape  San  Bias,  s&n  bl&s  (or  Saint  Bias),  a  low 
point  of  land  extending  about  2  miles  from  the  S.  coast  of 
Florida,  125  miles  S.E.  of  Pensacola.  It  has  a  revolving 
light,  65  feet  high.     Lat.  29°  39'  N.;  Ion.  85°  21'  W. 

Cape  San  Bias,  siVn  bl&s,  a  headland  on  the  N.  coast 
of  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  at  the  N.W.  entrance  to  San 
Bias  Bay.     Lat.  9°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  78°  58'  AV. 

Cape  San  Diego,  sin  dc-i'go,  a  headland  of  South 
America,  bounding  on  the  W.  the  Straits  of  Le  Maire. 
Lat.  54°  33'  S. ;  Ion.  65°  14'  W. 

Cape  Sand'wich,  on  the  coast  of  Hinchinbrook 
Island,  Queensland.     Lat.  18°  13'  S.;  Ion.  146°  19'  E. 

Cape  San'dy,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Australia,  at  the  en- 
trance to  Hervey  Bay.     Lat.  24°  45'  S. ;  Ion.  153°  45'  E. 

Cape  San'dy,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Ohio  Rivor,  8  miles  below  Leavenworth.  Here  is  a  steam- 
boat-landing. 

Cape  San  Francisco,  sJln  frin-sees'ko,  on  the  W. 
coast  of  Ecuador.     Lat.  0°  40'  N, ;  Ion.  80°  5'  W. 

Cape  San  Ildefonso,  s&n  eel-d^-fon'so,  on  the  E. 
coast  of  Luzon,  Philippine  Islands.  Lat.  15°  15'  N.;  Ion. 
121°  56'  E. 

Cape  San  Jn'an  (Sp.  pron,  s8,n  Hoo-&n')  is  the  N.E. 
extremity  of  the  island  of  Porto  Rico ;  also  the  S.  point  of 
Vancouver's  Island,  in  British  Columbia,  bounded  S.  by 
the  Strait  of  Juan  de  Fuca. 

Cape  (or  Point)  San  Julian,  s&n  ju'le-%n  or  g&n 
.noo-le-3.n'.  South  America,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Patagonia,  at 
the  entrance  to  San  Julian's  Bay.     Lat.  49°  15'  S. 

Cape  San  Loren'zo,  South  America,  on  the  W.  coast 
of  Ecuador.     Lat.  1°  S.;  Ion.  80°  52'  W. 

Cape  San  Marco,  sin  maa'ko,  on  the  S.W.  coast  of 
•Sicily.     Lat.  37°  29'  N.;  Ion.  13°  6'  E. 

Cape  San  Marco,  s&n  maR'ko,  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Sardinia,  at  the  N.  entrance  to  the  Gulf  of  Oristano.  Lat. 
39°  52'  N.;  Ion.  8°  23'  E. 

Cape  San  Martin,  s&n  mar-teen',  Spain,  in  Valencia, 
•  alieadland  on  the  Mediterranean,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Denia. 

Cape  San  Nicolo,  s&n  nee-ko-lo',  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Sardinia.     Lat.  39°  25'  N. ;  Ion.  8°  28'  E. 

Cape  Santa  Catalina,  8&n't&  k&-t&-1ee'n&,  on  the 
W.  coast  of  Central  America,  70  miles  S.S.W.  from  Nica- 
ragua.    Lat.  10°  35'  N. 

Cape  Santa  Lucia,  s&n't&  loo-see'&,  the  W.  ex- 
tremity of  Cambridge  Island,  oflF  the  W.  coast  of  Patagonia. 
Lat.  51°  25'  S.;  Ion.  75°  12'  W. 

Cape  Santa  Maria,  s&n't&  m&-ree'&,  South  America, 
"on  the  S.E.  coast  of  Uruguay,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Rio  de 
la  Plata.     Lat.  33°  40'  S. ;  Ion.  54°  15'  W. 

Cape  Santa  Maria  di  Leuca.    See  Cape  Leuca. 

Cape  Sant'  Angelo,  Greece.    See  Cape  Malia. 

Cape  Santa  Pola,  8&n't&  po'l&,  Spain,  on  the  S.E. 
coast  of  Valencia,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Alicante,  near  lat.  38° 
13'  N.,  Ion.  0°  32'  W. 

Cape  Santiago,  8&n-te-&'go,  a  headland  on  the  W. 
coast  of  Luzon,  in  the  Philippines. 

Cape  San  Vito,  s&n  vee'to,  a  headland  forming  the 
N.W.  extremity  of  Sicily,  at  the  W.  entrance  to  the  Gulf 
of  Castel-a-Mare.     Lat.  38°  14'  N.;  kn.  12°  47'  E. 


Cape   SasBOso,  r&s-bo'so  (t.«.,  "rocky"  cape;  n 
PromuHto'rium  Vi'um),  on  the  N.  coast  of  Crete.     Lat.  .jj- 
35'  N.;  Ion.  25°  7'  K. 

Cape  Saun'dcrs,  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  the  Island  of 
South  Georgia.     Lat.  54°  10'  S. ;  Ion.  36°  57'  W. 

Cape  Saun'ders,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  New  Muni^«r 
New  Ze;iland.     Lat.  45°  86' S. ;  Ion.  170°  35' E.  ' 

Cape  Sebastian, se-b&s'chan,  a  headland  on  the  N  W. 
coast  of  Madagascar.     Lat,  12°  28'  8. ;  Ion.  48°  40'  E. 

Cape  Sedano,  sA-d&'no,  the  E.  extremity  of  Java,  N. 
of  the  entrance  to  Bali  Strait.     Lat.  8°  S. ;  Ion.  114°  ;',0'  K 

Cape  Selenia,  g&-l9-nco'&,  a  promontory  on  tlie  N.E. 
coast  of  Asia,  in  the  Sea  of  Anadeer.  Lat.  62°  42'  80" 
N.;  Ion.  177°  49'  48"  E. 

Cape  Selinti  (or  Sclinty),  se-lin'tee,  on  the  eout  of 
Asia  Minor,  32  miles  N.W.  of  Cape  Anamoor.  Near  it  ai« 
the  village  of  Selinty  and  the  mines  of  T rajanopolis. 

Cape  Serdze  Kamen,  sirtd'z^h  k&'m^n?,  on  the! 
N.E.  coast  of  Siberia,  at  the  entrance  of  Behring  Strait*,  i 
Lat.  66°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  170°  30'  W. 

Cape    Severo-Vostochnoi,   B&-v&'ro    vos-toic'nul  I 
(written  also  Sievero- Vostochnii,  8'j&-vi'ro  vos-toK'. 
8ee),  Cape  Chelyuskin,  or  North-East  Cape,  the 
northernmost  point  of  Chelyuskin  Peninsula  and  of  Asia. 
See  Chelyuskin  Peninsula. 

Cape  Shackleton,  sh&k'^l-t^n,  in  the  W.  part  of 
Greenland,  off  Baffin's  Bay.  Lat.  73°  45'  N.:  Ion.  56° 
30'  W. 

Cape  Sierra  Leone,  se-6r'ra  le-o'nee,  on  the  W. 
coast  of  Africa,  at  the  mouth  of  a  river  of  the  same  name, 
Lat.  8°  30'  N.;  Ion.  13°  18'  W. 

Cape  Sievernoi,  Russian  Asia.    See  Cape  Nokth. 

Cape  Sigri,  see'gree,  the  W.  extremity  of  the  island 
of  Mitylene.     Lat.  39°  26'  N. ;  Ion.  25°  45'  E. 

Cape  Sillciro,  seel-y&'e-ro,  Spain,  on  the  AV.  coast  of 
Galicia,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Rio  de  Vigo.  Lat.  42°  V 
N. ;  Ion.  8°  54'  W. 

Cape  Sisar,  se-san',  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  Borneo. 
Lat.  3°  40'  N.;  Ion.  112°  20'  E. 

Cape  Skagen,  sk&'gh^n,  or  The  Skaw,  skaw,  the 
N.  extremity  of  Jutland,  Denmark.  Lat.  of  light-house, 
57°  43'  8"  N. ;  Ion.  10°  36'  5"  E.  Near  it  is  a  small  town 
of  the  same  name.     Pop.  1619. 

Cape  Skil'lo,  on  tho  coast  of  Greece,  at  the  entrance 
to  the  Gulf  of  ^gina.     Lat.  37°  27'  N. ;  Ion.  23°  36'  E. 

Cape  Skropha,  skro'fi,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Greece, 
the  N.W.  headland  of  the  entrance  to  the  Gulf  of  Patras. 
Lat.  38°  18'  N. ;  Ion.  21°  8'  E. 

Cape  Small  Point,  Me.,  on  the  W.  sideof  the  entrance 
to  the  Kennebec.   Lat.  43°  40'  30"  N.;  Ion.  69°  48'  4S"  W, 

Cape  Solau'der,  in  East  Australia,  bounds  Botany 
Bay  on  the  S. 

Cape  So  Veil',  Tasmania,  AV.  side  of  the  entrance  into 
Maequarie  Harbor.      Lat.  42°  10' S. ;  Ion.  115°  11'  E. 

Cape  Southamp'ton,  the  S.  extremity  of  Soutiinmp. 
ton  Island,  on  Hudson's  Bay,  near  lat.  63°  N.,  Ion.  84°  W. 

Cape  Spada,  sp&'di  (anc.  Tit'yrug  Promoulo' i-ium  ?), 
a  promontory  near  the  N.W.  extremity  of  Crete,  between 
the  Gulfs  of  Khania  and  Kisamos.  Lat.  35°  42'  N.  ,■  Ion. 
23°  43'  E. 

Cape  Spartel,  span-tSl',  or  Espartel,  is-pan-til', 
Africa,  on  the  N.AV.  coa.st  of  Morocco,  at  the  entrance  to 
the  Straits  of  Gibraltar,  1043  feet  above  the  sea.  Lat.  35° 
49'  N. ;  Ion.  5°  56'  AV. 

Cape  Spartimento,  span-te-min'to,  a  headland  of 
Italy,  on  tho  S.E.  coast  of  Salerno,  at  tho  N.  entrance  to 
the  Gulf  of  Policastro.     Lat.  40°  N. ;  Ion.  15°  15'  E. 

Cape  Spartivento,  spaR-te-vdn'to,  Italy,  at  tho  S.E. 
extremity  of  Catanzaro.     Lat.  37°  57'  N. ;  Ion.  16°  5'  E. 

Cape  Spartivento,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Sardinia.  Lat 
38°  62'  N.;  Ion.  8°  50'  E. 

Cape  Spear,  a  lofty  headland  of  Newfoundland.  Lat. 
47°  31'  N. ;  Ion.  52°  57'  AV.     It  has  a  light-house. 

Cape  Split,  a  headland  of  Nova  Scotia,  extending  into 
the  Bay  of  Fundy.     Lat.  45°  22'  40"  N. ;  Ion.  64°  15'  W. 

Cape  Spulico,  spoo'le-ko,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  Italy, 
in  the  Gulf  of  Taranto.     Lat.  39°  57'  N.;  Ion.  16°  36'  E. 

Capestang,  k&'p6s't6s'>'  (anc.  Cap'ut  Stafni),  a  town 
of  France,  in  llerault,  9  miles  AV.  of  B^ziers,  on  the  Canal 
du  Midi,  and  near  Lake  Capestang.    Pop.  of  commune,  2618. 

Capesterre,  k&^pi-s'tain',  a  town  of  the  West  Indies, 
on  the  S.E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Marie-Galante. 

Capesterre,  La,  Guadeloupe.    See  La  CAPESTEnnn. 

Capcstrano,  k&-p6s-tr&'no,  a  small  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  22  miles  S.E.  of  Aquila.     Pop.  3374. 

Cape  Sunium,  Greece.    See  Cape  Colonna. 

Cape  Ta'ble,  the  E.  extremity  of  the  peninsula  of 


CAP 


705 


CAP 


Tera  Kako,  on  the  coast  of  New  Ulster,  one  of  the  New 
Zealand  islands.     Lat.  39°  7'  S. ;  Ion.  178°  10'  E. 

Cape  Table,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Tasmania.  Lat.  40° 
56' S.;  Ion.  145°  42'  E. 

Cape  Tafelneh,  tA-fel'n^h,  of  Morocco,  5  miles  N.W. 
of  Tafelneh,  is  a  headland,  780  feet  above  the  sea. 

Cape  Taimoor,  Taimour,  Taimur,  or  Tay- 
mour,  ti'moor',  a  headland  of  Siberia,  extending  into  the 
Arctic  Ocean,  120  miles  S.W.  of  Cape  Severo-Vostochnoi, 
next  to  which  it  is  the  northernmost  promontory  of  Asia. 

Cape  Talabo,  tfi,-lfi,'bo,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Celebes,  at 
the  entrance  to  the  Bay  of  Goonong-Tella.  Lat.  0°  50'  S.; 
Ion.  123°  67'  E. 

Cape  Tarkhan,  tan-Kin',  the  westernmost  point  of 
the  Crimea,  extending  into  the  Black  Sea.  Lat.  45°  20'  7" 
N. ;  Ion.  32°  29'  7"  E.     It  has  a  light-house. 

Cape  Temoel,  tA,-mo-Sl',  on  the  W.  coast  of  Celebes, 
near  the  equator.     Lon.  119°  25'  E. 

Cape  T6iiez,  ti^nfiz',  on  the  N.  coast  of  Algeria.  Lat. 
80°  34' N.;  lon.  1°  23'  E. 

Cape  'Teulada,  t5-oo-li'di,  on  the  S.  coa«t  of  Sar- 
dinia, at  the  E.  entrance  to  the  Gulf  of  Palmaa.  Lat.  38° 
61'  9"  N. ;  lon.  8°  .39'  2'  E. 

Cape  Three  Points,  Africa,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Guinea. 
Lat.  4°  48'  N. ;  lon.  2°  5'  W. 

Cape  Tiburon,  te-boo-ron',  on  the  coast  of  South 
America,  at  the  entrance  to  the  Gulf  of  Darien.  Lat.  8° 
45'  N.;  lon.  77°  20'  W. 

Cape  Tiburon,  te-boo-ron',  on  the  S.W.  coast  of 
Hayti.     Lat.  18°  20'  N. ;  lon.  74°  29'  W. 

Cape  Tindaro,  tin'di-ro,  a  headland  on  the  N.E. 
coast  of  Sicily,  in  the  Gulf  of  Patti,  4  miles  E.N.E.  of  Patti. 
Near  it  are  the  remains  of  the  ancient  Tyn'daris. 

Cape  Tiiioso,  teen-yo'so,  Spain,  on  the  coast  of  Mur- 
cia.     Lat.  37°  30'  N. ;  lon.  1°  16'  W. 

Cape  Topalo-Polo,  to-pi'lo-po'lo,  called  by  Captain 
Cook  Cape  Turnagain,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  the  North 
I  Island  of  New  Zealand.  Lat.  40°  30'  S. ;  lon.  176°  42'  E. 
Cape  Tormen'tine,  a  headland  of  New  Brunswick, 
in  Northumberland  Strait,  22  miles  from  Sackville.  A 
submarine  telegraph  cable  crosses  the  strait  here  to  Cape 
Traverse,  Prince  Edward  Island. 

Cape  Torres,  ton'nSs,  Spain,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Astu- 
rias.    Lat.  43°  37'  N. ;  lon.  6°  44'  Vf. 

Cape  Tortosa,  ton-to'sA,  Spain,  forming  the  N.  ex- 
tremity of  the  island  of  Buda,  off  the  coast  of  Catalonia. 
Lat.  40°  40'  N. ;  lon.  0°  47'  E. 

^  Cape  Tourinente,tooR'mftxt',aheadlandontheN.AV. 
ride  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  33  miles  below  Quebec. 

Cape  Town,  a  city  of  Africa,  capital  of  the  Cape  Col- 
ony, on  Table  Bay,  and  at  the  foot  of  Table  Mountain,  30 
miles  N.  of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope.  Its  streets  are  well 
paved  and  lighted,  and  the  town  has  a  good  water-supply. 
!  The  principal  buildings  arc  a  government  house,  court- 
[  houses,  art  gallery,  exchange,  library,  post-office,  the  old 
castle,  a  fine  museum,  the  new  parliament  house,  the  uni- 
versity, the  Roman  Catholic  cathedral,  <fec.  There  are  also 
an  Anglican  college,  a  government  (South  African)  college, 
several  hospitals,  a  botanic  garden,  a  public  herbarium,  a 
I  noble  astronomical  observatory,  and  a  system  of  street  rail- 
ways, <fec.  The  town  is  the  terminus  of  several  railways, 
and  has  fine  new  docks  and  a  breakwater.  It  is  an  im- 
portant port  of  call,  but  in  point  of  trade  falls  below  Port 
Elizabeth.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  Roman  Catholic  and  an  An- 
glican bishop,  the  latter  of  metropolitan  rank.  Pop.  in 
1875,  33,239;  in  1891,  5r,083 ;  or,  with  suburbs,  83,718. 

Cape  Townshend,  town'zend,  on  the  coast  of  Queens- 
land.    Lat.  22°  15'  S. ;  lon.  150°  45'  W. 

Cape  Trafalgar,  traf-al-gan'  (anc.  Promonto' rinm 
i  Juno'nia),  a  headland  of  Spain,  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Cadiz. 
Lat.  36°  10'  N. ;  lon.  6°  1'  W.  In  the  memorable  engage- 
ment off  Cape  Trafalgar,  October  21, 1805,  the  English,  under 
Lord  Nelson,  who  was  killed  in  the  action,  gained  a  complete 
victory  over  the  combined  French  and  Spanish  fleets. 

Cape  Trav'erse,  a  post-village  and  headland  of  Prince 
Edward  Island,  in  Northumberland  Strait,  9  miles  from  Cape 
Tormentine,  New  Brunswick,  33  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Char- 
lottctown.  In  winter,  communication  is  had  with  New 
Brunswick  by  means  of  an  ice-boat,  which  crosses  from 
hero  to  Cape  Tormentine  tri-weekly.     Pop.  250. 

Cape  Tribula'tion,  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Australia,  at 
■Trinity  Bay,  near  lat.  16°  6'  S.,  lon.  145°  21'  E. 

Cape  Trinity,  trin'e-te,  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  island 
of  Kadiak,in  the  Pacific,  near  lat.  57°  N.,  lon.  154°  W. 

Cape  (or  Point)  Trionto,  tre-on'to,  on  the  coast  of 
Italy,  extending  into  the  Gulf  of  Taranto.  Lat  39°  35'.N. : 
lon.  16°  50' E.  V  ^  -.V     ■ 


Cape  Turnagain.    See  Cape  Topalo-Polo. 
Cape  Vancouver,  van-koo'v?r,  on  the  S.W.  coast  of 
Alaska.     Lat.  60°  30'  N. ;  lon.  103°  30'  W, 

Cape  Van  Diemen,  van  dee'm^n,  the  most  N.  r^oint 

of  Melville  Island.     Lat.  11°  8'  S. ;  lon.  130°  20'  E. 

Cape  Vani,  vi'nec,  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  the  island  of 
Milo.     Lat.  36°  45'  N.;  lon.  24°  22'  E. 

Cape  Varella,  vl-rSl'li,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Cochin 
China,  in  the  China  Sea.     Lat.  12°  65'  N. ;  lon.  109°  25'  E. 
Cape  Vaticano,  vk-te-kk'ao,  on  the  co.ast  of  Italy. 
Lat.  38°  37'  N. ;  lon.  15°  51'  E, 

Cape  (or  Point)  Venus,  vee'nus,  on  the  N.  coast  of 
Tahiti.     Lat.  17°  29'  2"  S.;  lon.  149°  29'  W. 

Cape  Verd  or  Verde,  verd  (Fr.  Cnp  Vert  or  Venf, 
kip  vain,  i.e.,  "green  cape"),  the  westernmost  cape  of 
Africa,  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  between  the  rivers  Senegal 
and  Gambia.  Lat.  14°  43'  N. ;  lon.  17°  34'  W.  Named 
from  a  group  of  enormous  baobab-trees  crowning  its  sum- 
mit.    On  its  point  is  the  French  town  of  Dakar. 

Cape  Verd  (or  Verde)  Islands  (Port. /«n»  Verde», 
eel'yis  vdu'dSs,  i.e.,  "  green  islands ;"  Gcr.  Ineeln  des  Grilnen 
Vorgehirges,  in'sfiln  dds  grii'n^n  foR-gA-beeii'gh^s)  are  sit- 
uated in  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  320  miles  W.  of  Cape  Verd. 
between  lat.  14°  45'  and  17°  13'  N.  and  lon.  22°  45'.ani 
25°  25'  W.  The  archipelago  consists  of  the  following 
islands,  Sal,  Boavista,  Mayo,  Santiago,  Fogo,  Brava, 
Grande,  Rombo,  Sao  Nicolao,  Santa  Luzia,  Branco,  Razo, 
Sao  Vicente,  and  Santo  Antonio,  with  several  smaller 
islets.  Area,  1680  square  miles.  They  are  disposed  in 
a  southern  or  windward  and  a  leeward  group.  They 
serve  as  a  penal  colony.  The  white  population  in  the 
archipelago  is  to  the  colored  as  1  to  20.  The  surface  of  the 
islands  is  in  general  mountainous,  and  some  of  their  peaks 
have  a  considerable  elevation.  The  volcano  of  Fogo  is  9157 
feet  in  height.  The  soil  is  extremely  various,  but  mostly 
fertile ;  the  absence  of  trees  and  the  scarcity  of  water  are 
the  causes  of  frequent  and  severe  distress.  Climate  very 
hot,  but  tempered  by  the  sea-breezes;  mean  temperature  of 
May  and  August,  70°. 9 ;  April  to  September,  70°;  during 
the  other  months,  65°  Fahr. ;  the  mornings  and  evenings 
are  cool,  and  dews  abundant.  Chief  products,  fruits, 
maize,  beans,  coffee,  sugar,  tobacco,  cotton,  archil,  red  coral, 
salt,  and  oil-nuts.  Cattle  are  extensively  reared,  and  dried 
and  salted  provisions  form  a  considerable  article  of  export. 
Goats  and  pigs  are  abundant.  Asses  and  mules  are  the 
only  beasts  of  burden.  Fowls  are  abundant  in  most  of  the 
islands ;  serpents  and  venomous  reptiles  are  unknown ; 
whales  abound  in  the  neighboring  seas,  and  are  fished  by 
Americans.  Amber  is  found  on  all  the  coasts,  which  are 
frequented  by  turtles.  The  natives  are  quiet  and  docile, 
but  extremely  indolent.  The  Portuguese  language  is  cor- 
rupted into  a  jargon  called  lingua  creoula.  Agriculture 
and  the  preparation  of  salt  are  the  chief  branches  of  in- 
dustry ;  linens,  pottery-ware,  soap,  and  leather  are  manu- 
factured in  some  of  the  islands.  These  islands,  together 
with  the  Portuguese  possessions  on  the  continent  of  Africa, 
near  Cape  Roxo,  constitute  the  province  of  Cape  Verd,  the 
capital  of  which  is  Porto  Praya.  The  province  is  under  a 
governor-general.  The  Roman  Catholic  is  the  only  form  of 
worship.     Pop.  in  1875,  90,704;  in  1883,  107,024. 

Cape  Verga,  ver'ga,  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Africa.  Lat. 
10°  18'  N.;  lon.  14°  2b'"W. 

Cape  Victo'ri^  (or  Vic'tory),  South  America,  on 
the  W.  coast  of  Patagonia. 

Cape  Vidio,  veo'de-o,  Spain,  on  the  coast  of  Asturias. 
Lat.  43°  38'  N. ;  lon.  6°  19'  W. 

Cape  Villano,  veel-yi'no,  Spain,  on  the  N.W.  coast 
of  Galicia.     Lat.  43°  9'  N.;  lon.  9°  10'  W. 

Cape'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northampton  co.,  Va.,  on 
Chesapeake  Bay,  about  34  miles  N.N.E.  of  Norfolk. 

Cape  Vin'cent,  a  post-village  and  port  of  entry  of 
Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Cape  Vincent  township,  and  on  the 
St.  Lawrence  River  where  it  issues  from  Lake  Ontario,  25 
miles  N.W.  of  Watertown,  and  12  miles  by  steam-ferry 
S.E.  of  Kingston,  Canada.  It  is  the  terminus  of  a  branch 
of  the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg  R.ailroad.  It  has 
4  churches,  a  brewery,  a  flour-mill,  a  planing-mill,  a  steam- 
boat-landing, and  a  newspaper  ofiice.  This  place  has  im- 
portant fisheries.     Pop.  1269;  of  the  township,  3188. 

Cape  Vir'gin,  a  headland  of  South  America,  on  the 
coast  of  Patagonia,  at  the  N.  entrance  to  the  Strait  of  Ma- 
gellan.    Lat.  52°  24'  S. ;  lon.  68°  22'  W. 

Cape  Viscardo,  vis-kan'do,  on  the  N.  coast  of  the 
island  of  Cephalonia.     Lat.  38°  28'  N. ;  lon.  20°  35'  E. 
.    Cape  Voltaire,  vol-tair',  a  headland  of  Northwestern 
Australia,  bounding  Admiralty  Gulf  on  the  W.     Lat.  14* 
15' S.J  lon.  125°  40' E. 


li 


CAP 


706 


CAP 


Cnpc  Voltasy  rol'tA*,  South  Afrioa,  at  tho  month  of 
iho  Onuigo  lUvcr.     Lat.  28°  44'  S.;  Ion.  16°  32'  E. 

Cape  \Vai>Apoo  (or  Wai-Apou),  wi-i-poo',  or 
East  CapCf  the  E.  point  of  New  Ulstor,  New  Zealand. 
Lat.  37°  42'  8.;  Ion.  178°  38'  E. 

Cape  Walk'er,  in  tho  W.  partof  Oroonland,  on  Baffin's 
Bay.     Lat.  75°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  5«°  30'  W. 

Cape  Wal'singhanit  North  America,  N.  of  the  en- 
trance into  Cumberland  Straits.     Lat.  66°  N. ;  ion.  61°  W. 

Cape  West,  on  tho  W.  ooast  of  New  Munster,  one  of 
the  Now  Zoiiland  Isloa.     Lat.  45°  54'  S. ;  Ion.  166°  40'  E. 

Cape  Wiles,  wils,  South  Australia,  bounds  Sleoford 
Bay  on  tho  W.     Lat.  34°  67'  S. ;  Ion.  135°  38'  E. 

Cape  Wrath  forms  the  N.W.  extremity  of  Scotland. 
Lat.  58°  37'  N. ;  Ion.  6°  1'  W.  It  is  a  pyramid  of  gneiss, 
having  on  it  a  light-house,  with  a  light  400  feet  high. 

Cape  Ycacos,  e-k&'koce,  a  headland  on  the  N.  ooast 
of  Cuba,  bounding  the  Day  of  Mutanzas  on  tho  N.E.  Lat. 
23°  9'  N. ;  Ion.  81°  10'  W. 

Cape  York,  the  N.  point  of  Australia,  on  the  E.  of 
the  Gulf  of  CarponUria.   Lat.  10°  41'  6"  S. ;  Ion.  142°  34'  E. 

Cape  York,  in  the  AV.  part  of  Oreonland,  on  Baffin's 
Bay.     Lat.  75°  55'  N. ;  Ion.  67°  W. 

Cape  Zaflarana,  dz&f-f&-r2l'n&,  on  the  N.  coast  of 
Sicily,  11  miles  K.  of  Palermo,  on  the  E.  side  of  its  bay,  E. 
point  in  lat.  38°  6'  5"  N.,  Ion.  13°  34'  E. 

Cape  Zambrona,  dz&m-bro'n&,  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Calabria,  near  the  S.  entrance  to  the  Gulf  of  Santa  Eufemia. 
Lat.  38°  46'  N. ;  Ion.  16°  3'  E. 

Cape  Zibeeb,  ze-beeb',  orRas-Sidi-Ali-al-SIin- 
sha,  r&s-seo'doe-&'lee-&l-8hoo'8h&,,  in  Africa,  on  the  N.  coast 
of  Tunis.     Lat.  37°  13'  N. ;  Ion.  10°  E. 

Cap  Faux,  tho  French  for  Cape  False. 

Caphareus,  tho  ancient  name  of  Cape  Doro. 

Capibari,  ki-pe-bi-ree',  a  town  of  Brazil,  120  miles 
TV.  of  Sao  Paulo,  on  a  stream  of  its  own  name.     Pop.  2000. 

Capibari,  a  river  of  Brazil,  state  of  Sao  Paulo,  a 
tributary  of  the  Tietc,  an  affluent  of  the  Parand. 

Capibaribe,  k4-pc-b&-ree'b&,  a  river  of  Brazil,  state 
of  Pernambuco.  rising  in  lat.  7°  50'  S.,  Ion.  37°  45'  W., 
flowing  E.  and  S.,  and  falling  by  two  mouths  into  the  Bay 
of  Ilecife.     Total  course,  about  200  miles  direct. 

Capio'ma,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nemaha  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Capioma  township,  10  miles  S.  of  Sabetha,  and  about  55 
miles  N.  of  Topeka.     Pop.  of  the  township,  533. 

Capistrauo,  k&p  is-tr&'no,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange 
00.,  Cal.,  28  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Anaheim. 

Capistrello,  kip-is-trdl'lo,  a  small  town  of  Italy,  3J 
miles  W.  of  Lake  Fucino.    Pop.  2065. 

Capitanata,ki-pe-ti-nd't4,  a  former  province  of  Italy, 
now  called  Foggia. 

Capitium,  or  Capytium.    See  Capizzi. 

Cap'ltol  City,  a  post-office  and  mining  village  of  Hins- 
dale CO.,  Colorado,  135  miles  from  Alamosa.  It  has  silver- 
mines  and  smelting-works. 

Cupitol  Mountain,  Colorado,  apeak  of  the  Elk  Moun- 
toins,  in  lat.  39°  9'  N.,  Ion.  107°  4'  40"  W.,  13,997  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea.  It  is  composed  of  eruptive  or 
igneous  rocks,  and  is  very  precipitous. 

Capivari,  ki-pe-v4-ree',  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Rio 
Janeiro.  24  miles  N.W.  of  Cabo  Frio.     Pop.  3500. 

Capiz,  or  Capis,  ki-peece',  a  city  of  the  Philippines, 
capital  of  the  province  of  Capiz,  a  part  of  the  island  of 
Panay.  The  town  is  on  the  Jn.  coast*  of  tho  island,  and  is 
the  residence  of  a  Spanish  governor.  It  is  mostly  built  of 
wood,  and  is  defended  by  a  small  fort.  Pop.  11,000;  of 
the  province,  272,292. 

Capizzi,  k&-pit'see  (anc.  Capy'tium  or  Capi'tium),  a 
town  of  Sicily,  19  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Bronte.     Pop.  4029. 

Ca'pleville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn.,  about 
14  miles  S.E.  of  Memphis.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Cap'linger's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Cedar  co..  Mo. 

Capo  dell'  Armi,  the  Italian  for  Cape  Armi. 

Capo  di  Cavallo,  the  Italian  for  Cape  Cavallo. 

Capo  di  Faro,  Sicily.    See  Cape  Faro. 

Capo  di  Sant»  Andrea.    See  Cape  Saint  Andrew. 

Capo  d'Istria,  ki'po  dis'tre-4  (anc.  uEgida),  a  forti- 
fied town  of  Austria,  on  a  rock  in  the  Gulf  of  Triest,  8  miles 
S.W.  of  the  city  of  Triest.  It  was  once  the  capital  of  Vene- 
tian Istria,  and  it  has  numerous  churches,  a  gymnasium, 
and  a  prison.     Its  harbor  is  little  frequented.     Pop.  9169. 

Capo  d'Oro,  the  Italian  for  Cape  Doro. 

Capodrisi,  k4-po-dree'see,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
and  3  miles  S.W.  of  Caserta.     Pop.  2809. 

Ca'pon  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hampshire  co.,  W. 
Va.,  on  the  Capon  River,  19  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Winchester, 
Va.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  350. 


Capon  Iron-Works,  a  post-office  of  Hanly  co.,  W. 
Va.,  33  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Winchester.  Hero  is  a  blast- 
furnaoe  for  iron ;  also  a  forge. 

Capon  Road  Depot,  a  post-offi^  of  Shenandoah  co., 
Va.,  on  the  Valley  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Hail- 
road,  23  miles  S.S.W.  of  Winchester. 

Capon  Springs,  a  post-office  and  watering-place  of 
Hampshire  co.,  W.  Va.,  15  miles  from  Capon  P,oad  Station. 

Caposclle,  kl-po-sdl'ld,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Avellino,  13  miles  N.N.E.  of  Campagna.     Pop.  4094. 

Capoue,  tho  French  for  Capua. 

Cappadocia,  knp-pa-do'she-a,  an  ancient  province  of 
Asia  Minor,  now  in  Asiatic  Turkey,  between  lat.  37°  16 
and  39°  28'  N.  and  Ion.  32°  60'  and  39°  E.  It  wns  sub- 
dued  by  the  Persians  under  Cyrus,  and  after  the  time  of 
Alexander  was  governed  by  kings  of  its  own  till  a.d.  17, 
when  Tiberius  reduced  it  to  a  Roman  province.    Christianity 

was  early  propagated  in  Cappadocia. Adj.  and  inhab. 

CAPPApociAN,  kap-pa-do'she-an. 

Cappadocia,  kip-pl-do'che-i,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Aquila,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Avezzuno.    Pop.  2186. 

Cappaghwhite,  kip^pin-white',  a  town  of  Ireland, 
CO.  and  7  miles  N.  of  Tipperary.     Pop.  637. 

Cap^paho'sic,  a  post-office  of  Gloucester  co.,  Va. 

Capi)anacushy,  kip'pa-na-koo'shee,  a  group  of  islets 
in  Ireland,  co.  of  Kerry,  3  miles  W.  of  Kenmare.  On  the 
opposite  mainland  are  the  remains  of  Cappanacushy  Castle. 

Cappel,  or  Kappel,  kip-pfil',  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Zurich.  Here  Zwinglius  was 
killed  in  a  skirmish,  October  11,  1531.     Pop.  732. 

Cappein,  kd,p'p^ln,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  9 
miles  N.E.  of  Osnaburg.     Pop.  776. 

Cappein,  a  village  jf  Prussia,  Sleswick,  on  the  Slcy, 
15  miles  S.E.  of  Flcnsborg.     Pop.  2609. 

Cap'pein,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Charles  co..  Mo.,  about 
40  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Cap'poquin',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Waterford,  on 
the  Black  water,  4  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lismore.    Pop.  1526. 

Capp's  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Newton  co.,  Mo.,  in 
Ncwtonia  township,  6  miles  from  Pierce  City.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Capp's  Ford,  a  post-office  of  Claiborne  co.,  Tenn. 

Capracotta,  ki-pri-kot'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  27  miles  N.W.  of  Campobasso.     Pop.  3238. 

CapriOa,  ki-pri'yi  (anc.  Capra'ria  or  Capra'sia),  an 
island  of  Italy,  in  the  Mediterranean,  with  a  port  on  t'.-.e  E. 
side,  17  miles  E.  of  the  N.  extremity  of  Corsica.  Length, 
3i  miles;  breadth,  IJ  miles.     Pop.  476. 

Caprara,  ki-pii'ri.  the  northernmost  of  the  islands 
called  Tremiti,  in  the  Adriatic.     It  has  a  port. 

Capraria,  the  ancient  name  of  Capraja. 

Capraria,  one  of  the  Balearic  Isles.    See  Cabrera. 

Caprarola,  ki-pri-ro'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  9  miles  S.E. 
of  Viterbo,  with  a  castle  on  the  slopes  of  5lount  Cimino, 
unrivalled  as  a  specimen  of  the  fortified  architecture  of  the 
sixteenth  century.     Pop.  5369. 

Caprasia,  the  ancient  for  Capraja. 

Capreac,  an  ancient  name  of  Capri. 

Caprera,  ka,-prA'r4,  an  island  in  the  Mediterranean, 
off  the  N.E.  coast  of  Sardinia.  Length  from  N.  to  S.,  5 
miles.    It  was  the  home  of  Garibaldi. 

Caprese,  ki-pri'si,  a  town  of  Italy,  13  miles  N.E.  of 
Arezzo,  the  birthplace  of  Michael  Angelo.     Pop.  2098. 

Capri,  kl'pree  (anc.  Cap'rese),  an  island  of  Italy,  at  the 
S.  entrance  of  the  bay,  and  20  miles  S.  of  the  city,  of  Naples. 
Length,  4J  miles.  It  is  mountainous,  coasts  steep  and 
nearly  inaccessible,  except  near  Capri,  a  small  fortified 
town,  with  a  large  seminary,  and  a  population  of  2.';:{2,  on 
its  S.  side.  On  the  coast  is  the  stalactitic  cave  called  the 
"Grotto  of  Nymphs;"  and  the  island  contains  numerous 
Roman  ruins,  and  is  much  visited  for  its  singular  beauty. 

Capri,  ki'pree,  an  island  of  Dalmatia,  in  the  Adriatic, 
10  miles  W.  of  Sebenico. 

Capriata,  ki-pre-i'ti,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont, 
7  miles  S.AV.  of  Novi.     Pop.  2660. 

Capriati,  ki-pre-i'tee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Caserta,  5  miles  E.S.E.  of  Venafro.     Pop.  894. 

Cap'ricorn  Islands,  a  group  off  the  E.  coast  of  Aus- 
tralia, on  the  tropic  of  Capricorn.     Lon.  151°  15'  E. 

Caprino,  k4-pree'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  10  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Bergamo,  with  silk-manufactures.     Pop.  1660. 

Caprino,  a  town  of  Italy,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Verona. 
Pop.  5480. 

Ca'pron,  a  post-village  of  Boone  co..  III.,  70  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  an 
academy,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  brick 
and  tile,  screen  doors,  and  dairy  products.     Pop,  436, 


GAP 


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Cap  Rouge,  kip  roozh,  a  post-villago  in  Quebec  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  9  miles  above 
Quebec!  It  has  a  pottery,  several  stores  aLd  hotels,  and  a 
largo  trade  in  lumber.     Pop.  800. 

Capnis,  a  river  of  Turkish  Koordistar,     See  Zab. 

Capryke,  ki-pri'k^h,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flan- 
ders, 13  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  3600. 

Capsa,  a  town  of  Africa,  Tunis.     See  Gafsa. 

Cap  Saint-Ignace,  kip  siNt-een'yiss',  a  post-village 
in  Montmagny  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Law- 
rence, 50  miles  by  rail  below  Quebec.  It  contains  several 
stores  and  mills.     Pop.  300. 

Capsali,  kip-si'lee,  a  town  of  the  Greek  island  of 
Cerifo,  near  the  S.  side,  upon  the  slope  of  a  mountain.  It 
has  a  commodious  harbor,  and  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  1500. 

Cap  Sante,  kip  sftso'tA',  formerly  La  Sainte  Fa- 
mil  le,  '^  sdNt  fi^meel',  the  chief  town  of  the  county  of  Port- 
'  neuf,  Quebec,  is  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence^  31 
iniles  above  Quebec.     It  contains  several  stores,  hotels,  and 
mills.     Pop.  400. 

Cap'taiii's  Harbor,  a  port  of  Alaska,  island  of  Oona- 
laska;  next  to  Sitka  and  Kadiak,  the  most  important  place 
in  the  territory.  It  has  a  hot  sulphur  spring,  and  is  the 
Beat  of  considerable  trade. 

Capti'iia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  in  York 
township,  4  iniles  from  the  Ohio  Kiver,  and  about  11  miles 
S.W.  of  Bellaire.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Captina  Creek,  Belmont  co.,  0.,  runs  eastward,  and 
enters  the  Ohio  River  at  the  S.E.  corner  of  that  county. 

Capua,  kap'u-a  or  ki'poo-i,  (anc.  Casili'iiitm),  a  city 
of  Italy,  capital  of  the  province  of  Caserta,  on  the  Volturno, 
20  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Naples.  Pop.  13,145.  It  was  forti- 
fied by  Vauban,  and  is  still  an  important  fortress.  It  was 
bnilt  by  the  Lombards  in  855  out  of  the  ruins  of  ancient 
Capua,  the  remains  of  which,  about  2  miles  E.,  include  a 
gate  and  portions  of  a  large  amphitheatre.  The  modern 
town  is  the  seat  of  an  archbishop,  and  has  a  cathedral  with 
antique  columns;  it  comprises  18  parish  churches,  several 
convents,  a  royal  college,  military  school,  hospitals,  and 
public  fountains.  The  ancient  Capua,  one  of  the  finest  and 
most  agreeable  cities  of  Italy,  was  of  such  extent  as  to  be 
compared  to  Rome  and  Carthage.  Hannibal  wintered  here 
after  the  battle  of  Canna;.  It  was  a  favorite  place  of  re- 
sort of  the  Romans,  on  account  of  its  agreeable  situation  and 
its  climate ;  and  many  ruins  attest  its  ancient  splendor. 

Capua,  kil'poo-i,  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Colombia, 
t   department  of  Panama,  S.W.  of  Chorrera, 
'       Capul,  ki-pool',  one  of  the  Philippine  Islands,  off  the 
N.W.  coast  of  Samar.     Lat.  12°  31'  N. ;  Ion.  124°  9'  E. 

Capurso,  ki-poou'so,  a  town  of  Italy,  7  miles  S.E.  of 
Bari.     Pop.  2400. 

Ca'put,  a  post-office  of  Barton  co.,  Mo. 

Caput  Stagni,  the  ancient  name  of  Capestang. 

Capvcrn,  a  village  of  France.    See  Capbern. 

Capytium,  the  ancient  name  of  Capizzi. 

Caqueta,  a  river  of  South  America.    See  Japura. 

Ca'ra,  an  islet  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Argyle,  off  its  W. 
,    coast,  immediately  S.  of  Gigha. 

j       Cara,  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  Siam.    See  Koh-Krah. 
I       Carabanchel  Alto,  ki-ri-vin-chil'il'to,  and  Cara- 
banchel  Btyo,  ki-ri-vin-chfil'  bi'no,  two  villages  of 
Spain,  in  New  Castile,  3  miles  S.  of  Madrid,     Pop.,  respect- 
ively, 1512  and  1214. 

Carabaya,  k&-r3,-bi'4,,  a  province  of  Peru,  in  the  de- 
partment of  Puno.     It  contains  mines  of  silver  and  gold. 

Carababo,  k3,-rS,-bo'bo,  a  maritime  state  of  Venezuela, 
extending  S.E.  from  the  eastern  arm  of  the  Andes,  and 
bounded  S.  by  Cojedes.  Area,  2247  square  miles.  It  is 
very  fertile,  and  produces  coffee  and  sugar.  Capital,  Va- 
lencia.    Pop.  in  187.3,  117,605;  in  1890,  175,294. 

Caraca,  ki-ri'ki,  a  mountain-range  of  Brazil,  in  Minas- 
Geraes,  N.  of  the  city  of  Mariana.  It  is  a  portion  of  the 
Cordillera  of  Mantiqueira,  being  one  of  its  highest  ranges. 

Caracal,  a  town  of  Roumania.     See  Karakal. 

Caracas,  ki-ri'kis,  or  Santiago  dc  Leon  de 
Caracas,  sin-te-i'go  d4  li-on'  dk  ki-ri'kis,  a  city  and 
capital  of  Venezuela  and  of  its  federal  district,  lat.  10°  30' 
N.,  Ion.  67°  4'  W.,  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  La  Guayra.  It  has  a 
pleasant  and  healthful  climate,  is  well  built,  with  regular 
streets  crossing  at  right  angles,  a  fine  cathedral,  20  churches, 
and  a  university.  It  is  an  archbishop's  see,  has  good  public 
buildings,  and  is  well  supplied  with  water.  It  has  fre- 
quently suffered  from  earthquakes.    Pop.  in  1888,  70,446. 

Caracas,  or  The  Federal  District,  a  small  terri- 
tory of  Venezuela,  comprising  the  city  of  Caracas  and  its 
environs.  Area,  7  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1890,  71,399. 
The  former  state  of  Caracas  is  now  called  Bolitar. 


Caracas,  ki-ri'kis,  a  group  of  small,  uninhabited 
islands  in  the  Caribbean  Sea,  coast  of  Venezuela,  a  little  AV. 
of  Cumana. 

Carache,  a  town  of  Morocco.     See  El-Araish. 

Caracoles,  or  La  Placilla  de  Caracoles,  li 
pli-seel'yi  di  ki-ri-ko'lfis,  a  town  of  Chili,  in  the  province 
of  Atacama,  about  50  miles  E.  of  Antofagasta.  It  is  con- 
nected with  Cobija,  Antofagasta,  and  Mejillones  by  railways. 
Here  are  some  of  the  richest  silver-mines  in  the  world. 

Caraglio,  ki-ril'yo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  (5 
miles  W.  of  Coni,  on  the  Grana.  It  has  manufactures  of 
silks,  and  5  annual  fairs.     Pop.  3240. 

Cara-Hissar.    See  KARA-HissARandAFiooM-KARA- 

HlSSAU. 

Caralis,  the  ancient  name  of  Cagliari. 

Caramagna,  ki-ri-min'yi,  a  village  of  Italj-,  prov- 
ince of  Coni.     Pop.  3461. 

Caraman,  ki'ri'm6N<>',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ilaute- 
Garonne,  9  miles  N.  of  Villefranche.     Pop.  2277. 

Caraman,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Karamax. 

Caramania,  Asia  Minor.     See  Karamania. 

Caramanico,  ki-ri-mi'ne-ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  17  miles  S.W.  of  Chieti.     Pop.  2865. 

Carambis,  the  ancient  name  of  Cape  Kerempe. 

Caramnassa,  or  Karamnasa,  ki-rim-nis'sJ,  a 
river  of  British  India,  tributary  to  the  Ganges,  and  sepa- 
rating the  districts  of  Shahabad  and  Benares.  It  is  re- 
garded with  abhorrence  by  the  Hindoos,  who  consider  con- 
tact with  its  waters  sufficient  to  undo  all  their  good  works. 
Hence  its  name,  "  the  destruction  of  pious  works."  It  dries 
up  in  February,  but  is  navigable  a  part  of  the  year. 

Caranga,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Corisga. 

Carangamite,  or  Corangamite,  ka-rin-gi-meet', 
a  salt-water  lake  in  the  S.  of  Australia,  in  Victoria,  50  miles 
W.  of  Geelong.  Area,  76  square  miles.  It  is  upwards  of 
90  miles  in  circumference;  to  the  S.  it  is  so  shallow  as  to 
be  fordable  for  a  distance  of  15  miles.     It  has  no  outlet. 

Carang  Assem,  k3,-ring'  as'^sSm',  a  town  of  the  island 
of  Bali,  on  Lombok  Strait.     Lat.  8°  42'  S. ;  Ion.  116°  34'  E. 

Caraixja,  ki-rin'jA  (anc.  C'aliana  f),  an  island  of  India, 
in  Bombay  harbor,  about  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  the  city.  It  is 
nearly  circular,  and  4  miles  in  diameter. 

Carano,  ki-ri'no,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Tyrol,  21 
miles  N.E.  of  Trent.     Pop.  804. 

Carapella,  ki-ri-p61'li,  a  river  of  Italy,  province  of 
Foggia,  after  a  N.E.  course  of  48  miles,  enters  the  Adriatic 
9  miles  S.  of  Manfredonia.  Near  its  mouth  it  sends  east- 
ward a  branch  to  the  Lagoon  of  Salpi. 

Caraquette,  ki'ri^ket',  a  port  of  entry  in  Gloucester 
CO.,  New  Brunswick,  on  Caraquette  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the 
Bay  of  Chaleurs,  48  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bathurst.  It  is  an 
important  fishery  station.  There  is  a  light-house  on  Cara- 
quette Island  at  the  entrance  to  the  harbor.     Pop.  1000. 

Cararia,  the  ancient  name  of  Carrara. 

Carasco,  ki-ris'ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  2i  miles  N.E. 
of  Chiavari.     Pop.  1982. 

Carate,  ki-ra'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  15  miles  N.  of  Milan. 
Pop.  4362. 

Caratova,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Karatova. 

Caratraca  Spring.    See  Carratraca  Springs. 

Caratuez,  a  river  of  Brazil.     See  Poti. 

Caravaca,  k3,-r3,-v3.'ki,  a  town  of  Spain,  39  miles 
N.W.  of  Murcia,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Segura.  Pop.  6840. 
It  has  convents  and  hospitals,  a  college,  and  a  ruined  castle. 

Caravaggio,  ki-ra-vid'jo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Lom- 
bardy,  16  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Bergamo.  Pop.  6880.  It  is 
the  birthplace  of  the  painters  Polidoro  Caldara  and  Michael 
Angelo  Merigi,  both  named  Caravaggio  from  this  town. 

Carav^uales,  ki-ri-vi-ni'lfis,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Leon,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Zamora.     Pop.  577. 

Caravcyales  de  la  Encomienda,  ki-ri-vi-ni'lds 
di  IS,  5n-ko-me-Sn'dS,,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Leon,  40  miles 
N.W.  of  Zamora. 

Caravan  chel,  villages  of  Spain.    See  Carabanchel. 

Caravellas,  ki-ri-vdl'l&s,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  the 
state  of  Bahia,  on  the  Bay  of  Caravellas.  Lat.  17°  49'  S.; 
Ion.  39°  26'  W.     Pop.  5000. 

Carballo,  kaR-bil'yo,  a  village  of  Spain,  province  and 
22  miles  S.W.  of  Corunna.     Pop.  1004. 

Car'berry,  a  village  of  Norfolk  co.,  Manitoba,  on  the 
Canadian  Pacific  Railway,  106  miles  W.  of  AVinnipeg. 
It  has  a  bank,  a  milling  and  brewing  company,  and  nu- 
merous stores  and  other  business  concerns.     Pop.  300. 

Carbet,  or  Le  Carbet,  l?h  kan^bA',  a  town  of  Mar- 
tinique, on  the  W.  side  of  the  island,  is  a  southern  suburb 
of  St.  Pierre.  South  of  the  town  is  the  Piton  de  Carbet,  a 
1  volcanic  mountain  3923  feet  high.  'i^, -'ijlj   • 


CAR 


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CAR 


Car'bon*  s  ooanty  to  the  E.  part  of  Pennijrlrania,  boa 
an  aroa  of  about  S90  sqanro  miles.  It  is  intoneoted  by  the 
Lchif^h  River,  and  also  drained  bjr  the  Mahoning,  Quakake, 
and  other  creeks.  The  surface  is  mountainons,  and  the 
county  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Kittatinny  Mountain. 
It  is  remarkable  for  wild  and  picturesoue  scenery,  but  does 
not  contain  much  fertile  or  arable  land.  The  chief  article 
of  export  is  anthracite  coal  of  superior  quality.  Near  the 
top  of  Mauch  Chunk  Mountain  is  a  bed  of  coal  about  50 
feet  thick.  As  many  as  400,000  tons  of  ooat  have  been 
mined  in  this  county  in  a  year.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Lehigh  Valley  Railroad  and  the  Lehigh  &  Susquehanna 
Railroad.  CapitjU,  Mauch  Chunk.  Pup.  in  187U,  28,144, 
ill  1880,  .31,923;  in  1890,  38,C24. 

Carbon,  a  connty  of  Wyominj^,  bordering  on  Colorado. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  North  Fork  of  the  Pluito  River,  and 
is  also  drained  by  Powder,  Medicine  liow,  and  Sweetwater 
Rivers.  The  snrfitco  is  diversified  by  mountains,  valleys, 
and  elevated  plains.  This  county  comprises  a  large  part 
of  Laramie  Plain,  a  fertile  plateau  which  is  about  8000  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea.  (See  Laramie.)  The  S.W.  part 
of  the  county  is  occupied  by  the  Rocky  Mountains.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  and  bos  extensive 
beds  of  bituminous  coal.  Capital,  Rawlins.  Pop.  in  1870, 
1363;  in  1880,  343S ;  in  1890,  6857. 

Carboa«  a  post-village  of  Shasta  co.,  Cal.,  about  50 
milei  (direct)  N.E.  of  Shasta.  It  has  a  church  organization 
and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  100. 

CarboD)  a  post-village  of  Clay  co.,  Ind.,  20  miles  by 
rail  E.N.E.  of  Terre  Haute,  and  7  miles  (direct)  N.  of  Brazil. 
Block-coal  is  mined  here.  Carbon  has  3  churches,  3  hotels, 
a  graded  school,  a  brick-kiln,  a  flouring-mill,  a  saw-mill, 
and  manufactures  of  heading  and  staves.     Pop.  521. 

Carbon,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co.,  Iowa,  8  miles  from 
Corning.  It  bos  2  churches  and  an  academy.  Coal  is 
mined  here.     Pop.  350. 

Carbon,  a  station  in  Webster  co.,  lows,  on  the  Dubuque 
A  Siou.x  City  Railroad,  a  few  miles  E.  of  Fort  Dodge. 

Carbon,  a  coal-mining  hamlet  of  Macon  co.,  Mo.,  on 
the  Hannibal  A  St.  Joseph  Railroad,  3  miles  E.  of  Macon. 

Carbon,  a  post-town  of  Eastland  co.,  Tex.,  48  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Albany.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  350. 

Carbon,  a  station  in  Ohio  co.,  W.  V'a.,  on  the  Wheeling 
A  Pitt.sburg  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Wheeling. 

Carbon,  a  post-village  of  Carbon  co.,  Wyoming,  84 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Laramie.  Coal-mining  is  carried  on 
here.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  common  and  a  high 
school,  and  a  newspaper  ofiSce.     Pop.  1140. 

Carbonara,  kar(-bo-nd'r4,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  36  miles  E.  of  Avcllino.     Pop.  2986. 

Carbonara,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  4  miles  S. 
of  Ban.     Pop.  4870. 

Carbonara,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  22}  miles 
S.E.  of  Mantua,  on  the  Po.     Pop.  1381. 

Carbonara,  kan-bo-ni'ri,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
in  Alb.inia,  on  the  Voyussa,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Avlono. 

Carbon  Black,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  is  at 
Saxonburg  Railroad  Station. 

Carbon-Blnnc,  kan'W»-»'-bl65»,  a  village  of  France, 
department  ofGironde,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Bordeaux.    Pop.  839. 

Carbon  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Vernon  co.,  Mo. 

Carbon  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Butler  co..  Pa.,  in 
Clearfield  township,  on  the  Kams  City  &  Butler  Railroad,  6 
miles  from  Butler.     It  has  2  churches  and  several  oil-wells. 

Carbon  Cliff,  a  post-village  of  Rock  Island  co..  111., 
in  Hampton  township,  on  Rock  River,  and  on  the  Chicago, 
Rock  Island  A  Pacific  and  Rockford,  Rock  Island  &  St. 
Louis  Railroads,  10  miles  E.  of  Rock  Island  City.  It  has 
a  church,  and  a  largo  manufactory  of  fire-bricks  and  odd- 
shnpe<I  bricks  for  cupolas,  Ac. 

Car'bondale,  a  station  on  the  Amador  Branch  of  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  20  miles  E.  of  the  junction  at 
Gait.  Cal. 

Carbondale*  a  post-village  of  Oarfield  co.,  Col.,  13 
miles  by  rail  S.  by  £.  of  Qlenwood  Springs.  It  has  a 
church,  a  bank,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  166. 

Carbondale,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co..  III.,  in  Car- 
bondale  township,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  which 
connects  here  with  the  Grand  Tower  A  Carbonrlale  Railroad, 
57  mites  N.  of  Cairo.  It  is  the  west  terminus  of  the  Car- 
bondale A  Sbawneetown  Railroad,  and  contains  the  South- 
ern Illinois  Normal  University,  founded  in  1869,  2  banks, 
4  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill.  Two  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here,  and  coal  is  mined  near  the 
place.     Pop.  in  1890,  2:i.S2;  of  the  township,  3599. 

Carbondale,  a  post- hamlet  of  Warren  co.,Ind.,  7  milei 
N.W.  of  WiUiamsport. 


Carbondale,  a  post-village  of  Osngo  oe.,  Kansas  {■ 
Ridgoway  township,  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  A  Santa  I't 
liailroad  at  its  junction  with  the  St.  I.>ouis,  Lawrence  A 
Western  Railroad,  17  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Topeka,  and  10 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Burlingamo.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  floar. 
ing-mill.  Large  quantities  of  coal  are  mined  hero  and  ex* 
porte<l.     Pop.  about  1200. 

Carbondale,  a  village  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  4  miles  tun 
Mineral  City.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Carbondale,  a  city  of  Lackawanna  co.,  Pa.,  situated  oa 
the  Lackawanna  River,  near  the  north  end  of  the  Lnckft. 
wanna  Valley,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Scranton,  and  15  uiilsa 
W.  of  Ilonosdale.  It  is  on  the  Delaware  A  Iluds^m  Rail, 
rood,  and  is  the  south  terminus  of  the  Jefferson  Branch 
Railroad,  which  connects  with  the  Erie  Railroad  at  Sus- 
quehanna. It  contains  8  churches,  a  national  bank,  2 
graded  schools,  a  Catholic  academy,  a  savings-bank,  print* 
ing-offices  which  issue  2  weekly  newspapers,  3  foundries,  a 
brewery,  and  2  planing-mills.  Here  are  bods  of  coal  (aD> 
throcite)  about  20  feet  thick.  These  mines  are  owned  by 
the  Delaware  A  Hudson  Canal  Company,  who  send  large 
quantities  of  coal  to  New  York.  It  is  drawn  by  steam' 
engines  on  inclined  planes  over  Moosic  Mountain,  which  is 
about  850  feet  higher  than  the  valley.  Much  coal  is  also 
transported  to  Binghamton  by  the  Jcfi'crson  Branch  Kail- 
road.     Pop.  in  1880,  7714;  in  1890,  10,833. 

Carbone,  kait-bo'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  39 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  1945. 

Car^bonear',  a  port  of  entry  on  Conception  Bay,  New- 
foundland, 4  miles  N.  of  Harbor  Grace.  It  has  15  or  16 
stores.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Carbonera  el  Mayor,  kan-bo-n^'rd  il  ml-ySs',  ■ 
town  of  Spain,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Segovia. 

Carbon  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Walker  co.,  Ala.,  U 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Jasper.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newi> 
paper  office,  and  several  general  stores  and  business  hoosw. 
Pop.  568. 

Carbon  Junction,  a  station  in  Crawford  co.,  Kansas, 
on  the  Joplin  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  CarboB 
Branch  Railroad,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Girard. 

Carbonne,  kaR^bonn',  a  village  of  France,  in  Hante* 
Garonne,  25  miles  S.S.W.  of  Toulouse.     Pop.  2484. 

Carcabney,  kaR'k&-bw^',  a  town  of  Spain,  36  mil« 
S.E.  of  Cordova.     Pop.  3700. 

Carcfuente,  kaR-ki-uin'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
of  Valencia,  at  a  railway  junction,  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  San 
Felipe.  Pop.  72S0.  It  is  well  built  and  prosperous.  It 
has  linen-  and  woollen-manufactures,  and  many  Bomaa 
and  Moorish  remain.s  have  been  discovered  here. 

Carcassonne,  kan^kis^sonn'  (anc.  Car'caso),  a  city 
of  France,  capital  of  the  department  of  Aude,  on  the  Aude, 
and  on  the  Canal  du  Midi,  at  a  railway  junction,  55  miles  S.E. 
of  Toulouse.  Pop.  23,600.  It  is  divided  by  the  river  into 
the  old  city  and  tne  new  town.  The  new  town  is  regularly 
laid  out,  well  built,  traversed  by  running  streams,  furnished 
with  marble  fountains,  and  has  many  handsome  squares. 
The  aqueduct  bridge  of  Trcsquel  is  ornamented  with  a  mar- 
ble column  to  the  memory  of  Riquct  the  engineer.  The  old 
city  stands  on  elevated  ground,  and  is  interesting  as  retain- 
ing unchanged,  to  a  great  extent,  the  aspect  of  a  fortress  of 
the  Middle  Ages.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls  of  great  solidity, 
portions  of  which  are  supposed  to  be  as  old  as  the  time  of 
the  Visigoths ;  and  it  contains  the  castle  and  the  old  cathe- 
dral. The  other  principal  edifices  in  Carcassonne  are  the 
new  cathedral,  with  a  fine  spire,  the  public  library  of  20,000 
volumes,  prefecture,  town  hall,  hospitals,  theatre,  barracks, 
and  church  of  St.  Vincent.  Carcassonne  is  a  bishop's  sec, 
and  has  a  communal  college,  a  normal  school,  and  a  tri- 
bunal of  commerce.  It  has  been  celebrated  since  the  twelfth 
century  for  its  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths,  which  are 
still  important,  and  it  hosalso  manufactures  of  paper,  leather, 
soap,  hosiery,  cotton  cloth,  wadding,  ironware,  and  pottery. 

Carcavellos,  kaR-k4-v5rioce,  a  village  of  Portugal 
in  Estremadura,  11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lii^bon. 

Carcelen,  kan-thi-ldn',  a  town  of  Spain,  23  miki 
E.N.E.  of  Albacete.     Pop.  1312. 

Carces,  kan'sA',  a  town  of  France,  in  Var,  on  the 
Argons,  18  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Draguignan.     Pop.  2749. 

Carcha,  kon-cbd',  or  San  Pedro  Carcha,  sin 
pi'nro  kaR-ch&',  a  town  of  Guatemala,  a  few  miles  N.  of 
Cohan,  is  said  to  have  a  population  of  36,000. 

CarcnI'la,  a  town  of  British  India,  27  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Mangalorc,  with  a  ruined  palace  of  the  rajahs  of  Tulaja. 

Cardaillac,  kan'dirydk'  or  kan'di'ydk',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Lot,  31  miles  N.E.  of  Cahors.     Pop.  1273. 

Card  en,  kaR'd^n,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  18  mile* 
S.AV.  of  Coblenta.     Pop.  659. 


CAR 


799 


CAB 


I    CardenaS)  kas'di-nis,  a  seaport  town  of  Cnba,  on  tbe 

fl.  ride  of  the  island,  120  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Havana.     Ite 

haritor  has  from  5  to  6  iathomg  of  water,  and  good  anchor- 

pge.    Railwaj  and  telegraph  connect  it  with  Matanzaa  and 

{Harana.     Pop.  3500. 

I   Cardenosa^  kas-d^n-yo'si,  a  town  of  Spain,  3  miles 

«r,W.  of  Avila.     Pop.  800. 

r  Car'den's  Blutf,  a  post-office  of  Carter  oo.,  Tenn. 

Garden's  Bottom,  a  post-office  of  Yell  co..  Ark. 

Carditf,  or  Caerdiff,  kar'diff{ Welsh,  Caerdydd,  ki'er- 
^rAij,  a  borough  and  port  of  Wales,  capital  of  Glamorgan- 

ihire,  on  tbe  estuary  of  the  Severn,  at  tbe  mouth  of  the  Taff, 
70  miles  by  rail  W.  of  London.  It  is  the  terminns  of  ser- 
iial  railways,  and  a  great  point  for  tbe  shipment  of  coal, 
nm  and  steel  rails,  and  tin-plate.  Steamers  ply  hence  to 
(ew  York  and  other  leading  ports.  Several  capacious 
Socks,  basins,  and  piers  increase  its  facilities  for  shipping. 
Xx,  has  a  noble  old  castle,  fine  public  and  private  bnildings, 
^d  namerous  iron-mills,  sbm-yards,  <tc.  One  of  its  sabnrbs 
fs  the  ancient  city  of  Llandafift  Pop.  of  Cardiff  in  1800,  about 
1000:  in  1871,  66,911;  in  1881,  Sa,378;  in  1891,  132,162. 
r  Car'diff,  a  poit-offiee  of  Hitefadl  oo^  Iowa. 
j    Carditf,  a  post-village  of  Onondaga  eo.,  N.Y.,  10  or  11 

rles  5.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  147. 
Cardigan,  or  Cardiganshire,  kar'de-gan-shir,  a 
Isoonty  of  South  Wales,  having  on  the  W.  Cardigan  Bay. 
Area,  693  square  miles,  of  which  scarcely  more  than  one- 
third  is  arable.  The  surface  is  level  on  the  coast,  in  the 
interior  mountainous,  bat  interspersed  with  fertile  valleys. 
iPlinlimmon,  2463  feet  in  height,  is  in  its  N.E.  part.  Its 
.;hief  rirers  are  the  Teify,  Dovy,  Ridol,  Ystwith,  Arth,  and 
iTowy.  Silver-bearing  ores  of  lead  are  profitably  wrought. 
Cbief  towns,  Cardigan,  Aberystwith,  Lampeter,  and  Adpar. 
^t  returns  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Pop.  in 
t871,  73,441;  in  1881,  70,270;  in  1891,  62,596. 
I  Cardigan,  a  borough  of  Wales,  capital  of  the  above 
wnnty,  on  the  Teify,  5  miles  from  its  entrance  into  St. 
jSeorge's  Channel,  23  miles  N.E.  of  Haverford-West,  and 
36  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Carmarthen.  It  has  two  stone 
[bridges  across  the  Teify,  an  old  and  stately  church,  the  re- 
jonains  of  an  ancient  castle  famons  in  Welsh  history,  a  gram- 
jmar-scbool  founded  in  1765,  aconnty  hall,  a  jail,  andabranch 
liHink.  There  is  a  considerable  coasting-trade.  The  ebief 
junports  are  coal,  limestone,  and  timber.  Exports,  slates, 
;i>au,  butter,  ii«.  Vessels  exceeding  300  tons  can  enter  the 
barber,  but  a  bar  at  its  month  renders  the  passage  danger- 
iRis  in  rough  weather.    Pop.  3461. 

!    Car'digan,  a  post-village  in  Kings  eo..  Prince  Edward 
Island,  22  miles  £.  of  Cbarlottetown.    It  contains  several 
^'  ^ "  ?  and  ship-yards.     Pop.  150. 
<^  ardigan  Bay,  an  inlet  of  St.  George's  Channel, 
,-:,  between  Brach-y-Pwll  and  Stumble  Headlands.    It 
re,-eives  the  rivers  Maw,  Dovy,  Ystwith,  Yiron,  and  Teify. 
The  island  of  Bardsey  is  near  its  northern  extremity. 
Cardiganshire*    See  Cabdigas. 
^  rtrdinale,  kan-de-ni'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 

1\  miles  S.S.W.  of  Catancaro.     Pop.  3313. 
Car'dington,  a  poet-village  of  Morrow  eo.,  0.,  in  Car- 
idington  township,  on  tiie  Eastern  Branch  of  tbe  Olentangy 
B:  ■  er,  41  miles  bj  rail  If.  of  Colnmbos.    It  has  6  cbnrehca, 
.tional  bank,  a  banking-house,  a  anion  school,  2  floar- 
mills,  a  fomitBre-CMtmry,  a  bntter-tab-fictory,  and  a 
:  iy  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890, 1428 ;  of  the  town- 
2147. 
Lardington,  a  village  of  Delaware  oo..  Pa.,  in  Upper 
by  township,  on  Cobb's  Creek,  1  mile  from  Femwood 
ion,  whieh  is  4  miles  S.W.  of  Philadelphia.    It  has  2 
pehes,  and  mannfactares  of  cotton  and  woollen  goods. 
Cardiotissa,  or   Kardiotissa,  kan-de-o-tis'sl,  a 
kit  island  belonging  to  the  kingdom  of  Greeee,  between 
ino  and  Policandro.    Lat.  36"  38'  If . ;  Ion.  25°  E. 
\  Cardito,  kan-dee'to,  a  village  of  Italy,  7  miles  N.  of 
HmIcs.     Pop.  4180. 

<-  CardiTa,  kanMlee'v&,  one  of  the  Maldive  Islands,  In- 
dian Ocean.    Lai.d°N.;  Ion.  73°40'£. 

Cardona,  kaa-do'nl,  a  town  of  Spain,  44  miles  N.W. 
«f  Baicelona.  Pan.  3060.  It  is  interspersed  with  cypress 
gudens,  and  has  defoinve  works.  S.W.  of  the  town  is  a 
pBonntain  of  rock  salt,  500  feet  in  elevation,  whieh  affords 
'fm  inexhaostible  supply  of  absolute  parity,  and  so  hard 
that  it  has  to  be  blasted :  va«^  crucifixes,  and  other  arti- 
des  are  tamed  of  tiiis  material.  The  mountain  is  homo- 
(eneoos,  and  the  only  one  of  the  kind  known  in  Europe. 
«  Car'dross,  a  viUage  and  pjuish  of  Sootlaad,  co.  of 
Domhuion,  on  the  Clyde,  3  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Dnm- 
hartim.  Bobert  Bmoe  died  here,  Jane  7,  1329.  Pop.  331 ; 
•r  parish,  7080. 


Cards'Fille,  a  post-hamlet  of  Itawamba  co..  Miss.  It 
has  a  church. 

Cardnchi.    See  Eoordibtan. 

Card'ville,  a  post-office  of  Penobscot  co..  Me. 

Card'well,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Ky.,  14 
miles  W.  of  Harrodeburgh.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  100. 

Cardweli,  a  post-village  of  Goochland  co.,  Va.,  7  mile*; 
(direct)  E.  of  Goochland  Court-House.     It  has  a  charch. 

Cardwell,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Ontario. 
Area,  380  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Credit  River, 
and  traversed  by  the  Toronto,  Grey  &,  Bruce  Kail  way. 
Pop.  16,500. 

Careggi,  ki-r&i'jee,  a  village  of  Italy,  3  miles  N.  of 
Florence,  with  namerous  villas,  and  an  ancient  grand-ducal 
residence  of  the  Medici  family. 

Carelia,  a  district  of  Bossia.    See  Kaeelia. 

Carenvro,  ki'r6s»'kro',  a  post-village  of  La  Fayette 
parish.  La.,  6  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  La  Fayette.  It 
has  a  church  and  2  academies.     Pop.  289. 

Careanac,  k&Vin^n&k',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Lot,  35  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cahors.     Pop.  1020. 

Carentan,  ki'r4s»'t5s»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Mancbe, 
near  tbe  month  of  the  Taute,  17  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of 
Saint- L6.  Pop.  3056.  It  has  old  fortifications,  and  a 
carious  Xorman  church. 

Carentoir,  ki^r6H"UwaB',  a  village  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Morbiban,  35  miles  E.N.E.  of  Vannes.  Pop.  4665. 
It  trades  in  cider  and  butter. 

Caresana,  ki-ri-si'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Novara,  8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Vercelli.     Pop.  3375. 

Ca'rey,  a  post-village  of  Wyandot  co.,  0.,  in  Crawford 
township,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Sandusky  it  Cleveland  Bail> 
road,  at  its  junction  with  the  Findlay  Branch,  and  on  the 
Columbus  k  Toledo  Railroad,  50  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Toledo, 
16  miles  S.W.  of  Tiffin,  and  1 6  miles  E.S.E.  of  Findlay.  It 
has  a  bank,  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  union  school,  a 
foundry,  a  planing-mill,  and  a  sash-factory.     Pop.  1605.     . 

Carey's,  a  station  in  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  on  the  Junction 
&  Breakwater  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Milford. 

Careyville.    See  Cabtville. 

Cargados,  kan-gi'doce,  Garayos,  gi-ri'yoce,  or 
Naz'areth  Islands,  a  group  of  3  small  isles  in  tbe 
Indian  Ocean,  312  miles  N.£.  of  the  Mauritius,  of  which 
colony  they  are  a  dependency.  They  produce  cocoa-nuts, 
and  have  a  scanty  population. 

Carghise,  or  Cargese,  kaa^gais',  a  village  of  Cor- 
nea, 12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ajaecio,  on  the  Gulf  of  Sagone. 
Pop.  1063.  This  commune  was  a  Greek  eolony,  and  its 
church  service  follows  the  Greek  rite. 

Carhaix,  kan^i'  (anc.  Yorga'ninmf),  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  Finist^re,  near  the  Hy^res,  37  miles  N.E.  ot 
Qnimper.  Pop.  2365.  It  is  the  birthplace  of  the  brave  La 
Tour  d'Auvergne. 

Carhnamayo,  kan-wi-ml'o,  a  town  of  Pern,  16  miles 
8.  of  Pasco,  lat.  11°  5'  S.,  Ion.  75°  45'  W.,  and  13,087 
feet  above  the  level  of  tbe  sea. 

Cariaco,  ki-re-&'ko,  or  San  Felipe  de  Anstria, 
sin  fi-lee'p4  di  dws'tre-i,  a  town  of  Venezuela.  40  miles  E. 
of  Cumana,  in  a  plain  watered  by  the  Cariaco  River,  near 
the  Gulf  of  Cariaco.  Lat.  10°  30'  N.;  k»n.  63°  40'  W 
Pop.  7000. 

Cariaco,  a  West  India  island.    See  CARBiAoor. 

Cariati,  ki-re-i'tee  (anc  Pater'num),  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Caserta,  on  the  Gnlf  of  Taranto,  20  miles  by 
rail  E.S.E.  of  Bossano.  Pop.  3439.  It  is  surrounded  by 
old  walls,  and  has  a  cathedral  and  a  seminary.  It  is  » 
bishop's  see. 

Caribbean  or  Carribbean  (k&r'rib-bee'^n)  Sea, 
that  portion  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean  lying  between  tbe  Carib- 
bees  or  Leeward  and  Windward  Islands  on  the  E.,  Central 
America  on  the  W.,  the  islands  of  Hajrti  or  San  Domingo 
and  Cuba  on  the  N.,  and  the  United  States  of  Colombia  and 
Venezuela  on  the  S.  It  eommunieates  with  tbe  Gralf  of 
Mexico  by  a  passage  of  about  120  miles  in  width  between 
Cape  Catocbe,  in  Yucatan,  and  Cape  San  Antonio,  the  most 
westerly  point  of  Cuba.  Itssonthemsboresaregenerallybigh 
and  rocky,  and  contain  some  gulfii  of  eonnderable  extent. 
Bang  but  little  eneombered  with  rocks  or  islands,  its  navi- 
gation is  for  the  most  part  clear  and  open. 

Caribbees,  kir'rib-b^z,  or  Lesser  Antilles,  nsnally 
divided  into  the  Windward  and  Leeward  Islands,  with  some 
minor  groups ;  a  section  of  the  West  India  Islands. 

Car'iboo,  a  post-office  of  Bntler  oo.,  Kansas,  20  miles 
S.  of  Peabody. 

Cariboo  Island,  off  the  K.E.  coast  of  Nova  Scotia, 
near  the  entrance  to  Pietou  harbor,  5  miles  N.  of  Pictoa. 
LaC  4A°  44'  N.;  km.  62°  46'  W.   . 


CAR 


800 


CAR 


Cariboo  Point,  a  peninsula  on  the  N.  «l>oro  of  Lake 
Huron,  famod  on  account  of  tho  hieroglyphics  which  have 
b««n  painted  upon  it«  brow  by  the  Indians.  In  the  vicinity 
are  found  large  and  beautiful  agates. 

Caribou,  klr'j-boo,  a  post-village  of  Boulder  oo.,  Col- 
orado,  on  tho  Snowy  Knngo,  20  miles  W.  of  Boulder.  Altl- 
tnde,  9905  feet.  It  has  rich  silver-mines,  2  hotels,  and  1  or 
mor«  qnarti-milU.    Pop.  about  500. 

Caribou,  a  post-village  of  Aroostook  co.,  Me.,  on  the 
Aroostook  River  and  the  Aroostook  Railroad,  54  miles  N. 
of  Houlton.  It  baa  5  ohurohes,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office, 
»  grist-iuill,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  starch,  saah, 
blinds,  *c.     Pop.  of  Caribou  township,  4087. 

Carical,  a  town  of  India.    See  Caiirical. 
;     Carife,  k&-ree'fi  (anc.  Callijue  f),  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Avellino,  in  the  Apennines,  11  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ari- 
ono.     It  has  a  college.     Pop.  2400. 

Cari|;nan ,  k&>een^yANo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ardennes, 
26  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  M6«;i6re8.     Pop.  2051. 

'  Carignano,  k&-recn-y&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  11  miles  S.  of  Turin.  Pop.  4665.  It  is  enclosed  by  old 
walls,  and  has  a  commercial  college,  a  handsome  church,  and 
manufactures  of  silk  twist  and  confectionery.  Carignano 
(Id  French,  Carignan)  gives  the  title  of  prince  to  a  branch 
of  tho  royal  family. 

Carillon,  kiVceryon',  a  post-village  in  Argentcuil  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  Ottawa  River,  51  miles  from  Montreal.  It 
is  a  port  of  landing,  and  the  S.E.  terminus  of  a  railway  ex- 
tending to  Qrcnville.     Pop.  500. 

Carilocus,  the  ancient  name  of  Charlieu. 

Carimata  (ki-reo-mi't4)  Islands  (Malay,  Kurimata), 
tk  group  of  over  100  islands  in  tho  Billiton  Passage,  W. 
of  Borneo.  Between  Grand  Carimata  (the  largest)  and  the 
iiiland  of  Billiton  is  the  Carimata  Strait. 

Car^imo'na,  a  small  river  or  creek  of  Minnesota,  rises 
in  Mowor  co.,  runs  nearly  eastward  into  Fillmore  oo.,  and 
enters  the  Root  River  about  8  miles  N.E.  of  Preston. 

Carimona,  a  post-village  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Carimona  township,  on  a  branch  of  Root  River,  about  40 
miles  S.W.  of  Winona.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  2  general 
Stores.     Pop.  of  the  township,  894. 

Carimon  Islands.    See  Great  and  Little  Carimons. 

Carimon  Java,  k&Ve-mon'  j&'vjl,  an  island  in  a  group 
of  the  same  name  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  20  miles  in  cir- 
cumference. Lat.  5°  60'  S. ;  Ion.  110°  34'  E.  It  contains 
a  Dutch  trading-post. 

Cariiiena,  ka-reen-y&'n&,  a  town  of  Spain,  30  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Saragossa.     Pop.  3350. 

Carinhcnlia,  kl-reen-yfin'yS,,  a  river  of  Brazil,  rising 
in  the  state  of  Goyaz,  in  the  Serra  Tabatinga,  flows  E., 
forming  the  boundary-line  between  the  states  of  Bahia  and 
Minas-Gcraes,  and  falls  into  the  Sao  Francisco.  Length, 
160  miles  direct. 

Carinhenha,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Bahia,  on 
the  Sao  Francisco,  at  tho  mouth  of  the  Carinhenha,  52  miles 
N.  of  Salgado.     Pop.  2000. 

Carini,  ki-ree'nee,  a  town  of  Sicily,  12  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Palermo.  Pop.  9585.  It  is  beautifully  situated  on  the 
small  river  of  the  same  name.  Among  its  public  buildings 
is  a  Gothic  castle.     Near  it  arc  the  ruins  of  Hycaara. 

Carinola,  ki-re-no'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Caserta,  20  miles  E.  of  Gaeta.  Pop.  900 ;  with  commune, 
7640.     Its  vicinity  produces  excellent  wine. 

Carinthia,  ka-rin'the-a,  Kiirnthen,  or  K&rnten, 
kaiRn't^n,  a  crown-land  and  titular  duchy  of  Austro-Hun- 
gary,  in  Cisleithania,  enclosed  by  Salzburg,  Styria,  Carniola, 
Goritz,  Italy,  and  the  Tyrol.  Area,  4006  square  miles. 
Capital,  Klagenfurth.  Two-thirds  of  its  people  are  Ger- 
mans, and  one-third  of  Slavic  race.  Pop.  in  1876,  378,705. 
Its  surface  is  mountainous.     Principal  river,  the  Drave. 

Chief  lake,  the  Klagenfurth. Adj.  and  inhab.  Carin- 

TBIAN,  ka-rin'the-an. 

Caripe,  ki-ree'p4,  a  town  and  valley  of  Venezuela,  40 
miles  S.E.  of  Cumana. 

Car'is brook,  a  post-office  of  Furnas  co..  Neb. 

Car'isbrool^e,  a  village  and  parish  of  the  Isle  of 
■Wight,  England,  li  miles  S.W.  of  Newport.  The  castle,  a 
British  fortress  prior  to  the  Roman  invasion,  was  taken  by 
Cerdic  the  Saxon  in  530 ;  afterwards  it  was  held  by  the  Nor- 
mans, and  its  fortifications  were  extended  by  Queen  Eliza- 
beth. It  is  a  magnificent  structure,  and  was  the  prison  of 
Charles  I.  for  13  months.  Within  its  walls  is  a  remarkable 
well,  200  feet  in  depth.  The  church  was  built  by  the  first 
Norman  lord  of  the  island,  and,  with  the  castle  and  village, 
is  singularly  picturesque. 

Cacitamini,  a  river  of  Brazil.    See  Catrimani. 

Carl,  a  j>o8t-township  and  liamlot  of  Adams  co.^  Iowa, 


about  66  miles  S.W.  of  Des  Moines.     Pop.  of  hamlet,  76j 
of  township,  534. 

Carla»le-Compte,kaRM&'-lfh-k6N't,atownofFraii«(^  i 
in  Aridge,  11  miles  W.  of  Paniicrs.     Pop.  1869. 

Car'lee,  a  village  of  India,  presidency  of  Bombay,  S4 
miles  N.W.  of  Poonah,  famous  for  some  rvmarknblo*oave> 
temples,  the  principal  of  which  is  one  of  tho  finest  cxcava. 
tions  of  its  kind  in  India,  having  an  arched  roof  supported 
by  sculptured  pillars. 

Carlentini,  kaR-Un-toe'nee,  a  town  of  Sicily,  19  milei 
N.W.  of  Syracuse.  It  was  founded  by  the  Emperor  Charlw 
V.     Pop.  6756. 

Carlet,  kan-ldt',  a  town  of  Spain,  19  miles  S.  of  Valca- 
cia,  on  the  Roquefia.     Pop.  4300. 

Carlcton,  or  Carlton,  karl't^n,  a  post-village  of 
Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  in  Ash  township,  on  tho  Chicago  it  Can* 
ada  Southern  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Flint  k  I'ere 
Marquette  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Monroe,  and  29  milei 
S.W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  2  saw-mills,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
stave-factory.    Pop.  260. 

Carleton,  a  post-village  of  Thayer  oo..  Neb.,  31  milei 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Fairbury.  It  has  2  churches,  2  banks, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  700. 

Carleton,  karl'tpn,  a  county  in  the  eastern  part  of  On- 
tario, has  an  area  of  049  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by 
a  railroad  extending  from  Prescott  to  Ottawa,  and  by  tho 
Canada  Central  Railway.     Capital,  Ottawa.     Pop.  43,L'84. 

Carleton,  a  county  in  the  western  part  of  New  Bruns- 
wick, bounded  on  tho  W.  by  the  river  St.  John.  It  containa 
deposits  of  iron  ore,  and  is  intersected  by  tho  New  Bruns- 
wick  <fc  Canada  Railway.  Area,  1250  square  miles.  Capi- 
tal, Woodstock.     Pop.  19,938. 

Carlcton,  a  post-village  in  Yarmouth  co..  Nova  Scotia, 
16  miles  from  Yarmouth.     Pop.  778. 

Carleton,  a  post-village  in  Bonaventure  co.,  Quebec,  at 
the  foot  of  the  Tracadieche  Mountains,  on  tho  S.  shore  of 
the  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Dalhousie,  New  liruna- 
wick.  The  bay  opposite  the  village  affords  a  safe  refuge  for 
shipping.  Carleton  has  a  great  herring-fishery,  a  brunch 
bank,  and  4  stores.     Pop.  500. 

Carleton,  a  post-village  in  Prince  co.,  Prince  Edward 
Island,  33  miles  W.  of  Charlottetown.     Pop.  200. 

Carleton,  a  suburb  of  the  city  of  St.  John,  New  Bruns- 
wick,  on  the  western  side  of  the  harbor,  immediately  op- 
posite the  city.  It  has  a  number  of  steam  saw-mills,  a 
foundry,  many  fine  residences,  a  public  hall,  7  churches, 
schools,  Ac.  A  largo  portion  of  its  inhabitants  are  engaged 
in  the  fisheries.  A  sieam-fcrry  maintains  communication 
with  the  city  every  fifteen  minutes.  Carleton  is  the  eastern 
terminus  of  the  European  &  North  American  Railway. 

Carleton,  a  village  in  Shelburne  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  9 
miles  from  Shelburne.     Pop.  1044. 

Carleton  Place,  a  town  in  Lanark  co.,  Ontario,  at  a 
railway  junction,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  21  miles  N.  by 
E.  of  Perth,  and  28  miles  S.W.  of  Ottawa.  It  has  great 
water-power,  several  saw-mills,  a  shingle-mill,  a  woollen- 
factory,  4  churches,  and  a  weekly  newspaper.  Steamers 
ply  on  the  Mississippi  River.     Pop.  1205. 

Carleton's  Store,  a  post-villago  of  King  and  Queen 
CO.,  Va.,  10  miles  from  Sweet  Hall  Railroad  Station.  It  has 
a  church,  a  grist-mill,  <fcc. 

Car'lile  Springs,  a  station  on  the  Canon  City  Branch 
of  the  Denver  k  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  20  miles  W.  by  N 
from  Pueblo,  Colorado. 

Car'lin,  a  township  of  Calhoun  co..  111.     Pop.  634. 

Carlin,  a  post- village  of  Elko  co.,  Nevada,  on  the  Hum- 
boldt River,  and  on  tho  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  440  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Sacramento.  It  has  a  public  library  and  some 
machine-shops  of  the  railroad.     Pop.  295. 

Car'lingford,  or  Car'linford,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co. 
of  Louth,  on  the  southern  shore  of  Carlingford  Bay,  10  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Dundalk.  It  has  the  remains  of  a  castle  and  of 
a  Dominican  friary.     Pop.  971. 

Car'lingford,  a  post-village  in  Perth  co.,  Ontario,  8 
miles  S.W.  of  Sebringville.  It  has  saw-mills  and  grist- 
mills.    Pop.  100. 

Carlingford  Bay  is  an  inlet  of  the  Irish  Sea,  between 
the  cos.  of  Louth  and  Down,  11  miles  in  length  by  3  miles 
in  its  greatest  breadth. 

Car'lington  Mountains  are  situated  on  the  S.  side 
of  the  above  bay,  and  rise  to  1935  feet  in  height. 

Car'linville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Macoupin  co., 
111.,  is  in  Carlinvillo  township,  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Alton  Rail- 
road, 38  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Springfield,  and  33  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Alton.  It  is  1  or  2  miles  N.  of  Macoupin  Creek. 
It  is  the  seat  of  Blackburn  University  (Presbyterian),  which 
was  organized  in  1867.    Carlinville  lias  a  national  and  a 


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private  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  8  churches,  and  2  flour- 
inills.     Pop.  in  1890,  3293 ;  of  the  township,  4226. 
Carlinwark,  Scotland.    See  Castle  Douglas. 
Carlisle^  kar-lil'  (anc.   Luyxtvallio  or  Lurjuvallurri),  a 
city  of  England,  capital  of  the  county  of  Cumberland,  near 
the  confluence  of  the  Eden,  Caldew,  and  Petrie  Rivers,  at 
;  the  junction  of  seven  railways,  300  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lon- 
don, and  60   miles  W.S.W.  of  Newcastle.      Its  principal 
streets  diverge  from  an  irregularly  shaped  market-place,  and 
are  wide  and  well  paved.     The  cathedral,  which  is  situated 
on  an  elevated  site,  has  a  tower  130  feet  in  height,  and  a 
fine  eastern  window.     The  castle,  built  by  "William  Rufus, 
on  an  eminence  beside  the  Eden,  is  now  used  for  a  barrack 
'  and  armory.     The  other  chief  structures  are  four  bridges, — 
I  one  across  the  Eden,  a  handsome  bridge  of  10  arches, — the 
!  town   hall,  guild  hall,  council-chamber,   jail,  news-rooms, 
I  court-houses,  railway  buildings,  banks,  infirmary,  a  gram- 
i  mar-school,  an  academy  for  the  encouragement  of  arts  and 
mechanics'  institutions,  a  theatre,  assembly-rooms,  several 
libraries,  and  extensive  manufactories  of  cotton  goods,  print- 
and  dye-works,  iron-foundries,  breweries,  tanneries,  and  hat- 
factories.     Carlisle  is  a  bishop's  see.     The  city  corporation 
consists  of  a  mayor,  10  aldermen,  and  30  councillors.     The 
town  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons.     Its  see, 
founded  by  Henry  I.,  comprises  parishes  in  Cumberland  and 
Westmoreland.     Carlisle  was   originally  a  Roman  station, 
called  Luguvallum,  abbreviated  by  the  Saxons  to  Luel,  to 
which  was  put  the  prefix  Cacr,  or  "city,"  whence  Carlisle. 
It  was  destroyed  by  the  Danes  in  the  ninth  century,  and 
Bubsequently  restored  by  William  Rufus.     Pop.  39,176. 
.  Carlisle,  karMil',  a  post-village  of  Lonoke  co.,  Ark., 
31  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Little  Rock.     It  has  a  flour-mill,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  numerous  stores  and  other  business 
concerns.     Pop.  about  600. 

Carlisle,  St.  Joseph  co.,  Ind.    See  New  Carlisle. 

Carlisle,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co.,  Ind.,  in  Had- 
don  township,  on  the  Evansville  &  Terre  Haute  Railroad, 
36  miles  S.  of  Terre  Haute.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  woollen-factory. 
Pop.  499. 

Carlisle,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa,  in  Allen 
township,  on  North  River,  and  on  a  branch  railroad  which 
connects  Des  Moines  with  Indianola,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Des 
Moines.  It  has  i  churches,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 
Pop.  about  400. 

Carlisle,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Nicholas  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Maysville  &  Lexington  Railroad,  36  miles  N.E.  of  Lex- 
ington. It  has  a  bank,  a  court-house,  the  Kentucky  Nor- 
mal School,  4  churches,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  606. 

Carlisle,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Middlesex  co., 
Mass.,  5  miles  N.  of  Concord.  The  township  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Concord  River.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  548. 
Carlisle  Station,  near  the  western  limit  of  the  township,  is 
on  the  Framingham  &  Lowell  Railroad. 

Carlisle,  a  post-hamlct  of  Eaton  co.,  Mich.,  in  Kalamo 
township,  6i  miles  W.  of  Charlotte.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and 
a  manufactory  of  bedsteads,  croquet-sets,  carts,  &o, 

Carlisle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Car- 
lisle township,  6  miles  N.  of  Cobleskill,  and  about  40  miles 
W.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  church.  The  township  has  a  fur- 
nace, a  tannery,  a  cheese-factory,  <fcc.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 16.S4. 

Carliisle,  a  hamlet  of  Brown  co.,  0.,  about  45  miles  B. 
by  S.  of  Cincinnati.     It  has  a  church  and  a  plough-factory. 

Carlisle,  a  hamlet  of  Holmes  co.,  0.,  in  Walnut  Creek 
township,  about  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Massillon. 

Carlisle,  a  village  of  Noble  co.,  0.,  in  Stock  township, 
10  miles  E.  of  Caldwell,  and  about  25  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Marietta.  It  has  a  church  and  a  wagon-shop.  Coal  is 
found  here.    Pop.  218.    The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Berne. 

Carlisle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  0.,  44  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Cincinnati,  and  12  miles  (direct)  N.W.  of 
Lebanon.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  2729. 

Carlisle,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Cumberland  co., 
Pa.,  is  pleasantly  situated  in  the  long  and  fertile  Cumber- 
land Valley,  19  miles  W.S.W.  of  Harrisburg,  33  miles  N.E, 
of  Chambersburg,  and  125  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  is 
on  the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad  (which  connects  it  with 
Harrisburg),  and  is  at  the  north  terminus  of  the  South 
Mountain  Railroad.  It  is  the  seat  of  Dickinson  College 
(Methodist),  founded  in  1783,  which  has  250  students  and 
libraries  containing  177,000  volumes.  Carlisle  contains  a 
court-house,  15  churches,  an  Indian  training-school  with 
900  scholars,  3  banks,  4  newspaper  offices,  4  machine-shops, 
3  large  shoe- factories,  a  silk-mill,  a  foundry,  and  manu- 
factures of  carriages  and  cars.  This  town  was  shelled  by 
the  Confederates  July  1,  1863.     Pop.  in  1890,  7620. 


Carlisle,  a  post-village  in  Wentworth  co.,  Ontario,  13 
miles  from  Hamilton.     It  has  an  iron-foundry.     Pop.  100, 

Carlisle,  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario.    See  Falkirk. 

Carlisle  Centre,  a  post-hamlct  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.T., 
3  miles  from  Howe's  Cave  Railroad  Station. 

Carlisle  Springs,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort  of 
Cumberland  co..  Pa.,  4  miles  N.  of  Carlisle.  It  has  a  min- 
eral spring. 

Carl  Junction,  a  post-village  of  Jasper  co..  Mo.,  about 
13  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Carthage.  It  has  5  churches,  a 
bank,  a  graded  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  699. 

Carlo,  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  IJothnia.     See  Kaulo. 

Car'locksville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rutherford  co.,  Tenn., 
8  miles  N.E.  of  Fosterville  Railroad  Station.  It  has  about 
20  families. 

Carloforte,  kaK-lo-fon'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the 
island  of  San  Pietro,  near  the  S.W.  coast  of  Sardinia.  Pop. 
3405.     It  has  fisheries  and  salt-works. 

Carlopago,  kaR-lo-p3,'go,  or  Carlobago,  kan-lo- 
bi'go,  a  seaport  of  Croatia,  on  the  Adriatic,  opposite  the 
Dalmatian  island  of  Pago.  It  has  an  active  trade  in  wine, 
timber,  and  fish.     Pop.  1200, 

Carlopoli,  kaR-Iop'o-le,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
12i  miles  N.N.W.  of  Catanzaro.     Pop.  2200. 

Car'los,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.C..  about 
5  miles  W.  of  Kyle's  Landing,  which  is  about  15  miles 
(direct)  N.  by  E.  of  Fayetteville. 

Carlos  City,  a  post-village  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind.,  5 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Lynn,  and  11  miles  (direct)  S.  by  W, 
of  Winchester. 

Carlota,  or  La  Carlota,  15.  kaR-lo'ti,  a  town  of 
Spain,  17  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cordova.  It  is  one  of  the  Ger- 
man colonies  founded  in  1767.     Pop.  1350. 

Car'low,  a  county  of  Ireland,  in  Leinster,  encircled  by 
the  counties  of  Kildare,  Wicklow,  Wexford,  Queens,  and  Kil- 
kenny. Area,  346  square  miles,  of  which  about  295  square 
miles  are  arable.  Surface,  except  in  the  S.,  flat  or  gently 
undulating.  Principal  rivers,  the  Barrow  and  Sianey. 
Agriculture  is  more  advanced  than  in  most  Irish  counties. 
Dairy  farms  are  numerous,  and  the  breed  of  cows  is  excellent. 
Granite  is  found,  also  flagstones  and  potter's  clay.  Chief 
towns,  Carlow,  Bagnalstown,  and  Tullow.  Exclusive  of  its 
capital,  it  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 
Pop.  in  1881,  46,568  ;  in  1891,  40,899. 

Carlow  (originally  Cathej-lor/h,  kath'er-loH*),  a  town  of 
Ireland,  capital  of  the  above,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Bur- 
ren  with  the  navigable  river  Barrow,  56  miles  by  rail  S.S.AV. 
of  Dublin.  It  is  clean  and  well  built,  and  has  2  handsome 
bridges,  the  ruins  of  a  strong  Anglo-Norman  castle,  a  Prot- 
estant parish  church,  an  elegant  Catholic  church,  a  college 
for  divinity  students,  2  nunneries,  a  court-house,  a  jail,  a 
lunatic  asylum  and  infirmary,  a  fever  hospital,  workhouse, 
barracks,  &o.  It  has  flour-mills  and  breweries,  sends  a  mem- 
ber to  Parliament,  and  is  the  seat  of  the  Catholic  bishop  of 
Kildare.     Pop.  7842. 

Car'low,  01-  Smith's  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Huron 
CO.,  Ontario,  7  miles  from  Goderich.     Pop.  100. 

Carlowitz,  or  Karlowitz,  kaR'lo-vits  (Hun.  Karlo- 
vdcz,  kaR^o^v^ts'),  a  town  of  Austro-IIungary,  in  Slavonia, 
7  miles  S.E.  of  Peterwardein,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Danube.  It  is  well  built,  but  much  scattered,  stretching 
along  the  banks  of  the  river  like  a  large  village  rather  than 
a  town.  It  contains  a  Greek  cathedral,  a  Roman  Catholic 
gymnasium,  a  Greek  theological  seminary  and  lyceum,  a 
German  school,  a  normal  school,  and  a  hospital,  and  is  the 
seat  of  a  Greek  archbishop.  The  palace  of  the  archbishop 
contains  a  valuable  library.     Pop.  4419. 

Car'IOAVville,  a  hamlet  of  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  2  miles 
from  Minter  Railroad  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Carl  Place,  a  hamlet  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  in  North 
Hempstead  township,  3  miles  from  Mineola. 

Carls'bad  (Ger.  Karlsbad,  kaBls'bit,  or  Kaiaerharls- 
bad,  ki'zer-kanls'bit,  formerly  called  Wary,  -^k'neo),  a 
town  of  Bohemia,  on  the  Topel,  near  its  junction  with  the 
Eger,  70  miles  N.N.W.  of  Prague,  famous  for  its  hot  springs. 
Pop.  7276;  but  during  the  season  the  population  often 
amounts  to  20,000.  Mean  temperature  of  the  year,  46° ; 
winter,  36°. 3;  summer,  63°. 7  Fahrenheit.  It  is  the  most 
aristocratic  watering-place  in  Europe.  The  town,  which 
belongs  to  the  Emperor  of  Austria,  occupies  the  bottom  of 
a  narrow  valley,  between  steep  granite  mountains,  and  con- 
sists mainly  of  lodging-houses  and  hotels  for  visitors.  It 
has  one  handsome  street,  the  Kunatstraase,  in  connection 
with  a  granite  bridge  to  the  railway  station  across  the 
Eger,  a  theatre,  a  hospital,  and  several  reading-rooms.  The 
springs  contain  a  great  amount  of  carbonate  and  sulphata 
of  soda;   and  the  Spriidel,  temperature  165°  Fahrenheit 


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de|XMlti  80  muoh  inonutAtion,  and  is  forced  upwards  with 
■ueh  violence,  that  fresh  orifioea  have  to  be  continually 
bored  to  prevent  explosions  and  damages  to  the  town.  The 
MUhlbruHHtn,  temperature  138"  Fahrenheit,  furnishes  most 
of  the  water  used  for  drinking.  Vapor  baths  have  been 
oonstruoted  over  the  JIgijienquelU.  There  are  several  other 
notod  hot  wells  here ;  but  all,  aooording  to  a  popular  theory, 
derive  their  waters  from  a  common  reservoir.  The  baths 
•re  frrqucnted  from  June  to  September. 

Caris'bad,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  San 
Diego  CO.,  Cal.,  30  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  San  Diego. 
It  has  several  church  organizations  and  a  district  school. 

Ciirlsltur;;,  Transylvania.     See  KAUL.tucito. 

Carl8croiia,kaKl8-kroo'n&,orl{lekinge,bli'king-9b, 
a  laon  or  province  in  the  S.  of  Sweden,  between  lat.  66°  and 
66°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  14°  30'  and  16°  E.,  having  S.  and  E.  the 
Baltic,  W.  Christionstad,  N.  Kronoberg,  and  N.E.  Kalmar. 
Area,  1164  square  miles.  It  is  called  the  garden  of  Sweden. 
Pop.  134,005.     Principal  towns,  Carlscrona  and  Carlshamn. 

Carlscrona,or  Karlskrona,  kaRls-kroo'ni,,  in  Eng- 
lish sometimes  ciillod  Carlscroon',  a  fortified  town  of  Swe- 
den, and  the  principal  station  of  the  Swedish  navy,  capital 
of  the  above,  on  5  small  islands  in  the  Baltic,  connected  by 
bridges  with  one  another  and  the  mainland,  55  miles  E.  of 
Christianstad.  Lat.  of  S.  point,  56°  9'  5"  N.;  Ion.  15°  35' 
2"  E.  It  is  the  terminus  of  a  railway  to  Wexio.  It  has 
an  extensive  and  safe  harbor,  sufficient  for  the  largest  ships, 
and  3  entrances,  the  principal  defended  by  strong  forts.  The 
town  is  well  built,  partly  of  brick,  but  principally  of  wood ; 
it  is  separated  by  a  wall  from  an  extensive  naval  arsenal 
and  dock-yard.  Chief  edifices,  the  churches,  council-house, 
and  public  schools.  It  has  manufactures  of  naval  equip- 
ments, linen  cloths,  tobacco,  and  refined  sugar,  and  an  ex- 
port trade  in  metals,  potash,  and  other  produce.  Pop.  in 
1876,  17,290  ;  in  1885,  19,127. 

Carlsdal)  kanls'd&l^  the  name  of  some  extensive  iron- 
works, with  a  cannon-foundry  and  manufactures  of  arms, 
in  Sweden,  laen  and  22  miles  N.W.  of  Orebro. 

Carlshafen,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Kaulshafen. 

Carlshamn,  or  Karlshamn,  kanls'b&m,  a  town  of 
Sweden,  26  miles  W.  of  Carlscrona,  on  the  Baltic,  at  the 
terminus  of  a  railway.  It  is  regularly  built,  and  has  a  good 
market-place,  manufactures  of  sail-cloth,  tobacco,  and  hats, 
building-docks,  a  small  but  secure  port,  and  an  active  trade 
in  iron,  timber,  potash,  pitch,  and  tar.     Pop.  5492, 

Carlshoff,  karls'hoff,  an  island  in  the  North  Pacific. 
Lat.  15°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  145°  38'  W.  It  is  about  18  miles  in 
circumference,  and  has  a  lake  in  the  centre. 

Carlso,  kaRl'so,  a  small  Swedish  island  in  the  Baltic, 
W.  of  Gothland.     Lat.  57°  19'  39"  N.;  Ion.  18°  E. 

Carlsruhe,  or  Karlsruhe,  kauls'roo^  ("  Charles's 
Rest"),  a  city  of  Germany,  capital  of  the  grand  duchy  of 
Baden,  at  the  junction  of  several  railways,  4  miles  E.  of 
the  Rhino,  and  39  miles  W.N.W.  of  Stuttgart.  Its  princi- 
pal streets  converge  towards  the  palace  as  a  centre,  facing 
which  is  a  fine  circus,  with  the  government  oflSces.  The 
grand-ducal  palace  has  a  tower  commanding  a  fine  view,  a 
museum,  and  a  library  of  110,000  volumes.  Other  prin- 
cipal edifices  are  the  grand-ducal  stables,  the  theatre,  the 
palace  of  the  Margraves,  polytechnic  school,  Protestant  and 
Catholic  churches,  a  synagogue,  council-house,  the  hall  of 
rcjjrescntatives,  mint,  post-office,  barracks,  arsenal,  a  deaf- 
mute  asylum,  cannon-foundry,  museum,  club-house,  and 
hospitals,  including  one  richly  endowed  by  the  tailor  Stultz 
(in  return  for  which  he  was  created  a  baron).  Carlsruhe  is 
supplied  with  water  by  an  .aqueduct,  and  ornamented  with 
several  public  fountains  and  a  stone  pyramid,  under  which 
the  founder  of  the  city  was  buried.  The  gardens  of  the 
palace  form  the  chief  public  promenade.  Public  institu- 
tions comprise  a  lyccum,  military,  medical,  and  veterinary 
schools,  academies  of  architecture,  painting,  and  music,  a 
botanic  garden,  a  society  of  arts,  and  numerous  literary  as- 
sociations. Manufactures  of  jewelry,  gloves,  tobacco,  car- 
pets, snuff,  chemical  products,  furniture,  and  carriages  are 
carried  on,  but  the  chief  resources  of  the  inhabitants  arise 
out  of  the  presence  of  the  court  and  aristocracy.  Consider- 
able transit  trade  is  carried  on  by  means  of  the  Rhino  and 
the  railways.  Carlsruhe  is  a  modern  city,  its  foundation 
having  been  laid  in  1715,  by  Charles  AVilliam,  Margrave 
of  Baden.     Pop.  in  1880.  49,998  ;  in  1885,  61,074. 

Carlsruhe,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  18  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Oppeln.     Pop.  2132. 

Carlsruhe,  or  Karlsruhe,  a  post-village  in  Bruce 
00.,  Ontario,  10  miles  from  Walkerton.     Pop.  150. 

Carlstad,  kanl'stitt,  Vermland,  or  Wermland, 
T&am'lint,  a  laen  or  province  of  Sweden,  mostly  between 
Ut. 69°  and  61° N. and  Ion.  12°  and  14°  30'  E.,  having  S.  Lake 


Wener,  W.  Norway,  E.  Orebro,  and  N.E.  Fahlun.  Area, 
7340  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1880,  268,417.  The  provinoa 
comprises  some  rich  iron-mines. 

Carlstad,  a  town  of  Sweden,  capital  of  the  above  l»n, 
on  the  N.  shore  of  Lake  Wener,  160  miles  by  rail  W.  of 
Stockholm.  It  has  a  handsome  cathedral,  a  cullcxu  with 
library  and  observatory,  a  town  house,  governor's  resitlcnoe, 
freemason3'hull,theatre,  club,  and  cabinet  of  natural  history. 
It  exports  copper,  iron,  corn,  salt,  and  timber.  It  is  » 
bishop's  see.     Pop.  7412. 

Carlstadt,  Germany.    See  Kaulstadt. 

Carlstadt,  karl'statt,  a  post- village  of  Bergen  oo., 
N.J.,  4  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Ilackensack.  It  has  2  churches, 
steam  marble-  and  brass-works,  the  works  of  the  Vulcan 
Hardware  Company,  and  manufactures  of  watch-ciue 
springs  and  artificial  flowers.  A  newspaper  is  published 
here  in  German. 

Carls'ton,  a  township  of  Freeborn  oo.,  Minn.  Pop. 
438.     It  contains  part  of  Freeborn  Lake. 

Carl'ton,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Minnesota,  has 
an  area  of  865  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  St. 
Louis  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Kettle  and  Nemadjl 
Rivers.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and  extensively  covered 
with  forests  of  piue  and  other  trees.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Northern  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Thomson.  Pop.  in 
1870,  286;  in  1880,  1230  ;  in  1890,  5272. 

Carlton,  a  township  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  844. 

Carlton,  a  post-office  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas,  about 

3  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Banner  City. 

Carlton,  a  township  of  Barry  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1089. 

Carlton,  a  post-village  of  Carlton  co.,  Minn.,  situated 
at  the  head  of  the  St.  Louis  River,  1  mile  S.  of  Thomson, 
and  20  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Duluth.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  lumber, 
slate,  brick,  and  shoes.     Pop.  1000. 

Carlton,  Nebraska.     Sec  Cauletox. 

Carlton,  a  post-village  of  Orleans  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Carlton 
township,  on  Oak  Orchard  Creek,  IJ  miles  from  Carlton 
Station  of  the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad, 
and  32  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Rochester.     It  has  2  churches. 

Carlton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yam  Ilill  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Oregon  Central  Railroad,  43  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Portland. 
It  has  a  church. 

Carlton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  on  French 
Creek,  and  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Moadville  with 
Franklin,  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Meadville. 

Carlton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kewaunee  co..  Wis.,  in  Carl- 
ton township,  is  on  Lake  Michigan,  26  miles  E.S.E.  of  the 
town  of  Green  Bay.  It  has  2  mills  and  a  church.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1412. 

Carlton,  a  village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  5  miles  by  rail 
S.W.  of  Toronto.     Pop.  150. 

Carlton  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barry  co.,  Mich.,  7 
miles  N.  of  Hastings.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Carlton  Park,  a  station  in  Passaic  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Montclair  A  Greenwood  Lake  Railroad,  21  miles  N.W.  of 
Jersey  City. 

Carlton's  Store,  Va.    See  Cakleton's  Store. 

Carlton  Station,  a  post-office  of  Orleans  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Lake  Ontario  Shore  Railroad,  47  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
Lewiston. 

Carl'tonville,  a  station  in  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Salem  &  Lawrence  Branch  of  the  Eastern  Railroad,  1  mile 
from  Salem. 

Car'luke,  a  borough  of  Scotland,  co.  and  5  miles  N.W. 
of  Lanark.  It  has  cotton-mills,  coal-,  iron-,  and  lime-works, 
and  a  handsome  church.     Pop.  3423. 

Carlylc,  kar'lil',  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clinton  co., 
111.,  is  on  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad  where  it  crosses 
the  navigable  Kaskaskia  or  Okaw  River,  47  miles  E.  of  St. 
Louis,  Mo.,  and  about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Centralia.     It  hag 

4  banks  and  5  churches.  Three  weekly  newspapers  (1  in 
German)  are  published  here.  It  has  also  a  graded  school, 
and  manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber.     Pop.  2000. 

Carlyle,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Allen  co.,  Kansas, 
on  the  Leavenworth,  Lawrence  &  Galveston  Railroad,  5 
miles  N.  of  lola,  and  13  miles  N.  of  Humboldt.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Carlyle,  a  station  in  Gove  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Kan-sas 
Pacific  Railroad,  87  miles  W.N.W.  of  Hays  City. 

Carly'on,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orleans  co.,  N.Y.,  and  a  sta- 
tion on  the  Lake  Ontario  division  of  the  Rome,  Watertown 
&  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  41  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Lewiston.  It 
has  a  church. 

Carmagnola,  kaB-min-yo'l4,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Pied- 
mont, on  the  Po,  at  a  railway  junction,  16  miles  S.  of  Turin. 
It  is  well  built;  its  principal  squares  and  streets  are  orna- 


CAR 


803 


CAR 


I  mented  with  porticos ;  and  it  has  a  fine  Gothic  church,  a 
I  massive  tower,  formerly  part  of  a  castle,  manufactures  of 
'  jewelry,  and  an  active  trade.     Pop.  12,799. 

Carman,  nn  island.  Gulf  of  Siam.     See  Koii-Sama. 
Car'man,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henderson  co..  III.,  on  the 
Jlississipfii  lliver,  6  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Burlington,  Iowa. 
Carman,  a  post-village  of  Elk  co.,  Pa.,  8  miles  by  rail 
S.Vf.  of  RIdgvvay.     It  has  a  church, a  graded  school,  a  saw- 
mill, a  tannery,  and  a  raateh-stick-factory.     Pop.  about  600. 
Cannana,  a  Persian  town.    See  Keuman. 
Carniania,  a  Persian  province.     See  Kerjian. 
Carmarthen, Caermarthen,  kar-mar'THen,  orCar- 
iiiarthenshire,  kar-mar'TH^n-shir,  a  county  of  Wales, 
I  having  S.  the  Bristol  Channel.     Area,  947  square  miles. 
iSurfaee  hilly,  interspersed  with  productive  valleys;  on  the 
|E.  it  is  bounded  by  mountains,  one  of  which,  the  Van,  rises 
12596  feet.     Chief  rivers,  the  Towy,  Cothy,  and  Taf.     Agri- 
j culture  is  the  leading  employment.     Grain,  hay,  wool,  and 
(live-stock  are  produced.     Iron,  lead,  coal,  and  lime  are  the 

1  chief  mineral  products.  Several  railways  connect  the  mines 
of  the  interior  with  the  coast.  Chief  towns,  Carmarthen, 
Llandovery,  Kidwelly,  and  Llanelly ;  exclusive  of  which  it 
[sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Pop.  1.^0,574. 
j  Carmarthen,  kar-mar'Tiien  (anc.  Caer  Fryddyn, 
jki'§r  fruTH'in;  Lat,  Maridu'nnni),  a  borough  of  South 
I  Wales,  capital  of  the  above  county,  on  the  Towy,  8  miles 
iabove  its  mouth,  and  at  an  important  railway  junction,  23 
miles  N.W.  of  Swansea.  Streets  steep  and  irregular ;  houses 
mostly  well  built.  Principal  edifices,  a  largo  parish  church, 
!  guild  hall,  market-house,  jail,  custom-house,  and  theatre. 
\  The  town  has  a  grammar-school  and  a  Presbyterian  college, 
i  docks  for  small  vessels,  and  an  active  export  trade  in  corn, 
!  butter,  timber,  bark,  slates,  <fcc.  The  Towy  is  navigable  to 
■the  town  for  vessels  of  200  tons'  burden.  In  conjunction 
i  with  Llanelly,  it  sends  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 
I  Carmarthen  Bay,  a  large  inlet  of  Bristol  Channel, 
(Wales,  between  St.  Goven's  Point,  co.  of  Pembroke,  and 
(Worms  Head,  co.  of  Glamorgan,  and  having  N.'  the  co. 
iof  Carmarthen.  It  receives  the  Taf  and  Towy  llivers. 
jCaldy  Island,  in  this  bay,  has  a  light-house,  210  feet  above 
ithe  sea,  in  lat.  51°  37'  56"  N.,  Ion.  4°  40'  57"  W. 
\  Carmaux,  kau'mO',  a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn,  11 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Alby,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Cerou. 
[Pop.  4361.  There  are  extensive  coal-mines  in  its  vicinity. 
I  Carmel,  kar'm§l,  a  famous  mountain  of  Palestine, 
!  forming  the  extremity  of  a  range  of  hills  which  extend 
I  N.W.  from  the  plain  of  Esdraelon,  rounding  the  Bay  of 
j  Acre  on  its  S.  side,  and  terminating  in  a  steep  promontory 
I  in  the  Mediterranean.  Elevation,  about  1500  feet;  lat.  32° 
'61'  10"  N.;  Ion.  34°  57'  42"  E.  It  is  mentioned  in  Scrip- 
ture as  the  place  where  Elijah  destroyed  the  prophets  of 
;  Baal.  The  rook  is  limestone,  containing  numerous  caverns, 
and  there  has  long  stood  a  convent  near  its  summit,  inhab- 
ited by  monks,  thence  called  Carmelites.  The  brook  Kishon 
;  enters  the  sea  near  the  N.  base  of  the  mountain.  On  the 
i  summit  of  Carmel  are  pines  and  oaks,  and  farther  down 
I  are  olives  and  laurels.  The  old  convent,  destroyed  by  the 
'Turks  in  1821,  has  been  rebuilt. 

i  Car'mel,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  Ind.,  15  miles 
I  N.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  a 
;  tile-factory. 

i  Carmel,  a  post-office  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas,  21  miles 
j  W.N.W.  of  Clay  Centre. 

j  Carmel,  a  post-village  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  in  Carmel 
;  township,  on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  14  miles  W.  of 
!  Bangor.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  &,e. 
i  Pop.  of  the  township,  1348. 

!  Carmel,  a  township  of  Eaton  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  1013, 
I  exclusive  of  Charlotte. 

I  Carmel,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Putnam  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Carmel  township,  55  miles  N.  of  New  York  City,  and  4  or  5 
;  miles  N.E.  of  Lake  Mahopac.  It  contains  a  court-house,  3 
j  churches,  a  national  bank,  the  Drew  Seminary  and  Female 
College,  and  2  superior  hotels.  Two  weekly  newspapers 
j  are  published  here.  Here  is  a  lake  called  Gleneida,  which 
j  has  an  area  of  170  acres.     Pop.  590  ;  of  the  township,  2801. 

Carmel,  a  post-otEce  of  Highland  co.,  0. 
I      Carmel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Tenn.,  10 
'■•  miles  from  Adams  Station.     It  has  a  church. 
j      Carmen,  kan'mSn  (Sp.  for  "garden"),  an  island  of 
]  Mexico,  in   the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  90  miles  S.W.  of  Cam- 
!  peachy,  at  the  entrance  of  Lake  Terminos. 
\      Carmen,  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  California,  imme- 
'  diately  opposite  Loreto,     It  contains  a  large  salt  lake,  with 
;  a  solid  crust  of  salt  several  feet  thick. 
j      Car'men,  a  township  of  Ireland,  in  Leinster,  co.  of 
Kildare,  6  miles  E.  of  Athy.     Here  are  druidical  remains. 


Carmen,  or  El  Carmen,  Si  kau'mSn,  or  Pata- 
goncs,  pS,-t3,-go'n5s,  also  called  Carmen  de  Pata- 
goncs,  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Kepublic,  on  the  Rio 
Negro,  18  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Atlantic,  and  500 
miles  S.W.  of  Buenos  Ayres.  Lat.  40°  36'  S. ;  Ion.  t):H°  18' 
W.  Pop.  2000.  It  exports  hides,  feathers,  skins,  beef,  salt, 
and  Patagonian  mantles. 

Carmen,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  department  of  Boni,  on 
the  Beni  River.     Lat.  11°  30'  S.,  Ion.  66°  27'  W. 

Carmen  de  las  Flores,  kau'mfin  di  lis  Qo'rSs,  or 
Flores,  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  province  and 
about  140  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Buenos  Ayres. 

Carmi,  kar'mi,  a  post-village,  capital  of  White  co..  111., 
109  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Belleville,  and  101  miles  N.E. 
of  Cairo.  It  has  10  churches,  a  bank,  3  flouring-mills,  2 
brick-yards,  a  tile-factory,  2  lumber-fiictories,  3  wagon- 
factories,  a  plough-factory,  and  a  large  stave- factory.  Two 
treekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop.  in  1890,  2785 ; 
of  the  township,  4361. 

Carmichael,  or  Carmichael's,  kar'ml-kelz,  a  post- 
borough  of  Greene  co.,  Pa.,  is  about  44  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg, 
and  2  miles  W.  of  the  Monongahela  River.  It  has  3  churches, 
3  hotels,  an  academy,  a  foundry,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  carriage- 
factory.     Coal  abounds  here.     Pop.  445. 

Carmichael, a  township  of  Marion  co.,  S.C.   Pop.  910. 
Carmignano,  kau-meen-y3,'no  (anc.  Carmi)iin'iium),sk 
town  of  Italy,  in  the  Val  d'Ombrone,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Florence.     Pop.  1906. 

Carmo,  the  ancient  name  of  Carmona. 
Carmoe,  or  Karmoe,  kaRm'o'Sh,  an  island  of  Nor- 
way, 20  miles  N.W.  of  Stavanger,  in  the  North  Sea,  at  the 
entrance  of  Bukke-Fiord.     Lat.  59°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  6°  15'  E. 
Length,  21  miles;  average  breadth,  5  miles.     Pop.  7000. 

Carmona,  kaR-mo'nd  (anc.  Car'mo),  a  city  of  Spain, 
18  miles  N.E.  of  Seville.  Pop.  20,074.  It  is  picturesquely 
situated  on  an  isolated  hill,  enclosed  by  old  Moorish  walls. 
Among  its  edifices  are  a  ruined  fortress,  a  church  with  a  re- 
markable tower,  the  college,  partly  of  Moorish  architecture, 
a  fine  Moorish  gateway,  and  the  Cordova  gate.  It  has  man- 
ufactures of  woollen  and  hempen  fabrics,  hats,  glue,  soap, 
and  leather,  and  an  annual  fair.  Near  it  are  oil-mills. 
Car  Morta,  in  the  Gulf  of  Bengal.  See  Camorta. 
Carnabat,  kar-nd-bdt',  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
70  miles  N.E.  of  Adrianople,  on  the  road  to  Shoomla,  and 
on  the  S.  slope  of  the  Balkan  Mountains.     Pop.  2000. 

Carnac,  kan'nik',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Morbihan,  on  the  ocean,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Lorient.  Pop. 
2864.  The  druidical  (or  ante-druidical)  monuments  in  its 
vicinity  consist  of  more  than  5000  granite  blocks  in  the 
form  of  obelisks,  resting  on  their  points,  and  disposed  in 
eleven  rows  parallel  with  the  coast. 

Carnadero,  kaR-n5,-dA'ro,  a  station  in  Santa  Clara 
CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  2  miles  S.  of 
Gilroy,  at  the  junction  of  the  Pajaro  Branch. 

Car'nahan,  a  hamlet  in  Brooklyn  township,  Lee  co., 
111.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Rock  River  Railroad,  45  miles  W.  of 
Aurora. 

Carnaprayaga,  kar-ni-prl-i'gi,  a  village  of  India, 
district  of  Gurhwal,  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Serinagur,  and  one 
of  the  principal  holy  places  of  Hindoo  pilgrimage. 

Carnarvon,  Caernarvon,  k?r-nar'von,  or  Car- 
narvonshire, k§r-nar'v9n-shir,  a  county  of  Wales,  form- 
ing the  northwesternmost  angle  of  the  mainland.  Area, 
577  square  miles,  two-thirds  of  which  is  unfit  for  cultiva- 
tion. Surface  altogether  mountainous,  and  traversed  by 
some  of  the  loftiest  ranges  in  Britain.  (See  Snowuox  and 
Penmaen-Mawr.)  Principal  river,  the  Conway.  Oats  and 
barley  are  raised  in  the  valleys,  but  the  chief  branch  of  rural 
industry  is  the  rearing  of  cattle,  sheep,  and  ponies.  Mining 
is  the  leading  industry.  Principal  mineral  products,  cop- 
per, lead,  slate,  and  coal.  Principal  towns,  Carnarvon, 
Bangor,  and  Pwllheli ;  exclusive  of  which  it  sends  one  mem 
ber  to  the  House  of  Commons.     Pop.  in  1891,  118,225. 

Carnarvon,  or  Caernarvon  (anc.  Segon'tUm),  a 
town  of  Wales,  capital  of  the  above,  on  the  E.  side  of  Menai 
Strait,  at  a  railway  junction,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Bangor.  It  is 
a  walled  town,  outside  of  which  are  suburbs  of  double  its 
extent,  many  handsome  villas,  a  bathing  establishment,  and 
a  fine  terrace-walk  along  the  strait.  At  the  W.  end  of  the 
town  is  the  magnificent  castle  built  by  Edward  I.  The 
harbor  admits  vessels  of  400  tons'  burden.  Principal  ex- 
ports, slate  and  coal.     Pop.  9449. 

Carnarvon,  a  post-village  in  Peterborough  oo.,  On- 
tario, 41  miles  from  Bobcaygoon.     Pop.  100. 

Carnarvon  Bay  is  that  portion  of  St.  George's  Chan- 
nel which  washes  the  W.  coasts  of  the  Welsh  counties  of 
Carnarvon  and  Anglesea.     Breadth  of  nntrance,  between. 


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Holyhead  and  Braio-y-PwII,  85  miles.  It  communicates 
with  Beaumftrii  Bay  by  Menai  Strait. 

Cat  nat'iCf  one  of  the  old  subdivisions  of  India,  extend- 
ing along  its  £.  coast,  between  lat.  8°  and  16°  N.  and  Ion.  77° 
and  81°  £.,  constituting  formerly  tbe  dominions  of  the 
nabobs  of  Aroot,  and  now  forming  districts  under  the  British 
presidency  of  Madras.  Bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Bay  of 
liongal,  having  a  coast-line  of  560  miles;  greatest  breadth, 
110  miles.  The  country  was  regarded  as  forming  three  di- 
visions,— the  Northern,  Central,  and  Southern  Carnatic. 
The  climate  is  the  hottest  in  India.  Few  provinces  of 
India  can  exhibit  so  many  large  temples,  and  other  evi- 
dences of  former  wealth  and  civilization,  as  the  Carnatic. 
Its  fortresses  were  also  exceedingly  numerous,  but  these  are 
now  falling  rapidly  into  decay.  The  Carnatic  was  con- 
quered by  the  British  in  1783,  but  was  not  finally  ceded  to 
tbem  till  ISOl. 

Canidonagh,  karn-don'an,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Donegal,  16  miles  N.  of  Londonderry.     Pop.  737. 

CarneroS)  kar-n&'roco,  a  hamlet  of  Napa  oo.,  Gal.,  4 
miles  from  Napa  Railroad  Station. 

Carnesvil  ie^  kamz'vll,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Frank- 
lin CO.,  Ua.,  about  90  miles  E.N.E.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  a 
court-house,  a  jail,  2  churches^  a  high  school,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  266, 

Carnet,  kaR^ni',  a  village  of  Franco,  department  of 
Manche,  15  miles  S.  of  Avranches.     Pop.  998. 

Car'new,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Wicklow,  7  miles  W. 
of  Qorey.     Pop.  801. 

Car'ney,  a  station  in  Unity  township,  AVcstmoreland 
CO.,  Pa.,  oTi  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of 
Greonsburg. 

Carney,  a  post-village  of  Wyoming  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Susquehanna  River,  at  Mehoopany  Station  of  the  New 
York  A  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  12  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of 
Tunkhannock.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Carngham,  karn'gam,  a  mining  town  of  Grenville  co., 
Victoria,  Australia,  on  Baillio's  Creek,  15  miles  W.  of  Bal- 
larat.     Pop.  1693. 

Car'ni,  an  ancient  Celtic  people  of  Carniola  and  Ca- 
rinthia. 

Car'nic  Alps  (anc.  Al'pes  Gar'nica),  one  of  the  smaller 
divisions  of  the  Alps,  extending  along  the  N.E.  border  of 
Italy  into  Carniola. 

Carnicobar',  the  northernmost  of  the  Nicobar  Islands, 
in  the  Bay  of  Bengal.  Lat.  9°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  92°  48'  E.  It 
is  about  40  miles  in  circumference,  low,  densely  wooded, 
and  very  productive,  but  unhealthy. 

Carnieres,  kaR^ne-ain',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
of  Ilainaut,  10  miles  W.  of  Charleroi.  Pop.  3420.  It  has 
extensive  coal-mines,  iron-foundries,  and  manufactures  of 
nails,  employing  300  workmen. 

Car'nifex  Ferry,  a  locality  in  Nicholas  co.,  AV.  Va.,  on 
Gauley  River,  8  miles  S.  of  Nicholas  Court-IIouse.  Here 
occurred  a  sharp  action,  September  10,  1861,  between  the 
Union  forces  under  Gen.  Rosecrans  and  the  Confederates 
under  Gen.  J.  B.  Floyd. 

Catnio'la  (Ger.  Kratn,  krin),  a  crown-land  and  duchy 
of  Austria- Hungary,  in  Cisleithania,  enclosed  by  Styria, 
Croatia,  Triest,  Goritz,  Istria,  and  Carinthia.  Area,  3857 
square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by  spurs  of  the  Alps,  and 
abounds  in  caverns.  The  quicksilver-mines  of  Idria  are  in 
this  province,  which  also  produces  wine,  timber,  maize,  and 
millet.  The  people  are  chiefly  of  Slavic  nationalities. 
Capital,  Laybach.  Pop.  in  1876,  469,996;  in  1890,  498,958. 
Adj.  Carnio'lan,  or  Car'nic. 

Carnoul,  or  Carnoul.    See  Kurnool. 

Carnoustie,  kar-noo'steo,  a  maritime  village  of  Scot- 
land, CO.  of  Forfar,  6i  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Arbroath. 
Pop.  3012. 

Carn'sore  Point,  the  S.E.  extremity  of  the  Irish 
mainland,  in  Leinster,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Wexford.  It  was 
the  Hieron  of  Ptolemy. 

Carns'ville,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Tenn. 

Caro,  ki'ro,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich., 
on  Cass  River,  and  on  the  Caro  Branch  of  the  Detroit  A 
Bay  City  Railroad,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Vassar,  and  about  30 
miles  E.  of  East  Saginaw.  It  has  5  churches,  3  banks,  a 
graded  high  school,  a  money-order  post-office,  a  city  hall, 
a  brick  court-house,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  foundry,  2  saw- 
mills. 2  flour-mills,  and  a  planing-raill.     Pop.  about  2500. 

Caroburgus,  a  Latin  name  of  Cherbourq. 

Caroctie,  k&-ro'chi.  a  town  of  Venezuela,  state  and  20 
miles  N.N.B.  of  Trujillo. 

Caro'ga,  a  township  of  Fulton  oo.,  N.Y.,  in  the  Great 
North  Woods.  It  has  several  fine  lakes,  and  manufactures 
•f  leather  and  lumber.    Pop.  884. 


Caroga,  a  hamlet  of  Fulton  oo.,  N.Y.,  7i  miles  froit 
GloversvlUe.     It  has  a  church,  a  tiinncry,  and  snw-inillfi. 

Carolina,  k&r-o-li'na,  a  colonial  settlement  in  North 
America,  made  by  the  English  about  the  middle  of  tho 
seventeenth  century.  North  and  South  Carolina  <iiii;i- 
nally  constituted  but  one  colony ;  they  were,  however,  (li\  i.icil 
in  1729,  and  since  the  Revolution  have  formed  two  Bc|Jiiraio 
states.  See  North  Carouna  and  South  Carolina.—— 
Inhab.  Carolinian,  k&r^o-lin'e-an. 

Carolina,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  R.I.,  on  th« 
Usquapaug  or  Beaver  River,  and  I  mile  from  Carolina  Stt> 
tion  on  the  Stonington  A  Providence  Railroad,  which  is  SS 
miles  from  Providence.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school, 
and  a  manufactory  of  cassimeres.     Pop.  400. 

Carolina,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  oo.,  S.C,  about  30 
miles  N.  of  Marion. 

Carolina,  a  post-hamlet  of  Haywood  co.,  Tenn.,  aboat 
36  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Jackson.     It  has  2  churches. 

Carolina,  in  Spnin,  Ac.    See  La  Carolina.  \ 

Carolinas,  the  Spanish  for  Carplink  Islands.  '^ 

Car'oline,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Maryland,  hor- 
dering  on  Delaware,  has  an  area  of  about  300  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  Choptank  River,  and  is  partly  drained 
by  Tuokahoe  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level;  tho  soil 
is  mostly  sandy.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  oats  are  the 
staple  products.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Maryland  A  Dela- 
ware Railroad.  Capital,  Denton.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,101; 
in  1880,  13,766;  in  1890,  13,903. 

Caroline,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  the  Rappahannock  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by 
the  North  Anna,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Mattapony  River. 
Tho  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  extensively  covered 
with  forests.  Indian  corn,  tobacco,  and  wheat  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Richmond,  Fred- 
ericksburg A  Potomac  Railroad.  Capital,  Bowling  Green, 
Pop.  in  1870,  15,128;  in  1880,  17,243;  in  1890,  16,681. 

Caroline,  a  post-hamlet  of  Le  Sueur  co.,  Minn.,  about 
3  miles  S.  of  Kasota. 

Caroline,  a  post-township  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y.,  12 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Ithaca.  Its  surface  is  hilly,  and  presents 
beautiful  scenery.  It  is  intersected  by  the  railroad  which 
connects  Ithaca  with  Oswego,  and  contains  Caroline  Centre, 
Mott's  Corners,  and  Speodsville.     Pop.  2129. 

Caroline,  a  hamlet  of  Seneca  co.,  0.,  in  Venice  town- 
ship, 1  mile  from  Attica.     Pop.  about  100. 

Caroline,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shawano  co.,  Wis.,  about 
14  miles  (direct)  S.W.  of  Shawano.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Caroline  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tompkins  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Caroline  township,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Ithaca. 

Caroline  Depot,  a  post-office  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y., 
on  tho  Cayuga  A  Susquehanna  Railroad,  21  miles  from 
Owego,  and  12  miles  S.E.  of  Ithaca. 

Car'oline  Island,  one  of  the  Marquesas  group,  in  the 
Pacific.     Lat.  9°  57'  S. ;  Ion.  150°  25'  W. 

Car'oline  Islands,  or  New  Philippines  (Sn. 
Carolina!,  k4-ro-lee'nis,  or  Nuevas  Fillpinan,  noo-i'vis 
fe-le-pee'nis),  a  great  archipelago  of  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
claimed  by  Spain,  but  practically  independent.  They  are 
regarded  as  including  the  Pelew  Islands  in  the  W.  and  the 
Mulgrave  Archipelago  in  the  extreme  E. ;  but  tho  Carolines  '■ 
proper  lie  between  these  extremes,  and  contain  hundreds  of 
small  islands,  arranged  in  48  recognized  groups.  In  its 
widest  sense  the  name  Caroline  Islands  is  nearly  synony- 
mous with  Micronesia. 

Carolinensyhl,  k5.-ro-lee'n?n-zeel,  a  village  of  Ger- 
many, in  Hanover,  on  the  North  Sea,  34  miles  N.E.  of 
Emden.     Pop.  988. 

Caromb,  ki'r6N»',  a  town  of  France,  Vaucluse,  4  miles 
N.E.  of  Carpentras.     Pop.  2508. 

Carondelet,  ka-ron'd?-la(Fr.pron.  ki^R6N»*d(jh-li'),a 
former  village  of  St.  Louis  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Mississippi 
River,  below  St.  Louis.  In  1860  it  was  merged  in  the  1st 
ward  of  that  city,  and  it  is  now  called  South  St.  Louis. 
Carondelet  is  the  name  of  a  station  on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron 
Mountain  A  Southern  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  St.  Louis.  It 
is  the  terminus  of  the  Carondelet  Branch  of  the  Missouri 
Pacific  Railroad.  Carondelet  is  also  the  name  of  a  town- 
ship in  St.  Louis  co.     Pop.  6387. 

Caro'nia  (anc.  Calac'te,  or  Calac'ta),  a  town  of  Sicily, 
on  the  N.  coast,  22  miles  E.  of  Cefalu.     Pop.  3893. 

Carony,  or  Caroni,  ki-ro-nee',  a  river  of  Venezuela, 
rises  in  the  Sierra  Pacaraima,  and,  after  a  northward  course 
of  400  miles,  joins  the  Orinoco  85  miles  E.  of  Angostura. 
Its  rapidity  and  cataracts  render  it  innavigable. 

Car'oor',  a  town  of  British  India,  district  and  100  milca 
by  rail  E.  of  Coimbatoor,  on  the  Cavery  River.     Pop.  9380. 


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805 


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Carora,  ki-ro'riV,  or  Caroro,  ki-ro'ro,  a  town  of 
Venezuela,  state  of  Barquesimcto,  100  miles  S.W.  of  Coro, 
and  60  miles  E.  of  Lake  Maracaybo,  on  the  Tocuyo,  Lat. 
10°  13'  N.;  Ion.  70°  26'  W.  It  is  tolerably  well  built,  and 
contains  a  handsome  parish  church,  a  Franciscan  convent, 
and  a  hermitage.     Pop.  5000. 

Carotto,  ki-rot'to,  a  village  of  Italy,  bi  miles  S.W.  of 
Castcl-a-Marc,  on  the  Bay  of  Naples,  with  a  school  of  navi- 
gation.    Pop.  4870. 

Carouge,  k.Vroozh',  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
r]  J  miles  S.  of  Geneva,  on  the  Arve.  Pop.  5870.  It  is  finely 
situated,  and  surrounded  by  elegant  villas.  It  has  manu- 
Ifactures  of  thread,  watches,  clay  pipes,  and  leather. 

Carovigno,  kA-ro-veen'yo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Lecce, 
19  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Brindisi.     Pop.,  with  commune,  4790. 

Carovilli,  ki-ro-vil'lee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Campobasso,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Isernia.     Pop.  3090. 

Carp,  a  station  in  Marquette  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  railroad 
from  Marquette  to  Ishperaing,  11  miles  W.  of  Marquette. 

Carp,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  co.,  Ontario,  22  miles 
S.W.  of  Ottawa.     Pop.  150. 

Carpane,  kan-pd'ni,  or  Carpaiiedo,  kaR-p3,-ni'do, 
a  village  of  Italy,  in  Venctia,  23  miles  N.N.E.  of  Vicenza. 

Carpaneto,  kaii-pi-ni'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  13  miles  S.E.  of  Piacenza.  It  contains  a  medical  and 
two  elementary  schools.  Good  grain  and  wine  of  a  very 
fine  quality  are  produced  here.     Pop.  5308. 

Carpathian  or  Karpathian  (kaii-pa.'the-an)  Moun- 
tains (Ger.  Karpalheii,  kaR-pi'ten ;  anc.  Gar'patea),  a 
range  of  mountains  of  Europe,  chiefly  in  Austria-Hungary, 
which,  commencing  at  New  Orsova,  on  the  Servian  frontier, 
where  the  bed  of  the  Danube  is  all  that  separates  it  from 
Mount  Hsemus,  proceeds  first  N.E.,  and  then  E.  to  the 
frontiers  of  Ptoumania,  where  it  turns,  first  to  the  N.AV., 
then  W.,  and  finally  S.W.,  as  far  as  Presburg,  enclosing  the 
plains  of  Hungary,  and  forming  a  semicircular  belt  nearly 
800  miles  long  by  250  miles  broad.  The  Carpathian  chain 
may  be  divided  into  two  great  sections,  the  East  and  the 
"West  Carpathians ;  the  former  curving  from  the  mouth  of 
the  Nera,  which  falls  into  the  Danube  41  miles  E.  of  Bel- 
grade, to  the  source  of  the  Theiss,  and  forming  the  boundary 
between  Austria-Hungary  and  Roumania;  the  latter  pro- 
ceeding from  the  sources  of  the  Theiss  and  the  Pruth  and  ter- 
minating on  the  banks  of  the  Danube  W.  of  Presburg,  and 
forming  the  boundary  between  Hungary  and  Galicia.  The 
greatest  heights  of  the  East  Carpathians  are — Ruska  Po- 
yana,  9909  feet ;  Garluvipi,  9587  feet ;  Buthest,  in  Tran- 
sylvania, near  Kronstadt,  8695  feet;  Rctirzath,  8502  feet; 
and  Lentschitz,  8456  feet.  The  greatest  heights  of  the  West 
Carpathians  are  in  the  Tatra  Range,  namely,  the  Kriwan, 
6029  feet;  the  Viszoka,  8312  feet;  the  Csabi,  same  height; 
and  in  the  mountains  of  Lomnitz,  the  Eisthalcrspitze,  8621 
feet;  the  Griineseespitze,  8203  feet;  the  Hundsdorferspitze, 
8318  feet;  and  the  peaks  of  Lomnitz,  8462  feet. 

The  outer  bend  of  the  Carpathians  is  much  steeper  than 
that  which  descends  towards  the  valleys  of  Transylvania 
and  Hungary.  The  mountain-branch  which,  stretching 
N.W.,  separates  the  basin  of  the  Dniester  from  that  of  the 
Saane,  also  forms  the  line  of  separation  between  the  basin 
of  the  Baltic  and  that  of  the  Black  Sea.  The  only  impor- 
tant rivers  which  actually  rise  in  the  chain  are  the  Vistula, 
the  Dniester,  and  the  Theiss. 

Basalt  frequently  occurs,  but  no  distinct  traces  of  volca- 
noes have  been  found.  The  Carpathian  Range  is  rich  in 
minerals,  including  gold,  silver,  quicksilver,  copper,  and 
iron.  Salt  occurs  in  beds,  which  have  sometimes  a  thick- 
ness of  600  or  700  feet  and  are  apparently  inexhaustible. 
Vegetation  also  is  vigorous.  On  the  plateaus  fruit  is  grown 
at  the  height  of  1500  feet.  Higher  up,  the  mountain-steeps 
are  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  some  of  them  at  as  great 
a  height  as  5500  feet.  The  limit  of  vegetation  seems  to  be 
about  6000  feet.  Above  this  a  few  lichens  may  be  found, 
but  in  general  nothing  is  seen  but  bare  steep  rocks. 

Carpathus,  or  Carpathos.    See  Scakpasto. 

Carpenedolo,  kau-pd-ni-do'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  pror- 
inoe  and  21  miles  S.E.  of  Brescia,  near  the  Chiese.  It  con- 
tains 4  churches  and  2  hospitals,  and  has  manufactures  of 
silk.     Pop.  5263. 

Carpentaria,  Gulf  of.    See  Gulf  of  Carpentaria. 

Car'penter,  a  station  in  Jackson  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Nashville  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Bridge- 
port, and  26  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Chattanooga,  Tenn. 

Carpenter,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  111.,  on  the 
AVabash  Railroad,  20  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  grain-elevator. 

Carpenter,  a  township  of  Jasper  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  lOSl. 
It  contains  Remington. 


Carpenter,  a  post-village  of  Mitchell  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
railroad  between  Mason  City  and  Austin,  Minn.,  19  miles 
S.  of  Austin.     Pop.  about  175. 

Carpenter,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Northern  Central  Railroad,  34  miles  N.  of  Williamsport. 
It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Carpenter,  a  station  in  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  of  Grcensburg. 

Carpenteria,  kar-pen-ta-ree'S,  (Sp.  Carpinterla,  kaR- 
pinHA,-ree'i),  a  post-village  of  Santa  Barbara  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  9  miles  E.  of  Santa  Barbara.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Car'penter's,  a  station  on  the  Mobile  <t  Montgomery 
Railroad,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Mobile,  Ala. 

Carpenter's,  a  station  in  Richland  parish,  La.,  on 
the  Vicksburg  &  Shrevcport  Railroad,  40  miles  W.  of  the 
Mississippi  River. 

Carpenter's,  a  station  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Detroit  &  Bay  City  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Lapeer.  It 
has  a  lumber-mill. 

Carpenter's  Eddy,  a  post-office  of  Delaware  co., 
N.Y.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Delaware  River. 

Carpenter's  Landing,  New  Jersey,  is  now  called 
Mantua. 

Carpenter's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  N.C. 

Carpenter's  Point,  a  village  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Deer  Park  township,  on  the  Neversink  River,  1  mile  from 
Port  Jervis  Station.  It  is  on  the  boundary  of  three  states, 
— New  Jersey,  New  York,  and  Pennsylvania.     Pop.  250. 

Carpenter's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Clinton  co..  Mo. 

Car'pentersville,  a  post-vilLige  of  Kane  co..  111.,  on 
Fox  River,  in  Dundee  township,  on  the  Chicago  &  North- 
western Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Elgin,  1  mile  N.  of  Dundee, 
and  44  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  a  bank,  and  im- 
portant manufactures  of  woollen  goods,  iron,  <fcc.  The  river 
is  spanned  by  a  fine  iron  bridge.     Pop.  500. 

Carpcntersviile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind., 
in  Franklin  township,  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  & 
Chicago  Railroad,  18  miles  S.  of  Crawfordsville.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Car'pentersville,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  N.J., 
in  Greenwich  township,  on  the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the 
Belvidere  Delaware  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Easton.  It  has 
a  fiour-mill,  2  saw-mills,  and  10  lime-kilns. 

Carpcntras,  kau^pfiiV'triss'  (anc.  Carpentorac'te),  a 
city  of  France,  department  of  Vaucluse,  16  miles  by  rail 
N.E.  of  Avignon,  on  the  Auzon,  in  a  fertile  district  at  the 
foot  of  Mont  Ventoux.  It  is  surrounded  by  walls,  flanked 
with  towers,  and  has  four  gates.  Most  of  the  houses  are 
well  built,  and  supplied  with  water  from  the  fountains  in 
the  public  squares.  Outside  of  the  walls  is  a  broad  espla- 
nade, planted  with  trees.  The  principal  public  buildings 
are  the  cathedral,  a  Gothic  edifice;  a  museum;  the  Porte 
d'Oranrfe;  the  palace  of  justice;  a  Roman  triumphal  arch: 
the  hospital,  erected  in  1751;  theatre;  prisons;  and  a 
public  library,  containing  25,000  volumes,  2000  MSS.,  6000 
medals,  and  various  antiquities.  The  aqueduct,  a  massive 
structure,  which  crosses  the  valley  of  the  Auzon  by  48 
arches,  and  supplies  the  town,  was  finished  in  1734.  Car- 
pcntras is  the  seat  of  a  communal  college.  There  are 
brandy-  and  essence-distilleries,  manufactories  of  sulphuric 
acid,  glue,  verdigris,  cotton  and  silk  yarn,  madder-mills, 
tanneries,  and  dye-works.  A  trade  is  carried  on  in  oil, 
fruit,  almonds,  madder,  wax,  honey,  <fec.     Pop.  10,848. 

The  Romans  embellished  Carpcntras  with  many  edifices, 
of  which  the  ravages  of  the  Goths,  Vandals,  and  Saracens 
have  left  few  traces.  In  1313,  Pope  Clement  V.  fixed  his 
residence  here  and  made  it  the  seat  of  the  Pontifical  See. 
The  present  walls  were  built  by  Pope  Innocent  VI.,  fifty 
years  after  that  event. 

Carpetani  Montes.    See  Sierra  de  Guadalupe. 

Carpi,  kaR'peo,  a  town  of  Italy,  9  miles  by  rail  N.N.AV. 
of  Modena.  It  has  a  citadel,  a  majestic  cathedral,  a  bishop's 
palace,  and  manufactures  of  silk.     Pop.  17,724. 

Carpi,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  28  miles  S.E.  of  Ve- 
rona, on  the  Adige,  with  a  citadel.  Here,  in  1701,  the 
French  were  defeated  by  the  troops  under  Prince  Eugene. 

Carpignano,  kan-peen-yi'no,  a  village  of  Italj',  prov- 
ince and  12  miles  N.W.  of  Novara,  on  the  Sesia.     P.  2199. 

Carpignano,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Lecce,  8 
miles  N.E.  of  Otranto.     Pop.  1428. 

Carpineti,  kan-pe-ni'tee,  a  town  of  Italy,  23  miles 
S.W.  of  Modena.     Pop.  4519. 

Carpineto,  kaR-pe-ni'to,  the  name  of  several  villages 
in  Central  Italy. 

Carpino,  kaR-pee'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Foggia,  on  Mount  Gargano,  22  miles  N.E.  of  San  Se?ero. 


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Pop.  6218.    Oarpino  is  also  tho  name  of  a  mountAtn  in 
Calabria,  W.  of  Co«enza,  and  of  on  affluent  of  the  Tiber. 

Carpinone,  lcaR-poo-no'n&,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  1«  milM  W.  of  Campobasso.     Pop.  6308. 

Carpio,  kan'ne-o,  a  town  of  Spain,  15  miles  E.N.B.  of 
Cordova,  on  the  Guatialquivir.     Pop.  2690. 

Carp  Lake,  a  township  of  Ontonagon  oo.,  Mich.,  in 
the  copper  region.     Pop.  76. 

Carqiiefoa,  kankToo',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Loire- Inf^rieure,  6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Nantes.     Pop.  2897. 

Carquinez,  kar-kee'n^s,  a  strait  of  California,  is  be- 
tween the  counties  of  Contra  Costa  and  Solano.  It  con- 
nects San  Pablo  Day  with  Suisun  Bay,  and  is  about  8  miles 
long.  Tho  narrowest  part  of  it  is  nearly  1  mile  wide. 
Large  sea-going  vessels  oan  pass  from  San  Fninoisco 
through  this  strait  as  far  as  Benicia,  which  is  near  tho  K. 
end.  All  the  water  flowing  from  the  great  central  valley  of 
the  state  from  the  Sierra  Nevada  passes  through  this  strait. 

Carr,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Weld  co.,  Colorado,  on 
the  Denver  Pacific  Railroad,  20  miles  south  of  Cheyenne. 

Carra*  k&r'ra,  a  barony  in  Ireland,  co.  of  Mayo.  On 
its  N.  boundary  are  Loughs  Cullen  and  Con;  on  its  S., 
Loughs  Carnv  and  Mask.    Pop.  28,611.    See  LonoH  Carra. 

Carrabelle,  a  post-town  of  Franklin  co.,  Fla.,  on  St. 
James  Island,  about  25  miles  E.  of  Apalaohicola.  It  has 
3  church  organizations  and  2  public  schools  (white  and 
colored).     Pop.  about  500. 

Carrse,  or  Charrae.    See  Harran. 

Carranca,  kaR-RJ!ln'k&,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  of 
Minas-Geraes,  between  Baependi  and  Sao  JoXo  del  Rei. 

Car'ran-tu'al,  Carn-tu'al,  Ghar'ran-tu'el,  or 
Cairii'toul',  the  highest  mountiiin  of  Ireland,  in  Mun- 
ster,  CO.  of  Kerry,  in  the  MacGilHcuddy  Reeks,  6  miles 
6.W.  of  Killarney.    Elevation,  3414  feet. 

CarVar',  a  considerable  town  of  India,  in  Deccan,  30 
miles  S.E.  of  Sattarah,  86  miles  S.S.E.  of  Poona,  with  two 
elegant  pagodsvs  and  a  small  fort. 

Cairara,  kan-ni'ri  (anc.  Cara'n'a),  a  city  of  Italy,  59 
miles  S.W.  of  Modena.  Pop.,  with  suburbs,  23,827.  It 
has  a  college,  many  studios  of  artists,  an  academy  of  fine 
arts,  and  an  active  industry  in  the  preparation  of  marble. 
Chief  edifices,  collegiate  church,  church  of  Madonna  dello 
Grazie,  and  palace.  The  streets  are  ornamented  with  ele- 
giint  fountains.  At  Monte  Sagro,  in  its  environs,  are  quar- 
ries which  since  the  time  of  tho  Romans  have  furnished 
valuable  statuary  marble.  The  principal  quarries,  those 
of  Torano,  employ  upwards  of  1200  men.  The  port  is  at 
Avenza,  3  miles  distant  by  rail. 

Carratraca  (karVa-tri'ka)  Springs,  a  village  in 
Prescott  CO.,  Ontario,  40  miles  E.  of  Ottawa,  and  5  miles  S. 
of  Brown's  wharf,  on  the  river  Ottawa.  It  has  springs 
whose  waters  are  noted  for  their  medicinal  qualities. 

Carratnnk,  Maine.    See  Carritunk. 

Carr  Creek,  township,  Mitchell  co.,  Kansas.   Pop.  274. 

Carrea  Potentia,  the  ancient  name  of  Chieri. 

Carreira  (kaR-Ri'e-rl)  Islands,  a  small  island  group 
of  Spain,  oft"  the  coast  of  Galicia,  province  of  Corunna,  22 
miles  N.W.  of  Vigo. 

CarretAo,  kaR-Rj-tCwN"',  a  town  of  Brazil,  120  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Goyaz.  The  inhabitants  are  chiefly  devoted  to 
mining. 

Carriacou,  kar're-i-koo',  the  largest  of  the  Grenadine 
Islands  (British  West  Indies),  20  miles  N.E.  of  Grenada. 
Length,  7  miles;  breadth,  from  2  to  4  miles.  It  is  well  cul- 
tivate<l ;  chief  crop,  cotton.  On  its  W.  side  is  Hillsborough 
town  and  harbor,  lat.  12°  27'  N.,  Ion.  01°  30'  W.     P.  2850. 

Carribbean  Sea,  in  the  Atlantic.  See  Carikbean  Sea. 

Carrical,  or  Karikal,  kar-re-kil',  a  town  of  India, 
belonging  to  France,  on  the  coast  of  Coromandel,  152  miles 
S.  of  Madras.  Lat.  10°  55'  N. ;  Ion.  79°  53'  E.  It  is  at 
the  mouth  of  a  delta-arm  of  the  Cavery,  and  has  cotton- 
manufactures,  ship-yards,  a  college  and  a  seminary,  and  a 
large  trade  in  rice.  Pop.,  including  the  whole  colony  (area, 
60  square  miles),  92,445.     The  town  itself  is  now  small. 

Car'rick,  a  division  of  Ayrshire.    See  Avrshire. 

Car'rick,  a  post-town  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  i  mile 
from  Castle  Shannon  Railroad,  and  about  5  miles  S.  of  Pitts- 
burg.    It  has  4  churches  and  a  glass-factory.     Pop.  200. 

Carrickaquicy,  Ireland.    See  Carrig-o-Gun.vel. 

Carrick-a-Rede,k4r'rik-a-reed',  an  insulated  basal- 
tic rock,  in  co.  Antrim,  Ireland,  4i  miles  N.W.  of  Ballycas- 
•  tic,  separated  from  the  mainland  by  a  chasm  60  feet  wide. 

Car^rickbeg',  formerly  Car^rickmacgrirfin,  a 
town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  14  miles  N.W.  of  Waterford,  on  the 
Buir,  here  crossed  by  a  bridge  which  connects  it  with  Car- 
Tick-on-Suir.  Here  is  a  curious  old  ruined  abbey.  Pop.  2108. 

Car*rickfer'gU8,  a  town  of  Ireland,  within  the  co.  of 


Antrim,  but  forming,  with  its  environs,  a  county  of  ilself, 
on  Belfast  Lough,  9  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  BclfaHt.  Thii 
parish  church,  containing  noble  monuments,  including  thojo 
of  the  Chichester  family,  once  communicated  by  a  still  ex- 
isting subterraneous  passage  with  the  castle  of  Joyniount. 
Carrickfcrgus  Castle,  erected  in  1128,  still  maintained  iis  nn 
arsenal  and  mounting  some  cannon,  is  on  a  rock  projcctin- 
into  the  lough.  Other  principal  edifices  are  a  jail,  court- 
house, branch  bank,  and  several  schools  and  charitiible  es- 
tablishments. Vessels  of  100  tons  can  unload  at  the  jiicr 
but  the  trade  is  not  flourishing.  Near  the  town  arc  fla\ 
mills,  bleach-works,  distilleries,  and  a  large  bed  of  rock  sali 
The  castle  stands  on  a  rock  about  30  feet  high.  Its  koi  ■ 
is  90  feet  high.  The  borough  sends  one  member  to  tl 
House  of  Commons.  Area  of  county,  207  square  miles. 
It  has  groat  fisheries.  The  people  are  mostly  Protestants. 
Pop.  of  town,  4212;  of  county,  or  borough,  9367. 

Carrick  Furnace,  Franklin  co.,  Pa.    See  Metal. 

Carrickmnc;;riliin,  Ireland.    See  Carrickbeo. 

Car^rickmacross'  (or  Magh'eross'),  a  town  of  Ire- 
land,  CO.  of  Monaghan,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Dundalk.  Here  are 
ruins  of  a  castle  built  by  the  Earl  of  Essex ;  also  a  savings- 
bank,  bridewell,  and  some  manufactories.     Pop.  2063. 

Car^rick-on-Shan'non,  a  town  of  Ireland,  capital 
of  the  CO.  of  Leitrim,  on  the  Shannon,  across  which  it  com- 
municates with  a  suburb  in  the  co.  of  Roscommon  by  a 
bridge,  19  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Longford.  It  hag  a 
court-house,  barracks,  and  somo  trade  by  river,  rail,  and 
canal.     Pop.  1587. 

Car'rick-on-Sair  (shure),  a  town  of  Ireland,  oo. 
of  Tipperary,  on  the  Suir  (here  crossed  by  a  bridge  to 
Carrickbeg),  13  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Clonmel.  It  was  for- 
merly enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  a  parish  church  of  high 
antiquity,  a  Catholic  chapel,  a  nunnery  (with  a  large  school), 
a  monastery,  a  castle,  a  prison,  hospital,  and  manufactures 
of  woollens  and  linens.  Vessels  of  considerable  burden  ap- 
proach the  town,  which  has  an  export  trade  in  corn,  slates, 
Ac.     Pop.  6563. 

Car'rick's  Ford,  a  crossing  of  the  Cheat  River,  near 
St.  George,  Tucker  co.,  W.  Va.  Here  Gen.  R.  B.  Garnctt  was 
defeated  and  killed  by  the  Federal  troops,  July  13,  l!<61. 

Car'rier,  a  station  in  Jefferson  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Low 
Grade  division  of  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  13  miles 
E.  of  Brookville. 

Car'rier's  Alills,  a  post-village  of  Saline  co.,  III.,  7 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Harrisburg,  and  63  miles  N.E.  of 
Cairo.     It  has  3  churches,  a  grist-mill,  <to.     Pop.  300. 

Car^rigaholt',  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Clare,  on  the 
estuary  of  the  Shannon,  10  miles  W.  of  Kilrush.  It  has 
a  pier  which  is  frequented  by  fishing-craft.  Here  are  the 
ruins  of  an  ancient  castle.     Pop.  430. 

Carrigain,  Mt.    See  Mouxt  Carrigain. 

Car'rigaline',  or  Bea'ver,  a  village  and  parish  of 
Ireland,  co.  and  8  miles  S.E.  of  Cork,  on  Cork  harbor,  with 
marble-  and  slate-quarries.  The  village  is  now  unimportant. 
Pop.  of  parish,  4683, 

Car'rig-o-Gun'nel,  or  Car'rickaqui'cy,  a  vil- 
lage of  Ireland,  co.  and  5  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Limerick, 

Carrigtohill,  kirVig-toH'hil,  almost  kir'rig-toil',  a 
village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Cork,  3  miles  W.  of  Middleton. 
It  has  an  ancient  church,  and  in  the  parish  are  subterra- 
neous chambers  within  circular  intrenchmcnts  called  Danish 
camps.     Pop.  700. 

Carrigufoyle,  k4rVe-ga-foil',  a  small  island  of  Ireland. 
CO.  of  Kerry,  in  the  estuary  of  the  Shannon,  2  miles  N,  of 
Ballylongford,  with  a  castle, 

Carril,  kaR-Rcel',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Galieia,  10  mile* 
N.W,  of  Pontevedra,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Ulla.    P.  1046. 

Carrillon,  Canada.    See  Carillon. 

Car'rington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Callaway  co.,  Mo.,  on 
the  Louisiana  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  18  miles  N.  of 
Jefferson  City.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  100. 

Carrington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Foster  co.,  N.D,. 
44  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Jamestown.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  300. 

Carrion  de  Calatrava,  kaR-Rc-on'  di  k4-lS.-tri'v4, 
a  town  of  Spain,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Ciudad  Real.    Pop.  3120. 

Carrion  de  los  Cespedes,  kaR-Rc-on'di  loce  thes- 
pi'nis,  a  town  of  Spain,  14  miles  W.  of  Seville.     P.  2012. 

Carrion  de  los  Condes,  kaR-ne-on'  di  loce  kon'- 
dfis,  a  town  of  Spain,  21  miles  N.  of  Palencia,  on  the  Car- 
rion. Pop.  3497.  It  is  enclosed  by  ruinous  walls,  and  has 
9  churches,  with  convents  and  hospitals. 

Carriovacou,  one  of  the  West  Indies.    See  Carriacou. 

Car'ritunk,  a  post-township  of  Somerset  co..  Me.,  on 
the  Kennebec  River,  38  miles  N.N.W.  of  Skowhegan.  It 
has  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop,  214. 


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Carrizal  Alte,  kar-ree-s9,l'  ftl'to,  atown  of  Chili,  prov- 
ince of  Atacaina,  25  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Carrizal  Bajo.  Here 
is  one  of  the  richest  copper-mines  in  the  world.    Pop.  3681. 

Carrizal  Bajo,  kar-ree-sil'  bi'Ho,  a  seaport  of  Chili, 
province  of  Atacama,  140  miles  N.  of  Coquimbo.  It  is  con- 
nected by  rail  with  Carrizal  Alto,  and  ships  copper  and  ores. 

Carrizo,  kaf-rce'so,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Zapata 
CO.,  Tex.,  on  the  Rio  Grande,  about  70  miles  below  Laredo. 
It  has  a  church,  a  court-house,  and  a  high  school.    Pop.  243. 

Carrizo  Springs,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Dimmit  co., 
Tex.,  40  miles  S.E.  of  Eagle  Pass.  It  has  2  churches,  sev- 
eral medicinal  wells,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  400. 

Carroll ,  kir'rol,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Arkansas. 
Area,  059  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  King's  River 
and  White  River.  The  soil  produces  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
pasture,  &c.  Capitals,  Berryvillo  and  Eureka  Springs. 
Pop.  in  1870,  5780;  in  1880,  13,337;  in  1890,  17,288. 

Carroll,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an 
area  of  about  460  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E. 
by  the  Chattahoochee  River,  and  is  drained  by  the  Talla- 
poosa River.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly,  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests  ;  the  soil  in  some  parts  is  fertile.  Cot- 
■ton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  Granite  is 
found  here.  The  county  is  traversed  by  the  Central  of 
'Georgia  and  the  Chattanooga,  Rome  &  Columbus  Railroad 
■iystems,  which  connect  with  Carrollton,  the  capital.  Pop. 
in  1870,  11,782;  in  1880,  16,901  ;  in  1890,  22,301. 

Carroll,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an 
area  of  about  430  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W. 
by  the  Mississippi  River,  which  separates  it  from  Iowa, 
and  is  partly  drained  by  Elkhorn  Creek  and  Plum  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating;  the  soil  is  fertile.  A  large  pro- 
.portion  of  the  county  is  prairie.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats, 
butter,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Lend  has  been 
found  here.  The  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Northern  and  the 
'  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul  Railroads  traverse  the  county 
from  West  to  East,  the  former  in  a  southerly  and  the  latter 
■  in  a  northerly  direction,  the  latter  running  through  Mount 
Carroll,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 16,705 ;  in  1880, 16,976  ; 
in  1890,  18,320. 

Carroll,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  Indiana, 
has  an  area  of  about  380  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  AVabash  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Tippecanoe  and 
Wild  Cat  Rivers.  The  surface  is  partly  level  and  partly 
undulating;  the  soil  is  fertile.  A  large  portion  of  it  is  cov- 
ered with  forests  of  the  oak,  beech,  walnut,  sugar-maple, 
and  other  trees.  The  staple  products  are  wheat,  Indian 
corn,  oats,  and  pork.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Wa- 
bash Railroad  and  the  Wabash  &  Erie  Canal.  Capital, 
Delphi.  Pop.  in  1870,  16,152;  in  1880,  18,345:  in  1890, 
20,021. 

Carroll,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Iowa,  has 
an  area  of  676  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Raccoon 
(or  Coon)  River  and  the  Middle  Coon  and  Nishnabatona 
Rivers.  The  surface  is  undulating;  the  soil  is  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad. 
Capital,  Carroll.  Pop.  in  1870,  2451;  in  1880,  12,351;  in 
1890,  18,828. 

Carroll,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kentucky,  has  an 
area  of  about  185  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by 
the  Ohio  River,  and  intersected  by  the  Kentucky  River. 
The  surface  is  partly  undulating,  and  high  hills  occur  near 
the  Ohio  River.  The  soil  is  based  on  Trenton  limestone, 
and  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  tobacco,  and  wheat  are  the 
staple  products.  The  Louisville,  Cincinnati  &  Lexington 
Railroad  passes  along  the  S.E.  border.  Capital,  Carrollton, 
Pop.  in  1870,  6189;  in  1880,  8953;  in  1890,  9266. 

Carroll,  a  former  parish  of  Louisiana,  has  been  divided 
into  two  parts,  namely.  East  CAnnoLL  and  West  Carroll. 

Carroll,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Maryland,  has  an 
area  of  about  450  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Pa- 
tapsco  River,  which  rises  in  it,  and  by  Pipe  Creek.  The 
surface  is  hilly  ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats, 
hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Minos  of  copper, 
and  iron  ore  have  been  opened  in  this  county,  which  is 
intersected  by  the  Western  Maryland  Railroad  and  the 
Frederick  &  Pennsylvania  Railroad.  Capital,  Westminster. 
Pop.  in  1870,  28,619;  in  1880,  30,992;  in  1890,  32,376. 

Carroll,  a  county  near  the  central  part  of  Mississippi, 
has  an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.E.  by  the  Big  Black  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by 
small  affluents  of  the  Yazoo  River.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level,  or  undulating,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests  of 
the  beech,  magnolia,  hickory,  white  oak,  tulip-tree,  <fec. ; 
the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the 
Staple  products.    This  county  is  traversed  from  east  to 


west  by  the  Nashville  &  Danville  Railroad,  which  passes 
through  Carrollton,  the  Capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  21,047;  in 
1880,  17,795;  in  1890,  18,773. 

Carroll,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  Missouri, 
has  an  area  of  about  750  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  Grand  River,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  Missouri  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  by  extensive 
prairies  and  forests  of  oak,  hickory,  black  walnut,  Ac.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  has  abundance  of  limestone, 
coal,  and  sandstone.  It  is  intersected  by  three  lines  of  rail- 
road, the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6,  the  Chicago,  Bur- 
lington &,  Kansas  City,  and  the  Wabash  Railroads,  all  of 
which  enter  Carrollton,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  17,446; 
in  1880,  2.3,274;  in  1890,  25,742. 

Carroll,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  New  Hampshire, 
has  an  area  of  about  750  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.W.  by  Lake  Winnepesaukee,  and  is  drained  by  the 
Ossipee  and  Saco  Rivers.  It  contains  several  small  lakes. 
The  surface  is  partly  mountainous,  and  is  extensively^  coy. 
ered  with  forests,  in  which  the  ash,  elm,  hickory,  white  oak, 
and  sugar-maple  abound.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile. 
Hay,  Indian  corn,  potatoes,  and  butter  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Among  the  minerals  of  this  county  are  granite, 
lead,  and  silver.  It  is  partly  intersected  by  the  Boston  & 
Maine  and  the  Maine  Central  Railroads,  the  former  run- 
ning through  Ossipee,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in 
1870,  17,332;  in  1880,  18,224;  in  1890,  18,124. 

Carroll,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an  area 
of  about  440  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Conotten,  Yel- 
low, and  Stindy  Creeks.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  hills 
of  moderate  height,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests 
of  the  ash,  chestnut,  hickory,  oak,  Ac. ;  the  soil  is  fertile. 
Oats,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  wool,  and  butter  are  the  staple 
products.  Beds  of  bituminous  coal  and  iron  ore  are  found 
in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Tuscarawas  Branch 
of  the  Cleveland  &  Pittsburg  Railroad.  The  Lake  Erie, 
Alliance  &  Southern  and  the  Cleveland  A  Canton  Railroad 
systems  also  traverse  the  county,  the  latter  passing  through 
Carrollton,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  14,491;  in  1880, 
16,416;  in  1890,  17,566. 

Carroll,  a  county  of  West  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of 
about  630  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Big  Sandy 
River,  and  also  drained  by  the  South  Fork  of  Obion  River. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  mostly  covered  with 
forests ;  the  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  cotton,  wheat, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  A  St.  Louis  Railroad, 
and  by  the  Louisville  A  Nashville  Railroad,  the  former 
running  through  Huntingdon,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
19,447;  in  1880,  22,103;  in  1890,  23,630. 

Carroll,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Virginia,  has  an 
area  of  about  450  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E. 
by  the  Blue  Ridge,  and  is  drained  by  New  River  and  its 
numerous  creeks  and  streams.  The  surface  is  partly  moun- 
tainous, and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  in  some 
parts  is  adapted  to  pasturage.  Indian  corn  and  oats  are 
also  cultivated  here.  Copper  and  lead  are  said  to  be  found 
in  this  county.  Capital,  Hillsville.  Pop.  in  1870,9147; 
in  1880,  13,323;  in  1890,  15,497. 

Carroll,  a  township  of  Vermilion  co.,  111.  Pop.  2032. 
It  contains  Indianola. 

Carroll,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.,  about  15 
miles  S.  of  Logansport.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  500. 

Carroll,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Carroll  co.,  Iowa,  is 
in  Carroll  township,  near  Middle  Coon  River,  and  on  the 
Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  93  miles  N.E.  of  Council 
Bluffs,  and  65  miles  W.  of  Boone.  It  has  7  churches,  a  flour- 
mill,  5  hotels,  and  numerous  stores  and  warehouses.  One 
daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop. 
in  1*875,  812;  in  1880,  1385;  in  1890,  3357. 

Carroll,  a  township  of  O'Brien  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  176. 

Carroll,  a  township  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  575. 

Carroll,  a  post-township  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  about 
55  miles  N.E.  of  Bangor.     Pop.  632. 

Carroll,  a  post-office  of  IJaltimore  co.,  Md.,  at  Scull 
Town,  and  a  station  on  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  2 
miles  from  Baltimore.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  Passionist  mon- 
astery and  a  Catholic  hospital. 

Carroll,  a  township  of  Reynolds  co..  Mo.     Pop.  605. 

Carroll,  a  township  of  Texas  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  519. 

Carroll,  a  village  of  Dawson  co.,  Montana,  on  the  Mis- 
souri River,  near  the  head  of  navigation.  It  has  trade  in 
furs  and  hides.     Steamboats  ascend  the  river  to  this  place. 

Carroll,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Neb.,  11  miles 
N.W.  of  Wayne.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  125. 

Carroll,  a  township  of  Coos  co.,  N.H.,  in  the  White 


CAR 


808 


CAR 


Mountftin  reji^ion.  Pop.  378.  Areit,  24,640  acres.  Post- 
office,  Twin  Mountain.  It  has  a  church,  and  is  traversed 
by  the  Purtlnnd  i,  OgJunsburg  and  Mount  Washington 
Branch  Railroads. 

Carroll,  a  township  of  Chautauqua  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  lino.  Pop.  1827.  It  contains  Fentonville 
and  Frewsburg. 

Carroll,  a  post- village  of  Fairflold  co.,  0.,  in  Greenfield 
township,  on  the  Columbus  A  Hooking  V'alloy  Railroad,  23 
milcd  E.S.K.  of  Columbus.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  common  school.     Pop.  293. 

Carroll,  a  township  of  Ottawa  oo.,  0.    Pop.  1036. 

Carroll,  a  township  of  Cambria  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1226. 

Carroll,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co..  Pa.,  1-3  miles 
(direct)  E.  by  S.  of  Look  Haven.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
public  school.     Pop.  100. 

Carroll,  a  township  of  Perry  co..  Pa.    Pop.  1425. 

Carroll,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  3178, 
«lclusive  of  Monongahela. 

Carroll,  a  township  of  York  oo..  Pa.    Pop.  993. 

(Carroll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  A  Chicago  Railroad,  1  mile  from 
Oakfifld,  and  7  miles  N.  of  Jackson.     It  has  2  churches. 

Carroll's,  Cowlitx  co.,  Washington.    See  CAnnoLLTON. 

Carroll's  Prairie,  a  post-ofBce  of  Hopkins  co.,  Tex. 

Carroll's  Switch,  a  station  on  the  Louisville  A 
Pnducah  Railroad,  88  miles  S.W.  of  Louisville,  Ky. 

Car'rollsvillc,  a  post-village  of  Olmsted  co.,  Minn., 
7  miles  (direct)  S.  of  Rochester.   It  has  a  church.    Pop.  100. 

Car'rollton,  kdr'r^l-t^n,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Pickens  CO.,  Ala.,  on  Lubbub  Creek,  61  miles  S.W.  of  Bir- 
mingham, and  35  miles  W.  of  Tuscaloosa.  It  has  3  churches, 
the  Carrollton  Institute,  and  2  newspaper  offices. 

Carrollton,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Ark.,  on 
Long  Creek,  about  130  miles  N.N.W.  of  Little  Rock,  and 
90  miles  from  Springfield,  Mo.  It  Las  a  church,  a  semi- 
nary, and  a  flour-mill. 

Carrollton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Carroll  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  Little  Tallapoosa  River,  about  50  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Atlanta,  and  on  the  Savannah,  Griffin  A  North  Alabama 
Railroad,  60  miles  from  Griffin.  It  contains  a  court-house, 
5  churches,  the  Carroll  Masonic  Institute,  2  newspaper 
offices,  2  planing-mills,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop. 
about  1200. 

Carrollton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Greene  co..  Ill,, 
is  in  Carrollton  township,  on  the  Chicago  A  Alton  Railroad, 
33  miles  N.N.W.  of  Alton,  and  34  miles  S.  by  W.  from 
J.acksonville.  It  has  6  churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  high  school,  3  flouring-mills,  2  machine-shops,  a 
foundry,  and  a  carriage-factory.    Pop.  in  1890,  2258. 

Carrollton,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.     P.  1046. 

Carrollton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Cincinnati,  Hamilton  it;  Indianapolis  Railroad,  IS  miles  E. 
by  S.  from  Indianapolis.  It  has  a  church,  a  seminary,  and 
a  grist-mill. 

Carrollton,  a  post- village  of  Carroll  co.,  Iowa,  is  on 
or  near  the  Middle  Coon  River,  70  miles  W.N.W.  of  Des 
Moines.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  1 25. 

Carrollton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Carroll  co.,  Ky., 
is  on  the  Ohio  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Kentucky  River, 
12  miles  above  Madison  (Ind.),  and  44  miles  by  land  N.E. 
of  Louisville.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  bank,  7  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  cotton-factory,  a  wooUcn-mill,  and  a 
seminary.  Pop.  1098.  Carrollton  Station  (English  Post- 
Office),  on  the  Louisville  <t  Cincinnati  Railroad,  50  miles 
N.E.  of  Louisville,  is  at  some  distance  from  the  town. 

Carrollton,  a  former  post-village  of  Jefferson  parish, 
La.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  7  miles  above  New  Orleans, 
but  now  the  seventh  district  or  sixteenth  and  seventeenth 
wards  of  that  city.  It  has  14  churches,  the  Leland  Univer- 
sity (colored),  a  female  orphan  asylum,  and  manufactures 
of  lumber.  It  is  connected  with  New  Orleans  by  a  street 
railway.     Pop.  7438. 

Carrollton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Western  Maryland  Railroad,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Baltimore. 
It  has  water-power  and  mills  for  plaster. 

Carrollton,  a  post-village  of  Saginaw  co.,  Mich.,  is 
on  the  Saginaw  River,  in  Carrollton  township,  and  on  the 
Jackson,  Lansing  <t  Saginaw  Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of  East 
Saginaw.  It  has  a  church  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and 
salt.     Pop.  about  600 ;  of  the  township,  1343. 

Carrollton,  a  hamlet  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn.,  in  Car- 
rollton township  (which  is  traversed  by  the  Southern  Min- 
nesota Railroad),  about  32  miles  S.W.  of  Winona.  The 
township  contains  the  village  of  Lanesborough  and  a  total 
population  of  2036. 

Carrollton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Carroll  co.,  Miss., 


20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Grenada,  and  1 1  miles  by  rail  W.  of 
Winona.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  2  colleges,  a  cotton« 
factory,  a  newspaper  office,  saw-  and  grist-mills,  and  manu- 
factures of  woollen  goods.     Pop.  800. 

Carrollton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Carroll  co.,  Mo., 
is  on  or  near  the  Waconda  Creek,  66  miles  by  rail  K.N.B. 
of  Kansas  City.  It  has  3  banks,  10  churches,  a  convent, 
and  a  woollen-mill.  One  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  .3878, 

Carrollton,  a  post-lmmlet  of  Cattaraugus  oo.,  N.T., 
in  Carrollton  township,  on  the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the 
Erie  Railroad  at  its  junction  with  the  Buffalo,  Bradford  A 
Pittsburg  Railroad,  52  miles  S.E.  of  Dunkirk.  The  town- 
ship contains  a  village  named  Limestone.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1218. 

Carrollton,  a  post-villnge,  capital  of  Carroll  co.,  0., ii 
24  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Canton,  and  70  miles  N.E.  of  Zanei- 
ville.  It  has  2  banks,  5  churches,  3  newspaper  offices,  a 
union  school,  a  carriage-factory,  a  tannery,  2  foundries, 
and  5  smith-shops.     Pop,  in  1890,  1228. 

Carrollton,  a  village  of  Montgomery  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Miami  River,  and  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  A  Dayton 
and  Cleveland,  Cincinnati  A  Indianapolis  Railroads,  Smiles 
S.S.AV.  of  Dayton.     Pop.  350. 

Carrollton,  a  post-village  and  station  of  Dallas  co., 
Tex.,  14  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Dallas.  It  has  several  stores 
and  general  business  houses.     Pop,  about  100. 

Carrollton,  or  Carroll's,  a  station  of  Cowlitz  co., 
Washington,  on  the  Columbia  River,  and  on  the  Northern 
Pacific  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Kalama.  Here  is  a  steam- 
boat-landing. 

Carrollton  Station,  Kentucky  and  Ohio.  See  Car- 
rollton. 

Car'rolltown,  a  post-borough  of  Cambria  co..  Pa.,  IS 
miles  W.N,W.  of  Altoona.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  an 
academy,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  Benedictine  convent, 
also  a  tannery  and  a  flour- mill.     Pop.  634. 

Car'ron,  a  river  and  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Stirling, 
the  river  entering  the  Firth  of  Forth  3  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Falkirk.  On  its  N.  bank,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Falkirk,  is  the 
village,  with  the  Carron  Iron- Works.     Pop.  1088. 

Car'ronbrook,  a  post-vill.ige  in  Perth  co,,  Ontario,  17 
miles  by  rail  N.AV.  of  Stratford.  It  has  saw-  and  ])laning- 
mills,  a  stave-factory,  a  soap-  and  candle-factory,  a  pottery, 
a  sash-factory,  and  salt-works,  A  newspaper  is  published 
here.     Pop.  1000, 

Car'ronshore,  a  village  of  Scotland,  oo.  of  Stirling,  2 
miles  N.E.  of  Carron.     Pop.  966, 

Carrothers,  kir-ruth'^rz,  a  post-village  of  Seneca  co., 
0,,  16  miles  by  rail  S,E.  of  Tiffin.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
common  school.     Pop.  200. 

Carrouges,  kau^Roozh',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Orne,  15  miles  N.W,  of  Alenjon,     Pop.  1972. 

Car^rowmore',  a  lake  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Mayo,  4 
miles  N.E,  of  TuUoghan  Bay.  It  contains  several  isles, 
and  flows  through  the  river  Munhin  into  the  Owenmore. 

Carr  Rock  is  in  the  North  Sea,  off  Fife-Ness,  Scotland, 
in  lat,  56°  17'  N.,  Ion.  2°  35'  W.,  with  a  beacon  11  miles 
W,S,W.  of  Bell  Rock  light-house. 

Carr's,  karz,  a  post-office  and  shipping-point  of  Lewis 
CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  22  miles  above  Maysville, 

Carr's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  is 
at  Young's  Station  on  the  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  4  miles 
E.  of  Sidney  Plains.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Carr's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Macon  A  Augusta  Railroad,  40  miles  N.E.  of  Macon. 

Carrsville,  karz'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co., 
Ky.,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Paducah.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  saw-mill.    Coal  is  found  here. 

Carrsville,  a  station  in  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Bal- 
timore A  Ohio  Railroad,  5  miles  from  Baltimore. 

Carrsville,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Mo,,  8  miles  N, 
of  Clinton,  It  has  a  church,  a  normal  institute,  and  a  floiir- 
ing-mill.     Coal  is  mined  here, 

Carrsville,  a  post-village  of  Isle  of  Wight  co,,  Va,,  on 
the  Seaboard  <S;  Roanoke  Railroad,  31  miles  W.S.W.  of  Nor- 
folk,    It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Carrn,  kin-noo',  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  6  miles 
N.N.E,  of  Mondovi,     Pop,  3899, 

Carr'ville,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Tenn. 

Carrville,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Don  River,  20  miles  N,  of  Toronto.   Pop.  100. 

Car'ryall,  a  township  of  Paulding  co.,  0.    Pop,  1087. 

Carrying  Place,  Ontario.    See  Mukrav. 

Carse  of  Falkirk,  fil-kirk',  a  district  in  Scotland, 
cos,  of  Linlithgow  and  Stirling,  extends  along  the  Firth  of 
Forth  from  Borrowstoumness  to  Airth. 


CAR 


809 


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:  Carse  of  Gowrie,  gSw'ree,  a  very  fertile  district  in 
ijootland,  co.  of  Perth,  extends  for  15  miles  between  the  Tay 
ind  the  Sidlaw  Hills. 

Carse  of  Stir'ling,  a  district  in  Scotland,  extending 
rora  Buchlyvie  to  the  E.  extremity  of  the  co.  of  Stirling, 
lonsists  of  a  rich  agricultural  tract  of  30,000  acres. 
(;ars  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Letcher  co.,  Ky. 
Carshal'ton,  or  Casehor'ton,  a  village  of  England, 
jO.  of  Surrey,  on  the  Epsom  Railway,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of 
London.     Pop.  of  parish,  3668. 
i    Cars'ley's  Church,  a  post-office  of  Surry  co.,  Va. 

Carsoli,  kar'so-lee  (anc.  C'arseoli),  a  town  of  Italy, 
ijrovince  of  Aquila,  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rome.  Pop.  5527. 
'  Car'son,  a  county  in  the  Panhandle  of  Te.tas.  Area, 
!)00  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by  the  North  Fork  of 
JBed  River.  Capital,  Panhandle.  Pop.  in  1890,  356. 
\  Carson,  a  station  on  the  Mobile  &  Alabama  Grand 
Srrunk  Railroad,  66  miles  N.  of  Mobile,  Ala. 
j'  Carson,  a  post-town  of  Pottawattamie  co.,  Iowa,  16 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Hastings.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
(ind  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  650. 

Carson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  co.,  Kansas,  7  miles 
\W.  by  N.  of  Hiawatha. 

\    Carson,  a  township  of  Cottonwood  CO.,  Minn.    Pop.  161. 
Car'sonby,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  co.,  Ontario,  25 
tmiles  S.  of  Ottawa.     Pop.  175. 

I  Car'son  City,  a  post-village  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Bloomer  township,  12  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Sheridan,  and 
libout  18  miles  S.E.  of  Stanton.  It  has  5  churches,  a  news- 
Ipaper  office,  a  high  school,  a  bank,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill, 
■iind  2  sash-  and  blind-factories.  It  exports  much  pine 
jiuraber.  Here  is  a  money-order  post-office.  Pop.  921. 
j  Carson  City,  the  capital  of  the  state  of  Nevada,  and 
(of  Ormsby  CO.,  is  situated  near  the  eastern  base  of  the  Sierra 
jNevada,  3  miles  AV.  of  Carson  River,  12  miles  E.  of  Lake 
ilahoe,  and  21  miles  S.  by  \V.  from  Virginia  City.  Lat.  39° 
|10'  N. ;  Ion.  119°  -13'  W.  It  is  surrounded  by  grand  moun- 
itain  scenery,  and  is  on  the  Virginia  &  Truckee  Railroad, 
l31  miles  S.  of  Reno.  Gold  and  silver  are  found  near  this 
'place.  Two  daily  newspapers  are  published  here.  Carson 
iCity  has  a  bank,  4  churches,  a  United  States  mint,  sev- 
jeral  mills  for  extracting  gold  and  silver,  a  government 
;and  a  capitol  building,  an  Indian  school,  an  orphans'  home, 
land  a  large  creamery.  The  workshops,  round-house,  and 
[general  offices  of  the  railroad  are  located  here.  Pop.  in 
'1890,  3950. 

•  Carson  Pass,  Alpine  co.,  Cal.,  is  a  defile  or  depression 
[n  the  Sierra  Nevada.  It  is  7972  feet  above  sea-level. 
(  Carson  River,  a  small  river  which  rises  on  the  E. 
Iilope  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  near  the  boundary  between 
palifornia  and  Nevada.  It  runs  northward  and  northeast- 
jirard,  intersects  the  cos.  of  Douglas,  Ormsby,  and  Lyon  (in 
i!^evada),  and  enters  Carson  Lake.  Its  length  is  estimated 
it  170  miles.  Carson  Lake,  which  is  in  Churchill  co.,  Ne- 
vada, has  no  outlet.  Its  diameter  or  greatest  extent  is  about 
12  miles.  Silver  is  found  near  Carson  River. 
Carson's  Creek,  a  post-office,  Transylvania  co.,  N.C. 
Carson's  Landing,  a  village  of  Bolivar  co..  Miss.,  on 
i;he  Mississippi  River,  about  75  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Grenada. 
lit  is  contiguous  to  Concordia  Post-Office.  Here  are  3  churches 
!ind  6  general  stores.  About  6000  bales  of  cotton  are  an- 
j  lually  shipped  here. 

I  Car'sonvil  I e ,  a  post-village  of  Taylor  co.,  Ga.,  9  milet 
[direct)  N.  of  Butler,  and  about  the  same  distance  N.N.E. 
Ijf  Howard  railroad  station.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  926. 
Carsonville,  a  post-town  of  Sanilac  co.,  .Mich.,  38 
!  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Port  Huron.  It  has  f  churches, 
'2  banks,  a  g?aded  school,  a  cheese-factory,  &c.  Pop.  350. 
i  Carsonville,  a  post-village  of  Dauphin  co..  Pa.,  in 
Jeflferson  township,  about  18  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Harrisburg, 
land  7  miles  from  Cross  Roads  Station.  It  has  2  churches. 
I  Carsonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grayson  co.,  Va.,  25 
i  miles  E.S.E.  of  Marion.  It  has  a  church. 
!  Carsonville,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co..  New  Bruns- 
jirick,  13  miles  from  Apohaqui.  Pop.  150. 
I  Cart,  two  rivers  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Renfrew,  which  unite 
I  ind  enter  the  Firth  of  Clyde  6  miles  below  Glasgow. 
!  Cartagena,  or  Carthagena,  kar-ta-jee'na  (Sp.  pron. 
kaR-ti-H^'ni ;  French,  Carlhaghie,  kanHi^zhin' ;  anc. 
Cartha'go  No'va,  or  "  New  Carthage,"  it  having  been  a 
principal  colony  of  the  Carthaginians),  a  city  and  the  chief 
\  Daval  arsenal  of  Spain,  on  a  noble  bay  of  the  Mediterra- 
nean, province  and  27  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Murcia.  Lat. 
•37°  36'  5"  N. ;  Ion.  0°  56'  36"  W.  Pop.  75,908.  It  occu- 
pies the  declivity  of  a  hill  and  a  small  plain  extending  to 
the  harbor,  which  is  protected  from  winds  by  surrounding 
heights.  Its  harbor  has  been  much  improved  by  the  con- 
52 


struction  of  moles.  An  island  on  the  S.,  as  well  as  the  city, 
is  strongly  fortified.  The  city,  though  dull  and  unhealthv, 
has  good  streets  and  houses,  numerous  churches  and  con- 
vents, a  marine  school,  large  royal  hospital,  foundling  hos- 
pital, town  hall  and  custom-house,  observatory,  theatre, 
circus,  Ac.  In  its  W.  division  are  docks  for  building  men- 
of-war,  an  arsenal,  and  a  floating-dock.  Its  port  communi- 
cates with  the  Segura  River  by  the  Lorca  Canal.  Its  man- 
ufactures of  cordage  and  canvas,  with  trade  in  barilla  and 
agricultural  produce,  have  decayed,  but  it  still  has  a  valuable 
tunny-fishery  and  a  glass-factory  and  smelting-works.  The 
copper-,  lead-,  zinc-,  and  iron-mines  of  Cartagena  were 
originally  wrought  by  the  Carthaginians.  Cartagena  was 
taken  by  Scipio  B.C.  208,  at  which  period,  according  to  Livy, 
it  was  one  of  the  richest  cities  in  the  world.  It  was  ruined 
by  the  Goths ;  and  its  modern  importance  dates  only  from 
the  time  of  Philip  II.  It  ships  mostly  lead,  copper,  zinc, 
and  iron  ores,  sulphur,  and  esparto.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Cartagena,  or  Carthagena,  kar-ta-jee'na  (Sp.  pron. 
kan-tl-H^'ni),  a  city  and  seaport  of  the  republic  of  Colom- 
bia, capital  of  the  department  of  Bolivar,  on  a  small  sandy 
peninsula  connected  with  the  continent  by  an  artificial  neck 
of  land.  Lat.  10°  25'  36"  N. ;  Ion.  75°  34'  W.  On  an 
island,  communicating  with  the  city  by  means  of  a  wooden 
bridge,  is  a  suburb  called  Xiximani.  Both  the  former  and 
the  latter  are  surrounded  by  strong  fortifications  of  freestone  ; 
and  at  a  short  distance  from  the  city,  on  the  mainland,  is 
an  eminence  about  150  feet  high,  on  which  is  a  strong  fort. 
The  bay,  which  is  landlocked  and  has  smooth  water,  ex- 
tends from  N.  to  S.  7  miles,  and  affords  excellent  anchorage. 
There  were  two  entrances  to  the  port, — the  Boca  Grande, 
close  to  the  town,  and  the  Boca  Chica,  many  miles  farther 
S.  Two  strong  castles  defend  Boca  Chica,  which  is  the 
principal  entrance. 

The  town  and  suburbs  are  well  laid  out.  The  houses  are 
generally  of  stone,  two  stories  high,  with  balconies  and  lat- 
tices of  wood;  and  the  streets,  though  not  spacious,  are 
straight,  well  paved,  and  lighted  with  gas.  It  is  a  bishop's 
see,  and  has  a  naval  arsenal.  Among  the  public  buildings 
are  churches  and  convents,  a  general  and  a  military  hos- 
pital, a  town  hall,  a  theatre,  a  circus,  and  a  college.  The 
weather  is  excessively  hot  and  insalubrious.  Leprosy  is 
common,  and  yellow  fever  often  makes  fearful  ravages. 
The  trade  of  Cartagena,  at  one  time  considerable,  has  de- 
clined very  much  in  consequence  of  the  rivalship  of  the 
ports  of  Santa  Marta  and  Barranquilla.  E.xports,  cotton, 
sugar,  divi-divi,  balsams,  cinchona,  cacao,  vegetable  ivory, 
coffee,  Ac.     The  pop.,  formerly  much  greater,  is  about  9000. 

Cartago,  kaa-ti'go,  a  river  and  bay  of  Nicaragua,  on 
the  Mosquito  Coast :  the  river  rises  about  lat.  14°  37'  N., 
and,  after  a  N.N.E.  course  of  about  45  miles,  enters  the 
bay,  which  is  a  largo  lagoon  communicating  with  the  Carib- 
bean Sea,  in  lat.  15°  20'  N.  and  extending  between  Ion.  83" 
35'  and  84°  15'  W. 

Cartago,  a  town  of  Costa  Rica,  20  miles  E.  of  San  J036. 
It  is  connected  by  rail  with  Alajuela,  and  has  trade  in  cof- 
fee.    Pop.  4000. 

Cartago,  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Colombia,  depart- 
ment of  Antioquia,  in  the  valley  of  the  Cauca,  on  the  Viega, 
150  miles  W.  of  Bogota.     Pop.  3000. 

Cartama,  kau-t4'mi,  a  town  of  Spain,  21  miles  W.  of 
Malaga,  on  the  Guadaljore.     Pop.  4000. 

Cartaya,  kau-ti'yi,  a  town  and  port  of  Spain,  in  An- 
dalusia, 9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Huelva,  on  the  Piedra.  It  has 
a  prison,  a  hospital,  a  custom-house,  docks  for  ship-  and 
boat-building,  and  a  marine  store-house.  The  bulk  of  tho 
people  are  fishermen.     Pop.  4970. 

Car'tecay,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gilmer  co.,  Ga.,  about  70 
miles  N.  of  Atlanta.     It  has  2  churches. 

Car'ter,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Kentucky,  has  an 
area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Little 
Sandy  River  and  Tygart's  Creek,  and  is  traversed  by  the 
Eastern  Kentucky  Railroad.  The  surface  is  hilly.  Tho  soil 
of  the  lowlands  produces  Indian  corn,  oats,  Ac.  Coal  is 
abundant  here.  Capital,  Grayson.  Pop,  in  1870,  7509; 
in  1880,  12,345;  in  1890,  17,204. 

Carter,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an 
area  of  about  480  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Cur- 
rent River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating,  and  is 
partly  covered  with  pine  forests.  The  soil  produces  Indian 
corn,  tobacco,  oats,  Ac.  Among  the  minerals  of  this  county 
are  copper,  iron,  and  limestone.  The  county  is  traversed 
by  the  Kansas  City,  Fort  Scott  A  Memphis,  and  the  St. 
Louis,  Cape  Girardeau  A  Fort  Smith  Railroads.  Capital, 
Van  Buren.     Pop.  in  1880,  2168;  in  1890,  4659. 

Carter,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Tennessee,  has  aa 
area  of  about  390  square  miles.    It  is  intersected  by  th« 


CAR 


8tO 


CAR 


Vatnaga  Rirer,  and  ia  bounded  on  tho  S.E.  by  the  Iron 
Mountain.  Tbe  curfaeo  is  divervifled  by  mountains  and 
valleys,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  good  timber. 
The  soil  of  tho  valleys  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  grass, 
and  live-stook  are  tho  staple  products.  Iron  ore  is  abun- 
dant in  this  oounty.  The  county  is  traversed  by  the  East 
Tennessee  A  West  North  Carolina  Railroad,  which,  entering 
it  in  the  West,  runs  eastward  to  Klizabcthtown,  the  capital, 
thence  in  a  southeasterly  direction  into  North  Carolina. 
Pop.  in  1870,  7UU»;  in  1880,  10,019;  in  1890,  18,389. 

Carter,  a  township  of  Spencer  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  1420. 

Carter,  a  township  of  Carter  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  760. 

Carter,  a  station  of  Lafayette  oo.,  Mo.,  on  the  railroad 
from  Independence  to  Lexington,  6  miles  W.  of  the  latter. 

Carter,  a  post-hamlet  of  Parker  co.,  Texas,  4  miles  N. 
of  Weatherford.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Carter,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Uinta  co.,  Wyoming, 
on  the  Union  Paciflo  Railroad,  389  miles  W.  of  Cheyenne. 

Carter  Camp,  a  post-hamlet  of  Potter  co.,  Pa.,  18 
miles  (direct)  S.K.  of  Coudersport. 

Carter  Dome,  a  mountain  of  Coos  co.,  N.H.  about  8 
miles  S.  of  Oorham  Railroad  Station.     Altitude,  4830  feet. 

Carteret,  kaitUfh-ri.',  a  village  of  France,  in  Manche, 
on  a  bay  of  the  same  name  in  the  English  Channel,  oppo- 
site Jersey.     Pop.  525. 

Car'teret,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  North  Carolina, 
has  an  area  of  about  440  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.  and  S.E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the  N.E.  by 
Pamlico  Sound.  It  comprises  several  low  islands  on  the 
Bea-coast.  The  surface  is  level,  and  extensively  covered 
with  pine  forests;  the  soil  is  snndy  and  produces  a  little 
cotton  and  maize.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Atlantic  <i;  North 
Carolina  Railroad.  Capital,  Beaufort.  Pop.  in  1870,  9010 ; 
in  1880,  9784;  in  1890,  10,825. 

Car'teret,  an  island  of  the  South  Pacific,  in  Solomon 
Archipelago.     Lat.  8°  50'  S. ;  Ion.  160°  48'  E. 

Car'teret,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  N.J.,  6 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Perth  Amboy  and  13  miles  (direct)  N.E. 
of  New  Brunswick.  It  has  2  churches,  2  public  schools,  a 
card  and  engraving  company,  and  other  manufactures. 
Pop.  about  1000. 

Carter-Fell,  Scotland.    See  Cheviot  Hills. 

Car'ter's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Murray  co.,  Ga.,  12  miles 
(direct)  S.E.  of  Spring  Place.    It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  300. 

Carter's,  a  post-village  of  Bell  co.,  Ky.,  about  4  miles 
.  N.W.  from  Flat  Lick  and  10  miles  N.W.  from  Pineville. 
It  has  a  church  and  free  schools.     Pop.  about  500. 

Carter's  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albemarle  co,,  Va., 
6  miles  S.  of  Red  Hill  Railroad  Station. 

Car'tersburg,  a  post- village  of  Hendricks  co.,  Ind.  in 
Liberty  township,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  &  Terre  Haute 
Railroad,  17  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  about  250. 

Carter's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Maury  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  railroad  between  Nashville  and  Columbia,  3S  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Nashville. 

Carter's  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co.,  Va., 
10  miles  S.  of  Lancaster  Court-House.     It  has  2  churches. 

Carter's  Depot,  a  hamlet  of  Carter  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Watauga  River,  20  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Bristol.  It  has  a 
church  and  2  flouring-mills.     Pop.  760. 

Carter's  Furnace,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carter  co.,  Tenn., 
14  miles  E.  of  Carter's  Depot.  It  has  2  churches  and  an 
iron-furnace. 

Carter's  Island,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  co.,  Va., 
on  Staunton  River,  18  miles  from  Liberty. 

Carter's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Moore  co.,  N.C.,  1 
mile  from  Deep  River,  and  12  miles  N.W.  of  Carthage.  It 
has  a  llouring-mill. 

Carter's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Patrick  co.,  Va. 

Carter's  Store,  a  hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  Ala.,  15 
miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Wedowee.     It  has  a  church. 

Carter's  Sto'-e,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Ark., 
12  miles  S.  of  Fajetteville. 

Car'tersville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Bartow  co., 
Qn.,  on  the  Western  <fc  Atlantic  Railroad,  47  miles  N.W.  of 
Atlanta,  and  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Rome.  It  is  the  N.E.  ter- 
minus of  tho  East  <fc  West  Railroad  of  Alabama.  A 
weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.  It  has  6  churches, 
an  academy,  a  public  school,  and  manufactures  of  car- 
riages, ice,  and  ochre.  Cotton,  manganese,  and  iron  ores 
are  shipped  here.     Pop.  3171. 

Cartersville,  a  post-office  of  Tishomingo  co.,  Miss.,  7 
miles  S.  of  luka. 

Cartersville,  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Pitts- 
ford  township,  on  the  Erie  Canal  and  New  York  Central 
fiailroad,  2  miles  E.  of  Pittsford.    It  has  a  distillery. 


Cartersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Florence  co.,  S.C.,  |g 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Florence.  It  has  3  churches,  saw- 
mills, cotton-gins,  and  common  and  free  schools.  Pod 
314.  ^' 

Cartersville,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co.,  Vn. 
on  the  James  River,  46  miles  W.  of  Richmon<l.  It  baa  2 
churches.  Tobacco  is  shipped  hero  by  tho  James  River 
Canal.     Pop.  about  150, 

Car'terville,  a  post-village  of  Williamson  co.,  III.,  lo 
miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Marion.  It  has  4  churches,  a, 
bank,  a  common  school,  and  a  newspaper  office  CorU; 
mining  is  the  principal  business  of  this  place.     Pop.  9«i).  j 

Carterville,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  John's  co.,  Fla,,  13 
miles  S.  of  St.  Augustine. 

Carterville,  a  post-office  of  Bossier  Parish,  La. 

Carterville,  a  post-village  of  Josperco.,  Mo.,  in  Joplin' 
township,  4  miles  from  Pittslaurg  Station.  It  is  coiiiiguoui 
to  Webb  City.  It  has  a  carriage-factory,  a  smelt  in;^-fur. 
nace  for  lead,  and  several  steam-engines  for  draining  tho 
lead-mines  which  have  been  opened  here.    Pop.  about  700. 

Carthage,  kar'thij  (L.  Cartha'ijo  ;  Gr.  Kapx-ni^v,  Knr. 
chidon),  the  ancient  capital  of  a  famous  country  of  the 
same  name  in  Northern  Africa,  tho  site  of  which  is  a  few 
miles  N.  of  the  city  of  Tunis,  on  the  N.  part  of  a  small 
peninsula.  Lat.  36°  55'  N. ;  Lon.  10°  E.  About  thirty 
years  after  the  destruction  of  Carthage  City  (n.c.  146),  tho 
Romans  attempted  to  establish  a  colony  on  its  site,  whii:h 
did  not  prosper ;  but  a  second,  under  the  name  of  Coloiiia 
Carthago,  rose  into  importance,  and  became  the  first  city 
of  Roman  Africa.  In  439,  the  Vandals,  under  Gcnscric, 
seized  it.  It  was  retaken  by  Belisarius  in  553,  but  was 
finally  destroj'ed  by  tho  Saracens  in  698.  The  few  ruins 
that  exist  belong  to  the  Roman  city.  Hardly  a  trace  re- 
mains of  the  Carthaginian  metropolis.  In  1841  a  monu- 
ment was  set  up  in  the  locality  by  the  French,  in  memory 
of  their  king  Louis  IX.  (St.  Louis),  who  died  of  the  plague, 
May  25,  1270,  while  besieging  the  city  of  Tunis. 

Carthage,  kar'thJj,  a  post-village  of  Hale  co.,  Ala.,  15 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Tuscaloosa,  It  has  2  churches.  Pop. 
200. 

Carthage,  a  post-town  and  railway  junction,  capitnl 
of  Hancock  co.,  HI.,  15  miles  E.  of  Keokuk,  and  40  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Quincy,  with  which  places  it  is  connected  by 
railroad.  It  has  7  churches,  2  banks,  3  new.spaper  officec, 
a  college,  a  peg-factory,  a  creamery,  a  patent  fence  factory, 
and  tile-works.     Pop.  1654. 

Carthage,  a  post-village  of  Rush  co.,  Ind.,  in  Ripley 
township,  on  the  Blue  River,  14  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Rush, 
It  has  water-power,  a  flour-mill,  a  steam  saw-mill,  a  paper- 
factory,  a  planing-mill,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  3 
churches,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  482. 

Carthage,  a  post-hamlet  of  Campbell  co.,  Ky.,  aboul 
14  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Newport. 

Carthage,  a  township  of  Franklin  co..  Me.    Pop.  486, 

Carthage,  a  post-village,  cajiital  of  Leake  co.,  jMIss., 
on  the  Pearl  River,  33  miles  E.N.E.  of  Canton  and  50  miles 
N.E.  of  Jackson.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  400. 

Carthage,  a  flourishing  post-town,  capital  of  Jappci 
CO.,  Mo.,  is  i  mile  S.  of  Spring  River,  27  miles  by  rail  N.W 
of  Pierce  City,  and  22  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Lamar.  Il 
has  a  court-house,  14  churches,  a  collegiate  institute,  a  higl 
school,  a  catholic  school,  a  business  college,  a  conservatory 
of  music,  4  flouring-mills,  2  woolen-mills',  a  foundry  and 
machine-shop,  a  fruit  and  vegetable  cannery,  a  fruit  evap- 
orator, 2  national  and  3  private  banks,  3  daily  ami  i 
weekly  nffivspaper  offices,  6  lime-kilns,  a  bed-spring-factory 
and  fence-  and  brick-factories.  The  Spring  River  aflbrdi 
abundant  water-power.  Lead  is  mined  near  this  place 
The  chief  products  exported  from  Jasper  co.  are  lead, 
wheat,  corn,  pork,  and  wool.     Pop.  in  1890,  7981. 

Carthage,  a  post-village  of  Wilna  township,  Jeffer- 
son CO.,  N.Y.,  is  finely  situated  on  Black  River  and  on  th« 
Utica  &  Black  River  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  niair 
lino  with  the  Carthago  A  Morristown  division,  74  miles  N 
of  Utica,  and  17  miles  E.  of  Watertown.  It  contains  (. 
churches,  an  academy  or  graded  school,  2  banks,  severa 
tanneries,  2  iron-furnaces,  a  house  of  Aiigustinian  monks, 
and  manufactures  of  carriages,  machinery,  lumber,  iron, 
flour,  wooden-ware,  churns,  knit  goods,  Ac.  Two  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.  A  bridge  across  the  rivei 
connects  this  place  with  West  Carthage.  Pop.  in  1880, 1912] 
in  1890,  2278. 

Carthage,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Moore  co.,  N.C, 
56  miles  S.W.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  5  churches,  2  academies, 
a  newspaper  office,  stone-quarries,  4  turpentine  distilleries, 
and  a  manufactory  of  buggies.     Pop,  485. 


CAR 


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Carthage,  a  township  of  Athens  co.,  0.     Pop.  1272. 

Carthage,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  on  Mill 
Creek,  10  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Cincinnati,  It  has  4  churches, 
a  planing-mill,  and  manufactures  of  axles,  wheels,  Ac. 
Long  View  Insane  Asylum  and  the  Hamilton  Infirmary  are 
located  here.     Pop.  2257. 

Carthage,  a  post-village  of  Miner  co.,  S.D.,  34  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Salem.  It  has  2  churches,  3  banks,  a 
graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  flour-  and  grist- 
mill.    Pop.  200. 

Carthage,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Smith  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Cumberland  River,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Caney  Fork,  50  miles  E.  by  N.  from  Nashville. 
Produce  is  shipped  liere  in  steamboats.  It  has  a  new  court- 
house, 2  churches,  2  academies,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Pop.  477. 

Carthage,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Panola  co.,  Tex., 
30  miles  S.  of  Marshall,  and  44  miles  S.W.  of  Shrcveport, 
La.  It  is  nearly  6  miles  S.W.  of  the  Sabine  River.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Carthage  Junction,  Illinois.  See  East  BuntiNGTON. 

Carthage  Landing,  or  NeAV  Carthage,  a  post- 
Tillage  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Fishkill  township,  on  the 
Hudson  River,  and  on  the  Hudson  River  Railroad,  at  Low 
Point  Station,  4  miles  above  Newburg.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  steam  flour-mill.     Pop.  241. 

CarHhage'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  0.,  10  miles 
S.  of  Celina,  with  a  church  and  a  seminary  for  Catholic 
priests.     It  has  3  or  4  stores. 

Carthagena,  Colombia.    See  Cartagena. 

Carthago,  the  ancient  name  of  Carthage. 

Carthago  Nova,  the  ancient  name  of  Cartagena. 

Cart'mel,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  on 
Morocambe  Bay,  12  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Lancaster. 

Cartoogachayo,  township,  Macon  co.,  N.C.     P.  480. 

Cart'wright,  a  township  of  Sangamon  co.,  111.  Pop. 
1851.     It  contains  Pleasant  Plains  and  Richland. 

Cartwright,  a  post-village  of  Chippewa  co.,  Wis.,  23 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Chippewa  Falls,  It  has  3  churches. 
Pop.  about  400. 

Cartwright's,  a  post-office  of  Lane  co.,  Oregon. 

Cariipano,  ki-roo-pi'no,  a  seaport  town  of  Venezuela, 
state  and  57  miles  N.E.  of  Cumana,  within  a  few  miles  of 
Cariaco.  Lat.  10°  40'  N.;  Ion.  63°  22'  W,  A  battery  on 
an  eminence  defends  the  port.  It  has  a  good  roadstead,  a 
light-house,  and  a  wharf.     Pop,  5000, 

Carusa,  the  ancient  name  of  Gherzeh, 

Caruthersville,  ka-ru'TH^rz-vTl,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Pemiscot  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  125  miles  below 
Cairo,  111,     It  is  a  shipping-point  for  corn,  cotton,  <fec. 

Carvalho,  kaR-vil'yo,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  at 
the  foot  of  a  mountain  of  the  same  name,  16  miles  S.E.  of 
Coimbra.     Pop.  1420. 

Carvar,  a  town  of  India.    See  Carwar, 

Car'ver,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  Minnesota, 
has  an  area  of  about  370  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
S.E.  by  the  Minnesota  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the 
South  Fork  of  Crow  River.  'The  surface  is  undulating,  and 
is  diversified  by  prairies  and  many  small  lakes.  About  half 
of  it  is  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  ash.  elm,  oak,  and 
sugar-maple  abound.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian 
corn,  oats,  hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Hastings  &  Dakota  Railroad.  Capital, 
Chaska,  Pop.  in  1870,  11,586;  in  1880,  14,140;  in  1890, 
16,632. 

Carver,  a  post-township  of  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  about 
20  miles  N.N.E.  of  New  Bedford.  It  has  5  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  cranberry  barrels,  kegs,  &c.     Pop.  994. 

Carver,  a  post-village  of  Carver  co.,  Minn.,  is  on  the 
Minnesota  River,  and  on  the  Minneapolis  &  St.  Louis  and 
Hastings  <fe  Dakota  Railroads,  23  miles  S.W.  of  Minneapolis, 
and  2  miles  above  Chaska.  A  short  branch  railroad  con- 
nects it  with  the  Chicago  <fe  Omaha  City  Railroad  at  Mer- 
riam.  It  is  in  a  small  township  of  the  same  name.  Steam- 
boats ply  between  this  place  and  St,  Paul.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  brick-yards,  and  a  money-order  post- 
office.     Pop.  625. 

Carver's  Creek,  township,  Bladen  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  996. 

Carver's  Harbor,  a  village  of  Knox  co..  Me.,  on  an 
island  in  Penobscot  Bay,  about  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Rockland. 

Car'versville,  a  post-village  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  in 
Solebury  township,  nearly  2  miles  from  the  Delaware  River, 
and  32  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  coach-factory. 

Car'verton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Kingston  township,  2  miles  from  Wyoming  Railroad  Sta- 
tion.   It  has  a  church. 


Car'ville's  Station,  a  station  on  the  Queen  Anne  d 
Kent  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Ccntreville,  Md. 

Carvin-J^pinay,  kaR^&No'-i^pee'nd,',  a  town  of 
France,  Pas-de- Calais,  on  a  railway,  20  miles  N,N.E.  of 
Arras.    Pop.  6546.    It  has  manufactures  of  sugar  and  starch. 

Carvoeiro,  or  Peniche.    See  Cape  Carvoeiro. 

Carhvar',  a  town  of  British  India,  presidency  of  Mad- 
ras, at  the  mouth  of  the  Cauly  River  in  the  Indian  Ocean, 
60  miles  S.S.E.  of  Goa.  In  former  times  it  was  an  im- 
portant seat  of  commerce.     Pop.  13,263. 

Ca'ry,  a  post-village  of  Sharkey  co..  Miss.,  7  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Rolling  Fork.  It  has  4  churches,  2  academic.-, 
and  manufactures  of  cotton.     Pop.  about  500. 

Cary,  a  post-village  of  Wake  co.,  N.C,  8  miles  by  rail 
W.  of  Raleigh,  It  contains  a  high  school,  2  churches,  and 
a  mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  423, 

Cary,  a  village  of  Ohio.     See  Carey, 

Cary  Cut,  a  station  in  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Boston  &  Albany  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Boston. 

Ca'rysfoot  Island,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  is  a  coral 
reef  encircling  a  lagoon,  in  lat.  20°  44'  S.,  Ion.  138°  22'  W. 

Ca'rysfort,  Macred'din,  or  Moycree'din,  a  town 
of  Ireland,  co.  of  Wicklow,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Rathdrum. 

Ca'rysfort  Reef,  a  coral  reef  off  the  S.  point  of 
Florida,  lat.  25°  13'  15"  N.,  Ion,  80°  12'  45"  W.,  with  a 
light-house  112  feet  high, 

Cary  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  McHenry  co..  111., 
near  Fox  River,  12  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Woodstock.  Pop. 
100, 

Ca'rysville,  a  post-village  of  Champaign  co.,  0.,  in 
Adams  township,  6  miles  N.N.W.  of  St.  Paris  Railroad 
Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Carytena,  ki-re-tce'ni,  a  village  of  Greece,  in  Arcadia, 
17  miles  W.  of  Tripolitza,  near  the  Carbonaro. 

Ca'rytown,  a  hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y.,  5  miles 
from  Esperance. 

Ca'ryville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Bellingham  township,  on  the  Boston,  Hartford  <fc  Erie  Rail- 
road, 28  miles  S.W,  of  Boston,     It  has  a  satinet-factory. 

Caryville,  or  Cary,  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.    See  Oakfield. 

Caryville,  or  Careyville,  a  post-village  of  Campbell 
CO.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Knoxville  &  Ohio  Railroad,  38  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Knoxville,  and  3  miles  from  Jacksborough, 
Coal  is  mined  near  this  place.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill, 
and  general  stores. 

Casa,  kas'a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co..  Ark.,  15  miles 
(direct)  W,  of  Perryville,  the  capital  of  the  county.  It  has 
a  saw-mill. 

Casaba,  ki-si'bi,  Cassaba,  or  Kassaba,  k3.s-E&'bil, 
a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  30  miles  (by  railway  63  miles)  N.E. 
of  Smyrna.  It  has  two  handsome  mosques  and  a  bazaar. 
It  is  renowned  for  its  pears  and  melons,  which,  with  cotton, 
raw  silk,  and  cotton  manufactures,  compose  its  principal 
exports.     Pop.  12,000. 

Casaba,  Cassaba,  or  Kassaba,  a  town  of  Asia 
Minor,  54  miles  S.S.E.  of  Konieh.  It  is  enclosed  by  ruin- 
ous walls,  is  mostly  built  of  stone,  has  a  good  bazaar,  and 
presents  many  traces  of  former  prosperity, 

Casablanca,  a  town  of  Morocco,     See  Dar-al-Baida, 

Casa  Blanca,  kS.'s3,  blin'ki,  a  hamlet  or  settlement  of 
Goliad  CO.,  Tex.,  44  miles  from  Victoria.     It  has  2  churches. 

Casa  Branca,  kk'sk  brin'ki,  a  town  and  railway 
junction  of  Portugal,  in  Alemtejo,  49  miles  S.AV.  of  Estre- 
moz.  There  is  another  place  of  this  name,  17  miles  N.W. 
of  Estremoz. 

Casa  Branca,  kk'^L  brd.n'k&,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state 
and  100  miles  N.  of  Sao  Paulo.     Pop.  3000. 

Casa  Branca,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state  of  Minas- 
Geraes.     Pop.  2000. 

Casacalenda,  ki-si-ki-15n'di,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  18  miles  N.E.  of  Campobasso.  It  has  3  churches, 
one  of  which  is  in  Tuscan  style,  and  a  convent.     Pop.  6248. 

Casaccia,  ki-sit'chi  (Ger.  KasUtsch,  ki-sdtch'),  a 
village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Grisons,  S.  of  Mount  Sep- 
timer,  and  13  miles  N.E.  of  Chiavenna.     Pop.  80. 

Cas'ady's  Corner,  a  post-office  of  Webster  co.,  Iowa. 

Casaida,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Ita. 

Casalanguida,  ki-s4-lin'gwe-di,  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  of  Chieti,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Vasto.     Pop.  3026. 

Casal  Bellotto,  kil-sil'  b6l-lot'to,  a  town  of  It.ily,  in 
Lombardy,  23  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cremona.     Pop.  1340. 

Casal  Bordino,  k5,-sil'  boR-dee'no,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Chieti,  7  miles  N.W,  of  Vasto.     Pop.  4745, 

Casal  Bore,  ki-s&l'  bo'rA,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Avellino,  7  miles  N,W,  of  Ariano.     Pop.  2333. 

Casal  Borgone,  ki-sir  boR-go'ni,  a  town  of  Italy, 
14  mUes  E.N.E.  of  Turin.     Pop,  2476, 


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812 


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Catnl  Battano,  k&-«&r  boot-tJL'no,  a  town  of  Italj, 
In  Lombanly,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cremona.     Pop.  3932. 

Casal  Cipriani,  k&-s&r  ohe-pre-&'nee,  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  and  64  milea  W.  of  Campobnmo.  Pop.  1790. 

Casnl  di  Principe,  k&-8&l'  doe  nrin'cho-pi,  a  town 
of  Italy,  province  and  U  milos  S.W.  o»  Cnscrta.     P.  3529. 

Cnsal  Duui,  k&-s&r  doo'noc,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  21  miles  S.  of  Campobosso.     Pop.  25I&. 

CasalOf  kil-8&'l&  (anc.  Bodineom'agut  f),  a  town  of 
Italy,  in  Alcsutandria,  at  a  railway  junction,  on  the  ri);ht 
blink  of  the  Po,  IS  miles  N.N.W.  of  Alessandria.  The  citadel, 
founded  in  1590  by  Duke  Viconzo,  was  one  of  the  strongest 
in  Italy.  The  castle  or  palace  is  still  standing,  but  the 
ramparts  have  been  converted  into  promenades,  and  the 
defences  are  now  insignificant.  The  cathedral  is  said  to 
hare  been  founded  in  742.  There  are  several  (xther  churches, 
a  seminary,  convents,  two  hospitals,  an  orphan  hospital, 
oollege,  public  library,  theatre,  corn  magazine^  several  silk- 
spinning-mills,  a  parade,  and  a  public  garden.  The  trade  of 
the  town  is  inconsiderable.  Casalo  is  the  seat  of  a  bishop. 
It  was  the  capital  of  the  ancient  marquisato  or  duchy  of 
Montferrat.     Pop.  27,5U. 

Casale,  a  village  of  Italy,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Treviso. 
Pop.  2803. 

Casale  Corte  Cerro,  ki-sl'li  kon'ti  chfin'ro,  a  town 
of  Italy,  province  of  Novara,  on  the  Strona.     Pop.  2145. 

Casale  dclla  Trinity,  kd-s&'ld  ddl'li  tree-nce-tS,',  or 
Trinitapoli,  tree-nee-ti'po-Icc,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Foggia,  on  Lake  Salpi,  25  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Foggia. 
There  are  salt-works  in  the  neighborhood.     Pop.  6648. 

Casale  di  Lecce,  k3,-s&'ld  dee  Idt'chd,  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  and  34  miles  S.S.E.  of  Aquila.     Pop.  1158. 

Casale  lo  Sturno,  kA-sA'ld  lo  stooR'no,  a  town  of 
Italy,  in  Avellino,  1  mile  N.E.  of  Frigento.     Pop.  2403. 

Casale  Nuovo,  kA-s.Vli  noo-o'vo,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Pisa,  16  miles  N.  of  Campiglia.     Pop.  1097. 

Casal  Maggiorc,  ki-sAl'  mid-jo'ri,  a  town  of  Italy, 
22  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cremona,  on  the  Po.  Pop.,  with  com- 
mune, 16,090.  It  has  manufactures  of  glass,  earthenware, 
and  cream  of  tartar. 

Casalnocctto,  ki-sil-no-chit'to,  a  village  of  Italy,  6 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Tortona.     Pop.  1283. 

Casalnovo,  k&s&l-no'vo,  or  Casalnnovo,  k&-s&l- 
noo-o'vo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Calabria,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Ni- 
castro,  near  the  Savuto.     Pop.  1610. 

Casalnuovo,  ki-sil-noo-o'vo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Cala- 
bria, 14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Castrovillari,  near  the  Gulf  of 
Taranto.     Pop.  2000. 

Casalnuovo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  6  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Naples.     Pop.  3706. 

Casal  nuoTO,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Foggia,  15 
miles  S.W.  of  San  Severo.     Pop.  3342. 

Casal-Pustcrlengo,  ki-sil'-poos-t5n-18n'go,  a  town 
of  Italy,  province  of  Milan,  at  a  railway  junction,  13  miles 
S.E.  of  Lodi,  on  the  Brembiolo.  It  has  manufactures  of 
linen,  silk  goods,  and  earthenware,  and  a  trade  in  Par- 
mesan cheese,  which  is  here  made.     Pop.  6207. 

Casaltrinith.    See  Casale  della  Trinita. 

Casalvecchio,  kJ,-sill-v6k'ke-o,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Foggia.     Pop.  2144. 

Casaivecchio,  a  village  of  Sicily,  on  a  mountain,  23 
miles  S.W.  of  Messina.     Pop.  2446. 

Casalvieri,  ki-sil-ve-d'rce,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Cascrta,  7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Sora.     Pop.  4332. 

Casamanza,  ki-si-min'zi,  or  Cazamnnce,  k&'z^^- 
m&sss',  a  river  of  Scnegambia,  enters  the  Atlantic  60  miles 
S.  of  the  Gambia  Kivcr.  On  the  N.  side  of  its  entrance,  at 
Carabane,  the  French  have  a  trading-station. 

Casamarciano,  ki-sS,-maii-chi'no,  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  of  Caserta,  li  miles  N.E.  of  Nola.     Pop.  1824. 

Casamassima,  ki-s^-mis'se-mi,  a  town  of  Italy,  13 
miles  S.  of  Bari.     Pop.  6553. 

Casamicciola,  k&-s4-mit-cho'IJl,  a  town  of  Italy,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Pozzuoli,  at  the  foot  of  Mont'  Epomeo.  Pop. 
3953.     It  has  thermal  springs  and  baths. 

Casan,  a  government  in  Russi.a.    See  Kazan. 

Casanare,  k&-8&-n&'r4,  a  river  of  the  republic  of 
Colombia,  issues  in  the  mountains  of  Chita,  and,  after  an 
E.  course  of  about  180  miles  through  immense  plains,  falls 
into  the  Meta  a  little  E.  of  the  confluence  of  the  Chire, 
lat.  5°  58'  N.     It  is  navigable  for  small  craft. 

Casanare,  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Colombia,  on  the 
above  river,  in  the  department  of  Boyacd.  Lat.  5°  56'  N. ; 
Ion.  71°  50'  W.     Pop.  900,  chiefly  Indians. 

Casanare,  a  name  formerly  given  to  a  territory  of  the 
republic  of  Colombia,  extending  from  the  E.  slope  of  the 
Andes  to  the  Orinoco. 


Casandrino,  k&-s&n-dree'no,   a  villago  of  It&lr   g 
miles  N.  of  Naples.     Pop.  2628. 
Casanova,  kil-sl-no'vA,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 

2  miles  N.W.  of  Caserta.     Pop.  4823. 
Casano'va,  a  jtost-oflice  of  Fauquier  oo.,  Xn. 
Cnsnpiilla,  ki-ci -pool'lA,  a  town  of  Italy,  3  milesN.W. 

of  Caserta,  on  the  road  to  Capua.     Pop.  2845, 

Casarabonela,  k&-s&'r&-bo-n&'l)l,  a  town  of  Spain. 
29  miles  W.N.W.  of  Malago.     Pop.  about  4000.  ^^ 

Casarano,  kA-sl-ri'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Leccc,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Gallipoli.     Pop.  4358. 

Casar  de  Caccres,  k&'san  dh,  k&'thd-r£s,  a  town  of 
Spain,  10  milos  N.N.W.  of  Caceres.  Pop.  4510,  employed 
in  linen-weaving  and  manufactures  of  leather. 

Casares,  ki'sl-rfis,  a  town  of  Spain,  62  miles  W.8.W. 
of  Malaga.  It  has  manufactures  of  leather  and  brandy 
Pop.  4500. 

Casarichc,  ki-sft-ree'chi,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Anda- 
lusia, 52  miles  E.  of  Seville,  on  the  Yeguas.     Pop.  2120. 

Casarza,  kl-sand'zi,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Genoa,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Chiavari.     Pop.  2555. 

Casas  de  Ibaflcz,ki'8&s  di  ee-bin'yith,  a  town  of 
Spain,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Albacete.     Pop.  1910. 

Casas  de  Millan,  k&'f&s  ilk  mcel-yin',  a  village  of 
Spain,  in  Estremadura,  20  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Caceres,  on  tbo 
right  bank  of  the  Tagus.     Pop.  1437. 

Casas  de  Ves,  kd'sls  di  vds,  a  town  of  Spain,  32 
miles  N.E.  of  Albaccte,  on  the  Gabriel.     Pop.  1720. 

Casas  Grandes,  ki'sis  grin'dia,  a  town  of  Mexico, 
state  of  Chihuahua,  35  miles  S.  of  Llanos,  surrounded  by 
ruins.     Present  pop.  about  3000. 

Casfttch,  a  town  of  Switzerland.     Sec  Casaccia. 

Casate-Nuovo,  kl-si'ti-noo-o'vo,  a  village  of  Italy, 
18  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Milan.     Pop.  2682. 

Casbeen,  or  Casbin,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Kasdim 

Cascade,  kas-kad'  a  central  county  of  Montana,  S.  of 
Choteau  co.  Area,  2600  square  miles.  Its  surface  is  moun- 
tainous, and  well  watered  by  the  Missouri  River,  which 
intersects  it  from  N.E.  to  S.W.  The  Great  Falls  &  Canaila 
and  the  Great  Northern  &,  Montana  Central  Railroads 
traverse  it.     Capital,  Great  Falls.     Pop.  in  1890,  8755. 

Cascade,  a  station  in  Nevada  co.,  Cal.,  among  the  Sier- 
ras, on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  20  miles  W.  of  Truckee. 

Cascade,  a  post-village  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa,  on 
Beaver  Creek,  about  24  miles  S.W.  of  Dubuque.  It  has 
5  churches,  a  bank,  public  schools,  a  newspaper  office, 
roller-mill,  a  brewery,  3  butter-factories,  and  a  plough- 
factory.     Pop.  955. 

Cascade,  a  station  in  Antrim  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Omnd 
Rapids  A  Indiana  Railroad,  34  uiiles  S.  by  W.  from  Petoskey. 

Cascade,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  on  Thorn- 
apple  River,  3  miles  from  Ada  Station,  and  10  miles  S.E. 
of  Grand  Rapids.     It  has  water-power  and  a  saw-mill. 

Cascade,  a  post-village  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minn.,  22 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Redwing,  and  2  miles  N.E.  of  Stanton 
Station.  It  has  several  church  organizations,  and  roller- 
and  flour-mills.     Pop.  100. 

Cascade,  a  post-village  of  Cascade  co.,  Montana,  57 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Fort  Benton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Cascade,  a  post-oflSce  and  station  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.T., 
on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  13  miles  S.  of  Auhurn. 

Cascade,  a  township  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.     Pop.  595. 

Cascade,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va.,  20 
miles  W.  of  Danville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  3 
tobacco-factories,  <tc.     Pop.  about  100. 

Cascade,  a  post-village  of  Sheboygan  co..  Wis.,  in 
Lyndon  township,  on   Milwaukee  River,  near  its  source, 

3  miles  from  Waldo  Railroad  Station,  and  about  44  miles 
N.  by  W.  from  Milwaukee.  It  has  3  churches,  2  flour- 
mills,  a  cheese-factory,  2  hotels,  <ic.     Pop.  253. 

Cascade  Junction,  a  station  in  Marquette  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  19  miles  S.E.  of 
Negaunee,  at  the  junction  of  a  branch  extending  to  the 
Cascade  Mines. 

Cascade  Range,  a  long  and  lofty  mountain-range 
of  Oregon  and  Washington,  extends  in  a  N.  and  S.  direc- 
tion, nearly  parallel  with  the  Pacific  coast.  It  is  con- 
tinuous or  connected  with  the  Sierra  Nevada  of  California. 
The  distance  between  this  range  and  the  Pacific  Ocean  is 
about  no  miles  in  Oregon,  and  from  120  to  160  miles  in 
Washington  Territory.  Among  the  highest  peaks  are 
Mount  Hood,  Mount  Jefi"erson,  Mount  Pitt,  Mount  Baker, 
Mount  Rainier  or  Takoma,  and  Mount  St.  Helen's.  The 
flirst  three  are  in  Oregon,  and  the  others  in  Washington. 
According  to  Whitney,  Mount  Hood  is  11,934  feet  high,  and 
Mount  St.  Helen's  is  said  to  rise  12,000  feet  above  the  sea- 
level.     Lava  abounds  in  this  range,  which  appears  to  1>« 


CAS 


813 


CAS 


lomposed  chiefly  of  volcanic  and  igneous  rocks.  It  is  ex- 
lensively  covered  with  forests  of  good  timber,  including  the 
lir  and  pine.  The  Columbia  River  passes  through  this 
iange  (near  its  middle)  by  a  series  of  rapids  and  cascades 
!,t  the  Dalles.  Magnificent  and  picturesque  scenery  abounds 
mong  these  mountains,  the  name  of  which  is  derived  from 
he  cascades  of  the  Columbia  River. 

!  Cascades,  kas-kadz',  a  post- village,  capital  of  Skamania 
o.  Washington,  is  on  the  north  bank  of  the  Columbia  River, 
,bout  160  miles  from  its  mouth.  Here  are  falls  or  rapids 
fhich  obstruct  the  navigation  of  the  river.  Passing  through 
he  Cascade  Range,  the  river  is  here  contracted  into  a  chan- 
liel  about  200  feet  wide. 
'   Cascade  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y. 

Cascaes,  kds-kS,'ds,  almost  kis-ki'fings,  a  town  of  Por- 
'u^ai,  in  Estremadura,  on  the  Atlantic,  15  miles  AV.  of  Lis- 
)on.     Pop.  2500. 

'    Cascante,   kis-kln'ti   fane.   Caacan'tum),  a  town  of 
.'>pain,  in  Navarre,  53  miles  S.  of  Pamplona.     Pop.  3913. 
'    Cascavel,  kis-k3,-v5l',  a  town  of  Brazil,  near  the  Serra 
Pasciivel.  state  and  40  miles  S.W.  of  Ceard.     Pop.  8960. 

Casc'ajki'shi,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Umbria,  13  miles  E. 
)f  Spoleto.     Pop.  4735. 

Casciano,  a  village  of  Italy.    See  San  Casciano. 

Casciano  dei  Bagni.  See  San  Casciano  dei  Bagni. 

1  Cascina,  ki-shee'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  on 
|;lie  Arno,  8  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Pisa.  It  has  manu- 
I'actures  of  cotton  and  linen  goods.     Pop.  1970. 

!  Cas'co,  a  post-township  of  Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  about 
)lb  miles  N.W.  of  Portland,  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  Sebago 
Lake.  It  contains  a  hamlet  named  Casco,  and  has  2 
Ijhurches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  &o.  Pop.  998. 
i  Casco,  a  township  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  1219. 
|The  name  of  its  post-office  is  West  Casco. 

Casco,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  St.  Clair  co., 
;.Mich.,  about  32  miles  N.N.E.  of  Detroit.     Pop.  1976.     The 
[bamlet  is  about  3  miles  from  Columbus  Railroad  Station. 
'    Casco,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co..  Mo. 
!    Casco,  a  post-township  of  Kewaunee  co.,  AVis.,  about 
fl4  miles  E.  of  the  city  of  Green  Bay.     Pop.  1399. 
i     Casco,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kewaunee  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
■Kewaunee  River,  in  Pierce  township,  20  miles  E.  of  the 
,city  of  Green  Bay,     It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  planing-mill. 
■     Casco  Bay  is  on  the  coast  of  Maine,  and  forms  tho  S.E. 
boundary  of  Cumberland  co.     The  city  of  Portland  is  on 
this  bay,  which  extends  about  20  miles  northeastward  from 
•  that  place.     The  number  of  little  islands  in  this  bay  is  said 
'  to  be  300  or  more. 

Casco  Pier,  a  hamlet  of  Kewaunee  co..  Wis.,  in  Pierce 
township,  on  Lake  Michigan,  27  miles  E.  of  Green  Bay.  It 
:  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Cascumpeque,  Prince  Edward  Island.  See  Alex- 
andria. 

Caselle,  ki-sSl'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Turin,  on  the  Stura.  It  has  manufactures  of  silk  twist  and 
paper.     Pop.  3880. 

Caselle,  a  town  of  Italy,  6i  miles  S.W.  of  Lodi. 
Pop.  1064. 

Caselle  Landi,  ki-sJl'li  lin'dee,  a  village  of  Italy, 
in  Lombardy,  19  miles  S.E.  of  Lodi.     Pop.  2595. 

Caselliua,  ki-sfil-lee'ni,  a  suburb  of  Florence,  Italy, 

2  miles  W.  of  tho  city.     Pop.  of  district,  13,942. 
Caseneuil,  a  town  of  France.     See  Casseneuxl. 
Casenovia,  Michigan.     See  Ca.snovia. 
Caserta,  ki-sSu'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta., 

\  at  a  railway  junction,  17  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Naples,  and  6 
!  miles  S.E.  of  Capua.  Pop.  29,451.  It  has  numerous  churches, 
'  a  hospital,  a  military  school,  and  fine  barracks;  its  princi- 
pal edifices  are  a  royal  palace  and  an  aqueduct,  both  con- 
'  Btructed  by  Vanvitelli  for  Charles  III.  The  palace  is  one 
■  of  the  most  magnificent  royal  residences  in  Europe,  and 
:  comprises  a  chapel,  and  a  large  theatre,  decorated  with 
columns  from  an  ancient  temple  of  Serapis.  The  park  is 
\  of  vast  extent.  The  gardens  are  supplied  with  water  con- 
'  veyed  by  a  fine  aqueduct  from  Airola,  nearly  27  miles  dis- 
j  tant.  Near  Caserta  is  the  silk-factory  of  St.  Lencio,  which 
j  produces  the  fabric  called  gros  de  Najyleg, 
;  Caserta  Vecchia,  ki-s5it'tS,  vfik'ke-i  ("Old  Caserta"),  is 
1  a  small  town,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Caserta.  Pop.  1200.  It  is  a 
I  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  cathedral  and  an  episcopal  palace. 

Caserta,  formerly  Terra  di  Lavoro,  tfin'ni  dee 

I  11-vo'ro,  a  fertile  province  of  Italy,  the  ancient  Campania 

Felix,  bounded  S.W.  by  the  Mediterranean.     Area,  2307 

square  miles.    It  produces  much  corn,  oil,  wine,  and  silk. 

Capital,  Capua.     Pop.  in  1871,  697,403;  in  1881,  714,131. 

Casevel,  ki-si-v51',  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Alemtejo, 

j  80  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Beja. 


Case'ville,  a  post-village  of  Huron  co.,  Mich.,  is  in 
Casevilie  township,  on  Saginaw  Bay,  at  the  mouth  of 
Pigeon  River,  48  miles  N.E.  of  Bay  City.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  4  lumber-mills,  a  blast- 
furnace, and  several  salt-works.  It  has  a  good  harbor. 
Pop.  508;  of  the  township,  1193. 

Ca'sey,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Kentucky, 
has  an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  Green  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  mostly  covered 
with  forests.  Indian  corn,  pork,  and  oats  are  the  staple 
products.  Part  of  the  eastern  portion  of  the  county  is 
traversed  by  the  Cincinnati  A  Kentucky  Southern  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Liberty.  Pop.  in  1870,  8884;  in  1880, 
10,983;  in  1890,  11,848. 

Casey  (local  pron.  ki'ze),  a  post-village  of  Clark  co., 
111.,  35  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Terre  Haute.  It  has  6 
churches,  2  banks,  a  public  school,  and  2  newspaper  offices. 
Pop.  844. 

Ca'sey,  a  post-village  of  Guthrie  co.,  Iowa,  in  Thomp- 
son township,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 52  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Des  Moines.  It  has  3 
churches,  2  banks,  a  graded  school,  manufactures  of  cigars, 
fences,  and  patent  gates,  and  a  newspaper  office.    Pop.  452. 

Casey  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adair  co.,  Ky.,  15 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Columbia,  the  capital  of  the  county.  It 
has  several  stores.     Pop.  932. 

Ca'seyville,  a  post-village  of  St.  Clair  co..  111.,  on  the 
Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
It  has  a  church.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Caseyville,  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  about  60  miles  above  Paducah,  and  35  miles  by 
land  S.W.  of  Henderson.  It  has  a  bank,  a  high  school,  5 
churches,  and  manufactories  of  flour  and  tobacco.     P.  750. 

Caseyville,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co,  Miss.,  l.'i 
miles  N.W.  of  Brookhaven.     Pop.  200. 

Cashan,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Kashan. 

Casheen'  Bay,  Ireland,  co.  of  Qalway,  is  on  the  W. 
side  of  the  island  of  Garomna. 

Cash'el,  a  city  of  Ireland,  co.  and  13  miles  E.  by  N. 
of  Tipperary,  and  49  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cork.  It  stands  in  the 
centre  of  a  rich  agricultural  district,  at  the  foot  of  the  Rock 
of  Cashel,  a  limestone  height,  on  which  is  a  most  interesting 
assemblage  of  ruins,  consisting  of  a  round  tower,  a  chapel 
of  Saxon  and  Norman  architecture,  the  ancient  cathedral, 
a  castellated  palace,  and  the  ruins  of  an  abbey.  Principal 
edifices,  the  cathedral  and  parish  church,  nunnery,  Roman 
Catholic  and  other  chapels,  the  infirmary,  hospital,  national 
school,  town  commissioner's  house,  court-house,  barracks, 
and  the  archbishop's  palace,  containing  a  good  library. 
Cashel  is  the  see  of  a  Catholic  archbishop  and  an  Anglican 
bishop.     Pop.  4562. 

Cash'el,  or  Crosby's  Corners,  apost-village  in  York 
CO.,  Ontario,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Richmond  Hill.     Pop.  100. 

Cashgar,  Chinese  Toorkistan.     See  Kashgau. 

Cash'ie,  a  small  river  of  North  Carolina,  flows  S.E. 
through  Bertie  CO.,  and  enters  Roanoke  River  about  10  miles 
from  its  mouth.     It  is  navigable  for  sloops  to  Windsor. 

Cash'iers,  a  post-township  of  Jackson  co.,  N.C.  P.  509. 

Cashmere,  Kashmir,  Kachemir,  or  Cache- 
mire,  kish-meer',  written  alsoKaschemir  and  Kach- 
mir,  a  country  of  India,  comprised  between  lat.  33°  27' 
and  34°  37'  N.  and  Ion.  74°  30'  and  76°  14'  E.  Area  of 
Cashmere  proper,  estimated  at  4500  square  miles ;  but  lat- 
terly the  name  is  frequently  applied  to  the  whole  of  the 
Gholab  Singh  dominions,  including  Cashmere  proper,  Bulti, 
Ladakh  (or  Western  Thibet),  Gilghit,  Punch,  and  Jummoo. 
The  sovereign  is  called  the  "  Maharajah  of  Jummoo  and 
Cashmere."  Total  area,  77,900  square  miles.  It  is  gov- 
erned by  a  maharajah  under  British  supervision,  and  has  a 
total  pop.  of  2,516,740.  Cashmere  proper,  or  the  Vale  of 
Cashmere,  with  its  surrounding  mountains  (pop.  491,846), 
consists  mainly  of  an  extensive  valley  of  an  irregular  oval 
form,  lying  N."W.  and  S.E.,  from  5500  to  6000  feet  above  tho 
sea,  and  surrounded  on  all  sides  by  lofty  mountains,  second- 
ary ranges  of  the  Himalayas.  The  alluvial  plain  in  the 
bottom  of  the  valley  is  estimated  at  75  miles  long  by  40 
miles  broad.  The  mountain-range  which  encloses  the  val- 
ley is,  on  the  N.,  called  the  Durawur  and  Kuhiama  Moun- 
tains; N.E.,  the  Haramuk  and  Sonamurg  Mountains;  E., 
the  snowy  Panjal;  S.,  the  Futi  Panjal  and  Panjal  of  Bani- 
hal;  and  W.,  the  Pir  Panjal.  Excepting  S.W.  of  the 
capital,  Scrinagur,  their  summits  appear  to  be  covered  with 
perpetual  snow.  The  highest  peak  seems  to  be  the  Pir  Pan- 
jal, 15,000  feet  high,  on  the  S.W.  boundary  of  the  valley: 
and  on  the  N.E.  the  Haramuk  is  13,000  feet.  Iron  has 
been  found  abundantly,  imbedded  in  limestone ;  lead  is 
worked,  and  copper  is  known  to  exist  in  the  valley.    Plum- 


CAS 


814 


CAS 


bago  ftboands  in  the  Pir  Panjal ;  exoollont  limostone  exists 
in  the  form  of  fine  black  marble.  The  valley  is  entered  by 
passes,  which  are  praotioablo  for  horses,  but  none  of  them 
(or  wheeled  oarriagos.  The  most  important  aro  the  Dara- 
inula  and  Punch,  on  the  W.  frontier,  the  latter  8600  feet 
hi^h,  Bunihal,  on  the  S.,  9090  feet,  and  Nabog,  on  the  £., 
all  practiouble  at  all  so:i8ons  of  the  year.  Cashmere  is 
watered  by  the  Jhylum  or  Uohut,  which,  rising  in  the  moun- 
tains of  the  S.E.  frontier,  flows  N.W.  through  the  centre 
of  the  valley,  receiving  numerous  streams  from  both  sides. 
The  prinoiiMtl  lakes  aro  the  Dal  or  City  Lake  (Lake  of  Cash- 
mere), close  by  the  capital,  6  miles  long  by  4  miles  broad ;  the 
ManoKu  Ihil;  and  the  Great  Wulur  Lake,  which  is  merely 
a  shallow  expansion  of  the  Jhylum,  20  miles  long  by  9 
miles  broad.  The  smaller  lakes  are  Opun  and  Wusikara,  and 
numerous  small  expanses  of  water  in  the  mountains.  The 
whole  of  the  valley  is  thus  most  admirably  supplied  with 
the  means  of  irrigation. 

The  soil  is  in  general  exceedingly  fertile.  Rice  is  the 
principal  orop,  the  returns  being  in  favorable  seasons  as 
uigh  as  fifty-  or  sixty-fold.  Wheat,  barley,  millet,  buck- 
wheat, and  maize  are  cultivated.  Great  quantities  of  saf- 
fron of  excellent  quality  are  exported.  Among  the  natural 
productions  the  most  valuable  is  the  Sliujhara,  or  water-nut, 
the  seed  of  Tntpa  bUpiimna,  on  which  the  poorer  inhabit- 
ants subsist.  It  grows  in  the  Wulur  Lake,  from  which 
about  60,000  tons  are  annually  taken.  The  principal  fruits 
are  apples,  pears,  plums,  cherries,  apricots,  <tc.  Among  the 
finest  trees  of  Cashmere  are  the  deodar,  or  Himalayan  oodar, 
the  chunar  {Platanua  on'enialis),  the  poplar,  and  tho  liino, 
all  of  which  attain  a  groat  size  and  luxuriance,  and  the 
chestnut-tree,  growing  to  a  size  far  exceeding  that  of  the 
American  variety.  Maple,  willow,  and  white  thorn  are 
oommon,  and,  on  the  mountains,  birch,  alder,  and  pino. 
Flowers  of  various  kinds  and  of  surpassing  beauty  grow 
everywhere  in  vast  profusion,  especially  roses. 

Cashmere  has  long  been  celebrated  for  its  shawls.  The  wool 
used  in  their  manufacture  is  of  two  kinds,  one  obtained  from 
the  tame  goat  and  the  other  from  the  wild  goat,  wild  sheep, 
and  other  wild  animals.  This  country  has  long  been  famous 
for  its  gun-  and  pistol-barrels.  Paper  and  leather  are  also 
manufactured,  both  of  superior  quality.  Lacquered  ware 
of  tho  most  beautiful  description  and  nicest  workmanship 
is  likewise  among  the  products  of  Cashmere ;  and  the  lapi- 
daries excel  in  tivste  and  skill.  The  attar  of  roses  made  in 
the  valley  is  considered  superior  to  any  other. 

The  greater  part  of  the  population  are  Mohammedans. 
In  physical  qualities  the  natives  of  Cashmere  excel  all  other 
branches  of  the  great  Indian  nation,  being  tall,  robust,  and 
handsomely  formed.  In  disposition  they  are  lively,  witty, 
and  good-humored.  Their  language  is  a  dialect  of  San- 
scrit, containing  a  large  admixture  of  Persian,  in  which  tho 
records  and  correspondence  of  government  are  written.  In 
1586,  Cashmere  was  subjugated  by  the  Emperor  Akbar,  and 
was  incorporated  in  his  empire.  The  Afghans  vanquished 
it  in  1752,  and  held  it  till  1819,  when  it  was  conquered  by 
the  Sikhs,  and  continued  under  the  dominion  of  the  Maha- 
rajah of  the  Punjab  till  1846,  since  which  period  it  has  been 
under  the  protection  of  the  British.  Tho  provinces  not 
included  in  the  valley  are  noticed  under  their  alphabetical 
heads. Adj.  and  inhab.  Cashmeuian,  kish-mee're-an. 

Cashmere,  capital  of  the  above.     See  Seui.nagur. 

Cash^mere',  orCanton,  apost-village  in  Middlesex 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  Thames,  4  miles  N.E.  of  both  well.  P.  100. 

Cash  Point,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Tcnn. 

Cash  River,  Illinois.    See  Cache. 

Cash's,  a  station  in  Chesterfield  co.,  S.C.,  on  the  Cheraw 
A  Darlington  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Darlington. 

Cash'town,  a  post- village  of  Adams  c«..  Pa.,  in  Frank- 
lin township,  8  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Gettysburg.     Pop.  100. 

Cnsh'up,  a  locality  in  Venango  co..  Pa.,  2  miles  N.E,  of 
Rouseville.     It  at  one  time  afforded  much  petroleum. 

Cash'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C.,  in 
Reedville  township. 

Casilinum,  the  ancient  name  of  Capua. 

Casino.    Sec  Monte  Casino. 

Casinum  Aquinium.    See  San  GEnwAyo. 

Casio  e  Casola,  ki'see-6  A  ki'so-li,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  29  miles  S.W.  of  Bologna.     Pop.  .SI 01. 

Cask'ets,  a  dangerous  group  of  rocks  in  the  English 
Chnnnel,  7  miles  W.  of  Alderney.  On  the  highest  is  a  light- 
house, in  lat.  49°  43'  N.,  Ion.  2°  22'  W. 

Cas'ky,  a  post-village  of  Christian  co.,  Ey.,  on  the 
Louisville  A  Nashville  Railroad,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Hopkins- 
ville.  It  has  4  churches,  an  academy,  a  nursery  garden,  2 
saw-mills,  a  flour-mill,  a  creamery,  and  several  stores  and 
Other  business  concerns.    Pop.  350 


Cas'nrr,  a  post-village  of  Macon  oo.,  III.,  0  miles  l 
mil  S.E.  of  Decatur. 

Ca«no'via,  a  post-village  on  the  borders  of  Murkegon 
and  Kent  counties,  Mich.,  22  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of 
Grand  Rapids,  and  22  miles  (direct)  E.  of  Munkegon.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  newnpnper  oflice,  Ac.     Pop.  350. 

Caso,  a  Turkish  island.     See  Caxo. 

Casola,  ki'so-li,  a  town  of  Italy,  3  miles  E.  of  Coitsl. 
a-Mare.     Pop.  2452. 

Casola,  a  village  of  Italy.    See  Casio  k  Casola. 

Casole,  k&'8o-l4,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  15 
miles  W.  of  Sienna.     Pop.  4374. 

Casoli,  k&'so-lee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Chioli 
on  a  mountain,  17  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chieti.     Pop.  6028. 

Ca'HOn,  a  post-bamlet  of  Boone  co.,  Ind.,  30  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Indianapolis. 

Cason,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morris  oo.,  Tex.,  .16  miles  by  rail 
W.N.W.  of  Jefferson.     It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  4o. 

Casorate,  k&-80-r&'t&,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Louibardy, 

11  miles  N.W.  of  Pavia.     Pop.  3447. 

Cnsoria,  ki-8o'ree-&,  a  town  of  Italy  6  miles  by  rail 
N.  of  Naples.  It  has  4  fine  churches.  Silk  is  produced 
in  the  neighborhood.     Pop.  9338. 

Cas'par,  a  post-village  of  Mendocino  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
sea-const,  75  miles  N.W.  of  Cloverdale.  It  has  a  harbor  fur 
schooners,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  206. 

Caspe,  kls'pi,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Sariigossa, 

12  miles  N.N.E.  of  AlcnRIz,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  (Junda- 
lupe,  near  its  confluence  with  the  Ebro.  It  has  pave<l  streets, 
a  handsome  Gothic  collegiate  church,  several  ciinpcli',  a 
town-hall  and  prison,  a  hospital,  and  several  public  foun- 
tains. It  has  manufactures  of  wine,  oil,  and  soii|),  and 
some  trade  in  grain  and  cattle,  but  the  mining  of  coal  and 
iron  is  the  chief  industry.     Pop.  9410. 

Cas'pcr,  a  post-town  of  Natrona  co.,  Wyoming,  46 
miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Douglns.  It  has  a  church,  3 
banks,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  544. 

Caspian  (kis'pe-an)  Sea  (anc.  Ma're  Cat'pium  vel 
Hijrca' Ilium  ;  Gr.  Kao-iri'a  &6.Ka<T<ia),  a  large  inland  sea  or 
salt  lake,  lying  between  Europe  and  Asia,  or,  more  precisely, 
between  lat.  36°  55'  and  47°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  46°  48'  and 
55°  25'  E.  Greatest  length  from  N.  to  S.,  760  miles ;  great- 
est breadth,  S.  part,  about  lat.  45°  N.,  270  miles;  narrowest 
part,  opposite  Cape  Apsheron,  150  miles.  Bounded  N.  ami 
W.  by  Russia  and  Persia,  E.  by  the  Kirgheez  steppe  and 
Khiva,  and  S.  by  Persia.  Area,  180,000  square  miles, 
draining  in  Europe  alone  an  extent  of  850,000  square  miles. 
Although  at  some  points  the  Caspian  attains  a  depth  of  51)0 
fathoms,  it  is  remarkable  for  its  shallowness  generally, 
especially  along  its  shores,  where  it  seldom  exceeds  3  feet 
for  a  distance  of  100  yards  from  the  land.  Its  E.  and  W. 
coasts,  particularly  the  former,  are  deeply  indented  with 
bays  and  gulfs,  while  the  southern  shores  are  almost  un- 
broken. The  principal  bays  on  the  eastern  side  are  Emba 
Bay,  Mertvoi  Gulf,  Karasoo  Inlet,  Manghishlak  Gulf,  Bay 
of  Alexander,  Kenderlinsk  Gulf,  Kara-Boghaz,  and  Bal- 
khan  Bay,  On  the  opposite  side  occur  the  Gulfs  of  Kizil 
Agrakhan  and  Kooma,  with  several  less  marked  indenta- 
tions; but  the  only  important  one  on  the  southern  coast  is 
Astrabad  Bay.  The  surface  of  the  Caspian  is  84  feet  below 
the  ocean-level. 

The  Caspian  contains  numerous  islands,  but  not  many  of 
any  great  extent,  Tho  largest  are  on  the  Asiatic  side,  the 
greatest  number  on  the  European,  particularly  about  the 
mouths  of  the  Volga  and  along  the  coasts  to  the  N.E.  and 
S.AV.  of  them,  where  they  lie  in  countless  numbers,  most  of 
them,  however,  being  mere  islets. 

The  waters  are  salt,  though  not  nearly  so  much  so  as  those 
of  the  ocean  ;  but  the  remarkable  landlocked  gulf  of  Kara- 
Boghaz  is  intensely  salt.  The  Caspian  has  no  tides  and  no 
outlets,  its  superfluous  waters  being  carried  off  solely  by 
evaporation.  In  the  region  of  the  Volga,  including  the 
territory  from  the  river  S.E.  to  the  Emba  and  S.W.  to  the 
left  bank  of  the  Soolak,  the  whole  seaboard  is  composed  of 
recent  alluvium  deposited  by  the  streams. 

Sturgeons  and  sterlets  are  caught  in  the  Caspian  in  great 
quantities;  and  there  are  also  salmon,  perch,  Silurus,  two 
kinds  of  carp,  and  porpoises.  Seals  abound  in  the  upi>cr 
coasts,  and  tortoises  between  the  mouths  of  the  Volga  and 
the  Ural.  The  mollusca  are  few  in  species.  The  chief 
fishery  for  sturgeon  is  at  and  near  Astrakhan.  Many  thou- 
sand persons  are  employed  in  tho  Russian  Upper  Cas)iian 
fisheries;  and  the  annual  amount  of  caviare  obtained  may 
be  stated  at  800,000  pounds,  besides  20,000  pounds  of  iiiin- 
glass,  the  produce  of  upwards  of  700,000  sturgeons.  Ths 
number  of  seals  annually  taken  is  nearly  100,000. 

The  only  porta  of  importance  on  the  Caspian  are  Astra- 


CAS 


815 


CAS 


;han  Derbend,  Bakoo,  Salian,  Balfurosh,  and  Astrabad.  The 
lavi^ation  is  at  all  times  difficult  and  often  perilous.  Steam- 
lackets  have  been  established,  and  there  is  a  Russian  naval 
orco  in  the  Caspian,  composed  of  19  vessels,  all  of  which 
iro  steamers. 

The  basin  of  the  Caspian  is  most  extensive  on  the  N.  and 
,\'.  from  which  it  receives  the  Ural,  the  Volga,  the  Terek, 
ho  Koor,  and  numerous  other  streams  of  less  note.  By 
neans  of  a  canal  cut  near  Tver,  in  Russia,  between  the  head- 
itroams  of  the  Volga  and  the  rivers  Tvertsa  and  Schiina, 
rater  communication  is  established  between  the  Caspian  and 
he  Baltic.  S.,  the  basin  of  the  sea  is  limited  by  the  El- 
jrooz  Mountains ;  and  E.  the  sandy  wastes  send  to  it  only 
'short  streams,  and  none  of  great  volume ;  though  on  this 
iiJc  it  evidently  at  one  time  received  the  Amoo  Darya,  now 
Sowing  into  the  Sea  of  Aral.  Indeed,  the  Caspian  and  Lake 
Aral  were  doubtless  at  one  period  united. 
;  The  notices  of  early  commerce  upon  or  by  way  of  the 
Caspian  are  few  and  uncertain,  but  communication  between 
jWestern  Europe  and    India  was  carried  on  partly  by  its 

! 'waters  about  the  middle  of  the  thirteenth  century. 
Caspii  Moutes.  See  Elbrooz  Mountains. 
Cass,  a  county  in  the  \Y.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an  area 
of  about  375  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
Sangamon  River,  and  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Illinois  River. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  very  fertile.  A  large 
I  portion  of  the  county  is  prairie,  and  it  has  extensive  tracts 
fof  woodland.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  live-stock  are 
)  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Springfield 
division  of  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  by  the  Jack- 
I  sonvillo  &  Southeastern,  the  Chicago,  Burlington  <fc  Quincy, 
S  and  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroads.  Capital,  Virginia. 
i  Pop.  in  1870,  11,580;  in  1880,  14,493;  in  1890,  15,963. 
j  Cass,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Indiana,  has 
I  an  area  of  about  420  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
I  Wabash  River,  and  also  drained  by  Eel  River  and  Deer 
I  Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  cov- 
'  ered  with  forests.  A  large  portion  of  the  county  is  prairie. 
'  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  grass,  Ac, 
I  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Wabash, 
■  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  <fc  St.  Louis,  and  the 
Terre  Haute  &  Indianapolis  Railroads,  all  of  which  pass 
I  through  Logansport,  the  capital.  Quarries  of  building-stone 

ihave  been  opened  in  this  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  24,193; 
in  1880,  27,6 1 1 ;  in  1890,  31,1 52. 
Cass,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an  araa 
of  676  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Nishnabatona 
I  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Nodaway  and  by  Turkey 
i  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating  ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  In- 
:  dian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products. 
•  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  & 
\   Pacific  Railroad,  while  the  Burlington  <fc  Quincy  operates 

iover  a  portion  of  its  eastern  section.     Capital,  Atlantic. 
Pop.  in  1870,  6464;  in  1880,  16,943;  in  1890,  19,645. 
Cass,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Michigan,  bordering 
on  Indiana,  has  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.     It  is 
drained  by  the  St.  Joseph  and  Dowagiao  Rivers.    The  sur- 
j    face  is  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies,  oak 
j    openings,  and  forests  of  the  ash,  beech,   hickory,  sugar- 
j    maple,  oak,  &c.     The  forests  occupy  about  one-third  of  the 
'    county.    The  soil  is  fertile.    Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay, 
j    and  pork  are  the  staple  products.     It  is  intersected  by  two 
divisions  of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  by  the  Grand 
1    Trunk  Railway,  and,  in  its  extreme  S.W.,  by  the  Cincia- 
j    nati,  Wabash  &  Michigan  Railroad.     Capital,  Cassopolis. 
i    Pop.  in  1870,  21,094;  in  1880,  22,009;  in  1890,  20,953. 
!        Cass,  a  large  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Minne- 
Bota.    The  Mississippi  River,  rising  on  the  N.W.  border  of 
I     the  county,  and  making  a  great  d6tour,  flowing  through 
'■     Lakes  Cass  and  Winnibigodshish,  forms  its  boundary  on 
i     the  N.,  the  N.E.,  and  the  S.E.     It  is  also  bounded  on  the 
j     S.  by  the  Crow  Wing  River,  and  comprises  numerous  lakes, 
the  largest  of  which  is  Leech  Lake,  about  23  miles  long. 
Lumber  is  one  of  the  chief  products  of  this  county.     The 
Northern  Pacific  Railroad  passes  along  the  southern  border. 
Pop.  in  1870,  380;  in  1880,  486;  in  1890,  1247. 

Cass,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Missouri,  bordering  on 
Kansas,  has  an  area  of  about  680  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  Grand  River,  which  forms  part  of  its  southern 
boundary,  by  the  Big  Creek,  and  several  of  its  other  afflu- 
ents. The  surface  (largely  prairie)  is  undulating;  the  soil 
is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  pork,  cattle,  and  hay 
are  the  staple  products.  Coal,  limestone,  and  sandstone  are 
found  here,  and  the  ash,  hickory,  white  oak,  and  black 
walnut  timbers  abound.  The  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Kansas  City,  Fort  Scott  &  Memphis,  the  Kansas  City  & 
Southern,  and  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad  systems,  all 


of  which  communicate  with  Ilarrisonville,  the  capital, 
while  the  Kansas  City,  Nevada  &  Fort  Smith  Railroad 
travels  its  western  portion  from  N.  to  S.  Pop.  in  1870, 
19,296;  in  1880,  22,431;  in  1890,  23,301. 

Cass,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Nebraska,  has  an  area 
of  about  560  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
Platte  River,  and  on  the  E.  by  the  Missouri  River,  which 
separates  it  from  Iowa,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Weeping 
Water  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating ;  the  soil  is  deep, 
calcareous,  and  fertile.  The  greater  portion  of  it  is  prairie. 
Groves  of  hickory,  oak,  black  walnut,  and  other  trees  occur 
near  the  rivers.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  hay  are  the 
staple  products  of  the  soil.  Carboniferous  limestone  is 
abundant  in  this  county,  which  is  traversed  by  the  Burling- 
ton &  Missouri  River  Railroad.  Capital,  Phittsmouth. 
Pop.  in  1870,  8151;  in  1880,  16,683;  in  1890,  24,080. 

Cass,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  North  Dakota,  border- 
ing on  Minnesota,  is  bounded  on  the  B.  by  the  Red  River 
of  the  North,  and  drained  by  Maple  River.  Area,  1764 
square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Northern  Pacific  and 
other  railroads.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Capital,  Fargo.  Pop. 
in  1880,  8998;  in  1890,  19,613. 

Cass,  formerly  Davis,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of 
Texas,  bordering  on  Arkansas,  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
Sulphur  Fork  of  Red  River.  Area,  950  square  miles.  The 
surface  is  undulating ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad.  Cotton  and  corn  are  its 
staple  products.  Capital,  Linden.  Pop.  in  1870,  8875; 
in  1880,  16,724;  in  1890,  22,554. 

Cass,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Ark. 

Cass,  a  township  of  Fulton  co.,  III.     Pop.  1283 

Cass,  township,  Dubois  co.,  Ind.     It  contains  Holland. 

Cass,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  -Ind.  Pop.  819.  It 
contains  Newberry. 

Cass,  a  township  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1214, 

Cass,  a  township  of  Ohio  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  772. 

Cass,  a  township  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  460. 

Cass,  a  post-township  of  Sullivan  co.,  Ind.,  6  miles  from 
Sullivan  Railroad  Station.     Coal  is  found  here.    Pop.  1488. 

Cass,  a  township  of  White  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  451. 

Cass,  a  township  of  Boone  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  808. 

Cass,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1008.  It 
contains  Lewis. 

Cass,  a  township  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa,  traversed  by  tha 
Iowa  River.     Pop.  595. 

Cass,  a  township  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1175. 

Cass,  a  township  of  Guthrie  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1194,  ex- 
clusive of  Panora. 

Cass,  a  township  of  Hamilton  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  533. 

Cass,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  256. 

Cass,  a  township  of  Jones  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  775. 

Cass,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  116. 

Cass,  a  township  of  Wapello  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  787.  It 
includes  Chillicothe  and  Happy  Hollow,  and  has  coal-mines. 

Cass,  a  township  of  Douglas  co..  Mo.     Pop.  410. 

Cass,  a  township  of  Greene  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1531. 

Cass,  a  township  of  Stone  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  592. 

Cass,  a  township  of  Texas  co..  Mo.     Pop.  779. 

Cass,  a  township  of  Hancock  co.,  0.     Pop.  759. 

Cass,  a  township  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.  Pop.  851.  It 
contains  Adams's  Mills. 

Cass,  a  township  of  Richland  co.,  0.  Pop.  1274.  It 
contains  Shiloh. 

Cass,  a  township  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.  Pop.  599, 
exclusive  of  Cassville. 

Cass,  a  township  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.  Pop.  4621.  It 
includes  Heckscherville,  Glen  Carbon,  and  other  coal  towns, 

Cassaba,  two  towns  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Casaba. 

Cassada^a,  kas'sa-dah'ga,  the  name  of  a  ^mall  lake 
and  a  creek  in  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.  The  lake  is  3  or  4 
miles  long.  The  creek  issues  from  the  lake,  runs  S.E.,  and 
enters  the  Conewango  Creek  5  miles  E.  of  Jamestown, 

Cassadaga,  a  post-village  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y., 
on  Cassadaga  Lake,  14  miles  S.  of  Dunkirk.  It  has  a 
church,  a  cheese- factory,  2  basket-factories,  and  several 
mills  and  stores.     Pop.  500. 

Cassala,  or  Kasala,  kis-si'li,  a  town  of  Nubia, 
province  of  Taka,  on  the  Gash,  an  affluent  of  the  Atbara, 
300  miles  S.S.W.  of  Suakin,  at  the  junction  of  three  tele- 
graph lines.  It  has  a  trade  in  gum  arable,  hides,  and 
ivory,  and  is  peopled  by  Arabs.     Pop.  6000. 

Cassandra,  or  Kassandra,  kis-sin'drS,  (anc.  Pal- 
le'ne),  a  peninsula  of  European  Turkey,  province  of  Rou« 
melia,  between  the  Gulfs  of  Salonica  and  Cassandra.  It 
is  25  miles  in  length,  terminating  in  Capo  Pailluri.  lu 
greatest  breadth  is  about  12  miles. 

Cassandra^  or  Kassaudra  (anc.  Torona'icut  Si'nut), 


CAS 


816 


CAS 


»  gulf  of  Turkey  in  Europe,  in  Roumelia.  setting  up  between 
two  peninsuloa,  the  extremities  of  which  are  culled  Cape 
P&illuri  and  Cupo  Drepano. 

Cassan'dra,  a  poit-village  of  Cambria  co.,  Pa.,  2 
miles  W.  of  llotuloc)<. 

Cassandria^  Netherlands.    See  Cadbard. 

Cassauo,  ku-si'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  34 
miles  N.  of  Cosonia.  Pop.  9035.  It  stands  in  the  concave 
recess  of  a  steup  mountain,  around  a  rock  on  which  arc  the 
ruins  of  an  ancient  castle ;  it  is  well  built,  and  has  a  bishop, 
a  diocesan  school,  a  hospital,  and  some  mineral  springx.  Its 
inhabitants  manufacture  macaroni,  leather,  table-linens, 
yarn,  and  fabrics  of  cotton  and  silk. 

Cassano,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  18  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Bari.     Pop.  4694. 

Cassano,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Avcllino,  9  miles 
6.W.  of  Sant'  Angelo  doi  Lombardi.     Pop.  1263. 

Cassano  Alagnago,  k&s-si'no  m&n-y&'go,  a  village 
of  Italy,  Lombardy,  23  miles  N.W.  of  Milan.     Pop.  2888. 

Cassano-sopra-Adda,  k&s-8&'no-8o'pr&-&d'd&,  a 
village  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  17  miles  E.N.E.  of  Milan, 
on  the  railway  to  Brescia.  It  has  extensive  silk-works. 
Pop.  6363. 

Cassano  Spinola,  k&s-s&'no  spe-no'ld,  a  village  of 
Italy,  10  miles  S.  of  Tortona.     Pop.  1400. 

CassarOf  kis-s&'ro,  a  town  of  Sicily,  18  miles  W.  of 
Syracuse.     Pop.  1694. 

Cassay,  a  state  of  India.    See  Muneepoor. 

Cass  Bridge^  a  post-office  of  Saginaw  co.,  Mich.,  on 
Cass  Kiver. 

Cass  Centre,  a  hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Iowa,  in  Boar 
Grove  township,  lOJ  miles  S.E.  of  Atlantic. 

Cass  City,  a  poet-village  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich.,  on  or 
near  Cass  River,  about  40  miles  E.  of  Bay  City.  It  has  a 
graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  and  manufactures 
of  furniture,  sash,  and  blinds.     Pop.  813. 

Cass'coe,  a  post-office  of  Arkansas  co.,  Ark. 

Cassel^orKassel,  kis's^l  (anc.  Caatel'lum  Catto'rum), 
R  city  of  Prussia,  capital  of  the  province  of  Ucsse-Nassau, 
'<s  situated  on  both  banks  of  the  Fulda,  91  mites  N.N.E.  of 
Frankfort-on-the-Main.  It  is  divided  into  the  Altstadt  or 
Old  Town,  the  Obcr  Neustadt  or  Upper  New  Town,  the 
TJnter  Neustadt  or  Lower  New  Town,  with  the  Wilhelms- 
hohe  and  Frankfort  suburbs  on  the  left  bank  of  the  river, 
and  the  Leipsic  suburb  on  the  right  bank.  The  two  por- 
tions of  the  town  are  connected  by  a  stone  bridge  across  the 
Fulda.  The  Old  Town  stands  close  to  the  river-banks,  and 
consists  of  narrow  and  dirty  streets;  while  the  new  part, 
built  upon  an  elevation,  is  airy,  with  spacious  streets  and 
handsome  houses. 

The  Upper  New  Town  contains  a  number  of  squares,  in 
the  principal  of  which,  the  Friedrioh's  Platz,  stands  the 
palace,  an  indifferent  structure,  and  next  to  it  the  museum, 
the  handsomest  building  in  the  town,  containing  a  library 
with  120,000  volumes  and  many  valuable  MSS.  In  the 
same  edifice  is  a  collection  of  antiquities,  many  of  them 
rare  objects  of  art  and  virtii,  including  some  interesting 
Roman  remains,  coins,  prints,  and  models.  Cassol  has  a 
picture-gallery  of  great  value. 

In  the  Old  Town  are  the  old  town  hall,  the  government 
buildings,  the  Stadtau,  appropriated  to  public  amusements ; 
St.  Martin's  church,  with  the  catacombs  beneath  it,  in  which 
the  remains  of  the  sovereigns  of  Ilesse-Cassel  are  deposited ; 
an  orphan  hospital  and  asylum,  an  arsenal  and  foundry,  and 
a  house  of  correction.  In  the  Upper  New  Town  there  are, 
besides  the  buildings  spoken  of  above,  the  mint,  a  cadet 
academy,  a  lyceum,  a  normal  and  civic  school,  a  theatre,  a 
hospital,  and  an  infirmary.'  The  Lower  Now  Town  con- 
tains an  ancient  fortress,  now  used  as  a  state  prison ;  an 
■orphan  asylum,  an  infirmary,  a  lying-in  hospital,  house  of 
eorrection,  and  common  prison.  In  the  Leipsic  suburb  are 
a  hospital  and  an  infirmary ;  in  the  Frankfort  suburb,  a 
house  of  industry;  and  in  the  Wilhelmshoho  suburb,  a  large 
hospital.     Near  the  town  is  the  palace  of  Wilhelmshoho. 

Oossel  has  several  churches  (principally  Lutheran),  also 
academies  for  painting,  sculpture,  Ac,  an  observatory,  and 
associations  for  the  promotion  of  agriculture  and  manufac- 
tures. Its  trade  is  important.  Its  manufactures  com- 
prise cotton,  silk,  and  woollen  fabrics,  damask,  linen,  kid 
gloves,  carpets,  porcelain,  musical  instruments,  gold  and 
silver  lace,  earthenware,  lacquered  wares,  hardware,  leather, 
Ac.  There  are  many  fine  walks  and  public  gardens  in  the 
vicinity.  Cassel  was  the  capital  of  Hesse-Cassel  (Electoral 
Hesse)  until  1866,  when  that  state  was  absorbed  by  Prussia. 
Pop.  in  1876,  63,043;  in  1880,  58,290;  in  1890,  72,461. 

Cassel,  a  town  of  Germany.     See  Castel. 

Cassel,  kis'sil'  (anc.  Caitel'lum),  a  town  of  France,  de- 


partment of  Nord,  27  miles  N.W.  of  Lille.  Pop.  4240.  It 
stands  on  an  isolated  hill,  550  feet  in  height,  which  com- 
mands an  extensive  view.  It  has  oil-mills,  snlt-refineriei, 
and  an  active  trade  in  cattle,  butter,  and  poultry. 

CassclMo,  a  rtation  in  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Pittsburg, 
Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago  Railroad,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Cliirajfo. 

Cas^sell's',  a  station  in  Guernsey  co.,  0.,  4  milca  \V. 
of  Cambridge.     It  has  a  Presbyterian  church. 

Cas'sclman,  or  Castleman,  a  post-hamlct  of  S«bi« 
erset  co..  Pa.,  II  miles  by  rnil  S.W.  of  Somerset. 

Cas'selton,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Cass  co.,  N.D., 
on  the  Northern  Pacific  Riiilroad,  20  miles  W.  of  Fnrgo.  It 
has  6  churches,  2  banks,  flour-mills,  and  2  weekly  newt* 
paper  offices.     Pop.  840. 

Cassen,  k&s-sdn',  or  Kassan,  k&s-s&n',  a  town  of 
East  Africa,  territory  of  Bertat,  a  country  lying  W.  of  th< 
S.W.  portion  of  Abyssinia,  on  the  Toomat. 

Casseneuil,  kftss^niil',  a  town  of  France,  in  Lot  et 
Garonne,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Villeneuve-sur-Lot.    Pop.  1976. 

Cas'sia,  a  southern  county  of  Idaho,  bounded  ou  tbeN. 
by  the  Snake  River,  which  divides  it  from  Logan  co.  Area, 
4600  square  miles.  Its  surface  is  mountainous  and  watered 
by  the  Raft  River  and  the  Salmon,  Goose,  and  other  creeks. 
Capital  Albion.     Pop.  in  1880,  1312;  in  1890,  3143. 

Cassim  Pasha,  k&s'sim  p&^sh&',  a  large  suburb  of 
Constantinople,  European  Turkey,  on  the  northern  shore 
of  the  "  Golden  Horn,"  separated  from  Galata  on  tiio  E. 
by  extensive  burying-grounds.  It  comprises  the  imperial 
dock-yard  of  Tershanna,  the  great  naval  arsenal  of  the 
capital,  and  the  palace  of  the  capitan-pasha. 

Cassinasco,  kis-se-nis'ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  Pied- 
mont, province  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  1151. 

Cassine,  k&s-see'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  14  miles  by  rail 
S.S.W.  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  5030. 

Cas'sin's  Run,  a  post-office  of  Harford  co.,  Md. 

Cas'sipoor',  Cas^sipore',  or  Kash4pur',  a  town 
of  the  Cawnpoor  district,  British  India.     Pop.  4603. 

Cassiquiarc,  kis-se-ke-i'r^,  or  Cassiquinri,  kiis- 
se-ke-i'ree,  a  deep  rapid  river  of  Venezuela,  forming  tlio  S. 
bifurcation  of  the  Orinoco,  by  which  that  river  has  naviga- 
ble communication  with  the  Rio  Negro.  It  leaves  the  Ori- 
noco in  lat.  3°  10'  N.,  Ion.  60°  20'  W.,  and,  after  a  S.W. 
course  of  128  miles,  falls  into  the  Rio  Negro  near  San  Car- 
los. By  means  of  this  river  communication  is  established 
over  an  immense  tract  of  South  America,  it  being  practi- 
cable to  sail  from  the  interior  of  Brazil  to  the  sea,  through 
the  Amazon,  the  Orinoco,  and  their  affluents. 

Cassis,  kis'see',  a  town  of  France,  in  Bouches-du- 
RhOno,  on  the  Mediterranean,  10  miles  (29  miles  by  rail) 
S.E.  of  Marseilles.  It  has  a  harbor,  defended  by  an  ancient 
castle,  ship-building  yards,  a  trade  in  fruits  and  wine,  and 
a  coral-fishery.     Pop.  2976. 

Cassiterides.    See  Scilly  Islands. 

Cass  Lake,  Michigan,  is  in  Oakland  co.,  1  or  2  miles 
S.W.  of  Pontiac.     It  is  nearly  4  miles  long. 

Cass  Lake,  Minnesota,  is  on  the  N.  border  of  Cass  co., 
and  is  an  expansion  of  the  Mississippi  River,  which  issues 
from  the  N.E.  part  of  it.  The  lake  has  a  roundish  form, 
and  its  diameter  is  about  16  miles. 

Cassner,  Illinois.    See  Casner  Station. 

Cassolnovo,  kis-sol-no'vo,  a  village  of  Italy,  lOi  miles 
S.E.  of  Novara.     Pop.  6430. 

Cassop'olis,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cass  co.,  Mich., 
is  on  Diamond  Lake,iand  on  the  Air-Line  division  of  the 
Michigan  Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Chicago  A 
Lake  Huron  Railroad,  107  miles  E.  of  Chicago,  14  miles 
N.E.  of  Niles,  and  98  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lansing.  It  has  a 
graded  school,  3  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  planing-mill, 
a  foundry,  and  manufactures  of  furniture,  sash,  blinds,  Ac. 
Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.     Pop.  1369. 

Cass  River,  Michigan,  rises  in  Sanilac  co.,  and  runs 
southwestward  through  Tuscola  co.  Flowing  thence  nearly 
westward,  it  enters  the  Saginaw  River  4  or  5  miles  above 
the  city  of  Saginaw.  It  is  nearly  150  miles  long,  and 
traverses  forests,  in  which  much  pine  lumber  is  procured. 

Cass  Station,  a  post-office  of  Bartow  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Western  A  Atlantic  Railroad,  52  miles  N.AV.  of  Atlanta. 

Cass'town,  a  post-village  of  Miami  co.,  0.,  4  miles  E. 
of  Troy,  and  about  10  miles  S.E.  of  Piqua.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  carriage -factory,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  241. 

Cass'ville,  a  post-office  of  Newton  co..  Ark. 

Cassville,  a  post-village  of  Bartow  co.,  Ga.,  7  miles 
from  Cartersville,  and  2  miles  from  Cass  Station.  It  has  3 
churches  and  3  stores. 

Cassville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Howard  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Indianapolis,  Peru  A  Chicago  Railroad,  69  miles  N.  of 
Indianapolis.     It  has  2  churches. 


I 


CAS 


tl7 


CAS 


Cassville,  a  station  in  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Columbus, 
i  Chicago  &  Indiana  Central  Railroad,  at  Le  Roy,  6  miles 
j  B,E.  of  Crown  Point. 

!  Cassville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Barry  co..  Mo.,  on 
Plat  Creek,  60  miles  S.W.  of  Springfield.  It  contains  5 
Ichurch  organizations,  2  banks,  a  flour-mill,  a  high-school, 
and  2  newspaper  oflnces.     Pop.  626, 

Cassville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  in  Jackson 
township,  46  miles  E.N.E.  of  Camden.  It  has  2  churches. 
Cassville,  a  post-village  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Paris 
township,  on  Sauquoit  Creek,  about  12  miles  S.  of  Utica, 
and  i  mile  from  Richfield  Junction.  It  has  a  church,  a 
ww-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  152. 

Cassville,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co.,  0. 
I     Cassville,  a  post-borough   of   Huntingdon   co..  Pa., 
I  about  15  miles  S.  of  Huntingdon.     It  has  3  churches,  a 

i' tannery,  and  a  pottery.     Pop.  410. 
Cassville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monongalia  co.,  W.  Va., 
about  54  miles  S.E.  of  Wheeling.     It  has  2  churches. 
Cassville,  a  hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Big 
j  Sandy  River,  opposite   Louisa,  Ky.,  and  30  miles  S.  of 
f  Huntington.     Here  is  Fort  Gay  Post-Offico. 
I      Cassville,  a  post-village  of  Grant  co..  Wis.,  on   the 
]  Mississippi  River,  28  miles  above  Dubuque,  and  about  90 
I  mijes  W.S.W.  of  Madison.     Lead  and  other  products  are 
I  shipped  here  in  steamboats.     It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a 
:  graded  high  school,  a  newspaper  oflice,  and  manufactures 
I  of  lumber,  boots  and  shoes,  wagons,  <fec.     Pop.  886. 
'     Castagna,  kis-t^n'yi,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Teramo,  15 
miles  N.W.  of  Civita  di  Penne.     Pop,  1113. 

Castagnaro,  k3,s-tin-y3,'ro,  a  village  of  Italy,  6  miles 
i  S.E,  of  Verona,  on  the  Adige.     Pop.  2780, 

Castagneto,  kis-t3.n-yi'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  30  miles  S,E.  of  Salerno,     Pop,  2354, 

Castagneto,  a  village  of  Italy,  39  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Pisa,  on  the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  2650. 

Castagnole,  k3,s-tS,n-yo'li,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
of  Turin,  14  miles  N.E,  of  Pinerolo,     Pop,  2263. 

Castagnole,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Alessan- 
dria, IS  miles  S.  of  Casale.     Pop.  2547. 

Castagnole  delle  Lanze,  kis-t&n-yo'ld  dSl'li 
l&n'zd,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  province  of  Alessan- 
dria, 12  miles  S.  of  Asti.     Pop.  3668. 

CastaMia  (Gr.  Kaa-ToXCa),  now  called  St.  John's 
Fountain,  a  famous  spring  near  Delphi,  and  at  the  foot 
of  Parnassus,     It  was  sacred  to  Apollo  and  the  nine  muses. 

Casta'lia,  a  post-village  of  Winneshiek  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Bloomfleld  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St. 
Paul  Railroad,  32  miles  W,  by  N,  from  McGregor.  It  has 
3  churches. 

Castalia,  a  post-village  of  Nash  co.,  N.C.,  in  Castalia 
township,  about  40  miles  N.E.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  2  churches. 

Castalia,  a  post-village  of  Erie  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cin- 
cinnati, Sandusky  &  Cleveland  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of 
Sandusky ;  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Casta'lian  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Sumner  co., 
Tenn.,  about  8  miles  E.  of  Gallatin.  It  has  several  mineral 
eprings,  stores,  and  schools. 

Castalio.    See  Castellon  de  la  Plana. 

Castalia,  kis-tHl'yi,  a  town  of  Spain,  24  miles  N,W. 
of  Alicante,  on  the  river  Castalia.     Pop.  about  2500. 

Castambool,  or  Castambul.    See  Kastamoonee. 

Casta'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monona  co.,  Iowa,  on  Maple 
River,  10  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Onawa.  It  has  2  churches,  2 
banks,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  <fec.     Pop.  500. 

Castanares,  k3,s-tS.-n3,'r6s,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  4  miles  E.  of  Burgos. 

Castanares  de  las  Cuevas,  k4s-ta.-ni'rSs  di  l&s 
kwi'vis,  a  town  of  Spain,  11  miles  S.S.W.  of  Logrono. 

Castanares  de  Rioja,  kis-ti-ni'rSs  dk  re-o'ei,  a 
market  town  of  Spain,  24  miles  W,  of  Logrono. 

Castaiieira,  ki,s-t3,n-yA,'ee-r3,,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
Estremadura,  20  miles  N.  of  Lisbon,  on  the  Tagus.     P.  876. 

Castaiieiro,  kis-tin-yi'ee-ro,  a  village  of  Portugal, 
in  Beira,  11  miles  S.E,  of  Lamego,     Pop,  614. 

Castano,  kJLs-ti'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  21  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Milan.     Pop.  3513. 

Castasegna,  kis-tl-sin'yS,,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
in  Grisons,  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Chiavenna.     Pop.  228. 

Casteggio,  kS,s-tfid'jo  (ano.  Ctastid'ium),  a  town  of 
Italy,  Piedmont,  5i  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Voghera.  Pop. 
3220.  Here,  in  the  second  Punic  AVar,  Clastidium  surren- 
dered to  Hannibal,  and  near  the  town  is  a  remarkable 
spring  called  Hamiibal's  Spring.  The  battle  of  Montebello, 
in  which  the  French  routed  the  Austrians,  June  9,  1800, 
was  fought  between  Casteggio  and  Voghera. 

Castel,  or  Kastel,  kis-tSl',  written  also  Cassel,  a 


town  of  Hesse,  on  the  Rhine,  and  on  the  Taunus  Railway, 
opposite  Mentz.     Pop.  5245. 

Castel  Alto,  kis'tSI  3,1'to,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
and  6  miles  E.  of  Teramo.     Pop.  1124. 

Castel -a- Mare,  ka,s-t61'-i-ma.'ri,  or  Castella- 
mare  di  Stabia,  k3,s-tfil'l3,-mS,'ri  dee  sti'bee-i,  a  city 
and  seaport  of  Italy,  on  the  S.E.  side  of  the  Bay  of  Naples, 
and  17  miles  by  railway  S.E.  of  the  city  of  Naples.  Pop. 
18,305.  It  is  at  the  foot  of  a  hill,  on  which  stood  the  an- 
cient Stabile,  near  which  Pliny  the  elder  met  his  death 
during  the  eruption  of  Vesuvius,  a.d.  79.  Castel-a-Mare 
is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  mineral  springs,  a  palace,  a  mili- 
tary hospital,  hotels  and  lodging-houses,  a  dock-yard,  and 
a  handsome  quay.  It  has  manufactures  of  linen,  silk,  and 
cotton  fabrics,  sail-cloth,  and  leather ;  and  its  small  harbor 
is  defended  by  forts.  Many  of  its  inhabitants  are  engaged 
in  the  coral-fishery. 

Castel-a-Mare,  kis-t^I'-i-mi'ri,  a  seaport  of  Sicily, 
20  miles  E.  of  Trapani,  near  the  head  of  the  Gulf  of  Castel- 
a-Mare.  Pop.  11,280.  It  exports  wine,  cotton,  fruit,  manna, 
and  sumach.    Near  it  are  the  remains  of  the  ancient  Seijeata. 

Castel-a-Mare,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Teramo, 
near  the  Adriatic,  12  miles  E.  of  Civita  di  Pcnne.    P.  5358. 

Castel-a-Mare  della  Bruca,kfl,s-t6r-3,-mi'ri  dSl'- 
13,  broo'ki,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Salerno,  on  the 
Mediterranean,  22  miles  N.AV.  of  Policastro. 

Castel-Aragonese,  Sardinia.    See  Castel-Sardo 

Castel-Arquato,kis-tfir  an-kwl'to,  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  Parma,  19  miles  S.E.  of  Piacenza,  on  the  Larda.  It 
contains  a  fine  Gothic  church,  a  hospital,  cavalry  barracks, 
medical  and  other  schools,  and  an  ancient  castle.  Pop.  4266. 

Castel  Baldo,  kis-tfil'  bdl'do,  a  village  of  Italy,  21 
miles  S.W.  of  Padua,  on  the  Adige.     Pop.  2647. 

Castel  Belforte,  kis-t41'  bfil-foB'ti,  a  town  of  Italy, 
1  miles  N.E.  of  Mantua.     Pop.  2200. 

Castel  Bolognese,  kis-tSl'  bo-14n-yi'si,  a  town  of 
Italy,  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ravenna.     Pop.  2456. 

Castel  Bottacio,  k3,s-t6l'  bot-ti'cho,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  14i  miles  N.  of  Campobasso.     Pop.  1815, 

Castel  Buono,  kds-tdl'  boo-o'no,  a  town  of  Sicily, 
near  Palermo,  in  the  Madonian  Mountains,  8  miles  S.E.  of 
Cefalil.     Pop.  8306.     It  has  mineral  springs. 

Castel  Clementino,  kis-tfil'  kl6m-5n-tee'no,  a  vil- 
lage of  Italy,  in  the  Marches,  17  miles  E.  of  Caraerino. 

Castel  Cucco,  k3,s-tdl'  kook'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
Lombardy,  21  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Treviso,     Pop.  1474. 

Castel  Culier,  kisHfil'  kii'le-i',  a  town  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Lot-et-Garonne,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Agen. 

Castel  d'Agogna,  kis-tfil'  di-g6n'yi,  a  town  of 
Italy,  in  Piedmont,  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Novara. 

Castel  de  Franchi,  kis-tdl'  di  frin'kee,  a  town  of 
Italy,  in  Avellino,  on  the  Calore,  7i  miles  S.W.  of  Sant' 
Angelo  dei  Lombard!.     Pop.  2689. 

Castel  Delfino,ka.s-tSl'  dSl-fee'no  (Fr.  Chateau  Dau- 
phin, shiHo'  do^fS,N»'),  a  town  of  Italy,  Piedmont,  28  mile* 
W.N.W,  of  Coni,  at  the  foot  of  Monte  Viso.     Pop.  1350. 

Castel  dell'  Abate,  kis-tdl'dSI-li-bi'ti,  a  town  of 
Italy,  in  Salerno,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Capaccio.    Pop.  4396. 

Castel  dclla  Pietra,  kis-tdl'  dil'li  pe-i'tri,  a  town 
of  Italy,  6  miles  N.E,  of  Roveredo,  on  the  Adige. 

Castel  del  Monte,  kis-tdl'  dSl  mon'ti,  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  and  19  miles  E.  of  Aquila.     Pop.  2179. 

Castel  del  Piano,  kis-t5r  dfil  pe-i'no,  a  town  of 
Italy,  28  miles  N.E.  of  Grosseto.     Pop.  3150. 

Castel  del  Rio,  kis-tfil'  d61  ree'o,  a  town  of  Italy,  33 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Ravenna,     Pop.  2690. 

Castel  Dieri,  kis-tSl'  de-i'ree,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  23  miles  S.E.  of  Aquila.     Pop.  1378. 

Castel  di  Rada,  Italy.    See  Rada-nel-Chianti. 

Castel  di  Sangro,kS,s-tSl'deesin'gro,  a  townofltaly, 
province  and  53  miles  S.E.  of  Aquila.  It  has  a  manufac- 
tory of  carpets.     Pop.  5118. 

Castel-Fabi,  kis-tfil'-fi-bee',  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Valencia,  near  Ademuz. 

Castel  Fidardo,  kls-t61'  fee-dau'do,  a  town  of  Cen- 
tral Italy,  Marches,  11  miles  S.  of  Ancona.     Pop.  6338. 

Castel  Fiorentino,  kis-t61'  fe-o-rfin-tee'no,  a  town 
of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Florence,  on  the 
Elsa.     Pop.  7227. 

Castel  Follit,  kis-tfil'  fol-yit',  a  town  of  Spain,  17 
miles  N.W.  of  Gerona.  It  was  formerly  fortified,  and  was 
several  times  besieged  by  the  French  under  Louis  XIV. 

Castel-Forte,  kis-tel'-fon'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Caserta,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Gaeta.    Pop.  3212. 

Castel-Franc,  ki.VtSI'  frfiN»,  a  town  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Lot,  11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cahors.     Pop.  750. 

Castel-Franco,  kis-tSl'-fWLn'ko  (anc.  Fo'rum  Oallo'- 


CAS 


818 


CAS 


rmm).  %  town  of  lUly,  provinoe  and  16  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Bolognii.     Pop.,  with  communo,  12,460. 

Castel-Francot  a  furUllod  town  of  Italy,  prorlnoe 
and  15  niilos  W.  of  Treviso,  on  the  Masono.  Pop.  10,607. 
Principal  buildings,  a  oastle  and  a  cathedral.  It  has  silk 
and  woollen  nionufaotures. 

Castel'FrancOf  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Arellino, 
SI  miles  N.E.  of  Benovento.     Pop.  2500. 

Castel-Franco  di  Sotto,  k&s-tdl'-fr&n'ko  doe  sot'to, 
a  town  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Florence,  on 
the  Arno.     Pop.  4299. 

Ca8tel«C>nndoiro,  k&s-tdl'-g&n-dol'fo,  a  village  of 
Italy,  on  the  N.W.  side  of  Mount  Albano,  14  miles  S.B.  of 
Komo.  It  is  picturesquely  situated  on  a  volcanic  peak, 
431  feet  above  the  lake,  and  comprises  among  its  numerous 
Tillas  the  summer  residence  of  the  Pope.     Pop.  1916. 

Castel-Goffrcdo,  k&s-tdl'-gof-fri'do,  a  town  of  Italy, 
Lomb:mly,  13  miles  N.AV.  of  Mantua.  Pop.  4063.  It  has 
a  hospital  and  manufactures  of  silk. 

Castcl-drOinbertO)  k&s-tdl'-gom-bAR'to,  a  village  of 
Northern  Italy,  7i  miles  N.W.  of  Vicenza.     Pop.  2772. 

Castclgrande,  k&s-tSl'gr&n'di,  a  town  of  Italy,  21 
milos  N.W.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  31577. 

Castclgiicl fo,  kils-t6r>;oo-fiI'fo,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  6  milos  W.N.W.  of  Parma,  on  the  Taro.  It  has  a 
fine  castle,  taken  in  1407  by  a  Guelph  captain. 

Ca9tel-Gaglielnio,k&8-til'-gool-y61'mo,  a  village  of 
Italy,  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Rovigo.     Pop.  3012. 

Castel- Jaloux,  kisHfil'-zhi'loo',  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  Lot-et-Garonno,  on  the  Avanoe,  17  miles 
N.W.  of  N6rao.  Pop.  3182.  It  has  iron-  and  copper-forges, 
and  manufactures  of  paper,  glass,  and  woollen  fabrics. 

Castell',  a  post-hamlet  of  Llano  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Llano 
River,  about  90  miles  W.N.W.  of  Austin.    It  has  a  church. 

Castcllabate.    See  Castkl  dell'  Abate. 

Castcllamare,  Italy.    See  Castel-a-Mare. 

Castcllamontc,  kis-tftl'li-mon'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Ivrea.  It  has  a  castle,  a  large  market-place, 
and  manufactures  of  earthenware.     Pop.  5997. 

Castellana,  kis-t51-14'n3,,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  26  miles  S.B.  of  Bari.     Pop.  8715. 

Castellaneta,  kis-tfil-li-nd'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  24 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Taranto.  Pop.  8358.  It  is  a  bishop's 
see,  and  has  a  cathedral  and  charitable  establishments. 

Castellanc,  k4sHdlM&n',  a  town  of  France,  in  Basses- 
Alpes,  on  the  Verdon,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Digne.     Pop.  1842. 

CasteilarOj  kis-t51-li'ro,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Pied- 
mont, province  of  Porto  Maurizio.     Pop.  932. 

Castellaro  Lagusello,  k&s-tSl-la'ro  l&-goo-sSl'lo,  a 
town  of  Italy,  14  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mantua. 

Castellarquato,  Italy.    See  Castel-Arquato. 

Castcl-Lastua^  kis-tdl'-lis-too'i,  a  village  of  Dal- 
matia,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Cattaro,  on  the  Adriatic. 

Castellazzo,  kis-tfll-lit'so,  a  town  of  Italy,  6  miles 
S.W.  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  6049. 

Castel-Leone,  kis-til'-li-o'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  16 
miles  N.AV.  of  Cremona.     Pop.  6795. 

Castelletto  al  Fo,  kis-tdl-lSt'to  &I  po,  a  village  of 
Italy,  province  of  Pavia.     Pop.  540. 

Castelletto  d'Orba,  kds-tdl-15t'to  don'bi,  a  village 
of  Italy,  6i  miles  S.W.  of  Novi.     Pop.  934. 

Castelletto  Merii,  kd.s-tdl-ldt'to  miR'lee,  a  village  of 
Italy,  province  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  1631. 

Castelletto  Scazzoso,  kis-til-ldt'to  sk^t-so'so,  a 
village  of  Italy,  province  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  1717. 

Castelletto  sopra  Ticino,  kis-tfil-ldt'to  so'pri  te- 
obee'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  19  miles  N.  of  Novara,  on  the 
Ticino.     Pop.  4367. 

Castelletto  Stura,  kils-tSl-lfit'to  8too'r&,  a  village  of 
Italy,  province  and  6  miles  E.  of  Coni.     Pop.  1100. 

Castellina,  kis-tdl-lee'nl,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
and  19  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pisa.     Pop.  2138. 

Castellina,  a  village  of  Italy,  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Sienna. 
Pop.,  with  commune,  3910. 

Castellio,  an  ancient  town  of  France.   See  Chatillox. 

Casteli-Llubi,  a  town  of  Spain.     See  Llubi. 

Castel'Llychwr,  kils'tSl  M'ik'oot,  written  also  Llon- 
ghor,  a  borough  of  Wales,  co.  of  Glamorgan,  6i  miles  by 
rail  W.  by  N.  of  Swansea.     Pop.  765. 

Casteilo,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Citta  di  Castello. 

Castello  Branco,  kis-tdl'lo  br&n'ko,  a  town  of  Por- 
tugal, province  of  Beira,  64  milos  S.E.  of  Coimbra.  It  is  a 
bishop's  see.     Pop.  5579. 

Castello  d'Aci,  kis-tSl'lo  di'chee,  a  town  of  Sicily, 
province  and  4  miles  N.E.  of  Catania,  on  the  Mediter- 
raaean. 

Castello  delta  Baronia,  k&s-tgl'lo  diri&  b^-ro- 


nee'i,  or  Baronia,  b&-ro-nee'&,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
inoe of  Avellino,  10^  milos  S.E.  of  Ariano.     Pop.  lOSo. 

Castello  do  Vide,  k&s-tfil'lo  dd  voe'd.\,  a  village  of 
Portugal,  in  Alemtcjo,  11  miles  N.  of  Portalcgre.  Pup. 
5279.  It  is  walled,  and  has  a  castle,  several  churches,  and 
a  manufactory  of  woollen  cloths. 

Castello  di  Quatro,  k&s  til'lo  doe  kw&'tro,  a  town 
of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  4  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Florence. 
It  has  a  summer  palace,  with  extensive  gardens  and  parks, 

Castello  di  San  Cataldo,  k&s-til'lo  dee  g&n  ki-tU'. 
do,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  7  miles  N.E.  of  Locce. 

Castell  o  Melhor,  kAs-t^l'lo  m21-y  Or',  a  village  of  Por- 
tugal, province  of  Boira,  on  tho  left  bank  of  the  Douro,  6 
miles  N.  of  Castel-Rodrigo. 

Castellon  de  Ampurias,  k&s-tdl-ySn'  d&  &m-poo'> 
re-&s,  a  town  of  Spain,  2L  miles  N.N.E.  of  Gerona,  on  the 
Muga.     Pop.  3000. 

Castellon  de  la  Plana,  k&s-tdl-yon'  dd  1&  nl&'n!l,  a 
province  of  Spain,  in  Valencia,  bounded  N.  by  the  prov- 
inccs  of  Torucl  and  Tarragona,  E.  by  the  Mediterranean 
Sea,  S.  by  Valencia,  and  W.  by  Teruel.  Area,  3049  squara 
miles.     Pop.  in  1887,  292,437. 

Castellon  de  la  Plana  (ano.  Caatallo  f),  a,  city  of 
Spain,  capital  of  the  above,  40  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Va- 
lencia, and  4  miles  from  tho  sea,  in  an  extensive  and  fortilo 
plain,  irrigated  by  the  Mijarcs,  whose  waters,  through  an 
ancient  aqueduct  out  through  solid  rock,  are  conveyed  5 
miles  into  the  town.  The  houses  are  in  general  well  built 
and  commodious,  and  tho  streets  wide,  straight,  clean,  and, 
though  unpaved,  many  of  the  more  important  have  good 
footpaths.  It  has  9  squares,  a  church  wherein  are  good 
paintings,  statues,  <fec.,  Latin,  normal,  and  other  schools,  a 
hospital,  theatre,  barracks,  orphan  asylum,  bull-ring,  2 
prisons,  several  convents,  &o.  The  manufactures  are  linen, 
woollen,  and  hempen  fabrics,  sail-cloth,  ropes,  paper,  soap, 
glass,  earthenware,  fire-arms,  brandy,  wine,  oil,  Ac.  Much 
attention  is  paid  to  tho  rearing  of  silk-worins.  The  im- 
ports comprise  sugar,  coffee,  alcohol,  cotton,  hides,  vinegar, 
and  salt  fish,  and  tho  exports  are  hemp,  grain,  fruits,  and 
manufactured  goods.  The  vessels  frequenting  the  port  are 
numerous,  but  small,  and  the  anchorage  is  but  indifl'orent. 
Castellon  was  taken  from  the  Saracens  in  1233  by  James  I, 
of  Aragon.     Pop.  21,929. 

Castellone,  kS.s-t51-lo'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the 
Appian  Way,  and  on  the  Gulf  of  Gaeta,  6i  miles  N.E.  of 
Gaeta.     Pop.  978. 

Castcllote,  kis-tSl-yo'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  55  miles 
N.E.  of  Teruel.     Pop.  1520. 

Castellucchio,  kis-tfll-look'ke-o,  a  village  of  Italy, 
7i  miles  W.  of  Mantua.     Pop.  4040. 

Castclluccia,  kis-tfil-loot'chi,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince .and  27  miles  E.S.E.  of  Salerno.     Pop.  2980. 

Castelluccio,  kis-tfil-loot'cho,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Caserta,  6  miles  S.W,  of  Sora.     Pop.  1610. 

CastelluccioAquaBorrana,kis-t6l-loot'cho4'kwi 
bou-ni'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  20  miles  N.E.  of 
Campobasso,  on  the  S.  slope  of  Monte  della  Sibilla,  4763 
feet  high,  the  loftiest  village  in  the  Apennines.     Pop.  2831. 

Castelluccio  Inferiore,  kis-til-loot'cho  in-fi-re- 
o'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  32  miles  S.W.  of  Tursi.     Pop.  3151. 

Castelluccio  Superiore,  k4s-t4l-loot'cho  soo-pd-re- 
o'rA,  a  town  of  Italy,  Basilicata,  immediately  N.W.  of  Cas- 
telluccio Inferiore.     Pop.  3153. 

Castelluin  Cattorum,  the  ancient  name  of  Cassel. 

Castelluin  Pucinum,  tho  ancient  name  of  Dui.no. 

Castcllum  Vetus,  the  Latin  for  Castelvetere. 

Castel-Madaina,  kfl,s-tfil'-mi-di'mi,  a  village  of 
Italy,  province  and  E.N.E.  of  Rome.     Pop.  2716. 

CasteI-Maggiore,kis-tfir-ma,d-jo'ra,  atownof  Italy, 
8  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Bologna.     Pop.  4083. 

Castelmary,  kisHfirmi'ree',  a  village  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Aveyron,  31  miles  from  Rodez.     Pop.  1088. 

Castelmoron,  kis't6rmoV6N»',  a  town  of  France,  Lot- 
et-Garonne,  on  the  Lot,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Marmande.   P.  875. 

Castelnau,  kisHfirnO',  a  fortress  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Gard,  8  miles  S.  of  Uz6s. 

Castelnaudary,  ka.sH§rno'di'ree'  (anc.  So8tom'<i<]iis), 
a  town  of  France,  department  of  Aude,  at  a  railway  junc- 
tion, 22  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Carcassonne.  Pop.  9584.  It  stands 
on  an  eminence,  and  is  built  in  the  form  of  an  amphitheatre. 
To  tho  S.  the  Canal  du  Midi  forms  a  basin,  surrounded  by 
quays,  warehouses,  and  yards  for  building  vessels.  It  haa 
many  windmills,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  and  silk 
fabrics,  cotton  twist,  and  crockery.  It  was  founded  by  the 
Visigoths,  on  tho  site  of  the  ancient  Soatomar/tia,  under  the 
name  of  Castrum  Novum  Arianorum,  of  which  its  present 
name  is  a  corruption. 


CAS 


819 


UAS 


Castelnau  de  Brassac,  kisHSrno'  d^h  br&'sAk',  a 
town  of  France,  in  Tarn,  ;il)  miles  S.E.  of  Alby.    Pop.  4192, 

Castelnau  de  Medoc,  kisHSrno'  d§h  miMok',  a 
town  of  France,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  1645. 

Castelnau  de  Montmirail,  kisH^l^no'  d?h  m&u«^- 
me'ril',  a  town  of  France,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Alby.  Pop.  2569. 

Castelnau  Magnoac,  kisHSrno'  m3,n^yo-3,k',  a  town 
of  France,  21  miles  N.E.  of  Tarbes.     Pop.  1581. 

Castelnau  Montratier,  kisHdrno'  m6N°'trlHe-i',  a 
town  of  France,  12.i  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Cahors.     Pop.  4027. 

Castelnau  Riviere  Basse,  kisHfirnO'  reeVe-aiR' 
biss',  a  town  of  France,  25  miles  N.W  of  Tarbes.   Pop.  1141. 

Castelnovo,  k3,s-t51-no'vo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  10  miles  W.  of  Verona.     Pop.  3381. 

Castelnovo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta,  13 
'  miles  N.E.  of  Gaeta. 

Castelnuovo,  kis-tSrnoo-o'vo,  a  seaport  of  Austria- 
j  Hungary,  in  Diilniatia,  11  miles  W.  of  Cattaro.    It  is  com- 

I'  manded  by  two  forts  and  defended  by  a  citadel.  Pop.  6105. 
Castelnuovo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  14  miles 
S.E.  of  Chieti.  Pop.  3333. 
Castelnuovo  Bocca  d'Adda,  kis-tSrnoo-o'vo bok'- 
ki  did'di,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  23  miles  S.E.  of 
Lodi.     Pop.  2157. 

Castelnuovo  d'Asti,  kls-tSPnoo-o'vo  dis'tee,  a  town 
of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Asti.     Pop.  3303. 

Castelnuovo  dei  Monti,  kis-tSrnoo-o'vodA'emon'- 
j  tee,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Modena,  20  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Reggio. 
I  Pop.  5792. 

Castelnuovo  della  Daunia,  kis-tdrnoo-o'vo  dSl'- 
[  1&  do w'nee-3,,  a  town  of  Italy^  province  and  24  miles  W.N.W. 

of  Foggia.     Pop.  3312. 
:      Castelnuovo  di  Ceva,  kis-tSrnoo-o'vo  dee  chi'vi, 
a  town  of  Italy,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Mondovi.     Pop.  442. 

Castelnuovo  di  Garfagnana,  kis-tSl'noo-o'vo  dee 
I  gan-fdn-yi'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  Serohio,  43  miles 
f  S.AV.  of  Modena.     Pop.  4841. 

I  Castelnuovo  di  Magra,  kJs-tSl'noo-o'vo  dee  mi'- 
grl,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Genoa,  11  miles  E.  of  La 
Spczia,  in  the  valley  of  the  Magra.     Pop.  2852. 

Castelnuovo  di  Sotto,  kds-tSrnoo-o'vo  dee  sot'to,  a 
town  of  Northern  Italy,  on  the  Canal  of  Castelnuovo,  10  miles 
N.AV.  of  Reggio.     Pop.  5901. 

Castelnuovo  di  Val-di-Cccina,  kls-tSrnoo-o'vo 
dee  vS,l-doo-chS,-chee'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Pisa, 
13.i  miles  S.  of  Volterra.     Pop.  1319. 

Castelnuovo  Scrivia,  kds-tdrnoo-o'vo  skree've-5.,  a 
town  of  Italy,  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  6920. 

Castelorizo,  k.\s-tdl-lo-reed'zo,  or  Castel-Rosso, 
kls-t61'-ros'so,  also  written  Kasteloryzo,  a  small  island 
off  the  S.  coast  of  Asia  Minor,  19  miles  S.E.  of  Patara.  Lat. 
36°  7'  30"  N.;  Ion.  29°  40'  E. 

Castel-Pagano,  ka,s-t5r-pa-ga,'no,  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  and  12  miles  S.E.  of  Campobasso.     Pop.  2801. 

Castel-Petroso,  kis-tSl'-pd-tro'so,  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  and  20  miles  W.  of  Campobasso.     Pop.  2655. 

Castel-Rodrigo,  ka.s-t6r-ro-dree'go,  a  small  fortified 
f    town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Beira,  near  the  Spanish  fron- 
tier, 32  miles  N.E.  of  Guarda.     Pop.  464. 

Castel-Rosso,  a  town  of  Greece.     See  Kauysto. 

Castel-Rosso,  Asia  Minor.    See  CASTELonizo. 

Castel-Rotto,  k^s-tSProt'to,  or  Castelruth,  klls'- 
tjl-root',  a  village  of  Austria,  Tyrol,  14  miles  N.E.  of 
Botzen,  on  a  mountain  near  the  Eisach.     Pop.  1037. 

Castel-Sagrat,  kisHfir-s3,'gra,',  a  town  of  France, 
23  miles  W.N.W.  of  Montauban.     Pop.  1337. 

Castel  San  Giorgio,  sin  jon'jo,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Salerno,  8  miles  by  rail  W.  of  San  Severino. 
Pop.  4696. 

Caste!  San  Niccol6,sJn  neek-ko-lo', atownof  Italy, 
province  and  20  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Arezzo.     Pop.  5445. 

Castel  San  Pietro,  sa,n  pee-i'tro,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  14  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Bologna.    Pop.  12,330. 

Castel-Saraceno,  k3,s-t5l'-s<\-ra,-chi'no,  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  and  33  miles  S.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  1344. 

Castel-Sardo,  kis-tJl'-sau'do,  formerly  Castel- 
Aragonese,  kis-t6r-i-ri-go-nS,'sA,  a  fortified  seaport  of 
Sardinia,  on  its  N.  coast,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Sassari.  It  stands 
on  a  nearly  isolated  rock,  and  has  a  harbor.     Pop.  1931. 

Castel-Sarrasin,  kisHfir-saK^Ri^sdNo',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Tarn-et-Garonne,  near  the  Garonne,  12  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Montauban.  Pop.  6835.  It  was  formerly  forti- 
fied, and  has  manufiictures  of  serge  and  worsted  stockings, 
and  an  active  trade  in  corn  raised  in  its  vicinity. 

Castel-Termini,  k4s-t31'-tSR'me-ne  (anc.  Camicia'nse 
A'qiias  f),  a  town  of  Sicily,  16  miles  N.  oT  Girgenti.  It  has 
extensive  mines  of  sulphur  and  rock  salt.     Pop.  8918. 


Castelvetere,  kis-tfirv5t'^-r4  (L.  Castel'lum  Ve'ttu, 
i.e.,  "old  castle;"  anc.  Cau'lon  and  Caido'nia),  a  town  of 
Italy,  in  Calabria,  near  the  Mediterranean,  47  miles  N.E. 
of  lleggio.     It  has  a  castle  and  5  churches.     Pop.  7270. 

Castelvetere,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Benovento, 
18  miles  E.S.E.  of  Campobasso.     Pop.  4248. 

Castelvetere,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Avellino,  10 
miles  W.  of  Sant'  Angelo.     Pop.  2629. 

Castelvetrano,  kis-tdrvi-tri'no,  a  town  of  Sicily,  29 
miles  S.E.  of  Trapani.     Pop.  20,420. 

Castenedolo,  kis-ti-nd-do'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Milan,  6i  miles  S.E.  of  Brescia.     Pop.  3651. 

Cast6ra-Lectourois,  kJlsHAVA'-ldkHooR^wi,  a  town 
of  France,  in  Gers,  2^  miles  N.  of  Lectoure.     Pop.  765. 

Castera-Verduzan,  kisHA'r!l'-v5RMil'z6N"',  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  in  Gers,  23  miles  N.  of  Auch.  It  possesse* 
sulphur  and  chalybeate  springs.     Pop.  1080. 

Castets,  kis*ti',  a  village  of  France,  in  Gironde,  on  the 
Garonne,  9  miles  N.  of  Bazas.     Pop.  1320. 

Castets,  a  village  of  France,  in  Landes,  12  miles  N.N.AV. 
of  Dax.     Pop.  2081. 

Castiglia,  the  Italian  for  Castile. 

Castigliouc,  kls-teel-yo'nd,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Lom- 
bardy,  11^  miles  S.E.  of  Lodi,  near  the  Adda.     Pop.  3679. 

Castiglione,  a  town  of  Italy,  21  miles  N.AV.  of  Lucca. 
Pop.  3526. 

Castiglione,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  i\  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Cosenza.     Pop.  1318. 

Castiglione,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Calabria,  10  miles  AY. 
of  Nicastro.     Pop.  1208. 

Castiglione,  a  town  of  Sicily,  25  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Catania.     Pop.  8654.     It  is  famed  for  its  filberts. 

Castiglione,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Umbria,  22  miles  W. 
of  Perugia,  on  the  Lake  of  Perugia.     Pop.  9380. 

Castiglione  (anc.  Gahii),  a,  village  of  Italy,  province 
and  about  12  miles  E.  of  Rome.  It  has  interesting  remains 
of  antiquity. 

Castiglione,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Massa-e- 
Carrara,  21  miles  N.AV.  of  Lucca.     Pop.  3526. 

Castiglione,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  25  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Bologna.     Pop.  4383. 

Castiglione  dei  Gati,  k.\s-teel-yo'ni  di'ee  gi'tee,  a 
town  of  Italy,  26  miles  S.AV.  of  Bologna.     Pop.  2000. 

Castiglione  della  Pescaia,  kls-teel-yo'ni  dSl'li 
p4s-ki'i,  a  town  of  Italy,  12  miles  AV.  of  Grosseto,  on  the 
Mediterranean,  at  the  outlet  of  Lake  Castiglione.    P.  1911. 

Castiglione  della  Stiviere,  kis-teel-yo'ni  dil'li 
sto-ve-d'rd,  a  town  of  Lombardy,  22  miles  N.AV.  of  Mantua. 
Pop.  5237.  It  is  noted  for  the  decisive  victory  gained  hero 
by  the  French  over  the  Austrians  in  1790. 

Castiglione  d'Orcia,  kis-tecl-yo'ni  doR-chec'il,  a 
town  of  Italy,  province  of  Sienna,  on  the  Orcia,  8  miles 
S.E.  of  Monte-AIcino.     Pop.  2276. 

Castiglione  Fiorentino,  k&s-teel-yo'ni  fe-o-rfin- 
tee'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  10  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Arezzo. 
Pop.  12,935.     It  has  a  Piarist  college  and  orphan  asylum. 

Castiglione  (kS,s-teel-yo'ni),  Lake  of,  a  lagoon  of 
Italy,  province  of  Sienna,  N.  of  Grosseto,  about  10  miles 
in  length  by  from  1  to  3  miles  in  breadth.  It  was  formerly 
much  larger,  but  a  great  part  of  it  has  been  drained.  It 
receives  the  Bruna  and  other  small  rivers,  and  disembogues 
into  the  Mediterranean  by  a  short  channel  close  to  Cas- 
tiglione della  Pescaia.  It  afibrds  abundance  of  fish ;  but  its 
banks  are  very  unhealthy  and  mostly  depopulated. 

Castiglione  Messer  Marino,  kis-teel-yo'ni  mfis- 
siR'  m3,-ree'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Chieti,  22  miles 
S.AV.  of  Vasto.     Pop.  4056. 

Castiglione  Messer  Raimondo,  kHs-teel-yo'ni 
mSs-sia'  ri-mon'do,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  17  miles 
S.E.  of  Teramo.     Pop.  3572. 

Castilblanco,  kds-teel-blin'ko,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Estremadura,  15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Logrosan.  Pop.  2023. 
Castilblanco  is  the  name  of  several  other  places  in  Spain. 

Castile,  kis-teel'  (Sp.  Castilla,  kis-teel'yi ;  Fr.  Caa- 
tille,  kisHcel';  Ger.  CastiUev,  k&s-tee'le-^n ;  It.  Castiglia, 
k3,s-teel'y3,),  a  former  kingdom  of  Spain,  occupying  the 
groat  central  table-land  of  the  peninsula,  composed  chiefly 
of  tertiary  formation,  and  elevated  2300  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  sea.  In  the  tenth  century  this  region  was  a  country 
of  which  Burgos  was  the  capital ;  at  the  commencement  of 
the  eleventh  century  it  was  erected  into  a  kingdom,  and 
was  successively  extended  by  the  addition  of  the  kingdoms 
of  Leon,  Estremadura,  and  Andalusia.  The  marriage  of 
Ferdinand,  King  of  Aragon,  with  Isabella  of  Castile,  in 
1474,  united  under  one  sceptre  all  the  Christian  states  of 
Spain,  and  the  conquest  of  Granada,  in  1492,  led  to  the  es- 
tablishment of  the  kingdom  of  Spain.    From  the  great  im- 


CAS 


820 


CAS 


)iortance  of  Castile,  ns  the  centre  of  the  kin^^om,  the  name 
of  CASTii.iA.t  is  often  used  to  indicate  Spaniards  in  general. 

See  Nkw  Castilb  and  Old  Castile. Adj.  nnd  inhab. 

Castilian,  kfcs-til'yi^n  (Sp.  Castillano,  ki»-tccl-y4'no). 

Cnatilc,  a  post-vilinge  of  Wyoming  oo.,  N.Y.,  in  Castile 
townshiii,  uiid  un  the  Krie  Uiiilrood,  67  miles  E.S.E.  of  Buf- 
falo, and  U  miles  S.S.E.  of  Warsaw.  It  has  a  bank,  a  union 
vchool,  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  manufactory  of 
farming-implements.  Pop.  712.  The  township  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  Uencsoe  Hiver,  which  here  flows  between 
steep  banks  about  300  foot  high.  Pop.  2277. 
Cnstilla,  Cn^tille^  and  Castiiicn.    See  Castile. 

Castilla  la  Niicva,  the  Spanish  for  New  Castile. 

Castiila  la  Vicja,  the  Spanish  for  Old  Castile. 

Castillian  (kas-tiryg,n)  Springs,  a  summer  resort  of 
Holmes  oo..  Miss.,  3  miles  from  Durant  Ilailroad  Station. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  mineral  springs  containing  alum  and 
sulphates  of  lime,  magnesia,  nnd  potash. 

Castillo,  kls-teel'yo,  an  islet  of  the  Grenadine  group, 

British  West  Indies,  about  lat.  12°  48'  N.,  Ion.  61°  30'  W. 

Castillo  dc  Garci-Mu&oz,     k&s-tccl'yo  di  gan'- 

tho-moon-yoth',  a  town  of  New  Castile,  27  miles  S.S.W.  of 

Cuenca.     Pop.  1123. 

Castillo  de  las  Guardas,  k&s-tcel'yo  di  14s  gwan'- 
d4s,  a  town  of  Andalusia,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Seville.   P.  1719. 

Castillo  de  Locubin,  kis-tcd'yo  dd,  lo-koo-been', 
a  town  of  Spain,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Jaen.     Pop.  3971. 

Castillon,  ki8'tee'y6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Aridgc, 
7  miles  S.W.  of  St.-Girons,  on  the  Lez.     Pop.  1054. 

Castillon,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Qironde, 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Dordogne,  25  miles  by  rail  E.  of 
Bordeaux.  It  has  manufactures  of  nails,  cords,  cottons, 
and  woollens.     Pop.  3597. 

Castillonbs,  Tkis'tee^yo^ni',  a  town  of  France,  Lot-et- 
Qaronne,  17  miles  N.N.W.  of  Villeneuve-sur-Lot.    P.  1279. 

Castine,  kas-teen',  a  post-village,  summer  resort,  and 
port  of  entry  of  Hancock  co.,  Me.,  is  in  Custine  township, 
on  the  E.  side  of  Penobscot  Buy,  about  33  miles  below 
Bangor,  and  12  miles  by  water  E.  of  Belfast.  It  has  a 
good  harbor  for  large  ships,  and  a  line-  and  twine-factory. 
Here  is  the  Eastern  State  Normal  School.  Castine  has  3 
churches  and  a  brick-yard.     Pop.  of  township,  1303. 

Castine,  a  post-village  of  Darke  co.,  0.,  about  30  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Dayton.     It  has  a  tannery.     Pop.  177. 

Castione,  k&s-te-o'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy, 
province  and  20  miles  N.E.  of  Bergamo.     Pop.  1146. 

Castione,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  province 
and  4  miles  W.  of  Sondrio.     Pop.  1388. 

Castle,  kas's^l,  a  post-town  of  Meagher  co.,  Montana, 
12  miles  S.E.  of  White  Sulphur  Springs.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  mines  of  silver,  lead,  and 
copper.     Pop.  383. 

Castlcbar,  kas^sel-bar',  or  Ag'Iish,  a  town  of  Ireland, 
capital  of  the  co.  of  Mayo,  on  the  Castlebar  River,  10  miles 
by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Westport.  It  stands  on  a  plain  of  bog 
and  pasture,  and,  excepting  its  main  street  and  a  square,  it 
is  ill  built  and  paved.  Principal  edifices,  the  parish  church, 
the  castle,  a  handsome  Catholic  chapel,  the  court-house,  a 
linen-hall,  and  barracks.  It  has  some  breweries,  and  a  trade 
in  linens  and  rural  produce.  It  was  taken  in  1798  by  the 
French,  who  subsequently  abandoned  the  place  on  the  ap- 
proach of  Lord  Cornwallis.     Pop.  3508. 

CasUlebar',  or  Ting'wick,  a  post-village  in  Rich- 
mond CO.,  Quebec,  3^  miles  N.E.  of  Danville.     Pop.  150. 

Cas'tle-Bel'lingham,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Louth,  4i  miles  N.  of  Dunleer.     Pop.  537. 

Castleberry,  kas's^l-bSr-re,  a  post-office  and  station  of 
Conecuh  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Mobile  <t  Montgomery  Railroad, 
89  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mobile. 

Cas'tle-Blake'ney,  or  KilMaso'lan,  a  village  of 
Ireland,  co.  of  Galway,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Tuam. 

Casile>Blayney,  kas's^I-bli'nee,  a  town  of  Ireland, 
CO.  of  Monaghan,  15  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Dundalk,  at 
the  W.  extremity  of  Lough  Blayney.     Pop.  1809. 

Cas'tle-Ca'rey,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Somerset, 
14  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Yeovil.     Pop.  of  parish,  2021. 

Cas'tle-Ca'ry,  a  hamlet  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Stirling, 
9  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Falkirk.  It  is  supposed  to  have 
been  the  ancient  Coria  Damniorum. 

Cas'tle-Combe,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Wilts,  6 
miles  N.W.  of  Chippenham. 

Cas'tle-Co'mer,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  10  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Kilkenny.     Pop.  1321. 

Cas'tle-Con'neI,orStradbaI'ly,  a  town  of  Ireland, 
eo.  and  8  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Limerick,  on  the  Shannon. 

Castle  Craig,  a  post-village  of  Campbell  co.,  Va.,  9 
miles  (direct)  S.W.  of  Rastburg.  It  has  3  churches.  Pop.150. 


Castle  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Chenango  township,  about  9  miles  N.  of  Binghamton.  It 
has  2  churches,  2  stores,  <tc. 

Castle«Dcr'mot,  or  TrisUledcr'mot,  a  town  of 
Ireland,  oo.  of  Kildare,  on  the  Lear,  6  luiies  N.N.E.  of 
Carlow.  It  has  numerous  antiquities.  It  was  formerly  th« 
residence  of  the  kings  of  Leinster.     Pop.  727. 

Castle-Douglas,  kas's^l-diig'l^s,  a  town  of  Scotland, 
9  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Kirkcudbright.  It  is  well  built. 
Its  original  name  was  Carlinwark.     Pop.  2274. 

Cas'tle-E'den,  a  village  of  England,  co.  and  10  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Durham.     Pop.  of  parish,  093. 

Castle  Fin,  a  post-village  of  "iork  co..  Pa.,  in  Clianee- 

fortl  township,  on  the  Peach  Bottom  Ilailroad,  31  miles  S.E. 

of  York.     It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  an  iron-forge. 

CasHle-Finn',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Donegal,  on 

the  Finn,  6  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  LiBord.     Pop.  382. 

Cas'tleford,  a  town  of  England,  West  Riding  of  York- 
shire,  at  an  important  railway  junction,  7  miles  N.E.  of 
Wakefield.     Pop.  6268. 
Castlcford,  Ontario.    See  BoNNEciiinE  Point. 
Cas'tle-Greg'ory,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kerry, 
on  Tralee  Bay,  12  miles  AV.  of  Tralee.     Pop.  501. 

Castle  Grove,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Jones  co., 
Iowa,  in  Castle  Grove  township,  about  7  miles  N.  of  Ana- 
mosa.     Pop.  of  the  township,  7U7. 

Castle  Hayne,  hilne,  a  post-office  of  New  Hanover 
CO.,  N.C.,  on  the  Wilmington  &  Weldon  Railroad,  9  miles 
N.  of  Wilmington. 

Castle  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Aroostook  co..  Me.,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Caribou.     Pop.  of  Castle  Hill  plantation,  237. 
Castle-Island,  an  islet  of  Ireland,  in  Munster,  co.  of 
Cork,  in  Roaring-Water  Bay,  N.  of  Cape  Clear. 

Castle-Islaud,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kerry,  11 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Tralee.     Pop.  1767. 

Castle-Lyons,  ka8's9l-li'9nz,  a  village  of  Ireland,  oo. 
of  Cork,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Rathcormack.     Pop.  546. 

Castlemaine,  kas's^l-mane,  a  borough  in  Talbot  co., 
Victoria,  Australia,  on  Forest  Creek,  and  on  the  railroad 
from  Melbourne  to  Echuca,  ?7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Melbourne, 
in  a  mountainous  gold-region.  It  has  an  asylum  for  the 
poor,  a  hospital,  foundry,  and  several  banks.     Pop.  6935. 

Castleman  (kas's^l-man)  or  Cas'selman's  River, 
Pennsylvania,  drains  part  of  Somerset  co.,  runs  southwost- 
ward,  and  enters  the  Youghiogheny  River  at  Confluence 
Station.     It  is  about  50  miles  long. 

Castleman's  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Clarke  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Shenandoah  River. 

CasHlemar'tyr,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  18  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Cork,  on  the  Maine.     Pop.  536. 

Cas'tlemore,  a  post-village  in  Peel  co.,  Ontario,  11 
miles  from  Weston.     Pop.  200. 

Castle  Peak,  California,  is  a  peak  of  the  Sierra  Nevada, 
and  stands  on  the  boundary  between  Mono  and  Tuolumne 
COS.,  12  miles  N.  of  Mount  Dana.  Its  altitude  is  about 
13,000  feet  above  the  sea-level.  Lat.  about  38°  6'  N.  It 
is  partly  covered  with  forests  of  fir  and  pine. 

Castle  Peak,  Colorado,  is  the  highest  peak  of  the  Elk 
Mountains,  14,115  feet  above  the  sea-level.  Lat.  39°  0'  30" 
N. ;  Ion.  106°  38'  40"  W.     It  has  a  conical  summit, 

Cas'tle-Pol'lard,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Wcst- 
meath,  11  miles  N.  of  Mullingar.     Pop.  932. 

Castle-Rea,  or  Castlereagh,  kas's^l-ri',  a  market- 
town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  16  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Ros- 
common, on  the  Suck.     Pop.  1146. 

Castlereagh  (kas*8?l-ri')  River,  of  Australia,  flows 
N.W.  and  joins  the  Darling  in  lat.  30°  S.,  Ion.  147°  20'  E. 
Castie-Ri'sing,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Norfolk, 
4  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lynn-Regis.  It  has  the  remains  of  a 
castle,  formerly  the  seat  of  the  Earls  of  Arundel.  Pop.  379. 
Castle  (kas's^l)  Rock,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Doug- 
las CO.,  Col.,  on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  33 
miles  S.  of  Denver.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school, 
and  2  newsp.aper  offices.     Pop.  315. 

Castle  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dakota  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Castle  Rock  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St. 
Paul  Railroad,  33  miles  S.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  a  church,  an 
elevator,  and  a  store.     Pop.  of  the  township,  746. 

Castle  Rock,  a  station  in  Summit  co.,  Utah,  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  in  the  Echo  Canon,  20  miles  S.W. 
of  Evanston,  Wyoming.  It  takes  its  name  from  a  vast 
rock  which  is  thought  to  resemble  a  ruined  castle. 

Castle  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Cowlitz  CO.,  AVashington, 
on  the  Cowlitz  River,  20  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Kalama.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  public  school,  5  saw-  and  2  shingle- 
mills,  a  newspaper  office,  and  deposits  of  iron,  coal,  and 
gold  and  silver  ores.     Pop.  in  1890,  681. 


r 


CAS 


'«21 


CAS 


Castle  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co.,  Wis.,  12 
miles  S.B.  of  Boscobel,  and  about  60  miles  W.  of  Madison. 
It  has  a  flour-mill.     Here  is  a  rock  250  feet  high. 

Castle  Shan'non,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa., 
in  Baldwin  township,  on  the  Pittsburg  &  Castle  Shannon 
Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a  church,  a  Meth- 
odist camp-ground,  and  about  60  houses. 

Cas'tleton,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Derby,  13 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Sheffield,  at  the  bottom  of  a  rugged  emi- 
nence, on  which  stands  the  ancient  Peak  Castle,  erected  by 
William  Peveril,  natural  son  of  the  Conqueror.  There  are 
many  remarkable  natural  curiosities  in  the  neighborhood, 
tlio  most  extraordinary  of  which  is  the  Peak  Cavern,  or 
Devil's  Cave,  consisting  of  a  series  of  subterraneous  cham- 
bers, which  can  be  explored  only  by  torchlight.     Pop.  678. 

Castleton,  kas's^I-tpn,  a  post-village  of  Stark  co., 
111.,  in  Penn  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy 
Railroad,  133  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  2  churches, 
2  general  stores,  ifec.     Pop.  about  250. 

Castleton,  a  post- village  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  in  Law- 
rence township,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Peru  <fc  Chicago  Rail- 
road, 11  miles  N.N.E.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  a  church,  a 
graded  school,  and  a  carriage-factory. 

Castleton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas,  in  Cas- 
tleton  township,  on  the  Ninnescah  River,  1-1  miles  by  rail 
S.  of  Hutchinson.     Pop.  of  the  township,  448. 

Castleton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  i  mile 
from  Rowlandsvillo  Station.     It  has  a  church  and  a  mill. 

Castleton,  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.    See  Sekeca  Castle. 

Castleton,  a  post-village  of  Rensselner  co..  N.Y.,  on 
the  Hudson  River,  and  on  the  Hudson  River  Railroad,  9 
miles  S.  of  Albany.  It  has  0  churches,  a  national  bank, 
mills  which  manufacture  printing-papers,  binders'-boards, 
wrapping-papers,  &o.,  and  a  flour-mill.  It  is  connected  with 
Albany  b}'  several  lines  of  steamers.     Pop.  in  1890,  1127. 

Castleton,  a  township  of  Richmond  co.,  N.Y.,  forms 
part  of  the  N.  side  of  Staten  Island.  It  contains  the  villages 
of  Tompkinsville,  New  Brighton,  Castleton  Corners,  <fec., 
has  a  Sailors'  Snug  Harbor,  extensive  dye-works,  a  home 
for  the  children  of  mariners,  and  is  connected  by  ferries 
with  New  York  City.     Pop.  11,007. 

Castleton,  a  post-village  of  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  is  on 
Castleton  River,  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  and  on 
the  Rensselaer  &  Saratoga  Riiilroad,  11  miles  W.  of  Rut- 
land. It  is  at  the  junction  of  two  branches  of  the  railroad 
which  connect  it  with  Whitehall  and  other  towns  in  New 
York.  It  contains  a  state  normal  school,  5  churches,  the 
Castleton  Seminary,  and  a  national  bank.  Here  are  manu- 
factures of  carriages,  woollen  goods,  <fec.  The  township 
comprises  the  village  of  llydeville,  and  has  quarries  of 
mai-ble  and  slate.     Total  pop.  3243. 

Castleton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rappahannock  co.,  Va., 
10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Culpeper. 

Castleton,  a  post-village  in  Northumberland  co.,  On- 
tario, 6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Colborne.  It  has  manufactures  of 
carriages,  shingles,  and  bricks,  and  several  mills.    Pop.  400, 

Castleton  Corners,  post-office,  Richmond  co.,  N.Y. 

Castleton  River,  Vt.,  is  a  small  stream  which  runs 
westward  in  Rutland  co.,  and  enters  the  Poultney  River 
on  the  W.  boundary  of  the  state,  6  miles  W.  of  Castleton. 

Cas'tletown,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Caithness,  on 
Olrick  Bay,  near  the  N.  point  of  Great  Britain.     Pop.  911, 

Cas'tletown,  or  Cas'tletown  Bereha'ven,  a 
town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Cork,  on  the  AV.  side  of  Bantry  Bay, 
opposite  Bear  Island,  18  miles  W.  of  Bantry.     Pop.  1002, 

Castletown  (Manx,  Bulli/  (or  Ball;/)  Cashtel),  the 
capital  of  the  Isle  of  Man,  in  the  S,  extremity  of  the  island, 
on  the  AV.  shore  of  Castletown  Bay,  It  is  supposed  to  be 
the  most  ancient  town  on  the  island.  In  the. centre  is  a 
large  square,  with  a  market-house ;  St.  Mary's  church  faces 
the  parade,  and  King  William's  College  is  in  the  vicinity. 
Castle  Rushen,  said  to  have  been  built  in  960,  and  once  the 
residence  of  royalty,  now  a  prison  and  barracks,  stands  on 
a  rock  in  the  centre  of  the  town.  Here  is  the  residence  of 
the  governor  of  the  island.     Pop.  2320. 

Castletown-Roche,  roch,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Cork,  on  the  Awbog,  8  miles  W.N.W,  of  Fermoy,     Pop.  801. 

CasHletowns'eud,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Cork, 
on  the  W.  side  of  Castlehaven  Bay,  4  miles  E.S.E.  of  Skib- 
bereen.     Pop.  474. 

Cas'tle-Wel'lan,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Down, 
6  miles  S.W.  of  Clogh.     Pop.  763. 

Cas'tlewood,  a  station  on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Rail- 
road, in  St.  Louis  co..  Mo.,  23  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Castiewood,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hamlin  co., 
■  B.D.,  14  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Watertown.  It  has  3  churches, 
.  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  300. 


Cas'ton,  apost- village  of  Choctaw  Nation,  Indian  Ter- 
ritory, 39  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Fort  Smith,  Ark.    Pop.  100. 

Cas'tor,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Northampton,  4 
miles  by  railway  W.  of  Peterborough,  Pop.  680.  Castor 
is  the  Darohriese  of  Antoninus. 

Cas'tor,  a  post-office  of  AVayne  CO.,  111. 

Castor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bollinger  co.,  Mo.,  in  FilU 
more  township,  10  miles  S.  of  Marquand. 

Castor,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  1000, 

Castor,  a  township  of  Stoddard  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  278,5. 
It  contains  Bloomfield. 

Cas'tor,  an  island  of  Quebec,  at  the  N.AV.  end  of  Lake 
St.  Peter,  which  is  an  expansion  of  the  river  St.  Lawrence. 

Castor,  a  village  of  Ontario.     See  Russbll. 

Castor  Bayou,  bi'oo,  Louisiana,  rises  in  Jackson 
parish,  runs  in  a  general  southward  direction,  and  enters 
the  Dugdemona  River  on  the  boundary  between  the  parishes 
of  Catahoula  and  Winn.     It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Casto'ria,  a  township  of  San  Joaquin  co.,  Cal.  Pop. 
1184,     It  contains  French  Camp. 

Cas'torland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Utica  <fc  Black  River  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Carthage, 

Castor  River,  Missouri,  drains  parts  of  the  cos,  of 
Bollinger,  Wayne,  and  Stoddard,  runs  mostly  southward 
and  southeastward  in  a  low,  level,  and  swampy  district, 
and  enters  a  largo  lake  in  New  Madrid  co. 

Castor  Sulphur  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Catahoula 
parish.  La.,  on  Castor  Bayou,  60  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Monroe, 
It  has  2  churches,  a  lumber-mill,  and  medicinal  springs, 
which  are  much  frequented. 

Cas'torville,  a  hamlet  of  Stoddard  co..  Mo,,  on  th« 
Castor  River,  10  miles  N,AV.  of  Bloomfield.  It  has  a  church, 
a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  2  stores. 

Castra  Augustana.    See  Straubisg, 

Castra  Caecilia,  the  ancient  name  of  Caceresi, 

Castra  Corneliana.    See  Gellah. 

Castra  Regma,  an  ancient  name  of  Ratisbon. 

Castra  Viniana,  supposed  ancient  name  for  Baexa. 

Castremonium,  supposed  ancient  name  of  CASTno, 

Castres,  kdst'r,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Tarn, 
on  both  sides  of  the  Agout,  25  miles  S.E,  of  Alby,  Pop. 
21,357,  It  is  the  most  populous  town  in  the  department, 
and  is  an  important  railway  junction.  Though  generally 
ill  built,  it  has  some  good  edifices,  including  the  old  epis- 
copal palace,  now  the  town  hall,  a  public  library,  a  church 
with  works  of  art,  a  theatre,  barracks,  and  exchange.  It  is 
the  seat  of  a  Protestant  consistory,  and  has  important  man- 
ufactures of  cassimeres,  military  clothing,  cotton  goods,  cop- 
per wares,  glue,  soap,  paper,  and  leather.  Coal,  iron,  lead, 
and  copper  are  mined  in  its  vicinity,  and  the  town  has  an 
active  trade  in  wool,  liqueurs,  and  confectionery. 

Castres,  a  town  of  France,  in  Girondo,  11  miles  S.E. 
of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  739. 

Castri,  kis'trce,  a  village  of  Greece,  in  Phocis,  occupy- 
ing a  portion  of  the  site  of  ancient  Delphi,  on  the  soutiiern 
declivity  of  JMount  Parnassus,  7  miles  E.  of  Salona.  About 
250  yards  E.  is  the  famous  Castalian  Spring. 

Castricum,  a  village  of  Holland.    See  Kastrikum. 

Castries,  kis'tree',  a  town  of  France,  in  Hcrault,  7 
miles  N.E.  of  Montpellier.     Pop.  1415, 

Castries,  kfls'trce',  or  Port  Castries,  a  town  and 
port  of  entry  of  the  British  West  Indies,  capital  of  the 
island  of  St.  Lucia,  on  its  W.  coast,  with  a  good  port  and 
extensive  commerce.     Pop.  4300. 

Castro,  kis'tro,  a  town  of  Italy,  10  miles  S.AV,  of 
Otranto,  on  the  Adriatic,  It  has  an  old  castle,  a  harbor  for 
small  vessels,  and  some  export  trade. 

Castro  (ano.  Castremo'niumt),  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  25  miles  AV.N.AV.  of  Viterbo. 

Castro,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Rome,  9  miles  S. 
of  Frosinone.     Pop.  3684. 

Castro,  kis'tro  (anc.  Mityle'ne),  a  town  of  Asiatic  Tur- 
key, capital  of  the  island  of  Mitylene,  on  its  E.  coast,  65 
miles  N.W.  of  Smyrna.  It  extends  in  a  semicircle  around 
a  shallow  harbor,  and  has  a  large  castle,  several  churches, 
convents,  and  mosques.  In  its  suburbs  are  many  vestiges 
of  the  ancient  Mitylene,  It  is  tho  seat  of  a  Catholic  arch- 
bishop (Armenian  rite).     Pop.  6000. 

Castro,  Greece  and  Turkey.    See  Andro  and  Scio. 

Castro,  kis'tro,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  of  Sao  Paulo, 
W,  of  the  Serra  do  Mar,  and  85  miles  N,AV.  of  Curitiba. 
Pop.  of  the  district,  8000, 

Castro,  kis'tro,  a  town  of  Chili,  on  the  E.  coast  of  the 
island  of  Chiloe,  at  the  head  of  a  fine  bay  of  the  same  name. 
Its  port  is  good,  and  it  carries  on  some  trade.     Pop.  405. 

Cas'tro,  a  county  in  the  N.AV.  of  Texas,  traversed  by 
the  Red  River.    Area,  900  square  miles. 


OAS 


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CAT 


Caatro-Contrigo',  k&s'tro-kon-trae'go,  a  town  of 
Bpain,  40  milM  S.W.  of  Loon,  on  the  Eria.     Pop.  903. 

Cnstro  Daire^  k&a'tro  dl'rA,  a  town  of  Portugal,  prov- 
inco  of  licinv,  IS  iniloa  S.S.W.  of  Laiuego.     Pop.  318.S. 

Cnstro  del  Rio,  k&ji'tro  di\  roo'o,  a  town  of  Spain, 
in  Andalusia,  IR  miles  8.E.  by  S.  of  Cordora,  on  the  Uua- 
dajot.  The  ancient  part  of  the  town  is  surrounded  by  a 
dilapidated  wall,  flanked  with  towers,  and  entered  by  one 
gate,  which  was  defended  by  an  Arab  castle,  now  ruinous. 
(The  modern  portion  is  outside  tho  walls.  Most  of  the  streets 
are  wide  and  regular,  lined  with  well-built  houses  and  hand- 
some public  edifices.  Its  parish  church  is  spacious,  has 
three  nares  and  a  lofty  tower,  and  here  are  two  colleges, 
several  hospitals,  a  town  hall,  prison,  storo-houso,  nnd  ceme- 
tery. It  has  manufactures  of  linen,  woollen,  and  hempen 
fabrics,  earthenware,  tiles,  bricks,  lime,  brandy,  wine,  and 
oil ;  and  a  trade  in  wheat,  cattle,  honey,  &o.     Pop.  81)00. 

Castrogiovanni,  k&s'tro-jo-v&n'nco  (nnc.  kn'na),  a 
eity  of  Sicily,  on  a  table-land  in  the  centre  of  the  island, 
4000  feet  above  the  sea,  nnd  13  miles  N.E.  of  Caltanisctta. 
Pop.  14,411.  Though  healthy,  well  supplied  with  water, 
and  in  a  fertile  tract,  it  is  in  decay,  and  its  chief  edifice  is 
a  feudal  fortress.  Eiiiia  was  celebrated  in  antiquity  as  the 
birthplace  of  Ceres  and  the  site  of  her  most  famous  temple. 
About  6  miles  distant  is  the  Lake  of  Pergusa,  where  Pros- 
erpine, according  to  tho  poets,  was  carried  off  by  Pluto. 

CastrojeriZjkis'tro-HA-reeth'  (ano.  Cuetnim  Cm»ari»?), 
a  town  of  Spain,  18  miles  W.  of  Burgos.     Pop.  2124. 

Castro  liaboreiro,  k&s'tro  l&-bo-ri'c-ro,  a  town  of 
Portugal,  in  Minho,  32  miles  N.E.  of  Ponto-dc-Lima,  on 
an  elevated  plateau  near  the  frontiers  of  Spain.  It  con- 
tains an  old  ruined  castle,  and,  owing  to  its  great  height, 
is  considered  the  coldest  place  in  Portugal.     Pop.  2092. 

Castro  Mariin,  kis'tro  luA-reeN"',  a  town  of  Portugal, 
in  Algarve,  in  the  S.E.  corner  of  the  kingdom,  on  the  Qua- 
diana,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Tavira.     Pop.  3573. 

Castronnovo,  kis'tro-noo-c'vo,  a  town  of  Sicily,  25 
miles  N.  of  Girgenti.  Pop.  4313.  Near  it  are  qunrrios  of 
fine  marble. 

Castronnovo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  34  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  3050. 

Castropignano,  kis'tro-peen-yl'no,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  5  miles  W.N.W.  of  Campobasso.     Pop.  3209. 

Castropol,  k&s-tro-pol',  a  seaport  of  Spain,  province 
and  58  miles  W.N.W.  of  Oviedo,  nenr  the  mouth  of  the 
Ribadeo,  in  the  Bay  of  Biscay.     Pop.  811. 

Castro-Reale,  kis'tro-ri-i'li,  a  city  of  Sicily,  on  tho 
Castro,  12  miles  S.W.  of.Milazzo.     Pop.  7660. 

Cas'tro's,  a  station  in  Santa  Clara  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  13  miles  N.W.  of  San  Jos6. 

Castro-Urdiales,  kls'tro-oon-de-i'lSs,  a  seaport  of 
Spain,  province  and  27  miles  E.  of  Santander,  on  tho  Bay 
of  Biscay.  It  has  walls,  bastions,  and  an  old  castle;  its 
harbor  is  safe,  and  it  has  extensive  fisheries.     Pop.  3391. 

Castroverde,  kis'tro-vfiit'dA,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
Alemtejo,  26  miles  S.  of  Beja.     Pop.  3400. 

Castrovillari,  kis'tro-vil-li'rec,  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
Calabria,  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cassano.  Pop.  9396.  In  its 
Ticinity  tho  cheese  called  cacio  cavallo  is  made. 

Cas'troville,  a  post-village  of  Monterey  co.,  Gal.,  is  2 
miles  from  the  Bay  of  Monterey,  and  on  tho  Southern  Pa- 
cific Railroad,  110  miles  S.S.E.  of  San  Francisco,  and  8 
miles  N.W.  of  Salinas.  It  has  2  churches,  a  money-order 
post-oflSce,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  436. 

Castroville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Medina  co.,  Tex., 
on  tho  Medina  River,  25  miles  W.S.W.  of  San  Antonio.  It 
has  2  stone  churches,  a  convent,  2  grist-mills,  a  saw-mill, 
and  manufactures  of  beer  and  wine.  Many  of  the  resi- 
dences are  built  of  stone,  which  is  quarried  hero.    Pop.  515. 

Castro-Vireyna,  kis'tro-ve-ri'e-ni,  or  Castro- 
Virryna,  kis'tro-veen-nee'nS,,  a  town  of  Peru,  depart- 
ment and  112  miles  S,W.  of  Ayacucho,  on  the  W.  slope  of 
the  Andes;  so  elevated  that  its  people  often  sufi'er  from  cold. 

Castrum  Angulare.    See  Angiiiari. 

Castrum  CiRsaris.    See  Castbojeriz. 

Castrum  de  Arcubus,  the  Latin  name  for  Lf.s  Ancs. 

Castrum  de  Corcis,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Cders. 

Castrum  Delfsiliannm,  the  Latin  for  Delfzyl. 

Castrum  de  Modino.    See  Le  Mut. 

Castrum  Densonis.    See  Doistcrg. 

Castrum  Duni.    See  Dun-le-Roi. 

Ca»*Tum  Lauri.    See  Coktemaggioke. 

Cas*rnm  I<ucii,  supposed  ancient  name  of  CaAirs. 

Castrum  Mutilum.    See  Modigliana. 

Castrum  Novum,  ancient  name  of  5iulia. 

Castrum  Novum  Ariauorum.  See  Casteiwad- 
•ARr 


Castrum  Thigernnm.    See  ThiRnn. 

Castua,  k&8-too'&,  a  town  of  Auxtria-IIiingary,  on  the  ' 
peninsula  of  Istria,  near  the  Gulf  of  Quarncro,  34  mtler 
S.E.  of  Triest.     It  wa«  the  capital  of  tho  ancient  Libumia, 
but  is  now  decayed.     Pop.  541. 

Castuera,  *k&.8-too-&'r&,  a  town  of  Spain,  68  miles  by 
rail  E.S.E.  of  Badajos,  near  the  Guadaleja.  Pop.  626(1. 
It  has  trade  in  fruit  and  wine. 

Casuentus,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Basiento. 

Caswell,  kaz'wcl,  a  county  in  tho  N.  part  of  North 
Carolina,  bordering  on  Virginia,  has  an  area  of  about  380   ' 
square  miles.     It  is  drained  by  Dan  River  nnd  several  small  ; 
affluents  of  the  same.     The  surface  is  undulating,  nnd  cs.  j 
tensively  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  fertile.    Tobaoeo,  \ 
Indian  corn,  onts,  and  wheat  are  the  staple  products.    The 
Richmond  A  Danville  Railroad  passes  through  the  N.W. 
part  of  the  county.     Capital,  Ynnceyville.     Pop.  in  1870, 
16,081;  in  1880,  17,825;  in  1890;  16,028. 

Caswell,  a  township  of  New  Hanover  co.,  N.C.  P.  1087. 

Caswell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lafayette  co.,  Miss.,  about 
16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Oxford.     It  has  several  churches. 

Catac,  the  ancient  name  of  Cuttack. 

Catahoula,  kat^q,-hoo'la,  a  parish  in  tho  centr.il  part 
of  Louisiana,  has  an  area  of  about  1250  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Ouachita  River,  and  bounded  on  the 
W.  by  Saline  Bayou.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  or  undu- 
lating, and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  ;  the  soil  is 
partly  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Capital,  Harrisonburg.  Pop.  in  1870,  8475;  in  1880, 
10,277;  in  1890,  12.002. 

Catahoula  Lake,  Louisiana,  is  in  Catahoula  parish, 
and  is  alioutlS  miles  long. 

Catalauni,  or  Catalaunum.  See  Chalons-sur. 
Marnk. 

Catali'na,  a  post-town  and  port  of  entry  on  the  N.W. 
side  of  the  entrance  to  Trinity  Bny,  Newfoundland,  60  miles 
N.N.W.  of  St.  John's.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  with  a  light- 
house.    In  the  town  is  a  fine  Anglican  church.    Pop.  1300. 

Cat'aline,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hemphill  co.,  Tex.,  18 
miles  (direct)  S.E.  of  Canadian.    It  has  a  church.  Pop.  100. 

Catalonia,  kat-a-lo'ne-a  (Sp.  Ca<a?tiR«,  kJ-ti-loon'yi; 
Fr.  Catalogue,  ki'tiMofi';  It.  Catalogna,  kd-ti-Iin'yi; 
Gor.  Catalonien,  k&-ti-lo'ne-en),  a  former  province,  now  a 
captain-generalcy,  in  the  N.E.  of  Spain,  bounded  N.  by  An- 
dorra and  the  Pyrenees,  W.  by  Aragon,  S.  by  Valencia,  and 
E.  by  the  Med'iterranean.  Length,  185  miles;  greatest 
breadth,  130  miles;  but  the  breadth  diminishes  southward 
to  23  and  22  miles.  Area,  12,613  square  miles.  Its  ciij)ital 
is  Barcelona ;  it  is  divided  into  the  provinces  of  Barcelona, 
Tarragona,  Lerida,  and  Gerona.  It  is  extremely  mountain- 
ous, being  intersected  by  contreforts  of  the  Pyrenees,  which 
separate  it  into  numerous  small  valleys.  Near  its  centre, 
Monserrat,  remarkable  for  its  curious  form,  is  3919  feet 
in  elevation.  All  the  higher  mountains  of  Catalonia  are 
perpetually  covered  with  snow,  and  the  lower  hills  with 
wood.  The  valleys  are  verdant,  and  generally  watered  by 
a  rivulet.  The  coasts,  about  190  miles  in  extent,  are  bold 
and  rugged;  the  surface  is  well  watered.  Chief  rivers,  the 
Ebro,  tho  Llobregat,  and  the  Ter.  This  is  the  best  culti- 
vated portion  of  Spain;  every  variety  of  biead-corn  is 
raised.  Among  its  mineral  riches  are  copper,  zinc,  manga- 
nese, lead,  and  coal ;  there  are  salt-works  on  the  coast,  and 
a  salt-mine  at  Cardona.  The  manufacturing  industry  of 
this  district  has  long  been  famous,  and  is  still  the  most  im- 
portant in  the  kingdom.  The  principal  articles  produced 
are  woollens,  cotton,  silk,  and  leather,  paper,  cordage,  and 
fire-arms.  The  Catalans  speak  a  peculiar  language,  distinct 
from  the  Castilian. 

Catalonia  was  anciently  under  the  dominion  of  the  Ro- 
mans, who  were  afterwards  dispossessed  by  the  Goths,  and 
they  again  by  the  Moors.  It  was  finally  reconquered  by  the 
Spaniards,  when  it  was  divided  into  departments  and  gov- 
erned by  counts.  The  national  liberties  were  secured  by 
the  Code  of  Usages,  and  the  people  were  represented  by  local 
parliaments.  In  1040  the  sovereignty  became  hereditary,  nnd 
in  1137  the  province  was  united  to  Aragon  by  the  marriaga 
of  Ramon  Berenguer  IV.  with  Petronila,  the  heiress  of  tho 
former.  Turbulent  and  impatient  of  restraint,  tho  subse- 
quent history  of  the  Catalans  presents  a  series  of  rebellions. 
Philip  v.,  after  the  capture  of  Barcelona  in  1714,  sup- 
pressed their  ancient  cortes  and  curtailed  their  liberties. 
The  principal   towns  are   Barcelona,  Tarragona,   Gerona, 

Lerida,  Reus,  Manresa,  Tortosa,  <fec.     Pop.  1,800,000. 

Adj.  and  inhab.  Cat'alan  and  Catalonian,  kat-a-lo'ne-9.n 
(Sp.  Catalan,  k&-ti-lin'). 

Cataloo'chee,  or  Cataloocha,  a  post-township  of 
Uaywood  CO.,  N.C,  48  miles  from  Newport,  Tenn.    P.  198, 


CAT 


823 


CAT 


CataluAa,  the  Spanish  for  Catalonia. 

Cata'ma  Creek,  of  Montgomery  cc,  Ala.,  enters  the 
Alabama,  Kiver  about  12  miles  AV.  of  Montgomery. 

Catamarca,  Iti-ti-mau'lti,  a  province  of  the  Argen- 
tine Republic,  between  lat.  25°  and  29°  S.  and  Ion.  66°  and 
69°  AV.,  having  AV.  the  Andes,  separating  it  from  Chili,  and 
on  other  sides  the  provinces  of  Salta,  Tucuman,  Cordova, 
and  La  Rioja.  It  is  extremely  fertile,  and  produces  corn, 
cattle,  cotton,  and  red  pepper.  The  province  abounds  in 
valuable  minerals.  Capital,  Catamarca.  Area  (oflBcial  esti- 
mate, 1887),  31,500  square  miles.     Pop.  130,000. 

Catamarca,  or  San  Fernando  de  Catamarca, 
fiin  ffiij-niln'do  d&,  ki-ti-maR'ki,  the  capital  of  the  above, 
is  on  a  small  stream,  275  miles  N.AV.  of  Santiago,  in  lat. 
27°  30'  S.,  Ion.  68°  W.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  a  large 
trade.     Pop.  5718. 

Catana,  the  ancient  name  of  Catania. 

Catanduanes,  ki-tin-doo-i'n5s,  one  of  the  Philippine 
Islands,  near  the  S.E.  coast  of  Luzon,  40  miles  long  and  15 
miles  broad.     It  is  fertile  and  well  cultivated. 

Catania,  k3,-t5.'ne-S,  (ano.  Cat'ana  or  Cat'ina),  a  city 
of  Sicily,  on  its  E.  coast,  54  miles  by  rail  N.N.AV.  of  Syra- 

Icuse.  Lat.  37°  28'  20"  N.;  Ion.  15°  5'  15"  E.  It  is  beau- 
tifully situated  at  the  foot  of  Etna,  its  despoiler  and  its 
benefactor.  The  very  substance  which  has  ravaged  its  plains 
has  been  changed  into  a  soil  of  high  fertility. 

The  city  has  a  noble  appearance  from  the  sea,  and  is  in- 
ternally very  handsome,  with  regular  and  spacious  streets 
!  paved  with  lava,  of  which  material  the  numerous  public 
buildings  are  constructed,  the  latter  being  faced  with  mag- 
nesian  limestone  and  enriched  with  marbles.  A  natural 
mole  of  lava  encloses  the  harbor,  and  an  expensive  artificial 
breakwater  has  been  built.  Principal  edifices,  the  cathedral, 
the  senate-house,  the  government  pawn-bank,  a  Benedict- 
ine convent  of  vast  extent  and  with  a  superb  church  and  a 
large  museum,  .fee,  numerous  other  convents,  50  churches, 
some  of  which  are  very  splendid,  several  charitable  estab- 
lishments, foundling  and  lying-in  hospitals,  and  a  Magdalen 
asylum.  In  a  fine  square  near  the  cathedral  is  a  lava  statue 
representing  an  elephant  bearing  an  obelisk,  believed  to  bo 
a  genuine  antique.  The  university,  founded  in  1445,  has  a 
large  revenue,  and  its  library  and  museums  are  open  on 
holidays  to  the  public.  Catania  has  a  college  of  arts  and 
numerous  private  museums ;  it  is  an  archbishop's  see,  the 
seat  of  high  civil  and  criminal  courts,  and  is  invested 
with  various  privileges.  It  has  extensive  manufactures 
of  silk  fabrics,  and  of  wares  in  lava  and  amber ;  besides 
which  goods  it  exports  corn,  macaroni,  potatoes,  olives,  figs, 
raw  silk,  wine,  soda,  manna,  cantharides,  and  snow  from 
Mount  Etna.*  The  harbor  is  not  adequate  to  the  importance 
of  the  city,  but  it  is  generally  full  of  small  craft.  It  is 
email,  and  during  a  strong  sirocco  no  ship  can  enter. 

Catania  is  supposed  to  have  been  founded  by  the  Phoeni- 
eians.  It  was  occupied  by  the  Romans,  and  by  them  adorned 
with  edifices  of  great  magnificence,  most  of  which,  how- 
ever, have  been  destroyed  by  earthquakes  and  by  lava.  The 
ruins  of  the  amphitheatre,  which  was  more  extensive  than 
any  other  edifice  of  the  same  kind  now  known  to  exist,  are 
still  to  be  seen ;  as  also  the  remains  of  the  theatre,  baths, 
aqueducts,  sepulchral  chambers,  hippodrome,  and  several 
temples.  Besides  being  destroyed  by  the  earthquake  of 
1693,  the  town  again  suffered  i'rom  a  similar  calamity  in 
1783, 1818,  and  18it5.  Pop.  in  187 1 ,  84,379  ;  in  1881,  96,017. 
• Adj.  and  inhab.  Catanian,  ki-ti'ne-an. 

Catania,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Sicily,  having  on  the 
E.  the  sea.  Area,  1970  square  miles.  Capital,  Catania. 
Pop.  495,415. 

Catanzaro,  ki-tin-zi'ro,  a  city  of  Italy,  capital  of  the 
province  of  Catanzaro,  on  a  mountain  near  the  Gulf  of 
Squillace,  33  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cosenza.  Pop.  24,900.  Many 
of  its  principal  buildings  were  destroyed  by  the  earthquake 
of  1783 ;  it  has  a  cathedral,  a  castle,  a  royal  academy  of 
sciences,  diocesan  school,  college,  and  foundling  hospital, 
with  a  government  pawn-bank  and  other  charitable  insti- 
tutions. It  is  the  seat  of  a  bishop,  and  has  manufactures 
of  silk,  velvet,  and  woollen  fabrics,  and  an  active  trade  in 
agricultural  produce. 

Catanzaro,  sometimes  called  Calabria  Ulteriore 
(or  Ultra,  ool'tri)  II,  ka,-ia,'br?-a,  ool-td-r?-o'rd.  si-kon'- 
d4,  a  province  of  Italy,  eompartimento  of  Calabria.  Area, 
2307  square  miles.  It  has  the  Mediterranean  on  the  AV., 
and  the  Gulf  of  Taranto  on  the  E.  Capital,  Catanzaro. 
Pop.  in  1871,  412,226;  in  1881,  433,975, 

Catapuliclic,  ki-ti-poo-iee'chi,  a  river  of  South 
America,  rises  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Chilian  Andes,  about 
lat.  39°  15'  S.,  and,  after  a  course  of  58  miles,  falls  into  the 
Rio  Negro  about  lat  40°  3'  S. 


Cat'aract,  a  post-hamlet  of  Owen  oo.,  Ind.,  on  Bel 
River,  about  34  miles  E.  of  Terre  Haute.  It  has  2  churches. 
The  river  falls  60  feet  near  this  place.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Cataract,  a  post- village  of  Monroe  co.,  AVis.,  in  Littlo 
Falls  township,  on  Big  Creek,  10  miles  N.  of  Sparta,  and 
about  30  miles  N.E.  of  La  Crosse.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist- 
mill, a  town  hall,  3  stores,  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Cataract,  or  Church's  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Card- 
well  CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  river  Credit,  3i  miles  from  Alton. 
It  has  2  woollen-mills,  a  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  a  brewery, 
and  a  flax-mill.     Pop.  200. 

Cataraqui^  ki'tiva'kee',  or  Waterloo,  a  post-vil- 
lage in  Frontenac  co.,  Ontario,  2  miles  AV.  of  Kingston. 
Pop.  300. 

Catarrh,  ka-tar',  a  post-office  of  Chesterfield  co.,  S.C. 

Catarroja,  kil-tan-Ro'HS,,  a  town  of  Spain,  6  miles  S. 
of  Valencia.   Pop.  4430,  engaged  in  raising  rice  and  fishing. 

CatasAltas,k3,'tisirtis,  a  village  of  Brazil,  in  Minas- 
Geraes,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ouro  Preto.  Pop.  3000.  In  its 
vicinity  are  iron-mines. 

Cat^asau'qua,  a  post-borough  of  Lehigh  co..  Pa,,  is 
on  the  left  or  E.  bank  of  the  Lehigh  River,  3  miles  above 
Allentown,  and  60  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It  is  on  the 
Lehigh  &  Susquehanna  Branch  of  the  Central  Railroad  of 
New  Jersey,  at  the  junction  of  the  Catasauqua  <fe  Fogles- 
ville  Railroad.  It  contains  13  churches,  a  national  bank, 
10  hotels. graded  schools,  2  machine-shops,  4  rolling-mills,  2 
iron-foundries,  gas-works,  manufactures  of  fire-bricks  and 
railroad-cars,  4  blast-furnaces  of  the  Crane  Iron  Company, 
a  horseshoe-works,  steel-works,  2  silk-mills,  and  a  flour- 
mill.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  The 
Lehigh  Valley  Railroad  {>asses  along  the  opposite  bank  of 
the  river.     Pop.  in  1890,  3704. 

Cat'atonk',  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  co.,  N.Y.,  4  miles 
by  rail  N.AV.  of  Owego.     It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  Ac. 

Catan'la,  a  post-oflSce  of  Harris  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  North 
<fc  South  Railroad  of  Georgia,  15  miles  N.  of  Columbus. 

Cataw'ba,  a  county  in  the  west-central  part  of  North 
Carolina,  has  nn  area  of  375  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  and  N.E.  by  the  Catawba  River,  and  is  drained  by 
the  Little  (or  South)  Catawba.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  un- 
dulating; the  soil  produces  Indian  corn,  oats,  grass,  Ac. 
Granite  is  found  here.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
AVestern  North  Carolina  Railroad.  Capital,  Newton.  Pop. 
in  1870,  10.984;  in  1880,  14,916;  in  1890,  18,689. 

Catawba,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pendleton  co.,  Ky.,  4  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Falmouth.     It  has  a  church, 

Catawba,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caldwell  oo.,  Mo,,  9  miles 
from  Breckenridge.     It  has  a  church, 

Catawba,  a  post -village  of  Catawba  oo.,  N.O.,  on  tho 
AVestern  North  Carolina  Railroad,  and  on  the  Catawba 
River,  38  miles  AV,  by  N,  of  Salisbury.  It  has  an  academy, 
2  churches,  2  cotton-factories,  and  a  manufactory  of  iron. 

Catawba,  a  post-village  of  Clarke  co.,  0.,  12  miles 
(direct)  N.E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop,  318. 
Catawba  Station  is  on  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati  &  Indian- 
apolis Railroad,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Springfield. 

Catawba,  a  post-office  of  Roanoke  co.,  A''a. 

Catawba,  a  post-village  of  Marion  CO.,  AV.  Va,.,  6  miles 
by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Fairmont.  It  has  a  church,  and  nn 
academy.     Pop.  300. 

Catawba  Island,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ottawa  co,,  0.,  in 
a  township  of  its  own  name,  on  Lake  Erie,  7  miles  from 
Gypsum  Railroad  Station,  and  12  miles  N,AV.  of  Sandusky. 
It  has  manufactures  of  wine.     Pop.  of  township,  515, 

Catawba  (or  Great  Catawba)  River  rises  at  tho 
Blue  Ridge,  in  A\''estern  North  Carolina.  It  flows  eastward 
and  drains  parts  of  Burke,  Catawba,  and  Iredell  cos.  From 
the  last  it  runs  southward  into  York  co.,  S.C,  and  it  forms 
the  boundary  between  Chester  and  Lancaster  cos,  until  it 
reaches  Rocky  Mount,  S,C.  Below  this  point  the  stream  is 
called  the  AA'ateree  River.  The  Catawba  is  nearly  300 
miles  long.  Gold  is  found  near  this  river.  An  affluent, 
called  tho  Little  (or  South)  Catiiwba,  intersects  Lincoln  and 
G.aston  cos.,  and  enters  the  Catawba  River  from  the  right 
about  15  miles  S.AV.  of  Charlotte. 

Catawba  River,  a  post-office  of  York  co.,  S.C. 

CataAvba  Springs,  a  township  of  Lincoln  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  2097. 

Catawis'sa,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co..  Mo.,  on 
Maramee  River,  and  on  the  Atlantic  <fc  Pacific  Railroad, 
42  miles  AV.S.AV.  of  St.  Louis.     It  has  a  plough-factory,  <to. 

Catawissa,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co..  Pa.,  is  in 
Catawissa  township,  on  the  North  Branch  of  the  Susque- 
hanna River,  at  the  mouth  of  Catawissa  Creek,  9  miles  E. 
of  Danville,  and  4  miles  S.  of  Bloomsburg.  It  is  on  tho 
Catawissa'  k  AVilliamsport  Branch  of  tho  Reading  Rail- 


CAT 


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road,  and  on  the  Siinbury,  Ilasleton  &  Wilkobarre,  and 
the  N.  A  W.  Branch  Itailroad,  branches  of  the  Pennsylva- 
nia lUilroad.  It  haa  a  paper-mill,  2  flour-mills,  a  na- 
tional bunk,  G  ohurohes,  a  foundry,  railroad  oar-shops,  2 
broom-  and  2  shoc-footories,  and  a  newspaper  oflSoe.  Pop. 
in  1890,  I8U0. 

Cntn\vis9a  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Schuylkill 
eo.,  runs  northwestward,  and  enters  the  North  Branch  of 
the  Susquehanna  River  at  Catawissa,  in  Columbia  oo. 

CatRwissa  Junction.    See  MiLTO>r,  Pa. 

Cata\vi»«»(n  Mountain,  Pennsylvania,  on  the  S.  side 
of  Cntftwisga  Creek,  is  principally  included  in  Columbia  co., 
between  its  southoastorn  limit  and  the  Susquehanna  River. 

Catbalogan,  k&t-b&-lu-f;&n',  written  also  Cadva- 
longa,  k&<i-v&-lon'g&,  a  town  of  the  Philippines,  on  the 
island  of  Samar,  at  the  mouth  of  a  small  river  near  the 
centre  of  the  W.  coast.  It  is  regularly  built,  and  is  tho 
residence  of  a  Spanish  alcalde.     Pop.  6U00. 

Catch,  the  French  for  Cutch, 

Cat  Creeli,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lowndes  oo.,  Ga.,  12  miles 
from  Valdosta. 

Cat  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Powell  co.,  Ky.,  3  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Stanton.  It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 
Rosslyn  is  the  station  name.     Pop.  100. 

Cateau-Cambresis,  k&Ho' -kftu^br^h -see',  or  ILe 
Catean,  l^h  kAMo'.a  town  of  France,  department  of  Nord, 
on  a  railway,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cambrai.  Pop.  9974.  It 
is  well  built,  and  has  manufactures  of  shawls,  mcrinoos,  and 
calicoes,  and  important  coal-mines.  The  treaty  of  Cateau- 
Cambresis,  between  Philip  II.  of  Spain  and  Henry  II.  of 
France,  was  signed  here  in  1559. 

Cateran  Loch,  a  lake  of  Scotland.  See  Loch  Katrine. 

Caterii,  k4H?r'lee',  a  town  of  Turkey,  on  the  Sea  of 
Marmora,  175  miles  N.N.E.  of  Smyrna. 

Cat'fish,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  18  miles 
(direct)  S.E.  of  Oswego.     It  haa  a  cheese-factory. 

Catfish,  a  hamlet  of  Blair  co..  Pa.,  2  miles  from  Holli- 
daysburg. 

Catfish,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarion  co..  Pa.,  in  Madison 
township,  on  the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the  Alleghany 
Valley  llailroad,  71  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a 
church  and  coal-mines. 

Catfish  Creek,  South  Carolina,  runs  southward  in 
Marion  co.,  and  enters  the  Great  Pedee  River. 

Catfish   Landing   Blufi',  a  village   of  Livingston 

?arish.  La.,  on  the  Amite  River,  21  miles  W.  of  Ponchatoula. 
t  has  2  churches  and  a  manufactory  of  staves  and  heading. 
Here  is  Maurepas  Post-Office. 

Catfish  Point,  a  post-office  of  Bolivar  co.,  Miss. 

Catfish  River,  Wis.,  is  the  outlet  of  four  lakes  which 
are  in  Dane  co.,  and  are  called  Mendota,  Menona,  Wau- 
besa,  and  Kegonsa.  It  runs  southeastward  and  enters  Rock 
River  in  Rock  co.,  about  10  miles  above  Janesville.  It 
affords  abundant  water-power. 

Cath'arine,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuyler  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Catharine  township,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Havana,  and  about  15 
miles  N.  of  Elmira.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  tannery.  The 
towuship  contains  other  hamlets,  named  Alpine  and  Odessa. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1521. 

Catharine,  a  township  of  Blair  oo..  Pa.     Pop.  907. 

Catharine  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Onslow  co.,  N.C., 
on  a  lake,  about  35  miles  S.W.  of  New-Berne.  It  has  2 
stores  and  a  turpentine-distillery. 

Cathar'pin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prince  William  co.,  Va., 
4  miles  N.  of  Gainesville  Railroad  Station. 

Cathay,  a  mediaeval  name  for  China  and  eastern 
Tartauy. 

Cath'cart,  or  Syd'enham,  a  post-village  in  Brant 
CO.,  Ontario,  6  miles  from  Princeton.     Pop.  160. 

Cathe'dral  Peak,  California,  is  a  granitic  peak  of 
tho  Sierra  Nevada,  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Mariposa  co.  It  is 
near  lat.  37°  50'  N.,  and  is  about  11,000  feet  high.  The 
Merced  River  rises  near  the  base  of  this  grand  landmark. 

Cath'erine,  or  Catherine's,  a  group  of  three  small 
low  islands,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  Gilolo  Passage.  Lat.  0° 
39' S.;  Ion.  129°  11'  E. 

Catherine,  or  Catherine's,  several  small  islets  off 
the  extreme  S.  point  of  Boothia  Felix,  Northern  Canada. 
Lat.  69°  20'  .37"  N. ;  Ion.  94°  31'  55"  W. 

Catherlogh,  the  original  name  of  Carlow. 

Cath'erton,  a  post-office  of  Webster  co.,  Neb^ 

Cath'ey's  Creek,  a  township  of  Transylvania  oo., 
N.C.     Pop.  515. 

CathMam'et,  a  post-village  of  Wahkiakum  oo.,  Wash- 
ington, on  the  Columbia  River,  40  miles  below  Kalama, 
and  about  70  miles  S.S.W.  of  Olympia.  It  has  a  salmon- 
fishery  and  canning- factory,  and  3  boat-shops. 


CathMapoo'tle  Ilivcr,  Washington,  rises  in  Ska. 
mania  oo.,  among  the  mountains,  runs  nearly  southwest- 
ward,  and  enters  the  Columbia  River  in  Clarke  co.,  about  14 
miles  below  the  mouth  of  tho  Willamette.  It  is  nearly  100 
miles  long.  The  South  Fork  of  the  Ciithlapootio  rixes  in 
Skamania  co.,  and  enters  tho  Cathlapootio  on  the  left  hand, 
about  3  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Catillon,  or  Catillon«8ur-Sambrc,  k&'tco'y6ii«'- 
sUR-s&mb'r,  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  19  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Cambrai.     It  has  manufactures  of  thread.     Pop.  1243. 

Catiua,  an  ancient  name  of  Catania. 

Catinguinha,  a  town  of  Brazil.     See  VAI.EN9A. 

Cat  Island,  Crittenden  co.,  Ark.,  is  a  8teambuat-land> 
ing  on  tho  Mississippi  River,  20  miles  below  Memphis. 

Cat  Island,  or  Guanahani,  gwil'n&-hi'nee,  one  of 
tho  Bahama  Islands,  long  regarded  as  the  San  Salv.ador  of 
Columbus  and  tho  first  discovered  land  of  the  New  World, 
but  that  honor  is  now  conceded  to  AVatling  Island.  It  is 
36  miles  long,  and  from  3  to  7  miles  broad.     Pop.  2378. 

Cat  Island,  a  small  island  of  Canada,  in  Lake  Huron, 
lying  between  the  Isle  of  Cove  and  Horse  Island. 

Cat  Island,  at  the  entrance  of  Lake  Borgne,  La.,  it 
5  miles  MV.  of  Ship  Island. 

Cat  Kays,  or  Cat  Keys,  a  group  of  islets  off  Grent 
Bahama  Bank,  the  largest  70  miles  S.S.W.  of  the  nearest 
point  of  Great  Bahama  Island,  and  10  miles  from  the  ]in- 
mini  Islands.  It  has  a  light-house,  with  a  tower  55  feet  in 
height.     Lat.  25°  34'  30"  N.;  Ion.  79°  18'  24"  W. 

i;atleu's  Mills,  Tenn.    See  RicnARDsoN's  Mills. 

Cat'lctt,  a  post-village  of  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  45  miles  from  Washington, 
D.C.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Cat'lettsburg,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Boyd  co.,  Ky., 
on  tho  Ohio  River,  at  the  mouth  of  tho  Big  Sandy,  about 
12  miles  above  Ironton,  0.,  and  115  miles  E.  by  N.  from 
Lexington.  It  has  a  bank,  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a 
grist-mill,  and  4  saw-mills.  A  weekly  newspaper  and  a  re- 
ligious paper  are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1374. 

Catlettsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sevier  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
Pigeon  River,  16  miles  from  Strawberry  Plains.  It  has  a 
grist-mill,  a  cotton-gin,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Cat'lin,  a  post-village  of  Vermilion  co..  111.,  in  Catlin 
township,  on  the  Wabush  Railroad.  6  miles  S.W.  of  Dan- 
ville. It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  money- 
order  post-ofiice.  Coal  is  mined  here.  Pop.  about  400  j  of 
the  township,  1826. 

Catlin,  a  post-villiige  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.,  in  Raccoon 
township,  on  the  Logansport,  Crawfordsville  &  Southwest- 
ern Railroad,  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Terre  Haute.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Coal  ft  mined  here. 

Catlin,  a  post-township  of  Chemung  co.,  N.Y.,  about  10 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Elmira,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  tho 
Northern  Central  Railroad.     Pop.  1342. 

Catmandoo,  capital  of  Nepaul.     See  Khatmandoo. 

Ca'to,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co.,  Kansas,  about  15 
miles  S.  of  Fort  Scott.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Cato,  a  hamlet  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ky.,  1  mile  from  tho 
Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad,  and  15  miles  from  Hall's 
Gap  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Cato,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.,  in  Cato 
township,  about  38  miles  N.N.E.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has 
manufactures  of  lumber  and  pumps.    Pop.  of  township,  739. 

Cato,  a  post-village  of  Rankin  co..  Miss.,  16  miles  S.  of 
Brandon.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  lumber- 
mill.     Here  are  large  pine  forests. 

Cato,  a  post-village  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  tho  N. 
border  of  Cato  township,  and  on  the  Southern  Central  Rail- 
road, 18  miles  N.  of  Auburn.  It  is  partly  in  Ira  township. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  machine-shop,  a  flour-mill,  a  plough- 
factory,  Ac.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  Seneca 
River.     Pop.  of  Cato  township,  2097. 

Cato,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alanitowoc  CO.,  Wis.,  in  Cato 
township,  on  the  Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore  &  Western  Rail- 
road, 12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Manitowoc.  It  has  a  church. 
The  township  is  intersected  by  the  Manitowoc  River,  and 
contains  Clark's  Mills.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1906. 

Catoc'tin,  a  station  in  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Bal- 
timore &  Ohio  Railroad,  71  miles  W.  of  Baltimore,  and  on 
the  Potomac  River. 

Catoctin  Creek,  of  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  runs  south- 
ward, and  enters  tho  Potomac  River  about  9  miles  below 
Harper's  Feri^.  About  4  miles  E.  of  it  is  Catoctin  Moun- 
tain, a  ridge  extending  N.  and  S. 

Catoctin  Furnace,  a  post-village  of  Frederick  co., 
Md.,  12  miles  N.  of  Frederick  City,  and  3  miles  S.  of  Me- 
chanicstown.  It  is  on  or  near  the  Catoctin  Mountain.  It 
has  3  furnaces  for  pig-iron,  and  a  grist-mill 


CAT 


825 


CAU 


Cato'mn,  a  station  on  the  Mobile  <t  Montgomery  Eail- 
Toad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Montgomery,  Ala. 

Ca'toiij  a  post-township  of  Steuben  CO.,  N.Y.,  about 
12  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Elmira,  borders  on  Pennsylvania.  It 
contains  a  village  named  Caton  Centre.     Pop.  16.35. 

Caton  Centre,  a  village  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Caton  township,  7  miles  S.  of  Corning.  It  has  2  churches. 
iPop.  about  150.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Caton. 

Ca'tonsville,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  3 
miles  W.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  a  convent,  2  academies,  a 
cigar-factory,  a  pottery,  a  printing-office,  &c.     Pop.  2115. 

Catoo'sa,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Georgia,  has 
an  area  of  about  180  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Chick- 
amauga  Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  mostly  covered 
i  With  forests.  Wheiit,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  grass  are  the 
staple  products  of  the  soil.  The  county  is  intersected  by 
I  the  AVestern  &  Atliintic  Railroad.  Capital,  Ringgold. 
[Pop.  in  1870,  4409  ;  in  1880,  4739  ;  in  1890,  5431. 
(  Catoosa  Springs,  a  watering-place  of  Catoosa  co., 
I  6a.,  8  miles  E.  of  Ringgold.  Here  are  excellent  saline 
chalybeate  springs,  with  good  hotels. 
i  Cat'rail,  Dividing  Fence,  or  Picts'  Work'- 
ditch,  a  name  applied  to  the  remains  of  a  fosse  and  double 
rampart,  with  round  forts  at  intervals,  in  Scotland,  cos.  of 
Selkirk  and  Roxburgh,  and  which  is  supposed  to  have  been 
a  line  of  defence  raised  by  the  Britons  against  the  invading 
Saxons.  It  commences  1  mile  W.  of  Galashiels,  extends  S. 
by  E.  to  the  Cheviots,  and  is  from  20  to  24  feet  in  breadth. 

Catral,  kl-tr41',  a  town  of  Spain,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Ali- 
cante.    It  has  linen-manufactures.     Pop.  1447. 

Catriniani,ki-tre-m3,'nee,or  Caritamini,kJ-re-ti- 
mee'nee,  a  river  of  Brazil,  province  of  Pard,  rising  in  a 
range  which  forms  a  continuation  of  the  Serra  Carumani, 
about  lat.  2°  N.,  and,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  about  100  miles, 
falling  into  the  Rio  Branco,  near  Carmo,  in  lat.  0°  28'  N., 
Ion.  02°  8'  W.     It  is  encumbered  by  rocks  and  cataracts. 

Ca'trine,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  parish  of 
Sorn,  on  the  Ayr,  2.^  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mauchline.  It  has 
cotton-mills.     Pop.  2584. 

Cats'kill,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y., 
is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Hudson  River, 
at  the  mouth  of  Catskill  Creek,  34  miles  below  Albany. 
It  contains  a  court-house,  7  churches,  a  savings  bank,  2 
national  banks,  the  Catskill  Free  Academy,  St.  Patrick's 
Academy,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  2  weekly  news- 
papers. Here  are  2  knitting-mills,  a  facing-mill,  a  chair- 
factory,  2  sash-  and  blind-factories,  a  paper-mill,  and  sev- 
eral stone-yards  and  ice-houses.  Pop.  in  1890,4920;  of 
the  township  (which  also  contains  Palensville),  8263.  See 
Catskill  Station. 

Catskill  Creek,  New  fork,  drains  part  of  Albany 
eo.,  runs  southeastward  through  Greene  co.,  and  enters  the 
Hudson  River  at  Catskill.     It  is  nearly  60  miles  long. 

Catskill  Mountains,  New  York,  a  group  of  the  Ap- 
palachian system,  principally  in  Greene  co.,  but  extending 
into  the  N.W.  part  of  Ulster  co.  The  highest  mountains  of 
this  group  are  Round  Top  and  High  Peak,  the  former  rising 
3804  feet  above  the  sea,  and  the  latter  about  3720  feet. 
They  are  composed  partly  of  old  red  sandstone  of  the 
Devonian  age.  This  rock  was  formed  in  a  later  period 
of  geological  history  than  any  other  in  New  York.  Their 
summits  are  broad  and  rocky,  and  their  declivities  steep. 
These  mountains  abouiiu  in  magnificent  and  picturesque 
scenery,  diversified  by  high  precipices,  cataracts,  and  deep 
ravines  bordered  by  almost  perpendicular  cliffs,  'ihe  eastern 
base  of  this  group  is  about  7  miles  W.  of  the  Hudson  River. 
On  a  terrace  of  Pine  Orchard  Mountain,  about  12  miles  W. 
of  the  village  of  Catskill,  is  the  Mountain  House,  a  summer 
resort,  which  is  annually  visited  by  thousands  of  tourists. 
This  hotel  is  nearly  2400  feet  higher  than  the  Hudson  River, 
of  which  it  commands  an  extensive  and  beautiful  view. 

Catskill  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Hudson  River,  opposite  Catskill,  and  on  the  Hud- 
son River  Railroad,  33  miles  S.  of  Albany,  and  109  miles 
N.  of  New  York  City.     Here  is  a  church. 

Cat  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Austin  co.,  Tex.,  15  miles 
N.E.  of  Alleyton.     It  has  a  sugar-mill. 

Cattack,  a  city  of  India.    See  Cuttack. 

CatHarau'gus,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  New  York, 
has  an  area  of  about  1230  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Alleghany  River,  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Catta- 
raugus Creek,  and  also  drained  by  the  Conewango  and  Ischua 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  elevated  and  hilly,  and  is  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  ash,  beech,  oak, 
pine,  and  sugar-maplo  abound.  The  soil  is  fertile  and 
adiipted  to  pasturage.  Butter,  oats,  hay,  lumber,  potatoes, 
and  live-stock  are  the  staple  products.  'This  county  is  trav- 
53 


ersed  by  the  Erie  Railroad  and  the  Atlantic  &  Great  AVest- 
ern  Railroad.  Devonian  sandstones  underlie  the  soil. 
Capital,  Little  Valley.  Pop.  in  1870,  43,909;  in  1875, 
48,477;  in  1880,  55,806  ;  in  1890,  60,866. 

Cattaraugus,  a  post- village  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y., 
in  New  Albion  township.  On  the  Erie  Railroad,  31  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Dunkirk.  It  has  a  bank,  5  churches,  a  union 
free  school,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  manufactures 
of  edge-tools,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  878. 

Cattaraugus  Creek,  New  York,  runs  westward, 
forms  the  boundary  between  Cattaraugus  and  Erie  cos., 
and  enters  Lake  Erie  at  the  N.  extremity  of  Chautauqua 
CO.,  about  12  miles  N.E.  of  Dunkirk.  It  is  nearly  70  miles 
long.  In  some  places  it  runs  in  a  gorge  between  rocky 
•liffs  that  are  almost  vertical,  and  150  feet  high. 

Cattaro,  kit'ti-ro,  a  seaport  town  of  Austria -Hungary, 
in  Dalmatia,  at  the  S.E.  extremity  of  the  Gulf  of  Cattaro, 
38  miles  S.E.  of  Ragusa.  Lat.  42°  25'  24"  N. ;  Ion.  18°  46' 
30"  E.  It  is  situated  at  the  foot  of  steep  limestone  rocks, 
is  strongly  fortified,  surmounted  by  a  castle,  and  surrounded 
with  walls.  It  is  the  see  of  a  Catholic  bishop,  has  a  cathe- 
dral and  a  Greek  church,  and  is  the  seat  of  courts.  Its 
harbor  is  spacious,  but  the  trade  is  inconsiderable.  It  was 
founded  in  the  sixth  century,  on  the  site  of  the  Roman 
Acricium,  and  was  formerly  the  capital  of  a  republic  of  the 
same  name.     Pop.  2017. 

Cattegat,  or  Kattegat,  kat'te-gat\  a  large  arm  of 
the  North  Sea,  has  Sweden  on  the  E.  and  Jutland  on  the 
W.,  unites  with  the  Skager  Rack  on  the  N.,  and  communi- 
cates, by  the  sound  and  the  Great  and  Little  Belt,  with 
the  Baltic  on  the  S.  Its  length  from  N.  to  S.  is  about  150 
miles,  and  its  central  breadth  nearly  90  miles.  It  is  of  very 
unequal  depth,  and  is  not  only  shallow  towards  its  shores, 
but  also  has  sandbanks  which  are  dangerous  to  navigation. 
The  only  islands  of  any  consequence  it  contains  are  Lasoo, 
Anholt,  and  SamsiJe. 

Cattenon,  k3,tHeh-n6s»'  (Ger.  Kattenhotoen,  klt't?n- 
hoV§n),  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  5  miles  N.E.  of 
Diedenhofen.     Pop.  1043. 

Cat'terick,  the  supposed  ancient  Cntarac'toviim,  a  vil- 
lage of  England,  co.  of  York,  North  Riding,  on  the  Swale, 
5  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Richmond.     Pop.  666. 

Catti,  a  people  of  ancient  Germany.     See  IIessen. 

Cattolica,  kit-tol'e-ki,  a  town  of  Sicily,  14  miles 
N.W.  of  Girgenti.     It  has  sulphur-mines.     Pop.  6381. 

Cattolica,  or  La  Cattolica,  a  villageof  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Forli,  9  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Rimini,  near  the  Adri- 
atic. It  was  named  from  the  Athanasian  bishops  having 
retreated  thither  from  the  Arian  council  of  Rimini  in  359. 

Cattorum  Castellum.    See  Cassel. 

Caturigae,  an  ancient  town  of  France.    See  Chorges. 

Catus,  kiHiice',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Lot,  9 
miles  N.W.  of  Cahors.     Pop.  1595. 

Catusiacum,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Chaource. 

Cauambe,  kow-im'ba,  or  Gaume,  gtjw'mi,  a  river 
of  Brazil,  province  of  Para,  falling  into  the  Rio  Branco  in 
lat.  2°  53'  N.,  Ion.  61°  10'  W. 

Caub,  kowb,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassau,  on 
the  Rhine,  10  miles  by  rail  below  Bingen.     Pop.  2098. 

Caubul,  a  city  of  Afghanistan.    See  Cabool. 

Cauca,  kow'ki  a  river  of  the  republic  of  Colombia, 
rises  in  that  part  of  the  Andes  called  Paramo  de  Guanaeas, 
and,  after  a  course  of  about  600  miles  from  S.  to  N.  between 
the  central  and  west  Cordilleras  of  the  Andes,  falls  into  the 
Magdalena  at  Tacaloa,  in  lat.  9°  25'  N.  The  valley  of  the 
Cauca  is  one  of  the  richest,  jnost  fertile,  and  most  populous 
districts  in  South  America. 

Cauca,  a  department  of  Colombia,  bounded  W.  by  the 
Pacific,  and  traversed  by  the  Andean  coast  range.  It  is  by 
far  the  largest  of  the  departments  in  area  (257,462  square 
miles).  Capital,  Popayan.  Pop.  as  estimated  in  1891, 
438,000. 

Caucasus,  kaw'ka-siis,  or  Cauca'sia,  a  lieutenancy 
and  military  conscription  of  the  Russian  empire,  consisting 
of  the  government  of  Stavropol  and  the  military  districts  of 
Terek  and  Kooban  (Ciscaucasia),  and  the  governments  and 
districts  of  Bakoo,  Daghestan,  Yelisavetpol,  Erivan,  Koo- 
tais,  Sookhoom,  Chernomorsk,  Tiflis,  Sakhatal,  and  Kars. 
The  ten  districts  last  named  together  form  what  is  called 
Transcaucasia ;  but  Daghestan  and  part  of  Bakoo  are  on 
the  European  slope  of  the  Caucasus.  Capital,  Tiflis,  Area, 
178,839  square  miles.     Pop.  (official  estimate)  7,468,151. 

Caucasus  (Gr.  Kavxao-o;),  a  lofty  range  of  mountains 
in  Russia,  the  centre  chain  of  which  stretches  N.W.  to  S.E, 
for  about  700  miles  between  the  Black  Sea  and  the  Caspian 
and  there  forms  the  boundary  between  Europe  and  Asia. 
From  this  chain  numerous  branches  are  thrown  oflT,  one  of 


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them  to  the  N.  prooeeding  through  the  Uoutenanoy  of  Cau- 
OMus  into  Astrakhan  and  onwaru  to  the  banks  of  the  Volga, 
while  the  branches  to  the  S.  traverse  Georgia  and  connect 
with  the  mountains  of  Ararat.  The  highest  point  in  the 
raoge  is  Mount  Elbroot,  which  stands  near  the  middle  of 
the  central  chain,  and  has  an  altitude  of  18,526  feet.  Kosh- 
tanTau  (17,100  feet)  and  Dyoh  Tau  (16,925  feet)  are  believed 
to  occupy  the  second  and  third  places.  The  next  highest  is 
Mount  Kosbek,  16,546  feet,  across  which  is  the  Kng  or 
Dariel  Pass  (called  the  Caucasian  Qutcs,  or  Krestuwaja 
Qora),  which  gives  Russia  her  only  carriage-communica- 
tion with  her  Transcaucasian  domains,  except  that  along 
the  Caspian  coast.  The  N.  side  of  the  range  is  much  more 
abrupt  than  the  S.  Stratified  rocks  appear  at  the  bottom 
of  the  mountains,  and  rise  to  a  consideraole  height  on  their 
sides.  These  rocks  consist  chiefly  of  thick  beds  of  lime- 
stone, conglomerate,  and  clay  slate.  Higher  up  are  seen 
immense  crystalline  masses,  composed  of  granite,  syenite, 
serpentine,  <tc.  Highest  of  all  is  trachytio  porphyry,  which 
forms  the  great  body  of  all  the  principal  summits  of  the 
central  range.  The  limit  of  perpetual  snow  in  the  Cau- 
casus is  11,000  feet,  and  hence,  as  some  of  the  mountains 
rise  from  6000  to  over  7000  feet  above  this,  there  is  an 
extensive  range  for  glaciers.  Scarcely  a  single  lake  of  any 
extent  is  to  be  found  in  the  Caucasus,  and  the  scenery  thus 
remains  destitute  of  that  which  constitutes  one  of  the  most 
magnificent  features  in  the  Alps  of  Switzerland.  Numerous 
cascades  tumble  down  the  N.  steeps  of  the  Caucasus,  but 
none  of  thorn  are  remarkable  either  for  volume  or  for  height, 
and  the  only  rivers  of  any  consequence. which  are  fed  by 
them  are  the  Terek,  the  Kooban,  and  the  Koor. 

Vegetation  is  very  vigorous.  Magnificent  forest  trees 
clothe  the  higher  mountain-slopes  almost  to  an  incredible 
height;  lower  down,  all  the  finer  fruit  trees  of  the  climate 
are  found  growing  in  wild  luxuriance;  while  lower  still, 
where  human  labor  can  be  mode  available,  almost  any 
degree  of  culture,  however  imperfect,  is  rewarded  with  an 
abundant  crop.  The  ordinary  cereals  grow  7000  feet  above 
sea-level,  while  valuable  shrubs,  plants,  and  flowers,  in 
almost  endless  variety,  deck  the  valleys  and  lower  plains. 

The  inhabitants  include  a  great  variety  of  tribes,  the 
principal  of  which  are  the  Circassians  (now  expatriated), 
Georgians,  Chech enees,  Ossetes,  Lesghians,  and  Abkasians. 
Derived  from  a  variety  of  stocks,  and  speaking  a  variety 
of  languages,  they  are  all  distinguished  by  love  of  freedom, 
and  in  bodily  constitution  are  robust  and  elegantly  framed. 

The  animals  are  numerous.  The  aurochs,  a  species  of 
bison,  is  still  found  in  the  mountains ;  the  forests  are  full 
of  fur-bearing  animals,  and  all  the  rivers  abound  in  fish. 
Formerly  numerous  herds  of  cattle  were  reared  in  the  val- 
leys. The  chain  contains  no  active  volcanoes,  but  is  fre- 
quently visited  by  earthquakes.  The  minerals  comprise 
copper,  lead,  iron,  sulphur,  and  coal.  All  the  passes  between 
Europe  and  Asia  are  guarded  by  Russian  fortresses. 

Caucasus,  Indian.    See  Hindoo-Koosh. 

Caudebec,  kod'bik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-Inf6- 
rieure,  on  the  Seine,  at  the  influx  of  the  Caudebeo  River,  22 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Rouen,  and  28  miles  E.  of  Havre.  It  has 
manufactures  of  cottons,  and  an  active  commerce.  It  was 
formerly  the  capital  of  the  Pays  de  Caux.     Pop.  2181. 

Caudebec-l^s-Elbeuf,  kod'bSk'-lize-firbuf.atown 
of  France,  department  of  Seine-Inferieure,  on  the  Oison. 
It  is  an  eastern  suburb  of  Elbeuf,  and  has  important  manu- 
factures of  woollen  cloth.     Pop.  10,715. 

Caud^ran,  ko'dA'r6No',  a  village  of  France,  in  Gironde, 
2  miles  W.  of  Bordeaux.  Pop.  3871.  It  contains  the  mili- 
tary hospital  of  Bordeaux. 

Caudetc,  k6w-d4'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  50 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Albacete.     Pop.  6500. 

Caudry,  koMree',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  10  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Cambrai.     It  has  manufactures  of  tulle  lace. 

Cnufiristan,  a  country  of  Asia.     See  Kafiristan. 

Caughdenoy,  kok-^-noy',  a  post-village  of  Oswego 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Hastings  township,  on  the  Oneida  River,  and 
on  the  New  York  <fe  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  25  miles  S.E. 
of  Oswego.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  220. 

Caughnawaga,  kaw-n&-w&'ga,  or  Sault  Saint- 
Louis,  8o-sd>-o'-loo'ee',  a  post-village  in  Laprairie  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  south  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  opposite 
Lachine.  It  is  10  miles  by  rail  above  Montreal,  at  the  N. 
terminus  of  a  railway  to  Mooers,  N.Y.  It  is  inhabited  by 
Indians  of  the  Iroquois  tribe.     Pop.  1650. 

Caulabagh,  kaw'l&-b&g',  or  IlalMabagh%  a  town  of 
the  Punjab,  Bunnoo  district,  68  miles  S.E.  of  Peshawer. 
Lat.  33°  12'  N. ;  Ion.  71°  35'  E.  It  is  built  on  terraces  close 
by  the  Indus.  In  the  vicinity  are  huge  masses  of  rock  salt, 
in  which  and  in  alum  the  town  has  a  trade.     Pop.  6419. 


Caulksville,  kawks'vll,  a  post-village  of  Logan  eo. 
Ark.,  3  miles  S.  uf  Paris.  It  has  several  church  orgaaiia* 
tions.     Pop.  120. 

Caulon,  or  Caulonia.    See  Castelvetkre. 

Caumont,  kO*in6K»'  (anc.  Cal'vomoit*  f),  a,  town  of 
France,  in  Calvados,  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bayeux.    Pop.  107i. 

Caumont,atown  of  France,  in  Lot-et-Qaronno,  4milei 
S.  of  Marmande.     Pop.  1023.  1 

Caumont,  a  village  of  France,  in  Vauoluse,  on  th« 
Durance.  18  miles  from  Avignon.     Pop.  2020.  j 

Caunpoor,  British  India.    See  Cawnpoor.  I 

?  Cauquenes,  kSw-k&'nis,  a  town  of  Chili,  capital  of  thai 
province  of  Maule,  about  60  miles  by  rail  S.  of  ChilUu 
Pop.  45,950. 

Cauquencs,  Baths  of,  some  remarkable  mineral 
springs  of  Chili,  62  miles  S.S.E.  of  Santiago. 

Caura,  kCw'ri,  a  considerable  river  of  Venezuela,  in 
Guyana,  is  formed  by  the  junction  of  the  Yurani,  Erevato, 
and  Merewari,  which  rise  in  the  Sierra  Parima,  flows  N., 
and  falls  into  the  Orinoco  in  lat.  7°  40'  N.,  Ion.  CC°  15'  W. 
Length,  about  150  miles. 

Caurium,  the  ancient  name  of  Coria. 

Caussade,  ko'sdd',  a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn  et- 
Garonne,  12i  miles  N.E.  of  Montauban.  Pop.  2490.  It 
has  manufactures  of  woollen  stufis  and  beet-root  sugar. 

Cauten,  k6w-t6n',  or  Imperial,  im-pi-re-il',  a  river 
of  Chili,  has  its  sources  on  the  W.  slope  of  the  Andes,  io 
about  lat.  38°  44'  S.,  and  flows  nearly  due  AV.  into  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  lat.  38°  48'  S.  Length,  about  180  miles.  It 
has  six  tributaries,  some  of  them  not  much  inferior  to  itself. 

Canterets,  ko't§h-rd',  a  village  and  watering-j)lnce  of 
France,  in  Hautes-Pyr6n6e8,  25  miles  S.S.W.  of  'I'arbes.  It 
stands  in  a  fertile  basin,  2900  feet  above  the  sea,  enclosed 
by  rugged  mountains,  and  has  hot  sulphur  springs. 

Cauterskiil,  kaw't?rz-kll,  a  hamlet  in  Catakill  town- 
ship, Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  at  the  junction  of  the  Cauterskiil 
and  Catskill  Creeks,  2  miles  from  Catskill. 

Cautersliill  Creek  (formerly  Kaater's  Ki])  has  its 
source  in  two  small  lakes  near  the  summit  of  the  Catskill 
Mountains,  and  joins  the  Catskill  Creek  at  Cauterskiil.  In 
the  early  part  of  its  course  it  forms  a  series  of  remarkiiblo 
falls  and  cascades,  the  most  celebrated,  known  as  the  Cau- 
terskiil Falls  (half  a  mile  from  its  source),  having  two  sepa- 
rate falls  of  180  and  80  feet  respectively,  and  forming  with 
the  rapids  immediately  below  an  aggregate  descent  of  over 
300  feet.  Lower  down  it  traverses  the  Clove,  a.  noted  ravine 
abounding  with  falls,  cascades,  and  pools.  Length  of  the 
creek,  about  20  miles. 

Canth'ron,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Ark.,  45  miles 
from  Fort  Smith. 

Cauto,  kfiw'to,  a  river  of  Cuba,  near  the  E.  extremity, 
has  its  sources  in  the  Sierra  de  Cobre,  and  falls  into  tlie 
Bay  of  Buena  Esperanza.     Length,  70  miles. 

Cauvery,  a  river  of  India.     See  Cavery. 

Caux,  or  Pays  de  Caux,  p4  d§h  ko,  a  small  district 
of  France,  in  the  old  province  of  Normandy,  of  which  the 
capital  was  Caudebec,  and  afterwards  Dieppe.  It  is  now 
comprised  in  the  department  of  Seine-Infcrieure. 

Cav'a,  an  island  of  the  Orkney  group.  Lat.  58°  55'  N.; 
Ion.  3°  8'  W.     It  is  upwards  of  3  miles  in  circumference. 

Cava,  ki'vi,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Novara,  4  miles  by  rail 
S.W.  of  Pavia.     Pop.  795. 

Cava,  or  La  Cava,  14  ki'vl,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Salerno,  in  the  valley  of  Fenestra,  6  miles  by  rail  N.W. 
of  Salerno.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  bishop,  and  contains  a  cathe- 
dral, other  churches,  a  convent,  a  house  of  refuge,  a  hospi- 
tal, and  a  seminary.  Silk,  cotton,  and  linen  are  manufac- 
tured here  and  in  the  numerous  small  villages  that  surround 
the  town.  Pop.  20,612.  About  one  mile  from  Cava  is  the 
magnificent  Benedictine  convent  of  the  Trinity. 

Cavado,  ki-vi'do,  or  Cabado,  ki-bi'do,  a  river  of 
Portugal,  rises  in  the  Serra  de  Gerez,  on  the  frontiers  of 
Galicia,  and  enters  the  sea  at  Esposenda.    Length,  65  miles. 

Cavaglia,  ki-vil'yi,  a  town  of  Italy,  30  miles  N.E.  of 
Turin.     Pop.  2348. 

Cavaillon,  k4'v4'y6s<''  (anc.  Cahel'Uo),  a  town  of 
France,  iq  Vaucluse,  on  the  Durance,  at  a  railway  junc- 
tion, 15  miles  S.E.  of  Avignon.  Pop.  8034.  It  has  a  town 
hall,  a  former  cathedral,  with  a  curious  cloister,  the  remains 
of  a  Roman  arch,  and  varied  manufactures. 

Cavalcante,  ki-v41-kin't4,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province 
and  300  miles  N.E.  of  Goyaz,  with  gold-mines  and  gold- 
washings  in  the  river  Almas.     Pop.  4000. 

Cavalese,  ki-vi-lA'si,  a  town  of  the  Austrian  Tyrol, 
22  miles  N.E.  of  Trent,  on  the  Avisio.     Pop.  2529. 

Cavalho,  ki-v&l'yo,  a  small  island  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Africa.     Lat.  11°  1'  30"  N  ;  Ion.  15°  41'  15"  W. 


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Cav'alier',  or  Cav^ileer',  a  county  of  North  Dakota, 
jounJed  on  the  N.  by  Manitoba.  Area,  1512  square  miles. 
Japital,  Langdon.     Pop.  in  IS90,  6471. 

Cavalier,  a  post-village  of  Pembina  co.,  N.D.,  10  miles 
[direct)  S.W.  of  Bathgate.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
i  common  schools,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  flour-mill. 
Pop.  500. 

Cavaller-Maggiore,  kS,-vill'15R-mid-jo'ri,  a  town 
)f  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  between  the  Maira  and  the  Grana, 
jt  a  railway  junction,  27  miles  N.E.  of  Coni.     Pop.  5516. 
Cavallo,  a  town  of  European  Turkey.     See  Kavala. 
Cavallo,  Monte,  Italy.    See  Monte  Corno. 
Cavally,  ki-vil'lee,  a  town  of  Africa,  coast  of  Guinea. 
Lat.  4°  21'  12"  N.;  Ion.  7°  35'  35"  W. 
I    Cav'an,  a  county  of  Ireland,  in  Ulster,  having  N.  the 
bo,  of  Fermanagh,  E.  Monaghan,  S.  Meath,  Westmeath, 
land  Longford,  S.W.  Leitrim.   Area,  746  square  miles.   Sur- 
Ifiice,  mountainous  on  the  borders,  enclosing  an  open  coun- 
Itry,  interspersed  with  bogs.     The  principal  rivers  are  the 
Woodford  and  Upper  Erne.     Chief  loughs,  those  of  Gaw- 
inagh,  Shillin,  Ac,  some  highly  picturesque.    Granite  schists 
iand  Silurian   rocks  prevail.     Soil  light  and  poor,   except 
inear  the  lakes  and  rivers.     Coal,  iron,  copper,  and  lead  are 
(met  with,  also  excellent  marl  and   fuller's  earth.     Cavan 
tsends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons.     Capital, 
|Cavan.     Pop.  in  1881,  129,476;  in  1891,  111,679. 
i'    Cavan,  a  town,  the  capital  of  the  above,  26  miles  by 
'rail  S.S.E.  of  Enniskillen.     It  has  some  good  edifices,  in- 
icluding  a  court-house,  a  barracks,  an  infirmary,  a  public 
promenade,  and  a  prison.     Pop.  3.380. 

Cavan,  ki'vi^o',  a  village  of  France,  in  C8tes-du-Nord, 
6  miles  S.E.  of  Lannion.     Pop.  2010. 

Cav'an,  a  post- village  in  Durham  co.,  Ontario,  65  miles 
N.E.  of  Toronto.     Pop.  100. 

Cavanas,  k3,-vi'nis,  a  port  or  harbor  of  Cuba,  on  the 
N.W.  coast  of  that  island,  38  miles  S.W.  of  Havana.  Lat. 
|23°  5'  N.;  Ion.  82°  55'  W.  It  is  a  fine  deep  bay,  having 
fits  entrance  between  two  extensive  reefs,  with  anchorage 
Ifor  hundreds  of  ships. 

Cavarzere,  ki-van-zA'ri,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy, 
(on  the  Adige,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Chioggia.  Pop.,  with  com- 
f  muno,  14,979. 

r     Cavaso,  ki-vi'so,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  20 
'  miles  N.W.  of  Treviso.     Pop.  2517. 

f     Cave,  ki'vA,  or  Cavi,  ki'vee,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
( ince  of  Rome,  2  miles  S.E.  of  Palestrina.     Pop.  3425. 
f     Cave,  a  hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Ind.,  4  miles  N.E.  of 
I  Leavenworth.     It  has   a  flour-mill.     Here  is  the   noted 
j  Wyandot  Cave. 

I     Cj\ve,  a  post-office  of  White  co.,  Tenn. 
f     Cave  City,  Arkansas.     See  Cave  Cheek. 
f     Cave  City,  California.    See  Mammoth  Cave. 
I      Cave  City,  a  post-village  of  Barren  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  85  miles  S.  of  Louisville, 
•  and  about  6  miles  S.E.  of  the  Mammoth  Cave.     It  has  2 
'  churches.   A  daily  stage  runs  hence  to  the  Cave.    Pop.  387. 
Cave  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Newton  co..  Ark.,  at  a 
;  village  named  Cave  City,  60  miles  N.  of  Russellville.    Lead 
J  is  found  here. 

j  Cave  in  Rock,  a  post-village  of  Hardin  co.,  111.,  on 
the  Ohio  River,  20  miles  below  Shawneetown.  It  has  2 
■  churches.  The  river  here  flows  along  the  base  of  a  perpen- 
i  dicular  cHflF,  in  which  is  a  remarkable  cave,  once  the  haunt 
:  of  robbers.  Pop.  of  Cave  township,  869. 
I  Cave  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Dickson  co.,  Tenn,  6  miles 
I  from  Gillem's  Station.     Here  is  a  large  cave. 

Cav'endish,  a  post-village  of  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  in 
I  Cavendish  township,  on  the  Black  River,  and  on  the  Central 
'■  Vermont  Railroad  (Rutland  division),  30  miles  S.E.  of 
i  Rutland.  It  has  several  churches.  The  township  contains 
'  a  village  named  Proctorsville,  and  has  a  quarry  of  serpen- 
)  tine  marble.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1823.  ■* 

j       Cavendish,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co.,  Prince  Ed- 
ward  Island,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Charlottetown.     Pop.  200. 
Caver'na,  Hsrt  co.,  Ky.    See  Horse  Cave. 
I      Caverna,  a  post-hamlet  of  McDonald  co..  Mo.,  32  miles 
t   B.  of  Neosho.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 
'     _  Cavery,  kaw'ver-e,  or  Cauv'ery  (anc.   Chaheris),  a 
■  river  of  India,  Decean,  rises  near  lat.  13°  10'  N.  and  Ion. 
76°  E.,  flows  tortuously  southeastward,  and,  after  a  course 
'   of  about  470  miles  through  the  territory  of  Mysore  and  the 
Madras  presidency,  enters  the  sea  by  numerous  mouths  in 
the  district  of  Tanjore,  the   most   northerly  of  which   is 
,    the  Coleroon.     It  is  not  navigable  for  large  vessels,  but  is 
.    the  most  useful  river  in  India  for  agricultural  purposes. 
Cavcrypank,   kaw-vSr-§-pawk',   a  town    of    British 
India,  presidency  and  57  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Madras,  district 


of  North  Arcot,     Its  great  tank  (8  miles  long  and  3  miles 
broad)  is  a  fine  work  constructed  for  irrigation. 

Cav'erypo'ram,  a  town  of  British  India,  presidency 
of  Madras,  83  miles  N.E.  of  Coimbatoor,  on  the  banks  of 
the  Cavery.    Pop.  6530. 

Cavesa  (kd-vA'sd)  Creek,  Texas,  flows  into  the  San 
Antonio  River  about  8  miles  W.  of  Goliad. 

Cave  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Ala. 

Cave  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Floyd  co.,  Ga..  16  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Rome.  Here  are  the  Hearn  Manual  Labor 
School  and  an  institution  for  deaf  and  dumb  under  the  con- 
trol of  the  state.  It  has  a  mineral  spring  and  4  churches. 
Pop.  in  1890,  952. 

Cave  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Logan  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville  &  Memphis  Railroad,  34  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bowl- 
ing Green.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  and  manufac- 
tures of  brooms  and  tobacco. 

Cave  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Mo.,  13 
miles  N.  of  Dorchester  Station,  which  is  6  miles  W.  of 
Springfield.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Cave  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Carter  co.,  Tenn..  4 
miles  S.E.  of  Johnson  City.  It  has  a  church,  the  Buffalo 
Institute,  and  2  flouring-mills. 

Cave  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Roanoke  co.,  Va.,  5 
miles  from  the  Virginia  &  Tennessee  Railroad.  It  has  3 
churches  and  an  academy. 

Cave'town,  a  post-village  of  AVashington  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Western  Maryland  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Hagerstown. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  181. 

CaVett',  a  post-hamlet  of  Van  Wert  co.,  0.,  5  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Van  Wert.  It  has  manufactures  of  drain-tile. 
Pop.  100. 

Cavi,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Cave. 

Caviana,  kS,-ve-fi,'ii4,  an  island  of  Brazil,  state  of: 
Par^,  in  the  mouth  of  the  Amazon,  under  the  equator. 
Length,  35  miles ;  breadth,  20  miles.  It  is  level,  fertile, 
and  stocked  with  cattle.  On  its  S.E.  side  is  the  small  town  • 
of  Roberdello. 

Cavilcum,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Tonnox. 

Cavit6,  ki-ve-ti',  a  fortified  seaport  town  of  Luzon,  > 
Philippines,  in  the  bay  and  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  the  city  of 
Manila.  Pop.  of  town,  5115;  of  port,  550.  It  has  an 
arsenal,  and  is  the  capital  of  the  province  of  the  same 
name,  residence  of  the  governor,  and  head  naval  depot  of 
the  Spanish  possessions  in  the  East.  It  has  a  manufactory 
of  cigars.  The  province  of  Cavite  is  flat,  and  has  no  im- 
portant rivers.  Chief  products,  rice,  sugar,  indigo,  and 
ooflee.     Pop.  173,193. 

Cavo,  Monte,  Italy.    See  Albano. 

Cavor,  or  Cavour,  ki-von'  or  ki-vooR',  a  town  of 
Italy,  in  Piedmont,  7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pinerolo.  It  has 
manufactures  of  silk  twist,  linens,  and  leather,  and  near  it 
are  slate-  and  marble-quarries.    Pop.  7283. 

CaVour',  a  post-village  of  Beadle  co.,  S.D.,  9  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Huron.  It  has  2  churcbes,  a  bank,  and  a  graded 
school.     Pop.  200. 

Caw  Caw,  a  township  of  Orangeburg  co.,  S.C.    P.  934. 

Caw'dor,  or  CaI'der,  a  parish  of  Scotland,  cos.  of 
Nairn  and  Inverness,  3i  miles  S.W.  of  Nairn.  Cawdor 
Castle,  here,  is  an  imposing  feudal  fortress,  in  which  Lord 
Lovat  remained  long  concealed,  and  in  which,  it  is  said, 
King  Duncan  was  murdered  by  Macbeth. 

Caw'dor,  a  post-village  in  Addinglon  co.,  Ontario,  34 
miles  N.E.  of  Napanee.     Pop.  100, 

Cawiah,  Cal.     See  KaVveah. 

CaAvk'er  City,  a  post-village  of  Mitchell  co.,  Kansas, 
in  Cawker  township,  on  the  North  Fork  of  Solomon  River,, 
about  100  miles  W.N.  W.  of  Junction  City.  It  has  5  churches, 
a  United  States  land-office,  a  graded  school,  2  newspaper 
offices,  and  a  bank.     Pop.  898. 

Cawnpoor,  Caunpoor,  Cawnpur,  kawn^poor',  or 
Caun^pore',  a  district  of  British  India,  North-West 
Provinces,  having  E.  the  Ganges,  separating  it  from  Oudc, 
and  on  other  sides  the  districts  of  Etawah,  Futtehpoor,  Bun- 
delcund,  <fcc.  Area,  2336  square  miles.  It  is  mostly  within 
the  Doab  of  the  Ganges  and  Jumna.  Principal  towns, 
Cawnpoor,  Bilhour,  Bithoor,  and  Akbcrpoor  or  Akbarpoor. 
Pop.  1,156,055.  ■:■ 

CaAvnpoor,  Cawnpur,  or  Caunpore,  a  town  of 
India,  capital  of  the  above,  on  the  Ganges,  115  miles  N.W. 
of  Allahabad,  and  1000  miles  by  water  from  the  sea.  It  is 
at  the  junction  of  two  railways,  has  extensive  military- 
cantonments,  a  floating  bridge  across  the  Ganges,  many  fine 
European  and  other  buildings,  and  is  noted  for  its  leather-, 
work,  jewelry,  and  gloves.  Pop.  in  1872,  122,710;  or,  ex-, 
eluding  the  military  quarters,  98,476;  in  1880,  151,444. 

CaAVOOd)  k&'wood,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York( 


OAX  8 

WMt  Ridini;,  on  the  Oase,  IS  miles  N.E.  of  Leeds.  Its 
OMtlo,  of  which  little  remains,  wu  lonj;  the  rosidenoe  of  the 
arohbishops  of  York,  and  was  the  plaee  to  which  Wolsey 
ratired  after  his  fall.     Pop.  of  pariao,  1170. 

Cnxa  (or  Ci\jn)  de  Mncrtos,  k&'H&  di  moo-dn'tos 
(t.«.,  "the  oofBn"  or  "doad-cbest"),  a  smaU  island  in  the 
Caribbean  Sea,  off  the  southern  coast  of  Porto  Kioo,  about  6 
Bilea  from  tho  shore.    Liit.  U"  60'  N. ;  Ion.  66°  31'  W. 

Caxamarca,  or  Cajamarca,  kJl-H4-maR'k&,  for- 
■erly  Caxamalca,  a  town  of  Peru,  capital  of  a  depart- 
ment of  its  own  name,  VU  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Paoasmajo. 
It  is  an  important  seat  of  trade  and  manufacture,  and  fig- 
ures prominently  in  Peruvian  history.  Altitude,  940U  feet. 
Pop.  12,000. 

Caxamarca,  or  Cf\jainarcaf  a  department  of  Peru. 
Area,  14,188  square  miles.     Pop.  213,391. 

Caxamarqnilln,  k&-iiil-maR-koery&,  a  town  of  North 
Peru,  70  miles  U.  by  S.  of  Caxamarca,  province  of  Patax,  in 
the  valley  of  the  Upper  Amazon.     Pop.  8000. 

Cnxntambo,  or  Cajatambo,  kil-H&-tAm'bo,  a  town 
of  Peru,  capital  of  a  ]>rovinco  of  its  own  name,  in  tho  de- 
partment of  Junin,  on  the  W.  slope  of  the  Andes,  140  miles 
N.  of  Lima.  Tho  province  contains  mines  of  silver.  Pop. 
of  the  town,  about  6000. 

Caxias,  or  Cachias,  k&-8bee'&s,  formerly  Aldeas 
AltaS)  il-di'is  il'tAs,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  of  Ma- 
ranbSo,  on  the  Itapicuru,  150  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Caxim'bas  Bay,  a  small  enclosed  bay  on  the  western 
coast  of  Florida,  in  Monroe  co.,  in  about  lat.  26°  N.  and 
Ion.  82°  W. 

Caxo,  k&x'o,  Caso,  or  Kaso,  k&'so,  a  Turkish  island 
in  the  Grecian  Archipelago;  lat.  (S.E.  point)  35°  19'  N., 
Ion.  2fi°  50'  E. ;  13  miles  long,  and  6  or  6  miles  broad.  Sur- 
face uneven  and  rocky.     Pop.  4500.     It  is  the  ancient  Caius. 

Caxoeira,  Brazil.    See  Caciioeira. 

Cax'ton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  OJ  miles  W.  of 
Cambridge,  on  the  Ermine  Street.     Pop.  631.         ^ 

Caxton,  St.  Maurice  co.,  Quebec.     See  Saint  Elie. 

Cay,  Kay,  or  Key  (Sp.  Coyo,  ki'yo),aname  principally 
employed  among  the  AVest  Indies  and  in  the  adjacent  seas, 
and  designating  any  small  and  low  island. 

Cayambe,  ki-4m'bd,  Cayambi,  ki-&m'bee,  or  Cay- 
ambeurcn,  ki-&m-bA-ooR-koo',  a  lofty  mountain  in  Ecua- 
dor, in  the  Andes,  directly  under  the  equator,  Ion.  78°  10' 
W.,  45  miles  N.B.  by  E.  of  Quito.  It  is  of  a  beautiful 
.«quare-topped  conical  form,  and  rises  to  a  height  of  19,535 
feet.  From  its  geographical  position  and  elevation,  it  forms 
one  of  the  most  remarkable  landmarks  on  the  globe,  and 
its  summit  is  covered  with  perpetual  snow. 

Cayari  River.    See  Madeira. 

Cayce,  kase,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Mobile  4  Ohio  Railroad,  16  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Columbus. 
It  has  a  church  and  several  stores. 

Cnycos  Islands.    See  Caicos. 

Cayenne,  ki-ydnn'  or  krfinn',  a  town  of  South  Amer- 
ica, oa])ital  of  French  Guiana,  on  the  W.  point  of  an  island 
of  tho  same  name,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Cayenne  or  Oyaque 
River,  in  the  Atlantic.  Lat.  4°  56'  5"  N. ;  Ion.  62°  20'  W. 
It  is  built  mostly  of  wood,  and  consists  of  an  old  town,  with 
the  government  house  and  Jesuits'  college,  and  the  new 
town,  with  wide  streets,  large  warehouses,  and  good  resi- 
dences, between  which  two  divisions  is  a  large  open  space 
planted  with  orange-trees.  The  harbor  is  shallow,  has  two 
quays,  and  is  protected  by  a  fort  and  several  batteries.  Cay- 
enne is  the  seat  of  a  governor,  and  is  a  penal  settlement  for 
French  political  and  criminal  offenders.  It  is  exceedingly 
unhealthy.  The  exports  include  cotton,  coffee,  sugar,  cacao, 
cabinet-wood,  cloves,  skins,  isinglass,  roucon-paste,  rum, 
vanilla,  &e. ;  but  the  exportation  of  native  gold  has  of  late 
far  exceeded  them  all  in  value.     Pop.  10,000. 

Cayenxe  Island  is  situated  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and 
separated  from  the  continent  by  a  narrow  channel.  It 
is  30  miles  in  circumference,  and  its  chief  products  are 
sugar,  cotton,  coffee,  and  fruits. 

Cayes,  a  town  of  Ilayti.     See  Aux  Cates. 

Cayes-de-Jacmel,  ki*-d?h-zh4k'mdr,  a  town  of 
Hayti,  on  the  Jacmel  River,  20  miles  S.  of  Port  au  Prince. 

Cayeux,  ki'yuh',  a  town  of  Fmnce,  in  Somme,  on  the 
English  Channel,  16  miles  W.  of  Abbeville.     Pop.  2451. 

Caylloma,  a  town  of  Peru.    See  Cailloma. 

Caylas,  kiMUce',  a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn-et-6aronne, 
25  miles  N.E.  of  Montauban.     Pop.  4950. 

Cayman  Brae,  ki'm&n  br&k,  the  easternmost  of  the 
group  called  Caymans,  West  Indies.  It  is  10  miles  long 
and  1  mile  wide,  low  in  the  W.,  but  high  and  rocky  to  the 
eastward.     It  is  well  wooded,  but  has  few  inhabitants. 

Cayman,  Lake,  of  Mexico.    See  Mapimi  Lakk, 


8  CAY 

Caymans,  kt-mans',  or  The  Caymans,  a  group  of 
3  islands  in  the  British  West  Indies,  150  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Jamaica,  of  which  they  are  politically  a  du])unduucy,  Th« 
islands  (Grand  Cayman,  Little  Cayman,  and  Caymun  Brae) 
are  well  wooded  and  produce  much  turtle.  Area,  225  square 
miles.  Chief  town,  Buddentowu.  Pop.  2500,  mostly  od 
Grand  Cnymnn. 

Cayniites,  ki'mect',  two  small  islands  in  the  West  In- 
dies, off  tho  western  coast  of  Hayti,  called  tho  Grand  and 
the  Little  Caymites.  Lat.  about  18°  39'  N. ;  Ion.  73°  40'  W. 
A  bay  formed  by  the  larger  island  and  the  main  affords  safe 
and  commodious  anchorage. 

Caymito,  ki-moe'to,  a  river  of  the  United  States  of 
Colombia,  stjito  of  Panama,  enters  the  Bay  of  Panama  10 
miles  W.  of  Chorrera. 

Cayo  Cocas,  ki'o  ko'k&s,  an  island  belonging  to  Cut)a, 
just  N.W.  of  Cayo  Romano.     Area,  28  square  miles. 

Cayo  Largo,  ki'o  laR'go,  a  fertile  island  in  tho  Car- 
ibbean Sea,  belonging  to  Cuba.  It  is  situated  E.  of  tb« 
Isle  of  Pines,  and  has  an  area  of  32  square  miles. 

Cayor,  or  Kayor,  ki-oR',  a  maritime  state  of  North- 
western Africa,  between  the  mouth  of  tho  Senegal  and  Cap« 
Verd.  It  produces  cotton,  indigo,  millet,  and  gums,  lu 
capital  is  Macaye,  on  the  Condamel,  in  lat.  15°  10'  N.,  Ion. 
16°  30'  W.  The  inhabitants  are  Joloffs  and  Mohamiuedaa«. 
Pop.  150,000. 

Cayo  Romano,  ki'o  ro-m&'no,  a  long,  narrow  island 
on  the  N.  coast  of  Cuba,  divided  into  two  parts  by  a  chan- 
nel about  half  a  mile  wide;  length,  66  miles;  averags 
breadth,  2i  miles;  area,  172  square  miles.  It  producct 
timber,  horses,  and  cattle.     It  belongs  to  Cuba. 

Cayote,  k4-yo'tA,  a  hamlet  of  Dawson  co..  Neb.,  near 
the  Platte  River,  and  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  239 
miles  W.  of  Omaha.     It  has  2  churches. 

Cayote  Creek,  Calaveras  co.,  Cal.,  enters  the  Stanis- 
laus River.     It  is  crossed  by  two  natural  bridges. 

Cayo  Verde,  ki'o  vSii'di,  or  Green  Kay,  an  islet 
of  the  Bahama  group.     Lat.  22°  N. ;  Ion.  75°  10'  W. 

Cayru,  ki-roo',  a  town  of  Brazil,  on  the  small  island  of 
the  same  name,  60  miles  S.W.  of  Bahia.     Pop.  800. 

Cayster,  ki-Is't^r  (Turk.  Kootchook'  Men'der,  t.«., 
"little  Maander"),  a  river  of  Asia  Minor,  after  a  westerly 
course  of  75  miles,  enters  tho  Gulf  of  Scala  Nova,  35  miles 
S.E.  of  Smyrna.     Near  its  mouth  are  the  ruins  of  Ephcsus. 

Cayucos,  k&-yoo'koce,  a  hamlet  and  shipping-port  of 
Snn  Luis  Obispo  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Pacific  Ocean,  about  IS 
miles  N.W.  of  San  Luis  Obispo.     It  has  a  large  wharf. 

Cayu'ga,  a  county  in  tho  central  part  of  New  York, 
has  an  area  of  about  700  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
tho  N.  by  Lake  Ontario,  partly  on  theW.  by  Cayuga  Lake, 
and  is  intersected  by  Seneca  River.  Among  its  physical 
features  is  Owasco  Lake,  about  10  miles  long.  The  shores 
of  Cayuga  and  Owasco  Lakes  present  beautiful  scenery. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  diversified  with  high  riilgei 
and  deep  ravines ;  the  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  barley, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  butter,  and  wool  are  the  staple  products. 
Forests  of  the  ash,  beech,  elm,  hickory,  white  oiik,  sugar- 
maple,  Ac,  are  found  here.  Gypsum,  Onondaga  limestuna, 
corniferous  limestone,  and  other  rocks  of  the  Devonian  and 
Silurian  ages  are  abundant.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
two  branches  of  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  by  the 
Southern  Central  Railroad,  and  by  the  Erie  Canal ;  and 
another  railroad  extends  along  the  E.  shore  of  Cayuga  Lake. 
Capital,  Auburn.  Pop.  in  1870,69,560;  in  1880,  65,081; 
in  1890,  65,302. 

Cayuga,  a  post-village  of  Livingston  co.,  III.,  on  the 
Chicago  <fc  Alton  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Pontiac,  and  87 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Chicago.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 

Cayuga,  a  post-village  of  Vermilion  co.,  Ind.,  6  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Newport.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  fiour. 
Pop.  600. 

Cayuga,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hinds  co..  Miss.,  about  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Vicksburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Cayuga,  a  post-village  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  east- 
ern shore  of  Cayuga  Lake,  at  the  N.  terminus  of  the  Cayuga' 
Southern  Railroad,  and  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad, 
11  miles  W.  of  Auburn.  It  has  4  churches,  a  new  hotel, 
and  a  malt-house.  The  railroad  trains  here  cross  the  lake 
on  a  bridge  nearly  a  mile  long.  Steamboats  ply  daily  be- 
tween Cayuga  and  Ithaca.     Pop.  700. 

Cayuga,  the  chief  town  of  Haldimand  co.,  Ontario,  is 
situated  on  Grand  River,  and  on  two  railways,  25  miles  S. 
of  Hamilton.  It  contains  the  county  buildings,  a  number 
of  stores  and  hotels,  and  issues  2  weekly  newspapers.  It 
has  a  large  export  trade  in  timber  and  grain.     Pop.  803. 

Cayuga  Creek,  New  York,  is  an  affluent  of  Buffalo 


CAT 


829 


CED 


eek.  It  rises  in  Wyoming  co.,  runs  northwestward  in 
ie  CO..  and  unites  with  another  branch  about  3  miles  S.E. 
Buffalo. 

Cayuga  Heights,  Ontario.  See  Cainsvii.le. 
i  Cayuga  Lake,  a  long,  deep,  and  beautiful  lake  of 
ew  York,  forms  the  boundary  between  Cayuga  and  Seneca 
8.,  having  its  head  or  upper  end  at  Ithaca,  near  the  mid- 
e  of  Tompkins  co.  It  is  38  miles  long,  and  has  an  aver- 
>t  width  of  2  miles,  the  greatest  breadth  being  about  3 
ilea  and  the  greatest  ascertained  depth  390  feet.  Its  basin 
excavated  in  Silurian  and  Devonian  rocks,  and  its  banks 
«  mostly  perpendicular  cliffs,  which  are  from  10  to  60  feet 
gh.  Numerous  deep  and  picturesque  ravines  have  been 
rmod  by  the  streams  running  down  the  inclined  planes  or 
dgcs  which  rise  on  each  side  of  the  lake  to  the  height  of 
ij)0  feet.  The  surplus  water  is  discharged  bj'  an  outlet  which 
'isues  from  the  northern  end  of  the  lake,  and  unites  with 
jlyde  River  to  form  the  Seneca  River.  Steamboats  ply 
July  on  this  lake  between  Ithaca  and  Cayuga  Bridge. 
i  Cayu'ta,  a  post-township  of  Schuyler  co.,  N.Y.,  15 
jdles  N.N .E.  of  Elmira,  is  drained  by  Cayuta  Creek.  P.  669. 
I  Cayuta  Creek  rises  in  Schuyler  co.,  N.Y.,  in  a  small 
like  of  its  own  name.  It  runs  first  southeastward,  drains 
(arts  of  Chemung  and  Tioga  cos.,  and  enters  the  Susque- 
(anna  River  in  Pennsylvania,  2  or  3  miles  above  Athens. 
j  Cayu'taviile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuyler  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
ilector  township,  9  miles  from  Hav^ana.  It  has  a  church. 
I  Caywood,  ka'wood,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Wash- 
jigton  CO.,  0.,  on  the  Marietta,  Pittsburg  &  Cleveland  Rail- 
bad,  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Marietta. 

Cazalla  de  la  Sierra,  k^-thil'vA.  dJl  ]&,  se-^R'ni,  a 
bwn  of  Spain,  province  and  39  miles  N.N.E.  of  Seville,  in 
[iie  Sierra  Morena.  Pop.  6852.  It  has  manufactures  of 
men,  and  numerous  religious  edifices  and  ruined  villas,  with 
loman  and  Arabic  antiquities. 

Cazaubon,  ki^zo'b6x=',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gers,  on 
he  Douze,  40  miles  N.W.  of  Auch.     Pop.  2798. 

Ca'zaville,  a  post-village  in  Huntingdon  co.,  Quebec, 
.  miles  S.  of  St.  Anicet.  Pop.  100. 
Cazbin,  a  town  of  Persia.  See  Kasbih. 
Cazembe,  kJ,-z6m'be  (more  correctly  "The  Cazembe's 
Jountry," — Cazembe  being  the  title  of  its  chief,  himself 
he  vass.al  of  the  Molua  king),  a  country  of  Africa,  little 
mown  to  Europeans,  its  centre  being  near  lat.  10°  S.,  Ion. 
iO"  E.  Manioc,  maize,  copper,  iron,  and  ivory  are  among 
ts  chief  products,  and  slaves  are  reported  to  be  sent  from 
t  to  Benguela  and  Angola.  Area,  about  120,000  square 
niles.     It  is  a  fertile  region,  with  savage  inhabitants. 

Caz'eno'via,  a  post-village  in  Cazenovia  township, 
(Toodford  CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  A  Alton  Railroad,  22 
niles  N.E.  of  Peoria,  and  132  miles  from  Chicago.  It  has 
U  church.  Pop.  of  the  township,  990. 
(  Cazenovia,  an  incorporated  post-town  of  Cazenovia 
township,  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  is  on  Cazenovia  Lake  and 
Chittenango  Creek,  also  on  the  Syracuse,  Ontario  <t  New 
York  Railroad,  and  on  the  Elmira,  Cortland  &  Northern 
Railroad,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Syracuse.  It  contains  5  churches, 
2  banks,  the  Cazenovia  Seminary  (Methodist),  a  newspaper 
office,  and  a  manufactory  of  sashes,  doors,  and  blinds. 
There  are  in  or  near  this  village  a  woollen-factory,  and 
several  other  mills.  Pop.  1987;  of  the  township,  4 1 82. 
The  township  contains  a  village  named  New  W#odstock. 

Cazenovia,  a  post-village  of  Richland  co..  Wis.,  in 
Westford  township,  10  miles  W.  from  Reedsburg  Station, 
and  about  54  miles  W.N.W.  of  Madison.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  common  school,  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  stoves. 
Cazenovia  (or  Cazenove)  Creek,  New  York,  runs 
northwestward  in  Erie  co.,  and  unites  with  Cayuga  Creek 
to  form  Buffalo  Creek. 

Cazenovia  Lake  is  in  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  and  is  3  or 
4  miles  long. 

Cazeres,  ki^zaiR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute-Ga- 
ronne,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Garonne,  35  miles  by  rail 
B.S.W.  of  Toulouse.     Pop.  2633. 

Cazeres,  a  village  of  France,  in  Landes,  on  the  Adour, 
10  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Mont-de-Marsan.     Pop.  1000. 

Cazes-Mondenard,  kiz^-m6N''M§h-nan',  a  village  of 
France,  in  Tarn-et-Garonne,  22  miles  N.W.  of  Montauban. 
Pop.  3027. 

Cazoria,  kd-thoR'li,  a  city  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  41 
miles  E.  of  Jaen,  on  the  northern  slope  of  the  Sierra  Cazoria. 
It  is  well  built,  and  possesses  spacious  squares,  one  of  which 
is  adorned  with  a  fine  fountain.  The  town  and  court  houses 
are  large  and  well  constructed.  The  other  public  edifices  are 
a  parish  church,  a  hospital,  a  prison,  a  theatre,  and  various 
convents.  The  city  is  defended  by  two  castles,  both  in  good 
preservation.    In  the  environs,  watered  by  the  Vega,  are 


gardens  and  public  walks.     Cazoria  is  a  place  of  great  an- 
tiquity, and  was  formerly  populous.     Pop.  4980. 

Cazoul9-les-B6ziers,ki'zoor-li-b4*re-4',atownof 
France,  in  Hcrault,  6  miles  N.W.  of  B6ziers.     Pop.  2840. 
Cazza,  k&t's4,  a  small  island  of  Dalmatia,  in  the  Adri- 
atic, 14  miles  W.  of  the  island  of  Lagosta. 

Cazz4ola,  k&t-se-o'li.,  a  small  island  of  Dalmatia,  im 
the  Adriatic,  4  miles  W.  of  the  island  of  Lagosta. 

Cea,  si'i,  a  village  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  28  milei 
W.S.W.  of  Guarda.     Pop.  2199. 

Cea,  thi'i,  a  small  river  of  Spain,  rises  in  the  N.E.  part 
of  Leon,  and  falls  into  the  Esia  about  4  miles  N.E.  of 
Benavente,  after  a  course  of  about  60  miles. 

Cea,  a  town  of  Spain,  32  miles  E.S.E.  of  Leon,  on  the 
river  of  same  name.     Pop.  524. 

Ceara,  si-4-ri',  Ciara,  or  Siara,  se-i-r4',  a  mari- 
time state  in  the  N.  of  Brazil,  extending  between  lat.  2°  40' 
and  7°  25'  S.  and  Ion.  37°  40'  and  41°  30'  W.  Area,  40,253 
square  miles.  It  is  traversed  on  the  W.  boundary  by  the 
Serra  Ibiapaba.  The  state  abounds  in  medicinal  plants, 
and  its  minerals  include  gold,  iron,  copper,  and  salt.  Capital, 
Fortaleza.     Pop.  (1888)  952,625. 

Ceara,  a  town  of  Brazil.    See  Fortaleza. 
Cearfoss,  keer'ffis,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
Md.,  about  7  miles  N.W.  of  Hagerstown. 
Ceba,  the  ancient  name  of  Ceva. 
Cebazat,  sA'bi'zi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy-de-D6me, 
5  miles  N.  of  Clermont-Ferrand.     Pop.  2044. 
Cebenna,  or  Cebenna  Mons.    See  Cevennes. 
Cebolla,  or  Cevolla,  thi-vol'yi,  a  town  of  Spain,  2f 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Toledo,  near  the  Tagus.     Pop.  2110. 

Cebolletta,  si'Bol-ySt'ti,  a  village  of  Valencia  co., 
New  Mexico,  40  miles  W.  of  Albuquerque.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  manufactory  of  blankets. 

Cebreros,  thi-bri'roce,  a  town  of  Spain,  21  miles  S.S.B. 
of  Avila,  on  the  Alberche.     It  has  manufactures  of  leather 
and  cloth,  and  trade  in  grain  and  wine.     Pop.  3201. 
Cebu,  a  city  of  the  Philippine  Islands.     See  Zebu. 
Ceccano,  chfik-kd'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  5  miles  S.  of 
Frosinone,  on  the  Sacco.     Pop.  6999. 

Ce'cil,  a  county  which  is  the  N.E.  part  of  Maryland, 
and  is  situated  at  the  head  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  has  an  area 
of  about  420  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by 
the  Susquehanna  River  and  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Elk  River.  The  surface  is  undulating ;  the 
soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  hay  are 
the  staples.  This  county  has  quarries  of  granite  at  Port 
Deposit.  Iron,  chrome,  and  slate  are  also  found  in  it.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Philadelphia.  Wilmington  <fe  Baltimore 
Railroad  and  the  Chesapeake  and  Delaware  Canal.  Capital, 
Elkton.  Pop.  in  1870,  25,874;  in  1880,  27,108;  in  1890, 
25,851. 

Cecil,  a  post-village  of  Berrien  co.,  Ga.,  23  miles  by 
rail  S.  by  E.  of  Tifton,  and  16  miles  (direct)  S.W.  of  Nash- 
ville.    It  has  a  church.     Pop.  203. 

Cecil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Paulding  co.,  0.,  6  miles  by  rail 
N.  of  Paulding.  It  has  3  churches,  a  public  school,  a  tile- 
factory,  and  a  stave-mill.     Pop.  348. 

Cecil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  2  miles  W. 
of  Greer's.  It  hivs  2  churches.  Cecil  township  contains  the 
Western  Pennsylvania  Reform  School,  and  a  pop.  of  1102. 
Cecil'ian,  a  post-village  of  Hardin  co.,  Ky.,  5  miles 
by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Elizabetbtown.  It  contains  a  Catholic 
school,  called  Cecilian  College,  2  churches,  a  steam  mill,  Ac. 
Ceciliano,  chi-che-le-&'no,  a  village  of  Central  Italy, 
in  the  Sabine  Mountains,  8  miles  E.  of  Tivoli,  with  remains 
of  Cyclopean  walls  not  identified  with  any  known  city  of 
antiquity. 

Ce'cilton,  a  post-village  of  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  44  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Baltimore,  and  2  or  3  miles  N.  of  Sassafras  River. 
It  has  3  churches  and  4  or  5  general  stores.     Pop.  462. 

Cecina,  chi-chee'ni  (anc.  Cseci'na,),  a  river  of  Italy, 
joins  the  Mediterranean  at  the  village  of  Cecina. 

Ceclavin,  thi-kl4-veen',  a  town  of  Spain,  35  miles 
N.W.  of  Caceres.  It  has  trade  in  fruit  and  grain,  and 
numerous  flour-mills.     Pop.  5300. 

Ce'dar,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an  area 
of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Cedar  River, 
and  the  Wapsipinicon  River  touches  its  N.E.  extremity. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  by  prairies 
and  groves  of  the  ash,  hickory,  white  oak,  black  walnut, 
and  other  trees ;  the  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  hay,  oats,  pork,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products. 
The  rocks  which  underlie  the  soil  are  Devonian  and  Up))er 
Silurian  limestones,  covered  with  a  thick  deposit  of  drift. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern 
Railroad  and  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern 


€ED 


830 


CED 


JUilroad.  C«pit»l,  Tipton.  Pop.  ia  1870, 19,731;  in  18S0, 
18,938;  in  1890,  18,253. 

.  Cedart  »  county  in  tho  S.W.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an 
arsa  of  about  460  square  inilos.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Sao 
Hlver,  and  also  drained  by  the  Little  Suo  and  llurse  Creek. 
The  surface  is  billy,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests  of 
)tbe  aah,  hickory,  white  oak,  black  walnut,  <to. ;  the  soil  is 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  live-stook  are  the 
Staple  products.  Carboniferous  limestone  is  found  here. 
Capital,  Stockton.  Pop.  in  1870,  «474j  in  1880,  10,741; 
in  1800,  15,620. 

Cedar,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Nebraska,  has  an 
area  of  about  750  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  tho  Missouri  Hivor,  and  is  draiued  by  Big  Uow  Crook. 
The  surface  is  undulating  ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  In- 
dian corn,  oats,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  The 
rocks  of  this  county  are  of  tho  cretaceous  formation.  A 
branch  of  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  &  Omaha 
Railway  enters  the  county  in  the  S.E.,  and  runs  in  a  N.W. 
direction  as  far  as  llartington,  the  capital,  and  another 
branch  connects  Randolph  in  this  county  with  Wayne. 
Pop.  in  1870,  1032;  in  18S0,  2809;  in  1890,  7028. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Knox  oo..  111.  Pop.  2153,  in- 
cluding a  part  of  Abingdon. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1109. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Black  Hawk  oo.,  Iowa.    Pop.  635. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Cherokee  CO.,  Iowa.     Pop.  331. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Floyd  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  496. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  369. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Jetforson  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  737. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  939. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  843. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Lucas  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  755. 

Cedar,  a  post-township  of  Mahaska  oo.,  Iowa,  about  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Oskaloosa.     Pop.  1174.    It  contains  Fremont. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Mitchell  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  934. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  734. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Muscatine  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  383. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Pocahontas  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  290. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  917. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  883. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  200. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  795. 
It  contains  North  Cedar. 

Cedar,  a  station  in  Johnson  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Lawrence  &  Western  Railroad,  8  miles  N.W.  of 
Olathe. 

Cedar,  a  post-office  of  McPherson  co.,  Kansas. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Smith  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  487. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Wilson  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  745. 

Cedar,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  Ky. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Osceola  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  75. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Martin  co.,  >finn.     Pop.  285. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Boone  co..  Mo.  Pop.  5020.  It 
contains  Ashland. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Callaway  co..  Mo.  Pop.  2453. 
It  contains  New  Bloomfield. 

Cedar,  a  township  of  Cedar  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  788. 

Cedar,  a  station  in  Elko  co.,  Ner.,  on  the  Central  Pa- 
cific Railroad,  212  miles  AV.  of  Ogden. 

Cedar,  a  station  in  Eureka  co.,  Nov.,  on  the  Eureka  <t 
Palisade  Railroad,  34  miles  N.  of  Eureka. 

Cedar,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  Tex.,  12  miles 
N.  of  Schulenburg  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Cedar  Bayou,  bi'oo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harris  co.,  Tex., 
about  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Houston.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
public  school,  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  150, 

Cedar  BIntf,  a  post-village  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Coosa  River,  28  miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Rome,  Ga. 
It  has  4  churches,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
manufactures  of  wagons  and  agricultural  implements. 

Cedar  Bluff,  a{)ost-hamlet  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Red  Cedar  River,  30  miles  below  Cedar  Rsipids. 

Cedar  Bluff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co..  Miss.,  12  miles 
W.  of  West  Point.     It  has  2  churches. 

Cedar  Bluff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tazewell  co.,  Va.,  15 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Tazewell  Court-House.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  some  woollen- 
mills,  and  a  wagon-factory.     Pop.  300. 

Cedar  Bluffs,  a  po°t-hamIet  of  Decatur  co.,  Kansas, 
Qn  Beaver  Creek,  60  miles  N.  of  Buffalo  Railroad  Station. 

Cedar  Bluffs,  a  post-village  of  Saunders  co..  Neb., 
13  miles  by  rail  N.  of  SVahoo.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank, 
an  acndemy,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Ce'darburg,  a  post-village  of  Ozaukee  co.,  Wis.,  in 
Cedarburg  township,  about  1  mile  W.  of  the  Milwaukee 
Kiver,  and  on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Kailroad,  23  miles  N. 


of  Milwaukee.  It  has  4  churches,  2  grist-mills,  and  mannl 
facturos  of  cassimercs,  flannels,  gloves,  shawls,  sa.sh,  <lc  i 
also  valuable  stone-quarries.     Pop.  of  township,  2644. 

Cedar  Chapel,  a  post-office  of  Hardeman  co.,  Tcnn. 

Cedar  City,  a  post-village  of  Callaway  oo.,  Mo.,  U  ui 
the  Missouri  River,  near  the  mouth  of  Cedar  Creek,  and  or 
a  branch  of  the  Chicago  &,  Alton  Railroad,  i  mile  N.  oi 
Jefferson  City.     It  haa  2  churches  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Cedar  City,  a  post-village  of  Iron  co.,  Utah,  is  on  th< 
rim  of  the  Great  Basin,  about  24  miles  S.W.  of  Parowan, 

Cedar  Cliff,  a  post-office  of  Alamance  co.,  N.C. 

Cedar  Creek,  Alabama,  drains  part  of  Lowndea  oo., 
runs  N.W.,  and  enters  the  Alabama  River  in  Dallas  co. 

Cedar  Creek,  Indiana,  runs  southeastward,  drains 
parts  of  De  Kalb  and  Noble  cos.,  and  enters  tho  St.  Jotepbl 
River  in  Allen  co.,  10  miles  N.£.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  ii 
nearly  50  miles  long.  | 

Cedar  Creek,  Iowa,  drains  parts  of  Lucas,  Monroe,| 
and  Marion  cos.,  runs  northeastward,  and  enters  the  Dc8| 
Moines  River  about  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Oskaloosa. 

Cedar  (or  Big  Cedar)  Creek,  Iowa,  runs  southcatt-: 
ward  through  Wapello  and  Jefferson  cos.,  and  enters  the' 
Skunk  River  in  Henry  co.,  7  miles  W.  of  Mount  Pleasant.  I 
It  is  nearly  90  miles  long.  j 

Cedar  Creek,  Missouri,  runs  southward,  forms  the! 
entire  boundary  between  Boone  and  Callaway  cos.,  and' 
enters  the  Missouri  River  about  1  mileabove  Jefferson  City, ' 

Cedar  Creek,  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  runs  nearly  eastward,  i 
and  enters  Barnegat  Bay. 

Cedar  Creek,  South  Carolina,  forms  part  of  the  bound- 
ary  between  Cliesterfield  and  Darlington  cos.,  and  entera 
the  Great  Pedee  River. 

Cedar  Creek,  Texas,  rises  in  Kaufman  co.,  runs  south- ' 
ward,  and  enters  the  Trinity  River  in  Henderson  co.,  about 
15  miles  S.W.  of  Athens.     It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Cedar  Creek,  Virginia,  rises  in  Shenandoah  co.,  runs 
mostly  N.E.,  and  enters  the  North  Fork  of  the  Shenandoah 
River  3  or  4  miles  E.  of  Strasburg.  Cedar  CrecK  Station 
(Post-office,  Meadow  Mills)  is  on  the  Winchester  <t  Stras- 
burg Railroad,  46  miles  S.W.  of  Harper's  Ferry.  In  this 
vicinity  occurred  the  battle  of  Cedar  Creek,  Occober  19, 
1864,  between  the  Union  forces  under  General  Sheridan 
and  the  Confederates  under  General  Early. 

Cedar  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Ark.,  12 
miles  idirect)  S.E.  of  Waldron. 

Cedar  Creek,  a  hundred  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  on  Dela- 
ware Bay  and  the  Milford  <t  Junction  Railroad.     Pop.  3544. 

Cedar  Creek,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
1713.     It  contains  Leo. 

Cedar  Creek,  a  po^t-hamletof  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Eel  River  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Auburn.  It  is  on 
a  creek  of  the  same  name. 

Cedar  Creek,  a  township  of  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  bounded 
S.  by  the  Kankakee  River.     Pop.  1326. 

Cedar  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barry  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Hope  township,  about  15  miles  N.E.  ot  Kalamazoo.  It  has 
a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  or  3  stores. 

Cedar  Creek,  township,  Wexford  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  248. 

Cedar  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Taney  co..  Mo.,  about 
9  miles  (direct)  S.E.  of  Forsyth. 

Cedar  Creek,  a  township  of  Wayne  co..  Mo.  Pop. 
379.     (Po.st-offioe,  Brunot.) 

Cedar  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co..  Neb.,  14  miles 
by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  PInttsmouth.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank, 
and  a  high  school.     Pop.  200. 

Cedar  Creek,  a  station  of  Cass  co..  Neb.,  on  Platte 
River,  and  on  the  Burlington  <fc  Missouri  River  Railroad, 
14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Plattsmouth. 

Cedar  Creek,  or  Williamsburg,  a  post-village  of 
Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  on  Cedar  Creek,  2  miles  from  Barnegat 
Bay,  and  on  Toms  River  Branch  Railroad,  6  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Toms  River.  It  has  a  church  and  a  hotel.  Here  ia 
Cedar  Creek  Post-Office. 

Cedar  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.C, 
in  Cedar  Creek  township,  on  the  Cape  Fear  River,  11  miles 
S.E.  of  Fayetteville.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 2358. 

Cedar  Creek,  township,  Lancaster  co.,  S.C.    P.  1505. 

Cedar  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Tenn.,  I** 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Greenoville.     It  has  a  church. 

Cedar  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bastrop  co.,  Tex.,  about 
18  miles  S.E.  of  Austin. 

Cedar  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Whitman  co.,  Washing- 
ton, 4  miles  N.  of  Palouse. 

Cedar  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co..  Wis., 
in  Polk  township,  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Milwaukee.  It  hai 
a  flour-mill,  a  woollen-factory,  and  a  saw-mill. 


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Cedar  Creek  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Tennessee  lliver. 

Cedar  Crossing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  Ala., 
20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Decatur. 

Cedar  Dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mich.,  7 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Minden  City,  and  11  miles  (direct)  N. 
by  E.  of  Sanilac  Centre. 

Cedar  Dale,  a  village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  3  miles 
by  rail  AV.  of  Oshawa.  It  contains  a  scythe-,  hoe-,  and 
fork-factory.     Pop.  250. 

Cedar  Falls,  a  city  of  Black  Hawk  co.,  Iowa,  is  on  the 
Cedar  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul  &  Kansas  City, 
the  Illinois  Central,  and  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  A 
Northern  Railroads,  99  miles  W.  of  Dubuque,  93  miles  E. 
of  Fort  Dodge,  and  60  miles  N.W.  of  Cedar  Rapids.  It 
has  14  churches,  a  state  normal  school  and  graded  public 
schools,  2  national  banks,  3  other  banks,  3  flouring-mills, 
an  oatmeal-mill,  a  saw-mill  for  which  the  river  affords 
motive  power,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  pumps,  paper, 
4o.  Three  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop. 
In  1890,  3459. 

Cedar  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  township, 
Randolph  co.,  N.C.,  on  Deep  River,  25  miles  S.  of  Greens- 
borongli.     It  has  2  churches,  a  cotton-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  200. 

Cedar  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Dunn  co..  Wis.,  in 
Taintor  township,  on  lied  Cedar  or  Menomonee  River, 
about  5  miles  above  Menomonee,  and  3  miles  from  Meno- 
monee Station.     It  has  a  large  lumber-mill  and  2  stores. 

Cedar  Ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas,  22 
miles  (direct)  S.  of  Eldorado. 

Cedar  Fork,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Mo.,  15 
miles  (direct)  W.  of  Union. 

Cedar  Fork,  a  township  of  Wake  co.,  N.C.  Pop.  1533. 
It  contains  Brassfield's. 

Cedar  Fork,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Claiborne  co., 
Tenn.,  33  miles  N.N.W.  of  Morristown. 

Cedar  Gap,  a  post-village  of  Wright  co.,  Mo.,  10 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Macomb,  and  13  miles  S.W.  of  Hart- 
ville.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  300. 

Cedar  Glades,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co., 
Ark.,  21  miles  (direct)  E.N.B.  of  Mount  Ida.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  100. 

Cedar  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Walker  co.,  Ga.,  10 
miles  W.  of  Lnfayette,  and  27  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Chatta- 
nooga.    It  has  2  churches,  2  tanneries,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Cedar  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind.,on 
the  Whitewater  River,  and  on  the  Cincinnati  &  Whitewater 
Valley  Railroad,  34  miles  N.W.  of  Cincinnati,  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  grist-mill. 

Cedar  Grove,  a  station  in  Chase  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Cottonwood  River,  and  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6 
Railroad,  100  miles  S.W.  of  Topeka. 

Cedar  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Sabine  parish.  La. 

Cedar  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.  Me. 

Cedar  Grove,  a  post- village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md., 
5  miles  from  Germantown  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2 
churches  and  an  academy. 

Cedar  Grove,  a  station  on  the  Milton  Branch  of  the 
Old  Colony  Railroad,  5i  miles  S.  of  the  initial  station  in 
Boston,  Mass. 

Cedar  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Pontotoc  co.,  Miss.,  14 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Tupelo.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  172. 

Cedar  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Caldwell  township,  on  the  Montclair  &  Greenwood  Lake 
Railroad,  18  miles  N.AV.  of  Jersey  City.  It  has  a  cotton- 
factory  and  a  brush-factory. 

Cedar  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.C,  in 
Cedar  Grove  township,  8  miles  N.  of  Hillsborough.  It  has 
2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2047. 

Cedar  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hocking  co.,  0.,  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Logan.     It  hiis  2  churches. 

Cedar  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C., 
about  17  miles  (direct)  N.  of  Laurens  Court-House. 

Cedar  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Tenn.,  14 
miles  (direct)  S.W.  of  Huntingdon. 

Cedar  Grove,  a  station  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Memphis  <fc  Louisville  Railroad,  10  miles  N.E.of  Memphis. 

Cedar  Grove,  a  hamlet  of  Kaufman  co.,  Tex.,  18  miles 
N.E.  of  Kaufman.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  sem.inary. 

Cedar  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Frederick  co.,  Va.,  5 
miles  N.  of  Winchester.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Cedar  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sheboygan  oo.,  Wis., 
on  the  Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore  &  Western  Railroad,  38 
miles  N.  of  Milwaukee.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Cedar  Grove,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Rouge  River,  4  miles  from  Markham.     Pop.  150. 

Cedar  Grove  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Va. 


Cedar  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gwinnett  co.,  Qa.,  18 
miles  from  Buford  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Cedar  Hill,  a  post-offico  of  Jefferson  co..  Mo. 

Cedar  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Saunders  co.,  Neb. 

Cedar  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Hudson  River,  about  ^  miles  below  Albany.  It  has  a  church, 
2  stores,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Cedar  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anson  co.,  N.C,  13  milea 
N.  of  Wadesborough. 

Cedar  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Fairfield  co.,  0. 

Cedar  Hill,  a  station  in  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Schuylkill  Valley  Railroad. 

Cedar  Hill,  a  small  village  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C,  2 
miles  from  Greer's  Station  of  the  Air-Line  Railroad.  It  haa 
a  church,  a  cotton-factory,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Cedar  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Robertson  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  St.  Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  36  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Nashville.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Cedar  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dallas  co.,  Tex.,  13  miles 
S.AV.  of  Dallas.     It  has  a  church  and  18  families. 

Cedar  HoIIoav,  a  station  in  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Chester  Valley  Railroad,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bridgeport. 

Cedar  Island,  near  the  entrance  to  Sag  Harbor,  N.Y., 
has  a  light-house,  lat.  41°  2'  26"  N.,  Ion.  72°  15'  19"  W. 

Cedar  Junction,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co.,  Kan- 
sas, on  the  Atchison,  I'opeka  &  Santa  Fe  Railroad,  9  miles 
N.W.  of  Olathe.  It  has  several  church  organizations  and 
a  district  school.     Pop.  300. 

Cedar  Key  Bay,  an  open  bay  on  the  W.  coast  of  Flor- 
ida, in  Levy  co.,  immediately  S.  of  Wacasassa  Bay.  It 
receives  the  Withlacoochee  River. 

Cedar  Keys,  a  post-village  of  Levy  co.,  Fla.,  on  Way 
Key  and  Atsena  Otie  Key,  on  the  gulf  coast,  155  miles  from 
Fernandina,  and  about  124  miles  S.S.E.  of  Tallahassee.  It  is 
the  southwest  terminus  of  the  Atlantic,  Gulf  &  West  India 
Transit  Railroad,  and  is  the  principal  distributing  point 
for  the  gulf  coast  of  Florida.  The  keys  are  connected  by  a 
ferry.  It  has  4  churches,  1  or  2  hotels,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  manufactures  of  pine  lumber  and  cedar  pencils.  Pop. 
440.  Cedar  Key  light-house,  on  Seahorse  Key,  is  in  lat.  29° 
6'  49"  N.,  Ion.  83°  4'  46"  W. 

Cedar  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  8  miles 
S.S.AV.  of  Crown  Point.     It  has  about  20  houses. 

Cedar  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich., 
and  a  station  on  the  Chicago,  Saginaw  &  Canada  Railroad, 
54  miles  W.  of  Saginaw.  It  has  a  lumber-mill  and  a 
shingle-mill. 

Cedar  Lake,  a  station  in  Hennepin  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
St.  Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Minneapolis, 
at  the  junction  of  the  Minneapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  in 
the  midst  of  a  circle  of  fine  lakes.  Here  are  a  mineral  spring 
and  a  large  summer  hotel. 

Cedar  Lake,  a  post-township  of  Scott  co.,  Minn.,  35 
miles  S.W.  of  St.  Paul.     Pop.  803. 

Cedar  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Atlantic  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Vineland  Railroad,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Vineland. 

Cedar  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Litchfield  township,  5  miles  E.  of  Clayville.  It  has  a 
church. 

Cedar  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Waushara  co.,  Wis. 

Cedar  Lake,  a  post-village  in  Digby  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
14  miles  N.  of  Yarmouth.     Pop.  150. 

Cedar  Lane,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Lancaster 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  East  Earl  township,  on  the  Waynesburg  Branch 
Railroad. 

Cedar  Lane,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  Tenn. 

Cedar  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Oregon. 

Cedar  Mills,  a  post-township  of  Meeker  co.,  Minn.,  14 
miles  S.  of  Litchfield.     Pop.  252.     It  has  a  church. 

Cedar  Mills,  a  township  of  Renville  co.,  Minn.  P.  1708. 

Cedar  Mills,  a  post-otfice  of  Adams  co.,  0. 

Cedar  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grayson  co.,  Tex.,  13 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Denison.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam  flour 
mill,  and  a  steam  lumber-mill. 

Cedar  Mines,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  3  miles  W.  of 
Albia.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Cedar  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Transylvania  co., 
N.C,  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Greenville,  S.C. 

Cedar  Mountain,  a  locality  in  Culpeper  co.,  Va.,  2 
miles  W.  of  Mitchell's  Station.  Here  General  Banks  was 
defeated  by  the  Confederates,  Aug.  9,  1862. 

Cedar  Mountains,  a  mountain-range  in  Africa,  Cape 
Colony,  extending  from  lat.  31°  57'  to  32°  24'  S.,  and  nearly 
along  the  meridian  of  19°  E.  They  are  of  remarkably  pic- 
turesque appearance,  with  peaks  varying  from  1600  to  6000 
feet  above  cea-leveL 


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Cedar  Plains^  a  poat-bomlet  of  Morgan  oo.,  Ala., 
about  35  miles  S.S.W.  or  llunUville.  It  boa  an  ooadeiuy 
aad  several  churobes. 

Cedar  Point*  a  station  in  Elbert  co.,  Col.,  on  the 
Kansas  Paoifio  Railroad,  and  on  tbe  Groat  Divide,  77  miles 
6.E.  of  Denver. 

Cedar  Point,  a  post-hamlot  of  Cti^se  oo.,  Kansiis,  near 
tbe  AtohisoD,  Tupoka  <fc  Sapta  F6  Railroad,  alniut  3S  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Einpuria.     It  has  2  churcbes  uiid  a  grist-mill. 

Cedar  Point*  a  post-village  of  Pugo  co.,  Va.,  7  miles 
N.  by  £.  of  Luray.  It  bas  several  cburob  organizations, 
and  a  chair-  and  furniture-factory.     Pop.  100. 

Cedar  Rapids*  a  city  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Cedar 
River,  and  on  the  Chicago  it  Northwestern  Railroad  where 
it  crosses  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Rail- 
road, SI  miles  W.  of  Clinton,  70  miles  S.W.  of  Dubuque, 
and  98  miles  N.N.W.  of  Burlington.  A  bridge  crosses  the 
river  here.  This  city  has  increased  rapidly  since  1860. 
It  is  lighted  with  gas  and  electricity,  and  bos  2  national 
banks,  a  high  school,  the  Coe  Collegiate  Institute,  a  busi- 
ness college,  12  churches,  4  grist-mills,  2  large  breweries, 
and  manufactures  of  machinery,  carriages,  and  agricultural 
implements  and  machines,  and  printing-offices  which  issue 
u  daily  and  6  weekly  newspapers  and  1  monthly  and  2 
semi-monthly  journals.  The  rapids  of  the  river  furnish 
motive  power  for  several  mills.  Pop.  in  1860,  1830;  in 
1870,  5940;  in  1880,  10,104;  in  1890,  18,020, 

Cedar  Ridge*  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  Ala. 

Cedar  Ridge*  a  post-hamlet  of  Whitfield  co.,  Qa.,  5 
miles  from  Dalton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Cedar  (or  Red  Cedar)  River*  Michigan,  rises  in 
Livingston  co.,  runs  nearly  westward  in  Ingham  co.,  and 
enters  tho  Grand  River  at  Lansing.     Length,  60  miles. 

Cedar  (or  Red  Cedar)  River  rises  in  the  S.  part 
of  Minnesota,  and  runs  southward  through  Mower  county 
into  tho  state  of  Iowa.  Its  general  direction  is  S.S.E,  It 
intersects  the  counties  of  Mitchell,  Floyd,  Bremer,  Black 
Hawk,  Benton,  Linn,  and  Cedar,  in  Iowa.  Having  reached 
a  point  only  9  miles  from  the  Mississippi  River,  it  turns 
abruptly  and  runs  south  westward  through  Muscatine  county, 
and  enters  the  Iowa  River  at  Columbus  Junction.  Its  length 
is  estimated  at  400  miles.  It  runs  through  undulating 
prairies  remarkable  for  fertility. 

Cedar  River*  a  station  in  Muscatine  co.,  Iowa,  on  tho 
Muscatine  division  of  tbe  Burlington  &  Cedar  Rapids  Rail- 
road, near  the  Cedar  River,  and  11  miles  W.  of  Muscatine. 

Cedar  Rock*  a  post-township  of  Franklin  co.,  N.C., 
22  miles  E.  of  Franklinton  Railroad  Station.     Pop.  1112. 

Cedar  Run*  a  post-office  of  Grand  Traverse  co.,  Mich. 

Cedar  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alexander  co.,  N.C.,  26 
miles  N.W.  of  Statesville. 

Cedar  Run*  a  post-office  of  Muskingum  co.,  0. 

Cedar  Run*  a  post-office  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa, 

Cedar  Run*  Virginia,  rises  in  Fauquier  co.,  flows  E., 
and  unites  with  Broad  Run  3  miles  E.  of  Brentsville. 

Cedars*  a  post-village  in  Vaudreuil  co.,  Quebec,  on  the 
river  St.  Lawrence,  29  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Montreal.  The 
Cedar  Rapids  are  nearly  opposite  the  village.     Pop.  300. 

Ce'darsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyoming  co.,  W.  Va., 
25  miles  S.W.  of  Quinnimont.  It  bas  a  church.  Coal  is 
found  here. 

Cedar  Spring*  a  post-village  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C, 
4  miles  S.E.  of  Spartanburg.  It  bas  a  church,  and  an 
institution  for  the  education  of  tbe  deaf,  dumb,  and  blind, 
founded  by  the  state  in  1855. 

Cedar  Springs*  a  post-village  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ala., 
about  16  miles  N.E.  of  Centre,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
It  bas  a  mill  and  a  general  store. 

Cedar  Springs*  a  post-village  of  Early  co.,  Ga.,  30 
miles  S.W.  of  Arlington.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  high 
school. 

Cedar  Springs*  a  post-hamlet  of  Allen  co.,  Ky.,  about 
6  miles  (direct)  N.  by  E.  of  Scottsville. 

Cedar  Springs*  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  21 
miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  a  bank,  4 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  union  school,  and  several 
lumber-mills,  shingle-mills,  &c.     Pop.  1035. 

Cedar  Springs*  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  Pa.,  on 
Fishing  Creek,  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lock  Uaven.  It  bas  a 
grist-mill  and  a  store. 

Cedar  Springs*  township,  Abbeville  oo.,  S.C,   P.  1503. 

Cedar  Springs*  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Tenn., 
about  14  miles  (direct)  N.N.E.  of  Jasper.  It  has  a  general 
store. 

Cedar  Springs*  a  post-hamlet  on  the  borders  of 
Smyth  and  Wythe  cos.,  Va.,  10  miles  direct  E.S.E.  of 
Marion.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill.    Pop.  100. 


Cedar  Town*  a  post-village,  capital  of  Polk  co.,  Gh.. 
19  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Rome.     It  has  4  churches,  2 
banks,   public  schools,   a  newspaper  oflice,   a  furniture-  J 
factorv,  and  a  manufactory  of  brick.     Pop.  1625.  | 

CeMarvale'*  a  post-village  of  Chautauqua  co.,  Kansas, 
in  JeiTerson  township,  on  Big  Caney  Creuk,  16  iiiilu^  W.  of 
Sedan.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  steam  saw-mill,  a  iiiuney- 
order  post-office,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  about  200. 

Ceuarvale*  a  post-hamlct  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  about  ' 
9  miles  S.W.  of  Syracuse.     It  has  a  church. 

Cedar  Valley*  a  post-hamlet  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Cedar  River,  about  6  miles  S.W,  of  Tipton,  and  4  miles 
E.  of  Plato.     Pop.  100. 

Cedar  Valley*  a  post-hamlet  of  Taney  co..  Mo.,  40 
miles  S.  of  Springfield.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  faw-miU, 

Cedar  Valley*  a  post-office  of  Caldwell  co.,  N.C. 

Cedar  Valley*  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  0.,  8  mild 
N.N.W.  of  Wooster.     It  has  2  churches. 

Cedar  Valley*  a  post-office  of  Travis  co.,  Tex.,  15  miles 
S.W.  of  Austin. 

Cedar  Valley*  a  post-village  of  Utah  co.,  Utah,  14 
miles  W.  of  Lehi.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  300. 

Cedar  View*  a  post-office  of  Sussex  co.,  Va. 

Ce'darville*  a  post-hamlet  of  Hale  co.,  Ala.,  10  miles 
N.  of  Macon  Station.     It  bas  a  church  and  3  stores. 

Cedarville*  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Ark.,  10 
miles  N.  of  Van  Buren.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school, 
and  a  cotton-mill.     Pop.  100. 

Cedarville*  a  post-hamlet  of  Modoc  co,,  Cal.,  190  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Reno,  Nevada.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  a 
graded  school,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  500, 

Cedarville*  a  po^t-village  of  Stephenson  co.,  HI.,  in 
Buckeye  township,  6  miles  N.  of  Freeport.  It  has  5 
churches,  a  grist-mill,  2  cnrriage-shops,  a  graded  school, 
and  a  public  ball.     Pop.  326. 

Cedarville*  a  post-village  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  St. 
Joseph  River,  in  Cedar  Creek  township,  10  miles  N.E.  of 
Fort  Wayne.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill, 
Ac.     Pop.  about  200. 

Cedarville*  a  post-hamlet  of  Smith  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  North  Fork  of  the  Solomon  River,  48  miles  by  rail 
W.N.W.  of  Beloit.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  public 
school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  flouring-mills.     Pop.  300. 

Cedarville*  township,  Menominee  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  242. 

Cedarville*  a  post-hamlet  of  Martin  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Cedar  township,  on  Cedar  Lake,  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  St, 
James  Railroad  Station. 

Cedarville*  a  post-hamlet  of  Dade  co.,  Mo.,  33  miles 
S.E.  of  Nevada.     It  has  a  church. 

Cedarville*  a  post-humlet  of  Sherman  co..  Neb.,  30 
miles  N.  of  Kearney  Junction. 

Cedarville*  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Bridgeton  <t  Port  Norris  Railroad,  7  miles  S,  of  Bridge- 
ton.  It  has  4  churches,  2  common  schools,  a  flour-  and 
feed-mill,  a  carriage-  and  a  harness-fiictory. 

Cedarville*  a  post-village  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Columbia  township,  about  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Utica.  It  has 
1  or  2  churches,  a  tannery,  a  cheese -factory,  and  about  50 
families.  Cedarville  Station  is  on  the  Richfield  Springs 
Branch  of  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad, 
9  miles  N.W.  of  Richfield  Springs. 

Cedarville*  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  0.,  and  on 
the  little  Miami  Railroad,  47  miles  W.S.W.  of  Columbus, 
and  8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Xenia.  It  has  6  churches,  a  bauk, 
a  graded  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  limestone  quarries, 
flour-  and  saw-mills,  and  manufactures  of  brick.     P.  1355. 

Cedarville*  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  0.,  on  tbe 
Ohio  River,  2  miles  below  Belpre.  It  bas  a  church,  and  a 
post-office  named  Rockland.     Pop.  about  140. 

Cedarville*  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  in  North 
Coventry  township,  2  miles  from  Pottstown.  It  has  a  church., 

Cedarville*  a  village  of  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.,  in  South 
Whitehall  township,  4  miles  W.  of  AUentown.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  &o.  Here  is  South  Whitehall  Post- 
Office. 

Cedarville*  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  oo.,  Va.,  2  miles 
from  Riverton  Railroad  Station.  It  has  an  academy,  a 
church,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Cedarville*  a  post-hamlet  of  Cbehalis  co.,  Wash.,  on 
the  Cbehalis  River,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Oakville.     Pop.  100. 

Cedar  Wood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.,  24 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  New  Albany. 

Ce'dron*  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co.,  Kansas,  about 
19  miles  (direct)  N.W.  of  Lincoln,  the  capital  of  tho  county. 
Pop.  of  Cedron  township,  538. 

Cedron*  a  post-hamlet  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  about  34 
miles  S.E.  of  Cincinnati. 


CEF 


833 


est 


Cefaltl;  cb4-f3.-loo'  (anc.  Cephalse'dium),  a  town  of 
icily,  44  miles  (by  road  60  miles)  E.S.E.  of  Palermo,  on 
he  N.  coast  of  the  island.  Pop.  10,194.  It  stands  at  the 
'oot  of  a  lofty  conical  mountain,  on  which  are  the  ruins  of 
n  ancient  Phoenician  edifice  and  a  Saracenic  castle.  Its 
lort  is  small,  and  its  trade  inconsiderable.  In  its  vicinity 
,re  rich  marble-quarries.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a 
'rand  cathedral,  a  museum,  and  a  large  fishery. 

Cegama,  thi-gi'mi,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Gui- 
mzcoa,  14  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Tolosa. 

CegliC)  chil'yi,  a  city  of  Italy,  province  of  Lecce,  27 
^'alles  AV.  of  Brindisi.  It  has  numerous  churches  and  2 
jknnual  fairs.    Pop.  11,990. 

I  Cehegin,  th4-i-neen',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
i>7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Murcia.  It  has  manufactures  of  paper, 
ind  commerce  in  wine  and  fruits.  Pop.  6200. 
i  Ceicer-de-Mer,  si^saiii'-d^h-maiR,  an  island  off  the 
ij.B.  coast  of  Cochin  China,  41  miles  S.  of  Ceicer-de-Terre. 
i[t  is  about  5  miles  long. 

;:    Ceicer-de-  Terre,  si^saiR'-d?h-taiR,  a  small  island  off 
|,he  S.E.  coast  of  Cochin  China,  called  by  the  natives  Hon- 
pau,  lies  in  lat.  11°  13'  N.,  Ion.  108°  48'  E. 
!    CeilheS)  sA^li',  a  town  of  France,  in  Hdrault,  4  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Montpellier,  on  the  Orbe.     Pop.  964. 
[    Ceiram,  a  Malay  island.    See  Ceram. 

Celano,  chi-13,'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  28 
Iniles  S.S.E.  of  Aquila,  near  the  former  bed  of  Lake  Pucino. 
iPop.  5908. 
!    Celano,  Lake,  South  Italy.     See  Fucine  Lake. 

Celanova,  thd-li-no'vi,  a  town  of  Spain,  12  miles  S. 

pf  Orense,  with  a  Benedictine  monastery.     Pop.  1300. 

I    Celaya,  a  city  of  Mexico.     See  Zelaya. 

\    Cel'bridge,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kildare,  on  the 

iLiffey,  12  miles  W.  of  Dublin.    It  contains  a  church,  a  work- 

Ihouse,  a  hospital,  and  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  1391. 

j    Celebes,  sSl'e-bes  (native,  Netiree-Orang-IioogU,  and 

lalso   Tana-Doogia,  or   Tanah-Mangkesaer,  contracted  into 

\Maca88ar),  an  island  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  between 

^Borneo  on  the  AV.  and  the  Moluccas  on  the  E.,  extending 

[from  lat.  1°  45'  N.  to  5°  52'  S.  and  from  Ion.  118°  45'  to 

1 125°  17'  E.     Area,  71,791  square  miles.     Celebes  is  prop- 

'  erly  the  name  of  the  E.  part  only,  and  Macassar  of  the  AV. 

lit  mainly  consists  of  four  large  peninsulas,  stretching  to 

the  E.  and  S.  and  separated  by  three  deep  gulfs.     Of  these 

I  peninsulas,  that  of  Menado  on  the  N.  sweeps  E.  and  N.E. 

;for  400  miles,  with  a  breadth  varying  from  12  to  60  miles; 

'that  of  Bulante,  on  the  E.,  is  160  miles  long,  and  from  30 

'  to  95  miles  broad ;  the  S.E.  peninsula  has  about  the  same 

i  length  and  breadth  as  the  latter ;  and  that  of  Macassar,  on 

;  the  S.AV.,  forms  a  parallelogram,  200  miles  long  and  65  miles 

!  broad.     They  are  all  formed  by  chains  of  mountains  run- 

I  ning  from  u  common  central  territory,  150  miles  long  and 

i  105  miles  broad.    The  Gulfof  Tominioor  Goonong-Tella,  on 

the  N.E.,  is  240  miles  long,  and  widens  from  55  miles  at  its 

:  mouth  to  100  miles  at  its  farther  extremity;  that  of  To- 

[  maiki  or  Tolo,  on  the  E.,  has,  on  the  contrary,  a  wide 

mouth  and  narrow  upper  end ;  and  that  of  Macassar  or 

1  Boni,  on  the  S.,  washes  the  E,  side  of  Macassar  for  200 

■  miles,  and  varies  in  breadth  from  35  to  80  miles.     Celebes 

•  abounds  in  the  most  picturesque  and  varied  scenery  and 

'  the  most  beautiful   and   magnificent  tropical  vegetation. 

The  northern  part  of  the  country  has  many  active  volcanoes. 

Mountains,  Lakes,  and  Rivers. — Lampoo-Batang  is  reck- 

!  oned  the  highest  mountain  in  Celebes,  being  about  11,000 

feet  high.     The  largest  lake  is  supposed  to  be  in  the  central 

part  of  the  island.     But  the  most  important  is  that  of  Tapara- 

!  Karaja  or  Labaya,  in  the  S.AV.     It  communicates  AV.  by 

I  navigable  streams  with  the  sea,  and  E.  with  the  Gulf  of 

Boni,  and  is  the  seat  of  an  early  native  civilization  which 

I  sent  its  ramifications  over   the  whole   archipelago.      The 

I  largest  river,  the  Chinrana,  flows  from  that  lake,  and  is 

navigable  for  European  vessels  for  some  distance,  and  by 

the  native />ra/iM«  as  far  as  the  lake.     On  the  S.  coast  there 

,  are  many  rivers  navigable  for  some  miles  from  the  sea. 

Climate,  Mineralogy,  &c. — Though  cut  by  the  equator, 
*nd  wholly  under  the  torrid  zone,  Celebes  is  thought  re- 
markably healthy,  the  natives  often  enjoying  a  vigorous 
old  age,  and  Europeans  living  longer  than  anywhere  else 
in  the  East.  Its  extreme  heats  are  tempered  by  the  sea- 
breezes,  by  rains,  and  by  the  north  winds  that  prevail  for 
part  of  the  year.  The  east  monsoon  lasts  from  May  to  No- 
vember, and  the  west  during  the  remaining  months.  The 
soil  generally  consists  of  a  bed  of  vegetable  mould,  from  10 
to  20  feet  thick,  lying  on  decomposing  volcanic  debris.  Gold 
is  found  in  the  northern  peninsula,  which  is  often  convulsed 
by  earthquakes,  and  abounds  in  sulphur.  Copper  of  good 
■juality  occurs  at  various  points,  and  in  Macassar  tin  also. 


Diamonds  are  sometimes  found,  and  precious  stones  aro 
carried  down  in  the  torrents. 

The  island  is  entirely  destitute  of  the  large  carnivorous 
animals,  nor  has  it  the  elephant,  the  rhinoceros,  or  the  tapir. 
Deer  and  wild  hogs  abound,  with  the  babyroussa,  and  herds 
of  antelopes.  Pouched  animals,  unknown  in  the  Sunda 
Islands,  here  first  occur,  also  a  singular  ruminating  animal, 
the  Anoa  depressicornis.  The  Tarsius  spectrum  hides  itself 
in  the  moist  woods  of  the  plains,  and  is  held  in  superstitious 
awe  by  the  natives.  Here  are  found  the  chameleon  and  the 
flying  dragon.  Among  the  serpents  are  the  python,  30  feet 
long,  and  the  cobra  de  capello.  Among  domesticated  ani- 
mals are  horses,  buffaloes,  goats,  sheep,  and  pigs. 

Dense  woods  clothe  the  mountain-sides;  and  in  these  are 
found  the  oak,  the  teak,  the  cedar,  the  upas,  the  clove-  and 
nutmeg-trees,  the  sago  and  other  palms,  the  pepper-vine, 
the  sandal-wood,  the  mango,  the  banana,  the  silk-cotton 
tree,  the  badean,  from  which  the  Macassar  oil  is  extracted, 
fustic-wood,  ebony,  the  betel-nut  tree,  and  ginger  plant. 
Among  plants  requiring  cultivation  are  the  coffee-tree,  in- 
digo, cacao,  sugar-cane,  the  manioc  root,  benzoin,  and  to- 
bacco.    Mountain  rice  is  cultivated,  and  also  maize. 

The  Alfooras  of  the  interior  have  been  driven  inwards 
by  invaders  of  the  coasts.  But  by  far  the  finest  race  in 
Celebes  are  the  Boogis,  supposed  to  have  come  originally 
from  Borneo.  Like  the  Dyaks,  they  are  a  handsome  race, 
physically  resembling  the  Polynesians  more  than  the  Malays, 
to  which  last  they  are  far  superior  in  point  of  honesty,  energy 
of  character,  and  general  conduct. 

The  more  civilized  inhabitants  profess  Mohammedanism. 
Several  independent  nations  inhabit  Celebes,  and  theit 
most  usual  form  of  government  is  the  federal  and  republi- 
can, combined  with  the  monarchical  and  elective  principle. 
The  native  princes  recognize  the  authority  of  the  Dutch, 
who  have  had  a  footing  in  Celebes  ever  since  they  expelled 
the  Portuguese,  in  1660,  with  the  exception  of  the  four 
years'  occupation  by  the  British,  Much  public  respect  is 
paid  to  women,  and  they  occasionally  reign  as  queens. 

In  1512  the  Portuguese  found  but  few  Mohammedans; 
and  it  was  not  until  a  century  afterwards  that  Moslemism 
was  generally  adopted.  The  Dutch  missionaries  have 
Christianized  a  small  percentage  of  the  natives.  The  pop- 
ulation is  thought  to  be  about  850,000. 

The  Celebks  Sea  is  that  part  of  the  Pacific  Ocean  which 
is  enclosed  by  Celebes  on  the  S.,  Borneo  on  the  AA''.,  the 
Sooloo  Islands  and  Mindanao  on  the  N.,  and  a  number  of 
small  islands  on  the  E. 

Celeia,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Styria.    See  Cilly. 

Celenza,  chi-lfin'zi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  30 
miles  AV.N.AV.  of  Foggia.     Pop.  3877. 

Celenza,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Chieti,  17  miles 
S.S.AV.  of  Vasto.     Pop.  1874. 

Celeste',  a  post-village  of  Hunt  co.,  Tex.,  13  miles  by 
rail  N.N.AV.  of  Greenville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  ofiice,  <fec.     Pop.  250. 

Celestial  Mountains.    See  Thian-Shan, 

Cel'estine,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dubois  co.,  Ind.,  about  34 
miles  N.  of  Cannelton.     It  has  a  church. 

Calethrum,  or  Celetrum.    See  Kastoria. 

Ccleusum,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Kelheim. 

Celi'lo,  a  post-station  in  AVasco  co.,  Oregon,  on  the  S. 
bank  of  the  Columbia  River,  14  miles  above  The  Dalles, 
with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  railroad. 

Celi'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co.,  Ind.,  about  22 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Cannelton. 

Celina,  a  post-office  of  Dent  co.,  Mo.,  10  miles  W,  of 
Salem. 

Celina,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Mercer  co,,  0.,  on  the 
AA'abash  Kiver,  66  miles  by  rail  N.  by  AV.  of  Dayton.  It 
has  5  churches,  2  banks,  4  weekly  newspaper  ofiBces.  Pop. 
2702. 

Celina,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clay  co.,  Tenn.,  is  on 
the  Cumberland  River,  just  below  the  mouth  of  Obey's 
River,  about  77  miles  E.N.E.  of  Nashville.  It  has  a 
court-house,  a  church,  and  an  academy.     Pop.  250. 

Celia,  chfil'li,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  4  miles 
S.AV.  of  Asti.     Pop.  902. 

Cello;,  the  ancient  name  of  Chelles. 

Celle,  tsSri^h,  or  Zell,  ts61,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Hanover,  on  the  AUer,  which  here  becomes  navigable,  23 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Hanover.  It  is  well  built  and  paved, 
and  has  several  churches,  an  old  castle,  a  gymnasium,  and 
manufactures  of  wafers,  chiccory,  linen,  hosiery,  soap,  to- 
bacco, brandy,  and  yarn.  In  its  castle  park  is  the  mauso- 
leum of  Matilda,  Queen  of  Denmark.  Pop.  16,126.  Celle 
or  Zelle  (signifying,  probably,  "cell")  is  the  name  of  nu 
merous  communes  and  villages  in  Germany,  France,  &o 


CEL 


dS4 


CEN 


Celle,  chfil'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  tho  Gulf  of  Oenoa,  4 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Snvona.     Pop.  1971. 

Cell^f  a  river  of  France.    See  Bell^. 

C»llorfeld,  a  town  of  Hanover.    See  ZELLEnPBi.T). 

Cellino,  ohil-lo'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  To- 
ranio,  12  niilea  S.E.  of  tho  city  of  Teramo.     Pop.  3060. 

Cellino,  a  town  of  Italy,  provinoe  and  15  miles  N.W. 
of  Lecoe.     Pop.  1391. 

Cellio,  oh«rie-o,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piodmont,  4}  miles 
S.K.  of  Varallo.     Pop.  3051. 

Cc'lo,  a  post-office  of  Yancey  co.,  N.C. 

Cclorico,  8&-lor'o-ko,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  11 
miles  N.W.  of  Quarda,  near  the  Serra  Estrella.   Pop.  2333. 

Celsa,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Solsona. 

Cembalo,  a  former  name  of  Balaklava. 

Cembra,  t8£m'br&,  a  town  of  Austria,  9  miles  N.E.  by 
N.  of  Trent,  on  the  Avisio.     Pop.  1701. 

Cem'ent,  a  post-village  of  Bnrtow  oo.,  Oa.,  11  miles 
(direct)  N.W.  of  Cartersville.  It  hns  a  church,  an  academy, 
hydraulic-cement  work»,  and  manufactures  of  barrel-hoops 
and  lumber.     Pop.  about  200. 

Cem'entville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarke  oo.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Jefferson,  Madison  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  at  Five  Mile 
Station,  5  miles  N.  of  JeSersonville.  It  has  a  oement- 
factory. 

Cem'etery,  a  station  in  Santa  Clara  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Southern  Piicitic  Railroad,  5  miles  S.E.  of  San  Jos^. 

Cemetery,  a  station  in  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Andover  <lfe  Lowell  Railroad,  2  miles  E,  of  Lowell. 

Cemetery,  a  station  on  the  Rensselaer  A  Saratoga 
Bailroad,  in  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  4  miles  N.  of  Albany. 

Cemmaes,  k4m'&-68,  a  village  of  Wales,  co.  of  jVont- 
gomery,  7  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Machynlleth. 

Cenchrenc,  the  ancient  name  of  Kenkris. 

Ceneda,  chd-nd'd&  (anc.  Cene'ta),  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  22  miles  N.  of  Treviso.  Pop.  8200.  It  is  a 
bishop's  see,  and  has  a  citadel  and  a  cathedral,  with  sulphur 
springs,  and  manufactures  of  linens,  woollens,  and  paper. 

Cenia,  th4'ne-fl,,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Tarra- 
gona, 15  miles  S.W.  of  Tortosa.     Pop.  2550. 

Cenis,  Mont.    See  Moxt  Cenis. 

Cenomani,  tho  ancient  name  of  Le  Mans. 

Cenomauia,  the  supposed  Latin  name  of  Maine. 

Cenoii>la>Bastide,  s9h'n6N<"'-IS.-blsHeed',  a  village 
of  France,  Gironde,  on  tho  Gironde,  opposite  Bordeaux,  of 
which  it  forms  a  part.     Pop.  6817. 

Centallo,  chfin-til'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  7 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Coni,  on  the  left  bank  of  tho  Grana. 
The  remains  of  its  walls,  towers,  and  castle  attest  its  former 
importance.     Pop.  4887. 

Cen'tenary,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  S.C. 

Centeii'niai,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co..  Pa.,  9  miles 
S.E.  of  Gettysburg.  It  has  a  public  school,  and  manufac- 
tures of  cigars.     Pop.  120. 

Centennial,  a  post-office  of  Panola  co.,  Tex.,  30  miles 
S.AV.  of  Shreveport. 

Centennial,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  W.  Va. 

Centennial,  a  post-office  and  gold-mining  camp  of 
Albany  co.,  Wyoming,  30  miles  W.  of  Laramie  City. 

Center.     For  names  not  given  below,  see  Centre. 

Center,  or  Centre,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Shelby 
CO.,  Tex.,  50  miles  S.E.  of  Henderson.  It  has  a  court-house, 
a  high  school,  3  stores,  and  3  churches.     Pop.  about  450. 

Center,  a  post-office  of  Monongalia  co.,  W.  Va. 

Center,  a  post-office  of  Rock  co.,  Wis.,  in  Center  town- 
ship, 8  miles  W.  of  Janesville.  The  township  is  traversed 
by  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad.     Pop.  1041. 

Centerville.    See  Centreville. 

Cento,  chSn'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Emilia,  16  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Bologna,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Reno.  Pop. 
19,180.  It  is  the  birthplace  of  tho  painter  Guercino,  whose 
house  is  preserved  without  alteration.  The  Canal  of  Cento, 
30  miles  in  length,  passes  this  town,  and  connects  Bologna 
with  Ferrara. 

Centorbi,  chSn-ton'bee,  or  Centuripe,  chSn-too'ree- 
pA  (anc.  Centu'ripse  or  Centu'ripi),  a  town  of  Sicily,  19  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Catania,  on  a  rugged  mountain.  Pop.  7526. 
Around  it  are  ruins  of  Centiiripm,  and  great  numbers  of 
antique  gems,  coins,  and  vases  are  here  found. 

Cento'ria,  a  village  of  Kearney  co.,  Neb.,  on  the 
Platte  River,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Kearney  Junction. 

Cen'tral,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sebastian  co..  Ark.,  near  the 
Arkansas  River,  and  about  11  miles  S.E.  of  Fort  Smith. 
It  has  several  general  stores. 

Central,  a  post-village  in  St.  James  parish.  La.,  7  miles 
by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Houma.  It  has  6  churches,  a  convent, 
and  an  academy.    Pop.  300. 


Central,  a  township  of  Jefferson  oo.,  Mo.     Pop.  1789. 

Central,  a  post-township  of  St.  Louis  co..  Mo.,  about  10 
miles  W.  of  St.  liOuis.  It  has  8  churches,  and  manufacture! 
of  flour,  wine,  cigars,  baskets,  4c.  Here  are  forests  of  th« 
ash,  elm,  hickorj',  and  oak.     Pop.  8923. 

Central,  a  ])ost-office  of  Columbia  co.,  Pa. 

Central,  a  station  in  Garvin  township,  Pickens  oo., 
B.C.,  on  the  Atlanta  &  Richmond  Air^Line  Railroad,  7  milai 
N.E.  of  Seneca  City,  S.C.     It  has  2  churches. 

Central  Academy,  a  post-office  of  Panola  co.,  Miss. 

Central  America,  a  name  applied  by  geographers  to 
that  part  of  the  North  American  continent  which  lies  be- 
tween the  Isthmus  of  Punuiiia  and  that  of  Tcbunntopeo. 
It  includes  the  Spanish-American  republics  of  Guatemala, 
Honduras,  Salvador,  Nicaragua,  and  Costa  Rica,  and  the 
colony  of  British  Honduras  (Balize),  with  a  small  part  of 
the  state  of  Panama,  in  tho  republic  of  Colombia;  and 
the  state  of  Chiapa,  as  well  as  the  jicninsula  of  Yucatan 
(both  Mexican),  is  gcograi)hically  united  to  it.  Indeed, 
some  writers  regard  Mexico  as  a  whole  as  forming  a  part  of 
Central  America.  In  the  narrower  sense.  Central  America 
is  an  irregular  mass  of  land  lying  between  the  Caribbean  Sea 
on  the  E.  and  tho  Pacific  Ocean  on  tho  S.W.,  and  having 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico  on  the  N.W.  and  N.  It  is  a  mountain- 
ous  region,  with  many  high  plateaus  of  limited  extent,  and 
containing  many  volcanoes.  Earthquakes  are  not  infre- 
quent. The  climate  is  hot  and  moist,  but  in  the  highland 
regions  is  much  better  than  near  the  sea.  A  largo  part  of 
tho  land  is  covered  with  dense  timber.  The  people  are 
chiefly  of  the  Indian  and  llispano-Indian  stock.  Agricul- 
ture is  a  leading  pursuit.  Chief  products,  cacao,  inJigo, 
coffee,  india-rubber,  mahogany,  sarsaparilla,  hides,  deer- 
skins, fruits,  tortoise-shell,  Ac.  The  progress  of  these  coun- 
tries has  been  much  hindered  by  frequent  political  revolu- 
tions. The  mineral  wealth  is  considerable,  but  is  not  much 
developed.  Gold  is  wrought  in  Costa  Rica,  Nicaragua,  and 
elsewliere,  but  coffee-planting  is  the  only  occupation  in 
which  much  capital  is  invested.  (See  names  of  the  partic- 
ular countries  above  enumerated.) 

Central  Bedeque,  be-daik',  a  village  in  Prince  co.. 
Prince  Edward  Island,  9  miles  from  Summerside.    Pop.  125. 

Central  Bridge,  a  post-village  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y., 
on  Schoharie  Creek,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Cobleskill,  and 
on  the  Albany  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  nt  the  junction  of 
the  Schoharie  Valley  Railroad,  36  miles  W.  of  Albany,  and 

4  or  5  miles  N.  of  Schoharie.     It  has  1  or  2  churches,  2 
mills,  and  a  manufactory  of  agricultural  implements. 

Central  Cheboguc,  she-bog',  a  post-village  in  Yar- 
mouth CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  2j  miles  from  Yarmouth.    P.  400. 

Central  City,  a  village  of  Santa  Barbara  co.,  Cal.,  30 
miles  S.  of  San  Luis  Obispo.     It  has  a  church.     Pop,  100. 

Central  City,  the  capital  of  Gilpin  co.,  Colorado,  is 
situated  in  a  narrow  valley  at  the  E.  base  of  the  Snowy 
Range,  and  on  the  Colorado  Central  Railroad,  40  miles  W. 
by  N.  from  Denver.  Its  prosperity  is  chiefly  derived  from 
its  gold-mines,  which  are  very  rich.  The  Gregory  lode, 
which  crops  out  near  the  lower  end  of  tliis  city,  was  the  first 
discovered  in  Colorado,  and  has  been  worked  ever  since  with 
profit.  This  city  has  an  opera-house,  several  quartz-mills, 
3  banks,  a  graded  school,  and  6  churches.  One  daily  and 
1  or  2  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.     Pop.  2480. 

Central  City,  a  |)()st-village  of  Marion  co.,  III.,  on  the 
Illinois  Central  Railroad,  1  mile  N.  of  Centralia,  and  1  mile 
S.  of  the  junction  of  the  Chicago  Branch.  It  has  a  church 
and  several  schools.     Pop.  304. 

Central  City,  a  post-village  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa.,  on  the 
Wap-'ipinicon  River,  20  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Cedar 
Rapids.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  creamery,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  467. 

Central  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anderson  co.,  Kansas, 
8  miles  W.  of  Garnett.     It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  church. 

Central  City,  a  post-town  of  Muhlenberg  co.,  Ky.,  7 
miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Greenville.  It  has  several  church 
organizations,  a  bank,  and  2  newspaper  offices.    Pop.  1144. 

Central  City,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co..  Mo.,  12 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Unionville.     It  has  a  church. 

Central  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Merrick  co.. 
Neb.,  on  Platte  River,  and  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad, 
at  Lone  Tree  Station,  132  miles  W.  of  Omaha.  It  has  6 
churches,  3  banks,  and  4  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  1368. 

Central  City,  a  post-office  and  mining  town  of  Law- 
rence CO.,  S.D.,  in  the  Black  Hills,  280  miles  S.W.  of 
Bismarck.  It  has  a  bank,  a  daily  newspaper,  and  a  quartz- 
mill  for  gold,  which  is  mined  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  519. 

Central  College,  Ohio.    See  Amalthea. 

Central  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C, 

5  miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Ashborough. 


OEN 


835 


CEN 


Central  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Providence  co.,  R.I., 
on  the  Blackstone  River,  and  on  the  Providence  &  Worces- 
ter Railroad,  4i  miles  N.  of  Providence,  It  has  6  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  cotton-,  woollen-,  silk-  and  bair-cloth- 
mills,  and  manufactures  of  machinery,  leather,  <fcc.,  for 
which  the  river  furnishes  water-power.     Pop.  11,435. 

Central  House,  a  post-hamlet  of  liutte  co.,  Cal.,  16 
miles  (direct)  N.  of  Marysville.     It  has  a  church. 

Centra'lia,  a  city  of  Marion  co.,  111.,  113  miles  by  rail 
N.  of  Cairo,  252  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chicago,  and  66  miles  E. 
of  St.  Louis.  It  contains  11  churches,  2  banks,  a  nail-mill, 
fruit-box  factories,  a  knitting-factory,  coal-mines,  a  high 
gohool,  and  railroad  machine-  and  repair-shops.  One  daily 
and  2  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Large  quanti- 
ties of  peaches  are  sent  hence  to  market.     Pop.  4763. 

Centralia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa,  10 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Dubuque.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  100. 

Centralia,  a  post- village  of  Nemaha  co.,  Kansas,  62 
miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  from  Atchison,  and  about  10  miles 
S.  by  W.  from  Seneca.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school, 
2  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  a  flax-factory,  Ac.  Pop.  634. 
■  Centralia,  a  post-village  of  Boone  co.,  Mo.,  14  miles 
by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Mexico,  and  22  miles  N.N.E.  of  Columbia. 
It  has  5  churches,  a  high  school,  2  banks,  a  flouring-mill,  a 
creamery,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  1890, 1275. 

Centralia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chautauqua  oo.,  N.Y.,  7 
miles  E.  of  Maysville.  It  has  several  church  organizations, 
a  graded  school,  a  basket-factory,  &c.     Pop.  150. 

Centralia,  a  post-borough  of  Columbia  co.,  Pa.,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of  Ash- 
land, 12  miles  W.  of  Mahanoy  City,  and  20  miles  S.E.  of 
Danville.  It  has  4  churches.  It  is  mainly  supported  by 
operations  in  coal,  which  is  mined  here.     Pop.  1342. 

Centralia,  a  post-village  of  Trinity  co.,  Tex.,  28  miles 
E.  of  Lovelady  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Centralia,  a  post-village  of  Chesterfield  oo.,  Va.,  10 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Richmond.    It  has  a  church.    Pop.  100. 

Centralia,  a  post-village  of  Lewis  co.,  Washington,  5 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Chehalis.  It  has  7  churches,  3  banks,  1 
daily  and  2  weekly  newspaper  offices,  manufiictures  of  soda 
water,  pumps,  Ac,  and  a  foundry.     Pop.  2026. 

Centralia,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co.,  Wis.,  on  the 
Wisconsin  River,  nearly  opposite  Grand  Rapids,  and  on  the 
Wisconsin  Valley  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Green  Bay 
&  Minnesota  Railroad,  46  miles  N.E.  of  Tomah.  It  has  a 
graded  school,  a  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  manufactures 
of  shingles,  pails,  furniture,  and  staves.     Pop.  800. 

Centralia,  orDev'on,  a  post-village  in  Huron  co., 
Ontario,  10  miles  from  Lucan.     Pop.  150. 

Central  India  Agency,  a  political  agency  of  British 
India,  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Rajpootana,  the  North-AVest 
Provinces,  and  Oude,  E.  by  Chuta-Nagpoor,  S.  by  the  Cen- 
tral Provinces,  and  W.  by  the  Bombay  Presidency.  Area, 
90,000  square  miles.  It  consists  of  71  native  states,  of 
which  Gwalior,  Indore,  Rewah,  and  Bhopaul  are  the  prin- 
cipal. It  is  supervised  by  a  British  agent.  Pop.  about 
8,000,000. 

Central  In'stitute,  a  post-hamlet  of  Elmore  co., 
Ala.,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Elmore  Railroad  Station. 

Central  Is'lip,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Islip  township,  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  44  miles  E. 
of  Brooklyn.     It  has  2  churches  and  about  60  houses. 

Central  KingsVlear',  a  post-settlement  in  York 
CO.,  New  Brunswick,  on  the  St.  John  River,  11  miles  above 
Frcdericton.     Pop.  150. 

Central  Lake,  a  post-township  of  Antrim  co.,  Mich., 
27  miles  N.E.  of  Elk  Rapids.     Pop.  635. 

Central  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  11 
miles  S.W.  of  Selma.  It  has  4  churches,  an  academy,  and 
several  general  stores. 

Central  Mine,  a  post-village  of  Keweenaw  co.,  Mich., 
15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Calumet.  It  has  a  church  and  a  graded 
school.     Here  is  a  rich  copper-mine. 

Central  Mor^risa'nia,  a  station  of  the  New  York  A 
Harlem  Railroad,  within  the  limits  of  New  York  City,  7i 
miles  N.  of  the  Grand  Central  Depot. 

Central  On'slow,  a  post-village  in  Colchester  co., 
Kova  Scotia,  on  Cobequid  Bay,  3  miles  from  Truro.    P.  200. 

Central  Park,  a  former  post-village  of  Cook  co..  111., 
now  included  in  the  city  of  Chicago.  The  workshops  of  the 
Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad  are  situated  here. 

Central  Park,  a.  post-hamlet  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Long  Island  Railroad,  30  miles  E.  of  Brooklyn.  It  has 
2  churches. 

Central  Plains,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fluvanna  co.,  Va., 
22  miles  S.  of  Charlottesville.  It'  has  2  or  3  stores  and 
business  houses. 


Central  Point,  a  village  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minn.,  is  a 
suburb  of  Lake  City,  which  is  on  Lake  Pepin,     Pop.  160. 

Central  Point,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Oregon, 
6  miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Jacksonville.     Pop.  in  1890.  534. 

Central  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caroline  co.,  Va.,  16 
miles  E.  of  Milford  Railroad  Station.    It  has  1  or  2  churches. 

Central  Provinces,  a  chief-commissionership  of 
British  India,  of  irregular  outline,  and  lying  mostly  within 
lat.  17°  60'-24°  30'  N.  and  Ion,  76°-85°  E.  It  is  divided 
into  the  commissionerships  of  Chutteesgurh,  Jubbulpoor, 
Nagpoor,  and  Nerbudda,  which  are  again  divided  into  19 
districts.  Exclusive  of  these  subdivisions,  there  are  15  small 
feudatory  native  states.  The  whole  country  consists  of 
table-lands  rising  terrace-like  from  the  lower  surrounding 
regions.  The  soil  and  surface  are  exceedingly  various,  and 
the  natural  resources,  though  great,  are  imperfectly  devel- 
oped. Capital,  Nagpoor.  Area,  113,797  square  miles;  of 
British  districts,  84,048.  Pop.  in  1881,  of  British  districts, 
9,838,791;  of  native  states,  1,709,720:  total,  11,648,511. 

Central  Square,  a  post-village  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Hastings  township,  on  the  New  York  &  Oswego  Midland 
Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Syracuse  Northern  Railroad, 
IS  miles  N.  of  Syracuse,  and  27  miles  S.E.  of  Oswego.  It 
has  3  churches  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  359. 

Central  Station,  a  post-village  of  Doddridge  co.,  W. 
Va.,  on  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  52  miles  E.  of 
Parkersburg,  and  3  miles  from  West  Union.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  tannery,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  tobacco, 
Ac.     Pop.  about  400. 

Central  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Monroe  township,  on  the  Newburg  A  New  York  Railroad, 
48  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City  via  the  Erie  Railroad,  It  baa 
a  Friends'  meeting,  a  seminary,  and  a  carriage-factory. 

Central  Valley  Junction  is  in  Chenango  co.,  N.Y., 
15  miles  N.N.W.  of  Binghamton,  on  the  Delaware,  Lacka- 
wanna A  AVestern  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Central 
Valley  Railroad. 

Central  Village,  a  post-village  of  Windham  co.. 
Conn.,  in  Plainfield  township,  on  ttie  Quinebaug  River,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Moosup  River,  and  on  the  Norwich  A 
AVorcester  Railroad,  19  miles  N.N.E,  of  Norwich.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  town  house,  and  several 
cotton-mills. 

Central  Village,  a  post-village  of  Bristol  co.,  Mass., 
in  Westport  township,  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  New  Bedford. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Centre.     For  names  not  given  below,  see  Center. 

Centre,  a  county  which  is  the  most  central  part  of 
Pennsylvania,  has  an  area  of  about  1060  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  N.AV.  by  the  West  Branch  of  the  Sus- 
quehanna and  by  Moshannon  Creek,  and  is  intersected  by 
Bald  Eagle  Creek.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  several 
ridges  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains,  and  by  fertile  valleys. 
A  large  part  of  the  county  is  covered  with  forests,  and  more 
than  half  of  it  is  arable  land.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats, 
and  grass  are  the  staple  products  of  the  soil.  Iron  ore  and 
limestone  are  abundant  here,  and  large  quantities  of  forged 
and  rolled  iron,  blooms,  and  pigs  are  exported.  This  county 
is  intersected  by  the  Bald  Eagle  Valley  and  the  Tyrone  A 
Clearfield  divisions  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  and  is 
traversed  by  the  Bellefonte  Central  Railroad,  all  of  which 
coming  from  different  directions  converge  at  Bellefonte, 
the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  34,418;  in  1880, 
37,922  ;  in  1890,  43,2,69. 

Centre,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ala.,  is 
I  of  a  mile  W.  of  the  navigable  Coosa  River,  and  about  76 
miles  S.E.  of  Huntsville.  It  has  2  churches,  and  2  news- 
paper offices.     Pop.  .347. 

Centre,  or  Center,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sharp  co.,  Ark., 
8  miles  (direct)  N,  by  E,  of  Evening  Shade.  It  has  2  or  3 
stores. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Sacramento  co.,  Cal,    Pop,  461 

Centre,  a  station  of  Clarke  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Northeastern 
Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Athens. 

Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuyler  co..  111.,  on  Green 
Creek,  about  7  miles  (direct)  S.E.  of  Rushville. 

Centre,  a  station  in  Tazewell  co.,  111.,  on  the  Illinois 
Midland  Railroad,  32  miles  S.E.  of  Peoria. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Boone  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  3885.  It 
includes  the  town  of  Lebanon. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  4699, 
It  includes  Aurora  and  Cochran, 

Centre,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  Ind.  Pop,  4375. 
It  includes  the  city  of  Muncie. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Grant  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  2641.  It 
includes  Marion. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Greene  oo.,  Ind.    Pop.  1870. 


CEN  i 

Centre^  a  township  of  Hancook  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  3495. 
It  inclu«le8  the  town  of  Qreenflold. 

Centre,  »  townnbip  of  lleodrioka  oo.,  Isd.  Pop.  2795. 
It  laoludM  I>»nville. 

Ct'ntref  a  puot-liamlet  of  Uoward  oo.,  lud.,  7  milea  by 
nil  S.K.  of  Kokouio. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Jennings  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  2633. 
It  includes  North  Vernon. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Lake  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  1982.  It 
Anntains  Crown  Point. 

Centre,  a  township  of  La  Porte  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  1147, 
exclusive  of  La  Porte  city. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Marion  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  4274, 
exclusive  of  Indianapolis. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Marshall  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  4S30. 
It  contains  Plymouth. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Martin  oo.,  Ind.    Pop.  1170. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Porter  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  1394,  ex- 
•Musive  of  Valparaiso. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Posey  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  955. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Ripley  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1581. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Rush  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1645. 

Centre,  a  township  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  717. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Starko  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  655.  It 
includes  Knox. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Union  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  1896.  It 
includes  Liberty. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Vanderburg  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1689, 
exclusive  of  the  city  of  Evansville. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  2855.  It 
includes  Contreville. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1184. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1220, 
exclusive  of  Centreville. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1642, 
exclusive  of  Tipton. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1226. 
(Post-ofl5ee,  Elvira.) 

Centre,  a  township  of  Decatur  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  935, 
exclusive  of  Leon. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1228. 
It  contains  Lattner's. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Emmett  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  115. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  560. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Guthrie  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  808. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1989, 
exclusive  of  Mt.  Pleasant. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Monona  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  274. 

Centre,  a  township  of  O'Brien  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  391. 

Centre,  a  post-office  of  Pago  co.,  Iowa. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Pocahontas  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  100. 

Centre,  township,  Pottawattamie  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  836. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Wapello  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  2970, 
exclusive  of  Ottumwa. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Winnebago  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  652. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Atchison  co.,  Kansas.   Pop.  1750. 

Centre,  a  post-township  of  Chautauqua  co.,  Kansas,  30 
miles  AV.  of  Independence.     Pop.  818. 

Centre,  a  station  on  the  St.  Louis,  Lawrence  &  Western 
Railroad,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Carbondale,  Kansas. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  333. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
656.  It  is  divided  by  the  Kansas  River.  It  contains 
Detroit  and  Enterprise, 

Centre,  a  township  of  Doniphan  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Missouri  River.  Pop.  2288.  It  contains  Troy,  the  county 
Beat. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Elk  co.,  Kansas.  It  contains  a 
part  of  Boston. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Jewell  oo.,  Kansas.  Pop.  427. 
It  contains  Jewell  Centre,  the  county  seat. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Lyon  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  444. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  1109. 
It  includes  Marion  Centre. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Marshall  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  429. 
(Post-office,  Reedsville.) 

Centre,  a  township  of  Norton  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  340. 
It  includes  Norton  Centre,  Weston,  and  Leota. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Ottawa  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  072. 
It  contains  MiE:ieapohs. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Pottawatomie  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
719.     (Post-office,  Laclede.) 

Centre,  a  township  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  177. 
(Post-office,  Reno  Centre.) 

Centre,  a  township  of  Rush  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  106. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Russell  oo.,  Kansas.  Pop.  382. 
It  includes  Bunker  Hill. 


ft  CEN 

Centre,  a  township  of  Smith  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  ttH 
It  includes  Smith  Centre. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Wilson  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  608,  < 
exclusive  of  Fredonia. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Woodson  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  402. 
It  includes  Kulida. 

Centre,  a  post-village  of  Metcalfe  co.,  Ky.,  about  96 
miles  S.  of  Louisville.     It  has  3  churches. 

Centre,  sometimes  called  Hoyt's  Corners,  a  post- 
hamlet  of  Eaton  co.,  Mich.,  15  miles  N.  of  Charlotte.  It 
has  a  saw-mill  and  2  stores.     Pop.  about  IdO. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Murray  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  S3. 

Centre,  apogt-hamlet  of  Attala  oil.,  Miss.,  14mi<esS.E. 
of  Kosciusko.     It  has  a  church  and  a  public  school. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Buchanan  co..  Mo.  Pop.  1918. 
It  contains  the  village  of  Agency. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Dade  co..  Mo.  Pop.  1508.  It 
contains  Greenfield. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Greene  oo.,  Mo.     Pop.  1681. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Hickory  co..  Mo.  Pop.  1245. 
It  contains  Iloruiitagc,  the  county  seat. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Knox  co..  Mo.  Pop.  2416.  It 
includes  Edina,  the  county  sent. 

Centre,  a  post-village  of  Ralls  oo.,  Mo.,  in  Centre  town- 
ship, 10  miles  S.W.  of  New  London.  It  has  a  drug-store 
and  3  other  stores.     Pop.  of  the  township,  726. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Vernon  co..  Mo.     Pop.  2603. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Camden  co.,  N.J.  Pop.  1718. 
It  contains  Mount  Ephraim. 

Centre,  a  station  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad, 
between  Albany  and  Schenectady,  SJ  miles  from  each  place. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Chatham  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1255, 

Centre,  a  post-office  of  Guilford  co.,  N.C. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Stanley  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1065. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  0.  Pop.  1227.  It 
includes  Centreville. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.  Pop.  2895. 
It  contains  New  Lisbon, 

Centre,  a  township  of  Guernsey  co.,  0.     Pop.  1016. 

Centre,  Lawrence  co.,  0.    See  Centue  Furnace. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Mercer  co.,  0.  Pop.  1256.  It 
contains  Neptune. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  0.  Pop.  2585.  It 
contains  Woodsfield. 

Centre,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  0.,  is  at  the 
village  of  Phillipsburg,  about  16  miles  N.W.  of  Dayton. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  0.  Pop.  1353.  It 
contains  Elizabeth. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Noble  co.,  0.  Pop.  1703.  It 
contains  Sarahsville. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Williams  co.,  0,  Pop.  1628.  It 
contains  Melbern. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Wood  co.,  0.  Pop.  1331.  It 
contains  a  part  of  Bowling  Green. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Berks  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1529.  It 
contains  Centreport. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  843. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Columbia  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1.122. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Greene  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1777.  It 
affords  coal,  limestone,  iron  ore,  and  excellent  sandstone. 
(Post-offices,  Rogersville  and  Rutan.) 

Centre,  a  township  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1555.  It 
contains  Homer  City. 

Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co.,  Pa.,  in  Madison 
township,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Newport.     It  has  a  tiinnery. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Perry  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1121. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Snyder  co..  Pa,     Pop.  885. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Oconee  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1910. 

Centre,  a  post-village  of  Pickens  co.,  S.C,  on  the  At- 
lanta <fe  Richmond  Air-Line  Railroad,  at  Central  Station,  26 
miles  AV.S.W.  of  Greenville.    It  has  2  churches. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Richland  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1124. 

Centre,  a  post-office  of  Tooele  co.,  Utah. 

Centre,  a  township  of  Outagamie  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  1559. 

Centre,  a  post-township  of  Rock  co.,  Wis.,  about  8 
miles  W.  of  Janesville,  is  intersected  by  the  railroad  which 
connects  Beloit  with  Madison.     Pop.  1041. 

Centre  Augus'ta,  a  post-village  in  Grenville  co.,  On- 
tario, 12  miles  from  Prescott.     Pop.  100. 

Centre  Barn'stead,  a  post-hamlet  of  Belknap  oo., 
N.H.,  about  17  miles  E.N.B.  of  Concord. 

Centre  Bart'lett,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  N.H, 

Centre  BePpre',  a  post-village  of  Washington  co., 
0.,  about  14  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Marietta.  It  has  a 
church,  and  2  academies.     Pop.  200. 

Centre  Bend,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Muskingum  River. 


CEN 


837 


CEN 


Centre  Ber'lin,  a  small  post-village  of  Rensselaer  oo., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Harlem  Extension  Railroad,  32  miles  N.  of 
Chatliam  Village,  and  about  20  miles  E.  of  Albany. 

Centre  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Plumstead  township,  on  the  Delaware  River,  about  24  miles 
above  Trenton,  N.J.     It  has  several  stoves. 

Centre  Brook,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Conn., 
in  Essex  township,  on  the  Connecticut  Valley  Railroad,  about 
26  miles  E.  of  New  Haven,  and  1  mile  W.  of  Essex.  It  has 
a  church,  and  manufactures  of  bits,  ivory,  bone  goods,  <fec. 

Centre  Bruns'AVick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rensselaer  co., 
N.Y.,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Troy.     It  has  2  churches. 

Cen'treburg,  a  post-village  of  Kno.x  co.,  0.,  in  Ilillier 
township,  on  the  Cleveland,  Mount  Vernon  &  Columbus  Rail- 
road, 31  miles  N.N.E.  of  Columbus.     It  has  5  churches,  a 
.  bank,  a  graded  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  688. 

Centre    Cambridge,   kam'brij,  a    post-hamlet    of 

j  Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Cambridge  township,  1  mile  from 

!  West  Cambridge  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church, 

!      Centre  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Chisago  co., 

Minn.,  on  Chisago  Lake,  and  in  Chisago  Lake  township,  8 

miles  W.  of  Taylor's  Falls,  and  6  miles  from  Chisago  City. 

It  has  2  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  2  stores,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Centre  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mills  co.,  Tex.,  8  miles 
E.  of  Goldthwaite.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  100. 

Centre  Con'AVay,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  N.H., 
in  Conway  township,  on  the  Saco  River,  and  on  the  Portland 
<t  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  55  miles  W.N.W.  of  Portland.  It 
has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  30  houses. 

Centre  Creek  runs  westward  through  Jasper  co.,  Mo., 
and  enters  Spring  River  in  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas.  It  is 
nearly  70  miles  long. 

Centre  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Martin  co.,  Minn., 
8  miles  S.AV.  of  Winnebago  City,     Pop.  267, 

Centre  Creek,  a  township  of  Jasper  co..  Mo.,  about  66 
miles  W.  of  Springfield.     Pop.  765. 

Centre  Cross,  a  post-office  of  Essex  co.,  Va. 

Cen'tredale,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Cedar  co,, 
Iowa,  on  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Rail- 
road, 30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cedar  Rapids.     It  has  an  elevator. 

Centredale,  a  post- village  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  on 
the  Providence  &  Springfield  Railroad,  6J  miles  N.W.  of 
Providence.  It  has  2  churches,  a  cotton-mill,  a  hotel,  a 
carriage-factory,  a  free  public  library,  a  graded  school,  and 
a  public  hall.     Pop.  209. 

Centre  Eff'ingham,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co., 
N.IL,  in  Effingham  township,  about  10  miles  N.E.  of  Os- 
Bipec.     It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  clothing. 

Cen'trefield,  a  hamlet  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.,  4  miles 
W.  of  Canandaigua.     It  has  a  church. 

Centrefield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Highland  co.,  0.,   in 
Fairfield   township,  on    Paint   Creek,  3  miles  S.  of  East 
Monroe.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  128. 
-  Centre    Groton,  a  post-office   of  New  London   co,, 
Conn. 

Centre  Grove,  a  township  of  Dickinson  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  543.     It  contains  the  village  of  Spirit  Lake. 

Centre  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa, 
in  Julien  township,  3  miles  from  Julien  Railroad  Station. 
It  has  a  church. 

Centre  Grove,  township,  Guilford  co.,  N.C.     P.  1110. 

Centre  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Person  co.,  N.C,  10 
miles  (direct)  S.  by  E.  of  Roxborough, 

Centre  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  co,,  Tenn.,  6 
miles  from  Fostcrville  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  high  school. 

Centre  Hall,  a  post-borough  of  Centre  co..  Pa.,  in 
Pcnn's  Valley,  10  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Bellefonte,  and 
about  24  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lockhaven.  It  has  5  churches,  a 
bank,  a  foundry,  a  machine-shop,  Ac.  A  weekly  paper  is 
published  here.     Pop.  441. 

Centre  Har'bor,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort  of 
Belknap  co.,  N.H.,  at  the  N.W.  extremity  of  Winnepesau- 
kee  Lake,  and  in  Centre  Harbor  township,  43  miles  N.  of 
Concord.  It  has  a  church,  2  hotels,  and  numerous  board- 
ing-houses. Steamboats  ply  daily  between  this  place  and 
other  villages  on  the  lake.     Pop.  of  the  township,  479. 

Centre  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Limestone  co.,  Ala. 

Centre  Hill,  apost-hamletof  White  co.,  Ark.,  13  miles 
N.W.  of  Kensett  Railroad  Station.     It  has  an  academy. 

Centre  Hill,  a  post-haralct  of  Hartford  co.,  Conn.,  5i 
miles  N.  of  New  Hartford  Railroad  Station.    It  has  a  church. 

Centre  Hill ,  a  post- village  of  Sumter  co.,  Fla.,  26  miles 
by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Brooksville.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
public  school.     Pop.  428. 

Centre  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  in  Solebury 
township,  2  miles  from  Stockton,  N.J 


Cantre  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Centre  co..  Pa.,  in  Potter 
township,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Bellefonte.  It  has  a  church,  a 
tannery,  and  2  general  stores. 

Centre  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Orangeburg  co.,  S.C 

Centre  Junction,  an  incorporated  post-town  of  Jones 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul,  and  the 
Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroads,  9  miles  E.  of  Anamosa. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  machine-shop,  a  steam- 
mill,  and  a  bed-spring  factory.     Pop.  210. 

Centre  Leb'anon,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  oo.,  Me.,  in 
Lebanon  township. 

Centre  Liincolnville,  a  post-village  of  Waldo  co., 
Me.,  in  Lincolnville  township,  14  miles  N.  of  Rockland.  It 
has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lime.     Pop.  about  300. 

Centre  Line,  a  post-village  of  Macomb  co.,  Mich., 
about  8  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Detroit.  It  has  a  church  and 
public  schools.     Pop.  250. 

Centre  Lisl  e,  orYork'shire,  a  post-village  of  Broome 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Lisle  township,  3  miles  from  Lisle  Station,  and 
about  50  miles  S.  of  Syracuse,  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  a 
large  tannery  (of  sheep-skins),  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Centre  Liov'ell,  a  post-hamlet  and  summer  resort  of 
Oxford  CO.,  Me.,  in  Lovell  township,  on  Kezar  Lake,  about 
54  miles  N.W.  of  Portland.  It  has  2  churches,  a  spool-fac- 
tory, a  graded  school,  Ac. 

Centre  Marsli'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  Plymouth  co., 
Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  32  miles  S.E.  of  Boston. 

Centre  Mill,  a  post-office  and  grist-mill  of  Hood  co.. 
Tex.,  10  miles  N.  of  Granbury. 

Centre  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Centre  co..  Pa.,  in 
Miles  township.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Centre  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ya., 
6  miles  S.E.  of  Central  Depot;  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Centre  Mont'ville,  a  post-office  of  Waldo  co.,  Me. 

Centre  More'land,  a  post-village  of  Wyoming  CO.,  Pa., 
15  miles  N.  of  Wilkcsbarre.     It  has  3  churches  and  2  stores. 

Centre  Moriches,  mo-rich'ez,  a  post-village  and 
watering-place  of  Suifolk  co.,  N.l''.,  is  in  Brookhaven  town- 
ship, about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Riverhead,  and  i  mile  from 
East  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  ocean.   It  has  2  churches,  2  hotels, 

2  Large  boarding-houses,  and  4  stores.     Pop.  about  600. 
Centre  Alound,  a  post-office  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas. 
Centre  of  Grav'ity,  a  small  village  of  Abbeville  co., 

S.C,  1  mile  from  Centreville. 

Centre  Os'sipee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  N.H., 
in  Ossipee  township,  on  Ossipee  Lake,  and  on  the  railroad 
between  Ossipee  and  North  Conway,  4  miles  N.  of  the 
former.  It  has  a  church,  manufactures  of  excelsior,  sash, 
blinds,  &G.,  and  about  30  houses. 

Centre  Point,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Howard  oo., 
Ark.,  about  38  miles  N.N.W.  of  Fulton.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  grist-mill,  a  planing-mill,  a  wool-carding  factory,  a  high 
school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  297, 

Centre  Point,  a  station  of  Knox  co..  III.,  on  the  Chi- 
cago, Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Gales- 
burg, 

Centre  Point,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co.,  Ind.,  8  mile.<i 
S.S.E.  of  Brazil,  and  about  22  miles  E.  of  Terre  Haute.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  226, 

Centre  Point,  a  post-village  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Washington  township,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Cedar 
Rapids  with  Independence,  18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cedar 
Rapids,  and  2  miles  N.E.  of  Cedar  River.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  bank,  a  graded  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.    Pop.  615. 

Centre  Point,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Ky. 

Centre  Point,  a  hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Green- 
ville township,  4  miles  from  Unionville. 

Centre  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  co.,  0.,  about 
6  miles  N.W.  of  Ripley. 

Centre  Point,  a  village  of  Shelby  co.,  0.,  about  40 
miles  N.  by  W.  from  Dayton.     Pop.  444. 

Centre  Point,  a  post-village  of  Chester  eo.,  Tenn., 
about  13  miles  E.  of  Henderson.     It  has  a  church. 

Centre  Point,  a  post-village  of  Kerr  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Guadalupe  River,  50  miles  N.W.  of  San  Antonio.     It  has 

3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  200, 
Cen'treport,  a  hamlet  of  Cayuga  co,,  N.Y'.,  on  the 

Erie  Canal,  2  miles  from  Port  Byron.  It  has  a  manufactory 
of  grain-cradles.     Pop.  about  150. 

Centreport,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y''.,  in 
Huntington  township,  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  40 
miles  E.  of  Brooklyn.  It  is  on  Centreport  Harbor,  an  inlet 
of  Long  Island  Sound,     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  250. 

Centreport,  a  post-village  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  in  Centre 
township,  2  miles  from  Mohrsville  Railroad  Station,  which 
is  10  miles  N.  of  Reading.  It  has  a  church,  2  stores,  2 
carriage-shops,  Ao. 


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Centre  Ridge«  a  po«t-haml«t  of  Woodson  oo.,  Kantss, 
U  mii«  W.  of  Uuuiboldt. 

Centre  River,  Wiaounsin,  rises  in  Brown  oounty,  runs 
Mtttheastward,  and  enters  the  Manitowoc  lUver  about  6 
miles  tnm  its  mouth. 

Centre  River,  a  post-office  of  Manitowoc  oo.,  Wis. 

Centre  Road,  a  station  in  Geauga  oo.,  0.,  on  the 
Painesville  ifc  Youngstown  Aailroad,  16  miles  8.E.  of 
Painesville. 

Centre  Road  Station,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  oo.. 
Pa.,  on  the  Krio  it  I'ittsburg  Kivilroad  (at  Summit  Station), 
SO  milos  S.S.W.  of  Erie. 

Centre  Rut'land,  a  small  post-village  of  Rutland  co., 
Vt.,  in  Rutland  towuship,  on  Otter  Creek,  and  on  the  Cen- 
tral Vermont  and  the  Troy,  Salem  &  Rutland  Railroads, 
Ji  miles  W.  of  Rutland.     Hero  are  quarries  of  fine  marble. 

Centre  Sand'wiuh,  a  nost-village  of  Carroll  co., 
N.U.,  in  Sandwich  township,  about  22  milos  N.  of  Laconia. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  savings-bank,  a  normal  institute,  &c. 

Centre  Sher'man,  a  hamlet  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y., 
2  miles  from  the  village  of  Sherman. 

Centre  Sid'ney,  a  post-office  of  Kennebec  oo.,  Me. 

Centre  Square,  a  post-hamletof  Switzerland  co.,  Ind., 
17  miles  E.N.E.  of  Madison.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  75. 

Centre  Square,  a  station  in  Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Delaware  Shore  Railroad,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Woodbury. 

Centre  Square,  Now  York.    See  Redpield. 

Centre  Square,  a  post- village  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa., 
on  Stony  Creek  Riiilroad,  about  b  miles  N.N.E.  of  Norris- 
town.     It  has  a  church. 

Centre  Star,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lauderdale  co.,  Ala.,  14 
miles  from  Florence,  and  2  miles  from  the  Muscle  Shoals.  It 
has  a  church. 

Centre  Strafford,  apost-hamletof  Strafford  co.,  N.H., 
in  Strafford  township,  9  miles  W.  of  Rochester.  It  has  an 
academy  and  a  church. 

Cen'treton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind.,  on 
White  River,  22  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Indiannpolis.  It  has 
a  church  and  manufactures  of  brick  and  lumber.     Pop.  350. 

Centreton,  a  hamlet  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  1  mile 
from  Masonville.     It  has  a  manufactory  of  phosphate. 

Centreton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Salem  co.,  N.J.,  about  9 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Bridgeton,  and  1  mile  E.  of  the  West 
Jersey  Railroad.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Centreton,  a  post-village  of  Huron  co.,  0.,  in  Norwich 
townshi]),  on  the  Huron  River,  and  on  the  railroad  which 
connects  Sandusky  with  Mansfield,  27  miles  S.  of  Sandusky. 
It  has  a  church. 

Cen'treton,  a  post-village  in  Northumberland  co., 
Ontixrio,  8  miles  N.  of  Grafton.     Pop.  150. 

Cen'tretown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ohio  co.,  Ky.,  5  miles 
N.W.  of  McHenry  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Centretown,  a  post-village  of  Cole  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  48  miles  E.  of  Sedalia.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  plough-factory. 

Centretown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  about 
16  miles  S.W.  of  Franklin. 

Centre  Tuf'tonborough,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll 
CO.,  N.IL,  in  Tuftonborough  township,  about  8  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Ossipce. 

Centre  Val'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hendricks  co.,  Ind., 
in  Liberty  township,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Clayton.  It  has  a 
church  and  about  a  half-dozen  houses. 

Centre  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Cass  co..  Neb. 

Centre  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  4 
miles  W.  of  Sharon  Springs.     It  has  2  churches. 

Centre  Valley,  a  post- village  of  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Upper  Saucon  township,  on  the  North  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road, 45  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  2  hotels,  2  mills, 
several  limo-kilns,  and  about  50  dwellings. 

CenHreview',  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co.,  Mo.,  on 
the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  58  milos  S.E.  of  Kansas  City. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Centre  View,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  0.,  in 
Jackson  township,  near  the  Ohio  River,  32  miles  N.E.  of 
Marietta.     It  has  2  churches. 

Centreview,  a  post-office  of  Dauphin  co.,  Pa. 

Centre  View,  a  post-hamlet  of  Charlotte  co.,  Va.,  on 
or  near  the  Staunton  River,  8  miles  from  Clover  Railroad 
Station.     It  has  a  church,  a  normal  school,  and  3  stores. 

Centre  Vill'age,  a  post-hamlet  of  Charlton  co.,  Ga., 
about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Brunswick.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
manufactory  of  naval  stores. 

Centre  Village,  a  post-hamlet  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Colesville  township,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on 
the  Albany  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  121  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Albany.     It  has  a  tannery  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  146. 


Centre  Village,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dclawnre  oo.,  0.,  « 
miles  S.E.  of  Galena  Station,  and  about  20  miles  N.N.E.  o, 
Columbus.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Centre  Village,  a  post-village  in  Westmoreland  oo. 
New  Brunswick,  13  miles  from  Sackville.     Pop.  100. 

Ccn'trevillc,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Bibb  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  Cahawba  River,  about  45  miles  N.  by  W.  from  Sclina. 
It  has  a  fine  brick  court-house,  3  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  manufactures  of  lumber,  and  an  academy. 

Centreville,  Montgomery  co.,  Ala.    See  Caddo  Gap. 

Ccntreville,  a  post-village  of  Alameda  co.,  Cal.,  in  a 
beautiful  valley,  about  35  milos  S.E.  of  San  Francisco.  It 
is  2  miles  from  Niles  Railroad  Station.  It  has  3  ohurchM, 
a  high  and  a  grammar  school.     Pop.  300. 

Centreville,  a  mining  village  of  Butte  co.,  Cal.,  12 
miles  from  Chico.  It  has  manufactures  of  wine  and  brandy. 
Grapes  abound  here. 

Ccntreville,  a  village  of  Fresno  co.,  Cal.,  17  miles  B. 
of  Fresno.     It  has  a  church  and  a  fluur-mill. 

Centreville,  a  hamlet  of  Humboldt  oo.,  Cal.,  on  or 
near  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

Centreville,  a  mining  camp  of  Shasta  co.,  Cal.,  4 
miles  from  Clear  Creek.     Gold  is  found  here. 

Centreville  (Hamden  Post-Office),  a  village  of  New 
Haven  co..  Conn.,  in  Hamden  township,  on  the  New  Haven 
&,  Northampton  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  New  Haven.  It 
has  manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  &o, 

Centreville,  a  post-village  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  3 
miles  from  Greenville  Railroad  Station,  and  about  7  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Wilmington.     It  has  2  churches. 

Centreville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Leon  co.,  Fla.,  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Tallahassee.     It  has  a  church  and  several  stores. 

Centreville,  a  post-village  of  Gwinnett  co.,  Ga.,  12 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Lawrenceville.    It  has  2  churches.  P.  200. 

Centreville,  a  post-village  of  Bois6  co.,  Idaho,  about 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Idaho  City.    Gold  is  found  hero. 

Centreville,  Lawrence  co.,  111.,  is  more  properly  called 
Allison  (which  see). 

Centreville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Piatt  co..  111.,  about  15 
miles  W.  of  Champaign  City. 

Centreville,  a  post-village  of  St.  Clair  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Illinois  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Louis,  and 
7  miles  N.W.  of  Belleville.  It  contains  3  churches,  2  pteara 
fiouring-mills,  and  several  public  schools.  Pop.  1116.  Here 
is  Centreville  Station  Post-Office.     See  also  Millstadt. 

Centreville,  a  hamlet  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.,  12  miles  S.E. 
of  Fort  Wayne. 

Centreville  (Lewis  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of  Vigo  co., 
Ind.,  in  Pierson  township,  about  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Terre 
Haute.     It  has  2  wagon-shops.     Pop.  about  100. 

Centreville,  an  incorporated  post-town  of  Wayne  ec, 
Ind.,  is  on  Noland's  Fork  of  Whitewater  River,  and  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of 
Richmond.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  news- 
paper ofiice,  chair-works,  saw-  and  lumber-mills,  a  patent- 
fence  factory,  and  manufactures  of  boots  and  shoes.  It 
was  formerly  the  capital  of  the  county.     Pop.  864. 

Centreville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Appanoose  oo., 
Iowa,  in  Centre  township,  on  the  Missouri,  Iowa  &  Ne- 
braska Railroad  at  its  junction  with  the  Chicago,  Rock 
Island  A  Pacific  Railroad,  125  miles  W.S.W.  of  Muscatine, 
and  about  33  miles  S.W.  of  Ottumwa.  It  has  a  courthouse, 
5  churches,  2  national  banks,  a  foundry,  a  flouring-mill, 
a  woollen-factory,  and  3  weekly  newspaper  offices.  Coal 
and  limestone  are  abundant  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  3668. 

Centreville,  a  post-office  of  Linn  co.,  Kansas,  on  Sugar 
Creek,  in  Centreville  township,  about  55  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Lawrence.  It  has  3  church  organizations,  and  a  district 
school.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1662. 

Centreville,  township,  Neosho  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  794. 

Centreville,  a  post-village  of  Bourbon  co.,  Ky.,  8 
miles  N.W.  of  Paris,  and  about  15  miles  N.E.  of  Lexington 
It  has  3  churches,  a  seminary,  and  several  stores. 

Centreville,  a  hamlet  of  Catahoula  parish,  La.,  about 
22  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Harrisonburg.  It  has  a  church 
Here  is  Funny  Louis  Post-Office. 

Centreville,  a  post-village  of  St.  Mary's  parish.  La., 
on  the  navigable  bayou  Teche,  5  miles  below  Franklin.  It 
has  8  stores  and  4  churches.     Pop.  about  300. 

Centreville,  township,  Washington  co.,  Me.    Pop.  145. 

Centreville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Queen  Anne  co., 
Md.,  is  on  an  inlet  or  creek  which  opens  into  Chesapeake 
Bay,  about  36  miles  by  water  S.E.  of  Baltimore.  It  is  the 
southwestern  terminus  of  the  Queen  Anne  &  Kent  Railroad. 
It  contains  5  churches,  the  Centreville  Academy,  2  carriage 
factories,  and  a  foundry.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  put 
lished  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1309. 


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Centreville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Barnstable  township,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  4  miles  W.  of 
iHyannis.     It  has  a  church. 

i  Centreville,  a  village  of  Maple  Ridge  township,  Delta 
loo.i  Mich.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  30  miles 
\JS,  of  Escanaba.     Here  is  Lathrop  Post-OflSce. 

Centreville,  a  township  of  Leelenaw  co.,  Mich.,  on 
Lake  Michigan.     Pop.  1274. 

Centreville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  St.  Joseph  co., 
Mich.,  on  Prairie  River,  and  on  the  Air-Line  division  of  the 
Michigan  Central  Railroad,  64  miles  W.S.W.  of  Jackson, 
and  30  miles  S.  of  Kalamazoo.  It  has  a  national  bank,  4 
churches,  a  union  school,  a  newspaper  office,  2  foundries, 
and  manufactures  of  knit  goods,  <fec.  Pop.  749. 
1  Centreville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anoka  co.,  Minn.,  in 
'Centreville  township,  3  miles  W.  of  Centreville  Station, 
;whlch  is  on  the  Lake  Superior  <fc  Mississippi  Railroad,  17 
miles  N.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  a  church.  The  township  con- 
tains Rice  Lakes,  a  summer  resort.  Pop.  of  the  township, 
i729.  Centreville  Station  is  in  Washington  co. 
Centreville,  Winona  co.,  Minn.,  is  now  called  Witoka. 
'  Centreville,  a  village  of  Newton  co..  Miss.,  9  miles 
I  from  Lake  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  2  steam 
'  lumber-mills,  and  forests  of  pine. 

Centreville,  a  post-village  of  Wilkinson  co..  Miss.,  70 
I  miles  by  rail,  or  13  miles  direct,  E.  of  Woodville.  It  has 
\  3  chnrches.     Pop.  500. 

i  Centreville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Reynolds  co., 
'  Mo.,  about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Ironton.  It  has  a  newspaper 
i  office  and  3  churches.  Pop.  32. 
I  Centreville,  Dodge  co.,  Neb.  See  Everett. 
I*  Centreville,  a  village  of  Lancaster  co.,  Neb.,  on  Salt 
I  Creek,  about  10  miles  S.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  a  church,  &o, 
I  Centreville,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  N.H.,  4  miles 
j  N.  of  Ossipee.     Pop.  100. 

;      Centreville,  a  village  of  Camden  co.,  N.J.,  is  a  part  of 
j  the  8th  ward  of  Camden.    It  is  divided  from  Camden  proper 
■  by  Little  Newton  Creek  and  a  marsh,  and  from  Gloucester 
I  by  Newton  Creek.     It  extends  nearly  a  mile  eastward  from 
the  Delaware  River,  is  on  the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  2  miles 
S.  of  its  terminal  station  in  Camden,  is  also  on  the  Camden, 
Gloucester  <fc  Mt.  Ephraim  Railroad,  and  is  the  W.  terminus 
of  the  Philadelphia  &  Atlantic  City  Railroad.     Its  W.  por- 
tion is  also  known  as  Stockton.    The  village  has  3  or  4 
churches.     It  is  connected  with  Camden  by  a  street-railway. 
Centreville,  a  station  in  Cumberland  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Bridgeton  &  Port  Norris  Railroad,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Bridge- 
ton,  and  2  miles  from  Port  Norris. 

Centreville,  a  village  in  Hudson  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  New 
Jersey  Central  Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of  New  York.  It  is 
a  part  of  Bayonne. 

Centreville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  2i 
miles  from  Neshanio  Railroad  Station,  and  about  22  miles 
N.  of  Trenton.     It  has  a  church. 

Centreville,  a  hamlet  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  near 
Raritan  Bay,  1  mile  from  Holmdel  Station. 

Centreville,  a  station  in  Passaic  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Newark  Branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  at  Richfield. 

Centreville,a  hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  in  Knowlton 
township,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Belvidere. 

Centreville,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Centreville  township,  about  44  miles  S.E.  of  Buffalo.  It 
has  3  churches.  Pop.  167;  of  the  township,  997.  Hero 
are  3  cheese-factories. 

Centreville,  a  hamlet  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  1  mile  from 
Milan.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 
Centreville,  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.     See  Portland. 
Centreville,  Clinton  co.,  N.Y.    See  Mooers  Forks. 
Centreville,  a  village  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Clay 
and  Cicero  townships,  3  miles  from  Clay  Railroad  Station, 
and  6  miles  N.  of  Syracuse.     It  has  2  churches  and  2  stores. 
Pop.  289. 
Centreville,  a  former  name  of  Turner's,  N.Y. 
Centreville,  a  hamlet  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Coming 
township,  i  mile  from  Painted  Post. 

Centreville,  a  village  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Lloyd 
township,  3  miles  from  Lloyd  Post-Office.  It  has  a  church, 
a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  2  stores,  <fec. 

Centreville,  a  hamlet  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  J  of 
a  mile  from  Westchester  Railroad  Station.  It  has  several 
churches  and  a  Catholic  protectory. 

Centreville,  a  village  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  in  Smith 
township,  about  16  miles  S.W.  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va.  It  has 
2  or  3  churches.     Pop.  167.     Here  is  Demos  Post-Offlco. 

Centreville  (Lee's  Creek  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of  Clin- 
ton CO.,  0.,  in  Wayne  township,  about  66  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Cincinnati.    It  has  a  church. 


Centreville  (Thurman  Post-Office),  a  village  of  Gallia 
CO.,  0.,  in  Raccoon  township,  about  16  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Gallipolis.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  union  school,  a 
flouring-mill,  and  a  planing-mill. 

Centreville,  a  hamlet  of  Guernsey  co.,  0.,  5  miles  N.E. 
of  Cambridge.  It  has  2  churches.  The  name  of  its  post- 
office  is  Midway. 

Centreville  (Spencer  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of  Medina 
CO.,  0.,  in  Spencer  township,  10  miles  from  Wellington  Sta- 
tion.    It  has  2  churches  and  3  stores.     Pop.  about  100. 

Centreville,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  0.,  in 
Washington  township,  and  in  the  Miami  Valley,  about  10 
miles  S.  by  E.  from  Dayton.  It  has  3  churches,  and  valu- 
able quarries  of  limestone,  of  which  its  houses  are  built. 

Centreville,  a  hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  0.,  in  Centre 
township,  10  miles  AV.  of  Dexter  City.  It  has  a  church. 
Here  is  Moscow  Mills  Post-Office. 

Centreville,aformernameofSwANTON,  Fulton  co.,  0. 

Centreville,  a  village  of  Bedford  co.,  Pa.,  in  Cumber- 
land Valley  township,  16  miles  S.  of  Bedford.  It  has  2 
churches.     Here  is  Cumberland  Valley  Post-Office. 

Centreville,  a  hamlet  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  3  miles  S. 
of  Wellsburg,  N.Y.  It  has  manufactures  of  brooms,  pic- 
ture-frames, &o. 

Centreville,  a  village  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  in  Bucking- 
ham township,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Buckingham. 

Centreville,  a  borough  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  in  Slippery 
Rock  township,  about  44  miles  N.  of  Pittsburg,  and  16  miles 
E.  by  N.  from  New  Castle.  It  has  6  churches,  a  savings- 
bank,  a  tannery,  a  foundry,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  5  stores. 
Pop.  366.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Slippery  Rock. 

Centreville,  a  station  in  Butler  co..  Pa.,  on  the  She- 
nango  &  Alleghany  Railroad,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Mercer. 

Centreville,  a  station  in  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Ches- 
ter Valley  Railroad,  6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bridgeport. 

Centreville,  a  post-borough  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  on 
Oil  Creek,  10  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Titusville,  It  has  3  churches, 
a  graded  school,  a  grist-mil),  and  a  newspaper  office.  Oil 
is  found  near  it.     Pop.  274. 

Centreville,  Cumberland  co..  Pa.    See  Dickinson. 

Centreville,  a  village  of  Elk  co..  Pa.,  in  Fox  town- 
ship, on  the  Daguscahonda  Railroad,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Ridg- 
way.  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  a  high  school,  a  tannery,  a 
brewery,  and  several  coal-mines.  The  name  of  its  post- 
office  is  Kersey. 

Centreville,  a  village  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Cone- 
maugh  River,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  i  mile 
from  New  Florence  Station,  and  64  miles  E.  of  Pittsburg. 
It  has  a  church  and  about  30  houses. 

Centreville  (Stone  Church  Post-Office),  a  village  of 
Northampton  co.,  Pa.,  in  Upper  Mt.  Bethel  township,  4 
miles  from  Portland  Railroad  Station.  It  has  3  churches 
and  a  tannery. 

Centreville,  a  hamlet  of  Perry  co..  Pa.,  in  Liverpool 
township,  about  28  miles  N.N.W,  of  Harrisburg. 

Centreville,  a  village  of  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  6  miles 
W.  of  Brownsville.     It  has  a  church. 

Centreville,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  R.I.,  in  AVar- 
wick  township,  on  the  Pawtuxet  River,  12  miles  by  rail 
S.S.W.  of  Providence.  Here  are  manufactures  of  cotton 
and  woollen  goods.  It  has  a  bank,  2  churches,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  800. 

Centreville,  a  village  in  Hopkinton  township,  Wash- 
ington CO.,  R.I.,  adjacent  to  Rockville.  It  has  a  brick  cot- 
ton-mill, with  4064  spindles  and  68  looms.     Pop.  74. 

Centreville,  a  post-village  of  Turner  co.,  S.D.,  22 
miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Parker.  It  has  9  churches,  2 
banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  tow-mill,  roller-mills,  and 
public  schools.     Pop.  in  1890,  723. 

Centreville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hickman  co., 
Tenn.,  on  Duck  River,  about  50  miles  S.W.  of  Nashville. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  national  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Centreville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Leon  co.,  Tex., 
14  miles  S.E.  of  Jewett  Station,  and  125  miles  N.E.  of 
Austin.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  newspaper  office.    P.  288. 

Centreville,  or  Centerville,  a  post-village  of  Davis 
CO.,  Utah,  on  Great  Salt  Lake,  and  on  the  Utah  Central  Rail- 
road, 11  miles  N.  of  Salt  Lake  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Centreville,  a  hamlet  of  Accomack  co.,  Va.,  2  miles 
from  Onancock.     It  has  2  stores. 

Centreville,  a  post-village  of  Fairfax  co.,  Va.,  25  miles 
W.  by  S.  from  Washington,  D.C.  It  has  2  churches.  The 
battle  of  Bull  Run  was  fought  near  here,  July  21,  1861. 

Centreville  (Shakleford's  Post-Office),  a  village  of 
King  and  Queen  co.,  Va.,  2i  miles  from  West  Point.  It 
has  4  Btoresj  3  coach-factorieSj  <to. 


GEN 


840 


OER 


Ceatreville)  a  rillag«  of  L«wia  oo.,  Washington.    Se« 

OBNTnALIA. 

Centreville,  Snohomish  oo.,  Wash.    See  Stanvtood. 

Centre  Ville,  a  village  of  Monroe  oo.,  W.  Vn.,  11  miles 
8.E.  of  Tulcott  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2  churche.«,  2 
flonring-mills,  and  2  stores. 

Centreville,  a  haiulet  of  Upshur  co.,  W.  Va.,  43  miles 
6.  of  Clarl{!iburg.     It  has  several  churches. 

Centreville*  a  post-hamlot  of  Wayne  co.,  W.  Va.,  12 
miles  from  Huntington.    It  has  3  churches,  and  coal  mines. 

Centreviile  (Hika  Post-Ofiico),  n  village  of  Mnnitowuo 
00.,  Wis.,  on  Lalce  Michigan,  1  mile  from  tlio  Milvrnukee, 
Lake  Shore  A  Western  Railroad,  and  12  miles  N.  of  She- 
boygan. It  has  2  churches,  a  brewery,  a  public  school,  2 
brick-yards,  do.     Pop.  about  260. 

Centreviile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Trempealeau  co.,  Wis., 
5  miles  N.  of  Trempealeau  Station.      It  has  2  churches. 

Centreviile,  a  post-village  in  Addington  co.,  Ontario, 
on  Whelan's  Creek,  17  miles  N.N.E.  of  Napanoc.    Pop.  300. 

Centreviile,  a  post-village  in  Albert  oo..  New  liruns- 
wick,  on  the  Petitcodiac  River,  14}  miles  below  Moncton. 
Pop.  200. 

Centreviile,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  co.,  New  Bruns- 
wick, 20  miles  N.  by  W.  of  VVoodstock.     Pop.  600. 

Centreviile,  or  Trout  Cove,  a  post-village  in  Digby 
CO.,  Neva  Scotia,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Digby     Pop-  200. 

Centreviile,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
4  miles  from  Kentville.  Pop.  250.  New  Germasv,  Lunen- 
burg CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  is  sometimes  called  Centreviile. 

Centreviile,  a  village  in  Oxford  co.,  Ontario,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Thames,  2  miles  from  Ingersoll.  Pop.  150. 
For  other  places  in  Ontario  which  are  sometimes  called  Cen- 
treviile, see  LuTox,  Nohham,  and  South  Monaohan. 

Centreviile,  Prince  Edward  Island.     See  Bedeque. 

Centreviile  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C. 

Centreviile  Pike,  Indiana.     See  Olive  Hill. 

Centreviile  Station,  a  post-office  of  St.  Clair  oo.,  111., 
is  at  the  village  of  Centreville. 

Centreviile  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Fallsburg  township,  on  the  Oswego  Midland  Rail- 
road, 26i  miles  N.N.W.  of  Middletown.     It  has  2  stores. 

Centre  Waterborough.  SeeWATERBORounnCENTnE. 

Centre  White  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  White  Creek  township,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Troy, 
and  2  miles  from  the  Troy  A  Boston  Railroad.  It  has  a 
church. 

Centrop'olis,  a  post-villnge  of  Franklin  co.,  Kansas, 
in  Centropolis  township,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ottawa.  It 
has  a  church,  a  steam  grist-mill,  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  783. 

Centropolis,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co..  Mo.,  5  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Kansas  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school, 
car-works,  and  an  iron-foundry.     Pop.  400. 

Centum  Cellsn,  the  ancient  name  of  Civita  Vecchia. 

Centuripie,  or  Centnripi.    See  Centorbi. 

Ceos,  the  ancient  name  of  Zea. 

CephaliFdinm,  the  ancient  name  of  Cepal&. 

Cephalonia,  s4f-S,-lo'ne-i  (It.  pron.chif-i-lon'e-iand 
ch5f-i-lo-nee'i;  modern  Gr.  Kfc^aAoft'a,  k6f-iV-lo-nee'4 ;  anc. 
6r.  Kei))aAKijvia;  L.  Cephnlle'nia),  or  Kephalo'nia,  called 
also  Kephallinia,  k£f-&-lcc-nee'i,  an  island  of  the  Medi- 
terranean, one  of  the  largest  of  the  Ionian  Islands,  belong- 
ing to  Greece.  It  is  a  few  miles  W.  of  the  mainland,  and 
about  3  miles  from  Ithaca,  between  lat.  38°  4'  and  38°  29' 
N.  and  Ion.  20°  21'  and  20°  49'  E.  Length,  32  miles; 
breadth,  from  5  to  12  miles.  Area,  302  square  miles.  The 
surface  is  generally  mountainous.  A  calcareous  ridge 
traverses  the  island  from  N.W.  to  S.E.,  the  highest  sum- 
mit of  which,  called  Oros  Ainos,  is  about  5000  feet  above 
the  se<a-level.  This  lofty  peak  was  anciently  crowned  by  a 
temple  of  Jupiter,  of  which  no  trace  remains,  the  mountain 
•being  now  covered  with  wood.  The  only  plain  in  the  island 
of  any  extent  is  in  the  S.W.,  near  Argostoli :  it  is  about  6 
miles  in  length,  and  is  planted  with  vines.  There  are  other 
fertile  spots,  but  the  soil  is  in  general  thin.  The  coast-line 
Is  deeply  marked  with  indentations,  the  principal  of  which 
are  the  bays  of  Samos,  Zola,  and  Argostoli :  the  last  extends 
about  7  or  8  miles  inland,  and  has  good  anchorage.  The 
principal  produce  of  the  island  is  currants,  of  which  large 
quantities  are  exported.  The  other  products  are  wheat, 
oil,  wine,  cotton,  flax,  salt,  oranges,  lemons,  figs,  and  carobs. 
Many  of  the  inhabitants  are  brought  up  to  the  medical 
profession  and  afterwards  emigrate  for  practice  to  Turkey. 
The  greater  part  of  the  population  are  of  the  Greek  Church ; 
tbe  others  are  of  the  Latin  Church,  and  hare  a  bishop  and 
■cvcral  convents  of  Franciscans. 

Cephalonia  was  known  anciently  by  varions  names,  being 


called  Samot  in  the  Odyssey,  and  Tetrnpolii  by  Thucydidt 
In  1 89  B.C.  the  island  came  under  the  Roman  dominion,  m 
became  subject  to  the  Bytantines  till  the  twelfth  ccntm 
fWlling  afterwards,  successively,  to  the  Normans,  Vcnctini 
Turks,  and  again  to  the  Venetians,  who  retained  ji.i- 
of  it  till  1797.     By  the  peace  of  Tilsit,  in  1809,  th. 
obtained  it,  but  were  soon  after  driven  out  by  the  1  :..,.. 
under  whose  protection  it  remained  till  1804,  when  it  « 
annexed  to  Greece,  of  which  kingdom  it  forms  a  noii,, 
Chief  towns,  Argostoli  and   Lixuri,     Pop.  in  18S9,  80,178, 
Adj.  and  inhab.  Cei'HAI.onian,  sif-a-lo'ne-an. 

Cephis'sin,  or  Me'las,  a  river  of  Greece,  rises  in 
Phocis,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Salona,  flows  E.,  forming  the  N, 
boundary  of  Boeotia,  and  enters  Lake  Topolias  8  milet 
E.N.E.  of  Livadia. 

Cephis'sia,  or  Kephis'sia,  a  village  of  Greece,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Athens,  with  a  grotto  dedicated  to  the  saintf, 
also  a  mosque,  and  many  fine  remains  of  antiquity. 

Cephis'sus,  or  Cephi'sus  (Gr.  K^<^t(r(rof  or  K^ivot), 
a  river  of  Greece,  in  Attica,  rises  beneath  Mount  Pame*. 
and,  after  a  S.W.  course  of  about  25  miles,  enters  the  Oulf 
of  i*;gina,  5  miles  W.S.W,  of  Athens. 

Ceppaloni,  ch6p-p\-lo'nee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Avcllino,  6i  miles  S.  of  Bcncvento.     Pop.  2888. 

Ccprano,  chd-pri'no  (anc.  Fregel'lm),  a  town  of  Italy, 
11  miles  S.E.  of  Frosinone.     Pop.  4538. 

Ce'ra,  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  W.  of  Timor 
Laut.    Lat.  8°  10'  S.,  Ion.  130°  55'  E.,  and  20  miles  in  circuit. 

Ceral'vo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ohio  co.,  Ky.,  on  (ireen 
River,  3  miles  from  Ilockport  Railroad  Station,  which  ii 
117  miles  S.W.  of  Louisville. 

Ceram',  or  Zcram'  ( Port.  pron. 8i-ri'6N«or8i-rCwK<>'), 
called  by  the  natives  Sirang,  see^rftng',  or  Ceirain, 
s4-e-r5wN«',  an  island  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  the  scconil 
largest  of  the  Moluccas,  lies  between  Booroo  on  the  W,  and 
Papua  on  the  E.,  and  immediately  N.  of  Amboyna.  It 
stretches  from  lat.  2°  47'  to  3°  50'  S.  and  from  Ion.  127°  51' 
tol23°56'E.  Area,  10,000  square  miles.  The  island  is  im- 
perfectly  known.  It  is  traversed  by  mountain-ranges  rising 
from  a  table-land  of  considerable  elevation  and  sending 
down  innumerable  streams  to  the  sea.  The  mountains  vary 
from  6000  to  8000  feet  in  height,  and  that  called  Noosaheli 
rises  to  9250  feet.  The  vegetation  is  luxuriant  and  gigan- 
tic. The  sago-palm,  in  particular,  is  more  abundant  here 
than  in  any  of  the  adjoining  islands.  It  grows  100  feet 
high,  and,  instead  of  400  pounds,  as  at  Amboyna,  a  single 
tree  will  sometimes  yield  1200  pounds  of  starch,  Cluve- 
and  nutmeg-trees  grow  wild,  and  the  woods  abound  in 
magnificent  forest  trees.  Near  the  E.  end,  on  the  N.  side, 
is  the  village  of  Waroo,  on  the  bay  of  the  same  name,  about 
lat.  3°  25'  S.,  Ion.  130°  40'  E. 

The  coasts  are  peopled  by  bold  and  enterprising  Malay 
fishermen  and  trafiickers,  who  carry  the  produce  of  their 
fisheries  to  the  Sunda  Islands  and  Singapore.  The  interior 
is  peopled  by  the  Alfooras,  of  a  race  identical,  apparently, 
with  those  of  Celebes.  Christian  missionaries  have  made 
numerous  converts  along  the  coasts.  The  country  is  gov- 
erned by  native  chiefs  under  Dutch  supervision. 

The  aborigines  of  Ceram  are  mostly  idolaters,  and  the 
coast  population  generally  Mohammedans.  Notwithistand- 
ing  its  superabundant  fertility,  Ceram  is  very  thinly  peo- 
pled.    The  present  population  is  estimated  at  195,000. 

Ceram i,  chi-ri'mee,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  of  Cata- 
nia, 17  miles  W.  of  Bronte.     Pop.  5145. 

Ceram'  Laut,  I6wt,  or  Serang'  Lant  ("Seaward 
Ceram"),  a  cluster  of  small  islands  in  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago, lying  off  the  E.  end  of  the  island  of  Ceram,  from 
which  they  are  separated  by  the  island  and  strait  of  Kef- 
fing.  The  chief  island  is  about  5  miles  long,  is  mountninou?, 
and  belongs  to  the  Dutch.     Lat.  3°  48'  S. ;  Ion.  131°  E. 

Cerano,  chi-ri'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  Si 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Novara.     Pop.  4097. 

Cerasus,  the  ancient  name  of  KEREsooy. 

Ceraunii  Monies.    See  Acroceraunian  Moustaixs. 

Ccrbalus,  a  river  of  Italy.     See  Cervaro. 

Cer^bat',  a  post-village  of  Mohave  co.,  Arizona,  6  miles 
S.  of  Mineral  Park.  It  has  silver-mines  and  reduction-works, 

Cerchiara,  ch^R-ke-A'rd,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Cosenza,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Castrovillari.     Pop.  2268. 

Cercidins,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  the  Liamoxb. 

Cercina,  the  ancient  name  of  Kerkini. 

Cercine,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  the  Takixos. 

Cercinetis  Sinus.    See  Gulp  op  Kerkixit. 

Cerda,  ch^R'di,  a  town  of  Sicily,  3  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of 
Termini.     Pop.  4013. 

Cerdagne,  s^R'd&n',  an  old  division  of  Europe,  in  the 
Pyrenees,  partly  in  the  French  department  of  PyrSn^es- 


CER 


841 


CER 


■ien  talcs,  and  partly  in  the  Spanish  provinces  of  Barce- 
na,  Gerona,  and  Lerida. 

{Cerdeiia,  the  Spanish  for  Sardinia. 
Cerdon,  sfiu'din"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ain,  14  miles 

|e.  of  Bourg.     Pop.  1775. 

C^re^  saiR,  a  river  of  Southern  France,  departments  of 
intal  and  Lot,  rises  in  the  Plomb-de-Cantal,  and,  after  a 
.course  of  about  55  miles,  joins  the  Dordogne  near  Brete- 
lUX.    Aurillac  is  on  one  of  its  affluents. 

I  Cerea,  chA-ri'A,  a  town  of  Italy,  19  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ve- 
na.    It  has  the  remains  of  an  ancient  castle,  and  is  the 

i|at  of  an  annual  fair.     Pop.  5600. 

ijCerebelliaca,  the  ancient  name  of  Chabeuil. 

'Cere'do,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  "W.  Va.,  is  on 

;e  Ohio  River,  6  miles  below  Huntington,  and  about  15 

'ilea  above  Ironton,  0.     It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a 

'rgo  saw-mill,  and  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  about  300. 
Cerenccs,  saVfisss',  a  town  of  France,  in  Manche,  9 

'iles  S.  of  Coutances.     Pop.  2162. 

jCerc  Novo,  chi'r.\  no'vo  {i.e.,  "New  Caere"),  a  small 

fllago  of  Italy,  3i  miles  E.  of  Cervetere  (which  see). 
Ceres,  seers,  a  village  of  Scotland,  in  Fifeshire,  3  miles 

I  of  Cupar- Fife.     Pop.  1111. 

i  Ceres,  chi'rSs,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  22  miles 
J\V.  of  Turin.     Pop.  1942. 
Ceres,  se'rcz,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Stanislaus  co., 
(v!.,  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad  (Visalia  division),  24 
jiles  S.E.  of  Lathrop,  and  4  miles  S.  of  Modesto. 
'  Ceres>  a  post-hamlet  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  about  40 
(iles  N.W.  of  Dubuque.     It  has  a  church. 
t  Ceres,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Oswayo 
j.-eek,  in  Genesee  township  (partly  in  Ceres  township,  Pa.), 
)out  10  miles  S.E.  of  Olean.     It  has  a  church  and  2  lum- 
'jr-mills.     Pop.  nearly  200. 

!  Ceres,  a  township  of  McKean  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  New 
;ork  line.    Pop.  793. 

I  Ceresco,  s§-res'ko,  a  post-village  of  Calhoun  co.,  Mich., 
'i  the  Kalamazoo  River,  on  the  lino  between  Emmett  and 
liarshall  townships,  and  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad, 
I  miles  AY.  of  Marshall,  and  about  42  miles  S.W.  of  Lan- 
ing.     It  has  3  churches,  a  union  school,  a  flouring-mill,  a 
,w-mill,  and  a  money-order  post-office.     Pop.  about  450. 
Ceresco,  a  township  of  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn.    P.  623. 
Ceresco,  a  post-village  ot  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn.,  18 
!  lies  S.W.  of  Mankato.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  600. 
I  Ceresco,  a  post-village  of  Saunders  co.,  Neb.,  about  20 
'iles  N.  of  Lincoln.     It  has  a  church. 
j  Ceresius  Lacus.    See  Lago  di  Lugano. 
■  Ceresole,  chi-ri-so'li,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont, 
lii  miles  N.W.  of  Alba.     Pop.  1780.     In  its  vicinity  the 
|rcnch  gained  a  celebrated  victory  over  the  Imperialists, 
ipril  14,  1544. 

I  Ceret,  si^rA.',  a  frontier  town  of  France,  department  of 
yr6n6es-Orientalcs,  IS  miles  S.W.  of  Perpignan.  Pop. 
;r37.  It  was  formerly  fortified,  and  has  manufactures  of 
i)rks,  leather,  and  copper-wares. 

',  Ceriana,  ch4-rc-i'n3,,  a  village  of  Italy,  5  miles  N.  of 
in  Remo.     Pop.  2381. 

j  Cerignola,  chi-reen-yo'li,  an  episcopal  town  of  Italy, 
[rovinco  and  24  miles  S.E.  of  Foggia.  It  has  a  college, 
'sveral  convents,  and  a  hospital.  The  inhabitants  nianu- 
MJturo  linen.  In  1503  the  Spaniards  here  defeated  the 
i'  rench,  when  the  Duke  de  Nemours,  who  commanded  the 
j.ttor,  was  slain.     Pop.  21,739. 

'  Cerigo,  ch6r'e-go  (anc.  Latin,  Cythe'ra ;  Gr.  Kuflrjpo, 
ironounced  by  the  modern  Greeks  kith'e-ra),  the  southern- 
fiost  of  the  Ionian  Islands,  belonging  to  Greece,  in  the 
'[cditcrrnnean,  off  the  S.  extremity  of  the  Morea,  between 
I  it.  36°  7'  and  36°  23'  N.,  and  in  Ion.  about  23°  E.  Area, 
16  square  miles.  Pop.  10,637.  Shores  abrupt  and  danger- 
fus  to  shipping.  Surface  mostly  mountainous  and  rocky, 
[lore  cattle  arc  reared  here  than  in  any  other  of  the  Ionian 
I  slands.  Chief  crops,  wheat,  maize,  pulse,  cotton,  fla-t,  wine, 
I  live  oil,  and  honey.  Principal  town,  Capsali,  at  its  S.  ex- 
j'omity.  The  people  are  of  Greek  origin,  and  are  all  of  the 
[reek  Church.  Cerigo  was  celebrated  in  ancient  times  for 
[  le  worship  of  Venus ;  and  near  the  fortress  of  San  Nikolo 

I  re  some  ruins  of  the  ancient  city  of  Cythera  and  its  temples, 
erigo  was  long  subject  to  the  Lacedemonians,  and  belonged 

I I  turn  to  Macedon,  Egypt,  Rome,  and  Venice. 

I  Cerigotto,  ch4-re-got'to,  or  Ogilia,  o-jil'e-i  (anc. 
lEgila),  a  small  island  of  the  Mediterranean,  midway  be- 
ween  Cerigo  and  Crete,  and  belonging  to  Greece.  Length, 
j  miles ;  breadth,  from  1  to  3  miles. 

,    C6rilly,  siVee'yee',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
illier,  24  miles  W.N.W.  of  Moulins.     Pop.  2691. 
Cerina,  Tzerina,  ch&-ree'n&,  or  Djerines  (ano. 
64 


Cerin'ia,  Ceryne'ia,  or  Cero'nia),  a  town  of  Cyprus,  on  its 
N.  coast,  10  miles  N.  of  Lefkosia.  It  has  an  indiflcrent 
port,  and  ancient  quarries  and  catacombs. 

Cerisy,  s§h-ree'zee',  several  communes  and  villages  of 
France,  in  Normandy,  the  principal  in  the  department  of 
Manche,  10  miles  S.AV.  of  Saint-Lo.  It  has  the  church 
of  an  abbey  founded  by  Robert  of  Normandy  in  1030,  and 
completed  by  William  the  Conqueror.     Pop.  2016. 

Cerizay,s?h-ree^zd',  a  town  of  France,  in  Deux-Sfivrea, 
9  miles  W.  of  Bressuire.     Pop.  1467. 

Ccrmignano,  chdn-meen-yil'no,  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  of  Teramo,  12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Penne.     P.  2635. 

Cernay,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  SENNHEm. 

Cerne-Abbas,  s?rn-ab'bas,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Dorset,  7i  wiles  N.  of  Dorchester.     Pop.  of  parish,  1174. 

Cernctz,  or  Zernetz,  ts6R'n5ts,  a  village  of  Switzer- 
land, canton  of  Grisons,  in  the  Lower  Engadine,  31  miles 
S.E.  of  Chur.     Pop.  603. 

Cernilow,  ts6R'ne-lov,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  circle  of 
Koniggratz,  near  Smiritz.     Pop.  1514. 

Cernogora,  the  native  name  of  Montenegro. 

Cernowitz,  or  Cernovic,  tsfiB'no-vitz,  a  town  of 
Bohemia,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Tabor.     Pop.  2000. 

Cernusco-Asinario,  ch6u-noos'ko-fl,-se-ni're-o,  a 
town  of  Italy,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Milan,  on  the  Canal  of 
Martesana.     Pop.  4770. 

Ceronia,  the  ancient  name  of  Cerina. 

Ccrreto,  chfiR-Ri'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Bene- 
vento,  on  the  Apennines,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Capua.  Pop. 
6089.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  a  cathedral  with  fine  paint- 
ings, a  college  church,  and  a  diocesan  school. 

Cerreto  Guidi,  chfln-Ri'to  gwee'dee,  a  town  of  Italy> 
province  of  Florence,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Empoli.     Pop.  6061. 

Cerri,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany.    See  Zeri. 

Cerril'los,  a  post-village  of  Santa  F6  co..  New  Mexico, 
27  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Gloricta.  It  has  a  church  and  2 
newspaper  offices.     Pop.  446. 

Cerro,  chfin'RO,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Campo< 
basso,  13  miles  N.N.E.  of  Venafro.     Pop.  2466. 

Cerro  Azul,  scr'ro  i-thool',  a  town  of  Peru,  with  a 
port  on  the  Pacific,  about  75  miles  S.S.E.  of  Callao. 

Cerro  del  Andevalo,  thfiu'RodSl  in-dd-vi'Io,  atown 
of  Spain,  25  miles  N.  of  Huelva.  Pop.  3190.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  linens  and  coarse  woollens. 

Cerro  de  las  Juntas,  Mexico.    See  Quiotepec. 

Cerro  de  Pasco,  eSu'ro  di,  p&s'ko,  called  also  simply 
Pasco,  a  town  of  Peru,  department  of  Junin,  on  a  rail- 
way, 138  miles  N.E.  of  Lima,  13,673  feet  above  the  sea- 
level.     It  is  the  seat  of  rich  silver-mines. 

Cerro  Frio,  a  town  of  Brazil.    See  Serro  Frio. 

Cerro  Gordo,  sSr'ro  goR'do,  a  mountain-pass  through 
which  the  National  Road  conducts  from  Vera  Cruz  to  the 
city  of  Mexico,  60  miles  N.AV.  of  the  former.  This  pass 
was  taken  possession  of  by  the  Mexicans,  13,000  strong, 
under  Santa  Anna,  in  the  spring  of  1847,  and  the  heights 
on  either  side  were  strongly  fortified,  for  the  purpose  of  in- 
terrupting the  march  of  the  United  States  troops,  numbering 
9000,  under  General  Scott,  from  Vera  Cruz  to  the  capital  of 
Mexico.  The  battle  was  fought  on  the  18th  and  19th  of 
April,  and  resulted  in  the  totaldefeatof  Santa  Anna's  army. 

Cer'ro  Gor'do,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Iowa,  has 
an  area  of  676  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Lime  Creek 
and  the  West  Fork  of  Cedar  River.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level,  or  undulating ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  hay, 
and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Central  Iowa  Railroad,  and  by  a  branch  of 
the  Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul  Railroad.  Capital,  Mason  City 
Pop.  in  1870,  4722;  in  1880,  11,461;  in  1890,  14,864. 

Cerro  Gordo,  a  post-office  and  mining  camp  of  Inyo 
CO.,  Cal.,  on  a  high  mountain.  It  has  silver-mines  and 
smelting-works.     Pop.  of  Cerro  Gordo  Township,  474. 

Cerro  Gordo,  a  village,  capital  of  Holmes  co.,  Fla., 
on  the  Choctaw hatchee  River,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Nashville. 
It  has  several  church  organizations,  a  court-house,  a  jail, 
and  several  stores.     Pop.  409. 

Cerro  Gordo,  a  post-village  of  Piatt  co..  111.,  12  miler 
by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Decatur.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank, 
public  schools,  2  newspaper  ofiSces,  a  mill,  an  elevator,  and 
manufactures  of  brick  and  tile,  and  plough-polishing  ma- 
chines.    Pop.  in  1890,  939. 

Cerro  Gordo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind.,  7 
miles  S.W.  of  Winchester. 

Cerro  Gordo,  a  post-township  of  Lao  qui  Parle  oo., 
Minn.     Pop.  265. 

Cerro  Gordo,  a  post-village  of  Columbus  oo.,  N.C.,  on 
the  Wilmington,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  63  milei 
W.  of  Wilmington.    It  has  a  church  and  several  storei. 


CER 


M2 


CEU 


Cerro  Gordo,  a  poit-hamlet  of  Ilardin  eo.,  Tonn.,  on 
Che  TeaneMea  Kiver,  about  10  diiIm  below  Sarannoh.  It 
hat  a  gri8t-mill  and  a  it«ainboat-landing. 

Cerro  Gordo  Asnl,  in  Peru.    See  Crrro  Azirii. 

Cerro  Gordo  dc  Potoai,  s^u'ro  gon'dodtl  po-to-see', 
a  famous  metnltifcruus  inounUvin  of  Bolivia,  imuiodiately 
S.W.  of  Potogi.     Elevation,  10,037  feot. 

Cerro  Gordo  Morado  Negro,  sAr'ro  goR'do  mo- 
r4'do  n4'gro,  two  mountains  of  South  America,  in  the  Ar- 
gentine Uepublio,  department  of  La  Ilioja.  One  of  them 
&  said  to  yield  gold -ore. 

Cer'ro8«  an  island  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  off  the  coast  of 
Lower  California,  in  lat.  28"  12'  N.,  Ion.  113°  20'  AV. 
Length,  N.  to  S.,  30  miles ;  breadth,  5  miles.  Coasts  greatly 
indented ;  surface  rugged  and  barren. 

Cersus,  or  Kcrsus,  Syria.    See  Mbrkez. 

Certa,  or  8erta,  sAn'til,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira, 
32  miles  S.E.  of  Coimbra.     Pop.  3912. 

CertaldOjchdn-t&l'do,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  ISJ 
milca  by  rail  S.W.  of  Florence,  on  the  Elsa.  Pop.  7120. 
It  is  celebrated  as  the  birthplace  of  Boccaccio. 

Cern'lean  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Trigg  oo.,  Ky., 
12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cadiz,  and  16  miles  N.W.  of  Ilopkins- 
Tille.  It  has  2  churches,  2  stores,  a  grist-mill,  Ae.  Here  is 
a  sulphur  spring  which  is  much  frequented. 

Cervaro,  chfin-vi'ro  (anc.  Ccrbalu»),  a  river  of  Italy, 
rises  in  the  Apennines  near  Ariano,  and,  after  a  N.E.  course 
of  50  miles,  enters  the  Gulf  of  Manfredonia. 

Cervaro,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta,  22  miles 
S.E.  of  Sora.     Pop.  4836. 

Cervasca,  chdn-vls'ki,  a  village  of  Italy,  6J  miles 
S.W.  of  Coni,  near  the  left  bank  of  the  Stura.     Pon.  2686. 

Cervatos  de  la  Cneza,  thdR-v&'toce  AK  1&  kwd'- 
thi,  a  town  of  Spain,  23  miles  N.N.W.  of  Palencia.  P.  821. 

Cerveira,  or  Villa-Nova  da  Cerveira,  vil'lA-no'vi 
d&  Bin-vi'e-ri,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Minho,  16 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Vianna,  on  the  Minho.     Pop.  2300. 

Cervera,  thjR-vi'rS,,  a  town  of  Spain,  28  miles  by  rail 
E.  of  Lerida.  Pop.  about  5000.  It  stands  on  a  conspicuous 
height,  is  well  built,  and  enclosed  with  old  walls.  The  prin- 
cipal edifices  are  those  of  its  former  university  (transferred 
to  Barcelona),  and  some  handsome  churches  and  convents. 

Cervera,  a  town  of  Spain,  68  miles  N.  of  Palencia. 
Pop.  1858. 

Cervera  del  Rio  Alhama,  thjR-vi'ri  ddl  ree'o  il- 
l'm&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  LogroBo,  18  miles  S.  of 
Calahorra.     Pop.  3586. 

Cervetere,  chfiR-v5t'i-ri,  or  Cervetri,  chSr-vi'tree, 
t.e..  Cere  Vetere,  Ceere  Vetus,  "  Old  Caere"  (anc.  Cee're),  a 
village  of  Italy,  in  the  Campagna,  27  miles  W.  of  Rome. 
Casre  was  in  antiquity  one  of  the  12  great  cities  of  Etruria. 
Its  acropolis  is  occupied  by  the  modern  village,  and  remains 
of  Pelasgic  walls  and  Etruscan  tombs  still  exist.     P.  1883. 

Cervia,  chdR've-i,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Emilia,  ISJ 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Ravenna,  on  the  Adriatic.  Its  salt-works 
in  the  adjoining  marshes  are  important.  Cervia  is  a  bishop's 
cee.    Pop.  5733. 

Cervicales,  chfin-ve-kl'lSs,  or  Cipricaglie,  che- 
pre-kil'yd.,  a  group  of  small  islands  in  the  Mediterranean, 
S.E.  of  the  island  of  Corsica.     Lat.  41°  33'  N. 

Ccrvinara,  chfiR-ve-ni'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  12  miles  N.W.  of  Avellino.     Pop.  8047. 

Cervin,  Mont.    See  Mont  Cervin. 

Cervione,  chfiR-ve-o'nd,  a  town  on  the  E.  coast  of  Cor- 
nea, 26  miles  S.  of  Bastia.     Pop.  1509. 

Cervoli,chfiR-vo'lee  (anc.Co^«m6a'na.'),a8mall  island 
of  Italy,  in  the  Mediterranean,  5  miles  E.  of  Elba. 

Ceryneia,  an  ancient  name  of  Cerina. 

Cerza  Maggiore,  chSRd'zi  mid-jo'ri,  a  village  of 
Italy,  province  and  7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Campobasso. 

Cerza  Piccola,  chfind'zi  pik'ko-li,  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  and  6  miles  S.  of  Campobasso. 

Ccsana,  chi-si'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  11 
miles  S.AV.  of  Belluno.     Pop.  2430. 

Cesano  Maderno,  cha-s3,'no  m3,-d5R'no,  a  village  of 
Italy,  10  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Milan,  on  the  Seveso.     P.  1903. 

Ce'sar  Creek,  a  township  of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind.  P.  556. 

Cesarea.    See  Ccsarea. 

Cesaro,  chi-si'ro,  a  town  of  Sicily,  on  a  hill,  7J  miles 
N.W.  of  Bronte.     Pop.  4348. 

Cesenn,  chi-si'nd,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Forli, 
12  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Forli,  on  the  Emilian  Way.  Pop., 
with  suburbs,  35,870.  Principal  buildings,  the  town  hall  in 
the  great  square,  the  Capuchin  church,  with  a  fine  painting 
by  Gnercino,  the  library  founded  in  1452  and  rich  in  MSS., 
a  cathedral,  and  a  large  theatre.  It  is  a  bishop's  see. 
Popes  Pius  VI.  and  VII.  were  both  natives  of  this  town. 


The  adjacent  Benedictine  monastery  has  a  fine  church. 
The  sulphur-  and  vitriol-works  of  Bologna  and  Rimini  art 
Buppliea  with  sulphur  from  the  mines  S.  of  Cescnu. 

Ceaenatico,  chA-sd-n&'te-ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
Emilia,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Coscna,  on  the  Adriatic,  pop. 
6178.     It  is  partly  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  a  sinnll  hnrbor! 

Cesi,  chVsee,  or  Cesio,  ch&'se-o,  a  village  of  Italy,  7* 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Narni.  Near  it  is  the  Grotta  del  VenUi 
whence  a  strong  current  of  wind  issues.     l*op.  15X2. 

Ce88enon,648^8fh-n&N<>',  a  village  of  France,  in  ]i6raalt, 

15  miles  E.  of  St.  Pons,  on  the  Orbe.     Pop.  1950. 
Cess'ford,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ro.\burgh,  fi 

miles  N.E.  of  Jedburgh.  Here  is  an  ancient  castle,  famuui 
in  the  border  wars. 

Cess'na,  a  township  of  Ilardin  co.,  0.     Pop.  752. 

Cessna,  a  post-oflico  of  Bedford  co..  Pa.,  and  a  ftation 
on  the  Iloldorbaum  Branch  of  the  Bedford  it  Bridgepurt 
Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Bedford. 

Cesson,  868^86n°',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ilo-et- 
Vilaine,  3  miles  E.  of  Rennes,  on  the  Vilaine.     Pop.  2625. 

Cestona,  thSs-to'n&,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Guipuzcou, 
11  miles  S.W.  of  San  Sebastian,  near  the  Urola. 

Cestos,  a  river  of  Liberia.     See  Sestos. 

C^ton,  siHds*',  a  town  of  France,  in  Orne,  23  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Mortngne.     Pop.  1060. 

Cetona,  chd-to'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  fii- 
enna,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Chiusi.  Pop.  3989.  It  is  built 
around  the  foot  of  Mount  Cetona,  and  has  a  castle,  a  rich 
collection  of  Etruscan  antiquities,  a  palace,  &e. 

Cetraro,  chi-tri'ro,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Co- 
senza,  with  a  small  fishing-port  on  the  Mediterranean,  2{ 
miles  N.W.  of  Cosenza.     Pop.  6473. 

Cette,  s6tt  (anc.  Mona  Se'tius  or  Se'ti'um  Promonto'rtHm), 
a  town  of  Franco,  department  of  Herault,  at  the  head  of  tiie 
railway  from  Beaucairo,  on  a  tongue  of  land  separating  the 
salt  lagoon  of  Thau  from  the  Mediterranean,  19  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Montpellier.  Lat.  of  light-bouse,  43°  23'  4S" 
N. ;  Ion.  3°  42'  16"  E.  Pop.  24,177.  It  is  a  fortress  of  the 
first  class,  defended  by  a  citadel,  and  is  well  built:  the 
principal  edifices  are  the  church  of  St.  Louis,  the  public 
baths,  and  library.     Its  harbor  is  spacious  and  secure,  from 

16  to  19  feet  in  depth,  and  is  formed  by  two  piers  with  a 
breakwater  in  front,  defended  by  forts  on  either  pier.  A 
broad  and  deep  canal,  bordered  with  quays  and  warchouFC?, 
connects  the  port  with  the  lagoon  and  with  the  Canal  du 
Midi,  and  with  canals  leading  to  the  Rhone,  by  which  means 
Cette  carries  on  an  extensive  trafiic.  The  imports  comprise 
inferior  wine  from  Spain,  pitch,  sulphur,  timber,  cotton 
and  wool,  colonial  produce,  Ac.  The  exports  consist  of  wine, 
brandy,  almonds,  verdigris,  salt  from  adjacent  salt-works, 
syrups,  liqueurs,  soap,  perfumery,  and  glass-wares,  the 
products  of  its  own  factories.  Cette  has  a  large  foreign  and 
coastwise  trade,  and  also  an  active  oyster-  and  anchovy- 
fishery.  The  principal  articles  manufactured  in  Cotte  are 
grape  sugar,  spirits,  perfumes,  syrups,  soap,  and  casks.  It 
has  also  glass-works  and  ship-building  yards.  There  are 
large  establishments  for  the  rectification  of  wines  for  export. 
Salt-works  were  established  in  the  vicinity  in  1789,  and 
are  now  producing  salt  of  a  very  superior  quality.  Cette  ia 
the  residence  of  various  consuls,  and  has  a  tribunal  of  com- 
merce, a  school  of  navigation,  a  commercial  college,  and  a 
communal  college.  It  is  of  modern  origin,  having  been 
founded  by  Louis  XIV.,  in  1666,  at  the  base  of  the  ancient 
Mons  Sethis  (whence  its  name). 

Cettina,  tsit-tee'ni,  a  river  of  Austria,  Dalmatia,  rises 
in  the  Dinaric  Alps,  about  lat.  44°  N.,  and  falls  into  the 
Adriatic  at  Almissa.     Length,  50  miles. 

Cettinje,  ch6t-teen'yi,  written  also  Cetin.je,  Zc» 
tiiye,  Ccttin,  chct-teen',  and  Cettigno,  chSt-tecn'yo, 
a  town  and  capital  of  Montenegro,  17  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cat- 
taro.  It  is  the  residence  of  the  prince  and  the  bishop.  It 
has  a  prison  and  a  library.     Pop.  about  1200. 

Ceuta,  su'ta  (Sp.  pron.  thS'oo-tfl,;  anc.  Septa  f;  Moor- 
ish, Sella),  a  seaport  town  of  Africa,  belonging  to  Spain,  in 
Morocco,  opposite  and  17  miles  S.S.E.  of  (Jibraltar.  Lat. 
(Mount  Acho)  35°  54'  4"  N. ;  Ion.  5°  16'  6"  W.  The  cas- 
tle occupies  the  highest  point  of  a  mountain  (the  ancient 
Ahyla,  and  one  of  the  Pillars  of  Hercules,  the  rock  of  Gib- 
raltar being  the  other)  at  the  extremity  of  the  peninsula. 
On  the  narrow  isthmus  at  the  opposite  extremity  is  another 
Strong  citadel ;  and  between  the  two  is  the  town,  which  has 
a  cathedral,  several  convents,  a  hospital,  a  convict  estab- 
lishment, and  schools.  Ceuta  has  many  points  of  resem- 
blance to  Gibraltar ;  it  is  well  supplied  with  water,  and,  if 
properly  garrisoned,  would  be  all  but  impregnable.  It  is 
the  chief  of  the  Spanish /)re»i</io»  on  the  African  coast,  th« 
■eat  of  a  royal  court,  and  the  residence  of  a  military  gov- 


CEV 


•rnor.  It  was  taken  from  the  Moors  by  Portugal  in  1415, 
:  and  has  belonged  to  Spain  since  1640.  Pop.  ]0,.395. 
I  Ceva,  chi'vS,  (anc.  Ce'ha),  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont, 
!  ?6  miles  E.  of  Coni,  on  the  Tanaro.  Pop.  4929.  It  stands 
at  tho  foot  of  a  rock  on  which  is  a  dismantled  citadel.  It 
ha?  manufactures  of  silk  twist,  and  a  trade  in  cheese. 

Cayennes,  si'vSnn'  (anc.  Ceben'na  or  Ceben'na  Mon»), 
a  range  of  mountains  in  the   S.  of  Franco,  commencing 
at  the  Canal  du  Midi,   W.  of  Carcassonne,  and  running 
N.N.E.  to  the  Canal  du  Centre.     They  are  divided  into  the 
South  and  North  Cevennes:  the  former,  under  the  names 
of  the  Montagncs  Noires,  Espinouse,  Garrigues,  and  Lozere, 
i  extend  over  120  miles  to  Mont  Lozere,  where  the  chain 
'  forms  a  group  called  Monts  du  Gcvaudan,  which  sends  sev- 
'  eral  contreforts  to  the  N.  and  S.     The  North  Cevennes  take 
I  tho  names  of  Monts  Vivarais,  Lyonnais,  Forez,  and  Charo- 
lais.     The  Loire,  Allier,  Lot,  Aveyron,  Tarn,  116rault,  Gard, 
!  and  other  rivers  have  their  sources  in  these  mountains,  the 
S.  portions  of  which  contain  many  extinct  volcanoes  and 
present  many  deep  fissures  in  the   higher  valleys.     The 
highest  points  are  Mezin,  5794  feet,  and  Lozere,  4884  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea.     The  C6vennes  served  as  a  re- 
treat for  numerous  Protestant  families  after  the  revocation 
of  the  edict  of  Nantes. 

Cevennes,  an  old  country  of  France,  which  formed  the 
N.E.  part  of  Languedoc.  Capital,  Mende.  It  was  divided 
Into  G6vaudan,  Velay,  Vivarais,  and  Cevennes  proper,  the 
last  now  chiefly  included  in  the  department  of  Gard. 

Cevero- Vostochnoi.    See  Cape  Severo-Vostochnoi. 

Cevico  de  la  Torre,  thA,-vee'ko  dd  IS.  toR'n^,  a 
town  of  Spain,  Leon,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Palencia.  Pop.  2072. 

Cevolla,  a  town  of  Spain.     See  Cebolla. 

Ceylon,  see-Ion'  or  sll-on'  (native,  Singhala,  sing-gi'- 
'A;  anc.  Tajjroh'ane),  an  island  of  the  Indian  Ocean,  form- 
ing a  crown  colony  of  Great  Britain.  Separated  from 
Eeninsular  India  by  a  strait  called  the  Gulf  of  Manaar,  it 
;  entirely  independent  of  the  British  Indian  government. 
It  lies  between  lat.  5°  65'  and  9°  51'  N.,  Ion.  79°  41'  40" 
and  81°  54'  50"  E.  Length,  N.  and  S.,  271  miles ;  greatest 
breadth,  137  miles.  Area,  including  some  small  coast- 
islands,  24,702  square  miles.  It  is  generally  mountainous, 
except  in  the  N.,  where  the  country  is  a  wide  plain. 
Piduru  Talagala,  8295  feet  high,  is  the  loftiest  peak.  The 
island  forms,  as  a  whole,  one  of  the  most  beautiful  regions 
in  the  world.  The  soil,  for  the  most  part  not  highly  fertile, 
is  still,  under  the  influence  of  abundant  moisture  and  of  an 
otherwise  propitious  climate,  admirably  adapted  to  the  pro- 
duction of  the  great  staples  of  the  island,  which  are  coflee. 
cinnamon,  cocoanut  oil,  coir,  rice,  tobacco,  <to.  Irrigation 
is  extensively  practised.  The  native  agriculture  is  well 
conducted,  and  there  are  many  English  planters.  Some 
tea  and  cinchona  bark  arc  produced.  Gold,  iron,  and  pre- 
cious stones  are  among  the  minerals.  Plumbago  is  largely 
obtained  here,  and  fine  ornamental  woods  arc  also  exported. 
Among  the  wild  animals  are  the  elephant,  several  species 
of  deer,  monkeys,  bears,  and  panthers.  Pearl  oysters  (of 
two  distinct  genera)  abound  on  tho  coast,  and  the  fishery 
aflbrds  in  some  years  a  handsome  revenue.  The  dominant 
race  of  people  are  the  Singhalese,  who,  though  Booddhists, 
have  a  rigid  system  of  caste.  The  Tamils  are  mainly  of 
the  Brahmanic  religion,  and  there  are  many  Moham- 
medans (Moormen),  chiefly  of  Arabic  descent.  Among  the 
wild  tribes  are  the  degraded  Veddahs.  The  Portuguese 
(1517-1658)  and  tho  Dutch  (1638-1796)  had  large  posses- 
sions here,  and  there  are  not  a  few  of  their  descendants 
in  the  country.  The  government  is  administered  by  a 
British  governor,  who,  like  the  other  principal  officers,  is 
appointed  by  the  crown.  The  governor  has  unusually  large 
powers.  There  is  a  system  of  public  education.  Several 
railways  are  in  operation.  The  principal  towns  are  Co- 
lombo, Jaffna,  Kandy,  and  Galle.     Pop.  in  1891,  3,008,239. 

Ceylon,  se'lon,  a  post-oflSce  and  station  of  Erie  oo.,  0., 
in  Berlin  township,  on  Lake  Erie,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore 
Railroad,  13  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sandusky  City. 

Ceylon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co..  Pa.,  in  Cumber- 
land township.     Here  coal  is  mined.     It  has  a  store. 

Ceylon,  a  township  of  St.  Croix  co.,  AVis.     Pop.  348. 

Ceze,  s^z  or  siz,  a  river  of  France,  in  Gard,  joins  the 
Rhone  6  miles  AV.  of  Orange.     Length,  50  miles. 

Cezimbra,  si-zeem'bri,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Estre- 
madura,  on  the  Atlantic,  18  miles  S.  of  Lisbon.     Pop.  3085. 

Chaam,  Kim,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North 
Brabant,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Breda,     Pop.  1358. 

Chabanais,  shi^bi^ni',  a  town  of  France,  in  Charente, 
on  the  Vienne,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Angouleme.     Pop.  1733. 

Chabarova,  chS,-bJ.-ro'vi,  a  town  on  the  Arctic  coast 
of  Siberia,  at  the  point  nearest  to  the  island  of  Yaigats. 


$U  CIIA 

Chaberis,  the  ancient  name  of  tho  Caveut. 

Chabeuil,shi'bui'  (anc.  Cerete^/racfi),  a  town  of  France, 
in  DrOme,  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Valence,  on  the  Vfioure.  It  has 
manufactures  of  silk.     Pop.  4461. 

Chabkan,  or  Tchabkan,  chlb^kiln',  written  also 
Djabkan  and  Tschagan  Tokoi,  a  river  of  the  Chi- 
nese dominions,  in  the  Khalkas  country,  after  a  generally 
AV.  course,  estimated  at  500  miles,  enters  Lake  Ike-Aral- 
Nor  near  lat.  48°  N.,  Ion.  90°  E. 

Chablais,  shi^bli'  (It.  Sciahlese,  shS-bli'si),  a  former 
province  of  Savoy,  on  the  Lake  of  Geneva,  between  the  A'al- 
lese  and  the  Genevese. 

Chabliak,  Tchabliak,  chSbMe-ik',  Sabliak,  sH* 
ble-ik',  Sziabak,  see'3,-bdk',  or  Tchiabak,  chee"fl,-bik', 
a  town  of  Montenegro,  18  miles  N.  of  Scutari,  at  the  en- 
trance of  the  Moratsha  into  the  Lake  of  Scutari,  It  is 
stated  to  comprise  250  houses. 

Chabiis,  shi^blee',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Yonne,  9  miles  E.  of  Auxerre,  on  tho  Serein.  Pop.  2339. 
In  its  vicinity  is  produced  the  wine  called  Chahlis. 

Chabon,  a  village  of  Santo  Domingo.    See  Quiabok. 

Chabris,  shil'brce',  a  town  of  France,  in  Indre,  30 
miles  N.  of  Chateauroux.     Pop.  3111. 

Chabur,  or  Chaboras,  a  river.    See  Khaboor, 

Chacabuco,  chi-kS-boo'ko,  a  town  of  Chili,  25  milea 
N.  of  Santiago  de  Chile,  on  the  Colina. 

Chacahoula  (shi^kA-hoo'li)  Station,  a  post-village 
of  Terre  Bonne  parish,  La.,  on  the  Louisiana  &  Texas  Rail- 
road, 61  miles  AV.S.AV.  from  New  Orleans.  It  is  on  the 
Chacahoula  Bayou,  which  is  dry  in  summer.  It  has  ser-- 
eral  stores  and  sugar-mills. 

Chacao,  chi-ki'o  or  chd-kow',  a  small  town  of  Chili, 
with  a  good  port,  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  island  of  Chiloe, 
16  miles  N.E.  of  Ancud, 

Chacao  Strait,  a  narrow  channel  in  South  America, 
between  the  coast  of  Chili  and  the  N.  side  of  Chiloe. 

Chace's,  a  station  in  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Middle- 
borough  &  Taunton  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of  Taunton. 

Chachacomani,  chi-chS-ko-mi'nee,  a  mountain-peak 
of  the  Andes,  in  Bolivia,  Lat.  16°  S.j  Ion.  68°  25'  W. 
Height,  20,235  feet. 

Chachapoyas,  eh3,-ch3,-po'yis,  or  Chacapoyas, 
chl-ki-po'yis,  improperly  written  Caihapoyas,  some- 
times called  San  Juan  de  la  Frontera,  sin  ju'an  (or 
sin  Hoo-in')  di  Id  fron-td'ri,  a  town  of  Peru,  capital  of  the 
department  of  Amazonas,  and  of  a  province  of  its  own  name, 
70  miles  N.E.  of  Caxamarca.  It  is  a  bishop's  see.  It  has  a 
university,  a  fine  cathedral,  and  a  grand  plaza,  and  is  clean 
and  well  paved.     Pop.  6000. 

Chaco,  El  Gran.    See  El  Gran  Chaco. 

Chad,  Tchad,  or  Tschad,  chid,  written  also  Tsad, 
a  lake  of  Central  Africa,  between  Borneo  on  the  AV.,  Kanem 
on  the  N.E.,  and  Baghirmi  on  the  S.E, 

The  N.AV.  shore  of  Lake  Chad,  where  it  reaches  farthest 
AA''.,  and  not  far  from  its  N,  limit,  lies  in  about  lat.  14°  15' 
N.,  Ion.  12°  50'  E.  From  N.  to  S.  it  has  probably  an  ex- 
tent of  120  or  150  miles.  Its  width,  from  E.  to  AV.,  was 
estimated  by  Denham  to  be  130  miles ;  but  Overweg,  rely- 
ing chiefly  on  native  information,  reduces  this  to  60  or  80 
miles,  for  its  area  varies  from  10,000  square  miles  in  the 
dry  season  to  about  50,000  in  December.  Overweg  em- 
barked on  the  lake  at  Maduari,  a  boat-harbor  a  little  to 
the  E.  of  Kooka,  made  his  way  through  narrow  channels 
between  small  islands  covered  with  reeds,  in  which  hippo- 
potami find  shelter,  and  at  last  entered  the  Inkibul,  or  open 
water.  Steering  N.E.  for  two  days,  he  reached  a  labyrinth 
of  islands,  the  largest  of  which  did  not  exceed  5  miles  in 
length.  On  one  of  these  islands  (Belarigo)  he  spent  four 
days,  being  treated  with  the  greatest  kindness  by  tho 
natives.  He  then  sailed  farther  E.,  still  among  islands, 
with  now  and  then  a  view  of  the  open  sea,  but  was  dis- 
suaded by  the  islanders  from  landing  on  the  E.  side. 

The  inhabitants  of  the  islands  in  the  middle  and  on  the 
N.E.  side  of  the  lake  are  the  Biddumas,  an  independent, 
piratical  nation,  of  mixed  origin,  their  islands  having 
afforded  a  refuge  to  the  persecuted  of  surrounding  nations. 
They  are  well  made  and  active,  with  jet-black  complexions 
and  regular  features.  Some  of  the  islands  are  densely  peo- 
pled. Cattle  and  goats  are  abundant ;  corn  and  cotton  aro 
the  chief  objects  of  cultivation. 

The  mean  elevation  of  Lake  Chad  is  about  1150  feet,  but 
it  is  subject  to  great  changes  of  level.  The  country  around 
it  is  everywhere  low,  and,  on  its  AA''.  and  S.  shores  at  least, 
extremely  fertile.  This  great  fresh-water  lake  is  compara- 
tively shallow,  its  depth  being  found  to  vary  from  8  to  1 5 
feet.  It  is  stocked  with  fish,  water-fowl,  turtle  of  enormoui 
size,  and  crocodiles,     T^ake  Chad  receives,  besides  many 


OIIA 


844 


CHA 


mn»f\  stroams,  tb«  Teoo,  whioh  flows  into  it  from  the  hills 
of  Houssk  in  the  W.,  with  a  course  of  perhaps  40U  miles. 
It  descends  rapidly,  and  is  dry  at  its  mouth  during  five 
months  of  the  your.  Its  chief  tributary  is  the  Shari,  a 
great  and  naviptble  river,  descending  through  Baghiruii. 

Lalce  Chad  hiw  ordinarily  no  outlet,  but  at  extreme  high 
water  its  surplus  is  sometimes  poured  into  a  great  bnsin 
called  Boiiole,  .HUO  miles  northeastward,  by  a  broad  channel 
known  ns  the  Uahr-cl-UnznI. 

Chndda,  a  river  of  Africa.    See  Brnuwe. 

Cbadd's  Ford,  a  poet-village  of  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  on 
Brandywine  Creek,  .30  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Philadel- 
phia, and  about  12  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Media.  It  has 
a  church,  a  hotel,  and  a  flour-  and  griot-mill.  The  battle 
of  Brandywine  was  fought  here,  September  11,  1777. 

Chadi-Lenbii,  obJl'dee-16-oo-boo',  a  river  of  the  Ar- 
gentine Republic,  forming  a  continuation  of  the  Atuel,  and 
entering  the  Kio  Salado,  in  lat.  36°  40'  S. 

CImdobets,  or  Tchadobctz,  oh&-do-bSts',  a  river 
of  Siberia,  rises  in  Yeniseisk.  It  flows  very  cirouitously 
about  200  miles,  and  joins  the  Angara  at  Chadubsk. 

Chad'ron,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Dawes  oo..  Nob.,  32 
miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Rushville.  It  has  5  churches, 
4  banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  packing-house,  roller-mills, 
a  foundry,  a  creamery,  an  academy,  public  schools,  a  high 
school,  and  manufactures  of  brooms.     Pop.  1867. 

Chad'wick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ionia  co.,  Mich.,  13  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Ionia.     It  has  a  church. 

Chadwick's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y., 
8  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Utica.  It  has  a  church,  a  district 
school,  nnd  a  cotton-mill.     Pop.  400. 

Chaeronea,  k6r-o-nce'a,  a  ruined  city  of  Greece,  in 
Bceotia,  5  miles  N.  of  Livodia,  famous  for  a  victory  gained 
by  Philip  of  Macedon  over  the  Athenians  and  Thcbans, 
338  B.C.,  and  for  Sylla's  victory  over  the  general  of  Mith- 
ridatcs,  B.C.  86.  Its  remains  comprise  an  ancient  theatre, 
one  of  the  most  perfect  in  Greece,  an  aqueduct,  and  a  small 
temple.  On  a  portion  of  the  site  stands  the  village  of 
Kapurna,  with  a  church  in  which  are  some  interesting  an- 
tiquities ;  and  about  1  mile  distant  is  the  mutilated  colossal 
lion  surmounting  the  sepulchre  of  the  Boeotians  who  fell  at 

the  battle  of  Chteronea. Adj.  and  inhab.  Cn^noNEAN, 

kfir-o-neo'an. 

Chaffarine  Islands.    See  Zaffarix  Islands. 

Chaf'iinville,  a  village  of  ilolden  township,  Worcester 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston,  Barre  &  Gardner  Railroad,  6 
miles  N.W.  of  Worcester.     It  has  a  woollen-mill. 

Chagny,  sh4n^j-ee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Sa6ne-et-Loire, 
at  a  railway  junction,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Chaion-sur-Saflne. 
Pop.  3876.  It  has  quarries  of  stono  and  manufactures  of 
glass,  oil,  flour,  Ac. 

Cha'gos  Islands,  an  extensive  archipelago  in  the 
Indian  Ocean,  being  a  southward  extension  of  the  Maldive 
group.  Lat.  5°-8°  S.:  Ion.  71°-73°E.  They  are  all  small, 
of  coral  form.ation,  and  are  disposed  in  many  minor  groups. 
In  the  S.E.  is  an  island  called  Chagos,  Grand  Chagos,  or 
Diego  Garcia.  The  islands  are  claimed  by  Great  Britain, 
and  are  scantily  peopled.     Chief  product,  cocoanut  oil. 

Chagrcs,  clii'grfis,  a  town  of  the  United  States  of  Co- 
lombia, on  the  N.  coast  of  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  at  the 
mouth  of  Chagres  River.  Lat.  9°  18'  N.;  Ion.  79°  69'  W. 
It  is  a  mere  collection  of  huts,  miserable  and  extremely  un- 
healthy, with  a  harbor  for  vessels  drawing  10  or  12  feet 
water.  The  entrance  to  the  harbor  is  rather  difficult,  re- 
quiring a  fair  wind  ;  but  when  the  vessel  has  once  entered 
it  is  perfectly  secure. 

Chagres  River,  of  the  United  States  of  Colombia,  rises 
about  30  miles  N.E.  of  Panama,  flows  at  first  W.,  and  then 
N.,  and  enters  the  Caribbean  Sea  near  lat.  9°  18'  13"  N. 
It  traverses  a  fertile  country,  and  below  the  influx  of  the 
Trinidad  its  depth  varies  from  16  to  30  feet;  but  its  naviga- 
tion is  impeded  by  numerous  falls  and  by  its  great  rapidity. 
Affluents,  the  Pequeni,  Trinidad,  and  Gatun. 

Chagrin  (sha-grcen')  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Cuya- 
hoga 00.,  0.,  on  the  Chagrin  River,  about  IS  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Cleveland.  It  is  5  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Solon,  on  the  Cleve- 
land <t  Canton  Railroad.  It  has  3  churches,  an  iron-foundry, 
excellent  flagstone-quarries,  a  bank,  and  manufactures  of 
machinery,  paper,  maple-sugar,  cheese,  lamp-  and  book- 
stand-holders, Ac.  The  river  here  affords  water-power 
(which  is  employed  in  several  mills),  and  flows  through 

Eicturesque  scenery.     One  weekly  newspaper  is  published 
ere.     Pop.  in  1890,  1243;  of  the  township,  1564. 
Chagrin  (or  Chagrins)  River,  Ohio,  rises  in  Geauga 
CO.,  near  Chardon,  and  runs  S.W.  to  Chagrin  Falls.     From 
this  point  it  flows  N.  through  Cuyahoga  oo.,  and  enters 
Lake  Erie  in  the  W.  part  of  Lake  co. 


Chahan,  or  Tchahnn,  ch&'h&n',  called  also  Tcha^- 
han'-Sou^bar^knn'-Kho^tou',  a  town  of  Mongolii^^ 
about  200  miles  N.N.E.  of  Peking.  Lat.  41°  5a'  N.;  Ion. 
119°  5'  E.    It  has  a  summer  palace  of  the  Chinese  emperor. 

Chaharbag,  chil-haR-b&g',  a  town  of  Afghanititun,  T* 
miles  N.  of  Cabool.  It  has  a  manufactory  of  swords,  gun 
barrels,  and  cutlery. 

Chaibassa,  or  Chaibasa,  chl-b&s'&,  a  town  of  India, 
capital  of  the  Singbhoom  district,  100  miles  W.  of  Midna- 
poor.     Pop.  4200. 

Chaillac,  sh&'y&k',  a  town  of  France,  in  Indre,  17 
miles  S.E.  of  Le  Blanc.     Pop.  2643. 

Chaillac,  a  village  of  France,  in  naute-Vicnne,  5  mlloi 
N.N.E.  of  Rochechouart,  on  the  Vienne.     Pop.  1221. 

Cliaillnnd,  slii'yfix"',  a  town  of  France,  in  ilaycnno, 
on  the  Ern6e,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Laval.     Pop.  2340. 

Chaiile- les-Marais,  sh&I-l^-milVJi',  a  village  of 
France,  in  Vendue,  28  miles  S.E.  of  La  Roche-sur-Yon. 
Pop.  2487. 

Chaillevctte,  shi*y?h-v8tt',  a  seaport  of  France,  in 
Charente-Inffiricurc,  6  miles  S.  of  Marennes.     Pop.  935. 

Chain  Dam,  a  station  in  Northampton  co.,  Pa.,  on  tba 
Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Easton. 

Chain  Island,  or  Anaa,  an  island  in  the  Pacific,  in 
the  Anaa  group,  Low  Archipelago,  207  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Tahiti.     Lat.  17°  23°'  S. ;  Ion.  145°  38'  W. ;  12  mile.s  long. 

Chain  Lake  Centre,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  .Martin 
CO.,  Minn.,  about  50  miles  S.o.W.  of  Mankato.  Hero  are 
several  little  lakes. 

Chain  of  Rocks,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  Mo., 
in  Monroe  township,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Wentzvillo  Station. 
It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Chainpoor,  chin^poor',  Chayanpoor,  chrin-poor', 
or  Chyne'pore',  a  town  of  the  Shahabad  district,  Bengal, 
39  miles  S.E.  of  Benares.     Pop.  4029. 

Chainpoor,  a  town  of  India,  Sarun  district.    P.  3044. 

Chaircs,  a  station  in  Leon  co.,  Fla.,  on  the  Jackson- 
ville, Pensacola  &  Mobile  Railroad,  1 2  miles  E.  of  Tallahas.sec. 

Chair'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  IJ  miles 
from  Medford.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Chai>Ya,  shi'yi^  a  maritime  town  of  Siam,  on  the  E. 
side  of  the  Malay  Peninsula.  Lat.  9°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  99°  30'  E. 

Chakha  (chi'ki)  Mountains,  a  range  in  Abyssinia, 
forming  the  S.  boundary  of  Shoa,  and  the  water-shed  be- 
tween the  Nile  and  llawash  Rivers. 

Chakni,  a  town  of  India,  Boglipoor  district.     P.  33G3. 

ChakoAVul,  or  Tschekawal,  chek-6w'al,  a  town  of 
India,  Punjab,  district  and  48  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Rawil- 
Pinde.     Pop.  5764. 

Chala,  chi'li,  a  port  of  Peru,  province  of  Arequipa,  on 
the  Pacific,  about  lat.  15°  50'  S.,  Ion.  74°  W. 

Chalabre,  shlMib'r',  a  town  of  France,  in  Aude,  on 
the  Lers,  24  miles  S.W.  of  Carcassonne.     Pop.  2218. 

Chalain  Mew,  a  town  of  Burmah.    Sec  Sillah  Mew. 

Chalais,  shiMd',  a  town  of  France,  in  Charento,  IS 
miles  S.E.  of  Barbezieux,  on  the  Tude.     Pop.  775. 

Chalamari,  a  town  of  India.    See  Chilmart. 

Chalamont,  shi'li'm6N<>',  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Ain,  19  miles  E.  of  Tr^voux.     Pop.  1147. 

Chalan^on,  sha'l6N»'s6N''',  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Ardfiche,  IC  miles  S.W.  of  Tournqn.     Pop.  1 144. 

Chalatdere,Tchalatdere,cha-l4t-dA'ri,orSalat- 
dere,  siMat-di-rd'  (anc.  Gram'cus),  a  river  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  rises  on  the  E.  side  of  Mount  Ida,  and  falls  into 
the  Sea  of  Marmora  after  a  N.N.E.  course  of  45  miles. 

Chalbak,  Tchalbak,  or  Tschalbak,  chiPbik', 
written  also  Chclbasie  and  Tchelbasie,  chfirbi'sce,  a 
river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  W.  of  the  Caucasus,  enters  the 
country  of  the  Cossacks,  flows  W.,  expanding  into  several 
lakes,  and  falls  into  the  Sea  of  Azof.     Length,  150  miles. 

Chalbuanca,  chil-boo-in'ki,  a  town  of  Peru,  80  miles 
S.W.  of  Cuzco,  province  of  Aimaraez,  on  an  affluent  of  the 
Apurimac. 

Chalcedony  Butte,  k&l-sSd'o-n?  bute,  Colorado,  a 
mountain  in  lat.  38°  47'  50"  N.,  Ion.  105°  41'  W.  It  has 
an  altitude  of  10,400  feet  above  the  sea-level.  ' 

Chalcis,  kal'sis,  Chalkis,  kil'kis,  or  Neg'ropont 
(Turk.  Eg'tipo"  or  E(/^ripoa'),  a  town  of  Greece,  capital  of 
Euboea,  on  the  Euripus,  at  its  narrowest  part,  here  crossed 
by  a  bridge,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Thebes.  It  has  a  large  citadel 
and  a  glacis,  beyond  which  is  the  town,  enclosed  on  the 
land-side  by  old  walls,  and  having  many  edifices  of  Vene- 
tian construction,  with  mosques,  barracks,  and  schools.  In 
and  around  the  town  aro  remains  of  antiquity.     Pop.  6447. 

Chaico,  chil'ko,  a  town  of  Mexico,  25  miles  by  rail 
S.E.  of  Mexico,  on  the  Lake  of  Chaico,  a  basin  9  miles  in 
length  by  6  miles  in  width. 


onA 


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CIIA 


Chnldea,  kal-dee'a,  the  name  given  to  an  ancient  ter- 
itorial  division  of  Asia,  on  the  borders  of  the  Euphrates, 
jhe  extent  of  which  has  varied  much  at  different  times.  In 
omo  parts  of  the  Old  Testament  the  name  Chaldea  appears 
to  be  a  designation  for  the  whole  Babylonian  Empire;  and, 
U  accordance  with  this,  some  of  the  oldest  profane  writers, 
ind  particularly  Berosus,  speak  of  Babylon  as  a  great  resort 
M  the  people  inhabiting  Chaldea.  Ultimately,  however, 
llhe  term  was  much  restricted  in  meaning,  and  Chaldea  was 
sed  to  designate  only  a  particular  district  at  the  S.W.  ex- 
remity  of  Babylonia,  extending  along  the  Persian  Gulf 
,nd  upwards  between  the  right  bank  of  the  Euphrates  and 

■fabia. Adj.  and  inhab.  Chaldean,  kal-dee'an, 

Chaleur  (or  Chaleurs)  Bay.  See  Bay  op  Chaleurs. 
Chal'fant's,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Perry  co.,  0., 
n  Hopewell  township,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad 
Straitsville  division),  19i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Newark. 

Chal'fin  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  111., 

0  miles  S.W.  of  Waterloo.     It  has  a  public  school. 

Chal'font,  a  post-village  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  in  New 

ritain  township,  on  Neshaminy  Creek,  and  on  the  Doyles- 

,own  Branch  of  the  North  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  6  miles 

I'W.  of  Doylestown.  It  has  2  churches,  2  hotels,  and  2  flour- 
mills.  Pop.  about  250. 
Chal'font  St.  Giles,  s?nt  jilz,  a  parish  of  England, 
CO.  of  Bucks,  3  miles  S.  of  Amershiim.  William  Penn,  the 
[founder  of  the  colony  of  Pennsylvania,  is  buried  in  its 
■Friends'  cemetery.  During  the  plague  in  1665,  Milton 
made  this  parish  his  residence,  and  here  he  finished  his 
great  poem,  "  Paradise  Lost." 

Chal'grove,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Oxford,  5  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Wallingford.  In  1643  the  Parliamentary  forces 
were  defeated  here  by  royal  troops  under  Prince  Rupert, 
and  the  patriot  Hampden  was  mortally  wounded. 

Chalk  (chawk)  Blutf,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Ala. 

Cliaiki  (Kil'ke)  Islaud,  one  of  the  Prince's  Islands, 
fSeaof  Marmora,  13  miles  from  Constantinople.  It  is  the 
second  largest  of  the  whole  group,  and  the  most  beautiful. 
There  are  three  convents  on  it,  one  of  which  is  now  a  college. 
1  Chalk  (chawk)  Lev'el,  a  post-township  of  St.  Clair 
CO.,  Mo.,  8  miles  N.W,  of  Osceola.     Pop.  851. 

Chalk  Level,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harnett  co.,  N.C.,  10 
miles  N.  of  Lillington. 

Chalk  Level,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pittsylvania,  co.,  Va., 
about  28  miles  N.  of  Danville.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
tannery. 

Chalk  Mound,  a  post-village  of  Wabaunsee  co.,  Kan- 
sas, about  16  miles  S.  of  Alma.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
common  school.     Pop.  100. 

Chalk'y  Bay,  an  inlet  near  the  S.W.  extremity  of 
New  Munster,  one  of  the  New  Zealand  Islands.  Lat.  46° 
S. ;  Ion.  166°  20'  E.  It  is  separated  on  the  S.E.  by  the  pen- 
insula of  Garden  Island  from  Preservation  Bay,  and  on  the 
N.W.  by  another  peninsula  from  Dusky  Bay.  Length, 
about  16  miles.  The  shores  are  very  much  indented,  and 
it  has  deep  water  throughout,  with  several  good  harbors, 
including  Port  Chalky. 

Challa,  chil'lS,,  a  pass  of  the  East  Cordillera  of  the 
Bolivian  Andes,  14,700  feet  above  sea-level.    Lat.  17°  40'  S. 

Challans,  shirifino',  a.  town  of  France,  in  Vendue  (in 
Les  Sables  d'OIonne),  23  miles  N.W.  of  La  Roche-sur- 
Yon.     Pop.  1775. 

ChaI'lis,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Custer  co.,  Idaho, 
125  miles  N.E.  of  Boise  City.     Pop.  650. 

Chailonois,  or  Challonais,  shirio^ni',  an  old  di- 
vision of  France,  in  the  province  of  Burgundy,  now  com- 
prised in  the  department  of  Sa5ne-et-Loire.  Its  capital 
was  Chalon-sur-Sa6ne. 

Chal'mers,  a  township  of  McDonough  co..  111.  Pop. 
1484,  exclusive  of  Macomb.    It  contains  a  part  of  Macomb. 

Chalmers,  a  post-village  of  White  co.,  Ind.,  in  Big 
Creek  township,  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago 
Railroad,  17  miles  N.  of  Lafayette.  It  has  2  church 
organizations,  a  bank,  a  creamery,  an  academy,  and  a 
broom-factory.     Pop.  300. 

Chalmers  Port,  New  Zealand.    See  Port  Chalmers. 

Chalon.     See  Chalojj-sur-SaOne. 

Chalonnes-sur-Loire,  shiHonn'-silR-lwan',  a  town 
of  France,  in  Maine-et- Loire,  on  the  Loire,  12  miles  by  rail 
S.W.  of  Angers.     Pop.  6505. 

Chalons-sur-Marne,shS,M6N»'-siiR-maRn(anc.  Cata- 
lau'ni,  Catalan' num.,  or  Duro-Catalau'nuni),  a  city  of  France, 
capital  of  the  department  of  Marne,  in  an  open  country,  on 
the  railway  from  Paris  to  Strasburg,  and  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Marne,  here  crossed  by  a  fine  stone  bridge,  106  miles 
E.  of  Paris,  and  25  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Rheims.  Lat.  48° 
67'  22"  N. ;  Ion.  4°  21'  42"  E.    Elevation,  270  feet.    Pop. 


17,692.  It  is  enclosed  by  old  walls,  and  irregularly  built. 
Chief  edifices,  the  cathedral,  a  large  Greco-Gothic  structure, 
the  town  hall  and  prefecture,  both  good  buildings,  the 
churches  of  Notre-Dame  and  St.  Alpin,  the  barracks,  arch 
of  St.  Croix,  and  a  School  of  arts  and  trades.  Outside  of 
the  city  is  a  fine  planted  promenade,  termed  the  Jard. 
Chalons  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  diocesan  school,  a  com- 
mercial tribunal,  schools  of  geometry,  design,  <fec.,  a  botanio 
garden,  a  theatre,  scientific  collections,  a  public  library  of 
28,000  volumes,  and  manufactures  of  woollen,  linen,  and 
cotton  goods,  with  extensive  tanneries,  cooperages,  and  dye- 
factories.  Early  in  the  Christian  era  it  was  one  of  the  most 
important  commercial  cities  of  Europe,  and  it  still  has  an 
active  trade  in  wine,  corn,  wool,  hemp,  rape  oil,  and  the 
products  of  its  factories.  In  its  vicinity  Tetricus  was  de- 
feated by  the  troops  of  Aurelian ;  and  Attila  was  vanquished 
by  the  Romans  and  their  allies  in  the  great  battle  of  ChS,- 
lons,  A.D.  451.  From  the  tenth  century  it  formed  a  kind 
of  independent  state,  governed  by  its  bishops,  till  1360, 
when  it  was  united  to  the  crown. 

Chalon-sur-Saone,  or  Chalons-sur-Saone, 
sh3,'16x"»'-sliii-son  (anc.  CahiUo'num),  a  town  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Saone-et-Loire,  capital  of  the  arrondissement, 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Saone,  at  the  commencement  of 
the  Canal  du  Centre,  and  at  the  crossing  of  two  important 
railways,  36  miles  N.  of  Macon.  Elevation,  584  feet.  Pop. 
19,982.  It  is  well  built ;  and  a  handsome  quay,  lined  by 
good  houses,  stretches  along  the  Saone,  which  here  becomes 
navigable  for  steamboats.  Principal  structures,  the  cathe- 
dral, St.  Peter's  church,  the  Hotel  de  la  Prefecture,  the 
town  hall,  the  Hospice  St.-Laurent  and  Hospital  of  St. 
Louis,  and  an  obelisk  to  the  memory  of  Napoleon  I.,  a  fine 
granite  column,  a  supposed  relic  of  the  Roman  period. 
Chalon  has  a  school  of  design,  a  public  library,  a  college,  a 
theatre,  public  baths,  large  glass-factories,  iron-works,  man- 
ufactories of  chemical  products,  farina,  <fec.  It  is  the  centre 
of  a  considerable  trade,  and  exports  wine,  timber,  charcoal, 
iron,  and  limestone  to  other  parts  of  France. 

Ca;sar  had  grain-magazines  at  Cabillonum.  It  became 
the  capital  of  Burgundy  under  Gontram,  and  was  later  the 
capital  of  the  Chailonois. 

Chaloo,  chiMoo',  a  village  of  Thibet,  midway  between 
two  lakes,  about  60  miles  S.S.E.  of  Teshoo-Loomboo.  Lat. 
28°  20' N.;  Ion.  89°  25'  E. 

Chalosse,  shi'loss',  an  old  division  of  France,  in  the 
province  of  Gascony.  Its  capital  was  Saint-Sever.  It  is 
now  comprised  in  the  department  of  Landes. 

Chalus,  shiMiice'  (anc.  Caa'trum  Lu'cii?),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Haute- Vienne,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Limoges,  on 
the  Tardoire.  It  consists  of  an  upper  and  a  lower  town,  in 
the  former  of  which  are  the  remains  of  the  castle  beneath 
which  Richard  I.  of  England  was  mortally  wounded  in  1199. 
Near  it  is  the  ruined  fortress  of  Montbrun.  Pop.  2181. 

Chalusus,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  tne  Trave. 

Chalybeate  (ka-lib'e-ait)  Springs,  a  post-office  and 
summer  resort  of  Meriwether  co.,  Ga.,  21  miles  W,  of 
Thomaston.    Here  are  2  hotels. 

Chalybes,  Connecticut.    See  Roxburt  Statiox. 

Chalybon,  the  ancient  name  of  Aleppo. 

Cham,  a  Coptic  name  of  Egypt. 

Cham,  Kim,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  at  the  N.  end  oi 
the  Zugersee,  3  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Zug. 

Cham,  Kim,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Cham,  and  on  a 
railway,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Ratisbon.     Pop.  2920. 

Cham,  shim,  a  town  of  Siam,  on  the  Gulf  of  Siam,  70 
miles  S.W.  of  Bangkok. 

Chama,  chi'mi,  a  river  of  Venezuela,  enters  Lake 
Maracaybo,  lat.  9°  N.  and  Ion.  72°  W.,  near  its  S.  extrem- 
ity, after  a  N.  course  of  about  75  miles. 

Chama,  shi'md,  a  river  of  Guinea,  enters  the  Atlantic 

26  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cape  Coast  Castle,  after  a  S.  course  of 
75  miles.     At  its  mouth  is  the  village  of  Chama. 

Chama,  a  post-village  of  Rio  Arriba  co..  New  Mexico, 

27  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Amargo.  It  has  a  church,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  lumber-mills.     Pop.  295. 

Chamaka,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Shamaka. 

Chamalari,  a  mountain  of  India.    See  Shumalari. 

Chamalieres,  shi'miMe-aiR',  a  town  of  France,  iu 
Puy-de-D6me,  2  miles  W.  of  Clermont-Ferrand.    Pop.  1259. 

Chamba,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Chumba. 

Chamberlain,  ch5.m'b§r-lin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allen 
CO.,  Ind.,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Fort  Wayne. 

Chamberlain,  a  city  of  Brul6  co.,  S.D.,  67  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Mitchell.  It  has  7  churches,  3  banks,  a  high 
school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of  flour  and 
wagons.     Pop.  in  1890,  939. 

Chambers,  cham'bjrz,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Ala- 


OHA 


846 


CHA 


bama,  bms  an  ar«a  of  about  660  squar«  miles.  It  U  partly 
boundod  on  the  E.  by  the  Chnttiihoochee  River,  and  is  also 
drained  by  the  TaIlfti)o<)«a  River.  The  surface  is  extcn- 
•ively  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Cot- 
ton, Indian  com,  and  wheat  are  the  staple  products.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Western  Railroad  of  Alabama.  Capital, 
Lafayette.  Pop.  in  1870,  17,562;  in  1830,  23,440;  in  1890, 
26,.'»19. 

Chambers,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
area  of  about  560  souaro  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S. 
by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  on  the  W.  by  Oiilvcston  Bay, 
and  is  intersected  by  Trinity  River.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level ;  the  soil  is  sandy.  Cattle  are  the  staple  product  of 
the  county.  Capital,  Wallisville.  Pop.  in  1870,  1503;  in 
1880,  21S7;  in  1890,  2241. 

Chambers,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co.,  Ky.,  7  miles 
S.  of  Hawesville.     It  has  a  church. 

Chambers,  a  post-village  of  Holt  co..  Neb.,  18  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  O'Neill.  It  has  a  church,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  a  common  school.     Pop.  100. 

Chambers,  a  station  on  the  Toughiogheny  Railroad, 
about  2  miles  from  Sewickley,  Pa. 

Chambers,  a  station  on  the  Utah  Western  Railroad, 
12  miles  W.  of  Salt  Lake  City. 

Chambersburg,  chaui'b^rz-barg,  a  post-village  of 
Pike  CO.,  III.,  nbout  55  miles  W.  of  Springfield.  It  is  in 
Chambersburg  township.  The  village  has  2  churches,  a 
flour-mill,  2  stores,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  720. 

Chambcrsbarg,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co.,  Ind.,  10 
miles  from  Orleans,  and  about  38  miles  W.N.W.  of  New 
Albany.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  200. 

Chambersburg,  a  post-office  of  Clarke  co.,  Mo. 

Chambersburg,  near  Trenton,  N.J.,  is  the  seat  of  a 
house  of  the  Minor  Conventuals  of  St.  Francis.  It  has  an 
academy  and  a  hospital  conducted  by  ladies  of  the  Fran- 
ciscan Tertiary  order.    Pop.  in  1880,  5437. 

Chambersburg,  township,  Iredell  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  949. 

Chambersburg,  a  hamlet  of  Gallia  co.,  0.,  in  Clay 
township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  10  miles  below  Gallipolis.  It 
has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  planing-mill.  Here  is 
Eureka  Post-Office. 

Chambersburg,  Ohio.    See  New  CnAJiBEnsnuno. 

Chambersburg,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  0., 
in  Butler  township,  on  the  Miami  River,  and  on  the  Dayton 
&  Michigan  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Dayton.     Pop.  165. 

Chambersburg,  a  hamlet  of  Baker  co.,  Oregon,  6 
miles  W.  of  Baker  City.    It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  store. 

Chambersburg,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Franklin 
CO.,  Pa.,  is  pleasantly  situfited  in  an  extensive  and  fertile 
valley  on  tno  East  Branch  of  the  Conecocheague  Creek, 
and  on  the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad,  52  miles  W.S.W. 
i»f  Harrisburg,  22  miles  N.  of  llagerstown,  and  157  miles  W. 
of  Philadelphia.  The  houses  are  mostly  built  of  brick  and 
stone.  It  contains  a  court-house,  16  churches,  the  Cham- 
bersburg Academy,  2  national  banks,  4  breweries,  2  iron- 
foundries,  manufactures  of  woollen  goods,  shoes,  furniture, 
paper,  carriages,  farming  implements,  flour,  and  leather, 
and  a  seminary  for  girls  which  is  called  Wilson  College 
and  was  founded  in  1870.  Three  weekly  newspapers  are 
published  here.  A  large  part  of  it  was  burned  by  the 
Confederate  army  in  1863.  The  shops  of  the  Cumberland 
Valley  Railroad  are  located  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  7863. 

Chambers  Court-House,  Ala.    See  Lafayette. 

Chambers  Creek,  Texas,  drains  part  of  Ellis  co., 
runs  southeastward  into  Navarro  co.,  and  unites  with  Wax- 
ahatchie  Creek  to  form  Pecan  Creek. 

Chambers  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ellis  co.,  Tex., 
about  42  miles  S.  of  Dallas.     It  has  3  churches. 

Chambers  Island,  one  of  the  sea-islands  of  Mcin- 
tosh CO.,  Ga.     Pop.  115. 

Chamber's  Island,  in  Green  Bay,  Lake  Michigan,  is 
a  part  of  the  township  of  Gibraltar,  Door  co..  Wis. 

Chambersville,  cham'b§rz-vll,  a  post-village  of  Cal- 
houn CO.,  Ark.,  about  80  miles  S.  of  Little  Rock.  It  has  3 
churches  nnd  an  academy. 

Chambersville,  a  post-office  of  Dade  co..  Mo. 

Chambersville,  a  post-village  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.,  in 
Rayne  township,  7  miles  N.  of  Indiana.     It  has  a  church. 

Chambertin,  sh6M*b8K-tiN«',  a  famous  vineyard  of 
France,  Cote-d'Or,  6  miles  S.  of  Dijon.  It  produces  the 
finest  Burgundy  wine. 

Chamb6ry,  shftM'bi'rce',  or  Chamberry  (Ital.  C/am- 
berl,  sh&m-b^'rco;  L.  Cliamberi'acum  or  Cumperi'acum),  a 
city  of  France,  capital  of  the  department  of  Savoy,  on  the 
Laisse,  45  miles  by  rail  S.S.AV.  of  Geneva.  Pop.  19,950. 
It  is  irregularly  laid  out,  and  dull.  Public  walks  replace 
its  levelled  fortifications.    The  principal  buildings  are  the 


old  oastlo  of  the  dukes  of  Savoy,  a  cathedral,  ccmvents,  aad  i 
barracks.  It  is  an  archbishop's  see,  and  seut  of  the  superior 
tribunal;  and  it  has  a  Jesuits'  college,  societies  uf  agrieuU 
ture  and  commerce,  a  ])ublic  library  with  25,000  voluine* 
many  charitable  institutions,  a  monument  to  General  D« 
Boigne,  manufactories  of  silk,  gauze,  and  other  fabric; 
lace,  hats,  leather,  and  soup,  and  a  trade  in  metals,  liqucun, 
and  the  wines  of  its  vicinity.  In  its  vicinity  is  the  cuilteaa 
of  Charmcttea,  once  the  residence  of  Rousseau. 

Cham'blissburg,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co.,  Va. 

Chambly,  8h6>rblee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Oise,  20 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Beauvais.     Pop.  1424. 

Chambly,  shilm'bleo  (Fr.  pron.  shftM'blce'),  a  county 
of  the  province  of  Quebec,  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  St. 
Lawrence,  and  on  the  southeast  by  the  Richelieu  River. 
Area,  157  square  miles.  The  chief  products  are  oats,  hay, 
flax,  wool,  and  tobacco.     Capital,  Longueuil.     Pop.  10,498. 

Chambly,  a  river  of  Quebec.    See  Richei.iku. 

Chambly  Basin,  a  post-village  in  Chambly  co.,  Qna. 
bee,  on  the  Richelieu  River,  and  on  the  Montreal,  Chambly  1 
Sorel  Railway,  1  mile  from  Chambly  Canton,  and  15  milei 
S.E.  of  Montreal.  It  has  extensive  water-power,  a  largo 
hosi)ital,  a  college,  and  a  number  of  stores.     Pop.  778. 

Chambly  Canton,  a  post-village  in  Chambly  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Richelieu  River  (which  here 
expands  into  a  beautiful  lake),  between  the  rapids  and  the 
E.  side  of  St.  John's  Canal,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Montreal.  It 
contains  saw-,  grist-,  paper-,  carding-,  and  wooUen-milU, 
and  possesses  fine  water-power.     Pop.  600. 

Chambon,  sh6.M'b6s''',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Creuse,  on  the  Tardes,  26  miles  E.  of  Gu6rct.  Pop.  2262. 
It  is  supposed  to  have  been  the  capital  of  the  Camhovicentet, 

Chambon,avillageof  France,  in  Haute-Loire,  10  miles 
S.E.  of  Yssingeaux.     Pop.  2211. 

Chambon-Feugerolles,sh6M'b&^•»'-f(Jh'zh§h-rol^,a 
town  of  France,  department  of  Loire,  5  miles  by  rail  S.W. 
of  Saint-Etienno.  It  h.as  mines  of  eoal,  and  manufactures 
of  paper,  steel,  woollen  cloth,  <tc.     Pop.  0954. 

Chambord,  shdM^bon',  a  village  of  France,  in  Loir-et- 
Cher,  8  miles  E.  of  Blois,  on  the  Cosson.  It  has  a  magnifi- 
cent chateau,  formerly  one  of  the  finest  royal  castles  in 
France.  The  park,  which  is  about  21  miles  in  circumfer- 
ence, and  surrounded  by  walls,  is  one  of  the  finest  in  Europe. 
It  belongs  to  the  Count  de  Chambord. 

Chambonlive,  sh&M^booMeev',  a  village  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Correze,  12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Tulle.     P.  3011. 

Chambray,  a  town  in  the  island  of  Gozo.     See  Gozo. 

Cham-Callao,  Tcham-Callao,  or  Tscham- 
Callao,  sliim'k5,l-low',  an  island  ofiF  the  E.  coast  of 
Cochin  China,  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Tooron.  Lat.  15°  54'  N. ; 
Ion.  108°  28'  E.  It  is  well  cultivated,  and  has  avillngcand 
a  small  harbor  on  its  S.W.  side.  The  False  Cham-Callao  is 
an  islet,  20  miles  southeastward. 

Cliamcook,  sham'cook,  a  post-village  in  Charlotte  co., 
New  Brunswick,  5  miles  by  rail  N.  of  St.  Andrews.    P.  150. 

Chamelco,  chjl-mdl'ko,  a  town  of  Guatemala,  in  Alta 
Vera  Paz.     Pop.  3000. 

Chame  (chl'mi)  Point,  a  headland  on  the  S.W.  coast 
of  the  Isthmus  of  Panama.  Lat.  8°  40'  18"  N.;  Ion.  79° 
40'  W. 

Chamisso  (shi-mis'so)  Island,  Alaska,  is  in  Kotze- 
bue  Sound,  near  the  head  of  the  Bay  of  Good  Hope.  Lat. 
66°  13'  12"  N.;  Ion.  161°  46'  W.  Shores  steep,  except  on 
its  E.  side.     Its  highest  point  is  231  feet  above  the  sca-lcvel. 

Chamo,  or  Shamo,  a  desert  of  Asia.    See  Gonr. 

Chamois,  sham'me,  a  post-villnge  of  Osage  co.,  Mo., 
on  the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad, 
100  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis.  One  weekly  newspaper  is  pub- 
lished here.  Chamois  has  3  churches,  a  tobacco -factory,  a 
nursery,  a  flour-mill,  <tc.     Pop.  about  800. 

Chamoo'ry,  a  town  of  India,  in  Berar,  on  the  Wync- 
Gunga  River,  85  miles  S.E.  of  Nagpoor. 

Chamorcril,  a  lake  of  Asia.     See  CiiuMOUEnEEL. 

Chamoulari,  a  mountain  of  Asia.     See  SnuMAi.Ani. 

Chamouni,  shi'moo-nee',  or  Chamonix,  shi'uio- 
nee',  a  valley  of  France,  in  Upper  Savoy,  forms  the  upper 
part  of  the  biisin  of  the  Arve,  above  the  valley  of  Servoz. 
Length,  from  N.E.  to  S.W.,  12  miles;  breadth,  from  1  to  6 
miles ;  elevation  above  the  sea  at  the  village  of  Chamouni, 
3425  feet.  This  valley  is  the  most  celebrated  in  the  Alps 
for  picturesque  sites  and  wild  grandeur.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.  by  the  mass  of  Mont  Blanc,  and  N.  by  Mont  Brovcn 
and  the  Aiguilles  Rouges,  part  of  the  range  which  separates 
Savoy  from  the  Valais.  The  glaciers  which  descend  into 
the  valley  from  Mont  Blanc,  among  which  is  the  Mcr  da 
Glace,  are  the  grandest  in  the  Alps.  The  climate  of  the 
valley  is  extremely  rigorous  in  winter,  which  lasts  from  Oo 


CIIA 


847 


CHA 


)ber  to  May,  during  which  time  snow  usually  covers  the 
iwer  ground  to  tho  depth  of  3  feet.     The  summer  is  short 
lid  warm.   The  soil  is  infertile,  but,  being  well  cultivated,  it 
roduccs  a  considerable  supply  of  grain  and  fruits ;  cattle 
re  extensively  reared,  and  the  honey  is  excellent. 
Chamouni,  or  Chamoitix,  or  La  Prieure,  li  pre- 
h*rA,',  the  principal  village  of  tho  valley  of  Chamouni,  is 
tuatcd  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Arve,  12  miles  E.  of  Sal- 
;nchc.     Pop.  2415.     It  has  good  inns,  and  supplies  guides 
nd  mules  for  visiting  the  sublime  scenery  in  its  vicinity. 
Champa,  a  province  of  Annam.     See  Annasc. 
Champagnej  sh6M^piii',  an  old  French  province,  of 
ihich  the  capital  was  Troyes,  now  forming  the  greater  por- 
tion of  the  departments  of  Ardennes,  Marne,  Aube,  and 
Ilftute-Marne,  and  part  of  those  of  Aisne,  Seine-et-Marne, 
'nd  Yonne.     This  country  was  long  governed  by  native 
jirinces,  and  was  united  to  the  crown  of  France  by  the  mar- 
|iago  of  Philippe  le  Bel  with  Jeanne  de  Navarre  in  12S6. 
j!t  was  divided  into  Upper  and  Lower  Champagne,  the  first 
(if  which  comprised  the  districts  of  Remois,  capital  Rheims, 
liPerthois,  capital  Vitry-le-Franfois,  Rethelois,  capital  Re- 
bel, and  the  principality  of  Sedan  ;  and  the  second,  Cham- 
pagne proper,  capital   Troyes,  Vallage,  capital   Joinville, 
iiJassigny,  capital  Langres,  and  Le  Senonais,  capital  Sens. 
j    Champagne,  a  district  of  France,  in  the  departments 
)f  Charente  and  Charente-Inferieure,  forming  part  of  the 
[irrondissements  of  Saintes,  Jonzac,  and  Cognac.     It  is  cele- 
jarated  for  its  wines  and  brandy. 

f  Champagney,  shftM^pln^yi',  a  town  of  France,  Haute- 
BaSne,  25  miles  by  rail  B.N.B.  of  Vesoul.  Pop.  4620.  In 
[its  vicinity  coal  is  worked,  and  cherries  for  kirschwasser  are 
ilargely  cultivated. 

I  Champagnole,  shSir^pin^yol',  a  town  of  Prance,  de- 
[partment  of  Jura,  on  the  Ain,  and  on  a  railway,  18  miles 
lE.N.E.  of  Lons-le-Saulnier.  It  has  manufactories  of  nails 
jand  iron  wire.     Pop.  3366. 

j  Champagnolle,  sham^pan-yol',  a  post-hamlet  of  Union 
■CO.,  Ark.,  in  a  corn-  and  cotton-producing  region  on  the 
Ouachita  River,  11  miles  N.  by  E.  of  El  Dorado.  It  has 
a  ciiurch  and  a  free  school.     Pop.  100. 

Champaign,  sham-pane',  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Il- 
linois, has  an  area  of  about  975  square  miles.    It  is  drained 
by  the  Sangamon,  Kaskaskia,  and  Vermilion  Rivers,  which 
rise  within  its  limits.     The  surface  is  nearly  level ;  the  soil 
is  deep  and  highly  productive.     The  greater  part  of  the 
county  is  prairie,  and  it  has  comparatively  few  acres  of 
woodland.   Indian  corn,  oats,  wheat,  horses,  pork,  and  butter 
are  the  staple  products.     It  is  intersected  by  the  Wabash 
Railroad,  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis 
Railroad,  and   the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  (Chicago  di- 
vision), all   of   which   enter    Urbana  the  capital   of   the 
!  county.      Coal  is  the  most  valuable  mineral   found  here. 
.'  Pop.  in  1870,  32,737;  in  1880,  40,863;  in  1890,  42,159. 
I       Champaign,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Ohio, 
t  has  an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.     It  is  intersected 
i  by  Mad  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Lagonda  Creek.    Tho 
!  surface  is  partly  undulating  and  partly  level;  the  soil  is 
i  very  fertile.    Forests  of  the  ash,  beech,  hickory,  oak,  sugar- 
maple,  &e.,  cover  rather  more  than  one-fourth  of  the  sur- 
face.    Silurian  limestone  is  found  here.      Wheat,  Indian 
corn,  oats,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.     This 
county  is  inter.sected  by  3  railroads,  the  Cleveland,  Cincin- 
nati, Chicago  &  St.  Louis,  the  New  York,  Lake  Erie  & 
Western,  and  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis, 
which  run  through  Urbana  the   capital.      Pop.  in   1870, 
24,188;  in  1880,  27,817;  in  1890,  26,980. 

Champaign,  a  city  of  Champaign  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Chicago  Branch  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  the  Cleveland,  Columbus,  Cincinnati  <fc  St.  Louis 
Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Havana  extension  of  the 
Illinois  Central  road,  128  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chicago,  48  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Bloomington,  and  33  miles  W.  of  Danville.  It 
contains  12  churches,  2  national  banks,  1  other  bank,  and 
the  Illinois  University,  founded  in  1868,  endowed  by  a 
national  land  gcant,  and  open  to  both  sexes.  Champaign 
has  manufactures  of  furniture,  wagons,  twine,  cordage, 
<fec.  One  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers  are  issued  here. 
Pop.  in  1890,  5839. 

Champanagur,  eham-pa-na-giir',  a  town  of  Bengal, 
3  miles  W.  of  Boglipoor. 

Champaran,  a  district  of  India,     See  Chumparun, 
Champaubert,  sh6M'po'baiR',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Marne,  27  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Chalons.     Pop.  288. 

Champdeniers,  sh6MMeh-no-i',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Deux-Sgvres,  4  miles  N.  of  Niort.     Pop.  1372. 

Champcix,  sh6M'pi,',  a  town  of  Prance,  in  Puy-de- 
D6me,  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Clermont-Ferrand.     Pop.  1801. 


Champigny,  shjM^peen'yee',  several  villages  of  Franco, 
tho  principal  in  the  department  of  Seine,  8  miles  by  rail 
E.S.E.  of  Paris.     Pop.  2353. 

Cham'pion,  a  post-village  of  Marquette  co.,  Mich., 
30  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Marquette.  It  has  a  church,  an  iron- 
furnace,  and  mines  of  iron  ore.     Pop.  about  600. 

Champion,  a  post-village  of  Chase  co..  Neb.,  7  miles 
W.  of  Imperial.  It  has  2  churches,  2  banks,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  broom-factory,  a  flour-mill,  and  manufactures  of 
cheese  and  molasses.     Pop.  in  1890,  537. 

Champion,  a  post-village  of  JeflFerson  co.,  N.Y.,  near 
Black  River,  15  miles  E.  of  AVatertown.  The  township 
contains  a  village  named  West  Carthage,  and  has  7  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  2246. 

Champion,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Trumbull  co., 
C,  5  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Warren. 

Champion,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co..  Pa,,  about 
21  miles  N.E.  of  Uniontown,  It  has  a  grist-mill,  a  saw- 
mill, and  general  stores. 

Champion  Bay,  a  bay  of  Australia,  on  the  S.W.  coast 
of  Gelvink  Channel.     Lat.  28°  47'  S. ;  Ion.  114°  36'  E. 

Champion  City,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Mo.,  10 
miles  from  Sullivan  Station. 

Champion  Hills,  a  locality  in  Hinds  co.,  Miss.,  25 
miles  E.  of  Vicksburg.  Here  General  Grant  defeated  Gen- 
eral Pemberton  in  a  bloody  battle,  May  16,  1863. 

Champlain,  sham^plane',  a  post-township  of  Clinton 
CO.,  N.Y.,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Lake  Champlain,  and  is 
the  extreme  northeastern  part  of  the  state.  It  contains  the 
villages  of  Champlain,  Rouse's  Point,  and  Perry's  Mills. 
Total  pop.  5311. 

Champlain,  a  post- village  of  Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  is  on 
the  Chazy  River,  in  Champlain  township,  and  on  the  Og- 
densburg  &  Lake  Champlain  Railroad,  114  miles  E.  by  N. 
from  Ogdensburg,  4  miles  W.  of  Rouse's  Point,  and  about 
20  miles  N,  of  Plattsburg.  It  contains  4  churches,  the 
Champlain  Academy,  a  national  bank,  2  foundries,  a  car- 
riage-factory, a  planing-mill,  <fec.  Two  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished here.  Lumber  is  exported  from  this  place  by  tho 
Chazy  River,  which  is  navigable.     Pop.  1850. 

Champlain,  a  county  in  the  northwest  part  of  Quebec, 
bordering  on  tho  St.  Lawrence.  Area,  4512  square  miles. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  St.  Maurice  River,  and  contains 
numerous  rivers  and  lakes.   Capital,  Batiscan.    Pop.  21,643. 

Champlain,  a  post-village  in  the  above  county,  on 
the  river  St.  Lawrence,  64  miles  by  rail  S.AV.  of  Quebec- 
It  contains  a  church,  a  convent,  5  stores,  a  light-house,  and 
several  mills.     Pop.  400. 

Champlain,  Lake,  forms  the  eastern  boundary  of 
Clinton  and  Essex  cos.  of  New  York,  which  it  separates 
from  Vermont.  Its  head  is  at  Whitehall,  AYashington  co., 
N.Y.,  from  which  point  it  extends  northward  to  tho  bound- 
ary which  separates  Quebec  (Canada)  from  New  Y^ork  and 
Vermont.  The  direct  distance  from  its  head  to  its  north- 
ern end  is  about  100  miles.  The  southern  part  of  it  is 
narrow,  less  than  1  mile  wide  in  many  places.  The  north- 
ern part  encloses  several  large  islands,  and  is  nearly  14 
miles  wide.  The  greatest  ascertained  depth,  according  to 
Emmons,  is  600  feet.  Its  surface  is  93  feet  higher  than  the 
level  of  the  sea.  The  surplus  water  is  discharged  into  the 
St.  Lawrence  by  the  Richelieu  River,  which  issues  from  the 
northern  end  of  the  lake.  It  receives  from  A''ermont  tho 
Lamoille,  Missisquoi,  and  AVinooski  Rivers,  and  Otter  Creek. 
Its  largest  affluents  from  the  western  side  are  the  Saranac, 
Au  Sable,  and  Chazy  Rivers.  The  shores  of  this  lake  are  re- 
markable for  grand  and  beautiful  scenery.  From  the  steam- 
boats that  navigate  it  the  tourist  has  a  good  view  of  the 
Adirondacks  on  the  west  and  the  Green  Mountains  on  tho 
other  side.  It  is  an  important  channel  of  navigation,  and 
is  connected  with  the  Hudson  River  by  the  Champlain 
Canal,  which  extends  from  AYhitehall  to  Albany.  On  tho 
11th  of  September,  1814,  Captain  McDonough  defeated  and 
captured  a  British  flotilla  on  this  lake,  near  Plattsburg. 

Champlin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hennepin  co.,  Minn.,  on 
the  west  bank  of  the  Mississippi  River,  17  miles  N.  by  W. 
of  Minneapolis.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flouring-mill,  &o. 
Pop.  in  1890,  325. 

Champlitte,  shSji'pleet',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute- 
SaSne,  29  miles  AV^.  of  Vesoul.     Pop.  2740. 

Champney's  Island,  one  of  tho  sea-islands  of 
Mcintosh  CO.,  Ga.     Pop.  137. 

Champniers,  shfiMp^ne-i',  a  town  of  France,  in  Cha- 
rente, 5  miles  N.N.E.  of  Angouleme.     Pop.  3560. 

Champoeg,  sham-po'eg,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co., 
Oregon,  27  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Salem.  It  has  several  stores 
and  other  business  houses.     Pop.  278. 

ChampotoU)  ch&m-po  ton',  a  village  of  Mexico,  at  tho 


CHA 


848 


CHA 


month  of  the  rirer  Champoton,  Campoaoby  Bay,  36  miles 
B.S.W.  of  Campoachy. 

Chninpruiid,  8h&«»'pr6K»',  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Eure- 
et-Loir.  i:<  iuUo8  B.N.E.  of  Nogent-le-Kotrou.    Pop.  845. 

Chnmprundf  a  villago  of  Franco,  in  Sartbe,  2S  miles 
6.E.  of  Mamers,  with  iron-foundries.     Pop.  187. 

Champsaurt  sh&N'<^Boit',  a  district  of  France,  in  Dan- 
phin6,  now  comprised  in  the  departments  of  Ilautes-Alpos 
and  Dr6me.    Chief  town,  St.-Bonnct-le-Cbflteiiu. 

Chain psccrct,  shftNo^s^h-kr^',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Orae,  4^  miles  E.N.E.  of  Domfront.  It  has  manufactures 
of  linen  and  iron-fuundrios.     Pop.  3595. 

Champtercier,  8h6N«HdR^8e-4',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Bosses- A lpe.«,  4  miles  W.  of  Digne.  Pop.  328.  It  was  the 
birthplace  of  Qossendi. 

Champtoc6,  shftN^Ho'si',  a  town  of  France,  Mainc- 
et- Loire,  near  the  right  bank  of  the  Loire,  15  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Angers.  Pop.  about  2UU0.  Uere  are  the  remains  of  the 
oastle  of  Gil  de  Iletz,  a  savage  seigneur  of  the  fifteenth 
century,  the  original  "  Bluebeard." 

Champtoceaux,  sh6N»'to'8o',  a  village  of  France,  18 
miles  W.S.W.  of  the  above.     Pop.  1563. 

Chamusca,  shi-moos'kil,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Estre- 
madura,  on  the  Tagus,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Santarem.    P.  30U0. 

Cha'na*  a  post-village  of  Ogle  co.,  111.,  in  Pine  Rock 
township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Iowa  Railroad,  05  miles  W. 
of  Chicago,  and  6  miles  S.E.  of  Oregon.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  about  300. 

ChanaC)  shi^n&k',  a  town  of  France,  in  LozSre,  on  the 
Lot,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Mende.     Pop.  1664. 

Chanak-Kalessi,sh&^nilk'-k&-lS8'8eo',orChanaka- 
Lasy, called  also  Chanak  Kalil  and  Kaiai  Sultani^, 
a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the  Dardanelles,  23  miles  S.W.  of 
Gallipoli,  occupying  a  flat  point  opposite  the  Castle  of  Europe 
(Chelit  Bawri,  ki-leet'  baw'ree*).  It  has  potteries,  and  ex- 
ports wood,  galls,  wool,  wheat,  and  earthenware.     P.  6000. 

Chafiarcillo,  ch&n-yaii-seel'yo,  a  town  of  Chili,  prov- 
ince of  Atacama,  connected  by  rail  with  Pabellon,  26  miles 
distant.     Here  are  rich  silver-mines,  with  smelting-works. 

Chancay,  chin-ki',  a  seaport  of  Peru,  capital  of  a 
province  of  its  own  name,  department  of  Lima,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Chancay  River  in  the  Pacific,  43  miles  by 
rail  N.N.W.  of  Lima. 

Chanceaux,  sh6N»^s5',  a  town  of  France,  in  COte-d'Or, 
18  miles  E.  of  Semur.     Pop.  732. 

Chauceford,  chants'fgrd,  a  post-township  of  York  co., 
Pa.,  about  40  miles  S.E.  of  Hamsburg,  is  bounded  on  the 
N.E.  by  the  Susquehanna  River.  It  contains  Brogueville 
and  Collinsville,  and  an  academy.     Pop.  2500. 

Chance  Island,  a  small  island  in  the  Bay  of  Bengal, 
on  the  W.  coast  of  Lower  Siam.  Lat.  (highest  peak)  9°  22' 
N,;  Ion.  97°  53'  E. 

Chan'cellorsville,  a  post-oflBce  of  Spottsylvania  co., 
Va.,  near  the  S.  bank  of  the  Rappahannock  River,  about 
70  miles  N.  by  W.  from  Richmond,  and  11  miles  W.  of 
Fredericksburg.  Here  the  Confederate  general  Lee  de- 
feated General  Hooker,  May  2  and  3,  1863. 

Clian'da,  or  Chan'dah,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of 
a  district,  80  miles  S.S.E.  of  Nagpoor.  It  is  walled  with 
stone,  and  has  manufactures  of  cottons,  silks,  brass-ware, 
leather,  and  bamboo  goods.     Pop.  16,233. 

Chanda,  a  district  of  the  Central  Provinces,  British 
India.  Lat.  19°  7'-20°  51'  N. ;  Ion.  78°  51'-80°  51'  E. 
Area,  9700  square  miles.  It  is  hilly,  with  fine  teak  forests 
and  much  uncultivated  land.  Cotton  and  silk  are  leading 
products.  Coal  and  iron  abound.  Capital,  Chanda.  Pop. 
6.34,431. 

Chan^dahnee',  or  Chin^nanee',  a  town  in  the  Pun- 
jab, 76  miles  S.  of  Serinagur. 

Chan'daller,  a  post-office  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa. 

Chandeleur  (shanM^-loor')  Bay  or  Sound,  on  the 
S.E.  coast  of  Louisiana,  between  St.  Bernard  parish  and 
the  Chandeleur  Islands. 

Chandeleur  Islands,  Louisiana,  are  E.  of  Chan- 
deleur Bay,  and  about  65  miles  N.  by  E.  of  the  mouth  of 
'the  Mississippi.  On  the  N.  end  of  the  northernmost  island 
is  a  fixed  light,  55  feet  high.    Lat.  30°  3'  N. ;  Ion.  88°  51'  W. 

Chandercona,  a  town  of  Bengal.    See  Chunorakona. 

ChanMeree',  Chen^daree',  or  Chln'daree',  a 
large  district  of  Hindostan,  in  Malwah,  N.E.  corner,  90 
miles  in  length  and  70  miles  in  breadth. 

Chanderee,  a  town  in  the  above  district,  113  miles  S. 
of  Gwalior,  of  considerable  size.     It  has  a  strong  hill-fort. 

Chandergiri,  chin-d^r-ghflr'ree,  a  town  of  India, 
presidency  of  Madras,  50  miles  N.  of  Arcot. 

Chandernagore,  shinM^r-ni-goR',  or  Chander- 
jpagar,  shin'd^r-ni-gaa'   (the    "city  of  sandal-wood;" 


popularly  called  in  India  Chundernngorc),  a  French 
colonial  town  of  India,  on  the  Hoogly,  10  miles  N.N.W.  cf 
Calcutta.  It  has  greatly  declined  in  trade  and  population 
Pop.  25,000.  "         ■>  f  I  . 

Chandi,  a  town  of  Nubia.    See  Siikndv. 

Chand'ler,  a  post-village  of  Warrick  co.,  Ind.,  5  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Boonville.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school, 
and  a  coal-mine.     Pop.  200. 

Chandler,  a  township  of  Manitou  co.,  Mich.,  oonsisti 
of  islands  in  Lake  Michigan.     Pop.  153, 

Chandler,  a  post-village  of  Henderson  co.,  Tex.,  23 
miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Athens.     It  has  a  church.     P.  350, 

Chandler's,  a  station  on  the  Jackson,  Lansing  &  Sagi. 
naw  Railroad,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Lanxing,  Mich. 

Chandler's  Grove,  a  post-oQice  of  Montgomery  co., 
N.C.,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Troy. 

Chandler's  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co..  Pa. 

Chund'lersville,  a  post-village  of  Muskingum  co.,  0., 
10  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Zanesville.  It  has  2  churchea 
and  a  tannery.     Pop.  241. 

Chand'lerville,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co..  111.,  7  milei 
by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Virginia.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,* 
newspaper  office,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  DIO. 

Chandlerville,  a  hamlet  of  Merrimao  co.,  N.ll.,  on 
Lake  Sunapec,  at  Mount  Sunapee  Station,  6i  miles  S.E.  of 
NewDort.     (Post-office,  Mt.  Sunapee.) 

Cnandode,  ch&nM5d',  a  large  town  of  India,  in  Ba- 
roda,  on  the  Nerbudda,  35  miles  E.N.E.  of  Baroach. 

Chan^dore',  a  town  of  British  India,  presidency  of 
Bombay,  commanding  an  important  pass,  130  miles  N.E. 
of  Bombay.     Pop.  7000. 

Chand^poor',  a  town  of  the  Bijnaur  district,  British 
India,  68  miles  N.E.  of  Delhi.     Pop.  12,033. 

Chandrakona,  a  town  of  Bengal.    See  Chundrakon  a. 

Chafteral,  ch4n^y4-ril',  a  seaport  of  Chili,  province  of 
Atacama,  48  miles  N.  of  Caldera.  It  is  the  terminus  of 
railways,  and  ships  much  copper  ore.  It  is  in  a  desert,  and 
its  water  is  supplied  from  the  sea  by  distillation.     P.  3084. 

Chaiieral,  an  island  off  the  coast  of  Chili,  about  185 
miles  S.  of  the  port  of  the  same  name. 

Cha'neysville,  a  post-village  of  Bedford  co..  Pa.,  16 
miles  S.  of  Bedford.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  woollen-factory. 

Chaneyville,  a  post-office  of  Calvert  co.,  Md. 

Chang,  ch&ng,  a  prefix  to  the  names  of  numerous  cities 
and  towns  of  China. 

Changama,  or  Chungamah,  chun-g3.'mi,  a  town 
of  India,  115  miles  S.W.  of  Madras,  at  the  end  of  a  pass,  to 
which  it  gives  its  name.     It  has  a  lofty  pagoda. 

Chang Bhukar, or  ChangBhakar,  ebbing buk'kar, 
a  native  state  of  Chuta-Nagpoor,  British  India,  bounded 
N.,  W.,  and  S.  by  Rewah.  Lat.  23°  29'-23°  55'  30"  N. ;  Ion, 
81°  37'-82°  23'  30"  E.  Area,  906  square  miles.  It  is 
mostly  a  hilly  jungle  tract,  governed  by  a  native  rajah,  who 
pays  a  small  tribute  to  the  British  authorities.  Capital, 
Janakpoor,  a  small  village,  lat.  23°  43'  N.,  Ion.  81°  50'  E. 
Total  pop.  8919. 

Chang-Cha,  a  town  of  China.    See  Chang-Sha. 

Chang-Chcun-Cham,  ching-che-oon'-chim,  or  St. 
John's  Island,  on  the  S.  coast  of  China,  province  of 
Quang-Tong.  Lat.  (S.  point)  21°  15' N.;  Ion.  112°  50' E.  It 
is  about  15  miles  in  length. 

Chang'chooToo',  written  also  Chang-ChoAV,  and 
(by  Germans)  Tschang-Tscheu  (or  -Tschau),  a  city 
of  China,  province  of  Fo-Kien,  30  miles  S.AV.  of  Amoy,  which 
is  its  port.  Lat.  24°  35'  N.;  Ion.  117°  50'  E.  It  is  in  a 
valley  embosomed  in  hills  and  intersected  by  a  river,  here 
crossed  by  two  bridges,  one  of  which  is  of  singular  construc- 
tion, being  built  on  25  piles  of  stones,  about  30  feet  apart 
and  20  feet  high.  Large  beams  are  laid  from  pile  to  pile ; 
these  again  are  crossed  by  smaller  ones,  which  are  covered 
with  earth,  and  then  paved  with  enormous  blocks  of  granite, 
some  of  which  are  about  45  feet  long  and  2i  feet  broad. 
This  structure  is  about  9  feet  wide ;  half  its  length  on  both 
sides  is  occupied  with  shops.  The  city  is  surrounded  by 
a  wall,  4i  miles  in  circumference,  the  inside  of  which  is 
planted  with  large  trees.  In  the  wall,  a  gate  forms  an 
entrance  for  foot-passengers,  and  a  canal  for  boats  is  placed 
at  each  of  the  cardinal  points.  The  streets  are  from  10  to 
12  feet  wide,  and  many  of  them  are  well  paved;  the  shops 
are  numerous  and  well  furnished,  and  the  nouses  in  general 
two  stories  high.  It  has  two  famous  but  dilapidated  tem- 
ples. This  is  the  great  centre  of  the  silk-manufacture  of 
the  province,  and  the  streets  present  an  animated  appear- 
ance. In  the  suburbs,  which  are  extensive,  there  are  large 
tile-  and  sugar-manufactories.  Pop.  of  city,  exclusive  of  .^ 
suburbs,  estimated  at  from  800,000  to  1,000,000.  ] 

Chang- Choo-Foo,  written  also  Tchaug-Tchoo»J 


tHA 


849 


CHA 


oo  and  Tschang-Tschu-Fe,  a  city  of  China,  prov- 
ce  of  Kians-Soo,  75  miles  S.E.  of  Nanking.  Lat.  31°  66' 
.:  Ion.  121°  43'  E. 

Chang^,  sh6N»^zhi',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
irthe,  4  miles  E.S.E.  of  Le  Mans.     Pop.  2544. 
Change,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Mayenne, 
i  miles  N.  of  Laval.     Pop.  1896. 

Change  Islands,  a  group  in  the  district  of  Twillin- 
xte  and  Fogo,  Newfoundland,  8  miles  from  Fogo.    P.  520. 
Changeri,  Kin'gher-ee\  an   extensive   monastery  in 
urkish  Armenia,  pashalic  of  Erzroom,  20  miles  N.AV.  of 
[cosh,  with  a  church  said  to  have  been  built  A.n.  304. 
Changeri  or  Chaiigri,  Anatolia.    See  Kankaree. 
Change'water,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N..J.,  in 
r'ashington  township,  on  the  Musconetcong  River,  and  on 
iie  Delaware,  Lackawanna  <fc  Western  Kailroad,  17  miles 
jf.B.  of  Easton,  Pa.     It  has  manufactures  of  flour  and  lime. 
Chang-Hai,  a  city  of  China.    See  Shang-Hai. 
Chang-Loo,  a  town  of  Japan.    See  Fitats. 
Chang-Mai,  ching'mi',  a  town  of  Asia,  in  Laos,  on  the 
le-kong.     Lat.  20°  16'  N.;  Ion.  99°  2'  E.     Pop.  25,000. 
Chang-Ping,  a  town  of  China.    See  Chong-Ping. 
Changri,  Anatolia.    See  Kankaree. 
Chang-se-Tschou,     See  Shang-se-Choo. 
Chang- Sha,  ching-shi',  a  city  of  China,  province  of 
loo-Nan,  on  the  Heng-Kiang,  50  miles  S.  of  its  embouchure 
a  Lake  Tong-Ting-Hoo.   Lat.  28°  18'  N.;  Ion.  113°  E. 

Chang-  (or  Tchang-)  Te,ching  ti,  atownof  China, 
QHoo-Nan,  capital  of  a  department,  neartheS.AV.  extremity 
f  Lake  Tong-Ting-Hoo.     Lat  29°  N.;  Ion.  112°  E. 
Chang- Wha,  or  Tschang- VVa,  chang-whi  (or-wi), 
I,  walled  town  of  Formosa  (Chinese  Empire),  on  its  W. 
oast,  about  opposite  Amoy.     Pop.  60,000. 
Chan^has'sen,  township,  Carver  co.,  Minn.     P.  1156. 
Chani,  a  lake  of  Siberia.     See  Ciiany. 
Chaniers,  shi'ne-i',  a  village  of  France,  in  Charente- 
Bferieure,  4  miles  from  Saintes.     Pop.  2566. 
Chan-Kiang,  a  city  of  China.    See  Ching  Kiang-Foo. 
Chan^nahatch'ee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Elmore  co.,  Ala., 
20  miles  N.E.  of  Wetumpka. 

Channahon,  shan'a-hon,  or  Du  Page,  a  post-ham- 
et  of  Will  CO.,  111.,  in  Channahon  township,  on  the  Des 
Plaines  River  and  the  Illinois  &  Michigan  Canal,  about  10 
niles  S.W.  of  Joliet.  It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1164. 
Channakalasy,  Asia  Minor.  See  Chanak-Kalessi. 
Chan^naram'be  Creek,  Minnesota,  drains  part  of 
Pipe  Stone  county,  runs  S.,  and  enters  the  Rock  River  in 
iRock  CO. 

j  Channel  or  Port  aux  Basques,  poKHo'blsk',  a 
'aort  of  entry  of  Newfoundland,  near  the  S.W.  angle  of  New- 
ifoundland,  300  miles  W.  of  St.  John's.  It  is  the  most  west- 
I  Jrly  town  of  importance  on  the  island.  It  has  several  stores. 
The  inhabitants  are  engaged  in  the  fisheries.  Pop.  584. 
I  Channel  of  Corfu  (kor-foo'),  an  arm  of  the  Mediter- 
■  ranean,  between  the  island  of  Corfu  and  the  mainland  of 
'Epirus,  about  30  miles  in  length  from  N.  to  S.,  and  varying 
jin  breadth  from  2  to  16  miles.  Corfu  and  Butrinto  are  the 
lehief  towns  on  its  banks. 

j  Chan'uel  Islands,  a  group  of  islands  in  the  English 
[Channel,  off  the  N.W.  coast  of  France,  the  principal  being 
I  Jersey,  Guernsey,  Alderney,  Jethou,  Sark,  and  Herm  (which 
Bee).  They  are  the  only  portions  of  Normandy  now  be- 
ilonging  to  the  English  crown,  to  which  they  have  remained 
i  attached  over  since  the  Conquest.  They  have  been  fortified 
iat  an  immense  expense,  and  their  defence  in  time  of  war 
ihas  to  be  wholly  defrayed  by  Britain.  The  people  employ 
jdialects  of  the  French  language,  have  their  own  legislative 
bodies,  and  retain  their  ancient  laws  and  customs.  Pop. 
•in  1871,  90,563;  in  1881,  87,702;  in  1891,  92,272. 
Channel,  The.  See  English  Channel. 
Channi-Khan-Digot,  ch4n'no-Kin-de-got',  a  thriv- 
ing town  in  Bhawlpoor,  India,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Khanpoor. 
Lat.  28°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  70°  54'  E. 

Chan'ningvill  e,  a  former  village  of  Dutchess  oo.,  N.Y., 
1  mile  E.  of  the  Hudson  River,  and  65  miles  N.  of  Now 
York.     Pop.  1350.     It  is  now  part  of  Wappinger's  Falls. 
Chan-Si,  a  province  of  China.     See  Shan-See. 
Chantabon,  a  town  of  Siam.    See  Chantibun. 
Chantar,  chinHar',  or  ShanUar',  an  island  in  the 
Sea  of  Okhotsk. 

Chantelle,  sh5N<»H6ll',  a  town  of  France,  in  AUier,  9 
miles  N.  of  Gannat,  on  the  Rouble.     Pop.  2073. 

Chantenay,  shfisoH^h-ni',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire- 
Inferioure,  on  the  Loire,  2  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Nantes. 
It  has  forges,  foundries,  and  manufactures  of  brandy,  bone- 
black,  &o.    Pop.  9066. 


Chantenay,  a  village  of  France,  in  Ni5vre,  15  milei 
S.E.  of  Nevers.     Pop.  2093, 

Chantenay,  a  village  of  France,  in  Sarthe,  15  miles 
N.  of  La  Fleche.     Pop.  1426. 

Chantibun,  or  Chantabon,  shAnHa-bun',  a  town  in 
Siam,  on  a  river,  near  the  Gulf  of  Siam,  175  miles  S.E.  of 
Bangkok.  It  exports  from  30,000  to  40,000  piculs  of  pep- 
per annually,  with  cardamoms,  rosewood,  dyewoods,  ship- 
timber,  hides,  ivory,  horns,  and  gums ;  and  near  it  are  mines 
of  precious  stones.  Many  junks  from  Canton  load  at  this 
port.  Chantibun  is  connected  with  Bangkok  and  other 
cities  by  telegraph  lines.     Pop.  30,000. 

Chantilly,  shin-tii'lee  or  shdNoHee'yee',  a  town  of 
France,  department  of  Oise,  on  the  Nonette,  25  miles  by 
rail  N.N.E.  of  Paris.  Pop.  3461.  It  has  celebrated  manu- 
factures of  lace  and  porcelain,  and  a  hospital ;  but  it  owes 
its  interest  to  its  ruined  castle  and  noble  domain,  long  the 
seat  of  the  Condd  family.  This  castle,  one  of  the  finest 
in  France,  was  destroyed  during  the  Revolution  of  1793, 
but  the  splendid  stables  remain,  and  the  park-grounds  and 
chateau  are  full  of  historic  memorials.  The  Forest  of  Chan- 
tilly comprises  6700  acres;  in  it  are  several  buildings  of  in- 
terest, and  races  are  held  here  annually  in  May. 

Chantilly,  shan-til'lee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  oo., 
Mo.,  about  48  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Chantilly,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfax  co.,  Va.,  about  20 
miles  W.  of  AVashington,  D.C.  A  battle  was  fought  here, 
September  1,  1862,  at  which  General  Philip  Kearney  was 
killed.     Chantilly  has  2  or  3  stores. 

Chantonnay,   shfiNoHon'ni',   a  town  of  France,   in 
Vendee,  17  miles  E.  of  La  Roche-sur-Yon.     Pop.  3429. 
Chan-Toung,  a  province  of  China,    SeeSHAX-TooNO. 
Chantrigne,  8h6N<»Hreen'y4',  a  town  of  France,  de- 
partment and  7  miles  N.E.  of  Mayenne.     Pop.  2012. 

Chan'try  Island,  an  island  of  Canada,  on  the  E.  coast 
of  Lake  Huron,  about  1  mile  o2'  Saugeen.  Lat.  44°  29'  80" 
N. ;  Ion.  81°  23'  20"  AV.     On  it  is  a  light-house. 

Chanu,  shi'nii',  a  village  of  France,  in  Orne,  9  miles 
N.  of  Domfront.  Pop.  2622.  It  has  extensive  manufac- 
tures of  hardware,  and  quarries  of  building -stone. 

Cha^nute',  a  post-town  and  railroad  centre  of  Neosho 
CO.,  Kansas,  is  i  of  a  mile  from  the  Neosho  River,  on  the 
Atchison,  Topeka  <fc  Santa  F6  Railroad,  13  miles  by  rail 
N.AV^.  of  Erie.  It  has  9  churches,  3  banks,  3  newspaper 
ofiices,  a  public  school,  a  flour-mill,  manufactures  of  cigars, 
a  lumber-mill,  a  machine-shop,  a  cider-  and  vinegar-fac- 
tory, a  flax-mill,  and  numerous  general  stores  and  busi- 
ness houses.      Pop.  in  1890,  2826. 

Chanute,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pickett  co.,  Tenn.,  5  miles 
N.E.  of  Byrdstown.     It  has  1  or  2  general  stores. 

Chany,  Tchani,  or  Tschani,  chi'ne,  a  lake  of  Si- 
beria, governments  of  Tomsk  and  Tobolsk,  near  lat.  55°  N., 
Ion.  78°  E.  Length,  65  miles;  greatest  breadth,  40  miles. 
Chanyus'ka  River,  Minnesota,  rises  in  Jackson  co., 
runs  eastward  through  Martin  co.,  and  enters  the  Blue 
Earth  River  in  Faribault  co.,  1  mile  above  AVinnebago. 

Chanza,  chin'thl,  a  frontier  river  between  Spain  and 
Portugal  (Andalusia  and  Alemtejo),  which,  after  a  S.S.AA^. 
course  of  55  miles,  joins  the  Guadiana  near  Alcoutim. 

Chao  de  Couce,shi'o  dk  koo'si  or  ko-oo'sd,  a  town 
of  Portugal,  in  Estremadura,  on  a  hill,  25  miles  N.E.  of 
Leiria.  Pop.  1376. 
Chao-IIing,  a  city  of  China.  See  Shao-Hixg. 
Chao-Khing,  a  city  of  China.  See  Shao-Kisg. 
Chao-Naiman-Soome,  Tchao-Naiman-Sou- 
me,  or  Tschao-Naiman-Sume  Khoton,  chfL'o-ni*- 
min'-soo'mi  ko-ton',  called  also  Do^ennor',  ToMon- 
Noor',  or  DoMonfoor',  a  city  of  Mongolia,  165  miles 
N.  by  AV.  of  Peking,  in  lat.  42°  25'  N.,lon.  116°  18'  E.  It  is 
of  vast  extent,  being  a  collection  of  houses  without  regard  to 
regularity;  the  streets  are  narrow  and  crooked;  there  is  an 
indifierent  footpath  on  each  side  for  pedestrians,  but  car- 
riages and  beasts  of  burden  force  their  way  through  a  mass 
of  mud.  The  principal  edifices  are  the  Booddhist  temples, 
which  are  numerous.  The  inhabitants  are  renowned  through- 
out Tartary  and  Thibet  for  the  statues,  in  iron  and  bra«3 
which  they  turn  out  from  their  foundries ;  and  all  countries 
addicted  to  the  worship  of  Booddha  are  furnished  by  them 
with  idols,  bells,  and  the  vessels  employed  in  their  cere- 
monies. The  commerce  of  the  place  is  also  extensive. 
Russian  merchandise  is  brought  to  it  from  Kiakhta.  The 
Tartars  bring  herds  of  oxen,  camels,  and  horses,  in  ex- 
change for  which  they  receive  tobacco,  cloth,  and  tea. 
Merchants  from  the  province  of  Shan-See  are  extremely 
numerous.  The  population  is  said  to  be  very  great. 
Chao-Nan,  a  town  of  China.  See  Shao-Nan. 
Chaoossy}  Tchaoussy,  or  Tschaussy,  ch&-oM'- 


fTliW (iHi'rrf t- r ^i*  i<l««*i,  i  lijiaHMirHlliln^ 

jM'i  iiri  iiTifiii  ft^«i^  or  CMw,« 

<■  tto  a«»<Kiiig.  iww  1%* liiijii,  ■iiiiai 


»  tftt^  dC  ChiMt.    licefiHAoJWaD. 
4iiA Dorai',  »  tnwn  df  yw— i.iia  ifkulM,  on 
4h0  Atwuwe,  le  bUw  fi- or  ImTH.    Pop.  IfiU. 

tfli4«|A'ilL.  s  bvm  of  Ufatl),  i|RBvian  itf 

,>— iii»iaM>.fti^i<fan.    Pop.  IMO. 

irf  OhMil,  tmtm  of  Minoi  Owm, 


Ion. 


^tb^fA'IL.  »  Wtt  or  Snioo,  ^mtmmm  -ite 
'«r  SMuMMt  Old  tinwW^iHft.    LiO.  »<*  J»' JL; 
JOSP'liO^  2i'   W.      firtiHMtMl  Hw,  law  mq^mam 
it  HnituaB  ■MUky  JihoKb,  aHl  ii  'txwnmA  iij  Utt 
iStoQnnik. 

,  jMtjtitfmf,*  Tivar  df  lioliria,  tims  ia  the 
I  or  Cniilwhioihi.  nul,  kftor  «  aoBMe  af  oiMiit  200 
Jilloa,  JOiwriiw  «Mwn  it.  tite  pamOil'itf  iX7*  J'ift. 
'<TliHP«iiiii     -fioB  Allomettk  limtmn 
tChnfiMUk,  t.iiHm0i  iHmmlL  AwXtonok. 
Ctiap'ul,  B  ttattaoiOBtT' 
«ni  A  AtiMmj'  llaiiwiii,  iilttliw  iHw  <ajy  Bbitoag Hiltep, 
Jfaw ^3^^l^illo^i^r1r^^MiirtiMl<^*ttM^ifal  Jhittim. 
<MB^pal,«r€MMgli^*Hilt  iiMiKar  JUmdIl  «o., Ho. 
€3kmf^MtfmmaHtt<ammmtaB<m„m.,^ii„  6  mils 

aH||^Mi«»4lB>flliiliib»  »  ttoim  <dr  IBn^ind,  oo.  of 
rfifltiAtHllliairiBMtion'  *i  mite  K.  of  Unacton.    H 

\  pojier,  lead-  and  eaatduina, 

jAimllot  or  £oKx  eo.,Ta.,  14  mileB 
3f.trfT<«Hf<laBiirTlhilliiinH  fHiilinn.    It  iuH  a  ohnndi  Hid 

an. 

I  WHtL,  a  poat'Offioe  of  Cbamben  eo.,  Jda. 
1  Hiilf  a  THMUofiiee  of  fievier  eo^  JuA.. 
dMri  Mill,  a  post-village  Of  JDongtas  (ca^  Sa.,  02 
}tUmWOIf..af  i'nxtbuTu.    It  liati  S  ohnrriwa. 

i;>jit  nffiae  of  AltBi;ao.,  IE?. 
_  iilflt.araiindBeo.,'jtIiai.,  abont 

38  artika  J Jlg-^rf  JhAaon.    It  faaaa.dfam«fa. 

Cikiqi0iMtt^«9oat'village  of  Lafoyetto  eo.,  Mo.,  in 
fnibnr  toaaiit^,  ifcmitiSZ  milee  £.B J^.  of  Kamns  City.    It 


.  a  imtt-faanilet  of  Mnninnuth  eo.,  K.J., 
^!Bill«fi.  of  JNew  Tofk  City,  0  miloi  li.AV.  of  Long 
WtmoAi,  and  ^  mile  £.  of  the  I^ow  Jen«y  SontfaBrn  Bail- 
It  ui  on  an  eminence  700  foel  above  iide-water,  and 
a  beantiful  view  of  -the  ocean  and  the  villa- 
lth^||bt«  of  Htotcii  iHland.     It  hue  a  churoh. 

ill,  a  jiosUvilluge  of  'iran^'f:  eo.,  K.C.,  hi 
II  iowMhi|),  28  milee  W/  i-jigh.     It  ia 

S  iiie  Univentty  of  Hu-  wlihdi  wue 

fnmiBoS  hi  17KU  and  lint  opened  ii.  j..,.,.  Thespian  of 
thin  univonity  includes  8  eollegee,  of  which  '2  have  been 
fully  oq^auiMid,  namely,  the  edllege  of  Itteratun;  and  the 
Mttt  aaM-ftat  aaf  jihiloanphy.  Chupel  Hill  bun  C  churobets 
jaiWNHMllAjMiMids  (toree.  P.  1000  ;  of  township,  2700. 
Ohaygl  HM,  a  poet-hamlet  of  Perry  eo.,  0.,  about  ^ 
mtlea  B.  of  Zaneevllle.  It  hoe  aeveral  ofaurobfli.  -Cool  ia 
mined  near  thi«  plaoe. 

CHiafrt  MMtMAjniMUvllltae  of  Marshall  eo.,  Tenn., 
JlMmtJaraakmM.ifm.ibma  JMnrllie.    It  has  2  ahurohes, 

Clifin  HitI,  a  yott-^OOm^iat  Wi  ifliyHnr  an.,  Tex., 
«■#■  JkiHtiu  llranoh  atlAmmmm»mt*1S\imm<0atlkw^\  HaiU 
umA,  ft(ffi  anilM  M.  si  Jlatf^  miS  62  miles  ITJK.'W.  of 
Wtmtmn.  §tiKA»amiii^iamOmaoi  Bill  J'omule  College 
((lilt nlliat)  Mfl iflu> fifttS  lEnn«antty.  It  has  5  churclieH, 
aMMi*— UftwlBWiii  of  carriages  and  furniture.     Pop.  002. 

»dl,  a  town  uf  Ireland,  eo.  and  3  miles  "W. 
df  llltta,  ■«■  ttta  a<Uby ■    Pop.  «K0. 

'Lamlot  of  Oattarangufi  oo.,  N.T.,  in 
10  miles  B.W.  ui  f'ranklinville  liail- 


%  a«taUon  in  Dnllitt  oo.,  £y.,  on  tbe  Bards- 
ittf  <<ii«CU>uiKville  A  Saahville  Bailroad,  a^Eow 
U.W.  of  Uardirt(»wn. 
dM'jnn,  a  no«t-villug«  uf  Morgan   oo.,  Bl.,  on  fiie 
WibaMh   lUdboad  wfaere  it   onmes  tba  liMJkford,  XU»k 


Islaad  A  fit.  l^ook  JlaUanii, a* «ill«  ^  -*  'Tt^mmili. 

aad  afejaitai  fc.  rf  lUimlW,  JIol.   Jt-te*  » «ArankM.ML 

a  Msk- ud  tUa^wMto.    9^.4M.  — -««— 

m  lliiiiliiiti at  «w  3  liiaiiikwipsiy 

^<9.<akaattlM. 

eo^lfic 

afLiMUI«i 

9Wlaasii,  iacfiaiisonr-  u,^ 

<hi|>,m  ■■■ilBfaBitt  Wt.q<rM«aiHil,  ■■liaaarthg  im 


uf  Or- 
^OiMkt^nawifaa  }«eT 

><4f4]MaBBla(iBBa.    It  us.-  u.  caureu  uxt 


tke 

•mai,%matm 

flaatii|KadlL_ 

_'  >]ff 'Crawfoni  eo.,  Ts 

'ClHIlMfl^  « i|MM4iamlflt  of  'n'iiuUM4si  c 
Cbapiin-tomiiii^^nnilM  X.£.  of  WiiliaBui 
annnil^^ 


MMtJSilllqp  . 

Tork  of  Salt  I&ivat,  32  imi 
ahout  42  mike  fi jE.  af  I.r>i 
bigfa«ilud|jmd  ?;  nnxiiit. 


aapni 
'  liaoistsai..  ta 
oas  4  alnnat. . 


.  mi 

■•ffin;: 


-tiw^aatky  BiU  litver,  M  mikub  toy  tuh  i..  oy  h.  «i 

2tlliai4  ohunifaaB,  a  bank,  *  Jiewpapar  offiee,  a^ 

and  a«aw-»milL    Jhip.iMltt. 
dHQpsui^ytastasniAiipijff  tfiUiMiKaB.,  £ari 
CHiiyimiMS  a  ipatt^iiiVBiiff Itanok  eo., :  > 

by  rail  ii.'W.  of  Centrul  Ctc^    ltAaa3<afaiiR:: 

graded  whuol,  2  lumbor-iiHtliBiii,  anfl  maii 

uatmaaL    Poji.  about  2hU. 
CttiajuuBU,  a  jirxt-hamlet  of  Jaokson  eo.,  0.,<aboaC: 

jniler  by  mil  TT.  of  ,Tii(!k«im.     Onal  hi  mined  here. 

Oliapman,  u  township  of  dintoaiSD^At.     Pop.  13IJ 
<Chu]inian.  I.cnigL  co.,  Pa.    SmUtmmmmKy.L . 
C!iia]iniau.,  u  buruugfa  of  Sortimniitnn  M.    i-      n^ ... 

Ldhigh. A  Lackawanna  BaUroad,  lii  mil' 

It  hiu  2  churches,  a  macbine-Bhup,  abuu 

a  nanulfiBStafgrdtf mifinil^^lafta, mumtlee,  iiioi> -i'',!!.    cj^im. 

&c.    Haiw  lasa lay  sflitayiiMs.    The  name  oi  itii  pcs^ 

idloe  lis  (ObafiniBB  (QnasBM.    Cop.  386. 

iCfaapmaiL,  a  poBt-faamlat  of  Bnyder  co.,  Pu...  in  I'iuot 
township,  on  the  BiMnnefainnia  Krver,  v<inile«  betaw  Hcxt 
don.     It  has  a  rA 

Clha[pmaa.  janoa 

on -the  E.  by  ill' 

CSuyuUKU,  a  putii-viiltage  in  Weaiuurui.i 
BiunCTaok,  20  miles  from  Bhediac.  It  eontai: 
a4taa|,S«Nr4aiU|,«id;24pdiit<BlIk.    Pop. -i 


Chapi 
Pa.,  SsflttUia 
Chapman''* 

sontheufitward 
Hiver  12imikB 


of  }«ort:.J,:/.r/:o;ic.. 


MM,  antll»l 
CHiayw^: 
Obaiimaa'** ! 

^Kmt  2£>  miles  VLM-tSi 
Chap'ntai 
Chnpuiera,  -^itamn^  ] 


rwee  in  C: 
and  enter 

Len^ti,.  ■-•   i^,.c.. 
])iukingon  eo.,  kas- 
Chnpman. 
oof  tiullia  00.,  0. 

of  liedford  oo.;!*., 
»d. 
of  Logan  eo.,  W.^\ia. 
Bee  Obahphcbbs. 
Chupula  River,  TlonAa,  4be(DBiPoi.A. 
Chapuo,  ch&^poo'  or  sUi^pa^*  ttown  of  China,  prev 
incc  of  Che-Xiang,  on  tbeSLnfifiactrfitfae  estuar.  o:  'iHic- 
Tang-lLiang,  dO  mike  HJE.  of  Bang'Ghow-}<  rr 
it  baa  t(ood  canal  onnnniniieatian.     Lat,  :«' 
120°  SO' as.    liatamaMnndniiiHfitfaBgn-ii) 
stratnidMMKlflMidhsiBjflBAlMMfsinttIt 
waIfarfltiiMiin,SiBttfliftiuifiaBaBAaBnBa,cBiiv 
isib0'<'1Carta[^llDfiiiii.    IQialuiADr  is  shuliuv. 
very  rapid;;  butifcaamaihhwil  liae  deep  watc^ 
nese  trade  witb  Japan  %  oondncted  from  thii'  jiwii. 
Chapuur,  the  Prenub  for  &eai'00k. 
C'hapjiatjua,  8http'pa.-kwaw',  a  post-villa^  of  Vh»- 
obe.  ..  Z'i  uiifoB  by  raiJ  K.  of  Kew  York.    ItJU8 

a  J  ding-auhool  and  h  ahurohes.     Here  «af  tbs 

cuui;.  ,     t...^-iic:e  of  Boraae.tiaaffllay..    Pop.  73.'J. 

CiMp>Bia,  a  poat^amOm.^  JHwitl  cu.,  htb..  37  nite 
bfmdlJLiBSiBigSfnmtt.  M^m^kmnh  organisstil, S 
banks,  and  a  newspaper  offiaa.    Pqi.  .200. 


CBA 


Ml 


cnA 


^liw. aai «■  th* OakHibia  *  OnMiTills  Bailnad, 
il—  W.  W  y.  rf  Orf«MMB.    TtkMt 


ieaL,JIi^ 
lies  X^  of  Laiingtai. 

tiap'raas',  Atawa  «r  TUbet,  «■  tht  Satlq,  SS 

ofGaraoL    laL  31"  ST  9. :  b^  79»  ST  £. 

lsapHic«,a|nift^aHlat«r  Sl  MaiT**  «&,  lU,«a  a 

<  ar  iakt  aear  tka  artaaiyoftka  Plaiata,  ahot  4t 

^  S.  bj  E.  of  Waifcii^tnL  D.C    It  ka>  a  ^areh. 

bapaltepcc,  cU-f«artiii«k',  a  atn^  firtraM  af 

iujds  ataatad  abavt  2  mOm  S.W.  of  tka  OMlrapalML    Ik 

«aMs  of  a  laek  mmg  to  dM'kai^  of  IM  feet  aad 

^ined  by  a  caadau    Laaia  tba  caalla  «wa  tha  aulitaiy 

igt«ga  af  CbapaUiprr  a*i  tha  baJUJagi  n —.lid  wMi  it. 

~  tpee  »a«  tofcaa  by  the  ai»y  aaiar  pMaral  Seattaa 

I  aad  Utb  af  Safitewber,  1817,  aai  ftwriaaB  to  tba 

"  tba  dty  of  Meriea. 

a  poM-TiDaga  of  Blaaat  co^  Ala^  U 

.•f^fU^TillaBailnMidStotiaM.    It  baa  1  ebaiebto 

f.    Goal  aad  iiaa  are  ahwad  bate 

chl.ri.Ua%  a  ton  af  &•  npahfia  aT 

14*  Miha  H  Ji.B.  af  Bis"la. 

■akaUia,  Eoaifl  Tilaaii    Saa  K Am.it iKor am. 

«<*,^ft-tir^ta,a  tova  of  Eaaidoi,  11*  adiaa 

lafQatev  aear  tba  Bay  ofChatapato,  PaeileOeaaa. 

,  or  Choakar,  cboa'bai',  a  wafl  abalttiad 

't»arBahMBUitaa,iBtbaIadHaOcaaa.    Lat.SS"9rS.; 
k.  Cr*  Sr  K.    Ob  tba  E.  ada  of  Ua  aataaaea  a  tba  towa 
e€ha(bar,  vitt  13M  "'■«'rl«-fi,  caalaaad  by  aa  oaitb 
layart  aad  ftiiiiawml  by  tba  ImSm  af  M aaeat.    X.  af 
U  ara  tba  ndai  of  tba  Batagaiai  aittlBwiat  af  Teaa, 
pUbly  tba  7u  af  Bdria,  aad  tba  »«n  af  SaanbaL 
Charboaaier,  ahaa^baa^aa-i',  a  viDasa  af  Ikaaaa^  ia 
)r-4le-DStoa,*toilai&of  liaairaL     Popt  2212. 
Chavkoaaiires,  Aaa'baa^aa-waf,  a  TillBga  af  Fnaec^ 
sKbftae.4wlaiir.  af  LyoK.    Pap.  ML 
Chaicasy  a  city  af  BaHvia.    Sea  CBs«ma«ca. 
Cbard,  a  tawa  af  Eaglaad,  ea.  af  Biaiml,  12 
'1  of  Taaatoa.  at  a  lailway  jaa»tiua     tt 
-^!i,a  - 


of  laea^  aaaDaa  gtoit,  ai 
Ptop.2M«. 

harda,  ar  TeharAak,  cbaa'di,  a  aaall  tawa  «f 
J^  »»  aulas  IT.W.  af  Sopbia. 
Cbardak,  ebaa'dlk'  (aac^aaaa),  alakaof  Aaa  Miaar, 
■Dec  K.  af  D^aiifi.      Lat.  XT'  SV  9.;   laa.  3r>  S. 
iftb,eroaiB.toW.,M^lca;  biaadtb,  firaaa  3  to 4  Milaa. 
.-.  <)aaaUties  of  adt  are  eoUeetad  fiaaa  it;  aad  tba  ril- 
j(  Cbanlak  ia  aaar  iti  W.  axtrawtr. 
Cbardak,  ar  Tchardak,  cbaaNlik',  a  aaD  towa  of 
jaaaaia,  2?  aulcc  X^.E.  of  Hiraebora. 
Ckardaa,  ibar'dfa,  a  poaUnllaga^  capital  af  Gaaaga 
•\  ia  Cbardoa  taaiafcia,  abaat 3>  mIIm  E.  by  X.  fiaaa 
.  laad.  aad  12  mUcb  S.  of  PaiaaniOa.     It  a  aa  tba 
^^JTille  A  ToaagrtavB  Bailraad,  aad  ia  pleaaaatly  at- 
i  oa  bigb  gmaad.    It  caatoiaa  2  baaba,aaaiia  wboal, 
i  ebaiwbai.    Baiiy  piwdartaareila^Hafartielaaaf  er- 
-rt.    Tva  vaeUy  aeaipaiiari  ara  aabiiibad  bara.    Fop. 
183;  af  tbatoaaaUp.  1C83L 

Cbaie4j,  aa  falaad  of  tba  Paniaa  OalL    Saa  Kabak. 

Chareate,  ihft^iAxf .  a  ri¥ar  af  Fiaae^  lina  ia  Haate- 

mae,  aboat  14  aulea  X.W.  of  Cbala%  lava  g»an  illy  W_ 

'   aft«raeaanaofMBretbaa2>8»ileitbiii|,bCbareate 

'■arrata-TalTi  iaaiiy  aatan  tba  Atharte  appaaite  tba 

i  «f  Oi£taa.    Pliac^  ■■aiali,  tiba  Baateaaa oa  tba 

.  aad  tba  tomwtm  aad  S<  aa  tba  left.    Tba  towat  af 

r,  EmMte,  Aagaaltea^  Jaiaae^  Oogaacv  Saiataa,  Tba- 

hareataw  Bachefett,  aad  Sodhito  are  aa  ito  baaka.    It 

igibia  fer  13t  Hka  fiaaa  tta  aaa»  to  Mnaljgaaii,  aad 

-.^iwfriaabii^aaAaftealCwa. 

CbareatCy  a  dtpailanat  of  ftaaee.  ataatod  bttaata 

•».  4J=  1  >'  aad  4r>  S*  9.,  aad  laiiuaadad  by  tba  dcpart- 

'-- ^         --• -- >?-iaariaai%I>eax-Sinat,Ticaai^Haato- 

L  igaau    Ana,  tSti  a{aaia  Hika.    fiailMia 

.-:>iitaiai  Ma^ydecaeaTana;  biBy  ia  tba 

i  there  aia—ayahaliwaalrei.     Ptiaapal  riwi^ 

ITicaaau    Bail  oalaaraaa^  Aiy, aad  aad- 

,  bat  tba  eoia  podawd  banlyadkei  fer  boMa 

Viaeyardi  uiaipiiii  S7S,I3«  aaR%  baft  tba 

ThaOigaae  aad  Jaiaae  breiadiaa  aia 


eroa.    Tbaotber  pradaBtoaiapaiarHa- 
aadt 


Gifitol,  Aacoal^M.    Oaraato  is  dindad  iato 


ira  a«T Willi —atiili,  Amgamiimm,  Bacbeneaz,  Cogaac,  Qmi> 
fekas  aad  Bafiee.    FVip.  S7M2X. 

CliaTrate-l«Rrieaia,  ih4><Aat'-4x>'a*ree>cii',  a 
awritaaa  iliiiiiilaial  af  Weiteta  Wnmet,  banag  W.  tba 
Bay  af  Bitoay.  &  tba  artaaiy  aad  dapaitsaat  of  Giraadcv 
aadoaotberadaatbadipailiatoliof  Ytadia,l)wm-Serre% 
Cbaraata^aad  Oardagaa.  Ana,  iadafiag  tba  idaada  af 
B«aadOUna,2S5«aiMreMilaa.  SBi&aale^;«Mlgca- 
anDy  fiatibk  Priaiipal  rifan,  tba  Chanati^  Baataaae^ 
aad  Sivre-XiOTtaim  Oora  aad  aiaa  an  predared,  tba 
gnator  part  af  tba  latter  baiag  eoaiaited  iato  braady  ar 
Tia^gar.  ftatareagaad, aad Kra  atoab pletilaL  Tbaadt- 
aadka  ahas  tba  ciail,  aad  tbe  pOebard-v  ayiter-,  aad  otbcr 
i*aria%  are  lBi|wila  al ,  Firhaiwa  af  dbip-baJbUag  ia  tba 
gOTCiaaMat  do«-yarda  af  Bocbclhrt,  Ac.,  tbe  priaeipal 
■aaafeetara  ara  af  giaat,  aaitbaaaai^  katbar.  abcraieal^ 
awnilma,  aad  ae^>.  Cbfrital,  La  KecbcDa.  TUi  depait- 
BMat  is  £Tided  iato  ax  anaadiaaraeatiL  La  BaabeDe,  Joa- 
■Bo^  Maiiaasi^  Borbsfast,  Saiata^  aad  St.-Jaaa-4'Aag£ly. 
Pliia.4«6b41ft. 

Cfcaiat— ,  Aft'Wbp't&aK,  a  tawa  of  Fnasa.  depan- 
BMat  af  SciaiV  aa  tba  rigbt  baak  af  tba  Mssaa,  aa  a  rail- 
way, i  ailas  S.S;.  of  Paris.  Popw  7141.  It  is  pkaaaady 
baa  aaay  eeaatty-heaMa.  A  bcidga  af  It 
tba  Jfaia^  wbieb  baa  baea  fiaqatatly  tba 
af  asHKets  fer  Oa  paansMa  af  tba  aapital.  is  gaaidsd 
byfetta.    Mara  iaa la»ga aatianal  braatie aaylaa. 

CTbareatoa,  a  towa  af  Fraae%  dapaitMcat  of  Cbcr.  aa 
tba  Bern  Gual,  27  Miles  &S.B.  af  BaafgoL     Pap.  C9«. 

ClMreatMi,  abar^ca-taa'  {Vr.  praa.  Ai'i«v^x>'),  a 
psat-baalci  af  St.  Maiy^  pariah.  La,  abaat  7  Mila*  X.  af 
Ffaakfia.     It  bas  3  ebarcbca.  sagar  laaaafisrtans.  Ac 

Ckareazat,  sbft'rkp^'.  a  vibga  of  Pnae^  Pay-da- 
DAae,  23  adlaa  VTJi.W.  af  Biara.     Pw.  1911. 

Charies,  a  tawa  af  Ttefcay.    SaaKAKTB. 

Clutr'ikai',  a  towa  of  A^baaiitaa,  36  Biks  9.  af  C^ 
baaL  PsplMM.  His  ■aaiiebii^  sad  baa  aa  actira  eora- 
Bsecea  ia  eaans  eattaa  clalb%  aad  a  traasit  trade  acasas  tba 
HiBdaa-Kaaak. 

Charias  (dMu'ia^  Croas,  or  Caafe*s  Camcrs,  a 
paat-Tin^e  m  Keat  aou,  Oatario^  »4  rnks  by  nil  £.  by  S. 
af  Aasbantbaig.    Pap.  IML 

Cbafitaa«flbftt't-t«a,aeaaBty  ia  tbe  N.eaatnl  part  af 
MisssBi,  bas  aa  ana  af  abas*  7MaqBaranilsB.  Itkiatar- 
seeted  by  tba  Charitoa  Birar,  is  bsaadiil  aa  tba  &.▼.  by  tba 


MisaMriaadaatbaW.byGnadBirar.    It  is  ain  draiacd 
by  tba  Maeeie  Birar.    TbaaaifeeaisaadalatiBg:  tbaaoil  is 
Tciyfertila.  Tba  raaalj  < 
wbicb  ferasis  af  tba 
Aei,ara  piafasslj  i 


m  tbia  «aaaly.  It  is  iatcr- 
by  tbe  St.  Loo^  Kaasaa  (Sty  A  Bostbcta  Bailroad. 
OBpiiai,Kcyt«a*illsL  Pap.  ia  l«7t,  lM3i;  ialSS*,  25,234; 
ia  1$M.  3S,3»t. 

CluuitOB,atowBabipaf  Appaaoecaea.Iawa.    P.5M. 

Charitoa,  a  poat-Tillase,  e*pital  of  Laeas  ca,  Iawa,is 
oa  tba  Cbaritoa  Birar.  ia  a  towwbip  of  its  owa  aaaie.  aad 
OB  tbe  Barliagtoa  A  If  iasoari  Birer  Bailroad,  ii  wilai  W. 
of  Ottasswa,  aad  aboat  ^•■ilwRaE.af  Pea  Maiaaa.  Tba 
Cbaritaa  Bnaebaf  tbarailnadabaiaaaaedcxteadiaiatb. 
wcatward  fkoaa  tbis  poiat.  Cbaritaa  bas-1  aatisaal  aad  t 
atber  baahs,  •  ebaicbca,  a  braaa-fiMtosy,  iiua  aaibs,  a 
cipa--feclmy,  aad  rasaofiMtana  af  aagsai  aad  i  iiiiatsa 
Tbna  weakly  aawspapcts  ara  pabfiabad  bssab  PspL  ia 
1S8*.  2977;  ia  18M,  3122. 

Ckaritoa,atBwasbipef  Cbaritsaoau,lfa.    Psp.CSL. 

Cbaritoa,  atvwa^pofHoward«SL,JfaL  PBp.4M3. 
It  iadadca  tbe  towa  af  Gb^gaw. 

Cbaritaa,  a  towaddp  af  Mstsa  oa^  Mol  Psp.  1219. 
It  eaataias  Collage  Moaad. 

Cbaritaa, a tawaAip of Baada^esL, Ma.    PspulCM. 

Cbaritaa, a towBibiparScbBylaraasMau    PspwS33. 

CfcaritMi  Kiver  viaas  ia  tba  S.  part  af  lam,  aad 
dmias parts afLaaBa,Wayaeh aad Afpaaoaaaeaa.  Itaraaasi 
tba  baaadsiy  betwaea  laaa  aad  Mraaaii,  raas  asatbwaid 
tbiaagb  Adaii^  Msraa,  aad  Cbaritaa  eaa,  aad  aatan  tba 
SCssaari  Birer  4  ar  5  sules  above  Gftagaw.  b  is  aboat 
SSd  BsilaB  laag.  Tba  East  Cbaritaa  Birar  i 
tbraagb  Maaoa  ess  iatanaeto  Baadotob  ( 
Charitoa  1  raila  fraa  ito  saoatb.  It  m  acarty  IM  ailas 
lss«.  AaaUMr  rtnaa,  aaOed  tba  SGddla  Bna^  raas 
aaatbwaid  beta  eaa  tba  twa  riran  jast  daiwiibud  aad  aatan 
tba  Bast  Chantoa  1*  nilsB  SJL  af  C^taa-iHa,  MaL 

CkaKJaaec,  Tchadw,  ar  TackaitfMliai,  cfaa*- 
joa-ae',  a  towa  af  TMsUstoa.  kbBMt  aad  •»  Miles  &.W.  af 
•  ■ihaSwaf  tba  i\mm  Itmrja,  ami  am  tbajaaia 


CHA 


850 


CIIA 


•M,  written  also  TchaonzVt  a  town  of  Runia,  govern- 
meat  and  25  milos  E.S.H.  of  Moheolor.     Pup.  4947. 

Chaos  (ihi'oe)  or  Bird  Islands*  rocky  islets  of  Afriea, 
at  the  entrance  of  Algoa  Hay,  35  miles  E.  of  Port  Elixnbeth. 

Ch«o-TchoOfOh&'o-ohoo',orTchao-Chcou«Fou, 
oh4'o-ohi-oo'-foo,  a  city  of  China,  provinco  of  Quiiiij;-Tong, 
on  the  Man-Kiang,  hero  crossed  by  a  bridge,  near  its  en- 
trance in  the  China  Sea. 

Chao-Tchou,  or  Chao-Tcheoo-Fon,  a  city  of 
China.     Sco  Siiao-Cuoo. 

Clia-Ou-FoUt  a  city  of  China.    See  Shao-AVoo. 

Ciiauurcc,  sh&^uorss',  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Aube,  on 
the  Arinanco,  16  milos  S.  of  Troyes.     Pop.  1514. 

Cliapadnt  8b&-])&'di,  a  town  of  Brniil,  prorinoo  of 
Haranhiio,  on  the  Rio  Grajehu.     Pop.  lOUO. 

Chapada,  a  town  of  Brasil,  state  of  Minas-Qeraes, 
N.E.  ot   Fanado.     Pop.  2800. 

Chnpada  de  Santa  Anna.    See  Odimaraens. 

Chapala,  ch&-p^'l&,  a  lake  of  Mexico,  between  the 
states  of  Miohuacnn  and  Guadalajara.  Lat.  20°  20'  N.  ; 
Ion.  102°- 103°  25'  W.  Estimated  area,  1300  square 
miles.  It  contains  many  islands,  and  is  traversed  by  the 
Rio  Grande. 

Chapari,  ch&-p&-rco',  a  river  of  Bolivia,  rises  in  the 
mountains  of  Cochabamba,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  100 
miles,  joins  the  Mamore  in  the  parallel  of  17°  5'  S. 

Chapeaa.    See  Allumette  Islanp. 

Chapeco,  a  river  of  Brazil.     See  Xapeco. 

Cliap'el,  a  station  on  the  Brookline  Branch  of  the  Bos- 
ton &  Albany  Railroad,  within  the  city  limits  of  Boston, 
Mass.,  2^^  miles  from  the  initial  station  in  Boston. 

Chapel)  or  Chaple,  a  post-office  of  Howell  oo.,  Mo. 

Chapel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Braxton  co.,  W.  Va.,  6  miles 
N.W.  of  Sutton.     It  has  a  church. 

Chap'cI>en>le«Frith,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Derby,  at  a  railway  junction,  4J  miles  N.  of  Buxton.  It 
has  manufactures  of  cotton  and  paper,  lead-  and  coal-mines, 
and  lime-works.     Pop.  3718. 

Chapel  Grove,  a  hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  Va.,  14  miles 
N.  of  Lester  Manor  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  lumber-mill. 

Chapel  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Chambers  co.,  Ala. 

Chapel  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Sevier  oo.,  Ark. 

Chapel  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  co.,  Ga.,  12 
miles  N.W.  of  Fairburn.     It  has  3  churches. 

Chapel  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Allen  co.,  Ky. 

Chapel  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hinds  co.,  Miss.,  about 
26  miles  S.W.  of  Jackson.     It  has  a  church. 

Chapel  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Lafayette  co.,  Mo.,  in 
Snibar  township,  about  32  miles  E.S.E.  of  Kansas  City.  It 
has  a  church. 

Chapel  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J., 
about  25  miles  S.  of  New  York  City,  9  miles  N.AV.  of  Long 
Branch,  and  i  mile  E.  of  the  Now  Jersey  Southern  Rail- 
road. It  is  on  an  eminence  700  feet  above  tide-water,  and 
comm.ands  a  beautiful  view  of  the  ocean  and  the  villa- 
crowned  heights  of  Staten  Island.     It  has  a  church. 

Chapel  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co.,  N.C.,  in 
Chapel  Hill  township,  28  miles  W.N.W.  of  Raleigh.  It  is 
the  seat  of  the  University  of  North  Carolina,  which  was 
founded  in  1789  and  first  opened  in  1795.  The  plan  of 
this  university  includes  8  colleges,  of  which  2  have  been 
fully  organized,  namely,  the  college  of  literature  and  the 
arts  and  that  of  philosophy.  Chapel  Hill  has  6  churches 
and  several  dry-goods  stores.     P.  1000 ;  of  township,  2799. 

Chapel  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co.,  0.,  about  24 
miles  S.  of  Zanesville.  It  has  several  churches.  Coal  is 
mined  near  this  place. 

Chapel  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Tenn., 
about  32  miles  S.  by  E.  from  Nashville.  It  has  2  churches, 
an  academy,  and  a  plough-factory. 

Chapel  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  Austin  Branch  of  the  Houston  <fc  Texas  Central  Rail- 
road, 103  miles  E.  of  Austin,  and  62  miles  W.N.AV.  of 
Houston.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  Chapel  Hill  Female  College 
(Methodist)  and  the  Soul6  University.  It  has  5  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  carriages  and  furniture.     Pop.  602. 

Chap'el-Iz'od,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  3  miles  W. 
of  Dublin,  on  the  Lififey.     Pop.  880. 

Chap'elsbnrg,  a  hamlet  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Humphrey  township,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Franklinville  Rail- 
road Station. 

Cha^peze',  a  station  in  Bullitt  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Bards- 
town  Branch  of  the  Louisville  4  Nashville  Railroad,  a  few 
miles  N.W.  of  Bardstown. 

Cha'pin,  a  post-village  of  Morgan  oo..  111.,  on  the 
W»bash    Railroad  where  it   crosses  the   Rockford,   Rock 


Island  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  10  milos  W.  of  Jacksonville 
and  58  miles  K.  of  Ilunnibal,  Mo.     It  has  3  churches,  and  i 
a  brick-  and  tile-works.     Pop.  400. 

Chapin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Iowa,  65  milet 
by  rail  N.  of  Marshalltown.  It  has  2  churches,  general 
stores,  and  numerous  business  houses.     Pop.  about  200. 

Chapin,  a  hamlet  of  Ingham  oo.,  Mich.    See  Edes. 

Chapin,  post-township,  Saginaw  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  278. 

Cha'pinville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Litchfield  co.,  Conn., 
on  the  Connecticut  Western  Railroad,  in  Salisbury  town- 
ship, 5Ui  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Hartford,  and  near  the  Twin 
Lakes. 

Chapinville,  a  post-village  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Cunan<laigua  Outlet,  and  on  the  New  York  Central  Rail, 
road,  4  milos  N.E.  of  Canandaigua.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
flouring-niill. 

Chapinville,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co..  Pa. 

Chap'lin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windham  co ,  Conn.,  in 
Chaplin  township,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Williinantio.  It  bai  a 
church,  2  paper-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  542. 

Chaplin,  a  post-office  of  LIk  co.,  Kansas. 

Chaplin,  a  post-village  of  Nelson  co.,  Ky.,  on  Chaplin's 
Fork  of  Salt  River,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bardstown,  and 
about  42  miles  S.E.  of  Louisville.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
high  school  and  25  dwellings.     Pop.  175. 

Chaplin's  Fork,  or  Beech  River,  Kentucky,  runs 
southwestward  and  forms  the  boundary  between  Nelson 
and  Washington  cos.    See  Beech  Riveu. 

Chap'man,  a  township  of  Clay  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  625. 

Cliapman,  a  post-village  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Smoky  Hill  River,  9  miles  by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Abilene. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  500. 

Chapman,  a  township  of  Ottawa  co.,  Kansas.    P.  222, 

Chapman,  a  post-village  of  Merrick  co..  Neb.,  lU  milos 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Central  City.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bunk,  a 
graded  school,  2  lumber-factories,  and  manufactures  of 
oatmeal.     Pop.  about  250. 

Chapman,  a  po.<t-hamlet  of- Jackson  co.,  0.,  about  3 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Jackson.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Chapman,  a  township  of  Clinton  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1301, 

Clinpman,  Lehigh  co..  Pa.     See  Litzenbehg. 

Chapman,  a  borough  of  Northampton  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Lehigh  &  Lackawanna  Railroad,  15  miles  N.  of  Bethlehem. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  machine-shop,  about  60  dwellings,  and 
a  manufactory  of  roofing-slate,  mantles,  table-tops,  cisterns, 
(fee.  Here  are  large  slate-quarries.  The  name  of  its  post- 
office  is  Chapman  Quarries.     Pop.  388. 

Chapman,  a  post-hamlet  of  Snyder  co.,  Pa.,  in  Union 
township,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  3  miles  below  Hern- 
don.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Chapman,  a  township  of  Snyder  co.,  Pa.,  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  Susquehanna  River.     Pop.  1007. 

Chapman,  a  post-village  in  Westmoreland  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  20  miles  from  Shediac.  It  contains  2  churches, 
a  store,  5  saw-mills,  and  2  grist-mills.     Pop.  400. 

Chapman  Quarries,  a  post-office  of  Northampton  co., 
Pa.,  is  at  the  borough  of  Chapman. 

Chapman's  Creek,  Kansas,  rises  in  Cloud  co.,  runs 
southeastward  through  Clay  co.,  and  enters  the  Kansas 
River  12  miles  above  Junction  City.     Length,  60  miles. 

Chapman's  Creek,  a  station  in  Dickinson  co.,  Kan- 
sas, on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  at  Chapman. 

Chapman's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Gallia  co.,  0. 

Chapman's  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  co..  Pa., 
about  25  miles  N.E.  of  Cumberland,  Md. 

Chap'manville,  a  post-office  of  Logan  co.,  W.  Va.  A 

Chapniers,  a  town  of  France.    See  Champmeks.     'V 

Chapola  River,  Florida,    See  Chipola. 

Chapoo,  chi'poo'  or  shi'poo',  a  town  of  China,  prov- 
ince of  Che-Kiang,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  estuary  of  Tsien- 
Tang-Kiang,  50  miles  N.E.  of  Hang-Chow- Foo,  with  which 
it  has  good  canal  communication.  Lat.  30°  40'  N. ;  Ion. 
120°  30'  E.  Extensive  suburbs,  the  principal  seat  of  trade, 
stretch  along  the  shore;  and  half  a  mile  in  their  rear  is  the 
walled  town,  5  miles  in  circumference,  enclosed  within  which 
is  the  "  Tartar"  town.  The  harbor  is  shallow,  and  the  tides 
very  rapid ;  but  the  roadstead  has  deep  water,  and  the  Chi- 
nese trade  with  Japan  is  conducted  from  this  port. 

Chapour,  the  French  for  Shapoor. 

Chappaqua,  shap'pa-kwaw\  a  post-village  of  West- 
chester CO.,  N.Y..  33  miles'  by  rail  N.  of  New  York.  It  has 
a  Friends'  boarding-school  and  3  churches.  Here  was  the 
country-residence  of  Horace  Greeley.     Pop.  733. 

Chap'peil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Deuel  co.,  Neb..  27  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Big  Springs.  It  has  church  organizations,  2 
banks,  and  a  newspaper  office.    Pop.  200. 


CIIA 


8M 


CIIA 


Chap'pells,  a  post-hamlet  of  Newberry  co.,  S.C,  on  the 

aluda  River,  and  on  the  Columbia  &  Greenville  Railroad, 
5  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Columbia.     It  has  2  churches. 

Chappie  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mason  co.,  Mich., 
4  miles  N.E.  of  Ludington. 

ChapVuiig',  a  town  of  Thibet,  on  the  Sutlej,  55  miles 
.W.  of  Garoo.     Lat.  31°  27'  N. ;  Ion.  79°  33'  E. 

Chap'tico,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Mary's  co.,  Md.,  on  a 
reek  or  inlet  near  the  estuary  of  the  Potomac,  about  40 
iiiles  S.  by  E.  of  Washington,  D.C.  It  has  a  church. 
fchapultepec,  chi-poolHi-pSk',  a  strong  fortress  of 
ilexico,  situated  about  2  miles  S.W.  of  the  metropolis.  It 
lonsists  of  a  rock  rising  to  the  "height  of  150  feet  and 
rowned  by  a  castle.  Inside  the  castle  were  the  military 
pllege  of  Chapultepec  and  the  buildings  connected  with  it. 
Bhapultepec  was  taken  by  the  army  under  General  Scott  on 
he  12th  and  13th  of  September,  1847,  and  previous  to  the 
apturc  of  the  city  of  Mexico. 

Chapul'tepec,  a  post-village  of  Blount  co.,  Ala.,  12 
niles  N.  of  Springville  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2  churches 
ind  an  academy.     Coal  and  iron  ore  abound  here. 

Charalan,  ch8,-r3.-14n',  a  town  of  the  republic  of 
Clolombia,  140  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bogota. 

^Cha^amakotan,  Kooril  Islands.  See  Karamakotan. 
Charapoto,  chi-ri-po'to,  a  town  of  Ecuador,  110  miles 
.S.W.  of  Quito,  near  the  Bay  of  Charapoto,  Pacific  Ocean. 
,  Char'bar',  or  Choubar,  choo'bar',  a  well-sheltered 
ibay  of  Beloochistan,  in  the  Indian  Ocean.  Lat.  25°  20'  N. ; 
Hon.  60°  30'  E.  On  the  E.  side  of  its  entrance  is  the  town 
(of  Charbar,  with  1500  inhabitants,  enclosed  by  an  earth 
jrampart  and  garrisoned  by  the  Imam  of  Muscat.  N.  of 
this  are  the  ruins  of  the  Portuguese  settlement  of  Teez, 
probably  the  Tiz  of  Edrisi,  and  the  Trosi  of  Nearchus. 
I  Charbonnier,  shaii'bon^ne-d',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Tuy-de-Dome,  9  miles  S.  of  Issoire.     Pop.  2212. 

Charbonni^res,  shau^bon^ne-aiR',  a  village  of  France, 
'in  Rhone,  4  miles  W.  of  Lyons.  Pop.  602. 
j  Charcas,  a  city  of  Bolivia.  See  Chuquisaca. 
f  Chard,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Somerset,  12  miles 
JS.E.  of  Taunton,  at  a  railway  junction.  It  has  a  handsome 
I  church,  a  town  hall,  a  hospital,  a  workhouse,  and  consider- 
able manufactures  of  lace,  woollen  goods,  and  iron-  and 
brass-wares.     Pop.  2400. 

Charda,  or  Tchardah,  chaR'dS,,  a  small  town  of 
Servia,  50  miles  N.W.  of  Sophia. 

Chardak,  chauMik'  (anc.^na»a),alakeof  Asia  Minor, 
35  miles  B.  of  Degnizli.  Lat.  37°  55'  N. ;  Ion.  30°  E, 
Length,  from  E.  to  W.,  16  miles ;  breadth,  from  3  to  4  miles. 
Great  quantities  of  salt  are  collected  from  it;  and  the  vil- 
lage of  Chardak  is  near  its  W.  extremity. 

Chardak,  or  Tchardak,  chaR'd^k',  a  small  town  of 
Roumania,  27  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ilirschova. 

Chardon,  shar'don,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Geauga 
CO.,  0.,  in  Chardon  township,  about  30  miles  E.  by  N.  from 
Cleveland,  and  12  miles  S.  of  Painesville.  It  is  on  the 
Painesville  &  Youngstown  Railroad,  and  is  pleasantly  sit- 
uated on  high  ground.  It  contains  2  banks,  a  union  school, 
and  4  churches.  Dairy  products  are  its  chief  articles  of  ex- 
port. Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop. 
1183;  of  the  township,  1683. 

Charedj,  an  island  of  the  Persian  Gulf.     See  Karak. 

Charente,  shi^rftNt',  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  llaute- 
Vienne,  about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Chains,  flows  generally  W., 
and,  after  a  course  of  more  than  200  miles  through  Charente 
and  Charente-Inferieure,  enters  the  Atlantic  opposite  the 
island  of  Oleron.  Principal  affluents,  the  Boutonne  on  the 
right,  and  the  Touvre  and  Ne  on  the  left.  The  towns  of 
Civray,  Ruffec,  Angoulfime,  Jarnac,  Cognac,  Saintes,  Ton- 
nay-Charente,  Rochefort,  and  Soubise  are  on  its  banks.  It 
is  navigable  for  130  miles  from  the  sea,  to  Montignac,  and 
for  steamers  as  high  as  Angouleme. 

Charente,  a  department  of  France,  situated  between 
lat.  45°  10'  and  46°  8'  N.,  and  surrounded  by  the  depart- 
ments of  Charente-Inferieure,  Deux-S6vres,  Vienne,  Haute- 
Vienne,  and  Dordogne.  Area,  2295  square  miles.  Surface 
undulating;  it  contains  many  deep  caverns ;  hilly  in  the 
N.E.,  where  there  are  many  shallow  lakes.  Principal  rivers, 
the  Charente  and  Vienne.  Soil  calcareous,  dry,  and  mod- 
erately good,  but  the  corn  produced  barely  suflices  for  home 
consumption.  Vineyards  comprise  278,130  acres,  but  the 
wines  are  inferior.  The  Cognac  and  Jarnac  brandies  are 
from  this  department.  AVoods  extensive,  and  chestnuts 
form  an  important  crop.  The  other  products  are  grain,  po- 
tatoes, hemp,  flax,  and  truffles.  Iron  and  gypsum  are  the 
principal  mineral  products ;  iron-forging,  paper-making, 
distilling,  and  tanning  the  main  branches  of  manufiicturing 
Industry.     Capital,  Angouleme.     Charente  is  divided  into 


five  arrondissements,  Angouleme,  Barbezieux,  Cognac,  Con« 
folens,  and  Ruffec.     Pop.  370,822. 

Charente-Inferieure,  8hi-r6Nt'-iN»'fi'ree-uR',  a 
maritime  department  of  Western  France,  having  W.  the 
Bay  of  Biscay,  S.  the  estuary  and  department  of  Gironde, 
and  on  other  sides  the  departments  of  Vendee,  Deux-Sevres, 
Charente,  and  Dordogne.  Area,  including  the  islands  of 
R6  and  Oleron,  2650  square  miles.  Surface  level;  soil  gen- 
erally fertile.  Principal  rivers,  the  Charente,  Boutonne, 
and  Sevre-Niortaise.  Corn  and  wine  are  produced,  the 
greater  part  of  the  latter  being  converted  into  brandy  or 
vinegar.  Pastures  good,  and  live-stock  plentiful.  The  salt- 
works along  the  coast,  and  the  pilchard-,  oyster-,  and  other 
fisheries,  are  important.  Exclusive  of  ship-building  in  the 
government  dock-yards  of  Rochefort,  Ac,  the  principal 
manufactures  are  of  glass,  earthenware,  leather,  chemicals, 
woollens,  and  soap.  Capital,  La  Rochelle.  This  depart- 
ment is  divided  into  six  arrondissements,  La  Rochelle,  Jon- 
7,ac,  Marennes,  Rochefort,  Saintes,  and  St.-Jean-d'Angely. 
Pop.  466,416. 

Charenton,  shiV6N"H6N<'',  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Seine,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Marne,  on  a  rail- 
way, 5  miles  S.E.  of  Paris.  Pop.  7141.  It  is  pleasantly 
situated,  and  has  many  country-houses.  A  bridge  of  10 
arches  across  the  Marne,  which  has  been  frequently  the 
scene  of  conflicts  for  the  possession  of  the  capital,  is  guarded 
by  forts.     Here  is  a  large  national  lunatic  asylum. 

Charenton,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Cher,  on 
the  Berri  Canal,  27  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bourges.     Pop.  699. 

Charenton,  sharV^n-ton'  (Fr.  pron.  shi^r6NoH6x»'),  a 
post-hamlet  of  St.  Mary's  parish.  La.,  about  7  miles  N.  of 
Franklin.     It  has  3  churches,  sugar  manufactures,  &c. 

Charenzat,  shiVftxo'zi',  a  village  of  France,  Puy-de- 
D6me,  23  miles  W.N.W.  of  Riom.     Pop.  1911. 

Charles,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Karyes. 

CharUkar',  a  town  of  Afghanistan,  36  miles  N.  of  Ca- 
bool.  Pop.  6000.  It  is  flourishing,  and  has  an  active  com- 
merce in  coarse  cotton  cloths,  and  a  transit  trade  across  the 
Hindoo-Koosh. 

Charing  (chair'ing)  Cross,  or  Cook's  Corners,  a 
post-village  in  Kent  co.,  Ontario,  64  miles  by  rail  E.  by  N. 
of  Amherstburg.     Pop.  150. 

Chariton,  chir'^-t^n,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of 
Missouri,  has  an  area  of  about  700  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Chariton  River,  is  bounded  on  the  S.AV.  by  the 
Missouri  and  on  the  W.  by  Grand  River.  It  is  also  drained 
by  the  Muscle  River.  The  surface  is  undulating ;  the  soil  is 
very  fertile.  The  county  contains  extensive  prairies,  among 
which  forests  of  the  ash,  hickory,  oak,  elm,  black  walnut, 
Ac,  are  profusely  distributed.  Indian  corn,  tobacco,  wheat, 
oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Bituminous  coal 
and  limestone  are  abundant  in  this  county.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  A  Northern  Railroad. 
Capital,  Key tesville.  Pop.  in  1870, 19,136 ;  in  1880,  25,224; 
in  1S90,  26,254. 

Chariton,  a  township  of  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa.     P.  594. 

Chariton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lucas  co.,  Iowa,  is 
on  the  Chariton  River,  in  a  township  of  its  own  name,  and 
on  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  55  miles  W, 
of  Ottumwa,  and  about  60  miles  S.S.E.  of  Des  Moines.  The 
Chariton  Branch  of  the  railroad  above-named  extends  south- 
westward  from  this  point.  Chariton  has  1  national  and  2 
other  banks,  9  churches,  a  broom -factory,  iron-works,  a 
cigar-factory,  and  manufacture.'*  of  wagons  and  carriages. 
Three  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop.  in 
1880,  2977;  in  1890,  3122. 

Chariton,  a  township  of  Chariton  co..  Mo.     Pop.  651. 

Chariton,  a  township  of  Howard  co..  Mo.  Pop.  4043. 
It  includes  the  town  of  Glasgow. 

Chariton,  a  township  of  Macon  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  1269. 
It  contains  College  Mound. 

Chariton,  a  township  of  Randolph  co..  Mo.    Pop.  1699. 

Chariton,  a  township  of  Schuyler  oo..  Mo.     Pop.  833. 

Chariton  River  rises  in  the  S.  part  of  Iowa,  and 
drains  parts  of  Lucas,  AVayne,  and  Appanoose  cos.  It  crosses 
the  boundary  between  Iowa  and  Missouri,  runs  southward 
through  Adair,  Macon,  and  Chariton  cos.,  and  enters  the 
Missouri  River  4  or  5  miles  above  Glasgow.  It  is  about 
250  miles  long.  The  East  Chariton  River  runs  southward 
through  Macon  co.,  intersects  Randolph  co.,  and  enters  the 
Chariton  1  mile  from  its  mouth.  It  is  nearly  100  miles 
long.  Another  stream,  called  the  Middle  Branch,  runs 
southward  between  the  two  rivers  just  described  and  enters 
the  East  Chariton  10  miles  S.E.  of  Keytesville,  Mo. 

Chaijooee,  Tcharjui,  or  Tschardschui,  char^- 
joo-ee',  a  town  of  Toorkistan,  khanat  and  65  miles  S.A7.  of 
Bokhara,  6  miles  S.  of  the  Amoo-Darya,  and  on  the  main 


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karbor,  and  partly  upon  Charles  and  My«tio  Rivers,  which 
divide  it  from  Iloston  proper  and  from  Chelsea  respectively. 
These  rivers  are  crossed  by  fine  bridges,  Charlestown  has 
a  station  at  the  crossing  of  the  Boston  A  Maine  and  Fitch- 
burg  Railroads,  1  mite  from  Boston,  and  a  branch  of  the 
Eastern  Railroa<l  extends  hence  to  Somerville.  The  pen- 
insula on  which  Charlestown  stands  is  connected  with  the 
mainland  by  a  narrow  isthmus  called  Charlestown  Xeolc. 
Pop.  33,556.     See  Boston. 

Charlestown,  a  post-township  of  Redwood  oo.,  Minn. 
Pop.  250. 

Charlestown,  a  post-yillage  of  Sullivan  eo.,  N.H.,  In 
Charlestown  township,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Connecticut 
River,  8  miles  nbovo  IScllows  Falls,  and  on  the  Central  Ver- 
mont Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of  Claromont.  It  has  a  national 
bank,  a  high  school,  and  several  churches.  The  township 
has  manufactures  of  boots  and  shoes,  and  contains  a  hamlet 
named  North  Charlestown.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1741. 

Charlestown,  a  post-township  of  Portage  co.,  0.,  almut 
40  miles  S.E.  of  Cleveland,  is  intersected  by  the  Atlantic 
&  Great  Western  Railroad.  It  contains  a  hamlet  named 
Charlestown,  which  is  .1  miles  from  Freedom  Station,  and 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  6T5. 

Charlestown,  a  village  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  in  Charles- 
town township,  on  Pickering  Creek,  34  miles  S.W.  of  Phoe- 
nixville.  It  iias  2  churches  and  a  woollen-mill.  Here  is 
Pickering  Post-OflSco.     Pop.  of  the  township,  907. 

Charlestown,  a  post-township  of  Washington  co., 
R.I.,  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  inter- 
sected by  the  Stonington  &  Providence  Railroad.  It  has  5 
churches.  Pop.  1054,  of  whom  about  100  are  Narragansett 
Indians. 

Charlestown,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jefferson  co., 
W.  Va.,  is  in  the  Shenandoah  Valley,  about  3  miles  W.  of 
the  Shenandoah  River,  and  10  miles  S.W.  of  Harper's  Ferry, 
and  on  a  branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  91  miles 
W.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  a  court-house,  2  banks,  6  churches, 
2  newspaper  ofiSces,  2  academies,  and  a  machine-shop.  Pop. 
in  1880,  2016;  in  1890.  2287. 

Charlestown,  township,  Calumet  co..  Wis.  Pop.  1267. 

Charlestown,  a  station  on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Rail- 
road, 236  miles  N.N.W.  of  Milwaukee,  and  14  miles  N.  of 
Dorchester. 

Charlesville,  charlz'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  oo., 
Pii.,  in  Colerain  township,  7  miles  S.  of  Bedford. 

Charlesville,  Ontario.  See  Aui.tsville,  Enniskil- 
LEN,  and  IIaydojj. 

Charlesworth,  charlz'w^rth,  a  post-hamlet  and  rail- 
road station  of  Eaton  co.,  Mich.,  in  Hamlin  township,  on 
the  Lansing  division  of  the  Michigan  Southern  Railroad, 
22  miles  S.  of  Lansing.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Charleval,  shaRM?h-vil',  a  town  of  France,  in  Enre,  9 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Les  Andelys.     Pop.  1457. 

Charleville,8haRM9h-veer,called  Libreville,  leebV- 
veel',  under  the  first  republic,  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Ardennes,  1  mile  N.N.E.  of  M6zi6res,  with  which  it  com- 
municates by  a  bridge  and  railway  across  the  Meuse.  Pop. 
12,059.  It  is  well  built,  clean,  and  handsome;  it  has  a  col- 
lege, an  ecclesiastical  school,  a  public  library,  and  a  theatre. 
Since  the  seventeenth  century,  when  it  ceased  to  be  a  fort- 
ress, it  has  become  thriving.  It  has  manufactures  of  copper 
goods,  hardware,  firearms,  and  nails,  with  a  port  on  the 
river,  and  active  trade  in  wine,  spirits,  coal,  iron,  and  slates. 

Charleville,  sharM^-vil',  a  town  of  Ireland,  oo.  of 
Cork,  22  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Limerick.     Pop.  2482. 

Charleville,  or  Augusta  ToAvn  Hall,  a  post- village 
in  Grenville  co.,  Ontario,  7  miles  from  Prescott.     Pop.  200. 

Charlevoix,  sharM§h-voi',  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of 
Michigan,  bordering  on  Lake  Michigan,  has  an  area  of 
about  450  square  miles.  It  is  partly  bounded  on  the  N.  by 
Little  Traverse  Bay,  and  is  deeply  indented  by  several  in- 
lets of  the  lake.  The  surface  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests,  in  which  the  sugar-maple  abounds.  The  soil  pro- 
duces wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  <tc.  It  is  intersected  from 
N.  to  S.  by  the  Grand  Rapids  A  Indiana  Railroad.  Capi- 
tal, Boyne.  Pop.  in  1870,  1724;  in  1880,  5115;  in  1890, 
9686. 

Charlevoix,  a  post-village  and  popular  summer  resort 
of  Charlevoix  co.,  Mich.,  in  a  township  of  the  same  nnme, 
on  Lake  Michigan,  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Petoskey,  and  about 
46  miles  N.N.E.  of  Traverse  City.  It  has  4  churches,  2 
banks,  a  graded  school,  2  newspaper  ofiSces,  and  manufac- 
tures of  lumber,  shingles,  ties,  posts,  Ac.     Pop.  1496. 

Charlevoix,  sharM^h-voi',  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of 
Quebec,  having  the  St.  Lawrence  for  its  S.  boundary.  Area, 
1959  square  miles.     Capital,  St.  Paul's  Bay.     Pop.  15,611. 

CharMie  Hope,  a  post-office  of  Brunswick  co.,  Va. 


Charlieu,  shauM^-rh'  (anc.  Caril'oeu$),  a  towi 
France,  department  of  Loire,  38  miles  N.  of  Montbn 
Pop.  3890,  employed  in  manufactures  of  cotton  and  liner 

Char'licville,  a  post-office  of  Richland  parish.  La, 

Char'loc,  a  small  post-village  of  Paulding  co.,  Q., , 
the  Auglaize  River  and  the  Miami  Canal,  about  64  mil 
S.W,  of  Toledo.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  luniber-niill. 

Charlois,  shanMwA',  a  village  of  the  Netlierlnnds, 
South  Holland,  on  the  Meuse,  2  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rottordai 
Pop.  2063. 

Char'lo's  Cove,  a  post-village  in  Quysborough  oc 
Nova  Scotia,  40  miles  S.  of  Guysborough.     Pop.  Kill. 

Charlotte,  shar'lut,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Virgin! 
has  an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  o 
the  S.W.  by  the  Roanoke  River.  The  surface  is  iin.ii 
lating  or  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  f«: 
Tobacco,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  oats  are  the  8tu[)lo  ) 
uota.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Richmond  <t  i):ir 
ville  Railroad.  Capital,  Smith ville.  Pop.  in  1870, 14,513 
in  1880,  16,653;  in  1890,  15,077.  ; 

Charlotte,  a  township  of  Livingston  co..  III.    Pop.  74(1 

Charlotte,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa,  on  tlii 
Iowa  Midland  Railroad,  14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lyon?,  and  o ! 
Deep  River,  about  35  miles  N,  by  E.  of  Davenport.  It  hn 
3  churches,  2  flour-mills,  a  county  almshouse,  and  an  acad 
emy.     Pop,  in  1890,  231. 

Charlotte,  a  post-township  of  Washington  co..  Me.,  1: 
miles  S.  of  Calais.     Pop.  467. 

Charlotte,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Eaton  co.,  Mich. 
35  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Jackson,  19  miles  S.W.  of  Lnnsing 
and  59  miles  E.S.E.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  a  high  school 
2  national  banks,  8  churches,  a  foundry,  a  pliining-mill, ; 
newspaper  offices,  2  flouring-mills,  2  large  furniture-fiicto 
ries,  2  carriage-factories,  a  fruit-evaporating  factory,  i 
truck-  and  bag -holder  factory,  a  fence-machine  factory,  Ac 
Pop.  in  1890,  3867. 

Charlotte,  a  township  of  Bates  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1289. 

Charlotte,  a  township  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.  Pop 
1706.     It  contains  Charlotte  Centre  and  Sinclairville. 

Charlotte,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Monroi 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Greece  township,  on  Lake  Ontario,  at  thi 
mouth  of  the  Genesee  River,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Ncv 
York  Central  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Rochester.  The  Rome 
Watertown  AOgdensburg  Railroad  also  passes  through  thi 
place.  It  has  a  light-house,  3  churches,  an  iron-furnace 
several  ship-yards,  and  grain-elevators.  The  steamboat 
which  navigate  the  lake  touch  daily  at  this  place,  whicl 
is  the  lake-port  of  Rochester.     Pop.  about  1500. 

Charlotte,  a  village  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Newfan( 
township,  84  miles  N.  of  Lockport.  It  has  2  churches 
Pop.  about  300.     Here  is  Newfane  Post-Office. 

Charlotte,  a  city  of  North  Carolina,  and  the  capital  ol 
Mecklenburg  co.,  is  on  the  Atlanta  A  Richmond  Air-Lin> 
Railroad,  265  miles  E.N.E.  of  Atlanta,  44  miles  S.S.W.  ol 
Salisbury,  and  110  miles  N.  of  Columbia,  S.C.  It  is  thi 
northern  terminus  of  the  Charlotte,  Columbia  A  August) 
Railroad,  and  the  southern  terminus  of  the  Atlantic,  Ten 
nessee  A  Ohio  Railroad.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  Biddlc  Uni 
versity  (Presbyterian),  organized  in  1867.  It  contains  i 
court-house,  10  churches,  2  academies,  3  national  banks,  i 
state  bank,  a  branch  mint,  4  cotton-mills,  2  cotton-seed  oil 
mills,  a  hosiery-mill,  2  machine-factories,  furniture-,  sash- 
door-,  and  blind-factories,  and  2  daily  and  3  weekly  news 
paper  offices.     Pop.  in  1880,  7094;  in  1890,  11,557. 

Charlotte,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dickson  co.,  Tenn. 
8  miles  N.  of  Dickson  Railroad  Station,  and  about  40  mile 
W.  of  Nashville.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  i 
tobacco-factory.     Pop.  276. 

Charlotte,  a  village  of  Chittenden  co.,  Vt.,  in  Char 
lotte  township,  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  12  niilo 
S.  of  Burlington.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  W.  bj 
Lake  Champlain.     It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  1430. 

Charlotte,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  New  Bruns 
wick,  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Bay  of  Fundy  and  Passa 
maquoddy  Bay,  and  on  the  W.  and  S.W.  by  Maine,  frou 
which  it  is  separated  by  the  St.  Croix  River.  Granc 
Manan,  Campo  Bello,  and  Deer  islands  belong  to  thii 
county.  The  chief  industry  of  the  inhabitants  is  dircctec 
to  commerce,  ship-building,  lumbering,  and  the  fisheries 
The  county  is  traversed  by  the  New  Brunswick  A  Canadi 
Railway.     Capital,  St.  Andrews.     Pop.  25,882. 

Charlotte  Amalie,  shar'lott'  J.-m4'le-?h,  or  St 
Thomas,  s§nt  tom'as,  a  town  of  the  island  of  St.  Thcmas 
and  the  seat  of  government  of  the  Danish  West  Indies 
Pop.  about  13j000,  of  whom  three-fourths  are  blacks.  It  L 
built  chiefly  on  three  hills,  which  are  spurs  of  a  high  moun 
tain.     It  has  an  excellent  harbor  and  an  extensive  tc 


tra^ 


CHA 


855 


CHA 


The  town  has  6  churches,  and  a  local,  a  savings-,  and  an 
English  colonial  bank.  It  has  a  daily  and  2  semi-weekly 
newspapers,  gas-works,  a  government  house,  and  3  hos- 
pitals, and  is  connected  by  telegraphs  with  the  continent. 
See  Saint  Thomas. 

Charlotteburg,  shar'16t-burg,  a  post-village  of  West 
Milford  township,  Passaic  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Pequannock 
Creek,  and  on  the  New  Jersey  Midland  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Green  Pond  Railroad,  23  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Paterson.  It  has  4  churches,  a  marble-quarry,  and  a  man- 
ufactory of  implements  and  tools  of  various  kinds. 

Charlotte  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chautauqua  co., 
[N.Y.,  in  Charlotte  township,  4  miles   from   Sinclairville 
I  Station.     It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 
'     Charlotte   Court-House,   Virginia.     See  Smith- 

VILLK. 

'     Charlotte  Fur'nace,  a  post-office  of  Carter  co.,  Ky. 

Charlotte  Hall,  a  post-village  of  St.  Mary's  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Southern  Maryland  Railroad,  about  40  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Washington,  D.C.     It  has  an  academy. 

Charlotte  Har'bor,  an  inlet  on  the  E.  coast  of  Lab- 
rador, British  North  America,  60  miles  N.  of  the  Strait  of 
i  Belle  Isle,  about  lat.  63°  N. 

j      Charlotte  Har'bor,  Florida,  an  inlet  of  the  Gulf  of 
I  Mexico,  from  which  it  extends  into  the  interior  about  25 
miles.     It  is  shallow,  scarcely  more  than  10  feet  deep.    Good 
oysters  and  fish  are  found  here. 

Charlotte  Harbor,  a  post-hamlet  of  De  Soto  co.,  Fla., 
j  on  the  bay  of  its  own  name,  20  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Pine 
Level.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  182. 

Charlotte  Islands.    See  Queen  Charlotte  Islands. 

Charlottenbrunn,  shau-lot'ten-br6on\  a  town  of 
Prussian  Silesia,  42  miles  S.W.  of  Broslau.     Fop.  1279. 

Charlottenburg,  shaR-lot'ten-booiio^  a  town  of 
Prussia,  in  Brandenburg,  on  the  Spree,  3  miles  W.  of  Ber- 
lin, with  which  it  communicates  by  railways,  and  by  a 
straight  avenue  bordered  by  villas.  It  has  breweries, 
chemical  works,  steam  cotton-mills,  cotton-print  works, 
manufactures  of  hosiery,  <fec.  It  is  handsomely  built,  and 
has  2  palaces,  and  a  park  with  statues  of  the  Elector  Fred- 
erick William  and  his  son  Frederick  I.  It  is  a  favorite 
place  of  holiday  resort.     Pop.  25,847. 

Charlotte  River,  an  affluent  of  the  Susquehanna, 
forms  part  of  the  boundary  between  Otsego,  Schoharie,  and 
Delaware  counties.  New  York. 

Charlottesville,  shar'lots-vil,  a  post-village  of  Han- 
cock CO.,  Ind.,  in  Jackson  township,  on  the  Columbus,  Chi- 
cago &  Indiana  Central  Railroad,  30  miles  E.  of  Indianapo- 
lis.    It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  414. 

Charlottesville,  a  city,  capital  of  Albemarle  co.,  Va., 
is  on  the  Rivanna  River,  on  the  Richmond  &  Danville 
Railroad,  and  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  97  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Richmond,  39  miles  E.S.E.  of  Staunton,  and  61 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Lynchburg.  It  contains  9  churches,  2 
banks,  the  Albemarle  Female  Institute,  the  Charlottesville 
Institute  for  boys,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  2  weekly 
newspapers.  At  this  place  is  the  University  of  Virginia, 
which  was  planned  by  Thomas  Jefferson  about  1820  and 
endowed  by  the  state,  and  which  has  25  professors,  an  aver- 
age number  of  about  500  students,  and  a  library  of  37,000 
volumes.  It  is  unsectarian.  Charlottesville  has  also  a 
woollen-factory,  a  cigar-factory,  and  agricultural  works. 
Pop.  in  1880,  2676;  in  1890,  5591. 

Charlottetown,  the  capital  of  Prince  Edward  Island, 
and  of  Queens  co.,  is  on  the  Hillsborough  River,  near  the 
southern  coast.  Lat.  46°  15'  N.;  Ion.  63°  7'  W.  It  is 
well  built,  and  contains  the  government  buildings,  post- 
office,  court-house,  market,  public  hall,  athenajum,  ex- 
change, drill-shed.  Prince  of  Wales,  St.  Dunstan's  and 
Methodist  colleges,  normal  school,  convent,  lunatic  asy- 
lum, jail,  and  9  churches.  A  semi-weekly  and  5  weekly 
newspapers  are  here  published.  The  town  also  contains  3 
banks,  a  savings-bank,  a  woollen-factory,  iron-foundry,  ship- 
building yards,  &c.  The  streets,  which  are  lighted  with 
gas,  are  wide  and  well  laid  out.  It  is  on  a  railway  which 
connects  it  with  the  principal  towns  and  villages  on  the 
island.     It  is  a  Catholic  bishop's  see.     Pop.  (1891)  11,374. 

Charlotte   Town,  West  India  islands.    See  Roseau. 

Charlotteville,  shar'16t-vil,  a  post-village  of  Scho- 
harie CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Charlotte  River,  in  Summit  township, 
about  50  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Albany.  It  contains  a  church, 
3  stores,  a  grist-mill,  a  carriage-shop,  a  saw-mill,  &o. 

Charlotteville  Centre,  Ontario.    See  AValsh. 

Charl'ton,  an  island  of  Canada,  in  James's  Bay.  Lat. 
52°  N ;  Ion.  79°  50'  W. 

Charl'ton,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an 
>area  of  about  1000  square  miles.    It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 


by  the  Satilla  and  St.  Mary's  Rivers.  The  surface  is  level ; 
the  soil  is  sandy.  A  large  part  of  it  is  occupied  by  swamps 
and  forests.  The  land  produces  a  little  cotton  and  Indian 
corn.  Capital,  Traders  Hill.  Pop.  in  1870,  1897;  in  1880, 
2154;  in  1890,  3335. 

Charlton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Charlton  township,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Worcester,  and  3  miles 
S.  of  the  Boston  <fc  Albany  Railroad.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
public  school,  a  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  manufactures 
of  satinet,  lumber,  packing-boxes,  shoddy,  and  wire.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1847. 

Charlton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Charlton  township,  about  25  miles  N.W.  of  Albany,  It 
has  2  or  3  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1589. 

Charlton,  a  village  of  Clinton  co..  Pa.,  in  Pine  Creek 
township,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River, 
and  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad,  1  mile  from  Wayne 
Station.  It  has  2  stores,  a  tannery,  a  hotel,  and  a  cigar- 
factory.     Pop.  131. 

Charlton  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 
in  Charlton  township,  2  miles  S.  of  Charlton  Depot.     It  has 

2  churches,  a  common  school,  and  manufactures  of  woollen 
goods,  satinet,  and  wire.     Pop.  600. 

Charlton  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Worcester  co., 
Mass.,  in  Charlton  township,  on  the  Boston  &  Albany  Rail- 
road, 57  miles  W,  by  S.  of  Boston. 

Charl'ton-next-WoolAvich  (wool'ich),  a  village  of 
England,  co.  of  Kent,  8  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  London,  of 
which  it  is  a  suburb.  It  is  on  elevated  ground  near  the 
Thames,  and  has  an  interesting  church  and  a  stately  manor- 
house.     Pop.  7699. 

Charly,  shan^lee',  several  villages  of  France;  the  chief 
in  Aisne,  42  miles  S.S.W.  of  Laon.     Pop.  1677. 

Charmes-sur-3Ioseile,  shaRm-siiii-mo^z5ll',  a  town 
of  France,  in  Vosges,  on  the  Moselle,  15  miles  N.W.  of 
Epinal.  Pop.  3090.  It  has  manufactures  of  lace,  and  ex- 
tensive tanneries. 

Charmey,  shaR'mi'  (Ger.  Galmis,  gdl'mis),  a  village  of 
Switzerland,  14  miles  S.  of  Freyburg.     Pop.  1012. 

Char'mouth,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Dorset,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Char  in  the  English  Channel,  2  miles 
N.E.  of  Lyme-Regis.     Pop.  644. 

Charnenx,  shaR^nuh',  a  village  of  Belgium,  10  miles 
E.  of  Liege.     It  has  manufactures  of  cloth.     Pop.  2200. 

Charny,  shaR^nee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Y'onne,  15 
miles  S.W.  of  Joigny.     Pop.  of  commune,  1580. 

Charo,  chi'ro  (anc.  Matlatzin'go),  a  town  of  Mexico, 
state  of  Michoacnn,  at  the  foot  of  the  Sierra  Otzumatlan, 
upward  of  6000  feet  above  the  sea-level.  It  carries  on  a 
considerable  commerce.     Pop.  6242. 

Charolais,  France.    See  Charolois. 

Charolles,  shi'roll',  a  town  of  France,  in  Sa6ne-et- 
Loire,  30  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Macon.  Pop.  3295.  It 
stands  between  two  hills,  one  crowned  by  a  ruined  castle. 
It  is  well  built,  and  has  manufactures  of  crockery,  oil, 
plaster,  <fcc.,  and  trade  in  cattle,  wine,  and  grjiin. 

Charolois,  sh&'roMi',  or  Charolais,  shiVoMi',  an 
old  subdivision  of  France,  in  Burgundy,  now  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Saone-et-Loire.     Its  capital  was  Charolles. 

Charonne,  shi^ronn',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine, 
adjoining  Paris  on  the  E.  Pop.  12,000.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  chemical  products,  wax  candles,  and  colors. 

Charost,  shS,Vost',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Cher,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Bourges.     Pop.  1546. 

Charpey,  shaR^pi',  a  town  of  Franco,  in  DrSme,  9  miles 
E.  of  Valence.     Pop.  2503, 

Charrette,  shar-ret',  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Mo. 
Pop.  2690.     It  contains  Dutzow  and  Marthasville. 

Charroux,  shaR^roo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vienne,  30 
miles  S,  of  Poitiers.  Pop.  1943.  Here  are  the  remains  of 
a  monastery  founded  in  785  and  endowed  by  Charlemagne. 

Chars,  shau,  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-et-Oise,  11 
miles  N.W.  of  Pontoise.     Pop.  1008. 

Charshumba,  char-shum'ba,  written  also  Char- 
shambah,  Tscharschambe,  or  Tcherchembeh, 
a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  on  the  Yeshil-Irmak  (called  also 
Charshambah-Soo),  10  miles  from  the  Black  Sea.  Lat.  41° 
11'  N.;  Ion.  36°  40'  E.     Pop.  7000. 

Char  Tar^apoor',  a  village  of  India,  district  and  near 
the  town  of  Pabna.     Pop.  4275. 

Char'ter  Oak,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co.,  Iowa, 
24  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Manilla.  It  has  4  churches,  3 
banks,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  567. 

Charter  Oak  Park,  a  station  in  Hartford  co.,  Conn., 

3  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Hartford. 

Chartiers,  charHeerz',  a  post-borough  of  Alleghany  co,, 
Pa.;  7  miles  S.W.  of  Pittsburg.    It  is  on  Chartiers  Creek, 


CHA 


85S 


CIIA 


bank  of  the  Modwar,  SO  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  London. 
It  is  adjacent  to  Koonester,  liromuton,  and  Gillingham.  It 
is  flnnliod  on  the  E.  and  S.  by  heights  partly  built  on,  and 
crowned  with  several  forts.  The  town  is  well  paved  and 
lighted,  and  has  many  good  shops,  a  noblo  dock-yard,  a 
fine  parLxh  church,  a  mu<lorn  building,  embodying  a  small 
part  of  the  original  Norman  structure,  a  charity  hospital, 
»  seamen's  and  other  hospititls,  and  a  literary  institution, 
with  a  museum.  The  military  and  naval  establishments, 
separated  from  the  town  by  a  line  of  fortificatious,  comprise 
large  and  very  handsome  infantry,  marine,  engineer,  and 
artillery  barracks,  a  school  for  engineers,  and  a  noble  marine 
hospital,  tho  dock-yard,  and  arsenal.  The  dock-yard  con- 
tains tide-docks  and  building-slips  for  vessels  of  tho  largest 
sire,  with  saw-mills,  forges,  machinery-works,  roperies,  ord- 
nance-ranges, an  armory,  and  a  large  prison.  The  popula- 
tion of  Chatham  is  mostly  engaged  in  tne  military  and  naval 
establishments,  or  in  the  trade  arising  out  of  tho  presence 
of  the  government  works.  Pop.,  including  Brompton  and 
Gillingham  (close  suburbs),  45,792. 

Chatham  f  chat' am,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
tho  N.E.  by  the  Savannah  River,  on  the  S.E.  by  the  At- 
lantic Ocean,  and  on  the  S.W.by  the  Ogeecheo  River.  Tho 
surface  is  level ;  the  soil  is  mostly  sandy,  and  in  some  parts 
is  fertile.  Rice  is  the  staple  product.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia,  the  Charleston 
&  Savannah,  the  City  A  Suburban,  the  Savannah,  Florida 
&  Western,  and  the  South-Bound  Railroads,  all  of  which 
enter  Savannah,  the  capital.  A  large  part  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests  of  pine,  cypress,  and  other  trees.  Pop.  in 
1870,  41,279;  in  1880,  45,023;  in  1890,  57,740. 

Chatham,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  North  Caro- 
lina, has  an  area  of  about  ^30  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Deep  and  Haw  Rivers,  which  unite  in  the  S.E.  part 
and  form  the  Cape  Fear  River.  The  surface  is  undulating, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests;  the  soil  is  product- 
ive. Indian  corn,  cotton,  wheat,  oats,  pork,  and  butter  are 
the  staple  products.  Beds  of  coal  have  been  opened  in  this 
county,  which  has  also  a  copper-mine.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Raleigh  &  Augusta  and  the  Cape  Fear  &  Yadkin  Valley 
Railroads.  Capital,  Pittsborough.  Pop.  in  1S70,  19,723; 
in  1880,  23,453;  in  1890,  25,413. 

Chatham,  a  township  of  Middlesex  oo.,  Conn.,  on  the 
E.  bank  of  the  Connecticut  River,  and  on  the  Boston  &  New 
York  Air-Line  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of  Middletown  (Cobalt 
Station).  The  township  has  ores  of  cobalt,  and  is  the  seat 
of  active  manufactures.     Pop.  2771. 

Chatham,  a  post-village  of  Sangamon  co..  III.,  in 
Chatham  township,  on  the  Chicago  A  Alton  Railroad,  9 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
an  academy,  an  elevator,  a  money-order  post-office,  a 
flouring-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  482;  of  the  township,  1392. 

Chatham,  a  post-office  of  Buchanan  co.,  lowa,  4  miles 
N.  of  Jesup  Railroad  Station. 

Chatham,  a  post-village  of  Bracken  co.,  Ky.,  16  miles 
W,  of  Maysville.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  and  a  manu- 
factory of  farming-iihplements. 

Chatham,  a  post-village  of  Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  is  in 
Chatham  township,  and  on  the  ocean,  at  the  southeastern 
vpoint  of  the  peninsula  called  Cape  Cod,  7  miles  E.  of  Har- 
wich Railroad  Station,  and  about  20  miles  E.  of  Barnstable. 
It  has  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  4  churches,  a  toler- 
able harbor,  and  is  supported  mainly  by  navigation  and  fish- 
eries. Pop.,/)f  the  township,  2274.  The  township  contains 
a  hamlet  named  South  Chatham. 

Chatham,  a  post-township  of  Wright  co.,  Minn.,  about 
40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Minneapolis.  Here  are  forests  of  the 
ash,  elm,  maple,  oak,  Ac.     Pop.  224. 

Chatham,  a  post-township  of  Carroll  co.,  N.II.,  about 
30  miles  N.  of  Ossipee.  Its  surface  is  hilly  or  mountainous. 
It  has  a  church.     Pop.  445. 

Chatham,  a  post-village  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  in  Chat- 
ham township,  on  the  Morris  A  Essex  Railroad,  15  miles 
W.  of  Newark,  and  6  miles  S.E.  of  Morristown.  It  has  3 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  paper,  baskets,  Ac.  The 
township  contains  the  village  of  Madison,  and  2  academies. 
Total  pon.  3715. 

Chatham,  a  post-township  of  Columbia  oo.,  N.Y.,  is 
intersected  by  Kinderhook  Creek  and  the  Boston  A  Albany 
and  Harlem  Extension  Railroads.  It  contains  post-villages 
named  Chatham,  North  Chatham,  East  Chatham,  Chatham 
Centre,  Chatham  Village,  Ac.     Total  pop.  4501. 

Chatham,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Chatham  township,  on  tho  Harlem  Extension  Railroad,  133 
miles  N.  of  New  York.  It  has  a  church,  a  furnace,  a  saw- 
mill, and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 


Chatham,  a  post-village  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  in  N. 
township,  7  miles  N.  of  Newark,  and  about  35  miles  K..\. 
of  Columbus.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a  tannery  i 
Pop.  16«. 

Chatham,  a  township  of  Medina  oo.,  0.,  oontainii 
Chatham  Centre.     Pop.  980. 

Chatham,  a  post-village  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  in  I/mi 
Grove  township,  on  the  Pennsylvania  A  Delaware  1: 
Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Avondale,  and  about  36  miles  \V. 
from  Philadelphia.     It  has  a  tannery  and  several  ohunln 

Chatham,  a  township  of  Tioga  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1575.  , 

Chatham,  a  post-village,  ca]iital  of  Pittsylvania  ci 
Va.,  is  on  a  brancn  of  the  Banister  River,  and  on  the  Vii 
ginia  Midland  Railroad,  18  miles  N.  of  Danville,  and  • 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Lynchburg.  It  has  a  savings-bank,  1 1 
2  newspaper  offices,  a  high  school,  5  churches,  a  foundry 
cigar-factory,  3  tobacco-factories,  Ac.     Pop.  about  800. 

Chatham,  a  port  of  entry  in  Northumberland  co.,  Nc 
Brunswick,  on  the  Miramichi  River,  12  miles  from  i 
mouth,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Intercolonial  Railway, 
miles  from  Newcastle,  and  84  miles  W.  of  Shediac.  It 
the  largest  town  on  the  north  shore  of  the  province,  ar 
contains  several  handsome  buildings,  including  a  cathcdni 
a  hospital  and  college,  4  churches,  masonic  and  tenipemni 
halls,  printing-office,  steam  mills,  foundries,  and  8lii|i-yar(l 
It  is  a  Catholic  bishop's  see.  Much  lumber  and  fish  ai 
shipped  from  here.  The  harbor  is  capable  of  accommodutii) 
vessels  of  the  largest  tonnage.     Pop.  3000. 

Chatham,  Argenteuil  co.,  Quebec.    See  Cusnisc. 

Chatham,  the  chief  town  of  the  county  of  Kent,  Oi 
tario,  is  situated  on  the  river  Thames,  67  miles  by  ra 
S.AV.  of  London.  It  contains  the  county  buildings, 
churches,  2  printing-offices,  3  saw-mills,  5  grist-mills, 
woollen-mills,  5  foundries,  a  planing-mill,  pot-  and  pear 
asheries,  machine-shops,  soap-,  candle-,  and  other  factorie 
a  brewery  and  distillery,  and  numerous  stores.  A  vei 
extensive  export  trade  is  done  in  grain,  pork,  and  othi 
country  produce,  and  in  lumber,  square  timber,  railroa( 
ties,  staves,  and  cord-wood.     Pop.  5873. 

Chatham  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co.,  N.'Y 
in  Chatham  township,  on  Kinderhook  Creek,  and  on  tl 
Boston  A  Albany  Railroad,  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Albany.  . 
has  a  church  and  a  paper-mill  for  straw-paper. 

Chatham  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Medina  co.,  C 
in  Chatham  township,  about  24  miles  W.  of  Akron.  It  h: 
2  churches. 

Chatham  Four  Corners.    See  Chatham  Village 

Chatham  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smyth  co.,  Va.,  t 
the  North  Fork  of  the  Holston  River,  12  miles  N.  of  Mario 
It  has  a  church  and  a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  about  100. 

Chatham  Island,  ofiF  the  W.  coast  of  Patagonia, ! 
miles  S.  of  Wellington  Island. 

Chatham  Island,  one  of  the  Galapagos  Islands,  i 
the  Pacific  Ocean.     Coal  has  been  discovered  here. 

Chatham  Islands,  a  group  in  the  Radack  Chain,  i 
the  North  Pacific  Ocean.     Lat.  9°  N. ;  Ion.  179°  50'  E. 

Chatham  Islands,  a  group  in  the  Pacific,  about  3i 
miles  E.  of  New  Zealand.  Lat.  of  Cape  Young,  43°  48'  S 
Ion.  176°  58'  W.  They  consist  of  Chatham  (Wairikaori 
Pitt,  and  some  smaller  islands,  the  first  being  about  ! 
miles  in  circumference  and  containing  a  brackish  lake  ' 
miles  long  and  7  miles  broad.  Coasts  rocky;  surface  ui 
dulating  and  fertile,  but  often  marshy;  products  similar 
those  of  New  Zealand.  They  belong  to  Great  Britain,  at 
are  a  dependency  of  the  colony  of  New  Zealand.    Po]).  13 

Chatham  Port,  an  inlet  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  Soul 
Andaman  Island,  in  the  Bay  of  Bengal. 

Chatham  Port,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barnstable  c( 
Mass.,  on  the  sea-coast,  about  90  miles  S.E.  of  Boston. 

Chatham  Run,  a  post-office  of  Clinton  co.,  Pa. 

Chatham  Sound,  Alaska,  lat.  56°  30'  N.,  Ion.  133°  VI 
separates  George  IIL  and  Prince  of  Wales  Archipelagoes 

Chatham  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  1 
the  hamlet  of  Shortsvilje. 

Chatham  Village,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  c« 
N.Y.,  is  partly  in  Chatham  township,  24  miles  S.S.E.  ( 
Albany,  and  128  miles  N.  of  New  York.  It  is  on  the  Bo 
ton  A  Albany  Railroad,  and  is  the  northern  terminus  of  tl 
New  I'^ork  A  Harlem  Railroad,  which  here  connects  wil 
the  Harlem  Extension  Railroad;  and  a  branch  of  the  firs 
mentioned  road  extends  hence  to  Hudson.  It  is  sometini' 
called  Chatham  Four  Corners;  but  the  name  of  its  post-ofiii 
is  Chatham  Village.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  national  bau! 
amachine-shop,  a  paper-mill,  iron-foundries,  a  graded  schoc 
an  academy,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Chatillon,  sha,*tee''yAN<'',  a  town  of  Italy,  15  miles  I 
rail  E.  of  Aosta,  on  the  Dora  Baltea.     Pop.  2833. 


CIIA 


859 


CIIA 


Chfttillon,  a  lake  of  France.     See  Bourget. 
Chatillon,  sha,Hee'y6No',  a  town  of  France,  in  Drftme, 
J2  miles  E.S.E.  of  Valence.     Pop.  12.V). 

Chlitillon    (anc.    Cantellio?),   a  town   of  France,   in 
Rh6ne,  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Villefranche.     Pop.  1201. 
I    Chatillon,  shil^fcee'yiNo',  a  post-village  in  Yamaska  ec, 
'^uebeo,  12  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Celestin.     Pop.  200. 
'    Ch&tillon-de-Michaille,     shaHee'ydN^'-d^h-mee^- 
ihil',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ain,  26  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bourg. 

Chatillon-en-Bazois,  sha,^tee^y6N<''-6K<>-bS,*zwS.',  a 
;own  of  France,  in  Nievre,  15  miles  W.  of  Chflteau-Chinon, 
)n  the  Aron.     Pop.  1179. 

j  Chatillon-en-Vendelais,  sh9,Hee'y6N»'-6N<>-vftN»^- 
ii^h-li',  a  town  of  France,  in  lUe-et-Vilaine,  8  miles  N.  of 
iVitr6.     Pop.  1510. 

Chatillon-lfes-Dombes,  sha,Hee'y6N<>' - li - d6Mb,  a 
town  of  France,  in  Ain,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Trfivoux,  on 
ithe  Chalaronne.     Pop.  3046. 

I  Chatilloii- sur- Colmont,  shaHee^y6N»'-siin-kor- 
|in6N°',  a  town  of  France,  department  and  11  miles  AV.N.AV. 
jof  Mayenne.     Pop.  2526. 

I  Chatillon-8ur-Indre,  shaHeeVftNo'-siln-S.Kd'n,  a 
(town  of  France,  in  Indre,  on  tlie  Indre,  27  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Chateauroux.    Pop.  3875. 

!  Chatillon-sur-Loing,  8ha,'tee'y6?j»'-sUB-lw$.N<>,  a 
Itown  of  France,  in  Loirct,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Montargis. 
"Pop.  2474. 

'  Chatillon-sur-Loire,sha.Hee^y6No'-sUR-lwaR,  atown 
lof  France,  in  Loiret,  44  miles  E.S.E.  of  Orleans.  Pop.  3226. 
[  Chatillon-sur-Marne,  8ha"tee*y6N°'-siiR-maRn,  a 
'town  of  France,  in  Marne,  on  the  Marne,  29  miles  W.N.W. 
iof  Chalons.     Pop.  847. 

I  Chfttillon-sur-Saone,  8h9,Hee^y6N»'-sUR-son,  a  town 
jof  France,  in  Vosges,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lamarche.  Pop.  632. 
i  Chatillon-sur-Seine,sha,Hee^y6N"'-sllR-sAne,  a  town 
iof  France,  in  COte-d'Or,  48  miles  N.N.W.  of  Dijon,  on  a 
I  railway,  and  on  the  Seine.  It  has  good  public  buildings, 
>  with  a  castle  and  a  park,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  and 
_  linen  fabrics,  hats,  leather,  flour,  and  paper.  Pop.  4860, 
i  Chatillon-sur-Sevre,  sha,Hee'yAN°' -siiR-saiv'n,  a 
I  town  of  France,  in  Deux-Sevres,  14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bres- 
!  suire,  on  the  Sevre-Nantaise.  Pop.  1537. 
}  Chat'moss,an  extensive  morass  of  England,  co.  of  Lan- 
(  caster,  now  largely  reclaimed,  about  10  miles  W.  of  Man- 
!  Chester.     Area,  about  6000  acres. 

Chatonnay,  shiHon^ni',  a  town  of  France,  in  Is5re,  15 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Vienne.     Pop.  2728. 

Chaton,  shiHoo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine-et-Oise, 
on  the  Paris  <fc  Saint-Germain  Railway,  3  miles  E.  of  Saint- 
Germain.     Pop.  3192. 
Chatra,  a  town  of  India.    See  Chittra. 
Chatres,  the  former  name  of  Arpajo.v. 
Chatsk,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Shatsk. 
Chat^soo',  a  decayed  town  of  India,  24  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Ajmeer. 
Chats'wortli,  the  seat  of  the  Duke  of  Devonshire,  and 
I  perhaps  the  most  splendid  private  residence  in  England,  is 
(  situated  in  the  county  of  Derby,  in  a  beautiful  park,  10  miles 
'  in  circumference,  watered  by  the  Derwent,  3i  miles  N.E. 
f  of  Bakewell.     The  mansion  is  in  the  Ionic  style.     The  fur- 
\  niture,  books,  paintings,  and  statuary  which  it  contains  are 
)  extremely  choice,  and  in  the  gardens  is  a  conservatory, 
t  with  water-works  considered  to  be,  with  the  exception  of 
!  those  at  Versailles,  the  first  in  Europe.    In  the  earlier  man- 
sion of  Chatsworth,  Mary  Queen  of  Scots  spent  a  consider- 
I  able  portion  of  her  captivity. 

I  Chats'worth,  a  post-village  of  Livingston  co.,  111.,  in 
j  Chatsworth  township,  on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw 
I  Railroad,  79  miles  E.  of  Peoria,  and  about  44  miles  E.N.E. 
I  of  Bloomington.  It  has  a  bank  and  4  churches,  a  money- 
f  order  post-office,  and  manufactures  of  windmills  and  corn- 
f  buskers.  A  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.  Pop. 
I   909;  of  the  township,  1622. 

i       Chatsworth,  or  Johiitown,  a  post-village  in  Grey 

00.,  Ontario,  109  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Toronto,  and  12 

[   miles  from  Owen  Sound.     It  has  3  churches,  an  iron-foun- 

[   dry,  a  saw-mill,  a   flouring-mill,  and  several  stores   and 

machine-shops.     Pop.  450. 

Chat'tahoo'chee,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Geor- 
gia, has  an  area  of  about  300  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
j  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Chattahoochee  River.  The  surface  is 
'  undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests; 
■  the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple 
':  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Central  of  Georgia  and 
'  the  Columbus  Southern  Railroads.  Capital,  Cusseta.  Pop. 
'    in  1870,  6059;  in  1880,  6670;  in  1890,  4902. 

Chattahoochee,  a  post- village  of  Gadsden  co.,  Fla., 


fs  near  tlie  confluence  of  the  Chattahoochee  and  Flint 
Rivers,  at  the  junction  of  three  railroads,  41  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Tallahassee.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  state  penitentiary,  and 
has  3  churches,  a  state  lunatic  asylum,  <fec.     Pop.  383. 

Chattahoochee  River  rises  in  Habersham  co.,  Ga., 
and  runs  southwestward  to  West  Point,  where  it  strikes  the 
eastern  boundary  of  Alabama.  Below  this  point  it  runs 
nearly  southward,  and  forms  the  west  boundary  of  Georgia 
until  it  unites  with  the  Flint  River  at  the  S.W.  extremity 
of  the  state  last  named.  The  river  formed  by  this  conflu- 
ence is  the  Appalachicola.  The  Chattahoochee  is  about  50O 
miles  long.  Small  steamboats  can  ascend  it  to  Columbus, 
which  is  300  miles  or  more  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Gold 
is  found  near  the  upper  part  of  this  river. 

Chattahoochee  River,  a  hamlet  of  Chambers  co., 
Ala.,  3  miles  from  West  Point,  Ga.  It  is  on  or  near  tlie 
Chattahoochee  River,  and  has  a  cotton-factory  and  an  iron- 
foundry,  with  a  machine-shop. 

Chattahoochee  River,  a  station  in  Gadsden  co., 
Fla.,  on  the  Florida  Central  k  Peninsular  Railroad,  3  miles 
from  the  town  of  Chattahoochee. 

Chat'tan,  or  Chat'ton,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co., 
111.,  and  a  station  on  the  Keokuk  Branch  of  the  Wabash 
Railroad,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Clayton. 

ChatUanoo'ga,  a  city  of  Tennessee  and  great  rail- 
road terminus,  the  capital  of  Hamilton  co.,  is  pleasantly 
situated  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Tennessee  River,  151  miles 
S.E.  of  Nashville,  112  miles  S.S.W.  of  Knoxville,  and  138 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Atlanta.  It  is  connected  with  the  towns 
of  Georgia  by  the  Western  &,  Atlantic  Railroad.  It  is  sur- 
rounded by  high  hills  and  picturesque  scenery  with  fine 
views  of  Lookout  Mountain  and  the  Cumberlands,  several 
valleys  and  intervening  ridges  converging  to  this  point. 
Steamboats  navigate  the  river  above  and  below  this  place, 
which  is  very  favorably  situated  for  trade  and  manufac- 
tures, having  mines  of  coal  and  iron  in  its  vicinity.  Chat- 
tanooga has  churches  of  all  the  leading  denominations, 
several  large  hotels,  which  are  said  to  be  the  best  in  the 
Southern  states,  the  Chattanooga  Female  Institute,  the 
U.  S.  Grant  University,  the  Chattanooga  Medical  College, 
and  a  system  of  public  schools.  The  amount  of  ciipital 
invested  here  in  manufactures  is  now  about  $10,000,000. 
It  contains  14  banks,  2  cotton -factories,  a  manufactory  of 
railroad-cars,  7  sash-  and  blind-factories,  2  steel-works, 
several  machine-shops,  3  rolling-mills,  an  iron-foundry,  2 
large  tanneries,  5  steam  saw-mills,  2  blast-furnaces,  and 
the  workshops  of  the  Alabama  Great  Southern  Railroad, 
Three  daily,  7  weekly,  1  semi-monthly,  and  3  monthly 
newspapers  are  published  here.  Among  its  public  build- 
ings are  a  fine  opera-house,  a  Colored  Orphans'  Home,  the 
Baroness  Erianger  Hospital,  grain-elevators,  and  a  mar- 
ble custom-house.  It  has  also  a  fine  park,  which  embraces 
the  Chickamauga  battle-field,  and  a  national  cemetery. 
Among  the  products  of  its  manufactories  are  pumps,  sonp, 
leather,  railroad-iron,  steel,  woollen  goods,  furniture,  and 
carriages.  This  town  waS  occupied  by  the  Union  army 
September  9,  1863,  and  was  almost  entirely  destroyed  dur- 
ing the  civil  war.  General  Grant  gained  a  victory  at  Mis- 
sionary Ridge,  a  few  miles  from  Chattanooga,  on  November 
24,  1863.  This  is  sometimes  called  the  battle  of  Chatta- 
nooga. Incorporated  as  a  city  in  1851.  Pop.  in  1860, 
2545;  in  1870,  6093;  in  1880,  12,892;  in  1890,  29,100, 

Chattanooga  Creek  rises  in  Walker  co.,  Ga.,  runs 
nearly  N.,  and  enters  the  Tennessee  River  at  Chattanooga, 

Chattera\vah,ariverof Kentucky,    SeeSANOv River, 

Chat'teris,  a  town  of  Cambridgeshire,  England,  10 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Ely.     Pop.  of  parish,  4765. 

ChatHerpoor',  or  ChutUrapore'  (native,  Chhatm- 
pur),  a  petty  native  state  of  India,  in  Bundelcund,  with  a 
capital  town  of  the  same  name,  73  miles  S.E.  of  Jhansefe. 
Area,  1240  square  miles.     Pop.  120,000. 

Chal^tola'nee,  a  summer  resort  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md., 
about  13  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Baltimore. 

ChatHoo'ga,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  partly  drained 
by  the  Chattooga  River.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  moun- 
tains and  fertile  valleys,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests. 
The  soil  produces  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  pasture.  Among 
the  minerals  of  this  county  are  iron  ore,  limestone,  and 
marble.  The  county  is  intersected  by  the  Chattanooga, 
Rome  &  Columbus  Railroad.  Capital,  Summerville.  Pop. 
in  1870,  6902;  in  1880,  10,021;  in  1890,  11,202. 

Chattooga,  a  small  river  which  drains  part  of  Chat- 
tooga CO.,  Ga.,  runs  southwestward,  and  enters  the  Coosa 
River  in  Cherokee  co.,  Ala. 

Chattooga  River  rises  in  North  Carolina,  runs  south- 
westward,  and  forms  the  boundary  between  Rabun  co.,  Ga,, 


QUA 


860 


cnA 


and  Ocone«  oo.,  S.C^  until  it  unites  with  the  Tallulah.  The 
stream  formed  by  this  union  ia  the  Tugaloo  Kiver. 

ChatHoo'gnvillef  a  poit-offioe  of  Chattooga  oo.,  Oa. 

Chat'tra  (nno.  kihetra),  a  town  of  India,  in  Nepaul, 
In  lat.  26°  63'  N.,  Ion.  87°  4'  E.,  with  a  teniplo  of  Vishnu, 
groiUly  resorted  to  by  devotees. 

Chnu-Abnd,  lioloochistan.    See  Crarbar. 

Chanchiiia*  ohdw-ohee'n&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Anda- 
lusia, 12  miles  from  Granada.     Pop.  1833. 

Chaudes'Aigucs,  shSd-zaig'  (Lat.  Cnlen'tet  A'aum, 
"  warm  water"),  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Cantal,  12  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Saint-Flour.  Pop.  1948.  It  is  an  old,  rustic  town,  in  a 
narrow  gorge,  with  remarkable  hot  springs,  varying  in  tem- 
perature from  98°  to  212°  Fahr.,  which  are  extensively  used 
tor  baths,  washing,  and  warming  the  houses  of  the  town. 

Chaudefontaine,8hod'f6iJ»Uin'(t.e.,"  warm  spring"), 
a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  4  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of 
Liege,  on  the  Vesdre.  Pop.  973.  It  has  thermal  springs : 
'.emperattiro,  1 04°  Fahr.  The  village  is  finely  situated,  and 
its  baths  are  well  frequented. 

Chaadifere,  shu^de-aiR',  a  lake  of  Ontario  and  Quebec, 
is  an  expansion  of  the  river  Ottawa,  immediately  above 
Ottawa  City.  Length,  18  miles;  extreme  breadth,  5  miles. 
It  contains  a  number  of  islets,  and  terminates  in  the  Great 
and  Little  Chaudidre,  two  extraordinary  cataracts.  The 
principal  falls  are  60  feet  high  by  212  feet  wide. 

Ctiaudi^re^  a  river  of  Quebec,  rises  in  Lake  Megantic, 
and  joins  the  St.  Lawrence  7  miles  above  Quebec,  after  a 
N.N.W.  course  of  102  miles.  Its  course  is  frequently  in- 
terrupted by  picturesque  islands.  The  banks  are,  in  gen- 
eral, high  and  precipitous,  and  near  its  mouth  are  the 
Chaudi&ro  Falls,  upwards  of  100  feot  high. 

Chaudi^re  Junction,  or  Saint  Etienne,  ekst-i,^- 
te-fin',  a  post-village  at  the  junction  of  the  Levis  Branch 
with  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  in  Levis  oo.,  Quebec^  9  miles 
S.E.  of  Quebec.     Pop.  776. 

Chaudoo,  shoMSk',  or  Nangiang,  nin^zh.\ng',  a  west- 
ern province  of  the  French  colony  of  Cochin  China,  border- 
ing on  Cambodia.     Pop.  342,241. 

Cliaatfailles,  shof^fAl',  a  town  of  France,  in  Saflne- 
ct-Loire,  24  miles  W.S.W.  of  Macon.  Pop.  1993.  It  has 
manufactures  of  linens. 

Chau'ga,  a  post-office  of  Oconee  co.,  S.C,  7  miles  from 
Wnlhalla. 

Chaumont,  sho^mis"',  a  town  of  France,  capital  of  the 
department  of  llaute-Marne,  on  a  height  between  the  Marne 
and  Suize,  about  150  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Paris.  Pop. 
8491.  The  streets  are  steep,  but  it  is  well  built  and  pos- 
sesses good  public  edifices.  It  has  a  tribunal  of  commerce,  a 
public  library,  manufactures  of  woollens,  leather,  cutlery, 
and  gloves,  and  a  considerable  trade  in  iron  and  iron-wares. 

Chaumont,  a  town  of  France,  in  Oise,  14  miles  S.W. 
of  Beauvais.     Pop.  1269. 

Cliaumont,  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute-Savoie,  9 
miles  W.  of  Saint-Julien.     Pop.  683. 

Chaumont,  sho^mo',  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co., 
N.y.,  on  Chaumont  Bay,  a  part  of  Lake  Ontario,  in  Lyme 
township,  and  on  the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg  Rail- 
road, 12  miles  N.W.  of  Watertown.  It  has  a  good  harbor, 
large  fisheries,  and  quarries  of  fine  limestone ;  also  2 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  cheese,  flour,  and  lumber. 
Pop.  370. 

Chanraont>sur-Loire,sho^m6N<>'-siir-IwaR,  a  village 
of  France,  in  Loir-et-Cher,  on  the  Loire,  10  miles  S.W.  of 
Blois.     Pop.  1000. 

Chaun'cey,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dodge  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
.Macon  &  Brunswick  Railroad,  66  miles  S.S.E.  of  Macon. 
It  has  a  church,  a  lumber-mill,  and  large  pine  forests. 

Channcey,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co..  111.,  in  Petty 
township,  8  miles  N.  of  Sumner  Station.  It  has  3  churches, 
and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  100. 

Chauncey,  Tippecanoe  CO.,  Ind.  See  West  Lafayette. 

Chauncey,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  8  miles 
N.E.  of  Grand  Rapids. 

Channcey,  a  post-hamlet  of  Camden  co.,  Mo.,  8  miles 
S.E.  of  Linn  Creek. 

Chauncey,  a  post-village  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  on  tho 
Hocking  River  and  Canal,  1  mile  from  Salina  Railroad  Sta- 
tion, and  about  37  miles  W.  of  Marietta.  Coal  is  mined  here, 
and  salt  is  made  from  the  brine  of  salt-wells.     Pop.  201. 

Chauny,  shS^nee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Aisne,  mostly 
on  an  island  in  the  Oise,  at  a  railway  junction,  21  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Laon.  Pop.  8982.  It  has  an  active  trade  in 
cider,  linen  cloths,  and  hosiery;  and  it  is  a  depot  for  char- 
coal and  timber. 

Chaassey,  shS^si',  or  lies  Chausey,  eel  sho^z^',  a 
group  of  bare  and  rocky  islands  in  the  English  Channel, 


8  miles  from  tho  coast  of  France,  opposite  Granville.   Thi>i 
supply  kelp  and  excellent  granite. 

Chautauqua,  sh^taw'kw^,  a  oounty  in  tho  S.S.E.  part 
of  Kansas,  has  an  area  of  651  square  miles.  It  is  dnuncil 
by  Big  Cancy  and  Middle  Cancy  Creeks.  The  surface  ii 
level;  the  soil  is  fertile,  the  staple  product  being  Indian 
corn.  Building-  and  paving-sandstone,  limestone,  nmrblo 
and  granite  are  found  here  in  largo  quantities,  and  some 
coal.  The  county  is  intersected  by  2  railroad  syntoms. 
Capital,  Sedan.     Pop.  in  1880,  11,072;  in  18U0,  12,297, 

Chautauqua,  a  county  forming  the  W.  cxtreniity  of 
New  York,  has  an  area  of  about  1060  square  miles.  It  ii 
bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  Lake  Erie,  and  is  drained  by  tho 
Cassadaga,  ConeWango,  and  French  Creeks.  Among  its 
physical  features  is  Chautauqua  Lake,  which  is  about  17 
miles  long.  The  surface  is  pleasantly  diversified.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  Oats,  hay,  butter,  cattle,  wheat,  and  cheese  nre 
the  staple  ])roduots.  Devonian  sandstone  and  limestone 
boulders  are  found  here,  also  springs  of  carburetted  hydro- 
gen gns.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  New  York, 
Lake  Erie  A  Western,  the  New  York,  Chicago  <t  St.  Louis, 
the  Western  New  Y'ork  and  Pennsylvania,  and  the  Chau- 
tauqua Lake  Railroads,  the  two  latter  communicating  with 
Mayville,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  59,327;  in  1880, 
65,342  ;  in  1890,  75,202. 

Chautauqua,  a  post-village  of  Chautauqua  co.,  Kan- 
sas, 23  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Cedarvalo,  and  6  miles  (direct) 
S.  of  Sedan.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  public  school,  a 
broom  factory,  Ac.     Pop.  400. 

Chautauqua,  a  famous  summer  resort  of  Chautauqua 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  a  lake  of  the  same  name,  about  10  miles  N.W. 
of  Jamestown.  Here  on  the  lake  are  the  Chautauqua  As- 
sembly Grounds,  some  165  acres  in  extent,  and  containing 
500  or  more  summer  cottages,  a  museum  of  archieology,  nn 
amphitheatre  with  a  seating  capacity  of  6000,  several  liallg 
for  meetings,  and  numerous  other  appliances  for  combining 
recreation  with  instruction.  Large  numbers  of  students 
and  visitors  congregate  here  in  the  summer.  Chautauqua 
Lake,  about  8  miles  from  Lake  Erie,  is  16  or  18  miles  lung, 
extending  from  Mayville  southeastward  nearly  to  Jaiucs- 
town,  which  is  about  3  miles  from  the  foot  of  the  lake.  It 
is  1291  feet  above  tide-water,  and  726  feet  higher  than 
Lake  Erie.  Tho  width  varies  from  1  to  2J  miles.  Its  outlet 
issues  from  the  southeastern  end  and  enters  Conewango 
Creek,  passing  thence  through  the  Alleghany,  Ohio,  and 
Mississippi  Rivers  into  the  Atlantic.  It  is  a  beautiful 
sheet  of  water,  bounded  on  its  eastern  side  by  gravelly 
sloping  banks,  and  on  the  west  by  more  level  and  in  some 
places  marshy  shores. 

Chauvigny,  shoVeen'yee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vi- 
enne,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Montmorillon,  on  the  Vienne.  It 
has  manufactures  of  druggets.     Pop.  1911. 

Chaux-de-Fonds,  or  La  Chaux-de-Fonds,  1& 
sho-d^h-fiN",  a  town  of  Switzerland,  9  miles  by  rail  N.W. 
of  Neufchitel.  It  is  situated  at  the  foot  of  a  narrow  and 
savage  gorge  of  the  Jura,  at  an  elevation  of  3070  feet  above 
the  sea.  With  Locle,  this  is  the  chief  seat  of  the  manufac- 
ture of  watches  of  the  canton.     Pop.  22,456. 

Chaux-  (or  La  Chaux-)  du-Milieu,  sho-dii-mee*- 
le-uh',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chaux- 
de-Fonds.     Pop.  941. 

Chavanges,  shiVSszh',  a  town  of  France,  in  Aube,  19 
miles  E.  of  Arcis-sur-Aube.     Pop.  973. 

Chaves,  shi'vfis  (anc.  A'qum  Fla'viee),  a  town  of  Por- 
tugal, in  Tras-os-Montes,  44  miles  W.  of  Braganza,  on  the 
Tamega,  here  crossed  by  a  Roman  bridge  of  18  arches.  It 
has  hot  saline  springs.     Pop.  4871. 

Chaves,  sh&'vSs,  or  Villa  do  Ecuador,  veel'li  do 
ek-wi-dSn',  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  of  ParS.,  on  the  N. 
coast  of  the  island  of  Marajo,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Amazon. 
Lat.  0°  20'  S. ;  Ion.  49°  40'  W. 

Chaves,  or  Santa  Anna  de  Chaves,  s&n'tH  &n'n& 
di  shi'vds,  the  capital  town  of  the  island  of  St.  Thomas, 
Gulf  of  Guinea,  on  the  N.E.  side.     Pop.  2000. 

Chaville,  shVveel',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine-ct- 
Oise,  on  the  Seine,  1  mile  E.  of  Versailles.     Pop.  2310. 

Chayanta,  chl-in'ti,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  dcpartmcm' 
and  55  miles  N.  of  Potosi. 

Chayar,  chi-yar',  a  town  of  Chinese  Toorkistan,  on  the 
Chayar  River.     Lat.  41°  5'  N. ;  Ion.  83°  E. 

Chayenpoor,  a  town  of  India.     See  CHAiNPOon. 

Chay-Fang,  or  Tche-Fang,  chd-fing',  a  town  of 
China,  province  of  Yun-Nan,on  the  Lung-Tchuen,  125  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Shun-Ning.     Lat.  24°  13'  N. ;  Ion.  98°  10'  E. 

Chazelles-sur-Lyon,  shi'zfill'-8iiR-le-6N«',  a  town 
of  France,  in  Loire,  16  miles  E.  of  Montbrison.    Pop.  4716. 

Chazy,  shaz'ee',  a  post-village  of  Chazy  township,  Clin« 


CHA 


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on  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Little  Chazy  River,  14  miles  N.  of 
>lattsburg.  It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy.  The 
ownship  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Lake  Champlain,  and 
ntorsected  by  a  railroad  which  connects  Plattsburg  with 
[louse's  Point.  It  has  manufactures  of  cheese,  lime,  lum- 
)er,  and  starch,  and  contains  villages  named  Sciota  and 
West  Chazy.     Total  pop.  3074. 

Chazy  Lake,  Clinton  cc,  N.Y.,  is  about  4  miles  long, 
ind  20  miles  W.  of  Lake  Champlain. 

Chazy  River,  New  York,  rises  in  Chazy  Lake,  in 

linton  CO.,  runs  northeastward,  and  enters  Lake  Cham- 
lain  about  4  miles  S.  of  Rouse's  Point.     A  bed  of  Lower 

ilurian  limestone,  which  crops  out  near  this  river,  is  called 

hazy  limestone. 

Chea'dle,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Stafford,  8  miles 

.S.E.  of  Stoke-on-Trent.  Coal  and  limestone  abound  in 
he  vicinity.  Copper-,  brass-,  and  tin-works,  and  a  manu- 
ture  of  cotton  tape,  are  carried  on.     Pop.  2929. 

Cheag-Tchu,  a  village  of  China.     See  Chek-Ciioo. 

Cheap  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Cheatham  co.,  Tenn. 

Cheap'side,  a  post-village  in  Haldimaud  co.,  Ontario, 
13  miles  from  Cayuga.     Pop.  100. 

Cheapstovv,  a  village  of  Ontario.    See  Chepstow. 

Che'aput',  a  town  and  military  post  in  Sinde,  102  miles 
BT.  by  E.  of  Hyderabad.     Lat.  20°  62'  N. ;  Ion.  68°  34'  E. 

Cheatham,  cheet'am,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee, 
has  an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Cumberland  River,  and  also  drained  by  Ilarpeth  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests;  the  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  tobacco, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  traversed  in  the 
S.  by  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  <t  St.  Louis  Railroad. 
Capital,  Ashland  City.  Pop.  in  1870,  6678;  in  1880,  7956; 
in  1890,  8845. 

Cheatham's  Ferry,  a  hamlet  of  Lauderdale  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  Tennessee  River,  15  miles  below  Florence.  It  has  a 
grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Cheat  Alountain,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co., 
W.  Va.,  about  60  miles  S.  of  Grafton.  It  has  a  church,  a 
grist-mill,  and  a  seminary. 

Cheat  River,  West  Virginia,  rises  by  several  forks 
near  the  south  border  of  Randolph  co.,  runs  northward,  in- 
tersects Tucker  and  Preston  cos.,  and  enters  the  Monon- 
gahcla  River  at  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Fayette  co..  Pa. 
Length,  about  150  miles.  It  runs  through  a  hilly  country, 
in  which  bituminous  coal  is  found.  Its  branches  are  called 
the  Dry,  Glade,  and  Laurel  Forks.  The  upper  part  of  the 
main  stream  is  called  Shaver's  Fork. 

Cheb,  the  Bohemian  for  Eger. 

Chebanse,  she-banss',  a  post-village  of  Iroquois  co., 
111.,  in  Chebanse  township,  and  on  the  Chicago  Branch  of 
the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  64  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chicago, 
and  64  miles  N.N.E.  of  Champaign.  It  is  partly  in  Kan- 
kakee CO.  It  has  a  bank,  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  and 
a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  in  1890,  616 ;  of  township  (which 
contains  Clifton),  2282. 

Chebeague  (she-beeg')  Island,  a  post-office  of  Cum- 
berland CO.,  Me.,  on  an  island  in  Casco  Bay. 

Chebogue,  Nova  Scotia.     See  Cektkal  Chebogue. 

Cheboksari,  Tseheboksary,  ch4,-bok-sau'§,  or 
Tcheboksar,  chA.-bok-saK',  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  75  miles  W.N.W.  of  Kazan,  on  the  Volga.  It  is  built 
mostly  of  wood,  and  has  a  cathedral,  a  monastery,  a  town 
hall,  salt-magazines,  and  some  manufactures.     Pop.  3564. 

Cheboygan,  she-boy'gan,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of 
Michigan,  has  an  area  of  about  850  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake  Huron,  and  is  intersected  by 
Cheboygfin  River.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  lakes 
and  forests.  The  soil  produces  oats,  grass,  Ac.  Lum- 
ber is  the  chief  article  of  export.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Michigan  Central  Railroad.  Capital,  Cheboygan.  Pop.  in 
1870,  2196;  in  1880,  6524;  in  1890,  11,986. 

Cheboygan,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cheboygan  co., 
Mich.,  on  Lake  Huron,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Cheboygan 
River,  35  miles  N.E.  of  Petoskey.  It  has  a  bank,  3 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  grist-mill,  9  saw-,  5  shingle-, 
and  3  planing-mills,  3  machine-shops,  a  foundry,  and  3 
newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1880,  2269;  in  1890,  6235. 

Cheboygan  River,  Michigan,  rises  in  Otsego  co., 
runs  northward  through  Cheboygan  co.,  and  enters  Lake 
Huron  at  its  upper  end,  at  the  village  of  Cheboygan. 

Chebyn,  a  village  of  Egypt.     See  Sheybeen. 

Cheea,  chi'kS,,  a  town  of  Spain,  77  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Guadalajara.     Pop.  1251. 

Chechen,  Tchetchen,  or  Tschetschen,  chi- 
chSn',  an  island  of  the  Caspian  Sea,  off  its  W.  coast,  near 
Cape  Agrakhan. 


Chechentsi,Tchetchentzi,  or  Tschetschentzi, 

chi-ch5nt'see,  a  people  of  the  E.  part  of  Circassia,  whose 
country  lies  between  lat.  42°  30'  and  43°  40'  N.  and  Ion.  44° 
30'  and  46°  30'  E.,  having  N.  the  river  Terek,  E.  Daghes- 
tan,  AV.  Kabardah,  and  S.  the  Caucasus  chain,  dividing  it 
from  Georgia.  Cattle-rearing  is  the  chief  occupation.  The 
population  is  mostly  Mohammedan,  and  the  people  speak  a 
very  peculiar  language  and  number  about  120,000. 

Chechersk,  Tchetchersk,  or  Tschetschersk, 
chi-chfinsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  75  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Moheelcv.     Pop.  3500. 

Che-Ching,  chi^ching',  several  towns  of  China,  prov- 
inces of  Ho-Nan,  Kiang-See,  and  Pe-Chee-Lee. 

Checiny,  k5t-see'nee,  a  town  of  Poland,  9  miles  S.AV. 
of  Kielce,  on  the  Czarna.  There  are  quarries  of  fine  marble 
in  its  vicinity.     Pop.  5194. 

Checo,  chi'ko,  a  village  of  Chili,  province  of  Coquimbo, 
6  miles  E.  of  Copiapo,  with  copper-mines. 

Checo'tah,  a  station  in  the  Creek  country,  Indian  Ter- 
ritory, on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  136  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Denison. 

Chedabucto  (shed*a-buk'to)  Bay,  an  indentation  of 
the  N.E.  coast  of  Nova  Scotia,  at  the  S.  entrance  to  the 
Gut  of  Canso.     It  is  much  frequented  by  fishermen. 

Ched'dar,  a  village  and  parish  of  England,  in  Somer- 
setshire, 2  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Axbridge.  It  is  famed  for 
its  cheese.     Pop.  2200. 

Cheduba,  che-doo'b3,,  an  island  of  India,  in  Aracan, 
in  the  Bay  of  Bengal.  Lat.  18°  52'  N.;  Ion.  93°  27'  E. 
Area,  250  square  miles.  The  soil  is  fertile,  producing  good 
crops  of  rice,  hemp,  cotton,  sugar,  and  tobacco,  and  its  cattle 
and  petroleum  are  esteemed.  The  island  was  taken  from 
the  Burmese  in  1824.    Pop.  10,000. 

Chee-Choo,  chee'choo',  or  Tchi-Tcheoufou, 
chee^chi-oo^foo',  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Ngan-Hoei, 
near  the  Yang-tse-Kiang,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Ngan-King. 

Cheefood  (Tchifoud,  or  Tschifud)  Kale,  chee- 
food'  ki-ld',  a  town  of  the  Crimea,  2  miles  from  Bakhchee- 
Sarai,  on  a  limestone  height,  inhabited  by  Karaite  Jews. 

Cheekeeree,  a  river  of  Manchooria.    See  Chikiri. 

Cheek's  Creek,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  960. 

Cheektowa'ga,  or  Chictawau'ga,  a  post-township 
and  hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  about  6  miles  E.  of  Buffalo,  is 
intersected  by  the  New  York  Central  Railroad  and  by  the 
Erie  Railroad.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  and  manu- 
factures of  furniture  and  force-pumps.     Pop.  2298. 

Cheera,  Tchira,  or  Tschira,  chee'ri,  a  city  of 
Chinese  Toorkistan,  75  miles  E.S.E.  of  Khoten.    Pop.  10,000. 

Chee^run',  or  Cherand,  chi'riind',  a  town  of  British 
India,  Bengal,  on  the  Ganges,  7  miles  E.  of  Chuprah. 

Cheeta,  Tchita,  or  Tschita,  ohee'ta,  a  town  of 
Asiatic  Russia,  capital  of  Transbaikalia.     Pop.  2728. 

Cheetapoor,  India.    See  Seetapook. 

Chef-Boutonne,  shfif  boo^tonn',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Deux-Sevres,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Niort.     Pop.  1953. 

Chef  Menteur,  shSf  m6N<='tur',  a  station  in  Orleans 
parish,  La.,  on  the  New  Orleans  &  Mobile  Railroad,  20 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  New  Orleans,  on  the  peninsula  between 
Lakes  Borgne,  Catharine,  and  Pontchartrain.  Near  tho 
Chef  Menteur  inlet  stands  Fort  Macomb. 

Chefonte,  shee^foNt',  written  also  Chifuncte,  a  small 
river  of  Louisiana,  flows  S.  into  Lake  Pontchartrain. 

Che-Foo,  or  Tschifu,  chee-foo',  a  treaty-port  of 
China,  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  Shan-'Toong  promontory. 
Lat.  37°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  121°  22'  E.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  a 
fine  climate,  and  an  active  trade.     Pop.  30,000. 

Chegog'gin,  a  village  in  Yarmouth  co..  Nova  Scotia, 
on  the  sea-coast,  8  miles  from  Yarmouth.     Pop.  300. 

ChehaMis,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Washington, 
has  an  area  of  about  1600  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Cheha- 
lis  River.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  hills  and  valleys, 
and  forests  in  which  the  fir,  spruce,  ash,  maple,  <tc.,  aro 
found.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  potatoes, 
grass,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  The  county  is 
intersected  by  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  which  enters 
Montesano,  the  capitaL  Pop.  in  1870,  401:  in  1880,  921 ; 
in  1890,  9249. 

Chehalis,  a  post-village  of  Le  Sueur  co.,  Minn.,  8  miles 
direct  S.E.  of  Le  Sueur  Centre.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw- 
mill, and  a  common  school.     Pop.  100. 

Chehalis,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lewis  co.,  Wash- 
ington, is  50  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Kalama,  and  about  30  milea 
S.  of  Olympia.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  a  graded  school, 
2  newspaper  offices,  saw-  and  shingle-mills,  <tc.  Pop.  1309. 
Coal  is  found  here. 


OHE 


862 


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Chohalis  Point,  a  post-office  of  Chehalis  oo.,  Wash- 

lB|tOIl. 

Chehalis  River,  Washington,  drains  parts  of  Lewis 
•nd  Thuraton  eos.,  and  runs  nortliwestward  to  the  mouth 
of  the  Satsop  River.  Bclovr  this  point  it  runs  westward 
through  Chohalis  oo.  and  enters  Gray's  Harbor.  It  is  about 
12U  miles  long.  Its  valley  is  very  fertile,  and  varies  in 
width  from  15  to  50  miles.  Small  steamers  can  ascend  it 
45  miles  or  more  during  high  tide. 

Chc^ha\v',a  small  river  of  South  Carolina,  flowing  into 
6t.  Helena  Sound. 

Chehaw,  a  station  in  Maoon  co.,  Ain.,  on  the  Mont- 
gomery Ai  West  Point  Railroad,  39  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Mont- 
Komery,  at  the  junction  of  the  Tuakegee  Railroad. 

Chehl,  or  Chehel,  chda'l  ("forty"),  a  prefixed  name 
of  several  localities  in  Asia,  to  which  curious  Mohammedan 
legends  are  attached. 

Chchl-Bucha-Guin,chfiH'I-boo'chl-goom("  the  forty 
lost  children"),  a  place  of  pilgrimage  in  Afghanistan,  6 
miles  S.W.  of  Ghuznee. 

Chehl-Dochtur,  chSu'l-doK'toor*  ("the  forty  vir- 
gins"), a  shrine  in  Afghanistan.  Lat.  35°  7'  N. ;  Ion.  62° 
tt'  E. 

Chebl-Tan,  chfiH'1-tftn,  or  Kohi-Chihnlton,  ko'- 
hee-chee*hul-ton'  ("mountain  of  forty  bodies"),  a  lofty 
mountain  in  Bclooohiston,  immediately  S.  of  Mustung. 
Lat.  29°  40'  N.;  Ion.  66°  55'  E. 

Chek-Choo  or  Cheag-Tchn,  ehi'&g-choo,  a  village 
of  China,  in  Hong-Kong,  on  a  bay,  near  the  S.  extremity  of 
the  island.     Pop.  800,  employed  in  trade  and  farming. 

Che-Kiang,  or  Tche-Kiang,  cb6'ke-4ng',  a  mari- 
time province  of  China,  mostly  between  lat.  27°  and  31°  N. 
and  Ion.  117°  and  123°  E.,  having  E.  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
and  on  other  sides  the  provinces  of  Kiang-See,  Ngan-Hoei, 
and  Fo-Kien.  Area,  39,150  square  miles.  Surface  greatly 
diversified,  and  the  province  is  traversed  by  the  Great  Canal. 
Coasts  abrupt  and  greatly  indented.  It  is  one  of  the  most 
fertile  provinces  of  China.  Silk  is  the  principal  article  of 
export;  other  products  are  tea  in  the  S.,  and  cotton,  indigo, 
fruits,  camphor,  and  coal.  Its  manufactures  of  silks,  crape, 
gold  and  silver  stuffs,  and  paper,  are  in  high  repute  through- 
out the  empire,  and  largo  quantities  of  fermented  liquors 
are  made.  Che-Kiang,  comprising  the  Chusan  Islands,  is 
divided  into  11  departments.  Chief  cities,  Hang-Chow- 
Foo,  Ning-Po,  Shao-Hing,  AVen-Chow,  and  Chapoo.  Pop. 
26,25G,TS4. 

Cheksna,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Sheksna. 

CheMan',  a  lake  of  Washington,  is  about  30  miles  long 
and  4  or  5  miles  wide.  The  48th  parallel  of  N.  lat.  passes 
nearly  through  its  middle.  An  outlet  about  5  miles  long 
issues  from  it  and  enters  the  Columbia  River. 

Chelebi-  (or  Tchelebi-)  Bazar,  chdr?h-bee-ba,- 
lar',  a  town  of  Bosnia,  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bosna-Serai. 

Cheiek,  chiMSk',  a  village  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  pashalic 
of  Diarbekir,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Sert. 

Chelekhor  Lake,  a  lake  of  Alaska.    See  Iliamna. 

Chcliabinsk,  Tcheliabinsk,  or  Tscheljabinsk, 
chfil-yi-binsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Orenboorg, 
70  miles  N.N.W.  of  Troitsk.     Pop.  5187. 

Chelicoot,  Chelicout,  or  Chelicut,  chSre-koot',  a 
town  of  Abyssinia,  in  the  kingdom  of  Tigre,  10  miles  E.  of 
Antalo. 

Chelidonise,  the  ancient  name  of  Khelidoma. 

Chelif,  a  river  of  Algeria.    See  Shelliff. 

Cheligotf,  or  Cheligov.    See  Shelikoff. 

Chclin'dreh,  a  seaport  of  Asia  Minor,  40  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Selef  keh. 

Chelles,  shfill  (anc.  Cel'lee),  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine- 
et-Marne,  near  the  Marne,  10  miles  E.  of  Paris.  Pop.  1914. 
It  had  formerly  one  of  the  most  celebrated  abbeys  in  France, 
founded  by  the  queen  of  Clovis. 

ChePlnmbrum',  or  Churiumbrum',  a  town  of 
India,  presidency  of  Madras,  103  miles  S.E.  of  Arcot,  near 
the  mouth  of  the  Coleroon  River.     Pop.  10,000. 

Chclm,  K^lm,  called  also  Kholm  and  Great  Chelm, 
a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  42  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lublin.  Pop. 
4374.  It  has  a  fine  convent,  a  Catholic  college,  a  gymna- 
sium, and  a  Greek  seminary.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  Catholic 
bishop  of  the  Ruthenian  rite. 

Chel'mer,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Essex,  rises  near 
Thaxted,  and  flows  S.E.  by  Dunmow  and  Chelmsford  to 
Maldon,  where  it  joins  the  Blackwater. 

Chelmsford,  chSmz'f9rd,  a  town  of  England,  capital 
of  the  county  of  Essex,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Chelmer 
and  Cann  Rivers,  crossed  here  by  several  fine  bridges,  29 
miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  London.  The  town  is  well  built 
and  lighted ;  many  of  its  houses  have  gardens.     Principal 


buildings,  the  parish  church,  a  stately  fabric  in  the  deoo. 
rated  style,  the  grammar-school,  founded  by  Edward  IV. 
a  handsome  county  hull,  elognnt  assembly-rooms  and  corii 
exchange,  county  jail  and  house  of  correction,  theatre,  and 
public  library.  The  town  is  the  seat  of  assizes  and  local 
courts.  It  has  no  manufactures,  but  its  retail  trade  and 
grain-markets  are  extenaive.     Poj).  in  1891,  11,008. 

Chelms'fbrd,  a  post- township  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass. 
about  24  milts  N.W.  of  Boston,  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
Merrimao  River.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Old  Colony 
Railroad,  and  contains  villages  nau)ed  Chelnisfonl,  Norlli 
Chelmsford,  South  Chelmsford,  Centre  Chelmnford,  East 
Chelmsford,  and  West  Chelmsford.  It  has  4  churches,  an 
iron-foundry,  2  high  schools,  and  manufactures  of  ma 
chinery,  woollen  goods,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  2695. 

Chclmslbrd,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass., 
3i  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Lowell.     It  has  several  churches! 

Cheloiia,  ke-lo'nl,  a  mountain  on  the  N.  frontier  of 
Greece,  15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Artn,  on  the  E.  of  the  Gulf  of 
Arta,  6312  feet  in  elevation,  and  named  from  a  supposed  \ 
resemblance  to  a  tortoise.  | 

Chelsea,  chfil'see,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Middlesex,  ' 
forming  a  populous  S.W.  suburb  of  London,  on  the  N.  bank 
of  the  Thames,  here  crossed  by  bridges,  4i  miles  W.S.W.  of 
St.  Paul's.  It  has  many  handsome  thoroughfares  and  ter- 
races; among  the  former  are  Sloane  street,  the  King's  Road, 
and  the  line  of  old  mansions  along  the  river,  termed  Cheyne 
Walk.  Its  principal  edifice  is  the  noble  Hospital  for  Su- 
perannuated Soldiers,  founded  in  the  time  of  Charles  II., 
and  completed  by  Sir  Christopher  Wren  in  1692.  Near  it 
is  the  Military  School,  founded  by  the  Duke  of  York  in 
1801,  and  in  which  children  of  soldiers  are  maintained  and 
educated.  It  has  a  parish  church,  a  most  elegant  modern 
edifice,  in  the  decorated  Gothic  style;  an  old  church,  with 
monuments  to  Sir  Thomas  More  and  to  Sir  Haus  Sloane;  a 
normal  school  of  the  Church  of  England,  water-works  for 
the  supply  of  London,  the  Cadogan  Chain  Pier,  and  several 
floor-cloth  factories.     Pop.  of  Chelsea  parish  (1891),  96,272. 

Chelsea,  chjl'see,  a  post-village  of  the  Cherokee  Na- 
tion, Indian  Territory,  19  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Viuita. 
It  has  a  church. 

Chelsea,  a  post-village  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa,  13  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Toledo.  It  has  a  manufactory  of  half-busbcls, 
a  hotel,  and  an  elevator.     Pop.  300. 

Chelsea,  a  post-hamlet  ol  Butler  co.,  Kansas,  on  Walnut 
Creek,  and  in  Chelsea  township,  about  55  miles  S.W.  of 
Emporia.     Pop.  of  the  township,  287. 

Chelsea,  a  township  of  Kennebec  co..  Me.,  on  the  Ken- 
nebec, 5  miles  S.E.  of  Augusta.  It  has  a  United  States 
soldiers'  asylum  (National  Military  Home  Post-Ofiice)  at 
Togus  Springs,  and  manufactures  lumber,  brick,  &c.  P.  1239. 

Chelsea,  a  city  of  Sufiblk  co.,  Mass.,  is  a  northeastern 
suburb  of  Boston,  and  is  about  3  miles  from  the  state-house, 
on  the  Eastern  Railroad.  It  is  separated  from  Charlcstown 
and  Boston  proper  by  the  estuary  of  Mystic  River,  and  is 
bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  Chelsea  Creek,  which  separates  it 
from  East  Boston.  A  long  bridge  across  Mystic  River  con- 
nects it  with  Charlestown,  and  steam-ferries  run  to  Boston. 
Here  is  a  United  States  marine  hospital.  Chelsea  has 
printing-ofiices  which  issue  a  daily  and  4  weekly  news- 
papers, a  city  hall,  15  churches,  an  academy  of  music,  a 
masonic  hall,  2  national  banks,  2  savings-banks,  a  publio 
library,  and  manufactures  of  furniture,  stoves,  machinery, 
rubber  goods,  oil,  Ac.  Pop.  in  1880,  21,782;  in  1890, 
27,909. 

Chelsea,  a  post-village  of  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.,  17 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Ann  Arbor.  It  has  2  banks,  5  churches, 
a  union  school,  2  newspaper  oflices,  a  stove-factory,  a  foun- 
dry, a  pump-factory,  and  manufactures  of  ploughs,  sash, 
blinds,  Ac.     Pop.  1356. 

Chelsea,  a  hamlet  of  Richmond  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Staten 
Island  Sound,  in  Northfleld  township,  6  miles  N.W.  of 
Richmond  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Chelsea,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  in  Bethel 
township,  about  8  miles  W.  of  Chester.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  grist-mill. 

Chelsea,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Chelsea  township,  on  the  East  Branch  of  White  River, 
about  22  miles  S.  by  E.  from  Montpelier.  It  has  a  national 
bank,  an  academy,  2  churches,  and  a  manufactory  of  boota 
and  shoes.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1526. 

Chelsea,  a  post-village  of  Taylor  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Wis- 
consin Central  Railroad,  244  miles  N.W.  of  Milwaukee,  and 
22  miles  S.  of  Worcester.  It  has  a  lumber-mill.  Several 
small  lakes  and  forests  of  good  timber  occur  near  this  place. 

Chelsea,  a  post-village  in  Lunenburg  co.,  Nova  Scotia^ 
12  miles  W.  of  Bridgewater.     Pop.  200. 


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Chelsea,  a  post-village  in  Ottawa  co.,  Quebec,  on  the 
iatineau,  9  miles  N.AV,  of  Ottawa.  It  has  saw-mills  and 
n  extensive  lumber-trade.  Pop.  400. 
!.  Cheltenham,  chfilt'nam,  a  town  of  England,  8  miles 
jy  rail  E.N.E.  of  Glouceste'r,  and  90  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lon- 
pn,  on  the  Cholt,  a  tributary  of  the  Severn,  in  a  beautiful 
Sale,  sheltered  from  the  N.  and  E.  by  the  Cotswold  and  other 
Sills.  It  has  a  noble  high  street,  numerous  elegant  terraces, 
tjuares,  and  villas,  interspersed  with  trees  and  gardens. 

[■■he  saline  springs,  to  which  it  owes  its  increase,  are  fre- 
uented  by  a  host  of  fashionable  visitors.  They  are  4  in 
umber.  The  parish  church,  an  ancient  Gothic  structure, 
IS  surrounded  by  fine  avenues;  and  here  are  4  or  5  hand- 
jorae  subordinate  churches,  a  Roman  Catholic  chapel,  a 
wnagogue,  a  grammar-school  founded  in  1574,  2  colleges, 

1  normal  school,  a  female  orphan  asylum,  a  general  hos- 
ital  and  dispensary,  mechanics'  and  literary  and  philo- 
iophical  institutions,  a  zoological  garden,  a  theatre,  assem- 
ily-  and  concert-rooms,  and  a  market-house.  Pop.  44,519. 
I  Cheltenham,  chel't^n-am,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prince 
iJeorge's  co.,  Md.,  and  a  station  on  the  Baltimore  <fc  Potomac 
iilailroad  (Pope's  Creek  line),  48  miles  S.  of  Baltimore.  It 
fias  a  church.  Here  is  a  reform  school'for  colored  children. 
i  Cheltenham,  a  former  post-village  of  St.  Louis  co., 
JMo.,  on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of  St. 
iNouis  Court-IIouse.  It  has  been  annexed  to  St.  Louis, 
tiere  are  2  churches,  a  county  asj-lum  for  the  insane,  and 
jbxtensive  manufactures  of  crucibles,  fire-bricks,  retorts,  <fec. 
Fire-clay  abounds  here. 

i  Cheltenham,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa., 
pn  Tacony  Creek,  in  Cheltenham  township,  8  miles  N.  of 
Philadelphia.  The  township  contains  villages  named  Ash- 
bourne and  Shoemakertown,  and  is  intersected  by  the  North 
Pennsylvania  Railroad.  It  has  an  iron-furnace  or  forge,  and 
.2  or  3  manufactories  of  spades  and  hammers.  The  surface  is 
undulating,  and  diversified  by  hills  which  are  beautiful  sites 
ifor  residences  and  on  which  many  fine  villas  have  been 
ferected.  Pop.  2462.  Cheltenham  Station  on  the  Philadel- 
phia, Newtown  <!fc  New  York  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Phila- 
delphia, is  on  the  border  of  this  township,  in  Philadelphia 
00.    Here  is  Oxford  Church  Post-Office. 

Cheltenham,  a  post-village  in  Peel  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
river  Credit,  about  30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Toronto.  It  has 
saw-  and  flouring-mills.     Pop.  250. 

Cheltcn  Hills,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa., 
|on  the  North  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Phila- 
delphia. 

'■  Chelva,  chfil'vS,,  a  town  of  Spain,  38  miles  N.W.  of 
[Valencia.     Pop.  4400. 

Chelyuskin  (ohfil-yus'kin)  Peninsula,  the  extreme 
In.  of  the  mainland  of  Siberia,  is  about  50  miles  wide,  and 
i extends  upwards  of  100  miles  into  the  Arctic  Ocean.  At 
ithe  extremepoint  is  Cape  Chelyuskin,  or  Severe- Vostochnoi. 
1  Chem,  'Tchem,  chSm,  or  Tchem-Pira,  ch5m  pee'- 
!  ri,  a  river  of  the  Chinese  Empire,  rises  near  the  centre  of 
i  Manchooria,  flows  N.N.E.,  then  W.,  and  joins  the  Amoor 
I  after  a  course  of  about  100  miles. 

\     Chemainus,   she-mi'nus,    a    seaport    of   Vancouver 
f  Island,  British  Columbia,  56  miles  N.  of  Victoria. 
f     Chembar,  Tchembar,  or  Tschembar,  ch5m-baR', 
I  a  town  of  Russia,  government   and  66   miles  W.S.W.  of 
Penza.     Pop.  3948. 

Chemille,  sh§h-meeV^'>  a  town  of  France,  in  Maine- 
'  et-Loire,  19  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Angers.     It  has  man~u- 
factures  of  linen,  and  an  active  trade  in  cattle.    Pop.  3073. 
Chemistry,  kem'is-tree,  a  station  in  Middlesex  co., 
Mass.,  on  the  Watertown  Branch  of  the  Fitchburg  Railroad^ 
i  mile  E.  of  Waltham. 
Chemmis,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Akhmym. 
Chemnitz,K5m'nits,  atownof  Saxony, 20  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Zwickau,  on  the  Chemnitz,  an  affluent  of  the  Mulde,  at 
a  railway  j  unction.    It  is  the  principal  seat  of  cotton-weaving 
in  the  kingdom,  and  has  extensive  manufactures  of  hosiery, 
woollens,  linens,  and  machinery,  with  bleaching-  and  dye- 
ing-works, and  tanneries.     It  was  for  400  years  a  free  im- 
perial city,  and  display's  in  its  buildings  marks  of  its  an- 
tiquity.   Pop.  in  1885,  110,808.   Alt  Chemnitz,  ilt  K^m'- 
nits  ("  Old  Chemnitz"),  is  a  village  immediately  S.     Pop. 
1953.    ScHLOss  (shloss)  Chemnitz  ("Castle  Chemnitz")  is 
a  northern  suburb.     Pop.  1015. 

Chemung,  she-mung',  a  county  of  New  York,  border- 
ing on  Pennsylvania,  has  an  area  of  about  400  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Chemung  River,  and  also  drained 
by  Cayuta,  Newtown,  and  Wynkoop's  Creeks.  The  surface 
is  diversified  by  broad,  high  hills,  and  valleys  which  are 
deep  and  narrow,  except  Chemung  Valley,  which  is  broad 
and  deep.    "  The  topography  of  this  county,"  says  James 


Hall,  the  geologist,  "  is  very  simple.  The  Chemung  River 
passes  through  its  southwestern  part,  and  opens  a  broad  and 
beautiful  valley,  bounded  by  a  range  of  hills  which  are  only 
broken  by  the  lateral  streams  flowing  to  the  river."  He 
adds,  "The  Chemung  Valley,  extending  from  the  head  of 
Seneca  Lake  to  the  Chemung  River,  is  the  most  prominent 
feature  in  the  county."  The  soil  is  generally  fertile.  Hay, 
butter,  oats,  lumber,  Indian  corn,  and  wheat  are  the  staple 
products.  Devonian  sandstone  of  the  Chemung  group  un- 
derlies the  surface.  This  county  has  plenty  of  timber.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Northern  Central,  the  Delaware,  Lack- 
awanna &  Western,  the  New  York,  Lake  Erie  &  Western, 
the  Lehigh  Valley,  and  the  Elmira,  Cortland  <fc  Northern 
Railroads,  and  the  Chemung  Canal.  Capital,  Elmira.  Pop. 
in  1870,  35,281;  in  1880,  43,065;  in  1890,  48,265. 

Chemung,  a  post-village  of  McHenry  co.,  111.,  in  Che- 
mung and  Dunham  townships,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  North-- 
western  Railroad,  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rockford.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  flour-mill.  Chemung  township  contains  the 
village  of  Harvard  and  a  cheese-factory.     Total  pop.  2222. 

Chemung,  a  post- village  of  Chemung  co.,  N.Y.,  is  in  a 
township  of  the  same  name,  on  the  Chemung  River,  and 
on  the  Erie  Railroad,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Elmira.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  cheese-factory,  an  academy,  about  60  houses, 
and  2  grist-  mills.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2002. 

Chemung  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Chemung  co.,  N.Y. 

Chemung  Junction,  a  station  4i  miles  N.  of  Elmira, 
N.Y.,  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of 
the  Utica,  Ithaca  <fc  Elmira  Railroad. 

Chemung  River  is  formed  by  the  Tioga  and  Conhocton 
Rivers,  which  unite  in  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  about  2  miles 
above  Corning.  It  runs  nearly  southeastward,  intersects 
Chemung  co.,  and  enters  the  North  Branch  of  the  Susque- 
hanna in  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  2  miles  S.  of  Athens.  Elmira 
is  the  largest  town  on  this  river,  which  is  about  60  miles 
long  and  irrigates  a  broad  and  beautiful  valley  bounded  by  . 
high  and  verdant  hills. 

Chemungville,  Michigan.    See  Oak  Grove. 

Chenango,  she-nang'go,  a  county  of  New  York,  is 
near  the  middle  of  the  state.  Area,  about  750  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Unadilla  River,  is  intersected 
by  the  Chenango  and  Susquehanna  Rivers,  and  also  drained 
by  the  Genegantslet  and  Otselic  Rivers.  The  surface  ia 
finely  diversified  by  high  ranges  of  hills  with  broad  sur- 
faces, and  with  deep  valleys  more  or  less  level.  It  is  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  beech,  elm,  hickory, 
sugar-maple,  white  oak,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile 
and  adapted  to  pasturage.  Butter,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  milk, 
Indian  corn,  and  hops  are  the  staple  products.  Devonian 
limestone  and  sandstones  of  the  Chemung  and  Catskill 
groups  crop  out  here  and  supply  good  materials  for  building. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  New  York,  Ontario  & 
Western  Railroad,  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western 
Railroad,  and  by  the  Chenango  Canal,  which  pass  through 
Norwich,  the  capital.  The  railroad  of  the  Delaware  &  Hud- 
son Canal  Company  crosses  the  S.E.  portion  of  the  county. 
Pop.  in  1870,  40,564;  in  1880,  39,891;  in  1890,  37,776. 

Chenango,  atownship  of  Broomeco.,  N.Y.  Pop.  1630. 
See  Chenango  Forks. 

Chenango,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co.,  Pa. 

Chenango,  a  post-village  of  Brazoria  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Cblumbia  division  of  the  International  &  Great  Northern  . 
Railroad,  37  miles  S.  of  Houston. 

Chenango  Bridge,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Broome 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Chenango  River,  and  on  the  Syracuse, 
Binghamton  &  New  York  Railroad,  5  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Binghamton.     It  has  a  church. 

Chenango  Forks,  a  post-village  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y., 
is  on  the  Chenango  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Tioghnioga, 
and  on  the  Syracuse,  Binghamton  <fc  New  Y'ork  and  Utica, 
Chenango  <fc  Susquehanna  Railroads,  11  miles  N.  by  E. 
from  Binghamton.  A  small  part  of  this  village  is  in  Che- 
nango CO.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flouring-mill,  a  saw-mill, 
and  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  about  800. 

Chenango  River,  New  York,  rises  near  the  bound- 
ary between  Madison  and  Oneida  cos.  It  runs  southward 
through  Madison,  and  intersects  Chenango  co.  Below  Nor- 
wich it  runs  southwestward,  and  enters  the  Susquehanna 
River  at  Binghamton.  It  is  about  100  miles  long,  and  flows 
through  a  deep  valley.  The  Chenango  Canal  follows  tho 
windings  of  this  river  from  its  source  to  its  mouth,  and, 
connects  Utica  with  Binghamton. 

Che'naub',  Chenab,  or  Chinab,  chee'n^b'  (anc. 
Aces'inea),  the  central  river  of  the  Punjab,  between  the 
Jhylum  (anc.  Uydaa'pes)  N.W.  and  the  Ravee  (anc.  Uy- 
drao'tes)  S.E.,  both  of  which  rivers  are  its  affluents.  It 
joins  the  Sutlej  (anc.  Hyph'asia)  near  Ooch,  in  lat.  29"  21'. 


CHE 


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CUE 


N.,  Ion.  71°  8'  E.,  after  a  generally  S.W.  course,  estimated 
»t  700  miles,  and  in  the  latter  part  of  which  it  is  from  ^  to 
If  miles  Boross  and  sometimes  14  feet  in  depth.  The 
nnited  stream  is  then  culled  Punjab  (five  rivers).  The 
towns  Tandeo,  Kishtawar,  Jhung,  Mooltan,  and  Shooju- 
abad  are  on  its  banks,  and  it  is  navigable  for  rafts  from 
the  SutleJ  to  Agnur,  about  300  miles  from  its  source. 

Chendarec,  a  district  of  India.    See  Cranderee. 

Cbendit  a  town  of  Africa.    See  S bendy. 

Chdne,  shain,  or  Ch^nO'Thonex,  shain-to^nAx',  a 
Tillage  of  Switr.orland,  2  miles  E.  of  Geneva.     Pop.  1699. 

Ch^n^e,  eh^^n^',  a  village  of  Belgium,  8  miles  by  rail 
S.W.  of  Liege,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Ourthe  and  Vesdre, 
which  a  little  below  forms  a  cascade.  It  has  iron-  and 
fine-works.     Pop.  3300. 

Chenerailles,  sh&^n^h-r&I',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Creuee,  10  miles  N.  of  Aubusson.     Pop.  1099. 

Che'ney,  a  post-village  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas,  about 
24  miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Wichita, 

Cheney,  Michigan,  a  station  at  Perb  Chenet. 

Cheney,  a  post- village  of  Lancaster  oo.,  Neb.,  10  miles 
by  rail  S.B.  of  Lincoln.     It  has  2  churches. 

Cheneyville,  chi'ne-vll,  a  post-villoge  of  Rapides 
parish,  La.,  on  Bayou  Boeuf,  about  40  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Opelousas.     It  has  3  churches. 

Cheng-Te,  or  Tcheng-Te,  chJngHi',  an  island  off 
the  S.  extremity  of  Corea,  45  miles  W.  of  the  island  of 
Tsoosima  (Tsusima). 

Cheugwatona,  township,  Pine  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  101. 

Chenin'go,  a  post-office  of  Cortland  co.,  N.Y. 

Chenoa,  she-no'ah,  a  post-village  of  McLean  co.,  III., 
In  Chenoa  township,  at  the  point  where  the  Chicago  &  Alton 
Kailroad  crosses  the  Toledo,  Peoria  <fc  Warsaw  Railroad,  23 
miles  N.E.  of  Bloomington,  and  56  miles  E.  of  Peoria.  It 
has  2  banks,  6  churches,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop. 
about  1000;  pop.  of  the  township,  2351. 

Chenonceaux,  sh^h-ndNx^sO',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Indro-et-Loire,  on  the  Cher,  near  BI6r6.  It  has  a  fine  old 
castle,  and  silk-culture  receives  much  attention. 

Chen-Si,  a  province  of  China.    See  Shen-See. 

Cheo'ah,  a  township  of  Cherokee  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1427. 

Che^ohee',  a  post-office  of  Oconee  co.,  S.C,  13  miles 
N.  of  Walhalla. 

Cheoo,  Tcheon,  ch4-oo',  written  also  Tchoo, 
Choo,  or  Tchon  and  Cho^v,  a  Chinese  word,  signify- 
ing properly  a '•  town  of  the  second  class,"  but  very  fre- 
quently joined  with  Foo  (a  "city  of  the  first  class")  in  the 
same  name;  as  in  Hanc-Chow-Foo. 

Che'o-i*o',  a  seaport  town  of  China,  province  of  Fo- 
Kien,  S.W.  of  Amoy,  and  opposite  the  island  of  Formosa. 

Cheou- Yang-Chan,  China.  See Sheoo- Yang-Shan. 

Chepachet,  che-pach'?t,  a  hamlet  of  Herkimer  oo., 
N.Y.,  i  mile  from  Cedarville  Station. 

Chepachet,  a  post-village  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  in 
Gloeester  township,  about  16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Providence- 
It-has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  cotton  and  woollen 
goods.     Pop.  619. 

Chepilio,  chi-peel'yo,  an  island  in  the  bay  and  off  the 
S.  coast  of  the  Isthmus  of  Panama.  Lat.  8°  57'  N. ;  Ion. 
79°  9'  W. 

Chepo,  cbi'po,  a  river  and  town  of  the  United  States 
of  Colombia,  state  of  Panama,  and  in  the  narrowest  part  of 
the  isthmus.  The  river  enters  the  Pacific  18  miles  E.  of 
Panama;  and  a  little  above,  where  it  is  navigable,  is  the 
town,  an  entrepOt  for  traffic  with  the  Indians. 

Chepstow,  chSp'sto,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Mon- 
mouth, on  the  Wye,  near  its  junction  with  the  Severn,  14i 
miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Newport.  The  town  is  built  on  a 
slope  between  bold  cliffs,  with  a  handsome  iron  bridge  over 
the  Wye.  It  has  a  church,  formerly  a  convent,  founded  in 
the  reign  of  King  Stephen,  two  ancient  and  well-endowed 
hospitals  for  the  poor,  a  workhouse,  a  small  theatre,  and 
on  a  cliff  overhanging  the  river  are  the  picturesque  remains 
of  a  castle.  Ship-building  is  carried  on ;  and  Chepstow  ex- 
ports corn,  cider,  bark,  iron,  coal,  and  mill-stones.  The 
tide  here  sometimes  rises  60  and  even  70  feet,  and  flows 
with  great  rapidity.  In  the  vicinity  are  the  beautiful  ruins 
of  Tintern  Abbey.     Pop.  3347. 

Chep'stOAV,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Kansas. 

Chepstow,  or  Cheapstow,  a  post-village  in  Bruce 
eo.,  Ontario,  8  miles  from  Walkcrton.     Pop.  100. 

Cheptsa,  or  Tscheptza,  chSpt'sS.,  a  river  of  Russia, 
government  of  Viatka,  joins  the  river  Viatka  near  the  city 
of  the  same  name,  after  a  W.  course  of  250  miles. 

Chepultepec,  Blount  co.,  Ala.    See  Chapultepec. 

Che'qnest',  a  township  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
994.     It  cc'ntains  Lebanon. 


Che'qnest'  Creek,  Iowa,  rises  in  Davis  co.,  rnsi 
southeastward  into  Van  Buren  co.,  and  enters  the  Bet 
Moines  River  about  3  miles  W.N.W.  of  Kcosauqua. 

Cher,  shain,  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  the  department 
of  CrouBO,  flows  generally  northwestward,  through  the  do- 
partments  of  Allier,  Cher,  Loir-et-Chcr,  and  Indre-ct-Loire, 
and  joins  the  Loire  12  miles  below  Tours.  Length,  about 
220  miles.  The  principal  affluents  are  the  Tardes,  Arnon 
Evre,  and  Saudre.  The  towns  of  Montlufon,  Saint-AuiandJ 
Vierzon,  and  BI6r6  are  on  its  banks. 

Cher,  a  central  dcimrtment  of  France,  situated  between  j 
the  departments  of  Allier,  Niftvre,  Loirct,  Loir-et-Chcr,  and 
Indre,  and  between  lat.  46°  25'  and  47°  39'  N.  and  Ion.  l' 
66'  and  3°  10'  E.     Area,  2747  square  miles.     The  climate 
is  temperate.    The  surface  is  mostly  level,  and  generally   i 
wooded.     The  principal  rivers  are  the  Cher  and  Loire,  along   I 
both  of  which  is  much  fertile  land.     Corn  and  wino  are    i 
largely  produced ;  sheep  are  numerous,  and  trade  is  mostly    | 
in  rural  produce.   It  has  mines  of  iron  and  coal  and  quarries    | 
of  marble.     The  chief  manufactures  are  woollen  goods,  cut- 
lery, and  porcelain.   Capital,  Bourges.   Cher  is  divided  into 
3  arrondissements,  Bourges,  Saint-Amand,  and  Sancerre. 
Pop.  351,405. 

Chera'na  River,  Washington,  runs  southward,  and 
enters  the  Palouse  River  about  12  miles  from  its  mouth. 
It  is  nearly  120  miles  long. 

Cherasco,  ki-rls'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  on 
the  Tanaro,  near  the  influx  of  the  Stura,  32  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Turin.  Its  exact  quadrangular  form  indicates  that  it  occupies 
the  site  of  a  Roman  town ;  it  is  enclosed  with  walls,  and  at 
the  end  of  each  principal  street  is  a  fine  modern  arch.  It 
is  supplied  with  water  by  a  canal,  which  also  turns  several 
silk-mills,  and  it  has  a  trade  in  wine  and  silk.     Pop.  8866. 

Ch6ratte,  shdV&tt',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and 
8  miles  N.E.  of  Liege.     Pop.  2550. 

Che'raw,  a  post-village  and  railroad  junction  of 
Chesterfield  co.,  S.C,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Great  Pedee 
River,  near  the  head  of  steam  navigation,  about  13  miles 
S.E.  of  Chesterfield  Court-House.  It  is  the  northern 
terminus  of  the  Cheraw  &  Darlington  Railroad.  It  has 
private  and  graded  schools,  a  bank,  machine-works,  7 
churches,  and  a  weekly  newspaper  office.     Pop.  976. 

Cherbonrg,  sh^R'burg  (Fr.  pron.  shaiR^boou' ;  L.  Caro- 
hur'gus  ;  anc.  Coriallumt),  a  fortified  seaport  town  and  im- 
portant naval  station  of  France,  department  of  Manche,  on 
the  English  Channel,  at  the  N.  end  of  the  peninsula  of 
Cotentin,  about  85  miles  W.  of  Havre.  It  is  connected  by 
rail  with  the  principal  towns  of  France.  Lat.  49°  40'  N. ; 
Ion.  1°  35'  W.  Pop.  in  1891,  38,554.  Its  climate  is  milJ. 
The  houses  are  of  stone,  and  slated ;  the  principal  buildings 
are  the  military  and  naval  arsenals  and  hospitals,  a  curious 
church,  the  town  hall,  theatre,  and  barracks.  The  commer- 
cial and  naval  ports  are  quite  distinct  from  each  other.  The  ' 
commercial  ports  consist  of  a  harbor  and  a  basin,  1338  feet 
long  and  416  feet  wide.  The  basin  communicates  with  the 
harbor  by  dock-gates,  which  prevent  the  reflux  of  the  water. 
The  channel  from  the  harbor  to  the  sea  is  1968  feet  long 
and  1 64  feet  wide,  lined  by  a  granite  quay  with  parapets. 
In  this  channel  there  is  always  19i  feet  of  water.  The 
Port  Militaire  and  Arsenal  de  la  Marine  consist  of  a  port 
984  feet  long  and  754  feet  wide,  capable  of  containing  50 
large  ships  of  war,  and  accessible  at  all  times  of  tide  for 
vessels  of  the  largest  class ;  a  floating  basin,  closed  by  lock- 
gates;  and  a  third  basin.  These  basins  have  been  exca- 
vated from  the  solid  slate  rock  which  forms  the  foundation 
of  the  entire  yard,  the  two  former  to  the  depth  of  56  feet. 
There  are  4  slips  for  vessels  of  the  largest  size,  the  roofs  of 
which,  85  feet  high,  rest  on  arches  supported  by  piers  of 
granite  and  slate.     Adjoining  these  slips  is  a  dry-dock. 

The  great  work,  however,  for  which  Cherbourg  is  cele- 
brated is  the  digue,  or  breakwater,  stretching  across  tlie 
roadstead,  which,  though  protected  on  three  sides  by  the 
land,  was  open  to  the  heavy  seas  from  the  N.  The  digue 
was  commenced  under  Louis  XVI.,  continued  by  Napoleon 
I.,  and  finished  in  1858.  It  is  2i  miles  from  the  harbor,  in 
water  varying  from  42  to  62  feet  deep.  Its  proportions  are — 
length,  4120  yards;  breadth  at  base,  262  feet;  at  top,  102 
feet.  The  foundation  was  laid  by  sinking  large  caissons  of 
timbers,  loaded  with  stones;  but  this  plan  did  not  succeed, 
and  another  scheme  was  resorted  to,  of  forming  a  bank  of 
small  stones  and  covering  them  with  solid  blocks.  This 
was  continued  to  the  time  of  Napoleon,  who  directed  the 
formation  of  a  fort  on  the  centre  of  the  digue.  The  passage 
or  entrance  E.  of  the  digue  is  3280  feet  wide,  and  that  to 
the  W.  9873  feet.  A  fort  and  light-house  occupy  the  cen- 
tre of  the  digue,  and  there  are  also  light-houses  at  each  en- 
trance to  the  roadstead,  and  one  at  the  entrance  to  the 


* 


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865 


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ommeroial  port.  The  defences  consist  of  the  batteries  of 
i'ort  National,  of  100  guns,  on  the  Isle  of  Pelee,  and  many 

ther  forts,  which  render  Cherbourg,  if  not  impregnable 
rom  the  sea,  at  least  very  difficult  of  attack.  On  the  land 
ido  fortifications  have  been  constructed. 

Cherbourg  is  the  seat  of  a  tribunal  of  first  resort,  a  mari- 
ime  tribunal,  and  a  prefecture.  It  has  a  school  of  navi- 
;ation,  communal  college,  public  library,  marine  library, 
heatre,  museum,  and  cabinet  of  natural  history.  Its  prin- 
cipal industry  is  centred  in  the  works  of  the  dock-yard, 
there  are,  however,  chemical  works,  sugar-  and  sait-re- 
Jneries,  dye-works,  tanneries,  stocking-manufactories,  and 
I  lace-factory  employing  350  females. 

Cherbourg  occupies  the  site  of  a  Roman  station.  "William 
ihe  Conqueror  founded  a  hospital  in  it,  and  built  the  Castle 
phurch.  The  castle,  in  which  Henry  II.  frequently  resided, 
bras  one  of  the  strongholds  of  Normandy,  and  escaped  the 
fate  of  the  town,  which,  about  1205,  was  pillaged  by  an 
Pnglish  fleet  from  Yarmouth ;  but  it  afterwards  sustained 
three  memorable  sieges, — in  1378,  1418,  and  1450. 

Cherchell,  or  Shershell,  shSr^shil'  (anc.  Cmarea), 
a  seaport  town  of  Algeria,  55  miles  W.S.W.  of  Algiers.  The 
walls  of  the  ancient  city,  with  remains  of  an  amphitheatre 
jfind  other  buildings,  are  still  traceable.  The  port  is  shal- 
low, and  exposed  to  north  winds,  though  protected  by  a 
rocky  island.     Pop.  3074. 

Cherchemba,  Asiatic  Turkey.    See  Charshumba. 

Cherdyn,  Tcherdyn,  or  Tscherdyn,  chfiR-din',  a 
itown  of  Russia,  government  and  162  miles  N.  of  Perm,  on 
'the  Kolva,  near  its  confluence  with  the  Vishera.    Pop.  3126. 

Cheremshim,  or  Tcheremshim,  chi-rdm-shim',  a 
river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  government  of  Orenboorg,  flows 
N.^y.  into  the  government  of  Simbeersk,  and  joins  the 
Volga,  after  a  course  of  about  130  miles. 

Cherepovetz,  Tcherepovetz,  or  Tscherepo- 
vetz,  ch5n-i-po-v5ts',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and 
250  miles  E.N.E.  of  Novgorod,  on  the  Sheksna.    Pop.  1000. 

Cher'hill,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Wilts,  2i  miles 
E.  of  Calne.  Near  the  village  is  a  chalk  hill,  the  highest 
ground  between  London  and  Bath ;  on  the  summit  is  a 
Danish  camp,  and  in  the  turf  is  cut  the  colossal  figure  of  a 
horse,  visible  25  miles  distant. 

Cheribon,or  Sheribon,  sh3r'e-bon\  a  town  of  Java, 
on  its  N.  coast,  125  miles  E.S.E.  of  Batavia.  Pop.  11,000. 
It  is  the  residence  of  a  Dutch  governor,  and  has  a  fort,  and 
a  church  founded  in  1841,  with  a  trade  in  cofTce,  indigo, 
teak,  &c.     Pop.  of  residency,  929,790. 

Cherikov,  Tcherikov,  or  Tscherikov,  chSs-e- 
kov',  written  also  Tchirikov,  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment and  40  miles  S.E.  of  Smolensk,  on  the  Sozh. 

Cherino,  Nacogdoches  co.,  Tex.    See  Chikeno. 

Cherkasee,  Tcherkasi,  or  Tscherkassy,  chSR- 
ki'see,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  95  miles  S.E.  of 
Kiev,  on  the  Dnieper.     Pop.  14,433. 

Cherkask,  or  Staroi  Tschcrkask,  sti-roi'  cMn- 
kisk'  (i.e.,  "Old  Cherkask"),  a  town  of  Russia,  in  the  Don 
Cossack  country,  N.  of  the  Don,  near  its  mouth,  and  on  an 
island  formed  between  it  and  the  Aksai,  45  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Azof.  It  has  a  church  founded  by  Peter  the  Great.  Its 
Tartar  church,  old  chancery,  academy,  town  hall,  prisons, 
Ac,  are  constructed  of  timber.  The  population  is  mostly 
of  Greek  descent,  but  its  streets  present  a  curious  intermix- 
ture of  nations.  It  maintains  an  export  trade  in  fish,  iron, 
caviare,  and  wine.     Pop.  5939. 

Cherkask,  Nowo  or  Novo.    See  Novo-Cherkask. 

Cherkesh,  Tcherkesh,  or  Tscherkesch,  chjR^- 
kish',  written  also  Tchirkis,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  in 
Anatolia,  60  miles  E.  of  Boli.     Pop.  3000. 

Cherkessia,  a  country  of  Asia.     See  CincAssiA. 

Gherkin,  or  Tcherkin,  chfiR'kin',  a  town  of  Abys- 
finia,  state  and  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Gondar.  It  has  large 
markets  for  cattle. 

Chern,  Tchern,  or  Tschern,  chfiRn,  a  town  of  Rus- 
sia, government  and  61  miles  S.S.W.  of  Toola.     Pop.  3717. 

Chernavoda,Tchernavoda,orTschernawoda, 
ch^R-ni-vo'dS,,  a  town  of  Roumania,  on  the  Danube,  39  miles 
by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Kustendji. 

Chernaya,  Tchernaya,  or  Tschernaya,  chSR- 
ni'i,  a  small  stream  of  Russia,  in  the  Crimea,  flowing  N.W. 
into  the  head  of  the  bay  on  which  Sevastopol  is  situated. 

Chernetz,  Tchernetz,  or  Tschernetz,  chfia-nets', 
a  town  of  Roumania,  on  the  Danube,  nearly  opposite  Gla- 
dova.  Here  was  anciently  the  Roman  station  Terinea  (/), 
and  near  it  are  the  remains  of  Trajan's  bridge. 

Chernianka,  a  town  of  Russia.   See  Novo  Evanovka. 

Chernigov,  Tchernigof,  Tschernigow,  or 
Czernigow,  chjR-ne-gov'j  a  government  of  Russia^  in 


"Little  Russia,"  between  lat.  50°  20'  and  53°  10'  N.  and 
Ion.  30°  20'  and  34°  40'  E.,  having  AV.  the  Dnieper,  sepa- 
rating it  from  the  governments  of  Minsk  and  Kiev  (Rus- 
sian Poland),  and  on  other  sides  the  governments  of  Mo- 
heelev,  Orlof,  Koorsk,  and  Poltava.  Area,  20,232  square 
miles.  Pop.  1,659,600.  The  surface  is  mostly  level,  and 
well  watered.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  the  climate  dry, 
healthy,  and  comparatively  mild.  The  principal  rivers  are 
the  Desna,  with  its  affluents,  the  Ipoot,  Seim,  Snov,  and 
Oster,  all  of  which  have  a  W.  or  S.W.  direction.  The  chief 
crops  are  rye,  barley,  and  oats,  with  large  quantities  of 
flax,  hemp,  tobacco,  and  hops.  Cattle,  horses,  sheep,  and 
hogs  are  numerously  reared.  Distilling  and  weaving  are 
somewhat  important.  The  principal  exports  are  cattle,  tal- 
low, corn,  hides,  spirits,  honey,  wax,  potash,  and  hemp- 
seed.  The  government  is  divided  into  15  sircles.  The 
principal  towns  are  Chernigov,  Nezheen,  Glookhov,  Staro- 
doob,  Mgleen,  and  Novgorod-Severskoie. 

Chernigov,  Tchernigof,  TsehernigoAV,  or 
Czernigow,  a  town  of  Russia,  capital  of  the  above  gov- 
ernment, is  situated  on  the  Desna,  80  miles  N.N.E.  of  Kiev. 
Lat.  51°  27'  N. ;  Ion.  31°  18'  E.  It  is  the  see  of  an  arch- 
bishop, and  has  a  cathedral,  built  in  1024,  a  strong  citadel, 
an  episcopal  palace,  several  monasteries,  an  orphan  asylum, 
and  a  college.  It  is  the  seat  of  military  and  civil  gov- 
ernors. After  an  obstinate  resistance,  it  was  taken  and 
almost  razed  by  the  Tartars  in  1239.  The  Poles  captured 
it  in  1617.     Pop.  17,096. 

Chernomorsk,  Tschernomorsk,  chSR-no-moRsk', 
or  Chernomo'ria  (i.e.,  "Black  Sea"),  a  government  or 
military  district  of  Russia,  in  Transcaucasia,  consisting  of  a 
long,  narrow  strip  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  the  Black  Sea, 
bounded  landward  by  the  crest  of  the  Caucasus.  It  is  a 
part  of  what  was  once  Circassia.  Area,  2741  square  miles. 
Pop.  15,703. 

Chernovitz,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Czernowitz. 

Chernoyarsk,  Tchernoiarsk,  Tschernojarsk, 
ch^R-no-yaRsk',  or  Chernojar,  chdR-no-yan',  a  fortified 
town  of  Russia,  government  and  150  miles  N.N.W.  of  As- 
trakhan, on  the  right  bank  of  the  Volga.     Pop.  4917. 

Cher'okee',  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Alabama, 
has  an  area  of  about  650  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Coosa  River,  The  surface  is  diversified  by  high  hills 
and  ridges,  and  is  partly  covered  with  extensive  forests  of 
pine,  oak,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fer- 
tile. Indian  corn,  cotton,  grass,  and  wheat  are  the  stapln 
products.  Two  branches  of  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia 
&  Georgia  Railroad  traverse  the  county,  one  north  of  the 
Coosa  River,  the  other  its  S.E.  part.  Capital,  Centre.  Pop. 
in  1870,  11,132;  in  1880,  19,108;  in  1890,  20,459. 

Cherokee,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Georgia. 
Area,  409  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Etowah 
River.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly  and  partly  undulating, 
and  extensively  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  mostly  fer- 
tile. Indian  corn,  wheat,  grass,  &c.,  are  the  staple  products. 
Among  the  minerals  of  this  county  are  gold,  iron,  and 
statuary  marble.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Marietta  &  North 
Georgia  and  Knoxville  Southern  Railroads.  Capital,  Can- 
ton.   Pop.  in  1870,  10,399 ;  in  1880,  14,325 ;  in  1890,  15,412. 

Cherokee,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an 
area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Little  Sioux 
River,  and  also  drained  by  Maple  River.  The  surface  is 
undulating  ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats, 
and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Iowa  division  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad.  Capital, 
Cherokee.  Pop.  in  1870,  1967;  in  1880,  8240;  in  1890, 
15,659. 

Cherokee,  a  county  forming  the  S.E.  extremity  of 
Kansas,  has  an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Neosho  and  Spring  Rivers.  The  surface  is 
nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  very  fertile.  About  90  per  cent,  of 
the  county  is  prairie ;  most  of  the  remainder  is  covered  with 
ash,  elm,  hickory,  walnut,  oak,  and  other  trees  which  grow 
along  the  streams.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  hay,  oats,  and  cattle 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the 
Missouri  Pacific,  the  Kansas  City,  Fort  Scott  &  Memphis, 
and  the  St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  Railroads.  It  has  a 
bed  of  good  coal,  about  6  feet  thick,  near  the  surface  of 
the  ground.  Capital,  Columbus.  Pop.  in  1870, 11,038;  in 
1880,  21,905  ;  in  1890,  27,770.     . 

Cherokee,  a  county  forming  the  W.  extremity  of 
North  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  650  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Hiawassee  River,  and  also  drained 
by  the  Little  Tennessee  River,  and  is  bounded  on  the  N.W. 
by  the  Unaka  or  Smoky  Mountain.  The  surface  is  mostly 
mountainous,  and  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly 
fertile,  and  produces  Indian  corn,  grass,  and  oats.     It  is 


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traversed  in  the  S.  b^  the  Mariett*  A  North  Qcorgia  Rail- 
road whioh  hM  a  terminus  at  Murphy  the  capital,  and  in 
the  N.  by  the  Riohuiond  A  Danville  Railroad.  Pop.  in 
1870,  SOSU;  in  188U,  8182;  in  18VU,  0U76. 

Cherokee,  a  oouuty  in  the  £.  part  of  Te«M.  Area, 
1000  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Neohes 
Bivcr,  and  also  drained  by  the  Angelina  Rivor,  and  is  inter, 
seoted  by  the  International  A  Great  Northern  Railroad. 
The  surface  is  diversified  by  prairies  and  forests  of  oak, 
pine,  Ao. ;  the  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
pork,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Rusk. 
Pop.  in  1870,  11,079;  in  1880,  16,723;  in  1890,  22,975. 

Cherokee,  a  post-village  of  Colbert  oo.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Memphis  A  Charleston  Railroad,  36  miles  E.S.E.  of  Corinth, 
and  about  17  miles  W.  of  Florence.     It  has  4  churches. 

Cherokee,  a  station  on  the  line  of  Arkansas  and  the 
Indian  Territory,  and  on  the  Arkansas  River,  opposite 
Fort  Smith.  Here  the  Little  Rock  A  Fort  Smith  Railroad 
terminates.    Cherokee  is  16S  miles  W.N.W.  of  Little  Rock. 

Cherokee,  a  post-village  of  Butte  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
North  Fork  of  Feather  River,  12  miles  N.  of  Oroville.  It 
has  2  churches.     Gold  is  found  near  this  place. 

Cherokee,  Nevada  co.,  Cal.     See  Pattebson. 

Cherokee,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cherokee  co.,  Iowa, 
is  on  the  Little  Sioux  River,  and  on  the  Dubuque  A  Sioux 
City  Railroad,  69  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sioux  City,  and  76  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Fort  Dodge.  It  has  8  churches,  3  banks,  a 
high  school,  3  hotels,  2  newspaper  offices,  4  elevators,  a 
foundry,  a  machine-shop,  and  manufactures  of  brick  and 
tile,  sash,  doors,  and  wagons.     Pup.  in  1890,  3441. 

Cherokee,  a  post-villago  of  Crawford  co.,  Kansas,  37 
miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  from  Fort  Scott.  It  has  6  churches, 
a  bank,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufac- 
tures of  hay-presses,  wagons,  <fco.  Coal  abounds  here.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1087. 

Cherokee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ky.,  7  miles 
S.  of  Willard  Station.     Coal  and  iron  abound  here. 

Cherokee,  a  small  hamlet  of  Logan  co.,  0.,  i  mile 
from  Huntsville  Railroad  Station. 

Cherokee,  a  post-village  and  watering-place  of  Spar- 
tanburg CO.,  S.C.,  8  miles  N.  of  Spartanburg.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  high  school,  &c. 

Cherokee,  a  township  of  York  co.,  S.C.    Pop.  1895. 

Cherokee,  a  post-hamlet  of  San  Saba  co.,  Tex.,  90 
miles  N.W.  of  Austin.     It  has  a  church  and  2  mills. 

Cherokee  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benton  co.,  Ark., 
about  7(1  miles  N.  of  Fort  Smith. 

Cher^okee'  In'dians,  a  once  powerful  tribe,  who 
formerly  possessed  the  southern  portion  of  the  Appalachian 
Mountains  and  a  large  tract  of  country  on  both  sides  of 
this  range.  In  1809  their  number  amounted  to  12,359;  but 
it  had  afterwards  considenibly  diminished,  when  at  length, 
in  1838,  all  the  Cherokees  who  were  in  Georgia,  consti- 
tuting a  large  majority  of  those  belonging  to  the  tribe, 
were  removed  to  the  W.  of  the  Mississippi  by  order  of  the 
United  States  government.  The  Cherokees  have  been  con- 
sidered the  most  civilized  of  all  the  American  Indians. 
They  have  a  written  language;  the  alphabet,  which  was 
invented  by  a  native  Cherokee,  consists  of  85  characters. 
Previous  to  their  expulsion  from  Georgia,  some  of  them  are 
said  to  have  become  excellent  and  thriving  farmers,  so  as 
to  bear  an  advantageous  comparison  with  the  most  skilful 
and  industrious  of  this  class  in  the  Southwestern  states. 
They  now  occupy  the  N.E.  angle  of  the  Indian  Territory. 
Area  of  reservation,  3,844,712  acres.  They  have  a  consti- 
tutional government.  Capital,  Tahlequah.  Pop.  19,000. 
There  are  also  a  few  CheroKees  in  North  Carolina. 

Cherokee  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cherokee  co.,  6a., 
10  miles  N.E.  of  Acworth.   It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Cherokee  Town,  a  hamlet  of  Chickasaw  Nation,  In- 
dian Territory,  on  the  Washita  River,  80  miles  N.W.  of 
Caddo.     It  has  ai  church,  and  a  bridge  over  the  River. 

Cheronea,  a  city  of  Greece.    See  CHiGRONEA. 

Cher^rapoonjee',  a  village  of  India,  in  the  Cossyah 
Hills,  135  miles  N.E.  of  Dacca,  4500  feet  above  the  sea. 

Cher'ry,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Nebraska,  bor- 
dering on  South  Dakota.  Area,  5668  square  miles.  It  is 
watered  by  the  Niobrara,  Snake,  and  North  Loup  Rivers, 
and  traversed  by  the  Fremont,  Elkhorn  A  Missouri  Valley 
Railroad.     Capital,  Valentine.     Pop  in  1890,  6428. 

Cherry,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  in  1890, 
1433. 

Cherry,  a  township  of  Sullivan  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1710. 
It  contains  Dushore,  Cherry  Mills,  and  Bernice. 

Cherry  Box,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co..  Mo.,  12  miles 
(direct)  N.W.  of  Shelby  ville,  the  capital  of  the  county.  It 
has  2  general  stores,  a  blackismith's-shop,  <lio. 


Cherry  Brook,  a  station  of  Hartford  oo.,  Conn.,  ontha 
Connecticut  Western  Railroad,  1  mile  N.W.  of  Collinsville. 

Cherry  Camp,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  of  (.'larks- 
burg.     It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Cherry  Creek,  Colorado,  rises  in  Douglas  co.,  nini 
nearly  northward,  and  enters  the  South  Fork  of  the  Platt« 
River  at  Denver. 

Cherry  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Arapahoe  oo.,  Colorado, 

Cherry  Creok,  a  post-office  of  Oneida  co.,  Idaho. 

Ch'erry  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pontotoc  co.,  MiH„ 
20  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Tupelo. 

Cherry  Creek,  a  mining  post-village  of  White  Pine 
CO.,  Nevada,  90  miles  S.  of  Wells  Railroad  Station.  It  has 
2  quartz-mills  and  mines  of  silver.  It  is  surrounded  by 
higli  mountains. <   Pop.  about  600. 

Cherry  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y., 
27  miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Little  Valley.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  t 
handle-factory,  a  cheese-box  factory,  <to.     Pop.  676. 

Cherry  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  While  co.,  Tenn.,  3S 
miles  from  McMinnville. 

Cherry  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario, 
2  miles  from  Lefroy.     Pop.  100. 

Chcr'ryfield,  a  post- village  of  Washington  oo..  Me.,  in 
Cherryfield  township,  on  the  Narraguagus  River,  about  12 
miles  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Ban- 
gor. It  contains  the  Cherryfield  Academy,  a  high  schoul, 
and  4  churches.  It  has  extensive  manufactures  of  lumber, 
including  a  box-shook-,  4  lath-,  2  stave-,  and  3  shingle- 
factories,  and  2  berry-canneries.    Pop.  of  the  township,  1 787. 

Cherryfield,  a  post-office  of  Transylvania  co.,  N.C. 

Cherry  Flats,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  about 
7  miles  E.  of  Wellsborough. 

Cherry  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co.,  0.,  is  at 
North  Liberty. 

Cherry  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co..  Ark.,  10 
miles  (direct)  S.  of  Sheridan.     It  hns  a  church. 

Cherry  Grove,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  111.,  15  miles 
S.W.  of  Freeport.     Pop.  1154. 

Cherry  Grove,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Louisville,  New  Albany  <fc  Chicago  Railroad,  6  miles  N, 
of  Crawfordsville. 

Cherry  Grove,  township,  Wexford  oo.,  Mich.     P,  101. 

Cherry  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn. 

Cherry  Grove,  a  township  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minn.  Pop. 
1092.     It  contains  Ayr  and  Fairpoint. 

Cherry  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  oo.,  0.,  in 
Anderson  township,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Linwood  Station.  It 
has  a  church. 

Cherry  Grove,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Pa.  It  has 
beds  of  coal.     Pop.  61. 

Cherry  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Tenn. 

Cherry  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham  co.,  Va., 
11  miles  N.  of  Harrisonburg. 

Cherry  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  4  miles 
from  Elkton.  It  has  a  church,  a  paper-mill,  and  a  carriage- 
shop,  and  near  it  are  several  flour-mills  and  paper-mills. 
Pop.  about  300. 

Cherry  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  in  Canton 
township,  5  miles  from  Dentun  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a 
church  and  several  residences. 

Cherry  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  co..  Miss. 

Cherry  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Platte  co..  Neb.,  is  at 
Jackson. 

Cherry  Hill,  a  station  of  the  New  Jersey  &  New  York 
Railroad,  in  Bergen  CO.,  N.J.,  16  miles  from  New  York. 

Cherry  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co..  Pa.,  30  miles 
S.W.  of  Erie.     It  has  a  church,  a  mill,  and  20  dwellings. 

Cherry  Hill,  a  township  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.     P.  1976. 

Cherry  Hill,  a  station  in  Prince  William  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Alexandria  A  Fredericksburg  Railroad. 

Cherry  Island,  an  island  in  Lake  St.  Francis,  near 
Coteau  Landing,  Quebec.     On  it  is  a  light-house. 

Cherry  Lane,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.CL 
Pop.  of  Cherry  Lane  township,  309. 

Cherry  Log,  a  post-office  of  Gilmer  co.,  Qa. 

Cherry  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co..  Pa.,  in 
Cherry  township,  4  miles  from  Dushore.  It  has  a  Hour-mill 
and  a  lumber-mill. 

Cherry  Mound,  a  post-office  of  Anderson  co.,  Kansas, 
15  miles  W.  of  Garnett. 

Cherry  Point  City,  a  post-village  of  Edgar  co.,  III., 
on  the  Indianapolis,  Decatur  A  Springfield  Railroad,  66 
miles  E.  of  Decatur,     It  has  a  church. 

Cherry  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Union  parish.  La.,  45 
miles  N.W.  of  Monroe. 


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Cherry  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Pa.,  in 
berry  Ridge  township,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Iloncsdale.     It  has 

churches  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1101. 

Cherry  Run,  a  small  stream  of  Venango  co.,  Pa., 
nters  Oil  Creek  at  Rouseville,  3  miles  above  Oil  City. 

Cherry  Run,  a  station  in  Clarion  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Al- 
eghany  Valley  Railroad  (Low  Grade  division  and  Sligo 
Jranoh),  76  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Cherry  Run,  a  post-ofBce  of  Union  co.,  Pa.,  on  Penn's 
Ireek,  and  on  the  Lewisburg  Centre  &  Spruce  Creek  Rail- 
aad. 

Cherry  Run  Depot,  a  post-oflBce  of  Morgan  co.,  W. 
'■ft.,  on  the  Potomac,  and  on  the  Baltimore  &,  Ohio  Railroad, 
3  miles  N.W.  of  Martinsburg. 

Cherry's,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
iOuisville  <fc  Memphis  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Clarksvillo. 
lere  is  Saint  Bethlehem  Post-Office. 

Cherry  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Gillespie  co.,  Tex. 

Cherry  Stone,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northampton  co.,  Va., 
n  Chesapeake  Bay,  about  40  miles    N.N.E.  of  Norfolk. 

rany  peaches,  berries,  melons,  Ac,  are  shipped  here. 
Cherry  Tree,  a  borough  of  Pennsylvania,  in  Cambria, 
plearfiold,  and  Indiana  cos.,  on  the  AVest  Branch  of  the  Sus- 
buehanna,  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Indiana.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  foundry,  a  tannery,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  The 
oame  of  its  post-office  is  Grant.  Here  is  an  artesian  well 
}r69  feet  deep.     Pop.  about  500. 

'  Cherry  Tree,  a  post-township  of  Venango  co..  Pa., 
labout  3  miles  S.  of  Titusville,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Oil 
(treek,  and  intersected  by  the  Pittsburg,  Titusville  <fc  Buffalo 
iRailroad.  Cherry  Tree  Post-Offlce  is  8  or  9  miles  N.  of 
lOil  City.     Pop."  2326. 

I  Cher'ryvale',  a  post-town  of  Montgomery  co.,  Kansas, 
jis  situated  on  3  railroads,  10  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.,  of  Inde- 
pendence. It  has  6  churches,  3  banks,  2  academies,  2  news- 
paper offices,  and  4  cigar-factories.  Pop.  in  1890,  2104. 
I  CherVy  VaI'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cross  co..  Ark.,  12 
imiles  by  rail  N.  of  Wynne,  and  about  13  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
iWittsburg. 

1  Cherry  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Winnebago  co.,  111., 
Ion  the  Kishwaukee  River,  in  Cherry  Valley  township,  and 
[On  the  Chicago  k  Northwestern  Railroad  (Freeport  Bra«ch\ 
)8i  miles  E.S.E.  of  Rockford.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded 
I  school,  2  hotels,  and  manufactures  of  brooms  and  flour.  Pop. 
I  of  the  township,  1421. 

I  Cherry  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 
1 4  miles  W.S.W.  of  Worcester  City,  and  1  or  2  miles  from 
I  the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad.  It  is  partly  in  Leicester 
i  township.  It  has  a  church  and  manufactures  of  flannel, 
I  satinet,  and  fancy  cassimere. 

.  Cherry  Valley,  a  township  of  Lake  CO.,  Mich.  P.  104. 
I  Cherry  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
I  Cherry  Valley  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Albany  & 
Susquehanna  Railroad,  68  miles  W.  by  N.  from  Albany, 
and  9  miles  AV.  of  Sharon  Springs.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
:  summer  hotel,  a  national  bank,  a  furnace,  and  a  melodeon- 
I  factory.  A  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.  Pop.  930; 
I  of  the  township,  2214. 

Cherry  Valley,  a  post-township  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0., 
'  about  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Jefferson.   It  has  2  churches.  P.  726. 
Cherry  Valley,  a  post-office  of  AVashington  co..  Pa. 
Cherry  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVilson  co.,  Tenn., 
lOi  miles  S.E.  of  Lebanon.     It  has  2  churches. 

Cherry  Valley,  a  post-village  in  Prince  Edward  co., 
Ontario,  on  East  Lake,  6  miles  from  Picton.     Pop.  300. 

Cher'ryville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co..  Mo.,  in 
Osage  township,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Steelville. 

Cherryville,  a  post-village  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Franklin  township,  about  4  miles  N.  of  Flemington.  It 
has  a  church. 

Cherryville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gaston  co.,  N.C..  in 
Cherryville  township,  on  the  Carolina  Central  Railroad,  43 
miles  by  rail  AV.N.AV.  of  Charlotte.  Pop.  about  75 ;  of  the 
township,  2003. 

Cherryville,  a  post-village  of  Northampton  co..  Pa.,  in 
Lehigh  township,  li  miles  from  Trcichler  Station,     It  has 

2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and  slate. 
Cherryville,  a  hamlet  in  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  i  mile 

6,  of  Lorberry  Junction.     It  has  a  church. 

Chcrshenbek,  Asia  Minor.    See  Chabshumba. 

Cherso,  kSn'so  (anc.  Crep'sa),  an  island  of  Austro-Hun- 
gary,  in  the  Gulf  of  Quarnero,  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Fiume. 
Area,  105  square  miles.  Pop.  7590.  The  surface  is  generally 
«tony  and  rugged ;  the  inhabitants  are  in  a  great  measure 
employed  in  fishing  and  building  vessels.  Cherso,  the  capi- 
tal, on  its  W.  coast,  has  a  cathedral  and  4673  inhabitants. 

Cherson,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Kherson. 


Chersonesus,  ker-so-nee'sus  (Gr.  Xtpaovrta-ot,  a  "con- 
tinent island,"  i.e.,  an  island  joined  to  a  continent,  a  penin- 
sula), the  ancient  name  of  several  peninsulas  of  Europe  and 
Asia,  as  Chersonesus  Aurea  (Malacca),  Chersonesus  Cim- 
brica  (Jutland),  Chersonesus  I'hracica  (Gallipoli),  Cher- 
sonesus Taurica  (Crimea),  Chersonesus Novantum  {Khixks). 

Chierta,  chSn'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Valencia,  33  miles 
N.  of  Castellon  de  la  Plana.     Pop.  2000. 

Cherta,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  8  miles  from 
Tortosa,  in  a  plain.  It  was  an  important  place  in  the  time 
of  the  Romans.     Pop.  3450. 

Chertsey,  chfis'se,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey, 
on  the  Thames,  25  miles  by  railway  W.S.W.  of  London. 
The  town,  neatly  built  of  brick,  has  a  handsome  church, 
vestiges  of  a  famous  abbey  in  which  Henry  VI.  was  buried, 
and  an  endowed  charity  school.  The  Saxon  kings  had  a 
palace  here.     Pop.  3146. 

Chertsey,  or  Saint-Theodore  de  Chertsey, 
siNo-ti'oMiR'  d^h  shSRt'si',  a  post-village  in  Montcalm  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  river  Ouareau,  12  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Raw- 
don.  It  contains  a  grist-mill,  4  saw-mills,  a  church,  and 
several  stores.    Gold  has  been  found.    Pop.  of  parish,  1619. 

Ches'aning,  a  post-village  of  Saginaw  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Shiawassee  River,  43  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Lansing, 
and  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Saginaw.  It  has  7  churches,  a  flour- 
mill,  2  saw-mills,  a  stave-  and  heading-factory,  2  harness- 
factories,  a  creamery,  a  grain-elevator,  a  foundry,  and  a 
planing-mill.  A  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1056;  of  Chesaning  township,  2361. 

Ches'apeake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co..  Mo.,  9 
miles  N.AV.  of  Logan  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Chesapeake  Bay,  a  large  and  important  bay  in 
Maryland  and  Virginia,  extends  from  the  mouth  of  the 
Susquehanna  River  southward  to  Hampton  Roads,  and  com- 
municates with  the  Atlantic  Ocean  by  a  wide  channel  be- 
tween Capo  Charles  and  Capo  Henry.  It  is  nearly  200  miles 
long,  and  varies  in  width  from  4  to  40  miles,  dividing  Mary- 
land into  two  parts,  called  the  Eastern  and  the  Western 
Shore,  and  having  also  upon  its  eastern  shore  the  counties 
of  Accomack  and  Northampton  in  Virginia.  The  land  on 
each  side  of  the  bay  is  deeply  indented  by  numerous  inlets 
or  estuaries,  through  which  the  Potomac,  Patuxent,  Rappa- 
hannock, York,  Choptank,  Nanticoke,  and  other  rivers  enter 
the  bay.  The  water  is  so  deep  that  the  largest  ships  can 
ascend  it  almost  to  the  mouth  of  the  Susquehanna.  Balti- 
more is  on  an  estuary  which  is  virtually  a  part  of  the  Chesa- 
peake, and  derives  from  it  great  commercial  advantages. 

Chesapeake  City,  a  post-village  of  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  is 
on  or  near  an  inlet  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  about  50  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Baltimore.  It  is  the  AV.  terminus  of  the  Chesa- 
peake &  Delaware  Canal,  which  connects  it  with  Delaware 
City.     It  has  5  churches.     Pop.  1008. 

Chesapeake  City,  Elizabeth  City  co.,  Va.  See 
PntEBus. 

Chesh'am,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Bucks,  29  miles 
AV.N.AV  of  London.  It  has  manufactures  of  straw  plait, 
shoes,  wooden-wares,  and  paper.     Pop.  2244. 

Chesham,  a  post-village  of  Cheshire  CO.,  N.H.,  11  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Keene.  It  has  a  church,  a  district  school,  2 
saw-mills,  and  a  woollen-mill.     Pop.  300. 

Chesh'er,  a  post-office  of  Lane  co.,  Oregon,  20  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Eugene  City. 

Cheshire,  a  county  of  England.    See  Chester. 

Cheshi  re,  chSsh'ir,  a  county  forming  the  S.AV.  extremity 
of  New  Hampshire.  Area,  784  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  AV.  by  the  Connecticut  River,  and  intersected  by  the 
Ashuelot  River.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  hills  and 
mountains,  among  which  is  the  Great  Monadnock,  3450 
feet  high,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests,  in  which 
the  ash,  oak,  elm,  hickory,  and  sugar-maple  abound.  The 
soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and  butter 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Boston  &  Maine,  the  Fitchburg,  and  the  Connecticut  River 
Railroads,  all  centring  at  Keene,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
27,265;  in  1880,  28,734;  in  1890,  29,579. 

Cheshire,  a  post-village  of  New  Haven  co.,  Conn.,  in 
Cheshire  township,  with  a  station  1  mile  distant  on  the 
New  Haven  &  Northampton  Railroad,  16  miles  N.  of  New 
Haven.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  and  manufactures 
of  buttons,  brass,  watches,  and  edge-tools.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1929. 

Cheshire,  a  post-village  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Cheshire  township,  on  the  Pittsfield  &  North  Adams  Branch 
Railroad.  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pittsfield.  The  township  bus 
4  churches.  Cheshire  has  a  hilly  surface  and  a  fertile  soil. 
It  is  noted  for  dairies,  has  manufactures  of  cotton,  leather, 
iron,  and  lumber,  and  exports  much  (][uartz-3atQd.   P.  1308. 


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tnrersed  in  the  S.  by  the  Marietta  A  North  Georgia  Rail- 
road which  ha«  a  terminus  at  Murphy  the  capital,  and  in 
the  N.  by  the  Uiohmond  <l  Danville  Railroad.  Pop.  in 
1870,  8080;  in  188U,  8182;  in  18V0,  0U76. 

Cherokee^  a  county  in  the  £.  part  of  Te«M.  Area, 
1000  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Nechea 
Hirer,  and  also  drained  by  the  Anjjolina  Rivor,  and  is  inter- 
■eoted  by  the  International  A  Great  Northern  Railroad. 
The  Burfaoo  is  diversified  by  prairies  and  forests  of  oalc, 
pine,  Ac. ;  the  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
pork,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Ruslc. 
Pop.  in  1870,  11,079;  in  1880,  16,723;  in  1890,  22,975. 

Cherokee^  a  post-villago  of  Colbert  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Memphis  <!t  Charleston  Railroad,  Sd  miles  E.S.E.  of  Corinth, 
and  about  17  miles  W.  of  Florence.     It  has  4  churches. 

Cherokee*  a  station  on  the  line  of  Arkansas  and  the 
Indian  Territory,  and  on  the  Arkansas  River,  opposite 
Fort  Smith.  Here  the  Little  Rock  &  Fort  Smith  Railroad 
terminates.    Cherokee  is  168  miles  W.N.W.  of  Little  Rook. 

Cherokee,  a  post-village  of  Butte  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
North  Fork  of  Feather  River,  12  miles  N.  of  Oroville.  It 
has  2  churches.     Gold  is  found  near  this  place. 

Cherokee*  Nevada  co.,  Cal.    See  Patteiison. 

Cherokee*  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cherokee  co.,  Iowa, 
is  on  the  Little  Sioux  River,  and  on  the  Dubuque  &  Sioux 
City  Railroad,  59  miles  E.N.B.  of  Sioux  City,  and  76  miles 
W.N.AV.  of  Fort  Dodge.  It  has  8  churches,  3  banks,  a 
high  school,  3  hotels,  2  newspaper  offices,  4  elevators,  a 
foundry,  a  machine-shop,  and  manufactures  of  brick  and 
tile,  sash,  doors,  and  wagons.     Pop.  in  1890,  3441. 

Cherokee*  a  post-villago  of  Crawford  co.,  Kansas,  37 
miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  from  Fort  Scott.  It  has  6  churches, 
a  bank,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufac- 
tures of  hay-presses,  wagons,  <tc.  Coal  abounds  here.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1087. 

Cherokee*  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ky.,  7  miles 
S.  of  AVillard  Station.     Coal  and  iron  abound  hero. 

Cherokee*  a  small  hamlet  of  Logan  co.,  0.,  i  mile 
from  Huntsvillo  Railroad  Station. 

Cherokee*  a  post-village  and  watering-place  of  Spar- 
tanburg CO.,  S.C.,  8  miles  N.  of  Spartanburg.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  high  school,  &o. 

Cherokee*  a  township  of  York  co.,  S.C.    Pop.  1895. 

Cherokee*  a  post-hamlet  of  San  Saba  co.,  Tex.,  90 
miles  N.W.  of  Austin.     It  has  a  church  and  2  mills. 

Cherokee  City*  a  post-hamlet  of  Benton  co.,  Ark., 
about  70  miles  N.  of  Fort  Smith. 

Cher'okee'  In'dians,  a  once  powerful  tribe,  who 
formerly  possessed  the  southern  portion  of  the  Appalachian 
Mountains  and  a  large  tract  of  country  on  both  sides  of 
this  range.  In  1809  their  number  amounted  to  12,359;  but 
it  had  afterwards  considerably  diminished,  when  at  length, 
in  1838,  all  the  Cherokees  who  were  in  Georgia,  consti- 
tuting a  large  majority  of  those  belonging  to  the  tribe, 
were  removed  to  the  W.  of  the  Mississippi  by  order  of  the 
United  States  government.  The  Cherokees  have  been  con- 
sidered the  most  civilized  of  all  the  American  Indians. 
They  have  a  written  language;  the  alphabet,  which  was 
invented  by  a  native  Cherokee,  consists  of  85  characters. 
Previous  to  their  expulsion  from  Georgia,  some  of  them  are 
said  to  have  become  excellent  and  thriving  farmers,  so  as 
to  bear  an  advantageous  comparison  with  the  most  skilful 
and  industrious  of  this  class  in  the  Southwestern  states. 
They  now  occupy  the  N.E.  angle  of  the  Indian  Territory. 
Area  of  reservation,  3,844,712  acres.  They  have  a  consti- 
tutional government.  Capital,  Tahlequah.  Pop.  19,000. 
There  are  also  a  few  Cherokees  in  North  Carolina. 

Cherokee  Mills*  a  post-hamlot  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ga., 
10  miles  N.E.  of  Acworth.   It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Cherokee  Town*  a  hamlei  of  Chickasaw  Nation,  In- 
dian Territory,  on  the  Washita  River,  80  miles  N.W.  of 
Caddo.     It  has  a  church,  and  a  bridge  over  the  River. 

Cheronea*  a  city  of  Greece.    See  Ch^ronea. 

Cher^rapoonjee'*  a  village  of  India,  in  the  Cossyah 
Hills,  135  miles  N.E.  of  Dacca,  4500  feet  above  the  sea. 

Cher'ry*  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Nebraska,  bor- 
dering on  South  Dakota.  Area,  5668  square  miles.  It  is 
watered  by  the  Niobrara,  Snake,  and  North  Loup  Rivers, 
and  traversed  by  the  Fremont,  Elkhorn  &  Missouri  Valley 
Railroad.     Capital,  Valentine.     Pop  in  1890,  6428. 

Cherry*  a  township  of  Butler  co..  Pa.  Pop.  in  1890, 
1433. 

Cherry*  a  township  of  Sullivan  oc.  Pa.  Pop.  1710. 
It  contains  Dushore,  Cherry  Mills,  and  Bernice. 

Cherry  Box*  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co..  Mo.,  12  miles 
(direct)  N.W.  of  Shelby  ville,  the  capital  of  the  county.  It 
has  2  general  stores,  a  blacksmith's-shop,  &o. 


Cherry  Ilrook,  a  station  of  Hartford  co..  Conn.,  onths 
Connecticut  Western  Railroad,  1  mile  N.W.  of  Collinsville. 

Cherry  Camp*  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  W.  Va.', 
on  tho  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  of  Clarksl 
burg.     It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Cherry  Creek*  Colorado,  rises  in  Douglas  co.,  mm 
nearly  northward,  and  enters  tho  South  Fork  of  tho  Platte 
River  at  Denver. 

Cherry  Creek*  a  post-office  of  Arapahoe  co.,  Colorado. 

Cherry  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Oneida  co.,  Idaho. 

Ch'erry  Creek*  a  post-hamlet  of  Pontotoc  co.,  Miss- 
20  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Tupelo. 

Cherry  Creek*  a  mining  post-village  of  White  Pine 
CO.,  Nevada,  90  miles  S.  of  Wells  Railroad  Station.  It  has 
2  quartz-mills  and  mines  of  silver.  It  is  surrounded  by 
high  mountains.*   Pop.  about  600. 

Cherry  Creek*  a  post- village  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y., 
27  miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Little  Valley.  It  hus  3 
churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
handle- factory,  a  cheese-box  factory,  Ac.     Pop.  676. 

Cherry  Creek*  a  post-hamlot  of  White  co.,  Tenn.,  85 
miles  from  McMinnville. 

Cherry  Creek*  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario, 
2  miles  from  Lefroy.     Pop.  100. 

Cher'ry  field*  a  post- village  of  Washington  co..  Me.,  in 
Cherryfield  township,  on  tho  Narraguagus  River,  about  12 
miles  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Ban- 
gor. It  contains  the  Cherryfield  Academy,  a  high  school, 
and  4  churches.  It  has  extensive  manufactures  of  lumber, 
including  a  box-shook-,  4  lath-,  2  stave-,  and  3  shingle- 
factories,  and  2  berry-canneries.    Pop.  of  the  township,  1 787. 

Cherryfield*  a  post-office  of  Transylvania  co.,  N.G. 

Cherry  Flats*  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  co..  Pa.,  about 
7  miles  E.  of  Wellsborough. 

Cherry  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co.,  0.,  is  at 
North  Liberty. 

Cherry  Grove*  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co..  Ark.,  10 
miles  (direct)  S.  of  Sheridan.     It  has  a  church. 

Cherry  Grove*  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  111.,  15  miles 
S.W.  of  Freeport.     Pop.  1154. 

Cherry  Grove*  a  station  in  Montgomery  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  Railroad,  5  miles  N. 
of  Crawfordsville. 

Cherry  Grove,  township,  Wexford  co.,  Mich.     P.  101. 

Cherry  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn. 

Cherry  Grove,  a  township  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minn.  Pop. 
1092.     It  contains  Ayr  and  Fairpoint. 

Cherry  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  in 
Anderson  township,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Linwood  Station.  It| 
has  a  church.  ■ 

Cherry  Grove,  a  township  of  Warren  co..  Pa.  It  has 
beds  of  coal.     Pop.  61. 

Cherry  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Tenn. 

Cherry  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham  co.,  Va., 
11  miles  N.  of  Harrisonburg. 

Cherry  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  4  miles 
from  Elkton.  It  has  a  church,  a  paper-mill,  and  a  carriage- 
shop,  and  near  it  are  several  flour-mills  and  paper-mills. 
Pop.  about  300. 

Cherry  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Wayne  oo.,  Mich.,  in  Canton 
township,  5  miles  from  Denton  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a 
church  and  several  residences. 

Cherry  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  co..  Miss. 

Cherry  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Platte  co.,  Neb.,  is  at 
Jackson. 

Cherry  Hill,  a  station  of  the  New  Jersey  &  New  York 
Railroad,  in  Bergen  CO.,  N.J.,  16  miles  from  New  York. 

Cherry  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co..  Pa.,  30  miles 
S.W.  of  Erie.     It  has  a  church,  a  mill,  and  20  dwellings. 

Cherry  Hill,  a  township  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.     P.  1976. 

Cherry  Hill,  a  station  in  Prince  William  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Alexandria  &  Fredericksburg  Railroad. 

Cherry  Island,  an  island  in  Lake  St.  Francis,  near 
Coteau  Landing,  Quebec.     On  it  is  a  light-house. 

Cherry  Lane,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  of  Cherry  Lane  township,  309. 

Cherry  Log,  a  post-office  of  Gilmer  co.,  Ga. 

Cherry  Mills*  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co..  Pa.,  in 
Cherry  township,  4  miles  from  Dushore.  It  has  a  flour-miii 
and  a  lumber-mill. 

Cherry  Mound*  a  post-office  of  Anderson  co.,  Kansas, 
15  miles  W.  of  Garnett. 

Cherry  Point  City,  a  post-village  of  Edgar  co..  III., 
on  the  Indianapolis,  Decatur  A  Springfield  Railroad,  60 
miles  E.  of  Decatur.     It  has  a  church. 

Cherry  Ridge*  a  post-office  of  Union  parish,  La.,  ii 
miles  N.W.  of  Monroe. 


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Cherry  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Pa.,  in 
lerry  Ridge  township,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Honesdale.     It  has 
churches  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1101. 
Cherry  Run,  a  small  stream  of  Venango   co.,  Pa., 
iters  Oil  Creek  at  Rouseville,  3  miles  above  Oil  City. 
Cherry  Run,  a  station  in  Clarion  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Al- 
ghany  Valley  Railroad  (Low  Grade  division  and  Sligo 
iraneh),  76  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 
j  Cherry  Run,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  Pa.,  on  Penn's 
sreek,  and  on  the  Lewisburg  Centre  <fc  Spruce  Creek  Kail- 
lad. 

Cherry  Run  Depot,  a  post-oflSce  of  Morgan  co.,  W. 
ft.,  on  the  Potomac,  and  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad, 
B  miles  N.W.  of  Martinsburg. 

I  Cherry's,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
iouisville  &  Memphis  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Clarksvillo. 
[ere  is  Saint  Bethlehem  Post-Office. 
Cherry  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Gillespie  co.,  Tex. 
Cherry  Stone,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northampton  co.,  Va., 
1  Chesapeake  Bay,  about  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Norfolk. 
lany  peaches,  berries,  melons,  <tc.,  are  shipped  here. 

Cherry  Tree,  a  borough  of  Pennsylvania,  in  Cambria, 
Hearfiold,  and  Indiana  cos.,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Sus- 
uehanna,  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Indiana.  It  has  3  churches, 
foundry,  a  tannery,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  The 
ame  of  its  post-office  is  Grant.  Here  is  an  artesian  well 
69  feet  deep.     Pop.  about  500. 

Cherry  Tree,  a  post-township  of  Venango  co.,  Pa., 
.boat  3  miles  S.  of  Titusville,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Oil 
!reek,  and  intersected  by  the  Pittsburg,  Titusville  <fc  Buffalo 
[lailroad.  Cherry  Tree  Post-Office  is  8  or  9  miles  N.  of 
)il  City.     Pop.'  2326. 

Cher'ryvale',  a  post-town  of  Montgomery  co.,  Kansas, 
is  situated  on  3  railroads,  10  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.,  of  Inde- 
pendence. It  has  6  churches,  3  banks,  2  academies,  2  news- 
paper offices,  and  4  cigar-factories.  Pop.  in  1890,  2104. 
I  Cher'ry  VaI'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cross  co.,  Ark.,  12 
•niles  by  rail  N.  of  Wynne,  and  about  13  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
iffittsburg. 

1  Cherry  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Winnebago  co.,  111., 
m  the  Kishwaukee  River,  in  Cherry  Valley  township,  and 
)n  the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad  (Freeport  Bra»ch\ 
JJ  miles  E.S.E.  of  Rockford.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded 
jchool,  2  hotels,  and  manufactures  of  brooms  and  flour.  Pop. 
jf  the  township,  1421. 

Cherry  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 
i  miles  W.S.W.  of  Worcester  City,  and  1  or  2  miles  from 
jthc  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad.  It  is  partly  in  Leicester 
'township.  It  has  a  church  and  manufactures  of  flannel, 
jsatinet,  and  fancy  oassimere. 
1     Cherry  Valley,  atownship  of  Lake  co.,  Mich.     P.  104. 

1  Cherry  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
jCherry  Valley  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Albany  & 
Susquehanna  Railroad,  68  miles  W.  by  N.  from  Albany, 
and  9  miles  ^Y.  of  Sharon  Springs.     It  has  3  churches,  a 

igummcr  hotel,  a  national  bank,  a  furnace,  and  a  melodeon- 
;  factory.  A  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.  Pop.  930; 
(of  the  township,  2214. 

I  Cherry  Valley,  a  post-township  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0., 
aboutlOmilesS.S.E.  of  Jefferson.   It  has  2  churches.  P.  726. 

Cherry  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Pa. 

Cherry  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVilson  co.,  Tenn., 
lOJ  miles  S.E.  of  Lebanon.     It  has  2  churches. 

Cherry  Valley,  a  post-village  in  Prince  Edward  co., 
Ontario,  on  East  Lake,  6  miles  from  Picton.     Pop.  300. 

Cher'ryville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co..  Mo.,  in 
Osage  township,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Steelville. 

Cherry ville,  a  post-village  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Franklin  township,  about  4  miles  N.  of  Flemington.  It 
has  a  church. 

Cherry  ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gaston  co.,  N.C.,  in 
Cherryville  township,  on  the  Carolina  Central  Railroad,  43 
miles  by  rail  AV.N.W.  of  Charlotte.  Pop.  about  75;  of  the 
township,  2003. 

Cherryville,  a  post-village  of  Northampton  co..  Pa.,  in 
Lehigh  township,  1^  miles  from  Treichler  Station.     It  has 

2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and  slate. 
Cherryville,  a  hamlet  in  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  i  mile 

S.  of  Lorberry  Junction.     It  has  a  church. 

Chcrshenbek,  Asia  Minor.    See  Charshumba. 

Cherso,  kSn'so  (anc.  Crep'sa),  an  island  of  Austro-Hun- 
gary,  in  the  Gulf  of  Quarnero,  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Fiume. 
Area,  105  square  miles.  Pop.  7590.  The  surface  is  generally 
ttony  and  rugged ;  the  inhabitants  are  in  a  great  measure 
employed  in  fishing  and  building  vessels.  Cherso,  the  capi- 
tal, on  its  W.  coast,  has  a  cathedral  and  4673  inhabitants. 

Cherson,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Kherson. 


Chersonesus,  ker-so-nee'sus  (Gr.  Xepo-oi-Jio-ot,  a  "con- 
tinent island,"  i.e.,  an  island  joined  to  a  continent,  a  penin- 
sula), the  ancient  name  of  several  peninsulas  of  Europe  and 
Asia,  as  Chersonesus  Aurea  (Malacca),  Chersonesus  Cim- 
brica  (Jutland),  Chersonesus  Thracica  (Gallipoli),  Cher- 
sonesus Taurica  (Crimea),  Chersonesus  Novantum  (Rhinns). 

Cherta,  chdB'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Valencia,  33  miles 
N.  of  Castellon  de  la  Plana.     Pop.  2000. 

Cherta,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  8  miles  from 
Tortosa,  in  a  plain.  It  was  an  important  place  in  the  time 
of  the  Romans.     Pop.  3450. 

Chertsey,  chfis'se,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey, 
on  the  Thames,  25  miles  by  railway  W.S.W.  of  London. 
The  town,  neatly  built  of  brick,  has  a  handsome  church, 
vestiges  of  a  famous  abbey  in  which  Henry  VI.  was  buried, 
and  an  endowed  charity  school.  The  Saxon  kings  had  a 
palace  here.     Pop.  3146. 

Chertsey,  or  Saint- Theodore  de  Chertsey, 
siN"-t4*oM6R'  d^h  shfiRt^si',  a  post-village  in  Montcalm  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  river  Ouareau,  12  miles  AV.  by  N.  of  Raw- 
don.  It  contains  a  grist-mill,  4  saw-mills,  a  church,  and 
several  stores.    Gold  has  been  found.    Pop.  of  parish,  1619. 

Ches'aning,  a  post-village  of  Saginaw  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Shiawassee  River,  43  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Lansing, 
and  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Saginaw.  It  has  7  churches,  a  flour- 
mill,  2  saw-mills,  a  stave-  and  heading-factory,  2  harness- 
factories,  a  creamery,  a  grain-elevator,  a  foundry,  and  a 
planing-mill.  A  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1056;  of  Chesaning  township,  2361. 

Ches'apeake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co..  Mo.,  9 
miles  N.W.  of  Logan  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Chesapeake  Bay,  a  large  and  important  bay  in 
Maryland  and  Virginia,  extends  from  the  mouth  of  the 
Susquehanna  River  southward  to  Hampton  Roads,  and  com- 
municates with  the  Atlantic  Ocean  by  a  wide  channel  be- 
tween Cape  Charles  and  Cape  Henry.  It  is  nearly  200  miles 
long,  and  varies  in  width  from  4  to  40  miles,  dividing  Mary- 
land into  two  parts,  called  the  Eastern  and  the  Western 
Shore,  and  having  also  upon  its  eastern  shore  the  counties 
of  Accomack  and  Northampton  in  Virginia.  The  land  on 
each  side  of  the  bay  is  deeply  indented  by  numerous  inlets 
or  estuaries,  through  which  the  Potomac,  Patuxent,  Rappa- 
hannock, York,  Choptank,  Nanticoke,  and  other  rivers  enter 
the  bay.  The  water  is  so  deep  that  the  largest  ships  can 
ascend  it  almost  to  the  mouth  of  the  Susquehanna.  Balti- 
more is  on  an  estuary  which  is  virtually  a  part  of  the  Chesa- 
peake, and  derives  from  it  great  commercial  advantages. 

Chesapeake  City,  a  post-village  of  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  is 
on  or  near  an  inlet  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  about  60  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Baltimore.  It  is  the  W.  terminus  of  the  Chesa- 
peake &  Delaware  Canal,  which  connects  it  with  Delaware 
City.     It  has  5  churches.     Pop.  1008. 

Chesapeake  City,  Elizabeth  City  co.,  Va.  See 
Phcebus. 

Chesh'am,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Bucks,  29  miles 
W.N.W  of  London.  It  has  manufactures  of  straw  plait, 
shoes,  wooden-wares,  and  paper.     Pop.  2244. 

Chesham,  a  post-village  of  Cheshire  CO.,  N.H.,  11  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Keene.  It  has  a  church,  a  district  school,  2 
saw-mills,  and  a  woollen-mill.     Pop.  300. 

Chesh'er,  a  post-office  of  Lane  co.,  Oregon,  20  miles 
AV.N.W.  of  Eugene  City. 

Cheshire,  a  county  of  England.    See  Chester. 

Cheshire,  chfish'ir,  acounty  forming  the  S.AV.  extremity 
of  New  Hampshire.  Area,  784  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  the  Connecticut  River,  and  intersected  by  the 
Ashuelot  River.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  hills  and 
mountains,  among  which  is  the  Great  Monadnuek,  3450 
feet  high,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests,  in  which 
the  ash,  oak,  elm,  hickory,  and  sugar-maple  abound.  The 
soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and  butter 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Boston  &  Maine,  the  Fitchburg,  and  the  Connecticut  River 
Railroads,  all  centring  at  Keene,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
27,265;  in  1880,  28,734;  in  1890,  29,579. 

Cheshire,  a  post-village  of  New  Haven  co.,  Conn.,  in 
Cheshire  township,  with  a  station  1  mile  distant  on  the 
New  Haven  &  Northampton  Railroad,  16  miles  N.  of  New 
Haven.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  and  manufactures 
of  buttons,  brass,  watches,  and  edge-tools.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1929. 

Cheshire,  a  post-village  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Cheshire  township,  on  the  Pittsfleld  <fe  North  Adams  Branch 
Railroad,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pittsfield.  The  township  has 
4  churches.  Cheshire  has  a  hilly  surface  and  a  fertile  soil. 
It  is  noted  for  dairies,  has  manufactures  of  cotton,  leather, 
iron,  and  lumber,  and  exports  much  quartz-sand.    P.  1308. 


CHE 


868 


CHE 


Cheahire«  a  post-township  in  the  S.  part  of  Allegim 
M.,  Miob.,  about  6  miles  S.W.  of  Allogan.  The  soil  is 
fortile  and  adapted  to  grain  and  gross.  More  are  many 
orohards  of  apples  and  peaches.     Pop.  1304. 

Cheshire,  a  post-village  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Can- 
andaigua  townnhip,  about  3U  miles  S.S.E.  of  Iloohcitter,  and 
1  milo  W.  of  Canandaigua  Lake.  It  has  a  church  and  man- 
ufactures of  carriages  and  washing-maohines. 

Cheshire,  a  hamlet  of  Delaware  oo.,  0.,  in  Borlin  town- 
ship, 3  miles  from  Berlin  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  flour- 
mill  and  2  churches.     Hero  is  Constantia  Post-Otfice. 

Cheshire,  a  post-village  of  Gallia  oo.,  0.,  in  Cheshire 
township,  and  on  the  Ohio  River,  8  miles  below  Pumeroy, 
and  12  miles  above  Gallipolis.  It  contains  Cheshire  Aoad- 
emy,  now  a  union  school,  2  ohurohes,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
large  barrel-factory.     Pop.  300;  of  the  township,  1824. 

Cheshire  Harbor,  a  village  in  Cheshire  township, 
Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Pittstield  &  North  Adams  Rail- 
road, 12  miles  X.  of  Pittsfield.     It  has  a  large  cotton-mill. 

Chesh'ireville,  a  hamlet  of  Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Oxford  township,  3  miles  from  Coventry  Railroad  Station. 

Ches'hunt,  a  town  and  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Herts, 
14  miles  by  rail  N.  of  London.  Here  are  a.  college  for  dis- 
senters, some  remains  of  a  nunnery,  and  an  elegant  stone 
cross.  The  manor-house  was  a  residence  of  Cardinal  Wol- 
sey ;  and  Theobalds,  the  favorite  seat  of  James  I.,  is  in  this 
parish.     Pop.  7518. 

Ches'il  Ilaiik,  a  sand  and  gravel  ridge,  or  isthmus,  in 
the  English  Channel,  which  connects  the  so-called  Isle  of 
Portland  with  the  mainland,  stretching  from  Abbotsbury, 
Dorsetshire,  S.E.  for  9  miles,  by  half  a  mile  in  breadth. 

Cheskaya,  Tcheskaia,  or  Tscheskaja,  cbds-ki'fl, 
a  gulf  in  the  N.  of  Russia,  goverbment  of  Archangel. 

Ches'ley,  a  post-village  in  Bruce  co.,  Ontario,  15  miles 
from  Walkcrton.     Pop.  150. 

Ches'ley's  Corners,  a  post- village  in  Lunenburg  co.. 
Nova  Scotia,  49  miles  southward  from  Kentville.    Pop.  100. 

Chesme,  Tchesme,  or  Tschesme,  chSs'mSh,  writ- 
ten also  Tcheshmeh  (anc.  CU'aoa),  a  village  of  Asia 
Minor,  opposite  the  island  of  Soio,  40  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Smyrna.  Pop.  6000  or  7000.  It  has  a  large  citadel,  the 
residence  of  a  Turkish  governor,  and  near  it  are  sulphur 
and  saline  springs.  Here  in  1770  the  Russians  burnt  the 
Turkish  navy.     Seven  miles  N.E.  are  the  ruins  of  Grythrea. 

Chessy,  shSs'see',  a  town  of  France,  in  Rhflne,  9  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Villefranche-sur-Saono.      Pop.  1132. 

Chest,  a  township  of  Cambria  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  870. 

Chest,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Bell  township,  Clearfield  co..  Pa., 
24  miles  S.W.  of  Clearfield. 

Chest,  a  township  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.,  about  22  miles 
N.W.  of  Altoona,  is  drained  by  Chest  Creek.  Coal  is  found 
here.     Pop.  1178. 

ChesHang',  a  station  in  Mobile  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Mobile 
&  Alabama  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  24  miles  N.  of  Mobile. 

Chesta'tee,  a  small  river  of  Georgia,  rises  in  Lumpkin 
CO.,  runs  southward,  and  enters  the  Chattahoochee  in  Hall 
CO.,  about  5  miles  W.  of  Gainesville. 

Chest  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Cambria  co.,  runs 
northward,  and  enters  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna 
River  in  Clearfield  co. 

Cheste,  chfis'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  14  miles  W.  of  Valen- 
cia. It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  goods,  and  a  trade  in 
wine  and  fruits.     Pop.  4742. 

Ches'ter,  orChesh'ire,  a  county  of  England,  having 
N.  the  Irish  Sea  and  the  Mersey,  and  on  other  sides  the  coun- 
ties of  Lancaster,  York,  Derby,  Stafi'ord,  Salop,  Flint,  Den- 
bigh, and  the  estuary  of  the  Dee.  Area,  1102  square  miles. 
The  surface,  except  on  its  e.\treme  E.  and  W.  borders,  is 
remarkably  level,  well  wooded,  and  studded  with  small  lakes 
or  meres.  The  principal  rivers  are  the  Dee,  Mersey,  and 
Weaver.  The  soil  is  chiefly  a  clayey  or  sandy  loam ;  the 
climate  moist.  This  is  one  of  the  principal  dairy  and  grazing 
districts  in  England.  Near  Nantwieh  are  mines  of  rock 
salt,  and  saline  springs;  other  chief  mineral  products  are 
coal,  copper,  and  lead.  Dairy-farming  is  a  leading  pursuit, 
but  general  agriculture  is  not  neglected.  The  county  is 
traversed  by  several  canals  and  many  railways.  Besides 
the  capital  city,  Chester,  the  principal  towns  are  Birken- 
head, Macclesfield,  Stockport,  Congleton,  Crewe,  and  North- 
wich.     Pop.  in  1881,  644,037;  in  1891,  730,052. 

Chester  (ano.  De'va  or  De'va  Cas'tra),  a  city  of  Eng- 
land, capital  of  the  above  county,  on  the  Dee,  and  on  the 
Crewe  A  Birkenhead  Railway,  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Liverpool, 
21  miles  N.W.  of  Crewe,  and  166  miles  N.W.  of  London. 
It  stands  on  a  rocky  elevation,  in  great  part  enclosed  by 
ancient  and  massive  walls,  which  form  an  oblong  quadrangle, 
surrounded  by  a  public  walk  2  miles  in  length.     Its  thor- 


oughfares, preserving  their  ancient  Roman  direction,  or 
one  another  at  right  angles;  and  the  four  principal,  whicu 
diverge  to  the  cardinal  points,  have  their  carriage-ways  far  I 
below  the  adjacent  houses,  and  are  bordered  with  shopt 
over  which  are  piaszas  or  "  rows"  for  foot-passengers.  I'hj  ' 
principal  edifices  are  the  castle,  comprising  barracks  and 
armory,  the  city  juil,  college,  churches,  city  hall,  lincii,  union 
and  commerce  halls,  exchange,  county  infirmary,  and  county 
lunatic  asylum.  Chester  is  a  bishop's  see.  The  cathedral 
is  an  irregular  massive  structure,  with  a  tower  127  feet  in 
height;  it  has  many  fine  monuments,  with  a  huiuUoms 
chapter-house,  and  adjacent  to  it  are  the  remains  of  an  an- 
cient abbey,  partly  used  for  the  grammar-school.  The  bish- 
op's palace  and  prebendal  college  occupy  other  portions  of 
the  abbey-precinct.  St.  John's  church  is  a  fine  speeiwen 
of  Saxon  architecture;  Trinity  church  contains  the  tombi 
of  Parnell  and  of  Matthew  Henry.  At  the  end  of  either 
principal  street  of  the  city  proper  is  an  arched  gateway. 
The  public  charities  are  very  numerous,  comprising  8t, 
John  8  Poor's  Hospital,  and  a  large  number  of  schools,  in- 
eluding  one  supported  by  the  Marquis  of  Westminster  for 
500  children.  Chester  has  a  good  public  library,  u  me- 
chanics' institution,  a  museum,  and  a  theatre.  Except  ship- 
building, the  manufactures  are  of  little  consequence,  and 
the  commerce  of  Chester  has  declined,  owing  to  the  filling 
of  the  harbor,  and  to  the  proximity  of  Liverpool.  Vessels 
of  600  tons  approach  the  city,  which  exports  cheese,  copper 
plates,  cast  iron,  and  coal.  Chester  sends  two  members  to  the 
House  of  Commons.  Many  Roman  antiquities  have  been 
discovered  here.     Pop.  in  1881,  36,794;  in  1891,  37,105. 

Ches'ter,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Pennsylvania, 
has  an  area  of  about  730  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  by  the  Schuylkill  River,  and  is  also  drained  by 
Brandywine,  French,  Octorara,  Chester,  and  Pickering 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  beautifully  diversified  with  undula- 
tions and  hills  of  moderate  height.  The  soil  is  generally 
fertile  and  well  cultivated.  Among  its  remarkable  features 
is  the  long,  narrow,  and  beautiful  Chester  Valley,  which  ex- 
tends from  the  Schuylkill  to  the  western  border  of  the 
county,  a  distance  of  about  30  miles.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
hay,  oats,  butter,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products,  and 
forged  and  rolled  iron  is  one  of  the  chief  articles  of  export. 
Good  limestone  and  marble  are  abundant  in  Chester  Valley. 
Among  the  other  minerals  found  in  this  county  are  iron, 
lead,  serpentine,  gneiss,  kaolin,  titanium,  and  amethyst. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  the  Phila- 
delphia <fc  Baltimore  Central  Railroad,  and  the  Wilmington 
<fc  Reading  Railroad.  The  Philadelphia  <fc  Reading  Rail- 
road passes  along  the  N.E.  border.  Capital,  West  Chester. 
Pop.  in  1870,  77,805;  in  1880,  8.3,481;  in  1890,  89,377. 

Chester,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  South  Carolina, 
has  an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Catawba  (or  Watcree)  River,  and  on  the  AV. 
by  Broad  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly  ;  the 
soil  is  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Charlotte,  Co- 
lumbia &  Augusta  Railroad.  Capital,  Chester  Court-House. 
Pop.  in  1870,  18,805;  in  1880,  24,153;  in  1890,  26,660. 

Chester,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Tennessee.  Area 
288  square  miles.  It  is  watered  by  the  South  Fork  of  the 
Forked  Deer  River,  and  intersected  by  the  Mobile  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  which  passes  through  Henderson,  the  capital  of 
the  county.     Pop.  in  1890,  9009. 

Chester,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co..  Ark.,  24  miles 
by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Van  Buren.     It  has  2  churches. 

Chester,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co..  Conn.,  32 
miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Hartford,  and  18  miles  S.E.  of  Mid- 
dleiown.  It  has  2  churches,  a  savings-bank,  manufactures 
of  ivory  and  bone  goods,  hardware,  auger-bits,  &o.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1301. 

Chester,  a  township  of  Logan  co.,  111.  Pop.  1062. 
It  contains  Chestervale. 

Chester,  a  post-town  or  city,  capital  of  Randolph  co., 
III.,  is  picturesquely  situated  on  the  Mississippi  River,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Kaskaskia,  about  75  miles  below  St.  Louis, 
and  45  miles  S.  of  Belleville.  Its  site  is  elevated  and  com- 
mands a  beautiful  view.  It  is  a  railroad  terminus,  and  has 
2  banks,  6  churches,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  hardware, 
and  brick.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 
Pop.  in  1890,  2708. 

Chester,  a  township  of  Wabash  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  3143. 
It  contains  North  Manchester,  Liberty  Mills,  and  New 
Madison. 

Chester,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.,  6  miles  N. 
of  Richmond.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  175. 

Chester,  formerly  Eatonville,  a  post-village  of 
Howard  co.,  Iowa,  in  Chester  township,  on  the  Upper  Iowa 


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ver,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad, 
miles  E.S.B.  of  Austin,  Minn.     It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
ill,  and  manufactures  of  bricks.     Pop.  about  150;  of  the 
wnship,  391. 

Chester,  a  hamlet  of  Troy  township,  Iowa  cc,  Iowa, 
I  miles  S.  of  Marengo.  Here  is  Stelapolis  Post-Office. 
Chester,  a  township  of  Poweshiek  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  523. 
Chester,  a  station  in  AVashington  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
skaloosa  division  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific 
ailroad,  7  miles  W.  of  AVashington. 
Chester,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Kan- 
L.-i,  about  10  miles  N.  of  Lawrence. 

Chester,  a  township  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  bounded  on 
10  E.  by  the  Penobscot  River.  Pop.  368.  Chester  Post- 
flice  is  on  the  European  <fc  North  American  Railroad,  50 
liles  N.  by  E.  of  Bangor. 

Chester,  a  post-village  of  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  on  a 
.ranch  of  Westfield  River,  28  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of 
ipringfield.  It  has  2  emery-mills,  2  churches,  a  newspaper 
Iffice,  granite-mills,  manufactures  of  mica  and  porcelain, 
Jedsteads,  Ac.  A  mine  of  emery  has  been  opened  here. 
The  township  has  a  manufactory  of  edge-tools.  Pop,  of 
(he  township,  1295. 

I  Chester,  a  post-hamlet  of  Eaton  co.,  Mich.,  in  Chester 
township,  on  the  Grand  River  Valley  Railroad,  5  miles 
N.W.  of  Charlotte.  It  has  2  churches  and  several  saw- 
Inills.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1203. 

I  Chester,  a  post-hamlet  of  Olmsted  oo.,  Minn.,  on  the 
ISVinona  &  St.  Peter  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Rochester, 
^op.  200. 

j  Chester,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Choctaw  co.,  Miss., 
!25  miles  "W.  of  Starkville.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper 
loffice,  several  stores,  and  a  steam  saw-mill.  Pop.  about  200. 
i  Chester,  a  post-village  of  Thayer  co..  Neb.,  11  miles 
(by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Hebron.  It  has  2  churches,  2  banks, 
jpublio  schools,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  500. 
)  Chester,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.H.,  in 
[Chester  township,  about  25  miles  S.S.E.  of  Concord.  It 
ihas  3  churches,  an  academy,  and  manufactures  of  shoes. 
(Pop.  of  the  township,  1153. 

i  Chester,  a  post-village  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  in  Chester 
(township,  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  Nevv  Jersey,  and  the 
i  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of 
German  Valley,  13  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Dover,  and 
[about  11  miles  W.  of  Morristown.  It  has  3  churches,  and 
a  seminary  for  girls.  Iron  ore  abounds  here.  Pop.  of  the 
j  township,  1743. 

Chester,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Chester 
I  township,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  55  miles  N.N.AV.  of  New 
I  York,  and  about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Newburg.  It  contains 
j  the  Chester  Academy  (now  a  union  school),  a  national  bank, 
!  and  4  churches.  Large  fields  of  onions  are  cultivated  here 
!  for  the  markets  of  New  York  and  Brooklyn.  Pop.  666 ; 
of  the  township,  2256. 

Chester,  a  township  of  AVarren  eo.,  N.Y.,  is  bounded  on 
;  the  A7.  by  the  Hudson.  It  contains  Chestertown,  and  has  5 
,'  churches,  several  tanneries,  and  lumber-mills.  Pop.  2199. 
j  Chester,  a  station  in  Butler  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cleveland, 
'  Columbus  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  near  AA''e3t  Chester. 

Chester,  a  township  of  Clinton  CO.,  0.  Pop.  1173.  It 
contains  a  part  of  New  Burlington. 

Chester,  a  township  of  Geauga  co.,  0.  Pop.  727.  It 
affords  quartz-pebbles  for  glass-making. 

Chester,  a  post-village  of  Meigs  co.,  C,  in  Chester 
township,  on  Shade  Creek,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Pomcroy.  It 
has  2  churches,  an  academy,  a  tannery,  a  grist-mill,  a  chair- 
factory,  (fee.     Pop.  172  ;  of  the  township,  1656. 

Chester,  a  township  of  Morrow  co.,  0.  Pop.  1073.  It 
contains  Chesterville. 

Chester,  a  township  of  AVayne  co.,  0.  Pop.  1921.  It 
contains  Lattasburg. 

Chester,  a  city  of  Delaware  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Delaware 
Piiver,  15  miles  below  Philadelphia,  and  on  the  Philadelphia, 
AVilmington  &  Baltimore  Railroad,  14  miles  N.E.  of  AVilming- 
ton.  It  is  also  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Chester  and  Chester 
&  Delaware  River  Railroads.  It  was  settled  by  Swedes 
in  1643,  and  is  the  oldest  town  in  the  state.  Its  original 
name  was  Upland.  It  contains  20  churches,  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Military  Academy,  3  national  banks,  1  other  bank, 
a  national  hall,  a  high  school,  and  printing-offices  which 
issue  2  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers,  and  2  monthly 
periodicals.  It  has  increased  rapidly  in  recent  times,  and 
derives  its  prosperity  chiefly  from  manufactures  of  cotton 
and  woollen  goods,  iron  steamships,  engines,  boilers,  Ac. 
The  city  contains  41  incorporated  manufacturing  compa- 
nies, and  innumerable  private  manufacturing  concerns, 
and  has  a  Board  of  Trade.    Chester  was  incorporated  in 


1866.  Pop.  in  1860,  4631 ;  in  1870,  9485 ;  in  1880, 14,997 ; 
in  1890,  20,226;  of  the  township,  578  additional.  See 
South  Chester. 

Chester,  a  hamlet  of  AVayne  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Delaware 
River,  i  mile  from  Cochecton  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a 
fiour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Chester,  S.C.    See  Chester  ConRT-HonsE. 

Chester,  a  po?t- village  of  Tyler  co.,  Tex.,  15  miles  by 
rail  AV.  of  Colmesneil.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  300. 

Chester,  a  post-office  of  San  Pete  co.,  Utah. 

Chester,  a  post-village  of  AVindsor  co.,  Vt.,  in  Chester 
township,  on  AVilliams  River,  and  on  the  Central  A''ermont 
Railroad,  39  miles  S.E.  of  Rutland.  It  has  3  churches  and 
a  graded  school.  The  township  has  manufactures  of  car- 
riages, lumber,  boots,  sash,  <&c.    Pop.  of  the  township,  2052. 

Chester,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chesterfield  co.,  Va.,  13  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Richmond.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  100. 

Chester,  a  post-village  of  Spokane  co.,  AVash.,  10  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Spokane.     It  has  several  stores,  Ac. 

Chester,  a  village  of  Dodge  co.,  AVis.,  on  Horicon  Lake 
or  Marsh,  14  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Juneau.  It  has  2  acad- 
emies and  a  mineral  spring.     Pop.  about  200. 

Chester,  or  Chester  West,  a  post-village  in  Artha- 
baska  co.,  Quebec,  on  a  branch  of  the  Nicolet,  8  miles  from 
Saint  Christophe  d'Arthabaska.  It  has  saw-mills,  2  rich 
copper-mines,  a  lead-mine,  and  a  large  trade  in  lumber  and 
in  pot-  and  pearl-ashes.     Pop.  250. 

Chester,  a  post-village  in  Lunenburg  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
on  a  basin  of  the  same  name,  at  the  head  of  Mahone  Bay, 
45  miles  AV.S.AV.  of  Halifax.  It  has  a  fish-trade.  Chester 
Basin  is  studded  with  islands,  of  which  there  are  said  to 
be  365.  The  village  has  several  stores,  a  warm  alkaline 
spring,  and  is  a  favorite  summer  resort.     Pop.  900. 

Chester  Basin,  a  post-village,  5  miles  from  the  above, 
is  romantically  situated.     It  contains  2  stores.     Pop.  300. 

Chester  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Poweshiek  co.,  Iowa. 

Chester  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Hampden  co.,  Mass., 
in  Chester  township. 

Chester  Court-House,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Chester  co.,  S.C,  is  on  the  Charlotte,  Columbia  A  Augusta 
Railroad,  45  miles  S.  by  AV.  from  Charlotte,  and  65  miles 
N.  by  AV.  from  Columbia.  The  Chester  A  Lenoir  Railroad, 
90  miles  long,  extends  from  this  place  to  Lenoir,  N.C. 
Chester  has  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  7 
churches.    Pop.  in  1880,  1899;  in  1890,  2703. 

Chester  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Chester  co., 
runs  southeastward  through  Delaware  co.,  and  enters  the 
Delaware  River  at  the  city  of  Chester. 

Chester  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of  Geauga  co., 
0.,  in  Chester  township,  about  22  miles  E.  of  Cleveland. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Chester  Depot,  a  post-village  of  AVindsor  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Chester  township,  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railro.ad,  about 
40  miles  S.E.  of  Rutland.  It  has  manufactures  of  carriages, 
furniture,  sash,  blinds,  Ac. 

Ches'terfield,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  24  miles  by 
rail  N.N.E.  of  Derby,  on  the  Rother  and  a  canal  connect- 
ing it  with  the  Trent.  It  is  irregularly  built.  The  prin- 
cipal edifices  are  a  cruciform  church  of  the  thirteenth  cen- 
tury, with  a  remarkable  twisted  spire  230  feet  high,  various 
schools,  almshouses,  literary  and  mechanics'  institutions, 
the  town  hall,  jail,  workhouse,  prison,  and  assembly-rooms. 
It  has  manufactures  of  cottons,  silks,  lace,  hosiery,  worsted, 
earthenware,  and  machinery ;  and  in  its  vicinity  are  iron-, 
coal-,  and  lead-mines.     Pop.  in  1891,  13,242. 

Ches'terfield,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  South 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  750  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Great  Pedee  River,  and  on  the 
AV.  by  Lynch's  Creek,  and  is  traversed  by  the  Cheraw  A 
Darlington  Railroad.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  mostly  cov- 
ered with  forests ;  the  soil  is  said  to  be  sandy.  Cotton  and 
Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products,  and  gold  is  mined  in 
this  county.  Quartz  occurs  in  connection  with  the  gold 
The  county  is  traversed  by  the  Cheraw  A  Darlington,  the 
Cheraw  A  Salisbury,  and  the  Palmetto  Railroads.  Capital, 
Chesterfield  Court-House.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,584;  in  1880, 
16,345;  in  1890,  18,468. 

Chesterfield,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  A'^irginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  450  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  and  N.E.  by  the  James  River,  and  on  the  S.  by  the 
Appomattox  River.  The  surface  is  uneven  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests;  the  soil  is  mostly  inferior.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products.  Coal-mines 
have  been  opened  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Richmond  A  Danville  Railroad  and  the  Richmond  A  Peters- 
burg Railroad.  Capital,  Chesterfield  Court-House.  Pop. 
in  1870, 18,470  J  in  1880,  25,085;  in  1890,  26,211. 


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Chesterfield*  a  post-hamlet  of  New  London  oo.,  Conn., 
In  Montvllle  township,  8  miles  N.W.  of  New  London.  It 
haa  2  churchox,  a  grist-mill,  2  saw-mills,  and  2  mills  for 
cotton  bntts  uml  twino. 

Chesterfield,  a  post-village  of  Macoupin  co.,  111.,  in 
Chestorfleld  township,  about  28  miles  N.  of  Alton.  It  has 
S  ohurohes.    Coal  abounds  here. 

Chesterfield,  a  post-villaj^e  of  Madison  oo.,  Ind.,  in 
Union  township,  on  tho  West  Fork  of  White  River,  and  on 
the  Cleveland,  Columbus  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  which 
eonnects  Anderson  with  Muncio,  0  miles  E.  of  Anderson. 
It  has  a  ohuroh,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  20,1. 

Chesterfield,  a  post-office  of  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md. 

Chesterfield,  a  post-hamlot  of  Hampshire  co.,  Mass., 
in  Chesterfield  township,  about  25  miles  N.N.  W.  of  Spring- 
field. It  has  a  lumber-mill.  The  township  is  drained  by 
the  Westrteld  River.     Pop.  746. 

Chesterfield,  a  post-township  of  Macomb  co.,  Mich., 
is  bounded  on  tho  8.E.  by  Lake  St.  Clair,  and  intorsoctod 
by  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad.  Pop.  2213.  It  contains  a 
village  named  New  Baltimore.  Chesterfield  Station  is  29 
miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Detroit. 

Chesterfield,  a  post-township  of  Cheshire  co.,  N.H.,  is 
bounded  on  tho  W.  by  the  Connecticut  River.  Chesterfield 
Post-Office  is  at  Centre  Village,  about  10  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Keene.  Tho  township  contains  the  beautiful  Spofford  Lake 
and  a  village  named  Chesterfield  Factory.  There  is  a  large 
hotel  at  the  lake,  which  is  a  summer  resort.     Pop.  1289. 

Chesterfield,  township,  Burlington  co.,  N.J.    P.  1728. 

Chesterfield,  a  township  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
W.  border  of  Lake  Champlain.  Pop.  3019.  Port  Kent, 
Port  Douglas,  and  Port  Kendall  are  in  this  township. 

Chesterfield,  or  Chester  Hill,  a  post-village  of 
Morgan  co.,  0.,  in  Marion  township,  about  25  miles  W.  by 
N.  from  Marietta.  It  has  3  churches.  The  name  of  its 
post-ofiice  is  Chester  Hill.     Pop.  354. 

Chesterfield,  a  post- village  of  Henderson  co.,  Tenn.,  9 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Lexington.     It  has  several  general  stores. 

Chesterfield,  or  Chesterfield  Court-House,  a 
post-village,  capital  of  Chesterfield  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Bright- 
nope  Railroad,  about  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Richmond. 

Chesterfield,  or  Bons'ville,  a  post-village  in  Oxford 
CO.,  Ontario,  2  miles  from  Bright.     Pop.  100. 

Chesterfield  Court-Hoase,  a  post-village,  capital 
of  Chesterfield  co.,  S.C,  in  Chesterfield  township,  12  miles 
W.  of  Cheraw,  and  about  75  miles  N.E.  of  Columbia,  It 
has  a  church  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  200, 

Chcs'terficid  Fac'tory,  a  post-village  of  Cheshire  co., 
N.H.,  in  Chesterfield  township,  9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Keene. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  auger-bits,  gimlets, 
Bash,  blinds,  lumber,  &o. 

Ches'terfield  In'let,  a  long  and  narrow  inlet  of  the 
North-West  Territories,  stretching  N.  from  Hudson's  Bay. 
Entrance  in  lat.  63°  30'  N.,  Ion.  90°  40'  W.  Length,  250 
miles ;  greatest  breadth,  25  miles. 

Ches'tcr  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Va.,  4 
miles  from  Front  Royal.     It  has  a  church. 

Chester  Heights,  hits,  a  station  in  Delaware  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Philadelphia  &  Baltimore  Central  Railroad,  23  miles 
from  Philadelphia. 

Chester  Hill,  Morgan  co.,  Ohio.    See  Chesterfield. 

Chester  Junction,  in  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  is  on  the  Mor- 
ris A  Essex  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Chester  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  N.E.  of  Chester. 

Ches'ter-le-  Street,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  6  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Durham.  Its  church  was  formerly  collegiate; 
and  the  village,  which  is  on  the  ancient  Ermine  street,  was 
long  an  episcopal  see,  then  called  Cuneceastrc.     Pop.  2450. 

Chester  Park,  a  station  in  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Cleveland,  Columbus  <t  Cincinnati  and  Marietta  A  Cincinnati 
Railroads,  6  miles  N.  of  Cincinnati. 

Chester  River  rises  in  Kent  co.,  Del.,  and  passes 
thence  into  Maryland.  It  runs  westward  and  southwest- 
ward,  forms  the  boundary  between  Kent  and  Queen  Anne 
COS.  (of  Maryland),  and  enters  Chesapeake  Bay.  Sloops 
can  ascend  it  about  25  miles. 

Chester  Springs,  or  Yellow  Springs,  a  post-vil- 
lage and  summer  resort  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Picker- 
ing Valley  Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Phoenixville,  and 
about  30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a  mineral 
spring,  and  a  school  for  orphans. 

Chester  Station,  a  post-village  of  Dodge  co.,  Wis., 
in  Chester  township,  on  Iloricon  Lake  or  Marsh,  and  on 
the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  16  miles  S.W.  of 
Fond  du  Lac.    It  has  a  mineral  spring  and  a  hotel.    P.  100. 

<^hes'terton,  a  beautiful  post-village  of  Porter  co., 
Ind.,  in  West  Chester  township,  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Mich- 


igan Southern  Railroad,  41  miles  E.8.E.  of  Chicago,  tn<| 
about  1  mile  from  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad.  U  Im 
6  churchef,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  an  organ-fiictorv 
a  graded  school,  a  saw-mill,  4  brick-yards,  <tc.  Pop  i 
1890,  931 ;  of  the  township,  2629. 

Ches'tertown,  a  thriving  post-village,  capital  of  Kti: 
00.,  Md.,  on  the  right  bank  of  Chester  River,  about  25  mili 
from  its  entrance  into  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  55  milcg  1,, 
water  E.  of  Baltimore.  It  is  on  the  Kent  County  Railroni 
and  at  the  head  of  navigation.  Steamboats  ply  daily  be- 
tween Baltimore  and  this  place.  It  is  the  seat  of  Wusliin;;. 
ton  College,  founded  in  1782,  and  has  6  churches,  a  new 
court-house,  2  national  banks,  a  paper-mill,  a  flour-mill,  6 
phosphate  factories,  Ac.  Two  newspapers  are  published 
here.     Pop.  in  1890,  2632. 

Chestertown,  a  post-town  and  summer  resort  of 
Warren  co.,  N.Y.,  49  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Saratoga,  and  8 
miles  E.  of  the  Hudson  River.  It  has  5  ciiurchcs,  aa 
academy,  a  union  school,  a  grist-mill,  and  manufactures  of 
leather  and  lumber.  The  name  of  its  station  is  River8id^ 
Pop.  in  1890,  2173. 

ChesHervale',  a  station  in  Logan  co.,  111.,  on  tb« 
Pekin,  Lincoln  A  Decatur  Railroad,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Lincoln. 

Ches'ter  VaI'ley,  a  post-office  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  at 
Howellville,  on  the  Chester  Valley  Railroad. 

Ches'terville,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Douglu 
CO.,  III.,  in  Bourbon  township,  on  the  Illinois  Midland  Rail- 
road,  4i  miles  W.  of  Areola. 

Chesterville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co..  Me.,  In 
Chesterville  township,  about  27  miles  N.W.  of  Augusta. 
It  has  a  tannery  and  1  or  2  lumber-mills,  also  quarries  of 
granite.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1011. 

Chesterville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Md.,  about 
50  miles  E.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  81. 

Chesterville,  a  post-village  of  Pontotoc  oo..  Miss., 
about  10  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Pontotoc,  the  capital  of  the 
county.     It  h.as  a  general  store. 

Chesterville,  a  hamlet  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Cinnaminson  township,  3  miles  from  Moorestown.  It  has 
a  flour-mill. 

Chesterville,  a  village  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  about  18 
miles  S.W.  of  Albany,  and  in  Westerlo  township.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Westerlo.     Pop.  247. 

Chesterville,  a  post-village  of  Morrow  co.,  0.,  in 
Chester  township,  near  Vernon  River,  44  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Columbus.    It  has  4  churches  and  a  union  school.    Pop.  282. 

Chesterville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  about 
18  miles  S.W.  of  West  Chester,  and  2i  miles  from  Landea- 
burg  Railroad  Station. 

Chesterville,  S.C.    See  Chester  Court-House. 

Chesterville,  Ontario.    See  Winchester. 

Chester  West,  Quebec.    See  Chester, 

Chestnut,  ches'niit,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Ala., 
3  miles  E.  of  Buena  Vista.     It  has  2  stores,  Ac. 

Chestnut,  a  township  of  Knox  co..  III.     Pop.  1144. 

Chestnut,  a  post-hamlet  of  Logan  co..  III.,  13  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Clinton,  and  10  miles  S.E.  of  Lincoln.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  tile-factory,  a  grist-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  165. 

Chestnut,  a  station  in  McCracken  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville  A  Paduoah  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Paducah. 

Chestnut  Bluffs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crockett  co.,  Tenn., 
11  miles  N.W.  of  Alamo.  It  has  a  church  and  several 
general  stores  and  business  houses. 

Chestnut  Fork,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  co.,  Va.,  10 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Liberty.     It  has  a  church. 

Chestnut  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fannin  co.,  Oa.,  5 
miles  (direct)  W.  of  Morganton. 

Chestnut  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Ky.,  8 
miles  N.  of  Shelby  ville.    It  has  2  stores. 

Chestnut  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gallia  co.,  0.,  about 
22  miles  W.  of  Pomeroy. 

Chestnut  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Ind., 
about  12  miles  E.  of  Salem. 

Chestnut  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  6 
miles  N.  of  Belair.     It  has  a  church. 

Chestnut  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Middlesex  co.,  Ma«., 
is  on  the  New  York  A  New  England  Railroad,  in  the  6th 
ward  of  the  city  of  Newton,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Boston. 

Chestnut  Hill,  a  station  in  Essex  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Montclair  A  Greenwood  Lake  Railroad,  12  miles  AV.N.W. 
of  Jersey  City. 

Chestnut  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C.,  5  miles 
N.E.  of  Jefl"erson.     Pop.  of  Chestnut  Hill  township,  1412. 

Chestnut  Hill,  township,  Monroe  co..  Pa.     P.  1419. 

Chestnut  Hill,  a  post-suburb  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  is 
at  the  terminus  of  the  Germantown  A  Chestnut  Hill  Branches 
of  the  Philadelphia  A  Reading  and  Pennsylvania  Railroads, 


CUE 


871 


cm 


12  miles  N.N.W.  of  the  initial  stations  at  Philadelphia. 
Here  are  6  churches,  a  convent,  a  Catholic  academy,  and 
many  fine  residences.  The  post-oflSce  is  a  branch  of  the 
Philadelphia  Post-OflBce. 

Chestnut  Hill,  a  post-ofBce  of  Jefferson  co.,  Tenn. 

Chestnut  Lev'el,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa., 
in  Drumore  township,  2i  miles  from  Goshen  Station.  It 
has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Chestnut  Level,  a  post-office  of  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va. 

Chestnut  Mound,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smith  co.,  Tenn., 
28  miles  E.  of  Lebanon.     It  has  a  church. 

Chestnut  Ridge,  Pennsylvania,  is  a  long  mountain- 
ridge  extending  through  Indiana,  Fayette,  and  Westmore- 
iland  cos.  It  is  nearly  straight,  more  than  130  miles  long, 
land  its  direction  is  N.N.E.  and  S.S.W.  It  rises  about  20(10 
ifeet  above  the  sea-level.  The  portion  of  it  which  is  in  the 
jS.  part  of  Fayette  co.  is  called  Laurel  Kidge.  Good  coal 
'abounds  at  the  base  of  Chestnut  llidge. 

Chestnut  Ridge,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Jackson 
CO.,  Ind.,  on   the  Jeffersonvillo,  Madison  <fc  Indianapolis 
Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Seymour.     It  has  a  saw-mill  and 
a  stave-factory. 
'     Chestnut  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Laurel  co.,  Ky. 

Chestnut  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y., 
about  20  miles  E.  of  Poughkeepsie.     It  has  a  church. 

Chestnut  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Yadkin  co.,  N.C. 

Chestnut  Ridge,  a  station  in  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  on 
the  railroad  from  Youngstown  to  Sharon,  II  miles  N.E.  of 

IYoungstown. 
Chestnut  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  Tenn., 
12  miles  S.  from  Shelbyville.     It  has  a  church,  2  stores, 
and  a  wagon-shop. 

Chesto'nia,  a  post-township  of  Antrim  co.,  Mich., 
contains  Cascade  Station  on  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana 
Railroad.     It  has  forests  of  beech,  elm,  maple,  pine,  <fec. 

Chest  Springs,  a  post-borough  of  Cambria  co..  Pa., 
about  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Altoona.  It  has  2  churches,  2 
steam  lumber-mills,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  269. 

Ches'tuee'  Mills,  a  post-office  and  flour-mill  of  Polk 
CO.,  Tenn.,  1  mile  from  the  Hiawassee  River. 

Chesun'cook  Lake,  in  Piscataquis  co..  Me.,  is  an 
expansion  of  the  Penobscot  River,  which  enters  its  N.W. 
end  and  issues  from  the  S.E.  part  of  it.  This  lake  is  about 
20  miles  long  and  2  miles  wide. 

Cheta'cliee  Creek,  of  Alabama,  enters  the  Alabama 
River  from  the  N.AV.  about  18  miles  below  Cahawba. 

Chet'eo,  a  post-offico  of  Curry  co.,  Oregon. 

Chetek,  shet'ak,  a  post-village  of  Barron  co.,  Wis., 
about  10  miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Cameron  Junction,  and 
15  miles  S.E.  of  Barron.  It  has  3  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a 
public  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  500. 

Chet'icamp,  a  post-settlement  in  Inverness  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  is  on  Cape  Breton  Island,  and  on  the  Gulf  of  St. 
Lawrence,  58  miles  N.  of  Mabou.  Lat.  46°  36'  30"  N.  ,• 
lon.,  61°  3' 10"  W.     It  has  extensive  fisheries.     Pop.  1915. 

Chetimaches  (chet-tim-atch'iz  or  shet^mash')  Lake, 
or  Lake  Grand,  in  the  southern  part  of  Louisiana, 
touches  the  parishes  of  Iberia,  St.  Martin,  and  St.  Mary's. 
It  is  about  35  miles  long  and  10  miles  wide,  but  very 
shallow.  It  is  chiefly  supplied  by  the  overflowing  of  the 
Atchafalaya  Bayou,  which  also  serves  as  its  outlet. 

Chetopa,  she-to'pa,  a  post-village  of  Labette  co.,  Kan- 
sas, on  the  Neosho  River,  about  9  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Oswego. 
It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  2  flour-mills,  a  foundry  and 
machine-shop,  a  pottery,  coal-mines,  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
planing-mill,  elevators,  and  a  school-building  which  cost 
$25,000.     Pop.  in  1890,  2265. 

Chetopa,  a  township  of  Neosho  co.,  Kansas.   Pop.  522. 

Chetopa,  a  township  of  Wilson  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  596. 

Chet'wa%  spelled  also  Chetwai  and  Chaitwa,  a 
town  of  India,  on  the  W.  coast,  65  miles  E.S.E.  of  Calicut. 

Cheux,  shuh,  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Calvados,  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Mue,  10  miles  W.  of  Caen.     Pop.  952. 

Cheverie,  shfiv^^h-ree',  a  post-village  in  Hants  co., 
Nova  Scotia,  on  Minas  Basin,  18  miles  N.  of  Newport. 
It  exports  30,000  tons  of  gypsum  annually.     Pop.  200. 

Chcviliy,  sh^h-vee^yee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Loiret, 
9  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Orleans.     Pop.  1572. 

Cheviot,  chev'e-ot,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  C, 
in  Green  township,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Cincinnati.  It  is 
finely  situated  on  high  ground,  and  has  6  churches. 

Cheviot,  chev'e-ot,  a  post-village  in  Bruce  co.,  On- 
tario, 14  miles  from  Walkerton.     Pop.  100. 

Cheviot  (chev'e-9t)  Fells,  a  mountain-range  of  South 
Africa,  in  Cape  Colony,  extending  between  the  Groen-Ber- 
gen  on  the  W.  and  Hyndhope  Fells  on  the  E.,  about  lat. 
»18°  30'  S. 


Cheviot  (chiv'e-9t  or  chev'e-ot)  Hills,  a  range  ex- 
tending from  N.E.  to  S.W.,  between  England  and  Scotland, 
in  the  counties  of  Northumberland  and  Roxburgh,  but  mostly 
in  the  former  county,  in  which  they  occupy  about  10,000 
acres.  They  are  of  trap  formation,  porphyry,  and  green- 
stone, and  intersect  the  old  red  sandstone  and  mountain 
limestone  strata.  They  afford  excellent  pasture  for  sheep. 
Grouse  are  abundant.  The  Cheviot  Peak,  7  miles  S.W.  ol 
Wooler,  is  2684  feet,  and  Carter  Fell,  2020  feet  high. 

Chevreuse,  shSvVuz',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-et- 
Oise,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Versailles,  on  the  Yvette.     Pop.  1989. 

Chewalla,  she-vpil'la,  a  post-office  and  station  of 
McNairy  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Memphis  &  Charleston  Bail- 
road,  84  miles  E.  of  Memphis.     It  has  2  churches. 

Chewalla  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  Miss.,  on 
Chewalla  Creek,  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Holly  Springs.  It  has  » 
church,  a  flour-mill,  and  an  academy. 

Chew's  Landing,  a  post-village  of  Camden  co.,  N.J., 
3  miles  S.  of  Mt.  Ephraim  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2 
churches  and  an  academy.     Pop.  300. 

Chewsville,  chuz'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington 
CO.,  Md.,  on  the  Western  Maryland  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of 
Hagerstown.     It  has  a  church. 

Chew'ton,  a  mining-borough  of  Victoria,  Australia,  in 
Talbot  CO.,  on  Forest  Creek.     Pop.  2387. 

Chew'town,  a  hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Beaver  River,  at  Wampum  Station,  9  miles  S.  of  New  Castle. 

Chcychun,  chi'chun',  a  town  of  Sinde,  on  the  Indus, 
60  miles  N.N.W.  of  Hyderabad. 

Cheyenne,  shrenn',  a  county  forming  the  N.W.  ex- 
tremity of  Kansas.  Area,  1020  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Republican  River.  Capital,  Bird  City.  Pop.  in 
1890,4401. 

Cheyenne,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Nebraska,  bor- 
ders on  Colorado.  It  is  intersected  by  the  North  Platte 
River  and  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Sidney. 
Pop.  in  1880,  1558,-  in  1890,  5693. 

Cheyenne,  the  capital  of  Wyoming,  and  of  Laramie 
CO.,  is  on  the  eastern  slope  of  the  Laramie  range  of  moun- 
tains, 6000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  It  is  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad  at  its  junction  with  the  Burlington 
<fc  Missouri  River  Railroad  system,  106  miles  N.  of  Denver, 
616  miles  W.  of  Omaha,  and  513  miles  E.  of  Ogden.  Lat. 
41°  12'  N.;  Ion.  104°  42'  W.  Coal  or  lignite  and  iron  are 
found  near  this  town.  It  contains  10  churches,  2  national 
banks,  1  other  bank,  and  the  workshops  of  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad  Company.  Three  daily  and  2  weekly  news- 
papers are  issued  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  11,690. 

Cheyenne  Indians,  a  tribe  in  the  United  States,  long 
associated  with  the  Arapahoes,  but  believed  by  many  eth- 
nologists to  be  of  Algonquin  stock.  They  are  in  part  set- 
tled in  the  Indian  Territory,  and  are  now  few  in  numbers. 
They  are  athletic,  warlike,  and  fine  horsemen. 

Cheyenne  Mountain,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Front 
Range,  has  an  altitude  of  9848  feet.  Lat.  38°  44'  N. ;  Ion. 
104°  62'  30"  W. 

Cheyenne  River,  an  affluent  of  the  Missouri,  is 
formed  by  two  branches,  which  rise  in  Wyoming.  The 
Northern  Branch,  sometimes  called  Belle  Fourche,  runs 
first  northeastward,  and  enters  South  Dakota,  in  which  it 
flows  eastward  and  southeastward  along  the  northern  base 
of  the  Black  Hills.  The  South  Fork  runs  eastward,  and 
enters  South  Dakota  near  the  southern  base  of  the  Black 
Hills.  It  subsequently  traverses  the  Bad  Lands  {Maiivaisea 
Terres),  and  runs  northeastward  until  it  unites  with  the 
other  branch,  about  lat.  44°  20'  N.  and  Ion.  102°  20'  W. 
The  main  river  flows  nearly  northeastward,  and  enters  the 
Missouri  River  about  lat.  44°  48'  N.  Each  of  the  branches 
is  nearly  350  miles  long.  The  length  of  the  river  below 
their  junction  is  estimated  at  150  miles.  Its  name  is  some- 
times written  Shaijuen,  Shienne,  and  Big  Cheyenne.  The  two 
branches  environ  the  Black  Hills  on  every  side. 

Cheyenne  Wells,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Cheyenne 
CO.,  Col.,  25  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Kit  Carson.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  broom-factory,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  400. 

Cheyney,  chi'n?,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Delaware 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  West  Chester  k  Philadelphia  Railroad,  23 
miles  W.  of  Philadelphia.     Much  milk  is  shipped  here. 

Ch6zy  I'Abbaye,  shi'zee'  lib'bi',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Aisne,  4  miles  S.  of  Chateau-Thierry.     Pop.  1277. 

Chhatisgarh,  a  district  of  India.    See  Chutteesgukh. 

Chhatrapur,  a  state  of  India.    See  Chattekpoor. 

Chhindwara,  a  town  of  India.    See  Ciiindwara. 

Chhota-Nagpur.     See  Chuta-Nagpoor. 

Chiajano,  or  Chiaiano,  kee-4-yi'no,  a  village  of 
Italy,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Naples.     Pop.  3209. 


cm 


672 


cm 


ChianipO)  ke-lin'po,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  gor- 
•rninont  of  Vcnioe,  12-  miles  W.  of  Vicenio.     Pop.  3627. 

Chiainut,  a  Tillage  of  Switxerlond.    See  Ciamot. 

Chiana,  ke-&'n&  (one.  Cla'nit),  a  small  river  of  Central 
Italy,  ilividod  into  two  branohos,  tlie  one  being  an  aflluent 
of  the  Arno,  which  it  joins  5  miloa  N.W.  of  Aroito,  after  a 
course  of  35  miles ;  the  other  joins  the  Paglia.  The  two  are 
eonnectod  by  the  Chiana  Canal,  37  miles  in  length,  begun 
in  15SI  and  finished  in  1623,  by  which  a  largo  tract  of 
land  has  been  drained  and  rendered  fertile. 

Chianciano,  ko-An-ohi'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Siona,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Montepulciano,     Pop.  2 169. 

Chiaiiti)  ko-&n'tco,  that  part  of  Italy  which  lies  be- 
tween the  sources  of  the  Arbia,  Ambra,  and  Ombrone, 
forming  part  of  the  water-shed  betwoon  their  baeins  and 
the  basin  of  the  Arno. 

Chiaiitia,  cho-&nt'l&,  a  river  of  Guatemala,  rises  in 
the  volcanic  chain  which  traverses  the  centre  of  Guatemala, 
and,  after  a  N.W.  course  of  150  miles,  joins  the  Usumasinta, 
on  the  lea,  in  lat.  17°  10'  N.,  Ion.  91°  53'  W. 

Chiantia,  a  town  of  Quatomala,  on  the  above-named 
river,  128  miles  S.W.  of  Guatemala. 

Chiapa,  cho-&'p&.,  or  Las  Chiapas,  lis  che-&'p&s,  a 
state  in  the  S.E.  of  Mexico,  having  Guatemala  on  the  S.E. 
and  the  Pacific  on  the  S.W.  Area,  16,048  square  miles. 
It  comprises  a  portion  of  the  table- land  of  Central  America, 
traversed  by  the  Usumasinta  and  Tabasco.  The  highlands 
have  an  agreeable  climate,  but  the  lower  lands  are  hot  and 
sickly.  Capital,  San  Cristobal  (formerly  called  Ciudad 
Real,  and  Ciudad  de  Las  Casas).     Pop.  242,000. 

Chiapa  de  los  ludios,  che-&'p&  di  loce  een'do-oce, 
a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Chiapa,  30  miles  W.  of  San  Cris- 
tobal.    Pop.  1600. 

Chiaramonte,  ke-&V&-mon't&,  a  town  of  Sicily,  11 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Modica,     Pop.  9223. 

Chiaramonte,  a  village  of  Sardinia,  14  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Sassari.     Pop.  1904. 

Chiaravaile,  ke-iVi-vil'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Catanzaro,  near  the  Gulf  of  Squillace,  17  miles  S.W.  of 
Catanaaro.     Pop.  2927. 

Chiaravalle,  an  abbey  in  Italy,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Milan, 
originally  a  Cistercian  monastery,  founded  by  St.  Bernard. 

Chiarbola,  ke-an'bo-li,  a  suburb  of  Triest,  in  Austria. 
Pop.  12,521. 

Chiarenza,  a  village  of  Greece.    See  Klauentza. 

Chiari,ke-i'ree,  atownof  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  14  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Brescia.  Pop.  9479.  It  has  numerous  churches, 
and  flourishing  manufactures  of  silk  fabrics  and  twist. 
Here  Prince  Eugene  gained  a  victory  over  Mar6chal  Ville- 
roi,  on  1st  September,  1701. 

Chiaroinonte,  ke-i-ro-mon'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  42  miles  S.E.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  3136. 

Chiasso,  ke-is'so,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Ticino,  with  a  oustom-houso  on  the  frontier  of  Italy,  4  miles 
N.W.  of  Como.     Pop.  1345. 

Chiavari,  ke-i'vi-re,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  17 
miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Genoa,  on  the  Gulf  of  Rapallo,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Sturla.  Pop.  11,521.  It  is  enclosed  by 
cultivated  hills,  and  is  well  built  and  flourishing.  Streets 
narrow  and  bordered  with  arcades ;  the  houses  present  much 
curious  architecture ;  old  and  picturesque  towers  are  dotted 
about  the  town,  and  in  the  vicinity  are  many  handsome 
villas.  Principal  edifices,  three  richly-adorned  churches,  a 
hospital,  and  a  convent.  It  has  lace-  and  silk-factories,  an 
anchovy-fishery,  Ac.  Marble  and  slate  are  quarried  in  its 
neighborhood. 

Chiavenna,  ke-&-ven'n&  (anc.  Clavenna),  a  town  of 
Italy,  on  the  Maira,  province  and  20  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Sondrio.  Pop.  3930.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls  and  well  built ; 
it  has  6  churches,  to  one  of  which  is  attached  a  baptistery, 
and  manufactures  of  silk  fabrics,  also  of  pottery  made  from 
a  peculiar  soft  stone.  The  Septimer  and  SplUgen  roads 
meeting  here,  Chiavenna  has  an  active  trade. 

Chibin,  or  Chibin-ei-Koom«    See  SnGrBERN. 

Chibogomou,  she-bog'o-moo,  a  lake  of  the  North- 
West  Territories,  Canada,  283  miles  N.  of  Montreal.  It 
stretches  to  the  N.E.  some  25  miles,  and  empties  by  two  out- 
lets into  another  parallel  lake  on  the  N.W.  side.  These 
lakes  have  their  outlet  into  the  Notaway  River,  a  stream 
flowing  into  James's  Bay.  Chibogomou  Lake  is  studded 
with  numerous  islands,  and  its  shores  are  low  and  rocky. 

Chicabalapoor,  a  town  of  India.    See  Ballapoor. 

Chic*acole',  or  Cicacole,  sik'i-kol',  a  town  of 
India,  Madras  presidency,  district  and  107  miles  S.W.  of 
Ganjam.  It  is  irregular  and  chiefly  built  of  mud,  but  has 
some  good  houses,  cantonments  for  troops,  and  manufac- 
tures of  excellent  muslins.     Pop.  12,800. 


Chicago,  sho-kuh'go,  the  largest  city  of  Illinois,  and 
second  in  point  of  )>opulutiun  in  the  United  States,  is  situ- 
ated at  the  mouth  of  Chicago  River,  on  the  southwestern 
bond  of  Luke  Michigan.  Lat.  of  city  hall,  41°  03'  3"  N.; 
Ion.  87°  37'  30"  W. 

The  name  "  Chicago"  is  of  Indian  origin,  signifying  the 
widely-varying  titles  of  a  king  or  deity,  a  skunk,  and  s 
wild  onion.  It  was  also  applied  to  a  valiant  lino  of  chiefs, 
and  to  the  voice  of  the  Great  Munitou.  The  first  Eurupuuns 
known  to  have  visited  the  site  were  two  French  fur-tniders 
in  1654.  In  August,  1673,  the  two  explorers  Louis  Juliet 
and  Father  Jacques  Marquette  passed  down  the  river  to 
the  lake,  nnd  for  a  time  this  region  was  in  the  possostiion  of 
France.  In  1795  the  Indian  residents  ceded  to  the  United 
States  an  area  of  six  miles  square,  on  which,  in  1803,  Furt 
Dearborn  was  erected.  The  first  permanent  white  iieltler 
WHS  John  Kinzie,  a  Canadian,  who  came  to  Chi(Mi>;<i  in 
1804.  The  fort  was  burned  by  the  Indians  in  Ibll',  iinj 
most  of  the  white  people,  about  50  in  all,  wore  ma!':'acici|. 
Four  years  later  the  fort  was  rebuilt,  and  two  years  ut'tur- 
wards  the  surrounding  territory  was  organized  into  the 
State  of  Illinois.  In  1831  the  county  of  Cook  was  created, 
with  Chicago  as  the  county  seat.  It  was  incorporated  into 
a  town  on  August  10,  1833,  at  which  time  there  were  about 
a  dozen  families  settled  around  the  fort.  In  the  same  year 
the  first  newspaper,  known  as  the  Chicago  Democrat,  wag 
established. 

The  city  was  formed  in  1837,  with  a  population  of  4170. 
This  was  followed  with  4853  in  1840,  29,993  in  1850, 112,172 
in  1860,  298,977  in  1870,  503,185  in  1880, 1,099,850  in  18UU, 
and  1,450,000  at  the  close  of  1892. 

Chicago  is  a  port  of  entry,  and  the  most  important  cen- 
tre of  commerce  in  the  Northwestern  states,  'i'he  business 
portion  of  the  city  stands  approximately  600  feet  above 
sea-level,  and  about  15  feet  above  the  level  of  the  lake. 
The  length  of  the  city  from  N.  to  S.  is  24  miles,  breiulth 
E.  to  W.  about  10  miles, — covering  an  area  of  about  181 
square  miles.  Chicago  is  divided  by  the  Chicago  River 
and  its  branches  into  3  parts,  called  the  N.,  S.,  and  W, 
divisions,  which  are  connected  by  63  bridges,  besides  which 
are  2  stone  cable-cur  tunnels  built  under  the  river-bed,  one 
1890  feet  long,  under  the  main  river,  the  other  161)8  feet 
long,  under  the  South  Branch.  The  city  is  well  laid  out, 
the  streets  being  in  the  main  so  arranged  that  those  ])arallel 
to  the  river  are  intersected  at  regular  intervals  and  at  right 
angles  by  the  others.  Thus  the  buildings,  especially  in  the 
business  portion,  are  grouped  and  separated  into  convenient 
blocks.  There  are,  owing  to  recent  annexations,  over  2426 
miles  of  streets  and  alleys,  the  former  being  principally  SO 
feet  wide,  of  which  over  868  miles  are  paved,  mostly  with 
granite  nnd  wooden  block  paving.  There  are  over  400 
miles  of  horse  and  cable  street  railways,  extending  to  all 
parts  of  the  city  and  its  suburbs,  besides  3  steam  elevated 
railways.  The  sewers  make  a  total  of  978  miles.  The 
streets,  and  public  and  private  buildings,  mammoth  office 
structures,  stores,  and  dwellings,  are  well  lighted  by  gas 
and  electricity.  The  city  has  a  superbly  appointed  fire- 
department,  with  a  complete  system  of  fire-alarm  stiitionf", 
and  steam  fire-engines,  chemical  engines,  river  fire-bouts, 
Ac,  operated  by  about  1100  men  nnd  450  horses.  The 
water-supply  is  ample,  and  the  water  pure,  the  supply 
being  obtained  from  Lake  Michigan  through  five  brick  tun- 
nels running  parallel  under  the  lake,  with  a  total  capacity 
of  480,000,000  gallons  of  water  per  day.  Chicago  bus  also 
a  system  of  parks,  9  in  number,  covering  nearly  2600  acres, 
and  boulevards  which  afford  a  drive  of  about  95  miles.  It 
is  one  of  the  healthiest  of  the  large  cities  of  the  country. 
The  rate  of  mortality  for  1892  was  19.93. 

The  public  school  system  of  Chicago  embraces  12  higk 
schools,  130  grammar  schools,  and  48  primary  schools,  with 
3420  teachers  and  138,847  pupils.  Besides  the  public  edu- 
cational institutions  there  are  over  220  kindergarten,  pri- 
vate and  parochial  schools,  and  business  colleges,  with  about 
2200  teachers  and  nearly  100,000  pupils.  The  parochial 
schools  are  mainly  supported  by  the  Lutherans,  the  Roman 
Catholics,  and  other  distinctive  denominations.  There  are 
5  theological  seminaries,  34  medical,  dental,  pharmaceu- 
tical, and  veterinary  colleges  and  societies,  a  college  of  law, 
a  manual  training  school,  an  industrial  school  for  girls,  8 
art  institutes,  12  scientific  associations,  and  13  schools  of 
music.  The  police  force  has  a  total  of  2700  men,  with  33 
police-station  buildings,  each  of  which  is  furnished  with 
a  patrol  wagon,  and  all  of  them  connected  by  telephone 
service.  There  are  about  2000  police-  and  fire-alarm 
boxes. 

Chicago  has  650  churches,  comprising  a  fair  proportion 
I  of  all  the  leading  and  one  or  more  representative  societies 


CHI 


873 


cm 


0  most  of  the  minor  denominatioDS,  including  a  large 
limber  of  missions.  Identified  with  or  controlled  by  the 
Y-ioua  Protestant  churches  and  missions  are  about  6U0 
fnday-schools,  having  nearly  127,000  scholars,  under 
put  12,000  officers  and  teachers.  The  city  is  liberally 
( jplied  with  newspapers,  magazines,  and  periodicals,  num- 

•  king  over  400  in  all,  including  24  dailies.  There  are  17 
."iraries  and  reading-rooms,  including  the  public  library 

•th  its  185,000  volumes  of  books,  and  several  hospitals, 
'irmarics,  asylums,  prisons,  police-stations,  almshouse,  <fec. 
lie  United  States  Government  Building  (post-office,  cus- 
m-house,  law-courts,  and  internal  revenue  department), 
lich  occupies  an  entire  block,  cost  $6,000,000. 
The  county  court-house  and  city  hall  is  a  dual  structure, 
|3upying  the  square  bounded  by  Clark,  La  Salle,  Wash- 
Iglon,  and  Randolph  Streets,  with  a  frontage  of  340  feet 

1  the  east  and  west  sides  and  280  feet  on  the  north  and 
iuth.  It  is  by  far  the  most  massive  and  elaborate  public 
iiilding  in  Chicago,  and  its  style  of  architecture  is  the 
'odern  French  Jienaissance.  The  total  cost  was  nearly 
1,000,000.  The  corner-stone  of  the  new  criminal  court 
iiilding  was  laid  on  the  site  of  the  old  one,  November  15, 
i.92.  The  present  structure  has  a  frontage  of  204  feet  on 
fichigan  Street.  The  county  jail  is  in  the  rear  of  it.  The 
flifice  of  the  Board  of  Trade  is  one  of  the  most  notable 
(ghts  of  Chicago.  It  is  built  of  granite,  and  is  17.S  feet 
inches  wide,  160  feet  deep,  and,  with  the  tower,  240  feet 
|gh.  The  floor-surface  of  the  great  trading  hall  is  23,000 
liuare  feet,  the  walls  80  feet  high,  and  the  ceiling,  of 
,ass,  70  by  SO  feet.  The  total  cost  was  about  $1,700,000. 
Iicluded  in  the  places  of  amusement  are  30  theatres,  8 
fusic-halls,  and  several  museums,  with  numerous  clubs 
}id  literary  and  other  societies. 

1  One  of  the  principal  causes  of  the  prosperity  and  growth 
[:  Chicago  is  its  position  at  the  head  of  the  great  chain  of 
Lkcs  which  form  the  grandest  medium  of  internal  navi- 
'ntion  in  the  world.  It  is  also  the  centre  of  a  railroad 
/stem  embracing  27  leading  trunk  lines,  with  six  union 
lepots.  It  is  the  largest  primary  grain,  live-stock,  pork- 
lacking,  and  lumber  market  in  the  world.  The  imports  into 
ihicago  during  1892  make  a  total  in  value  of  $17,388,496, 
ind  the  amount  of  duties  collected  was  $7,490,578.91. 
f  The  first  shipment  of  wheat  was  made  from  Chicago  in 
1839,  and  amounted  to  but  1678  bushels.  In  1892  the  r_e- 
leipts  of  grain  of  all  kinds  (including  flour  calculated  in 
lushels)  were  265,832,554  bushels,  while  the  shipments 
i'ere  216,182,008  bushels.  As  a  further  criterion  for  esti- 
mating the  expansion  of  the  grain-trade,  it  may  be  noted 
bat  in  1857  the  total  capacity  of  the  grain-elevators  was 
1,095,000  bushels,  in  1870  it  was  11,630,000  bushels,  and 
liow  (1892)  it  is  30,075,000  bushels. 

i  The  receipts  of  live-stock  in  Chicago  for  the  year  1892 
!rere  as  follows:  Cattle,  3,611,796;  calves,  197,676;  hogs, 
,714,435  ;  sheep,  2,145,079  ;  horses,  86,998.  The  shipments 
ncluded  1,121,675  cattle,  2,926,945  hogs,  and  483,368  sheep, 
.'he  valuation  of  all  the  live-stock  received  aggregated 
1253,836,000.  The  shipments  of  cured  meats  were  372,000 
[Ons;  canned  meats,  1,428,331  cases;  dressed  beef,  606,172 
ens;  beef,  111,111  packages;  pork,  294,781  barrels;  lard, 
|.99,457  tons.  The  receipts  of  lumber  were  2,203,874,000 
;eet,  and  the  sales  and  shipments  2,300,000,000  feet.  The 
otal  value  of  all  produce  received  is  estimated  at  $507,- 
;IOO,000,  the  wholesale  business  at  $674,015,000,  and  the 
i)roduct  of  manufactures  at  $586,335,800.  The  bank  clear- 
'ngs  for  1892  were  $5,135,771,186,  against  $4,456,885,230 
n  1891.  The  Union  stock-yards,  in  the  southwestern 
portion  of  the  city,  is  the  largest  live-stock  market  in 
!:he  world,  covering  400  acres  of  land  and  costing  over 
•53,500,000.     It  was  established  in  1866. 

•  The  greatest  event  in  the  history  of  Chicago  was  the 
)3reat  Fire,  as  it  is  termed,  which  broke  out  on  the  evening 
{)f  October  8,  1871.  The  total  area  of  the  land  burned 
pver  was  2100  acres.  Nearly  20,000  buildings  were  con- 
sumed.    The  lives  lost  were  200,  and  the  grand  total  of 

t values  destroyed  is  estimated  at  $200,000,000.  This  was 
followed,  July  14, 1874,  by  another  conflagration,  in  which 

[BOO  houses  were  devoured,  the  loss  aggregating  $4,000,000. 

j     A  meeting  of  anarchists  was  held  in  the  Haymarket  on 

;May  4,  1886,  at  which  8  policemen  were  killed  and  60 
wounded  by  a  dynamite  bomb.  Four  anarchists  8ufi"ered 
the  penalty  of  death  for  the  crime,  November  11,  1887,  and 

.three  others  were  imprisoned. 

>  The  buildings  for  the  World's  Fair  Columbian  Exposi- 
tion, occupying,  with  the  grounds,  664  acres  in  Jackson 

'Park  and  Midway  Plaisance,  were  dedicated  October  12, 
1892,  to  be  opened  to  the  public  on  May  1,  1893. 
Chicago,  a  pcst-rillage  of  Marion  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
56 


Knoxville  Branch  of  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad, 
55  miles  S.S.E.  of  Louisville.  It  has  a  church  and  an 
academy.     Pop.  200. 

Chicago,  a  post-village  of  Huron  co.,  0.,  in  New  Haven 
township,  on  the  Chicago  division  of  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio 
Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Lake  Erie  division,  28 
miles  S.  of  Sandusky,  and  24  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Tiffin.  It 
has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  public  school,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  a  round-house  and  repair-shops  of  the  railroad.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1299. 

Chicago,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dawson  co.,  Texas,  on 
Sulphur  Creek,  about  45  miles  I?.W.  of  Big  Springs. 

Chicago  Junction,  a  station  in  Alcona  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Au  Sable  ifc  Northwestern  Railroad. 

Chicago  Lawn,  a  post-suburb  of  Chicago,  Cook  co., 
111.,  now  included  in  the  limits  of  the  city.  It  has  2 
churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of  brick. 
It  is  on  the  Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk  Railroad.     Pop.  2000. 

Chicago  Park,  a  post-office  of  Nevada  co.,  Cal. 

Chicago  River,  Illinois,  a  small  stream  which  runs 
through  the  city  of  Chicago  into  Lake  Michigan.  It  is 
formed  by  the  North  and  South  Branches,  which  unite  near 
the  middle  of  the  city,  or  about  1  mile  from  the  lake.  It 
has  been  widened  and  deepened  so  that  it  is  navigable  by 
vessels  of  500  tons.  A  connection  has  been  opened  betwceu 
the  South  Branch  and  the  Illinois  <fc  Michigan  Canal,  su 
that  the  current  is  reversed,  and  water  from  the  lake  flows 
through  the  river  into  the  canal,  and  thence  through  the 
Illinois  River  into  the  Mississippi. 

Chicapa,  che-ki'pi,  a  river  of  Mexico,  falls  into  « 
lagoon  communicating  with  the  Gulf  of  Tehuantepec,  after 
a  course  of  about  50  miles. 

Chicapa,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Oajaca,  25  miles 
N.W.  of  Tehuantepec,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name.  In  its 
environs  are  silver-mines,  at  one  time  important. 

Chich'agoff  Harbor,  a  port  in  the  island  of  Attoo, 
Alaska.     Lat.  52°  55'  42"  N. ;  Ion.  186°  47'  18"  "W. 

Chichagoff  Island,  one  of  the  northernmost  and 
largest  of  the  Alexander  Islands,  Alaska. 

Chichen,  che-chdn',  a  village  of  Mexico,  in  Yucatan, 
about  18  miles  S.W.  of  Valladolid,  with  the  remains  of  an 
ancient  Indian  city,  comprising  a  vast  ruined  building,  450 
feet  in  length,  a  pyramid  550  feet  square  at  the  base,  and  a 
remarkable  domed  edifice,  the  "house  of  the  caziques," 
ornamented  with  elaborate  sculptures. 

Chicherowly,  chitch'^r-Sw'lee,  a  town  of  North  Hin- 
dostan,  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Seharunpoor. 

Chichester,  chitch'^s-t^r  (anc.  Jieg'num),  a  city  of 
England,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Sussex,  14i  miles  by  rail 
E.N.E.  of  Portsmouth,  and  28i  miles  W.  of  Brighton.  It 
stands  between  the  Southdown  Hills  and  the  sea,  and  is 
enclosed  by  walls,  now  formed  into  terraces  with  walks  and 
shaded  by  elm-trees.  It  is  neatly  built,  clean,  well  paved, 
drained,  and  lighted,  and  intersected  by  4  principal  thor- 
oughfares, meeting  in  the  centre  of  the  city,  where  there  is 
an  elerant  octagonal  cross,  erected  in  1478.  The  cathedral, 
though  not  large,  is  a  well-proportioned  and  handsome  edi- 
fice, mostly  of  the  thirteenth  and  fourteenth  centuries,  410 
feet  in  length  and  227  feet  in  extreme  breadth,  with  a 
spire  300  feet  in  height.  In  its  interior  are  a  richly-adorned 
choir,  portraits  of  all  the  sovereigns  of  England  from  the 
time  of  the  Conquest,  with  other  historical  paintings,  and 
numerous  monuments,  including  some  fine  works  of  art  by 
Flaxman,  S.  of  the  cathedral  is  a  quadrangle  enclosed  by 
cloisters,  and  near  it  is  the  bishop's  palace.  The  church  of 
St.  Paul's  is  a  handsome  modern  building.  The  guild  hall 
is  a  portion  of  an  ancient  friary.  The  other  principal  edi- 
fices are  the  market-  and  council -houses,  corn  exchange,  jail, 
buildings  of  the  mechanics'  institute  and  literary  and  philo- 
sophical society, the  theatre,  the  hospital,  and  the  infirmary, 
a  handsome  structure  at  the  N.  extremity  of  the  city,  near 
which  is  a  suburb  named  Summerstown.  Chichester  has  a 
grammar-school,  blue-coat,  national,  and  other  schools,  and 
a  divinity  college.  It  communicates  with  the  sea  by  a 
canal.  Originally  the  town  was  a  Roman  station.  The 
name  is  said  to  be  a  contraction  of  Cisanceaster,  the  castle 
of  Ciasa,  an  Anglo-Saxon  chief,  who  repaired  it,  after  a 
siege,  A.D.  491,  by  the  South  Saxons,  under  Ella;  and 
thenceforth  it  remained  the  capital  of  the  kingdom  of  Sus- 
sex till  its  conquest  by  the  West  Saxons.  Various  Roman 
remains,  with  inscriptions,  have  been  discovered  in  the  city 
and  vicinity.     Pop.  7825. 

Chich'ester,  a  post-hamlet  of  Merrimack  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Chichester  township,  on  the  Suncook  Valley  Railroad,  8 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Concord.  The  township  is  drained  by  the 
Suncook  River,     Pop.  871. 

Chich'ester,  a  post-village  in  Pontile  co.,  Quebec,  cv 


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874 


CHI 


lb*  Ottawa,  oppodta  Allumette  Island,  9  milee  tnm  Pem- 
broke. Itoontnins  2  ptoros  and  a  saw-mill,  and  has  a  large 
lumber-trado.     l'«j).  of  pnrish,  598. 

Chichester  llarbort  2  miles  S.^V.  of  the  city  of  Chi- 
ebester,  is  an  inlet  of  the  Knglish  Channel,  between  the  pen- 
insula of  Solsea  and  Iliiyling  Island. 

Chichiaf  or  Cicia«  chee'ohe-&,  one  of  tha  Feejee 
Islands.  iMt.  (S.W.  point)  17°  48'  S. ;  Ion.  17»»  18'  W. 
It  is  nearly  circular,  and  is  3  miles  in  diameter. 

Chicknhominy  (chik-a-hom'^-nc)  Iliver,  Virginia, 
rises  about  16  miles  N.W.  of  Richmond,  runs  southeastward, 
forms  the  boundary  between  the  cos.  of  Ilenrioo  and  Charles 
City  on  the  right,  and  Hanover,  New  Kent,  and  James  City 
on  the  left,  and  enters  the  James  River  about  22  miles  below 
City  Point.  Length,  about  90  miles.  Large  swamps  occur 
between  this  river  and  Kicbmond,  which  is  only  5  miles  dis- 
tant from  the  nearest  part  of  it.  The  battles  of  Fair  Oaks, 
Mechaniosville,  Gaines  Mill,  and  AVhite  Oak  Bridge  were 
fought  near  this  river  in  June,  1862. 

Chickamauga,  chik-^-maw'g%,  a  post-village  of 
Walker  co.,  Ga.,  14  miles  by  rail  N.  of  La  Fayette,  and  13 
miles  S.  of  Chattanooga,  Tenn.  It  bos  2  churches,  an 
academy,  and  a  cutton-gin.     Pop.  200. 

Chickamauga,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Western  &  Atlantic  Railroad,  12  miles  E.  of  Chat- 
tanooga.    It  has  a  church  and  an  academy.     Pop.  200. 

Chickamauga  Creek  rises  in  Walker  co.,  Ga.,  near 
the  base  of  Missionary  Ridge.  It  runs  northeastward  and 
northward,  and  enters  the  Tennessee  River  in  Tennessee, 
.about  6  miles  above  Chattanooga.  On  the  banks  of  this 
stream  in  Georgia  a  battle  was  fought  between  General 
Rosecrnns  and  General  Bragg,  September  19  and  20,  1863, 
resuUinj;  in  the  retreat  of  the  Union  Army. 

Chick'aming,  a  township  of  Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  about 
18  miles  W.  of  Niles,  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Lake  Mich- 
igan. Lumber  and  firewood  are  exported  from  the  town- 
ship.    Pop.  964, 

Chick'asaw,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Iowa,  has 
an  area  of  504  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Wap- 
sipinicon  River  and  Crane  Creek,  and  is  partly  drained  by 
the  Cedar  River  and  several  branches  of  the  Wapsipinicon. 
The  surface  is  undulating ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  A  large  por- 
tion of  the  county  is  prairie.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats, 
grass,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  Devonian  lime- 
stone is  found  here.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee &  St.  Paul  and  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul  &  Kansas 
City  Railroads,  both  of  which  pass  through  New  Hampton, 
the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,180;  in  1880, 
14,634  ;  in  1890,  15,019. 

Chickasaw^  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Mississippi, 
has  an  area  of  about  576  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  tlie 
Yalobusha  River,  which  rises  in  it,  and  by  several  afSuents 
of  the  Tombigbee  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests ;  the 
soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  The  Mobile  A  Ohio  Railroad  touches  the  E.  part 
of  this  county.  Capital,  Houston.  Pop.  in  1870,  19,899; 
in  1880,  17,905;  in  1890,  19,891, 

Chickasaw,  a  post-hamlet  of  Colbert  oo.,  Ala,,  on  the 
'  Tennessee  River,  9  miles  N,E,  of  luka.  Miss.  It  has  2 
ehurches. 

Chickasaw,  a  post-village  of  Chickasaw  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Little  Cedar  River,  2  miles  from  Chickasaw  Station  on 
the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  12  miles  E. 
of  Charles  City.     It  has  2  churches. 

Chickasaw,  a  post-village  of  Mercer  co.,  0.,  about  8 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Celina.  It  has  2  saw-mills,  and  manu- 
factures of  tile.     Pop.  about  250. 

Chickasaw  Creek,  Alabama,  runs  westward  through 
Marengo  co.,  and  enters  the  Tombigbee  River. 

Chickasaw  Creek,  Mobile  oo.,  Ala.,  enters  the  Mo- 
bile River  about  5  miles  above  the  city  of  Mobile. 

Chickasawha  or  Chickasaha  (chik-a-saw'w%) 
River,  Mississippi,  rises  in  Kemper  co.,  runs  southward, 
intersects  Lauderdale,  Clarke,  and  Wayne  cos.,  and  unites 
with  the  Leaf  River  in  Greene  co.  to  form  the  Pascagoula 
River.     It  is  about  200  miles  long. 

Chickasaw  Indians,  a  tribe  formerly  inhabiting  the 
northern  portions  of  Mississippi  and  Alabama,  but  now  oc- 
cupying a  part  of  the  Indian  Territory.  They  are  well 
advanced  in  civilization,  and  are  allied  in  stock  to  the 
Creeks.     Pop.  6000. 

Chickies,  or  Chiqnes,  chik'Iz,  a  post-village  of 
Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  in  East  Donegal  and  West  Hempfield 
townships,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  25  miles  S.E.  of 
Harrisburg.  It  has  a  rolling-mill,  2  grist-mills,  and  sev- 
•ral  iron-smnlting  furnaces. 


Chickloe,  or  Chickly,  obik'lo,  a  town  of  Bcrar 
British  India.     I.at.  20°  17'  N. ;  Ion.  76°  21'  K.     ]'.  3474' 

Chickoo'ry,or  Chiko'ri,atownof  Belgaum  diBtrict! 
India,  217  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bombay.     Pop.  6691. 

Chick's  Springs,  a  post-office  and  watcring-plaoe of  ■■ 
Greenville  00.,  S.C,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Greenville,  and  i  mllo 
from  Taylor's  Station  of  the  Atlanta  A  Richnumd  Air-Lino 
Railroad.     Here  are  valuable  iron  and  sulphureous  min- 
eral waters.     Pop,  of  the  township,  1226. 

Chiclana,  ciie-kl&'n&,  a  town  of  Spain,  12  miles  8.B, 
of  Cadiz.  It  has  numerous  country-houses  of  inhabitants 
of  Cadiz,  and  near  it  is  a  ruined  Moorish  castle. 

Chiclayo,  che-kli'o,  a  city  of  Peru,  capital  of  the  d«- 
partment  of  Lambayoque  and  the  province  of  Chiclayo,  18 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  the  port  of  Eton,  at  the  junction  of  a 
branch  railway.  It  has  a  college,  a  theatre,  a  handsome 
plaza,  a  town  hall,  barracks,  jail,  distilleries,  rice-mills,  and 
manufactures  of  soap,  ice,  leather,  ale,  Ac.     Pop.  11, 000. 

Chico,  chee'ko,  a  river  of  Patagonia,  supposed  to  rise 
in  a  lake  in  the  interior,  falls  into  the  estuary  of  SuntaCrm. 

Chico,  chee'ko,  a  post-village  of  Butte  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Oregon  division  of  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  96  miles  N. 
of  Sacramento,  and  on  Chico  Creek,  6  miles  E.  of  the  Sac- 
ramento River.  It  has  2  banks,  6  churches,  a  graded  and 
a  state  normal  school,  a  foundry,  a  machine-shop,  and 
manufactures  of  carriages,  flour,  soap,  ploughs,  sasli.dour*, 
Ac.  Two  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.     Pop.  in  1890,  2894. 

Chico,  a  station  in  Pueblo  co..  Col.,  on  the  Atchison, 
Topeka  A  Santa  F6  Railroad,  12  miles  E.  of  Pueblo. 

Chico,  a  post-hamlet  of  Park  00,,  Montana,  about  28 
miles  S,  of  Livingston.     Pop.  100. 

Chico,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wise  co,,  Tex.,  14  miles  W.  of 
Decatur.     It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy.     Pop.  323. 

Chico,  a  post-village  of  Kitsap  co.,  Washington,  6  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Port  Madison.     Pop.  100. 

Chicoana,  cheko-&'n&.,  or  Chicuana,  che-koo-i'nl, 
a  town  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  in  a  desert,  25  miles  S. 
by  W.  of  Salta,  on  the  Quebrada  del  Toro.     Pop.  2000. 

Chicobea,  che-ko-b^'S,,  written  also  Cikobia,  and 
Tsikombia,  the  northernmost  of  the  Feejee  Islands. 
Lat.  15°  48'  S. ;  Ion.  179°  51'  W.     It  is  3  miles  long. 

Chicopee,  chik'o-pe,  a  post-village  constituting  part 
of  Chicopee  city,  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  is  on  the  E.  bank 
of  the  Connecticut  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Chicopee, 
and  on  the  Connect'cut  River  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of 
the  Chicopee  Falls  Branch,  4  miles  N.  of  Springfield.  It 
has  7  churches,  a  convent  of  the  Sacred  Heart  of  Mary,  a 
high  school,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  and  extensive 
manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  statuary,  cutlery,  locks,  bi- 
cycles, and  machinery.  Here  are  the  cotton-mills  of  the 
Dwight  Company,  which  has  a  capital  of  $2,000,000  and 
employs  2000  operatives.     Pop.  7000;  of  the  city,  14,050. 

Chicopee  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Hampden  co.,  Mass., 
on  the  Chicopee  River,  6  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Springfield, 
and  2  miles  E.  of  Chicopee,  The  river  here  afifords  exten- 
sive water-power,  which  is  employed  in  4  cotton-mills. 
This  village  has  a  high  school,  a  savings-bank,  a  bicycle- 
factory,  2  knitting-factories,  a  truss-factory,  5  churches, 
and  also  manufactories  of  farming  implements,  guns,  pistols, 
knitting-machines,  Ac,     Pop.  3465. 

Chicopee  Junction,  in  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  is  at 
the  W.  extremity  of  the  village  of  Chicopee,  where  the 
Chicopee  Falls  Branch  joins  the  main  line  of  the  Connec- 
ticut River  Railroad,  3i  miles  N.  of  Springfield. 

Chicopee  River,  Massachusetts,  rises  in  Worcester 
CO.,  runs  westward,  and  enters  the  Connecticut  River  in 
Hampden  co.,  4  miles  above  Springfield,  Its  length  is  esti- 
mated at  70  miles.     It  affords  extensive  water-power. 

Chicosa,  che-ko'sa,  a  station  in  lias  Animas  co..  Col., 
on  the  Denver  A  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  79  miles  S.  of  Pueblo. 

Chico  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Colfax  co.,  New  Me.\ico, 
65  miles  from  El  Moro,  Col. 

Chicot,  shee'ko,  a  county  forming  the  S.E.  extremity 
of  Arkansas,  has  an  area  of  about  750  square  miles.  It  in 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  the  Bay 011 
Bartholomew  touches  its  western  border.  The  surface  is 
level  and  partly  subject  to  inundation ;  the  soil  is  mostly 
fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products. 
A  large  part  of  this  county  is  covered  with  forests  of  the 
cypress,  ash,  oak,  Ac,  The  county  is  traversed  in  the  ex- 
treme N,  by  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  A  Southern 
Railroad,  and  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad  skirts  its  N.W. 
boundary.  Capital,  Lake  Village.  Pop.  in  1870,  7214;  in 
1880,  10,117;  in  1890,  11,419, 

Chicot,  a  village  of  Chicot  co,.  Ark.,  on  the  Mississippi 
River,  7  miles  by  rail  N,  of  Arkansas  City. 


CHI 


876 


CHI 


Cliicoutimi,  shee^kooHee^mee',  a  river  of  Quebec,  rises 
in  several  lakes  in  Chicoutimi  co.,  and,  flowing  S.W.,  falls 
into  the  Saguenay.  Its  navigation  is  prevented  by  falls 
and  rapids,  and  its  scenery  is  very  picturesque.  At  its 
mouth  is  a  lumbering-station  where  large  ships  can  load. 

Chicoutimi,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Quebec, 
having  the  height  of  land  dividing  the  waters  of  the  St. 
Lawrence  and  Hudson's  Bay  as  its  N.  boundary,  and  the 
48th  parallel  of  latitude  as  its  S.  Area,  23,760  square 
jmiles.  This  county  is  drained  by  Lake  St.  John  and  by  a 
number  of  large  rivers,  among  which  are  the  Saguenay,  the 
Peribonea,  the  Mistassini,  and  the  Chicoutimi.  Capital, 
Chicoutimi.     Pop.  17,493. 

Chicoutimi,  the  chief  town  of  the  county  of  Chicoutimi, 
iQuebec,  on  the  south  side  of  the  river  Saguenay,  75  miles 
from  its  mouth.  It  contains  the  county  buildings,  a  church, 
a  convent,  a  dozen  stores,  and  several  large  mills.  Ships 
load  here  with  timber  direct  for  foreign  ports.     Pop.  1393. 

Chicova,  she-ko'v3.,  a  town  of  Southeastern  Africa,  on 
the  Zambezi,  220  miles  W.N.W.  of  Sena.  It  was  formerly 
celebrated  for  its  silver-mines. 

Chicsoi,  cheek-so'ee,  a  river  of  Guatemala,  forming 
the  head-stream  of  the  Usumasinta.  It  rises  in  a  moun- 
tain-range about  40  miles  N.  of  the  city  of  Guatemala,  flows 
N.AV.,  and  enters  the  Mexican  state  of  Chiapa,  where  it 
assumes  the  name  of  Usumasinta.  Total  course  to  the 
Mexican  frontier,  exclusive  of  windings,  150  miles. 

Chicuana,  Argentine  Republic.    See  Chiooana. 

Chiem   See,  Keem  si,  a  lake  of  Upper  Bavaria,  42 

miles  S.E.  of  Munich.     Length,  12  miles;  breadth,  9  miles. 

f  It  has  3  small  islands,  receives  the  Achen  and  Prien  Rivers, 

iand  discharges  its  surplus  waters  by  the  Alz  into  the  Inn. 
Chienne  River,  of  Dakota.    See  Cheyenne  River. 
Chienti,  ke-Sn'tee  (anc.  Fht'sor),  a  river  of  Central 
,  Italy,  in  the  Marches,  enters  the  Adriatic  25  miles  S.E.  of 
!  Ancona,  after  a  N.E.  course  of  about  45  miles.     On  its  W. 
i  bank  is  Tolentino,  near  which  the  Austrians  defeated  the 
troops  under  Murat,  May  4,  1815. 

Chienti,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Foggia,  on  the  Adriatic, 
]5i  miles  N.W,  of  San  Severe.     Pop.  1376. 

Chieri,  ke-i'ree  (anc.  Carre'a  Poten'tia),  a  town  of 
Italy,  in  Piedmont,  on  a  hill,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Turin.  Pop. 
8789.  It  has  several  convents,  and  the  largest  Gothic 
building  in  Piedmont,  the  church  of  Santa  Maria  doUa 
Scala,  founded  in  1406.  Chieri  was  formerly  fortified,  and 
has  manufactures  of  silk,  cotton,  and  linen  fabrics. 

Chiers,  she-aiu',  a  river  of  Europe,  rises  in  Luxem- 
bourg, Belgium,  and  joins  the  Mouse  4  miles  S.  of  Sedan, 
after  a  W.  course  of  50  miles. 

Chiese,  ke-d'si,  or  Chiso,  kee'so  (anc.  Clu'tina),  a 
river  of  the  Tyrol  and  Northern  Italj',  rises  W.  of  Arco,  in 
the  Tyrol,  flows  S.,  forming  the  Lake  of  Idro,  and  joins  the 
Oglio  18  miles  W.  of  Mantua.     Length,  75  miles. 

Chieti,  ke-i'tee  (anc.  Tea'te),  a  city  of  Italy,  capital 
of  the  province  of  Chieti,  near  the  Pescara,  40  miles  E.  of 
Aquila.  Pop.  23,602.  It  is  badly  laid  out,  but  has  some 
good  edifices,  comprising  a  cathedral,  a  college,  and  a  hand- 
some theatre.  The  adjacent  country  is  pleasant.  Among 
its  antiquities  are  the  remains  of  a  large  theatre,  of  some 
temples,  a  gateway,  and  a  mosaic  pavement.  It  is  the  seat 
of  a  bishop.  The  ancient  Teate  was  one  of  the  most  im- 
portant cities  in  this  part  of  Italy.  It  appears  to  have 
been  possessed  for  centuries  by  the  Greeks,  after  which  it 
passed  successively  into  the  hands  of  the  Romans,  Goths, 
Lombards,  Franks,  and  Northmen. 

Chieti,  formerly  Abruzzo  Citeriore,  1-broot'so 
chee-tiVee-o'ri,  or  Abruzzo  Citra,  chee'trS,,  a  moun- 
tainous province  of  Italy,  on  the  Adriatic.  Area,  1105 
square  miles.     Capital,  Chieti.     Pop.  339,986. 

Chievres,  she-fiv'r',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  11 
miles  N.W.  of  Mons,  on  the  Hunel.  It  has  an  annual  horse 
fair,  and  manufactures  of  cottons  and  pottery.     Pop.  3300. 

Chiftlik,  chiftMeek',  a  village  of  Turkish  Armenia,  84 . 
miles  W.  of  Erzroom,  at  the  foot  of  a  castle-crowned  height. 
Many  of  its  dwellings  are  caves. 

Chifuncte,  a  river  of  Louisiana,    See  Chefonte. 

Chignecto  (shig-n4k'to)  Bay,  an  inlet  of  Canada, 
between  Nova  Scotia  and  New  Brunswick,  forming  the 
northern  extremity  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy.  Length,  30 
miles;  average  breadth,  8  miles.    See  Bay  of  Fundy. 

Chignolo,  keen-yo'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy, 
16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Pavia.     Pop.  4175. 

Chigonaise  (she^go'naiz')  (or  Ishgonish)  River, 
%  post-village  in  Colchester  co..  Nova  Scotia,  near  the  head 
of  Cobequid  Bay,  13  miles  from  Truro.     Pop.  450. 

Chigrin,  or  Tchigrin,  che-grin',written  also  Tchigr, 
Tschigirin,  and  Tchiguirin,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 


ernment of  Kiev,  on  the  Tiasmin,  21  miles  \V.  of  Krilov. 
Pop.  89P3. 

Chihuahua,  cbe-w&'w&,  a  post  mining-camp  of  Sum- 
mit CO.,  Col.,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Breckenridge.     Pop.  100. 

Chihuahua,  che-wi'wS,,  a  city  of  Mexico,  capital  of 
the  state,  310  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Durango.  Lat.  28°  50'  N. ; 
Ion.  104°  29'  17"  W.  It  is  well  planned,  with  broad  and 
Iclean  streets.  There  is  a  good  water-supply.  The  town 
Ihas  a  noble  church,  a  fine  plaza,  a  mint,  and  a  prison,  and 
is  an  important  centre  of  trade  and  mining  enterprise. 
Pop.  12,000. 

Chihuahua,  a  state  of  Mexico,  bounded  on  the  N.  by 
New  Mexico,  and  on  the  E.,  in  part,  by  Texas.  Area, 
83,727  square  miles.  It  is  the  largest  of  the  Mexican 
states  in  area.  It  is  traversed  by  ridges  of  the  Sierra 
Madre  or  Mexican  Cordillera,  and  contains  great  tracts  of 
inarable  land,  but  is  well  adapted  to  stock-raising,  and 
has  much  and  varied  mineral  wealth,  as  yet  imperfectly 
developed.  Silver,  gold,  and  copper  are  leading  produc- 
tions.    Capital,  Chihuahua.     Pop.  225,652. 

Chilcadi,  che-ki'de,  a  town  of  the  Belgaum  district, 
British  India.     Pop.  6184. 

Chikaskia,  she-kas'k?-a,  a  township  of  Sumner  co., 
Kansas,  about  120  miles  S.W.  of  Emporia.     Pop.  464. 

Chikiri,  Cheekeeree,  or  Tchikiri,  chee-keo'ree', 
a  river  of  the  Chinese  Empire,  Manchooria,  rises  on  the 
confines  of  Siberia,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  450  miles, 
falls  into  the  Amoor  a  little  above  Saghalin  Oola. 

Chikka  Ballapoor,  India.    See  Ballapoor. 

Chikly,  a  town  of  India.     See  Chicklee. 

Chikori,  a  town  of  India.     See  Chickooky. 

Chikotan,  Tchikotan,  chee-ko-tin', or  Spanberg, 
spin'bSnG,  the  southernmost  of  the  Kooril  Isles.  Lat.  (cen- 
tre) 43°  53'  N. ;  Ion.  146°  43'  30"  E.  It  is  6  miles  long,  by 
as  many  broad. 

Chila,  chee'lS,,  a  river  of  Peru,  rises  in  the  Andes,  and, 
after  a  westerly  course  of  about  105  miles,  falls  into  the 
Pacific  about  75  miles  S.E.  of  Arequipa. 

Chilapa,  che-ld.'pd.,  and  Chiiapiiia,  che-l&-peery& 
(i.e.,  "  Little  Chilapa"),  two  rivers  of  Mexico,  state  of  Ta- 
basco, and  tributary  to  the  river  Tabasco,  which  they  join 
from  the  E.,  the  former  below  and  the  latter  above  Escobas. 
The  Chilapa  is  less  rapid  than  any  other  affluent  of  the 
Tabasco,  and  at  their  junction  it  has  at  all  seasons  three 
fathoms  of  water. 

Chilapa,  a  town  of  Mexico,  155  miles  S.  of  Mexico. 
It  has  manufactories  of  delft,  and  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Chilaw',  a  town  of  Ceylon,  on  its  western  coast,  45 
miles  N.  of  Colombo.  Opposite  to  it  a  pearl-fishery  is  car- 
ried on.     Pop.  3227. 

Chiica,  cheel'ki,  a  town  of  Peru,  on  the  Pacific,  40 
miles  S.E.  of  Lima.     Near  it  are  remains  of  ancient  edifices. 

ChiI'dersburg,  a  post-village  of  Talladega  co.,  Ala^ 
1  mile  from  the  Coosa  River,  and  14  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of 
Talladega.  It  has  5  churches,  a  high  school,  an  academy, 
a  newspaper  ofiice,  several  saw-mills,  and  a  shingle-mill. 
Pop.  in  1S90,  777. 

Child'ress,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Childress  co.,  Tex., 
is  8  miles  S.  of  the  Red  River,  and  106  miles  by  rail  N.W. 
of  Wichita  Falls.  It  has  6  churches,  2  banks,  a  high 
school,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  400. 

Childress,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Va.,  7 
miles  S.  of  Christiansburg  Depot. 

Childs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  7  miles  by  rail 
W.  of  Newark.     It  has  a  paper-mill.     Pop.  200, 

Childs'town,  a  post-borough  of  Turner  co.,  S.D.,  30 
miles  N.  of  Yankton. 

Childs'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Mitchell  co,,  N.C.,  23  miles 
N.  of  Marion.     It  has  a  church. 

Chile,  a  country  of  South  America.     See  Chili. 

Cliilecito,  che-li-see'to,  a  village  of  the  Argentine 
Republic,  province  and  45  miles  W.  of  Rioja,  in  the  Fama- 
tina  Valley.     Lat.  28°  50'  S. ;  Ion.  68°  30'  W. 

Chilesburg,  chilz'bfirg,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  oo., 
Ky.,  9  miles  by  rail  B.  of  Lexington. 

Chilesburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caroline  co.,  Va.,  about 
38  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Richmond.     It  has  2  churches. 

Chil'hoAV'ee,  a  mountain-ridge  of  Blount  co..  East 
Tennessee,  about  30  miles  S.  of  the  city  of  Knoxville, 
Iron  ore  abounds  here, 

Chilhowee,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co..  Mo.,  16 
miles  S.E.  of  Holden,  and  about  60  miles  S.E,  of  Kansas 
City.     Coal  abounds  here.     Pop.  185;  of  township,  1632. 

Chilhowee,  a  post-office  and  valley  of  Blount  co., 
Tenn.,  about  36  miles  S.  of  Knoxville.  The  valley  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Little  Tennessee  River.  Copper,  iron,  and 
lead  are  said  to  be  found  near  it. 


cm 


87« 


cm 


Chill*  ohU'leo  (Sp.  Chile,  ohee'14),  %  republio  of  South 
America,  bounded  K.  by  ranges  of  the  Andes,  and  W.  by 
tiM  Paciilo  Ocean.  It  extends  N.  and  S.  from  the  Peruvian 
frontier  to  Cape  Horn, — having  a  length  of  2600  miles,  while 
the  breadth  vuries  from  40  to  2U0  miles.  In  the  southern  or 
Patag^nlnn  region  its  boundaries  were  defined  by  the  treaty 
of  1381  with  the  Argontioo  Uopublic,  the  Intter  retaining  all 
•f  Patagonia  except  a  small  strip  on  the  west  coast, — which 
was  ceded  to  Chili,  together  with  the  Strait  of  Magellan  and 
all  of  Terra  del  Fuego  except  the  eastern  part.  The  republio 
is  divide*!  into  2-1  provinces  and  territories,  with  the  fol- 
lowing approximate  area  and  population,  as  officially  esti- 
mated in  1891 : 


Prorinee*  and  Territoriea 


Aconcagua  „. 
Antofagatta . 

Arauco 

Atacama  >.... 

Bio-Bio 

Cuutin_ 

Chlloe„ 

Ck>lcbagaa.... 
Concepciou  .. 
Coquimbo .... 

Curico 

Linires 

Llanqnihue . 
Hafcallunea.. 

Ualleco 

Hauls  

Nuble 

O'HlgglDB .... 
Santiago  «.... 

Tacna 

Thlca 

Tarapnca„..., 

Valdivla , 

Valparaiso... 

Total... 


Area  In 
square  milea 


6,840 

00,968 
4,248 

4:i,180 
4.168 
3,126 
S,»96 
8.705 
3,636 

12,905 
2,913 
3,488 
7.823 

T6.292 
2,866 
2,9.i0 
3,666 
2,624 
6,223 
8,086 
3,678 

19,300 
8,315 
1,637 


293,970 


Population. 


156,6,16 

36,317 

77,667 

67,208 

122.729 

36.982 

78,622 

160,123 

218,815 

189,524 

104,182 

11.6,040 

72,426 

2,»73 

6;1,:J29 

127,650 

167,34a 

92.892 

378,781 

311,998 

140,734 

47,313 

70,064 

218,990 


2,766,747 


Face  of  the  Country,  &e. — Chili  proper  is  traversed  from 
N.  to  S.  by  ranges  of  the  Andes,  of  which  there  are  within 
its  limits  two  principal  parallel  chains  or  Cordilleras,  en- 
closing a  table-land  of  considerable  breadth  at  some  places, 
hut  narrowing  northward  and  southward  until  its  bounding 
ranges  unite.  The  Chilian  Andes  have  a  mean  height  of 
11,830  feet,  their  culminating  point,  Aconcagua,  being  the 
highest  mountain  in  the  western  hemisphere.  Soutli  of 
Chiloe  the  mountains  abut  directly  upon  the  sea,  and  are 
cut  by  very  deep  and  extensive  fiords,  at  whose  heads  gla- 
ciers are  often  found ;  but  northward  the  coast-line  is  so 
much  less  broken  that  good  natural  harbors  are  wanting, 
and  here  a  large  part  of  the  coast-region  is  not  much  ele- 
Tated  above  the  sea-level.  There  are  23  volcanoes  enumer- 
ated in  Chili,  of  which,  however,  only  a  few  are  often  in 
action.  Earthquake  shocks  are  very  frequent,  but  destruc- 
tive earthquakes  are  of  rare  occurrence.  There  are  some  25 
rivers  of  a  length  exceeding  100  miles.  Of  these,  the  Bio- 
bio,  300  miles  long,  is  the  largest  and  longest.  There  are 
many  lakes  in  the  southern  provinces.  The  coast  S.  of 
41°  45'  S.  lat.  is  flanked  by  innumerable  islands,  of  which 
Chiloe  is  the  northernmost  and  by  far  the  most  important. 
At  a  distance  of  360  miles  from  the  mainland  lies  the  in- 
teresting island  of  Juan  Fernandez,  with  its  sister  isle  Mas- 
.4-Fuera,  iwth  Chilian  possessions. 

Climate  and  Productions. — From  the  tropical  heat  of  the 
rainless  desert  of  Atacama  to  the  perpetual  winter  of  Cape 
Horn,  every  variety  of  climate  is  found  in  Chili.  In  the  N. 
the  climate  of  the  coast  is  subtropical;  but  in  the  interior 
the  mountains  tower  far  above  the  snow-lino,  and  from 
them  flow  torrents  which  to  some  extent  compensate  for  the 
lack  of  rain.  Southward  of  Chiloe  the  climate  is  exceseively 
wet.  The  territory  of  Magallanes  is  too  wet  for  the  growth 
of  cereals,  but  root-crops  and  garden-products  thrive  to  per- 
Tection.  Chiloe,  Llanquihue,  Valdivia,  and  Arauco  have 
the  climate  of  Great  Britain,  without  its  faults.  The  crops 
are  those  of  the  temperate  lone  generally.  In  the  N.  agri- 
culture is  only  practised  where  irrigation  can  bo  effected. 
Live-stock  and  alfalfa  hay  are  exported  from  the  north, 
potatoes,  flax,  rye,  barley,  honey,  wax,  jerked  beef,  leather, 
hides,  fruit,  flour,  walnuts,  and  wheat  from  the  central 
part,  and  timber,  potatoes,  apples,  Ac,  from  the  southern 
provinces.  Of  a  hundred  species  of  native  trees  all  but  13 
are  evergreen.  The  Fitzroya  Patagonica,  called  cedar,  is  the 
principal  timber  tree.  Other  noteworthy  trees  are  the  Arau- 
eanian  pine ;  the  Fagua  oblijiia,  a  beech,  here  miscalled  oak 


(roble) ;  and  the  quillaya,  whose  detergent  bark  is  not  un. 
known  in  commerce. 

The  auiinalt  include  the  puma,  vicufla,  guanaco,  chin- 
ohilla,  otter,  and  fox,  with  nutny  species  of  birds,  ainung 
which  are  the  condor,  penguin,  and  American  oetricli. 
Chili  has  no  venomous  reptiles. 

The  7nineral  wealth  is  very  great.  Gold  is  not  at  present 
largely  mined,  except  in  connection  with  other  metals.  TLe 
silver  product,  chiefly  from  the  Jurassic  strata  of  the  north, 
is  very  large.  Rich  copper  ores  are  widely  distributed  and 
extensively  wrought.  Some  cobalt  and  nickel  are  mined. 
Zinc,  iron,  bismuth,  mercury,  alabaster,  and  lapis  lu?.uli  arc 
also  found.  Saliter  or  cubic  nitre  and  crude  borax  are  abun- 
dant in  the  extreme  north.  Southward  from  lat.  30°  50' 
S.  coal  is  very  abundant.  It  is  largely  wrought,  being  a 
good  steam-coal  and  very  serviceable  in  smelting-wurki<, 
though  classed  as  a  lignite  of  tertiary  origin.  Cojiper  ores 
are  largely  shipped  to  Euroj)e,  but  silver  and  copper  aUo 
are  now  extensively  reduced  in  Chili. 

Mannfacturea  (other  than  the  smelting  of  ores  and  the 
production  of  leather,  soap,  flour,  and  the  like)  are  not  ex- 
tensive, but  have  received  considerable  attention  of  latn 
There  were  in  1891,  1748  miles  of  railway  in  operation. 
The  commerce  of  Chili  with  Groat  Britain,  France,  Ger- 
many, and  the  United  States  is  large. 

The  population  of  Chili  is  chiefly  of  Spanish  descent,  and 
the  Spanish  language  everywhere  prevails.  The  Roman 
Catholic  church  is  sustained  at  public  cost,  but  other 
churches  are  tolerated.  There  is  a  system  of  public 
schools,  with  a  national  university  at  Santiago.  Daily 
and  weekly  newspapers  are  published  in  almost  every 
large  town.  Chili  is  considered  the  most  prosperous  of  the 
South  American  countries,  and  is  certainly  the  most  favored 
in  natural  resources,  but  life  and  property  are  notoriously 
insecure.  The  property-holding  class  is  wealthy  and  aris- 
tocratic, and  the  laboring  people  are  oppressed  and  ill  paid. 
In  the  southern  central  provinces  there  are  many  German, 
French,  English,  and  some  American  colonists.  A  nioiit 
interesting  people  of  Southern  Chili  proper  are  the  Indiana 
of  Araucania.     See  Auaucania. 

Chi-Li,  a  province  of  China.    See  Pe-Chee-Lee. 

Chili,  chi'li  or  chil'le,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co., 
111.,  in  Chili  township,  about  28  miles  M.E.  of  Quincy.  it 
has  2  churches.     Po]).  of  the  town.ship,  1001. 

Chili)  a  post-village  of  Miami  co,,  Ind.,  in  Richland 
township,  on  Eel  River,  and  on  the  Eel  River  Railroad,  21 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Logansport.  It  has  a  graded  school,  2 
churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Chili  (local  pron.  chi'li),  a  post-township  of  Monroe  co., 
N.Y.,  about  8  miles  S.AV.  of  Rochester,  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  the  Genesee  River.  It  contains  hamlets  named  Chili 
Centre,  Clifton,  and  North  Chili.  Chili  Station  is  on  the 
Now  York  Central  Railroad,  69  miles  from  Bufialo.  Pop. 
2287. 

Chili,  chil'le,  a  post-village  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.,  in 
Crawford  township,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Coshocton.  It  hu 
several  churches. 

Chili  (chi'li)  Centre,  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Chili  township,  3  miles  from  Chili  Station.  It  has  n 
church. 

Chili  (chi'li)  Station,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  10  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Rochester. 

Chilicothe.    See  Chillicothe. 

Chilka,  a  river  of  Eastern  Asia.     See  Shilka. 

Chil'ka  Lake,  a  lagoon  of  India,  at  the  S.  extremity 
of  Orissa,  and  on  the  boundary  of  the  Madras  presidency. 
In  the  rainy  season  it  is  fresh,  with  an  area  of  450  squiire 
miles ;  but  in  the  dry  season  the  sea-water  flows  in  ;  for  it 
is  separated  from  the  Bay  of  Bengal  by  a  mere  ridge  of 
sand.  Its  low-water  area  is  344  square  miles,  and  its  max 
imum  depth  at  this  stage  is  about  C  feet.  Length,  44  miles. 
It  contains  some  inhabited  islands,  and  its  W.  shore  is  moun- 
tainous. Its  banks  are  studded  with  hamlets,  whose  inhab- 
itants are  employed  in  extensive  salt-works. 

ChiPke'ah,  a  town  of  India,  70  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Bareilly,  and  a  principal  mart  of  the  trade  between  tht' 
British  territory  and  Kumaon,  Thibet,  <tc. 

ChilMambaram',atown  of  British  India,  in  Camatic, 
on  the  sea-coast,  36  miles  S.  of  Pondicherry.  In  the  vicin- 
ity are  extensive  ancient  Hindoo  temples. 

Chilian,  cheel-yin',  a  town  of  Chili,  capital  of  the 
province  of  Nuble,  112  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Talcaguona. 
Another  railway  connects  it  with  Curico.  It  is  a  thriving 
place,  with  wide  streets  and  adobe  houses  built  low  on  ac- 
count of  the  prevalence  of  earthquakes.  It  has  a  trade  in 
cattle,  grain,  and  hand-made  lace.     Pop.  (1 891)  60,767. 


CHI 


877 


CHI 


Chillicothe,  chil-le-koth'eo,  a  post- village  of  Chilli- 
cothe  township,  Peoria  co.,  111.,  on  the  Illinois  River,  at  the 
head  of  Peoria  Lake,  and  on  the  Peoria  Branch  of  the 
Chicago,  Kock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  18  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Peuria.  It  has  a  high  school,  a  bank,  3  churches,  man- 
ufactures of  carriages  and  flour,  and  an  extensive  trade  in 
grain.  A  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.  Pop.  about 
1200;  of  the  township,  1486. 
Chillicothe,  Vermilion  co..  111.  See  Indianola. 
Chillicothe,  a  post-village  of  Wapello  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Cass  township,  on  the  Des  Moines  River,  and  on  the  Burling- 
ton <fc  Missouri  River  Railroad,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Ottumwa. 
It  has  a  church,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  211. 
Chillicothe,  a  city  of  Missouri,  and  the  capital  of  Liv- 
ingston CO.,  is  76  miles  E.  of  St.  Joseph,  130  miles  W.  of 
Hannibal,  95  miles  N.E.  of  Kansas  City,  and  about  3  miles 
N.E.  of  Grand  River.  It  is  on  the  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph 
Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Chillicothe  <fc  Omaha 
Branch  Railroad,  the  Brunswick  &  Chillicothe  Railroad, 
and  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad.  It  is 
the  largest  town  on  the  railroad  between  Hannibal  and  St. 
Joseph.  It  has  4  banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  an  academy, 
a  normal  school,  a  convent,  10  churches,  3  flour-mills,  2 
planing-mills,  a  machine-shop,  <tc.  Coal  abounds  here. 
Pop.  in  1890,  5717. 

Chillicothe,  a  city  of  Ohio,  and  the  capital  of  Ross  co., 
is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Scioto  River, 
and  on  the  N.  bank  of  Paint  Creek,  which  enters  the  river 
about  3  miles  below  this  city.  It  is  also  on  the  Ohio  Canal 
and  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  and  Scioto  Valley  Railroads, 
98  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati,  100  miles  W.  of  Marietta, 
and  50  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Columbus.  Its  site  is  a  fertile 
plain  or  valley  bounded  by  verdant  hills  about  500  feet 
nigh.  It  has  wide  streets  which  cross  one  another  at  right 
angles  and  are  lighted  with  gas.  It  contains  a  handsome 
stone  court-house,  12  churches,  a  high  school,  a  public  library, 
S  national  banks,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  5  weekly 
newspapers.  Here  are  manufactures  of  carriages,  paper, 
iron,  leather,  farming-implements,  machinerj',  (fee.  Chilli- 
cothe was  the  capital  of  the  state  from  1 800  to  1810.  P.  1 1,288. 

Chillicotlie,  a  post-village  of  Hardeman  co.,  Tex.,  13 
miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Quanah.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  200. 

Chillisquaque,  chiris-kwaw'k?,  a  post-township  of 
Northumberland  co..  Pa.,  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  West 
Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River.  It  has  a  station,  and 
manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber.     Pop.  in  1890,  1607. 

Chillisquaqae  Creeli,  Pennsylvania,  runs  south- 
westward  through  Montour  and  Northumberland  cos.,  and 
enters  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River  about  3 
miles  below  Lewisburg. 

Chillon,  cheel-yon',  atown  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  56 
miles  S.W.  of  Ciudad  Real.     Pop.  2400. 

Chillon,  chil'lpn  (Fr.  pron.  shee^yiK"'),  a  castle  or 
fortress  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Vaud,  6  miles  S.E.  of 
Vevay,  at  the  E.  extremity  of  the  Lake  of  Geneva,  on  an 
isolated  rock,  surrounded  by  deep  water  and  connected  with 
the  mainland  by  a  wooden  bridge.  It  was  built  by  Amadous 
IV.  of  Savoy,  in  1238,  and  was  long  a  state  prison,  but  is 
now  an  arsenal.  Bonnivard,  prior  of  St.  Victor,  was  con- 
fined here  from  1530  to  1536,  and  the  place  has  been  ren- 
dered famous  by  Byron's  "  Prisoner  of  Chillon." 

ChiI'mark,  a  post-township  of  Dukes  co.,  Mass.,  is  in 
the  S.W.  part  of  the  island  of  Martha's  Vineyard.  It  is 
washed  by  the  ocean  on  all  sides  except  the  E.  It  has  2 
ehurches  and  a  brick-kiln.     Pop.  476. 

Chilmary,  chil-mil'ree  (Hindoo,  Chalamart),  a  town 
of  Bengal,  district  and  40  miles  S.E.  of  Rungpoor,  on  the 
Brahmapootra,  has  a  large  trade  in  rice  and  jute. 

Chilo,  shi'lo,  a  post-village  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  in 
Franklin  township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  40  miles  above 
Cincinnati.     Pop.  160. 

Chiloe,  cheel-o-i'  (almost  chil-way'),  an  island o^  South 
America,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Chili,  to  which  it  belongs, 
forming  part  of  a  province  of  its  own  name.  It  is  separated 
from  the  mainland  by  the  Gulf  of  Ancud,  anil  by  a  strait 
not  more  than  a  mile  in  width.  It  is  120  miles  in  length 
from  N.  to  S.,  and  about  50  in  breadth  at  the  widest  part; 
but  in  its  centre  its  breadth  is  little  more  than  15  miles. 
It  is  mountainous  and  covered  with  forests.  The  W.  shores 
are  composed  of  rocky  masses  rising  abruptly  from  the 
ocean  to  the  height  of  from  1500  to  3000  feet;  the  E.  shores 
are  of  moderate  elevation.  Capital,  Ancud.  The  climate 
is  temperate,  but  exceedingly  moist ;  the  soil  is  a  rich  sandy 
loam.  The  chief  products  are  wheat,  barley,  potatoes,  ap- 
ples, and  strawberries.  Cattle,  sheep,  and  swine  are  reared. 
Much  timber  is  exported.    The  potato  is  here  indigenous. 


Coal-beds  of  value  exist.  The  shores  produce  abundance  of 
shell-fish,  which  form  a  principal  part  of  the  food  of  the  in- 
habitants. The  population  consists  of  natives,  originally 
of  Spanish  descent,  and  aboriginal  Indians,  but  the  great 
bulk  of  the  inhabitants  are  of  a  mixed  breed.  The  island 
was  discovered  by  the  Spaniards  in  1558.  Castro,  the  ancient 
capital,  was  founded  in  1566.  The  Chiloe  Archipelago  con- 
sists of  upwards  of  60  small  islands,  several  of  which  are 
well  cultivated.  Area  of  the  province,  21,230  square  miles. 
Pop.  in  1881,  71,.'588;  in  1889,  76,482. 

Chilon,  che-lon',  a  village  of  Bolivia,  120  miles  S.W. 
of  Santa  Cruz  de  la  Sierra. 

Chilpanzingo,  cheel-pin-zin'go,  a  town  of  Mexico, 
120  miles  S.S.W.  of  the  city  of  Mexico.     Pop.  2700. 

Chiltepec,  cheel-ti-pfik',  an  arm  of  the  river  Tabtisco, 
Mexico,  leaves  the  main  stream  at  San  Juan  Bautista,  and, 
after  a  northern  course  of  60  or  70  miles,  enters  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Frontera. 

Cliil'tern,  a  mining- village  of  Bogong  co.,  Victoria, 
Australia,  on  Black  Dog  Creek.     Pop.  1212. 

Chil'tern  Hills,  a  range  of  chalk  hills  of  England, 
traversing  the  S.  part  of  the  county  of  Bucks,  nnd  extend- 
ing from  Goring,  in  Oxfordshire,  to  Tring,  in  the  county  of 
Herts.  Breadth,  from  15  to  20  miles.  Height  of  principal 
summit,  near  Wendover,  905  feet  above  the  sea. 

Chil'tOD,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Alabama,  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Coosa  River.  Indian  corn  and 
cotton  are  its  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
South  <fe  North  Alabama  Railroad.  Capital,  Clanton.  Pop. 
in  1870,  6194;  in  1880,  10,793;  in  1890,  14,549. 

Chilton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Falls  co.,  Tex.,  23  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Waco,  and  9  miles  (direct)  W.  of  Marlin. 

Chilton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Calumet  co..  Wis.,  in 
Chilton  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Manitowoc  River,  and 
on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  79  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Milwaukee,  and  about  22  miles  N.E.  of  Fond  du  Lac.  It 
has  a  bank,  2  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  a  high 
school ;  also  manufactures  of  carriages,  ploughs,  lumber, 
sash,  blinds,  Ac.     Pop.  363 ;  of  the  township,  2093. 

Chil'tonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Plymouth  co.,  Mass., 
in  Plymouth  township,  on  the  sea-coast,  2  or  3  miles  S.E. 
of  Plymouth. 

Chimalapa,  che-mi-li'pi,  a  village  of  the  republic  of 
Guatemala,  on  the  Motagua,  55  miles  N.E.  of  Guatemala, 
The  Chimalapilla  (che-mi-lS,-peel'yi,  i.e.,  "Little  Chima- 
lapa") River  is  an  affluent  of  the  Coatzacoalcos,  in  Mexico. 

Chimaltenango,  che-mS,l-ti-nS.n'go,  a  town  of  the 
republic  of  Guatemala,  28  miles  W.N.W.  of  the  city  of 
Guatemala.     Pop.  4000. 

Chimanas,  che-mi'nis,  a  group  of  islets  off  the  coast 
of  Venezuela,  about  lat.  10°  19'  N.,  Ion.  64°  51'  W. 

Chimapla,  che-mi'plS,,  a  hacienda  of  Mexico,  about 
27  miles  S.E.  by  S.  of  the  city  of  Mexico. 

Chimara,  or  Chimari,  a  group  of  mountains.    Sea 

AcnOCERAUNIAN  MOUNTAINS. 

Chimara,  or  Khimara,  kee-mi'ri,  a  town  of  Albania, 
on  the  Strait  of  Otranto,  22  miles  N.W.  of  Delvino. 

Chimay,  shee^mi',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  on 
the  Blanche,  and  on  a  railway,  32  miles  S.E.  of  Mons.  It  has 
a  noble  mansion  and  park,  a  college,  iron-works,  and  brew- 
eries, and  valuable  marble-quarries.     Pop.  3002. 

Chimbarongo,  cheem-bi-ron'go,  a  river  of  Chili,  prov- 
ince of  Colchagua,  rises  in  the  Andes,  about  lat.  34°  55'  S., 
flows  N.W.,  and  joins  the  Tinguiririea,  the  united  stream 
subsequently  joining  the  Rapel  at  lat.  24°  12'  S. 

Chimbo,  cheem'bo,  a  town  of  Ecuador,  on  the  Chimbo 
River,  in  the  Andes,  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Chimborazo,  and 
50  miles  N.E.  of  Guayaquil.     Pop.  2000. 

Chimborazo,  chim-bo-ri'zo  (Sp.  pron.  cheem-bo-ri'- 
tho),  a  well-known  mountain  of  Ecuador,  90  miles  S.  by 
W.  of  Quito,  and  110  miles  from  the  coast.  Lat.  1°  29' 
S. ;  Ion.  79°  5'  W.  It  was  long  believed  to  be  the  highest 
summit  of  the  Andes,  but  is  now  known  to  be  the  sixth 
loftiest  peak.  The  height,  as  fixed  by  Humboldt,  is  21,420 
feet  above  sea-level ;  but  above  the  valley  of  Quito,  which 
forms  its  base,  it  only  rises  11,958  feet,  an  apparent  height 
not  quite  equal  to  that  of  Mont  Blanc  above  the  valley  of 
Chamouni,  and  much  less  than  that  of  Ararat  above  the 
plain  of  the  Aras.  This  vast  mountain,  the  top  of  which 
is  covered  with  perpetual  snow,  presents  a  magnificent 
spectacle  when  seen  from  the  shores  of  the  Pacific.  It  was 
ascended  in  1802  by  Humboldt  and  Bonpland  to  the  height 
of  19,286  feet,  and  in  1831  by  J.  B.  Boussingault  to  the 
height  of  19,689  feet. 

Chimborazo,  a  province  of  Ecuador,  southward  of  the 
mountain  of  the  same  name.  Area,  5544  square  milea. 
Capital,  Riobamba.     Pop.  110,860. 


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Chimbote,  ohe«ra-bo't&,  a  seaport  of  Peru,  department 
of  Aneachs,  near  lat.  9"  S.,  172  miles  by  rail  W.  of  iluarai. 
It  has  a  fine  iron  pier  and  a  good  roadstead. 

Chiincpanipe8tick,8hoora-n&-neep-Bteek',  a  rirer  of 
Quebec,  falls  into  the  Oulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  on  the  N.  side, 
abont  20  miles  S.W.  of  Seven  Island  Bay,  after  a  S.W. 
eonrse  of  about  100  miles. 

Chimerat    See  Acrockraunian  Mountains. 

Chim'ney  Gulch,  a  station  in  Jefferson  co..  Col.,  on 
the  railroad  from  Uolden  to  Blaok  Hawk,  6  miles  W.  of 
Oolden. 

Chimney  Island,  an  island  in  the  rirer  St.  Law- 
rence, 5  miles  below  Prescott,  Ontario. 

Chimney  Point,  a  post-ofBce  of  Addison  co.,  Vt.,  on 
Lake  Champlain,  3  miles  from  Port  Henry,  N.Y. 

Chimney  Rock,  a  post-township  of  Rutherford  co., 
N.C.,  20  miles  S.  of  Old  Fort  Railroad  Station.  It  has  5 
churches.     The  surface  is  mountainous.     Pop.  1024. 

Chimney  Kock,  a  post-office  of  Trempealeau  co.,  Wis. 

Chimney  Rock,apost-officoof  Laramie  co.,  Wyoming. 

Chimney  Top,  a  post-office  of  Hawkins  oo.,  Tenn. 

China.     See  Cbixesb  Empire. 

Chi'na,  a  township  of  Lee  co.,  IIL  Pop.  2351.  It  con- 
tains Franklin  Grove. 

China,  a  post- village  of  China  township,  Kennebec  co.. 
Me.,  is  on  a  lake  of  the  same  name,  about  20  miles  N.E.  of 
Augusta.  It  has  an  academy  and  several  churches.  The 
township  has  9  churches;  also  manufactures  of  cheese,  car- 
riages, boots,  shoos,  ploughs,  Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  2118. 

China,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  about  40 
miles  N.E.  of  Detroit,  and  1  mile  W.  of  the  St.  Clair. 

Chinab,  a  river  of  India.     See  Chenaub. 

Chin^achin',  a  large  town  in  Nepaul,  on  an  affluent 
of  the  Goggra,  250  miles  W.N.W.  of  Khatmandoo.  It  has 
an  important  trade  in  metals. 

China  Flat,  a  post-hamlet  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal. 

China  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Pike  co.,  Ala.,  16  miles 
(direct)  N.  of  Troy.  It  has  3  churches,  a  corn-mill,  Ac. 
Pop.  200. 

China  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co..  Miss.,  12  miles 
£.  of  Holmcsville. 

China  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Rowan  co.,  N.C.,  10 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Salisbury.  It  has  2  churches,  an  acad- 
emy, and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  200. 

China  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Telfair  co.,  Ga.,  20  miles 
S.W.  of  McKae.     It  has  a  church. 

China  Laph,  a  river  of  Algeria.    See  Shellifp. 

Chinandega,  Nicaragua.     See  Ciiinendega. 

Chin^apatam',  a  town  of  India,  Mysore  dominions, 
35  miles  E.N.E.  of  Seringapatam.     Pop.  5000. 

Chi'na  Sea  (Chinese,  Toong-Hai,  "Eastern  Sea;"  Fr. 
Mer  Orientals,  maiR  o're-fisoHil')  is  that  portion  of  the 
I*acific  Ocean  which  extends  between  China  and  Siam  on 
the  W.,  the  Philippine  Islands  on  the  K.,  Borneo  on  the  S., 
and  the  island  of  Formosa  on  the  N  It  forms  the  great 
Gulfs  of  Siam  and  Tonquin.  Chief  affluents,  the  Me-Kong, 
Cambodia,  and  Canton  Rivers.  Chief  ports.  Canton,  Manila, 
Saigon,  and  Singapore. 

China  Spring,  a  post-office  of  McLennan  co.,  Tex. 

Chincha,  chin'cha  or  checn'chi,  a  small  seaport  town 
of  Peru,  department  and  115  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lima. 

Chinchacocha,  a  lake  of  Peru.    See  Reyes. 

Chincha  Islands,  a  group  of  three  small  islands  in 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  off  the  coast  of  Peru,  about  14  miles  from 
the  shore.  Lat.  13°  38'  S. ;  Ion.  76°  28'  W.  These  islands, 
80  noted  for  their  guano,  have  been  worked  out,  and  no 
longer  afford  that  commodity. 

Chin'chcAV',  or  Chin^chu',  an  English  name  of  the 
Chinese  ChAvan-Chow-Foo,  or  Tswanchowfoo, 
written  by  some  authors  Thsiouan-Ch^ou^Fou,  and 
Tsiuen^Tchoo,  a  city  and  seaport  of  China,  province  of 
Fo-Kien,  60  miles  E.N.E.  of  Chang-Choo-Foo.  Lat.  24°  57' 
N.;  Ion.  118°  35'  E.  It  is  not  a  treaty-port,  but  is  a  large 
and  populous  walled  town,  with  a  good  trade.  The  Chin- 
chew  of  old  maps  is  identical  with  Chang-Choo-Foo. 

Chinchilla,  chin-cheel'yi  (anc.  Snla'ria),  a  city  of 
Spain,  at  a  railway  junction,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Albacete.  It 
has  an  old  castle,  and  is  surrounded  by  walls.     Pop.  3500. 

Chin*chil'la,  a  post-village  of  Lackawanna  co.,  Pa.,  5 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Scranton.  It  has  2  churches,  an  acad- 
emy, and  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  500. 

Chinchon,  cheen-chon',  a  town  of  Spain,  25  miles 
B.S.E.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  4605. 

Chin-Choo,  chinVhoo',  a  maritime  region  of  China, 
between  lat.  23°  and  26°  N.  and  Ion.  116°  and  119°  E., 
eomprising  parts  of  the  provinces  of  Fo-Eien  and  Quang- 


Tong,  and  inhabited  by  an  induntrious  people,  who  man 
most  part  of  the  imperial  and  commercial  navy,  and  are 
particularly  able  as  fishermen,  traders,  and  agriculturists. 
Soil  mostly  sterile;  sugar  and  sweet  potatoes,  raised  by 
much  labor,  are  the  only  exports.  This  circunistanoo  eon> 
tinually  eauses  large  numbers  to  emigrate. 

Chin-Choo,  chin*choo',  or  Tchin-Tcheou,  chin'- 
che-oo',  a  city  of  China,  province  of  IIo-Nan,  80  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Kai-Fong. 

Chin-Cnoo,  or  Tchin-Tcheon,  a  city  of  China, 
provinceof  Iloo-Nan,  on  the  Yuen-Kiang,  110  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Lake  Tong-Ting-IIoo. 

ChinVhoor',  a  town  of  India,  presidency  of  Bombay, 
18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Poonah. 

Chincorro,  or  El  Chincorro,  i\  eheen-kon'Ro,  a 
reef  off  the  E.  coast  of  Yucatan,  110  miles  S.  of  Cozuniol 
Island.    Length,  N.  to  S.,  23  miles ;  greatest  breadth,  t)  niilea. 

Chincotcague  (ching'ko-teeg' ;  local  pron.  jing-go- 
tlg')  Island,  a  post-office  of  Accomack  co.,  Va.,  is  on  an 
island  of  its  own  name,  which  is  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean, 
separated  from  the  mainland  by  Chincotcague  Sound.  This 
island  has  5  churches  and  a  graded  school,  and  is  famed  for 
its  oysters  and  for  its  breed  of  ponies. 

Chindaree,  India.    See  Chanderee. 

Chindaur,  chin'dowr,  a  town  of  India,  in  Boglipoor 
district.     Pop.  4630. 

Chindwara,  chlnd-wl'ri,  written  also  Sindwara 
(native,  Chhindwara),  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  a  dis- 
trict, 65  miles  N.  of  Nagpoor.  It  is  a  summer  resort  for 
Europeans.     Pop.  8626. 

Chindwara,  a  district  of  the  Central  Provinces,  British 
India,  Lat.  21°  25'-22°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  78°-79°  30'  E.  Area, 
3852  square  miles.  It  is  a  diversified,  pleasant,  and  fertile 
region.     Capital,  Chindwara. 

Chine,  or  La  Chine,  the  French  name  of  China. 
See  Chinese  Empire. 

Chinendega,  che-njn-di'gi,  two  contiguous  towns  of 
Central  America,  in  Nicaragua.  New  Chinendega,  9  miles 
from  Realejo,  is  a  depot  for  the  trade  of  that  port  with 
the  interior,  and  has  from  8000  to  10,000  inhabitants.  It 
stands  in  a  fertile  plain ;  its  houses  are  straggling,  and 
many  enclosed  by  gardens  and  plantations.  Old  Chinen- 
dega has  from  3000  to  4000  inhabitants. 

Chi'nese  Camp,  a  post-village  of  Tuolumne  co.,  Cal., 
about  50  miles  E.  by  S.  from  Stockton.  Gold  is  found  near 
it.     It  has  a  church,  2  stores,  and  a  hotel. 

Chinese  Empire,  a  vast  territory  in  Eastern  Asi*, 
comprehending  five  great  divisions  (four  of  which  arc  de- 
scribed under  their  heads),  viz.,  1.  Manehooria ;  2.  Mon- 
golia; 3.  Toorkistan;  4.  Thibet;  5.  China  Proper,  or  the 
Nineteen  Provinces,  including  the  two  large  islands  of 
Formosa  and  Hainan,  the  former  being  until  lately  reck- 
oned in  the  province  of  Fo-Kien,  and  the  latter  being  a 
department  of  Quang-Tong.  Corea  nlfo  is  in  some  sense  a 
part  of  the  empire,  being  tributary  to  it,  and  Annam  until 
1874  was  a  tributary  and  nominally  a  vassal  power,  whils 
Siam  and  the  Loo-Choo  Islands,  though  independent,  ara 
claimed  by  the  Chinese  as  parts  of  their  empire. 

China  (chi'na)  PROrER  (anc.  Ser'icn,  Tsinn,  tsee'nl,  and 
Cathay,  k4-thi',  or  Khitai,  Ke-tl';  Chinese,  Chooitg  Kone  or 
Chooiig  Kioeh,  choong  kwi,  i.e.,  the  "  middle  kingdom  ;"  Fr. 
Chine, sheen  ;  Ger.  China,  Kce'ni ;  Sp.  China,  chee'nl ;  Dutch 
and  Port.  China,  shee'ni;  It.  Cina,  chee'nj.),  the  S.E.  por- 
tion of  the  Chinese  Empire,  occupying  a  third  of  its  whole 
extent,  lies  on  the  eastern  slope  of  the  table-lands  of  Cen- 
tral Asia.  In  form  it  approaches  to  a  square,  covering 
an  area  of  more  than  one  and  a  quarter  million  of  square 
miles,  inhabited  by  more  than  340  millions  of  the  human 
race,  living  under  the  same  government,  ruled  by  the  same 
laws,  speaking  dialects  of  the  same  language,  studying  the 
same  literature,  possessing  a  greater  homogeneity,  a  history 
extending  over  a  longer  period,  and  a  more  enduring  na- 
tional existence  than  any  other  people  of  ancient  or  modern 
times.  It  is  included  between  18°  and  40°  N.  lat.  (which 
takes  in  the  island  of  Hainan)  and  98°  and  124°  E.  Ion.  Its 
coast-lino  exceeds  2500  miles,  and  the  land-frontier  4400 
miles.  A  line  running  direct  north  and  south  would  give 
a  length  of  1474  miles,  and  another,  at  right  angles  to  this, 
1355  miles  ;  but  one  drawn  diagonally  from  its  northeastern 
extremity  through  Yun-Nan  would  measure  1669  miles. 
The  area  of  China  Proper  is,  according  to  the  latest  in- 
vestigations, 1,313,061  square  miles,  or  less  than  one-third 
of  the  area  of  the  entire  Chinese  Empire.  Its  area  is  also 
less  than  one-half  that  of  the  United  States,  as  given  in 
the  census  of  1890. 

Physical  Features. — China  has  a  general  slope  from  the 
mountains  of  Thibet  to  the  shores  of  the  Pacific.    The  two 


CHI 


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•inoipal  mountain-chains  divide  it  into  three  longitudinal 
isins,  drained  by  great  rivers.  It  may  be  viewed  under 
j  natural  divisions  of  mountainous  country,  hilly  country, 
kd  the  Great  Plain.  The  first  comprehends  more  than 
klf  the  region  between  the  meridian  of  113°  and  Thibet. 
&st  of  this  meridian,  and  to  the  south  of  the  Yang-tse- 
iiang  River,  is  the  hilly  country,  which  includes  the 
tovinces  of  Fo-Kien,  Kiang-See,  Quang-Tong,  and  a 
brtion  of  Hoo-Nan  and  Hoo-Pe,  while  to  the  northeast 
Iretches  the  Great  Plain.  This  latter  extends  from  the 
[reat  Wall  to  30°  N.  lat. ;  a  line  drawn  from  King-Choo- 
foo,  in  Hoo-Pe,  to  Hoai-Khing,  on  the  IIoang-Ho,  may  be 
pnsidered  its  western  limit ;  and  the  sea  forms  its  bound- 
fry  on  the  east.  This  vast  and  generally  fertile  tract  has 
in  area  of  210,000  square  miles,  and  supports  a  population 
If  177  millions. 

I  Prom  the  mountains  of  Thibet  two  grand  ranges  stretch 
ioross  China,  having  a  general  direction  from  southwest  to 
jiortheast.     The  moi-e  northerly  of  these,  the  Thsin-Ling  or 
Slue  Mountains,  are  included  between  the  parallels  of  31° 
Ind  34°.    The  southern  or  Nan-Ling  chain  is  a  spur  of  the 
jiimalayas.     Commencing  in  Yun-Nan,  it  bounds  Quang- 
|5ee,  Quang-Tong,  and  Fo-Kien  on  the  north,  and,  passing 
hrough  the  province  of  Cho-Kiang,  where  some  of  its  peaks 
[each  the  height  of  12,000  feet,  enters  the  sea  at  Ning-Po, 
ihus  forming  a  continuous  barrier,  penetrated  only  by  a  few 
fteep  passes,  of  which  the  Mei-Kwan,  or  Mei  Pass,  is  the  best 
jinown,  that  separates  the  coast-land  of  Southeastern  China 
from  the  rest  of  the  country.     This  great  chain  throws  off 
jttumerous  spurs  to  the  south  and  east,  which,  dipping  into 
the  sea,  rise  above  it  as  a  belt  of  rugged  islands  along  the 
[southern  half  of  the  Chinese  seaboard.     Of  this  belt  the 
iChusan  Archipelago  is  the  most  northerly  portion. 
I    The  magnificent  rioer-system  of  China  is  represented  by 
those  noble  streams  the  Hoang-Ho  or  Yellow  River  and 
the  Yang-tse-Kiang,  which  spring  from  the  same  water- 
shed,— the  eastern  mountains  of  Thibet.     The  former  has 
fits  source  in  35J°  N.  lat.  and  about  96°  E.  Ion.,  and,  after 
ja  very  tortuous  course,  empties  itself  into  the  Yellow  Sea, 
ihaving  in  1853  altered  its  course  so  that  its  present  mouth  is 
some  hundreds  of  miles  N.  of  the  former  one.    Such  changes, 
causing  losses  and  entailing  expense,  are  not  unusual;  and 
I  hence  this  river  has  been  called  "China's  sorrow."     It  is  a 
j  turbid  stream  for  the  most  part,  and  little  adapted  for  Chi- 
'  nese  navigation.    But  the  river  most  beloved  by  the  Chinese 
is  the  Yang-tse-Kiang,  or  "son  of  the  ocean,"  which  name 
;  is  only  applied  to  it  by  the  natives  below  the  commencement 
i  of  the  delta,  for  above  that  it  is  called  simply  Ta-Kiang, 
!  or  Great  River.     The  basin  drained  by  it  is  Estimated  at 
I  750,000  square  miles.     Of  the  other  rivers  that  water  the 
I  country,  the  Pei-Ho  in  the  north  and  the  Canton  in  the 
I  south  are  the  most  noteworthy. 

The  principal  lakes  of  China  are  five  in  number,  viz.,  the 
Tong-Ting-Hoo,  in  113°  E.  Ion.,  with  a  circumference  of 
about  220  miles;  the  Po-Yang,  in  116°  E.  Ion.,  80  miles 
i  in  length  by  40  miles  in  breadth ;  the  Hong-Tsin-Hoo,  in 
Kiang-Soo ;    the   Tsau-Hoo,  between  Ngan-King-Foo  and 
'Nanking;  and  the  Tai-IIoo,  in  120°  E.  Ion.     On  these  lakes 
artificially  constructed  floating  islands,  with  houses,  fields, 
and  inhabitants,  animals,  and  birds,  are  sometimes  seen. 
I      The  Grand  Canal  has  very  greatly  facilitated  the  internal 
I  navigation  of  the  country.     Until  lately  the  great  annual 
I  grain  fleet,  with  its  430,000  tons  of  rice  for  the  use  of  the 
■  capital,  passed  from  the  south  to  the  neighborhood  of  Peking 
by  this  groat  water-way,  thus  avoiding  the  storms  and  pirates 
of  the  coast ;  but  the  alteration  already  mentioned  in  the 
course  of  the  IIoang-Ho  has  somewhat  diminished  its  use- 
fulness.    It  connects  Tien-Tsin  in  Pe-Chee-Lee  with  Hang- 
Chow-Foo  in  Che-Kiang,  though  the  canal  proper  commences 
in  Shan-Toong,  and  its  total  length  is  about  650  miles. 

Another  world-famous  structure  is  the  Great  Wall,  which 
was  built  by  the  first  emperor  of  the  Tsin  dynasty,  about 
220  B.C.,  as  a  protection  against  the  Tartar  tribes.  It  trav- 
erses the  northern  boundary  of  China,  extending  from  3i° 
E.  to  15°  W.  of  Peking,  and  is  carried  over  the  highest 
hills,  through  the  deepest  valleys,  across  rivers  and  every 
other  natural  obstacle.  The  length  of  this  great  barrier  is, 
according  to  M'Culloch,  1250  miles.  Including  a  parapet 
of  5  feet,  the  total  height  of  the  wall  is  20  feet;  thickness 
at  the  base,  25  feet,  and  at  the  top,  15  feet.  Towers  or 
bastions  occur  at  intervals  of  about  100  yards.  Earth  en- 
closed in  brickwork  forms  the  mass  of  the  wall,  but  for  half 
its  length  it  is  little  else  than  a  heap  of  gravel  and  rubbish. 
Geoluijy. — The  high  lands,  where  are  the  sources  of  the 
great  rivers  of  China,  consist  of  granitic  and  metamorphio 
rocks.  These  are  continued  round  the  south  and  southeast 
of  the  country,  until  they  leave  a  huge  basin,  through  which 


flow  the  Yang-tse-Kiang  and  Hoang-IIo,  occupied  by  fos- 
siliferous  strata.  The  fossiliferous  strata  exhibit  representa- 
tives of  the  various  formations.  The  PalaDozoic  rocks  are 
but  sparingly  developed  in  a  narrow  strip  which  runs  from 
near  Peking,  in  a  southwesterly  curve,  to  nearly  the  centre 
of  the  empire.  Cretaceous  rocks  occur  in  the  valley  of  the 
Yang-tse-Kiang.  Tertiary  beds  and  loess  formation  oc- 
cupy the  eastern  portion  of  the  immense  basin,  while  ex- 
tensive districts  to  the  west  of  this  region,  extending  to  the 
crystalline  rocks  in  the  extreme  west,  are  covered  with 
modern  detritus.  Coal  is  abundant,  and  often  of  excellent 
quality,  though  probably  of  comparatively  late  gcologio 
origin.  The  anthracites  of  China  are  plentiful  and  good, 
but  little  wrought.  Mercury  has  been  procured  in  China 
for  many  years.  Though  no  active  volcanoes  are  known 
to  exist,  yet  indications  of  volcanic  action  are  not  wanting. 
Salt  and  hot-water  springs  are  found  in  Yun-Nan,  in  lat. 
25°  35' ;  and  wells  of  petroleum  in  Shen-See,  lat.  36°  40'. 
Among  the  minerals  of  China  is  jade  or  the  yu-stone,  ob- 
tained chiefly  in  Yun-Nan.  Limestone  and  porcelain  claya 
are  abundant.  Precious  stones  are  met  with  in  some  dis- 
tricts. In  Yun-Nan  gold  is  washed  from  the  sands  of  the 
rivers,  and  in  the  same  province  silver-mines  are  worked. 
All  the  commoner  metals  are  found  abundantly.  Near  the 
city  of  Ning-Po  are  extensive  stone-quarries. 

Vegetable  Productions. — The  tea-plant  (  Thea  viridis  and 
Thea  bohea)  is  the  most  important  vegetable  production  of 
China.  The  tallow-tree  {Stillinyia  sebifera),  the  Dryandra 
cordata  or  varnish-tree,  the  camphor-tree  {Laurua  Cavi- 
phora),  the  Chinese  pine  (Finns  Sinensis),  the  Chinese 
banyan  (Ficus  nitida),  the  funereal  cypress,  and  the  silk 
mulberry  are  among  the  most  important  trees  of  China. 
The  cocoa-nut  and  other  palms  flourish  on  the  southern 
coast.  Of  the  bamboo,  which  grows  as  far  north  as  lat.  38°, 
there  are  63  principal  varieties ;  and  it  is  said  that  the  bam- 
boos of  China  are  more  valuable  than  her  mines,  and,  next 
to  rice  and  silk,  yield  the  greatest  revenue.  The  various 
uses  to  which  they  are  applied  are  truly  astonishing.  The 
ramie  plant,  from  which  grass-cloth  is  made,  is  an  impor- 
tant product.  The  fruits  of  both  the  tropical  and  tem- 
perate zones — apples,  grapes,  pomegranates,  mangoes,  pine- 
apples, three  species  of  orange,  the  lichee,  Ac. — are  found  in 
the  country ;  and  camellias,  azaleas,  and  gardenias  are  na- 
tives of  the  "  Flowery  Land."  Agriculture  is  held  in  higher 
estimation  in  China  than  perhaps  in  any  other  country  in  the 
world.  On  the  first  day  of  each  year  a  grand  state  ceremony 
is  performed  in  its  honor.  The  emperor,  accompanied  by 
his  greiit  officers  of  state,  repairs  to  the  Sacred  Field,  and, 
having  offered  sacrifice  on  an  altar  of  earth,  he  traces  a  fur- 
row with  the  plough,  and  his  example  is  followed  by  princes 
and  ministers.  A  like  solemnity  is  celebrated  by  the  gov- 
ernor of  every  province,  who  represents  the  emperor.  The 
agricultural  system  of  the  Chinese  is  rude  but  eS'ective.  The 
cultivators  of  waste  territories  are  exempted  from  rent,  and 
if  successful  may  have  their  expenses  refunded.  Spade- 
husbandry  and  irrigation  are  carried  on  to  a  great  extent. 
In  the  northern  provinces  the  cereals  are  principally  maize, 
barley,  and  wheat;  but  in  the  south  rice  is  raised  in  vast 
quantities  and  forms  the  staple  food  of  the  people.  To- 
bacco and  the  poppy  are  also  raised.  In  1877-78  the  north- 
ern provinces  were  desolated  by  one  of  the  most  extensive 
and  destructive  famines  ever  known  to  history. 

Animals. — Comparatively  little  is  known  of  the  zoology 
of  China.  Of  the  monkey-tribe  the  most  remarkable  is  the 
Cochin-Chinese  monkey.  Tigers  are  occasionally  found  in 
nearly  all  parts  of  the  empire,  save  the  most  densely  peo- 
pled districts.  Wild-cats  are  common  in  the  forests  of  the 
south,  and  bears  are  found  in  the  hills.  Of  the  ruminantia 
there  are  the  musk-deer  {Moschua  moschiferua)  and  several 
other  species.  The  gold  and  silver  pheasant,  the  argus 
pheasant,  and  other  gallinaceous  birds  hold  a  prominent 
place  in  the  ornithology  of  China.  Water-fowl  inhabit  the 
lakes,  rivers,  and  marshes.  The  larger  reptiles  are  un- 
known ;  but  tortoises  and  turtles  abound  on  the  coast,  and 
lizards  are  plentiful  in  the  south.  The  ichthyology  of  China 
is  one  of  the  richest  in  the  world.  Sharks,  rays,  sturgeons, 
and  other  cartilaginous  fishes  are  common  on  the  coast, 
and  the  carp  formerly  was  very  plentiful  in  the  lakes  and 
rivers.  Locusts  often  commit  extensive  ravages.  Silk- 
worms are  highly  valued,  and  reared  in  large  numbers. 

In  a  country  of  such  vast  extent,  extending  from  18°  to 
40°  N.  lat.,  the  climate  must  vary  greatly.  Indeed,  as  re- 
gards both  climate  and  productions,  China  may  be  divided 
into  three  zones, — the  northern,  the  central,  and  the  southern. 
The  northern  zone  extends  to  the  35th  parallel,  and  include? 
the  5  provinces  of  Shan-Toong,  Pe-Chee-Lee,  Shan-See, 
Shen-See,  and  Kan-Soo.    It  produces  the  grains,  fruits,  and 


CHI 


880 


cni 


uiimala  of  Northern  Europe.  Here  the  extremes  of  heat 
and  cold  are  great.  The  winters  are  rery  serere,  and  at 
that  season  ice  a  foot  thick  renders  the  riTers  unnavigablo. 
TIm  prodnotions  of  the  northern  provinces  are  wheat,  biir- 
iej,  oats,  apples,  the  haxel-nut,  and  the  potato;  they  are 
also  rich  in  wood  and  minerals.  The  central  sono,  the 
riehest  portion  of  China,  contains  8  provinces, — So-Chuon, 
Koel-Choo,  Hoo-Nan,  Hoo-Pe,  Kiang-8ee,  Ngan-Hooi,  llo- 
Nan,  and  Kiang-6uo, — and  is  bounded  by  the  27th  or  2Sth 
parallel ;  ton  and  silk  are  its  oharacteristio  products ;  the 
middle  portion  is  the  granary  of  China,  and  the  eastern 
part  is  celebrated  for  its  manufactures  of  silk  and  cotton. 
Cotton  is  grown  even  in  Manchooria.  The  southern  zone 
embraces  5  provinces, — Yun-Nan,  Quang-Tong,  Quang-See, 
Fo-Kien,  and  Che-Kiang.  The  exchange  of  its  tropical 
uroductions  for  those  of  the  northern  sone  is  an  important 
branch  of  the  internal  commerce  of  the  country.  Quang- 
Tong  lies  partly  within  the  tropics;  and  the  whole  province 
is  tropical,  both  in  climate  and  in  productions.  Its  fruits 
are  oranges,  lichees,  mangoes,  and  bananas;  rice  is  its 
staple  grain,  and  it  produces  the  ground-nut,  the  sweet 
potftto,  and  the  yam.  The  following  table  exhibits  the 
area  and  population  in  lb9U  of  the  lU  provinces  into  which 
China  is  divided; 


ProTinces. 


Che-Klang... 

Fo-Kien„ 

Formosa........ 

Ho-Nan 

Hoo-Nan 

Hoo-Pe 

Kan-Soo 

KianK-Soo_... 
Kiaiig-See_... 
Koei-C'hoo„.., 
Ngau-Hoei.,., 
Pe-Chee-Lee . 

Quang-See 

Quang-Tong. 

Se<!liuen 

Shan-See 

Shau-Tooug.. 

8hen-See 

Tun-Nan 


Totals. 


Area  in 
sq.  miles. 


30,1SO 
63,480 
14,«82 
66,101 
74,320 
70,460 


44,600 
72,176 
64,654 
48,461 
68,949 
78,250 
79,456 

166,880 
65,268 
65,104 
67,400 

107,969 


1,313,061 


Population. 


11,800,000 
20,500,000 

.'J,000,000 
22,100,000 
21,000,000 
3<J,  000,000 

9,300,000 
21,000,000 
21,000,000 

7,700,000 
21,000,000 
10,350,000 

6,200,(X)0 
29,7(KI,000 
46,600,000 
11,200,000 
25,000,000 

8,300,(100 
12,000,000 


344,650,000 


Pop.  per 
sq.  mile. 


301 
383 
267 
339 
269 
425 
107 
474 
290 
10.1 
433 
328 
66 
373 
272 
202 
384 
123 
111 


The  southern  provinces  of  Manchooria  are  organized  and 
governed  on  the  Chinese  plan,  and  mainly  peopled  by  Chi- 
nese. Hence  they  are  to  all  intents  parts  of  China  proper. 
The  population  of  China  proper  was  estimated  in  18S9  at 
360,000,000.  Recent  estimates,  chiefly  from  Chine.'e  data 
for  1882,  give  the  population  as  382,978,840.  The  returns 
show  that  in  1890,  1153  Americans  resided  in  Chinese  ports. 
JnhabitanU. — Ethnologically,  the  Chinese  belong  to  that 
variety  of  the  human  species  distinguished  by  a  Mongolian 
conformation  of  the  head  and  fsice,  and  a  monosyllabic  lan- 
guage. A  tawny  or  parchment-colored  skin,  coarse  and 
lank  black  hair,  a  thin  beard,  oblique  eyes,  and  high  cheek- 
bones are  characteristics  of  the  race.  The  average  height 
of  the  Chinaman  is  about  equal  to  that  of  the  European; 
the  women  are  disproportionately  small,  and  have  a  broad 
upper  face,  low  nose,  and  linear  eyes.  Of  the  general  char- 
acter of  the  Chinese  it  is  not  easy  to  form  a  fair  and  im- 
partial judgment;  and  those  who  have  resided  long  in  the 
country,  and  know  them  well,  have  arrived  at  very  different 
conclusions.  M.  Hue  asserts  that  they  are  "  destitute  of 
religious  feelings  and  beliefs,"  "  sceptical  and  indifferent  to 
everything  that  concerns  the  moral  side  of  man,"  "  their 
whole  lives  but  materialism  put  in  action."  Mr.  Meadows 
admits  that  these  charges  are  true  of  the  mass  of  the  Chi- 
UMe,  but  among  them  there  is  a  large  amount  of  generosity 
and  right  feeling,  and  "  a  minority  higher  in  nature,  actu- 
ated by  higher  motives,  aiming  at  higher  aims."  The  peo- 
ple generally  have  no  fear  of  death,  commit  suicide  as  the 
■  Bolntion  of  a  difficulty,  and  endure  the  most  cruel  tortures 
vrith  a  passive  fortitude ;  but  neither  their  discipline  nor 
arms  enable  them  to  stand  before  European  forces.  The 
Chinese  are  as  a  race  unwarlike,  fond  of  peace  and  domestic 
order,  capable  of  a  high  degree  of  organization  and  local 
self-government,  sober,  industrious,  practical,  unimagina- 
tive, literary,  and  deeply  imbued  with  the  mercantile  spirit. 
The  southeastern  Chinese  —  the  people  of  Quang-Tong, 
Fo-Kien,  and  the  south  of  Che-Kiang — are  the  most  restless 
and  enterprising.  In  the  mountainous  districts  of  the  four 
Mutbeastern  provinces  of  China,  but  principally  in  Quang- 


See,  are  certain  tribes  who  are  probably  descended  from  thii 
aboriginal  inhabitants  of  China.  I 

The  loorihip  of  anceitort  is  a  remarkable  and  ]'V      ': 
feature  in  Chinese  social  life,  and  is  dictated  by  i 
ciple  of  filial  ])iety  which  forms  the  basis  of  ('hinc.'-' 
The  rich  have  in  their  houses  a  chamber  dedicated  tu  ti 
forefathers.     All  Chinese  worship  from  time  tu  time  ut 
tombs  of  their  parents.     They  regard  the  quality  uf  tl 
coffins  as  of  vital  importance,  and  frequently  provide  tl 
during  their  lifetime:  indeed,  a  coffin  is  reckoned  a  in 
acceptable  present,  and  is  frequently  given  by  children  to, 
their  parents.     Yet  death  is  never  alluded  to  in  direct  terms,  I 
but  is  indicated  rather  by  periphrosei',  such  as — the  person' 
"exists  no  more,"  "he  has  saluted  the  age,"  "ascended  to 
the  sky,"  Ac.     In  China  viarriar/e  is  universal  and  within 
the  reach  of  all ;  but  there  is  a  strict  separation  of  the  so.xcs, 
and  betrothal  is  undertaken  by  the  parents  or  by  ])idli^.-i(jnul 
match-makers.      Minute  ceremonial  observances    rt;,'ulute 
every  step,  and  frequently  the  bride  and  bridegroom  see 
each  other  on  the  wedding-day  for  the  first  time.     Women 
hold  a  very  inferior  position,  and  are  little  better  thnn  slaves. 
Polygamy  is  not  recognized  by  law,  but  secondary  wives  or* 
common.     Infanticide,  though  regarded  as  a  crime,  is  priuv 
tiscd  to  some  extent,  and  parents  possess  almost  unlimited 
authority  over  their  children.     The  intercourse  of  the  Chi- 
nese with  one  another,  especially  of  the  upper  classes,  is  reg- 
ulated by  a  tedious  and  elaborate  etiquette :  indeed,  they 
are  the  slaves  of  custom,  and  everything  is  done  by  prece- 
dent.    The  Lc-Kiinj,  or  Book  of  Rites,  regulates  Chincfis 
manners,  and  is  one  cause  of  their  unchangcableness ;  for 
here  they  are  stereotyped  and  handed  down  from  age  to 
age.     The  ceremonial  usages  of  China  are  very  numerous, 
and  one  of  the  tribunals  at  Poking  is  charged  with  their  in- 
terpretation.    The  Chinese  have  numerous  fcttivuh; 
perhaps  the  most  remarkable  of  these  is  that  celebrati 
the  commencement  of  the  new  year,  when  unbounded 
tivity  prevails.     Preparatory  to  this,  debts  are  settled,  aud 
the  devout  repair  to  the  temples  to  gain  the  favor  of  the 
gods.     The  first  day  of  the  year  may  in  one  sense  be  reck- 
oned the  birthday  of  the  whole  people,  for  their  ages  ars 
dated  from  it.     Visiting  is  at  the  same  time  carried  on  to  ■ 
great  extent,  whilst  parents  and  teachers  receive  the  pros- 
trations and  salutations  of  their  children  or  pupils.     The 
festival  of  the  dragon-boats  is  held  on  the  fifth  day  of  *'" 
fifth  month ;  and  at  the  first  full  moon  of  the  year  the  : 
of  lanterns.     In  the  manufacture  of  these  the  Chinese  ca 
and  on  the  night  of  the  festival  lanterns  wonderful  in  thelt 
variety  of  form  and  material  illuminate  each  door. 

On  the  approach  of  cold  weather  the  Chinaman  lights  no 
fire  in  his  dwelling,  but  puts  on  additional  clothing.  A 
tunic  or  kind  of  loose  j.ocket  fitting  close  round  the  neck, 
and  wide  short  trousers,  are  his  principal  garments.  Show 
are  made  of  silk  or  cotton,  with  thick  felt  soles.  TheTai  tai 
tonsure  and  braided  queue  became  general  with  the  Man- 
choo  conquest  of  the  country  ;  and,  as  no  Chinaman  is  hii 
own  barber,  a  great  number  of  this  calling  find  employment 
The  Chinaman  is  very  sparing  in  his  ablutions;  for  cold 
water,  either  as  a  beverage  or  for  washing  his  person,  h« 
holds  in  abomination.  The  costume  of  the  women  diffen 
but  little  from  that  of  the  men,  and  their  shoes  are  th( 
most  remarkable  part  of  their  toilet.  A  lady's  shoe  meas- 
ures about  3i  inches  from  the  heel  to  the  toe.  The  feet  of 
the  Tartar  women  are  left  as  nature  made  them,  but  among 
the  Chinese  all  girls  of  the  better  classes  are  crippled  by  th« 
forcible  compression  of  the  feet  in  early  infancy. 

The  principal  manufactures  of  the  Chinese  are  silk,  cot- 
ton, linen,  and  pottery,  for  which  latter  they  are  espeeiallj 
celebrated.  The  finest  porcelain  is  made  in  the  province  of 
Kiang-See.  The  Chinese  invented  printing  in  the  begin- 
ning of  the  tenth  century,  and  in  932  A.n.  a  printed  im- 
perial edition  of  the  sacred  bookswas  published.  The  skill 
of  the  Chinese  in  handicraft  is  astonishing.  Their  ricb 
silks  and  satins,  light  gauzes,  beautiful  embroidery,  claboiati 
carving  on  wood  and  stone,  delicate  filigree-work  in  gold  and 
silver,  fine  lacquered-ware,  antique  vessels  in  bronze,  and 
their  brilliant  coloring  on  pith  paper,  command  universal 
admiration. 

In  the  government  of  China  the  emperor  is  absolute  is 
the  empire,  the  governor  in  the  province,  the  magistrate  ir 
the  district.  The  emperor  claims  no  hereditary  divine  right, 
and  is  not  always  the  eldest  son  of  the  preceding  monarch  : 
the  ablest  son  or  other  near  relative  may  be  nominated; 
but  his  right  to  the  throne  as  the  Tien-Tze, "  son  of  heaven,' 
can  only  be  established  by  good  government,  in  accordance 
with  the  principles  laid  down  in  the  national  sacred  books 
If,  on  the  contrary,  ho  violates  these  principles,  the  peoph 
believe  that  heaven  signifies  by  unmistakable  signs  thai 


CHI 


881 


cm 


^leir  ruler  is  not  its  chosen  representative.  The  emperor  is 
bsolute  as  legislator  and  administrator :  but  he  must  legis- 
late in  accordance  with  the  general  principles  acknowledged 
n  the  country.  He  also  constitutes  in  his  own  person  the 
aio-hest  criminal  court.     The  Chinese  possess  a  carefully  di- 

sted  code  of  laws,  which  is  added  to  and  modified  from 
iime  to  time  by  imperial  edicts.     Their  penal  code  com- 

lenced  2000  years  ago,  and  copies  of  it  are  sold  at  so  cheap 

rate  as  to  be  within  reach  of  people  of  the  humblest  means. 

cath,  which  the  Chinaman  prefers  to  long  confinement,  is 
,he  penalty  for  a  large  number  of  offences,  and  in  ordinary 

ears  about  10,000  criminals  are  executed.  Several  modes 
f  torture  are  legal.  The  emperor  is  assisted  in  governing 
ly  two  councils — 1.  The  Inner  or  Privy  Council,  composed 
f  six  high  ofiicials,  three  of  whom  are  Chinese  and  three 
Manchoos ;  also  ten  assistants.  The  four  senior  ministers 
iexercise  functions  corresponding  to  those  of  an  English 
iprime  minister.  There  is  also  in  late  years  a  foreign  oflSce. 
2.  The  General  or  Strategical  Conncil,  which  closely  re- 
sembles our  cabinet,  being  composed  of  the  most  influential 
I  officers  in  the  capital,  who  exercise  high  legislative  and  ex- 
ecutive duties.  The  decisions  of  the  emperor  in  council  are 
regularly  published  in  the  Peking  Gazette.  There  are  be- 
sides in  the  capital  six  yaniMii*  or  public  ofiBces,  each  charged 
(with  a  distinct  department  of  government;  and  over  all  is 
I  the  Court  of  General  Inspection,  or  the  Censorate.  The 
{mandarins  composing  this  are  "the  eyes  and  ears  of  the 
emperor;"  for  it  is  their  province  to  see  that  all  officers  of 
the  government,  provincial  or  metropolitan,  are  faithful  in 
the  discharge  of  their  respective  duties. 

The  administrative  machinery/  of  the  Chinese  is  very  per- 
fect in  its  organization,  and  demands  an  attentive  consider- 
ation for  the  right  understanding  of  the  people  and  govern- 
ment. In  each  of  the  18  provinces  is  a  governor,  who, 
besides  being  at  the  head  of  the  civil  jurisdiction,  is  com- 
mander-in-chief, and  possesses  the  power  of  life  and  death 
for  certain  offences.  He  is  privileged  to  correspond  with  the 
i  cabinet-council  and  the  emperor.  Under  the  governor  are 
the  superintendent  of  provincial  finances,  the  provincial 
}  criminal  judge,  and  the  provincial  educational  examiner; 
each  communicates  with  his  especial  board  in  Peking.  The 
governor  is  also  assisted  by  many  other  judicial  and  admin- 
istrative officials.  The  governmental  organization  of  each 
province  is  complete  in  itself,  but  in  a  few  instances  two 
provinces — Quang-Tong  and  Quang-See,  for  instance — form 
a  viceroyalty,  over  which  a  governor-general,  in  addition  to 
the  governors,  exercises  authority.  Every  province  is  again 
subdivided  into  districts,  departments,  and  circuits.  The 
average  number  of  districts  in  a  province  is  80,  and  each 
of  these  is  about  the  size  of  an  English  county.  A  civil 
functionary,  called  sometimes  the  district  magistrate,  pre- 
sides over  this  division,  and  is  assisted  by  several  subordi- 
nate officers.  A  group  of  districts — 6  is  the  average  number 
for  the  whole  18  provinces — forms  a  department,  and  is  ruled 
by  a  prefect,  who  resides  in  the  /oo,  or  departmental  city. 

The  several  grades  of  mandarins,  or  Chinese  government 
officials,  are  distinguished  chiefly  by  a  different-colored  ball 
or  button  on  the  top  of  the  cap.  There  are  12  orders  of  no- 
1  bility  confined  to  the  imperial  house  and  clan,  and  also  5 
ancient  orders  of  nobility  open  to  the  civil  and  military 
servants  of  the  state.  The  normal  government  of  China  is 
less  a  despotism  than  a  morally  supported  autocracy,  and  it  is 
in  principle  paternal.  What  the  father  is  to  his  family, 
that  the  governor,  the  prefect,  and  the  magistrate  are  in- 
tended to  be,  each  in  his  own  sphere,  to  the  people ;  whilst 
the  emperor  stands  in  the  same  relation  to  the  myriad  in- 
habitants of  his  vast  dominions.  In  ordinary  times  the 
Chinaman  enjoys  much  practical  freedom,  and  can  travel 
through  the  country  or  follow  any  calling  he  likes. 

The  Chinese  executive  system  is  based  on  competitive  ex- 
aminations, which  are  intended  to  sift  out  from  the  millions 
of  educated  Chinese  the  best  and  ablest  for  the  public  ser- 
vice. The  first  examination  takes  place  every  three  years 
in  the  capital  of  each  department,  when  the  lowest  degree 
—that  or  bachelor — is  conferred  on  a  certain  number  of 
candidates  from  each  district.  Triennial  examinations  are 
held  in  the  provincial  capital,  presided  over  by  two  examiners 
from  Peking,  at  which  sometimes  as  many  as  10,000  bachelors 
present  themselves  and  compete  for  the  degree  of  licentiate. 
Some  1200  obtain  it,  and  these  may  attend  the  triennial 
metropolitan  examination  at  Peking,  when  about  200  may 
hope  for  the  coveted  degree  of  doctor,  which  insures  imme- 
diate preferment.  These  examinations,  by  directing  the 
attention  of  students  solely  to  the  ancient  literature  of  the 
country,  to  the  exclusion  of  the  physical  sciences,  however 
efficient  in  producing  that  wonderful  homogeneity  for  which 
the  inhabitants  of  the  Central  Kingdom  are  famous,  stunt 


and  stereotype  the  national  mind,  which,  like  the  dwarfed 
tree  the  Chinaman  delights  to  raise  in  a  flower-pot,  or  the 
feet  of  a  Chinese  girl,  can  never  fully  expand.  In  the  cus- 
toms department  of  the  Chinese  government  a  considerable 
number  of  Americans  and  Europeans  are  employed. 

Education,  as  the  high-road  to  official  employment,  to 
rank,  wealth,  and  influence,  is  eagerly  sought  by  all  classes. 
Literary  proficiency  commands  everywhere  respect  and  con- 
sideration, and  primarj'  instruction  penetrates  to  the  re- 
motest villages.  Self-supporting  day-schools  are  universal 
throughout  the  country,  and  the  office  of  teacher  is  followed 
by  a  great  number  of  the  literati.  Government  provides 
state  examiners,  but  does  not  otherwise  assist  in  the  educa- 
tion of  the  people.  The  Chinese  have  a  remarkable  rever- 
ence for  the  written  character.  Waste  printed  paper  is  col- 
lected from  house  to  house  and  burned  to  preserve  it  from 
profanation. 

Army. — In  theory  the  army  consists  of  about  800,000 
men,  scattered  throughout  the  empire,  besides  271,000  Tar- 
tars at  the  disposal  of  the  government.  It  cannot  be  prop- 
erly said  to  form  a  standing  army.  The  governor  of  a 
province  is  often  commander-in-chief,  and  is  assisted  by  a 
general-in -chief,  as  well  as  lieutenants-  and  majors-general. 
The  Chinese  and  Tart.ar  troops  form  two  important  divisions 
of  the  army.  The  Tartar  garrisons  are  indeed  the  real 
strength  of  the  Manchoo  emperor.  That  at  Peking  is 
150,000  strong;  and  18  others,  averaging  each  about  3000 
men,  are  dotted  about  the  provinces,  forming,  with  their 
wives  and  children,  military  colonies.  These  troops,  which 
are  armed  with  two-edged  swords  and  matchlocks,  or  tho 
bow,  were  alone  able  to  stand  against  the  Tae-Ping  rebels 
and  turn  them  from  the  capital  of  tho  empire.  About 
270,000  men  are  disciplined  soldiers,  organized  on  the 
European  plan,  and  equipped  with  breach-loading  small- 
arms,  and  on  the  coast  there  are  forts  built  on  the  most  ap- 
proved plans  and  mounted  with  rifled  guns  of  steel.  Bui 
a  large  part  of  the  army  is  a  mere  constabulary  force. 

Navy. — The  imperial  navy  is  divided  into  river  and  sea- 
going vessels.  Besides  the  old  force  of  junks,  there  are 
several  war-vessels  of  European  construction,  including 
4  iron-clad  steamers,  4  cruisers,  and  15  gunboats. 

Religion. — Three  forms  of  belief — the  Confucian,  the 
Booddhist,  and  the  Taouist — may  be  considered  the  national 
religions,  as  they  are  believed  in,  more  or  less,  by  the  great 
mass  of  the  people.  Of  these,  the  Confucian  and  the  Taou- 
ist are  indigenous,  but  Booddhism  was  introduced  from 
India.  A  struggle  for  ascendency  was  long  maintained  be- 
tween these  religions,  but  has  now  entirely  ceased  :  indeed, 
it  is  no  unusual  thing  for  all  three  to  be  professed  by  the 
same  person,  and,  as  they  supplement  one  another,  this  is  not 
altogether  inconsistent.  Confucianism  is  the  oasis  of  the 
social  life  and  political  system  of  the  Chinese.  It  has  been 
professed  by  all  their  greatest  men,  and  is  still  the  sole 
belief  of  the  educated  classes.  It  is,  however,  less  a  religion 
than  a  philosophy,  and  does  not  pretend  to  treat  of  spirit- 
ual things  :  hence  room  was  left  for  other  creeds  to  supply 
its  deficiencies  in  this  respect.  The  questions  to  which 
Confucius  replied  were,  "  How  shall  I  do  my  duty  to  my 
neighbor?  How  can  I  best  discharge  the  duty  of  a  vir- 
tuous citizen  ?"  Funereal  temples  are  erected  to  Confucius, 
and,  though  his  image  is  not  used  as  an  idol,  his  tablet  is 
worshipped,  and  sacrifices  of  oxen  and  sheep  are  offered 
before  it  at  the  equinoxes. 

Booddhism  in  China,  though  extending  over  the  whole 
country  and  influencing  more  or  less  the  mass  of  the  people, 
is  fast  losing  its  hold  on  them,  and  has  very  little  of  the 
power  and  authority  it  once  possessed.  Its  edifices  are 
going  to  decay,  and  no  new  ones  rise  upon  their  ruins.  Its 
priests  are  illiterate,  and,  together  with  their  religion,  are 
held  in  contempt  by  the  philosophic  Chinaman.  The  north- 
ern form  of  Booddhism,  which  differs  considerably  from 
that  of  Ceylon  and  the  Indo-Chinese  Peninsula,  prevails  in 
China.  Its  sacred  books,  in  common  with  those  of  Nepaul 
and  Thibet,  are  written  in  Sanscrit,  or  arc  translations. 

Taouism  has  not  more  hold  than  Booddhism  on  the  literate 
Chinese.  Its  priests  are  generally  ignorant  men,  few  of 
them  understanding  the  real  principles  of  their  faith.  They 
practise  a  mystic  alchemy,  prepare  spells  and  incantations, 
and,  like  modern  spiritualists,  hold  intercourse  with  the 
dead.  These  mystics  worship  certain  stars,  which  are  sup- 
posed to  influence  human  life,  and  also  genii,  devils,  and 
inferior  spirits. 

Besides  these  three  religions,  which  alone  affect  the  bulk 
of  the  people,  there  is  a  ritual  state  worship, — a  kind  of 
philosophic  pantheism,  an  adoration  of  certain  natural  ob- 
jects; but  it  is  a  mere  ceremonial,  and  associated  with  no 
theological  doctrines.    Three  classes  of  objects  are  di&tin- 


cnr 


882 


CHI 


f  uUh«d,  to  which  tha  great,  medium,  nnd  loMer  sacrifloes 
%n  offered.  The  first  class  includes  the  heaven  and  the 
earth.  Equal  to  those,  and  likowiKo  restricted  to  the  wor- 
ship of  the  euiperur,  is  the  ^reat  Tum)>le  of  Imperial  An- 
cestors. The  medium  tiocrilices  nre  ofl'crod  to  the  sun  and 
moon,  the  gods  of  the  lund  and  grain,  genii,  and  sages.  In 
the  third  class  are  reckoned  certain  natural  phenomena,  as 
Well  aa  deceased  statesmen  and  scholars.  The  emperor 
appears  to  acknowledge  a  supreme  being  as  king  of  kings, 
the  rawarder  of  virtue,  and  the  punisher  of  vice;  but  still 
Chinese  philodopby  is  atheistical,  and  deduces  "  the  devel- 
opmeut  of  the  universe  from  one  unintelligent  and  will-less 
priiR-iple."  Hence  all  educated  Chinese  are  atheists,  at 
leot^l  theoretically. 

Among  the  politer  classes,  when  strangers  meet,  the  ques- 
tion is  odked,  "  To  what  sublime  religion  do  you  belong  ?" 
and  each  one  pronounces  a  culogium,  not  on  his  own  re- 
ligion, but  on  that  professed  by  the  others,  and  concludes 
with  the  oft-repeated  formula,  "  Religions  are  many ;  rea- 
son is  one :  wo  are  all  brothers."  The  government  is  equally 
tolerant  of  religious  diversity,  e:(ocpt  whore  a  political  de- 
sign is  suspected.  Missions  ure  muintuinod  in  China  by 
Christians  of  many  sects,  and  latterly  with  considerable 
success  in  some  places;  but  the  popular  prejudice  against 
Christianity  is  strong.  There  are  some  Chinese  Moham- 
medans, chiefly  in  the  W.,  and  a  few  Chinese  Jews. 

Hlgtory. — The  early  annals  of  China,  like  those  of  most 
other  countries,  belong  rather  to  mythology  than  to  history. 
Beginning  with  Pan-Ku,  the  first  of  all  beings,  the  country 
was  ruled  over  first  by  gods,  and  then  god-descended  per- 
sonages, who  revealed  to  men  the  essential  arts  of  life.  The 
historical  period  may  be  said  to  commence  with  the  Ilia 
period  or  dynasty,  begun  by  Yu  the  Great  about  2200  B.C., 
although  a  great  infusion  of  the  fabulous  still  continues. 
Some  date  the  real  history  of  China  from  the  Tchow  or  Chow 
dynasty,  which  began  with  Wu-Wang  about  1100  B.C.  It 
was  during  the  reign  of  Ling- Wang  (571-544),  one  of  this 
dynasty,  that  Confucius  was  born.  China  would  seem  during 
this  period  to  have  been  divided  into  a  number  of  inde- 
pendent states.  The  kings  of  Tsin  gradually  gained  the 
ascendency,  and  at  last  one  of  them  reduced  the  other  states 
to  subjection  (247  B.C.),  and  assumed  the  title  of  Iloang,  or 
emper»r.  This  first  emperor  finished  the  Grea;  Wall  (see 
above),  as  a  protection  against  the  Tartars,  who  had  all 
along  been  a  source  of  danger  and  annoyance  to  the  richer 
and  more  pacific  Chinese.  We  cannot  enumerate  the  vari- 
ous dynasties  that  followed,  nor  the  frequent  divisions  and 
reunions  of  the  empire,  varied  by  incursions  and  partial 
subjugations  by  the  troublesome  Tartars.  At  last  the  Mon- 
gols or  Western  Tartars,  being  called  in  to  aid  the  Chinese 
(1209),  became  finally  masters  of  the  whole  country  (1279), 
and  reigned  over  it  till  1368,  when  they  were  expelled  by 
the  Chinese,  and  the  Ming  native  dynasty  succeeded,  which 
lasted  276  years  and  fell  at  length  through  its  own  mis- 
government.  A  general  of  the  last  Ming  emperor,  who  was 
employed  in  keeping  the  Manchoos  in  check,  made  peace 
with  them,  and  obtained  their  assistance  against  the  native 
usurper  who  had  deposed  his  sovereign.  The  Manchoos 
established  themselves  in  Peking  (1644),  nnd  finally,  after 
a  seven-years'  struggle,  acquired  the  sovereignty  of  the 
whole  empire.  Many  of  the  conquering  race  now  filled  the 
highest  oflices  of  state.  More  than  one  powerful  emperor 
of  the  race  has  ably  conducted  the  government  of  the  coun- 
try, and  the  Manchoo  dynasty  still  remains  in  power. 

Of  recent  events  in  Chinese  history,  the  most  remarkable 
is  the  rise  and  progress  of  the  Tae-Ping  rebels.  Their 
leader  was  a  man  of  humble  origin,  and  an  unsuccessful 
candidate  for  government  employment.  Some  Christian 
tracts  led  him  to  renounce  idolatry,  and  he  founded  a  so- 
ciety of  God-worshippers,  which  in  the  autumn  of  1850  was 
brought  into  collision  with  the  imperial  authorities  and 
immediately  assumed  a  political  character.  He  persuaded 
himself  and  his  followers  that  he  had  received  a  divine  com- 
mission to  uproot  idolatry,  extirpate  the  Tartar  intruders, 
and  establish  the  new  native  dynasty  of  Tae-Ping,  or  Uni- 
versal Peace.  The  course  of  this  rebellion,  the  victorious 
march  of  the  Tae-Ping  army  from  Kwang-Se  to  Nanking 
in  1850-5.3,  and  its  subsequent  career,  cannot  here  be  traced. 
This  rebellion  was  suppressed  in  1865  by  imperial  troops 
led  by  American  and  British  officers,  assisted  by  contingents 
of  English  and  French  troops. 

In  early  times  the  Chinese  do  not  appear  to  have  been 
opposed  to  intercourse  with  foreigners;  but  the  conduct  of 
the  Spaniards  and  Portuguese  between  1520  and  1570  ex- 
cited their  hostility.  The  Manchoo  government  restricted 
foreign  trade  and  intercourse  to  Canton,  where  it  was  car- 
ried on  through  the  medium  of  the  hong  merchants.    Dif- 


ferences arose,  however,  from  time  to  time  betwfcon  tli 
two  oommercial  bodies,  occasioned  chiefly  by  the  c.xiicii 
of  the  mandarins  on  foreign  trade.     With  a  view  to  a  b«  i 
understanding,  the  British  government  decpatclieil  to   ! 
king  an  embassy  under  Lord  Macartney  in  17U2,and  nnoi 
under  Lord  Amherst  in  1816.   On  the  22d  of  April,  I8;i4,  i 
mono)>oly  of  the  East  India  Company  ceased,  and  Urii 
imperial  oflicers  were  appointed  to  carry  out  the  new  ju 
oial  and  fiscal  arrangements.     Constant  dissensions  bet«. 
these  and  the  mandarins  continued  till  the  end  of  the  yi 
1839,  when  the  latter,  with  the  design  of  stop})ing  the  opi'uu- 1 
trade,  committed  acts  of  open  hostility.     A  war  broke  out  i 
the  following  year,  at  the  commencement  of  which  Chinese 
officials  talked  of  invading  England.     The  imperial  govern- 
ment was,  however,  sufliciently  humbled  by  tlie  midiUo  of 
the  year  1842,  and  on  the  2ttth  of  August  a  treaty  of  peace 
was  signed  before  Nanking,  by  which  the  ports  of  Amoy,  I'ou- 
Choo,  Ning-Po,  and  Shang-Hai  were,  in  addition  to  Canton, 
thrown  open  to  foreign  trade.     The  other  most  important 
articles  of  the  treaty  provided  that  the  island  of  Hong- 
Kong  should  be  ceded  in  perpetuity  to  Great  Britain,  and 
that  China  should  pay  21,000,000  dollars  towards  the  ex- 
penses  of  the  war. 

With  five  free  ports,  foreign  trade  with  China  soon  as- 
sumed gigantic  proportions ;  and  though  the  Chinese  long 
evaded  the  treaty  whenever  practicable,  and  though  wars 
have  since  occurred  with  France  and  England,  on  the  whole 
a  much  more  liberal  policy  has  prevailed,  foreigners  being 
now  at  liberty  to  travel  in  nearly  every  part  of  the  cm- 

Eire.  The  open  or  treaty  ports  in  1888  were  22  in  num- 
er,  viz.,  New-Chwang,  Tien-Tsin,  Che-Foo,  Han-Keoo, 
Kioo-Kiang,  E-Ching,  Macao,  Ching-Kiang-Foo,  Sbang- 
Hai,  Ning-Po,  Foo-Choo,  Tamsui,  Kee-Lung,  Takow, 
Tai-Wan-Foo  (Amping),  Amoy,  Swatow,  Woo-Hoo,  Wan- 
Chow,  Canton,  Kiong-Choo,  and  Pakhoi,  besides  Maimai- 
chin  in  the  N.,  the  seat  of  an  important  trade  with  Russia. 

Since  1861  many  changes  have  taken  place  in  the  im- 
perial government,  and  a  wiser  policy  has  been  entered 
upon.  Under  the  regency  of  Prince  Kung  there  exist  a 
more  vigorous  administration  of  the  laws  and  a  more  faith- 
ful observance  of  treaties.  A  national  flag  has  been  adopted, 
and  a  strong  desire  manifested  by  the  imperial  government 
to  become  acquainted  with  internation.al  law, — a  wide  de- 
parture from  the  former  disdainful  policy.  In  1866  ar- 
rangements were  made  for  telegraphic  communication  be- 
tween Peking  and  all  parts  of  the  world,  and  emigration  to 
foreign  countries  was  permitted.  In  1877-78  Chinese 
Toorkistan,  which  under  the  rule  of  the  late  Yakoob  Beg 
had  become  independent,  was  reconquered,  after  a  short  and 
sanguinary  war, — the  rebellions  of  Mohammedans  in  the 
N.  and  S.W.  having  previously  been  suppressed.  The  im- 
migration of  Chinese  into  the  United  States  was  prohibited 
there  by  law  in  1882  for  ten  years,  and  in  1892  the  prohi- 
bition was  renewed  and  rendered  more  severe  for  an  equal 
period.  The  Australian  and  New  Zealand  governments 
prohibited  Chinese  immigration  in  1888.  The  war  with 
France,  1884-85,  about  the  possession  of  Annam  and  Ton- 
quin,  resulted  in  the  renunciation  by  China  of  these  two 
provinces  and  their  acquisition  by  the  French  government. 

Commerce. — The  rivers  and  numberless  canals  of  China 
are  covered  with  vessels  employed  in  internal  commerce, 
which  consists  chiefly  in  the  exchange  of  the  various  j)r()d- 
ucts  of  the  several  provinces.  Foreign  trade  with  China 
has  assumed  great  importance.  Tea  and  raw  silk  are  tlio 
great  staple  products.  But  some  fictile  and  wooden  wares, 
fang,  fire-crackers,  musk,  rhubarb,  sugar,  cassia,  grass-cloth, 
and  ornamental  goods  are  also  exported. 

The  commercial  intercourse  of  China  is  mainly  with 
Great  Britain  and  her  colonies.  Among  other  countries 
the  United  States  and  Germany  take  the  first  rank,  having 
about  20  per  cent,  of  the  commerce  of  China,  Russia  and 
Japan  ranking  next.  China  herself  has  a  very  large  inter- 
nal and  coastwise  trade,  chiefly  between  the  northern  and 
southern  provinces.  This  trade  is  partly  carried  on  by 
river  and  coasting  steam -vessels,  some  of  them  owned  by 
Chinese  and  built  in  China.  In  1878  the  only  railway  then 
existing  in  China,  that  from  Ning-Po  to  Woo  Sung,  40 
miles  long,  was  purchased  and  destroyed  by  the  govern- 
ment, apparently  because  it  was  believed  to  interfere  with 
the  Feng-Shiiey,  a  mysterious  influence  ascribed  to  "wind 
and  water"  by  the  Chinese.  A  new  railway  from  Kai-Fong 
to  Tsientsin  (154  miles  long)  was  finished  in  1888. 

There  is  no  coinage  in  China  except  the  copper  tchen  or 
"cash,"  which  is  in  value  about  one  mill  of  United  States 
money;  and  all  but  the  most  trifling  payments  are  made 
by  a  certain  weight  of  silver,  or  in  Mexican  or  Spanish  dol- 
iarSj  and  now  ahio  in  American  and  British  trade-dollars. 


CHI 


883 


CHI 


]  1890  the  silver  dollar  coined  at  Canton  was  declared  cur- 

1  t  all  over  the  empire.    It  is  equal  in  value  to  the  Mexi- 

c I  and  United  States  silver  dollars.    Gold  is  not  a  general 

■■     i^ium  of  exchnnge.     Chinese  accounts  are  kept  in  taels, 

*  ice,  candareens,  and  cash.  A  tael  is  worth  6«.  6Jrf.=$1.50. 
*i  .(—Adj.  and  inhab.  Chinese,  chi-neez',  and  Cathay'an 
^  (jietical)  (Fr.  CniNOis,  shee'nwi' ;  Sp.  Chino,  chee'no  ;  Ger. 
'h    t{.  Chinesisoh,  Ke-ni'zish,  inhab.  Chinese,  Ke-n4'z§h). 

"      phing-An,  ching^-in',  a  remarkable  cape  on  the  N.E. 

■}     «tstof  Siberia,  in  Behring  Sea,  about  lat.  64°  40'  N.,  Ion. 

;     3°  40'  W.     It  rises  almost  vertically  from  the  sea  to  a 

(liat  height,  and  is  rendered  conspicuous  by  a  red  band  in- 

*  lisecting  it  from  its  summit  to  its  base. 

'      (Ching-Hai,  ching^-hi',  or  Chin-Hac,  a  seaport  of 

ijina,  province  of  Che-Kiang,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river 

t     iding  to  and  9  miles  N.E.  of  Ning-Po.     It  is  surrounded 

i     J  a  wall  20  feet  high,  and  is  3  miles  in  circumference,  with 

»      jtensive  suburbs.     It   has  2  batteries  on  the   river-side, 

;      jd  a  strong  citadel  on  a  precipitous  cliff  250  feet  high. 

iChiiig-Hai,  a  town  of  Corea,  on  its  S.  coast,  at  the 

buth  of  the  Ilan-Kiang  Hirer. 

fChing-Kiang,  ching*-ke-ing',  a  city  of  China,  35 
kles  N.E.  of  Yun-Nan,  on  the  bank  of  a  lake. 
|Ching-Kiang-Foo,  ching'-ke-4ng'-foo,  written  also 
.hin-Keang,Tching-Kiang,Chin-Kiang-Foo, 
jd  Tchang-Kiang,  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Kiang- 
ko,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Yang-tse-Kiang,  near  the 
inction  of  the  Imperial  Canal,  in  lat.  32°  17'  N.,  Ion.  119° 
['  E.  It  is  a  treaty-port,  the  imports  exceeding  those  of 
Iky  other  Chinese  port  except  Shanghai.  It  is  advantage- 
isly  situated  for  trade,  and  surrounded  by  a  lofty  and 
[lid  wall.  Extensive  suburbs  stretch  along  the  canal,  and 
:o  activity  exhibited  on  the  waters  affords  evidence  of  the 
iimmercial  importance  of  the  city.  The  city  was  once  for- 
Ified,  but  has  been  dismantled.  The  place  has  suffered  ex- 
jemely  in  the  recent  civil  and  foreign  wars.  Pop.  140,000. 
,  Cliing-King,pr»vineeof  Manchooria.  See Leao-Tong. 
I  Chinglcput,  ching'gl^-put',  or  Sing^alapet'ta,  a 
,iwn  of  India,  chief  town  of  the  district,  36  miles  S.S.W. 
i'  Madras,  on  the  river  Palar.  Pop.  7979. 
1  Chinglepnt,  a  district  of  British  India,  Madras  presi- 
:3ncy,  on  the  Coromandel  coast,  adjoining  the  city  and  dis- 
tict  of  Madras.  Area,  2753  square  miles.  Capital,  Ching- 
iput.     Pop.  in  1871,  938,184. 

'  Ching-Te,  or  Tching-Te-Fon,  ching-ti-foo', 
ritten  also  Tscheng-Te,  a  city  of  China,  province  of 
,e-Chee-Lee,  110  miles  N.N.E.  of  Peking.  Near  it  is  the 
jslebrated  imperial  palace  Zheiiol,  zhi-hol'  (otherwise 
jritten  Gehol,  Jehol,  and  Zheho),  the  summer  residence 
if  the  emperor. 
Ching-Ting,  Tching-Ting,  or  Tsching-Ting, 
hing'ting',  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Pe-Chee-Lee,  155 
liles  S.S.W.  of  Peking. 

Ching^-Ton',  a  city  of  China,  in  Se-Chuen.  Lat.  30° 
jO'  N. ;  Ion.  104°  E.  It  is  populous,  adorned  with  fine  edi- 
!  ees,  intersected  by  canals,  and  the  seat  of  an  extensive 
jOmmerce.  It  was  formerly  an  imperial  residence,  and  one 
:'f  the  largest  cities  of  China. 

Ching- Too- Foo,      Tching- Tou  - Fou,      or 
Tsching-Tu-Fu,ching'-too'-foo',  a  city  of  China,  capi- 
tal of  Se-Chuen.     Lat.  30°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  104°  20'  B. 
<   Chingii,  a  river  of  Brazil.    See  Xingu. 
:    Chin-IIae,  a  town  of  China.    See  Ching-IIai. 
'    Chini,  or  Chinee,  che-nee',  a  large  village  of  Sinde, 
iO  miles  N.W.  of  Sehwan,  at  an  elevation  of  10,000  feet. 
'    Chin-India,  chin  in'de-a,  a  name  sometimes  given  to 

jibe  peninsula  of  Indo-China. Adj.  and   inhab.  Chin 

i[NmAN,  chin  in'de-an. 

Chinini,  a  town  of  India.    See  Chandahnee. 
,    Chin-Keang,  China.    See  Ching-Kiang-Foo. 
Chin-Lin-Ling,  China.    See  Shin-Lin-Ling. 
:    Chin-Lung,  a  town  of  Thibet.     See  Kien-Lung. 
Chinnanee,  a  town  of  India.     See  Chandahnee. 
'    Chin-Ngan,  or  Tchin-Ngan,  chin-n'gin',  a  city  of 
China,  province  of  Quang-See,  near  the  Tonquin  frontier. 
Lat.  23°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  106°  12'  E. 

Chino.  chee'no,  a  post-hamlet  of  San  Bernardino  eo., 
■Cai.,  in  the  valley  of  the  Santa  Anna  River,  about  35  miles 
;  K.  by  S.  of  Los  Angeles.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of  Chino 
■  township,  308. 

Chinois  and  Chino.    See  China. 
Chinon,  shee^nixo',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Indre-et-Loire,  on  the  Vienne,  25  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of 
,  Tours.    Pop.  4536.     Rabelais  was  born  here. 

Chinook,  che^nook',  a  hamlet  of  Choteau  co.,  Mon- 
tana, 28  miles  E.  of  Assinniboine.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
I  newspaper  ofifice,  gold-  and  silver-mines,  (fee.     Pop.  300. 


Chinquapin,  chink'a-pin,  a  village  of  Duplin  co., 
N.C.,  on  the  Northeast  River,  about  40  miles  N.  of  AVil- 
mington.  It  has  an  academy,  and  a  manufactory  of  naval 
stores,  rosin,  <fec.     Pop.  in  1890,  295. 

Chinquapin,  a  township  of  Lexington  co.,  S.C.  P.  1407. 

Chinray^apatam',  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Deccan, 
in  Mysore,  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Seringapatam. 

Chin-San,  or  Tchin-San,  chin-s4n',  two  small 
islands  of  China,  in  the  Chusan  group,  S.E.  of  Chusan, 
about  lat.  30°  29'  N.,  Ion.  122°  56'  E. 

Chinsoorah,  or  Chinsura,  chin-soo'rd,  a  former 
town  of  Bengal,  on  the  Hoogly,  30  miles  N.  of  Calcutta. 
It  is  now  a  part  of  the  city  of  Hoogly  (q.  v.).  It  was  once 
a  place  of  great  importance.     Pop.  about  14,000. 

Chiny,  shee'nee',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Luxembourg, 
on  the  Seinoy,  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Neufchateau.     Pop.  1050. 

Chin-Yang,  a  city  of  Manchooria.    See  Mookden. 

Chio,  or  Khio,  an  island  of  Turkey.     See  Scio. 

Chiobbe,  che-ob'bi,  a  town  of  China,  province  of  Fo- 
Kien,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Amoy,  lat.  24°  35'  N.,  Ion.  117°  55' 
E.,  on  a  considerable  river,  which  bears  different  names 
according  to  the  district  through  which  it  flows.  The  town 
is  large,  has  a  custom-house  and  citadel,  and  along  the  river 
are  fortifications.  Pop.  estimated  at  300,000.  The  sur- 
rounding district  is  famed  for  the  cultivation  of  the  mul- 
berry-tree and  the  rearing  of  silk. 

Chioggia,ke-od'j3,  (anc.  Foa'sa  Clo'dia),  a  seaport  town 
of  Italy,  15  miles  S.  of  Venice,  on  an  island  in  the  southern 
extremity  of  the  Venetian  Lagoon.  Pop.  26,336.  It  is 
about  2  miles  in  circumference,  founded  on  piles,  well  built, 
and  connected  with  the  mainland  by  a  stone  bridge  of  43 
arches.  It  has  a  fine  main  street  lined  with  porticos,  a 
cathedral,  various  charitable  institutions,  and  a  harbor 
protected  by  2  forts  and  several  batteries.  It  has  high 
schools,  salt-works,  yards  for  ship-building,  fisheries,  and  a 
trade  with  the  interior  by  the  Brenta,  Adige,  Po,  and  sev- 
eral canals.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Chios,  or  Chio.     See  Scio. 

Chipicani,  chc-pe-ki'nee,  a  mountain-peak  of  the 
Andes,  near  the  boundary  of  Peru  and  Bolivia.  Lat.  17" 
43'  S. ;  Ion.  69°  47'  AV.     Height,  19,740  feet. 

Chip'ley,  a  post-town  of  Washington  co.,  Fla.,  15  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Caryville.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  Ac.     Pop.  354. 

Chipley,  a  post-village  of  Harris  co.,  Ga.,  7  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Hamilton.  It  has  4  churches,  a  distillery,  Ac. 
Pop.  500. 

Chip'man's  Brook,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  21  miles  from  Kentville. 

Chip'man's  Point,  a  post-office  of  Addison  co.,  Vt., 
on  Lake  Champlain,  in  Orwell  township. 

Chipo'la,  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  co.,  Ela.,  on  the 
Chipola  River. 

Chipo'la  River  rises  in  Henry  co.,  Ala.,  runs  south- 
ward into  Florida,  and  enters  the  Appalachicola  River  at 
or  near  lola,  Calhoun  co.  It  is  about  130  miles  long,  and  the 
lower  part  is  navigable. 

Chip'pawa,  a  port  of  entry  in  Welland  co.,  Ontario, 
at  the  confluence  of  the  Chippawa  River  with  the  Niagara, 
above  the  Falls,  50  miles  S.S.E.  of  Toronto.  It  contains  a 
distillery,  2  tanneries,  a  woollen-factory,  sash-  and  door- 
factory,  grist-,  shingle-,  and  saw-mills,  and  stores.  Chip- 
pawa was  the  scene  of  a  victory  gained  July  4,  1814,  by 
the  Americans,  1900  in  number,  commanded  by  General 
Brown,  over  the  British,  2100  strong.  It  is  on  the  Canada 
Southern  Railway.     Pop.  922. 

Chippenham,  chip'niim,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Wilts,  on  the  Avon,  22  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Bristol.  It  has 
a  spacious  church,  partly  built  in  the  twelfth  century,  a 
free  school  and  other  charities,  a  workhouse,  and  a  literary 
institution.     Pop.  3936. 

Chip'pewa,  originally  OjibAVay,  or  Ojibbewa,  a 
river  of  Wisconsin,  rises  by  several  branches  in  the  N.  part 
of  the  state,  and  runs  southward  through  Chippewa  co.,  in 
which  it  receives  a  number  of  considerable  afiluents  from 
the  east  or  left  hand.  Below  Chippewa  Falls  it  flows  south- 
westw.ard,  traverses  Eau  Claire  and  Dunn  cos.,  and  enters 
the  Mississippi  River  at  the  S.E.  end  of  Lake  Pepin,  about  4 
miles  above  Wabasha.  Its  length  is  estimated  at  300  miles. 
It  traverses  extensive  pine  forests,  from  which  much  lumber 
is  exported.     Its  largest  affluent  is  the  Menomonee. 

Chip'peAva,  a  county  of  Michigan,  is  the  most  eastern 
part  of  the  Upper  Peninsula.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by 
Lake  Superior  and '  Tequamenon  Bay,  on  the  E.  by  St. 
Mary  River,  and  on  the  S.E.  by  Lake  Huron.  The  surface 
is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  sugar-maple,  Ao. 
Silurian  limestone  and  sandstone  underlie  this  county.    It 


cm 


884 


CHI 


U  ioteraeoted  by  the  Duluth,  South  Shoro  <t  Atlantic  and 
th«  Minnettpolii.St.  Paul  A  SaultSte.  Miirie  Kitilronds,  both 
of  which  enter  Sault  Sle.  Mario,  the  cniiital  of  tlie  county. 
Pop.  in  1870,  1689;  in  1880,  6248;  in  1890,  12,019. 

Chippewa^  a  county  in  the  S.W.  ct-ntral  part  of  Min- 
QMOta,  baa  an  area  of  about  600  square  inilos.  It  ii 
bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Minuesotii  Hirer,  and  is  in- 
toraeoted  by  the  Cbippovra  River.  The  surfiico  is  umiu- 
lating  or  nearly  level;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats, 
bay,  &o.,  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Montevideo. 
Pop.  in  1870,  1407;  in  1880,  6408;  in  1890,  8656. 

Chippewa,  a  large  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Wis- 
consin, is  iutorsected  by  the  Cbip))owa  River,  and  also 
drained  by  many  of  its  aflSucnts,  among  which  are  the 
Flambeau,  Jump,  Tbornapple,  and  Yellow  Rivers.  Area, 
4100  square  miles.  The  surface  is  mostly  covered  with 
forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  Lumber  is  the  chief 
article  of  export.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile,  and  produces 
wheat,  oots,  Ac.  Four  lines  of  railroad  traverse  the  county, 
8  of  them  communicating  with  Chippewa  Falls,  the  capi- 
tal.    Pop.  in  1870,  8311  ;  in  1880,  16,491;  in  1890,  25,1-1.3. 

Chippewa,  a  township  of  Mecosta co.,  Mich.     Pop.  291. 

Chippewa,  Osceola oo.,  Mich.    See  Chippewa  Station. 

Chippewa,  a  township  of  Douglas  co.,  Minn.  Pop. 
242.     It  contains  Brandon. 

Chippewa,  a  township  of  'Wayne  co.,  0.  Pop.  2610. 
It  contains  Doylostown  and  a  part  of  Marshallville. 

Chippewa,  a  township  of  Beaver  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  817. 

Chippewa,  Ashland  co.,  Wis.   See  Chippewa  Ckossing. 

Chippewa,  or  Wel'Iand,  a  river  of  Ontario,  flows  E. 
and  joins  the  Niagara  shortly  above  Niagara  Falls.  In  its 
course  it  forms  part  of  the  Welland  Canal.  It  is  deep,  and 
is  SOO  feet  wide  at  its  mouth.     Length,  60  miles. 

Chippewa  Bay,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y., 
OB  the  St.  Lawrence  River,  3i  miles  from  Hammond 
Station. 

ChippeAva  City,  a  post-office  of  Chippewa  co.,  Wis., 
on  the  Chippewa  River,  aoout  72  miles  E.  of  Hudson. 

Chippewa  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  in  Medina  co.,  runs 
southeastward,  and  enters  the  Tuscarawas  River  about  4 
miles  above  Canal  Fulton. 

Chippewa  Fails,  a  township  of  Pope  co.,  Minn.,  25 
miles  N.  of  Benson.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Chippewa  Falls,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Chippewa 
CO.,  Wig.,  is  on  the  Chippewa  River,  12  miles  by  rail  N.E. 
of  Eau  Claire,  about  90  miles  E.  of  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  and 
90  miles  N.  of  La  Crosse.  The  river  here  affords  water- 
power,  which  is  employed  in  a  number  of  saw-mills  and 
flour-mills.  Lumber  is  the  chief  article  of  export.  This 
town  has  3  banks,  10  churches,  public  schools,  an  elevator, 
a  furniture-factory,  a  large  brewery,  a  planing-mill,  a  sash- 
and  door-factory,  a  machine-shop,  and  a  saw-mill  which  is 
said  to  be  the  largest  in  the  United  States,  together  with 
other  smaller  factories.  One  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.  It  has  great  railroad  facilities.  Pop. 
in  1890,  8670. 

Chippewa  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Mecosta  co.,  Mich. 

Chippewa  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Medina  co.,  0., 
near  a  small  lake,  on  the  Cleveland,  Tuscarawas  Valley  <fc 
Wheeling  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Medina.    It  has  a  church. 

Chippewa  River,  Michigan,  drains  part  of  Mecosta 
CO.,  runs  eastward  through  Isabella  co.,  and  enters  the  Pine 
River  in  Midland  co.,  about  4  miles  W.  of  Midland  City. 
It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Chippewa  River,  Minnesota,  issues  from  several  little 
lakes  near  the  line  between  Douglas  and  Grant  cos.,  runs 
southward,  traverses  the  fertile  prairies  of  Pope  and  Swift 
COS.,  and  enters  the  Minnesota  River  at  Montevideo,  in 
Chippewa  co.     It  is  about  120  miles  long. 

Chippewa  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Osceola  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Flint  &  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  8  miles  E. 
of  Evart.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Chippewa  Station,  the  former  name  of  Brandon, 
Douglas  CO.,  Minn. 

Chip'peway  or  Chippewa  Indians,  written  also 
Ojibway,  Otchipwc,  and  Ojibbeway,  a  numerous 
tribe,  formerly  inhabiting  Wisconsin,  but  now  removed  to 
the  N.  part  of  Minnesota  and  various  districts  of  Canada. 

Chip^pewy'an  Fort,  a  trading-post  of  the  Hudson's 
Bay  Company,  at  the  W.  end  of  Lake  Athabasca.  Lat.  68° 
40'  N. ;  Ion.  111°  20'  W. 

Chippcwyan  Mountains.    See  Rockv  Mountains. 

Chip'ping-Nor'ton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  25 
miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Oxford.  It  consists  of  one  large 
street,  with  a  fine  Gothic  church,  a  free  grammar-school,  and 
an  almiihouse.     Pop.  3430. 

Chip'piug'On'gar,  a  town  of  England,  in  Essex,  on 


the  Roding,  about  20  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  London.    It  hoi 
a  market-house  and  a  union  workhouse. 

Chip'pinK-Sod'bury,  a  town  of  England,  co.of  Qlou. 
coster,  26  miles  S.>S.W.  of  (jlouccster.     Pop.  of  i)iiri^li,  II57, 

ChippinK-Wyc'ombe,  or  High  Wycombe,  a 
borough  of  England,  co.  of  Buckingham,  30  milcK  by  ra\\ 
W.N.W.  of  London,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Thames.  The 
church  is  a  large,  venerable,  and  handsome  structure.  Q'he 
principal  manufactures  are  of  chairs  and  paper.     Pop.  6382. 

Chipwnn'ic,  a  creek  of  Fulton  co.,  Ind.,  flows  into 
Tippecanoe  River. 

Chiques,  Penni>ylvania.     See  Ciiickiks. 

Chiqiiiniula  de  la  Sierra,  che-kcc-moo'l^  (14  \i 
se-iR'ni,  a  town  of  Central  America,  state  and  85  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Guatemala,  capital  of  a  department,  with  a  large 
church,  and  a  fountain  in  the  principal  square.  Pop.  GOUii, 
It  is  a  place  of  active  trade. 

Chiquiniula  Isthmus,  of  Central  America,  is  in  Ion. 
89°  W.,  comprehending  about  70  miles  of  coast,  on  tlio 
Caribbean  Sea,  between  the  mouth  of  the  Motagua  and  tha 
innermost  corner  of  the  Bay  of  Honduras.  The  dlFtanve 
across  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific  Ocean  is  here  150 
miles.     Greatest  elevation  of  the  land,  2000  feet. 

Chiquitos,  che-kce'toce,  a  territory  of  Bolivia,  depart- 
ment of  Santa  Cruz,  between  lat.  16°  and  17°  S.,  and  fonu- 
ing  the  middle  part  of  the  great  longitudinal  ])luin  which 
extends  N.  and  S.  of  the  eastern  base  of  the  Andes. 

Chira,  a  town  of  Toorkistan.    See  Cheeua. 

Chirac,  sheeV&k',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loz5rc,  on  the 
Rioulong,  11  miles  W.  of  Mende.     Pop.  1793. 

Chiraz,  a  city  of  Persia.    See  Sheeraz. 

Chircari,chlr-ki'ree,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  in  Bundel 
cund,  73  miles  E.  of  Jhansee. 

Chireno,  she-ri'no,  a  post-village  of  Nacogdoches  cu., 
Tex.,  66  miles  S.E.  of  Jacksonville.  It  has  a  church,  an 
academy,  and  4  stores. 

Chirens,  shee'r6Ko',  a  town  of  France,  in  Is^re,  18 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Grenoble.     Pop.  1711. 

Chir^gong',  a  town  of  Hindostan,  in  Bundclcund,  16 
miles  N.E.  of  Jhansee. 

Chiriqui,  chc-re-kee',  a  river,  lagoon,  and  archipelngo 
of  the  department  of  Panama,  in  the  republic  of  Colouibin. 
The  river,  after  a  northward  course,  enters  the  lagoon,  which 
is  separated  from  the  Caribbean  Sea  by  the  Chiriqui  Archi- 
pelago. Lat.  90°  N. :  Ion.  82°  30'  W.  The  Chirifiui  lagoon 
IS  a  spacious  bay  with  three  entrances  and  capable  of  con- 
taining ships  of  the  largest  class.  It  extends  along  the 
coast  about  90  miles,  and  from  40  to  50  miles  inland. 

Chirk,  a  village  of  Wales,  co.  of  Denbigh,  5  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Ruabon,  with  coal-mines  and  lime-works.  It  is 
celebrated  for  the  beauty  of  its  scenery.  Chirk  Castle,  the 
ancient  mansion  of  the  Myddleton  family,  is  said  to  com- 
mand views  into  17  counties.  North  of  the  village  the  Dee 
is  crossed  by  Telfer's  aqueduct  for  the  El Icsmorc  Canal, — an 
iron  trough  710  feet  in  length,  supported  on  10  arches,  rais. 
ing  it  70  feet  above  the  river.     Pop.  of  parish,  1919. 

Chirripo,  checR-nee'po,  a  volcano  and  river  of  Costa 
Rica.  The  former  is  about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Cartago;  and 
from  its  N.  flank  the  river  flows  to  join  the  Barbilla  ana 
form  the  Matina  River. 

Chirvan,  a  former  province  of  Russia.    See  Shirvan, 

Chisago,  chee'sa-go',  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Jlin- 
nei  ta,  has  an  area  of  about  440  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  St.  Croix  River,  which  separates  it  from 
Wisconsin.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  several  small 
lakes,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  {)ine  and 
other  trees.  The  soil  produces  wheat,  oats,  grass,  &c.  This 
county  is  intersected  from  N.  to  S.  by  the  St.  Paul  <t  Du- 
luth Railroad.  Capital,  Centre  City.  Pop.  in  1870,  4358; 
in  1875,  6046;  in  1880,  79S2;  in  1890,  10,359. 

Chisago  City,  a  post-village  in  Chisago  Lake  town- 
ship, Chisago  CO.,  Minn.,  is  on  a  beautiful  lake,  named  Chi- 
sago, 5  miles  by  rail  from  Wyoming,  and  32  miles  N.N.E, 
of  St.  Paul.  It  has  a  church,  manufactures  of  barrels  and 
Staves,  general  stores,  <tc.  Pop.  about  100 ;  of  the  town- 
ship in  1890,  1561. 

Chisago  Lake,  a  township  of  Chisago  00.,  Minn.,  con- 
tains Chisago  City  and  Centre  City,  on  a  lake  of  the  same 
name,  40  miles  N.E.  of  Minneapolis.     Pop.  1119. 

Chiselhurst,  chiz'?l-hurst,  a  parish  of  England,  in 
Kent,  11  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  London.     Pop.  3313. 

Chis'enhall's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co,,  Ala. 

Chism'villc,  a  post-hamlet  of  Logan  co.,  Ark.,  about 
24  miles  S.  of  Ozark. 

Chiso,  a  river  of  Italy.    See  Chiesk. 

Chisusti,  che-soos'te,  a  town  of  the  Mooltan  divisioa, 
Punjab,  British  India.     Pop.  11.477. 


cm 


S85 


OfiU 


i;his'well's  Islands,  a  group  of  desert  isles,  near  the 
cat  of  Alaska.  Lat.  59°  30'  N.;  Ion.  149°  2'  W. 
Chiswick,  cUiz'ik,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Middlesex, 
ffthe  Thames,  7i  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  St.  Paul's,  Lon- 
tL  Here  is  Chiswick  House,  a  villa  of  the  Duke  of  Dev- 
(Ihire,  and  the  parish  contains  the  gardens  of  the  horti- 
c'tural  society.     Pop.  8508. 

Cliitaunif  che-tow'nce,  a  town  of  India,  district  and 
;  miles  N.  of  Boglipoor.     Pop.  5875. 

hiti)  kce'teo  (anc.  Cit'ium),  a  village  of  Cyprus,  on  its 
[coast,  near  Cnpe  Chiti,  and  3  miles  S.AV.  of  Larnica. 
hit'ore',  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the  rajahship 
70  miles  N.E.  of  Odeypoor. 

hitral,  Tschitral,chitva,r,  or  Little  Cash^gar', 
lountry  of  Asia,  consisting  of  the  Kooner  valley,  on  the  S. 
ipe  of  the  Hindoo-Koosh,  lying  between  lat.  35°  45'  and 
|o25'  N.,Ion.  71°  20' and  73°  10'  E.  Length,  100  miles; 
adth,  from  15  to  20  miles. 
'Chitral,  a  town  of  the  above,  in  lat.  36°  11'  N.,  Ion. 
0  59'  E.     Pop.  between  3000  and  4000,  mostly  Moham- 

ans,  with  some  Hindoos. 
ChitHagong'  (native,  Chattagram),  or  IsMamabad', 
own  of  India,  capital  of  the  district  and  division,  on  the 
urnafoolee  River.  Lat.  22°  20'  55"  N.;  Ion.  91°  52'  35" 
Largo  ships  can  ascend  to  the  town,  which  is  the  seat 
great  commercial  enterprise,  though  a  straggling  place, 
vering  a  large  area,  and  one  of  the  sickliest  places  in  Asia, 
tp.  20,004. 

Chittagong,  a  division  or  commissionership  in  Ben- 
kl,  comprising  the  districts  of  Chittagong,  Noakhally,  and 
(ippcrah,  also  the  Chittagong  Hill  tracts  and  Hill  Tip- 
erah.  Area,  17,459  square  miles.  Pop.  3,512,663.  Chit- 
LciOSG  DISTRICT  is  bounded  W.  by  the  Bay  of  Bengal  and 
I.  by  Northern  Aracan.  Lat.  20°  45'-22°  59'  N. ;  Ion.  91° 
0'-92''  23'  E.  Area,  2498  square  miles.  It  is  generally 
bw  and  level.  Chief  products,  rice  and  cotton.  Capital, 
thittagong.     Pop.  1,127,402. 

I  Chittagong  Hill  Tracts,  a  region  or  district  in  the 
iJhittagong  division  of  Bengal,  bounded  E.  and  S.  by  British 
iJurmah.  Lat.  21°  13'-23°  47'  N.;  Ion.  91°  46'-92°  49'  E. 
jVrea,  6882  square  miles.  It  is  a  wild  and  rough  jungle 
j-egion,  where  elephants  and  tigers  abound.  The  people 
^re  largely  of  uncivilized  hill  tribes,  governed  by  native 
fthiofa  under  British  direction.  Cotton,  corn,  rice,  tea,  to- 
raacco,  and  wood  oil  are  among  the  products.  Pop.  69,607. 
f  Chittai,  ohit'ti\  one  of  the  Laccadive  Islands,  in  the 
Indian  Ocean,  155  miles  S.W.  from  Mangalore.  Lat.  11° 
.'40'  N. ;  Ion.  72°  42'  E. 

Chit^tapet',  a  town,  and  formerly  an  important  fort- 
Wss,  of  British  India,  75  miles  S.W.  of  Madras.  It  was 
[once  capital  of  the  principality  of  Odeypoor,  and  celebrated 
'for  its  strength  and  riches. 

I  ChitUeldroog',  or  Chitradurg,  chit^ra-doorg',  a 
'town  of  India,  capital  of  a  district  of  the  same  name,  128 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Seringapatam,  with  a  strong  fortress. 
;Pop.  5812. 

i  Chitteldroog,adistrict  of  the  Mysore  province,  British 
(India.  Area,  4471  square  miles.  Capital,  Chitteldroog. 
Pop.  531,360. 

1  Chil^tenan'go,  a  post- village  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
i  Chittenango  Creek,  and  near  the  New  York  Central  Rail- 
I  road  and  the  Erie  Canal,  2  miles  S.  of  Chittenango  Sta- 
'  tion,  and  14  miles  E.  of  Syracuse.  It  contains  5  churches, 
i  a  bank,  an  academy  or  polytechnic  institute,  a  foundry,  a 
\  paper-mill,  a  cider-  and  vinegar-factory,  and  a  cotton- 
'  factory.  A  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.  Pop.  792. 
j  Chittenango  Springs,  2  miles  S.  of  the  village,  have  very 
j  useful  saline  sulphur  waters,  and  are  much  visited. 
'  Chittenango  Creek,  New  York,  rises  in  Madison 
i  CO.,  runs  in  a  N.N.W.  direction,  forms  part  of  the  boundary 
I  between  Madison  and  Onondaga  cos.,  and  enters  Oneida 
Lake  about  12  miles  N.E.  of  Syracuse. 

Chittenango  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co., 
N.Y.,  on  Chittenango  Creek,  and  on  the  Cazenovia,  Canas- 
tota  k  De  Ruyter  Railroad,  about  18  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Syracuse.  It  has  a  church  and  a  paper-mill.  The  creek 
here  falls  about  160  feet. 

Chittenango  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co., 
N.Y.,  14  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Syracuse,  and  2  miles  from 
Chittenango  Village.  It  has  a  church  and  a  cider-  and 
vinegar-factory.     Pop.  150. 

Chittenden,  chit't^n-d^n,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part 
of  Vermont,  has  an  arija  of  about  520  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  Lake  Champlain,  and  is  intersected 
by  the  Lamoille  and  Winooski  Rivers,  which  afford  abun- 
dant water-power.  Mount  Mansfield  stands  on  the  E.  bor- 
der of  this  county,  the  surface  of  which  is  diversified  with 


beautiful  scenery.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile,  and  adnpted 
to  pasturage  and  dairies.  Butter,  cheese,  hay,  lumber,  outs, 
potatoes,  and  maple  sugar  are  the  staple  products.  Among 
its  mineral  resources  are  gneiss,  Silurian  limestone,  and  slate, 
and  a  beautiful  variegated  marble  called  Winooski  marble, 
the  prevailing  color  of  which  is  red.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  several  branches  of  tbe  Central  Vermont  Railroad. 
Capital,  Burlington.  Pop.  in  1870,  36,480 ;  in  1880,  32,792 ; 
in  1890,  35,389. 

Chittenden,  a  post-township  of  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  about 
8  miles  N.  of  Rutland.  It  has  3  churches  and  several  saw- 
mills.    Pop.  802. 

Chittenden's  Falls,  a  village  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Stockport  township.     It  has  manufactures  of  paper. 

Chitto  Bayou.    See  Bogue  Chitto. 

Chittoor,  or  Chittur,  chit'toor',  a  town  of  British 
India,  80  miles  W.  of  Madras,  capital  of  North  Arcot. 

Chittoor,  or  Chittur,  a  district  of  India,  in  the  state 
of  Cochin.     Area,  285  square  miles.     Pop.  65,952. 

Chit'tra,  or  Chat'ra,  a  town  of  India,  district  and 
36  miles  W.N.W.  of  Hazarybaugh,  It  has  a  great  yearly 
cattle  fair  and  a  large  trade.     Pop.  8818. 

Chi-Tsien,  a  city  of  China.    See  Shee-Tsien. 

Chiuro,  ke-oo'ro,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  7 
miles  E.  of  Sondrio,  on  the  Adda.  Pop.  1591.  The  plague 
of  1629-30  first  broke  out  here. 

Chiusa,  or  La  Chinsa,  li  ke-oo'8&,  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  Piedmont,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Coni,  on  the  Pesio.  Pop. 
6330.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  manufactories  of  silk 
fabrics  and  glass-wares. 

Chiusa,  or  La  Chiusa,  a  village  of  Italy,  18  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Turin,  on  the  Dora  Ripaira.  It  is  the  place  of 
sepulture  for  the  royal  family.     Pop.  1086. 

Chiusa,  or  La  Chiusa,  a  town  of  Sicily,  intendancy 
and  30  miles  S.S.W.  of  Palermo.     Pop.  6968. 

Chiusa,  or  La  Chiusa,  a  defile  of  Northern  Italy, 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Verona,  througli  which  pass  the  Adige 
River  and  a  great  route  between  Italy  and  the  Tyrol. 

Chiusano,  ke-oo-sd'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  16  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Avellino.     Pop.  2448. 

Chiusi,  ke-oo'sce  (anc.  Clu'ainm),  a  city  of  Italy,  in 
Tuscany,  province  and  56  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Sienna. 
Pop.  4660.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  highly  interesting 
museums  of  Etruscan  antiquities,  with  a  cathedral  and 
several  convents ;  near  it  are  many  sepulchral  remains  of 
Clusium,  one  of  the  twelve  ancient  capitals  of  Etruria. 

Chiusi,  Lake  of,  in  Italy,  1  mile  E.  of  the  above 
city,  forms  a  portion  of  the  Tuscan  frontier  on  the  east.  It 
is  4  miles  in  length  from  N.  to  S.,  by  1  mile  in  breadth, 
and  traversed  by  the  Tuscan  Chiana.     Its  banks  are  marshy. 

Chiva,  chee'vA,  an  ancient  town  of  Spain,  18  miles  W. 
of  Valencia.     Pop.  3954. 

Chivasso,  ke-vis'so,  a  walled  city  of  Italy,  Piedmont, 
at  a  railway  junction,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Turin,  on  the  Po. 
It  has  a  handsome  church,  5  convents,  and  the  remains 
of  the  castles  of  the  Counts  of  Moutt'errat.     Pop.  9062. 

Chivilcoy,  chee-veel-ko'e,  a  town  of  the  Argentine 
Republic,  115  miles  W.  of  Buenos  Ayres.     Pop.  6863. 

Chiv'ington,  a  post-village  of  Kiowa  co..  Col.,  14  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Sheridan  Lake.     It  has  a  newspaper-ofiice. 

Chiz'wa,  a  town  of  India,  North-West  Provinces,  in 
Allahabad  district.     Pop.  5791. 

Chlumetz,  or  Chlumecz,  Kloo'mSts,  a  town  of  Bo- 
hemia, on  the  Zydlina,  46  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Prague. 
It  has  manufactures  of  cotton  goods ;  and  in  its  vicinity  are 
mineral  springs.  Pop.  3276.  Near  this  town  the  Austriang 
were  defeated  by  the  Prussians,  July  3,  1866. 

Chinielnik,  Chmjelnik,  or  Khmielnik,  Kme- 
fil'nik,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Podolia,  93  miles  N.E.  of 
Kamieniec.     Pop.  7787. 

Chmielnik,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  19  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Kielce.     Pop.  5181. 

Choaspes,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Kerah. 

Chobando,  cho-bin'do,  or  Sebando,  se-bln'do,  a 
town  of  Thibet,  230  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lassa.  Lat.  30°  17' 
N. ;  Ion.  95°  40'  E.     Here  are  two  Booddhist  convents. 

Chobda,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Kedje. 

Chobe,  a  river  of  Africa.     See  N'gami. 

Choc  or  Choque  (shok)  Bay,  West  Indies,  on  the 
N.W.  coast  of  St.  Lucia,  one  of  the  Windward  Islands. 

Choc'coloc'co,  a  post-village  of  Calhoun  co.,  Ala.,  7 
miles  by  rail  from  O.xford.  It  has  3  churches,  academies, 
and  manufactures  of  brick.     Pop.  400. 

Choccolocco  Creek,  Alabama,  drains  part  of  Cal- 
houn  CO.,  runs  southwestward,  and  enters  the  Coosa  River 
about  10  miles  N.W.  of  Talladega. 

Chocholna,  Ko-Kol'ni,  a  village  of  Hungary,  38  milai 


CMO 


886 


CHO 


N.B.  of  Trenteobln,  on  the  Woag.    It  ha«  mineral  «prlng8. 
Pop.  860. 

Choco,  oho'ko,  a  large  bay  on  the  W.  ooast  of  the 
United  States  of  Colombia,  extending  trom  Point  Chlram- 
bira  on  the  N.  to  Point  Guascama  on  the  S. 

ChocO)  a  bay,  forming  the  southernmost  part  of  the 
Gulf  of  Daricn.    The  Atrato  falls  into  it. 

Choco,  a  province  of  the  state  of  Oanoa,  United  States 
of  Colombia,  on  the  Pacific  coast. 

Choco'lny,  a  township  of  Marquette  cc,  Mich.,  on 
Lake  Superior.     Pop.  456.     It  contains  Harvey. 

Chu'conut,  a  pout-township  of  Susauehanna  co.,  Pa., 
about  12  miles  S.W.  of  Binghamton,  N.Y.     Pop.  939. 

Clioconut  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y., 
3i  miles  N.W.  of  Binghamton.     It  has  a  church. 

Chocor'ua,  a  post-village  of  Curroll  co.,  N.H.,  near 
Chocorua  Mountain,  4  miles  N.  of  West  Ossipee.  It  has  a 
oharoh. 

Chocorna  Mountain,  New  Hampshire,  is  in  Albany 
township,  Carroll  co.  Its  altitude  is  .^540  foct  above  the 
8ea-lovel.  It  has  a  sharp  peak,  and  is  said  to  bo  "the  most 
picturesque  and  beautiful  of  the  mountains  of  New  England." 

Choco'ville,  a  post-office  of  Sebastian  co.,  Ark. 

Choc'owin'ity,  a  post-township  of  Beaufort  co.,  N.C., 
80  miles  from  New-Berne.  It  has  5  churches.  It  exports 
cotton,  turpentine,  shingles,  <tc.     Pop.  1630. 

Choc'taw,  a  county  in  the  "W.  part  of  Alabama,  bor- 
dering on  Mississippi,  has  an  area  of  about  850  square  niilof. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Tombigbee  River.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests,  in  which  the  pine  abounds ;  the  soil  is  partly  fertile. 
Cotton,  Indian  com,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Cap- 
ital, Butler.  Pop.  in  1S70,  12,676  j  in  1880,  16,731;  in 
1890,  17,526. 

Choctaw,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  Missis- 
sippi, has  an  area  of  about  530  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  Big  Black  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  mostly 
covered  with  forests  of  cypress,  gum,  oak,  hickory,  yellow 
pine,  and  other  trees;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian 
corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Chester. 
Pop.  in  1870,  16,988;  in  1880,  9036;  in  1890,  10,847. 

Choctaw,  a  station  in  Fannin  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Texas 
&  Pacific  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of  Sherman. 

Choctaw  Agency,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oktibbeha  co.. 
Miss.,  about  24  miles  W.S.W.  of  Columbus.    It  has  a  church. 

ChoctaAV  City,  a  post-town  of  Oklahoma  co.,  Okla- 
homa, 16  miles  E.  of  Oklahoma  city.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  common  school.     Pop.  200. 

Choctaw  Corner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarke  co.,  Ala., 
about  65  miles  S.W.  of  Selma.     It  has  2  churches, 

ChocHawhatch'ee  River  rises  in  Barbour  co.,  Ala., 
and  flows  south  westward  to  Holmes  co.  in  Florida.  It 
runs  southward  through  Florida,  and  enters  the  east  end 
of  Choctawhatehee  Bay,  which  is  an  inlet  of  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico.     The  river  is  about  180  miles  long. 

Choctaw  Indians,  a  tribe  formerly  inhabiting  the 
middle  portions  of  Mississippi,  on  both  sides  of  the  Yazoo 
River,  but  now  settled  in  the  Indian  Territory,  along  the 
Bouthern  banks  of  the  Arkansas  River.  They  have  made 
advancement  in  the  arts  of  civilization,  have  good  farms, 
are  skilled  in  the  mechanic  arts,  and  are  governed  by  a 
written  constitution  and  laws.  Few  tribes  have  been  more 
benefited  by  the  labors  of  the  missionary. 

Choczim,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Chottn. 

Chodziesen,  Kot^see'z^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province 
of  Posen,  47  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bromberg.     Pop.  3092. 

Choestoe,  cho'sto,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  Ga. 

Chog'dah,  Chagdah,  ch&g'dS,,  or  Chakdaha, 
ch4k'da-ha,  a  town  of  Bengal,  on  the  Hoogly  River,  30 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Calcutta.  It  has  a  great  jute-market, 
and  is  a  sacred  place  for  bathing. 

ChoisenI,  sbw^'zul',  an  island  in  the  Pacific,  one  of  the 
Solomon  group,  E.  point  in  lat.  7°  29'  S.,  Ion.  157°  55'  E. 

Choiseul,  shwd'zul',  a  harbor  of  Madagascar,  on  the  E. 
eoast  of  the  island,  in  the  Bay  of  Anton gil. 

Choisy-en-Ilrie,  shw8,'zee'-6.v-bree,  a  town  of 
France,  in  Seine-et-Marne,  6  miles  E.S.E.  of  Coulommiers. 
Pop.  1330. 

Choisy-sur-Seine,  shwi'zee'-sUn-sin,  or  Choisy- 
le-Koi,  8hwi'zee'-l?h-rw4,  a  town  of  France,  on  the 
Seine,  6  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Paris.  Pop.  6819.  It  has 
■extensive  manufactures  of  glass-wares,  porcelain,  soap, 
morocco  leather,  and  chemical  products. 

Chokier,  sho'ke-i',  a  village  of  Belgium,  6  miles  S.W. 
of  Liege,  with  extensive  lime-works.     Pop.  651. 

Cholame,  cho-l&'me,  a  post-office  of  San  Luis  Obispo 
CO.,  Cal.   . 


Choleechel,  cho-l&-chSr,  or  Chnelechucl,  ohwi.ii. 
chwfil',  a  considerable  island  of  the  Argentine  Ilopublia 
formed  by  the  Rio  Negro,  220  miles  N.W.  of  Carmen. 

Cholen,  or  Cho-Lon,  shoMfix"',  a  town  of  Frci 
Cochin  China,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Saigon.  It  is  a  ninri 
rice,  and  has  an  export  trade.    Pop.  15,000,  largely  Chin. 

Cholet,  or  Chollet,  shoMi',  a  town  of  France, 
Maine-et-Loire,  on  the  Moine,  37  miles  S.W.  of  Angi 
It  is  well  built,  and  has  manufactures  of  fine  woollen  auj 
mixed  cloths,  batiste,  cotton  yarn,  Ac,  cloth-markets,  anil  j 
a  brisk  trade  in  cattle.     Pop.  12,335. 

Choim,  a  town  of  Poland.     See  Chei-m. 

Cholm,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Khokm. 

Cholmondcley,  chflm'lee,  a  township  of  England,  co.  ' 
of  Chester,  parish  of  Malpas,  7  miles  AV.  of  Nantwich, 

ChoMook',  the  aboriginal  name  of  the  Yoskmitk  Falls. 

Cholnla,  cho-loo'lJl,  an  Indian  town  of  Mexico,  stata 
and  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Pueblo,  is  situated  on  the  table- 
land of  Anahuac.  Elevation,  6912  feet.  Close  to  the  town 
is  a  dilapidated  pyramid  of  clay  and  brick,  erected  by  the 
ancient  Mexicans,  177  feet  in  height,  measuring  1440  feet 
on  each  side  at  its  base,  ascended  by  120  steps,  and  sur- 
mounted by  a  chapel  erected  by  the  Spaniards.  Cortes,  ia 
the  sixteenth  century,  recorded  that  Cholula  (ano.  Churul- 
tecal)  then  contained  20,000  houses,  besides  as  many  in  th« 
suburbs,  and  more  than  400  towers  of  temples.     Pop.  6000. 

Chomferac,  shoMniVlk',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  ArdSche,  3i  miles  S.E.  of  Privas.     Pop.  2454. 

Chomow,  the  Bohemian  for  TABon. 

Chongollape,  chon-gol-yi'pA,  a  town  of  Peru,  provinct 
and  60  miles  inland  from  Chiclayo.     Pop.  2000, 

Chong^-Ping',  or  Chang-Ping,  a  large  town  of 
China,  province  of  Fo-Kien,  120  miles  S.W.  of  Foo-Choo. 

Chonos,  or  Khonos,  Ko^nos'  (anc.  Coloa'nie,  after- 
wards Cho'nm),  a  village  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  60  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Ala-Shehr. 

Chonos  (cho'noce)  Archipelago,  an  island  group  of 
Chili,  off  the  W.  coast  of  Patagonia,  mostly  between  Int.  44' 
and  46°  S.  and  Ion.  74°  and  75°  W.  Some  of  the  islanJi 
are  large,  but  all  except  a  few  outlying  ones  are  bare  and 
scantily  inhabited. 

Choo,  a  Chinese  prefix.     See  Cheoo, 

ChooMan'gah,  or  Chuadanga,  choo'a-d&n'ga,  • 
town  of  Bengal,  Nuddea  district,  75  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of 
Calcutta, 

Chooi,  Chui,  Tchoiii,  Tchui,or  Tchny,  choo'ce, 
written  also  Tschu,  choo,  a  river  of  Asiatic  Russia,  issues 
from  Lake  Issyk-Kool,  near  the  W.  frontiers  of  the  Chinese 
Empire,  about  lat.  42°  30'  N.,  Ion.  76°  E.,  flows  circuitously 
W.N.AV.  through  the  country  of  Kirgheez,  and,  after  a  course 
of  from  600  to  700  miles,  empties  itself  into  marshes  and 
sands,  about  45°  20'  N.,  Ion.  67°  30'  E.  It  receives  several 
large  aflluents.  In  spring  its  current  is  very  impetuous,  and 
in  the  end  of  autumn  broad  and  saltish  lakes  are  formed  by 
its  outflow ;  but  its  waters  do  not  reach  the  sea. 

Choo-Kiang.     See  Castox  River,  also  Hong-Kiano. 

Choolim,  Tchoolim,  Tchonlim,  or  Tschnlim, 
choo-lim',  a  river  of  Siberia,  governments  of  Yeniseisk 
and  Tomsk,  joins  the  Obi  100  miles  N.W.  of  Tomsk,  after 
a  N.W.  course  of  500  miles. 

Choomp-Hoon,  choomp*-hoon',  a  town  of  Siam,  on  a 
river,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Gulf  of  Siam.  Lat.  11°  N,; 
Ion.  99°  30'  E.     Pop.  8000.     Here  is  a  military  fort. 

Choon'ga,  a  village  of  Sinde,  E.  of  the  Indus,  40  mile« 
E.  of  Shikarpoor. 

Choong  KooS,  or  Choong  Kweh.    See  Chika, 

Choonka,  a  village  of  Sinde.     See  Choosga. 

ChooVoo',  a  town  of  Hindostan,  in  Rajpootana,  do- 
minions and  100  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bickaneer.  Exclusive  of 
suburbs,  it  is  about  li  miles  in  circumference,  and  hand- 
somely built  of  white  limestone. 

Chooroom,  Churnm,  or  Tschurnm,  choo'room', 
written  also  Tchorum,  and  Chorum,  a  town  of  Asia 
Minor,  pashalie  of  Seevas,  28  miles  S.W.  of  Osmanjik.  Pop. 
about  7600,  mostly  Mohammedans.  It  has  a  castle,  U 
mosques,  manufactures  of  earthenware,  leather,  Ac. 

Choo-Yung,  or  Tchou-Ynng,  choo-yiing',  a  citj 
of  China,  province  and  75  miles  W.  of  Yun-Nan. 

Choper,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Khoper. 

Chopersk,  Novo  (or  New).    See  Novo-Khopeksk. 

Cho'prah,  a  town  of  the  Candeish  district,  Britist 
India,  150  miles  E.  of  Surat.     Pop.  12,262. 

Chop'tank,  a  post-village  of  Caroline  co.,  Md.,  14  milei 
S.  of  Denton.  It  has  2  churches,  a  canning-factory,  « 
shirt  factory,  Ac.     Pop.  125, 

Choptank  River  rises  in  Kent  co.,  Del,,  and  run! 
1  fouthwestward  through  Caroline  co.,  Md.    It  forms  th« 


CHO 


887 


CHR 


boundary  between  Dorchester  and  Talbot  cos.,  and  enters 
Chesapeake  Bay  through  a  wide  estuary  which  is  nearly  20 
miles  long.     It  is  navigable  by  sloops  for  45  miles. 

Cheque  Bay,  in  the  West  Indies.    See  Choc  Bay. 

Chora,  a  town  of  Samoa.    See  Coua. 

Chorasmia.    See  Kharasm  and  Khiva. 

Chorassan,  a  province  of  Persia.    See  Khorassan. 

Chorges,  shoRzh,  a  town  of  France,  in  Hautes-Alpes, 
9  miles  E.  of  Gap.  This  was  the  Eoman  Caturi(jse,  capital 
of  the  Caturige*.     Pop.  1795. 

Chorgoon,  Tchorgoun,  or  Tschorgiiii,  chor- 
goon',  a  locality  of  Russia,  in  the  Crimea,  on  the  Chernaya, 
E.  of  Sevastopol. 

Chorillos,  cho-reel'yoce,  a  village  and  watering-place 
of  Peru,  9  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Lima.  It  is  much  resorted  to 
by  the  inhabitants  of  Lima  for  sea-bathing.  Around  it  are 
many  remains  of  ancient  edifices. 

Chorley,  chor'lee,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster, 
on  the  Chor,  near  the  Yarrow,  and  on  the  Leeds  &  liiver- 
pool  Canal,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Preston,  with  which  it  com- 
municates by  railway.  It  has  an  ancient  parish  church  in 
the  Norman  style,  a  handsome  Gothic  church,  a  grammar- 
school,  a  town  hall,  and  a  workhouse,  with  numerous  mills 
for  the  manufacture  of  cotton  yarn,  muslins,  jaconets,  and 
fancy  goods.  In  its  vicinity  are  coal-  and  lead-mines,  slate- 
and  stone-quarries.     Pop.  16,864. 

Chorley,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Chester,  on  a  rail- 
way, 6  miles  N.W.  of  Macclesfield.     Pop.  1643. 

Chorloo,  Tchorloujor  Tschorlu,  chor'loo,  a  town 
of  European  Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Rodosto, 
on  a  railway  from  Constantinople.     Pop.  4000. 

Chorol,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Khorol. 

Chorolque,  eho-rol'ki,  a  snowy  mountain  of  Bolivia. 
J,at.  21°  28'  S.     Height,  16,548  feet. 

Chores  (cho'roce)  Islands,  three  small  islands  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  off  the  coast  of  Chili.  The  largest  is  in  lat. 
29°  17'  S.,  Ion.  71°  36'  W. 

ChorostkoAV,  Ko-rost'kov,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Gali- 
cia,  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Tarnopol,  on  the  Teyna.     Pop.  4901. 

Chorrera,  choR-RA'ri,  a  town  of  the  United  States  of 
Colombia,  on  the  isthmus  and  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Panama, 
near  the  head  of  the  river  Chorrera,  which  enters  the  Pacific 
by  a  deep  mouth  10  miles  W.  of  Panama. 

Chorsa,  a  city  of  Asiatic  Russia.     See  Kars. 

Choruk,  Tchoruk,  or  Tschoruk,  choVuk',  written 
also  Tchorak,  Tscharuk,  Joruk,  Jorak,  and  Ba- 
toomi  (anc.  Acampsisf),  a  river  of  Turkish  and  Russian 
Armenia,  flows  N.E.  and  N.  through  a  part  of  the  pashalic 
of  Erzroom,  and  enters  the  Black  Sea  between  Goonieh  and 
Batoom.    Length,  200  miles. 

Chornm,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Chooroom. 

Chorzele,  KOR-zi'lfi,  a  town  of  Ru.-«sian  Poland,  gov- 
ernment of  Plock,  16  miles  N.  of  Przasznic,  on  the  frontier 
of  Prussia.  Pop,  2580.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen 
and  leather. 

Chosarasp,  Ko^s&-risp'?  or  Hasarasp,  a  walled 
town,  khanat  and  40  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Khiva.  It  has  2 
nasties,  10  mosques,  and  a  brick  college. 

Chota,  cho'ti,  a  town  of  Peru,  capital  of  a  province  of 
its  own  name,  department  of  Libertad,  among  the  Andes, 
on  an  affluent  of  the  Maraiion,  130  miles  N.  of  Trujillo. 

Chota-Nagpoor.    See  Chuta-Nagpoor. 

Choteau,  sho-tO',  a  large  county  in  the  N.  part  of 
Montana,  is  intersected  by  the  Missouri  River,  and  is  also 
drained  by  Judith,  Maria's,  and  Milk  Rivers,  and  other 
streams.  The  surface  is  partly  mountainous  ;  the  soil  of  the 
valleys  is  fertile.  Among  the  remarkable  features  of  this 
county  is  the  Great  Falls  of  the  Missouri  River,  which  has 
■a,  perpendicular  descent  of  87  feet.  The  plains  and  valleys 
are  nearly  destitute  of  forests,  but  timber  abounds  on  the 
muunti'.ins.  Capital,  Fort  Benton.  Pop.  in  1870,  517;  in 
1880,  3058;  in  1890,  4741. 

Choteau,  shoHo',  or  Chouteau,  shooHo'  a  post-office 
and  station  of  the  Cherokee  Nation,  Indian  Territory,  33 
miles  S.  of  Vinita. 

Choteau,  a  post-village  of  Choteau  co.,  Montana,  65 
miles  W.  of  Fort  Benton.  It  has  a  church  organization 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  200. 

Choteau  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Bon  Homme  co.,  S.D. 

Chotebor,  Kot'd-boR\  Kotiebor,  Kot'y4-boR\  or 
Chotieborz,  Kot'yi.-bouz\  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  a 
railway,  19  miles  S.E.  of  Czaslau.     Pop.  3814. 

Choteesghur,  a  district  of  India.  See  Chhtteesgurh. 

Choti,  cho'tee,  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Punjab,  district 
of  Dera  Ghazee  Khan,     Pop.  7300. 

Chotieschau,  Kot'yi-sh5w\  a  town  of  Bohemia^  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Pilsen.     Pop.  1016, 


Chotusitz,  Ko'too-zits\  a  town  of  Bohemia,  2i  miles 

N.  of  Czaslau.     Pop.  1300, 

Chotyn,Khotin,Khotine,Ko-teen',  or  Choczim, 

Ko'chim,  a  strongly  fortified  town  of  Southern  Russia,  in 
Bossarabia,  on  the  Dniester,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Kamieniec. 
Till  the  end  of  the  eighteenth  century  it  was  the  northern- 
most fort  of  the  Ottoman  Empire.     Pop.  18,148. 

Chotzen,  Kot'zf  n,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  a  railway,  19 
miles  E,  of  Chrudim,  on  the  Stille-Adler.     Pop.  3381. 

Choubar,  Beloochistan.    See  Charbar. 

Chouche,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Shoosha. 

Chouchuck,  chooVhuk',  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Pun- 
jab, on  the  Ravee,  62  miles  S.W.  of  Lahore. 

Chouia,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Shooya. 

Choumalari,  Himalayas.    See  Shumalart. 

Choumia,  a  city  of  Bulgaria.     See  Shoomla. 

Chouragur,  chooVa-giir',  a  town  and  strong  fortress  of 
British  India,  75  miles  S.E.  of  Hoshungabad. 

Chouster,  a  city  of  Persia.     See  Shooster. 

Chouz6,  shoo'z^',  or  Chouz6-sur-Loire,  shoo'si'- 
sUr-lwaR,  a  town  of  France,  in  Indre-et-Loire,  on  the  Loire, 
7  miles  N.W.  of  Chinon,     Pop.  3323. 

Chouzy,  shoo^zee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Loir-et-Cher, 
on  a  railway,  6  miles  S.AV.  of  Blois.     Pop.  1239. 

Chow,  a  Chinese  prefix.     See  Cheoo. 

ChoAV,  Tchow,  or  Tschou,  ch6w,  a  populous  walled 
town  of  AVest  Africa,  in  Yarriba,  40  miles  N.W.  of  Katunga. 
Lat.  9°  15'  N. ;  Ion.  5°  50'  E. 

Chowan,  cho-w3,n',  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  North 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  230  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  Albemarle  Sound,  and  on  the  Vf.  by 
the  Chowan  River,  which  is  navigable  by  steamboats.  The 
surface  is  nearly  level ;  the  soil  produces  cotton  and  Indian 
corn.  Capital,  Edenton.  Pop.  in  1870,  6450;  in  1880, 
7900;  in  1890,  9167. 

Chowan  River,  North  Carolina,  is  formed  by  the  Me- 
herrin  and  Nottoway  Rivers,  which  unite  about  5  miles 
above  Winton.  It  runs  southeastward  and  southward,  forms 
the  boundary  between  Bertie  and  Chowan  cos.,  and  enters 
Albemarle  Sound  at  its  W.  end.  Sloops  can  ascend  from 
its  mouth  to  its  origin,  nearly  50  miles. 

Chowbent,  a  town  of  England.     See  Atherton. 

Chowry  Islands,  two  small  islands  of  the  Nicobar 
group.    See  Nicobar  Islands. 

Choynica,  a  town  of  Prussia,    See  Konitz. 

Chrast,  Krlst,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  6 J  miles  S.E.  of 
Chrudim.     Pop.  1666. 

Chrast,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  at  a  railway  junction,  6 
miles  N.E.  of  Pilsen.     Pop.  643, 

Chris'man,  a  post-village  of  Edgar  co..  III.,  13  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Paris,  and  32  miles  E.  of  Tuscola,  It  has  4 
churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac. 
Its  products  are  solely  agricultural.     Pop.  820. 

Chris'ney,  an  incorporated  post-town  of  Spencer  co., 
Ind.,  10  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Rockport.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  distiller}-,  Ac.     Pop.  375. 

Christburg,  krlst'bOoRG,  a  town  of  Prussia,  23  miles 
N.E.  of  Marienwerder,  on  the  Sorge.  It  has  distilleries, 
woollen-mills,  breweries,  and  tanneries.     Pop.  3303. 

Christ'church,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Hants, 
on  the  S.W.  border  of  the  New  Forest,  and  at  the  confluence 
of  the  Avon  and  Stour,  on  Christchurch  Bay  (English  Chan- 
nel), 20  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Southampton.  It  is  named 
from  its  fine  old  church,  formerly  collegiate,  founded  early 
in  Saxon  times,  but  rebuilt  in  the  reign  of  William  II 
Christchurch  has  some  small  manufactures  of  watch-springs 
and  hosiery,  and  a  salmon-fishery.  It  sends  one  member 
to  the  House  of  Commons.  The  phenomenon  of  a  double 
tide  every  12  hours  occurs  at  Christchurch  Bay.  The  town 
itself  is  small,  but  in  the  borough,  including  Bournemouth, 
Ac,  there  is  a  population  of  42,000. 

Christchurch,  a  town  of  England,  in  Monmouthshire, 
is  a  suburb  of  Newport.     Pop.  2412. 

Christ'church,  a  town  of  New  Zealand,  on  South 
Island,  the  capital  of  the  province  of  Canterbury,  is  on  the 
Avon  River,  7  miles  from  the  sea.  Railways  extend  hence 
to  Lyttelton  (the  nearest  port),  also  to  Rangaia,  and  to  the 
southern  parts  of  the  province.  Christchurch  has  a  college, 
a  convent,  museum,  town  library,  lunatic  asylum,  agricul- 
tural college,  fine  provincial  buildings,  theatre,  inebriate 
asylum,  jail,  5  banks,  <t !.,  and  is  the  see  of  an  Anglican 
bishop,  the  primate  of  New  Zealand.  It  has  several  daily 
and  weekly  newspapers,  a  fire  department,  and  good  schools. 
Pop.  in  1891,  16,223;  or,  including  suburbs,  47,846. 

Christ  Church,  a  township  of  Charleston  co.,  S.C. 
Pop.  4493,  It  extends  along  the  Atlantic  coast  from  Bull's 
Bay  to  Charleston  harbor. 


Christian,*  district  of  Norway.    Sc«Cbri8Tiah8-Amt. 

Chris'tian,  a  county  in  tho  S.  contra!  part  of  Illinou, 
baa  an  urea  of  about  680  oqimre  mileo.  It  is  bounded  on 
tho  N,  by  tho  fkkngamon  Kiver,  and  is  intersected  by  the 
South  Fork  of  tho  saiuo.  Tho  surface  is  unduhiting  or 
nearly  levol;  the  Buil  is  furtilo.  This  county  lius  cxtensire 
pruirius,  among  which  groves  of  tho  ash,  hickory,  onk, 
and  other  trees  are  distributed.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats, 
hay^  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Illinois  Central,  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Cbiouj^o 
A  St.  Louis,  the  Ohio  A  Mississippi,  and  tho  Wabush  Itnil- 
ro.vis,  the  two  latter  passing  through  Taylorsville,  thc^ 
capital  of  the  county.  Coal  is  found  bore.  Pop.  in  1870, 
20,.H0.<;  in  1880,  28,227;  in  1890,  30,531. 

Christian,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Kentucky, 
bordering  on  Tennciisec,  has  an  area  of  about  700  square 
wiles.  It  is  drained  by  Little  Kiver  and  Tradewater  Creek. 
The  surface  is  partly  level  and  partly  hilly,  and  is  exten- 
sively covered  with  forest.'^  of  good  timber.  The  soil  of  the 
level  portion  is  very  furtilo.  Indian  corn,  tobacco,  wheat, 
oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Cavernous  lime- 
stone and  bituminous  coal  are  abundant  in  this  county.  It 
is  intersected  by  two  sections  of  the  Louisville  &  Nashville 
Railroad.  Capital,  Ilopkinsville.  Pop.  in  1870,  23,227 j 
in  1880,  31,682;  in  1890,  .34,118. 

Christian,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Missouri,  has 
an  area  of  about  560  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Finley 
Creek  and  several  small  affluents  of  White  River.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly  or  undulating ;  the  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian 
com,  wheat,  and  oats  are  the  staple  product".  Copper,  iron, 
and  lead  are  found  in  it.  This  county  has  forests  of  hickory, 
oak,  and  pine,  and  is  intersected  by  the  St.  Louis  &  San 
Francisco  Railroad.  Capital,  Ozark.  Pop.  in  1870,  6707 ; 
in  1880,  9628;  in  1890,  14,017. 

Christian,  a  post-village  of  Palo  Pinto  co.,  Tex.,  15 
miles  ?'.  by  E.  of  Palo  Pinto.     It  has  public  schools. 

Christiana,  kris-te-ah'na,  a  small  river,  rises  in  Cass 
CO.,  Mich.,  runs  southward,  and  enters  the  St.  Joseph  liiver 
at  Elkhart,  Ind. 

Christiana,  a  hundred  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  ex- 
tends from  Delaware  River  northwestward  across  the  state. 
Pop.  6370,  exclusive  of  the  city  of  Wilmington. 

Christiana,  a  post-village  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  on 
Christiana  Creek,  about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Wilmington.  It 
is  2^  miles  from  Stanton  Railroad  Station.  It  has  3 
churches  and  2  carriage-shops.     Pop.  443. 

Christiana,  a  post-office  of  Dakota  co.,  Minn.,  about 
28  miles  S.S.W.  of  St.  PauL 

Christiana,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Minn.    P.  310. 

Christiana,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Sadsbury  township,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  48  miles 
W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  2  churches,  a  nursery,  a  foun- 
dry, 1  or  2  flour-mills,  and  a  coach-shop.     Pop.  about  500. 

Christiana,  a  village  in  Rutherford  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Nashville  <t  Chattanooga  Railroad,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Mur- 
froesborough.  It  has  a  church.  The  name  of  its  post-oiEce 
is  Jordan's  Valley. 

Christiana,  a  post-office  of  Williamson  co.,  Tenn. 

Christiana,  a  post-township  of  Dane  co..  Wis.,  about 
16  miles  S.E.  of  Madison.  It  has  3  churches.  Pop.  1593. 
It  contains  a  village  named  Cambridge. 

Christiana,  a  township  of  Vernon  co..  Wis.   Pop.  1374. 

Christiana  Creeli,  Delaware,  is  formed  by  Red  Clay 
and  White  Clay  Creeks,  which  unite  in  New  Castle  co.  It 
runs  northeastward,  and  enters  the  Delaware  River  about 
2  miles  below  Wilmington.  Vessels  drawing  14  feet  of  water 
can  aeccnd  it  to  that  city. 

Christiania,or  Kristiania,  kris-tc-i'ne-&,  the  cap- 
ital city  of  Norway,  picturesquely  situated  at  the  head  of 
Christiania- Fiord,  in  lat.  59°  54'  1"  N.,  Ion.  10°  45'  E. 
Temperature  of  the  year,  41°.4;  winter,  23°;  summer,  59°. 9 
Fahr.  The  town  is  regularly  laid  out,  and  pretty  well  built, 
wholly  of  stone  or  brick  ;  the  adjacent  old  town,  Opslo,  and 
other  suburbs,  are  mostly  constructed  of  timber.  It  is  a 
bishop's  see,  and  has  a  cathedral,  several  other  churches,  a 
citadel,  and  the  great  arsenal  of  the  kingdom,  a  royal  resi- 
dence, military  and  lunatic  hospitals,  a  town  hall,  bank, 
and  exchange,  2  theatres,  a  university  having  a  library  of 
200,000  volumes,  various  public  schools,  museums,  an  astro- 
nomical observatory,  and  a  botanic  garden.  The  manufac- 
tures of  the  city  consist  of  woollen  cloths,  iron-ware,  tobacco, 
paper,  leather,  soap,  cotton  yarn,  spirits,  glass,  <tc.  There 
are  also  some  extensive  breweries.  The  exports  are  princi- 
pally timber,  deal  planks,  iron,  iish,  battens,  matches,  linens, 
woollens,  nickel,  wood-pulp,  and  beer.  Christiania  is  the  ter- 
minus of  a  system  of  railways.  The  environs  of  the  city  are 
exceedingly  beautiful,  the  approach  to  it  by  the  magnificent 


8  npHR 

fiord  exciting  tho  admiration  of  all  visitors.  The  fiord  it- 
self is  froscn  for  upwards  of  two  months  of  the  year,  from 
about  20  miles  from  Christiania  to  tho  sea,  ond  tho  harbor 
is  generally  locked  up  for  three  or  four  monlbs.  Poj).  in 
1875,  77,041.  In  1S78  the  city  limits  were  extended.  On 
January  1,  1884,.  the  population  wag  124,165;  in  1891 
160,444.    Pop.  of  the  stilt  or  diocese  of  Cliristiiiiiia,  4Sy,«y5| 

Christian  Island,  an  ivland  in  Lake  Huron.  Lat. 
44°  47'  N.;  Ion.  79°  57'  oO"  W.     On  it  is  a  lighthouse. 

Christianopic,  kris'to-in-o'pfll,  a  town  of  Sweden, 
Isen  and  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Carlscrona,  on  Kalmar  Sound. 
It  was  formerly  fortified.     Pop.  200. 

Christians-  (or  Kristinns-)  Amt,  kri»'te-4n3-4int, 
a  province  of  Southern  Norway,  traversed  by  the  river 
Lougon,  and  by  many  mountain-ranges.  Area,  9070  square 
miles.     Lat.  C0°-02°  N. ;  Ion.  8°-ll°  E.     Pop.  115,SU3. 

Christinnsnnd,  kris'te-An-sind',  a  town  of  Norway, 
near  its  S.  extremity,  capital  of  a  stift  of  the  same  name, 
on  a  lionl  of  thuSkager-Kack,  157  miles  S.W.  of  Christiania. 
Lat.  58°  8'  N.;  Ion.  8°  3'  E.  It  is  regularly  laid  out,  and 
built  chiefly  of  wood.  Principal  edifices,  tho  citadel  Frcd- 
ericksholm,  a  Gothic  cathedral,  and  a  cathedral  school.  A 
good  deal  of  ship-building  is  carried  on;  it  has  an  export 
trade  in  timber,  fish,  and  lobsters.  The  harbor  is  deep  and 
well  sheltered,  and  is  defended  by  several  batteries,  and  by 
the  fort  of  Christianholm,  on  the  small  island  of  Oddcrb, 
at  the  entrance  to  the  harbor.  Christiansand  is  the  resi- 
dence of  a  bishop,  and  of  the  Stiftsamtmand  or  governor  of 
the  province.     Pop.  in  1891,  12,831. 

Cnris'tiansburg,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Ky, 
on  the  Louisville  &  Lexington  Railroad,  16  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Frankfort.     It  has  2  churches,  a  mill,  <to. 

Christiansburg,  or  Addison,  a  post-village  of 
Champaign  co.,  0.,  in  Jackson  township,  about  25  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Dayton.  It  has  3  or  4  general  stores,  a  graded 
school,  3  churches,  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  about  400. 

Christiansburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Montgom- 
ery CO.,  Va.,  is  situated  in  a  valley  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by 
the  Rluo  Ridge,  80  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Lynchburg. 
It  contains  4  churches,  an  academy,  a  female  college,  a 
cigar-fiictory,  flour-mills,  lime-  and  cement-works,  a  bank, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  864. 

Christiansfeld,  kris'te-&ns-fdld\  a  town  of  Prussia, 
in  Sleswick,  7i  miles  N.  of  Iladersleben.  It  is  a  colony  of 
Moravian  Brothers,  founded  in  1773.     Pop.  684. 

Christianshavn,  kris'te-dns-hSwn^  a  suburb  of  Co- 
PEXIIAOKN,  which  see. 

Christians-iic,  kris'te-ins-o'^h,  a  group  of  islets  in 
Denmark,  in  the  Baltic,  12  miles  N.  of  Bornbolm,  consist- 
ing of  three  rocks,  between  the  first  two  of  which  is  a  secure 
haven.  It  is  fortified,  and  has  a  castle,  used  as  a  state 
prison.  On  Christians-oe  is  a  revolving  light.  Lat.  55° 
19'  12"  N.;  Ion.  15°  12'  E.     Pop.  450. 

Chris'tianstad^  or  Christianstadt,  kris'te-an-stat 
(Sw.  Cliristiuitstad,  or  KriBtianntad,  kris'te-in-stid^),  a  for- 
tified town  of  Sweden,  capital  of  a  laen  of  the  same  name, 
on  the  IIe1ge-4,  ne.ar  the  Baltic,  265  miles  S.W.  of  Stock- 
holm. It  is  tho  terminus  of  2  railways.  It  is  well  built, 
and  has  artillery  barracks,  and  manufactures  of  gloves, 
linen  and  woollen  fabrics,  Ac.     Pop.  7710. 

Christianstad,  a  Iscn  or  district  of  Sweden,  near  its 
S.  extremity,  mostly  enclosed  by  Ilalmstad,  Kronoberg, 
Carlscrona,  and  Malmobus.  Area,  25U7  square  miles. 
Pop.  230,809. 

Christianstadt,  kris'te-in-stitt',  a  town  of  Prussio, 
on  the  Bober,  opposite  Naumburg.     Pop.  870. 

Christianstcd,  kris'te-in-sted*,  more  frequently  called 
Bas'sin,  a  town  of  the  West  Indies,  capital  of  the  Danish 
island  of  Santa  Cruz,  on  the  N.E.  coast.  It  has  a  small  but 
excellent  port,  with  a  fort  and  garrison.  Chief  exports, 
sugar,  molasses,  and  rum.     Pop.  about  6000. 

Christiansund,  kris'te-in-soond\  a  town  of  Norway, 
85  miles  W.S.W.  of  Trondhjem,  amt  of  Romsdal,  on  three 
islands  in  the  Atlantic,  which  enclose  its  harbor.  It  has  an 
active  trade  and  extensive  fisheries.     Pop.  5709. 

Chris'tiansville,  a  hamlet  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  Va., 
12  miles  N.W.  of  Boydton.     It  has  2  churches  and  2  stores. 

Christievilie,  Quebec.    See  Saint  Atiianask. 

Christine,  kris-teen',  a  post-borough  of  Mendocino 
CO.,  Cal.,  14  miles  W.  of  Ukiah.  It  has  dense  forests  of 
Redwood  trees.     Pop.  100. 

Christinehamn,  kris-tee'n?-hlm\  a  town  of  Sweden, 
25  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Carlstad.on  Lake  Wener.    P.  3123. 

Christinestadt,  or  Kristinestad,  kris-tce'n^h- 
Et&tt\  a  town  of  Finland,  lasn  and  55  miles  S.  of  Vasa,  on 
the  Gulf  of  Bothnia.     It  has  a  good  harbor.     Pop.  2650. 

Christler's  Landing,  Pa.    See  Suippinqport. 


CHR 


889 


CIHJ 


Christmas  (kris'mass)  Cat'aracts  are  in  the  river 
jrbice,  British  Guiana.'    Lat.  4°  41'  N.;  Ion.  57°  54'  W. 
jChristmas  Harbor,  Kerguelen  Land,  Indian  Ocean, 
In  lat.  49"  20'  S.,  Ion.  69°  24'  E. 

jChristmas  Island,  in  the  Pacific  (lat.  1°  57'  16.8" 
'  Ion.  157°  26'  49.5"  W.),  is  a  large  low  atoll,  with  a  good 
'chorage,  and  is  the  headquarters  of  an  American  guano 
knpany. 

Christmas  Island,  an  island  in  the  Little  Bras  d"Or, 
l.pe  Breton,  with  a  post-village  and  settlement,  3  miles 
im  Grand  Narrows,  and  .33  miles  S.W.  of  Sydney.  P.  131  a. 
Christmas  Island,  in  the  Indian  Ocean.  Lat.  10° 
I'S.;  Ion.  10o°  34'  E. 

i Christmas  Sound,  near  the  S.  extremity  of  America, 
0  miles  N.W.  of  Capo  Horn. 
Chris'topher,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  oc,  111.,  6 
lies  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Benton.     It  has  2  churches  and 

Icommon  school.     Pop.  200. 

'chroma,  kro'mi,  or  Dubrownik,  doo-brov'nik,  a 

jdall  fortified  Dalmatian  island  in  the  Adriatic,  ofif  Eagusa. 
Chrome,  krom,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  2 

^les  from  Nottingham   Railroad  Station,  and   about   55 

liles  W.S.AV.  of  Philadelphia. 

? Chrome  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  about 

^  miles  N.N.E.  of  Baltimore.     Chrome  and  iron  ore  are 

und  here. 

{Chron'icle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Catawba  co.,  N.C.,  in 

Wdwell  township,  about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Statesville.    It 

%s  a  church. 

I  Chronus,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  the  Nieme\. 

I  Chnidim,  Kroo'dim,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  the  Chru- 

.mka,  an  afiluent  of  the  Elbe,  62  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of 

irague.     It  has  a  fine  church,  a  grammar-school,  and  largo 

larkets  for  horses.     Pop.  9446. 

!  Chryso,  a  town  of  Greece.    See  Knisso. 

;  Chrysopolis,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Scutari. 

i  Chrysorrhoas,  a  river  of  Syria.     See  Barrada. 

!  Chrys'ton,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Lanark,  7  miles 

jl.N.E.  of  Glasgow.     Pop.  486. 

j  Chrzanow,  Kzhi'nov,  a  town  of  Austro- Hungary,  on 

lie  Chechlo,  27  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Cracow.     Pop. 

|600.     It  has  an  active  commerce. 

j  Chualar,  choo^a-laR',  a  post-hamlet  of  Monterey  co., 

|al.,  in  the  Salinas  Valley,  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Rail- 

jaad,  128  miles  S.S.E.  of  San  Francisco. 

i  Chiiapa,  choo-4'pil,  a  river  of  Chili,  forming  the  S. 

loundary-line  of  the  province  of  Coquimbo,  and  separating 

k  from  Aconcagua.     It  rises  on  the  W.  slope  of  the  Andes, 

•nd  falls  into  the  Pacific  after  a  course  of  about  125  miles, 

,n  lat.  31°  38'  S. 

I   Chubb's   Corners,  a  post-oflSce  of  Livingston  co., 

iMich.,  7  miles  S.  of  Howell.  ft, 

I    Chubb's  Dock,  a  station  in  Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  on 

Lake  Champlain,  and  on  the  Delaware  &  Hudson  Canal,  7 

miles  N.  of  Whitehall. 

j    Chub  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Ala. 

I    Chubra'now,  a  town  of  India,  district  and  about  25 

biiles  S.  of  Furruckabad.     Pop.  5562. 

Chuck'atuck,  a  post-village  of  Nansemond  co.,  Va., 
10  miles  N.  of  Sufi"olk.  It  has  4  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 
I  Chuck'y  Val'ley,  a  post-oflSce  of  Washington  co., 
ilenn.,  7  miles  from  Jonesborough. 

!  Chucuito,  Chucuyto,  choo-kwee'to,  or  Chuqnito, 
jjhoo-kee'to,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  a  province  of  its  own  name, 
Jepartment  of  Puno,  on  the  ^Y.  shore  of  Lake  Titicaca,  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Puno,  and  85  miles  E.  of  Arequipa.  Pop. 
about  6000.  In  the  province  are  mines  of  silver  and  gold. 
:Splcndid  specimens  of  the  remains  of  antiquity  have  been 
'found  here.     Pop.  about  75,000. 

Chudleigh,  chiid'lee,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Devon, 
;9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Exeter.     Pop.  of  parish,  2042. 
j    Chuelechuel  Island.    See  Choleechel. 
I    Chuen-Pee,  Tchuen-Pi,  or  Tsehuen-Pi,  chu*- 
8n*pee',  a  port  of  China,  on  an  island  opposite  Tycocktow 
Point,  in  the  Canton  lliver,  35  miles  S.E.  of  Canton. 
,  _  Chuganserai,  choo-gin-se-ri',  a  river  of  Afghanistan, 
irises  in  Kaflristan,  and  joins  the  Cabool  near  Jelalabad. 
I     Chuganserai,  a  town  of  Afghanistan,  on  the  above, 
iSO  miles  N.E.  of  Cabool.     Lat.  34°  55'  N.;  Ion.  70°  8'  E. 
Chug  Water,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Laramie  co.,  AVyoming. 
Chugwater  Creek,  Wyoming,  rises  in  Albany  co., 
;  runs  nearly  northward,  and  enters  the  Laramie  River  about 
20  miles  from  its  mouth.     Length,  about  100  miles. 
Chni,  a  river  of  Asia,    See  Chooi. 
Chuka,  choo'ki,  a  castle  of  Bootan,  near  a  river,  here 
crossed  by  a  chain  suspension  bridge.    Lat.  27°  20'  N.j 
I  Ion.  89°  27'  E. 
67 


Chu-Kiang,  a  river  of  China.    See  Canton  Ritke. 

Chu'la  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Amelia  co.,  Va.,  30 
miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Richmond.     It  has  a  church. 

CkuMafiu'nee,  a  post-village  of  Cleburne  co.,  Ala., 
13  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Edwardsville.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  primary  school.     Pop.  200. 

Chulaho'ma,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co..  Miss., 
about  48  miles  S.E.  of  Memphis,  Tenn.  It  has  3  churches 
and  an  academy.     Pop.  about  200. 

Chulas'ky,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northumberland  co..  Pa., 
about  4  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Danville. 

Chu'lio,  a  post-office  of  Floyd  co.,  Ga. 

Chullumbrum,  India.    See  Chellumbrum. 

Chulm,  a  village  of  Bohemia.     See  Kulm. 

Chulna,  chool'na(anc.  Crocotaf),  an  islet  of  the  Indian 
Ocean,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Cape  Monze,  Beloochistan. 

Chulumani,  ohoo-loo-mi'nee,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  45 
miles  E.N.E.  of  La  Paz,  on  the  }\ead-stream  of  the  Beni. 

Chuluo'ta,  a  post- village  of  Orange  co.,  Fla.,  about  25 
miles  N.E.  of  Orlando.     It  has  2  churches,  <fcc.     Pop.  200 

Chuluwau,  choo-loo-win',  or  Holy  Island,  an 
island  5  or  6  miles  long,  on  the  E,  coast  of  Africa,  Mozam- 
bique Channel.     Lat.  20°  38'  S. ;  Ion.  34°  53'  E. 

Chumalari,  Himalaya.    See  Shumalari. 

Chum'ba,  Chamba,  or  Tschamba,  chum'ba,  a 
town  of  India,  on  the  Ravee,  at  the  foot  of  the  Himalayas, 
120  miles  N.E.  of  Lahore.  Lat.  32°  22'  N. ;  Ion.  75°  66'  E. 
Pop.  about  5000.  It  was  formerly  an  important  place  of 
commerce.  It  is  the  chief  town  of  a  native  tributary  state 
of  the  same  name,  bounded  N.E.  by  the  Cashmere  terri- 
tories.    Area  of  state,  3216  square  miles;  pop.  130,000. 

Chum^bul',  a  river  of  India,  rises  in  the  Vindhya 
Mountains,  flows  mostly  N.E.,  and  joins  the  Jumna  85 
miles  S.E.  of  Agra.     Length,  750  miles. 

Chumie,  choo'mee,  a  mountain-range  of  South  Africa, 
Capo  Colony,  between  the  parallels  of  32°  and  33°  S.  and 
near  the  meridian  of  27°  E. 

Chumleigh,  chfim'lee,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Devon,  on  the  Dart,  21  miles  N.W.  of  Exeter. 

Chumorereel,  Chamoreril,  chum'o-r?-reer,  or 
Chumureri,  chiim'oo-r?-reo',  a  lake  of  Ladakh,  Asia. 
Lat.  33°  N. ;  Ion.  78°  20'  E.     Length,  about  16  miles. 

Chum'paneer',  or  Pow'agurh',  a  town  of  India, 
Gwalior  dominions,  150  miles  W.S.W.  of  Oojein. 

Chumparun,  or  Champaran,  chfim-pa-run',  a  dis- 
trict of  India,  in  the  Patna  division,  province  of  Bahar, 
bounded  N.  by  Nepaul.  Lat.  26°-28°  N. ;  Ion.  84°-86°  E. 
Area,  3531  square  miles.  It  is  generally  level  and  fertile, 
producing  grain,  rice,  indigo,  cordage,  and  saltpetre.  Cap- 
ital, Moteeharee.     Pop.  1,440,815. 

Chum'paAVUt',  a  town  of  North  Hindostan,  and  the 
old  capital  of  Kumaon,  35  miles  S.E.  of  Almora.  It  is 
built  of  stone,  and  has  some  Hindoo  temples. 

Chumureri,  a  lake  in  Asia.     See  Chumorereel. 

Chunargurh,  chiin-ar-gur',  Chunar,  Chanar,  or 
Tschanar,  chun'ir,  a  town  of  India,  Mirzapoor  district, 
North-West  Provinces,  on  the  Ganges,  and  on  a  railway,  17 
miles  S.W.  of  Benares,  with  a  fort,  a  prison,  a  hospital,  and 
an  old  palace.     Pop.  10,125. 

Chunchula,  chun-choo'la,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mobile  co., 
Ala.,  on  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  19  miles  N.  of  Mobile. 
It  has  a  church  and  4  distilleries  of  turpentine. 

Chundowsee,  or  Chandausi,  chun-dow'see,  a  town 
of  India,  district  of  Moradabad,  North-West  Provinces,  45 
miles  W.  of  Bareilly.     Pop.  22,122.  ( 

Chundrakona,  or  Chandrakona,  chun-dra-ko'na, 
a  town  of  Bengal,  district  of  Midnapoor,  58  miles  W.  of 
Calcutta.    It  was  once  famous  for  cloth-weaving.    P.  21,331. 

Chungamah,  a  town  of  India.    See  Changama. 

Chunkey's  (chunk'iz)  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Newton  co..  Miss.,  on  the  Vicksburg  &  Meridian  Railroad, 
18  miles  W.  of  Meridian.     It  has  a  church.  i 

Chun-Khing,  a  town  of  China.     See  Shun-King.        ' 

Chun^nenug'gee,  a  station  in  Bullock  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Mobile  <fc  Girard  Railroad,  60  miles  W.S.W.  of  Colum- 
bus, Ga. 

Chun-Ning,  a  city  of  China.     See  Shun-Nino. 

Chun-Te,  a  city  of  China.     See  Shun-Te. 

Chupat,  choo-pit',  a  river  of  Patagonia,  which,  after  an 
E.  course,  enters  the  Atlantic  in  lat.  14°  16'  S.,  Ion.  66°  W. 

Chupat,  choo-pit',  or  Chubut,  choo-but',  a  Welsh 
colony  in  Patagonia,  on  the  river  Chupat.  It  has  been  for 
many  years  sustained  by  the  government  of  the  Argentine 
Republic.     Pop.  about  150. 

Chupee  (choo'pee)  Creek,  of  Georgia,  flows  S.E. 
through  Monroe  and  Bibb  cos.,  and  enters  the  Ocmulgee 
about  9  miles  S.  of  Macon.    It  is  called  also  Tobesofka. 


onu 


890 


CHU 


Chap'i)arah,a  town  of  British  India,  90  tnilos  N.N.E. 
of  Niij;j>oor. 

Chup'rah  (native,  CAA<»;>rrt,  chHp'r^),  a  town  of  India, 
enpiul  of  the  Sarun  district,  near  the  Ganges,  and  34  wiles 
W.N.W.  of  Patna.  It  is  a  place  of  much  wealth,  but  its 
trade  is  on  the  decline.  It  is  distinguished  for  oommeroo 
in  pottery,  brass  goods,  and  saltpetre.     Pop.  (1881)  61,870. 

Chupruwlee,  ohfip-rOw'loe,  a  town  or  tlie  Moorut  dis- 
trict, North-West  Provinces,  India.  Lat.  22°  12'  N.  j  Ion. 
77*  15'  E.     Pop.  6266. 

Chu^qiia  Ton'cha  Creek,  of  Chickasaw  oo..  Miss., 
flows  into  Oktibbeha  Kiver. 

Chuqucapo,  choo-l(d-&-po',  a  river  of  Bolivia,  rises  in 
the  Andes,  near  La  Paz,  flows  mostly  X.,  and  may  be  con- 
sidered the  head-stream  of  the  Beni  and  Madeira  Rivers. 

Chuquibamba,  ohoo-l(e-b&m'b&,  a  town  of  Peru,  15 
miles  N.W.  of  Arequipa.  In  the  vicinity  is  a  mountain  of 
the  same  name.  Lat.  15<*  60'  S.;  Ion.  72"  20'  W.  Eleva- 
tion, 21,000  feet. 

Chiiquisaca,  choo-]{e-s&'li&,  Sucre,  soo'lcrft,  Char> 
cas,  cbar'l<&8,  or  La  Plata,  I&  pl&'t&,  a  city  of  Bolivia, 
situated  9343  feet  above  the  sca-level,  on  a  small  plateau 
above  the  Rio  de  la  Plata,  a  small  affluent  of  the  Cachimayo. 
Lat.  Iflo  40'  S.;  Ion.  65°  35'  W.  The  houses,  generally  of 
two  stories,  arc  well  built,  and  have  usually  small  paved 
courts,  with  water  running  through  them ;  the  streets  are 
regular,  spacious,  and  clean.  The  principal  square  is 
adorned  with  an  elegant  fountain.  The  buildings  most  do- 
Borving  of  notice  arc  the  cathedral,  a  magnificent  edifice  in 
the  Moresque  stylo,  with  lofty  towers  and  an  immense  dome, 
the  churches  of  San  Francisco  and  San  Miguel,  monasteries, 
nunneries,  and  a  theatre.  The  principal  educational  estab- 
lishments are  the  Seminary  of  St.  Christopher  and  the  Col- 
lege of  Junin.  There  is  also  an  endowment  called  Colegio 
de  las  Educandos,  whore  female  orphans  are  brought  up. 
Chuquisaca  is  the  see  of  an  archbishop.  It  was  the  capital 
of  Bolivia  until  1869.  The  great  body  of  the  population 
are  Indians,  who  speak  a  language  called  Quichtia.  Im- 
mense treasures  were  formerly  carried  across  the  river  at 
this  point;  hence,  from  the  terms  Choque  »aca  {i.e.,  "  bridge 
of  gold"),  the  town  is  supposed  to  have  derived  its  name. 
Estimated  pop.  in  1891,  30,000. 

Chuquisaca,  a  department  of  Bolivia,  on  the  S.E.  of 
the  great  table-land,  comprehending  four  provinces,  viz., 
Chuquisaca,  Centi,  Tornino,  and  Yamparaes.  Area,  72,796 
square  miles.     Pop.  360,680. 

Chnquito,  a  town  of  Peru.    See  Chucuito. 

Chur,  chooR  (?),  a  mountain  of  India,  one  of  the  lofty 
peaks  of  Gurhwal,  near  the  sources  of  the  Jumna.  Height, 
12,149  feet.     Lat.  30°  52'  N. ;  Ion.  77°  28'  E. 

Chur,  KOOR  (Fr.  Coire,  kwan;  anc.  Cu'ria  or  Cu'ria 
lihoeto'rum;  Romansh,  Cuera  and  QwoiVa),  the  capital  of 
the  Swiss  canton  of  Grisons,  in  the  valley  of  the  Upper 
Rhine.  It  presents  much  curious  architecture,  and  has  a 
cathedral  partly  of  the  eighth  century,  a  bishop's  palace, 
Roman  Catholic  seminary,  cantonal  school  and  library,  some 
manufactures  of  zinc  wares  and  of  cutting  tools,  and  transit 
trade  with  Italy.     It  is  a  railway  terminus.     Pop.  7552. 

Church,  a  town  of  England,  in  Lancashire,  4  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Blackburn.     Pop.  4450. 

Church,  a  station  in  St.  Clair  co..  III.,  on  the  St.  Louis, 
Alton  k  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  East  St.  Louis. 

Church,  a  po8t-ofl5ce  of  Clarion  co.,  Pa. 

Church  Buttes,  buts,  a  station  in  Uintah  co.,  Wyo- 
ming, on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  68  miles  N.E.  of 
Evanston. 

Church  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Dorchester  co.,  Md., 
about  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cambridge.     It  has  several  stores. 

Church'es,  a  station  in  Jefl"erson  co.,  Col.,  on  the  Col- 
orado Central  Railroad,  24  miles  by  rail  N.AV.  of  Denver. 

Church  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Tenn. 

Church  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Christian  co.,  Ky.,  6 
miles  S.W.  of  Ilopkinsville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Church  Hill,  a  post- village  of  Queen  Anne  co.,  Md., 
about  .pS  miles  E.S.E.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  6  churches,  a 
flour-  and  feed-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  596. 

Church  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Miss., 
about  14  miles  N.E.  of  Natchez,  and  3  miles  from  the  Mis- 
cissippi  River.     It  has  a  church. 

Church  Uill,a  post-village  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  in 
Liberty  township,  on  the  Liberty  A  Vienna  Branch  Rail- 
road, 5  miles  N. W.  of  Youngstown,  and  2  miles  from  Girard 
Station.     It  has  several  churches  and  general  stores. 

Church  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa. 

Church  Hill,  a  post-htimlct  of  Hawkins  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
Ilolston  River,  9  miles  above  Rogersville.  It  has  a  church, 
A  grist-mill,  and  a  saw -mill. 


Church  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  oo.,  Ontario, ; 
miles  from  Lcfroy.     Pop.  150. 

Church'ill,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  x- 
vada,  has  an  area  of  about  4300  square  miles.  It  is  |,: 
drained  by  Carson  River.  The  surface  is  mostly  ocxt 
by  mountains  and  arid  plains,  in  which  timber  and  \ 
are  scarce.  The  soil  requires  irrigation  to  render  it 
ductive.  Carson  Lake,  which  is  in  this  county,  has  nu 
let.  Capital,  Stillwater.  Pop.  in  1870,  196;  in  1880,  a;%- 
in  1890,  70.3.  ' 

Church'ill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  oo.,  Fla.,  25  diIIm 
N.E.  of  Ocala.  It  has  a  church  organization,  a  public 
school,  Ac.     Pop.  100. 

Churchill,  a  post  hamlet  of  Ogemaw  co.,  Mich.,  aboul 
12  miles  N.E.  of  West  Branch. 

Church'ill,  Mis^sinnip'pi,  or  English  River,or 
Canada,  rises  about  lat.  56°  40'  N.,  Ion.  109°  45'  W.,  runj 
eastward  and  northeastward  through  many  lakes,  and 
enters  the  west  side  of  Hudson's  Bay  near  Fort  Ciiurchill, 
in  the  district  of  Kcewatin.  Length,  estimated  at  8(1(1 
miles.  It  is  extensively  navigated  by  canoes,  but  hu 
many  rapids. 

Church'land,apo8t-vilIageof  Norfolk  CO.,  Va.,  4  milei 
by  rail  W.  of  West  Norfolk.  It  has  3  churches  and  uc 
academy.     Pop.  100. 

Church  Mills,  New  York.     See  Weoatchie. 

Church  Over,  a  small  village  in  Shelburne  co.,  Novj 
Scotia,  on  the  sea-coast,  7  miles  from  Shelburne.    Pop.  ISO 

Church  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Acadia  parish.  La. 
on  Bayou  Plaqueuiine,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Crowley.  It  boj 
a  church  and  several  general  stores. 

Church  Run,  a  locality  in  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  about  ^ 
miles  N.  of  Titusville.  It  has  afi"orded  much  oil.  A  pijic 
line  runs  hence  to  Titusville. 

Church's  Falls,  a  village  of  Ontario.    See  Catahaci 

Church's  Ferry,  a  post-village  of  Ramsey  co.,  N.D. 
10  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Devil's  Lake.  It  has  a  church,  i 
bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  150. 

Church  Street,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  Nov 
Scotia,  2  miles  from  Port  Williams  Station.   Pop.  200. 

Church  Stret'ton,  a  town  of  England,  in  Salop,  1 
miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Shrewsbury.     Pop.  of  parish,  175( 

Church  ToAvn,  England.     See  CiiuKcn. 

Church'town,  or  Bruhcn'ny,  a  village  of  Irclanc 
CO.  of  Cork,  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Charleville.    P.  of  parish,  1811 

Church'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  2 
miles  from  Claverack  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church, 

Churchtown,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  0. 

Churchtown,  a  village  of  Cumberland  co..  Pa.,  \ 
Monroe  township,  1  mile  from  the  Harrisburg  A  Potoma 
Railroad,  and  about  13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Harrisburg.  ] 
has  3  churches  an«l  a  plough-factory.  Uho  name  of  its  poil 
office  is  Allen.     Pop.  about  450. 

Churchtown,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  i 
Caernarvon  township,  about  15  miles  S.  of  Reading.  It  hi 
3  churches.     Pop.  about  200. 

Church  View,  a  post-hamlet  of  Middlesex  co.,  Va.,  1 
miles  N.E.  of  West  Point.     It  has  a  church. 

Church'ville,  a  post-village  of  Harford  co.,  Md., 
miles  W.  of  Havre  de  Grace,  and  5  miles  E.  of  Belair.  ] 
has  3  churches. 

Churchville,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  o 
Black  Creek,  and  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  14  niiU 
W.S.W.  of  Rochester.  It  has  2  mills,  a  machine-shop, 
graded  school,  and  5  churches.     Pop.  493. 

Churchville,  a  post-hamlct  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  17  mil< 
by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Philadelphia.     It  has  a  church. 

Churchville,  a  post-village  of  Augusta  co..  Va.,  abot 
8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Staunton.  It  has  2  churches.  l'o| 
about  290. 

Churchville,  a  post-village  in  Peel  co.,  Ontario,  on  th 
river  Credit,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Malton.  It  contains  a  tanner 
and  flour-  and  saw-mills.     Pop.  200. 

Churchville,  a  post-village  in  Pictou  co..  Nova  Scotii 
on  the  east  branch  of  East  River,  5  miles  S.  of  New  Glai 
gow.     Pop.  150. 

Chur'dan,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  Iowa,  12  mih 
by  rail  N.  of  Jefferson.  It  has  '6  churches,  a  bank, 
public  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  plough-factory,  a  tooi 
factory,  &c.     Pop.  in  1890,  377. 

Churkaree,  or  Charkhari,  chiir-k&'ree,  a  rajabshi 
of  India,  in  Bundelcund,  tributary  to  the  British. 

Churn'town,  a  small  mining  village  of  Shasta  co..  Gal 
7  miles  from  Reading. 

Churubusco,  choo-roo-boos'ko,  a  village  of  Mexic< 
situated  on  the  Rio  de  Churubusco,  about  6  miles  S.  of  th 
capital.    It  contains  a  massive  stone  convent.    A  battle  wt 


CIIU 


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ught  here  on  the  20th  of  August,  1847,  between  the  Amer- 

iins  under  General  Scott  and  the  Mexicans  under  Santa 

nna,  resulting  in  the  total  defeat  of  the  latter. 

Chur^iibus'co,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Ala.,  20 

lies  S.S.W.  of  Tuscumbia. 

■  Chiirubusco,  a  post-village  of  AVhitley  co.,  Ind.,  in 

inith  township,  10  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Columbia.    It  has 

churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures 
f  carriages,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  869. 

Churubusco,  a  small  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  N.Y., 

I  Clinton  township,  on  the  Ogdensburg  &  Lake  Champlain 

,ailroad,  37  miles  \V.  of  Rouse's  Point.     It  has  a  church 

d  a  lumber-mill. 

Chftrum,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.     See  CnooROOM. 

Churwalden,  KooR'*ird§n,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 

nton  of  Grisons,  6  miles  S.  of  Chur.     Pop.  632. 

Chusan,  choo'sin',  one  of  a  group  of  islands  off  the  E. 

ast  of  China,  province  of  Che-Kiang,  opposite  the  estuary 
If  the  Tsien-Tang-Kiang,  60   miles  E.N.E.  of  Ning-Po. 

at.  of  the  harbor,  30°  0'  10"  N. ;  Ion.  122°  10'  E.  Length 
rem  E.  to  AV.,  10  miles ;  breadth,  from  6  to  20  miles.  The 
urface  is  mountainous.  The  products  comprise  rice,  wheat, 
oa,  cloth-grass,  sweet  potatoes,  cotton,  tobacco,  chestnuts, 
:amphor,  bamboos,  walnuts,  and  varnish.  Numerous  towns 
md  villages  are  scattered  over  the  island,  the  capital  being 
L'ing-IIai,  near  the  S.  coast. 

Chusenii,  Koo-sen-lee'  (?),  an  important  town  in  the 
(hanat  and  80  miles  N.  of  Khiva,  on  the  Amoo-Darya. 

Chusistan,  a  province  of  Persia.    See  Khoozistan. 

Chuta-Ahmedpoor.    See  AHMEDPOou-CiiurA. 

Chu'ta-  (Cho'ta-,  Chho'ta-,or  Chu'tia-)  Xag'- 
{poor\  a  province  of  Bengal,  comprising  the  British  dis- 
tricts of  Hazarybaugh,  Lohardaga,  Manbhoom,  and  Sing- 
iboom,  with  seven  small  native  tributary  states.  Lat.  21°- 
125°  N.;  Ion.  82°-87°  E.  Area,  26,966  square  miles.  It 
consists  largely  of  forests  and  sparsely-peopled  jungles, 
producing  lac,  wild  silk,  and  timber.  Tea  is  also  grown. 
Some  thousands  of  the  native  hill-men  are  now  Protestant 
Christians.  Coal  and  iron  abound.  Pop.  4,645,590.  Chuta- 
jNagpoou  proper  is  a  high  plateau  forming  a  part  of  the 
jBritish  district  of  Lohardaga. 

)  Chu'ta-  (or  Cho'ta-)  Oo^dipoor',  also  written 
iChhota-Udipur,  a  native  state  of  India,  in  Guzerat,  with 
la  capital  of  the  same  name,  60  miles  E.  of  Baroda.  Area, 
820  square  miles.     Pop.  62,913. 

Chute  a  Blondeau,shut  &  bliuo^do',  apost-village  in 
Prescott  CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  river  Ottawa,  73  miles  below 
Ottawa. 

Chute's  Cove,  or  Hamp'ton,  a  post-village  in  An- 
inapolis  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Bayof  Fundy,  5  miles  from 
Bridgetown.     Pop.  100. 

I  Chnttecsgurh,  chiit-tees-gau'  (native,  Chhatisgarh), 
!  a  commissionership  of  British  India,  Central  Provinces. 
Lat.  16°  60'-23°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  80°  30'-83°  15'  E.  Area, 
i  39,647  square  miles.     It  comprises  the  districts  of  Raipoor, 

■  Belaspoor,  and   Sumbhulpoor,  with    seven    native  states. 

■  Pop.  3,289,043. 

Chutterbai,  chiitH?r-bi',  a  stronghold  of  Asia,  in  an 
'  almost  inaccessible  position  on  the  Indus,  in  lat.  34°  20'  N., 

■  Ion.  72°  58'  E.,  and  belonging,  with  the  fort  Am  and  about 
j  240  square  miles  of  territory,  to  a  predatory  chief. 

j  Chutterpore,  or  Chutturpore.  See  CiiATTERrooR. 
f  Chut'wa  (native,  C/i//f(?«a),a  village  of  the  Chumparun 
''  district,  in  Bahar,  British  India.     Pop.  5402. 

Chuy,  a  river  of  Asia.     See  Chooi. 

Chwalynsk,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Khvalynsk. 

Chwan-Chow-Foo,atown of  China.    SeeCHi.NciiEW. 

Chynpoor-Baree,  chin'poor'-bi'ree,  a  considerable 
town  of  llindostan,  dominions  and  50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bho- 
paul,  in  lat.  23°  2'  N.,  Ion.  78°  15'  E. 

Chypre,  the  French  for  Cyprus. 

Chyrow,  kee'rov,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  at  a  rail- 
way junction,  56  miles  S.W.  of  Lemberg.     Pop.  1480. 

Ciamon  Promontorium.    See  Cape  Malek. 

Ciamot,  chJ,-mot',  written  also  Camot,  Chiamut, 
and  Tschamut  (It.  Cima  del  Monte,  chee'middl  mon'ti), 
a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Grisons,  about  3  miles 
N.E.  of  Mount  Baduz,  and  5000  feet  above  the  sea.  Here 
commenced,  in  1799,  the  rising  against  the  French. 

Cianciana,  chin-chi'ni,  or  San  Antonio,  sin  in- 
to'ne-o,  a  town  of  Sicily,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Girgenti.  Pop. 
4478.     Near  it  are  extensive  sulphur-mines, 

Ciara,  Brazil.    See  Ceara'. 

Cibao,  se-bi'o,  the  principal  mountain  of  Hayti,  near 
the  centre  of  the  island,  in  a  chain  which  runs  E.  and  W. 
Culminating  point,  4590  feet  in  elevation. 

Cibinium,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Seben. 


Cibolo,  or  Rio  Cibolo,  reo'o  se'bo-lo,  a  small  river 
of  Texas,  runs  southeastward  and  southward,  drains  parts 
of  Bexar,  Comal,  and  Guadalupe  cos.,  and  enters  the  San 
Antonio  River  in  Karnes  co.,  at  or  near  Helena.  It  \* 
about  T50  miles  long. 

Ciboio  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Guadalupe  co.,  Tex.,  on 
Cibolo  Creek,  and  on  the  Galveston,  Harrisburg  &  San  An- 
tonio Railroad,  20  miles  E.  of  San  Antonio. 

Ciboure,  see'boou',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ilnutes- 
Pyrcnces,  with  a  port  at  the  mouth  of  the  Nivelle.   P.  1910. 

Cicacole,  a  town  of  British  India.     See  Chicacole. 

Cicagna,  che-kin'yi,  a  village  of  Italy,  11  miles  N. 
of  Chiavari,  at  the  foot  of  the  Apennines.     Pop.  2584. 

Cicciano,  chit-chi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Caserta,  3 
miles  N.  of  Nola.     Pop.  3845. 

Cicero,  sis'?  ro,  a  station  on  the  Amador  Branch  of  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of  Gait,  Cal. 

Cicero,  a  township  of  Cook  co..  111.  Pop.  1545.  Cicero 
Station  is  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  4 
miles  AV.  of  Chicago.     The  township  contains  Austin. 

Cicero,  a  post- village  of  Hamilton  co.,  Ind.,  in  Jackson 
township,  on  Cicero  Creek,  6  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Noblesville, 
and  28  miles  N.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  and  manufactures  of  brick 
and  lumber.     Pop.  631. 

Cicero,  a  township  of  Tipton  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  3646.  It 
contains  the  town  of  Tipton. 

Cicero,  or  Cicero  Corners,  a  post-village  of  Cicero 
township,  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y., about  9  miles  N.  of  Syracui^e. 
It  has  a  graded  school  and  4  churches.  Pop.  300.  Cicero 
township  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Oneida  Lake,  and  con- 
tains part  of  Brewerton,  and  a  population  of  2636. 

Cicero,  a  post-hamlet  of  Defiance  co.,  0.,  about  80 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Toledo,     It  has  a  church. 

Cicero,  a  township  of  Outagamie  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  417. 

Cicero  Creek,  Indiana,  rises  in  Tipton  co.,  runs  south- 
ward, and  enters  the  White  River  (or  its  West  Fork)  in 
Hamilton  co.,  about  a  mile  below  Noblesville. 

Cicola,  chee-ko'lJ.,  a  river  of  Dalmatia,  falls  into  the 
Kerka  11  miles  above  its  mouth  in  the  Adriatic. 

Cidade  do  Recife,  a  city  of  Brazil.    See  Recipe. 

Cidade  dos  Reis,  Brazil.     See  Natal. 

Ciechanow,  tse-d-K4'nov,  a  town  of  Poland,  province 
of  Plock,  14  miles  N.AV.  of  Pultusk,  on  the  Lidinia.    P.  486T. 

Ciechanowiec,  tse-4-Ki-no've-5ts,  a  town  of  Russian 
Poland,  45  miles  S.W.  of  Bialystock,  on  the  Nurzek.  P.  520. 

Ciechanowiec,  a  town  of  Poland,  government  of 
Soovalki,  on  the  Nurzek,  opposite  the  above.     Pop.  2761. 

Ciem-Pozuelos,  Spain.    Sec  Ciex-Pozuelos. 

Cienega,  se-i'ni-gi,  a  post-office  and  mining  locality 
of  Yavapai  co.,  Arizona,  32  miles  E.  of  Prescott.  Hero 
much  gold  was  at  one  time  obtained  by  washing. 

Cienega,  a  station  in  Los  Angeles  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
railroad  from  Los  Angeles  to  Santa  Monica,  6  miles  AV.  of 
Los  Angeles. 

Cienfuegos,  se-6n-fwi'goce,  a  town  of  Cuba,  on  its  S. 
coast,  and  on  the  Bay  of  Jagua.  Lat.  22°  15'  N. ;  Ion.  81°  W. 
It  is  connected  by  railways  with  the  principal  towns  of  the 
island,  and  ships  much  cacao,  sugar,  and  molasses.  It  has 
a  fine  harbor.     Pop.  8000. 

Cien-Pozuelos,  the-5n'-po-thwi'loce,  sometimes 
written  Ciem-Pozuelos,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New 
Castile,  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  2614. 

Cieplice,  tse-i-pleet'si,  a  village  of  Austrian  Galicia, 
30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Przemysl.     Pop.  2849. 

Cierp,  se-aiRp',  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute-Garonne, 
near  Saint-Gaudens.     Pop.  1003. 

Cies,  an  island  of  Spain.     See  Bayoxa. 

Cieszkowice,  tso-a-shko-veet's4,  a  town  of  Austria,  in 
Galicia,  on  the  Biala,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Neu  Sandec.  P.  192U. 

Cieza,  the-i'thi,  a  town  of  Spain,  26  miles  by  rail 
N.AV.  of  Murcia,  near  the  Segura.  Pop.  about  8000.  It 
has  manufactures  of  cloth.  On  the  opposite  side  of  the 
river  are  vestiges  of  a  Roman  town,  supposed  to  bo  Carteia. 

Cifuentes,  the-foo-{n'tfis  or  the-fw5n'tfis,  a  town  of 
Spain,  34  miles  N.E.  of  Guadalajara.     Pop.  1475. 

Cigar'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Clay  township,  at  Clay  Station  on  the  Syracuse  Northern 
Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Syracuse.     It  has  a  church. 

Cigliano,  ohccl-yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont, 
18  miles  A7.  of  Vercelli.     Pop.  5246. 

Cilavegna,  che-l.\-vin'y4,  a  town  of  Italy,  4  miles 
N.E.  of  Mortara.     Pop.  3878, 

Cilicia,  se-lish'e-a,  an  ancient  division  of  Asia  Minor, 
in  the  extreme  S.E.,  now  included  in  the  Turkish  vilayets 
of  Adana  and  Itch-Elec. 

Cilician  Gates,  Asiatic  Turkey.  See  Golek-BoghaZi 


CTL 


892 


CIX 


Cilisa-IIistar,  » tcwn  of  AiU.    Sm  Kii-Hihab. 

CilleroH,  tbeel-jri'roee,  »  town  of  Spain,  in  Eitnoi*- 
dara,  »U  miles  N.N.W.  of  CaoerM.     Pop.  2461. 

Cillf,  Cilii,siriee,or  Ziili  (Qcr.  pron.  of  all,  tsil'lM  ; 
ane.  Cluu'din  Ctle'iat),  a  town  of  Styria,  on  the  Bare,  58 
miles  hj  rail  S.  of  Griits.  It  has  a  gymnasium,  a  high 
•nbooi,  and  tome  trade  in  wine  and  oil.  It  derired  its 
ancient  name  from  the  Roman  emperor  Claudius,  its  re- 
puted founder.     I'op.  4224. 

Cima  del  Montet  Switzerland.    See  Ciavot. 

Cimarroa  (Sp.  for  "  wild"),  or  SeneronCt  see-mf- 
rOn',  a  rirer  wbien  rises  among  the  Raton  Mountains,  near 
the  boundary  between  Colorado  and  New  Mexico.  It  first 
rona  eastward,  and  enters  the  state  of  Kansas  near  its  south- 
western angle.  It  crosses  sereral  times  the  southern  bound- 
ary of  Kansas,  and  passes  into  the  Indian  Territory,  in 
which  it  runs  southeastward  and  eastward  until  it  enters 
the  Arkansas  Rirer  in  that  territory,  near  lat.  30°  KK  N. 
Length,  estimated  at  650  miles.  The  Cimarron  trarersea 
extensive  plains  nearly  destitute  of  forests. 

Cimarron^  a  post-Tillage  in  Foote  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Arkansas  Rirer,  and  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Sant.-\  Fe 
Railroad,  19  miles  W.  of  Dodge  City.  It  has  a  newspaper 
office. 

Cimarron,  a  post-village  of  Colfax  co..  New  Mexico, 
near  a  range  of  high  monnlains,  65  miles  S.  of  El  Moro, 
Col.  It  has  a  church,  a  district  school,  and  gold-mines. 
Pop.  in  1S90,  335. 

CimarnSf  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  QnABtrsA. 

Citnbebasia,  sim-be-bd'she-a,  a  country  on  the  S.W. 
coast  of  Africa,  between  Cape  Frio  and  Walfish  Bay.  The 
coast  is  said  to  be  inhabited  by  the  tribe  of  Cimbebas  (sim- 
bi'bas),  respecting  whom  little  is  known. 

Cimbraes,  islands  of  Scotland.    See  Cumbrat. 

Cimbrisham,  8im'bris-h4m  (anc.  Cimbro'min  Por'- 
tu*t),  a  town  of  Sweden,  33  miles  S.S.E.  of  Christianstad, 
on  the  Baltic.     Pop.  1449.     It  has  an  active  fishery. 

Ciminna,  che-min'n&,  a  town  of  Sicily,  18  miles  S.E. 
of  Palermo.     Pop.  5721. 

Cimitile,  che-me-tee'14,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Caserta,  1  mile  N.  of  Nola.     Pop.  4425. 

Cimmerian  Bosporas.    See  Ybxikalb. 

Cimolis,  or  Cimolos.    See  Argextiera. 

Cimone,  chc-mo'n^  a  mountain  of  Italy,  a  summit  of 
the  Apennines,  on  the  S.  boundary  of  the  province  of  Mo- 
dena.     Lat.  44°  13'  N. ;  Ion.  10°  43'  E.     Height,  6975  feet. 

Cina,  the  Italian  name  of  Chixa. 

Cinaloa,  or  Sinaloa,  sin-^lo'i,  a  state  of  Mexico, 
situated  between  the  Gulf  of  California  and  the  state  of  Du- 
rango,  and  stretching  from  lat.  22°  33'  to  26°  58'  N.,  a  dis- 
tance of  about  220  miles,  and  having  a  general  breadth  of 
about  150  miles.  Area,  36,1S9  square  miles.  The  country 
along  the  coast  is  generally  low  and  flat,  with  a  sandy  soil, 
which  yields  good  crops  of  Indian  com  and  wheat  where 
it  can  be  irrignted.  The  mountains  are  usually  covered 
with  stunted  trees  and  bushes;  but  towards  the  eastern 
frontier  there  are  extensive  forests.  The  rains  commence 
about  the  20th  of  June,  and  last  two  months.  The  greatest 
heat  is  experienced  before  the  rains,  from  the  month  of 
March,  when  the  country  resembles  a  desert.  CapitiU, 
Coliacan.     Pop.  (1882)  201.918. 

Cinaloa,  called  also  Villa  de  San  Felipe  y  San- 
tiago de  Cinaloa,  vee'yi  di  sin  f4-lee'pd  ee  s4n-te- 
4'go  d4  sin-4-lo'i,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  above  state,  on 
a  small  stream,  about  50  miles  from  its  entrance  into  the 
Oulf  of  California,  and  300  miles  N.W.  of  Durango.  Lat. 
22°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  108°  7'  AV.  It  is  a  thriving  place,  with 
gold-washings  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  about  9500. 

Cinca,  theen'ki  (anc.  Cin'ga),  a  river  of  Spain,  rises  in 
a  small  lake  in  the  Pyrenees,  on  the  French  frontier,  and, 
proceeding  S.  through  Aragon,  joins  the  Segre  a  little 
above  its  confluence  with  the  Ebro.     Length,  70  miles. 

Cincinnati,  sin-sin-nah'tee,  a  post-village  of  Wash- 
ington CO.,  Ark.,  80  miles  S.  of  Neosho,  Mo.  It  has  several 
churches,  an  academy,  a  tannery,  and  3  or  4  stores. 

Cincinnati,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  III.,  on  the  Mis- 
sissippi River,  about  12  miles  below  Hannibal,  Mo.  Here 
\i  a  shipping-point. 

Cincinnati,atown8hip  of  Tazewell  co..  111.  It  includes 
a  part  of  Pekin.     Pop.,  exclusive  of  Pekin,  758. 

Cincinnati,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  eo.,  Ind.,  in 
Centre  township,  11  miles  £.  of  Bloomfield.  It  has  a 
church. 

Cincinnati,  a  post-village  of  Appanoose  eo.,  Iowa, 
in  Pleasant  township,  on  the  Burlington  k  Southwestern 
Railroad,  115  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Burlington.  It  has  2 
.ctturcbes. 


Ciaeiaaati,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Iowa,  fte, 
&18.     It  contains  California  Junction. 

CiBCinaati,  a  post-village  of  Ralls  eo.,  Mo.,  10  «{|« 
W.  of  New  London.  It  has  a  church  and  three  gcMral 
stores.     Pop.  100. 

Cincinnati,  sin-sin-nah'tee,  the  metropolis  of  the  Hau 
of  Ohio,  and  the  county  seat  of  Hamilton  co.,  is  on  the  rickt 
or  N.  bank  of  the  Ohio  River,  opposite  the  mouth  of  tki 
Licking.  By  water  it  is  476  miles  from  PitUburg,  Pw^ 
142  mites  from  Louisville,  Ky.,  529  milce  from  Cuiroattk* 
mouth  of  the  Ohio,  708  miles  from  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  l&M 
miles  from  New  Orleans,  La.  It  is,  by  railway,  100  m\\m 
N.  of  Lexington,  Ky.,  120  miles  S.W.  of  Columbus.  0.,  SM 
miles  E.  of  St.  Louis,  270  miles  S.E.  of  Chicago,  III.,  uii 
610  miles  from  Washington  by  the  shortest  railway  Um. 
Lat.  39°  6'  30"  N.;  Ion.  84°  26'  W.  from  Greenwich.  As 
upper  portion  of  the  city  is  540  feet  above  sea-level. 

Cincinnati  is  situated  in  a  valley  about  3  miles  in  dias. 
etcr,  environed  on  the  N.  side  by  a  semicircular  range  of 
hills  rising  400  feet  above  the  river,  while  around  tht 
southern  margin  the  Ohio  sweeps  in  a  grand  curve  tnm 
the  E.  to  the  W.  side  of  the  city.     The  greater  part  of  tb* 
city  is  built  on  two  terraces  or  plains,  the  first  60  and  tk« 
second  112  feet  higher  than  low-water  mark.    The  freat 
margin  of  the  latter,  originally  a  steep  bank,  has  ben 
gnuled  to  a  gentle  declivity,  so  that  the  drainage  of  moefa 
of  the  city  is  made  directly  into  the  river.     The  upper  ter- 
race, comprising  two-thirds  of  the  area  of  the  valley,  Is 
somewhat  undulating  in  its  surface,  but  in  the  main  slopes 
to  the  N.,  and,  at  an  average  distance  of  a  mile,  terminates 
at  the  base  of  the  hills.     The  central  and  business  portions 
of  the  city  are  compactly  built,  and  a  large  proportion  of 
the  entire  valley  is  already  built  up.     The  streets  are  kid 
out  with  much  regularity,  are  about  66  feet  wide,  and  are 
largely  being  paved  with  granite  and  asphalt  pavements; 
the  sidewalks  arc  wiile,  p.ived  with  brick  and  stone,  and  og 
many  streets  lined  with  shade-trees  ;  the  streets  are  all  well 
lighted.     Main  street  runs  nearly  N.  from  the  river,  with 
Broadway,  Sycamore,  Walnut,  Vine,  Race,  Elm,  P" 
tral  Avenue,  ke.,  parallel  with  it.     These  are  int' 
right  angles  by  some  twenty  principal  streets,  nan- 
Second,  Pearl,  Third,  Fourth,  Fifth,  Ac.  The  wholesale  busi- 
ness houses  are  principally  upon  Main,  Walnut,  Vine,  Co- 
lumbia, and  Pearl  streets,  and  the  retiil  stores  upon  Fourth 
and   Fifth   streets  and  Central   Avenue.     There  is  a  fine 
public  landing  or  levee,  about  1000  feet  long  by  an  avenigt 
width  of  425  feet,  along  Front  street  at  the  foot  of  Main 
and  Sycamore  streets  and  Broadway.     The  shore  is  well 
paved  from  low-water  mark,  and  there  are  floating  wharves 
and  wharf-boats  all  along  the  shore-line.     The  city  govern- 
ment is  vested  in  a  mayor,  a  board  of  aldermen,  and  a  city 
council,  consisting  of  two  representatives  from  each  wanl, 
of  which  there  are  25 ;  and  the  city  has  an  efficient  tire 
department,  a  complete  system  of  fire-alarm  telegraph.  ■"^■•' 
an  excellent  police  force.   The  water  is  good  and  the  ti: 
ample.     Cincinnati  is  liberally  provided  with  public  p  . 
of  which  one,  known  as  Bum's  Woods,  comprises  about  : " 
acres,  and  is  well  wooded,  while  another,  the  famous  "  Y.  In 
Park,"  often  styled  "the  Garden  of  Eden,"  has  an  area 
of  about  220  acres,  and  aSbrds  fine  views  of  the  city,  the 
valley  of  the  Ohio,  and  miles  of  surrounding  country.    The 
chief  cemetery,  called  Spring  Grove,  is  noted  as  one  of  the 
most  beautiful  and  picturesque  in  the  West,  and  embraces 
upwards  of  600  acres.     Besides  the  public  parks,  the  peoph 
enjoy  easy  and  cheap  access  to  the  many  be^iutiful  snbnr' 
and  more  distant  villages,  and  the  delightful  and  heaItU 
country  for  many  miles  around,  there  being  14  lines 
omnibuses  and  stages  running  out  to  a  distance  of  tn 
5  to  25  miles,  besides  14  lines  of  street  railway  which  H 
to  all   parts  of  the  city  and  to  the  suburban  villages  \ 
Clifton,  Avondale,  kc.     This  is  a  considerable  advantM 
not  merely  for  transient  trips,  but  as  making  avaiW 
desirable    locations   for   residences :    indeed,  the   growl 
business   of  Cincinnati   is   steadily  taking   possession 
former  dwellings  and  crowding  the  people  out  of  the  A 
tral  and  business  quarters.     There  are  also  numerous  ( 
joyable  driving- roads,  2  fine  bridges,  and  4  ferries  to  t 
Kentucky  shore. 

Among  the  buildings  of  a  more  or  less  public  character  we 
shall  mention  but  a  few  of  the  more  notable.  Coo.spicuoiu 
among  these  is  the  new  Chamber  of  Commerce  structure 
(erected  on  the  site  of  the  old  post-office  building  at  Fourth 
and  Vine  streets),  a  very  remarkable  edifice,  "  challenging 
attention  and  compelling  criticism  to  give  way  to  genuine 
admiration."  A  new  United  States  building,  of  granite, 
in  the  Renaissance  style,  of  large  proportions  (354  feet 
long  by  164  feet  wide,  4  stories  high),  to  meet  the  re- 


eiN 


893 


CIN 


0  remenU  of  the  growing  business  of  Cincinnati,  has 
rijntly  been  completed,  and  is  one  of  the  handsomest 
ijtdings  in  the  West.  The  county  court-house  is  175 
f;  square,  3  stories  high,  in  the  Roman  Corinthian, 
c  iron,  brick,  and  Dayton  stone  :  it  with  its  yard  and 
t  county  jail,  in  its  rear,  150  feet  square,  occupies 
;  entire  square.  The  city  hall  is  205  feet  long  by  52 
j :  wide,  and  is  built  of  brick,  with  little  or  no  architec- 
t  al  character,  but  well  adapted  to  its  purposes.    The  city 

1  rkhouse  and  house  of  correction,  with  farm  attached, 
]  atod  in  Mill  Creek  Valley,  about  3i  miles  from  the 
(  tom-house,  is  515  by  55  feet,  of  brick,  in  the  Romanesque, 
;  1  has  cells  for  700  prisoners,  while  the  farm  includes  26 

es.     The  public  library  building^-or  buildings,  for  there 

■  two,  united  by  a  two-story  corridor — occupies  a  lot  of 

feet  by  190,  and  one  building  is  80  by  45,  the  other  80 

112  feet :  the  style  of  architecture  is  a  modified  Roman- 

,[ue.     The  m.-vsonio  temple  is  a  brick  building  with  free- 

ine  front,  and  is  195  by  100  feet,  4  stories  high,  with  two 

irers  each  140  feet  high,  and  a  spire  180  feet.      Pike's 

era-house  is  134  by  170  feet,  5  stories  high,  the  front  of 

(6  sandstone,  and  is  in  the  Elizabethan  style :  it  is  one  of 

e  finest  edifices  of  the  kind  upon  this  continent.     Mozart 

til  has  an  auditorium  capable  of  seating  3000  persons. 

le  general  hospital  has  an  enclosure  of  about  4  acres,  and 

mprises  8  buildings  grouped  about  a  central  court  with 

rridors;   there  are   beds   for  700    patients.      Cincinnati 

aintains  an  asylum  for  the  insane,  called  the  Longview 

sylum,  about  10  miles  from  the  city ;  the  buildings  are 

{rge  and  commodious,  and  there  is  a  farm  of  110  acres. 

jbere  are  many  other  buildings  that  are  not  unworthy  of 

|>tice,   including   more   than   150   churches,  of  which   a 

jimber  are  very  handsome  specimens  of  a  correct  architect- 

jral  taste:  of  these,  St.  Peter's  cathedral  (Roman  Catholic) 

j  the  finest,  being  a  large  edifice,  200  by  80  feet,  of  Dayton 

mestone,  in  pure  Grecian  style,  with  a  portico  sustained 

jy  10  sandstone  columns,  and  a  graceful  spire,  rising  to 

5  height  of  224  feet;   St.  Paul's  and  St.  John's  churches 

Protestant  Episcopal)  are  rather  quaint,  but  attractive, 

laildings,  the  one  Norman-Gothic,  the  other  severe  Nor- 

iian ;  the  Ninth  street  Baptist,  the  First  Presbyterian,  the 

j'irst  Congregational,  and  St.  Paul's  Methodist  Episcopal 

[burches  are  also  handsome  structures;  while  the  Hebrew 

iynagogue,  in  the  Moorish  style,  and  the  Hebrew  temple, 

n  the  Gothic,  are  notable  edifices.     By  no  means  the  least 

aeritorious  structures  of  Cincinnati,  viewed  merely  as  prod- 

iiicts  of  engineering  skill,  are  its  two  suspension-bridges. 

I   The  Cincinnati  College  is  an  admirable  institution,  with 

U  full,  able  faculty,  and  all  the  requisite  apparatus,  &c.,  of 

U  well-equipped  college  ;  there  are  4  other  colleges  of  a 

jfeneral  character,  6  medical  colleges,  a  dental  college,  a  law 

jjollege,  5  commercial  colleges,  numerous  academics    and 

!chools  of  a  high  grade,  and  a  large  number  of  private 

jichools  for  girls  and  boys  of  all  ages,  besides  a  complete 

ind  efficient  system  of  public  schools,  including  about  40 

I  schools  of  all  grades,  with  more  than  500  teachers  and  from 

30,000  to  40,000  pupils.     Besides  the  public  library,  with 

jiibout  75,000  volumes,  there  are  the  Young  Men's  Mercantile 

iLibrary,  with  35,000  volumes,  and  the  library  of  the  His- 

jtorical  Society.  Cincinnati  has  7  daily  and  33  weekly  papers, 

and  3  semi-monthly  and  27  monthly  periodicals. 

The  location  of  Cincinnati  makes  it  a  centre  of  a  large 
[internal  trade,  and  its  railroad  and  water  connections  render 
ue  of  the  most  important  commercial  centres  of  the 
Eighteen  railroads  and  8  lines  of  packets  connect 
-    -innati  with  all  parts  of  the  country;  there  are  more 
than  350  steamboats,  with  a  tonnage  of  nearly  90,000,  con- 
itantly  plying  between  this  city  and  other  points  on  the 
river.    The  imports  of  Cincinnati  for  1887  amounted  in 
value  to  $269,964,877,  and  the  exports  to  $279,260,068,  and 
both  imports  and  exports  are  steadily  increasing  year  after 
year.      In  manufactures,  too,  Cincinnati  takes  a  leading 
rank  among  Western  cities.     In  1886,  6566  establishments, 
j  occupying  about  forty-six  million  five  hundred  thousand 
dollars'  worth  of  real  estate  and  having  about  seventy-eight 
million  dollars  capital,  employed  98,600  persons,  and  pro- 
duced goods  to  the  value  of  $198,257,029. 

Cincinnati  was  first  settled  at  the  close  of  the  year  1788  ; 
for  some  years  it  did  not  flourish,  and  it  was  not  until  1816 
that  there  appeared  any  probability  of  its  ever  growing  be- 
yond the  proportions  of  a  village.  From  that  time,  when 
navigation  opened  upon  the  Ohio  River,  it  has  grown  with 
great  rapidity.  It  was  incorporated  iis  a  city  in  1819,  and 
the  census  of  1820  showed  a  population  of  9602.  In  1830 
Its  population  was  23,830;  in  1840,  46,338;  in  1850, 
115.438;  in  1860,  171,000;  in  1870,  216,239;  and  in  1880, 
255,139;  in  1890,  296,908. 


Cincinnati,  a  post-office  of  Walker  co.,  Tex.,  on  ths 
Trinity  River,  13  miles  N.  of  Huntsville.  Here  is  a  steam- 
boat-landing. 

Cincinnati  Junction,  a  station  on  the  Louisville  & 
Nashville  and  Cincinnati  &  Lexington  Railroads,  3  miles 
from  Louisville,  Ky.   It  is  called  also  Nashville  Jusctiox. 

Cincinna'tns,  a  post-village  of  Cortland  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Cincinnatus  township,  on  Otselic  River,  12  miles  from 
Marathon,  and  about  30  miles  N.  of  Binghamton.  It  con- 
tains 3  churches  and  the  Cincinnatus  Academy.  Pop.  350; 
of  the  township,  1079.  The  township  has  2  creameries  and 
numerous  dairies. 

Cinco-Senores,  seen'ko-ffin-yo'r5s,  a  town  of  Mexic3, 
state  and  106  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Durango.  It  formed  one 
of  the  mission  settlements  of  the  Jesuits,  and  was  occupied 
by  Indians. 

Ciney,  see^ni',  a  town  of  Belgium,  province  and  15 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Namur.  It  has  manufactures  of  pot. 
tery.     Pop.  2750. 

Cinga,  a  river  of  Spain.    Sec  Cixca. 

Cingalese,  or  Singhalese.    See  Ceylox. 

Cingoli,  chin'go-le,  or  Cingolo,  chin'go-lo  (anc.  Cin' 
ffuliim),  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Marches,  14  miles  W.N.W, 
of  Macerata,  on  the  Musone.     Pop.  12,150. 

Cinigiano,  che-ne-ji'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Grosseto,  28  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Siena.     Pop.  4125. 

Cinisello,  che-ne-sil'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  6  miles  N.  of 
Milan.     Pop.  2665. 

Cinisi,  che-nee'se«,  a  town  of  Sicily,  14  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Palermo,  near  the  coast.     Pop.  6600. 

Cin'nabar,  a  post-office  of  San  Benito  co.,  Cal. 

Cinnamin'son,  or  West'field,  a  post-village  of  Burr 
lington  CO.,  N.J.,  in  Cinnaminson  township,  1  mile  E.  of 
Rivcrton  Station,  which  is  8  miles  N.E.  of  Camden.  It  has 
a  church  and  about  25  dwellings.  The  township  is  bounded 
on  the  N.W.  by  the  Delaware  River.     Pop.  3112. 

Cin'namon  Mountain,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Elk 
Mountains,  in  lat.  39°  N.,  Ion.  107°  2'  W.  Its  altitude  is 
12,600  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Cinq>Mars,  s4>'k'-mau',  a  town  of  France,  in  Indro- 
et-Loire,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Chinon,  near  the  Loire.  It  has 
a  remarkable  square  tower  of  Roman  origin.     Pop.  1980. 

Cinquefrondi,  chin-kwi-fron'dee,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Reggio  di  Calabria,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Palmi. 
Pop.  5601.  It  was  nearly  ruined  by  the  earthquake  of 
1783. 

Cinque  Hommes,  sink  hSm,  a  township  of  Perry  co., 
Mo.     Pop.  2910.     It  includes  Perry  ville. 

Cinque  (sink)  Ports,  seaports  of  England,  namely, 
Dover,  Sandwich,  Hythe,  and  Romney,  on  the  coast  of 
Kent,  and  Rye,  Winchelsea,  and  Hastings,  on  the  coast  of 
Sussex.  Their  number,  as  the  name  imports,  was  originally 
five,  Winchelsea  and  Rye  and  many  subordinate  members 
having  been  subsequently  added.  The  original  Cinque 
Ports  were  created  by  William  the  Conqueror;  the  others 
were  added  before  the  reign  of  Henry  III.  They  were 
endowed  with  various  important  privileges,  in  considera- 
tion of  their  furnishing  a  certain  quota  of  ships  of  war, 
properly  equipped  and  manned,  for  the  king's  use  when 
demanded.  At  present  they  have  a  peculiar  sj'stem  of 
courts,  and  are  under  the  superintendence  of  a  lord  warden, 
who  is  also  governor  of  Dover  Castle. 

Cintegabelle,  sixt'gi'bfill',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Ilaute-Qaronne,  on  the  Arilge,  20  miles  S.  of  Toulouse, 
Pop.  819;  of  commune,  3501. 

Cinti,  or  Zinti,  seen'tee,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  125  miles 
S.  of  Chuquisaca.     Pop.  2000. 

Cintra,  or  Sintra,  sin'tri  or  seen'tri,  a  town  of  Por- 
tugal, in  Estremadura,  14  miles  by  tramway  N.W.  of 
Lisbon,  on  the  slope  of  the  mountain-chain  of  Cintra, 
which  terminates  at  Cape  Roca.  It  is  remarkable  for  the 
picturesque  beauty  of  its  situation  and  for  its  delicious 
climate.  It  has  an  ancient  royal  castle,  and  numerous  villas 
of  the  inhabitants  of  Lisbon.     Pop.  4489. 

Ciutruenigo,  theen-troo-i-nee'go,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Navarre,  14  miles  W.  of  Tudela,  on  the  Albama.    Pop.  2696. 

Ciotat,  or  La  Ciotat,  li  see^o'tA'  (anc.  Ciikaris'ta),  a 
town  of  France,  in  Bouches-du-Rh6ne,  on  the  W.  side  of  a 
bay  in  the  Mediterranean,  14  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Mar- 
seilles. Pop.  8104.  It  is  enclosed  by  old  walls,  is  well 
built,  and  has  a  town  hall,  hospital,  lazaretto,  school  of 
navigation,  a  port  enclosed  by  a  mole,  a  light-house,  ship- 
yards, and  a  brisk  trade  in  dry  fruits,  wine,  and  olive  oil. 

Cipricaglie  Islands.    See  Cervicales. 

Cipro,  the  Italian  for  Cyprus. 

Circseum  Promontorium.    See  Circello. 

Circars,  India.    See  Northern  Circars. 


CIR 


1394 


CIT 


Circastiat  sir-knah'f-ii,  or  Tchcrkossia,  oher-kes'- 
ff<%,a  region  of  the  Western  CnucniiuH,  now  includo<I  in  the 
Russian  governments  of  Kouban  nnJ  Chornoniorsk,  and 
bounded  S.W.  hj  the  Blaolc  Sea  and  N.  by  tlio  rivor  Koobnn. 
It  is  famous  for  the  physical  beauty  of  its  people,  their 
long,  bloody,  and  valorous  wars  with  Russia,  their  custom 
of  selling  tlicir  most  beautiful  girls  to  the  Turks,  and  their 
almost  complete  expatriation,  nearly  all  the  people  having 
voluntarily  migrated  to  Turkey  since  the  conquest  of  Cir- 
oassia  by  the  Russians  (1864),  The  Circassians  profess  Mo- 
hammetlanism.  Their  language  is  of  a  very  peculiar  char- 
acter, and  its  relationships  are  obscure. 

Circello,  chlR-chil'lo,  or  Circeo,  chln-chi'o  (anc. 
Circa'um  Promoiito'n'iim),  a  headland  of  Italy,  on  the  Medi- 
terranean, 12  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Torracina.  Lat.  41°  lit'  N, ; 
Ion.  13°  3'  E.     Height  above  the  sea,  1713  feet. 

Circcsinni)  the  ancient  name  of  Karkissa. 

Circle,  s^r'k'l,  a  post-office  of  Vermilion  oo.,  111. 

Circlcville,  Indiana.     See  Scirclbvillb. 

Circle villc,  sQr'k'1-vII,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tazewell  oo., 
111.,  about  8  miles  S.  of  Pekin. 

Circleville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Kansas  Central  Railroad,  8i  miles  W.N.W.  of  Holton. 
It  h.os  a  church  and  a  seminary. 

Circlevillc,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  and  a 
station  on  the  Middletown  A  Crawford  Railroad,  7  miles  N. 
of  Middletown.     It  has  a  church. 

Circleville,  a  city,  capital  of  Pickaway  co.,  0.,  is  on  the 
left  or  E.  bank  of  the  Scioto  River,  on  the  Ohio  Canal  and 
the  Cincinnati  &  Muskingum  Valley  Railroad,  at  its  junc- 
tion with  the  Norfolk  &  Western  Railroad,  107  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Cincinnati,  28  miles  S.  of  Columbus,  and  20  miles  N.  of 
Chillicothe.  It  derives  its  name  from  a  circular  fortifica- 
tion or  earthwork  raised  here  by  some  ancient  people.  It 
contains  12  churches,  2  union  school  buildings,  3  national 
banks,  a  high  school,  and  several  mills.  Three  newspapers 
are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  6556. 

Circleville,  a  po?t-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  1 
mile  from  Larimer's  Station  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad, 
about  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Circleville,  a  post-village  of  Williamson  co.,  Tex.,  4 
miles  from  Taylorville  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  flour-mill,  and  25  dwellings. 

Circleville,  a  post-office  of  Grand  co.,  Utah. 

Circleville,  a  post-village  of  Pendleton  co.,  W.  Va., 
about  7  miles  W.  of  Franklin.  It  has  a  church,  a  tannery, 
and  2  stores.     Pop.  100. 

Cirencester,  sis'?-t§r  (anc.  Corin'tum),  a  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  and  16  miles  S.E.  of  Gloucester,  on  a  railway,  on 
the  river  Churn,  and  on  a  canal.  It  was  a  town  of  the  ancient 
Britons,  and  occupies  a  portion  of  the  site  of  the  Roman 
town,  the  walls  of  which,  about  2  miles  in  circumference, 
are  still  traceable.  The  principal  buildings  comprise  a 
parish  church  of  the  fifteenth  century,  remains  of  a  very 
ancient  abbey,  hospitals  for  the  poor,  and  a  workhouse. 
Public  institutions,  a  free  grammar-school,  blue-  and  yellow- 
coat  schools,  <tc.  The  principal  manufactures  are  of  carpets, 
woollen  cloths,  and  cutlery.  Near  the  town  is  a  royal  agri- 
cultural college.  Many  Roman  remains  have  been  dis- 
covered in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  4685. 

Cirey,  see'r.^',  a  village  of  France,  in  Meurthe-et-Mo- 
Bellc,  33  miles  E.  of  Nancy.  Pop.  2324.  It  has  glass-works 
and  manufactures  of  mirrors. 

Cirey,  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute-Mame,  12  miles 
S.  of  Vassy,  on  the  Blaise.     Pop.  666. 

Cirie,  seeVee',  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  12  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Turin,  on  a  branch  of  the  Stura.     Pop.  4359. 

Ciro,  chee'ro,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Catanzaro, 
21  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Cotrone,  and  3  miles  from  the 
Mediterranean.  Pop.  5038.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  has  a 
castle,  churches,  a  seminary,  manufactures  of  serge  and 
coarse  linens,  trade  in  manna,  and  an  anchovy-fishery. 

Ciron,  8eoV6v',  a  small  river  of  France,  joins  the  Ga- 
ronne below  Langon. 

Cirta,  the  ancient  name  for  Constantine. 

Cisalpine  (sis-al'pin)  Republic,  a  former  state  in  the 
North  of  Italy,  formed  by  the  French  in  1797  of  parts  of 
Milan,  Mantua,  the  Valtelline,  the  Venetian  territory  S.  and 
W.  of  the  Adige,  Modena,  and  the  N.  part  of  the  Pontifical 
States,  In  1802  it  took  the  name  of  the  Italian  Republic, 
and  in  1805  it  became  part  of  the  kingdom  of  Italy. 

Ciscaucasia,  sls'kaw-ka'zh^-a,  a  name  applied  to  the 
European  portion  of  the  lieutenancy  of  the  Caucasus,  in- 
cluding the  government  of  Stavropol  and  the  Cossack  dis- 
tricts of  Terek  and  Kooban,  to  which  some  authorities  add 
Daghestan,  which,  like  the  other  districts  here  named,  is  on 
the  N.  slope  of  the  Caucasus  range. 


Cisco,  sis'ko,  a  post-village  of  Piatt  co.,  111.,  17  mii^ 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Decatur.     Pop.  about  300. 

Cisco,  a  post-town  and  railway-junction  of  Eastland 
00.,  Tex.,  115  miles  W,  by  S,  of  Fort  Worth.  It  has  5 
churches,  2  banking-houses,  manufactures  of  cotton,  flour 
Ao.,  a  graded  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.    P.  about  SOOo! 

Cisleithania,  sis-li-thA'n^-a,  or  sis-ll-t4'nce-l,  a  des- 
ignation of  the  Austrian  or  W.  part  of  the  empire  of 
Austria-Hungary, — the  kingdom  of  Hungary  being  dis- 
tinguished  as  Transleithnnia,  since  the  river  Leytha  fornu 
a  part  of  the  dividing-lino  between  them.  Cislcithaniii 
oomprises  14  orown-lands  (named  in  the  article  Acstria- 
Hu.NOAnr).  Capital,  Vienna.  Area,  115,014  square  miles 
Pop.  in  1880,  22,144,244;  in  1890,  23,895,413. 

Cis'ne,  or  Cis'uee,  a  post- hamlet  of  Wayne  co..  III. 
10  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Fairfield.  It  has  2  churohes' 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  350. 

Cisoing,  or  Cysoinfr,  sec^zwisa',  a  village  of  France, 
department  of  Nord,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Lille.     Pop.  2405. 

Ciss'na  Park,  a  poi-t-village  of  Iroquois  co..  III.,  25 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Watseka.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  a  tile-fnctory.     Pop.  400. 

Cissos,  the  ancient  name  of  Chesme. 

Cisteaux  (Cistercium),  Franco.    See  CIteaiix. 

Cis'tern,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  Tex.,  21  miles 
W.  of  La  Grange. 

Cisterna,  chis-tiR'n&,  a  village  of  Italy,  8  miles  by 
rail  S.S.E.  of  Velletri.     Pop.  3012. 

Cisterna,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  23  miles  S.E. 
of  Turin.     Pop.  2216. 

Cisterna,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Casorta,  9 
miles  N.E.  of  Naples.     Pop.  1301. 

Cisternino,  chis-tfiit-nee'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Bari,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Monopoli.     Pop.  5459. 

Cistridres,  sees'tre-aiR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ilauto- 
Loire,  11  miles  E.  of  Brioude.     Pop.  1050. 

Citara,  che-tA'ri,  or  Cetara,  chi-ti'ri,  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  of  Salerno,  on  the  Gulf  of  Salerno,  3i  miles 
S.W.  of  the  city  of  Salerno.     Pop.  2555. 

Citara,  se-ti'ri,  or  Quibdo,  keeb'do,  a  town  of  the 
United  States  of  Colombia,  on  the  Atrato,  80  miles  S.W.  of 
Antioquia.     Pop.  3000. 

Citeaux,  seeHo',  formerly  Cisteanx  (L.  Ciiter'cium), 
a  hamlet  of  France,  in  C6te-d'0r,  14  miles  N.E,  of  Boaune, 
on  the  Vouge.  It  was  the  seat  of  the  monastery  of  Cttcaux, 
the  buildings  of  which  still  attest  its  former  magnificence. 
The  monastic  order  of  Cistercians  was  founded  here  in  lU'JS, 
Its  buildings  are  now  occupied  by  a  boys'  reform-school. 

Cithicron  (sith-ce'r^n ;  Gr.  Kitaiputv),  now  Elatea, 
el-i-tee'i,  a  famous  mountain  of  Greece,  on  the  boundary 
between  Attica  and  Bujotia.     Height,  4620  feet. 

Citium,  an  ancient  name  for  Chiti. 

Cit'ra,  a  post  village  of  Marion  co.,  Fla.,  12  miles  by 
rail  N.  by  E.  of  Ocala.  It  has  4  churches,  and  separate 
common  schools  for  white  and  colored.     Pop.  300. 

Citronelle,  slt'ro-nel',  a  post-village  of  Mobile  co., 
Ala.,  33  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Mobile.  It  has  4  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  rosin  and  turpentine. 

Cittadella,  chit-ti-dil'li,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  14 
miles  N.E.  of  Vicenza,  on  the  Brentella.  Pop.  8505,  partlj 
engaged  in  paper-  and  woollen-factories.  It  has  hospitals, 
elementary  schools,  and  a  theatre. 

Citta  della  Pieve,  chit-ti'  dSl'li  pe-A'v4,  a  town 
of  Italy,  in  Umbria,  23  miles  W.S.W.  of  Perugia.  It  is  a 
bishop's  see,  and  was  the  birthplace  of  Perugino.     P.  6504, 

Citta  di  Castello,  chit-ti'  dee  kis-tfil'lo,  or  sinijilj 
Castello  (anc.  Tiberi'nnm),  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Umbria, 
about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Perugia,  on  the  Tiber,  Pop.  0090, 
It  has  a  cathedral,  a  hospital,  a  seminary,  many  ecclcs'ia.atical 
buildings,  manufactures  of  silk  twist,  and  several  tine  old 
palaces.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Citta  Ducale,  lUily.    See  Civita  Ducale. 

Cittanova,  chit'tl-no'vi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Reggio  di  Calabria,  near  Palmi,     Pop.  12,177. 

Citta  Nuova,  chit-t4'  noo-o'va,  a  town  of  Austro- 
Hungary,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Triest,  on  the  Adriatic.    P,  1400 

Citta  Nuova,  chit-ti'  noo-o'vi,  a  town  of  Albania,  3( 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Ochrida,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Drin. 

Citta  Vecchia,  chit-ti'  v6k'ke-d,  or  JSotabile,  no- 
ti'be-li,  a  city  of  Malta,  near  the  centre  of  the  island,  ( 
miles  W.  of  Vnletta.  It  stands  on  a  limestone  hill,  in  wliicb 
extensive  catacombs  have  been  excavated  at  a  remote  period 
The  cathedral  is  a  largo  and  handsome  edifice,  from  whicb 
a  view  of  the  whole  island  is  obtained.  Citta  Vecchia,  whiU 
in  possession  of  the  Saracens,  was  called  Medina  (m4-dee'' 
ni),  and  while  in  that  of  the  Aragonese,  Notabile.  It  ii 
strongly  fortified.     Pop,  22,182. 


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Citta  Vecchia,  a  seaport  on  the  island  of  Lesina,  in 

)almatia,  23  miles  S.  of  Spalato.     Pop.  2772. 

Cit'y>  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Amenia 
ownship,  3  miles  from  Shekomeko  Railroad  Station.  It 
^as  a  church. 

I  City  Bluff,  a  post-bamlet  of  Nodaway  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Iffodaway  River,  16  miles  N.AV.  of  Maryville. 
I  City  Farm,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg  <fc  Connellsville 
Railroad,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg,  Pa. 
I  City  Island,  i'land,  a  post-village  of  Westchester  co., 
LY.,  in  Pelham  township,  on  an  islet  near  the  W.  end  of 
jong  Island  Sound,  li  miles  from  Bartow  Station,  and  11 
iiiles  from  New  York.  It  has  2  churches.  It  is  mainly 
upported  by  ship-building  and  the  oyster-trade.    Pop.  900. 

fCity  Line,  a  station  on  the  North  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
oad,  6  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
City  Mills,  Massachusetts.     See  Franklin  City. 
I  City  Point,  a  post-bamlet  of  Brevard  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
ndian  River,  15  miles  S.  of  Titusville.    It  is  in  an  orange- 
trowing  district. 

I  City  Point,  a  village  of  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  on  Penobscot 
ay,  2  miles  N.  of  Belfast.  It  is,  however,  within  the  limits 
if  that  city.  Granite  is  shipped  here. 
City  Point,  Mo.  See  East  Leavenworth. 
City  Point,  a  post-village  of  Prijjce  George  co.,  Va.,  on 
[James  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Appomattox,  about  40 
iles  below  Richmond,  and  9  miles  N.E.  of  Petersburg, 
iwith  which  it  is  connected  by  a  railroad.  It  is  the  head  of 
[navigation  for  the  largest  steamboats  and  for  heavy  ship- 
iping.  It  has  3  churches,  a  steam-mill,  a  shuck-factory,  a 
jnotel,  several  stores,  and  about  50  houses.  Cotton,  tobacco, 
(flour,  oil,  and  timber  are  exported  from  this  place.  Here  is 
|a  fine  national  cemetery.  Pop.  in  1890,  409. 
(  City  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Wis.,  36 
miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Black  River  Falls.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  barrel-factory.     Pop.  150. 

City  Rock,  a  post-ofhce  of  Stone  co..  Ark. 
Ciudad  Bolivar,  Venezuela.    See  Angostoka. 
Ciudad  de  Las  Casas.    See  San  Cristobal. 
Ciudadela,  se-oo-di-d.\'li,  a  seaport  of  Minorca,  on  its 
j  W.  coast,  25  miles  W.  of  Port  Mahon.     It  was  formerly 
j  the  capital  of  the  island,  and  retains  portions  of  its  ancient 
I  walls.     It  manufactures  and  exports  many  shoes.     P.  5726. 
I     Ciudad  Imperial,  a  former  name  of  Coban. 
[     Ciudad  Real,  the-oo-nlD'  r4-S,l',  a  walled  city  of  Spain, 
1  capital  of  the  province,  97  miles  S.of  Madrid,  on  a  railway, 
!  between  the  Guadiana  and  the  Jabalon.     It  has  a  large  hos- 
:  pital,  6  monasteries,  and  3  nunneries,  with  several  schools. 
j  Chief  commerce  in  wine,  fruits,  oil,  and  mules.     It  was  the 
I  headquarters  of  the  Santa  Hermandad,  or  "holy  brother- 
I  hood,"  founded  in  1249  for  the  suppression  of  highway-rob- 
1  bery.     It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  11,684. 
;      Ciudad  Real,  a  province  of  Spain,  nearly  identical 
with  the  old  province  of  La  Mancha.     Area,  7543  square 
miles.     It  is  now  attached  to  the  captain-generaloy  of  New 
Castile.     Capital,  Ciudad  Real.     Pop.  in  1887,  292,291. 
Ciudad  Real,  a  town  of  Mexico.    See  San  Cristobal. 
Ciudad  Rodrigo,  the-oo-Dio'  ro-dree'go,  a  city  of 
:   8p.iin,  44  miles  S.W.  of  Salamanca,  near  the  Agueda,  here 
j   crossed  by  a  bridge  of  7  arches.     Pop.  5730.     Chief  edifices, 
a  large  square  citadel,  a  Gothic  cathedral  of  the  twelfth 
!    century,  and  2  other  churches.     It  was  taken  by  the  French 
I    in  1810,  and  by  the  Duke  of  Wellington  in  1812.     It  has 
i    manufactures  of  leather,  linen,  and  soap. 

Ciudad  Victoria,  Mexico.    See  Nuevo  Santander. 
;        Civeh,  see'v^h,  a  village  of  Africa,  on  the  Senegal. 
Lat.  15°  46'  N.;   Ion.  about  13°  W.      It  has  a  low  but 
beautifully  verdant  site,  amid  a  natural  forest. 

Ci'ver,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  111.,  on  the  Toledo, 
Peoria  &  Warsaw  Railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Canton.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  coal-mine. 

Civczzano,  che-v5t-si'no,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Tyrol, 
6  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Trent.     It  has  silk-works.     Pop.  953. 

Cividale,  che-ve-di'li  (anc.  Fo'rum  Ju'lii),  a  town  of 
Italy,  in  Friuli,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Udine,  on  the  Natisone. 
It  has  interesting  Roman  remains.     Pop.  8238. 

Cividate,che-ve-d4,'ti,  a  villagoof  Italy,  in  Lombardy, 
13J  miles  S.E.  of  Bergamo.     Pop.  2263. 

Civ'il  Bend,  a  post-hamlet  of  Daviess  co.,  Mo.,  1  mile 
from  Grand  River,  and  5  miles  S.  of  Pattonsburg.  It  has 
I  churches.     Pop.  about  100. 

Civita,  chee've-tS,,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Cosenza, 
8i  miles  N.  of  Cassano.     Pop.  2157. 

Civita  Borella,  chee've-ti  bo-r41'li,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Chieti,  22  miles  S.  of  Lanciuno. 

Civita  Camporano,chee've-t&  kim-po-rl'no,  a  town 
of  Italy,  province  and  16  miles  N.  of  Campobasso.    P.  2111. 


Civita  Castellana,  cheo've-lS,  kS,s-t61-li'n4,  a  town 
of  Italy,  19  miles  S.E.  of  Viterbo.  Close  to  it  are  remains 
of  the  ancient  Falerium,  with  some  sepulchral  chamber?, 
(fee,  and  4  miles  distant  are  those  of  Falerii.  The  latter 
ruins  present  the  most  extraordinary  specimen  extant  of 
ancient  military  architecture.  The  walls,  towers,  and  sev- 
eral gateways  are  tolerably  perfect,  and  within  the  area  are 
remains  of  an  ancient  theatre  and  of  a  church  of  the  twelfth 
century.     Civita  Castellana  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  4199. 

Civita  di  Penne,  cheo've-tS,  dee  pdn'ni,  called  also 
Penne  (anc.  Pinna),  a  city  of  Italy,  province  and  23 
miles  S.E.  of  Teramo.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  me- 
dicinal springs  and  interesting  antiquities.     Pop.  9838. 

Civita  Ducale,  chee've-ti  doo-ki'li,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Aquila,  on  the  Velino,  5  miles  E.  of  Rieti.  Pop. 
4086.  It  owes  its  name  to  having  been  founded  by  the 
Norman  king  Robert  of  Sicily  while  Duke  of  Calabria. 

Civita  Lavigna,  chee've-ti  li-veen'yi,  a  town  of 
Italy,  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rome.  It  comprises  the  site  of 
the  ancient  Lanu'vhim,  and  has  Roman  ruins  and  antiqui- 
ties.    Pop.  800. 

Civita  Nuova,  chee'vo-tS,  noo-o'vS,,  a  town  of  Italy,  12 
miles  E.  of  Macerata,  near  the  Adriatic.  Pop.  2271.  It  haa 
a  port  (Porto  Civita  Nuova)  and  a  railway  station. 

Civita  Nuova,  a  small  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Campobasso,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Isernia.     Pop.  3534. 

Civitaquana,  chee'vo-ti-kwi'na,,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Teramo,  in  a  valley,  9  miles  S.  of  Civita,  di 
Penne.     Pop.  2239. 

Civita  Reale,  ebce've-ti  rJ,-.\'ld,  a  town  of  Italy,  19 
miles  N.E.  of  Civita  Ducale.     Pop.  1440. 

Civita  Sant'  Angelo,  chce've-ti  sint-in'jA-lo,  a  town 
of  Italy,  province  of  Teramo,  near  the  Adriatic,  9  miles  N.E. 
of  Civita  di  Penne.  Pop.  6578.  It  has  an  active  trade  in 
grain,  wine,  and  oil. 

Civitas  Aquensis  (or  Akcnsis).    See  Dax. 

Civitas  Aurelia  Aquensis,  ancient  name  of  Baden. 

Civitas  Lactoratium,  ancient  name  of  Lectoure. 

Civitas  Nerviorum,  ancient  name  of  Tourxat. 

Civita  Vecchia,  chee've-ti  vfik'ke-i  (anc.  Cen'tum 
Cel'lse  and  Traja'mia  Por'tus),  a  seaport  city  of  Italy,  on 
the  Mediterranean,  38  miles  by  rail  AV.N.W.  of  Rome. 
Pop.  11,640.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls  and  well  built.  Chief 
edifices,  the  convents  and  churches,  theatre,  lazaretto, 
arsenal,  building-docks,  warehouses,  and  prison.  The  port, 
which  owes  its  origin  to  the  emperor  Trajan,  is  one  of  the 
bo?t  in  Central  Italy.  Two  large  moles  form  the  harbor, 
and  a  breakwater  outside  protects  the  shipping  from  heavy 
seas;  a  light-house  is  erected  on  its  S.  end.  The  harbor 
has  depth  of  water  for  vessels  of  400  or  600  tons,  and  ships 
of  greater  draught  may  anchor  inside  the  breakwater. 
Civita  Vecchia  has  regular  steam  communication  with  tho 
chief  Mediterranean  ports.  It  was  captured  by  Totila,  and 
retaken  by  Narses  in  653.  Since  that  period  it  has  been 
frequently  taken,  destroyed,  and  rebuilt.  Its  fortress  was 
begun  in  1612  by  Julius  II.,  from  designs  by  Michael 
Angelo.  Its  imports  consist  mainly  of  woven  goods,  salt 
provisions,  wines  and  spirits,  colonial  produce,  haberdash- 
ery, salt,  and  drugs ;  its  exports,  of  staves,  wheat,  alum, 
cheese,  skins,  bark,  Ac. 

Civitella,  che-ve-tSl'li,  a  town  of  Central  Italy,  in  tho 
province  of  Arezzo.     Pop.  5411. 

Civitella,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  16  miles  S. 
of  Forli.     Pop.  4383. 

Civitella  Casanuova,  che-ve-t5ri3,  k3,^siV-noo-o'vi, 
a  market-town  of  Italy,  province  of  Teramo,  7  miles  S.S.W . 
of  Civita  di  Penne.     Pop.  4511. 

Civitella  del  Tronto,  ohe-ve-tfil'li  dJl  tron'to,  a 
town  of  Italy,  province  and  10  miles  N.  of  Teramo,  strongly 
posted  on  a  rock,  crowned  by  a  castle.  It  has  a  collegiate 
church,  3  convents,  and  a  hospital.     Pop.  7227. 

Civo,  chee'vo,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  province  and 
14  miles  E.  of  Sondrio,  near  the  Adda.     Pop.  1893. 

Civray,  seeVrA',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vienne,  on  the 
Charente,  30  miles  S.  of  Poitiers,  with  2210  inhabitants,  a 
very  old  church,  a  castle,  manufactures  of  woollen  fabrics, 
and  a  trade  in  corn,  chestnuts,  truffles,  <tc. 

Clachan,  kllK'an,  a  post- village  in  Elgin  co.,  Ontario, 
6  miles  E.  of  Bothwell.     Pop.  100. 

Clachnaharry,  klaK-na-hir'ree,  a  village  of  Scotland, 
CO.  and  1^  miles  W.S.W,  of  Inverness,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Caledonian  Canal.  It  was  the  scene  of  a  bloody  feudal 
battle  in  the  fourteenth  century. 

Clack'amas,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Oregon, 
has  an  area  of  about  1650  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  tho  Cascade  range  of  mountains,  is  intersected  by 
the  Willamette  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Clackamttl 


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»nd  Molalla  RiTora.  The  lurfaoe  is  partly  mountainous, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  of  the  val- 
leys is  fertile  and  adapted  to  pasturage.  Wheat,  oats,  grass, 
potatoes,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  traversed 
by  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Oregon  City. 
Pop.  in  1870,  6993;  in  1880,  9260;  in  1890,  16,23a. 

CiackamaSf  a  po8t-villago  of  Clackamas  co.,  Oregon, 
on  or  near  the  Willamette  Kiver,  II  miles  by  rail  S.  of 
,  Portland.  It  has  3  church  organizations,  a  graded  public 
|MbooI,  a  saw-mill,  a  chop-  and  lumber-mill,  and  several 
general  stores  and  other  business  houses.     Pop.  300. 

Clackamas  River,  Oregon,  rises  on  the  west  slope  of 
the  Cascade  Range,  runs  northwestward  through  the  mid- 
dle of  CInckamas  co.,  and  enters  the  Willamette  River  about 
12  miles  above  Portland.  It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 
I  Clackmannan,  kl&k-man'nan,  or  Clfickman'nan> 
shire,  the  smallest  county  of  Scotland,  having  S.  the  river 
Forth,  and  on  other  sides  the  counties  of  Perth,  Stirling, 
and  Fife.  Area,  60  square  miles.  It  consists  chiefly  of  the 
Talley  of  the  Devon,  along  which  river  are  rich  and  well- 
cultivated  lands,  on  which  largo  crops  are  raised.  In  the 
N.  the  county  extends  to  the  Ochil  Hills.  Mineral  products 
consist  of  ironstone,  sandstone,  and  greenstone,  with  coal 
shipped  in  considerable  quantities  from  Alloa.  This  county 
comprises  only  4  parishes.  Towns.  Clackmannan,  Alloa, 
Tillicoultry,  and  Dollar.     Pop.  23,747. 

Clackmannan,  a  town  of  Scotland,  capital  of  the 
above  county,  on  the  Devon,  near  its  confluence  with  the 
Forth,  7  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Stirling.     Pop.  1309. 

Claddagh,  klad'dan,  a  suburb  of  Galway  in  Ireland. 

Claflin,  a  post-village  of  Barton  co.,  Kansas,  23  miles 
by  mil  N.E.  of  Great  Bend.  It  has  a  church  organization, 
a  bank,  a  newspaper  oiSce,  and  a  public  school.     Pop.  200. 

Clagenfurth,  a  town  of  Illyria.     See  KLAGBNFunTH. 

Clag'gan  Bay,  Ireland,  co.  of  Galway,  is  about  3  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Innisboffin,  and  extends  inland  for  2|  miles. 

Clag'gett's  Station,  in  Washington  co.,  Md.,  is  on 
the  Washington  County  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Kailroad,  18  miles  S.  of  Hagerstown. 

Claiborne,  kla'biirn,  a  parish  in  the  N.  part  of  Louisi- 
ana, has  an  area  of  about  800  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Bayou  d'Arbonne  and  its  Middle  Fork.  The  surface 
is  undulating  and  mostly  covered  with  forests.  It  had  in 
1870  323,266  acres  of  woodland.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cot- 
ton, Indian  corn,  pork,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products. 
Capital,  Homer.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,240 ;  in  1880,  18,837 ;  in 
1890,  23,312. 

Claiborne,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Mississippi, 
has  an  area  of  about  660  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.W.  by  the  Mississippi  River  and  the  Big  Black,  which 
enters  the  former  on  the  border  of  this  county.  It  is  also 
intersected  by  Bayou  Pierre.  The  surface  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian 
corn  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Louis- 
ville, New  Orleans  A  Texas  Railroad.  Capital,  Port  Gibson. 
Pop.  in  1870,  13,386;  in  1880,  16,768;  in  1890,  14,516. 

Claiborne,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  East  Tennessee, 
has  an  area  of  about  370  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.E.  by  Clinch  River,  and  intersected  by  Powell's  River. 
The  Cumberland  Mountain  extends  along  the  N.W.  border 
of  this  county,  the  surface  of  which  is  partly  mountainous 
and  mostly  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  in  some  parts  is 
fertile.  Indian  com,  oats,  grass,  &c.,  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Iron,  lead,  and  zinc  are  found  here.  It  is  intersected 
from  N.  to  S.  by  the  Knoxvillo,  Cumberland  Gap  &  Louis- 
ville Railroad.  Capital,  Tazewell.  Pop.  in  1870,  9321 ;  in 
1880,  13,373;  in  1890,  15,103. 

Claiborne,  a  post- village  of  Monroe  co.,  Ala.,  on  Ala- 
bama River,  80  miles  S.S.W.  of  Selma.    It  has  2  churches. 

Claiborne,  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  Ohio,  17  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Marion,  and  10  miles  (direct)  N.  of  Marys- 
ville.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  200. 

Clain,  kl4N»  (ano.  Gla'nis  or  Oly'tU  f),  a  small  river  of 
France,  joins  the  Vienne  3  miles  below  ChUtellorault. 
Length,  60  miles. 

Clairac,  kli^rik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Lot-et-Qaronne, 
on  the  Lot,  16  miles  N.W,  of  Agen.  It  has  paper-mills, 
and  a  brisk  traffic  in  white  wines,  prunes,  and  rural  prod- 
uce.    Pop.  2388. 

Clairac,  a  village  of  France,  in  Hfirault,  20  miles  N.W. 
of  B^ziers. 

Claircgoutte,  klain^goot',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute- 
BaSne,  8  miles  E.  of  Lure,  with  manufactures  of  cotton  and 
kirschwasser.     Pop.  684. 

Clair'field,  a  post-office  of  Claiborne  co.,  Tenn. 

Clair'mont,  a  village  in  the  former  township  of  West 
Farms,  now  a  part  of  New  York  City.    Fop.  158. 


Clairmont,'or  CIcarmont,  Ontario.    See  Bunroni 

Clair  Mount,  a  pnst-villago  in  Cumberland  co..  Nor 
Scotia,  4  miles  from  River  I'hilip.     Pop.  104. 

Clairvaux,  klain'vO'  (L.  Cia'ra-Val'lit),n,  hnmlc 
France,  department  of  Aube,  33  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  'ir. 
Its  celebrated  abbey  was  founded  in  1114  by  St.  lieu 
The  monks  wore  Cistercians  (see  CIteaiix).  It  is  now  ti 
formed  into  a  groat  prison  or  house  of  detention.    Pop.  I 

Clairvaux,  klair'vO',  or  Saint  Placide,  pia-sted', ; 
post-village  in  Charlevoix  co.,  Quebec,  9  miles  N.W.  of  St 
Paul's  Bay.     Pop.  400. 

ClairView',apo8t-villageof  Wayne  CO.,  Mich.,  10  luilei 
N.E.  of  Detroit.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  convent.    P.  &0U 

Clairville,    Ontario.     See    North    Lancaster,  kul 

HUMBBR. 

Claix,  or  Clais,  k1&,  a  town  of  France,  in  Isdre,  ( 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Grenoble.     Pop.  1738. 

Clal'lani,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Washington 
has  an  area  of  about  1700  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  ot 
the  W.  by  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  on  the  N.  by  the  Strai 
of  Juan  de  Fuca.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  extensivcij 
covered  with  forests.  Mount  Olympus,  situated  on  the  8 
border  of  this  county,  is  8138  feet  high.  The  surface  i 
drained  by  the  Quillayute  and  numerous  other  rivers.  Tbi 
soil  produces  wheat,  oats,  barley,  and  hay.  Capital,  Nc» 
Dungeness.    Pop.  in  1870,  408 ;  in  1880,  638  ;  in  1 890,  2771 

Clamart,  km^uaa',  a  village  of  France,  5  miles  by  rai 
S.W.  of  Paris.     Pop.  2939. 

Clamecy,  klim'scc',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nifivre,  a 
the  confluence  of  the  Yonne  and  Beuvron,  40  miles  N.N.F 
of  Nevers.  Pop.  6616.  It  has  several  Gothic  churchw 
a  fine  modern  chateau,  manufactures  of  earthenwares,  jmpei 
and  leather,  and  an  active  trade  in  fuel.  It  is  a  railwa 
terminus,  and  has  remains  of  an  old  fortress  and  walls. 

Clam  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co..  Wis.,  on  Clai 
River,  22  miles  N.  of  Clayton.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Clam  Ilar'bor,  a  settlement  in  Quysborough  co.,  Nov 
Scotia,  on  the  Gut  of  Canso,  10  miles  N.  of  Guysborougl 
Pop.  100. 

Clam  Lake,  a  village  of  Michigan.    Sec  Cadillac. 

Clam  Lake,  township,  Wexford  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  104' 

Clam  River,  Michigan,  rises  in  a  lake  in  Wexford  co 
runs  southeastward  through  Missaukee  co.,  and  enters  tb 
Muskegon  River  in  Clair  co. 

Clam  Union,  a  township  of  Missaukee  co..  Mid 
Pop.  117.     It  contains  Falmouth. 

Clan'cey,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  JefTcrso 
CO.,  Montana,  about  12  miles  S.  of  Helena.  It  has  a  silvei 
mine,  4  saw-mills,  a  silver-mill,  and  2  stores. 

Clane,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kildare,  on  the  Lilfe; 
here  crossed  by  a  six-arched  bridge,  17  miles  W.S.W.  o 
Dublin.  Here  are  the  remains  of  an  abbey  founded  in  541 
of  a  Franciscan  priory  of  the  thirteenth  century,  a  mine 
castle,  and  an  ancient  earthwork.     Pop.  266. 

Clanis,  a  river  of  Italy.    See  Ciiiana. 

Clanis,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  the  river  Clah 

Clan'ton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Chilton  co.,  Ala 
about  45  miles  N.W.  of  Montgomery,  on  the  South  <t  Nort 
Alabama  Railroad.  It  has  a  court-house,  2  churches, 
newspaper  office,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Clanton,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa. 

Clapham,  klap'am,  a  parish  and  suburb  of  Londoi 
England,  in  Surrey,  4  miles  S.S.W.  of  St.  Paul's,  Numei 
ous  railways  centre  here.     Pop.  in  1871,  27,347. 

Clapham,  a  post- village  in  Megantic  co.,  Quebec,  i 
miles  S.E.  of  Becancour  Station.     Pop.  100. 

Clap'per,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co..  Mo.,  on  tl 
Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  31  miles  W.S.W.  « 
Hannibal. 

Clap'perton,  an  island  in  the  Arctic  Ocean.  Lat.  6{ 
42'  N.;  Ion.  123°  15'  W. 

Clap's  Island,  a  small  island  in  the  Malay  Arch! 
pelngo,  on  the  equator ;  Ion.  98°  E. 

Clap'ville,a  hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  li  miles  froi 
Tryonville  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Claquato,  kli-kwah'to,  a  post-village  of  Lewis  co 
Washington,  on  the  Chehalis  River,  33  miles  S.  by  W.  froi 
Olympia,  and  3i  miles  from  Nowaukum.  It  has  a  churo 
and  manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber.     Pop.  147. 

Clara,  an  island  of  Ireland.     See  Clark. 

Clara,  kl&'ri,  one  of  the  Mergui  Islands,  ofi°  the  coat 
of  Tenasserim. 

Clara,  kli'ra,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  King's  co.,  8  mil* 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Tullamore.     Pop.  996. 

Clara,  kli'ri,  called  also  Villa  (ved'yA)  Clara,  an 
Santa  Clara,  a  town  of  Cuba,  about  30  miles  by  ra 
N.E.  of  Cienfuegos.     Pop.  6132. 


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Clar'a,  a  post-township  of  Potter  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  195. 

Clara  City,  a  post-village  of  Chippewa  co.,  Minn.,  14 
niles  by  rail  N.B.  of  Granite  Falls.     It  has  3  churches. 

Clar'an  Bridge,  a  village  of  Ireland,  8  miles  S.E.  of 
3alway.     Pop.  200. 

Clara  Vallis,  an  ancient  name  of  Clairvaux. 

Clare,  a  river  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Galway,  runs  S.  for  32 
niles,  and  enters  Lough  Corrib  3  miles  N.  of  Galway. 

Clare,  or  Clara,  an  island  off  the  W.  coast  of  Ireland, 
30.  of  Mayo,  at  the  entrance  of  Clew  Bay.  Length,  4i  miles. 
Westport  is  a  village  on  its  E.  coast. 

Clare,  a  county  of  Ireland,  in  Munster,  having  AV.  the 

tlantJB,  and  landward  the  counties  of  Galway,  Tipperary, 
,nd  Limerick,  it  being  separated  from  the  two  latter  by 
rough  Derg  and  the  river  Shannon.     Area,  1294  square 

iles.  Surface  mostly  hilly,  with  some  tracts  of  level  land; 
icoast  precipitous.  Principal  rivers,  the  Fergus  and  its 
laJISuents.  Small  lakes  arc  numerous.  Soil  fertile  in  the 
lowlands.  The  fisheries  are  important;  manufactures  are 
only  of  linens,  hosiery,  flannels,  and  friezes  for  home  con- 
sumption. Chief  towns,  Ennis,  the  capital,  Kilrush,  En- 
nistyraun,  and  a  part  of  Killaloe.  Exclusive  of  Ennis,  the 
county  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Be- 
sides numerous  ecclesiastical  remains,  Clare  co.  is  reported 
to  contain  118  ancient  baronial  castles.  Capital,  Ennis. 
Pop.  in  1881,  141,457;  in  1891,  123,859. 

Clare,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  the  above  county,  on  the 
I  Fergus,  here  crossed  by  a  stone  bridge,  2  miles  by  rail 
E.S.E.  of  Ennis.  It  contains  an  old  castle,  now  an  infantry 
i  barrack.  Its  quay  is  inadequate  for  its  commerce.  It  ex- 
ports corn,  meal,  flour,  <fec.  About  1  mile  southward  are 
the  remains  of  Clare  Abbey.     Pop.  876. 

Clare,  or  Clare-Morris,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Mayo,  15  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Castlebar.     Pop.  1103. 

Clare,  a  town  of  England,  in  Suffolk,  on  the  Stour, 
about  18  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Bury  St.  Edmunds.  Pop. 
of  parish,  1887. 

Clare,  a  wapentake  or  division  of  the  county  of  York, 
West  Riding,  England,  comprising  29  parishes,  with  the 
towns  of  Ripon,  Knaresborough,  Otley,  <fec. 

Clare,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Michigan,  has 
an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Muskegon 
River,  and  also  drained  by  Tobacco  River.  The  surface  is 
undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  extensively  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Flint  <fc  Pere  Marquette  Railroad.  Capital,  Harrison.  Pine 
timber  abounds  here.  Pop.  in  1870,  366;  in  1880,  4187; 
in  1890,  7558. 

Clare,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  Ind.,  6  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  Noblesville.    It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  general  store. 

Clare,  a  post-village  of  Clare  co.,  Mich.,  17  miles  by 
rail  S.  by  E.  of  Harrison.  It  has  a  money-order  post- 
office,  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  cigar-factory,  a  foundry,  a  flour-mill,  and  manu- 
factures of  lumber,  shingles,  and  broom-handles.  Pop. 
1174. 

Clare,  a  post-village  and  parish  in  Digby  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  St.  Mary's  Bay,  33  miles  S.  W.  of  Digby.    P.  1877. 

Claremont,    See  Cleakmont. 

Claremont,  klair'mont,  a  post-village  of  Kit  Carson 
CO.,  Col.,  18  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Burlington.  It  has  2  church 
organizations,  a  public  school,  <fec.     Pop.  100. 

Claremont,  a  post-village  of  Richland  co.,  111.,  6  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Olney.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  212. 

Claremont,  a  station  in  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  3  miles  from  Baltimore. 

Claremont,  a  post-village  of  Dodge  co.,  Minn.,  12 
miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.E.  of  Owatonna,  and  12  miles  W.  by 
S.  of  Mantorville.  It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop. 
about  200  ;  of  the  township,  704. 

Claremont,  klair'mont,  or  kl&'r?-mont,  a  beautiful 
post-village  of  Claremont  township,  Sullivan  co.,  N.H.,  on 
the  Concord  &  Claremont  Railroad,  and  on  Sugar  River,  65 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Concord,  and  3  or  4  miles  E.  of  the  Con- 
necticut River,  and  bounded  on  the  \Y.  by  the  Connecticut 
River.  It  contains  6  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  savings- 
bank,  a  liberally  endowed  institution  called  the  Stevens 
High  School,  a  public  library,  3  cotton-mills,  and  several 
manufactories  of  paper,  woollen  goods,  and  other  articles. 
The  river  falls  here  150  feet  in  the  course  of  a  mile,  and 
affords  groat  water-power.  It  has  printing-offices  which  issue 
3  weekly  newspapers.  The  Sullivan  Railroad  passes  through 
the  AV.  part  of  the  township.     P.  of  township  (1890),  6665. 

Claremont,  a  station  in  Jersey  City,  N.J.,  on  the  Cen- 
tral Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  3  miles  from  the  initial  station. 

Claremont,  a  station  on  the  Western  Pennsylvania 
K&ilroad,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Alleghany  City,  Pa. 


Claremont,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sumter  co.,  S.C,  8  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Camden  Junction. 

Claremont,  a  post-village  of  Brown  co.,  S.D.,  28  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Aberdeen.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  a 
graded  school,  an  elevator,  and  manufactures  of  lumber. 
Pop.  in  1890,  121. 

Claremont,  an  incorporated  post-town  of  Surry  co., 
Va.,  on  the  James  River,  14  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Rigging. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  public  school,  a 
cheese-factory,  Ac.     Pop.  400. 

Claremont,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  6 
miles  from  Stouffville.  It  contains  3  churches  and  several 
stores  and  mills.     Pop.  600. 

Clare'mont  Isles,  a  group  of  low  islands  off  the  N.E. 
coast  of  Australia.     Lat.  13°  38'  S. ;  Ion.  141°  45'  E. 

Claremont  Junction,  2  miles  W.  of  Claremont, 
N.H.,  42  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Brattleborough,  Vt. 

Clare'more,  a  post-village  of  Cherokee  Nation,  Indian 
Territory,  38  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Vinita.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  900. 

Clare-Morris,  a  town  of  Ireland.     See  Clare. 

Clar'ence,  a  post-village  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa,  14  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Tipton.  It  has  6  churches,  a  bank,  a  money- 
order  post-office,  a  graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  2  hotels,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  several  grain  warehouses.     Pop.  664. 

Clarence,  a  township  of  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
1032.     It  contains  Duck  Lake  Village. 

Clarence,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Shelby  co., 
Mo.,  10  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Macon  City.  It  has  6  churches, 
a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  roller  flour-mill,  a  public 
graded  school,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1078. 

Clarence,  or  Clarence  Hollow,  a  post-village  of 
Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  18  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has 
5  churches,  a  classical  union  school,  and  a  tannery.  Pop. 
about  450. 

Clarence,  a  post-borough  of  Spartanburgh  co.,  S.C,  8 
miles  N.  of  Wellford.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school, 
and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  100. 

Clarence,  a  post- village  in  Russell  co.,  Ontario,  2  miles 
S.  of  Thurso,  Quebec.     Pop.  150. 

Clarence  Centre,  a  post- village  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Clarence  township,  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  23 
miles  W.  of  Batavia,  and  16  miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Buffalo. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  2  carriage-shops,  <tc. 

Clarence  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Russell  co.,  On- 
tario, 7  miles  from  Thurso,  Quebec.     Pop.  150. 

Clar'ence  Harbor,  or  Port  Clar'ence,  in  Alaska, 
on  the  E.  side  of  Behring  Strait,  45  miles  S.E.  of  Cape 
Prince  of  Wales.     Here  is  Nookmut,  an  Esquimaux  village. 

Clar'ence  Island,  in  South  America,  W.  of  Terra 
delFuego.  Lat.  54°  10' S. ;  Ion.  71°  20' W.  Length,  from 
E.  to  W.,  52  miles ;  breadth,  23  miles. 

Clarence  Island,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  N.  of  Navi- 
gator Island.     Lat.  8°  10'  S. ;  Ion.  172°  10'  W. 

Clar'ence  Lake,  or  Great  Lake,  a  lake  of  Tas- 
mania, in  Norfolk  Plains,  of  irregular  form,  about  9  mile* 
in  length,  and  4  miles  in  breadth  at  the  broadest  parts. 

Clarence  Peak,  in  Fernando  Po  Island,  is  10,700 
feet  above  the  sea. 

Clarence  River,  one  of  the  largest  streams  in  Aus- 
tralia, rises  in  the  McPherson  Mountains,  and  flows  into 
Shoal  Bay,  New  South  Wales.  It  has  a  bar  at  its  mouth, 
where  there  is  a  light-house  (lat.  29°  25'  S.,  Ion.  153°  25' 
E.),  and  a  costly  breakwater.  Length,  240  miles.  Vessels 
drawing  10  feet  ascend  50  miles  to  Grafton,  and  small 
steamers  go  30  miles  farther,  to  Moleville.  Its  valley  is 
exceedingly  fertile. 

Clarence  Strait,  in  the  Persian  Gulf,  between  tho 
island  of  Kishm  and  the  mainland,  varies  in  breadth  from 
3  to  13  miles,  and  is  studded  with  islands. 

Clarence  Strait,  in  Alaska,  is  between  Prince  of  Wales 
Archipelago  and  Duke  of  York  Island. 

Clarence  Strait,  the  channel  between  Melville  Island 
and  the  N.AV.  coast  of  Australia,  communicating  with  Van 
Diemen's  Gulf.     It  is  about  12  miles  in  breadth. 

Clar'encetown,  a  settlement,  formerly  a  British  mili- 
tary station,  on  the  N.  side  of  Fernando  Po  Island. 

Clar'enceville,  a  station  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad, 
3  miles  W.  of  Jamaica,  N.Y. 

Clarenceville,  a  post-village  and  port  of  entry  in 
Missisquoi  co.,  Quebec,  between  the  Richelieu  River  and 
Missisquoi  Bay,  3  miles  from  Lacolle.  It  contains  2 
churches,  several  stores,  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  300. 

Clarendon,  kldr'en-d^n,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central 
part  of  South  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  700  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  and  W.  by  the  Santea 
River,  and  on  the  N.E.  by  Lynch's  Creek,  and  traversed 


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898 


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1>y  RIack  Riror.  The  Burfaoe  it  unduluting  or  level,  and 
partly  covered  with  extensive  furo8t4  of  pine  and  other 
trees ;  the  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  pork, 
and  tweet  potatota  are  the  staple  produots.  Capital,  Man- 
ning. Pop.  in  1870,  14,038  ;  in  1880,  19,190 ;  in  1890,  23,23.3. 

Clarendon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Monroe  oo..  Ark., 
on  the  east  biiuk  of  White  Uiver,  48  miles  by  rail  W.N.W. 
of  Helena.  Cotton  and  other  products  are  shipped  here  in 
•teamboats.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  a  stave-faotory.     Pop.  1U60. 

Clarendon^  a  post-hamlet  of  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.,  14 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Marshall.  It  has  saw-  and  cider-mills,  a 
jelly-fiictory,  and  a  land-roller  factory. 

Clarendon,  a  post-village  of  Orleans  oo.,  N.Y.,  3  miles 
from  Uolley  Railroad  Station,  and  about  30  miles  \V.  of 
Rochester.  It  has  2  churches,  a  vinegar-faotory,  a  flour- 
mill,  und  a  stave-factory.     Pop.  20.'). 

Clarendon,  a  village  of  Mead  township,  Warren  oo., 
Pa.,  near  Clarendon  Station  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie 
Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Warren.  It  has  a  church,  and 
manufactures  of  sole-leather. 

Clarendon,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Donlty  co.,  Tex., 
164  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Wichita  Falls.  It  has  several 
church  organiiations,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  rail- 
road round-house  and  machine-shons.     Pop.  in  1890,  949. 

Clarendon,  a  post-township  of  Rutland  oo.,  Vt.,  about 
6  milos  S.  of  Rutland,  is  drained  by  Otter  Creek,  and  inter- 
sected by  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad.  It  has  3  churches. 
Pop.  1173.  Clarendon  Post-Office  and  Station  is  on  the 
Harlem  Extension  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Rutland.  See 
Clauksdon  Springs. 

Clarendon  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Pontiao  co., 
Quebec,  S  miles  N.W.  of  Bristol.  It  contains  saw-,  grist-, 
and  carding-mills,  2  churches,  and  several  stores.     P.  250. 

Clarendon  Front,  a  post-villago  in  Pontiao  co.,  Que- 
bec, 5  miles  Vf.  of  Bristol.     Pop.  100. 

Clarendon  Hill,  a  station  in  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  on 
the  Boston  <fc  Providence  Railroad,  6  miles  from  Boston. 
Hero  are  many  elegant  suburban  residences. 

Clarendon  Hills,  a  post-village  of  Du  Pago  co..  III., 
in  Downer  Grove  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  & 
Quincy  Railroad,  19  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Chicago.  It  is  pleas- 
antly situated  on  high  ground,  and  has  3  churches. 

Clar'endon  Park,  an  extra-parochial  liberty,  an- 
ciently a  royal  forest  of  England,  co.  of  Wilts,  2i  milos  E.S.E. 
of  Salisbury.  Pop.  193.  Here  are  the  remains  of  a  royal 
palace  or  hunting-seat,  in  which  Henry  II.  held  the  council 
that  enacted,  in  1194,  the  Constitutions  of  Clarendon. 

Clarendon  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  and  summer  re- 
sort of  Rutland  oo.,  Vt.,  in  Clarendon  township,  7  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Rutland.  It  bos  medicinal  springs,  several  cot- 
tages, and  a  large  hotel,  with  rooms  for  about  250  guests. 

Clar'ens  (Fr.  pron.  kli*r5s<''),  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
on  the  Lake  of  Geneva,  4  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Vevay. 

Clarenza,  a  town  of  Greece.    See  Klarektza. 

Clariacuni,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Clkrt. 

Clar'idon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Geauga  co.,  0.,  in  Clari- 
don  township,  32  miles  E.  of  Cleveland.  The  township  is 
traversed  by  the  Painesville  <t  Youngstown  Railroad.  Dairy 
produots  and  cattle  are  its  staples.     Pop.  of  township,  909. 

Claridon,  a  village  of  Marion  co.,  0.,  in  Claridon  town- 
ship, 4  miles  S.  of  Caledonia.  It  has  2  churches,  a  union 
school,  and  a  carriage-shop.  Claridon  township  contains 
also  the  village  of  Caledonia,  and  a  population  of  1483. 

Clari'na,  a  post-village  in  Shefford  co.,  Quebec,  on  the 
Qranby  River,  4  miles  S.AV.  of  Granby.     Pop.  400. 

Clarin'da,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Page  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Nodaway  River,  about  110  miles  W.S.W.  of  Des  Moines, 
and  65  miles  S.E.  of  Omaha.  It  is  also  14  miles  S.  of 
Clarinda  Junction  on  the  Burlington  &  Nodaway  River 
Railway,  which  connects  near  Villisca  with  the  Burlington 
&  Missouri  River  Railroad.  It  contains  12  churches,  a 
graded  school-system,  2  banks,  manufactures  of  brick  and 
tile,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  3  flour-mills.  Here  is  the 
southwest  insane  asylum  of  the  state.     Pop.  in  1890,  3262. 

Clarinda  Junction,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Burlington  &  Nodaway  River  Railway, 
227  miles  W.  of  Burlington. 

Clar'ington,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Sunfisb  Creek,  13  miles  (direct) 
£.  of  Woodsfield.  It  has  3  churches,  a  large  tannery,  a 
flouring-mill,  a  planing-mill,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a 
seminary.     Pop.  762. 

Claringtou,  a  post-hamlet  of  Forest  co.,  Pa.,  on  Clarion 
River,  14  miles  N.  of  Brookville. 

Clar'ioUy  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Pennsylvania, 


has  an  area  of  about  575  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Clarion  River,  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  tho  Alleghany 
River,  and  on  the  S.  by  Rod  Bank  Creek.  Tho  surface  it 
partly  hilly  and  partly  undulating,  and  is  extensively  cov. 
erod  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  generally  fertile.  Oats,  wheat, 
Indian  corn,  lumber,  hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  has  valuable  beds  of  coal,  iron  ore,  and  lime- 
stone. The  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad  passes  along  its 
S.W.  border,  and  the  Low  Grade  division  of  that  railroad 
traverses  the  S.  part  of  the  county.  Capital,  Clarion.  Pop 
in  1870,  36,537;  in  1880,  40,328;  in  1890,  30,802. 

Clarion,  a  township  of  Bureau  co.,  III.  Pop.  1023. 
Clarion  Station  is  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  i!t  Quiney 
Railroad,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Princeton.  The  township  is 
also  traversed  by  the  Mendota  A  Clinton  Railroad. 

Clarion,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wright  co.,  lown,  in 
Clarion  township,  about  34  miles  N.E.  of  Fort  Dodge.  It 
has  a  church,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  744 ;  of 
the  township,  ro71. 

Clarion,  a  post-village  of  Charlevoix  co.,  Mich.,  17 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Elmira,  and  6  miles  N.E.  of  Boyne.  It 
has  2  churches,  graded  schools,  and  manufactures  of  wood- 
ware.     Pop.  250. 

Clarion,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co..  Neb.,  14  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Madison.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Clarion,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Clarion  co.,  Pa.,  on 
a  river  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the  Pittsburg  A,  Western 
Railroad,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Oil  City,  and  65  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Pittsburg.  It  contains  a  court-house,  6  churches,  2 
national  banks,  a  normal  school,  a  machine-shop,  Ac.  Three 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.     Pop.  2164. 

Clarion,  a  station  in  Elk  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Philadelphia 
A  Erie  Railroad,  12  miles  N.  of  Ridgway. 

Clar'ion,  or  Cloud's  Island,  an  island  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  ofi"  the  W.  coast  of  Mexico.  Lat.  18°  N. ;  Ion. 
114°  50'  W. 

Clarion  River,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  McKean  co., 
and  runs  generally  southwestward.  It  intersects  Elk  co., 
forms  the  N.W.  boundary  of  Jetferson,  and  finally  runs 
through  the  middle  of  Clarion  co.  and  enters  the  Alleghany 
River.  It  is  about  130  miles  long,  and  traverses  a  region 
in  which  coal  abounds. 

Clark,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an  area 
of  about  480  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by 
the  navigable  Wabash  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the 
North  Fork  of  Embarras  River.  Tho  surface  is  nearly 
level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests;  the  soil  is 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  stnjile 
products.  Beds  of  coal  are  found  in  this  county,  which  is 
intersected  by  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  A  Terre  Haute  and 
Paris  A  Danville  Railroads.  Capital,  Marshall.  Pop.  in 
1870,  18,719;  in  1880,  21,894;  in  1890,  21,899. 

Clark,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Ohio,  has  an 
area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Mad 
River,  and  also  drained  by  Little  Miami  River  and  Beaver 
and  Lagonda  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly, 
and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  (he  nsh, 
buckeye,  hickory,  oak,  Ac.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indinn 
corn,  wheat,  oats,  butter,  wool,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Niagara  limestone  (Upper  Silurian),  a  very  good 
material  for  building,  underlies  the  greater  part  of  the 
surface,  and  is  extensively  quarried.  This  rock  here  con- 
tains much  magnesia.  Good  quicklime  is  extensively  pre- 
pared from  it.  The  county  is  traversed  by  the  Atlantic  A 
Great  Western  Railroad,  and  other  railroads  connect  at 
Springfield,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,32,070;  in  1880, 
41,948;  in  1890,  52,277. 

Clark,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  South  Dakota,  is 
traversed  by  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  and  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroads.  Area,  970  square  miles. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  or  nearly  level.  Capital,  Clark. 
Pop.  in  1880,  114;  in  1890,  6728. 

Clark,  or  Clarke,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  AVash- 
ington,  has  an  area  of  about  1 1 00  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  S.  and  partly  on  the  W.  by  the  Columbia  River,  and 
is  intersected  by  the  Cathlapootle  River.  The  surface  is 
partly  mountainous,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests. 
The  soil  in  some  parts  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  grass,  and 
butter  are  the  staple  products.  The  cedar,  fir,  ash,  maple, 
and  oak  abound  here.  Capital,  Vancouver.  Pop.  in  1870, 
3081;  in  1880,5490;  in  1890,11,709. 

Clark,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  Wisconsin, 
has  an  area  of  about  1100  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by 
Black  River  (which  divides  it  into  nearly  equal  parts),  and 
is  partly  drained  by  Eau  Claire  River.  The  surface  is  un- 
even, and  mostly  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  product- 
ive.    Lumber,  oats,  and  wheat  are  the  chief  produots  of 


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le  county,  which  is  intersected  by  the  West  Wisconsin 
.ailroad.     Capital  Neillsville.     Pop.   in   1870,    3450 ;    in 
875,  7282;  in  1880,  10,715;  in  1890,  17,708. 
Clark,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1474. 
Clark,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  2175. 
Clark,  a  township  of  Perry  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1567. 
Clark,  a  township  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  711. 
Clark,  a  township  of  Faribault  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  121. 
Clark,  a  township  of  Atchison  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1276. 
Clark,  a  township  of  Cole  co  ,  Mo.     Pop.  800. 
Clark,  a  township  of  Lincoln  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1887. 
Clark,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co..  Mo.,  19  miles  by 
lil  S.E.  of  Huntsville.     It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and  a 
traded  school.     Pop.  250. 
Clark,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  N.J.     Pop.  .331. 
Clark,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  0.    Pop.  1691.    It  in- 
fludes  Feesburg,  Hamersville,  and  IJrownsviile. 

Clark,  a  post-office  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  is  at  the  borough 
Jf  Clarksville. 
Clark,  Mercer  co..  Pa.     See  Clark's  Mills. 
Clark,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Clark  co.,  S.D.,  31  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Watertown.     It  has  3  churches,  3  banks,  3 
newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of  flour.     Pop.  592. 

Clark  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Clark  co..  111.,  is  at  the 
rillage  of  Auburn. 

Clarke,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Alabama,  has  an 
Area  of  about  1200  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.B. 
by  the  Alabama  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Tombigbee. 
flhese  rivers,  which  are  both  navigable,  unite  at  the  south- 
lam  extremity  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  nearly  level, 
imd  is  extensively  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  pine, 
icypress,  cedar,  and  oak  abound.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile 
jind  partly  sandy.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple 
.products.  Capital,  Grove  Hill.  Pop.  in  1870,  14,663;  in 
,1880,  17,806;  in  1890,  22,624. 

;  Clarke,  or  Clark,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of 
[Arkansas,  has  an  area  of  about  750  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Washita  River,  and  on  the  S.W. 
^by  the  Little  Missouri  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Terre 
(Noire  Creek.  The  surface  is  partly  covered  with  forests  of  the 
jhickory,  oak,  pine,  <fec. ;  the  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Cotton, 
Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  inter- 
iseeted  by  the  Cairo  &  Fulton  Railroad.  Capital,  Arkadel- 
>phia.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,953;  in  1880,  15,771;  in  1890, 
i20,997. 

j  Clarke,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  300  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
:  Oconee  River  and  its  branches.  The  surface  is  hilly;  the 
soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are 
I  the  staple  products.  Granite  underlies  this  county,  and 
gold  has  been  found  in  it.  A  branch  railroad  connects 
Athens,  the  capital,  with  the  Georgia  Railroad.  Pop.  in 
11870,  12,941;  in  1880,  11,702;  in  1890,  15,186. 

Clarke,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Indiana,  has  an  area 

i  of  about  380  square  miles.     It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by 

the  Ohio  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Silver  Creek. 

The  surface  is  moderately  uneven ;  the  soil  is  mostly  fertile. 

■  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
Among  the  minerals  of  this  county  are  iron  ore  and  lime- 

■  stone.     It  is  intersected  by  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  and 
''  Jeffersonville,  Madison  &  Indianapolis   Railroads.     Capi- 
tal, Charlestown.     Pop.  in  1870,  24,770;  in  1880,  28,610; 

I  in  1890,  30,259. 

(      Clarke,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an  area  of 

i  432  square  miles.     It  is  drained  by  several  small  affluents 

\  of  Des  Moines  River.     The  surface  is  undulating  or  level, 

and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  groves  of  trees  ;  the  soil 

i  is  fertile.     Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  hay  are  the  staple 

products.     This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Burlington  k 

Missouri  River  Railroad.    Capital,  Osceola.     Pop.  in  1870, 

8735;  in  1880,  11,513;  in  1890,  11,332. 

Clarke,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Kansas,  bordering  on 
the  Indian  Territory,  has  an  area  of  1188  square  miles.  It 
is  drained  by  the  Cimarron  River.  Its  surface  is  almost 
level.  Cottonwood-,  elm-,  hackberry-,  and  walnut-trees  are 
found  on  the  river  banks,  while  a  good  quality  of  sand- 
stone and  gypsum  are  gathered  in  the  southern  portion, 
and  yellow  ochre  has  been  discovered  in  the  northeast. 
Ashland  is  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1880,  163;  in  1890,  2357. 
Clarke,  or  Clark,  a  county  in  the  B.  central  part  of 
Kentucky,  has  an  area  of  about  250  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Kentucky  River,  and  on  the  S.E. 
by  the  Red  River.  The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly;  the  soil 
in  some  parts  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  Hydraulic  limestone  is  found  in  this 
county.  Capital,  Winchester.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,882  j  in 
1880,  12,115;  in  1890,  15,434. 


Clarke,  or  Clark,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Missis- 
sippi, has  an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Chickasawha  River.  The  surface  is  undulating 
or  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The 
soil  produces  cotton,  Indian  corn,  <feo.  This  county  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad.  Capital,  Quitman. 
Pop.  in  1870,  7505;  in  1880,  15,021;  in  1890,  15,826. 

Clarke,  a  county  forming  the  N.E.  extremity  of  Mis- 
souri, has  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.E.  by  the  Des  Moines  River,  and  on  the  E.  by  the 
Mississippi,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Fox  and  Wyaconda 
Rivers.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  tracts 
of  good  timber  growing  near  the  rivers.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products.  Car- 
boniferous limestone  underlies  part  of  the  surface.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Missouri,  Iowa  <fc  Nebraska  Railroad. 
Capital,  Kahoka.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,667;  in  1880,  15,031; 
in  1890,  15,126. 

Clarke,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Virginia,  has  an  area 
of  about  200  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Shen- 
andoah River,  and  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Blue 
Ridge.  It  is  a  part  of  the  Great  Valley  of  Virginia,  and 
has  a  fertile  soil  based  on  limestone.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
and  oats  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by 
a  branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad.  Capital,  Berry- 
ville.     Pop.  in  1870,  6670;  in  1880,  7682;  in  1890,  8071. 

Clarke,  Lake  co.,  Ind.    See  Clarke  Station. 

Clarke,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind.,  in  Ward 
township,  at  Stone  Station  on  the  Cincinnati,  Richmond  & 
Fort  Wayne  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Winchester. 

Clarke,  a  township  of  Chariton  co..  Mo.     Pop.  939. 

Clarke,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  0.  Pop.  1877.  It 
contains  Martinsville  and  Farmers'  Station. 

Clarke,  a  township  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.  Pop.  867.  It 
contains  Helmick  and  a  part  of  Bloomfield. 

Clarke,  or  New'ton,  a  post- village  in  Durham  co., 
Ontario,  3  miles  from  Newtonville.  It  contains  several 
stores  and  hotels  and  3  churches.     Pop.  350. 

Clarke  City,  a  post-village  of  Kankakee  co.,  111.,  18 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Kankakee.     It  has  coal-mines. 

Clarke  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarke  co..  Mo.,  3  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Kahoka.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Clarke's  Harbor,  a  post-village  on  Cape  Sable 
Island,  Shelburne  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  14  miles  S.  of  Barring- 
ton.     Pop.  400. 

Clarke's  Point,  a  narrow  peninsula  in  Massachusetts, 
S.W.  of  New  Bedford  Bay.  At  the  extremity  of  the  point 
is  a  fixed  light,  lat.41°  35'  30"  N.,  Ion.  70°  54'  12"  W. 

Clarke's  River,  Flathead  River,  or  Clarke's 
Fork  of  the  Columbia  River,  rises  by  several 
branches  among  the  Rocky  Mountains  in  the  western  part 
of  Montana.  'The  names  of  its  head-streams  are  Hell  Gate, 
Bitter  Root,  and  Blackfoot  Rivers,  several  of  which  unite 
near  Missoula,  in  Montana.  The  river  runs  thence  north- 
westward, traverses  the  northern  part  of  Idaho,  and  enters 
the  Columbia  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Washington,  about  lat. 
48°  50'  N.  It  is  about  700  miles  long,  including  one  of 
the  branches.  Gold  is  found  near  the  upper  part  of  this 
river,  in  Montana.  In  Idaho,  near  lat.  48°  10'  N.,  it  ex- 
pands into  a  lake  called  Pend  d'Oreille,  which  is  about  30 
miles  long  and  8  miles  wide,  and  1600  feet  above  the  sea- 
level. 

Clarke's  Summit,  Pa.    See  Clark's  Green. 

Clarke  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  24 
miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Chicago. 

Clarkes'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.,  4 
miles  E.  of  Muncy.  It  has  2  churches,  a  public  school,  2 
wagon-works,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  100. 

Clarkes'ville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Habersham 
CO.,  Ga.,  10  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Tallulah  Falls.  It 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  396. 

Clark'field,  a  post-village  of  Yellow  Medicine  co., 
Minn.,  11  miles  by  rail  N.AV.  of  Hanley  Falls.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  178. 

Clark  Island,  Behring  Sea.    See  St.  Lawrence. 

Clarks,  a  post-village  of  Merrick  oo..  Neb.,  11  miles  by 
rail  N.E.  of  Central  City.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  800. 

Clark's,  a  post-office  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.,  at  the  vil- 
lage of  Bloomfield. 

Clark's,  a  station  in  Geauga  co.,  0.,  on  the  Youngs- 
town  &  Painesville  Railroad,  3  miles  N,  of  Chardon. 

Clark's,  a  station  in  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Bellefonte 
<fc  Snowshoe  Railroad,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Bellefonte. 

Clark's  Beach,  a  large  fishing  settlement  of  New- 
foundland, on  the  N.  side  of  Conception  Bay,  4  miles  from 
Brigus.     Pop.  444. 


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Clarks'boroiiKh,  a  port-vlllago  of  Gloucester  co.,  N. J., 
In  Greenwich  townxhip,  on  the  milroad  from  Camden  to 
Bwedcuborough,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Camden.  It  haa  2  churches 
and  a  public  school.     Pop.  about  500. 

CInrkHboronch,  a  post-village  of  St  Lawrence  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Clifton  township,  on  Grass  River,  40  miles  S.E.  of 
Ogduiijibure.    It  has  an  iron-furnace  and  several  saw-mills. 

Cliirks'burg,  n  post- village  of  Yolo  co.,  Cal.,  about  15 
miles  (direct)  S.  of  Sacramento,  and  about  22  miles  S.  by  B. 
of  Woodland.     It  has  a  hotel  and  a  general  store. 

Clarksburg,  Daviess  oo.,  Ind.    See  Okon. 

Clarksburg,  a  post-village  of  Decatur  oo.,  Ind.,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Greensburg.  It  has  3  churches,  and  miinu- 
factures  of  flour,  wagons,  tinware,  Ac,  and  several  stores 
and  other  business  concerns.     Pop.  500. 

Clarksburg,  a  hamlet  of  Jonnson  co.,  Ind.,  in  Clark 
township,  4  miles  from  Acton  Station.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  pinning-mill.     Here  is  Rocklane  Post-Office. 

Clarksburg,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md., 
4  miles  from  Germantown  Station,  and  38  miles  W.  of 
Baltimore.   It  has  2  churches  and  3  stores.   Pop.  about  150. 

Clarksburg,  a  township  of  Berkshire  co.,  Ma»s.,  on 
the  Vermont  line.     Pop.  686.     It  contains  Briggsville. 

Clarksburg,  a  village  of  Marquette  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Marquette,  Houghton  A  Ontonagon  Railroad,  13  miles  W. 
of  Negnunee,  and  IJ  miles  from  Humboldt  Post-Office.  It 
has  iron-mines,  a  church,  ami  a  furnace  for  pig-iron. 

Clarksburg,  a  )>ost-village  of  Moniteau  co..  Mo.  (Mon- 
iteau Station),  4  miles  by  rail  W.  of  California.  It  has 
several  church  organizations,  a  bank,  a  college,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  manufactures  of  furniture,  &o. 

Clarksburg,  a  post-village  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Millstone  township,  20  miles  E.  of  Trenton,  and  11  miles 
fifom  Freehold.     It  has  a  church,  a  store,  and  a  tannery. 

Clarksburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Eden 
township,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  a  church,  a 
saw-mill,  and  a  planing-mill. 

Clarksburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ross  co.,  0.,  about  18 
miles  N.W.  of  Chillicothe.     It  has  2  churches. 

Clarksburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa.,  about 
33  miles  E.  by  N.  from  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Clarksburg,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Tenn.,  9 
miles  S.  of  Huntingdon.    It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Clarksburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Harrison  co., 
W.  Va.,  is  on  the  West  Fork  of  the  Monongahela  River,  and 
on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  82  miles  E.  of  Parkers- 
burg,  and  302  miles  W.  of  Baltimore.  It  contains  9  churches, 
a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  Catholic 
academy,  a  female  college  (Baptist),  a  foundry,  2  machine- 
shops,  and  2  carriage-shops.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are 
published  here.  The  adjacent  country  is  hilly  and  abounds 
in  coal,  the  mining  of  which  is  the  principal  business  of  the 
place.     Pop.  in  1880,  2307;  in  1890,  3008. 

Clarksburg,  a  post-village  in  Grey  co.,  Ontario,  near 
the  mouth  of  Beaver  River,  and  on  the  Northern  Railroad, 
16  miles  W.  of  Collingwood.  It  contains  a  church,  several 
stores,  2  hotels,  2  woollen-mills,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  300. 

Clark's  Corner,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVindham  co..  Conn., 
at  Goshen  Station  on  the  New  York  <t;  New  England  Rail- 
road, 8  miles  N.E.  of  Willimantic. 

Clark's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  3 
miles  from  Gansevoort.  It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese- 
factory. 

Clark's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0., 
about  15  miles  N.E.  of  Jefi°erson.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
cheese-factory. 

.  Clark's  Creek,  Kansas,  rises  in  Morris  co.,  runs  north- 
ward through  Davis  co.,  and  enters  the  Kansas  River  about 
8  miles  N.E.  of  Junction  City. 

.  Clark's  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  runs  nearly  southwest- 
ward  in  Dauphin. CO.,  and  enters  the  Susquehanna  River 
about  10  miles  above  Harrisburg. 

Clark's  Creek,  township,  Morris  co.,  Kansas.    P.  135. 

Clark's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co.,  Ky. 

Clarks'dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Christian  co.,  III.,  on  the 
■yvabash  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Taylorville. 

Clarksdale,  a  post-village  of  Coahoma  co.,  Miss.,  13 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Coahoma.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks, 
a  high  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  an  oil-mill,  &c.     Pop.  781. 

Clark's  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  New  London  co.. 
Conn.,  6  miles  N.  of  Westerly,  R.I.     It  has  a  woollen-mill. 

Clark's  Ferry,  a  station  in  Dauphin  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad, 
6  miles  N.W.  of  the  borough  of  Dauphin. 

Clarks'field,  a  post-village  of  Huron  oo.,  0.,  is  on  the 
Vermilion  River,  in  Clarksfield  township,  12  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Norwalk,  and  about  44  miles  W.S.W.  pf  Cleveland.    The 


township  has  4  churches  and  3  cheese-factories.    Pop.  of 
the  township,  1002. 

Clark's  Fork  of  the  Yellowstone  rises  in  the  N.  part 
of  Wyoming,  runs  northward,  and  enters  the  Yellowstone 
River  in  Montnna,  near  lat.  45°  43'  N.  It  is  ab<iut  l5o 
miles  long,  and  traverses  a  very  mountainous  region  of  vol 
canic  origin.     Silver  is  found  near  this  river. 

Clark's  Fork,  a  post-township  of  Cooper  co.,  Mo.,  1 
miles  S.E.  of  Boonville.     Pop.  1126. 

Clark's  Fork,  a  post-office  of  York  co.,  B.C. 

Clark's  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va.,  and  a 
station  on  the  Washington  &  Ohio  Railroad,  41  miles  N.W, 
of  Alexandria. 

Clark's  Gap,  a  post  office  of  Mercer  co.,  AV.  Va. 

Clark's  Green,  a  post-village  of  Lackawanna  co., 
Pa.,  in  Abington  township,  on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna 
A  Western  Railroad  (near  Clark's  Summit  Station),  8  miles 
N.  of  Soranton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Clark's  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Freeborn  co.,  Minn. 

Clark's  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  &  Lafayette  Railroad,  15 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Lafayette.  It  has  4  churches  and  a  steam 
grist-mill. 

Clark's  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C,  19 
miles  from  Augusta,  Ga.     It  has  a  church. 

Clark's  Island,  Kno.x  co..  Me.,  an  isle  in  Penobscot 
Bay,  about  10  miles  from  Rockland,  has  an  area  of  2(i0 
acres.  It  is  connected  with  the  mainland  by  a  stone  bridge. 
Here  are  quarries  of  fine  granite,  which  is  exported. 

Clark's  Island,  the  most  southern  of  the  Furneaux 
group,  off  the  N.E.  end  of  Tasmania.     Lat.  40°  S. 

Clark's  Island,  an  island  in  the  Pacific.  Lat.  27° 
48'  N.;  Ion.  170°  W. 

Clark's  Landing,  Arkansas.    See  Askkw. 

Clark's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co.,  Ga. 

Clark's  Mill,  a  hamlet  in  Richmond  and  Charleston 
townships,  Washington  co.,  R.I.,  on  Usqucpaug  River,  near 
Richmond  Station  on  the  Providence  &  Stonington  Kail- 
road.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  cotton  yarns. 
Pop.  101.     Nearest  post-office,  Shannock  Mills. 

Clark's  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Kirkland  township,  on  Oriskany  Creek,  and  on  the  Rome 
Branch  of  the  Midland  Railroad,  about  10  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Utica.  It  has  a  church,  a  cotton-mill,  and  2  other  mills. 
Pop.  420. 

Clark's  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Hudson  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Batten  Kill,  about 
i  mile  from  Schuylervillc.  It  has  a  planing-mill,  a  sa>T- 
mill,  and  a  sash-factory.     Pop.  about  100. 

Clark's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Moore  co.,  N.C.,  13 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Carthage.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Clark's  Mills,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Mercer  co., 
Pa.,  in  Perry  township,  on  the  Jamestown  &  Franklin  Rail- 
road, 27  miles  W.  of  Franklin.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Clark's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Lexington  co.,  S.C.        i 

Clark's  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Manitowoc  co..  Wis.,' 
in  Cato  township,  on  the  Manitowoc  River,  about  12  miles 
AV.  of  Manitowoc  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and 
a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Clark's  Mills,a  village  of  Ontario.    See  Camden  East. 

Clark'son,  a  post-village  of  Colfax  co..  Neb.,  28  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Scribner,  and  about  18  miles  N.  of  Schuyler. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  biink.     Pop.  300. 

Clarkson,  a  post- village  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  about  14 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Rochester,  and  2  miles  N.  of  Brockport. 
It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  2  carriage-factories. 

Clarkson,  a  post-village  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.,  about 
8  miles  E.  by  S.  of  New  Lisbon.  It  has  a  church  and  an 
academy.     Pop.  150. 

Clark's  Prairie,  Daviess  co.,  Ind.    See  Clarksburg. 

Clark's  River,  Ky.,  runs  northward  through  Calloway 
CO.,  intersects  Marshall  co.,  and  enters  the  Tennessee  River 
at  its  mouth,  about  2  miles  above  Paducah.  It  is  about  75 
miles  long.  Its  West  Branch  drains  part  of  Graves  co.,  and 
enters  Clark's  River  6  or  7  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Clark's  River,  a  station  in  McCracken  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Louisville  <t  Paducah  Railroad,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Paducah, 
near  the  stream  called  Clark's  River. 

Clark's  Run,  a  small  stream  of  Yuba  co.,  towards  the 
N.  part  of  California,  falls  into  the  Yuba  River  about  20 
miles  above  Marysville. 

Clark's  Station,  a  village  in  Daviess  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Ohio  <fc  Mississippi  Railroad,  162  miles  W.  of  Cincin- 
nati. Here  are  important  mines  of  cannel  and  bituminous 
conl.     Post-office  name,  Cannelburg. 

Clark's  Summit,  Pa.    See  Clark's  Green. 

Ciarks'toUy  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ga., 


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Clarkston,  a  post-village  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  in 
ndependenco  township,  about  1  mile  from  Clark's  Station 
n  the  Detroit  &  Milwaukee  Railroad,  35  miles  N.N.W.  of 
)etroit,  and  12  milea  S.E.  of  Holly.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
inion  graded  school,  a  money-order  post-office,  a  flour-mill, 
,  plough-factory,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  471. 

Clarkston,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Lewis  and 
Clarke  co.,  Montana,  about  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Helena.     It 
kas  mines  of  zinc,  lead,  &o.,  and  a  silver-mill. 
f   Clarkston,  a  post-office  of  Cache  co.,  Utah,  20  miles 
.W.  of  Logan.     It  has  a  church. 

Clarks'town,  Rockland  co.,  N.Y.    See  New  City. 

Clark  Sum'mit,  a  station,  Marin  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  North 
'acific  Coast  Railroad,  59  miles  N.N.W.  of  San  Francisco. 

Clarks'ville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Johnson  co., 

rk.,  is  about  2  miles  N.  of  the  Arkansas  River,  on  the 

little  Rock  &  Fort  Smith  Railroad,  101  miles  W.N.W.  of 

Little  Rock.     It  has  2  churches,  the  Cumberland  College, 

2  cotton-gins,  a  wngon-factory,  and  manufactures  of  flour, 

furniture,  sash  and  doors.     Pop.  in  1890,  936. 

Clarksville,  a  post-village  of  El  Dorado  co.,  Cal.,  about 
25  miles  E.  of  Sacramento. 

Clarksville,  a  hamlet  of  Clark  co..  111.,  7  miles  N.W. 
of  Marshall.     It  has  a  church.     Here  is  Dolson  Post-Office. 

Clarksville,  Sangamon  co.,  III.     See  Berry. 

Clarksville,  a  village  of  Clark  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  2(  miles  above  New  Albany,  and  opposite  Louisville. 
Here  is  Stiles  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  cement-mill. 

Clarksville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  Ind.,  6 
miles  S.E.  of  Noblesville.     It  has  2  general  stores. 

Clarksville,  a  post-village  of  Butler  co.,  Iowa,  in  But- 
ler township,  on  the  Shell  Rock  River,  and  on  the  Burling- 
ton, Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad,  24  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Cedar  Falls,  and  about  20  miles  S.  of  Charles  City.  It  has 
a  bank,  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
manufacturesof  flour,  furniture,  ajid  wagons.  P.  (1890)  7.35. 

Clarksville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Howard  co.,  Md.,  10  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Ellicott  City.     It  has  3. or  4  churches. 

Clarksville,  a  post- village  of  Ionia  co.,  Mich.,  26  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Grand  Rapids,  and  13  miles  S.W.  of  Ionia. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  seminary,  a  pewspaper  office,  2  saw- 
mills, cider-  and  feed-mills,  a  machine-shop,  planipg-mills, 
and  general  stores.     Pop.  600. 

Clarksville,  a  post-village  of  Pike  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis,  Keokuk  &,  North- 
western Railroad,  12  miles  below  Louisiana,  and  about  40 
miles  below  Hannibal.  It  has  5  churches,  2  bnijiks,  a  paper- 
mill,  a  vinegar-factory,  a  newspaper  office,  2  flour-mills,  1 
or  2  machine-shops,  2  tobacco-factories,  a  barrel-factory, 
&c.     Pop.  in  1890,  1186. 

Clarksville,  a  former  post-village  of  Merrick  co.,  Neb., 
near  the  Platte  River.     See  Clarks. 

Clarfisville,  a  post-township  of  Coos  co.,  N.H.,  js 
drained  by  the  Connecticut  River.     Pop.  269. 

Clarksville,  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.    See  Gj,en  Gardner. 

Clarksville,  a  post-village  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  in  New 
Scotland  township,  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Albany.  It  has  2 
churches,  3  stores,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  236. 

Clarksville,  township,  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.     Pop.  797. 

Clarksville,  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  is  a  suburb  of  Auburn, 
li  miles  N.W.  of  the  railroad  station.  Here  are  manu- 
factures of  fiirming-implements,  woollen  goods,  fl,nd  axles. 

Clarksville,  a  hamlet  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Niagara  River,  about  1  mile  below  the  cataract.   Pop.  150. 

Clarksville,  a  village  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Middle- 
field  township,  5  miles  E.  of  Cooperstown.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  300.     Post-office,  Middlefield. 

Clarksville,  a  township  of  Davie  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  919. 

Clarksville,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  0.,  in  Ver- 
non township,  on  the  Cincinnati  &  Muskingum  Valley  Rail- 
road, 46  miles  N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  3  or  4  churches, 
a  graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  chair-factory.    Pop.  389. 

Clarksville,  a  hamlet  of  Defiance  co.,  0.,  in  Milford 
township,  on  the  St.  Joseph  River,  2  miles  S.  of  Edgerton. 
It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Clarksville,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Baker 
CO.,  Oregon,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Baker  City.  Gold  is  found  here. 

Clarksville,  a  post-village  of  Greeneco.,  Pa.,  in  Morgan 
township,  on  Ten-Mile  Creek,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Waynesburg, 
and  about  38  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  3  churches,  3 
store?,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  about  300. 

Clarksville,  a  borough  of  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  She- 
nango  River,  and  on  the  Erie  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  near 
the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad,  27  miles  N.  of 
Newcastle,  and  33  miles  S.S.W.  of  Meadville.  It  has  an 
academy,  2  carriage-shops,  a  saw-mill,  3  churches,  and  2 
tanneries.     Pop.  369.    The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Clark. 


Clarksville,  a  city,  capital  of  Montgomery  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Cumberland  River,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Red  River,  about  50  miles  W.N.W.  of  Nashville,  63 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Bowling  Green,  and  65  miles  below  Nash- 
ville by  water.  It  is  on  the  Louisville  A  Nashville  Rail- 
road. It  is  built  on  high  and  hilly  ground,  and  contains  a 
court-house,  4  banks,  public  schools,  and  the  Clarksville 
Female  Academy.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.  Tobacco  and  other  products  are  shipped  here  in 
steamboats  or  by  railroad,  the  former  amounting  to  about 
15,000  hogsheads  annually.  Pop.  in  1880,  .H880 ;  in  1890, 
7924.  This  city  has  16  churches,  an  iron-foundrj,  .Splaning- 
mills,  2  steam  flouring-raills,  bending- works,  manufactures 
of  lumber,  &c.  It  is  tlje  seat  of  the  Southwestern  University 
(Presbyterian),  which  was  founded  in  1874.  To  endow  this 
institution  the  citizens  of  Clarksville  contributed  §194,000. 
A  bridge  crosses  the  Red  River  here.  Nearly  all  the  busi- 
ness portion  of  Clarksville  was  destroyed  by  fire  in  1878. 

Clarksville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Red  River  co., 
Te.\.,  on  the  Texas  <fc  Pacific  Railroad  (Trans-Continental 
division),  30  miles  E.  of  Paris.  It  has  4  churches,  a  Cath-^lio 
academy,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  ofiice,  and  a  flouring-mill. 
Pop.  about  1 500. 

Clarksville,  a  post-village  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Ronnoke  River,  below  the  confluence  of  the  Dan  and 
Staunton  Rivers,  50  miles  E.  of  Danville,  and  100  miles 
S.W.  of  Richmond.  A  line  of  boats  connects  this  place  wiih 
Boston  Station.  It  has  5  churches,  a  female  seminary, 
public  schools,  a  wagon-,  and  a  furniture-factory.   Pop.  656. 

Clarksville,  Ontario.     See  Tecumseth. 

Clark'ton,  a  post-villnge  of  Dunklin  co.,  Mo.,  in  Free- 
born township,  25  miles  S.  of  Dexter  City.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  a  wagon-factory.     Pop.  about  500. 

Clarkton,  a  post-villagc  of  Bladen  co.,  N.C,  in  Brown- 
marsh  township,  on  the  Carolina  Central  Railroad,  46  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Wilmington.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy, 
and  manufactures  of  rosin,  turpentine,  lumber,  and  barrels. 

Clark'town,  a  summer  resort  of  White  co.,  Tenn.,  9 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Sparta.     It  has  2  mineral  springs. 

Clarkville,  Madison  co.,  N.Y.    See  Bkookfield. 

Clar'no,  a  township  of  Green  co..  Wis.     Pop.  1510. 

Clary,  kl4're',  a  village  of  France,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Cam- 
brai.    It  has  manufactures  of  tulles  and  gauzes.     P.  2647. 

Cla'ry's  Min'eral  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Edgefield 
CO.,  S.C.,  5  miles  from  Silver  Street  Station.  Here  is  a 
medicinal  spring. 

Claryville,  kla'r^-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Campbell  co., 
Ky.,  4  miles  E.  of  Visalia  Railroad  Station. 

Claryville,  a  post-village  of  Perry  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  opposite  Chester,  111.     It  has  a  church. 

Claryville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Neversink  township,  about  32  miles  W.  of  Kingston.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Clase,  a  town  of  Wales,  co.  of  Glamorgan,  5  miles  N.W. 
of  Swansea,  of  which  it  is  a  suburb.  It  has  collieries  and 
tin-  and  steel-works.     Pop.  12,887. 

Clasli'more,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Waterford,  4 
miles  N.  of  Youghal.     Pop.  of  parish,  1696. 

Clastidium,  an  ancient  name  of  Casteggio. 

Clats^ka'nie,  a  post- village  of  Columbia  oo.,  Oregon, 
21  milesN.W.of  St.  Helens.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  college,  Ac,     Pop.  212. 

Clat'sop,  a  county  forming  the  N.W.  extremity  of 
Oregon,  has  an  area  of  about  950  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Columbia  River,  and  on  the  W. 
by  the  Pacific  Ocean.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  mountainous, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  produces 
potatoes,  oats,  gras.«,  <fec.  Capital,  Astoria.  Pop.  in  1870, 
1255;  in  1880,  7222;  in  1890,  10,016. 

Claude,  klawd,  a  post-village  in  Peel  co.,  Ontario,  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Brampton.     Pop.  100. 

Claudia  Celeia,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Cilly. 

Claudy,  or  Clady,  kli'de,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co. 
of  Tyrone,  4  miles  by  rail  S.S.W  of  Strabane. 

Clauselville,  klaw's§l-vil,  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  co., 
Ala.,  about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Pineapple.    It  has  2  churches. 

Claussville,  klawss'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lehigh  co., 
Pa.,  about  11  miles  W.  of  Allentown. 

Clausthal,orKlausthal,klows't4l,atownof  Prussia, 
in  Hanover,  in  the  Harz,  56  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Hanover. 
It  is  1740  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  and  is  mostly 
built  of  wood.  It  is  the  chief  mining  town  of  the  Harz,  and 
has  a  mining  academy,  gymnasium,  and  school  of  forestry, 
with  a  valuable  museum,  a  mint,  and  a  high  school.  Near 
it  are  the  principal  lead-  and  silver-mines  in  the  Harz,  in 
which,  and  in  the  manufacture  of  camlets  and  of  nails,  its 
population  is  employed.     Pop.  9137. 


OLA 


902 


CLA 


Clavenna,  a  town  of  lUly.    See  CniATiNifA.. 

Claverack,  kUiT'vfr-&k,  a  poit-village  of  Clareraok 
towniihip,  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hudaon  &  Chatham 
Branob  of  the  Boaton  A  Albany  Railroad,  3  uilet  E.8.E. 
of  Hudson.  It  eontaint  3  churches,  the  Claverack  College, 
and  Iludoon  River  Institute.  The  township  contains  an- 
other village,  named  Philmont,  and  has  7  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  hosiery,  flour,  straw-paper,  Ac.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  in  1890,  4318. 

Claverack  Creek,  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  runs  south- 
westward  aud  northward,  and  enters  Kindorhook  Creek 
•bout  5  milee  N.  of  Hudson. 

Clav'ering,  a  po»t-village  in  Bruoe  co.,  Ontario,  18 
miles  from  Owen  Sound.     Pop.  100. 

Claw'80ii,a  post-hamlet  uf  Oakland  CO.,  Mich.,  10  miles 
S.E.  of  Pontiao.     It  has  manufactures  of  lumber  and  flour. 

Clawson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co.,  Ohio,  5  miles 
(direct)  E.  of  Hamilton,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Clax'ton,  a  post-oRico  of  Tattnall  co.,  Ga. 

Claxton,  a  post-office  of  Caldwell  co.,  Ky. 

Clay,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Alabama,  has  an  area 
of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  small  aflluents 
of  the  Tallapoosa  River.  The  surface  is  uneven  and  mostly 
oovered  with  forests.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple 
products.  Capital,  Ashland.  Pop.  in  1870,  9560 ;  in  1880, 
12,938  ;  in  1890,  15,765. 

Clay,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Arkansas,  bordering 
on  Missouri,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  river  St.  Francis, 
and  traversed  by  Black  River.  The  soil  is  fertile.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern 
and  the  St.  Louis,  Arkansas  &  Texas  Railroads,  the  former 
passing  through  Corning,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Here 
are  forests  of  cypress,  Ac.  Pop.  in  1880,  7213;  in  1890, 
12,200. 

Clay,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Florida,  has  an  area 
of  about  450  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  St. 
John's  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  partly 
covered  with  forests.  Cattle,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  It  is  traversed  by  five  lines  of  railroad, 
two  of  which,  the  Jacksonville,  Tampa  &  Key  West  and 
the  Western  Railway  of  Florida,  communicate  with  Green 
Cove  Springs,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870, 
2098;  in  1880,  2838;  in  1890,  51.54. 

Clay,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an  area 
•f  about  250  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the 
Chattahoochee  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level;  the  soil 
is  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia,  which 
has  a  terminus  at  Fort  Gaines,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
Pop.  in  1870,  5493;  in  1880,  6650;  in  1890,  7817. 

Clay,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an  area 
of  about  450  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Little 
Wabash  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level ; 
the  soil  is  fertile.  Prairies  and  tracts  of  timber  are  dis- 
tributed here  in  convenient  proportions.  Indian  corn, 
oats,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
is  traversed  by  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad  and  the 
Springfield  division  of  the  same.  Capital,  Louisville.  Pop. 
in  1870,  15,875;  in  1880,  16,192;  in  1890,  16,772. 

Clay,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Indiana,  has  an  area 
of  about  350  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Eel  River. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests;  the  soil  is  generally  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has 
beds  of  good  block-coal,  from  which  large  quantities  have 
been  mined.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago  &  Eastern 
Illinois,  the  Chicago  &  Indiana  Coal,  the  Evansville  & 
Terre  Haute,  and  the  Terre  Haute  <fe  Indianapolis  Rail- 
roads, which  all  centre  at  Brazil,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
Pop.  in  1870,  19,084;  in  1880,  25,854;  in  1890,  .30,536. 

Clay,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an  area 
of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Little  Sioux 
River.  The  surface  is  undulating  ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat, 
Indian  corn,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Spen- 
cer.    Pop.  in  1870,  1523;  in  1880,  4248;  in  1890,  9309. 

Clay,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  Kansas,  has 
an  area  of  660  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Re- 
publican River,  which  divides  it  into  two  nearly  equal 
parts.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level ;  the  soil 
IS  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  cattle,  &o.,  are  the  staple 
products.  A  large  proportion  of  this  county  (about  95  per 
cent.)  is  prairie.  Capital,  Clay  Centre.  Pop.  in  1870, 
2942;  in  1880,  12,320;  in  1890,  16,146. 

Clay,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Kentucky,  has  an 
area  of  nearly  600  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  South 
Fork  of  Kentucky  River.  The  surface  is  partly  mountain- 
ous, and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.    The  soil  pro- 


duces Indian  corn  and  oats.  This  county  has  beda  of  ; 
ore,  and  springs  from  which  salt  is  procured.  Capital  M 
Chester.  Pop.  in  1870,  8297;  in  1880,  10,222;  in' b 
12,447. 

Clay,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Minnesota,  isbonn 
on  the  W.  by  the  Red  River  of  the  North,  and  is  intcrso. 
by  Buffalo  River.     The  surface  is  nearly  level,  nnd  is 
versified  by  prairies  and  groves,  the  former  of  which 
the  more  extensive.     The  soil  is  very  fertile.     Limcet- 
underlies  this  county.     It  is  intersected  by  the  Nortti. 
Pacific  Railroad.    Capital,  Moorhead.    Pop.  in  1870,92-  m 
1878  1451 ;  in  1880,  6887;  in  1890,  11,517.  '      1 

Clay,  a  county  in  the  E.  or  N.E.  part  of  Mississippi, 
has  an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.     It  is  bounded  on  | 
the  E.  by  the  Toinbigbce  River,  and  is  drained  by  the  Ok-  I 
tibbeha  River.    The  surface  is  undulating,  and  e.xtensivol;  I 
covered  with  forests  of  the  beech,  elm,  hickory,  magnolia   i 
white  oak,  tulip-tree,  to. ;  the  soil  is  fertile.     Cotton  and 
Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.    This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad.    Capital,  West  Point 
Pop.  in  1880,  17,367;  in  1890,  18,607. 

Clay,  a  county  in  the  W.N.W.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an 
area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S. 
by  the  Missouri  River,  and  also  drained  by  Fishing  Creek. 
The  surface  is  diversified  by  undulations  or  hills  of  mod- 
erate height,  and  is  partly  covered  with  forests  of  white 
oak,  ash,  elm,  hickory,  black  walnut  and  other  t^es.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Limestone  and  sandstone  are  abundant  in 
this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  a  branch  of  the  Hannibal 
&  St.  Joseph  Railroad.  Capital,  Liberty.  Pop.  in  1870, 
15,564;  in  1880,  15,572;  in  1890,  19,856. 

Clay,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Nebraska,  has  an  area 
of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Little  Blue 
River  and  the  West  Fork  of  the  Big  Blue  River.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating;  the  soil  is  fertile.  The  greater  portion 
of  it  is  prairie.  Limestone  of  the  cretaceous  formation  un- 
derlies this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Burlinfjton  <fc 
Missouri  River  Railroad.  Capital,  Clay  Centre.  I'op.  in 
1870,  64;  in  1876,  4787;  in  1880,  11,294;  in  1890,  16,310. 

Clay,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  North  Carolina,  bor- 
dering on  Georgia,  has  an  area  of  about  160  square  miles. 
It  is  drained  by  the  Hiawassee  River.  The  surface  is  hilly, 
and  mostly  covered  with  forests.  Indian  corn,  oats,  grass, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Ilayesville. 
Pop.  in  1870,  2461;  in  1880,  .3316;  in  1890,  4197. 

Clay,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  South  Dakota,  is 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Missouri  River,  and  intersected 
by  the  Vermilion  River.  The  surface  is  partly  covered 
with  forests;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  hay,  pota- 
toes, <fco.,  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  and  the  Chicago  A  North- 
western Railroads,  the  former  passing  through  Vermilion, 
the  capital.   Pop.  in  1870,  2621;  in  1880,5001;  in  1890,7509. 

Clay,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Tennessee,  bordering 
on  Kentucky,  is  intersected  by  the  Cumberland  River,  and 
is  also  drained  by  Obey's  River.  The  surface  is  hilly ;  the 
soil  is  fertile.  Here  are  forests  of  beech,  hickory,  maple, 
oak,  chestnut,  walnut,  &o.  Indian  corn,  tobacco,  wheat,  and 
oats  are  the  staples.  Capital,  Celina.  Pop.  in  1880,  6987; 
in  1890,  7260. 

Clay,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area  of 
about  1080  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Rod 
River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Big  and  Little  Wichita 
Rivers.  Capital,  Henrietta.  Pop.  in  1880,  5045 ;  in  1890, 
7503. 

Clay,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  West  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  375  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
Elk  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating;  the  soil  is 
partly  fertile,  and  produces  Indi.an  corn,  oat^s,  nnd  grass. 
Capital,  Clay  Court-House.  Pop.  in  1870,  2196;  in  1880, 
3460;  in  1890,  4659. 

Clay,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ala.,  17  miles 
(direct)  N.N.E.  of  Birmingham.     It  has  a  store. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Bartholomew  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  778. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  949. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  814. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1269. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  2065. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Hamilton  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1413. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Hendricks  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1571. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Howard  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1350. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1973.  It 
contains  Rose  Hill  and  Silver  Lake. 

Clay,  a  township  of  La  Grange  co.,  Ind. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  Ind. 
contains  Wawpeoong. 


Pop.  1248. 
Pop.  972.    It 


CLA 


903 


CLA 


Pop.  1234,    It 


It  con- 


Pop.  1385. 
Pop.  1442. 
Pop.  1094. 


It 


It  con- 
It 


Pop.  1197. 
Pop.  287. 


Pop.  1119.     It 


Clay,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind 
jontains  Brooklyn  and  Centreton. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1284, 
;ains  White  Hall. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  747.  It  con 
tains  Union. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Spencer  co.,  Ind. 
contains  BufFaloville. 

Clay,  a  township  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Ind 
contains  Notre  Dame. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind. 
^contains  Washington. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Clay  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  698. 
Itains  Peterson. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Grundy  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  492 
leontains  Beaman. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Hardin  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1371. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  641 

Clay,  a  township  of  Jones  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  962, 
{eontains  Clay  Mills. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  Iowa 
I  contains  Tola  and  Bethel  City. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  Iowa. 

Clay,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVashington  co.,  Iowa,  in  Clay 
I  township,  about  12  miles  N.  of  Fairfield.    The  township  has 
j  3  churches  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  581. 
j      Clay,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  634. 
1      Clay,  a  township  of  Webster  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  156. 
!      Clay,  a  township  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  390. 
i      Clay,  a  post-office  of  Webster  co.,  Ky.,  is  at  Clatville. 

Clay,  a  township  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  river  St. 
Clair.    Pop.  1384.     It  contains  the  village  of  Algonac. 

Clay,  a  post-hamlct  of  Pearl  co..  Miss.,  33  miles  S.  of 
Columbia.     It  has  a  church. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Adair  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1340. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Atchison  co..  Mo.-    Pop.  1673 

Clay,  a  township  of  Clarke  co..  Mo      ~ 
eontains  Ilazelton. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Douglas  co..  Mo.     Pop.  333. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Dunklin  co.,.Mo.     Pop.  1426. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  840. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Harrison  co..  Mo.     Pop.  911. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Holt  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  887. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Lafayette  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  3508. 
It  contains  Greenton. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Linn  co..  Mo.  Pop.  939.  It  con- 
tains Eversonville. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1518 
contains  Granville. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Ralls  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1701. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1433 
contains  Clarence. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Sullivan  co..  Mo.     Pop.  877. 

Clay,  a  post-township  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  contains 
Belgium,  Centreville,  Euclid,  Three  River  Point,  and  other 
villages,  and  is  very  fertile.  Pop.  3025.  Clay  Station  is  on 
the  Syracuse  Northern  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Syracuse. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Guilford  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  835. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Auglaize  co.,  0.  Pop,  1095.  It 
contains  St.  John's. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Gallia  co.,  0.  Pop.  1400.  It  is  on 
the  Ohio  River,  and  includes  Chambersburg. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Highland  co.,  0.  Pop.  1345.  It 
contains  Buford  and  Hollowtown. 

Clay,  a  post- village  of  Jackson  co.,  C,  in  Franklin 
townsnip,  on  the  railroad  between  Portsmouth  and  Jackson, 
about  10  miles  S.  of  Jackson.  It  has  a  church  and  a  grist- 
mill.   The  name  of  its  station  is  Cross  Roads. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  0.  Pop.  940.  It  con- 
tains Martinsburg. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Montgomery  CO.,  0.  Pop.  2541.  It 
eontains  Bachman,  Dodson,  Phillipsburg,  South  Arlington, 
and  AVest  Baltimore. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.  Pop.  776.  It 
eontains  Roseville. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Ottawa  CO.,  0.  Pop.  2174.  It  con- 
tains Genoa. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Scioto  co.,  0.     Pop.  927. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.  Pop.  1205.  It 
includes  Gnadenhiitten. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Butler  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1062.  It  in- 
cludes Sunbury. 

Clay,  a  township  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.  Pop,  814,  ex- 
clusive of  Three  Springs. 

Clay,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  in  Clay  town- 
ship, 5  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ephrata,  The  township  contains 
Durlach,  and  has  4  grist-millj  and  3  churches.    Pop.  1440. 


It 


It 


Clay  Bank,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oceana  co.,  Mich.,  on 
Lake  Michigan,  in  Claybank  township,  25  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Muskegon.     It  has  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  562. 

Clay  Bank,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gloucester  co.,  Va.,  on 
York  River,  15  miles  S.E.  of  West  Point,  It  has  a  church 
and  a  steamboat-landing. 

Clay  Banks,  a  post-township  of  Door  co..  Wis.,  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  Lake  Michigan.  It  has  2  lumber- 
mills.     Pop.  623. 

Clay  Brook,  a  post- village  of  Madison  co.,  Tenn.,  12 
miles  E.  of  Jackson.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  saw-mill. 

Clay'burg,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Saranac  River,  in  Saranac  and  Black  Brook  townships,  24 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Plattsburg.  Here  are  iron-mines.  It  has 
an  iron-forge  or  bloomery. 

Clay  Centre,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Clay  co.,  Kansas, 
is  on  the  Republican  River,  33  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of 
Junction  City.  It  has  12  churches,  4  banks,  a  high  school, 
3  newspaper  offices,  3  mills,  a  foundry  and  machine-shop, 
a  creamery,  <fec.     Pop.  2802. 

Clay  Centre,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clay  co,.  Neb., 
8  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Fairfield,  and  about  74  miles  (direct) 
W.S.W.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  several  churches,  and  2  news- 
paper offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  390. 

Clay  City,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co.,  111.,  46  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Vincennes.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  1000. 

Clay  City,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co.,  Ind.,  18  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Brazil.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  3  newspaper 
offices,  coal-mines,  4  saw-mills,  <fec.     Pop.  1004. 

Clay  City,  a  post-village  of  Powell  co.,  Ky.,  4  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Stanton.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  an  extensive  saw-  and  planing-mill. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1065. 

Clay  Court-House,  or  Henry,  a  post-village,  cap- 
ital of  Clay  CO.,  W.Va.,  on  Elk  River,  about  30  miles  E.N.E, 
of  Charleston.     It  has  2  churches. 

Clay^cross',  a  town  of  England,  in  Derbyshire,  4  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Chesterfield.     Pop.  4802. 

Clay'ford,  a  post-office  of  Jones  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Ma- 
quoketa  River. 

Clay  Fork,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.C,  20 
miles  (direct)  S.E.  of  Fayetteville. 

Clay^hatch'ee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dale  co.,  Ala.,  40 
miles  S.E.  of  Troy.     It  has  a  church. 

Clay  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Clarke  co.,  Ala.,  about  65  miles 
S.W.  of  Selma.     It  has  a  church. 

Clay  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Marengo  co.,  Ala. 

Clay  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Ga. 

Clay  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co.,  S.C.,  10  miles 
N.  of  Rock  Hill  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  flour-mill. 

Clay  Lick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  and  a 
station  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of 
Newark.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Clay  Lick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Pa.,  4  miles 
S.  of  Mercersburg.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Clay  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jones  co.,  Iowa,  in  Clay 
township,  on  Maquoketa  River,  28  miles  S.S.W.  of  Dubuque, 
It  has  manufactures  of  flour,  lime,  and  lumber. 

Clay'mont,  a  post-village  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  on 
the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington 
A  Baltimore  Railroad,  7  miles  E.N.E.  of  Wilmington.  It 
has  2  churches,  public  schools,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  400. 

Clay  Pits,  Long  Island.    See  Genola. 

Clay'pool,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.,  9 
miles  by  mil  S.  of  Warsaw.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  barrel-factory,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  500. 

Claypool,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co.,  Ky. 

Claypools,  a  station  in  Muskingum  co.,  0.,  on  the  Bal- 
timore <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Zanesville. 

Clay's,  a  station  in  Autauga  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Selma, 
Rome  &  Dalton  Railroad,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Selma. 

Claysburg,  klaiz'burg,  a  village  of  Blair  co..  Pa.,  in 
Greenfield  township,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Altoona.  It  has 
3  churches. 

Clay's  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Leo  co.,  Iowa. 

Clay's  Prairie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Edgar  co.,  HI.,  8 
miles  N.E.  of  Paris.     It  has  a  church, 

Claysville,  klaiz'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co., 
Ala.,  near  the  Tennessee  River,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Huntsvillc. 

Claysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Ind.,  3 
miles  S.  of  Saltillo.     It  has  a  church. 

Claysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  Ky.,  on 
Licking  River,  about  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Maysville.  It 
has  a  church.     Pop.  99. 


CLA 


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ClaysvillOy  a  post-hamlet  of  Boone  oo.,  Mo.,  7  miles 
N.W.  of  Cedar  City.     It  has  a  ohuroh. 
Claysville*  a  station  in  Greene  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Little 

Miami  Ruilroad,  0  miles  S.  uf  Xcnia. 

Claytivillc,  a  nost-villago  of  Guernsey  oo.,  0.,  about  20 
miles  K.  of  Zanosville.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  118. 

Claysville,  a  post-borough  of  Washington  oo.,  Pa.,  12 
rnile.s  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Washington,  Pa.  It  has  5  churches, 
2  banks,  a  graded  school,  plnning-mills,  and  a  newspaper 
tffoe.     Pop.  1041. 

ClayNvillCf  a  post-hamlet  of  Mineral  oo.,  W.  Va.,  8 
miles  S.  of  Keysor.     It  has  2  churches. 

Clayaville,  a  village  of  Wood  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Lit- 
tle Kunawha  Kiver,  and  on  the  Baltimore  i,  Ohio  Knilrond,  7 
miles  S.E.  of  Parkersburg.    It  has  several  mills.    Pop.  123. 
Clay'ton,  a  town  of  England,  West  Riding  of  York- 
shire, a  luiles  S.W.  of  Bradford.     Pop.  4074. 

Clayton,  a  small  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of 
Georgia,  is  drained  by  Flint  River,  which  rises  in  it.  Area, 
135  square  miles.  The  surface  is  elevated,  and  partly 
covered  with  forests.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the 
staple  products.  It  is  traversed  by  the  East  Tennessee, 
Virginia  <t  Georgia,  the  Atlanta  A  Florida,  and  the  Central 
of  Georgia  Railroads,  the  latter  passing  through  Jones- 
borough,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  6477; 
in  1880,  8027;  in  1890,  8295. 

Clayton,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an 
area  of  about  750  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  the  Mississippi  River,  is  intersected  by  Turkey  River, 
and  is  also  drained  by  the  Volga  River.  The  surface  is 
undulating,  and  finely  diversified  with  prairies,  bluffs,  and 
forests;  the  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats, 
hay,  butter,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  largely 
covered  with  woodlands,  in  which  the  ash,  elm,  hickory, 
sugar-maple,  white  oak,  and  black  walnut  abound.  Among 
its  mineral  resources  are  lead  and  good  building-stone. 
Niagara  limestone  (Upper  Silurian)  crops  out  at  the  Volga 
River  Bluffs,  which  rise  about  700  feet  above  the  valley. 
All  sections  of  the  county  are  traversed  by  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  <t  St.  Paul  Railroad  System,  a  branch  of  which 
runs  from  Beulah,  in  a  southwesterly  direction,  to  EI  Kader, 
the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  27,771;  in  1880, 
28,829  ;  in  1890,  26,733. 

Clayton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Barbour  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  Vioksburg  &  Brunswick  Railroad,  21  miles  W.  of 
Eufaula.  It  has  a  fine  court-house,  4  churches,  a  bank,  an 
academy,  a  college,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  997. 

Clayton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nevada  co.,  Ark.,  12  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Prescott,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Clayton,  a  post- village  of  Contra  Costa  co.,  Cal.,  near 
Mount  Diablo.  Coal  is  mined  in  the  vicinity.  It  has 
manufactures  of  wine,  general  stores,  and  other  business 
houses. 

Clayton,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  Del.,  on  Duck 
Creek,  at  the  junction  of  the  Maryland  &  Delaware  Rail- 
road with  the  Delaware  division  of  the  Philadelphia,  Wil- 
mington &  Baltimore  Railroad,  37  miles  S.  by  W.  from 
"Wilmington.  Branch  railroads  also  extend  hence  to  Smyrna, 
Del.,  and  Massey's,  Md.  It  has  a  church  and  a  peach- 
basket  factory.     Pop.  114. 

Clayton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Rabun  co.,  Ga.,  100 
miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Atlanta.    It  has  2  churches.    P.  200. 
Clayton,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co.,  III.,  in  Clayton 
township,  on  the  Wabnsh  Railroad,  28  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Quincy.    A  branch  railroad  extends  from  this  place  north- 
ward to  Carthago  and  Keokuk.    It  has  5  churches,  a  bank, 
a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  slate-works,  and  manu- 
factures of  farm-cultivators,  grain-measures,  Ac.    Pop.  1083. 
Clayton,  a  township  of  Woodford  co..  III.    Pop,  1022. 
Clayton,  a  post-village  of  Liberty  township,  Hendricks 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Tcrre  Haute  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  20 
miles  W.  of  Indianapolis.     It  has  3  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  bank,  and  manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber. 
Pop.  about  500. 

Clayton,  a  post-village  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  in  Clayton  township,  and  on  the  Chicago, 
Dubuque  ifc  Minnesota  Railroad,  44  miles  N.W.  of  Dubuque. 
It  has  church  organizations,  and  manufactures  of  furniture, 
wagons,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  848. 

Clayton,  a  township  of  Taylor  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  624. 
Clayton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  about  22 
miles  N.E.  of  Baltimore. 

Clayton,  a  post-bamlet  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  aboat 
40  miles  W.  of  Springfield. 

Clayton,  a  township  of  Bay  oo.,  Mich.    Pop.  177. 
Clayton,  a  township  of  Genesee  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  1060. 
Cla)  ton,  a  post-village  of  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  in  Dover 


and  Hudson  townships,  on  the  Michigan  Southern  Railroad, 
11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Adrian.  It  has  3  churches,  a  money. 
onler  post-office,  a  grist-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  (ostimated)  500. 

Clayton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Faribault  co.,  Minn.,  about 
25  miles  W.  by  8.  of  Albert  Lea. 

Clayton,  a  township  of  Mower  co.,  Minn.  Pop.  119. 
Clayton,  a  post-village,  since  1876  the  county-scat  of 
St.  Louis  CO.,  Mo.,  is  situated  on  a  high,  undulating  traut 
2  miles  W.  from  the  city  limits  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  :i 
churches,  3  weekly  newspaper  offices,  a  bank,  and  pubiio 
schools.     Pop.  about  350. 

Clayton,  a  post-village  of  Clayton  township,  in  GIoucm- 
ter  CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  21  miles  S.  of 
Camden.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  manu- 
factory of  glass.  The  township  contains  Glassborough,  and 
has  largo  manufactures  of  glass.  Pop.  of  township,  ;i074. 
Clayton,  a  post-village  in  Clayton  township,  JolTorson 
00.,  N.Y.,  is  on  tho  St.  Lawrence  River,  at  the  mouth  of 
French  Creek,  about  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Wutertown.  Hero 
is  the  terminus  of  the  Clayton  A  Theresa  Railroad.  The 
village  is  partly  supported  by  the  lumber-trade  and  shi].- 
building.  It  has  5  churches  and  a  graded  school.  A  weekly 
newspnperispublishedhere.  Pop.in  1890,1748;  of  tho  town- 
ship, which  comprises  part  of  the  Thousand  Islands,  4411. 
Clayton,  a  jwst- village  of  Johnston  oo.,  N.C.,  in  Clay- 
ton township,  on  the  railroad  between  Raleigh  and  Golds- 
borough,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  a  church,  a 
classical  school,  and  2  steam  cotton-gins.  Pop.  of  town- 
ship, 1534. 

Clayton,  a  hamlet  of  Adams  co.,  0.,  8  miles  N.E.  of 
Maysville,  Ky. 

Clayton,  a  hamlet  of  Miami  co.,  0.,  2i  miles  from 
Bradford  Station.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Clayton,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  0.,  is  at  the 
village  of  Salem,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Dayton. 

Clayton,  a  township  of  Perry  co.,  0.  Pop.  1195.  It 
contains  Rehoboth  and  Saltillo. 

Clayton,  a  post- village  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  in  Hereford 
township,  about  15  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Allentown.  It  has  a 
grist-mill  and  a  lime-kiln. 

Clayton,  a  post-office  of  Obion  co.,  Tenn. 
Clayton,  a  post-village  of  Panola  co.,  Tex.,  20  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Henderson.    It  has  a  Baptist  college  and  a  ma- 
sonic hall. 

Clayton,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,Wis.  Pop.  1616. 
It  contains  Soldier's  Grove. 

Clayton,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  North 
Wisconsin  Railroad,  42  miles  N.N.E.  of  Hudson.  It  has  a 
church,  2  saw-mills,  3  stores,  and  a  planing-mill. 

Clayton,  a  township  of  Winnebago  co.,  Wis.,  and  a 
station  on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of 
Menasha.     Pop.  1300. 

Clay'ton,  or  Bel'lamy's  Mills,  a  post-village  in 
Lanark  co.,  Ontario,  on  Indian  River,  11  miles  from  Al- 
monte.  It  has  a  woollen-factory,  planing-mill,  carding- 
mill,  and  several  grist-  and  saw-mills.  Pop.  250. 
Clayto'na,  a  post-office  of  Noble  co.,  0. 
Clay'ton  Centre,  a  village  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  S 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  El  Kader.     It  has  a  church. 

Clay'ton-le-Moors,  a  town  of  England,  in  Lan. 
oashire,  4  miles  E.N.E.  of  Blackburn.     Pop.  5390. 

Clay'ton's  Store,  a  hamlet  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J., 
4J  miles  from  Freehold. 

Clay'tonville,  a  post-village  of  Iroquois  co..  111.,  8 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Wellington  Junction.  It  has  2  church 
organizations.  • 

Claytonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  Mo.,  31  milci 
N.N.E.  of  Kansas  City.     It  has  2  churches. 

Clay  Village,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Ky.,  5  miles 
E.  by  S.  of  Shelbyville. 
Clayville,  a  post-office  of  Telfair  co.,  Ga. 
Clayville  (Clay  Post-Office),  a  post-village  of  Webster 
CO.,  Ky.,  about  6  miles  S.W.  of  Dixon.    It  has  2  churches 
and  an  academy. 

Clayville,  a  post-village  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  11  miles 
S,  of  Utica.  It  contains  4  churches,  2  furnaces,  a  large 
woollen-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  scythes,  hoes,  hay-forks, 
and  other  implements.     Pop.  944. 

Clayville  (Lindsey  Post-Office)  a  borough  of  Jefferson 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Young  township,  about  50  miles  N.W.  of  Altoona. 
It  has  2  churches,  iron-works,  a  roller-mill,  3  planing-mills, 
and  manufactures  of  brick.     Pop.  1402. 

Clayville,  a  village  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  7  miles 
N.W.  of  Hope.     It  has  a  church  and  cotton-mills. 
Clear  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Unicoi  co.,  Tenn. 
Clear  Creek,  Shasta  co.,  Cal.,  enters  the  Sacramento 
River  from  the  W.  a  few  miles  below  Shasta. 


CLE 


905 


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plear  Creek,  Colorado,  rises  on  the  E.  slope  of  the 
giwy  or  Main  Range,  near  Gray's  Peak,  runs  eastward 
tough  Clear  Creek  and  Jefiferson  cos.,  and  enters  the 
fith  Fork  of  the  Platte  River  about  6  miles  below  Denver. 
Iiiyth,  79  miles.     Gold  and  silver  are  mined  on  this  creek. 

ili;iear  Creek,  Illinois,  runs  southward  through  Union 
c  and  enters  the  Mississippi  River. 

Jlear  Creek,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Col- 
( do,  is  drained  by  Clear  Creek.  The  Rooky  Mountains, 
1  e  covered  with  perpetual  snow,  extend  along  the  western 
lider  of  this  county,  which  abounds  in  beautiful  scenery, 
'e  inhabitants  are  mostly  employed  in  mining.  It  has 
)lh  mines  of  gold  and  silver,  which  arc  found  in  quartz 
ilk.  Mount  Evans,  in  this  county,  is  14,3.30  feet  high. 
;ig  intersected  from  B.  to  W.  by  the  Union  Pacifio  Rail- 

i|id  system,  which  runs  through  Georgetown,  the  capital 
hhe  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  1596;  in  1880,  7823;  in 
i^O,  7184. 

iCIear  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chilton  co.,  Ala.,  on 
a  Louisville  <fc  Nashville  Railroad,  about  17  miles  by  rail 

N.W.  of  Clanton.     It  has  general  stores  and  a  saw-mill. 
ICIear  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butte  co.,  Cal.,  8  miles 
f  of  Durham. 
iClear  Creek,  a  station  in  Shasta  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Cen- 

d  Pacific  Railroad,  Oregon  division,  5  miles  S.  of  Red- 

Lig.    It  has  a  hotel,  a  store,  &c. 

(Clear  Creek,  a  township  of  Alexander  co.,  111.     Pop. 

68.     It  contains  Clear  Creek  Landing. 
jClear  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co..  111.,  about 
j  miles  S.W.  of  Ottawa.     A  yearly  meeting  of  Friends 
(held  here. 

Clear  Creek,  township,  Huntington  co.,  Ind.  P.  1273, 
[Clear  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Monroe  co.,  Ind., 
j  out  36  miles  W.S.W.  of  Columbus.  It  is  intersected  by 
[,lt  Creek,  and  by  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago 
lilroad.  Clear  Creek  Station  is  34  miles  S.  of  Bloomington. 
l)p.  1325. 

iCIear  Creek,  a  post-oflSoe  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa. 
I  Clear  Creek,  township,  Jasper  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1098. 
i  Clear  Creek,  township,  Johnson  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  754. 
iCIear  Creek,  township,  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1270. 
;  Clear  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Nemaha  co.,  Kansas, 
ii  miles  N.W.  of  Seneca.  Pop.  549. 
'■  Clear  Creek,  a  township  of  Pottawatomie  co.,  Kan- 
Ls.    Pop.  702. 

i  Clear  Creek,  a  station  of  Tishemingo  co..  Miss.,  on 
lie  Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad,  6  miles  from  luka. 
I  Clear  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co..  Mo., 
pout  9  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Potosi. 

I  Clear  Creek,  a  township  of  Vernon  co..  Mo.  P.  445. 
i  Clear  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Saunders 
).,  Neb.,  on  the  Omaha  &  Republican  Valley  Railroad,  26 
'.lies  W.  of  Omaha. 

Clear  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chautauqua  eo.,  N.Y., 
I  miles  E.S.E.  of  Mayville.  It  has  a  church  and  a  dis- 
iict  school.     Pop.  100. 

i  Clear  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cabarrus  co.,  N.C.,  8 
?iiles  S.E.  of  Harrisburg. 

'.  Clear  Creek,  a  township  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.C. 
't  has  several  gold-mines.  Pop.  615.  (Post-office,  Mint  Hill.) 

Clear  Creek,  a  township  of  Ashland  co.,  0.  Pop. 
198.    It  contains  Savannah. 

Clear  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.   Pop. 
743.     It  contains  villages  named  Oakland  and  Stoutville. 
lear  Creek  Station  is  on  the  Cincinnati  &  Muskingum 
'alley  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of  Circleville. 
:  Clear  Creek,  a  township  of  Warren  CO.,  0.     Pop.  2605. 
|t  includes  the  village  of  Springborough. 
j  Clear  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Columbia  co.,  Oregon. 
I  Clear  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Tenn.,  14 
liles  N.  of  Limestone  Railroad  Station. 
I  Clear  Creek,  a  station  of  Galveston  co.,  Texas,  on  the 
ilalveston,  Houston  <fc  Henderson  Railroad,  26  miles  N.W. 
if  Galveston. 
;   Clear  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Raleigh  co.,  W.  Va. 

Clear  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk  co.,  Ontario,  28 
liles  from  Simeoe.     Pop.  100. 

;  Clear  Creek  Falls,  a  post-office  of  Winston  co.,  Ala. 
j  Clear  Creek  Landing,  a  post-village  of  Alexander 
jO.,  111.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  5  miles  above  Cape 
Uirardeau,  Mo. 

Clear  Dale,  a  post-office  of  Sumner  co.,  Kansas. 

Clear'field,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Penn- 
ylvania,  has  an  area  of  about  1050  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
erseoted  by  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna,  is  bounded 
,  m  the  S.E.  by  Moshannon  Creek,  and  is  partly  drained  by 
plearfield  Creek.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  uplands, 
[  68 


high  hills,  and  deep  valleys  or  ravines,  worn  by  the  running 
water.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Oats,  Indian  corn,  lumber, 
wheat,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has 
valuable  beds  of  bituminous  coal,  limestone,  and  iron  ore. 
A  branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  connects  Clearfield 
(which  is  the  capital)  with  Tyrone.  A  large  part  of  the 
county  is  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  pine,  hickory, 
and  oak  are  found.  Pop.  in  1870,  25,741 ;  in  1880,  43,408  ; 
in  1890,  69,565. 

Clearfield,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Taylor  co., 
Iowa,  6  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Conway  Crossing,  and  15  miles 
N.E.  of  Bedford.  It  has  4  churches,  a* bank,  an  academy, 
a  grain-elevator,  manufactures  of  lumber,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  in  1890,  452. 

Clearfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Douglas  co.,  Kansas,  12 
miles  (direct)  S.E.  of  Lawrence. 

Clearfield,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Clearfield  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  about 
55  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Altoona,  and  157  miles  by  rail  W.N.W. 
of  Harrisburg.  The  Tyrone  <fc  Clearfield  Branch  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  extends  from  this  place  to  Tyrone, 
41  miles.  It  contains  a  court-house,  6  churches,  a  graded 
free  school,  an  academy,  a  national  bank,  gas-works,  a 
planing-mill,  a  foundry  and  machine-shop,  manufactures 
of  fire-bricks,  steam-engines,  and  lumber,  a  tannery,  a 
knitting-machine  factory,  2  flour-mills,  and  3  newspaper 
offices.  Lumber  and  coal  are  the  chief  articles  of  export. 
Pop.  in  1890,  2248. 
Clearfield,  a  township  of  Juneau  co.,  Wis.  Pop.  250. 
Clearfield  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Cambria  co., 
runs  northward,  and  enters  the  West  Branch  of  the  Sus- 
quehanna in  Clearfield  co.,  about  5  miles  below  the  town  of 
the  same  name. 

Clear  Fork  of  the  Mohican  River,  Ohio,  runs  eastward, 
and  unites  with  the  Black  Fork  in  the  S.  part  of  Ashland  co. 
Clear  Fork  of  the  Brazos  River,  Texas,  runs  north- 
eastward and  eastward,  drains  parts  of  Jones,  Shackelford, 
and  Throckmorton  cos.,  and  enters  Brazos  River  in  Young 
CO.,  10  miles  S.  of  Belknap.  Length,  estimated  at  200  miles. 
Clear  Fork  of  Powder  River  rises  in  Carbon  co.,  Wyo- 
ming, runs  northeastward,  and  unites  with  the  South  Fork 
in  the  same  county. 

Clear  Fork,  a  station  in  Johnson  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Mis- 
souri Pacific  Railroad,  22  miles  W.  of  Sedalia. 
Clear  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Bland  co.,  Va. 
Clear  Grit,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn.,  on 
Root  River,  1  mile  from  Isinours,  and  4  miles  from  Preston. 
It  has  a  flouring-mill. 

Clear  Lake,  California,  is  in  Lake  co.,  at  an  elevation 
of  nearly  1500  feet  above  the  sea-lovel.  It  is  about  25  miles 
long,  and  is  10  miles  wide  in  some  places.  Near  the  middle 
it  contracts  to  a  strait  1  or  2  miles  wide,  which  connects 
the  Upper  and  the  Lower  Lake.  The  water  is  deep  and 
clear,  and  is  said  to  be  full  of  fish.  The  shores  of  this  lake 
present  picturesque  scenery,  and  are  frequented  by  tourists 
and  sportsmen,  who  find  here  much  game.  The  outlet  is 
Cache  Creek. 

Clear  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Modoc  co.,  Cal.  It  is 
near  a  small  and  highly  saline  lake  with  no  outlet. 

Clear  Lake,  a  post-bamlet  and  summer  resort  of 
Steuben  co.,  Ind.,  2i  miles  S.E.  of  Ray.  It  has  a  church. 
Clear  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Cerro  Gordo  co.,  Iowa,  is 
in  Clear  Lake  township,  on  the  Iowa  <fc  Dakota  Division  of 
the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of 
Mason  City.  It  is  near  a  lake  of  the  same  name,  which  is 
about  6  miles  long.  It  has  2  banks,  4  churches,  a  flour- 
mill,  a  graded  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  in 
1890,  1718. 

Clear  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sherburne  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Clear  Lake  township,  on  the  St.  Paul  <fe  Pacific  Railroad,  63 
miles  W.N.W.  of  St.  Paul,  2  miles  E.  of  the  Mississippi 
River,  and  12  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Cloud.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  creamery,  a  grist-mill,  a  newspaper  office,  a  town  hall, 
and  a  grain-elevator.     Pop.  of  the  township,  562. 

Clear  Lake,  an  incorporated  post-town,  capital  of 
Deuel  CO.,  S.D.,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Watertown.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  roller-mills.  Pop, 
147. 

Clear  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  Wis.,  in  Black 
Brook  township,  on  the  North  Wisconsin  Railroad,  35  miles 
N.  of  Hudson.  It  has  3  churches,  a  common  school,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  500. 

Clear'mont,  a  post-village  of  Nodaway  co.,  Mo.,  5 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Burlington  Junction.    It  has  3  churohes. 
Pop.  in  1890,  246. 
Clearmont,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co.,  Tenn. 
Clearmont,  or  Clairmont,  Ontario.    See  Burfobo. 


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Clear  Pond,  a  village  of  Manhall  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ten- 
•mm«  River,  and  on  the  Louisville,  Paducah  A  Southwestern 
Railroad,  18  inilc«  U.  of  I'aducah.  It  has  a  bridge  over  the 
river.     Here  is  Uilbertsville  Post-Offioe. 

Clear  Port,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfield  oo.,  0.,  about  30 
miles  S.E.  of  Columbus. 

Clear  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  oo.,  Pa.,  about 
ti  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chambersburg.  It  has  a  church. 
Clear  Sprini;,  a  post-ofiBco  of  Clarke  co..  Ark. 
Clear  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Owen  township,  about  26  miles  S.W.  of  Columbus.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  high  school,  2  tanneries,  and  a  steam  grist- 
mill.    Pop.  about  150.     Here  is  Mooney  Post-Office. 

Clear  Spriug,  a  post-village  of  Graves  oo.,  Ky.,  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Mayfield.  It  has  3  churches  and  public 
schools.     Pop.  lUU. 

Clear  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Washington  oo.,  Md., 
about  13  miles  W.  of  iiagerstown,  and  26  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Chambersburg,  Pa.  It  has  7  churches  and  a  public  school. 
Pop.  725. 

Clear  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  oo.,  Pa.,  4  miles 
B.S.W.  of  Dillsburg. 

Clear  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Orainger  co.,  Tenn. 

Clear  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Guadalupe  co.,  Tex.,  7 
miles  N.W.  of  Seguin. 

Clear'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  co..  Pa.,  in 
Monroe  township,  44  miles  S.  of  Altoona.  It  has  3  church 
organizations.     Pop,  100. 

Clear'ville,  a  post-village  in  Bothwell  co.,^ Ontario,  on 
Clear  Creek.  16  miles  S.E.  of  Bothwell.     Pop.  150. 

Clear  Water,  a  post-office  of  White  co..  Ark. 

Clear  Water,  a  post-office  of  Idaho  co.,  Idaho. 

Clear  Water,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas, 
on  the  Ninnescah,  12  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Wichita.  It 
has  4  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  400. 

Clear  Water,  a  post- hamlet  of  Kalkaska  co.,  Mich., 
on  Rapid  River,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Kalkaska. 

Clear  Water,  a  post-village  of  Wright  co.,  Minn.,  on 
the  Clearwater  River,  3  miles  from  Clear  Lake  Station,  and 
about  60  miles  W.N.W.  of  Minneapolis.  It  is  partly  in 
Clearwater  township,  which  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the 
Mississippi  and  contains  several  lakes.  It  has  a  money- 
order  post-office,  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  manufac- 
tures of  flour,  lumber,  sash,  Ac.     Pop.  of  township,  603. 

Clear  Water  Harbor,  an  incorporated  post-village 
of  Hillsborough  oo.,  Fla.,  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  90  miles 
B.  of  Cedar  Keys.  It  has  4  churches,  a  public  school,  and 
%  newspaper  office. 

Clcar'water  River,  Idaho,  is  formed  by  two  branches 
called  the  North  and  South  Forks,  which  unite  on  the  wef<t 
border  of  Shoshone  co.  It  runs  westward,  and  enters  the 
Snake  or  Lewis  River  at  Lewiston.  The  North  Fork  risps 
among  the  Bitter  Root  Mountains,  and  irrigaten  Shoshone 
CO.,  in  which  rich  gold-mines  have  been  opened.  The  South 
Fork  rises  in  Idaho  co.,  and  runs  northwestward  through  a 
mountainous  region.  The  entire  length  of  the  river,  in- 
cluding one  fork,  is  about  200  miles. 

Clearwater  River,  Minnesota,  runs  N.W.  in  Polk  co., 
and  enters  Red  Lake  River.     It  is  nearly  60  miles  long. 

ClearAVater  River,  Minnesota,  a  small  river  or  creek, 
which  runs  northeastward,  drains  parts  of  Meeker  and 
Stearns  cos.,  and  enters  the  Mississippi  River  at  the  north 
extremity  of  Wright  co.  About  10  miles  from  its  mouth  it 
expands  into  a  lake,  which  is  called  Clearwater  and  is 
nearly  5  miles  long. 

Clear'water  (Little  Athabasca,  or  Washacum- 
mov)  River,  in  British  North  America,  lat.  56°  30'  N., 
Ion.  110°  W.,  flows  from  the  hills  near  Lake  Methye  to  the 
river  Athabasca.  It  is  navigable  for  boats,  and  flows  in  a 
picturesaue  region. 

Clea'tor,  a  town  of  England,  in  Cumberland,  3  miles 
by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Whitehaven,  with  iron-mines.    Pop.  5529. 

Cleaveland,  New  York  and  Ohio.     See  Cleveland. 

Cleave'laud,  or  Cleveland,  a  post-village,  capitivl 
of  Bradley  eo.,  Tenn.,  on  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  & 
Georgia  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Dalton  Branch,  29 
miles  E.  by  N.  from  Chattanooga,  and  83  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Knoxvillc.  It  has  6  churches  (besides  3  colored),  2  news- 
paper offices,  2  banks,  a  female  institute,  a  pump-factory, 
and  a  sash-  and  blind -factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  2863. 

Cleaveland  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cleveland  co., 
N.C.,  on  Knob  Creek,  12  miles  N.  of  Shelby.  It  has  a 
ehuroh  and  a  cotton -factory.     Pop.  about  100. 

Cle'burne,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Alabama,  has 
an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Tallapoosa  River.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  hills  and 
y*llejs  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forest.^.    The  soil 


in  some  parts  is  fertile.     Indian  corn,  wheat,  coffnn,  m 
pork  are  the  staple  products.     Divisions  of  iho  Kichmoi 
A  Danville  Kallroad  pass  through  this  county.    Capiu 
Kdwardsville.     Pop.  in  1870,  8017;  in  1880,  10,976- 
1890,  13,218.  ' 

Cleburne,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cross  co..  Ark.,  about 
miles  E.  of  Vanndale  Ruilroad  Station. 

Cleburne,  a  post-villuge,  capital  of  Johnson  co.,Tcji 
about  155  miles  N.  of  Austin,  and  50  miles  S.W.  of  Dnlli 
It  has  3  churches  and  a  money -order  post-office.  Twowot-k 
newspapers  are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  3278. 

Cleckheaton,  kldk'e-tpn,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
York,  ^yest  Riding,  8i  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Leeds,  ig  * 
built,  lighted  with  gns,  and  has  manufactures  of  wooll 
cloth  and  worsted.  Cards  and  other  machinery  arc  nl 
made,  and  the  iron-founding  trade  is  important.    Pop.  fiij 

CI6cy,  kli*see',  a  town  of  France,  in  Calvados,  near  t 
Orne,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Falaise.  Pop.  2147.  It  li 
manufactures  of  lace  and  cotton  fabrics. 

CI6den-Cap-Sizun,  kli'd6N»'-ka.p-8ee*zfiii»',  ato» 
of  France,  in  FinistiJre,  26  miles  N.E.  of  Quimper.   Pop.  If 

Cl^den-Poher,  kli*d6N"'-po*aiR',  a  town  of  France, 
FinistiSre,  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Quiuiper.    Pop.  23C0. 

Cleek's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Bath  co.,  Va. 

Clee'thorpe -with-Thruns'coe,  a  township  : 
England,  co.  of  Lincoln,  parish  of  CIce,  on  the  coast,  wi 
terminal  station  on  a  railway,  2i  miles  E.S.E.  of  Gre 
Grimsby.     It  is  frequented  for  sea-bathing.     Pop.  1708. 

Cleeve-Bishop's,  or  Bishop's  Cleeve,avilla 
of  England,  co.  of  Gloucester,  3i  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  i 
Cheltenham.     Pop.  of  pnrish,  2066. 

Cleeve-Pri'or,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Worcesti 
6  miles  N.E.  of  Evesham. 

Cleg'horn,  a  station  on  the  North  &  South  Railroad 
Georgia,  7  miles  N.  of  Columbus,  Ga. 

CI6gu6rec,  klA'gi'rik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Mori 
han,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Pontivy.     Pop.  of  commune,  a.i.'ii. 

Clem'ansville,  a  post-office  of  Winnebago  co..  Wis. 

Clement,  Clinton  co..  III.    See  Uuey. 

Clem'enton,  or  Cleni'anton,  a  village  of  Camd 
CO.,  N.J.,  12  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Camden.  It  has  a  cburc 
a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  150. 

Clem'ents,  a  post-village  of  San  Joaquin  co.,  Cal., 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Stockton.  It  has  2  churches  and 
public  school.     Pop.  33.'!. 

Clements,  a  post-village  of  Chase  co.,  Kansas,  14  mil 
by  rail  W.  of  Strong  City.     It  has  a  public  school. 

Clement's  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tuscaloosa  ci 
Ala.,  9  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Tuscaloosa.     Coal  is  found  hei 

Clem'entsport,  or  Moose  River,  a  post-village 
Annapolis  co..   Nova  Scotia,  on  Annapolis  Basin,  at  t 
mouth  of  Moose  River,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Annapolis.     It  h 
several  hotels,  churches,  stores,  and  ship-yards.     Pop.  30( 

Clem'ent's  Still,  a  station  in  Worth  co.,  Ga.,  on  tl 
Brunswick  A  Albany  Railroad,  16  miles  E.  of  Albany. 

Clem'cntsvale,  a  post-village  in  Annapolis  co.,  Na 
Scotia,  12  miles  from  Annapolis.     Pop.  about  500. 

Clem'entsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  Tcni 
about  35  miles  S.S.E.  of  Glasgow,  Ky.     It  has  a  church. 

Clements  West,  Nova  Scotia.     See  Deep  Brook. 

Clem'monsville,  a  post-village  of  Davidson  co.,  N.( 
in  Clemmonsville  township,  2  miles  E.of  the  Yadkin  Rive 
and  11  miles  S.W.  of  Salem.  It  has  2  churches,  an  aca 
emy,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  215  ;  of  the  township,  978. 

Clem's  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Grayson  co.,  Vn. 

Clem'town,  a  small  village  of  Barbour  co.,  W.  Vi 
5  miles  from  Philippi.  It  has  a  lumber-mill,  a  tannery,  ai 
2  churches. 

ClenMcn'in,  a  post-office  of  Kanawha  co.,  AV.  Va. 

Clen'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Whitman  co.,  Washingto 
about  12  miles  N.  of  Lewiston,  Idaho. 

Cleobury-Mortimcr,  klo'b^r-re-mor't^-mgr,  a  to? 
of  England,  co.  of  Salop,  on  a  railway,  10  miles  E.  of  Lu 
low.     Pop.  of  parish,  1708. 

Cle'on,  a  post-township  of  Manistee  co.,  Mich.   Pop.  £ 

Cleon,  a  township  of  Wexford  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  94, 

Cle'ona,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co.,  Ind. 

Cieo'na,  a  township  of  Scott  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  870. 

Cleopatra,  Mercer  co..  Mo.    See  Somerset. 

Cleopatris,  the  ancient  name  of  Suez. 

Cleo'ra,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co.,  Colorado. 

Clercken,  klSnk'k^n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  AVc 
Flanders,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  3200. 

Clares,  klain,  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-Inf6rieurc, '. 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Rouen.     Pop.  779. 

Clerff,  klfiiif,  or  Clervaux,  klfinh-o',  a  village,  grai 
duchy  and  33  miles  N.  of  Luxemburg.    Pop.  640. 


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Cler'ihan,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Tipperary,  4 
les  N.W.  of  Clonmel. 

Clerke  Island,  in  the  "Pacific.  See  Narcissus. 
Cler'kenAvell,  a  large  district  and  out-parish  of  Eng- 
id,  in  the  city  of  London,  co.  of  Middlesex,  1  mile  N.  of 
'.  Paul's.  It  has  a  session-house,  prison,  water-works,  <fec. 
st.  John's  Gate"  is  the  only  remnant  of  an  ancient  priory 
liich  stood  in  that  locality.  Pop.  65,380. 
jClermont,  kl6Rhn6N"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Oise,  on 
route  between  Paris  and  Amiens,  16  miles  by  rail  S.S.E. 
Beauv.iis.  Pop.  5743.  It  has  a  college  and  a  library  of 
,000  volumes.  Its  old  castle  is  now  a  prison. 
Cler'mont,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Ohio,  border- 
[g  on  Kentucky,  has  an  area  of  about  400  square  miles. 
is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  is  partly 
unded  on  the  W.  by  the  Little  Miami  River.  The  greater 
ft  of  it  is  drained  by  the  East  Fork  of  the  Little  Miami, 
jhich  fork  runs  in  a  very  tortuous  channel.  The  surface  is 
dulating  or  hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests 
the  ash,  beech,  buckeye,  elm,  hickory,  white  oak,  <fec. ; 
e  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  hay,  oats,  tobacco, 
litter,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Blue  limestone 
jower  Silurian)  underlies  nearly  all  this  county.  It  is  a 
)od  material  for  building.  The  county  is  connected  with 
iincinnati  by  the  Little  Miami,  Marietta  <fc  Cincinnati  and 
iincinnati  &  Eastern  Railroads.  Capital,  Batavia.  Pop. 
I  1870,  34,268;  in  1880,  36,713;  in  1890,  35,553. 
Clermont,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Lake  co., 
'la.,  29  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Tavares.  It  is  in  a 
pmato-growing  section,  and  has  3  churches,  a  saw-mill, 
Ind  a  crate-factory.     Pop.  200. 

i  Clermont,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  10  miles 
y  rail  N.W.  of  Indianapolis.     It  has  3  churches. 
Clermont,   a  post-village  of  Fayette   co.,   Iowa,  on 
j.'urkey  River,  89  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Cedar  Rapids,  and  14 
ailes  E.N.E.  of  West  Union.     It  has  4  churches,  a  bank, 
!?agon-works,  flour-mills,  brick-  and  tile-works,  a  graded 
'ehool,  and  a  creamery.     Pop.  in  1890,  488. 
!   Clermont,  a  post-township  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
4  miles  S.  of  Hudson,  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Hudson 
fiiver.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  937. 
I    Cler^mont',  a  post-village  of  McKean  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
itfcKcan  &  Buffalo  Railroad,  13  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Smeth- 
')ort.     It  has  a  lumber-mill  and  coal-mines. 
'    Clermont-de-l'Herault,  kl6R'mAso'-d?h-liVo',  or 
Clermont-de-Lodfeve,  klfiK'm6s<''-deh-lo'div',  a  town 
!)f  France,  department  of  Hcrault,  23  miles  by  rail  W.  of 
jMontpellicr.     Pop.  6685.     It  has  manufactories  of  coarse 
inroollcns,  trade  in  rural  produce,  a  communal   college,  a 
liavings-bank,  and  a  chamber  of  commerce. 
i    Clermont-en-Argonne,  kl5R^m6No'-6N-an'gonn',  a 
[town  of  France,  department  of  Mouse,  14  miles  W.S.W.  of 
[Verdun.     Pop.  1157. 

[    Clermont-Ferrand,  kl5R*m6N»'-f6R^R6N"'  fane.  Au- 
^guitonem'etum),  a  city  of  France,  capital  of  Puy-de-DOme, 
at  a  railway  junction,  250  miles  S.S.E.  of  Paris.     Pop. 
i46,718.    It  has  a  university,  a  college,  a  school  of  medicine, 
a  library  of  35,000  volumes,  an  academy,  a  normal  school, 
I  a  botanic  garden,  a  chamber  of  commerce,  and  a  school 
I  of  design.     It  is  composed  of  two  towns,  Clermont  and 
'  Mont-Ferrand,  formerly  separate,  united  by  a  fine  prom- 
^enade.     Being  situated  near  the  Puy-de-Dome,  it  is  sur- 
;  rounded  by  volcanic  formations  of  the  most  varied  aspect. 
Chief  edifices,  the  Gothic  cathedral  and  the  church  of  Notre 
i  Dame.     In  one  of  its  suburbs  is  the  fountain  of  St.  Alyne, 
1  the  incrustations  of  which  have  formed  a  curious  natural 
!  bridge.     It  has  manufactures  of  linen  and  woollen  fabrics, 
^  hosiery,  paper,  and  cutlery ;  and  it  is  the  entrepot  for  com- 
•  luerce   between    Bordeaux   and   Lyons.      Anterior  to   the 
'  Roman  conquest,  Clermont  was  called  Nemetum,  and,  in 
.  the  reign  of  Augustus,  Augusto-Nemetum.     It  became  the 
:  capital  of  the  Arvcrni  after  the  destruction  of  Gergovia, 
the  ancient  capital,  which  seems  to  have  occupied  a  hill  4  j 
'_  miles  from  Clermont.     Christianity  was  established  here, 
and  a  bishopric  founded,  about  the  year  250.     The  city  had 
become  very  considerable  under  the  Romans,  and,  A.i>.  507, 
it  was  taken  by  Thierry  and  united  to  the  crown  of  France. 
In  A.D.  761  it  was  sacked  by  Pepin.     The  great  council  in 
which  the  Crusades  originated  was  held  here  in  1095,  con- 
voked by  Pope  Urban  II.     In  1556,  Clermont  was  declared 
the  capital  of  Auvergne. 

Cler'mont  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harford  co.,  Md., 
about  30  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Baltimore. 

CIcrmontois,  kl6R*m6N°'twi',  a  small  district  of 
France,  in  the  old  province  of  Lorraine,  of  which  the  capi- 
tal was  Clermont-en-Argonne.  It  is  now  comprised  in  the 
department  of  the  Meuse. 


Clermont-Tonnerre,  kler'mont'-ton'nair'  (Fr.  pron. 
klfiR*m6H»'-ton'naiK'),  or  Natupc,  n4-too'p.^,  an  island  of 
the  Pacific,  Low  Island  group,  in  lat.  18°  32'  49"  S.,  lou. 
136°  21'  12"  W.  Length,  10  miles,  by  IJ  miles  across. 
Surface  low.     It  encloses  a  large  lake. 

Cler'montville,  a  post-village  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  in 
Monroe  township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  28  miles  above 
Cincinnati.  It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy.  Large 
quantities  of  tobacco,  grain,  and  pork  are  shipped  here. 

Clerval,  klfiRVil',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Doubs,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Besan^on,  on  the  Doubs.     P.  134rt. 

Clervaux,  a  village  of  Luxemburg.     See  Clerff. 

Clery,  kld'ree'  (arc.  Clariacumf),  a  town  of  France,  in 
Loiret,  on  the  Loire,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Orleans.     Pop.  2800. 

Cles,  kl6s,  a  town  of  Austria,  Tyrol,  19  miles  N.  by  W. 
of  Trent,  on  the  Noce.  It  is  commanded  by  a  castle,  and 
possesses  a  Franciscan  convent,  with  a  library.     Poj).  2293. 

CIc'to  Creek,  of  Texas,  flows  into  the  San  Antonio 
from  the  N.  in  Goliad  co. 

Cleveland,  kleev'land,  a  bay  on  the  N.E.  coast  of 
Australia.     It  is  about  20  miles  in  width  at  the  entrance. 

Cleveland,  a  fertile  district  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
North  Riding,  celebrated  for  its  horses,  its  iron-mines,  an-d 
its  iron-works. 

Cleveland,  kleev'land,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of 
North  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It 
is  drained  by  Broad  River.  The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly 
and  extensively  covered  with  forests;  the  soil  is  partly 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  grass,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Capital,  Shelby.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,696; 
in  1880,  16,571;  in  1890,  20,394. 

Cleveland,  a  post-office  of  Blount  co.,  Ala. 

Cleveland,  a  station  in  Mobile  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Mobile 
&  Alabama  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Mobile. 

Cleveland,  a  post-village  of  Conway  co..  Ark.,  20 
miles  N.  of  Morrillton.  It  has  3  churches,  a  college,  saw- 
and  grist-mills,  <fec.     Pop.  500. 

Cleveland,  or  Mount  Yo'nah,  a  post-village,  capi- 
tal of  White  CO.,  Ga.,  76  miles  N.N.E.  of  Atlanta.  It  has 
4  churches,  a  common  school,  a  carriage-factory,  and  a 
wagon-factory.     Pop.  250. 

Cleveland,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co..  111.,  in  Hanna 
township,  on  Rock  River,  and  on  the  Rockford,  Rock  Island 
&  St.  Louis  Railroad,!  5  miles  E.  of  Rock  Island.  It  has  a. 
church,  4  stores,  and  a  flour-mill.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Cleveland,  a  township  of  Elkhart  co.,  Ind.    Pop  549. 

Cleveland,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Columbus,  Chicago  <fc  Indiana  Central  Railroad,  28  miles 
E.  of  Indianapolis.     It  has  a  church  and  a  bell-foundry. 

Cleveland,  a  township  of  Whitley  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  2041. 

Cleveland,  a  village  of  Jackson  township,  Lucas  co., 
Iowa,  abou|j7  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Chariton.  It  has  2 
churches  aiKl  a  public  school.  Mail,  Lucas.  Pop.  in  1890, 
807. 

Cleveland,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Ky. 

Cleveland,  a  township  of  Leelenaw  co.,  Mich.     P.  413. 

Cleveland,  a  post-village  of  Le  Sueur  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Cleveland  township,  8  miles  E.  of  St.  Peter,  and  about  15 
miles  N.E.  of  Mankato.  It  has  3  churches  and  several 
stores.  The  township  has  several  fine  lakes  and  a  rich  soil. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1154. 

Cleveland,  a  post-village  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Cun- 
stantia  township,  on  the  northern  shore  of  Oneida  Ijftc, 
and  on  the  New  York  &  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  41  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Oswego,  and  about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Syracuse.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  retreat  for  nuns,  2  window-glass-factories, 
a  tannery,  a  grist-mill,  a  planing-mill,  a  money-order  post- 
office,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  895. 

Cleveland,  a  port  of  entry  and  the  second  city  of  Ohio, 
and  the  county  seat  of  Cuyahoga  co.,  is  delightfully  situated 
on  the  S.  shore  of  Lake  Erie,  at  the  mouth  of  Cuj-ahoga 
Hirer,  which  flows  through  the  city,  affording  a  fine  sheltered 
harbor,  to  which  has  been  added  a  commodious  ship-chan- 
nel, 200  feet  wide,  flanked  by  two  piers  extending  1200  feet 
into  the  lake.  A  harbor  of  refuge,  commenced  in  1878,  is 
also  in  course  of  construction  by  the  government  of  the 
United  States,  extending  from  a  point  northerly  from  tlio 
west  pier  and  running  west  by  south  to  the  lake  shore. 
The  work  is  under  the  supervision  of  an  army  engineer, 
and  is  estimated  to  cost  about  SI, 800, 000.  Cleveland  is  also 
connected  by  canal  with  the  Ohio  River  at  Portsmouth,  and, 
in  addition  to  its  superior  water  avenues,  it  is  the  centre 
of  an  important  system  of  railroads,  branching  out  in  all 
directions.  It  is  by  rail  138  miles  N.N.E.  of  Columbus, 
113  miles  E.  of  Toledo,  150  miles  N.W.  of  PitUburg,  Pa., 
and  183  miles  S.W.  of  Buffalo,  N.Y.  Lat.  41°  30'  5"  N.; 
Ion.  81°. 42'  6"  W.     Cleveland  has  an  area  of  16,960  acrei^ 


CLE 


908 


CLI 


*r  2Ai  square  mile*.  lu  populntion  in  1310  wns  but  57;  in 
1820.  16U;  in  1830,  1036;  in  1840,  6U71  ;  in  1860,  17,034; 
in  1800,  48,417;  in  1870,  92,820;  in  1880,  1S0,I4R;  and  in 
1890  (U.S.  oensus),  2ni,363.  The  railroads  diverging  from 
Cleveliind  nre  the  Cleveland,  Coluiubus,  Cincinnati  &  Indi- 
ana|tulis,  the  Cleveland  A  Pittsburg,  the  Cleveland  A  Maho- 
ning Valley,  tlie  Cleveland,  Lorain  A  Wheeling,  the  Cincin- 
nati, Sanduslcy  &  Cleveland;  the  Cleveland  <t  Canton,  Ac, 
while  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan  Southern  pasRe*  through 
the  city.  Two  viaducts  of  stone  and  iron— one  3211  feet  in 
length,  completed  in  1879  at  a  cost  of  $2,126,000,  and  having 
a  draw  332  feet  long,  and  the  other  3931  feet  long,  com- 
pleted in  1888,  at  a  coit  of  about  $1,000,000,  with  a  draw 
of  239  feet — extend  across  the  gulf  which  cuts  the  city  in 
two,  and  are  among  the  finest  and  most  costly  works  of  the 
kind  in  the  country.  There  is  a  regular  line  of  steamers 
daily,  except  Sundays,  running  to  Detroit.  Within  the 
city  and  suburbs  there  are  10  horse  and  2  steam  railroads. 
During  the  fiscal  year  1887-88  the  foreign  imports  of 
Cleveland  amounted  to  $845,666,  the  chief  articles  being 
tin-plate,  earthenware,  willow-ware,  hosiery,  dress-goods, 
oloths  (woollen),  linens,  silk-plush  cloakings,  musical  in- 
struments, wine,  Ac,  paying  duty  to  the  amount  of  $336,- 
124.98.  The  oggrcgate  value  of  foreign  exports  was 
$469,837,  consisting  for  the  most  part  of  bituminous  coal 
and  coal  oil.  The  clearances  coastwise  for  1887  amounted 
to  $36,696,813,  and  the  entrances  to  $53,749,653. 

Cleveland  has  now  more  than  400  manufacturing  estab- 
lishments, with  an  aggregate  capital  exceeding  $3(1,000,000. 
The  manufacture  of  iron  is  the  largest  interest,  and  the  sec- 
ond is  the  refining  of  oil,  the  product  of  the  latter  amount- 
ing to  many  millions  of  dollars  per  annum.  Of  lumber, 
the  receipts  during  the  year  1887,  by  lake,  amounted  to 
331,501,000  feet,  valued  at  $9,945,040.  Pork-packing  has 
also  recently  grown  to  importance.  Cleveland  has  9  national 
banks,  with  an  aggregate  capital  of  $6,700,000,  2  savings- 
banks,  several  insurance  companies,  and  numerous  hotels; 
there  are  2  daily  papers  which  publish  morning  and  even- 
ing editions,  besides  2  other  English  and  2  German  dailies, 
and  more  than  30  weekly  and  monthly  papers  and  periodi- 
cals. The  streets  are  of  unusual  width,  well  paved  and 
lighted,  and  Monument  Square  is  made  brilliant  by  12 
electric  lights.  There  are  two  parks  within  the  city,  and  2 
suburban  private  parks,  each  of  several  hundred  acres. 
The  buildings  of  a  more  or  less  public  character  include 
the  government  building  (which  serves  for  the  custom- 
house, post-office,  and  court-house),  the  county  oourt-house, 
and  the  city  hall;  the  house  of  correction  and  workhouse, 
a  large,  imposing  structure,  which  cost  upwards  of  $170,000  ; 
several  admirable  hospitals  and  asylums,  including  a  United 
States  Marine  Hospital,  and  a  number  of  fine  library  build- 
ings, well  supplied  with  excellent  libraries  ^the  Public 
School  Library  has  a  building  of  its  own,  iRd  contains 
30,000  volumes;  the  Cleveland  Medical  College,  the  Cleve- 
land Ilomccopathic  College,  and  the  medical  department  of 
the  Wooster  University;  the  Ohio  State  and  Union  Law 
College;  the  Cleveland  Female  Seminary;  a  prosperous 
business  college,  and  a  number  of  private  and  denomina- 
tional (religious)  seminaries,  high  schools,  and  schools;  and 
it  has  a  well-organized,  well-equipped,  and  well-conducted 
public  school  system,  with  many  large  and  handsome  houses. 
The  number  of  churches  is  about  150,  and  many  of  their 
e<*fice3  are  commodious  and  costly.  The  city  is  divided  into 
18  wards,  and  the  government  vests  in  a  mayor  and  common 
council,  with  civil  and  criminal  courts,  boards  of  education 
and  health,  and  other  necessary  municipal  administrative 
boards.  The  city  was  named  in  honor  of  Gen.  Moses  Cleave- 
land,  by  whom  it  was  laid  out  in  1796 ;  it,  was  incorporated 
as  a  village  in  1814,  and  as  a  city  in  1836. 

Cleveland^  a  post-hamlet  of  Douglas  co.,  Oregon,  on 
the  Umpqua  River,  about  10  miles  N.W.  of  Roscburg.  It 
has  a  tannery  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Cleveland,  Tenn.    See  Clgavbland. 
Cleveland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Klickitat  co.,  Washington, 
?4  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Goldendale.    It  has  a  church,  a 
flouring-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  100. 

Cleveland  Mine,  Marquette  co.,  Mich.,  is  a  rich  iron- 
mine  at  Ishpeuiing. 

Cle' vers  burg,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co..  Pa., 
4  miles  S.E.  of  Cleversburg  Junction.     It  has  3  churches. 

Cleves,  kleevz  (Ger.  Kleve,  kld,'v?h;  Fr.  Cllvea,  klaiv  ; 
L.  Cli'via),  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  formerly  capital  of 
the  duchy  of  Cleves,  near  the  Rhine  and  the  Netherlands 
frontier,  at  a  railway  junction,  23  miles  N.W.  of  Wcsel.  It 
has  a  castle,  now  used  as  a  house  of  correction,  a  town  hall, 
a  statue  of  Prince  Maurice  of  Nassau,  and  manufactories 
of  silk  and  woollen  fabrics,  hats,  leather,  Ac     Pop.  9233. 


Cleves,  kleevz,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  oo.  0  IS 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Cincinnati.     It  has  4  churches.'     "' 

Clew  Bay,  Ireland,  co.  of  Mayo,  is  an  inlet  of  the  At 
lantic.  Lat.  63°  66'  N. ;  Ion.  9°  60'  W.  It  exten-ls  inl.„w 
for  about  15  miles,  with  a  nearly  uniform  breadth  ol  8  in 
Along  its  shores  are  the  towns  of  Newport,  Wc.st|ic(ri. 
Louisburgh.  At  its  uj)por  end  is  an  archipelago  of  ab.  „i 
300  fertile  islets ;  and  oi)posite  itfi  entrance  is  Clare  hlnnd 
Cley  (klee)  near  the  Sea,  a  small  scnport  of  Etie! 
land,  oo.  of  Norfolk,  on  an  estuary,  J  mile  from  the  Xoitb 
Sea,  and  26  miles  N.N.W.  of  Norwich.  It  has  a  cuMom- 
house,  and  a  trade  in  corn,  flour,  and  coal,  and  some  fisherici"' 
It  was  here  that  Prince  James,  afterwards  Juuies  I.  of 
Scotland,  driven  in  by  stress  of  weather,  was  detuinc<i  by 
the  inhabitants;  ho  was  thereafter  kept  a  prisoner  by  llcarv 
IV.  for  17  years.     Pop.  of  parish,  764. 

Clichy,  or  Clichy-la-Gareuue,  klee'shoe'-li-gl'. 
renn',  a  northern  suburb  of  Paris,  the  seat  of  machine-shonj 
glass-works,  and  other  industrial  establishments.  P.  17  :Vji, 
Clietts'  (klcets)  Depot,  a  village  in  Macon  co.,  AIn. 
on  the  Tuskcgee  Branch  of  the  Western  Railroad.  In  th« 
vicinity  are  6  churches.  The  place  is  surrounded  by  nublt 
forests  of  pine. 

Clif'den,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  43  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Galway,  on  an  inlet  of  Ardbcar  harbor.  It  has  a  Gothic 
church,  a  bridewell,  a  workhouse,  a  custom-house,  and  a 
harbor  admitting  vessels  of  200  tons'  burden.  Pop.  1313, 
Clifdcn,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kilkenny. 
Clitf,  a  post-oflice  of  St.  Genevieve  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Mis 
sissippi  River,  at  Erickey's  Landing. 

ClifTland,  a  station  in  Wapello  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Ke- 
okuk A  Des  Moines  Railroad,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Oltuniwa. 
Cliff  of  Barath,  England.    Sec  Saint  Rees  Head. 
Clifford,  klif'9rd,  a  post-village  of  Bartholomew  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  railroad  between  Columbus  and  Shclbyville, 
6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Columbus.    It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  17s. 
Clifford,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ky. 
Clifford,   a   post-hamlet   of  New   Bedford  township, 
Bristol  CO.,  Mass.     It  has  a  church. 

Clifford,  a  post-village  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.,  36  milci 
N.E.  of  Flint.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  306. 

Clifford,  a  post-township  of  Susquehanna  co..  Pa.,  about 
20  miles  N.  of  Soranton,  is  intersected  oj-  the  Jcflerson  Branch 
of  the  Erie  Railroad.  Elk  Mountain,  on  the  E.  border  of 
this  township,  is  nearly  2200  feet  high.     Pop.  1532. 

Clifford,  a  post-village  of  Susquehanna  co..  Pa.,  in 
Clifford  township,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Carbondale.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Clifford,  a  post-village  in  Wellington  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Red  River,  56  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Guelph.  It  con- 
tains 2  churches,  3  hotels,  saw-  and  grist-mills,  woollen 
factories,  an  iron-foundry,  Ac.     Pop.  650. 

ClifPs,  a  station  in  Bedford  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  railrcid 
from  Bedford  to  Mt.  Dallas,  3  miles  E.  of  Bedford. 

Clifl"'wood,  a  station  on  the  Long  Branch  division  of 
the  New  Jersey  Central  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Perth 
Amboy,  N.J. 

Clifton,  a  western  suburb  of  Bristol,  England,  in 
Gloucestershire,  on  the  Avon,  opposite  New  Clifton,  to 
which  a  fine  suspension -bridge  extends.  Here  is  Cliftim 
College,  a  large  institution,  also  a  fine-art  academy  and 
some  remarkable  churches.  It  is  a  Catholic  bishop's  ^ce. 
The  warm  springs  were  once  famous.  Clifton  is  a  part  of 
the  municipality  of  Bristol.     Pop.  26,364. 

Clifton,  a  post- village  of  Wilco.x  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Ala- 
bama River,  44  miles  S.W.  of  Selma.    It  has  a  church. 

Clifton,  a  post-village  of  Graham  co.,  Arizona,  31  uiiics 
by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Duncan.  It  has  a  church  and  large 
copper-mines.     Pop.  600. 

Clifton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Ark.,  about  28  milei 
N.N.W.  of  Helena. 

Clifton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oneida  co.,  Idaho,  17  miles 
N.W.  of  Franklin  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Clifton,  a  station  in  Cook  co..  111.,  on  the  Chicago  A 
Danville  Railroad,  19  miles  S.  of  Chicago. 

Clifton,  a  post-vill.ige  of  Iroquois  co,.  III.,  in  Chebanse 
township,  on  the  Chicago  Branch  of  the  Illinois  Central 
Railroad,  69  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Chicago.  Here  are  sev- 
eral artesian  wells.  It  has  3  churches  and  2  public  graded 
schools.     Pop.  in  1890.  474. 

Clitton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  Ind.,  in  Browns- 
ville township,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Liberty. 

Clifton,  a  decayed  post-village  of  Loui.=a  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Railroad,  23  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Muscatine.     Pop.  200. 

Clifton,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Kansas,  li 
in  Clifton  township,  on  the  Central  Branch  of  the  Union 


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Icifin  Railroad,  15  miles  N.N.W.  of  Clay  Centre,  and  21 
I||e8  E.  of  Concordia,     Pop.  of  the  township,  1349. 

lifton,  a  pcst-township  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ky.,  situated 

of  Louisville,  near  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad. 

|has  3  churches.     Pop.  135. 

lifton,  a  post-township  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  12  miles 

of  Bangor.    It  has  a  general  store,  and  manufactures  of 

ber.     Pop.  348. 

lifton,  a  post-ofBce  of  Baltimore  co.,  MJ. 
liftun,  a  locality  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  within  the 
limits  of  Baltimore.    Clifton  is  the  seat  of  Johns  Hop- 
s  University. 

lifton,  a  post-haralet  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
ampscott  &  Marblehead  Branch  of  the  Boston  &  Maine 
ilroad,  2  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Marblehead,  and  15 
^les  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Boston. 
Cliiton,  Cooper  co..  Mo.  See  Clifton  City. 
ICilfton,  or  Clifton  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Randolph 
I,  Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern  Rail- 
joid,  7  miles  W.  of  Huntsville.  It  has  a  church,  aplough- 
fctory,  and  several  general  stores.  The  name  of  its  post- 
Bee  is  Clifton  Ilill. 

Clifton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuyler  co.,  Mo.,  about  5 
iles  E.  of  Queen  City. 

Clifton,  a  post-oflSce  of  Nemaha  co..  Neb.,  about  56 
iles  E.S.E.  of  Lincoln. 

Clifton,  a  post-village  of  Passaic  co.,  N.J.,  in  Aquack- 
lonk  township,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  the  Boonton  Branch 
'  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  and  the 
tewark  &  Paterson  Railroad,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Paterson,  and 
^  miles  N.W.  of  New  York.  It  has  a  church,  2  saw-mills, 
fflouring-mill,  and  a  bee-hive  factory.  Pop.  about  600. 
1  Clifton,  a  post-office  of  Colfax  co.,  New  Mexico. 
I  Clifton,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Chili 
j)wnship,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Rochester.  It  has  a  church,  a 
pour-mill,  a  union  school,  and  a  manufactory  of  farming- 
(nplemcnts. 

Clifton,  a  village  on  Staten  Island,  in  Southfield  town- 
hip,  Richmond  co.,  N.Y.  Here  are  an  asylum  for  seamen's 
iimilies,  and  a  Sailors'  Retreat ;  also  a  Catholic  academy  and 
frphanage. 

i  Clifton,  a  township  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  has  iron- 
jbines  and  furnaces,  and  contains  Clarksborough.  Pop.  3044. 
)  Clifton,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  0.,  in  Miami  town- 
hip,  on  the  Little  Miami,  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Dayton.  It 
lias  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  253. 
'  Clifton,  near  Cincinnati,  0.,  has  a  Catholic  academy. 
'  Clifton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clatsop  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Columbia  River,  22  miles  above  Astoria.  Here  is  a  large 
tannery  for  salmon. 

*   Clifton,  Carbon  co.,  Pa.     See  Buck  Mountain. 
i    Clifton,  Delaware  co.,  Pa.    See  Clifton  Heights. 
i    Clifton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lackawannaco.,  Pa.,  in  Clifton 
township,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Scranton. 

Clifton,  a  post-town  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C.,  7  miles 
by  rail  N.B.  of  Danville.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  cotton- 
taill.  _  Pop.  in  1890,  2639. 

Clifton,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
'Tennessee  River,  about  92  miles  S.W.  of  Nashville,  It  has 
;2  churches,  an  academy,  an  iron-foundry,  a  plough-factory, 
'a  tannery,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
I  Clifton,  a  port-village  of  Bosque  co.,  Tex.,  33  miles 
'N.W.  of  Waco.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  and  a  flour-mill. 
'  Clifton,  a  village  of  Mason  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  or  near 
the  Ohio  River,  about  50  miles  N.W.  of  Charleston.  It  has 
'a  church,  a  graded  school,  a  nail-factory,  and  several  fur- 
naces for  salt.  Pop.  693.  See  also  Paint  Creek. 
f  Clifton,  a  hamlet  of  Dane  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Wisconsin 
'  River,  about  24  miles  N.W.  of  Madison. 

Clifton,  a  township  of  Grant  co..  Wis.  Pop.  999.  It 
I  contains  the  villages  of  Annaton  and  New  California. 

Clifton,  a  post-township  of  Monroe  co.,  Wis.,  about  44 
I  milesE.  of  La  Crosse.     Pop.  789. 

I  Clifton,  a  township  of  Pierce  co.,  Wis.,  on  Lake  St. 
\  Croix.  Pop.  712.  It  contains  Clifton  Mills. 
•  Clifton,  a  post-village  in  Gloucester  co..  New  Bruns- 
'  wick,  on  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  17  miles  E.  of  Bathurst.  It 
I  contains  3  stores.  Grindstones  are  made  here.  Pop.  200. 
;  ^  Clifton,  a  post- village  in  Kings  co.,  New  Brunswick,  on 
Kcnnebacoasis  Bay,  5  miles  from  Rothsay.  It  has  several 
ghip-yards.     Pop.  250. 

Clifton,  a  small  village  in  Colchester  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 

on  the  north  bank  of  the  Shubenacadie  River,  11  miles 

from  Truro.     It  has  a  good  ship-building  trade.     Pop.  130. 

Clifton,  a  settlement  in  Cumberland  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 

3i  miles  from  River  Philip. 

Clifton,  OT  Suspension  Bridge,  a  town  in  Welland 


CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Niagara  River,  43 
miles  from  Hamilton,  and  about  2  miles  below  the  great 
cataract,  of  which  it  commands  a  magnificent  view.  At  this 
point  the  Railroad  Suspension  Bridge  crosses  the  river,  to 
connect  the  Great  Western  Railway  of  Canada  with  the  rail- 
ways of  New  York.  (See  Suspension  BniDGE,  N.Y.)  Clifton 
is  a  port  of  entry.  It  contains  a  museum,  several  churches, 
hotels,  and  stores,  and  has  an  extensive  trade.     Pop.  1610. 

Clifton,  Prince  Edward  Island.     See  Campbf.llton. 

Clifton  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cooper  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Sedalia.     It  has  a  church. 

Clif'tondale,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  in  Sau- 
gus  township,  on  the  Saugus  Branch  of  the  Eastern  Railroad, 
8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  chapel  and  manufac- 
tures of  cigars  and  snuff. 

Clifton  Forge,  a  post-town  of  Alleghany  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  35  miles  E.  of  White 
Sulphur  Springs.  It  has  8  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper 
offices,  woollen  mills,  and  manufactures  of  brick  and  iron. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1792. 

Clifton  Heights,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co..  Pa., 
in  Upper  Darby  township,  on  the  West  Chester  &  Philadel- 
phia Railroad,  at  Clifton  Station,  7  miles  S.W.  of  West 
Philadelphia.     It  has  a  church  and  several  cotton-mills. 

Clifton  Hill,  Randolph  co..  Mo.    See  Clifton. 

Clifton  Mills,  a  village  of  Miller  co.,  Ga.,  15  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Bainbridge.  It  has  3  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and 
a  lumber-mill. 

Clifton  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Breckenridgo  co.,  Ky., 
6  miles  N.E.  of  Hardinsburg.   It  has  a  church  and  a  college. 

Clifton  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Preston  co.,  W.  Va. 

Clifton  Park,  a  post-village  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  it 
Clifton  Park  and  Half-Moon  townships,  15  miles  N.  of  Al 
bany.  It  has  an  academy,  2  churches,  a  brewery,  &c.  CHfto! 
Park  township  is  bounded  on  the  S.AV.  by  the  Mohawk  River. 
It  contains  villages  named  Crescent  and  Jonesville.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  2505. 

Clifton  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Auburn  Branch  of  the  New  York  Central  Railroad, 
10  miles  N.E.  of  Canaodaigua,  and  39  miles  S.E.  of  Roches- 
ter. It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  and  2  manufacturing  estab- 
lishments. Here  are  medicinal  springs,  and  a  sanitarium, 
or  water-cure.  The  water  contains  sulphates  and  carbo- 
nates of  lime  and  of  magnesia.     Pop.  in  1890,  1297. 

Clifton  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfax  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  21  miles  W.  of  Alexandria. 
It  has  2  churches  and  2  saw-mills. 

Clif'tonville,  a  hamlet  of  Noxubee  co..  Miss.,  9  miles 
from  Brookville  Station.     It  has  3  stores  and  a  steam-mill. 

Clif'ty,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co..  Ark. 

Clifty,  a  township  of  Bartholomew  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1133. 

Clifty,  a  postioffice  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind.     See  Mh,fo«i>. 

Clifty,  a  post-village  of  Todd  co.,  Ky.,  19  miles  S.  of 
Greenville.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  100. 

Clifty,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  W.  Va.,  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Hawk's  Nest  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Clifty  Creek,  of  Alabama,  flows  S.  into  Sipsey  River, 
in  AValker  co. 

Clifty  Creek,  of  Indiana,  rises  in  Rush  co.,  and,  flow- 
ing S.W.  about  50  miles,  enters  the  Driftwood  Fork  of  White 
River  3  miles  below  Columbus. 

Clifty  Creek,  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Kentucky,  flows 
through  the  S.E.  part  of  Muhlenburg  co.  into  Muddy  Creek. 

Clifty  Creek,  of  Jefierson  co.,  Ind.,  falls  into  the  Ohio 
1  mile  below  Madison. 

Cli'max,  a  post-village  of  Decatur  co.,  Ga.,  8  miles  by 
rail  B.  of  Bainbridge.     Station,  Bainbridge  Junction. 

Climax,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Iowa,  in 
West  township,  7  miles  S.  of  Emerson  Railroad  Station. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Climax,  a  post-village  of  Greenwood  co.,  Kansas,  8 
miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Eureka. 

Climax,  a  post-village  of  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.,  in  Cli- 
max township,  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Lake  Huron  Railroad,  10 
miles  S.W.  of  the  town  of  Battle  Creek.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  bank,  flour-  and  lumber-mills,  and  a  graded  school.  Pop. 
in  1890,  369;  of  the  township,  1476, 

Climbing  (klim'ing)  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Woodbury 
CO.,  Iowa. 

Clinch,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an  area 
of  about  1000  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by 
the  Allapaha  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  mostly 
covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  sandy  and  not  rich.  It 
produces  some  Indian  corn,  cotton,  Ac.  This  county  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Atlantic  <fc  Gulf  Railroad.  Capital,  Homer- 
ville.     Pop.  in  1870,  3946;  in  1880,  4138  j  in  1890,  6652. 


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Clinch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  oc,  Tenn.,  about  2 
miles  (direct)  S.  by  E.  of  Sneedville,  the  capital  of  the 
oountr.     It  hns  2  general  stores. 

Clinch  Mountain,  a  long  mountnin-ridge  of  Virginia 
and  East  Tennessee,  extends  between  the  Clinch  Uivor  and 
the  Holston.  The  valley  of  the  Clinch  River  is  bounded  on 
the  S.E.  by  this  ridge. 

Clinch'port,  a  post-hnmlet  of  Scott  oo.,  Va.,  12  miles 
by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Gate  City.     Pon.  100. 

Clinch  River,  rises  in  Tazewell  co.,  Va.,  runs  south- 
westwnrd  through  Russell  and  Scoit  cos.,  and  enters  East 
Tennessee.  It  subsequently  flows  in  a  W.S.W.  direction, 
and  unites  with  the  Uolston  River  at  Kingston,  in  Roane 
00.  The  btronm  formed  by  this  confluence  is  the  Tennessee 
River.  The  Clinch  is  about  300  miles  long.  Half  of  it  is 
in  the  state  of  Tennessee.  The  upper  part  of  its  valley  is 
bounded  by  long  ridges  called  Clinch  and  Powell  Mountains. 

Clinch  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anderson  oo.,  Tenn., 
on  or  near  the  Clinch  River. 

Clinch  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
river  of  the  snme  name,  15  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Gate  City. 

Clines,  lilinz,  township,  Catawba  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1904. 

Cline's  Ittill,  a  station  in  Wetzel  oo.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Baltimore  A  Ohio  Riiilroad,  47  miles  S.E.  of  Wheeling. 

Cling'man's  Peak,  North  Carolina,  is  a  peak  of  the 
Black  Mountains,  in  Yuncey  co.  Thomas  Clinginan  com- 
puted its  altitude  to  be  6941  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 
According  to  the  measurement  of  Prof.  Guyot,  it  is  666U 
feet  high. 

Clin'ton,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an 
area  of  about  450  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Kaskaskia  River  and  Shoal  Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  The  prairies  of  this  county  are 
more  extensive  than  the  forests.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  has  beds  of  coal  and 
good  limestone.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Ohio  & 
Mississippi  and  the  Louisville,  Evansville  &  St.  Louis  Rail- 
roads, the  former  passing  throu<?h  Carlyle,  the  capital.  Pop. 
in  1370,  16,285;  in  1880,  18,714;  in  1890,  17,411. 

Clinton,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  Indiana, 
has  an  area  of  about  425  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Middle  Fork  and  South  Fork  of  Wildcat  River.  The  sur- 
face is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests 
of  good  timber;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
oats,  butter,  nnd  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
is  intersected  by  the  Lake  Erie  <fc  Western,  the  Louisville, 
New  Albany  &  Chicago,  the  Terre  Haute  A  Indianapolis, 
and  the  Toledo,  St.  Louis  &  Kansas  City  Railroads,  all  of 
which  centre  at  Frankfort,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
17,330;  in  1880,  23,472;  in  1890,  27,370. 

Clinton,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an  area 
of  about  700  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Mississippi  River,  and  on  tlie  S.  by  the  Wapsipinioon  River, 
which  also  intersects  the  S.W.  part  of  the  county.  The 
surface  is  undulating  or  level ;  the  soil  is  very  fertile.  The 
prairies  of  this  county  are  more  extensive  thnn  the  wood- 
land. Among  the  forest  trees  are  the  ash,  hickory,  maple, 
white  oak,  and  black  walnut.  Corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  but- 
ter, nnd  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Chicago  &  Northwestern,  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rnpids 
A  Northern,  and  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul  Rail- 
roads, all  of  which  communicate  with  Clinton,  the  capital 
of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  .35,357  ;  in  1880,  36,763 ;  in 
1890,41,199. 

Clinton,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Kentucky,  has  an 
area  of  about  250  square  miles.  The  Cumberland  River 
flows  along  or  near  its  northern  border.  The  surfiwse  is 
partly  hilly,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests ;  the  ?oil  is 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  gras?,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Coal  and  iron  are  found  here.  Capital,  Albany. 
Pop.  in  1870,  6497;  in  1880,  7212;  in  1890,  7047. 

■  Clinton,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Michigan, 
has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Maple 
and  Looking  Glass  Rivers,  affluents  of  Grand  River,  which 
trtiverses  the  S.W.  part  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the 
ash,  beech,  hickory,  white  oak,  and  sugar-maple  abound. 
AVheat,  Indian  corn,  onts,  hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple 
products.  The  soil  is  fertile.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
the  Detroit  &  Milwaukee  and  Jackson,  Lansing  &  Saginaw 
Railroads.  Capital,  St.  John's.  Pop.  in  1870,22,845;  in 
1880,  28,100;  in  1890.  26,509. 

Clinton,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Missouri,  has 
an  area  of  about  440  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  small 
affluents  of  the  Missouri  and  Platte  Rivers.  The  surface  is 
un<lulating  or  nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  The  greater 
portion  of  it  is  prairie.  .  Indian  com,  oats,  wheat,  pork,  and 


graM  are  the  staple  products.  Limestone  and  sandrtont' 
are  abundant  in  tbis  county.  It  is  intersected  by  tlio  ilau. 
nibal  &  St.  Joseph  and  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  it  Northern 
Railroads.  Capital,  Plattsburg.  Pop.  in  1870,14,063:  in 
1880,  16,073;  in  1890,  17,138. 

Clinton,  a  county  forming  the  N.E.  extremity  of  Nc^ 
York,  bordering  on  Canada,  has  an  area  of  about  950  squuro 
miles.  It  Is  bounded  on  the  K.  by  Lake  Cbamphiin,  and  ua 
the  S.  by  the  Au  Sable  River,  and  is  drained  by  the  Cliiiiy 
and  Saranac  Rivers.  The  S.W.  part  of  this  county  is  inoun. 
tainous.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  and  lowlands  is  I'erlilii,  and 
a  large  part  of  the  highlands  is  covered  with  forests.  Lum- 
her,  oats,  potatoes,  butter,  and  hay  are  the  chief  productiuns 
of  the  county,  which  has  also  valuable  iron  mines  and  nu- 
merous furnaces  and  bloomeries.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
New  York  <t  Canada  Railroad  and  the  Ogdensburg  <t  Lako 
Champlain  Railroad.  Graniteand  Silurian  limestone  under- 
lie part  of  this  county.  Capital,  Plattsburg.  Pop.  in  1870 
47,947;  in  1880,  50,897;  in  1890,  46,437.  ' 

Clinton,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an  area 
of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  East  Fork 
of  Little  Miami  River,  Anderson's  Fork,  and  Cajsar's  and 
Todd's  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  the  beech,  elm,  white  ash,  sugar- 
maple,  white  oak,  Ac. ;  the  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  oats,  nnd  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Uluo  lime- 
stone (Lower  Silurian)  crops  out  here.  Niagara  limestone 
underlies  a  large  part  of  the  soil.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Cincinnati  &  Muskingum  Valley,  the  Columbus  <t 
Cincinnati  Midland,  and  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Southweatern 
Railroads,  the  former  two  communicating  with  Wilmington, 
the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  21,914;  in  1880,  24,766;  in 
1890.  24,240. 

Clinton,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Pcnncyl. 
vania,  has  an  area  of  about  800  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  and 
is  also  drained  by  Sinnemahoning  River  and  by  Bald  EagU 
and  Kettle  Creeks.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  valleys 
and  high  ridges  or  hills,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  the  hickory,  oak,  pine,  <tc.  Lumber  is  the  chief 
article  of  export.  The  soil  of  the  valleys,  based  on  lime- 
stone, is  fertile,  and  produces  Indian  corn,  wheat,  nnd  grafs 
Coal  and  iron  are  found  here.  This  county  is  intersected  bj 
the  Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad,  nnd  a  branch  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  terminates  nt  Lock  Haven,  the  cap- 
ital. Pop.  in  1870,  23,211;  in  1880,  26,278;  in  18i)0 
28,685. 

Clinton,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  Ala.,  8  milei 
N.W.  of  Eutaw,  and  about  36  miles  S.W.  of  Tuscaloosa 
It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy. 

Clinton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Ark. 
on  Little  Red  River,  about  65  miles  N.  by  W.  from  Litth 
Rock.  It  has  a  church,  a  newspaper  office,  a  saw-  and  grist 
mill,  and  an  academy.     Pop.  176. 

Clinton,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co..  Conn.,  on  Lonj 
Island  Sound,  in  Clinton  township,  and  on  the  Shore  Lim 
Railroad,  23  miles  E.  of  New  Haven.  It  has  several  churciiea 
a  national  bank,  and  a  paper-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  1404 

Clinton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jones  co.,  Ga.,  abou 
80  miles  S.E.  of  Atlanta.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  362. 

Clinton,  a  township  of  De  Kalb  co.,  HI.  Pop.  1004 
It  contains  Waterman's  Station. 

Clinton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  De  Witt  co..  111.,  oi 
Salt  Creek,  on  the  Oilman,  Clinton  &  Springfield  Railroad 
and  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  In 
dianapolis,  Bloomington  <fe  Western  Railroad,  22  miles  N 
of  Decatur,  22  miles  S.  of  Bloomington,  and  43  miles  E.X.E 
of  Springfield.  It  has  6  churches,  2  banks,  a  high  schoc 
with  a  building  which  cost  $75,000,  2  newspaper  offices,  ani 
manufactures  of  pumps,  wagons,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  2598 

Clinton,  a  township  of  Boone  CO.,  Ind.  Pop.  1220.  I 
contains  Elizaville. 

Clinton,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1021.  I 
contains  Montez. 

Clinton,  a  township  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  828 
It  contains  Williamstown. 

Clinton,  a  township  of  Elkhart  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  209£ 
It  contains  Millersburg. 

Clinton,  a  township  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  7% 
It  contains  Wanatah  nnd  Haskell. 

Clinton,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  103< 
It  contains  Morton. 

Clinton,  a  post-village  of  Vermilion  co.,  Ind.,  on  th 
W.  bank  of  the  Wabash  River,  in  Clinton  township,  an 
on  the  Chicago  A  Eastern  Illinois  Railroad,  15  uiilc 
N.  of  Terre  Haute.  It  has  a  money-order  post-office, 
churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  graded  school,  and  2  bridge 


CLI 


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(3U 


I  ;r  the  river.  Several  cbal-mines  have  been  opened  here. 
|).  in  1890,  1365;  of  the  township,  3609. 
Clinton,  a  city,  capital  of  Clinton  co.,  lown,  on  the 
ssissippi  River,  about  40  miles  above  Davenport,  and  on 
;  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern,  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids 
Northern,  and  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul  llail- 
uls.  It  is  138  miles  W.  of  Chicago,  and  81  miles  E.  of 
liar  Rapids.  The  river  is  here  crossed  by  a  noble  iron 
Jroad  bridge,  about  4000  feet  long,  and  by  a  wagon  and 
)t  bridge,  which  connect  Clinton  with  Fulton,  in  Illinois, 
nton  has  numerous  extensive  saw-mills,  wagon-works, 
dge-works,  furniture-factories,  a  paper-mill,  several  foun- 
[ies,  a  chair-factory,  and  shops  for  the  repair  of  locomo- 
It  contains  15  churches,  3  national  banks,  3  other 
nks,  a  high-school,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  3 
ily  and  5  weekly  newspapers.  This  town  has  increased 
pidly  in  the  last  decade.  Lumber  and  vehicles  are  the 
ief  articles  of  export.  The  value  of  the  lumber  sawed 
Clinton  co.  in  1891  was  $3,000,000.  Pop.  in  1890,  13,6 1 9. 
Clinton,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  552. 
Clinton,  a  township  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1042. 
Clinton,  a  township  of  Ringgold  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  469. 
Clinton,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  679. 
Clinton,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  co.,  Kansas,  in  Clin- 
n  township,  on  the  AVakarusa  River,  10  miles  W.S.W. 
l"  Lawrence.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill.  Clinton 
jtation,  near  the  village,  is  on  the  St.  Louis,  Lawrence  & 
f''estern  Railroad.  Pop.  of  the  township,  968. 
I  Clinton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hickman  co.,  Ky., 
p  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Fulton.  It  has  7  churches,  2  col- 
fges,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  manufactures  of  lumber, 
jnd  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  in  1890, 1347.  See  Clinton  Station. 
Clinton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  East  Feliciana  parish, 
a.,  32  miles  N.N.E.  of  Baton  Rouge.  It  is  a  terminus  of 
6  Clinton  Branch  of  the  Louisville,  New  Orleans  <fc  Texas 
itailroad.  A  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.  Clinton 
as  6  churches  and  the  Silliman  Institute  for  Young  Ladies. 
:'op.  in  1890,  974. 

I  Clinton,  a  post-village  of  Kennebec  co..  Me.,  on  the 
pebasticook  River,  in  Clinton  township,  and  on  the  Maine 
pentral  Railroad,  28  miles  N.N.E.  of  Augusta.  It  has  2 
[hurehes  and  a  high  school.  The  township  is  bounded  on 
jhe  W.  by  the  Kennebec  River,  and  has  manufactures  of 
jumber,  sash,  flour,  <fcc.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1518. 
I  Clinton,  a  post-town  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
L^fashua  River,  and  on  the  Boston  <t  Maine  Railroad  where 
it  crosses  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  17  miles  N.N.E.  of 
..Worcester,  45  miles  W.  by  N.  from  Boston,  and  14  miles 
;5.S.E.  of  Fitchburg.  It  contains  7  churches,  a  national 
oank,  a  savings-bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  extensive 
imanufactories  of  ginghams,  plaids,  Brussels  and  Wilton 
sarpcts,  combs,  machinery,  woollen  goods,  thread,  and  wire 
,cloth.  The  Lancaster  Mills  of  this  town  employ  nearly 
1100  hands  in  the  manufacture  of  ginghams  and  plaids. 
Pop.  in  1890,  10,424. 

,  Clinton,  a  post-village  of  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  is  on 
iRaisin  River,  in  Clinton  township,  and  on  the  Jackson 
jBranch  of  the  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  28  miles  E.S.E. 
\oi  Jackson,  and  18  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Adrian.  It  has 
;  water-power,  a  bank,  a  union  school,  5  churches,  a  woollen- 
jmill,  a  foundry,  a  flour-mill,  2  carriage-shops,  and  a  sash- 
and  blitid-factory.  Pop.  960;  of  the  township,  1490. 
I  Clinton,  a  township  of  Macomb  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  4265. 
j  It  contains  Mount  Clemens,  the  county  seat. 

Clinton,  a  township  of  Rock  co.,  Minn.  Pop.  254. 
t  Clinton,  a  post-village  of  Hinds  co..  Miss.,  on  the 
j  Vicksburg  &  Meridian  Railroad,  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Jack- 
j  son.  It  is  the  seat  of  Mississippi  College  (Baptist),  which 
I  was  founded  in  1851,  and  of  the  Central  Female  Institute, 
;  and  has  4  churches. 

I  Clinton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Henry  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  Missouri,  Kansas  4  Texas  Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of  Grand 
'  River,  39  miles  S.W.  of  Sedalia,  and  about  70  miles  S.E. 
of  Kansas  City.  It  has  5  banks,  10  churches,  3  newspaper 
offices,  5  cigar-factories,  2  stone- ware  factories,  2  foundries, 
5  mills,  and  2  colleges.     Pop.  4737. 

Clinton,  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  co..  Mo.,  on  the  North 
Fork  of  Salt  River,  about  32  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Hannibal. 
Clinton,  a  township  of  Texas  co..  Mo.     Pop.  721. 
Clinton,  a  post-village  of  Sheridan  co.,  Neb.,  8  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Rushville.     Pop.  250. 

Clinton,  a  township  of  Essex  co.,  N.J.,  contiguous  to 
and  Vf.  of  Newark.     Pop.  2240.     It  contains  Irvington. 

Clinton,  a  post-borough  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  in  a 
beautiful  limestone  valley,  on  the  South  Branch  of  the 
Raritan  River,  about  32  miles  N.  of  Trenton,  17  miles  E. 
by  S.  from  Easton,  Pa.,  li  miles  from  Annandale  Railroad 


Station,  and  near  Landsdown  Station  on  the  Easton  A  Am- 
boy  Railroad.  It  has  4  churches,  2  national  banks,  2  news- 
paper offices,  and  2  flour-mills,  for  which  the  river  afl'orda 
motive-power.     Pop.  in  1890,  1975. 

Clinton,  a  township  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  about  27 
miles  N.  of  Trenton,  is  intersected  by  the  New  Jersey  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  and  is  contiguous  to  Clinton  borough.  Pop. 
2888.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  a  branch  of  the  Raritao 
River,  and  contains  the  village  of  Annandale. 

Clinton,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Canada 
line,  is  traversed  by  the  Ogdensburg  &  Lake  Champlain 
Railroad.  Pop.  2377.  It  contains  Clinton  Mills  and  Chu- 
rubusoo,  and  has  beds  of  white  Potsdam  sandstone. 

Clinton,  a  township  of  Duchess  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  169.3. 
Clinton,  a  post-village  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Kirk- 
land  township,  on  Oriskany  Creek,  on  the  New  York,  On- 
tario <fc  Western  Railroad  (Utica  and  Rome  Branches),  8  or 
9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Utica,  and  about  40  miles  E.  of  Syra- 
cuse. It  contains  6  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  2 
iron-furnaces,  and  other  manufactures.  It  is  remarkable 
for  its  educational  institutions,  viz..  Cottage  Seminary, 
Houghton  Seminary  for  Girls,  and  Hamilton  College  (Pres- 
byterian), the  buildings  of  which  last  are  stone  and  are 
situated  on  a  hill  nearly  a  mile  from  the  village.  Hamilton 
College,  which  was  founded  in  1812,  has  16  professors  and 
instructors,  about  160  students,  and  a  library  of  35,000  vol- 
umes. Litchfield  Observatory  is  connected  with  the  college. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1269. 

Clinton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Sampson  co.,  N.C.,  in 
North  and  South  Clinton  townships,  13  miles  by  rail  W.  of 
Warsaw.  It  has  a  court-house,  4  churches,  an  academy, 
orate-  and  lumber-mills,  veneer-works,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  several  general  stores.  Pop.  in  1890,  839 ;  of  the  town- 
ships, 3688. 

Clinton,  a  station  in  Clinton  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cincinnati 
<fc  Muskingum  Valley  Railroad,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Wilmington, 
Clinton,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  0.    Pop.  1800.    It 
contains  Clintonville. 

Clinton,  a  township  of  Fulton  co.,  0.  Pop.  3235.  It 
contains  Wauseon,  the  county  seat. 

Clinton,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  0.  Pop.  984,  cxclu 
sive  of  Mount  Vernon. 

Clinton,  a  township  of  Seneca  co.,  0.  Pop.  1526,  ex- 
clusive of  Tiffin. 

Clinton,  a  township  of  Shelby  CO.,  0.  Pop.  3591.  It 
contains  Sidney,  the  county  seat. 

Clinton,  a  post-village  of  Summit  co.,  0.,  in  Franklin 
township,  on  the  Ohio  Canal,  and  on  the  Cleveland,  Mount 
Vernon  &  Columbus  Railroad,  13  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Akron, 
and  53  miles  S.  of  Cleveland.  It  is  also  a  terminus  of  tho 
Clinton  &  Massillon  Railroad.     It  has  3  churches. 

Clinton,  a  township  of  Vinton  co.,  0.  Pop.  1724.  It 
contains  Hamden. 

Clinton,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  0.,  intersected  by 
the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad.  Pop.  1502. 
It  contains  the  village  of  Shreve. 

Clinton,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  in  Find- 
ley  township,  about  16  miles  W.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  about  200. 

Clinton,  a  township  of  Butler  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1132. 
Clinton,  a  hamlet  of  Greene  co..  Pa.,  in  Centre  town- 
ship, 6  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Waynesburg.     It  has  about  15 
houses. 

Clinton,  a  village  in  Lawrence  co..  Pa.,  on  th^e  New 

Castle  Branch  of  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Rail  • 

road,  37  miles  N.AV.  of  Pittsburg.     Near  it  are  2  churches. 

Clinton,  a  township  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1315. 

It  contains  Montgomery  Station  and  Clinton  Mills. 

Clinton,  a  township  of  Venango  CO.,  Pa.  Pop.  901.  It 
contains  Kennerdell  and  Clintonville. 

Clinton,  a  township  of  Wayne  CO.,  Pa.  Pop.  1178.  It 
contains  Aldenville, 

Clinton,  a  town.ship  of  Wyoming  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  834.  It 
contains  Factoryville. 

Clinton,  a  station  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad, 
39  miles  N.W.  of  Lock  Haven,  Pa. 

Clinton,  a  post-village  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C,  on  the  rail- 
road  between  Laurens  Court-House  and  Newberry.  It  has 
2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Clinton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Anderson  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  right  or  AV.  bank  of  the  Clinch  River,  where  the 
Knoxville  A  Ohio  Railroad  crosses  that  stream,  20  or  22 
miles  N.W.  of  Knoxville.  It  has  a  stone  court-bouse,  2' 
flouring-mills,  a  tannery,  3  or  4  churches,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  325. 

Clinton,  a  station  of  Harris  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  BuflFalo 
Bayou  Ship  Canal,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Houston. 


CLI 


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CLI 


Clinton*  a  post-villago  of  Hunt  oo.,  Tex.,  8  miles  by 
rail  W.  by  S.  of  Uroenville.  It  baa  2  ohurobea  and  a  pub- 
lic Robool.     Pop.  300. 

Clinton,  a  po8t-hatnlet  of  Cumberland  co.,  Va.,  nbout 
60  miloa  W.  of  Kichmund,  and  about  7  miles  (direct) 
B.N.B.  of  Cumberland,  the  capital  of  the  county.  It  has 
%  general  store. 

Clinton,  a  post-village  of  Ohio  oo.,  W.  Va.,  about  10 
miles  K.N.K.  of  Wheeling.     Pop.  257. 

Clinton,  a  post-village  of  Rock  co.,  Wis.,  in  Clinton 
township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Kailroad  where 
It  crosses  the  Western  Union  Railroad,  78  miles  N.W.  of 
Chicago,  13  miles  S.£.  of  Janesvillo,  and  59  miles  W.  by  S. 
from  Racine.  It  has  ^  or  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  hand:<ome 
graded  school-house,  2  newspaper  offices,  several  warehouses, 
and  manufactures  of  carriages  and  express-  and  ware- 
house trucks.  The  township  has  6  churches.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  2220. 

Clinton,  a  township  of  Vernon  oo.,  Wis,     Pop.  939. 

Clinton,  a  village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  a  station  on 
the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Goderich.  It 
has  a  largo  grain-  and  produce-trade,  4  churches,  7  hotels, 
a  branch  bank,  a  printing-office,  a  number  of  stores,  large 
saw-  and  grist-mills,  foundries,  and  woollon-facturies.  Salt- 
wells  are  worked  in  the  village.     Pop.  2016. 

Clinton,  a  post-town  in  the  district  of  Lilloet,  British 
Columbia,  236  miles  from  New  Westminster. 

Clin'ton-Col'den  Lake,  an  extensive  sheet  of 
water  in  Northern  Canada,  connected  with  Lake  Aylmer  on 
the  N.W.  and  with  Artillery  Lake  on  the  S.  Lat.  64°  N. ; 
Ion.  107°  30'  W. 

Clinton  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Poughkeepsie  &  Eastern  Railroad,  13  miles  N.E.  of 
Poughkeepsie.     It  has  2  Friends'  meetings  and  a  nursery. 

Clin'tondale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Plattekill  township,  about  14  miles  N.  of  Newburg.  Pop. 
about  150. 

Clintondale,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co..  Pa.,  in 
Porter  township,  on  Fishing  Creek,  11  miles  S.  of  Lock 
Haven.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  tannery. 
Pop.  about  200. 

Clinton  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.,  8 
miles  N.W.  of  Grcencastle.     It  has  a  steam  flour-mill. 

Clinton  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steele  co.,  Minn.,  on 
Straight  River,  in  Clinton  Falls  township,  and  on  the  Chi- 
cago, Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Fari- 
bault.    It  has  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  404. 

Clinton  Fur'nace,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monongalia  co., 
W.  Va.,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Fairmont. 

Clinton  Gore,  a  tract  of  land  adjoining  the  township 
of  Clinton,  Kennebec  co..  Me.,  and  traversed  by  the  Maine 
Central  Railroad.     Pop.  257. 

Clinton  HoI'Ioav,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y., 
3  miles  from  Salt  Point  Railroad  Station,  which  is  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Poughkeepsie.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Clinto'nia,  a  township  of  De  Witt  co.,  111.  Pop.  2638. 
It  includes  Clinton. 

Clinton  Lake,  township,  Sherburne  co.,  Minn.  P.  152. 

Clinton  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Clinton  township,  on  the  Ogdensburg  <fc  Lake  Champlain 
Railroad,  35  miles  W.  of  Rouse's  Point.  It  has  a  church, 
and  a  large  steam  saw-mill  which  cost  $150,000. 

Clinton  Mills,  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.     See  Clintonville. 

Clinton  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.,  in 
Clinton  township,  j  of  a  mile  from  Montgomery  Station. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Clinton  River,  Michigan,  rises  in  Oakland  co.,  near 
Pontiac,  runs  nearly  eastward,  intersects  Macomb  co.,  and 
enters  Lake  St.  Clair  about  5  miles  below  Mount  Clemens. 
It  is  nearly  50  miles  long. 

Clinton's  Mills,  a  post-ofiice  of  Crawford  co.,  Mo. 

Clinton  Station,  a  hamlet  of  Hickman  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Columbus,  and 
near  the  town  of  Clinton.  It  has  a  church  and  a  stave- 
factory. 

Clinton  Switch,  a  station  in  Boyd  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Lexington  &  Big  Sandy  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Ashland. 
It  has  a  furnace  for  iron. 

Clinton  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Blanch- 
ester.    It  has  a  church. 

Clin'tonville,apost-hamletof  Coffee 00.,  Ala., 30  miles 
8.  of  Troy.    It  has  3  churches  and  a  common  schooL    P.  100. 

Clintonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  New  Haven  co..  Conn., 
8  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  New  Haven.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  newspaper  office.  The  name  of  its  station  is  North- 
ford.    Pop.  400. 


Clintonville  (South  Elgin  Post-Offlco).  a  villHg,  of 
Kane  co..  III.,  on  Fox  River,  4  iiiilos  below  Kl(i;in,  iui,l  uo 
the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Kailroad  (Froeport  iiranch) 
39  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chicago,  It  bus  a  church,  2  flour^ 
mills,  a  cheese-factory,  and  manufactures  of  timlldible  iron" 
malt,  forks,  Ac.  Here  is  a  limestone-quarry.  Pud  ahnut 
600.  -i        ■/  f  -WM 

Clintonville,  a  post-village  of  Bourbon  co.,  Ky.  9 
miles  S.  of  Paris,  and  about  13  miles  E.  by  N.  from  Lei. 
ington.  It  has  a  church  and  2  general  stores.  Pop.  of 
Clintonville  township,  1005. 

Clintonville,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  oo.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Au  Sable  River,  near  the  Adirondack  Mountains,  2  uiilm 
from  Ferrona  Railroad  Station,  and  about  18  miles  S.S.W, 
of  Plattsburg.  It  contains  2  churches,  and  a  hirj;e  tnanu^ 
factory  of  iron,  connected  with  which  are  several  luruucei 
and  a  rolling-mill.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Clintonville,  a  hamlet  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  4  milci 
E.S.E.  of  Skancateles. 

Clintonville,  or  Clinton  Mills,  a  village  of  Otsego 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Ilartwick  township,  on  the  Susquehanna  River 
and  on  the  Cooperstown  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  at  Clinton 
Station.  It  has  a  manufactory  of  cotton-print  cloth  and  a 
lumber-mill.     Pop.  about  300. 

Clintonville,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  0.,  in 
Clinton  township,  on  the  Olentangy  River,  4  or  6  miles  N. 
of  Columbus.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  carriage-shoi). 

Clintonville,  Clinton  co.,  Pa.     See  Cuntondalr. 

Clintonville,  a  post-village  of  Venango  co..  Pa.,  in 
Clinton  township,  on  the  Alleghany,  Kcnncrdell  <t  Clinton- 
ville Railroad,  3  miles  from  Kenncrdell  Station,  and  about 
15  miles  S.  of  Franklin.  It  has  3  general  store.",  3  churcboi, 
a  bank,  and  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  estimated  at  250. 

Clintonville,  a  post-office  of  Greenbrier  co.,  AV.  Va., 
12  miles  W.  of  Lewisourg. 

Clintonville,  a  post-village  of  Waupaca  co..  Wis.,  in 
Larrabee  township,  36  miles  N.W.  of  Appleton.  It  hn(3 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Clint'wood,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Dickenson  co., 
Va.,  about  5  miles  S.E.  of  the  Kentucky  boundary.  It  bai 
3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  saw-mill,  Ac.    Pop.  350. 

Cii'o,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barbour  co.,  Ala.,  17  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Clayton.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  250. 

Clio,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Iowa,  162  miles  by 
rail  W.S.W.  of  Muscatine,  and  about  14  miles  S.W.  of 
Corydon.     It  has  a  church  nnd  3  stores.     Pop.  about  80. 

Clio,  a  post-office  of  Livingston  parish.  La. 

Clio,  a  post-village  of  Genesee  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Flint 
A  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  ut  Pine  Run  Station,  12  miles 
N.  of  Flint.  It  has  a  bank,  a  union  school,  3  churches,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  577. 

Clio,  post-hamlet,  Marlborough  co.,  S.C,  16  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Laurinburg,  N.C.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Clio,  a  post-village  of  Brown  co.,  Te.x.,  14  miles  N.  of 
Brownwood.     It  htis  a  flour-mill  and  a  store. 

Clio'la,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co.,  III.,  on  the  Waluksh 
Railroad,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Quincy. 

Clion,  kle-6N"',  a  village  of  France,  in  Loire- Inf6rioure, 
11  miles  S.  of  Paimboeuf.     Pop.  2169. 

Clion,  a  village  of  France,  in  Indre,  4i  miles  S.E.  of 
Chatillon.     Pop.  1600. 

Clip'per,  a  post-office  of  Ringgold  co.,  Iowa. 

Clipper  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Placer  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  42  miles  N.E.  of  Sacramento. 
Pop.  about  100. 

Clipper  Mills,  a  post-hamlct  of  Butte  co.,  Cal.,  in  Oro 
township,  about  25  miles  N.  of  Nevada  City.  It  has  a  large 
lumber-mill. 

Clipper  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gallia  co.,  0.,  in  Clay 
township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  6  miles  below  Gallipolis. 
It  has  a  church. 

Clip'perton  Island,  an  uninhabited  annular  coral 
island,  claimed  by  France,  in  the  Pacific.  Lat.  10°  18'  N.  j 
Ion.  109°  10'  W. 

Clisheim,  klis'him,  or  Clisseval,  klis^se-val',  the 
highest  mountain  in  the  Outer  Hebrides,  Lewis  Island,  6 
miles  N.W.  of  Tarbet.     Height,  2700  feet. 

Clissa,  klis'si,  or  Klis,  a  town  of  Dalmati.a,  4  miles 
N.E.  of  Spalato,  on  a  height  commanding  the  route  from 
that  city  to  the  interior.  Clissa  has  undergone  many  sieges 
and  passed  under  the  hands  of  many  masters.  Pop.  12U0. 
On  a  mountain  of  the  same  name,  in  the  vicinity,  is  sup- 
posed to  have  stood  the  Roman  castle  of  Andre'tium. 

Clisson,  klees^sis"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire-Infd- 
rieure,  on  the  SSvre-Nantaise,  near  its  confluence  with  the 
Maine,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Nantes.  It  has  manufactures  of 
woollen  cloths,  paper,  and  yarn.     Pop.  2241. 


CLI 


913 


CLO 


i~ 


jClith'erall,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Otter  Tail 
'>.,  Minn.j  28  miles  S.  of  Perham.  Pop.  of  township,  615. 
i  has  2  churches  and  a  chair-factory.  The  village  has  20 
Imilies.  It  is  surrounded  by  lakes,  groves,  and  fertile 
■-airies. 

Clitheroe,  kliTH'§r-o,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lan- 
ister,  on  the  Kibble,  near  Pendle  Hill,  28  miles  by  railway 
■.  of  Manchester.  It  is  built  of  stone,  and  has  a  large 
bapel  of  ease,  a  grammar-school,  a  mechanics'  institute, 
bme  remains  of  a  castle  built  in  the  twelfth  century,  and 
manufactures  of  cotton  fabrics.     Pop.  8208. 

Clitumno,  kle-toom'no,   or   Ciitunno,   kle-toon'no 
[inc.  Clititm'nus),  a  little  river  of  Italy,  in  Umbria,  falls 
pto  the  Tinia,  an  affluent  of  the  Tiber. 
j  Clivia,  an  ancient  name  of  Cleves. 

Cloch  (kldK)  or  Clough  (kldn)  Point,  a  headland 
k  Scotland,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  Firth  of  Clyde,  4  miles 
jr.  by  S.  of  Greenock,  with  a  light-house. 
I  Clock'ville,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Lenox  township,  on  the  Cazenovia  &  Canastota  Railroad, 
jl  miles  E.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  2  churches,  2  flour-mills,  a 
beese-factory,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Clogh,  or  Ciough,  kl6n,  a  village  of  Ireland,  17  miles 
'H.  of  Antrim.  On  a  high  rock  overlooking  the  village  are 
he  remains  of  an  old  castle. 

Cloghan,  klda'an,  a  town  of  Ireland,  Kings  co.,  4  miles 
J.N.E.  of  Banagher,  near  the  Shannon. 

Clogheeu,  klfth-neen',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Tip- 
berary,  13i  miles  W.S.W.  of  Clonmel.  The  principal  edi- 
fices are  a  church,  cavalry  barracks,  bridewell,  workhouse, 
^nd  hospital.     Pop.  1317. 

I  Clogher,  kl6h'H§r,  a  decayed  city  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
llyrone,  on  the  Blackwater  River,  82  miles  N.N.W.  of 
iDublin,  and  7  miles  W.  of  Aughnacloy.  It  is  a  Catholic 
Jbishop's  see.     Pop.  242. 

i  Cloghjor'dan,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Tipperary,  8J 
miles  W.  of  Roscrea  Bay.     Pop.  668. 

Clo'key,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  in  North 
Strabane  township,  6  miles  from  AVashington.  It  has  2 
ichurches. 

1  Clonakilty,  or  Cloghnakilty,  kl6h^na-kirte,  a  town 
of  Ireland,  co.  of  Cork,  near  Clonakilty  Bay,  11  miles  S.AV. 
of  Bandon.  It  was  once  a  flourishing  town,  but  is  now  in 
idccay.     Pop.  3568. 

f  Clon^deralaw'  Bay,  of  Ireland,  in  Munster,  co.  of 
I  Clare,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Ennis,  is  an  inlet  of  the  Shannon 
I  estuary,  and  penetrates  inland  about  4  miles. 
'  Clones,  klonz,  a  town  of  Ireland,  at  a  railway  junction, 
I  CO.  and  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Monaghan,  and  near  the  Ulster 
'  Canal.  It  has  a  church,  a  workhouse,  a  fever  hospital,  and 
{  sessions-  and  market-houses.     Pop.  2170. 

Clon^fert',  a  parish  and  former  episcopal  city  of  Ire- 
',  land,  CO.  of  Galway.  It  still  gives  name  to  a  Catholic 
I  bishop's  see.     Its  see-house  is  at  Loughrea.     Pop.  2619. 

Clon^fert'  and  Kil^more',  two  contiguous  bogs  of 
'  Ireland,  in  Connaught,  co.  of  Galway,  comprising  9615 
:  acres,  with  an  average  depth  of  30  feet.  They  are  traversed 
i  by  the  Grand  Canal. 

i      Clonmel,  klgn-mSl',  a  town  of  Ireland,  cos.  of  Water- 
'  ford  and  Tipperary,  on  the  Suir,  25  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of 
;   Waterford.     It  is  regularly  built,  paved,  and  lighted  with 
gas.     The  principal  buildings  are  a  church  founded  in  the 
'  twelfth  century,  various  chapels,  grammar-school,  lunatic 
asylum,  court-house,  jail,  barracks,  infirmary  and  dispensary, 
thospital,  house  of  industry,  and  butter-market.     It  has  a 
mechanics'  institute,  several  banks,  manufactures  of  cotton 
fabrics,  breweries,  a  distillery,  and  a  commerce  in  agricul- 
tural produce.     Pop.  10,112. 

Clon'mel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  3i  miles 
8.E.  of  Quarryville  Railroad  Station. 

Clonmel'lon,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Westmeath,  6 
miles  N.W.  of  Athboy.     Pop.  514. 

Clontarf,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  3  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Dublin,  on  the  N.  side  of  Dublin  Bay.     Pop.  3442. 

ClonHarf,  a  post-hamlet  of  Swift  co.,  Minn.,  near  the 
Chippewa  River,  and  on  the  Great  Northern  Railroad,  6 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Benson.     It  has  a  church,  public  and 
industrial  schools,  and  a  cheese-factory. 
Clontarf,  a  post-ofiSce  of  Dane  co.,  Wis. 
Clontarf,  a  post-village  in  Renfrew  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
S.  shore  of  Clear  Lake,  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Renfrew.   P.  100. 
Clonthal,  or  KI5nthal,  klon't^l,  a  beautiful  lake 
of  Switzerland,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Glarus.     It  is  2  miles  long, 
and  2526  feet  above  sea-level. 

Clop'per'«  Station,  in  Montgomery  co.,  Md.,  is  on 
the  Metropolitan  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad, 
24  miles  N.W.  of  Washington,  D.C. 


Clop'ton,  a  post-village  of  Dale  co.,  Ala.,  25  miles 
S.AV.  of  Eufaula.  It  has  2  churches,  1  or  2  carriage-shops, 
and  a  seminary.     Pop.  about  250. 

Clopton,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co.,  Ga.,  5  miles  S. 
by  W.  of  Eatonton.     It  has  a  church. 

Cloquet  (klo-kwef)  River,  Minnesota,  rises  near  the 
W.  border  of  Lake  co.,  runs  S.W.,  and  enters  the  St.  Louis 
River  in  the  S.  part  of  St.  Louis  co.  It  is  nearly  100  miles 
long. 

Closepete,  a  town  of  India,  in  Mysore.     Pop.  5460. 

Clos'ter,  a  post-village  of  IBergen  co.,  N.J.,  in  Har- 
rington township,  on  the  Northern  Railroad,  19  miles  N.  of 
Jersey  City.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  chair-factory. 

Clotze,  or  Klotze,  klot's^h,  a  village  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  40  miles  N.W.  of  Magdeburg.     Pop.  2320. 

Cloud,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kansas,  intersected 
by  the  Republican  and  Solomon  Rivers,  has  an  area  of  720 
square  miles.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level  ; 
the  soil  is  fertile,  a  large  portion  of  it  (about  96  per 
cent.)  being  prairie.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  cattle,  and  hay 
are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Central 
Br.anch  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad.  Coal  is  found  here, 
Capital,  Concordia.  Pop.  in  1870,  2323;  in  1880,  15,343; 
in  1890,  19,295. 

Cloud,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Iowa,  12  miles 
(direct)  S.W.  of  Knoxville.     It  has  a  church. 

Cloud  Peak,  Wyoming,  a  peak  of  the  Big  Horn 
Mountains,  near  hit.  44°  25'  N.  and  Ion.  107°  10'  W. 

Cloud's  I»iland,  in  the  Pacific.     See  Clauion. 

Cloudy  Bay,  New  Zealand,  is  an  inlet  of  Cook's  Strait, 
in  the  N.E.  extremity  of  New  Munster.  On  its  N.  shore  is 
Cloudy  Harbor,  the  E.  entrance  to  which  is  in  lat.  41°  20' 
S.,  Ion.  174°  10'  E.   Cloudy  Baj'  receives  the  Wairau  River. 

Clough,  a  village  of  Ireland.     See  Clogh. 

Clough  Point,  Scotland.     See  Cloch  Point. 

Clough's  (kluff's)  Store,  a  post-ofiice  of  Macon  co., 
Ala.,  at  Clough's  Station  on  the  AVestern  Railroad,  36  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Montgomery,  and  6  miles  from  Tuskegee.  Hero 
is  a  church. 

Cloutierville,  local  pron.  kloo'che-a-vil,  a  post-oflBco 
of  Natchitoches  parish,  La. 

Clove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Clove 
Valley,  about  11  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Poughkeepsie.  It  has  1 
or  2  churches. 

Clove  Branch  Junction,  a  post-office  of  Dutchess 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Dutchess  &  Columbia  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Clove  Branch,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Newburg. 

Clo'ver,  a  township  of  Henry  co..  111.     Pop.  1695. 

Clover,  a  township  of  Jefierson  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  868.  It 
contains  Baxter. 

Clover,  a  post-village  of  York  co.,  S.C,  10  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Yorkville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  and 
manufactures  of  cotton.     Pop.  350. 

Clover  Bend,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co..  Ark.,  on 
Big  Black  River,  about  90  miles  N.W,  of  Memphis,  Tenn. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Clo'ver  Bot'tom,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Ky., 
8  miles  (direct)  N.W.  of  McKee,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
It  has  3  general  stores. 

Clover  Bottom,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co..  Mo., 
60  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis.     It  has  2  churches. 

Clover  Bottom,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn., 
3  miles  S.W.  of  Easley. 

Clover  Creek,  Blair  co.,  Pa.    See  FREDERicKSBuno. 

Clover  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Highland  co.,  Va. 

Clo'verdale,  a  post-village  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  is  a 
fine  grape-  and  orange-growing  district,  on  Russian  River, 
and  on  the  San  Francisco  &  North  Pacific  Railroad,  88 
miles  N.N.W.  of  San  Francisco.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank, 
a  flour-mill,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  soap-factory.  It  is 
surrounded  by  admirable  scenery.     Pop.  763. 

Cloverdale,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Cloverdale  township,  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  <fc 
Chicago  Railroad,  70  miles  S.  of  Lafayette,  and  10  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Greencastle.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  public  school,  a  lumber-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  a 
saw-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  437. 

Cloverdale,  a  post-office  of  Chautauqua  co.,  Kansas. 

Cloverdale,  a  post-office  of  Dickson  co.,  Tenn. 

Cloverdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Botetourt  co.,  Va.,  18 
miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Buchanan.     Pop.  100. 

Clover  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Halifax  co.,  Va.,  about 
16  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  South  Boston.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  graded  school,  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Clover  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Harlan  co.,  Ky. 

Clover  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  20 
miles  N.  of  Trenton.    It  has  a  church. 


OLO 


»U 


CLF 


Clover  Hill)  a  post-hnmlet  of  Blonnt oo.,  Tenn.,  6  miles 
W.  of  Maryrillo  ;  hna  a  church,  a  fluur-niill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Clover  Hill,  a  hninlut  of  Appomattox  oo.,  Va.,  is  near 
Appomattox  Court- House. 

Clover  Hill,  a  mining  village  of  Chestorfleld  co.,  Va., 
at  the  W.  terminus  of  the  Urighthope  Ilailrood,  about  25 
miles  S.W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  mines  of  bituminous  Tri> 
Msio  coal,  with  a  perpendicular  ooal-shaft  120U  feet  deep, 
llcre  is  Wintorimck  Post-Office.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Clover  Hill,  a  post-offico  of  Kockingham  oo.,  Va. 

Clover  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Simooe  co.,  Ontario,  10 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Gilford.     Pop.  100. 

Clo'verland,  a  post-village  of  Clay  oo.,  Ind.,  in  Posey 
township,  on  a  railroad,  11  miles  E.  by  N.  from  Terre  Haute. 
It  htis  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  130. 

Clover  liick,  a  post-ofiice  of  Pocahontas  oo.,  W.  Va. 

Clover  Or'chard,  a  post-oflice  of  Alamance  co.,  N.C. 

Clo'verport,  an  incorporated  town  of  Brcckcnridgeco., 
Ky.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  aoout  80  miles  above  Evansvillo, 
Ind.,  and  60  miles  direct  W.S.W.  of  Louisville,  with  which 
it  is  connected  by  a  daily  line  of  steam-packets  on  the  Ohio. 
It  has  a  bank,  4  churches,  an  academy,  and  manufactures 
of  barrels  and  farming-implements.     Pop.  in  1890,  1527. 

Clo'verton,  a  post-office  of  Webster  co.,  Neb.,  20  miles 
S.  of  Hastings. 

Clo'ver  Val'ley,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Nevada. 

Clove  Spring  Iron- Works,  a  small  village  of  Bcek- 
man  township,  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  2  miles  N.  of  Beekman. 
It  has  iron -works. 

ClovesviJle,  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.  See  Griffin's  Cor- 
HEns. 

Cloyd,  a  river  of  Wales.     See  Clwtd. 

Cloyd's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Blount  co.,  Tenn., 
about  10  miles  (direct)  W.  by  S.  of  Maryville. 

Cloyd's  Landing,  a  post-office  and  steamboat-landing 
of  Cumberland  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Cumberland  River,  35  miles 
S.E.  of  Glasgow.     Oil  is  found  here. 

Cloyes,  kiwi,  a  town  of  France,  in  Eure-et-Loir,  on 
the  Loire,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Chateaudun.     Pop.  1759. 

Cloyne,  kloin,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Cork,  4  miles 
S.W.  of  Castle-Martyr,  contains  a  Gothic  cathedral  founded 
about  the  sixth  century,  a  Roman  Catholic  cathedral,  a 
round  tower,  and  the  remains  of  a  castle,  a  church,  nunnery, 
and  monastery.    It  is  the  see  of  a  Catholic  bishop.    P.  1235. 

Club  Creek,  in  the  S.  part  of  Virginia,  flows  south- 
ward through  Charlotte  co.,  and  enters  the  Staunton  a  few 
miles  S.W.  of  Marysvillo. 

Club  House,  a  station  in  Islip  township,  Suffolk  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Southern  Railroad  of  Long  Island,  and  on  tho 
Conetquot  River,  2  miles  E.  of  Islip  village.  Here  are 
the  house  and  the  trout-ponds  of  the  Southsido  Club. 

Clugnat,  klUn^yi',  a  village  of  Franee,  in  Creuse,  14 
miles  N.E.  of  Gu6rct,  on  the  V6raux.     Pop.  2191. 

Cluis,  klwee,  two  contiguous  villages  of  France,  in 
Indre,  12  miles  W.  of  La  Ch^tre.     United  pop.  2159. 

Clun,  or  Clunn,  a  decayed  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Salop,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Ludlow.     Pop.  1127. 
•  Clunas,  Ontario.    See  Springfield. 

Clnnes,  klunz,  a  borough  of  Talbot  co.,  Victoria,  Aus- 
tralia, on  Deep  Creek,  20  miles  N.  of  Ballarat,  in  a  flat 
country.  Gold-mining  and  grazing  are  the  chief  indus- 
tries.    Pop.  6068.     Here  is  a  general  hospital. 

Cluny,  formerly  Clugny,  klU^nee',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Sa6ne-et- Loire,  on  the  Gr6ne,  14  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of 
M^cun.  Pop.  4540.  It  is  enclosed  by  ruined  walls,  and 
has  the  remains  of  an  abbey;  also  a  normal  school,  a  hos- 
pital, and  a  museum.  It  has  manufactures  of  gloves,  linen, 
and  leather,  paper-  and  oil-mills,  a  large  pottery,  and  a 
trade  in  timber,  corn,  and  cattle. 

Clu'ro,  a  station  in  Eureka  co.,  Nevada,  on  the  Central 
Pacific  Railroad,  102  miles  E.  of  Winnemucca. 

Cluses,  kliiz,  a  town  of  France,  in  Upper  Savoy,  near 
the  Arve,  23  miles  E.S.E.  of  Geneva.  It  has  a  church,  a 
college,  and  a  hospital.     Pop.  1643. 

Clusium,  the  ancient  name  of  Chittsi. 

Clusius,  the  ancient  name  of  Chiese. 

Clusone,  kloo-so'nd  (anc.  Clu'eo),  a  river  of  Italy, 
rises  in  the  Alps,  al>ont  12  miles  E.  of  Mont  QenSvre,  flows 
S.E.  past  Fenestrelle,  Perosa,  and  Pinerolo,  and  joins  the  Po 
18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Turin.     Length,  about  50  miles. 

Clusone,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  17  miles  N.E. 
of  Bergamo,  near  the  Serio.  Pop.  3838.  It  has  a  church, 
2  hospitals,  a  public  school,  and  a  brisk  trade  in  corn  and 
iron.     In  the  vicinity  are  copper-  and  vitriol-works. 

Clutts'ville,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Ala. 

Clwyd,  kiwid,  a  river  of  Wales,  flows  N.  through  the 
counties  of  Denbigh  and  Flint  to  the  Irish  Sea. 


Cly'attville,  a  post-office  of  Lowndes  oo..  Qa  .  10  n^w^ 
S.  of  Valdosta.  >^^m\tt 

Cly'bourn  Place,  a  station  of  the  Chicago  <t  North- 
western  Railroad  (Wisconsin  division),  3  miles  from  the 
Kinzie  Street  Depot,  Chicago,  111. 

Clyde,  klid,  one  of  the  largest  and  most  important 
rivers  in  Scotland,  takes  its  rise  in  the  S.  part  (if  Lanark- 
shire and  the  borders  of  Dumfriesshire.  The  ori);iniil  source 
of  tho  Clyde,  popularly  so  called,  is  4  miles  E.  of  the  villnge 
of  Elvanfoot,  whence  it  flows  in  a  N.E.  direction,  rcccirin? 
numerous  tributaries;  then,  turning  N.W.  and  W.  and  enter- 
ing  Lanark  parish,  it  forms  tho  celebrated  fulls  of  Clyde,  dc- 
scending  by  several  rapids  about  230  feet,  amid  high  shelving 
sandstone  rocks  and  most  picturesque  scenery.  Its  courtu 
is  now  through  rich  and  fertile  valleys  on  to  Glasgow. 
From  this  city  it  expands  into  a  river,  which  hns  been  tm- 
dered  navigable  for  ships  of  the  largest  class.  It  now  flows 
N.W.,  dividing  the  counties  of  Renfrew  on  the  W.  from 
Dumbarton  on  tho  N.E.,  receiving  the  waters  of  the  Kelvin, 
Cart,  and  Leven.  After  passing  Dumbarton  it  opens  up 
into  an  estuary  4  miles  in  width,  spreading  northward  into 
Loch  Long,  and  southward  into  the  Firth  of  Clyde,  situiitcd 
at  the  mouth  of  tho  estuary.  Here  the  Clyde  expands  into 
a  noble  bay,  averaging  about  32  miles  in  width,  and  at  tho 
distance  of  48  miles  becomes  identified  with  the  North 
Channel.  Tho  length  of  the  river  from  its  source  to  Glas- 
gow, including  windings,  is  about  75  miles. 

Clyde,  klid,  a  river  of  British  North  America,  falling 
into  Baffin's  Bay  in  lat.  70°  10'  N.,  Ion.  69°  W. 

Clyde,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Ark.,  about 

17  milesS.W.  of  Fayetteville.     It  has  3  churches.     P.  100. 
Clyde,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Brynn  co^  Ga.,  about 

18  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Savannah.     It  has  2  churches. 
Clyde,  a  post-village  of  Cook  co.,  III.,  9  miles  by  rail 

W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Pop.  600. 

Clyde,  Macoupin  co..  111.    See  Hornsbt. 

Clyde,  a  township  of  Whiteside  co.,  111.     Pop.  109S. 

Clyde,  a  post-village  of  Jasper  co.,  Iowa,  about  26  milei 
N.E.  of  Des  Moines. 

Clyde,  a  post-village  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Re- 
publican River,  56  miles  N.N.W.  of  Junction  City,  and  14 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Concordia.  It  has  4  churches,  2  news- 
paper  offices,  and  graded  schools.     Pop.  in  1890,  1137. 

Clyde,  a  township  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.  See  Clydb 
Centre. 

Clyde,  a  station  in  Bay  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Jackson,  Lan- 
sing &  Saginaw  Railroad,  35  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Bay  City. 

Clyde,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  8  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Holly.  It  has  a  church,  and  a  cider-  and  vinegar- 
factory.     Pop.  150. 

Clyde,  a  post-office  of  Winona  co.,  Minn. 

Clyde,  a  post-village  of  Nodaway  co..  Mo.,  14  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Maryville.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  800. 

Clyde,  a  station  in  Somerset  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Millstone 
k  New  Brunswick  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of  New  Brunswick. 

Clyde,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  is  in  Galen 
township,  on  the  Clyde  River,  the  Erie  Canal,  and  the  New 
York  Central  Railroad,  38  miles  W.  of  Syracuse,  and  42i 
miles  E.  by  S.  from  Rochester.  It  contains  5  or  6  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  2  banks,  a  union  school,  2  steam  flour- 
ing-mills,  2  steam  saw-mills,  a  glass-factory,  a  manufactory 
of  steam-engines,  and  one  of  farming-implements.     P.  2((.'i8. 

Clyde,  a  post-village  of  Sandusky  co.,  0.,  17  miles  S.W. 
of  Sandusky,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Tiffin,  and  9  miles  by  rail 
E.  by  S.  of  Fremont.  It  has  2  banks,  a  union  school,  2 
newspaper  offices,  8  churches,  2  flouring-mills,  and  a  manu- 
factory of  edge-tools.     Pop.  in  1890,  2327. 

Clyde,  a  station  in  Northampton  co.,  Pa.,  on  tne  Lehigh 
&  Lackawanna  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Bethlehem. 

Clyde,  a  post-township  of  Iowa  co.,  AVis.,  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  the  Wisconsin  River,  and  intersected  by  tho  rail- 
road which  connects  Madison  with  Prairie  du  Chien.  It  ia 
hilly  and  has  plenty  of  timber.     Pop.  737. 

Clyde  Centre,  a  hamlet  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  in  Clyde 
township  (see  Clyde),  on  the  Chicago  &  Michigan  Lake 
Shore  Railroad.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Clyde  River,  New  York,  a  branch  of  Seneca  River, 
is  formed  by  tho  Canandaigua  Outlet  and  Mud  Creek,  which 
unite  at  Lyons,  Wayne  co.  It  runs  E.,  and  unites  with  the 
outlet  of  Cayuga  Lake,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Auburn. 

Clyde  River,  Quebec,  rises  in  Lake  William,  in  Me- 
gantic  CO.,  and  after  passing  through  Lake  Lomond  is  in- 
creased by  the  Black  River  from  the  N.  and  Bullet  Rivei 
from  the  S.,  and  running  E.  falls  into  the  river  Becancour. 

Clyde  River,  Nova  Scotia,  rises  upwards  of  40  mila 


CLY 


916 


COA 


I  the  interior  of  Slielburno  cc,  in  an  extensive  chain  of 
.kcs,  and  at  its  junction  with  the  sea  forms  tVo  harbors, 
illed  Cape  Negro  Harbors. 

Clyde  River,  Vermont,  rises  in  Essex  co.,  runs  north- 
estward,  and  enters  Lake  Memphremagog  in  Orleans  oc, 
t  or  near  Newport. 

Clyde  River,  a  post-village  of  Nova  Scotia,  near  the 
loiith  of  the  Clyde,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Shelburne.     Pop.  300. 
Clydesdale,  klidz'dalo.  Scotland,  the  district  forming 
ihe  valley  of  the  Clyde.     (See  Lanark,  County  of.)     It  is 
lelebratod  for  its  orchards,  coal-  and  iron-mines,  and  horses. 
Clyde  Works,  a  village  in  Warwick  township,  Kent 
lo.,  R.I.,  adjacent  to  the  larger  village  of  Lippitt.     It  has 
rint-works,  a  bleachery,  and  a  church.     Pop.  201. 
Cly'man,  a  post-township  of  Dodge  co.,  Wis.,  6  miles 
of  Juneau.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  1330.     Clyman 
'ost-Office  is  at  Clyman  Station  on  the  Chicago  <fc  North- 
estern  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Watertown. 
Cly'mer,  a  post-village   of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Clymer  township,  1  mile  from  the  Buffalo,  Corry  &  Pittsburg 
'Railroad,  17  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mayville,  and  20  miles  W.S.W. 
)f  Jamestown.     It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  and 
liieveral  mills.    Pop.  400  ;  of  the  township,  1408.    The  town- 
Iship  has  9  churches  and  2  tanneries. 
j    Clymer,  a  township  of  Tioga  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1079. 
I    Clymer  Centre,  a  hamlet  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
jClymer  township,  1  mile  from  North  Clymer  Station. 

1  Clymer  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Clymer  township,  |  of  a  mile  from  Clymer  Railroad  Station. 
Cly'mer's,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
IWabash  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Logansport,  Craw- 
fordsville  <fe  Southwestern  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Logans- 
jport.  It  has  a  church,  a  common  school,  and  a  general 
•  store.     Pop.  about  100. 

i     Clytha,  kluth'a,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Mon- 
mouth, 5  miles  N.N.W.  of  Usk. 

Clythe-Ness,  kllxn^ndss',  a  headland  of  Scotland,  in 
Caithness,  on  the  North  Sea.   Lat.  58°  21'  N. ;  Ion.  3°  18'  W. 

Clytis,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Clain. 

Coa,  ko'4  (ano.  Cuda),  a  river  of  Portugal,  province  of 
Beira,  rises  in  the  Sierra  de  Gata,  flows  N.,  passing  near 
Almeida,  and  joins  the  Douro  on  the  left,  5  miles  W.  of 
Torre  de  Moncorvo.     Length,  80  miles. 

Coa,  ko'A,  a  small  island  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  S. 
of  the  isle  of  Flores.     Lat.  9°  S.;  Ion.  122°  E. 

Co^aco^achoo'  Bay  ("Great  Owl"),  an  inlet  on  the 
N.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  150  miles  E.  of  the  mouth 
of  Mingan  River.     It  forms  a  good  harbor. 

Co'aho'ma,  a  county  in  the  N.AV.  part  of  Mississippi, 
has  an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.W.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  is  drained  by  the 
Sunflower  River.  The  surface  is  low  and  level,  and  partly 
subject  to  inundation;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton  and  In- 
dian corn  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Friar's  Point. 
Pop.  in  1870,  7144  J  in  1880,  13,568;  in  1890,  18,342. 

Coahoma,  a  post-village  of  Coahoma  co..  Miss.,  6 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Friar's  Point.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
public  school.     Pop.  350. 

Coahuila,  a  state  of  Mexico.     See  Cohahuila. 

Coal,  a  township  of  Northumberland  co.,  Pa.,  produces 
much  anthracite.  Pop.  2920,  exclusive  of  the  borough  of 
Sbamokin.     It  contains  Excelsior. 

Coal  Bank,  in  Wood  co.,  W.  Va.,  is  the  terminus  of  a 
branch  of  the  Laurel  Fork  &  Sand  Hill  Railroad. 

Coal  Banks,  a  station  in  Fremont  co..  Col.,  the  ter- 
minus of  a  branch  railroad  to  Coal  Junction,  2^  miles. 

Coal  Bluff,  a  post-office  of  Vigo  co.,  Ind.,  14  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Terra  Haute.  It  has  a  church,  and  coal- 
mining industries.     Pop.  700. 

Coal  Bluff,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Union  township,  on  the  Monongahela  River,  and  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Virginia  &  Charleston  Railroad,  26  miles  S.  of 
Pittsburg.     It  has  coal-mines  and  2  churches. 

Coal  Branch  Crossing,  a  station  in  Mercer  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  New  Castle  &  Franklin  Railroad,  1  mile  from  Stone- 
borough  Junction. 

Coalbrookdale,  England.    See  CoLEBROOKnALE, 

Coal'brookdale,  a  locality  in  Henrico  co.,  Va.,  where 
coal  is  mined.     It  is  not  far  from  Richmond. 

Coal'bnrg,  a  post-village  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  in  Hub- 
bard township,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Youngstown,  with  which 
it  is  connected  by  the  Youngstown  Branch  Railroad.  It 
has  3  churches.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Coalburg,  a  post-village  of  Kanawha  co.,  AV.  Va.,  on 
the  Great  Kanawha  River,  and  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Charleston.  It  has  3  churches. 
Coal  is  mined  here. 


Coal  Cas'tle,acoal-niining  village  in  New  Castle  town- 
ship, Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  near  the  Mine  Hill  and  Schuylkill 
Railroad,  and  not  far  from  Mine  Hill  Gap.     Pop.  500. 

Coal  City,  a  post-village  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Ala.,  6  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Pell  City,  and  10  miles  S.E.  of  Ashville.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  high  school.  Coal-mining  and  coke- 
making  are  the  chief  industries.     Pop.  350. 

Coal  City,  a  post-village  of  Grundy  co.,  III.,  13  milea 
by  rail  S.  of  Minooka,  and  9  miles  (direct)  S.E.  of  Morris. 
It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  large 
coal-mines.     Pop.  1672. 

Coal  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.,  31  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Terre  Haute,  and  17  miles  (direct)  W.  by 
S.  of  Spencer.  It  has  3  churches,  manufactures  of  brick, 
tile,  and  staves,  and  a  coal-mine.     Pop.  300. 

Coal  City,  a  post-village  of  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  in  Rock- 
land township,  on  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  at  Foster 
Station,  8  miles  S.  of  Franklin.  Here  coal  is  found  j  but 
the  place  is  mainly  supported  by  operations  in  oil. 

Coal  Creek,  of  Fountain  co.,  Ind.,  flows  into  the 
Wabash  a  little  below  the  mouth  of  Vermilion  River.  Rich 
mines  of  coal  are  found  at  its  mouth. 

Coal  Creek,  a  station  in  Boulder  co..  Col.,  on  the  Col- 
orado Central  Railroad,  34  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Denver. 

Coal  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Fremont  co.,  Col.,  about 
11  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Canon  City.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  1122. 

Coal  Creek,  a  station  in  Fountain  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Chicago,  Danville  &  Vincennes  Railroad,  9  miles  S.E.  of 
Covington. 

Coal  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Prairie  township,  about  32  miles  N.  of  Ottumwa.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Coal  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Anderson  co.,  Tenn.,  8 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Clinton.  It  has  5  churches.  In  the 
vicinity  are  important  mines  of  coal,  which  are  connected 
with  the  railroad  by  a  branch  line.  The  village  is  on  this 
branch  line,  1  mile  from  Coal  Creek  Junction.  Pop.  of 
main  village,  1865. 

Coal  Dale,  a  station  in  Muskingum  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Zanesville. 

CoaI'dale,  a  mining  village  of  Bedford  co..  Pa.,  is  in 
Broad  Top  township,  on  or  near  Broad  Top  Mountain,  2 
miles  from  Riddlesburg  Railroad  Station,  and  about  32 
miles  S.S.B.  of  Altoona.  It  has  2  churches.  Coal  is  mined 
here.    P.  262.    The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Six-Mile  Run. 

Coaldale,  a  post-village  of  Rahn  township,  Schuylkill 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Tamaqua  Branch  of  the  New  Jersey  Central 
Railroad,  a  few  miles  N.E.  of  Tamaqua.  Here  are  coal- 
mines and  coal-breakers. 

Coaldale,  a  post-office  of  Mercer  co.,  W.  Va. 

Coales'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co..  Mo.,  11 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Clinton.  It  has  2  general  stores,  a  black- 
smith's-shop,  and  other  business  houses. 

Coal'field,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Central  Railroad  of  Iowa,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Albia.  It  has  a 
church,  a  general  store,  and  a  coal-mine.  Pop.  about  200, 
mostly  miners. 

Coalfield,  a  villnge  of  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  Fort  Scott  <fc  Gulf  Railroad,  43  miles  S.  by 
W.  from  Fort  Scott.     It  has  coal-mines  and  2  churches. 

Coalfield,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  Tenn.,  20  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Clinton. 

Coalfield,  a  station  in  Chesterfield  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  13  miles  W.  of  Richmond. 
Near  this  place  are  important  mines  of  Triassio  coal.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Midlothian. 

Coal  Fields,  in  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  is  connected  by  a 
railroad,  4  miles  long,  with  Struther's  Station  on  the  Law- 
rence Railroad,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Youngstown.  Here  coal  is 
mined. 

Coal  Fire,  a  post-office  of  Pickens  co.,  Ala.,  20  miles 
E.  of  Columbus,  Miss. 

Coal  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.,  on  or 
near  the  Ohio  River,  about  3  miles  above  Iionton.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  fire-brick. 

Coal  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  co..  Ark.,  14  miles 
by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Clarksville.  It  has  2  churches,  2  news- 
paper offices,  and  a  colliery.     Pop.  802. 

Coal  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Muskingum  co.,  0. 

Coal  Hill,  in  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  is  the  terminus  of  a 
branch  of  the  Schuylkill  Valley  Railroad. 

Coal  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  10  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Oil  City. 

Coal  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Henrico  co.,  Va. 

Coal  Hills,  a  station  on  the  Cincinnati,  Rockport  & 
Southwestern  Railroad,  1  mile  S.  of  Ferdinand  Station,  Ind. 


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916 


COA 


CoRl'ing,  ft  port-village  of  Tusoiiloosa  co.,  Ala.,  14  miles 
by  rail  B.  by  S.  of  TtiRcnloosa.  It  has  3  churches,  separate 
Mhools  for  white  and  colored,  and  5  general  stores.  Coal- 
mining is  the  chief  industry.     Pop,  4U0. 

Coal  Island,  a  village  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Tyrone,  4 
miles  N.B.  of  Dungannon.     Pop.  598.     Here  coal  is  mined. 

Coal  Kiln  (kll)  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Cumberland 
CO.,  Me.,  in  Scarborough  township,  2  miles  from  Gorham 
Station.     It  has  a  church  and  a  soap-factory. 

ConI  Mines,  a  station  in  Jasper  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the  Jas- 
per County  Coal  Uailwiiy,  3i  miles  S.  of  Newton. 

ConI  i>Iines,a  station  and  village  in  Portsmouth  town- 
Khip,  Newport  co.,  R.I.,  on  the  W.  shore  of  the  island  of 
Aquidneck  (see  Hhodb  Island),  and  on  the  Old  Colony 
Hailroad,'J  miles  N.  of  Newport.  Here  are  2  mines  of  anthra- 
cite coal,  and  a  copper-smelting  furnace  which  uses  South 
American  ore  and  Rhode  Island  coal.     Pop.  320. 

CohI  Mines,  a  post-village  of  Queens  oo.,  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  the  navigable  river  Salmon,  77  miles  N.  of  St. 
John.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Coal'mont,  a  post-village  of  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Carbon  township,  on  Shoup's  Branch  of  the  Huntingdon  & 
Broad  Top  Railroad,  28  miles  Ly  rail  S.  of  Huntingdon. 
Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  about  150. 

Coal  Mountain,  a  post- village  of  Forsyth  co.,  Ga.,  13 
miles  N.W.  of  Flowery  Branch  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  wagon-factory.  Gold  is  found  near  it.  Pop. 
about  300. 

Coal  Point,  a  hamlet  in  Schuyler  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
North  Central  Railroad,  1  mile  N.  of  Watkins.  Here  large 
quantities  of  semi-bituminous  coal  from  Pennsylvania  are 
stored  for  shipment  by  rail.     Pop.  about  50. 

Coal 'port,  a  station  in  Jefferson  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Bur- 
lington <t  Missouri  River  Railroad,  40  miles  W.  of  Bur- 
lington. 

Coalport,  a  hamlet  of  Coshocton  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio 
Canal,  5  miles  S.  of  Coshocton,  and  i  mile  from  Franklin 
Station.     Coal  is  shipped  here. 

Coalport,  Meigs  co.,  0.    See  Pomerot. 

Coal  Port,  a  post-borough  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  13 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  La  Jose,  and  19  miles  S.  of  Clearfield. 
It  has  6  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  public 
school,  coal-mines,  a  saw-mill,  and  numerous  general  stores 
and  business  houses.     Pop.  855. 

Coal  River,  West  Virginia,  rises  in  Raleigh  co.,  runs 
northwestward  through  Boone  co.,  and  enters  the  Kanawha 
River  at  St.  Albans,  14  miles  W.  of  Charleston.  It  is  nearly 
80  miles  long.     Good  coal  abounds  on  its  banks  in  Boone  co. 

Coal  River  Marsh'es,  a  post-office  of  Raleigh  co., 
"W.Va.,  is  at  Trap  Hill. 

Coal  Run,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  Ky. 

Coal  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  0.,  in 
Waterford  township,  on  the  Muskingum  River,  16  miles 
above  Marietta.  It  has  coal-mines  and  2  churches.  Pop.  203. 

Coal  Shaft,  a  station  in  Sangamon  co.,  III.,  on  the 
Springfield  division  of  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  2 
miles  N.W.  of  Springfield. 

Coal  Si'ding,  a  station  in  Franklin  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Leavenworth,  Lawrence  A  Galveston  Railroad,  4  miles  N. 
of  Ottawa.     Here  coal  is  shipped. 

Coalsmouth,  W.  Va.    See  Sai\t  Albans. 

Coal  Switch,  a  station  in  Schuyler  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Northern  Central  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Havana. 

Coal'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Iowa,  about  14 
miles  N.W.  of  Albia. 

Coalton,  a  post-village  of  Boyd  co.,  Ky.,  12  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Ashland.  It  has  mines  of  bh>ck-coal,  excel- 
lent for  iron-furnaces;  also  a  church. 

Coalton,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  0.,  5  miles  by 
'rail  N.  of  Jackson.     It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  1459. 

Coal'town,  East  and  West,  two  adjacent  villages  of 
Scotland,  co.  of  Fife,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Kirkcaldy,  inhabited 
by  colliers. 

Coal  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Rock  Island  co.,  111.,  in 
Coal  Valley  township,  on  the  Peoria  <k  Rock  Island  Rail- 
road, 13  miles  S.E.  of  Davenport,  Iowa.  A  large  quantity 
of  coal  is  mined  here,  and  exported.  The  township  has 
6  or  6  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  700. 

Coal  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Pittsburg,  Virginia  <fc  Charleston  Railroad,  18  miles  S. 
of  Pittsburg.     It  has  coal-mines  and  a  church. 

Coal  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Great  Kanawha  River,  and  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio 
Railroad.     Coal  is  mined  and  shipped  here. 

CoaI'ville,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Leicester,  5 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Ashby-de-la-Zouch. 

CoaI'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  III.,  on  the 


Vermilion  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Pekin  A  Southwegten 
Railroad,  2  miles  S.  of  Streator. 

Coalville,  a  post-village  of  AVebster  co.,  Towa,  in  1' 
ont  Valley  township,  on  or  near  the  Des  Moincx  Ki 
miles  S.E.  of  Fort  bodge.     It  has  coal-mines  and  u  gi 
school. 

Coalville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Summit  co.,  Ut«h 
on  the  Weber  River,  and  on  the  Summit  County  Hnilroad  ii 
the  E.  base  of  the  Wahsatch  Mountains,  about  3B  miles  K.  L^ 
N.  from  Salt  Lake  City.     Con  1  is  found  here.    Po|).  1160.    " 

Coal  Works,  the  terminus  of  the  Plum  Creek  Kail 
road,  I"  miles  by  rail  N.E.  from  Pittsburg,  I'a. 

Coanza,  Quanza,  or  Knanza,  kp-ftn'za,  a  rivc^ 
of  Western  Africa,  enters  the  Atlantic  near  lat.'9°  10' .'> 
and  Ion.  14°  22'  E.,  after  a  rapid  course  of  50U  miles.  It  i 
navigable  for  over  100  miles  by  steamships. 

Coarraze,  kwauMti/.',  a  village  of  France,  in  Bosgea 
Pyr6n6es,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Pau.     It  has  linen-weaving. 

Coast  Range,  a  long  range  of  mountains  in  Califor 
nia,  nearly  parallel  to  the  Pacific  coast,  and  almost  cu 
extensive  with  the  length  of  the  state.  It  forms  the  south 
western  boundary  of  the  great  central  valley  of  Californiii 
and  consists  of  a  series  of  ridges,  which,  with  the  intcrvcnin 
valleys,  occupy  a  tract  about  40  miles  wide.  Between  thcs 
ridges  are  many  long  and  narrow  valleys  remarkable  fu 
fertility  and  salubrity.  The  Coast  Range  ond  the  Sicrr 
Nevada  unite  near  Shasta  on  the  north,  and  near  Fort  Tcjoi 
on  the  south.  Among  its  highest  peaks  are  San  Bernardinc 
which  rises  11,600  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  Moiin 
Ripley  (7500  feet),  and  Mount  Diablo  (3870  feet).  Tli 
Coast  Range  is  composed  of  cretaceous  rocks,  which  contuii 
coal,  asphaltum,  and  cinnabar. 

Coat'bridge,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Lanark,  9 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Glasgow,  and  on  the  Monkland  Cann! 
It  is  the  chief  centre  of  the  iron-manufacture  in  Scotland 
Pop.  15,702. 

Coatesville,  ksts'vll,  a  post-village  of  Hendricks  co 
Ind.,  in  Clay  township,  on  the  Terre  Haute  &,  Indianapuli 
Railroad,  28  miles  W.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  2  churcbe 
and  a  woollen-mill. 

Coatesville,  a  post-borough  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  i 
finely  situated  in  Chester  Valley,  on  the  West  Branch  o 
Brandywine  Creek,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  3 
miles  W.  of  Philadelphia,  39  miles  S.  of  Reading,  and  3 
miles  N.W.  of  Wilmington.  It  is  connected  with  the  hit 
two  towns  by  the  Wilmington  &  Reading  Railroad.  It  con 
tains  8  churches,  2  national  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  i 
tannery,  several  sash-factories,  5  rolling-mills,  a  brick-kiln 
lime-kilns,  a  bone-mill,  boiler- works, an  artificial  ice-factorj 
a  torpedo-cap  factory.  Here  is  a  railroad  bridge  abuu 
900  feet  long.     Pop.  in  1880,  2766;  in  1890,  3680. 

Coaticook,  ko-at'?-ko6k,  a  village  in  Stanstcad  co 
Quebec,  on  the  Coaticook  River,  and  on  the  Grand  Trim 
Railroad,  122  miles  S.E.  of  Montreal.  It  is  a  port  of  cntr_i 
and  contains  4  churches,  several  hotels,  a  branch  bank, 
printing-office  issuing  a  weekly  newspaper,  saw-  and  grifl 
mills,  and  manufactories  of  mowing-machines,  leather,  fui 
niture,  sashes,  doors,  matches,  washing-machines,  churni 
iron  castings,  boots  and  shoes,  <fec.     Pop.  1160. 

Coaticook  River  rises  in  the  state  of  Vermont,  nm 
entering  Compton  co.,  Quebec,  runs  N.E.  into  the  St.  Francii 
On  the  river,  a  mile  from  the  village  of  Coaticook,  is  a  seri< 
of  cascades,  extending  over  a  mile  in  length.  The  river  run 
through  a  chasm  80  or  90  feet  deep. 

Co'ato'pii,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sumter  co.,  Ala.,  on  th 
Alabama  Central  Railroad,  66  miles  AV.  of  Selma.  It  has 
or  2  stores. 

Coatsburg,  kots'burg,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co.,  Ill 
in  Honey  Creek  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington 
Quiney  Railroad  and  the  Wabash  Railroad,  16  miles  E.N.I 
of  Quiney.    It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  an 
nurseries.     Pop.  in  1890,  308. 

Coat's  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barry  co.,  Mich., 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Hastings.     It  has  2  general  stores. 

Coats'town,  a  post-office  of  Sumner  co.,  Tenn. 

Coats'ville,  a  post-village  of  Schuyler  co..  Mo.,  on  th 
St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern  Railroad,  31  miles  I 
of  Kirksville.     It  has  2  churches  and  several  stores. 

Coatzaconlcos,  ko-&t-sS,-ko-fl,rkoce,  a  river  of  th 
Isthmus  of  Tehuantepec,  Mexico,  rises  in  a  little-know 
region  of  the  Sierra  Madre,  drains  a  considerable  area,  an 
discharges  its  waters  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  at  a  point  12 
miles  S.E.  of  Vera  Cruz.  There  are  14  feet  of  water  on  i 
bar,  and  above  it  the  depth  holds  20  feet  for  some  30  mile 
Minatitlan  is  the  most  important  place  on  the  river. 

Coazzo,  ko-&t'so,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Torii 
13  miles  E.S.E.  of  Susa.     Poo.  3897. 


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917 


COB 


Co'balt,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Conn.,  in  Port- 
ad  and  Chatham  townships,  on  the  New  Haven,  Middle- 
wn  &  AVillimantic  llailroad,  5  or  6  miles  E.  of  Middletown, 
id  adjacent  to  Middle  Haddam.  It  has  a  mine  of  cobalt, 
id  manufactures  of  bells,  britannia-ware,  flour,  and  coffin- 
immings. 

IjCoban,  ko-b3.n',  or  Cobam,ko-bim',  a  townof  Quate- 
lula,  capital  of  the  department  of  Alta  Vera  Paz,  90  miles 
.  of  the  city  of  Guatemala.     It  has  an  agreeable  climate, 
id  a  trade  in  hides,  skins,  coflee,  sarsaparilla,  and  rubber, 
ilevation,  4;i06  feet.     It  was  anciently  called  Ciudad  Im- 
Brial,  in  honor  of  Charles  V.     Its  people  are  mostly  In- 
lans  of  the  Kekchi  race.     Pop.  18,000. 
I  Cobb,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an 
j-ca  of  about  400  square  miles.     It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E. 
k  the  Chattahoochee  River,  and  is  drained  by  Pumpkin- 
line  and  Sweetwater  Creeks.    The  surface  is  diversified  by 
igh  hills  or  mountains,  among  which  Kcnesaw  Mountain 
scs  about  1828  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.     The  soil  is 
'srtile.     Cotton,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
Iroducts.    Among  the  minerals  of  this  county  are  gold, 
{jpper,  and  granite.     It  is  intersected  by  the  Western  & 
'alantic    llailroad.      Capital,    Marietta.      Pop.   in    1870, 
3,814;  in  1880,  20,748;  in  1890,  22,286. 
Cobb,  a  post-village  of  Iowa  co.,  Wis.,  10  miles  by  rail 
V.  of  Dodgeville.     It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded 
chool,  a  wagon-factory,  and  a  cheese- factory.     Pop.  400. 
Cobbe,  a  town  of  Central  Africa.     See  Kobbe. 
Cob'bler's  Island  is  on  the  north  side  of  Bonavista 
Jay,  Newfoundland,  10  miles  from  Green's  Pond.    Pop.  97. 
Cob^bosseecon'tee  Waters,  in  the  S.  part  of  Ken- 
lebec  CO.,  Me.,  a  beautiful  sheet  of  water,  connected  with 
i  number  of  smaller  ponds.     Length,  about  7  miles.     Its 
lUtlet,  the  Cobbosseecontec  lliver,  flows  into  the  Kennoboc. 
t   Cobb  River,  Minnesota,  rises  in  Freeborn  co.,  drains 
bart  of  Faribault  co.,  runs  northwestward,  and  enters  the 
(je  Sueur  River  in  Blue  Earth  co.,  7  miles  S.  of  Mankato. 
I   Cobb's  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  forms  part  of  the  bound- 
ary between  Delaware  and  Philadelphia  cos.,  and  enters 
JDarby  Creek  about  a  mile  below  Darby. 
j    Cobb's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Matthews  co.,  Va. 
I    Cobb  Switch,  a  post-office  of  Lowndes  co.,  Miss.,  on 
!;he  Columbus  Branch  Railroad,  about  9  miles  W.S.W.  of 
polumbus. 

I  Cobb'ville,  a  post-office  of  Telfair  co.,  Qa. 
I  Cob'deii,  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  111.,  on  the  Illinois 
.Central  Railroad,  42  miles  N.  of  Cairo,  and  15  miles  S.  of 
;Carbondale.  It  has  5  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  2 
jflour-mills,  and  2  lumber-mills.  Pop.  in  1890,  994.  The 
loitizens  of  Cobden  are  mainly  engaged  in  the  culture  and 
shipment  of  fruits  and  vegetables. 

;  Cob'do,  or  Kob'do,  a  city  in  the  N.W.  of  Mongolia, 
jon  the  Iso,  a  tributary  of  the  Chabkan,  in  lat.  48°  N.,  Ion. 
(91°  E.  It  is  said  to  contain  2000  houses. 
':  Cob'ham,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  4i  miles 
;W.  of  Rochester.  Near  the  church  are  monumental  brasses 
;  of  the  Barons  of  Cobham. 

Cobliam,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  9  miles 
N.E.  of  Guildford.     It  comprises  Church  Cobham,  a  village 
■  on  the  Mole,  and  Street  Cobham,  a  hamlet  on  the  London 
i  &  Portsmouth  Road. 

;     Cobham,  kob'am,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the  Oil  Creek  &  Alleghany 
j  lliver  Riiilroad,  41  miles  N.E.  of  Oil  City. 

Cobham,  a  post-village  of  Albemarle  co.,  Va.,  on  the  . 
Chesapeake  &  Ohio   llailroad   and  the  Virginia   Midland 
Railroad,    14  miles    E.  of   Charlottesville.     There    are    3 
!  churches  near  this  place. 

j  Cobi,  a  wide  desert  of  Central  Asia.  See  Gobi. 
i  Cobija,  ko-bee'ml,  or  Port  La  Mar,  poRt  13,  man, 
(Sp.  Puerto  la  Mar,  pwfiK'to  li  mau),  also  called  La  Mar, 
a  seaport  of  Chili,  on  the  Pacific,  110  miles  W.  of  Atacama. 
,  Lat,  22°  34'  S. ;  Ion.  70°  21'  2"  W.  It  is  a  railway  ter- 
minus, and  a  depot  for  coin,  bullion,  ore,  cotton  and  woollen 
stufls,  paper,  and  mercury.  Prior  to  the  war  of  1879-80  it 
belonged  to  Bolivia.     Pop.  about  6000. 

Cob'lentz  (Ger.  Cuhlenz  or  A'o6toiz,ko'bl5nts;  Fr.  Co- 
llence,  ko^blfixss';  anc.  Coitfltien'tes  and  Conjluen'tia),  a  city, 
the  capital  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  on  the  Rhine,  at  the  influx 
of  the  Moselle,  49  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cologne.  It  is  at  the 
junction  of  several  railways,  is  well  built,  and  has  several 
fine  churches,  a  noble  palace  of  the  former  Electors  of 
Treves,  an  ancient  Jesuits'  college,  and  a  Roman  Catholic 
seminary.  The  other  principal  buildings  are  the  churches, 
one  of  which,  called  the  church  of  St.  Castor,  situated  pre- 
cisely at  the  confluence  of  the  two  rivers,  is  remarkable  for 
ite  antiquity,  having  been  founded  in  836,  and  also  as  the 


place  where  the  grandsons  of  Charlemagne  met,  in  843,  to 
divide  his  vast  empire  into  Germany,  France,  and  Italy. 
There  are  residences  of  several  noble  families  in  the  town, 
including  that  of  Prince  Metternich,  a  hospital,  conducted 
by  the  Sisters  of  Charity,  and  a  town  library,  with  valuable 
collections  of  coins,  paintings,  and  antiquities.  At  Ehrcn- 
breitstein,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  Rhine,  there  is  a  strong 
fortress,  containing  vast  arched  cisterns  capable  of  holding 
three  years'  supply  of  water.  The  fortifications  together 
are  capable  of  accommodating  100,000  men,  while  the  m.ag- 
azines  are  large  enough  to  contain  provisions  for  8000  men 
for  ten  years.  These  extensive  fortifications  render  Coblentz 
the  strongest  place  in  the  Prussian  dominions.  Coblentz  is 
the  seat  of  a  central  and  criminal  court,  of  ii  general  court 
of  justice,  of  a  tribunal  of  commerce,  and  of  a  board  of 
taxation,  and  is  the  place  of  residence  of  theoberprasident  of 
the  province  of  the  Rhine.  It  is  a  free  port,  and  carries  on 
an  active  commerce  by  the  Rhine,  Moselle,  and  Lahn.  It 
is  the  principal  place  of  shipment  for  the  Rhine  and  Moselle 
wines,  which  are  extensively  exported.  Grain,  oil,  iron, 
and  Seltzer  water  are  also  exported,  the  latter  to  the 
amount  of  IJ  million  bottles  annually.  Millstones,  manu- 
factured from  the  lava  of  extinct  volcanoes  in  the  neighbor- 
hood, pumice-stone,  potter's  clay,  and  bark  are  articles  of 
trade.  Japanned  wares,  linen,  and  tobacco  are  among  the 
manufactures.    Pop.  in  1880,  30,o(;7  ;  in  1890,  32,671. 

Coblentz,  or  Koblentz,  a  government  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  bounded  N.  by  the  government  of  Cologne.  Area 
1754  square  miles.     Capital,  Coblentz.     Pop.  571,559. 

Coblenz,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Aargfvu, 
at  the  junction  of  the  Aar  with  the  Rhine.     Pop.  641. 

Cobles,  kobl'z,  township,  Alamance  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  875. 

Cobleskill,  kob'^lz-kil,  or  ko'biis-kil,  a  creek  of  Scho- 
harie CO.,  N.Y.,  runs  nearly  eastward,  and  enters  the  Scho- 
harie lliver  about  4  miles  below  the  village  of  Schoharie. 

Cobleskill,  a  post-village  of  Cobleskill  township,  Scho-. 
harie  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Cobleskill  Creek,  in  a  valley  between 
high  hills,  and  on  the  Albany  k  Susquehanna  Railroad,  45 
miles  W.  of  Albany.  A  branch  railroad  connects  this  point 
with  Sharon  Springs,  14  miles  distant.  It  contains  4 
churches,  a  national  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  manufactory 
of  threshing-machines,  a  shirt-factory,  a  planing-mill,  a 
sash-factory,  and  several  superior  hotels.  Two  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1822. 

Cobleskill  Centre,  N.Y.    See  Mineral  Springs. 

Cob  Moo  Sa,  a  post-office  of  Oceana  co.,  Mich.,  12 
miles  E.  of  Ilart. 

Cob'oconk,  or  Shcd'dcn,  a  post-village  in  Victoria 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  river  Fenelon,  87  miles  by  rail  N.E. 
of  Toronto.  It  has  2  churches,  3  hotels,  a  saw-mill,  and  4 
stores.     Pop.  150. 

Cobourg,  a  town  of  Germany.    Sec  Coburg. 

Co'bourg,  a  town  of  Ontario,  capital  of  the  county  of 
Northumberland,  on  the  north  shore  of  Lake  Ontario,  92 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Kingston,  and  69  miles  N.E.  of  Toronto. 
It  is  a  port  of  entry,  and  is  tlie  junction  of  the  Grand  Trunk 
and  Coburg,  Peterborough  <fc  Marmora  Railways.  The 
town  is  lit  with  gas,  and  is  prettily  laid  out,  the  broad  and 
spacious  streets  for  the  most  part  intersecting  one  another 
at  right  angles.  It  has  numerous  elegant  residences,  and 
several  fine  public  buildings,  including  a  town  hall  and  a 
Wesleyan  university.  The  latter  is  affiliated  with  faculties 
of  law  and  medicine  in  Toronto  and  Montreal.  The  manu- 
fiicturing  interests  are  represented  by  woollen-mills,  a  car- 
factory,  and  several  foundries,  mills,  and  breweries.  The 
town  also  contains  3  branch  banks,  about  70  stores,  3  news- 
paper offices,  and  7  churches.     Pop.  4442. 

Cobras,  ko'bris,  an  island  group  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Africa,  lat.  6°  S.,  including  Remba,  Monfia,  and  Zanzibar. 

Cobras,  ko'bris,  an  island  and  fort  of  Brazil,  Bay  of 
Rio  Janeiro,  about  1  mile  from  the  city,  of  which  the  fort 
is  one  of  the  principal  defences  and  is  also  a  state  prison. 

Cobre,  or  El  Cobre,  h\  ko'bri  (Span. "for  "copper"), 
a  town  of  Cuba,  10  miles  by  rail  AV.  of  Santiago  de  Cuba. 
Pop.  2138.     Here  are  rich  copper-mines. 

Co'bridge,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Stafford,  is  a 
suburb  of  Burslem,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Newcastle-under-Lynck 

Cobs'cook  Bay,  at  the  E.  extremity  of  Maine,  com- 
municates with  Passamaquoddy  Bay  near  Eastport. 

Cob'ton,  a  post-office  of  Craven  co.,  N.C. 

Coburg,  ko'booRO  (Ger.  Coburg  or  Kohurg,  ko'b65no; 
Fr.  Cobourg,  ko^booB';  L.  Melocabus),  a  town  of  Germany, 
capital  of  the  duchy  of  Coburg  (a  portion  of  the  duchy  of 
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha),on  theltz,  an  affluentof  the  Regen,and 
on  the  railway  from  Dresden  to  Munich,  26  miles  N.  of  Bam- 
berg. Lat,  50°  15'  19"  N. ;  Ion.  10°  58'  9"  E.  It  is  irregu- 
larly built,  but  has  some  good  edifices,  and  public  walka 


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•eparnttng  it  from  its  suburbs.  Principal  buildingd,  the 
Ehrer.'uerg  P&lnce,  a  residence  of  the  dulse,  containing  a 
ooliection  of  paintings,  a  library,  and  a  fine  state  bnnquet- 
huU  ;  several  churches,  a  large  arsenal,  observatory,  theatre, 
oa»ino,  and  workhouse.  On  a  height  above  the  town  is  the 
old  castle  of  the  Dukee  of  Coburg,  still  a  place  of  strength, 
and  containing  a  large  collection  of  armor,  with  rooms  once 
occupied  by  Luther.  Coburg  is  the  scat  of  high  courts,  and 
has  a  gymnasium,  and  manufactures  of  woollen,  linen,  and 
cotton  fabrics,  gold  and  silver  articles,  bleaching-  and  dye- 
works,  stone-quarries,  and  an  active  transit  and  general 
trade.  Pop.  of  town  in  IStfO,  17,106.  Area  of  duchy  of 
Coburg,  216  square  miles.     Pop.  (1890)  69,2S7. 

Co'burg,  or  Co'boiirgv  a  post-homlet  of  Porter  oo., 
Ind.,  on  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Knilroad,  48  miles  S.E.  of 
Chicago.     It  has  an  elevator,  a  saw-mill,  <tc. 

Cobiirgf  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Grant  township,  on  the  Nishnabatona  llivor, and  on  the  Bur- 
lington &  Missouri  Uiver  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Ked  Oak. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  manufactory  of  bee-hives. 

Cobnrgf  a  post-hamlet  of  Custer  co.,  Neb.,  14  miles  S. 
by  W.  of  Broken  Bow.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  100. 

Cobarg,  a  village  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  in  AVall 
township,  on  the  Nuw  Jersey  Southern  Railroad,  at  Shark 
River  Station.     It  has  a  brick-yard. 

Coburg,  a  town  of  Ontario.    See  Cobourg. 

Co'bnrg,  a  village,  penal  establishment,  and  reforma- 
tory of  Victoria,  Australia,  about  6  miles  N.  of  Melbourne. 
Its  population  consists  of  about  650  convicts  and  1500  other 
residents. 

Co'burgPenin'sula,  North  Australia,  is  an  irregular 

fteninsula,  in  lat.  11°  22'  S.,  Ion.,  1.32°  10'  E.,  60  miles  in 
ength  from  E.  to  W.,  by  20  miles  in  breadth,  connected  S.E. 
with  the  mainland  by  a  narrow  isthmus,  and  sepuratod  W. 
from  Melville  Island  by  Dundas  Strait. 

Co'burn,  a  post-village  of  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  30  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Bellefonte.  It  has  3  churches,  a  planing-mill, 
Ac.     Pop.  250. 

Coburn's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  N.C. 

Cobuskill,  a  creek  of  New  York.    See  Cobleskill. 

Cocftes,  ko-ki'fi.Ns,  or  ko-ki'6N<"s,  a  village  of  Brazil,  in 
Matto-Qrosso,  about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Cuyaba.     Pop.  2000. 

Cocaignc,  ko^kain',  a  post-village  in  Kent  co..  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  Cocaigno  River,  11  miles  N.W.  of  She- 
diac.     Poo.  900. 

Cocal'ico,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa. 

Cocconnto,  kok-ko-ni'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Alessandria,  17  miles  E.N.E.  of  Turin.     Pop.  2643. 

Cocentayna,  Ico-thdn-trni,  or  Concentaina,  kon- 
thfin-tl'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  30  miles  N.  of 
Alicante.      It  has  manufactures  of  woollens.     Pop.  0600. 

Cochabamba,  ko-chl-bAm'bd,  or  Condorillo,  kon- 
do-reel'yo,  a  river  of  Bolivia,  rises  near  18°  S.  lat.,  flows  S.E., 
and,  after  receiving  numerous  tributaries,  assumes  the  name 
of  Rio  Grande  in  lat.  19°  42'  S.,  Ion.  64°  W. 

Cochabamba,  also  called  Oropesa,  o-ro-pil'sJl,  a 
city  of  Bolivia,  capital  of  a  province  and  a  department  of 
the  same  name,  8370  feet  above  the  sea,  in  lat.  17°  27'  S., 
Ion.  65°  46'  W.  It  occupies  a  great  space,  the  houses  rarely 
rising  above  a  single  story,  with  gardens  intermingled  with 
them.  It  contains  the  government  house,  and  15  churches. 
The  streets  are  broad  and  in  good  condition  ;  but  the  plazas, 
or  open  squares,  being  used  as  market-places,  are  ordinarily 
littered  with  wares  and  crowded  with  Indians.  Towards  the 
borders  of  the  town  the  tile-roofed  houses,  with  large  wooden 
balconies,  disappear,  and  thatched  cabins  of  Indian  farmers 
become  numerous.  Cochabamba  is  a  bishop's  see.  The 
general  language  is  the  Quichua;  and  none  but  men  of  rank 
can  speak  good  Spanish.  Pop.  about  15,000.  The  name 
OiiOPESA,  given  to  Cochabamba  in  1579  by  the  Viceroy  of 
Lima,  was  never  adopted  by  the  people,  though  found  in 
maps  and  public  documents. 

Cochabamba,  a  department  of  the  republic  of  Bolivia, 
mostly  between  lat.  17°  and  19°  S.  and  Ion.  65°  and  68° 
W.,  named  from  the  river  Cochabamba,  the  head-stream  of 
the  Guapey.  Estimated  area,  27,000  square  miles.  Pop. 
850,000.  It  was  formerly  regarded  as  the  granary  of  Peru, 
and  produces  cotton,  sugar,  dye-woods,  fine  timber,  and  the 
precious  metals.  Chief  cities  and  towns,  Cochabamba,  Mis- 
ques,  Sacaba,  and  Tapacari. 

Coche,  ko'chi,  a  small  island  of  South  America,  in 
Venezuela,  between  the  island  Margarita  and  the  mainland. 

Coche'co  River,  New  Hampshire,  runs  southward  in 
Strafford  co.,  and  enters  the  Piscataqua  River  about  3  miles 
below  Dover,  which  is  on  the  Cocheco, 

Cochec'ton,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Cochecton  township,  on  the  D«lairare  River,  opposite  Da- 


ma!icu8.  Pa.,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  43  miles  N.W.  of 
Port  Jervis.  It  has  a  church  ond  1  or  2  lumb«r-mill«. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1506. 

Cochecton  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sulliran  co. 
N.Y.,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Port  Jervis.     It  has  2  luinbor-milld 

Cochem,  or  Kochcni,  ko'K^m,  a  town  uf  Pruuia,  24 
miles  S.W.  of  Coblentz,  on  the  Moselle.     Pop.  3113. 

Cocherel,  ko^sh^ h-rAl',  a  hamlet  of  France,  in  Eure  12 
miles  E.  of  Evreux. 

Coche'sett,  a  post-hamlet  of  Plymouth  co.,  Mnu.,  in 
West  Bridgewater  township,  about  25  miles  S.  of  Boeton. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  boots  and  shoes, 

Co^chcto'pa,  a  post-oftice  of  Saguache  co.,  Col. 

Cochctopa  Pass,  Colorado,  a  mountain-pass,  abnut 
25  miles  W.  of  Saguache.  Lat.  nearly  38°  8'  N.  Eleva- 
tion, about  10,000  feet. 

Cochin,  ko'chin,  or  ko-cheen',  a  state  of  India,  tribu- 
tary  to  the  British,  and  within  the  presidency  of  Madras. 
It  is  in  part  bounded  S.W.  by  the  sea,  but  a  stri])  on  th« 
coast,  including  the  town  of  Cochin,  is  in  British  territory 
Lat.  9°  48'-10°  50'  N.;  Ion.  76°  5'-76°  58'  E.  Area,  i:i()l 
square  miles.  The  country  is  generally  a  low  tract  between 
the  mountains  (Western  Ghauts)  and  the  sea.  It  is  very 
hot  and  wet.  Tea,  cotton,  cardamoms,  ginger,  and  cofltc 
are  produced.  A  series  of  backwaters  or  coact-lakcs  greatly 
advances  internal  communication.     Pop.  601,114. 

Cochin,  a  town  of  British  India,  on  the  Malabar  coa^t, 
lat.  9°  58'  5"  N.,  Ion.  76°  13'  65"  E.,  and  on  a  narrow  strip 
of  land  between  the  sea  and  the  backwater  of  Cochin.  Tlit 
Dutch  took  it  from  the  Portuguese  in  1 063,  and  the  English 
seized  it  in  1796;  since  which  period  its  prosperity  has  de- 
clined. It  still  has  a  large  maritime  trade,  exce]it  durinf^ 
the  S.W.  monsoon,  when  no  ship  can  safely  cross  its  bar.  1| 
is  a  Catholic  bishop's  see,  more  than  half  its  peo])le  bcinj! 
Christians,  partly  of  mixed  Portuguese  stock  and  partly 
descendants  of  the  ancient  Christians  of  Malabar.  P.  13,840 

Cochin  China,  a  name  sometimes  applied  to  the 
kingdom  of  Annam.  FnKNCH  Cochijj  China,  or  Basse 
Cochin-Chine,  bis  ko^ghiuo^-sheen',  is  a  French  de- 
pendency forming  with  Annam,  Cambodia,  and  TonquiB 
the  territory  known  as  French  Indo-China.  The  area  of 
French  Cocbin-China  is  estimated  at  about  23,UO0  square 
miles,  and  is  divided  into  the  4  provinces  of  Saigon,  Mytba 
Vingh-Long,  and  Bassac.  It  is  mostly  an  alluvial  plain 
traversed  by  the  river  Me-Kong  and  its  numerous  delta 
arms.  About  one-sixth  of  its  area  is  cultivated.  It  is  i 
very  hot  and  wet  country,  and  for  Europeans  is  exceedingly 
unhealthy.  The  chief  products  are  rice,  silk,  eaglc-wuixl 
cotton,  cocoa-nuts,  sugar-cane,  tobacco,  <tc.  The  total  poim 
hition  in  1888  was  estimated  at  1,991,500,  of  which  263; 
were  French,  1,679,000  Annamites,  153,000  Cambodians 
66,000  Chinese,  and  9600  savages,  besides  Malays  anc 
Malabarians.  There  were  628  schools,  with  115  Europeai 
and  11,083  native  teachers  and  25,397  pupils.  The  Catiioli 
population  numbered  5800,  and  the  Buddhists  1,688,270 
The  colony  has  51  miles  of  railway  and  1840  miles  of  tele 
graph.  At  Saigon,  the  capital,  are  a  military  arsenal,  i 
floating  dock,  and  a  marine  observatory.  The  French,  a 
least  by  treaty,  have  held  some  small  possessions  on  thi 
coast  since  1787.  These  possessions  have  lately  been  largel; 
increased,  and  to  a  certain  e.Ytent  incorporated,  under  th 
designation  of  French  Indo-China. 

Cochit'uate,  a  i)ost-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  o) 
Cochituate  Lake  about  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Boston.  It  ba 
2  churches  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Cochituate  Lake,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  is  about  1 
miles  W.  of  Boston.  It  is  3  or  4  miles  long,  and  has  ai 
area  of  about  650  acres.  The  city  of  Boston  is  mainl 
supplied  with  water  which  is  conveyed  from  this  lak 
through  a  brick  conduit  to  a  grand  reservoir. 

Cochran,  kok'ran,  a  station  in  Barbour  co.,  Ala.,  on  th 
Montgomery  &  Eufaula  Railroad,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Barboui 

Cochran,  a  post-village  of  Pulaski  co.,  Gb.,  10  miles  b 
rail  N.  by  E.  of  llawkinsville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  raasoni 
lodge,  and  a  turpentine-distillery,  and  it  ships  about  300 
bales  of  cotton  annually.     Pop.  in  1880,  836. 

Cochran,  a  post-village  of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind.,  6  mile 
by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  LawrenCeburg.     It  has  a  church, 
graded  school,  and  car-works.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Cochran,  a  station  in  Venango  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Alle 
ghany  Valley  Railroad,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Franklin. 

Cochrane,  a  post-village  of  Buffalo  co.,  Wis.,  about 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Alma.  It  has  a  basket-factory  and 
cheese-factory.     Pop.  100. 

Cochran's  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Wright  co.,  Minn 
in  Cokato  township,  in  Mooer's  Prairie,  on  the  St.  Paul  i 
Pacific  Railroad,  61  miles  W.  of  St.  Paul. 


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.  Cochran's  mills,  a  post-village  of  Armstrong  co.,  Pa., 
|4  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  3  churches,  a  woollen- 
kctory,  a  flour-tnill,  an  academy,  and  a  common  school. 
r Cochran ville,  kok'ran-vil,  a  post- village  of  Chester 
|o.,  Pa.,  about  60  miles  E.S.E.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  a 
ihurch  and  several  stores.     Pop.  about  150. 

Cochranton,  kok'ran-tgn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion 
0.,  0.,  10  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Marion.  It  has  a  church. 
I  Cochranton,  a  post-borough  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  on 
?reneh  Creek,  21  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Meadville.  It  has 
in  academy,  4  churches,  2  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  barrel- 
rorks,  2  stove-factories,  <fec.     Pop.  665. 

Cockburn  (ko'biirn)  Island,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  is 
n  lat.  22°  12'  25"  S.,  Ion.  138°  39'  53"  W. 

Cockburn  Land,  the  designation  of  the  N.  and  W. 
|)ortion  of  Baffin  Land,  including  Byara  Martin  Island  and 
wo  peninsulas  extending  into  Lancaster  Sound. 

Cockburn  Sound,  of  West  Australia,  co.  of  Perth, 
s  in  lat.  32°  10'  S.,  Ion.  115°  40'  E.,  and  is  sheltered  west- 
ward by  Garden  Island.     Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  6  miles. 

Cocke,  kok,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Tennessee, 
ias  an  area  of  about  350  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
hy  the  French  Broad  River,  and  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
jNolachucky.  The  Iron  or  Smoky  Mountain  extends  along 
the  southeastern  border  of  this  county,  which  is  mostly 
'covered  with  forests.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile  for 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  grass.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Bast  Tennessee,  Virginia  <fc  Georgia  Railroad,  which 
traverses  it  from  N.W.  to  S.E.  Capital,  Newport.  Pop. 
in  1870,  12,458;  in  1880,  14,808;  in  1890,  16,523. 

Cocken'zie,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Haddington, 
on  the  Firth  of  Forth,  1  mile  E.  of  Prestonpans.     Pop.  1221. 

Cock'er,  a  small  river  of  England,  co.  of  Cumberland, 
issuing  from  Lake  Buttermere,  and  flowing  N.  into  the 
Derwent  at  Cockermouth. 

Cock'ermouth,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Cumber- 
land, at  the  confluence  of  the  Derwent  and  Cocker  Rivers, 
25  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Carlisle.  It  is  irregularly  built, 
and  clean  and  thriving.  It  possesses  remains  of  a  castle, 
a  savings-bank,  gas-works,  library,  reading-room,  a  gram- 
mar-school, town  hall,  county  house  of  correction,  court- 
house, market-house,  almshouse,  Ac,  with  flax-  and  wool- 
len-mills, manufactures  of  hats,  tweeds,  thread,  and  hosiery, 
and  cotton-looms.    Near  it  are  large  coal-mines.    Pop.  5115. 

Cock'erwit,  a  seaport  in  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Nova 
Scotia,  CO.  of  Shelburne,  at  the  head  of  a  bay  setting  up  from 
the  Atlantic,  about  125  miles  S.W.  of  Halifax. 

Cocket,  a  river  of  England.     See  Coquet. 

Cockeysvilie,  kok'iz-vil,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore 
CO.,  Md.,  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  15  miles  N.  of 
Baltimore.  It  has  a  church,  a  coach-factory,  a  bank,  a 
public  school,  stone-quarries,  and  a  distillery. 

Cock'rum,  a  post-hamlet  of  De  Soto  co..  Miss.,  12  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Hernando.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  125. 

Code  (?),  ko'kli,  a  river  of  the  republic  of  Colombia, 
in  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  falls  into  the  Caribbean  Sea  50 
miles  E.  of  Chagres.     Length,  75  miles. 

Coco,  or  Poolo  Coco,  poo'lo  ko'ko,  an  island  in  the 
Strait  of  Malacca,  N.E.  of  Junkceylon. 

Coco,  sometimes  called  Manalipa,  mi-ni-lee'pi,  and 
Malinipa,  mi-le-nee'pi,  an  island  in  the  Sooloo  Archi- 
pelago, on  the  E.  side  of  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Mindanao. 
Lat.  6°  43'  N. ;  Ion.  122°  23'  E. 

Coco,  an  island  in  the  China  Sea,  ofi"  the  S.W.  end  of 
the  Great  Natuna.     Lat  3°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  108°  E. 

Cocoa,  ko'ko,  a  post-village  of  Brevard  co.,  Fla.,  20 
miles  S.  of  Titusville.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  public 
schools,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  300. 

Cocoa>(ko'ko)  Nut,  Kla'pa,  or  Klapp  Island,  an 
island  off  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Java,  on  the  W.  side  of 
Winecooper's  Bay,  about  3  miles  in  length.  Lat.  of  W. 
point,  7°  1'  S. ;  Ion.  105°  30'  E. 

•  Cocoa-Nut,  one  of  the  smallest  of  the  Hawaiian 
Islands,  is  situated  at  the  entrance  of  Byron  Bay.  Lat.  19° 
43'  9"  N. ;  Ion.  155°  2'  W. 

Cocoa-Nut,  an  island  in  Torres  Strait,  between  the  S. 
coast  of  New  Guinea  and  Cape  York  in  Australia.  Lat. 
10°  4'  S.;  Ion.  143°  10'  E. 

Cocoa-Nut,  a  small  island  oflF  the  S.W.  end  of.  New 
-Ireland,  about  lat.  4°  42'  S.,  Ion.  152°  44'  5"  E. 

Cocodrie  Bayou,  ko'ko'drce'  bi'oo,  or  Croc'odile 
"Bayou,  traverses  Concordia  parish.  La.,  between  the  Oua- 
chita and  the  Mississippi,  and  is  connected  with  Red  River. 
>  Co'co  Islands,  two  islands  in  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  con- 
«i8ting  of  Great  Coco  Island,  which  is  nearly  6  miles  in 
length,  and  Little  Coco  Island,  which  lies  about  9  miles 
S.W.  of  the  Great  Coco.     Lat.  14°  N. 


Cocolamus,  ko'ko-law'mQs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Juniata 
CO.,  Pa.,  44  miles  N.W.  of  Harrisburg.  Near  here  are  3 
tanneries. 

Cocolamus  Creek,  of  Pennsylvania,  enters  the  Ju- 
niata in  Perry  co. 

Coconato,  Italy.    See  Cocconato. 

Co'cos,  an  island  in  the  Pacific,  about  480  miles  S.W. 
of  Panama.     Lat.  5°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  87°  W. 

Cocos  Islands,  Indian  Ocean.   See  Keeling  Islands. 

Cocumont,  ko^kii^miN"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Lot-et- 
Garonne,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Marmande.     Pop.  1894. 

Cod,  Cape.     See  Cape  Cod. 

Coda  di  Voipe,  the  Italian  for  Cape  Cavallo. 

Cod'dingville,  a  hamlet  of  Medina  co.,  0.,  in  Granger 
and  Sharon  townships,  8  miles  E.  of  Medina.  It  has  man- 
ufactures of  bricks,  carriages,  and  drain-tiles. 

Cod'dle  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Cabarrus  co.,  N.C. 

Codigoro,  ko-de-go'ro  (anc.  Nero'niaf),  a  town  of 
Italy,  23  miles  E.  of  Ferrara,  on  the  Po  di  Volano,  8  miles 
from  the  Adriatic.     Pop-  4096. 

Codinas  de  San  Feliu,  ko-dee'nis  dS,  sin  fi-le-oo', 
or  San  Feliu  de  Codinas,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  30  miles  N.  of  Barcelona,  on  the  Congost.    Pop.  2906. 

Codo,  ko'do,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  of  Maranhao, 
at  the  confluence  of  the  Codo  with  the  Itapicurfi,  50  miles 
N.W.  of  Caxias. 

Codogno,  ko-d6n'yo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Milan,  at  a  railway  junction,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Lodi,  between 
the  Po  and  the  Adda.  Pop.  11,368.  It  is  well  built,  and 
has  manufactures  of  silk  stuffs.  It  is  the  principal  mart  in 
Italy  for  the  cheese  misnamed  Parmesan. 

Codorus,  York  co..  Pa.     See  Jefferson. 

Codo'rus  Creek,  York  co..  Pa.,  runs  northward,  and 
enters  the  Susquehanna  River  about  8  miles  N.  of  the  city 
of  York,  which  is  on  this  creek. 

Cod'rington,  a  post-village  in  Northumberland  co., 
Ontario,  9  miles  N.  of  Brighton.     Pop.  150. 

Codroipo,  ko-dro-ee'po,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
14  miles  by  rail  S.AV.  of  LMine.     Pop.  4543. 

Co'dy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Halifax  co.,  Va.,  25  miles  N. 
of  Bosl/)n  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Co'dyville,  a  plantation  of  Washington  co..  Me.   P.  62. 

Coe,  ko,  a  township  of  Rock  Island  co..  111.,  on  the  Mis- 
sissippi River.     Pop.  1175. 

Coe,  a  township  of  Isabella  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1041. 

Coed-Frank,  kw6d-frank,  a  hamlet  of  Wales,  co.  of 
Glamorgan.     It  has  copper-  and  coal-mines.     Pop.  2585. 

Coed-y-Cumar,  kw6d-e-kee'mar,  a  hamlet  of  Wales, 
CO.  of  Brecon,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Merthyr-Tydvil. 

Co^el',  Ko^cl',  or  Al'ighur-Co^el',  written  also 
Kowal,  ko-il',  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the  Alighur 
district  and  of  the  Meerut  division,  80  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of 
Delhi.  It  adjoins  the  fortress  of  Alighur,  and  has  a  great 
cotton-trade.     Pop.  in  1881,  62,451. 

Ccele-Syria,  see'le-slr'e-a,  a  fine  valley  of  Syria,  be- 
tween the  mountain-ranges  of  Lebanon  and  Anti-Lebanon. 
Length,  about  100  miles;  breadth,  10  miles.  It  is  traversed 
by  the  Litany  River  (anc.  Leon'tes),  and  contains  the  towns 
of  Baalbec  and  Zahleh. 

Coelleda,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony.    See  Colleda. 

Coepang,  Kocpang,  Coopang,  or  Coupang, 
koo-p3,ng',  a  town  and  Dutch  settlement  in  the  island  of 
Timor,  near  its  S.W.  extremity.  Lat.  10°  9'  S  ;  Ion.  123° 
35'  E.  It  is  neatly  built,  in  the  Dutch  style,  and  has  a  good 
harbor.     It  is  a  free  port,  and  carries  on  an  export  trade. 

Coe  (ko)  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cuyahoga  co.,  0.,  4 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Olmsted,  and  12  miles  AV.S.AV.  of  Cleveland. 

Coeslin,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Coslin. 

Coe's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Liberty  co.,  Fla. 

Coesse,  ko-es'se,  a  post-village  of  Whitley  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Union  township,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago 
Railroad,  14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  192. 

Coetivy,  ko-6t-eo'vce,  an  island  in  the  Indian  Ocean, 
about  550  miles  N.E.  of  Madagascar.  Lat.  7°  6'  S. ;  Ion. 
66°  30'  E.  From  the  S.W.  point  of  the  island  a  coral  reef 
extends  for  several  miles.  Another  reef  stretches  from  the 
N.  end  for  about  2i  miles. 

C(£ur  d'Alene,  kuK  di-lain',  a  post-village  of  Koote- 
nai CO.,  Idaho,  22  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Hauser  Junction, 
and  27  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Ratbdrum.  It  has  2  or  3 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  <fec.     Pop.  in  1890,  491. 

Coevordeu,  koo'vou-d§n,  or  Koevorde,  koo'voR- 
d?h,  a  fortified  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Drenthe,  on  the 
Kleine  Vecht,  23  miles  S.S.E.  of  Assen.     Pop.  2701. 

Coeymans,  kwee'manz,  or  Coeyman's  Landing, 
a  post- village  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Coeymans  township, 


COB 


920 


con 


•a  the  Hudson  Rivar,  13  miles  S.  of  Albnny,  and  1}  miles 
from  Oooymaiis  Station.  It  bos  3  cliuroboa,  a  newspaper 
office,  ft  brooiD-fnctory,  and  quarries  of  blue-stone.  Here  is 
Ooeyman's  Post-Office.  Pop.  about  750 ;  of  tbe  townabip, 
866V.  Coeyiuans  Station  is  on  the  railroad  from  Atbens  to 
Scbcnoettuly,  14  miles  N.  of  Atbens. 

Coeyniuna  Creek^  Albany  oo.,  N.Y.,  runs  southeast* 
ward,  and  untcrs>  the  Hudson  al>out  14  miles  bolow  Albany. 

Coeymaus  Hollow^  a  post-bamlet  of  Albany  oo., 
N.Y.,  in  Cooymans  township,  about  16  miles  S.W.  of  Al- 
bany.    It  h(M  a  ohuroh  and  a  carriage-shop. 

C'otfdile'lia,  a  post-otHce  of  Neshoba  co.,  Miss. 

CoT'leO)  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Alabama,  has  an 
fti-ea  of  about  7U0  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Pea 
River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  cov- 
ered with  pine  forests;  the  soil  is  sandy,  and  not  very  fer- 
tile. Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  Cap- 
iUl  Elba.  Pop.  in  1870,  6171;  in  1880,  8119;  in  1890, 
12,170. 

Coffee*  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an  area 
of  about  1060  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
Ocmulgeo  River,  and  is  drained  by  the  Allapuha  nnd  Sutilla 
Rivers.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  mostly  covered 
with  forests,  in  which  the  pine  abounds;  the  soil  is  sandy 
and  inferior.  Maize,  porl(,  wool,  and  sweet  potatoes  are 
the  chief  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Bruns- 
wick &  Albany  Railroad.  Capital,  Douglas.  Pop.  in  1870, 
3192;  in  1880,  6070;  in  1890,  10,483. 

Coffee,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of 
about  ;>tlO  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  sources  of 
Duck  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  unduhiting,  and  is 
extensively  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  pork,  and  butter  are  the  stiiple  products.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  McMiunville  <fc  Manchester  Railroad. 
Capital,  Manchester.  Pop.  in  1870, 10,237;  in  ISSO,  12,894; 
in  1890,  13,827. 

Coffee,  a  post-borough  of  Pierce  co.,  Qa.,  11  miles  N. 
of  Rluckshear.  It  has  a  church,  manufactures  of  naval 
stores,  Ac.     Pop.  200. 

Coffee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co..  Ind.,  about  24  milet 
S.S.E.  of  Terre  Haute. 

Coffee  Creek,  Colorado,  rises  in  El  P:iso  co.,  runs 
southeastward  and  southward  in  Bent  co.,  nnd  enters  the 
Arkansas  River,  about  15  miles  above  Las  Animas. 

Coffee  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Phillips  co.,  Ark. 

Coffee  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Hardin  co.,  Tenn. 

Cof'feen',  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co..  111.,  8 
miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Donnellson,  nnd  7  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Hillsborough.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  coal- 
and  copper- mines,  Ac.     Pop.  518. 

Coffee  llun,  Huntingdon  co.  Pa.    See  Esthikkn. 

Coffee  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Genera  co.,  Ala.,  60 
miles  S.  of  Troy.     It  has  a  mineral  spring  and  2  stores. 

Coffee's  Station,  in  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  is  on  the 
Wheeling  A  Pittsburg  Railroad,  27  miles  N.E.  of  Wheeling. 

CoflceviUe,  a  post-village  of  Clarke  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Tombigbee  River,  85  miles  N.  of  Mobile.     It  has  4  churches. 

Cofleevilie,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Yalabusha  co., 
Miss.,  on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  A  Chicago  Railroad,  15 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Grenada,  and  31  miles  S.S.W.  of  Oxford. 
It  has  5  churches.     Pop.  in  1880,  749. 

Coffeevilie,  a  post-village  of  Upshur  co.,  Tex.,  28  miles 
W.  of  Jefferson.    It  has  3  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  3  stores. 

Coffey,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an  area 
of  648  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Neosho  River, 
and  is  also  drained  by  small  affluents  of  the  same.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and 
groves,  the  former  of  which  amount  to  90  per  cent.  The 
soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  hay,  cattle,  and 
oats  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  valuable  beds 
of  coal  and  limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Missouri, 
Kansas  A  Texas  Railroad.  Capital,  Burlington.  Pop.  in 
1870,  6201;  in  1880,  11,438;  in  1890,  15,856.  The  ash, 
hickory,  oak,  sycamore,  and  walnut  are  found  in  this  county. 

Cof'feysburg,  a  post-village  of  Daviess  co..  Mo.,  in 
Salem  township,  8  miles  N.  of  Jamison,  Railroad  Station. 
It  has  2  churches  and  several  stores.     Pop.  210. 

Coffey's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Ala., 
about  4  miles  N.  of  Fackler  Railroad  Station. 

Cof'feyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co..  Ark.,  IJ 
miles  from  Grand  Glaise  Railroad  Station. 

Coffeyville,  a  post-town  and  railroad  terminus  of 
Montgomery  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Verdigris  River,  19  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Independence,  and  18  miles  by  rail  S.W. 
of  Mound  Valley.  It  has  2  banks,  8  churches,  4  newspaper 
offices,  7  hotels,  2  flour-mills,  and  an  elevator.  Coal  is  found 
here.     Pop.  in  1880,  753;  in  1890,  2282. 


Coffin's  Grove,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  954.     It  contains  Masonville. 

CoPfin's  Island,  i'l^nd,  one  of  the  Magdiilcn  Islandi 
in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  hit.  44°  3'  N.,  Ion.  64°  36'  w'. 
It  is  the  largest  of  the  group,  and  is  26  miles  long. 

Coffin's  Summit,  New  York.     See  Oak  Summit. 

Cofre  de  I'erole,  ko'fri  dd  p4-ro't4  (i.e.,  "chert of 
Perote"),  a  mountain  of  Mexico,  state  of  Yera  Cruz,  1  u)i|« 
S.  of  the  town  of  Perote.  Its  form  is  said  to  bear  n  re- 
■embliince  to  achest,  whence  its  name.    Height,  13,416  feet. 

Co'field,a  post- village  of  Ascension  parish.  La.,  2  milei 
S.  of  Burnsido.  It  has  3  churches  and  manufactures  of 
sugar. 

Cofrentes,  ko-frin't4s,  a  town  of  Spain,  50  milej 
W.S.W,  of  Valencia,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Cabriol  and 
Jucar,     Pop.  1940. 

Co'gan  House,  a  post-township  of  Lycoming  co.,  I'a., 
about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Williamsport.  It  has  a  church  and 
several  lumber-mills.     Pop.  699. 

Cogan  Station,  orCogan  Valley,  a  post-village o( 
Lycoming  CO.,  Pa.,  on  Lycoming  Creek,  nnd  on  thoNorlTiern 
Central  Railroad,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Williamsport.  It  hus  a 
grist-mill,  2  wagon-shops,  nnd  3  stores,     Poji.  about  500. 

Coggeshali,  or  Great  Coggeshall,  kog'shal,  a 
town  of  England,  co.  of  Essex,  on  the  Blackwatcr,  C  uiiloi 
E.S.E.  of  Braintrce.  It  has  a  large  church,  an  cndowid 
grammar-school,  almshouses,  and  other  charities,  with  sev- 
eral silk-mills  and  looms.     Pop.  2916. 

Coggiola,  kod-jo'l&,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont, 
11  miles  N.N.E.  of  Biclla,  on  the  Sessera.     Poj).  2211. 

Cog'gon,  a  post-villuge  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa,  5  milea  by 
rail  N.  of  Central  City,  and  16  miles  N.  of  Marion.  It  bus 
4  churches,  a  bunk,  nnd  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  500. 

Cog  Hiil,apost-hauiletof  McMinn  CO.,  Tenn.,  Uuiiles 
S.  of  Athens.    It  has  '■'  churches,  flour-  and  grist-uiilU,  ic. 

Cogiiano,  kol-y&'no,  or  Colliano,  kol-lc-d'no  (anc. 
Cosili'niim  ?),  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Salerno,  11  milei 
N.E.  of  Campagna.     Pop.  3768. 

Cognac,  k6n'yik'  (L.  Coiiacum),  a  town  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Charente,  24  miles  by  rail  AV.  of  Angouleine, 
on  the  Charente.  Pop.  13,811.  It  has  an  old  castle  in  which 
Francis  I.  was  born.  It  is  the  entrepot  of  the  brandy  of 
the  Charente,  to  which  it  gives  its  name,  and  which  formi 
the  object  of  a  very  extensive- commerce. 

Cognac,  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute- Viennc,  10  milei 
W.  of  Limoges.     Pop.  1864. 

Cogne,  k6n'yi,  a  town  of  Italy,  9i  miles  S.  of  Aosta, 
Pop.  1574. 

Cogoleto,  ko-go-li'to,  a  village  of  Italy,  14  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Genoa.  It  is  celebrated  as  the  birthplace  of 
Christopher  Columbus.     Pop.  2486. 

Cogorno,  ko-gon'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Genoa,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Chiavari.     Pop.  4037. 

Cohahuila,  or  Coaliuila,  ko-jl-wee'li,  a  state  of 
Mexico,  bounded  N.  and  N.E.  by  the  Rio  Grande  del  Norte 
(which  separates  it  from  Texas),  E.  by  Nuevo  Leon,  S.  bj 
Zacatecas,  and  W.  by  Chihuahua  and  Durango  ;  between  Int. 
24°  17'  and  30°  5'  N.  and  Ion.  100°  and  104°  W.  Length, 
390  miles;  greatest  breadth,  270  miles.  Area,  50,88S 
square  miles.  The  southern  districts  are  chiefly  pasture- 
ground  ;  the  northern  parts  present  a  broken  nnd  hilly  sur- 
face, and  the  western  portion  is  occupied  by  a  desert  called 
the  Bolson  do  Mapinii,  There  are  several  silver-mines  in 
this  state,  and  horses,  mules,  and  wool  are  exported.  The 
principal  towns  are  Saltillo,  the  capital,  Monclova,  oi 
Montelovez  (formerly  sometimes  called  Cohahuila),  Piedras 
Negras,  Santa  Rosa,  and  Parras.  The  Mexican  Interna- 
tional Railroad  and  the  Mexican  National  Railroad  trav- 
erse this  state.     Estimated  pop.  (1890)  150,622. 

Cohansey,  ko-han'ze,  a  post-hamlet  of  Salem  co. 
N.J.,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Salem.  It  has  a  saw-mill  and  severa 
general  stores.     Pop.  about  150. 

Cohansey  Creek,  of  New  Jersey,  rises  in  the  S.E 
part  of  Salem  co.,  and,  flowing  first  southerly  and  thai 
westerly,  falls  into  Delaware  Bay  in  Cumberland  co.  It  ii 
navigable  for  large  brigs,  7  or  8  miles,  to  (ireenwich,  an(i 
for  vessels  of  80  tons  to  Bridgeton,  about  20  miles. 

Cohas'set,  a  post-village,  summer  resort,  and  water- 
ing-place of  Norfolk  CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  it 
Cohasset  township,  and  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  21 
miles  E.S.E,  of  Boston.  It  has  5  churches  and  a  savings- 
bank.  This  township  is  detached  from  the  rest  of  the 
county.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2448. 

Cohasset  Narrows,  a  ])ost-hamIet  of  Barnstable  co. 
Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  54  miles  S.E.  of  Boston 
at  the  junction  of  the  Woods  HoU  Branch  Railroad. 

Cotiasset  Rocks,  Massachusetts.  See  Mixo'^'s  Ledob 


COH 


921 


COL 


Cohoc'tah,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Livingston 
I.,  Mich.,  about  30  miles  E.  of  Lansing.  The  township 
IS  3  churches  and  2  lumber-mills,  and  a  pop.  of  1144. 
he  hamlet  is  also  called  Springtown. 

Cohoc'ton,  or  Conhoc'ton,  a  post-township  of  Steu- 
.en  CO.,  N.Y.,  drained  by  Conhocton  River.     Pop.  3444. 

Cohocton,  a  post-village  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  16  miles 
|y  rail  N.W.  of  Bath.    It  has  five  churches,  a  graded  school, 

11  opera-house,  a  newspaper  ofiice,  2  cigar-factories,  and 
anufactures  of  flour,  lumber,  &e.     Pop.  in  1890,  1000. 
Cohocton  River,  New  York.    See  Conhoctox. 
Cohocs,  ko-hoz',  a  city  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  is  situated 
I  the  VV.  bank  of  the  Hudson  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
lohawk,  on  the  Erie  Canal,  and  on  the  New  York  Central  & 
[udson  River  and  the  Delaware  &  Hudson  Canal  Company 
lailroads,  9  miles  N.  of  Albany,  and  3  miles  above  Troy, 
t  contains  12  churches,  a  high  school,  a  large  graded 
ohool,  2  Catholic  academies,  2  banks,  and  several  hotels. 
Vo  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers  (1  in  French)  arepub- 
ished  here.      Its  prosperity   is  derived   mainly  from   its 
lanufactures,  which  are  very  extensive.     Here  are  6  large 
jotton-mills,  owned  and  operated  by  the  Harmony  Com- 
Lany;  also  about  40  knitting-mills,  in  which  woollen  and 
QOtton   knit  goods   of  various    kinds    are    made,   several 
Ue-factories,  foundries,    machine-shops,    a   paper-mill,    a 
Jiobbin-factory,  box-factories,  a  gas-,  steam-,  and  water- 
t)ipe  factory,  a   knitting-needle    factory,  a   brewery,  and 
kher  mills.     The  Mohawk  here  descends  about  100  feet, 
kffording  abundant  water-power.     Cohoes   is   rapidly  in- 
creasing.    Pop.  in  1860,  8799;  in  1870,  15,357;  in  1880, 
jl9,416;  in  1890,  22,509. 

I  Cohoes  Falls,  New  York,  a  cataract  of  the  Mohawk 
River,  which  here  descends  about  70  feet  by  a  perpendicu- 
lar fall.  It  is  nearly  3  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  river, 
iind  10  miles  N.  of  Albany. 

i  Cohoke,  ko-hok',  a  station  in  King  William  co.,  Va., 
89  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Richmond. 

:    Co^hoon',  a  station  in  Clermont  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cincin- 
nati <fc  Eastern  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Batavia. 
)    Cohut'ta,  a  post-village  of  Whitfield   co.,  N.Y.,  13 
Imiles  by  rail  N.  of  Dalton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Cohutta  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Murray  co.,  Ga.,  on 
jthe  Connasauga  River,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Red  Clay  Station. 

Coiba  Island,  South  America.  See  Quibo. 
j  Coila,  koy'la,  a  hamlet  of  Carroll  oo..  Miss.,  8  miles 
jS.W.  of  Carrolton.  It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill, 
r  Coila,  a  post-village  of  Washington  .co.,  N.Y.,  2  miles 
■from  Cambridge  Station,  and  about  32  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Albanj'.  It  has  about  30  houses,  a  church,  and  a  tannery. 
Coimbatoor,  koim'ba-toor',  or  Coim^batore',  a 
town  of  India,  capital  of  the  district,  is  on  the  Madras- 
Beypoor  Railway.  Lat.  10°  59'  41"  N.;  Ion.  76°  59'  46" 
;  E.  This  was  an  important  military  post  under  the  Sultan 
iTippoo.     Pop.  35,310. 

Coimbatoor,  a  district  of  the  Madras  presidency, 
(British  India,  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Cavery  River. 
,  Lat.  10°  45'-ll°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  76°  50'-78°  10'  E.  Area,  7432 
;  square  miles.  It  is  mainly  an  exceedingly  fertile  plain,  pro- 
!  ducing  most  of  the  East  Indian  crops  in  abundance.  Capi- 
i  tal,  Coimbatoor.     Pop.  1,850,000. 

'      Coitnbra,  ko-eem'br4  (anc.   Conim'hriga),  a  city  of 

;  Portugal,  capital  of  Beira,  on  the  Mondego,  110  miles  by 

;  rail  N.N.E.  of  Lisbon.     Pop.  18,147.     It  is  enclosed  by  old 

;  walls,  and  is  highly  picturesque,  but  ill  built.     Its  uni- 

:  versity,  the  only  one  in  Portugal,  consists  of  18  colleges, 

:  attended  now  by  about  900  students,  and  has  a  library  of 

I  80,000  volumes,  with  extensive  museums,  an  observatory, 

;  Ac.    The  city  has  also  a  botanic  garden,  a  cathedral,  some 

fine  churches,  and  many  convents,  and  around  it  are  numer- 

1  ous  detached  residences,  including  the  quinta  das  lagrimae, 

\  or  "  villa  of  tears,"  the  scene  of  the  death  of  Inez  de  Castro. 

It  has  manufactures  of  earthenwares,  linen  and  woollen 

fabrics,  and  willow  toothpicks.    Coimbra  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Coin,  ko-een',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  21  miles 
W^.  of  Malaga.  The  houses  are  tolerably  well  built,  and  the 
town  possesses  numerous  spacious  streets  and  squares.  It 
has  2  churches,  chapels,  convents,  schools,  a  town  hall, 
prison,  cemetery,  and  several  public  walks  and  gardens 
adorned  with  fruit  trees,  flowers,  and  fountains.  In  the 
neighboring  hills  quarries  of  marble  are  wrought  and 
jasper  of  all  colors  is  obtained.     Pop.  9300. 

Coin,  a  post-town  of  Page  co.,  Iowa,  12  miles  by  rail 
S.W.  of  Clarinda.    It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper 
ofiSce.  manufactures  of  furniture,  <fcc.     Pop.  500. 
Coire,  the  capital  town  of  Grisons.     See  Chur. 
Coise,  kwiz,  a  village  of  France,  in  Savoy,  12  miles 
S.E.  of  Chambfiry.     It  has  mineral  springs.     Pop.  1602. 
59 


Colts,  a  station  in  Cuyahoga  co.,  0.,  on  the  Lake  Short 
Railroad,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Cleveland. 

Coits'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mahoning co.,0.,  in  Coits- 
ville  township,  2  miles  from  Struthers  Railroad  Station, 
which  is  5  miles  S.E.  of  Youngstown.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  tannery.  The  township  is  traversed  by  the  Ashta- 
bula, Youngstown  <fe  Pittsburg  Railroad.     Pop.  1161. 

Cojedes,  ko-nd'dSs,  a  state  of  Venezuela,  lying  S.  of 
Carabobo,  and  generally  level.  It  is  traversed  by  several 
affluents  of  the  Orinoco,  one  of  which,  the  Rio  Cojedes, 
gives  name  to  the  state.  Area,  5086  square  miles.  Cap- 
ital, San  Carlos.     Pop.  85,678. 

Cojutepeque,ko-Hoo-td-pi'kA.,  a  town  of  Central  Amer- 
ica, state  and  15  miles  S.  of  San  Salvador.     Pop.  5000. 

Cojutepeque,  or  Illabasco,  eel-yi-bis'ko,  a  lake  of 
Central  America,  in  San  Salvador,  a  few  leagues  distant 
from  the  above,  is  12  miles  in  length  from  E.  to  W.,  with 
an  average  breadth  of  5  miles. 

Cok^ato',  a  post- village  of  Wright  co.,  Minn.,  11  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Darwin,  and  17  miles  W.S.W.  of  Buftalo.  It 
has  3  churches,  public  schools,  a  bank,  a  tannery,  a  flour- 
mill,  2  feed-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  363. 

Cokato  Lake,  former  name  of  Cochiian's  Mills,  Minn. 

Coke,  kok,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co.,  Tex.,  9  miles 
(direct)  N.  of  Quitman, 

Co'ker  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  oo.,  Tenn., 
about  18  miles  (direct)  S.  by  E.  of  Madisonville. 

Cokedale,  kok'dal,  a  post-village  of  Park  co.,  Mon- 
tana, 7  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Livingston.  It  has  church 
organizations  and  manufactures  of  coke.     Pop.  284. 

Cokeland,  kok'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dorchester  co., 
Md.,  15  miles  (direct)  S.E.  of  Cambridge.  It  has  2  or  3 
general  stores. 

Cokesbury,  koks'b?r-re,  a  hamlet  in  Hunterdon  co., 
N.J.,  14  miles  N.  of  Flemington.     It  has  a  church. 

Cokesbury,  koks'ber-re,  a  post-village  of  Abbeville 
CO.,  S.C,  in  Cokesbury  township,  2  miles  from  the  Green- 
ville &  Columbia  Railroad,  95  miles  W.N.W.  of  Columbia, 
and  about  12  miles  N.E.  of  Abbeville.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  masonic  female  college,  and  a  high  school.  Pop.  700;  of 
the  township,  2179.  From  Cokesbury  Railroad  Station  ex- 
tends the  Abbeville  Branch  Railroad,  12  miles  in  length. 

Coke's  Peak,  Texas.    See  Mount  Coke. 

Coketon,  kok'ton,  a  station  in  Harrison  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  Clarksburg. 

Cokeville,  kok'vil,  a  post-village  of  AVestmoreland  co., 
Pa.,  in  Derry  township,  on  the  Conemaugh  River,  and  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  (Indiana  Branch),  about  32  miles 
(direct)  E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a  church  and  large  coke- 
works  (200  ovens).     Pop.  about  500. 

Cokeville,  a  post-ofiice  of  Uintah  co.,  Wyoming. 

Col  (j'.e.,  "  a  neck"),  the  name  of  many  passes  across  the 
Alps  of  Savoy  and  Piedmont,  some  of  the  principal  being 
the  following: — Col  de  Balme,  Col  de  Ferret,  Col  de  la 
Seigne,  Col  de  Tenda,  Col  du  Bonhomme,  Ac.  (which  see). 

Colab'ba,  a  narrow  promontory  in  British  India,  im- 
mediately S.  of  the  island  of  Bombay,  with  which  it  is  con- 
nected by  a  causeway.  Here  are  a  light-house  and  canton- 
ments for  British  troops.    Sec  also  Kolabah. 

CoMac',  a  town  of  Victoria,  Australia,  in  Polwarth  co., 
on  Lake  Colao,  50  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Geelong.  Pop.  1474. 
The  lake  is  fresh,  and  has  an  area  of  10  square  miles. 

CoMair',  a  lake  of  India,  in  Masulipatam,  5  miles  E. 
of  Ellore.  Lat.  16°  36'  N.;  Ion.  81°  22'  E.  It  is  about  22 
miles  long,  and  from  7  to  12  miles  broad,  and  is  formed 
chiefly  by  the  overflowing  of  the  Kistnah  and  Godavery. 
By  the  river  Ooputnair  the  lake  communicates  with  the 
Bay  of  Bengal,  distant  about  20  miles. 

Colamo'ka  (orKolemo'kee)  Creek,  Georgia,  runs 
westward,  forms  the  boundary  between  Clay  and  Early  cos., 
and  enters  the  Chattahoochee  River. 

Co4an',  a  post-office  of  Saunders  co..  Neb. 

Col  apis,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Kulpa. 

Colapoor,  or  Kolapur,  kol'a-poor',  a  town  of  British 
India,  district  and  20  miles  W.  of  Amrawutti.  Pop.  6169. 
See  also  Kolapoor. 

Colar',  a  town  of  India,  in  Mysore,  40  miles  N.E.  of 
Bangalore. 

Col'berg,  or  Kol'berg  (Ger.  pron.  korb^Ro),  a  town 
of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  25  miles  W.  of  Coslin,  on  the 
Persante,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Baltic.  It  is  a  railway  ter- 
minus. It  has  a  cathedral,  several  other  churches,  numerous 
strong  fortifications,  hospitals,  an  ancient  ducal  castle,  now 
used  for  a  charitable  foundation,  a  house  of  correction,  a 
harbor,  woollen-factories,  distilleries,  extensive  salt-worka, 
salmon-  and  lamprey-fisheries,  and  a  considerable  ezpoi* 
trade.    Pop.  13,537. 


COL 


922 


COL 


Colbertf  kSl'bfrt,  a  oounty  In  the  N.W.  part  of  Ala- 
baiuii,  has  ad  area  of  about  70U  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  the  Tennessee  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by 
Bear  Creek.  The  surface  is  extensively  covered  with  for- 
ests;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  This  oounty  is  intersected  by  the 
East  Tennessee,  Virginia  St  Georgia  Railroad  system,  which 
passes  through  Tusoumbia,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
12,637;  in  1880,  lfl,15.T;  in  1890,  20,189. 

Colbert,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chickasaw  Nation,  Indian 
Territory,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  A  Texas  Railroad,  8 
miles  N.E,  of  Denison,  Tex.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Col'borne,  or  Cram^ahe',  a  village  of  Northumber- 
land 00.,  Ontario,  on  Lake  Ontario,  85  miles  by  rail  K.  of 
Toronto.  It  contains  several  stores,  grist-,  saw-,  and  planing- 
mills,  2  tanneries,  on  iron-foundry,  3  cabinet-factories,  a 
printing-office,  and  several  hotels.  Colborne  is  a  port  of 
entry  (called  Cramahe).     Pop.  82.3. 

Colbarn,  kOI'burn,  a  post-village  of  Tippecanoe  cc, 
Ind.,  in  Washington  township,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Lafayette.  It  has  2  churches,  a  ohnir-factory, 
a  flouring-mill,  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  about  250. 

Colby,  kSl'be,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Thomas  co., 
Kansas,  35  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Qoodland.  It  has  6  churches, 
2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  high  school,  flour-  and  feed- 
mills,  and  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  51(1. 

Colby,  a  post-village  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.,  in  Sid- 
ney township,  2  miles  by  rail  (direct)  S.  of  Stanton.  It 
has  about  40  houses. 

Colby,  a  post-village  of  Clark  co..  Wis.,  in  Colby  town- 
ship, on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  216  miles  N.W. 
of  Milwaukee,  and  50  miles  S.  of  Worcester.  It  has  .3 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  high  school,  a  weekly  news- 
paper office,  2  saw-mills,  a  fanning-mill,  and  manufactures 
of  soda-water  and  health  bitters.     Pop.  500. 

Colchagua,  kol-cb&'gw&,  a  province  of  Chili,  extend- 
ing from  the  Andes  to  the  Pacific,  bounded  N.  by  Santiago 
and  S.  by  Curico.  Area,  3780  square  miles.  Chief  indus- 
tries, stock-raising  and  mining.  Capital,  San  Fernando. 
Pop.  in  1890,  158.H32. 

Colchester,  kSl'ch^s-t^r  (anc.  Camalodu'num  ?),  a  bor- 
ough of  England,  co.  of  Essex,  on  the  Colnc,  at  a  railway 
Junction,  51  miles  N.N.E.  of  London.  It  is  well  built  on 
the  sides  and  summit  of  an  eminence,  where  remain  its 
ancient  Roman  walls,  many  antiquated  dwellings,  imposing 
remains  of  a  castle  of  great  strength,  parts  of  which  are 
now  used  for  the  town  library  and  a  prison,  interesting  relics 
of  an  abbey  and  a  priory,  an  ancient  chapel,  and  8  ])arish 
churches,  several  of  which  are  very  antique  structures.  Its 
free  grammar-school  has  scholarships  at  Cambridge.  The 
town  possesses  also  well-endowed  hospitals  for  the  poor,  a 
general  hospital,  an  asylum  for  the  feeble-minded,  various 
money  charities,  a  workhouse,  fine  town  hall,  county  house 
of  correction,  neat  theatre,  barracks,  several  literary  and 
scientific  associations,  a  custom-house,  a  largo  market-house, 
warehouses,  and  a  quay  approached  by  vessels  of  150  tons. 
It  has  manufactures  of  silk,  lime,  flour,  castings,  vinegar, 
and  cordage;  also  some  malting  trade,  and  thriving  oyster- 
fisheries.  Colchester  was  one  of  the  earliest  Roman  stations 
in  Britain ;  and  many  coins  and  antiquities  have  been  found 
in  it.     It  was  also  a  Saxon  town  of  note.    P.  (1891)  34,559. 

Colchester,  kol'ch§s-t?r,  a  post-borough  of  New  Lon- 
don CO.,  Conn.,  in  Colchester  township,  about  25  miles  S.E. 
of  Hartford,  and  14  miles  W.  of  Norwich.  It  is  3  miles 
from  the  Air-Line  Railroad,  with  which  it  is  connected  by 
the  Colchester  Railroad,  extending  to  Turnerville.  It  con- 
tains the  Bacon  Academy,  which  is  liberally  endowed,  and 
ft  churches,  and  has  manufactures  of  india-rubber  goods,  cra- 
dles, wheels,  and  spokes.  Pop.  of  the  township,  2988.  The 
township  contains  a  hamlet  named  Westchester. 

Colchester,  a  post-village  of  McDonough  co..  III.,  on 
the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  63  miles  N.E. 
of  Quincy,  and  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Mncomb.  It  has  3 
ohurches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  with  manufactures 
of  stoneware,  fire-,  paving-,  and  building-briek,  and  sewer 
pipe  and  tile.  About  100,000  tons  of  coal  are  mined  here 
yearly.     Pop.  in  1890,  164.3. 

Colchester,  a  post-township  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y., 
•bout  14  miles  S.  of  Delhi.  It  has  manufactures  of  leather 
and  lumber.     Pop.  in  1890,  2973. 

Colchester,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chittenden  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Colchester  township,  1  mile  from  the  Central  Vermont  Rail- 
road, and  about  6  miles  N.E.  of  Burlington.  Colchester 
Station  is  20  miles  S.  of  St.  Albans.  The  township  is 
bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  Lake  Champlain,  and  contains  a 
village  named  Winooski  Falls,  which  is  on  the  Winooski 


River.     It  has  a  bank  and  manufactures  of  cotton  wool 
flour,  Ac.     Pop.  5143.  ' 

Colchester,  kol'ch^s-t^r,  a  county  in  the  central  purt 
of  Nova  Scotia,  bordering  on  the  Minns  and  Cobrouid  ])(,,., 
with  a  Barrow  strip  extending  W.  along  Minas  Clinnnel  to 
the  Bay  of  Fundy.  It  is  crossed  by  the  Intercolonial  Hail, 
way.    Area,  1300  square  miles.     Capital,  Truro.    P.  23  331. 

Colchester,  or  Sack'ville,  a  post-villnge  in  Esopx 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  Lake  Erie,  and  on  a  railway,  8  miles  S.K. 
of  Amherstburg.     Pop.  200. 

Colchis,  kol'kis  (Or.  KoAxt't),  an  ancient  division  of 
Asia,  at  the  E.  end  of  the  Black  Sea,  once  noted  for  its  gold. 
and  silver-mines.  It  was  in  the  fifteenth  century  subdivitltsj 
into  the  principalities  of  Imeritia,  Mingrelia,  and  Ciouriol 

and  is  now  comprised  in  Russian  Transcaucasia, Adj. 

and  inhnb.  Coi.chiav,  kol'ke-an. 

Col  d'Argenti^re,  kol  dau'zhAN"'te-aiu',  apassof  th« 
Maritime  Alps,  on  the  road  from  Barcelonnette  to  Coni 
7200  feet  above  sea-level.     Lat.  44°  27'  N. ;  Ion.  6°  55'  K.' 

Cold  Brook,  a  township  of  Warren  co..  111.  Pop. 
1256.     It  contains  part  of  Cameron. 

Cold  Brook,  a  post-village  of  Ilerkimtr  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Russia  township,  about  15  miles  N.E.  of  Utica.  It  has  a 
church,  a  cheese-box-factory,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  grist- 
mill.    Pop.  170. 

Cold'brook,  or  Jack'son*s  Mills,  a  post-village  in 
Kings  CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  Cornwallis  River,  30  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Windsor.     Pop.  150. 

Cold  Brook  Springs,  a  post- village  of  AVorccster  co., 
Mass.,  in  Oakham  township,  on  Ware  River,  and  on  the  War* 
River  Railroad,  42  miles  N.E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  min- 
eral springs,  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  agri- 
cultural tools,  &e. 

Cold  Creek,  a  station  on  the  Mobile  &  Alabama  Grand 
Trunk  Railroad,  20  miles  N.  of  Mobile,  Ala. 

Cold  Creek,  or  Hume,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Hume  township,  on  Cold  Creek,  20  miles  S. 
of  Warsaw,  and  10  miles  S.8.W.  of  Portageville.  It  Laa 
3  ohurches,  a  bank,  and  a  cheese-factory.  Pop,  254,  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Hume. 

Cold  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Bradford  co..  Pa. 

Col  de  Balme,  kol  d^h  b&lm,  a  pass  of  the  Alpr,  a 
part  of  the  limit  between  France  and  Switzerland,  7218  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea.  The  pass  is  much  frequcntL'l, 
and  has  a  refuge  for  travellers. 

Col  de  Ferret,  kol  d^h  fSn^ni',  a  pass  of  the  Pennine 
Alps,  from  the  tQwn  of  Orsi^res  in  Switzerland,  on  the  N., 
to  that  of  Courmayeur  in  Italy,  on  the  S., — the  ascent  from 
the  former  direction  being  made  by  the  Val  d'lintrcmont, 
and  that  from  the  latter  by  the  Val  de  Ferret,  a  continua- 
tion of  the  AllCe  Blanche.  From  the  Col,  which  has  a 
height  of  7641  feet,  the  view  is  magnificent. 

Col  de  la  Seigne,  kol  d§h  lA  s6n,  leads  from  Savoy 
into  the  Val  d'Aosta,  in  Italy,  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Mont 
Blanc.     Height,  8422  feet. 

Colden,  kol'd^n,  a  post-village  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Cazenove  Creek,  22  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  h.ns  2 
church  organizations,  a  newspaper  office,  a  tannery,  a  char- 
coal-works, 2  cheese-factories,  Ac.     Pop.  400. 

Coldcnham,  kol'd^n-ham,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange 
CO.,  N.Y.,  3i  miles  from  Walden  Station,  and  8  miles  W.  of 
Newburg. 

Col  de  Tenda,  kol  d?h  tSn'di,  or  Col  de  Tende, 
kol  d?h  tisd,  a  pass  in  the  Maritime  Alps,  a  little  W.  of 
the  point  where  they  become  linked  with  the  Apennine.*; 
on  the  frontiers  of  France  and  Italy.  Height,  0160  feel 
above  sea-level.  It  is  traversed  by  an  excellent  carriage- 
road.  The  summit  is  enclosed  by  higher  mountains  on  all 
sides  except  the  S.,  in  which  direction  the  Mediterranean 
may  be  seen. 

Cold  Uar'bor,  a  locality  of  Hanover  co:,  Va.,  about  ( 
miles  N.E.  of  Richmond,  and  2  miles  N.E.  of  the  Chicka- 
hominy  Creek.  A  severe  and  indecisive  battle  was  foiighl 
here  between  General  Grant  and  General  Lee,  June  3, 1864, 
On  and  near  the  same  ground  occurred  the  battle  of  Gaines' 
Mill,  June  27,  1862. 

Colding,  a  town  of  Denmark.    See  Kolding. 

Cold'ingham,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Berwicn, 
2i  miles  N.  of  Eyemouth.  In  the  village  are  the  remain! 
of  a  famous  priory,  and  about  2  miles  N.E.  is  Fast  Castle, 
the  Wolf's  Crag  of  "  The  Bride  of  Lammermoor."    Pop.  647, 

Colditz,  or  Kolditz,  kol'dits,  a  town  of  Saxony,  2c 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Leipsic,  on  the  Mulde,  with  manufac- 
tures of  stockings,  linens,  felt,  and  earthenwares.    Pop.  4092 

Cold  Point,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  on  th( 
Plymouth  Branch  of  the  Germantown  A  Norristown  Rail- 
road, 4i  miles  E.  of  Conshohoeken. 


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jjold  River,  a  station  in  Walpole  township,  Cheshire 

3N.H.,  near  the  Connecticut  River,  and  on  the  Cheshire 
Iroad,  U  miles  S.B.  of  Bellows  Falls. 

fcold  Run,  a  station  in  Berks  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Wilming- 
tjl  &  Reading  Railroad,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Reading. 

ipold  Spring,  a  ])ost-village  of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind.,  on 
til  Ohio  <fc  Mississippi  Railroad.  .37  miles  W.  of  Cincinnati, 
(    It  has  several  stores  and  other  business  houses. 

bold  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Campbell  co.,  Ky.,  about 
Tmiles  S.E.  of  Cincinnati.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  800. 

bold  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass., 
J  )ut  2  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Graniteville.  The  name  of  the 
f  tion  is  We.=tford. 

bold  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Stearns  co.,  Minn.,  16 
liles  by  rail  S.W.  of  St.  Cloud.     It  has  a  church.     P.  600. 

i'Cold  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  co..  Mo.,  on 
ash  Creek,  15  miles  (direct)  E.  of  Ava.     It  has  a  flour- 
11  and  several  general  stores. 
Cold  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Montana. 
jCold  Spring,  a  post- village  of  Cape  May  co.,  N.J., 
;|)ut  4  miles  N.  of  Cape  May.     It  is  li  miles  from  the 
I'jst  Jersey  Railroad.    It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 
^Cold  Spring,  a  township  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y., 
l.versed  by  the  main  line  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  contains 
jjaraburg,  and  has  lumber  manufactures,  &e.     Pop.  924. 
Cold  Spring,  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.    See  Buistol  Springs. 
Icold  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co.,  N.Y.,  is 
tautifuUy  situated  among  the  Highlands,  in  Phillipstown 

i.vnship,  on  the  E.  bank  of  Hudson  River,  and  on  the  Ilud- 
a  River  Railroad,  1  mile  above  West  Point,  and  62  miles 
of  New  York.  It  h.as  8  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
large  iron-foundry,  in  which  about  450  men  are  employed, 
■nnected  with  this  establishment  are  several  cupola-fur- 

■  ccs,  a  gun-foundry,  2  boring-mills,  Ac.    P.  about  2500. 
tCold  Spring,  a  hamlet  and  station  of  Steuben  co., 
!,Y.,  on  the  Bath  &  Hammondsport  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E. 

■  Bath.     It  has  a  woollen-mill. 

iCold  Spring,  a  station  in  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Phil- 
ilelphia  <fe  Trenton  Railroad,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Bristol. 
I  Cold  Spring,  a  township  of  Lebanon  co..  Pa.  Pop.  80. 
bid  Spring  Station  is  on  the  Schuylkill  <fe  Susquehanna 
ail  road,  26  miles  N.E.  of  Harrisburg. 
;  Cold  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  eo.,  Pa.,  about  12 
iles  N.  of  Honesdiile. 

'  Cold  Spring,  a  station  on  the  Hanover  &  Gettysburg 
'ailroad,  .3  miles  W.  of  Hanover  Junction,  Pa. 
;  Cold  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Bledsoe  co.,  Tcnn. 

Cold  Spring,  a  post-village,  capital  of  San  Jacinto  co., 
lex.,  about  64  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Houston,  20  miles  E.  of 
{'odge  Railroad  Station,  and  3  miles  S.W.  of  Trinity  River. 
't  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

.  Cold  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Va.,  8  miles 
direct)  S.  by  \V.  of  Hillsville,  the  capital  of  the  county, 
't  has  a  general  store. 

I  Cold  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Wis.,  in 
jfeld  Spring  township,  on  Bark  River,  about  20  miles  N.E. 
if  Janesville.  It  has  a  church,  .a  flour-mill,  and  a  cheese- 
actory.     Pop.  of  the  township,  734. 

,    Cold  Spring  Harbor,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  co,, 
i^'.Y.,  on  an  inlet  of  Long  Island  Sound,  in  Huntington 
ownship,  3  miles  N.  of  Cold  Spring  Station,  on  the  Long 
I'sland  Railroad,  and  about  32  miles  E.N.E.  of  Brooklyn. 
;  t  has  public  schools  and  3  churches,  oyster-planting  and 
I  he  marketing  of  oysters  and  clams  being  the  chief  industry. 
;.t  is  now  a  favorite  summer  resort,  and  was  formerly  the 
jeatof  the  whiile-fishery.     Pop.  700. 
j   Cold  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Alturas  co.,  Idaho. 
Cold  Springs,  a  township  of  Kalkaska  CO.,  Mich.  P.61. 
Cold  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Wilkinson  co..  Miss. 
I    Cold  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C. 
f    Cold  Springs,  a  post-village  in  Northumberland  co., 
Ontario,  7  miles  from  Cobourg.     Pop.  200. 
i    Cold'stream  (formerly  Lennel,  or  Leinhall),  a 
jown  of  Scotland,  county  and  15  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Ber- 
'Tick,  on  the  Tweed,  here  crossed  by  a  five-arched  bridge. 
■Pop.  1724.     "The  Coldstream  Guards"  were  so  named  from 
■  laving  been  raised  here  by  General  Monk,  in  1659-60. 
j    Cold  Stream,  a  post-office  of  Hampshire  co.,  W.  Va. 
Cold'stream,   a  post-village    in   Carleton   co.,   New 
I  Brunswick,  at  the  confluence  of  the  rivers  Coldstream  and 
fBecaguimcc,  17  miles  N.E.  of  AVoodstook.     It  contains  2 
j  stores,  a  tannery,  and  several  mills.     Pop.  400. 

Coldstream,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario, 
;11  miles  from  Strathroy.     Pop.  100. 

Col  du  Bonhomme,  kol  dii  bo'nomm',  in  theGraian 
Alps,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Mont  Blanc.     Height,  8054  feet. 
vol  du  Julier,  kol  dii  zhil'Ie-^',  one  of  the  principal 


passes  in  the  Swiss  Alps,  canton  of  Grisons.  near  the  sources 
of  the  Inn,  7558  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  It  was 
known  to  the  Romans,  and  was  long  the  chief  i-oute  between 
Venice,  Switzerland,  Germany,  and  France. 

Cold'water,  a  post-office  of  Cleburne  co.,  Ala. 

Cold  Water,  a  post-office  of  Cerro  Gordo  co.,  Iowa. 

Coldwater,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Comanche  co., 
Kansas,  25  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Ashland.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  bank,  3  newspaper  offices,  graded  schools,  and  a  flouring- 
mill.     Pop.  480. 

Cold  Water,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calloway  co.,  Ky.,  13 
miles  E.  of  Mayfield.     It  has  a  church. 

Coldwater,  a  city,  capital  of  Br.anch  co.,  Mich.,  is  on 
a  stream  of  the  same  name,  in  Coldwater  township,  and  on 
the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  55  miles  W. 
of  Adrian,  156  miles  E.of  Chicago,  and  about  60  miles  S. S.W. 
of  Lansing.  It  contains  a  court-house,  2  national  banks,  a 
savings-bank,  7  churches,  3  foundries,  3  flouring-mills,  a 
high  school,  gas-works,  electric-light  works,  the  Lewis  Art 
Gallery  (private),  a  public  school  which  was  founded  by  the 
state  and  cost  $186,300,  and  manufactures  of  carriages, 
farming-implements,  leather,  furniture,  staves,  heading, 
cigars,  Ac.  Three  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 
It  Was  incorporated  as  a  city  in  1861.     Pop.  5247. 

Coldwater,  a  post-village  of  Tate  co..  Miss.,  on  the 
Coldwater  River  and  the  Mississippi  A  Tennessee  Railroad, 
31  miles  S.  of  Memphis,  Tenn.  It  has  a  money-order  post- 
office,  3  churches,  an  academy,  a  steam  grist-mill,  and  a 
saw-mill.     Much  cotton  is  shipped  here.    Pop.  about  600. 

Cold  Water,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co..  Mo. 

Cold  Water,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Gates  township,  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  6  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Rochester.     It  has  a  church. 

Cold  Water,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  0.,  5  milea 
by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Celina.  It  has  2  churches,  a  news- 
p.aper  office,  and  a  hoop-  and  stave-factory.     Pop.  600. 

Cold  Water,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Tenn. 

Cold  Water,  a  post-village  of  Sherman  co.,  Tex.,  56 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Tascosa. 

Cold  Water,  a  post-office  of  Doddridge  co.,  AV.  Va. 

Coldwater,  a  post- village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  near 
Gloucester  Bay,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Orillia.  It  contains  saw- 
and  grist-mills,  3  hotels,  and  4  stores.     Pop.  250. 

Coldwater,  a  small  river  of  Branch  co.,  Mich.,  runs 
northwestward,  and  enters  the  St.  Joseph  River  about  12 
miles  N.W.  of  Coldwater. 

Coldwater  River,  Mississippi,  rises  in  Marshall  co., 
runs  southwestward  through  De  Soto  and  Tate  cos.  and 
southward  in  Tunica  co.,  and  enters  the  Tallahatchee  River 
about  26  miles  S.W.  of  Sardis.     It  is  nearly  150  miles  long. 

Cold  Well,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  S.C. 

Cold'well's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Anderson  co.,  Ky. 

Cole,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Missouri,  has  an 
area  of  about  420  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.E.  by  the  Missouri  River  and  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Osage 
River,  and  is  intersected  by  Moreau  Creek.  The  surface 
is  hilly  or  broken,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests 
of  ash,  elm,  hickory,  and  oak  ;  the  soil  of  the  river-bottoms 
is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  oats  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Among  the  minerals  of  this  county  arc  coal  and 
limestone  (Lower  Silurian).  It  is  traversed  by  the  Missouri 
Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Jefferson  City,  the  capital  of  the 
state.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,292;  in  1880,  15,515;  in  1890, 
17,281. 

Cole,  a  township  of  Benton  oo.,  Mo.     Pop.  865. 

Cole'brook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Litchfield  co..  Conn.,  in 
Colebrook  township  (which  is  traversed  by  the  Connecticut 
AVestern  Railroad),  6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Winsted.  The  town- 
ship has  4  churches  and  a  paper-mill.     Pop.  1141. 

Colebrook,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Coos 
CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  36  miles  by  rail  N.  of 
Lancaster.  It  has  an  academy,  4  churches,  a  national  bank, 
a  savings-bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of 
bobbins,  spools,  lumber,  and  starch.  Pop.  of  Colebrook 
township  in  1890,  1736. 

Colebrook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0.,  in 
Colebrook  township,  about  14  miles  S.  of  Jefferson.  The 
township  has  3  churches  and  2  cheese-factories.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  800. 

Colebrook,  a  township  of  Clinton  co..  Pa.     Pop.  332. 

Colebrook,  a  post-office  of  Lebanon  co..  Pa. 

Colebrook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waushara  co..  Wis.,  in 
Mount  Morris  township,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Berlin.  It  has  a 
woollen-mill. 

Colebrook,  New  Brunswick.    See  Grand  Falls. 

Colebrook,  Quebec.    See  Grande  Ligne. 

Colebrook,  a  post-village  in  Addington  co.,  OntariOj 


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on  the  NiipanM  River,  23  miles  W.  of  Kingston.  It  con- 
tains sovoral  stores  and  hotels,  saw-  and  grist-mills,  and  a 
potosh-faotory.     Pop.  300. 

Colc'brookdale,  or  Coal'brookdale,  a  hamlet  of 
EngliinJ,  00.  of  Salop,  on  a  railiray,  2  miles  N.  of  Broselcy, 
on  the  Severn.  Pop.  1574,  engaged  in  oullieries,  foundries, 
and  fire-briok  and  tobaooo-pipe  manufactories. 

Colc'brookdale,  a  iiost-village  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Colebrookdalo  town!<hip,  aoout  16  miles  £.  of  Kcading.  It 
is  on  the  Colobrookdalo  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Pottstown. 
Boyertown  is  in  this  township.     Pop.  of  township,  1660. 

Cole'brook  River,  a  post-hamlct  of  Litchfield  oo., 
Conn.,  on  the  Farmington  liiver,  9  miles  N.  of  Winstod. 
It  hiis  2  churches,  and  a  manufactory  of  cotton  duck. 

Cole  Camp,  a  post-village  of  Benton  oo.,  Mo.,  18  miles 
8.  of  Sedalia.  It  lias  2  churches,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a 
plough-factory.     Lead  is  found  here. 

Cole  City,  a  pout-village  of  Dade  co.,  Ga.,  23  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Chattanooga  Tenn.,  and  7  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Trenton.  It  has  2  churches,  2  public  schools,  large  coke- 
ovens,  and  coal-mines.  The  main  branch  of  the  state 
penitentiary  is  situated  here.     Pup.  360. 

Cole'dale,  a  hamlet  of  Mercer  co..  111.,  4  miles  N.  of 
Viola. 

Colc'ford,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Gloucester,  on  a 
railway,  4  miles  E.  of  Monmouth.     Pop.  2718. 

Colc'grove,  a  post-haralet  of  McKean  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
MoKean  &  Buffalo  Kailroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Smethport. 

Cole  Harbor,  a  post-village  in  Guysborough  co.,  Nova 
Sootia,  on  Tor  Bay,  35  miles  S.E.  of  Guysborough.     P.  100. 

Cole  Hill,  a  township  of  Chesterfield  co.,  S.C.    P.  710. 

Colchour,  kol-e-6wr',  a  post- village  of  Cook  co..  III.,  in 
Hyde  Park  township,  on  Luke  Michigan,  and  on  the  Balti- 
more &  Ohio  and  Michigan  Southern  Railroads,  14  miles  S. 
of  Chicago.  It  has  5  churches,  2  hotels,  2  foundries,  a 
newspaper  oflBce,  and  a  steel-mill.     Pop.  about  1600. 

Coleman,  kul'man,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part 
of  Texas,  hosan  areaof  about  900  square  miles.  Itisbounded 
on  the  S.  by  the  Colorado  River.  The  surface  is  elevated  ;  the 
soil  produces  pasture  for  numerous  cattle,  the  staple  product 
of  tne  county.  Capital,  Coleman.  Pop.  in  1870,  347 ;  in 
1880,  3603;  in  1890,  6112. 

Coleman,  a  post-village  of  Randolph  co.,  Ga.,  10  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Cuthbert.  It  has  4  churches  and  a  high 
school.     Pop.  211. 

Coleman,  a  post-village  of  Midland  co.,  Mich,,  19 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Midland.  It  has  2  churches,  a  news- 
paper ofl[ice,  a  lumber-mill,  and  2  shingle-mills 

Coleman,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co..  Miss. 

Coleman,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Coleman  co.,  Tex., 
about  155  miles  N.W.  of  Austin.  The  wealth  of  the  people 
here  consists  mainly  in  cattle  and  sheep.     Pop.  about  3U0. 

Coleman's,  a  station  of  Rowan  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  North 
Carolina  Railroad,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Charlotte. 

Coleman's,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Coleman's,  a  township  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C.     P.  2243. 

Colemansville,  a  hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
South  Fork  of  Licking  River,  about  38  miles  N.  of  Lex- 
ington.    It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  77. 

Colemanville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa., 
about  65  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia.     It  has  iron-works. 

Colemanville,  a  post-hamlct  of  Cumberland  co.,  Va., 
20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Farmville. 

Colerain,  kol-rain',  a  hamlet  of  Camden  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
St.  Mary's  River,  16  miles  N.  of  Callahan,  Fla. 

Colerain,  or  Colrain,  kol-rain',  a  post-village  of 
Franklin  co..  Mass.,  in  Colerain  township,  5  miles  N.  of 
Shelburne  Falls.  It  has  2  churches.  The  township  has 
manufactures  of  cotton  goods  at  Griswoldville  and  Shattuck- 
ville,  and  of  wooden-wares  at  Elm  Grove  and  Adamsville. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1699. 

Colerain,  a  post-village  of  Bertie  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  W. 
bank  of  the  Chowan  River  (here  3  miles  wide),  and  about 
22  miles  N.  of  Plymouth.  It  has  2  churches,  2  seminaries 
or  high  schools,  and  inanufoctures  of  farming-implements. 
Many  shad  and  herring  are  caught  here.  Pop.  al>out  300  j 
of  Colerain  township,  1968. 

Colerain,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  in 
Colerain  township,  about  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bellaire.  The 
township  has  3  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1308. 

Colerain,  a  township  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.  Pop.  3689. 
It  contains  the  village  of  Georgetown. 

Colerain,  a  township  of  Ross  co.,  0.  Pop.  1635.  It 
oontains  Hallsville,  Adelphi,  and  Economy. 

Colerain,  a  township  of  Bedford  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1204. 
It  contains  Charlesville,  a  post-village,  and  Rainsburg. 


Colerain,  a  post-township  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  about 
48  miles  W.  of  Piiiladolpbia,  is  drained  by  Oolorara  Creek. 
Pop.  1655.    Colerain  Post-Office  is  at  a  hamlet  called  Union", 

Colerain,  a  post-hamlct  of  Union  co.,  S.C,  12  mil«tw] 
of  Union  Court-llouse.     It  has  2  churches. 

Coleraine,  kol-rain',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  London- 
derry, on  two  railways,  and  on  the  Bunn,  4  miles  from  iu 
mouth,  and  47  miles  N.N.W.  of  Belfast,  It  has  a  larg« 
parish  church,  an  elegant  Catholic  chnpel,  endowed  ami 
other  schools,  a  town  hall,  a  court-house,  custom-houM^ 
workhouse,  market-bouses,  a  bank,  and  remains  of  oM  ibrli- 
fications.  Hero  are  paper-mills,  tanneries,  bleach-groundi 
and  salmon-  and  eel-fisneries.     Pop.  6082. 

Coleraine,  kol-rain',  a  mining  locality  in  Luzerne  eo. 
Pa.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  2  mile* 
N.E.  of  Audenried.     Here  coal  is  obtained. 

Coleraine,  a  post-village  in  Peel  co.,  Ontario,  2  miln 
from  Klineburg.     Pop.  200. 

Coleraine  Forge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huntingdon  co,, 
Pa.,  about  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Altoona.  It  has  a  cbarcb 
and  an  iron-forge  or  furnace. 

Coleridge,  kOl'rlj,  a  post-village  in  Wellington  co., 
Ontario,  13  miles  from  Orangeville.     Pop.  200. 

CoPeroon',  the  northernmost  and  largest  branch  of 
the  Cavery  River,  British  India,  at  its  delta,  enters  the 
Indian  Ocean  at  Devicotta,  24  miles  N.  of  Tinntiuebar, 
after  having  formed  for  80  miles  the  division  between  the 
Madras  districts  of  Tanjore  and  Trichinopoly. 

Coles,  kOlz,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an 
area  of  aJDOut  530  square  miles,  it  is  intersected  by  the 
Embarras  and  Kaskaskia  Rivers,  and  by  the  Chicago  Branch 
of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  and  the  Indianajiulid  &  St, 
Louis  Railroad.  The  Grayville  A  Mattoon  Railroad  ter- 
minates in  this  county.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly 
level ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  wheat,  and 
pork  are  staple  products.  The  greater  part  of  the  county  ii 
prairie,  but  it  is  well  supplied  with  timber.  Capital,  Charles- 
ton.    Pop.in  1870,25,2:^5;  in  1880,27,042;  in  1890,  30,3«a 

Cole's,  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.    See  Coi.e'.s  Summit. 

Colesburg,  kOlz'burg,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co., 
Iowa,  in  Colony  township,  about  34  miles  W.N.W,  of  Du- 
buque. It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  8choul,a flour- 
mill,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  creamery.     Pop.  350. 

Colesburg,  a  village  in  Hardin  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Louis- 
ville <fe  Nashville  Railroad,  34  miles  S.  of  Louisville.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  district  school.     Pop.  400. 

Colesburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Potter  co..  Pa.,  6  miles 
N.W.  of  Coudersport.     It  has  general  stores,  &o. 

Cole's  (kOlz)  Camp,  a  hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.,  Ky,, 
53  miles  S.E.  of  Glasgow. 

Cole's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  eo.,  Miss. 

Cole's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co..  Pa.,  16 
miles  N.  of  Bloomsburg.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  2  stores. 

Cole's  Creek,  Ontario.     See  Fuankfohd. 

Cole's  Ferry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ch.arlotte  co.,  Va.,  ou 
the  Staunton  River,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Roanoke  Station. 

Coleshill,  kOlz'hil,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Warwick, 
on  the  Cole,  14i  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Coventry.  It  stands 
on  an  eminence,  and  is  handsomely  built.     Pop.  1969. 

Coleshill,  a  hamlet  of  England,  cos.  of  Herts  and 
Bucks,  1  j  miles  S.S.W.  of  Amersham.     Pop.  533. 

Cole's  (kolz)Mill,a  hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  Ala.,  25  miles 
E.  of  Talladega.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Cole's  Mill,  a  hamlet  of  Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  5  miles 
from  Williamstown.     It  has  a  cranberry-bog. 

Cole's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C.,  22 
miles  from  Egypt. 

Cole's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co,,  N.Y.,  in 
Kent  township,  60  miles  N,  by  E.  of  New  York.  It  has  a 
flour-mill  and  a  woollen-mill. 

CoPesse'ah,  or  ColMesse'ah,  a  seaport  village  on 
the  N.W.  coast  of  the  island  of  Socotra. 

Cole's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Moultrie  co..  III.,  on 
the  Chicago  &  Illinois  Southern  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of 
Mattoon.     Here  are  2  or  3  stores. 

Cole's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co,,  N.C. 

Cole's  Sum'mit,  a  post-office  of  Huntingdon  co,,  Pa,, 
is  at  Cole's  Station  on  the  East  Broad  Top  Railroad,  24J 
miles  S.W.  of  Mount  Union  Junction. 

Colestown,  kolz'town,  a  hamlet  of  Camden  co.,  N.J., 
in  Delaware  township,  7  miles  E,  of  Camden.  It  has  a 
church. 

Cole's  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Douglas  co.,  Oregon,  on 
the  Umpqua  River. 

Colesville,  kOlz'vil,  a  post-office  of  Allen  co.,  Ky. 

Colesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co..  Md.,  12 
miles  N.  of  Washington,  D.3.     It  has  2  eivre&. 


COL 


925 


COL 


olesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  about  10 
Bjfs  S.S.E.  of  Port  Jervis,  N.Y.  It  has  2  stores. 
Colesville,  a  township  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  3327. 
poleta«  ko-le't4,  a  post-office  of  Clay  oo.,  Ala. 
I  Coleta,  a  post-village  of  Whiteside  co.,  III.,  in  Qene- 
gitownsbip,  1 1  miles  N.B.  of  Morrison.  It  has  3  churches, 
altrriage-factory,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  300. 

Colet'to  Creek,  Texas,  rises  in  De  Witt  co.,  runs 
giltheastward,  and  enters  the  Gaudalupe  River  about  7 
oies  S.  of  Victoria. 

,  bolet'toville,  a  hamlet  of  Victoria  co.,  Tex.,  on  Colette 
CJek,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Victoria.  Here  is  a  German  settle- 
npt  of  farmers. 

poleville,  kol'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mono  co.,  Cal.,  22 
lies  N.  by  W.  of  Bridgeport.  It  has  a  church  and  dis- 
titt  schools.     Pop.  100. 

poleville,  a  post-office  of  Bates  co.,  Mo. 

poleville,  a  post-office  of  CooUe  co.,  Tex. 

Coley's,  ko'l^z,  a  station  in  Pulaski  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
]|,oon  <fc  Brunswick  Railroad,  34  miles  S.E.  of  Macon. 

jColfax,  kol'fax,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Nebraska, 
&  an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
1[^  S.  by  the  Platte  River,  and  intersected  by  Maple  and 
^ell  Creeks.     The  surface  is  mostly  undulating  prairie,  in 

Uch  timber  is  scarce;  the  soil  is  fertile.     Wheat,  Indian 

fn,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products.  The  Union  Pacific 
ilroad  passes  along  the  S.  border  of  this  county.  Capi- 
II,  Schuyler.  Pop.  in  1870,  1424;  in  1880,  6588;  in  1890, 
,453. 

'Colfax,  a  county  forming  the  N.E.  extremity  of  New 
lexico,  has  an  area  of  about  3800  square  miles.  It  is 
fained  by  the  Canadian  River  and  Vermejo  Creek.  The 
1.  boundary  of  this  county  passes  along  or  near  the  sum- 
Bt  of  the  Rocky  Mountains.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile, 
lid  produces  grass,  Indian  corn,  vfheat,  and  oats.  The 
johes  of  the  inhabitants  consist  mainly  in  cattle  and  sheep, 
fipital.  Springer.  Pop.  in  1870,  1992;  in  1880,  3398;  in 
.>»0,  7974. 

'  Colfax,  a  post-village  of  Placer  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Central 
^acifio  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Nevada  County 
railroad,  54  miles  N.B.  of  Sacramento.  Colfax  has  2 
lurches  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  670. 

i  Colfax,  a  post-village  of  McLean  co..  III.,  21  miles  by 
lil  E.  by  N.  of  Bloomington.     It  has  2  churches,  a  bank, 
newspaper   office,  a   tile-factory,  and   a   graded  school, 
op.  900. 

I  Colfax,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Cleve- 
find,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  and  the  Terre  Haute 
[;  Indianapolis  Railroads,  21  miles  S.E.  of  Lafayette,  and 
iO  miles  S.W.  of  Frankfort.     It  has  4  churche's,  a  high 
Ichool,  a  flour-mill,  a  brick-  and  tile-factory,  and  manu- 
actures  of  saws  and  corn-huskers.     Pop.  in  1890,  730. 
r  Colfax,  a  township  of  Boone  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  560. 
f  Colfax,  a  township  of  Dallas  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  666. 
[   Colfax,  a  township  of  Grundy  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  522. 
[   Colfax,  a  post-village  of  Jasper  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chi- 
cago, Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  of  New- 
ion.     It  has  2  churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  3 
nineral-water  bottling-works,  and  a  public  school.     P.  957. 
j    Colfax,  a  township  of  Page  CO.,  Iowa.     Pop.  519. 

Colfax,  a  township  of  Pocahontas  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  240. 
!    Colfax,  Taylor  co.,  Iowa.     See  Mobmontown. 
f    Colfax,  a  township  of  Webster  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  179. 
:    Colfax,  a  post-village  of  Chautauqua  co.,  Kansas,  about 
IS  miles  by  rail  N.B.  of  Sedan.     Pop.  300. 
:    Colfax,  a  township  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  415. 
f    Colfax,  a  township  of  Wilson  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  583. 
I     Colfax,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Grant  parish.  La.,  on 
Red  River,  about  25   miles  above  Alexandria.     It  has  2 
churches,  a  high  school,  a  college,  manufactures  of  tobacco, 
jBusar  and  molasses,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  180. 
I     Colfax,  a  township  of  Benzie  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  79. 
Colfax,  a  township  of  Huron  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  150. 
Colfax,  a  township  of  Mecosta  co.,  Mich,     Pop.  263. 
|It  contains  Byers  Station. 

Colfax,  a  township  of  Oceana  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  76. 
Colfax,  a  post-township  of  Kandiyohi  co.,  Minn.,  24 
(miles  from  Willmar.     Pop.  339. 
j      Colfax,  a  township  of  Daviess  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  584. 

Colfax,  a  township  of  De  Kalb  co..  Mo.     Pop.  796, 
I      Colfax,  a  township  of  Rutherford  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  964. 
I      Colfax,  a  post-village  of  Richland  co.,  N.D.,  19  miles 
;  by  rail  N.W.  of  Wahpeton,     Pop.  100. 

Colfax,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.,  in  Pleasant 

'  township,  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Columbus.     It  has  a  church. 

I      Colfax,  a  station  in  Alleghany  oo..  Pa.,  on  the  Western 

Pennsylvania  Railroad,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Alleghany  City, 


Colfax,  a  post-office  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.,  6  miles  S. 
of  Mapleton. 

Colfax,  a  township  of  Darlington  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1418. 

Colfax,  a  post-office  of  Van  Zandt  co.,  Tex. 

Colfax,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Whitman  co.,  AYash- 
ington,  on  the  Palouse  River,  116  miles  by  rail  and  71  miles 
(direct)  N.E.  of  Walla  Walla.  It  has  7  churches,  3  banks, 
2  newspaper  offices,  a  college,  a  high  school,  2  foundries, 
machine-shops,  flour-mills,  saw-mills,  <tc.     Pop.  1649. 

Colfax,  or  Texas,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  W 
Va.,  on  Tygart's  Valley  River,  and  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Grafton.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam 
saw-mill,  and  15  dwellings.     Here  is  Colfa.x  Post-Office. 

Colfax,  a  post-village  of  Colfax  township,  Dunn  co., 
Wis.,  on  Red  Cedar  River,  about  16  miles  N.E.  of  Menom- 
onee.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  3  stores.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  348. 

Col'gate,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steele  co.,  N.D.,  6  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Hope,  and  15  miles  (direct)  S.  of  Sherbrooke. 
It  has  general  stores,  <fec.     Pop.  125. 

CoPgong'  (native,  Kahalgaon,  k&^hal-gi'pn),  a  town  of 
Bengal,  district  and  16  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Boglipoor.  The 
Ganges  formerly  flowed  past  it,  but  has  taken  a  new  course, 
and  the  town  has  somewhat  declined.  Its  fort  is  now  a 
heap  of  ruins.     Pop.  5239. 

Colico,  kol'e-ko,  a  village  of  Italj-,  province  and  20* 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Como,  near  the  N.  extremity  of  the  Lago 
di  Como.     Pop.  2979. 

Coligny,  koMeen^yee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ain,  14 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Bourg. 

Colijnsplaat,  ko-lIns-plS,t',  commonly  called  Coolt- 
Jesplaat,  kolf-yfis-phlt',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Zealand,  island  of  North  Beveland,  19  miles  N.W.  of  Bcrgen- 
op-Zoora.     Pop.  1985. 

Colima,  ko-lee'mS.,  a  state  of  Mexico,  bounded  S.W.  by 
the  Pacific.  Area,  3746  square  miles.  Its  surface  is  gen- 
erally mountainous.  It  produces  sugar,  rice,  tobacco,  corn, 
pulse,  indigo,  cotton,  and  rich  fruits;  but  its  chief  export  is 
coffee.  It  is  generally  healthful,  but  malarial  fevers  pre- 
vail to  some  extent.  Extremes  of  temperature,  52°  and  90° 
Fahr.  Capital,  Colima.  Chief  seaport,  Manzanillo.  Pop. 
in  1882,  72,691. 

Colima,  a  city,  capital  of  the  above  state,  is  80  milea 
E.  of  Manzanillo,  in  a  beautiful  valley,  1500  feet  above  sea- 
level.  It  has  4  churches,  3  newspapers,  3  cotton-mills,  and 
5  large  importing  houses  owned  by  Germans.     Pop.  30,000. 

Colima,  Volcano  of,  is  situated  in  the  state  of 
Colima,  about  30  miles  N.E.  of  the  town  of  this  name,  near 
19°  N.  lat.  and  103°  W.  Ion.     Height,  12,000  feet. 

Colinsburgh,  kol'inz-biirVuh,  a  village  of  Scotland, 
CO.  of  Fife,  4  miles  W.  of  Pittenweem.     Pop.  351. 

Col'inton,  or  Col'lington,  a  village  of  Scotland, 
CO.  and  3  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Edinburgh,  on  the  Water  of 
Leith.     It  has  extensive  paper-mills.    Pop.  of  parish,  3644. 

Col'inville,  a  post- village  in  Lambton  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  river  St.  Clair,  9  miles  below  Sarnia.     Pop.  100. 

Colita,  ko-lee'ta,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co,,  Tex.,  25 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Trinity  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high 
school,  a  steam  grist-mill,  and  2  stores. 

Coliumo,  ko-lee-oo'mo,  a  maritime  town  of  Chili,  18 
miles  B.N.E.  of  Concepcion. 

Coll,  one  of  the  western  islands  of  Scotland,  on  the  W. 
coast  of  Mull,  2i  miles  N.E.  of  the  island  Tiree.  Length, 
12  miles.     It  contains  many  hamlets.     Pop.  723. 

Coll'amer,  a  post-village  of  Whitley  co.,  Ind.,  on  Eel 
River,  and  on  the  Eel  River  Railroad,  30  miles  W,  of  Fort 
Wayne.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  100. 

Col  lamer,  a  post-hamlet  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  6 
miles  N.E.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  manufac- 
tory of  cultivators. 

Collamer,  Cuyahoga  co.,  0.     See  East  Cleveland. 

Collamer,  Chester  co..  Pa.    See  Homeville. 

Col  lares,  kol-li'rfis,  a  town  of  Portugal,  12  milet 
W.N.W.  of  Lisbon.     Pop.  2986. 

Collares,  kol-li'rfis,  a  small  town  of  Brazil,  40  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Pari,  on  an  island  in  the  ParS,  River. 

Colle,  kol'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  17  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Campobasso.     Pop.  1964. 

Colle,  a  town  of  Italy,  district  of  San  Bartolommeo-in- 
Qaldo,  province  of  Benevento.     Pop.  5875. 

Colle,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  22  miles  S.S.W.of 
Florence,  on  the  Elsa.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  cathe- 
dral, a  castle,  and  paper-mills.     Pop.  7767. 

Colle  Corvino,  kol'li  kon-vee'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  4 
miles  E.  of  Civita  di  Penne.     Pop.  2953; 

Colleda,  or  Kolleda,  kori?h-d4,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  5  miles  by  rail  B.  of  Sommerda.     Pop.  3363. 


COL 


926 


COL 


College,  Marjland.    See  Colleor  Park. 

Colleget  kol'flj,  a  tovrniihip  of  Linn  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
93U,  exolusiro  of  Western  Cullego. 

College,  a  township  of  Knox  CO.,  0.  Pop.  026.  Itoon- 
taioa  Gambler. 

College  City,  a  post-village  of  Colusa  eo,,Cal.,  3  miles 
Orom  Arbuokle  Kailroad  Station.  It  contains  the  Pierce 
CUristiau  College,  and  a  church.     Pop.  360. 

College  Corner,  a  pust-villago  of  Butlor  and  Preble 
COS.,  0.,  un  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  A  Indianapolis  Rail- 
road, H  miles  N.W.  of  Cincinnati.  It  is  partly  in  Union 
CO.,  Ind.  It  bos  a  newspaper  office  and  3  churches.  Pup. 
about  600. 

College  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Williamson  oo.,Tenn., 
15  miles  E.  of  Franklin.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  high 
•chuol. 

College  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co.,  Ark.,  28 
miles  S.W.  of  Camden.     It  has  a  church  and  a  seminary. 

College  Ilill,  a  post- village  of  Madison  co.,  Ky.,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Richmond.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  semi- 
nary. 

College  Ilill  (Tufts  College  Post-Office),  a  post-village 
of  Middlesex  co.,  Moiis.,  in  Medford  township,  on  the  Bos- 
ton, Lowell  <t  Nashua  Railroad,  4  miles  N.N.W.  of  Boston. 
Here  is  Tufts  College  (Universalist),  founded  in  1855.  On 
an  eminence  called  College  Hill  is  the  Mystic  Reservoir, 
which  supplies  part  of  Boston  with  water. 

College  Hill,  a  village  of  Lafayette  co.,  Mi.sg.,  6  miles 
N.W.  of  Oxford.     It  has  a  church  and  2  high  schools. 

College  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  7 
miles  N.  of  Cincinnati.  It  contains  Belmont  College,  which 
is  open  to  both  sexes,  2  churches,  and  the  buildings  of  the 
Ohio  Female  College,  which,  about  1874,  were  purchased  by 
a  company  who  established  an  institution  for  the  treatment 
of  nervous  disenses.     Pop.  1200. 

College  Hill,  a  village  of  Prince  Edward  co.,  Va.,  7 
miles  S.W.  of  Farmville.  It  has  a  church.  Here  is  Hamp- 
den Sidney  College,  also  a  theological  seminary. 

College  Hill  Junction,  in  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Dayton  Railroad,  6^  miles  from 
Cincinnati. 

College  Monnd,  a  post-village  of  Maoon  co..  Mo., 
10  miles  S.W.  of  Macon  City.  It  contains  2  churches,  2 
newspaper  offices,  and  McGee  College.     Coal  is  found  here. 

College  of  St.  James,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington 
CO.,  Md.,  5  miles  S.  of  Hugerstown. 

College  Park,  a  post-village  of  Santa  Clara  co.,  Cal., 
about  2  miles  N.W.  of  San  Jos6,  of  which  it  is  a  suburb. 
It  has  a  church,  and  is  the  seat  of  the  University  of  the 
Pacific.     Pop.  750. 

College  Park,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prince  George's  co., 
Md.,  8  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Washington,  and  29  miles  from 
Baltimore.     Here  is  the  Maryland  Agricultural  College. 

College  Point,  a  post-village  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Flushing  township,  on  Long  Island  Sound  or  Flushing 
Bay,  and  on  the  Flushing  <fc  North  Side  Railroad,  a  mile 
N.  of  Flushing,  and  10  miles  KN.E.  of  New  York.  It 
contains  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  paint-factory,  2 
large  manufactories  of  rubber  goods,  and  3  of  silk  ribbons. 
Steamboats  ply  regularly  between  this  place  and  New  York, 
and  50  railroad-trains  pass  daily  between  it  and  that  me- 
tropolis.    Pop.  in  1880,  4192;  in  1890,  6127. 

College  Saint  James,  a  post-office  of  Washington 
CO.,  Md.,  3  miles  from  Breathedsville  Railroad  Station. 
Here  is  an  Episcopalian  school  of  the  same  name. 

College  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Page  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Amity  township,  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Clarinda,  and  about 
120  miles  W.S.W.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  a  money-order 
post-office.  Amity  College,  a  newspaper  office,  5  churches, 
and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  475. 

College  Station,  a  post-office  of  Brazos  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  lloustun  <t  Te.\as  Central  Railroad.  Here  is  the  State 
Agricultural  and  Mechanical  College,  with  about  300  stu- 
dents. 

Collegevillc,  kSl'lij-vIl,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saline  co.. 
Ark.,  about  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Little  Rock.  It  is  IJ  miles 
from  the  Cairo  &  Fulton  Railroad.     It  has  a  church. 

Collegeville,  a  post-hamlet  of  San  Joaquin  oo.,  Cal., 
8  miles  E.  of  Stockton.     It  has  a  church. 

Collegeville,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Upper  Providence  township,  on  Perkiomen  Creek,  and  on 
the  Perkiomen  Railroad,  31  miles  N.W.  of  Philadelphia, 
and  about  8  miles  N.W.  of  Norristown.  It  is  the  seat  of 
Ursinus  College,  and  has  several  churches,  agricultural 
machine  works,  flour-mills,  <tc.  The  village  is  still  some- 
times called  by  its  former  name  of  Freeland.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  3529. 


Collcsano,  kol-lA-si'no,  a  town  of  Sicily,  26  i 
E.S.E.  of  Palermo.     Pop.  5084. 

Collesscah,  a  town  of  Socotra.    See  Colimrrar. 

Col'leton,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  South  Carol 
has  an  area  of  about  1000  square  miles.  It  is  interse 
by  the  Edisto  River,  and  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  C 
bahoe  River.  The  Atlantic  Ocean  touches  the  southern 
tremity  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  level  nnd  mo 
covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees ;  the  soil  lif. 
luvial  and  fertile.  Rico,  cotton,  Indian  corn,  nnd  pork  L 
the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  tne  Sok 
Carolina  Railroad  and  the  Savannah  &  Charleston  lUiln 
Capital,  WalteVborough.  Pop.  in  1870,  26,410;  in  U 
36,386;  iu  1890,  40,293.  ' 

Colletorto,  kol-lA  ton'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  province!' 
Cauipoba.«so,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Larino.     Pop.  3278.       1 

Col'lett,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jay  oo.,  Ind.,  on  the  Cinc|. 
nati,  Richmond  <t  Fort  Wayne  Railroad,  in  Pike  townnbl 
39  miles  N.  of  Richmond.  { 

Col'lettsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caldwell  co.,  N.I 
about  10  miles  W.  of  Lenoir.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grij 
mill,  2  stores,  &c. 

CoI'ley,  a  post-township  of  Sullivan  oo.,  Pa.,  6  mi 
E.  of  Dushore.     Pop.  336. 

Colliano,  a  town  of  Italy.     SeeCoGLiANo. 

Collicoon,  or  Collikoon.    See  CALLicoo.>f.  | 

Collier,  kol'.v9r,  a  po.<t-village  of  Monroe  co.,  Qa.] 
miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Forsyth,  It  has  a  grist-mill. 
a  .saw-mill,  and  several  stores. 

Collier,  a  station  on  the  Bell's  Gap  Railroad,  2}  mil 
from  Bell  wood,  Pa. 

Collier,  a  station  of  Haywood  oo.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Met' 
phis  A  Louisville  Railroad,  43  miles  N.E.  of  Mcuiphis. 

Collier  Bay,  Au-'tralia,  on  the  N.W.  coiust,  lat.  16" 
S.,  Ion.  124°  7'  E.,  is  20  miles  wide  at  its  entrance. 

Collier  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Winston  co.,  Ala. 

Coll'ier's,  a  post-office  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C. 

Collier's,  a  station  in  Hancock  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  t! 
Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  6  miles  £.  i 
Steubenville,  0. 

Collier's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J. 

Coll'ierstown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockbridge  co.,  Va 
about  15  miles  W.  of  Lexington.  It  has  2  churches  and 
Hour-mills. 

Coll'icrsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  McCracken  co.,  Ky 
11  miles  S.  of  Paducah. 

Coilicrsville,  a  post-village  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  ii 
Milford  township,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  th' 
Albany  &,  Susquehanna  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  tbi 
Cooperstown  Branch,  76  miles  W.S.W.  of  Albany.  It  has ! 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  sash  and  blinds,  milk-pans 
and  lumber.     Pop.  about  150. 

Col'lierville,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn.,  oi 
Wolf  River,  and  on  the  Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad,  2-) 
miles  E.  by  S.  from  Memphis.  It  has  7  churches,  a  bank, 
an  academy,  a  female  college,  a  flour-mill,  and  manttfao- 
tures  of  carriages.     Pop.  696. 

CoI'lin,  a  county  in  the  N.N.E.  part  of  Texas,  has  tDl 
area  of  about  1000  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  several 
small  affluents  of  Trinity  River.  The  surface  is  undulating 
or  hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests;  the  soil 
is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  cattle  are  the  staple 
products  of  the  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Houston 
&  Texas  Central  Railroad.  Capital,  McKinney.  Pop.  in' 
1870,  14,013;  in  1880,  25,983;  in  1890,  36,736. 

Colli'na,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co..  New  Brunswick, 
9  miles  from  Apohaqui.     Pop.  350. 

Collina,  St.  John  co..  New  Brunswick.    See  Quaco. 

Col'lingdale,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co..  Pa.,  6 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
public  school,  2  wood-turning  mills,  a  florist's,  <fec.   Pop.  500. 

Col'lingswood,  a  post-borough  of  Camden  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  Camden  &  Atlantic  Railroad,  3^  miles  S.E,  of  Cam- 
den. It  has  3  churches,  a  public  school,  water-works,  and 
an  institution  called  the  Old  Folks'  Home.    Pop.  about  500. 

Col'lingsworth,  a  county  of  Te.\as,  in  the  Panliaiidle, 
bounded  E.  by  the  Indian  Territory.  Area,  900  square  miles. 

Col'lington,  a  post-office  of  Prince  George's  co.,  Md., 
and  a  station  on  the  Pope's  Creek  Branch  of  the  Baltimore 
&  Potomac  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Bowie  Junction. 

Collingwood,  Minnesota.     See  Collin  wood. 

Coi'lingwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y., 
14  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  a  church,  &o\U; 
feed-,  and  saw-mills,  wagon-works,  Ac.     Pop.  100. 

Collingwood,  Cuyahoga  co.,  0.    See  Collinwood. 

Collingwood,  a  northeastern  suburb  of  Melbourne, 
Australia.     It  has  a  city  government.     Pop.  18,598. 


COL 


927 


COL 


Col'lingwood,  a  town  in  Simooe  co.,  Ontario,  is  on  the 
?.  shore  of  Georgian  Bay,  and  on  the  Northern  Railway,  95 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Toronto.  It  contains  a  large  tannery,  a 
itirewery,  a  steam  flour-mill,  sash-,  door-,  blind-,  pump-,  and 
lather  factories,  several  hotels,  churches,  and  stores,  2  print- 
ling-oflices,  a  branch  bank,  and  several  ship-yards  and  grain- 
lelevators.  It  has  a  largo  lumber-,  grain-,  and  produce-trade, 
llund  is  the  starting-point  of  steamers  for  Owen  Sound,  Sault 
Ste.  Marie,  Fort  William,  and  Duluth.     Pop.  (1891)  4940. 

Col'lins,  a  post-village  of  Drew  co.,  Ark.,  on  the  Little 
Eock,  Mississippi  River  <fe  Texas  Railroad,  99  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Pine  Bluff.  It  has  2  churches,  a  steam  grist-mill,  and 
11  saw-mill.     A  large  quantity  of  cotton  is  shipped  here. 

Collins,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Chicago  <t  Paducah  Railroad,  at  Newtown  Station,  6  miles 
iS.E.  of  Streator,     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill.     See 

!al80  Clement. 
Collins,  a  post-hamlet  of  Whitley  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Eel 
Biver  Railroad,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Columbia  City.     It  has 
^a  lumber-mill. 

I  Collins,  a  post-village  of  Story  co.,  Iowa,  20  miles  by 
irail  E.  of  Slater,  and  12  miles  S.E.  of  Nevada.  It  has  2 
fohurches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of 
i  washing-machines.     Pop.  500. 

\     Collins,  a  post-office  of  Greenwood  co.,  Kansas. 
j!     Collins,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ionia  co.,  Mich.,  29  miles  by 
frail  N.AV.  of  Lansing,  and  about  9  miles  S.E.  of  Ionia.    It 
jhas  a  church,  and  a  fruit-evaporator. 

Collins,  a  post-office  of  St.  Clair  co..  Mo. 
j     Collins,  a  post-township  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  bounded  on 
jthe  S.  by  Cattaraugus  Creek,  29  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Buffalo. 
It  contains  part  of  Gowanda  village. 

<     Collins,  a  post-village  of  Huron  co.,  0.,  in  Townsend 
'township,  on  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of  Nor- 
!  walk.    It  has  manufactures  of  force-pumps  and  lumber. 
i     Collins,  a  station  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  (Co- 
I  lumbia  Branch),  in  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  and  on  the  Susque- 
(hanna  River,  15  miles  below  Ilarrisburg. 
i     Collins,  a  township  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  7;53. 
Collins,  a  township  of  Georgetown  CO.,  S.C.    Pop.  1440. 

■  Collin's  Bay,  a  post-village  in  Frontenac  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  8  miles  by  rail  below  Kingston. 

[  It  contains  a  hotel,  store,  church,  and  grist-mill.  Pop.  1.30. 
'  Col'linsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bossier  parish.  La.,  on 
j  the  Red  River,  28  miles  N.  of  Shreveport.  It  has  a  church. 
1  Collins  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  29 
<  miles  S.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  2  churches,  a  free  school,  manu- 
,'  factures  of  builders'  supplies,  carpets,  engravers'  supplies, 
[  type,  &a.  Collins  Station  is  3  miles  E.  Pop.  500. 
\     Collins  Depot,  or  North  Wiibraham,  a  hamlet 

■  of  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  in  Wiibraham  and  Ludlow  town- 
ships, on  the  Springfield,  Athol  &  Northeastern  Railroad 

;  (Collins  Station)  and  the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad  (North 
;  Wiibraham  Station),  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Springfield.  It 
'  has  manufactures  of  paper.  The  post-office  is  named  North 
'  Wiibraham. 

I      Collins  Landing,   a   post-office  of   Skamania    co., 
Washington,  on   the   Columbia  River.      Steamboats  here 
'  procure  wood  for  fuel. 

,  Collins'  Mill,  a  post-village  of  Grayson  co,,  Va.,  30 
J  miles  S.  of  Max  Meadows.    It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  lumber- 

■  mill,  <fec. 

'  Col'linsville,  a  post-village  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Alabama  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  65  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Chattanooga.    It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  and  2  news- 

■  paper  offices. 

1      Collinsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Solano  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Sacramento  River,  near  its  mouth,  about  48  miles  N.E.  of 
I  San  Francisco.     Here  is  a  salmon-fishery. 

Collinsville,  a  post-village  of  Hartford  co.,  Conn., 
I  mostly  in  Canton  township,  is  on  the  Farmington  River, 
I  on  the  Central,  New  England  &  Western,  and  the  New 
;  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford  Railroads,  15  miles  W.N.W. 
;  of  Hartford.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  savings-bank,  and  a 
j  large  and  celebrated  axe-manufactory,  which  is  said  to  turn 
;  out  daily  about  4600  of  the  Collins  axes  and  edge-tools. 
I  Other  cutlery  and  screw  wrenches  and  ploughs  are  made 
[  here  by  the  Collins  Company.  Pop.  in  1880,  1376  :  in  1890, 
I   3000. 

Collinsville,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co..  111.,  13 
.  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  St.  Louis,  and  11  miles  (direct)  S.  of 
^  Edwardsville.     It  has  7  churches,  2  banks',  a  newspaper 
office,  a  high  school,  a  zinc-works,  coal-mines,  manufac- 
tures of  brick,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  3498. 

Collinsville,  Oceana  co.,  Mich.     See  Mears. 
Collinsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.,  near 
Black  River,  1  mile  from  the  Utica  &  Black  River  Rail- 


road, and  about  45  miles  N.  by  W.  from  Utica.    It  has  2 
churches. 

Collinsville,  a  post-village  of  Butler  co.,  0.,  in  Mil- 
ford  township,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Richmond  &  Chicago 
Railroad,  36  miles  N.  by  W.  from  Cincinnati.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  140. 

Collinsville,  a  post-village  of  Grayson  co.,  Tex.,  at 
the  crossing  of  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  and  the  Texas 
&  Pacific  Railroads,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Sherman.  It  has  3 
churches,  an  academy,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  lumber, 
and  brooms.     Pop.  in  1890,  332. 

Collinsville,  a  post-office  of  Frederick  co.,Va.,  15  miles 
(direct)  N.N.W.  of  Winchester,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Collinwood,  Meeker  co.,  Minn,     See  Dassel, 

Col'linwood,  a  post-village  of  Cuyahoga  co.,  0.,  in 
East  Cleveland  township,  on  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  7 
miles  E.  of  Cleveland.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  manu- 
factures of  terra-cotta,  brick,  and  tile,  and  a  planing-mill. 
Pop.  about  2000. 

Collie,  kol'le-o,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  li 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Brescia,  on  the  Mella.     Pop.  2226. 

Collioure,  korie-ooR',  a  seaport  town  of  France,  in 
Pyr6n6es-Orientales,  on  the  Mediterranean,  15  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Perpignan.    Pop.  3446.    It  is  defended  by  forts, 

Collirene,  kori§-reen',  a  post-hamlet  of  Lowndes  co,, 
Ala,,  10  miles  from  Benton  Station.  It  has  a  church  and 
an  academy, 

Collo,  kol'lo,  a  town  of  Algeria,  68  miles  W.  of  Bona, 
on  Collo  Bay,  in  the  Mediterranean,     Pop.  1081. 

Collobrieres,  korio^bre-aiR',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Var,  19  miles  E.N.E.  of  Toulon.     Pop.  2446. 

Col'lomsville,  a  post-village  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Limestone  township,  about  12  miles  S.W.  of  Williamsport. 
It  has  a  tannery,  2  grist-mills,  and  several  saw-mills. 

Col'lon,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co,  of  Louth,  5i  miles  N.W. 
of  Drogheda.     Pop.  547, 

Collouge,  kori6Nzh',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  in 
Valais,  4  miles  S.E,  of  Saint  Maurice,  on  the  Rhone, 

CoUoo'ney,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co,  and  6  miles  by  rail 
S,  of  Sligo,  on  the  Owenbeg, 

Collump'ton,  or  Cnllomp'ton,  a  town  of  England, 
CO.  of  Devon,  12i  miles  by  rail  N.E,  of  Exeter.     Pop,  2205. 

Col'ly  Creek,  North  Carolina,  runs  S.S.E.  in  Bladen 
CO.,  and  enters  South  River  10  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Coll'yer,  a  post- village  of  Trego  co.,  Kansas,  14  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Wa  Keeney.     It  has  several  stores, 

Col'ma  (Colma  Station  Post-Office),  a  post-village  of 
San  Mateo  co.,  Cal.,  9  miles  by  rail  S,  of  San  Francisco. 
It  has  a  church,  a  distillery,  <fcc, 

Col'man,  a  post-hamlet  of  Moody  co.,  S.D,,  14  miles  by 
rail  W,  by  S,  of  Flandreau.  It  has  2  church  organizations 
and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop,  100. 

Colman  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N,Y., 
on  the  Harlem  Railroad,  ij  miles  N.  of  Amenia, 

Colniar,orKolmar,  kormar(L.  Columba'ria),  a  city 
of  Germany,  capital  of  Upper  Als.ace,  on  the  Lauch,  near 
its  confluence  with  the  111,  at  a  railway  junction,  41  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Strasburg.  Pop.  in  1885,  26,513.  It  is  well  built; 
and  its  old  ramparts  are  now  converted  into  planted  boule- 
vards. The  principal  edifices  are  a  cathedral,  town  hall, 
theatre,  prison,  and  court-house.  It  has  a  normal  college,  a 
collection  of  paintings  and  a  library  of  50,000  volumes,  and 
several  hospitals.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  superior  court,  and 
has  active  manufactures  of  cotton  fabrics,  tapes,  cutlery, 
paper,  leather,  brushes,  combs,  &c.,  which  articles,  with  corn 
and  other  produce,  it  e.xports  into  Switzerland,  Colmar  was 
an  imperial  city  in  the  Middle  Ages,  and  had  an  active 
share  in  the  civil  wars  under  Rodolph  of  Hapsburg  and 
Adolph  of  Nassau, 

Col'mar,  a  post-hamlet  of  McDonough  co,,  111,,  in  La- 
moine  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  <fc  Quincy 
Railroad,  15  miles  W,S.W,  of  Macomb, 

Colmar,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co,.  Pa.,  on  the 
North  Pennsylvania  Railroad  (Doylestown  Branch),  25 
miles  N.  of  Philadelphia,  and  1  mile  from  Line  Lexington, 
Here  are  2  churches  and  2  hotels, 

Colmars,  kormaB'  (L.  Col'tis  Mar'tis,  i.e.,  "Mars' 
Hill"),  a  town  of  France,  in  Basses-Alpes,  24  miles  N.  of 
Castellanne,  on  the  Verdon,     Pop,  1182, 

Colmenar,  kol-mi-naR',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
15  miles  N.  of  Malaga,     Pop,  5800, 

Colmenar  del  Arroyo,  kol-mi-nan'  di\  aR-Ro'yo, 
a  town  of  Spain,  33  miles  S,E.  of  Avila.     Pop.  420. 

Colmenar  de  la  Sierra,  kol-mi-nan'  di,  lA  se-fiR'ni, 
a  town  of  Spain,  35  miles  N.  of  Guadalajara,  on  the  Jarama, 

Colmenar  de  Oreja,  kol-mi-naB'  d4  o-rA'ai,  a  towD 
of  Spain,  30  miles  S,S,E,  of  Madrid,     Pop.  4833. 


COL 


928 


COL 


Golmenar  Vicjo,  ttol-mi-naR'  rt-k'ao,  a  town  of 
Spain,  17  Diilos  N.  of  Miulrid.     Pop.  5115. 

Colmesneil)  korin«-iieel',  a  po«t-village  of  Tyler  oo., 
T«x.,  6  luilM  by  rail  N.  of  Woodville,  and  09  miles  by  rail 
E.  of  Trinity.  It  baa  X  oliurohcs,  a  lumber-faotory,  and  2 
newspaper  offices.     Pop.  12U0. 

Colne,  kOln  or  kOn,  a  river  of  England,  oos.  of  Ilertf 
and  Middlesex,  joins  the  Thaiuos  at  Staineii. 

Colne^  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Essex,  Joins  the  North 
6«»  N.  of  the  Blaokwater.     Length,  30  miles. 

Colne*  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Glouoester,  Joins  the 
Isis  near  Loohlade.     Length,  25  miles. 

CoInC)  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Lancaster,  on  an 
affluent  of  the  Calder,  and  on  the  Leeds  &  Liverpool 
Canal,  at  a  railway  Junction,  32  miles  N.E.  of  Manchester. 
It  has  two  chapels  of  ease,  a  grammar-school,  a  cloth  hall, 
and  large  manufactories  of  calico  and  mousselino-de-laine. 
Its  mills  are  partly  wrought  by  water-power.  Coal,  slate, 
and  lime  abound  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  7335. 

Co'lo,  a  post-village  of  Story  oo.,  Iowa,  in  Now  Albany 
township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  22 
miles  W.  of  Marshalltown.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and 
a  wagon-factory.     Pop.  226. 

Coloczn,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Kalocsa. 

Cologna,  ko-16n'yi,  a  town  of  Italy,  19  miles  S.E.  of 
Verona.     Pop.  7405.     It  has  manufactures  of  silk. 

Cologne,  ko-lon',  Fr.  pron.  koMon'(Gor.  Ciiln  or  Kiiln, 
kSln;  anc.  Op'pidum{or  Oiv'itas)  Ubio'rum;  later,  Colo'nia 
AgrippVna,  and  Colo'nia  Clau'dia  Agrippinen' tU),  a  city, 
the  capital  of  Rhenish  Prussia  and  of  the  government  of 
Cologne,  on  the  Vf.  bank  of  the  Rhine,  45  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Coblentz.  It  is  at  the  junction  of  several  railways,  and  is 
opposite  to  Deutz,  to  which  two  bridges  extend.  Its  great 
cathedral,  one  of  the  finest  Gothic  buildings  in  the  world,  is 
the  chief  object  of  interest.  The  city  is  a  fortress  of  the  first 
class.  It  is  a  Catholic  archbishop's  see,  and  the  seat  of  a 
large  foreign  trade.  It  also  carries  on  a  domestic  trade  by 
rail  and  river.  Besides  the  ean  de  Cologne,  which  takes  its 
name  from  the  place,  it  manufactures  a  great  variety  of 
goods.  Cologne  was  a  town  of  some  importance  even  before 
the  Roman  conquest,  and  many  of  its  buildings  arc  of  deep 
historical  interest.     Its  narrow  and  crooked  streets  and  its 

Juaint  and  irregular  architecture  give  it  more  of  the  me- 
isBval  character  than  most  German  cities  possess.  It  is 
the  seat  of  important  literary  and  educational  institutions. 

Pop.  in  1880, 144,772;  in  1890,  282,537. Adj.  and  inhab. 

CoiX)GNESE,  koMo-neez'. 

Cologne,  or  KOln,  a  government  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
bounded  N.  by  the  government  of  Dusseldorf,  E.  by  the 
province  of  Westphalia,  S.  by  Coblentz,  and  W.  by  Anchcn. 
Area,  1544  square  miles.  It  lies  wholly  in  the  valley  of 
the  Rhine,  and  is  divided  into  10  circles,  of  which  the 
circle  of  Cologne,  containing  the  capital,  has  an  area  of  176 
square  miles.     Pop.  654,791. 

Cologne,  koMoii',  a  town  of  France,  in  Qers,  18  miles 
N.  of  Lombez.     Pop.  745. 

Cologno,  ko-16n'yo,  a  walled  town  of  Italy,  in  Lom- 
bardy,  8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bergamo.     Pop.  2747. 

Colokythia,  Greece.    See  Gulf  of  KoLOKyrniA. 

Cololo,  ko-lo'lo,  a  mountain  of  the  Andes,  near  the 
boundary  of  Peru  and  Bolivia,  in  lat.  14°  67'  S.,  Ion.  69° 
10'  W.     Height,  17,930  feet. 

Colo'nia,  a  post-village  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ala.,  about  10 
miles  (direct)  S.E.  of  Centre,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Coloma,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  El  Dorado  co., 
Cal.,  on  the  South  Fork  of  the  American  River,  about  44 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Sacramento.  It  bos  2  churches.  Gold  has 
been  found  here.     Pop.  925. 

Coloma,  Washington  co.,  111.    See  Dubois. 

Coloma,  a  township  of  Whiteside  co.,  111.,  Pop.  856. 
It  includes  Rock  Falls. 

Coloma,  a  post-village  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.,  in  Reserve 
township,  4  miles  W.  of  Rockville,  and  4  miles  E.  of  Monte- 
zuma.    It  has  a  Friends'  meeting,  and  a  graded  school. 

Coloma,  a  post-village  of  Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Paw  Paw  River,  10  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Benton  Harbor. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  flour-mills,  lumber- 
mills,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  600. 

Coloma,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co..  Mo.,  16  miles  N. 
of  Carrollton.     It  has  3  churches. 

Coloma,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waushara  co..  Wis.,  in  Coloma 
township,  about  50  miles  W.  of  Oshkosh. 

Coloma  Station,  a  post-office  of  Waushara  co.,  Wis., 
on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad  (Southern  division),  35 
miles  S.  of  Stevens  Point.     It  is  in  Coloma  township. 

Colombes,  koMoub',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Seine,  6  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Paris.    Pop.  2681. 


Colombia,  ko-lom'be-^  {La  RepibUca  de  Colombi 
14  rA-poob'le-k&  dk  ko-lom-bee'&),  a  federal  republic 
South  America,  occupying  the  northwesternmuHt  porti^ 
of  that  continent,  and  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Caribbu 
Sea,  on  the  E.  by  Venezuela,  S.  by  Brazil  and  Koundor,  iii 
W.  by  the  Pacific  Ocean.  It  consists  of  nine  dcpartuieni 
whose  area  and  population,  aooording  to  the  latest  offioi 
estimate,  are  as  follows : 


Dopartmenta. 


Antloquia 

Bolivur 

B<i}'ac& 

Caiica. 

Cundiiinmarc* 

Ma);ilalena. 

I'aDuma  

Suntaiider 

Tolimu 

Total... 


Area  In 
■q.  miles. 


21,()00 
80,000 
3i>,000 
267,424 
92,  (KK) 
30,000 
32,380 
1«,000 
18,434 


633,238 


Population. 


470,000 
280,000 
70-2,(KKI 
621,000 
6«U,(X)0 
90,000 
285,000 
6M,600 
306,000 


3,878,600 


Capital!. 


The  republic  is  traversed  by  3  great  Andean  ranges,  vit.| 
the  central  range,  or  Cordillera  of  Quindiu,  the  Western,  o| 
that  of  Choco,  and  the  Eastern  Cordillera,  or  that  of  Suui.j 
Paz.  These  unite  near  the  Ecuadorian  frontier  into  a  greii 
plateau,  11,695  feet  in  average  height.  Besides  the  abov' 
ranges  there  are  several  extensive  contreforts  and  mountain 
groups,  all  connected  directly  with  the  Andes.  There  arJ 
numbers  of  peaks  clad  in  perpetual  snow,  principally  in  tbi 
eastern  chain.  Earthquakes  are  not  uncommon  in  somil 
parts.  The  southeastern  half  of  the  country  belongs  to  tli( 
llano,  or  great  plain,  which  occupies  also  a  large  part  ot 
Venezuela.  This  portion  is  traversed  by  many  fine  navig;i- 
ble  rivers,  tributaries  of  the  Orinoco  and  Amazon.  Tli( 
S.W.  part  of  this  level  region  is  a  great  forest.  Most  of 
the  rivers  are  of  the  Atlantic  slope.  The  principal  ones  arej 
the  Magdalona  (whose  valley  lies  between  the  Eastern  and 
the  Central  Andes),  the  Cauca  (between  the  central  and  the 
main  western  ridge),  the  Atrato,  which  flows  in  a  long  nar- 
row valley  of  the  Western  Andes,  the  Meta,  Vichada,  aii'l 
Guaviare,  tributaries  of  the  Orinoco,  and  the  Rio  Negro  and 
Japura,  important  afiluents  of  the  Amazon.  The  rivers  of 
the  Pacific  versant  are  all  short,  but  several  of  them  are 
navigated. 

The  climate  of  Colombia  varies  with  the  elevation.  The 
coast-land  and  low  plains  are  in  general  hot  and  sickly;  bat 
the  high  table-lands  have  often  a  genial  climate,  the  per- 
petual spring  of  Bogota  being  especially  fine.  Here  every  i 
product  of  the  temperate  zones  grows  to  perfection. 

The  mineral  wealth  of  Colombia  is  great.  Considerable 
gold  is  produced,  chiefly  from  placer-mines.  Rich  ores  of  j 
silver  are  known  to  be  abundant,  and  a  few  of  them  are 
exploited  to  some  degree.  The  best  emeralds  known  are  I 
found  in  the  state  of  Boj'acd.  Salt  and  coal  are  plentiful, 
and  platinum,  copper,  mercury,  and  several  other  metals  nro 
found  at  difi"erent  points.  Among  the  native  products  are 
many  fine  timber  trees,  the  wax-palm,  cacao,  india-rubber, 
ipecac,  calisaya  bark,  divi-divi,  balsam  of  tolu,  vegetable 
ivory,  cochineal,  sarsaparilla,  logwood,  fustic,  archil,  Su. 
These,  with  rice,  mother-of-pearl,  cotton,  indigo,  tobacco, 
coffee,  sugar,  bananas,  hides,  gold-dust,  ores,  deer-skins,  and 
Panama  hats,  are  leading  articles  of  export, — the  last  C0BI« 
modity  being  extensively  prepared  from  the  fibre  called 
jipijapa,  the  product  of  a  native  palm-like  tree. 

Wheat,  maize,  and  barley  thrive  in  the  temperate  high- 
land. Among  the  native  animals  are  the  puma,  jaguar, 
bear,  sloth,  deer,  armadillo,  cavy,  opossum,  tapir,  many 
kinds  of  monkeys,  the  condor,  parrots,  humming-birds,  Ae. 
Agriculture  and  stock-raising  are  leading  pursuits.  There 
is  a  pearl-fishery  in  the  Gulf  of  Panama. 

Several  lines  of  railway  connect  the  principal  cities,  the 
aggregate  length  in  operation  being,  in  1887,  201  niilei, 
with  338  miles  in  course  of  construction.  The  foreign  trade 
is  now  chiefly  carried  on  at  Aspinwall  and  Panama  (mostly 
in  transit),  and  at  Barranquilla,  Rio  Hacha,  Cartagena, 
Tumaco,  and  Santa  Marta.  Numerous  steamboats  are  em- 
ployed upon  the  Magdalena,  and  some  development  has 
been  made  of  steam- navigation  on  the  Amazon  tributaries. 

The  government  consists  of  a  president,  elected  for  six 
years,  a  senate  of  27  members  (3  from  each  department), 
and  a  house  of  representatives  (1  for  each  50.000  inhabi- 
tants), elected  by  universal  suffrage.  The  governors  of  the 
departments  are  nominated  by  the  president.  The  Spanish 
language  is  universal,  except  among  the  Indians.  Com- 
pulsory  education  is   required   by   law.      The    principal 


COL 


929 


COL 


*ns  are  Bogota,  the  capital,  Mcdellin,  Panama,  Socorro, 
Id  Popayan. 

jrhecensus  of  1870  returned  a  total  population  of  2,950,01 7, 
Iclusive  of  uncivilized  Indians.  In  tlie  colonial  period 
'is  country  was  a  part  of  the  Spanish  viceroyalty  of  New 
.anada,  in  which  Venezuela  and  Ecuador  were  long  in- 
iided.  From  1811  to  1824  the  country  was  at  war  with 
lain.  Bolivar  founded,  in  1819,  a  republic  of  Colombia, 
iiich  included  Ecuador  and  Venezuela;  but  this  fell  to 
ijces  in  1830.  The  country  under  consideration  was  called 
isw  Granada  from  1831  to  1863,  then  the  United  States  ot 
!  lombia  until  1886,  when  a  new  constitution  was  adopted 
der  the  title  La  Reptiblica  de  Colombia. 
[Colombier,  koM6M^be-4',  a  village  of  France,  in  Isfire, 
i  miles  N.E.  of  Vienne.  Pop.  1538. 
'iCoIombier,  ko'16M'be-i'.  a  village  of  Switzerland,  can- 
1  and  4  miles  S.W.  of  Neufchatel.  Pop.  1007. 
'Colom'bo,  or  Colum'bo,  the  principal  seaport  town 
id  the  modern  capital  of  Ceylon,  on  its  \V.  coast,  in  lat.  6° 
j'N.,  lon.79°49'E.  Pop.  in  1891, 126,926.  The  fortified 
wn,  about  li  miles  in  circumference,  stands  on  a  rocky 
ininsula,  surrounded  on  three  sides  by  the  sea,  and  having 
idward  a  lake,  a  moat,  and  drawbridges.  Internally  it  is 
i.e  a  European  town  :  its  buildings  are  mostly  in  a  plain 
Utch  style,  and  some  of  its  streets  are  lined  with  trees, 
iimate  salubrious,  though  humid.  Mean  temperature  of 
'e  year,  80°.7 ;  winter,  79°.l ;  summer,  80°.9  Fahr.  The 
I'tified  town  is  the  residence  of  the  civil  and  military  au- 
orities  and  the  principal  European  residents  of  Ceylon  ; 
)e  open  town  to  the  E.  is  occupied  by  a  mixed  population 
'■  Dutch  and  Portuguese  descent;  and  the  suburbs  are  in- 
•  bited  by  native  Singhalese.  Principal  edifices,  the  gov- 
fnment  house,  court-house,  town  hall,  lunatic  asylum,  Eng- 
!h,  Dutch,  and  Portuguese  churches,  chapels,  extensive 
jrracks,  a  good  military  hospital,  and  the  light-house.  It 
i,3  museums,  a  medical  school,  2  colleges,  hotels,  and  libra- 
liS.  The  harbor,  defended  by  several  forts,  is  small,  and 
le  roadstead  is  safe  only  during  the  S.E.  monsoon.    Colombo 

■  the  entrepQt  for  most  of  the  foreign  trade  of  Ceylon.  It 
liS  beautiful  cinnamon-gardens,  saw-mills,  coffee-mills, 
ianufactures  of  coir  and  oil,  and  a  great  breakwater,  com- 
ienced  in  1875.  A  railroad  79  miles  long  connects  Colombo 
{ th  Kandy.  Colombo  was  occupied  by  the  Portuguese  in 
|'17,  taken  by  the  Dutch  in  1603,  and  by  the  English  in 
I  96.    It  is  the  see  of  an  Anglican  bishop. 

Colomera,  ko-lo-mi'rJ,,  a  town  of  Spain,  12  miles  N. 
'Granada,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name.  Pop.  about  2000. 
'  CoMon,  a  post-village  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
!;.  Joseph  River,  10  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Centreville.  It  has 
'  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  and  an  academy, 
'op.  in  1890,  489. 

•  Colon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saunders  co..  Neb.,  6  miles  by 
fiil  N.  of  Wahoo.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  100. 

I  Colon,  ko-lon',  a  town  of  Cuba,  40  miles  by  rail  S.E. 

■  Cardenas.     Pop.  1593. 

I  Colon,  Colombia,  South  America.  See  Aspinwall. 
I  Colo'na,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co..  111.,  in  Colona 
1  wnship,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  <fc  Pacific  and  Rock- 
!  rd.  Rock  Island  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroads,  and  on  Green 
( iver,  12  miles  E.  of  Rock  Island.  Coal  is  mined  here.  It 
[is  several  churches  and  a  graded  school.  Its  post-office  is 
iamed  Colona  Station.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1223. 
!  Colona  di  Buriano,  ko-lo'nS.  dee  boo-re-i'no,  a  vil- 
;.ge  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Castigliono  della 

•  escaia,  remarkable  for  the  remains  of  oyclopean  walls  and 
;  ir  Roman  and  Etruscan  antiquities. 

I  CoMonelgunj',  a  town  of  India,  in   Oude,  Fyzabad 

istrict.     Pop.  10,000. 

'  Colouella,  kol-o-n51'ld,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
|6  miles  N.E.  of  Teramo,  near  the  Mediterranean.  P.  4259. 
(  Colonia,  or  Colonia  do   Santissimo   Sacra- 

lento,  ko-lo'ne-i  do  s5.n-tees'se-mo  s3,-krS,-m5n'to  (i.e., 
I  Colony  of  the  Most  Holy  Sacrament"),  a  fortified  maritime 
^)wn  of  South  America,  in  Uruguay,  on  the  N.  bank  of 
fie  estuary  of  the  Plata,  opposite  Buenos  Ayres,  98  miles 
!  ir.N.W.  of  Montevideo.     Pop.  2500. 
I  Colonia,  or  Colonia  Agrippina.    See  Cologne. 
I  Colo'nial  Beach,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co., 
f'a.,  70  miles  S.  of  Washington,  D.C.,  and  13  miles  N.W. 
■f  Montross.     It  has  a  church  and  a  public  school.    It  is 
I  summer  resort. 
Colonia  Patricia,  an  ancient  name  of  Cordova. 
Colonna,  Greece.    See  Cape  Colonna. 
I   Col onne,  a  cape  of  Italy.    See  Cape  Nau. 
I   Col'onsa,  or  Col'onsay,  an  island  of  the  Hebrides, 
In  Argyleshire,  Scotland,  9  miles  W.N.W.,  of  Islay,  near 
'  he  island  of  Oronsay.   Loch  Fad  is  in  the  centre.   Pop.  408. 


Colony,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1264. 
It  contains  the  village  of  Colesburg. 

Culuny,  a  post-village  of  Anderson  CO.,  Kansas,  16  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Garnett.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks,  a 
newspaper  office,  <tc.     Pop.  600. 

Colony,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Middle 
Fabius,  33  miles  W.S.W.  of  Keokuk,  Iowa.    It  has  a  church. 

Coio'ra,  a  post-village  of  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Phila- 
delphia <fc  Baltimore  Central  Railroad,  63  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Philadelphia.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Colorado,  kol-o-rah'do  (Spanish  pron.  ko-lo-rS,'do),  a 
W.  central  state  of  the  American  Union,  traversed  by 
the  Rocky  Mountains.  It  is  bounded  N.  by  Wyoming 
and  Nebraska,  E.  by  Nebraska  and  Kansas,  S.  by  Okla- 
homa and  New  Mexico,  and  W.  by  Utah.  The  37th  and 
4l8t  parallels  of  N.  latitude  and  the  meridians  of  the  102d 
and  109th  degrees  of  W.  longitude  enclose  the  state.  Area, 
103,925  square  miles.  In  the  order  of  its  admission  to  the 
tnion  it  is  the  thirty-eighth  state. 

Surface  of  the  Country. — The  Sierra  Madre,  or  main 
chain  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  on  approaching  this  state 
from  the  S.  is  broken  into  a  plexus  of  wild  and  irregular 
ranges,  which  traverse  the  W.  and  central  parts  of  Colorad" 
and  contain  the  highest  peaks  of  the  Rocky  Mountains 
proper,  at  least  within  the  limits  of  the  United  States. 
Among  these  are  Pike's  and  Long's  Peaks,  Mts.  Torrcy, 
Gray,  Lincoln,  Yale,  and  Harvard,  the  Spanish  Peaks,  <tc., 
which  range  between  11,000  and  15,000  feet,  some  of  them 
towering  above  the  line  of  perpetual  snow.  The  mountain- 
chains  enclose  a  series  of  remarkable  valleys,  known  as 
parks,  often  containing  small  lakes,  which,  as  some  have 
supposed,  may  once  have  been  larger  and  given  their  basin- 
like character  to  the  parks  themselves.  The  parks  are  gen- 
erally small,  but  others  are  larger  than  some  entire  states 
of  the  Union.  The  best  known  of  the  great  parks  are  the 
North,  Middle,  South,  Las  Animas,  and  San  Luis  Parks, 
Notwithstanding  their  great  elevation,  most  of  the  parks 
are  fertile,  well  timbered,  and  have  a  mild  climate,  and  the 
remarkable  height  of  their  mountain-walls  gives  them  a 
strikingly  characteristic  magnificence  of  scenery.  The 
mountains  of  Colorado,  with  those  immediately  N.,  consti- 
tute a  great  hydrographic  centre.  In  this  state  arise  the 
Platte  River,  two  forks  of  the  Kansas,  the  Arkansas,  the 
Rio  Grande,  and  several  large  tributaries  of  the  Colorado 
of  the  West.  The  E.  portion  of  the  state  consists  of  a  vast 
plain,  well  fitted  for  pasturage. 

Geology  and  Mineral  Wealth. — The  mountain-region  is 
formed  almost  entirely  of  azoic  and  eozoic  rocks  ;  and  along 
the  E.  and  S.W.  borders  of  this  region  runs  a  narrow  belt 
of  palaeozoic,  mostly  Devonian,  age.  The  parks  are  mostly 
bods  of  the  tertiary.  Outside  the  palasozoic  belt  comes  another 
narrow  belt,  consisting  of  richly  metalliferous  Jurassic  and 
Triassic  strata,  especially  developed  in  the  S.W.,  and  again 
near  the  head-waters  of  the  Arkansas,  but  extending  N.  be- 
yond the  Slate  line.  East  of  the  mountains,  in  the  valleys 
of  the  South  Platte  and  Arkansas  Rivers,  are  cretaceous, 
and  there  are  also  some  tertiary,  deposits.  In  the  S.W, 
the  cretaceous  predominates,  and  the  tertiary  in  the  N.W., 
where  there  are,  however,  strips  of  the  cretaceous  exposed 
along  most  of  the  streams.  Volcanic  rocks  are  found  at  sev- 
eral points  in  the  S.  Along  the  E.  border  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains  there  are  coal-deposits,  wrought  to  some  extent ; 
but  the  product  is  a  lignite  of  relatively  late  origin,  and 
not  a  true  coal  of  the  carboniferous  age.  Its  quality,  how- 
ever, is  fair,  and  it  is  prized  for  domestic  uses.  At  soma 
points  it  is  metamorphosed  into  an  excellent  anthracite,  and 
at  some  others  it  is  a  coking-coal.  A  fine  vein  of  a  sub- 
stance closely  resembling  albertite  or  grahamite  is  found  in 
Summit  co.  In  1858  and  1859  splendid  discoveries  of 
gold  were  made  to  the  N.  of  Pike's  Peak,  and  pan-  and 
gulch-mining  proved  remunerative  enough  to  attract  many 
thousands  of  adventurers ;  but  after  a  time  it  was  found  that 
a  large  proportion  of  the  gold  existed  in  the  form  of  sul- 
phides and  tellurides,  from  which  the  precious  metal  is  not 
easily  extracted.  Hence  for  a  time  this  branch  of  mining 
industry  declined;  but  the  introduction  of  new  processes 
for  reduction  again  rendered  gold-mining  profitable,  espe- 
cially to  parties  having  abundant  skill  and  capital.  Rich 
gold-  and  silver-bearing  quartz  was  later  discovered  in  the 
San  Juan  Region  of  the  S.W.,  and  the  valuable  mines  of 
California  Gulch,  in  Lake  co.,  caused  the  miraculous  growth 
of  Leadville.  Most  of  the  silver  ores  of  the  state  contain 
gold,  and  the  gold  ores  also  contain  silver,  and  copper  is  a 
not  unfrequent  admixture.  Iron  ores  of  many  kinds,  valu- 
able silver-bearing  galena,  zinc,  pyrites,  soda,  petroleum, 
and  other  useful  mineral  substances  abound.  'Ibermai  and 
mineral  springs  are  numerous  in  some  sections. 


COL 


«30 


ClimaU. — The  rainfall  it  imall  aa  eoinpared  with  that  of 
most  inaritime  regiona:  oonsoqucntly,  although  the  country 
is  Dowly  Mttled,  thero  ii  a  nutewurthy  frcoUoiu  from  mala- 
rious diseases,  and  the  whole  region  has  a  high  reputation 
as  a  resort  for  oonsum|ittves.  The  great  elevation  of  the 
state  gives  it  a  delightful  summer  climate.  Little  snow 
falls  in  winter,  even  upon  the  mountains,  and  cattle  feed 
upon  the  self-cured  and  unharvosted  grosses  throughout 
the  winter.  The  pure  air,  the  fine  scenery,  and  the  clear 
skies  of  Colorado  are  praised  by  every  tourist. 

At/ricultur«  is  not  carried  on  to  any  grout  extent  in  this 
state,  except  at  points  whore  irrigation  can  bo  effected. 
This  is  usually  undertaken  by  stock  companies,  or  by  the 
co-operation  of  a  number  of  agriculturists  or  the  people 
of  a  farming  colony,  and  ditches  many  miles  in  length 
are  in  some  coses  out.  The  irrigation  of  thousands  uf 
acres  is  thus  effected  by  meons  of  one  liberal  outlay  and 
a  smiUl  subsequent  annual  expense.  Thus  treated,  the 
londs  yield  generously  of  all  the  ordinary  cereal  grains  and 
the  root-crops  of  northern  culture.  Garden-  and  doiry- 
products  ore  specialties  at  some  points.  In  general,  cattle- 
grazing  and  sheep-husbandry  ore,  however,  the  leading 
pursuits  kindred  to  agriculture.  For  these  occupations  no 
fwrt  of  the  Union  seems  better  adapted,  and  the  extent  of 
the  business  is  every  year  largely  increasing. 

The  lumber  manufacture  has  employed  considerable  capi- 
tal in  Colorado,  which,  however,  is  not  in  general  a  well- 
tinibered  state.  Box-elder,  cotton  wood,  and  a  few  other 
kinds  of  trees  grow  very  sparingly  along  the  streams  in 
the  E.  section ;  and  a  large  amount  of  pine  has  been  cut, 
chiefly  along  the  divide  which  separates  the  upper  valley 
of  the  South  Platte  from  that  of  the  Arkansas.  Much  com- 
plaint has  been  made  on  account  of  the  alleged  useless  de- 
struction of  the  forests,  and  at  several  points  tree-plantin2 
has  been  attempted,  with  good  promise  of  success.  The 
development  of  the  coal-  and  iron -fields  and  tho  manufac- 
ture of  iron  and  steel  are  important  industries. 

Jiailroads. — The  railroad  facilities  of  Colorado  are  exten- 
sive. Among  the  important  systems  are  the  Union  Pacific, 
the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande,  The  Burlington  Route,  the  Den- 
ver &  New  Orleans,  and  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6. 
There  were  in  1890,  4291  miles  of  railroad  in  operation. 

Counties. — There  are  55  counties,  viz.,  Arapahoe,  Archu- 
leta, Baca,  Bent,  Boulder,  Chaffee,  Cheyenne,  Clear  Creek, 
Conejos,  Costilla,  Custer,  Delta,  Dolores,  Douglas,  Eagle, 
Elbert,  El  Paso,  Fremont,  Garfield,  Gilpin,  Grand,  Gunni- 
son, Hinsdale,  Huerfano,  Jefferson,  Kiowa,  Kit  Carson, 
Lake,  La  Plata,  Larimer,  Los  Animas,  Lincoln,  Logan, 
Mesa,  Montezuma,  Montrose,  Morgan,  Otero,  Ouray,  Park, 
Phillips,  Pitkin,  Prowers,  Pueblo,  Rio  Blanco,  Rio  Grande, 
Routt,  Saguache,  San  Juan,  San  Miguel,  Sedgwick,  Summit, 
Washington,  Weld,  and  Yuma.  The  chief  cities  and  towns 
are  Denver,  Pueblo,  Colorado  Springs,  and  Leadville. 

Education  is  cared  for  by  a  superintendent  of  public  in- 
struction, and  there  are  also  county  superintendents  and 
local  school  trustees.  The  money  for  schools  comes  from 
local  taxation.  There  are  several  schods  for  secondary  in- 
struction, and  private  collegiate  schools.  The  state  uni- 
versity is  at  Boulder,  the  state  agricultural  college  at  Fort 
Collins,  the  school  of  mines  at  Golden,  and  a  school  for 
deaf-mutes  and  blind  at  Colorado  Springs.  Denver  Uni- 
versity is  located  at  Denver,  and  Colorado  College  at  Colo- 
rado Springs.  At  Del  Norte  is  the  Presbyterian  College 
of  the  Southwest,  and  at  Golden,  St.  Matthew's  Uall,  a 
theological  school  (Protestant  Episcopal). 

The  population  in  1860  was  34,277,  mostly  white  male 
adventurers,  who  had  just  arrived  in  the  new  Pike's  Peak 
country  in  search  of  gold.  In  1870  the  population  was 
returned  at  47,164,  including  some  7480  Indians  and  the 
Spanish-speaking  inhabitants  of  the  south.  Since  1870  the 
white  population  has  very  largely  increased :  in  1880  it 
was  returned  as  194,327,  and  in  1890  as  412,198,  when  the 
number  of  Indians  was  985. 

Finances,  &c. — The  total  state  debt  in  1890  was  $599,851, 
»nd  the  total  assessed  valuation  of  property  $193,264,127.38. 
In  1890  the  number  of  national  banks  was  50.  There  were 
also  41  state  banks  and  58  private  banks.  The  yield  of 
precious  metals  in  1888  was  $28,074,888,  of  which  the  gold 
product  was  $3,534,790.  The  coal-fields  are  estimated  to 
cover  an  area  as  large  as  New  England.  The  product  in 
1889  was  over  2,500,000  tons.  Colorado  holds  the  first  rank 
in  the  production  of  lead. 

History. — Two-thirds  of  Colorado,  including  the  western 
half  and  a  tract  along  the  S.  line,  belonged  to  Mexico  until 
1847,  and  was  regarded  as  a  portion  of  New  Mexico;  and  a 
portion  of  this  tract  has  long  supported  a  scanty  Spanish- 
American  population  with  a  strong  admixture  of  Indian 


blood. 


COL 

The  discovery  of  gold  near  Pike's  Peok  in  L 


1 


and  the  subsequent  raj)id  settlement  of  tho  country, 
been  already  noticed.    In  18C1  tho  territory  was  org'anJY 
In  1865  a  state  constitution  was  adopted,  and  in  ISttti, ;'-' 
and  1873  application  was  made  to  Congress  to  admit  (C! 
rado  as  a  state;  but  this  was  not  aocom]>lished  until  1 
in  which  year  she  took  part  in  tho  presidential  eleci 
not  by  popular  vote,  but  by  means  of  its  le);isliituro  i 
which  devolved  the  choice  of  presidential  electors.     '   | 
Colorado,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  Toj» 
has  an  area  of  about  1000  sauaro  miles.     It  is  intcriicld 
by  the  Colorado  River,  which  is  navigable  by  stcainbtii 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  praili 
and  with  forests  of  live-oak,  pecan,  hickory,  Ac. ;  the  tuji 
partly  sandy  and  partly  fertile.     Cotton,  cattle,  and  Indl) 
corn  are  the  staple  products.     It  is  traversed  by  the  d 
veston,  Harrisburg  &  San  Antonio  Railroad.    Capital  i 
lumbus.     Pop.  in  1870,  8326;  in  1880,  16,673:  in  I'si 
19,612.  I 

Colorado,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Mitchell  co.,  Tex.,i 
the  Texas  A  Pacific  Railway,  69  miles  W.  of  Abileoc'l 
has  8  churches,  3  banks,  extensive  manufactures  of  i 
soda,  Ac,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  1582. 
Colorado,  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.    See  Lost  Crebk. 
Colorado,  a  locality  in  Warren  co.,  Pa.,  10  miles  I 
by  E.  of  Pithole.     It  has  afforded  much  petroleum.        '< 
Colorado  Chiquito.     See  Colorado  Rivek  (Utal{ 
Colorado  City,  a  post-village  of  El  Paso  co.,  Colomd 
2  miles  by  mil  N.W.  of  Colorado  Springs.    It  has  6  churchci 
a  bank,  3  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of  glai 
paint,  cement,  and  plaster  of  Paris.     Pop.  in  1*<!)0.  1788. 
Colorado  IMver,  Texas,  rises  in  the  tablc-Ianals 
the  N.W.  part  of  the  state,  by  two  branches,  called  the  Nori 
Fork  and   Salt  Fork,  which   unite  near  lat.  32°  N. 
runs  southeastward,  and  forms  the  boundary  between  tl 
counties  of  McCullocb,  San  Saba,  and  Llano  on  the  rigli 
and  Coleman,  Brown,  Lampasas,  and  Burnet  on  tho  kf 
It  subsequently  intersects  the  counties  of  Travis,  Bastro)i 
Fayette,  Colorado,  and  Wharton,  still  pursuing  a  southeasi 
ward  course,  and  enters  Matagorda  Bay  at  or  near  the  vii 
lage  of  Matagorda.     It  is  the  largest  river  running  throii;- 
the  state,  except  tho  Brazos,  and  is  about  900  miles  lun. 
The  principal  towns  on  its  banks  are  Austin  City,  Bostruj 
and  La  Grange.     Steamboats  can  ascend  it  to  Austin  Citj^ 
nearly  300  miles,  except  in  summer,  when  the  water  is  low! 
Colorado  River,  sometimes  called  Colorado  of  th( 
West,  is  formed  by  two  head-streams,  the  Green  and  Gran 
Rivers,  which  unite  in  Utah  near  lat.  38°  16'  N.  and  Ion 
110°  W.    Both  of  these  rise  in  the  Rocky  Mountains.   Thfl 
Colorado  runs  southwestward  through  the  high,  treelesij 
and  arid  table-land  of  Utah,  in  which  it  receives  no  pormiJ 
nent  tributary  except  the  Rio  San  Juan.     It  crosses  the  SJ 
boundary  of  Utah  into  Arizona,  and  runs  for  300  miles  in 
a  profound  chasm  called  the  Great  Caiion  of  the  ColoradoJ 
one  of  the  most  wonderful  natural  objects  in  North  America] 
It  opens  all  the  series  of  geological  strata  down  to  theirj 
granite  foundation.     "  The   principal   facts,"   says  Dana,| 
"  are  these  :  A  length  of  300  miles,  and  through  the  wholsj 
nearly  vertical  walls  of  rock  3000  to  6000  feet  in  height;! 
these  rocks  limestone  and  other  strata  of  carboniferous  age,! 
others  of  older  palaeozoic,  and  below  these  generally  the 
solid  granite,  making  from  500  to  1000  feet  of  the  gorge." 
These  walls  are  sections  of  nearly  horizontal  strata.    The ' 
plateau  adjacent  to  this  canon  is  said  to  be  6000  to  7000  I 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.     Below  this  caiion  the  river 
runs  southward,   forming  the  bound.ary  between  Arizona  | 
and  California,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of  California  in  Mexico.  { 
Its  length,  exclusive  of  the  branches,  is  estimated  at  1050  { 
miles.'   The  area  drained  by  the  Colorado  was  estimated  by  i 
Guyot  at  257,000  square  miles.     Steamboats  can  ascend  it 
about  500  miles  from  its  mouth.     It  receives  no  large  trib-  i 
utary  from  the  right  or  west  side.     Its  largest  afilueuts  are  | 
the  Rio  Gila  and  the  Colorado  Chiquito.  { 

Colorado  Springs,  a  beautiful  city,  the  capital  of  i 
El  Paso  CO.,  Colorado,  at  the  intersection  of  several  riiilroad  i 
lines,  76  miles  S.  of  Denver,  and  near  the  foot  of  Pike's 
Peak.  It  has  an  elevation  of  6000  feet.  It  is  a  fashionable 
summer  resort,  and  is  surrounded  by  beautiful  scenery. 
The  climate  is  serene,  mild,  and  healthy.  The  city  contains 
2  national  banks,  1  other  bank,  several  hotels,  14  churches, 
the  Colorado  College,  2  daily  and  several  weekly  news- 
paper offices,  public  School  buildings  which  cost  $23j,000, 
2  fine  sanitariums,  a  Catholic  hospital,  and  a  state  school 
for  deaf-mutes.  Here  also  is  the  Childs-Drexel  Printers' 
Home.     Pop.  in  1890,  11,140. 

Colorno,  ko-loR'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  8  miles  N.  of 
Parma,  on  the  river  Parma.     Pop.  3447. 


COL 


931 


COL 


Colossse,  a  ruined  city  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Chonos. 
I  Colosse,  ko-los'  a  post-village  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Llmoo  Creek,  about  27  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Syracuse.     It 

IS  3  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  <fec. 

jcol'quitt,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Georgia,  has 
li  area  of  about  550  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Little 
lid  Ocklockonee  Rivers,  the  former  of  which  is  its  eastern 
tiundary.     The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively 

i'vered  with  forests;  the  soil  is  sandy.  Cotton  and  Indian 
rn  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Moultrie.  Pop.  in 
i70,  1654  ;  in  1880,  2527  ;  in  1890,  4794. 
Colquitt,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Miller  co.,  Ga.,  on 
)ring  Creek,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bainbridge,  and  about 
|i  miles  S.W.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  church  and  several  gen- 
ial stores  and  business  houses.  It  is  surrounded  by  forests 
spine.     Pop.  in  1890,  200. 

jCoIt,  a  post-village  of  St.  Francis  co.,  Ark.,  8  miles  by 
jil  N.  of  Forrest  City.     It  has  2  churches,  a  saw-mill,  a 
'•tton-gin,  and  a  shingle-factory.     Pop.  260. 
iCol'tharp's,  a  post-office  of  Ilouiton  co.,  Tex. 
;Coltoii,  kol'ton,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  San 
,ernardino  co.,  Cal.,  57  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Los  Angeles, 
id  4  miles  S.  of  San  Bernardino.     It  has  3  churches,  a 
link,  a  newspaper  office,  public  schools,  and  manufactures 
j'  marble,  lime,  brick,  Ac.     Pop.  1315. 
j  Coltoii,  a  station  in  Cheyenne  co.,  Neb.,  on  the  Union 
jicifio  Kailroad,  7  miles  E.  of  Sidney. 
;  Coltoii,  a  post  village  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
jacket  River,  in  Colton  township,  about  30  miles  E.S.E. 
■  Ogdensburg,  and  7  miles  S.  by  E.  from  Potsdam.    It  has 
iunion  school,  3  churches,  a  large  tannery,  and  several 
j.w-mills,  for  which  the  river  affords  abundant  water-power. 
Jumbcr  and  leather  are  the  chief  articles  of  export.    Pop. 
l!5 ;  of  the  township,  1834.    The  township  is  about  32  miles 
fng,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests. 
[Colton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  0.,  25  miles  by 
|,il  S.W.  of  Toledo.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 
i  Colt's  Neck,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  in 
-tlantic  township,  5i  miles  N.E.  of  Freehold.     It  has  a 
'lurch. 
»  Colts'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  in  Pitts- 

ield  township,  on  the  North  Adams  Branch  Railroad,  3 
iles  N.E.  of  Pittsfield.  It  has  a  paper-mill. 
Coluguape,  ko-loo-gwi'p4,  a  lake  in  the  interior  of 
[atagonia,  intersected  by  the  47th  parallel  of  S.  latitude  and 
lie  72d  meridian  of  W.  longitude.  It  is  supposed  to  dis- 
I large  its  waters  into  Port  Desire  River. 
.  Columbaria,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Ceiivoli. 
Columbia,  ko-liim'b§-a,  or  Or'egon,  a  large  river 
hich  rises  in  British  Columbia,  on  the  W.  slope  of  the 
[,ocky  Mountains,  near  lat.  50°  N.  and  Ion.  116°  W.  It 
ms  first  northwestward  and  subsequently  southward  to 
he  northern  boundary  of  Washington,  near  which  bound- 
fry  it  receives  a  large  affluent  called  Clarke's  Fork  or 
".iver.  After  it  has  entered  Washington,  it  runs  southwcst- 
!ard,  westward,  and  towards  nearly  every  other  point  of  the 
hmpass.  It  runs  southeastward  to  the  mouth  of  the  Snake 
fr  Lewis  llivcr,  its  largest  affluent.  A  few  miles  below  this 
I  unction  it  strikes  the  northern  boundary  of  Oregon  and 
fbruptly  changes  its  course  towards  the  west.  It  forms  the 
joundary  between  Oregon  and  Washington  for  about  350 
liles,  and  runs  (in  this  part  of  its  course)  generally  west- 
lard,  until  it  enters. the  Pacific  Ocean  at  the  N.W.  extrem- 
(;y  of  Oregon.  The  tide  ascends  it  about  160  miles  to  the 
;  ascados,  a  series  of  rapids  caused  by  the  passage  of  the 

iivcr  through  the  Cascade  Range.  This  is  the  largest  A  nier- 
san  river  that  enters  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Its  length  is 
stimated  at  1400  miles.  Vessels  of  the  largest  size  can 
acend  it  to  Vancouver,  115  miles,  and  steamboats  run  up 
,)  the  Lower  Cascades.  The  Columbia  is  a  rapid  stream, 
j'nd  traverses  a  mountainous  region  which  is  remarkable 
pr  grand  and  picturesque  scenery.  Basalt  and  other  vol- 
anic  rocks  underlie  a  large  part  of  the  valley  of  this  river, 
I  specially  that  part  which  is  in  Washington.  It  enters  the 
fccan  through  an  estuary  which  is  about  35  miles  long  and 
rom  3  to  7  miles  wide.  The  area  drained  by  it  is  estimated 
y  Prof.  Guyot  at  298,000  square  miles.  According  to  J. 
loss  Browne,  it  is  navigable  to  a  point  725  miles  from  its 
louth,  but  the  navigation  is  interrupted  at  several  places. 
This  river  is  divided  into  four  navigable  sections.  The 
■;rst  is  from  its  mouth  to  the  Cascades,  a  distance  of  160 
ailcs.  As  far  up  as  the  mouth  of 'the  AVillamette  it  is  a 
iroad,  deep  river,  navigable  at  all  seasons  by  the  largest 
fessels  that  cross  the  bar  at  its  mouth.  The  obstruction  to 
jiavigation  at  the  Cascades  is  such  as  to  make  a  portage  of  6 
[oiles  necessary.  This  portage  is  now  made  by  means  of  a 
ailroad.     The  second  section  of  the  Columbia  is  from  Cas- 


cades to  Dalles,  a  distance  of  50  miles.  Hero  is  another 
obstruction,  called  the  Great  Dalles  of  the  Columbia,  and  to 
obviate  this  difficulty  a  railroad  14  miles  long  has  been  laid 
to  Celilo.  The  third  navigable  section  reaches  from  Celilc 
to  Priest's  Rapids,  185  miles.  The  fourth  section  extends 
from  Fort  Colville  upward  about  250  miles,  and  is  navi- 
gable by  small  steamboats. 

Columbia,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Arkansas,  has  an 
area  of  about  730  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Dorcheat 
Bayou  and  other  streams.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly 
level ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  It  is  traversed  by  the  St.  Louis,  Ar- 
kansas &  Texas  Railroad,  a  branch  of  which  runs  S.  to 
Magnolia,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,397  ; 
in  1880,  14,090;  in  1890,  19,893. 

Columbia,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Florida,  border- 
ing on  Georgia,  has  an  area  of  about  800  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Suwanee  River,  and  on  the 
S.W.  by  the  Santa  F6  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level ; 
the  soil  is  mostly  sandy.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  has  extensive  pine  forests. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Florida  Central  &  Peninsular,  the 
Georgia  Southern  &  Florida,  and  the  Savnnnah,  Florida  & 
Western  Railroads,  all  of  which  pass  through  Lake  City, 
the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  7335;  in  1880, 
9589;  in  1890,  12,877. 

Columbia,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an 
area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E. 
by  the  Savannah  River,  and  on  the  N.W.  by  Little  River. 
The  surface  is  hilly  or  uneven,  and  is  partly  covered  with 
forests ;  the  soil  is  moderately  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Granite  is  abundant 
here.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Georgia  Railroad. 
Capital,  Appling.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,529;  in  1880,  10,465; 
in  1890,  11,281. 

Columbia,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  New  York,  bor- 
dering on  Massachusetts,  has  an  area  of  about  650  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Hudson  River,  and 
is  drained  by  Claverack,  Kinderhook,  and  Jansen's  Creeks. 
The  surface  of  the  eastern  part  is  hilly,  and  the  W.  part  is 
an  undulating  plateau.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Hay, 
oats,  butter,  potatoes,  rye,  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple 
products.  Among  its  forest  trees  are  the  beech,  hickory, 
chestnut,  oak,  and  elm.  The  thermal  springs  of  New  Leb- 
anon attract  many  visitors.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
the  Hudson  River  Railroad,  the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad, 
and  the  New  York  <fc  Harlem  Railroad.  Among  the  min- 
erals are  blende,  iron,  lead,  barytes,  limestone,  and  slate. 
Capital,  Hudson.  Pop.  in  1870,  47,044;  in  1880,  47,928; 
in  1890,  46,172. 

Columbia,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Oregon,  has 
an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.  and  E.  by  the  Columbia  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by 
the  Nehalem  and  Scappoose  Rivers.  The  surface  is  hilly, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  dense  forests  of  cedar,  fir, 
maple,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile. 
Oats,  wheat,  hay,  potatoes,  Ac,  are  the  staple  products. 
Lumber  and  salmon  are  the  chief  articles  of  export.  Coal 
is  found  here.  Capital,  St.  Helen.  Pop.  in  1870,  863 ;  in 
1880,  2042;  in  1890,  5191. 

Columbia,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, has  an  area  of  about  450  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  North  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  and 
is  also  drained  by  Catawissa  and  Fishing  Creeks.  The  sur- 
face is  diversified  by  high  hills  and  fertile  valleys,  and  is 
partly  covered  with  forests.  Wheat,  oats,  Indian  corn,  and 
hay  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  abundance 
of  anthracite  coal,  limestone,  and  iron  ore,  and  pig-iron  is 
one  of  the  chief  articles  of  export.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Blooinsburg  A  Sullivan,  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  A  AVest- 
ern,  and  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railroads,  which 
communicate  with  Bloomsburg,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
Pop.  in  1870,  28,766;  in  1880,  32,409;  in  1890,  36,832. 

Columbia,  a  county  forming  the  S.E.  extremity  of 
Washington,  borders  on  Oregon.  Area,  864  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  and  E.  by  the  Snake  or  Lewis 
River.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly;  the  soil  is  fertile. 
Grain  and  stock  are  the  chief  articles  of  export.  Capital, 
Dayton.     Pop.  in  1880,  7103;  in  1890,  6709. 

Columbia,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Wis- 
consin, has  an  area  of  769  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Wisconsin  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the  Fox 
River,  which  at  Portage  City  is  about  IJ  miles  from  the 
former.  These  navigable  rivers  have  been  connected  by  a 
canal.  The  surface  is  undulating  and  extensively  covered 
with  forests;  the  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
oats,  hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.     This  county 


COL 


932 


COL 


U  inton'octad  by  tb«  Wisoonsin  Central  Railroad,  and  by 
the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  Su  Puul  Railroad,  several  divi- 
■iona  of  which  diverge  from  PorUgo,  the  capital  of  the 
county,  towarda  Milwaukee,  Madison,  and  other  cities. 
Pop.  in  1880,  28,006;  in  18UU,  28,350. 

Columbia^  a  post--villMge  of  Henry  oo.,  Ala.,  on  the 
ChatUhooohee  River,  61  miles  by  rail  Vv.S.W.  of  Albany, 
Qa.,  and  IV  miles  8.E.  of  Abbeville,  the  capital  of  the 
OouDty.  It  baa  6  churches,  a  bank,  a  newepaper  office, 
and  variety-works.     Pop.  in  1890,  960. 

Columbia,  a  post- village  of  Tuolumne  oo.,  Cal.,  4  miles 
N.  of  Sonor»,  and  about  52  miles  £.  of  Stockton.  It  has  a 
"graded  Fcbool,  3  cburcheti,  and  several  distilleries  of  brandy. 
It  is  also  abuut  22  miles  (direct)  E.  of  Milton,  Calaveras 
eo.,  the  nearest  railroad  station.     Pop.  1125. 

Columbia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tolland  co.,  Conn.,  in 
Columbia  township,  2i  miles  S.  of  Hup  River  Railroad 
Station,  and  6  or  7  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Willimantic.  It 
has  a  church.  The  township  bas  a  saw-mill,  and  manu- 
factures of  baskets,  fertilizers,  and  cotton-warp.  Pop.  in 
1890,  740. 

Columbia,  a  post-ofiice  of  Sussex  co.,  Delaware. 

Columbia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  Fla.,  10 
miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Lake  City.     It  has  a  general  store. 

Columbia,  a  po!t-village  of  Monroe  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Cairo  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of  St.  Loui.>,  Mo., 
and  9  miles  N.  of  Waterloo.  It  has  a  money-order  post- 
office,  5  churches,  a  public  school,  2  cigar- factories,  a 
machine-shop,  and  2  flour-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  1267. 

Columbia,  a  township  of  Dubois  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1622. 
It  contains  Kcllerville  and  Ludlow. 

Columbia,  a.  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Columbia  township,  3  miles  from  Alpine  Railroad  Station, 
and  about  26  miles  S.W.  of  Richmond.  It  bas  a  church. 
The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Whitewater  River. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  6ftS. 

Columbia,  a  township  of  Gibson  co  ,  Ind.  Pop.  2238. 
It  includes  Francisco,  Oakland  City,  and  Dongola. 

Columbia,  a  township  of  Jennings  co.,  Ind.  It  con- 
tains the  village  of  Zenas.     Pop.  1272. 

Columbia,  a  township  of  Martin  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  831. 

Columbia,  Whitley  co.,  Ind.     See  Columbia  Cirr. 

Columbia,  a  post-village  of  Miirion  co.,  Iowa,  about  11 
miles  (direct)  S.  by  W.  of  Knoxville,  the  capital  of  the 
county,  and  40  miles  S.E.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  several 
church  organizations  and  stores.     Pop.  112. 

Columbia,  a  township  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  776. 

Columbia,  a  township  of  Wapello  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
908,  exclusive  of  Eddyville. 

Columbia,  a  township  of  Ellsworth  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
670.     Post-office  and  station,  Black  Wolf. 

Columbia,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Adair  co.,  Ky.,  on 
Russell's  Creek,  40  miles  S.  of  Lebanon,  and  about  76  miles 
6.S.W.  of  Lexington.  It  has  5  churches,  a  high  school, 
a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  506. 

Columbia,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Caldwell  parish, 
La.,  on  the  Ouachita  River,  about  30  miles  S.  of  Monroo. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  newspaper  office.  Cotton  and  other 
products  are  shipped  here  in  steamboats.    Pop.  235. 

Columbia,  a  post-township  of  Washington  co.,  Me., 
about  15  miles  W.  of  Machias,  and  4  miles  N.  of  an  inlet 
of  the  ocean.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  668. 

Columbia,  a  post-office  of  Howard  co.,  Md. 

Columbia,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
1596.  It  contains  Brooklyn,  Jefferson,  and  Kelly's  Corners  j 
also  a  hamlet  called  Columbia,  3  miles  W.  of  Brooklyn. 

Columbia,  a  township  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  538. 

Columbia,  a  township  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.,  trav- 
ersed by  the  Chicago  A  Michigan  Lake  Shore  Railroad 
(Breedsville  Station  and  Post-Office) :  it  has  also  a  station 
(Columbia,  or  Saddle  Lake)  on  the  Kalamazoo  &  South 
Ilavcn  Railroad,  2  miles  E.  of  Grand  Junction,  which  town 
is  partly  in  this  township.     Pop.  1736. 

Columbia,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Marion  co.,  Miss., 
on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Pearl  River,  about  80  miles  S.  by  E. 
from  Jackson.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  66. 

Columbia,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Boone  co..  Mo., 
in  Columbia  township,  about  24  miles  E.  of  Boonville,  30 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Jefferson  City,  and  30  miles  S.W.  of  Mexico. 
It  is  the  south  terminus  of  the  Columbia  Branch  Railroad, 
which  connects  at  Centralia  with  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City 
ft  Northern  Railroad.  It  contains  a  court-house,  2  national 
banks,  2  female  colleges,  7  churches,  and  printing-offices 
which  issue  2  weekly  newspapers.  It  is  the  seatof  the  Uni- 
versity of  Missouri,  which  was  founded  by  the  state  in  1840 
and  has  15  professors,  an  attendance  of  about  350  students, 
ftnd  a  library  of  7000  volumes.  The  citizens  of  Boonville 


contributed  $120,000  to  the  fund  by  which  this  institution 
ia  supported.  It  la  open  to  both  aexes.  Columbia  hiis  ans. 
worka,  flouring-mills,  a  distillery,  and  mimuhu-turea  ol  to- 
baocoand  woollen  goods.  P.  in  1880,  3326;  in  INSH),  4000. 

Col  u  m  biu,  n  post-township  of  Coos  oo.,  N.  11.,  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  the  Connecticut  River.  It  has  5  starch-lko- 
tories,  3  lumber-mills,  nnd  2  churches.    Pop.  762. 

Columbia,  or  Al'ton,a  hnmletof  Morris  co.,N.J.,in 
Chatham  township,  2  miles  N.N.E.  of  Madison.  It  has  a 
church.     The  name  of  the  post-office  is  Afton, 

Columbia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Blairstown  Railroad,  and  on  the  Delaware  River,  opposite 
Portland,  Pa.,  and  3  miles  below  the  Water  Gup.  It  haa  a 
church,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  bridge  over  the  river. 

Columbia,  a  post-township  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y., 
about  18  miles  S.E.  of  Utica,  is  traversed  by  the  railroad 
which  connect*  Utica  with  Richfield  Springs.  Pop.  1690. 
It  contains  Columbia  and  Miller's  Mills. 

Columbia,  a  post-village  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.,  ta 
Columbia  township,  about  7  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Herkimer. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Columbia,  township.  New  Hanover  oo.,  N.C.    P.  1745. 

Columbia,  township,  Randolph  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1264. 

Columbia,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Tyrrel  co.,  N.C, 
is  on  a  small  inlet  or  creek  of  Albemarle  Sound,  about  5 
miles  S.  of  that  sound,  68  miles  S.  of  Norfolk,  Va.,  and  144 
miles  E.  of  Raleigh.  It  is  in  Columbia  township.  It  baa 
a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1206. 

Columbia,  apost-village  of  Ilamilton  co.,  0.,  in  Spencer 
township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  5  miles  above  Cincinnati,  is  a 
suburb  of  that  city.  Here  are  5  churches.  Pop.  1105. 
The  Columbia  post-office  is  a  branch  of  the  Cincinnati  post- 
office.     Columbia  Station  is  on  the  Little  Miami  Railroad. 

Columbia,  a  township  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.  Pop.  3184. 
It  contains  Madison,  Sharpsburg,  Plainville,  Camden  City, 
Norwood,  and  North  Cincinnati. 

Columbia,  Licking  co.,  0.    See  Colombia  Centre. 

Columbia,  a  township  of  Lorain  oo.,  0.  Pop.  892.  It 
contains  Copopa  and  Columbia  Station. 

Columbia,  a  township  of  Meigs  co.,  0.     Pop.  1286. 

Columbia,  a  hamlet  of  Williams  co.,  0.,  12  miles  £.  of 
Angola,  Ind.     It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

Columbia,  a  township  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1521. 
It  contains  Sylvania.     (See  Columbia  Cross  Roads.) 

Columbia,  a  city  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  on  the  E.  bank 
of  the  Susquehanna  River,  here  about  1  mile  wide,  and  on 
the  Columbia  Branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  at  th« 
junction  of  the  York  Branch,  81  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia, 
24  miles  S.E.  of  llarrisburg,  and  12  miles  W.  of  Lanca*tcr. 
It  is  the  southwest  terminus  of  the  Reading  &  Columbia 
Railroad,  and  the  north  terminus  of  the  Columbia  A  Port 
Deposit  Railroad.  A  good  railroad  bridge  across  the  river 
connects  Columbia  with  Wrightsville.  It  contains  a  town 
ball,  13  churches,  3  national  banks,  1  other  bank,  34  ])ublio 
schools,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  4  weekly  news- 
papers. It  is  surrounded  by  varied  and  beautiful  scenery. 
Here  are  several  iron-furnaces,  a  brewery,  3  rolling-mills, 
and  manufactories  of  steam-engines,  railroad-iron,  ma- 
chinery, flour,  lumber,  slate  mantels,  bar-iron,  sash,  doors, 
stoves,  wagons,  laundry-machines,  shirts,  and  hardware. 
Pop.  in  1890,  10,599. 

Columbia,  Venango  co.,  Pa.     See  Columbia  Farm. 

Columbia,  a  village  of  Washington  co..  Pa.,  in  Carroll 
township,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Monongahela  City.  It  has  a  coal- 
mine, a  brick-yard,  and  about  40  houses. 

Columbia,  a  handsome  city,  the  capital  of  South  Caro- 
lina, and  of  Richland  co.,  is  on  the  left  or  E.  bank  of  the 
Congaree  River,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Broad  and  Saluda 
Rivers,  130  miles  by  railroad  N.N.W.  of  Charleston,  and  86 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Augusta,  Ga.  Lat.  33°  57'  30"  N. ;  Ion. 
about  80°  51'  W.  It  is  at  the  head  of  steamboat  naviga- 
tion, is  on  the  Charlotte,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  and 
is  the  southeast  terminus  of  the  Columbia  A  Greenville  Rail- 
road, which  connects  here  with  the  Wilmington,  Columbia 
&  Augusta  Railroad  and  the  South  Carolina  Railroad.  The 
site  is  a  plain,  elevated  100  feet  or  more  above  the  river, 
which  is  here  crossed  by  a  bridge.  The  plan  of  the  city  is 
regular,  and  several  of  the  streets  are  100  feet  wide.  It  con- 
tains a  new  granite  state-house,  which  cost  about  $3,000,000, 
a  new  city  hall,  a  handsome  United  States  court-house,  built 
since  1873,  2  national  and  2  state  banks,  the  Ursuline 
Institute,  an  asylum  for  the  insane,  which  is  under  the 
direction  of  the  state,  and  a  theological  seminary  be- 
longing to  the  Presbyterians.  It  is  also  the  seat  of  the 
South  Carolina  College,  which  was  organized  in  1806 
and  has  a  library  of  27,000  volumes.  Three  daily,  2  tri- 
weekly,  and  4  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here,  also* 


COL 


■933 


COL 


inonthly  religious  paper.  The  Union  army,  under  General 
Sherman,  occupied  this  city  in  February,  1865,  and  a  large 
nortion  of  it  was  then  consumed  by  fire.  Pop.  in  I860,  8052  ; 
in  1870,  9298;  in  1880,  10,036;  in  1890,  15,353. 

Columbia,  a  post-village  of  Brown  co.,  S.D.,  15  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Aberdeen.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  flour-mill,  and  graded  schools.  Pop.  in 
1890,  400;  of  Columbia  township,  636. 

Columbia,  a  city,  capital  of  Maury  co.,  Tenn.,  is  on 
the  Duck  River,  45  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Nashville.  It 
contains  13  churches,  a  court-house,  a  national  bank,  1 
other  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  the  Columbia  Athenajum, 
and  the  Columbia  Female  Institute.  It  has  also  manufac- 
tures of  ploughs,  chairs,  furniture,  and  carriages,  and  4 
large  flouring-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  6370. 

Columbia,  a  post- village  of  Brazoria  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Brazos  River,  o  miles  above  Brazoria,  and  50  miles  by  rail 
S.  by  AV.  from  Houston.  Steamboats  ascend  the  river  to 
this  point.  It  has  4  churches,  and  2  factories  for  canned 
beef.  Cotton,  beef,  and  sugar  are  the  chief  exports.  Pop. 
in  1890,  515. 

Columbia,  a  post-village  of  Fluvanna  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
James  River,  57  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Richmond.  It 
has  3  churches,  and  a  coach-factory.     Pop.  311. 

Columbia,  Ontario.    See  Coventry. 

Columbia  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Licking  co.,  0., 
in  Lima  township,  on  the  Pittsburg  &  Columbus  Railroad, 
14  miles  E.  by  N.  from  Columbus.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  205.     Its  station  is  called  Columbia. 

Columbia  City,  the  capital  of  Whitley  co.,  Ind.,  19 
miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  has  10  churches, 
2  banks,  1  daily  and  3  weekly  newspaper  offices,  2  large 
saw-mills,  2  woollen-mills,  roller-mills,  a  brewery,  a  ma- 
chine-shop, large  public  schools,  and  a  court-house,  and  is 
lighted  by  electricity.     Pop.  in  1890,  3027. 

Columbia  City,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co.,  Ore- 
gon, is  on  the.Columbia  River,  8  miles  above  Kalama,  and 
30  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Portland.  It  is  partly  supported  by 
ship-building  and  the  lumber-business,  and  baa  a  church 
and  a  steam  sa'w-mill. 

Columbia  College.    See  New  York. 

Columbia  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  20  miles  S.  of 
Elmira,  N.Y.     It  has  a  church. 

Columbia, Districtof.    See  Districtof  Columbia. 

Columbia  Falls,  a  post-township  of  Washington  co.. 
Me.,  on  a  navigable  inlet  of  the  sea.  It  has  manufactures 
of  lumber  and  a  ship-yard.     Pop.  608. 

Columbia  Furnace,  a  post-office  of  Shenandoah  co., 
Va.,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Edenburg.     Here  is  an  iron-furnace. 

Columbiana,  ko-lilm-be-an'a,  a  county  in  the  B.  part 
of  Ohio,  bordering  on  Pennsylvania,  has  an  area  of  about 
480  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Ohio 
Kiver,  and  is  drained  by  the  Little  Beaver  River  and  by 
Sandy  and  Yellow  Creeks.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly  and 
partly  undulating  or  level ;  the  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  oats,  wool,  hay,  wheat,  and  butter  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  has  extensive  beds  of  bituminous  coal 
and  limestone,  and  an  abundance  of  timber,  including  the 
ash,  beech,  elm,  sugar-maple,  hickory,  white  oak,  and  tulip- 
tree.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  ifc 
Chicago  Railroad  and  the  Cleveland  &  Pittsburg  Railroad. 
Capital,  New  Lisbon.  Pop.  1870,  38,299  ;  in  1880, 48,602  ; 
in  1890,  59,029. 

,  Columbiana,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Shelby  co,, 
Ala.,  on  the  Selma,  Rome  &  Dalton  Railroad,  72  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Selma,  and  about  70  miles  N.  by  W.  from  Mont- 
gomery. It  has  6  churches,  a  large  academy,  a  newspaper 
ofiBce,  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  654. 

Columbiana,  a  post-village  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.,  in 
Fairfield  township,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wiiyne  &  Chicago 
Railroad,  23  miles  E.  of  Alliance,  and  1 6  miles  S.  of  Youngs- 
town.  It  has  2  banks,  4  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  and 
manufactures  of  pumps,  handles,  carriages,  portable  saw- 
mills, street-rollers,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1112. 

Columbian  Archipelago.    See  West  Indies. 

Columbian  College.    See  Washington,  D.C. 

Colum'bian  Grove,apost-office  of  Lunenburg  co.,Va. 

Colum'bia  Springs,  a  summer  resort  of  Columbia 
CO.,  N.Y.,  4  miles  from  Hudson.  It  has  a  hotel,  several 
cottages,  and  a  mineral  spring,  the  water  of  which  holds  in 
solution  84  grains  of  chloride  of  sodium  and  64  grains  of 
sulphate  of  lime  per  gallon. 

Columbia  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lorain  co.,  0., 
In  Columbia  township,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Cleve- 
land with  Columbus,  19  miles  S.W.  of  Cleveland.  It  has  a 
ttone-quarry. 


Columbia  Sulphur  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Green- 
brier CO.,  W.  Va. 

Columbia  Tillage,  N.Y.    See  Madrid. 

Colum'biaville,  a  post- village  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich., 
on  Flint  River,  and  on  the  Detroit  &  Bay  City  Railroad,  39 
miles  S.E.  of  Bay  City.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  woollen-  and  flour-mills.     Pop.  578. 

Colnmbiaville,  a  village  of  Columbia  co..  N.Y.,  in 
Stockport  township,  1  mile  from  Stockport  Station,  which 
is  4  miles  N.  of  Hudson.     It  has  2  cotton-mills. 

Columbo,  the  capital  of  Ceylon.    See  Colombo. 

Columbretes,  ko-loom-bri't5s,  a  picturesque  group  of 
volcanic  islands  and  rocks  i.n  the  Mediterranean,  otf  the  E. 
coast  of  Spain,  66  miles  N.E.  of  Valencia.  Lat.  of  Mount 
Colibre,  in  the  largest  island,  39°  63'  58"  N.,  Ion.  0°  44' 
27"  E.,  supposed  to  be  the  ancient  Oplnunee. 

Colnm'bus,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  North  Carolina, 
has  an  area  of  about  940  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Waccamaw  River,  and  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by 
the  Lumber  River.  The  surface  is  level,  and  partly  occupied 
by  swamps  and  forests.  The  soil  is  not  very  fertile.  In- 
dian corn,  sweet  potatoes,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Wilmington,  Columbia  & 
Augusta  Railroad.  Capital,  Whiteville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
8474;  in  1880,  14,439;  in  1890,  17.856. 

Columbus,  a  post-village  of  Hempstead  co..  Ark.,  15 
miles  N.  of  Fulton.     It  has  a  church. 

Columbus,  a  village  of  Suwanee  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
Suwanee  River,  about  70  miles  E.  of  Tallahassee. 

Columbus,  a  thriving  city,  capital  of  Muscogee  co., 
Qa.,  is  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Chattahoochee  River,  100 
miles  direct  (or  136  miles  by  the  road)  S.S.W.  of  Atlanta, 
and  100  miles  by  railroad  W.S.W.  of  Macon.  It  is  con- 
nected with  Macon  by  the  Southwestern  Railroad,  and  is 
the  southern  terminus  of  the  North  A  South  Railroad.  The 
Western  (Alabama)  and  Mobile  A  Girard  Railroads  ter- 
minate at  Girard,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river,  which 
is  here  crossed  by  a  bridge.  Columbus  is  at  the  head  of 
navigation,  and  has  a  large  trade  in  cotton,  about  00,000 
bales  of  which  are  annually  received  here.  The  river  at 
this  place  affords  extensive  water-power,  which  is  utilized 
in  the  manufacture  of  cotton  and  woollen  goods,  flour,  Ac. 
The  Eagle  A  Phoenix  Manufacturing  Company  of  this  place 
have  the  largest  cotton-  and  woollen-mills  in  the  South,  em- 
ploy about  900  operatives,  and  manufacture  a  variety  of 
colored  goods,  ginghams,  cottonades,  Ac.  The  Columbus 
Iron-Works  manufacture  engines,  boilers,  steamboats,  saw- 
mills, sugar-mills,  cotton-screws,  Ac.  Columbus  contains  10 
churches,  3  of  which  are  colored,  4  national  banks  and  1 
state  bank,  gas-works,  5  cotton-mills,  a  woollen-mill,  a  man- 
ufactory of  engines  and  boilers,  and  several  iron-foundries 
and  machine-shops.  Two  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.  This  city  has  also  a  high  school,  a 
female  college,  a  male  academy,  4  hotels  and  a  court-house. 
Steamboats  ply  regularly  between  Columbus  and  Apalachi- 
cola.  Many  of  the  residences  in  this  city  and  its  environs 
are  large  and  beautiful  and  are  enclosed  by  grounds  adorned 
with  flowers  and  shrubbery.     Pop.  in  1890,  17,303. 

Columbus,  a  post- village  of  Adams  co.,  III.,  in  Colum- 
bus township,  3i  miles  S.  of  Coatsburg  Railroad  Station, 
and  16  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Quincy.  It  has  2  churches  and  2 
general  stores.     Pop.  of  the  township,  975. 

Columbus,  a  hamlet  of  Pope  co..  III.,  18  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Vienna.     It  has  a  church.     Here  is  Wool  Post -Office. 

Columbus,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Bartholomew  co., 
Ind.,  is  in  Columbus  township,  on  the  East  Branch  of  White 
River,  just  below  the  mouth  of  Flat  Rock  Creek,  41  miles 
S.  by  E.  from  Indianapolis,  45  miles  N.N.W.  of  Madison, 
and  69  miles  N.  of  Louisville,  Ky.  It  is  connected  witii 
these  cities  by  the  Jefferson ville,  Madison  A  Indianapolis 
Railroad,  two  branches  of  which  meet  here.  It  has  a  court- 
house, a  normal  and  a  high  school,  a  national  bank,  1  other 
bank,  9  churches,  3  tanneries,  a  starch-factory,  4  furniture- 
factories,  an  ice-factory,  and  2  agricultural-implement  fac- 
tories. Two  dailv  and  2  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.     Pop.  in  1890,  6719. 

Columbus,  a  post^village,  capital  of  Cherokee  co., 
Kansas,  on  the  Missouri  River,  Fort  Scott  A  (lulf  Railroad 
where  it  crosses  the  Memphis,  Carthage  A  Northwestern 
Railroad,  50  miles  S.  of  Fort  Scott,  and  11  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Baxter  Springs.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  high  school,  a 
banking-house,  a  flouring-mill,  a  pottery,  4  churches,  and  2 
newspaper  offices.     Coal  is  found  here.     Pop.  in  1 890,  2160. 

Columbus,  a  post-village  of  Hickman  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  opposite  Belmont,  Mo.,  12  miles  lielow 
Cairo,  and  40  miles  by  land  (62  miles  by  water)  S.W.  of 
Paducab.     It  is  the  northern  terminus  of  the  Mobile  Si 


COL 


1)34 


COL 


Ohio  Railroad,  which  oonnecta  here  with  the  St.  Louis,  Iron 
Mountain  A  Southern  Railroad.  It  is  chiefly  supported  by 
trade  and  river  navigation.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  n 
newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  furniture,  crockery, 
*4S.     Pop.  1574. 

Columbus,  a  poet-hanilet  of  Sabine  parish.  La.,  on  the 
Babine  River,  has  a  church  and  a  steamboat-landing. 

ColumbuSf  a  post-hnmlet  of  St.  Clair  oo.,  Mich.,  in 
Columbus  township,  on  Belle  Iliver,  and  on  the  Michigan 
Air-Line  Railroad,  3  miles  E.  of  Ilidgeway,  and  40  niileti 
M.N.E.  of  Detroit.  The  township  has  4  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  carriages  and  lumoer. 

Colnmbus,  a  city  of  Missiiisippi,  capital  of  Lowndes 
eo.,  is  on  the  left  or  K.  bank  of  the  Tombigbee  River,  about 
160  miles  N.E.  of  Jnckxun,  and  98  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Me- 
ri<liHn.  It  is  a  terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  Mobile  A  Ohio 
Railroad,  which  connects  with  the  main  line  at  Artosia,  14 
miles  S.W,  of  Columbus.  Steamboats  can  ascend  the  river 
to  this  place,  at  which  large  quantitieif  of  cotton  are  shipped. 
Itcontains  a  court-house,  2  banks.  8  churches,  the  Columbus 
Union  Academy,  the  Franklin  Academy,  the  Mississippi 
Industrial  Institute  and  College  for  white  females,  and 
printing-offices  whicli  issue  a  tri-weekly  and  3  weekly 
newspapers.     Pop.  in  1890,  4559. 

Columbus,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co..  Mo.,  14  miles 
N.AV.  of  Warrensburg,  and  44  miles  E.S.E.  of  Kansas  City. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  a  mineral  spring.     Pop.  168. 

Columbus,  a  post-village,  capital  of  PIntte  co.,  Neb., 
on  the  Loup  Fork,  about  1  mile  N.  of  the  Platte  Iliver,  94 
miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Omaha,  and  74  miles  by  rail 
K.AV.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  a  court-house,  9  churches,  a  high 
school,  and  3  banks.  Four  weekly  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished here.     Pop.  in  1890,  3134. 

Columbus,  a  post-village  of  Esmeralda  oo.,  Nevada, 
(8  miles  S.E.  of  Hawthorne,  and  3  miles  S.  of  Candelaria. 
It  has  a  salt-factory  and  a  quartz-mill.     Pop.  about  2U0. 

Columbus,  a  post-village  of  Burlington  oo.,  N.J.,  in 
Mansfield  township,  on  the  Kinkora  Branch  Railroad,  9 
miles  E.  of  Burlington,  and  12  miles  S.  by  E.  from  Trenton. 
It  has  4  churches  and  a  seminary.    Pop.  in  1880,  547 

Columbus,  or  Columbus  Centre,  a  post-village  of 
Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Columbus  township,  5  miles  from 
New  Berlin  Railroad  Station,  and  about  90  miles  W.  of 
Albany.  It  has  2  or  3  churches.  The  township  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  Unadilla  River,  and  has  5  cheese-fac- 
tories and  creameries  and  5  churches.  Pop.  of  tho  town- 
ship, 1184. 

Columbus,  a  small  post-village,  capital  of  Polk  co., 
N.C.,  in  Columbus  township,  about  75  miles  W.  of  Charlotte. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  744. 

Columbus,  a  city  of  Ohio,  capital  of  the  state,  and 
seat  of  justice  of  Franklin  co.,  is  situated  on  both  sides 
of  the  Scioto  River,  90  miles  from  its  mouth,  116  miles  N.E. 
of  Cincinnati,  115  miles  S.  of  Sandusky  City,  and  350  miles 
from  Washington.  Lat.  39°  57'  N.;  Ion.  82°  59'  W.  It 
was  laid  out  in  1812,  in  the  midst  of  an  unbroken  wilder- 
ness, and  incorporated  in  1816.  The  first  state-house  was 
erected  in  1814,  and  tho  legislature  met  here  for  the  first 
time  in  December,  1816.  The  site  of  Columbus  is  level ;  the 
streets  are  wide  and  laid  out  with  great  neatness  and  uni- 
formity. Broad  street,  120  feet  wide,  extends  from  E.  to 
AV.,  and  is  crossed  by  High  street,  100  feet  wide,  on  which 
tho  principal  business  is  transacted.  At  the  intersection  of 
these  is  a  public  square  of  10  acres,  in  the  centre  of  which 
stands  the  state  capitol,  a  magnificent  limestone  structure, 
304  feet  long  by  184  wide,  and  157  feet  high  to  the  top  of 
the  rotunda ;  the  stone  is  exceedingly  fine,  and  the  build- 
ing, as  a  whole,  a  rare  specimen  of  Doric  architecture;  the 
interior  is  admirably  laid  out  for  the  purposes  of  a  capitol, 
and  elegantly  finished  ;  besides  the  grand  chambers  for  the 
legislature,  there  are  ofiices  for  all  the  state  officers,  and  26 
committee-rooms.  Other  remarkable  edifices  are  the  new 
city  hall,  erected  at  a  cost  of  $200,000,  containing  the  post- 
office,  public  library,  and  city  offices;  the  Central  Ohio  Hos- 
pital for  the  Insane,  with  a  farm  of  300  acres,  completed 
July,  1877,  at  a  cost  of  $1,520,980,  and  capable  of  accommo- 
dating 902  patients  ;  the  Institution  for  the  Blind,  351  feet 
front,  with  right  and  left  wings  of  165  feet  and  centre  wing 
of  300  feet,  erected  at  an  expense  of  about  $500,000,  and 
having  accommodations  for  250  pupils ;  the  Institution  for 
the  Education  of  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  400  feet  long  by  275 
feet  wide,  costing  $650,000,  and  accommodating  500  pupils ; 
the  Asylum  for  Imbecile  Youth,  a  beautiful  structure,  with 
accommodations  for  300  persons,  and  surrounded  by  100 
acres  of  grounds;  a  children's  home,  with  31  acres  of 
grounds,  and  accommodations  for  350  children ;  and  the 
Ohio  Penitentiary,  which  occupies  with  its  buildings  6  acres 


of  grounds,  and  will  aocommodato  2000  prisoners.  Withi, 
the  city  limits  also  is  the  Ohio  State  University,  occupyini 
a  tract  of  320  acres,  with  endowments  and  jiropcrty  value( 
at  over  $1,000,000,  and  near  the  city  is  Capital  Univeriin 
(Lutheran),  also  liberally  endowed.  There  is  also  the  Ohi^ 
Agricultural  and  Mechanical  College,  foun(lc<l  in  1873  ant 
in  a  flourishing  condition.  Tho  state  library  cnn'tnini 
nearly  50,000  volumes.  The  water-works  are  on  an  exten- 
sive scale  and  abundantly  provided  with  machinery. 

Columbus  has  superior  advantages  for  inland  trade  no 
less  than  11  railroads  having  part  in  tho  Union  l)e|K)t.  It 
has  important  manufactures,  the  leading  entahlishroentf 
being  10  machine-shops,  2  rolling-mills,  7  foundries,  8 
planing-raills,  7  tanning-  and  currying-works,  2  mnnufao. 
lories  of  agricultural  implements,  3  of  plougho,  3  of  edge- 
tools,  2  of  files,  besides  numerous  manufactories  of  furni- 
ture,  saddlery  and  harness,  pumps,  cars  and  car-wheels, 
carriages,  soap,  <to.  There  are  4  national  banks,  0  private 
banks,  5  insurance  companies,  and  24  hotels.  Four  daily 
4  tri-weekly,  and  5  weekly  papers,  and  4  monthly  maga- 
zines, are  published  here.  Columbus  has  44  churches,  2 
commercial  schools,  and  a  number  of  private  academies, 
besides  the  public  schools  (including  a  high  school),  which 
accommodate  over  7000  pupils  and  employ  about  150 
teachers.  The  city  is  divided  into  11  wards,  and  is  gov- 
erned by  a  mayor  and  common  council.  Pop.  in  1820, 
1450;  in  1840,  6048;  in  1860,  18,554;  in  1870,  31,274;  in 
1880,  51,647;  in  1890;  88,150. 

Columbus,  a  post-borough  of  Warren  co..  Pa.,  in  Co- 
lumbus township,  on  Broken  Straw  Creek,  and  on  tho  At- 
lantic &  Great  Western  Railroad  and  the  Philadelphia  <t  Erie 
Railroad,  39  miles  E.S.E.  of  Erie,  and  3  miles  N.E.  of  Corry. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  leather,  and 
lumber.     Pop.  466;  of  the  township,  1257. 

Columbus,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Colorado  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  right  or  W.  bank  of  the  Colorado  River  (here  crossed 
by  an  iron  railroad  bridge  and  2  wagon  bridges),  about  5)5 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Austin,  and  on  the  Galveston,  Harrisbiirg  A 
San  Antonio  Railroad,  127  miles  W.N.W.  of  Galveston,  It 
has  a  court-house,  7  churches,  2  banking-houses,  6  hotels,  a 
masonic  hall,  a  newspaper  office,  and  the  Colorado  Insti- 
tute (with  a  brick  building  of  two  stories).  It  is  surrounded 
with  groves  of  live-oak.     Pop.  in  1890,  2199. 

Columbus,  a  post-hamlet  of  Klikitat  co.,  Washington, 
about  12  miles  (direct)  S.W.  of  Goldendale. 

Columbus,  a  city  of  Columbia  eo..  Wis.,  on  the  Craw- 
fish River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <t  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  28  miles  S.E.  of  Portage  City,  19  miles  AV.N,\V. 
of  Watertown,  and  25  miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Madison,  It 
has  a  city  hall,  a  graded  school,  a  national  bank,  1  other 
bank,  10  churches,  a  foundry,  and  manufactures  of  car- 
riages and  wagons.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.     Pop.  in  1880,  1876;  in  1890,  1977. 

Columbus,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  6 
miles  N.  of  Oshaw.^.  It  has  several  churches,  woollen-  and 
grist-mills,  a  potash-factory,  <fec.     Pop.  400. 

Columbus  City,  a  post-village  of  Louisa  co.,  Iowa, 
in  a  township  of  its  own  name,  near  the  confluence  of  the 
Cedar  and  Iowa  Rivers,  1  mile  S.  by  W.  of  Columbus  Juno 
tion,  and  about  32  miles  S.  of  Iowa  City.  It  has  4  churches, 
graded  public  schools,  and  several  general  stores  and  busi- 
ness houses.     Pop.  500. 

Columbus  City,  a  township  of  Louisa  co.,  Iowa,  li 
bounded  on  the  N.E,  by  the  Iowa  River.  It  contains  vil- 
lages named  Columbus  Junction  and  Columbus  City.  Pop., 
exclusive  of  those  villages,  1416. 

Columbus  Factory,  a  station,  3  miles  N.  of  Colum^ 
bus,  Ga.,  on  the  North  <fc  South  Railroad. 

Columbus  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co.,  C, 
in  Pleasant  township,  on  the  Dayton  &  Michigan  Railroad, 
68  miles  S.S.W.  of  Toledo,  and  13  miles  N.  of  Lima.  It  has 
a  newspaper  office,  5  churches,  a  union  school,  a  foundry,  3 
lumber-mills,  3  gas-wells,  a  flour-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  Ao. 
Pop.  in  1880,  1392;  in  1890,  1677. 

Columbus  Junction,  a  post-village  of  Louisa  co, 
Iowa,  in  Columbus  City  township,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the 
Iowa  River,  at  the  crossing  of  two  railroads,  22  miles  S.W. 
of  Muscatine,  and  41  miles  N.  of  Burlington.  It  has  3 
churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  graded  and  a  nor- 
mal school,  and  manufactures  of  brick,  tile,  brooms,  and 
soap.     Pop.  in  1890,  953;  of  the  township,  2595. 

Colum'busville,  a  village  of  Newtown  township, 
Queens  co.,  N.Y,,  adjacent  to  the  larger  village  of  Maspeth. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  oil-cloth,  cordage, 
Ac.  It  is  connected  by  street  railway  with  Brooklyn.  Here 
is  Mt,  Olivet  Cemetery.     Pop.  1251. 

Colu'sa,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  California,  has  aa 


COL 


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irea  of  about  2500  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
»y  the  Sacramento  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Sycamore 
Jreek.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  valleys  and  mountains 
»f  the'Coast  Range,  which  extends  along  the  western  border 
»f  the  county.  The  eastern  part  is  mostly  level  prairie, 
ind  is  deficient  in  timber.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wool,  wheat, 
jarley  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Colusa. 
Pop.  in  1870,  6165;  in  1880,  13,118;  in  1890,  11,640. 
I  Colusa,  an  incorporated  post-town,  capital  of  Colusa 
^.  Cal.,  on  the  AV.  bank  of  the  Sacramento  River,  about 
Bs'miles  by  rail  X.  by  W.  of  Sacramento  City,  and  25  miles 
W.  of  Marysville.  It  has  6  churches,  2  newspaper  offices, 
k  high  school,  a  bank,  a  flouring-mill,  manufactures  of 
igrioultural  implements,  carriages,  &o.  Pop.  in  1890,  1.3.36. 
I  Colusa,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co.,  III.,  on  the  Chi- 
Isa^o  Burlington  <fc  Quincy  Railroad,  18  miles  S.  of  Bur- 
jington,  Iowa.     It  has  a  church. 

I   CoI'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Bourbon  Co.,  Ky.,  6  miles  S.  of 
Cynthiana.     It  has  2  churches. 

r  Colville  Bay,  Prince  Edward  Island.    See  Souris. 
I   CoI'vin  Run,  a  post-office  of  Fairfax  eo.,  Va. 
I   Col'well,  a  station  on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  &  Northern 
Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Howard  City,  Mich. 
!    Col'wich,  a  post-village  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas,  15 
biles  by  rail  N.W.  of  AVichita.     It  has  a  church,  a  bank, 
ji  newspaper  office,  &o.     Pop.  212. 

;    Colyton,  kol'e-ton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Devon, 
25  miles  by  rail  E.  of  E.teter.     Pop.  of  parish,  2479. 
j   Colzean  (kol-yain')  Castle,  the  fine  seat  of  the  Mar- 
quis of  Ailsa,  in  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  on  a  basaltic  cliff  pro- 
jecting into  the  sea,  4  miles  W.  of  Maybole. 
;    Comae,  a  village  of  New  York.     See  Commac. 

Comacchio,  ko-mik'ke-o,  a  fortified  town  of  Italy, 
jprovince  and  28  miles  E.S.E.  of  Ferrara,  in  the  midst  of  the 
Imarshes  termed  Valli  di  Comacchio,  3  miles  from  the  Adri- 
atic. It  has  several  fine  churches,  and  is  a  bishop's  see. 
iPop.  8910,  chiefly  employed  in  the  manufacture  of  salt  and 
^n  fishing  for  eels  in  the  surrounding  lagoons. 

Comader'ry,  a  mountain  of  Ireland,  in  Leinster,  co. 
|0f  Wicklow,  3  miles  AV.  of  Glendalough. 
I  Co'mal',  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Texas,  has 
jan  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Guadalupe  River,  and  is  bounded  on  the  S.AV.  by  the  Rio 
Cibolo.  The  surface  is  hilly;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  In- 
dian corn,  and  cattle  are  the  staples.  Capital,  New  Braun- 
iels.  Pop.  in  1870,  5283;  in  1880,  5546;  in  1890,  6398. 
j  Coman'che,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Kansas,  border- 
^ing  on  the  Indian  Territory.  Area,  1350  square  miles.  It 
is  drained  by  the  Salt  or  Nescutunga  River.  Pop.  in  1880, 
j372;  in  1890.  2549. 

(  Comanche,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Texas, 
[has  an  area  of  about  1050  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  Leon  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Colony  and  Mercer 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  mountainous.  A  range 
|Called  the  Comanche  mountains  extends  along  its  S.W.  bor- 
der. The  soil  is  adapted  to  pasturage,  and  cattle  are  the 
staple  products  of  the  county.  Capital,  Comanche.  Pop. 
,in  1870,  1001;  in  1880,  8608;  in  1890,  15,608. 
;  Comanche,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Comanche  co., 
|Tex.,  Ill  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Fort  Worth.  It  has  7 
, churches,  2  banks,  a  picket-fence  factory,  3  cotton-gins,  a 
flour-mill,  2  newspaper  offices,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1226. 

Comanche  (ko-man'chi)  Indians,  or  Comanches, 
ko-man'chfiz  (Sp.  pron.  ko-min'chfis),  written  also  Ca- 
imanchcs,  k4-min'ch5z,  an  American  Indian  tribe  of 
Mexico  ittid  Texas,  who  roam  along  the  prairie-ground  be- 
ij-ond  the  Pucrcos  and  the  Rio  Grande  del  Norte.  They  are 
extrcSiely  warlike  and  fond  of  plunder.  In  some  respects 
'they  differ  from  the  other  Indian  tribes,  particularly  in  their 
javersion  to  ardent  spirits.  They  are  allied  in  language  to 
jthe  Shoshones. 

I     Comanche  Peak,  Texas,  a  mountain  in  Hood  eo., 
inear  the  Brazos  River,  5  miles  S.  of  Granbury.     It  is  a 
conspicuous  landmark,  visible  at  a  distance  of  100  miles. 
:     Co'raan's  Well,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  Va.,  3 
'  miles  from  Sussex  Court-House.     It  has  a  church. 

Comayagua,  ko-mi-i'gwA,  formerly  Valladolid, 
.vll-yi-do-leed',  a  city  of  Central  America,  capital  of  Hon- 
duras, 170  miles  E.  of  Guatemala,  on  a  river  flowing  to  the 
Pacific.  Pop.  about  10,000.  It  is  a  bishop's  see.  Chief  edi- 
fices, a  cathedral,  a  college,  and  a  richly-endowed  hospital. 
Comba,  kom'bd,  a  small  island  in  the  Malay  Archipel- 
ago.    Lat.  7°  49'  S.;  Ion.  123°  38'  E. 

Com^baco'num,  or  Com^booco'nnm,  a  town  of 
,  India,  district  and  20  miles  E.  of  Tanjore.  Lat.  10°  59'  N. ; 
Ion.  79°  20'  E.  This  city  was  the  ancient  capital  of  the 
Chola  dynasty.     Pop.  50,098,  chiefly  Brahmans. 


Com^bahee' River,  South  Carolina,  rises  in  Barnwell 
CO.,  runs  southeastward,  forms  the  boundary  between  Beau» 
fort  and  Colleton  cos.,  and  enters  the  Atlantic  Ocean  about 
4  miles  S.AV.  of  the  mouth  of  the  Edisto  River.  It  is  nearly 
140  miles  long. 

Combe  (kom)  Mar'tin,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of 
Devon,  on  an  inlet  of  Bristol  Channel,  4i  miles  E.  of  Ilfra- 
combe.     Pop.  of  parish,  1428. 

Com'ber,  or  Cum'ber,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Down,  on  the  AV.  side  of  Lough  Strangford,  at  a  railway 
junction,  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Belfast.     Pop.  2006. 

Com'ber,  a  post-village  in  Essex  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
Canada  Southern  Railroad,  30  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Amherst- 
burg.     It  has  3  or  4  stores,  and  a  good  trade.     Pop.  100. 

Combin,  k6M'b4N°',  Grand  Combin,  grftn"  kbiC- 
bis"',  or  Graffeneire,  grif-fA-ni'e-ri,  a  mountain  of 
Europe,  between  the  canton  of  Valais,  in  Switzerland,  and 
the  valley  of  Aosta,  in  Italy,  one  of  the  Pennine  Alps,  E.  of 
the  Great  St.  Bernard.  It  is  14,163  feet  in  elevation,  and 
9  miles  S.E.  of  Martigny. 

Com'bling  Falls,  a  post-office  and  watering-place  of 
Whitley  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Cumberland  River  (which  here  falls 
about  60  feet),  35  miles  S.S.E.  of  Somerset.  It  has  a  min- 
eral spring. 

Combo,  a  region  of  Africa,     See  Buitish  Combo. 

Combooconum,  a  town  of  India.    See  Combaconum- 

Combourg',  kiM'boon',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ille-et- 
Vilaine,  22  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Saint-Malo.     Pop.  6130. 

Combrailles,  k6M^brii',  an  old  division  of  France,  in 
Bassc-Auvergne,  now  in  the  department  of  Creuse.  Its 
capital  was  Evreux. 

Combronde,  k6M'br6Nd',  a  town  of  France,  in  Pay- 
de-D6me,  15  miles  N.  of  Clermont-Ferrand.     Pop.  2035. 

Combs  Ferry,  a  station  on  the  railroad  from  Lexing 
ton,  Ky.,  to  Mt.  Sterling,  11  miles  from  Lexington. 

Cosibultiera,  an  ancient  name  for  Dragoni. 

Combnsta,  the  ancient  name  of  Jebel-Tar. 

Com'ercol'ly,  or  Kumarkhali,  koo^mar-ki'lee,  a 
town  of  Bengal,  Nuddea  district,  100  miles  by  rail  N.N.E. 
of  Calcutta,  and  on  the  navigable  river  Garai.     Pop.  6151. 

Comersee  (Lake  of  Como).     See  Lago  di  Como. 

Com'er's  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grayson  co.,  Va.,  14 
miles  N.AV.  of  Independence.     It  has  4  general  stores. 

Com'et,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  co.,  Kansas,  12  miles 
S.W.  of  Hiawatha.     It  has  a  general  store,  Ac. 

Cometa,  a  town  of  Brazil.     See  V190SA. 

Cometts'bnrg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  18 
miles  S.AV.  of  Beaver. 

Com'fort,  a  post-office  of  Jones  co.,  N.C. 

Comfort,  a  post-village  of  Kendall  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Guadalupe  River,  50  miles  N.AV.  of  San  Antonio.  It  has  a 
tannery,  3  stores,  a  saw-mill,  Ac. 

Comfrey,  kilm'fre,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co.,  Minn. 

Comil'lah,  or  Knmilla,  a  town  of  Bengal,  capital 
of  the  Tiperah  district,  on  the  Goomtee,  50  miles  S.E.  of 
Dacca.  It  is  diked  to  prevent  inundation,  has  excellent 
and  well-shaded  streets,  and  a  fine  climate.     Pop.  12,948. 

Comines,  ko'meen',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flan- 
ders, at  a  railway  junction,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Ypres,  on  the 
Lys,  opposite  the  French  town  of  the  same  name.  Pop. 
3480.  It  has  celebrated  manufactures  of  ribbons,  thread, 
handkerchiefs,  and  tobacco. 

Comines,  ko'meen',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Nord,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Lys,  opposite  the  above 
town,  and  10  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Lille.  Pop.  4111.  It  has 
manufactures  of  ribbons,  thread,  leather,  Ac.  It  is  the 
birthplace  of  Philippe  de  Comines. 

Comino,  kom-ee'no,  or  Cumino,  koo-mee'no,  a 
British  island  in  the  Mediterranean,  between  Malta  and 
Gozo.     It  is  less  than  2  miles  in  length. 

Cominotto,  kom^ee-not'to,  an  islet  immediately  AV.  of 
Comino. 

Comi'ott  Landing,  Bertie  co.,  N.C,  is  on  the  Roan- 
oke River,  9  miles  from  Windsor. 

Comisa,  ko-mee'si,,  a  town  of  Dalmatia,  on  the  W. 
coast  of  the  island  of  Lissa.     Pop.  2945. 

Comiso,  kom'ee-so,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  of  Syra- 
cuse, 13  miles  W.  of  Ragusa.     Pop.  16,654. 

Comitan,  ko-me-t3,n',  or  Comitlan,  ko-meet-l&n'» 
called  also  Santo  Domingo  de  Comitan,  sin'to  do- 
meeng'go  di'  ko-mee-tin',  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Chiapa, 
on  the  Grijalva,  40  miles  S.E.  of  San  Cristoval.  It  has  a 
superb  church  and  a  large  convent,  and  is  a  place  of  con- 
siderable contraband  trade. 

Comite,  ko-meet',  a  small  river  of  Louisiana,  rises  in 
East  Feliciana  parish,  and,  flowing  southward,  enters  the 
Amite  about  16  miles  E.  of  Baton  Rouge. 


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ConitI,  ko-mee'tM,  or  Comitinit  ko-me-tee'ne«,  a 
towB  of  Sicily,  province  and  36  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Girgenti. 
H«r«  ars  rich  lulphur-mines.     Pop.  1853. 

Comitlan,  a  town  of  Mexico.    See  Comitait. 

ConiMy,  a  j)o?t-hBinlot  of  Montour  co.,  Pa.,  about  12 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Danville. 

Com'mac,  or  Com'aCf  a  port-village  of  Suffolk  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Huntington  township,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Northport 
Station,  and  about  37  miles  £.  of  Brooklyn.  It  has  2 
ohurchoji.     Pop.  250. 

Commcn'da,  a  British  fort  of  West  Africa,  Gold  Coast, 
15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cape  Coast  Castle,  having  near  it  a  town 
with  3UU0  inhabitants. 

Commcntry,  kom'ra6>-»Hree',  a  village  of  Franco,  in 
Allier,  on  the  (Eil,  9  milos  by  roil  S.E.  of  Montlu9on.  It 
gives  its  name  to  a  coal-fiold  which  occupies  a  considerable 
area  and  is  extensively  worked.     Pop.  9978. 

Comnicragh  (koui^e-r&ii')  Mountains,  a  mountain- 
range  of  Ireland,  co.  of  AVatorford,  rising  on  the  S.  side  of 
the  Suir,  somewhat  abruptly  from  the  water's  edge,  to  an 
average  height  of  1760  feet  above  sea-level. 

Com'merce,  a  post-hamlet  of  Conecuh  co.,  Ala.,  about 
56  miles  S.  of  Selma. 

Cunimerce,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa,  10  miles 
by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  a  church,  a  flonr- 
mill,  Ac.     Pop.  100. 

Commerce,  a  post-villnge  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Commerce  township,  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Pontioc,  and  about 
30  miles  N.W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  carriage-factory.  The  township  contains  numerous 
small  lakes,  in  which  fish  abound.  Pop.  about  300;  of  the 
township,  1276. 

Commerce,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tunica  co.,  Miss.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  21  miles  W,  of  Hernando.  Uere  are  3 
stores  and  a  steamboat-landing. 

Commerce,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co.,  Mo.,  in  Com- 
merce township,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  30  miles 
above  Cairo,  and  125  miles  by  land  S.S.E.  of  St.  Louis.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of 
flour,  pottery,  wagons,  <to.  Pop.  about  1000 ;  of  the  town- 
ship, 1677. 

Commerce,  a  hamlet  of  Wilson  co.,  Tenn.,  13  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Lebanon.  It  has  a  church,  an  institute  or  sem- 
inary, a  flour-mill,  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  about  100. 

Commerce,  a  hamlet  of  Hunt  co.,  Te.\.,  30  miles  from 
Bonbam.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  3  stores. 

Commer'cial  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alexander  co., 
111..  12  miles  N.W.  of  Cairo. 

Commer'cial  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pickaway  co., 
0.,  about  14  miles  S.  of  Columbus.  It  has  2  churches  and 
several  stores.     Pop.  154. 

Com  mercy,  korn'mfin^see',  a  town  of  Prance,  in  Mouse, 
25  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Bar-le-Duc,  on  the  Meuse.    Pop.  4960. 

Commewyne,  or  Commewyna,  kom-m^h-wi'na,  a 
river  of  Dutch  Guiana,  rising  in  the  E.  part  of  the  colony, 
is  joined  by  the  Cottica,  after  which  it  forms  a  wide  and 
majestic  stream  and  falls  into  the  estuary  of  the  Surinam. 
Length,  about  100  miles. 

Commilla,  a  town  of  India.     See  Comillah. 

Commincs,  towns  of  France  and  Belgium.    See  Co- 

UIXKS. 

Commis'key,  a  post-village  of  Jennings  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Louisville  Branch  of  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  45 
miles  N.  of  Louisville,  Ky.,  and  10  miles  S.  of  North  Ver- 
non. It  has  a  church,  a  lumber-mill,  and  quarries  of  fine 
blue  limestone. 

Commissioner's  (kom-mish'^n-^rz)  Creek,  Geor- 
gia, runs  southeastward  through  Wilkinson  co.,  and  enters 
the  Oconee  River  about  1  mile  below  the  point  where  the 
Georgia  Central  Railroad  crosses  that  river. 

Com'mons  Vil'lage,  a  hamlet  of  Little  Compton 
township,  Newport  co.,  R.I.     Pop.  75. 

Com'monsviile,  a  hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
a  branch  of  the  Erie  Canal,  1  mile  from  Dansville.  It  is 
adjacent  to  Woodville.  It  has  a  foundry  and  a  manufac- 
tory of  reapers. 

Commn'nia,  a  post-office  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa. 

Commu'nipaw,  a  station  within  the  limits  of  Jersey 
City,  N.J.,  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  2  miles 
from  New  York. 

Como,  a  lake  of  Italy.    See  Laoo  di  Coho. 

Co'mo  (anc  Co'mum),  an  episcopal  city  of  Italy,  in 
Lombardy,  capital  of  a  province  of  its  own  name,  at  the 
S.  extremity  of  the  Lago  di  Como,  in  a  delightful  valley 
enclosed  by  hills  covered  with  gardens  and  with  olive- 
and  chestnut-groves,  23  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Milan.  Pop. 
24,350.     It  has  a  public  library,  a  botanic  garden,  3  gym- 


nasia, and  a  museum  of  antiauities.  Chief  odlflcet,  \\ 
cathedral,  commenced  in  1396,  Duilt  entirely  of  marblomi 
decorated  with  numerous  works  of  art,  and  an  ancient  timi 
hall,  also  of  marble.  Manufactures  comprise  woollens,  tilk 
cotton,  and  soap.  Como  was  a  place  of  inijiurtanee  undt 
the  Romans,  having  been  rendered  so  by  a  colony  of  Greek 
sent  there  by  Julius  CaDsar,  when  it  obtained  the  name  o 
No'vum  Co'mum, 

Como,  a  fertile  province  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  bounile] 
N.  by  Switzerland.  Area,  1049  square  miles.  It  !«  in  ibl 
beautiful  lake-region  of  Northern  Italy,  and  produce*  iiuii|| 
wine  and  silk.     Capital,  Como.     Pop.  477,042. 

Co'mo,  a  post-office  of  Dallas  co,,  Ark. 

Como,  a  post-village  of  Whiteside  co.,  III.,  on  Ho,! 
River,  1  mile  from  Gall  Station  of  the  Chicago  A,  North 
western  Railroad,  and  4  miles  W.  of  Sterling.  It  hu  i 
church,  a  graded  school,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  300, 

Como,  a  j)08t-office  of  Crawford  co.,  Iowa, 

Como,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Tenn.,  about  IK 
miles  W.  of  Nashville.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Como,  a  station  in  Carbon  co.,  Wyoming,  on  the  lini 
Pacific  Railroad,  65  miles  N.W.  of  Laramie. 

Como,  a  post-village  in  Vaudreuil  co.,  Quebec,  on  ih 
S.  shore  of  the  Lake  of  Two  Mountains,  37  miles  \V.  ofi 
Montreal.      It  is  a  landing-place  of   the  Ottawa  Rirci' 
steamers.     Pop.  200. 

Como  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Panola  co..  Mist.,  ou| 
the  Mississippi  &  Tennessee  Railroad,  44  miles  S.  of  Mem4 
phis.     It  bas  2  churches,  a  free  school,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Como'do,an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  between 
Sumbawaand  Flores.  Lat.  8°  30' S.;  Ion.  120°  E.  Length, 
about  35  miles. 

Comoe,  ko-m5',  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Boossa,  on  tha 
Niger.     Lat.  9°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  6°  7'  E. 

Comora,  a  town  of  Portugal.    See  Zamora. 

Co'morn  {Qer.Ko'mom ;  Hun.  A'onidrowi,  ko'mi'rom'), 
a  town  of  Hungary,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Waag  with  tbt 
Danube,  48  miles  W.N.W.  of  Pesth.  It  is  on  the  island 
called  Great  Schiitt,  at  its  eastern  or  lower  extremity,  lu 
railway  station  is  at  Neu-Szony,  across  the  Danube.  Its 
streets  are  narrow  and  irregular.  It  contains  4  Romnn 
Catholic  churches,  a  Greek  church,  2  Protestant  places  of 
worship,  and  a  synagogue.  The  other  public  buildingg  are 
a  town  hall,  a  council-house,  some  large  warchouaea,  3 
theatres,  a  gymnasium,  and  a  hospital.  Its  fortress,  tha 
ramparts  of  which  extend  along  the  margin  of  the  Danub* 
to  the  end  of  the  promontory  at  which  the  Waag  joins  it, 
is  considered  one  of  the  strongest  in  Europe.  It  was  long 
unsuccessfully  besieged  by  the  Austrians  in  1848-9.  The 
Danube  is  here  crossed  by  a  flying  bridge  and  a  bridge  of 
boats.  Comorn  has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths,  tanneries, 
&c. ;  also  a  trade  in  wine,  timber,  fish,  grain,  honey,  &e.  In 
the  vicinity  excellent  coal  is  obtained.     Pop.  12,256. 

Co'morn,  a  post-hamlet  of  King  George  co.,  Va.,  19 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Fredericksburg.     It  has  2  stores. 

Comoro  (kom'o-ro)  Isles,  a  group  of  volcanic  iakndi 
in  the  Mozambique  Channel,  350  miles  from  the  N.W.  cosrt 
of  Madagascar,  and  200  miles  from  the  E.  coast  of  Africt, 
between  lat.  11°  and  13°  S.  and  Ion.  43°  and  45°  30'  E. 
Pop.  estimated  at  70,000,  comprising  Arabs,  negroes,  and 
Malagassies.  The  professed  religion  is  Mohammedaniam. 
The  group  consists  of  the  islands  Angoziya,  or  Great  Comoro, 
Johanna,  Mayotte,  and  Mohilla,  with  many  islets.  The 
islands  are  mountainous,  and  fertile  in  tropical  productions. 
The  meadows  maintain  great  herds  of  cattle,  and  the  riven 
abound  in  flsh.  The  Arabs  manufacture  coarse  cloths, 
jewelry,  and  small-arms.  The  commerce  was  formerly  im- 
portant, and  extended  to  India.  Chief  exports,  cocoannt 
oil  and  tortoise-shell.  The  Comoros  are  governed  by  sul- 
tans, one  of  whom  resides  in  nearly  every  town.  Mayottt|( 
with  several  small  islands,  belongs  to  France. 

Co'mox',  formerly  written  Komooks',  a  post-villag* 
on  Vancouver  Island,  British  Columbia,  at  the  mouth  of  a 
river  of  the  same  name  (sometimes  called  the  Courtentf 
River),  129  miles  N.W.  of  Victoria.  It  has  a  fine  harbor 
and  mines  of  good  lignitic  coal.     Pop.  102. 

Com'pany  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Guilford  co.,  N.C. 

Company  Shops,  a  post-village  of  Alamance  co., 
N.C,  on  the  North  Carolina  Railroad,  21  miles  E.  of  Greens- 
borough.  It  has  a  church,  a  tobacco-factory,  a  college,  and 
a  money-order  post-office. 

Compassville,  kum'pas-vll,  a  hamlet  of  Chester  co. 
Pa.,  in  West  Gain  township,  5  miles  N.  of  Parkesburg.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Compensa'tion,  a  post-hamlet  of  Claiborne  co.,  Tenn., 
16  miles  W.  of  Tazewell,  near  Powell's  River.  It  baa  a 
church. 


COM 


937 


CON 


Jompeta,  kom-pi't&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
JniilcsN.E.  of  Malaga.     Pop.  2991. 

I/Ompetine,  kom'pe-tin,  a  post-township  and  hamlet 
olVapollo  CO.,  lowii,  about  14  miles  N.E.  of  Ottumwa.  It 
hi  a  church.     Pop.  929. 

.Jompctition,  kom-pe-tish'un,  a  post-hamlet  of  La- 
dle CO.,  Mo.,  1  mile  from  the  Gasconade  River,  and  24 
EI8S  S.B.  of  Lebanon. 

I^ompiano,  kom-pe-il'no  (anc.  Complanum?),  a  town 
0  Italy,  .35  miles  S.W.  of  Parma,  on  the  Taro.  It  is  sur- 
rindbd  by  walls  entered  by  3  gates  and  commanded  by  a 
c|,le.    It  has  iron-works.    JPop.  4706. 

Ijompidgne,  koM*p?-aiii'  (L.  Compen'dium),  a  town  of 
It  nee  department  of  Oise,  on  the  Oise,  and  on  the  rail- 
vjrfrom  Paris  to  Saint-Quentin,  52  miles  N.E.  of  Paris. 
I'll.  12  923.  It  has  a  tribunal  of  commerce,  a  communal 
c  cge,  a  public  library,  a  theatre,  manufactures  of  muslins, 
hicry,  and  cordage,  and  commerce  in  wood  and  grain. 
(:ef  edifices,  the  church  of  the  ancient  Abbey  of  St.  Cor- 
lille  (the  burial-place  of  many  of  the  early  kings  of 
l!,nce),  the  Hotel  do  Ville,  and  the  Pont  Neuf.  It  has  a 
s'lndid  palace,  one  of  the  finest  in  France,  surrounded  by 
s  oious  parks  and  a  forest  of  30,000  acres. 

\!ompostela,  Spain.     See  Santiago  de  Compostela. 

Compostchi,  kom-pos-ti'li,  or  Com^postel'la,  a 
t'  n  of  Mexico,  formerly  capital  of  the  state  of  Jalisco, 
1;  miles  W.  of  Guadalajara.  It  has  silver-mines,  but  is 
lirly  deserted  on  account  of  its  unhealthy  climate. 
Oompreignac,  k^M'prin^yik',  a  village  of  France, 
iillaute-Vienne,  12  miles  N.  of  Limoges.  Pop.  2401. 
I^om'promise,  a  post-township  of  Champaign  co.,  111. 
]|).707. 

L'ompsa,  an  ancient  name  for  Coxza. 
^yOmp'stall,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Chester,  5 
I'es  E.  of  Stockport.     It  has  manufactures  of  cotton. 
^lomptat-Venaissin.    See  Comtat-Venaissi.v. 
i!;onipte    d'Avignon,    k6N°Hi'     diVeen^yix"',    or 
<  mptat  d'Avignon,  k6N»'t4'  diVeen'yiN"',  an  old 
iiision   of  France,  which,  with   the   Comtat-Vexaissin, 
iins  nearly  the  whole  of  the  department  of  Vaucluse.     It 
'!)  held  by  the  popes  from  1228  to  1791,  when  it  was 
ijted  to  France  by  a  decree  of  the  National  Assembly. 
pomp'ton,  a  post-village  of  Los  Angeles  co.,  Cal.,  on  a 
linch  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of  Los 
.Igeles,  and  10  miles  N.  of  Wilmington.    It  has  3  churches, 
liewspaper  office,  and  artesian  wells.     Pop.  636. 
Il^ompton,  a  post- village  of  Lee  co.,  111.,  in  Brooklyn 

0  nship,  on  the  Chicago  &  Rock  River  Railroad,  13  miles 
!jof  Amboy,  and  44  miles  AV.  of  Aurora.  It  has  a  steam 
liiring-mill,an  elevator,  aplaning-mill,  and  several  stores. 
Comp'ton,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Quebec,  bor- 
11  ing  on  the  states  of  Maine  and  New  Hampshire.  It  is 
I,  versed  by  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  and  by  the  Eaton 
uer.    It  is  rich  in  mineral  and  agricultural  wealth.    Area, 

10  square  miles.  Capital,  Cookshire.  Pop.  13,665. 
jZlompton,  a  post-village  in  Compton  co.,  Quebec,  on 
';  Coaticook  River,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  114i 
.es  E.S.E.  of  Montreal,  and  11  miles  S.S.E.  of  Sherbrooke. 
mas  3  churches,  2  hotels,  7  stores,  a  ladies'  college,  and  a 
.;h  school.    Pop.  500. 

;Com'rade  Bayon,  bl'oo,  Louisiana,  rises  in  Vernon 
!'ish,  runs  southeastward,  and  enters  the  Calcasieu  River 

the  W.  part  of  Rapides  parish. 

Domrie,  kiim'r?,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Perth,  on 
=  1  Earn  and  Lednock,  5  miles  W.  of  Crieff.  Its  industries 
f  I  distilling  and  woollen-  and  cotton-weaving.  Among  its 
f;iquities  are  remnants  of  several  Druidic  buildings  and 
fa,  Roman  camp.  Earthquake-shocks  are  here  remarkably 
•  qucnt.     Pop.  1166. 

'Dom'stock,  a  hamlet  of  Wapello  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
is  Moines  River,  and  on  the  Keokuk  &  Des  Moines  Rail- 
fid,  about  10  miles  N.W.  of  Ottumwa. 
IComstOck,  a  post-village  of  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.,  in 
'mstock  township,  on  the  Kalamazoo  River  and  the  Michi- 
\  n  Central  Railroad,  3  miles  E.  of  the  city  of  Kalamazoo. 
:  has  2  churches,  2  flouring-mills,  a  foundry,  and  a  ma- 
!ine-shop.  Pop.  about  200 ;  of  the  township,  1974. 
'Comstock,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Douglas  co., 
|egon,  on  the  Oregon  A  California  Railroad,  32  miles  S. 
'  Eugene  City.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Comstock''s,  a  station  in  Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
j  bany  ,t  Susquehanna  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  the  Penn- 

Ivania  line. 

Comstock's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y., 

1  Fort  Ann  township,  on  the  Champlain  Canal  and  the 
imsselaer  <fc  Saratoga  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Whitehall. 

boB  a  church  and  20  dwellings. 
CO 


Comtat'Yenaissin,   or   Comptat-Venaissih, 

kinoHi'-v^h^nis'siN"'  (L.  Comita'tus  Vindisci'mis),  a  small 
province  of  France,  formerly  dependent  on  Provence,  and 
now  included  in  the  department  of  Vaucluse.  See  Comi>tk 
d'Avignon. 

Comum,  the  ancient  name  of  Cosio. 

Conac,  ko^nik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Charente-Inferi- 
eure,  14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Jonzac.     Pop.  300. 

Conacnm,  the  Latin  name  of  Cognac. 

Co'nan,  or  Co'non,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Koss, 
enters  Cromarty  Firth  near  Dingwall.     Length,  35  miles. 

Conan  Bridge,  a  village  of  Scotland,  on  the  banks 
of  the  above  river,  2i  miles  S.  of  Dingwall.     Pop.  343. 

Co'naut,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  CO.,  111.,  5  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Pinckneyvillo. 

Conasau'ga,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  Tenn.,  14  miles 
S.E.  of  Cleveland. 

Conasauga  River,  Georgia.  See  Connasauga  River. 

Con'away,  a  post-village  of  Tyler  eo.,  W.  Va.,  7  miles 
N.E.  of  Middlebourne.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  200. 

Concan,  kon'kan,  or  The  Concan,  a  region  of 
India,  bounded  W.  by  the  Indian  Ocean,  E.  by  the  moun- 
tains called  AVestern  Ghauts,  and  N.  and  S.  respectively  by 
the  Portuguese  colonies  of  Daman  and  Goa.  It  is  now 
divided  into  the  British  districts  of  Tannah  and  Rutna- 
gherry.     It  is  remarkable  for  its  enormous  rainfall. 

Concarneau,  k6x»^kaR'no',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Finistere,  on  an  island  in  the  bay  De-la-Foret,  Atlantic 
Ocean,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Quimper.  The  population  (4357) 
is  chiefly  engaged  in  taking  and  curing  pilchards.  The 
town  is  defended  by  a  fort  and  surrounded  by  ancient  walls. 

Concci^Ao,  Sao  Paulo,  Brazil.    See  Itaniiaen. 

Concei9&o,  kon-si-s5wNo'  or  kon-si-sS.'6N»,  a  village 
of  Brazil,  in  Alagoas,  on  the  Curaripe,  4  miles  from  the  sea, 
near  Poxim. 

Concei^fto,  a  city  of  Brazil,  on  the  Palma,  340  mile& 
N.N.E.  of  Goyaz.    Lat.  12°  S. ;  Ion.  48°  5'  W. 

Concei^fto-da-Serra,  kon-sA-sowN«'-di-s6R'R&,  a 
town  of  Brazil,  in  Espirito  Santo,  N.N.AV.  of  Victoria. 
Pop.  1500. 

Concei9&o-de»Liagoa,  kon-sA-sowNo'-di.-li-go'l,  a 
town  of  Brazil,  in  the  island  of  Santa  Catharina,  E.  of  Des- 
terro.     Pop.  3000. 

Concei9ao-de-Noguega,  kon-si-sowN"'-dd,-no-gi'- 
gk,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  Minas-Geraei,  85  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Ouro  Preto.     Pop.  1200. 

Concei^ao-d'ltamarca,  kon-fA-sSwNo'-de-td-maR'- 
k!l,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  of  Pernarabuco,  16  miles  N. 
of  Olinda,  and  capital  of  the  district  of  the  island  of  Ita- 
marca,  on  its  AV.  coast.  The  population  of  the  district  is  esti- 
mated at  12,000.  This  town  has  long  been  in  a  state  of  decoy. 

Concci^fto-do-Serro,  kon-si-sowNx'-do-sfiB'Ro,  a 
town  of  Brazil,  in  Minas-Geraes,  N.N.AV.  of  Ouro  Preto. 
Pop.  of  district,  8000,  employed  in  gold-mines. 

Concentaina,  or  Concentayna,  a  town  of  Spain 

See  COCENTAYNA. 

Concepcion,  or  Concepcion-del-Arroyo-de« 

]a>China,  kon-sfip-se-on'-dfiI-aR-Ro'yo-di-li-chce'n&,  a 
town  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  province  of  Entre  Rios, 
about  160  miles  N.  of  Buenos  Ay  res.  It  has  a  college,  with 
good  buildings,  and  is  a  handsome  town.     Pop.  6513. 

Concepcion,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  department  of  Tarija, 
240  miles  S.E.  of  Chuquisaca,  in  a  fertile  country,  pro- 
ducing wine.     Pop.  2000. 

Concepcion,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  department  of  Santa 
Cruz,  145  miles  N.E.  of  Santa  Cruz  de  la  Sierra,  in  an  ele- 
vated district,  containing  mines.     Pop.  2200. 

Concepcion,  kon-sfip-se-on',  Concepcion>la- 
Nueva,  kon-s{p-se-on'-li-nw4'vA,  Concepcion-de- 
Mocha,  kon-sdp-se-on'-di-mo'chA,  or  Conccpcion- 
de-Penco,  kon-sflp-se-on'-di-p^n'ko,  a  port  of  Chili, 
capital  of  a  province  of  its  own  name,  270  miles  S.S.AV. 
of  Siintiago  de  Chili,  on  the  river  Biobio,  and  7i  miles 
from  its  mouth.  Lat.  36°  49'  30"  S. ;  Ion.  73°  5'  30"  W. 
It  is  the  seat  of  a  bishop  and  of  a  military  commandant, 
and  contains  a  college,  a  cathedral,  large  flour-mills,  and  a 
seminary.  It  is  a  well-built  town,  connected  by  rail  with 
Tome  and  Talcaguana.  The  port  at  Talcaguana,  on  the  Bay 
of  Concepcion,  8  miles  distant,  is  one  of  the  best  in  Chili. 
There  is  a  trade  in  grain,  hides,  wine,  flour,  tallow,  and  beef; 
and  in  the  vicinity  is  a  coal-mine.  It  has  been  several 
times  overthrown  by  earthquakes.     Pop.  in  1889,  40,302. 

Concepcion,  kon-sdp-se-on',  a  province  of  Chili,  hav- 
ing Nuble  on  the  N.  and  Biobio,  with  Angol,  on  the  S. 
Area,  3563  square  miles.  It  contains  great  fertile  plains, 
and  has  mines  of  coal.    Capital,  Concepcion.    Pop.  204,645. 

ConcepcioU)  kon-sdp-se-Gn',  or  Conception,  kou- 


cox 


*988 


KJON 


•Ip'ahan,  an  itUnd  and  headland  of  the  republic  of  Co- 
lombia, and  on  tbe  N.  side  of  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  78 
Biles  E.  of  Puerto  B«llo. 

CoaeepcioDf  a  town  in  the  republio  of  Colombia,  on 
the  Caribbean  Sea,  on  tbe  frontier  of  Costa  Rica,  7U  miles 
MT.S.W.  of  Chagrei,  and  near  the  mouth  of  a  small  stream 
of  Iti  own  name. 

Concepcion,  or  Villa  Real  de  la  Conccpcion, 
Teery&  r&-&l'  d&  1&  kon-sAp-so-On',  a  town  of  Paraguay, 
eapUul  of  a  department  of  its  own  name,  on  the  Paraguay, 
136  miles  N.N.E.  of  Assumption.     Pop.  180U. 

ConccpciODf  kon-sep'sQ-on,  a  post-village  of  Duval 
eo.,  Tex.,  150  miles  S.W.  of  Cuoro.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
bank,  and  manufactures  of  saddles  and  wagons. 

Conccpcion  Bay,  Chili,  is  an  inlet  of  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  8  miles  N.  of  the  town  of  Concepcion.  It  is  about 
6  miles  across,  and  has  an  entrance  on  cither  side  of  the 
island  of  Quiriquino.  It  receives  the  Biobio  Kiver,  and 
affords  good  anchorage.  Tome  and  Talcaguana  are  on  its 
shores. 

Concepcion-del-Pao,  kon-8£p-so-Cn'.d41-pl'o,  a 
town  of  Venezuela,  110  miles  S.  of  Barcelona. 

Concepcion-la-Nueva,  Conccpcion-de-Mo- 
cha^  or  Concepcion-de-Penco.    See  Coxcepcion. 

Concep'tion^orLa  Conccpcion,  l&kon-sep-se-On', 
an  island  of  tbe  Bahamas,  25  miles  S.E.  of  San  Salvador. 

Conception,  a  town  of  Chili.    Sec  Concepcion. 

Conception,  kon-sep'sh&n,  a  post- village  of  Nodaway 
eo..  Mo.,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Maryville,  is  the  scat  of  a  Bene- 
dictine monastery,  and  of  a  convent  of  Ladies  of  the  Per- 
petual Adoration.     It  has  a  church. 

Conception  Bay,  an  inlet  of  Newfoundland,  on  its 
eastern  coast,  N.W.  of  St.  John's;  lat.  48°  N.,  Ion.  53°  W. 
It  has  several  ports,  the  principal  being  Harbor-Grace. 

Conception  Strait,  an  inlet  of  Terra  del  Fuego, 
between  Hanover  Island  and  the  Madre  Archipelago,  and 
continuous  with  Mesier  Channel. 
•  Con'cert,  a  post-office  of  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa. 
..  Concliagiia,  kou-ch&'gw&,  an  extinct  volcano  of 
Central  America,  state  and  70  miles  E.S.E.  of  San  Salvador, 
at  the  W.  side  of  the  entrance  to  the  Gulf  of  Conchagua. 
Though  not  very  lofty,  it  commands  fine  views,  embracing 
18  other  volcanoes. 

Conchasi,  kon'shjls,  a  small  river  of  Brazil,  falls  into 
the  Atlantic  about  5°  S.  lat.  and  36°  50'  AV.  Ion. 

Conchas,  kon'chls,  or  Conchos,  kon'chos,  a  river 
of  Mexico,  in  Durango  and  Chihuahua,  joins  the  Rio  Grande 
near  lat.  29°  50'  N.  and  Ion.  104°  40'  W.,  after  a  northerly 
course  estimated  at  300  miles.  Its  valley  is  the  most  popu- 
lous and  best  cultivated  in  the  table-land  of  Chihuahua. 

Conches,  k6Nsh,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Eure, 
10  miles  S.W.  of  Evreux.     Pop.  2482. 

Con'cho,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  Texas, 
is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Colorado  River,  and  also 
drained  by  the  Concho  River,  which  enters  the  former 
in  the  N.E.  part  of  the  county.  Area,  1040  square  miles. 
The  surface  is  elevated  and  hilly.     Pop.  in  1890,  1065. 

Concho  River,  Texas,  rises  in  the  district  of  Bexar, 
runs  eastward,  and  enters  the  Colorado  River  in  the  N.E. 
part  of  Concho  co.     It  is  about  170  miles  long. 

Concliucos,  kon-choo'koce,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  the  de- 
.partmcnt  of  Ancachs,  is  on  the  western  slope  of  the  Andes, 
-on  a  branch  of  Santa  River,  85  miles  S.E.  of  Trujillo. 

Concise,  kdjjo^seez',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
of  Vaud,  on  the  Lake  of  Neufchatel,  6  miles  by  rail  N.N.E. 
of  Yverdun.     Pop.  790. 

Concobello,  kon-ko-bdl'lo,  a  town  of  AVestern  Africa, 
on  the  Congo  River,  near  lat.  4°  30'  S.,  Ion.  llt°  E. 

ConVonul'ly,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Okanogan  co., 
Washington,  12  miles  W.  of  the  Okanogan  River,  and  30 
miles  S.  of  the  Canadian  border.  It  is  a  large  mining-town, 
producing  gold,  silver,  and  lead.  It  has  a  bank  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  232. 

Concord,  kong'kgrd,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ala., 
about  10  miles  (direct)  W.N.W.  of  Moulton. 

Concord,  a  post-village  of  Contra  Costa  co.,  Cal.,  7 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Martinez.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  public  schools,  &o.     Pop.  about  250. 

Concord,  a  post-village  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  near  tbe 
Nanticoke  River,  about  40  miles  S.  of  Dover.  It  has  a 
church,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  400. 

Concord,  a  post-village  of  Gadsden  co.,  Fla.,  19  miles 
N.  of  Tallahasse.  It  has  3  churches,  several  stores,  a  tan- 
nery, a  steam  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  &c. 

Concord,  a  post-village  of  Pike  eo.,  Qa,.,  9  miles  by 
rail  S.  by  W.  of  Williamson,  and  5  miles  S.W.  of  Zebulon. 
-It  has  3  churches,  a  grist-mill,  2  cotton-gins,  Ao.   Pop.  400., 


Concord,  a  post-village  of  Morgan  co..  III.,  15  um 
by  rail  S.  of  liuiinlKtown.  It  bos  3  churches.  Pop.  oIm 
township  in  189U,  1051. 

Concord  (Emma  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of  White  ., 
III.,  in  Emma  township,  on  the  Little  Wabash  River,  S  d  jil 
S.  of  Hawthorn  Station. 

Concord,  a  post-hamlet  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind.,  in  ( |. 
cord  township,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  7  m 
S.E.  of  Auburn.  It  has  2  churches.  The  townihii  i 
traversed  by  St.  Joseph  River.     Pop.  of  township,  I47' 

Concord,  a  township  of  Elkhart  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  4:,. 
It  includes  the  city  of  Elkhart. 

Concord,  a  hamlet  of  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind.,  10  milo  . 
of  Lafayette.     Pop.  51. 

Concord,  a  township  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1( 
It  contains  Cottage  Hill. 

Concord,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hancock  co.,  lo 
in  Concord  township,  1  mile  from  Gamer  Station,  whicii 
on  a  branch  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railrd 
about  24  miles  AV.  of  Mason  City,  and  33  miles  E.  of  Algo. 
Pop.  about  100;  of  the  township,  1176. 

Concord,  a  township  of  Hardin  00.,  Iowa.     Pop.  9,1 

Concord,  a  township  of  Louisa  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  6, 
exclusive  of  Fredonia. 

Concord,  a  township  of  Woodbury  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  2 

Concord,  a  township  of  Ottawa  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.3 

Concord,  a  post-village  of  Lewis  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  0 
River,  about  25  miles  above  Maysville.  It  has  3  churcW 
a  lumber-mill,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  boat-yard.     Pop.  228.  { 

Concord,  a  post-township  of  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  ab( 
22  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Skowhegan,  is  bounded  on  the  £. 
Kennebec  River.     Pop.  452. 

Concord,  a  post-bamlct  of  Caroline  co.,  Md.,  7  mil 
N.  of  Federalsburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Concord,  a  post- village  of  Middlesex  co..  Mass.,  is 
Concord  townshij),  #n  the  Concord  River,  at  the  junction  i 
the  Assabet  and  Sudbury  Rivers,  20  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Bostcj 
It  is  on  the  Franiingham  <fc  Lowell,  Fitchbnrg,  and  Middl 
sex  Central  Railroads,  and  the  Nashua.  Acton  it  Bosti' 
Railroad  has  its  southern  terminus  at  AVest  Concord, 
contains  a  national  bank,  4  churches,  the  Concord  Hij 
School,  a  harness-factory,  a  public  library  of  about  12,0 
volumes,  a  reformatory,  and  a  manufactory  of  flaOBi 
Emerson,  Thoreau,  Hawthorne,  and  other  eminent  write 
have  resided  here.  The  banks  of  Concord  River  preMi 
beautiful  scenery  of  a  quiet  rural  character.  A  provinc! 
congress  of  Massachusetts  met  at  Concord  in  Octooer,  1?7 
and  the  town  was  the  scene  of  a  skirmish  between  the  Britii 
and  a  small  body  of  militia  on  April  19,  1775,  the  day  0 
which  the  first  blood  of  the  Revolution  was  shed.  Pop.  0 
the  township,  in  1870,  2412;  in  1880,  3922;  in  1890,4427 

Concord,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  on  tb 
Kalamazoo  River,  in  Concord  township,  and  on  the  Michi 
gan  Central  Railroad  (Air-Lino  division),  14  miles  AV.S.'tt 
of  Jackson,  and  about  40  miles  S.  of  Lansing.  It  hn 
churches,  a  union  school,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  oflTice,  and 
flouring-mill.  Pop.  about  600.  The  township  is  also  trav 
ersed  by  the  main  line  of  the  Central  Railroad  (North  Con 
cord  Station).     Pop.  of  the  township,  1334. 

Concord,  a  post-village  of  Dodge  co.,  Minn.,  on  ; 
branch  of  the  Zumbro  River,  in  Concord  township,  2  mile 
from  Dodge  Centre,  and  22  miles  W.N.AV.  of  KocheiUJ 
It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  96' 

Concord,  a  post-village  of  Callaway  co..  Mo.,  about  II 
miles  S.  of  Mexico.     It  has  a  church  and  a  steam-mill. 

Concord,  a  township  of  Clinton  co..  Mo.  Pop.  241)1 
It  contains  Plattsburg. 

Concord, atownshipofAA'^ashington CO.,  Mo.  Pop.  1843 

Concord,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co..  Neb.,  on  the  Bur- 
lington <fc  Missouri  River  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  Platts-j 
mouth. 

Concord,  a  city,  the  capital  of  New  Hampshire,  and  of 
Merrimack  co.,  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  right  bank  of 
the  Merrimack  River,  18  miles  N.  of  Manchester,  and  73 
miles  by  railroad  N.N.W.  of  Boston.  Lat.  about  43°  13' 
N. ;  Ion.  71°  29'  W.  It  extends  2  miles  or  more  along  the 
river,  and  has  wide  straight  streets,  lighted  by  electricity. 
The  hotels  and  principal  business  houses  are  on  Main 
street  and  Railroad  Square.  Concord  is  supplied  with 
good  water  by  works  constructed  in  1872  at  an  expense  of 
$200,000.  It  contains  a  granite  state-house,  a  government 
building,  and  the  state  library  building,  situated  in  the 
centre  of  a  beautiful  common  shaded  with  maples  and 
eluis,  a  city  hall,  12  churches  (4  Congregational,  3  Baptist, 
2  Methodist,  1  Unitarian,  1  Roman  Catholic,  and  1  Univer- 
salist),  3  national  banks,  3  savings-banks,  a  state  prison, 
a  high  school,  St.  Paul's. School  (Episcopal),  charmingly 


CON 


939 


CON- 


f 


located  about  one  mile  from  the  state-house,  a  state  lunatic 
asylum,  and  a  public  library,  besides  the  state  library  of 
111  000  volumes.  Two  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers  are 
published  here.  Concord  has  abundant  water-jiower,  and 
[extensive  manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  woollen  goods,  car- 
riages, machinery,  leather  belting,  wooden-ware,  organs,  &a. 
It  is  connected  with  Boston  by  the  Concord  &  Montreal 
Railroad.  The  other  railroads  which  meet  hero  are  the 
Concord  &  Claremont,  and  the  Concord  division  of  the 
Boston  ifc  Maine.  Here  are  quarries  of  fine  granite,  of 
which  large  quantities  arc  exported.  Pop.  iu  1870,  12,241 ; 
,n  1880,  13,843;  in  1890,  16,948. 
Concord,  a  township  of  Erie  CO.,  N.Y.  Pop.  3186.  It 
Ijincludes  Woodward's  Hollow,  Springville,  <fcc. 
''  Concord,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cabarrus  co.,  N.C., 
■|23  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Salisbury,  and  21  miles  N.E.  of  Char- 
ilotte.  It  has  12  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  oflSces,  a 
jseminary  for  colored  girls,  a  flour-mill,  iron-works,  and 
(manufactures  of  cotton  sheetings,  plaids,  bags,  &o.  Pop. 
lin  1890,  4339. 

Concord,  a  township  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  869. 
Concord ,  a  township  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  1 028. 
Concord,  a  township  of  Champaign  co.,  0.    Pop.  1035. 
Concord,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  0.     Pop.  1092. 
It  Is  traversed  by  the  Scioto  River. 

Concord,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  0.  Pop.  981.  It 
contains  Staunton. 

Concord,  a  township  of  Highland  co.,  0.  Pop.  1202. 
It  contains  Sugar  Tree  Ridge  and  a  part  of  Fairfax. 

Concord,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lake  co.,  0.,  in  Concord 
township,  and  on  the  Painesville  &  Youngstown  Railroad, 
5  miles  S.  of  Painesville.  It  has  a  church.  The  township 
has  a  woollen-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  797. 

Concord,  a  hamlet  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  in  Liberty  town- 
|thip,  about  30  miles  N.E.  of  Columbus.     It  has  2  churches. 
j     Concord,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  0.     Pop.  4701.    It 
j  includes  Troy,  the  county  seat. 
j    Concord,  Muskingum  co.,  0.    See  New  Concord. 

Concord,  a  township  of  Ross  co.,  0.  Pop.  2772.  It 
contains  Frankfort. 

I     Concord,  a  township  of  Butler  co..  Pa.     Pop.  926. 
j     Concord,  a  township  of  Delaware  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1293. 
i  Concord  Station,  in  this  township,  is  at  Concord vii.le. 
J     Concord,  a  township  of  Erie  co..  Pa.     Pep.  1436.    See 
k  also  Concord  Station. 

I  Concord,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Pa.,  in  Fan- 
[  net  township,  about  44  miles  W.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  3 
!  churches.     Pop.  about  350. 

j  Concord,  a  township  of  Clarendon  co.,  S.C.  Pop.  800. 
Concord,  a  township  of  Sumter  co.,  S.C.  Pop.  1514. 
Concord,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  IIoI- 
jSton  River,  and  on  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia 
■  Railroad,  15  miles  S.AV.  of  Knoxville.  It  has  a  church,  a 
]  flour-mill,  3  saw-mills,  and  a  masonic  high  school. 

Concord,  a  hamlet  of  Rusk  co.,  Tex.,  20  miles  from 
,  Henderson.     It  has  a  church. 

i     Concord,  a  post-township  of  Essex  co.,  Vt.,  about  10 
,  miles  E.  of  St.  Johnsbury,  is  on  the  Portland  &  Ogdensburg 
;  Railroad,  and  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Connecticut 
I  River.     Pop.  1276.     It  contains  West  Concord. 
1     Concord,  Virginia.    See  Concord  Depot. 

Concord,  a  post-office  of  Hampshire  co.,  W.  Va.  See 
j  also  Concord  Church. 

]     Concord,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Wis.,  in  Con- 
cord township,  about  38  miles  W.  of  Milwaukee.     It  has  a 
I  church,  a  carriage-shop,  and  a  creamery  or  cheese-factory. 
j  Pop.  of  the  township,  1522. 

Concord  Church,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  AV. 
I  Va.,  25  miles  S.S.W.  of  Hinton.  Here  is  a  church  ;  also  the 
I  Mercer  County  Normal  School. 

(  Concord  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Campbell  co.,  Va., 
[  on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad,  13  miles  E. 
j  of  Lynchburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

I  Concordia,  kon-kor'de-a,  a  parish  of  Louisiana,  has 
)  an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
I  by  the  Mississippi  River,  on  the  S.W.  by  Red  River,  and  on 
\  the  W.  by  the  Ouachita  River,  all  of  which  are  navigable 
\  by  steamboats.  The  surface  is  level,  is  extensively  covered 
i  with  forests,  and  partly  subject  to  inundation.  The  soil  is 
[  fertile,  and  cotton  is  the  staple  product.  It  is  intersected 
(  in  the  N.  by  the  New  Orleans  &  Northwestern  and  the 
i,  Aatchez,  Red  River  &  Texas  Railroads,  both  of  which  com- 
':  municate  with  Vidalia,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  9977  • 
i  in  1880,  14,914;  in  1890,  14,871. 

I  Concordia,  or  Concordia  di  Qua,  kon-koRde-i 
i  dee  kwa,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  17  miles  N.  of  Mo- 
•  ''-""      Pop.  of  commune,  9336. 


dena. 


Concordia,  Concordia  di  Qua,  or  Concordia 
Sagittaria,  si-jeet-ti'ree-i,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
34  miles  N.E.  of  Venice.     It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  2672. 

Concordia,  or  La  Concordia,  \h  kon-koR'de-S,,  a 
town  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  on  the  Uruguay,  province 
of  Entre  Rios,  130  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bajada  do  Santa  Fe. 
A  railway  97  miles  long  connects  it  with  Monte  Caseros. 
Pop.  5498. 

Concordia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Elbert  co.,  Ga.,  15  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Elberton.  It  has  several  churches,  an  acad- 
emy, a  cotton-gin,  &c. 

Concordia,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas, 
in  Lincoln  township,  on  the  Republican  River,  about  CO 
miles  N.W.  of  Junction  City,  and  on  the  Central  Branch 
of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  165  miles  W.  of  Atchison. 
It  has  a  church,  a  state  normal  school,  a  United  States  land 
office,  and  two  weekly  newspapers.     Pop.  in  1890,  3184. 

Concordia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Meade  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  90  miles  below  Louisville.     Pop.  116. 

Concordia,  a  post-village  and  shipping-point  of  Bol- 
ivar CO.,  Miss.,  on  the  Mississippi  River.  It  has  a  church, 
an  oil-mill,  and  several  stores.  It  is  stated  that  8000  bales 
of  cotton  are  annually  shipped  here. 

Concordia,  a  post-village  of  Lafayette  co..  Mo.,  in 
Freedom  township,  on  the  railroad  between  Sedalia  and 
Lexington,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Sedalia.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  college,  a  public  and  numerous 
other  schools,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  715. 

Concord  (kong'k^rd)  River,  Massachusetts,  is  formed 
by  the  Assabet  and  Sudbury  Rivers,  which  unite  at  Con- 
cord. It  runs  nearly  northward  in  Middlesex  co.,  and 
enters  the  Merrimac  River  at  the  city  of  Lowell.  The  direct 
distance  from  Concord  to  its  mouth  is  about  12  miles.  This 
river  has  been  well  described  by  Thoreau  in  his  "  Week  on 
the  Concord  and  Merrimac  Rivers." 

Concord  Station  (Elgin  Post-Offiee),  a  station  of 
Erie  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad,  5  mileS 
W.  of  Corry.  It  is  in  the  borough  of  Elgin.  Half  <a  mile 
S.  is  Concord  Station,  on  the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western 
Railroad. 

Concordville,  kong'kprd-vll,  a  post-village  of  Dela- 
ware CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Baltimore  Central 
Railroad,  25  miles  W.S.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  2  er  3 
churches,  a  boarding-school,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  300. 

Con'cow,  a  township  of  Butte  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  490. 

Concrete,  kon-kreet',  a  post-village  of  De  Witt  co., 
Tex.,  10  miles  N.  of  Cuero  Station.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  high  school,  and  is  surrounded  by  fertile  prairies  and 
groves  of  evergreen  live-oak. 

Con'damine^  River,  Queensland,  Australia,  is  a  head- 
stream  of  the  Darling  River.     Lat.  27°  S. ;  Ion.  151°  E. 

Con^dapil'ly,  a  town  of  British  India,  in  the  presi- 
dency of  Madras,  55  miles  N.W.  of  Masulipatam,  on  the 
Kistnah.    Pop.  5210. 

Condat,  k^No'di',  a  village  of  France,  in  Correze,  16 
miles  N.N.W,  of  Tulle.     Pop.  1606. 

Condat,  a  village  of  France,  in  Puy-de-D6me,  26  miles 
W.  of  Clermont-Ferrand.     Pop.  1384. 

Condat'ch  V,  a  bay  and  village  of  Ceylon,  on  its  western 
coast,  120  miles  N.  of  Colombo.  It  is  a  centre  of  the  pearl- 
fishery. 

Condate.    See  Cosne,  Montereau,  and  Rennes. 

Condat-en-F6niers,k6N<''da.'t6No-fi'ne-i',  a  village 
of  France,  in  Cantal,  32  miles  N.E.  of  Aurillac.     Pop.  748. 

Condati  Liilla;,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Libourne. 

Conde,  k6N«MA',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  at  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Haine  and  Scheldt,  7  miles  by  rail  N.N.B.  of 
Valenciennes.  Pop.  3382.  It  is  enclosed  by  strong  fortifi- 
cations and  well  built.  It  has  a  handsome  church,  a  town 
hall,  arsenal,  military  hospital,  a  harbor  for  river-craft, 
manufactories  of  chiccory,  starch,  leather,  and  cordage,  an 
extensive  trade  in  coals  and  cattle,  and  large  corn-markets. 

Conde,  kon'di,  a  town  and  seaport  of  Brazil,  province 
and  85  miles  N.E.  of  Bahia,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Inhambupe. 
It  has  a  trade  in  sugar,  tobacco,  and  mandioca.     Pop.  2000. 

Conde,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  and  20  miles  S.  of 
Parahyba.     Pop.  800. 

Conde,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  and  22  miles  S.W. 
of  Pard,  on  the  Tocantins,  upon  an  island  formed  by  this 
river,  the  Moju,  and  the  Iguapg  Mirim, 

Conde-en-Brie,  k6N»MA'-5N"-bree,  a  town  of  France, 
in  Aisne,  8  miles  E.  of  Chateau-Thierry.     Pop.  651. 

Cond6-sur-Huisne,  kftNoMi'-siiR-ween,  a  town  of 
France,  in  Orne,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Mortagne.     Pop.  1241. 

Conde-sur-Iton,  k6N<>'dA,'-siiR-eeU6No',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Eure,  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Evreux.     Pop.  892. 

Cond^-sur-Noireau,  k6N»'di'-sUR-nwa.'ro',  a  town 


CON 


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of  FraBM,  in  Calrados,  at  the  oonQuence  of  the  Noireau 
and  Drouftnoe,  25  miles  by  rail  S.S.\V.  of  Caon.  It  hua 
manafactorioa  of  linens,  cotton,  and  mixed  fabrics,  muslins, 
flotton  yarn,  cutlery,  and  leather;  also  a  trade  in  cattle, 
horses,  and  honey.     Pop.  6S35. 

Cond^-sur-Vire,  k6.>i*^d^'-sUR-reeK,  a  village  of 
Franco,  yi  Manobe,  on  the  Viro,  5  miles  S.S.E.  of  Saint- Ld. 
Pop.  2011. 

CondcsuyoSt  konMA-soo'yooe,  a  district  of  Poru,  in 
the  department  of  Aroquipa,  extending  from  the  N.E. 
Iioundary  of  Itolivia  to  Caiuuna  on  the  W.,  and  intorsectod 
N.E.  to  S.W.  by  the  Val  de  Mnyes.  AVino,  grain,  and 
ooohinoal  are  produced  in  abundance.  The  gold-mines  here 
are  not  so  pnxiuctive  as  formerly.     Pop.  20,145. 

Cond6-Vieux,  l(AN<>M&'-vo-uh',  or  Vieux>Cond6f 
a  Tillage  of  Franco,  in  Nord,  just  V)clow  Cond6.     Pop.  3617. 

Coiidino,  kon-deo'no,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  the 
Tyrol,  21  miles  W.  of  Rovoredo.     Pop.  1451. 

Cou'dit)  a  township  of  Champaign  co.,  III.     Pop.  755. 

Coiidit)  a  8t4ition  in  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Lan- 
sing division  of  the  Michigan  Southern  Kailroad,  43  miles 
6.  of  Lansing. 

Condit,  a  nost-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  0.,  in  Trenton 
township,  on  the  Cleveland,  Mount  Vernon  &  Columbus 
llailrond,  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Columbus. 

Condivincum,  the  ancient  name  of  Nantes. 

Coudochntcs,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Gunduck. 

Condom,  kis<>VliN»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ocrs,  on  the 
Bayse,  2a  miles  N.N.W.  of  Auch.  Pop.  493:'..  Its  interior 
is  ill  built,  but  it  has  agreeable  suburbs,  a  largo  market- 
square,  a  noble  parish  church,  an  excliange,  2  hospitals, 
manufactures  of  cotton  and  mi.\ed  fabrics,  porcelain,  leather, 
and  woollen  stulTs,  and  an  active  trade  in  rural  produce. 

Condomois,  kAic'do'mwi',  a  district  of  France,  de- 
partments of  Gers,  Landes,  and  Lot-et- Garonne. 

Con'don,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Gilliam  co.,  Oregon, 
32  miles  (direct)  S.  of  Arlington.  It  has  2  churches,  graded 
schools,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  224. 

Condor,  island,  China  Sea.    See  Poolo-Cosdor. 

Cou'dor,  a  post-village  of  Laurens  co.,  Ga.,  5  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Dublin.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  150. 

Condorillo,  a  river  of  Bolivia.    See  Cochabamba. 

Condrieu,  kiuo^dre-uh',  a  town  of  France,  in  Rh6ne, 
21  miles  S.  of  Lyons,  on  the  Rhone.     Pop.  2575. 

Conecocheague,  Md.    See  Cosocochkagiie  Cuekk. 

Conecuh,  ko-nee'ka,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Ala- 
bama, has  an  area  of  about  850  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Sepulga  and  other  affluents  of  the  Conecuh.  The 
surface  is  uneven,  extensively  covered  with  pines.  Cotton 
and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Mobile  it;  Montgomery  Railroad.  Capital,  Evergreen. 
Pop.  in  1870,  9574:  in  1880,  12,605;  in  1890,  14,694. 

Conecuh  lliver,  Alabama,  rises  in  Pike  co.,  runs 
south  westward,  and  enters  the  Escambia  River  in  Florida, 
about  3  miles  from  the  south  boundary  of  Alabama.  Its 
length  is  estimated  at  175  miles. 

Conedogwin'it  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Frank- 
lin CO.,  runs  nearly  northeastward,  intersects  Cumberland 
CO.,  and  enters  the  Susquehanna  River  2  miles  above  Ilar- 
risburg.     It  is  about  80  miles  long. 

Conegliano,  ko-n.\l-yA'no,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy, 
province  and  15  miles  N.  of  Treviso.  Pop.  7746.  It  is  well 
ouilt,  has  a  cathedral  and  a  citadel,  and  manufactures  of 
woollen  and  silk  fabrics.  It  was  created  a  duchy  by  Napo- 
leon for  Marcchal  Moncey. 

Conejera,  ko-n4-Hi'ri,  a  small  uninhabited  island  of 
the  Mediterranean,  6  miles  from  Cape  Salinas  on  the  S. 
coast  of  Ivi^a. 

Conejos,  ko-n&'Hoce,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of 
Colorado,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Rio  Grande,  and  is 
partly  dniined  by  the  Rio  San  Juan  and  Rio  Conejos.  The 
surface  is  diversified  by  mountains  and  fertile  valleys  and 

glaina.  This  county  comprises  a  large  portion  of  the  great 
an  Luis  Park.  The  soil  and  climate  are  adapted  to  pas- 
turage. Gold,  wool,  and  wheat  are  the  staples.  Capital, 
Conejos.  Pop.  in  1870,  2504;  in  1880,  6605;  in  1890, 
7193. 

Conejos,  or  Guadalupe,  gw&-di-loo'p&,  a  post-vil- 
lage, capital  of  Conejos  co.,  Col.,  about  125  miles  S.W.  of 
Pueblo.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Conejos  Peak,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  San  Jaan 
Mountains,  in  Conejos  co.,  has  an  altitude  of  13,183  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Conejos  River.    See  Rio  Conejos. 

Conemaugh,  k5n-^-maw',  a  river  of  Pennsylvania, 
rises  iu  Cambria  co.,  runs  westward  through  a  mountainous 
country,  forms  the  boundary  between  Indiana  and  West- 


moreland COS.,  and  unites  with  the  Loyalhanna  at  Salts- 
burg.     Rcluw  this  point  the  river  is  called  Kiskiminetas. 

Conemaugh,  a  former  post-borough  of  Cumbria  ao. 
Pa.,  now  forming  part  of  the  city  of  Johnstown.  It  la 
situated  on  Conemaugh  River,  nnd  on  the  I'cnnDylvania 
Railroad,  2  or  3  miles  E.  of  John.>itown  proper,  anci  ,'IA  milei 
W.S.W.  of  Altoona.  Its  prosperity  is  doriveil  cliiofly  from 
manufactures  of  iron,  i,o.  It  has  5  ehurchcs  and  souis 
machine-shops  of  the  railroad.  Coal  is  mined  in  the 
vicinity. 

Conemaugh,  a  township  of  Indiana  oo.,  Pa.    P.  1403, 

Coneniuugli,  a  township  of  Somerset  co..  Pa.,  con 
tiguous  to  Conemaugh  town.ship,  Cambria  co.     Pop.  1172. 

Cone  i>Iountain,  in  SUkiyou  co.,  Cal.,  is  a  voleanio 
cone,  about  6600  feet  high.  "One  of  these  conical  moun- 
tains," says  Whitney,  "  which  lay  close  at  the  western  base 
of  Mount  Shasta,  was  so  beautifully  regular  in  its  outline 
that  we  gave  it  the  name  of  Cone  Mountain." 

Cone^quenes'sing  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in 
Butler  CO.,  Pa.,  and  runs  eouthwestward  into  Beaver  oo. 
Flowing  thence  northwestward,  it  enters  Slippery  Rook 
Creek  2  or  3  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Con'erly's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  oo..  Miss.,  20  miles 
E.  of  Magnolia. 

Con^esto'ga,  a  lownship  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  about 
'36  miles  S.E.  of  Ilarrisburg,  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Con- 
estoga  Creek,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Susquehanna  River. 
It  contains  Conestoga  village.     Pop.  2079. 

Conestoga,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  in 
Conestoga  township,  2  miles  from  Safe  Harbor,  and  about  9 
miles  S.  of  Lancaster.  It  has  3  churches,  a  tannery,  a 
nursery,  <tc.     Pop.  about  500. 

Conestoga  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  near  the  lino 
which  separates  Berks  co.  from  Lancaster  co.,  runs  south- 
westward  through  the  latter  county,  and  enters  the  Susque- 
hanna River  about  10  miles  S.AV.  of  Lancaster. 

Conestoga  Furnace,  a  station  in  Lancaster  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  Quarry  ville  Branch  of  the  Reading  &  Columbia  Rail- 
road, 2  miles  S.E.  of  Lancaster. 

Con'esto'go,  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  co.,  Ontario, 
at  the  confluence  of  the  Conestogo  and  Grand  Rivers,  8  miles 
N.  of  Berlin.  It  contains  a  distillery,  flax-  and  grist-mills, 
3  hotels,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  450. 

Conc'sus,  a  post-township  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y., 
about  35  miles  S.  of  Rochester,  is  intersected  by  the  Erie 
Railroad,  and  is  bounde<l  on  the  W.  by  Conesus  Lake, 
and  on  the  E.  by  Hemlock  Lake.  Pop.  1377.  It  contains 
a  village  named  Conesus  Centre. 

Conesus  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Livingston  co., 
N.y.,  is  in  Conesus  township,  and  on  the  Rochester  division 
of  the  Erie  Railroad,  38  miles  S.  of  Rochester.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  231. 

Conesus  Lake,  a  beautiful  sheet  of  water  in  Living- 
ston CO.,  N.Y.,  about  5  miles  E.  of  Geneseo.  It  is  about  9 
miles  in  length.  An  outlet  issues  from  its  northern  end  and 
enters  the  Genesee  River. 

Conesville,  konz'vil,  a  post-village  of  Muscatine  co., 
Iowa,  in  Orono  township,  near  the  Cedar  River,  and  on  the 
Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  <fe  Northern  Railroad  (at  Cone 
Station),  48  miles  N.  of  Burlington.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  graded  school.     Pop.  275. 

Conesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schoharie  oo.,  N.Y.,  in 
Conesville  township,  about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Albany.  It 
has  a  church.  The  township  has  3  churches  and  a  popula- 
tion of  1174. 

Conesville,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  i 
St.  Louis  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  Coshocton,  0. 

Conewago,  kon'o-waw'go,  a  township  of  Adams  co.. 
Pa.,  traversed  by  the  Littlestown  Railroad.  Pop.  1029.  It 
contains  McSherrystown. 

ConcAvago,  a  township  of  Dnuphin  co.,  Pa.   Pop.  831. 

Conewago,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Ilarrisburg. 

Conewago,  a  township  of  York  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1382. 
Conewago  Station,  near  this  township,  is  on  the  Northern 
Central  Railroad,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Harrisburg. 

ConCAvago  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Adams  co., 
runs  northeastward  through  Y'ork  co.,  and  enters  the  Sus- 
quehanna River  about  9  miles  N.  of  the  city  of  York.  It 
is  about  60  miles  long. 

Conewango,  kon'e-wong'go,  a  post-township  of  Cat- 
taraugus CO.,  N.Y^.,  contains  the  village  of  Rutledge,  where 
is  Conewango  Post-Office.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1320.  Con- 
ewango Station  is  on  the  Buffalo  &  Jamestown  Railroad,  52 
miles  S.  of  Buffalo. 

Conewango,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Pa.  Pop. 
1212,  exclusive  of  Warren,  a  borough. 


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Conewango  Creek,  an  outlet  of  Chautauqua  Lake, 
drains  the  W.  part  of  Cattaraugus  cc,  N.Y.,  traverses  Chau- 
tauqua CO.,  from  which  it  runs  S.  into  Pennsylvania  and 
enters  the  Alleghany  at  Warren.  Length,  about  80  miles. 
Coney,  ko'ne,  a  post-village  of  Dooley  co.,  Ga.,  14 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Americus.     It  has  several  stores. 

Coney  (ko'ne)  Island,  in  Gravesend  township,  Kings 
CO.,  N.Y.,  at  the  entrance  of  New  York  harbor,  and  near 
the'  S.W.  angle  of  Long  Island,  is  5  miles  long  by  i  mile 
broad.  It  is  a  popular  place  of  summer  resort,  and  is  a 
terminus  of  several  railroads  connecting  it  with  Brooklyn. 
Steamers  ply,  during  the  bathing  season,  between  the  island 
and  New  York,  which  is  11  miles  distant. 

Co'ney  Island  (anc.  Iniahmalcloghy),  an  island  of  Ire- 
land, in  Sligo  Bay,  li  miles  long. 
Confarn,  a  village  of  Austria.     See  Gainfahrn. 
Confedera'tion  of  the    Rhine,   a  confederation 
formed  by  the  secondary  states  of  Germany,  under  the  pro- 
tection of  Napoleon,  in  1806.    It  comprised  34  states,  viz., 
the  four  kingdoms  of  Bavaria,  Saxony,  Westphalia,  Wiirtem- 
berg,  and  the  duchies  or  principalities  of  Frankfort,  Berg 
and  Clcves,  Hesse- Darmstadt,  Wurzburg,  Nassau-Usingen, 
Nassau-AVeilburg,  Hohenzollern-IIechingen,  Hohenzollern- 
Sigmaringen,    Isenburg-Birkstein,    Liechtenstein,    Leyen, 
Saxe-Weimar,  Saxe-Gotha,    Saxe-Meiningen,    Saxe-llild- 
burghausen,  Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld,  Anhalt-Dessau,  Anhalt- 
Bernburg,  Anhalt-Cothen,  Lippe-Detmold,  Lippe-Schaum- 
burg,  Meeklenburg-Schwerin,  Mecklenburg-Strelitz,  Reuss- 
Greitz,  Reuss-Schleitz,  lleuss-Ebersdorf,  Keuss-Lobenstein, 
1     Schwarzburg-Sondershausen,  Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt,  and 
i    Waldeck.     At  the  fall  of  the  French  Empire,  the  states  of 
I     the  Confederation  of  the  Rhine  combined  with  the  other 
Btates  of  Germany  to  form  the  Germanic  Confederation. 

Con'fidence  (Sugar  Pine  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of 
Tuolumne  co.,  Cal.,  about  60  miles  E.  of  Stockton.  It  has 
general  stores,  <fco. 

Confidence,  a  station  of  Madison  co.,   111.,  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Vandalia  &  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  15  miles  E.  by 
N.  of  St.  Louis. 
Confidence,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,   Iowa,  in 
!     Wright  township,  about  45  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ottumwa.     It 
j     has  2  churches.     Coal  is  found  here. 
■j^K    Confienza,  kon-fe-fin'zi,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Pied- 
■■bont,  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Novara.     Pop.  2378. 
I^HTConflans,  a  town  of  France.     See  Albebt-Ville. 
f        Conflans,  k6N<»^fl6N'>',  a  village  of  Franco,  in  Sarthe,  26 
I     miles  E.  of  Le  Mans.     Pop.  936.    Several  communes  in  the 
I     central  and  E.  departments  of  France  have  this  name. 

Conflans-Sainte-Honorine,    k6N"'fl6N<"  -s^Nt-o^- 
no*reen',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine-et-Oise,  on  the  Seine, 
14  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Paris.     Pop.  1787. 
Conflenti,  kon-flSn'tee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 

i_^Catanzaro,  7  miles  N.  of  Nicastro.     Pop.  3345. 
^^K- Con'fluence,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  co.,  Pa.,  in 
^Hpiower  Turkey  Foot  township,  on  the  Youghiogheny  River, 
^iit  the  mouth  of  the  Castleman,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Wash- 
ington &  Baltimore  Railroad,  84  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pittsburg. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  shook-factory. 
I         Confluentes,  the  ancient  name  of  Coblentz. 
j         Confolens,  or  Confolent,  kdNo^fo'liN"',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Charente,  on  the  Vienne,  35  miles  N.E.  «f  An- 
gouleme.     Pop.  2717.     It  has  a  commercial  college,  a  trade 
in  timber,  cattle,  and  corn,  and  large  monthly  fairs. 

Cong,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Mayo,  9  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Headford.     Pop.  364. 

Congaree,  kong^ga-ree',  a  river  of  South  Carolina, 
formed  by  the  Broad  and  Saluda  Rivers,  which  unite  at 
Columbia,  the  capital  of  the  state.  It  runs  southeastward, 
and  joins  the  Wateree  River  at  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Rich- 
land CO.  Below  this  junction  the  river  is  called  the  Santee. 
The  Congaree  is  nearly  50  miles  long.  Steamboats  ascend 
it  to  Columbia. 

Congerville,  kong'gh§r-vil,  a  post-village  of  Wood- 
ford CO.,  111.,  24  miles  by  rail  B.  by  S.  of  Peoria.  It  has  a 
church,  a  grain-  and  lumber-mill,  2  general  stores,  and 
other  business  houses.     Pop.  about  150. 

Congleton,  kong'g'1-ton,  a  borough  of  England,  co. 
of  Chester,  in  the  deep  valley  of  the  Dane,  near  the  Mac- 
clesfield Canal,  at  a  railway  junction,  7i  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Macclesfield.  Principal  buildings,  the  Episcopal,  Roman 
Catholic,  and  other  chapels,  town  hall  and  jail,  market- 
house,  and  assembly-rooms.  It  has  a  grammar-school,  some 
cotton-factories,  and  manufactories  of  ribbons  and  other  silk 
fabrics;  also  mines  of  coal.     Pop.  11,344. 

Congo,  kong'go,  or  Zaire,  z3,-ee'ri,  a  river  of  Africa 
which  takes  rank  as  one  of  the  largest  rivers  in  the  world. 
Little  was  known  of  its  extent  and  imnortance  until  1877, 


when  II.  M.  Stanley  completed  his  perilous  journey  acrosi 
the  continent,  descending  the  river  Lualaba  of  Livingstone, 
which,  as  Stsinley  has  shown,  is  identical  with  the  Congo. 
It  receives  the  waters  of  the  great  lakes  Tanganyika  and 
Bangweolo,  and  has  5  great  cataracts  in  its  eastern  and 
some  30  in  its  western  portion ;  but  in  the  great  central 
basin  of  Africa  it  ofiers  1400  miles  of  navigable  water.  Its 
lovrer  course  for  140  miles  from  the  sea  is  practicable  for 
steamship  navigation.  The  volume  of  its  waters  far  ex- 
ceeds that  of  the  Mississippi.  Its  mouth  is  in  lat.  6°  S., 
Ion.  12°  40'  E.  In  times  of  flood,  it  is  said,  its  turbid  waters 
may  be  observed  a  hundred  miles  at  sea.  Its  valley  is  rich 
in  palm  oil,  wild  coifee,  ivory,  and  timber. 

Congo,  an  extensive  but  little  known  country  of  Western 
Africa,  in  South  Guinea.  It  was  formerly  understood  to 
comprise  all  the  countries  between  the  equator  and  lat.  IS** 
S.  Congo  proper  is  bounded  N.  by  the  river  Congo,  W.  by 
the  Atlantic,  and  E.  by  countries  of  the  interior.  Capital, 
Banza,  called  by  the  Portuguese  Sao  Salvador.  The 
Portuguese,  who  discovered  Congo  in  1486,  hold  it  in  vas- 
salage, but  their  authority  is  chiefly  nominal. 

Congo  Free  State,  a  territory  of  Africa,  under  the 
sovereignty  of  the  King  of  the  Belgians,  but  not  connected 
in  any  way  with  the  Belgian  government.  It  includes  a 
small  detached  tract  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Congo,  extend- 
ing from  the  sea  inland  to  the  French  possessions ;  but  its 
main  area  reaches  from  the  mouth  of  the  river  Likona 
(an  affluent  of  the  Congo  from  the  N.)  northward  to  lat. 
4°  N.,  thence  E.  to  30°  E.  Ion.,  thence  southward  to  Lake 
Bangweolo  (12°  S.),  thence  westward  to  24°  E.,  northward 
to  6°  S.,  and  again  W.  to  a  point  on  the  S.  bank  of  the 
river  Congo.  Area,  about  1,056,200  square  miles.  Esti- 
mated pop.  35,000,000.  Chief  products,  palm-oil,  oil-seeds, 
rubber,  ivory,  copal,  cofiFee,  and  dye-stuffs.  Chief  settle- 
ments. Banana  and  Boma,  ports  on  the  Lower  Congo ; 
Matadi,  Vivi,  Stanley  Falls,  Lukunga,  Leopoldville,  and 
Bangala  in  the  interior.  Steamboats  ply  on  the  principal 
rivers. 

Con^goon',  a  town  of  Persia,  on  the  Persian  Gulf,  115 
miles  S.E.  of  Bushire.     Pop.  6000. 

Congress,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  0.,  in  Congress 
township,  about  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mansfield,  and  12  miles 
N.AV.  of  Wooster.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  and  manu- 
factures of  cheese,  flour,  &c.  Pop.  309.  The  township  con- 
tains a  larger  village,  named  West  Salem,  and  has  a  popula- 
tion of  2581. 

Con;;ru'ity,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  8 
miles  N.  of  Greensburg.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  about  100. 
Conhoc'ton  (or  Cohoc'ton)  River,  New  York,  rises 
near  the  northern  boundary  of  Steuben  co.,  runs  southeast- 
ward in  that  county,  and  unites  with  the  Tioga  Iliver  about 
1  mile  N.W.  of  Corning.  The  stream  formed  by  this  con- 
fluence is  the  Chemung  River.  The  Conhocton  is  nearly 
60  miles  long.  About  40  miles  of  the  Erie  Railroad  (Roche-s 
ter  division)  is  in  the  valley  of  this  river. 

Coni,  ko'nee,  or  Cuneo,  koo-nd'o,  a  town  of  Italy, 
capital  of  the  province,  55  miles  by  rail  S.S.AV.  of  Turin. 
It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  large  trade.     Pop.  22,882. 

Coni,  or  Cuneo,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont. 
Capital,  Coni.     Area,  2756  square  miles.     Pop.  618,232. 

Conil,  ko-neel',  a  walled  fishing  town  of  Spain,  22  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Cadiz,  on  the  sea.     Pop.  4810. 

Conimbriga,  the  ancient  name  of  Coimbha. 
Conisbrough,  kon'is-bruh,  a  village  of  England,  co. 
of  York,  West  Riding,  on  the  Don,  7  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of 
Rotherham.     Pop.  of  parish,  2119. 

Con'istone  Water,  a  fine  lake  of  England,  co.  of 
Lancaster,  4  miles  W.  of  llawkshead.  It  is  6i  miles  in 
length  from  N.  to  S.,  having  at  its  N.  extremity  the  ro- 
mantic Conistone  Fells,  in  which  are  slate-quarrios  and 
copper-mines. 

Conitz,  a  town  of  Prussia.  See  Kokitz. 
Conjeveram,  kon'jev-§r-am',  or  kon-jSv'^r-am  (anc. 
Canchipurn,  "the  golden  city"),  a  considerable  town  of 
British  India,  on  the  river  Palaur,  42  miles  S.W.  of  Madras, 
in  the  district  of  Chingleput.  It  is  a  collection  of  villages 
interspersed  with  gardens,  and  has  several  temples  and  pa- 
godas, and  manufactures  of  cotton,  &c.     Pop.  37,327. 

Conkair,  or  Konkair,  kon-k&re',  a  town  of  India,  on 
the  Mahanuddy,  157  miles  S.E.  of  Nagpoor. 
Conki,  a  river  of  India.  See  Kankai. 
ConkMin,  or  Conklin  Station,  a  post-village  of 
Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Conklin  township,  on  the  Susquehanna 
River,  and  on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Rail- 
road, 8  miles  S.E.  of  Binghamton.  It  has  a  church  and 
acid-works.  The  post-office  is  Conklin  Station.  Pop.  of 
the  township  1290. 


CON  • 

Conk'ling,  a  post-bamlot  of  Owsley  eo.,  Ky.,  7  mile*  S. 
of  Buoneville.    It  has  a  oouimon  school  and  goooral  stores. 

Coukling  Centre,  a  post-haiulot  of  lirooiue  cu.,  N.Y., 
8  wiles  S.E.  of  Bin)(bauiton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  mill. 

Conkliiig  Forks,  a  post-office  of  Broome  oo.,  N.Y. 

Couk'liiigville,  a  post-village  of  Saratoga  oo.,  N.Y., 
on  Sacondaga  Uivor,  nbuut  60  uiiles  N.  of  Albany.  It  has 
2  oburohes,  and  luanufiictures  of  leather  and  wooden-ware. 

Conklin  Ntatiun,  Now  York.    See  Co.nkun. 

Cuulie,  k6.N»'lce',  a  town  of  France,  in  Sarthe,  12  miles 
S.W.  ofMans.     Pop.  1720. 

Conloguc,  kon'log',  a  post-hamlet  of  Edgar  oo..  III., 
on  tlio  Indianapolis  Ji  St.  Louis  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of 
Paris.     It  has  a  oburoh  and  a  tannery. 

Con'na,  a  village  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Cork,  5  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Tallow. 

Con^nasau'ga  River  rises  in  Fannin  co.,  Oa.,  and 
toachos  the  southern  boundary  of  Tennessee,  from  which  it 
runs  iu  a  S.S.W.  direction  and  unites  with  the  Coosawattee 
about  3  miles  E.  of  Kcsaoa,  Ga.  The  stream  formed  by 
this  union  is  the  Oostcnaula  River. 

Connaught,  kon'nawt  (L.  Conna'eia),  the  smallest  of 
the  four  provinces  of  Ireland,  bounded  on  the  N.  and  W. 
by  the  Atlantic,  £.  by  Ulster  and  Leinster,  and  S.E.  by 
Munster.  Qreatest  length  from  S.  to  N.,  86  miles;  greatest 
breadth,  81  miles.  Area,  6862  square  miles.  The  W.  por- 
tion is  broken  into  peninsulas,  the  largest  of  which  is  Con- 
nemara,  and  numerous  islands,  as  Achill,  Innisbegil,  Clare, 
Innisbofiin,  Arranmore,  <bo.  The  bays  and  sounds  afibrd 
oommodious  barbors.  The  W.  part  of  the  province,  includ- 
ing the  islands,  is  mountainous ;  the  N.  and  S.  extremities 
are  also  elevated,  while  the  centre  forms  one  level  plain. 
Granitic  and  primary  rocks  form  the  northern  part,  com- 
mencing at  Galway  Bay ;  Silurian  strata  extend  W.  of 
Loughs  Corrib  and  Mask,  and  to  this  succeeds  old  red  sand- 
stone. The  centre  and  eastern  parts  are  composed  of  lime- 
stone, and  coal  is  found  in  Lough  Allen  district.  The  prov- 
ince is  divided  into  the  counties  of  Mayo  and  Galway  on 
the  \Y.,  and  Sligo,  Leitrim,  and  Roscommon  on  the  E. 
Connaught  was  once  a  kingdom  of  the  Irish  heptarchy, 
ruled  by  the  O'Connors,  and  in  1590  was  divided  into  coun- 
ties andt*came  under  English  rule.     Pop.  in  1891,  723,673. 

Connaught,  kon'nawt,  a  post-village  in  Dundas  oo., 
Ontario,  23  miles  from  Matilda.     Pop.  500. 

Conneaut,  kon^ne-awt',  a  post-village  of  Ashtabula 
CO.,  0.,  is  on  Conneaut  Creek,  2  miles  from  Lake  Erie,  and 
on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad  and  the 
New  York,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  68  miles  N.B. 
of  Cleveland.  It  has  a  good  harbor  nt  the  mouth  of  the 
creek.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  a  high  school,  3  planing- 
mills,  a  butter-tub  factory,  and  liour-uiills.  Two  news- 
papers are  published  here.  Pop.  in  1890,  3241;  of  the 
township,  4811. 

Conneaut,  a  township  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Ohio  line.     Pop.  1729.     It  contains  Steamburg. 

Conneaut,  a  township  of  Erie  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Ohio 
line.     Pop.  1538,  exclusive  of  Albion. 

Conneaut  Creek  rises  in  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  and 
drains  part  of  Erie  co.,  from  which  it  passes  into  Ashtabula 
00.,  0.  It  runs  northeastward,  and  enters  Lake  Erie  nearly 
2  miles  from  the  N.E.  extremity  of  Ohio.  It  is  about  70 
miles  long. 

Con^neaut'ville,  a  post-borough  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa., 
on  Conneaut  Creek,  about  16  miles  N.W.  of  Meadville,  3 
miles  from  Conneautville  Station,  36  miles  S.S.W.  of  Erie, 
and  113  miles  N.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2  banks,  a  graded 
school,  6  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  woollen-mill,  an 
iron-foundry,  machine-shops,  flour-mills,  a  cheese-factory, 
and  manufactures  of  furniture,  ploughs,  and  lumber.  Pop. 
in  1890,  757. 

Connecticut,  kon-net'e-kut,  a  beautiful  river,  rises  in 
the  extreme  northern  part  of  New  Hampshire,  by  several 
branches  which  unite  near  the  N.E.  extremity  of  Vermont. 
It  runs  southward  and  southwestward,  and  forms  the  entire 
boundary  between  New  Hampshire  and  Vermont.  Below 
the  mouth  of  White  River,  which  is  in  AVindsor  co.,  Ver- 
mont, its  general  direction  is  nearly  southward.  Having 
crossed  the  northern  boundary  of  Massachusetts,  it  inter- 
sects the  counties  of  Franklin,  Hampshire,  and  Hampden, 
in  that  state,  and  passes  into  the  state  of  Connecticut.  It 
runs  southward  through  Hartford  co.  to  Middletown,  below 
which  it  flows  southeastward,  until  it  enters  Long  Island 
Sound,  30  miles  E.  of  New  Haven.  It  is  about  450  miles 
long,  and  drains  an  area  of  nearly  10,600  square  miles. 
Vessels  which  draw  8  feet  of  water  can  ascend  it  to  Hart- 
ford, above  which  the  navigation  has  been  improved  by 
canals  around  several  falls.   The  largest  affluents  that  enter 


8  CON 

it  from  the  west,  or  right,  are  the  Passumpsic,  White,  Deer- 
field,  Westfield,  and  Furmington  Rivers.  From  thcutborsid* 
it  receives  the  Ammonoosuc,  Miller's,  and  Cliioojiee  Riven, 
The  chief  towns  on  its  banks  are  Hartford  and  Middletown 
in  Connecticut,  and  Springfield,  Ilolyoke,  and  Northampton 
in  Massachusetts.  The  valley  of  the  Connecticut  is  oelo- 
brntod  for  its  beauty  and  fertility.  The  scenery  here  is 
diversified  by  terraces,  blufi°8,  mountains,  and  broad  tract! 
of  level  alluvial  land. 

Connecticut,  one  of  the  New  England  or  Eastern 
states  of  the  American  Union,  bordering  on  the  Atluntio, 
and  bounded  N.  by  Massachusetts,  E.  by  Rhode  Island,  S, 
by  Long  Island  Sound,  and  W,  by  New  York.  All  four  of 
its  boundary-lines  are  somewhat  irregular.  Its  shore-line 
extends  100  miles  from  the  mouth  of  IJyram  River,  at  the 
S.W.  angle  of  the  state,  to  the  mouth  of  the  Pawcatuck 
River,  which  divides  it  for  some  distance  from  Rhode 
Island.  All  the  principal  islands  in  the  sound  belong  to  New 
York.  Area,  4990  square  miles,  of  which  the  land  occu- 
pies 4845  square  miles,  or  3,100,800  acres,  and  the  water 
145  square  miles.  It  is  the  smallest  state  in  the  Union, 
except  Rhode  Island  and  Delaware. 

Face  of  the  Country. — Three  principal  river-valleys  oc- 
cupy the  greater  part  of  the  state's  area, — the  valley  of  the 
Thames,  with  its  tributaries  the  Yantic,  Quinnebaug,  She- 
tucket,  ttc,  in  the  E.,  that  of  the  Connecticut  in  the  cen- 
tre, and  that  of  the  Ilousatonic  in  the  W.  The  E.  por- 
tion of  the  state  consists  of  rounded,  stony  hills,  afibrding 
rich  pasturage,  with  narrow  valleys  and  many  well-utilized 
mill-streams,  and  the  region  supports  a  thrifty  agricultural 
and  manufacturing  population.  The  Connecticut  valley, 
especially  near  the  river  and  in  the  parts  remote  from  the 
sound,  is  exceedingly  fertile ;  but  its  southern  portion  is  to 
some  extent  broken  and  contains  some  unproductive  tracts. 
In  the  W.  the  surface  is  rough,  and  the  hills  are  often  pre- 
cipitous ;  but  the  valley  lands,  though  of  scanty  area,  have 
a  very  generous  soil,  and  dairy-farming  is  successfully  car- 
ried on.  The  water-power  of  Western  Connecticut  is  largely 
put  to  use.  Some  of  the  higher  hills  of  this  region  are  con- 
sidered mountains,  but  deserve  that  name  not  so  much  for 
their  height  as  for  their  abrupt  character.  They  are  con- 
tinuous with  the  Green  and  Taconic  Mountains  of  Massa- 
chusetts and  with  the  Highlands  of  New  York. 

Geolu'jn  nud  Minerals. — The  greater  part  of  Connecticut 
is  underlaid  directly  by  azoic  rocks  of  granitic  or  gneissoid 
character,  with  abundant  marks  of  glacial  action,  and  bear- 
ing large  drift  deposits.  In  the  N.W.  there  is  a  limited 
area  of  the  Devonian  age;  and  the  immediate  valley  of  the 
Connecticut,  except  in  the  lower  part,  is  Triassic.  At  Port- 
land, opposite  Middletown,  is  quarried  in  great  quantitiea 
the  valuable  brownstone,  a  favorite  building-material,  espe- 
cially prized  in  New  York.  Extensive  trap  dikes  occur  at 
many  points.  Valuable  iron  ores  have  long  been  wrought 
at  Salisbury,  Kent,  Roxbury,  Canaan,  Cornwall,  Sharon, 
and  other  places,  chiefly  westward,  and  the  metal  produced 
is  of  the  highest  grade  of  excellence.  Copper  occurs  at 
Simsbury,  Bristol,  and  elsewhere,  but  is  not  at  present 
wrought.  Other  mineral  and  quarry  products  are  lime  (New 
Milford,  Ac),  marble  (New  Preston,  AVashington,  ic), 
cement  (Southington,  Berlin),  flagstone  (Bolton,  Haddam), 
feld.«])ar  (Middletown),  and  barium  sulphate  (Southington, 
Cheshire).  Lead,  nickel,  cobalt,  and  other  more  rare  metals 
have  been  obtained  at  various  points,  but  not  in  paying 
quantities.  Of  mineral  springs,  the  sulphurous  chalybeate 
waters  of  Staflbrd  are  the  most  celebrated. 

Aijrictilture,  though  by  no  means  a  leading  industrial 
pursuit  here,  is  on  the  whole  a  fairly  remunerative  one, 
owing  to  the  proximity  of  markets  and  the  existence  of  a 
large  number  of  manufacturing  towns.  Fruit,  hay,  and 
dairy-products  are  the  principal  staples  in  the  E.  and  W. 
sections.  Maize,  rye,  oats,  and  potatoes  are  profitable  crops 
in  nearly  all  parts.  Tobacco  is  grown  in  the  Connecticut 
valley,  and  commands  a  high  price  from  its  excellence  in 
making  cigar-wrappers.  Market-gardening  is  a  profitable 
occupation  near  the  larger  towns  and  cities. 

The  manu/acturca  of  this  small  state  are  very  extensive. 
She  ranks  among  the  foremost  states  not  only  in  the  amount 
of  capital  invested  in  manufacturing,  but  also  in  the  quan- 
tity and  value  of  the  products.  Important  interests  are 
the  manufacture  of  clocks,  paper,  fire-arms,  carriages,  cot- 
ton, woollen,  and  silk  goods,  machinery,  gunpowder,  india- 
rubber,  carpets,  hosiery,  leather,  furniture,  boots  and  shoes, 
fish  oil  and  fertilizers,  iron,  hardware,  straw  goods,  hats,  sad- 
dlery, cooperage,  jewelry,  and  an  infinite  variety  of  small- 
wares.  The  prominent  manufacturing  towns,  cities,  and 
boroughs  are  Hartford,  pop.  in  1890,  53,230  (machinery, 
fire-arms,  subscription-books,  hardware,  <tc.) ;  New  Haven, 


CON 


943 


CON 


pop.  81,298  (carriages,  clocks,  rubber  goods,  gunpowder, 
arms) ;  Bridgeport,  48,886  (carriages,  axles,  springs,  sewing- 
machines,  hats,  metallic  wares);  Norwich,  16,156  (cottons, 
woollens,  arms,  paper,  iron  and  other  metallic  goods); 
Waterbury,  28,646  (brass  goods,  pins,  buttons,  rubber  goods, 
and  a  great  variety  of  wares) ;  Norwalk,  including  the  city 
of  South  Norwalk,  17,747  (hats,  felts,  castings,  woollens, 
straw  goods,  <fcc.);  Middletown,  9013  (metal  goods,  leather, 
4c.);  Meriden,  21,652  (carriages,  hardware,  metal  goods, 
castings,  small-wares) ;  New  London,  13,757  (machines, 
leather,  woollens,  <fec.) ;  New  Britain,  including  the  city 
of  New  Britain,  19,007  (hardware,  hosiery,  metal  goods, 
Ac);  Stamford,  15,700  (woollens,  iron-wares,  Ac);  Dan- 
bury,  16,552  (hats,  sewing-machines,  boots  and  shoes,  <fec.) ; 
Derby,  including  Birmingham,  5969 ;  Ansonia,  10,342 
(iron,  steel,  brass,  and  copper  goods  in  great  variety); 
Greenwich,  10,131;  Enfield,  7199  (carpets,  cotton  goods, 
gunpowder);  Stonington,  7184, including  Mystic  (shipping, 
Ac);  Killingly,  7027  (cottons,  shoes,  &o.) ;  Fairfield,  3868, 
Vernon,  including  the  city  of  Rockville,  8808  (cottons,  wool- 
lens, Ac.) ;  Windham,  including  Willimantic,  10,032  (cot- 
tons, wtioUens,  Ac.) ;  Groton,  5539  (metallic  wares,  cotton, 
shipping,  Ac.) ;  Manchester,  8222  (silks,  paper,  woollens,  cot- 
tons, Ao.) ;  Plymouth,  2147  (clocks,  cutlery,  cottons,  hard- 
ware, woollens,  Ac);  Portland, 4687(stonequarried);  Plain- 
field,  4582  (cottons,  Ac.) ;  Putnam,  6512  (cottons,  woollens, 
Ac);  Winchester,  6183,  including  Winsted  (cutlery,  clocks, 
metallic  and  other  wares) ;  Bristol,  7382 ;  Naugatuck, 
6218;  Thompson,  5580;  and  many  other  smaller  towns, 
such  as  Collinsville,  SuflSeld,  Windsor,  Stafford,  Seymour, 
Colchester,  Sprague,  and  Plainville,  most  of  them  scenes 
of  very  active  manufacturing  enterprise. 

Counties  and  Cities. — Connecticut  has  8  counties, — Hart- 
ford, New  Haven,  New  London,  Fairfield,  Litchfield,  Wind- 
ham, Middlesex,  and  Tolland.  There  are  12  cities, — New 
Haven  (the  largest  city),  Hartford  (the  capital),  Bridge- 
port, Norwich,  Waterbury,  Middletown,  Meriden,  New  Lon- 
don, New  Britain,  South  Norwalk,  Danbury,  and  Rockville, 
all  noticed  above  as  manufacturing  towns.  Most  of  the  other 
populous  places  of  the  state  are  incorporated  as  boroughs. 

liailroads,  &c. — The  railroad  interests  of  the  state  are 
largely  concentrated  in  the  New  York,  New  Haven  A 
Hartford  and  the  New  York  A  New  England  companies. 
These  corporations  represent  an  aggregate  capital  stock  of 
$63,21:5,608.34  and  an  indebtedness  of  $36,521,007.02.  The 
number  of  miles  of  railroad  in  1890  was  1007.  Acts  for 
the  gradual  abolishing  of  grade  crossings  were  passed  in 
1884  and  in  1888.  In  the  principal  towns  there  are 
also  street  railways.  The  Connecticut  River  is  navigated 
by  steamboats  as  far  as  Hartford ;  the  Thames  to  Nor- 
wich. Steamers  plying  upon  the  sound  connect  Stoning- 
ton, Hartford,  Norwich,  New  London,  Middletown,  New 
Haven,  Bridgeport,  Norwalk,  and  other  places  daily  with 
New  York,  and  a  line  of  freight-steamers  plies  between 
Hartford  and  Philadelphia.  Sailing-vessels  also  carry  on 
a  large  coasting  trade.  The  old  West  India  trade,  and  the 
whale-,  cod-,  and  seal-fisheries,  have  greatly  declined,  but 
still  employ  considerable  capital.  The  catch  of  menhaden 
for  manufacturing  oil  and  fish  guano  is  very  important. 
New  Haven  and  other  ports  have  extensive  oyster-fisheries. 

The  principal  harbors  of  the  state  are  those  of  Stoning- 
ton, Mystic,  New  London,  Saybrook,  New  Haven,  and 
Bridgeport;  and  there  are  others  at  Niantic,  Guilford, 
Clinton,  Branford,  Milford,  Southport,  Black  Rock,  Nor- 
walk, Stamford,  Greenwich,  Ac.  Fairfield,  New  Haven, 
Middletown,  New  London,  and  Stonington  are  ports  of 
entry. 

Finances. — the  grand  list  for  1890  showed  a  valuation  of 
taxable  property  amounting  to  $358,913,906.  The  whole 
state  debt  in  1890  was  only  $3,740,200  although  the  state 
during  the  war  of  1861-65  assumed  a  debt  of  $10,000,000. 
There  were  in  the  state  in  January,  1892,  84  national 
banks,  20  state  banks,  88  savings-banks,  and  22  private 
banks.  In  1888  important  changes  were  made  in  the  tax 
laws,  modifying  the  tax  on  telegraph,  telephone,  and  ex- 
press companies.  A  new  tax  was  created  on  collateral  in- 
heritance, and  investment  companies  were  added  to  the 
list  of  corporations.  Bonds,  notes,  and  other  securities 
deposited  with  the  state  treasurer,  with  an  annual  payment 
of  one  per  cent,  of  their  face  value,  are  exempt  from  other 
taxation.  This  law  on  investments  was  successful  in 
bringing  to  light  securities  never  before  taxed,  and  the 
receipts  from  this  source  for  the  first  year,  dating  fr«m 
July  1,  1889,  when  the  law  became  active,  amounted  to 
$129,452.  Additional  receipts  from  other  new  sources 
were  sufficient  to  cause  the  suspension  of  the  one-mill  tax 
on  property  for  general  purposes.     There  is  in  this  state 


I 


a  large  and  lucrative  business  done  in  fire,  marine,  life,  and 
accident  insurance. 

Education. — The  public  school  system  of  Connecticut  has 
a  wide  reputation.  The  school  fund,  originally  derived  (1818) 
from  the  sale  of  the  Western  Reserve  lands  in  Ohio,  in  1883 
amounted  to  $2,019,572.40.  The  school  revenue  from  this 
and  other  funds,  supplemented  by  the  proceeds  of  taxation 
and  other  sources  of  income,  amounts  to  about  $2,000,000 
per  annum.  Common  schools  are  maintained  everywhere, 
and  in  the  larger  towns  free  graded  schools  of  high  character 
are  sustained.  There  are  also  many  parish  and  secondary 
schools,  besides  numerous  academies  and  seminaries.  Among 
the  most  celebrated  institutions  of  learning  are  Yale  College, 
New  Haven,  with  a  regular  academic  course,  and  depart- 
ments of  science,  medicine,  law,  theology,  art,  and  agricul-' 
ture;  Trinity  College,  Hartford;  Wesleyan  University, 
Middletown,  which  also  has  scientific  and  agricultural 
courses;  divinity  'schools  at  Hartford  and  Middletown;  a 
large  asylum  (school)  for  the  deaf  and  dumb  at  Hartford; 
a  small  school  for  deaf-mutes  at  Groton ;  one  for  idiots  at 
Lakeville ;  a  state  reform  school  for  boys  at  Meriden ;  an 
industrial  school  for  girls  at  Middletown ;  hospitals  for  the 
insane  at  Hartford  and  Middletown ;  a  state  prison  at 
Wethersfield;  10  county  jails,  and  several  private  or  de- 
nominational orphanages  and  charitable  institutions.  In 
many  public  schools  drawing  and  music  are  taught;  and 
there  are  numerous  school  libraries,  besides  public  libraries 
in  many  of  the  towns  and  villages.  A  state  normal  school  ■ 
is  maintained  at  New  Britain,  and  a  second  normal  school 
was  established  at  Willimantic  by  act  of  legislature  in  ' 
1889.  The  school  system  is  supervised  by  a  state  board  of 
education,  and  there  are  city  and  town  superintendents  in 
the  principal  places.  The  school  district  system  of  man-  ' 
agement  generally  prevails,  although  it  has  been  recently 
abolished  in  a  number  of  towns.  The  free  academies  of  Col- 
chester, Norwich,  and  New  Haven  should  also  be  mentioned. 

The  churches  most  numerous  in  this  state  are  the  Congre- 
gational, Protestant  Episcopal,  Methodist  Episcopal,  Baptist, 
and  Roman  Catholic;  and  many  minor  sects  are  also  well 
represented. 

Constitution. — Up  to  1818  there  was  no  state  constitution, 
the  royal  charter  of  Charles  II.,  granted  in  1662,  serving  to 
that  date  as  the  basis  of  government.  In  1818  the  present 
constitution  was  adopted.  The  governor  is  chosen  annually 
by  a  majority  vote,  in  November.  The  legislature  consists  of 
a  senate  of  24  members,  and  a  house  of  representatives,  whose 
members  (some  250  in  number)  are  chosen  from  each  town. 
Voters  must  have  lived  one  year  in  the  state  and  six  months 
in  the  town  where  they  vote.  Judges  of  courts  are  chosen 
for  the  term  of  eight  years.  There  arc  four  representatives , 
sent  to  Congress  from  the  state.  This  constitution  also  pro-' 
vided  for  the  abolition  of  slavery,  and  removed  the  vestiges 
of  the  union  of  state  and  church. 

History. — The  Dutch  colonists  of  the  New  Netherlands' 
(New  York)  early  claimed  what  is  now  Connecticut,  and  in 
1633  planted  a  small  settlement  on  the  site  of  Hartford. 
But  in  1631  the  council  of  Plymouth  had  granted  a  patent, 
for  this  region,  and  two  years  later,  one  Holmes,  from  Ply- 
mouth, sailed  up  the  Connecticut,  and,  in  spite  of  the  oppo- 
sition of  the  Dutch,  set  up  a  trading-post  upon  the  site  of , 
the  present  town  of  Windsor.  Wethersfield  was  colonized 
from  Massachusetts  in  1634.  In  1636  a  large  immigration' 
took  place  from  the  towns  of  Massachusetts.  The  Pequot 
war  occurred  in  1637.  Saybrook  (named  from  Lord  Say- 
and-Seal  and  Lord  Brooke),  first  settled  in  1636,  was  a  sepa- 
rate colony  until  1644.  The  Connecticut  colony,  which  at 
first  embraced  the  Puritan  towns  in  the  E.  part  of  Long 
Island,  was  chartered  by  Charles  II.  in  1662,  and  was  made 
to  embrace  the  important  and  hitherto  separate  colony  of 
New  Haven,  founded  in  1638;  but  New  Haven  did  not 
accede  to  the  union  until  1665.  In  1687,  when  Sir  Edmund 
Andros,  royal  governor  of  New  England,  attempted  to  seize 
and  abrogate  the  colonial  charter  in  the  king's  name,  the 
lights  in  the  assembly-room  were  extinguished,  and  that 
document  was  removed  secretly  and  concealed  by  Captain 
James  Wadsworth  in  a  hollow  tree,  the  Charter  Oak,  which 
stood  until  1856.  The  legislature  was  held  alternately  at 
New  Haven  and  at  Hartford  until  1874,  when  Hartford  be- 
came the  sole  capital.  The  old  charter  of  Connecticut,  with 
all  its  faults,  insured  a  local  government  far  more  liberal 
than  most  others  that  obtained  in  New  England,  and  was 
peculiarly  adapted  to  the  needs  of  the  colony ;  and  conse- 
quently Connecticut's  colonial  history  is  for  the  most  part 
the  record  of  a  period  of  remarkable  prosperity.  Neverthe- 
less, the  colony  took  strong  ground  in  favor  of  independence 
during  the  war  of  the  Revolution,  and  before  the  Declara-. 
'  tion  of  Independence  her  assembly  had  voted  to  request 


CON 


044 


CON 


Connectioat  to  deolaro  the  colonies  free  from  their  ancient 
allegiance,  and  during  the  war  it  is  recorded  that  she  fur- 
nished more  aid,  proportionately,  in  men  and  monev,  than 
any  other  province.  Slavery  ytaa  not  abolished  until  1818, 
when  the  new  constitution  came  into  operation.  In  1840 
there  wore  still  a  few  slaves  living.  Perfect  equality  be- 
for«  the  law  was  given  to  all  religious  denominations,  and 
the  remnants  of  the  bond  of  union  which  had  so  long  sub- 
ifisted  between  state  and  church  were  finally  removed  by 

frovisions  of  the  same  constitution.  During  the  war  of 
861-03  Connecticut,  besides  bearing  her  full  share  of  the 
common  burdens,  voluntarily  assumed  a  debt  of  $10,000,000 
for  military  purposes.  Colored  citizens  were  not  allowed  to 
vote  until  1870,  when  the  fifteenth  amendment  of  the  United 
States  constitution  was  proclaimed. 

Population. — In  1636  the  "three  towns"  (Hartford, 
Wcthcrsfield,  Windsor)  had  750  inhabitants;  pop.  of  colony 
in  1679,  12,535;  in  1756,  131,805;  in  1762,  U5.fi66:  in 
1774,197,859;  in  1790,  237,946;  in  1800,  251,002;  in  1810, 
261,942;  in  1820,  275,148;  in  1830,  297,675;  in  1840, 
.309,978;  in  1850,  370,792;  in  1860,  460,147;  in  1870, 
637,454;  in  1880,  622.700;  in  1890,  746,258. 

Connecticut  Farms,  a  village  of  Union  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Union  township,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Elizabeth.  It  has  a  church. 
Here  is  Union  Post-Office. 

Connecticut  Lal^e,  a  post-oflSce  of  Coos  co.,  N.H.,  on 
a  small  lake,  one  of  the  sources  of  the  Connecticut  River. 

Connecticut  River  Station ,  4n  Old  Saybrook,  Conn., 
is  on  the  Shore  Line  Railroad,  1 7  miles  W.  of  New  London. 
A  railroad  bridge  crosses  the  Connecticut  to  Lyme  Station. 

Con'ncll,  a  post-oflSce  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa. 

Con'ncll's  Alill,  a  hamlet  of  Berrien  co.,  Ga.,  6  miles 
from  Nashville. 

Con'nellsville,  a  post-borough  of  Fayette  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  Youghiogheny  River,  in  Connellsville  township,  at 
the  base  of  Chestnut  Ridge,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Washing- 
ton k  Baltimore  Railroad,  57  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It 
is  14  miles  N.E.  of  Uniontown,  with  which  it  is  connected 
by  the  Fayette  County  Branch  Railroad ;  and  the  Southwest- 
ern Pennsylvania  Railroad  extends  hence  to  Grcensburg.  A 
bridge  here  crosses  the  river,  which  separates  this  place 
from  New  Haven.  Connellsville  has  2  banks,  7  or  8  churches, 
a  paper-mill,  a  pottery,  and  a  newspaper  office.  There  are 
manufactures  of  coke,  iron,  locomotives,  wool,  Ac.  Good 
coal  is  mined  near  this  place,  and  the  Connellsville  coke  is 
called  the  best  that  is  made.     Pop.  in  1890,  6629. 

Connemarn,  kon'ne-mir'rg,  (i.e.  "the  bays  of  the 
ocean"),  a  district  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Galway,  occupying  its 
AV.  portion,  about  30  miles  in  length,  and  from  15  to  20 
miles  in  breadth.  It  consists  chiefly  of  mountains  and 
bogs,  interspersed  with  many  small  lakes  and  bays. 

Con'ncr  Creelt,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of 
Baker  co.,  Oregon,  3  miles  from  Snake  River.  It  has  a 
quartz-mill  for  gold,  which  is  found  here. 

Cbnnerny  or  Konnern,  kon'nem,  a  walled  town  of 
Prussian  Sa.xony,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Ilallc.     Pop.  4168. 

Con'nero  (or  Con'necross)  Creek,  South  Carolina, 
runs  southeastward  in  Oconee  co.,  and  enters  the  Kioweo 
River  in  Anderson  co. 

Con'ner's  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich., 
in  Gross  Point  township,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Detroit.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Connersville,  kon'n?rz-vIl,  a  post-hamlet  of  JefTer- 
ion  CO.,  Ala.,  8  miles  from  Elyton.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Connersville,  a  city  of  Indiana,  the  capital  of  Fayette 
CO.,  is  on  the  Whitewater  River  and  Canal,  in  Connersville 
township,  about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Richmond,  and  60  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Cincinnati,  0.  It  is  on  the  Cincinnati  &  White- 
water Valley  Railroad,  at  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Fort  Wayne, 
Muncie  k  Cincinnati  Railroad,  and  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamil- 
ton &,  Indianapolis  Railroad.  It  has  a  fine  court-house,  7 
churches,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  a  woollen-factory,  2 
cigar-factories,  gas-works,  flour-mills,  a  foundry,  2  machine- 
•ihops,  3  manufactories  of  furniture,  and  1  of  rotary  blowers. 
Two  weekly  and  2  dadly  newspapers  are  published  here. 
Pop.  in  1890,  4548. 

Connersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Decatur  co.,  Kansas, 
60  miles  N.  of  Hill  Gove,  or  Buffalo  Railroad  Station. 

Connersville,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  co.,  Ky., 
about  25  miles  N.  of  Lexington.     It  has  2  churches. 

Connersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dunn  co.,  Wis.,  18 
iniles  N.  of  Knapp. 

Con'nor,  a  decayed  episcopal  city  of  Ireland,  oo.  of 
Antrim,  18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Belfast.     Pop.  255. 

Con'nor,  a  post-village  in  Cardwell  co.,  Ontario,  11 
miles  from  Albion.  It  contains  a  woollen-factory  and  a 
tannery.     Pop.  160. 


Con'Dor*8  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyandotte  oo., 
Kansas,  on  the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  Missouri  Paoifio 
RailroaJd,  II  miles  S.E.  of  Leavenworth. 

Co'no,  a  township  of  Buchanan  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  576. 

Cono,  a  township  of  Iowa  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  2;!4. 

Conocochca(;ue,  kon'o-ko-chig',  a  post-hamlet  of 
Washington  co.,  Md.,  on  Conocooheague  Creek,  4  miles  N. 
of  Williamsport.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Conococheague  (or  Conecochcaguc)  Creek  ii 
formed  by  its  East  and  West  Branches,  which  drain  Franklin 
CO.,  Pa.,  and  unite  3  or  4  miles  N.  of  th»  southern  boundary 
of  that  state.  It  runs  southward,  and  enters  the  Potouiic 
River  at  Williamsport,  M<l. 

Conol'oway  Creek  rises  in  Fulton  co..  Pa.,  runs 
southward  through  Maryland,  and  enters  the  Potomac  River 
at  Hancock  Station  on  the  Baltimore  &,  Ohio  Railroad. 

Conon,  a  river  of  Scotland.    See  Conan. 

Con^oqucncs'siuj;,  a  post-township  of  Butler  co..  Pa., 
about  26  miles  N.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  3  churches.  Pop. 
1051. 

Conot'ten,  Connot'ton,  or  Dfas'tersvillc,  a  post- 
village  of  Harrison  co.,  0.,  on  Conotton  Creek,  and  on  the 
Columbus  A  Pittsburg  Railroad,  38  miles  W.  of  Steubcnville. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  broom-factory,  and  2  stores.  Pop.  about 
200.    The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Connotton. 

Conotten  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  in  Harrison  co.,  runs 
northwestward  through  Carroll  Co.,  and  enters  the  Tusca- 
rawas River  about  8  miles  N.  of  New  Philadelphia. 

Con'over,  a  post-hamlet  of  Culmar  township,  Winne 
shiek  CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Rail- 
road, at  the  junction  of  the  Ceoorah  Branch,  11  miles  S.W. 
of  Decorah. 

Conover,  a  post-village  of  Catawba  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Western  North  Carolina  Railroad,  in  Newton  township,  3 
miles  N.  of  Newton.  It  has  4  stores,  and  manufactures  of 
furniture,  wagons,  Ac. 

Conover,  a  post-hamlet  of  Miami  co.,  0.,  on  the  Colum- 
bus, Chicago  A  Indiana  Central  Railroad,  10  miles  £.  of 
Pigua.     It  has  a  church. 

Conowingo,  kon-o-wing'go,  a  post-village  of  Cecil  co., 
Md.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the 
Columbia  A  Port  Deposit  Branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road, about  38  miles  N.E.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  a  hotel,  a 
warehouse,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  bridge  over  the  river.    P.  lOU. 

Conquerall  (koN<>^kd,'r3,ir)  Bank,  a  post-village  in 
Lunenburg  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  La 
Have  River,  4  miles  from  Bridgewater.     Pop.  150. 

Conques,  k6.vk,  a  town  of  France,  in  Aude,  6  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Carcassonne,  on  the  Orbiel.     Pop.  1557. 

Conques,  a  town  of  France,  in  Aveyron,  24  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Rodez.     Pop.  1220. 

Cou'quest,  or  Conquest  Centre,  a  post-village  of 
Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  is  in  Conquest  township,  about  15  miles 
N.  by  W.  from  Auburn.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  172S. 

Conquista,  a  town  of  Brazil.     See  VicroniA. 

Conrad,  a  town  of  Khiva.    See  Kungrad. 

Cou'rad  Grove,  a  post- village  of  Grundy  co.,  Iowa,  12 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Eldora  Junction.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  157. 

Con'rad's,  a  station  in  Camden  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Wil- 
liamstown  Railroad,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Atco. 

Conrad's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Middlesex  co.,  Va. 

Conradsreuth,  Bavaria.     Konradshkuth. 

Con'roe,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Montgomery  co., 
Tex.,  26  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Montgomery.  It  has  3  churcbe?, 
saw-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  500. 

Consabrum,  or  Consaburum,  ancient  names  of 

CONSUEGRA. 

Conseca,  kon-si'ki,  or  Couscea,  koo-si'i,  a  town 
of  Sierra  Leone,  150  miles  E.S.E.  of  Free  Town. 

Conse'con,  a  post-village  of  Prince  Edward  co.,  On- 
tario, at  the  mouth  of  the  Consecon  River,  22  miles  W.  of 
Belleville.  It  is  a  fishing-station,  has  good  water-power, 
and  several  mills,  stores,  churches,  and  hotels.     Pop.  600. 

Conseguina,  kon-sA-ghee'ni,  or  Cosiguina,  ko-sce- 
ghee'ni,  formerly  Quisiguina,  ke-se-ghee'ni,  a  volcano 
of  Nicaragua,  on  a  promontory  on  the  S.  side  of  the  Gulf  of 
Conchagua,  about  10  miles  from  the  Pacific  Ocean.  The 
verge  of  the  crater,  which  is  half  a  mile  in  diameter,  is  ele- 
vated about  3800  feet  above  the  mean  level ;  thence  the  in- 
terior walls  fall  perpendicularly  to  a  depth  of  about  200  feet. 
The  last  eruption  of  this  volcano  occurred  in  January,  1835. 

Conselice,  kon-sfil'e-chd,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
24  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ferrara.  It  has  a  trade  in  rice,  corn, 
and  hemp.     Pop.  6308. 

Conselve,  kon-sfil'vi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
12  miles  S.  of  Padua.     Pop.  4440. 


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Consentia,  the  ancient  name  of  C!osenza. 
Con'sett,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  12  miles  W.  by 
N.  of  Durham,  at  a  railway  junction.     It  has  coal-mines 
and  iron-works.     Pop.  5961. 

Con'shohock'en,  a  post-borough  of  Montgomery  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Schuylkill  River,  3  miles  below  Norristown,  and 
on  the  Philadelphia  &  Norristown  Kailroad,  13  miles  N.W. 
of  Philadelphia,  at  the  junction  of  the  Plymouth  Branch. 
The  Reading  Railroad  has  a  station  (West  Conshohocken) 
on  the  S.W.  side  of  the  river.  It  has  a  bridge  across  the 
river,  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  6  churchei,  8 
rolling-mills,  3  cotton-mills,  2  boiler-shops,  surgical-in- 
strument works,  planing-mills,  tube-works,  stone-quarries, 
2  stone-crushers,  and  a  manufactory  of  Phcenix  stone,  a 
material  for  building  and  pavements.  Pop.  in  1890,  5470. 
Constable,  kiin'sta-b'l,  a  township  of  Franklin  co., 
N.Y.,  joins  Canada.  Pop.  1586.  See  East  Constable:  and 
West  Constable. 

Constablevillc,  a  post-village  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y., 
in  AVest  Turin  township,  on  a  small  afiiuent  of  Black  River, 
14  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Lowville,  and  5  miles  W.  of  Lyons 
Falls  Station.  It  has  5  churches,  a  graded  school,  and 
manufactures  of  pumps,  sash,  blinds,  &c.     Pop.  712. 

Con'stance  (Ger.  Conntanz,  Konstanz,  kon-stints',  or 
Cost'hitz;  anc.  Constan'tia),  a  fortified  city  of  the  grand 
duchy  of  Baden,  capital  of  a  circle,  on  the  S.W.  shore  of 
the  Lake  of  Constance,  at  the  efflux  of  the  Rhine,  30  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Schaff  hausen.  It  is  highly  picturesque  in  its 
architecture.  Its  chief  edifices  are  a  magnificent  cathedral, 
founded  in  the  eleventh  century,  the  Kauf  haus,  in  which 
the  famous  Council  of  Constance  sat  from  1414  to  1418, 
an  ancient  palace,  a  grand-ducal  residence,  various  con- 
ventual establishments,  and  a  theatre.  One  of  its  suburbs 
is  connected  with  it  by  a  fine  railway  bridge  across  the 
Rhine.  It  has  manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  watches,  silk 
fiibrios,  rubber  goods,  and  cigarettes.  Market-gardening 
and  navigation  occupy  many  of  the  inhabitants.  Constance 
is  one  of  the  oldest  towns  in  Germany.  It  was  formerly  a 
free  imperial  town,  but  fell  under  the  ban  of  the  empire  in 
1548,  and  in  1549  was  annexed  to  Austria,  which  ceded  it 
to  Baden  in  1810.  In  the  fifteenth  and  sixteenth  centuries 
the  population  was  30,000.  It  has  now  decreased  to  15,000, 
mostly  Roman  Catholics.     See  Lake  of  Constance. 

Con'stance,  a  post-office  of  Boone  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  7  miles  below  Cincinnati.     Here  is  a  church. 

Con'stance,  or  Kin'burn,  a  post-village  in  Huron 
CO.,  Ontario,  6  miles  from  Seaforth.     Pop.  100. 
Constantia,  the  ancient  name  of  Coutances. 
Constantia,  kon-stan'she-a,  a  village  of  the  Cape  Col- 
ony, South  Africa,  at  the  B.  base  of  the  Table  Mountain,  12 
miles  S.  of  Cape  Town,  celebrated  for  its  wine. 

Constantia,  kon-stan'she-a,  a  post-village  of  Oswego 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Oneida  Lake,  in  Constantia 
township,  and  on  the  New  York  &  Oswego  Midland  Rail- 
road, 34  miles  E.S.E.  of  Oswego,  and  about  16  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Syracuse.    It  has  2  or  3  churches.    Pop.  587.    The  town- 
ship contains  a  village  named  Cleveland,  and  has  manufac- 
tures of  leather,  lumber,  and  glass.     Total  pop.  3491. 
Constantia,  Delaware  co.,  0.    See  CHESHinE. 
Constantia   Centre,   a  post-hamlet  of  Oswego  co., 
N.Y.,  3  miles  N.  of  Bernhard's  Bay.     It  has  a  church. 
Constantiana,  the  ancient  name  of  Kt;sTENDJi. 
Constantina,  kon-stin-tee'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  40 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Seville,  near  the  Sierra  de  Constantina. 
Pop.  7801.     It  is  defended  by  a  strong  castle.     Near  it  are 
argentiferous  lead-mines.     The  Sierra  de  Constantina,  be- 
tween Andalusia  and  Estremadura,  is  connected   E.  with 
the  Sierra  Morcna,  and  gives  rise  to  the  Ardilla,  an  affluent 
of  the   Guadiana,  and  to  the   Huelva,  an  affluent  of  the 
Guadalquivir. 

Constantine,  kon^stinHeen',  or  Constantina,  kon- 
stdn-tee'ni  (anc.  Cir'ta),  a  fortified  city  of  Algeria,  capital 
of  a  department  of  the  same  name,  54  miles  by  rail  S.W. 
of  Philippeville,  on  a  detached  height,  1698  feet  above  the 
sea,  surrounded  on  three  sides  by  ravines,  one  of  which  is 
crossed  by  an  ancient  Roman  bridge.  Lat.  36°  22'  21"  N. ; 
Ion.  6°  37'  E.  Pop.,  exclusive  of  fortress,  45,000,  of  whom 
C500  are  Europeans.  Mean  temperature  of  year,  63°. 5 
Fahr. ;  winter,  51°  ;  summer,  74°.  It  has  a  hospital,  Roman 
remains,  and  a  citadel  on  the  site  of  the  ancient  Numidian 
fortress,  barracks,  2  colleges,  a  Mohammedan  seminary,  Ac, 
with  manufactures  of  woollens,  saddlery,  and  leathern  goods, 
an  export  trade  by  rail,  and  an  active  trade  with  the  country 
southward  by  caravan.  Constantine  occupies  the  site  of 
Cirta,  which  was  in  ancient  times  a  great  city  and  capital 
of  Nuniidia.  It  was  ravaged  in  the  year  311,  but  was  re- 
nuilt  by  Constantine,  whose  name  it  took.  It  is  a  bishop's  see. 


Constantine,  the  northeasternmost  and  most  populous 
of  the  French  departments  in  Algeria.  Area,  107,302  square 
miles.  Capital,  Constantine.  Pop.  in  1886  of  civil  terri* 
tory,  1,369,153;  of  military  districts,  197,266. 

Constantine,  kon'stan-tin\  a  village  of  England,  Corn- 
wall, 5  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Helstone.     Pop.  of  parish,  2093. 

Constantine,  kon'stan-tin\  a  hamlet  of  Breckcuridgs 
CO.,  Ky.,  8  miles  from  Muldraugh.     It  has  a  church. 

Constantine,  a  post-village  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  St.  Joseph  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Fawn  River,  in 
Constantine  township,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore  <fe  Michigan 
Southern  Railroad,  124  miles  E.  of  Chicago,  10  miles  S.W. 
of  Centreville,  and  33  miles  S.  of  Kalamazoo.  It  has  5 
churches,  2  national  banks,  a  graded  school,  3  flour-mills,  a 
foundry,  and  manufactures  of  farm- implements,  chairs,  fur- 
niture, sash,  blinds,  and  harness.  A  weekly  newspaper  ia 
published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1346. 

Constantinogorsk,  or  Konstantinogorsk,  kon- 
stin-tee^no-gorsk',  a  fortress  of  Russia,  Terek  district,  Cis- 
caucasia, 21  miles  S.W.  of  Georgievsk.     It  has  warm  springs. 

Constantinograd,  or  Konstantinograd,  kon- 
stdn -tee' no-grid',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  40 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Poltava.     Pop.  4079. 

Constantinople,  kon-stan-te-no'p'l  (Turk.  Slambool, 
Stamboul,  stUm-bool',  or  Istamhool,  latumboul,  is-tim-bool', 
in  common  language,  and  Coustantinieh,  kon-stin-tc-nee'^h, 
in  documentary  writing;  modern  Gr.  htampoli,  is-tim'po- 
le;  anc.  Gr.  Koii'aTai'TU'djroAis ;  Ij.  Coniitantinop'oli»,i.f;.,i\ka 
"  city  of  Constantino"),  a  celebrated  city  of  Turkey  in 
Europe,  capital  of  the  Ottoman  Empire,  in  lat.  41°  0'  18" 
N.,  Ion.  28°  59'  15"  E.,  situated  on  a  declivity  or  scries  of 
gentle  hills,  at  the  E.  extremity  of  a  triangular  promontory 
of  the  province  of  Roumelia,  having  the  Sea  of  Marmora 
and  the  Bosporus  on  the  S.  and  E.,  and  the  Golden  Horn, 
an  inlet  of  the  latter,  on  the  N,  It  is  thus  surrounded  by 
water  on  all  sides  except  the  W.,  and  has  a  sea-front  al- 
together of  about  8  miles  in  extent.  Taking  the  form  of 
the  ground  on  which  it  stands,  the  city  is  triangular  in 
shape,  its  apex  projecting  into  the  Bosporus,  and  its  base, 
a  lofty  double  wall  4  miles  in  length,  stretching  across 
the  promontory  from  the  Sea  of  Marmora  to  the  Golden 
Horn.  Each  of  the  sides  is  about  3|  miles  in  length,  and 
within  these  limits  the  whole  of  the  city  proper  is  in- 
cluded. On  the  opposite  side  of  the  Golden  Horn,  and  also 
occupying  the  extremity  of  a  promontory,  sometimes  called 
the  Peninsula  of  Pera,  are  situated  the  extensive  suburbs 
Galata,  Pera,  and  Tophana,  and  on  the  opposite  shore  of 
the  Bosporus  stands  the  important  commercial  suburb  of 
Scutari.  The  appearance  of  the  city  from  without  is  ex- 
tremely picturesque  and  imposing,  with  its  mosques,  cupolas, 
and  minarets,  interspersed  with  lofty  cypresses,  and  its  port 
crowded  with  shipping;  but  within  it  consists  mostly  of  a 
labyrinth  of  crooked,  ill-paved,  and  dirty  lanes,  and  a  crowd 
of  low-built  and  small  houses,  formed  of  wood  or  roughly 
hewn  stone.  Its  drainage  is  favored  by  its  uneven  and 
sloping  site,  as  well  as  by  a  great  number  of  public  foun- 
tains, which  amply  supply  the  city  with  water  brought  from 
artificial  tanks  constructed  at  some  distance.  This  capital, 
including  its  suburbs,  contains  14  royal  and  nearly  500  other 
mosques  and  mesjids  or  chapels,  183  hospitals,  36  Christian 
churches,  several  synagogues,  130  public  baths,  and  upwards 
of  200  khans  or  inns,  besides  many  bazaars  and  coffee-nouses. 
Seraglio. — On  the  extreme  N.E.  point  of  the  promontory 
on  which  the  city  stands,  and  on  the  site  of  ancient  Byzan- 
tium, is  situated  the  Seraglio,  the  former  palace  of  the  sul- 
tans. With  its  gardens  and  groves,  it  includes  an  area  of 
about  3  miles  in  circumference,  and  is  washed  by  the  sea 
for  two-thirds  of  its  extent.  Having  been  enlarged  and 
altered  at  various  periods,  according  to  the  taste  or  caprice 
of  the  princes  and  sultans,  it  now  consists  of  a  conglomera- 
tion of  buildings  clustering  together  without  order  or  de- 
sign. Its  apartments,  however,  are  spacious  and  richly 
furnished.  At  the  principal  entrance  is  a  large  and  lofty 
gate,  called  Babi  Humayon,  the  "  high  door"  or  "  sublime 
porte,"  from  which  has  been  derived  the  well-known  diplo- 
K.atic  phrase,  all  political  business  being  supposed  to  be 
transacted  under  this  portal.  Within  the  precincts  of  the 
palace  is  the  celebrated  Divan,  and  the  harem,  with  the 
"  Garden  of  Delight,"  in  which  are  numerous  gorgeous 
parterres,  pavilions,  and  sparkling  fountains. 

Immediately  outside  of  the  Seraglio  stands  St.  Sophia, 
the  principal  mosque  of  the  Mohammedan  world,  and  the 
finest  example  of  the  Byzantine  stylo,  originally  built  as  a 
Christian  church  by  Justinian  between  531  and  538,  and 
converted  into  a  mosque  by  Mohammed  II.  in  1453.  It  is 
in  the  form  of  a  Greek  cross,  269  feet  in  length  by  143  feet 
in  breadth,  and  is  surmounted  by  a  flattened  dome  ISO  feet 


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la  height,  beiidM  sevoral  minor  oupolu  and  4  minarotfl. 
It*  walU  are  briolc,  but  the  interior  is  lineal  with  costly 
marbles  and  adorned  with  nnciont  Dyxantine  paintings  nnd 
deoorations,  while  the  temples  of  lleliopolis,  Deles,  Baalboo, 
and  Athens  wore  plundered  to  add  to  its  splendors.  The 
effeet,  however,  wiis  greatly  injured  by  numerous  Turltish 
inieriptions  on  the  walls  and  the  introduction  of  a  mul- 
titude of  insignificant  and  inharmonious  ornaments.  It 
waa  restored  by  Fossati  in  1849.  Among  other  principal 
mosques  may  l>e  noted  those  of  Achmct,  of  Solyman  the 
Magnificent,  of  Mohammed  II.,  of  Bajazet,  and  the  Velide 
mosque,  built  by  the  mother  of  Mohammed  IV.,  the  last  con- 
taining pillars  brought  from  the  supposed  ruins  of  ancient 
Troy.  Most  of  the  greater  mosques  have  colleges,  and  almost 
ail  have  charitable  institutions,  named  imaruts,  attached  to 
them,  which  latter  serve  at  once  as  poor-houses  and  hospitals. 

The  public  schools  are  of  three  classes.  (1.)  Primary  dis- 
trict schools  for  boys  and  girls,  in  which  the  pupils  are 
taught  to  read,  write,  and  cipher,  nnd  to  recite  the  Koran. 
(2.)  Provincial  schools  of  a  higher  order,  for  boys  only.  (.3.) 
The  mosque  colleges,  or  Medresseh,  for  the  study  of  theology 
and  law.  In  1867  a  lyceum  was  estivblished  by  Saltan 
Abdul-Aziz,  in  which  a  liberal  education  is  afforded,  and 
more  recently  a  university  has  been  associated  with  it. 
Besides  these  there  are  special  government  schools,  the 
chief  being  the  military,  naval,  and  artillery  schools,  the 
school  of  engineering,  the  medical  school,  and  the  school 
for  the  managers  of  woods  and  forests.  There  is  also  a 
training-school  for  teachers;  and  schools  for  the  soldiers  are 
attached  to  the  various  barracks.  Constantinople  now  pos- 
sesses several  libraries  and  museums.  In  the  vicinity  is 
Robert  College,  an  excellent  institution  under  American 
management. 

The  bazaars  for  the  eale  of  wares  are  fire-proof  buildings 
lighted  from  above.  They  are  extensive  and  well  supplied. 
Among  the  chief  ornaments  of  the  city  arc  its  cemeteries. 
The  principal  antiquities  are  the  "burnt  column,"  origi- 
nally erected  by  Constantine  the  Great,  the  column  of 
Arcadius,  the  pillar  of  Marcian,  vestiges  of  the  Boucoleon 
Palace,  built  by  Theodosius  II.,  the  aqueduct  of  Valens,  and 
various  subterranean  cisterns. 

The  city  proper  comprises  several  quarters, — as  those  for 
the  Jews,  Armenians,  and  Greeks.  The  Greek  quarter,  the 
"  Fanar,"  extends  along  the  shore  of  the  port  or  the  "  Golden 
Horn."  This  fine  harbor  lies  between  the  city  and  its  sub- 
urbs Pera  and  Galata,  extending  for  about  4i  miles  inland 
in  a  northwesterly  direction,  and  varying  in  breadth  from 
1  to  4  furlongs.  It  is  deep  enough  to  float  ships  of  the 
largest  size,  and  is  crossed  by  two  bridges  of  boats  which 
unite  the  Fanar  with  the  northern  suburbs.  The  trade  of 
Constantinople  is  carried  on  chiefly  by  foreigners.  The 
imports  consist  of  corn,  iron,  timber,  tallow,  and  furs  from 
the  Black  Sea  and  Russia;  cotton  stuffs,  yarn,  woollens, 
silks,  metallic  goods,  watches,  &o.,  from  Western  Europe ; 
com  and  coffee  from  Alexandria ;  sugar  from  the  East  and 
West  Indies;  and  porcelain,  wax,  copper,  overland  from 
China.  The  exports  consist  of  silks,  carpets,  hides,  wool, 
goats'  hair,  potash,  galls,  yellow-berries,  linseed,  madder, 
valonia,  and  bones.  The  other  manufactures  are  morocco 
leather,  saddlery,  shoes,  meerschaum  pipes,  <feo.  Large 
nnmbers  of  cherry-trees  are  grown  near  the  city  for  the 
manufacture  of  pipe-tubes.  The  number  of  sailing-vessels 
entered  in  1876  was  35,2.35,  with  a  tonnage  of  2,267,914, 
and  of  steamships,  3876,  with  a  tonnage  of  2,701,387.  A 
railway  now  unites  Constantinople  with  Adrianople,  and 
another  joins  Scutari  with  Ismid.  Galata  is  the  principal 
seat  of  commerce.  It  is  here  that  the  merchants  of  all 
nations  have  their  stores  and  counting-houses.  Scutari  is 
the  rendezvous  of  caravans  from  Persia,  Armenia,  Ac,  and 
the  seat  of  the  principal  corn-warehouses  and  manufactures 
of  Turkish  silk  and  cotton  goods.  Constantinople  is  the 
Bee  of  Greek,  Armenian,  and  Latin  patriarchs,  the  latter 
non-resident;  and  there  are  also  "civil  patriarchs,"  ap- 
pointed by  the  Sublime  Porte  to  represent  the  leading 
Christian  churches  of  the  East. 

The  streets  of  Constantinople  are  generally  dull  and 
deserted,  all  bustle  and  animation  being  confined  to  the 
bazaars.  Many  houses  have  no  windows  to  the  street,  but 
only  a  long,  narrow,  dingy  door,  and  where  there  are  any 
windows  these  are  latticed  and  closed.  Gas  has  been  intro- 
duced, especially  in  Pera.  Towards  evening  the  coffee- 
houses are  thronged,  but  at  sunset  the  Turks  retire  to  their 
homes.  A  great  number  of  ownerless  dogs  range  the  streets, 
acting  as  scavengers.  The  climate  is  variable  and  the  tem- 
perature subject  to  great  variations.  The  mean  tempera- 
ture of  the  year  is  56°  Fahr. ;  winter,  40°;  summer,  71°. 
From  extreme  antiquity  Constantinople  has  been  the  seat 


of  a  lucrative  tunny-flsbery,  and  to  this  its  importance  wm 
for  a  long  time  very  largely  due.  The  fortifications  of  the 
city  were  extended  and  reconstructed  in  1878,  at  the  end 
of  the  Russian  occu])ation. 

Constantinople  was  originally  founded  by  Byzas,  b.c.  666, 
and  rebuilt  by  Constantine,  a.d.  328.  No  city  in  the  world 
has  stood  so  many  sieges,  and  yet  it  has  only  been  twiee 
taken,  namely,  in  1204  by  the  Crusaders,  and  in  1453  by 
Mohammed  II.  Pop.  in  1884,  873,666,  comprising  Turks, 
Greeks,  Armenians,  Franks,  Jews,  and  miHcellaiieuus. 

Constantinople,  Channel  of.    See  liosroitus. 

Constantinov,  or  Konstantinow,  kon-st&n'tee- 
nov',  or  Staro  (stA'ro)  Constantinov,  i.e.,  "Old  Con- 
stantinov,"  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Yolhynia,  on  the  river 
Slootoha,  80  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Zhitomcer.  It  is  the  scat  of 
some  manufactures  and  of  a  large  trade.     Pop.  16,606. 

Constantinus,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Cotentin. 

Constanz,  a  German  name  of  Constance. 

Cou'stine  Bridge,  a  hamlet  on  the  Syracuse,  Che- 
nango <t  New  York  Railroad,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Cazenovia. 

Constitucion,  La  Constitucion,  1&  kon-ste-too> 
se-On',  or  Maule,  mdw'li,  a  town  of  Chili,  capital  of  th« 
province  of  Maule,  on  the  sea,  115  miles  N.E.  of  Concep- 
cion.  It  is  at  the  mouth  of  the  navigable  river  Maule. 
Pop.  in  1889,  32,195. 

Constitni^fto,  kon-ste-too-e-s5wN<>',  a  town  of  Brazil, 
115  miles  N.E.  of  Sao  Paulo,  on  the  Piracicaba.    Pop.  2500. 

Con^stitu'tion,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  0., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Rail- 
road, midway  between  Parkersburg  and  Marietta.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  stone-quarry,  Ac. 

Constitution,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co..  Pa.,  is  on 
Mason  A  Dixon's  Line,  28  miles  S.S.E.  of  York. 

Consuegra,  kon-soo-i'gr4  (anc.  Coimn' bruvi  or  Conia- 
bu'rum),  a  town  of  Spain,  proWnce  and  36  miles  S.E.  of 
Toledo.  Pop.  6870.  It  has  manufactures  of  coarse  wool- 
lens, and  remains  of  an  ancient  castle  and  various  Roman 
antiquities. 

Cons'Tille,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Mo.,  in  Osage 
township,  10  miles  S.  of  Clinton.     It  has  3  churches. 

Contai,  or  Kanthi,  k9n-ti',  a  town  of  Bengal,  lat.  21*' 
48'  N.,  Ion.  87°  64'  E.,  65  miles  S.W.  of  Calcutta,  and  5 
miles  from  the  sea.  ' 

Contan^agur',  or  Kantanagar,  a  town  of  Bengal, 
district  and  14  miles  N.  of  Dinagepoor.  It  was  formerly  a' 
place  of  note,  and  contains  one  of  the  finest  temples  in  Ben- 
gal.   It  has  a  good  trade.    Lat.  26°  44'  N. ;  Ion.  88°  43'  E.- 

Contarina,  kon-tl-ree'n4,  a  town  of  Italy,  29  miles  S. 
of  Venice,  on  the  Po.     Pop.  5598. 

Contas,  Brazil.    See  llio  de  Contas. 

Con'tee's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Prince  George's 
CO.,  Md.,  on  the  Washington  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  A 
Ohio  Railroad,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Washington,  D.C. 

ConHent',  a  hamlet  of  Colorado  co.,  Tex.,  3  miles  from' 
Weimar  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Contentnea,  kon-tent'nee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Green* 
CO.,  N.C.,  on  Contentnea  Creek,  about  5  miles  from  Snow 
Hill.     It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  grist-mill. 

Contentnea,  a  township  of  Pitt  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  2118. 

Contentnea  (or  Contentny,  kon-tent'nee)  Creek, 
North  Carolina,  runs  southeastward,  drains  parts  of  John- 
ston, Wilson,  and  Greene  cos.,  and  enters  the  Neuse  River 
about  12  miles  below  Kingston.    It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Contessa,  kon-tSs'si,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  of 
Palermo,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Corlcone.     Pop.  3201. 

Contes'sa,  a  village  of  European  Turkey,  in  Roumclia, 
on  the  N.  shore  of  the  Gulf  of  Orphano,  which  is  sometimes 
called  the  Gulf  of  Contessa. 

Conthey,  k6No*ti',  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Valais,  3  miles  W.  of  Sion,  near  the  Rhone.     Pop.  2299. 

Conti,  a  town  of  France.     See  Contv. 

Contich,  kon'tiK,  a  village  of  Belgium,  at  a  railway 
junction,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Antwerp.  Pop.  3940.  It  has 
manufactures  in  hats  and  leather,  and  trade  in  horses. 

Con'tin,  a  parish  and  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ross, 
5  miles  S.W.  of  Dingwall.     Pop.  1660. 

Con'toocook  River,  New  Hampshire,  rises  in  Chesh- 
ire CO.,  runs  northward  through  Hillsborough  co.  and  north- 
eastward in  Merrimack  co.,  and  enters  the  Merrimac  River 
8  miles  above  Concord.     It  is  nearly  80  miles  long. 

Contoocook  Village,  a  post-village  of  Merrimack 
CO.,  N.H.,  in  Hopkinton  township,  on  the  Contoocook  River, 
and  on  the  Concord  A  Claremont  Railroad,  at  the  junction 
of  the  Contoocook  River  Branch,  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Con- 
cord. It  has  an  academy,  2  churches,  a  mineral  spring, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber,  mackerel-kits,  wood  handles, 
and  silk.     Here  is  a  fine  dairy. 


w 


CON 


947 


COO 


ConHoy',  or  Log'gerhead,  an  island  off  the  coast 
of  Yucatan,  16  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Cape  Catoche.  Lat.  21° 
32'  N. :  Ion.  86°  49'  W. 

Con'tra  Cos'ta,  a  county  of  California,  has  an  area 
of  about  800  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by 
Suisun  and  San  Pablo  Bays,  on  the  N.B.  by  the  San  Joa- 
quin River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Bay  of  San  Francisco. 
The  surface  is  diversified  by  mountains,  plains,  swamps,  and 
fertile  valleys.  Its  most  prominent  physical  feature  is 
Mount  Diablo,  a  peak  of  the  Coast  Range.  Wheat,  barley, 
and  hay  are  the  staple  products  of  the  soil.  This  county 
has  good  raagnesian  limestone,  and  the  most  important  coal- 
mines of  the  state.  Copper  also  has  been  found  here.  A  por- 
tion of  this  county  is  covered  with  forests  of  oak.  The 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad  enters  it  at  Point  Isabel,  in  the 
S.W.  corner,  and  passing  through  Martinez,  the  capital, 
extends  along  the  N.  to  Antioch,  from  whence  it  runs  S.E, 
Poi).  in  1870,  8461;  in  1880,  12,525;  in  1890,  13,615. 

tontrari'eties  Island,  in  the  Pacific,  one  of  the 
Solomon  Islands.     Lat.  9°  49'  S.;  Ion.  162°  ,3'  E. 

Contrecflcur,  k6xt'r*kuR',  a  post-village  in  Vercheres 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  30  miles 
below  Montreal,  contains  a  church,  4  stores,  and  a  hotel. 
Its  chief  trade  is  in  country  produce  and  in  maple-sugar. 
Pop.  of  parish,  1813. 

Contrcras,  kon-tri'ris,  a  battle-field  of  Mexico,  14 
miles  S.  of  the  capital.  The  battle  was  fought  August  18 
and  19,  1847,  between  the  United  States  forces  under  Gen- 
eral Scott  and  a  division  of  the  Mexican  army,  commanded 
by  General  Valencia,  resulting  in  the  complete  dispersion 
of  the  Mexican  forces. 

Contre'ras,  a  post-ofiSce  of  Butler  co.,  0. 

Contreras  (kon-tri'rls)  Islands,  a  group  of  small 
islands  in  the  Pacific,  near  the  coast  of  Guatemala.  Lat. 
7°  60'  N. ;  Ion.  82°  W, 

Contres,  kftst'r,  a  town  of  France,  in  Loir-et-Chcr,  14 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Blois.     Pop.  1670. 

Contrexeville,  k6N°Hr6g'ziVeel',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Vosges,  1 4  miies  S.W.  of  Mirecourt,  on  the  Vaire.  It  has 
a  celebrated  establishment  of  mineral  waters.     Pop.  728. 

Controguerro,  kon-tro-gwJu'Ro,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Teramo.     Pop.  2039. 

Controne,  kon-tro'nd,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Salerno,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Campagna.     Pop.  1672. 

Contursi,  kon-toon'see,  a  town  of  Italy,  proviAoe  and 
26  miles  E.  of  Salerno,  on  the  Sele.    Pop.  3009. 

Contwig,  a  village  of  Bavaria.     See  Kovtwig. 

Contwoy-To,  kon-twoi'-to\  or  Rum  Lake,  a  lake 
of  Canada,  in  the  country  of  the  Copper  Indians,  inter- 
sected by  the  parallel  of  65°  35'  N.  and  the  meridian  of 
111°  50'  W. 

Conty,  or  Conti,  k6N°Hee',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Romme,  12i  miles  S.S.W.  of  Amiens,  on  the  Seille.    P.  980, 

Conucon,  Sierra,  Guiana.    See  Sierra  Coyocox. 

Conve'nience,  a  post-office  of  Independence  co.,  Ark. 

Convenience,  a  post-ofl[ice  of  Fayette  co.,  0. 

Con'vent,  a  post-village,  the  capital  of  St.  James 
parish.  La.,  on  the  left  or  E.  bank  of  the  Mississippi  River, 
about  65  miles  above  New  Orleans.  It  extends  3  miles 
along  the  river.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.  It  has  2  churches,  a  convent,  Jefi"erson  College,  and 
a  tobacco-factory. 

Convent  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J., 
in  Chatham  township,  on  the  Morris  &  Essex  Railroad,  about 
2  miles  N.W.  of  Madison.  It  has  a  church  and  a  large 
convent  of  sisters  of  charity. 

Conversano,  kon-vfiR-si'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Bari,  19  miles  S.E.  of  Bari.  Pop.  10,656.  It  is  enclosed 
by  decayed  walls,  defended  by  a  Norman  castle.  Chief 
edifices,  a  fine  cathedral,  several  convents,  a  bishop's  palace, 
diocesan  seminary,  hospital,  and  foundling  asylum.  A 
brisk  trade  is  carried  on  in  wine,  oil,  almonds,  and  cotton. 

Converse,  Miami  co.,  Ind.    See  Xesia. 

Con'verse,  or  Convers,  a  post-ofiice  and  station  of 
Clinton  co..  Mo.,  on  the  railroad  between  Richmond  and 
Plattsburg,  42  miles  S.E,  of  St.  Joseph. 

Converse,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bexar  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Oalveston,  Harrisburg  &  San  Antonio  Railroad,  13  miles 
E.  of  San  Antonio.     Here  is  a  church. 

Convil-Cayo,  kon-vil-ki'yo,  a  village  of  Wales,  co. 
of  Carmarthen,  7^  miles  N.W.  of  Llandovery, 

Con'vis,  a  township  of  Calhoun  co.,  Mich,     Pop.  941. 

Con'voy,  a  post-village  of  Van  Wert  co.,  0.,  in  Tully 
township,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  <fc  Chicago  Rail- 
road, 7  miles  W,  of  Van  Wert.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded 
•chool,  2  carriage-shops,  2  saw-mills,  manufactures  of  tiles 
ft&d  staves,  &o. 


Con'wa,  a  post-village  of  Taylor  co.,  Iowa,  7  miles  by 
rail  N.E.  of  Bedford.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  high 
school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  379. 

Con'way,  or  Conwy,  kon'wee,  a  river  of  North  Wales, 
flows  mostly  N.N.W.,  and  joins  Beaumaris  Bay  11  miles 
E.  of  Beaumaris.     Length,  30  miles, 

Conway,  or  Ab'er  Con'way,  a  town  of  Wales,  co. 
of  Carnarvon,  on  the  estuary  of  the  above  river,  here 
crossed  by  a  noble  tubular  suspension  bridge,  327  feet  in 
length,  on  the  Chester  <fc  Holyhead  Railway,  13  miles  E.N.E. 
if  Bangor.  It  occupies  a  steep  slope,  and  is  enclosed  by 
embattled  walls,  with  towers  and  gateways,  still  in  good 
repair.  The  castle,  built  by  Edward  I.,  on  a  precipitous 
rock,  is  one  of  the  grandest  feudal  fortresses  remaining  in 
Britain.     Pop.  of  town,  1862 ;  of  borough,  2620. 

Con'way  or  Middle  River,  a  small  river  of  Vir- 
ginia, flowing  into  the  Rapidan  on  the  boundary  between 
Greene  and  Madison  cos. 

Couway,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Arkansas, 
has  an  area  of  about  550  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.  by  the  Arkansas  River,  and  is  drained  by  Cadron  and 
other  creeks.  The  surface  is  partly  covered  by  extensive 
forests;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  tho 
Little  Rock  &  Fort  Smith  Railroad.  Capital,  Morrillton. 
Pop.  in  1870,  8112;  in  1880,  12,755;  in  1890,  19,459. 

Conway,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Faulkner  co..  Ark., 
31  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Little  Rock.  It  has  a  bank,  8 
churches,  2  academies,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  machine-shop, 
and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  1207. 

Conway,  a  post-village  of  McPherson  co.,  Kansas,  6 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  McPherson.  It  has  a  church,  a  creamery, 
and  a  public  school.     Pop.  150. 

Conway,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  30  miles 
N.  by  W.  from  Springfield,  It  has  a  national  bank,  a  high 
school,  a  woollen-mill,  a  cotton -factory,  and  3  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1451. 

Conway,  a  post-village  of  Leake  co..  Miss.,  15  miles 
S.  of  Kosciusko.     It  has  2  churches. 

Conway,  a  post-hamlet  of  Laclede  co..  Mo.,  17  miles 
by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Lebanon,  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  300. 

Conway,  a  post-villnge  and  summer  resort  of  Carroll 
CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Saco  River,  132  miles  N.  of  Boston,  and 
21  miles  N.  of  Ossipee.  It  has  several  hotels.  The  town- 
ship presents  beautiful  scenery, 

Conway,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Horry  co.,  S.C,  on 
the  Waccamaw  River,  about  100  miles  N.N.E.  of  Charles- 
ton. It  is  the  southern  terminus  of  the  Wilmington, 
Cbadburn  &  Conway  Railroad,  and  has  5  churches,  a  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  naval 
stores.     Pop.  in  1890,  677. 

Conway  Centre,  a  station,  Carroll  co.,  N.H.,  55  miles 
from  Portland,  Me. 

Conway  Junction,  a  station  in  York  co..  Me.,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Portsmouth,  Saco  A,  Portland  Railroad  and 
the  Portsmouth,  Great  Falls  <t  North  Conway  Railroad,  10 
miles  N.  of  Portsmouth,  N.H. 

Conway  Springs,  a  post-villnge  of  Sumner  co.,  Kan- 
sas, 27  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Wichita.  It  has  6  churches, 
3  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  a  normal  college,  and  a  publio 
school.     Pop.  in  1890,  681. 

Conwy,  a  river  of  Wales.    See  Conway, 

Con'yers,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Rockdale  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  Georgia  Railroad,  31  miles  E.S.E.  of  Atlanta.  It  has 
8  churches  (3  colored),  a  high  school,  a  female  college,  2 
banking-houses,  27  brick  business-houses,  and  manufac- 
tures of  furniture,  sash,  blinds,  Ac.  Two  weekly  news- 
papers are  published  here.     Pop.   1349. 

Con'yersville,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Tenn.,  12 
miles  N. of  Paris,  and  about  110  miles  W.N.W.  of  Nashville. 
It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Conyngham,  kun'ning-ham,  a  township  of  Columbia 
CO.,  Pa,,  in  the  Shamokin  coal-field.  Pop,  1943,  excluding 
Centralia. 

Conyngham,  a  post-village  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Hazleton  division  of  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  4  miles 
N.W.  of  Hazleton,  and  about  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Wilkes- 
barre.  It  contains  3  churches,  2  hotels,  3  stores,  and  about 
50  bouses. 

Conza,  kon'zi  (anc.  Comp'aa),  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Avellino,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Sant'  Angelo  dei  Lom- 
bards It  has  a  cathedral,  an  archbishop's  palace,  and  a 
diocesan  seminary.     Pop.  1703. 

Coobcabia,  Coubcabia,  or  Cubcabia,  koob-ki'- 
be-i,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Darfoor,  in  a  fertile  district,  41 
miles  W.  of  Cobbe.   Lat.  14°  N. ;  Ion.  26°  30'  E,   It  has  long 


coo 


948 


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been  Mlebr»t«d  for  iU  oommeroe  In  ooarse  cotton  oloth  and 
in  iMithern  Mok«. 

Cooch  Bahar^  or  Kuch  Debar,  kooch  b^'han' 
(>»tiv«,  Nij  liahar,  no<y  b^'haR'),  a  native  state  of  India,  in 
Bengal.  Lat.  25°  67'  40"-2(J°  32'  20"  N. ;  Ion.  88°  47'  40"- 
8'J°  54'  35"  E.  Area,  1292  square  miles.  It  is  govorned 
by  a  rajah,  who  pays  tribute  to  the  Uritish.  It  is  mostly 
a  fertile  plain.  The  doininiint  race  is  called  Koch,  or  Raj- 
baniee,  and  is  generally  regarded  as  Mongolian.  Capital, 
Coooh  Uubar.     Pup.  d:i2,505.  ' 

Cooch  Uahnr«  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the  above. 
Lat.  26°  !»'  25"  N.;  Ion.  89°  29'  13"  E.  It  has  a  brick 
palace,  a  di>«pcnsary,  a  public  library,  and  a  printing-oiBoe, 
but  is  mostly  com|>oaod  of  mat  huts.     Pop.  3433. 

Cooch  ilahar,  a  oollectorship  of  Bengal.  See  Raje- 
BHAiirE  Cooch  ItAiiAit. 

Cooch's  Uridge,  a  post-office  of  Now  Castle  co.,  Del., 
and  a  station  on  the  Pcnnssylvania  <fc  Delaware  Railroad,  9 
miles  N.W.  of  Delaware  City. 

Coodio  (koo'd'l)  Creek,  a  township  of  Iredell  CO.,  N.C. 
Pop.  1029. 

Coodoo'nia,  a  river  in  the  N.W.  of  Africa,  in  Soodan, 
rises  in  a  mountainous  district  in  lat.  9°  7'  N.,  Ion.  10° 
£.,  and  falls  into  the  Niger  a  little  N.W.  of  Egga,  in  lat. 
8°  37'  N.,  Ion.  8°  W. 

Coo'gee,  a  town  of  Now  South  Wales,  Australia,  co. 
of  Cumberland,  4  miles  S.  of  Sydney,  of  which  it  is  a 
suburb,  on  a  fine  bay  of  the  same  name. 

Coogle's  (koo'gl'z)  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Macon  co.,Ga. 

Cook,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an  area 
of  about  000  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
Lake  Michigan,  is  intersected  by  the  Des  Plainos  River, 
and  is  also  drained  by  the  Chicago  River.  The  surface 
is  partly  level,  and  partly  undulating  prairie,-  the  soil  is 
deep  and  very  fertile.  Oats,  Indian  corn,  hay,  butter,  and 
potatoes  are  the  ^aple  products.  About  one-third  of  the 
county  is  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  hickory,  ash, 
elm,  black  walnut,  and  several  species  of  oak  are  found. 
Silurian  limestone,  a  good  material  for  building,  quarried 
at  Athens,  and  hence  called  "Athens  marble,"  underlies 
his  county.  This  stone,  which  is  used  for  ornaiuentul 
architecture  in  Chicago,  is  of  a  light-drab  or  pale-yellow 
color.  The  county  is  intersected  by  important  railroads, 
terminating  at  Chicago,  which  is  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
349,966;  in  1880,  607,524;  in  1890,  1,191,922. 

Cook,  a  county  comprising  the  triangular  N.E.  corner 
of  Minnesota,  between  the  British  possessions  and  Lake 
Superior,  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Lake  co.     Pop.  in  1890,  98. 

Cook,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Neb. 

Cook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  0.,  12  miles  by  rail 
N.E.  of  Washington  Court -House. 

Cooke,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area 
of  about  800  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Red 
River,  and  is  drained  by  several  head-streams  of  Trinity 
River.  The  surface  is  extensively  covered  with  forests ;  the 
soil  is  fertile.  Cattle,  Indian  cum,  and  pork  are  the  chief 
products  of  this  county.  Capital,  Gainesville.  Pop.  in 
1870,  6315;  in  1880,  20,391 ;  in  1890.  2"4,696. 

Cooke's  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burleson  co.,  Tex., 
14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bryan. 

Cooke'ville,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Putnam  co., 
Tenn.,  69  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Lebanon.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  tobacco-factory,  an  axe-handle 
factory,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  469. 

Cook  Inlet,  in  Alaska,  is  between  lat.  68°  and  61°  N., 
Ion.  151°  and  154°  W.,  opposite  the  island  of  Kadiak. 
Length,  from  S.  to  N.  130  miles;  breadth,  70  miles. 

Cook  Islands,  or  Hervey  Archipelago,  in  Poly- 
nesia, S.W.  of  the  Society  Islands,  between  the  Archipel- 
ago of  Tonga  on  the  W.  and  Tahiti  on  the  E.  The  prin- 
cipal are  Mangaia,  Atioo,  Ilervey,  and  Raratonga.  Many 
of  the  people  have  been  converted  to  Christianity  by  Eng- 
lish missionaries.     Pop.  7600. 

Cook'ley,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Worcester,  3 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Kidderminster.     It  has  iron-works. 

Cook'port,  a  post-hamlet  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa.,  16  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Indiana.     It  has  a  planing-raill,  a  saw-mill,  &e. 

Cook's,  a  station  in  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.,  on  the  East 
Broad  Top  Railroad,  27  miles  from  Mount  Union. 

Cooks'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  28 
miles  S.W.  of  Albany. 

Cooksbnrg,  a  post-village  of  Forest  co..  Pa.,  in  Bar- 
net  township,  on  the  Clarion  River,  about  30  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Oil  City.     It  has  2  churches  and  1  or  2  mills. 

Cook's  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  N.Y. 

Cook's  Corners,  a  hamlet  in  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Midland  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Oneida.     Here  are 


a  grist-mill,  a  church,  and  a  cheese- factory.  Pup.  about  100. 
Here  gypnuni  is  obtained  and  ground. 

Cook's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Huron  co.,  0.,  In  Ridga. 
field  township,  3  miles  from  Moorooville.  It  has  a  churoh 
and  a  plough-factory. 

Cook's  Corners,  Ontario.    See  Chariko  Cnoss. 

Cook's  Falls,  a  station  in  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  on  th« 
Midland  Railroad,  39  miles  S.E.  of  Walton. 

Cook'shirc,  the  chief  town  of  the  county  of  Cbrop. 
ton,  Quebec,  on  the  Eaton  River,  13  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of 
Lennoxville.  It  contains,  besides  the  county  buildings,  a 
starch-factory,  a  sash-  and  door-factory,  3  saw-milli,  a 
carding-mill,  and  3  churches.     Pop.  400. 

Cook's  Inlet,  Alaska.     See  Cook  Inlbt. 

Cook's  Landing,  apost-officeofTishemingo CO.,  Miss. 

Cook's  Mills,  a  nost-hamlet  of  Coles  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Okaw  River,  8  miles  N.  of  Mattoon.  It  has  a  churcli,  a 
district  school,  and  manufactures  of  brick  and  tile. 

Cook*8  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Washington  «t  Baltimore  Railroad,  and  on  the 
Bedford  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  9  miles  N. 
of  Cumberland,  Md. 

Cook's  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Fayette  co..  Pa.,  in  Red- 
stone  township,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Layton's  Station.    It  has 

2  churches,  a  woollen-mill,  a  flour-mill,  and  20  houses. 
Cook's  Mills,  Ontario.    See  Cuowlandvillb. 
Cook's  Run,  a  station   on  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie 

Railroad,  37  miles  W.  of  Lock  Haven,  Pa. 

Cook's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Mo., 
on  the  St.  Louis,  Salem  &  Little  Rock  Railroad,  15  miles 
S.  of  Steelville.     It  has  a  church. 

Cooks'town,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Tyrone,  on  the 
Ballinderry,  5  miles  by  rail  S.AV.  of  Moncymore.  Pop.  3301. 
It  has  a  large  Gothic  church,  a  court-house,  a  union  work- 
house,  a  bank,  a  market-house,  and  a  linen  hall. 

Cooks'town,  a  post-village  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  in 
New  Hanover  township,  on  the  railroad  between  Mount 
Holly  and  Hightstown,  17  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mount  Holly. 
It  has  a  churcn,  a  public  school,  and  manufactures  ut'  uui> 
riages  and  of  whiskey. 

CookstOAvn,  Fayette  co..  Pa.    See  Fayette  City. 

Cookstown,  or  Perry's  Corners,  a  post-village 
in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  8  miles  W.  of  Gilford.  It  contains 
several  stores,  churches,  and  hotels.     Pop.  600. 

Cook  Strait,  in  New  Zealand,  separates  the  two  prin- 
cipal islands.     Named  after  its  discoverer.  Captain  Cook. 

Cook's  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Wabasha  co.,  Minn., 
5  miles  (direct)  S.  of  Wabasha,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
It  has  a  general  store. 

Cook's  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Chippewa  co..  Wis., 
15  miles  (direct)  N.W.  of  Chippewa  Falls,  the  capital  of 
the  county.     It  has  2  general  stores. 

Cooks'ville,  a  post-village  of  Heard  co.,  Qa.,  7  miles 
(direct)  S.  by  E.  of  Franklin. 

Cooksville,  a  post-village  of  Howard  co.,  Md.,  2i 
miles  from  Hood's  Mill  Railroad  Station,  which  is  34  miles 
W.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  2  general  stores  and  3  churches. 

Cooksville,  a  post-village  of  Noxubee  co..  Miss.,  on 
the  Noxubee  River,  about  40  miles  S.  of  Columbus.     It  haa 

3  churches,  a  steam  cotton-gin,  and  a  stcam-inill. 
Cooksville,  a  post-village  of  Rock  co.,  Wis.,  18  miles 

S.S.E.  of  Madison.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  Ac. 

Cooksville,  a  post-village  in  Peel  co.,  Ontario,  3  miles 
from  Port  Credit,  and  16  miles  S.W.  of  Toronto.  It  cou- 
tains  several  saw-mills,  stores,  and  vineyards.     Pop.  400. 

Cooksville,  New  Brunswick.    See  North  Lake. 

Cook'town,  oneof  the  most  important  ports  of  Queens- 
land, on  the  Endeavor  River.  It  has  a  custom-house,  and 
constant  communication  with  the  neighboring  colonics  and 
with  Europe  by  three  lines  of  ocean  steamers.  Pop.  3000 
white  and  6000  Chinese. 

Cook'ville,  a  post-office  of  Woodson  co.,  Kansas. 

Cookville,  a  post-village  of  Titus  co.,  Tex.,  S  miles  by 
rail  E.  by  N.  of  Pleasant.  It  has  3  church  organizations, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  <feo.     Pop.  200. 

Cool,  a  station  in  Susquehanna  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Mon- 
trose Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Montrose. 

Cool  Bank,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co..  III. 

Coolbaugh,  kool'baw,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  great  Pocono  plateau,  crossed  by  the  Delaware,  Lack- 
awanna &  Western  Railroad.     Pop.  1028. 

Coolbaugh's,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Pa. 

Coo'ley's,  a  station  in  Franklin  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Whitewater  Valley  Railroad,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Harrison. 

Coo'lcysviile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steele  co.,  Minn.,  12 
miles  S.  of  Owatonna. 

Coo'Ieyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  in 


coo 


949 


COO 


New  Salem  townsn'p,  5  miles  W.S.W.  of  New  Salem  Station. 
It  has  2  stores. 

Coolgraney,  kool-gr4'nee,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Wexford,  3  miles  S.S.W.  of  Arklow. 

(Joo'lidge,  a  post-village  of  Humilton  co.,  Kansas,  15 
miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  public  school.     Pop.  472. 

Coo'lin  (or  Cnchnllin,  koo  Koo'lin)  Hills,  a  range 
of  wild,  romantic  hills,  Scotland,  in  the  Isle  of  Skye,  extends 
from  the  head  of  Scavaig  Bay  in  a  N.W.  direction.  Scuir- 
na-Gillean,  at  the  N.B.  extremity  of  the  range,  is  estimated 
to  be  upwards  of  3200  feet  high. 

Cooloo,  Kooloo,  or  Kula,  kooMoo',  a  region  in 
India,  between  lat.  31°  20'  and  33°  N.  and  Ion.  76°  40'  and 
78°  35'  B.,  lying  at  the  foot  of  the  Himalaya  Mountains. 

Coolscamp,  kols^kimp',  a  village  of  Belgium,  prov- 
ince of  West  Flanders,  14  miles  S.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  2564. 
Cool  Spring,  a  post-ofBce  and  station  of  Sussex  co., 
Del.,  on  the  Junction  <fc  Breakwater  Railroad,  7  miles  W. 
of  Lewes. 

Cool  Spring,  a  post-office  of  AVilkinson  co.,  Ga. 

Cool  Spring,  a  township  of  La  Porte  CO.,  Ind.    P.  1328. 

Cool  Spring,  a  hamlet  of  Lafayette  co..  Mo.,  12  miles 
N.  of  Kingsville.     It  has  a  church. 

Cool  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C.,  in 
Cool  Spring  township,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Statesville.  It  has 
an  academy  and  10  residences.     Pop.  of  the  township,  711. 

Cool  Spring,  township,  AVashington  co.,  N.C.    P.  1561. 

Cool  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co..  Pa.,  10 
miles  S.  of  Brookville.  It  has  a  grist-mill,  a  saw -mill,  and 
15  residences. 

Cool  Spring,  a  township  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.  Cool 
Spring  Station  is  on  the  Shenango  &  Alleghany  Railroad, 
6  miles  N.  of  Mercer.     Pop.  865. 

Cool  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Horry  co.,  S.C,  18  miles 
S.  of  Nichols  Depot.     It  has  2  churches. 

Cool  Springs,township,  Rutherford  CO.,  N.C.  P.  1031. 

CooI'ville,  a  post-village  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  in  Troy 
township,  on  the  Hocking  River,  about  24  miles  S.W.  of 
Marietta.  It  has  3  churches.  It  is  2  miles  from  Coolvillo 
Station,  which  is  on  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  13 
miles  AV.  by  S.  of  Belpre.     Pop.  334. 

Cool  Well,  a  post-office  of  Amherst  co.,  Va. 

Coomas'sie,  the  capital  of  Ashantee,  in  Guinea,  120 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Cape  Coast  Castle.  Lat.  6°  34'  50"  N. ; 
Ion.  2°  12'  W.  It  stands  in  a  wooded  valley  environed  by 
swamps,  and  has  in  active  trade  with  Central  Africa.  It 
was  burned  by  thi  British  in  1874.     Pop.  about  50,000. 

Coombia,  a  town  of  India.     See  Cumly. 

Coo'mer,  a  post-hamlet  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  in  New- 
fane  township,  7  miles  N.  of  Lockport. 

Coomer  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Newfane  township,  on  the  Lake  Ontario  Slioro  Railroad, 
18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lewiston.  Large  quantities  of  apples 
and  peaches  are  shipped  here. 

Coomp'tah,  or  Coom'tah,  written  also  Knmtc,  a 
town  of  India,  North  Canara  district,  on  the  W.  coast,  330 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Bombay.  It  has  many  fine  warehouses  and 
dwellings,  and  ships  much  cotton.     Pop.  10,290. 

Coon  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Anoka  co.,  Minn.,  and  a 
station  on  the  Mississippi  River  Branch  of  the  St.  Paul  & 
Pacific  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Anoka. 

Coon^dapoor',  a  town  of  India,  presidency  of  Bom- 
bay, district  of  Canara,  on  the  Malabar  coast,  63  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Mangalore. 

Coonewar,  koo'ne-war',  a  post-office  of  Lee  oo..  Miss., 
7i  miles  W.  of  Tupelo. 

Cooney,  koo'nee,  a  post-mining  camp  of  Socorro  co., 
New  Mexico,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Alma.  It  has  mines  of 
gold,  silver,  and  copper.     Pop.  368. 

Coon  Forks,  a  hamlet  of  Eau  Claire  co.,  Wis.,  6  miles 
from  Augusta. 

Coon  Island,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Wheeling,  Pittsburg  &  Baltimore  Branch  Railroad, 
at  Vienna  Station,  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Wheeling. 

Coon  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vernon  co., 
Wis.,  24  miles  S.E.  of  La  Crosse.     It  has  a  church. 

Coon  Rapids,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Middle  Coon  (or  Raccoon)  River,  22  miles  by  rail  E.  of 
Manning,  and  39  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Carroll.  It  has  4 
churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures 
of  wagons,  brooms,  and  flour.     Pop.  in  1890,  873. 

Coon  River,  Iowa.     See  Raccoon  River. 

Coon's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co..  Pa., 
about  6  miles  (direct)  N.  by  W.  of  Meadville. 

Coon's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Boone  co.,  W.  Va.,  10 
miles  (direct)  E.  by  N.  of  Madison. 


Coonsville,  New  York.     See  MAJfCHESTEU  Cextbe. 

Coons'ville,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co.,  Va. 

Coon  Val'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vernon  co..  Wis.,  13 
miles  S.E.  of  La  Crosse.     It  has  a  church. 

Coopang,  a  town  in  Timor  Island.    See  Coepaxo. 

Coop'er,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Missouri,  has 
an  area  of  about  550  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  the  Missouri  River,  intersected  by  the  La  Mine  River, 
and  also  drained  by  Little  Siiline  and  Moniteau  Creeks.  The 
surftxce  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  hills  or  undulations 
of  moderate  height,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests 
of  white  oak,  blue  ash,  hickory,  elm,  sugar-maple,  white 
ash,  wild  cherry,  Ac.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
is  rich  in  minerals,  viz.,  bituminous  coal  of  good  quality, 
lead,  iron,  marble,  hydraulic  limestone,  and  Lower  Silurian 
limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  a  branch  of  the  Missouri 
Pacific  Railroad,  and  by  the  Missouri,  Kansas  <fc  Texas  Rail- 
road. Capital.  Boonville.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,692;  in  1880, 
21,596;  in  1890,  22,707. 

Cooper,  a  post-office  of  St.  Francis  co..  Ark. 

Cooper,  a  post-office  of  Hart  co.,  Ga. 

Cooper,  a  township  of  Sangamon  co..  III.     Pop.  785. 

Cooper,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tazewell  co..  111.,  on  the  Chi- 
cago, Pekin  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  17  miles  N.E.  of 
Pt'kin.     Here  is  an  elevator  for  grain. 

Cooper,  a  post-villn.ge  of  Greene  co.,  Iowa,  10  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Jefferson.  It  has  general  stores  and  business 
houses.     Bop.  100. 

Cooper,  a  post-township  of  Washington  co.,  Me.,  about 
15  miles  S.W.  of  Calnis.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  360. 

Cooper,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Cooper  township,  on  the  Kalamazoo  River,  and  on  the  Lake 
Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  and  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana 
Railroads,  6  miles  N.  of  Kalamazoo,  and  19  miles  S.E.  of 
Allegan.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1294, 

Cooper,  a  township  of  Gentry  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1498. 

Cooper,  a  station  in  Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  11  miles  S.W. 
of  AVoodbury,  on  the  Delaware  Shore  Railroad. 

Cooper,  a  post-village  of  Passaic  co.,  N.J.,  43  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  New  York  City,  and  5  miles  N.AV.  of  Ring- 
wood  Junction. 

Cooper,  a  township  of  Montour  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  414. 

Cooper,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVilliamsburg  co.,  S.C,  14 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Kingstree,  the  capital  of  the  county.  It 
has  2  general  stores. 

Cooper,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Delta  co.,  Tex.,  about 
60  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sherman.  It  has  6  churches,  a  bank,  3 
newspaper  offices,  a  literary  institution,  Ac.     Pop.  629. 

Cooper,  a  post-haralet  of  Albany  co.,  AVyoming,  on 
Laramie  River,  and  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  29  miles 
N.  of  Laramie,  near  a  lake  of  the  same  name,  with  no  outlet. 

Cooper,  or  Allen  Settlement,  a  post-village  in 
Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  on  Black  Creek,  43  miles  N.  of  Belle- 
ville.    Pop.  100. 

Coop'erdale,  a  village  of  Cambria  co.,  Pa.,  in  Taylor 
township,  about  60  miles  E.  of  Pittsburg.     Pop.  246. 

Cooper  Island,  in  the  British  AVest  Indies,  Virgin 
Islands,  is  an  islet  5  miles  S.E.  of  Tortola. 

Cooper  Point,  a  headland  on  the  E.  coast  of  Aus- 
tralia,.    Lat.  17°  20'  S.;  Ion.  145°  50'  E. 

Cooper  River,  South  Carolina,  rises  in  Charleston  co., 
runs  southward  to  the  city  of  Charleston,  and  unites  with 
the  Ashley  River  to  form  Charleston  Harbor. 

Cooper's,  Alabama.     See  Cooper's  Station. 

Cooper's,  a  station  in  Monterey  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  South- 
ern  Pacific  Railroad,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Castroville. 

Cooper's,  a  post-village  of  Mercer  co.,  AV.  Va.,  3  miles 
N.E.  of  Pocahontas,  Va.  It  has  2  churches,  and  coal-mines. 
Pop.  about  700. 

Coop'ersburg,  a  post-borough  of  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  North  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  44  miles  N.  of  Phila- 
delphia. It  has  4  churches,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  3  carriage-shops.     Pop.  in  1890,  454. 

Cooper's  Creek,  New  Jersey,  drains  part  of  Camden 
CO.,  runs  northwestward,  and  enters  the  Delaware  River  at 
the  upper  end  of  the  city  of  Camden.  Its  lower  part  is 
navigable,  the  tide  ascending  the  stream  some  8  miles. 

Cooper's  Creek,  or  Bar^coo'  River,  in  Southwest- 
ern Queensland,  flows  for  several  hundred  miles  in  a  south- 
westerly course,  and  discharges  its  scanty  waters  into  the 
salt  lakes  Gregory  and  Eyre. 

Cooper's  Falls,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y., 
in  De  Kalb  township,  on  the  Oswegatchie  River,  about  10 
miles  S.AV.  of  Canton.     It  has  a  blast-furnace  for  iron. 

Cooper's  Gap,  a  township  of  Polk  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  797. 

Cooper's  Hill,  Osage  co.,  Mo.    See  Leachvillb. 


<300 


950 


COP 


Cooper*a  Mill*,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  oo.,  Me.,  on 
8hec|>«<;ott  River,  in  Whitefield  township,  13  inilea  E.S.R. 
of  August*.  It  has  2  churches,  a  luuiber-mill,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  oarriage-shop. 

Cooper's  Plains,  a  post-village  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Conhueton  River,  and  on  the  Erie  lUilrood,  5  tuilos 
N.W.  of  Corning.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  chair-factory. 

Coop'erstown,  a  post-village  of  Brown  oo.,  III.,  in 
Oooperstown  township,  ii  miles  E.  of  Mount  Sterling,  and 
■bout  28  miles  N.W.  of  Jacksonville.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
plough -factory,  and  several  stores.  Pop.  about  SOU ;  of  the 
township,  1466. 

Cooperstowtif  a  post-village,  capital  of  Otsego  oo., 
N.Y.,  is  pleasantly  situated  at  the  south  end  of  Otsego  Lake, 
on  the  Susquehanna  River.  It  is  nbout  36  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Utica,  and  60  miles  (direct)  W.  of  Albany.  It  is  the  north 
terminus  of  the  Cooporstown  A,  Charlotte  Valley  Railroad, 
which  connects  with  the  Albany  &  Susquehanna  Railroad. 
It  contains  6  churches,  2  national  bnuKs,  a  union  school, 
an  academy,  an  orphan  asylum,  a  hospital,  and  printing- 
ofSces  which  issue  3  weekly  newspapers.  Cooper,  the  emi- 
nent novelist,  resided  at  this  place.     Pop.  in  189U,  2657. 

CooperstoWD,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Griggs  co., 
N.D.,  36  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Sanborn,  and  115  miles  N.W. 
of  Fargo.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a 
creamery.     Pop.  in  189(1,  368. 

Cooperstown,  a  post-borough  of  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  on 
Sugar  Creek,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Oil  City,  and  18  miles  S.E. 
of  Meadville.  It  has  several  mills  for  flour  an^  lumber,  a 
woollen-factory,  an  academy,  and  2  churches.    Pop.  264. 

Cooperstown,  a  post-village  of  Manitowoc  co.,  Wis., 
In  Cooperstown  township,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Manito- 
woc.    It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1714. 

Cooperstown  Junction,  a  hamlet  in  Otsego  co., 
■N.Y.,  on  the  Albany  <fe  Susquehanna  Railroad,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Cooperstown  A  Susquehanna  Valley  Railroad. 
It  has  a  church,  and  is  adjacent  to  Collibrrville. 

Coop'crsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Ky.,  25 
miles  S.W.  of  Point  Isabel.    It  has  a  tannery  and  a  grist-mill. 

Coopersville,  a  post-village  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Polkton  township,  on  the  Detroit  &  Milwaukee  Railroad,  15 
miles  N.W.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  newspaper  oQicc,  and  manufactures  of  leather  and 
lumber.     Pop.  about  500. 

Coopersville, or  Corbean,  kor-bo',  a  post-village  of 
Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Charaplain  township,  on  the  Chazy  or 
Champlain  River,  and  on  the  New  York  &  Canada  Railroad, 
20  miles  N.  of  Plattsburg,  and  1  or  2  miles  W.  of  Lake 
Chnmplain.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  stores. 
Grain  and  hay  are  shipped  here.     Pop.  205. 

Coopersville,  a  hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Genesee  Valley  Canal,  2  miles  N.  of  Nunda.  It  has  a  grist- 
mill.    Pop.  about  40. 

Coopersville,  a  hamlet  and  shipping-point  of  Pike 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Scioto  River,  and  on  the  Ohio  Canal,  1  mile 
from  Wetmore  Post-Offiee,  and  17  miles  N.  of  Portsmouth. 
Lumber  is  shipped  here.     It  has  2  churches. 

Coop'er's  Wells,  a  watering-place  of  Hinds  co..  Miss., 
4  miles  S.E.  of  Raymond.  The  water  has  reputation  in 
various  diseases,  and  is  extensively  patronized. 

Coop'ertown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Robertson  co.,  Tenn., 
about  8  miles  S.W.  of  Springfield.     It  has  a  church. 

Coop'erville,  a  hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  in  Sads- 
bury  township,  2i  miles  from  Christiana  Station. 

Coops'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  about 
7  miles  N.W.  of  Belair.     It  has  general  stores. 

Coop'wood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Winston  co..  Miss.,  10 
miles  (direct)  S.  by  E.  of  Louisville.  It  has  3  general 
stores.    Pop.  about  100. 

Coorg,  or  Curg,  koorg,  a  province  of  India,  under  the 
direct  control  of  the  Governor-General.  Area,  2000  square 
miles.  It  is  the  smallest  and  least  densely  peopled  of  the 
JJritish  provinces  in  India  proper.  It  is  bounded  by  Mysore 
and  the  Mal.abar  and  South  Canara  districts.  Lat.  11°  56'- 
12°  46'  N.;  Ion.  75°  25'-76°  13'  E.  Coffee  is  a  leading 
product.  It  is  a  very  mountainous  and  rainy  region,  with 
largo  forests,  and  a  comparatively  cool  climate.  Its  domi- 
nant people,  the  Coorgs,  are  of  Dravidian  race.  Capital, 
Mercara.     Pop.  in  1881,  178,302;  in  1891,  172,630. 

Co'os,  a  synonym  for  Cos. 

Coos,  ko'Os',  a  large  county,  forming  the  N.  extremity 
of  New  Hampshire,  borders  on  Canada  and  Maine.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Connecticut  River  (which  rises 
in  the  northern  part  of  the  county),  is  intersected  by  the 
Androscoggin,  and  partly  drained  by  the  Ammonoosuo 
River.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  and  abounds  in  pic- 
turesque and  grand  scenery.    Among  its  prominent  features 


is  Mount  Washington,  the  highest  peak  of  the  White  Moun- 
tains. Granite  is  abundant  here.  A  large  part  of  the 
county  is  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  8ugar-ma)>lc  and 
pine  are  found.  The  staple  productions  are  notutoes,  hay, 
butter,  and  oats.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railway.  Capital,  Lancaster.  Pop.  in  1670, 14,932; 
in  1880,  18,680;  in  1890,  23,211. 

Coos,  koos,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Oregon,  has  nn 
area  of  about  1250  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W. 
by  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  is  drained  by  the  Coos  and  Co- 
quille  Rivers.  The  surface  is  partly  mountainous,  and  is 
extensively  covered  with  forests  of  cedar,  fir,  ash,  Ac.  The 
Umpqua  Mountain  range  extends  along  the  eastern  l>order 
of  tnis  county.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  produces  good  pas- 
ture. Lumber  is  the  chief  article  of  export.  Coal  is  found 
here.  The  western  section  of  the  county  is  partly  trav- 
ersed by  a  local  railroad,  the  Coos  Ray,  Roseburg  A  Eastern 
Railroad,  which  extends  8.  from  Marshfield  on  Coos  liay 
to  Coquille  on  the  Coquille  River.  Capital,  Empire  City. 
Pop.  in  1870,  1644;  in  1880,4834;  in  1890.  8874. 

Coos,  koos,  a  small  river  of  Coos  co.,  Oregon,  rises  in 
the  Umpqua  Mountains,  runs  northwestward,  and  enters 
the  Pacific  Ocean  through  Coos  Bay. 

Coos,  kotos',  a  post-village  in  Stratford  township,  Coos 
CO.,  N.ll.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  18  miles  by  rail  N.  of 
Lancaster  (North  Stratford  Station).  It  has  3  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber. 

Coo'sa,  a  river  which  is  formed  by  the  junction  of  the 
Etowah  and  Oostcnaula  Rivers,  at  Rome,  in  Georgia.  It 
runs  westward  into  Cherokee  co.,  Ala.,  and  thence  south- 
westward  to  Shelby  co.,  and,  flowing  finally  toward  the  south, 
it  forms  the  eastern  boundary  of  Shelby  and  Chilton  cos. 
and  the  western  boundary  of  Coosa  co.,  and  unites  with  the 
Tallapoosa  River  to  form  the  Alabama  River,  about  10  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Montgomery.  It  is  about  350  miles  long.  Some 
parts  of  it  are  navigable  by  small  steamboats. 

Coosa,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Alabama,  has 
an  area  of  about  750  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
W.  by  the  Coosa  River.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly,  and  is 
extensively  covered  with  forests  ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton, 
Indian  corn,  pork,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  Marble 
and  fine  statuary  granite  are  found  here.  The  Central  Rail- 
road of  Georgia  crosses  its  northeastern  part.  Capital,  Rock- 
ford.    Pop.  in  1870, 11,946;  in  1880, 16,113  ;  in  1890, 16,906. 

Coosa,  a  post-hamlet  of  Floyd  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Coosa 
River,  about  1 3  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Rome.  It  has  3  churches. 
Pop.  about  200. 

Coosada  (koo-s&d'a)  Station,  a  post-office  of  Elmore 
CO.,  Ala.,  about  10  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Montgomery. 

Coo'saw,  a  post-hamlet  of  Beaufort  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
Coosaw  River,  10  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Beaufort.  It  has  a 
chapel.     Phosphate  is  mined  and  shipped  here. 

Coo'sawat'tee,  a  post-hamlet  o£^  Gordon  co.,  Qa.,  on 
the  Coosawattee  River,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Spring  Place. 

Coosawattee  River,  Georgia,  rises  in  Gilmer  co., 
runs  southwestward  into  Gordon  co.,  and  unites  with  the 
Connasauga  River  about  9  miles  N.E.  of  Calhoun.  The 
river  formed  by  this  junction  is  the  Oostenaula. 

Coo^sawhatch'ie,  a  township  of  Beaufort  co.,  S.C. 
Pop.  2573.  Coosawhatchie  Station  is  on  the  Savannah  & 
Charleston  Railroad,  61  miles  W.S.W.  of  Charleston. 

Coos  (koos)  Bay,  on  the  coast  of  Oregon,  is  an  impor- 
tant port  for  the  exportation  of  coal.  Its  entrance  N.  of 
Cape  Arago  is  in  lat.  43°  20'  38"  N.,  Ion.  124°  22'  W.  Its 
bar  is  not  passable  for  vessels  drawing  over  14  feet  of  water. 
The  country  on  its  banks  is  broken  and  densely  timbered, 
and  furnishes  coal  (a  lignite)  which  is  among  the  best  on 
the  Pacific.  Empire  City,  Marshfield,  and  Coaledo  are  near 
this  bay. 

Coos  City,  Coos  co.,  Oregon.    See  Empire  City. 

Coosima,  or  Koosima,  koo-8ee'm&,  written  also 
Kosima  and  Koshima,  a  small  volcanic  island  in 
Japan,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Strait  of  Sangar.  Lat.  41° 
21'  N.;  Ion.  139°  46'  E. 

Coo^soo',  or  Koo^soo',  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Yarriba, 
N.  of  the  Kong  Mountains.     Lat.  9°  N. ;  Ion.  4°  45'  E. 

Cootehill,  koot'hill,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Cavan, 
23  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Dundalk.     Pop.  1851. 

Coote's  (koots)  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham 
CO.,  Va.,  15  miles  N.  of  Harrisonburg,  the  capital  of  the 
county.     It  has  general  stores  and  business  houses. 

Copais,  a  lake  of  Greece.     See  Topolias. 

Co^pake',or  Copake  Flats,  a  post-hamlet  of  Colum- 
bia CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Copake  township,  on  the  New  York  A  Har- 
lem and  Rhinebeck  A  Connecticut  Railroads,  105  miles  N. 
of  New  York  City.  It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop. 
of  the  township  in  1890,  1516. 


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Copake  Iron- Works,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  <fc  Harlem  Railroad,  106  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  New  York.     It  has  a  blast-furnace  and  2  churches. 

Co^pal'  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Stanley  co.,  N.C. 

Copan,  ko-p4n',  a  ruined  city  of  Guatemala,  30  miles 
S.  of  Chiquimula.  Its  remains  extend  for  2  miles  along  the 
Copan  River,  an  affluent  of  the  Motagua,  and  comprise  the 
walls  of  a  supposed  temple  624  feet  in  length,  and  many 
pyramidal  structures  with  sculptured  idols  resembling  the 
remains  of  Egyptian  or  Hindoo  art. 

Copano  (ko-pi'no)  Bay,  the  northwestern  arm  of 
Aransas  Bay,  Texas. 

Copaul,  a  town  of  Hindostan.    See  Kopul. 

Copay,  ko-p4',  an  uninhabited  island  of  Scotland,  one 
of  the  Hebrides,  co.  of  Inverness,  in  the  Sound  of  Harris. 

Cope,  kop,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind. 

Cope,  Belmont  CO.,  0.     See  Fahmington. 

Copeland,  kop'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dodge  co.,  Qa., 
about  5  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Abbeville.     Pop.  100. 

Copeland,  a  post-office  of  Surry  co.,  N.C. 

Copeland,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Copeland  Islands,  kop'land  il'andz,  a  small  group  on 
the  N.W.  coast  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Down,  off  the  S.  side  of 
the  entrance  to  Belfast  Lough.  On  Cross  Island,  5  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Donaghadee,  is  a  light-house,  lat.  54°  4'  44" 
N.,  Ion.  5°  32'  W. 

Copeley,  kop'le,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  111.     P.  1219. 

Copenhagen,  ko-p§n-hi'gh§n  (Dan.  Kjobenhavn, 
kyii'b^n-hown^,  i.e.,  "  merchants'  haven ;"  Ger.  Kopenhagen, 
ko'p^n-hA'gh^n  ;  Fr.  Copenhague,  ko'p?n-3,g' ;  L.  Ilafnia), 
the  capital  of  Denmark,  and  one  of  the  finest  cities  of 
Northern  Europe,  is  situated  on  the  sound,  chiefly  on  the 
E.  coast  of  Seeland,  but  partly  on  the  island  of  Amager, 
which  is  separated  from  Seeland  by  a  narrow  arm  of  the 
sound,  which  forms  a  harbor  at  once  spacious,  deep,  and 
secure.  Lat.  65°  40'  9"  N.;  Ion.  12°  34'  7"  E.  Copen- 
hagen occupies  a  flat  so  low  as  to  require  to  be  protected  by 
embankments  against  the  Baltic :  its  form  is  that  of  an 
irregular  circle  with  a  diameter  of  about  2  miles  and  a  cir- 
cumference of  rather  more  than  6.  It  was  formerly  a  strong 
fortress,  but  now  the  ramparts  are  cut  through,  the  ditches 
filled  up,  and  the  site  of  the  citadel  planted  with  trees,  so 
that  its  fortifications  are  a  promenade.  Outside  of  the 
city  limits  there  are  large  suburbs.  Though  Copenhagen 
is  an  ancient  town,  in  consequence  of  repeated  conflagra- 
tions the  greater  part  of  its  old  wooden  houses  have  been 
replaced  by  lofty  and  well-built  modern  buildings  of  brick 
or  Norwegian  granite ;  and  in  architectural  character  it 
yields  to  few  European  capitals.  The  W.  portion,  or  old 
town,  consists  generally  of  narrow,  crooked  streets,  lined  by 
mean  and,  in  many  cases,  wooden  houses ;  although  many 
of  the  finest  public  buildings  are  in  this  quarter,  particu- 
larly in  that  division  of  it  called  Slotsholm,  or  Castle  Island. 
The  E.  portion,  or  new  town,  as  well  as  the  part  on  the 
island  of  Amager  (Christianshavn),  is  modern.  The  city 
contains  many  squares  and  markets,  the  principal  square 
being  Kongens  Nytorv  (the  New  King's  Market),  which 
constitutes  the  centre  of  the  city,  no  fewer  than  12  streets 
opening  into  it.  In  its  centre  is  a  colossal  statue  of  Chris- 
tian V.  Its  E.  side  forms  part  of  the  Gothergade,  the  prin- 
cipal thoroughfare  of  the  city  and  containing  the  finest 
shops.  Copenhagen  has  many  noble  buildings,  among 
which  may  be  classed  the  royal  palace  of  Christiansborg, 
an  immense  but  somewhat  clumsy  pile;  the  Rosenborg 
(Castle  of  the  Roses),  where  the  regalia  are  kept,  admired 
for  the  harmony  of  its  lines;  Amalienborg,  the  ordinary 
residence  of  the  royal  family;  Charlottenborg,  now  used  as 
an  academy  of  arts ;  the  town  hall,  and  the  theatre. 
Among  its  churches  are  the  Frue  Kirke,  the  metropolitan, 
adorned  with  sculptures  of  Thorwaldsen  ;  St.  Peter's,  or  the 
German  church ;  Trinity  church,  on  the  round  tower  of 
which  is  placed  the  observatory;  and  the  church  of  Our 
Saviour,  with  a  spire  288  feet  high.  The  university, 
founded  by  Christian  I.  in  1478,  is  also  a  building  worthy 
of  notice.  It  is  well  endowed,  has  40  professors  and  1100 
btudents,  and  its  library  contains  260,000  volumes  and  4000 
MSS.  Attached  to  it  are  a  surgical  academy,  two  obser- 
vatories, a  botanical  garden,  a  polytechnic  institution,  and 
Bome  fine  museums.  Copenhagen  is  the  centre  of  Northern 
literature,  science,  and  art,  and  is  the  seat  of  a  number  of 
societies  for  the  advancement  of  these,  among  which  are 
the  Literary  and  Scientific  Association,  the  Academy  of 
Arts,  and  the  Royal  Society  of  Northern  Antiquities.  The 
royal  library  contains  550,000  volumes  and  30,000  MSS. 
It  is  particularly  rich  in  Northern  literature,  and  among 
the  MS.S.  is  Rask's  unique  Sanskrit  and  Singhalese  col- 


lection. The  city  is  also  rich  in  museums.  The  museum 
of  Northern  antiquities,  in  the  Christiansborg,  is  unrivalled 
of  its  kind.  Thorwaldsen's  museum  consists  of  works  by 
that  great  sculptor  and  others  bequeathed  by  him  to  the 
nation.  It  comprises  also  the  mausoleum  in  which  he  is 
buried.  The  royal  museum  of  natural  history  is  rich  in 
zoological  and  mineralogical  specimens.  The  royal  gallery 
of  paintings  in  the  Christiansborg  contains  about  1000  paint- 
ings, many  by  the  first  masters.  The  harbor  of  Copenhngen 
forms  the  great  naval  station  of  Denmark,  being  capable  of 
enclosing  the  whole  fleet.  Steamboats  ply  hence  to  all  parts 
of  the  Baltic.  The  principal  manufacturing  establishments 
are  its  porcelain-works,  which  enjoy  a  European  reputation, 
some  iron-foundries,  and  woollen-  and  linen-factories ;  there 
are  also  establishments  for  the  manufacture  of  watches, 
leather,  gloves,  glass,  fine  cutlery,  pianos,  <fec.  The  shipping 
of  Copenhagen  is  extensive,  nearly  all  the  heavy  trade  of  the 
kingdom  centring  here.  Trade  is  further  facilitated  by  a 
system  of  railways  and  canals. 

History. — Copenhagen  is  first  mentioned,  as  a  fishing  ham- 
let, in  1043.  In  1168  Bishop  Absalon  founded  a  haven 
and  erected  a  fort  on  the  Slotsholm  as  a  place  of  refuge 
against  the  Northern  pirates.  It  then  bore  the  name  of 
Axelhuus.  Shortly  afterwards  it  rose  to  importance,  and 
acquired  its  present  name  of  Kjobenhavn,  or  Merchants* 
Haven.  It  has  occasionally  suffered  much  from  hostile 
ravages,  and  still  more  from  accidental  fires,  which  have 
repeatedly  laid  the  greater  part  of  it  in  ruins.  It  was  at- 
tacked by  Nelson,  April  2,  1801,  but  its  crowning  disaster 
was  the  bombardment  by  the  British  in  1807.  Being 
elevated  but  little  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  Copenhagen 
is  liable  to  be  overflowed  during  storms,  and  has  sometimes 
suffered  much  from  this  cause.     Pop.  in  1890,  312,387. 

Co^penha'gen,  a  post-office  of  Caldwell  parish.  La. 

Copenhagen,  a  post-village  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Deer  River,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Lowville.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  free  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  2  manufactories  of 
cheese-boxes.     Pop.  777. 

Co^penha'gen,  a  post-village  in  Elgin  co.,  Ontario,  2J 
miles  from  Port  Bruce,  on  Lake  Erie.     Pop.  300. 

Co'penhav^er's  Alills,  a  post-office  of  Kanawha  co., 
W.  Va.,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Charleston. 

Copensay,  one  of  the  Orkney  Islands.    See  Copinshay. 

Cop'eras  Cove,  a  post-village  of  Coryell  co.,  Tex., 
about  30  miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Belton,  and  23  miles  S. 
by  W.  of  Gatesville.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  250. 

Copertino,  ko-p5R-tee'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lecce,  enclosed  by  walls,  defended 
by  a  strong  castle,  and  having  several  churches  and  con- 
vents.    Pop.  5178. 

Copet,  a  village  of  Switzerland.     See  Coppet. 

Copetown,  kSp'tSwn,  a  post- village  in  Wentworth  co., 
Ontario,  with  a  station  on  the  Great  Western  Railroad,  11 
miles  W.  of  Hamilton.     It  has  a  saw-raill.     Pop.  200. 

Copeville,  kop'vil,  a  post-office  of  Collin  co.,  Tex. 

Copi'ah,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Mississippi,  has 
an  area  of  about  725  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  Pearl  River,  and  also  drained  by  Buyou  Pierre.  The 
surface  is  mostly  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  fertile. 
Cotton,  Indian  corn,  pork,  and  sweet  potatoes  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  New  Orleans, 
St.  Louis  A  Chicago  Railroad,  which  passes  through  Hazle- 
hurst,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,608;  in  1880,  27,552; 
in  1890,  30,233. 

Copiapo,  ko-pe-4-po',  a  river  of  Chili,  province  of 
Atacama,  flows  in  a  desert  country  past  Copiapfi,  reaching 
the  sea  at  Porto  Copiap6;  but  of  late  its  waters  are  ordinarily 
utilized  in  mining-works  long  before  the  sea  is  reached. 

Copiapo,  or  San  Francisco  de  Selva,  sin  frin- 
sees'ko  di  sfil'vS,,  a  town  of  Chili,  capital  of  the  province 
of  Atacama,  on  the  river  Copiap6,  30  miles  from  the  sea, 
and  50  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Caldera.  It  is  an  important 
mining  and  mercantile  centre,  has  smelting-works,  and 
ships  much  silver,  copper,  and  ores.     Pop.  in  1884,  10,374. 

Copiapo,  or  Porto  Copiapo,  por'to  ko-pec-i-po', 
a  small  seaport  of  Chili,  province  of  Atacama,  on  Copiap<5 
Bay,  30  miles  W.  of  the  town  of  Copiap6.  Lat.  27°  20'  S. : 
Ion.  71°  2'  W. 

Cop'inshayS  or  Cop'ensay%  sometimes  written 
Copenshaw,  one  of  the  Orkney  Islands,  in  Scotland,  off 
the  S.  end  of  Mainland.     Lat.  58°  55'  N. ;  Ion.  2°  26'  W. 

Cop'lay,  a  post-borough  of  Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Lehigh  River,  and  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Ironton  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  by  AV.  from 
Allentown.  It  has  the  Lehigh  Iron-AVorks,  which  employ 
about  100  men;  also  extensive  hydraulic  cement  quarriM 
and  kilns,  and  a  church.     Pop.  728. 


OOP 


052 


COR 


Cople8ton»k8p'9li-t9ii,or  Oil  Creek,  a  post-Tillago 
In  Lambton  co.,  Ontario,  on  North  Creek,  4  miles  N.  of  P«t> 
trolia.     It  hna  oil-wells.     Pop.  100. 

Cop'Icy,  a  township  of  Knos  oo.,  111.     Pop.  1219. 

CopleVt  a  pont-villago  of  Summit  co.,  0.,  in  Copley 
township,  6  miles  W.  of  Akron.  It  has  a  oarriago-faotory, 
m  floiirinK-uiill,  and  an  academy.     Pop.  of  township,  1233. 

CopMcyville,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  W.  Va. 

Copo'pa*  a  post-hamlct  of  Lorain  oo.,  0.,  about  18 
miles  S.W.  uf  Cleveland.  It  has  2  ohurchet  and  a  cheoM- 
factory. 

Cop'page  Mine,  a  station  in  Mublenburg  oo.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Loui.oville  ifc  Paduoah  Railroad,  129  miles  S.W.  of  Louis- 
ville.    Here  is  a  coal-mine. 

Copparo,  kop-p&'ro,  a  town  of  Italy,  11  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Fcrrani.     Pop.  of  commune,  26,989. 

Coppename,  kop'pdn-&'mfh,  Coponamc,or  Cup- 
anaiiin,  kup-&-n&'m&,  a  river  of  Dutch  Guiana,  rises  in 
the  mountains,  flows  N.,  and  falls  into  the  ocean  near  the 
mouth  of  the  Saramacca.     Total  course,  93  miles. 

Coppenbriigge,  kop'p^n-briig^gh^h,  a  town  of  Ger- 
many, 19  miles  S.S.W.  of  Hanover.     Pop.  1252. 

Cop'per,  a  post-village  of  Bernalillu  co..  New  Mexico, 
about  66  miles  (direct)  N.W.  of  Santa  F6,  and  about  the 
same  distance  N.  by  W.  of  Albuquerque.  It  has  large 
mines  and  copper-smelting  works.     Pop.  100. 

Copper  Basin,  a  post-office  of  Yavapai  co.,  Arizona. 

Copper  City,  Shasta  co.,  Cal.     See  Ydalpom. 

Copper  Fails  Mine,  a  post-village  of  Keweenaw  oo., 
Mich.,  in  Eagle  Harbor  township,  1  mile  from  Lake  Supe- 
rior, 20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Calumet,  and  about  80  miles  N.E. 
of  Houghton.  It  has  a  church,  and  its  rich  mines  of  copper 
afford  the  principal  business  of  the  place.     Pop.  434. 

Copper  Harbor,  a  post-village  of  Keweenaw  co., 
Mich.,  on  Lake  Superior,  in  Copper  Harbor  township,  25 
miles  E.  of  Eagle  Uiver.  Copper  is  rained  here.  It  has  a 
very  good  harbor.     Pop.  of  the  township,  58. 

Copper  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hartford  co.,  Conn.,  in 
East  Hranhy  township,  14  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Hartford,  and 
49J  miles  N.  of  New  Haven.     It  has  a  church. 

Copper  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  railroad  between  Flemington  &  Lauibertville,  2  miles  S. 
of  Flemington.     It  has  a  brush-factory. 

Copper  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Floyd  co.,  Va.,  19  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Floyd  Court-House.     It  has  a  general  store. 

Copper  Island,  in  the  Sea  of  Marmora.    See  Khalki. 

Cop'permine  Kiver,  in  Canada,  North-West  Terri- 
tories, enters  an  inlet  of  the  Arctic  Ocean  N.E.  of  the  Great 
Bear  Lake,  after  a  course  estimated  at  250  miles. 

Copper  Mines,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Ala.,  18  miles 
S.E.  of  Talladega. 

Copper  Mountains,  a  low  mountain-range  of  Can- 
ada, on  the  N.W.  bank  of  the  Coppermine,  about  lat.  67" 
N.,  Ion.  167°  W. 

Cop^perop'olis,  a  post-village  of  Calaveras  co.,  Cal., 
about  64  miles  S.E.  of  Sacramento,  and  37  miles  E.  by  N. 
of  Stockton.  It  has  2  churches.  A  rich  copper-mine  has 
been  opened  here.     Gold  is  also  found  near  this  place. 

Copper  River,  Missouri  (French,  Riviire  nu  Cuivre), 
rises  in  Audrain  co.,  runs  S.E.  through  Lincoln  co.,  and 
enters  the  Mississippi  River  14  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Charles. 
It  is  130  miles  long,  and  affords  valuable  motive-power. 

Copper  Vale,  a  post- hamlet  of  Lassen  co.,  Cal.,  18 
miles  S.W.  of  Susanville,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Copper  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Floyd  co.,  Va.,  8 
miles  N.W.  of  Flo.vd  Court-House.     It  has  a  general  store. 

Coppet,  kop*p4',  or  Copet,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  of  Vaud,  on  the  lake  and  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Geneva. 
It  is  only  remarkable  for  its  chUteau,  with  gardens  and 

Eark,  once  the  residence  of  Bayle,  afterwards  of  Necker  and 
is  celebrated  daughter  Madame  de  Stael.     Pop.  556. 

Copp's  Creek,  a  township  of  Barry  CO.,  Mo.  Pop.  984. 

Coprates,  a  river  of  Persia.     See  Dezfool. 

Coptos,  the  ancient  name  of  Kuft. 

Co^pul',  a  town  of  India,  Nizam's  dominions,  210  miles 
S.W.  of  Hyderabad.     Lat.  15°  19'  N. ;  Ion.  76°  10'  E. 

Coqnago,  ko-kwi'go,  or  Oqnago,  o-kwi'go,  the 
principal  branch  of  the  Delaware  River,  rises  in  New  York, 
on  the  W.  declivity  of  the  Catskill  Mountains.  It  flows 
first  S.W.  to  Deposit,  where  it  suddenly  changes  its  course 
to  S.E.,  and,  after  forming  the  boundary  between  New 
York  and  Pennsylvania  for  a  few  miles,  unites  with  the 
Popacton  at  Hancock.  Its  whole  length  is  probably  100 
miles.     It  is  a  beautiful  and  rapid  stream. 

Coquet,  kok'^t,  or  Cock'et,  a  small  river  of  Eng- 
kind,  rises  in  the  Cheviot  Hills,  and  enters  the  North  Sea 
near  Warkworth,  opposite  Coquet  Island. 


Coqnilage,  ko'kccMlzh'  (Grande,  grAwd,  and  Pe- 
tite, p?h-toct'),  two  islands  in  Chagos  Arcni|)elago,  Indian 
Ocean,  lat.  6°  20'  8.,  Ion.  72°  20'  E.  They  are  covered  with 
cocoa-trees. 

Coquillc,  ko-keel',  a  port-village  of  Coos  co.,  Oregon, 
on  the  Coquillc  River,  about  40  miles  from  its  mouth.  It 
is  5  miles  S.K.  of  Coaledo,  and  30  miles  8.  of  Empire  City. 
It  has  3  churches  and  a  public  school.     Pop.  494. 

Coquillc  Itiver,  Oregon,  is  formed  by  three  branches, 
called  the  North,  Middle,  and  South  Foriss,  which  rise  in 
the  Umpqua  Mountains  and  unite  in  Coos  co.  It  runs 
westward,  and  enters  the  Pacific  Ocean  in  the  same  county. 

Coquinibo,  ko-kcum'bo,  of  late  generally  called  La 
Serena,  14  si-rA'ni,  a  city  of  Chili,  capital  of  the  prov- 
ince of  Coquirabo,  on  Coquinibo  River,  1  mile  from  the  sea, 
and  7  miles  by  branch  railway  N.E.  of  the  port  of  Co- 
quinibo. It  is  now  a  place  of  small  trade,  but  has  2  branch 
banks  and  some  Rmelting-works.  It  is  the  scat  of  a  bishop, 
and  has  a  priests'  seminary  sustained  by  the  government. 
Pop.  37,000. 

Coquimbo,or  Porto  Coquinibo,  por'to  ko-keem'- 
bo,  formerly  called  Ualsas,  bil'sls,  a  town  of  Chili,  on 
the  sea,  7  miles  S.W.  of  the  foregoing.  A  railway  ex- 
tends hence  to  Ovalle,  with  a  branch  passing  through  the 
city  of  Coquimbo  (La  Serena).  It  is  on  a  fine  bay,  and 
there  are  good  facilities  for  shipping.  It  has  snielting- 
works,  a  heavy  trade  in  copper  and  its  ores,  and  ships  many 
cattle  to  northern  ports  and  to  Peru.     Pop.  16,000. 

Coquinibo,  a  province  of  Chili,  being  the  northern- 
most in  the  country  except  Atacama.  Area,  12,855  square 
miles.  It  extends  from  the  Andes  to  the  sea,  'The  mining 
and  smelting  of  copper,  the  raising  of  cattle,  and  the  grow- 
ing of  alfalfa  for  nay  are  leading  industries.  Some  lapis 
lazuli  is  obtained  in  the  E.  Agriculture  is  hardly  prac- 
ticable without  irrigation.  The  climate,  though  dry,  is  ex- 
ceedingly agreeable  and  healthful.  Capital,  Coquimbo,  or  La 
Serena.     Pop.  in  1889,  184,256. 

Coquimoo  River,  in  the  above  province,  is  125  miles 
long,  and  flows  into  the  Pacific  (Coquimbo  Bay)  near  the 
port  of  Coquimbo. 

Cora,  or  Chora,  ko'rl,  called  also  Megali-Chora, 
meg^a-lee-ko'ri  ("Great  Cora"),  a  town  of  the  island  of 
Samos,  3  miles  from  its  S.  coast,  and  on  the  site  of  ancient 
Samos.     It  is  the  scat  of  a  Greek  archbishop.     Pop.  1398, 

Cora,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Com. 

Cora,  ko'ra,  a  post-village  of  Smith  co.,  Kansas,  10 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Smith  Centre.  It  has  a  church,  a  school, 
and  a  general  store.     Pop.  about  100. 

Cora,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  Mo.,  in  Duncan 
township,  on  the  Burlington  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  6 
miles  S.  of  Milan. 

Cora,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gallia  co.,  0.,  10  miles  S.E.  of 
Portland  Station.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Coracesium,  an  ancient  name  of  Ai.aya. 

Coral,  kor'al,  a  post-township  of  McHcnry  co..  111., 
60  miles  N.W.  of  Chicago,  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  A 
Northwestern  Railroad.     Pop.  1345. 

Coral,  a  post- village  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.,  in  Mapla 
Valley  township,  on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  &  Lake  Michigan 
Railroad,  74  miles  N.W,  of  Lansing,  and  22  miles  W.  by  N. 
of  Stanton.  It  has  3  churches,  a  union  school,  a  planing- 
mill,  a  flouring-mill,  a  foundry,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a 
furniture-factory.     Pop.  336, 

Coral,  kor-4l'  or  koril',  a  small  rocky  island  of  Brazil, 
S.E.  coast.     Lat.  25°  45'  S. ;  Ion.  48°  35'  W. 

Coral  (kor-al)  City,  a  decayed  post-village  of  Trem- 
pealeau CO.,  Wis.,  on  Pigeon  Creek,  2J  miles  N.  of  White- 
hall Station. 

Coral  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Barren  co.,  Ky.,  5  miles 
N.E.  of  Glasgow.  It  has  church  organizations,  a  seminary, 
a  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  distilleries.     Pop.  100. 

Coral  Sea,  a  part  of  tho  Pacific  Ocean,  bounded  W.  by 
Australia,  and  E.  by  the  archipelago  of  New  Hebrides:  so 
called  from  the  numerous  coral  reefs  it  contains. 

Cor'alville,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa.  2i 
miles  from  Iowa  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  paper-mill,  a 
flouring-mill,  a  machine-shop,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop,  297, 

Co'ram,  a  post-hamlet  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Brook- 
haven  township,  about  17  miles  W.  of  Iliverhead.  It  has 
a  church.  Pop.  about  170.  Coram  Hills  is  a  hamlet,  2 
miles  S.E.  of  Coram. 

Corannas,  ko-rin'nds,  a  Hottentot  tribe  of  South 
Africa,  inhabiting  a  country  lying  S.  of  the  Orange  River 
and  having  Namaqua-land  on  the  W.  They  cultivate 
nothing  but  tobacco,  subsisting  chiefly  on  the  milk  of  their 
cattle,  of  which  they  have  great  numbers;  their  flocks 
also  are  immense. 


I 


COK 


953 


COR 


Coransah,  ko-rJn'sA,  or  Coran'za,  a  town  of 
Guinea,  in  Ashantee,  65  miles  N.N.E.  of  Coomassie. 
Corantyn,  a  river  of  South  America.  See  Corentyn. 
Coraop'olis,  a  post-borough  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  13 
miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  3  churches, 
s  newspaper  ofiSce,  oil-refineries,  lumber-mills,  and  tool- 
factories.     Pop.  in  1890,  962. 

Corato,  ko-ri'to,  a  city  of  Italy,  province  of  Bari,  14 
miles  S.E.  of  Barletta.  Pop.  26,220.  It  has  a  fine  church, 
5  convents,  and  an  orphan  asylum. 

Coray,  koVA',  a  town  of  France,  in  FinistSre,  13  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Quimper.     Pop.  734;  of  commune,  2275. 

Corazon,  ko-rS.-son'  {i.e.,  "heart"),  a  mountain  of 
Ecuador,  in  the  Andes,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Quito.  It  bears 
the  form  of  a  heart,  whence  its  name. 

Corbach,  or  Korbach,  kou'biK,  a  walled  town  in 
Germany,  principality  of  Waldeck,  on  the  Itter,  which 
divides  it  into  an  old  and  a  new  town,  28  miles  S.AV.  of 
Cassel.  Pop.  2411.  It  has  a  castle,  a  gymnasium,  an 
orphan  asylum,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  stuffs. 

Corbeau,  New  York.     See  Coopersville. 

Corbeil,  koR'bM',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Seine-et-Oise,  on  the  Seine,  at  the  influx  of  thoEssonne,  and 
20  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Paris.  Pop.  6187.  It  is  divided 
by  the  Seine  into  an  old  and  a  new  town.  It  was  formerly 
fortified.  The  principal  edifices  comprise  a  corn-hall,  large 
corn-magazine,  public  library,  and  churches.  It  has  many 
flour-mills,  and  several  cotton-factories,  paper-mills,  and 
tanneries,  and  is  the  centre  of  an  active  trade  in  corn  and 
flour  for  the  supply  of  Paris. 

Cor'bett,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  6 
miles  N.  of  Park  Hill.  '  It  contains  2  churches,  2  stores,  4 
saw-mills,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  shinglo-mills.     Pop.  150. 

Corbctta,  koR-bSt'ti  (anc.  Cn'rin  Pic'taf  Cnrhitmnt), 
a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Pavia,  and 
10  miles  W.  of  Milan.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  a  large 
parish  church  and  a  castle.     Pop.  4750. 

Cor'bettsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  \ 
mile  from  Conklia  Station,  and  12  miles  S.E.  of  Bingham- 
ton.     It  has  a  tannery  and  district  school. 

CorbiC)  koR^bee',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Somme,  9  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Amiens.     Pop.  3977. 

Cor'bie  Hall,  a  village  of  Scotland,  in  Linlithgow- 
shire, adjacent  to  Borrowstounness.     Pop.  3380. 

Corbi^res,  kon^be-aia'  (Ger.  Korbers,  koR'b^Rs),  a 
village  of  Switzerland,  9  miles  S.  of  Freyburg,  on  the  Saane. 

Corbigliy,  koR^been^yee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nifevre, 
on  the  Anguison,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Nevers.     Pop.  2099. 

Cor'bin,  a  post-village  of  Sumner  co.,  Kansas,  12  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Wellington.  It  has  2  church  organizations, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  common  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  174. 

Corbin,  a  post-village  of  Whitley  co.,  Ky.,  18  miles  by 
rail  N.  by  E.  of  Williamsburg.  It  has  2  church  organiza- 
tions, a  saw-mill,  and  a  corn-mill.     Pop.  300. 

Cor'bit,  a  station  in  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  4  miles  N.W. 
of  Delaware  City. 

Cor'bridge,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Northumber- 
land, on  the  Tyne,  4  miles  E.  of  Hexham.     Pop.  1397. 

Corcieux,  koR^se-uh',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vosges,  20 
miles  E.  of  Epinal.     Pop.  1553. 

Corcobado,  or  Corcovado,  kon-ko-v&'do  {i.e.,  the 
"Humpbacked"  Mountain),  a  volcanic  mountain  of  the 
Andes,  in  Patagonia,  near  the  Pacific  coast.  Lat.  43°  10' 
S. ;  Ion.  about  73°  W.     Height,  7510  feet. 

Corcobado,  or  Corcovado,  koR-ko- vi'do,  a  remark- 
able mountain  of  Brazil,  2  miles  from  Rio  Janeiro,  rises  in 
an  isolated  peak  to  an  elevation  of  2000  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  sea.     The  view  from  the  summit  is  magnificent. 

Corcoran,  kor'ko-ran.  a  post-township  of  Hennepin 
CO.,  Minn.,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Minneapolis.  It  has  5 
churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  1212. 

Corcyra,  the  Latin  name  of  Corfu. 

Corcyra  Nigra,  an  ancient  name  for  Cckzola. 

Cordaville,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.    See  SouTHBononGH. 

Cordele,  kor-deel',  a  post-town  of  Dooly  co.,  Ga.,  12 
miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Vienna.  It  has  9  churches,  2 
banks,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  manufactures  of  cotton,  car- 
riages, shoes,  <fcc.,  an  iron-foundry,  and  3  machine-shops. 
Pop.  1578. 

Cordelia,  Solano  oo.,  Cal.    See  Bridgeport. 

Cordemais,  koRM^h-mi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire- 
Inferieure,  16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Nantes.     Pop.  2684. 

Cord'er,  a  post-village  of  La  Fayette  co..  Mo.,  5  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Higginsville,  and  17  miles  S.E.  of  Lexington. 
It  has  6  churches,  2  banks,  &a.     Pop.  in  1890,  1145. 

Cordes,  koRd,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Tarn, 
13  miles  N.W.  of  Albi.     Pop.  2719. 
61 


Cordes  (kond  or  kon'd^s)  Bay,  south  coast  of  Pata- 
gonia, Strait  of  Magellan,  46  miles  N.W.  of  Cape  Froward. 

Cordillera,  kor-dil'le-ra  (Spanish  pron.  koR-deel-yd'- 
ri),  a  Spanish  term  applied  to  the  great  mountain  range  or 
system  which  is  called  the  Andes  in  South  America  and  the 
Rocky  Mountains  in  North  America.     See  Andes. 

Cordova,  kor'do-va  (Sp.  Cordoba  or  Cordova,  koR'do- 
vi ;  Fr.  Cordoue,  koR'doo',  or  Cordue,  koRMU' ;  anc.  Cor'- 
duba  and  Colo'nia  Patri'cia,  or  simply  Patricia),  a  city  of 
Spain,  capital  of  the  province  and  former  kingdom  of  Cor- 
dova, on  the  Guadalquivir,  86  miles  N.E.  of  Seville,  at  an 
important  railway  junction.  Lat.  37°  52'  15"  N. ;  Ion,  4° 
49'  36"  W.  Its  Moorish  walls,  built  on  Roman  founda- 
tions, enclose  a  large  area,  much  of  which  is  now  occupied 
by  gardens  or  by  ruins,  except  one  large  square,  bordered 
by  lofty  and  handsome  edifices.  The  city  is  generally  badly 
laid  out,  meanly  built,  and  dirty.  It  communicates  with  » 
suburb  across  the  river  by  a  noble  stone  bridge  of  16  arches, 
built  by  the  Moors  in  the  eighth  century,  and  commanded 
by  a  Saracenic  castle,  still  kept  in  a  state  of  defence.  Its 
cathedral,  formerly  one  of  the  most  holy  mosques  of  the 
Mohammedan  world,  and  still  one  of  the  most  remarkable 
edifices  in  Spain,  presents  in  its  interior  a  "labyrinth  of 
columns"  of  all  orders  and  materials,  which  were  brought 
from  various  ancient  temples  all  around  the  Mediterranean. 
Other  principal  buildings  are  13  parish  churches,  gorgeously 
adorned,  about  40  convents,  the  bishop's  palace,  with  fine 
gardens,  and  a  library,  the  remains  of  a  palace  of  the  Moor- 
ish sovereigns,  now  converted  into  stables,  the  city  hall, 
hospitals,  foundling  and  other  asylums,  colleges,  and  schools. 
It  was  noted  for  the  famous  preparation  of  goat-skins 
called  Cordovan.  This  branch  of  industry,  however,  hag 
declined  ;  but  the  silversmiths  and  filigree-workers  maintain 
their  repute ;  and  manufactures  of  paper,  linens,  woollens, 
barrels,  hats,  and  silken  fabrics  are  carried  on. 

Cordova  was  founded  by  the  Romans,  but  at  what  period 
is  uncertain.  It  was  afterwards  taken  by  the  Goths,  .and 
again  by  the  Moors  in  672,  and  for  many  centuries  after- 
wards remained  the  splendid  capital  of  the  Caliphate  of  the 
West.  In  1236  it  was  taken  and  almost  wholly  destroyed 
by  Ferdinand  III.  of  Castile.  It  afterwards  became  the 
capital  of  one  of  the  four  old  provinces  of  Andalusia,  with 
the  title  of  kingdom.  It  contained  in  the  tenth  century 
nearly  a  million  of  inhabitants,  300  mosques,  900  baths,  and 
600  inns.  Cordova  was  for  some  time  comprised  in  the 
country  of  the  kicgs  of  Seville.  It  is  the  birthplace  of  the 
two  Senecas,  the  Roman  poet  Lucan,  and  the  Arab  physi- 
cians Avicenna  and  Averroes.  Pop.  in  1887,  55,614. 
Adj.  and  inhab.  Cordovese,  koRMo-veez',  or  CoR'DOVAif; 
or  Cor^dubese',  when  the  ancient  town  is  referred  to. 

Cordova,  a  province  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  is  bounded 
N.  by  Badajos  and  Ciudad  Real,  E.  by  Jaen,  S.  and  S.E. 
by  Granada  and  Malaga,  and  S.W.  by  Seville.  Area,  5063 
square  miles.  It  is  divided  into  two  parts  by  the  Guadal- 
quivir.    Pop.  in  1887,  420,714. 

Cordova,  koR'do-vi,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  and  66 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Vera  Cruz,  on  the  railway  to  Mexico.  Pop. 
4396.  It  is  well  built  of  stone,  and  has  many  handsome 
public  edifices,  an  active  trade  in  sugar,  tobacco,  and  cofiee, 
and  manufactures  of  cotton  and  woollen  fabrics. 

Cordova,  koR'do-v4,  a  city  of  the  Argentine  Republic, 
capital  of  a  province  of  its  own  name,  situated  in  a  beau- 
tiful valley  on  the  Primero,  and  well  sheltered  from  the 
N.  and  S.  winds,  387  miles  N.W.  of  Buenos  Ayres.  Lat.  31° 
35'  S. ;  Ion.  63°  50'  W.  Railways  extend  hence  to  Rosario 
and  Tucuman.  It  is  well  built,  and  contains  many  churches, 
a  university,  a  national  observatory,  and  an  academy  of 
sciences.  It  is  the  residence  of  a  bishop.  Cordova  is  the 
centre  of  communication  between  Buenos  Ayres  and  the 
upper  provinces.  Its  produce  consists  principally  of  hides 
and  wool.     It  was  founded  in  1573.     Pop.  66,600. 

Cordova,  a  province  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  near 
its  centre,  bounded  by  Santiago,  La  Rioja,  San  Luis,  and 
Entre  Rios.  Area,  55,563  square  miles.  Pop.  380,000. 
The  mountains  of  the  Sierra  de  Cordova  extend  N.  and  W. 
of  the  capital ;  elsewhere  it  is  flat.  The  province  produces 
gold,  and  has  noble  forests.  Cattle,  sheep,  and  goats  are 
numerous;  and  beef,  maize,  and  fruits  are  the  principal 
products.     Capital,  Cordova. 

Cordova,  kor'do-va,  or  kor-do'va,  a  post- village  of  Rock 
Island  CO.,  111.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  in  Cordova  town- 
ship, and  on  the  Western  Union  Railroad,  22  miles  N.E.  of 
the  town  of  Rock  Island.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school, 
and  manufactures  of  lime.     Pop.  of  township,  935. 

Cordova,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co.,  Ky. 

Cordova,  a  post-ofiice  of  Talbot  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Mary- 
land &  Delaware  Railroad,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Easton. 


coil 


954 


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Cordova,  %  poit-rillag^  of  Le  Suour  oo.,  Minn.,  In  Oor- 
4or»  township,  on  Lake  UorniAn,  17  milet  E.  of  St.  Peter, 
•ad  on  Cannun  River,  about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Manknto.  It 
kna  S  atore*,  a  Krist-miil,  and  luiuber-mills.  Pop.  about  150 ; 
of  the  towHRhip,  700. 

Corduvn,  a  post-offioo  of  Brunswick  oo.,  N.C. 
Corduvado,  kon-do-ri'do,  a  village  of  Northern  Italj, 
In  the  gOTorninent  of  Vonioo,  23  milos  8.W.  of  Udino.  Pop. 
1708.  It  has  a  fort,  a  cathedral,  and  a  bishop's  palace. 
Cordaba  and  Cordubese.  Soo  Cokdova. 
Cordueaet  or  Cordyeue.  Sec  Kooiidistan. 
Corca,  or  Korea,  ko-reo'^  (called  by  the  natives  Cho- 
•«)i  or  Tiyotitn,  by  the  Chinese,  to  whom  it  is  tributary, 
Kno-lee,  and  by  the  Japanese,  Ko-rax,  ko'ri',  whence  its 
Buropoati  name  of  Corua,  or  Korea),  a  peninsular  country 
in  Eastern  Asia,  bounded  E.  by  the  Sea  of  Japan,  S.  by  the 
Strait  of  Coroa,  and  W.  by  the  Yellow  Sea  and  the  Qulf  of 
Leao-Tong.  The  capital,  King-Ki-Tao,  is  situated  on  the 
Kiang  River,  in  the  centre  of  the  kingdom,  lat.  37°  40'  N., 
Ion.  127°  20'  £.  Coroa  cumprises  a  peninsula  with  a  small 
portion  of  the  continent  to  which  it  is  attached ;  the  con- 
tinental portion  extending  in  breadth  from  Ion.  124°  to 
132°  E.,  the  peninsula  from  Ion.  125°  15'  to  131°  30'  E., 
between  lat.  33°  20'  and  43'  N.,  its  average  width  being 
about  135  miles,  while  the  total  length  of  the  country  from 
N.  to  S.  is  somewhat  less  than  GOU  miles.  Corea  also  in- 
cludes numerous  groups  of  islands  in  the  Yellow  Sea  and 
the  Strait  of  Corea,  and  the  island  of  Quelpacrt,  50  miles  S. 
of  the  peninsula.  Area,  about  U0,000  square  miles.  Esti- 
mated pop.  8,595,750. 

The  peninsula  is  traversed  through  its  length  by  a  moun 
tain-range,  abrupt  and  precipitous  on  the  E.,  but  forming  a 
gentle  slope  on  the  W.  side,  which,  being  watered  by  the 
principal  rivers  of  the  country,  is  exceedingly  fertile.  The 
coasts  are  for  the  most  part  rocky  and  almost  inaccessible ; 
yet  there  are  some  excellent  harbors.  The  climate  is  cold, 
nnd  in  the  summer  rain  is  frequent.  In  the  N.  the  only 
grain  that  can  bo  grown  is  barley  ;  but  in  the  S.  the  soil  is 
fertile,  and  wheat,  cotton,  rice,  millet,  and  hemp  are  grown 
extensively.  A  decoction  of  pinang,  a  kind  of  walnut,  is 
lubstituted  for  tea.  The  ginseng  root  is  a  production  of 
Corco,  greatly  valued  in  China  and  Japan,  where  high  prices 
are  given  for  it.  Potatoes  were  introduced  by  Gutzlaff  and 
Lindsay  in  1832,  but  their  cultivation  is  illegal.  The  un- 
cultivated northern  parts  of  the  kingdom  are  covered  with 
extensive  forests.  Fruits  are  abundant,  including  pears, 
plums,  strawberries,  melons,  blackberries,  apricots,  and 
grapes ;  but  on  account  of  the  continual  summer  rains  all 
are  insipid.  Gold,  silver,  copper,  rock  salt,  iron,  and  coal 
are  found,  but  are  not  allowed  to  bo  wrought  to  any  extent. 
The  domestic  animals  are  oxen,  pigs,  goats,  dogs,  and  cats, 
and  a  small  race  of  horses,  very  strong  and  spirited.  Oxen 
only  are  used  for  agricultural  labors,  the  horse  being  reserved 
for  the  s.addle.  Sheep  are  almost  unknown,  there  being  a 
prohibition  against  rearing  them.  The  royal  tiger  and  pan- 
ther are  so  numerous  that  their  skins  form  an  article  of 
commerce.  These  animals  are  distinguished  from  those  of 
the  same  kind  found  in  the  tropics  by  the  greater  length  of 
the  hair, — the  Bengal  tiger  being  far  inferior  in  beauty  of 
coat  to  that  of  Corea.  Corean  musk  is  much  used  as  a  med- 
icine and  perfume. 

The  manufactures  of  Corea  comprise  strong  and  coarse 
tissues  of  hemp,  cotton,  and  grass;  silk  in  considerable 
quantity,  but  not  very  lino;  pottery  and  porcelain;  excel- 
lent arms, — Corean  sabres  and  poniards  being  much  sought 
for  by  the  Chinese;  and  well-made  matchlocks.  Paper  con- 
stitutes an  important  branch  of  manufacture,  entering  as  it 
does  in  Corea  into  the  construction  of  numerous  articles. 
Of  it  are  made  hats,  umbrellas,  doors,  sacks,  and  cloaks. 
Ships  in  Corea  are  simple  and  light,  from  30  to  50  feet  long, 
the  wood-work  clumsy  and  fastened  with  wooden  pegs,  no 
metal  being  employed  in  joining  any  part  of  them. 

The  foreign  commerce  is  chiefly  with  China  and  Japan; 
but  there  is  some  trade  with  European  countries  and  the 
United  States.  Hides,  skins,  paper,  and  ginseng  are  ex- 
ported ;  and  aromatic  woods,  cottons,  petroleum,  metal  wares, 
pepper,  various  kinds  of  yarn,  and  Japan-ware  are  imported. 
Up  to  1882,  when  the  United  States  effected  a  treaty  with 
Corea,  there  was  no  communication  with  Europeans,  and 
scarcely  any  with  the  Chinese.  Internal  commerce  there 
can  be  almost  none,  from  the  want  of  good  roads.  Three 
ports — Chemulpo  on  the  west  coast  and  Fusan  and  Gen- 
ean  on  the  east  coast — are  open  to  foreign  commerce. 

Corea  is  governed  by  a  king,  whose  sway  is  absolute, 
and,  though  nominally  tributary  to  China,  his  freedom  of 
action  seems  quite  uncontrolled.  The  government  is  organ- 
ized like  that  of  China.    The  ministry  is  divided  into  5 


departments,  which  form  the  eentro  of  all  civil  and  military 
appointments,  so  that  from  them  issues  the  adiii'tni^tration 
or  every  religious,  political,  and  social  ordinance.  The 
]>owcr  of  the  king  is  held  inviolable  and  microd,  from  the 
union  in  his  own  person  of  the  hierarchical  and  secular  sov- 
ereignty. The  country  is  divided  into  8  provinces,  each 
of  which  is  placed  under  the  authority  of  a  governor.  The 
king's  revenues,  which  are  very  considerable,  are  derived 
chiefly  from  the  letting  out  of  lands,  nnd  from  a  tithe  of  all 
produce,  he  being  the  possessor  of  nearly  all  the  landed 
property.  The  people  of  Corea  are  mostly  very  poor.  The 
prevailing  religion  is  Booddhism,  which  was  introduced  from 
China  in  the  j'ear  372,  although  there  appears  to  bo  another 
religion  in  existence  in  the  country,  like  the  Sin-too  in  Japan 
and  the  Taouistin  China.  Confucius  is  also  much  esteemed 
in  Corea,  and  has  many  followers.  There  are  some  native 
Christians  (Roman  Catholics),  but  they  are  subject  to  severe 
persecutions  from  time  to  time. 

The  Corean  language  is  Tungusio  in  its  afiinities,  but  hag 
been  corrupted  by  the  introduction  of  a  multitude  of  Chinese 
words,  and  by  the  general  use  of  Chinese  characters,  which 
are  employed  by  the  higher  classes  for  all  oflBeial,  scientific, 
and  religious  purposes,  while  for  the  use  of  private  life 
another  kind  of  chariicter  is  used,  remarkable  forsim|)licity. 

About  B.C.  1120  the  Chinese  appear  to  have  gained  j)OS- 
session  of  the  country.  The  Japanese  held  it  between  the 
years  1692  and  10U8,  when  it  again  fell  under  the  sway  of 
China:  it  paid  an  annual  tribute  to  the  emperor,  to  whom, 
also,  an  embassy  was  sent  every  year  with  presents  and  in- 
formation of  any  political  event  of  importance.  China 
still  claims  the  suzerainty.  Japan  compelled  the  opening 
of  three  porta  in  1876.  The  United  States  made  a  com- 
mercial treaty  in  1882,  and  other  leading  foreign  powers 
in  1883,  1884,  and  1888. 

Corean  Archipelago- or  Archipelago  of  Corea, 
in  the  Yellow  Sea,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Corea,  and  extending 
from  the  island  of  Quclpaert  (lat.  of  the  N.  part.  33°  29' 
42"  N.,  Ion.  126°  56'  30"  E.)  to  lat.  30°  50'  N.  They  are 
very  imperfectly  known,  but  form  several  groups,  of  which; 
reckoning  from  S.  to  N.,  may  be  named  Port  Hamilton, 
Lyra's,  Amherst,  Hatton's,  and  Clifford's  Islands.  They  are 
chiefly  of  granitic  rock,  rising  at  times  to  sharp  peaks  2000 
feet  high  and  having  frequently  fantastic  shapes,  ruggod 
and  bare:  basalt  also  occurs,  and  sometimes  is  columnar. 

Core  Creek,  a  station  in  Craven  co.,  N.C,  on  the 
Atlantic  A  North  Carolina  Railroad,  11  miles  AV.  by  N.  of 
New-Berne. 

Corella,  ko-rfil'yl,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre,  49 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Pamplona.  Pop.  5023.  It  has  a  hospital 
and  several  distilleries,  oil-mills,  and  liquorice-factories. 

Corentyn,  ko-rfin-tln',  or  Corantyn,  a  river  of  South 
America,  rises  in  lat.  1°  N.,  25  miles  E.  of  the  Essequibo, 
flows  generally  N.,  separating  British  and  Dutch  Guiana, 
and  enters  the  Atlantic  by  an  estuary  in  lat.  6°  N.,lon.  57° 
W.     It  is  navigable  for  a  distance  of  150  miles. 

Core  (kor)  Sound,  on  the  coast  of  North  Carolina,  is 
about  35  miles  long,  and  from  2  to  5  miles  broad.  It  joins 
Pamlico  Sound. 

Co'rey,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  Mich.,  in  Newbnrg 
township,  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad  (Air-Line  di- 
vision), 12  miles  E.  of  Cassopolis,  and  7  miles  N.AV.  of  Con- 
stantine.     It  has  a  church  and  about  25  dwellings. 

Corfe  Castle,  a  decayed  town  of  England,  co.  of  Dor- 
set, Isle  of  Purbcck,  4i  miles  S.S.E.  of  AVarehara. 

Corfu,  kor-foo'  or  kor'fu  (modern  Gr.  Kop<^ot,  kon-foe'; 
Fr.  CorfoH,  kon'foo' ;  anc.  Gr.  Kepxupo,  Keikarn  ;  L.  Cor- 
ci/'ru),  one  of  the  Ionian  Islands  of  Greece,  in  the  Mediter- 
ranean, separated  from  the  coast  of  Albania  by  a  narrow 
channel.  Extreme  length,  40  miles.  Area,  227  square 
miles.  Pop.  about  65,000.  The  surfaee  is  hilly  and  very 
picturesque;  soil  fertile;  climate  hot  and  very  variable. 
The  principal  products  are  grain,  wine,  and  oil,  more  than 
half  the  island  being  covered  with  olive-groves;  orange?, 
lemons,  salt,  honey,  and  wax.  It  is  subdivided  into  7  cnn- 
tons.  Besides  the  city  of  Corfu,  it  contains  only  some  vil- 
lages. The  name  of  Corfu  includes  also  the  isles  of  Santa 
Maura  nnd  Paxo.     Area,  427  square  miles.     Pop.  114,635. 

Corfu,  a  fortified  sea|)ort  city,  capital  of  the  above 
island,  on  its  E.  coast,  10  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Butrinto  (in  Epi- 
rus).  Pop.  19,025.  It  is  beautifully  situated  on  an  emi- 
nence, and  is  defended  by  a  detached  citadel  and  by  Forts 
Neuf  and  A'ido  (the  latter  on  a  small  island,  the  ancient 
Pty'chn).  The  principal  edifices  are  the  cathedral,  numerous 
other  richly  decorated  Greek  and  Roman  Catholic  churches, 
the  arsenal,  military  hospital,  a  theatre,  a  museum,  a  public 
library,  lunatic  nnd  orphan  asylums,  a  light-house,  nnd  on 
aqueduct.     Corfu  is  th^,  ge?  of  Greek  and  Latin  arcLbishoi-s, 


COR 


955 


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and  the  summer  residence  of  the  king  and  court  of  Greece. 
It  has  a  safe  harbor,  a  good  trade,  and  manufactures  of 
pottery  and  oil.     It  is  a  winter  resort  for  invalids. 

Cor'fu,  a  post-village  of  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New 
York  Central  Railroad,  25  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Buffalo.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  money-order  post-office.     Pop.  400. 

Cori,  ko'reo  (anc.  Co'ra),  a  town  of  Central  Italy,  29 
miles  S.B.  of  Rome.     Pop.  6223. 

Coria^  ko're-i  (anc.  Cou'rtum),  a  town  of  Spain,  47 
miles  N.N.AV.  of  Caceres,  on  the  Alagon.  Pop.  2656.  It  is 
enclosed  by  granite  walls  of  Roman  origin,  and  has  a  castle 
of  the  fifteenth  century,  a  Gothic  cathedral,  and  several 
convents  and  hospitals.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Coria,  a  town  of  Spain,  6  miles  S.  of  Seville,  on  the 
Guadalquivir,  noted  for  its  manufacture  of  large  jars  for 
storing  oil  and  almonds.     Pop.  3756. 

Coriallum,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Cherbouhg. 

Corigliano,  ko-reel-yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Cosenza,  6  miles  W.N.W.  of  Rossano,  and  4  miles  from 
the  Gulf  of  Taranto.  Pop.  10,572.  It  is  gloomy  and  ill 
built,  but  well  supplied  with  water  from  the  neighboring 
mountain.  It  has  a  fine  castle,  and  manufactures  of  woollen 
cloth,  caps,  and  soap,  with  a  trade  in  wine  and  fruit,  timber 
and  liquorice.  Near  it  is  the  site  of  Si/haris,  the  type  of 
ancient  luxury. 

Corigliano,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  18  miles 
by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Lecce.     Pop.  2160. 

Corinaldo,ko-re-nirdo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Marches, 
25  miles  W.  of  Ancona.     Pop.  5959. 

Coringa,  ko-rin'gl,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  15 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Catanzaro.     Pop.  3000. 

Coringa,  ko-ring'gi  (anc.  Garanfja  ?),  a  seaport  town 
of  India,  presidency  of  Madras,  district  and  35  miles  S.E. 
of  Rajahmundry,  on  one  of  the  mouths  of  the  Godavery, 
with  one  of  the  few  harbors  on  this  coast.  A  great  number 
of  small  vessels  are  built  here.  Cotton  stuffs  and  teak  are 
exported,  and  silk,  paper,  copper,  <tc.,  imported.  It  is  ad- 
jacent to  the  French  town  of  Yanaom. 

Corinium,  an  ancient  name  of  Cirencester. 

Corin'na,  apost-village  of  Penobscot  eo.,  Me.,  in  Corinna 
township,  on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad  (Dexter  Branch), 
32  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bangor,  It  contains  4  churches,  the 
Corinna  Union  Academy,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill, 
and  has  manufactures  of  lumber,  sash,  blinds,  <tc.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1207. 

Corinna  Centre,  a  post-borough  of  Penobscot  co., 
Me.,  about  2  miles  N.E.  of  Corinna  Station.  It  has  church 
organizations,  2  cider-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  200. 

Corinne,  korMn',  a  post-hamlet  of  Stutsman  oc,  N.D., 
about  30  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Jamestown. 

Corinne,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  4  miles 
S.W.  of  West  Chester. 

Corinne,  or  Corinne  City,  a  post-village  of  Box 
Elder  co.,  Utah,  is  on  Bear  River,  and  on  the  Central 
Pacific  Railroad,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Box  Elder,  24  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Ogden,  and  61  miles  N.  of  Salt  Lake  City.  It 
is  4250  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Cor'inth  (anc.  L.  Gorin'thus  ;  Gr.  KopivOos ;  Fr.  Corinthe, 
koVi.N't' ;  called  in  modern  Greek,  Gortho  and  Korinthon), 
an  ancient  city  of  the  kingdom  of  Greece,  on  the  Isthmus  of 
Corinth,  between  the  Gulfs  of  Lepanto  on  the  W.  and  iEgina 
on  the  E.,  48  miles  AV.  of  Athens.  In  remote  times  Corinth 
was  one  of  the  most  flourishing  cities  of  Greece,  being  an 
entrepSt  for  all  merchandise  passing  from  sea  to  sea,  and 
commanding  at  the  same  time  all  the  traffic  from  N.  to  S. 
Its  inhabitants  formed  numerous  colonies,  and  acquired  great 
riches,  so  that  the  city  became  proverbial  for  its  luxury. 
Travellers  from  all  parts  came  to  admire  its  magnificent 
works  of  art.  St.  Paul  preached  here  during  more  than  a 
year.  It  was  profusely  adorned  with  fountains,  statues, 
theatres,  and  public  buildings  of  such  excellence  in  design 
as  to  give  rise  to  an  order  of  architecture  now  known  by  its 
name.  But  no  portion  of  this  splendor  has  existed  for  cen- 
turies, and  for  ages  the  visitor  to  Corinth  has  had  to  climb 
over  masses  of  masonry  to  reach  the  streets  of' the  modern 
town.  The  traces  of  the  ancient  walls  of  the  city  are  still 
discernible ;  but  the  principal  and  most  interesting  monu- 
ments of  antiquity  now  remaining  are  the  citadel  or  Acro- 
Corinthus,  and  seven  Doric  columns,  the  remains  of  a  Doric 
temple,  at  the  S.W,  extremity  of  the  town.  The  citadel 
stands  on  an  elevation  1886  feet  high,  on  the  S.  side  of  the 
city,  and  is  considered  the  second  strongest  fortification  in 
Greece.  The  view  from  this  point  is  singularly  magnificent. 
Ancient  Corinth  was  sacked  and  nearly  destroyed  by  the 
Romans  B.C.  146;  nearly  all  the  treasures  of  art  there  ac- 
cumulated were  carried  to  Rome.  The  later  city  was  pos- 
•ossed  successively  by  the  Western  emperors  and  the  A'ene- 


tians;  from  the  latter  Mohammed  II.  wrested  it  a.d.  1458. 
It  was  recovered  afterwards  by  the  Venetians  in  1687,  and 
retaken  by  the  Turks  in  1715,  who  held  it  till  1823.  The 
modern  town,  called  also  New  Corinth,  is  on  the  Gulf  of 
Corinth,  3  miles  N.  of  the  old  city.    It  exports  grain,  honey, 

wax,  oil,  and  currants.      Pop.  about  6500. Adj.  and 

inhab.  Corinthian,  ko-rin'the-g,n.  See  Istiimtts  of  Cor- 
inth and  Gulf  of  Corinth. 

Cor'inth,  a  post-village  of  Howard  co.,  Ark.,  8  milefl 
N.E.  of  Centre  Point.  It  has  a  church,  2  newspaper  offices, 
and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  300. 

Corinth,  a  post-village  of  Heard  co.,  Ga.,  5  miles  N.W. 
of  Hogansville.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  high  school. 

Corinth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Williamson  co.,  111.,  12  miles 
N.E.  of  Marion.     It  has  a  church. 

Corinth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Osborne  co.,  Kansas,  in  Cor- 
inth township,  on  the  South  Fork  of  Solomon  River,  35 
miles  N.  of  Bunker  Hill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  313. 

Corinth,  an  incorporated  post-town  of  Grant  co.,  Ky„ 
8  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Williamstown.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  planing-mill,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Corinth,  a  post-township  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  about 

20  miles  N.W.  of  Bangor.  It  contains  5  churches,  and  has 
manufactures  of  cheese  and  lumber.     Pop.  1462, 

Corinth,  a  post-office  of  Kent  co.,  Mich. 

Corinth,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Alcorn  co.,  Miss.,  is 

21  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  luka,  and  96  miles  by  rail  N.  of 
West  Point.  It  has  a  court-house,  machine-shops,  woollen- 
and  planing-raills,  a  savings-bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  2 
seminaries,  and  7  churches.  General  Rosecrans  gained  a 
victory  over  the  Confederates  here,  Oct.  3-5,  1862.    P.  2111. 

Corinth,  a  post-village  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
1  mile  E.  by  S.  of  Jessup's  Landing,  and  16  miles  (diiect) 
N.  by  E.  of  BalK-ton  Spa.  It  has  several  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  saw-mill,  a  hotel,  and  manufactures  of  pulp 
and  paper.     Pop.  in  1890,  1222. 

Corinth  (local  pron.  kp-rinth'),  a  post- village  of  Orange 
CO.,  Vt.,  about  25  miles  S.S.E.  of  Montpelier,  It  has  cop- 
per-mines, an  academy,  Ac, 

Corinto,  ko-reen'to,  one  of  the  principal  seaporrt  ot 
Nicaragua,  on  its  Pacific  coast. 

Corio,  ko're-o,  a  town  of  Italy,  20  miles  N.N.W  of 
Turin.     Pop.  6452. 

CoriscD,  ko-ris'ko,  a  bay  of  Western  Africa,  Bighi  of 
Biafra.  It  is  32  miles  broad,  and  extends  from  Cape  Esteims 
on  the  S.  to  Cape  St.  John  on  the  N.,  and  14  miles  inland. 

Corisco,an  island  of  Africa,  at  the  mouth  of  the  above 
bay.  Lat.  54'  30"  S.;  Ion.  9°  16'  E.  It  is  12  miles  long 
and  6  miles  broad.     It  is  claimed  by  Spain, 

Corium,  an  ancient  name  of  Cairo,  in  Italy. 

Cork  (L.  Corca'yia  or  Gorra'gia),  a  city,  parliamentai'y 
borough,  and  river-port  of  Ireland,  capital  of  the  county 
of  Cork,  on  the  Lee,  11  miles  above  the  entrance  of  Cork 
harbor,  and  137  miles  S.W.  of  Dublin.  The  city  proper  la 
built  on  an  island  formed  by  the  Lee,  which  river  is  herft 
crossed  by  bridges,  several  of  them  elegant  structures.  It 
is  the  terminus  of  several  railways.  Its  main  streets  are 
broad,  well  paved,  and  lighted  with  gas:  but  a  part  of  the 
city  consists  of  wretched  lanes.  Cork  is  the  third  city  of 
Ireland  in  population,  being  excelled  by  Dublin  and  Bel- 
fast. The  houses  in  the  more  ancient  quarter  are  mostly 
of  limestone;  elsewhere  they  are  of  brick,  frequcntlj'  faced 
with  slate.  Among  the  most  striking  edifices  are  the  new 
Protestant  cathedral;  the  city  and  county  court-houses, 
having  a  portico  surmounted  by  a  group  of  colossal  figures; 
the  mansion-house,  on  a  fine  walk  termed  the  Mardyke:  the 
exchange,  commercial  buildings,  old  county  court-house, 
county  and  city  prisons,  house  of  correction,  convict  depot, 
North  and  South  Infirmaries,  lunatic  asylum,  custom-house, 
Cork  Royal  Institution,  the  episcopal  palace,  a  Roman 
Catholic  cathedral,  5  splendid  Catholic  chapels,  Augustine,  ^ 
Franciscan,  Dominican,  and  Capuchin  monasteries  (the  two 
latter  possessing  very  handsome  chapels),  and  nunneries,  to 
which  are  attached  large  female  schools.  The  charitable 
institutions  comprise  the  infirmaries,  fever,  lying-in,  and 
foundling  hospitals,  the  Magdalen  asylum  and  refuge,  green- 
and  blue-coat  schools,  the  monks'  schools,  government  pawn 
bank,  lunatic  asylum,  and  numerous  other  charities  of  less 
note.  The  principal  scientific  institutions  are  Queen's  Col- 
lege, with  fine  buildings,  the  School  of  Medicine  and  Sur  ■ 
gery,  Cork  Library,  Philosophical  Library,  fine-art,  Cuvier-- 
ian,  agricultural,  horticultural,  and  other  societies,  and  the 
Mechanics'  Institution.  Cork  has  several  club-houses  and 
banks,  a  chamber  of  commerce,  theatres,  cavalry  and  in- 
fantry barracks,  and  a  public  cemetery.  Its  beautiful  en- 
virons are  studded  with  country  residences  belonging  to 
merchants.     The  city  of  Cork  forms  a  county  of  itself. 


COR 


056 


COK 


Tb«  prlaoip»l  nuknafftoturM  are  of  iMther,  Iron  and  other 
B«(allie  good*.  gUu*,  glorea,  p«P«r,  Hnon,  f«rtiiiurt,  be«r, 
And  f pirits.  The  tnulo  \m  esten<!v« :  the  exporU  ooneist  of 
oorn,  dour,  oettle,  fefttbora,  wlnion,  butler,  and  other  Irish 
produce, 

Cork  oummunieatea  by  itewn  with  London,  Dublin,  Bris- 
tol, IJvertMMl,  and  Glasgow.  Its  corporation  oonsigts  of  a 
mayor,  recorder,  sheriff,  aldermen,  and  41  town-oouncillors. 
It  is  the  seat  of  Anglican  and  Catholic  bishops,  of  assizes 
for  the  oity  and  county  of  Cork,  of  quarter-sessions,  and  a 
reoordor's  court,  and  is  the  hoadauartors  of  the  southern  mili- 
tttrj  district  of  Ireland.  It  sends  tvro  members  to  the  House 
of  Commons.  Cork  was  built  in  the  sixth  century,  probably 
br  the  Danes,  and  in  the  twelfth  acknowledged  the  sov- 
ereignty of  Henry  11.  After  the  revolution  of  1688  it  was 
oocupied  by  King  James  II.,  but  was  bosicgod  and  taken 
in  the  year  1600  by  the  then  Earl  of  Marlborough.  Pop. 
in  18S1.  80,134;  in  18»1,  75,070. 

Corlt)  the  most  southerly  and  largest  county  of  Ireland, 
in  Munstor,  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Limerick,  N.E.  by  Tip- 
perary,  £.  by  Waterford,  and  on  the  other  sides  by  the  At- 
lantic Ocean.  Area,  2885  square  miles.  The  surface  is 
mountainous  in  the  W.  Old  red  sandstone  and  mountain 
limestone  are  the  predominant  rocks,  with  some  scams  of 
coal.  The  coast  is  deeply  indented  by  some  of  the  finest 
bays  and  harbors  in  the  world,  the  principal  being  ISantry 
and  Dunmanus  Bays,  and  Clonnkilty,  Kinsalc,  Cork,  and 
Youghal  harbors.  The  principal  rivers  are  the  Blackwater, 
Lee,  and  Bandon.  Small  lakes  are  numerous,  and  in  many 
parts  the  scenery  is  highly  picturesque.  The  mineral  prod- 
ucts include  lime,  potter's  clay,  magnesia,  copper  pyrites, 
Ac.  The  county  is  subdivided  into  East  and  West  liidings. 
After  Cork,  the  capital,  the  chief  towns  are  Youghal,  Fer- 
moy,  Queenstown,  Bandon,  and  Kinsale.  The  county  sends 
two  members  to  Parliament.  Pop.  in  1S71,  516,046;  in 
1881,  495,607;  in  1891,  436,641. 

Corl^t  a  post-hamlet  of  Ashtabula  oo.,  0.,  on  or  near 
Qrand  River,  48  miles  N.E.  of  Cleveland.     It  has  a  church. 

Cork  (late  Acton),  a  post-village  and  settlement  in 
York  CO.,  New  Brunswick,  on  the  European  <t  North  Amer- 
ican Railroad,  61  miles  W.  of  St.  John.     Pop.  350. 

Cork  Har'bor,  a  fine  landlocked  basin  of  Ireland, 
formed  by  the  estuary  of  the  Lee.  It  is  large  and  deep 
enough  to  contain  the  whole  British  navy,  and  has  an  en- 
trance 1  mile  across,  within  which  it  expands  to  8  miles  in 
Hreadth.  It  contains  Spike  and  Hawlbowline  Islands.  Lat. 
51°  50'  4"  N. ;  Ion.  8°  19'  W.  On  its  shores  are  the  towns 
of  Queenstown  and  Passage.  It  has  been  of  late  much  im- 
proved by  the  construction  of  jetties  and  quays. 

Corks'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Ark.,  13  miles 
from  Ozark  Station. 

Corlay,  konMi',  a  town  of  France,  in  C6tes-du-Nord,  17 
miles  N.W.  of  Loudfiao.  Pop.  1541.  Haut  Corlat,  ho 
koR^li',  or  CoRLAT-LE-HAnT,  a  Tillage,  is  adjacent  to  this 
town.     Pop.  1061. 

Corleone,  kon-li-o'ni,  a  town  of  Sicily,  21  miles  S.  of 
Palermo,  on  a  hill,  near  the  source  of  the  Belici.  Pop. 
16,304.  It  is  pretty  well  built,  and  has  several  churches 
and  convents,  a  college,  prison,  and  hospital,  with  a  brisk 
trade,  chiefly  with  Palermo,  in  grain  and  oil. 

Corleto,  kou-li'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  province  of 
Basilicata,  23  miles  S.E.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  5003. 

Cor'leVv  ^  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Iowa,  6  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Uarlan.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  100. 

Corley^  a  post-village  of  Bowie  co.,  Tex.,  22  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Texarkana. 

Corlin,  or  Korlin^  koR-leen',  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Pomerania,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Coslin.    Pop.  3127. 

Cormachiti,  koR-m&-Kee'tee  (anc.  Crom'myon  Pro- 
monto'rium),  a  lofty  promontory,  sometimes  called  Mount 
Cormacbiti,  on  the  N.  of  the  island  of  Cypros.  Lat.  35° 
23'  48"  N.;  Ion.  32°  55'  15"  E. 

Cormantyn,  kon-m&n'tin,  or  koR-m&n-tlne',  or  Cor- 
mantino,  koR-min-tee'no,  a  populous  village  of  the  Gold 
Coast.  From  the  name  of  this  village,  many  of  the  blacks 
in  the  West  Indies  are  called  Coromantii,  Little  Cor- 
MANTTX  is  an  abandoned  Dutch  fort  of  the  Gold  Coast,  3 
miles  £.  of  Anamaboe. 

Cormayeur,  or  Cormeuor.    See  Cocrmayeur. 

Corm  Creeli  rises  in  Union  oo.,  Ark.,  runs  southeast- 
ward through  Union  pariah.  La.,  and  enters  the  Ouachita 
River  12  miles  N.  of  Monroe.     It  is  nearly  90  miles  long. 

Corme,  kon'mi,  a  small  port  on  the  N.W.  coast  of 
Spain,  in  Qalicia,  30  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Corunna,  on  a  bay 
of  the  same  name. 

Cormeilles,  koR'mi'y^  or  koR'mail',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Oise.  15  miles  N.  of  Beaurais.     Pop.  927. 


CormeillcSf  %  town  of  France,  in  Eure,  38  mllM 
W.N.W.  of  Kvreux.     I'op.  1431. 

Corme-ltoyal,  konm-ro'y&l',  a  town  of  France,  In 
Charente-Inf^riouro,  9  miles  W.  of  Saintes.     Pop.  1414. 

Cormery,  koit^m^h-ree',  a  town  of  France,  in  Indre-ot- 
Loire,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Tours,  on  the  Indre.     Pop.  1039. 

Corm  icy  t  kon^mee^soe',  a  town  of  France,  in  Marno, 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Uhciras.     Pop.  1431. 

CormonSj  kon'mons,  a  town  of  Austria,  government  of 
Triest,  and  7  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Qiirs.  Pop.  4577,  partly 
engaged  in  silk-manufacturos. 

Cor'morantf  a  township  of  Becker  co.,  Minn.     P.  123. 

Coriiioraiit  MiUs,  a  post-oflice  of  Becker  oo.,  Minn. 

Cornabuss,  Ontario.     See  Markdai.e. 

Cornate,  koR-n&'t&,  or  Coronate,  ko-ro-nS,'t&,  a  vil- 
lage of  Italy,  21  miles  N.N.E.  of  Milan.     Pop.  1526. 

Corn  Creek,  of  Conecuh  co.,  Ala.,  flows  into  Conecuh 
River  from  the  N. 

Corn  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Trimble  co.,  Ky. 

Cornegiiano,  koR-n^l-y&'no,  or  Cornigliano,  kon- 
neel-yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  3  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Genoa,  on 
the  Mediterranean. 

Cornegliano,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  26  miles 
S.E.  of  Turin.     Pop.  2038. 

Corneilla-de-la-Rivi^re,  koR'ni'yl'-d^h-li-reo* 
ve-aiR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Pyr6n6os-Orientale8,  10  miles 
W.  of  Pcrpignan.     Pop.  1355. 

Comeiile  (kor-neel')  or  Cor'ney  Creek  rises  ia 
Columbia  co..  Ark.,  runs  southeastward  into  Louisiana,  and 
enters  the  Bayou  d'Arbonne  in  Union  parish,  2  or  3  miles 
W.  of  Farmersville.     It  is  about  90  miles  long. 

Corne'lia,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co..  Mo.,  9  miles 
S.  of  Warrensburg.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  100. 

Corne'lius,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Oregon, 
on  the  Oregon  Central  Railroad,  20  miles  W.  of  Portland. 
It  has  2  flouring-mills. 

Cor'nell',  a  post-village  of  Livingston  co..  111.,  in 
Amity  township,  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Paducah  Railroad,  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Pontiac,  and  110  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of 
tile.     Pop.  437. 

Cornell,  Michigan.    See  Sebewa. 

Cornell'ville,  or  Far'mersville,  a  hamlet  in  Oxford 
CO.,  Ontario,  17  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Tilsonburg.    Pop.  100. 

Cor'nersburg,  a  hamlet  of  Mahoning  co.,  0.,  5  miles 
N.E.  of  Canfield. 

Cor'nerstone,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co..  Ark.,  3 
miles  E.  of  New  Gascony.     It  has  general  stores,  Ac. 

Cornersviile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dorchester  co.,  Md.,  8 
miles  AV.N.'^Y'.  of  Cambridge. 

Cornersviile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  Miss.,  18 
miles  S.E.  of  Waterford.     It  has  a  church. 

Cornersviile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hickory  co..  Mo.,  40 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Clinton.     It  has  a  church. 

Cornersviile,  a  post- village  of  Marshall  oo.,  Tenn.,  17 
miles  N.E.  of  Pulaski,  and  about  55  miles  S.  of  Nashville. 
It  has  3  churches  and  a  male  and  female  institute.  Pop. 
in  1880,  290. 

Coronet',  a  post-office  of  Faribault  co.,  Minn. 

Corneto,  koR-nd'to  (anc.  Cometum? ),  a  maritime  town 
of  Central  Italy,  province  of  Rome,  12  miles  by  rail  N.  of 
Civita  Vecchia,  on  a  lofty  height,  bordering  the  Mediter- 
ranean, and  1  mile  from  the  ruins  of  Tarquinii,  to  which 
city  it  succeeded  in  the  sixth  century  as  a  bishop's  see.  Pop. 
5652.  It  has  a  Gothic  cathedral  with  a  fine  dome  and 
various  antiques.  Many  of  its  private  houses  and  churches 
are  built  partly  with  materials  from  the  ancient  Tarquinii. 
In  the  vicinity  are  many  Etruscan  tombs. 

Cor^netts'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Daviess  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Bogard  township. 

Corn  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Williamson  co.,  Tex.,  about 
12  miles  N.  of  Georgetown.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  300. 

Cornia,  koR'ne-i,  a  river  of  Italy,  enters  the  Mediter- 
ranean 3  miles  E.  of  Piombino.     Length,  24  miles. 

Cornigliano,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Corneoliano. 

Corniglio,  koR-neel'yo,  a  town  of  Italy,  25  miles' 
S.S.W.  of  Parma,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Beatica  and^ 
Parma  Rivers.     Pop.  4777. 

Cornimont,  koR^nee^miu"'  (Qer.  Homenherg,  hon'- 
n^n-b^Ra),  a  town  of  France,  in  Vosges,  on  the  frontier  of 
Alsace,  .33  miles  S.E.  of  Epinal.     Pop.  1310. 

Cor'ning,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clay  co..  Ark.,  153 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Little  Rock.  It  has  a  newspaper 
office,  a  church,  2  saw-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  584. 

Corning,  a  post-village  of  Tehama  co.,  Cal.,  19  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Red  Bluff.   It  has  a  church  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Corning,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Adams  co.,  Iowa,  on 


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the  East  Branch  of  the  Nodaway  River,  and  on  thf.  Burling- 
ton ct  Missouri  River  Railroad,  136  miles  W.  of  Ottumwa, 
and  about  80  miles  S.W.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  3  banljs,  a 
high  school,  3  newspaper  offices,  and  5  churches.  Pop.  in 
1890,  1682. 

Corning)  a  post-village  of  Nemaha  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Central  Branch  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  55  miles  W. 
by  N.  from  Atchison.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  manufac- 
tures of  lumber,  <fcc.     Pop.  in  1890,  291. 

Corning,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  19  miles 
N.E.  of  Allegan.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Corning,  a  post-village  of  Holt  co.,  Mo.,  in  Lincoln 
township,  on  the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  <fc  Council  Bluffs 
Railroad,  51  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Joseph,  and  about  2  miles 
from  the  Mississippi  River.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  hemp,  farm-implements,  ropes,  and  flour. 

Corning,  a  city  of  New  York,  one  of  the  capitals  of 
Steuben  co.,  is  situated  on  the  Chemung  River,  and  on  the 
Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  and  the  Erie  Railroads, 
290  miles  W.N.W.  of  New  York,  132  miles  E.S.E.  of  Buf- 
falo, and  16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Elmira.  It  is  a  terminus  of 
several  branches  of  the  Fall  Brook  Railroad  system,  which 
connect  it  with  the  coal-mines  of  Lycoming  and  Tioga  cos., 
Pa.,  and  with  the  New  York  Central  system.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  7  churches,  the  Corning  Free  Academy,  a  pub- 
lic library,  2  banks,  several  iron-foundries,  manufactures  of 
railroad-cars,  extensive  glass-works,  stove-works,  lumber 
industries,  <fcc.  Two  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers  are 
published  here.  A  bridge  across  the  river  connects  Cor- 
ning with  Knoxville.  Pop.  in  1880,  4802;  in  1890,  8560. 
Corning,  a  post-village  of  Perry  co.,  0.,  12  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  New  Lexington.  It  has  4  churches,  a  foundry, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  1551. 

Corning,  a  post-village  of  Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  16  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  AUentown. 

Corning,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  Wis.,  7  miles 
S.W.  of  Merrill. 

Cor'nish,  a  post-village  of  York  co..  Me.,  on  the  Ossi- 
pee  River,  27  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Portland.  It  has 
3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  sleighs  and  clothing. 
Pop.  of  Cornish  township,  1118. 

Cornish,  a  post-township  of  Sibley  co.,  Minn.  Pop. 
171,  mostly  Swedes. 

Cornish,  a  township  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  E. 
bank  of  the  Connecticut  River.  It  has  3  churches.  Pop. 
1334.  See  Cornish  Flat. 
Cornish  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.H. 
Cornish  Flat,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Cornish  township,  8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Windsor,  Vt.,  and 
about  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Claremont.     It  has  a  church. 

Cor'uishville,  a  post-village  of  Mercer  co.,  Ky.,  about 
35  miles  S.W.  of  Lexington.  It  has  manufactures  of  flour 
and  lumber.     Pop.  151. 

Corn'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Logan  co..  111.,  on  the 
Gilman,  Clinton  &  Springfield  Railroad,  16  miles  N.E.  of 
Springfield.     It  has  2  churches. 

Cor'nog's,  a  station  in  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Waynes- 
burg  Branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  8  miles  from 
Downingtown. 

Cornouailles,  koR^noo-wil',  a  former  district  of 
France,  in  Lower  Brittany,  now  comprised  in  the  depart- 
ments of  Finistfire,  COtes-du-Nord,  and  Morbihan.  Its 
capital  was  Quimper-Corentin.  Cornwall,  in  England,  is 
sometimes  written  Cornouailles  by  the  French. 

Corn'planter,  a  township  of  Venango  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
10,100.  It  contains  Oil  City,  Rouseville,  Petroleum  Centre, 
and  other  oil  towns. 

Cornplanter,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co..  Pa. 
Corn'propst's   Mills,  a  post-office   of  Huntingdon 
CO..  Pa. 

Corns'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Va.,  35  miles 
N.W,  of  Bristol,  Tenn.     It  has  a  church. 

Corn'ton,  a  former  post-office  of  De  Kalb  co..  111.,  on 
the  Chicago  &  Iowa  Railroad,  now  called  Shabbona. 

Cornucopia,  kor^nu-ko'pe-a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jones 
eo.,  Qa.,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Clinton. 

Cornucopia,  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  Oregon,  33 
miles  S.E.  of  Union.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  <feo.     Pop.  182. 

Cornudella,  koR-noo-cfil'yi,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Cata- 
lonia, 24  miles  N.W.  of  Tarragona.     Pop.  3000. 

Cornus,  koR^nilce',  a  town  of  France,  in  Aveyron,  15 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Saint-Afifrique.     Pop.  1558. 

Corn'ville,  a  post-township  of  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  about 
8  miles  N.  of  Skowhegan.  It  has  2  churches  and  several 
Baw-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  785. 

<;orn'wall,  a  county  of  England,  forming  its  S.W.  ex- 


tremity, enclosed  on  all  sides  by  the  sea,  except  on  the  E., 
where  it  is  mostly  separated  from  Devonshire  by  the  river 
Tamar.  Length,  78  miles ;  breadth,  43  miles.  Area,  1359 
square  miles,  including  the  Scilly  Islands.  The  surface  is 
intersected  from  W.  to  E.  by  a  ridge  of  rugged  and  bleak 
hills,  and  very  scantily  timbered,  but  it  has  some  very  pic- 
turesque and  fertile  valleys.  On  the  northern  coast  a  con- 
siderable extent  of  surface  has  been  overwhelmed  with  sand, 
covering  hills  of  several  hundred  feet  in  height.  The  shores 
are  greatly  indented  by  inlets  of  the  sea,  the  principal  of 
which  are  St.  Ives  and  Padstow,  harbors  on  the  Irish  Sea, 
and,  on  the  English  Channel,  St.  Blazey  Bay,  Falmouth 
Harbor,  and  Mount's  Bay.  Principal  rivers,  the  Tamar, 
Lynher,  Towey,  Fal,  and  Camel  or  Alan.  Wheat,  barley, 
and  oats  are  the  chief  crops,  and  agriculture  has  lately  im- 
proved. The  pilchard-fishery  employs  much  capital.  Corn 
wall  is  rich  in  metals:  its  tin-mines  have  been  known  and 
wrought  from  remote  antiquity.  The  great  metallic  dis 
trict  extends  from  Dartmoor,  in  Devonshire,  on  the  E.,  to 
the  Land's  End  on  the  W.  Tin,  copper,  slate,  soapstono, 
and  fine  china-clay  are  the  leading  mineral  products.  Sil- 
.  ver,  lead,  zinc,  iron,  manganese,  antimony,  arsenic,  mag- 
nesia, cobalt,  and  bismuth  are  also  found.  The  exports  are 
nearly  confined  to  mining-produce  and  fi?h.  Its  principal 
towns  are  Bodmin,  Truro,  Launceston,  Falmouth,  Penryn, 
and  Penzance.  This  part  of  Britain  was  not  subdued  by 
the  Saxons  till  the  time  of  Athelstan,  and  its  vernacular  lan- 
guage (the  Cornish,  a  dialect  of  the  Celtic)  became  extinct 
about  1800.  The  district  contains  many  Druidical  stones 
and  other  rude  monuments,  as  also  ruins  of  baronial  castles. 
Capital,  Bodmin.  Pop.  in  1881,  330,686;  in  1891,  322,589. 
Cornwall  forms  a  duchy,  settled  on  the  eldest  son  of  the 
sovereign,  who,  accordingly,  to  his  other  titles  adds  that  of 
"  Duke  of  Cornwall ;"  but  the  duchy  is  much  larger  than 
the  county,  including  parts  of  Devonshire  and  Dorsetshire. 
Adj.  Cor'nish  ;  inhab.  Cor'nishman. 

Corn'wall,  a  post-township  of  Litchfield  co..  Conn., 
about  36  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Hartford,  is  bounded  on  the  W. 
by  the  Housatonic  River.  It  has  7  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  iron,  shears,  &c.  Pop.  1772.  It  contains  vil- 
lages named  Cornwall  and  Cornwall  Bridge. 

Cornwall,  a  post- village  of  Litchfield  co..  Conn.,  in 
Cornwall  township,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Litchfield.  It  is  situ- 
ated in  a  plain  surrounded  by  hills,  and  has  1  or  2  churches. 

Cornwall,  a  township  of  Henry  co..  III.     Pop.  952. 

Cornwall,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Madison  co..  Mo., 
on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  112 
miles  S.  of  St.  Louis. 

Cornwall,  a  post-township  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  is  about 
48  miles  N.  of  New  York  City,  and  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  the  Hudson  River.  It  comprises  part  of  the  beautiful 
scenery  of  the  Highlands,  and  contains  the  village  and 
military  academy  of  West  Point,  also  a  village  named  Corn- 
wall on  the  Hudson.  It  has  many  superior  hotels  and 
boarding-houses,  which  in  summer  entertain  many  thou- 
sands of  visitors.  Cornwall  Post-Offico  is  at  the  village  of 
Canterbury,  and  Cornwall  Station  (with  Idlewild  Post-Office) 
is  on  the  Newburg  &  New  York  Railroad,  5  miles  from  New- 
burg.    Pop.  in  1890,  3766. 

CorUAvall,  a  post-township  of  Lebanon  co.,  Pa.,  25  miles 
E.  of  Harrisburg.  The  borough  of  Lebanon  is  contiguous 
to  its  northern  boundary.  It  has  5  iron-furnaces,  and  mines 
of  iron  and  copper.  Pop.  2008.  Cornwall  Station,  7i  miles 
S.  of  Lebanon,  is  connected  with  that  town  by  the  Cornwall 
Railroad. 

Cornwall,  a  post-township  of  Addison  co.,  Vt.,  about 
4  miles  S.W.  of  Middlebury,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Otter 
Creek.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  969. 

Cornwall,  a  port  of  entry,  the  chief  town  of  the  united 
COS.  of  Stormont  and  Glengarry,  Ontario,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Cornwall  Canal,  on  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  and  on  the 
Grand  Trunk  Railway,  67  miles  S.W.  of  Montreal,  and  105 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Kingston.  Several  large  mills  and  factories 
are  erected  here,  among  them  one  of  the  finest  woollen-fac- 
tories in  the  Dominion,  and  a  cotton-factory.  The  town 
contains  several  churches  and  hotels,  and  printing-offices 
from  which  2  weekly  newspapers  are  issued.     Pop.  2033. 

Cornwall,  or  Pye's  Corners,  a  post-village  in 
Queens  co..  Prince  Edward  Island,  7  miles  from  Charlotte- 
town.     Pop.  275. 

Cornwall  Bridge,  a  post-village  of  Litchfield  co., 
Conn.,  in  Cornwall  township,  on  the  Housatonic  River  and 
the  Housatonic  Railroad,  57  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bridgeport.  It 
has  a  church,  a  hotel,  and  a  furnace  for  pig-iron. 

Cornwall  Hollow,  a  post-hamlet  of  Litchfield  oo., 
Conn.,  in  Cornwall  township,  about  36  miles  W.N.W.  oif 
Hartford.    It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-milL 


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coil 


CoTBVai'litt  •  poct-hftinlet  of  Ritohie  eo.,  W.  Va.,  on 
tb«  BiUUmora  A  Ohio  Kailroad,  32  milM  E.  of  Parkerfburg. 
It  baa  a  ohurah. 

Cornwallis,  Nova  Sootia.    See  WoLrTiixi:. 

Corn'WKll  Island,  an  uland  in  the  South  Atlantic. 
Lat.  «1<»S.;  Ion.  W  28'  W. 

Cornwall  Island*  an  island  in  the  MulgraTe  Arohi- 
palago,  in  the  Pacitlo,  N.  of  tho  Itadauk  chain. 

CornwaI'lis  Island*  in  the  Arotio  Ocean,  E.  of  Bath- 
nnt,  of  which  it  is  really  apeninnuln.  Lnt.  65°  N.;  Ion.  96°  \V. 

Cornwallis  Islands.    Sec  Jobnston  Islands. 

Corn'wnll  Lnudiug,  a  village  of  Orange  cc,  N.Y., 
•a  the  liiubon  Itivcr,  about  6  miles  below  Is'owburg,  and 
bear  the  N.  border  of  the  Highlands.     Pop.  200. 

Cornwall  on  the  Ilndson*  a  post-village  and  sum- 
mer resort  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Cornwall  township,  on 
the  Hudson  Kivcr,  5  miles  below  Newburg.  It  is  at  the 
foot  of  Storm  King,  a  peak  of  the  Highlands.  Including 
Canterbury,  it  has  7  churches,  a  savings-bank,  a  woullon- 
mill,  a  phining-uiill,  a  brick-yard,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
This  village  is  adjacent  to  Canterbury,  and  is  3  miles  from 
Cornwall  Station  of  the  Erie  Ilailroad.  There  are  20  large 
hotels  and  boarding-houses  hero. 

Corn'wall's,  a  station  in  Chester  co.,  S.C,  on  tho  Char- 
lotte, Columbia  &  AuguHta  Railroad,  S  miles  S.  of  Chester. 

Corn'wallville,  a  post-liaiulet  of  Greene  co..  N.Y.,  in 
Durham  township,  at  the  base  of  tho  Catskill  Mountains, 
20  miles  W.  of  Catskill.     It  has  a  church. 

Corn'weli,  a  post-village  of  Mcnifco  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Mount  Sterling  Coal  Railroad,  20  miles  S.E.of  Mount  Ster- 
ling. It  has  2  coal-mines,  a  limo-kiln,  and  several  saw-mills. 
Pop.  about  300. 

Corn'weli's,  a  station  in  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Phila- 
delphia &  Trenton  Ilailroad,  17  miles  N.E.  of  West  Phila- 
delphia. 

Coro,  or  Santa  Afla  de  Core,  sln'ti  in'yildiko'ro, 
formerly  Venezuela,  a  town  of  Veneiuela,  capital  of  the 
state  of  Fakson,  on  or  near  tho  sea,  155  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Valencia,  and  near  the  isthmus  connecting  Paraguana  with 
the  mainland.     Its  trade  has  declined.    Pop.  8172. 

Corogue,  a  French  name  for  Corunxa. 

Cor^oman'del,  a  town  of  New  Zealand,  province  of 
Auckland,  on  tho  E.  shore  of  tho  Firth  of  ThMues.  It  has 
ipld-quartz  mines  and  2  tri-wcekly  papers.     Pop.  1174. 

Cor^oman'dcl  Coast,  in  India,  extends  along  the 
side  of  the  peninsula,  through  nearly  six  degrees  of  latitude, 
from  Point  Calymere  to  the  mouth  of  the  river  Kistnah. 
The  cities  of  Madras,  Tranquebar,  and  Pondichcrry,  and  the 
towns  of  Sadrns,  Cuddalore,  Carrical,  Pulicat,  Nagore,  and 
Negapatam,  are  on  this  coast. 

Coron,  a  seaport  town  of  Greece.    See  Koron. 

Corona,  ko-ro'n4,  a  hamlet  of  Northern  Italy,  15  miles 
N.W.  of  Verona.  It  is  celebrated  for  a  battle  between  the 
French  and  Austrians,  January  15,  1797. 

Coro'na,  a  mining  post- village  of  Walker  co.,  Ala.,  54 
miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Birmingham.     It  has  a  church. 

Corona,  a  post-bamlct  of  Morgan  co.,  Col.,  14  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Fort  Morgan.     It  has  general  stores,  Ac. 

Corona,  a  village  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  12  miles  by  rail 
from  New  York.     It  has  a  church. 

Corona,  a  post-village  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Flushing.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  2362. 

Corona,  a  post-village  of  Roberts  co.,  S.l).,  5  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Wilmot.  It  has  a  grain-elevator,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  district  school. 

Corona,  a  poet-office  of  Tipton  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Mis- 
sissippi River. 

Corona'ca,  a  post-villageof  Abbeville  co.,  S.C,  2 1  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Laurens  Court-ilouse.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  flour-mill,  and  general  stores.     Pop.  100. 

Corona'do,  a  post-village  of  San  Diego  eo.,  Cal.,  about 
25  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  San  Diego.  It  has  5  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  foundry,  chemical-works,  &o.   Pop.  1000. 

Coronado,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wichita  co.,  Kansas,  5 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Leoti.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  100. 

Coronata,  ko-ro-n&.'t&,  an  island  of  Dalmatia,  in  the 
Adriatic,  18  miles  S.  of  Zara.     Length,  15  miles. 

Coronate,  a  village  of  Italy.    Soo  Cornate. 

Corona'tion  Gulf,  in  the  Arctic  Ocean,  in  British 
North  America,  is  W.  of  Victoria  Land  and  Kent  Penin- 
sula.    Lat.  68°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  110°  W. 

Coronation  Island,  in  the  South  Alantio  Ocean,  is 
in  lat.  60°  32'  3.,  Ion.  4fi°  52'  W. 

Coronation  Island,  in  Alaska,  is  W.  of  Prince  of 
Wales  Archipelago. 

Coronda,  ko-ron'd&,  a  town  in  the  province  of  Santa 
Fc,  Argentine  Republic,  36  miles  from  the  city  of  Santa  F6. 


Coronel,  ko-ro-nil',  a  town  of  Chili,  on  the  Fca,  pror. 
inoo  and  25  miles  S.  of  Concepcion.  Hero  are  important 
mines  of  tertiary  coal,  which  is  loaded  upon  steamers  at  ths 
pit's  mouth  ;  also  large  smelting-works.     Pop.  5658. 

Coronil,  ko-ro-ncd',  a  town  of  Spain,  24  miles  S.E.  of 
Seville,  on  a  crown-ehapod  hill  (whence  its  name),  with 
ruins  of  a  Moorish  custlc.     Pop.  3940. 

Coroniuui,  the  Latin  name  of  Corunna. 

Coroora,  or  Corura,  ko-roo'r&,  an  island  in  tho  Pa- 
cific Ocean,  Pelcw  group.     Lnt.  7°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  135°  E. 

Corozal',  a  town  of  Balize,  at  its  extreme  N.  point,  is 
the  second  town  of  iniportanco  in  the  colony.     Po|i.  2000. 

Corpach,  kor'p&K,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Argyle, 
on  tho  E.  bank  of  Loch  Eil,  2i  miles  N.  of  Fort  William, 
at  the  entrance  of  the  Caledonian  Canal. 

Corpi  Santi,  kor'pce  sAn'tce,  a  suburban  district  near 
Milan,  in  Italy.  Pop.  62,076.  Another  Cor])i  Snnti  is  near 
Pavia,  in  Italy.     Pop.  4167. 

Corps,  kon,  a  town  of  France,  in  Iscre,  on  tho  Drao,  28 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Grenoble.     Pop.  1176. 

Corps-Nuds,  koR-nUd,  a  town  of  France,  in  Illo-et< 
Vilaine,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Rcnnes.     Pop.  2170. 

Corpus  Christi,  kor'pus  kris'tee,  a  post-town,  capital 
of  Nueces  co.,  Tex.,  on  Corpus  Christi  Bay,  at  tho  mouth  of 
the  Nueces  River,  about  140  miles  S.S.E.  of  Sun  Antonio, 
and  200  miles  W.S.W.  of  Galveston.  It  is  tho  tcrminits  of 
the  San  Antonio  &  Aransas  Pass,  and  of  a  branch  of  the 
Mexican  National  Railroads.  It  is  supported  mainly  by 
trade,  and  has  4  newspaper  offices,  2  banks,  a  convent, 
6  churches,  bottling-works,  and  manufactures  of  brooms, 
sash,  doors,  and  blinds.     Pop.  in  1890,  4387. 

Corpus  Christi  Bay,  a  lagoon  in  Texas,  lat.  27°  30' 
N.,  Ion.  98°  W.,  forming  the  N.  extremity  of  the  Laguna 
del  Madre,  and  separated  by  Mustang  Island  from  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico,  with  which  it  communicates  by  Aransas  Pass 
and  Corpus  Christi  Inlet.     It  receives  tho  river  Nueces. 

Corragia,  a  Latin  name  of  Cork. 

Corral  de  AIniagucr,  koR-n&l'  di.  il-mi-ghdn',  a 
town  of  Spain,  province  and  45  miles  E.S.E.  of  Toledo,  in 
a  fertile  plain  near  the  Rianzares.     Pop.  3460. 

Corral  de  Calatrava,  kon-n&l'  dh  kJl-U-tri'vJl,  a 
town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ciudud 
Real.     Pop.  1720. 

Corrales,  koR-R&'Ids,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
52  miles  E.S.E.  of  Seville.     Pop.  1834. 

Corralitos,  kor-ril'ee-toce,  a  post-village  of  Santa 
Cruz  CO.,  Cal.,  6  miles  N.  of  Watsonville,  and  14  miles  E, 
of  Santa  Cruz.     It  has  a  public  hall  and  a  flouring-mill, 

Cor^ral'  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  in  the  Middle 
Park,  in  lat.  40°  11'  12"  N.,  Ion.  106°  <J'  2"  W.  It  has  an 
altitude  of  11,333  feet  above  tho  sea-level. 

Correc'tionville,  a  post-village  of  Woodbury  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Little  Sioux,  24  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Cherokee, 
and  32  miles  E.  of  Siou.\  City.  It  has  2  churches,  2  banks,  a 
newspaper  office,  marble-  and  granite-works,  &o.    Pop.  869. 

Cor'regaum',  a  village  of  British  India,  presidency 
of  Bombay,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Poonah,  on  tho  Beemah. 

Correggio,  kon-ndd'jo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Modena,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Reggie.  Pop.  12,094.  It  is  the 
birthplace  (^  Antonio  Allegri,  known  as  Correggio. 

Correse,  kon-ni'sA,  a  village  of  Central  Italy,  province 
and  IS  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rieti,  near  the  Correse,  on  the  site 
of  the  ancient  Cures, 

Corr^ze,  koR^naiz'  or  kon^R^z',  a  river  of  France,  rises 
in  the  department  of  Corrcze,  flows  S.W.,  and  joins  the 
Vezcre  at  Saint-Pantalcon-de-Larches.     Length,  50  miles. 

Corrdze,  a  department  of  France,  between  the  depart- 
ments of  Creuse,  Haute-Vicnnc,  Dordogne,  Lot,  Cantal,  and 
Puy-de-Douic,  and  between  lat.  44°  55'  and  45°  40'  N. 
Area,  2218  square  miles.  Surface  hilly.  Principal  rivers, 
the  Dordogne  and  the  V6zero,  of  which  latter  the  Correzo  is 
an  affluent.  Soil  poor.  Corn  is  raised  for  exportation,  but 
many  of  the  population  subsist  on  chestnut  flour.  Cattle 
are  reared  for  the  Paris  markets.  Other  chief  products 
are  timber,  coal,  iron,  copper,  lead,  and  mill-stoncs.  It  is 
divided  into  the  3  arrondissements  of  Tulle  (the  capital), 
Brive,  and  Ussel.     Pop.  in  1886,  326,494. 

Corrcze,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Corr<ize,  9 
miles  N.E.  of  Tulle.     Pop.  1676. 

Corrib,  Lough,  Ireland.    Sec  Loucn  Corrib. 

Corrientes,  koR-Re-en'tis,  a  province  of  the  Argentine 
Republic,  bounded  N.  by  Paraguaj',  E.  by  Brazil,  and  W. 
by  the  river  Parana.  The  Uruguay  washes  its  E.  border. 
Much  of  its  northern  part  is  low  and  marshy.  Leading 
products,  corn,  cotton,  indigo,  tobacco,  and  sugar.  Capital, 
Corrientes.     Pop.  129,023.     Area,  22,394  square  miles. 

CorrienteS}  or  San  Juau  de    Corrientt'S,  s&a 


COR 


959 


COR 


Hoo-in'  d4  koR-Reo-en'tds,  a  town  and  capital  of  the  above 
province,  on  tho  E.  banli  of  the  Parang,  below  the  conflu- 
ence of  tho  Paraguay.  Lat.  27°  27'  31"  S. ;  Ion.  58°  46'  W. 
It  has  a  good  trade  in  furs,  hides,  mat6,  cotton,  sugar,  to- 
bacco, wool,  and  timber.     Pop.  (1884)  15,500. 

Corrievrekin,  Corryvreckan,  kor-re-vrfik'kan,  or 
Corrybrcclitan,  korVe-br^K'tan,  a  whirlpool  oflf  the  W. 
coast  of  Scotland,  between  the  islands  of  Jura  and  Scarba, 
occasioned  by  the  tide-stream  being  opposed  by  a  pyramidal 
rock  which  rises  within  15  fathoms  of  the  surface. 

Cor'rigan,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co.,  Tex.,  22  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Livingston.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper 
oflBce,  and  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  in  1890,  298. 

Cor'riganville»  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  eo.,  Md., 
at  the  junction  of  the  Pittsburg  &  Connellsville  Railroad 
with  the  Cumberland  &  Pennsylvania  Railroad  and  the 
extension  of  the  Bedford  <t  Bridgeport  Railroad,  4  or  5 
miles  N.W.  of  Cumberland.     It  has  a  church. 

Corriskin,  a  Scottish  lake.    See  Loch  Corriskin. 

Corrodunum,  the  Latin  name  for  Cracow. 

Corro'na,  a  hamlet  of  Mississippi. 

Corropoli,  koR-Rop'o-Iee,  a  town  of  Italy  province 
and  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Teramo.     Pop.  3492. 

Corry,  Dade  co.,  Mo.     See  Dadeville. 

Cor'ry,  a  city  of  Erie  co.,  Pa.,  situated  at  the  point 
where  the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad  crosses  the 
Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad,  and  on  the  Western  New 
York  &  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  37  miles  S.E.  of  Erie.  It 
owes  its  rapid  growth  chiefly  to  the  manufacturing  and 
shipping  business.  It  contains  9  churches,  2  national 
banks,  a  convent,  a  Catholic  academy,  a  high  school,  3 
machine-shops,  several  steam  saw-mills,  cigar-factories, 
oil-supply  works,  chair-  and  furniture-factories,  a  broom- 
factory,  3  tanneries,  a  boiler-shop,  a  patent-medicine  fac- 
tory, a  bed-spring  factory,  3  manufactories  of  sash  and 
doors,  and  2  daily  and  2  weekly  newspaper  offices.  The 
first  house  was  built  here  about  1860.    Pop.  in  1890,  5677. 

Corrybrechtan,  or  Corryvrechan.  See  Corrie- 
vrekin. 

Corrytown,  New  York.     Sec  Flat  Creek 

Corse,  the  French  name  of  Corsica. 

CorseiB,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Fourni  Islands. 

Corseul,  koR^sul'  (anc.  Fa'nnm  Mar' tie),  a  village  of 
France,  in  C6tes-du-Nord,  26  miles  E.  of  Saint-Brieuc,  with 
numerous  Roman  remains.     Pop.  282  ;  of  commune,  3247. 

Corse'wall  Point,  a  headland  of  Scotland,  on  its 
S.W.  coast,  CO.  of  Wigtown,  12  miles  N.  of  Port  Patrick, 
with  a  light-house.     Lat.  55°  1'  N.;  Ion.  5°  9'  W. 

Corsica,  kor'se-ka  (anc.  Cyr'nos,  afterwards  Cor'tica; 
Fr.  Corse,  koRs),  an  island  of  a  somewhat  irregular  but 
compact  shape,  in  the  Mediterranean,  situated  between  lat. 
41°  20'  and  43°  N.  and  Ion.  8°  30'  and  9°  30'  E.,  separated 
S.  from  Sardinia  by  the  Strait  of  Bonifacio,  10  miles  wide. 
Greatest  length,  from  N.  to  S.,  110  miles;  greatest  breadth, 
53  miles ;  area,  3377  square  miles.  The  E.  coast  is  remark- 
able for  its  uniformity,  but  the  W.  coast  presents  a  striking 
contrast,  a  number  of  deep  bays  following  one  another  in 
rapid  succession.  Of  these,  the  most  important,  proceeding 
from  N.  to  S.,  are  the  Gulfs  of  Santo  Fiorenzo,  Calvi,  Porto, 
Liscia,  Ajaocio,  and  Valinoo.  The  interior  is  traversed  by 
a  mountain-chain,  the  culminating  point,  Monte  Cinto, 
having  a  height  of  8889  feet,  while  several  of  tho  other  sum- 
mits exceed  8000  feet  and  for  the  greater  part  of  the  year 
are  covered  with  snow.  From  both  sides  of  the  chain 
numerous  streams  descend.  The  heat  is  sometimes  excess- 
ive, but  the  sky  is  generally  clear,  and  tho  air  bracing. 
Owing  to  the  mountainous  nature  of  the  surface,  the  greater 
part  of  it  remains  in  a  state  of  nature,  covered  with  prime- 
val forests.  Numerous  valleys,  however,  lie  between  tho 
lofty  ridges,  and  plains  of  considerable  extent  occur,  the 
soil  of  which  is  generally  fertile  and  well  adapted  for  the 
growth  of  the  cereals.  Rearing  live-stock  is  the  chief  branch 
of  industry ;  next  to  cattle,  tlie  chief  products  are  timber, 
honey,  wax,  olive  oil,  wheat,  grapes,  chestnuts,  figs,  Ac. 
Tho  prevailing  rocks  are  granite,  gneiss,  mica-slate,  por- 
phyry, and  serpentine.  Corsica  is  rich  in  minerals,  among 
which  are  antimony,  copper,  and  lead.  Manufactures  are 
nearly  limited  to  the  production  of  coarse  woollens,  hard- 
wares, leather,  and  wine. 

From  the  Phoenicians,  its  first  colonists,  the  island  took 
the  name  of  Cyrnos,  and  from  the  Romans  that  of  Corsica. 
On  the  decline  of  the  Roman  Empire  it  was  seized  by  tho 
Goths,  and  passed  from  them  to  tho  Saracens.  In  1481  it 
fell  under  the  dominion  of  the  Genoese,  who  retained  it  till 
1755,  when  a  great  part  of  it  was  wrested  from  them  by  the 
patriot  General  Paoli.  It  was  ceded  to  France  by  the  Gen- 
oese in  1768,  and  now  forms  a  department  of  that  country. 


Paoli  and  Napoleon  were  born  in  the  island.  Capital, 
Ajaccio.  Pop.  in  1891,  288,596,  mostly  of  Italian  descent. 
Adj.  and  inhab.  Corsican,  kor'se-kan. 

Corsica,  kor'se-ka,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morrow  co.,  0.,  in 
North  Bloomfield  township,  5  miles  S.S.E.  of  Gallon.  It 
has  several  churches. 

Corsica,  a  post-borough  of  Jefferson  co..  Pa.,  about  33 
miles  S.E.  of  Oil  City,  and  7  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Brookville. 
It  has  4  churches,  an  academy,  and  manufactures  of  lum- 
ber and  wagons.     Pop.  372. 

Corsicana,  kor'se-kah'na,  a  post-village  of  Barry  co., 
Mo.,  in  Shoal  Creek  township,  37  miles  S.E.  of  Carthage, 
and  10  miles  S.  of  Pierce  City.  It  has  3  churches,  the  Cor-, 
sicana  Institute,  a  woollen-factory,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
a  flouring-mill. 

Corsicana,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Navarro  co.,  Tex.,, 
on  the  Houston  &  Texas  Railroad,  53  miles  S.S.E.  of  Dallas, 
and  211  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Houston.  It  has  a  court-house, 
8  churches,  3  banks,  several  seminaries,  and  a  Catholio 
academy.  Two  daily  and  5  weekly  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished here.     Pop.  in  1890,  6285. 

Corsico,  koR'se-ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  4i  miles  S.W. 
of  Milan.     It  is  the  depot  for  Parmesan  cheese.     Pop.  1520. 

Cors'ley,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Wilts,  3  milea 
N.W.  of  Warminster.     Pop.  of  parish,  1196. 

Cor'so,  a  post-ofiice  of  Lincoln  co..  Mo. 

Cor'so,  an  island  on  the  W.  coast  of  Patagonia,  about 
8  miles  long.     Lat.  49°  48'  S.;  Ion.  75°  .34'  W. 

Corsoer,  or  Korsor,  koR'sor\  a  town  of  Denmark,  in 
Seeland,  on  the  Great  Belt,  opposite  Nyborg,  with  an  old 
castle  and  a  port.  It  communicates  by  railway  with  Copen- 
hagen.    Pop.  3759. 

Cor'son's,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Plymouth  Branch  of  the  Germantown  &  Norristown  Rail- 
road, 4  miles  E.  of  Conshohocken. 

Cortachy,  kor'ti-Kce',  and  Clo'va,  two  conjoined 
parishes  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Forfar,  tho  village  of  Cortachy 
being  7i  miles  N.AV.  of  Forfar.  They  comprise  a  very  pic- 
turesque portion  of  the  Grampians.     Pop.  554. 

Cortaillod,  koR'tih^yo',  or  koRHih'yod',  a  village  of 
Switzerland,  5  miles  S.W.  of  NeufchrUel.     Pop.  1184. 

Cortale,  koR-ti'li.,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  9 
miles  W.S.AV.  of  Catanzaro.     Pop.  4266. 

Corte,  koRt  or  koRHA.',  a  town  of  Corsica,  near  its  centre, 
31  miles  S.AV.  of  Bastia.  Pop.  4835.  It  is  defended  by  a 
strong  castle,  and  has  a  polytechnic  school,  a  hospital,  and 
trade  in  corn  and  wine.     Near  it  are  quarries  of  marble. 

Corte  d'Argis,  Roumania.     See  Koorta  Argish. 

Corte  del  Palasio,  koR'ti  dfil  pi-li'se-o,  a  village  of. 
Italy,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Lodi.     Pop.  1796. 

Cortegana,  koR-td-g&'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  43  mile» 
N.N.E.  of  Huelva.     Pop.  3369. 

Corte  Madera,  kor'ti  mi-di'ri,  a  post-ofiice  and  sta- 
tion in  Marin  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  North  Pacific  Coast  Railroad, 
13  miles  N.N.W.  of  San  Francisco. 

Cortemaggiore,  konHi-mid-jo'rA,  (anc.  Cas'trum 
Lau'ri?  or  Cu'ria  Ma'jorf),  a  town  of  Italy,  15  miles  E. 
by  S.  of  Piacenza,  on  the  Larda.     Pop.  4736. 

Cortemarcq,  or  Kortcmark,  koR-ti-mank',  a  town 
of  Belgium,  in  West  Flanders,  15  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of 
Bruges.   It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  fabrics.  Pop.  4260. 

Cortemiglia,  koR-td-meel'yi,  a  town  of  Italy,  in. 
Piedmont,  province  of  Coni,  on  the  Bormida,  34  milea 
S.W.  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  3225. 

Corte-Olona,  koR'tA-o-lo'ni,  a  town  of  Northern- 
Italy,  11  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pavia,  on  the  Olona.    Pop.  2083. 

Corterate,  the  ancient  name  of  Coutras. 

Cortes,  koR'tSs,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre,  12  miles 
S.E.  of  Tudela,  near  the  Ebro.     Pop.  1107. 

Cortes  de  Arenoso,  kon'tfis  di  3,-ri-no'so,  a  town 
of  Spain,  28  miles  N.W.  of  Castellon  de  la  Plana.     Pop.  900. 

Cortes  de  la  Frontera,  koR'tSs  di  li  fron-ti'ri,  a 
town  of  Spain,  48  miles  W.S.W.  of  Malaga.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  leather.     Pop.  4330. 

Cortes  de  ia  Frontera,  koR'tis  di  1&  fron-td'rfl,  a 
bay  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  the  island  of  Cuba. 

Cortetz,  koR-tfits',  or  Cortitz,  koR-tits',  an  island 
of  Russia,  government  and  39  miles  S.  of  Yekaterinoslav, 
formed  by  the  Dnieper.  It  stands  165  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  river,  and  is  almost  impregnable.  It  was  the  sits 
of  the  celebrated  Setcha  of  the  Zaporog  Cossacks,  and  on 
their  removal,  in  1784,  by  Catherine  II.,  it  was  settled  by 
a  colony  of  German  Mennonites. 

Cor'tez,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Montezuma  oo..  Col.,  40 
miles  (direct)  W.  of  Durango.  It  has  2  church  organiza- 
tions, a  bank,  a  newspaper  ofiice,  a  roller-mill,  saw-mills, 
and  a  public  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  332. 


COR 


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Cortlandf  kOrt'l«nd,  a  oounty  in  the  S.  central  part  of 
Vvm  York,  bu  an  area  of  about  476  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Otselio  and  TioKhnioga  Kivers.  The  aur. 
Ikoe  is  undnlatiug  or  moderately  hilly;  the  soil  is  fertile. 
Butter,  ohecM,  oai%  hay,  Indian  oom,  potatoes,  and  maple 
■agar  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Syraeose,  fiinghnuiton  A  New  York  Railroad,  and 
bjr  a  braaeh  of  the  Mitllami  Railroad.  It  ha^i  quarries  of 
good  limestone  and  sandstoDe.  Capital,  Cortland.  Pup.  in 
1870,  26,173:  in  1880,  25,825;  in  UiO,  28,657. 

Cortland*  Alabama,  California,  Illinois,  Kansas,  Mioh- 
igaa,   Minnesota,   Mississippi,  Virginia,    and   Wisconsin. 

See  CODRTLAND. 

Cortlandf  or  Courtland,  kOrt'land,  a  post-villnge  of 
Jackson  co.,  Ind.,  4  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Seymour.  It  has 
a  church,  a  saw-mill,  a  flour-mill,  a  high  school,  and  2 
general  stores.     Pop.  about  200. 

Cortland*  a  post-village  of  Gage  eo..  Neb.,  17  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Beatrice.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  creamery,  lumber-mills,  a  high  school,  and 
manufnctures  of  harvesting-machines.     Pop.  in  1890,  509. 

Cortland,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cortland  co.,  N.Y., 
is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  Tioughnioga  River,  and  on  the 
Syracuse,  Binghamton  A  New  York  RA.ilroad,  and  the  £1- 
mira,  Cortland  &  Northern  Railroad,  37  miles  S.  of  Syra- 
cuse, and  43  miles  N.N.W.  of  Binghamton.  It  contains  9 
churches,  3  national  banks,  a  savings-bank,  an  academy,  a 
state  normal  and  training  school,  3  newspaper  offices,  stove- 
works,  wire-drawing  and  wire-wearing  works,  fumiture- 
and  cabinet-works,  a  scale-factory,  railroad  repair-shops, 
a  box-,  loop-,  and  harness-factory,  an  omnibus-factory,  a 
corset-factory,  a  desk-factory,  a,  forging-factory,  and  wagon- 
and  buggy-works.     Pop.  iii  1880,  4050;  in  1890,  8590. 

Cortland,  formerly  Ba'consbnrg,  a  post-village  of 
Trumbull  co.,  0.,  in  Bazetta  township,  on  the  Atlantic  A 
Great  Western  Railroad,  48  miles  E.N.E.  of  Akron,  and  8 
miles  N.E.  of  Warren.  It  contains  4  churches,  the  Cort- 
land Academic  Institute,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  cheese- 
factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  697  ;  of  the  township,  1298. 

Cortland  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co^  Mich., 
about  18  miles  N.E.  of  Grand  Rapids.     It  has  a  hotel. 

Cortland  on  Hudson,  a  post-office  of  Westchester 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River. 

Cort'landt,  a  township  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y., 
bounded  W.  by  the  river  Hudson.  Pop.  (including  Peeks- 
kill  and  other  villages)  11,970. 

Cortland  Village,  New  York.    See  Cobtland. 

Cort'landville,  a  township  of  Cortland  co.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
6140.     It  includes  Cortland  and  McQrawville. 

Cortona,  koR-to'n&  (anc.  Cor'ytum,  or  Gor'ythtu,  after- 
wards Coro'na),  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  in  ancient 
times  one  of  the  12  principal  cities  of  Etruria,  province  and 
73  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Florence,  on  a  hill  facing  the  Lake 
of  Perugia.  Pop.,  exclusive  of  suburbs,  3973.  Around  the 
city,  and  in  its  numerous  museums,  are  a  great  variety  of 
Etruscan  and  Roman  antiquities.  It  has  a  cathedral  of 
the  tenth  century,  which,  like  many  of  its  other  churches, 
contains  fine  works  of  art;  also  a  castle  built  by  the  Medici, 
a  famous  academy  of  sciences,  founded  in  1726,  a  theatre, 
and  trade  in  wine  and  olives.  Its  cyclopean  walls,  supposed 
to  have  been  erected  3000  years  ago,  remain  perfect  in  two- 
thirds  of  their  extent.     Cortona  is  a  bishop's  sec. 

Cortoriacum,  the  ancient  name  of  Courtrai. 

Corts'vllle,  a  hamlet  of  Clark  co.,  0.,  i  mile  from 
Bclma  Station'.     It  has  a  church. 

Coruche,  ko-roo'shi,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Alemtejo, 
60  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lisbon.     Pop.  3352. 

Corun'na  (Sp.  CoruHa,  ko-roon'yi;  Fr.  Corogne,  or 
La  Corogne,  14  ko'roS';  L.  Coro'nium  f),  a  fortified  city  of 
Spain,  capital  of  a  province  of  its  own  name,  on  a  bay  of 
the  Atlantic,  320  miles  N.W.  of  Madrid.  Lat.  43°  22'  6" 
N.;  Ion.  8°  22'  7"  W.  It  stands  on  the  E.  side  of  a  small 
peninsula,  and  consists  of  an  upper  and  a  lower  town,  the 
former  having  the  citadel,  and  the  latter  containing  the 
theatre,  custom-house,  reading-room,  palace  of  the  captain- 
general,  court-house,  arsenal,  and  barracks.  Its  harbor  is 
safe,  and  defended  on  the  E.  by  Fort  San  Diego  and  W.  by 
Fort  San  Antonio.  North  of  it  is  the  tower  of  Hercules,  a 
light-house  on  a  Roman  foundation.  A  great  part  of  its 
population  is  employed  in  the  herring-  and  pilchard-fishery. 
It  has  2  glass-factories,  2  cotton-factories,  and  manufactures 
of  linen  goods,  hats,  cordage,  canvas,  and  cigars.  Some 
ship-building  is  carried  on,  and  it  has  a  school  of  naviga- 
tion.   Railways  extend  hence  into  the  interior.    Pop.  29,823. 

Corunna  (Sp.  Coruila),  the  northwesternmost  province 
of  Spain,  in  Galioia,  bounded  W.  and  N.  by  the  sea.  Area, 
3065  square  miles.    It  is  generally  mountainous.    Chief 


towns,  Corunna  (the  capital),  Ferrol,  Santiago,  and  Betan> 
soe.     Pop.  in  1884,  616,043. 

Corun'na,  a  post-village  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind.,  in  Rich- 
land township,  on  the  Air-Lino  division  of  the  Lake  Shore 
A  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  38  miles  E.S.E.  of  Goshen. 
It  has  2  churches,  2  carriage-shops,  and  sereral  stores.  Pop. 
about  600. 

Corunna,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Shiawassee  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Shiawassee  River,  and  on  the  Detroit  A  Mil- 
waukee Railroad,  75  miles  N.W.  of  Detroit.  3  miles  E.  of 
Owosso,  and  31  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lansing.  It  has  a  court- 
house, a  union  school,  a  national  bank,  2  iron-foundries,  7 
churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  woollen-mill,  and  uianufae- 
tures  of  flour,  lumber,  sash,  blinds,  and  brick  and  tile  in 
large  quantities.  Coal  is  found  near  this  place.  Pop.  in 
1890,  1382. 

Corun'na,  a  post-village  in  Larabton  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  river  St.  Clair,  7  miles  S.  of  Sarnia.     Pop.  200. 

Corura,  an  island  in  the  Pelew  group.    See  Coroori. 

CorvaI'lis,  a  post-hamlet  of  Missoula  co.,  Montana,  on 
the  Bitter  Root  River,  near  a  range  of  high  mountains, 
about  40  miles  S.  of  Missoula.     It  has  a  church. 

Corvallis,  a  post-village  and  railroad  terminus,  capital 
of  Benton  co.,  Oregon,  on  the  left  (W.)  bank  of  the  Willa- 
mette River,  97  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Portland.  It 
contains  the  State  Agricultural  College,  founded  in  1868, 
the  Corvallis  College  (Methodist  Episcopal  South),  public 
schools,  2  banks,  a  cracker- factory,  a  canning-factory,  sash- 
and  door-factories,  a  foundry,  2  saw-mills,  2  flour-mills,  3 
newspaper  offices,  and  8  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  1527. 

Corvo,  koR'vo,  the  northernmost  and  smallest  of  the 
Azores  Islands,  about  6  miles  long  and  3  miles  broad.  Lat. 
39°  41'  N.  It  is  fertile,  and  the  climate  is  delicious.  Pop. 
1000;  of  iU  chief  town,  Corvo,  883. 

Cor'wen,  a  town  of  Wales,  cos.  of  Merioneth  and  Den- 
high,  on  the  Dee,  at  a  railway  junction,  11  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Bala.     Pop.  of  parish,  2646. 

Cor'win,  a  station  in  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Louis, 
ville.  New  Albany  <fc  Chicago  Railroad,  15  miles  N.  of  Craw- 
fordsville. 

Corwin,  a  township  of  Ida  cc,  Iowa.  Pop.  232.  It 
contains  Ida  Grove,  the  county  seat. 

Corwin  (Waynesville  Post-Office),  a  village  of  Warren 
CO.,  0.,  in  Wayne  township,  on  the  Little  Miami  River,  and 
on  the  Little  Miami  Railroad,  51  miles  N.E.  of  Cincinnati, 
and  i  mile  from  Waynesville.     Pop.  135. 

CorUvine',  a  township  of  Logan  co.,  IlL  Pop.  1069.  It 
contains  Middletown. 

Cor'with,  a  station  in  Cook  co..  111.,  on  the  Chicago, 
Danville  A  Vincennes  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Chicago. 

Corwith,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co.,  Iowa,  25  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Forest  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  334. 

Co'ry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Cincinnati 
A  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Terre  Haute. 

Corycian  (ko-rish'e-an)  Cave,  Greece,  in  Bceotia,  is  a 
fine  stalactitic  cavern  on  the  8.  slope  of  Mount  Parnassus, 
10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Salona. 

Corydon,  kor'I-d9n,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Harrison 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  Indian  Creek,  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  New  Albany, 
was  formerly  the  capital  of  the  state.  It  has  4  churches, 
several  mills,  2  quarries  of  valuable  stone,  a  furniture  fac- 
tory, and  3  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  880. 

Corydon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wayne  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Corydon  township,  about  65  miles  S.  by  E.  from  Des  Moines, 
and  45  miles  S.W.  of  Albia.  It  has  3  banks,  5  churches,  3 
newspaper  offices,  a  graded  school,  a  cigar-factory,  and  2 
carriage-factories.     Pop.  in  1890,  962. 

Corydon,  a  post-village  of  Henderson  co.,  Ky.,  10  miles 
S.W.  of  Henderson.     It  has  7  churches.     Pop.  777. 

Corydon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  River,  21  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Warren.  It  has 
a  church,  an  academy,  and  manufactures  of  lumber.  Pop. 
about  300 ;  of  the  township,  527. 

Co^ryell',  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
area  of  about  900  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Leon 
River  and  Cowhouse  Creek.  The  surface  is  diversified  with 
prairies  and  forests ;  the  soil  is  partly  fertile,  and  adapted 
to  pasturage.  Cattle  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Capital,  Gatesville.  Pop.  in  1870,  4124;  in  1880, 
10,924;  in  1890,  16,873. 

Coryell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coryell  co.,  Tex.,  30  miles 
W.  of  Waco.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 

Corytum,  or  Corythns.    See  Cortona. 

Co'ryville,  a  post-hamlet  of  McKean  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  River,  about  30  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Em- 
porium.    It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-milU 


COR 


961 


€0S 


Corzola^  an  island  in  the  Adriatic.    See  Curzola. 

Cos,  Kos,  kfts,  or  Stanchio,  stin'ke-o,  an  island  of 
Asiatic  Turkey,  in  the  Mediterranean,  21  miles  long  and  5 
miles  in  breadth.  A  lofty  mountain -range  rises  on  the  S. 
coast ;  the  rest  of  the  island  is  a  beautiful  and  fertile  plain, 
with  a  delightful  climate.  Produce,  corn,  cotton,  silk,  raisins, 
melons,  sesame,  wines,  fruit,  and  formerly  flocks  of  sheep. 
Cos,  the  only  town  in  the  island,  is  beautifully  situated,  and 
its  port  is  much  frequented  by  merchant-vessels.  In  ancient 
times  the  island  was  celebrated  for  a  temple  to  ^sculapius. 
Cos  was  the  birthplace  of  Hippocrates,  Apelles  the  painter, 

and  Ariston  the   philosopher.     Pop.  10,400. Adj.  and 

inhab.  Coas,  ko'an.     See  Gulf  of  Cos. 

Cosala,  ko-si'li,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Cinaloa,  SO 
miles  X.E.  of  Mazatlan.     Pop.  6000. 

Cos'by,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cocke  co.,  Tenn.,  12  miles 
(direct)  S.  by  W.  of  Newport.    It  has  2  churches.     P.  100. 

Coscile,  ko-shee'lA,  or  Sibari,  see'b4-re  (anc.  Syb'- 
,tris),  a  river  of  Italy,  province  of  Cosenza,  after  an  E. 
course  of  about  20  miles  joins  the  Crati,  4  miles  from  the 
Gulf  of  Taranto,  and  near  the  site  of  the  ancient  Syhari$. 

Cos  Cob,  a  station  in  Fairfield  co.,  Conn.,  30  miles  from 
New  York,  on  the  New  York  i,  New  Haven  Railroad,  at  the 
Tillage  of  Bayport. 

Cosel,  Silesia.    See  Kosel. 

Cosenza,  ko-sSn'z4  (anc.  Con$en'tia),  a  city  of  Italy, 
capital  of  the  province  of  Cosenza,  at  the  confluence  of  the 
rivers  Crati  and  Busento,  12  miles  E.  of  the  Mediterranean, 
and  29  miles  S.W.  of  Rossano.  Pop.  15,962.  It  is  enclosed 
by  walls,  and  hag  an  old  castle,  a  fine  court-bouse,  a  cathe- 
dral, a  seminary,  college,  theatre,  large  foundling  asylum, 
academies  of  science  and  literature,  manufactures  of  earth- 
enware and  cutlery,  and  an  active  trade  in  silk,  rice,  wine, 
manna,  flax,  <tc.  It  is  an  archbishop's  see,  and  has  many 
fine  palaces.  Cosentia  was  anciently  the  capital  of  the 
Bruttii.  It  submitted  to  the  Romans,  and  was  taken  by 
Uannibal,  from  whom  the  Romans  recaptured  it.  It  was 
sacked  by  the  Saracens,  who  were  expelled  in  turn  by  the 
Northmen,  who,  having  founded  the  kingdom  of  the  Two 
Sicilies  in  1130,  made  Cosenza  the  capital  of  Calabria  Citra. 

Cosenza,  formerly  Calabria  Citra,  k4-li'brf-& 
chee'trd,  a  province  of  Southern  Italy,  having  the  sea  on 
the  E.  and  W.  Area,  2S41  square  miles.  Capital,  Cosenza. 
Pop.  440,468. 

Cosfeld,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Kosfeld. 

Coshocton,  ko-shSk'tgn,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central 
part  of  Ohio,  has  an  area  of  about  550  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Muskingum  River  and  its  branches  the  Mo- 
hican and  Tuscarawas  Rivers,  which  unite  near  the  middle 
of  the  county,  also  by  Killbuck  and  Wills  Creeks.  The  sur- 
face is  mostly  undulating  and  partly  hilly ;  the  soil  is  fertile. 
About  one-third  of  the  surface  is  covered  with  forests.  In- 
dian com,  wheat,  oats,  wool,  butter,  and  hay  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  has  beds  of  bituminous  coal,  iron 
ore,  and  limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Pittsburg,  Cin- 
cinnati, Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railroad.  Capital,  Coshocton. 
Pop.  in  1870,  23,600;  in  1880,  26,642;  in  1890,  26,703. 

Coshocton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Coshocton  co.,  0., 
on  the  Muskingum  River,  at  the  confluence  of  its  branches 
the  Walhonding  and  Tuscarawas,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Cin- 
cinnati, Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  the  Cleveland  k 
Canton  Railroad,  and  on  the  Ohio  Canal,  69  miles  E.N.E 
of  Columbus,  and  about  26  miles  N.  of  Zanesville  Two 
bridges  cross  the  rivers  and  connect  Coshocton  witn  Rossoe. 
It  has  several  churches,  a  paper-mill,  a  union  school,  a 
flour-mill,  2  banks,  a  foundry,  and  a  manufactory  of  axles 
and  steel  springs.  Four  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.     Pop.  in  1890,  3672. 

^  Cost,  Kosi,  ko'see,  Kusi,  Koose,  koo'see,  or  Koo- 
S.a,  koo'si  (Hind.  Kauiiki),  a  river  of  India,  a  tributary  of 
the  Ganges,  which  it  joins  in  Bengal,  about  30  miles  S.W. 
of  Purneah,  after  a  southward  course  estimated  at  300  miles. 
It  is  very  liable  to  inundation,  and  at  all  seasons  it  is  navi- 
gable by  boats  as  high  as  some  rapids  at  its  exit  from  the 
hills  of  Nepaul.  Its  course  shifts  in  a  remarkable  manner, 
and  its  navigation  is  always  difficult. 

Cosiguina,  a  volcano  in  Nicaragua.    See  Con'seguina. 

Cosihuiriachi,  ko-se-we-re-i'chee,  a  town  of  Mexico, 
state  of  Chihuahua.     Lat.  28°  12'  N.     Pop.  about  3000. 

Cosilinum,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Cogliano. 

Coslin,  Coeslin,  or  Koslin,  kos-leen',  a  town  of 
Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  on  a  railway,  7  miles  from  the  Baltic. 
Lat.  54°  12'  7"  N.;  Ion.  16°  10'  E.  Pop.  14,814,  It  was 
burnt  in  1718,  and  rebuilt  by  Frederick  William  I.,  whose 
statue  adorns  the  market-place.  It  has  a  provincial  society 
of  arts,  a  normal  school,  a  gymnasium,  dye-works,  and  man- 
afactures  of  soap,  tobacco,  ribbons,  woollen  stufis,  hosiery. 


and  leather.     On  the  Ellenberg,  a  hill  near  it,  is  a  monu- 
ment to  the  Pomeranians  who  fell  in  the  war  of  1813. 

Cosmolcdo  (ko8-mo-!i'do)  Islands,  a  group  in  the 
Indian  Ocean,  at  the  N.E.  entrance  to  the  Mozambique 
Channel,  about  lat.  9°  40'  S.,  Ion.  47°  42'  E.  This  group 
consists  of  a  ring  of  coral  about  30  miles  in  circumference, 
enclosing  a  magnificent  lagoon,  into  which  there  is  no  ap- 
parent entrance. 

Cos'mos,  a  post-township  of  Meeker  co.,  Minn.     P.  84. 

Cosne,  kone  (anc.  Conda'te),  a  town  of  France,  in 
Niovre,  on  the  Loire,  33  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Nevers. 
Pop.  5711,  who  forge  anchors  and  heavy  iron-work  and 
manufacture  hardware  and  cutlery,  in  all  of  which  the  town 
has  an  active  trade. 

Cosniczowice,  Prussia.    See  Kieferstadtl. 

Cos'poor',  or  Khaspar,  Kis^poor',  a  town  of  Cachar, 
in  India,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Brahmapootra,  €0  miles  E. 
of  Sylhet, 

Cossacks,  kos'saks  (Country  of  the  Don)  (Russ. 
Zemlia  Boinka  Bon  Skago,  z6m'le-i  bois'ki  don  ski'go),  a 
vast  plain,  forming  a  government  of  Southern  Russia,  trav- 
ersed by  the  river  Don,  and  bounded  N.  by  the  govern- 
ment of  Saratov,  S.  by  the  Caucasus  and  Chernomorsk,  E. 
by  Astrakhan,  and  W.  by  Voronezh  and  Y'ekaterinoslav. 
Capital,  Cherkask.  Area,  61,911  square  miles.  Pop.  1,086,264. 
The  territory  is  fertile,  but  ill  cultivated.  Chief  industries, 
agriculture,  fishing,  and  cattle-rearing.  Though  the  people 
possess  several  characteristics  by  which  they  are  easily  dis- 
tinguished, they  do  not  appear  to  have  sprung  from  one 
original  stock.  They  bear  a  close  resemblance  to  the  Rus- 
sians, but  are  of  a  more  slender  make,  and  their  features  are  ■ 
decidedly  more  handsome  and  expressive.  They  have  a 
quick,  keen  eye,  and  an  ear  which  is  ever  on  the  alert,  and 
are  active,  spirited,  and  brave.  Education  has  made  some 
progress  among  them,  and  their  old  capital,  Staroi-Cherkask, 
contains  a  gymnasium.  Their  language  is  a  mixture  of 
Russian,  Polish,  and  Turkish ;  their  religion  that  of  the 
Greek  Church,  to  which  they  are  strongly  attached.  The 
martial  tendencies  of  the  Cossacks  are  very  decided,  and 
have  from  time  immemorial  formed  their  distinguishing 
feature.  The  whole  structure  of  society  among  them  is 
military.  Originally  their  government  formed  a  kind  of 
democracy,  at  the  head  of  which  was  a  chief,  or  hetman,  of 
their  own  choice,  while  under  him  was  a  long  series  of  of- 
ficers with  jurisdictions  of  greater  or  less  extent,  partly 
civil  and  partly  military,  all  so  arranged  as  to  be  able  on 
any  emergency  to  furnish  the  largest  military  array  on  the 
shortest  notice.  The  democratical  part  of  the  constitution 
has  largely  disappeared  under  Russian  domination.  The 
title  of  chief  hetman  is  now  vested  in  the  heir-apparent  to 
the  throne,  and  all  the  subordinate  hetmans  and  other  offi- 
cers are  appointed  by  the  crown.  Care,  however,  has  been 
taken  not  to  interfere  with  any  arrangements  which  fos- 
tered the  military  spirit  of  the  Cossacks ;  and  hence  all  the 
subdivisions  of  the  population  into  sections,  with  military 
heads,  and  of  the  villages  into  stanitza,  still  remain. 
Throughout  the  empire,  wherever  particular  alacrity,  vigi- 
lance, and  rapidity  of  movement  are  required,  the  qualities 
by  which  the  Cossack  is  distinguished  mark  him  out  for 
employment.  He  is  almost  always  on  horseback,  and  is  ic 
his  element  when  scouring  the  open  fields.  Besides  th» 
Cossacks  of  the  Don,  there  are  Cossacks  of  the  Azof,  Black 
Sea,  Caucasus,  Ac,  their  military  colonies  extending  along 
the  Russian  frontiers  to  the  Pacific. 

Cossato,  kos-si'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  42 
miles  N.E.  of  Turin.     Pop.  2766. 

Coss'atot  Mines,  a  post-office  of  Sevier  co.,  Ark. 

Coss'atot  (or  Coss'itot)  River,  Arkansas,  rises  in 
Polk  CO.,  runs  southward  through  Sevier  co.,  and  enters 
Little  River  about  6  miles  S.  of  Paraclifta. 

Cosseir,  a  seaport  town  of  Egypt.     See  Kosseir. 

Cosse-le-Vivien,  koss-I^h-veeVe-iso',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Mayenne,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Laval,  on  the  Oudon. 
It  has  oil-mills,  flour-mills,  and  tanneries.     Pop.  3372. 

Cossila,  kos-see'li,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont, 
province  of  Novara,  on  the  Oropa.     Pop.  2485. 

Cos'simbazar'  (native,  Katimhazar),  a  former  city 
of  India,  1  mile  S.  of  Moorshedabad.  In  1813  the  river 
Bhagirathi  (which  up  to  that  time  flowed  by  the  place)  took 
a  new  channel,  3  miles  distant,  and  the  town  is  now  de- 
serted. It  figures  prominently  in  the  history  of  the  English 
power  in  Bengal,  and  was  once  famous  for  its  cotton-weaving 
and  its  large  trade. 

Cos^simcot'ta,  a  town  of  India,  presidency  of  Madras, 
28  miles  W.S.W.  of  Vizagapatam. 

Cos^sipoor',  a  town  of  British  India,  in  Bengal,  64 
miles  N.  of  Bareilly.    It  is  a  place  of  Hindoo  pilgrimage 


vfn 


MS 


COT 


vitb  Bontrau  twiplw,  and  an  uUtc  trade  with  North- 
WMtern  HimlMUui.    Pop.  U,OM. 

Cotsiaaif  an  aaeioat  luune  of  Baxas. 

CoaaoBSf ,  or  Cosaoaei*  koi'so'idL',  a  town  of  Swit> 
MrUnt,  in  Vaod,  9  milM  N.W.  of  Laosaaae.     Pop.  M6. 

Coa'ayoh  (or  Kliaiia)and  Jya'teab  (Jayaatiya) 
Uilla,  a  district  of  Briti«b  Jodia,  in  Aamm,  in  the  bill 
country,  haring  Assam  proper  on  the  N.,  and  Sy^lhet,  4«.,  on 


the  S. :  named  from  its  tiro  itrineipal  tribee  of  hill-meii.     It 
»l67  ~       " 


k  a  jungle  region.   Area,  6167  eqaare  milea.   Pop.  in  1872, 


Coaayra)  an  island.    8«e  Paxtbllaria. 

Costa»  koe'ti,  a  Tillage  of  Italj,  prorince  and  4  milea 
WJ5.W.  of  Rinij;o,  on  the  Adigetto.     Pop.  2-170. 

Co»lamboBC«  A»ia  ^inor.    S««  Kastamooxkb. 

Coata  Uica,k(M'iA  ree'ldl  (i.e.,  "rich  eoart"),  the  most 
9aothern  republic  of  Central  America,  honndeU  X.  by  Nica- 
ragua, from  which  it  if  partly  teporated  by  tbe  river  Sob 
Joan.  N.E.  by  the  Caribbean  Sea,  S.  by  Panama,  a  state  of 
Colombia,  from  which  it  is  partly  separated  by  tho  rirer 
Esettdo  and  partly  by  the  Cordillera  de  Cabecares,  and  S. 
ami  W.  by  the  Pacific ;  between  lat.  8°  and  II**  30'  X.,  Ion. 
82®  ami  66°  W.  Area,  21,495  square  miles.  The  country 
is  intersected  diagonally  by  the  primary  range  of  tbe  Isth- 
mus, which  throws  off  numerous  spars  on  either  side,  giving 
a  continued  alternation  of  abrupt  heights  and  sudden  de- 
pressions. The  principal  range  contains  several  lofty  emi- 
nences and  volcanoes,  Doth  active  and  extinct  or  dormant. 
Including  thoso  of  Orosi,  Votos,  and  Cartago,  from  the  sum- 
mit of  the  last  of  which  both  the  Pacific  and  the  Atlantic 
.  can  be  distinctly  seen.  The  N.W.  districts  are  more  rugged 
and  mountainous  than  the  S.W.,  but  along  the  coast  of  tbe 
Pacific,  especially  around  the  Bay  of  Nicoya,  the  country 
has  a  beautiful  and  picturesque  appearance,  being  diversi- 
fied by  ralleys  and  intersected  by  numerous  streams.  Co«ta 
Rica  contains  some  rich  gold-mine?,  which  are  still  worked. 
Silver  and  copper,  with  xinc,  nickel,  iron,  lead,  and  coal, 
are  also  found  here.  In  all  parts  of  the  republic,  with  the 
exception  of  the  sea-coasts,  the  climate  is  mild  and  tem- 
perate, never  subject  to  excessive  heats  or  colds,  and  rarely 
experiencing  any  other  vicissitudes  than  those  from  the 
dry  to  the  rainy  season.  It  is  therefore  extremely  well 
adapted  to  agricultural  purposes,  and  capable  of  bring- 
ing to  maturity  many  European  plants,  as  well  as  most 
of  those  peculiar  to  the  tropics.  Tbe  soil  is  remarkably 
fertile,  especially  on  the  table-lands  and  in  the  valleys  be- 
tween the  mountains.  Among  its  agricnltural  productions 
are  coffee,  cacao,  Indian  com,  tobacco,  sugar,  and  a  little 
wheat.  The  birds  include  roltores,  pelicans,  parrots,  pigeons, 
ducks,  quails,  and  teal. 

The  woods  of  Costa  Rica  are  valoablc,  comprising  ma- 
hogany, ebony,  india-rubber.  Brazil-wood,  oak,  cedar,  and 
various  other  kinds  of  timher ;  and  on  the  sea-const  of 
Nicoya  some  pearls  and  large  quantities  of  motbcr-of- 
pearl  shells  are  found.  Coffee,  however,  forms  the  must 
important  product  of  the  state.  Tobacco  is  a  government 
monopoly,  though  some  of  it  finds  its  way  to  market.  The 
other  exports  are  gold,  bananas,  hides,  skins,  cocoa,  dye- 
woods,  sugar,  Ac.  The  imports  consist  chiefly  of  manu- 
factured goods.  The  two  ports  of  entry  are  Puntas  Arenas, 
in  the  Gulf  of  Nicoya,  and  Limon,  on  tbe  Caribbean  Sea. 

The  government  of  Costa  Rica  was  established  in  1323,  and 
is  accounted  the  best  and  most  liberal  in  Central  America. 
It  has  a  representative  legislature,  and  the  executive  is  in- 
trasted  to  a  supreme  chief.  Tbe  religion  is  Roman  Catholic, 
The  inhabitants  are  industrious  and  orderly.  They  were 
formerly  subjected  to  great  poverty,  and  it  is  only  of  late 
years,  and  since  the  cultivation  of  coffee  on  an  extensive 
Male  began,  that  they  have  attained  to  anything  like  pros- 
perity. The  total  length  of  railroads  in  CosU  Rica  is  161^ 
miles.  There  is  a  university  at  San  Jose.  Costa  Rica  is 
divided  into  6  provinces  and  2  districts.  Capital,  San  Joa6. 
Pop.  (officinl  estimate,  1890)  238,782. 

COBtelMo,  a  post-village  of  Potter  co.,  Pa.,  12  miles  by 
rail  S.  by  E.  of  Keating.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  tannery. 
Pop.  about  400. 

Cos'ten,  a  station  of  Somerset  oo.,  Md.,  on  the  Wor- 
cester A  Somerset  Railroad,  4  or  5  miles  N.W.  of  Newtown. 

Costenbader*8  Mills,  Westmoreland  co.,  Ya.  See 
Potomac  Hilia, 

Costiansk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Kostiaxsk. 

Cos'tlguB,  a  station  in  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  on  the  E. 
bank  of  the  Penobscot,  and  on  the  European  A  North 
Americsn  Railroad,  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bangor. 

Costigliole  d*Asti,  koe-teel-yo'l4  dAs'tee,  a  town  of 
Italy,  in  Piedmont,  province  of  Alessandria,  8  miles  S.  of 
Asti.    Pop.  5647. 


Costigliole  di  Salazso,  koa-tad-yo'li  dee  si-foot'so, 
a  town  of  luly,  in  Piadatat,  prorlnca  of  Cent,  6  milea  S. 
of  Salotao.    Pofk  2M«. 

Coatilla*  koa-tm'yi,  a  eouty  in  the  8.  part  of  Col*. 
r»4o,hasan  aranof  nboatliMsanaramiJca.  Itisbo«Bd«l 
on  tbe  W.  by  tha  Rio  Oranaa  del  Korta,  and  iapwtly  droned 
by  the  Culebra  and  Costilla  Rivera.  It  eoasptiaes  a  larga 
portion  of  the  fertile  San  Lnia  Park.  Tba  N.  part  is  ocen- 
pied  by  a  high  range  ealled  Siam  manen.  The  mountains 
prodoea  foraata  of  Ir,  pina,  aad  otlMr  traca.  Tbe  valley  of 
tba  Rio  Oiaunde  baa  a  fartila  soil,  wliieh  when  irrigated  will 
prodoee  good  erapa  d  wheat  and  other  grain.  A  large  nart 
of  this  county  is  a  gnmy  opaa  plain  or  table-land,  wbiek 
is  abont  7000  feet  abora  tba  aca  and  is  adapted  to  pastoral 
pnrsnita.  Wool  and  wheat  at*  among  tbe  stapla  piodactK 
Capital,  San  Lais.  The  highest  moantain  in  this  eenaty 
is  Blanca  Peak,  14,464  feet  high.  Pop.  in  1770,  1779:  in 
1880,  2879 ;  in  1890,  3491. 

Costilla*  a  poat-«fliee  of  Taoa  co..  New  Mexico. 

Costilla,  or  Rio  Costilla,  ree'o  kos-tee'yi,  a  small 
river  which  rises  in  the  N.  part  of  New  Mexico,  runs  N.W. 
into  Colorado,  and  enters  tbe  Rio  Qrande  near  lat.  37°  N. 

Costilla  Peak,  New  Mexioa,  a  granitic  mountain  of 
the  Sangre  de  Cristo  Range,  has  an  altitode  of  12,C34  feet 
above  the  sea-level. 

Cosam'ae,  a  post  .hamlet  of  Sacramento  eo.,  Cal.,ia 
Coanmne  township,  about  22  miles  S.B.  of  Sacramento. 
It  has  a  store.  The  t>>wnsbip  is  drained  by  the  Coeomna 
River.     Pop.  of  the  township,  6M. 

Cosnmne  RiTer,  CUiuraia,  rises  in  El  Dorado  co., 
near  the  Sierra  Nevada,  mna  aoatbwestward  through  Sae- 
ramento  co.,  and  enters  the  Mokehimne  River  aboat  2& 
miles  S.  of  the  city  of  Sacramento.     Gold  is  found  near  it. 

Co^som'nes,  township,  £1  Dorado  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  542. 

Coswig,  kos'^io,  or  Koswigk,  koa'^tik,  a  town  of 
Germanv,  duchy  of  Anhalt,  on  tbe  Elbe,  and  on  a  railway, 
11  miles"  E.N.E.  of  Dessau.     Pon.  4013. 

Cotabambas,  ko-ti-bdm'bas,  a  province  of  Peru,  do. 
partment  of  Apurimac,  between  the  Apurimac  and  Pacha- 
caea;  intersected  from  S.  to  N.  by  the  Oropesa,  .in  affluent 
of  the  Apnrimae.  It  is  78  miles  long,  and  50  miles  bn^ad, 
and  is  almost  entirely  covered  with  mountains,  which  are 
clad  with  snow  daring  the  greater  part  of  the  year. 

Cotaringin,  a  river  of  Borneo.    See  KoTTA-WARixeisr. 

Cotate  (ko-taif)  Ranch,  a  station  in  Sonoma  eo., 
Cal.,  on  the  San  Francisco  A  North  Pacific  Railroad,  5 
miles  S.  of  Santa  Rosa. 

Cotatis,  the  suppoiied  ancient  name  of  Kootais. 

Coteaa  des  Prairies,  ko'to'  d4  pri'ree',  an  ele- 
vated region  or  swell  in  the  prairies  of  Dakota,  separating 
the  basin  of  tho  Mississippi  from  that  of  the  Missouri.  It 
commences  about  the  parallel  of  46°  N.  lat.  and  between 
the  meridians  of  98°  and  99°  W.  Ion.,  and  extends  S.S.E. 
200  miles  to  the  head  of  the  Blue  Earth  River,  where  it 
gradually  falls  to  the  level  of  the  surrounding  country. 

Cotean  da  Lac,  ko'ts'  dii  lik,  or  Saint  Igaace, 
g&.vt  een^yis',  a  post-village  in  Soulanges  co.,  Quebec,  on  the 
St.  Lawrence,  36i  miles  S.W.  of  Montreal.     Pop.  300. 

Coteaa  Landing,  the  chief  town  of  tho  county  of 
Soulanges,  Quebec,  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  2  miles  from  Coteaa 
Station.  It  contains  9  stores  and  3  hotels,  and  is  the  chief 
grain-shipping  port  of  tho  county.     Pop.  600. 

Coteaa  Saint  Aagastin,  ko'to'  s4xt  o'giis'tiy*',  a 
village  in  Hochelaga  co.,  Quebec,  a  western  suburb  of  Mon- 
treal. It  contains  several  factories,  among  others  a  rolling- 
mill,  a  glass-factory,  and  a  large  tannery.  Pop.  5000.  Sao 
Taxxert  West. 

Coteaa  Saint  Lonis,  Queface.    See  Mile  Exd. 

Coteaa  Saint  Pierre,  ko'tS'  siw*  pe-ain',  a  village 
at  the  west  end  of  Mount  Royal,  Hochelaga  co.,  Quebec, 
4  mites  from  Montreal  Post-Offiee.     Pop.  2000. 

Co'teaa  Si'diag,  a  station  in  Deuel  co..  Dakota,  on 
the  Winona  A  St.  Peter  Railroad,  306  miles  W.  of  Winona, 
and  near  the  Coteaa  Lakes. 

Coteaa  Station,  a  post-village  in  Soulanges  eo., 
Quebec,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  37  miles  S.W.  of 
Montreal.     It  contains  several  stores  and  hotels.    Pop.  200. 

Cote  Blanche,  kot  blixsh,  a  bay  in  the  S.  part  of 
Louisiana,  washes  the  S.W.  border  of  St.  Mary's  parish, 
communicating  with  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  on  the  S.  and  with 
Vermilion  Bay  on  the  W. 

C6te  des  Neiges,  kot  di  naizh,  a  poet-village  in  the 
rear  of  Mount  Royal,  Hochelaga  co.,  Quebec,  3  miles  from 
Montreal  Post-Office.     Pop.  842. 

Cotc-d'Or,  the  French  for  Goto  Coast. 

Cute-d'Or,  kOt-don,  a  chain  of  mountains  in  France, 
which  separates  tbe  basin  of  the  Sadne  from  those  of  tha 


COT 


9fi3 


COT 


Seine  and  Loire,  and  connects  the  Cevennes  with  the  Vosges. 
The  name  has  special  reference  to  the  small  chain  which 
extcnJs  from  Dijon  to  the  southern  limit  of  the  department 
of  Cote-d'Or,  and  was  bestowed  on  it  on  account  of  its 
valuable  vineyards.  Its  culminating  point,  Lo  Tasselot,  ia 
196S  feet  in  height. 

Cote-d'Or,  a  department  in  the  E.  of  France,  part  of 
the  old  province  of  Burgundy,  between  lat.  46°  55'  and  48° 
10'  N.,  and  surrounded  by  the  departments  of  Aube,  Yonne, 
Saone-et-Loirc,  Jura,  Haute-Saone,  and  Ilaute-Marne. 
Area,  3354  square  miles.  Surface  hilly.  The  chief  rivers 
are  the  Seine,  Armanfon,  Serain,  and  Aubc,  in  the  basin 
of  the  Seine ;  the  Saone,  which  is  navigable,  and  the  Tillo 
and  Ouche,  its  affluents.  The  Canal  of  Burgundy  (Canal  de 
Bourgogne)  traverses  the  department  from  S.E.  to  N.W. 
The  soil  is  rich  in  mines  of  iron  and  coal,  marble,  gypsum, 
and  building  and  lithographic  stones.  A  great  part  of  it  is 
covered  with  forests.  It  is  fertile  in  grain  and  fruit,  but 
especially  in  the  vine,  which  renders  this  one  of  the  most 
important  departments  of  France.  It  has  manufactures  of 
wine,  iron,  paper,  woollen  cloth,  spirits,  Jtc.  Capital,  Dijon. 
The  dej)artment  is  divided  into  4  arrondissementa, — Beaune, 
Cha,tillon-sur-Seine.  Dijon,  and  Semur-en-Auxois.  Pop.  in 
1881,  382,819;  iu  1891,  376,866. 

Cote  Goiec,  kut  zhiVL',  a  post-office  of  Lafayette 
parish,  La. 

Cotentin,  koUSso'tis^'  (anc.  Unelli  or  Veneli  f  or  Con- 
itanti'iiiis  ?),  a  district  of  France,  in  Normandy,  It  forms 
a  peninsula  in  the  X.  of  the  department  of  Manchc,  extend- 
ing into  the  English  Channel  ;  its  N.  extremity  is  Cape  La 
Hague  ;  the  principal  town,  Coutances. 

Cotent'nea,  a  township  of  Lenoir  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  1470. 

Cote  Saint  Antoine,  kot  s^xt  Asc'twin',  a  district 
outside  the  western  limits  of  Montreal.  It  contains  the 
residences  of  a  number  of  Montreal  merchants,  and  Monk- 
lands,  once  the  residence  of  the  Governors  of  Canada,  now 
known  as  Villa  Maria,  one  of  the  largest  convents  in  the 
Dominion.     Pop.  600. 

Cote  Sainte  Catherine,  kot  s4xt  kit^reen',  a  vil- 
lage in  Ilochelaga  co.,  Quebec,  2  miles  from  Montreal  Post- 
Office.     Pop.  100. 

Cote  Saint  Paal,  kot  si>'«  pol,  a  village  in  Iloche- 
laga CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  south  side  of  the  Lachine  Canal,  4 
miles  above  Montreal.  It  contains  an  axe-  and  edge-tool- 
£actory,  file-works,  bell-factory,  nail-factory,  and  several 
mills.     Pop.  1500. 

Cote  sans  Besoin,  kot  sftso  b^-iwiso',  a  township  of 
Callaway  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  869. 

Cotes-du-Nord,  kOt-dii-noR,  a  maritime  dep.artmcnt 
of  the  W.  of  France,  formed  of  part  of  the  old  province  of 
Bretagne.  It  is  situated  between  lat.  48°  3'  and  48°  57'  N., 
bounded  N.  by  the  English  Channel,  in  which  it  comprises 
several  small  islands,  S.  by  the  department  of  Morbihan, 
E.  by  Ille-et-Vilaine,  and  W.  by  FinistSrc.  Area,  2658 
square  miles.  The  principal  rivers  are  the  Ranee,  Argue- 
non,  Gcuet,  Trieux,  and  Oust,  all  small.  The  surface  is 
hilly  and  undulating.  Among  its  minerals  are  iron,  lead, 
fine  granite,  marble,  porphj-ry,  and  slate.  It  has  many 
mineral  springs.  Corn  and  cider  are  exported ;  hemp  and 
flax  arc  extensively  raised ;  many  horses  and  cattle  are 
reared.  Linen  goods  are  exported  in  immense  quantities. 
Capital,  Saint-Brieuc.  The  department  is  divided  into  the 
arrondissements  of  Dinan,  Guingamp,  Lannion,  Loudeac, 
and  Saint-Brieuc.     Pop.  630,957. 

Cotesficid,  kots'feeld,  a  post-ofiice  of  Howard  co..  Neb. 

Coteswoid  Ilills,  in  England.    See  Cotswold. 

Cdthen,  a  town  of  Germany.     See  Kothex. 

Co'thy,  a  river  of  Wales,  co.  of  Carmarthen,  after  a 
Boathwanl  course  of  25  miles,  joins  the  Towy  about  5  miles 
above  Carmarthen. 

Coti,  a  state  of  Borneo.    See  Koti. 

Cotignnc,  koHeen'yik',  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Var,  16 
miles  AV.  of  Draguignan.  Pop.  3600.  It  has  trade  in  silks, 
leather,  confectionery,  and  wine. 

Cotignola,  ko-teen-yo'l4,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Emilia, 
34  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ferrara,  near  the  Sennio.     Pop.  6540. 

Cotile,  ko-til'  (Fr.  pron.  ko-teel'),  a  post-office  of  Ra- 
pides parish,  La. 

Cotindiba,  ko-teen-dee'bS,,  or  Cotingaiba,ko-teen- 
ghee'bi,  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  on  the  N.  side  of  Serra 
Itabaianna,  flows  almost  due  E.,  and  falls  into  the  Atlantic 
IS  miles  X.X.E.  of  Sergipo  del  Rey.     Length,  90  miles. 

Cotopaxi,  ko-to-pax'ee  (Sp.  pron.  ko-to-plh'Hee),  a 
volcano  of  South  America,  in  Ecuador,  in  the  E.  Cordillera 
of  the  Andes,  34  miles  S.S.E.  of  Quito.  Lat.  0°  41'  S. ;  Ion. 
78°  42'  W.  Its  shape  is  conical ;  height  above  the  sea, 
18,880  feet,  or  9800  feet  above  the  adjacent  valley,  being  the 


highest  volcano  that  has  been  active  in  America  in  modern 
times.  The  upper  4400  feet  of  the  mountain  nro  covered 
with  snow,  except  a  section  around  its  summit.  The  scorise, 
lava,  and  rocky  fragments  which  are  the  produce  of  its 
eruptions  cover  an  area  of  some  50  or  60  square  miles.  ItJ 
first  recorded  eruption  occurred  about  the  time  of  Pizarro'f 
invasion  of  South  America.  In  1698  an  eruption  destroyed 
the  city  of  Tacunga.  In  1738  the  flames  rose  3000  feet  above 
the  brink  of  the  crater ;  and  in  1743  the  fire  burst  forth  from 
several  new  apertures  near  the  summit,  followed  by  profuse 
torrents  of  water,  which  flooded  and  desolated  the  whole 
plain  below.  In  May,  1744,  the  internal  fire  opened  for 
itself  new  passages  ;  and  again,  in  April,  1768,  the  smoke 
and  ashes  were  so  dense,  and  caused  such  darkness,  that 
many  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  province  were  compelled  to 
go  about  with  lanterns  during  almost  the  whole  day.  In 
1S03  another  eruption  occurred,  after  an  apparently  com- 
plete state  of  quiescence  during  20  j-cars.  At  the  yrtri  of 
Guayaquil,  which  is  130  miles  distant  in  a  straight  line, 
Humboldt  heard,  day  and  night,  the  roaring  and  explosions 
of  this  volcano,  like  continued  discharges  of  a  battery  of 
artillery.  Noteworthy  eruptions  occurred  in  1851  and  1855. 
Cotrone,  ko-tro'ni  (anc.  Croto'na),  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Catanzaro,  on  the  sea-coast,  and  on  a  railway, 

6  miles  N.W.  of  Cape  Nan.  Pop.  7711.  It  is  enclosed  by 
walls  and  defended  by  a  strong  citadel.  Among  its  narrow 
streets  and  shabby  houses  are  a  cathedral  and  several  other 
churches,  a  diocesan  seminary,  military  and  civil  hospitals, 
and  several  asylums  and  convents.  It  has  a  small  harbor, 
is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  good  trade  in  oranges,  olive  oil, 
and  liquorice.  In  ancient  times  it  was  famous  for  the 
school  of  Pythagoras,  and  as  the  birthplace  of  Milo,  the 
famous  athlete.     Crotona  was  founded  about  700  B.C. 

CotroneiT  ko-tro-n4'ee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Catanzaro,  20  miles  VT.N.W.  of  Cotrone.     Pop.  1400. 

Cots'wold,  or  Bolton  Corners,  a  post-village  in 
Wellington  co.,  Ontario,  3  miles  from  Harriston.  Pop.  175. 

Cots'wold  (or  Cotes'wold)  Hills,  in  England,  a 
tract  of  about  200,000  acres  in  the  centre  of  the  county  of 
Gloucester,  extending  from  Bith  northward  to  Cauiixien, 
and  separating  the  basins  of  the  Thames  and  Severn.  The 
district  gives  name  to  a  noted  breed  of  sheep. 

Cotta,  kot'tJL,  a  village  of  Ceylon,  6  miles  £.  of  Colombo, 
formerly  one  of  the  capitals  of  Ceylon.  There  is  here  a 
Christian  institution.  Singhalese  and  Malabar  youths  re- 
ceive instruction  in  the  Hebrew,  Greek,  Latin,  and  English 
languages,  mathematics,  and  theology. 

Cot'tage,  a  post-office  of  Hardin  co.,  Iowa. 

Cottage,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  36 
miles  S.  of  BaSalo.     It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Cottage,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.,  5  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Petersburg. 

Cottage  City,  a  post-town  of  Dukes  co.,  Mass.,  on 
Martha's  Vineyard  Island,  22^  miles  S.E.  of  New  Bedford. 
It  has  3  churches  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  1080. 

Cottage  Farm,  a  station  on  the  Boston  &  Albany 
Ptailroad,  at  its  intersection  with  the  Grand  Junction  Rail- 
road, 3  miles  from  the  initial  station  in  Boston,  Mass. 

Cottage  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Siskiyou  co.,  Cal. 

Cottage  Grove,  a  station  of  Hartford  co..  Conn., 
within  the  limits  of  Hartford,  on  the  Connecticut  Western 
Railroad,  4  miles  from  Hartford. 

Cottage  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Cooke  oo.,  III.,  now 
included  in  the  city  of  Chicago. 

Cottage  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  Ind.,  6 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Liberty. 

Cottage  Grove,  a  post-borough  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich., 

7  miles  £.  of  Detroit.  It  has  2  churches,  a  public  school, 
and  3  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  150. 

Cottage  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co., 
Minn.,  about  14  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Panl.  It  has  3  churches 
and  public  schools.     Pop.  about  100. 

Cottage  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Lane  oo.,  Oregon, 
about  15  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Eugene  City.  It  has  rich  gold- 
mines, 3  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  grist-, 
lumber-,  and  saw-mills.     Pop.  about  800. 

Cottage  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Tenn.,  10 
or  12  miles  N.W.  of  Paris.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy, 
and  a  steam  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Cottage  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dane  co..  Wis.,  9 
miles  E.  of  Madison.     It  has  2  churches.  ' 

Cottage  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  oo.,  HI.,  about 
7  miles  (direct)  S.S.E.  of  Hennepin. 

Cottage  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dabaque  co.,  Iowa, 
about  20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Dubuque. 

Cottage  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Muskingum  co.,  C, 
about  12  miles  N.W.  of  Zanesrille.     It  has  2  churches. 


GOT 


964 


COU 


collate  liomet  a  poet-oincc  oi    n  iison  co.,  xcnn. 
Cotlagc  .Mill*)  a  poit-offlco  uf  ChatUhooobee  oo.,  Qa. 
Co('lagevilie»  a  po«t-villngo  of  Jookeon  co.,  W.  Va.,  8 
Im  from  tbe  Ohio  Rivor,  and  45  niilea  S.S.VV.  of  Parkors- 


Cottn{;c  nome)  a  poat-office  of  Willinmson  oo.,  HI, 
CotlMKL-  Hornet  a  poet-office  of  Wilson  co.,  Tenn, 

Cot  ~        -  ~        . 

Cot 

«)il08 

burg.  It  haa  a  church,  a  tannery,  a  flour-mill,  a  Baw-mill, 
and  3  sturo*.     Pop.  about  200. 

CottbUBf  or  KottbuS)  kott'bSSi,  a  town  of  Prusgio, 
province  of  lirandonburg,  on  the  Sproe,  43  miles  S.S.AV.  of 
Frankfort.  Pop.  25,659.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has 
tovoral  suburbs,  a  royal  palaoe,  college,  orphan  asylum,  and 
Tariuus  other  publio  institutions;  also  extensive  manufa«- 
turcs  of  woollen  cloths,  linen,  hosiery,  and  tobacco,  with 
breweries,  distilleries,  and  export  and  transit  trade.  It  is 
at  the  junction  of  many  railways. 

Cot'tcnham,  a  village  and  parish  of  England,  co.  and 
(5J  miles  N.  of  Cambridge.     Pop.  2496. 

Cot'tcr,  a  station  in  Madison  oo..  111.,  on  the  Edwards- 
Tille  Ilailrood,  about  3  miles  W.  of  Edwardsville. 

Cot'tian  Alps  (ano.  Al'pei  Oot'ti«),  a,  division  of  the 
Alps,  extending  from  Monte  Vise  N.W.  to  Mont  Cenis. 

Cottica^  kot-tee'k&,  a  river  of  Dutch  Guiana,  rises  in 
the  N.E.  part,  flows  W.,  and  falls  into  the  Commowyno. 

Cottle,  kot't'l,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Texas.  Area, 
lOSO  square  miles.     Pop.  in  1890,  240. 

Cottle,  a  post-village  of  Cottle  co.,  Tex.,  about  40  miles 
Vf.  of  Quanah.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  and  general 
stores.     Pop.  about  100. 

CoUICville,  kot't'1-vil,  a  post-village  of  St.  Charles 
CO.,  Mo.,  in  Dardenne  township,  3i  miles  S.  of  St.  Peter's 
Station.     It  has  2  or  3  churches  and  about  30  families. 

Cot'ton,  a  township  of  Switzerland  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
1700.     It  contains  East  Enterprise. 

Cotton  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ark., 
11  miles  N.E.  of  Pine  Bluff. 

Cotton  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Saguache  oo.,  Col. 

Cot'tondale,  a  post-village  of  Tuscaloosa  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Alabama  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of  Tusca- 
loosa. It  has  a  church  and  a  cotton-factory.  Coal  abounds 
here.     Pop.  about  400.  * 

Cottondale,  a  post-office  of  Wise  co.,  Tex.,  30  miles 
from  Fort  Worth. 

Cotton  Gin,  a  post-village  of  Freestone  co.,  Tex.,  7 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Mexia.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  and  a 
newspaper  office. 

Cotton  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Henry  co.,  Iowa. 

Cotton  Grove,  a  township  of  Davidson  co.,  N.C.  Pop. 
868.  It  contains  the  small  village  of  Cotton  Grove,  6  miles 
S.W.  of  Lexington. 

Cotton  Grove,  a  village  of  Madison  co.,  Tenn.,  9 
miles  E.  of  Jackson.     Pop.  100. 

Cotton  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Barbour  co.,  Ala. 

Cotton  Hill,  a  village  of  Clay  oo.,  Ga.,  16  miles  W.  of 
Cuthbert.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy.     Pop.  143. 

Cotton  Hill,  a  post-township  of  Sangamon  co.,  III., 
about  10  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Springfield.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Springfield  division  of  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Kailroad. 
Pop.  734. 

Cotton  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Kailroad,  43  miles  E.S.E.  of  Charleston. 

Cotton  Mill,  a  station  in  York  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Ilanover 

6  York  Railroad,  li  miles  S.W.  of  York. 

Cotton  Plant,  a  post-village  of  Woodruff  co..  Ark., 

11  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Coates.  It  has  6  churches,  a  saw- 
mill, and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  429. 

Cotton  Plant,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Fla.,  8  miles 
W.  of  Ocala. 

Cotton  Plant,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caldwell  parish,  La., 
9  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Columbia. 

Cotton  Plant,  a  post-bamlet  of  Tippah  co..  Miss., 
about  10  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Ripley.     It  has  a  church. 

Cotton  Plant,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dunklin  co..  Mo.,  55 
miles  S.  of  Dexter  City.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Cotton  Port,  a  post-hamlet  of  Avoyelles  parish,  La., 

12  miles  S.  of  Marksville.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  500. 
Cotton  Port,  a  post-hamlet  of  Meigs  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 

Tennessee  River,  about  50  miles  above  Chattanooga. 

Cotton's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  about 

7  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Canastota. 

Cotton  Town,  a  hamlet  of  Sumner  co.,  Tenn.,  12 
miles  N.W.  of  Gallatin.     It  has  2  churches. 

Cot'tontown,  a  hamlet  of  Wetzel  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  J  of  a  mile  from  Burton.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  woollen-factory. 

Cotton  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Macon  eo.,  Ala.,  12 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Tuskegee. 

Cotton  Vallejr,  N.H.    See  East  WoLFBonouGH. 


Cot'tonvillc,  a  post-offlco  of  Marshall  co.,  Ala. 

Cottonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  oo.,  Iowa,  about 
22  milcH  S.  of  Dubuque. 

Cot'tonwood,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Minnesota, 
has  an  area  of  720  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Des 
Moines  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the  Watonwan  and 
affluents  of  the  Cottonwood  River,  which  touches  the  north- 
ern border  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  A  large  portion  of  it  ii 
l)rairie.  Wheat,  oats,  Indian  corn,  and  grass  are  the  sta])lo 
products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Sioux  City  <fc 
St.  Paul  Railroad.  CapiUl,  Windom.  Pop.  in  1870,  634; 
in  1876,  2870;  in  1880,  6533;  in  1890,7412. 

Cottonwood,  a  post-office  of  Henry  co.,  Ala. 

Cottonwood,  a  post-village  of  Shasta  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Oregon  division  of  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  17  miles 
N.  of  Red  Bluff. 

Cottonwood,  township,  Siskiyou  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  421. 

Cottonwood,  township,  Tehama  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  240. 

Cottonwood,  a  township  of  Yolo  co.,  Cal.    Pop.  1319, 

Cottonwood,  a  station  in  Gilpin  co..  Col.,  on  tbe  Colo- 
rado Central  Railroad,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Black  Ilawk. 

Cottonwood,  a  post-village  of  Idaho  co.,  Idaho,  11 
miles  N.W.  of  Mt.  Idaho.     Pop.  100. 

Cottonwood,  a  township  of  Cumberland  co..  111.  It 
contains  the  post-village  of  Johnstown. 

Cottonwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  GuUatin  co..  III.,  about 
15  miles  N.  of  Sliawneetown. 

Cottonwood,  a  township  of  Chase  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
506.  It  contains  the  village  of  Cedar  Point,  Cedar  Grove 
and  Hunts  Stations,  and  the  hamlet  of  Silver  Creek. 

Cottonwood,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Minn.,  is 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Minnesota  River,  and  is  about 
24  miles  W.N.W.  of  Mankato.     Pop.  697. 

Cottonwood,  a  post-village  of  Lyon  co.,  Minn.,  12 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Marshall.  It  has  a  church,  a  com- 
mon school,  a  lumber-mill,  general  stores,  <tc.     Pop.  200. 

Cottonwood,  a  post-village  of  Callahan  co.,  Tex.,  17 
miles  S.E.  of  Baird.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  250. 

Cottonwood  Creek,  California,  rises  in  the  Coast 
Range,  runs  nearly  eastward,  and  enters  the  Sacramento 
River  in  the  south  part  of  Shasta  co. 

Cottonwood  Creek,  Kansas,  rises  in  Marion  oo., 
runs  eastward  through  Chase  co.,  and  enters  the  Neosho 
River  in  Lyon  co.,  about  8  miles  S.E.  of  Emporia.  Length, 
about  100  miles. 

Cottonwood  Creek,  Nebraska,  runs  southeastward 
through  Saunders  co.,  and  enters  Saline  or  Salt  Creek  about 
2  miles  N.  of  Ashland.     It  is  nearly  70  miles  long. 

Cottonwood  Creek,  Wyoming,  rises  in  Albany  co., 
near  Laramie  Peak,  runs  eastward,  and  enters  the  North 
Fork  of  the  Platte  River  in  Laramie  co. 

Cottonwood  Falls,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Chase 
CO.,  Kansas,  on  Cottonwood  Creek,  1  mile  S.  of  the  Atchi- 
son, Topeka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad,  and  20  miles  W.  by  S. 
from  Emporia.  It  has  a  fine  stone  court-house,  2  banks,  3 
churches,  a  high  school,  and  manufactures  of  flour  and 
lumber.    Two  weekly  papers  are  published  here.    Pop.  770. 

Cottonwood  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Reno  co.,  Kan- 
sas, 35  miles  from  Hutchinson.     It  has  a  church. 

Cottonwood  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pemiscot  co., 
Mo.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  20  miles  below  Gayoso. 
It  has  2  churches  and  manufactures  of  luuiber. 

Cottonwood  or  Big  Cottonwood  River,  Min- 
nesota, drains  part  of  Lyon  co.,  runs  eastward,  intersects 
Redwood  and  Brown  cos.,  and  enters  the  Minnesota  River 
about  4  miles  below  New  Ulm.    It  is  nearly  140  miles  long. 

Cottonwood  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  eo.. 
Neb.,  on  the  Platte  River,  about  17  miles  S.E.  of  North 
Platte  Station. 

Cot'trellville,  a  township  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich., 
bounded  E.  by  the  river  St.  Clair.     Pop.  1054. 

Cotui,  or  Cotuy,  ko-twee',  a  town  of  the  island  of 
Hayti,  in  the  Northeastern  department,  near  the  river 
Yuma,  44  miles  N.N.E.  of  Santo  Domingo.  Pop.  2000.  In 
its  vicinity  are  copper-  and  iron-mines. 

Cotuit,  ko-tu'it,  a  post-village  of  Barnstable  co.,  Mass., 
on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  about  70  miles  S.S.E.  of  Boston.  It 
has  2  churches  and  common  and  high  schools. 

Cotuit  Port,  a  hamlet  of  Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  2 
miles  S.E.  of  Cotuit,  on  a  bay  called  Cotuit  HarlDor. 

Cotul'la,  a  post-village,  capital  of  La  Salle  eo.,  Tex., 
86  miles  by  rail  S.  of  San  Antonio.  It  has  a  bank  and  2 
newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  672. 

Cotyaeum,  the  ancient  name  of  Kutaieh. 

Coubcabia,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Coobcabia. 


cou 


965 


COU 


Coucli,  a  station  of  the  Chicago,  Millington  A  Western 
Railroad,  9  miles  from  Chicago,  111. 

Couches,  koosh,  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Sa&ne-et-Loire,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Autun.     Pop.  1597. 

Couch'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Davidson  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
Stone  Eiver,  12  miles  E.  of  Nashville. 

Couckelaerej  kow-keh-13,'r§h,  a  village  of  Belgium, 
province  of  West  Flanders,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Bruges,  on  the 
Westcbeke.     Pop.  4348. 

Coucy-Ie-ChateaUj  koo^see'-l^h-shSlHo',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Aisne,  10  miles  N.  of  Soissons.     Pop.  846. 

Coudeac,  a  river  of  New  Brunswick.   See  Petitcodiac. 

Coudekerque,  koodUifiBK',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Nord,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Dunkerque.     Pop.  515. 

Coudersport,  kow'd§rz-port,  a  post-borough,  capital 
of  Potter  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Alleghany  River,  near  its  source, 
about  02  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Lock  Haven.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  bank,  a  graded  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  foundry,  2 
steam  saw-mills,  2  carriage-shops,  and  a  tannery.   P.  1530. 

Coudes-Montpeyroux,  kood-m6No'piVoo',  a  village 
of  France,  department  of  Puy-de-Dome.     Pop.  1408. 

Coudoonia,koo-doo'ne-S,(?),ariverof  Western  Africa, 
in  Soodan,  falling  into  the  Niger  5  miles  N.W.  of  Egga. 

Coudres,  Canada.    See  Isle  aux  Coudues. 

Coueron,  koo-dV6No',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire- Inf6- 
rieure,  on  the  Loire,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Savenay.     Pop.  10C3. 

Couesmes,  kwaim  or  kwfim,  a  village  of  France,  11 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Mayenne.     Pop.  of  commune,  1417. 

Couesnon,  koo-i^nftu"'  or  kwi^niN"',  a  river  of  France, 
department  of  lUc-et-Vilaine,  enters  Cancale  Bay  nearly 
opposite  Mont  Saint-Michel,  after  a  generally  N.  course  of 
55  miles,  for  the  last  20  miles  of  which  it  is  navigable. 

Coufr6,  koo'fi',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Loire-Inf6rieure,  6  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ancenis.     Pop.  229. 

Couhe,  koo^i',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Vienne, 
11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Civray,  on  the  Dive.     Pop.  1893. 

Coulan,  a  town  of  India.     See  Quilon. 

Cou'lee  City,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  co.,  Washing- 
ton, 124  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Spokane.  It  has  a  church,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  a  high-school.     Pop.  about  300. 

Coullon,  koolMoN"',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Loiret,  33  miles  S.E.  of  Orleans.     Pop.  848. 

CouI'man,  an  island  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  Lat.  73° 
36'  S.;  Ion.  170°  0' 2"  E. 

Coulommiers,  kooMom^me-i',  a  town  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Seine-et-Marne,  on  the  Grand-Morin,  an  afflu- 
ent of  the  Marne,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Meaux.  Pop.  4239.  Its 
chief  edifices  are  a  large  parish  church  and  the  ruins  of  an 
old  castle.  It  has  an  active  trade  with  Paris  in  corn  and 
flour.  Brie  cheeses,  fruit,  and  cattle. 

Coulonges-sur-Lautize,  kooM6>rzb'-siiR-loHeez',  a 
town  of  France,  department  of  Deux-Sevres,  12  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Niort.     Pop.  1338. 

Coulson,  kol'spn,  a  station  in  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
New  Castle  &  Franklin  Railroad,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Mercer. 

Coulson,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  15  miles 
from  Orillia.     Pop.  100. 

Coulter,  kol't^r,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grand  co..  Col.,  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Hot  Sulphur  Springs. 

Coultersville,  kol't§rz-vil,  a  post-village  of  Randolph 
CO.,  III.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Alton  A  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  33 
miles  S.E.  of  Belleville,  and  47  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
It  has  4  churches,  an  academy,  a  machine-shop,  a  steam- 
mill,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  698. 

Coultersville,  a  village  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  in  South 
Versailles  township,  on  the  Baltimore  &,  Ohio  Railroad,  and 
on  the  Youghiogheny  River,  22  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pittsburg. 
It  has  3  churches  and  a  public  school.  Pop.  about  400. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Duncan.  Its  inhabitants  are 
mostly  coal-miners. 

Coultersville,  Butler  co..  Pa.    See  Sunbcry. 

Coulterville,  kol't§r-vil,  a  post-village  of  Mariposa 
CO.,  Cal.,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Mariposa.  It  has  a  church,  a 
quartz-mill,  and  a  common  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  525. 

Couna,  the  Latin  name  of  Kotno. 

Council,  a  hamlet  of  North  Carolina.    See  Bristol. 

Council  (k5wn'sil)  Bluffs,  a  city  of  Iowa,  the  capital 
of  Pottawattamie  co.,  is  situated  about  3  miles  E.  of  the 
Missouri  River,  4  miles  E.  by  N.  from  Omaha,  141  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Des  Moines,  and  317  miles  W.  of  Davenport.  It 
is  at  the  junction  of  the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  &  Council 
BluflFs,  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific,  the  Chicago 
A  Northwestern,  the  Chicago,  Burlington  A  Quincy,  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul,  and  the  Omaha  A  St. 
Louis  Railroads.  The  site  is  a  plain  or  bottom,  bordered 
on  the  E,  by  high  bluffs  which  command  a  beautiful  view 
of  the  town  and  river.    It  contains  a  Federal  and  county 


court-house,  an  institution  for  the  deaf  and  dumb,  founded 
by  the  state  in  1855,  several  banks,  a  high  school,  19 
churches,  manufactures  of  carriages,  paper,  iron,  and  agri- 
cultural implements  and  machines,  and  printing-offices 
which  issue  2  daily  and  4  weekly  newspapers.  Three  grand 
railroad  bridges  across  the  Missouri  River  connect  this  city 
with  Omaha,  Nebraska.  Council  Blufi's  is  the  largest  town 
of  Western  Iowa.     Pop.  in  1890,  21,474. 

Council  Grove,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Morris  co., 
Kansas,  on  the  Neosho  River,  37  miles  by  rail  S.S.E  of 
Junction  City,  and  24  miles  N.W.  of  Emporia.  It  has  2 
state  banks,  7  churches,  a  graded  school,  3  newspaper  offices, 
2  flour-mills,  2  broom-factories,  a  canning-factory,  and  a 
cheese-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  2211. 

Council  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jo  Daviess  co..  111.,  in 
Council  Hill  township,  1  mile  from  the  Illinois  Central 
Railroad,  and  7  or  8  miles  N.E.  of  Galena.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  725. 

Council  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa. 

Council  Hill  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jo  Daviess 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of 
Galena. 

Council  House,  a  post-office  of  Choctaw  Nation,  In 
dian  Territory. 

Counover,  a  post-office  of  Iowa.    See  Conover. 

Count  Heidcn  Islands,  in  the  Pacific.   See  Legief. 

Country  Harbor,  a  post-village  and  gold  district  in 
Guysborough  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  Country  Harbor  River, 
30  miles  S.W.  of  Guysborough.     Pop.  300. 

Count's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Carter  co., 
Ky.,  10  miles  AV.  of  Grayson. 

Counts'ville,  a  post-office  of  Lexington  co.,  S.C 

Coun'ty  Home,  a  station  on  the  Southwestern  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  3  miles  S.  from  Greensburg,  Pa. 

County  House,  a  station  in  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  on  th« 
Michigan  Central  Railroad,  15  miles  W.  of  Detroit. 

County  House,  a  station  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Bath  A  Hammondsport  Railroad,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Bath. 

County  Line,  a  hamlet  of  Campbell  and  Carroll  cos., 
Ga.,  on  the  Chattahoochee  River,  8  miles  N.  of  Newnan. 
It  has  2  churches. 

County  Line,  Ind.    See  Rose  Hill. 

County  Line,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Southwest  division  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A 
Pacific  Railroad,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Fairfield,  Iowa.  It  has 
a  church. 

County  Line,  a  station  on  the  line  between  Ingham 
and  Eaton  cos.,  Mich.,  on  the  railroad  from  Jackson  to 
Grand  Rapids,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Charlotte. 

County  Line,  a  station  of  Muskegon  and  Newaj'go 
COS.,  Mich.,  on  the  Grand  Rapids,  Newaygo  A  Lake  Shore 
Railroad,  24  miles  N.  of  Grand  Rapids. 

County  Line,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saginaw  co.,  Mich., 
in  Birch  Run  township,  on  the  Flint  A  Pcre  Marquette 
Railroad,  15  miles  N.  of  Flint.  It  has  a  church  and  manu- 
factures of  lumber  and  hoops. 

County  Line,  a  post-office  of  Quitman  co..  Miss. 

County  Line,  a  post-office  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,'on  the 
Lake  Ontario  Shore  Railroad,  32  miles  E.  of  Lewiston. 

County  Line,  a  post-hamlet  of  Davie  co.,  N.C.,  about 
20  miles  N.E.  of  Statesville.  It  has  an  academy  and  a 
tobacco-factory. 

County  Line,  a  post-office  of  Northumberland  co..  Pa., 
on  the  line  between  Dauphin  and  Northumberland  cos. 

County  Line,  a  post-office  of  Moore  co.,  Tenn.,  10 
miles  W.  of  TuUahoma. 

County  Line,  a  station  on  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern 
Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

County  Line  Creek,  North  Carolina,  runs  northeast- 
ward in  Caswell  co.  and  enters  the  Dan  River  at  Milton. 

County  Line  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of  Char- 
lotte CO.,  Va.,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Keysville  Station. 

Coupang,  a  town  of  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Coepang. 

Couparle  (koo'parl')  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison 
CO.,  Miss.,  about  24  miles  N.E.  of  Canton.    It  has  a  church. 

Coupeville,  or  Coupville,  koop'vil,  a  post-village, 
capital  of  Island  co.,  Washington,  is  on  Whidby  Island, 
and  on  Puget  Sound,  about  90  miles  N.  of  Olympia.  It  has 
2  churches,  2  saw-mills,  and  2  newspaper  offices.    Pop.  513. 

Coupiac,  koo^pe-8,k',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Aveyron,  25  miles  S.  of  Rodez. 

Courbevoie,  kooR*b§b-vwi',  a  town  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Seine,  on  the  Seine,  and  on  the  Paris  A  Ver- 
sailles Railway,  5i  miles  N.W.  of  Paris.     Pop.  11,811. 

Courcelles,  kooR's^U',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hai- 
naut,  4i  miles  N.W.  of  Charleroi.  Pop.  3226.  Courcellk 
or  Courcelles  is  the  name  of  several  villages  of  France. 


mv 


9M 


OOU 


Conrcemontf  kooii'«^h-m6»^,  »  town  of  Franc«,  de- 
partnipiit  of  Sarthe,  14  milo«  N.N.G.  of  Le  Mant.     P.  in02. 

Courcit^,  kooR'SM'U',  a  morket-town  of  France,  de- 
jMrtment  and  17  miloa  E.  of  Mnycnno.     Pop.  2100. 

Courdemanchet  kooRMQh-mA.Nnh',  a  villnj;^  of 
Fninoe,  in  SArthc,  II  miles  S.W.  of  Snint-Ciilai*.     P.  1525. 

Conrland*  or  Kurlnnd,  koor'lnnd  (Gor.  pron.  kooR'- 
Ilnt),  a  govornincnt  of  UuMia,  ono  of  tho  Daltio  provinces, 
bounded  W.  by  the  Baltic,  N.  by  tho  Gulf  of  Riga,  and 
N.K.  by  the  river  Dwiniu  Area,  10,535  square  miles.  It 
is  genornlly  level,  with  many  lakes  and  marshes.  Agri- 
culture is  the  chief  pursuit.  The  upper  classes  are  mainly 
of  German  descent;  but  tho  peasantry  are  of  many  tribes 
and  eiiijiloy  several  languages,  few  being  Russians.  Among 
them  are  the  Kures  (whence  the  country  has  its  name)  and 
other  Lettish  peoples,  the  Krovinncs,  Ac.,  partly  Slavic  and 
partly  Finnish.     Capital,  Mittau.     Pop.  619,154. 

Courmaycur,  kouii'in&'yuit',  or  Corm^or)  koR-m&- 
yoB',  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Turin,  19  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Aosta,  on  the  Dora  Baltea,  among  tho  Alps.  It  is  much 
visited  for  its  mineral  springs  and  its  scenery.     Pop.  1213. 

Cournon,  koou'niv',  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy-de- 
DOmc,  0  miles  E.S.E.  of  Clermont-Ferrand.     Pop.  2622. 

Courpiere,  koon'pe-aiB',  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy-de- 
Dfirae,  on  the  Dore,  22  miles  E.  of  Clermont-Ferrand.  Pop., 
with  commune,  3090. 

Conrri^res,  kooR'ne-ain',  a  town  of  France,  in  Pas- 
de-Calais,  18  miles  E.S.E.  of  B6thune.     Pop.  3113. 

Cours,  kooR,  a  village  of  France,  in  llhOne,  20  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Villefranche,  on  the  Trambouze.  Pop.  4909. 
It  is  tho  centre  of  an  extensive  manufacture  of  cotton  goods, 
called  Beaujolais. 

Coursan,  kooR^sftu*',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Aude,  on  tho  river  Aude,  6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Narbonne.  It 
has  a  distillery  of  brandy.     Pop.  2285. 

Cour'sen's  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.,  Kan. 

Courseulies,  koon'sull',  or  Coursenlle-sar-Mer, 
kooR^sull'-sUn-maiR,  a  village  of  France,  in  Calvados,  near 
the  English  Channel,  11  miles  N.N.W.of  Caen.     Pop.  1681. 

Conrsicux,  a  village  of  France.     See  CotrnziEU. 

Courson,  koon^six"',  a  village  of  France,  in  Yonne,  13 
miles  S.  of  Auxerre.     Pop.  1419. 

Conrson,  a  village  of  France,  in  Calvados,  40  miles 
B.W.  of  Caen.     Pop.  1260.   % 

Courtablcau  Bayou,  koor*tl'bl5'  bl'oo,  Louisiana, 
is  formed  by  Boeuf  and  Crocodile  Bayous,  which  unite  in 
Bt.  Landry  parish  about  8  miles  N.  of  Opelousas.  It  runs 
southeastward  nearly  35  miles,  and  enters  the  Atchafalaya. 
During  high  water  it  is  navigable  by  steamboats  from  its 
mouth  to  Washington. 

Coiirtais,  koorHi',  a  creek  of  Missouri,  flows  into  the 
Osage  Fork  of  Maramee  River,  in  Crawford  co. 

Courtais,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  962. 

Courtelari,  a  town  of  Switzerland.     See  CounrLAni. 

Courtcnay,  kooRt*n4',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Loiret,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Montargis.     Pop.  2022. 

Cojirteney,k5rt'nee,  a  station  in  Vanderburg  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  St.  Louis  A  Southeastern  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of 
Evnnsville. 

Conrt'er,  a  post-hamlet  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  In- 
dianapolis, Peru  &  Chicago  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Peru. 

Court  House,  a  station  in  Richmond  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Statcn  Island  Railroad,  4  miles  S.AV.  of  Vanderbilt  Land- 
ing.    It  is  near  Richmond,  the  county  scat. 

Courthouse,  a  township  of  Camden  co.,  N.C.   P.  1759. 

Courthouse,  township,  Chesterfield  co.,  S.C.    P.  1708. 

Courthouse,  a  township  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C. 
Pop.  1229. 

Courtinay,  koor*te-ni',  a  large  village  of  India,  dis- 
trict and  10  miles  N.W.  of  Bellary. 

Conrtisols,  koon^tee'zol',  a  vill.ige  of  France,  in  Marne, 
7  miles  E.N.E.  of  Chalons.  Pop.  1740.  Its  inhabitants, 
said  to  be  descended  from  an  ancient  Greek  colony,  arc  dis- 
tinguished by  their  agricultural  knowledge,  their  patoit, 
and  their  many  peculiar  customs. 

Courtland,  kOrt'land,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co., 
Ala.,  on  the  Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad,  19  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Decatur,  and  169  miles  E.  of  Memphis.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  cotton-gin,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop. 
in  1890,  579. 

Courtland,  a  post-village  of  Sacramento  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Sacramento  River,  10  miles  W.  of  Elk  Grove  Railroad 
Station.     It  has  2  churches,  a  liasket-factory,  Ac. 

Courtland,  a  post-village  of  De  Kalb  co.,  III.,  55  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Chicago,  and  5  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Sycamore. 
It  has  a  church,  a  public  school,  a  creamery,  a  mill,  and  a 
cheese-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  313. 


Courtland,  a  post-villnge  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas,  10 
miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Belleville.  It  has  2  church 
organientinns,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  oflUeo.     Pop.  367. 

Courtland,  a  township  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  1287. 

Courtltind,  a  no^t-vithige  of  Nicollet  co.,  Minn.,  22 
miles  by  mil  W.  of  St.  Peter.  It  has  a  public  school.  Pop. 
about  175. 

Courtland,  a  post-Tillage  of  Panola  oo..  Miss.,  on  tho 
Mississippi  A  Tennessee  Railroad,  64  miles  S.  of  Memphis. 
It  has  2  churches.     Much  cotton  is  shipped  hero  annually. 

Courtland,  Nebraska  and  New  YorK.    See  Coiitlanp. 

Courtland,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Southampton  co., 
Va.,  28  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Suffolk.  It  has  3  churches,  2 
peanut-factories,  and  2  lumber-factories.     Pop.  TOO. 

Courtland,  a  township  of  Columbia  co.,  M'is.  Pop. 
1245.     It  contains  part  of  Cambria  and  Randolph. 

Courtland,  orMiddleton  Centre,  a  post-village  in 
Norfolk  CO.,  Ontario,  on  tho  Canada  Air-Line  Railway,  8 
miles  W.  of  Delhi.  It  contains  4  stores,  2  checso-factorics, 
and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  150. 

Courtland  Centre,  Kent  co.,  Mich.    See  Courtland. 

Courtlandville,  k5rt'l^nd-vll,  a  hamlet  of  Dutchcds 
CO.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  from  Hopewell  Junction. 

Courtlari,  or  Courtelari,  koontM&Vee',  a  town  of 
Switzerland,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Bern.     Pop.  1095. 

Court'macsher'ry,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Cork, 
on  the  W.  shore  of  Courtmacsherry  Bay,  7  miles  E.  of 
Clonakilty.     Pop.  485. 

Courtney,  kSrl'nee,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Monongahela  River,  26  miles  by  rail  S.  of 
Pittsburg.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  and  manufactures 
of  fire-brick.     Pop.  about  200. 

Courtney,  a  post-village  of  Grimes  co.,  Tex.,  on  or 
near  tho  Brazos  River,  and  on  the  Houston  A  Texas  Central 
Railroad,  02  miles  N.W.  of  Houston.  It  has  5  churches. 
Several  thousand  bales  of  cotton  are  annually  shipped  here. 
Pop.  about  300. 

Conrtrai,  or  Courtray,  koonHrd'  (anc.  Cortori' acum ; 
Flem.  Kortryk,  kont'rike),  a  fortified  town  of  Belgium,  in 
West  Flanders,  on  the  Lys,  26  miles  S.AV.  of  Ghent,  with 
which,  as  also  with  most  of  tho  other  principal  places  in 
Belgium,  it  communicates  by  numerous  railways.  Pop.  in 
1891,  30,908.  It  is  well  built  and  clean;  chief  edifices,  a 
Gothic  town  hall  and  cathedral,  St.  Martin's  church,  a 
public  library,  and  a  famous  belfry.  It  abounds  in  works 
of  art,  and  has  various  public  schools.  In  and  around  it 
are  carried  on  extensive  manufactures  of  linen  and  cotton 
fabrics,  damasks,  lace,  and  yarn ;  it  has  also  manufactures 
of  woollen  goods,  hosiery,  paper,  tobacco,  soap,  beer,. and 
leather. 

Courtrai  is  of  early  origin ;  in  Roman  times  it  was  called 
Cortoriacum.  The  Normans  took  and  fortified  it  in  880  ;  the 
locality  was  made  a  countship  in  988.  The  (first)  "Battle 
of  the  Spurs"  was  fought  close  to  the  town,  July  11,  1302, 
between  the  Flemings  and  French,  in  which  the  latter  were 
defeated,  with  immense  loss,  including  the  8000  gilt  spurs 
of  the  killed  or  vanquished  French  knights,  from  wnich 
circumstance  the  fight  took  its  name.  In  1382  the  French 
took  and  sacked  the  town,  to  revenge  this  signal  defeat. 
The  French  took  the  town  again  in  1793. 

Courville,  kooa'veel',  a  town  of  France,  in  Eure-et- 
Loir,  on  the  Eure,  11  miles  W.  of  Chartres.     Pop.  1718. 

Courzien,  or  Coursieux,  kooR*zc-uh',  a  village  of 
France,  in  Rhone,  12  miles  W.  of  Lyons.     Pop.  1674. 

Couscea,  a  town  of  Guinea.    See  Conseca. 

Coushatta  Chute,  koo-sh&t'ta  shoot',  a  post-village, 
capital  of  Red  River  parish.  La.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  Red 
River,  65  miles  below  Shrevcport,  and  about  28  miles  N.W. 
of  Natchitoches'.  It  has  a  newspaper  office  and  2  churches. 
Pop.  about  1000. 

Coussac-Bonneval,  koos^sJk'-bonn'vM',  a  village  of 
France,  in  Haute- Vienne,  21  miles  S.  of  Limoges.  Pop. 
784;  of  commune,  3412. 

Coutances,  kooH6:«ss'  (anc.  Con  si  an' ti  a),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Manche,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Soulle  and  Bui- 
sard,  7  miles  from  the  English  Channel,  and  41  miles  S.  of 
Cherbourg.  Pop.  8008.  It  stands  on  a  hill-slope,  surrounded 
by  an  old  wall.  It  has  a  cathedral,  which  was  built  about 
1056  and  is  one  of  the  finest  in  Normandy,  two  other  hand- 
some churches,  a  bishop's  palace,  prefecture,  commercial 
college,  public  library,  and  tneatre,  manufactures  of  worsted 
stuffs,  druggets,  tape,  lace,  parchments,  and  hardwares,  a 
brisk  trade  in  corn,  flax,  hemp,  butter,  and  cattle,  and  two 
considerable  annual  fairs.  Coutances  is  an  ancient  town, 
and  had  a  bishop  in  430. 

Couterne,  kooHSRn',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ome,  on  the 
V6e  and  Mayennc,  11  miles  E.S.E.  of  Domfront.   Pop.  156? 


coir 


967 


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Couthuin-Reppe,  kow-toin'-rSp'p^h  (Fr.  pron.  koo'- 
twilso'-rSppI,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Liege,  on  the  Meuse, 
4  miles  AV.  of  Huy.     Pop.  2820. 

Coutiches,  kooHeesh',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  8 
miles  N.E.  of  Douai.     Pop.  296;  of  commune,  2005.  _ 

Coutouvre,  kooHoovn',  a  village  of  France,  in  Loir-et- 
Chor,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Roanne.     Pop.  1881. 

Coutrns,  kooHri'  (anc.  Corterate),a.  town  of  France,  in 
Gironde,  on  the  Dronne,  at  a  railway  junction,  30  miles  N.E. 
cf  Bordeaux.     Pop.  2202. 

Couves,  k6'ves,  or  ko'oo'vfis,  two  small  islands  of 
Brazil,  off  the  coast  of  the  province  of  Bao  Paulo.  Lat.  23° 
25'  S. ;  Ion.  44°  55'  W. 

Couvet,  kooVi',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  in  the  Val  de 
Travers,  14  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Neufchatel.  It  has 
manufactures  of  lace  and  absinthe. 

Couvillonville,  kooVe^yo>-°Veel',  a  village  of  Avoy- 
ellcB  parish,  La.,  about  30  miles  N.AV.  of  Port  Hudson.  It 
has  a  church,  a  steam  grist-mill,  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Couvin,  kooS-dN"',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and 
35  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Namur.  Pop.  2520.  It  has  iron- 
mines,  and  manufactures  of  steam-machinery  and  cables. 

Cove,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Kincardine,  on  a  bay, 
4  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Aberdeen.     Pop.  450. 

Cove,  a  maritime  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Cork,  1  mile 
E.  of  Kinsale.  Queenstown,  in  this  county,  was  formerly 
called  Cove,  or  Cove  of  Cork. 

Cove,  a  post-viUuge  of  Polk  co.,  Ark.,  12  miles  S.  by 
W.  of  Dallas.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  grist-, 
Baw-,  and  shingle-mills,  and  a  carriage-factory. 

Cove,  a  hamlet  iind  shipping-point  of  Anne  Arundel  co., 
Md.,  on  Chesapeake  Bay,  12  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Upper  Marl- 
borough. 

Cove,  a  township  of  Islo  Royale  co.,  Mich.  It  con- 
tains Minong. 

Cove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  Oregon,  about  15  miles 
B.E.  of  La  Grande.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  but- 
ter- and  cheese-factory,  and  a  tannery.    Pop.  in  1890,  223. 

Cove,  a  station  in  Perry  co..  Pa.     See  Cove  Forge. 

Cove  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Whitfield  co.,  Ga.,  about 
15  miles  S.  of  Dalton,  the  capital  of  the  county.  It  has 
several  general  stores  and  other  business  houses. 

Cove  Creek,  a  post-o£Bce  of  Hot  Spring  co..  Ark.,  on 
the  Ouachita  River,  and  on  the  Hot  Springs  Railroad. 

Cove  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Haywood  co.,  N.C. 

Cove  Creek,  a  township,  AVatauga  co.,  N.C,    Pop.  887. 

Cove  Creek,  a  post  office  of  Millard  co.,  Utah. 

Cove  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Tazewell  co.,  Va. 

Cove  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  W.  Va.,  25 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Huntington. 

Cove  Forge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Blair  co..  Pa.,  4  miles 
N.E.  of  Williamsburg.     It  has  a  general  store. 

Cove  Forge,  a  hamlet  of  Perry  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Sus- 
quehanna River,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  1  mile 
E.  of  Duncannon.     Here  is  an  iron-forge. 

Cove  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  W.  Va.,  30 
miles  S.  of  Barboursville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  store. 

Cove  Head,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co..  Prince  Ed- 
Ward  Island,  12  miles  N.  of  Charlottetown.     Pop.  300. 

Cove  Head  Road,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co., 
Prince  Edward  Island,  9  miles  N.  of  Charlottetown.  P.  250. 

Cove  Island,  or  Great  Island,  in  the  harbor  of 
Cork,  Ireland,  contains  Queenstown,  and  has  an  area  of 
13,000  acres.  It  is  occupied  with  villas  and  plantations 
and  connected  with  the  mainland  by  several  bridges. 

Cove'land,  a  post-village  of  Island  co.,  Washington, 
on  Whidby  Island,  and  on  an  inlet  of  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
about  95  miles  N.  of  Olympia. 

Co'vell,  a  post-hamlet  of  McLean  co.,  111.,  6  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Bloomington.     It  has  a  church. 

Covelo,  ko'v?-lo,  a  post-village  of  Mendocino  co.,  Cal., 
60  miles  (direct)  N.  of  Ukiah.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  hop-drying  factory.     Pop.  300. 

Cove'long,  a  maritime  town  of  British  India,  presi- 
dency and  22  miles  S.  of  Madras,  district  of  Chingleput. 

Cove  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Mifflin  co.,  Pa.,  in  Dcrry 
township,  J  mile  from  Maitland  Station,  which  is  5  miles 
N.E.  of  Lcwistown. 

Coven'a,  a  post-office  of  Emanuel  co.,  Ga. 

Coventry,  kiiv'?n-tre  (L.  Coven'tria),  a  city  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  Warwick,  85  miles  N.W.  of  London,  and  9J 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Warwick,  at  the  crossing  of  two  railways. 
The  more  modern  parts  of  the  town  are  regularly  and  well 
built,  well  paved,  lighted  with  gas,  and  abundantly  sup- 
plied with  water.  Among  the  more  remarkable  buildings 
^ro  St.  Michael's  church,  a  masterpiece  of  the  lighter  Gothic 
Ityle,  Trinity  church,  St.  John's  church,  Christ  church,  a 


handsome  modern  building  attached  to  the  elegant  spire  of 
the  Greyfriars'  monastery,  and  St.  Mary's  hall,  erected  in 
the  time  of  Henry  VI.  and  esteemed  one  of  the  finest  speci- 
mens of  the  ornamental  architecture  of  the  fifteenth  cen- 
tury in  England.  To  these  buildings  may  be  added  the 
theatre,  the  town  hall,  the  drapers'  hall,  the  jail,  barracks, 
and  other  handsome  public  structures.  It  has  also  a  hand- 
some Gothic  Roman  Catholic  chapel,  and  places  of  worship 
belonging  to  Independents,  Baptists,  Methodists,  Unita- 
rians, and  the  Society  of  Friends.  The  charitable  institu- 
tions are  numerous  and  well  endowed,  the  principal  of 
which  are  Sir  Thomas  AVhite's  Charity,  the  men's,  boys', 
old  men's,  and  old  women's  hospitals,  <fcc.  The  scholastic 
foundations  are  the  free  grammar-school,  a  richly-endowed 
institution,  several  charity  schools,  and  a  school  of  design. 
There  are  also  a  library,  a  mechanics'  institute,  a  society 
for  the  diffusion  of  religious  and  useful  knowledge,  several 
dispensaries,  and  a  beautifully  laid-out  cemetery. 

Coventry  was  early  celebrated  for  its  manufactures  of 
cloth  caps  and  bonnets,  and  for  a  kind  of  blue  thread  called 
"Coventry  true  blue."  Weaving  and  watch-making  now 
constitute  the  staple  business.  Gauze,  ribbons,  elastic  webs, 
carpets,  carriage-lace,  sewing-machines,  castings,  Ac,  are 
here  manufactured,  and  fringe-making  and  silk-dyeing  are 
carried  on.  Coventry  was  formerly  surrounded  with  lofty 
walls,  in  which  were  12  gates.  Its  pageants  and  processions 
were  of  the  most  magnificent  description,  and  Mi/8terie» 
were  here  enacted  in  a  stylo  nowhere  else  equalled.  The 
old  predilection  of  the  people  of  Coventry  for  gorgeous 
pageantry  is  still  manifested  by  the  triennial  processional 
show  in  honor  of  the  Lady  Godiva,  who  unwittingly  tempted 
"  Peeping  Tom  of  Coventry"  into  the  indiscretion  for  which 
he  has  been  immortalized.  Coventry,  since  1453,  has  sent 
two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons.    P.  (1891)  52,720. 

Cov'entry,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Tolland  co..  Conn., 
in  Coventry  townsnip,  about  18  miles  E.  of  Hartford.  The 
township  contains  a  village  named  South  Coventry,  and  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Willimantic.  It  has  4  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  silk  goods  and  woollen  goods,   P.  2057. 

Coventry,  a  post-village  of  Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Coventry  township,  28  miles  N.E.  of  Binghamton.  It  has  2 
churches.  The  township  has  4  churches,  many  rich  dairy- 
farms,  and  much  beautiful  hill-scenery.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 1349,  Coventry  Station,  on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna 
<t  Western  Railroad,  is  12  miles  S,  of  Norwich. 

Coventry,  a  township  of  Summit  co.,  0.  It  has  5 
churches,  mines  of  rich  coal,  manufactures  of  stoneware,  <tc. 
Pop.  1817.     It  contains  New  Portage. 

Coventry,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  R.I.,  in  Coventry 
township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Pawtuxet  River,  and  on  the 
New  York  <fc  New  England  Railroad,  18  miles  S.W.  of 
Providence,  Here  are  manufactures  of  cotton  prints,  &e. 
Coventry  township  contains  villages  named  Anthony, 
Greene,  and  Coventry  Centre.    Pop.  of  the  township,  5068. 

Coventry,  a  post-village  of  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  in  Coven- 
try township,  on  Black  River,  4  or  5  miles  N.  of  Irasburg, 
and  3  miles  W.  of  Coventry  Station,  which  is  on  the  Pas- 
Bumpsic  Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of  Derby  Line.  It  has  a 
church,  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  starch.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  879. 

Cov'entry,  or  Colum'bia,  a  post-village  in  Cardwell 
CO.,  Ontario,  3  miles  N.  of  Bolton.     Pop.  250. 

Cov'entry  Centre,  a  village  of  Coventry  township, 
Kent  CO.,  R.I.,  on  the  New  York  <fc  New  England  Railroad, 
about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Providence.  It  has  a  manufactory 
of  woollen  yarn.     Pop.  300, 

Cov'entryville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chenango  co,,  N,Y 
about  16  miles  S.  of  Norwich.     It  has  a  church. 

Coventryville,  a  hamlet  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  in  South 
Coventry  township,  6  miles  S.S.W,  of  Pottstown.  It  haa  a 
church,  and  a  flour-mill  on  French  Creek. 

Cove  of  Cork,  Ireland.    See  Qdeesstown,  '^ 

Cove  Point,  a  post-village  of  Calvert  co.,  Md.,  on  or 
near  Chesapeake  Bay,  40  miles  S.  of  Annapolis.  It  has 
several  stores  and  a  wharf  for  steamers. 

Covert,  kiiv'^rt,  a  post-hamlet  of  Osborne  co.,  Kansas, 
28  miles  N,  of  Russell. 

Covert,  a  post-village  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Deerfield  township,  9  miles  N,  of  AVatervliet  Railroad  Sta- 
tion, and  about  26  miles  S.W.  of  Allegan,  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Covert,  a  post-hamlet  of  Seneca  co..  N.Y.,  in  Covert 
township,  and  on  the  Geneva,  Ithaca  &  Sayre  Railroad,  14 
miles  N.W.  of  Ithaca.  It  has  a  church  and  manufac- 
tures of  lumber  and  barrels.  The  town.ship  is  bounded  oa 
the  E.  by  Cayuga  Lake.  The  soil  is  a  fertile  sandy  loam 
lased  on  limestone.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2097. 


cov 


968 


COW 


Covert*!  Mill*  »  »UUon  in  Lftwrono«  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Yo«B«town  Unuioh  of  the  Pitt«burg,  Furt  Wftyne  A  Cbi- 

TiUilrood,  40  miles  N.AV.  of  Pittuburg. 
ovo  Station,  a  pont-ofneo  of  Huntingdon  oo.,  Pa.,  on 
the  iliintingdou  A  liroad  Tup  Kailroad,  21  mile*  S.  of 
Uuntingiion. 

Covcavillc,  kOvi'vII,  a  a  poat-hnmlot  of  Albemarle  co., 
Va.,  on  the  Virginia  Midland  Kailroad,  16  miles  S.W.  of 
Cbarlottctvillo.     It  haa  a  church  and  a  mineral  spring. 

Covcville,kOv'vil,  apost-hamlct  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Iludfon  Kivor,  anion  the  Champlain  Canal. 

Covoy  (kQv'e)  Jlill,  a  post-village  in  Huntingdon  co., 
Quebec,  10  miles  W.  of  Hemmingford.  It  contains  saw- 
and  grist-mills.    Pop.  150. 

Covilhft,  ko-vcel-y&a"',  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira, 
21  miles  S.W.  of  Quarda.  It  has  a  Latin  school,  woollen- 
manufaoturcs,  and  thermal  springs.     Pop.  8S38. 

Covington,  kQv'ing-t^n,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of 
Alabama,  bordering  on  Florida,  has  an  area  of  about  1160 
square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Conecuh  Kiver,  and 
is  also  drained  by  Yellow  liivcr.  The  surface  is  uneven  or 
nearly  level,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and 
other  trees.  The  soil  is  sandy  and  poor.  It  produces  some 
cotton,  and  Indian  corn.  Capital,  Andalusia.  Pop.  in 
1870,  4S6S;  in  1880,  5639;  in  1890,  7536. 

Covington,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Mississippi,  has 
an  area  uf  about  576  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Leaf 
Hiver  and  Bowie  Creek.  The  surface  is  partly  covered 
with  forests  of  pine;  the  soil  is  mostly  sandy  and  light. 
Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  Capital,  Wil- 
liamsburg. Pop.  in  1870,4753;  in  1880,5993;  in  1890, 
8299. 

Covington,  a  post-office  of  Lauderdale  co.,  Ala.,  17 
miles  (direct)  E.  by  N.  of  Florence. 

Covington,  an  incorporated  town,  capital  of  Newton 
CO.,  Ga.,  on  the  Georgia  Railroad,  41  miles  E.S.E.  of  At- 
lanta, and  2  miles  from  Emory  College.  It  has  a  court- 
house, a  bank,  a  female  college,  7  churches,  a  male  acad- 
emy, a  cotton  compress,  steam  ginneries,  an  oil-mill,  and  2 
newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  1823. 

Covington,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co..  III. 

Covington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Fountain  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Wabash  Kiver,  72  miles  by  rail 
N.W.  of  Indianapolis,  and  13  miles  E.  of  Danvjlle,  111. 
The  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  &  Western  Railroad  crosses 
the  Wabash  River  at  this  point.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  In- 
diana Normal  College.  Covington  has  2  banks,  a  brewery, 
a  flour-mill,  7  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  some  iron- 
works. Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1891. 

Covington,  a  post-office  of  Smith  co.,  Kansas. 

Covington,  a  city  of  Kentucky,  the  capital  of  Kenton 
CO.,  is  situated  on  the  Ohio  River,  opposite  Cincinnati,  and 
immediately  below  the  mouth  of  the  Licking  River.  It  is 
the  N.  terminus  of  the  Kentucky  Central  Railroad,  and 
is  99  miles  N.  of  Lexington  by  that  route.  It  is  also  on 
the  Louisville,  Cincinnati  &  Lexington  Railroad.  The 
site  is  a  nearly  level  plain.  A  grand  suspension  bridge, 
2252  feet  long,  crosses  the  Ohio  and  connects  Covington  with 
Cincinnati.  This  bridge  cost  nearly  $2,000,000.  Another 
bridge  across  the  Licking  connects  it  with  the  city  of  New- 
port. Covington  contains  many  residences  of  persons  who 
do  business  in  Cincinnati.  It  has  20  or  more  churches 
(Baptist,  Catholic,  Christian,  Lutheran,  Methodist,  and 
Presbyterian),  3  national  banks,  a  city  hall,  a  high  school, 
a  public  library,  a  new  United  States  court-house,  a  Cath- 
olic hospital,  a  foundling  asylum,  an  orphanage,  a  con- 
vent, and  two  Catholic  academies,  2  or  3  rolling-mills, 
several  distilleries,  manufactures  of  glassware  and  nails, 
and  numerous  tobacco-factories.  Three  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.  It  is  the  see  of  a  Catholic  bishop. 
Pop.  in  1870,  24,505;  in  1880,  29,720;  in  1890,  37,371. 

Covington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  St.  Tammany 
parish,  La.,  on  Bayou  Phalia,  about  42  miles  N.  of  New 
Orleans,  and  7  miles  N.  of  Lake  Pontchartrain.  It  has  4 
churches  and  a  newspaper  office.  It  is  surrounded  by  pine 
forests.     Pop.  585. 

Covington,  a  post-office  of  Pemiscot  co..  Mo. 

Covington,  a  post-village  of  Dakota  co,,  Nebraska,  on 
the  Missouri  River,  opposite  Sioux  City,  Iowa.  It  has  a 
church.  It  is  the  E.  terminus  of  the  Covington,  Columbus 
A,  Black  Hills  Railroad.     Pop.  194. 

Covington,  a  post-township  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y., 
about  32  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rochester.     Pop.  1132. 

Covington,  a  post-office  of  Richmond  co.,  N.C. 

Covington,  a  post-village  of  Miami  co.,  0.,  in  New- 
Wrry  township,  at  the  junction  of  Oreenville  and  Stillwater 


Creeks,  6  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Troy,  34  miles  by  rail  N.N.W. 
of  Dayton,  and  88  miles  M.  of  Cincinnati.  It  bus  6 
ehurehes,  a  bank,  manufacturee  of  flour  and  of  lime,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  hub-  and  spoke- factory,  and  several 
stone-quarrifs.     Pop.  1778. 

Covington,  a  township  of  Clearfield  oo..  Pa.  Pop.  701. 
It  cont4iin8  Frcnchville  and  Karthaus,  and  has  large  luuiber- 
mills  and  beds  of  iron  and  coal. 

Covington,  a  township  of  Lackawanna  co..  Pa.,  trav- 
ersed by  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  A  Western  Railroad. 
Pop.  1182. 

Covington,  a  post-borough  of  Tioga  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Tioga  River,  in  Covington  township,  and  on  the  Tioga  A 
Elmirn  State  Line  Railroad,  36  miles  S.  of  Corning,  and  5 
miles  N.  of  Blossburg.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school, 
a  manufactory  of  window-glass,  and  a  tannery.  Pop.  315; 
of  the  township,  811. 

Covington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Tipton  co.,  Tcnn., 
37  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Memphis.  It  has  8  churches,  a 
high  school,  a  female  seminary,  a  planing-mill,  2  steam 
roller-mills,  2  banks,  a  steam  cotton-gin,  and  2  newspaper 
offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  10()7. 

Covington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hill  co.,  Tex.,  45  mile* 
N.  of  Waco.     It  has  a  church,  2  stores,  and  a  mill. 

Covington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Alleghany  co., 
Va.,  on  Jackson's  River,  and  on  the  Chesapeake  A  Ohio 
Railroad,  205  miles  W.  of  Richmond,  and  22  miles  E.  of 
the  White  Sulphur  Springs.  It  is  surrounded  by  beautiful 
mountain-scenery,  and  has  4  churches.    Pop.  in  1880,  436. 

Covode',  a  post-office  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa. 

Cow'al,  or  Cow'all,  a  peninsular  district  of  Scotland, 
CO.  of  Argyle,  between  Loch  Long  and  the  Firth  of  Clyde 
on  the  E.  and  Loch  Tyne  on  the  VV. 

Cowan,  k6w'^n,  a  station  in  Perry  co.,  HI.,  on  the  Ches- 
ter A  Tamaroa  Railroad,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Pinckneyville 

Cowan,  Delaware  co.,  Ind.    See  MacCowan. 

Cowan,  a  post-village  of  Fleming  CO.,  Ky.,  on  theMays- 
ville  <Jc  Lexington  Railroad,  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Maysville. 
It  has  a  seminary. 

Cowan,  a  township  of  Wayne  co..  Mo.     Pop.  492. 

Cowan,  or  Far'inersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Buffalo  township,  4  miles  N.  of  Mifflinburg. 
It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  <tc. 

Cowan,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Nashville,  Chattanooga  A  St.  Louis  Railroad  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Sewanee  Railroad,  64  miles  W.  by  N.  from  Chat- 
tanooga, and  21  miles  S.W.  of  Traoy  City.  It  has  2  churches 
and  an  academy. 

Cowanesque  (kSw-^n-es'kwe)  Creek  rises  in  Potter 
CO.,  Pa.,  runs  nearly  eastward  through  Tioga  co.,  and  enters 
the  Tioga  River  in  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  about  1  mile  from  the 
southern  boundary  of  New  York. 

Cowanesque,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  co..  Pa.,  20  miles 
N.W.  of  Wellsborough,  and  25  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Addi- 
son, N.Y.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  lumber, 
sash,  blinds,  itc. 

Cow'an's  Depot,  a  post-office  of  Rockingham  CO., Va., 
11  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Harrisonburg. 

Cowan's  Ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mecklenburg  co., 
N.C,  on  the  Catawba  River. 

CoAvansIian'nock,  a  township  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa. 
Pop.  2246.     It  contains  Atwood. 

CoAvanshannock,  a  station  of  Armstrong  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  and  on  the  E.  bank  of 
the  Alleghany  River,  in  Pine  Creek  township,  48  miles  N.E, 
of  Pittsburg. 

Cowanshannock  Creek,  Armstrong  co..  Pa.,  runs 
westward  and  enters  the  Alleghany  River  about  4  miles 
above  Kittanning. 

CoAv'an's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Va. 

CoAVansville,  Armstrong  co..  Pa.    See  Middlesex. 

CoAv'ansville,  or  Nel'sonville,  a  post-village  in 
Missisquoi  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  S.  branch  of  the  Yamaska 
River,  and  on  the  Southeastern  Railway,  55  miles  S.E.  of 
Montreal.  It  contains  6  stores,  2  hotels,  2  churches,  a 
printing-office,  a  branch  bank,  and  several  mills  and  work- 
shops.    Pop.  600. 

Co^ward's',  a  station  in  Williamsburg  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
Northeastern  Railroad,  86  miles  N.  of  Charleston. 

Cow  Bay,  a  post-village  in  Cape  Breton  co..  Nova  Sco- 
tia, on  Cow  Bay,  an  inlet  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  22  miles  E, 
of  Sydney.  It  contains  5  stores,  and  rich  coal-minef  which 
are  worked  by  two  companies,  employing  about  600  hands. 
A  breakwater  in  the  bay  makes  it  a  safe  harbor.  Steamers 
ply  between  Cow  Bay  and  Sydney,  and  vessels  load  with 
coal  direct  for  Montreal  and  other  ports.     Pop.  1986. 

CoAv'bridge,  or  Pont-Vaen  (vi'en),  a  town  of 


cow 


969 


COX 


Wales,  CO.  of  Glamorgan,  on  the  small  river  Ddau,  12  miles, 
or  about  20  by  rail,  AV.  of  Cardiff.  In  the  vicinity  are  the 
remains  of  a  castle  and  of  a  prehistoric  structure.    P.  1134. 

Cow  Castle,  township,  Orangeburg  CO.,  S.C.   Pop  720. 

Cow  Creek,  Shasta  co.,  Cal.,  runs  southwestward,  and 
enters  the  Sacramento  River  about  16  miles  below  Shasta. 

Cow  Creek,  Pleasants  co.,  W.  Va.  See  Willow 
Island. 

Cow'den,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co..  111.,  on  the  Kas- 
kaskia  River,  15  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Altamont,  and 
11  miles  S.W.  of  Shelbyville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  a  hay- 
press,  a  tile-factory,  lumber-mills,  and  other  business 
houses.     Pop.  in  1890,  702. 

Cowden,  a  post-office  of  Aiken  co.,  S.C.,  6i  miles  from 
Aiken. 

Cow^ee',  a  township  of  Macon  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  760. 

Cowekee,  Alabama.     See  Cowikee. 

Cow'er,  a  trading-place  of  Africa,  on  the  Gambia,  about 
80  miles  from  its  mouth.    Lat.  13°  37'  N. ;  Ion.  14°  30'  W. 

Cowes,  kijwz,  or  West  Cowes,  a  seaport  town  and 
watering-place  of  England,  in  the  Isle  of  AVight,  on  the  AV. 
side  of  the  river  Medina,  at  its  mouth,  and  at  the  N.  ex- 
tremity of  the  island,  lOi  miles  S.S.E.  of  Southampton, 
and  11  miles  AV.S.AV.  of  Portsmouth,  with  both  of  which 
ports  it  communicates  by  steam  ferry.  A  railway  connects  it 
with  Newport  and  Ryde.  It  has  a  striking  appearance  from 
the  sea,  and  comprises  many  good  residences,  with  hotels, 
assembly-  and  reading-rooms,  a  battery  originally  built  by 
Henry  VIII.,  and  a  handsome  church.  Cowes  has  a  good 
bathing  establishment,  and  docks  for  yacht-building;  and 
it  is  the  headquarters  of  the  Royal  Yacht  Club,  who  hold 
their  annual  regatta  here.    Pop.  in  1891,  7768. 

East  Cowes  is  a  village  on  the  E.  side  of  the  river  Me- 
dina, at  its  mouth,  opposite  AVest  Cowes,  and  4  miles  N.  of 
Newport.  Pop.  2512.  It  has  the  custom-house  for  the  port 
of  Cowes.  Near  it  are  Norris  Castle  and  Osborne  House,  a 
residence  of  Queen  Victoria. 

Cowesett,  k5w-ee'set,  a  village  of  Kent  co.,  R.I.,  on  the 
Providence  &  Stonington  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Provi- 
dence.    Pop.  113. 

CoAveta,  kow-ee'ta,  a  county  in  theW.  part  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  420  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.AY.  by  the  Chattahoochee  River,  and  also  drained  by 
several  small  aifluents  of  the  Flint.  The  surface  is  uneven 
or  hilly,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  oak,  hick- 
ory, &c, ;  the  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
and  pork  are  staples.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Atlanta  &  AVest  Point  Railroad.  Capital,  Newman.  Pop. 
in  1870,  15.875;  in  1880,  21,109;  in  1890,  22,354. 

Cow'gill,  a  post-village  of  Caldwell  co..  Mo.,  about  26 
miles  by  rail  S.AA^.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  2  churches,  2 
banks,  2  newspaper  offioes,  and  wagon-  and  buggy-facto- 
ries.    Pop.  400. 

Cow'head  Spring,  a  chalybeate  sulphur  spring,  Beau- 
fort CO.,  N.C,  of  local  repute,  4  miles  N.  of  AA'ashington. 

Cow  Hill,  Hunt  co.,  Tex.    See  Ashland. 

CoAv'honse  Creek,  Texas,  rises  in  Hamilton  co.,  runs 
southeastward  through  Coryell  co.,  and  enters  the  Leon 
River  in  Bell  co.     It  is  about  100  miles  long. 

Cow4chan',  or  Caw^etchan',  a  post-town  on  the  E. 
coast  of  A'ancouver  Island,  British  Columbia,  and  on  a  river 
of  the  s.ame  name,  35  miles  N.  of  Victoria.  It  has  a  con- 
vent. Catholic  schools  for  Indians,  and  a  church.    Pop.  221. 

Cowikee,  or  Cowekee,  kSw-i'kee,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Barbour  co.,  Ala.,  about  24  miles  N.AV.  of  Eufaula. 

Cowikee  (or  Cowekee)  Creek,  Alabama,  is 
formed  by  three  forks,  the  North,  Middle,  and  South,  which 
unite  in  Barbour  co.  It  runs  southeastward,  and  enters  the 
Chattahoochee  River  about  8  miles  above  Eufaula. 

CowUshar',  a  town  of  Nepaul,  near  its  N.AV.  ex- 
tremity, on  the  Goggra.     Lat.  13°  16'  N. ;  Ion.  81°  5'  E. 

Cow  Island,  an  island  off  the  coast  of  Lincoln  co., 
Me.     Pop.  19. 

Cowles  (kolz)  Station,  a  post-office  of  Macon  co., 
Ala.,  on  the  Tallapoosa  River,  and  on  the  Western  Railroad 
of  Alabama,  30  miles  E.  of  Montgomery. 

CoAVlesville,  kolz'vll,  a  post-village  of  AVyoming  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Bennington  township,  about  22  miles  E.  by  S.  from 
Buffalo.  It  has  2  churches,  a  hotel,  a  mineral  spring,  a 
foundry,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  bank.     Pop.  about  350. 

Cow'ley,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an 
area  of  about  1100  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  AVhite- 
water  Creok,  an  affluent  of  the  Arkansas  River,  which  latter 
traverses  the  S.AV.  part  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating or  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  by  prairies  and 
bv  groves  of  cottonwood,  oak,  sycamore,  and  walnut ;  the  soil 
62 


is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  oats  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. It  is  intersected  by  the  Atchison,  Topeka  <fc  Santa  F6 
and  Missouri  Pacific  Railroads.  Capital,  AVinfield.  Pop. 
in  1870,1175;  in  1875,8963;  in  1876,  11,722;  in  1878, 
15,390;  in  1880,  21,538;  in  1890,  .34,478. 

Cow'ling,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wabash  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Cairo  &  A''incennes  Railroad,  36  miles  S.AV.  of  Vincennes. 

Cow'litz,  a  small  county  in  the  S.AV.  part  of  AVash- 
ington,  is  bounded  on  the  S.AV.  by  the  Columbia  River,  and 
intersected  by  the  Cowlitz  River.  The  surface  is  partly 
covered  with  forests  of  good  timber;  the  soil  is  fertile. 
Wheat,  oats,  grass,  wool,  and  potatoes  are  the  staples. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  North  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital, 
Kalama.     Pop.  in  1870,  730  ;  in  1880,  2062 ;  in  1890,  5917. 

CoAVlitz,a  station  in  Cowlitz  co.,  AVashington,  on  Cow- 
litz River,  and  on  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  10  miles 
N.  of  Kalama. 

CoAVlitz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  Washington,  near 
the  Cowlitz  River,  5  miles  from  AVinlock  Railroad  Station. 
It  has  a  Catholic  academy,  2  stores,  and  10  houses. 

CoAVlitz  lliver,  AVashington,  rises  in  the  Cascade 
Range,  in  the  E.  part  of  Lewis  co.,  through  which  it  runs 
westward  and  southwestward.  It  next  flows  southward 
through  Cowlitz  co.,  and  enters  the  Columbia  River  at  Mon- 
ticello.  It  is  nearly  150  miles  long,  and  is  a  large  rapid 
stream.     Small  steamboats  can  ascend  it  nearly  40  miles. 

Cow'pasture  River,  Virginia,  rises  in  Highland  co., 
runs  nearly  southward  through  Bath  co.,  and  unites  with 
Jackson's  River  about  15  miles  E.  of  Covington.  The  stream 
formed  by  this  junction  is  the  James  River. 

Cow'pen,  a  town  of  England,  in  Northumberland,  7 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Morpeth.     It  has  coal-mines.     Pop.  6464. 

Cowpens,  kow'penz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tallapoosa  co., 
Ala.,  17  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Dadeville. 

Cowpens,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Spartanburg 
CO.,  S.C,  9  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Spartanburg.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  cotton-mill,  and  a  high 
school.  Pop.  in  1890,  349.  A  part  of  General  Greene's 
army  defeated  the  British  here  in  January,  1781. 

Cow  Run,  a  post-viJlage  of  AVashington  co.,  0.,  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Marietta.     It  has  several  churches. 

Cox,  an  island  of  Bengal,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Hoogly, 
contiguous  to  the  N.  end  of  Sagor  Island.  It  is  3  miles  in 
length  ariS  2  miles  in  breadth. 

Cox,  a  river  of  New  South  AVales,  rising  75  miles  N.W. 
of  Sydney,  falls  into  the  AVoUondilly. 

Cox^burg,  a  post-office  of  Benton  co.,  Tenn. 

Coxe's  Bazar,  a  town  of  India.    See  Cox's  Bazar. 

Coxe's  Mills,  New  York.     See  Hannaway  Falls. 

Coxe's  Station,  ia  Queen  Anne  co.,  Md.,  is  on  the 
Queen  Anno  &  Kent  Railroad,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Centrevillo. 

Coxim,  ko-sheeN»',  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  among  tho 
mountains  in  the  S.  of  tho  province  of  Matto-Qrosso,  and 
joins  the  Taquari  in  lat.  18°  24'  S. 

Cox's,  a  station  inAVayneco.,  111.,  on  the  Southeastern 
division  of  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of 
Fairfield. 

Coxsackie,  oook-sock'e,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Hudson  River,  in  Coxsackio 
township,  and  on  the  AVest  Shore  Railroad,  22  miles  S.  of 
Albany,  and  7  miles  above  Hudson.  It  has  6  churches,  an 
academy,  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manu- 
factures of  brass  valves,  gate-valves,  fire-hydrants,  barrels, 
and  vinegar.  The  Hudson  River  Railroad  is  on  the  op- 
posite bank  of  the  river,  and  Coxsackie  Station,  on  that 
road,  is  20  miles  S.  of  East  Albany,  and  121  miles  N.  of 
New  York.     Pop.  in  1890,  1611 ;  of  the  township,  3773. 

Cox's  (or  Coxe's)  Bazar,  a  thriving  town  of  India, 
in  tho  Chittagong  district,  on  a  small  navigable  river,  near 
the  sea,  70  miles  S,  of  Chittagong.  Pop.  4280.  The  houses 
stand  on  piles  and  are  surrounded  with  verandas. 

Cox's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa.  Pojl. 
of  Cox's  Creek  township,  1022. 

Cox's  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Nelson  co.,  Ky.,  37  miles 
S.  of  Louisville.     It  has  a  church. 

Cox's  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Cabell  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Ohio  River,  5  miles  N.  of  Barboursville. 

Cox's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Barbour  co.,  Ala. 

Cox's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVayne  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Wayne  township,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Richmond.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Cox's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Gilmer  oo.,  W.  Va. 

Cox's  Peak,  a  peak  of  the  Uintah  Mountains,  in  Utah, 
near  the  S.  border  of  Uintah  co.,  AVyoming.  It  rises  like 
an  immense  dome,  13,250  feet  above  tide-water.  Its  top  is 
covered  with  perpetual  snow. 

Cox's  Station,  a  post-village  of  Charles  co.,  Md.,  va 


cox 


970 


CRA 


the  Popa'a  Oraek  Branoh  of  the  B»IUmorfl  h  Potonuo  Rail- 
iwd,  6  milM  from  Pope's  Creek,  and  1  mile  from  the  Po- 
tonae  RiTW.    It  has  a  Inrge  hall,  a  hotel,  a  store,  Ac. 

Cox  Statloa,  in  Staffurd  township,  Ocean  oo.,  N.J.,  is 
on  the  Tuckorlon  Railro:id,  4  miles  N.  of  Tuckerton. 

Cox'ton«  a  station  in  Wyoming  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania A  New  York  Knilruiul,  22  miles  B.£.  of  Tunk- 
hannock,  and  on  the  Susquehanna  Kiver. 

Cox'viliet  a  post-offioe  of  Etowah  oo.,  Ala. 

Coxville,  a  post-offioe  of  Pitt  eo.,  N.C. 

Cox'wold,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  York,  North 
Riding,  on  a  railway,  6  miles  N.  of  Easlngwold.     Pop.  321. 

Coyaraii)  ko-y&-k&n',  a  town  of  Mexico,  on  a  small 
Itreaui  flowing  into  Laguna  do  Oxochomiico,  10  miles  S.  of 
thaeapitaJ. 

Coyle«  or  Kocl«  koil,  a  river  of  India,  rises  in  Chuta- 
Nngpoor,  and  falls  into  tho  Bay  of  Bengal.  Lat.  20°  47' 
N. ;  Ion.  86°  20'  E.  Total  course,  about  800  miles.  It  is 
often  called  the  South  Coyle,  to  distinguish  it  from  a  much 
smaller  river  of  tho  same  name.  It  hivs  various  local 
names,  but  in  tho  Cuttock  district  is  generally  called  Brah- 
many.  Drainago-aroa,  36U0  square  miles.  Its  navigation 
is  important. 

Coylc,  a  small  town  in  British  India,  on  an  island  in 
tho  Jumna,  6  miles  S.  of  Muttra,  and  rendered  conspicuous 
by  its  numerous  mosques,  turrets,  and  pinnacles. 

Coylevilie*  koll'vll,  a  post-village  of  Butlor  co.,  Pa., 
about  32  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Coy'npr's  Springs^  a  watering-place  of  Botetourt  oo., 
Va.,  i  of  a  mile  from  Bonsacks  Railroad  Station. 

Coyote^  k9-yo'td,  a  station  in  Santa  Clara  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Southern  Pacific  llailrood,  13  miles  S.E.  of  San  Jos6. 

Coyote^  a  station  in  Trego  co.,  Kansas,  on  tho  Kansas 
Pftcifio  Railroad,  46  miles  W.N.W,  of  Hays  City. 

Coyote,  a  village  of  Mora  co..  New  Mexico,  on  tho 
Coyote  River,  115  miles  from  El  Moro,  Col.  It  has  a 
church  and  manufactures  of  blankets  and  flour. 

Coy'tcc,  a  post-bamlct  of  Loudon  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Littio  Tennessee  River,  7  miles  6.  of  Lenoir's  Station,  It 
has  a  grist-mill. 

CoytcsTillc,  koits'vll,  or  Coyteville,  a  village  of 
Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  in  Ridgefiold  township,  on  the  Hudson, 
near  the  Palisades,  10  miles  above  New  York,  and  2  miles 
from  Leonia.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  in  1880,  4S4. 

Coy'ville,  a  poet-village  of  Wilson  co.,  Kansas,  in  Ver- 
digris township,  on  the  Verdigris  River,  about  32  miles 
6.W.  of  Neosho  Falls.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Co'zadf  a  post-village  of  Dawson  co.,  Neb.,  is  on  or 
near  the  Platte  River  (here  crossed  by  a  long  bridge),  and 
on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  49  miles  W.  of  Kearney 
Junction.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  sehuol,  3  banks,  2 
newspaper  offices,  &c.     Pop.  in  ItiQU,  542. 

Cozad'dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  0.,  in  Ham- 
ilton township,  on  tne  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  31 
miles  N.E.  of  Cincinnati.     It  has  a  church. 

Cozes,  koz,  a  town  of  France,  in  Charente-Inf^rieure, 
43  miles  S.S.E.  of  La  Rochelle.     Pop.  1828. 

Cozomel  (ko-zoo-mdi')  Island,  off  the  E.  coast  of 
Yucatan.  Lat.  20°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  86°  41'  W.  It  is  24  miles 
in  length  from  N.  to  S.,  and  7  miles  in  width. 

Cozzens,  kuz'zens,  or  Cozzens  Landing,  a  vil- 
lage in  Cornwall  township.  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hud- 
son, 51  miles  above  New  York,  and  1  mile  below  West  Point. 

Crabb's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Brandon  township,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Baldwin  Station.  It 
has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Crab  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Henderson  co.,  N.C, 
40  miles  N.  of  Greenville,  S.C.     Pop.  607. 

Crab  Island,  in  the  West  Indies.     See  Vieque. 

Crab  Island,  of  South  America.     See  Cangrejos. 

Crab  Island  is  situated  10  miles  off  the  W.  coast  of 
Madagascar.     Lat.  21°  4'  S. 

Crab  Island,  of  British  Guiana,  is  situated  in  lat.  6° 
21  N.,  Ion.  57°  33'  W, 

Crab  Or'chard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Williamson  co..  III., 
about  25  miles  £.  of  Carbondale.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a 
saw-mill.     Pop.  about  100. 

Crab  Orcnard,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  eo.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Louisville  A  Nashville  Railroad,  115  miles  S.E.  of  Louis- 
ville, and  about  40  miles  S.  of  Lexington.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  college,  and  mineral  springs.     Pop.  in  1890,  453. 

Crab  Orchard,  a  post-villnge  of  Ray  co..  Mo.,  about 
33  miles  N.E.  of  Kansas  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam 
flour-mill,  and  a  plough-factory. 

Crab  Orchard,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co.,  Neb., 
about  1 5  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Tecumseh.  It  has  3  churches, 
a,  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  229. 


Crab  Orchard,  a  township  in  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  1522. 

Crab  Orchard,  a  post-office  of  Lee  co.,  Va. 

Crab'stcr,  a  station  on  the  Frederick  A,  Pennsylvania 
Lino  Railroad,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Taneytown,  Md. 

Crab  Tree,  a  post-township  of  Haywood  oo.,  N.C.  It 
has  3  churches  and  an  academy.     Pop.  1048. 

Crab  Tree,  a  post-hiiuilet  of  Wccttnorelund  co..  Pa.,  in 
Unity  township,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Latrobo.    It  has  2  churches. 

Cracatoa,  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Kuakatoa. 

Crach,  kr&sh,  a  village  of  France,  in  Morbihan,  19 
miles  S.E.  of  L'Orient.     Pop.  1826. 

Crackle's,  kr&k'l'z,  a  railroad  station  in  Edwards  co. 
111.,  between  Mt.  Carmel  and  Albion,  2  miles  E.  of  Albion. 

Cracow,  or  Krakow,  krd'k6  (Polish,  Krak6io,  kr&'- 
koof;  Ger.  Krakuii,  kri'kCw;  Fr.  Krncovie,  or  Cracovie, 
kri'koVee' ;  L.  Gracchop'olis,  Corrodu'num,  and  Craeo'- 
via),  a  city  and  ancient  capital  of  Poland,  moro  recently 
the  capital  of  the  republic  of  Cracow,  but  now  in  Austrian 
Galicia,  is  situated  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Vistula,  which 
separates  it  from  the  suburb  of  Po<lgorzc,  on  a  railway  con- 
necting it  with  Vienna,  Berlin,  and  Warsaw,  158  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Warsaw.  Lat.  50°  3'  59"  N. ;  Ion.  19°  51'  50" 
E.  Mean  temperature  of  tho  year,  47°,  winter,  27°,  sum 
mer,  66°  Fahr.  It  is  irregularly  built  and  greatly  dilapi- 
dated.  It  has  many  venerable  and  historically  interesting 
edifices, — viz.,  the  castle,  founded  a.d.  700,  a  magnificent 
cathedral,  containing  20  chapels  and  tho  tombs  of  the  most 
celebrated  Polish  kings,  the  bishop's  palace,  and  counciU 
house ;  a  university,  founded  in  1364,  nas  attached  to  it  a 
botanio  garden,  an  observatory,  and  a  library  with  140,000 
printed  volumes  and  many  MSS.  Cracow  has  also  a  normal 
school,  a  gymnasium,  school  of  arts,  and  academy  of  paint- 
ing. It  has  some  fine  works  of  art,  considerable  manufac. 
turos  of  cloth,  leather,  Ac,  a  large  trade  by  rail  and  river, 
and  an  active  mining  industry, — zinc,  coal,  and  iron  being 
obtained  near  it.  Pop.  in  1890,  76,025.  Near  it  are  the 
mounds  said  to  mark  the  tomb  of  the  founder  of  the  city  in 
the  eighth  century,  and  about  3  miles  W.  is  a  vast  tumulus  to 

the  memory  of  Kosciusko,  120  feet  in  elevation. Adj. 

and  inhab.  Ckacovian,  krJl-ko've-an. 

Crad'dockville,  a  village  of  Accomack  co.,  Va.,  near 
Chesa])cake  Bay.  It  has  a  carriage-shop,  plough-factory,  Ac, 

Cradock  Hill,  in  England.     See  Caeu-Caradoc. 

Cradoo,  kriMoo',  a  town  of  Africa,  on  the  coast  of 
Guinea,  in  the  kingdom  of  Jaboo,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Palmar  River  with  the  lake  or  lagoon  of  Criidoo.  Lat.  6° 
38'  N. ;  Ion.  3°  56'  E.  The  Lake  of  Cradoo,  on  tho  N.  bank 
of  which  the  town  is  situated,  is  about  50  miles  in  length, 
and  communicates  with  the  sea  by  a  narrow  channel,  at  its 
W.  end,  called  Lagos  River. 

Craf'ton,  a  post-borough  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  6  miles 
by  rail  S.W,  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  4  churches  and  a  public 
school.     Pop.  about  700. 

Crafton,  a  post-village  of  Wise  co.,  Tex.,  60  miles  from 
Fort  Worth,  It  has  an  academy  and  4  church  organiza- 
tions.    Pop.  150. 

Crafts'bury,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Craftsbury  township,  28  miles  N.N.E.  of  Montpelier.  It 
has  an  academy,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  Ac.  Pop.  of  the 
township  in  1890,  1271. 

Craftsville,  a  post-office  of  Letcher  co.,  Ky. 

Crag'gie  Hope,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cheatham  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Nashville,  Chattiinooga  A  St.  Louis  Riiilroacl,  26 
miles  \V.  of  Nashville.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  100. 

Craig,  krig,  a  county  of  Virginia,  bordering  on  West 
Virginia,  has  an  area  of  about  250  square  miles.  It  ia 
drained  by  Craig's  Creek.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  and 
a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  of  tho 
valleys  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  grass  are 
the  staple  products.  Capital,  New  Castle,  Pop,  in  1870, 
2942;  in  1880,  3794;  in  1890,  3835. 

Craig,  a  post-village  of  Routt  co..  Col.,  40  miles  S.W. 
of  llahn's  Peak.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  400, 

Craig,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co..  III.,  on  the  St.  Louis, 
Alton  A  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  53  miles  S.E.  of  East  St. 
Louis, 

Craig,  a  post-hamlet  of  Switzerland  co.,  Ind.,  13  miles 
E.  of  Madison.     It  has  a  church. 

Craig,  a  post-village  of  Holt  eo..  Mo.,  45  miles  by  rail 
N.W.  of  St.  Joseph.  It  has  3  churche:!,  a  bank,  and  2 
newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  603. 

Craig,  a  post-village  of  Burt  co..  Neb.,  9  miles  by  rail 
W.  by  N.  of  Texamah.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  290, 

Craighead,  krig'hed,  a  county  in   tho  N.E.  part  of 


CRA 


971 


CRA 


Arkansas,  has  an  area  of  about  900  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  St.  Francis  and  Cache  Rivers,  and  contains 
a  large  lake,  which  is  an  expansion  of  the  former  river. 
The  surface  is  level  and  covered  with  forests.  Cotton,  In- 
dian corn,  and  pork  are  staples.  The  Kansas  City,  Fort 
Scott. <fc  Memphis  and  St.  Louis,  Arkansas  A  Texas  Rail- 
roads traverse  this  county.  Capital,  Jonesborough.  Pop. 
in  1870,  4577;  in  1880,  7037;  in  1890,  12,025. 

Craighead's,  a  station  in  Cumberland  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
South  Mountain  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Carlisle. 

Craighurst,  krig'hurst,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  CO., 
Ontario,  13  miles  N.  of  Barrie.     Pop.  150. 

Craigie,  kra'ghee,  a  mining  borough  of  Talbot  co.,  Vic- 
toria, Australia,  40  miles  N.  of  Ballarat.     Pop.  1734. 

Craigmillar  (krdg-mil'ler)  Castle,  a  picturesque 
ruin,  CO.  and  3  miles  S.  of  Edinburgh,  Scotland.  It  was 
formerly  a  royal  residence. 

Craigneish,  krig'nish,  a  maritime  village  of  Scotland, 
CO.  of  Argyle,  on  a  peninsula  N.  of  Jura  Sound,  19  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Inverary.     Pop.  of  parish,  481. 

Craignethan  (krig-nfith'an)  Castle  is  a  fine  ruin 
of  Scotland,  co.  and  S.W.  of  Lanark,  on  the  river  Nethan. 

Craig-Phadric,  krig-fM'rik,  a  lofty  hill  of  Scotland, 
CO.  of  and  near  Inverness,  having  extensive  remains  of  an 
ancient  fortress  of  vitrified  stones. 

Craig's  Creek,  Virginia,  rises  in  Montgomery  co., 
runs  northeastward,  drains  part  of  Craig  co.,  and  enters 
the  James  River  in  IJotetourt  co.    It  is  about  75  miles  long. 

Craig's  Creek,  a  post-oflBce  of  Craig  co.,  Va. 

Craig's  Ford,  a  post-office  of  Campbell  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
Powell's  River. 

Craigs'holm,  a  post-village  in  Wellington  co.,  Ontario, 
8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Fergus.     Pop.  300. 

Craig's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Va. 

Craigs'ville,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Blooming  Grove  township,  on  the  Erie  Railroad  (Newburg 
Branch),  55  miles  N.N.W.  of  New  York.     It  has  a  church. 

Craigsville,  a  post-village  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa.,  8 
miles  N.W.  of  Kittanning.     It  has  a  woollen-factory. 

Craigsville,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co.,  S.C. 

Craigsville,  a  post- village  of  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  23  miles  W.S.W.  of  Staunton. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  quarry  of  marble. 

Craig'vale,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  6 
miles  S.B.  of  Barrie.     Pop.  100. 

Crail,  kfile,  a  decayed  seaport  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Fife,  on  the  North  Sea,  9  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Andrew's.  It 
has  many  massive  and  antique  houses,  an  ancient  church, 
and  some  remains  of  a  royal  palace.  Pop.  1120.  It  existed 
as  a  town  in  the  ninth  century,  and  was  called  Caryll. 

Crainesville,  kranz'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hardeman 
CO.,  Tenn.,  1  mile  from  Big  llatchie  River,  and  11  miles 
E.  of  Bolivar.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Crain's  (kran?,)  Cor'ners,  a  hamlet  of  Herkimer  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Warren  township,  4  miles  from  South  Columbia. 

Crainvilie,  kran'vll,  a  village  in  Williamson  co..  111., 
on  the  Carbondale  <fc  Shawneetown  Railroad,  11  miles  E.  of 
Carbondale.     Here  are  beds  of  coal. 

Craiova,  a  town  of  Ruumania.     See  Krajova. 

Cra'ley,  a  post-village  of  York  co..  Pa.,  11  miles  E.  by 
S.  of  York.     It  has  a  church  and  a  cigar- factory. 

Cramahe,  Ontario.     See  Colborne. 

Cramanx,  a  town  of  France.    See  Carmaux. 

Cramer's  (kra'm^rz)  Hill,  a  post-vilLi.ge  of  Camden 
CO.,  N.J.,  in  Stockton  township,  on  the  Camden  <fc  Amboy 
Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Camden  &  Burlington 
County  Railroad,  2  miles  E.N.E.  of  Camden.  It  is  gen- 
erally called  East  Camden.     It  has  3  churches. 

Cram'lington,atownof  England,  in  Northumberland, 
8  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Newcastle.     Pop.  of  parish,  4167. 

Cramp'ton's  Gap,  a  pass  in  the  South  Mountain 
Range,  near  Burkittsville,  Md.,  in  Frederick  co.  It  was 
the  scene  of  the  battle  of  South  Mountain,  Sept.  14,  1862. 

Craii'berry,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Western  Maryland  Railroad,  1  mile  E.  of  Westminster. 

Cranberry,  New  Jersey.     See  Cbanburv. 

Cranberry,  a  post-village  of  Mitchell  co.,  N.C.,  24 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Elizabethtown,  Tenn.  It  has  an  iron- 
furnace.     Pop,  about  300. 

Cranberry,  a  post-office  of  Allen  co.,  0. 

Cranberry,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  0.  Pop.  1281. 
It  contains  New  Washington. 

Cranberry,  a  station  in  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh 
Valley  Railroad,  i  mile  W.  of  Hazleton.  Here  are  mines 
of  anthracite  coal. 

Cranberry,  a  post-township  of  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  and  W.  by  the  Alleghany  River,  which 


separates  it  from  Oil  City  and  also  from  Franklin.    Cran- 
berry  Post-Office  is  at  Salina.     Pop.  2337. 

Cranberry,  or  Cranberry  Summit,  a  village  of 
Preston  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  33 
miles  E.  of  Grafton.  In  the  vicinity  are  4  churches. 
Shooks,  spars,  staves,  and  lumber  are  manufactured  hero. 

Cranberry  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Fonda,  Johnstown  &  Gloversville  Railroad,  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Gloversville.  It  has  a  church,  a  lime-kiln,  and  a 
saw-mill. 

Cranberry  Forge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mitchell  co.,  N.C., 
30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Johnson  City,  Tenn.  Here  is  a  mine  of 
superior  iron  ore,  also  an  iron-forge. 

Cranberry  Isles,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co.,  Mo. 
The  Cranberry  Isles  are  a  group  of  five  small  isLands  S.  o' 
Mount  Desert  Island.     Here  is  a  church.     Pop.  350. 

Cranberry  Lake,  New  York,  is  in  the  S.  part  of  St. 
Lawrence  co.  The  Oswegatchie  River  issues  from  this  lake, 
which  is  about  6  miles  long  and  1570  feet  above  sea-level. 

Cranberry  Mines,  a  station  in  Venango  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Oil  City  &  Ridgway  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Oil  City. 

Cranberry  Plains,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Va. 

Cranberry  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer 
CO.,  0.,  in  Granville  township.     It  has  a  church. 

Cranborne,  kran'bpm,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Dor 
set,  9  miles   N.N.E.  of  Wimborne-Minster,  and   13  miles 
S.W.  of  Salisbury.     The  town  is  pleasantly  situated,  and 
has  some  remains  of  a  castle,  and  an  ancient  church,  origi-. 
nally  part  of  a  priory.     Pop.  of  parish,  2562. 

Cran'bourne,  a  post-village  in  Dorchester  co.,  Quebec, 
45  miles  S.E.  of  Quebec.  It  contains  grist-  and  saw-mills, 
and  has  a  good  trade.     Pop.  300. 

Cran'brook,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  40  miles 
S.E.  of  London,  on  a  brook  called  the  Crane.  Pop.  of 
parish,  4331. 

Cranbrook,  or  Grey,  a  village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario, 
27  miles  E.  of  Goderich.  It  has  several  limestone-quarries, 
4  churches,  and  good  water-power.     Pop.  250.  > 

Cran'bury,  or  Cranberry,  a  post-village  of  Middle- 
sex CO.,  N.J.,  about  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Trenton,  and  IJ 
miles  from  Cranbury  Station.  It  has  3  churches,  a  school 
called  the  Brainerd  Institute,  a  money-order  post-office,  a 
bank,  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  in  1890,  1422. 

Cranbury  Brook,  New  Jersey,  runs  westward  in 
Middlesex  co.,  and  enters  the  Millstone  River  3  miles  S.E. 
of  Princeton. 

Cran'dall,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind. 

Crandall,  a  post-office  of  Lorain  co.,  0. 

Crandall,  a  post-village  of  Kaufman  co.,  Tex.,  11  miles 
by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Kaufman.  It  has  several  church  or- 
ganizations and  a  cotton-gin.     Pop.  in  1890,  251. 

Cran'd ell's  Cor'ners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington 
CO.,  N.Y.,  4  miles  N.  of  Schaghticoke  Railroad  Station.  It 
has  a  church  and  about  10  houses. 

Cran'don,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Forest  co.,  Wis., 
13  miles  E.  of  Monico.  It  has  2  churches,  2  newspaper 
offices,  saw-mills,  <tc.     Pop.  150. 

Crane,  kran,  a  township  of  Paulding  co.,  0.,  traversed 
by  the  Maumee  River.     Pop.  1417.     It  contains  Antwerp.^ 

Crane,  a  township  of  Wyandot  eo.,  0.     Pop.  4903. 

Crane  Creek,  Iowa,  rises  in  Howard  co.,  runs  south- 
eastward through  Chickasaw  co.,  and  enters  the  Turkey 
River  in  Fayette  co.,  about  6  miles  N.  of  West  Union. 

Crane  Creek,  a  township  of  Mason  co..  111.,  bounded 
S.  by  the  Sangamon  River.     Pop.  706. 

Crane  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cullman  co.,  Ala.,  13' 
miles  S.W.  of  Cullman. 

Crane  Island,  or  Isle  anx  Grues,  eel  0  gril,  an 
island  in  the  St.  Lawrence,  opposite  Cap  St.  Ignace,  Quebec. 
Lat.  47°  3'  N. ;  Ion.  70°  33'  W.     Pop.  639. 

Crane  (or  Crain's)  Mountain,  New  York,  is  in  War-, 
ren  co.,  about  5  miles  W.  of  the  Hudson  River.  It  is  3289 
feet  higher  than  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Crane  Neck,  a  locality  in  Brookhaven  township,  Suf 
folk  CO.,  N.Y.,  is  on  the  E.  side  of  Smithtown  Bay,  Long 
Island.     Much  gravel  is  shipped  hence  by  water. 

Crane  Nest,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co  ,  Ky. 

Crane  River,  Arkansas,  intersects  Arkansas  co.,  runs 
in  a  S.S.E.  direction,  and  enters  the  White  River  about  12 
miles  from  its  mouth.     It  is  nearly  70  miles  long. 

Crane's,  a  station  in  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  railroad 
from  Mansfield  to  Taunton,  5  miles  N.N.W.  of  Taunton. 

Crane's  Forge,  a  post-village  of  Assumption  parish. 
La.,  on  Bayou  La  Fourche,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Donaldsonvillo 
It  has  6  stores,  and  manufactures  of  sugar. 

Crane's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Comal  co.,  Tex.,  on  Gua- 
dalupe River. 


CBA 


972 


CKA 


Crane**  Nest*  a  port-bamlet  of  Diokeuon  oo.,  Va.,  6 
Bilw  S.  bjr  W.  of  Clintwood. 

Craaesville*  krftni'vli,  »  port-village  of  Montgomery 
00^  N.Y.,  on  the  Mohawk  Kiver,  and  on  the  New  York  Ccn- 
Uml  Kailroad,  SO  milei  N.W.  of  Albany.  It  bos  a  ohurch, 
» tannery,  and  a  saw-mill.  .     ^,  „     , 

Crauesville^  a  hamlot  of  Erie  co.,  Pa.,  in  Elk  Creek 
townabip,  3  miles  from  Albion.  It  has  a  church  and  n 
planing-mill. 

Cranesvillet  a  post  hnmlet  of  Marlon  co.,  F.C.,  12  miles 
K.  of  Pee  Dee  Bridge.     It  has  a  oharch  and  2  stores. 

Cranesvillef  a  post-hamlet  of  Preston  co.,  W.  Va.,  0 
miles  N.  of  Portland.     It  has  2  ohurohcs. 

Cranetown,  a  village  of  New  Jersey.    Bee  loxA. 

Crn'ney  Island,  in  Norfolk  co.,  Va.,  lies  W.  of  the 
entrance  to  Eliiubeth  River.  Crancy  Island  Light  stands 
in  the  water  on  iron  piles,  and  is  50  foet  high.  Lat.  36°  53' 
28"  N.;  Ion.  76°  21'  W.  The  island  has  government  pow- 
dor-magatines. 

Cran'ford)  a  post-Tillage  of  Union  co.,  N.J.,  in  Gran- 
ford  township,  on  the  Rahway  River,  and  on  the  Central 
Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  5  miles  W.  of  Elizabeth,  and  17 
miles  from  New  York.  It  has  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  the  Cranford  Institute. 

Cran^ganore',  a  maritime  town  of  Southern  India, 
rnjahship  and  16  miles  N.  of  Cochin,  on  the  backwater  of 
the  Malabar  coast,  formerly  possessed  by  the  Portuguese 
and  later  by  the  Dutch. 

Cran'Iey,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  8  miles 
by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Guildford.     Pop.  of  parish,  1830. 

Crans'ton,  a  township  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  on  the 
W.  of  Narrogansett  Bay,  contains  various  manufacturing 
villages,  and  is  traversed  by  the  Hartford,  Providence  A 
Fishkill  and  Providence  &  Stonington  Railroads.     P.  5088. 

Cranston  Print-Works,  a  post-village  of  Providence 
00.,  R.I.,  in  Cranston  township,  on  the  Hartford,  Providence 
&  Fishkill  Railroad,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Providence.  It  has  3 
ehurcbes,  and  manufactures  of  calico  and  woollens.   P.  1663. 

Cra'ny,  a  post-office  of  Wyoming  co.  W.  Va. 

Craon,  kri'tN"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Maycnne,  on  the 
Oudon,  18  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Laval.     Pop.  3874. 

Craonne,  kri^onn',  a  town  of  1  ranee,  in  Aisne,  12 
miles  S.E.  of  Laon.  Pop.  755.  Here,  March  7,  18U,  the 
army  under  BlUcher  was  routed  by  Napoleon. 

Crapaud,  krfi,'p5',  a  post-village  in  Queens  co..  Prince 
Edward  Island,  24  miles  from  Charlottetown.  It  has  card- 
ing- and  grist-mills,  carriage-factories,  stores,  <tc.  Pop.  300. 

Cra'po,  a  post-office  of  Osceola  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Grand 
Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Big  Rapids. 

Craponne,  kri'pfinn',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ilaute- 
Loire,  19  miles  N.  of  Le  Puy.  Pop.  3847.  It  has  manu- 
factories of  lace  and  woollen  fabrics. 

Cra'ry's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co., 
N.Y.,  5  miles  E.S.E.  of  Canton.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist- 
mill, a  saw-mill,  a  tannery,  and  manufactures  of  lime. 

Cra'ryrille,  or  North  Copake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Co- 
lumbia CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Copako  township,  on  the  New  York  & 
Harlem  Railroad,  112  miles  N.  of  New  York.  It  has  2 
churches.     Here  is  Craryville  Post-Office. 

Cra'ter,  a  township  of  Calhoun  co.,  111.,  bounded  E.  by 
the  Illinois  River.     Pop.  564. 

Crati,  kr&'tee  (anc.  Cra'thit),  a  river  of  Italy,  in  the 
province  of  Calabria  Citra,  rises  in  the  forest  of  Sila,  flows 
N.  and  E.,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of  Taranto  13  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Cassano.  Total  course,  about  50  miles.  Its  chief  afflu- 
ents are  the  Coscile  and  Busento. 

Crato,  kri'to  (anc.  hentot),  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
Alemtejo,  near  the  Ervedal,  11  miles  AV.  of  Portalegre. 
Pop.  3000.     It  was  formerly  an  important  fortress. 

Crato,  kri'to,  a  city  of  Brazil,  province  of  Cear£,  180 
miles  S.  of  Fortaleza. 

Craughwell,  kraw'well,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  14 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Galway. 

C'ra'ven,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  North  Carolina,  has 
an  area  of  about  900  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Neuse  River,  and  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Pamlico  Sound. 
The  surface  is  level,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests 
of  pitch-pine,  from  which  tar  and  turpentine  are  procured. 
Cotton,  Indian  corn,  pork,  and  lumber  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Atlantic  &  North 
Carolina  Railroad,  which  connects  it  with  the  seashore  and 
the  interior.  Capital,  Newbern.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,616; 
in  1880,  19,729;  in  1890,  20,533. 

Craw'fish  River,  SVisconsin,  rises  in  Columbia  co., 
runs  southeastward  through  Dodge  oo.,  and  passes  into  Jef- 
ferson CO.,  in  which  it  flows  nearly  southward.  It  enters 
Rock  River  at  the  village  of  Jefferson. 


Crawtish  Spring,  a  puot-hamlet  of  Walker  oo.,  Qa., 
13  milee  S.  of  Cbattunoogu,  Tenn.     It  has  2  ohurohes. 

Craw'ford,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Arkansas,  has 
an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S. 
by  the  Arkansas  River.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  high 
hills  or  mountains,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forest:-; 
the  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  Coal  is  found  here.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Little  Rock  &.  Fort  Smith,  St.  Louis,  Iron  Moun- 
tain k  Southern,  and  St.  Louis  <t  San  Francisco  Railroads, 
which  communicate  with  Van  Buren,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  8957;  in  1880,  14,740;  in  1890,  21,714. 

Crawford,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  300  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  by  Echaoonneo  Creek,  and  also  drained  by  Flint 
River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  uneven,  and  partly  covered 
with  pine  forests  ;  the  soil  produces  cotton  and  Indian  corn. 
This  county  is  traveri^ed  by  the  Atlanta  &,  Florida  Railroad, 
which  passes  through  Knoxville,  the  capital.  The  Central 
Railroad  of  Georgia  crosses  the  extreme  S.  portion  of  the 
county.    Pop.  in  1870,7557;  in  1880,8656;  in  1890,9315. 

Crawford,  a  county  in  the  E.S.E.  part  of  Illinois,  has 
an  area  of  about  420  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  the  Wabash  River,  and  intersected  in  the  S.W.  part 
by  the  Embarras  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  forests. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  pork,  and 
wool  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &,  St.  Louis  and  Indiana  & 
Illinois  Southern  Railroads,  which  pass  through  Robinson, 
the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,889;  in  1880, 
16,197;  in  1890,  17,283. 

Crawford,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Indiana,  has  an 
area  of  about  300  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by 
the  Ohio  River,  and  also  drained  by  Blue  River.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly  or  uneven,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests.  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  sta]>le  prod- 
ucts. The  rock  next  to  the  surface  is  limestone.  It  is  in- 
tersected from  E.  to  W.  by  the  Louisville,  Evansville  &  St. 
Louis  Railroad.  Capital,  Leavenworth.  Pop.  in  1870,  9851 ; 
in  1880,  12,366;  in  1890,  13,941. 

Crawford,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an 
area  of  720  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Boyer  River, 
and  also  drained  by  the  Soldier  River.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating or  nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian 
corn,  oats,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
contains  extensive  prairies.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago 
i  Northwestern  Railroad.  Capital,  Denison.  Pop.  in  1870, 
2530;  in  1875,  6039;  in  1880,  12,413;  in  1890,  18,894. 

Crawford,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an 
area  of  about  580  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  several 
small  affluents  of  the  Neosho  River,  and  by  Willow  Creek. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies 
and  groves  of  elm,  hickory,  hackberry,  oak,  walnut,  Ao. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  live-stock 
are  the  staples.  This  county  has  beds  of  coal  and  limestone. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Atchison,  Topeka  k  Santa  F6, 
Kansas  City,  Fort  Scott  A  Memphis,  and  St.  Louis  A  San 
Francisco  Railroads,  all  of  which  communicate  with  Girard, 
the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,8160;  in  1875, 
9386;  in  1880,  16,851;  in  1890,  30,286. 

Crawford,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Michigan,  has 
an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Au  Sable 
and  Manistee  Rivers.  The  surface  is  nearly  level ;  the  soil 
is  fertile.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Mackinaw  division  of  the 
Michigan  Central  Railroad,  which  passes  through  Grayling, 
the  capital  of  the  county.    Pop.  in  1880,  1159;  in  1890,  2962. 

Crawford,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  Mis- 
souri. Area,  710  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Merameo  River,  and  partly  drained  by  several  creeks.  The 
surface  is  diversified  by  fertile  valleys  and  hills,  and  forests 
of  the  ash,  elm,  hickory,  oak,  sugar-roaple,  Ac.  Indian 
com,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Iron, 
copper,  and  lead  are  found  in  this  county.  It  is  traversed 
by  the  Atlantic  A  Pacific  Railroad.  Ciipital,  Steelville. 
Pop.  in  1870,  7982;  in  1880,  10,756;  in  1890,  11,961. 

Crawford,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Ohio. 
Area,  393  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Sandusky, 
Huron,  and  Whetstone  Rivers,  which  rise  within  its  limitst 
The  surface  is  elevated  and  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  beech,  elm,  hickory,  oak, 
sugar-maple,  Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
oats,  hay,  wool,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Devonian 
corniferous  limestone  crops  out  here.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago  Railroad  and 
the  Atlantic  A  Great  Western  Railroad.  Capital,  Bucyrus. 
Pop.  in  1870,  25,556;  in  1880,  30,583;  in  1890,  31,927. 


CRA 


973 


CRE 


Crawford,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Pennsylvania, 
bordering  on  Ohio,  has  an  area  of  about  1000  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  French  Creek,  and  is  also  drained  by  Con- 
neaut,  Shenango,  and  Oil  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating, 
and  extensively  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  sugar- 
maple  abounds.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile,  and  adapted  to 
pasturage  and  dairies.  Butter,  hay,  oats,  lumber,  Indian 
corn,  and  wheat  are  its  staple  products.  It  is  intersected 
by  3  railroads, — the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western,  the  Erie 
&  Pittsburg,  and  the  Buffalo,  Corry  &  Pittsburg.  Devonian 
sandstone  underlies  part  of  this  county.  Capital,  Meadville, 
Pop.  in  1870,  63,832;  in  1880,  68,607;  in  1890,  65,324. 

Crawford,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Wisconsin,  has 
an  area  of  about  520  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
8.E.  by  the  Wisconsin  Kiver,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Missis- 
Kippi  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Kickapoo.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly  or  undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  com,  hay, 
and  oats  are  the  staple  products.  The  Milwaukee  and  St. 
Paul  Railroad  passes  along  the  S.  border  of  this  county. 
Good  magnesian  limestone  (Lower  Silurian)  is  abundant 
here.  Capital,  Prairie  du  Chien.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,075; 
in  1880,  15,644;  in  1890,  15,987. 

Crawford,  a  station  in  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  New 
Orleans  &  Selma  Railroad,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Selma. 

Crawford,  a  post-village  of  Russell  co.,  Ala.,  about  80 
miles  E.  of  Montgomery.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  100. 

Crawford,  a  post-village  of  Oglethorpe  co.,  Ga.,  3  miles 
W.  from  Lexington,  and  18  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Athens. 
It  has  a  church,  a  high  school,  a  cigar- factory,  and  a  news- 
paper oflSce.     Pop.  about  600. 

Crawford,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  830. 

Crawford,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
1088.     It  includes  Crawfordsville. 

Crawford,  a  township  of  Cherokee  co.,  Kan.    Pop.  885. 

Crawford,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
1560,  exclusive  of  Girard,  the  county  seat. 

Crawford,  a  post-office  of  Cook  co.,  III. 

Crawford,  a  post-township  of  Washington  co.,  Me., 
about  24  miles  N.  of  Machias.     Pop.  140. 

Crawford,  a  post-office  of  Isabella  co.,  Mich. 

Crawford,  a  post-village  of  Lowndes  co..  Miss.,  8  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Artesia.  It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy. 
Pop.  in  1890,  225. 

Crawford,  a  township  of  Buchanan  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  1359. 

Crawford,  a  township  of  Osage  co..  Mo.     Pop.  3337. 

Crawford,  a  post-village  of  Dawes  co..  Neb.,  26  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Chadron.  It  has  2  churches,  3  banks,  2 
newspaper  offices,  manufacturoe  of  brick,  cigars,  Ac.  P.  671. 

Crawford,  a  township  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y. 

Crawford,  a  township  of  Currituck  co.,  N.C.  Pop.  2135. 

CraAvford,  a  township  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.    Pop.  1150. 

Crawford,  a  post-township  of  Wyandot  co.,  0.  Pop. 
2622.     It  contains  the  village  of  Carey. 

Crawford,  a  township  of  Clinton  co..  Pa.     Pop.  440. 

Crawford,  a  station  in  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.,  on  Shoup's 
Branch  of  the  Huntingdon  &  Broad  Top  Railroad,  29  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Huntingdon. 

Crawford,  a  post-village  of  McLennan  co.,  Tex.,  95 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Fort  Worth,  and  19  miles  AV.  of  Waco, 
It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  cotton-gin,  and  a 
mill.     Pop.  about  400. 

Crawford,  a  village  of  Ontario.    See  Opfa. 

Crawford  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Venango  co..  Pa. 

Crawford  House,  a  post-office  of  Coos  co.,  N.H.,  on 
the  Portland  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  27  miles  N.W.  of 
North  Conway.  It  is  at  the  Notch  among  the  AVhite  Moun- 
tains, li  miles  from  the  summit  of  Mount  Willard,  and  10 
miles  from  the  base  of  Mount  Washington.  Here  is  a  large 
and  elegant  hotel  with  rooms  for  250  guests. 

Crawford  Junction,  in  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  is  a  station 
on  the  Middletown  &  Crawford  Railroad  at  its  junction  with 
the  Midland  Railroad,  3  miles  from  Middletown,  and  1 
mile  E.  of  Fair  Oaks.     It  has  a  creamery. 

Crawford's,  a  station  in  McKean  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Buf- 
falo, Bradford  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  22  miles  S.  of  Carroll- 
ton,  N.Y. 

Crawford's,  a  station  in  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  on  the  At- 
lantic &  Great  Western  Railroad,  3  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Sharon 
Junction. 

CraAvford's  Quarry,  a  post-village  in  Rogers  town- 
ship, Presque  Isle  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Huron,  80  miles  E. 
of  Petoskey.     It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  lime-kiln. 

Crawford's  Station,  N.H.    See  Crawfoud  House. 

Crawford  Station,  Scotland  co..  Mo.     See  Fabius. 

Craw'fordsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crittenden  co., 
Ark.,  a  few  miles  from  Memphis,  Tenn. 


Crawfordsville,  a  city  of  Indiana,  the  capital  of 
Montgomery  co.,  is  on  Sugar  Creek,  on  the  Louisville,  New 
Albany  &  Chicago  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Indianap- 
olis, Bloomington  <fe  Western  Railroad,  and  on  the  Logans- 
port,  Crawfordsville  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  44  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Indianapolis,  and  28  miles  S.  of  Lafayette.  It 
has  9  churches,  2  national  banks,  1  state  bank,  manufac- 
tures of  carriages,  coffins,  wire  fences,  hubs  and  spokes, 
barrels,  4  foundries,  and  4  newspaper  offices.  It  is  the  seat 
of  Wabash  College  (Presbyterian),  which  was  founded  in 
1834,  and  has  13  professors  and  a  library  of  25,000  vol- 
umes.    Pop.  in  1880,  5251 ;  in  1890,  6089. 

Crawfordsville,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co., 
Iowa,  10  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Washington.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  high  school,  a  grist-mill,  &a.     Pop.  about  300. 

CraAvfordsville,  Lowndes  co..  Miss.     See  Crawford. 

Crawfordsville,  a  post-village  of  Linn  co.,  Oregon, 
about  22  miles  S.S.E.  of  Albany.  It  has  3  church  organi- 
zations and  a  sash-  and  door-factory. 

Crawfordville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wakulla  co., 
Fla.,  on  or  near  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  12  miles  W.S.W.  of 
St.  Mark's.  It  has  2  churches,  2  saw-mills,  2  cotton-gins, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  327. 

CraAvfordville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Taliaferro 
CO.,  Ga.,  64  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Augusta.  It  has  2  churches, 
an  academy,  2  carriage-shops,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop. 
in  1890,  584. 

Crawfordville,  a  post-village  of  Spartanburg  co., 
S.C,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Spartanburg.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  cotton-factory. 

Cray'ford,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  8  miles  by 
rail  E.S.E.  of  Greenwich.  Here  are  works  for  printing 
shawls,  cravats,  handkerchiefs,  &c. 

CreagerstOAvn,  kree'gh^rz-tSwn,  a  post-yillage  of 
Frederick  co.,  Md.,  11  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Frederick.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Creal  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co..  III., 
10  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Marion.  It  has  4  churches,  2 
banks,  a  newspaper  office,  and  an  academy.     Pop.  100. 

Cream  Ridge,  a  post-township  of  Livingston  co..  Mo., 
10  miles  N.E.  of  Chillicothe.    It  has  3  churches.    Pop.  956. 

Cream  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J., 
10  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Hightstown.     It  has  a  church. 

Cr^ances,  krd'ftNss',  a  town  of  France,  in  Manohe,  12 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Coutances.     Pop.  2034. 

Crecy,  or  Cressy,  kres'see  (Fr.  pron.  kri^see'),  a  town 
of  France,  in  Somme,  10  miles  N.  of  Abbeville,  on  the  Maye, 
famous  for  the  victory  gained  here,  August  26, 1346,  by  the 
troops  of  England  over  a  large  French  army.     Pop.  1614. 

Cr6cy"Sur-Serre,  kri'see'-silR-sain,  a  town  of  France, 
in  Aisne,  10  miles  N.  of  Laon.     Pop.  1958. 

Cr^din,  krA'd&n"',  a  village  of  France,  in  Morbihan, 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Ploermel.     Pop.  1728. 

Cre'diton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Devon,  on  the 
Crede,  near  its  confluence  with  the  Exe,  8  miles  by  rail 
N.W.  of  Exeter.  It  has  a  noble  church,  a  flourishing  gram- 
mar-school founded  by  Edward  VI.,  a  blue-coat  school,  and 
other  well-endowed  charities.  It  has  large  manufactures 
of  shoes.     Pop.  4222. 

Cre'diton,  a  post-village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  14 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Lucan.  It  contains  several  stores  and 
hotels,  a  flax-mill,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  100. 

Cree,  a  river  in  the  W.  of  Scotland,  joins  Wigtown  Bay 
by  the  estuary  Loch  Cree.     Length,  20  miles. 

Creede,  a  mining  post-town,  said  to  be  in  a  triangular 
tract  between  the  counties  of  Hinsdale,  Rio  Grande,  and 
Saguache,  Col.  It  is  about  40  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Del 
Norte,  and  10  miles  N.  of  Wagon  AVheel  Gap,  and  has 
mines  of  silver  and  copper,  a  church  organization,  3  banks, 
and  6  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  about  8000. 

Creed'moor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  with 
a  station  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  Long  Island,  12  miles 
E.  of  New  York  City.     Here  is  an  extensive  rifle-range. 

Creek  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.Y., 
about  30  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Saratoga  Springs.  It  has  2 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  leather  and  lumber. 

Creek  Indians,  or  Muscogees,  mus-ko'gheez,  for- 
merly a  powerful  tribe,  in  Georgia  and  Alabama.  Their 
number  was  much  reduced  by  the  war  of  1814,  and  most 
of  the  survivors  removed  beyond  the  Mississippi.  They 
have  made  considerable  progress  in  civilization. 

Creek  Locks,  a  post-village  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Rosendale  township,  3  miles  from  Rosendale  village.  It 
has  a  church,  and  a  large  manufactory  of  cement,  the  ma- 
terial for  which  is  quarried  here. 

Creek'side,  a  post-hamlet  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa.,  on 
Crooked  Creek,  6  miles  N.  of  Indiana.    It  has  a  church. 


CRE 


074 


CRE 


Creek  Town*  a  Tillage  of  Ouiuon,  on  an  affluent  of 
the  Old  Calabar  River,  70  niilM  above  it«  mouth. 

Creela'borought  a  poat-humlut  of  Uussoll  co,,  Kj.,  on 
the  Cumberland  Hivar,  12  inilet  S.W.  of  Janieatown. 

Cree'nore*  a  poit-Tillag*  in  Simooe  oo.,  Ontario,  on 
Ifad  Rirer,  6  milea  S.W.  of  New  Lowell.     Pop.  3U0. 

Cree'toWD,  or  Ferrytown  of  Cree»  a  burgh  of 
8ootland,co.  of  Kirkouilbright,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Creo  in 
Wigtown  Bay,  4  mile»  N.E.  of  Wigtown.     Pop.  805. 

Crefeld*  or  Krefeld*  krA't'Alt,  a  town  of  Kbenish 
Prustia,  12  miles  N.W.  of  I)u»8oldorf.  It  is  tho  principal 
town  for  the  manufacture  of  silk  goods,  velvets,  ribbons, 
and  taflfetns.  Here  are  also  manufactures  of  woollen,  cut- 
tun,  and  linen  fabrics,  laoe,  oil-cIoths,  &c.,  with  potteries, 
tanneries,  and  distilleries.     Pop.  62,905. 

CreightoUf  kr^'t^n,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co  ,  Mo.,  20 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Ilarrisonville.  It  has  a  church,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  an  academy,  a  flour-mill,  gruiu- 
elevator,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  308. 

Creighton«  a  post-village  of  Knox  oo..  Neb.,  12  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Verdigris,  and  about  22  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Niobrara.  It  has  6  churches,  3  banks,  2  newspaper  offices, 
2  academics,  a  creamery,  and  flour-aiills.     Pop.  822. 

Creighton^  a  post-bamlet  of  Guernsey  oo.,  0.,  about 
22  miles  N.E.  of  Zunesville.     It  has  10  families. 

Creighton,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  21 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Alleghany  City.  It  has  a  church,  and 
manufactures  of  plate-glass,  brick,  &a.     Pop.  about  500. 

Creil)  krkl  or  kr&'y^,  a  town  of  France,  in  Oise,  on  tho 
Oise,  at  a  railway  junction,  32  miles  N.  of  Paris.  Pop. 
5438.  It  was  formerly  strongly  fortified,  and  has  remains 
of  an  old  royal  palace  on  an  island  in  the  river,  porcelain- 
and  glass-works,  and  some  trade  in  oil,  timber,  and  corn. 

Crema^  kr&'m&,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  on  the 
Serio,  25  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Milan.  It  is  enclosed  by 
old  fortifications,  is  well  built,  and  has  several  handsome 
churches  and  palaces.  It  has  manufactures  of  lace,  hats, 
thread,  and  silk.  Crema  was  founded  by  some  Longobards 
who  fled  from  the  cruelties  of  Alboin,  tho  first  Lombard  king 
of  Italy.     It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  8154, 

Cremeaux,  kr^h^mO',  a  village  of  France,  in  Loire,  11 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Roanne.     Pop.  1566. 

Cr^mieUj  kr4^me-uh'  (anc.  Cremiacximf),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Isero,  43  miles  N.W.  of  Grenoble.     Pop.  1871. 

Cremmen,  krSm'm^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Branden- 
burg, 26  miles  N.  of  Potedam.     Pop.  2841. 

Cremnitz,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Kremnitz. 

Cremona,  kre-mo'na  (It.  pron.  kr&-mo'n&),  a  fortified 
city  of  Italy,  capital  of  the  province  of  Cremona,  on  the  Po, 
at  a  railway  junction,  48  miles  S.E.  of  Milan.  Pop.  30,508. 
It  is  handsomely  built,  and  has  a  cathedral  and  numerous 
other  churches  rich  in  works  of  art.  Close  by  the  cathedral 
is  theTorazzo,  the  loftiest  and  most  beautiful  tower  in  Italy, 
896  feet  in  elevation,  having  490  steps  to  the  bell-story; 
also  a  fine  baptistery,  city,  hall,  theatres,  barracks,  hospitals, 
and  charitable  institutions.  Some  of  the  ancient  palaces  of 
Cremona  are  beautiful  specimens  of  architecture.  There 
■were  formerly  many  convents  here,  but  most  of  them  are  de- 
molished. It  is  the  seat  of  a  bishop,  and  has  civil,  criminal, 
and  commercial  tribunals,  alyceum,  gymnasium,  and  a  pub- 
lic library.  Its  infant  schools  were  the  first  established  in 
Italy.  Its  violins  and  other  musical  instruments  formerly 
had  a  world-wide  reputation,  but  the  manufacture  of  these 
articles  has  now  declined.  Cremona  has  flourishing  manu- 
factures of  silk  and  cotton  fabrics,  porcelain,  dyes,  and 
chemical  products.  In  the  sixteenth  and  seventeenth  cen- 
turies it  was  the  seat  of  a  highly  meritorious  school  of 
painting.    It  has  a  good  trade  by  rail  and  river. 

Cremona  was  known  to  the  ancient  Romans  under  its 
present  name.  It  had  been  colonized  by  the  Romans,  and 
subsequently  became  a  populous  town.  After  the  fall  of  the 
empire  it  shared  the  fate  of  the  other  cities  of  Lombardy, 
and  eventually  fell  under  the  dominion  of  the  Visconti  of 
Milan. Adj.  and  inhab.  Cremonese,  kr6m*o-neez'. 

Cremona,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy.  Area, 
670  square  miles.  It  is  a  fruitful  region,  watered  by  the 
Po.    Capital,  Cremona.     Pop.  300,595. 

Cren'shaw,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Alabama,  has 
an  area  of  about  550  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Conecuh  and  Patsaliga  Rivers.  The  surface  is  nearly  level, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  long-leaf  pine ; 
the  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  pork,  and 
sweet  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  traversed  by 
the  Alabama  Midland  Railroad.  Capital,  Rutledge.  Pop. 
in  1870,  11,156;  in  1880,  11,726;  in  1890,  15,425. 

Crenshaw,  a  mining  post-village  of  Jefierson  co..  Pa., 
8  miles  by  rail  £.  of  Brockwayville.     It  has  a  church. 


Crco'la,  a  station  in  Mobile  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Mobile  k 
Alabama  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of  Mobile. 

Cre'ole,  a  ])08t-offico  of  Logan  co..  Ark. 

Crepsa,  the  ancient  name  of  Cherso. 

Cr6py,  kr&^peo',  or  Crespy  (L.  Cretpiaeum),  a  town 
of  France,  in  Oise,  13  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Senlis.  Pop.  2646. 
It  has  a  handsome  church,  tho  remains  of  an  old  caj<tle, 
manufactures  of  fine  cotton  fabrics,  coarse  linens,  lace, 
paper,  and  leather,  monthly  markets,  and  two  annual  fairs. 

Cr^py^en-Laonois,  krd'peo'-6N<>-14^o'nw&',  a  town 
of  France,  in  Aisne,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Laon.     Pop.  1758. 

Crcs'ccnt,  a  township  of  Del  Norte  co.,  Cal.    Pop.  977. 

Crescent,  Iroquois  co..  III.     See  Crescent  City. 

Crescent,  a  post-village  of  Pottawattamie  co.,  Iowa, 
7  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Council  lilulfs.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  500. 

Crescent,  a  station  in  Terre  Bonne  parish,  La.,  on  the 
Ilouma  Branch  of  the  Louisiana  &  Texas  Railroad,  60 
miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  from  Now  Orleans. 

Crescent,  a  post-village  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Half 
Moon  township,  on  the  Mohawk  River,  and  on  the  Erie 
Canal,  1  mile  from  Crescent  Station,  and  about  14  miles  N. 
of  Albany.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  church,  and  an  academy. 
The  canal  here  crosses  the  river  on  an  aqueduct  1185  feet 
long,  which  cost  $500,000.     Pop.  about  4000. 

Crescent,  a  station  in  Belmont  co.,  0.,  on  the  Bcllaire 
&  St.  Clairsville  Railroad,  3  miles  from  St.  Clairsville. 

Crescent,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  364. 

Crescent,  a  station  in  Lycoming  co..  Pa.,  on  the  North- 
ern Central  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Williamsport. 

Crescent,  a  hamlet  of  Pike  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Erie  Rail- 
road, at  Pond  Eddy  Station,  on  the  Delaware  River,  opposite 
Pond  Eddy,  N.Y.    Here  is  a  quarry  of  bluestone. 

Crescent  City,  tho  capital  of  Del  Norte  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  275  miles  by  water  N.  of  San  Francisco, 
and  about  75  miles  S.W.  of  Jacksonville,  Oregon.  It  has 
2  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of  lum- 
ber, the  largest  export.  Here  is  a  lighthouse,  lat.  41°  44' 
34"  N.,  Ion.  124°  11'  22"  W.     Pop.  in  1890,  907. 

Crescent  City,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co.,  Fla.,  on 
the  W.  bank  of  Lake  Como,  about  17  miles  S.  of  Palatka. 
It  has  2  churches,  an  oil-soap  factory,  and  saw-mills.  Pop. 
in  1890,  554. 

Crescent  City,  a  post-village  of  Iroquois  co.,  111.,  in 
Crescent  township,  on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw  Rail- 
road, 93  miles  E.  of  Peoria.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded 
school,  and  manufactures  of  tile.     Pop.  about  500. 

Crescentino,  kri-shfin-tee'no  (anc.  Quadra'ta  f),  a 
town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Vercelli,  at 
tho  confluence  of  the  Dora  Baltea  with  the  Po.  Pop.  6299. 
It  has  a  church  of  the  eighth  century,  manufactures  of  silk 
and  woollens,  and  Roman  remains. 

Cres'cent  Island,  Pacific  Ocean,  is  one  of  the  most 
easterly  of  Dangerous  Archipelago.  Lat.  23°  20'  S. ;  Ion. 
134°  35'  W.     It  is  3i  miles  in  length. 

Crescent  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Plumas  co.,  Cal. 

Cres'centville,  a  post-office  of  Philadelphia  co..  Pa., 
is  a  branch  of  the  Philadelphia  post-office,  and  is  8  miles  N. 
by  E  of  Independence  Hall,  on  the  Philadelphia,  Newtown 
&  New  York  Railroad. 

Cres'co,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Howard  co.,  Iowa, 
in  Vernon  Springs  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
&  St.  Paul  Railroad,  150  miles  S.S.E.  of  St.  Paul,  about 
40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Charies  City,  and  48  miles  W.  of 
Lansing.  It  has  2  banks,  7  churches,  a  union  school,  a 
Catholic  parochial  school,  a  high  school,  2  iron-foundries,  a 
flour  mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  farm-implements.  Four 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop.  in  1890,  2018; 
of  the  township,  2682. 

Cresco,  a  township  of  Kossuth  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  415. 

Cresco,  a  post-village  )f  Monroe  co.,  Pa.,  about  13 
miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Stroudsburg.  It  has  a  church 
and  public  schools.     Pop.  100. 

Crespano,  kres-pi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Yenetia,  22 
miles  N.W.  of  Treviso.     Pop.  2598. 

Crespiacum,  the  Latin  name  of  Cnirr. 

Crespino,  krds-pee'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  Po,  40 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Venice.  Pop.  4247,  chiefly  engaged  in 
trade  on  the  river. 

Crespy,  a  town  of  France.    See  Crepy. 

Cres'sey,  a  station  in  Mercer  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Visalia 
division  of  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  14  miles  N.W.  of 
Merced. 

Cres'sey's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barry  oo., 
Mich.,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Argenta  Station.    It  has  a  church. 

Cress'kill,  a  post-village  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Northern  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  17  miles  N.  of  New  York, 


CRE 


9T5 


CRE 


and  2  miles  W.  of  the  Palisades.  It  has  an  academy,  a  car- 
riage-fiictory,  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Cres'son,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Cambria 
CO.,  Pa.,  is  near  the  summit  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains, 
11  miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Ebensburg.  The  Cambria  <k 
Clearfield  Railroad  connects  here  with  the  main  line.  The 
beauty  of  the  scenery,  reputation  of  the  mineral  springs, 
and  purity  of  the  air  render  it  a  favorite  summer  resort. 

Cresson,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co.,  Tex.,  18  miles 
by  rail  N.AV.  of  Cleburne.     It  has  a  church. 

Cresso'na,  a  post-borough  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  about 
.3  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Pottsville,  and  30  miles  N.W.of  Read- 
ing.    It  is  supported  chiefly  by  the  coal  business.     It  has 

3  churches,  3  flour- mills,  a  machine-shop,  and  a  woollen- 
mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  1481. 

Cressy,  a  village  of  France.    See  Crecy. 

Crest,  kriit,  a  town  of  France,  in  DrSme,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Dr6me,  10  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Loriol.  Pop. 
4848.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  and  silk  fabrics  and 
printed  cotton  fabrics,  &o. 

Crest,  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy-de-D6me,  7  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Clermont-Ferrand.     Pop.  850. 

Crest'ed  Butte,  bute,  Colorado,  a  mountain  of  the  Elk 
Range,  in  lat.  38°  63'  N.,  Ion.  106°  56'  W.  It  rises  12,052 
feet  above  sea-level,  and  is  mainly  composed  of  rhyolite. 

Crested  Butte,  a  post-village  of  Gunnison  co.,  Col., 
18  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Gunnison.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  oflice,  and  mines  of  gold  and  silver. 
Pop.  in  1890,  857. 

Crest'line,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas,  7 
miles  by  rail  B.  of  Columbus. 

Crestlin'e,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co.,  0.,  12  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Bucyrus.  It  has  6  churches,  a  union  school, 
a  bank,  railroad  workshops,  3  planing-mills,  2  newspaper 
offices,  and  manufactures  of  furniture,  &o.  Pop.  in  1890, 
2911. 

Cres'ton,  a  station  on  the  California  Pacific  Railroad, 

4  miles  E.  of  Napa  Junction,  C'al. 

Creston,  a  post-village  of  Ogle  co..  111.,  28  miles  by 
rail  B.  by  N.  from  Dixon.     It  has  a  bank,  a  graded  school, 

2  churches,  2  grain-elevators,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Fop. 
in  1890,  329, 

Creston,  a  post-village  of  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  about  37 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Hammond.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  200. 

Creston,  a  post-town  of  Union  co.,  Iowa,  ?  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Afton.  It  is  the  N.  terminus  of  a  railroad  which 
extends  via  Hopkins  to  St.  Joseph,  Mo.    It  has  12  (ftiurchcs, 

3  banks,  a  graded  school,  2  daily  and  4  weekly  newspaper 
offices,  2  wagon -factories,  and  large  machine-shops  and  car- 
works  of  the  railroad.  Pop.  in  1870,  411 ;  in  1880,  5081; 
in  1890,  7200. 

Creston,  a  post-village  of  Platte  co..  Neb.,  43  miles  by 
rail  W.  by  N.  of  Scribner.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  and 
a  flour-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  200. 

Creston,  a  post- village  of  Wayne  co.,  0.,  14  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Orrville,  and  12  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Wooster. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  684. 

Cres'tone  Peak,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Sangre  de 
Cristo  Range,  in  the  S.  part  of  the  state,  about  25  miles  N. 
of  Blanca  Peak,  and  about  lat.  37°  55'  N.  It  has  an  alti- 
tude of  14,230  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Crest  View,  a  post-village  of  Walton  co.,  Fla.,  29 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  De  Funiak  Springs.  It  has  3  church 
organizations.     Pop.  100. 

Cres'well,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co..  Col.,  6  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Floyd  Hill  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Cresweil,  a  post-office  of  Spalding  co.,  Ga. 

Creswell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ind.,  5  or  6 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Madison.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Creswell,  a  post-office  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa, 

Creswell,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Kansas,  about  13 
miles  (direct)  W.S.W.  of  Marion. 

Creswell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caldwell  co.,  Ky.,  about  9 
miles  (direct)  N.  of  Princeton,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
It  has  a  saw-mill,  <fec. 

Creswell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  about  25 
miles  N.E.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  canning-factories, 

Creswell,  a  post-office  of  Antrim  co.,  Mich. 

Creswell,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  N.C.,  12 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Plymouth.  It  contains  3  churches  and 
the  Creswell  Academy.     Pop.  in  1890,  202. 

Creswell,  a  posthnmlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  0.,  17  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Steuben ville. 

Creswell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lane  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Oregon  <fc  California  Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of  Eugene  City. 

Creswell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  5  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Columbia. 


Creswell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Russell  co.,  Va.,  19  miles 
N.W.  of  Abingdon. 

Cres'wick,  a  borough  of  Talbot  co.,  Victoria,  Australia, 
15  miles  N.  of  Ballarat,  in  a  rich  gold-region.  It  has  a 
general  hospital.     Pop.  3969. 

Crete,  kreet,  or  Candia,  kan'de-a  (anc.  L.  Cre'ta; 
Gr.  KpijTT) ;  Fr,  Caridie,  kixMee' ;  Turk.  Kiridi,  kee-ree'- 
dee,  or  Ghirit,  ghce-reet'),  a  large  and  famous  island  of  the 
Mediterranean,  now  a  vilayet  of  Turkey,  between  lat.  34° 
55'  and  35°  43'  N.  and  Ion.  23°  30'  and  26°  20'  E.  Length, 
1 50  miles ;  breadth,  from  6  to  35  miles.  Pop.  estimated  at 
200,000.  The  N.  coast,  with  numerous  indentations,  forms 
the  Capes  of  Buzo,  Spada,  Sassoso,  Sidero,  and  the  Bays  or 
Gulfs  of  Kisamos,  Canca  or  Khania,  Suda,  Armyro,  Retimo, 
and  Mirabel.  The  S.  coast  is  lofty,  bordered  by  mountains, 
presenting  few  indentations,  so  that  only  one  marked  prom- 
ontory is  formed.  Cape  Matala  or  Theodia,  and  an  exten- 
sive bay,  that  of  Messara.  It  has  several  good  harbors. 
The  surface  is  mountainous.  Mount  Ida,  near  its  centre, 
rises  to  7674  feet  in  height.  Caverns  are  very  numerous. 
There  are  but  few  plains,  and  no  rivers  or  lakes  of  any 
importance.  The  climate  is,  in  general,  mild  and  healthy, 
the  heats  of  summer  being  tempered  by  a  N,  wind  which 
blows  throughout  the  greater  part  of  the  day.  The  only 
useful  minerals  known  to  exist  are  gypsum,  lime,  slate,  and 
whetstone.  Vegetation  is  extremely  luxuriant  in  favorable 
situations,  although  a  great  portion  of  tho  soil  is  dry  and 
stony  and  not  well  adapted  for  the  production  of  grain.  In 
many  places,  however,  fruits  and  vegetables  grow  sponta- 
neously, myrtles  and  rose-laurels  cover  the  banks  of  the 
rivulets,  and  the  plains  and  pastures  are  enamelled  with 
the  most  beautiful  and  fragrant  flowers.  Tho  principal 
products  are  tobacco,  oil,  oranges,  lemons,  silk,  wine,  raisins, 
carobs,  valonia,  wool,  cotton,  and  honey.  The  manufac- 
tures, which  are  mostly  domestic,  comprise  leather  and 
spirits,  with  coverlets,  sacking,  and  coarse  cloths.  Soap 
is  the  staple  article  of  manufacture.  Tho  imports  consist 
chiefly  of  cotton  goods  and  other  manufactured  products, 
colonial  goods,  rice,  wheat,  and  barley. 

History. — Crete  was  the  cradle  of  the  civilization  brought 
to  Europe  by  the  Phoenicians  and  Egyptians.  Among  the 
ancient  Cretan  monarchs  were  two  of  the  name  of  Minos, 
one  of  whom  was  esteemed  the  wisest  legislator  of  antiquity. 
In  the  time  of  Homer,  Crete  was  crowded  with  inhabitants 
and  contained  a  great  number  of  flourishing  cities.  The 
original  or  true  Cretans  were  called  Eteocretes,  to  distin- 
guish them  from  the  foreign  settlers,  and  inhabited  the  S. 
division  of  the  island.  For  ten  centuries  Crete  repelled  all 
foreign  aggression,  but  it  was  at  length  subdued  by  the  Ro- 
mans. The  Latin  emperors  at  Constantinople  ceded  it  to 
tho  Marquis  of  Montferrat,  by  whom  it  was  sold  to  the 
Venetians  in  1204.  It  was  afterwards  taken  by  the.  Turks. 
A  large  majority  of  the  people  are  Christians  of  the  Greek 

faith,  and  the  Greek  language  is  in  general  use. Adj. 

and  inhab.  Cretan,  kree'tan,  or  Candian,  kan'de-an,  alse 
Candiot  or  Candiote,  kan'de-ot\ 

Crete,  kreet,  a  post-village  of  Will  co..  111.,  in  Crete 
township,  on  the  Chicago,  Danville  &,  Vincennes  Railroad, 
37  miles  S.  of  Chicago.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  union  school,  manufactures  of  sash  and  blinds,  and 
a  money-order  post-office.   P.  about  700  ;  of  township,  1468. 

Crete,  a  city  of  Saline  co.,  Neb.,  on  the  Big  Blue  River, 
21  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Lincoln,  and  11  mile.i  by  rail  N. 
of  Wilber.  It  has  8  churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices, 
flour-mills,  a  brewery,  a  bottling-works,  a  theological  sem- 
inary, an  institution  called  Doane  College,  and  publio 
graded  schools.     Pop.  in  1890,  3283. 

Crete,  a  post-office  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa, 

Creteil,  kr^h-tA.!',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine,  on  the 
Marne,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Paris.     Pop.  2446. 

Creuilly,  kruh^yce',  a  town  of  France,  in  Calvados,  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Caen,  on  the  Seulles.     Pop.  903. 

Creuse,  kruz,  a  river  of  France,  departments  of  Creuse 
and  Indre,  joins  the  Vienne  12  miles  N.  of  Cha,tellerault, 
after  a  N.N.W.  course  of  nearly  175  miles. 

Creuse,  a  department  in  the  centre  of  France,  situated 
between  the  departments  of  Indre,  Haute-Vienne,  Correze, 
Puy-de-DOme,  Allier,  and  Cher.  Area,  2133  square  miles. 
It  is  drained  by  the  river  Creuse.  Surface  mostly  moun- 
tainous, and  great  part  of  it  sterile.  Principal  mineral 
product,  coal.  Capital,  Gulret.  It  is  divided  into  the  4 
arrondissements  of  Aubusson,  Bourganeuf,  Boussac,  aud 
Gu6ret,     Pop.  in  1886,  284,942. 

Creutznach,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Kreutznach. 

Creuzburg,  or  Kreuzburg,  kroits'booRO,  a  town  of 
Prussian  Silesia,  40  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Oels.  It  has  large 
factories.     Pop.  5238. 


b 


ORE 


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CRI 


•^CMv«o<B«r»  or  CriTcc<Bur-le«Grand,  krAv'kun' 
Ifh  grtv,  a  Tillage  of  Fmnco,  in  Oi»c,  12  nilica  N.  of  Boau- 
rain.  It  bM  maoufacturos  of  woollens  and  fine  pottery, 
•Ad  an  old  oaatle  with  beautiful  gnrdons.     Pop.  3U9. 

Cr^veccear^  a  village  of  Franco,  in  Mord,  on  the 
Boheldt.  6  miles  S.  of  Cambroi.     Pop.  2020. 

Cr^ve  C<Kur,  kr4v  ken,  a  poat-hiviiilet  of  St.  Louii 
00.,  Mo.,  14  iuilo#  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  St.  Louis,  44  mile* 
fVom  the  Missouri  Hirer,  and  is  a  noted  flsbisg-rosort.  It 
liaf  2  ohurobes,  a  flour-uill,  nnd  a  public  school.     Pop.  400. 

Crevillente,  kr&-ve«l-ydn't4,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Va- 
lencia, 18  miles  S.W.  by  S.  of  Alioiinte.  It  possesses  a 
parish  church  and  2  chapels.     Pup.  7800. 

CrewCf  kru,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Chester,  34 
miles  S.E.  of  Liverpool,  47  miles  N.N.W.  of  Binningham, 
31  miles  S.E.  of  Chester,  and  I6U  miles  N.W.  of  London. 
The  inhabitants  are  chiefly  connected  with  the  several  rail- 
ways here  meeting,  and  with  the  construction  of  which  the 
town  has  entirely  sprung  up.  It  consists  mostly  of  houses 
and  neat  cottages  with  gardens,  nnd  has  a  handsome  station, 
a  fine  hotel,  an  elegant  church,  schools,  lecturo-ruotn,  library, 
mechanics'  institute,  baths,  nnd  numerous  shops.  Here  are 
large  machine-shops,  repair-shops,  and-other  railway  estab- 
lishments.    Pop.  in  1881,  24,.38.5j  in  1891,  28.761. 

Crewe,  a  post- village  of  Nottoway  co.,  Va.,  4  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Nottowny  Court-llouse.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  railroad  machine-shops,  <tc. 
Pop.  in  1890,  887. 

Crew'kerne,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Somerset,  8 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Yeovil.  The  town  has  a  fine  cruci- 
form church  in  the  Tudor  style  and  richly  ornamented. 

Crew's  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Lamar  co.,  Ala.,  45 
miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Jasper,  and  10  miles  N.  of  Ver- 
non.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  normal  college.     Pop.  250. 

Cribb's,  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.     See  Middletown. 

Cricha,  a  river  and  city  of  Brazil.     See  Crixa. 

Crichton,  kri'tpn,  a  village  of  Scotland,  oo.  and  11 
miles  S.E.  of  Edinburgh.  Near  it  are  limestone-quarries 
and  the  ruins  of  Crichton  Castle.     Pop.  of  parish,  122.3. 

Crickeith,  or  Criccieth,  krik'ith,  a  town  of  Wales, 
00.  of  Carnarvon,  on  Cardigan  Bay,  9  miles  by  rail  E.N.E. 
of  Pwllheli.     Pop.  812. 

Crick'et  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mathews  co.,  Va.,  5 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Mathew's  Court-Houso.  It  has  several 
general  stores,  Ac.     Pop.  about  600. 

Cricket  Kiver,  Oregon,  rises  in  the  Blue  Mountains, 
in  Umatilla  co.,  runs  southward,  and  enters  Lake  Harney. 

Crick'howell  (Welsh,  Orug-Hyteell,  krug-hiih'w?l),  a 
town  of  Wales,  co.  and  124  miles  E.S.E.  of  Brecon,  on 
the  Usk,  hero  crossed  by  a  bridge  of  14  arches.  The  town, 
picturesquely  situated,  and  resorted  to  by  tourists  and  in- 
valids, has  the  remains  of  a  castle.     Pop.  of  parish,  1464. 

Crick'lade,  an  old  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Wilts,  on 
the  Isis,  and  on  the  Thames  &  Severn  Canal,  7  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Swindon.  Pop.  1845.  The  new  parliamentary  borough 
includes  several  towns  in  Wiltshire  and  Gloucestershire,  has 
M  pop.  of  43,123,  and  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of 
Commons. 

Cri'dersville,  a  post-village  of  Auglaize  co.,  0.,  in 
Dnchouquet  township,  on  the  Dayton  A  Michigan  Railroad, 
65  miles  N.  of  Dayton.    It  has  2  churches.   Pop.  465 

Crieff,  krcef,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  and  17  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Perth,  on  the  Earn,  a  tributary  of  the  Tay.  It 
stands  near  the  foot  of  the  Grampians,  is  a  place  of  summer 
resort,  and  has  good  churches,  a  town  house,  several  branch 
banks,  an  elegant  assembly-room,  active  manufactures  of 
cotton,  linen,  worsted  and  woollen  stuffs,  tanneries,  corn-  and 
oil-mills,  distilleries,  and  a  large  water-cure.     Pop.  4153. 

Crilfel,  or  Criifle,  krif^l,  a  granite  mountain  of  Scot- 
land, in  Kirkcudbright.     Height,  1892  feet. 

Crig'lersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Va.,  20 
miles  W.  of  Culpeper  Court- House.     It  has  a  church. 

Crimea,  krim-ee'a  (Russ.  Krim;  anc.  Tau'rica  Cher- 
tone'iiu),  a  peninsula  of  Southern  Russia,  formed  by  the 
Sea  of  Azof  and  the  Block  Sea,  comprising  part  of  the 
government  of  Taurida.  It  is  separated  into  two  distinct 
regions  by  its  largest  river,  the  Salghir;  the  N.W.  portion 
forms  a  vast  plain,  the  soil  of  which  is  impregnated  with 
calt  and  only  fit  for  pasturage,  while  the  S.E.  part  is  in 
general  mountainous  and  interspersed  with  fertile  valleys. 
The  mountain-chain  runs  in  a  N.E.  and  S.W.  direction: 
its  culminating  point,  Chateer  Dagh  (anc.  Trap'ezui),  is 
6180  feet  in  elevation.  The  climate  of  the  N.W.  portion  is 
cold  and  humid  in  winter  and  hot  and  dry  in  summer;  but 
the  S.E.  part,  defended  by  the  mountains  from  the  N.  winds, 
is  mild  and  salubrious.  The  soil  is  rich  and  fertile,  pro- 
ducing, when  irrigated,  all  the  grains  and  froi^  of  Southem 


Europe  ;  the  mountains  are  covered  with  valuoblo  forests, 
nnd  present  the  most  varied  ana  picturesque  scenery.  Vast 
herds  of  cattle  are  reared,  and  the  honey  of  the  Crimea  is 
celebrated.  The  dromedary  is  used  as  a  beast  of  burden. 
This  country  was  culled  Taurica  by  the  Greeks,  who  formed 
in  it  the  small  kingdom  of  Bosporus,  was  held  by  the  Mon- 
gols in  the  thirteenth  century,  subjected  to  the  Turks  in 
1475,  and  ceded  to  Russia  in  1783.  Its  changing  history  is 
indicated  by  the  circumstance  that  each  of  its  towns  has  at 
least  3  differont  names.  Its  people  are  nearly  all  Moham- 
medans, chiefly  of  pure  Tartar  descent  in  the  interior,  but 
mrtly  of  Turkish,  Greek,  and  Italian  blood  on  the  coast. 
Their  language  is  allied  to  the  Turkish.     Mohammedan 

pop.  in  1874,  127,682. Adj.  and  inhab.  Criugan,  krim 

ce'an,  or  Crim  Tartar.    See  Taurida. 

Crimmitzschaa,  krim'mits-sh5w\  a  town  of  Sasony, 
10  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Zwickau,  on  the  Pleisse.  It  has 
machine-shops,  lime-kilns,  and  woollen-,  cotton-,  and  needle- 
factories.    Pop.  17,649. 

Crimson  (krim'zpn)  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Monro* 
CO.,  W.  Va. 

Crinan  (kree'nan)  Canal,  in  Scotland,  co.  of  Argyle, 
connects  Loch  Gilp  with  Jura  Sound,  across  the  hea<l  of 
the  peninsula  of  Kintyro.  Length,  about  9  miles.  Near 
its  extremities  are  Crinan  and  Lochgilp  Head. 

Cripa,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Cuddapah. 

Criquebociit-en-Caux,  kreek^buf-dNa-kO,  a  village 
of  Fiivnce,  in  Soine-Inf6rieure,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Havre. 

Criqueboeuf-sur-Seine,  krcek^btif-sliR-sAn,  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  in  Eure,  on  the  Seine,  3  miles  from  Pont-de- 
I'Arche.     Pop.  1226. 

Criquetot-Lesneval,  kreek'to'-li'n?h-vM',  a  village 
of  France,  in  Seine-Inf6rieure,  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Havre. 
Pop.  1545. 

Criquetot-sur-OuTiIle,  kreek'to'-sliR-oo'veel',  a 
village  of  France,  in  Seinc-Infcrieure,  6  miles  E.  of  Yvetot. 

Cris'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harper  co.,  Kansas,  6  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Attica.     It  has  2  church  organizations. 

Crisfield,  a  post-village  and  railroad  terminus  of  Som- 
erset CO.,  Md.,  on  Chesapeake  Bay,  32  miles  by  rail  S.S.W. 
of  Salisbury,  and  about  90  miles  S.S.E.  of  Annapolis.  It 
has  8  churches,  a  high  school,  and  2  newspaper  offices. 
Packing  oysters,  fish,  and  game  is  the  principal  business. 

Cris'mau,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Boulder 
CO.,  Col.,  7  miles  from  Boulder.     It  has  2  quartz-mills. 

Crisman,  a  post-hamlet  of  Porter  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Michigan  Central  Railroad,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Michigan  City. 

Crisp's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co., 
Ind.,  18  miles  S.W.  of  New  Albanj-. 

Crissa,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Kris.so. 

Crit'tenden,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Arkansas,  has 
an  area  of  about  570  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  the  Mississippi  River.  The  surface  is  level  and  low, 
partly  occupied  by  lakes  and  swamps,  and  subject  to  inun- 
dation during  high  water.  The  soil  of  the  drier  parts  is 
fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Memphis  A  Little  Rock 
Railroad.  Capital,  Marion.  Pop.  in  1870,  3831;  in  1880, 
9H5;  in  1890,  1.3,940. 

Crittenden,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Kentucky,  has 
an  area  of  about  375  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.  by  the  Tradewater  River,  and  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Ohio 
River.  The  Cumberlond  River  touches  the  S.W.  extremity 
of  the  county.  The  surface  is  mostly  undulating  or  nearly 
level ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  tobacco,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  beds  of  coal  and 
iron  ore.  Capital,  Marion.  Pop.  in  1870,  9381 ;  in  1880, 
11,688;  in  1S90,  13,119. 

Crittenden,  a  post-office  of  Pima  co.,  Arizona. 

Crittenden,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co..  111.,  13  miles 
E.  of  Duquoin. 

Crittenden,  a  post-office  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.,  14  miles  S. 
of  Logansport. 

Crittenden,  a  post-village  of  Grant  co.,  Ky.,  25  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Cincinnati,  0.     It  has  3  churches. 

Crittenden,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
N.  bank  of  the  Duroc  River,  18  miles  (direct)  S.S.W.  of. 
Versailles.     It  has  a  store. 

Crittenden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  21  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Buffalo.     It  has  a  church. 

Crittenden's,  a  post-village  of  Nanscmond  co.,  Va., 
14  miles  N.  of  Suffolk.  It  has  2  churches.  Oysters  form 
the  main  business.     Pop.  200. 

Crittenden's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dale  co.,  Ala., 
35  miles  S.S.E.  of  Troy.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Crivitz,  a  town  of  Germany.     See  Krivitz. 

Crixa,  or  Cricha,  kree'shi,  a  river  of  Brazil,  rising  in 


CRI 


977 


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the  mountains  N.  of  the  town  of  Goyaz,  flows  N.W.,  and 
joins  the  right  bank  of  the  Araguay.  Its  whole  course  is 
about  200  miles,  and  it  is  partly  navigable. 

Crixa,  or  Cricha,  a  city  of  Brazil,  province  and  135 
miles  N.  of  Goyaz,  and  10  miles  S.  of  the  above  river. 
Pop.  5000  (?). 

Croa,  kro'i,  the  name  of  five  small  islands  at  the  em- 
bouchure of  the  Amazon. 

Croagh,  kro'iH,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Limerick, 
8J  miles  N.N.E.  of  Kathkeale.     Pop.  of  parish,  1247. 

Cro'agh  Pat'rick,  or  Reek,  a  mountain  of  Ireland, 
CO.  of  Mayo,  on  the  S.  side  of  Clew  Bay,  6  miles  AV.S.W.  of 
WestiTort.  Elevation,  2530  feet.  It  is  an  object  of  super- 
stitious reverence. 

Cro^atan',  a  post-village  of  Craven  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Atlantic  &  North  Carolina  llailroad,  11  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
New-Berne,  and  about  1  mile  S.W.  of  the  Neuso  River.  It 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  township,  656.     See  Ckoetan. 

Croatan  (or  Croetan)  Sound,  a  body  of  shoal  water 
in  North  Carolina,  lying  principally  between  Roanoke  Island 
and  the  mainland  of  Dare  co.  It  communicates  northward 
with  Albemarle  Sound  and  southward  with  Pamlico  Sound, 
of  which  last  it  may  be  considered  a  part. 

Croatia,  kro-i'she-a  (called  by  the  natives  Horv&th 
Orszdg,  houVit'  ou's^g' ;  Ger.  Kroatien,  kro-h'tc-^n),  a  re- 
gion in  Austria -Hungary,  a  titular  kingdom,  its  crown  be- 
longing to  the  Emperor  of  Austria.  It  extends  northeast- 
ward from  the  Adriatic  to  the  river  Drave,  bounded  W.  by 
Carniola  and  Styria,  N.E.  by  Hungary,  E.  by  Slavonia,  and 
S.E.  by  Turkish  Croatia,  from  which  it  is  partly  divided 
by  the  Save.  It  is  a  fertile  country  of  hills  and  forests.  Its 
inhabitants  are  chiefly  Croats,  a  Slavic  people,  having  lan- 
guages of  their  own  (Serbo-Croatian  and  Slaveno-Croatian). 
They  are  Catholics  of  the  Latin  rite.  Their  country  is  now 
ft  part  of  the  crown-land  of  Croatia  axd  Slavonia.  Chief 
town,  Agram. Adj.  and  inhab.  Cno'AT,  or  Croa'tian. 

Turkish  Croatia  is  the  northwesternmost  portion  of 
Bosnia,  forming  the  district  of  Bihacs,  and  having  Bosnia 
proper  on  the  E.,  Herzegovina  on  the  S.E.,  and  on  the  other 
sides  Austrian  Croatia  and  Dalmatia.  Its  population  in 
1867  was  placed  at  161,496.  Capital,  Bihacs.  In  common 
with  Bosnia,  it  passed  under  Austrian  military  occupation 
in  1S78. 

Croa'tia  and  SI  a  vo'nia,  a  united  kingdom,  forming  a 
crown-land  of  Austria-Hungary,  in  Transleithania.  Though 
attached  to  the  Hungarian  kingdom  and  represented  in  its 
diet,  it  has  also  a  diet  and  a  local  government  of  its  own. 
Area,  16,785  square  miles.  It  consists  of  the  two  titular 
kingdoms  of  Croatia  and  Slavonia,  and  contains  the  prin- 
cipal part  of  the  Military  Frontier.  It  is  in  general  a  fertile 
region,  as  well  in  the  mountainous  parts  of  Croatia  as  in 
the  plains  of  Slavonia.  In  the  latter  are  great  heaths  and 
marshes.  Grain,  tobacco,  flax,  potatoes,  wine,  prunes,  honey, 
pork,  and  timber  are  staple  products.  Plum-wine  is  a 
national  beverage.  The  chief  magistrate  of  the  crown-land 
is  called  the  ban,  or  banus.  Agram  is  the  capital,  and 
Fiume  the  principal  seaport.  Agriculture  and  pastoral  pur- 
suits are  followed  by  most  of  the  people,  and  mining  and 
manufactures  receive  little  attention.  Seventy-four  per 
cent,  of  the  people  are  Croats  and  Catholics,  and  the  rest  are 
chiefly  Serbs  and  members  of  the  Greek  church.  Pop.  in 
1869,  1,864,021,  including  699,228  inhabitanU  of  the  Mili- 
tary Frontier;  in  1880,  1,892,499;  in  1890,  2,184,414, 

Croce  Fieschi,  kro'chi  fe-fis'kee,  a  village  of  Italy, 
13  miles  N.N.E.  of  Genoa.     Pop.  3421. 

Croce  Fieschi  Mosso,  kro'chi  fe-Ss'kee  mos'so,  a 
village  of  Italy,  province  of  Novara,  district  and  8  miles 
N.E.  of  Biella.     Pop.  1849. 

Crockatoa,  an  island.    See  Krakatoa. 

Crock'er,  a  township  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1055. 

Crocker,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pulaski  co.,  Mo.,  on  a  high 
hill,  on  the  St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  Railroad,  92  miles 
N.E.  of  Springfield.  It  commands  an  e.\tensive  view  of 
fine  scenery,  and  has  several  stores  and  a  plough-factory. 
'  Crock'ery,  a  township  of  Ottawa  CO.,  Mich.  Pop.  1124. 
It  contains  the  village  of  Nunica. 

Crock'ery  Creek,  Michigan,  drains  the  S.E.  part  of 
Muskegon  co.,  runs  southwestward,  and  enters  the  Grand 
River  in  Ottawa  co.,  about  8  miles  E.  of  Grand  Haven. 

Crock'ett,  a  county  of  West  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of 
about  275  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  South  and 
Middle  Forks  of  the  Forked  Deer  River.  The  surface  is 
nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton  and  corn  are 
its  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Louisville  & 
Memphis  Railroad.    Capital,  Alamo.     Pop.  in  1890,  15,146. 

Crockett,  a  station  in  Obion  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Mobile 
A  Ohio  Railroad,  35  miles  S.  of  Columbus,  Ky. 


Crockett,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Houston  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  International  &  Great  Northern  Railroad,  114  miles 
N.  of  Houston,  and  38  miles  S.  by  E.  from  Palestine.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  an  academy,  a  tan- 
nery, and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  1445. 

Crockett  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wythe  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad,  8  miles  S.W.  of 
Wytheville.     It  has  some  manufactures  of  iron. 

Crockett  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crockett  co.,  Tenn., 
12  miles  from  the  Louisville  &  Memphis  Railroad.  It  has 
a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Crockett's  Bluff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Arkansas  co.,  Ark., 
on  White  River,  about  66  miles  E.S.E.  of  Little  Rock.  It 
has  a  steamboat-landing,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Crock'ettsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Breathitt  oo.,  Ky., 
on  the  Kentucky  River,  45  miles  N.E.  of  Livingston.  I* 
has  a  church. 

Crocodile  Bayou.    See  Cocodrie  Bayou. 

Crocodile  River,  Africa.     See  Limpopo. 

Crocodilopolis.    See  Medinet-el-Fayoom. 

Cro^etan',  a  township  of  Dare  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  225 

Croetan  Sound,  N.C.    See  Croatan  Sound. 

Crof'ton,  a  small  post-village  of  Christian  oo.,  Ky.,  on 
the  St.  Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  Hop- 
kinsville.     It  has  a  church. 

Crofton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kalkaska  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Middle  Fork  of  Boardman  River,  and  on  the  Grand  Rapids 
&  Indiana  Railroad,  35  miles  N.  of  Cadillac.  It  has  a 
lumber-mill.     Pop.  about  100. 

Crofts,  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.    See  West  Batavia. 

Croft's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  N.Y.,  6 
miles  from  Peekskill.     It  has  2  churches. 

Crofts'ville,  a  post-office  of  Tazewell  co.,  Va. 

Cro'ghan,  a  post-village  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Beaver 
River,  in  Croghan  township,  about  60  miles  N.  of  Utica.  It 
has  a  house  of  Franciscans,  a  tannery,  a  grist-mill,  and  2 
churches.  The  township  has  extensive  forests,  and  manu- 
factures of  lumber  and  leather.  Pop.  of  the  township, 
2834.     It  contains  a  village  named  Beaver  Falls. 

Croia,  Croja,  kro'y&,  or  Ak-Hissar,  4k-his-sar' 
(t.e.,  "  White  Castle"),  a  town  of  Turkey,  Albania,  42  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Scutari.  It  stands  on  a  lofty  mountain-spur, 
about  500  feet  above  the  plain,  and  is  defended  by  a  strong 
castle.     Pop.  about  6000. 

Croix,  Saint,  United  States.    See  SAiin'  Croix. 

Croix,  Saint,  West  India  Islands.     See  Santa  Cru«. 

Cro'ker  Island  (native  name,  Heraiki,  hi-ri'kee), 
one  of  the  Low  Islands,  in  the  Pacific.  Lat.  17°  26'  S. ; 
Ion.  143°  26'  W.     It  is  sometimes  called  Tuscan  Island. 

Cro'ker  Island,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Australia,  off  Co- 
burg  Peninsula.  Its  N.  point.  Cape  Croker,  is  in  lat.  10° 
68'  S.,  Ion.  132°  38'  E. 

Crolles,  kroll,  a  village  of  France,  in'Isdre,  11  miles 
N.E.  of  Grenoble.     Pop.  1439. 

Croma,  La,  island.    See  La  Chroma. 

Cromarty,  krom'ar-tee,  a  county  of  Scotland,  forming 
the  promontory  called  Ardmeanach,  or  "Black  Isle,"  con- 
sisting of  about  17i  square  miles,  but  including  also  10  de- 
tached portions  of  land  in  various  parts  of  Ross-shire.  Total 
area,  346  square  miles.  It  is  now  attached  to  the  sheriff- 
dom of  Ross,  and  for  most  purposes  constitutes  a  part  of 
the  united  counties  of  Ross  and  Cromarty,  but  it  still  has  a 
lord-lieutenant  and  a  sheriff's  court. 

Cromarty,  a  town  of  Scotland,  capital  of  the  above 
county,  beautifully  situated  on  Cromarty  Firth,  at  the  S. 
side  of  its  entrance,  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Dingwall.  It  has  2 
churches,  ship-building  docks,  a  pier,  and  manufactures  of 
ropes,  sacking,  sail-cloth,  and  beer.     Pop.  1476. 

Crom'arty,  a  post-village  in  Perth  co.,  Ontario,  f 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Carronbrook.     Pop.  100. 

Crom'arty  Firth  (anc.  Por'tm  Salu'tisf),  an  inlet 
of  Scotland,  and  one  of  the  finest  bays  in  Britain,  on  its 
N.E.  coast,  immediately  W.  of  the  Moray  Firth,  and  be- 
tween the  counties  of  Cromarty  and  Ross.  Length,  18  miles ; 
breadth,  from  3  to  6  miles.  It  is  entered  by  a  strait,  be- 
tween headlands  called  South  and  North  Sutors,  only  li 
miles  across. 

Cro'mer,  a  town  and  watering-place  of  England,  co. 
of  Norfolk,  on  its  N.  coast,  21  miles  N.  of  Norwich.  It  has 
a  fort,  a  fine  church,  baths,  hotels,  and  a  public  library. 
All  attempts  to  form  a  harbor  have  been  baffled  by  the  sea, 
which  is  here  gaining  on  the  land,  and  the  old  town  called 
Shipden  has  been  swept  away.  The  inhabitants  are  mostly 
engaged  in  fishing.  Cromer  Bay,  from  the  danger  of  it* 
navigation,  has  been  named  the  "  devil's  throat." 

Cro'mer's,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Ga. 

Cromer's,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Seneca  co.,  Q» 


CRO 


978 


CRO 


la  Liberty  townslilp,  on  the  Toledo,  Tiffin  &  Eastern  R&iU 
rood,  A  miles  N.W.  of  Tiffin. 

Cromer's,  a  towniibii)  of  Nowbcrry  oo.,  S.C.   Pop.  2224. 

CromTonlt  a  town  uf  England,  co.  of  Derby,  in  the 
Matlock  Dale,  3  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Matlook.     Pop.  1U74. 

Crommenie,  Nothorlamis.    Soe  Krommbny. 

Crommyon  (or  Cromyon)  Promontorium.    Soe 

COIIXACIIITI. 

Cromp'ton,  a  town  of  England,  in  Lanoashire,  3  miles 
N.  of  Oldhnra.     It  has  cotton-mills.     Pop.  7302. 

Crunip'ton,  a  niunufiicturing  village  of  Kent  oo.,  R.I., 
in  Warwick  township,  1  mile  from  Quidniok  Station,  which 
is  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Providence.  It  has  2  manufaotories 
of  cotton -print  cloths  and  4  churches.     Pop.  874. 

Crom'wcli,  a  post-town  of  Middlesex  oo..  Conn.,  on 
the  W.  bunk  uf  the  Connecticut  River,  and  on  the  Conneo- 
tiout  Viilloy  Railroad,  12}  miles  S.  of  Hartford,  and  2i  miles 
N.  of  Middletown.  It  has  a  savings-bank,  3  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  hammers,  lamps,  and  iron  toys.   Pop.  1856. 

Cromwell,  a  post-village  of  Nuble  co.,  Ind.,  10  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Albion.  It  has  3  churches,  manufactures  of 
tubs  and  buckets,  &o.     Pop.  500. 

Cromwell,  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  Iowa,  15  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Afton.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school, 
and  manufactures  of  ploughs  and  carriages.     Pup.  200. 

Cromwell,  a  post-village  of  Ohio  oo.,  Ky.,  II  miles  S. 
by  E.  of  Hartford.     It  bos  a  church. 

Cromwell,  a  township  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa. 

Cromwell  Centre,  a  post-bamlet  of  Clay  oo.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Little  Sioux  River,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Sibley. 

Cronberg,  or  Kronberg,  krin'bdnoS  a  town  of  Prus- 
sia, in  Hesse- Nassau,  H  miles  E.  of  Konigstein.  Pop.  2055. 
Near  it  is  the  mineral  spring  of  Kronthal. 

Cron'ly,  a  post-village  of  Columbus  co.,  N.C.,  17  miles 
by  roil  W.  by  N.  of  Wilmington.  It  has  manufactures  of 
brick  and  fertilizers.     Pop.  122. 

Cron'omer's  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co., 
N.Y.,  4  miles  from  Newburg.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
general  store. 

Cronstadt,  or  Kronstadt,krSn'8t&tt,  a  seaport  town 
of  Russia,  government  and  20  miles  W.  of  St.  Petersburg, 
on  the  long,  flat,  and  arid  island  of  Kotlin,  near  the  E.  ex- 
tremity of  the  Gulf  of  Finland.  Lat.  59°  59'  42"  N. ;  Ion. 
29°  40'  30"  E.  The  town  is  on  the  S.E.  extremity  of  the 
island,  opposite  the  mouth  of  the  Neva,  and  is  strongly  for- 
tified on  all  sides.  On  the  S.  side  of  Kotlin  is  the  nar- 
row channel,  through  which  only  one  vessel  can  pass  at  a 
time,  and  scores  of  guns  would  here  be  brought  to  bear  on 
an  enemy.  All  approaches  to  the  town  are  barred  by  forts 
and  batteries  of  the  strongest  description.  Cronstadt  is 
regularly  built,  and  contains  many  straight  and  well-paved 
streets,  and  several  squares.  The  houses,  however,  are  all 
low,  being  generally  of  one  story,  with  red-  and  green-painted 
roofs,  and  are  mostly  of  wood,  with  the  exception  of  those 
belonging  to  the  government,  which  are  nearly  all  built  of 
stone.  The  town  is  entered  by  three  gates,  and  is  divided 
into  two  sections,  the  commandant's  division  and  the  ad- 
miralty, each  of  which  is  subdivided  into  two  districts.  It 
is  also  intersected  by  two  canals,  which  have  their  sides  of 
granite  and  are  both  deep  and  wide  enough  to  admit  the 
largest  vessels.  The  one  is  used  as  a  repairing  dock,  and 
the  other  for  commercial  purposes.  Between  the  two  canals 
stands  a  handsome  palace,  built  by  Prince  Mentchikof,  now 
occupied  as  a  naval  school  and  attended  by  300  pupils. 
The  other  public  buildings  deserving  of  notice  are  the 
marine  hospital,  the  churches,  the  British  seamen's  hospi- 
tal, the  exchange,  custom-house,  admiralty,  arsenal,  bar- 
racks, cannon-foundry,  <tc.,  and  the  small  palace  in  which 
Peter  the  Great  resided.  The  harbor  lies  to  the  S.  of  the 
town,  and  consists  of  three  sections, — the  military  or  outer 
harbor,  which  is  the  great  naval  station  of  Russia;  the 
middle  harbor,  for  the  fitting  out  and  repairing  of  vessels; 
and  the  innermost  harbor,  running  parallel  with  the  last, 
and  used  only  by  merchant-vessels.  Much  of  the  external 
commerce  of  Russia  passes  through  Cronstadt,  although 
the  depth  of  water  at  the  bar  is  small  and  ice  blocks  up 
the  harbor  five  months  in  the  year,  the  shipping-season 
continuing  only  from  May  to  November.  (See  St.  Peters- 
BURO.)  Cronstadt  has  constant  eommunioation  with  the 
opposite  shores,  and  steamers  ply  between  it  and  the  capital, 
with  which  it  is  also  connected  by  railway.  It  was  founded 
by  Peter  the  Great  in  1703.     Pop.  47,166, 

Cronstadt,  Transylvania.    See  Kronstadt. 

Crook,  a  post-office  of  Boone  eo.,  W.  Va. 

Crook  and  Billy  Row,  a  township  of  England,  co. 
of  Durham,  on  a  railway,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Bishop-Auck- 
land.   Pop.  9401. 


Crook  City,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  oo.,  S.P.,  on 
White  Wood  Creek,  in  a  beautiful  valley  among  the  Black 
Hills,  about  250  miles  W.  of  Yankton.  It  has  a  church,  an 
academy,  a  saw-mill,  a  gold-amalgamator,  and  miinufaoturcs 
of  gluvcs,  nanh,  wagons,  Ac.  Gold  is  found  near  this  place. 
Pop.  about  300. 

Crook  Creek,  township,  Houston  oo.,  Minn.   Pop.  560. 

Crook'ed  Creek,  Arkansas,  rises  in  Boone  co.,  runs 
eastward,  and  enters  White  River  in  Marion  co.  It  is  about 
80  miles  long. 

Crooked  Creek,  or  La  Moin  River,  of  Illinoi!>, 
drains  part  of  Hancock  co.,  runs  southeastward  through 
McDonough  and  Schuyler  cos.,  and  enters  the  Illinois  River 
about  5  miles  below  Bcardstown.    Length,  about  100  miles. 

Crooked  Creek  rises  in  Allen  eo.,  Ind.,  runs  north- 
eastward through  Paulding  co.,  0.,  and  enters  the  Auglaize 
River  about  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Defiance. 

Crooked  Creek,  Iowa,  drains  parts  of  Henry  and 
Washington  cos.,  runs  northwestward,  and  enters  the  Skunk 
River  at  the  N.E.  corner  of  JefTerson  co. 

Crooked  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Indiana  co., 
and  runs  southwestward  to  Armstrong  co.,  in  which  it  flows 
northwestward,  and  enters  the  Alleghany  River  6  or  6  miles 
below  Kittanning. 

Crooked  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cullman  co.,  Ala. 
6  miles  S.W.  of  Wilhite  Railroad  Station. 

Crooked  Creek,  a  township  of  Cumberland  co.,  lU. 
Pop.  081. 

Crooked  Creek,  a  township  of  Jasper  co..  III.,  con- 
tiguous to  Crooked  Creek  township,  Cumberland  co.  P.  1568. 

Crooked  Creek,  Ind.    See  Jamestown. 

Crooked  Creek,  township,  McDowell  co.,  N.C.  P.  389. 

Crooked  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Tioga  co..  Pa. 

Crooked  Fork  of  Grand  River  rises  in  Adair  co., 
Iowa,  and  runs  S.S.E.  to  the  northern  boundary  of  Mis- 
souri, which  it  crosses.  It  runs  thence  nearly  southward, 
and  enters  the  Grand  River  in  Livingston  co.,  about  6  miles 
S.W.  of  Chillicothe.     It  is  about  200  miles  long. 

Crooked  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  Tenn. 

Crooked  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa., 
1  mile  from  Sanatoga  Station,  and  10  miles  N.W.  of  Phoenix- 
ville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Crook'ed  Islands,  a  group  of  the  Bahamas,  consist- 
ing of  Crooked  Island  (pop.  627),  Acklin  Island  (pop.  370), 
Fortune  Key,  and  Castle  Island.  Lat.  of  S.  point  of 
Castle  Island,  22°  7'  N. ;  Ion.  74°  21'  W. 

Crooked  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Clare  co.,  Mich. 

Crooked  Lake,  New  York.    See  Keuka  Lake. 

Crooked  River  or  Creek,  Missouri,  runs  southeast- 
ward through  Ray  co.,  and  enters  the  Missouri  River  about 
6  miles  below  Lexington.     It  is  about  60  miles  long. 

Crooked  River,  Oregon,  rises  in  the  Blue  Mountains, 
runs  westward  and  northwestward,  and  enters  the  Des 
Chutes  River  in  AVasco  co.     Length,  about  150  miles. 

Crooked  River,  township,  Ray  co.,  Mo,     Pop.  1622. 

Crooked  Tree,  a  post-hamlet  of  Noble  co.,  0.,  2J 
miles  from  Dexter  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Crook'haven,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Cork,  on 
Crookhaven  Harbor,  21  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Skibcreen. 

Crook's  Rapids,  Ontario.    See  Hastings. 

Crooks'ton,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Polk  co.,  Minn., 
on  Red  Lake  River,  21  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Grand  Forks. 
It  has  11  churches,  3  banks,  4  weekly  and  2  daily  newspaper 
offices,  lumber-mills,  a  .sash-  and  door-factory,  2  planing- 
mills,  a  foundry,  and  a  brick-yard.     Pop.  in  1890,  3457, 

Crookston,  a  post-village  of  Cherry  co,.  Neb.,  11 
miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Valentine.  It  has  a  grain-mill 
and  a  lumber  mill. 

Crooksville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Cincinnati  &■  Muskingum  Valley  Railroad,  about  14  miles 
S.  of  Zanesville.     It  has  a  church  and  a'  pottery. 

Croom,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  10  miles  by  rail 
S.S.W.  of  Limerick.  It  has  a  strong  castle,  built  in  the 
reign  of  King  John.     Pop.  885. 

Croom,  a  post-village  of  Prince  George's  co.,  Md.,  28 
miles  S.W.  of  Annapolis,  and  2  miles  from  Croom  Station  on 
the  Baltimore  &  Potomac  Railroad.     It  has  a  church. 

Croom's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Izard  co..  Ark. 

Croom  Station,  a  post-office  of  Prince  George's  co., 
Md.,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Potomac  Railroad  (Pope's  Creek 
Branch),  44  miles  S.  of  Baltimore. 

Croppenstiidt,or  Kroppenstett,  krop'p?n-st4tt',  a 
walled  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Oschers- 
leben.     Pop.  2233. 

Crop'per's  Depot,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Louisville  &  Lexington  Railroad,  19  milas  N.W.  of 
Frankfort. 


CRO 


979 


CRO 


Crop'sey,  a  post-village  of  McLean  co.,  111.,  29  miles 
by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Bloom  ington.  It  has  a  church  and  an 
academy.     Pop.  130. 

CropseV)  a  post-hamlet  of  Gage  co.,  Neb.,  about  28 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Lincoln.     It  has  a  church. 

Crop'seyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  llensselaer  co.,  N.Y., 
7  miles  E.N.E.  of  Troy. 

Crop'well,  a  post-village  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Ala.,  about 
90  miles  N.  of  Montgomery.     It  has  .3  stores. 

Crop'well-But'ier,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  and  7 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Nottingham.     Pop.  608. 

Croque,  krok,  a  settlement  on  the  French  shore,  New- 
foundland, 65  miles  from  La  Scie.  It  is  the  headquarters 
of  the  French  during  the  fishing-season,  and  the  coaling- 
depot  of  the  French  steamers  stationed  on  the  coast. 

Crosby,  kroz'be,  a  county  of  Texas,  in  the  N.W.  part 
of  the  state.     Area,  900  square  miles.     Capital,  Estacado. 

Crosby,  a  post-hnmlet  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  7  miles  by 
rail  (Bowen  Station)  S.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  a  church, 
a  saw-mill,  <fco.     Pop,  100. 

Crosby,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harris  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  South- 
ern Pacific  Railroad,  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Houston. 

Cros'by  Gar'ret,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  West- 
moreland, 3  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Kirkby-Stephen,  in  a  pictu- 
resque vale  at  the  foot  of  Crosby-Pell.    Pop.  of  parish,  643. 

Crosby's  Corners,  Ontario.    See  Cashel. 

Crosbyville,  kroz'be-vil,  a  post-office,  Chester  co.,  S.C. 

Cross,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Arkansas,  has  an 
area  of  about  650  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
St.  Francis  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  mostly 
covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  produces  cotton  and  Indian 
corn.  Capital,  Wittsburg.  Pop.  in  1870,  3915;  in  1880, 
6050 ;  in  1890,  7693. 

Cross,  a  post-hamlet  of  Concordia  parish,  La.,  3  miles 
S.W.  of  Vidalia.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Cross,  a  station  in  Erie  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Erie  &  Pitts- 
burg Railroad,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Erie. 

Cros'sakeeP,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Meatb,  6  miles 
S.W.  by  AV.  of  Kells. 

Cross  Anchor,  angk'or,  a  post-township  of  Spartan- 
burg CO.,  S.C,  75  miles  N.AV.  of  Columbia.  It  has  4  churches. 
It  is  drained  by  the  Ennoree  and  Tiger  Rivers.     Pop.  1833. 

Cross  Anchor,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  Tcnn. 

Cross  Bridge,  a  hamlet  of  Maury  co.,  Tenn.,  10  miles 
W.  of  Columbia.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  steam 
■aw-mill. 

Cross  Canal,  ka-nal',  a  post-office  and  shipping-point 
of  Camden  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  Dismal  Swamp  Canal,  24  miles 
S.  of  Norfolk,  Va. 

Cross  Creek,  Kansas,  drains  part  of  Jackson  co.,  runs 
southward,  and  enters  the  Kansas  River  in  the  W.  part  of 
Shawnee  co. 

Cross  Creek,  Ohio,  runs  eastward  through  Jefferson 
CO.,  and  enters  the  Ohio  River  4  miles  below  Steubenville. 

Cross  Creek,  a  station  of  Tulare  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Visalia  division  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  16  miles 
N.W.  of  Tulare. 

Cross  Creek,  a  township  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  147,  exclusive  of  Fayetteville. 

Cross  Creek,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  0.  Pop. 
1800.     It  includes  New  Alexandria  and  Wintersvillo. 

Cross  Creek,  a  township  of  Washington  co..  Pa.  P. 
1034.    It  contains  Cross  Creek  Village,  and  has  coal-bods. 

Cross  Creek  Village,  a  post-village  of  Washington 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Cross  Creek  township,  about  28  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  church  and  3  stores. 

Cross  Cut,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co.,  Pa.,  is  at  the 
village  of  Mahoning. 

Crossen,  or  Krossen,  kros's^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Brandenburg,  on  a  railway,  32  miles  S.E.  of  Frankfort,  at 
the  confluence  of  the  Bober  with  the  Oder.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  woollen  cloth  and  hosiery,  tanneries,  and  dis- 
tilleries.    It  is  walled,  and  has  an  old  citadel.     Pop.  6786. 

CrosS"FelI,  a  mountain  of  England,  co.  of  Cumber- 
land, 11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Penrith.     Elevation,  2901  feet. 

Cross'ford,  a  village  of  Scotland,  oo.  of  Fife,  2i  miles 
AV.  of  Dunfermline.     Pop.  363. 

Cross'gar,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Down,  5  miles 
N.AV.  of  Downpatriek.     Pop.  688. 

Cross'gates,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife,  at  a 
railway  junction,  3i  miles  E.  of  Dunfermline.     Pop.  1181. 
Cross^ha'ven,  a  village  and  harbor  of  Ireland,  co. 
and  10  miles  S.E.  of  Cork.     Pop.  338. 

Cross^hill',  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  a  southern  suburb  of 
Glasgow.     Pop.  3250. 

Cross  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Kennebec  co..  Me. 

Cros  i  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Laurens 


CO.,  S.C,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Laurens  Courf-IIouse,  and  14 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Clinton.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  high 
school.     Pop.  216;  of  the  township,  2973. 

Crossbill,  a  post-village  in  AVaterloo  co.,  Ontario,  16 
miles  N.W.  of  Berlin.    It  has  2  stores  and  2  hotels.    P.  150. 

Cross'ington,  a  post-village  of  Garland  co..  Ark.,  7 
miles  from  Hot  Springs.     It  has  a  church. 

Cross'ingville,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co..  Pa., 
about  14  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Meadville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Cross  Junc'tion,  a  post-office  of  Frederick  co.,  A'a. 

Cross  Keys,  keez,  a  hamlet  of  Macon  co.,  Ala.,  about 
24  miles  E.  of  Montgomery.  It  has  a  church  and  a  steam 
cotton-gin. 

Cross  Keys,  a  post-hamlet  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ga.,  9 
miles  N.E.  of  Atlanta,  on  the  Atlanta  &  Richmond  Air- 
Line  Railroad.     It  has  2  churches. 

Cross  Keys,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Monroe  township,  about  18  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Camden,  and 
3  miles  N.AV.  of  Williamstown.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
steam  saw-mill. 

Cross  Keys,  a  post-township  of  Union  co.,  S.C,  12 
miles  from  the  village  of  Union,  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by 
the  Ennoree  River.     It  has  6  churches.     Pop.  1349. 

Cross  Keys,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co.,  Va., 
about  8  miles  S.  of  Harrisonburg,  and  19  miles  N.E.  of 
Staunton.  It  has  a  church.  An  indecisive  battle  was 
fought  here  between  General  Fremont  and  General  Jack- 
son, June  8,  1862. 

Cross  Kill  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  in 
Bethel  township,  about  22  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Reading.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  &c. 

Cross  Lake,  Louisiana,  is  in  Caddo  parish,  and  com- 
municates with  Soda  Lake.  It  is  nearly  14  miles  long,  and 
3  miles  or  more  wide.  Shroveport  is  situated  at  the  E.  end 
of  this  lake,  which  is  about  a  mile  from  Red  River. 

Cross  Lake,  New  York,  is  on  the  boundary  between 
the  counties  of  Cayuga  and  Onondaga,  nearly  14  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Auburn.  It  is  about  4  miles  long.  The  Seneca 
River  runs  through  this  lake. 

Cross  (or  La  Crosse,  li  kross)  Lake,  in  British 
North  America,  60  miles  in  length  from  N.  to  S.,  receives 
the  Beaver,  and  gives  origin  to  the  Churchill.  On  its  W. 
side  is  Fort  La  Crosse,  lat.  55°  20'  N.,  Ion.  108°  AV. 

Cross  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Caddo  parish.  La. 

Cross'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calloway  co.,  Ky.,  16 
miles  N.  of  Paris,  Tenn. 

Cross^maglen',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Armagh,  10 
miles  N.AV.  of  Dundalk.     Pop.  649. 

Crossmolina,  kross*mo-le-ni',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co. 
of  Mayo,  on  the  Deel,  6i  miles  S.W.  of  Ballina.     Pop.  852. 

Cross  Plains,  a  post-village  of  Calhoun  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Selma,  Rome  &  Dalton  Railroad,  154  miles  N.E.  of 
Selma,  and  60  miles  S.AV.  of  Rome.     It  has  2  churches. 

Cross  Plains,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sangamon  co.,  111.,  8 
miles  N.AV.  of  Springfield.     It  has  a  district  school. 

Cross  Plains,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ripley  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Brown  township,  about  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Madison.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Cross  Plains,  a  post-villoge  of  Robertson  co.,  Tenn., 
28  miles  N.  of  Nashville,  and  11  miles  E.  of  Springfield. 
It  contains  a  church,  a  roller-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Cross  Plains,  a  post-village  of  Callahan  co.,  Tex.,  22 
miles  S.E.  of  Baird.     It  has  a  public  school. 

Cross  Plains,  a  post-village  of  Dane  co.,  AVis.,  15 
miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Madison.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  harness-factory,  district  schools,  a  cath- 
olic seminary,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  I'an- 
ning-mills.     Pop.  350. 

Cross  Point,  a  post-village  in  Bonaventure  co.,  Que- 
bec, at  the  head  of  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  on  the  N.  shore  of 
the  Restigouche  River,  opposite  Campbellton,  New  Brunc- 
wick.  It  is  the  head-quarters  of  the  Mic  Mao  Indians. 
Salmon  abound  in  the  waters  here,  and  ships  load  with 
timber  for  export.  The  Intercolonial  Railway  crosses  the 
Restigouche  near  Cross  Point.     Pop.  150. 

Cross  River,  Guinea.     See  Calabar. 

Cross  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westchester  co.,  N.T., 
in  Lewisborough  township,  5  miles  E.  of  Katonah. 

Cross  Roads,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  Ind.,  11 
miles  S.W.  of  Muncie.  It  has  a  church  and  a  common 
school.     Pop.  100. 

Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Charles  co.,  Md. 

Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Miss.,  35 
miles  N.  of  Scranton. 

Cross  Roads,  a  village  of  Dade  co..  Mo.,  in  Rock 
Prairie  township,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  pottery,  a  drug-store,  and  2  other  stores. 


CRO 


080 


CRO 


Croat  Roadtt  r  hamlet  of  Burlington  oo.,  N.J.,  in 
Medfoixl  township,  i  mile  from  Williins  lUilroad  SUition. 
Cross  Roads,  a  township  of  Wilson  oo.,  N.C.     P.  0tf4. 

Cross  KoadSf  »  station  in  Jaclison  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ma- 
risua  Jt  Cincinnati  Railroad,  10  mites  S.  by  £.  from  Jack- 
son, th«  county  seat. 

Cross  Roads*-  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  0.,  is  at 
Uidway,  a  hamlet  11  miles  S.  of  London. 

Cross  Roads*  a  station  in  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Summit  Branch  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Millersburg. 

Cross  Roads*  a  poet-hamlet  of  York  oo..  Pa.,  near  the 
Peach  Bottom  lUilroad,  14  miles  S.8.E.  of  York.  It  has  12 
houses. 

Cross  Roads,  a  post-borough  of  Warren  oo.,  Tenn.,  6 
miles  N.  bv  K.  of  Minnvillc.     It  bos  a  church. 

Cross  Koads,  a  post-hamlet  of  Halifax  co.,  Vr.,  12 
miles  from  Clover  Depot.  There  are  several  churches  near  it. 

Cross  Roads,  »  post-office  of  Monongalia  co.,  W.  Va. 

Cross  Roads,  Ontario.    See  Virgil. 

Cross  Ronds  Church,  a  post-ofiiceof  Yadkin  co.,  N.C. 

Cross  Rock,  a  poet-office  of  Madison  co.,  N.C. 

Cross  Sonnd,  in  Alaska,  separates  King  George  III. 
Archipelago,  towards  the  N.W.,  from  the  mainland.  Cross 
Cape  is  at  its  S.W.  entrance. 

Cross  Tim'bers,  a  post-village  of  Hickory  co..  Mo., 
about  56  miles  N.  of  Springfield.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  lead  and  cine  mines. 
Pop.  about  400;  of  the  township,  1536. 

Cross  Trails,  a  post-office  of  Coffee  co.,  Ala. 

Crossun'tic,  a  station  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  60  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Bangor. 

Cross  Vil'lage,  apost-hamlctof  Emmettco.,  Mich.,  on 
Lake  Michigan,  20  miles  N.  of  Petoskey.  It  has  .3  churches 
and  2  saw-mills,  and  is  the  scat  of  Catholic  Indian  schools 
and  of  a  house  of  Franciscan  tertiarios. 

Cross'ville,  a  post-office  of  Do  Kalb  co.,  Ala. 

Crossville,  a  post-village  of  White  co.,  111.,  7  miles  by 
rail  N.E.  of  Carmi.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  public  school. 

Crossville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cumberland  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Cumberland  Mountain  or  table-land,  about 
70  miles  W.  of  Knoxville.  It  has  a  court-bouse,  2  churches, 
2  newspaper  offices,  coal-mines,  and  manufactures  of  brick 
and  cigars.     Pop.  in  1890,  266. 

Cross'wicks,  a  post-village  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J., 
in  Chesterfield  township,  on  Crosswicks  Creek,  4  miles  E. 
of  Bordentown,  and  9  miles  S.E.  of  Trenton.  It  has  4 
churches,  several  stores,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  Ac. 

Crosswicks  Creek,  New  Jersey,  runs  nearly  west- 
ward, forms  the  boundary  between  Burlington  and  Mercer 
COS.,  and  enters  the  Delaware  5  miles  below  Trenton. 

Cros'well,  a  post-village  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mich.,  26  miles 
by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Port  Huron.  It  has  6  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  active  manufactures.     Pop.  in  1890,  604. 

Crotch'er's  Ferry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dorchester  co., 
Md.,  on  an  affluent  of  Nanticoke  River,  about  20  miles  E. 
of  Cambridge.  It  has  a  steam  saw-mill  and  a  manufactory 
of  peach-baskets. 

Crothersville,  krurn'^rz-vll,  a  post-village  of  Jackson 
CO.,  Ind.,  in  Vernon  township,  on  Graham's  Fork,  or  Mus- 
oatatuck  River,  and  on  the  Jefferson vi lie,  Madison  A  In- 
dianapolis Railroad,  30  miles  S.  of  Columbus.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  saw-mill,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  699. 

Cro'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Des 
Moines  River,  and  on  the  Keokuk  A  Des  Moines  Railroad, 
25  miles  N.W.  of  Keokuk.     It  has  a  church. 

Croton,  a  post-village  of  Newaygo  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Muskegon  River,  in  Croton  township,  8  miles  E.  of  Ne- 
waygo, and  about  32  miles  N.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  bank,  a  money -order  post-office,  and  grist-mills 
aftd  saw-mills.     Pop.  about  250  ;  of  the  township,  680. 

Croton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  4  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Flemington.     It  has  a  church. 

Croton,  a  post- village  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Frank- 
lin township,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Delhi,  and  about  72  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Albany.  It  hafi  2  churches  and  a  graded  school. 
Pop.  about  250. 

Croton,  a  station  in  Schnyler  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Northern 
Central  Railroad,  15  miles  N.  of  Elmira. 

Croton,  or  Croton  Landing,  a  post-village  of 
Westchester  co..  New  York,  in  Cortlandt  township,  on  the 
Hudson  River,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Croton,  and  on  the 
Hudson  River  Railroad,  34  miles  N.  of  New  York.  It  has 
2  or  S  churches,  2  brick-yards,  and  a  machine-shop.  Pop. 
about  1000.    The  name  of  the  post-office  is  Croton  Landing. 

Croton,  a  post-office  of  Licking  oo.,  0.  See  Hartforo. 
-  Crotona,  Italy.    See  Cotrone. 

Cro'ton  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y., 


in  North  Salem  townthip,  on  Croton  River,  and  on  the  New 
York  A  Harlem  Hailroiid,  48  miles  N.  by  E.  from  New 
York.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  600. 

Croton  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y., 
9  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Baldwin  Place.     It  has  a  church. 

Croton  River,  New  York,  rises  in  Dutchess  co.,  runs 
southward  through  Putnam  co.,  and  southwestward  In  West- 
chester 00.  It  enters  the  Hudson  River  I  or  2  miles  above 
Sing  Sing  and  33  miles  N.  of  the  city  of  New  York,  after  a 
course  of  nearly  60  miles.  The  city  of  New  York  derives 
a  supply  of  good  water  from  this  river. 

Crotty,  Illinois.     See  Seneca. 

Cronlin  (kroo'lin)  Isles,  a  group  in  Scotland,  off  the 
W.  coast  of  Ross-shire,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Loohcarron. 

Crounse,  kriiwnss,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co..  Neb, 

Cronse's  (krCw'g?z)  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Union  Vale  township. 

Crow,  kr5,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lane  co.,  Oregon,  15  miles 
W.  of  Eugene  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Crow  Agency,  a  post-office  in  the  Indian  Reservation, 
Montana,  about  62  miles  S.E.  of  Billings.  It  has  a  church 
and  government  schools. 

Crow  Creek,  Weld  co.,  Col.,  runs  southward,  and  enters 
the  South  Fork  of  the  Platto  10  miles  E.  of  Evans. 

Crow  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Buffalo  co.,  S.D.,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  175  miles  N.W.  of  Yankton.  Hero  is  an 
Indian  Reservation  and  agency.    It  has  several  churches. 

Crowder's  (krO'd^rz)  Creek  rises  in  Gaston  co.,  N.C, 
runs  southeastward,  and  enters  the  Catawba  in  York  co.,  S.C. 

Crowder's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Gaston  co.,N.C. 

Cro'well,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dodge  co..  Neb.,  29  miles 
by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Fremont.     It  has  a  church. 

Crowell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Humphreys  co.,  Tenn.,  9 
miles  S.E.  of  Wavcrly. 

Crowfoot,  kro'fOot,  a  hamlet  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J., 
in  Evesham  township,  2  miles  from  Atco  Station. 

Crow  Indians  (called  by  themselves  Upsaroka  or  Ab- 
taroka).  a  tribe  of  Indians  living  in  Montana,  in  the  valley 
of  the  Yellowstone.  They  are  hereditary  enemies  of  the 
Sioux,  or  Dakotas,  but  are  believed,  on  linguistic  grounds, 
to  be  of  the  Dakota  stock. 

Crow  Lake,  a  post-township  of  Stearns  co.,  Minn. 

Crow  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jerauld  co.,  S.D.,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Wessington  Springs.    It  has  a  common  school. 

Crowland,  a  town  of  England.     See  Croyland. 

Crowlandville,  or  Cook's  Mills,  a  post-village  in 
Welland  co.,  Ontario,  3  miles  B.  of  AVelland.     Pop.  250. 

Crowle,  krol,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lincoln,  6J 
miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Thorne.     Pop.  of  parish,  3813. 

Crowley,  kro'le,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Ark.,  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Paragould.     It  has  2  churches. 

Crowley,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Arcadia  parish.  La., 
63  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Lake  Charles.  It  has  5  church 
organizations,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  420, 

Crowley,  a  post-village  of  Tarrant  co.,  Tc.k.,  15  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Fort  Worth.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  100. 

Crowley's,  kro'liz,  a  station  in  Androscoggin  co..  Me.,- 
on  the  Androscoggin  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Lew- 
iston  Branch,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Lewiston. 

Crown  City,  a  post-village  of  Gallia  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  20  miles  above  Huntington,  AV.  Va.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Crown  Point,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lake  co.,  Ind.^ 
41  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Chicago.  It  has  a  national  bnnk, 
13  churches,  3  newspaper  offices,  and  a  manufactory  of  sash 
and  blinds.     Pop.  in  1890,  1902. 

Crown  Point,  or  Ham'mond's  Corners,  a  post- 
village  of  Essex  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Lake  Champlain,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  railroad  to  Hammondville,  32  miles  by  rail  N. 
of  Whitehall.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  1  or  2  iron-furnaces,  Ac.  Colonel 
Ethan  Allen  surprised  and  took  a  British  fort  at  Crown 
Point  in  May,  1776.     Pop.  of  the  township,  3135. 

Crown  Point  Centre,  a  post-villnge  of  Essex  co., 
N.Y.,  about  100  miles  N.  of  Albany,  and  3  miles  from  Crown 
Point  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy, 
manufactures  of  leather,  sash  and  blinds,  and  2  grist-mills. 
Crown  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gilliam  co.,  Oregon, 
on  the  E.  bank  of  the  John  Day  River,  about  18  miles 
(direct)  S.W.  of  Condon. 

Crowns'ville,  a  post-village  of  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md.,- 
7  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Annapolis.  It  has  a  church. 
Crow  Place,  Virginia.  See  Crow's. 
Crow  (kr5)  River,  Minnesota,  drains  part  of  Stearns 
CO.,  intersects  Meeker  co.,  and  runs  E.  through  Wright  oO.' 
The  stream  just  described  is  sometimes  called  the  North 
Fork.    The  South  Fork  rises  in  Kandiyohi  co.,  runs  eastward 


CRO 


981 


CRY 


ihrough  McLeod  co.,  and  northeastward  in  Carver  co.  The 
forks  unite  about  10  miles  S.E.  of  Buffalo,  and  the  river 
runs  thence  northeastward,  and  enters  the  Mississippi  River 
about  8  miles  above  Anoka.  This  river,  including  the  North 
Fork,  is  nearly  160  miles  long. 

Crow  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Meeker  co.,  Minn.,  on 
Crow  River,  7  miles  N.  of  Swede  Grove  Railroad  Station. 

Crow's,  or  Hick'man's,  a  station  in  Daviess  co., 
Ky.,  on  the  Owcnsborough  &  Nashville  Railroad,  4  miles  S. 
of  Owcnsborough. 

Crow's,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co.,  Va.,  at  Crow 
Place,  a  summer  resort,  10  miles  from  the  White  Sulphur 
Springs,  and  3  miles  from  Alleghany  Railroad  Station. 

Crow's  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Stanislaus  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  San  Joaquin  River,  15  miles  S.  of  Modesto. 

CroAV's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co..  Pa. 

Crow's  Nest,  a  peak  of  the  Highlands,  is  on  tho  W. 
»lde  of  the  Hudson,  in  Orange  co.,  N.Y. 

Crow  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Chesterfield  co.,  Va. 

Crowville,  kro'vil,  a  hamlet  of  Warrick  co.,  Ind.,  8 
miles  N.E.  of  Booneville.  It  has  a  church  and  a  chair-factory. 

Crowville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  parish.  La.,  IS 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  l)elhi  Station. 

Crow  Wing,  a  county  in  tho  N.  central  part  of  Minne- 
sota.has  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.,  tho  N.W.,  and  the  W.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  is 
partly  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Lake  Mille  Lacs.  Tho  surface 
is  diversified  with  small  lakes  and  forests  ;  the  soil  is  mostly 
fertile,  but  uncultivated.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  the  St.  Paul  and  Dulutb 
Branches  of  which  unite  at  Brainerd,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  200;  in  1875,  1031;  in  1880,  2319;  in  1890,  8852. 

CroAV  Wing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crow  Wing  co.,  Minn., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Crow  Wing 
River,  and  on  the  Western  Railroad  of  Minnesota,  8  miles 
S.W.  of  Brainerd. 

Crow  Wing  River,  Minnesota,  drains  parts  of  Cass  and 
Wadena  cos.,  runs  southward  and  southeastward,  and  enters 
the  Mississippi  River  at  Crow  Wing.     Length,  100  miles. 

Crox'ton,  a  hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  0.,  2  miles  S.  of 
Salineville. 

Croya,  a  town  of  Albania.    See  Croia. 

Croy'don,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  at  a  rail- 
way junction,  lOJ  miles  S.  of  London  Bridge.  The  town  is 
well  built,  and  increasing  in  size:  principal  edifices,  a  hand- 
some parish  church,  various  other  places  of  worship,  tho 
town  hall,  the  poultry  market-house.  Trinity  Hospital,  sev- 
eral almshouses,  a  prison,  water-works,  jail,  union  work- 
house, and  barracks.  Addington  Park,  the  seat  of  tho 
Archbi^op  of  Canterbury,  is  near  Croydon.  Croydon,  alter- 
nately with  Guildford,  is  the  seat  of  the  county  assizes. 
It  is  supposed  to  occupy  the  site  of  the  ancient  Noviom'agus, 
and  near  it  many  remains  of  antiquity  have  been  discovered. 
Pop.  in  1881,  78,811;  in  1891,  102,697. 

Croy'don,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kandiyohi  co.,  Minn.,  12 
miles  S.  of  Willmar.     It  has  a  church. 

Croydon,  a  post-township  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.H.,  about 
10  miles  N.E.  of  Claremont.  Pop.  652.  Here  is  Croydon 
Mountain,  which  is  about  2800  feet  high, 

Croydon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  Utah,  8  miles 
N.W.  of  Echo  Station,  and  i  mile  from  the  Union  Pacific 
Railroad.     It  has  a  church. 

Croydon,  a  post-village  in  Addington  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Salmon  River,  15  miles  N.  of  Napanee.     Pop.  100. 

Croydon  Flat,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.  N.H.,  in 
Croydon  township,  4  miles  N.  of  Newport.  It  has  a  lum- 
ber-mill. 

Croy'land,  or  Crow'land,  an  ancient  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  Lincoln,  on  the  river  Welland,  here  crossed  by 
a  bridge  built  in  the  time  of  Edward  II.  and  much  admired 
by  antiquaries,  14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Stamford.  It  is  cele- 
brated for  the  ruins  of  its  once  splendid  abbey,  founded  in 
716,  out  of  the  remains  of  which  a  church  has  been  con- 
structed.    Pop.  2459. 

Croyle,  kroil,  a  township  of  Cambria  co..  Pa.,  traversed 
by  tho  Pennsylvania  Railroad.     Pop.  886. 

Cro^zet',  a  post-office  and  station  of  Albemarle  oo.,Va., 
on  the  Chesapeake  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  13  miles  W.  of  Char- 
lottesville.    It  has  2  churches  near  it. 

Crozet  (kro^zi')  Islands,  a  group  of  four  small,  unin- 
habited islands  in  the  Indian  Ocean,  between  Kerguelen 
and  Prince  Edward  Islands.  The  easternmost,  called  East 
Island,  is  about  lat.  46°  27'  S.,  Ion.  52°  14'  E. 

Cro'zier,  a  post-office  of  Buena  Vista  co.,  Iowa. 

Crozier,  a  station  in  Johnson  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Kan- 
IM  Midland  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  De  Soto. 

Crozon,  kro'z6s"',  a  town  of  France,  in  FinistSre,  25 


miles  N.W.  of  Quimper,  on  a  peninsula  S.  of  Brest  Rcad& 
Pop.  8946,  chiefly  supported  by  navigation  and  fishing. 

Crozon,  a  village  of  France,  in  Indre,  6  miles  S.W.  uf 
La  Chatre.     Pop.  1082. 

Cruachan,  Scotland.    See  Ben  Cruachan. 

Cruces,  kroo'sfis,  a  village  of  the  United  States  04 
Colombia,  on  the  Isthmus,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Panama. 
Boats  ascend  the  Chagres  River  to  this  point.  In  1760  it 
was  sacked  and  burned  by  Morgan,  the  English  pirate. 

Crnger,  kroo'gh^r,  a  post-village  of  Woodford  co..  111., 
on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  <fc  Warsaw  Railroad  and  the  Chicago, 
Pekin  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  2  miles  W.  of  Eureka,  and 
25  miles  E.  of  Peoria. 

Cruger,  a  hamlet  of  New  York.     See  Boscobel. 

Crug-Hywell,  a  town  of  Wales.    See  Ckickhowell. 

Cruiksliank,  krSok'shank,  a  post-village  in  Grey  co., 
Ontario,  6  miles  W.  of  Owen  Sound.     Pop.  100. 

Cru'it  Island,  Ireland,  co.  of  Donegal,  is  in  the  Atlan- 
tic, 6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Dunglow.     Length,  2  miles. 

Crum  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Chester  co.,  run* 
southeastward  through  Delaware  co.,  and  enters  the  Dela- 
ware River  nearly  2  miles  above  the  city  of  Chester. 

Crum  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  N.Y.,  5 
miles  N.  of  St.  Johnsville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Crum  El'bow,  a  post-office  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y'. 

Crum'lin,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Antrim,  12  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Belfast.    Pop.  465. 

Crum  liynne,  lin,  a  station  in  Delaware  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  &,  Baltimore  Railroad,  11 
miles  S.W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Crum'mock-Water,  a  lake  of  England,  co.  of  Cum- 
berland, between  Buttermere  and  Lowes-Water.  Length, 
4  miles.  The  Cocker  carries  its  superfluous  waters  to  tho 
Derwent.    The  surrounding  mountain-scenery  is  beautiful. 

Crump'sall,  or  Crum'sall,  a  town  of  England,  in 
Lancashire,  3  miles  N.  of  Manchester.     Pop.  5342. 

Crump's  Bottom,  a  post-hamlet  of  Summers  co., 
W.  Va.,  on  New  River,  12  miles  S.  of  Hinton.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Crump'ton,  a  post-village  of  Queen  Anne  co.,  Md.,  on 
Chester  River,  40  miles  E.  of  Baltimore.    It  has  2  churchea> 

Crums'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Chicago  &  Lake  Huron  Railroad,  9  miles  S.W.  of  South 
Bend.     Its  station  is  named  Crum's  Point. 

Crutch'lield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  Ky.,  at  Alex- 
ander Station,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Clinton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Crux  Bay,  a  hamlet  and  port  of  the  West  Indies,  cap- 
ital of  the  Danish  island  of  St.  John.     Pop.  99. 

Cruybeke,  kroy'bd,-k9h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Antwerp. 

Cruyshautem,  krois^hiu'tfim,  a  village  of  Belgium, 
in  East  Flanders,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Ghent.  Linen-weaving 
is  the  chief  employment.  Near  the  centre  of  the  commune 
is  an  ancient  castle.     Pop.  6320. 

Crys'ler,  a  post-village  in  Stormont  co.,  Ontario,  22 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Dickinson's  Landing.     Pop.  150. 

Crys'tal,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa,  in  Crystal 
township,  about  70  miles  E.N.E.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  616. 

Crystal,  a  post-township  of  Aroostook  00.,  Me.,  33 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Houlton.     Pop.  250. 

Crystal,  a  post-village  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.,  in  Crys- 
tal township,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Stanton,  and  about  45  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Lansing.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  2 
lumber-mills.     Pop.  about  200;  of  the  township,  1344. 

Crystal,  a  township  of  Oceana  CO.,  Mich.  Pop.  750.  It 
contains  Crystal  Valley. 

Crystal,  a  post-village  of  Hennepin  co.,  Minn.,  7  miles 
by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Minneapolis.  It  has  3  churches,  car- 
works,  a  college,  <fcc.     Pop.  in  1890,  1074. 

Crystal,  a  post-village  of  Pembina  co.,  N.D.,  18  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Grafton.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and  a 
newspaper  office.    Pop.  500.  • 

Crystal  City,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Mo.,  ia 
near  the  Mississippi  River,  and  3i  miles  from  Bailey  Sta- 
tion.   It  has  2  churches  and  a  manufactory  of  plate-glass. 

Crystal  Falls,  a  series  of  beautiful  cataracts  on  Cas- 
cade Creek,  in  Montana.  The  creek  enters  the  Yellowstone 
River  from  the  left,  below  the  upper  falls  of  the  latter 
stream,  and  the  principal  falls  on  Cascade  Creek  are  one 
mile  above  its  mouth.  Here  are  three  falls,  which  together 
measure  129  feet  in  the  perpendicular. 

Crystal  Falls,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Iron  co.,  Mich., 
81  miles  by  rail  AV.N.W.  of  Escanaba.  It  has  a  newspaper 
office  and  iron-mines.     Pop.  800. 

Crystal  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stephens  co.,  Tex., 
on  Clear  Fork  of  Brazos  River,  110  miles  W.  of  Fort  Worth. 


CRY 


962 


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Crystal  Lake,  »  pott-Tillajr*  of  MoHenry  oo.,  III.,  U 
milM  8.W.  of  CrrsUl  L«k«  Sution  on  the  Chicago  A 
NorthwMUni  Railroad,  and  9  miles  S.E.  of  Woodstock. 
It  baa  6  churches,  graded  schools,  18  large  ice-houses, 
manuraoturea  of  wagons,  and  several  stores  and  other  busi- 
ness hoosea.  Sluehlce  is  stored  and  shipped  here.  Pop.  in 
1890,  781.    Here  is  a  small  lake  of  the  snme  name 

Crystal  Lake,  a  hamlet  of  Uanoock  co.,  Iowa,  on  a 
•ranll  lako,  10  mites  N.  of  Britt  Railroad  Station. 

Crystal  Lake*  a  township  of  Benzio  co.,  Mich., 
boundod  K.  in  part  by  J^ako  Crystal,  and  W.  by  Lako 
Michigan.     Pop.  803.     It  contains  Frankfort. 

Crystal  Lnkc,  a  township  of  Hennepin  co.,  Minn., 
boundod  £.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  contiguous  to 
Minneapolis  northward.     Pop.  796.     See  Lake  Crystal. 

CryHtal  Lakc^  a  station  in  Borgon  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Now  Jorcoy  Midland  Railroad,  lU  miles  N.  of  Paterson. 

Crystal  Lake,  township,  ]\Inrquetto  co..  Wis.    P.  714. 

Crystal  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waupaca  co..  Wis., 
in  Dayton  township,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Waupaca.  It  has  a 
ehureh. 

Crystal  Peak,  a  hamlet  of  Sierra  co.,  Cal.,  1  mile 
fh)m  Verdi  Railroad  Station,  and  30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Vir- 
ginia City,  Ner.  It  has  a  church  and  a  hotel.  It  is  mainly 
supported  by  the  lumber-business. 

Crystal  Kiver,  a  post-villnge  of  Citrus  oo.,  Fla.,  39 
miles  by  rail  S.AV.  of  Ocala.  It  has  3  churches,  a  pencil- 
mill,  and  a  pnlmetto-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  208. 

Crystal  Spring,  a  post-office  and  water-cure  of  Yates 
CO.,  N.Y.  about  30  miles  N.  of  Corning. 

Crystal  Spring,  Stark  co.,  0.,    See  Millport. 

Crystal  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Floyd  co.,  Oa.,  13 
miles  N.W.  of  Rome.    It  has  a  church. 

Crystal  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Copiah  co..  Miss., 
on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad,  158 
miles  N.  of  New  Orleans,  and  25  miles  S.S.W.  of  Jackson. 
It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded 
high  school,  Ae.     Pop.  in  1890,  997. 

Crystal  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Oceana  co.,  Mich., 
in  Crystal  township,  10  miles  £.  of  Pentwater.  It  has  2 
churches  and  2  lumber-mills. 

Csaba,  ch5b'6h*,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  7  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Bekes,  at  a  railway  junction.  It  has  an  exten- 
sive trade  in  corn,  cattle,  fruit,  wine,  hemp,  and  flax.  Pop. 
30,022. 

Csacza,  ch6t's6h\  or  Csattcza,  a  town  of  Hungary, 
15  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Szolna,  on  the  S.  slope  of  Mount 
Jablunknu  and  the  right  bank  of  the  Kiszucza.     Pop.  3523. 

Csaikisten,  chi-ki8't£n\  or  Batailions  District, 
bi-tll-y6ns'  dis'trikt,  a  district  of  Hungary,  in  Military 
Slavonia,  on  the  angle  formed  by  the  Danube  and  the 
Theiss.     Area,  3i0  square  miles.     Pop.  34,358. 

Csakathurm,  cD&'k&-tooRm\  Csakvar,  ch&kVaR', 
or  Tsaktornya,  tsik-toRn'y&,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Szalad,  on  a  railway,  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Warasdin,  on  the 
Tarnova.     Its  castle  is  now  a  sugar-refinery.     Pop.  2384. 

Csakova,  ch6h'koS'6h\  a  town  of  Hungary,  on  the 
Temes,  18  miles  S.  of  Temesvar.     Pop.  4360. 

Csakvar,  chik' van',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Stuhl- 
weissenburg,  27  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Buda,  with  a  castle  and  a 
Protestant  church.     Pop.  4471. 

Csallokoz,  an  island  of  Hungary.   See  ScHi^rT,  Great. 

Csanad,  chSh'nM',  a  town  of  Eastern  Hungary,  capi- 
tal of  the  county,  44  miles  N.  of  Temesvar,  on  the  Maros. 
It  is  a  bishop's  see.  Pop.  4013.  The  county  has  an  area 
of  699  square  miles.     Pop.  94,658. 

Csantaver,  chSn'toh'vain',  a  village  of  Hungary,  oo. 
of  Bdcs,  about  16  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Zcnta.     Pop.  4725. 

Csany,  or  Tsany,  cb&ii,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Heves,  3  miles  from  Hatvan.     Pop.  3040. 

Csaszar,  chSs^san',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Komorn, 
8  miles  from  Dotis.     Pop.  2308. 

Csatad,  ch6h'tS.d',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Torontal, 
15  miles  E.  of  Nagy-Kikinda.     Pop.  3122. 

Csath,  Csat,  or  Csatt,  chit,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co. 
of  Borsod,  13  miles  from  Miskolcz.     Pop.  4979. 

Csatsak,  or  Tsatsak,  chi'chik',  a  town  of  Servia, 
on  the  Morava,  90  miles  S.  of  Belgrade.  It  is  the  see  of  a 
Greek  bishop. 

Csattcza,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Csacza. 

Cseb,  chfib,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Bdcs,  3  miles 
from  Palanka.     Pop.  2494. 

Csepel,  or  Tsepel,  ch4'p4r,  a  river-island  of  Hun- 
gary, immediately  S.  of  Pesth,  formed  by  the  Danube. 
Length,  30  miles. 

Cserrenka,  chJnVJn'kSh^  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Bfics,  10  miles  I'rom  Zombor.     Pop.  6877. 


Csetnek,  chAt'nlk',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Giimoi 
and  Kis-Hont,  8  miles  W.  of  Rosenau.     Pop.  1800. 

Csik,  chik,  a  county  of  Hungary,  in  the  S.U.  of  Tran- 
sylvania, bounded  on  the  E.  by  Ruumania.  Area,  1574 
square  miles.  It  is  a  very  mountainous  region.  Capital, 
Csik-Sereda.     Pop.  107,285. 

Csik'Sereda,  ohIk-8hfi'n5h'dfih\  a  town  of  Hungary, 
capital  of  the  county  of  Csik,  about  50  miles  N.  by  K.  of 
Kronstadt.     Pop.  960. 

Csoka,  chu  k5h\  a  town  of  Hungary,  about  5  miles 
from  Tiiriik  Kanisa,  on  the  Theiss.     Pop.  2841. 

Csongrad,  chon^griVd',  a  town  of  Hungary,  in  the  county 
of  the  same  name,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Theiss  and  the 
KSrSs,  70  miles  S.E.  of  Buda-Pesth.     Pop.  17,356. 

Csongrad,  a  county  of  Hungary,  traversed  by  the 
Theiss,  and  consisting  largely  of  plains,  often  marshy  and 
unhealthy,  but  very  fertile.  Area,  1313  square  miles.  Capi- 
tal, Szegodin.     Pop.  225,000. 

Csorna,  choR'n6h\  a  town  of  Western  Hungary,  30 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Oedenburg.  It  is  surroundod  by  gardens, 
and  bos  a  Benedictine  abbey  built  in  1180.     Pop.  4853. 

Csurgo,  chooB'go,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Somogy, 
about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Nagy  Kanisa. 

Ctesiphon,  an  ancient  city.     See  Modaik. 

Cua,  koo'il,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  state  of  Bolivar,  on 
the  river  Tuy,  about  45  miles  S.  of  Caracas.  It  is  the  com- 
mercial centre  of  a  large  district.     Pop.  8808. 

Cufyiniqualpa,  kwiL-He-ne-kw&l'p&,  a  town  of  Cen- 
tral America,  state  of  Guatemala,  and  the  largest  between 
the  city  of  Guatemala  and  Sonsonate.     Pop.  3000. 

Cuama,  a  river  of  Africa.     See  Zambezi. 

Cuautlay-Amilpas,  kw<5wt-li'-&-mecrpJls,  a  town 
of  Mexico,  state  and  70  miles  S.W.  of  Puebla. 

Cuba,  ku'ba  (Sp.  pron.  koo'bi),  an  island  in  the  Carib- 
bean Sea,  belonging  to  Spain,  the  largest  of  the  West  Indian 
group,  and  the  most  important  of  all  the  Spanish  colonial 
possessions,  is  situated  at  the  mouth  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico, 
130  miles  S.  of  Florida,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the 
Florida  Strait.  On  the  E.  it  is  separated  from  Hayti  by 
the  Windward  Passage,  48  miles  wide;  on  the  S.,  from 
Jamaica,  by  a  portion  of  the  Caribbean  Sea,  90  miles  across; 
and  on  the  W.,  from  Yucatan,  by  the  Yucatan  Channel,  130 
miles  wide.  It  is  about  a  third  larger  than  Hayti,  and 
nearly  five  times  the  size  of  Jamaica.  It  extends  from  Ion. 
74°  to  near  85°  W.,  and  is  650  miles  in  length  from  E. 
to  W.;  greatest  breadth,  at  Cape  Cruz,  110  miles;  average 
width,  from  50  to  60  miles,  while  towards  its  W.  extremity 
it  does  not  exceed  30  miles.  The  extreme  E.  end  of  the 
island,  Cape  Maysi,  is  in  lat.  20°  15'  N.,  Ion.  74°  7'  W.;  the 
W.,  Cape  San  Antonio,  in  lat.  21°  15'  N.,  Ion.  84°  §7'  12" 
W.;  and  the  island  extends  from  lat.  19°  50'  to  23°  10'  N. 
Area,  43,319  square  miles.  Coast-line,  exclusive  of  minuter 
sinuosities,  about  2000  miles. 

The  island  is  intersected  longitudinally  by  a  range  of 
mountains,  diminishing  in  height  from  E.  to  W.  At  the 
E.  end,  where  they  are  diflFused  over  nearly  the  entire  sur- 
face, they  attain  their  greatest  elevation,  the  highest  point 
being  the  Pico  Turquino  ("blue  peak"),  7670  feet  nigh. 
From  the  bases  of  these  highlands  the  country  opens  into  ex- 
tensive meadows  and  plains,  with  occasional  low  swampy 
tracts.  Owing  to  the  cavernous  structure  and  great  in- 
clination of  the  limestone  strata  and  the  small  breadth  of 
the  island,  there  are  few  rivers  of  any  magnitude,  and  a 
large  portion  of  the  territory  is  subject  to  severe  droughts. 
Yet  the  undulating  surface  of  the  country,  the  continual 
verdure,  and  the  distribution  of  v,egetable  forms,  give  rise 
to  the  most  varied  and  beautiful  landscapes.  Everywhere 
the  eye  falls  upon  a  mass  of  luxuriant  vegetation.  The 
largest  river  in  Cuba  is  the  Cauto  (kow'to),  at  the  E.  end 
of  the  island,  having  its  sources  in  the  Sierra  del  Cobre,  or 
Copper  Mountains,  and  falling  into  the  Bay  of  Buena 
Esperanza,  after  a  course  of  about  90  miles.  No  other 
stream  is  navigable  except  by  very  small  boats  and  for  a  few 
miles.  The  coasts  of  Cuba  are  in  general  exceedingly  foul, 
presenting  reefs  and  shallows  which  extend  from  2  to  2i 
miles  into  the  sea  and  make  the  approach  both  difficult 
and  dangerous.  Within  these  reefs  there  is  often  a  good 
sandy  beach ;  but  for  the  greater  part  of  the  circumference 
of  the  island  there  is  a  belt  or  zone  of  lowland  very  little 
raised  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  subject  to  floods  and  in- 
undations and  wet  at  all  seasons  of  the  year,  rendering 
communication  between  the  interior  and  the  sea  next  to 
impossible  in  the  rainy  season.  There  are,  however,  good 
harbors  and  bays  on  all  the  coasts,  including  Havana,  onu 
of  the  finest  harbors  in  the  West  Indies.  Some  others  are 
also  excellent,  such  as  Guantanamo,  Santiago  de  Cuba, 
Manzanillo,  and  Bahia  de  Jagua  (or  Xagua),  on  the  S.  coast, 


CUB 


983 


CUB 


IJahia  Honda  and  Puerto  de  Cabanas  on  the  N.W.  coast,  and 
Nipe.  Baracoa  Harbor,  Puerto  Naranjo,  Puerto  del  Padre, 
and  Matanzas  on  the  N.  and  N.E.  coasts. 

The  mountains  on  the  S.E.  part  of  the  island  appear  to 
bave  a  submarine  connection  with  the  heights  of  Hayti  and 
Jamaica;  and  in  this  section  earthquakes  are  frequently 
felt.  The  latest  calcareous  formation  is  entirely  corallife- 
10U3,  goes  on  accumulating  on  all  the  coasts,  and  contains 
numerous  animal  remains.  No  traces  of  volcanic  eruption, 
properly  so  called,  have  hitherto  been  discovered. 

The  mineral  riches  of  Cuba  have  not  yet  been  fully  ex- 
plored. Gold  was  obtained  here  by  early  Spanish  colonists, 
but  very  little  has  been  found  for  two  centuries  past.  Cop- 
per is  more  abundant,  there  being  extensive  mines  of  this 
metiil  in  the  Sierra  del  Cobre.  They  were  wrought  by  the 
Spaniards  at  an  early  period,  but  had  been  abandoned  for  a 
century,  when  they  were  reopened  about  1828.  Mines  of 
alum  and  copperas  were  also  at  one  time  worked  in  the 
mountains  of  Juragua.  Coal  is  abundant,  and  highly  bitu- 
minous, with  little  ash.  A  variegated  serpentine  marble, 
chalcedony,  magnesia,  iron  pyrites,  quartz,  and  feldspar 
Elates  and  schists  have  been  found  in  various  places.  The 
schistose  formation  shows  itself  most  conspicuously  at  the 
base  of  the  mountains  of  San  Juan  and  Trinida-d,  where 
great  masses  of  slate  are  to  be  found,  of  a  dark-blue  color 
and  of  a  pyritous  and  bituminous  quality.  In  the  quarries 
near  Havana  a  thick  slate  is  found,  fit  for  floors  and  pave- 
ments. The  mineral  bitumen  exhibits  itself  in  the  form  of 
petroleum,  issuing  from  the  fissures  of  the  rocks,  sometimes 
soft,  like  wax  or  half-melted  resin.  There  are  mineral 
springs  in  different  parts  of  the  island,  and  on  the  N.  coast 
are  extensive  lagoons,  which,  in  dry  years,  produce  immense 
quantities  of  salt. 

The  climate  is  hot  and  dry  during  the  greater  part  of  the 
year.  The  mean  temperature  is  77°,  but  in  the  interior 
only  7-1:°.  The  hottest  months,  July  and  August,  do  not 
give  a  greater  average  than  87° ;  and  the  coldest,  De- 
cember and  January,  present  the  mean  of  72°.  In  sum- 
mer the  thermometer  seldom  rises  above  82°  or  86°,  and  its 
depression  in  winter  so  low  as  50°  is  rare.  Rain  often 
descends  in  torrents  from  July  to  September,  and  occa- 
sional showers  fall  for  a  month  or  two  before  and  after 
these  periods.  No  snow  is  known  ever  to  fall ;  but  frost 
occurs  occasionally  on  the  highest  mountains.  The  vegeta- 
tion of  Cuba  is  exceedingly  luxuriant.  Forests  of  mahogany, 
ebony,  cedar,  fustic,,  and  other  useful  woods  abound ;  and 
the  fields  are  covered  with  flowers  and  odoriferous  plants. 
The  principal  cereal  cultivated  is  Indian  corn.  Two  crops 
of  it  are  obtained  in  the  year.  Rice  is  also  produced  in 
considerable  quantities,  also  a  little  cotton,  cacao,  and  in- 
digo; but  the  principal  crops  are  sugar,  coffee,  and  tobacco. 
A  considerable  extent  of  country  is  appropriated  to  cattle- 
breeding,  and  to  farms  on  which  are  raised  vegetables, 
maize,  mallochia  grass,  cassava,  onions,  garlic,  poultry,  wax, 
and  honey.  The  principal  fruits  of  the  island  are  oranges, 
pine-apples,  shaddocks,  plantains,  bananas,  melons,  lemons, 
and  sweet  limes ;  figs  and  strawberries  are  also  to  be  had. 

The  most  valuable  domestic  animals  are  the  ox,  horse, 
and  pig,  which  form  a  large  proportion  of  the  wealth  of  the 
island;  the  sheep,  goat,  and  mule  are  Inferior  in  quality 
and  numbers.  The  sylvan  birds  are  numerous  and  in  great 
variety,  but  birds  of  prey  are  few ;  the  principal  is  the  bald- 
headed  vulture,  or  turkey-buzzard.  The  only  indigenous 
quadruped  known  in  Cuba  is  the  hutia,  which  resembles  a 
largo  rat,  about  18  inches  long  without  the  tail.  Snakes 
and  reptiles  are  not  very  numerous.  Deer  are  found,  but 
are  said  to  have  been  introduced.  Phosphorescent  insects 
abound,  as  do  also  those  of  a  noxious  description,  including 
chigres,  ants,  mosquitoes,  and  a  spider  with  a  poisonous 
eting.  There  are  also  centipedes  and  scorpions.  Alliga- 
tors, crocodiles,  and  iguanas  abound. 

Sugar,  coffee,  and  tobacco  form  the  principal  objects  of 
enltivation ;  but  of  these  the  first  is  by  far  the  most  im- 
portant. The  quantity  of  sugar  produced  in  Cuba  per 
acre  is  estimated  at  a  little  more  than  2000  pounds,  being 
somewhat  better  than  Jamaica,  but  greatly  short  of  Bar- 
badoes.  The  coffee-plantations  are  confined  almost  solely 
to  the  N.  side  of  the  island,  the  only  part  where  the  precise 
degree  of  heat  most  favorable  to  the  growth  of  the  plant  is 
to  be  found.  The  best  season  for  planting  the  trees  is  in 
the  middle  of  the  month  of  May ;  the  gathering  commences 
in  August ;  but  November  and  December  are  the  most  active 
and  important  months  of  the  harvest.  The  best  tobacco  is 
grown  in  the  district  of  Vuelta  de  Abajo,  a  little  W.  of 
Havana,  about  84  miles  in  length  and  21  in  breadth;  and 
here  the  mildest  and  finest  flavored  is  produced  on  the 
banks  of  the  San  Sebastian,  most  of  which  la  made  into 


cigars,  celebrated  under  the  name  of  Havana  cigars.  These, 
with  leaf-tobacco,  sugar,  molasses,  honey,  wax,  coffee,  ma- 
hogany and  other  woods,  and  copper  ore,  are  the  only  arti- 
cles of  export.  By  far  the  greater  part  of  the  island  is 
covered  with  dense  forests.  Communication  is  difficult,  ex- 
cept by  the  railroads,  which  extend  about  400  miles  in  the 
aggregate. 

The  dominant  class  has  hitherto  been  the  native  Span- 
iards, who  hold  most  of  the  public  ofiices.  The  planters  are 
generally  of  Spanish  descent.  The  laboring  class  is  com- 
posed in  part  of  the  late  slaves  of  African  blood  and  their 
descendants,  and  in  part  of  Chinese  coolies.  The  Romnn 
Catholic  religion  alone  is  tolerated.  Education  is  in  an  ex- 
ceedingly backward  condition,  and  the  system  of  govern- 
ment has  hitherto  been  of  the  most  illiberal  character.  In 
1868  the  friends  of  Cuban  independence  rose  in  arms,  and 
for  almost  ten  years  carried  on  unrelenting  warfare  with 
the  Spaniards,  the  war  being  chiefly  confined  to  the  eastern 
extremity  of  the  island;  but  in  1878  the  patriots  laid  down 
their  arms,  the  Spanish  authorities  offering  terms  of  great 
liberality  and  promising  great  reforms.  Cuba  is  now  en- 
titled to  representation  in  the  Spanish  cortes  at  Madrid. 
The  seat  of  government  is  at  Havana,  the  principal  city 
and  seaport.  The  governor-captain-general  before  the  re- 
volt possessed  despotic  powers.  Slavery  was  abolished  in 
1886.  The  population  is  about  1,500,000,  of  whom  976,000 
are  Spaniards,  475,000  negroes,  and  50,000  Chinese. 

Cuba,  a  city,  island  of  Cuba.    See  Santiago  de  Cuba. 

Cuba,  koo'bi,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Algarve,  14  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Beja.     Pop.  3721. 

Cu'ba,  a  post-village  of  Fulton  co..  III.,  38  miles  by 
rail  W.S.W.  of  Peoria,  and  about  8  miles  N.  of  Lewistown. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  ofiices,  3  brick-fac- 
tories, and  a  cigar-factory.  Good  coal  is  extensively  mined 
here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1114. 

Cuba,  a  township  of  Lake  co.,  111.  Pop.  970.  See 
BAniiiNGTON  Station. 

Cuba,  a  post-oflBce  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.,  is  at  Santa  Ffi. 

Cuba,  a  post-hamlet  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas,  15  miles 
by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Belleville.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks, 
and  -2  newspaper  oflSces.     Pop.  in  1890,  415. 

Cuba,  a  post-hamlet  of  Graves  co.,  Ky.,  8  miles  from 
the  Paducah  <fc  Memphis  Railroad.     It  has  a  church. 

Cuba  (Cato  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ky.,  1 
mile  from  the  Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad.  It  has  2  stores. 

Cuba,  a  post-office  of  Ouachita  parish,  La.,  on  the  Oua- 
chita River,  19  miles  S.  of  Monroe, 

Cuba,  a  township  of  Becker  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  470. 

Cuba,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  St. 
Louis  &  San  Francisco  Railroad  at  its  junction  with  the  St. 
Louis,  Salem  <fc  Little  Rock  Railroad,  91  miles  S.W.  of  St. 
Louis,  and  9  miles  N.W.  of  Steelville.  It  has  2  or  3  churches, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  planing-mill.     Iron  ore  is  found  here. 

Cuba,  a  post-village  of  Allegany  co.,  N.Y.,  17  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Belmont.  It  has  6  churches,  a  graded  school,  2 
national  banks,  several  cheese-factories,  2  newspaper  offices, 
2  flour- mills,  a  butter-package  factory,  <fcc.     Pop.  1386, 

Cuba,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rutherford  co.,  N.C.,  16  miles 
S.  of  Marion. 

Cuba,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  0.,  in  Washington 
township,  about  44  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  about  150. 

Cuba,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn.,  20  miles  N. 
of  Memphis. 

Cuba  City,  a  post-village  of  Grant  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Galena  &  Southern  Wisconsin  Railroad,  19  miles  N.  of  Ga- 
lena, III.  It  has  2  churches,  a  feed-mill,  and  a  high  school. 
Pop.  about  500. 

Cubagua,  koo-Bi'gwS,,  a  small  island  of  Venezuela,  30 
miles  N.  of  Caracas,  in  the  Caribbean  Sea,  between  Marga- 
rita and  the  mainland. 

Cu'bahat'chee  Creek, Alabama,  runs  northwestward 
through  Macon  co.,  and  enters  the  Tallapoosa  River. 

Cuban,  a  river  of  Caucasus.     See  Kooban. 

Cuba  Station,  a  post-village  of  Sumter  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Alabama  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  15  miles  S.W.  of 
Livingston,  and  21  miles  from  Meridian.  It  has  3  churches, 
plnning-mills,  a  newspaper  office,  an  academy.     Pop.  400. 

Cubcabea,  or  Cubkabia.     See  Coobcabia. 

Cub  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Charlotte  co.,  Va.,  is  at 
Hahrisburg. 

Cubero,  koo-ba'ro,  a  post-village  of  Valencia  co..  New 
Mexico,  72  miles  by  rail  (or  50  miles  direct)  W.  of  Albu- 
querque.    It  has  a  church.     Pop.  418. 

Cub  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md. 

Cublize,  kiibMeez',  a  village  of  France,  in  Rhdne,  on 
the  Rhone,  27  miles  N.W.  of  Lyons,     Pop.  2125. 


CUD 


964 


coil 


Cab  Mountain,  Colorado,  a  peak  in  lat.  30°  32'  10" 
N.,  Ion.  1U6°  SH'  lU"  W.     It  hu  an  allitud«  of  10,623  feet. 

Cub  Run,  a  pott-rillage  of  Hart  oo.,  Ky.,  9  miles  W. 
•f  Munfordvtile.     It  haa  2  churches.     Pop.  nbuut  2iQ. 

Cubsao,  klib^iik',  a  village  of  France,  in  Gironde,  11 
■dlM  N.N.K.  of  llordeaux,  on  the  Durdogne.     Pup.  U76. 

Cucamonga,  koo'k&-moD'gi,  a  post-village  of  San 
Bernardino  co.,  Cal.,  42  milea  by  rail  E.  of  Loa  Angles. 
It  haa  a  oburch  and  a  public  ■oliool.     Pop.  about  500. 

CnoharaSf  koo-oh&'r&s,  a  river  of  Colorado,  rises  near 
lAVeta,  run:*  northeastward  in  Huerfano  CO.,  and  enters  the 
Uiiorfano  Kivor  about  27  miles  S.  of  Pueblo. 

Cncharas,  a  post-village  of  Huerfano  co.,  Col.,  on  the 
Cucharas  Kivor,  and  on  the  Denver  &  Kio  Grande  Railroad, 
50  miles  S.  of  Pueblo,  at  the  junction  of  the  La  Veta  Branch 
Railroad.     Here  are  rich  ooal-fields.     Elevation,  5956  feet. 

Cucliivarii,  a  river  of  South  America.    Sec  Purus. 

Cucliiillin  Hills,  in  Scotland.    See  Cooli.x  Hills. 

Cuck'licld,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Sussex,  34  miles 
S.  by  E.  of  London.     Pop.  932. 

Cuckoo,  kSuk'koo,  or  CuckooviUe,  a  post-village 
of  Louisa  CO.,  Va.,  3  miles  from  Pendleton  llailrood  Station, 
and  about  44  miles  N.W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  2  or  3  churches. 
Silver  and  copper  are  said  to  bo  found  here.     P.  about  450. 

Cucurron,  kU'kUR^R6N<>'  (anc.  Cucurof),  a,  town  of 
France,  in  Vaucluse,  7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Apt.     Pop.  1781. 

Cucuta,  koo-koo't&,  a  valley  of  the  United  States  of 
Colombia,  province  of  Pamplona,  on  the  Venezuelan  fron- 
Uer.     Lat.  7°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  72°  10'  W. 

Cuda,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Portuguese  river  CoA. 

Cud^dalore',  Cud^alor',  or  Gud^alur'  (Gud^- 
alu'ru),  n  town  of  British  India,  in  South  Arcot,  15 
miles  S.S.AV.  of  Pondicherry,  on  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Punnair.  It  is  a  sanitary  resort,  and  has  trade 
in  fish  and  cotton,  with  manufactures  of  salt,  paper,  and 
sugar.     Pop.  40,290. 

Cud'dapah,  or  Kadapa,  kud'd&-p&,  a  town  of  India, 
capital  of  the  district,  133  miles  N.W.  of  Madras.  Lat.  14° 
32'  N. ;  Ion.  78°  54'  £.  Diamonds  are  obtained  near  it. 
Pop.  16,275. 

Cuddapah,  a  district  of  British  India,  presidency  of 
Madras.  Lat.  13°  12'-16°  19'  N.;  Ion.  77°  52'-79°  48'  E. 
Area,  8367  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Eastern 
Ghauts,  a  range  of  mountains,  E.  of  which  the  country  is 
a  low  plain,  but  westward  it  is  a  high  plateau.  Capital, 
Cuddauiih.     Pop.  in  1872,  1,500,000. 

Cuu'debacKville,  a  small  post-village  of  Orange  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Delaware  •&  Hudson  Canal  and  the  Monticello 
&  Port  Jervis  Railroad,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Port  Jervis.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  carriage-factory. 

Cud'dcsdon,  a  village  of  England,  in  Bucks,  6  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  O.\ford.     It  has  a  college  of  divinity.     P.  410. 

Cudillero,koo-Deel-yA,'ro,  orOleiro,o-ld.'e-ro,  a  town 
of  Spain,  in  Asturias,  22  miles  N.AV.  of  Oviedo,  on  the  Bay 
of  Biscay.     Pop.  1940. 

Cudrefin,  kUMr^h-f&Na',  a  town  of  Switzerland,  in 
Vaud,  on  the  Lake  of  Neufchatol,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Avenches. 

Cud'worth,  a  township  of  England,  co.  of  York,  at  a 
railway  junction,  4  miles  E.N.E.  of  Barnsley.     Pop.  657. 

Cnellar,  kw61-yaR',  a  town  of  Spain,  30  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Segovia.     It  has  a  fine  castle.     Pop.  3000. 

Cuenca,  kwdn'ki,  a  city  of  Spain,  capital  of  a  province 
3f  its  own  name,  near  the  confluence  of  the  Huescar  and  the 
Jucar,  84  miles  S.E.  of  Madrid.  Pop.  6931.  It  is  enclosed 
by  high  walls,  and  has  7  gates,  a  richly  adorned  cathedral, 
a  handsome  episcopal  palace,  14  parish  churches,  13  con- 
vents, several  colleges  and  hospitals,  a  diocesan  school,  and 
8  bridges  across  the  rivers.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen 
•tuffs  and  paper.  It  gives  its  name  to  the  Sierra  Cuenca,  a 
part  of  the  Iberian  Mountains,  which  traverse  the  province. 
Cuenca  was  at  one  time  celebrated  for  its  literature,  arts,  and 
Qanufactories. 

Cuenca,  a  province  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  between 
lat.  39°  20'  and  40°  47'  N.,  Ion.  1°  5'  and  3°  W.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  province  of  Guadalajara.  Capi- 
tal, Cuenca.     Area,  7990  square  miles.     Pop.  238,731. 

Cuenca,  kwdn'ki,  or  Rambae,  a  city  of  Ecuador, 
department  of  Assuay,  capital  of  a  province  of  its  own 
name,  in  a  wide  plain,  8640  feet  above  the  sea,  85  miles 
B.S.W.  of  Quito.  It  has  a  cathedral,  various  other  ecclesi- 
astical edifices,  a  university,  and  trade  in  cheese,  confec- 
tionery, hats,  bark,  and  rural  produce.  In  its  vicinity  are 
various  Peruvian  antiquities.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop. 
There  are  here  extensive  sugar-refineries.  A  little  to  the 
S.  is  the  mountain  of  Tarqui,  which  Condamine  and  other 
French  astronomers  selected  for  thoir  meridian  in  1742. 
Pop.  about  20,000. 


Cuernnvaca,  kw/iu-n&-v&'ki,  a  town  of  Mexico,  capi* 
tal  of  the  state  of  Murelos,  40  miles  S.  of  the  city  of  Mex- 
ico, on  a  mountain-spur  jutting  into  a  valley.  It  consist! 
of  numerous  steep  and  narrow  streets,  with  ranges  of  one- 
storied  houses  fronted  with  balconies  and  porches. 

Cuero,  kwd'ro,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Do  Witt  co., 
Tex.,  on  the  Guadalupe  River,  28  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of 
Victoria,  and  1U3  miles  by  rnil  E.S.E.  of  San  Antonio.  It 
has  several  churches,  a  national  and  2  private  banks,  3 
newspaper  oflSoes,  2  cotton-gins,  and  cotton-  and  oil-facto- 
ries.    Pop.  in  1890.  2442. 

Cners,  kwain  (anc.  Cni'trum  de  Cor'cii  f),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Var,  11  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Tuulon.     P.  3683. 

Cuesmes,  kwaim,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  3 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Mons.     It  has  coui-mines.     Pop.  5721. 

Cucva  dc  Vera,  kwA'v&  dd  vd'r&,  a  town  of  Spain,  42 
miles  N.E.  of  Almeria,  on  the  Almanzora.  Pop.  7500.  Many 
of  its  inhabitants  are  employed  in  the  uianut'auture  of  salt- 
petre and  in  potteries.  It  has  risen  into  importance  from 
the  silver-mines  discovered  in  its  vicinity. 

Cucvas  de  San  Marcos,  kwi'v&s  dd  s&n  maR'kos,  or 
Altas,  dt'tds,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  38  miles  N. 
of  Malaga.     Pop.  4450. 

Cucvas  de  Vinroma,  kwi'v&s  dd  Tecn-ro'm&,  a  town 
of  Spain,  23  miles  N.E.  of  Castellon  de  la  Plana.     P.  2000. 

Cuf  fey's  Cove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mendocino  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  Pacific  Ocean,  in  Big  River  township.  It  is  a  ter- 
minus of  the  Mendocino  Railroad.  It  has  a  church,  a  hotel, 
and  1  or  2  lumber-mills.  About  3,000,000  feet  of  lumber, 
pine  and  redwood,  are  manufactured  here  in  a  year  and  ex- 
ported in  vessels. 

Cuggiono-Maggiore,  kood-jo'no-m&d-jo'rd,  a  town 
of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  18  miles  W.  of  Milan.     Pop.  4951. 

Cuglieri,  kool-yi'ree,  a  town  of  Sardinia,  9  miles  S.E. 
of  Bosa.     Pop.  4200. 

Cuiaba,  a  town  of  Brazil.    See  Ccyaba. 

Cuisery,  kwee^z^h-ree',  a  town  of  France,  in  Sa6ne-et- 
Loire,  on  the  Seille,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Louhans.     Pop.  1586. 

Cuisseaux,  kwee'sO',  a  village  of  France,  in  Sadne-et- 
Loire,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Louhans.     Pop.  1626. 

Cuivre,  kwee'v'r  (local  pron.  kwiv'^r),  a  township  of 
Audrain  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1480. 

Cuivre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co..  Mo.,  on  or  near 
the  Cuivre  River,  about  50  miles  S.  by  E.  from  Hannibal. 
It  has  a  church. 

Cuivre,  a  township  of  Pike  co..  Mo.  Pop.  3271.  It 
contains  the  village  of  Bowling  Green. 

Cuivre  Kiver.     See  Copper  River. 

Cularo,  the  ancient  name  of  Grenoble. 

CuPawhee',  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  N.C.     P.  520. 

Cul'bertson,  a  station  in  Kenton  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ken- 
tucky Central  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Covington. 

Culbertsou,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hitchcock  co., 
Neb.,  on  the  Republican  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  French- 
man Fork,  60  miles  S.  of  North  Platte  Railroad  Station. 

Cul'borne,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Somerset,  oh 
the  Bristol  Channel,  8J  miles  W.  of  Minehead.  The  village 
and  church  are  so  buried  among  the  lofty  and  almost  per- 
pendicular hills,  with  an  elevation  of  1300  feet,  that  for  three 
months  in  winter  the  sun  is  never  seen. 

Cul^drum',  a  post-township  of  Morrison  co.,  Minn.,  15 
miles  W.  of  Little  Falls.     Pop.  146. 

Culebra,  Colorado.    See  San  Luis. 

Culebra,  koo-li'bri,  a  river  of  Costa  Rica,  enters  the 
Caribbean  Sea  near  the  Lagoon  of  Chiriqui. 

Culebra,  koo-ld'br&,  or  Passage  Island,  a  small 
island  of  the  West  Indies,  one  of  the  Virgin  Islands,  off  the 
E.  coast  of  Porto  Rico.  It  is  about  7  miles  long,  and  be- 
longs to  Spain.     Pop.  300. 

Culebra,  an  island  in  the  Pacific,  belonging  to  the 
Philippines.     Lat.  11°  18'  N. ;  Ion.  123°  3'  E. 

Culebra,  koo-ld'br&,  a  seaport  of  Costa  Rica,  in  lat. 
10°  35'  N.,  Ion.  85°  38'  W.  It  has  a  fine  port,  and  affords 
safe  anchorage  for  ships  of  any  burden. 

Culebra  (koo-li'bri)  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  of 
the  Sangre  de  Cristo  Range,  in  the  S.  part  of  the  state,  about 
38  miles  W.  of  Trinidad.  It  has  an  altitude  of  14,079  feet 
above  the  sea-level.    See  Rio  Culebra. 

Culenborg,  Netherlands.    See  Kuilenbtiro. 

Culiacan,  koo-le-d-kdn',  a  town  of  Mexico,  90  miles 
S.E.  of  Cinaloa,  in  a  fertile  tract,  on  the  river  Culiacan. 
Pop.  10,000.  It  is  a  depot  for  goods  passing  between  Guay- 
mas  and  Mazatlan. 

Culla,  kool'yi,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Valencia,  26  milol 
N.  by  W.  of  Castellon  de  la  Plana.     Pop.  1405. 

Cullar  de  Baza,  kool-yan'  dd  bd'thd,  a  town  of  Spain, 
in  Andalusia,  68  miles  E.N.E.  of  Granada.     Pop.  3700. 


CUL 


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CUM 


CulPasa'ja^  a  post-oflSce  of  Macon  cc,  N.C. 

CulMatoor'  and  CuPloor',  two  towns  of  India,  tho 
former  in  Britisli  India,  the  latter  in  the  Nizam's  dominions, 
200  miles  E.N.E.  of  Hyderabad. 

Cul'len,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  and  12  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Banff,  on  the  Cullen,  here  crossed  by  a  bridge,  at  its 
mouth  in  Cullen  Bay  (North  Sea).     Pop.  3801. 

Cul'len,  a  post-village  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.,  9  miles 
(direct)  S.  of  Herkimer,  the  capital  of  the  county.  It  has 
a  cheese-factory,  Ac.     Pop.  about  100. 

Cullen's  Wood)  Ireland,  a  suburb  of  Dublin,  on  its 
S.E.  side. 

Culleo'ka^  a  post-village  of  Maury  co.,  Tenn.,  about 
^  raile  E.  of  Pleasant  Grove  Station,  and  10  miles  S.  by  E. 
of  Columbia.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  2  cotton- 
gins,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  334. 

Cullera,  kool-yi'ri  (anc.  Sa'crot),  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  24  miles  S.S.E.  of  Valencia,  on  tho  Mediter- 
ranean, at  the  mouth  of  the  Jucar.  It  e.\ports  grain,  wine, 
fruits,  vegetables,  paper,  and  salt  fish.  Cullera  has  always, 
from  its  natural  position,  been  esteemed  a  place  of  great 
military  importance :  the  walls,  towers,  and  fortifications 
have  been  repeatedly  dismantled  and  rebuilt.     Pop.  9814. 

Cul'lercoats,  a  town  and  watering-place  of  England, 
CO.  of  Northumberland,  \\  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Tyne- 
mouth.    Pop.  1398. 

Cull'man,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Alabama,  is 
drained  by  the  Black  Warrior  River.  The  surface  is  hilly 
or  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  South  &  North  Alabama  llailroad. 
Capital,  Cullman.  This  county  was  formed  of  parts  of 
Blount  and  Winston,     Pop.  in  1880,  6355  ;  in  1890, 13,439. 

Cullman,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cullman  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  South  &  North  Alabama  Railroad,  35  miles  S.  of 
Decatur.  It  is  on  Sand  Mountain  (said  to  be  the  highest 
place  in  the  state),  and  has  a  United  States  signal  station. 
It  has  6  churches,  a  brewery,  a  tannery,  a  furniture-fac- 
tory, 2  saw-mills,  a  flouring-mill,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank, 
and  wine-cellars.     Pop.  in  1890,  1017. 

Cnllo'den,  or  Drummos'sie  Moor^a  wide,  moory 
ridge  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Inverness,  memorable  for  the  total 
defeat  of  Prince  Charles's  army,  on  the  16th  of  April,  1746, 
by  tho  Duke  of  Cumberland.  On  the  moor,  4  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Inverness,  stands  Culloden  House. 

Ciillo'den,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  Ga.,  about  33 
miles  W.  of  Macon.    It  has  a  brick  church  and  an  academy. 

CuUo'den,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  co.,  Ontario,  10 
miles  S.  of  Ingersoll.  It  contains  a  grist-mill,  3  saw-mills, 
a  cheese-factory,  a  potash-factory,  several  stores,  ko.    P.  200. 

Cullompton,  a  town  of  England.    See  Collumpto.v. 

Cull'om,  a  post-village  of  Livingston  co.,  HI.,  9  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Chatsworth.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  400. 

Cullom's,  a  station  in  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio 
&  Mississippi  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Cincinnati. 

Culloor,  a  town  of  India.     See  Cullatoor. 

Cullovvhee,  or  Culawhee,  kul-law'ee,  a  post-town- 
ship of  Jackson  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  520. 

Ciilly,  kUriee',  a  town  of  Switzerland,  in  Vaud,  on  the 
Lake  of  Geneva,  5  miles  E.S.T^.  of  Lausanne.     Pop.  976. 

Cul'ly's,  a  station  in  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Colum- 
bia <fc  Port  Deposit  Railroad,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Columbia, 

Culm  and  Culmbach.     See  Kulm  and  Kulmbach. 

CuI'merville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  7 
miles  N.W.  of  Tarentum.  It  has  a  store,  a  wagon-shop, 
and  4  dwellings. 

Culna,  or  Kalna,  kQl'na,  a  town  of  the  Burdwan  dis- 
trict, Bengal,  on  the  Hoogly,'43  miles  N.  of  Calcutta.  It 
has  a  great  trade  in  rice,  silk,  and  cotton,  a  splendid  palace 
of  the  Maharajah  of  Burdwan,  an  important  ferry,  and 
indigo-works.     Pop.  27,336. 

Culna,  or  Khulna,  k'hul'na  (anc.  Khalana),  a  town 
of  Bengal,  capital  of  the  Sunderbunds,  district  of  Jessore, 
on  an  arm  of  the  Ganges,  78  miles  E.N.E.  of  Calcutta,  It 
has  sugar-refineries,  and  is  the  seat  of  extensive  trade, 

Culnai,  kool-ni',  a  village  of  Peru,  in  the  Andes,  dis- 
trict of  Canta,  about  lat,  10°  10'  S.,  remarkable  only  for  its 
great  elevation,  being  about  10,000  feet  above  sea-level. 

CuPpee',  or  Kalpi,  karpee',  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  a 
jungly  and  unhealthy  position,  on  the  Hoogly  River,  34 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Calcutta. 

Cul'peper,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Virginia,  has 
an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.E.  by  the  North  Fork  of  the  Rappahannock  River,  and 
on  the  S.  by  the  Rapidan  River.  The  surface  is  agreeably 
diversified  with  hills,  valleys,  and  forests ;  the  soil  produces 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  &a.  This  county  is  intersected 
oy  the  AVashington  City,  Virginia  Midland  A  Great  South- 
63 


em  Railroad.  Capital,  Culpeper,  Pop,  in  1870,  12,227,; 
in  1880,  13,408;  in  1890,  13,233. 

Culpeper,  a  hamlet  of  Cannon  co.,  Tenn.,  15  miles  B. 
of  Murfreesborough.     It  has  a  church. 

Culpeper,  or  Fairfax,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cul- 
peper CO.,  Va.,  on  the  Washington  City  <fc  Virginia  Midland 
Railroad,  62  miles  W.S.W.  of  Washington.  It  has  5  churches, 
an  iron-foundry,  a  tannery,  and  several  mills  for  flour,  plas- 
ter, (fee.  One  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.  Pop, 
1620.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Culpeper, 

Culross,  kiil-ross',  a  borough  of  Scotland,  co,  of  Perth, 
on  the  N.  shore  of  the  Firth  of  Forth,  19  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Edinburgh.  It  stands  on  a  steep  acclivity,  is  meanly  built, 
and  contains  a  parish  church,  tho  remains  of  an  ancient 
chapel,  and  those  of  Culross  Abbey.     Pop.  of  parish,  1354. 

CuI'ver,  a  post-village  of  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind.,  about 
8  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  La  Fayette.     It  has  general  stores. 

Culver,  a  post-village  of  Ottawa  co.,  Kansas,  12  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Salina,  and  11  miles  (direct)  S.  by  W,  of 
Minneapolis.  It  has  2  churches,  a  public  school,  a  mill, 
general  stores,  and  business  houses.  Pop.  about  115;  of 
Culver  township,  635. 

Culver,  a  hamlet  of  Arenac  co.,  Mich.,  about  42  miles 
by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Bay  City,  and  14  miles  (direct)  N.W. 
of  Omer. 

Culver,  a  post-hamlet  of  Matagorda  co.,  Tex.,  15  miles 
(direct)  N.E.  of  Matagorda. 

CuI'verton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Macon  <t  Augusta  Railroad,  58  miles  N.E.  of  Macon,  It 
has  a  church,  a  seminary,  and  general  stores.  Pop.  about 
100;  of  Culverton  township,  1082. 

Cuma,  koo'mi,  a  fortress  of  Italy,  11  miles  W.  of  Naples, 
near  the  Mediterranean,  occupying  the  site  of  the  ancient 
Cunme. 

Cuman^,  koo-mi-ni',  a  city  of  Venezuela,  in  the  state 
of  Bermudez,  on  the  Gulf  of  Cariaco,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Manzanares.  Lat.  of  Fort  Boca  del  Rio,  10°  27'  6"  N., 
Ion.  64°  11'  W.  It  has  several  suburbs,  and  a  fort  on  an 
adjacent  height,  but  no  remarkable  edifices  ;  and,  on  account 
of  frequent  earthquakes,  all  its  houses  are  low-pitched. 
Its  roadstead  is  excellent  and  capacious.  Export  trade  in 
cattle,  smoked  meat,  salt  fish,  cacao,  and  other  provisions. 
Cumand  is  the  oldest  European  city  of  the  New  Continent, 
having  been  founded  by  Diego  Castellon  in  1523,  Before 
the  revolution  of  1823  its  population  was  upwards  of  30,000, 
Estimated  population  in  1889,  10,000.  This  city  gave 
its  name  to  the  former  state  of  Cumand  (of  which  it  was 
the  capital),  having  the  Caribbean  Sea  on  the  N.  and  the 
st;ite  of  Maturin  on  the  S.  Its  surface  was  generally  level, 
with  some  mountainous  districts.  Its  area  was  3898  square 
miles,  and  its  population  about  60,000. 

Cumanacoa,  koo-mi-ni-ko'i,  a  town  of  Venezuela, 
in  the  state  of  Bermudez,  about  40  miles  S.E.  of  Cumand. 
Pop.  2800.     It  has  a  cool  and  healthy  climate. 

Cumania,  or  Kumania,  koo-mi'ne-a  (Ger.  Kn~ 
manien,  koo-mi'ne-^n;  Hun.  Kuns&g,  koon-shiVg'),  a  dis- 
trict of  Europe  at  the  time  of  tho  Crusades,  extending  N. 
of  the  Danube  and  N.W.  of  the  Black  Sea,  comprising  the 
present  Moldavia,  Wallachia,  and  part  of  South  Russia  W. 
of  the  Dnieper.  Great  and  Little  Cumania  are  present 
districts  of  Central  Hungary. 

Great  Cumania  (Hun.  Nagy  Kxmsdg,  nSdj  (or  nody). 
koon'shilg')  lies  beyond  the  Theiss,  chiefly  between  47°  and 
47°  40'  N.  lat.  and  20°  30'  and  21°  10'  E.  Ion.  Area,  about 
424  square  miles.  The  whole  surface  is  a  low,  swampy 
plain.  The  Cumanians  are  a  robust,  athletic  race,  very 
ibnd  of  rural  pursuits,  and  are  altogether  a  rich,  happy, 
and  independent  people.  The  population  amounts  to  about 
55,000,  of  whom  37,000  are  Protestants.  Great  Cumania 
contains  one  market-town,  Kardzag-Uj-Szdllds. 

Little  Cumania  (Hun.  Ki»  Kuusdg,  kish  koon'shig'), 
in  Hither  Theiss,  consists  of  several  detached  portions  of 
land,  with  an  aggregate  area  of  about  1000  square  miles,  so 
that  it  is  more  than  twice  as  large  as  Great  Cumania  ;  but 
the  latter  was  once  far  more  extensive.  Pop.  about  64,000, 
The  general  features  of  the  country,  and  the  character  and 
condition  of  the  inhabitants,  correspond  with  those  of  Great 
Cumania,     Their  largest  town  is  Felegyhdza,     Lat.  about 

46°  43'  N.,  Ion.  19°  64'  E. Adj.  and  inhab.  Cumania.v, 

ku-mi'ne-an. 

Cumbal,  koom-bil',  a  mountain-peak  of  the  Andes,  in 
the  United  States  of  Colombia,  a  little  N.  of  the  equator. 
Height,  15,620  feet, 

Cum'bcr,  a  post- hamlet  of  Sanilac  co,,  Mich,,  43  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Vassar. 

Cnm'berland,  the  most  N.W.  county  of  England, 
having  N,  Solway  Firth  and  the  Esk  and  Liddel  Rirers, 


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Mwmting  It  fWtra  SmUmkI,  and  W.  tb«  Irish  Sea.  Area, 
15I«  aquara  mllofc  SurfiMS*  mountainous  and  highly  rlc- 
taraMM.  SWddaw  rim  to  8022  fwt  above  the  sea.  The 
nrinoiiuil  rivers  are  the  Eden,  Ksk,  and  l>crwcnt.  In  this 
Mvnty  are  the  beautifal  lakee  of  Derwcnt-Wnter,  Kas- 
•rathwaite,  BorrowJalc,  Buttermero,  and  Ullswater,  on  the 
borders  of  Weetmoreland.  The  county  Is  traversed  by  many 
railways.  Near  Whitohnrcn  and  Nowington  are  extensive 
and  profitable  bods  of  coal,  and  in  Borrowdalo  there  is  a 
eolubmtod  iiiino  of  gmphitc,  whence  largo  quantities  of  thivt 
mineral  wore  formerly  procured.  Load,  m)n,  and  slnto  tire 
also  obt.iinod.  The  principal  towns  aro  Carlisle,  the  capital, 
Whitehaven,  Cockermouth,  Penrith,  Keswick,  Maryport, 
Workington,  Wigfon,  and  Egrcinont.  Cattle  and  wool  aro 
•Uplu  products.     Pop.  in  1881,  250,647;  in  1891,  26fl,550. 

Cuin'bcrland,  a  county  in  the  E.S.E.  part  of  Illinois, 
has  an  area  of  about  3:<0  square  miles.  It  Is  traversed  by 
the  Embarras  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level  or  slightly 
undulating,  and  Is  diversified  with  prairies  and  forests.  The 
■oil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the 
•taple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Terre 
Haute  A  Indianapolis  Railroad,  the  Illinois  Central  Rail- 
road, the  Toledo,  St.  Louis  &  Knnsas  City  Railroad,  and  the 
Peoria,  Decatur  A  Evansville  Railroad.  Capital,  Toledo. 
Pop.  in  1870,  12,223;  in  1880,  13,759;  in  1890,  15,443. 

Cumberland,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Kentucky, 
has  iin  area  of  about  330  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by 
the  Marrowbone,  Crow's,  and  Kettle  Creeks,  and  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Cumberland  River,  which  is  nnvigablo  in  this 
part  of  its  course.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly,  and  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  moderately  fertile. 
Tobacco,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
Hickory,  poplar,  oak,  beech,  sycamore,  and  sweet-gum  are 
the  principal  trees  found  in  this  county.  Capital,  Burkes- 
ville.     Pop.  in  1870,  7690;  in  1880,  8894;  in  1890,  8452. 

Cumberland,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Maine,  hns 
an  area  of  about  1000  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E. 
by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the  S.W.  partly  by  the  Saco 
River.  The  Androscoggin  River  forms  part  of  the  N.E. 
boundary.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  forests  and  lakes 
or  ponds,  the  largest  of  which  is  Sebago  Lake.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Butter,  hay,  potatoes,  and  Indian  corn  are  the 
staple  products.  This  is  the  most  populous  county  of  the 
state.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  the 
Qrand  Trunk  Railway,  the  Portland  A  Oxford  Central  Rail- 
road, and  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad.  Casco  Bay  affords 
great  facilities  for  navigation  and  fisheries.  Capital,  Port- 
land. Pop.  in  1870,  82,021;  in  1880,  86,359;  in  1890, 
d0,949. 

Cumberland,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  New  Jersey, 
has  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.W.  by  Delaware  Bay,  and  intersected  by  Maurice 
•River  and  Cohansey  Creek.  The  surface  is  mostly  level, 
and  is  partly  covered  with  forests  of  small  pine-trees.  The 
soil  is  generally  sandy.  Indian  com,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and 
sweet  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  in- 
tersected by  the  West  Jersey  Railroad  and  the  Central 
Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  both  communicating  with  Bridge- 
,  ton,  the  capital.  Pop,  in  1870,  34,665;  in  1880,  37,687;  in 
1890,  45,438. 

Cumberland,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  North 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  800  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Cape  Fear  River,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  South 
River,  and  partly  drained  by  Little  River.  The  surface  is 
tilly  or  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests 
of  pine  and  other  trees.  The  soil  in  some  parts  is  fertile,  and 
produces  Indian  corn  and  sweet  potatoes.  Tar  and  turpen- 
tine are  among  the  chief  articles  of  export.  This  county  is 
partly  traversed  by  the  Cape  Fear  A  Yadkin  Valley  and 
Wilmington  A  Weldon  Railroads,  both  of  which  pass  through 
Fayetteville,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  17,035;  in  1880, 
23,826;  in  1890,  27,321. 

Cumberland,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, has  an  area  of  about  525  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  is  intersected  by 
Conedogwinit  Creek ;  it  is  also  partly  drained  by  Yellow 
Breeches  Creek.  The  Kittatinny  or  Blue  Mountain  ex- 
tends along  the  northern  border  of  this  county,  which  is 
bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  South  Mountain.  Between 
these  mountains  lies  the  wide  and  very  fertile  Cumberland 
Valley,  in  which  good  Iime.stone  (Lower  Silurian)  is  abun- 
dant. Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  butter,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  Mines  of  iron  have  been  opened  in 
this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Cumberland  Valley 
Railroad,  the  Harrisburg  A  Potomac  Railroad,  and  the 
Gettysburg  A  Ilarrisburg  Railroad.  Capital,  Carlisle.  Pop. 
in  1870,  43,912;  in  1880,  45,977;  in  1890,  47,271. 


Cumberland,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Ten- 
nessee, has  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  small  affluents  of  the  Cumberland  and  Clinch  Rivers. 
The  surface  is  elevated  and  partly  mountainous,  forming 
part  of  the  northwestern  slojve  of  the  Cumberland  Moun- 
tain. A  largo  portion  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  Capital, 
Crossville.  Pop.  in  1870,  3461;  in  1880,  4i>38;  in  1890. 
637«. 

Cumberland,  a  county  near  the  central  part  of  Vir- 
ginia, hai*  an  area  of  about  300  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  the  James  River,  and  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Ap- 
pomattox River.  The  surface  is  undulating  and  exten.-^ivcly 
covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  said  to  have  been  worn  ouL 
Tobneoo,  Indian  corn,  and  wheat  are  the  staple  products. 
Capital,  Cumberland  Court-House.  Pop.  in  1870,  8142;  in 
1880,  10,540;  in  1890,  9482. 

Cumberland,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Warren  township,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  A  St.  Louia 
Railrotvd,  II  miles  E.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  a  church,  a 
grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  300. 

Cumberland,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  Iowa,  26  milci 
by  rail  W.  of  Greenfield,  and  11  miles  direct  S.E.  of  Atlan- 
tic. It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  manufactures  of  wire  fence, 
Ac.     Pop.  500. 

Cumberland,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co.,  Me., 
on  the  sea-coast,  9  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  from  Portland.  It 
has  6  churches.  The  township  borders  on  Casco  Bay,  and 
is  intersected  by  the  Maine  Central  Railroad.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1487.    See  Ccmbeuland  Ckntre. 

Cumberland,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Alleghany  co.,  Md., 
is  on  the  Potomac  River,  178  miles  W.  by  N.  from  Balti- 
more, and  150  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg,  Pa.  It  is  a  great 
railroad  terminus,  and  is  also  the  W.  terminus  of  the  Chesa- 
peake A  Ohio  Canal.  The  Cumberland  A  Pennsylvania 
Railroad  extends  from  this  place  southwestward  to  Pied- 
mont, W.  Va. ;  and  this  road  also  connects  the  town  with 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  by  a  northward  extension.  It 
is  surrounded  by  picturesque  mountain-scenery.  Cumber- 
land is  the  second  city  of  the  state  in  population,  and  has 
a  Catholic  academy  and  convent,  a  house  of  Capuchins,  3 
national  banks,  18  churches,  a  steel  roller-mill,  steel-works, 
paper-mill,  2  glass-works,  cement-works,  large  dit^tillery, 
several  breweries,  2  tanneries,  shafting-works,  flour-  and 
planing-mills,  and  3  railroad  repair-shops.  Two  daily  and 
5  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop.  in  18S0, 
10,693;  in  1890,  12,790. 

Cumberland,  a  post-village  of  Webster  co.,  Miss., 
about  22  miles  N.W.  of  Sfarkville.    It  has  2  churches. 

Cumberland,  a  post-village  in  Spencer  township, 
Guernsey  co.,  0.,  on  the  Eastern  Ohio  Railroad,  about  22 
miles  E;S.E.  of  Zanesville,  and  13  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Cam- 
bridge. It  has  3  churches,  2  planing-mills,  flouring-mills, 
and  manufactures  of  tile.     Pop.  in  1890,  601. 

Cumberland,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Pa.    P.  1583. 

Cumberland,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  Pa.  Cotil, 
petroleum,  pyrites,  and  salt-brines  are  among  its  mineral 
resources.     Pop.  1729. 

Cumberland,  a  township  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  the 
northeasternmost  township  in  the  state.  It  contains  coal 
and  many  interesting  minerals.     Pop.  8090. 

Cumberland,  a  post-village  of  Barron  co.,  Wis.,  oti 
the  North  Wisconsin  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  of  Barron.  It 
has  4  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  1219. 

Cumberland,  a  post-village  in  Russell  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Ottawa  River,  16  miles  below  Ottawa.  It  has  several 
stores,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  good  lumber-trade.     Pop.  200. 

Cumberland,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Nova 
Scotia,  bordering  on  Northumberland  Strait,  and  partly 
separated  from  New  Brunswick  by  Chignecto  Bay.  The 
coasts  are  deeply  indented,  affording  many  fine  harbors. 
The  surface  is  broken,  a  portion  being  occupied  by  the  Co- 
bequid  Mountains.  Cumberland  co.  contains  some  of  the 
richest  coal-mines  in  Nova  Scotia.  The  coal  formation  also 
furnishes  immense  quantities  of  gray  and  buff  grindstones. 
The  county  also  abounds  with  gypsum.  Area,  1612  square 
miles.     Capital,  Amherst.     Pop.  23,518. 

Cumberland,  a  peninsula  of  the  North- West  Territo- 
ries, Canada,  having  N.E.  Davis  Strait,  and  S.W.  North- 
umberland Inlet,  between  the  parallels  of  64°  40'  and  67" 
30'  of  N.  latitude.     . 

Cumberland  Basin  is  the  N.E.  portion  of  Chig- 
necto Bay,  which  communicates  on  the  S.W.  with  the  Bay 
of  Fundy.     Lat.  45°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  64°  30'  W. 

Cumberland  Bay,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  island  of 
Juan  Fernandez,  off  the  coast  of  Chili. 

Cumberland  Bay,  a  part  of  Lake  Champlain,  is  !• 
Clinton  co.,  N.Y.     Plr.ttsburg  is  situated  on  this  bay. 


CUM 


987 


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Cumberland  Centre,  a  post-villago  of  Cumberland 
CO.,  Me.,  on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  II  rnileg  N.  of 
Portland.  It  has  a  church  and  the  Greeley  Institute.  At 
Cumberland  Junction,  near  the  village,  the  Augusta  and 
Lewiston  divisions  of  the  Maine  Central  Railroad  unite. 
It  has  a  grist-mill,  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and 
lumber. 

Cumberland  City,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  Ky., 
10  miles  N.  of  Albany,  and  7i  miles  S.  of  the  Cumberland 
River.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  coal-bank,  the  coal  being 
carried  to  the  river  on  a  short  railroad.  This  town  is  the 
seat  of  a  trade  in  crude  petroleum.     Pop.  150. 

Cumberland  City,  a  post-village  of  Stewart  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Cumberland  River,  21  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of 
Clarkesville,  and  12  miles  (direct)  S.E.  of  Dover.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  manufactures  of  lumber.  Pop. 
in  1890,  244. 

Cumberland  Conrt-House,  or  ETflngham,  a 
post-village,  capital  of  Cumberland  co.,  Va.,  18  miles  by 
rail  N.N.E.  of  Farmville,  and  24  miles  W.  of  Powhatan. 
It  has  a  church. 

Cumberland  Furnace,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dickson  co., 
Tenn.,  60  miles  W.N.W.  of  Nashville.  Here  is  an  iron- 
furnace. 

Cumberland  Gap,  at  the  southwestern  extremity  of 
Virginia,  on  the  line  of  Kentucky  and  Tennessee,  is  a  cleft 
or  pass  through  the  Cumberland  Mountains,  500  feet  deep, 
ami  in  some  parts  but  just  wide  enough  for  a  road.  It  was 
an  important  strategic  point  in  the  war  of  1861-65. 

Cumberland  Gap,  a  post-haralet  of  Claiborne  co., 
Tenn.,  69  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Knoxville.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  college.     Pop.  1000. 

Cumberland  Harbor,  or  Bay  of  Guantanamo, 
gwin-td-ni'mo,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Cuba  (lat.  of  East  Head, 
19°  53'  N.,  Ion.  75°  15'  \V.),  is  a  spacious  and  perfectly  safe 
port.  Vessels  of  26  feet  draught  can  enter,  but  those  draw- 
ing over  14  feet  cannot  come  to  the  wharf  at  Caimanera. 

Cumberland  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Providence  co., 
R.I.,  about  a  mile  east  of  Manville  Railroad  Station,  and 
about  13  miles  N.  of  Providence.     It  has  2  churches. 

Cumberland  Iron-Works,  a  post-village  of  Stewart 
CO.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Cumberland  River,  about  28  miles  below 
Clarksville.     Here  is  an  iron-furnace. 

Cumberland  Island,  the  largest  and  most  southerly 
of  the  sea-islands  on  the  coast  of  Georgia,  off  Camden  co., 
is  22  miles  long  and  from  1  to  5  miles  wide.  It  is  famous 
as  the  home  and  burial-place  of  General  Nathaniel  Greene, 
and  is  now  a  winter  resort. 

Cumberland  Island  is  a  double  peninsula  of  Baffin 
Land,  extending  into  Davis'  Strait. 

Cumberland  Island,  in  the  Pacific,  one  of  the  Dan- 
gerous Archipelago. 

Cumberland  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co.. 
We.,  in  Westbrook  township,  on  the  Portland  &  Rochester 
Railroail,  5  miles  W.  of  Portland.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
large  manufactory  of  paper. 

Cumberland  Mountain  or  Table-Land,  a  part 
of  the  Appalachian  system,  is  mostly  in  the  state  of  Tennes- 
see, extending  along  the  southeastern  boundary  of  Ken- 
tucky. Its  direction  is  nearly  N.E.  and  S.W,  It  is  com- 
posed of  Devonian  slate,  carboniferous  limestone,  and  the 
coal  formation,  which  is  the  upper  and  most  recent  part  of 
it.  The  portion  included  in  Tennessee  is  a  high  tiiblc-land, 
which  in  some  places  has  a  broad  and  level  top  not  more 
than  2000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  and  presents  on 
each  side  a  steep  declivity.  From  this  table-land  several 
ridges  or  mountains  rise  to  the  height  of  about  2800  feet 
above  the  sca-lcvel.  Mines  of  good  bituminous  coal  have 
been  opened  in  this  mountain  in  Tennessee.  The  area  of 
the  coal  measures,  according  to  McFarlane,  is  coextensive 
with  that  of  the  table-land,  and  is  about  5100  square  miles. 
This  table-land,  which  is  about  50  miles  wide,  is  well  tim- 
bered with  chestnut,  hickory,  white  ash,  oak,  maple,  and 
pine. 

Cumberland  River,  one  of  the  largest  affluents  of 
the  Ohio  River,  rises  in  the  Cumberland  Mountain,  in 
Harlan  co.,  Ky.,  and  runs  towards  nearly  every  point  of 
the  compass  except  the  east.  It  intersects  several  counties 
of  Kentucky,  and  flows  from  Cumberland  co.  southwestward 
into  Middle  Tennessee,  in  which  it.  runs  nearly  westward 
to  Nashville.  Below  this  point  its  general  direction  is 
northwestward,  and,  after  it  has  intersected  Montgomery 
and  Stewart  cos.,  it  returns  into  Kentucky.  In  Lyon  co. 
of  this  state  it  is  only  about  3  miles  from  the  Tennessee 
River.  It  enters  the  Ohio  River  at  Smithland.  Its  length 
is  estimated  at  650  miles.  Steamboats  ascend  it  to  Nash- 
ville, which  is  192  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  a  largo  portion 


of  it  above  Nashville  is  navigable  d  iring  high  water.  In 
Whitley  co.,  Ky.,  the  river  has  a  vertical  fall  of  about  <Sii 
feet,  and  the  descent  from  the  foot  of  these  falls  to  its  iflouth 
is  481  feet.  ' 

Cumberland  River,  a  station  in  Lyon  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Louisville  &  Paducah  Railroad,  and  on  the  Cumberland 
River,  4  miles  W.  of  Eddyville. 

Cumberland  Sound,  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  between 
Florida  and  Georgia,  receives  the  waters  of  St.  Mary''" 
River,  and  forms  the  entrance  to  Fernandina  Harbor. 

Cumberland  University.     See  Lebanon,  Tenn. 

Cumberland  Valley,  a  post-township  of  Bedford  co.. 
Pa.,  is  in  a  narrow  valley,  19  miles  long,  between  Evit's 
and  Wills  Mountains.     It  has    8  churches.     Pop.  1357. 

Cumberland  Works,  N..J.    See  Marshallvillk. 

Cumbernauld,  kiim'l)?r-nawd,  a  burgh  of  Scotland, 
CO.  of  Dumbarton,  14  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Glasgow.  The 
town,  in  a  fine  valley,  has  a  good  church  and  library.  Near 
it  is  the  remnant  of  a  Roman  wall.     Pop.  1193. 

CumboMa,  a  post-village  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  5J 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Pottsville.  Coal  is  mined  here.  Near 
it  are  2  churches. 

Cumbray,  kiim-brii'  (Great  and  Little),  or  The 
Cumbracs,  kilm-braze',  two  islands  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Bute,  Firth  of  Clyde,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Largs.     Pop.  1624. 

Cumbre,  or  La  Cumbre,  13,  koom'bri,  a  town  of 
Spain,  Estremadura,  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Caceres.    Pop.  2081. 

Cumbre,  or  La  Cumbre  {I.e.,  "the  summit"),  a 
pass  across  the  Andes,  between  Santiago  do  Chili  and  Mcn- 
doza,  lat.  33°  S.,  Ion.  70°  20'  AV.     Elevation,  12,454  feet. 

Cumbres  Mayores,  koom'brfis  ma,-j-o'rfis,  a  town  of 
Spain,  55  miles  N.N.E.  of  lluelva.     Pop.  2471. 

Cnm'bria,  an  ancient  British  principality,  comprising, 
with  the  greater  part  of  Cumberland,  several  Scotch  dis- 
tricts in  the  counties  of  Wigtown  and  Ayr.  Early  in  the 
eleventh  century  it  was  given  to  Malcolm,  Prince  of  Scot- 
land, to  be  held  as  a  fief  of  the  crown  of  England. Adj. 

Cumbrian,  kum'bre-an. 

Cum'brian  Mountains,  a  range  of  hills  in  England, 
occupying  part  of  the  counties  of  Cumberland,  Westmore- 
land, and  Lancaster. 

Cum'brie,  an  African  tribe,  to  be  met  with  chiefly  in 
the  kingdom  of  Yaooree,  in  Iloussa,  and  in  the  towns  and 
villages  on  the  banks  of  the  Niger,  in  the  central  parts  of 
Soodan,  towards  the  S,  They  are  a  mild,  harmless,  and 
industrious  race. 

Cumiana,  koo-me-i'nS.,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont, 
7  miles  N.  of  Pinerolo,  on  the  Cisola.     Pop.  6685. 

Cnm'ing,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Nebraska,  has 
an  area  of  about  370  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Elkhorn  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Plum  and  Cuming 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating ;  the  soil  is  deep  and 
fertile.  A  large  portion  of  the  county  is  prairie.  Wheat, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  Lime- 
stone is  found  here.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Sioux 
City  <fc  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  West  Point.  Pop.  in 
1870,  2964;  in  1880,  5669;  in  1890,  12,265. 

Cuming's^  a  post-village  of  Trail  co.,  N.D.,  47  miles  by 
rail  N.N.W.  of  Fargo,  and  about  11  miles  (direct)  W.N.W. 
of  Caledonia.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  100. 

Cumino,  an  island  in  the  Mediterranean.    See  Comino. 

Cumly,  koom'lee,  or  Coom'bia,  a  maritime  town  and 
fort  of  British  India,  presidency  of  Madras,  on  a  peninsula 
surrounded  by  a  salt  lake,  near  the  Malabar  coast,  20  miles 
S.E.  of  Mangalore. 

Cum'ming,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Forsyth  co.,  Ga., 
about  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  2  churches,  an 
academy,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  267. 

Cumming,  Warren  co.,  Ga.     See  Barnett. 

Cumming,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa,  12  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  a  church  and  a  public 
school.     Pop.  100. 

Cummings,  a  post-village  of  Cook  co..  111.,  now  an- 
nexed to  Chicago,  14  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Chicago.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  rolling-mill,  a  blast-furnace,  cement-works, 
&e.     Pop.  2000. 

Cummings,  a  post-village  of  Atchison  co.,  Kansas,  11 
miles  by  rail  S,  by  W.  of  Atchison.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  100. 

Cnm'mingsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Van  Buren  co., 
Tenn.,  21  miles  E.  of  McMinnville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Cum'mington,  a  post-town  of  Hampshire  co.,  Mass., 
on  Westfield  River,  19  miles  N.W.  of  Northampton.  It 
ihas  3  churches.  Pop.  787.  This  is  the  native  place  of 
AVilliam  Cullen  Bryant. 

Cummington  West  Village,  apost-village  of  Hamp- 
shire CO.,  Mass.,  in  the  town  of  Cummington,  on  Westfielcl 


CUM 


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CUR 


BiT«r,  about  20  milea  E.N.E.  of  Pitta&eld.  It  has  2 
•hurohoa  and  2  pnper-milli. 

Camillin*t  Creek,  TexM,  runs  nearly  Bouthwanl,  and 
•atsr*  the  CuIoiikIo  River  near  Columbus,  in  Colorado  oo. 

Cuin'minsville»  »  post-village  of  Wheeler  oo.,  Neb., 
9  mile*  E.  of  Buffalo.     It  has  a  church. 

Camminsville,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  0., 
the  26th  ward  and  5  miles  N.  of  Cincinnati.  It  lias  7 
ehttrohes,  2  planing-mills,  a  flour- and  feed-mill,  and  lumber- 
yards.    Pop.  W'i.     Here  is  a  Catliolic  orphanage. 

Cainminsville,  a  hamlet  of  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.,  15 
milos  N.E.  of  Huntingdon.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Cuin'minsviUe,  a  )>ost-villago  in  Halton  oo.,  Ontario, 
7  miles  N.W.  of  Wellington  Square.     Pop.  200. 

Cum'mumS  or  Cum'biiiii%  a  town  of  India,  district 
and  76  miles  N.E.  of  Cuddapah. 

Cum'mumait,  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Nizam's  do- 
minion.'*, 110  milos  E.  of  Hydorabiul. 

Cum'iiock  or  Old  Cum'iiock  (local  pron.  kOm'lQk), 
a  villaRO  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  on  Lugar  Water,  here 
crossed  by  .'{  bridges,  at  a  railway  junction,  12  miloa  E.  of 
Ayr.  It  is  lighted  with  gas,  has  an  old  church,  good  shops, 
some  banks  and  public  libraries,  a  manufactory  of  snuff- 
bo.xos,  and  a  trade  in  cotton  stuffs  and  earthenwares.  It 
h.is  coal-  and  iron-works.  Pop.  2903;  of  parish,  4041. 
New  CuM.vocK,  a  village,  is  5  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Old 
Cumnock.     Pop.  of  parish,  3434. 

Cumru,  kOom'roo,  a  post-township  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  is 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Schuylkill  River,  which  sepa- 
rates it  from  the  city  of  Reading.  It  has  i  manufactories 
of  wool  hats,  and  7  flour-mills.  It  contains  hamlets  named 
Cumru  and  Mohrsville.     Pop.  2573. 

Cun'dah;  or  Kun'dnh,  a  town  of  Hindostan,  in 
Indore,  100  miles  S.E.  of  Oojein.     Pop.  4000  or  5000. 

CunMccgur'rce,  or  Khandgiri,  kund-ghec'ree,  a 
Tillage  of  India,  in  Orissa,  15  miles  S.  of  Cuttack.  Hero 
are  hills  which  are  perforated  in  every  direction  with  caves, 
many  containing  relics  of  the  old  Booddhistic  period. 
Above  the  entrance  to  several  are  long  inscriptions. 

Cuiidinamarca,  koon-dc-n&-maR'k&,  a  department 
of  the  republic  of  Colombia,  tniversed  by  the  Andes  of  Bo- 
gota. Area,  exclusive  of  the  territories  S.E.  of  the  Meta, 
8800  square  miles,  or,  including  those  territories,  1(2,000 
square  miles.     Capital,  Bogotn.     Pop.  409,602. 

Cun'dy's  Harbor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.. 
Me.,  in  Harpswell  township,  on  the  ocean,  10  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Brunswick. 

<yunene,  or  Cuneni,  koo-ni'ne,  a  river  of  Africa, 
in  Benguela,  flowing  circuitously  along  the  S.E.  extremity 
of  the  kingdom,  and  fiUling  into  tho  Atlantic  under  the 
name  of  Nourse. 

Cuneo,  a  town  and  province  of  Italy.     See  Coxi. 

Cnnha,  koon'yi,  a  town  of  Brazil,  120  miles  E.N.E.  of 
S5o  Paulo,  on  Mont  Faloao.     Pop.  3500. 

Cunhinga,  koon-yeeng'gi,  a  river  of  Africa,  Angola, 
rises  in  lat.  11°  10'  S.,  Ion.  20°  20'  E.,  and  after  a  N.W. 
course  of  130  miles  enters  the  Coanza. 

Cannersdorf,  a  town  of  Bohemia.  See  Kunxersdouf. 

Cun'ninghain,  an  old  district  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr. 

Cun'ningham,  a  station  in  Jefferson  co.,  Ala.,  13 
miles  N.  of  Birmingham. 

Cunningham,  a  post-village  of  Kingman  co.,  Kansas, 
18  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Kingman.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank, 
and  a  newspaper  oSSce.     Pop.  150. 

Cunningham,  a  post-ofiice  of  Carlisle  co.,  Ky.,  about 
7  miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Bardwell. 

Cunningham,  a  post-village  of  Chariton  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  Grand  River,  17  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Brunswick. 
It  has  a  church.     Pop.  200. 

Cunningham,  a  post-village  of  Person  co.,  N.C.,  15 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Danville,  and  11  miles  N.W.  of  Rox- 
borough.  It  has  6  churches,  a  bank,  and  manufactures  of 
tobacco.     Pop.  100. 

Cunningham's  Island,  near  the  W.  end  of  Lake 
Erie,  is  12  miles  N.  of  Sandusky  City,  3  miles  lung,  and  2i 
miles  wide,  constituting  a  part  of  Ottawa  co.,  0. 

Cnntis,  koon-teece',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Galicia,  15 
miles  N.  of  Pontevedra.     Near  it  are  mineral  baths. 

Cuorgn^,  kwonn'yi,,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  12i 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Ivrea,  on  the  Orea.  Pop.  3660.  It  has 
several  churches,  a  hospital,  and  a  copper-foundry. 

Cnpanama,  a  river  of  Guiana.     See  Coppe.vamb. 

Cupar>  (or  Coupar-)  Angus,  koo'p?r-ang'gus,  a 
burgh  of  Scotland,  cos.  of  Perth  and  Forfar,  on  the  Isla,  at 
a  railway  junction,  13  miles  N.N.E.  of  Perth.     Pop.  2149. 

Cn'par»Fife,  a  town  of  Scotland,  capital  of  the  county 
•f  Fife,  iu  the  centre  of  the  "  Howe"  of  Fife,  on  the  Eden, 


82  milea  by  rail  N.  of  Edinburgh.  It  ha*  a  good  parish 
church,  a  handsome  court  hall,  with  a  town  hall,  jail,  public 
library,  various  chapels,  a  corn-exchange,  an  academy, 
reading-rooms,  new8pa])er  ofHces,  banks,  an  active  manufac- 
ture of  linen  goods,  spinning-mills,  corn-,  snufl"-,  and  fulling- 
mills,  breweries,  and  tan-yards.     Pop.  5105. 

Cupica,  koo-pco'kfl.,  a  village  ana  seaport  of  the  republio 
of  Colombia,  on  a  bay  of  the  same  name,  near  the  entrance 
to  the  Bay  of  Panama,  in  lat.  6°  40'  N.,  Ion.  77°  50'  W.  It 
was  once  considered  as  the  probable  western  termination 
of  a  ship-canal  across  the  Isthmus  of  Darien. 

Cu'pids,  a  large  fishing  village  of  Newfoundland,  on 
Port  de  Grave  Bay,  2  miles  from  Brigns.     Pop.  1200. 

Cn'pio,  a  post-village  of  Bullitt  co.,  Ky.,  8  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Shepherds.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  300. 

Cu'pola,  a  post-oSioo  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  13  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Downingtown. 

Cura,  koo'r&.  Villa  de  Cara,  veeVyA  d&  koo'r&,  or 
Ciudad  de  Cura,  se-oo-d&d'  d4  koo'ri,,  a  town  of  Vene- 
zuela, state  of  Aragua,  CO  miles  S.W.  of  Caracas.     P.  9538. 

Cura^oa,  ku-ra-so'a,  or  ku^ra-sO'  (Sp.  Ciiragao,  koo- 
ri-si'o),  the  largest  of  tho  Dutch  West  India  Islands,  lies  75 
miles  from  the  Venezuelan  coast  (lat.  12°  6'  N.,  Ion.  68°  59' 
W.).  Length,  40  miles;  maximum  breadth,  10  miles.  Area, 
212  square  miles.  The  soil  and  climate  are  dry.  Calcareous 
rooks,  with  greenstone  dikes,  abound.  Average  tempera- 
ture, 72°  F. ;  but  the  heat  is  very  great  at  times,  though 
much  modified  by  the  prevailing  N.  and  S.E.  winds.  On 
the  S.  is  a  fine  harbor,  called  St.  Ann's  Bay.  Good  salt  is 
exported,  and  lime-phosphate,  which  is  mined  on  the  island. 
Straw  hats  and  divi-divi  are  also  shipped  hence;  and  the 
island  gives  name  to  the  well-known  liqueur  called  curaj oa. 
Capital,  Willemstad.     Pop.  in  1884,  25,362. 

Little  Cora<;oa  is  a  small  island  in  the  Caribbean  Sea, 
6  miles  S.E.  of  Cura?oa.     Lat.  12°  2'  N. ;  Ion.  68°  38'  W. 

Curaray,  koo-r&-ii',  a  river  of  Ecuador,  rises  in  tho 
Andes,  on  the  N.  side  of  tho  Llanganato  Mountain,  65  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Quito,  and,  after  a  course  of  385  miles  through  a 
flat  country,  falls  into  the  Napo  87  miles  below  San  Miguel. 

Curbitum,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Cohbetta. 

Cur'bridge,  a  hamlet  of  England,  oo.  of  Oxford,  2 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Witney.     Pop.  654.     ' 

Curds'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Daviess  co.,  Ky.,  on 
Green  River,  about  18  miles  S.E.  of  Henderson.  It  has  a 
church  and  2  tobacco-stemmeries. 

Curdsvillc,a  hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  Ky.,  2J  miles  from 
High  Bridge  Station,  which  is  10  miles  AV.  of  Nicholasville. 

Curdsville,  a  post-village  of  Buckingham  co.,  Va.,  2 
miles  N.  of  Farmvillo.     It  has  several  churches. 

Cure,  kiiu,  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  the  department 
of  Niiivro,  and  falls  into  the  Yonne.     Length,  66  miles. 

Cures,  an  ancient  city  of  Italy.     See  Cohhese. 

Cureton's  (kur't9nz)  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Henry 
CO.,  Ala. 

Cureton's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co.,  S.C. 

Cu'ria,  a  post-office  of  Independence  co..  Ark.,  15  miles 
N.E.  of  Batesville. 

Curia,  or  Curia  Rhoitorum.    See  Crur. 

Curia  Major,  the  ancient  name  of  Cortemaogiorb. 

Curia  3Iuria  or  Kuria  Muria  (koo'rc-&  moo're-&) 
Isles,  a  group  of  5  islands  off  the  S.E.  coast  of  Arabia, 
Hellaneeyali  (Hellaniyah),  the  largest  and  only  inhabited 
island,  being  in  lat.  17°  33'  N.,  Ion.  56°  6'  E.  The  islands 
belong  to  'ireat  Britain.  Inferior  guano  has  been  obtained 
here.     Tne  surface  is  sterile. 

Curia  Picta,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Corbetta. 

Curias  Promontorium.     See  Cape  Gatto. 

Curico,  koo-ree-ko',  a  province  of  Chili,  in  the  S.  cen- 
tral part.  Area,  2902  square  miles.  It  is  a  fertile  region, 
with  ores  of  copper  and  gold.  Capital,  Curic6.  Pop.  in 
1875,  92,858;  in  1889,  102,610. 

Curico,  a  town  of  Chili,  capital  of  the  above,  116  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Santiago  de  Chili.     Pop.  9072. 

Curische-IIaff,  or  Kurische-IIatf,  koo'rish-^h- 
hifT,  a  lagoon  or  backwater  of  the  Baltic,  in  East  Prussia, 
extending  along  the  coast  for  about  63  miles  S.  of  Mcmcl,) 
separated  by  a  narrow  sandy  ridge — the  Curische-Nehrung 
(koo'rish-fh-ni'r6ong) — from  the  sea,  with  which  it  com- 
municates at  its  N.  extremity  by  Memcl  Deeps,  a  channel 
300  yards  across  and  12  feet  deep.    It  receives  the  Nicmen. 

Curitiba,  koo-re-tee'bi,  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the 
W.  of  the  mountains  of  Cubatao,  follows  a  circuitous  course 
towards  the  S.  passes  of  Sao  Paulo,  and,  after  receiving  tho 
Sao  Jos6,  turns  W.  and  precipitates  its  waters  over  the 
cataract  of  Cavacunga.  It  ultimately  joins  the  Iguaju, 
which  sometimes  is  considered  as  a  continuation  of  the  Curi- 
tiba and  bears  its  name. 


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989 


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Curitiba,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  the  state  of  Sao  Paulo, 
108  miles  W.  of  Paranagua,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Curi- 
tiba.  Lat.  25°  40'  S. ;  Ion.  50°  5'  W.  It  has  manufactures 
of  coarse  woollens. 

Curland,  a  government  of  Russia.    See  Cocrland. 

Curlls'ville,a  post-village  of  Clarion  co.,  Pa.,  about  30 
miles  S.E.  of  Franklin.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  steam  saw- 
mill.    Pop.  208. 

Curl's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sumter  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  Alabama  Central  Hail  road,  about  60  miles  W.  of 
Be!  ma. 

Curl's  Wharf,  a  post-office  of  Henrico  co.,  Va.,  on 
James  River,  near  Alalvern  Hills. 

Cnrnoul,  a  town  of  India.     See  KunxooL. 

Curragh,  kflr'rdn,  or  The  Curragh  of  Kiltlnre, 
a  plain  of  Ireland,  near  the  centre  of  the  county  of  Kildarc. 
It  is  the  property  of  the  British  crown,  and  is  a  famous 
place  for  horse-races,  military  reviews,  and  the  like.  Area, 
4858  acres. 

Cur'rah,  Kur'rah,  or  Karra,  kur'ra,  a  town  of 
British  India,  district  and  38  miles  N.W.  of  Allahabad,  on 
the  Ganges.     It  has  large  manufactures  of  iron-ware. 

Cur'ran,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sangamon  co.,  HI.,  in  Curran 
township,  and  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  9  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Springfield.  It  has  2  grocery-stores.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 1000. 

Curran,  a  post-office  of  Stone  co.,  Mo. 

Curran,  a  post-village  in  Prescott  co.,  Ontario,  3  miles 
S.  of  Plantagenet,  and  44  miles  E.  of  Ottawa.     Pop.  130. 

Cur'rant  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Fremont  co..  Col. 

Cur'rent,  a  township  of  Dent  co..  Mo.     Pop.  467. 

Current  Island,  an  island  off  the  N.E.  coast  of  Cele- 
bes, Molucca  Passage,  in  lat.  0°  27'  N.,  Ion.  124°  43'  E. 

Current  Island,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  between  Papua 
and  the  Pelew  Islands,  is  in  lat.  4°  38'  N.,  Ion.  132°  3'  E. 
This  island  is  sometimes  called  Anna  or  Poolo  Anna. 

Current  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Murray  co.,  Minn. 

Current  River  rises  in  Missouri,  and  runs  southeast- 
ward through  Shannon,  Carter,  and  Ripley  cos.  It  passes 
into  Randolph  co..  Ark.,  and  enters  the  15ig  Black  River 
about  5  miles  E.  of  Pocahontas.  Its  length  is  estimated  at 
220  miles.  It  is  navigable  by  small  steamboats  or  sloops. 
Forests  of  yellow  pine  grow  along  its  banks. 

Current  River,  a  township  of  Ripley  co..  Mo.  Pop. 
960.     It  contains  Doniphan. 

Current  River,  a  township  of  Shannon  co..  Mo.  P.  325. 

Cur'rie,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Murray  co.,  Minn., 
near  Lake  Shetek,  and  on  its  outlet,  about  90  miles  W.  of 
Mankato.  It  has  a  church,  a  cheese-factory,  2  stores,  and 
a  flouring-mill. 

Curriersville,  kiir'ro-^rz-vll,  a  post-office  of  Moore 
CO.,  N.C, 

Cur'rinsville,  a  post-village  of  Clackamas  co.,  Ore- 
gon, 16  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Oregon  City.  It  has  a  church 
and  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  200. 

Cur'rituck,  a  former  island  of  the  United  States,  off 
the  coast  of  North  Carolina  and  Virginia.  The  closure  of 
Currituck  Inlet  has  converted  it  into  a  peninsula  75  miles 
long  and  2  miles  broad.     It  encloses  Currituck  Sound. 

Currituck,  a  county  forming  the  N.E.  extremity  of 
North  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  250  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean  (or  Currituck 
Sound),  and  on  the  S.  by  Albemarle  Sound.  The  surface  is 
level ;  the  soil  is  sandy.  Indian  corn  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Capital,  Currituck  Court-House.  Pop.  in  1870, 
6131;  in  1880,  6476;  in  1890,  6747. 

Currituck,  N.C.    See  Ccrkituck  Coukt-House. 

Currituck  Court-House,  a  small  post-village,  capi- 
tal of  Currituck  co.,  N.C,  is  on  Currituck  Sound,  about  10 
miles  W.  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  38  miles  S.S.E.  of  Nor- 
folk, Va.     Fish  and  wild  fowls  abound  here. 

Currituck  Sound,  North  Carolina,  is  the  eastern 
boundary  of  Currituck  co.,  and  is  separated  from  the  At- 
lantic Ocean  by  long  narrow  islands  or  sand-banks.  It 
extends  northward  from  Albemarle  Sound,  with  which  it 
communicates,  and  is  about  50  miles  long. 

Cur'ry,  a  county  forming  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Oregon, 
has  an  area  of  about  1600  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  is  intersected  by  Rogue 
River.  The  surface  is  partly  mountainous,  and  is  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests  of  good  timber;  the  soil  of  the 
valleys  is  fertile.  Lumber,  oats,  grass,  and  wool  are  the 
staple  products.  Capital,  Ellensburg.  Pop.  in  1870,  504  j 
in  1880,  1208;  in  1890,  1709. 

Curry  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clearfield  cc,  Pa.,  4 
miles  N.E.  of  Mahaffey.     Pop.  100. 

Curry's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Kendall  co.,  Tex. 


Cnr'ryville,  a  post-village  of  Wells  co.,  Ind.,  8  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Bluffton.  It  has  manufactures  of  hoops, 
and  wooden  trays  and  bowls. 

Curryville,  a  post-village  of  Pike  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  19  miles  S.W.  of  Louisiana.  It 
has  several  churches,  a  bank,  a  public  school,  and  manu- 
factures of  carriages  and  ploughs.     Pop.  302. 

Curryville,  a  post-village  of  Blair  co..  Pa.,  at  the  ter- 
minus of  the  Morrison's  Cove  Railroad  at  Curry  Station,  24 
miles  S.  of  Altoona.  It  is  an  important  shipping-point, 
and  is  in  the  rich  valley  named  Morrison's  Cove. 

Cursato,  kooR-s&'to,  a  mountain-chain  of  British  Gui- 
ana, intersected  by  the  parallel  of  2°  47'  N.  lat. ;  the  highest 
summit  rises  3000  feet  above  the  Tacuta. 

Curtatone,  kooR-ti-to'ni,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy, 
3  miles  from  Mantua,  on  the  Lago  Superiore  of  Mantna, 
and  on  the  high-road  from  Cremona  to  Milan.     Pop.  6124. 

Cur'tice,  a  post- village  of  Ottawa  co.,  0.,  10  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  'Toledo.     It  has  manufactures.     Pop.  350. 

Cur'tin,  a  hamlet  of  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  20  miles  by  rail 
W.S.W.  of  Lock  Haven.  It  has  a  churcli,  a  blast-furnace, 
a  forge,  and  a  grist-mill.     Here  is  Roland  Post-Office. 

Curtiu,  a  post- village  of  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  about  6  miles 
by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Bellefonte.     It  has  general  stores,  <fec. 

Cur'tis,  a  post-village  of  Clark  co.,  Ark.,  9  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Arkadelphia.  It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 
Pop.  100. 

Curtis,  an  incorporated  post-town  of  Frontier  co..  Neb., 
71  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Grant,  and  8  miles  (direct)  N. 
by  W.  of  Stockville.  It  has  2  churches,  3  banks,  2  news- 
paper offices,  a  foundry,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  378. 

Curtis,  a  jiost-hamlet  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie 
Railroad  (Rochester  division),  and  on  the  Conhocton  River, 
8  miles  N.W.  of  Corning.     It  has  a  tannery  and  a  saw-mill. 

Curtis'  Corner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Androscoggin  co., 
Me.,  in  Leeds  township,  on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  16 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Lewiston.     It  has  a  steam  lumber-mill. 

Cur'tis  Island,  an  island  of  Bass's  Strait.  Lat.  39*^ 
28'  S.;  Ion.  146°  40'  E. 

Curtis  Island,  an  island  between  the  N.W.  coast  of 
Australia  and  Timor.     Lat.  12°  27'  S. ;  Ion.  124°  E. 

Curtis'  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alamance  co.,  N.C,  8 
miles  S.  of  Graham.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Cur'tisville,  a  post-village  of  'lipton  co.,  Ind.,  in  Mad- 
ison township,  on  the  railroad  between  Kokomo  and  Ander- 
son, and  on  the  Columbus,  Chicago  &  Indiana  Central  Rail- 
road, 40  miles  S.S.E.  of  Logansport.  It  has  a  lumber-mill. 
Pop.  about  150. 

Curtisville,  a  post-hamlct  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass., 
about  4  miles  S.W.  of  Lenox.  It  haa  a  church  and  a 
manufactory  of  wood-pulp. 

Curuguaty,  koo-roo-gw4-tee',  a  village  of  Paragutiy, 
135  miles  N.E.  of  Assumption.  It  is  a  depot  for  yerha  matS, 
or  Paraguay  tea,  collected  in  its  vicinity. 

Curvale,  kiiuHir,  a  village  of  France,  in  Tarn,  on  the 
Ranco,  16  miles  E.  of  Alby.     Pop.  2402. 

Curvello,  koon-vfil'lo,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  of 
Minas-Geraes,  150  miles  N.N.W.  of  Villa  Rica.     Pop.  1500. 

Curveton,  kurv'ton,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Jefferson  township,  on  the  Wabash  &  Erie  Canal,  and  on  th» 
railroad  which  connects  Logansport  with  Watseka,  HI.,  6 
miles  W.  of  Logansport.  It  has  a  church,  2  flour-mills,  and 
a  saw-mill. 

Cur'wensville,  a  post-borough  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa., 
on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  6  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Clearfield.  It  has  a  bank,  2  tanneries,  a 
woollen-factory,  a  newspaper  office,  5  churches,  2  flour- 
mills,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  shingle-mill.     Pop.  1664. 

Curzola,  koond-zo'li,  or  Corzola,  koRd-zo'lS.  (ane. 
Corcy'ra  Ni'gra  ;  Slavonic,  Korzul,  koR-zool'),  an  island  in 
the  Adriatic,  the  most  beautiful  of  the  islands  of  Dalmatia. 
Lat.  of  Fort  Biaggio,  42°  57'  24"  N.;  Ion.  17°  8'  E.  The 
island  is  separated  by  a  narrow  strait  from  the  peninsula 
of  Sabioncello.  Length,  from  E.  to  W.,  25  miles.  Principal 
products,  timber,  corn,  wine,  and  fruits. 

Curzola,  a  town  of  Austria,  capital  of  the  above,  near 
its  N.E.  extremity,  on  the  strait  between  the  island  and  the 
peninsula  of  Sabioncello.  It  is  surrounded  by  massive  walls 
and  defended  by  huge  towers  built  in  1420.  A  fort  com- 
mands the  strait.  It  contains  the  palace  of  the  Venetiaa 
governors.     Pop.  1992. 

Curzolari  Isles,  coast  of  Greece.    See  Kurzolari. 

Cusano,  koo-si'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  19 
miles  N.W.  of  Benevento.  Pop.  5246.  It  has  3  churches 
and  a  hospital. 

Cuscowil'la,  a  post-office  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  Va. 

Cush,  a  post-office  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa. 


CDS 


000 


CUT 


C«ah'eBdallSorNewHoBcieiit\»townor  Iralaad, 
WwoT  ABtiim,oii  the  Dall,  SS  miles  N.  of  Belfiut.     Pop.  470. 

Cavhinf «  kOStb'ins.  »  pott-village  of  Woodbury  eo., 
Iowa,  37  mile*  bj  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Moville,  and  SA  miles  E. 
by  8.  of  Sioux  City.  Ii  baa  a  church,  a  bank,  and  a  news- 
pftper  oiloa.     Pop.  600. 

Cnahiagt  *  po8t-tovrn*bip  of  Knox  oo.,  Me.,  fa  bounded 
M  the  8.E.  by  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  lOi  miles  S.W.  of  Rock- 
land.    It  has  2  churches.     l>i>i>.  704. 

Cnshinf ,  kod«h'ing,  or  Chat'linnit  a  port-village  in 
Argentouil  oo.,  Quuboo,  65  uiile«  N.W.  uf  Montreal.  It 
oontains  griat-  and  saw-mill»,  and  has  a  lumber  trade. 

Cusbing'at  a  station  on  the  Portsmouth  A,  Dover  llaiU 
road,  7  miles  N.  of  Portsmouth,  N.H. 

CnshiUB*!  laland,  a  place  of  summor  resort,  in  the 
harbor  of  Portland,  Me.,  3  miles  from  the  town.  Area  of 
the  island,  250  acre.". 

Ca»hing\'illc»  Georgia.    See  Bri.n80.nvii.le. 

Cushiiian,  kddt-h'm^n,  a  post-village  of  Independence 
00.,  Ark.,  12  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  liatesville.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  100. 

Cushman,  n  poet-hamlet  of  Moultrie  co..  111.,  4  miles 
by  mil  N.  of  Sullivan. 

Cu'8ick's  Cross  Roads,  post-ofBce,  Sevier  co.,  Tenn. 

Cussact  kiisV&k',  a  town  of  France,  in  Uaute-Vienne, 
21  miles  S.W,  of  Limoges,     Pop.  1864. 

Cnssct,  kiis'si',  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Allior,  36  miles 
S.  of  Moulins,  and  1  mile  E.  of  Vichy.  Pop.  6575.  It  is 
pleasantly  situated  in  a  valley,  and  has  paper-mills,  tan- 
neries, and  oil-mills. 

Cuss'eta,  a  post-village  of  Chambers  oo.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Western  Ilailroaa  of  Alabama,  11  miles  N.N.E.  of  Opelika. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  about  250. 

Cusseta,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Chattahoochee  co., 
Ga.,  IS  miles  S.E.  of  Columbus.  It  baa  3  churches  and  a 
tannery.     Pop.  216. 

Cusscta,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  Tex.,  18  miles  W. 
of  Atlanta  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church  and  5  stores. 

Cussewa'go,  township,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1674. 

Cusscwa'go  (or  Cussawa'go)  Creek,  Pennsyl- 
vania, runs  nearly  southward  in  Crawford  co.,  and  enters 
French  Creek  about  2  miles  above  Mcadvillc. 

Cos'sick's  Mills,  a  station  in  Muskingum  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Cincinnati  &  Muskingum  Valley  Kailroad,  6  miles  from 
Zancsvillo. 

Cussy-en-Morvaiit,kU8'8eo'-6N«-moRV6N<'',  a  village 
of  France,  Sa6ne-et-Loire,  12mile8N.W.  of  Autun.  P.  2257. 

Cus'tnr,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co.,  0.,  in  Milton  town- 
ship, on  the  Dayton  &  Michigan  Railroad,  32  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Toledo.     It  has  3  churches  and  1  or  2  lumber-mills. 

Cus'tard's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  4  miles 
from  Geneva  Railroad  Station. 

Cus'ter,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Colorado,  is 
drained  by  small  affluents  of  the  Arkansas  River.  The  sur- 
face is  mountainous.  The  Sangrc  dc  Cristo  range  extends 
along  the  S.W.  border  of  the  county,  which  has  rich  mines 
of  silver.  Capital,  Silver  Cliff.  Pop.  in  1880,  8080;  in 
1890,  2970. 

Custer,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Montana,  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Yellowstone  River,  and  is  also  drained  by 
the  Tongue  River.  The  soil  is  fertile  and  adapted  to  pas- 
turage. Capital,  Miles  City.  Pop.  in  1880,  2510;  in  1890, 
6308. 

Caster,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Nebraska,  is 
intersected  by  the  Middle  Loup  River.  The  surface  is  a 
nearly  level  prairie.  Capital,  Broken  Bow.  Pop.  in  1880, 
2211;  in  1890,  21,677. 

Custer,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  South  Dakota, 
comprises  part  of  the  Black  Hills.  It  is  well  watered,  and 
has  plenty  of  timber.  Gold  and  silver  are  found  here. 
Capital,  Custer.     Pop.  in  1880,  995  ;  in  1890,  4891. 

Custer,  a  post-village  of  Breckenridge  co.,  Ky.,  13  miles 
W.  of  Vine  Grove  Station.     It  baa  a  church  and  2  stores. 

Caster,  a  post-village  of  Mason  co.,  Mich.,  11  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Ludington.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  350. 

Custer,  a  post- village  of  Custer  co..  Neb. 

Caster,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Stony 
Creek  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Norristown. 

Custer,  a  post-village,  cupital  of  Custer  co.,  S.D.,  62 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Deadwood.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks, 
•and  3  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  790. 

Custer,  a  post-office  of  Portage  oo..  Wis.,  on  the  Wis- 
consin Central  Railroad,  7i  miles  E.  of  Stevens  Point. 

Custer  City,  formerly  De  Golier  (or  Golia),  a  post- 
Tillage  of  McKean  co..  Pa.,  14  miles  S.  of  CarrolUon,  N.Y., 
It  has  a  lumber-mill.     Petroleum  is  found  here. 

Custer  City,  a  post- village  of  Cooke  co.,  Tex.,  28  miles 


W.  of  Sherman.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-iiiill,  and  a  taw- 
mill. 

Custer  Park,  a  post-village  of  Will  co..  III.,  6  uiiloa 
by  rail  S.  of  Wilmington.  It  has  2  churches,  a  creamery, 
and  ice-house*.     Pop.  lUO. 

CUatriu,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  KUstrin. 

Cutch,  or  Kutch,  ktitch,  written  also  Catch,  and 
Katcli  (native,  Kachh),a  native  state  of  India,  forming  a 
kind  of  peninsula,  having  on  the  S.  the  Indian  Ocean  and  the 
Gulf  of  Cutch,  and  on  the  X.  and  E.  a  curious  and  o.^tcni^ive 
tract,  called  the  Runn  or  Run  of  Cutch,  which  for  half  tlio 
yotir  is  flooded  by  the  rivers  and  by  the  sea,  which  driven  in 
by  the  S.W.  monsoon  converts  Cutch,  and  at  times  even 
Katty  war,  into  an  island.  For  the  other  half  of  the  yeivr  the 
Runn  is  in  parts  a  morass,  but  elsewhere  a  dry  dei<ert. 
Area  of  Cutch,  6500  square  miles ;  of  the  Runn,  8000  square 
miles.  Cutch  suffers  much  from  drought.  It  is  governed 
by  a  native  chief  called  the  Rao,  or  Rawul,  under  British 
protection.     Capital,  Bhooj.     Po]).  204,099. 

Cutch  Babar,  India.     See  Cooch  Bahar. 

Cutch  Ciiundava,  k&tch  gCn-dU'vil,  called  also  Cat'- 
chcc,  a  province  of  Beloochistun,  mostly  between  lat.  27" 
10'  and  29°  50'  N.  and  Ion.  07°  21'  and  69°  15'  E.,  having 
W.  the  provinces  of  Sarawan  and  Jhalawan,  N.  Afghan- 
istan, and  E.  Sinde.  Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  160  miles; 
breadth,  130  miles.  Area,  9000  square  miles.  Pop.  100,000. 
Surface  low  and  generally  level,  but  ill  watered  and  des- 
titute of  forest  land;  and  the  climate  is  oppressively  hot. 
Where  irrigated,  fine  crops  of  grain,  pulse,  cotton,  sugar, 
madder,  and  fruits  arc  produccil ;  and  this  is  the  most  val- 
uable part  of  the  Khan's  dominion.  It  has  also  some  com- 
mercial importance,  from  being  travoi-sed  by  the  principal 
routes  from  Sinde  into  Afghanii'tan.  Principal  towns, 
Gundava,  Dadur,  B'hag,  the  capital,  Lehreo,  and  Kotrcc. 

Cutchoguc,  kat-chOg',  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Southold  township,  1  mile  S.  of  Cutchogue  Station, 
which  is  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  87  miles  E.  of  Brook- 
lyn,  and  1  mile  from  Long  Island  Sound.  It  is  near  Pe- 
conic  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  ocean.  It  has  4  churches  and 
nearly  100  houses.     Pop.  about  700. 

Cut'haud%  a  post-offioe  of  Red  River  co.,  Tex. 

Cuth'bert,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Randolph  co.,  Ga., 
47  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Americus,  and  26  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Eufaula,  Ala.  It  contains  a  court-bouse,  the  Andrews 
Female  College,  the  Southwest  Georgia  Agricultural  and 
Military  College,  a  bank,  6  churches,  and  2  newspaper 
offices.     Pop.  2328. 

Cutigliano,  koo-teel-yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Tus- 
cany, 33  miles  N.W.  of  Florence,  on  the  Lima.     Pop.  2508. 

Cut'ler,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co.,  III.,  on  the  Chester 
&  Tamaroa  Railroad,  21  miles  E.N.E.  of  Chester.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Cutler,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind  ,  on  Wild  Cat 
River,  and  on  the  Logansport,  Crawfordsville  it  Southwestern 
Railroad,  23  miles  S.S.W.  of  Logansport.  It  has  a  church, 
a  saw-mill,  &c. 

Cutler,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  610. 

Cutler,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Me.,  in  Cutler 
township,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  18  miles  E.S.E.  of  Mauhias. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  lumber-mill;  also  a  good  harbor 
for  large  vessels.     Pop.  of  the  township,  925. 

Cutler,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  20  miles  W.  by  S.  from 
Marietta.     It  has  a  church. 

Cutler's  Corners,  Michigan.    See  North  Adams. 

Cut  Otf,  a  station  on  the  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Rail- 
road, 1  mile  from  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

Cut  Shin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Leslie  co.,  Ky.,  6  miles  E. 
of  Ilyden. 

Cuttack',  Cattack',orKatak'  (ane.  C«<ao,  ki'tik', 
"a  royal  residence"),  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the  dis- 
trict of  Cuttack  and  of  the  province  of  Orissa.  on  the  Maha- 
nuddy,  at  the  head  of  its  delta,  220  miles  S.W.  of  Calcutta. 
A  cnnal  extends  hence  to  False  Point.  It  has  a  high  school, 
college,  law-school,  and  lunatic  asylum.  Its  filigree-work 
in  gold  and  silver  is  famous.     Pop.  60,000. 

Cuttack,  a  district  of  Orissa,  British  India,  bounded 
E.  by  the  Bay  of  Bengal.  Lat.  20°-21°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  85° 
36'-87°  5' E.  Area,  3178  square  miles.  The  Mahanuddy 
delta  and  other  coast-portions  are  very  flat.  Capital,  Cut- 
tack.    Pop.  1,494,734. 

Cuttack'  Mchals',  or  the  Tributary  States  of 
Orissa,  a  group  of  20  small  native  states  in  the  western 
part  of  Orissa,  British  India.  United  area,  10,218  square 
miles.  Their  names  are  Ungool,  Atbgurh,  Athroullik, 
Bankee,  Baramba,  Boatl,  the  Khond-Mals,  Duspulla,  Dhen- 
kanal,  liindole,  Keui^har,  Khuudpara,  Mohurbhunj,  Nur- 


CUT 


991 


CYM 


rinhpoor,  Nayagurh,  Nilgiri,  Pal  Lahara,  Runpoor,  Talcher, 
and  Tigaria.  They  are  inhabited  principally  by  hill-men  of 
various  tribes.     Pop.  1,500,000. 

Cut'terah,  a  village  of  British  India,  30  miles  S.E.  of 
Bareilly. 

Cut'ting  Hol'low,  a  hamlet  of  Windham  eo.,  Vt.,  in 
Guilford  township,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Brattleborough.  It 
has  a  church.     Here  is  Green  River  Post-Office. 

Cut'tingsville,  a  post-village  of  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Shrewsbury  township,  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  9 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Rutland.  It  has  a  church,  a  lumber-mill,  a 
tannery,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Cutt'ub,  or  Kut'ab,  a  small  town  of  British  India, 
13  miles  S.  of  Delhi,  with  many  tombs  of  Mogul  emperors, 
and  the  Cuttub-Minar,  an  edifice  212  feet  in  height,  erected 
early  in  the  thirteenth  century. 

Cut'tup,  or  Kut'tup,  a  town  of  Africa,  state  and  75 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Jacoba.     Lat.  9°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  10°  15'  E. 

Cut'tyhunk^  Island,  the  most  southwestern  of  the 
Elizabeth  Islands,  at  the  entrance  of  Buzzard's  Bay,  Massa- 
chusetts. At  its  S.W.  end  is  a  fixed  light,  lat.  41°  24'  35" 
N.,  Ion.  70°  56.7'  W. 

Cut'wa  (native,  Kahoa,  kut'wa,  and  Kangtoya,  kung- 
to'ya),  a  town  of  Bengal,  district  and  30  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Burdwan,  on  the  Upper  Iloogly.  It  has  a  ferry,  a  dispensary, 
a  native  bank,  and  a  large  trade,  and  is  a  place  of  pilgrim- 
age.    Pop.  7963. 

Cu  Vier',  a  township  of  St.  Charles  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  3174. 

Cuvo,  koo'vo,  a  river  of  Western  Africa,  in  Lower 
Guinea,  Benguela,  enters  the  Atlantic  120  miles  S.  of 
the  Coanza,  after  a  course  estimated  at  400  miles. 

Cuxhaven,  or  Kuxhafen,  kiix-hi'v?n,  or  k55x-hi'- 
f^n,  a  seaport  of  Germany,  58  miles  W.N.W.  of  Hamburg,  to 
which  it  belongs,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Elbe,  at  its  mouth, 
in  the  district  of  Ritzebuttel,  in  lat.  53°  53'  N.,  Ion.  8°  44' 
E.  It  is  a  railway  terminus  and  a  harbor  of  refuge,  and  has 
a  new  artificial  port.     Pop.,  with  Ritzebiittel,  4102. 

Cuyaba,  or  Cuiaba,  koo-yi-bi',  a  river  of  Brazil, 
rises  in  the  district  of  Diamantina,  in  lat.  13°  12'  S,  It 
flows  circuitously,  and  joins  the  Porrudos,  or  Sao  Lourenjo, 
on  its  right  bank.  Above  the  town  of  Cuyabi  it  is  navi- 
gable for  canoes,  but  is  much  broken  by  rapids,  and  even 
for  60  miles  below  the  town  its  course  is  very  impetuous. 

Cuyaba,  Cniaba,  or  Senhor  Bom  Jesus  de 
Cuyaba,  s6n-yor'  hh^s9  zhi'soos  dA  koo-yi-bi',  a  city  of 
Brazil,  capital  of  the  province  of  Matto-Grosso,  near  the  above 
river.  Lat.  15°  26'  S. ;  Ion.  56°  W.  Its  houses  are  mostly 
of  clay.  Chief  edifices,  the  churches  of  Bom  Jesus,  Sao  do 
Rozario,  and  San  Antonio.  It  has  an  imperial  hospital,  a 
lazaretto,  a  school  of  philosophy,  and  a  Latin  and  other 
schools.  Cuyabit  supplanted  Matto-Grosso  as  capital  of  the 
province  in  1820.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  provincial  assembly, 
of  the  military  commandant,  and  of  a  bishop.  Its  com- 
merce consists  chiefly  in  the  exchange  of  iron  implements 
and  other  European  goods  for  gold.  Pop.  15,000.  The  rich 
gold-mines  of  the  district  have  been  worked  since  1719. 

Cuyahoga,  ki-a-ho'ga,  a  northern  county  of  Ohio,  has 
an  area  of  about  450  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  Lake  Erie,  and  intersected  by  the  Cuyahoga  and  Rocky 
Rivers,  and  also  drained  by  the  Chagrin  River.  The  surface 
is  nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  fertile  and  adapted  to  pasturage 
and  dairies.  The  staple  products  are  cheese,  butter,  hay, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  and  potatoes.  Among  the  forest  trees 
are  the  beech,  elm,  hickory,  chestnut,  oak,  and  sugar-maple. 
The  most  important  topographical  feature  of  this  county  is 
the  deeply  excavated  channel  of  the  Cuyahoga  River.  Car- 
boniferous sandstone  underlies  the  greater  part  of  the  sur- 
face, and  iron  ore  is  found  here.  One  of  the  chief  articles 
of  export  is  Berea  Grit,  a  sandstone  which  is  a  good  ma- 
terial for  building  and  for  grindstones.  The  value  of  the 
annual  product  of  these  quarries  is  given  as  about  $400,000. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Lake  Shore  <fc  Michigan 
Southern  Railroad,  the  Cleveland  <fc  Pittsburg  Railroad,  and 
other  lines,  which  are  noticed  under  Cleveland,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  132,010;  in  1880,  196,943;  in  1890,  309,970. 

Cuyahoga  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Summit  co.,  0.,  is 
finely  situated  on  the  Cuyahoga  River,  6  miles  by  rail  N.E. 
of  Akron,  and  34  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cleveland.  It  has  5 
churches,  a  national  bank,  a  flouring-mill,  a  tannery,  a 
rolling-mill,  a  paper-mill,  a  paper-bag  factory,  2  wagon- 
works,  rivet-works,  2  machine-shops,  a  union  school-bouse 
which  cost  $40,000,  steel-  and  wood-pulley  works,  lumber- 
yards, and  manufactures  of  tiles,  sewer-pipe,  brick,  sash, 
&e.  One  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.  Pop.  in 
1880,  2294;  in  1890,  2614. 

Cuyahoga  River,  Ohio,  rises  in  Geauga  co.,  and  runs 
first  nearly  southward  to  Portage  co.,  which  it  intersects. 


It  flows  southwestward,  and  enters  Summit  co.,  in  which  it 
falls  about  200  feet  in  the  course  of  2  J  miles,  and  runs  in 
a  narrow  gorge  300  feet  deep.  Below  these  falls  it  turns 
northward,  and  passes  into  Cuyahoga  co.,  through  which  it 
runs  in  a  N.N.W.  direction  until  it  enters  Lake  Erie  at 
Cleveland.  It  is  nearly  100  miles  long,  but  its  mouth  is 
not  much  more  than  30  miles  (direct)  from  its  source. 

Cuyler,  ki'ler,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cortland  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Cuyler  township,  on  the  East  Branch  of  the  Tioughnioga 
River,  17  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Cortland.  It  has  a  church, 
an  academy,  a  wagon -factory,  a  cheese-factory,  a  saw- 
mill, a  flour-  and  feed-mill,  and  manufactures  of  washing- 
machines,  benches,  <fee.     Pop.  300;  of  the  township,  1095. 

Cuylerville,  ki'l^r-vil,  a  post-village  of  Livingston 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Genesee  River,  about  30  miles  by  rail 
S.S.AV.  of  Rochester,  and  2  miles  S.W.  of  Geneseo.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  distillery. 

Cuyos  (koo'yoce)  Islands,  a  group  of  small  islands 
of  the  Philippines,  between  Palawan  and  Panay.  The 
largest  of  them.  Great  Cuyo,  is  in  lat.  10°  52'  N.,  Ion.  121° 
15'  E.,  is  defended  by  a  fort,  and  has  a  small  port  on  tho 
N.W.  side.     Pop.  of  town  of  Cuyo,  7540, 

Cuyuui,  Cuyuny,  koo-yoo'nee,  or  Cuyuwini,  koo- 
yoo-wee'nee,  a  river  of  British  Guiana,  tributary  to  the 
Essequibo,  which  it  joins  from  tho  W.  in  lat.  6°  26'  N.,  Ion. 
58°  43'  AV.,  after  receiving  the  Massaroony. 

Cuzco,  koos'ko,  a  city  of  Peru,  capital  of  a  department, 
and  formerly  capital  of  the  Incas,  200  miles  (by  railway 
462  miles)  N.  of  Arequipa,  and  11,380  feet  above  the  sea. 
Lat.  13°  30'  55"  S.;  Ion.  72°  4'  10"  W.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  cotton  and  woollen  stuffs,  leather,  embroidery,  <fcc. 
Its  cathedral  and  Augustine  convent  are  among  the  finest 
edifices  in  South  America;  and  here  arc  a  mint,  hospitals, 
collegiate  schools,  and  a  university.  It  is  a  bishop's  see. 
Its  Dominican  convent  occupies  tho  site  of  a  famous  Peru- 
vian temple  of  the  sun,  and  many  massive  specimens  of 
ancient  Peruvian  architecture  are  extant  in  and  around  the- 
city.  On  its  N.  side  are  remains  of  a  vast  fortress  of  a 
Cyclopean  kind,  and  traces  remain  of  a  magnificent  road 
extending  thence  to  Lima,  350  miles  distant. 

Cuzco  is  tho  most  ancient  of  tho  Peruvian  cities,  being 
founded,  according  to  tradition,  in  1043,  by  Manco  Capac, 
the  first  Inca  of  Peru.  In  1534  it  was  taken  by  Pizarro, 
who  was  surprised  at  tho  grandeur  and  magnificence  it 
exhibited.  Its  streets  were  then  largo,  wide,  and  straight, 
and  its  churches,  palaces,  and  temples,  the  latter  including 
the  famous  Temple  of  the  Sun,  were  richly  adorned  with 
ornaments  of  gold  and  silver.  While  still  in  possession  of 
Pizarro,  it  was  besieged  by  the  Peruvians  and  a  great  part 
of  it  destroyed.     Pop.  about  20,000. 

Cuzco,  a  department  of  Southern  Peru,  mostly  between 
lat.  13°  and  15°  S.  and  Ion.  70°  and  73°  AV.,  having  AV.  and 
S.  the  departments  of  Ayacucho  and  Puno.  Area,  95,547 
square  miles.  Pop.  in  1876,  238,455.  Its  chief  towns  aro 
Cuzco  and  Urubamba. 

Cwmdare,  koom'dair,  a  hamlet  of  AVales,  co.  of  Ql,a- 
morgan,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Mcrthyr-Tydvil.  In  its  vicinity  is 
a  cascade,  the  bed  of  which  emits  an  inflammable  gas. 

Cwmdu,  koom'deo,  a  town  of  AVales,  co.  of  Glamorgan, 
7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bridgend.     Pop.  5836. 

Cwmrheidol,  koom-ri'dol,  a  township  of  AVales,  co. 
of  Cardigan,  10  miles  E.  of  Aberystwith.     Pop.  1470. 

Cyclades,  sik'la-dGz  (so  called  because  arranged  in  a 
kind  of  circle  [cyclos']  around  the  isle  of  Delos),  a  group 
of  twelve  Greek  islands  in  tho  jSgean,  so  named  by  tho 
ancients.  They  are  Delos,  Syra,  Andro,  Tino,  Myconus, 
Naxos,  Paros,  Antiparos,  Siphanto,  Serpho,  Thermia,  and 
Zea,  with  several  islets.  But  the  present  nome  of  the  Cyc- 
lades includes  not  only  the  above,  but  also  some  of  tho 
Sporados,  such  as  Milo,  Santorini,  Argentiera,  Policandro, 
Sikino,  Nio,  Amorgos,  and  Anaphe,  with  many  islets.  Cap- 
ital, Syra.     Pop.  123,299. 

Cydnus,  sid'nus  (Gr.  RvSvos;  Turk.  Tersoos  Chai, — 
i.e.,  "  River  of  Tarsus"),  a  river  of  Asia  Minor,  in  Cilicia 
( Adana),  of  great  historic  fame.  It  was  anciently  navigabla 
to  Tarsus,  but  its  mouth  is  now  crossed  by  an  impassable  bar. 

Cydonia,  or  Cydonis,  ancient  names  of  Khania. 

Cydweli,  a  town  of  Wales.    See  Kidwelly. 

Cyg'net,  a  post-village  of  AVood  co.,  0.,  10  miles  by  rail 
S,  of  Bowling  Green.  It  has  a  church,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  steam-boiler  and  wooden  oil-tank  factories.    Pop.  670. 

Cylle'ne  (Gr.  KvAA^nj;  modern  Gr.  iTyna),  a  celebrated 
mountain  of  Greece,  at  the  N.E.  angle  of  Arcadia. 

Cy'lon,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Croix  eo.,  AVis.,  on  Willow 
River,  about  28  miles  N.E.  of  Hudson.     It  has  a  church. 

Cyme,  the  ancient  name  of  Sandarlee. 

Cymry,  the  Welsh  name  of  AVales. 


CTN 


992 


OTR 


CTBadrowTf  »  town  of  Bohemlft.    Sm  Kralowiti. 

Cira«tha«  tb«  ancient  name  of  Kalavrita. 

Ciraell'Mawr,  kin'ell-mSwr,  » township  of  Wales,  oo. 
cT  QurdiKM).  0  mile*  ii.K.  of  Aberyatwith.     Pop.  68&. 

Cyatbiaaa,  ain-the-ah'nf.  a  poet-village  of  Posey  oo., 
lad.,  18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Eransrille.  It  baa  3  or  4  ohurchas 
and  a  flour-mill. 

Cynthiana^  Indiana,  the  aame  aa  Blub  Ridob. 

Cyathianaf  a  post-village,  capital  of  Harrison  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  South  Fork  of  the  Licking  River,  and  on  the  Ken- 
tucky Central  Railroad,  S3  miles  N.N.E.  of  Losington,  and 
M  miles  S.  by  K.  from  Cincinnati.  It  contains  8  churches, 
»  eonrt-bouse,  2  national  banks,  a  carriage-shop,  Smith's 
Institute,  and  printing-oflSoos  which  issue  S  weeiily  news- 
papers.    Pop.  in  I89U,  3016. 

Cynthiann,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  oo.,  0.,  about  24 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Cbillioothe.    It  has  2  ohurobes. 

Cynthiana,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  oo.,  Tcnn. 

Cynwyd,  kln'wld,  a  railroad  station  in  Montgomery 
00.,  Pu.,  7  miles  from  Broad  Street  Station,  Philadelphia. 

Cypernf  the  German  for  Cyprus. 

Cypre  Mort>  seep'r  moR,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Mary's 
parish,  La.,  on  Bayou  Teohe,  about  50  miles  N.W.  of  Mor- 
gan City.    It  has  3  stores  and  a  barrel-factory. 

Cy'press,  a  station  on  the  Little  Rock,  Pine  Bluff  & 
Texas  Railroad,  6  miles  from  Collins,  Ark. 

Cypress^  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Fla.,  10  miles 
by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Marianna.  It  has  a  church,  and  manu- 
factures of  turpentine.     Pop.  200. 

Cypress  Uayon,  bi'oo,  Arkansas,  runs  northward 
through  Novodiv  co.,  and  enters  the  Little  Missouri  River. 

Cypress  Creek^  Arkansas,  runs  eastward,  forms  the 
boundary  between  Lonoke  and  White  cos.,  and  enters  Des 
Aro  Bayou. 

Cypress  Creek  rises  in  Wayne  oo.,  Tonn.,  runs  south- 
ward through  Lauderdale  co.,  Ala.,  and  enters  the  Tennes- 
see River  at  Florence. 

Cypress  Creek,  Texas.    See  Bio  Cypress. 

Cypress  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  III. 

Cypress  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Bladen  co.,  N.C. 

Cypress  Creek,  a  township  of  Duplin  co.,  N.C.  Pop. 
1024.  It  contains  Chinquopin,  Deep  Bottom,  and  Trimble's 
Mills.     The  township  bos  6  churches  and  an  academy. 

Cypress  Creek,  township,  Franklin  co.,  N.C.   P.  1087. 

Cypress  Creek,  a  township  of  Jones  oo.,  N.C.     P.  541. 

Cypress  Hill,  Kings  oo.,  N.Y.,  is  a  village  or  suburb 
of  East  New  York,  on  the  Brooklyn  Central  &  Jamaica 
Railroad.  It  has  a  church,  a  manufactory  of  chemicals,  and 
a  cemetery  named  Cypress  Hill. 

Cypress  Inn,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Tenn. 

Cypress  Junction,  a  station  in  Qallatin  co..  111.,  at 
the  junction  of  tho  Springfield  division  of  the  Ohio  A  Mis- 
sissippi Riiilrood  .with  the  Shawneetown  division  of  the 
St.  Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Shawnee- 
town. 

Cypress  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Blanco  co.,  Tex. 

Cypress  Mine,  a  station  in  Muhlenburg  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Louisville  &  Paducah  Railroad,  128  miles  S.W.  of 
Louisville,  in  the  coal-region  of  Western  Kentucky. 

Cypress  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  oo..  Ark., 
9i  miles  S.  of  Brinkley  Railroad  Station. 

Cypress  Top,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harris  co.,  Tex.,  on 
Cypress  Creek,  and  on  the  Houston  &  Texas  Central  Rail- 
road, 26  miles  N.W.  of  Houston. 

Cyprus,  si'priis  (Turk.  Kibrit,  kee'breece^ ;  Gr.  Kiiirpot; 
Fr.  Chypre,  sheep'r;  Ger.  Cypern,  tsee'p^rn;  Ital.  Cipro, 
^hee'pro),  an  island  of  the  Levant,  in  the  Mediterranean, 
neitr  the  mouth  of  the  Gulf  of  Iskanderoon,  44  miles  S.  of 
Cape  Anamoor,  in  Anatolia,  and  76  miles  W.  of  Latakeea,  in 
Syria;  Cape  St.  Andrea,  its  N.E.  extremity,  is  in  lat.  35° 
41'  42"  N.,  Ion.  34°  35'  30"  E.,  and  Baffa,  near  its  S.W. 
extremity,  is  in  lat.  34°  47'  18"  N.,  Ion.  32°  24'  30"  E.  It 
h>  about  148  miles  in  length,  with  a  width  of  about  40  miles ; 
'but  its  N.E.  extremity  diminishes  greatly,  and  terminates 
in  a  long,  narrow  peninsula,  about  40  miles  long,  and  not 
over  15  miles  broad.  The  island  is  occupied  by  a  range  of 
mountains  stretching  from  N.E.  toS.W.,  whose  culminating 
points,  Santa  Croce  (Olympus)  and  Thrados,  are  7000  feet 
nigh.  On  the  N.E.  side  of  the  island  the  slopes  of  these 
mountains  are  bold  and  rugged ;  and  one  of  the  elevated 
valleys  contains  Nicosia,  the  modem  capital  of  the  island. 
On  the  S.  side  the  hill-slopes  are  even  bolder,  presenting  a 
deeply  serrated  outline,  with  thickly-wooded  sides,  furrowed 
by  deep  valleys.  The  prevailing  formation  of  tho  mountain- 
range  in  its  N.E.  division  is  limestone.  Tho  S.W.  portion 
of  the  mountains  yields  excellont  asbestos,  also  talc,  red 
lasper,  copper,  gold,  and  silver.     Its  copper-mines  .were 


once  important;  and  the  modern  name  of  that  metal  ii 
derived  irom  the  word  Cyprus. 

Cyprus  is  deflcicnt  in  water,  its  streams  being  chiefly 
mountain-torrents,  which  dry  up  in  summer.  'I'ho  only 
permanent  river  of  importance  is  tho  Pudia  (ano.  I'rdittai), 
which  waters  the  valley  of  Nicosia,  flows  E.,  and  fulls  into 
the  sea  at  Fomagusta.  Tho  climate  is  in  general  hi-althy, 
except  in  some  points  on  tho  S.  coast  during  the  heats  of 
summer,  much  increased  by  the  burning  winds  from  the 
Arabian  and  African  deserts,  which,  causing  a  rapid  evnp< 
oration,  give  rise  to  a  dangerous  malaria. 

The  mountains  of  Cyprus  aro  covered  with  vast  forests 
of  excellent  timber,  and  tho  island  is  esteemed  the  richest 
and  most  fertile  in  the  Levant;  yet  it  has  few  level  tracts 
of  country,  those  around  Nicosia,  Famagusta,  Larnnca,  Li- 
masol,  and  Baffa  being  the  chief.  Agriculture,  however,  is 
in  a  backward  state.  The  cultivable  surface  of  the  island 
is  estimated  at  about  2,500,U0U  acres,  of  which  not  much 
more  than  130,000  acres  aro  actually  under  tillage.  Of  the 
vegetable  products,  cotton,  wheat,  barley,  and  tobacco  of 
good  quality  aro  grown ;  madder,  after  that  from  Smyrna 
the  best  in  the  Levant,  is  raised  in  numerous  localities. 
Silk  is  produced  abundantly,  and  carobs  are  extensively 
grown,  but  the  olive  is  neglected.  Wine  is  the  most  noted 
production  of  the  island,  and  is  of  excellent  quality.  The 
other  vegetable  products  are  sugar,  flax,  sesamum,  poppies, 
liquorice,  and  fruits,  including  the  orange,  citron,  date,  fig, 
pistachio-nuts,  caper,  &o.  Cyprns  is  famed  in  the  East  for 
Its  fine  mules.     Many  camels  are  also  bred. 

Manufacturing  is  carried  on  to  some  extent.  Salt,  in  large 
quantities,  is  obtained  from  salines  at  Limasol  and  Lar- 
naca.  The  Greek  females  of  some  of  the  towns  and  villages 
do  beautiful  embroidery,  and  make  silk  net  which  will 
stand  comparison  with  the  finest  lace.  The  females  also 
weave  cotton,  woollen,  and  linen  fabrics.  Good  morocco 
leather  is  made  at  Nicosia.  Pottery  sufficient  for  home 
consumption  is  manufactured. 

For  administriitive  purposes  the  island  is  divided  into  6 
districts, — Nicosia,  Larnaoii,  Limasol,  Famagusta,  Papho, 
and  Kyrenia.  Its  two  chief  ]>orts  are  Larnaca  and  Lima- 
sol, and  its  chief  towns  Nicosia,  Famagusta,  Papho,  and 
Kyrenia.     Total  area  3584  square  miles. 

Originally  peopled  by  the  Phoenicians,  and  afterwards 
colonized  by  the  Greeks,  Cyprus  was  by  the  latter  people 
dedicated  to  Venus,  whose  must  celebrated  temple  was  at 
Papho,  now  Baffa.  It  belonged  successively  to  the  Per- 
sians, the  Egyptians,  tho  Romans,  and  the  tirccks  of  the 
lower  empire.  It  was  one  of  tho  first  places,  out  of  Piiles- 
tine,  that  received  the  gospel,  and  was  visited  by  Paul  and 
Barnabas  on  their  missionary  tour.  In  the  time  of  the 
Crusades  it  was  taken  from  the  Saracens  by  Richard  I.  of 
England,  and  given  by  him  to  the  princes  of  the  Lusignan 
family,  who  held  it  till  the  year  1570,  when  it  was  con- 
quered by  the  Turks.  Prior  to  tho  Russo-Turkish  war  in 
1878,  the  island  formed  a  pashalic  of  Turkey,  of  which  the 
capital  was  Nicosia.  In  1878  it  was  conveyed  by  treaty  to 
Great  Britain,  the  sultan  retaining  the  sovereignty  of  the 
island,  and  receiving  an  annual  payment  of  money  in  place 
of  its  revenues;  in  1887  it  was  ceded  to  Great  Britain. 

Since  the  discovery  of  rich  and  abundant  remains  of 
antiquity  in  this  island,  increased  interest  has  been  taken 
in  its  eventful  though  somewhat  obscure  history.  Its  an- 
tiquities have  special  importance  as  illustrating  some  stages 
of  the  early  history  of  sculpture  and  the  kindred  arts.     Pop. 

in  1891,  209,291. Adj.  and  inhab.  Cyprian,  sip're-an, 

Cyp'riot,  Cyp'riotb,  or  Cypku'sian.  The  first  should  be 
employed  only  when  ancient  Cyprus  is  referred  to. 

Cyr,  seer,  a  township  of  Aroostook  co..  Mo.     Pop.  370. 

Cyrenaica,  an  ancient  name  for  Barca. 

Cyrene,  si-ree'nee  (Gr.  Kvp>)>n],  Karene),  called  by  the 
natives  Grennc,  or  Grcnnah,  grSn'n^h,  a  miserable 
town  of  Africa,  550  miles  E.  of  Tripoli,  on  the  plateau  of 
Barca,  occupying  the  place  of  the  ancient  Cyrene,  1800  feet 
above  the  sea-level.  Lat.  32°  5U'  N. ;  Ion.  21°  47'  E.  Nu- 
merous  interesting  remains  of  antiquity  have  been  discov- 
ered hero.  Cyrene  was  the  birthplace  of  Aristippus,  Era- 
tosthenes, and  Callimachus.  It  was  founded  in  the  year 
632  B.C.  by  a  colony  of  Greeks,  and  became  the  capital  of  a 
district,  to  which  it  gave  its  name,  extending  from  Syrtis 
Major  to  the  Gulf  of  Platasa.  This  country  formed  a  mon- 
archy which  lasted  for  180  years.  It  was  made  tributary  to 
Egypt  under  Ptolemy  Soter,  and,  along  with  Crete,  was  ulti- 
mately formed  into  a  Roman  province. 

Cyrene,  si-reen',  a  post-village  of  Pike  co..  Mo.,  6  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  B<;wling  Green.     It  has  a  church.     P.  110, 

Cyrnos,  an  ancient  name  of  Corsica. 

Cyrus,  the  ancient  name  of  the  river  Eoob. 


CYR 


993 


DAD 


Cy'ruston,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Tenn. 

Cysoing,  a  village  of  France.    See  Cisoing. 

Cytha;uni,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Sitia. 

Cythera,  the  ancient  name  of  Cekigo. 

Cythnos,  the  ancient  name  of  Thkrmia. 

Cyzicus,siz'e-kns(Gr.  KvfiKoj;  Turkish,  Kapoo-Dagh), 
A  peninsula  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  the  Sea  of 
Marmora,  70  miles  S.W.  of  Constantinople.  It  has  some 
remains  of  the  great  city  of  Cyzicus,  and  was  in  ancient 
times  an  island. 

Czaruawodda,  a  river  of  Prussia.     See  Schwarz- 

WASSER. 

Czarnikow,  or  Tschariiikow,  chaR'ne-kov\  writ- 
ten also  Czarnikau,  char'ne-kow,  a  town  of  Prussia,  63 
miles  S.W.  of  Bromberg,  on  the  Netze.  Pop.  4098.  It  has 
manufactures  of  linen  fabrics,  beer,  &o. 

Czarnowo,  chaR-no'vo,  a  village  of  Poland,  80  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Plock,  on  the  Orz.  It  is  celebrated  for  a  victory 
by  the  French  over  the  Russians,  December  23,  1806. 

Czartorysk,  a  town  of  Poland.     See  Tschartorisk. 

Czaslau,  chis'low,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  45  miles  by 
rail  E.S.E.  of  Prague.  It  has  manufactures  of  soap,  ma- 
chinery, sugar,  etc.     Pop.  6312. 

Czebe,  tsi'bSh,  or  'fscheben,  chi'b^n,  a  village  of 
Hungary,  co.  of  Zarant,  18  miles  from  Deva.     Pop.  1400. 

Czecze,  tsSt'sdh,  a  village  of  Hungary,  on  the  Sarviz,  9 
miles  W.  of  Foldvar.     Pop.  3100. 

Czegled,  ts4'glfid\  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Pesth, 
at  the  junction  of  several  railways,  70  miles  S.E.  of  Pesth. 
Pop.  22,216. 

Czempin,  or  Tschempin,  chfim'pin,  a  town  of  Prus- 
giun  Poland,  20  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Posen.     Pop.  1991. 


Czenstochow,  chSns-to'Kov,  or  Czenstochowa« 

ch5ns-to-Ko'vi,  a  town  of  Poland,  province  and  50  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Petrikau,  with  woollen-manufactures,  and  a 
fortified  convent  containing  a  much-venerated  picture  of 
the  Virgin.  In  1665  a  battle  was  fought  here  between  the 
King  of  Poland  and  Prince  Lubomirski.     Pop.  14,167. 

Czeptsa,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Cheptsa. 

Czerdyn,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Cherdyn. 

Czerekwe,  chi-r8k'vA,  two  small  towns  of  Bohemia, 
circle  and  34  miles  E.S.E.  of  Tabor. 

Czerikow,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Cherikov. 

Czerkasy,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Cherkasee. 

Czerna,  ts^R'ni,  a  river  of  Hungary,  falling  into  the 
Danube  at  Orsova,  after  a  course  of  from  50  to  60  miles 
from  its  source  in  the  East  Carpathians. 

Czerniejevo,  or  Czerniejewo,  chfiRn-yi-yi'vo,  a 
town  of  Prussia,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Gnesen.     Pop.  1593. 

Czernigow,  or  Czernigov.    See  Chernigov. 

Czernowitz,  chfiR'no-vits,  or  Tschernowitz  (more 
correctly,  Czernowice,  chfiR'no-vit'sfih),  a  town  of 
Austria,  capital  of  Bukowina,  on  a  hill  near  the  Pruth, 
146  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Lemberg.  It  has  a  Greek  ca- 
thedral, a  gymnasium,  high  schools,  manufactures  of  clocks, 
silver  goods,  hardwares,  and  carriages,  and  an  active  trade. 
It  is  the  seat  of  a  Greek  archbishop  of  metropolitan  and 
patriarchal  rank.     Pop.  33,884. 

Czczcmicz,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Sezemecz. 

Czirknicz,  a  town  of  Illyria.    See  Zirknitz. 

Czortkow,  choRt'kov,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  on 
the  Sereth,  105  miles  S.E.  of  Lemberg,  with  a  castle  and  an 
important  manufacture  of  tobacco.     Pop.  3300. 

CzyrkassY)  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Cberkark 


D. 


k 


DaaoAV)  a  Malay  island.     See  Dotrw. 

Daavre,  do'vr^h,  or  Dovre,  a  small  village  of  Nor- 
way, about  62°  N.  lat.  and  9°  20'  E.  Ion.  It  gives  name  to 
the  Dovrefield  Mountains. 

Daavrefjcld,  mountains.    Sec  Dovrefield. 

Dab'bling,  a  village  of  Thibet,  on  the  Sutlej,  920  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea ;  lat.  31°  45'  N.,  Ion.  78°  37'  E. 

Daber,  di'b^r,  a  fortified  town  of  Prussia,  government 
of  Stettin,  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Stargard.     Pop.  2158. 

Dab'ney,  a  post-office  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ky. 

Dab'ney's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Louisa  co.,  Va.,  15  miles 
from  Bumpass  Station.     It  has  a  printing-office  and  a  store. 

Dabo,  di'bo'  (Ger.  Bagsburg,  dias'booRG),  a  village  of 
Alsace-Lorraine,  11  miles  S.  of  Pfalzburg.  Pop.  of  com- 
mune, 2635. 

Dabringhansen,  di'bring-h5w^z§n,  a  village  of  Rhe- 
nish Prussia,  government  of  Dusseldorf,  8  miles  S.E.  of 
Lenncp.     Pop.  3024. 

Dabul,  di^bool',  called  also  Dapool'ee,  or  Dapuli, 
dl-poo'lee,  a  town  of  British  India,  district  of  Rutnagherry, 
85  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bombay. 

Daburath,  the  ancient  name  of  Debukieh. 

Daca'da,  a  post-village  of  Sheboygan  eo..  Wis.,  about 
40  miles  N.  of  Milwaukee. 

Dac'ca,  or  Dhaka,  di'kS,,  a  division  or  commission- 
ership  of  Bengal,  in  the  Lower  Ganges  valley,  and  eoinprising 
the  districts  of  Dacca,  Mymunsingh,  Backergunge,  Fureed- 
poor,  and  Tiperah.  Area,  18,276  square  miles.  Capital, 
Dacca.     Pop.  9,126,863. 

Dacca,  a  district  of  Bengal,  lat.  24°  20'-23°  6'  30"  E., 
ion.  89°  48'-91°  1'  E.  It  is  mostly  a  flat  alluvial  plain, 
bounded  W.  and  S.W.  by  the  main  Ganges  and  E.  by  the 
Megna,  and  traversed  by  many  navigable  channels.  Area, 
2902  square  miles.     Capital,  Dacca.     Pop.  1,852,993. 

Dacca,  or  Dhaka,  a  city  of  Bengal,  capital  of  the 
Dacca  division  and  district,  is  on  the  Boorigunga  River, 
155  miles  N.E.  of  Calcutta.  Lat.  23°  43'  N. ;  Ion.  90°  26'  E. 
It  was  formerly  a  great  city,  famous  for  its  trade  and 
magnificence  and  for  its  beautiful  muslins,  but  it  has  rap- 
idly declined  of  late.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  government  college, 
of  the  Mitford  Hospital,  and  of  a  lunatic  asylum.  It  has  a 
largo  jute-trade.     Pop.  in  1800,  200,000  ;  in  1891,  83,760. 

Dacca-Jelalpoor,  India.    See  Fureedpoor. 

Dachau,  di'Kow,  a  market  town  of  Upper  Bavaria,  on 


the  Ammer,  10  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Munich.    Pep. 
2166. 

Dachcet  River,  Arkansas.    Sco  Dorcheat  Bayou. 

Dachstein,  d3,K'stine  (Fr.  pron.  dik^stfin'),  a  town  of 
Alsace,  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Strasburg.     Pop.  679. 

Dacia,  di'she-a,  a  former  country  of  Europe,  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  the  Carpathian  Mountains,  on  the  E.  by  the 
Dniester  and  the  Black  Sea,  on  the  S.  by  the  Danube,  and 
on  the  W.  by  the  Theiss.  It  comprised  what  is  now  the 
eastern  part  of  Hungary,  Transylvania,  Moldavia,  and 
Wallachia. Adj.  and  inhab.  Dacian,  dd'she-^n. 

Dacosta,  New  Jersey.    See  Decosta. 

Dacota.     See  Dakota. 

D'Acqs,  a  town  of  France.     See  Dax. 

Dacre,  dd'k^r,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Cumberland, 
4}  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Penrith.  It  has  an  ancient  church 
built  out  of  the  ruins  of  a  monastery,  and  a  castle,  the  an- 
cient seat  of  the  Barons  of  Acre,  whoso  ancestor's  exploits 
as  a  crusader  at  Acre,  in  Palestine,  obtained  this  name  for 
the  family.     Pop.  936. 

Da'cusville,  a  post-township  of  Pickens  eo.,  S.C,  15 
miles  N.W.  of  Greenville.     Pop.  of  township,  1356. 

Daczicze,  a  town  of  Moravia.    See  Datschitz. 

Dadarah,  d&-di'r3,,  a  largo  village  of  Sinde,  on  the 
Indus,  34  miles  S.W.  of  Larkhana. 

Dad'dy's  Creek,  Tennessee,  runs  westward  in  Cum 
berland  co.,  and  enters  the  Caney  Fork  of  the  Cumberland. 

Daddy's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co.,  Tcnn. 

Dade,  the  most  southern  county  of  the  mainland  of 
Florida,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  The 
surface  is  level  and  low ;  the  soil  is  mostly  marshy  and  un- 
cultivated. This  county  comprises  the  Everglades,  a  large 
expanse  of  shallow  water  which  encloses  a  vast  multitude 
of  small  islands.  The  palmetto  and  pine  are  here  indigenous, 
and  the  orange  grows  luxuriantly.  Area,  5636  square  miles. 
Capital,  Miami.   Pop.  in  1870,  85 ;  in  1880,  257 ;  in  1890,  861. 

Dade,  a  county  forming  the  N.W.  extremity  of  Georgia, 
hiis  an  area  of  about  175  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
Lookout  Creek.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  Lookout 
Muuntain  and  Missionary  Ridge,  between  which  is  Lookout 
Valley.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Alabama  &  Chat- 
tanooga Railroad.  Wheat  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple 
products.  Capital,  Trenton.  Iron  ore  and  coal  are  found 
here.     Pop.  in  1870,  3033  j  in  1880,  4702  j  in  1890,  5707. 


DAD 


994 


DAH 


Dade.  »  oouD^  in  the  S.W.  part  of  HiMOuri,  hu  an 
MM  of  about  iSi  ■quaro  mile*.  It  U  traveneU  by  Sno  (or 
Big  Sao)  Riror,  aad  al«o  drained  by  levaral  ■mall  affluenU 
of  tbo  uun*.  Tb«  turfaoe  U  undulating,  and  extennively 
Ooyer«d  with  forocU  of  tb«  ajh,  olui,  biolcory,  oulc,  black 
walnut,  Ac ;  tbe  wll  i«  wontly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
and  pork  ar«  the  staple  proJucto.  Coal  and  ooppor  are 
found  here.  Capitol,  Urocniiold.  Pup.  in  187U,  8083;  in 
1880,  12,6i7;  in  1890,  17,626. 

Dade  City,  a  post-vilUge,  oapitol  of  Paroo  co.,  Fla.,  03 
mile*  by  rail  S.of  Ocala,  and  48  mile*  by  rail  N.E.  uf  Tampa. 
It  ba*  4  ohurobot,  a  bank,  and  3  newspaper  ufiScee.    P.  321. 

DadevillO«  d&d'ril,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Talla- 
poou  oo.,  Ala.,  30  uiiloK  by  rail  N.W.  of  Opelika,  and  US 
milea  by  rail  S.E.  of  liiruiingham.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  uianufaotures  of  wagons  and 
buggies.    Pop.  in  ISUO,  873. 

Dadeville^  a  post-village  of  Dade  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Big 
Sao  Uivor,  30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  about  3U0. 

Dadif  d&'dco,  a  village  of  Qrocce,  21  miles  N.W.  of  Li- 
Todia.  It  faces  the  plain  of  the  Cophissus,  and  is  built  on 
terraces  in  the  form  of  an  amphitheatre. 

DudreC)  d&'dreo^,  a  town  of  India,  50  miles  S.W.  of 
Delhi. 

Dndur,dil'dtir,  atown  of  Deloochistan,  province  of  Cutoh 
Gundava,  5  miles  E.  of  the  Bolan  Pass.     Pop.  30U0. 

Dadvola,  dd.d-vo'l&,  a  village  of  Sindo,  40  miles  S.W. 
of  Subzulcoto,  in  a  populous  and  well-cultivated  country. 
Lat.  28°  2'  N. ;  Ion.  09^  8'  E. 

Uaeny,  d&'9-nco\  or  Danie^  d&'nee,  an  island  in  the 
Persian  Gulf,  on  the  Great  Pearl  Bank.  Lat.  24=  57'  N.; 
Ion.  52°  25'  E. 

Dact;  dil-6t',  a  town  of  Luzon,  Philippine  Islands,  in  a 
district  of  its  own  name,  and  capital  of  the  province  of 
North  Camarinos,  140  miles  S.E.  of  Manila.     Pop.  7702. 

Dafar,  a  city  of  Arabia.     See  Dhofau. 

Dagana,  di-gil'nil,  a  town  of  Africa,  Senegambia,  on 
the  Senegal.  Lat.  16°  28'  N.;  Ion.  15°  30'  W.  It  is  a 
flourishing  place,  containing  a  French  fortified  trading- 
station.     Pop.  2380. 

Dagden,  an  island  in  the  Baltic.     See  Dagoe. 

Dagelct;  d&'zh^h-li',  an  island  in  the  Soa  of  Japan, 
about  midway  between  Japan  and  Corea,  8  miles  in  circum- 
ference.    Lat.  37°  N. ;  Ion.  131°  E. 

Dag'gett,  a  post-village  of  Menominee  co.,  Mich.,  25 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Menominee.  It  has  2  churches  and 
manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  240. 

Dag'gett'8  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Tioga  co..  Pa., 
about  22  miles  N.E.  of  Wellsborough.  It  has  a  church, 
flouring-mills,  and  cigar-factories.     Pop.  350. 

Daghestan,  di'ghis-tin'  ("mountain-land"),  a  gov 
ernmentof  Russia,  in  the  Caucasus,  having  the  crest  of 
the  Caucasus  for  its  S.W.  limit,  and  bounded  E.  by  the  Cas- 
pian. Area,  11,521  square  miles.  Capital,  Derbend.  Pop 
481,624.  According  to  some  writers,  Daghestan  is  the 
"country  of  the  [ancient]  Dahse,"  a  Scythian  people,  who 

dwelt  S.  and  E.  of  the  Caspian  Sea. Adj.  and  inhab 

Daghestanee,  d&^ghis-t&'nee. 

Dagil,  a  town  of  India.    See  Dajel. 

Dagmara  Piprahi,  dig-m4-ri'  pee-pri'bce,  a  town 
of  Bengal,  district  and  80  miles  N.  of  Boglipoor,  on  the 
Nepaul  frontier.     Pop.  6395. 

Dagmerselien,  d&g'm^r-sil'l^n,  or  Dammersel- 
len,  dim^m^r-sfil'l^n,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
18  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Lucerne.     Pop.  1893. 

Dag5e,  di'go'?h,  Dago,  di'go,  or  Dagden,  d4g'- 
d^n,  an  island  of  Russia,  in  Esthonia,  in  the  Baltic  Sea, 
near  the  entrance  of  the  Gulf  of  Finland,  separated  from 
the  island  of  Oesel  on  the  N.  by  Sele-Sund.  Length,  nearly 
34  miles;  breadth,  15  miles.  The  soil  is  chietly  sand  or 
chalk,  and  unfertile.  The  population  amounts  to  10,000 
(Swedes  and  Esthonians),  employed  in  fishing  and  in  rear- 
ing cattle.     The  coasts  are  rocky. 

Dags'borongh,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  13 
miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Georgetown.  It  has  a  church  and 
manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  200. 

Dagns^cahon'da,  a  post-hamlet  of  Elk  co.,  Pa.,  4 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Ridgway.  It  has  extract-works  and  a 
saw-mill.     Pop.  300. 

Da'gus  Alines,  a  mining  post-town  of  Elk  co.,  Pa.,  5 
milesby  rails,  of  Dagnscahonda.  It  has  2  churches.  P.  800. 

Dahab,  or  Mersa  Dahab,  mfir'si  di-hib'  ("golden 
port"),  a  port  of  Arabia,  peninsula  of  Sinai,  on  the  W.  coast 
of  the  Gulf  of  Akabah.     Lat.  28°  28'  N. ;  Ion.  34°  37'  E. 

Dahie,  an  ancient  people.     See  Daghestan. 

Dahalac,  or  Dahalak,  island.    See  Dhalak. 


Dahhi,  dfth'hee',  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  Yemen,  60  miles 

S.E.  of  Ldheia. 

Dahhra,  d&M'rA,  a  town  of  Arabia,  80  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Muscat. 

Dahknieeyeh,  or  Dakahliych,  d&-k&-lee'yfh,  a 
province  of  Lower  Egypt,  traversed  by  the  eastern  arm  of 
the  Nile.     Capital,  Mansoorah.     Pop.  495,272. 

Dahlen,  d&'l^n,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  4  miles 
S.W.  of  MUncbcn-Gladbach.  It  has  manufactures  of  silk 
and  linon.     Pop.  G030. 

Dahlon,  a  town  in  the  kingdom  of  Saxony,  on  a  rail- 
way, 27  miles  E.  of  Lcipsic.     Pop.  2887. 

Dahlonburg,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Dalrndurs. 

Dablgren,  d&l'grdn,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co., 
III.,  10  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  MoLeansborough.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  450. 

Dablgren,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Carver  co.,  Minn., 
in  Dalilgren  township,  and  on  the  Hastings  it  Dakota  Rail- 
road, 51  miles  W.  of  Hastings,  and  6  miles  W.  of  Chaska. 
The  township  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Minnesota 
River.     Pop.  of  township,  1310. 

Dahlone'ga,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lumpkin  co., 
Ga.,  is  situated  in  a  billy  region,  about  68  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Atlanta.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  is  the 
centre  of  the  gold  belt  of  the  state.  It  is  the  site  of  the 
North  Georgia  Agricultural  College,  which  has  about  300 
pupils.     Pop.  in  1890,  896. 

Dahloncga,  a  post-village  of  Wapello  co.,  Iowa,  ia 
Dahlonega  township,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Ottumwa.  It  has  a 
church  and  an  academy.     Pop.  200;  of  the  township,  454 

Dahme,  d&'m^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg, 
on  the  river  Dahme,  14  miles  S.  of  Berlin.  It  has  several 
mills  and  factories.     Pop.  4900. 

Dahmcr,  a  town  of  Nubia.    Sec  Ed-Dameu. 

Dahn,  d^n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  tbe  Palatinate,  on  the 
Lauter,  20  miles  S.  of  Kaiserslautern.     Pop.  1 390. 

Daho'ga,  a  station  on  the  Philadcl{>hia  &  Eric  Rail- 
road, 6  miles  S.E.  of  Kane,  Pa. 

Dahomey,  or  Dahoniay,  di-ho'md  or  d&-bo'me, 
often  pronounced,  though  less  correctly,  dih'ho-mi',  a  king- 
dom of  Western  Africa,  on  the  coast  of  Guinea,  with  bound- 
aries liable  to  extension  or  abridgment  with  the  power 
or  weakness  of  its  sovereign.  At  present  it  appears  to 
occupy  the  space  between  6°  15'  and  7°  30'  N.  lat.  and  1°  30' 
and  2°  30'  E.  Ion.  Area,  about  4000  square  miles.  The 
coast-line  is  only  35  miles  in  length;  and  nearly  the  whole 
coast  region  is  composed  of  islands  and  swamps,  separated 
by  lagoons  and  channels,  affording  extensive  navigation. 

The  country  appears  to  be  in  general  fertile,  and  is  well 
cultivated,  especially  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  towns  and 
villages.  On  the  coast,  particularly  in  the  neighborhood  of 
Whydah,  the  principal  port  of  the  kingdom,  there  are  many 
farms  in  a  high  state  of  cultivation,  the  houses  clean  and 
comfortable,  and  the  scenery  singularly  beautiful ;  but  the 
country  is  now  far  less  prosperous  than  it  was  formerly.  Tbo 
chief  crops  raised  here  are  Indian  corn,  yams,  and  the 
manioc-root,  which  forms  a  principal  article  of  food.  Other 
products  are  palm  oil,  shea  butter,  and  cotton. 

Dahomey,  though  generally  level  or  but  slightly  and 
gradually  rising  from  the  coast,  has  several  mountain- 
ranges  and  hilly  tracts,  formed,  it  is  believed,  by  offsets  of 
the  Kong  Mountains.  Most  of  these  mountains  rise  abruptly 
from  the  plain,  nnd  are  very  steep.  Some  of  them  consist 
of  immense  blocks  of  granite. 

Although  springs  and  rivulets  are  numerous,  and  the 
country,  on  the  whole,  is  well  watered,  there  are  no  rivers 
of  magnitude.  Forest  trees  attain  magnificent  dimensions, 
and  are  interspersed  with  fruit  trees  of  various  kinds,  in 
eluding  the  tamarind,  yellow  fig,  cashew,  kolla,  and  cocoa- 
nut.  Green  grapes,  the  cocoa-tree,  and  palms  of  various 
kinds  abound  on  the  coast.  The  rocks  and  trees  are  fes- 
tooned with  beautiful  parasitical  plants. 

The  wild  animals  of  Dahomey  are  of  the  same  kind  as 
those  met  with  throughout  Western  Africa, — lions,  hyenas, 
panthers,  deer,  monkeys,  elephants.  Alligators  and  hip- 
popotami are  numerous.  Serpents  of  enormous  size  are  met 
with  in  the  interior,  and  insects  in  great  variety  abound. 
Birds  of  beautiful  plumage  are  found  in  great  numbers. 

The  Dahomans  are  all  pagans,  and  their  worship  Fetish. 
The  sovereign  power  is  absolute,  extending  to  an  entire 
control  over  the  lives  and  properties  of  the  people,  who  in- 
vest their  king  with  the  attributes  of  deity,  believing  him 
to  be  superior  to  all  human  wants  and  infirmities.  The 
possession  of  this  extraordinary  power  and  influence  by  a 
barbarous  prince,  combined  with  the  gross  ignorance  and 
superstition  of  his  people,  has  led  to  the  perpetration  of 
tbe  most  fearful  atrocities,  wholesale  murders  forming  tbn 


I>AI 


995 


DAL 


principal  and  most  acceptable  part  of  all  state  and  religious 
ceremonies.  Many  hundreds  of  people  are  sacrificed  at  the 
Customs,  as  such  celebrations  are  called,  and  all  guiltless 
of  any  offence.  Ore  of  the  most  extraordinary  manifesta- 
tions of  barbarian  spirit  and  sentiment  in  tliis  country  is 
exhibited  in  the  king's  female  army,  consisting  of  women, 
formed  in  regiments,  and  armed  with  muskets,  short  swords, 
and  clubs.     Pop.  estimated  at  250,000,  of  whom  not  more 

than  20,000  are  free. Adj.  and  inhab.  Dahoman,  d&- 

ho'nian. 

Diiiley,  da'Ie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Michigan,  on 
the  Michigan  Central  (Air-Line)  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of 
Cussopolis.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Daillebout,  dd'ye-boo',  or  Salute  M6lanie,  eiat 
niAMi'nec',  a  flourishing  post-village  of  Joliette  co.,  Quebec, 
10  miles  N.  of  Joliette,  and  46  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Montreal. 
It  has  excellent  water-power,  and  several  mills.     Pop.  600. 

Dail'ly,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  on  the  Girvan 
River,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Girvan.     Pop.  554. 

Dail  V)  da'l?,  a  post-village  of  Barnes  co.,  N.D.,  14  miles 
(direct)  S.  of  Valley  City.  It  has  a  church,  flour-  and  grist- 
mills, and  a  public  school.     Pop.  75. 

Daiinan,  di-m^n',  or  Araiigua,  3,-riln'gw3,,  a  river 
of  South  America,  in  Uruguay,  is  an  affluent  of  the  Uru- 
guay, rising  in  the  centre  of  the  state.    Length,  110  miles. 

Daiiniel^  di-me-fil'  a  modern  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  25  miles  by  rail  E.N.Ei  of  Ciudad  Real.  It  has  man- 
ufactures of  woollens  and  linens,  and  is  one  of  the  richest 
and  most  important  places  in  La  Mancha.     Pop.  12,452. 

Daina,  di'nS,,  a  village  of  Syria,  pashalic  and  20  miles 
W.  of  Aleppo.  Here  are  ruins  supposed  to  be  those  of  the 
ancient  Imma,  and  near  it  the  convent  and  ruined  pillar 
of  St.  Simeon  Stylites. 

Dain'gcrfield,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Morris  co.,  Te.\., 
33  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Jefiferson,  and  58  miles  E.  by  S. 
of  Sulphur  Springs.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  chair-factory,  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  653. 

Dainhat,  or  Dain  Hat,  din  h&t,  a  town  of  Bengal, 
on  the  Hoogly,  5  miles  below  Cutwa.     Pop.  7567. 

Dai  Nippon,  a  Japanese  name  for  Japan. 

Dair,  an  Arabic  prefix.     See  Dmn. 

Dair-el-Kamer,  Syria.    See  Deiu-el-Kamer. 

Dairy  (da'r§)  Land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Wawarsing  township,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Montieello. 

Daisy,  da'i?,  a  post-village  of  Plaquemines  parish.  La., 
15  miles  S.E.  of  Point  a  la  Hache.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
newspaper  office.    Oysters  are  the  chief  articles  of  industry. 

Daisy,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  Tenn.,  15  miles 
by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Chattanooga.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
pottery,  and  coal-mines.     Pop.  370. 

Dtyel,  or  Dagil,  d3.'jel,  a  town  of  India,  district  and 
40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Dera  Ghazeo  Khan.     Pop.  5693. 

Dakar,  di^kan',  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the  French  colony 
of  Senegal,  on  the  extreme  point  of  Capo  Verd,  IJ  miles  N. 
of  Qor6e.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  bishop,  and  has  an  extensive 
Roman  Catholic  mission  establishment.     Pop.  3417. 

Dake,  a  post-village  of  Park  co..  Col.,  about  7  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Jefi'erson,  and  19  miles  (direct)  N.N.E.  of 
fair  Play.    It  has  charcoal-kilns. 

Dakhei,  an  oasis  of  Africa.     See  El-Dakhel. 

Da'keni,  a  post-ofiice  of  Emmons  co.,  N.D. 

Dakh^ines'war,  or  Dakh^inshor',  a  village  of 
Bengal,  5  miles  N.  of  Calcutta,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the 
Hoogly.  It  contains  some  English  country-houses,  a  pow- 
der-magnzine,  and  12  beautiful  temples  to  Siva. 

Dak'keh  (anc.  Psel'cia),  a  village  of  Nubia,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Nile,  40  miles  N.E.  of  Derr,  with  a  temple  of 
the  Ptolemaic  era.  Opposite  to  it,  E.  of  the  Nile,  are  re- 
mains of  the  ancient  Metacompso. 

Dako'ta,  a  county  of  Minnesota,  bordering  on  Wiscon- 
sin, has  an  area  of  about  660  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.E.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  N.W.  by 
the  Minnesota  River;  and  its  southern  part  is  drained  by 
Cannon  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level, 
and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  forests;  the  soil  is  very 
fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  Indian  corn,  hay,  and  butter  are  the 
staple  products.  Silurian  limestone  underlies  part  of  this 
county.  It  is  intersected  by  divisions  of  the  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  and  by  a  division  of  the  Chi- 
cago, St.  Paul  &  Kansas  City  Railroad.  Capital,  Hastings. 
Pop.  in  1870,  16,312;  in  1880,  17,391;  in  1890,  20,240. 

Dakota,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Nebraska,  has  an 
area  of  about  875  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E. 
and  E.  by  the  Missouri  River,  and  is  intprsected  by  the  Elk 
Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  by 
prairies  and  tracts  of  timber ;  the  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products.     Capi- 


tal, Dakota.  This  county  is  more  liberally  supplied  with 
timber  than  many  other  parts  of  the  state.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  &  Omaha  Railroad. 
Pop.  in  1870,  2040;  in  1880,  3213;  in  1890,  5386. 

i)akota,  a  post- village  of  Stephenson  co.,  111.,  in  Da- 
kota township,  about  8  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Freeport.  It 
has  5  churches,  a  newspaper  ofBco,  a  creamery,  and  a 
college.     Pop.  in  1890,  283 ;  of  the  township,  839. 

Dakota,  a  post-village  of  Winona  co.,  Minn.,  in  Dres- 
bach  township,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Winona. 
It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  large  warehouse  for  wheat. 

Dakota,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dakota  co..  Neb.,  on 
the  Missouri  River,  6  miles  below  Sioux  City,  Iowa,  on 
the  Covington,  Columbus  &  Black  Hills  Railroad,  5  miles  S. 
of  Covington.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  United  States  land- 
office,  2  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop. 
about  600. 

Dakota,  a  post-village  of  AVaushara  co..  Wis.,  in  Da- 
kota township,  32  miles  N.  of  Portage  City.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  673. 

Dakota  Indians.    See  Sioux. 

Dakota  (or  James)  River  rises  in  the  N.E.  part  of 
Dakota,  near  lat.  47°  42'  N.  It  runs  generally  southward, 
with  a  small  deviation  towards  the  E.,  and  traverses  a 
region  which  is  nearly  destitute  of  forests.  In  the  lower 
part  of  its  course  it  intersects  the  counties  of  Davison,  Han- 
son, Armstrong,  Hutchinson,  and  Yankton,  and  enters  the 
Missouri  River  about  10  miles  below  the  town  of  Yankton. 
Its  entire  length  is  estimated  at  600  miles.  The  French 
name  of  this  stream  is  Riviire  d  Jacques. 

Dako'tah,  an  incorporated  post-town,  capital  of  Hum- 
boldt CO.,  Iowa,  17  miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Eagle  Grovo 
and  16  miles  (direct)  N.  of  Fort  Dodge.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  a  public  school.     Pop.  353. 

Dalai>Nor,  di-li'-nor,  a  lake  of  Mongolia,  near  tho 
Russian  frontier,  in  lat.  54°  N.,  Ion.  116°  E. 

Dalamow,  a  town  of  India.     See  Dalmow. 

DaPark',  a  post-village  of  Dallas  co..  Ark.,  10  miles  by 
rail  E.  by  S.  of  Daleville,  and  11  miles  (direct)  E.  by  S.  of 
Arkadelphia.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  208. 

Dalaroe,  d&'lan-o^fih,  a  village  of  Sweden,  20  miles 
S.E.  of  Stockholm,  on  the  Baltic  Sea.     Pop.  600. 

Dalbeattie,  d&l-bi'tee,  a  village  of  Scotland,  in  Kirk- 
cudbright, 13  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Dumfries.     Pop.  2937. 

Dal'by,  a  station  in  Atchison  co.,  Kansas,  en  the  Mis- 
souri Pacific  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Atchison. 

Dal  by  Springs,  Bowie  co.,  Tex.    See  Dolby  Spuings. 

DaPcour',  a  post-village  of  Plaquemines  parish,  La., 
about  10  miles  (direct)  S.  by  E.  of  New  Orleans.  It  has  3 
churches,  and  sugar  plantations.     Pop.  about  700. 

Dale,  a  maritime  village  of  Wales,  co.  of  Pembroke, 
6i  miles  W.  of  Milford,  on  a  peninsula  bounding  Milford- 
haven  on  the  AV.  The  Earl  of  Richmond,  afterwards  Henry 
VII.,  landed  here  to  contest  the  crown  of  England  in  1486. 
Pop.  of  parish,  381. 

Dale,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Alabama,  has  an  area 
of  about  750  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Choo- 
tawhatchee  River.  The  surface  is  uneven  or  nearly  level, 
and  is  partly  covered  with  extensive  pine  forests.  The  soil 
is  mostly  sandy.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  pork,  and  sweet 
potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Ozark.  Pop.  ia 
1870,  11,325;  in  1880,  12,677;  in  1890,  17,225. 

Dale,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co..  111.,  7  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  McLeansborough.  It  has  2  churches,  a  stave- 
factory,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Dale,  a  post-village  of  Spencer  co.,  Ind.,  20  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Rockport.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  manufactures  of  tolmcco  and  cigars.     Pop.  669. 

Dale,  a  post-village  of  Guthrie  co.,  Iowa,  in  Penn 
township,  on  the  south  branch  of  the  Raccoon  River,  about 
40  miles  W.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  a  church  and  a  wool- 
len-factory.    Pop.  about  100. 

Dale,  a  township  of  Lyon  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  551. 

Dale,  a  post-office  of  Campbell  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ohio 
River  3  miles  above  Newport.  Here  are  the  reservoir  and 
water- works  which  supply  Newport  with  river-water. 

Dale,  a  post-township  of  Cottonwood  co.,  Minn.    P.  213. 

Dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie 
Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Warsaw.     It  has  a  church. 

Dale,  a  post-office  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  17  miles  (direct) 
E.N.E.  of  Reading,  and  2  miles  N.  of  Barto. 

Dale,  a  post-township  of  Outagamie  co..  Wis.,  traversed 
by  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad.  Pop.  1207.  Dale  Sta- 
tion is  14  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Mennsha. 

Dalecarlia,  dd,-le-kaR'le-&,  or  Dalarne,  d&'laR-nAh, 
an  old  province  of  Sweden,  now  in  the  laen  of  Falun. 


DAL 


996 


DAL 


Dale  City,  P«'nn»ylvBnli».    See  MBTBRsnALK. 

I>al-Eir,  d41-*lf  (i>.,  "  l>al  Hivpr"),  a  river  of  Sweden, 
(brm«d  bv  the  union  of  the  Ofter  nnd  Wester  Dal,  flows  «uo- 
ocMively'S.K.  and  K.,  tnivcr»ing  mnny  lake*,  and  enters  the 
Uuir  of  Bothnia  10  miles  E.  of  Uefle.  Length,  about  250 
bIIp".     It  foriiiK  numerous  cataracts. 

Unlom,  iIA'lvm.  »  vilhiKo  of  the  Netherlands,  In  Qel- 
derlitud,  within  1  mile  of  Uorkum. 

I>nleii,  dl'l^n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Drenthe, 
21  miles  N.K.  of  Cocvorden.     Pop.  3691. 

DnlcnburK,  or  Dahlenburg,  dA'l?n-b88ua\  a  town 
'of  I'ruMia,  in  Hanover,  15  miles  S.E.  of  LUncburg.  Pop. 
1041. 

I>nlc  Kntorprisc,  post-office,  Rockingham  co.,  Va. 

Dale's  Mill,  a  post-village  of  Wnyno  co.,  Qa.,  10 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Jesup,  It  has  2  churches,  a  saw- 
mill, and  manufactures  of  turpentine.     Pop.  about  25U. 

Dalesville,  dsix'vll,  a  poH-vlllage  in  Argenteuil  co., 
Quebec,  53  miles  W.N.W.  of  Montreal.     Pop.  100. 

Dale8zyce,  d&-l&-shit'8&,  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment uf  Kadom,  U  miles  S.B.  of  Kielce.  It  has  a  fine  church. 
Near  it  are  iron-mines.     Pop.  15.S0. 

Dalevilley  d&i'vll,  a  post- village  of  Dale  co.,  Ala.,  42 
miles  S.  by  £.  of  Troy.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  a 
high  school,  and  a  carriage-factory. 

Daleville,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
West  Fork  of  White  River,  10  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Muncic. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  munufaotures  of  brick,  tile,  and  lum- 
ber.    Pop.  about  450. 

Daleville,  a  post-village  of  Lauderdale  co.,  Miss.,  12 
miles  N.  of  Meridian.     It  has  a  church. 

Daleville,  a  post-village  of  Lackawanna  co..  Pa.,  near 
the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  k  Western  Railroad,  about  14 
miles  S.E.  of  Scranton. 

Daleville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Botetourt  co.,  Va.,  7  miles 
N.  of  Bonsacks.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Da'leyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co.,  0.,  about  4 
miles  (direct)  W.  by  S.  of  Waverly. 

Dalfscn,  dilfs^n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Overj-ssel,  on  the  Vecht,  7  miles  by  rail  E.  of  ZwoUe. 
Pop.  5361. 

Dalgety,  dal-ghfit'ee,  a  parish  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife, 
on  the  Firth  of  Forth,  2  miles  N.B.  of  Inverkeithing.  Coal 
and  salt  are  exported  from  its  harbor. 

Dal^inross,  dal'ghin-ross^  a  village  of  Scotland,  22 
miles  W.  of  Perth,  and  near  Comrie. 

Dnihousie,  dal-hoo'zce,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and 
8  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Edinburgh. 

Dalhousie,  dal-hoo'zee,  a  port  of  entry,  capital  of  Res- 
tigouche  CO.,  New  Brunswick,  on  the  Restigouohe  River,  at 
its  entrance  into  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  284  miles  N.  of  St. 
John,  and  126  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Flavie,  on  the  St.  Law- 
rence. In  front  of  the  town  is  a  well-sholtered  cove,  with 
good  holding-ground  for  ships  in  9  fathoms  water.  Fine 
wharves  and  timber-ponds  have  been  constructed  here, 
affording  convenience  for  loivding  the  largest  ships.  A 
large  trade  is  done  in  Dalhousie  in  preserved  salmon  and 
lobsters.  It  has  several  churches  and  storosl  The  Inter- 
colonial Railway  passes  4  miles  back  of  the  town.     P.  600. 

Dalhousie  East,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  26  miles  from  Kontville.  It  contains  a  church,  a 
hotel,  and  saw-  and  grist-mills.     Pop.  218. 

Dalhousie  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Glengarry  co.,  On- 
tario, on  Delislo  River,  14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Coteau  Station. 
It  contains  2  stores  and  2  saw-  and  grist-mills.     Pop.  150. 

Dalias,  di'le-is,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  20  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Almeria,  near  the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  9419. 

Dalibaire,  d&'lee^bir',  or  Mechin,  m^h-sh&No',  a  post- 
village  in  Rimouski  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  St.  Lawrence, 
127  miles  N.E.  of  RiviSre  du  Loup  en  has.     Pop.  400. 

DaPinto'ber,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Argyle, 
about  1  mile  N.W.  of  Campbeltown. 

Daija,  a  town  of  Slavonia.     See  Dallya. 

Dalkeith,  dal-keeth',  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  and  Ci 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Edinburgh,  between  the  North  and 
South  Esk  Rivers.  The  town  is  well  built,  paved,  and 
lighted.  It  has  a  parish  church,  several  chapels,  a  classical 
school,  sciei  tific  institution,  banks,  market-houses,  numer- 
ous good  shops  and  residences,  and  one  of  the  largest  corn- 
markets  in  Scotland.  In  and  around  it  are  corn-mills, 
breweries,  foundries,  brick-yards,  tanneries,  and  coal-works. 
In  its  vicinity  is  Dalkeith  Palace,  the  seat  of  the  Duke  of 
Bucc!euch.     Pop.  6386. 

DaUceith,  or  Robertson's  Mills,  a  post-village  in 

Glengarry  co.,  Ontario,  28  miles  N.  of  Lancaster.     Pop.  1 00. 

.  Dalkey,  d&l'keo,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  and  8  miles 

by  rail  S.E.  of  Dublin,  on  the  Irish  Sea,  immediately  out- 


side of  Dublin  Bay.  The  village  was  a  seaport  town  of  some 
consequence  in  the  seventeenth  century.  It  has  qunrrici 
of  tine  granite.  Dalkey  Island  and  battery  are  separated 
from  the  mainland  by  a  narrow  sound.     Pop.  2584. 

Dalkissore,  or  Dhalkisor,  d&l'kis-sor^  called  also 
Dwa^rakea'war  and  Roopna'rayan%  a  river  of 
British  India,  rises  in  the  Manbhoom  district,  Bengal, 
about  lat.  23"  30'  N.,  Ion.  86"  34'  E.,  and,  after  a  S.K.  co\ir»e 
of  170  miles,  enters  the  Hoogly  opposite  Diamond  harbor. 
It  is  serviceable  for  navigation. 

Dal  la,  dil'lA,  a  town  of  Burmah,  province  of  Pegu,  on 
a  river  of  the  same  name,  50  miles  S.W.  of  Rangoon. 

Dal'lam,  the  northwesternmost  county  of  the  Pan- 
handle of  Texas,  bounded  N.  by  the  Indian  Territory,  nnd 
W.  by  New  Mexico.     Area,  1410  square  miles. 

Dal'lam's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Logan  co.,  Ky. 

Dal'lardsville,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  Tex. 

Dal'las,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Alabama, 
has  an  area  of  about  900  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Alabama  River,  and  ))artly  drained  by  the  Cahawba 
River,  both  of  which  are  navigable.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating or  uneven,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests; 
the  soil  is  very  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  sweet  po- 
tatoes are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersocieJ  by  the 
Birmingham,  Selma  <t  New  Orleans,  East  Tennessee,  Vir- 
ginia k  Georgia,  Louisville  k  Nashville,  and  Western  of 
Alabama  Railroads,  all  of  which  communicate  with  Selma, 
the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  40,705;  in  1880, 
48.433  ;  in  1890,  49,350. 

Dallas,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Arkansas, 
has  an  area  of  about  850  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  by  the  Saline  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Oua- 
chita River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level, 
and  partly  covered  with  forests  of  hickory,  white  oak,  yellow 
pine,  ash,  beech,  <&c. ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian 
corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  The  county  is 
traversed  in  the  S.E.  by  the  St.  Louis,  Arkansas  k  Texas 
Railroad,  while  the  Ultima  Tbule,  Arkadelphia  k  Mississippi 
Railroad  traverses  part  of  the  W.  Capital,  Princeton. 
Pop.  in  1870,  5707;  in  1880,  6505;  in  1890,  9296. 

Dallas,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Iowa,  has 
an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Rao- 
coon  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Middle  Coon  and  Des 
Moines  Rivers,  the  last  of  which  traverses  the  N.E.  part  of 
the  county.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversiQed 
with  prairies  and  groves;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  oats,  pork,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Des  Moines  k  Northwestern 
Railroad,  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul  Railroad,  and 
also  by  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  k  Pacific  Railroad.  Cap- 
ital, Adel.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,019;  in  1880, 18,746;  in  1890, 
20,479. 

Dallas,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Missouri, 
has  an  area  of  about  530  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Niangua  River,  which,  entering  the  county  in  the  S., 
flows  N.  in  an  irregular  course.  It  is  also  drained  by  the 
Little  Niangua.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  undulating 
prairies  and  low  ridges  or  hills.  A  large  portion  of  it  is 
covered  with  forests  of  ash,  elm,  oak,  hickory,  black  wal- 
nut, <fcc.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
oats,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Magnesian 
limestone  of  the  Silurian  age  is  abundant  in  this  county, 
and  lead  is  said  to  be  found  in  it.  Capital,  Bufialo.  Pop. 
in  1870,  8383;  in  1880,  9263;  in  1890,  12,647. 

Dallas,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
area  of  about  900  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Trinity  River,  which  divides  it  into  nearly  equal  parts,  and 
is  also  drained  by  the  West  Fork  of  that  river.  The  sur- 
face is  extensively  covered  with  forests;  the  soil  is  fertile 
and  well  watered.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  oats,  cattle,  wheat, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products  of  this  county.  It  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Houston  k  Texas  Central,  Texas  k  Pacific, 
and  three  other  railroads,  all  centring  at  Dallas,  the  capital 
of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,314;  in  1880,  33,488;  in 
1890,  67,042. 

Dallas,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Polk  co..  Ark.,  about 
70  miles  S.  of  Fort  Smith.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper 
office  and  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  383. 

Dallas,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Paulding  co.,  Ga.,  .33 
miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
high  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  455. 

Dallas,  a  township  of  Huntingdon  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  2250. 
It  contains  Antioch  aud  Etna. 

Dalla8,a  post- village  of  Marion  co.,  Iowa,  13  miles  S.W. 
of  Knoxville,  and  35  miles  S.E.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  a 
church  and  manufactures  of  butter  and  cheese.  Pop.  about 
150  J  of  the  township,  1066. 


DAL 


997 


I>AL 


Dallas,  a  township  of  Taylor  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  927. 

Dallas,  a  post-offico  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ky. 

Dallas,  a  plantation  of  Franklin  co.,  Me.,  just  E.  of 
the  Rangeley  Lakes.     Pop.  159. 

Dallas,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  1518. 
It  contains  Fowler. 

Dallas,  a  post-village  of  Lafayette  co.,  Miss.,  20  miles 
S.E.  of  Oxford.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Dallas,  a  township  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  807. 

Dallas,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Mo.,  12  miles 
(direct)  S.  of  Kansas  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  mill,  and  a 
tile-factory.     Pop.  about  100. 

Dallas,  a  hamlet  of  Webster  co.,  Mo.,  about  15  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Springfield. 

Dallas,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Gaston  co.,  N.C.,  in 
Dallas  township,  near  the  Little  Catawba  River,  and  on 
the  Chester  &  Lenoir  Railroad,  about  22  miles  W.  of  Char- 
lotte. It  has  6  churches,  a  college,  and  manufactures  of 
cotton.     Pop.  in  1890,  441 ;  of  the  township,  2413. 

Dallas,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  0.     Pop.  430. 

Dallas,  Darke  co.,  0.     See  Anso.nia. 

Dallas,  Highland  co.,  0.     See  New  Boston. 

Dallas,  a  city,  capital  of  Polk  co.,  Oregon,  on  the  Rick- 
real  (or  Lacreole)  River,  15  miles  W.  of  Salem,  and  63 
miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Portland.  It  has  an  academy,  5 
churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  woollen-,  planing-, 
and  grist-mills,  a  fence-factory,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  848. 

Dallas,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Dallas,  a  post-hamlet  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  in  Dallas 
township,  7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Wilkesbarre.  It  has  a  church 
and  manufactures  of  lumber. 

Dallas,  a  flourishing  town,  capital  of  Dallas  co.,  Tex., 
on  Trinity  River,  about  a  mile  below  the  mouth  of  the 
West  Fork,  and  on  the  Houston  &  Texas  Central  Railroad 
where  it  crosses  the  Te.xas  &  Pacific  Railroad,  265  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Houston,  and  73  miles  S.  of  Denison.  It  is  the 
most  important  place  in  Northern  Texas.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  a  convent,  10  national  banks,  several  other 
banks,  the  Dallas  Female  College,  a  post-office  of  the  first 
class,  a  Jewish  synagogue,  33  churches,  the  Dallas  College, 
a  medical  institute,  3  iron-foundries,  2  grain-elevators,  6 
flour-mills,  2  planing-mills,  a  cotton-factory,  a  woollen- 
factory,  3  soap-factories,  gas-works,  electric-light  works, 
Ac.  Two  daily  and  7  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.     Pop.  in  1890,  38,067. 

Dallas,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  W.  Va.,  6  miles 
S.  of  Roney's  Point  Station,  which  is  9  miles  E.  of  Wheel- 
ing.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  118. 

Dallas,  a  post-village  of  Barron  co..  Wis.,  about  10 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Barron.  It  has  a  church,  and  shingle-, 
flour-,  and  feed-mills.     Pop.  about  100. 

Dal'lasburg,  a  hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  0.,  about  24 
Tailes  N.E.  of  Cincinnati. 

Dallas  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Dallas  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Des  Moines  &  Fort  Dodge  Railroad,  20  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Des  Moines.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  300. 

Dallas  City,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  15  miles  below  Burlington,  Iowa,  and  16 
miles  N.  of  Carthage.  It  is  on  the  railroad  which  connects 
Burlington  with  Quincy,  and  is  partly  in  Henderson  co. 
It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  3  large  public  schools,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  woollen  goods, 
and  starch.     Pop.  about  750. 

Dallas  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  McKean  co.,  Pa.,  7 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Bradford.     It  has  oil-works. 

Dal'lastoAvn,  a  post-borough  of  York  co..  Pa.,  7  miles 
S.E.  of  York,  and  1  mile  from  Dallastown  Station,  which  is 
on  the  Peach  Bottom  Railroad.  It  has  4  churches,  graded 
schools,  a  flour-mill,  a  cigar-box  factory,  and  several  cigar- 
factories.     Pop.  in  1890,  779. 

Dalles,  dalz,  or  The  Dalles,  a  town,  capital  of  Wasco 
CO.,  Oregon,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Columbia  River,  about 
200  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  90  miles  by  land  E.  of  Port- 
land. It  has  5  churches,  a  Catholic  academy,  a  branch 
mint,  and  a  woollen-mill.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished here.  The  navigation  of  the  Columbia  River  is  here 
obstructed  by  riipids,  called  the  Great  Dalles  of  the  Columbia, 
the  stream  being  contracted  into  a  channel  .about  200  feet 
wide  between  cliffs  of  basaltic  rock.  A  railroad,  14  miles 
long,  extends  from  this  point  to  Celilo  and  connects  the  navi- 
gable parts  of  the  river.  Cattle  and  sheep  (or  wool)  are  the 
chief  articles  of  export.     Pop.  about  3500. 

Dalles  of  the  St.  Louis,  a  series  of  fine  cataracts 
In  the  St.  Louis  River,  near  Duluth,  Minn.  The  river 
descends  400  feet  in  4  miles. 


Dalles  (locally  called  Dells)  of  the  Wisconsin,  a 

succession  of  cascades  in  Columbia  co.,  AVis.,  on  the  Wiscon- 
sin River,  just  above  Kilbourn  City.  They  are  much  visited 
by  tourists. 

Dal'lison,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co.,  W.  Va.,  12  miles 
E.  of  Parkersburg.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  60. 

Dallu,  a  town  of  West  Soodan.     See  Delow. 

Dally,  d3,riU,  a  village  and  parish  of  Sweden,  15  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Malmo.     It  contains  a  royal  residence. 

Dallya,  or  Dalja,  dil'yfl,,  a  market-town  of  Austria- 
Hungary,  in  Slavonia,  co.  of  Verocz,  on  the  right  bank  of 
the  Danube,  19  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Eszek.  It  has  ex- 
tensive sturgeon-fisheries.     Pop.  5006. 

Dalmal'ly,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Argyle,  16 
miles  N.E.  of  Inverary. 

Dalmatia,  dal-mi'she-a  (It.  pron.  dil-mi'te-i;  Ger. 
Dalmatien,  dil-mi'te-^n;  Fr.  Dalmatic,  ddPmiHee'),  a 
crown-land  and  titular  kingdom  of  Austria-Hungary,  in 
Cisleithania.  Area,  4940  square  miles.  It  consists  of  a 
long  narrow  tract  of  mountainous  country  and  a  number 
of  large  islands  along  the  N.E.  coast  of  the  Adriatic  Sea, 
bounded  N.  by  Croatia  and  N.E.  by  Herzegovina.  It  ex- 
tends from  about  lat.  42°  9'  N.  to  lat.  44°  25'  N.  In 
breadth  it  is  very  limited,  not  exceeding  40  miles  in  any 
part,  and  at  the  narrowest,  near  Ragusa,  about  2  miles. 
The  surface  is  much  varied :  a  ridge  of  limestone  moun- 
tains bounds  the  N.  part  of  the  country  on  its  inland 
border,  and  another  runs  nearly  parallel  with  the  coast. 
The  highest  peaks  are  Orien,  6332  feet,  Dinara,  6040  feet, 
and  Partovo,  5929  feet;  and  the  largest  and  loftiest  part  of 
the  N.  range  is  that  of  Velebich,  to  the  N.E.  of  Zara,  which 
is  5439  feet.  On  the  coast  range  occur  the  peaks  of  Mount 
Mossor,  4464  feet,  and,  S.E.,  Mount  Biocovo,  5899  feet. 
The  inl.and  parts  of  Dalmatia  are  diversified  by  undulatory 
ground,  hills,  and  high  mountains, — many  of  the  latter 
having  the  same  rugged  barren  aspect  as  those  of  the  coast  ; 
others,  again,  are  partially  covered  with  low  wood.  There  are 
also  extensive  marshes  in  various  parts  of  the  country.  The 
soil,  though  not  rich,  is  good,  and  the  produce,  as  a  whole, 
suffices  for  the  population  of  the  country.  Dalmatia  has 
few  rivers,  and  all  with  short  courses.  The  principal  are 
the  Narenta,  in  the  S.,  the  Zermagna,  Kerka,  and  Cettina. 
On  some  of  these  rivers  the  scenery  is  singularly  wild  and 
picturesque.  The  Kerka  has  several  magnificent  cascades. 
The  waters  of  many  of  the  streams  have  a  petrifying  quality, 
and  cover  with  a  stalagmitic  deposit  the  rocks  over  which 
they  flow.  The  country  is  not  rich  in  metals,  although  in 
ancient  times  it  produced  large  quantities  of  gold;  but  iron, 
lignite,  asphalt,  and  salt  are  still  obtained. 

The  coast  is  indented  with  numerous  harbors  and  bays, 
the  principal  of  which  are  Cattaro,  Sebenico,  and  Ragusa. 
A  vast  number  of  islands  also  stretch  along  its  shores. 
Most  of  these  are  mountainous,  but  are  valuable  for  their 
productions,  such  as  timber,  wine,  oil,  cheese,  honey,  salt, 
and  asphalt,  and  in  several  of  them  ship-building  is  carried 
on.  The  climate  generally  is  warmer  than  that  of  any  other 
part  of  Austria-Hungary,  nnd  in  spring  the  sirocco  is  felt. 

Agriculture  is  in  an  extremely  backward  state,  a  great 
proportion  of  the  land  being  pasture  and  wood.  The  prin- 
cipal agricultural  productions  are  Indian  corn,  rye,  barley, 
figs,  olives,  and  vines ;  but  sufficient  grain  is  not  produced  to 
supply  the  wants  of  the  country, — the  deficiency  being  im- 
ported from  Turkey  and  Hungary.  Various  fruits  are  also 
grown,  including  apples,  pears,  plums,  almonds,  peaches, 
apricots,  lemons,  oranges,  carobs,  and  pomegranates.  Com- 
paratively few  sheep  or  cattle  are  reared;  horses  are  rare 
and  of  very  diminutive  size. 

Dalmatia  has  hardly  any  manufactures.  Four-fifths  of 
the  people  are  Morlacks,  or  true  Dalmatians,  speaking 
Slavic  tongues;  of  the  remainder  two-thirds  speak  Italian, 
and  the  others  mostly  use  the  Albanian  language.  The 
local  government  comprises  a  diet,  chiefly  representative. 

Somewhat  less  than  a  fifth  of  the  people  of  Dalmatia  are 
of  Greek  faith ;  the  rest,  with  the  exception  of  a  few  Jews 
and  Calvinists,  are  Roman  Catholics.  Education  is  very 
generally  diffused  by  the  system  of  national  schools.  Prin- 
cipal towns,  Zara,  the  capital,  Spalato,  and  Ragusa.  DaU 
matia  was  conquered  by  the  Romans  in  the  time  of  Augus- 
tus. In  the  seventh  century  it  was  taken  by  the  Slavi,  who 
founded  there  a  kingdom  that  lasted  till  lOoO,  when  the 
greater  part  of  it  was  united  to  Hungarj'  and  the  remainder 
passed  under  the  protection  of  Venice.  In  1797  the  Vene- 
tian portion,  along  with  the  city  of  Venice,  was  ceded  to 
Austria;  but  in  1805,  by  the  treaty  of  Presburg,  it  fell  into 
the  hands  of  Napoleon,  who  first  united  it  to  the  kingdom 
of  Italy,  and  subsequently,  in  1810,  to  the  kingdom  of 
I  Illyria.    The  events  of  1814  brought  Dalmatia  again  undet 


t)At 


^96 


DAM 


AiHtHnn  ruJe.  Pop.  In  I8«»,  45M«l :  '«  1890,527,426. 
-^.Adj.  nn.l  Inhab.  DALMATiAit,  dftl-mi'»he-an^ 

Ualma'tla,*  po»t-»ill»ge  of  Northumberland  oo..  Pa., 
16  uiitM  by  rail  S.  uf  Sunburjr.  It  ha«  2  ohurohM,  a  news- 
MMr  aIIm,  and  graded  sobooli.    Pop.  aboat  600. 

l)iiliimtic,  or  Dalmatlen.    Sec  Dalmatia. 

Diiliniitov,  n  town  of  Kuwia.    See  Dolmatot. 

I>tiliiifriiii{;(un,  n  burRli  of  Scotland,  co.  nnd  ISmiloa 
by  mil  S.E.  of  Ayr.  It  has  woollen  manufactures,  and 
iron-  and  eoal-work«.     I'op.  1514. 

Dalmow,  dArmflw',  or  DnI'araow,  a  town  of  India, 
in  OuiJe,  on  the  Oani?cs,  54  miles  S.  of  Luoknow.     P.  5fl54. 

Dnlmy,  dM'mce,  a  small  inland  in  the  Persian  Gulf,  off 
the  Anibiun  oast,  in  lat.  24"  3«'  N.,  Ion.  52°  24'  E. 

Dairy,  darn',  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  19  miles 
S.W.  of  Ulasgow,  on  a  railway,  and  on  the  right  bank  of 
the  Gamoek.  It  has  iron-works,  eoal-  and  iron-mines,  and 
Mveral  factories.     Pop.  5214. 

Dairy,  a  villiv?e  of  Scotland,  stewartry  of  Kirkond- 
brirht,  .S  miles  N.W.  of  New  Galloway.     Pop.  637. 

Dal'rymple,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  4^  miles 
6.K.  of  Ayr,  on  the  Doon.     Pop.  309. 

Dal'rymple,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co.,  Ontario,  23 
milci  N.  of  Woodville.     Pop.  100. 

Dalson,  Clark  oo.,  111.    See  Doi.sov. 

Dalstoii,  dawl'st^n.  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Mid- 
dlosos,  forming  a  N.  suburb  of  London.     Pop.  13,110. 

Dniton,  dawrt(>n,  a  post-village  of  Randolph  co.,  Ark., 
16  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Pocahontas.  It  has  3  churches,  and 
grist-  and  flour-mills.     Pop.  about  100. 

Dalton,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Whitfield  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Western  &  Atlantic  Kailrond,  39  miles  S.E.  of  Chatta- 
nooga, 99  miles  N.  by  W.  from  Atlanta,  and  39  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Rome.  It  has  a  national  and  a  private  bank,  a  fine 
public  hall,  the  Dalton  Female  College,  public  graded 
Bohools,  11  churches,  a  factory  for  canning  fruits  and  vege- 
tables, a  cotton-mill,  a  cotton-compress,  flouring-mills,  iron- 
works, foundries  and  machine-shops,  a  hay-press  factory, 
a  music  publishing-house,  and  2  newspaper  ofiices.  It  is 
surrounded  by  beautiful  scenerj'.  Dalton  was  nearly  de- 
itroyed  in  the  civil  war,  since  which  it  has  increased  rapidly 
and  has  been  incorporated  as  a  city.     Pop.  in  1890,  3046. 

Dalton,  Cook  oo..  III.    See  Dolton's  Station. 

Dalton,  Moultrie  co.,  III.     See  Dalton  City. 

Dalton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.,  on  Nettle 
Creek,  about  22  miles  N.W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  1  or  2 
Baw-mills.     Pop.  73;  of  the  township,  6S2. 

Dalton,  a  post-village  of  Hopkins  co.,  Ky.,  20  miles 
(direct)  W.  of  Madisonville.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  150. 

Dalton,  a  post-town  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Boston  &  Albany  Railroad,  5  miles  E.N.E.  of  Pittsfield. 
It  has  3  churches,  graded  schools,  and  manufactures  of 
paper,  woollen-goods,  and  shoes.     Pop.  2885. 

Dalton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Muskegon  co.,  Mich.,  in  Dal- 
ton township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Michigan  Lake  Shore 
Railroad,  15  miles  N.N.W.  of  Muskegon.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  425. 

Dalton,  a  post-village  of  CharitOn  co..  Mo.,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Kansas  City  A  Northern  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of 
Brunswick,  and  about  4  miles  N.  of  the  Missouri  River.  It 
has  a  church  and  3  tobacco-factories.     Pop.  about  200. 

Dalton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coos  co.,  N.II.,  in  Dalton 
township,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  about  9  miles  below 
Lancaster.  It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill.  It  is  2 
miles  from  Dalton  Station,  which  is  on  the  White  Mountains 
Railroad,  128  miles  N.  of  Concord.     Pop.  of  township,  773. 

Dalton,  a  post-village  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y.,  19  miles 
by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Warsaw.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw-  and 
feed-mill,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  graded  school.  Pop. 
about  750. 

Dalton,  a  post-village  of  Stokes  co.,  N.C.,  20  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Winston.  It  has  manufactures  of  canned  goods 
and  general  stores.     Here  is  the  Dalton  Institute. 

Dalton,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  0.,  7  miles  by 
mil  S.E.  of  Orrville,  and  12  miles  E.  of  Wooster.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  union  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  pottery, 
and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  610. 

Dalton,  a  post-village  of  Lackawanna  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Delaware,  Lackawanna  A  Western  Ruilrood,  11  miles  N. 
of  Scranton.  It  has  3  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  foundry,  a 
lumber-mill,  and  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  300. 

Dalton  City,  a  po.ot-village  of  Moultrie  co..  111.,  13 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Sullivan.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank, 
a  file-works,  and  a  common  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  334. 

Dalton-in-Fnr'ness,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  18 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Lancaster,  on  a  railway.  It  has  iron- 
mines  and  foundries.     In  its  vicinity  are  the  splendid  ruina 


of  FnraesB  Abbey,  nnd  remains  of  a  castle  called  the  Peel  of 
Foundey,  erecteil  on  an  islet,  to  defend  the  harbor.    P.  9310. 

Dalupiri,  dA-loo-po-ree'  (?),  one  of  the  Philippine  I«. 
lands,  N.  of  Luzon.  Lat.  19°  15'  N.;  Ion.  121°  34'  E.  It 
is  80  miles  in  circumference. 

Da'ly's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Houston  oo.,  Tex.,  6  miles  E. 
of  the  Trinity  River.     It  has  a  church. 

Dal'zell,  a  post-hamlct  of  Washington  co.,  0.,  about  18 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Marietta.     It  has  a  church. 

Dnlzicl,  di*yir  or  daPySr,  a  parish  of  Scotland,  co. 
of  Lanark. 

Dam,  Den,  the  name  by  which  Appingedam  is  known 
to  the  country-people  of  Friesland.    See  Ai'imsokd.vm. 

Damaghan,  d4'ra4-gln',  a  fortified  town  of  Persia,  in 
Khorassan,  50  miles  S.S.E.  of  Astrabad. 

Damak,  a  town  of  Java.     See  Dkmak. 

Daniala,  dl'mlMi,  a  village  of  Greece,  in  Argolis,  26 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Argos,  on  the  Gulf  of  JEgina.  Near  it  are 
the  remains  of  the  ancient  Tnn'zeu. 

Daman,  a  district  of  the  Punjab.     See  Damal'N. 

Damanhoor,  or  Damanhonr,  dJl'mAn-hoor'  (ano. 
Hcfmop'olit  Par'va),  written  also  Dcnicnhoor',  a  town 
of  Egypt,  capital  of  the  Bchora  prefecture,  nt  a  railway 
junction,  38  miles  E.S.E.  of  Alexandria.  It  has  cotton- 
spinning-  and  woollen-weaving-factories.     Pop.  25,000. 

Damanhonr  Sho'bra  (or  Chobra],  a  villnge  on  the 
Nile,  5  miles  N.  of  Cairo.  Hero  the  Khedive  has  a  sum- 
mer residence. 

Damar,  dl'man',  or  Dcmar,  d§m'an',  a  town  of 
Arabia,  in  Yemen,  60  miles  S.S.E.  of  Sana,  with  a  oitadcl, 
a  college,  and  5000  houses. 

Damaran,  di^mi-riln',  an  island  of  the  Malay  Arclii- 
pelago,  E.  of  Palawan.  Lat.  10°  45'  N.;  Ion.  120°  5'  E. 
It  is  45  miles  in  circumference. 

Dam^ariscot'ta,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  in 
Damariscotta  township,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Damariscotta 
River,  opposite  New  Castle,  and  on  the  Knox  &  Lincoln  Rail- 
road, 7  miles  E.  of  Wiscasset.  It  has  a  national  bank,  2 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  shingle-mill,  mnnufactures 
of  brick  and  lumber,  and  a  steam  saw-mill.  It  is  partly 
supported  by  ship-building.  Pop.  of  the  township  in  1S80, 
1N2;  in  1890,  1012. 

Damariscotta  Mills,  a  post-village  in  New  Castle 
anil  Nobleborough  townships,  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  on  tlie  E. 
bank  of  the  Damariscotta  River,  and  on  the  Knox  k  Lin- 
coln Riiilroad,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Wiscasset.  It  has  2  lum- 
ber-mills and  3  general  stores. 

Damariscotta  River,  Maine,  a  narrow  inlet  of  the 
sea,  extending  into  Lincoln  co.  It  is  nearly  22  miles  long, 
and  is  navigable  for  large  ships. 

Damascoville,  Columbiana  co.,  0.    See  Damascus. 

Damascus  (anc.  Damcolc,  dS,-m6sk';  Arab.  Sham-tl- 
Kebecr,  shAm-il-k^-becR',  i.e.,  "  Damascus  the  Great,"  and 
Sham-ca-Shcreef,  shim-fis-sh^-rcef,  i.e.,  "Damascus  the 
Holy"),  a  Celebrated  city  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  capital  of  the 
vilayet  of  Syria  and  of  a  district  of  its  own  name,  beauti- 
fully situated  on  a  plain,  at  the  E.  base  of  the  Anti-Libanug 
range,  about  180  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Aleppo.  Lat.  •'>'.i°  27'  N. ; 
Ion.  36°  25'  E.  It  is  one  of  the  most  ancient  cities  in  the 
world.  It  is  6  miles  in  circumference,  and  is  surrounded 
by  a  dilapidated  wall.  Its  appearance,  when  it  first  opens 
on  the  view,  has  been  spoken  of  by  all  travellers,  in  all 
ages,  in  rapturous  terms.  The  Arabs  regard  it  as  one  of 
their  four  terrestrial  paradises.  The  plain  on  which  it 
stands  is  of  great  extent  and  extraordinary  fertility,  cov- 
ered with  beautiful  gardens  and  orchards,  irrigated  by  the 
limpid  waters  of  the  Barrada,  forming  a  grove  of  more  than 
50  miles  in  circuit.  But  the  interior  of  Damascus  by  no 
means  corresponds  with  the  beauty  of  its  environs.  The 
streets  are  narrow,  and  have,  many  of  them,  a  gloomy  and 
dilapidated  appearance.  Many  of  the  houses  are  built  with 
mud,  and  pierced,  towards  the  street,  by  a  very  few  small 
grated  windows  with  red-painted  shutters.  They  are  low, 
with  flat-arched  doors,  while  a  dung-hill  and  pool  of  putrid 
water  almost  invariably  stand  before  each  door.  In  many 
of  them,  however,  a  singular  contrast  is  presented  between 
the  outer  walls  of  gray  mud,  and  the  richness  within. 

The  best  and  wealthiest  part  of  the  city  is  what  is  called 
the  Moslem  quarter,  where  the  streets  are  wider  and  clciiner 
and  the  houses  higher  and  better  built.  The  Christian  and 
Jewish  quarters  are  miserable.  Among  the  places  most 
worthy  of  notice  in  Damascus  are  the  bazaars,  which  are 
merely  long  streets  covered  in  with  high  wood-work  and 
lined  with  shops,  stalls,  magazines,  and  cafes.  In  the  midst 
of  the  bazaars  stands  the  Great  Khan,  said  to  be  one  of  the 
most  magnificent  structures  of  this  kind  in  the  East.  It  \l 
an  immense  cupola,  supported  on  granite  pillars,  and  built 


DAM 


999 


DAM 


In  part  of  alternate  layers  of  black  and  white  marble.  Its 
gate  is  one  of  tlie  finest  specimens  of  Saracenic  architecture 
in  the  world.  The  principal  mosque  is  also  a  fine  edifice, 
and  was  originally  a  Christian  catliedral.  Besides  the  more 
remarkable  architectural  objects  mentioned,  there  is  an  ex- 
tensive citadel,  also  a  serai  or  palace,  in  which  the  pasha 
resides.  This  city  still  continues  to  be  thoroughly  Oriental 
in  all  its  features  and  characteristics.  No  wheeled  vehicles 
of  any  kind  arc  used,  nor  are  there  glass  windows  to  any  of 
the  houses.  Schools  are  numerous  and  generally  prosperous 
in  the  city. 

Damascus  is  the  chief  emporium  of  the  trade  in  European 
manufactures  with  Bagdad,  Bassorah,  Persia,  and  the  neigh- 
boring countries;  it  is  also  a  place  of  great  manufacturing 
industry.  Traders  and  merchants  arrive  and  depart  with 
the  caravans  to  and  from  Mecca  once  a  year ;  to  and  from 
Bagdad,  Mesopotamia,  and  Persia  two  or  three  times  a 
year;  to  and  from  Aleppo  twice  a  month;  to  and  from  Bey- 
root  weekly.  It  is  one  of  the  holy  cities,  and  here  the  pil- 
grims assemble  on  their  journey  to  Mecca,  and  separate 
on  their  return  from  it.  The  business  classes  in  the  city 
consist  of  Mohammedan,  Christian,  and  Hebrew  merchants. 
There  are  manufactures  of  silk,  damasks,  cotton,  and  other 
fabrics,  besides  numerous  cotton-printing  and  dyeing  es- 
tablishments, tobacco-factories,  copper-  and  iron-foundries, 
glass-works,  soapcrics,  Ac.  The  manufacture  of  Damascus 
blades,  for  which  the  city  was  once  so  celebrated,  no  longer 
exists;  but  saddles  and  bridles,  rich  and  highly  finished, 
fine  cabinet-work,  and  elegant  jewelry  are  largely  produced. 
Until  a  recent  period,  no  Christian  could  walk  the  streets  of 
the  city  without  incurring  the  risk  of  being  maltreated.  In 
Jul}',  1860,  the  Mohammedans  rose  en  viasse,  slaughtered 
thousands  of  Christians,  and  drove  many  into  exile. 

Of  the  origin  of  Damascus  nothing  certain  is  known.  The 
building  of  it  has  been  ascribed  both  to  Abraham  and  to 
his  steward,  Eliezer.  There  is,  however,  abundant  evidence 
of  its  great  antiquity,  being  mentioned  in  Gen.  xiv.  15,  as 
existing  1913  years  B.C.,  and  appearing  oven  then  to  have 
been  a  place  of  note.  At  subsequent  periods  it  fell  suc- 
cessively under  the  power  of  the  Persians,  Greeks,  and  Ro- 
mans, attaining  great  eminence  under  the  last.  In  1516  it 
fell  into  the  hands  of  the  Turks,  who  retained  it  till  1832, 
when  it  was  taken  by  Ibrahim  Pasha,  but  reverted  again  to 
the  Turks  when  the  Pasha  of  Egypt  was  compelled  to  evac- 
uate Syria.  Beyroot,  distant  68  miles  N.W.,  by  an  excel- 
lent road,  is  the  seaport  of  Damascus.    Pop.  150,000,  of  whom 

about  19,000  are  Christians  and  5000  Jews. Adj.  and 

inhab.  Damascene,  dam*a-seen' ;  Arab.  Shamee,  shi'nieo\ 

Damascus,  a  district  or  aanjuk  of  Syria,  comprising 
all  of  that  countrj'  between  Lebanon  and  the  Euphrates, 
having  N.  the  vilayets  of  Aleppo  and  Diarbekir,  W.  the 
districts  of  Tripoli  and  Lebanon,  and  S.  the  Haooran. 
Chief  city,  Damascus.  Here  are  the  remains  of  Palmyra 
and  other  cities  celebrated  in  ancient  and  sacred  history. 
Estimated  pop.  250,000,  exclusive  of  Bedouins. 

Damas'cus,  a  mining  camp  or  hamlet  of  Placer  co., 
Cal.,  18  miles  from  Colfax.     It  has  a  church, 

Damascus,  a  post-village  of  Early  co.,  Qa.,  10  miles 
S.  of  Arlington,  and  about  45  miles  S.AV.  of  Albany.  It  has 
a  church  and  an  academy.     Pop.  125. 

Damascus,  apost-oflice  of  Stephenson  co..  111. 

Damascus,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md., 
about  35  miles  W.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
wagon-shop. 

Damascus,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Miss.,  16  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Forest  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Damascus,  a  post-village  of  Columbiana  eo.,  0.,  13 
miles  (direct)  N.W.of  New  Lisbon.  It  has  4  churches,  an 
academy,  and  carriage-works.     Pop.  about  800. 

Damascus,  Mahoning  co.,  0.     See  Gaufield. 

Damascus,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clackamas  co.,  Oregon, 
about  6  miles  N.E.  of  Oregon  City.  It  has  saw-  and  grist- 
mills, a  broom-factory,  &c. 

Damascus,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Pa.,  in  Da- 
mascus township,  on  the  Delaware  River,  and  near  the  Erie 
Railroad,  is  130  miles  from  New  York,  and  about  15  miles 
N.E.  of  llonesdale.  A  bridge  across  the  river  connects  it 
with  Cochecton,  N.Y.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  a 
grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2442. 

Damann,  da-maun'  (Port.  Daman,  or  Damao,  di- 
mowso'),a  town  of  India,  belonging  to  Portugal  since  1558. 
It  is  on  the  river  Damaunganga,  near  the  sea.  Lat.  20° 
24'  N.;  Ion.  72°  53'  E.  It  is  the  capital  of  the  Portuguese 
colony  of  Daman,  which  has  an  area  of  30  square  miles  and 
a  pop.  of  38,485. 

Damaun,  or  Daman,  a  former  district  of  India,  now 
included  in  DenijaL 


Damazan,  di^mi^zftNo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Lot-et- 
Garonne,  13  miles  N.N.W.  of  N6rac.     Pop.  1871. 

Dambach,  diVm^bik',  a  town  of  Alsace,  4  miles  N.  of 
Schlettstadt.  Pop.  3226.  Near  it  are  mines  of  iron  and 
manganese. 

Dambakaneh,  dim-b&-k!l'n?h,  a  village  of  Africa,  on 
the  Senegal.     Lat.  15°  8'  N. ;  Ion.  13°  30'  AV. 

Dambea,  a  lake  of  Abyssinia.    See  Dembea. 

Dam'bool',  or  Dambo'lo,  a  village  of  Cfeylon,  45 
miles  N.W.  of  Kandy,  and  70  miles  N.E.  of  Colombo.  It 
receives  its  name  from  a  large  mass  of  rock,  situated  about 
a  mile  from  the  village,  and  named  Damboollagalla,  which 
rises  about  550  feet  high,  and  on  the  S.  side  of  which,  about 
100  feet  from  the  summit,  arc  five  remarkable  cave-temples 
devoted  to  Booddha.  In  one  is  a  long  and  interesting  in- 
scription throwing  considerable  light  on  the  state  of  the 
government  of  Ceylon  in  the  twelfth  century.  These  caves, 
a  hundred  years  before  the  Christian  era,  served  as  a  place 
of  refuge  from  the  invading  Malabars,  to  the  Ceylonese 
monarch,  who,  in  gratitude  for  the  protection  thus  re- 
ceived, ordered  them  to  be  enlarged,  placed  in  them  images 
of  Booddha,  appointed  priests  to  take  charge  of  them,  and 
dedicated  certain  lands  for  their  support.  Notwithstanding 
all  the  changes  that  have  taken  place  since  that  pgriod, 
the  priests  of  Booddha  still  officiate  at  the  temples. 

Damborschitz,  d&m'bor-shits\  or  Damboritz^ 
dim'bo-rits\  a  town  of  Moravia,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Briinn. 
Pop.  2150. 

Darner,  a  town  of  Nubia.    See  Ed-Damer. 

Damery,  di'm?h-ree',  a  town  of  France,  in  Marne,  4 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Epernay.     Pop.  1750. 

Damesk,  an  ancient  name  of  Damascus. 

Dame's  Quarter,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  co.,  Md., 
near  Tangier  Sound,  about  1 6  miles  N,  of  Crisfield.  It  has 
3  stores. 

Damgarten,  dlm^gan't^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pome- 
rania,  25  miles  W.  of  Stralsund.     Pop.  1826. 

Damghan,  dim^gin',  a  ruined  town  of  Persia,  in 
Khorassan,  50  miles  S.  of  Astrabad. 

Da'miansville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  III., 
about  22  miles  E.  of  Belleville. 

Damietta,  dam-e-et'ta  (Arab.  Damiat,  dS.-me-8,t',  or 
Dimyat' ;  anc.  Tamia'lhia),  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  the  E. 
branch  of  the  Nile,  about  8  miles  from  the  sea,  and  113  miles 
by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Cairo.  Vessels  of  60  tons  can  cross  its 
bar;  and  the  place  has  considerable  trade  in  dates,  bones, 
rags,  dried  fish,  and  grain.  Pop.,  chiefly  native  Moham- 
medans, (1882)  34,046. 

Damm,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  in  Lower  Franconia,  on 
the  Aschaff,  near  Aschafl'enburg.     Pop.  1900. 

Damm,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Altdamm. 

Damm,  Lake  of.    See  Dammsche-See. 

Damma,  a  Malay  island.     See  Damme. 

Dammarie,  dilm'niilLVee',  the  name  of  several  villages 
in  the  central  departments  of  France;  the  principal  in  Eure- 
et-Loir,  8  miles  S.  of  Chartres.     Pop.  1300. 

Dammartin,  dS,m*mau*tSK°',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Seine-et-Marnc,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Meaux.  Pop.  1784. 
Several  villages,  in  the  departments  of  Doubs,  Jura,  Haute- 
Marne,  Ac,  arc  named  Dammartin. 

Damme,  d&mm  ordim'm^h,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Flanders,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  950. 

Damme,  dim'm^h,  a  village  of  Germany,  duchy  and 
43  miles  S.  of  Oldenburg,  with  a  cattle-market.    Pop.  1448. 

Damme,  dim'meh,  an  island  in  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
between  Coram  and  Timor,  lat.  7°  10'  S.,  Ion.  128°  40'  E., 
about  12  miles  square.  It  is  very  mountainous,  and  has  a 
lofty  active  volcano  in  its  N.E.  part,  where  there  are  also 
hot  springs. 

Damme,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Altpamm. 

Dam'mer,  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  off  the 
S.  extremity  of  Gilolo,  in  lat.  1°  S.,  Ion.  128°  10'  E. 

Dammerkirch,  dS,m'm§r-keerK^  (Fr.  Dannemarte, 
d5,nn'mS.'ree').  a  town  of  Alsace,  12  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Bel- 
fort.     Pop.  1164. 

Dammerselien,  Switzerland.    See  DAOMEnsELLEv. 

Dammgarten,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Damgarten. 

Dammoo'dah,  or  Damo'da,ariver  of  India,  which 
has  its  rise  in  the  district  of  Lohardaga,  presidency  of  Ben- 
gal, in  lat.  23°  55'  N.,  Ion.  84°  53'  E.  It  has  a  S.  course 
of  350  miles,  through  the  districts  of  Ilazarybaugh,  Man- 
bhoom,  Bancoorah,  and  BurdWan,  and  falls  into  the  Iloogly 
in  Int..  22°  13'  N.,  Ion.  88°  7'  E.  It  has  numerous  tribu- 
taries. The  valley  of  the  Dammoodah  abounds  in  iron  and 
coal.     It  is  navigable  for  large  vessels  to  Ampata. 

Dammsche-See,  d4mm'sh§h-pi\  or  Dammische> 
SeS)  d&m'me-sh^h-si^,  a  lake  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania, 


DAM 


1000 


DAN 


f^med  bjr  the  Oder  near  ita  mouth.  Length,  10  miles; 
grattert  breadth,  2  mile*.     It  U  navigable  in  all  its  extent. 

Damoh,  a  town  of  India.    See  Pumoii. 

Dniaoo,  d&'niuo',  a  town  of  Thibet,  40  miles  N.N.E.  of 
the  Niii-dlmut.     Lnt.  SI"  20'  N. ;  Ion.  79°  5:i'  E. 

Dnnipier,  daui'pcer,  an  island  on  the  N.  ooaat  of  Pnpua, 
or  New  (iuinoa.  in  l»t.  4<»  40'  S.,  ion.  145°  60'  E. 

Dnnipier  Archipelago  is  off  the  N.W.  coast  of  Aus- 
tralia, in  Iftt.  -'1°  S,,  Ion.  116°-117°  E.,  and  oomprisos 
Kndorby,  Lewis,  Hoseumry,  Logondre,  Depuoh,  and  many 
smaller  islands.  Dauimku  Strait,  between  the  islands  of 
Waigcoo  and  Papuiv,  is  70  milos  long  and  35  miles  broad. 

Dampicrre,  d&M'po-niii',  a  village  of  France,  in  Jura, 
Aear  the  Duubs,  12  miles  N.E.  of  D6le.     Pop.  705. 

Daiupierre-8ur-Salon,  dAii^t)e-aiR'-siiR-8&M6N<>',  a 
town  of  Franco,  in  IIauto-Sa6ne,  on  the  Salon,  9  miles  N.E. 
of  Gray.  Pup.  1353.  Dainpierro  is  the  name  of  several 
Tillages  in  Central  and  Western  France. 

Damp'nian's,  a  stutiun  in  Chester  oo..  Pa.,  on  the 
Wayneaburg  Branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  10 
miles  from  Downingtown. 

Dampoor,  or  Dhampoor,  d&m^poor',  a  town  of 
India,  liijnaur  district,  38  miles  N.W.  of  Moradabad. 
Pop.  6555. 

Dhmpremyt  d&u^pr&^mee',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in 
Ilaiuaut,  a  few  miles  £.  of  Charloroi.  It  has  glass-works 
and  coal-mines.     Pop.  5335. 

Dnm'sa,  a  beautiful  islet  of  the  Orltneys,  in  the  Bay 
and  forming  part  of  the  parish  of  Firth. 

Dnmu|;goo,  d&-mug-goo',  a  large  town  of  Africa,  on 
the  left  b:uik  of  the  Niger.     Lat.  7°  N. ;  Ion.  7°  50'  E. 

Daiiivillc,  ddtiVool',  a  village  of  France,  in  Euro,  11 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Evreux.     Pop.  968. 

Damvillers,  d6MVee^y&',  a  village  of  France,  in  Meuse, 

13  miles  S.  of  Montm6dy.     Pop.  834. 

Dan,  a  city  of  antiquity  in  Palestine,  at  the  N.  ex- 
tremity of  the  "  Promised  Land."  The  site  of  Dan  has  been 
identified  with  Tell-el-Kady,  3  miles  W.N.W.  of  Banias. 

Dan,  a  post-office  of  Taylor  co.,  Iowa. 

Dana,  dil'n&,  an  important  river  of  East  Africa,  rises 
near  Mount  Kenia,  and  flows  across  the  coast  plain  S.E.  to 
Formosa  Bay.  It  is  said  to  be  navigable  for  about  100  miles 
from  the  coast. 

Dana,  d&'n&,  a  village  of  Northern  Syria,  pashalic  and 
20  miles  W.  of  Aleppo.     It  has  many  remains  of  antiquity. 

Dana,  d4'na  a  post-village  of  La  Salle  co..  III.,  about 

14  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Stre:itor.  It  has  a  church,  a 
newspaper  office,  il:c.     Pop.  in  1890,  221. 

Dana,  a  post-village  of  Vermilion  co.,  Ind.,  7  miles  by 
mil  W.  by  N.  of  Hillsdale.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  495. 

Dana,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Iowa,  5  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Qrand  Junction,  and  9  miles  (direct)  N.E.  of 
Jefferson.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  150. 

Dana,  a  post-township  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  about 
28  miles  W.N.W.,  of  Worcester.  It  contains  a  village  named 
North  Dana,  and  has  manufactures  of  palm-leaf  hats. 

Dana,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Carbon  co., Wyoming, 
on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  34  miles  E.  of  Rawlins. 

Dannliil,  the  plural  of  Dankali. 

Danapris,  an  ancient  name  of  the  Dnieper. 

Danaster  and  Danastris.    See  Dxiester. 

Danau  and  Danaw,  names  of  the  Danube. 

Dan'borongh,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  4  miles 
N.  of  Doylestown.     It  has  several  stores,  Ac. 

Dan'bnrg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilkes  co.,  Ga.,  12  miles 
K.  of  Washington  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Danbnry,  dan'b^r-e,  a  city,  one  of  the  capitals  of  Fair- 
field CO.,  Conn.,  is  at  the  north  terminus  of  the  Danbury  & 
Norwalk  Railroad,  69  miles  N.N.E.  of  New  York,  about  30 
miles  W.N.W.  of  New  Haven,  and  20  miles  (direct)  N.W. 
of  Bridgeport.  The  Brookfield  Branch  of  the  Housatonio 
Railroad  extends  from  this  place  to  Brookfield  Junction, 
and  there  connects  with  the  main  line  of  that  railroad.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  12  churches,  a  public  library,  2  na- 
tional and  2  savings-banks,  2  large  graded  schools,  2  news- 
paper offices,  38  bat-fautories,  2  machine-works,  a  silver- 
ware-factory, 3  fur-cutting  works,  and  2  box-factories. 
Its  prosperity  is  mainly  supported  by  its  manufactures  of 
bats.  Danbury  was  burned  by  the  British  in  April,  1777. 
Pop.  in  1890,  16,552. 

Danbary,  a  post- village  of  Woodbury  co.,  Iowa,  64 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Sioux  City.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  423. 

Danbury,  a  post-hamlet  of  Red  Willow  co..  Neb.,  33 
miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Beaver  City.  It  has  a  oburch 
and  a  bank.    Pop.  100. 


Danbury,  a  post-rillage  of  Merrimno  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Danbury  township,  on  the  Northern  Railroad,  30  miles  N.W. 
of  Concord.  The  township  is  hilly  or  mountainous.  It 
has  3  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  790. 

Danbury,  a  post-village,  cuiiitui  of  Stokes  co.,  N.C.,  on 
the  Dan  River,  about  112  miles  W.N.W.  of  Raleigh.  It  has 
2  churches,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufuo- 
tures  of  tobacco  and  iron. 

Danbury,  a  post-township  of  Ottawa  co.,  0.,  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  Lake  Erie,  and  on  the  S.  by  Sandusky  Bay, 
which  separates  it  from  Sandusky  City.  It  bos  a  statioo 
(Danbury)  on  the  Lake  Shore  &.  Michigan  Southern  Rail- 
road, 0  miles  W.  of  Sandusky.  Danbury  Post-Office  is  at 
this  station.     Pop.  1252. 

Dan'by,  a  post-hamlet  of  Danby  township,  Ionia  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Grand  Riv  ;r,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Portland.     Pop. 
of  the  township,  1140.     Danby  Station  is  on  the  Detroit,  | 
Lansing  &  Lake  Michigan  Railroad,  20  miles  W.N.W.  of  ■ 
Lansing. 

Danby,  a  post-office  of  York  co..  Neb. 

Danby,  a  post-village  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Danby 
township,  0  miles  S.  of  Ithaca,  and  about  25  miles  N.E.  of 
Elmira.  It  has  2  or  3  churches.  Pop.  about  400.  The  town- 
ship contains  a  hamlet  named  West  Danby,  which  is  on  the 
Geneva,  Ithaca  &,  Sayre  Railroad.    Pop.  of  township,  2161. 

Danby,  a  post-villnge  in  Danby  township,  Rutland  co., 
Vt.,  on  Otter  Creek,  18  mill's  by  rail  S.  of  Rutland,  and  ^ 
mile  W.  of  the  Green  Mountains.  It  has  2  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  lumber,  charcoal,  boxes,  and  chair-stock; 
also  a  marble-quarry.  Dairying  is  the  principal  business 
of  Danby,  which  has  8  cheese- factories.  Pop.  about  250; 
of  the  township,  1084. 

Dan'by,  or  Old  Dur'ham,  a  post-village  in  Drum- 
mondco.,  Quebec,  14  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Richmond.    P.  117. 

Danby  Four  CornerR,  a  ptist-bamlet  of  Rutland  co., 
Vt.,  4  miles  from  Danby  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Dan'cing  Branch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co., 
Tenn.,  about  4  miles  W.  of  Madisonville. 

Dan'cyville,  a  post-village  of  Haywood  co.,  Tenn., 
about  52  miles  E.N.E.  of  Memphis.  It  has  an  academy 
and  3  churches. 

Danda,  din'di,  or  Dande,din'd?h,  a  river  of  South- 
western Africa,  bounds  the  state  of  Angola  on  the  N.,  and 
enters  the  Atlantic  60  miles  N.  of  the  mouth  of  the  Coanza, 
after  a  northern  course  estimated  at  200  miles.  Danda  is 
a  village  near  its  mouth. 

Dan'dridgc,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jefferson  co., 
Tenn.,  about  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Knoxville,  and  3  miles  N. 
of  the  French  Broad  River.  It  has  an  academy,  a  female 
institute,  5  churches,  and  manufactures  of  leather  and 
wagons.     Pop.  about  800. 

Dane,  or  Dftne.    See  De.nmark. 

Dane,  a  county  in  the  S.  partof  Wisconsin,  has  an  area 
of  about  1240  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the 
Wisconsin  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Catfish,  Koshko- 
nong,  and  Sugar  Rivers.  Among  the  physical  features 
of  this  county  are  four  beautiful  lakes,  named  Mendota, 
Menona,  Kegonsa,  and  Waubcsa,  which  are  connected  by 
short  outlets.  The  surface  is  finely  diversified  with  hills  of 
moderate  height,  undulating  prairies,  and  groves  or  "oak 
openings."  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  Indian 
corn,  hay,  butter,  pork,  and  wool  are  the  staple  products. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  and  by  the 
Illinois  Central  Railroad,  all  three  roads  centring  at  Mad- 
ison, the  capital  of  the  county.  Madison  is  olso  the  capital 
of  the  state.  Pop.  in  1870,  53,096;  in  1880,  63,233;  in 
1890,  59,578. 

Dane,  or  Dane  Station,  a  post-village  of  Dane  co., 
Wis.,  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the  Chicago 
&.  Northwestern  Railroad,  15  miles  N.N.W.  of  Madison.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  district  school,  a  Catholic  parochial  school, 
manufactures  of  butter,  and  is  inhabited  by  Germans. 
Pop.  about  300;  of  the  township,  1161. 

Dilncmark.    See  Denmark. 

Danemarka,  the  Italian  for  Dexmark. 

Dancmora,  or  Dannemora,  di-ne-mo'ri,  a  viliaga 
of  Sweden,  24  miles  N.N.E.  of  Upsal,  celebrated  for  the 
iron-mines  in  its  vicinity,  which  have  been  worked  without 
interruption  from  the  fifteenth  century  and  produce  the 
finest  iron.    Railways  connect  it  with  Geflc  and  Stockholm. 

Danemora,  New  York.     See  Danne.moka. 

Dane  Prairie,  township.  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn.  P.  287. 

Daneshalt,  a  village  of  Scotland.     See  Du.vshelt.     , 

Dane  Station,  Dane  co..  Wis.     See  Dane,  ^, 

Dan'ford,  a  post-office  of  Guernsey  co.,  0. 

Dan'forth,  a  post-village  of  Iroijuois  co.,  III.,  on  tbo 


DAN 


1001 


DAN 


Illinois  Central  Railroad,  26  miles  N.  of  Paxton,  and  21 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Kankakee.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  an  academy.     Pop.  about  300. 

Danforth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa,  18 
miles  (direct)  N.W.  of  Iowa  City. 

Danforth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Me.,  in 
Danforth  township,  on  the  European  &  North  American 
Railroad,  88  miles  N.B.  of  Bangor.  It  has  a  lumber-mill. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1063. 

Danforth,  a  post-village  of  Adair  co.,  Mo.,  10  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Kirksville.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Danforth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hand  co.,  S.D.,  about  10 
miles  (direct)  S.  by  E.  of  Miller. 

Dangeau,  d6x»'zho',  a  village  of  France,  in  Eure-et- 
Loir,  9  miles  N.  of  Chateaudun.     Pop.  1409. 

Danger  (dain'j^r)  Island,  of  Chagos  Archipelago,  on 
the  W.  edge  of  the  Great  Chagos  Bank.  Lat.  6°  25'  S. ;  Ion. 
71°  18'  30"  E. 

Dangerfield,  Morris  co.,  Tex.     See  Daingerfield. 

Danger  Isles,  a  small  group  of  islands  in  the  Pacific. 
Lat.  11°  S.;  Ion.  166°  W. 

Dangerous  Archipelago,  dain'jer-us  ar-k?-pel'- 
a-go,  a  group  of  islands  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  in  lat.  21°  S., 
Ion.  140°  W.,  nearly  identical  with  the  Low  Archipelago. 

Danger  (dang'gh^r)  River  {Danger  is  a  corruption  of 
D'Amjra,  or  Rio  d'Angra,  i.e.,  the  "  River  of  the  Bay"),  a 
river  of  Africa,  which  falls  into  the  Bight  of  Biafra,  form- 
ing a  considerable  bay  at  its  mouth,  in  lat.  1°  N. 

Danholm,  din'holm,  formerly  Stralc,  stri'li,  a  small 
island  in  the  Baltic,  in  the  narrow  strait  between  lliigen 
and  the  mainland. 

Dania,  a  Latin  name  for  Denmauk. 

Danie,  an  island  of  Persia.     See  Daeny. 

Daniell's  (diln'y^lz)  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Douglas 
CO.,  Ga.,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Whitesburg  Station.  Here  are 
a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Dan'ielsonville,  a  post-borough  of  Windham  co., 
Conn.,  in  Killingly  township,  on  the  Quinebaug  River,  and 
on  the  Norwich  &  Worcester  Railroad,  26  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Norwich,  and  8  miles  S.  of  Putnam.  It  has  6  churches,  a 
national  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  savings-bank,  a  graded 
school,  and  several  cotton-mills,  which  make  prints  and 
sheetings.     Pop.  about  4000. 

Dan'ielsville,  a  small  post-village,  capital  of  Madison 
CO.,  Ga.,  about  22  miles  N.E.  of  Athens.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  high  school,  and  a  newspaper  ofiice.     Pop.  140. 

Danielsville,  a  post-village  of  Northampton  co.,  Pa., 
15  miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Pen-Argyle.  It  has  2  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  slate  mantels  and  black-boards.  P.  400. 

Danielsville,  a  post-ofiice  of  Dickson  co.,  Tenn, 
.  Danilisha,  di-ne-lee'shi,  a  village  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment of  Perm,  of  which  city  it  is  a  suburb. 
,  Danilov,  or  Danilow,  d3,-ne-lov',  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Yaroslav,  on  the 
Pelenda.  It  is  surrounded  by  collieries,  and  has  dye-works 
and  manufactures  of  candles.     Pop.  4365. 

Danilovetschi,orDanilowitschi,di-ne-lo-v5tch'- 
ee,  a  town  of  Russia,  80  miles  N.  of  Minsk.     Pop.  1500. 

Danische-VVald,  di'nish-?h-^iltS  a  country  of  Slcs- 
wick,  between  the  Gulfs  of  Eckernfiirde  and  Kiel. 

Danish,  or  D&nisch.     See  Desmark. 

Dankali,  din^kd,-lee',  plural  Danakil,  d8,-ni'keer 
or  di-ni'kil,  a  name  strictly  belonging  to  the  African  peo- 
ple called  Afar  (which  see),  it  being  an  Arabic  appellation 
for  that  race ;  but  geographers  frequently  apply  the  names 
Dankali  and  Danakil  to  a  portion  of  the  Afar  country, 
bounded  N.E.  by  the  Red  Sea  and  S.W.  by  a  range  of 
mountains  running  nearly  parallel  to  the  coast  and  forming 
a  frontier-line  towards  'ligre  and  the  Galla  country.  It 
is  about  260  miles  in  length,  by  about  56  in  width  at  the 
broadest  part,  and  extends  from  about  lat.  13°  to  15°  30' 
N.  It  is  in  general  low,  sandy,  dry,  and  unproductive, 
although  said  to  have  been  formerly  a  rich  country.  The 
heat  is  often  excessive,  the  thermometer  rising  frequently 
to  110°.  In  the  dry  season  it  is  almost  destitute  of  water. 
Its  population  is  composed  of  various  tribes,  described  by 
all  travellers  as  being  unprincipled,  treacherous,  and  cruel. 
Pop.  estimated  at  70,000. 

Dankara,  da,n'ka-ra*,  Denkera,  den'k§-ri\  or  Din- 
kira,  din'ke-r4\  a  town  of  Africa,  capital  of  a  kingdom 
of  the  same  name,  47  miles  W.  of  Coomassie,  The  king- 
dom is  under  British  protection,  and  has  gold-mines. 

Dankaur,  a  town  of  India.    See  Dunkour. 

Dankia,  a  mountain  of  Asia.     See  Dunkia. 

Dankov,  or  Dankow,  diln-kov',  written  also  Don- 
kov',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  90  miles  S.  of 
Eiazan,  on  the  Don.     Pop.  2153. 
61 


Danmark,  the  Danish  for  Denmark. 

Dan^naikencot'ta,  a  town  of  British  India,  in  th« 
presidency  of  Madras,  32  miles  N.  of  Coimbatoor. 

Dan'nebrog,  a  post-village  of  Howard  co..  Neb.,  about 
9  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  2  churches,  2 
banks,  a  newspaper  office,  grist-mills,  kc.     Pop.  280. 

Dannemarie,  a  town  of  Alsace.    See  Dammerkirch. 

Dannemora,  a  town  of  Sweden.    See  Danemora. 

Dannenio'ra,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Dannemora  township,  about  14  miles  W.  of  Plattsburg.  A 
prison  known  as  the  Clinton  State  Prison  was  establishes] 
here  in  1845  in  order  to  employ  convicts  in  mining  and 
manufacturing  iron.  Chazy  Lake  is  in  this  township.  Pop, 
of  the  township,  2962.  Dannemora  Station,  several  miles 
N.  of  the  town  limits,  is  on  the  Ogdensburg  &  Lake  Cham- 
plain  Railroad,  29  miles  E.  of  Malone. 

Dannenberg,  din'n^n-bSuG',  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Hanover,  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  LUneburg,  on  the  Jeetze.  Pop. 
2062. 

Danois,  the  French  for  the  inhabitants  of  Denmark. 

Dan  River  rises  in  Patrick  co.,  Va.,  from  which  it  runs 
into  Stokes  co.,  N.C.  Flowing  northeastward  through  Rock- 
ingham CO.,  it  returns  into  Virginia,  and  passes  by  Dan- 
ville, below  which  its  general  direction  is  eastward.  After 
it  has  crossed  the  southern  boundary  of  Virginia  five  times, 
it  unites  with  the  Staunton  River  at  Clarksville,  in  Meck- 
lenburg CO.  The  stream  formed  by  this  confluence  is  the 
Roanoke  River.  The  Dan  River  is  about  200  miles  long, 
and  is  navigable  by  bateaus  to  Danville. 

Dan  River,  a  township  of  Caswell  co.,  N.C.     P.  1910. 

Dan's  Fork  of  the  Big  Black  River,  Mo.,  rises  in  La- 
fayette CO.,  runs  eastward,  and  enters  the  Big  Black  in 
Saline  CO. 

Dan  s  vill  e,  danz'vll,  a  post- village  of  Ingham  co.,  Mich., 
in  Ingham  township,  8  miles  S.E.  of  M.ason,  and  about  70 
miles  W.N. W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  3  churches,  a  union  school, 
a  bank,  a  foundry,  a  saw-mill,  and  manufactures  of  wagons, 
staves,  and  bolts.     Pop.  366. 

Dansville,  a  post-village  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
North  Danville  township,  on  the  Canaseraga  Creek,  on  the 
Dansville  <fc  Mount  Morris  Railroad,  1 5  miles  S.E.  of  Mount 
Morris,  about  44  miles  S.  of  Rochester,  and  on  the  Dela- 
ware, Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  76  miles  S.E.  of 
Buffalo.  It  contains  8  churches,  a  union  school,  2  banks, 
a  chair-factory,  paper-  and  pulp-mills,  a  reaper  and  mower 
manufactory,  machine-shops,  flouring-milld,  and  large  nur- 
series and  vineyards.  Here  is  the  largest  fire-proof  hygi- 
enic institute  in  the  world,  known  as  the  "Jackson  Sana- 
torium." Three  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 
Pop.  in  1880,  3625;  in  1890,  3758. 

Dansville  (South  Dansville  Post-Office),  a  township  of 
Steuben  co.,  N.Y.     Pop.  1854.     It  contains  Rogersvillo. 

Dansville,  or  Danville,  a  hamlet  of  Meigs  co.,  0., 
in  Salem  township,  about  13  miles  AV.  of  Pomeroy.  It  has 
a  church.     Here  is  Alberta  Post-Office. 

Dant'zic,  or Dant'zick  (Ger.  Danzig,  dint'siG ;  Polish, 
Gdansk,  g'dinsk ;  Fr.  Duntzick,  diNt^zeek' ;  L.  Dantis'cum), 
a  city  of  Prussia,  capital  of  a  government  of  its  own  name, 
province  of  AVest  Prussia,  is  situated  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Vistula,  3*  miles  from  its  outlet,  which  traverses  the  city 
and  is  here  joined  by  the  Mottlau  and  the  Radaune.  Lat. 
64°  21'  4"  N.;  Ion.  18°  39'  34"  E.  Railways  connect  it 
with  the  principal  towns  of  North  Germany.  The  mean 
temperature  of  the  year  is  45°,  winter,  30°,  summer,  62° 
Fahr.  It  is  nearly  of  a  circular  form,  and  ranks  as  a  fortress 
of  the  first  class,  being  surrounded  by  walls  and  bastions, 
defended  by  a  citadel  and  outworks,  and  provided  with  the 
means  of  laying  a  part  of  the  surrounding  country  under 
water.  It  is  entered  by  four  gates,  has  nine  suburbs,  and  is 
divided  into  five  parts, — the  Old,  the  New,  and  the  Low  Town, 
the  Speieher  (granaries),  an  island,  and  Langgarten.  The 
last  is  the  more  modern  part  of  the  town,  and  is  both  regu- 
larly and  well  built.  In  the  other  parts  the  houses  arc  gen 
erally  old  and  indifferent  and  the  streets  narrow  and  wind- 
ing. The  principal  public  edifices  are  a  cathedral,  finished 
in  1503,  numerous  churches,  chapels,  synagogues,  mon.as- 
teries  and  nunneries,  a  gymnasium,  2  realschulen,  a  school 
of  navigation,  schools  of  commerce,  arts,  and  trade,  a  public 
library  with  50,000  volumes,  an  observatory,  a  museum,  an 
orphan  asylum,  a  house  of  industry,  several  hospitals,  town 
balls,  an  arsenal,  a  navy-yara,  and  an  exchange.  Vessels 
drawing  8  or  9  feet  of  water  can  reach  the  city ;  others  lie 
in  the  Neufahrwasser,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river,  or  in 
the  roads,  which  afford  good  anchorage  for  vessels  of  any 
burden.  Its  principal  manufactures  are  fire-arms,  tobacco, 
silks,  vitriol,  jewelry,  shipping,  amber  goods,  and  goldwat- 
*er  ;  and  it  has  nomerous  distilleries,  breweries,  flour-millg, 


DAN 


1001 


DAN 


dTe-workc,  and  ■ug«r-r«flB*riM.    The  princlp*!  •xporta  Bre 
WthMO,  ry,  bM-Uy,  oata,  p«w^  flour,  HniMd,  rape,  bi«cuJt«, 

firovitions,  aahM,  «lnc,  Donea,  timber,  rtavc*,  flax,  homp, 
Inen*.  spirits,  b««r,  and  woo!.  The  iinporta  ooniprisc  woollen 
and  »ilken  stuKa  and  other  mnnuractared  goods,  petroleum, 
cool,  fi»h,  dyee,  wine,  oil,  »pioe,  fruit,  wilt,  and  furs. 

The  proper  jwrt  of  Dnntiic  in  Neufahrwaaeer,  at  the  mouth 
of  theS'i»tulii,  to  which  a  railway  extend^  the  number  of 
■and-banks  which  encumber  the  river  immediately  above 
•erioualy  obstructing  the  navigntion.  Now,  however,  by 
meant  of  a  oanal  about  150  feet  wide  by  15  feet  deep,  the 
worst  of  the  obatructions  are  avoided,  nnd  vessels  of  large 
lite  come  np  close  to  the  town.  It  has  a  large  trade  also  by 
rail  and  by  river.  The  corn-grannries,  with  warehouses  for 
lincni),  ashes,  hemp,  Ae.,  are  all  situated  on  a  small  islnnd 
furmed  by  the  Mottlau. 

As  early  as  970  there  was  a  town  here.  In  1271  it  wns 
taken  by  Meetwin,  and  in  1294  by  the  Poles.  It  was  occu- 
pied by  the  Teutonic  Knights  from  1310  till  1454,  wl>en  it 
became  independent  under  the  protection  of  Poland,  and 
was  fbr  a  long  period  a  principal  member  of  the  Ilansentic 
lienguo.  Dantzic  was  assigned  to  Prussia  at  the  second 
partition  of  Poland.  It  capitulated  to  the  French  in  1807. 
Since  1815  its  fortifications  nave  been  greatly  improved.  P. 
in  1875,  97,931;  in  1890, 120,469. Inhab.  Dant'zicker. 

DaBt'liCy  a  government  of  Prussia,  province  of  West 
Prussia,  bounded  N.  by  the  Baltic,  E.  by  KonigBbcrg,  8.  by 
Marienwerder,  and  W.  by  Coslin.  Area,  3071  square  miles. 
Surface  level  and  well  watered.  Products,  corn,  barley, 
flax,  and  tobacco.  Horses,  cattle,  and  swine  are  reared. 
The  principal  lakes  are  the  Drausensee,  Isarnowitzersee, 
and  Raduunensee.  The  Vistula  is  the  principal  river. 
Chief  towns,  Dantzic  and  Elbing.  Pop.  about  550,000, 
Dnntzick.    See  Dantxic. 

Dan'ubc  (ane.  Danu'lius,  and  Fs'ter  /  Ger.  Donau,  do'- 
n5w  ;  Hun.  Dttna,  doo'nSh),  the  largest  river  in  Europe  next 
to  the  Volga,  formed  by  the  union  at  Donaueschingen  of  two 
streams,  the  Brege  and  the  Brigach,  which  rise  in  the  eastern 
slope  of  the  Black  Forest,  in  lat.  48°  6'  N.,  Ion.  8°  9'  E., 
2650  feet  above  the  sen-level.  Its  general  course  is  from  W. 
to  E.,  falling  into  the  Black  Sea  by  four  mouths,  viz.,  the 
Kilia,  Stambool,  Edrillis  or  St.  George's,  and  Soolina.  The 
last,  which  is  the  deepest  and  has  been  much  improved  by 
the  construction  of  jetties,  falls  into  the  sea  in  lat.  45°  9'  18" 
N.,  Ion.  29°  40'  30"  E.  The  extent  of  its  basin  is  269,180 
square  miles  ;  the  direct  distance  from  source  to  mouth,  1000 
miles,  but  including  windings,  about  2000.  From  its  source 
it  flows  in  a  general  easterly  direction  (passing  Ulm,  Lintz, 
Vienna,  and  Presburg)  till  it  reaches  Waitzen,  in  Hungary; 
there  it  turns  S.  to  Vukovar,  in  Slavonia,  passing  Pesth  ; 
from  Vukovar  it  flows  in  a  general  southeasterly  direction  to 
its  mouths,  passing  in  its  course  Belgrade,  Orsova,  Widin, 
•Nicopolis,  Silistria,  Galatz,  and  Ismail,  and  forming  between 
Belgrade  and  Orsova  the  boundary  between  Hungary  and 
Servia,  and  from  Orsova  to  below  Silistria  the  boundary 
between  Iloumania  and  Bulgaria.  Below  the  Pruth  its  N. 
bank  is  Russian,  and  on  the  S.  is  the  Dobrudja,  now  a 
part  of  Iloumania.  The  average  fall  of  the  Danube  is  18 
inches  per  mile.  It  is  joined  in  its  course  by  over  400 
tributaries,  of  which  100  are  navigable.  Among  the  prin- 
cipal tributaries  on  the  right  may  be  noted  the  lller, 
Lech,  Isar,  Inn,  Enns,  Raab,  Drave,  Save,  and  Morava ; 
on  the  left,  the  Altmiihl,  Regcn,  March,  Theiss,  Temcs, 
Aluta,  Sereth,  and  Pruth.  At  Ulm  the  Danube  becomes 
navigable  for  flat-bottomed  boats  of  100  tons.  Between 
Alt-Orsova,  in  Hungary,  and  Gladova,  in  Servia,  the  navi- 
gation was  formerly  effectually  stepped  by  the  famous  rapid 
or  cataract  called  the  Iron  Gate.  Modern  science  has  done 
much  to  overcome  this  obstacle,  and  vessels  drawing  9  feet 
are  now  able  to  pass  it.  A  tax  is  levied  on  all  vessels  navi- 
gating the  river,  to  complete  so  far  as  post^ible  the  removal 
of  this  obstruction.  Above  Orsova  the  rapidity  of  the  cur- 
rent is  so  great  as  to  render  navigation,  save  by  steam, 
impossible ;  below  that  point  the  flow  is  gentle  and  equable. 
The  delta  formed  among  its  channels  or  mouths  comprises 
an  area  of  about  1000  square  miles. Adj.  Danu'bian. 

Dan'nbe,  a  post-township  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Erie  Canal,  about  28  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Utica,  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  the  Mohawk  River.  It  has  5  cheese-factories, 
and  contains  Newville.     Pop.  1324. 

Dannbian  Principalities  or  Provinces.  See 
Roi'MASiA,  Servia,  and  liirLGAUiA. 

Dannm,  the  ancient  name  of  Doncasteii. 

Danas,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  the  Ain. 

Dan'verSt  a  post-village  of  McLean  co..  III.,  in  Dan- 
Vers  township,  on  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  k 
€t.  Louis  Railroad,  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bloomington.     It 


hu  S  churches,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  oflioe, 
an  elevator,  and  general  stores.     Pop.  in  ISUO,  5w6. 

Danvers,  a  ])oiJt-Tillage  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  in  ]>anTeri 
township,  on  the  Lawrence  Branch  of  tlie  Eastern  diviitiun 
and  the  Newburyport  Branch  of  the  Western  division  of 
the  Boston  k  Maine  Railroad,  19  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Bos- 
ton, and  5  miles  N.W.  of  Salem.  It  has  several  churches, 
a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  high  school,  a  branch 
of  the  Peabody  Free  I'ublio  Library,  and  extensive  manu- 
factures of  shoes,  bricks,  leather,  and  boxes.  Here  is  the 
new  and  beautiful  insane  asylum  founded  by  the  state,  the 
e<liflce  of  which  cost  nearly  $2,000,000.  It  is  situato<l  on  a 
hill,  and  is  surmounted  by  towers  which  command  a  msg- 
nificent  view.  A  weekly  newspaj)er  is  published  here.  The 
township  contains  also  2  villages,  named  Danvers  Centre 
and  Danvers  Port,  and  has  9  eliurches.    Pop.  in  1890,  7454. 

Danvers  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  Mass., 
in  Danvers  township,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Salem,  and  2  milefl 
W.  of  Danvers.  Its  station  is  on  the  Newburyport  Branch 
of  the  Boston  k  Maine  Railroad,  i  mile  S.W.  of  Danvers. 
It  has  a  church  and  several  shoe-factories. 

Danvers  Port,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  5Iass.,  in 
Danvers  township,  on  the  Lawrence  Branch  of  the  Eastern 
Railroad,  and  on  a  navigable  inlet  of  the  ocean,  3^  miles 
N.W.  of  Salem,  and  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Boston.  Wura  are 
several  churches,  a  high  school,  and  manufactures  of  bricks, 
shoes,  iron,  Ac.     Pop.  about  500. 

Dan'ville,  a  post-village  of  Morgan  co.,  Ala.,  about  16 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Decatur.  It  has  2  churches,  the  Danville 
College,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Danville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Yell  co.,  Ark.,  on 
the  Petit  Jean  River,  about  74  miles  W.N.W.  of  Little 
Rock.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  district  school. 

Danville,  a  post-village  of  Contra  Costa  co.,  Cal.,  18 
miles  E.  of  Oakland.     It  has  a  church  and  3  general  stores. 

Danville,  a  city  of  Illinois,  the  capital  of  Vermilion 
CO.,  is  on  the  Vermilion  River,  in  Danville  township,  l.'i2 
miles  S.  of  Chicago,  73  miles  E.N.E.  of  Decatur,  iind  38 
miles  E.  of  Champaign.  It  is  on  the  Chicago  A  Eastern 
Illinois  Railroad,  wliich  connects  here  with  the  Paris  k 
Danville  Railroad.  The  Wabash  Railroad  crosses  the  In- 
dianapolis, Bloomington  k  Western  Railroad  at  this  place, 
which  is  also  a  terminus  of  the  Evansville,  Terre  Haute  k 
Chicago  Railroad.  It  contains  a  court-house,  an  opera- 
house,  3  public  halls,  18  churches,  2  national  banks,  2  other 
banks,  the  Danville  High  School,  3  foundries,  5  steam- 
mills,  and  numerous  manufactures.  Three  daily  and  5 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Bituminous  coal 
crops  out  here  in  the  bluffs  of  the  river,  and  is  mined  exten- 
sively. The  car-shops  and  machine-shops  of  the  Chicago 
k  Eastern  Illinois  Railroad  are  lociited  at  Danville.  Pop. 
in  1890,  11,491;  of  the  township,  17,768. 

Danville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hendricks  co.,  Ind., 
in  Centre  township,  on  White  Lick  Creek,  and  on  the  In- 
dianapolis k  St.  Louis  Railroad,  19  miles  W.  of  Indianap- 
olis. It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  a  college,  a  graded  school, 
a  plough-factory,  and  saw-  and  flour-mills.  Two  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1569. 

Danville,  a  post-village  of  Des  Moines  co.,  Iowa,  13 
miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Burlington.  It  has  3  churches 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  300. 

Danville,  a  post-village  of  Harper  co.,  Kansas,  about 
8  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Harper,  and  11  miles  direct  N.E.  of 
Anthony.  It  has  2  churches,  2  academies,  general  stores, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  about  300. 

Danville,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Boyle  co.,  Ky.,  36 
miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Lexington,  and  4  miles  by  rail  N. 
of  Junction  City.  It  is  the  seat  of  Centre  College  ( Presby- 
terian), which  was  founded  in  1819  and  has  about  150 
students  and  a  library  of  5OU0  volumes.  Danville  contains 
a  court-house,  the  Caldwell  Institute,  3  national  banks,  a 
newspaper  office,  an  institution  for  deaf-mutes,  14  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  carriages,  ice,  and  bricks.  Pop.  in 
1890,  3766. 

Danville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Androscoggin  co.,  Me.,  in 
Auburn  township,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  at  its 
junction  with  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  27  miles  N.  of 
Portland,  and  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Auburn  Court-IIouse. 
It  has  a  public  hall  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  about  150.  The 
name  of  its  station  is  Danville  Junction. 

Danville,  a  post-township  of  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn., 
about  22  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Mankato.     Pop.  618. 

Danville,  a  post-office  of  Alcorn  oo..  Miss.,  8  or  9  miles 
S.AV.  of  Corinth. 

Danville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Montgomery  co.. 
Mo.,  in  Danville  township,  about  28  miles  S.E.  of  Mex- 
ico,  and   44  miles   E.N.E.  of  Jefferson   City.     It  has  2 


DAN 


1003 


DAR 


churches  and  a  public  school.  Pop.  in  1890,  380;  of  the 
township,  2682. 

Danville,  a  post-township  of  Rocltingham  co.,  N.H., 
about  30  miles  S.B.  of  Concord.  It  has  manufactures  of 
lumber,  violins,  <tc.     Pop.  548. 

Danville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  about  12 
miles  E.N.B.  of  Belvidere.    It  has  several  churches  near  it. 

Danville,  New  York.    See  Dansville. 

Danville,  a  village  of  Highland  co.,  0.,  7  miles  S.W. 
of  Hillsborough,  and  about  44  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Cincinnati. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  157.     Here  is  Nevin  Post-Oflfice. 

Danville,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  0.,  in  Union 
township,  14  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Mount  Vernon.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  cigar-factory,  a  newspaper  office, 
a  normal,  and  a  union  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  292. 

Danville,  a  hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  0.,  in  Range  town- 
ship, 10  miles  S.  of  London.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  100. 

Danville,  Meigs  co.,  0.     See  Dansville. 

Danville,  Bucks  co..  Pa.     See  Danbouough. 

Danville,  a  flourishing  post-borough,  capital  of  Mon- 
tour CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  North  Branch  of  the 
Susqvichanna  River,  at  the  base  of  Montour's  Ridge,  and 
on  the  Catavvissa  and  Lackawanna  &  Bloomsburg  Railroads, 
50  miles  W.S.W.  of  Wilkesbarre,  44  miles  (direct)  S.E.  of 
Williamsport,  and  56  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  from  Harris- 
burg.  The  Danville,  Hazleton  <t  Wilkesbarre  Railroad 
passes  along  the  other  bank  of  the  river,  which  is  here 
crossed  by  a  bridge.  Danville  contains  16  churches,  2 
national  banks,  an  asylum  for  the  insane  founded  by  the 
state,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  4  weekly  and  2  daily 
newspapers.  Here  are  also  the  Pennsylvania  Iron-Works 
(the  first  establishment  erected  in  the  United  States  for  the 
manufacture  of  railroad  iron,  and  among  the  most  exten- 
sive in  the  country ),7  blast-furnaces,  4  rolling-mills,  and  5 
iron-foundries.  The  value  of  the  forged  and  rolled  iron 
produced  here  sometimes  amounts  to  $5,000,000  annually. 
Danville  was  first  settled  in  1768.  Pop.  in  1870,  8436;  in 
1880,  8346;  in  1890,  7998. 

Danville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Turner  co.,  S.D.,  18  miles 
(direct)  S.  of  Parker.     Near  it  are  2  churches." 

Danville,  a  post-village  of  Houston  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Tennessee  River,  15  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Erin.  It  has  2 
iron-furnaces  near  it.     Pop.  in  1890,  107. 

Danville,  a  post-office  of  Comal  co.,  Tex. 

Danville,  a  village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Tex.,  about  47 
miles  N.  of  Houston,  and  2  miles  from  Willis. 

Danville,  a  post-village  of  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  in  Dan- 
ville township,  on  the  Portland  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  11 
miles  from  St.  Johnsbury,  and  about  25  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Montpelier.  It  has  2  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  graded 
school,  manufactures  of  bobbins  and  butter-tubs,  and  a 
sulphur  spring.  The  township  contains  hamlets  named 
North  and  West  Danville,  and  has  manufactures  of  woollen 
goods.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1784. 

Danville,  a  flourishing  post-town  of  Pittsylvania  co., 
Va.,  is  situated  on  the  Dan  River,  and  on  the  Richmond 
&  Danville  Railroad,  141  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Richmond,  48 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Greensborough,  N.C.,  and  65  miles  S. 
of  Lynchburg.  It  is  the  S.W.  terminus  of  the  Virginia 
Midland  Railroad,  236  miles  from  AVashington,  D.C.  It 
contains  9  churches,  a  national  bank,  3  other  banks,  the 
Danville  Male  Academy,  the  D.anvillo  Female  College,  the 
Roanoke  Female  College,  and  several  tobacco-factories. 
Two  daily  and  4  weekly  newsp.apers  arc  published  here.  It 
has  a  large  trade  in  tobacco,  which  is  the  staple  product  of 
the  county.  This  town  is  the  centre  of  the  fine  yellow 
tobacco  section ;  and  it  is  stated  that  25.000,000  pounds  of 
leaf  tobacco  are  sometimes  sold  here  in  a  year.  Pop.  in 
1870.  8463;  in  1880.  7526;  in  189(1,  10,305. 

Danville,  a  post- village  of  Dodge  co.,  Wis.,  17  miles 
(direct)  S.W.  of  Juneau.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flouring- 
mill,  and  manufactures  of  sash,  doors,  and  blinds. 

Danville,  a  post-village  in  Richmond  co.,  Quebec,  86 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Quebec,  and  87  miles  N.E.  of  Mon- 
treal. It  contains  2  hotels,  4  churches,  5  or  6  stores,  a 
printing-office,  a  match-factory,  a  foundry,  a  carriage-fac- 
tory, a  cabinet-factory,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  621. 

Danville  Junction,  Kentucky.    See  Shelbv  Citt. 

Danville  Junction,  Maine.    See  Danvm.i.e. 

Dan'way,  a  post-hamlet  of  La  Salle  co.,  111.,  in  Mis- 
sion township,  about  30  miles  S.S.W.  of  Aurora. 

Danzig,  a  city  of  Prussia.     See  Dantzic. 

Daodapoora,  a  state  of  India.    See  Bhawlpoor. 

Daoodnuggur,  Daondnagnr,  or  Dnudnagar, 
ift-ood-niig'gur,  a  town  of  Bengal,  district  and  40  miles 
N.E.  of  Gaya,  on  the  river  Sone.  It  ha*  manufactures  of 
cottons,  carpets,  and  woollen  goods.     Pop.  10,058. 


Daooria,  Daonria,  or  Dauria,  d&-oo're-&,  a  coun- 
try of  Asia,  forming  the  circle  of  Nerchinsk  in  the  Russian 
province  of  Transbaikalia.  The  people  called  Daoorians 
have  been  driven  into  Chinese  Manchooria,  and  the  present 
inhabitants  are  Toongooses,  Booriats,  and  some  Russians. 

Daoorian  (or  Daourian)  Mountains,  a  part  of  the 
Stanovoi  chain,  between  the  basin  of  the  Amoor  and  Lake 
Baikal.  They  are  rich  in  silver,  zinc,  copper,  iron,  and 
mercury. 

Daoudcanndy,  or  Daudkandi,  da,-ood-kawn'dee, 
a  town  of  Bengal,  in  Tiperah,  on  the  Brahmapootra,  30 
miles  W.  of  Comilla. 

Daoudnagur,  a  town  of  India.    See  DAooDNtJCGUR. 

Daoulas,  di^ooMA,',  a  village  of  France,  in  Finistcre, 
10  miles  E.  of  Brest,  with  a  port  on  the  Atlantic.     Pop.  743. 

Daouria,  a  country  of  Asia.     See  Daooria. 

Daphne,  an  ancient  city  of  Syria.    See  Beit-el-Ma. 

Daph'ne,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Baldwin  co.,  Ala., 
is  Situated  on  a  high  bluff  on  the  E.  shore  of  Mobile  Bay,  7 
miles  by  water  E.  of  the  city  of  Mobile.  It  has  a  court- 
house, a  church,  and  a  large  hotel.  It  is  a  bathing-place, 
and  a  winter  resort  for  consumptive  invalids. 

Dapoolee,  or  Dapuli.    See  Dabcl. 

Dara,  di'ri,  a  ruined  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  20  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Mardeen,  with  extensive  remains  of  granaries, 
tombs,  and  reservoirs. 

Dara,  di'ri,  a  village  of  Africa,  in  the  Bondoo  country, 
12  miles  W.  of  the  Falemg.  Lat.  14°  40'  N.;  Ion.  12°  16' 
W.  It  is  a  populous  place,  built  on  a  plateau  commanding 
a  view  over  an  undulating  and  well-wooded  country. 

Darab,  di'rib,  Darabgherd,  d4-rib-gh?rd',  Da- 
rabscherd,  or  Darabjerd,  d&-rib-j?rd',  a  town  of 
Persia,  in  Fars,  130  miles  S.E.  of  Shceraz.  It  is  pleasantly 
situated  on  a  small  river  in  an  extensive  plain,  and  sur- 
rounded with  groves  of  dates,  oranges,  and  lemons.  About 
3  miles  S.  of  the  town  are  some  remarkable  remnants  of 
antiquity,  consisting  of  excavations  and  sculptured  rocks. 
Pop.  from  15,000  to  20,000. 

Daragunge,  or  Daraganj,  diV&-giinj',  a  town  of 
India,  on  the  Ganges,  opposite  Allahabad.     Pop.  9103. 

Darajee',  a  town  of  Sinde,  in  the  delta  of  the  Indus, 
39  miles  S.S.W.  of  Tatta.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Dar-al-Beida,  dlr-il-bi'dS,  (the  "  white  house"),  also 
written  Dar-el-Beda  (-Beidah  or  -Baida),  Dara- 
el-Beida,  and  Casa  Blanca,  kS,'s&  blJlnk'S.,  a  seaport 
town  of  Morocco,  46  miles  N.E.  of  Azamor.  It  exports  hides, 
wool,  and  grain.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Daranagur,  dS,-ri-nug'giir,  a  town  of  British  India, 
North-West  Provinces,  on  the  Ganges,  67  miles  N.E.  of 
Delhi. 

Darang,  a  district  of  India.     See  Durrung. 

Daraporam,  dar*r5.-po-r5.m',  a  populous  town  of 
British  India,  presidency  of  Madras,  district  and  42  miles 
S.E.  of  Coimbatoor. 

Darbhanga,  a  town  of  India.    See  Durbungah. 

D'Arbonne  Bayou,  dar'bonn'  bi'oo,  Louisiana,  is 
formed  by  the  Middle  Fork,  South  Fork,  and  Corneille 
Creek,  which  unite  in  Union  parish.  It  runs  southeast- 
ward, and  enters  the  Ouachita  River  about  6  miles  above 
Monroe.  The  Middle  and  South  Forks  rise  in  Claiborne 
parish.  Corneille  or  Comey  Creek  rises  in  the  state  of 
Arkansas  and  runs  southeastward.  Small  steamboats  can 
ascfind  the  bayou  nearly  50  miles. 

Dar'boy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calumet  co.,  Wis.,  about  3 
miles  N.E.  of  Lake  Park. 

Dar'by,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C.,  9  miles  W. 
by  S.  of  Wilkesborough. 

Darby,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  0.  Pop.  988.  It 
Includes  the  village  or  Pleasant  Valley. 

Darby,  a  township  of  Pickaway  co.,  0.  Pop.  1548.  It 
includes  the  village  of  Palestine. 

Darby,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  0.,  is  contiguous  to 
Darby,  Madison  co.,  0.     Pop.  1142. 

Darby,  a  post-borough  of  Delaware  co..  Pa.,  on  Darby 
Creek,  and  on  the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  4  Baltimore 
Railroad,  7  miles  S.AV.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  woollen-factory,  and  several  mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  2972. 

Darby  Creek,  Ohio,  drains  parts  of  Union,  Madison, 
and  Franklin  cos.,  runs  southeastward,  and  enters  the  Scioto 
River  in  Pickaway  co.,  about  1  mile  above  Circlevillo.  It 
is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Darby  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  runs  southeastward,  !n 
Delaware  co.,  forms  part  of  the  boundary  of  Philadelphia, 
and  enters  the  Delaware  River  about  3  miles  above  Chester. 

Darbyviile,  a  post-village  of  Pickaway  co.,  0.,  on 
Darby  Creek,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Circleville,  and  about  21 
miles  S.  by  W.  fi-om  Columbus.    It  has  a  church.    Pop,  23J{ 


DAR 


1004 


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Darda,  or  Darda-Nntr,  d»n'd5h>-n8.lj',  »  town  of 
Baagftry,  oc  of  Bar»ny«,  in  »  plain,  8  milos  by  rail  N.  of 
Mamk,     Pup.  2363.  ,    ,     , 

■  Dardaaelle,  d»r'd%-D«ir,  a  poit-rilUge.  capita)  of 
Yell  CO.,  Ark.,  on  the  Arkantas  Rirer,  6  nille»  by  niil  S.  of 
BsMcllvilK  and  17  mile*  N.N.E.  of  Danvillo.  It  hi»8  7 
•hnrchM,  2  baoka,  a  newspaper  office,  a  diatillery,  flour- 
■aila.  planing-milla,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890.  1456. 

Dardancllcii,  darNlij  nflli',  or  Ilel'lespont  (anc. 
HttlnpoH'tuM),  cftllo.1  alao  tl>«  Strait  of  Gallip'oli,  a 
narrow  atmit  between  Europe  nnd  A.tiiitio  Turkey,  con- 
nectiu;;  the  Se;\  of  Miirinoru  and  the  jEgoan  Sea,  is  situ- 
ated between  Int.  40°  and  40°  .10'  N.  and  Ion.  26°  10'  and 
26°  40'  E.,  hnving  S.K.  Asia  Minor,  and  N.W.  the  pcnin- 
aula  of  Uiilli|>oli.  Len'jth,  from  N.E.  to  S.W.,  40  miles; 
breailth,  from  1  to  4  inilos.  The  Asiatic  side  presents  most 
boautiful  acenory,  and  rises  grailually  from  the  son  up- 
wanls  to  the  range  of  Mount  Ida.  The  European  side  is, 
in  general,  steep  and  rugged.  Various  inlets  form  secure 
harbors  for  vessels  of  every  size,  and  on  both  shores  there 
are  numerous  forts  and  batteries.  The  modern  name  of  this 
strait  is  derived  from  the  castles  called  the  Dardanelles,  on 
its  banks  at  the  S.W.  entrance ;  its  ancient  name,  llolles- 
pont  {i.e.,  "Sea  of  Ilelle"),  from  llolle,  daughter  of  Atha- 
mas,  King  of  Thebes,  who  was  drowned  in  it.  It  is  also 
memorable  as  the  scene  of  the  death  of  Lcander,  who  used 
to  swim  across  at  Abydos,  the  narrowest  part  of  the  strait, 
a  feat  also  achieved  by  Lord  Byron.  The  invading  armies 
•f  Xerxes  and  of  the  Turks  crossed  it  to  enter  Euro))c. 

Dar'den,  a  post-village  of  Henderson  co.,  Tenn.,  11 
miles  by  rail  B.  by  S.  of  Lexington.  It  has  a  church,  a 
saw-  and  planing-mill,  and  nn  academy.     Pop.  about  200. 

Dardenne,  dar-den',  a  post-township  of  St.  Charles  oo., 
Mo.,  about  30  miles  W.  by  N.  of  St.  Louis.     Pop.  4214. 

Dardcnne  Creek^  Alissouri,  intersects  St.  Charles  co., 
runs  nearly  northeastward,  and  enters  the  Mississippi  River 
about  6  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Charles. 

Dardesheim,  dan'd^s-hime^  a  town  of  Prussian  Sax- 
ony, circle  and  11  miles  N.W.  of  Ilalberstadt.     Pop.  1363. 

Dardistan,  a  country  of  Asia.    See  Gilghit. 

Dare,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Sorth  Carolina 
(area,  ;^00  square  miles),  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Albemarle 
Sound,  on  the  E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  nnd  on  the  W.  by 
Alligator  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level;  the  soil  is 
sandy.  Capital,  Manteo,  situated  on  Roanoke  Island,  which 
forms  part  of  this  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  2778;  in  1880, 
324.'?;  in  1890,  3768. 

Dar-el-Beida.    See  Dah-al-Beida. 

Darent)  di'rent,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  rises 
5  miles  W.  of  Sevenoaks,  and  falls  into  the  Thames. 

Dar-es-Salaam,  dar-fis-si-llm',  a  seaport  of  Afiica, 
23  miles  S.  of  Zanzibar,  with  a  good  harbor. 

Daretown,  dair'tdwn,  a  post-village  of  Salem  co.,  N.J., 
12  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Salem.  It  has  2  churches,  2  canning- 
factories,  a  machine-shop,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  250. 

Dar  Fcrtit,  a  country  of  Africa.    See  Fertit. 

Dar'/icid,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West 
Riding,  20  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Leeds.     Pop.  1673. 

Darfo,  daR'fo,  a  village  of  Italy,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Ber- 
gamo, on  the  Oglio.     Pop.  2072. 

Darfoor,  Uarfour,  Darfur,  dar'fooit',  or  Dar-el- 
Foor  (i.e.,  "Country  of  the  Foor"  or  Foorians),  a  country 
of  Africa,  in  East  Soodan,  annexed  to  the  Egyptian  do- 
mains in  187;5.  It  is  a  great  oa<;is  of  the  Sahara,  between 
lat.  10°  and  16°  N.  and  Ion.  26°  and  29°  E.  Area,  450,000 
square  miles.  It  lies  W.  of  Kordofan,  from  which  it  is  sep- 
arated by  a  strip  of  country  inhabited  by  wandering  Arab 
tribes  rich  in  cattle  and  horses.  Darfoor  is  said  to  be  50 
days'  journey  in  length  from  N.  to  S.,  and  about  15  days' 
journey  from  E.  to  W. ;  and  it  is  traversed  longitudinally 
by  a  ridge  of  mountains  named  Marrah.  The  heat  in  Dar- 
foor is  excessive,  and  there  are,  properly  speaking,  only 
three  seasons  in  the  year, — spring,  summer,  and  autumn. 
Autumn  is  the  season  of  the  rains,  which  continue  75  days. 
During  summer  the  mirage  prevails  on  the  plains. 

The  crops  chiefly  cultivated  are  millet,  rice,  maize,  scsa- 
inum  (for  its  seed,  not  for  its  oil),  and  legumes.  Among  the 
fruit  trees  are  the  tamarind  and  date.  Tobacco  abounds, 
and  is  much  used  by  the  natives. 

The  inhabitants  are  a  mixture  of  Arabs  and  negroes, 
though  many  individuals  of  both  races  still  retain  their 
peculi.ar  physical  characteristics.  Education  is  little  at- 
tended to,  and  is  confined  to  learning  to  read  the  Koran, 
and  that  by  the  male  children  only.  The  religion  is  Mo- 
hammedanism. As  a  result  of  its  position,  the  commerce 
of  Darfoor  is  all  inland  ;  but  this  is  very  considerable.  Its 
principal  intercourse  is  with  Egypt,  carried  on  by  caravans 


which  traverse  the  deaert,  carrying  away  slaves,  camels, 
ivory,  horns  of  the  rhinoceros,  teeth  of  the  hip]>o)iotauius, 
copper,  drugs,  ostrich  feathers,  gum,  tamarinds,  ami  leather 
sacks  for  water.  There  is  also  considerable  triuie  with  Meuoa, 
The  commerce  is  conducted  wholly  by  barter.  Cattle  c<in- 
ttitute  the  chief  wealth  of  the  country.    Cn)>ital,  El  Fnsber. 

The  country  was  for  400  years  ruled  by  a  line  of  absolute 
sovereigns,  the  last  of  whom  was  defeated  nnd  slain  by  the 
Egyjitian  army  of  conquest  in  1874.  The  populatirm  is 
estimated  at  4,000,000,  mostly  speaking  a  diuleot  of  tht 
Arabic. Adj.  and  iuhab.  Fooiiian  or  FuniAN,  foo're-nn. 

Dargiiiif  dait'goon,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Mccklon- 
burg-Schwerin,  27  miles  E.N.E.  of  QUstrow.     Pop.  2108. 

Dariabad,  d&-ro-&-b&d',  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Barh 
Banki  district  in  Oude.     Pop.  5999. 

Dariel,  d4-re-fil'  (anc.  Pi/'l"  Ca»'pimt  the  "Caspiiin 
Gates"),  a  Uussian  fortress,  in  a  narrow  defile  of  the  Cau- 
casus, on  the  Terek,  80  miles  N.  of  Tiflis. 

Daricn,  dA're-^n  (Sp.  pron.  d&-re-£n'),a  former  prov- 
ince in  the  N.W.  part  of  the  United  States  of  Colombia, 
bordering  on  the  Gulf  of  Darien. 

Daricn,  di're-^n,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co..  Conn., 
on  Long  Island  Sound,  in  Darien  township,  and  on  the  New 
York,  New  Haven  <t  Hartford  Railroad,  39  miles  N.E.  of 
New  York,  nnd  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bridgeport.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  town  hall,  a  library,  and  the  Darien  Seminary 
for  (Jirls,  and  is  an  attractive  place  of  summer  residence. 

Darien,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Mcintosh  oo.,  (Ja.,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Altaraana  River,  11  miles  from  the 
ocean,  and  about  62  miles  S.S.W.  of  Savannah.  It  has  6 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  nn  extensive  trade  in 
lumber.     Pop.  in  1880,  1543;  in  1890,  1491. 

Darien,  a  post-oflice  of  Dent  co.,  Mo. 

Darien,  a  post-village  of  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Darien 
township,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  25  miles  E.  of  Buffalo.  It 
has  a  church  and  about  50  houses.    Pop.  of  township,  1964. 

Darien,  a  post-village  of  Walworth  co..  Wis.,  in  Darien 
township,  on  the  Western  Union  Railroad,  19  miles  N.E.  of 
Beloit.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  graded  school.  Pop.  in 
1890,  354;  of  the  township,  1218. 

Darien  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Genesee  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Darien  township,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  about  i  mile 
from  Darien  Station,  and  about  13  miles  S.W.  of  Batavia. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Darien  City,  a  hamlet  of  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Darien 
township,  1  mile  from  Griswold  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Darien,  Gulf  of.    See  Gulf  op  Dauiev. 

Darien,  Isthmus  of.    See  Isthmi  s  op  Panama. 

Darien  (or  Doboy)  Light,  on  the  S.  point  of  Supelo 
Island,  E.  of  Mcintosh  co.,  Ga.,  is  74  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  sea,  and  revolves  once  in  five  minutes.  Lat.  31°  33' 
N.;  Ion.  81°  15'  W. 

Dariorigum,  an  ancient  name  of  Vannes. 

Darjeeling,  Darjiling,dar-jeoring,  or  Dorjiling, 
dSr-jeel'ing,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  Darjeeling  district. 
Lat.  27°  2'  48"  N. ;  Ion.  88°  18'  36"  E.  It  is  in  the  Lower 
Himalaya,  and,  from  its  cool  climate,  is  a  favorite  summer 
resort.  It  is  connected  by  railway  with  Calcutta.  Perma- 
nent pop.  in  1872,3157;  of  the  whole  municipality,  22,707. 

Daijecling,  a  district  of  Bengal,  bounded  W.  by 
Nepaul,  and  N.  by  Sikkim.  Lat.  26°  30'  50"-27°  13'  5" 
N. ;  Ion.  88°  2'  45"-88°  56'  35"  E.  Are.a,  1234  square 
miles.  Its  N.  portion  is  traversed  by  the  Lower  Himalayas, 
but  the  S.  is  a  hot  and  sickly  plain.  Grain,  cotton,  india- 
rubber,  and  tea  are  leading  products.  Capital,  Darjeeling. 
Pop.  94,712. 

DarkQ,  dark,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Ohio,  bordet 
ing  on  Indiana,  has  an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It 
is  drained  by  the  East  Branch  of  the  Whitewater  River, 
and  by  Greenville  and  Stillwater  Creeks,  which  rise  in  it. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Forests  of 
the  white  ash,  beech,  buckeye,  elm,  hickory,  white  oak, 
sugar-maple,  and  other  trees  cover  about  one-third  of  its 
area.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  butter,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  Good  Niagara  liuiestone 
(Upper  Silurian)  underlies  a  large  part  of  the  surface.) 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Cincinnati,  Jackson  <fc 
Mackinaw  Railroad,  the  Dayton  <Jc  Union  Railroad,  the 
Pittsburg,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  it,  St.  Louis  Railroad,  the 
Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &,  St.  Louis  Railroad,  and 
the  Dayton,  Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago  Railroad.  Capital, 
Greenville.  Pop.  in  1870,  32,278;  in  1880,  40,496;  in 
1890,  42,961. 

Darke,  a  post-hamlet  of  Darke  co.,  0.,  6  miles  W.  of 
Greenville.     It  has  a  church. 

Darkebmen,  daR-ki'm^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  15  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Gumbinnen,  on  the  Angerap.     Pop.  2260. 


DAR 


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DAR 


Darke^ville,  darks'vTl,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berkeley  co., 
W.  Va.,  10  miles  S.S.W,  of  Martinsburg.    It  has  2  churches. 

Dark'cy  Springs,  a  post-office  of  White  co.,  Tenn.,  5 
miles  W.  of  Sparta. 

Darkhan,  dan' Kin',  a  lofty  granite  mountain -range  in 
Mongolia,  140  miles  S.E.  of  Oorga,  near  the  route  thence 
to  Peking.  On  it  is  a  monument  to  which  the  Mongols 
repair  annually  to  celebrate  the  memory  of  Jenghis  Khan. 

Darking,  a  town  of  England.     See  Dorking. 

Dark's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Maury  co.,  Tenn.,  and  a 
station  on  the  Nashville  &  Decatur  Kailroad,  about  8  miles 
N.E.  of  Columbia. 

Darks'ville,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  Mo. 

Dar'laston,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Stafford,  IJ 
miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Wednesbury.  The  principal  man- 
ufacture is  that  of  iron,  which  is  made  here  of  all  descrip- 
tions and  of  excellent  quality.  Articles  of  iron  are  also 
manufactured  to  a  great  extent.  Coal-  and  iron-mines  are 
extensively  worked.     Pop.  14,416. 

Dar'lev,  a  town  of  England,  in  Derbyshire,  3  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Matlock.     Pop.  1557. 

DarMing,  CaPewat'ta,  or  CalMawat'ta,  a  n.avi- 
gable  river  of  Australia,  one  of  the  longest  tributaries  of  the 
Murray.  Total  length,  1160  miles.  It  rises  in  the  N.E. 
part  of  New  South  Wales,  and  flows  inland  in  a  generally 
S.W.  course,  dividing  Queensland  from  New  South  Wales 
for  many  miles.  In  its  upper  course  it  is  called  Barwan 
River.  Its  chief  affluents  are  the  Macquarie,  Namoi  or  Peel, 
Began,  Gwydir,  Castloreagh,  Macintyre,  and  Warrego. 

Dar'liug,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  11  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  West  Chester,  and  5  miles  (direct)  W.  of 
Media.  It  has  several  creameries.  The  name  of  its  sta- 
tion is  Darlington. 

Darling,  a  hamlet  of  Maverick  co.,  Tex.,  22  miles  by 
rail  N.  by  B.  of  Eagle  Pass. 

Dar'ling  Downs,  a  grassy  hill-chain  of  Australia, 
N.E.  of  the  source  of  Darling  River.  Lat.  28°  S.;  Ion.  152° 
E.     Elevation,  2000  feet. 

Dar'ling  Range,  a  series  of  granite  mountains  of 
I  Western  Australia,  parallel  with  the  coast,  and  abounding 
I         with  sandal-wood  and  largS  timber.     Length,  250  miles. 

Dar'ling's  Lake,  or  Short  Beach,  a  post-village 
i^H^in  Yarmouth  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  a  small  lake,  10  miles 
^^Htlrom  Yarmouth.     Pop.  100. 

^^B  Dar'Iington,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  18^  miles  S. 
^^^bf  Durham,  at  a  railway  junction,  45  miles  N.  of  York.  It 
^^Hlkas  a  bridge  across  the  Skerne  (an  affluent  of  the  Tees),  a 
'  ^^"fino  church  of  the  twelfth  century,  a  new  church,  a  gram- 
mar-school founded  by  Queen  Elizabeth,  a  blue-coat  school, 
a  union  workhouse,  formerly  an  episcopal  palace,  a  town  hall, 
mechanics'  institution,  manufactures  of  worsted  and  linen 
yarn,  and  metal-foundries.  Here  are  extensive  iron-works 
and  machine-shops.  Darlington  has  a  large  number  of 
members  of  the  Society  of  Friends.     Pop.  27,750. 

Dar'Iington,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  South  Caro- 
lina, has  an  area  of  about  700  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.E.  by  the  Great  Pedee  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by 
Lynch's  Creek,  and  is  also  drained  by  Black  Creek.  The 
surface  is  diversified  with  low  hills  or  undulations,  and  is 
mostly  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  The 
soil  is  partly  sandy,  and  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  sweet 
potatoes,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products,  the  annual  yield 
of  cotton  being  at  times  about  35,000  bales, — more  than 
that  of  any  other  county  in  the  state.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Cheraw  &  Darlington  Railroad,  and  the  Charleston, 
Sumter  &  Northern  Railroad,  both  of  which  pass  through 
Darlington  Court-House,  the  capital  of  the  county.  It  is 
also  traversed  by  the  Ilartsville  Railroad.  Pop.  in  1870, 
26,243;  in  1880,  34,485,-  in  1890,  29,134. 

Darlington,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Ala.,  62 
miles  by  rail  N.N.AV.  of  Jasper,  and  24  miles  by  rail  S.  of 
Sheffield. 

Darlington,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ind., 
on  Sugar  Creek,  8  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Crawfordsville.  It 
has  6  churches,  a  high  school,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  2 
flour-mills,  2  saw-mills,  and  a  shingle-factory.     Pop.  461. 

Darlington,  a  post-village  of  St.  Helena  parish,  La., 
12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Clinton.     It  has  a  church. 

Darlington,  a  post-village  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  about 
36  miles  N.E.  of  Baltimore,  and  on  Deer  Creek,  2  miles 
S.W.  of  the  Susquehanna  River.  It  contains  5  churches 
and  the  Darlington  Academy.     Pop.  in  1890,  239. 

Darlington,  a  post-village  of  Richland  co.,  0.,  in 
Perry  township,  14  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Mansfield.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  saw-mill. 

Darlington,  a  post-village  of  Darlington  township, 
Beaver  co..  Pa.,  on  Little  Beaver  River,  and  on  a  branch 


railroad  extending  from  New  Galilee  to  Cannelton,  10  miles 
N.W.  of  New  Brighton,  and  37  miles  N.W.  of  Pittsburg. 
It  has  several  churches  and  2  carriage-shops.  Here  cannel 
coal  is  obtained  largely.     Pop.  280  :  of  the  township,  1811. 

Darlington,  a  station  in  Delaware  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
West  Chester  &  Philadelphia  Railroad,  IS  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Philadelphia. 

Darlington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lafayette  co., 
Wis.,  on  the  Pecatonica  River,  about  60  miles  S.W.  of 
Madison,  and  32  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Monroe.  It  has  a 
court-house,  2  banks,  4  churches,  and  a  graded  school.  Two 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop.  about  300 ; 
of  the  township,  1137. 

Dar'Iington,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co.,  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  12  miles  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  200. 

Darlington  Court-House,  a  post-village,  capital 
of  Darlington  co.,  S.C,  10  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Flor- 
ence, and  38  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Sumter  Court- 
House.  It  has  a  court-house,  an  academy,  3  churches,  2 
banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  planing-mill,  and  manufac- 
tures of- cotton  goods,  phosphate,  bricks,  &c.     Pop.  2389. 

Darlington  Heights,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prince  Edward 
CO.,  Va.,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Farmville. 

Darmstadt,  daum'stitt,  a  town  of  AVestern  Germany, 
capital  of  the  grand  duchy  of  Hesse  and  of  the  province 
of  Starkenburg,  at  the  N.W.  extremity  of  the  Odenwald, 
on  the  little  river  Darm,  15  miles  S.  of  Frankfort,  at  the 
junction  of  several  railw.ays.  It  consists  of  an  old  and  a 
new  town,  both  enclosed  by  walls.  The  former  is  ill  built; 
the  latter  has  broad  and  handsome  streets.  It  has  old  and 
new  ducal  palaces,  the  former  of  which  contains  a  picture- 
gallery,  a  museum  of  natural  history,  with  valuable  fossils, 
and  of  ancient  and  modern  sculpture,  a  hall  of  antiquities, 
collections  of  cork  models,  an  armory,  and  a  grand-ducal 
library  of  500,000  volumes  and  another  of  60,000.  Other 
edifices  are  the  palaces  of  the  princes,  the  opera-house, 
in  the  Italian  style,  artillery  depot,  several  churches  (one 
of  which  contains  the  tombs  of  the  Landgraves),  the  Casino, 
hall  of  the  commons,  military  hospital,  royal  stables,  orphan 
asylum,  ducal  chapel,  synagogue,  &c.  It  has  an  agricul- 
tural normal  school,  a  gymn.asium,  and  schools  of  arts  and 
sciences,  artillery,  sculpture,  and  drawing.  The  presence 
and  expenditure  of  the  court  form  the  chief  source  of  sub- 
sistence to  the  inhabitants.  Manufactures  of  tobacco,  wax 
candles,  carpets,  silver  articles,  paper,  cards,  starch,  Ac,  are 
carried  on.     Pop.  (including  Bcssungen)  in  1890,  56,503. 

Darm'stadt,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Clair  co..  111.,  about 
20  miles  S.E.  of  Belleville. 

Darnac,  dan^nik',  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute- Vienne, 
8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bellac.     Pop.  1395. 

Dar'neli's  Gin,  a  post-office  of  Sabine  parish.  La. 

Darnestown,  darnz'tSwn,  a  post-village  of  Mont- 
gomery CO.,  Md.,  about  22  miles  N.W.  of  AVashington,  D.C. 
It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Darnetal,  daii^n^h-til',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seino- 
Inferieure,  2  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Rouen.  It  has  cotton- 
spinning  or  calico-printing  works,  and  manufactures  of 
woollen  cloths,  blankets,  and  flannels.     Pop.  6636. 

Darney,  dan^nd',  a  village  of  France,  in  Vosgcs,  18 
miles  S.E.  of  Mirecourt.     Pop.  1768. 

Dar'nick,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Roxburgh,  1  mile 
AV.  by  N.  of  Melrose.  It  contains  a  tower  built  during  the 
fifteenth  century. 

Darnis,  an  ancient  name  of  Derne. 

Darnley  (dam'lee)  Island,  in  Torres  Strait,  Aus- 
tralasia, is  about  100  miles  N.E.  of  Cape  York. 

Daroca,  di-ro'ki,  a  town  of  Spain,  on  the  Jiloca, 
province  and  48  miles  S.AV.  of  Saragossa.     Pop.  2857. 

Darrang,  a  district  of  India.    See  Durrung. 

Darr'town,  a  post-village  of  Butler  co.,  0.,  in  Miiford 
township,  7  or  8  miles  N.AA'^.  of  Hamilton,  and  3  miles  from 
Collinsville  Station.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  258. 

Dart,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Devon,  rises  in  Dart- 
moor, flows  S.E.,  and  joins  the  English  Channel  by  an  estuary 
which  forms  the  harbor  of  Dartmouth.     Length,  36  miles. 

Dart,  a  post-office  of  McLean  co.,  111. 

Dart'ford,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  on  the 
Darent,  16  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  London.  The  town, 
situated  in  a  narrow  valley,  has  a  large  church,  a  grammar- 
school,  a  church  charity-school,  an  almshouse  founded  in 
the  reign  of  Henry  A"^!.,  a  bridewell,  a  union  workhouse,  a 
market-house,  a  branch  bank,  largo  gunpowder-,  paper-,  oil-, 
and  flour-mills,  jewelry- works,  an  extensive  steam-engine 
factory,  and  considerable  trade  with  London.  Pop.  of 
parish,  8298. 

Dart'ford,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Green  Lake  eo., 
Wis.,  in  Brooklyn  township,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Green  Lak% 


DAR 


1006 


DAU 


1  BiU  from  GrMB  L»k*  SUtion.  9  milw  S.  of  Berlin,  and 
26  wilM  W.  of  Fond  da  Lm.  It  bM  2  ohurohw,  a  flonr- 
mill.  and  Mvoral  hotalt.  Ur«en  Lake  U  a  tumiD«r  resort, 
it  about  15  milM  long,  Tory  de«p,  and  U  aurrounded  bj 
»Uraetlr«  Menarjr.    Pop.  In  1890,  204. 

Dartford*  a  po»t-vlllag«  in  Northumberland  oo.,  On- 
tario. 18  mile*  N.  of  Colbome.     Pop.  100. 

Dart'noor«a  Uble-landof  England,  occupying  a  large 
part  of  the  S.  hiUf  of  the  county  of  Dovon,  being  ubtiut  22 
ailM  in  length  by  fmin  0  to  12  miles  in  breadth.  It  com- 
prkw  many  granite  heightx,  termed  iini,  and  has  numerous 
mines.  The  surfitto  is  mostly  heiith  or  woodland.  The 
famous  Dartmoor  Prison  stands  near  Prince  Town,  where 
are  immense  gmnite-works  connected  by  tramway  with  the 
various  )iublio  works  and  port  of  Plymouth.  The  moor  is 
oeld  an>i  sterile. 

Dart'inoor,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  oo.,  Ontario,  32 
miles  N.  of  Woodville.     Pop.  100, 

Dartmouth,  dart'mQtn,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of 
Dovon,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  estuary  of  the  Dart,  opposite 
Kingswear,  and  32  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Exeter.  The 
town  is  picturesquely  built  on  a  steep  acclivity,  forming  a 
succession  of  terraces,  and  its  dockyard  and  quay  project 
into  the  river,  which  hero  resembles  a  lake,  with  finely- 
wooded  banks,  and  is  crossed  by  a  floating  bridge.  The 
Dart  is  defended  at  its  entrance  by  a  cnstle  and  strong 
batteries,  and  is  navigable  to  the  town.  The  principal  ex- 
ports are  barley,  woollen  goods,  and  cider.  The  imports 
are  wine,  oil,  fruits,  salt  from  the  Mediterranean,  and  fish, 
many  of  the  inhabitants  being  engaged  in  the  fisheries.  A 
steam  ferry  plies  to  Kingswear.     Pop.  5338. 

Dart'mouth,  ArHemont',  or  Ouglahy,  ong'gli'- 
hee\  a  river  of  Madagascar,  rises  in  the  mountains  in  the 
central  S.  part  of  the  island,  flows  nearly  due  W.,  and  falls 
into  the  Bay  of  St.  Augustine  under  the  Tropic  of  Capricorn. 
Length,  about  150  miles. 

Dart'mouth,  a  post-township  of  Bristol  co.,  Mass., 
about  2  miles  W.  of  Isew  Bedford,  is  bounded  on  the  S.E. 
by  Buizard's  Bay.  It  has  several  good  harbors,  and  con- 
tains a  village  named  South  Dartmouth.  Dartmouth  Post- 
Oflice  is  about  60  miles  S.  of  Boston.  The  township  is 
traversed  by  the  railroad  from  Fall  River  to  New  Bcdlord. 
It  has  12  churches.     Pop.  in  1880,  3430  :  in  1890,  3122. 

Dartmouth,  a  port  of  Prince  Edward  Island,  in  Prince 
CO..  on  Richmond  Bay,  in  lat.  46°  33'  N.,  Ion.  63°  54'  "W. 

Dartmouth,  a  town  of  Halifax  co..  Nova  Scotia,  at  the 
entrance  of  a  small  river  into  Halifax  harbor,  opposite  Hal- 
ifax. It  contains  several  foundries,  3  tanneries,  the  pro- 
vincial lunatic  asylum,  and  many  fine  private  residences. 
A  ferry  plies  between  Dartmouth  and  Halifax.    Pop.  4358. 

Dartmouth  College.    See  Hanover,  N.II. 

Dartmouth  College  Grant,  a  tract  of  land  in  Coos 
CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Maine  lino.     Pop.  11. 

Dar'ton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West  Riding, 
4  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Barnsley.     Pop.  2582. 

Daruvar,  di'roo-van',  a  town  of  Austro-Hungary,  in 
Shivonia,  28  miles  N.W.  of  Posega.  It  has  sulphur  baths 
and  mat  ble-quarrios.     Pop.  3500. 

Dar'vel,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  15  miles  N.E. 
of  Ayr,  on  the  Irvine  Water.     Pop.  1729. 

Darvernum,  an  ancient  name  of  Canterbury. 

Dar'vill's,  a  post-ofiice  of  Dinwiddle  co.,  Ya.,  25  miles 
S.W.  of  Petersburg. 

Dar'wn,  a  town  of  India,  in  Berar.     Pop.  3054. 

Darwar,  or  Dharwar,  dar'war,  a  district  of  India, 
Bombay  presidency.  Lat.  14°  6'-16°  53'  N.;  Ion.  74°  50'- 
75°  58'  E.  Area,  4536  square  miles.  Cotton  and  wheat 
are  the  staple  products.     Capital,  Darwar.     Pop.  988,037. 

Darwar,  or  Dharwar,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the 
above.     Lat.  15°  28'  N. ;  Ion.  75°  4'  E.     Pop.  35,000. 

Darwen.     See  Lower  Dauwev  and  Over  Dauwen. 

Darwent,  a  river  of  England.     See  Derwent. 

Dar'win,  a  post-ofiice  and  mining  town  of  Inyo  co., 
Cal.,  95  miles  from  Mojave  Railroad  Station.  Altitude,  4950 
feet.     It  has  furnaces  for  silver-ore,  and  a  newspaper  ofiice. 

Darwin,  a  post-village  of  Clark  co..  III.,  in  Darwin 
township,  on  the  Wabash  River,  18  or  20  miles  below  Terre 
Haute,  Ind.,  and  4  miles  from  Darwin  Station,  which  is  on 
the  Paris  k  Danville  Railroad,  22  miles  S.  of  Paris.    It  has 

2  churches,  a  common  school,  and  a  grist-mill.  Pop.  about 
300;  of  the  township,  1103. 

Darwin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.,  about  16 
miles  S.  of  Logansport.     It  has  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Darwin,  a  station  in  Putnam  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  India- 
napolis &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  32  miles  from  Indianapolis. 

Darwin,  a  post-village  of  Meeker  co.,  Minn.,  in  Dar- 
win township,  near  the  Lakes  Stella  and  Washington,  70 


miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  St.  Paul,  and  0  miles  S.  by  £.  of 
Litchfield.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  100. 

Dar'win  Sound,  Terra  del  Fuogo,  is  on  the  S.W.  side 
of  King  Charles's  South  Land.  Darwin  Mountain,  near 
the  coast,  is  oetimated  to  be  6800  feet  in  height. 

Da'rysawS  a  post-oifice  of  Urant  co..  Ark. 

Daschitz,  d&'shits,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  7  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Chrudim,  on  the  Laucna.     P>p.  1884. 

Dash,  a  post-borough  of  Muskegon  co.,  Mich.,  about 
19  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Muskegon.     It  has  a  church. 

Dashkova,  or  Daschkuwa,  d&8h-ko'v&,  a  town  uf 
Russia,  government  and  12  miles  S.  of  Moheelev,  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Dnieper.  Here  the  French  wore  defeated 
by  the  Russians  on  the  lOtb  of  July,  1812. 

Dash'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Esopus 
township,  on  Wallkill  River,  4  miles  E.  of  Rosendale.  It 
has  a  church. 

Dash'wood,  a  post-village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  21 
miles  S.W.  of  Seaforth.     Pop.  100. 

Das  Mortes,  a  river  of  Brazil.     See  Rio  DA8  Murtes. 

Dassau,  d&s'sdw  (written  also  Dassow),  a  market- 
town  of  Northern  Germany,  in  Mecklenburg-Schworin,  20 
miles  W.  of  Wismar,  on  the  Stepenitz.     Pop.  1045. 

Dassel,  d&s's^l,  a  town  of « Prussia,  in  Hanover,  23 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Giittingen.     Pop.  1811. 

Das'sel,  a  post-village  of  Meeker  co.,  Minn.,  in  Dassol 
township,  65  miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  St.  Paul,  and  11 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Litchfield.  It  is  2  miles  E.  of  AVnshington 
Lake,  and  is  surrounded  by  forests  called  the  Big  Woods. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  woollen-mill,  a  roller-mill,  and 
a  manufactory  of  porcelain  stoves.     Pop.  in  1890,  552. 

Das'seu  Island,  of  Cape  Colony,  South  Africa,  is  ia 
the  Atlantic,  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cape  Town, 

Dassook,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Dersook. 

Dassow,  a  town  of  Germany.     See  Dassau. 

Datch'et,  a  parish  of  England,  co,  of  Bucks,  on  the 
Thames,  opposite  AVindsor.  Pop.  990.  Here  are  many 
elegant  mansions,  including  Ditton  Park,  remarkable  for 
its  fine  oaks.  Datchet  Mead  is  famous  forFalstafl's  adven- 
ture in  the  "  Merry  Wives  of  Windsor." 

Date  Island,  a  small  island  on  the  E.  coast  of  Anam, 
in  lat.  13°  30'  N.,  Ion.  108°  W  E, 

Datiya,  a  town  of  India,     See  Ditteah. 

Datnovo,  dit'no'vo,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  govern- 
ment and  70  miles  N.W.  of  Vilna. 

Datschitz,  di'chits  (Moravian,  Daczicze,  di-ehee'chi), 
a  town  of  Moravia,  25  miles  S.  of  Iglau,  on  the  Thaya,  It 
has  a  civstle.     Pop.  2332. 

Dattoli,  ddt-to'lce,  a  cluster  of  rocky  islets  around  the 
island  of  Panaria,  Lipari  group,  in  the  Mediterranean. 

Dauba,  dow'bi,  orDuba,  doo'bi,  a  town  of  Bohemia, 
circle  and  19  miles  N.W.  of  Buntzlau.     Pop.  1758. 

Dtiuchite  Bayou.    See  Dohciieat  Bayou. 

Diiudkandi,  a  town  of  Bengal.     Sec  Daoudcaundy. 

Daudlcb,  dowd'l^b,  or  Daudleby,  dowd'ldb-ee,  a  vil- 
lage of  Bohemia,  near  Koniggrtitz.     Pop.  1300. 

Daudnagar,  a  town  of  Bengal.     See  Daoodkugguiu 

Daufuskie  Island.    See  Dawfuskie  Island, 

Daugherty,  daw'§r-te,  a  township  of  Cerro  Gordo  co., 
Iowa.     Pop.  141. 

Daugherty,  a  station  on  the  Scioto  Valley  Railroad,  in 
Franklin  co.,  0.,  6  miles  S.  of  Columbus. 

Daugi,  dow'ghee,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  in  Vilna, 
26  miles  S.W.  of  Troki.     Pop.  1200. 

Daulutganj,  daw-lat-ganj',  a  town  of  India,  Sarun 
district.     Pop.  3173, 

Daulc,  dow'lA,  a  largo  navigable  river  of  Ecuador,  rises 
near  San  Miguel,  in  lat.  35°  S.,  Ion.  80°  38'  E.,  from  which 
point  it  flows  S.  to  Guayaquil,  where  it  joins  the  Guayas. 

Daule,  a  village  of  Ecuador,  22  miles  N.N,W.  of 
Guayaquil,  on  the  river  Daule. 

Daulia,  a  village  of  Greece.     See  Davlia. 

Daumeray,  do'm^h-ri',  a  village  of  France,  in  Maino- 
et-Loire,  19  miles  N.W.  of  Baug6,     Pop.  1735. 

Daun,  down,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  29  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Treves.     Pop.  763, 

Daung,  dawng,  a  country  of  India,  near  its  W.  coast, 
Lat.  20°  22'-21°  5  N.;  Ion.  73°  28'-73°  52'  E.  Area,  950 
square  miles.  It  is  governed  by  chiefs  feudatory  to  the 
Rajah  of  Daung,  and  has  teak  forests.     Pop.  70,300. 

Dauphin,  daw'fin,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of 
Pennsylvania,  has  an  area  of  about  550  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  and  S.W.  by  the  Susquehanna  River,  and 
is  intersected  by  the  Swatara  River  and  Wiconisco,  Clark's, 
and  Paxton  Creeks.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  the  Kitta- 
tinny  or  Blue  Mountain  and  other  parallel  ridges,  the  direc- 
tion of  which  is  nearly  N.E.  and  S.W.    The  valley  which  liea 


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S.E.  of  the  Blue  Mountain  is  bajsed  on  limestone,  and  is 
very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  butter,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  plenty  of 
timber,  including  the  ash,  beech,  chestnut,  hickory,  white 
oak  and  wild  cherry.  It  has  mines  of  anthracite  coal,  the 
annual  product  of  which  is  about  400,000  tons.  It  Is  in- 
tersected by  4  railroads, — the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  the 
Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railroad,  the  Cumberland  Valley 
Railroad,  and  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  all  of  which 
communicate  with  Ilarrisburg,  the  capital  of  this  county 
and  of  the  state.  Pop.  in  1870,  60,740;  in  1880,  76,148; 
in  1890,  96,977. 

Dauphin,  a  post-borough  of  Dauphin  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Susquehanna  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Stony  Creek,  and  on 
the  Northern  Central  Railroad  at  its  junction  with  the 
Behuylkill  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  8  miles  N.N.AV.  of 
Harrisburg.  It  has  4  churches,  a  car-factory,  a  tannery,  a 
grist-mill,  and  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  739. 

Dauphine,  dO'fee'ni',  called  also,  in  English,  Dau'- 
phiny,  an  extensive  old  province  in  the  S.  E.  of  France, 
BOW  comprised  in  the  departments  of  DrOme,  Ilautes-Alpcs, 
and  Iserc.  After  having  been  governed  for  several  centu- 
ries by  palatine  counts,  who  were  called  dauphins,  it  was 
ceded  to  Philip  of  Valois  in  1349;  and  from  that  time  to 
the  revolution  of  1830  the  eldest  son  of  the  King  of  Franco 
had  the  title  of  Dauphin. 

Dauphine,  do-feen',  a  post-hamlet  of  Osage  co..  Mo., 
on  the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad, 
at  Bonnot's  Mills,  13  miles  E.  of  Jefferson  City.     Pop.  65. 

Dauphin  (daw'fin)  Island,  a  long,  narrow,  sandy 
island  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  W.  of  the  entrance  to  Mobile 
Bay.     It  belongs  to  Mobile  co.,  Ala. 

Dau'ree%  a  village  of  India,  province  of  Malwah,  on 
the  Nerbudda.  Lat.  22°  12'  N. ;  Ion.  76°  23'  E.  Here  the 
navigation  of  the  Nerbudda  is  impeded  by  a  fall. 

Dauria,  a  country  of  Asia.    See  Daoohia. 

Dauss,  daws,  an  island  of  the  Persian  Gulf,  in  a  bay 
of  the  Arabian  coast.     Lat,  25°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  53°  3'  E. 

Davanagere,  d3.-van-a-gheer',  a  town  of  India,  in  My- 
•ore.     Pop.  (5596. 

Dav'enport,  a  post-oflSce  of  White  co.,  Ark. 

Davenport,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  Fla.,  17  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Kissimmee. 

Davenport,  a  flourishing  city  of  Iowa,  and  the  capital 
of  Scott  CO.,  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  M  is- 
sissippi  River,  at  the  foot  of  the  upper  rapids,  about  335 
miles  above  St.  Louis.  It  is  70  miles  (direct)  S.  of  Dubuque, 
and  183  miles  by  railroad  W.  by  S.  of  Chicago.  It  is  the 
S.  terminus  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Rail- 
road, and  is  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  <fc  Pacific  Railroad. 
Other  railroads  terminating  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  river  con- 
nect it  at  the  city  of  Rock  Island  with  the  Eastern  cities. 
It  is  built  partly  on  the  slope  and  top  of  a  bluff,  which  is 
moderately  steep,  and  commands  extensive  and  beautiful 
views  of  the  river  and  Rock  Island.  This  island,  which 
belongs  to  the  United  States  and  is  the  site  of  a  United 
States  arsenal  and  military  headquarters,  is  about  3  miles 
long,  and  is  diversified  with  beautiful  scenery,  and  embel- 
lished with  several  costly  structures  built  by  the  Federal 
government.  A  grand  wrought-iron  bridge,  for  railroad 
trains  and  other  carriages,  has  recently  been  constructed 
from  Davenport  to  this  island,  which  forms  a  beautiful 
public  park.     This  bridge  is  said  to  have  cost  $1,000,000. 

Davenport  contains  a  court-house,  a  city  hall,  a  handsome 
opera-house,  about  28  churches,  3  or  4  national  banks,  a 
high  school,  a  normal  school,  a  convent,  the  Academy  of 
the  Immaculate  Conception,  the  Catholic  Seminary  of  St. 
Charles  Borromeo,  the  Davenport  Library,  Griswold  Col- 
lege (Protestant  Episcopal),  which  was  founded  in  1859,  and 
a  well-endowed  Catholic  hospital,  besides  extensive  manu- 
factures of  farming-implements,  carriages,  woollen  goods, 
furniture,  lumber,  flour,  <fec.  Four  weekly  and  5  daily  news- 
papers (one  of  which  is  German )  are  publ  ish  ed  here.  Large 
quantities  of  grain  are  shipped  here.  Pop.  in  1890,  26,872 ; 
of  Davenport  township,  2303  additional. 

Davenport,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Thayer  co.. 
Neb.,  15  miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Belvidere.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  513. 

Davenport,  a  post-village  of  Davenport   township, 

Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Charlotte   River,  13    miles   N.  of 

Delhi.     It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  &o.     P.  350. 

Davenport,  an  incorporated  post-town  of  Lincoln  co., 

Washington,  57  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Spokane.     It  has  a 

church,  a  bank,  a  brewery,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     P.  396. 

Davenport,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  5  miles 

by  rail  N.  of  Toronto.     Pop.  120. 

Davenport  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co., 


N.Y.,  in  Davenport  township,  on  Charlotte  River,  about  12 
miles  N.  of  Delhi.     It  has  a  church. 

Davenport  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Putnam  oo.,  N.Y., 
3  miles  from  Cold  Spring.     It  has  a  church. 

Daventria,  the  Latin  for  Deventer. 

Dav'entry,  commonly  pronounced  din'tree,  a  town  of 
England,  co.  and  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Northampton.  It 
has  a  church,  a  free  grammar-school,  the  remains  of  a 
priory  founded  in  1090,  a  bank,  and  manufactures  of  shoes 
and  whips.  Here  is  Brough  (or  Dane)  Hill,  a  large  and 
lofty  Roman  encampment.     Pop.  4051. 

Da'vey,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co..  Neb.,  12  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  itc.     Pop.  about  100. 

David,  di-veed',  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Colombia, 
J 15  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Panama,  on  the  river  David.  Lat. 
8°  23'  N. ;  Ion.  82°  27'  W.     Pop.  4825. 

Da'vid  City,  a  po.»t-town,  capital  of  Butler  co.,  Neb., 
43  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  6  churches,  3 
banks,  4  newspaper  offices,  a  high  school,  and  manufactures 
of  washing-machines.     Pop.  in  1890,  2028. 

Da'vid  Clark  Island,  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean, 
Low  Archipelago.  Lat.  1  7°  19'  S. ;  Ion.  138°  30'  W.  It  is 
about  20  miles  in  circumference. 

Da'vidsburg,  a  village  of  Blair  co..  Pa.,  in  Antis 
township,  1  mile  from  Bellwood.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank- 
ing-house, a  steam  tannery,  and  a  chair-factory. 

Davidsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co.,  Pa.,  about  22 
miles  S.  of  Ilarrisburg.     It  has  a  church. 

David's  Island,  in  Long  Island  Sound,  is  in  the 
township  of  New  Rochelle,  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.  In  1867 
it  was  purchased  by  the  United  States  for  $38,500,  and  is 
now  a  military  reservation. 

Da'vidson,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  North 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  and  S.AV.  by  the  Yadkin  River,  and 
also  drained  by  Abbott's  Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and 
extensively  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  partly  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  has  a  mine  of  zinc,  the  product  of  which  some- 
times has  a  value  of  $435,000  per  annum.  Gold  and  silver 
are  found  here  in  quartz  rock.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  which  passes  through  Lex- 
ington, the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  17,414; 
in  1880,  20,333;  in  1890,  21,702. 

Davidson,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee,  has  an  area 
of  about  550  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Cum- 
berland River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  a  large  part 
of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  ash,  hickory,  oak,  beech,  &o. ; 
the  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  pork,  and 
butter  are  the  staple  products.  Good  Silurian  limestone  un- 
derlies this  county.  Specimens  of  alabaster,  blende,  bary  tes, 
celestine,  and  galena  are  found  in  it.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Louisville  &  Nashville  and  Nashville,  Chattanooga  <k 
St.  Louis  Railroads,  which  meet  at  Nashville,  the  capital 
of  the  county  and  of  the  state.  Pop.  in  1870,  62,897 ;  in 
1880,  79,026;  in  1890,  108,174. 

Davidson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nicholas  co.,  Ky.,  10  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Carlisle.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Davidson,  a  post-village  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.C.,  ia 
on  the  Atlantic,  Tennessee  &  Ohio  Railroad,  23  miles  N. 
of  Charlotte.  It  has  a  church.  Here  is  Davidson  College 
(Presbyterian),  which  was  founded  in  1837. 

Davidson,  a  station  in  Fayette  co..  Pa.,  on  the  South- 
western Pennsylvania  Railroad,  1  mile  from  Connellsville. 

Davidson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hampton  co.,  S.C.,  10 
miles  S.  of  Hampton  Court-House,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
It  has  a  general  store. 

Davidson's,  a  township  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C.     P.  1540. 

Davidson's  Creek,  of  Texas,  runs  southeastward 
through  Burleson  co.,  and  enters  the  Yegua  Creek. 

Davidson's  River,  post-office,  Transylvania  co.,  N.C. 

Da'vidsonville,  a  small  post- village  of  Anne  Arundel 
CO.,  Md.,  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Annapolis.   It  has  2  churches. 

Da'vidsville  (Smitten  Post-Olfice),  a  hamlet  of  In- 
diana CO.,  Pa.,  22  miles  N.  of  Indiana.     It  has  a  church. 

Davidsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co.,  Pa.,  8 
miles  S.  of  Johnstown.     It  has  a  church. 

DavidtOAVn,  a  village  of  Ontario.    See  Sharon. 

Davie,  di'vee,  a  county  in  the  AV.  central  part  of  North 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  285  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Yadkin  River,  and  on  the  S.  by 
the  South  Yadkin.  The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly ;  the 
soil  is  partly  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  tobacco 
are  the  staple  products.  The  county  is  traversed  by  the 
Richmond  <!;  Danville  Railroad.  Capital,  Mocksville.  Pop. 
in  1870,  9620;  in  1880,  11,096;  in  1890,  11,621. 


DAT 


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Da'triea* »  poM-hamlat  of  OtUr  Tall  oo.,  Minn.  42 
«ilM  (direct)  N.B.  of  Fergui  F»1U. 

DavietSt  di'Tl*,  •  oonnty  in  the  8.W.  niirt  of  Indiana, 
bM  an  arwi  of  about  430  tauare  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
tb«  8.  by  tbe  East  Fork  of  White  Uivor,  and  on  the  W.  by 
tiM  Watt  Fork  of  the  Mtne  river.  These  streams  unito  at 
the  8.W.  extremity  of  the  county,  which  is  partly  drained 
by  Pr»lrle  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  level,  and 
la  axtensively  eovered  with  forests;  tha  soil  is  fertile.  In- 
dian oom.  wheat,  oats,  hny,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  This 
eountv  has  valuable  bcd.i  of  bituminous  ooal.  It  is  inter- 
Moted'  by  the  Ohio  A  Midsissinpi  and  Evansville  &  Torre 
Haute  Kailroads.  Capital,  Washington.  Pop.  in  1870, 
18,747  ;  in  I8S0,  21.552;  in  1890,  26,227. 

DavicsR,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Kentucky,  has 
ftn  area  of  about  410  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.  by  the  Ohio  Kiver,  and  on  the  W,  by  Green  River.  The 
•Bifaoe  is  nearly  level,  and  about  half  of  it  is  covered  with 
forests ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  tobacco,  wheat, 
oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Louisville,  St.  Louis  &  Texas  Kailrond,  the  Louis- 
ville A  Nashville  Ilailroad,and  the  Owensborough;  Falls  of 
Rough  A  Urecn  River  Railroad.  Beds  of  coal  are  found 
here.  Capital,  Owensborough.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,714;  in 
1880,  27,730;  in  1890,  33,120. 

Daviess,  a  oounty  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Missouri,  bos 
an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Grand 
River,  which  divides  it  into  nearly  equal  parts.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests 
of  hard  timber.  About  half  of  the  oounty  is  prairie.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  wheat,  pork,  and  butter 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  a 
branch  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Railroad,  by 
the  Wabash  Railroad,  and  by  the  Omaha  A  St.  Louis  Rail- 
road, the  two  first  passing  through  Gallatin,  the  capital. 
Pon.  in  1870,  14,410;  in  1880,  19,145;  in  1890,  20,456. 

Davilican,  d&-ve-le-kin',  a  bay  on  the  E.  const  of  the 
island  of  Luzon,  one  of  the  Philippines.     Lat.  16°  40'  N. 

Davil'la,  a  post-village  of  Milam  co.,  Tex.,  about  48 
miles  N.E.  of  Austin,  and  about  18  miles  (direct)  W.  by 
B.  of  Cameron,  the  capital  of  the  county.  It  has  3  churches, 
the  Davilla  Institute,  and  several  stores  and  general  busi- 
ness houses.     Pop.  in  1890,  241. 

Da'vis,  a  southern  county'  of  Iowa,  bordering  on  Mis- 
souri, has  an  area  of  480  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  North  Fabius,  Fox,  and  Des  Moines  Rivers,  the  last 
of  which  touches  its  N.E.  extremity.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating, and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  forests.  The 
■oil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  pork, 
and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  a  branch  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  <fe  Pacific 
Railroad,  by  the  Chicago,  Burlington  A  Kansas  City  Rail- 
road, and  by  the  Wabash  Railroad,  the  two  latter  commu- 
nicating with  Bloomfield,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 15,565 ; 
in  1880,  16,468;  in  1890,  15,258. 

Davis,  formerly  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of 
Kansas.     See  Geauy. 

Davis,  a  oounty  in  the  N.  part  of  Utah,  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  Great  Salt  Lake,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Weber 
River,  The  soil  is  fertile  when  irrigated.  Wheat,  barley, 
Indian  corn,  Ac,  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
intersected  from  N.  to  S.  by  the  Rio  Grand  West  and 
Union  Pacific  Railroads,  l>oth  of  which  pass  through  Farm- 
ington,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  4469 ;  in  1880,  5279 ;  in 
1890.  6751. 

Davis,  a  post-ofiSce  of  Johnson  co..  Ark. 

Davis,  Yolo  CO.,  Cal.     See  Davisville. 

Davis,  a  hamlet  of  La  Fayette  co.,  Fla.,  4  miles  S.E.  of 
New  Troy.     Mail,  New  Troy. 

Davis,  a  station  in  Worth  co.,  6a.,  on  the  Brunswick  A 
Albany  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of  Albany. 

Davis,  a  post-village  of  Stephenson  co..  111.,  in  Rock 
Run  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Rail- 
road, 14  miles  N.E.  of  Freeport,  and  about  20  miles  (direct) 
N.W.  of  Rockford.  It  has  3  churches,  a  union  school,  a 
flom'-mill,  and  several  stores  and  general  business  houses. 
Pop.  in  1880,  639;  in  1«90,  455. 

Davis,  a  township  of  Fountain  co.,  Ind.,  bounded  N. 
by  the  river  Wabash.     Pop.  667. 

Davis,  a  township  of  Starke  co.,  Ind.,  bounded  N.W. 
by  the  Kankakee  River  and  English  Lake.  Pop.  in  1890, 
430.  It  contains  Hamlet.  Davis  Station  is  on  the  Pitts- 
burg, Fort  Wayne  A  Cliicngo  division  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Plymouth,  and  the  same 
distance  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Valparaiso. 

Davis,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Ky.,  11  miles  (direct) 
N.  by  E.  of  Georgetown. 


Davis,  a  station  on  the  New  Orleans  A  Texas  Railroad, 
18  miles  W.  of  New  Orleans,  La. 

Davis,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  oo.,  Mass.,  14  miles 
(direct)  W.N.W.  of  Greenfield.  It  has  a  church,  an  acad- 
emy, and  mines  of  sulphur  ore.     Pop.  about  300. 

Davis,  a  post-village  of  Macomb  co.,  Mich.,  7  uiloi 
S.E.  of  Romeo.  It  has  a  ohuroh,  manufactures  of  lumber 
and  cider,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  about  250, 

Davis,  a  station  on  the  Dover  A  Winnipisougee  Rail* 
road,  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Dover,  N.H. 

Davis,  a  station  on  the  Peniberton  A  Ilightstown  Rail- 
road, 16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Peinbcrton,  N.J. 

Davis,  a  post-hamlet  of  Indiana  oo..  Pa.,  10  miles  N. 
of  Indiana.     It  has  a  church. 

Da'visborougli,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washin;;ton  on., 
Qa.,  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia,  70  miles  E.  by  N. 
of  Macon,     It  has  3  churches  and  a  high  school, 

Davis  Bridge,  a  post-village  of  Aiken  oo.,  S.C.,  on 
the  South  Edisto  River,  19  miles  S.E.  of  Aiken,  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Da'visburg,  a  post-village  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  15 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Pontiao.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  stenm  saw-mill,  an  elevator,  a  griet-uiill,  Ac. 
Pop.  about  300, 

Davis  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Decatur  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Burrell  township,  8  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Leon.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  district  school,  and 
a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  694. 

Davis  Corners,  a  post-ofiice  of  Howard  co,,  Iowa. 

Davis*  (or  Davis's)  Creek,  Missouri,  flows  into  Cur- 
rent River  from  the  right  at  Van  Buren,  in  Ripley  co. 

Davis'  Creek,  a  post-oflSce  of  Fayette  co.,  Ala.,  8 
miles  (direct)  S.  by  E.  of  Fayette  Court-llouse. 

Davis'  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Modoc  co.,  Cal. 

Davis'  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office,  Cherokee  co.,  Ala. 

Davis'  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa., 
about  20  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia. 

Da'vis  Inlet,  a  bay  on  the  E.  coast  of  Labrador,  80 
miles  S.E.  of  Nain.  Lat.  65°  37'  N. ;  Ion.  60°  20'  W.  It 
extends  57  miles  inland,  with  a  mean  breadth  of  6  miles. 

Da'vis  Island,  in  the  Mergui  Archipelago,  is  10  miles 
in  circumference.     Lat.  9°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  97°  50'  E. 

Davis  Junction,  a  post-village  of  Ogle  co.,  III.,  in 
Scott  township,  on  the  Chicago  A  Iowa  Railroad  (Rockford 
Branch)  where  it  crosses  the  Chicago  A  Pacific  Railroad, 
79  miles  W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  butter- 
factory. 

Davis'  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vernon  co..  La.,  10 
miles  (direct)  S.  of  Leesville. 

Davis'  Mills,  a  station  in  Warren  co.,  Pn.,  on  the 
Philadelphia  A  Erie  Railroad,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Warren. 

Davis'  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  co.,  Va.,  lOJ 
miles  S.  of  Liberty.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  2  stores. 

Da'vison,  a  county  in  the  S.E,  part  of  South  Dakota, 
has  an  area  of  432  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Dakota  or  James  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level;  the  soil  is  fertile.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Chi- 
cago, Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  and  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minne- 
apolis A  Omaha  Railroads.  Mitchell  is  the  capital.  Pop. 
in  1880,  1256;  in  1890,  6449. 

Davison  Station,  a  post-village  of  Genesee  co.,  Mich., 
in  Davison  township,  on  the  Chicago  A  Lake  Huron  Rail- 
road, 9  miles  E.  of  Flint.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  creamery,  a  flouring-mill,  and  artesian 
wells.     Pop.  in  1890,  456. 

Davisonville,  a  local  name  of  Atlas,  Mich. 

Davis  Ranch,  a  post-office  of  Laramie  co.,  Wyoming. 

Davis's  Cove,  an  inlet  near  the  W.  extremity  of 
Jamaica,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Lucea. 

Davis's  Creek,  Missouri.     See  Davis'  Cuekk. 

Davis  Siding,  a  station  in  Doddridge  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Middle  Island  Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of  Smithton. 

Davis'  Strait,  North  America,  connects  Baffin's  Bay 
with  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  forms  the  W.  boundary  of 
Greenland.  The  narrowest  part  (that  which  is  crossed  by 
the  Arctic  circle)  is  about  200  miles  wide. 

Da'viston,  a  post-village  of  Tallapoosa  eo.,  Ala.,  20 
miles  W.  of  Lafayette.  It  has  an  academy  and  several 
churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  141. 

Daviston,  a  hamlet  of  Talbot  co.,  Ga.,  about  42  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Columbus. 

Da'vistown,  or  Da'visville,  a  hamlet  of  Camden 
CO.,  N.J.,  in  Gloucester  township,  1  mile  from  Blackwood- 
town.     It  has  a  church. 

Davistown,  a  post-village  of  Greene  oo..  Pa.,  in 
Dunkard  township,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Waynesburg.  It  has 
2  churches,  several  wells  of  amber  oil,  a  mill,  and  3  stores. 


DAV 


1009' 


DAY 


Davisville,  or  Davis,  a  post-village  of  Yolo  co.,  Cal., 
13  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Sacramento.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  public  school,  a  wind- mill  factory,  and  a  brewery.  The 
post-office  is  Davisville,  the  station  is  Davis,     Pop.  547. 

Davisville,  a  village  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mich.,  in  Lexington 
township,  on  Black  River,  about  68  miles  N.N.E.  of  Detroit, 
and  5  miles  W.  of  Lexington.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  brick-yard.    Pop.  250. 

Davisville,  Camden  co.,  N.J.    See  Davistown. 

Davisville,  a  hamlet  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  in  Jackson 
township,  3  miles  from  Ilornerstown.     It  has  a  church. 

Davisville,  a  post-village  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  in  North- 
ampton township,  about  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Philadelphia. 
It  has  general  stores  and  other  business  houses. 

Davisville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  R.I.,  18 
miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Providence.  It  has  a  church, 
2  granite  quarries,  and  manufactures  of  Kentucky  jeans, 
fency  cassimeres,  and  woollen  goods.     Pop.  about  250. 

Davisville,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co.,  W.  Va.,  7  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Parkersburg.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  200. 

Davisville,  a  pdst-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  3J 
miles  N.  of  Toronto.     Pop.  200. 

Davis  Wharf,  a  post-office  of  Accomack  co.,  Va. 

Davlia,  or  Daulia,  div-lee'i  (ano.  Baulis),  a  village 
of  Greece,  in  Boeotia,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Livadia,  at  the  foot 
of  Mount  Parnassus. 

Davoli,  di-vo'lee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  18  miles 
S.  of  Catanzaro.     Pop.  3146. 

Davos,  di'vos,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Orisons, 
15  miles  E.  of  Chur  (Coire).     Pop.  1705. 

Davreli,  div-ri'lee,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  govern- 
ment of  Vilna,  45  miles  N.E.  of  Vilkomeer.     Pop.  1100. 

Daw,  a  Malay  island.     See  Douw. 

Daw'don,  or  Seaham  (s(»e'am)  Harbor,  a  town 
of  England,  co.  of  Durham,  on  the  sea,  6  miles  by  rail  S.  of 
Sunderland.     Pop.  7132. 

Dawes,  dawz,  a  station  in  Perry  co..  111.,  on  the  Chester 
&  Tamaroa  Railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Tamaroa. 

Dawes  (or  Dawe's)  Peak,  a  peak  of  the  Uintah 
Mountains,  is  in  Utah,  near  lat.  40°  48'  N.  Its  altitude  is 
13,300  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  It  is  a  part  of  the 
dividing  ridge  between  the  East  Branch  of  the  Bear  River 
and  Black's  Fork  of  Green  River.  The  summit  is  sharp 
and  conical  and  is  covered  with  perpetual  snow. 

Dawfus'kie  Island,  in  Beaufort  co.,  S.C,  is  one  of 
the  sea-island  group,  and  lies  S.W.  of  Hilton  Head  Island. 

Daw'kin's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  0.,  is  at 
a  hamlet  named  Middleton. 

Daw'lish,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Devon,  on  the 
British  Channel,  10  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Exeter.  The  village 
is  frequented  as  a  watering-place.     Pop.  3622. 

Dawn,  a  post-village  of  Livingston  co..  Mo.,  on  Shoal 
Creek,  10  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Chillicoth§.  It  has  several 
church  organizations,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  flour- 
mill,  &0. 

Dawn,  a  post-village  of  Darke  co.,  0.,  23  miles  by  rail 
W.  by  S.  from  Sidney.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Dawn'ville,  a  post-office  of  Whitfield  co.,  Ga. 

Daw'son,  a  county  in  the  N.part  of  Georgia,  has  an  area 
of  about  192  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Etowah 
River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  is  mostly  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  wheat 
are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Dawsonville.  Pop.  in 
1870,  4369;  in  1880,  5837;  in  1890,  5612. 

Dawson,  a  northeastern  county  of  Montana,  borders  on 
North  Dakota.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Missouri  River,  and 
is  also  drained  by  the  Milk  and  Yellowstone  Rivers.  The 
surface  is  diversified  with  hills,  valleys,  and  forests.  The 
soil  is  uncultivated.  The  northern  part  of  it  is  infested  by 
Blackfeet  Indians.  Area,  26,680  square  miles.  Capital, 
Glendive.     Pop.  in  1870,  177  ;  in  1880,  180  ;  in  1890,  2056. 

Dawson,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Nebraska,  is 
intersected  by  the  Platte  River.  The  surface  is  undulating 
or  nearly  level.  Timber  is  scarce  in  this  county,  the  greater 
portion  of  which  is  prairie.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Lexington.  Pop.  in  1870,  103; 
in  1876,  21.33;  in  1880,  2909;  in  1890,  10,129. 

Dawson,  a  county  in  Texas,  in  the  N.W.,  on  or  near 
the  Staked  Plain.    Area,  900  square  miles.    Pop.  (1890)  29. 

Daw'son,  a  river  of  Australia,  in  Queensland.  It  is 
one  of  the  main  tributaries  of  the  Fitzroy. 

Daw'sou,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Terrell  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Southwestern  Railroad,  20  miles  E.  of  Cuthbert,  and 
about  24  miles  N.W.  of  Albany.  It  has  2  churches,  a  male 
institute,  and  a  manufactory  of  railroad-cars.  A  weekly 
newspaper  is  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  2284. 

Dawson,  a  post-village  of  Sangamon  co.,  111.,  on  the 


Wabash  Railroad,  11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Springfield.     It  has  2 
churches  and  a  graded  school. 

Dawson,  a  post-village  of  Dallas  co.,  Iowa,  23  miles 
oy  rail  W.  of  Madrid,  and  18  miles  (direct)  N.N.W.  of 
Adel.  It  has  a  church,  coal-mines,  and  manufactures  of 
bricks.     Pop.  about  200. 

Dawson,  a  post-village  of  Hopkins  co.,  Ky.,  on  tho 
Tradewater  River,  61  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Paducah.  It  has 
3  churches  and  a  lumber-mill.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Dawson,  a  post-village  of  Lac-qui-parle  co.,  Minn.,  27 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Hanley  Fall.«,  and  8  miles  (direct) 
S.W.  of  Lac-qui-parle.  It  has  2  churches,  2  banks,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  418. 

Dawson,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Youghiogheny  River,  52  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Pittsburg. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  spoke-factory. 

Dawson,  a  post-village  of  Navarro  co.,  Tex.,  21  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Corsicana.  It  has  4  churches  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  in  1890,  365. 

Daw'son  Island,  an  island  of  Terra  del  Fuego,  in 
the  middle  of  the  Strait  of  Magellan,  intersected  by  the- 
parallel  of  54°  S.  and  by  the  meridian  of  70°  30'  W. 

Daw'sonville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dawson  co., 
Ga.,  about  51  miles  (direct)  N.N.E.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  and  several 
general  stores  and  business  houses.     Pop.  842. 

Dawsonville,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md. 

Dawsonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Va.,  15 
miles  AV.  of  Orange  Court-House.     It  has  2  churches. 

DaAVUl ghaut,  dawhviil-gawt',  a  walled  town  of  India, 
in  Hyderabad,  54  miles  S.  of  Boorhanpoor. 

DaUvundhul'ly, or  Devanchalli,  diSOn-chiil'le,  a 
town  of  India,  province  and  35  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Mysore. 
Pop.  5771. 

Dax, dS,x,  Ax, or  Aqs,  3.x  (anc.  A'quee  A ugus'tm),  a  town 
of  France,  department  of  Landes,  in  a  fertile  plain,  on  tho 
left  bank  of  the  Adour,  at  a  railway  junction,  32  miles  N.E. 
of  Bayonne.  It  is  in  part  enclosed  by  old  Roman  walls,  is 
well  built,  and  has  a  cathedral,  court-house,  prison,  chamber 
of  commerce,  and  theatre,  with  manufactures  of  earthen- 
ware, linen  thread,  linseed  oil,  vinegar,  and  leather,  and 
some  trade  in  corn,  wine,  brandy,  hams,  and  wood.  It  waa 
celebrated  in  the  time  of  the  Romans  for  its  hot  saline 
springs  (temperature,  162°  Fahr.),  and  is  still  much  fre- 
quented by  invalids.  In  the  Middle  Ages  the  town  was 
called  Givitas  Akensis  or  Aqtiensis,  i.e.,  the  "city  of 
Aqua},"  whence  the  French  Ville  d'Acqs,  or  simply  d'Acqi, 
d'Ax,  or  Dax.     Pop.  9085. 

Daxlanden,  dL\'linM?n,  a  village  of  Baden,  4  miles 
W.  of  Carlsruhe,  on  the  Rhine.     Pop.  2553. 

Daxweiler,  dix'^rier,  a  village  of  Prussia,  28  milet 
S.  of  Coblentz.     Pop.  587! 

Day,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Mich.,  in  Calvin  town- 
ship, 8  miles  S.E.  of  Cassopolis. 

Day,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Day  town- 
ship, on  the  Sacondaga  River,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Saratoga 
Springs.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  852. 

Dayansville,  New  York.    See  New  Bremen. 

Day  Book,  a  post-office  of  Yancey  co.,  N.C. 

Day'kin,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co..  Neb.,  15  milea 
by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Fairbury.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  bank. 
Pop.  about  200. 

Daylesford,  da,lz'f(?rd,  a  borough  of  Victoria,  Aus- 
tralia, 25  miles  N.E.  of  Ballarat,  in  a  fertile  region,  where 
much  gold  is  obtained.     It  has  a  hospital.     Pop.  4696. 

Daylor  Ranch,  Sacramento  co.,  Cal.     See  Cosumne. 

Days'borough,  a  post-office  of  Wolfe  co.,  Ky. 

Day's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Douglas  co.,  Oregon. 

Day's  Gap,  a  post-village  of  Walker  co.,  Ala.,  32  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Fayette  Court-House,  and  10  miles  (direct)  S. 
by  W.  of  Jasper.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  421. 

Day's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  W.  Va. 

Day's  River,  Michigan.    See  Bramptox. 

Daysville,  AVindham  co..  Conn.     See  Dayville. 

Days'ville,  a  post-village  of  Ogle  co.,  HI.,  in  Nashua 
township,  on  Rock  River,  1  mile  from  Daysville  Station  of 
the  Chicago  <fc  Iowa  Railroad,  and  about  14  miles  N.E.  of 
Dixon.  It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  gloves  and 
mittens.     Daysville  Station  is  98  miles  AV.  of  Cliicago. 

Daysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Todd  co.,  Ky.,  4i  miles  B. 
of  Elkton.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 
Daysville,  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.    See  Sand  Hill. 
Daysville,  a  post-office  of  Loudoun  co.,  A^a. 
Dayton,  da'ton,  a  post-village  of  Marengo  co.,  Ala., 
about  40  miles  AV.  of  Selma,  and  16  miles  S.E.  of  Demopolis. 
It  has  5  churches  and  2  schools.     Pop.  426. 
Dayton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sebastian  co.,  Ark.,  on  the 


DAT 


lOiO 


DEA 


ArkaMH  lUrw,  about  ii  mllM  below  Fort  Smith.  It  hM 
IX  nkmilies. 

DaftoOf  or  Grnin'landv  »  h»ml0t  of  Butte  co.,  Cal., 
•  Bllee  8.W.  of  Chieo.     It  hmi  a  ohuroh.     Here  is  aruinltind 

Pwt-oaoo. 

Dnyton,  a  poat-village  in  Dajton  township,  La  Salle 
eo.,  III.,  on  Fox  River,  and  on  the  Chioago,  Burlington  A, 
Qainoy  lUilroad,  4  miles  N.B.  of  Ottawa.  It  has  a  paper- 
mill,  a  woollen-faotory,  and  a  flouring-mill.  Pop.  163 ;  of 
tbe  township,  65S. 

DaytOBta  poet-rilUge  of  Tippecanoe  oo.,  Ind.,  in  Shef- 
field township,  on  the  South  FurK  of  Wild  Cat  Crook,  and 
on  the  Liifiiyotto,  Munoie  A.  Bloomington  Ilailrood,  8  miles 
S.E.  of  Lufa^-ctte.  It  has  4  churches,  a  ste:im-elerator,  a 
broom-factory,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  386. 

Dayton,  a  hamlet  and  township  of  Bremer  co.,  Iowa, 
about  20  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Waverly.     Pop.  of  township,  618. 

Da yton,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Iowa,  traversed  oy  the 
Burlington,  Cedar  Kai)ids  &  Minnesota  Railroad.     Pop.  513. 

Dayton,  a  townsnip  of  Cedar  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop.  715,  ex- 
clusive of  Clarence. 

Dayton,  a  township  of  Chickasaw  co.,  Iowa,  traversed 
by  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad  (Iowa  & 
Dakota  division).     Pop.  624. 

Dayton,  a  township  of  Iowa  oo.,  Iowa.    Pop.  1065. 

Dayton,  a  post-village  of  Webster  co.,  Iowa,  19  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Fort  Dodge.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  and  manufactures  of  bricks. 
Pop.  in  1890,  669. 

Dayton,  a  hamlet  in  Timber  Hill  township,  Bourlion 
00.,  Kansas,  about  12  miles  N.W.  of  Fort  Scott. 

Dayton,  a  post-town  of  Campbell  oo.,  Ky.,  is  situated 
on  or  near  the  Ohio  River,  li  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Newport, 
and  2  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  6  churches, 
public  and  parochial  schools,  distilleries,  and  manufactures 
of  ropes,  shoes,  cigars,  &c.     Pop.  in  1890,  4264. 

Dayton,  a  township  of  York  co..  Me.,  about  18  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Portland,  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Saco 
River.     Pop.  500.     It  contains  Union  Falls. 

Dayton,  a  post-village  of  Howard  co,  Md.,  11  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Ellicott  City.  It  has  steam-engine  works,  and 
general  business  stores,  &e. 

Dayton,  a  post- village  of  Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Miohi;:ran  Central  Railroad,  82  miles  E.  of  Chicago,  and  1 1 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Nilcs.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and 
a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  about  250. 

Dayton,  a  township  of  Newaygo  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  975. 
It  contains  Fremont  Centre. 

Dayton,  a  township  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  789. 

Dayton,  a  post-village  of  Dayton  township,  Ilennepih 
CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  S.W.  bank  of  the  Mississippi  River,  at 
the  mouth  of  Crow  River,  1  mile  from  and  nearly  opposite 
Itaska  Railroad  Station,  and  about  22  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Minneapolis.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flouring-mill,  a  stiw- 
mill,  &c.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1082. 

Dayton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Mo.,  tibout  50  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Kansas  City. 

Dayton,  a  village  of  Newton  co.,  Mo.,  9  miles  by  rail 
W.  of  Neosho.  In  the  vicinity  are  lead-miues  and  smelting- 
furnaces.     Here  is  Racine  Post-Office. 

Dayton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lyon  co.,  Nevada, 
on  Carson  River,  6  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Mound  House,  and 
10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Virginia  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  manufactures  of  bluestune  and  sulphuric 
acid.     Pop.  in  1890,  576. 

'Dayton,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
railroad  between  Jamesburg  and  Monmouth  Junction,  4 
miles  W.  of  Jamesburg,  and  about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Trenton. 
It  has  a  church,  a  public  school,  a  hay-press,  and  manufac- 
tures of  carriages,  harness,  &,o.     Pop.  300. 

Dayton,  a  post-village  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Dayton  township,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  22  miles  E.  by  S. 
from  Dunkirk,  and  on  the  Buffalo  and  Jamestown  Railroad, 
38  miles  S.  of  Bufialo.  It  has  3  churches,  a  private  bank, 
and  a  manufactory  of  staves.     Pop.  of  township,  1735. 

Deyton,  a  flourishing  city,  capital  of  Montgomery  co., 
0.,  is  situated  on  the  left  or  E.  bank  of  the  Great  Miami, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Mad  River,  and  on  the  line  of  the 
Miami  Canal,  60  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cincinnati,  and  71  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Columbus.  Lat.  39°  44'  N.;  Ion.  84°  11'  W. 
This  is  the  fifth  city  of  Ohio  in  recpect  to  population  and 
wealth,  and  is  celebrated  for  the  variety  and  extent  of  its 
manufactures,  which  are  rapidly  increasing.  It  is  nn  im- 
portant station  on  8  railroads,  viz.,  the  Cleveland,  Cincin- 
nati, Chicago  A  St.  Louis  (or  "  Big  Four"),  the  New  York, 
Lake  Erie  &  Western,  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Dayton, 
tbe  Dayton  &  Union,  the  Dayton  &  Xeuia,  the  Dayton  & 


Michigan,  the  Cineinnali,  Dayton  t  Ironton,  and  the  Cincin- 
nati, Dayton  &  Chicago.  A  continuous  line  of  railroad  is  now 
completed  from  the  Ohio  River,  at  M' heeling,  to  St.  Louis, 
on  which  Dayton  is  one  of  the  principal  points.  Thirty- 
six  macadamized  or  hard-gravelled  roads  radiate  in  all 
directions  from  Dayton,  with  un  aggregate  length  of  more 
than  600  miles.  The  city  is  laid  out  with  streets  100  feet 
wide,  crossing  one  another  at  right  angles.  The  publio 
buildings  are  remarkably  fine,  and  excellent  ta»te  is  dis- 
played in  the  construction  of  the  private  residences  and  in 
the  cmbellisbmont  of  the  adjoining  grounds.  The  county 
court-house,  an  elegant  edifice,  lUO  by  200  feet,  is  built  of 
white  stone  quarried  in  the  vicinity.  The  style  of  arohi> 
tecture  is  modern.  It  cost  about  $.'i00,000.  Dayton  hai 
also  a  stone  jail  erected  at  a  cost  of  about  $400,000,  47 
churches,  a  public  library,  5  national  ban-ks,  3  other  bunks, 
2  market-bouses,  a  high  school,  17  public  schools,  4  Catbo- 
lie  schools,  and  several  high-grade  preparatory  schools  for 
boys.  Six  daily  and  10  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.  The  streets,  stores,  and  publio  buildings  are  lighted 
with  gas  and  electricity.  Quarries  of  excellent  limestone 
are  worked  in  the  vicinity,  and  furnish  material  for  the 
finest  buildings  of  Cincinnati.  The  abundant  wutcr-power 
which  Dayton  possesses  through  its  hydraulic  canal,  by 
which  the  water  of  Mad  River  is  brought  through  the  city, 
is  one  of  the  elements  of  its  prosperity.  It  is  the  seat  of 
extensive  industrial  establishments,  embracing  manufac- 
tories of  agricultural  implements  with  an  aggregate  capi- 
tal of  $1,868,414  and  producing  goods  to  the  value  of 
$1,352,150;  carriages  and  wagons,  capital  $459,447,  prod- 
uct $482,369;  cofi'ee  and  spices,  capital  $217,117,  product 
$921,500;  flour  and  feed,  capital  $272,050,  product  $1,185,- 
250;  foundry-products  and  machinery,  capital  $1,565,768, 
product  $1,756,278  ;  architectural  iron-work,  capital  $256,- 
905,  product  $322,650;  liquors  (malt),  capital  $909,375, 
product  $619,148  ;  lumber,  capital  $403,928,  product  $392,- 
291;  paper,  capital  $897,008,  product  $1,017,257;  and 
tobacco,  capital  $370,183,  product  $1,017,545.  It  also  con- 
tains several  cotton-factories,  woollen-factories,  oil-mills, 
&o.,  its  annual  manufactures  being  estimated  at  $20,000,000. 
Dayton  was  first  settled  in  1796,  and  was  incorporated  in 
1805.  Assessed  value  of  property  in  1864,  $10,315,310; 
in  1878  the  valuation  was  $20,000,000;  in  1892  it  wna 
$35,000,000.  In  1829  the  Miami  Canal  was  opened  from 
Cincinnati  to  this  point,  from  which  event  the  prosperity 
of  Dayton  may  be  dated.  Pop.  in  1830,  2954;  in  1840, 
6067;  in  1850,  10,976;  in  1860,  20,081  ;  in  1870,  30,473; 
in  1880,  38,678;  in  1890,  61,220;  in  1892,  65,000. 

Dayton,  a  post-village  of  Yam  Hill  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Yam  llill  River,  4  miles  from  its  mouth,  .3  miles  from  the 
Oregon  Central  Railroad,  and  about  36  miles  S.W.  of  Port- 
land. It  has  4  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  graded  public 
schools,  and  manufactures  of  lumber.  Pop.  in  1890,  304. 
Steamboats  run  daily  to  Portland. 

Dayton,  a  post-village  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa.,  18  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Kittanning,  and  about  50  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 
It  has  3  churches  and  2  academies.     Pop.  in  1890,  372. 

Dayton,  a  station  in  Dauphin  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Summit 
Brunch  Railroad,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Lykens. 

Dayton,  a  post-village  of  Rhea  co.,  Tenn.,  38  miles  by 
rail  N.  by  E.  of  Chattanooga.  It  has  7  churches,  2  banks, 
2  newspaper  offices,  2  roller  flour-mills,  a  pearl  button  fac- 
tory, pressed-brick  works,  a  college  and  public  schools,  and 
iron-works.     Pop.  in  1890,  2719. 

Dayton,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Liberty  co.,  Tex.,  35 
miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Houston. 

Dayton,  a  post  village  of  Rockingham  co.,  Ya.,  4  miles 
from  Harrisonburg.  It  has  4  churches,  a  seminary,  flour- 
mills,  and  large  carriage-factories.     Pop.  about  400. 

Dayton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Columbia  co..  Wash., 
34  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Walla  Walla,  in  a  fruit-growing 
district.  It  has  a  court-house,  numerous  churches,  publio 
schools,  a  public  library,  and  large  shipments  of  grain, 
flour,  stock,  and  produce.  Here  is  rich  farming-land.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1880. 

Dayton,  a  post-village  of  Exeter  township.  Green  oo.. 
Wis.,  on  the  Sugar  River,  about  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Madison. 
It  has  3  churches. 

Dayto'na,  a  post-village  of  Volusia  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
W.  bank  of  the  Halifax  River,  near  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  47 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Palatka.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank 
a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  lumber.    Pop.  771 

Daytonville,  Washington  co.,  Iowa.     See  Davton. 

Day'ville,  a  village  in  Killingly  township,  Windham  co.. 
Conn.,  on  the  Boston,  Hartford  &  Erie  Railroad,  29  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Norwich.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school, 
and  manufactures  of  woollen  goods  and  sash  and  blinds. 


DEA 


lOU 


DEA 


Dead  Level,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co,,  Tenn. 

Dead'raan's  Bay,  a  bay  at  the  Southern  extremity 
of  Taylor  co.,  Fla.,  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

Deadman's  Ilay,  a  small  fishing-settlement  of  New- 
foundland, 18  miles  N.  of  Green's  Pond  Island.     Pop.  30. 

Deadinaii's  Harbor,  a  fishing-settlement  on  the  Bay 
of  Fundy,  Charlotte  co..  New  Brunswick,  12  miles  from  St. 
George.     Pop.  60. 

Dead  River,  Maine,  rises  in  Franklin  co.,  runs  east- 
ward, and  enters  the  Kennebec  River  in  Somerset  co. 
Length,  about  75  miles. 

Dead  River,  a  post-oflSco  of  Somerset  co..  Me.  Pop. 
of  Dead  River  plantation,  100. 

Dead  River,  of  New  Ilampshire,  rises  in  Coos  co., 
and  falls  into  the  Margallaway  River. 

Dead  Sea,  or  Sea  of  Sod'om  (Arab.  Dirket-Loot, 
beeu'k?t-loot,  "  Lake  of  Lot,"  or  Bahr-Loot,  bin'r-loot, 
"  Sea  of  Lot ;"  Fr.  Mer  Morte,  main  moitt  j  Ger.  Todtes-Meer, 
t5t'tQS-maiR ;  anc.  La'cua  Aaphalti'tes  ;  L.  Ma' re  Mor'tuum), 
called  in  Scripture  Salt  Sea,  Sea  of  the  Plains,  and 
£a$t  Sea,  a  celebrated  lake  near  the  S.  extremity  of 
Palestine,  25  miles  E.  of  Jerusalem,  and  10  miles  S.E.  of 
Jericho.  Centre,  about  lat.  31°  30'  N.,  Ion.  35°  45'  E. 
Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  about  41  miles ;  breadth  at  the  widest 

Eart,  9i  miles,  average,  about  8J  miles.  Tho  basin  or 
ollow  in  which  tho  Dead  Sea  reposes  forms  the  southern 
termination  of  the  great  depression  through  which  the  Jor- 
dan flows,  that  river  entering  it  at  its  northern  extremity. 
The  surface  of  the  lake  is  1312  feet  below  the  level  of  the 
Mediterranean,  and  984  feet  below  that  of  Lake  Tiberias, 
which  tho  Jordan  traverses,  it  being  thus  by  far  the  deepest 
known  fissure  on  the  earth's  surface.  It  lies  imbedded 
between  lofty  cliffs  of  naked  limestone,  its  shores  presenting 
a  scene  of  indescribable  desolation  and  solitude,  encompassed 
by  desert  sands  and  bleak,  stony,  salt  hills ;  except  where 
there  are  fresh-water  streams,  in  which  localities  the  shores 
are  fertile.  Lofty  mountains,  exhibiting  frightful  preci- 
pices, rise  on  the  E.  shore  to  the  height  of  2000  and  2500 
feet  above  the  water,  and  on  the  W.  the  rocky  barriers 
attain  an  elevation  of  1500  feet.  Its  waters  are  thoroughly 
impregnated  with  salt,  and  it  has  not  been  proved  that  any 
animal  exists  in  this  sea.  A  mountain  of  rock  salt  on  its 
S.W.  side,  called  Jiajr  Ooadoom,  "  stone  of  Sodom,"  pre- 
serves the  name  of  that  city,  ruined  with  others,  as  de- 
scribed in  Gen.  xix.  24-28 ;  and  traces  of  towns  or  build- 
ings are  reported,  on  doubtful  authority,  to  have  been  seen 
at  ccrtiAin  times  in  its  bed.  Asphaltum  was  thrown  to  the 
surface  at  its  southern  extremity  in  large  quantities  after 
the  earthquakes  of  1834  and  1837.  Messrs.  Robinson  and 
Smith  have  found  the  Anclepias  t/iyanleu  growing  at  Engedi, 
on  its  W.  coast,  the  fruits  of  which  (the  famed  "ap])les 
of  Sodom"),  though  inviting  in  appearance,  crumble  in  the 
hand  into  powder, 

Dead'wood,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Lawrence  co.,  S.D., 
among  the  Black  Hills,  the  metropolis  of  the  western  half 
of  South  Dakota  and  the  commercial  capital  of  all  that 
part  of  the  state  west  of  the  Missouri  River,  62  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Custer,  and  45  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Rapid  City. 
It  has  7  churches,  3  banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  public 
schools,  smelters,  and  chlorination-works.  It  is  a  great 
ore-reducing  centre.     Pop.  in  1890,  2366. 

Deakovar,  d4-4'koVatt',  or  Diakovar,  dce-&*koVaK', 
a  town  of  Hungary,  in  Slavonia,  co.  of  Verotze,  22  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Eszek.     Pop.  2400. 

Deakyueviile,  dee-kin' vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  New  Castle 
CO.,  Del.,  on  Delaware  Bay,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Smyrna.  It 
has  a  church  and  2  steam  saw-mills. 

Deal,  deel,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  a  member 
of  tho  cinque  port  of  Sandwich,  from  which  town  it  is  5 
miles  S.E.  by  rail,  on  the  shore  of  the  North  Sea,  near  the 
S.  extremity  of  the  Downs,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Dover.  The 
town  consists  of  Upper,  Middle,  and  Lower  Deal, — the  last 
stretching  in  parallel  streets  along  the  coast.  The  princi- 
pal buildings  are  a  church,  court-house,  jail,  naval  store- 
nouse,  barracks,  hospital,  custom-house,  and  new  public 
rooms,  with  a  library  and  baths.  At  the  S.  and  N.  ex- 
tremities of  the  borough  are  Walmer  and  Sandown  Cas- 
tles, and  intermediate  is  Deal  Castle,  a  fortress  built  by 
Henry  VIII.  The  inhabitants  are  mostly  connected  with 
maritime  traffic,  and  the  skill  and  boldness  of  Deal  pilots 
are  proverbial.    It  is  resorted  to  for  sea-bathing.    Pop.  8009. 

Deal,  deel,  a  post-village  and  bathing-])lace  in  Ocoan 
township,  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  4 
miles  S.  by  W.  from  Long  Branch,  and  4  miles  from  Ocean 
Grove.  It  has  a  hotel,  an  academy,  several  boarding-houses, 
and  a  grist-mill. 

Deal  Beach,  a  summer  resort  of  Monmouth  oo.,  N.J., 


on  tho  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the  Long  Branch  division 
of  the  Central  Railroad,  about  40  miles  S.  of  New  York 
City.  Deal  Beach  comprises  that  part  of  the  shore  which 
lies  between  Asbury  Park  and  Long  Branch. 

Deal's  Island,  a  post-borough  of  Somerset  co.,  Md., 
is  on  an  island  in  Chesapeake  Bay,  about  15  miles  N.  by  W. 
of  Crisfield.  The  island  is  3  miles  long,  and  is  connected 
with  the  mainland  by  a  bridge.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
high  school.     Many  oysters  are  exported. 

Deal'tOAvn,  a  post-village  in  Kent  co.,  Ontario,  19J 
miles  S.  of  Chatham.  It  has  several  stores  and  hotels,  2 
saw-mills,  and  a  trade  in  grain  and  lumber.    Pop.  150. 

Dean,  or  Deen,  a  river  of  England,  rises  in  the  co, 
of  Leicester,  and  falls  into  the  Trent  at  Newark. 

Dean,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Forfar,  issues  from 
Forfar  Loch,  and  falls  into  the  Isla  1  mile  N.  of  Meigle. 

Dean,  deen,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wells  township,  Ap- 
panoose CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Missouri,  Iowa  &  Nebraska  Rail- 
road, 11  miles  S.E.  of  Centreville,  and  2  miles  E.  of  the 
Chariton  River. 

Dean  Forest,  England,  co.  of  Gloucester,  comprised 
formerly  tho  chief  part  of  the  county  W.  of  the  Severn,  but 
as  a  royal  forest  it  is  now  reduced  to  22,000  acres,  about  5 
miles  S.W.  of  Newnham.  The  population  are  mostly  em- 
ployed in  iron-  and  coal-mines,  with  which  the  forest  and 
neighboring  wastes  abound.  The  forest  contains  fine  plan- 
tations of  oak,  beech,  <fec.,  and  orchards  yielding  famous 
cider.  Numerous  railways  connect  the  mines  with  the  Sev- 
ern, Wye,  Ac.  It  is  divided  into  East  Dean  (pop.  10,901) 
and  West  Dean  (pop.  9591).  The  inhabitants  are  exempted 
from  county  rates,  and  have  other  ancient  privileges. 

Dean  Mitch'ell,  or  Mitch^eldean',  a  town  of 
England,  co.  of  Gloucester,  11  miles  AV.  of  Gloucester. 

Dean's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Middlesex  co.,  N.J.,  in  South 
Brunswick  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  51  miles  from  West  Philadelphia.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Dean's,  a  township  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1320. 

Dean's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Lake  co..  III.,  about  40 
miles  N.W.  of  Chicago.     It  has  2  churches. 

Dean's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Chemung  co.,  N.Y.,  4 
miles  from  Horseheads. 

Dean's  Corners,  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.    See  Ahrvillb. 

Dean's  Corners,   a  post-office  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y. 

Dean's  Island,  a  lagoon  island  in  the  Pacific,  between 
the  Low  Islands  and  the  Sociity  Islands.  Lat.  15°  5'  S.} 
Ion.  148°  W. 

Dean's  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Montcalm  oo.,  Mich,,  4 
miles  from  Sheridan.     It  has  2  lumber-mills. 

Deans'ton,  a  village  ol  Scotland,  co.  and  30  miler 
S.W.  of  Perth,  on  the  Teith,  1  mile  W.  of  Douno.  Pop. 
027,  employed  in  cotton-factories. 

Deans'ville,  a  post-village  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Chenango  Canal,  14  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Utica.  It  has 
2  churches,  an  academy,  and  manufactures  of  cider  and 
vinegar.     Pop.  about  300. 

Deansville,  or  Deanville,  a  post-village  of  Done 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad, 
18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Madison.     It  has  a  church. 

Dcan'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Burnside  township,  48  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Port  Huron.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  100. 

Deanville,  a  post-hamlct  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa.,  in  Mad- 
ison township,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Mahoning.   It  has  2  churches. 

Deanville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burleson  co.,  Tex.,  22 
miles  from  Giddings.  It  has  2  churches,  a  steam  saw-mill, 
and  a  grist-mill. 

Dearborn,  the  former  name  of  Nunda,  111. 

Dearborn,  deer'born,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  In- 
diana, bordering  on  Ohio,  has  an  area  of  about  300  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  on 
the  S.  by  Laughery  Creek.  The  N.E.  part  of  the  county  is 
drained  by  Whitewater  River.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly 
and  partly  level ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
oats,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Nearly  one- 
third  of  the  area  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  beech, 
elm,  hickory,  white  oak,  sugar-maple,  &c.  Silurian  lime- 
stone underlies  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Ohio 
&  Mississippi  Railroad  and  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chi- 
cago &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  both  of  which  communicate  with 
Lawrenceburg,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870, 
24,116;  in  1880,  26,671;  in  1890,  23,364. 

Dearborn,  or  Dear'bornville,  a  post-village  ot 
Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  on  Rouge  River,  and  on  the  Michigan 
Central  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  5  churches, 
a  union  school,  an  extensive  tile-  an«l  brick-yard,  a  saw- 
mill, and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  900. 


DEA 


1012 


DEC 


Uearbora,  «n  Jn<Hirpor«ted  po»t-viII«(fe  of  Platte  co., 
Mo.,  2S  nillM  bv  rnil  K.  by  8.  of  Atchison,  KnnKM,  and  9 
nilM  dirwst  N.  of  Plntt*  City.  It  Hm  S  ciiurohee,  a  bunk, 
and  K  newspaper  office.     Pop.  In  1890,  239. 

Dearborn,  •  p<>«t-villi«f<«of  Lewis  and  Clarke  co.,  Mon- 
Una,  T-l  mile*  (direct)  B.S.W.  of  Fort  Benton.     Pop.  119. 

Dearborn's  Kiver,  the  first  tributnry  of  ony  im. 
porlanoe  which  the  Missouri  receives  after  the  junction  of 
Its  three  head-branches.  It  rises  in  the  Rooky  Mountains, 
and,  fiowinx  S.K-.  unites  with  the  Missouri  about  130  miles 
above  the  Great  Falls.     Length,  about  l&O  mile*. 

Dear'ing,  a  station  in  MoDuflSe  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Georgia 
Railroad,  29  miles  W.  of  Augusta. 

Dcasc  (decs)  Inlet,  Arctic  Ocean,  Alaska,  S.E.  of 
P>int  Harrow,  in  lat.  71°  13'  N.,  Ion.  76°  10'  W.,  is  about 
6  milos  broad,  and  has  2  fathoms  of  water. 

Dcase  River,  of  British  North  America,  rises  in  the 
Coppermine  Mountains,  and  flows  into  the  N.  side  of 
Greiit  Bear  Lake. 

Dcase  Strait,  a  channel  in  the  Arctic  Ocean,  com- 
municating with  Coronation  Gulf,  and  having  Molbourno 
Island  at  its  E.  extremity.  It  is  intersected  by  the  parallel 
of  69°  N.,  is  about  120  miles  long  and  23  miles  in  average 
breadth,  and  at  its  widest  part  is  obstructed  by  islands. 

Deasonville,  deo'89n-vIl,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yazoo  co., 
Miss.,  4  miles  W.  of  Vaughan.    It  has  a  church  and  3  stores. 

Death  Valley,  or  Amar'gosa  Desert,  Inyo  co., 
Cal.,  lies  between  the  Amargosa  Mountains  on  the  E.  and 
the  Panamint  Mountains  on  the  W.  Its  surface  is  159  fcot 
below  sea-level.  It  is  a  gloomy  desert  tract,  receiving  the 
Bcanty  waters  of  the  Amargosa  River. 

Deatonsville,  dee't^nz-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Amelia 
CO.,  Va.,  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Jetcrsville  Railroad  Station. 

Dentsville,  deets'vll,  a  station  in  Elmore  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  South  &  North  Alabama  Railroad,  18  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Montgomery. 

Deatsrillc,  a  post-oflSce  of  Neleon  co.,  Ky. 

Deav'er's,  a  post-office  of  Transylvania  co.,  N.C. 

Deavertown,  doe'v?r-t6wn,  a  post-village  of  Morgan 
CO.,  0.,  15  miles  S.  of  Zanesvillc.  It  has  3  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  leather,  stoneware,  and  wagons.    Pop.  160. 

Dea  Vocontiorum,  the  ancient  name  of  Die. 

Deba,  d&'bi,  or  Dib'bah,  a  fortified  town  of  Arabia, 
on  the  Arabian  Sea,  100  miles  N.W.  of  Muscat.  Pop.  1200, 
who  collect  shark-fins  and  engage  in  the  pearl-fishery. 

Deba,  dA'bi,  or  Dhapa,  d'hi'pi,  a  town  of  Thibet, 
capital  of  a  province,  near  the  Upper  Sutlej,  14,918  feet 
above  sea-level.  Lat.  30°  13'  N. ;  Ion.  80°  21'  E.  It  has  a 
large  temple  of  Vishnu,  and  a  monastic  establishment. 

Debaee,  or  Dibai,  de-b&'ee,  called  also  Dub^boi', 
Dubhae,  dub-hi'ee,  and  Dub'hoi',  a  town  of  India,  dis- 
trict of  Boolundshahur,  69  miles  S.E.  of  Delhi.     Pop.  7782. 

Debai,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  Deba. 

Debalpoor,  di-b&l-poor',  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Pun- 
Jab,  between  the  Sutlej  and  Ravee  Rivers,  77  miles  S.W. 
of  Lahore. 

Debel'Io,  a  post-offioe  of  Vernon  co..  Wis.,  about  27 
miles  E.  of  Viroqua. 

Deb'enham,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Suffolk,  13 
miles  N.  of  Ipswich.     Pop.  of  parish,  1349. 

De  Ber'ry,  a  post-village  of  Panola  co.,  Tex.,  13  miles 
direct  N.E.  of  Carthage.  It  has  2  churches,  and  general 
stores  and  business  houses. 

Debert,  d^-bair',  a  river  of  Colchester  co..  Nova  Scotia, 
rises  in  the  Cobequid  Mountains,  flows  south,  and  falls  into 
Cobequid  Bay.  Several  lakes  at  its  source  abound  with 
speckled  trout. 

Debert,  a  small  village  in  Colchester  co..  Nova  Scotia, 
near  Cobequid  Bay,  12  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Truro.     P.  140. 

Debi,  or  Debie,  di'bee',  a  village  of  Senegambia,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Senegal,  20  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  7 
miles  E.  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean. 

DebMois',  a  post-township  of  Washington  co..  Me.,  on 
the  Narraguagus  River,  10  miles  N.  of  Cherryfield.    P.  139. 

Debo,  di'bo,  or  Dibbie,  dib'bee  (Arab.  Bahr-Tieh, 
bin'r-teeb,  the  "black  lake"),  a  lake  of  Africa,  150  miles 
S.W.  of  Timbuctoo,  is  traversed  by  the  Niger  River,  which 
enters  on  its  S.  and  emerges  from  its  N.E.  side.  On  its 
6.V7'.  share  is  a  town  of  the  same  name. 

Deboo,  or  Debon,  di-boo',  a  village  of  Western 
Africa,  in  Bondoo,  on  the  Falemfi.  Lat.  14°  20'  N. ;  Ion. 
12°  14'  W.     It  is  situated  on  a  clifiF  overhanging  the  river. 

Debra-Tabour,  Abyssinia.    See  Devra-Taboor. 

Debreczin,  or  Debretzin,  di-brfit'sin,  a  town  of 
Hungary,  and  the  chief  town  of  the  Haiduck  district,  is  in 
a  sandy  plain,  at  a  railway  junction,  116  miles  E.  of  Pesth. 
The  bouses  are  almost  all  one  story  in  height,  and  thatched; 


the  streets  are  broad,  unpaved,  and  in  wet  weather  a  mast 
of  liquid  mud.  Its  ))rincipal  edifices  are  5  churclii'^,  a 
monastery,  several  hospitals  and  infirmaries,  nn  or|ilian 
asylum,  and  a  town  hall.  It  has  a  Calvinistic  college,  with 
a  library  of  20,000  volumes,  founded  in  1792,  a  botanic  gar- 
den and  palm-house,  a  Piarist  college,  a  Roman  Cuthulio 
high  school,  and  manufactures  of  soap,  tobacco-i>ipe-bowlx, 
beet  sugar,  flour,  shoes,  furs,  combs,  and  coojicrs'  and 
turnery-wares.  The  inner  town  is  enclosed  by  walls.  Pop 
46,111,  chiefly  Magyars  and  Protestants. 

Dc  Ilrtice,  a  post-hamlct  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
45  miles  W.  of  Kingston.     It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

De  Bru'in,  or  Debru'in,  a  post-hamlet  of  I'ula.ski 
CO.,  Mo.,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Richlnnd  Railroad  Station. 

De  Uurg,  d^h  b&KO,  or  IJiirgt,  buiuit,  a  village  of 
the  Netherlands,  in  North  Holland,  island  of  Te.xcl,  7  miloj 
N.  of  the  Ilelder.  It  is  the  principal  village  in  the  island, 
and  is  noted  for  the  beauty  of  its  streets. 

Deburieh,  d?b'oo-ree'9h  (anc.  JMbu'raih),  a,  village  of 
Piilestino,  y)a8halic  of  Acre,  2  miles  S.E.  of  Nazareth. 

Decapolis,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Deva. 

Decatur,  dc-kd't^r,  the  most  southwestern  county  of 
Georgia,  has  an  area  of  about  1070  square  miles.  It  it 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Chattahoochee  River,  and  inter- 
sected by  the  Flint  River,  which  unites  with  the  former 
stream  at  the  S.W.  corner  of  the  county.  The  surface  ii 
undulating  or  nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Cot- 
ton, Indian  corn,  pork,  and  sweet  potatoes  are  the  staple 
products.  A  large  part  of  this  county  is  covered  with 
forests  of  yellow  pine,  oak,  ash,  <fcc.  It  is  traversed  by  th« 
Alabama  Midland  and  Savannah,  Florida  &  Western  RaiU 
roads,  the  latter  passing  through  Bainbridge,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  15,183;  in  1880,  19,072;  in  1890,  19,9-19. 

Decatur,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Indiana,  has  an 
area  of  about  375  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  C'lifty  and 
Sand  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  mostly 
based  on  limestone,  and  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  hay, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  several  branches  of  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati, 
Chicago  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  nil  of  which  meet  at  Greens- 
burg,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  19,053;  in  1880,  19,779; 
in  1890,  19,277. 

Decatur,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Iowa,  bordering  on 
Missouri,  has  an  area  of  520  square  miles.  It  is  intersfctcd 
by  the  Crooked  Fork  of  Grand  River,  and  also  drained  by 
the  Weldon  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diver- 
sified with  prairies  and  tracts  of  hard  timber.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  hay,  pork,  and  oats  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago, 
Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad  and  the  Des  Moines  &  Kan- 
sas City  Railroad.  Capital,  Leon.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,018; 
in  1880,  15,336;  in  1890,  15,643. 

Decatur,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Kansas,  bor- 
dering on  Nebraska.  Area,  900  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  Sappa,  Prairie  Dog,  and  Beaver  Creeks,  and 
traversed  by  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  and  Chi- 
cago, Rock  Island  <fc  Pacific  Railroads.  Capital,  Ober- 
lin.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level.  Pop.  in 
1880,  4180;  in  1890,  8414. 

Decatur,  a  county  of  West  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of 
about  325  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  and  S.  by 
the  Tennessee  River,  and  is  intersected  by  Beech  Creek.  The 
surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  cotton,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Capital,  Decaturville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
7772;  in  1880,  8498;  in  1890,  8995. 

Decatur,  a  city,  capital  of  Morgan  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Tennessee  River,  24  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Huntsville, 
and  90  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Birmingham.  It  is  the 
N.  terminus  of  the  South  <fc  North  Alabama  Railroad,  which 
here  connects  with  the  Nashville  &  Decatur  Railroad.  It 
has  an  academy,  8  churches,  a  bank,  bridge-works,  oak- 
extract-works,  machine-shops,  cotton-compress,  furniture- 
works,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  2765. 

Decatur,  a  post-village  of  Benton  co..  Ark.,  15  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Bentonville.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  100. 

Decatur,  a  post-village,  capital  of  DeKalb  co.,  Ga.,  is 
6  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Atlanta,  and  10  miles  S.W.  of 
Stone  Mountain,  It  has  6  churches,  an  academy,  and  a 
high  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  1013. 

Decatur,  a  city  of  Illinois,  the  capital  of  Macon  co., 
is  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Sangamon  River,  in  Decatur  town- 
ship, 44  miles  S.  of  Bloomington,  39  miles  E.  of  Springfield, 
and  109  miles  N.N.E.  of  St.  Louis.  It  is  on  the  Illinois 
Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Wabash  Railroad- 
(which  hence  sends  westward  two  divisions  to  St.  Louis  and 


DEC 


1013 


DEC 


to  Springfield  and  Quincy),  and  is  the  W.  terminus  of  the 
Indianapolis,  Decatur  &  Springfield  Railroad.  The  Illinois 
Midland  Railroad  connects  it  with  Terre  Haute  and  Peoria. 
It  is  also  on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  &  Western  and 
Pekin,  Lincoln  &  Decatur  Railroads.  It  contains  a  court- 
house, 12  churches,  a  national  bank,  3  other  banks,  a  Cath- 
olic academy,  a  convent,  a  high  school,  and  printing-ofiBces 
which  issue  2  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers.  One  of  the 
latter  is  in  German.  Decatur  has  2  breweries,  a  woollcn- 
niill.  3  llouring-mills,  a  planing-mill,  and  manufactures  of 
iron,  farming-implements,  carriages,  engines  and  boilers, 
furniture,  bagging,  linseed  oil,  bricks,  &o.  Fop.  in  1880, 
9547;  in  1890,  16,841. 

Decatur,  a  post-rillage,  capital  of  Adams  co.,  Ind.,  on 
St.  Mary's  River,  21  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Fort  M'ayne, 
and  70  miles  N.  of  Richmond.  It  has  a  court-house,  2 
banks,  9  churches,  free  schools,  2  newspaper  offices,  and 
manufactures  of  wind-engines,  machinery,  butter-tubs, 
churns,  staves,  and  heading.     Pop.  in  1890,  3142. 

Decatur,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  is  traversed 
by  the  Indianapolis  <fc  Vincennes  Railroad.     Pop.  1559. 

Decatur,  a  post-village  of  Decatur  co.,  Iowa,  in  a  town- 
ship of  the  same  name,  6  miles  W.  of  Leon,  and  about  65 
miles  S.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  2  churches.  The  township 
is  drained  by  the  Crooked  Fork  of  Grand  River.  Pop.  in 
1890,  215;  of  the  township,  890. 

Decatur,  a  post-hamlet  of  Decatur  co.,  Kansas. 

Decatur,  a  post-village  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  24  miles  S.W,  of  Kalama- 
zoo, and  116  miles  E.  of  Chicago.  It  has  7  churches,  a 
bank,  a  foundry,  a  measure-factory,  a  novelty-works,  a  gris-t- 
mill,  2  grain-elevators,  and  manufactures  of  staves,  Ac.  A 
weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.  Pop.  in  1890,  1109; 
of  the"  township,  1789. 

Decatur,  a  small  post-village  of  Newton  co.,  Miss., 
about  70  miles  E.  by  N.  from  Jackson.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  tannery. 

Decatur,  a  hamlet  of  Cole  co.,  Mo.,  in  Moreau  town- 
ship, 13  miles  S.  of  Centretown  Railroad  Station,  which  is 
15  miles  W.  of  Jefferson  City.  It  has  a  smelting-furnaoe 
for  lead,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Decatur,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Burt  co.,  Neb., 
on  the  Missouri  River,  10  miles  fromOnawa,  Iowa,  and  about 
60  miles  N.  by  W.  from  Omaha.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
a  graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  593. 

Decatur,  a  post-hamlet  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Decatur 
township,  about  54  miles  W.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  741. 

Decatur,  a  post-village  in  Byrd  township.  Brown  co., 
0.,  about  50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  seminary,  and  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  204, 

Decatur,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.  Pop.  1761. 
It  contains  Centre  Station,  and  has  important  iron-works. 

Decatur,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  0.    Pop.  1437. 

Decatur,  a  township  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.  It  has  mines 
of  bituminous  coal,  and  is  traversed  by  the  Tyrone  &  Clear- 
field Railroad.     Pop.  1461. 

Decatur,  a  post-township  of  MiflSinco.,  Pa.,  intersected 
by  the  railroad  connecting  Lewistown  with  Selin's  Grove. 
It  has  0  churches,  and  manufactures  of  leather  and  lumber. 
P.  1171.     Decatur  Post-Ofiice  is3i  miles  from  Paintcrsville. 

Decatur,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Meigs  co.,  Tenn.,  2 
miles  S.E.  of  the  Tennessee  River,  13  miles  W.  from  Athens, 
and  about  45  miles  N.E.  of  Chattanooga.  It  has  2  churches 
and  an  academy. 

Decatur,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wise  co.,  Te.\.,  40 
miles  from  Fort  Worth,  and  about  65  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Dallas.  It  has  a  court-house,  5  churches,  2  banks,  2  col- 
leges, a  cottonseed-oil-mill,  3  newspaper  offices,  water-works, 
electric  lights  and  an  ice-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  1746. 

Decatur,  a  township  of  Green  co.,  Wis.  Pop.  685,  ex- 
clusive of  Brodhead. 

Decatur  Junction,  a  station  in  Limestone  co.,  Ala., 
on  tlie  N.  bank  of  the  Tennessee  River,  2  miles  N.E.  of 
Decatur,  is  the  point  where  the  Nashville  &  Decatur  Rail- 
road joins  the  Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad. 

Decatur  Junction,  a  station  in  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Tyrone  A  Clearfield  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  a  branch 
extending  to  certain  coal-mines.  It  is  about  25  miles  S.E. 
of  Clearfield. 

Deca'turville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Camden  co.,  Mo.,  about 
18  miles  N.  of  Lebanon.     It  has  a  church. 

Decaturville,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Decatur  co., 
Tenn.,  5  miles  W.  of  the  Tennessee  River,  and  about  8 
miles  S.W.  of  Perryville,  which  is  50  miles  by  rail  E.  of 
Jackson.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a 
seminary.     Pop.  about  600. 


Decazeville,  d^h-kizVeel',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Aveyron,  19  miles  N.E.  of  Villefranche,  with  extensive  iron- 
forges  and  manufactures  of  bar-iron  and  rails.     Pop.  5968. 

Deccan,  or  Dekkan,  dSk'kan  (Sanscrit,  iJacMna, 
dik-shee'nA,  "  the  south"),  a  term  formerly  applied  to  the 
whole  of  India  S.  of  the  Nerbudda,  but  later  limited  to 
the  country  between  that  river  and  the  Kistnah,  or  from 
lat.  16°  to  23°  N.,  and  comprising  Gundwanah,  Orissa, 
the  Northern  Circars,  Candeish,  Berar,  Beeder,  Hyderabad, 
Aurungabad,  and  Bojapoor.  It  is  often  employed  to  desig- 
nate the  central  elevated  plateau  of  these  regions.  The 
Deccan  is  now  chiefly  under  direct  British  control,  but  the 
name  is  not  officially  used. 

Deccan,  dSk'kan,  or  Dukkinshahabazpoor,  diik- 
kin-shi-hi-biz-poor',  written  also  Dakshin  (dak^shin') 
Shahbazpnr,  or  Shah'baz'poor'  Island,  a  large 
island  of  the  Backergunge  district,  Bengal,  in  the  Bay  of 
Bengal,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Meghna.  It  is  over  30 
miles  long,  and  is  very  populous. 

Decern  Pagi,  the  ancient  name  of  Dieuze. 

Decep'tion  Island,  near  South  Shetland,  in  the  Ant- 
arctic Ocean,  lat.  02°  55'  6"  S.,  Ion.  60°  35'  W.,  is  volcanic, 
with  a  deep  lake  5  miles  in  circumference,  and  hot  springs 
the  temperature  of  whose  water  is  140°  Fahr. 

Dccetia,  the  ancient  name  of  Decize. 

De  Cewsville,  d§h  suz'vil,  a  post-village  in  Ilaldi- 
mand  co.,  Ontario,  3  miles  from  Cayuga.     Pop.  100. 

Decherd,  deck'erd,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  82  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Nashville,  and  3  miles  N.E.  of  Winchester.  It  is 
the  N.E.  terminus  of  the  AVinchester  A  Alabama  Railroad, 
and  has  3  churches,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  6  stores.  Pop. 
in  1880,  1008;  in  1890,  725. 

De  Chien  Bayou,  d?h  sheen  (Fr.  pron.  d^h  she-4ii<»') 
bi'oo,  in  the  W.  part  of  Kentucky,  flows  westward  through 
the  S.  part  of  Hickman  co.  into  the  Mississippi  River. 

Dechkin,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Deshkin. 

Decimomannu,  di*che-mo-mS,n-noo',  a  village  in  the 
island  of  Sardinia,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Cagliari,  at  the  conflu- 
ence of  the  Santaliana  and  the  Mannu. 

Decize,  deh-seez'  (anc.  Dece'tia),  a  town  of  Franco, 
department  of  Nievro,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Nevers.  Pop.  3547. 
It  is  situated  on  an  island  in  the  Loire,  whose  summit  is 
crowned  by  an  old  castle  of  the  Dukes  of  Nevers.  Decize 
has  extensive  iron-works,  also  glass-works.  The  coal-mines 
in  the  neighborhood  are  among  the  richest  in  France. 

Deck'ard,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  in  Wayne 
township,  about  12  miles  S.E.  of  Meadville.  It  has  3 
churches  and  several  saw-mills. 

Deckendorf,  a  town  of  Bavaria.    See  Deggendorf. 

Deck'er,  a  township  of  Richland  oc,  111.,  bounded  S.W. 
by  the  Little  Wabash.     Pop.  971. 

Decker,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  Ind.,  has  the  AVabash 
on  the  W.  and  the  White  River  on  the  S.E.  Pop.  837.  It 
contains  Decker's  Station. 

Decker's,  a  station  in  Ozaukee  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  Mil- 
waukee, Lake  Shore  A  Western  Railroad,  31  miles  N.  of 
Milwaukee. 

Decker's  Dock,  a  hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Delaware  River,  i  mile  from  Pond  Eddy  Station  of  the  Erie 
Railroad.     Here  is  a  bridge  over  the  river. 

Decker's  Point,  a  post-village  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.,  10 
miles  (direct)  S.S.W.  of  Glen  Campbell,  and  12  miles  (di- 
rect)  N.N.E.  of  Indiana.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour- 
mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Deck'ertown,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Sussex 
CO.,  N.J.,  14  miles  (direct)  N.  by  E.  of  Newton,  10  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Ogdensburg,  and  14  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Swarts- 
wood.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  foundry,  a  plough- 
factory,  2  flour-mills,  machine-shops,  steam  saw-  and 
planingmills,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  1500. 

Deck'erville,  a  post-village  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mich.,  46 
miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Port  Huron.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  bank,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  about  350. 

Declez'ville,  a  post-village  of  San  Bernardino  co., 
Cal.,  10  miles  S.W.  of  San  Bernardino.  It  has  marble-  and 
granite-works. 

Deco'rah,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Winneshiek  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Upper  Iowa  River,  the  terminus  of  the  De- 
corah  division  of  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern 
Railroad,  and  of  the  Decorah  Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  118  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Cedar 
Rapids,  and  90  miles  N.W.  of  Dubuque.  Here  is  the  Nor- 
wegian Luther  College  (Lutheran),  which  was  founded  in 
1861  and  has  about  400  students  annually.  Decorah  con- 
tains 8  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  several 
flouring-mills,  a  paper-mill,  a  wind-mill  factory,  a  furni- 


980 


1014 


DKS 


tnr^-fketory,  bntUnr-tab  works,  and  »  larg*  onuamj.  It 
luM  2  KBj(U»b  and  3  Norwegiiui  newspaper  offloM.  Pop. 
in  1890,2801. 

Deoo'ra  Prairie^  pri'rec,  a  poit-offloe  of  Trempealeau 
«o..  WU.,  3  railee  £.  of  Ualevville. 

Deoo'riat  a  township  of  blue  Earth  oo.,  Minn.   P.  lUll. 

Decot'tat  or  Daoua'ta,  a  |M>8t-hauilet  of  Atlantic  oo., 
U.J.,  on  the  Camden  A  Atlantic  and  Philadelphia  <!;  Atlan- 
Ue  City  Railroads,  'A3  milts  8.E.  of  Philadelphia. 

Deeo'tO)  a  port- villus  of  Alameda  eo.,  Cul.,  27  miles  by 
f»U  S.E.  of  San  Fronoisro.  liect-roising  is  tlie  chief  indus- 
try ;  iton^breaking  is  also  carried  on.  It  is  the  seat  of 
the  Leiand  StanfoH,  Jr.,  University.     Pop.  about  250. 

DeeSf  daiteh,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Tolna,  near 
Battassek.     Pop.  2375. 

Doctimanuin,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Dicomano. 

Dcd'dingtoiit  a  town  of  England,  oo.  and  16  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Oxford.  It  has  endowed  almshouses  and  brew- 
erics  of  excellent  ale.     Pop.  of  parish,  2061. 

Dede  Agatch,  d&^di-&-g&tch',  written  also  DegeB' 
f  hatch,  Dege  Agh,  and  Dededjatch,  a  seaport  town 
of  European  Turkey,  on  the  JEgean,  92  miles  by  rail  S.  by 
W.  of  Adrianople,  and  the  southern  terminus  of  the  rail- 
way from  Adrianople  and  Philippopolig.  Lat.  40°  50  N.; 
Ion.  25°  55'  E.     It  has  a  large  export  trade. 

Dedeleben,  di-d^h-li'b^n  (Uross,  groce.  and  Klbin, 
kline),  two  adjncoat  villii<;es  of  Prussia,  about  60  miles 
W.S.AV.  of  Magdeburg.     Pop.  1944. 

Dedham,  ded'am,  a  po>t-rillage  of  Carroll  co.,  Iowa, 
14  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Manning.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
and  a  high  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  273. 

Dcdham,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Hancock  co., 
Me.,  S  miles  S.E.  of  Bangor. 

Dedham,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass., 
is  on  Charles  River,  in  Dedhnm  township,  and  on  branches 
of  the  Providence  Branch  of  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Boston,  the  branches  extending  to  Forest 
Hills,  to  Readville,  and  to  West  Roxbury.  It  has  also  a 
station  on  a  branch  of  the  New  York  <fc  New  England  Rail- 
road. It  has  a  handsome  court-house,  6  churches,  a  na- 
tional bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  public  library,  a  high  school, 
2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactories  of  woollen  goods, 
chocolates,  and  cocoas.  This  is  the  native  place  of  Fisher 
Ames.     Pop.  of  the  township,  in  1890,  7123. 

Dedilova,  or  Dedilowa,  di-de-lo'vi,  a  town  of  Rus- 
sia, government  and  20  miles  S.E.  of  Toola. 

Dcdjoochin,  or  Dedjuchin,  ded-yoo'chin,  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  110  miles  N.  of  Perm.     Pop.  3554. 

Dee,  a  river  in  Wales,  rises  in  Lake  Bala,  co.  of  Merio- 
neth, flows  between  the  county  of  Denbigh  on  the  W.  and 
Flintshire  and  Cheshire  on  the  E.,  passing  Chester,  to  an 
estuary,  by  which  it  communicates  with  the  Irish  Sea.  Total 
course,  70  miles. 

])ee,  a  river  of  Scotland,  oo.  of  Aberdeen,  rises  in  the 
Cairngorm  Mountains,  and  flows,  with  a  generally  E.  course, 
to  the  North  Sea  at  Aberdeen.  Total  course,  9fi  miles.  Its 
•alinon-fishery  is  one  of  the  most  valuable  in  Scotland. 
Balmoral  is  on  its  banks. 

Dee,  a  river  of  Scotland,  flows  southward,  and  enters 
Sol  way  Firth  below  Kirkcudbright.     Length,  50  miles. 

Deeds'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Union  township,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Pern  &  Chicago  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  N.  of  Peru. 

Deedsville,  a  hamlet  of  Iowa.     See  Mkrrimac. 

Deeg,  a  town  and  fortress  of  India,  57  miles  N.W.  of 
Agra.     There  are  here  the  ruins  of  7  remarkably  fine  palaees. 

Dcegoa,  de-go'i,  a  large  walled  town  of  Bornoo,  in  Cen- 
tral Africa,  60  miles  S.  of  Kooka.     Pop.  30,()00(?). 

Decl,  a  river  of  Ireland,  rises  in  the  Orrery  Mountains, 
and  flows  into  the  Shannon. 

Dccn,  a  river  of  England.    Sec  Dfan. 

Deep  Bottom,  a  hamlet  in  Henrico  oo.,  Va.,  on  the 
N.  side  of  James  River,  12  miles  by  land  and  20  by  water 
below  Richmond,  opposite  Jones'  Neck.  It  was  an  impor- 
tant strategic  point  during  a  part  of  the  war  of  1861-65. 

Deep  Brook,  or  Clem'ents  West,  a  post-village 
in  Annapolis  co..  Nova  Scotia,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Annapolis. 
Pop.  100. 

Deep  Clove  Creek,  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  rises  at  the 
g.E.  base  of  the  Blue  Mountain,  and  enters  the  Wallkill 
River  a  little  below  Deckcrtown. 

Deep  Creek,  of  Indiana,  runs  eastward  and  north- 
ward, in  Lake  co.,  and  enters  the  Calumet  River. 

Deep  Creek,  of  North  Carolina,  flown  into  tho  Tar 
River  a  few  miles  aboTe  Tarborongh. 

Deep  C^reek,  of  Anderson  eo.,  S.C.,  enters  the  Kiowee 
River  a  few  miles  from  its  mouth. 


Deep  Creek,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa.  P.  987 
It  is  traverseii  by  tho  railroad  from  Clinton  to  Anamoea. 

Deep  Creek,  a  post-ofBce  of  Anson  oo.,  N.C. 

Deep  Creek,  a  hamlet  of  Chesterfield  oo.,  S.C,  18 
miles  W.  of  Cheniw. 

Deep  Creek,  Texas.    See  Callahan. 

Deep  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Norfolk  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Dismal  Swamp  Canal,  10  miles  S.  of  Norfolk.  It  has 
4  churches  and  a  iuinbcr-mill. 

Deep  Creek  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Spokane  co., 
Afashington,  10  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Cheney.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  lamber-mill.     Pop.  200. 

Deep  River,  of  North  Carolina,  was  called  Sappo- 
nah  by  the  Indians.  It  rises  in  Guilford  oo.,  runs  in  a 
8.S.E.  direction  through  Randolph  co.,  and  subsequently, 
flowing  nearly  eastward,  it  unites  with  the  Haw  River  at 
Haywood  in  Chatham  co.,  forming  by  this  union  the  Cape 
Fear  River.  The  length  of  the  Deep  River  is  estimated  at 
130  miles.     Coal  is  found  on  its  banks  in  Chatham  co. 

Deep  Kiver,  apost-village  in  S.iybrook  township,  Mid- 
dlesex CO.,  Conn.,  is  near  the  W.  bank  of  the  Connecticut 
River,  34  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hartford,  and  about  20  miles  W. 
of  New  London.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  a  national 
bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  newspaper  oflioe,  and  manufactures 
of  combs,  ivory  goods,  piano  and  organ  key-boards,  and 
wood-turning.     Pop.  about  1200. 

Deep  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  in  Ross 
township,  on  Deep  Creek,  about  10  miles  W.  of  Valparaiso. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Deep  River,  a  post-village  in  Deep  River  township, 
Poweshiek  co.,  Iowa,  70  miles  E.  of  Des  Moines.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1055. 

Deep  River,  a  post-village  in  Deep  River  township, 
Bay  CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Jackson,  Lansing  &  Saginaw  Rail- 
road, 32  miles  N.  of  Bay  City.  It  has  a  large  lumber-mill 
and  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  266. 

Deep  River,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Guilford 
CO.,  N.C,  on  the  Deep  River,  6  miles  E.  of  High  Point.  It 
has  a  tannery  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  1071. 

Deep  Run,  a  post-office  of  Lenoir  co.,  N.C. 

Deep  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co..  Pa.,  6  milei 
E.  by  S.  of  Bellton,  W.Va. 

Deep  Water,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co..  Mo.,  7  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Clinton.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  2  news- 
paper oflRces,  and  manufactures  of  sewer-pipe.  Potter's 
and  brick-clay  and  coal  are  found  here.     Pop.  1102. 

Deep  Water,  W.Va.     See  Loop  Creek. 

Deep  Water  Creek,  Missouri,  rises  in  Bates  co.,  runs 
E.,  and  enters  Grand  River  in  the  S.  part  of  Henry  co. 

Deep  Wells,  a  station  in  Eureka  co.,  Nev.,  on  the 
Eureka  &  Palisade  Railroad,  43  miles  S.  of  Palisade. 

Deer,  a  town  of  Nubia.     See  Derr. 

Deer,  or  Old  Deer,  written  also  Deir,  a  village  of 
Scotland,  CO.  and  25  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Aberdeen.  Pop.  311; 
of  the  parish,  5085.  It  has  relics  of  an  old  Cistercian  mon- 
astery, which  gave  name  to  the  "  Book  of  Deir,"  a  work 
important  to  students  of  Gaelic  philology.    See  New  Drbr. 

Deer  Brook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Noxubee  co.,  Miss.,  6 
miles  E.  of  Brookville.     It  h:xs  several  stores. 

Deer  Creek,  California,  runs  southwcstward  in  Te- 
hama  co.,  and  enters  the  Sacramento  River  about  18  miles 
below  Red  Bluff. 

Deer  Creek,  Indiana,  drains  part  of  Miami  co.,  runs 
westward  through  Cass  co.,  and  enters  the  Wabash  River  1 
or  2  miles  S.W.  of  Delphi. 

Deer  Creek,  Maryland,  runs  southeastward  and  east- 
ward, intersects  Harford  co.,  and  enters  the  Susquehanna 
River  about  7  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Deer  Creek,  Mississippi.     See  Is-saquena  Creek. 

Deer  Creek,  Ohio,  runs  southeastward  through  Madi- 
son and  Pickaway  cos.,  and  enters  the  Scioto  River  in  Ross 
CO.,  12  miles  N.  of  Chillicothe.     It  is  nearly  80  miles  long. 

Deer  Creek,  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  enters  the  Alle- 
ghany River  a  few  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Deer  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Taeewcll  co..  111.,  in 
Deer  Creek  township,  about  15  miles  S.E.  of  Peoria.  Tho 
township  is  drained  by  the  Mackinaw  River.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  763. 

Deer  Creek,  or  West  Sono'ra,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Carroll  co.,  Ind.,  on  Deer  Creek,  in  AVashington  township,  10 
miles  S.  of  Logansport. 

Deer  Creek,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.,  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  the  Wabash  River,  and  traversed  by  Deer 
Creek.     Pop.,  including  Delphi,  3458. 

Deer  Creek,  a  township  uf  Cass  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  1271. 

Deer  Creek,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.,  traversed 
by  the  Indianapolis,  Peru  &  Chicago  Railroad.     Pop.  1173. 


DEE 


1015 


DEE 


Deer  Creek,  a  post-oflSco  of  Fremont  eo.,  Iowa. 

Deer  Creek,  a  township  of  Mills  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  698. 

Deer  Creek,  a  township  of  Webster  co.,  Iowa.   P.  301. 

Deer  Creek,  a  township  of  Worth  co.,  Iowa.   Pop.  342. 

Deer  Creek,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  Kansas.    P.  793. 

Deer  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Carter  co.,  Ky. 

Deer  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  10  miles 
from  Aberdeen. 

Deer  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  Mich., 
in  Deorfield  township,  9  miles  S.  of  Gaines  Station.  It  has 
a  flour-mill  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Deer  Creek,  a  township  of  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn.     P.  47. 

Deer  Creek,  a  township  of  Bates  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1057. 

Deer  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Neb.,  about 
50  miles  N.N.W.  of  Columbus. 

Deer  Creek,  a  township  of  Madison  eo.,  0.  Pop.  823. 
It  contains  Lafayette. 

Deer  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pickaway  co.,  0.,  about 
28  miles  S.S.W.  of  Columbus.  Pop.  of  Deer  Creek  town- 
Bhip,  1458. 

Deer  Creek,  a  township  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.     Pop.  679. 

Deer  Creek,  a  station  in  Utah  eo.,  Utah,  on  the  Amer- 
ican Fork  Railroad,  16  miles  N.E.  of  American  Fork.  It 
is  the  present  terminus  of  the  road. 

Deer  Creek,  a  township  of  Outagamie  co.,  AVis.    P.  310. 

Deer'field,  a  river  of  Vermont,  rises  in  AVindham  co., 
in  the  8.  part  of  the  state,  and  falls  into  the  Connecticut 
River  near  Qreeniield,  Mass.  It  is  nearly  100  miles  long, 
and  affords  much  water-power. 

Deerfield,  a  township  of  Fulton  co..  111.,  bounded  W. 
by  Spoon  River.     Pop.  907. 

Deerfield,  a  post-village  in  Deerfield  township,  Lake 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Milwaukee  Railroad,  24  miles  N. 
of  Chicago.  It  has  2  churches.  This  township  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  Lake  Michigan,  and  contains  a  village  named 
llighland  Park.     Pop.  of  township,  1525. 

Deerfield,  a  post-village  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Mississinewa  River,  about  1  mile  from  Deerfield  Station, 
which  is  on  the  railroad  between  Hartford  and  Union  City, 
8  miles  N.  of  Winchester,  and  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Union 
City.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Deerfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chickasaw  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Deerfield  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Wapsipinicon  River, 
about  12  miles  N.E.  of  Charles  City.  It  has  a  church.  Pop. 
of  township,  710. 

Deerfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kearney  co.,  Kansas,  8 
miles  by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Lakin.     It  has  a  store,  &c. 

Deerfield,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Deerfield  tow i  ship,  on  or  near  the  Deerfield  River,  and  on 
the  Connecticut  River  Railroad,  33  miles  N.  of  Springfield, 
and  3  or  4  milts  S.  of  Greenfield.  It  contains  the  Deerfield 
Academy  and  High  School,  and  2  churches.  This  town- 
ship is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Connecticut  River,  and  is 
also  traversed  by  the  Troy  &  Greenfield  Railroad.  It  con- 
tains a  portion  of  Greenfield  village,  also  a  village  named 
South  Deerfield,  and  has  7  churches  and  a  manufactory  of 
pocket-books.     Pop.  in  1890,  2910. 

Deerfield,  a  towhship  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  1072. 

Deerfield,  a  post-village  of  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Deerfield  township,  on  the  Lake  Shore  <fc  Michigan  South- 
ern Railroad  wh«re  it  crosses  the  Chicago  <fe  Canada  South- 
«rn  Railroad,  13  miles  E.  of  Adrian.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
graded  school,  a  flouring-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  manufac- 
tures of  lumber  and  staves.  Pop.  of  village  in  1890,  421; 
of  the  township,  1548. 

Deerfield,  a  township  of  Livingston  CO.,  Mich.  P.  1072. 

Deerfield,  a  township  of  Mecosta  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
1260.     It  contains  the  village  of  Morley. 

Deerfield,  a  township  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.,  on 
Lake  Michigan.  Pop.  860.  Deerfield  Station  is  at  Mc- 
Donald, in  Bangor  township. 

Deerfield,  a  post-township  of  Steele  co.,  Minn.,  10  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Faribault.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  793. 

Deerfield,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Vernon  co.. 
Mo.,  on  the  Marmiton  River,  and  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas 
<fc  Te.\as  Railroad,  11  miles  E.  of  Fort  Scott,  Kansas.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  graded  school,  general  stores,  and  a  manu- 
factory of  stone-ware  and  pottery.     Pop.  in  1890,  239. 

Deerfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fergus  co.,  Montana,  15 
miles  (direct)  N.  by  W.  of  Lewistown. 

Deerfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Deerfield  township,  about  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Concord.  The 
township  is  hilly.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  and 
manufactures  of  sash,  blinds,  <fec.  Pop.  of  the  township, 
1220.     It  contains  a  hamlet  named  Deerfield  Centre. 

Deerfield,  or  Deerfield  Corners,  a  post-village 
in  Deerfield  township,  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Mohawk 


River,  about  2  miles  N.E.  of  Utica.  It  has  2  or  3  churches, 
a  varnish -factory,  and  a  wagon-shop.  Here  is  Deerfield 
Post-Office.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2104. 

Deerfield,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  0.  Pop.  981. 
It  contains  Triadelphia. 

Deerfield,  a  post-village  in  Deerfield  township.  Portage 
CO.,  0.,  about  25  miles  N.E.  of  Canton.  It  has  3  churches. 
The  township  has  3  grist-mills,  4  saw-mills,  and  a  pop.  of  1025. 

Deerfield,  a  township  of  Ross  co.,  0.  Pop.  1223.  It 
contains  the  villages  of  Greenland  and  Clarksburg. 

Deerfield,  a  township  of  Warren  eo.,  0.  Pop.  1965. 
It  contains  Twenty-Mile  Stand  and  Mason. 

Deerfield,  a  village  in  Union  township,  Warren  co., 
0.,  on  the  Little  Miami  River,  6  miles  S.  of  Lebanon. 
Pop.  274. 

Deerfield,  a  township  of  Tioga  co..  Pa.,  on  the  New 
York  line.     Pop.  665,  exclusive  of  Knoxville. 

Deerfield,  a  township  of  Warren  co..  Pa.,  in  the  oil- 
region,  on  the  W.  of  the  Alleghany  River,  is  traversed  by  the 
Alleghany  Valley  Railroad.  It  contains  Tidioute,  Fagun- 
dus,  and  Enterprise.     Pop.  2324,  exclusive  of  Tidioute. 

Deerfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  about  20 
miles  W.  of  Staunton. 

Deerfield,  a  post-village  of  Dane  co..  Wis.,  in  Deerfield 
township,  18  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Madison.  It  has  a  church, 
a  high  school,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  wagon- 
factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  338  ;  of  the  township,  1573. 

Deerfield  Centre,  Michigan.     See  Madison. 

Deerfield  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham  eo., 
N.IL,  in  Deerfield  township,  about  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Con- 
cord. It  has  3  churches,  district  schools,  and  manufactures 
of  doors,  sash,  and  blinds,  and  shoes.    Pop.  of  township,  1220. 

Deerfield  Corners,  New  York.    See  Deerfield. 

Deerfield  Street,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co., 
N.J.,  6  miles  (direct)  N.  of  Bridgeton.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  canning-factory,  and  a  seminary.     Pop.  about  500. 

Deer  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Whiteside  co.,  111.,  on 
the  Mendota  &  Clinton  Railroad,  32  miles  W.  of  Mendota. 

Deer'ing,  a  post-township  of  Cumberland  co..  Me., 
adjoining  Portland,  is  on  the  Maine  Central,  Portland  & 
Rochester,  Portland  &  Ogdensburg,  and  Portland  Horse  Rail- 
roads. It  contains  Steven's  Plains,  East  Deering,  Stroud- 
water,  Woodford's  Corners  and  other  villages,  and  is  the 
seat  of  extensive  and  varied  manufactures.     Pop.  5353. 

Deering,  a  post-township  of  Hillsborough  co.,  N.H., 
about  18  miles  S.W.  of  Concord.  It  has  an  academy  and 
2  churches.     Pop.  722. 

Deering  Point,  a  hamlet  of  Cumberland  co..  Me.,  in 
Deering  township,  on  Casco  Bay.  It  is  connected  with 
Portland  by  a  bridge. 

Deering's,  a  station  in  Greenup  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Eastern  Kentucky  Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of  Riverton. 

Deer  Island,  New  Brunswick,  is  in  Passamaquoddy 
Bay,  near  its  entrance,  on  the  S.W.  side.  It  is  about  7 
miles  long  and  3  miles  broad.    Pop.  1000.    See  FAinHAVE.v. 

Deer  Island,  a  small  island  of  Newfoundland,  12 
miles  from  Burgeo.     Pop.  59. 

Deer  Island,  one  of  a  group  in  the  district  of  Bona- 
vista,  Newfoundland,  7  miles  from  Green's  Pond.     Pop.  77. 

Deer  Island,  an  island  of  Ireland,  on  the  W.  shore  of 
the  estuary  of  the  Fergus,  about  6  miles  below  Clare. 

Deer  Island,  in  the  harbor  of  Boston,  Mass.,  contains 
the  Boston  Almshouse,  a  house  of  reformation,  house  of 
industry,  Ac.     Pop.  1001. 

Deer  Islands,  two  small  islands  in  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago, in  Macassar  Strait.     Lat.  5°  9'  S. ;  Ion.  119°  14'  E. 

Deer  Isle,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co..  Me.,  is  in 
Doer  Isle  township,  on  Penobscot  Bay,  about  28  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Rockland.  It  has  a  high  school  and  2  churches. 
The  township  is  an  island  nearly  10  miles  long,  with  two 
smaller  islands  and  some  islets.  Many  of  its  inhabitants 
are  employed  in  the  fisheries.  It  contains  the  village  of 
Green's  Landing,  and  has  5  churches.     Pop.  3414. 

Deer  Lick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Williams  co.,  0.,  11  miles 
N.  of  Bryan. 

Deer  Lick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mason  co.,  W.  Va.,  about 
25  miles  S.E.  of  Gallipolis,  0.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a 
saw-mill. 

Deer  Lodge,  a  large  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Mon- 
tana, is  drained  by  the  Hell  Gate,  Teton,  Sun,  and  Black- 
foot  Rivers.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  and  this  county 
is  situated  on  the  summit  and  both  sides  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains.  Here  are  extensive  prairies  adapted  to  pas- 
turage. The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile,  but  is  mostly 
uncultivated,  and  the  prosperity  of  the  people  is  chiefly 
derived  from  gold-mines  (hydraulic  and  placer).  Capital, 
Deer  Lodge  City.     Large  forests  of  fir  and  pine  grow  on 


DEE 


1016 


DBI 


the  moonUin*.  Tho  fertile  Tatloy  of  Deer  Lodge  River  ii 
•bout  40  mile*  long.  Are*,  6086  aquare  milei.  Capital, 
Deer  Lodge  City.  Pop.  in  1870,  4367;  in  ISSO,  8876;  in 
1890,  16,166. 

Deer  Lodfe*  a  post-village  of  Morgnn  eo.,  Tenn.,  10 
nilea  hy  rail  N.  by  \V.  of  Wartburg.  It  has  i  oliurcheD, 
a  distriot  sohuol,  a  nownpaper  oflSoe,  and  lumber-millii. 

Deer  JLodge  City»  the  capital  of  Deer  Lodge  co,, 
Montana,  on  Deer  Lodge  River,  40  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W. 
of  Butte  City.  Oold  and  rilvor  are  its  staple  products.  It 
hae  4  cliurches,  a  Presbyterian  college,  a  bank,  2  news- 
paper oflicos,  and  a  Catholic  school  and  hospital.  Pop.  in 
1800,  14R3. 

Deer  Lodge  Creek*  Montana,  rises  in  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  in  the  S.  part  of  Deer  Lodge  co.,  runs  north- 
ward, and  forms  part  of  the  Hell  Gate  River. 

Deer  Park,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Mobile  A  Ohio  Railroad,  41  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mobile. 
It  has  an  academy,  2  churches,  and  saw-  and  planing-mills. 

Deer  Park,  a  post-towni'hip  of  La  Salle  co.,  HI.,  about 
7  miles  S.W.  of  OtUwa.    It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  802. 

Deer  Park,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  uf  Gar- 
rett CO.,  Md.,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  47  miles 
S.W.  of  Cumberland,  and  226  miles  from  Baltimore.  It  has 
a  church,  and  a  superior  hotel  built  by  tho  railroad  com- 
pany.   It  is  about  3000  feet  above  the  sea-lcvol. 

Deer  Park,  a  township  of  Onmge  co.,  N.Y.,  contiguous 
to  Port  Jorvis,  is  bounded  on  tho  S.W.  by  the  Delaware 
River,  is  drained  by  tho  Noversink  River,  and  is  intersected 
by  the  Erie  Railroad.     Pop.,  with  Port  Jervis,  11,115. 

Deer  Park,  a  post-hamlet  in  Babylon  township,  Suf- 
folk CO.,  K.Y.,  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  38  miles  E.  of 
Brooklyn.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  100. 

Deer  Park,  a  post-village  of  St.  Croix  co.,  Wis.,  27 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Hudson.     It  has  a  church. 

Deer  Plain,  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  co.,  III. 

Deer  Ridge,  a  post-hamlct  of  Lewis  co.,  Mo.,  7  miles 
N.  of  La  Belle  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Deer  Iliver,  a  post-village  in  Lewis  co.,  N.T.,  on  Deer 
River,  12  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Lowville.  It  has  a  church, 
a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  manufactures  of  cheese-boxes 
and  axe-handles.     Pop.  about  200. 

Deer  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pendleton  co.,  W.  Va.,  8 
miles  N.E.  of  Franklin.     It  has  a  church. 

Deers'ville,  or  Deer'ville,  a  post-village  in  Franklin 
township,  Harrison  co.,  0.,  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cadiz.  It 
has  3  courchcs,  a  tannery,  a  graded  school,  and  a  steam 
flour-mill.     Pop.  300. 

Deer  Tail  River,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Chippewa  co., 
runs  southwestward,  and  enters  the  Chippewa  River  in  the 
same  county. 

Deer  Trail,  a  post-village  of  Arapahoe  co..  Col.,  on  the 
Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  55  miles  E.  of  Denver.  It  has  3 
hotels  and  2  stores,  and  is  a  shipping-point  for  cattle. 

Deer  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Park  co..  Col.,  on  the 
Platte  River,  about  12,000  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Deer  Walk,  a  post-office  of  Wood  co.,  W.  Va. 

Decs,  dais  or  daiz,  a  town  of  Tran.sylvania,  co.  of  Szol- 
nok,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Great  and  Little  Szamos,  28 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Klausenburg.  It  is  a  depot  for  salt  raised 
in  its  vicinity,  and  has  a  gymnasium.     Pop.  5832. 

Dee'sa,  a  town  of  India.,  in  Guzcrat,  88  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Ahmedabad.  It  is  hot  and  unhealthy,  but  near  it  is  the 
fine  salubrious  retreat  of  Mount  Aboo. 

Deeth,  a  post-office  of  Elko  co.,  Nevada,  and  a  station 
«n  the  Central  Pacific  Rjiilroad,  239  miles  W.  of  Ogden. 

Dects'ville,  a  post-office  of  Elmore  co.,  Ala. 

Deli'ance,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an 
area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Maumee  River,  and  also  drained  by  tho  Auglaize  and  Tiffin 
Rivers,  which  enter  the  Maumee  in  the  E.  part  of  the 
county.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  good  timber;  the  soil  is  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  pork,  and  hay  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Wab.ish  Rail- 
road, the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  the  Cincinnati,  Jack- 
son &  Mackinaw  Railroad,  and  the  Miami  &  Erie  Canal. 
Capital,  Defiance.  Pop.  in  1870,  15,719  ;  in  1880,  22,515; 
in  1890.25,769. 

Defiance,  nn  incorporated  post-village  of  Shelby  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  West  Nirhnabatnna  River,  62  miles  by  rail 
N.E.  of  Council  Blufi"*,  and  12  miles  (direct)  N.  by  W.  of 
Harlan.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  a  high  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  323. 

Defiance,  a  village  of  Worth  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Platte 
River,  15  miles  E.  of  Hopkins.  It  has  a  fiouring-mill  and 
2  or  3  churches  in  the  vicinity. 


Defiance,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Defiance  co.,  0.,  on 
the  right  bank  of  tho  Maumee  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Auglaite,  50  miles  W.S.W.  of  Toledo,  and  48  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Fort  Wayne,  Ind.  It  has  12  churches,  a  court-house,  3 
banks,  a  union  school,  a  oollege,  a  woollon-mill,  an  iron- 
foundry,  2  flour-mills,  and  manufactories  of  farming-im- 
plements, sash,  blinds,  Ac.  Five  weekly  and  2  daily  news- 
papers are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  7694. 

De  Foe,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Ky.,  8  miles  S.K. 
of  New  Castle.     It  has  a  church,  Ac. 

De  For'est,  a  post-village  of  Warwick  oo.,  Ind.,  about 

3  n>iles  by  rail  W.  of  Boonville. 

Dc  Forest,  a  post-village  of  Dane  co.,  Wis.,  13  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Madison.  It  has  4  church  organizations,  a 
harness-  and  box-factory,  a  planing-mill,  a  feed-mill,  Ao. 
Pop.  about  230. 

De  Fu'niak  Springs,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Walton 
CO.,  Fla.,  80  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Pensacola.  It  has  2 
churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  saw-mill,  a  planing-mill, 
Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  672. 

Degagnac,  d^h-g&n^y&k',  a  town  of  France,  in  Lot,  6 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Gourdon.     Pop.  2023. 

Dege  Agh,  or  Degeaghatch.    See  Dedr  Aoatcii. 

Degcrloch,  di'gh§r-loK\  a  village  of  WUrtemberg,  ^ 
miles  S.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1867. 

Degesby,  a  town  of  Finland.     See  LowisA. 

Deggendorf,  d8g'gh§n-donf\  or  Deck'endorf\  a 
town  of  Bavaria,  on  tho  Danube,  and  on  a  railway,  29  miles 
N.W.  of  Passau.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  hospitals,  brewer- 
ies, distilleries,  tanneries,  and  potteries.     Pop.  5452. 

Dcggingcn,  dig'ghing-^n,  a  village  of  WUrtemberg, 
6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Geislingen.     Pop.  1807. 

Deghicze,  or  Dcghitche,  d&-ghce'ch4,  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  of  Vilna,  44  miles  W.N.W.  of  Yoor- 
boorg.     Pop.  1100. 

De  Glaize  Bayou,  d^b  gliz  bl'oo,  of  Avoyelles  parish, 
La.,  communicates  with  Atchafalaya  Bayou. 

Deglia,  dAl'yl,  or  Delia,  dA'le-1,  a  town  of  Sicily,  11 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Caltanisctta.     Pop.  3660. 

Degnizli,  dfin'yiz-lee',  or  Dcnizli,  dinMz-lee',  a  town 
of  Asia  Minor,  53  miles  S.E.  of  Ala-Shehr.  It  is  enclosed 
by  mountains  and  vine-clad  hills,  and  has  a  castle,  several 
mosques,  and  bazaars ;  but  it  has  never  regained  the  im- 
portance it  had  previous  to  1715,  when  it  was  destroyed  by 
an  earthquake  and  12,000  of  its  inhabitants  are  said  to 
have  perished.     Pop.  about  6000. 

Dcgo,  di'go,  a  town  of  Italy,  18  miles  S.  of  Acqui. 
Pop.  2140. 

Dego'nia,  a  township  of  Jackson  co..  111.,  on  the  Mis- 
sissippi River.     Pop.  470. 

De  Gratf,  a  post-village  of  Swift  co.,  Minn.,  in  an  open 
prairie,  on  the  St.  Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad,  127  miles  W.  of 
St.  Paul.     It  has  a  church. 

De  Graff,  a  post-village  in  Miami  township,  Logan 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Miami  River,  and  on  the  Cleveland,  Colum- 
bus &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bellcfon- 
taine,  and  about  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Piqua.     It  has  a  bank, 

4  churches,  a  union  school,  a  creamery,  a  newspaper  office, 
a  planing  mill,  and  2  grain-elevators.     Pop.  in  1890.  1 12i>. 

Dehak,d?-hik',orDohak,d9-hik',a  village  of  Persia, 
in  Irak-Ajemee,  53  miles  N.W.  of  Ispaha;i. 

Deh-i-H^ee,  di'-ee-hi'jee\  a  town  of  Afghanistan, 
20  miles  S.  of  Candahar.     Pop.  2000. 

Dehli,  a  city  of  India.    See  Delhi. 

Dehr,  a  town  of  Nubia.     See  Deuu. 

Dehra,  din'ril  or  dA'ri,  called  also  Dehra  (or  Dey- 
rah)  Doon,  dSii'rd  doon,  a  town  of  Indi.i,  capital  of 
Dehra  Doon.     Lat.  30°  19'  N. ;  Ion.  78°  5'  E.     Pop.  6847. 

Dehra  Doon  (or  Dun),  dfin'ri  doon,  a  district  of  the 
North- West  Provinces,  British  India,  division  of  Mcerut. 
Lat.  29°  57'-30°  59'  N. ;  Ion.  77°  37'  15"-78°  22'  45"  E. 
It  consists  of  the  valley  (doon)  of  Dehra  (area,  673  square 
miles),  and  of  the  hill  tract  called  Jaunsar  Bawar  (area, 
343  square  miles),  the  former  having  the  Ganges  en  the  E 
and  the  Jumna  on  the  W.     Capital,  Dehra.     Pop.  116,953. 

Dehrung,  a  district  of  Assam.     See  Durrung. 

Deibler's,  di'bl^rz,  a  station  in  Northuniberl.and  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Shamokin  Branch  of  the  Northern  Central  Rail- 
road, 9  miles  E.  of  Sunbury. 

Deidesheim,  di'des-hime',  a  town  of  Rhenish  Bava- 
ria, 4  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Neustadt-an-der-IIardt.     P.  2697. 

Dei  liUCUS,  tho  Latin  name  of  Gadebisch. 

Deinum ,  di'niim,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Fries- 
land,  3  miles  W.  of  Leeuwarden.     Pop.  400. 

Deir,  or  Dair,  dAr  or  dir,  an  Arabian  word  signifying 
a  "monastery,"  forming  the  name  or  the  prefix  to  the 
names  of  various  places  in  Palestine  and  Egypt. 


DEI 


1017 


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Deir,  or  Der,  dir,  a  town  in  Asiatic  Turkey,  on  the 

Euphrates,  near  35°  10'  N.  lat. 

Dcir,  a  villiige  of  Scotland.     See  Dekr. 

Dcira,  dA'ri,  a  river  and  plain  of  Persia,  in  Khoozis- 
tan^ — the  river  an  affluent  of  the  Ilohvan  River,  S.W.  of 
Zohab,  and  the  plain  it  traverses  the  place  of  a  brceding- 
Btud  famous  throughout  Persia. 

Deira,  di'ri  or  dil'ri,  the  name  of  one  of  the  two  sov- 
ereignties into  which  the  Anglo-Saxon  kingdom  of  North- 
umberland was  divided. 

Deir-el-Kamer  (or  -Kammcr),  dir-Sl-kim'^r,  or 
Dair-el-Kamar,  dir-61-kim'ar,  in  Syria,  14  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Boyroot,  on  the  road  to  Damascus,  is  the  chief  town  of 
the  Western  Druses. 

Deiroot,  or  Deirut,  di-root',  a  town  of  Lower  Egypt, 
province  and  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rosetta,  on  the  W.  bank  of 
the  Nile. 

Deisslingen,  dis'ling-?n,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg, 
Black  Forest,  35  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  TUbingen.    Pop.  1810. 

Dejebel,  a  province  of  Arabia.     See  Jebel. 

Dejtar,  diHan',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co,  of  Neograd, 
5  miles  from  Balassa-Gyarmath.     Pop.  1200. 

De  Kalb,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Alabama,  bor- 
dering on  Georgia,  has  an  area  of  about  700  square  miles. 
It  is  drained  by  several  small  affluents  of  the  Tennessee 
River  and  by  Wills  Creek.  The  surface  is  diversified  by 
picturesque  scenery.  Among  the  prominent  features  is  a 
ridge  called  Lookout  Mountain,  between  which  and  another 
ridge  is  the  long  fertile  valley  of  Wills  Creek.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Queen  &  Crescent  Route  Railroad,  which  passes 
through  Fort  Payne,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  7126;  in 
1880,  12,675;  in  1890,  21,106. 

De  Kaib,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  Geor- 
gia, has  an  area  of  about  300  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  the  Chattahoochee  River,  and  is  also  drained 
by  the  South  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating,  and 
extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  much  admired  Stone 
Mountain,  which  is  about  2200  feet  high,  is  in  this  county. 
Indian  corn,  cotton,  and  wheat  are  the  staple  products. 
Granite  is  abundant  here.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
the  Georgia  Railroad,  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad, 
and  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad,  the 
former  passing  through  Decatur,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
Pop.  in  1870,  10,014;  in  1880,  14,497;  in  1S90,  17,189. 

De  Kalb,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an 
area  of  648  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Sycamore  Creek 
or  South  Kishwaukee  River.  The  surface  is  undulating; 
the  soil  is  very  fertile.  The  prairies  of  this  county  are 
more  extensive  than  the  woodlands.  Indian  corn,  oats, 
wheat,  hay,  barley,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern,  Chi- 
cago, St.  Paul  &  Kansas  City,  and  other  railroads,  the 
two  named  passing  through  Sycamore,  the  capital.  Pop, 
in  1870,  23,265;  in  1880,  26,768;  in  1890,  27,066. 

De  Kalb,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Indiana,  bor- 
dering on  Ohio,  has  an  area  of  360  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  St.  Joseph  River  (branch  of  the  Maumee) 
and  by  Cedar  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly 
level,  and  nearly  one-half  of  it  is  covered  with  forests,  in 
which  the  ash,  beech,  white  oak,  and  sugar-maple  abound  ; 
the  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and  jiork 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana 
Railroad,  the  Wabash  Railroad,  and  the  Lake  Shore  <k 
Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  the  two  latter  communicating 
with  Auburn,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870, 
17,167;  in  1880,  20,225;  in  1890,  24,307. 

De  Kalb,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Missouri,  has 
an  area  of  about  450  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Grindstone  Fork  of  Grand  River,  and  by  Livingston  and 
Maiden  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level ; 
the  soil  is  fertile.  This  county  has  extensive  prairies,  and 
is  liberally  supplied  with  hard  timber  and  building-stone. 
Indian  corn,  oats,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy, 
Hannibal  <fc  St.  Joseph,  and  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  <fc 
Council  Bluffs  Railroads.  Capital,  Maysville.  Pop.  in 
1870,  9858;  in  1880,  13,.334;  in  1890,  14,5.39. 

De  Kalb,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Tennessee, 
has  an  area  of  about  300  square  miles.  The  eastern  por- 
tion of  the  county  is  intersected  from  N.  to  S.  by  theCaney 
Fork  of  Cumberland  River,  which  forms  its  S.E.  boundary. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  mostly  covered  with 
forests;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Smith  ville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
11,425;  in  1880,  14,813;  in  1890,  15,650. 
65 


De  Kalb,  a  post-village  of  De  Kalb  co..  III.,  on  the 
Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  58  miles  W.  of  Chicago, 
and  about  32  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rockford.  It  has  7  churches,  2 
banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  graded  schools,  extensive  manu- 
factures of  barb  wire,  together  with  manufactures  of  butter, 
cheese,  shoes,  lever  harrows,  disc  cultivators,  sash,  doors, 
blinds,  flour,  gloves,  mittens,  wire,  and  wire  fences.  Pop. 
in  1890,  2579, 

De  Kalb,  a  post-village  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind.,  6  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Auburn.  It  has  church  organizations 
and  a  district  school.  The  name  of  its  station  is  St.  John. 
Pop.  about  100. 

De  Kalb,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Kemper  co..  Miss., 
13  miles  W.  of  Scooba,  and  about  30  miles  N.  of  Meridian. 
It  has  a  court-house  and  5  churches.  Two  miles  distant  is 
Sucarnoochee  Creek,  a  good  mill-stream.   Pop.  in  1890,  240, 

De  Kalb,  a  post-village  of  Buchanan  co.,  Mo,,  18  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Atchison,  Kansas.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
'.bank.     Pop.  about  300. 

De  Kalb,  a  post-village  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Oswegatchie  River,  5  miles  S.W.  of  De  Kalb  Junction, 
and  about  7  miles  (direct)  S.W.  of  Canton.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  district  school,  a  saw-mill,  and  cheese-factories.    Pop,  250. 

De  Kalb,  Crawford  co,,  0.    See  Tiro, 

De  Kalb,  a  township  of  Kershaw  co.,  S.C.    Pop.  8619. 

De  Kalb,  a  post-village  of  Bowie  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Texas  Pacific  Railroad,  34  miles  W.  of  Texarkana,  It 
has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  in  1890,  420! 

De  Kalb,  a  post-village  of  Gilmer  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Little  Kanawha  River,  about  44  miles  E.S.E.  of  Parkers- 
burg,     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill, 

De  Kalb  Junction,  a  post-village  of  St.  Lawrence 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad, 
nt  the  junction  of  two  branches  of  the  same,  19  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Ogdensburg. 

Dekkan,  a  country  of  India,    See  Deccan, 

Dekor'ra,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co..  Wis.,  in  De- 
korra  township,  and  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Wisconsin  River, 
5  or  6  miles  S.  of  Portage  City,  Pop,  85,  The  township 
contains  a  village  named  Poynette,     Total  pop.  1386. 

De  Ko'ven,  a  mining  post-town  of  Union  co.,  Ky.,  14 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Morganficld.  It  has  a  church  organi- 
zntion  and  coal-mines.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Del'afield,  a  post-haralet  of  Hamilton  co.,  III.,  on  the 
St.  Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  97  miles  E.S.E.  of  St. 
Louis,  Mo. 

Delafield,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  294. 

DelafielU,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Wau- 
kesha co..  Wis.,  on  Bark  River,  2  miles  from  Nashota  Rail- 
road Station,  and  about  26  miles  W.  of  Milwaukee.  It  i8 
near  several  small  lakes,  and  has  2  flour-mills,  a  public 
school,  and  2  churches.     Pop.  about  200, 

DePago'a  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  Indian  Ocean,  in 
Africa,  55  miles  in  length  from  N.  to  S.,  by  20  miles  across. 
Lat.  of  Cape  St.  Mary,  Inyack  Island,  25°  58'  S.,  Ion.  33° 
15'  E.  The  bay  receives  the  Manice  River,  or  King  George 
River,  from  the  N.,  and  the  Mapoota,  or  Oosootoo  (Usutu), 
from  the  S.,  and  has  on  its  W.  side  an  estuary  termed  Eng- 
lish River.  The  Portuguese  have  on  the  N.  side  of  the 
bay  a  town  called  Lourenzo  Marquez. 

Delan'co,  a  post-village  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Delaware  River,  13  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Camden,  and 
5  miles  below  Burlington.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  sfioes,  bricks,  pickles,  and  mustard.     Pop.  600. 

De  Lan'cey,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Ilamdcn  township,  6  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  from  Delhi.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  feed-mill,  a  saw-mill,  a 
wagon- factory,  and  an  academy.     Pop.  175, 

De  Laud,  a  post-village  of  Volusia  co.,  Fla,,  6  miles 
by  rail  E,  of  Beresford,  and  12  miles  N,  of  Enterprise.  It 
has  9  churches,  a  bank,  4  newspaper  offices,  a  high  school, 
machine-works,  orange-sizer  works,  refrigerator-works,  &o. 
Pop.  1113.     It  is  a  great  health  resort. 

Dcland',  a  post-hamlet  of  Piatt  co..  III.,  15  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Monticello.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a 
graded  school,  a  carriage-shop,  2  grain-elevators,  and  manu- 
factures of  bricks  and  tiles.     Pop.  400. 

Dela'ney's,  a  station  in  Kent  co.,  Del.,  on  the  Kent 
County  Railroad,  7  miles  W,  of  Clayton. 

Delaney's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  3 
miles  from  13ridgewater  Station.     It  has  a  cheese-factory. 

Delaney's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
Ind.,  13  miles  N.  of  Salem,  It  has  manufactures  of  flour 
and  lumber.     Pop.  80. 

Delano,  del'a-no,  a  post-oflSce  of  Kern  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  197  miles  S,S,B,  of  Stockton. 


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Delnno,  »  post-Tillagv  of  Eern  eo^  Cal ,  S3  niilei  b^ 
nil  N.N.W.  of  Bakerafield. 

Delano,  a  nont-yillaK*  of  Winnebago  oo.,  Iowa,  9  milei 
(direct)  N.B.  of  Porwt  Citv. 

Delnno,  a  port-viltii(r«  of  Wright  co.,  Minn.,  in  Frnnlt- 
Jln  towB!<hi|i,  on  the  8<»ith  Fork  of  tlio  Crow  Klver,  and  on 
the  St.  Paul  .%  Pacific  UiUln«d,  40  miles  W.  of  8t.  Pnnl. 
Elovntion,  1118  feet.     It  hiw  12  etores,  iv  Rrist-niiH,  3  hotcio, 

•  furnituro-factorj,  an  elevator,  nn  engine-house,  a  news- 
puper,  3  ohurchM),  and  a  gnwlod  school.     Pop.  500. 

■  Uelniio,  a  rtation  in  Butler  oo..  Pa.,  on  the  Western 
Peniiiiylvanin  Iliiilrond,  *J  miles  S.]'].  of  Butler. 

Ileinno,  a  po^t-villnf^  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  in  Ru8li 
townithip,  on  Broad  Mountain,  and  on  a  branch  of  tho 
Lehigh  Valley  Hnilrond,  near  tho  point  where  it  crosses 
the  Catnwlssa  Railroad,  5  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mahnnoy  City. 
It  has  a  public  library,  and  moohino-Bhops  of  the  railroad. 
Pop.  about  450. 

t)clnn'ti,  a  hamlet  of  Hardin  co.,  Iowa,  in  Eldora 
township,  on  the  Iowa  Iliver,  1  mile  from  Oifford  Station, 
an<l  about  5  miles  below  Eldora.  It  bos  2  churches  and  a 
Hour-mill. 

Dclanti,  a  village  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Stockton 
township,  2  miles  from  Cassadagii  Railroad  Station,  and 
about  14  miles  S.  of  Dunkirk.  It  has  ,3  churches,  a,  flour- 
mill,  a  cheese-factory,  and  1  or  2  saw-mills.  The  name  of 
its  post-office  is  Stockton.     Po]>.  245. 

lie  la  I*laine,  a  village  of  Q^eene  oo..  Ark.,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  138  miles  N.E. 
•f  Little  Roek.     It  has  a  church  and  2  saw-mills. 

De!^aplane%  or  Del^npiaine',  formerly  Pied- 
mont, a  post-village  of  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  on  tho  Manassas 
division  of  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  6.'?  miles 
W.  of  Alexandria,  and  14  miles  (direct)  N.  by  W.  of 
Warrenton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  public  school. 

De  Large  Bayou,  d^h  larzh  bi'oo,  of  Louisiana,  runs 
S.W.  in  Terre  Bonne  parish,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

■  De  Las'sus,  a  post-village  of  St.  Francois  co.,  Mo.,  on 
the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  87  miles 
8.  of  St.  Louis,  and  2i  miles  from  Farmington.  It  has  a 
church,  a  printing-oflice,  and  a  flour-mill.  Copper,  zinc, 
and  plumbago  are  said  to  be  found  here. 

Delatyn,  dfil'i-teen,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  on 
the  Pruth,  10  miles  S.  of  Nadworna.     Pop.  3260. 

Del^avan',  a  post-village  of  Tazewell  co.,  III.,  in  Dela- 
▼au  township,  on  the  Chicago  <t  Alton  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  the  Pekin  division  of  the  Peoria,  Decatur  &  Evans- 
▼ille  Railroad,  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bloomington,  and  24 
miles  S.  of  Peoria.  It  has  2  banks,  6  churches,  and  a 
graded  school.  Three  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.     Pop.  1176;  of  the  township,  2140, 

Delavan,  a  post-office  of  Morris  co.,  Kansas. 

Delavan,  or  Delavan  Station,  a  post-villa<ro  of 
Faribault  co.,  Minn.,  34  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Albert 
Lea,  and  10  miles  (direct)  N.  by  E.  of  Blue  Earth  City.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  bank,  an  academy,  and  a  newspaper  ofiice. 
Pop.  in  1890,  252. 

•  Delavan,  a  post-village  in  Delavan  township,  Walworth 
CO.,  AVis.,  on  Turtle  Creek,  and  on  the  southwestern  division 
ef  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  6  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Elkhorn,  and  about  50  miles  S.E.  of  Madison. 
It  contains  a  graded  school,  2  state  banks,  2  newspaper 
offices,  and  an  institution  for  the  deaf  and  dumb,  which  was 
founded  by  the  state.  It  has  also  2  cheese-factories,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  manufactures  of  cigars,  carriages,  and  windmills, 
Pop.  in  1890,  2038;  of  the  township,  2715, 

Delawan'na,  a  station  in  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
fioonton  Branch  of  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  <t  Western 
Railroad,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Paterson. 

Delaware,  d51'a-war,  a  river  formed  by  two  branches, 
sometimes  called  the  Coquago  and  tho  Popacton,  which  rise 
in  New  York  near  tho  N.E.  border  of  Delaware  co.,  and 
unite  at  Hancock,  in  the  same  county.  From  this  point  it 
runs  southeastward,  forming  the  boundary  between  New 
York  and  Pennsylvania,  until  it  reaches  Port  Jcrvis  and 
touches  the  northern  extremity  of  New  Jersey.  Confronted 
here  by  the  impassable  barrier  of  the  Kittatinny  Mountain, 
it  changes  its  course  and  runs  south  westward  along  the  base 
6f  that  ridge  to  tho  Delaware  Water  Gap,  near  Stroudsburg, 
Pa.  At  this  place,  which  is  remarkable  for  picturesque 
Bcenery,  the  river  has  found  or  formed  a  passage  through 
the  mountain,  and  runs  in  a  narrow  gorge  2  or  3  miles  long, 
between  precipices  which  rise  on  each  side  about  1400  feet 
above  the  water.  After  it  has  passed  by  Easton  it  runs 
southeastward  to  Bordentown,  and  thence  southwestward  to 
Philadelphia,  about  40  miles  below  which  it  expands  into  tho 
estnarir  oalled  Delaware  Bay. (which  see).    This  river  forms 


the  entire  boundary  between  New  Jersey  and  Pennsylvsniiv. 
The  length  of  tho  main  stream  is  cstimatod  at  350  niilci. 
It  is  about  }  of  a  mile  wide  at  Philiulel))h:a,  and  2  or  3 
miles  wide  at  some  points  below  that  city.  Tho  tide  ascends 
to  Trenton,  about  130  miles  from  tho  sea.  Tho  chief  towns 
on  its  banks  are  Philadelphia,  Wilmington,  Camden,  Ches- 
ter, Trenton,  and  I'aston.  It  is  navigable  for  the  Inrgcsl 
ships  to  Philiulclphia,  nnd  steamboats ean  ascend  to  Trenton 
during  high  tide.  The  latter  city  is  the  lowost  point  jtt 
which  tho  river  is  crossed  by  a  bridge.  A  canal  has  been 
opened  along  tho  right  bank  of  this  river  from  Bristol  to 
Easton,  about  CO  miles,  and  2  other  canals  connect  tho  Del- 
aware with  tho  Hudson  River. 

Delaware,  one  of  tho  Middle  Atlantic  states,  in  area 
the  smallest  state  in  the  Union  except  Rhode  Island,  is 
bounded  N.  by  Pennsylvania,  K.  by  Delaware  River  and 
Bay  and  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  S.  and  W.  by  Maryland. 
Its  length  (from  38°  28'  to  30°  50'  N.  lat.)  is  96  mile.t:  its 
breadth  ranges  from  9  to  37  miles  (75°  to  75°  46'  W.  Ion.). 
Area,  2050  square  miles,  more  than  one-half  of  which  con- 
sists of  cultivated  farm-lands. 

Face  of  the  Country,  and  Geolngy. — The  N.  portion  is 
finely  diversiflod  with  hill  and  dale,  and  is  one  of  the  most 
fertile,  beautiful,  and  healthful  tracts  in  the  state.  South- 
ward tho  surface  is  nearly  a  dead  level,  relieved  by  a  long  low 
ridge  or  watershed  running  N.  and  S.,  and  having  numcr 
ous  8wam])y  tracts,  whence  flow  to  the  E.  and  W.  most  of  the 
streams  of  tho  state.  The  southern  portion  is  sandy,  with 
largo  marshes,  of  which  the  Cypress  Swamp,  12  miles  long 
and  6  miles  wide,  is  the  principal.  This  swamp  abounds  in 
cypress,  cedar,  and  other  timber  trees.  Along  tho  coast  there 
are  salt  marshes,  and  some  shallow  lagoons  fenced  from  tho 
open  sea  by  long,  low  sond-spits, — tho  sounds  of  North  Caro- 
lina in  miniature.  The  interior  of  the  state  has  much  light 
soil,  which  is  easily  and  profitably  cultivated.  Kaolin,  bog- 
iron,  glass-sand,  and  shell-marl  are  found,  and  the  three 
former  are  wrought  to  some  extent.  'Ihe  northern  half 
of  New  Castle  co.  is  of  cretaceous  age.  S.  of  this  tho  for- 
mation is  tertiary  as  far  as  the  Murderkill ;  and  nil  the 
remainder  of  the  state  is  post-tertiary  or  alluvial.  From 
some  of  the  swamps  largo  quantities  of  well-preserved  and 
excellent  timber  have  been  dug  and  wrought  into  shingles. 
There  are  useful  chalybeate  waters  at  Faulkland,  in  the  N. 

Agricultural  ProilucfM. — Delaware,  once  celebrated  for 
her  excellent  wheat,  still  produces  bountiful  crops  of  that 
grain  and  of  the  other  cereals,  especially  of  maize.  But  of 
late  years  the  production  of  fruit,  notably  of  peaches,  with 
strawberries  and  the  other  small  fruits,  has  been  the  leading 
industry.  Market-gardening,  and  particularly  the  raising 
of  early  spring  vegetables  for  the  supply  of  tho  Northern 
cities,  has  attracted  much  capital.  The  excellent  natural 
facilities  for  navigation,  with  the  large  recent  extension  of 
railroads,  have  greatly  stimulated  these  pursuits,  for  which 
the  fertile  soil  and  genial  climate  of  Delaware  give  the  state 
a  special  fitness. 

Internal  Improvements,  d:e. — Tho  rivers  and  creeks  of  tho 
state  are  generally  navigable  for  the  lower  part  of  their 
courses,  nnd  Christiana  Creek  admits  merchant-vessels  of 
considerable  tonnage.  Delaware  B.ay  and  Delaware  River 
have  a  deep  but  not  very  direct  channel,  and  the  western 
shore  of  the  bay  at  most  points  is  not  readily  accessible  for 
large  vessels.  Rehoboth  Bay  admits  vessels  of  6  feet  draught. 
The  Delaware  &  Chesapeake  Canal,  finished  in  1829  at  a 
cost  of  $2,250,000,  extends  13.i  miles  from  Delaware  City  to 
Chesapeake  City,  Md.,  and  afibrds  passage  for  coniiting- ves- 
sels, canal-boats,  barges,  and  small  steamers.  Another  canal 
connects  Salem  Creek  and  Delaware  River,  and  a  ship-canal 
is  j)rojected  to  extend  from  Delaware  Bay  to  Sassafras  River 
in  Maryland.  In  this  connection  should  be  mentioned  tho 
noble  breakwater  at  Lewes,  begun  in  1828  by  the  United 
St.ates  government,  and  now  extending  2589  feet,  with  .an 
ice-breaker  of  1500  feet.  It  was  constructed  to  afford  a 
harbor  of  refuge,  and  for  this  puriiose  it  has  proved  emi- 
nently serviceable.  Its  cost  has  been  §2,123,505.  It  is 
constructed  of  loose  blocks  of  stone  weighing  from  500  to 
15,000  pounds  each. 

Uailroada. — Delaware  is  well  supplied  with  railroads, 
which  connect  the  important  towns  of  the  state  and  estab- 
lish counnunicntion  with  Philadelphia,  Baltimore,  and 
Washington,  and  with  all  sections  of  the  country.  In  1890 
there  were  315  miles  of  railroad  in  operation  within  tho 
limits  of  the  state. 

Maiiu/acture»  are  carried  on  chiefly  in  Wilmington  and 
its  vicinity.  The  manufactured  articles  are  quite  various, 
and  include  leather  and  leathern  goods,  shipping  (iron  and 
wood),  machinery,  cottons.  Woollens,  cars  and  carriages, 
flour,  canned  frujtts,  gunpawdor*  linaber,  qast  and  wrought 


DEL 


1019 


DEL 


iron,  hardware,  paper,  tobacco,  car-wheels,  morocco,  matches, 
and  chemicals.  Wilmington  alone  has  turned  out  more 
tlian  $20,000,000  worth  of  manufactured  goods  in  one  year. 

Finances. — The  state  debt  was  incurred  entirely  for  war 
purposes  and  for  loans  to  railroads.  In  1890  it  amounted 
to  $905,460,  with  securities  in  the  treasury  sufficient  to  meet 
a  large  portion  of  the  indebtedness.  There  is  no  tax  on 
property.  The  revenue  is  derived  from  the  railroads, 
licenses,  and  the  collateral  inheritance  tax. 

Counties  and  Towns. — There  are  3  counties,  viz.,  New  Cas- 
tle, in  the  N.,  pop.  (1890)  97,182;  Kent,  in  the  centre,  pop. 
32,664;  and  Sussex,  in  the  S.,  pop.  38,647.  The  principal 
towns  are  Wilmington,  a  thriving  manufacturing  city  and 
railroad  centre  (pop.  in  1890,  61,431),  Dover,  the  capital, 
Now  Castle,  Smyrna,  Delaware  City,  North  Milford,  South 
Milford,  Laurel,  Seaford,  Georgetown,  and  Lewes. 

Education. — By  an  act  of  legislature,  in  1887,  the  offices 
of  state  superintendent  and  assistant  superintendents  were 
abolished.  Each  county  now  has  its  own  superintendent, 
and  these  officers,  with  the  secretary  of  state  and  the  presi- 
dent of  Delaware  College,  constitute  the  state  board  of  ed- 
ucation. Since  1888,  Delaware  College  has  grown  in  pop- 
ularity, and  the  attendance  has  greatly  increased.  An 
I  agricultural  experimental  station  has  been  established. 
I  There  is  a  permanent  school-fund  of  nearly  $500,000,  and 
t  'the  annual  disbursement  amounts  to  nearly  $100,000.  A 
separate  system  of  schools  is  provided  for  colored  children. 
Among  the  prominent  educational  institutions  are  AVesleyan 
Female  College,  the  City  Normal  School,  Rugby  Academy, 
and  boys'  and  girls'  high  schools,  at  Wilmington;  the 
Methodist  Conference  Academy,  at  Dover;  the  seminary 
at  Felton  ;  another  at  Frederica;  academies  at  Georgetown, 
Lewes,  Middletown,  Milford,  Milton,  Smyrna, Wyoming,  <fec. 

Churches. — The  leading  religious  denominations  are  (in 

the  order  named)  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  by  far  the 

•trongest  denomination  in  the  state,  Presbyterians,  Protest- 

'        ant  Episcopalians,  Roman  Catholics,  Friends,  and  Baptists. 

Constitution,  &c. — The  first  constitution  was  adopted  in 
1776;  a  second  was  adopted  in  1792,  and,  with  subsequent 
modifications,  is  still  in  force.  The  governor  is  elected  for 
four  years.  Voters  must  have  lived  in  the  state  one  year 
next  previous  to  the  day  of  voting,  and  one  month  in  the 
district  where  they  vote.  The  senate  consists  of  3  members 
from  each  county  (nine  in  all),  chosen  for  four  years;  the 
house  of  representatives  has  21  members,  7  from  each  county. 
The  legislature  is  called  the  general  assembly,  and  meets 
biennially.  Judges  are  appointed  by  the  governor,  and  are 
removable  only  for  misconduct.  No  minister  of  the  gospel 
c.au  hold  a  civil  office.  Delaware  has  one  representative  in 
the  Federal  Congress.  The  whippiug-post  and  the  pillory 
are  still  retained  for  the  punishment  of  crijaes,  but,  by  act 
of  1889,  women  are  exempted  from  this  form  of  discipline. 

History. — Delaware  Bay  was  discovered  by  Hudson  in 
1609,  and  visited  in  1610  by  Lord  De  la  Warr.  Prominent 
events  of  local  history  have  been  the  purchase  of  part  of 
the  country  by  the  Dutch,  1629;  the  settlement  of  Lewes 
by  the  Dutch,  1630 ;  the  destruction  of  the  colony  by  In- 
dians, 1633  ;  the  purchase  of  the  W.  coast  of  the  bay  by  the 
Swedes  and  Finns,  and  the  founding  (1638)  of  the  colony 
of  New  Sweden,  which  extended  as  far  up  the  river  as 
Wicaco,  now  in  Philadelphia ;  the  construction  of  Fort 
Casirair,  at  New  Castle,  by  the  Dutch ;  its  capture  by  the 
Swedes,  1054;  the  breaking  up  of  the  Swedish  oolony  by 
Dutch  forces  from  New  Amsterdam,  1656;  the  conflicting 
claims  of  the  Duke  of  York  and  of  Lord  Baltimore  to  the 
region,  1664;  and  the  purchase  of  the  proprietorship  by 
William  Penn,  1682,  Thenceforth  the  region  was  officially 
known  as  "  the  Counties  of  New  Castle,  Kent,  and  Sussex, 
ujion  Delaware,"  and  was  regarded  as  a  part  of  Pennsyl- 
vania until  1 703,  when  it  received  a  separate  legislature;  but 
the  three  counties  remained  under  the  propricUiry  governors 
of  Pennsylvania  until  the  Revolution,  in  which  Delaware 
took  a  distinguished  and  very  gallant  part.  The  first  two 
revolutionary  presidents  of  Pennsylvania  (1776-87)  were 
also  chief  magistrates  of  Delaware,  notwithstanding  the  fact 
that  in  1776  she  had  declared  herself  an  independent  state. 
Delaware  was  the  first  state  to  ratify  the  United  States  con- 
stitution, 1787.  She  retained  slavery  until  it  was  abrogated 
in  1865  by  the  13th  amendment  of  the  Federal  constitution. 

The  population  in  1790  was  69,094;  in  1800,  64,273  ;  in 
1810,  72,674;  in  1820,  72,749;  in  18.30,  76,748;  in  1840, 
78,085;  in  1850,  91,532;  in  1860,  112,216;  in  1870,  125,015; 
in  1880,  146,608;  in  1890,  168,493. 

Delaware,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Indiana,  has 
an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Mississinewa  River  and  the  West  Fork  of  White  River. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level;  the  soil  is  fertile.     More  than" 


one-third  of  its  area  is  covered  with  forests.  Wheat,  Indian 
corn,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  inier- 
seeted  by  the  Lake  Erie  <fe  Western  Railroad,  the  Cleveland, 
Cincinnati,  Chicago  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad,  and  the  Fort 
Wayne,  Cincinnati  &  Louisville  Railroad,  all  three  passing 
through  Muncie,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  19,030;  in 
1880,  22,926;  in  1890,  30,131. 

Delaware*  an  eastern  county  of  Iowa,  has  an  area  at 
576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Maquoketa  River 
and  by  Buffalo  Creek,  and  also  drained  by  Beaver  and  Plum 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  uneven,  and  is  diver- 
sified with  prairies  and  woodlands;  the  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  pork,  and  butter  are  the 
staple  products.  Among  the  forest  trees  are  the  ash,  elm, 
hickory,  white  oak,  and  black  walnut.  Niagara  limestone 
(Upper  Silurian)  underlies  the  greater  part  of  the  soil.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul  <fc  Kansas  City  Railroad, 
and  by  the  Iowa  division  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad, 
the  latter  passing  through  Manchester,  the  capital.  Pop. 
in  1870,  17,432;  in  1880,  17,950;  in  1890,  5645. 

Delaware,  a  southeastern  county  of  New  York,  bor- 
dering on  Pennsylvania,  has  an  area  of  about  1500  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Susquehanna 
River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  two  branches  of  the  Dela- 
ware River,  namely,  the  Coquago  and  the  Popacton,  which 
unite  on  the  S.W.  border  of  the  county.  It  is  partly  drained 
by  Beaver  Kill  and  the  Charlotte  River.  The  surface  is 
diversified  with  high  hills,  narrow  ravines,  and  fertile  val- 
leys. The  soil  is  adapted  to  pasturage  and  dairies.  Bntter", 
hay,  oats,  cattle,  potatoes,  maple  sugar,  leather,  and  lumbei' 
are  the  staple  products.  The  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Erie  Railroad,  the  Ulster  <fc  Delaware  Railroad,  and  the 
New  York,  Ontario  <fc  Western  Railroad,  the  latter  passing 
through  Delhi,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Red  sandstone 
(Devonian)  is  found  next  to  the  surface  here.  Pop.  in 
1870,  42,972;  in  1880,  42,721 ;  in  1890,  45,496. 

Delaware,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Ohio,  has 
an  area  of  about  450  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Scioto  and  Whetstone  (or  Olentangy)  Rivers,  which  run 
southward,  and  is  also  drained  by  Walnut,  Mill,  and  other 
creeks.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  elm,  hickory,  oak,  sugar- 
maple,  <tc.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  wool, 
hay,  butter,  flax,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
Cornifcrous  limestone  of  the  Devonian  age  crops  out  here. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Columbus,  Hocking  Valley 
&  Toledo  Railroad,  by  two  divisions  of  the  Cleveland,  Cin- 
cinnati, Chicago  <t  St.  Louis  Railroad,  and  by  the  Cleve- 
land, Akron  <fe  Columbus  Railroad,  the  two  former  roads 
passing  through  Delaware,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop. 
in  1870,  25,175;  in  1880,  27,381;  in  1890,  27,189. 

Delaware,  a  southeastern  county  of  Pennsylvania,  is 
adjacent  to  Philadelphia.  Area,  about  200  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Delaware  River,  on  tho 
S.W.  by  the  Brandywine,  and  is  drained  by  Darby,  Chester, 
and  Crum  Creeks.  The  surface  is  pleasantly  diversified  by 
undulations  and  hills  of  moderate  height;  the  soil  is  mostly 
fertile.  Butter,  hay,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  oats  are  tho 
staple  products.  This  county  has  important  manufactures 
of  cotton  and  woollen  goods.  The  rocks  found  next  to  the 
surface  are  gneiss  and  mica-slate,  the  former  of  which  is 
quarried  for  building-stone.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  the  Baltimore  <fe  Ohio  Railroad,  and 
the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  <fe  Baltimore  Railroad,  the 
latter  communicating  with  Media,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  39,403;  in  1880,  56,101;  in  1890,  74,683. 

Delaware,  a  post-hamlet  of  Logan  co..  Ark.,  25  miles 
(direct)  E.  of  Paris.  It  has  3  churches,  and  ginning-,  saw-, 
and  grist-mills, 

Delaware,  a  township  of  Delaware  CO.,  Ind.  Pop.  157^, 

Delaware,  a  township  of  Hamilton  co.,  Ind.  Pop, 
1753,     It  contains  New  Britton. 

Delaware,  a  post-village  of  Ripley  co.,  Ind.,  47  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  an(l 
a  saw-mill.     Pop.  of  Delaware  township,  1214. 

Delaware,atownshipof  Delaware  CO.,  Iowa,  drained  by 
Maquoketa  River.     Pop.,  exclusive  of  Manchester,  707. 

Delaware,  a  post- village  of  Delaware  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Dubuque  &  Sioux  City  division  of  the  Illinois  Central 
Railroad,  6  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Manchester,  41  miles  W, 
of  Dubuque,  and  86  miles  N.N.W.  of  Davenport.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  creamery.     Pop.  350.  . 

Delaware,  a  township  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  (id- 
eluding  Easton  Place  town)  495. 

Delaware,  a  township  of  Jeff"erson  co.,  Kansas.  Pop 
in  1890,  2869.     It  contains  Valley  Falls. 


DBL 


1020 


DEL 


DelRwarCf  township,  Lmvenworth  oo.,  Knn.    P.  2367. 

Delaware*  r  township  of  Wyamlolto  oo.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
970.     It  coiitnins  KdwarJsvillo  ami  Tibluw. 

Delaware,  a  post-baml«t  of  Daviess  oo.,  Ky.,  on  Qreen 
River,  about  14  inUos  W.S.W.  of  Owonsborough.  It  lias  2 
•huitshos.     I'op.  about  150. 

Delaware,  a  township  of  Sanilno  oo.,  Mioli.,  on  Lalce 
Huron.     Top.  U02.     It  contains  Forostvillo. 

Delaware,  a  township  of  Shannon  oo.,  Mo.   Pop.  198. 

Delaware,  a  township  of  Camden  oo.,  N.J.,  just  E. 
of  tho  city  of  Camilon.     Pop.  1025.     It  contains  Kllisburg. 

Delaware,  a  township  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  on  tho 
Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Belvidoro  Delaware  Railroad. 
Pop.  2U59.  It  contains  Sergoantsvillo,  Sand  Brook,  and 
other  iMSt-villagos. 

Delaware,  a  township  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Delaware  River.     Pop.  2016.     It  contains  Callicoon  Depot. 

Delaware,  a  township  of  Deflance  co.,  0.,  traversed  by 
the  Maunioe.     Pop.  1160.     It  contains  Delaware  Bend. 

Delaware,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Delaware  co.,  0.,  is 
situated  on  tho  Whetstone  (or  Olentangy)  River,  in  a  town- 
thip  of  its  own  name,  24  miles  N.  of  Columbus,  34  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Galion,  and  50  miles  E.N.K.  of  Springfield.  It 
is  on  tho  Cleveland,  Columbus,  Cincinnati  &  Indianapolis 
Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  tho  Columbus  division  with  the 
Cincinnati  division  of  that  rood,  and  also  on  tho  Columbus 
A  Toledo  Railroad.  It  contains  a  court-house,  14  churches, 
2  national  banks,  a  savings-bank,  1  other  bank,  the  Ohio 
TVosleyan  Female  College,  2  large  hotels,  gas-works,  print- 
ing-offices which  issue  3  weekly  newspapers,  2  flouring- 
mills,  an  extensive  chair-factory,  and  raanuf^ictures  of  car- 
riages. It  is  the  seat  of  the  Ohio  Wesleyan  University, 
irhich  was  founded  in  1845  and  has  12  professors,  about 
1150  students,  and  a  library  of  about  13,000  volumes.  Sul- 
phur springs  and  other  mineral  springs  are  found  here. 
Pop.  in  1890,  8224;  of  the  township,  9372. 

Delaware,  a  township  of  Hancock  co.,  0.  Pop.  1280. 
It  contains  Mount  Blanchard. 

Delaware,  a  township  of  Juniata  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1079, 
exclusive  of  the  village  of  Thompsontown. 

Delaware,  a  township  of  Mercer  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1703. 
It  contains  New  Hamburg  and  Delaware  Grove. 

Delaware,  a  township  of  Northumberland  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna,  and  on  the  Philadel- 
phia &  Erie  Railroad.  Pop.  1879,  exclusive  of  McEwens- 
ville  and  Watsontown. 

Delaware,  a  township  of  Pike  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Dela- 
ware River.     Pop,  758.     It  contains  Dingman's  Ferry. 

Delaware,  a  post- village  in  Middlesex  oo.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Thames,  and  on  the  Canada  Southern  Railway,  14  miles 
N.W.  of  St.  Thomas.  It  contains  saw-  and  grist-mills,  a 
brewery,  a  stave-factory,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  400. 

Delaware  Bay  is  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  or  an  estuary, 
through  which  the  Delaware  River  enters  the  Atlantic. 
The  entrance  of  the  bay,  which  is  between  Cape  May  and 
Cape  Henlopen,  is  about  13  miles  wide,  and  its  length  is 
nearly  55  miles.  It  is  about  3  miles  wide  at  the  upper 
extremity  (near  Delaware  City),  below  which  it  gradually 
expands  to  a  width  of  25  miles.  A  long  breakwater,  con- 
structed by  the  Federal  government,  in  this  bay,  at  Cape 
Henlopen,  forms  a  safe  and  spacious  harbor,  in  which  the 
water  is  from  4  to  6  fathoms  deep. 

Delaware  Bend,  a  post-village  in  Delaware  town- 
Bliip,  Defiance  co.,  0.,  on  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  7 
miles  \Y.  of  Defiance.    It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Delaware  City,  a  post-town  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del., 
on  the  Delaware  River  where  it  merges  into  Delaware 
Bay,  about  12  miles  S.  by  AV.  from  Wilmington.  It  is 
the  ea-stern  terminus  of  the  Chesapeake  &  Delaware  Canal, 
and  the  southern  terminus  of  the  Pennsylvania  &  Delaware 
Branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad.  It  contains  an  acad- 
emy, a  national  bank,  a  printing-ofBcc,  a  flour-mill,  and  6 
churches.     Pop.  1059. 

Delaware  Gap,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  N.J., 
about  1  mile  S.E.  of  Delaware  Water  Gap,  Pa.  It  has  a 
schoul-slate  factory.     Pop.  about  100. 

Delaware  Junction,  Delaware.    See  Rodney. 

Delaware  Mine,  a  post-office  and  mining  village  of 
Keweenaw  co.,  Mich.,  in  Grant  township,  23  miles  N.E.  of 
Calumet.     Copper  is  mined  here. 

Delaware  River,  or  Grasshopper  Creek  (Pr. 
Sauterelle),  Kansas,  drains  parts  of  Brown  and  Atchison 
COS.,  runs  southward  through  Jefferson  co.,  and  enters  the 
Kansas  River  about  12  miles  above  Lawrence. 

Delaware's,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Southampton 
CO.,  Va.,  on  the  Seaboard  i  Roanoke  Railroad.  It  has  a 
eharch  and  a  lumber-mill. 


Delaware  >Vater  Gap,  a  pnst-villnge  and  summei 
resort  of  Monroo  Co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  A 
Wistern  Railroad  (at  Water  Gap  Station),  108  miles  N.  of 
Philadelphia,  92  miles  W.  by  N.  from  New  York,  and  57 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Soranton.  Here  the  Delaware  River  posses 
through  tho  Kittatinny  Mountain  in  a  narrow  gorge,  on 
uioh  side  of  which  is  a  precipice  about  1300  feet  higher 
than  the  water.  The  altitude  of  the  mountain-ridge  at 
this  place  is  said  to  be  1479  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 
Here  are  several  large  hotels  and  boarding-houses,  which 
in  summer  are  filled  with  visitors  attracted  by  the  beautiful 
scenery.  The  village  is  about  li  miles  from  the  gorge.  It 
has  2  churches,  and  a  slate-factory  or  quarry.  P.  in  1890, 467. 

Delbino,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Delving. 

Delbriick,  dil'briik,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia, 
9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Padcrborn.     Pop.  1196. 

Del  Car'bo,  a  station  in  Muskingum  co.,  0.,  8  milei 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Zanesville.     See  Newtox. 

Delden,  dSl'd^n,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Over- 
ysscl,  on  a  railway,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Almelo.     Pop.  1649. 

Del^mont,  d^hMi^mdv'  (Qer.  Dehherg,  dSls'bfiua),  a 
town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  29  miles  N.  of  Bern,  on 
the  Some.     Pop.  2431. 

De  Le'on,  a  post-village  of  Comanche  co.,  Tex.,  9  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Dublin,  and  12  miles  (direct)  N.  of  Coman- 
che. It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  an  academy, 
and  several  general  stores.     Pop.  364. 

De  Leon  Springs,  a  post- village  of  Volusia  co.,  Fla., 
about  11  miles  by  rail  N.  of  De  Land  Junction,  and  22 
miles  N.  by  AV.  of  Enterprise.  It  has  2  churches  and 
manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  235. 

Delft,  dSlft  (commonly  pronounced  dJlf),  a  town  of  the 
Netherlands,  in  South  Holland,  9  miles  by  raU  N.W.  of 
Rotterdam,  on  the  canal  between  it  and  the  Hague.  It  is 
well  built  of  brick,  and  clean,  but  dull.  Principal  edifices, 
tho  palace  in  which  Prince  William  I.  of  Orange  was  assas- 
sinated, 1584,  now  used  as  barracks;  a  Gothic  church,  with 
the  tomb  of  that  prince,  and  that  of  Qrotius ;  the  old  church, 
with  the  tombs  of  Van  Tromp,  Peter  Hein,  and  Leeuwcn- 
hoock ;  the  council -house,  and  the  school  of  engineering.  It 
has  many  breweries  and  distilleries,  with  manufactures  of 
carpets,  coverlets,  woollen  cloth,  soap,  and  earthenwares; 
but  most  of  the  table-goods  known  as  "  Delft  ware"  are  in 
reality  made  in  England.  Here  is  a  great  arsenal  and 
military  laboratory.     Pop.  in  1890,  29,022. 

Delft  (original  name,  Nedoonlivoe,  or  "Long  Island"), 
a  small  island  off  the  N.W,  coast  of  Ceylon,  about  8  miles 
long  by  3  miles  broad,  and  surrounded  by  coral  reefs. 

Delftshaven,  or  Delfshaven,  d4lfts"hi'v?n,  a  town 
of  the  Netherlands,  in  South  Holland,  on  the  right  bank  of 
the  Mouse,  2  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Rotterdam,  with  ship- 
building, herring-fishery,  and  distilling.     Pop.  7982. 

Delizyl,  or  Delfziji,  d6lf-zil'  (L.  Cas'tnim  Dtljuilln'- 
nnm),  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  province  and  16  miles 
E.N.E,  of  Groningen,  at  the  mouth  of  the  old  Delf  or  Dam- 
sterdiep,  a  navigable  channel,  on  the  W.  shore  of  the  Dollart. 
It  is  strongly  fortified.     Pop.  5336. 

Del^ada,  a  town  of  the  Azores.    See  Ponta  Delgada. 

Delhi  (or  Dchli),  del'lee  (anc.  ludrapraatha,  after- 
wards DiUi),  a  famous  city  of  India,  capital  of  a  district 
and  division  of  the  same  name,  and  formerly  capital  of 
the  Mogul  empire.  It  is  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Jumna. 
Lat.  28°  39'  40'  N. ;  Ion.  77°  1 7'  45"  E.  The  river  is  here 
crossed  by  a  splendid  railway  bridge.  Delhi  is  walled  with 
stone,  and  is  generally  well  built,  the  principal  streets  being 
well  paved  and  finely  shaded.  The  grand  old  palace  (callwl 
the  fort),  the  abode  of  the  Mogul  emperors,  has  been  in 
great  part  torn  down  by  the  authorities  since  the  rebellion 
of  1857.  The  Jumma  Musjeed,  or  great  mosque,  is  one  of 
the  finest  structures  in  India.  Other  important  buildin^rs 
are  the  black  mosque,  the  government  college,  the  clotk 
tower,  Ac.  In  the  suburbs  are  the  splendid  tombs  of  tlie 
imperial  family.  The  surrounding  country  to  the  extent 
of  about  45  square  miles  is  covered  with  the  dC'bris  of  ruined 
buildings.     The  town  is  well  sn])plied  with  water,  and  lias 

Eublio  gardens  of  great  extent  and  beauty.  Delhi  is  said  to 
ave  once  contained  2,000,000  inhabitants.  It  figures  prom- 
inently in  Indian  history,  and  may  be  regarded  as  still  the- 
capital  of  Mohammedanism  in  India.  In  1857  it  was  the 
scene  of  a  terrible  massacre  of  Europeans,  chiefly  women, 
and  in  the  same  year  it  was  stormed  and  taken  by  a  small 
British  and  native  force,  after  a  memorable  siege  of  three 
months,  the  city  being  defended  by  six  times  as  many  dis- 
ciplined troops  as  the  besiegers  could  muster.  Pop.  in  1872, 
154,417;  in  1881,  173,393;  1891,  19:!,580. 

Delhi,  a  division  or  commissionership  of  British  India, 
under  the  control  of  the  Punjab  government,  and   com- 


DEL 


1021 


DEL 


prising  the  districts  of  Delhi,  Goorgaon,  and  Kurnaul.  Area, 
6557  square  miles.     Capital,  Delhi.     Pop.  1,920,912. 

Delhi,  a  district  of  the  above  division,  lat.  28°  13'-29° 
13'  N.,  Ion.  76°  53-77°  34'  E.  It  is  a  narrow  strip,  75 
miles  long,  bounded  E.  by  the  river  Jumna.  Area,  1227 
square  miles.  Among  the  products  are  wheat,  cotton,  and 
sugar.     Capital,  Delhi.     Pop.  608,850. 

Delhi,  d^l'hi,  a  post-village  of  Jersey  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  13i  miles  N.N.W.  of  Alton. 
Coal-mines  have  been  opened  here. 

Delhi,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Delaware  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Delhi  township,  on  the  Maquoketa  River,  and  on  the  Chi- 
cago, Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  85  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Davenport,  and  about  40  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Dubuque. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  public  school,  and  manufactures  of 
butter.     Pop.  500;  of  the  township,  3051. 

Delhi,  a  post-hamlet  of  Osborne  co.,  Kansas,  in  Bloom 
township,  24  miles  N.  of  Wilson. 

Delhi,  a  post- village  of  Richland  parish,  La.,  on  or 
near  Bayou  Macon,  and  on  the  North  Louisiana  &  Texas 
Railroad,  37  miles  W.N.W.  of  Vicksburg.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  620. 

Delhi,  a  post-borough  of  Redwood  co.,  Minn.,  6  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Redwood  Falls.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
graded  school.     Pop.  120. 

Delhi,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  is 
on  the  west  or  main  branch  of  the  Delaware  River,  about 
OS  miles  W.S.W.  of  Albany,  and  on  the  Delhi  Branch  Rail- 
road, which  connects  with  the  New  York  &  Oswego  Mid- 
land Railroad  at  Walton.  It  contains  5  churches,  the  Del- 
aware Academy,  a  national  bank,  3  private  banks,  a  foun- 
dry, a  woollen-mill,  a  creamery,  and  manufactures  of 
carriages,  sash,  blinds,  Ac.  Three  weekly  newspapers  are 
published  here.  Butter,  milk,  and  live-stock  are  the  staple 
products  of  Delhi.     Pop.  1564;  of  the  township,  2908. 

Delhi,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  is  on  the 
bank  of  the  Ohio  River,  in  Delhi  township,  on  the  Ohio  & 
Mississippi  Railroad  and  the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  & 
Lafayette  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  2 
churches.  Here  are  several  parks  and  residences  of  the 
business  men  of  Cincinnati.     Pop.  in  1890,  531. 

Delhi,  a  post-village  of  McPherson  co.,  S.D.,  10  miles 
(direct)  S.E.  of  Leola. 

Delhi,  a  post-office  of  Caldwell  co.,  Te,^.,  16  miles  (di- 
rect) B.  of  Lockhart. 

Delhi,  a  post-office  of  Winnebago  co.,  Wis. 

Delhi,  or  Fred'ericksburg,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  Rowan  River,  and  on  the  Canada  Air- 
Line  Railroad,  86  miles  W.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  a  largo 
trade  in  sawn  lumber,  and  contains  several  churches  and 
stores,  a  cloth-factory,  a  foundry,  a  grist-mill,  Ac.     P.  300. 

Delhi  Centre  (Holt  Post-Office),  a  village  of  Ingham 
CO.,  Mich.,  in  Delhi  township,  on  the  Jackson,  Lansing  <fc 
Saginaw  Railroad,  at  Holt  Station,  7  miles  S,  of  Lansing, 
It  has  3  churches,  a  carriage-shop,  <fec. 

Delhi  Alills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich., 
In  Scio  township,  on  Huron  River,  and  on  the  Michigan 
Central  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Ann  Arbor.  It  has  mills 
for  flour,  lumber,  and  plaster. 

Deli,  a  town  and  state  of  Sumatra.    See  Delli. 

De'lia  Lake,  a  small  mountain  lake  in  the  AV.  part 
of  Esse.K  CO.,  N.Y.,  among  the  Adirondacks.  It  is  one  of 
the  sources  of  the  Hudson  River.     Length,  about  5  miles. 

Delia,  a  town  of  Sicily.     See  Deglia. 

Dcli-Haba,  di'lee-bi'b3,\  a  village  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
48  miles  E. S.E.  of  Erzroom.    It  is  inhabited  by  Armenians. 

Deliceto,  di-le-chi'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
•  Foggia,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Bovino.  It  has  a  collegiate  church 
and  various  charitable  establishments.     Pop.  4714. 

Deliklitash,  dSl-e-kle-tish',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Tur- 
key, 2o  miles  S.  of  Seevas. 

DeMight',  a  post-office  of  Ellsworth  co.,  Kansas,  13 
miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Ellsworth. 

Deli'la,  a  post-office  of  Halifax  co.,  Va.,  15  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Danville. 

De  Lisle,  d?  Ill,  a  post-office  of  Darke  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Dayton  &  Union  Railroad,  28  miles  N.W.  of  Dayton. 

Delitzsch,  di'litsh,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  at  a 
railway  junction,  19  miles  N.E.  of  Merseburg,  on  the  Leber. 
It  is  well  built,  and  has  a  castle,  3  churches,  a  hospital, 
and  manufactures  of  beer,  tobacco,  stockings,  and  gloves. 
Pop.  8228. 

Dell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vernon  co.,  AVis.,  in  a  narrow 
valley,  abnut  11  miles  N.E.  of  Viroqua.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  lumber-mill. 

Del'laplane,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C,  40 
miles  N,  of  Statesville.    It  has  a  tannery. 


Dell  DeMight',  a  post-office  of  Benton  co,.  Mo. 

Delle,  dfill  (Ger.  Dattenreitt,  d4t't§n-rlt^),  a  village  of 
France,  in  Haut-Rhin,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Belfort.     Pop.  1219. 

Delli,  a  town  of  Timor.    See  Dilli. 

Delli,  dfiriee,  a  town  and  small  state  on  the  N.E.  coast 
of  the  island  of  Sumatra.  The  town  stands  at  the  mouth 
of  a  river  of  the  same  name,  Lat,  3°  46'  N, ;  Ion.  98°  42'  E. 
Pop.  36,566. 

Delliblat,  dSrie-blit',  a  village  of  Hungary,  about  10 
miles  from  Neudorf.  The  inhabitants  are  Wallachians. 
Pop.  3589. 

Dellnicze,  or  Delnitze,  dflll-neet'si,  a  village  of 
Austrian  Croatia,  IS  miles  W.  by  S,  of  Fiume,     Pop.  1679. 

Dello,  a  town  and  state  of  Sumatra,     See  Delli. 

Dell  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-township  of  Adams  co., 
Wis.,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Portage  City,  bounded  on  the 
W.  by  the  Wisconsin  River,  Pop,  448,"  Dell  Prairie,  a 
hamlet  in  this  township,  is  4  miles  N,E,  of  Kilbourn,  It 
has  a  church, 

Dell  Rap'ids,  a  post-village  of  Minnehaha  co.,  S.D., 
on  the  Big  Sioux  River,  19  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Sioux  Falls. 
It  has  5  churches,  a  graded  school,  3  banks,  a  newspaper 
office,  5  elevators,  2  flour-mills,  a  brick-yard,  a  cigar-fac- 
tory, and  quarries  of  granite.     Pop.  in  1890,  993. 

Dell  River,  a  small  stream  of  Sauk  co..  Wis.,  runs 
southeastward  and  northeastward,  and  enters  the  Wisconsin 
River  about  10  miles  N.  of  Baraboo. 

Dell  Roy,  formerly  Can'nonsburg,  a  post-villag* 
in  Monroe  township,  Carroll  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  &  Toledo 
Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Carrollton.  It  has  3  churches, 
an  academy,  and  a  coal-mine.     Pop.  about  700. 

Dell'ville,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co..  Pa. 

Delly,  a  town  of  the  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Dillt. 

Del'ly  Mount,  a  headland  of  British  India,  presidency 
of  Madras,  on  the  W.  coast,  15  miles  N.AV.  of  Cananore. 

Deilys,  dfirieez',  a  seaport  town  of  Algeria,  49  miles 
E.  of  Algiers.  It  is  built  out  of  the  ruins  of  an  ancient 
city,  supposed  to  bo  the  Jiiisiieurium  of  Pliny.  It  consists 
of  a  new  town,  well  built  in  the  European  style,  and  of  the 
old  Arab  town,  with  walls,  a  labyrinth  of  narrow  alleys. 
Pop.  11,122. 

DePmar',  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  at  the  N. 
terminus  of  the  Eastern  Shore  Railroad,  which  here  con- 
nects with  the  Delaware  Railroad.  It  is  97  miles  S.  of 
Wilmington,  at  the  Maryland  line.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
manufactory  of  peach-crates.     Pop.  about  200. 

Dclmar,  or  Delmar  Junction,  a  post-village  of 
Clinton  co.,  Iowa,  is  in  Bloomfield  township,  6  miles  S.  by 
E.  of  Maquoketa,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Rail- 
road, 37  miles  N.  of  Davenport,  and  17  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Clinton,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad. 
It  is  in  an  agricultural  district,  and  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
a  creamery,  a  wagon -shop,  and  a  newspaper  office.  It  has 
a  money-order  post-office,  named  Delmar;  and  the  name 
of  the  station  is  Delmar  Junction.     Pop.  in  1890,  518. 

Delmar,  a  post-township  of  Tioga  co..  Pa.,  is  in  part 
a  vast  hemlock  forest,  and  contains  a  portion  of  the  coal- 
mining town  of  Antrim,  which  was  founded  in  1872.  Pop. 
in  1890,  3081, 

Del'menhorst,  a  town  of  Germany,  grand  duchy  and 
16  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Oldenburg,     Pop,  2539, 

Delmont',  a  post-hamlet  of  Henderson  co.,  N.C,  8 
miles  W.  of  Hendersonville. 

Delmont,  a  post-borough  of  Westmoreland  oo.,  Pa.,  8 
miles  N.  of  Greensburg.  It  has  4  churches.  Coal  is  found 
here, 

Delmont,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  co.,  S  D.,  12  miles 
by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Tripp.  It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 
It  is  a  good  shipping  and  grain  market. 

Del  Norte,  d5l  nor'ti,  a  county  forming  the  N.AV.  ex- 
tremity of  California,  bordering  on  Oregon,  has  an  area  of 
about  1500  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  and  intersected  by  the  Klamath  River.  The 
surface  is  partly  mountainous,  and  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests  of  redwood  {Sequoia  eempervirens)  and  spruce. 
The  soil  produces  wheat,  potatoes,  oats,  <fec.  This  county 
has  several  gold-mines.  Capital.  Crescent  City.  Pop.  in 
1870,  2022;  in  1880,2584;  in  1890,  2592. 

Del  Norte,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Rio  Grande  oo., 
Col.,  is  on  the  Rio  Grande  del  Norte,  about  130  miles  S.W. 
of  Pueblo.  Altitude,  7400  feet.  It  is  one  of  the  principal 
towns  in  Southwestern  Colorado.  It  has  2  banks,  2  hotels, 
3  churches,  a  nev^spaper  office,  and  a  fine  school-building, 
and  is  the  base  of  supplies  for  the  San  Juan  mines.  It  is 
situated  where  the  river  emerges  from  its  mountain-canon 
and  enters  the  valley,  and  is  surrounded  by  grand  scenery. 
Pop.  in  1890,  736. 


Wh 


WW 


PEM 


Deloiny,  dil'un'yM',  »  ttntion  on  ib«  New  Orlenai  A 
T«^as  lUilruttd,  16  luilw  S.B.  of  UonulUgonvillo,  La. 

DcMoil', «po«it-villag«  of  Crawford  oo.,  lown,  6  inilos  N. 
of  DoiilKon,  nml  7i  iuUm  N.N.E.  of  Council  Bluffs.  It  has 
8  cliuruhw,  2  Huu^-nlill^  »nd  a  brooin-fiictory.     I'op.  10.3. 

Dclornilic,  d4ro-rAn',  a  town  of  Tiwiuunia,  ;52  miles 
by  rail  \V.  of  Launccs'lon.     Pop.,  with  surroundings,  3G70. 

Dc'los  (.iiAov),  modern  Sdili,  sdco'lco,  Dili,  or 
Mikra  Dili*  uiik'r&  dco'loc,  n  famous  islusd  of  (jreoce, 
■early  in  the  contra  of  the  Cychules.  It  wsut  regarded  with 
great  venemtion  by  the  ancients,  and  was  the  sent  of  a  cole- 
bruted  tomido  and  oracle  of  Apollo.  It  is  now  scarcely  in- 
bubited,  but  is  covered  with  ruins.  The  neighboring  island 
of  Hlicnca  is  also  known  by  the  name  of  Dili  (Sdili),  and  is 
•uuietiuics  called  the  Greater  Delos.  It  appears  to  have 
shared  in  the  sacred  character  of  tbo  smaller  island. 

I>C  l08  Patos*  Brazil.     Sec  Laqo  dk  los  Patos. 

DcloWt  d6-low',  or  DallH,  diU-loo',  a  town  of  Soodan, 
20  miles  S.E.  of  Boossa,  in  lat.  9°  55'  N.,  Ion.  5°  15'  E. 
Pop.  10,000.     It  was  formerly  the  capital  of  Mandaro. 

l>clphi«  a  mountain  of  Urcoce.    See  Eub<ka. 

Dcrphiy  a  small  town  of  ancient  Grooco,  Ln  Phocis, 
near  the  site  of  tbo  modern  Castui  (which  soo),  containing 
a  celebrated  oraclo  of  Apollo. 

Dcl'phi,  a  post-villnsc,  capital  of  Carrol]  co.,  Ind^  on 
Peer  Greek,  and  on  the  Wabiish  &,  Erie  Canal,  4  mile  S.E.  of 
the  Wabash  River,  and  on  the  Wabash  Ilailroad,  17  miles 
N.E.  of  Lafayette,  and  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Logansport.  It 
has  5  churches,  2  banks,  a  high  school,  2  paper-mills,  2 
flouring-roitls,  2  planingmills,  a  flax-mill,  and  2  news* 
paper  offices.  Delphi  has  a  large  manufactory  of  lime. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1923. 

Delphi,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ringgold  co.,  Iowa,  12  miles 
S.W.  of  Mount  Ayr. 

Delphi,  a  post-village  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  about  IS 
^iles  S.E.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  3  churches,  a  public  Bobool, 
and  manufactures  of  cignrs.     Pop.  about  230. 

Del'phos,  a  post-village  of  Ottawa  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Solomon  River,  12  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Minneapolis.  It  has 
6  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  lumber-  and 
grain-mill?.     Pop.  in  1890,  561. 

Delphos,  a  post-village  of  Allen  and  Van  Wert  cos., 
C,  at  the  junction  of  4  railroads,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Lima, 
and  45  miles  E.S.E.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  has  7  churches,  a 
flouring-mill,  2  banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  Franciscan 
convent,  a  paper-mill,  railroad  repair-shops,  and  manufac- 
tures of  barrels,  stares,  and  wheels.     Pup.  in  1890,  4516. 

DePray',  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  3  miles 
S.AV.  of  Detroit.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
manufactures  of  glue,  glass,  lumber,  and  sulphite  fibre. 

Delray,  a  post-hamlet  of  Upson  co.,  Qa.,  6  miles  N.  of 
Tbomasville.     It  has  2  stores. 

Del  Rey,  dSl  r&',  a  post-hamlet  of  Iroquois  co.,  111.,  at 
Spring  Creek  Station,  88  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Chicago. 

Del  Rio,  d£l  ree'o,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Val  Verde 
CO.,  Tex.,  3  miles  E.  of  the  Rio  Grande,  37  miles  by  rail 
W.N.W.  of  Spofford,  and  72  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Eagle 
Pass.  It  has  3  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  bajik,  &o. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1980. 

Delsberg,  a  town  of  Switzerland.    See  Del£mont. 

Del'ta  (the  name  of  the  Greek  letter  A),  a  term  often 
Itpplied  to  the  alluvial  tracts  enclosed  between  the  bifurcat- 
ing branches  of  a  river  and  their  common  recipient.  Deltas 
are  called  fluvial,  lacustrine,  mediterranean,  and  oceanic, 
according  to  the  recipient  of  the  streams  which  form  them. 
They  are  simple  deltas  when  the  stream  is  divided  Into  two 
branches  only,  and  compound  when  intersected  by  other 
branches.  The  principal  deltas  are  those  of  the  Nile,  Ganges, 
Niger,  and  Mississippi.  Dcltic  hrauchen  of  a  river  are  those 
which  enclose  a  delta,  and  dellic  islands  are  those  formed  by 
the  ana-deltic  branches  of  a  compound  delta. 

Del'ta,  a  county  in  the  upper  peninsula  of  Michigan, 
has  an  area  of  about  718  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
B.  by  Lake  Michigan,  and  intersected  by  the  Esonnaba, 
Hapid,  and  Whitefish  Rivers.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and 
iextensively  covered  with  forests.  It  has  abundance  of 
limestone  and  iron  ore.  Pig-iron  and  lumber  are  the  chief 
articles  of  export.  Capital,  Escanaba.  This  county  is  trav- 
ersed by  a  branch  of  tlie  Chicago  <t  Northwestern  Railroad. 
Pop.  in  1870,  2542;  in  1880,  6812;  in  1890,  15,330. 

Delta,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Texas,  is  drained 
"by  the  two  branches  of  the  Sulphdr  Fork  of  Red  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating  ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  The  county  has 
ft  triangular  shape,  and  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  branch 
called  North  Sulphur.    Capital,  Cooper.    Pop.  (1890)  9117. 

Delta,  a  post-hnmlet  of  Clay  «o.,  Aln.,  18  miles  S.E.  of 
Oxford.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 


Delta,  an  incorporated  post-town,  capital  of  Delta  oi., 
Col.,  57  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Grand  Junction.  It  has  3 
churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  3  planing-mills,  and 
a  box-faolory.     Pop.  in  1890,  470. 

Delta,  a  station  on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  A 
Wc.xicrn  Railroad,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Bloomington,  111. 

Delta,  a  post-village  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa,  7  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Sigourney,  and  IS  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Oskaloosa. 
It  has  3  ohurohes,  and  manufactures  of  brick  and  tile. 
Pop.  in  1890,  409. 

Delta,  or  Delta  Court-IIouxe,  a  post-viliHgo  of 
Madison  parish.  La.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  4  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Vicksburg,  and  17  miles  by  mil  E.  by  S.  of 
Tallulah.     It  has  a  church  and  a  public  school.     Pop.  320. 

Delta,  a  post-village  of  Eaton  co.,  Mich.,  is  on  Grand 
River,  in  Delta  township,  and  on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  it 
Northern  Railroad,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lansing,  and  17 
miles  (direct)  N.N.E.  of  Charlotte.  It  hns  3  churches,  a 
flour-mill,  a  lumber-mill,  and  an  oar-factory.  I'op.  of  the 
township,  1482. 

Delta,  a  post-villuge  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  is  in  Lee 
township,  6  miles  N.  of  Rome.  It  has  a  church,  a  common 
school,  and  several  stores  and  mills.     Pop.  about  270. 

Delta,  a  post-village  of  Fulton  co.,  0.,  in  York  town- 
ship, on  the  Air-Line  division  of  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan 
Southern  Railroad,  23  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Toledo,  and 
about  22  miles  S.  of  Adrian,  Mich.  It  has  a  bank,  a  graded 
school,  a  newspaper  office,  5  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
bricks  and  tiles,  oval  wood  dishes,  wsshing-machincs,  brooms, 
cheese,  flour,  and  lumber.  Here  is  a  chemical  laboratory. 
Pop.  in  1880,  859;  in  1890,  1132. 

Delta,  an  incorporated  post-borough  of  York  co.,  Pa., 
44  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Baltimore,  and  33  miles  by  rail  S.E. 
of  York.  It  has  4  churches,  2  national  banks,  2  newspaper 
offices,  electric  lights,  public  schools,  a  foundry,  a  slate- 
quarry,  machine-shops,  and  manufactures  of  coaches, 
cigars,  ic.     Pop.  in  1880,  269;  in  1890,  565. 

Delta,  a  post-office  of  Whatcom  co.,  Washington. 

Delta,  or  Bev'erley,  a  post-village  in  Leeds  co., 
Ontario,  on  Mill  Creek,  which  connects  Upper  and  Lower 
Beverley  Lakes,  24  miles  W.  of  Brockville.  It  bus  several 
stores,  hotels,  and  mills,  and  an  iron-foundry.     Pop.  300. 

Delta  Court-House,  Louisiana.    See  Delta. 

Dcl'to,  a  post-villuge  of  Laclede  co..  Mo.,  10  miles  S.E, 
of  Lebanon.  It  has  2  churches,  manufactures  of  flour  and 
lumber,  and  common  free  schools. 

Del'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barry  co.,  Mich.,  13  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Hastings.  It  has  a  church,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  manufactures  of  barrels,  flour,  tinware,  harness, 
Ac.     Pop.  about  200. 

Deiton,  a  post-village  of  Sauk  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Dell 
River,  nearly  2  miles  from  its  mouth,  3  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Kilbourn  City,  and  10  miles  N.  of  Baraboo.  It  has  a  churchy 
a  graded  school,  2  flour-mills,  a  cooperage,  and  a  washing- 
machine  factory.  The  river  affords  abundant  water-power. 
Pop.  of  Deiton  township,  829. 

Delude,  a  river  of  Michigan.     See  Black  River, 

Deluwi,  deroo-ce',  a  villivge  of  Persia,  in  Khorassan, 
140  miles  S.  of  Meshed.     Pop.  300. 

Dclval'ie,  a  post-village  of  Travis  co.,  Tex.,  6  miles 
from  Austin.     It  has  a  church  and  a  plough- factory. 

Dclvinachi,  dJi-ve-ni'kce,  a  village  of  European  Tur- 
key, containing  about  300  houses,  28  miles  E.  of  Delvino. 

Dclvino,  or  Dclbino,  ddl've-no,  a  town  of  Turkey, 
in  Albania,  47  miles  W.N.W.  of  Y'ojiina,  on  a  hill-slopo 
covered  with  olive  and  orange  plantations.     Pop.  10,000. 

Ucmak,  dim'ik',  or  Damuk,  di'mik',  a  town  on  the 
N.  coast  of  Java,  province  and  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  .Sama- 
rang,  on  the  river  of  the  same  name.  It  was  formerly  the 
capital  of  the  kingdom  of  Demak. 

Demar,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  Damar. 

Dcmarca'tion  Point,  a  cape  on  the  Arctic  coast  of 
North  America,  in  lat.  69°  45'  N.,  Ion.  141°  W.,  marking 
the  bournlary  between  British  America  and  Alaska. 

Dcm^arest',  a  post-hamlet  of  Bergen  co.,  N..J.,  on  the 
Northern  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  Xk  miles  from  the  Pali- 
sades, and  IS  miles  N.  of  New  York.     It  has  a  church. 

Demavend,  d6ra'A-v6nd',  a  volcanic  mountain  of  Per- 
sia,  and  the  loftiest  peak  of  the  Elbrooz  chain,  between  the 
provinces  of  Irak-Ajoraee  and  Mazanderan,  40  miles  N.E, 
of  Teheran.  It  has  an  elevation  of  21,000  feet.  Its  form  is 
conical,  with  a  crater-shaped  summit.  It  yields  large  quan- 
tities of  puinieo-stono  and  pure  sulidiur. 

Demavend,  a  town  of  Persia.  45  miles  E.  of  Teheran, 
at  the  S.  base  of  MouTit  Demavend.     Pop.  3000. 

Dembea,  d6m'be-.a,  improperly  pronounced  dftm-bce'a, 
written  also  Dambea,  or  Tzaaa,  a  lake  of  Abyssinia. 


DEM 


1023 


DEN 


In  lat.  12°  N.,  Ion.  37°  15'  E.  Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  60 
miles;  average  breadth,  25  miles.  It  contains  several 
islands,  the  largest  of  which  is  named  Dek,  and  at  its  S. 
part  is  traversed  by  the  Bahr-el-Azrok,  or  Blue  Nile. 

Dembia,  d3m'be-a,  a  river  of  Sierra  Leone,  supposed 
to  rise  in  the  mountainous  district  on  the  S.E.  of  Senegam- 
bia,  flows  in  a  S.W.  direction,  and  falls  into  the  Atlantic  at 
lat.  9°  45'  N. 

Dcmed,  dSm'W,  a  village  of  the  Algerian  Sahara,  174 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Algiers.     Pop.  about  2U0. 

Dement',  a  township  of  Oglo  co.,  111.     Pop,  1120. 

Demer,  di'm?r,  a  river  of  Belgium,  in  Limbourg  and 
South  Brabant,  joins  the  Dyle  6  miles  S.  of  Louvain,  after 
a  AV.  course  of  47  miles. 

Demerara,  d6m-§r-i'ra,  written  also  Demcrary,  a 
river  of  South  America,  in  British  Guiana,  rises  near  lat. 
5°  20'  N.,  and,  after  a  N.  course  of  perhaps  180  miles,  enters 
the  Atlantic  Ocosm  near  lat.  6°  50'  N.,  Ion.  58°  20'  W.,  by 
an  estuary,  on  the  E.  side  of  which  stands  Georgetown. 
Large  vessels  can  ascend  it  75  miles. 

Demerara,  a  county  of  British  Guiana,  has  a  sea-front 
of  65  miles,  extending  from  Abari  Creek,  on  the  E.,  to 
Boerasirie  Creek,  on  the  W.  Exports,  sugar,  molasses,  rum, 
timber,  &o.  Pop.  80,250,  exclusive  of  Georgetown,  the  cap- 
ital of  the  county  and  the  colony.  Demerara  was  once  a 
Dutch  colony. 

Demetrovicze,  the  Hungarian  for  Mitrowicz. 

Demianka,  d4-me-in'k3,,  a  river  of  Siberia,  rises  in 
Lake  Ooganskoe,  government  of  Tobolsk,  flows  E.,  and, 
after  a  course  of  about  200  miles,  joins  the  Irtish. 

Dcmiansk,  d4m-e-insk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  106  miles  S.E.  of  Novgorod.     Pop.  1890. 

Dem'ing,  a  post-hanalet  of  Hamilton  co.,  IncL,  about 
25  miles  N.  of  Indianapolis. 

Demiiig,  a  post-town  of  Grant  co..  New  Mexico,  88 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  El  Paso.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bunk, 
2  newspaper  offices,  and  sampling  works  for  gold,  silver,  and 
lead  ores.     Pop.  in  1890,  1136. 

Deming's  Bridge,  a  post-village  of  Matagorda  co., 
Tex.,  on  the  Colorado,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Columbia.  It  has 
several  churches. 

Dcmir-Hissar,  di-meer'-his*sar',  "  Iron  Castle"  (anc. 
IlerncWaf),  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in  Iloumelia,  on 
the  Kara  Soo,  13  miles  N.N.W.  of  Sores.     Pop.  8000. 

Demish,  dimmish',  written  also  Odemes,  a  commer- 
cial town  of  Asia  Minor,  50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Smyrna. 

Dcmmin,  dim-meen',  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania, 
25  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Stralsund,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Peeno,  the  Tollen,  and  the  Trebel.  It  has  manufactures  of 
hats,  woollens,  linen,  stockings,  and  leather,  distilleries,  brew- 
eries, and  a  trade  in  corn,  tobacco,  timber,  and  gloves.  It  is 
very  ancient,  and  celebrated  for  the  numerous  sieges  it  has 
sustained.    Its  fortifications  were  razed  in  1759.    Pop.  9784. 

Demmit,  a  county  of  Texas.    See  Dimmit. 

Demm'ler,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  the  8th 
ward  of  McKeesport.  Here  are  manufactures  of  sheet- 
iron  and  tin-plate. 

Democ'racy,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  0.,  in  Pike 
township,  8  miles  N.N.B.  of  Mount  Vernon,  It  has  3 
churches. 

Dem'ocrat,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1122. 

Democrat,  a  post-office  of  Buncombe  co.,  N.C. 

Demonesoi,  Sea  of  Marmora.    See  Princes'  Islands. 

Demonte,  di-mon'td,  a  fortified  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  15  miles  S.W.  of  Coni,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Stura.     Pop.  6166. 

Demop'olis,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Marengo  co., 
Ala.,  is  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Tombigbee  Kiver,  nearly  1 
mile  below  the  mouth  of  the  Black  AVarrior,  and  on  the 
Alabama  Central  Eailroad,  50  miles  W.  of  Selma,  and  68 
miles  E.  by  N.  from  Meridian.  It  has  9  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  2  academies,  2  banks,  a  cotton-seed-oil  mill, 
cotton-compress,  an  ice  factory,  Ac.  Cotton  is  shipped  here 
in  steamboats  to  Mobile  in  all  seasons.    Pop.  in  1890,  1898. 

Demurest',  a  post-village  of  Habersham  co.,  Ga.,  3 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Clarksville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  knitted  goods, 
saddles,  glue,  tin,  spokes,  and  handles.     Pop.  208. 

Demorest'ville,  formerly  Smith's  Mills,  a  post- 
village  in  Prince  Edward  co.,  Ontario,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Pic- 
ton.  It  has  a  good  trade  in  hops,  grain,  and  lumber,  and 
has  woollen-,  flouring-,  and  saw-mills.     Pop.  300. 

Demos,  Belmont  CO.,  0.     See  Centreville. 

De  Moss'ville,  a  post-villnge  of  Pendleton  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Licking  River,  and  on  the  Kentucky  Central  Railroad, 
25  miles  S.  of  Covington.     It  has  a  church  and  2  tobacco- 
warehouses.    Pop.  about  200. 
39 


Demotica,  de-mot'e-k4  (ano.  Dkhjmotichoi  t),  a  town 
of  European  Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  on  the  Maritza,  at  the 
foot  of  a  castle-crowned  hill,  25  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Adrian- 
ople.  Pop.  8000.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  several  Greeki 
churches  and  schools. 

De  Motte,  a  post-village  of  Jasper  co.,  Ind.,  7  milea 
by  rail  W.  of  Wheatfield,  and  22  miles  (direct)  N.  by  W.  of 
Rensselaer.     It  has  manufactures  of  lumber. 

Demp'sey,  a  post-village  of  Dodge  co.,  Ga.,  5  miles 
from  Eastman.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Dempsey's  Corner,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.. 
Nova  Scotia,  2  miles  from  Aylesford.     Poj).  150. 

Demp'seytown,  a  post-village  of  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  * 
miles  N.W.  of  Oil  City,  and  about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Titus- 
villo.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  graded  school. 

Demter,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Deventer. 

Denain,  d^h-niN"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  14  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Douai.  It  has  coal-mines,  iron-works,  and 
distilleries.     Pop.  11,849;  of  the  commune,  14,419. 

Denbigh,  dSn'bce,  or  Denbighshire,  din'bee-shir, 
a  county  of  Wales,  having  N.  the  Irish  Sea.  Area,  613 
square  miles,  of  which  less  than  one-half  is  arable,  the  rest 
t)eing  chiefly  in  pasture.  The  surface  is  mostly  rugged  and 
mountainous,  but  it  contains  the  fertile  valley  of  Llangollen. 
The  principal  rivers  are  the  Clwyd,  Dee,  Conway,  and  Vallo- 
Crucis.  The  Conway  forms  its  W.  and  the  Dee  the  greater 
part  of  its  E.  boundary.  Wool  is  manufactured  into  stock- 
ings, flannel,  and  coarse  cloths  by  the  rural  population. 
Coal,  lead,  iron,  slate,  limestone,  grindstones,  and  flagstones 
abound.  The  lead  ores  yield  some  silver.  'The  county  i» 
traversed  by  numerous  railways.  The  chief  towns  are  Den- 
bigh, Ruthin,  Wrexham,  Llanrwst,  Abergeley,  Holt,  and 
Ruabon.     Pop.  in  1891,  117,950. 

Denbigh,  a  town  of  Wales,  capital  of  the  eo.  of  Don- 
high,  at  a  railway  junction,  5  miles  S.  of  St.  Asaph.  It 
stands  on  a  steep  acclivity,  crowned  by  the  ruins  of  its 
stately  castle,  and  has  many  handsome  antique  houses,  an 
old  parish  church,  an  ancient  chapel,  2  free  schools,  a  town 
hall,  an  orphan  school,  an  assembly-room,  and  a  market- 
house,  with  manufactures  of  gloves  and  shoes.     Pop.  4276. 

Denbighshire,  Wales.     See  Denbigh. 

Den  Uommel,  Netherlands.    See  Bommel. 

Deu'by,  a  village  of  England,  co.  and  7  miles  by  rail 
N.N.E.  of  Derby.  Pop.  of  parish,  1362.  It  has  extensive 
collieries. 

Denby,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West  Riding, 
8  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Barnsley.     Pop.  of  parish,  1637. 

Dcnbych-y-Pysgod,  the  Welsh  name  of  Tenby. 

Dender,  dfin'd^r,  a  navigable  river  of  Belgium,  prov- 
inces of  Ilainaut  and  East  Flanders,  after  a  N.  course  of 
42  miles  joins  the  Scheldt  at  Dendermonde. 

Dender,  ddn'd^r,  a  river  of  Nubia,  tributary  to  the 
Blue  Nile,  which  it  joins  40  miles  N.  of  Sennaar,  after  a 
N.AV.  course  of  250  miles. 

Denderah,  d6n'd§r-&  (ano.  Ten'tyra),  a  village  of 
Upper  Egypt,  near  the  left  bank  of  the  Nile,  opposite 
Keneh,  important  for  its  antiquities,  and  especially  for  its 
grand  temple,  which  is  220  feet  in  length  by  50  in  breadth, 
with  a  portico  supported  by  24  columns.     See  Esneh. 

Dendermonde,  ddn'd^r-m6n'deh,  Dendermond* 
dfinM^r-mdnt',  or  Termonde,  tir-mAn'd^h  (Fr.  pron. 
tflR'mdxd'),  a  fortified  town  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanders, 
at  the  confluence  of  the  Dender  and  the  Scheldt,  and  at  a 
railway  junction,  16  miles  E.  of  Ghent.  It  has  a  town  hall, 
a  hospital,  lunatic  and  orphan  asylums,  several  churches 
and  convents,  and  manufactures  of  cotton  yarn,  lace,  and 
woollens.     Pop.  8300. 

Dcnegontium,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Diooin. 

Denekamp,  d£n"?-kimp',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Overyssel,  5i  miles  N.E.  of  Oldenzaal.     Pop.  4194. 

Den  Ham,  ddn  him,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Overyssel,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Deventer. 

Den  Uelder,  atown  of  the  Netherlands.   SeoIlELnER.' 

Den'holm,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Roxburgh,  5' 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Hawick.     Pop.  669. 

Den'holme  Gate,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,' 
West  Riding,  5i  miles  AV.  of  Bradford.     Pop.  3469.  : 

Denia,  dd.-nee'i,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Alicante, 
on  the  Mediterranean,  13  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Oliva. 
It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  and  linen  cloths.    Pop.  2619. 

De  Nieuwe  Maas.     See  Maas,  The  New. 

Denii'iquin,  a  post-town  of  Australia,  New  South 
Wales,  CO.  of  Townsend,  on  the  Edwards  River,  488  miles' 
S.W.  of  Sydney.     Pop.  1118. 

Den'is  (or  Orixa,  o-ree'shi)  Islands,  the  north- 
easternmost  group  of  the  Seychelles.  Lat.  3°  49'  S.  j  Ion. 
55°44'E. 


DEN 


1024 


t>mt 


Drnison,  of  Illinoh  and  Miohtgan.    8m  Dknniso!!. 

Den'iaon,  »  i>o«t-villag«,  oapiUl  of  Crawford  co.,  Iowa, 
in  UenUon  township,  on  the  Boyor  RJvcr,  and  on  the  CbU 
fl*go  A  NorthwMtorn  Kailroa«l,  65  inilea  K.N.B.  of  Council 
Bluff*,  and  134  miles  N. W.  of  De<  Moines.  It  has  A  churches, 
S  banks,  graded  sohoola,  3  elevators,  2  flour-uills,  4  news- 
paper uffioas,  and  a  sash>,  blind-,  and  moulding-fuctory. 
Pop.  in  ISVU,  1782;  of  the  township,  2503. 

Denisoilt  a  uost-hnmlct  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  in 
Unity  totrnship,  1  mile  from  Carney  Railroad  Station.  It 
hM  2  oburebee,  a  common  school,  and  a  store. 

I>eilisoa«  a  post-villiige  of  Jackson  co.,  Kansas,  10 
■il«i  by  rail  S.K.  of  Holton.  It  has  4  churches  and  a 
graded  school.     Pop.  125. 

Denison,  a  flourishing  city  of  Grayson  co.,  Tex.,  is  3 
milea  8.  of  Rod  River,  10  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Sherman,  and 
338  milea  N.  of  Houston.  It  is  the  largest  town  in  tlie 
oonnty,  and  ia  the  state  head-quarters  of  the  Missouri, 
Kau!<iis  i  Texas  Railroad,  and  the  N.  terminus  of  the 
Houston  A  Texas  Central  Railroad.  It  has  9  churches,  3 
national  banks,  public  schools,  a  cotton-mill,  a  rolling-mill, 
a  canning-factory,  railroad  machine-  and  car-shops,  Ao, 
Three  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 
Pop.  in  18S0,  3975;  in  1890,  10,958. 

Denison's  Corners,  a  hamle^  of  Ontario  co.,  N.T., 
3  miles  from  Livonia  Station. 

Dcn'ison's  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Richmond  co., 
Quebec,  7  miles  N.  of  Richmond.     Pop.  150. 

Dcu'iston,  or  Pic'cadilly,  a  post-village  in  Adding- 
ton  CO.,  Ontario,  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Kingston.     Pop.  100. 

Dcnizli,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Deokizli. 

Denkcndorf,  dfink'?n-doRr,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg, 
3  milos  8.  of  Ksslingcn.     Pop.  1408. 

Dcn'mau's  Cross  Roads,  a  hamlet  of  Licking  co., 
C,  in  Perry  township. 

Deu'inark(Dan. i>anmar^-, din'mank;  Qer. DUnemark, 
di'n^h-mank' ;  Dutch,  Deenemerken,  dA,'n?h-mfln'ken  ;  Fr. 
Danemark,  din^mank' ;  It.  Danemarka,  dil-nd.-maR'k& ; 
Sp.  Dinamarca,  de-n&,-maR-kil ;  L,  Da'nia),  a  kingdom 
or  Europe,  comprising  the  peninsula  of  Jutland  and  a 
group  of  islands  in  the  Baltic,  and  lying  between  54°  34' 
and  57°  44'  52"  N.  lat.  and  8°  4'  and  12°  34'  E.  Ion.,  with 
the  exception  of  the  island  of  Bornholm,  which  lies  between 
14°  42'  and  15°  10'  E.  Ion.  It  is  bounded  N.  by  the  Skager 
Rack,  E.  by  the  Cattegat,  the  Sound,  and  the  Baltic,  S.  by  the 
Baltic,  the  Little  Belt,  and  the  German  duchy  of  Sleswick, 
and  AV.  by  the  North  Sea.  The  largest  island  is  Seeland, 
Sjailand,  or  Zealand,  on  which  is  Copenhagen,  the  capital ; 
the  next  in  size  is  Funen  or  Fyen,  divided  from  Jutland  by 
only  a  minute  channel;  after  which  come  Laaland,  Born- 
holm,  Falster,  Langeland,  Mocn,  Samsoe,  Aoroe,  Amager, 
LUsoe,  and  Anholt,  here  enumerated  in  the  order  of  their 
importance.  Denmark  is  divided  into  7  provinces,  3  insular 
and  4  on  the  mainland.  The  insular  are  Sccland,  Laaland 
and  Falster,  and  Funen ;  the  mainland,  Aarhuus,  Aalborg, 
Viborg,  and  Ribe.  Area,  14,553  square  miles.  Pop.  in 
1876,  1,903,000;  in  1880,  1,969,039;  in  1890,  2,185,159. 

Phytical  Featuret  and  Geology. — The  coast  is  generally 
low  and  sandy,  the  western  coast  of  Jutland  being  a  suc- 
cession of  sand-ridges  and  shallow  lagoons,  dangerous  to 
shipping.  The  eastern  coast  is  not  so  inhospitable,  and 
snntains  several  excellent  harbors,  especially  in  the  islands. 
The  long  fjords  or  firth.s,  winding  inlets  of  the  sea  pene- 
trating far  into  the  land,  constitute  the  most  distinctive 
physical  feature.  The  most  remarkable  of  these  is  the 
Lymfiord  or  LUmfiord,  which  crosses  Jutland,  so  that  its 
N.  portion  is  insular.  Inland  the  surface  is  low,  the  highest 
point,  the  Ilimmclberget,  in  Jutland,  being  only  550  feet 
wjbovo  the  sea.  Though  low,  the  surface  is  pleasantly  diver- 
sified, rising  a  little  at  the  coast.  The  landscape  of  the 
islands  and  the  southeastern  part  of  Jutland  is  rich  in 
beech  woods,  corn-fields,  and  meadows,  but  in  the  western 
and  northern  districts  of  Jutland  this  gives  place  to  a  wide 
expanse  of  moorland  covered  with  heather.  There  are 
neither  rivers  nor  lakes  of  consequence,  the  Guden,  the 
largest  Danish  stream,  being  little  more  than  a  brook.  All 
the  Danish  rocks  belong  to  the  upper  series  of  the  secondary 
And  to  the  tertiary  formation,  and  have  been  deposited  in 
regular  succession.  The  rook  most  fully  developed  is  chalk ; 
above  the  chalk  lies  an  extensive  boulder  formation,  imme- 
diately above  which  are  thick  beds  of  clay  and  marl. 

Clitiinte. — The  climate  presents  no  remarkable  features, 
much  resembling  that  of  Scotland,  except  that  its  transi- 
tions are  more  rapid.  Its  main  feature  is  humidity.  The 
inean  temperature  of  Copenhagen  is  32°. 9  Fahr.  in  winter 
and  63°.5  in  summer.  Snow  falls  on  an  average  30  days 
In  the  year,  and  storms  of  wind  and  rain  are  frequent. 


Fattna  and  Flora. — The  fauna  presents  no  special  pecu< 
liaritics.  All  the  larger  wild  quadrupeds,  even  tne  red  deer, 
are  now  extinct.  The  usual  domestic  animals  ore  abundant, 
with  the  exception  of  the  goat.  The  flora  presents  a  greater 
variety.  The  ordinary  North  European  plants  grow  luxu- 
riantly in  the  mild  and  protected  soil  of  the  ea-xtern  coast 
and  the  islands,  while  on  the  heaths  and  sand-hills  of  the 
Atlantic  a  great  variety  of  unusual  species  flourishes.  The 
Danish  forests  are  almost  entirely  made  up  of  beech.  So  late 
as  the  reign  of  Christian  IV.,  the  oak  was  the  characteristic 
tree,  but  both  it  and  the  ash  are  now  exceedingly  rare.  Ex- 
cept in  Bornholm,  no  conifer  grows  in  Denmark  save  under 
cultivation.  There  the  pine,  birch,  and  ash  are  the  most 
abundant  trees. 

Ayrictdture. — Denmark  is  essentially  an  agricultural 
country.  In  relation  to  its  size,  no  country  in  Europe,  ex- 
cept Belgium  and  England,  can  compete  with  it  as  a  grain- 
producer.  The  principal  cereals  are  wheat,  oats,  barley, 
and  ryoi  except  tnat  on  the  light  and  sandy  soils  buckwheat 
takes  their  place.  The  potato  is  largely  cultivated,  as  well 
as  pease,  clover,  vetches,  and  turnips.  The  usual  European 
fruit  trees  and  bushes,  as  apples,  pears,  plums,  cherries,  goose- 
berries, raspberries,  and  currants,  produce  good  crojia,  and 
oven  peaches  and  apricots  ripen  in  sheltered  spots.  Notwith- 
standing its  great  extent  of  pasture-land,  Denmark  pro- 
duces more  grain  than  is  required  for  her  consumption,  the 
exports  of  grain  and  flour  amounting  yearly  to  $5,500,000. 
But  cattle-breeding  and  dairy-husbandry  are  the  great  fea- 
tures of  Danish  agriculture  and  the  leading  industries  of 
the  country.  Live-stock — oxen  and  bulls,  cows  and  calves, 
sheep,  hogs,  and  horses — is  annually  exported  to  the  value 
of  upwards  of  $6,000,000,  while  the  value  of  the  butter  ex- 
ported often  exceeds  $6,500,000.  Large  quantities  of  cheese 
are  also  sent  abroad,  especially  to  England.  The  land  is 
minutely  subdivided,  owing  partly  to  the  state  of  the  law, 
which  prohibits  the  union  of  small  farms  and  encourages 
the  parcelling  out  of  landed  property.  The  larger  estates 
of  the  nobles  are  generally  let  out  to  tenant-farmers,  but 
much  the  greater  part  of  the  land  is  possessed  by  peasant 
proprietors  (bonder),  who  maintain  a  hereditary  attachment 
to  their  ancestral  farms. 

Minerals. — The  mineral  products  are  unimportant,  Den- 
mark being  in  this  respect  one  of  the  poorest  countries  of 
Europe.  In  the  island  of  Bornholm  there  are  quarries  of 
freestone  and  marble.  But  little  coal  has  been  discovered, 
and  most  of  the  peasants  burn  turf  and  peat  for  house-fuel. 

Manufactures  and  Commerce. — Manufacturing  is  not  car- 
ried on  to  any  large  extent.  The  most  notable  manufacture 
is  that  of  porcelain,  the  principal  establishment  being  in 
the  hands  of  the  state.  The  Copenhagen  potters  arc  now 
famous  for  very  graceful  designs,  and  their  products  in  por- 
celain have  a  distinctive  character,  the  artistic  creations  of 
Thorwaldsen  being  largely  repeated  and  imitated.  There 
are  considerable  iron-foundries,  12  of  which  are  around 
Copenhagen.  In  the  same  city  there  are  manufactures  of 
locomotives  and  machinery.  Thewoollcn-,  linen-,  and  cotton- 
manufactures  are  mostly  domestic  and  carried  on  for  local 
consumption.  Sugar-refineries  prepare  most  of  the  sugar 
from  beets  for  the  home  market.  Amber  is  gathered  to  the 
extent  of  from  1600  to  2200  pounds  annually.  The  com- 
merce of  Denmark  is  carried  on  mainly  with  Germany,  Great 
Britain,  Sweden,  and  Norway.  The  amount  of  its  imports 
is  about  $03,000,000  a  year,  and  of  its  exports,  $47,000,000. 
The  chief  imports  are  metals  and  ores,  coal,  cotton  and . 
woollen  goods,  silks,  sugar,  coffee,  salt,  rice,  oil,  and  tobacco; 
the  exports  consist  chiefly  of  agricultural  produce,  as  gr.ain, 
meal  and  flour,  cattle,  butter,  cheese,  hams,  sides,  bones, 
wool,  rape  and  other  seeds  for  oil,  and  manufactured  oil- 
cake. Formerly  the  commercial  legislation  of  Denmark 
was  of  a  highly  restrictive  character.  Having  possession 
of  both  sides  of  the  entrance  to  the  Baltic,  she  looked  on 
the  Sound  as  her  own,  and  refused  to  admit  foreign  vessels 
without  payment  of  toll.  Now  a  more  liberal  system  pre- 
vails, and  the  toll  is  totally  abolished.  The  commercial 
marine  consists  of  about  3600  vessels,  of  an  aggregate  burden 
of  325,000  tons,  of  which  about  350,  aggregating  115,000  tons, 
are  ste:imers.  The  most  important  seaports  are  Copen- 
hagen, Aalborg,  Aarhuus,  Elsinore,  Corsoer,  Frederikshavn, 
and  Randers.  The  Danish  herring-fisheries  were  formerly 
important,  but  the  quantity  of  herrings  taken  now  does  not 
suSice  for  home  consumption.  Turbot,  torsk,  and  salmon 
arc  caught,  and  oyster-beds  occur  on  the  east  coast  a.'i  J  else- 
where. The  seal-fisheries  are  considerable,  the  principal 
station  being  the  island  of  Anholt. 

Government,  Army  and  Navy. — Till  1660  the  succession 
to  the  crown  was  elective.  After  that  period  it  became 
hereditary,  and  the  government  despotic.     By  a  charter 


DEN 


1025 


DEN 


adopted  by  tho  king  in  1849,  it  is  declared  tliat  while  the 
executive  power  is  in  the  king  alone,  tho  legislative  is  in 
tho  king  and  diet  jointly :  so  that  Denmark  is  now  a  hered- 
itary constitutional  monarchy.  The  diet  consists  of  two 
houses,  called  respectively  the  Folksthing  and  the  Lands- 
thin".  The  former  has  the  privilege  of  discussing  the 
budget  and  other  public  questions,  while  the  latter  is  con- 
fined to  local  affairs.  Liberty  of  the  press  and  inviolability 
of  person  and  property  are  guaranteed,  and  there  is  no  dis- 
qualification for  religious  belief.  The  privy  council  con- 
gists  of  the  king,  the  crown  prince,  and  the  ministers.  The 
hereditary  nobility  of  Denmark  has  been  abolished.  The 
regular  army  contains  (1891)  1200  ofiBcers  and  41,750  men, 
exclusive  of  a  reserve  of  16,600  officers  and  men.  The  navy 
has  67  vessels,  of  which  10  are  iron-clads,  carrying  an  ag- 
gregate of  57  guns.  All  the  able-bodied  young  men  of 
the  age  of  22  are  liable  to  service  for  8  years  in  the  regular 
army  and  subsequently  for  8  years  in  the  reserve. 

Jiailways,  Canals,  and  Telegraphs. — There  are  about  1250 
miles  of  railways  open  for  traffic,  and  two  canals,  one  in  the 
island  of  Seeland  and  the  other  in  Funen.  The  total  length 
of  telegraph  lines  is  about  4000  miles. 

Colonies  and  Dependencies. — The  colonial  possessions  con- 
gist  mainly  of  islands  in  Europe  and  America.  They  in- 
clude Iceland,  the  Fiiroe  Isles  and  Greenland,  and  Santa 
Cruz,  St.  Thomas,  and  St.  John  in  the  West  Indies. 

Church  and  Education. — Tho  established  religion  is  Lu- 
theran, but  unlimited  toleration  is  conceded  to  all,  no  man 
being  bound  to  contribute  to  support  a  form  of  worship  of 
which  he  is  not  a  member.  The  church  is  under  7  bishops, 
who  are  nominated  by  the  crown.  The  Bishop  of  Seeland 
or  Roeskilde  is  the  metropolitan,  and  the  sees  of  the  other 
bishops  correspond  to  the  other  6  provinces.  Dissent  is 
comparatively  unknown.  Elementary  education  is  widely 
diffused,  attendance  at  school  being  obligatory  from  tho  age 
of  7  to  14.  Education  is  afforded  gratuitously  to  the  chil- 
dren of  those  who  cannot  pay.  Besides  the  University  of 
Copenhagen,  there  are  13  public  gymnasia  or  colleges  in  the 
principal  towns  for  classical  education,  and  under  them  a 
large  number  of  middle  schools  for  the  children  of  the 
trading  and  upper  working  classes,  and  2940  parochial 
schools.     There  are  5  normal  schools  for  training  teachers. 

Literature,  Science,  and  Art. — Although  the  literature 
of  Denmark  is  not  much  known  in  other  countries,  it  con- 
tains several  names  of  eminence,  as  those  of  Oehlenschlilger 
the  dramatist,  Ingemann  the  novelist,  and  Hans  Christian 
Andersen,  the  greatest  of  modern  fabulists.  In  science, 
Denmark  early  attained  eminence  in  the  person  of  Tycho 
Brahe,  and  still  continues  to  maintain  a  high  reputation 
in  various  departments  of  inquiry.  Stecnstrup  the  zoolo- 
gist and  Madvig  the  philologist  are  names  well  and  widely 
known.  In  art,  Thorwaldsen  h.as  given  her  a  first  place. 
In  archseology  there  are  few  names  higher  than  that  of 
Worsaae.  Denmark  is  especially  the  land  of  antiquities,  its 
kjokken-moddings  (kitchen-middens  or  refuse-heaps),  in 
which  relics  of  the  aboriginal  inhabitants  are  found,  con- 
stituting its  peculiar  feature. 

History. — The  earliest  settlers  in  Denmark  of  whom  his- 
tory leaves  any  record  were  the  Cimbri,  who  defeated  tho 
Romans  and  ravaged  Europe,  100  B.C.  From  them  the 
mainland  received  its  name  of  the  Cimbrian  Chersonese. 
We  next  hear  of  a  Gothic  race  occupying  the  land,  under 
their  mythical  chief  Odin,  whose  successors  made  them- 
selves the  terror  of  Western  Europe,  under  the  name  of 
Northmen  or  Vikings.  The  deeds  of  tho  early  heroes  are 
celebrated  in  the  Eddas.     These  Northmen  seized  a  large 

Sart  of  France,  which  from  them  still  bears  the  name  of 
formandy.  They  made  several  incursions  into  Britain, 
founding  settlements,  especially  in  the  islands  and  on  the 
eastern  coasts.  Three  successive  Danish  kings  (Canute,  Har- 
old, Ilardicanute)  ruled  England  from  1017  to  1042.  After 
their  conversion  to  Christianity,  this  people  so  extended 
their  sway  that  the  Baltic  was  regarded  as  a  Danish  inland 
sea.  In  1397,  Margaret  of  Denmark,  by  the  treaty  of  Kol- 
mar,  united  tho  three  Scandinavian  kingdoms,  and  after 
the  dissolution  of  the  union  tho  Danes  retained  Norway 
p\\  1814,  when  it  was  ceded  to  Sweden.  In  1848  the 
duchies  of  Sleswick  and  Holstein  revolted  against  Danish 
rule,  and  appealed  to  the  German  powers  for  support. 
Prussia  sent  an  army,  and,  after  some  indecisive  battles, 
Austria  intervened,  the  result  being  that  the  duchies  re- 
turned under  Danish  sway  in  terms  of  the  protocol  of  Lon- 
don, 1862.  The  duchies  again  revolted  in  1863,  and  the 
armies  of  Prussia  and  Austria  entered  t^ho  country  in  their 
su])port.  The  Danes  retreated  to  DUppel,  which  was  cap- 
tured, whereupon  the  differences  were  referred  to  a  con- 
gress of  tho  Great  Powers,  which  met  at  Vienna  in  1864. 


In  terms  of  the  treaty  there  made,  Denmark  renounced  it« 
claim  to  Sleswick,  Holstein,  and  Lauenburg,  which  hav« 

since   become   part  of  Prussia. Adj.   Danish,    diV'nish 

(Dan.  Dansk,  dinsk;  Ger.  Danisch,  dA'nish;  Fr.  DANOfS, 
dil'nwa';  It.  Danese,  di-nVsi;  Sp.  Dinamarques,  de-ni 
raan'kSs,  or  Danes,  da,'nfis^);  inhab.  Dane,  dain  (Dan. 
Dansk,  dinsk  ;  Ger.  Dane,  di'n?h). 

Den'mark,  a  post-hamlet  of  White  co..  Ark.,  8  mile* 
N.W.  of  Bradford  Railroad  Station,  and  18  miles  N.  by  E. 
of  Searcy.     It  has  a  church  and  a  graded  school. 

Denmark,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co..  III.,  in  Cutler 
township,  60  miles  S.S.B.  of  Belleville.     It  has  a  church. 

Denmark,  a  posthamlet  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.,  in  Marion 
township,  5  miles  E.  of  Clay  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Denmark,  a  post-village  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa,  in  Denmark 
township,  about  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Burlington.  It  con- 
tains the  Denmark  Academy,  2  churches,  and  wagon-  and 
carriiige-factories.  Pop.  276.  The  township  is  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  by  Skunk  River.     Pop.  817. 

Denmark,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Kansas. 

Denmark,  a  village  of  Catahoula  parish,  La.,  on  the 
Tensas  River,  15  miles  W.  of  Waterproof.  It  has  2  churches. 
Here  is  Wildwood  Post-Office. 

Denmark,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oxford  co..  Me.,  in  Den- 
mark township,  about  40  miles  N.W.  of  Portland.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  carriage-factory,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  sash-' 
and  blind-factory.  The  township  is  bounded  on  tho  S.W. 
by  the  Saco  River.     Pop.  766. 

Denmark^,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich.,  in  Den- 
mark township,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Bay  City.     Pop.  888. 

Denmark,  a  station  on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  &  North- 
ern Railroad,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Greenville,  Mich. 

Denmark,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Minn.,  2 
miles  N.  of  Hastings,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  St.  Croix 
River,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  Mississippi.     Pop.  744. 

Denmark,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lafayette  co..  Miss.,  12 
miles  S.E.  of  Oxford. 

Denmark,  a  hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  about  5  miles 
N.  of  Rockaway. 

Denmark,  a  post-village  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Den- 
mark township,  on  the  Utica  &  Black  River  Railroad,  6  or 
7  miles  S.  of  Carthage.  It  has  a  church.  The  township  is 
bounded  on  tho  N.E.  by  Black  River,  and  contains  a  larger 
village,  named  Copenhagen,  also  tho  village  of  Deer  River. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1984. 

Denmark,  a  post-township  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0.,  2  miles 
E.  of  Jefferson.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  544. 

Denmark,  a  hamlet  of  Morrow  co.,  0.,  6  miles  N.W. 
of  Mount  Gilead,  and  4  miles  N.W.  of  Gilead  Station.  It 
has  a  graded  school.     Here  is  Marits  Post-Office. 

Denmark,  a  post-village  of  Curry  co.,  Oregon,  21  miles 
N.  of  Gold  Beach.     It  has  a  church  and  a  sandstone-works. 

Denmark,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Tenn.,  about 
14  miles  S.W.  of  Jackson.     It  has  3  churches. 

Denmark,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  co..  Wis.,  in  New 
Denmark  township,  about  16  miles  S.E.  of  Green  Bay.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  cheese- factory,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Dennewitz,  d5n'n§h-*its\  a  village  of  Prussia,  in 
Brandenburg,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Jiiterbogk.     Pop.  322. 

Den'ning,  a  post-village  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Den- 
ning township,  about  26  miles  W.  of  Kingston.  It  has  a 
church,  knife-works,  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  897. 

Dennings,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  4J  miles- 
S.E.  of  New  Windsor.     It  has  2  churches. 

Den'nis,  a  hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  Ga.,  8  miles  by  rail 
S.  by  E.  of  Eatonton.     It  has  a  church. 

Dennis,  a  post-village  of  Labette  co.,  Kansas,  8  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Parsons.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  graded 
school.     Pop.  about  200. 

Dennis,  a  post-township  of  Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  Cape  Cod  Bay,  and  on  the  S.  by  th» 
Atlantic  Ocean.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Old  Colony  Rail- 
road, and  contains  villages  named  Dennis,  Dennisport,  East 
Dennis,  South  Dennis,  and  West  Dennis.  It  is  a  part  of  the 
peninsula  of  Cape  Cod.     Pop.  3369. 

Dennis,  a  post-village  of  Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Dennis  township,  about  1  mile  from  tho  sea,  and  70  miles 
by  water  S.E.  of  Boston.     It  has  a  church. 

Dennis,  a  post-offico  of  Wright  co..  Mo. 

Dennis,  a  township  of  Capo  May  co.,  N.J.,  extends 
across  the  cape,  and  is  traversed  by  tho  Cape  May  &  Mill- 
ville  Railroad.  Pop.  1640.  It  contains  Seaville,  South 
Dennis,  East  Creek,  and  Dennisville. 

Dennis  Mills,  a  post-offiee  of  St.  Helena  parish.  La.   ■ 

Den'nison,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clark  co..  III.,  7  miles  by 
rail  N.E.  of  Marshall,  and  11  miles  W.  of  Terro  Haute, 
Ind.     It  has  a  church  and  a  oommoa  school. 


VESf 


102C 


J>E» 


DcnnUon,  Iow».    Sm  Dexisu:*. 

I>(>uuiNUii,  %  po«t-biiul«t  of  OtUiwa  co.,  Mich.,  in  Polk, 
ton  township,  ua  the  Detroit  A,  Mtlwaukue  lUilrmul,  13 
milM  K.  of  Unmd  llaven.     It  has  a  luiubor-niill  unJ  a  Htor«. 

DennitOMf  a  poot-village  of  TuHoara\T«8  co.,  O.,  ou 
tk«  Pittaburg,  Cinoioaati.  Chiougo  A  St.  Luuin  Riiilrotul, 
100  mile*  E.N.E.  of  Coluiubw,  i  mile  from  Ubriolisvillr, 
•nd  ftbout  SO  milw  8.  of  Canton.  It  bui  6  oUurehor,  a  nuwt- 
p«p«r  offiee,  »  union  aobool,  iew«r-|>i|>«  and  brick-works, 
and  railroad  workshops.     Pop.  2U26.     Se«  also  Shkhman. 

Denaiaon,  a  township  of  Luzerne  o<>.,  I'o.  Pup.  iil72, 
exelusive  of  White  Ilaven.     It  ountitins  Muosohead. 

Denniiiou's  Corners^  a  hamlet  of  llurkimor  oo., 
N.Y.,  in  Columbia  and  Uennan  Flati  towntibipg,  5^  luiloa 
S.  of  liorkimor.     It  has  a  church  and  a  chuo.se-fuctury. 

Dcn^nisport'f  a  post-villugo  of  Jiamstuble  co.,  Mass., 
In  Dennis  town^ihip,  about  45  uiilod  E.  of  Xow  liodfurd,  and 
2  miles  S.  of  the  Old  Colony  Uailroad.  It  has  a  manufac- 
tory uf  fi.sh -barrels,  and  is  mainly  8U])portod  by  navigation 
and  the  fisheries. 

Den'nisvillef  a  post-village  of  Cupo  May  oo.,  N..T.,  on 
Dennis  Creek,  in  Dennis  township,  about  20  miles  S.E.  of 
Millvillc.  It  has  2  churches  and  several  stores.  Schooners 
are  built  here.     Pop.  about  500. 

Den'ny*  a  town  of  Scotland,  on  a  nvilway,  co.  and  7 
milos  S.E.  of  Stirling,  with  coal-mines.     Pop.  3625. 

Den'ny,  a  station  in  Perry  co..  III.,  on  the  St.  Louio, 
Belleville  &  Southern  Illinois  llailroad,  4  miles  S.E.  of 
Pinckneyville. 

Denny,  a  post-oflSce  of  Butler  co..  Pa. 

Den'nysville,  a  post- village  of  Washington  ec.  Me., 
in  Dennysville  township,  at  the  bead  uf  tide,  on  an  inlet  of 
the  sea,  about  15  miles  by  water  W.  of  Eastport,  It  has  a 
church,  a  high  school,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  lathes, 
and  shingles.     Pop.  of  the  township,  488. 

Dens'more,  a  post-village  of  Norton  co.,  Kansas,  15 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Lenora,  and  94  miles  W.N.W.  of  Beloit. 

Denson'8  Landing,  a  post-village  of  Perry  oo., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Tennessee  River,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Lindon. 

Dent,  a  village  and  chapelry  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
West  Hiding,  on  a  small  stream  of  the  i>ame  name,  3  miles 
S.  of  Sedbergh.  The  village  is  large,  and  has  many  antique 
bouses.     Pop.  2096. 

Dent,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  Missouri, 
has  an  area  of  about  720  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  head-streams  of  the  Marameo  lliver.  The  surface  is 
billy  or  undulating;  the  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Co))per  and 
limestone  are  found  here.  This  county  is  partially  trav- 
ersed by  the  St.  Louis  &  Santa  F6  Railroad,  which  commu- 
nicates with  Salem,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  6357 ;  in 
1880,  10,646;  in  1890,  12,149. 

Dent,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ureene  eo..  Pa.,  in  Wayne  town- 
ship, on  Dunkard  Creek,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Burton,  W.  Va. 

Denta,  d6n'toh\  or  Gyenta,  dy6n'toh\  a  town  of 
Hungary,  28  miles  S.  of  Temesvar.     Pop.  2919. 

Dent-dii-iMidi,  dd.v>-dU-mooMee',  a  mountain  of  the 
Alps,  on  the  frontiers  of  V'alais  and  Savoy,  10,771  feet  high. 

Dentila,  ddn-too'lA,,  a  state  of  Africa,  Senegambia,  be- 
tireen  the  rivers  Gambia  and  Falem6,  about  lat.  13°  N., 
Ion.  12°  W.     Its  surface  is  elevated, 

Den'ton,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Lancaster,  on  a 
railway.  4  miles  N.N.E.  of  Stockport.     Pop.  5117. 

Den'ton,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area 
of  about  900  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  two  branches 
of  Trinity  lliver,  called  the  Denton  Fork  and  the  Elm  Fork. 
The  surface  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  forests;  the  soil 
is  fertile.  Cattle,  Indian  corn,  cotton,  and  grass  are  the 
staple  products  of  this  county,  which  is  intersected  by  3 
lines  of  railroad.  Capital,  Denton.  Pop.  in  1870,  7251; 
in  1880,  18,143;  in  1890,  21,289. 

Denton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Caroline  oo.,  Md.,  on 
Cboptank  River,  about  50  miles  S.E.  of  Baltimore,  and  16 
wiles  N.E.  of  Easton.  It  has  an  academy  and  5  churches. 
Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.     Pop.  641. 

Denton,  a  post-village  in  Van  Buren  township,  Wayne 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  25  miles  W 
by  S.  of  Detroit.  It  has  1  or  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a 
machine  shop,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Denton,  a  station  in  Lancaster  co.,  Keb..  on  the  Bur- 
lington &  Missouri  lliver  Railroad,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Lincoln. 

Denton,  a  post-office  of  Davidson  co.,  N.C. 

Denton,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Denton  co.,  Tex.,  on 
an  affluent  of  Trinity  River,  37  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Dal- 
las. It  has  3  banks,  8  churches,  3  newspapers,  a  seminary, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  ootton-secd-oil  mill.    Pop.  in  1890,  2558. 

Denton  Fork  of  Trinity  River,  Texas,  rises  in 


Montague  eo.,  ram  southeastward  through  Wise  and  Den- 
ton COS.,  and  unites  with  the  Trinity.     Length,  110  miles. 

Denton*M  Mill,  a  hamlet  of  Scott  co..  Ark.,  on  Potuau 
River.  6  miles  W.  of  Wuldron.     It  has  2  churchis. 

D'l:^ntrccn8tCHUX  (dixfr^kls'iO')  Channel,  Tas- 
mania, in  lat.  43°  25'  S.  and  Ion.  147°  15'  E.,  separates 
Bruny  Island  from  the  mainland.  At  its  northern  end  it 
opens  into  the  estuary  of  the  Derwcnt  River. 

Dent's  Itun,  a  post-hamlet  of  Elk  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Driftwood. 

Den'ver,  the  oa))ital  and  chief  commercial  city  of  Colo- 
rado, and  county  seat  of  Arapahoe  eo.,  is  situated  on  both 
sides  of  the  South  Platte  River,  at  nn  elevation  of  about 
6106  feet.  It  is  1025  miles  W.  of  Chicago,  540  miles  W. 
of  Omaha,  and  106  miles  S.  of  Cheyenne.  Lat.  39°  45'  N. ; 
Ion.  104°  59'  23"  W.  It  has  a  dry,  healthful  climate;  mean 
annual  temperature,  49°;  annual  rainfall,  about  15  inches. 
The  sun  shines  on  nn  average  29  days  in  each  month.  The 
site  slopes  gently  hack  from  either  bank  of  the  river,  and 
commands  a  beautiful  view  of  a  long  mountain-range,  with 
Pike's  Peak  on  the  S.  and  Long's  Peak  on  the  N.  It  is 
exceptionally  well  built,  nearly  all  the  houses  being  of 
brick  or  ftone.  It  bus  wide  streets  that  are  lined  with  fine 
roi<idence3  and  substantial  business  houses  (one  of  the  hitter 
costing  $1,500,000).  The  streets  are  lighted  by  electricity. 
There  are  108  churches,  an  assay  mint  of  the  United  States, 

2  first-class  theatres,  3  high  schools  (one  of  which  cost 
$321,370),  and  37  district  schools.  The  total  value  of 
public-school  property  in  the  3  school  districts  which  in- 
clude the  incorporated  part  of  the  city  is  $2,901,803.  In 
addition  to  the  above  there  are  18  schools  classed  as  mis- 
cellaneous, some  of  which  are  public  schools  immediately 
outside  the  3  districts  referred  to.  There  are  also  10  acade- 
mies and  colleges.  There  are  11  national  banks,  which 
constitute  the  clearing-house  association.  The  clearings 
for  1891  wore  $229,033,002.13.    There  are  6  savings-banks, 

3  trust  associations,  several  private  banks,  3  public  libra- 
ries, gas-works,  electric-light-works,  2  water  companies, 
5  flour-mills,  3  smelters,  3  packing-houses,  3  canning- 
factories,  6  breweries,  20  foundries  and  machine-shops,  a 
cotton-factory,  a  paper-mill,  a  shoe-factory,  steel-works,  a 
stove-foundry.  &c.  According  to  the  United  States  census 
the  total  product  of  manufactories  in  the  corporate  limits 
was  $28,791,792  in  1890.  The  smelters  and  several  of  the 
other  heavy  manufactories  are  outside  the  corporate  limits. 
The  value  of  ore  treated  in  Denver  smelters  in  1891  was 
$24,411,705.70.  There  are  6  daily  newspapers,  1  being  in 
German,  and  about  30  weekly  and  monthly  publications. 
There  are  95  miles  (single  track)  of  electric  street-railway, 
43  milo.f  of  cable,  and  3  miles  of  horse-car  line.  The  total 
debt  on  March  7,  1892,  was  $1,735,577.85.  The  assessed 
valuation  of  property  in  May,  1 892,  was  .$70,708,780.  The 
receipts  of  the  post-ofBce  for  1891  were  $296,403.88.  Den- 
ver is  the  emporium  of  the  rich  gold-  and  silver-mining 
districts  of  the  state,  and  also  the  chief  centre  of  the  coal 
trade.  It  was  first  settled  in  1858.  Pop.  in  1870,  4749; 
in  1880,  35,629;  in  1890,  within  corporate  limits,  106,713. 
E.<timated  pop.  in  1892,  including  adjacent  suburbs  which 
are  practically  a  part  of  the  city,  140,000. 

Denver,  a  post-village  in  Harmony  township,  Hancock 
CO.,  III.,  on  the  Keokuk  Branch  of  the  Wabash  Railroad,  10 
miles  S.  of  Carthage.    It  has  a  church  and  3  general  stores. 

Denver,  a  post-village  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Eel 
River,  and  on  the  Eel  lliver  Railroad  whore  it  crosses  the 
Indianapolis,  Peru  <t  Chicago  llailroad,  8  milos  N.  of  Peru, 
and  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Logansport.  It  has  a  graded  school, 
a  church,  and  manufactures  of  fanning-mills,  mouldings.  Sua. 
Here  is  Denver  College  and  Normal  School, 

Denver,  a  post-village  of  Bremer  co.,  Iowa,  about  13 
miles  N.E.  of  Cedar  Falls,  and  12  miles  S.E.  of  Waverly. 
It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Denver,  a  post-hamlet  in  Denver  township,  Newaygo 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  White  lliver,  25  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Muskegon. 
It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  woollen-factory. 
The  township  has  several  fine  lakes,  and  a  pop.  of  755. 

Denver,  a  post-village  of  Worth  co.,  Mo.,  in  Allen 
township,  on  Grand  River,  about  12  miles  N.  of  Albany. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  steam  saw-mill,  a 
grist-mill,  <fec.     Pop.  about  300. 

Denver,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  N.C,  in  Catawba 
Springs  township,  15  miles  E.  of  Lincolnton.  It  has  a 
seminary,  3  stores,  and  a  steam  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  75. 

Den'verton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Solano  co.,  Cal.,  in  Den- 
Tcrton  township,  on  a  navigable  tide-water  creek,  8  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Fairfield,  and  about  36  miles  S.W.  of  Sacramento. 
It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  470. 

Deuville,  a  post-village  of  Morris  oo.,  N.J.,  in  Rook 


DEN 


1027 


DER 


away  township,  on  the  Ilockaway  River,  and  on  the  Morris 
&,  Essex  division  of  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western 
Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Morristown.  It  has  a  church,  a 
public  school,  and  a  Catholic  pro'tectory  for  boys. 

Denziingcii,  d6nts'ling-?n.  a  village  of  Baden,  4  miles 
S.  of  Emmendingcn.     Pop.  1497. 

Deobriga,  the  supposed  ancient  nam«  of  Plasencia. 

De'obuiid%  a  town  of  India,  district  and  21  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Seharunpoor.     Pop.  21,7)4. 

Deogarh  Bariah,  a  state  of  India.    See  Bariah. 

Deoghir,  a  town  of  India.     See  Dowlrtabad. 

De^oghiir',  a  town  of  .India,  in  Bundelcund,  29  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Dittcah. 

Deogurh,  or  Deogarh,  dee'o-gur',  sometimes  called 
Deogurh  Baidyanath,  biMe-i-nifh',  the  large.«t  town 
of  the  Santal  Pcrgunnahs,  Bengal.  Lat.  24°  20'  43"  N. ; 
Ion.  86°  44'  36"  E.  It  is  a  place  of  pilgrimage,  and  contains 
great  temples  of  Siva.  Pop.  4861.  Its  railway  station,  called 
Baidyanath  or  Baijnath,  is  4  miles  N.W.  of  the  town. 

Deo'la,  a  town  of  India,  55  miles  S.E.  of  Odeypoor. 

Deo'leea,  or  Deoli,  de-o'lee,  a  town  and  cantonment 
of  India,  province  and  40  miles  S.  of  Ajmeer.     Pop.  6332. 

Deols,  dd'ol',  or  Boui'g-Dicu,  boon'de-uh'  (anc. 
Do'liim  ?),  a  town  of  France,  in  Indre,  IJ  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Chateauroux,  on  the  Indre.     Pop.  2243. 

Decree,  Deori,  de-o'ree,  or  Buradeori,  booVi-de- 
o'rec,  a  town  of  India,  44  miles  S.E.  of  Saugur.     Pop.  3953. 

Deotsuh,  dee'ot-soo',  an  elevated  table-land  of  Bulti, 
in  Little  Thibet,  S.  of  the  valley  of  Iskardo.  It  is  about 
30  miles  long  and  15  miles  broad,  and  is  12,000  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea.     Lat.  34°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  75°  20'  E. 

De  Oude  Maas,  "the  Old  Maas."  See  Maas,  The 
Old. 

De'o  Volen'tc,  or  De'o  Yolan'te,  a  post-office  of 
Leflore  co.,  Miss.,  on  the  Yazoo  River. 

Dcpalpoor,  a  town  of  India.    See  Dkypaulpoou. 

Dcpaiivillc,  de-po'vil,  a  post  village  of  Jefferson  co., 
N.Y.,  on  Chaumont  River,  at  the  head  of  navigation,  about 
15  miles  N.W.  of  Watertown.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded 
school,  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  225. 

Depedclcn,  a  town  of  Albania.    See  Tepeleni. 

Depere,  de-pair'  or  de-peer',  a  city  of  Brown  co..  Wis., 
in  Depere  township,  on  the  Fo.x  River,  5  miles  from  its 
mouth.  It  is  also  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
and  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroads,  23  miles  N.E.  of 
Appleton,  and  4  miles  S.W.  of  the  town  of  Green  Bay.  The 
river  is  crossed  by  wagon-  and  railroad-bridges.  Depere 
contains  a  bank,  10  churches,  4  newspaper  offices,  a  paper- 
mill,  2  flour-mills,  2  elevators,  6  brick-yards,  a  tile-factory, 
a  boat-factory,  a  pump-factory,  a  hay-press,  a  blust-fur- 
naee,  a  foundry,  and  a  machine-shop.     Pop.  3625. 

De  Peyster,  de  pi'stgr,  a  small  post-village  of  St.  Law- 
rence CO.,  N.Y.,  in  the  fertile  De  Peyster  township,  about  11 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Ogdensburg.    It  has  2  churches  and  3  stores. 

Depeyster  (de-pi'st§r)  Islands,  a  group  of  seventeen 
islands  in  the  Pacific  Ocean.    Lat.  8°  4'  S. ;  Ion.  178°  29'  E. 

Deport',  a  post-village  of  Lamar  co.,  Tex.,  16  miles 
S.E.  of  Paris.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  and  ane^?s- 
paper  office.     Pop.  274. 

Deposit,  d^-poz'it,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Ala., 
13  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Huntsville. 

Deposit,  a  post-village  of  Broome  and  Delaware  oo?., 
N.Y.,  is  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Delaware  River,  and 
oifl  the  Erie  Railroad,  38  miles  B.  by  S.  from  Binghamton, 
and  177  miles  N.W.  of  New  York.  It  contains  6  churches, 
a  national  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  graded  school, 
granite-  and  marble-works,  iron-works,  and  manufactures 
of  iron  hay-sheds,  hair-restorer,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1879. 

Deptford,  d^tt'f^rd,  a  town  and  suburb  of  London,  in 
England,  in  the  cos.  of  Kent  and  Surry,  on  the  Thames 
where  it  is  joined  by  the  Ravensbourne,  contiguous  to 
Greenwich,  and  3  miles  S.E.  of  London  Bridge.  It  is  now  a 
portion  of  the  metropolis.  Its  chief  buildings  are  the  parish 
churches,  a  well-endowed  charity  school,  2  large  hospitals 
for  decayed  pilots  and  shipmasters  and  their  widows,  engine- 
works,  large  yards  forship-building,  and  a  naval  victualling 
yard.  The  great  government  dock-yards  were  abolished  in 
1869.     Pop.  in  1881,  76,752  ;  in  1891,  101,326. 

Deptford,  dStt'ford,  a  township  of  Gloucester  co.,  N.J., 
is  bounded  N.AV.  by  the  Delaware  River,  and  contains 
Woodbury,  the  county  seat.     Pop.  4663. 

Dcpiich  (de-pu' '!)  Island,  off  the  N.W.  coast  of  Aus- 
tralia, in  lat.  20°  37'  45"  S.,  Ion.  117°  44'  E.,  8  miles  in  cir- 
cumference, composed  of  a  vast  collection  of  greenstone  rocks 
rising  500  feet  above  the  sea,  and  forming  a  remarkable 
contrast  to  the  adjacent  low  mainland. 

Ue  Pue,  de-pii',  a  post-village  of  Bureau  co.,  111.,  in 


Solby  township,  on  Lake  De  Puc.  and  on  the  Chicago,  Rock 
Island  .fc  Pacific  Railroad,  near  the  Illinois  River,  25  miiei 
W.  of  Ottawa.  It  has  a  church.  About  40,000  tons  of  ice 
are  exported  from  this  place  annualli'. 

Dep'uty,  a  post-village  of  Jeffer-son  co.,  Ind.,  about  41 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Jeffersonville.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  saw-mill, 

Der,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Deiu. 

Dera,  a  town  of  Palestine.    See  Draa. 

Dcrabund,  dSr'a-bund',  or  Drabund,  dri'band',  a 
town  of  India,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Dera  Ismaeel  Khan,  and 
a  rendezvous  for  caravans.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Dera  Deen  Punah,  dSr'a  decn  poo'nil,  a  town  of  In- 
dia, 40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mooltan,  and  nearly  opposite  a 
village  of  the  same  name  on  the  eastern  bank  of  the  Indus. 

Dera  Fati  (or  Futty)  Khan,  dfir'g,  fi'tee  kiln,  a 
town  of  India,  on  the  Indus,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Leia.  Pop. 
5000,  who  trade  in  cotton,  grain,  indigo,  sugar,  and  opium. 

Dera  Ghazee  (or  Ghazi)  Khan,  dfir'a  ghi'zeo' 
kin,  a  town  of  India,  near  the  W.  bank  of  the  Indus,  cap- 
ital of  the  district  of  the  same  name.  Lat.  30°  4'  N. ;  Ion. 
70°  61' E.     Pop.  20,123. 

Dera  Ghazee  Khan,  a  district  of  India,  in  the  Pun- 
jab, in  Derajat.  Lat.  28°  27'-31°  N.;  Ion.  69°  36'  30"-70<' 
58'  20"  E.  Area,  4950  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  tho 
E.  by  the  Indus.  It  is  dry,  and  in  many  parts  even  arid, 
but  irrigation  is  extensively  practised.  Capital,  Dera  Gha- 
zee Khan.     Pop.  308,840. 

Deraia,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  Derayeh. 

Dera  Ismaeel  (or  Ismail)  Khan,d£r'a  ees*mi-ecl' 
kin,  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  capital  of  the  district  of  th« 
same  name.  Lat.  31°  60'  N.;  Ion.  70°  68'  E,  It  is  near 
the  Indus.     Pop.  24,906. 

Dera  Ismaeel  Khan,  a  district  of  the  Punjab,  Brit- 
ish India,  in  Derajat.  Lat.  30°  35'  30"-32°  33'  N. ;  Ion. 
70°  15'-72°  3'  20''  E.  Area,  7097  square  miles.  It  is 
bisected  by  the  river  Indus,  and  is  in  part  almost  a  desert. 
Capital,  Dera  Ismaeel  Khan.     Pop.  394,864. 

Derajat,  dfir'a-jit',  a  division  of  the  Punjab,  British 
India,  traversed  and  partly  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Indus, 
and  bounded  W.  by  Afghanistan.  It  consists  of  the  dis- 
tricts of  Dera  Ghazee  Khan,  Dera  Ismaeel  Khan,  and 
Bunnoo.     Area,  14,432  square  miles.     Pop.  991,251. 

Derayeh*  or  El  Deraych,  61  d?-ri'6h,  written  also 
Deraia,  Dereyeea,  Deraye,  and  Derrayeh,  a  town 
of  Arabia,  formerly  capital  of  the  country  of  the  Wahabees, 
is  situated  nearly  in  the  centre  of  Nedjed.  Lat.  25°  15'  N. ; 
Ion.  46°  30'  E.  It  consists  of  five  separately  fortified  qua  rters, 
and  had  formerly  nearly  30  mosques,  and  as  many  colleges, 
besides  bazaars;  but  in  1817  it  was  ruined  by  the  troops 
of  Ibrahim  Pasha,  after  a  »i«ge  of  7  months.  It  is  now 
scarcely  inhabited. 

Der'be,  an  ancient  city  of  Asia  Minor,  probably  tho 
modern  village  of  Devli,  28  miles  N.E.  of  Karaman. 

Derbend,  ddr'bfind',  or  Derbent,  dfir'bfint'  (anc.  AU 
hanaf),  a  fortified  town  of  Russia,  capital  of  Daghcstiin,  on 
the  Caspian  Sea,  135  miles  N.W.  of  Bakoo.  Its  people  are 
chiefly  Mohammedans.  It  is  situated  at  the  entrance  of  a 
defile  in  the  Caucasus,  called  by  the  ancients  the  "  Albanian 
Gates,"  and  formerly  shut  in  on  the  N.  by  an  iron  gate. 
The  town  is  enclosed  by  two  walls  of  masonry,  probably  1500 
years  old;  and  seven  gates  lead  to  the  different  quartera. 
The  streets  are  straight  and  regular,  but  narrow.  The  upper 
city  forms  the  citadel,  and  is  still  in  repair.  Derbend  has 
no  proper  harbor,  and  its  approach  is  dangerous  to  shipping. 
Pop.  17,730. 

Derby,  d^r'bee  or  dar'bee  (the  latter  pronunciation  was 
once  universal),  or  Derbyshire,  d^r'be-shir,  a  county  of 
England,  having  N.  the  county  of  York,  E.  Notts,  S.  Lei- 
cester, Warwick,  and  Staflbrd,  and  W.  Stafi"ord  and  Cheshire. 
Area,  1026  square  miles.  In  the  N.W.  is  the  S.  termination 
of  the  Pennine  chain  of  mountains,  highest  elevation  from 
1700  to  1800  feet,  composed  of  limestone,  and  abounding  in 
romantic  hill  and  dale  scenery,  caverns,  and  other  natural 
curiosities  (see  Peak);  elsewhere  the  surface  is  level  or 
gently  unduUiting.  Principal  rivers,  the  Trent,  Derwent, 
Dove,  and  AVye.  Collieries  and  iron-works  are  numerous  in 
the  N.E.,  and  valuable  lead-mines  in  the  Peak  districts, 
where  marble  and  various  kinds  of  spar  are  also  obtained. 
Canals  are  numerous,  and  branches  of  railway  intersect  the 
county  throughout.  Derbyshire  sends  two  members  to  the 
House  of  Commons  for  each  of  its  three  parliamentary  divi- 
sions, and  two  for  its  county  town.  Tho  county  has  extensive 
and  varied  manufactures.     Capital,  Derby.     Pop.  527,886. 

Der'Ixy,  a  borough  of  England,  capital  of  the  county, 
on  the  Derwent,  at  the  head  of  its  navigation,  and  on  Mar- 
keaton  Brook,  both  here  crossed  by  handsome  bridges,  at  a 


tfJBfi 


1028 


DER 


nllw»TjnnetioB,  88  miles  N.N.K.  of  nirminghftm,  iind  15J 
Blil«  W.8.W.  of  Nottlngh«m.  The  new  utrcetn  arc  well 
batit,  cImb,  and  well  paved;  the  older  are  ci-ooked  and 
Barrow;  and  U  ha*  a  spaeloiis  market-plnce,  in  which 
«r«  a  eorered  market  and  a  large  Mscnibly-rootn.  The 
other  principal  edifloes  are  a  fine  Grecian  structure,  con- 
taining the  post-ofliec,  Derbyshire  Uank,  a  hotel,  public 
rooms,  a  museum.  All-IInllows'  church,  with  flno  tower  and 
rai)nuigont«,  an  elegant  Roumn  Catholic  church,  ninnv  new 
ehiipels  of  oaae  and  dissenting  chapels,  almshouses,  hospi- 
tals, the  Preemaaons'  Hall,  the  Infirmary,  county  and  town 
halls,  and  an  exocllent  jail.  The  Free  School,  founded  in 
the  time  of  Henry  II.,  is  one  of  the  most  ancient  in  Kng- 
htnd.  Among  numerous  public  institutions  are  a  philoso- 
phical society,  town  and  county  library,  mechanics'  insti- 
tute, a  nurses'  home,  a  ragged  school,  and  various  charitable 
anylums.  Atyaccnt  to  the  town  are  public  grounds  possess- 
ing much  beauty.  Derby  is  favoraoly  situated  for  manu- 
factures and  trade,  standing  nt  the  S.  extremity  of  a  largo 
eoal-licld,  and  communicating  by  canals  and  railways  with 
a  large  part  of  England.  It  is  a  principal  seat  for  manu- 
fat'turcs  of  silk  twist  and  hosiery.  Silk  ribbons,  cotton 
fabrics,  hosiery,  Inee,  porcelain  of  great  beauty  and  elegance, 
fluor-spar  and  marble  ornaments,  are  also  made  in  large 
quantities;  and  it  has  many  rolling-mills,  foundries,  and 
other  metallic  works,  soap-factories,  tanneries,  bleaching- 
ground."",  corn-mills,  and  malting-housos.  It  sends  two  mem- 
bers to  the  House  of  Commons.  The  town  was  called  North- 
worthigo  by  the  Saxons,  and  Deoraby  by  the  Danes,  and  is 
supposed  to  have  been  the  Roman  station  of  Derveittiee. 
Pop.  in  1881,  81,168;  in  1891,  94,146. 

Uer'by,  a  village  of  New  Haven  co.,  Conn.,  in  Derby 
township,  on  the  Housatonic  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Naugatuck  River,  and  on  the  Naugatuck  and  New  Haven 
&  Derby  Railroads,  9  miles  W.  of  New  Haven,  and  13  miles 
N.E.  of  Bridgeport.  A  bridge  across  the  Naugntuck  River 
connects  Derby  with  Birmingham,  which  is  iu  Derby  town- 
ship. Here  are  manufactures  of  brass,  iron,  paper,  pins, 
spectacles,  <fec.  The  township  contains  2  national  banks,  2 
tavings-banks,  2  newspaper  oflSccs,  9  churches,  and  3  graded 
schools.  Pop.  of  village,  about  2U00;  of  the  township  in 
1890,  including  Birmingham,  5969. 

Derby,  a  post-village  of  Perry  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  17  miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Cannelton.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  common  school. 

Derby,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lucas  co.,  Iowa,  in  Union 
township,  on  the  Leon  Branch  of  the  Burlington  &  Mis- 
souri River  Railroad,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Chariton.     It  has 

2  churches  and  a  printing-oflRce.     Pop.  about  600. 
Derby,  a  post-village  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 

Arkansas  River,  10  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Wichita.  It 
has  4  churches  and  a  bank.     Pop.  in  1890,  256. 

Derby,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Evans  township,  on  the  Lake  Shore  and  Michigan  Southern 
Railroad,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Buffalo. 

Derby,  or  Derby  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Orleans 
CO.,  Vt.,  in  Derby  township,  on  Clyde  River,  4  miles  E.  of 
Newport,  and  about  60  miles  N.N.E.  of  Montpelier.    It  has 

3  churches,  the  Derby  Academy,  and  manufactures  of  flour, 
lumber,  sash,  and  blinds. 

Derby,  a  post-village  in  Northumberland  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Newcastle.     Pop.  200. 

Derby,  Brant  co.,  Ontario.    See  Harley. 

Derby  Centre,  Vermont.    See  Dkuby. 

Derby  Ila'ven,  a  village  of  the  Isle  of  Man,  2  miles 
N.E.  of  Castletown,  with  a  good  harbor. 

Derby  Line,  a  post-village  of  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  is  in 
Derby  township,  on  the  boundary  between  Vermont  and 
Canada,  about  18  miles  N.E.  of  Irasburg.  It  has  a  church, 
a  national  bank,  and  a  manufactory  of  boots  and  shoes. 
It  is  i  mile  from  Stanstead  R.ailroa<l  Station,  Canada. 

Derbyshire,  a  county  of  England.    See  Derby. 

Dcrecske,  di'raich'kd,^  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Bihar,  12  miles  S.  of  Debreczin.  Pop.  6600.  In  its  vicinity 
are  5  salt  lakes  and  a  small  pearl-fishery. 

Dereham,  England.    See  East  Dereham. 

Dereham,  Ontario.     See  Tilsonburg. 

Dereuburg,  di'r^n-booRO',  a  town  of  Prussian  Sax- 
ony, 7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Halberstadt.     Pop.  2668. 

Derendah,  d5r'dn-di\  a  town  and  fort  of  Asiatic  Tur- 
key, vilayet  and  65  miles  S.E.  of  Seevns. 

Derctschin,  d4-r4t'chin,  or  dA-rfit-chin',  a  town  of 
Russian  Poland,  government  and  53  miles  S.E.  of  Grodno. 
Pop.  1500, 

Dereyeea,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  Derayeh. 

Dcrg,  a  lake  of  Ireland.    See  Louch  Dero. 
L  Dergauton,  derg'an-tvn,  a  village  of  Craven  co.,  N.C., 


17  miles  N.  of  New-Berne.    It  has  2  churches  and  3  storea. 
Its  post-office  is  Swift  Creek  Bridge.     Pop.  about  200. 

Dcriabi,  d£r^oc-&'bco,  an  island  on  the  S.E.  coast  of 
Arabia,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Bay  of  Curia  Muria.  Lat. 
17°  85'  N. ;  Ion.  65°  66'  E. 

Derin'da,  a  post-township  of  Jo  Daviess  co..  III.,  about 

18  miles  S.E.  of  Ualena,  and  3  miles  from  the  Mississippi 
River.     Pop.  804. 

Derinda  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Jo  Daviess  co.,  HI. 

Dermbach,  diiim'bilK,  a  town  of  Saso-Weiuuir,  CO 
miles  S.W.  of  Weimar.     Pop.  1088. 

Der'mott,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Chicot  co.,  Ark., 
on  the  Little  Rock,  Mississippi  River  &  Texas  Railroad,  18 
miles  W.  of  Arkansas  City. 

Dernc,  Dernch,  der'nJh,  or  Dcr'nn  (anc.  Dar'uit), 
a  seaport  town  of  Africa,  in  Barca,  140  miles  N.E.  of  Ben 
ga/.i.     It  was  one  of  the  cities  of  the  Pentapolis.     P.  6000. 

Dernis,  ddr'nees',  a  village  of  Dalmatia,  50  miles  S.E. 
of  Zara,  on  the  Cicola.     Pop.  1210. 

Deruye,  d4Rn'yi\  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Croatia,  on  the 
Drave,  about  4  miles  from  Neudorf.     Pop.  1700. 

De  Roche,  de-r6sh',  a  jwst-offico  of  Hot  Spring  co..  Ark. 

Dcrpt,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Dorpat. 

Derr,  Dehr,  or  Deer,  dSr  or  dain,  a  town  of  Nubia, 
on  the  S.E.  bank  of  the  Nile.  Lat.  22°  44'  N. ;  Ion.  32° 
15'  E.  It  is  a  place  of  some  trade  and  importance,  and  is 
celebrated  for  its  ancient  temple.     Pop.  3000. 

Derrayeh,  a  town  of  Arabia.     See  Derayeh. 

Der'rick  City,  a  post-village  of  McKean  co^  Pa.,  in 
Bradford  township,  on  the  Western  New  York  A  Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Bradford,  and  ^  mile  from 
Gilmore.  It  is  mainly  supported  by  operations  in  oil,  which 
is  found  here.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Derr's,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co.,  Pa.,  12  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Bloomsburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Derrstown,  the  former  name  of  Lewisborq,  Pa. 

Derry,  a  county  and  city  of  Ireland.    See  Londonderrt 

Der'ry,  a  post-village  of  Derry  township,  Rockingham 
CO.,  N.H.,  1  mile  from  Derry  Railroad  Station,  and  about 
11  miles  S.E.  of  Manchester.  It  has  several  churches,  au 
academy,  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  planing- 
mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  manufactures  of  edge-tools,  reed  ribs, 
plant-stakes,  and  wired  tree-labels.  Pop.  of  the  township, 
2604. 

Derry,  or  Derry  Church,  a  post-village  of  Dauphin 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Derry  township,  near  the  Swatara  River,  and 
on  the  Lebanon  Valley  Railroad,  13i  miles  E.  of  Harris- 
burg.  It  has  3  churches,  a  noodle-factory,  and  a  common 
school.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Derry  Church.  Pop. 
about  450  :  of  the  township,  2288. 

Derry,  a  township  of  Montour  co..  Pa.  Pop.  888,  ex- 
clusive of  Washingtonville. 

Derry,  a  township  of  Westmoreland  co.,  P.a.,  includes 
Derry  Station,  Branch  Junction,  Cokcvillc,  Hillside,  New 
Derry,  <tc.  Pop.  5170,  exclusive  of  Latrobe,  New  Alexan- 
dria, and  Livermore. 

Derry  Church,  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.    See  Derry. 

Derry  Depot,  a  post-village  in  Derry  township,  Rock- 
ingham CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Manchester  &  Lawrence  Railroad, 
41  miles  N.  by  W.  from  Boston,  and  29  miles  S.S.E.  of  Con- 
cord.    It  has  a  bank  and  a  manufactory  of  shoes. 

Derrynane,  dfir-r^-nain',  a  township  of  Le  Sueur  cc, 
Minn.    Pop.  862.    It  contains  St.  Hubertus  and  St.  Thomas. 

Derry  Station,  a  post-borough  of  Westmoreland  co., 
Pa.,  15  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Greensburg.  It  has  6  churches, 
a  bank,  public  schools,  bottling-works,  glass-works,  Ac. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1968. 

Der'ryville,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  oo.,  Ontario,  4 
miles  S.W.  of  Cannington.     Pop.  150. 

Derry  West,  a  post-village  in  Peel  oo.,  Ontario,  5 
miles  S.W.  of  Malton.     Pop.  100. 

Dertingen,  d^R'ting-; n,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Baden, 
6  miles  E.  of  Wertheim.     Pop.  848. 

Dertona,  the  ancient  name  of  Tortona. 

Dertosa,  the  ancient  name  of  Tortosa. 

De  Ruyter,  de  ri't^r,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co., 
N.Y.,  in  De  Ruyter  township,  on  the  Elmira,  Cortland  & 
Northern  Railroad,  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Syracuse,  and  18 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Homer.  It  contains  a  graded  school,  a 
newspaper  office,  3  churches,  a  foundry,  a  furniture-fuctory, 
mills  of  various  kinds,  and  a  banking-house.  Pop.  in  1890, 
667  ;  of  the  township,  1500. 

Derval,  a  village  of  Scotland.    See  Darvel. 

Dervenich,  ddR'v&-nik\  an  islet  in  the  Adriatic  Sea, 
near  the  coast  of  Dalmatia,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Trau. 

Der'vock,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Antrim,  4  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Ballymoney. 


DER 


1029 


DES 


Derwcnt,  d?r'w?nt,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Derby, 
rises  near  the  N.  extremity  of  the  county,  and  joins  the 
Trent  on  the  border  of  Leicestershire.     Length,  60  miles. 

Derwent,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  York,  East  Riding, 
rises  in  the  Wolds,  and,  after  a  S.  course,  joins  the  Ouse  6 
miles  below  Selby.     Length,  about  60  miles. 

Derwcnt,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Cumberland,  rises 
in  the  district  of  Borrowdale,  and,  after  forming  the  cataract 
of  Lodore,  flows  N.  through  the  lakes  of  Dervvent-Water 
and  Basscnthwaite,  and  thence  W.S.W.  past  Cockermouth  to 
the  Irish  Sea  at  Workington. 

Der'went,  one  of  the  principal  rivers  of  Tasmania, 
rises  from  Lake  St.  Clare,  in  the  centre  of  the  island, 
flows  past  New  Norfolk  and  Hobart  Town,  into  Storm  Bay. 

Der'went,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  10 
miles  S.E.  of  London.     Pop.  150. 

Derwent- Water,  or  Kes'wick  Lake,  a  beauti- 
ful and  picturesque  lake  of  England,  co.  of  Cumberland, 
stretches  S.  from  Keswick  for  4  miles  to  Borrowdale,  and  is 
near  the  middle  IJ  miles  across.  It  banks  are  rocky  and 
abrupt;  in  it  are  several  richly-wooded  islands,  and  a  re- 
markable mass  of  soft  land,  which  sometimes  partly  floats 
on  its  surface.     It  is  an  enlargement  of  the  Derwent  River. 

Der'wood,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md.,  19 
miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Washington,  and  3  miles  N.  by  W. 
of  Rockville.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  a 
canning-factory,  <fec. 

De  Sable,  d§h  si'b'l,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co..  Prince 
Edward  Island,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Charlottetown.     Pop.  100. 

Dcsaguadero,  dJs-i-gwi-DA'ro  {i.e.,  the  "outlet"),  a 
rivet  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  between  the  provinces  of 
San  Luis  and  Mendoza. 

Desaguadero,  a  river  of  Bolivia,  rises  from  Lake 
Titicaca,  of  which  it  forms  the  only  outlet,  flows  S.  ISO 
miles,  and  enters  Lake  Aullagas. 

Desaguadero,  a  vast  depression  or  inter-alpine  val- 
ley, in  Bolivia  and  Peru,  between  two  huge  ridges  of  the 
Andes,  into  which  the  great  chain  divides  near  the  well- 
known  city  of  Potosi,  in  lat.  19°  35'  S.,  and  again  unites  at 
the  peak  of  Vileaiiota,  lat.  14°  30'  S.,  Ion.  78°  50'  W.  The 
valley  occupying  the  intermediate  space  is  about  400  miles 
in  length,  with  a  breadth  varying  from  30  to  80  miles.  It 
comprii^es  an  area  of  150,000  .square  miles,  and  includes  the 
great  lake  Titicaca,  12,795  feet  above  sea-level,  and  the 
smaller  lake  Aullagas  or  Uros,  the  latter  of  which  receives 
the  superfluous  waters  of  Titicaca  by  the  river  Desaguadero. 

Dcsaguadero  de  Osorno,  d6s-S,-gwa-D.\'ro  d4 
o-soR'no,  a  lake  of  Araucania,  Chili,  35  miles  in  length  by 
an  average  breadth  of  5  miles.  It  discharges  its  surplus 
waters  by  the  Osorno  River  into  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

Desaignes,  dAV.5ii'  or  d^^zain',  a  town  of  France,  Ar- 
dSche,  on  the  Doux,  24  miles  N.AV.  of  Tournon.     P.  3941. 

Des  Allemands,  dize  iirmix"'  or  dds  ilM^h-minz', 
a  lake  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Louisiana,  about  5  miles  from  the 
right  bank  of  the  Mississippi,  joined  by  a  bayou  of  its  own 
name  with  Lake  Washa.     Length,  about  7  miles. 

Des  Arc,  dSz  ark,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Prairie  co.. 
Ark.,  on  the  W.  bunk  of  the  AVhite  River,  2  miles  below 
the  mouth  of  Des  Arc  Bayou,  15  miles  N.  of  Devall's  Blufl", 
and  about  50  miles  E.  of  Little  Rock.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  flouring-mill,  a  newspaper  ofiice,  and  a  mnchine-shop. 
Cotton,  hides,  &c.,  are  shipped  here  in  steamboats.  Over 
7000  bales  of  cotton  are  annually  shipped  here.    Pop.  546. 

Des  Arc,  a  post-village  in  Union  township.  Iron  co.. 
Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis  &  Iron  Mountain  Railroad,  28  miles 
S.  of  Ironton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Des  Arc  Bayou,  dSz  ark  bi'oo,  Arkansas,  drains  part 
of  White  CO.,  runs  southeastward,  and  enters  the  White 
River  in  the  N.  part  of  Prairie  co. 

Desart,  a  town  of  Scotland.    See  Dysart. 

Des'borough,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Northamp- 
ton, 5  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Kettering,     Pop.  1436. 

Des'borough,  or  Des'boro,  a  seaport  on  the  N.  coast 
of  Prince  Edward  Island,  co.  of  Queens.  Lat.  46°  21'  N. ; 
Ion.  03°  13'  W. 

Dcscan'so,  a  post-ofiice  of  San  Diego  co.,  Cal. 

Deschambault,  di^shdm'bo',  a  post-village  in  Port- 
neuf  CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  41 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Quebec.  It  contains  8  stores,  a  church 
and  convent,  a  carding-mill,  several  saw-  and  grist-mills, 
and  has  a  large  trade  in  flour  and  lumber.     Pop.  1456. 

Deschkin,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Deshkin. 

Des  Chutes,  Wasco  co.,  Oregon.    See  Cei.ii.o. 

Des  Chutes  (di  shoot)  River,  Oregon,  rises  on  the  E. 
slope  of  the  Cascade  range,  near  lat.  43°  15'  N.,  runs  nearly 
nc  rthward,  with  a  small  deviation  towards  the  E.,  intersects 
Wasco  CO.,  and  enters  the  Columbia  River  about  12  miles 


above  The  Dalles.  Its  length  is  estimated  at  320  miles.  It 
traverses  a  hilly  or  mountainous  region,  a  large  part  of 
which  is  of  volcanic  formation. 

Descoose,  dd-koos',  a  post-village  in  Richmond  co., 
Nova  Scotia,  on  the  E.  end  of  Isle  Madame,  7  miles  S.E.  of 
Arichat.     Pop.  500. 

DesMimo'nia,  a  post-office  of  Eiustland  co.,  Tex. 

Deseada,  an  island  of  the  West  Indies.    See  Desiradb. 

Deselm,  de'zelm',  or  Deselms,  de^zeluis',  a  post- 
hamlet  of  Kankakee  co.,  111.,  in  Rockville  township,  7  milofl 
W.  of  Manteno.     It  has  2  churches. 

Descmboque,  di-sfim-bo'ki,  a  town  of  Brazil,  prov- 
ince of  Minas-Oeraes,  on  the  Rio  das  Velhas,  about  400  miles 
S.W.  of  Goyaz.     Pop.  of  town  and  district,  5000. 

Desenzano,  das-in-zi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Lom- 
bardy,  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bresci.a,  on  the  S.W.  b.ank  of  the 
Lago  di  Garda.  Pop.  4398.  It  is  defended  by  an  old  castle, ' 
and  has  a  gymn.isium,  several  churches,  barracks,  and  man- 
ufactures oif  silk  hosiery. 

Des^eret',  a  post-oflice  of  Millard  co.,  Utah. 

Desertas,  or  Las  Desertas,  Ids  d^-sSii'tis,  a  group 
of  4  rocky  islets  in  the  Atlantic,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Madeira. 
Lat.  32°  31'  N.;  Ion.  16°  30'  W.  They  are  very  long  and 
narrow  and  lofty,  and  are  arranged  in  a  direct  line.  Their 
names  are  Bugio  (the  southernmost),  Deserta  Grande,  Chao, 
and  Sail  Rock,  the  northernmost  and  smallest.  They  afford 
some  pasturage,  and  abundance  of  archil  and  of  sea-birds' 
feathers.  They  swarm  with  cats,  but  have  no  permanent 
human  inhabitants. 

Desertum  Magnum,  a  Latin  name  for  the  Sahara.. 

Desful,  or  Dcsfoul.     See  Dezfooi.. 

Desha,  d^-shi',  a  southeastern  county  of  Arkansas,  has 
an  area  of  about  733  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Ar- 
kansas and  White  Rivers.  The  surface  is  level,  and  partly 
liable  to  inundation  ;  the  soil  is  alluvial  and  fertile.  A  large 
portion  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  cypress,  ash,  and 
other  trees.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  3  lines  of  railroad,  and  has  two 
capitals,  Arkansas  City  and  Dumas.  Pop.  in  1870,  6125  j 
in  1880,  8973;  in  1890,  10,324. 

Deshkin,  Deschkin,  or  Dechkin,  ddsh-kin'  or 
d5sh-keen',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  30  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Orel,  on  the  Oka.     It  has  salt-magazines. 

Desh'ler,  a  post-village  of  Thayer  co..  Neb.,  7  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Hebron.  It  has  2  churohes,  a  creamery,  and 
a  public  school.     Pop.  100. 

Deshler,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  0.,  on  the  Dayton 
&  Michigan  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad  (Chicago  division),  37  miles  S.S.^V.  of  Toledo,  and 
25  miles  E.  by  S.  from  Defiance.  It  has  a  church,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  barrel-factory,  Ac.     Pop.  about  800. 

Dcshti  Pyaz,  dfish'tee  pi^iz',  a  large  village  of  Persia, 
in  Khorassan,  150  miles  S.  of  Meshed,  surrounded  by  one 
continuous  garden  of  mulberry  and  fruit  trees. 

Dcsima,  dSh-sce'm4,  called  also  Deshima  and  De- 
zima,  an  artificial  island  of  Japan,  immediately  opposite 
the  city  of  Nagasaki,  with  which  it  communicates  by  a 
bridge.  The  island  is  about  600  feet  in  length  by  250  in 
breadth,  and  to  it  the  Dutch  merchants  in  Japan  were  for- 
merly restricted. 

Dcsio,  di-sce'o  (anc.  Desimumt),  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
Lombardy,  11  miles  N.  of  Milan.     Pop.  6874. 

Dcsirade,  dA^zeeVid',  written  also  Deseada,  dds-?- 
&'da,  Dcsiderada,  dds-id'er-i'da,  and  Desirada,  d^s'- 
ee-ri'da,  an  island  of  the  French  West  Indies,  4  miles  W. 
of  Guadeloupe.  Length,  4  miles;  breadth,  2  miles.  It  is 
high,  rocky,  and  uniertile,  but  well  watered.  Cotton  is 
grown,  but  fishing  is  the  leading  pursuit.     Pop.  1728. 

De  Smet,  a  post-vill.ige,  capital  of  Kingsbury  co.,  S.D., 
33  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Huron.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks, 
2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of  wind-mills,  car- 
pets, stoves,  <tc.     Pop.  in  1890,  541. 

Des  Moines,  df-moin',  a  river  which  rises  in  the  S.W 
part  of  Minnesot.a,  and  intersects  Jackson  co.,  in  that  state. 
It  next  crosses  the  northern  boundary  of  Iowa,  in  which 
state  it  traverses  the  cos.  of  Emmett,  Palo  Alto,  Humboldt, 
Webster,  Boone,  <fec.  Its  general  direction  is  S.S.E.  until  it 
arrives  at  the  capital  city  of  Des  Moines.  Below  this  point 
it  runs  in  an  E.S.E.  direction  through  the  cos.  of  Marion, 
Mahaska,  Wapello,  and  Van  Buren,  and  enters  the  Missis- 
sippi River  at  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Iowa,  about  3  miles 
below  Keokuk.  Its  length  is  estimated  at  550  miles.  It  is 
the  largest  river  that  runs  through  the  state  of  Iowa.  It 
traverses  a  very  fertile  and  undulating  country,  in  which 
the  prairies  are  more  extensive  than  the  forests.  An  afflu- 
ent called  the  East  Fork  of  the  Des  Moines  rises  in  or  near 


DES 


1030 


DIS 


Immvit  «M».,  Iowa,  rant  Mnthwanl  through  Komuth  eo.,  and 
Mt«n  the  MMia  rir«r  in  Iiumb<>Klt  oo. 

Dc*  Moinety  a  o<>unty  in  the  S.K.  part  of  Iowa,  hiM  an 
MM  of  about  400  square  ittil«a.  It  in  boiin<le<l  on  the  R.  by 
lh«  liUaiMippl  Rir«r,aiid  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Skunk  Kiver. 
The  lurraoe  it  undulming;  the  soil  it  very  Tertilo.  Indian 
oom,  wheat,  oatt,  bay,  and  pork  are  the  ttnpie  prodaotn. 
9poi  oarboniferuui  limcttono  umlorllcii  the  •oil.  The  eoanty 
{■  intenaoted  by  tho  Huiliof^ton  A  MiKgnuri  Hirer  KiiilronJ, 
the  Burlington  A.  ^M>lllhno.«tern  Kiiilruad,  and  tho  Iturling- 
ton,  Cedar  Rapid*  A  Northern  Railroad.  Capital,  Rurling- 
ton.    Pop.  in  1870,  37,366 ;  in  1880,  »:{,009  ;  in  1800,  35,»2  i. 

Det  MoineSf  a  oity,  the  capital  of  Iowa,  and  scat  of 

iuitice  of  Polk  oo.,  it  situated  on  both  sides  uf  tho  Des 
loinea  Hirer  («t  the  mouth  of  the  Raecoon  River),  which 
afford*  abundant  water-power  and  is  crossed  by  I.H  bridges. 
Lat.  41»  .V  N.;  Ion.  U3°  37'  30"  W.  The  site  is  ele- 
vated, liy  railroad.  Dee  Moines  is  358  miles  W.  of  Chi- 
cago, 3B0  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Louis,  and  137  miles  E.  by  N. 
from  Omaha.  The  city  has  8  public  parks.  The  principal 
public  bntldings  are  a  fine  state-house  which  cut<t  nearly 
f:{,000,000,  and  a  marble  edifice  built  by  the  United  States 
for  the  post-office  and  court-house  at  a  cost  of  $222,566. 
There  are  in  the  city  76  church  organizations  occupying 
their  own  houses  of  worship,  the  following  donominationb 
being  represented:  Methodirt  Episcopal  (including  (Jer- 
mnn,  Scandinavian,  and  African),  Presbyterian,  liaptist 
(including  African),  Lutheran  (English,  Cieniian,  and 
Swedish),  Evangelical,  Human  CHtbulic  (including  Ger- 
man), Unitetl  Brethren,  Hebrew,  Friends,  Congrrgational, 
Protestant  Episcopal,  Christian  (Disciple),  Unitarian, 
United  Presbyterian,  Second  Advent,  and  Latter- Day 
Saints.  The  city  also  has  a  large  and  prosperous  branch 
of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Association.  The  organiza- 
tion is  now  finishing  a  $75,000  building,  the  same  being 
equipped  with  parlors,  reading-rooms,  library,  gymnasium, 
baths,  music-hall,  Ac.  The  buildings  will  be  free  from 
mortgage.  The  schools  of  the  city  proper  occupy  39  sub- 
stantial buildings,  including  a  new  structure  for  high  and 
industrial  departments.  The  total  number  of  teachers  em- 
ployed is  331,  their  salaries  ranging  from  $45  to  $145  per 
month.  The  superintendent's  salary  is  $2000  per  year. 
Several  new  school  buildings  are  now  in  process  of  erection. 
Excellent  parochial  schools  are  maintained  by  the  Roman 
Catholics  and  Hebrews.  There  are  also  private  schools,  and 
a  young  ladies'  seminary  (Catholic)  of  a  high  order.  It 
has  also  3  opera-houses,  2  high  schools,  the  state  library 
of  about  20,000  volumes,  5  national  banks,  7  other  bunks, 
and  printing-offices  which  issue  4  daily  and  30  weekly  news- 
papers and  several  monthly  periodicals.  There  are  also  in 
the  city  4  prosperous  universities, — Des  Moines  College, 
under  the  patronage  of  the  Baptist  denomination ;  Drake 
University,  non-denominational,  and  yet  being  especially 
fostered  by  the  Christian  church;  Callanan  College,  and 
Highland  Park  (industrial)  College.  The  first-named  has 
fine  buildings  and  large  and  beautiful  grounds  on  Ninth 
street,  the  Drake  has  similar  buildings  and  grounds  in 
University  Place,  the  Callanan  on  Pleasant  street,  and  the 
industrial  college  at  Highland  Park.  The  aggregnte  at- 
tendance upon  these  institutions  reaches  about  2000  per 
annum.  The  scholarship  of  the  faculties  ranks  high,  and 
the  courses  of  study  are  similar  to  those  of  the  best  colleges 
of  the  country.  Its  industries  embrace  3  iron-foundries,  3 
electric-light  plants,  3  planing-mills,  several  flouring-inills, 
and  manufactures  of  machinery,  steam-engines  and  boilers, 
electric  railway  cars,  farming-implements,  carriages,  ladi<'s' 
and  children's  shoes,  Ac.  There  are,  all  told,  301)  factories 
of  various  kinds,  which  reported  in  1890  a  capital  of 
$2,792,979  and  a  product  valued  at  $5,242,992.  Tho  city  is 
surrounded  by  large  deposits  of  good  coal.  It  was  one  of 
the  first  to  adopt  the  electric-car  system,  and  the  same  is 
very  complete,  covering  about  100  miles.  The  wholesale 
trade  in  1892  amounted  to  about  $40,000,000. 

Des  Moines  is  the  converging  point  for  17  niilroad  lines, 
affording  as  many  distinct  outlets  by  rail,  and  giving  quick 
and  direct  communication  with  tho  99  counties  of  Iowa 
and  the  country  at  large.  The  city  enjoys  com])lete  ser- 
Ticc  with  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City,  and 
the  country  of  tho  far  west.  It  is  a  distributing  point,  with 
time-tables  so  arranged  as  to  afford  close  connection  with 
all  trunk  lines  running  in  various  directions.  Ninety-six 
passenger  trains  now  arrive  and  leave  daily.  The  seat  of 
ttate  government  wag  established  here  in  1855.  Pop.  in 
1870,  12,035;  in  1880,  22,408;  in  1890,  50,093;  in  1893, 
about  72,000. 

Desna,  dfis'ni,  a  river  of  Russia,  governments  of  Smo- 
'lensk,  Orel,  and  Chernigov,  joins  the  Dnieper  nearly  o^ipo- 


lite  Kiev,  after  a  6.  eonrse  of  nearly  &00  miles.  On  it  are 
the  towns  liriausk  and  Chernigov. 

Dn  So'to,  a  parinh  in  tho  N.W.  part  of  Louisiana,  bor- 
dering on  Texas,  has  nn  area  of  about  866  square  miles.  It 
it  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  Sabine  River,  and  on  the  N.K. 
by  several  lakes  and  bayous  connected  with  Red  River. 
The  surface  it  extensively  covered  with  forestt;  the  soil  it 
fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  oom,  and  pork  are  the  staple  procl- 
uots.  Capital,  Mansfield.  Pop.  in  1870,  14,962  ;  in  18!S0, 
16.603;  in  1890,  19,860. 

De  Soto,  a  northern  county  of  Mississippi,  bordering 
on  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of  about  480  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Coldwater  River,  an  ntHuent  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi. The  surface  is  nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  A 
large  portion  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  Cotton,  Indian 
corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  it 
intersected  by  a  division  of  tho  Illinois  Central  Railroad. 
Capital,  Hernando.  Pop.  in  1870,  32,021 ;  in  1880,  22,924; 
in  1890,  24,183. 

De  Soto,  Floyd  CO.,  Ga.,  is  a  suburb  of  Rome,  and  is 
separated  from  it  by  the  Oostenaula  River. 

De  Soto,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  III.,  in  Do  Soto 
township,  on  the  Rig  Muddy  River,  and  on  the  Illinois 
Central  Railroa<l,  63  miles  N.  of  Cairo.  It  has  4  churches. 
Pop.  in  1890,  376;  of  the  township,  1468. 

De  Soto,  a  post-village  of  Dallas  co.,  Iowa,  in  Van 
Meter  township,  22  miles  by  mil  \V.  by  S.  of  Des  Moines. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  Ac. 

De  Soto,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Kansas  River,  16  miles  by  rail  K.  of  Lawrence.  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  graded  school.  * 

De  Soto,  a  post-village  of  Clarke  eo.,  Miss.,  on  tb« 
Chickasawhu  River,  31  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Meridian,  It 
has  2  churches,  a  woollen-factory,  a  tannery,  Ac, 

De  Soto,  a  post-town  of  Jefferson  co.,  Mo.,  on  Joachim 
Creek,  and  on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  A  Southern 
RailroEui,  43  miles  8.  by  W.  from  St.  Louis.  It  has  12 
churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  raiIro<id  ma- 
chine-shops. Grain,  lead,  and  zinc  are  shipped  here.  Pop. 
in  1890,  3960. 

De  Soto,  a  post-township  of  Washington  co..  Neb.,  on 
the  Missouri  River,  26  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  from  Omaha. 

De  Soto,  a  post-village  of  Vernon  co.,  Wis.,  on  tho 
Mississippi  River,  about  28  miles  S.  of  La  Crosse,  and  5 
miles  above  Lansing,  Iowa.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded 
school,  and  a  carriage-factory. 

De  Soto  Front,  a  post-office  of  De  Soto  co.,  IMiss. 

De  Soto  Junction,  Kansas.    See  Cbdak  Junctio.x. 

De  So'toviUe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Choctaw  co.,  Ala.,  18 
miles  S.  of  York  Station,     It  has  2  churches  near  it. 

Des'pard  Mines,  a  station  in  Harrison  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  tho  llaltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  i  mile  E.  of  Clarksburg. 
Here  are  mines  of  coal. 

Des  Peres,  d^  pair,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Louis  co.. 
Mo.,  3  miles  from  Kirkwood  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a 
church,  an  orphan  home,  a  manufactory  of  wagons,  Ac. 

Des  Plaines,  dk  plain,  a  branch  of  the  Illinois  River, 
rises  in  Rjicine  co.,  Wis.,  intersects  Kenosha  co.,  and  passes 
into  Lako  co..  111.  It  runs  southward  to  Lyons,  in  Cook  co., 
below  which  It  flows  southwestward,  passes  by  Joliet,  and 
unites  with  the  Kankakee  River  about  13  miles  S.W.  of 
that  city.  The  stream  formed  by  this  confluence  is  the 
Illinois  River.  The  Des  Plaines  is  about  150  miles  long. 
It  is  often  called  0  J'lain. 

Des  Plaines,  a  post-village  of  Cook  co.,  111.,  in  Maine 
township,  on  the  Des  Plaines  River  (here  spanned  by  a  lino 
bridge),  and  on  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  HIJ 
miles  N.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  4  churches,  a  cauip-mcct- 
ing  ground,  a  large  brick-yard,  a  stejua  fiouring-mill,  and 
a  graded  school.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Despoto  Dagh,  dds-po'to  d&g  (anc.  Rhod'ope),  a  moun- 
tain-chain of  European  Turkey,  in  Roumeli.i,  leaves  the 
Balkan  about  40  miles  E.  of  Ghiustcndil,  c.vtcnds  S.E.,  and 
terminates  on  the  bank  of  the  Maritza,  the  biisin  of  which 
river  it  bounds  on  the  S.W.     Elevation,  7800  feet. 

Des  Rivieres, di  rce'vee-ain', or  Malinaison,iniir- 
mi^zbs"',  a  post-village  in  Missisquoi  co.,  Quebec,  on  Pike 
River,  40  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Montreal.     Pop.  100. 

Dessau,  dds'sow,  written  alsoDes'saw  (L.  Deand' via), 
a  town  of  Northern  Germany,  capital  of  the  duchy  of  An- 
halt,  on  the  left  branch  of  the  Mulde,  near  its  confluence 
with  the  Elbe,  at  a  railway  junction,  67  miles  S.W.  of  JSerlin. 
It  consists  of  an  old  and  a  new  town  and  several  suburbs, 
and  is  well  built  and  lighted.  Principal  public  ediflccs,  the 
ducal  palace,  built  in  1470,  and  having  a  theatre,  a  good 
collection  of  paintings,  and  other  works  of  art;  two  other 
palaces,  the  Amelia  Asylum,  the  gymnasium,  riding-school 


DES 


1031 


DEU 


Lutheran,  Roman  Catholic,  and  2  Calvin  ist  churches,  and  a 
gj-nagoguc.  It  has  a  college,  a  normal  school,  schools  of 
music,  a  Jewish  classical  seminary,  manufixctures  of  wool- 
lens, linens,  hats,  musical  instruments,  tobacco,  spirits,  and 
leather,  and  a  brisk  trade.  The  ground  around  Dessau, 
originally  a  sandy  waste,  has  been  reclaimed,  and  is  now 
ooTorcd  with  beautiful  gardens,  which  form  the  principal 
attraction  of  the  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  34,658. 

Dessook,  or  Dessnk,  des^sook',  written  also  Desuk 
»nd  Ed-Dasook,  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  the  Rosetta  arm  of 
the  Nile,  at  a  railway  junction,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Daman- 
hoor.     It  is  a  place  of  Moslem  pilgrimage. 

Desterro,  dSs-tSn'Ro,  or  Nossa  Senhora  do  Des- 
terro,  nos'si  sfin-yo'rS,  do  d5s-t5R'no,  a  city  of  Brazil, 
capital  of  the  state  of  Santa  Catharina,  on  the  W.  coast 
of  the  island  of  Santa  Catharina,  460  miles  S.W.  of  Rio 
Janeiro.  Chief  buildings,  the  palace  of  the  governor  of  the 
state,  an  arsenal,  and  a  small  hospital.  It  is  defended  by 
several  forts,  and  has  an  excellent  port.     Pop.  6300. 

Desvres,  dfiv'r  or  daiv'r,  a  town  of  Fnmcc,  in  Pas- 
de-Calais,  11  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Boulogne.  Pop.  3265. 
It  has  manufactures  of  coarse  woollen  cloths,  earthenwares, 
and  leather. 

Deth'wick-Lea,  a  village  of  England,  co.  and  14  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Derby.     Pop.  965. 

Dct'mold  (Ger.  pron.  dit'molt),  a  town  of  Germany, 
capital  of  the  principality  of  Lippe,  on  the  Werra,  47  miles 
B.W.  of  Hanover.  It  consists  of  an  old  and  a  new  town,  with 
IV  suburb,  and  has  a  palace  of  the  prince,  a  normal  school,  a 
gymnasium,  a  good  library,  a  penitentiary,  a  hospital,  and 
a  school  of  arts  and  sciences.  In  the  vicinity  is  a  summer 
palace  of  the  princes.     Pop.  in  1875,  6056 ;  in  1890,  97.%. 

Det'mold,  a  hamlet  of  Franklin  co..  Mo.,  7  miles  from 
New  Haven.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Detour,  d§-toor',  a  post-hamlet  of  Chippewa  co.,  Mich., 
near  St.  Mary's  River,  about  100  miles  N.N.E.  of  Petoskey. 

Detour  dn  Lac,  d^-toou'  dii  lik,  or  Notre  Dame 
du  Lac,  not'r  dim  dii  Idk,  a  post-village  in  Temiscouata 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  Lake  Temiscouata,  47i  miles  E.S.E.  of  Ri- 
viere du  Loup  en  baa.     Pop.  180. 

Detour  (d^-toor')  Point,  a  headland  of  Chippewa  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  opposite  the  W. 
extremity  of  Drummond  Island.  Lat.  45°  57'  N.;  Ion.  84° 
4'  W.     Between  the  island  and  the  point  is  Detour  Piiss. 

DeUroit',  a  post-village  of  Lamar  co.,  Ala.,  30  miles 
E.N.B.  of  Aberdeen,  Miss.     It  has  an  academy. 

Detroit,  a  post-village  of  Pike  co.,  III.,  about  27  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Jacksonville,  and  7  miles  E.  of  PIttsfield.  It 
has  a  high  school,  3  churches,  and  a  carriage-shop.    P.  160. 

Detroit,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Kansas  River,  5  miles  by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Abilene. 

Detroit,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  co..  Me.,  on  the 
Sebasticook  River,  27  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Bangor.  It  has 
a  church  and  1  or  2  tanneries.     Pop.  about  250. 

Detroit, de-troit'  (Fr.  pron.  diHrwi',  from  the  "strait" 
which  constitutes  the  Detroit  River),  the  metropolis  of 
Michigan  and  seat  of  justice  for  Wayne  co.,  is  a  port  of 
entry  very  favorably  situated  at  the  head  of  that  stream 
and  the  foot  of  Lake  St.  Clair,  opposite  Windsor,  Walker- 
ville,  and  Sandwich,  in  Canada,  with  a  river  front  of  about 
9  miles  and  a  total  site  of  30  square  miles.  Lat.  of  city 
hall,  42°  19'  51"  N. ;  Ion.  83°  2'  54.6"  W.  The  river,  "the 
Dardanelles  of  the  New  World,"  is  here  half  a  mile  to  3 
miles  wide,  has  no  freshets,  and  makes  an  admirable  harbor. 
There  is  ample  steamer  and  other  vessel  service;  12  rail- 
ways, most  of  them  trunk-lines,  converge  upon  3  union 
depots,  and  the  city  has  an  extensive  system  of  tram -ways, 
partly  equipped  with  electric  motors.  Its  site  is  rather  flat, 
but  has  good  drainage  and  one  of  the  finest  water-services  in 
the  world.  Electric  lights  are  used  upon  tall  towers,  giving 
superb  views  from  lake  or  land  as  the  city  is  approached  by 
night.  The  fire  department  includes  about  20  steam-  and 
chemical-machines,  and  an  alarm-telegraph,  with  a  paid 
force  of  300  men.  The  metropolitan  police  number  about 
400,  with  full  apparatus  of  telephones,  signal-boxes,  patrol- 
wagons,  &c.  Public  schools  occupy  over  50  large  buildings, 
and  there  is  an  unusual  number  of  private  and  parochial 
schools,  including  the  Detroit  (Catholic)  College,  2  colleges 
of  medicine,  and  a  law  school.  Streets  are  wide,  partly  on 
picturesque  European  plans,  and  superbly  set  with  trees, 
and  a  handsomely  improved  boulevard  surrounds  the  major 
part.  Belle  Isle,  "  the  beautiful  islet,"  is  a  noble.park,  and 
there  are  many  smaller  public  spaces  in  the  city.  Fort 
AVayne  is  a  four-company  garrisoned  post  at  the  southwest 
corner.  The  city  is  well  built,  largely  of  stone  and  brick, 
and  mostly  in  separate  homes,  with  no  swarming  tenement 
'  houses.    Among  public  structures  are  a  costly  new  govern-^ 


ment  building,  a  fine  city  hall  set  with  statues,  a  public 
library  containing  100,000  volumes,  sufficient  market  and 
other  municipal  ediflces,  a  soldiers'  monument  designed  by 
Randolph  Rogers,  a  fountain  given  by  the  late  Governor 
Bagley,  3  opera-houses,  and  a  number  of  creditable  hotels. 
The  later  and  some  older  church  buildings  are  noble  ex- 
amples of  architecture.  About  150  church  societies  and 
missions  are  organized,  and  Catholic,  Episcopal,  and  Meth- 
dist-Episcopal  bishops  reside  here.  Public,  denominational, 
and  private  charities  abound.  A  board  of  trade,  chamber 
of  commerce,  and  numerous  exchange;:  have  been  formed. 
There  are  15  state,  8  national,  and  several  private  banks, 
and  7  daily,  2  semi-weekly,  38  weekly,  6  semi-monthly,  20 
monthly,  1  bi-monthly,  and  3  quarterly  periodicals.  Com- 
merce is  enormous,  and  a  greater  tonnage  passes  annually 
than  by  any  other  port  on  the  globe.  Industries  are  ex- 
ceedingly diversified,  and  bring  large  revenues.  Much 
wealth  is  also  still  derived  from  the  lumber  business  of  the 
interior  and  the  mines  of  the  Upper  Peninsula.  Total  valua- 
tion for  taxation  in  1892,  $184,229,130 ;  tax-rate,  16.63  mills. 
The  death-rate  rarely  reaches  20  per  1000  of  population. 
The  site  of  Detroit  was  part  of  New  France.  It  was  settled 
as  a  trading  and  fortified  post  by  Cadillac  in  1701,  became 
British  in  1763,  American  in  1796,  British  again  in  1812, 
and  finally  American  in  1813.  It  is  older  than  St.  Peters- 
burg, Philadelphia,  or  Baltimore,  and  has  an  interesting 
history  and  historic  surrounding.  It  was  the  capital  of 
Michigan  Territorv,  and  for  a  time  of  the  state.  Pop.  in 
1810,  770;  in  1820,  1442;  in  1830,  2222;  in  1840,  9102; 
in  1850,  21,019;  in  1860,  45,019;  in  1870,  79,577;  in  1880, 
116,340;  in  1884,  132,956;  in  1890,  205,876;  in  1892 
(estimated),  260,000'. 

Detroit  (Detroit  City  Post-Office),  a  post-village,  cap- 
ital of  Becker  co.,  Minn.,  is  on  Detroit  Lake,  and  on  the 
Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  46  miles  E.  of  Moorehead,  and 
207  miles  W.  of  Duluth.  It  has  a  bank,  4  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  1510. 

Detroit,  a  po.st-village  of  Red  River  co.,  Tex.,  12  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Clarksville.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  an  academy,  a  mill,  a  cotton-gin,  and 
general  stores.     Pop.  in  1890,  604. 

Detroit  River,  Michigan,  issues  from  Lake  St.  Clair, 
runs  southward,  forms  part  of  the  boundary  between  the 
United  States  and  the  province  of  Ontario  (Canada),  and 
enters  Lake  Erie  near  its  western  end,  about  20  miles  below 
the  city  of  Detroit.  It  is  about  25  miles  long,  and  varies 
in  width  from  ^  mile  to  1  mile.  It  is  navigable  for  large 
ships.     Detroit  is  the  French  for  "  strait." 

Dets,  a  village  of  Hungary.     See  Decs. 

Dctta,  ddt'toh\  or  Gyedu,  dyiMoo'  or  jiMoo',  a  town 
of  Hungarj',  23  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Tcmesvar.     P.  2745. 

Dettelbach,  d3t'tel-biK^,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
Main,  10  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  WUrzburg.    Pop.  2255. 

Dettenheim,  d5t'ten-hime\  a  village  of  Bavaria,  in 
Middle  Franconia,  25  miles  S.  of  Anspach.     Pop.  350. 

Dettingen,  ddt'ting-^n,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Wiir- 
temberg,  in  the  Black  Forest,  on  the  Erms,  6  miles  S.W.  of 
Niirtingcn.     Pop.  2850. 

Dettin^en,  a  town  of  AViirtemberg,  15  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Ulm.     Pop.  1450. 

Dettiugen,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  in  Lower  Franconia, 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Main,  8  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  As- 
chaiTenburg.  In  June,  1743,  the  allied  British  and  Austrian 
anny,  under  George  II.,  gained  a  victory  hero  over  the 
French,  under  Marshal  Noailles.    Pop.  657. 

Dettva,  ddtt'voh\  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Sohl,  20 
miles  E.  of  Altsohl.     Pop.,  with  surroundings,  10,035. 

Dettweiler,  dilfwiM^r  (Fr.  Vettwiller,  ddtt'vecriaiR'), 
ft  town  of  Alsace,  4i  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Zabern,  on  the 
Zorn.     Pop.  1809. 

De  Turks'ville,  a  post-hamlct  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa., 
4  miles  N.E.  of  Pine  Grove. 

Deucar,  du'kar',  a  town  of  NepauL  Lat.  28°  8'  N. ; 
Ion.  82°  E. 

Deuel,  or  Duel,  du-el',  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of 
South  Dakota,  bordering  on  Minnesota,  has  an  area  of  630 
square  miles.  It  contains  lakes,  and  is  intersected  by  two 
railroads.    Capital,  Gary.    Pop.  in  1880,  2302 ;  in  1890,  4574. 

Deuel,  a  post-office  of  Deuel  co.,  S.D. 

Dcule,  dul,  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  Pas-de- Calais, 
passes  Lille  to  Quesnoy,  in  Nord,  and  joins  the  Lys. 

Deulina,  dU-lce'nd,  a  village  of  Russia,  government 
and  33  miles  N.  of  Moscow,  on  the  Voria. 

Deurne,  d6-iiii'n?h,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
North  Brabant,  5  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Helmond.    Pop,  4291 

Deume,  d^^uRn',  a  village  of  Belgium,  2  miles  E.  of 
Antwerp.     Pop.  3164. 


DEU 


DBV 


Dentleiaoiit.  dormA!«*',a  town  of  Franco,  department 
of  Nord.  8  mile*  N.W.  of  Lille.     Pop.  1062. 

DeuUohem*  dtt'to-Kim,  Doetichemtdoo'to-icAm,  or 
Doetinchenit  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Oelderland, 
OB  the  Old  Yaael,  I A  milee  &  of  Amhem.     Pop.  2501. 

Deutschbrod,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    Seo  Uiiod. 

Deutscheudorf,  doitch'«n-donf\  or  Poprad,  po^- 
prAd',  a  town  of  Hungary,  oo.  of  Zips,  15  milos  by  rail 
W.N.W.  of  IrIo.     Pop.  10»1. 

Deiitttcher  Bund.    8oo  Gbrmant. 

l>(>iit!«clioti  Mcett  the  Gorman  for  North  Ska. 

Deuttich-IIaiiset  doitch-hSw'zfh,  or  Husowa,  hoo- 
■o'vA,  a  town  of  Moravia,  16  miloa  N.N.E.  of  Oluiutz.  Pop. 
1760. 

Dentsch'Kronef  doitch-kro'n^b,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
on  Lake  Kiulnor.  61  luiloa  W.N.W.  of  Poson.     Pop.  6146. 

Dciit^cliland.    See  Germany. 

Deiit>iclfLvptsch,  Hungary.    See  Nbmkth-Lipcse. 

]>oiitu'ciler,  a  town  of  Germany.  Seo  Dudwkiler. 
.  DeiitZy  or  Duytz,  doits  (the  Tui'tium  of  the  llomans), 
»  fortified  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  on  the  right  bank  of 
the  Rhino,  opposite  Cologne,  with  which  city  it  is  united 
by  a  fine  railway  bridge  and  a  bridge  of  boats.  It  has  an 
ancient  lienediutine  abbey,  a  railway  junction,  a  large  mili- 
tary establishment,  nnd  nuiiiufacturos  of  playing-cards, 
soup,  jwreelain,  velvets,  and  silk.     Pop.  14,513. 

Deux-PontS)  duh-pAK»  (Gcr.  Zioeibrilcken,  tswi-briik'- 
k^n ;  L.  llipon'ttiim),  a,  town  of  Rhenish  Bavaria,  formerly 
capital  of  an  independent  duchy,  on  the  Erbach,  near  its 
condueneo  with  the  Serre,  50  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Spcyer. 
It  is  well  built,  and  has  remains  of  an  ancient  ducal  palace, 
a  penitentiary,  a  gymnasium,  and  manufactures  of  woollen 
cloths,  leather,  cotton,  silk  plush,  and  tobacco.  In  tho  vi- 
cinity are  tho  ruins  of  a  fine  castlo  built  by  Stanislaus, 
King  of  Poland.  Tho  French  name  Deux-Po.vts,  and  the 
German  ZweibrUcke.v,  both  signifying  "two  bridges,"  are 
derived  from  the  circumstance  of  its  old  castle  being  situ- 
ated between  two  bridges.  Lat,  49"  10'  N.;  Ion.  7°  20'  E. 
Pon.  about  12,000. 

Deux-S^vrcs,  duh-saiv'r  or  duh-sSvr  (t'.e.,  the  "two 
Sivres"'),  a  department  in  the  W.  of  France,  formed  of  part 
of  the  old  province  of  Poitou.  Area,  2315  square  miles. 
The  surface  is  divided  by  a  plateau  into  two  parts, — a  moun- 
tainous, rocky  region,  partly  wooded,  in  the  N.E.,  called 
tho  Gatine,  and  a  level  district.  Principal  rivers,  the 
6<ivre-Niortaise  and  the  S^vre-Nantaise,  from  which  it  de- 
rives its  name.  The  soil  is  generally  fertile,  pasturage  is 
excellent,  and  cattle,  horses,  mules,  and  asses,  the  latter  of 
an  excellent  breed,  are  extensively  reared.  Game  and  fish 
abound.  Chief  industry,  the  manufacture  of  leather,  gloves, 
woollens,  linens,  cottons,  and  beet  sugar.  The  department 
has  mines  of  iron,  marble,  and  granite,  and  is  divided  into 
the  arrondisscments  of  Niort,  Bressuire,  Melle,  and  Par- 
thenay.     Capital,  Niort.     Pop.  in  1891,  354,282. 

Deva,dA'voh*  (Ger.  iJieniWcA,  deem'riK,  or  Schlosaberg, 
BhlSss'bdRG;  L.  Decap'olis?),  a  town  of  Transylvania,  co. 
of  Ilunyad,  on  the  Maros,  15  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Szaszvaros. 
Near  it  are  a  copper-mine  and  paper-mills.     Pop.  3277. 

Deva^  dd'vA,,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Guipuzcoa,  with  a  port 
on  the  Deva,  near  tho  Bay  of  Biscay.     Pop.  1136. 

Deva,  or  Deva  Castra.    See  Chester. 

Deva,  the  Latin  name  of  the  river  Dee. 

Devaar,  or  Davar,  d§-var',  a  small  isle  of  Argyle- 
shire,  Scotland,  with  a  light-house,  in  Kilbrannan  Sound, 
off  Campbeltown. 

De'vall's'  Bluff,  a  post-village  of  Prairie  co.,  Ark., 
on  the  W.  bank  of  White  River,  and  on  the  Memphis  & 
Little  Rock  Railroad,  47  miles  E.  of  Little  Rock,  and  87 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Memphis.  It  has  a  money-order  post- 
ofiSce  and  a  saw-mill. 

Devana,  an  ancient  name  of  Aberdeen,  Scotland. 

Dcvanciialli,  a  town  of  India.    See  Dawundhclly. 

Dcvanes,  de-vainz',  a  post-villago  of  Cumberland  co., 
N.C.,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Fayetteville.  It  has  an  academy,  a 
Inmber-mill,  <fcc.     Pop.  130. 

Dcvaprayaga,  di'vi-prl-i'gl,  a  town  of  Northern 
India,  in  Gurhwal,  reckoned  holy  to  Hindoos  as  being  tho 
place  where  tho  Bhagirathi  and  Alakananda  Rivers  unite 
to  form  the  Ganges.  It  has  an  ancient  temple,  and  numerous 
■tone  houses  inhabited  by  Brahmans. 

Devecser,  a  town  of  Hungary.    Seo  Devetser. 

Dev'enish,  an  island  of  Ireland,  in  Lough  Erne,  2 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Enniskillen.  It  contains  remains  of  ancient 
religious  establishments. 

Dcv'ens,  a  station  in  Hamilton  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Indianap- 
olis, Cincinnati  &  Lafayette  Railroad,  14  miles  W.  of  Cin- 
einnatL 


Deventer,  or  Dewentcr,  ddv'on-t«r,  sometimes  called 
Dem'ter  (L.  Daven'tria),  an  ancient  fortified  city  of  the 
Netherlands,  in  Overyssel,  8  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Zut])lien,  on 
the  Yssul.  The  streets  are  generally  narrow,  but  the  mar- 
ket-places  largo  and  wide.  The  town  house  is  of  great  size; 
in  it  the  athentcum  has  its  library.  The  court-houso  and 
prison  aro  handsome  structures,  as  is  also  the  wcigh-house, 
an  ancient  building.  There  are  1  Catholic  and  5  Protest- 
ant churches,  several  hospitals,  and  an  orphan  house;  the 
Jews  have  a  small  synagogue.  Though  no  longer  the  third 
commercial  city  of  the  Netherlands,  it  still  derives  great 
advantages  from  its  harbor  on  tho  Yssel.  It  exports  many 
thousand  terns  of  buttor  and  of  honey-cakes,  and  has  a  carpet- 
factory,  foundries,  a  stocking-manufactory,  and  various  other 
industrial  establishments.  It  has  an  athcntcum,  a  Lntin 
and  an  industrial  nnd  other  schools,  a  fine  arts  society,  a 
natural  history  and  chemical  society,  ond  a  society  for  the 
encouragement  of  industry.  Devcnter  is  the  seat  of  an  Old- 
Catholic  (Janscnist)  bishop.     Pop.  17,521. 

Dcvcrcaux,  dfiv'^-rO',  a  township  of  Washington  co.. 
Mo.     Pop.  8.  . 

Devcreaux,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Lansing  divii^ion  of  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  South- 
ern Railroad,  31  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Lansing. 

Devcreaux,  a  hnmlet  of  llerkimer  co.,  N.Y.,  on  East 
Canada  Creek,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Little  Falls.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Devcreaux  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co., 
Ga.,  on  tho  Macon  <t  Augusta  Railroad,  15  miles  N.E.  of 
Milledgeville.     It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school-and  a  mill. 

Devcreux,  dfiv'9-ro\  a  station  in  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  on 
the  Swampscott  &  Marblchead  Branch  of  the  Eastern  Ilail- 
road,  li  miles  from  Marblehead. 

Devcreux,  a  station  on  the  Rochester  &  State  Line 
Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Ellicottville,  N.Y. 

Dev'eron,  or  Dov'eron,  a  river  of  Scotland,  cos.  of 
Aberdeen  and  Banff,  enters  the  North  Sea  at  Banff. 

Dev'er's  Woods,  or  Dev'er's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lib- 
erty CO.,  Tex.,  on  the  Texas  &  New  Orleans  Railroad,  53 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Houston. 

Devetser,  or  Devecser,  diSSch'ain',  a  town  of 
Hungary,  8U  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  3381. 

Dev'icot'ta,  asenporttown  of  British  India,  presidency 
of  Madras,  district  and  60  miles  N.E.  of  Tanjore. 

De  View,  de  vu',  a  post- village  of  AVoodruff  co.,  Ark., 
14  miles  S.E.  of  Augusta.  It  has  3  churches,  a  free  school, 
and  manufacturers  of  wagons,  buggies,  and  plough-stocks. 

Dev'il  Island,  of  Terra  del  Fuego,  is  in  lat.  64°  6J» 
30"  S.,  Ion.  69°  4'  50"  W. 

Devil  Lake,  North  Dakota.    See  Mi.vni  Wakan. 

D6villc-les-Kouen,  diSeel'-li-roo-AN"',  a  village 
of  France,  in  Seine-Inf6rieure,  on  the  Cailly,  2  miles  N.W. 
of  Rouen.  Pop.  4183.  It  has  manufactures  of  cotton  cloths, 
chemicals,  and  p.aper. 

Dev'il's  Ba'sin,  a  port  in  Christmas  Sound,  Terra 
del  Fucgo.     Lat.  55°  10'  S. ;  Ion.  70°  W. 

Devil's  Bit  Mountains,  a  mountain-range  of  Ire- 
land, CO.  of  Tipperary,  between  the  Shannon  and  the  Suir. 

Devil's  Bridge  crosses  tho  Rcuss,  in  Switzerland, 
canton  of  Uri,  16  miles  S.  of  Altorf. 

Devil's  Gate,  a  station  in  Weber  co.,  Utah,  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Ogden. 

Devil's  Lake,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Ramsey  co., 
N.D.,  on  Devil's  Lake  (see  Mi.\ni-Wakan),  90  miles  by  rail 
W.N.W.  of  Grand  Forks.  It  has  6  churches,  2  banks,  2 
newspaper  ofBces,  a  state  school  for  the  deaf,  a  flour-mill, 
<tc.     Pop.  in  1890,  846. 

Devil's  Lake,  a  station  in  Sauk  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Chi- 
cago &  Northwestern  Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of  Baraboo,  and 
37  miles  N.W.  of  Madison,  on  a  lake  of  the  same  name,  li 
miles  long  and  i  mile  wide,  which  lies  in  a  deep  rocky 
chasm  and  has  no  visible  inflow  or  outlet.  It  is  one  of  the 
most  popular  summer  resorts  in  the  Northwest. 

Devil's  Peak,  a  mountain  of  Africa,  Cape  Colony,  in 
lat.  33°  57'  12"  S.,  Ion.  18°  31'  45"  E.     Height,  3315  feet. 

Devil's  Punch-Bowl,  a  small  lake'of  Ireland,  co. 
of  Kerry,  near  the  summit  of  Mangerton  Mourtain,  between 
2000  and  3000  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Devizes,  de-vi'ziz  ("The  Vize"  or  "Vies"),  a  borough 
of  England,  co.  of  Wilts,  on  the  Kennet  &  Avon  Canal,  86 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  London.  It  is  built  on  an  eminence  near 
tho  N.  limits  of  Salisbury  Plain.  The  main  streets,  branch- 
ing from  a  large  market-place,  are  spacious,  well  paved,  and 
lighted.  The  principal  buildings  are  2  ancient  churches,  an 
endowed  school  and  almshouse,  a  handsome  town  hall  and 
cross,  a  large  county  jail,  and  a  workhouse.  Devizes  has 
mills  for  silk-throwing,  manufactures  of  snuff  and  of  malt. 


DEV 


1033 


DEW 


»nd  one  of  the  largest  markets  for  grain  in  the  W,  of  Eng- 
land.    It  sends  a  member  to  Parliament.     Pop.  6839. 

Devi'zcs,  a  post-office  of  Norton  co.,  Kansas. 

Devli,  dSv'Ieej  written  also  Diwie,  a  town  of  Asia 
Minor,  about  24  miles  N.E.  of  Karaman.     Pop.  4500. 

Devoch  (dee'vok)  Water,  a  lake  of  England,  co.  of 
CuinberlanJ,  4i  miles  E.  of  llavenglass.     Area,  300  acres. 

Dev'on,  or  Devonshire,  dSv'on-shir  (L.  Bevo'nia), 
a  county  of  England,  forming  part  of  its  S.W.  peninsula, 
and  having  N.  the  Bristol  Channel,  E.  the  counties  of  Somer- 
set and  Dorset,  S.  the  English  Channel,  and  AV.  Cornwall. 
Area,  25S6  square  miles.  The  surface  is  greatly  broken 
and  diversified,  but,  except  the  wild,  sterile  tracts  Dart- 
moor and  Exmoor,  is  generally  remarkable  for  fertility. 
The  vale  of  Exeter,  and  the  district  bordering  on  the 
English  Channel,  called  the  South  Hams,  are  especially 
beautiful  and  rich.  The  principal  rivers  are  the  Exe,  Dart, 
Tamar,  Taw,  Torridge,  Teign,  and  Axe.  The  inlets  of  Tor- 
bay  and  Plymouth  Sound  are  respectively  upon  its  S.E.  and 
S.AV.  sides.  The  county  is  famed  for  its  cider.  The  red 
Devon  breed  of  cattle  is  highly  esteemed ;  and  Dartmoor 
feeds  large  numbers  of  small  ponies.  Mines  of  copper  and 
tin  are  extensive.  Arsenic  and  manganese  are  also  mined. 
Lead,  granite,  kaolin,  and  umber  are  here  found.  The 
Great  AVestern  Railway  extends  through  the  S.  part  of  the 
county,  past  Exeter,  to  Plymouth.  Capital,  Exeter.  Ply- 
mouth, Devonport,  Tavistock,  Tiverton,  Barnstaple,  Honiton, 
Totness,  Ashburton,  and  Dartmouth  are  the  chief  towns. 
Pop.  in  1891,  031,767. Adj.  Devo.vian,  d§-vo'ne-an. 

pev'on,  a  river  of  Scotland,  cos.  of  Perth  and  Clack- 
mannan, rises  in  the  Ochil  Mountains,  and  joins  the  Forth 
near  Alloa.  It  has  remarkable  falls  near  the  village  of 
Crook  of  Devon,  and  its  scenery  has  been  celebrated  by  Burns. 

Devon,  Ontario.    See  Cextralia. 

Devonport,  ddv'on-port  (until  1824  called  Plymouth 
Dock),  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Devon,  at  its  S.W. 
extremity,  on  the  E.  shore  of  the  estuary  of  the  Tamar, 
termed  the  Hamoaze,  2  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Plymouth. 
The  town  stands  on  high  ground,  and  is  enclosed  by  ram- 
parts defended  by  batteries.  It  is  remarkably  clean  and  well 
Duilt.  It  is  as  a  naval  arsenal  the  largest  in  Great  Britain 
that  Devonport  derives  its  chief  characteristics.  The  national 
works,  constructed  for  government  purposes,  cover  not  less 
than  358  acres,  comprising  two  of  the  finest  dock-yards  in 
the  world.  Across  the  harbor  extends  a  floating  bridge. 
The  principal  structures  are  the  residence  of  the  port  ad- 
miral, the  government  house,  the  barracks,  the  hospital, 
chapels  of  ease,  assembly-rooms,  theatre,  and  a  Doric  col- 
umn erected  on  a  height  to  commemorate  the  changing  of  the 
name  of  the  town.  Devonport  has  breweries,  soap-factories, 
and  an  extensive  trade  in  refitting  and  victualling  ships. 
Pop.  49,449  ;  of  parliamentary  borough  (1891),  70,238.  Its 
principal  suburbs  are  Morice  Town  and  Stoke. 

Devonshire,  England.    See  Devon. 

Devra-Taboor,  dfiv'ri-tabooR',  or  Debra-Ta- 
boor,  dfib'ri-ti-booR',  a  populous  town  of  Abyssinia,  35 
miles  E.  of  Lake  Dembea,  in  lat.  11°  55'  N.,  Ion.  37°  45'  E. 
^  Devrighi,  dev^rce-gheo' (anc.  Nicop'olis?),a.  town  of 
Asiatic  Turkey,  pashalic  and  62  miles  E.  of  Seevas. 
,  Devynock,  de-viin'ok,  a  village  of  Wales,  co..  and  7 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Brecknock.     Pop.  of  parish,  1734. 

Dewa,  a  river  of  India.    See  Goggiia. 

De^wald',  a  hamlet  of  Nobles  co.,  Minn.,  10  miles  W. 
of  AVorthington.     Pop.  of  Dewald  township,  103. 

Dewandre,  Ceylon.     See  Dondra  Head. 

Dewangary,  deeVin-gi'ree,  a  populous  village  of 
Bootan,  having  several  Booddhio  temples. 

De^vart',  a  post-village  of  Northumberland  co..  Pa., 
on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the 
Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad,  19  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Sunbury. 
It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  a  machine-shop,  and  a 
cigar-factory.     Pop.  about  500. 

DeWvass',atownof  India,  23  miles  S.E.  of  Oojein.  It 
is  the  capital  of  a  rajahship,  under  British  protection. 

De^veese',  a  post-village  of  Clay  co..  Neb.,  9  miles  by 
tail  W.  of  Edgar,  and  11  miles  (direct)  S.  by  W.  of  Cla'y 
Centre.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  and  a  flour-mill. 
Pop.  about  300. 

Dewenter,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Deventer. 

Dewey,  a  post-office  of  Illinois.    See  Beherens. 

Dew'ey,  a  township  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  307. 

Dewey's,  a  station  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Pittsfield,  Mass., 
on  the  Housatonic  Railroad,  4  miles  from  Pittsfield. 

Dewey's,  a  post-oflice  of  Beaver  Head  co.,  Montana. 

Dewey's  Mills,  astation  in  Hartford  township,  Wind- 
sor CO.,  Vt.,  on  the  Woodstock  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of 
White  River  Junction. 
66 


DeAv'eyville,  a  post-village  of  Box  Elder  co.,  Utah,  on 
the  Utah  Northern  Railroad,  37  miles  N.  of  Ogden.  It  has 
a  church.     It  is  on  Bear  River. 

De  Witt,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Illinois,  has 
an  area  of  about  410  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Salt 
Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with 
prairies  and  tracts  of  good  timber,  the  former  of  which  aro 
more  extensive  than  the  latter.  The  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  has  beds  of  bituminous  coal.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  which  passes  through 
Clinton,  the  capital  of  the  county,  and  also  by  the  Terre 
Haute  <fc  Peoria,  and  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  & 
St.  Louis  Railroads.  Pop.  in  1870,  14,768;  in  1880,  17,010; 
in  1890,  17,011. 

De  Witt,  a  southern  county  of  Texas,  has  an  area  of 
about  850  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Guad- 
alupe River.  The  surface  is  agreeably  diversified  with 
rolling  uplands,  prairies,  and  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile, 
and  produces  pasture  for  great  numbers  of  cattle.  Cotton 
and  Indian  corn  are  produced  in  small  quantities.  The 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad  and 
the  San  Antonio  <fc  Arransas  Pass  Railroad,  both  of  which 
communicate  with  Cuero  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  6443 ; 
in  1880,  10,082;  in  1890.  14,307. 

De  Witt,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Arkansas  co..  Ark., 
is  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Arkansas  River,  25  miles  by  rail  S. 
by  E.  of  Stuttgart,  and  about  70  miles  S.E.  of  Little  Rock. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  saw  mill, 
and  a  cotton-gin  and  mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  246. 

De  Witt,  a  post-village  of  De  Witt  co..  111.,  9  miles  by 
rail  E.  by  N.  of  Clinton.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  saw- 
mill.    Pop.  in  1890,  265. 

De  Witt,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa,  is  in  Do 
Witt  township,  at  the  junction  of  two  railroads,  20  miles 
N.  of  Davenport,  and  19  miles  W.  of  Clinton.  It  has  7 
churches,  a  convent,  a  Catholic  academy,  a  bank,  and  manu- 
factures of  carriages,  flour,  and  farming-implements.  A 
weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.  It  is  the  trade  centre 
of  a  farming-district.     Pop.  1359  ;  of  the  township,  2437. 

De  Witt,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Kansas,  14 
miles  (direct)  W.  by  S.  of  AVashington. 

De  Witt,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  Mich.,  on  Look- 
ing-Glass  lUver,  in  De  Witt  township,  8  miles  N.  of  Lan- 
sing, and  92  miles  AV.N.AV,  of  Detroit.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  high  school,  a  plough-factory,  a  foundry,  a  grist-mill,  and 
2  steam  saw-mills.     Pop.  about  300  ;  of  the  township,  1391. 

De  Witt,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Mis- 
souri River,  18  miles  by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Carrollton  and  84 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Kansas  City.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  sash-  and  door-factory,  2  wagon-  and 
carriage-factories,  and  an  axe-handle-  and  broom-factory. 
Pop.  in  1890,  633. 

De  Witt,  a  post-village  of  Saline  co..  Neb.,  on  the  Big 
Blue  River,  and  on  the  Burlington  <fc  Missouri  River  Rail- 
road, 13  miles  N.AV.  of  Beatrice.  It  has  3  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  2  grain-elevators,  2  grist-mills,  &c.     Pop.  751. 

De  Witt,  a  township  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  E, 
of  Syracuse.     Pop.  4560. 

De  Witt  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Erie  Canal  and  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  4 
miles  E.  of  Syracuse. 

De  Witt  Land,  a  region  in  Australia,  on  its  N.W. 
coast,  between  Ion.  120°  and  123°  E.,  opposite  Dampier 
Archipelago,  discovered  by  De  AVitt  in  1628. 

De  Witt's  Islands,  oflf  the  S.  coast  of  Tasmania, 
between  South  Cape  and  Southwest  Cape. 

De  Witt'ville,  a  post-village  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  N.  shore  of  Chautauqua  Lake,  5  miles  by  rail  S.E. 
of  Mayville.  It  has  a  church,  a  district  school,  manu- 
factures of  cheese  and  butter,  and  grist-,  saw-,  and  cider- 
mills.     Pop.  150. 

DcAvittville,  a  hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  is  adjacent 
to  Claryville,  and  20  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Ellenville.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  tannery. 

Dewitt'ville,  or  Port'age,  a  post-village  in  Hunting 
don  CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  Chateauguay  River,  43  miles  S.  of 
Montreal.  It  has  good  water-power,  and  saw-,  grist-,  and 
oarding-mills.     Pop.  300. 

Dew'sah,  a  considerable  town  of  AATestern  India,  32 
miles  E.  of  Jeypoor,  enclosed  by  a  wall. 

Dewsbury,  dewz'b?r-e,a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
AVest  Riding,  on  the  Calder,  8  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Leeds,  on  2 
railways.  It  has  a  free  school,  a  mechanics'  institute,  coal- 
mines, branch  banks,  a  blanket-hall,  and  large  maniifao 
tures  of  blankets,  carpets,  and  yam.  The  Calder  Naviga  tion 
connects  the  town  with  Hull  and  Liverpool.     Pop.  29,847, 


ViSX 


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0«X'ter»  a  po«t-village  of  JefTorfon  oo..  Ark.,  10  mllci 
Vy  rail  (Sampkw  SUUqh)  N.  by  W.  of  Pine  Bluff.  It  ha* 
a  ohurcb,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  luuiber-mill. 

Deiter.  a  (xxt-viljagv  of  Efflogbam  oo.,  III.,  33  miles 
bjr  rail  E.N.E.  of  Vandalia.    It  baa  a  ohurcb. 

Dexter«  a  pott-bamlot  of  Perry  ou.,  lod.,  i  mile  from 
tbe  Ohio  Hirer. 

DextCCf  an  inoorporated  po«t-town  of  Dallas  co.,  Iowa, 
M  miles  by  rail  W.8.\V.  of  Vet  Muiues,  aod  nbuut  U  miles 
6.W.  of  Adel.  It  has  a  bauk,  4  churcbea,  a  graded  school, 
|LBd  a  newspaper  office.    .Pup.  607. 

I>exter«  a  po«t-hamlet  of  Cowlcor  oo.,  Kansas,  in  Dexter 
township,  on  Grouse  Creel(,  19  miles  by  mil  S.B.  of  Win- 
tM.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  and  manu- 
iaotures  of  butter  and  clieei<e.     Pop.  371. 

Dexter,  a  post- village  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  in  Dexter 
township,  on  a  small  luko,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Maine 
Oentral  Railroad,  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bangor.  It  has  7 
churches,  2  bivnks,  a  newspaper  office,  woollen-mills,  a  foun- 
dry and  machine-shop,  a  duor-,  sash-,  and  churn-factory,  and 
harness-  and  carriage-works.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2732. 

Dexter,  a  post-villago  of  Washtenaw  oo.,  Mich.,  in  Soio 
township,  on  the  Huron  Kivor,  and  on  the  Michigan  Central 
fiailroad,  47  miles  W.  of  Detroit,  and  0  miles  N.W.  of  Ann 
Arbor.  It  has  4  churches,  a  union  school,  a  banking-house, 
a  woollen-mill,  a  sash-  and  blind-factory,  and  2  flour-mills. 
A  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.     Pop.  879. 

Dexter,  a  post-village  of  Mower  co.,  Minn.,  36  miles 
1^  rail  £.  of  Albert  Lea.  It  has  a  church  and  a  publio 
school.     Pop.  in  1890,  150. 

Dexter,  or  Dexter  City,  a  post-village  of  Stoddard 
00.,  Mo.,  at  the  junction  of  two  railroads,  7  miles  (direct) 
S.  of  Bloomfield,  and  49  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Cairo,  III. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  publio 
school,  and  flour-  and  saw-mills.     Pop.  792. 

Dexter,  a  station  in  Lincoln  co..  Neb.,  on  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad,  315  miles  W.  of  Omaha. 

Dexter,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Lake 
Ontario,  at  the  mouth  of  Black  River,  7  miles  W.  by  N. 
from  Watertown.  It  has  4  churches,  2  paper-  and  4  pulp- 
mills,  a  sulphite-  and  3  wood-factories,  <S;c.     Pop.  737. 

Dexter,  a  post-office  of  Meigs  co.,  0. 

Dexter,  a  post-office  of  Lane  co.,  Oregon,  19  miles  S.E. 
of  Eugene  City.     It  has  3  church  organizations. 

Dexter,  a  post-village  of  Cooke  co.,  Tex.,  4  miles  S.  of 
Bed  River,  and  27  miles  W.  of  Denison.  It  has  2  churches, 
an  academy,  and  a  mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  226. 

Dexter,  a  township  of  Wood  co..  Wis.,  is  drained  by 
the  Yellow  River,  and  intersected  by  the  Green  Bay  &  Min- 
nesota Railroad.  Hero  are  pine  forests,  cranberry  mardh^s, 
and  quarries  of  fine  granite. 

Dexter  City,  a  post-village  of  Noble  co.,  0.,  in  Jack- 
son and  Jefferson  townships,  8  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of 
Caldwell.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  a  roller-mill, 
ajid  a  stone  quarry.     Pop.  217. 

Dexter  City,  a  village  of  Missouri.     Sec  Dexter. 

Dex'tcrvillc,  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  isa  part  of  James- 
town, and  is  called  East  Jamestown.     Pop.  430. 

Dcxterville,  a  post-office  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  4  miles 
from  Fulton. 

Dexterville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wood  co^,  Wis.,  on  the 
Yellow  River,  and  on  the  Green  Bay  &  Minnesota  Rail- 
road, 15  miles  W.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  a  lumber-mill, 
a  granite-quarry,  and  a  bed  of  kaolin. 

Deynze,  or  Deynse,  din'z^h  (anc.  Don'zaf),  a  town 
of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanders,  at  a  railway  junction,  9  miles 
S.W.ofGhent,ontheLy8.     It  has  gin-distilleries.     P.  3822. 

Deypaulpoor,^  or  Depalpur,  di'pawrpooa'  or  di*- 
pawPpoor',  a  town  of  India,  22  miles  N.  W .  of  Indore.  Pop. 
4000. 

Dcyrah,  a  town  of  Hindostan.    See  Dehra. 

Dcy'8  (diz)  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Seneca  oo.,  N.Y., 
on  the  E.  shore  of  Seneca  Lake,  10  miles  S.  by  £.  of  Geneva. 

Dcza,  dA'tbil,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  35  miles 
6.E.  of  Soria,  on  a  rugged  hill.     Pop.  1273. 

Dczfool,  Dczful,  or  Dezphoul,  diz^fool',  written 
also  Dizfoul,  Desfoul,  and  Desful,  a  town  of  Persia, 
in  Khoozistan,  of  which  it  is  the  principal  mart,  on  the  Dez- 
fool  River  (Coprates),  32  miles  W.N.W.  of  Shooster.  Pop. 
15,000.  From  the  inferior  size  of  its  bazaar,  the  merchants 
expose  their  goods  for  sale  in  private  dwellings  or  caravan- 
saries. It  has  ruins  of  ancient  buildings,  and  near  it  arc 
many  mounds  of  Snesonian  origin. 

Dezima,  an  island  of  Japan.    See  Desiiu. 

Dhabbai,  a  town  of  India.    See  Duubboree. 

Dhabouli,  d&-boo'Ice,  a  toifu  of  Bengal,  Boglipoor  dlsr 
♦riot.    Pop.  4582. 


Dhafar,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  DnoFAit. 

Dhalak,d&M&k'  or  d'h&M&k',  or  Dahalak,  d&Mi&M&k' 
(nnc.  Urine  f),  an  island  in  the  Reil  Sea,  25  miles  E.  of  Mas< 
sowah,  in  Abyssinia,  23  miles  in  length  by  15  in  breadth. 
Its  inhabitants  are  chiefly  employed  in  a  corul-fishery.  Oa 
its  S.  coast  is  the  village  of  Dnalak.  Several  small  islands 
near  it  are  called  the  Dualak  Isla.<«ds. 

Dhalkisor,  a  river  of  India.     See  Dalkibsork. 

Dbanigaon,  a  town  of  India.     See  Dhunoauh. 

Dhaniic,  d&'mco',  one  of  the  Sikh  states  of  Northwe.tt- 
ern  India,  S.  of  the  Sutloj,  protected  by  the  British.  Area, 
20  sauare  miles.     Pop.  5500. 

Dnamouee,  d&'m(>-nce',  orDhamani,  dVmVnco', a 
fortified  town  of  India,  dominions  and  150  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Gwalior. 

Dliampoor,  a  town  of  India.    See  Dampoor. 

Dhumrai,  d&m-ri',  a  town  of  the  Dacca  district,  Ben 
gal,  on  the  Bunseo  River,  in  lut.  23°  54'  65'  N.,  Ion.  90°  14' 
55"  E.     Pop.  5130. 

Dbanitari,  a  town  of  India.    See  Dhuutery. 

Dhauikhoia,  dj!l-no-ko'l&,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  My- 
munsingh,  on  the  river  Satua,  in  lat.  24°  39'  N.,  Ion.  90° 
24'  E.     Pop.  6730. 

D'llanis,  d&'nis,  a  post-office  of  Medina  co.,  Tex. 

Dhapa,  a  town  of  Thibet.    See  Deba. 

Dhar,  dar,  a  native  state  of  India,  in  Malwah,  governed 
by  a  rajah,  under  British  supervision.  Area,  25U0  squara. 
miles.     Capital,  Dhar.     Pop.  160,000. 

Dhar,  or  Dharanuggur,  dar'a-nfig'gur,  a  town  of 
India,  capital  of  the  Dhar  state,  100  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Ba- 
roda.  Outside  the  walls  is  a  stone  fortress  containing  the 
rajah's  palace.     Estimated  pop.  80,000. 

Dharanipur,  a  stale  uf  India.     See  DnuRRUUPOOR. 

Dharanipur  Katti,  dA,-r&m-poor'  r&t'tcc,  a  town  of 
Bengal,  Boglipoor  district.     Pop.  3072. 

Dbarmandal,  dar-min-d&l',  a  town  of  Bengal,  in 
Tiperah,  lat.  24°  12'  25"  N.,  Ion.  91°  12'  15"  E.    Pop.  3180. 

Dharwar,  a  town  of  India.     See  Darwar. 

Dhawalaghiri,  d^-w&ra-ghSr'rec,  a  lofty  peak  of  th^ 
Himalaya  Mountains,  in  Northern  India,  formerly  sup 
posed  to  be  the  culminating  point  of  the  earth's  surface,  bor 
tween  Nepaul  and  Thibet,  in  lat.  29°  N.,  Ion.  82°  50'  E. 
Estimated  height,  28,000  feet.     Sec  IIiualaya  Mountains. 

Dhcukanal,  den-k&-nil',  a  native  state  of  India,  the 
most  prosperous  of  the  Cuttack  Meh.als.  Lat.  20°  3r-21° 
12'  N. ;  Ion.  86°  3'-8G°  6'  E.  Area,  1463  square  miles.  It 
is  governed  by  a  maharajah,  and  is  generally  well  culti- 
vated and  fertile.  Pop.  178,072.  Dheukanal,  the  capital, 
lat.  20°  39'  46"  N.,  Ion.  85°  38'  16"  E.,  has  a  pop.  of  4500. 

Dhlauha-Trcbowa,  Bohemia.     See  Langetrikue. 

Dhofar,  or  Dofar,  do'faR',  written  also  Dhafar,  for- 
merly' a  celebrated  city  of  Yemen,  said  by  Arab  writers  to 
have  been  the  residence  of  most  of  the  kings  of  that  country. 
This  was  probably  the  Sapphara  metropolis  of  Ptolemy,  and 
the  Saphar-Jteijia  of  Pliny. 

Dholka,  dol'ki  or  d'hol'ki,  a  town  of  India,  district 
and  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ahmedabad.     Pop.  20,864. 

Dholicra,  dol'le-r&,  a  town  of  India,  district  and  70 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Ahmedabad,  to  which  a  railway  extends. 
It  is  near  the  Gulf  of  Cambay,  and  is  a  port  for  shipment 
of  cotton.     Pop.  12,468. 

Dholpoor,  Dhoipur,  d&I-poor',  or  Dolporc,  d5I- 
pOr',  a  native  state  of  Rajpootana,  India,  governed  by  a 
runa  under  British  superintendence.  Are.a,  1C66  squ.-vre 
miles.  Lat.  26°  30'-26°  57'  N.;  Ion.  77°  32'-7S°  20'  E. 
It  is  a  fertile  region.     Capital,  Dholpoor.     Pop.  600,000. 

Dholpoor,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the  above,  34 
miles  S.  of  Agra. 

Dhoolia,orDhulia,  doo'lec-a,  atown  of  the  Candeish 
district,  India,  181  miles  N.E.  of  Bombay.     Pop.  11,333. 

Dhoorcatee,  doou'ki'teo^  or  d"hoor'ki-tee',  written 
also  Dargoti,  a  small  Sikh  state  in  Northwestern  India, 
protected  by  the  British.  Area,  8  square  miles.  Pop.  700. 
It  contains  Mount  Toongroo,  10,102  feet  high.  Lat.  31°  8' 
N.;  Ion.  77°  40'  E. 

Dhubboree',  or  Dhub^ooec',  written  also  Dhab* 
hai,  dub4ii-ee',  a  decayed  town  of  India,  15  miles  S.E. 
of  Baroda,  famous  for  its  ruined  temples  of  stone. 

Dhumtery,  or  Dhamtari,  dum'ty-rce',  a  town  of 
India,  Central  Provinces,  166  miles  E.S.E.  of  Nagpoor. 
Pop.  4632. 

Dhundoo'kar,  written  also  Dhund.ooka  and 
I^handuka,  dun-doo'kQ,  a  town  of  India,  district  and  62 
miles  S.W.  of  Ahmedabatl.     Pop.  0782. 

Dhun^gaum',  or  Dhawgaon,  dhum^g&'^n,  a  town 
of  India,  Bombay  presidcntfy.  Lat.  22°  10'  N.;  Ion,  76°  5'  E. 
Pop.  11,274. 


DIIU 


1035 


DIG 


DhnnoAvrah,  dQ-nSw'ri,  a  town  of  India,  Rohilcund 
division.     Pop.  5382. 

Dhurbungah,  a  town  of  India.    See  Durbungah. 

Dhurrumpoor,  or  Dharampur,  dhfirViim-pfwr',  a 
native  Rajpoot  state  of  India,  in  Guzerat,Jying  S.  of  Bansda 
and  E.  of  Surat.     Area,  225  square  miles.     Pop.  74,592.  - 

Dhurrumpooreej  durViim-poo'ree,  a  decayed  town 
of  India,  in  Gwalior,  on  the  Nerbuddah,  in  lat.  22°  10'  N., 
Ion.  75°  26'  E. 

Diablerets,  d^'8.bM?h-ri',  a  remarkable  mountain  of 
Switzerland,  in  the  Bernese  Alps,  between  the  cantons  of 
Bern  and  Valais.     Height,  10,190  feet. 

Diablo,  Mount.    See  Mount  Diablo. 

Diadin,  dee-iMeen',  a  town  of  Turkish  Armenia,  25 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Bayazced,  on  the  Moorad-Chai. 

Diakover,  Hungary.    See  Deakovar. 

Diala,  dee-i'l4,  or  Diyalah,  dce'yd'lA,  a  river  of 
Asia,  an  affluent  of  the  Tigris,  formed  by  the  junction  of 
the  Shirvan,  Ilolwan,  and  other  intermediate  streams,  all 
flowing  from  the  mountains  of  Kermanshah.  It  is  sup- 
posed to  coincide  with  the  ancient  Gj/ndea. 

Dialigu^ly,  dee-4Mee-gi'lee,  a  village  of  Western 
Africa,  in  the  Bondoo  country,  on  the  Falem6,  in  lat.  14° 
3ti'  N.,  Ion.  12°  10'  W. 

Di'alton,  post-hamlet,  Clark  co.,  0.,  24  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Dayton.     It  has  a  carriage-shop  and  tile-works.     Pop.  61. 

Diamant,  dee'3,*m6Na',  a  town  of  the  French  island  of 
Martinique,  in  the  Antilles,  on  the  S.  coast,  8  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Fort-de-France,  near  the  Morne  de  Diamant,  a  volcanic 
mountain  1568  feet  in  elevation.     Pop.  1457. 

Diamante,  de-S.-m4n't4,  a  coast-town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  30  miles  N.AV.  of  Cosenza.     Pop.  1839. 

Diamante,  de-i-mdn'ti,  Neuque,  nfi'oo-ki,  or  Neu- 
guen,  nfi'oo-ghfin',  a  largo  river  of  the  Argentine  Repub- 
lic, an  affluent  of  the  Rio  Negro,  having  its  sources  on  the 
E.  slopes  of  the  Andes.  Lat.  36°  16' S.;  Ion.  70°  \V,  Length, 
about  170  miles. 

Diamantina,  de-i-m&n-tee'n&,  formerly  Tejuco,  ik- 
choo'ko,  a  city  of  Brazil,  province  of  Minas-Geraes,  in  the 
diamond  district,  situated  in  a  valley  surrounded  by  high 
mountains,  220  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ouro  Preto,  5700  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea.  It  is  built  in  the  form  of  an  amphi- 
theatre.    The  streets  are  wide  and  paved.     Pop.  1(1,000. 

Diamantino,  de-i-m3,n-tee'no,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state 
of  Matto-Grosso,  at  the  confluence  of  the  rivers  Ouro  and 
Diamantino,  70  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cuyabd.  Pop.  4500. 
The  Rio  Diamantino  ("  Diamond  River"),  so-called  from 
the  valuable  diamonds  found  in  its  basin,  was  discovered  in 
1728.  The  government  closed  the  district,  in  order  to 
monopolize  the  gold  and  diamonds,  which  led  to  an  exten- 
sive emigration  in  1749. 

Diamond,  di'm^nd,  a  township  of  Cherokee  co.,  Iowa, 
Pop.  742. 

Diamond,  a  post-ham  tot  of  Plaquemines  parish,  La., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  45  miles  below  New  Orleans.  It 
has  a  church. 

Diamond,  a  post-village  of  Portage  co.,  Ohio,  13  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Alliance,  and  12  miles  (direct)  E.S.B.  of  Ra- 
Tenna.     It  has  a  church  and  public  schools.     Pop.  250. 

Diamond,  a  post-village  of  Venango  co..  Pa.,  7  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Titusville.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam  stave-mill, 
and  general  stores.     Pop.  about  100. 

Diamond,  a  post-village  of  Whitman  oo.,  Washington, 
8  miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Colfax. 

Diamond,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  co.,  Ontario,  11 
miles  N.E.  of  Pakenham.     Pop.  150. 

Diamond  Bluff,  a  post-village  of  Pierce  co..  Wis.,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  in  a  small  township  of  the  same 
name,  11  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Preseott,  and  10  miles  (di- 
rect) S.W.  of  Ellsworth.  It  has  2  churches,  several  stores, 
and  a  stave-factory.     Pop.  of  the  township,  472. 

Diamond  City,  a  post-village  of  Meagher  co.,  Mon- 
tana, about  40  miles  E.  by  N.  from  Helena.  It  has  a  news- 
paper  office.     Gold  is  found  near  this  place. 

Diamond  Creek,  Kansas,  rises  in  Morris  co.,  runs 
BOutli eastward,  and  enters  Cottonwood  Creek  in  Chase  co. 

Diamond  Creek,  a  township  of  Chase  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  603.     It  contains  Elmdalc,  Hymer,  and  Elk. 

Diamond  Cross,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  111. 

Diamond  Harbor,  British  India,  in  Bengal,  is  in  the 
liver  lloogly,  34  miles  below  Calcutta. 

Diamond  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Anson  co.,  N.C. 

Diamond  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Providence  co.,  R.I., 
in  Cumberiand  township,  4  miles  E.  of  Manville  Station. 
It  has  a  granite-quarry.     Pop.  90. 

Diamond  Hill,  a  township  of  Abbeville  co.,  S.C. 
Pop.  1760.    It  contains  Ccntreville. 


Diamond  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Henderson  co.,  Tcnn.,  10 

miles  S.E.  of  Lexington. 

Diamond  Island,  British  Burmah,  is  in  the  estuary 
of  the  Bassein  River,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Cape  Ncgrais. 

Diamond  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lake  co..  111.,  on  a 
fine  lake,  36  miles  N.N.W.  of  Chicago.     It  has  a  church. 

Diamond  Lake,  township,  Dickinson  co.,  Iowa.  P.  69. 

Diamond  Lake,  a  station  in  Cass  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Michigan  Air-Line  Railroad,  2  miles  E.  of  Cassopolis,  on 
a  lake  of  the  same  name. 

Diamond  Peak,  Oregon,  a  peak  of  the  Cascade 
Range,  stands  at  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Lane  co.,  about 
lat.  43°  28'  N.  and  Ion.  121°  65'  W. 

Diamond  Point,  of  Sumatra,  bounds  W.  the  Strait 
of  Malacca.     Lat.  5°  16'  N. ;  Ion.  97°  40'  E. 

Diamond  River,  a  small  stream  of  Coos  co.,  in  the 
N.  part  of  New  Hampshire,  falls  into  Dead  River. 

Diamond  Spring,  a  post-village  of  El  Dorado  co., 
Cal.,  about  4  miles  S.  of  Placerville,  and  about  38  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Sacramento.  It  has  church  organizations,  a 
public  school,  3  wineries,  3  distilleries,  and  a  stone-quarry. 

Diamond  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Morris  co.,  Kan- 
sas, on  Diamond  Creek,  33  miles  W.N.W.  of  Emporia. 

Diamond  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Allegan  co., 
Mich.,  on  Rabbit  River,  14  miles  N.  of  Allegan.  It  has 
a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  shingle-mill.    Pop.  about  200. 

Diamondsville,  Pennsylvania.    See  Dimonvii.le. 

Diamond  Valley,  township,  Morris  co.,  Kan.    P.  156. 

Diamper,  de-4m-paiR',  or  lldiamperur,  oo'de-im- 
p§-roor',  a  town  of  India,  in  Travanoore,  14  miles  E.  of 
Cochin,  in  lat.  9°  56'  N.,  Ion.  76°  29'  E. 

Diana,  di-an'a,  a  post-office  of  Sedgwick  eo.,  Kansas. 

Diana,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y., 
about  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Watertown,  is  drained  by  the  Os- 
wegatchie  River.  Hero  Joseph  Bonaparte  once  resided.  It 
has  manufactures  of  leather,  lumber,  and  iron.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1925. 

Diana  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Buckingham  co.,  Ya. 
It  ha«  a  flour-mill. 

Dianium,  an  ancient  name  of  Denia. 

Dinno,  de-i'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Salerno, 
on  the  Calore,  45  miles  S.E.  of  Salerno.     Pop.  7482. 

Diano  d'Alba,  dc-A,'no  dil'bi  (anc.  IJia'nium  Alben'- 
nhitH  I'oinpfjtnio' mm  f),  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Coni, 
3i  miles  S.  of  Alba.     Pop.  1919. 

Diano-Marino,  de-i'no-mA-ree'no,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Porto  Maurizio,  near  Oneglia.     Pop.  2164. 

Dia'ra  ThinHonga',  a  town  of  Bengal,  Boglipoor  dis  • 
trict.     Pop.  3691. 

Diarbekir,  dee\aR'b9-keeR',  or  Diarbekr,  dee-an'- 
b6kr,  also  called  Kara  Amid,  k&'ri,  d.-mccd',  a  city  of 
Asiatic  Turkey,  capital  of  a  vilayet  of  its  own  name,  is 
situated  near  the  Tigris,  in  lat.  37°  55'  30"  N.,  Ion.  39°  52'  E. 
It  is  enclased  by  a  vast  wall  of  dark  stone,  is  substantially 
built,  and  has  a  citadel,  some  cotton-  and  silk-looms,  and 
manufactures  of  morocco,  pipes,  jewelry,  copper-wares,  <fee. 
It  is  the  see  of  a  Chaldean  patriarch,  and  has  a  large  trade 
by  caravan  and  river.     Pop.  about  45,000. 

Diarbekir,  or  Diarbekr,  a  vilayet  of  Asiatic  Tur- 
key, forming  the  W.  part  of  Turkish  Armenia,  mostly  be- 
tween lat.  37°  and  39°  N.  and  Ion.  38°  and  42°  E.,  having 
N.,  W.,  and  S.  the  Euphrates,  separating  it  from  the  pashalics 
of  Erzroom,  Seevas,  Marash,  and  Damascus,  and  E.  the 
pashalics  of  Van  and  Koordistan.  Its  centre  is  traversed 
by  the  Upper  Tigris.  The  chief  cities  are  Diarbekir,  Oorfa, 
and  Mardecn. 

Di'as  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cape  May  co,,  N.J.,  3i 
miles  AV.  of  Cape  May  Court-House.     It  has  2  churches. 

Dibai,  a  town  of  India.    See  Debaer. 

Dibbah,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  Dgba. 

Dibbie,  a  lake  of  Africa.     See  Debo. 

Dibertsville,  Pennsylvania.    See  Stanton's  Mil.1.. 

Dibio,  an  ancient  name  of  Dijon. 

Dibong,  dee'bong',  or  Dibang,  dee'bing',  a  river  of 
Thibet,  one  of  the  head-.strcams  of  the  Brahmapootra,  joins 
the  Dihong  in  lat.  27°  45'  N.  and  Ion.  95°  10'  E. 

Di^brell',  a  post-office  of  Warren  co.,  Tenn. 

Dice's  Head,  a  point  or  cape  at  the  entrance  of  tas- 
tine  Harbor,  Me.  On  it  is  a  fixed  light,  116  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  sea.     Lat.  44°  21'  N.;  Ion.  68°  45'  30"  W. 

Dickelvenne,  dik'k?l-vinn',  a  village  of  Belgium, 
province  of  East  Flanders,  on  the  Scheldt.     Pop.  1620. 

Dick'ens,  a  county  of  N.W.  Texas,  traversed  by  the  Salt 
Fork  of  Brazos  River.    Area,  900  sq.  miles.   P.  in  1890,  295. 

Dick'erson,  a  ~)st-village  of  Champaign  co.,  HI.,  43 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Alvan,  and  18  miles  (direct)  N.W.  of 
Urbana. 


DIG 


1036 


DIE 


Dtekersoilt  a  pott-hamlet  of  MontgooaorjT  oo.,  Md.,  36 
bIIm  by  mil  N.W.  of  Wiwhinglon,  U.C.     Pop,  75. 

Dick'«y»  a  oounty  io  tbo  8.E.  |>art  of  North  DokoU. 
Ar««,  1 163  aqnar*  milM.  It  i*  intersected  by  the  James  or 
PakoU  River,  and  traverteU  hy  the  Chio«go,  Milwaukee 
A  St.  Paul  and  Great  Northern  lUilronds.  Capital,  Ellon- 
dalt.    Pop.  in  1990,  &57S. 

Dioker'Sf  a  lUtion  on  the  Southern  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  S  miles  by  rail  from  Merocraburg,  Pa. 

Dicker's  Mill*,  a  post-hamlet  of  Edmundson  oo.,  Ey., 
on  Nolln  Creek,  SO  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Louisville.  It  has  a 
ohureh,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Dickey's  INouutain,  a  post-oBico  of  Fulton  oo.,  Pa. 

Dick'e3'8vilie»  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  oo.,  Wis.,  10 
miles  K.  of  Dunleith,  ill.     It  has  2  ohurobes. 

Dick'erviiie,  a  post-offlce  of  Phillips  oo.,  Kansas. 

Dick'inson,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  lowo,  has 
an  area  of  408  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Okoboji 
River,  and  contains  several  lakes,  the  largest  of  which  is 
Spirit  Lake.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level; 
the  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  and  hay  are  the 
staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  two  railroads,  which 
pass  through  Spirit  Lake,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1370,  13S9; 
lu  ISSO,  laOl ;  in  1890,  4328. 

DicJiinson,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Kansas, 
has  an  area  of  about  850  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Kansas  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Chapman's, 
Lyon's,  and  Turkey  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  About  95  per  cent,  of  it  is 
prairie.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  cattle,  and  hay  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Union 
Pacific,  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F£,  and  Chicago,  Rock 
Island  &  Pacific  Railroads.  Capital,  Abilene.  Pop.  in 
1870,  3043;  in  1880,  15,251;  in  1890,  22,273. 

Dickinson^  a  post- township  of  Franklin  co.,  N,Y,, 
about  15  miles  S.W.  of  Malone,  Pop.  1664.  See  Dickin- 
son Ckntbe. 

Dickinson,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Stark  co.,  N.D., 
115  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Bismarck.  It  has  5  churches,  a 
bank,  2  newspaper  oflSces,  a  high  school,  and  brick-works. 
Pop.  in  1890,  897. 

Dickinson,  or  Ccntreville,  a  post-village  of  Cum- 
berland CO.,  Pa.,  I  of  a  mile  from  Ahlston  Station,  and 
about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Carlisle.  It  has  a  coach-factory 
and  a  tannery.     Here  is  Dickinson  Post-OlTioe. 

Dickinson,  a  township  of  Cumberland  co..  Pa.,  about 
25  miles  W.S.W,  of  Harrisburg.     Pop.  1731. 

Dickinson  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co., 
N.y.,  in  Dickinson  township,  on  Deer  River,  48  miles  E.  of 
Ogdensburg.   It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Dickinson  College,  Pennsylvania.    See  Carlisle. 

Dickinson's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Va.,  20 
miles  AV.  of  Whittle's  Railroad  Station. 

Dickinson's  Landing,  a  post-village  in  Stormont 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  left  b.ank  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  at  the 
head  of  the  Cornwall  Canal,  78  miles  S.W.  of  Montreal, 
and  1  mile  from  Wales,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway.  It 
contains  4  churches  and  several  factories  and  mills.  A 
ferry  crosses  the  river  to  Massena,  N.Y.     Pop.  300. 

Dick  Johnson,  a  township  of  Clay  co.,  Ind.    P.  1495. 

Dick's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Macon  co.,  Ala.,  13 
miles  (direct)  S.W.  of  I'uskegeo,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Dick'son,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee,  has  an  area 
of  about  620  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by 
Cumberland  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Harpeth  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating  and  extensively  covered  with 
forests;  the  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  tobacco, 
pork,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  A  St.  Louis  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Charlotte.  Pop.  in  1870,  9340;  in  1880, 
12,460;  in  1890,  1.3,645. 

Dickson,  a  post-village  of  Colbert  oo.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad,  34  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cor- 
inth, and  18  miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Tuscumbia.  It  has 
2  stores,  a  limekiln,  and  a  limestone-quarry. 

Dickson,  a  poet-hamlet  of  Benton  co..  Ark.,  7  miles 
(direct)  W.N.W.  of  Bcntonville.     It  has  2  stores. 

Dickson,  a  township  of  Edwards  co.,  111.,  traversed  by 
the  Little  Wabash  River.     Pop.  739. 

Dickson,  a  township  of  Lewis  co..  Mo.     Pop.  204. 

Dickson,  a  station  in  Perry  co.,  0.,  on  the  railroad 
from  Newark  to  Straitsville,  40  miles  S.E.  of  Newark. 

Dickson,  a  post-oflBce  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C. 

Dickson,  a  post-village  of  Dickson  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Nashville,  Chattanooga  <t  St.  Louis  Railroad,  42  miles  W. 
of  Nashville.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
brooms,  wagons,  <tc.    Pop.  in  1890,  938. 


Dickson  City,  a  post- borough  of  Lackawanna  oo.,  Pa., 
5  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Scrnnton,  and  18  miles  by  rail  S.S.W. 
of  Forest  City.  It  has  5  churches,  a  common  school,  a 
foundry,  and  machine-shops.  Coal  is  mined  here.  Pop, 
in  1890,  3110. 

Dick'sonburg,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co..  Pa., 
about  12  miles  N.W.  of  Mcadville.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist- 
mill, and  about  15  bouses. 

Dick's  River,  Kentucky,  rises  in  Rock  Castle  co.,  runs 
northwestward  through  Lincoln  co.,  and  enters  the  Ken- 
tucky River  about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Nicholosvillo.  It  is 
nearly  70  miles  long. 

Diconinno,  de-ko-mi'no  (anc.  Beeumn'num  f),  a  town 
of  Italy,  18  miles  N.E.  by  E.  of  Florence,  at  the  confluonoo 
of  the  Dicomano  with  the  Sieve.     Pop.  3961. 

Didnm,  do'd&m',  or  Diem,  deem,  a  village  of  the 
Netherlands,  Geldorland,  13  miles  S.  of  Zutphen.     P.  3.359. 

Did'dch,  a  villngo  of  Western  Africa,  Bondoo  country, 
near  the  Falem6  River,  in  lat.  13°  62'  N.,  Ion.  12°  18'  W. 

Di'do,  a  post^ofiSce  of  Choctaw  co..  Miss. 

Dido,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tarrant  co.,  Tex.,  16  miles  N.W 
of  Fort  Worth. 

Didyme,  an  ancient  name  of  the  island  of  Saliva. 

Didymotichos,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Demotica. 

Die,  dee  (anc.  De'n,  or  De'a  Vocontio'rum),  a  walled 
town  of  France,  in  Drome,  on  the  Drfime,  37  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Valence.  Pop.  3427.  It  has  manufactures  of  silks, 
paper,  and  leather. 

Dicburg,  dee'bSoRO\  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Ilessc,  on 
the  Gersprcnz,  9  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Darmstadt.  It 
has  a  castle,  and  oil-,  paper-,  and  grist-mills.     Pop.  3881. 

Dicdcnhofcn,  dce'd?n-ho-f?n  (Fr.  T/tionriV/e,  te'6N«'- 
veel'),  a  strongly  fortified  town  of  German  Lorraine,  on  the 
Moselle,  17  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Metz.  It  has  a  gymnasium, 
and  manufactures  of  iron-ware,  gloves,  and  hosiery.  P.  7Ifi8. 

Diedcren,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Dieues. 

Dicditz,  dco'dits,  or  Diedice,  de-A-dcet'si,  a  town  of 
Moravia,  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  BrUnn.     Pop.  1580. 

Diego,  de-i'go,  or  dce'go,  a  bay  of  Anegada,  one  of  the 
Virgin  Islands,  West  Indies. 

Diego  Alvarez.    See  Qocgh's  Islano. 

Diego  Garcia,  dc-i'go  gan-see'i,  the  most  S.  of  the 
Chagos  Islands,  Indi.an  Ocean,  with  an  excellent  harbor. 

Diego  Ramirez,  dc-i'go  r.l-mee'ris,  an  island  group 
in  the  South  Pacific,  60  miles  S.W.  of  Cape  Uom.  Lat.  56° 
25'  S. ;  Ion.  68°  44'  W. 

Diego  Suariez,  de-i'go  swl-re-Ss',  or  British 
Sound,  a  fine  harbor,  near  the  N.  extremity  of  Mada- 
gascar.    Lat.  (N.  point)  12°  13'  48"  S. ;  Ion.  49°  23'  30"  E. 

Diehlstadt,  deel'stJt,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Mo., 
on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  22 
miles  N.W.  of  Belmont.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Diekirch,  dce'kSSnK,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  prov- 
ince and  18  miles  N.  of  Luxemburg,  on  the  Sure.     P.  3500. 

Diclli,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Timor.     See  Dilli. 

Diclsdorf,  decls'donf,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  8  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Zurich.     Pop.  681. 

Diem,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.     See  DinAir. 

Dicmel,  dce'm<jl,  a  river  of  Prussia,  joins  the  Wcrra 
24  miles  N.  of  Cosscl.     Length,  50  miles. 

Dicmrich,  a  town  of  Transylvania.    See  Deva. 

Dienville,  de-iNo\-eel',  a  town  of  France,  in  Aube,  13 
miles  N.W.  of  Bar-sur-Aube.     Pop.  1168. 

Diepenbek,  dce'p(jn-b4k\  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
Limbourg,  3  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Ilassclt.     Pop.  2S50. 

Diepenheim,  dee'p?n-hlrae\  or  Diepcn,  dee'p?n.  a 
town  of  the  Netherlands,  province  of  Overyssel,  17  miles  E. 
by  S.  of  Deventcr.     Pop.  1389. 

Diepholz,  deep'h6lts\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover, 
60  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Bremen,  on  the  Hunte.    Pop.  24S0. 

Dieppe,  dyjpp  or  dc-ip]>',  a  seaport  town  of  France, 
Seine-Infcrieurc,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Arques,  on  the  Eng- 
lish Channel,  and  33  miles  N.  of  Rouen.  Lat.  of  light- 
house, 49°  55'  7"  N.;  Ion.  1°  5'  2"  E.  Two  lines  of  rail- 
way connect  it  with  Paris.  It  is  divided  into  the  town 
proper  and  the  suburb  Le  Pollet,  which  communicate  by  a 
flying  bridge,  both  being  well  furnished  with  water  from  an, 
aqueduct.  There  is  also  a  well-built  southwestern  suburb, 
called  La  Barre.  The  principal  edifices  are  an  old  Ciiftle 
on  a  cliff  W.  of  the  town,  2  churches,  the  town  hall,  hospi- 
tal, college,  theatre,  public  librarj',  baths,  and  a  school  of 
navigation.  The  port,  enclosed  by  2  jetties  and  bordered 
by  quays,  was  small  and  inconvenient,  but  has  been  much 
enlarged  and  improved,  so  that  it  is  now  the  best  on  the 
Channel.  It  has  several  spacious  wet-docks.  Dieppe  has  an 
active  general  trade,  ship-building  docks,  manufactures  of 
ivory-wares,  watches,  lace,  ic,  and  is  a  packet-statibQt 


DIE 


1037 


DIL 


sommunicating  by  steamboats  with  Newhaven  and  Grimsby. 
Dicnue  is  a  watering-place  much  frequented  by  visitors  in 
summer,  but  still  more  towards  autumn.  It  was  once  the 
principal  port  of  France,  and  its  inhabitants  were  dis- 
tinguished for  their  enterprise.     Pop.  19,471. 

Dieppe,  river,  Netherlands.     See  Holland.s-Diep. 

Dierdorf,  deer'donf,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  14 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Coblentz.     Pop.  1343. 

Dieren,  dee'r^n,  properly  Diederen,  dce'd^r-en,  a 
village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Gelderland,  in  the  Veluwe, 
9  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Arphem. 

Diersburg,  deers'booRO,  a  village  of  Caden,  near  Of- 
fenburg,  on  a  mountain-slope.     Pop.  10S6. 

Dies,  or  Diese,  a  river  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Dieze. 

Dicssen,  does's^n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Ammer, 
13  miles  S.E.  of  Landsberg.     Pop.  1176. 

Diesseii,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North  Bra- 
bant, 15  miles  S.W.  of  Bois-le-Duc.     Pop.  956. 

Diessenhofen,  dees's^n-ho^f^n,  a  town  of  Switzerland, 
canton  of  Thurgau,  on  the  Rhine,  5i  miles  E.  of  Schaff- 
hausen.     Pop.  1443. 

Diest,  deest,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  South  Brabant,  on 
the  Demer,  and  on  a  railway,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Louvain.  It 
has  manufactures  of  woollens,  hosiery,  beer,  Ac.    Pop.  7561. 

Dietenheim,  dee't?n-hime\  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg, 
on  the  Iller,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Biberaoh.     Pop.  1144. 

Dietfurt,  deet'foSnt,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  at  the  mouth 
i£  the  Altmiihl,  23  miles  W.  of  Ratisbon.     Pop.  1115. 

Dietigheim,  dee'tiG-hime\  or  Dittigheim,  dit'tio- 
hime\  a  village  of  Baden,  on  the  Tauber,  1  mil©  S.  of 
Bischofsheim-am-Tauber.     Pop.  862. 

Dietikon,  dee'te-kon,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  8  miles  by  rail  W.N.AV.  of  Zurich.     Pop.  1639, 

Dietlingen,  deet'ling-^n,  a  village  of  Baden,  12  miles 
S.E.  of  Carlsruhe.     Pop.  1720. 

Dietwyl,  a  village  of  Switzerland.    See  Ditwyl. 

Dietz,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Diez. 

Dietzenbach,  deet's^n-bik^  a  village  of  Hesse,  prov- 
ince of  Starkenburg,  7  miles  E.  of  Frankfort-on-the-Main. 
Pop.  1456. 

Dieu,  an  island  of  France.    See  Isle-Diett. 

Dieu-le-Fit,  do-uh'-l§h-fce,  a  town  of  France,  in 
Dr6me,  17  miles  E.  of  Montdlimart.  It  has  manufactures 
of  woollen  cloths,  earthenwares,  and  glass.  Pop.  3072.  In 
the  town  are  twe  acidulated  springs,  and  2  miles  N.E.  is  a 
curious  stalactitic  cave. 

Dieulouard,  de-uh'loo-an',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Meurthe-et-Moselle,  10  miles  hj  rail  N.W.  of  Nancy. 
Pop.  1414. 

Dieuze,  de^nz'  (ane.  De'cem  Pa'gt),  a  town  of  Ger- 
many, in  Lorraine,  on  a  railway,  9  miles  E.  of  Salzburg.  It 
is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  a  large  church,  hospitals,  and 
manufactures  of  linen  cloth,  hosiery,  hats,  and  soda.  A 
mine  in  the  vicinity  yields  rock  salt.     Pop.  2659. 

Die  Wiiste,  a  German  name  for  the  Sahara. 

Diez,  or  Dietz,  deets,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse- 
Nassau,  at  a  railway  junction,  on  the  Aar,  at  its  mouth  in 
the  Lahn,  10  miles  N.  of  Nassau.  It  consists  of  an  old  and 
a  new  town,  and  has  a  castle,  used  as  a  house  of  correction, 
2  churches,  and  a  school  of  horticulture.     Pop.  416. 

Dieze,  Diese,  dee'z^h,  or  Dies,  dees,  a  river  of  the 
Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant,  formed  by  the  junction  of 
the  Aa  and  the  Dommel,  falls  into  the  Meuse. 

Difficult,  or  Dificult,  a  post-office  of  Smith  co.,  Tenn. 

Diffnane  (difif'nin')  Island,  in  the  Red  Sea,  one  of 
the  Dhalak  group,  8i  miles  from  the  nearest  shore. 

Dig'by,  a  county  in  the  W.S.W.  extremity  of  Nova 
Scotia,  bordering  on  the  Atlantic.  Brier  Island  and  a 
headland  called  Digby  Neck  enclose  St.  Mary's  Bay  on  the 
N.W.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  mountains,  va'leys, 
and  lakes,  the  last  of  which  give  rise  to  several  rivers. 
Copper  and  silver  ores  are  found  in  the  county.  The  under- 
lying rock  consists  of  sandstones  of  the  coal  measures. 
Area,  1022  square  miles.     Capital,  Digby.     Pop.  19,896. 

Digby,  a  port  of  entry  of  Nova  Scotia,  the  capital  of 
Digby  CO.,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Digby  Neck,  140  miles  W,  of 
Halifax,  and  45  miles  S.E.  of  St.  John,  New  Brunswick. 
This  is  one  of  the  principal  seats  of  the  fisheries,  and  the 
herrings  of  Digby  have  attained  a  wide  celebrity.  Ship- 
building is  also  largely  carried  on.     Pop.  1951. 

Digentia,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Licenza. 

Digges  (digz)  Islands,  Arctic  Ocean,  on  the  S.W. 
side  of  Hudson's  Strait.     Lat.  62°  37'  N.;  Ion.  74°  18'  W. 

Dighton,  di't^n,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lane  co., 
Kansas,  24  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Scott,  and  31  miles  AV.  of 
Ness  City.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices, 
common  schools,  and  general  stores.     Pop.  304. 


Dighton,  a  post-village  of  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  6  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Taunton,  and  42  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Boston. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  wool-scouring  mill,  color-works,  stove- 
lining  works,  and  manufactures  of  pumps.  Pop.  of  Digh- 
ton township,  1889. 

Dighwara,  de-gw&'r§.,  a  town  of  the  Sarun  district, 
Bengal.     Pop.  3878. 

Dignano,  deen-yi'no,  a  town  of  Austria-Hungary,  in 
Istria,  48  miles  S.S.E.  of  Triest.  It  has  a  cathedral  and  2 
monasteries.     Pop.  4731. 

Digne,  deeii  (anc.  Di'nia),  a  walled  town  of  France, 
capital  of  the  department  of  Basses-Alpes,  on  a  hill-side 
near  the  Bleonne,  55  miles  N.E.  of  Aix.  It  has  a  cathe- 
dral, a  bishop's  palace,  courts  of  assize  and  commerce,  a 
public  library,  tanneries,  and  trade  in  prunes,  almonds, 
corn,  hemp,  and  cattle.     Pop.  5540. 

Digoa,  a  town  of  Borneo.    See  Deegoa. 

Digoin,  dee^gwiN"' (anc.  Denejroji'tium /),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Saone-et-Loire,  on  the  Loire,  14  miles  W.  of 
Charolles.  It  has  manufactures  of  earthenware  and  trade 
in  salt.     Pop.  2712. 

Digue,  or  l.a  Digue,  13.  deeg,  an  island  of  the  Sey- 
chelles Archipelago.     Lat.  4°  21'  12"  S. ;  Ion.  55°  55'  15"  E. 

Dihong,  dee^hong',  or  Dihang,  dee^hilng',  the  great 
western  stream  forming  with  the  Dibong  the  Brahmapootra 
River,  in  India.  It  breaks  through  the  Himalayas  near 
lat.  28°  15'  N.,  Ion.  95°  10'  E.,  and  is  supposed  to  be  iden- 
tical with  the  San-poo,  in  Thibet.    See  Brahmapootra. 

Dijon,  dee^zh6N»'  (anc.  Dih'io  or  Div'io),  a  city  of 
France,  capital  of  the  department  of  C6te-d'0r,  at  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Ouche  and  Suzon,  on  the  Canal  of  Burgundy, 
and  at  the  junction  of  several  railways,  197  miles  S.E.  of 
Paris.  It  is  enclosed  by  ramparts,  and  has  many  fine  public 
walks  and  beautiful  environs.  The  chief  public  buildings 
are  a  palace  of  the  princes  of  Cond6,  a  castle  built  by  Louis 
XI.  and  Louis  XII.  and  serving  for  barracks,  the  town  hall, 
prefecture,  a  large  old  court-house,  a  theatre,  hospitals, 
prisons,  an  orphan  asylum,  and  a  lunatic  asylum.  It  has  2 
public  libraries,  one  containing  70,000  volumes,  a  cabinet 
of  natural  history,  courts  of  assize  and  of  commerce,  an 
academic  universitairc,  8  colleges,  schools  of  medicine  and 
the  fine  arts,  and  a  botanic  garden.  It  has  manufactures  of 
linen,  cotton,  and  woollen  fabrics,  hats,  earthenware,  soap, 
beer,  lace,  type,  hardware,  chemicals,  condiments,  chandlery, 
and  leather;  but  its  chief  dependence  is  on  its  wine-trade, 
it  being  the  principal  depot  and  market  for  the  sale  of  Bur- 
gundy wines.  Dijon  is  a  very  ancient  city,  and  is  believed 
to  be  of  Roman  foundation.  The  annals  of  the  Middle  Ages 
give  constant  evidence  of  its  importance  as  the  capital  of 
Burgundy.     Pop.  in  1886,  60,855 ;  in  1891,  65,428. 

Dijonnois,  or  Dijonnais,  dee^zhon^n^',  an  old  di- 
vision of  France,  in  Burgundy.  Its  capital  was  Dijon.  It 
is  now  comprised  in  the  department  of  C6te-d'0r. 

Dil'day's,  a  post-office  of  Stewart  co.,  Tenn. 

Dil'do  Cove,  a  fishing  hamlet  of  Trinity  Bay,  New- 
foundland, 35  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Heart's  Content.     Pop.  188. 

Dil'igent  Strait,  a  channel  or  passage  in  the  Bay  of 
Bengal,  between  the  S.E.  coast  of  the  Middle  Andaman  and 
some  contiguous  islands,  and  a  group  or  chain  of  larger 
islands,  extending  from  lat.  11°  48'  to  12°  20'  N.  It  is 
from  6  to  9  miles  wide,  except  towards  the  middle,  where 
it  is  only  2  or  3  miles  in  width. 

Dilk's,  a  station  in  Butler  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Western 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Butler. 

Dillenburg,  dil'l§n-b6SnG\  a  town  of  Prussia,  40  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Nassau,  on  the  Dille.  It  has  an  ancient 
ruined  castle,  a  college,  a  hospital,  nn  orphan  asylum,  and 
manufactures  of  woollen  fabrics.  In  its  vicinity  are  cop- 
per-mines and  potash-  and  lime-works.     Pop.  3628. 

Dil'ler,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Neb.,  9  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Endicott.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  2  grain-elevators.     Pop.  126. 

Dil'lerville,  a  station  in  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  and  on  the  Reading  &  Columbia 
Railroad,  1  mile  N.W.  of  Lancaster. 

Dille's  (diri§z)  Bot'tom,  a  post-village  of  Belmont 
CO.,  0.,  in  Mead  township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  2  miles  from 
Moundsville,  W.  Va.    Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  about  250. 

Dil'ley,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Oregon  Central  Railroad,  28  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Portland. 

Dilli,dil'leo,Delly,  ddl'lee,  or  Dielli,  de-dl'le,  a  town 
of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  capital  of  the  island  of  Timor, 
on  its  N.W.  coast,  in  the  Portuguese  possessions. 

Dillingen,  diriing-?n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Danube,  30  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Augsburg. 
It  is  enclosed  by  ancient  walls,  and  has  a  palace,  an  orph.an 
asylum,  2  priests'  seminaries,  a  deaf-mute  school,  barrack^. 


OIL 


1038 


DIN 


gyntatidam.  Mid  rapwior  Mhoola,  boat-buUding  dooki,  and 
aMniifacturM  of  ouUarjr.    Pop.  &029. 

DilliBf  eB(  ft  vill>(«  of  UbeoUh  PruMia,  28  milas  S. 
of  TrarM.  Pop.  3717.  It  hM  p»per-iniJU  »nd  copper-  and 
iron-foundrio*. 

Dil'liBgercvillet  a  pott-haml«t  of  Lohigb  oo.,  Pa.,  I 
mile  from  tbe  Perkiuuion  lUilroad,  and  12  milos  S.  of 
AllcatowB. 

Diiraiaa*s»  »  ttntion  in  Milwaukee  oo.,  Wifi.,  on  tho 
Milwaultee,  Lake  Sbore  A.  We«torn  Kailroad,  6  niiloa  N.  of 
Milwaukee. 

DillMv  or  Dilnt  a  town  of  Hungary.    Soe  DUli.k. 

Dil'ioa*  a  poat-offioe  of  Dude  oo.,  Ua.,  6  miles  (direot) 
8.  of  Trenton. 

Dillon,  a  post-towoahip  of  Tasewell  co.,  HI.,  16  miles 
8.  of  Peoria.     It  i>a«  a  cburcii.     Pop.  957. 

Diilon«  a  poat-vilhiKe  of  Marshall  co.,  Iowa,  7  miles 
hy  rail  8.E.  of  Marsballtown.     It  has  a  gruin-elevator. 

DilloDt  a  poat-bamlotof  Dickinson  oo.,  Kansas,  about 
17  miles  S.  of  Abilene.     It  has  a  church. 

Dillon,  a  city,  capital  of  Beaver  Head  co.,  Montana, 
t9  miles  by  rail  S.  of  liutte  City.  It  has  6  churches,  2 
banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  public  schools,  and  manufactures 
of  beer,  hardware,  furniture,  ic.     Pop.  1012. 

Dillon,  or  Huntington  Mines,  a  post-village  in 
BroDie  CO..  Quebec,  13  miles  S.D.  of  Waterloo.  It  has 
eopper-mincs.     Pop.  400. 

Dillon's  Falls,  a  station  in  Muskingum  co.,  0.,  on 
tbe  Pultimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Zanesville. 

Dillon's  Mills,  a  poat-offico  of  Franklin  oo.,  Va. 

Dillon's  Run,  a  post-oflice  of  Hampshire  co.,  W.  Ya. 

Dills'borough,  a  post-vilingo  of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind., 
Ij  miles  from  the  Ohio  k  Mississippi  Railroad,  and  9  or  10 
miles  \y.  of  Aurora.  It  has  several  churches  and  a  furni- 
ture-factory. Dillsl>orough  Station  is  33  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Cincinnati. 

Dills'bnrg,  a  post-borough  of  York  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Dillsburg  Branch  Railroad,  which  connects  with  tho  Cum- 
berland V'uUey  Railroad,  15milcsS.W.  of  Ilarrisburg.  It  has 
Mvcral  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  465. 

Dilly  Mount,  India.    See  Drlly  Mount. 

Dilman,  dccPmAn',  a  town  of  Persia,  in  Azerbaijan,  50 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Ooroomceyah,  there  being  an  old  town 
(if  the  same  name,  now  almost  in  ruins,  about  4  miles  W. 
of  it.     It  is  surrounded  by  gardens.     Pop.  about  15,000. 

Diln,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  DUlln. 

Dil'worthtOAvn,  a  post-hamlct  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  in 
Birmingham  township,  H  miles  from  Pocopson  Railroad 
Station.     It  has  2  Friends'  meetings. 

Dima,  dco'ml,  a  town  of  Abyssinia,  in  Amhara,  near 
lat.  10°  30'  N.,  Ion.  38°  5'  E.  It  is  divided  into  many 
quarters  by  stone  walls ;  the  bouses  ore  mostly  of  stone,  and 
it^  church  is  one  of  the  largest  in  tho  country. 

Dimitrovsk,  or  Dimitrowsk.    Sec  Dmithovsk. 

Dimitzana,  dce-meet-si'ni,  a  town  of  Greece,  on  an 
affluent  of  the  Rouphia,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Tripolitza. 

Diin'mick,  a  post-township  of  La  Salle  co..  III.  Dim- 
mick  Station  is  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  7  miles  S. 
of  Mendutii,  and  8  miles  N.  of  La  Salle.     Pop.  851. 

Dim'mit,  a  southwestern  county  of  Texas.  Area,  1100 
•quare  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Nueces  River.  The 
soil  is  mostly  uncultivated,  but  produces  pasture  for  cattle, 
the  staple  product.  Pop.  in  1870,  109;  in  1880,  665;  in 
1890,  1049. 

Dimms'ville,  a  post-village  of  Juniata  oo..  Pa.,  14 
miles  (direct)  E.  by  N.  of  Mifflintown. 

Dim'ock,  a  post-village  of  Susquehanna  oo.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Montrose  Railroad,  18  miles  N.  of  Tunkhannock.  It 
bas  3  churches,  an  academy,  4  stores,  nnd  a  carriage-shop. 

Di'mondaie,  a  post-village  of  Eaton  co.,  Mich.,  in 
'Windsor  township,  on  the  Grand  River,  and  on  the  Lansing 
division  of  the  Lake  Shore  i  Michigan  Southern  Railroad, 
8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lansing.  It  has  4  churches,  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  union  school,  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  320. 

Di'monvillc,  or  Diamondsvillc,  di'mondz-vTl,  a 
hamlet  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa.,  in  Cherry  Hill  township,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Indiana.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and 
a  foundry.     Here  is  Mitchell's  Mills  Post-Office. 

Dims'dnic,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co..  N.C. 

Dinaburg,  a  town  of  Russia.     Sec  Dii.NABURO. 

Dinagcpoor,  or  Dina^jpur,  doe-nij-poor',  a  town  of 
Bengal,  capital  of  the  district  of  Dinagepoor.  Lat.  25°  33' 
N. :  Ion.  88°  40'  E.     Pop.  13,042. 

Dinagepoor,  or  Din(\jpur,  a  district  of  Bengal. 
Lat.  24°  44'-26°  23'  X.;  Ion.  88°  4'-89°  21'  E.  Area,  4126 
square  miles.  It  is  generally  flat  and  arable.  Capital, 
Din.agepoor.     Pop.  1,501,924. 


Dinamarca,  or  Dinamarqnes.    See  DKyuAnx. 

Dinan,  dco'n6.v»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Cotos-du-Nord, 
on  tho  Ranoo,  14  milos  S.  of  Saint-Malo.  It  is  enclosed  by  « 
wall,  defended  by  a  lino  oUl  castle.  The  principal  odiliuoi 
are  2  Gothic  churches,  a  clock-tower,  town  hall,  comuiurciul 
college,  hospital,  public  library,  concert-hall,  Jlo.  It  biu 
manufactures  of  sail-cloth,  linen  and  cotton  fabrics,  cut- 
lory,  ]>ottory,  beet  sugar,  and  leather,  salt-reflneries,  and  » 
brisk  trade  in  butter,  hem)),  linen,  thread,  itc,  carried  on 
by  the  river,  which  is  navigable  up  to  tho  town.     P.  7978. 

Dinnnt,  do-n&nt'  or  dco'nftN"'  (L.  Dinau'iimn),  a  town 
of  Belgium,  province  and  15  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Namur,  on 
tho  declivity  of  a  rocky  and  oastlo-orowned  height,  near 
the  Meuse.  It  has  a  Gothic  cathedral,  2  hospitals,  a  I>atin 
school,  nnd  manufactures  of  hardwares,  woollen  fabrics, 
paper,  and  leather.  Tho  existence  of  Dinunt  dates  from 
the  si.\th  century.  As  early  as  the  twelfth  century  it  was 
strongly  fortified  and  deemed  impregnable.  In  1466  Philip 
the  Good,  Duke  of  Burgundy,  with  50,OUO  men  and  a  formi 
dable  artillery,  took  it  by  assault,  razed  it  to  the  ground, 
and,  taking  800  of  the  inhiibitants,  tied  them  by  twos,  back 
and  back,  and  threw  them  into  the  Meuse.     Pop.  6428. 

Dinapoor,  or  Dinapur,deo'n^-]K)or',  a  town  of  Ben- 
gal, on  tbe  Ganges,  district  and  5  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Putna, 
with  which  city  it  is  in  fact  continuous,  the  whole  forming 
one  town,  15  miles  long.  Dinapoor  is  generally  ill  built 
nnd  very  irregular.  It  consists  of  two  parts, — Dinapoor 
Cantonments  (pop.  14,170)  and  Dinapoor  Nizamat.  Total 
pop.  42,084  (exclusive  of  Khnc-aul,  a  southern  suburb  with 
the  railway  station,  pop.  5257). 

Dinaric  (dc-nir'ik)  Alps  (L.  Al'pe$  Dinar'icm)  con- 
sist of  that  portion  of  the  Alpine  system  which  connects  the 
Julian  Alps  with  the  mountains  of  Albania  and  Greece,  nnd 
cover  South  Croatia,  Dalmntia,  and  Herzegovina  with  their 
ramifications,  separating  the  basin  of  the  Save  from  the 
region  watered  by  the  Kerka,  the  Narcnta,  and  other  rivers 
flowing  to  the  Adriatic  Sea.  They  seldom  rise  to  more 
than  7000  feet  in  height,  and  are  chiefly  calcareous. 

Din'as-Mowddu,  mow'Tnec,  a  decayed  town  of  Wales, 
CO.  of  Merioneth,  on  the  Dovy,  12  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of 
Machynlleth.  It  is  picturesquely  situated  on  tho  side  of  a 
precipitous  mountain,  and,  though  but  a  small  village,  has 
the  local  designation  of  a  "  city." 

Din^digul',  a  town  of  India,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Madura, 
with  a  fort  on  a  high  granite  rock.     Pop.  6550. 

Din^ding'  Isles,  a  group  off  tho  W.  coast  of  the  Malay 
Peninsula,  70  miles  S.S.E.  of  Penang.  Lat.  4°  20'  N. ;  Ion. 
100°  32'  E.  PooLO  DiJ(Di.'<G  is  a  beautiful  granitic  island, 
250  feet  high,  and  covered  with  thick  woods. 

Din'evawr'  Castle,  a  ruined  fortress  of  South  Wales, 
CO.  of  Carmarthen,  anciently  a  sent  of  the  Cambrian  princes. 

Ding6,  dilNa^zh^',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ille-et-Yilaino, 
17  miles  N.  of  Rennes.     Pop.  382. 

Dingelstddt,  ding'?l-8tdtt\  a  town  of  Prussian  Sax 
ony,  on  the  Unstrut,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Miihlhausen. 
Pop.  3192. 

Din'gic,  a  se-aport  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kerry,  on 
Dingle  Bay,  8  miles  E.  of  Dunmore  Head.     Pop.  2117. 

Dingle,  a  town  of  Ontario.     See  Brussels. 

Ding'man,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  Pa.,  extends  S.E. 
to  tho  Delaware  River.     Pop.  619. 

Ding'mansburg,  a  village  of  Shelby  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Miami  River,  opposite  Sidney.  Here  are  the  Sidney  Water- 
Works  and  n  flour-mill.     Pop.  150. 

Ding'man's  Fer'ry,  a  summer  resort  of  Pike  co., 
Pii.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  about  15  miles  below  Port 
Jervis,  N.Y.     It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  &e. 

Dingolfing,  ding'ol-fing\  a  town  of  Bavaria,  near  the 
Isar,  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Landau.     Pop.  2704. 

Ding'wall,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  capital  of  the  co.  of 
Ross,  at  the  head  of  Cromarty  Finth,  and  at  a  railway  junc- 
tion, 11  miles  N.W.  of  Inverness.  It  joins  with  Tain,  Dor- 
nocli,  Cromarty,  Wick,  and  Kirkwall  in  sending  one  member 
to  Parliament.     Pop.  2125. 

Diuia,  the  ancient  name  of  Dione. 

Dinkelsbiihl,  dink'^ls-biir,  a  fortified  town  of  Ba- 
varia, in  Middle  Franoonia,  on  the  Wernitz,  40  miles  by  rail 
N.W.  of  Donauwiirth.  It  was  formerly  a  free  town  of  the 
empire,  and  has  manufactures  of  cloths,  camlets,  leather, 
beer,  paper,  stockings,  and  gloves,  and  a  brisk  trade  in  corn. 
Pop.  5113. 

Dinkira,  a  town  of  Africa.    Soe  Dankara. 

Diukiage,  ding'kli'gh^h,  a  village  of  Germany,  in 
Oldenburg,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Vechta.     Pop.  1146. 

Dins'dalc,  a  watering-place  of  England,  co.  of  Dur- 
ham, on  the  Tees,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Darlington.  It  has  ft 
medicinal  spring,  with  baths  and  hotels.    Pop.  of  parish,  24<l 


■Dm 


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Diiislaken^  dins'Iil^k^n,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  24 
miles  from  Dusseldorf.     Pop.  2153. 

DinsmorC)  dinz'mar,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  0. 
^op.  1700.  It  contains  the  villages  of  Botkins,  or  Dinsmore, 
And  Anna. 

Dinsmore,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Washington  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  railroad  between  Pittsburg  <t  Steubenville,  30 
miles  AV.  of  Pittsburg. 

Dinteloord,  din't?h-loRt',  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
liinds,  in  North  Brabant,  5  miles  W.S.W.  of  Willemstad. 
Pop.  2573. 

I)inAVid'die,a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Virginia,  has 
nn  area  of  about  520  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.  by  the  Appomattox  Hirer,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Not- 
toway River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  a 
large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  Tobacco,  Indian 
corn,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products  of  the  soil.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Norfolk  &  Western  and 
Richmond  A  Petersburg  Railroads,  and  contains  the  city 
of  Petersburg,  situated  at  their  junction.  Capital,  Din- 
widdle Court- House.  Pop.  in  1870,  30,702;  in  1880, 
32,870;  in  1890,  13,515. 

Dinwiddle  Coart-House,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Dinwiddie  co.,  Va.,  on  Stony  Creek,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Peters- 
burg, and  about  38  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Richmond.  It  has 
4  churches  and  several  stores. 

Dinxperlo,  dinx*p6R-lo',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
In  Gelderland,  7  miles  S.AV.  of  Bredevoort.     Pop.  2357. 

Diocacsarea,  an  ancient  name  of  Sefoorieh. 

Diois,  decHvi',  an  old  district  of  France,  in  Dauphin^, 
the  capital  of  which  was  Die.  In  1414  it  was  ceded  to 
Charles  VI.  by  Louis  de  Poitiers. 

Dioma,  de-o'm/l,  a  river  of  Russia,  government  of  Oren- 
boorg,  after  a  N.N.E.  course  of  150  miles,  joins  the  Belaia 
tear  Oofa.     Near  it  are  many  copper-mines. 

Diomeda;  Insulse,  the  ancient  name  of  Tremitt. 

Diomede  (di'o-meed)  Islands,  a  group  in  Behring 
strait,  midway  between  Asia  and  America,  consisting  of 
Fairway  Rock,  Ingdliuk,  and  Imaklit  Islands,  the  central 
one  in  lat.  65°  46'  N.,  Ion.  168°  65'  W. 

Di'ona,  a  post-village  of  Coles  eo..  111.,  10  miles  S. 
by  E.  of  Charleston,  is  partly  in  Cumberland  co.  It  has  2 
churches,  3  stores,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Dioscoridis  Insula,  the  ancient  name  of  Socotra. 

Dios-Gyor,  dee*osh'-joR,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Borsod,  5i  miles  W.  of  Miskolcz.  Pop.  3977.  Near  it  are 
important  iron-mines. 

Uiospolis  Magna,  the  ancient  name  of  Thebes. 

Dioszegh,  dee'o^zfig',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Bihar, 
23  miles  S.E.  of  Debreczin.     Pop.  5774. 

Dioszegh,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  25  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Presburg,  on  the  Dudwag.     Pop.  1620. 

Dipignano,  de-peen-yi'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  3  miles  S.  of  Cosenza.     Pop.  3204. 

Dip'per  Har'bor,  a  post-hamlet  on  the  Bay  of  Fundy, 
St.  John  CO.,  New  Brunswick,  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  John. 
It  has  a  lobster-fishery.     Pop.  200. 

Dippoldiswalde,  dip-pordis-*ard?h,  a  town  of  Sax- 
ony, 11  miles  S.  of  Dresden.  Pop.  2917.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  woollen  and  linen  cloths. 

Dipso,  dip'so,  a  town  of  Greece,  on  the  island  of  Euboea, 
on  the  channel  of  Talanda,  30  miles  N.W.  of  the  town  of 
Negropont.  It  is  supposed  to  replace  the  ancient  QHdepaus, 
famed  for  its  hot  baths. 

Direc'tion  Island,  in  the  Indian  Ocean,  lat.  12°  5' 
24"  S.,  is  one  of  the  Keeling  group. 

Direction  Island,  at  the  entrance  of  the  China  Sea, 
off  the  S.W.  coast  of  Borneo.     Lat.  15°  N. ;  Ion.  108°  2'  E. 

Direction  Islands,  a  group  of  small  islands  off  the 
N.E.  coast  of  Australia,  near  Cape  Flattery.  Lat.  14°  25' 
S.;  Ion.  145°  30'  E. 

DirillOjde-ril'Io  (anc;  ^c/tn'<e«),  ariver  of  Sicily,  enters 
the  Mediterranean  24  miles  W.N.W.  of  Modica,  after  a 
AV.S.W.  course  of  about  30  miles. 

Dirk-Har'tog  Island,  off  the  W.  coast  of  Australia. 
Lat.  26°  S.;  Ion.  113°  E.  Coast  steep;  length,  from  N.  to 
S.,  46  miles;  breadth,  10  miles. 

Dirksland,  dlRks'lint,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
South  Holland,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Rotterdam,  on  the  island 
of  Overflakkee.     Pop.  2243. 

Dirleton,  d^rl't^n,  a  village  and  parish  of  Scotland, 
CO.  and  64  miles  N.  of  Haddington,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the 
Firth  of  Forth.  Near  the  village  arc  the  ruins  of  Dirleton 
Castle.    Pop.  323. 

Dirmstcin,  dSeRm'stine,  a  town  of  Bairaria,  in  the 
Palatinate,  4  miles  E.N.E.  of  Griinstadt.     Pop.  1517. 

Dirschau,  dSSn'shSw  (Polish,  Szczetoo,  stch6<^'g),  a 


town  of  Prussia,  at  a  railway  junction,  20  miles  S.S.E.  oif 
Dantzic,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Vistula.  It  has  tanneries, 
breweries,  and  manufactures  of  cement,  farm-implements, 
and  metallic  wares.  Here  is  a  splendid  ii"on  bridge  over 
the  Vistula.     Pop.  9713. 

Dirt  Town,  a  post-office  of  Chattooga  co.,  Ga. 

Dis,  a  walled  town  of  South  Arabia,  near  the  coast,  53 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Makallah. 

Disappointment  Island,  one  of  the  Benin  group, 
in  the  Pacific  Ocean.     Lat.  27°  16'  N.;  Ion,  140°  51'  E, 

Disappointment  Island,  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean. 
Lat.  50°  36'  S.;  Ion.  166°  E. 

Disappointment  Islands,  a  group  in  the  Pacific, 
in  lat.  14°  5'  S.,  discovered  by  Byron  in  1766. 

Dischingcn,  dish'ing-§n,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  oh 
the  Eggc,  5  miles  S.S.E.  of  Neresheim.     Pop.  1045. 

Dis'co,  a  large  island  belonging  to  Denmark,  in  Davis' 
Strait,  off  the  W.  coast  of  Greenland.  Lat.  69°  11'  N. ;  Ion. 
53°  20'  W.  It  contains  stone-quarries  and  coal-mines,  and 
possesses  valuable  fisheries. 

Dis'co,  a  post-hamlct  of  Hancock  co.,  111.,  on  the  To- 
ledo, Peoria  &  Western  Railroad,  29  miles  W.  of  Bushnoll, 
and  17  miles  (direct)  N.  by  E.  of  Carthage.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  about  100. 

Disco,  a  post-village  of  Macomb  co.,  Mich.,  in  Shelby 
township,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Utica,  and  9  miles  (direct)  N.W. 
of  Mt.  Clemens.  It  has  an  academy,  2  planing-mills,  1  or 
2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  barrels,  <fco. 
Pop.  about  350. 

Discov'ery  Bay,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Australia,  between 
Capes  Bridgewater  and  Northumberland.  It  is  about  50 
miles  wide.     Centre  in  lat.  38°  5'  S.,  Ion.  141°  E. 

Disentis,  Switzerland.    See  Dissentis  Mustar. 

Dismal,  diz'mal,  a  post-township  of  Sampson  co.,  N.C., 
17  miles  E.  of  Fayetteville.     Pop.  746. 

Dismal  Swamp,  a  large  swamp  which  occupies  parts 
of  Nansemond  and  Norfolk  cos.  in  Virginia  and  Gates  and 
Camden  cos.  in  North  Carolina.  It  is  about  30  miles  long 
and  10  miles  wide.  Forests  of  cypress,  cedar,  and  other 
trees  cover  a  large  portion  of  this  swamp,  the  middle  of 
which  is  occupied  by  Lake  Drummond.  The  Dismal  Swamp 
is  intersected  by  a  canal,  by  means  of  which  schooners  can 
pass  from  Chesapeake  Bay  into  Albemarle  Sound. 

Disna,  dis'ni,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  109 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Minsk,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Disna.  It  has 
some  shipping  and  a  considerable  trade.     Pop.  4760. 

Disna,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  a  lake  of  the  same 
name,  in  the  N.E.  of  the  government  of  Vilna,  and  joins  the 
Dwina  after  a  course  of  about  90  miles. 

Dison,  dee'zin"',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Liege,  2  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Verviers.  It  has  important  manufactures  of 
woollen  cloths.     Pop.  11,439. 

Disputan'ta,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockcastle  co.,  Ey.,  9 
miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Mt.  Vernon.  It  has  a  saw-mill  and 
a  general  store. 

Disputanta,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Prince  George 
CO.,  Va.,  on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad,  13 
miles  S.E.  of  Petersburg. 

Diss,  a  town  of  England,  in  Norfolk,  on  the  Waveney, 
20  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Norwich.     Pop.  of  parish,  3851, 

Dissais,  dees^si',  a  village  of  France,  in  Vienne,  9  miles 
by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Poitiers.     Pop.  1065. 

Dissay,  dees'si',  a  village  of  France,  in  Sarthe,  29 
miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Le  Mans.     Pop.  1407. 

Dis'see%  or  Valen'tia,  an  island  in  the  Red  Sea, 
about  lat.  15°  18'  N.,  Ion.  40°  25'  E.  It  is  about  2i  miles 
long  and  J  of  a  mile  broad,  and  is  remarkable  for  its  pleas- 
ant appearance. 

Dissen,  dis's§n,  a  town  of  Prussia^  In  HanoTcr,  13  mile* 
S.S.E.  of  Osnaburg.     Pop.  1432. 

Dissentis  Mustar,  dees's?n-tis  moos-taR',  or  Disen- 
tis, dee's?n-tis,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Grisons, 
3800  feet  above  sea-level,  near  the  confluence  of  the  Further 
and  Middle  Rhine,  34  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chur  (Coire).  Its 
chief  attraction  is  an  ancient  convent  of  Benedictines,  said 
to  have  been  founded  in  600  by  Sigisbert,  and  whose  superiors 
were  once  princes  of  the  empire.  It  was  almost  destroyed 
by  the  French  in  1794.  The  environs  of  Dissentis  exhibit 
some  of  the  finest  Alpine  scenery.     Pop.  1365. 

Distress',  a  fishing-hamlet  of  Newfoundland,  26  miletf 
S.  of  Placentia.     Pop.  127. 

Dis'trict,  a  township  of  Berks  co..  Pa.     Pop.  724, 

District  of  Colum'bia,  a  district  of  the  United 
States,  containing  the  federal  capital,  and  having  the  river 
Potomac  as  its  S.AV.  boundary,  and  enclosed  on  all  other 
sides  by  Maryland.  The  district  formerly  comprised  a  tract 
10  miles  square,  lying  on  both  sides  of  the  Potomac,  but  in 


DIS 


1040 


DIU 


1846  that  portion  lying  8.W.  of  the  rlrer  waa  rotrooedod  to 
Virginia  by  th«  United  Sutei.  Present  area,  70  square 
nilee  (land  00,  water  lOV. 

OouHiiM  and  CYii'm.— The  district  is  divided  into  the 
eitics  of  Goorgetovrn  and  Washington,  and  the  county  of 
WashiuKtoa;  but  sinoe  1871  neither  of  those  throe  corpo- 
rations has  any  legal  existence,  although  tho  names  are  of- 
floially  reoogniied  as  belonging  to  local  divisions  of  tho 
district.  The  corporate  name  of  the  whole  is  now  "Tho 
District  of  Columbia."  Mount  IMeasant,  Tenallytown, 
Brightwood,  Uniontown,  Uenning,  &o.,  are  small  places 
outside  the  strict  city  limiU. 

Tkt/aet  of  tk«  country  is  undulating,  with  fine  hills  and 
pleasant  fertile  valloy.i,  and  a  light,  fertile  soil.  Tho  Poto- 
mac is  a  noble  tidnl  stream,  navigable  for  vessels  of  largo 
bnrflen  up  to  Washington.  Tho  Eivst  Branch  of  tho  Poto- 
mao  is  the  eastern  boundary  of  Washington,  and  Rock  Crook 
divides  it  from  Georgetown.  There  are  several  other  small 
streams.  The  climate  is  generally  healthful,  but  miasmatic 
diseases  have  prevailed  quite  generally  on  tho  low  lands 
near  the  streams.  Of  late  the  local  sanitary  conditions  have 
been  much  improved.  The  geological  formation  is  creta- 
oeous,  covered  largely  with  drift.  A  remarkable  conglom- 
erate or  breccia  has  been  observed  in  this  drift;  and  some 
handsome  polished  columns  made  of  this  material  may  be 
seen  in  the  interior  of  the  national  capitol. 

Induttriei. — The  agricultural  and  market-gardening  facil- 
ities of  the  district  are  very  good,  and  the  market  for  farm- 
nnd  garden-products  is  excellent,  and  the  profits  of  the 
business  are  considerable.  The  principal  mann/actnre  is 
that  of  flour  and  other  mill-products,  at  Georgetown.  Brick, 
lumber,  confectionery,  and  carriages  are  among  the  other 
leading  articles  of  manufacture.  The  commerce  of  the  dis- 
trict is  chiefly  carried  on  at  Georgetown,  which  has  consid- 
erable coosting-trode,  exporting  coal,  tobacco,  grain,  and 
flour,  the  products  of  Western  Maryland.  The  Baltimore 
Jc  Potomac  Railroad,  and  branches  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio, 
connect  Washington  with  Baltimore  and  the  North  and 
AVest ;  and  a  railroad  bridge  across  the  Potomac  connects 
the  district  with  the  Southern  railroad  system.  The  Chesa- 
peake &  Ohio  Canal  crosses  the  Potomac  at  Georgetown. 
The  district  has  several  national  and  savings  banks  and  life- 
and  fire-insurance  companies. 

Public  Works,  Benevolent  InatltiUiong,  tfcc. — These  include 
the  permanent  institutions  of  the  general  government  as 
well  as  those  of  tho  district  proper.  Under  this  head  we 
may  notice  the  Washington  Asylum  for  vagrants,  sick,  and 
destitute  persons,  and  petty  criminals ;  the  reform  school 
and  farm  for  boys;  the  United  States  Soldiers'  and  Sailors' 
Orphan  Asylum  ;  the  Children's  Hospital ;  Freedmen's  IIos- 

ftital ;  Nationivl  Soldiers'  Home ;  Providence  Hospital ;  Co- 
umbia  Hospital  for  women ;  government  hospital  for  the 
insane;  tho  institution  for  deaf-mutes;  the  National  Deaf- 
Mute  College ;  and  many  other  institutions,  public  and 
private.  ('Ihe  principal  United  States  government  build- 
ings are  noticed  in  the  article  AVashingtox,  D.C.) 

Education, — Separate  free  public  schools  are  maintained 
for  white  and  colored  children.  There  are  normal  schools, 
and  public,  high,  grammar,  intermediate,  and  primary 
schools.  There  are  also  kindergarten  schools,  and  manual 
training  forms  part  of  the  public  school  curriculum.  In 
1890,  besides  the  normal  and  high  schools,  there  were  6:-!6 
public  schools  with  an  enrollment  of  36,906  pupils,  and 
an  average  attendance  of  30,366.  More  than  30U0  pupils 
attend  private  schools.  The  district  is  also  the  seat  of 
the  Catholic  University  of  America,  Georgetown  College 
(Roman  Catholic),  Columbian  University  (Baptist),  Howard 
University  (Congregationalist),  Gonzaga  College  (Roman 
Catholic),  and  the  National  Deaf-Mute  College.  Among 
professional  schools  are  2  theological,  4  law,  and  3  medical 
.chools,  nearly  all  departments  of  some  one  of  the  univer- 
sities, and  a  school  of  pharmacy.  There  are  several  orphan- 
ages and  industrial  schools,  besides  the  institutions  above 
noticed.  The  Smithsonian  Institution,  the  United  States 
Signal  OflBce,  Naval  Observatory,  Corcoran  Art  Gallery, 
Army  Medical  Museum  and  other  government  museums, 
'.he  Botanic  Garden,  the  American  Union  Academy  of  Lit- 
erature, Science,  and  Art,  and  the  Congressional  and  other 
public  libraries,  add  largely  to  the  educational  advantages 
of  the  district. 

Ilittonj. — From  tho  time  of  the  close  of  the  Revolution- 
ary war  until  1790,  there  were  earnest  discussions  as  to  the 
place  where  the  seat  of  the  United  States  government  should 
DO  fixed.  Philadelphia,  Carlisle,  Philadelphia  again,  then 
Princeton,  Annapolis,  Trenton,  and  New  York,  wore  in  turn 
tho  temporary  places  of  the  meetings  of  Congress.  In  1788 
Maryland  ceded  to  the  United  States  the  present  territory 


for  tho  purpose  of  establishing  here  the  scat  of  federal 
authority  ;  and  in  1789  Virginia  augmented  the  gift  by  the 
cession  of  a  tract  of  36  square  miles  on  the  S.W.  side  of  the 
river.  The  tract  was  selected  by  Washington,  and  tho  gift 
was  accepted  by  Congress  in  1790,  after  a  bitter  contest, 
which  was  finally  settled  by  a  compromise,  the  Northern 
Congressmen  consenting  to  vote  for  the  new  ca]>itivl,  and  the 
Southern  members  voting  for  the  federal  assumption  of  the 
state  debts,  a  measure  which  the  South  bad  strongly  opposed. 
More  than  100  years  before,  the  site  of  the  future  capital 
had  been  named  Rome  by  its  eccentric  proprietor,  one  Pope, 
and  the  hill  where  the  United  States  eapitol  stands  was  by 
him  called  the  Capitoline  Hill.  Not  till  1800  did  the  fed- 
eral city  become  tne  capital.  Congress  met  at  Philadelphia 
from  1790  to  1800.  The  now  town  was  incorporated  in  1802 
and  named  Wash iNOTOV  (which  see).  The  county  and  city 
of  Alexandria,  on  the  Virginia  side,  were  rctrocedod  to  Vir- 
ginia in  1846.  Congress  abolished  slavery  here  in  1862,  and 
in  1867  admitted  colored  men  to  vote.  Before  1871  the  cities 
of  AVashington  and  Georgetown  and  the  county  of  Wash- 
ington had  a  corporate  existence ;  but  Congress  had  exclusive 
legislative  control,  and  tho  people  of  the  district  had  no 
delegate  or  other  representative  in  Congress,  and  no  voice 
in  tho  choosing  of  the  presidential  electors.  The  more  im 
portant  judicial  positions  were  filled  by  the  federal  author- 
ity. But  in  1871  a  torritori.al  government  was  constituted 
by  Congress,  and  tho  district  was  permitted  to  send  a  dele- 
gate to  the  national  house  of  representatives.  The  district 
was  made  a  corporate  body,  with  a  legislature  consisting  of 
a  council  of  11  appointed  by  the  president,  and  a  house  of 
delegates  of  22  members  chosen  by  the  people.  The  gov- 
ernor was  also  appointed  by  the  president  and  confirmed  by 
the  senate.  The  judiciary  system  is  nearly  the  same  as 
before  the  reorganization.  In  1874  Congress  appointed  3 
commissioners  to  oversee  the  afi°airs  of  the  district,  and 
provisionally  abolished  the  governorship  and  the  territorial 
system.  During  the  period  of  territorial  government  won- 
derful improvements  were  made  in  the  appearance  and 
comfort  of  the  cities,  but  the  changes  were  so  radical  and 
so  expensive  as  to  cause  much  complaint. 

Population. — In  1800  the  total  population  of  the  district 
was  8144;  in  1810, 15,471 ;  in  1820,23,336;  in  1830,  30,261; 
in  1840,33,745;  in  1850  (after  the  retrocession  of  Alexandria 
City  and  county),  51,687  ;  in  1860,  75,800 ;  in  1870, 131 ,700; 
in  1880,  177,624,  of  whom  118,006  were  white;  in  1890, 
230,392.  Population  of  AVashington  in  1880,  147,293;  in 
1890,  188,932;  of  Georgetown  in  1880,  12,578;  in  1890, 
14,046. 

Dit'marsh  (Qer.  Ditmarachen,  or  Dithmarschen,  dit'- 
man-sh^n),  a  region  in  Germany,  forming  the  AV.  part  of 
Holstein.  Area,  506  square  miles.  It  is  mainly  enclosed 
by  the  Elbe  on  the  S.,  the  Eider  on  the  N.,  and  the  North 
Sea  on  the  W.  It  is  low  and  marshy,  and  is  diked  to  pre- 
vent inroads  of  the  sea.  Its  people  for  many  centuries 
preserved  their  independence,  and  its  peasantry  8|>oke  the 
Frisian  language,  now  altnost  extinct  in  Ditmarsh.  It 
forms  two  circles  (North  Ditmarsh  and  South  Ditmarsh) 
in  tho  Prussian  province  of  Sleswiok-Holstein.  Pop.  about 
80,000. 

Dit'ney,  a  post-oflSce  of  Warrick  co.,  Ind. 

Uitro-Varhegy,  dee'tro'-van'hfidj'  (Ger.  Burgherg, 
bCoiio'bfiKc),  a  village  of  Transylvania,  in  Szekler-land,  on 
the  Maros,  8  miles  N.AV.  of  Gyergyo-Szent-Miklos.  It  has 
mineral  springs.     Pop.  2693. 

Dit'te^ah,  written  also  Duttcah  and  Datiya,  dut'- 
§-ya,  a  town  of  Ilindostan,  in  Bundelcund,  capital  of  a 
semi-independent  rajahship,  15  miles  N.AV.  of  Jnansi.  It 
is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  mostly  built  of  stone.  Pop.  45,000. 
The  rajahship,  area  850  square  miles,  pop.  120,000,  is  under 
British  protection. 

Dittersbach,  dit't9rs-bS,K\  or  Starsow^  stan'sov,  a 
village  of  Bohemia,  about  40  miles  AV.  of  Olmutz.    Pop.  1121. 

Dittfurt,  dit'fooRt,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  28 
miles  by  rail  S.AV.  of  Magdeburg,  on  the  Bode.     Pop.  2077 

Dittigticim,  a  village  of  Baden.    See  Dietighkim. 

Ditt'nier's  Store,  a  post-ofSco  of  Jefi'erson  oo.,  Mo.  ' 

Dittoii,  Quebec.    See  West  Dittos. 

Ditwyl,  dit'<^il,  or  Dietwyl,  deet'^il,  a  village  of 
Switzerland,  canton  and  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lucerne,  on  the 
Reuss.     Pop.  1117. 

Ditzingen,  dit'sing-^n,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  WUr- 
temberg,  5  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Leonberg.     Pop.  1360. 

Diu,  dee-oo',  an  island  and  seaport  town  of  India,  be- 
longing to  Portugal  since  1515.  It  is  in  lat.  20°  42'  N., 
Ion.  71°  E.,  and  lies  just  S.  of  the  Kattywar  peninsula. 
Pop.,  with  Gogola,  13,898.  Diu-Head  Cape  is  in  lat.  20" 
43'  N.,  Ion.  71°  3'  12"  E. 


mxj 


1041 


DJA 


Dium  Promontorium.    See  Cape  Sassoso. 

Diiira,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Jura. 

Uiveii,  dce'v9n,  or  Divin,  dee'vin  (Ilun.  Dlveny,  dee*- 
rin'),  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Neograd,  20  miles  S.E.  of 
Altsohl.     It  lias  glass-works.     Pop.  1500. 

Diven,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Daghcstan,  on  the  Rubass, 
22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Derbend. 

Diven,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  government  of  Grodno, 
20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Kobrin. 

Dives,  doev,  a  town  of  France,  in  Calvados,  15  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Caen.     Pop.  656. 

Divide',  a  post-hamlet  of  El  Paso  co.,  Col.,  on  the 
great  eastern  divide  or  watershed  of  the  state,  about  25 
miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Colorado  Springs. 

Divide,  a  post-hamlet  of  Silver  Bow  co.,  Montana, 
about  25  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Butte  City. 

Divide,  a  station  on  the  Oregon  A  California  Railroad, 
24  miles  S.  of  Eugene,  Oregon. 

Divi'ding  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co., 
N.J.,  on  a  creek  of  the  same  name,  in  Downe  township, 
and  on  the  Bridgeton  &,  Port  Norris  Railroad,  14  miles  S.E. 
of  Bridgeton.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  750. 

Dividing  Fence,  in  Scotland.    See  Catuail. 

Dividing  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pendleton  co., 
Ky.,  7  miles  S.  of  De  Mossville.    It  has  a  church. 

Dividing  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Somerset  co.,  Pa. 

Divin,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Diven. 

Divina,  deeVee'noh\  Kis,  kish,  and  Nagy,  nodj  {i.e., 
Little  and  Great  Divina),  two  adjacent  villages  of  Hungary, 
CO.  of  Trentschin,  on  the  Waag,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Szolna. 
United  pop.  1828. 

Divine's'  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y., 
4  miles  from  Hurley  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Divio,  an  ancient  name  of  Dijon. 

Divodurum,  an  ancient  name  of  Mbtz. 

Divona,  an  ancient  name  of  Cahors. 

Divonne,  dee^vonn',  a  village  of  Franco,  in  Ain,  6 
miles  N.E.  of  Gex.    It  has  paper-  and  iron-mills.    Pop.  1410. 

Divosch,  or  Diwosch,  dee'v6sh\  a  village  of  Hun- 
gary, in  Slavonia,  co.  of  Syrmia,  22  miles  S.W.  of  Peter- 
wardein.     Pop.  1580. 

Diwischau,  Diwischow,  dee;vo-sh3\  or  Dibi- 
8chau,  dee'be-show\  a  town  of  Bohemia,  30  miles  S.E.  of 
Prague.     Pop.  1680. 

Diwie,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Devli. 

Diwoscli,  a  village  of  Austria.     See  Divosch. 

Diwra,  or  Dibra,  dee'^ri,  a  town  of  Turkey,  in 
Albania,  45  miles  S.S.W.  of  Prisrend.     Pop.  5500. 

Dix,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  111.,  9  miles  by  rail 
N.  by  W.  of  Mt.  Vernon.  It  has  2  churches  and  an  acad- 
emy.    Pop.  about  150. 

Dix,  a  post-oflSce  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Rome  &, 
Clinton  Railroad,  3  or  4  miles  S.  of  Rome. 

Dix,  a  township  of  Schuyler  co.,  N.Y.     Pop.  3700. 

Dix- An',  a  town  of  Abyssinia,  state  of  Tigr6,  66  miles 
N.E.  of  Axoom. 

Dix'cove,  a  British  town  of  Africa,  on  the  Gold  Coast, 
lat.  4°  48'  N.,  Ion.  1°  57^  W.,  in  a  fine  bay,  in  which  ships 
of  100  tons  can  load.  Here  is  a  fort.  Behind  Dixcove  is 
a  small  lake  with  brackish  water,  in  which  the  negroes 
maintain  a  number  of  crocodiles, 

Dix'field,  a  post-village  of  Oxford  co..  Me.,  on  the 
Androscoggin  River,  36  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Lewiston.  It 
has  a  church,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  bob- 
bins, spools,  shuttles,  <fec.     Pop.  about  500. 

Dixfield  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oxford  co..  Me., 
about  20  miles  (direct)  N.  by  E.  of  Paris. 

Dixie,  dix'?,  a  post-village  of  Brooks  co.,  Qa.,  8  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Quitman.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  250. 

Dixie,  a  station  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific 
Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of  Grinnell,  Iowa. 

Dixie,  a  post-office  of  Nicholas  co.,  W.  Va. 

Dixie  Station,  Georgia,     See  Groovektillb, 

Dix  Island,  off  the  coast  of  Rockland  co,.  Me.,  is  10 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Rockland.  Area,  55  acres.  It  has  im- 
portant quarries  of  granite,  and  has  furnished  the  material 
for  the  New  York  post-office  and  other  public  buildings. 

Dixmont,  deex^m6s<'',  a  town  of  France,  in  Yonno,  20 
miles  N,  of  Auxerre.     Pop.  1810. 

Dix^mont',  a  post-hamlet  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  in 
Dixmont  township,  23  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bangor.  It  has  a 
church.  The  township  has  4  churches  and  3  saw-mills. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1309. 

Dixmont,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Alleghany  co.. 
Pa.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  <fc 
Chicago  Railroad,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Pittsburg.  Here  is  the 
West  Pennsylvania  Hospital  for  the  Insane. 


Dixmont  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Penobscot  co..  Me,, 
20  miles  N.  of  Belfast.     It  has  a  saw-  and  a  shingle-mill. 

Dixmude,  dix^miid'  (Flem.  Dixmuyden,  dix-moi'd?n), 
a  town  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flanders,  at  a  railway  junction, 
on  the  Yser,  12  miles  N.  of  Ypres.  It  has  a  handsome 
church,  a  hospitivl,  and  a  workhouse,  also  breweries  and 
tanneries.     Pop.  3926. 

Dix'on,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Nebraska,  has  an 
area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  the  Missouri  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Logan  and 
Norway  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian 
corn,  oats,  hay  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Lime- 
stone is  abundant  here.  Capital,  Ponca,  Pop.  in  1880, 
4177;  in  1890,  8084. 

Dixon,  a  post-village  of  Solano  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Cali- 
fornia Pacific  Railroad,  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Sacramento. 
It  has  6  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  flour-mill, 
<fcc.  Pop.  in  1890,  1082. 
Dixon,  a  post-office  of  Dawson  co.,  Ga. 
Dixon,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Lee  co..  111.,  on  both  sides 
of  Rock  River,  and  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  where 
it  crosses  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  98  miles  W. 
of  Chicago,  40  miles  B.  of  Clinton,  and  35  miles  S.  of  Free- 
port.  It  has  8  churches,  2  national  banks,  an  institution 
called  Northern  Illinois  Normal  School,  a  collegiate  insti- 
tute, public  schools,  2  high  schools,  2  foundries,  a  plough- 
factory,  2  flouring-mills,  3  shoe-factories,  a  condensed-milk 
factory,  and  a  planing-mill.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are 
published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  5161. 

Dixon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  In- 
dianapolis &  Yincennes  Railroad,  41  miles  N.E.  of  Vin- 
cennes.     It  has  a  church. 

Dixon,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co.,  Iowa,  in  Liberty 
township,  on  the  Davenport  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  20  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Davenport.     It  has  a  church. 

Dixon,  a  station  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  railroad 
from  Florence  to  El  Dorado,  7  miles  N.  of  the  latter. 

Dixon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Webster  co.,  Ky.,  about 
34  miles  S.  of  Henderson.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school, 
and  several  distilleries.  Pop.  546. 
Dixon,  a  post-office  of  Neshoba  co..  Miss. 
Dixon,  a  post-village  of  Pulaski  co.,  Mo.,  24  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Rolla.  It  has  2  churches,  a  public  school,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  2  flour-mills.     Pop.  404. 

Dixon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dixon  co..  Neb.,  on  the  Mis- 
souri River,  about  30  miles  below  Yankton,  S.D. 

Dixon,  a  township  of  Preble  co.,  0.,  on  the  Indiana 
line.     Pop.  1038. 

Dixon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Van  Wert  co.,  0.,  on  the  Pitts- 
burg, Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad,  19  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Fort  Wayne. 
Dixon,  a  post-office  of  Wyoming  co..  Pa. 
Dixon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richland  co..  Wis.,  about  15 
miles  (direct)  S.E.  of  Richland  Centre.  It  has  a  church 
and  cheese-factories. 

Dixon,  a  post-office  of  Carbon  co.,  Wyoming. 
Dixon's  Corners,  a  post-village  in  Dundas  co.,  On- 
tario, 7  miles  N.  of  Iroquois.     Pop.  100. 

Dix'on's  En'trance,  a  strait  in  North  America,  W. 
coast,  lat.  54°  30'  N.,  Ion.  132°  W.,  between  Queen  Char- 
lotte Islands,  in  British  Columbia,  and  the  Prince  of  Wales 
Archipelago,  in  Alaska.  Length,  from  W.  to  E.  100  miles. 
Dixon's  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Marengo  co.,  Ala.,  36 
miles  S.  of  Demopolis.     It  has  3  churches. 

Dixon's  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smith  co.,  Tenn., 
10  miles  (direct)  W.  by  N.  of  Carthage.  It  has  a  church, 
an  academy,  %nd  saw-  and  flour-mills.     Pop.  150. 

Dix'onville,  a  hamlet  of  Cole  co.,  Mo.,  1^  miles  from 
Elston  Station. 

Dixonville,  a  post-office  of  Indiana  co..  Pa. 
Dix's  Peak,  a  mountain  of  the  Adirondack  group,  in 
Essex  CO.,  N.Y.,  about  16  miles  W.  of  Lake  Champlain,  and 
a  few  miles  S.E.  of  Mount  Marcy.     It  has  an  altitude  c* 
about  5000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Dix'villc,  a  township  of  Coos  co.,  N.H.,  covered  with 
forests  and  mountains.     Dixville  Notch,  10  miles  S.E.  of 
Colebrook,  presents  wild  and  desolate  scenery  of  remarkable 
character.     Pop.  in  1880,  11 ;  in  1890,  32. 
Diyalah,  a  river  of  Asia.    See  Diala. 
Dizfoul,  or  Dizful,  Persia.    See  Dezfool. 
Dizialdowo,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Soldait. 
Dj.     For  places  sometimes  spelled  with  these  initial  let* 
ters.  and  not  found  here,  refer  to  Di  and  J. 
Djabkan,  a  river  of  China.    See  Chabkan. 
Djagaraga,  ji'gi-ri'gi,  a  town  of  Java,  48  luiles  S.E. 
of  Samarang.     Pop.  6000. 


NX 


\m 


DOB 


DJanntait  jin-Kon-tl't » town  of  RawU,  in  Daghestan, 
M  mllM  N.W.  of  DeriMBtt. 

DJnpnn,  a  town  of  J»v».    Bee  Japa5. 

DJn|iiirnt  *  town  of  Jar*.    See  Japara. 

UJar,  or  El  DJar,  41  ja«,  ft  town  of  Ambta,  Ib  K1 
JI«|m,  OB  the  Red  Soft,  45  uiileo  S.S.E.  of  Veiubo. 

UJnvn«  ft  French  spelliiiK  <'f  Java. 

Dt|Avnt«  j4-v&t',  ft  town  of  KuRslft,  in  TmnscnncMlft,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Koor,  ftt  itt  Junction  with  the  Aras,  S6 
■ilea  S.  of  Shamnlcft. 

DJnwiiliir,  a  mounUiin  tn  Indift.     Soo  Jawahib. 

I)in\vniia«  a  river  of  Javft.     Seo  Jawa.na. 

l>Ji>l>i,  a  town  of  Arabift.     See  Jrdbb. 

DJem,  ft  river  of  Aeift.     See  Emba. 

Djcniilnh,  a  town  of  Algeria.     Soe  JeuiLAH. 

DJcrnsh,  n  city  of  Syria.     Soe  Grrasa. 

l>Jcrni,  a  town  of  Asia.     See  Jp.rm. 

I>jC8r>Krkcne.    Seo  Jrxar-Erkkmk. 

DJidiluh,  a  town  of  Arabia.     See  Jiddab. 

Djidyil,  a  town  of  Nubia.     See  AinAB. 

DJiKcllit  ft  town  of  Algeria.     See  Jur.Li. 

JlJillolOf  Malay  Archipelago,     See  (iii-ou). 

DjinifOn,  or  JamiOa*  ja-iii&'j&,  an  island  of  the  Chin» 
Sea.     Lat.  2°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  105°  52'  E.     Length,  12  miles. 

Djirdjoh,  a  town  of  Egypt.     See  GincBii. 

Djizznk,  a  town  of  Asia.     See  Jrgzak. 

Ujobia,  a  town  of  Arabia.     Sbe  Jobla. 

DjohoFf  a  state  and  town  of  Malacca.     Seo  Johorb. 

Djokjokartn^  or  Djoojocarta,  joli-yo-k!lr't4,  writ- 
ten also  Yugyakarta,  a  Dutch  residency  of  Java,  on  the 
8.  coast  of  the  island,  near  its  centre.  This  was  formerly 
one  of  the  most  important  native  states  of  Java.  Area, 
1232  square  miles.     Pop.  441,799. 

DjoKJokarta,  a  well-built  town,  capital  of  the  above, 
Iftt.  7°  47'  S.,  Ion.  110°  21'  30"  E.  It  is  the  scat  of  a  na- 
tive sultan,  a  Dutch  resident,  and  nn  ossistAnt  rcmdcnt. 
The  sultan's  water-palace  is  a  town  of  itself,  with  subterra- 
nean approaches,  walls,  and  towers.  The  resident's  abode 
is  in  a  fort,  which  commands  the  palace  and  town.  There 
are  here  a  church,  school,  and  shot-foundry.     Pop.  50,000. 

Djolibn,  a  river  of  Africa.    Soo  Joliba. 

Ujoulfa,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Jui.pa. 

DIhe-Polc,  dld-po'l£h',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Trentschin,  10  miles  from  Szolna.     Pop.  4120. 

DIuha,  dioo'huh,  or  Dlha^  dli,  a  village  of  Hungary, 
IB  Arvft,  on  the  DIuha,  9  miles  from  Also  Kubin.    Pop.  1200. 

Dmitria-Rostofskn^^o,  llussia.    Seo  Rostov. 

DmitricVf  or  Dmitrijcw,  d'mo-troe-yCv',  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  50  miles  N.W.  of  Koorsk.     P.  3004. 

Dmitrov,  d'mc-trov',  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  45  miles  N.  of  Moscow,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Volga. 
It  is  ancient  and  ill  built,  and  has  a  college  and  manufac- 
tures of  woollen  cloths  and  leather..  Near  it  are  a  porcelain- 
factory,  and  the  palace  of  the  Counts  Soltikov,     Pop.  8042. 

Dmitrovsk,  d'me-trovsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment and  57  miles  S.W.  of  Orel,  on  the  Neroosa.    Pop.  7603. 

Dnieper^  neo'pr  (Russ.  Didcpr,  dnyfip'p'r;  anc.  liorys'- 
ik«ne*  and  Danaprxs),  a  river  of  Ruseio,  rises  in  the  gov- 
ernment of  Smolensk,  flows  generally  S.,  and  passes  Smo- 
lensk (where  it  becomes  navigable),  Mohoelov,  Kiev,  Yeka- 
terinoslav,  and  Kherson,  and  enters  the  Black  Sea  on  the  N. 
by  several  mouths.  Length,  623  miles;  including  windings, 
1230  miles.  Chief  affluents  on  the  right,  the  Beresina,  Pri- 
pets,  Ingoolets,  and  Bug ;  on  the  left,  the  Sozh,  Desna,  Soola, 
Psiol,  Vorskla,  Orel,  and  Samara.  The  navigation  is  in- 
terrupted by  rapids  for  47  miles  below  Yokaterinoslav.  It  is 
regarded  as  the  third  in  magnitude  of  European  rivers,  rank- 
ing next  after  the  Volga  and  the  Danube.  Drainage-area, 
242,000  square  miles.  At  Kiev  it  is  35  feet  deep  in  sum- 
mer; but  spring  floods  raise  it  to  50  feet,  and  even  55  feet. 
The  mouth  of  the  estuary  is  defended  by  the  fortresses  of 
Otchakov  and  Kinboorn.  Near  its  embouchure  was  the 
Milesian  colony  of  Olbia,  founded  for  trading  with  the 
Irandering  races  of  the  interior. 

Dniester,  nco8't9r  (Russ.  Dniettr,  dnyis't'r  ;  anc.  Ty'- 
rat,  afterwards  Danat'tri*  or  Danas'ter),  a  navigable  river 
df  Austria  and  Russia,  rises  in  the  Carpathian  Mountains 
of  Oalicia,  separates  Bessarabia  from  the  governments  of 
Podolia  and  Kherson,  flows  E.S.E.,  passes  Sambor,  Halicz, 
Chotyn,  Mohcelev,  Bender,  and  Akerman,  and  enters  the 
Black  Sea  on  the  N."\V,  Length,  400  miles;  including  wind- 
ings, 500  miles.  Chief  affluents  on  the  right,  the  Stry,  Reoot, 
ftsd  Botnft;  on  the  left,  the  Sered  and  Podhorce.  Though 
very  tortuous,  and  in  summer  quite  shallow,  it  afibrds 
extensive  steamboat  navigation. 

Doa,  a  Malay  island.    Soe  Douw. 

Doab,  or  Dooab,  doo'&b'  ("two  waters")^  %  name  ap* 


plied  in  India  to  tracts  between  two  river*,  and  CPpcclallT 
to  that  between  the  Ganges  and  the  Juinnn,  anil  to  the 
"  Jullinder  Doixb,"  between  the  Sutlej  and  Bcas  Ulvci-s. 

Do'aksviilCf  a  post-office  of  Choctaw  Nation,  Ind.  Tor. 

Doan,  do-&n',  a  town  of  Arabia,  near  its  S.E.  coait, 
110  miles  W.  of  Dhofar. 

Doancsburg,  dunz'btirg,  a  hamlet  of  Putnam  co., 
N.Y.,  4  miles  from  Brewster's  Station. 

Doan's  (dOnz)  Creek,  of  Indiana,  enters  the  AVost 
Fork  of  White  River  near  the  S.  line  <Jf  Greene  co. 

Doazit,  do'&^zeo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Landcs,  IS 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Mont-de-Marsan.     Pop.  1465. 

Dobar'va,  a  town  of  Abyssinia,  98  miles  N.  of  Axoom. 
It  was  formerly  important. 

Dobasnizza,  do-b&s-nits'&,  or  Dobaschiza,  do-b&- 
shit8'&,  a  village  and  seaport  of  Austria,  on  the  island  uf 
Voglia,  21  miles  S.S.E.  of  Fiume. 

Dob'bo,  the  chief  town  of  the  Aroo  Islands,  on  the  N. 
side  of  the  islet  of  Wamma.  Lat.  6°  45'  45"  8.,  Ion.  134<» 
20'  E.  In  the  trading  season  it  is  much  visited  by  merchants. 

Dobbs  Ferry,  a  post-village  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y., 
21  miles  by  rail  N.  of  New  York.  It  has  4  churches,  2 
banks,  an  academy,  a  union  school,  a  newsjinpcr  office,  a 
brewery,  and  a  piano-stool  factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  2083. 

Dobbs'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Langlade  co..  Wis.,  23 
miles  (direct)  E.  of  Antigo. 

D5beln,  dS'beln,  a  town  of  Saxony,  35  miles  by  mil 
E.S.E.  of  Leipsic,  partly  on  an  island  formed  by  the  Mulde. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  hospital,  and  manufactures  of  woollen 
cloth,  linen,  and  cotton.     Pop.  10,969. 

Doberan,  do'b§r-4n',  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Mccklcn- 
burg-Schwerin,  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Schwcrin,  on  a  small 
river  which  falls  into  the  Baltic  2i  miles  below  the  tc<wn. 
It  has  a  palace,  theatre,  sea-water  baths  at  the  mouth  of  the 
river,  and  mineral  springs  and  baths.     Pop.  3827. 

Doblen,  do-bldn',  or  Doblehn,  do-blain',  a  town  of 
Russia,  in  Courland,  18  miles  W.  of  Mitau. 

Dobling,  d()b'ling,  a  suburb  of  Vienna,  Austria,  S 
miles  N.  of  the  city,  with  mineral  baths  and  numerous 
villas.     Pop.  6624. 

Doboi,  or  Doboj,  do^boy',  a  town  of  Bosnia,  on  the 
Bosna,  42  miles  N.E.  of  Travnik.     Pop.  1600. 

Doboka,  do'bo'kCh\  a  village  of  Transylvania,  co.  of 
Szolnok-Doboka,  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Szamos-Ujvar. 

Do'boy  Island,  one  of  the  sea-islands  of  Mcintosh 
CO.,  Ga.,  12  miles  from  Darien.  Area,  13  acres.  It  has  a 
church,  a  saw-mill,  30  dwellings,  and  3  ship-chandleries, 
and  ships  large  amounts  of  pine  lumber.  Permanent  pop* 
ulation,  150,  much  increased  during  the  winter. 

Doboy  liiglit,  Sapelo  Island,  Ga.     See  Darikx  LiCHt. 

Doboy  Sound  is  on  the  coast  of  Georgia,  at  the  south- 
ern extremity  of  Sapelo  Island,  10  miles  E.  of  Darien. 

Doboz,  do^boz',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Bekes,  oA 
the  Black  KSros,  about  4  miles  from  Gyula.     Pop.  3429. 

Dobra,  do'bri,  a  town  of  Poland,  province  and  25  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Kalisz.  It  has  2  churches,  a  synagogue,  and 
manufactures  of  linens,  gloves,  and  hosiery.     Poj).  2567. 

Dob'ra  Uonop'olis,  a  village  of  Transylvania,  co.  of 
Hunyad,  on  the  Maros,  50  miles  W.S.W.  of  Karlsburg. 

Dobran,  do-brin',  or  Dobrany,  do-bri'ncc,  a  town 
of  Bohemia,  10  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Pilsen.     Pop.  1997. 

DobraAvitz,  or  Doubrawitz,  do'bri-*its',  or  Roth> 
Dobrawitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Prague. 

Dobre  JMiasto,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Gutstadt. 

Dobrigno,  do-breen'yo,  a  village  of  Austria,  on  the 
island  of  Veglia,  24  miles  S.S.E.  of  Fiume.     Pop.  420. 

I>obrilugk,  do'bre-look*,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Bran- 
denburg, on  the  Dober,  at  a  railway  junction,  66  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Frankfort.     Pop.  1397. 

Dobrincze,  do-brint'ed,  or  Dobrinzen,  do-brint's^  n, 
a  village  of  Slavonia,  co.  of  Syrmia,  in  a  plain  22  mile* 
S.S.E.  of  Peterwardein.     Pop.  1600. 

DobrotUa,  a  region  of  Europe.     See  DoButiD-iA. 

D5br5kdz,  do'brii'koz',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Tolna,  84  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pesth,  on  the  Kapos.    Pop.  3164. 

Dobromielitz,  do'bro-meeMits,  a  village  of  Austria, 
in  Moravia,  7  miles  from  Prossnitz.     Pop.  874. 

Dob'romil%  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Oalicia,  23  miles  E. 
of  Sanok.     Pop.  1800.     It  has  important  cattle-fairs. 

Dobroslawitz,  do-bro-sli'vits,  a  village  of  Austrian 
Silesia,  41  miles  N.E.  of  Olmutz.     Pop.  379. 

Dobrota,  do-bro'ti,  a  town  of  Dalmatia,  2  milea  N.E. 
of  Cattaro,  on  the  Adriatic.     Pop.  1580. 

Dobrudja,  or  Dobrudscha,  do-broo'jS,  written  also 
Dobrodja,  Dobri^e,  Dobrnza,  or  Dobroodsha, 
dO-bro'j&  (Bulgarian,  Dohritch,  do-breech'),  a  region  of 
Europe,  bounded  E.  by  the  Black  Sea  and  N.  by  the  Danube. 


DOB 


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DOD 


Area,  2900  square  miles.  Its  N.  part  is  a  marshy  and  un- 
healthy alluvial  plain;  and  southward,  though  more  ele- 
vated, it  still  has  the  character  of  a  steppe.  In  1878  it  was 
detached  from  Turkey  and  given  to  Roumania,  Its  people 
arc  largely  Tartars,  but  many  Circassians,  Turks,  Bulgarians, 
Roumanians,  and  others  live  here,  each  people  strictly  pro- 
serving  its  nationality.     Pop.  160,000. 

Dobruschka,  do-broosh'ki,  or  Dobruska,  do-broos'- 
k4,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Koniggriitz.  It 
has  a  trade  in  corn,  flax,  yarn,  and  wine.     Pop.  2939. 

Dobrzan,  dob'zhin,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  8  miles  S.S.W. 
flf  Pilsen.     Pop.  1780. 

Dobrzyn,  dob'zhin,  a  town  of  Poland,  government  of 
Flock,  on  the  Drewenz,  18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lipno.  It  has 
a  castle,  and  manufactures  of  woollens  and  leather.    P.  2fi85. 

Dobschau,  dob'show,  or  Dobsina,  dob'shee'noh',  a 
town  of  Hungary,  21  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Gomor-Sajo,  on 
the  Dobsina.  Pop.  5505,  mostly  Germans.  It  has  mercury-, 
iron-,  copper-,  and  cobalt-mines. 

Dob'soii,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Surry  co.,  N.C.,  in 
Dobson  township,  about  50  miles  N.  of  Statesville.  It  hiw 
a  church,  a  tobacco-factory,  and  25  families.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1255. 

Do'byn'B,  a  post-ofiSce  of  Patrick  co.,  Va.,  10  miles  S.E 
Iff  Stuart. 

Dob"Tisza,  dob-tee8's6h\  a  town  of  Hungary,  on  the 
Theiss,  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Tokay. 

Do'byville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clark  co..  Ark.,  17  miles 
S.W.  of  Arkadelphia.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 

Doce,  do'si  {i.e.,  "sweet"),  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in 
the  state  of  Minas-Geraes,  flows  N.E.  between  the  states 
of  Porto  Seguro  and  Espiritu  Santo,  and  enters  the 
Atlantic  00  miles  N.  of  Victoria.  Its  direct  course  N.E.  is 
330  miles;  but  its  whole  course,  including  windings,  cannot 
be  less  than  500  miles.  Its  navigation  is  very  much  inter- 
rupted by  cataracts. 

Docea,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Tcsia. 

Dochart)  doK'art,  a  lake  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Perth. 
liCngth,  about  3  miles.  A  river  of  the  same  name,  8  miles 
in  length,  carries  its  surplus  waters  through  Glen-Dochart 
into  the  Lochy. 

Dock'ery,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C.,  50  miles 
N.AV.  of  Statesville.     It  has  a  church. 

Dock  Junction,  a  station  on  the  Lake  Shore  and  Erie 
&  Pittsburg  Railroads,  2J  miles  from  Erie,  Pa, 

Docks,  a  station  on  the  St.  Louis  &  Iron  Mountain 
Railroad,  7  miles  from  the  terminus  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Doc'tor's  Creek,  of  Georgia,  enters  tho  Altamaha 
from  the  left,  in  the  W.  part  of  Mcintosh  co. 

Doctor's  Creek,  New  Jersey,  rises  in  Monmouth  co., 
and  falls  into  Crosswicks  Creek  3  miles  N.E.  of  Bordentown. 

Doctor  Town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Atlantic  <fc  Gulf  Railroad,  53  miles  S.W.  of  Savannah. 
It  has  a  church  and  2  lumber-mills. 

Do'da,  a  town  of  India,  Punjab,  on  the  Chenaub,  here 
crossed  by  a  cable-bridge,  115  miles  N.  of  Lahore.  It  has  a 
fort  and  a  good  bazaar. 

Dodairee,  do-di'rce.  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Deccan, 
Mysore  dominions,  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Chittoldroog. 

Dod'broke,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Devon,  half  a 
mile  E.  of  Kingsbridge.     Pop.  of  parish,  1245. 

Dodd,  or  Dodd  City,  a  post-village  of  Fannin  co., 
Tex.,  24  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Sherman.  It  has  5  churches, 
a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  2  academies.     Pop.  333. 

Dodda  Ballapoor,  India.     See  Ballapook. 

Dodd'ridge,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  West  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  475  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
Hughes  River  and  Middle  Island  Creek.  The  surface  is 
hilly  and  mostly  covered  with  forests;  the  soil  is  fertile 
and  adapted  to  pasturage.  Indian  corn,  hay,  butter,  lum- 
ber, and  wool  are  the  staple  products.  The  county  has 
beds  of  coiil.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  which  passes,  from  E.  to  W.,  through  West  Union, 
the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  7076:  in  1880, 
10,552;  in  1890,  12,183. 

Dodd's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  oo.,  0.,  7  miles  by 
rail  N.  by  E.  of  Lebanon.  It  has  a  saw-mill  and  several 
general  stores. 

Dodd's  Mill,  a  hamlet  of  Williamson  co.,  Tex.,  17 
miles  N.N.AV.  of  Austin,  and  2  miles  from  Running  Brushy 
Post-Office.    It  has  a  hotel,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Dodds'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuyler  co..  111.,  about 
60  miles  E.N.E.  of  Quincy,  and  12  miles  S.  of  Macomb. 
Jt  has  general  stores  and  business  houses. 

Dftdeberg,  a  summit  of  the  Alps.    See  Dodibeug. 

Dodge,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Georgia,  has 
an  area  of  about  414  square  miles.    It  is  bounded  on  the 


S.W.  by  the  Ocmulgee  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level,  and  partly  covered  with  yellow-pine  forests ; 
the  soil  produces  cotton,  maize,  <tc.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad.  Capital, 
Eastman.  It  has  manufactures  of  pine  lumber.  Pop.  in 
1880,  5358,-  in  1890,  11,452. 

Dodge,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Minnesota,  has  an 
area  of  432  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Red  Cedar  River 
and  the  South  Branch  of  the  Zumbro  River.  The  surface 
is  undulating  and  diversified  with  prairies  and  groves  of 
trees;  the  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  In- 
dian corn,  are  the  staple  products.  Silurian  limestone  under- 
lies this  county,  which  is  intersected  by  tho  Chicago  & 
Northwestern  and  Chicago,  St.  Paul  <fc  Kansas  City  Rail- 
roads. Capital,  Mantorville.  Pop.  in  1870,  8598;  in  1875, 
10,045;  in  1880,  11,344;  in  1890,  10,864. 

Dodge,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Nebraska,  has  an 
area  of  about  570  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S. 
by  the  Platte  River,  is  intersected  by  the  Elkhorn  River, 
and  is  also  drained  by  Logan's,  Pebble,  and  Maple  Creeks. 
The  surface  is  undulating  ;  the  soil  is  deep  and  very  fertile. 
Timber  is  scarce  in  this  county,  the  greater  part  of  which 
is  prairie.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  and  oats  are  the  staple 
products.  Sandstone  and  limestone  of  cretaceous  formation 
underlie  the  soil.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Fremont,  Elkhorn 
<k  Missouri  Valley  Railroad,  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  and 
the  Sioux  City  <fc  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Fremont.  Pop. 
in  1870,4212;  in  1880,  11,263;  in  1890,  19,260. 

Dodge,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  Wisconsin, 
has  an  area  of  900  square  miles,  being  a  square  each  side  of 
which  is  30  miles  long.  It  is  intersected  by  Rock  River,  and 
also  drained  by  Beaver  Dam  and  Crawfish  Creeks.  Among  its 
physical  features  is  a  large  shallow  lake,  formerly  called  Win- 
nebago Marsh,  now  Horicon  Lake,  from  which  Rock  River 
issues.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  undulating  prairies, 
"  oak  openings,"  and  dense  forests  of  oak,  elm,  ash,  sugar- 
maple,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  butter,  wool,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Good  Silurian  (magnesian)  limestone  underlies 
part  of  this  county,  which  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  A 
Northwestern,  Wisconsin  Central,  and  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
&  St.  Paul  Railroads,  the  first  named  passing  through  Ju- 
neau the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  47,035 ;  in  1880,  45,931 ;  in 
1890,  44,984. 

Dodge,  a  township  of  Boone  co.,  Iowa,  bounded  W.  by 
the  Des  Moines  River.     Pop.  13.'?0. 

Dodge,  a  township  of  Dubuque  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1484. 
It  contains  Farley  and  Worthington. 

Dodge,  a  post-township  of  Guthrie  co.,  Iowa,  about  50 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Des  Moines.     Pop.  942. 

Dodge,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  599. 

Dodge,  a  township  of  Ford  CO.,  Kansas.  Pop.  1967.  It 
contains  Dodge  City. 

Dodge,  or  Dodge  Station,  a  post-village  of  Walker 
CO.,  Tex.,  on  the  International  &  Great  Northern  Railroad, 
71  miles  N.  of  Houston.     It  has  3  churches. 

Dodge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Trempealeau  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Green  Bay  &  Minnesota  Railroad,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Winona, 
Minn.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  Dodge  township,  448. 

Dodge  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Dodge  co.,  Minn.,  on 
the  Zumbro  River,  and  on  two  railroads,  20  miles  by  rail  W* 
of  Rochester  and  6  miles  (direct)  S.W.  of  Miintorville.  It  has 
4  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  ofiices,  a  high  school,  grist- 
and  flour-mills,  and  manufactures  of  wagons  and  sleighs. 
A  large  quantity  of  wheat  is  shipped  here.  It  has  wide 
and  finely-shaded  streets.     Pop.  633. 

Dodge  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ford  oo.,  Kansas, 
in  Dodge  township,  on  the  Arkansas  River,  and  on  the  At- 
chison, Topeka  <fc  Santa  Fe  Railroad,  302  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Topeka,  and  128  miles  E.  of  Granada,  Col.  It  has  a  money- 
order  post-office  and  3  newspaper  offices.    Pop.  in  1890,  1763. 

Dodge  City,  a  post-office  of  Steele  co.,  Minn. 

Dodge's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waukesha  co., 
Wis.,  on  Fox  River,  12  miles  S.  of  Waukesha. 

Dodge  Station,  a  post-office  of  Texas.    See  Dodge. 

Dodgeville,  doj'vil,  a  post- village  of  Des  Moines  co., 
Iowa,  in  Franklin  township,  2  miles  from  Sperry  Station, 
and  about  12  miles  N.  of  Burlington.     It  has  2  churches. 

Dodgeville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  in  At- 
tleborough  township,  on  the  Boston  <fc  Providence  Railroad, 
11  miles  N.E.  of  Providence.     It  has  a  church. 

Dodgeville,  a  station  in  Lapeer  oo.,  Mich.,  in  Elba 
township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Lake  Huron  Railroad,  6  miles 
W.  of  Lapeer,  and  1  mile  E.  of  Elba.  It  has  a  saw-,  clap- 
board-, shingle-,  and  heading-mill. 

Dodgeville,  an  incorporated  city,  capital  of  Iowa  co., 
Wis.,  47  miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Madison.     It  is  th« 


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1044 


DOL 


Borthero  Urmlnni  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  and  haa 
7  oburobM,  »  eonrt-house,  3  newKpaper  ufliccs,  and  3  banks. 
Lead  and  lioo  ores  ar«  mined  bero.  Pop.  in  1880, 1547 ;  in 
18M,  1723. 

I>tt4iberf ,  d8'de-b4Ro\  a  aammit  of  the  Swiss  Alps,  17 
niitos  8.S.W.  of  OlnruR,  at  tbe  8.  estrcmtty  of  tbe  ciinton. 
Ilelgbt,  1 1,887  feet.  KIcvatiun  of  tbe  pass  between  tbe  val- 
leys of  tbe  Linth  and  Vorder-Rhcin,  »609  feet. 

Dod'aon,  a  post-bauilot  of  Montgomery  co.,  0.,  15  miles 
bj  rail  W.N.W.  of  Dayton.     Pop.  47. 

Dod'sonviile,  a  post-bamiet  of  Jackson  oo.,  Ala., 
al>out  II  miles  (direct)  b.  by  W,  of  Soottsborough. 

Dodsonville,  a  small  post-village  of  liighlund  co.,  0., 
about  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati.     It  bas  2  churches. 

Doe  (do)  ItaVt  a  post-borough  of  San  Juan  co.,  Wash- 
ington, is  on  the  E.  shore  of  Orcas  Island  near  the  bead  of 
Rosario  Straits,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Whatcom.  It  bas  church 
organizations,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of 
lumber,  shingles,  and  staves.     Pop.  about  100. 

Doe  GulMy,  a  station  in  Morgan  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Potomac,  40  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Martinsburg. 

Doe  Hill)  a  post-village  of  Highland  co.,  Va.,  about  30 
miles  N.W.  of  Staunton.  It  has  tbe  Oakland  Institute,  a 
church,  and  a  tannery. 

Doe  Kun,  a  post-village  of  St.  Francois  co..  Mo.,  5 
miles  S.W.  of  Farmington.  It  has  5  churches,  and  lead- 
mines.     Pop.  956. 

Doe  Run,  a  post-village  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  about  38 
miles  W.  of  Philadelphia,  and  1  mile  from  Doe  Run  Station. 
It  has  a  church,  a  cotton-factory,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.    Pop.  250. 

Doesburg,  doos'bflRO  (anc.  Dru'ti  Bur'gumT),  a  forti- 
fied town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Geldcrland,  on  the  Ysscl, 
10  miles  E.  of  Arnhem.     Pop.  4420. 

Do^es'sah,  or  Doisa,  do-e'si,  a  village  of  Bengal,  in 
Lohardaga,  66  miles  S.AV.  of  Ramghur. 

Doetichem,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.  SceDEUTiCHEM. 

Dofar,  a  city  of  Yemen.     See  Dhofau. 

DofreKcId,  or  Dot'rines,  the  central  portion  of  the 
mountain-chain  of  Scandinavia.    See  Dovrefield. 

Dogaree,  do-g4'reo,  a  town  of  India,  in  Ajmeer,  23 
miles  N.E.  of  Boondee,  on  the  margin  of  a  beautiful  lake, 
surrounded  by  pagodiis  and  other  buildings. 

Dog  Uluitf,  a  township  of  Horry  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  789. 

Dog  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hart  co.,  Ky.,  12  miles 
W.  of  Munfordsville. 

Dog  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Ohio,  at  OrroyiLLE. 

Dog'ger-Bank,  a  sand-bank  occupying  all  the  centre 
of  the  North  Sea,  between  lat.  54°  10'  and  57°  24'  N.  and 
Ion.  1°  and  6°  7'  E.,  intermediate  between  the  shores  of 
England  and  Denmark.     It  is  the  seat  of  fisheries. 

Dog  Island,  at  the  E.  side  of  the  middle  entrance  to 
St.  George's  Sound,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Florida.  Lat.  29° 
43'  30"  N.;  Ion.  84°  41'  W. 

Dog  Island,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  one  of  the  Scrawatty 
group.     Lat.  7°  40'  S. ;  Ion.  126°  2'  E. 

Dogliani,d61-y&'nee  (anc.  Dolia'naf  or  DoUa'nnmf), 
a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Coni,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Mondovi, 
on  tbe  Rea.  It  has  a  communal  college,  a  small  hospital, 
and  the  remains  of  an  old  castle.     Pop.  4914. 

Dognacska,  dog'nioh'k5h\  a  town  of  Hungary,  co. 
of  Krosso,  40  miles  S.W.  of  Temesvar.  It  has  mines  of 
•opper,  lead,  and  zinc.     Pop.  2800. 

Dog  River,  Ala.  and  Miss.     See  Escatawpa  Riveu. 

Dog  River,  a  small  stream  of  Washington  co.,  Vt., 
runs  nearly  northeastward,  and  enters  the  Winooski  River 
about  1  mile  below  Montpelier. 

Dogs,  Isle  of.    See  Isle  of  Dogs. 

Dogs'thorpe,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Northamp- 
ton, li  miles  N.  of  Peterborough. 

Dog'tooth,  a  township  of  Alexander  co..  111.,  is  a  pen- 
insula bounded  E.,  S.,  and  W.  by  the  Mississippi.     P.  301. 

Dog'wood  Neck,  a  township  of  Horry  co.,  S.C,  lying 
E.  of  Conwayborough.     Pop.  573. 

Doha,  a  town  of  Hungary. 

Dohak,  a  village  of  Persia.    See  Dehak. 

Doharab,  do'hi-rib',  an  island  in  the  Red  Sea,  E, 
Bide.     Lat.  16°  18'  30"  N.;  Ion.  41°  59'  E. 

Dohna,  dS'nl,  a  town  of  Saxony,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Dresden,  on  the  MUglitz.     Pop.  1852. 

Do^hnd',  a  town  of  India,  in  Malwah.  Lat.  22°  55'  N.: 
Ion.  74°  20'  E. 

Do^hul',  an  island  in  the  Rod  Sea,  N.W.  of  Dhalak. 
Lat.  15°  55'  N.;  Ion.  39°  40'  E. 

Doire,  a  river  of  Italy.    See  Dora  Baltea. 

Dokkum,  dok'kfim,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Friesland,  on  the  ship-canal  Dokkumdiep,  6  miles  from  the 
North  Sea,  and  12^  miles  N.E.  of  Leeuwarden.    It  is  a 


market  for  flax,  nnd  has  a  town  hall,  a  Latin  school,  ship, 
building  docks,  nalt-relinoriog,  and  breweries.     Pop.  44,'{0. 

Doko,  or  Dokoe,  do'ko*,  a  pygmy  race  of  negroes  in- 
habiting a  region  of  Africa,  in  Sennaar.  They  are  four  feet 
in  height,  of  a  dark-olive  complexion,  nnd  perfectly  wild. 
They  are  supposed  by  some  to  be  the  "Pygmies"  of  the 
ancients. 

Do'ko,  a  hamlet  of  Fairfield  co.,  S.C,  on  the  Charlotte, 
Columbia  <t  Augusta  Railroa<l,  19  miles  N.  of  Columbia. 
It  has  several  stores,  and  near  it  are  3  churches. 

Dokzy,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  HiR»CHnEna. 

Dol,  dol,  a  town  of  France,  in  Ille-et-Vilnino,  15  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Saint-Malo.  It  is  enclosed  by  old  fortifica- 
tions, and  consists  largely  of  very  ancient  bouses.  It  has 
a  fine  cathedral,  a  hospital,  and  trade  in  corn,  hemp,  and 
cider.     Pop.  3356. 

Dola  (or  Dolium),  supposed  ancient  name  of  DOle. 

Do'lan,  a  township  of  Cass  co..  Mo,     Pop.  1141. 

DoMand,  a  post- village  of  Spink  co.,  S.U.  21  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Redfield.     It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  newsipaper 
ofiice,  public   schools,  a  cheese-factory,  grain-  and  other^ 
mills,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  216. 

Dolce,  gulf  and  river.    See  Ddlce. 

Dolce  Acqna,  dol'chi  &'kw&,  t.e.,  "sweet  water"  1[L.^' 
DhIcU  Aqua),  a  town  of  Italy,  21  miles  E.N.E.  of  Nice,  on 
the  Nervia.     Pop.  2334. 

Dolcedo,  dol-chi'do,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Porto  Maurizio.     Pop.  2642. 

Dolcigno,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Dclcioxo. 

D6le,  dol  (L.  Do'ln  or  Tol'linm;  anc.  Vo'linmf),  a 
town  of  France,  department  of  Jura,  on  the  Doubs,  at  a 
railway  junction,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Dijon.  It  is  irregularly 
built,  'rhe  principal  edifices  are  the  court-house,  the  old 
and  new  prisons,  2  hospitals,  and  a  theatre.  It  bus  a  publio 
library,  manufactories  of  straw  hats,  leather,  earthenwares, 
and  hardwares,  and  an  active  ti-ade  in  agricultural  produce. 
Dole  was  founded  by  the  Romans,  and  in  later  times  was 
the  capital  of  Francho-Comt6.  In  1442  it  became  the  scat 
of  a  parliament,  and  of  a  university  established  by  Philippe 
le  Bon.  The  fortifications,  once  of  great  strength,  were 
dismantled  in  1674.^  Pop.  12,009. 

Ddle,  or  La  Dole,  li  dol,  a  mountain  of  Switzerland, 
canton  of  Vaud,  in  the  chain  of  the  Junv,  on  tlie  French 
frontier,  16  miles  N.  of  Geneva,  5509  feet  in  elevation.  It 
is  celebrated  for  its  magnificent  scenery. 

Dolennor,  Mongolia.    See  Chao-Naimak-Soome. 

Dolgelly,  Dolgellcy,  dol-gSth'lee,  or  Dolgellcn, 
dol-g6th'l?n,  a  town  of  Wales,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Merioneth, 
on  the  Gwynion,  near  the  foot  of  Cader-Idris,  46  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Shrewsbury.  The  town  is  surrounded  by  mag- 
nificent hill-scenery,  and  contains  a  church  with  a  fine  tower, 
a  county  ball,  jail,  and  house  of  correction.     Pop.  2357. 

Dolgeville,  d61'je-vil,  a  post-village  of  Herkimer  co., 
N.Y.,  12  miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Herkimer.  It  has  2  churches, 
an  academy,  a  conservatory  of  music,  a  newspaper  oSice, 
piano-  and  other  factories,  lumber-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  500. 

Doigoi,  dol-goy',  an  island  in  tbe  Caspian  Sea.  Lat. 
45°  N. ;  Ion.  61°  30' E. 

Dolgoi,  an  island  of  European  Russia,  in  the  Arctic 
Ocean,  65  miles  S.  of  the  island  of  Vaigats. 

Dolgoi,  an  island  of  Rut^sia,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Neva, 
at  the  entrance  of  the  Gulf  of  Finland. 

Dolina,  do-lee'nS,,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Galicia,  22 
miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Stry.  It  has  Roman  Catholic  and 
Protestant  churches.     Pop.  5974. 

Do'lington,  a  post-village  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  in  Upper 
Makefield  township,  near  the  Delaware  River,  27  miles  N.E. 
of  Philadelphia.     It  has  a  church  and  2  or  3  stores. 

Dblitz  Niederheim,  do'lits  nce'd^r-himo',  a  village 
of  Saxony,  S.  of  Leipsic,  on  tbe  Pleisse.     Pop.  1399. 

Dol'lar,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Clackmannan,  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Stirling,  beautifully  situated  on  the  Devon. 
The  Dollar  Academy  is  an  elegant  structure,  founded  in 
1819.  Coal  is  wrought  here,  and  ironstone  abounds.  Pop. 
2123.     The  fine  ruin  of  Castle-Campbell  is  in  the  parish. 

Dol'lar-Law',  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  co.  and  9J 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Peebles.     Elevation,  2840  feet. 

Dol'lart  (L.  Si'nua  Emda'nua  or  DoUa'rius),  a  gulf  of 
the  North  Sea,  at  tbe  estuary  of  the  Ems,  between  Germany 
and  the  Netherlands,  10  miles  in  length  from  N.  to  S.,  by 
7  miles  across,  owes  its  origin  to  a  destructive  inundation 
in  1276.    The  towns  of  Emden  and  Delfzyl  are  on  its  shores. 

Dolle's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Bollinger  co..  Mo. 

Dollova,  doI'loVOh^  a  village  of  Hungary,  in  the 
Banat,  21  miles  E.N.E.  of  Belgrade.     Pop.  6107. 

Dolm,  dolm,  a  small  island  of  Norway,  on  the  coast  of 
Trondhjera,  near  the  island  of  Hitteren,  and  between  it  an 


DOL 


1045 


DON 


Froyen.     Its  greatest  length  is  6  miles.     Two  summits  rise 
to  the  height  of  nearly  ailDO  feet. 

Dolmatov,  or  Dolmatow,  dol-mi-tov',  written  also 
Palmatov,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Perm,  on 
the  Iset,  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Shadrinsk.  It  has  a  fine  mon- 
astery and  an  annual  fixir.     Pop.  43.^57. 

Do'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  I'A  miles  W.  of  Venice,  on  the 
Brcnta  and  Brentano.     Pop.  6196. 

DoMol',  a  village  of  Africa,  in  Sonegambia,  near  the 
left  bank  of  the  Lower  Senegal. 

Doloiiiior,  Mongolia.    See  Chao-Naiman-Soome. 

Dolores,  do-lo'r6s,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  21 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Alicante,  on  the  Segura.     Pop.  3182. 

Dolores,  do-lo'rfis,  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Repub- 
lic, 120  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Buenos  Ayres.     Pop.  3250, 

Dolores,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  and  45  miles  N.E.  of 
Guanajuato. 

Dolo'res,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montezuma  co.,  Col.,  10 
miles  N.  of  Cortez. 

Dolo'res  River  (Span,  liio  Bohren,  ree'o  do-lo'r5s) 
rises  in  the  San  .Juan  Mountains  in  Colorado,  runs  west- 
ward and  northward,  crosses  the  W.  boundary  of  Colorado, 
and  enters  the  Grand  River  in  the  E.  part  of  Sevier  co., 
Utah.  Its  length  is  estimated  at  250  miles.  It  flows  many 
miles  in  a  deep  canon  from  1500  to  3U00  feet  deep.  "Its 
course  after  leaving  the  mountains  is  at  first  nearly  south, 
then,  suddenly  turning  back  almost  upon  itself,  it  flows 
northerly  against  the  slope  of  a  plateau  in  which  it  buries 
itself  deeper  and  deeper."     (Report  of  II.  Gannett,  1875.) 

Dol'phingstoii,  a  hamlet  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Had- 
dington, 2  miles  AV.  of  Tranent. 

Dol'sentowii,  a  hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  2  milos 
fifom  Middletown. 

Dol'son,  a  post-office  of  Clark  co.,  III.,  is  at  Clarks- 
Tille,  in  Dolson  township,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Marshall.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1221. 

Dol'ton's  Station,  a  post-village  of  Cook  co..  111.,  in 
Thornton  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Danville  &  Vincennes 
Railroad,  26  miles  S.  of  Chicago;  also  on  the  Columbus, 
Chicago  &  Indiana  Central  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
graded  school,  and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  about  600. 

Domagn^,  do^min'yi',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ille-et- 
Vilaino,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Vitr6.     Pop.  1827. 

Doinaize,  do^mfiz'  or  do^mAz',  a  village  of  Franco,  in 
Puy-de-Dome,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Clermont-Ferrand.    P.  1377. 

Domalain,  dohni*l4N'<»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ille-et- 
Vilainc,  22  miles  E.  of  Rennes.     Pop.  1190. 

Domanis,  do'mCh^neesh',  or  Domaiiisa,  do'moh^- 
nee'shoh\  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  30  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Trentschin.     It  contains  two  castles.     Pop.  525. 

Domart,  do^mau',  a  town  of  France,  in  Somme,  14 
miles  N.W.  of  Amiens.     Pop.  1345. 

Doniazlicze,  the  Bohemian  name  of  Tauss. 

Dombai,  dom'bi',  a  village  of  Asia  Minor,  60  miles  "W. 
of  Akshehr.     Near  it  are  many  ancient  remains. 

Dombaslc,  diw^bM',  a  village  of  France,  in  Meurthe- 
et-Moselle,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Nancy. 

Dombes,  or  La  Dombes,  15.  d^Mb,  an  old  division 
of  France,  in  Burgundy,  and  now  in  the  department  of  Ain. 

Dom'bovar',  a  town  of  Hungary,  30  miles  by  rail 
W.N.W.  of  Battaszek.     Pop.  1650. 

Dom^brovit'za,  or  Dom^brovit'zy,  a  town  of  Rus- 
sia, in  Volhynia,  150  miles  N.N.W.  of  Zhitomeer.     P.  2660. 

Dombrowice,  dom-bro-veet'si,  a  town  of  Russian 
Poland,  84  miles  W.  of  Warsaw.     Pop.  1290. 

Dombrowno,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Gilgenbeuo. 

Domburg,  dora'bilnG,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Zealand,  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  island  of  Walcheren,  6i 
miles  N.W.  of  Middelburg.     Pop.  857. 

Domefrontium,  the  Latin  for  Domfront. 

Dome  Mountain,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  near  lat.  40°  N.  and  Ion.  107°  W.  Altitude, 
12,498  feet. 

Dom^ne,  do^min'  or  do^main',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Isere,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Grenoble.     Pop.  1484. 

Domenica,  a  West  Indian  island.     See  Dominica. 

Dom6rat,  dom'd'rd',  a  village  of  France,  in  Allier,  3 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Montlugon.     P.  857;  of  commune,  3506. 

Domfront,  doM^friNo'  (L.  Domefron'tuim),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Orne,  on  a  steep  rock,  near  the  Varenne,  13 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Flers.  It  has  a  fine  old  church,  also 
manufactories  of  coarse  linen  and  hemp  cloths,  and  11  large 
annual  horse-  and  cattle-fairs.  Domfront  was  founded  early 
in  the  eleventh  century,  and  was  formerly  a' coveted  strong- 
hold.    Pop.  2735. 

Domfront,  a  village  of  France,  in  Sarthe,  11  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Le  Mans.     Pop.  1417. 


Dominica,  or  Domenica,  dom-e-nee'ka  (Fr.  Domi- 
nique, dom-e-neek'),  a  British  West  Indian  island,  colony 
of  the  Leeward  Islands,  in  lat.  15°  25'  N.,  Ion.  61°  15'  W., 
is  29  miles  long  and  16  miles  in  breadth.  Area,  291  square 
miles.  Only  a  small  part  is  arable,  the  surface  being  rough 
and  broken.  Volcanic  rocks  and  hot  springs  abound,  and 
large  deposits  of  sulphur  are  reported.  The  island  is  well 
timbered  and  well  watered,  and  the  arable  parts  are  very 
fertile.  Sugar,  molasses,  rum,  coffee,  cacao,  and  copper  ore 
are  exported.  The  people  are  generally  Catholics,  of  French 
descent.  The  island  has  its  own  legislature  and  executive 
oSicers.  Telegraph  lines  connect  it  with  the  other  islands 
and  the  mainland.     Capital,  Roseau.     Pop.  30,000. 

Dominica,  Marquesas  Islands.    See  Hivaoa.  j 

Dominican  Republic.    See  Santo  Domingo. 

Dpmitz,  do'mits,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Mecklenburg- 
Sehwerin,  33  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Schwerin,  at  the  confluence 
of  the  Elde  with  the  Elbe.  It  has  manufactures  of  tobacco, 
also  distilleries  and  breweries.     Pop.  2650. 

Domme,  dom,  a  village  of  France,  in  Dordogne,  on 
the  Dordogne,  53  miles  S.E.  of  Pfirigueux.     Pop.  1996. 

Dom'mel  (anc.  Duthmclat),  a  river  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  North  Brabant.  After  a  tortuous  northern  course 
of  45  miles,  it  joins  the  Meuse  at  Fort  Crevecoeur. 

Dommitzsch,  dom'mitch,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Torgau.     Pop.  1951. 

Domnau,  dom'now,  a  town  of  Prussia,  23  miles  S.E. 
of  Konigsberg.     It  has  an  ancient  castle.     Pop.  2281. 

Dome  d'Ossola,  do'mo  dos'so-l4  (L.  Oscela  or  Osce- 
lum),  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  Simplon  route,  near  the  Swiss 
frontier,  and  16  miles  N.W.  of  Lago  Maggiore.     Pop.  3327. 

Dompairc,  d6M'pdR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vosges,  7 
miles  S.E.  of  Mirocourt,  has  lace-manufactures.    Pop.  1421. 

Dompierre,  d6M*pe-aiR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Allier, 
16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Moulins.     Pop.  2229. 

Dompierre,  a  village  of  France,  in  Charente-Infdri- 
eure,  6  miles  N.E.  of  La  Rochelle.     Pop.  1858. 

Dompierre,  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute-Viennc,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Bellac.     Pop.  1666. 

Domremy,  diMVfim'ee  or  diK»V§h-mee',  or  Doin 
remy-la-Pucelle,  d6s<''r?h-mee'-li-pii*sfiir,  a  village 
of  France,  in  Vosges,  7  miles  N.  of  Neufchateau,  on  the 
Mouse.  It  is  the  native  place  of  Joan  of  Arc,  whose  house 
is  preserved  as  a  national  relic.  Opposite  to  it  is  a  monu- 
ment, with  a  colossal  bust  of  the  heroine.     Pop.  339. 

Domriansk,  dom-re-dnsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment and  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Perm. 

Do'mus,  a  town  of  British  India,  presidency  of  Bom- 
bay, 16  miles  S.W.  of  Surat,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Taptee  in 
the  Gulf  of  Cambay. 

Don  (anc.  Ta'nais;  Tartar,  Z>oo')io),  a  river  of  Euro]»ean 
Russia,  rises  in  the  government  of  Toola.  in  Lake  Ivan, 
which  also  sends  a  tributary  to  the  Volga,  flows  gener- 
ally S.,  passes  Dankov,  Lebedian,  Cherkask,  Nakhchivnn, 
Azof,  and  Rostov,  and  enters  the  Sea  of  Azof  by  many 
mouths  on  the  N.E.  Chief  affluents  on  tho  right,  the  Sosna 
Bystraia,  the  Sosna  Tikhaia,  and  the  Donets;  left,  the 
Voronezh,  Khoper,  Medvieditza,  Sal,  and  Manitch.  Length, 
direct,  468  miles;  including  windings,  1325  miles.  The 
navigation  of  tho  Don  is  difficult  in  summer,  when  tho 
water  is  low;  in  winter  the  river  is  often  frozen;  but  at 
other  times  it  is  traversed  by  large  vessels.  The  Don  and 
the  Voronezh  communicate  by  canals  with  the  Oka,  an  afilu- 
ent  of  the  Volga,  and  thus  unite  the  Sea  of  Azof  to  the 
Caspian.  The  delta  of  the  Don  is  an  expanse  of  sandy  flats, 
running  28  miles  up,  and  22  miles  wide  at  the  coast-line. 
Drainage-area,  170,000  square  miles.  It  is  the  fourth  in 
rank  of  the  great  rivers  of  Europe. 

Don,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West  Riding, 
rises  in  tho  moors  W.  of  Penniston,  and  joins  the  Ouse  after 
a  course  of  55  miles.  It  is  navigable  from  Sheffield.  It 
communicates  by  canals  with  the  Trent  and  the  Calder. 

Don,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Aberdeen,  rises  in  Ben 
Avon,  and  enters  the  North  Sea  H  miles  N.  of  Aberdeen, 
after  a  course  of  62  miles.  Its  banks  are  mostly  level,  except 
in  the  last  part  of  its  course,  where  it  flows  rapidly  through 
a  narrow  channel;  and  it  is  navigable  from  the  sea  only  for 
a  short  distance.     Its  salmon-fisheries  are  important. 

Don,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railway,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Don,  1|  miles  E 
of  Toronto.     Pop.  150. 

Don,  d6N»,  a  river  of  Franco,  in  Maine-et-Loiro  and 
Ille-et-Vilaine,  joins  the  Vilaine  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Redon, 
after  a  AV.  course  of  40  miles,  for  10  of  which  it  is  navigable. 

Dona  Anna,  New  Mexico.    See  Donna  Ana. 

Donabate,  don-a-bait',  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  and 
lOi  miles  by  rail  N.NIE.  of  Dublin.     Pop.  of  parish,  3.S8. 


BON 


1046 


DbN 


D*ii«kew«  er  Doaabae,  donVl^OS  *  t<>^  <*'  Britkh 
Hannah,  oa  the  Imwaddy,  M  milM  N.W.  of  Rangoon ; 
tiia  M«n«  af  BritUh  deftaU  in  18M  and  18(3.     Pop.  3921. 

Doaaf  hadec,  don>-H&-de«'  or  don>-g%-dee',  a  town 
of  Ireland,  eo.  of  Down,  on  the  Irish  Channel,  10^  miles 
by  rail  E.N.K.  of  HeinuL  It  U  well  built,  and  has  a  good 
harbor.  Kmbnudoring  is  carried  on,  and  in  the  town  are 
flax-niills.    Stoumors  ply  henoato  Port  Putriok.    Pop.  2220. 

Doa'akue,  a  village  of  Sonoma  oo.,  Cal.,  on  an  inlet 
at  the  Bay  of  San  Pablo,  and  on  the  San  Francisco  <k  North 
fMifle  Railroad,  3  i  milos  N.  of  San  Francisco.  Stoatnboats 
ply  between  that  city  and  Donahue,  where  passengers  are 
transferred  from  the  boat  to  the  oars.  It  has  a  hotel  and 
tome  wortishops  of  the  railroad  company. 

Donahue,  a  post-hamlot  of  Soott  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Davenport  <k  St.  Paul  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Davenport. 

Doa'alds,  a  post-village  of  Abbeville  eo.,  B.C.,  40 
miles  by  riiil  S.  of  Greenville,  and  14  miles  (direct)  N.  of 
Abbeville  Court-llouse.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  216. 

Don'aldsoiif  a  post-humlet  of  Hot  Spring  co.,  Ark., 
on  the  Cairo  A  Fulton  Railroad,  64  miles  S.W.  of  Little 
Rook.     It  has  a  church. 

Donaldson,  a  post-offlce  and  station  of  Marshall  eo., 
Ind.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago  Railroad,  7 
miles  W.  of  Plymouth.     It  has  2  churches. 

Donaldson,  a  post-village  of  Schuylkill  oo.,  Pa.,  32 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Lebanon.  It  has  3  churches.  It  is 
mainly  supported  by  operations  in  coal,  which  is  mined 
here.     Pop.  in  1890,  958. 

Don'aldsonville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ascension 
parish.  La.,  on  the  right  or  W.  bank  of  the  Mississippi 
River,  and  on  the  New  Orleans  A  Texas  Railroad,  nbout  80 
miles  by  river  (63  by  rail)  above  New  Orleans.  It  has  7 
churches  and  a  newspaper  oflSce.     Pop.  in  1890,  3121. 

Donald sville.  South  Carolina.    See  Do.xalds. 

Don'ally's  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Perry  oo.,  Pa.,  4  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Millerstown.  It  has  a  church,  2  grist-mills,  and 
2  saw-mills. 

Donas,  a  village  of  Italy.    See  Donnaz. 

Dona'tion,  a  post-hamlct  of  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.,  8 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Huntingdon. 

Donau,  a  river  of  Europe.     See  Danubb. 

Donnueschingen,  do'n6w-4:ih'ing-?n,  a  town  of  Ger- 
many, in  Baden,  at  a  railway  junction,  37  miles  N.W.  of 
Constance,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Brigoch  and  Brege.  It 
is  well  built,  and  has  a  gymnasium  and  a  fine  residence  of 
Prince  FUrstcnberg,  in  the  court-yard  of  which  is  a  spring 
hoUl  by  some  to  bo  the  source  of  the  Danube.     Pop.  3366. 

Donaustauf,  do'now-stSwr,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  Upper 
Palatinate,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  AVorth,  on  tho  left  bank  of 
the  Danube.     Near  it  is  the  Walhalla  temple.     Pop.  1059. 

Donauwdrth,  do'now-^t-Snt*,  written  also  Donau- 
wcrth,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Swabia,  at  the  confluence  of 
the  Wcrnitz  with  the  Danube,  and  at  a  railway  junction, 
25  miles  N.N.W.  of  Augsburg.  It  was  formerly  a  free 
town.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  several  churches  and 
hospitals,  and  a  monastery.  Its  inhabitants  are  mostly  em- 
ployed in  raising  fruits,  flax,  hemp,  and  hops,  in  brewing, 
and  in  a  transit  trade  on  the  Danube.     Pop.  3758. 

Don  Ucnito,  don  bi-nee'to,  a  town  of  Spain,  57  miles 
by  rail  E.N.K.  of  Badajos,  near  tho  Guadiana.     Pop.  4836. 

Donc'aster  (anc  Da'uum),  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
York,  AVest  Riding,  on  the  navigable  river  Don,  at  the 
junction  of  several  railways,  32  miles  S.  of  York.  It  is 
pleasantly  situated,  and  is  ono  of  tho  cleanest  and  best- 
Duilt  towns  in  the  kingdom.  The  High  street  is  remarkably 
handsome.  The  chief  edifices  arc  the  parish  church,  a  noble 
structure,  with  a  tower;  Christ  church,  a  grammar-school, 
St.  Thomas's  Hospital,  a  large  county  deaf  and  dumb  insti- 
tution, the  town  hall,  jail,  and  cross,  a  public  library,  thea- 
tre, lyceum,  branch  banks,  and  numerous  hotels.  Here  is  a 
celebrated  race-course.  In  1776  the  famous  St.  Legcr  stakes 
for  three-year-olds  were  founded  by  Colonel  St.  Leger,  and 
they  have  been  since  annually  run  for  in  September  by  the 
best  horses  in  England.     Pop.  in  1891,  26,936. 

Donc'aster,  a  post-hamlet  of  Charles  co.,  Md.,  near 
the  I'otomac  River,  36  miles  S.S.E.  of  Washington,  D.C. 

Donc'aster,  or  Todmordeu,  a  post-village  of  York 
00..  Ontario,  2  miles  from  Toronto.     Pop.  150.. 

Donchcry,  dAso'sh?h-ree',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ar- 
dennes, on  tho  .M eusc,  and  on  a  railway,  3  miles  W.  of  Sedan. 
It  is  surrounded  with  walls,  and  Wivs  formerly  strongly  forti- 
fied. On  a  large  open  space  aro  a  town  hall  and  a  residence 
for  a  miliUry  governor.  It  has  a  hospital  and  cavalry 
barracks.     Pop.  2147. 

Dou  Cossacks,  Country  of  the.    S«e  Cossacks. 


Don'dra  Head  (anc.  Dennndre,  i.e.,  "island's  end"), 
the  southernmost  extremity  of  Ceylon.  Lat.  5°  55'  N.; 
Ion.  80"  38'  E. 

Donegal,  don-e-gawl',  a  county  of  Ireland,  in  Ulster, 
having  E.  and  S.  the  counties  of  Londonderry,  Tyrone,  and 
Fermanagh,  and  on  other  sides  Donegal  Bay  and  tho  At- 
lantio.  Area,  1870  square  miles,  one-third  arable.  Surface 
mountainous;  principal  rivers,  tho  Swilly  and  Leenan. 
Shores  greatly  indente<l,  and  the  county  contains  Loughs 
Swilly  and  Mulroy,  with  Sheophaven,  Oweodore,  (Juibarro, 
and  Lochrus  Bays,  and  many  islands  off  the  coast.  The 
inland  lakes  are  numerous;  the  largest  is  Lough  Dcrg. 
Principal  towns,  Ballyshannon  and  Letterkenny,  with  the 
ports  of  Ramclton,  Donegal,  and  K  illy  begs.  The  ct)unty 
sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Capital, 
Lifl"ord.    Pop.  in  1871,  218,334;  in  1891.  185,211. 

Donegal,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Donegal,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Esk,  in  Donegal  Bay,  11  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bal- 
lyshannon. It  is  ill  built,  but  has  a  neat  church,  sulphur 
baths,  and  the  ruins  of  a  monastery.  Pop.  1422.  Donkgal 
Bay  is  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantic,  extending  inwards  about  25 
miles ;  breadth  at  entrance,  20  miles. 

Donegal,  don'e-gawl',  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Pa. 
Pop.  852,  exclusive  of  Millerstown. 

Donegal,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  contains 
Claysville,  Coon  Island,  and  West  Alexander.     Pop.  2068. 

Donegal,  a  post- village  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  in 
Donegal  township,  about  42  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has 
3  churches  and  a  graded  school.  Pop.  192;  of  tho  town- 
ship, 1112. 

Donegal,  a  post-village  of  Perth  co.,  Ontario,  3  miles 
from  Ncwry.     Pop.  100. 

Don'elson,  a  post-villago  of  Davidson  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Tennessee  &  Pacific  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Nashville. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  ploughs  and  wagons. 
It  is  also  called  McWhirtersvillc.     Pop.  about  100. 

Don'elton,  a  post-ofiico  of  Hunt  co.,  Tex. 

Donerail',  a  station  in  Fayette  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Cin- 
cinnati Southern  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Lexington. 

Doneraile,  don'^r-ail',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Cork, 
on  the  Awbeg,  6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Mallow.  It  has  a  neat 
church,  large  Catholic  chapel,  nunnery,  dispensary,  and 
market-house.     Pop.  1314. 

Do'ner's,  a  station  on  the  Harrlsburg  &  Potomao 
Railroad,  29  miles  S.W.  of  Harrisburg,  Pa. 

Donets,  or  Donetz,  do-n4ts',  a  river  of  Southern 
Russia,  and  the  principal  affluent  of  the  Don,  rises  in  tho 
government  of  Koorsk,  flows  mostly  S.E.  through  the  gov- 
ernment of  Kharkov  and  the  Don  Cossack  country,  and 
joins  the  Don  on  the  right,  40  miles  N.E.  of  Novo-Cher- 
kask,  after  a  course  of  400  miles.  It  is  wide  and  deep,  and 
its  banks  are  highly  fertile.  Principal  afilucnts,  tho  Oskol, 
Aidar,  and  Kalitva, — all  from  the  N.  On  its  banks  are  the 
towns  of  Biclgorod,  Smiov,  Izioom,  and  Slavianoserbsk. 

Dongen,  dong'n^n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
North  Brabant,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Breda.     Pop.  3874. 

Dongcs,  d^Nzh,  a  market-town  of  France,  in  Loire- 
Inffirieure,  25  miles  N.N.W.  of  Nantes.     Pop.  2890. 

Dong-Nai,  dong-ni'  (Fr.  Donnai,  ddn*ni',  or  Blen- 
Iloa),  a  river  of  French  Cochin  China,  rising  in  Anam,  and 
forming,  with  the  Saigon  and  other  streams,  a  joint  delta- 
system  with  many  mouths,  two  of  the  outlets  being  navi- 
gable for  large  ships. 

Dongo,  a  country  of  Africa.     See  AjfcotA. 

Don'go  (anc.  Adun'cum  t),  a  village  of  Northern  Italy, 
20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Como,  at  the  foot  of  a  mountain  which 
rises  above  the  W.  shore  of  Lake  Como.     Pop.  1341. 

Dongola,  dong'go-lS.,  a  province  of  Upper  Nubia,  lying 
between  lat.  17°  50'  and  19*  30  N.  It  consists  of  an  exten- 
sive plain,  about  180  miles  long,  but  of  a  limited  breadth, 
embracing  both  banks  of  the  Nile,  by  which  it  is  traversed 
throughout  its  entire  length,  encircling  in  its  course  the 
island  of  Argo.  It  was  taken  from  the  Memlooks  by  Ibra- 
him Pasha  in  1820. Inhab.  Dosgolawee,  dong-go-li'- 

weo.     See  New  Dongola  and  Old  Dongola. 

Dongo'la,  a  post-village  of  Union  co..  111.,  in  Dongola 
township,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  27  miles  N.  of 
Cairo.  It  has  3  churches,  2  flour-mills,  a  saw-mill,  and  a 
machine-shop.     Pop.  of  the  township,  3095. 

Dongola,  a  hamlet  of  Gibson  co.,  Ind.,  on  Patoka 
Creek,  14  miles  E.  of  Princeton. 

Donington,  England.    See  Donnington. 

Don'ington  Castle,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Leicester,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Derby.     Pop.  2154. 

Don'iphan,  the  northeastern  most  county  of  Kansas, 
has  an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  and  E.  by  the  Missouri  Rivor,  and  intersected  bv 


DON* 


1047 


DOO 


Wolf  River.  The  surface  is  partly  undulating,  and  diversi- 
$ed  with  prairies,  bluffs,  and  forests,  which  grow  on  the 
river  bottoms.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  An  excel- 
lent quality  of  limestone  and  sandstone  are  found  in  the 
eastern  portion  of  this  county,  and  good  potter's  clay  is  met 
with  in  the  N.W.  and  S.E.  sections.  It  has  beds  of  bitu- 
minous coal,  and  is  intersected  by  the  St.  Joseph  A  Grand 
Island  Railroad  and  the  Atchison  &  Nebraska  Railroad. 
Capital,  Troy.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,969;  in  1880,  14,257;  in 
1890,  1:5,535. 

Doniphan,  a  post-village  of  Doniphan  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  Atchison  <fc  Nebraska  Rail- 
road, 6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Atchison,  and  about  15  miles  S.W. 
of  St.  Joseph,  Mo.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a 
aaw-mill,  a  steam  flouring-mill,  and  manufactures  of  wine, 
%t  is  a  shipping-point  for  grain.     Pop.  in  1890,  347. 

Doniphan,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ripley  co.,  Mo.,  on 
the  Current  River,  about  75  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Ironton. 
It  has  3  churches  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  609. 

Doniphan,  a  post-village  of  Hall  co.,  Neb.,  12  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Grand  Island.  It  has  6  churches,  a  bank, 
a  graded  school,  brick-works,  <fcc.     Pop.  437. 

Don  Ja'an,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  Ind. 

Donkerbroek,  donk^^r-broSk',  a  village  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, in  Friesland,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Leeuwarden.     P.  670. 

Donkiah,  Himalaya  Mountains.    See  Dunkia. 

Donkov,  or  Donkow,  Russia.    See  Dankov. 

Donley,  a  station  in  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Alle- 
ghany Valley  Railroad,  31  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Donley,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Pa. 

Donmyer,  Kansas.    See  New  Cambria. 

Don'na  Ana  (or  Anna),  a  large  southeastern  county 
of  New  Mexico,  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Rio  Grande, 
and  intersected  by  the  Rio  Pecos.  The  surface  is  traversed 
by  several  mountain-ranges,  one  of  which  is  called  the  Gua- 
dalupe Mountains.  Here  are  also  large  arid  plains  or  table- 
lands, in  which  timber  and  water  are  scarce.  The  soil  in 
the  valleys  of  the  Rio  Grande  and  Rio  Pecos  is  fertile,  and 
produces  wheat,  maize,  and  pasturage  for  sheep.  It  is  in- 
tersected from  N.  to  S.  by  the  La  Junta  <fc  El  Paso  Branch 
of  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Railroad,  which  passes 
through  Las  Cruces,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in 
1870,  5864;  in  1880,  7C12;  in  1890,  9191. 

Donna  Ana,  a  village  of  Donna  Anaco.,  New  Mexico, 
on  the  east  bank  of  the  Rio  Grande,  about  10  miles  above 
Las  Cruces.  It  has  a  church,  a  manufactory  of  wine, 
and  general  stores  and  business  houses.  Pop.  in  1890  of 
Poena  Ana  township,  872. 

Donnai,  a  river  of  Cochin  China.    See  Dosg-Nai. 

Don'naldsville,  Abbeville  co.,  S.C.     See  Donalds. 

Don'nan,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad,  30  miles 
N.  of  Independence.  It  is  on  or  near  the  Davenport  &  St. 
Paul  Railroad. 

Donnaoe,  don'ni-o'?h,  an  island  of  Norway,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Ranen-Fiord.  It  is  about  IS  miles  long  by  6 
broad.     Lat.  of  the  centre,  66°  7'  N. ;  Ion.  12°  45'  E. 

Donnaz,  dbn'nhdz,  or  Donas,  do'nis,  a  village  of 
Italy,  province  of  Turin,  on  the  Dora  Baltea,  15  mllos 
N.N.W.  of  Ivrea.    Pop.  1648. 

Don'nellson,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co..  111., 
32  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Edwardsville,  and  9  miles  S.W. 
of  Hillsborough.  It  has  3  churches,  a  public  school,  a 
newspaper  office,  <fee.     Pop.  about  300. 

Do^ineilson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa,  22  miles 
by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Keokuk.     It  has  a  church. 

Don'nelly,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stevens  co.,  Minn.,  9 
miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Morris.     It  has  a  grain-elevator. 

Donnelly,  a  station  in  Butler  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Parker 
&  Karns  City  Railroad,  2  miles  from  Parker  Junction. 

Don'nel's  Chapel,  post-office,  Rutherford  co.,  Tenn. 

Don'nelsville,  a  post-village  of  Clark  co.,  0.,  3  miles 
from  Enon  Station,  and  about  18  miles  N.E.  of  Dayton. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  pottery,  and  lumber- 
mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  243. 

Don'ner  Lake,  California,  a  small  and  beautiful 
mountain-lake  in  Nevada  co.,  in  a  chasm  or  gorge  of  the 
Sierra  Nevada.  It  is  2  or  3  miles  E.  of  Truckce,  a  station 
on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  and  is  about  13  miles  N.W. 
of  Lake  Tahoe.     It  is  a  favorite  summer  resort. 

Don'nington,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  27  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Lincoln.  A  canal  connects  it  with  Boston.  Pop. 
of  parish,  1753. 

Don'nybrook,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Dublin, 
famous  for  its  annual  fair.  It  is  now  a  pajt  of  Pembroke, 
a  western  s^burb  of  Dublin.     Pop.  1853. 


Donnybrook,  Ontario.    See  Westover. 

Donobew,  British  Burmah.     See  Dosabew. 

Donohue,  California.    See  Donahue. 

Don'ovan,  a  post-village  of  Iroquois  co.,  111.,  in  Bearer 
township,  on  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  A  St.  Louis 
Railroad,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Kankakee,  and  10  miles  N.E.  of 
Watseka.  It  has  2  churches,  common  schools,  manufac- 
tures of  lumber,  and  general  stores.     Pop.  about  240. 

Dontreix,  d6N<»'tr4'  or  dixo'trix',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Creuse,  20  miles  E.  of  Aubusson.     Pop.  297. 

Donysa,  one  of  the  Grecian  islands.    See  Heraklia. 

Donzdorf,  donts'doRf,  a  town  of  Wiirtembcrg,  5  miles 
N.  of  Geislingen.     Pop.  1970. 

Donzenac,  d6s«^z?h-nik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Cor- 
reze,  5  miles  N.  of  Brivos-la-Gaillarde.     Pop.  1657. 

Donzere,  d6N>»^zaiR',  a  town  of  Prance,  in  Dr6me,  on 
the  Rhone,  35  miles  S.  of  Valence.     Pop.  1748. 

Donzy,  diNo'zee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nievre,  10  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Cosne.     Pop.  2560. 

Dooab,  in  India.    See  Doab. 

Dooany,  or  Douany,  doo-i'nee,  a  walled  town  of  the 
Comoro  Islands,  capital  of  Mohilla,  on  its  coast.  Lat.  12° 
17' S.;  Ion.  43°  46'  E. 

Doo^baunt',  or  Doo^baung'  (Indian,  Toohaun/j,  i.e., 
"  turbid  water"),  a  lake  of  Canada,  near  62°  N.  lat.  and  98' 
W.  Ion.     Doobaunt  River  is  a  small  stream  flowing  into  it. 

Doobosary,Doubosary,orDubosary,  doo^bo-zil'- 
rec,  written  also  Dubozari,  or  No'vie-Doobosary, 
a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Kherson,  on  the  Dniester, 
42  miles  N.W.  of  Tiraspol.     Pop.  6402. 

Doobovka,  Doubovka,  Dubovka,  doo-bov'kl,  or 
Dubovski-Posad,  doo-bov'skce-po-sid',  a  town  of  Rus- 
sia, government  and  180  miles  S.S.W.  of  Saratov,  on  the 
Volga.  It  has  a  prison,  a  hospital,  and  manufactures  and 
trade  in  tobacco,  soap,  tallow,  leather,  and  mustard.  Pop. 
12,737. 

Doobrovna,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Dubrovna. 

Dood^hoo',  a  fortified  town  of  India,  in  Jeypoor,  162 
miles  E.  of  Agra.     It  has  many  shops  and  a  large  trade. 

Dood^put'lee,  a  town  of  India,  in  Cachar,  40  miles  B. 
of  Sylhet. 

Doo'ish,  a  mountain  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Donegal,  10 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Lettcrkenny.     Height,  2143  feet. 

Dookovcheena,  Doukovtchina,  or  Diikov- 
tschina,  doo-kov-chce'ni,  written  also  Duchowsch- 
tschina,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  32  miltjs  N.E. 
of  Smolensk.     Pop.  3550. 

Doo'le'a,  a  town  of  British  India,  district  of  Candeish. 
Lat.  21°  1'  N.;  Ion.  74°  47'  E. 

Doo'little's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Porry  co.,  Ind., 
in  Oil  township,  about  48  miles  W.  of  New  Albany.  It 
has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Doo'ly,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Georgia, 
has  un  area  of  about  705  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  Flint  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and 
is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees. 
The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Georgia 
Southern  &  Florida  Railroad.  Capital,  Vienna.  Pop.  in 
1870,  9790;  in  1880,  12,420;  in  1890,  18,146.        • 

Doomairah,  or  Dnmaira,  doo-mi'r&,  an  island  in 
the  Red  Sea,  in  lat.  14°  N.,  Ion.  43°  30'  E.,  of  great  height. 

Doon,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  flowing  from 
Loch  Doon,  in  a  N.N.W.  course  of  about  18  miles,  into  the 
Firth  of  Clyde,  3  miles  S.  of  Ayr.  The  name  of  this  beau- 
tiful stream  has  been  immortalized  by  Burns. 

Doon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lyon  co.,  Iowa,  on  Rock  River, 
and  on  2  railroads,  12  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Lester,  and 
12  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Rock  Rapids.  It  has  4  churches,  2 
banks,  a  newspaper  office,  and  graded  schools.     Pop.  500. 

Do.on,  a  post-village  of  Waterloo  co.,  Ontario,  7  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Berlin.     Pop.  150. 

Doona,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Dox. 

Doondwaragunge,orDundwaragan,j,doon'dw&- 
rl-giinj',  a  town  of  the  Etah  district,  India.     Pop.  5414. 

Doon'gurpoor',  a  town  of  India,  in  Rajpootnna,  48 
miles  S.  of  Odeypoor,  and  the  capital  of  a  small  rajahship, 
tributary  to  the  British. 

Door,  Dourj  or  Dur,  door  (rhyming  with  poor),  a 
town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  83  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bagdad,  on 
the  Tigris. 

Door,  Dour,  or  Dur,  door,  a  village  of  Persia,  in 
Irak-Ajemee,  75  miles  N.W.  of  Ispahan. 

Door,  dor,  a  northeastern  county  of  Wisconsin,  has  an 
area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  a  long,  narrow  pen- 
insula, bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  Lake  Michigan  and  on  the 
^N.W.  by  Green  Bay.  A  large  part  of  the  surface  is  covered 


DOO 


1048 


POR 


witb  foFMU.  Th«  Mil  produoea  wheat,  oats,  fruit,  poUtoea, 
aad  gn»».  Lake  Kan^ruo  i*  •itunted  in  the  northern  por- 
tion of  the  county.  CapiUl,  Sturgeon  Uay.  Pop.  in  1070, 
4ai»;  in  1880,  11,645;  in  18»U,  16,683. 

Doorv.a  tawn«hip  of  Uuffulo  oo..  Wii.     Pop.  674. 

Doorak«  Doarak«  or  Durak,  doo'r&lc,  written  also 
Dorakf  dO'rilc.  a  town  of  Persia,  in  Khoozistan,  200 
miles  S.W.  of  Ispahan,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Jerahi  and 
Doorak  Rivers.  It  has  manufactures  of  silk  handkerchiefs 
and  Arabian  cloaks.    Pop.  80U0. 

Door  Creekt  a  post-hauilet  of  Dane  oo.,  AVis.,  about 
10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Madison. 

DoorOf  dorn,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  11  miles 
B.S.E.  of  Utrecht.     Pop.  1163. 

Doorncburg,  dOii'n^h-bilRO^  or  Dornenburg,  don'- 
n(n-buita\  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Uelderland,  8 
miles  E.N'.E.  of  Nyrawcgen. 

Doornikf  the  Flemish  name  of  Tournat. 

Doornspyk,  duRn'spiko,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
In  Geldorlnnd,  on  the  Zuyder  Zee,  li  miles  S.W.  of  Elburg. 

Door  (dur)  Village,  a  post-village  of  La  Porte  co., 
Ind.,  in  Scipio  township,  about  13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Michigan 
City.     It  has  2  churches. 

Dooshak,  a  town  of  Seistan.    See  Jrlalabad. 

Doostce,  or  Dustec,  doos'tee^  written  also  Dusee, 
Doost,  Doust)  and  Dust,  a  river  of  Boloochistan, 
province  of  Mckran,  enters  the  Arabian  Sea  in  lat.  25°  15' 
N..  Ion.  61°  50'  E.,  after  a  course  of  perhaps  1000  miles. 

Do'ra,  a  township  of  Moultrie  co..  III.  Pop.  V24.  It 
contains  Daltun  City. 

Dora,  a  post-village  of  Wabash  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Sala- 
monio  River,  about  33  miles  S.W.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  has 
2  churches. 

Dorat  a  post-hamlet  of  Coos  co.,  Oregon,  10  miles  S.E. 
of  Empire  City,  the  capital.     It  has  grist-  and  saw-mills. 

Dora,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co..  Pa.,  about  2  miles 
S.E.  of  Ringgold. 

Dora  Baltea,  do'ri  bil-ti'i  (anc.  Bn'n'a  Ma'jor),  a 
river  of  Itivly,  in  Piedmont,  rises-  at  the  foot  of  the  Little 
St.  Bernard,  and,  after  an  E.  and  S.E.  course  of  nearly  90 
miles,  joins  the  Po  near  Crcscentino. 

Dorak,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Doorak. 

Dorama,  do-rilL'ra&,  a  town  of  Central  Arabia,  in  Ncd- 
jod,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Derayeh.  It  is  a  place  of  provision- 
ing for  the  Mecca  caravans.     Pop.  7700. 

Doran,  doVHn',  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  Yemen,  30  miles 
S.  of  Sana.     It  has  some  remarkable  tombs. 
.  Do'ran,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.,  Iowa. 

Doran,  a  station  in  Wilkin  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  St.  Paul 
A  Pacific  Railroad,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Breckcnridge. 

Doran,  a  station  in  Johnson  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri 
Pacific  Railroad,  40  miles  W.  of  Sedalia. 

Dorang,  a  district  of  India.    See  Durrung. 

Dora  Kipaira,  do'ri  re-pi'ri  (anc.  Du'ria  Mi'nor),  a 
river  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  rises  in  the  Cottian  Alps,  and, 
after  an  E.  course  of  60  miles,  joins  the  Po  near  Turin. 

Do'raville,  a  post-village  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Atlanta  <fc  Richmond  Air- Lino  Railroad,  15  miles  N.E.  of 
Atlanta.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  several 
general  sft)res  and  other  business  concerns. 

Doraville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  near  the 
Susquehanna  River,  about  20  miles  E.  of  Binghamton. 

Dor'cheat'  (or  Dauchite,  daw-cheat')  Bayon, 
bl'oo,  rises  in  Arkansas,  and  runs  southward  through  Co- 
lumbia CO.  into  Louisiana.-  Continuing  in  the  same  direc- 
tion, it  intersects  Webster  parish,  and  enters  the  north  end 
of  Lake  Bistineau.  It  is  about  100  miles  long.  Steamboats 
navigate  the  lower  part  of  this  bayou. 

Dor^cheat',  a  post-office  of  Webster  parish.  La. 

Dor'chester  (anc.  Dumovaria,  and  hurinum;  Saxon, 
Dornceaster,  probably  a  corruption  of  Durini  Va»tra,  i.e., 
the  "  Station  of  Durinum"),  a  town  of  England,  capital  of 
Dorset,  on  the  Frome,  at  a  railway  junction,  8  miles  N.  of 
Weymouth,  and  140  miles  by  rail  S.AV.  of  London.  It  is  sur- 
rounded by  fine  avenues,  and  handsomely  built,  the  poorer 
edifices  being  confined  to  the  adjoining  village,  Fordington. 
It  has  3  churches  (one  of  which — St.  Peter's — is  an  ancient 
structure,  containing  some  curious  monuments),  a  grammar- 
school,  several  ancient  poor's  hospitals,  a  county  hospital, 
workhouse,  a  handsome  town  hall  with  market-house,  shire 
ball,  county  jail  and  house  of  correction,  barracks,  theatre, 
banks,  and  several  interesting  Roman  remains,  including 
traces  of  the  ancient  walls.  In  the  close  vicinity  of  the 
town  are  two  entrenched  stations,  amd  the  amphitheatre 
of  Maumbury,  the  most  perfect  in  the  kingdom.  Dorchester 
Has  a  flourishing  retail  trade,  breweries,  and  large  fairs  for 
■beep  and  lambs.     Pop.  in  1891,  7946. 


Dorchester  (ano.  Durodna  or  Dorodna),  a  village  of 
England,  co.  and  0  miles  S.S.E.  of  O.xford,  on  the  Thames, 
here  crossed  by  a  stone  bridge.     Pop.  of  parish,  lUa.'i. 

Dor'chester,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Maryland, 
has  an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  the  Choptank  River,  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Nanticoke 
River,  and  on  the  W.  by  Chesapeake  Bay.  The  surface  is 
nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  and 
marshes.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  oats  are  the  staple  ]>roduct4 
of  the  soil.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Dorchester 
A  Delaware  Railroad.  Capital,  Cambridge.  Pop.  in  1870, 
19,458;  in  1880,  23,110;  in  1890,  24,843. 

Dorchester,  a  post-village  of  Liberty  oo.,  Qa.,  near  an 
inlet  of  the  ocean,  about  37  miles  S.S.W.  of  Savannah.  It 
has  a  church,  and  separate  schools  for  white  and  colored. 

Dorchester,  a  post-village  of  Macoupin  co..  III.,  41 
miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  public  school,  and  general  business  houses.     Pop.  104. 

Dorchester,  a  pust-village  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Waterloo  township,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Lansing.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  llouring-mill. 

Dorchester,  a  former  town  of  Suffolk  co.,  Mass.,  Bitu> 
ated  on  Massachusetts  Bay,  4  miles  S.  of  Boston,  on  the  Old 
Colony  Railroad  and  the  New  York  &  New  England  Rail- 
road. It  is  now  the  16th  ward  of  Boston,  to  which  it  was 
annexed  in  1869.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  oy  the  Neponset 
River,  has  a  hilly  surface,  and  presents  picturesque  scenery. 
Here  are  extensive  manufactures  of  various  articles,  and 
many  fine  country-seats.  Dorchester  post-office  is  now  a 
branch  of  Boston  post-office.     Pop.  in  1890,  18,048. 

Dorchester,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saline  oo.,  Neb.,  28  miles 
by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks,  a 
high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  several  general  stores 
and  business  concerns.     Pop.  540. 

Dorchester,  a  post-township  of  Grafton  co.,  N.II., 
15  miles  W.  of  Plymouth.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  689. 

Dorchester,  a  village  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Maurice  River  township,  on  Maurice  River,  3  miles  from 
Manamuskin  Station,  and  9  miles  S.  of  Millville.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  graded  school.  It  is  mainly  supported  by 
ship-building  and  the  oyster-trade.     Pop.  nearly  400. 

Dorchester,  a  decayed  village  of  Colleton  co.,  S.C,  18 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Charleston.  This  is  the  principal  scene  of 
the  romantic  tale  of  "The  Partisan,"  by  Simms. 

Dorchester,  a  post-village  of  Clark  co.,  Wis.,  in  May- 
ville  township,  on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  222  miles 
N.W.  of  Milwaukee.  It  has  2  churches,  a  lumber-mill,  a 
chair-factory,  and  a  graded  school. 

Dorchester,  a  county  of  Quebec,  bordering  upon 
Maine.  Area,  912  square  miles.  Capital,  Sainte  Ilencdine. 
Pop.  17,776. 

Dor'chester,  a  port  of  entry  and  capital  of  Westmore- 
land CO.,  Now  Brunswick,  on  the  Petitcodiac  River,  near  its 
entrance  into  Shepody  Bay,  12  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Sack- 
ville,  and  116  miles  N.E.  of  St.  John.  The  river  is  navi- 
gable for  ships  of  any  size.  The  town  contains,  besides  the 
county  buildings,  a  number  of  stores  and  hotels,  3  churches, 
and  a  telegraph  office.  It  ships  fine  gray  sandstone  to  the 
United  States.  A  valuable  mineral,  called  albertite,  or 
"jet  coal,"  is  mined  in  its  vicinity,  and  is  employed  in 
gas-works.     Pop.  800. 

Dorchester,  Ontario.    See  Putnam. 

Dorchester,  Quebec.    See  St.  Johns. 

Dorchester  Station,  or  Ed'u'ardsburgh,  a  post- 
village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  10  miles  by  rail  E.  by 
N.  of  London.     Pop.  200. 

Dordogne,  dorMon'  (Fr.  pron.  doRMoR'),  a  depart- 
ment in  the  S.E.  of  France,  between  the  departments  of 
Haute- Vienne,  Charente,  Charente-Infdrieure,  Gironde,  Lot- 
et-(iaronne.  Lot,  and  Corrfize.  Capital,  Perigucux.  Area, 
3545  square  miles.  The  chief  rivers  are  the  Dordogne, 
V6z6rc,  Haute- Vdz«!re,  and  Isle.  The  surface  in  many 
parts  is  uncultivated  and  has  numerous  marshes.  The 
soil,  generally  dry  and  sandy,  is  rich  in  minerals,  including 
iron,  copper,  lead,  coal,  manganese,  and  lithographic  stones ; 
the  department  also  has  marble-quarries  and  mineral  springs. 
The  principal  manufactures  are  iron,  serges,  hosiery,  paper, 
brandy,  and  liqueurs.     Pop.  in  1891,  478,471. 

Dordogne  (anc.  Dura'niut  and  Dordo'nia  ?),  a  river 
in  the  S.W.  of  France,  is  formed  by  the  junction  of  the 
Dor  and  the  Dogne,  in  the  department  of  Puy-de-Dome, 
and,  after  a  course  of  220  miles,  joins  the  Garonne  13  mile* 
N.  of  Bordeaux. 

Dordongnm,  the  Latin  name  of  DocnDAif. 

Dordracum,  the  Latin  name  of  Dort. 

Dordrecht,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.    Sec  Dobt 

Dore,  Mount,  in  France.    See  Mom  Dor. 


DOR 


1049 


DOR 


Dorebat,  doV?-ba,t',  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  Yemen,  45 
miles  E.N. E.^  of  Mocha. 

Dore  I'Eglise,  don  li'gleez',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Puy-de-DOme,  12  miles  S.  of  Ambert.     Pop.  446. 

Dorey,  Dorei,  Dori,  Doreh,  do'r?h,  called  also 
Do'ry  Harbor,  a  town  of  Papua,  on  a  harbor  near  the 
N.W.  extremity  of  Geelvink  Bay.  It  is  wretchedly  built, 
and  consists  of  huts  standing  on  posts  in  the  water. 

Dorgali,  dou-gi'leo,  a  village  of  Sardinia,  62  miles 
B.S.E.  of  Sassari.    It  has  manufactures  of  silks.    Pop.  3991. 

Dorheim,  duu'hime,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse- 
Nassau,  16  miles  N.  of  Hanau,  on  the  AVetter.     Pop.  202. 

Do'ris,  an  eparchy  of  Greece,  in  the  nome  of  Phthiotis 
and  Phocis.     Capital,  Lidikori.     Pop.  20,187. 

Dorjeling,  India.     See  Darieelixg. 

Dorjeila,  dor-ydl'li,  a  village  of  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago, on  Wamma,  one  of  the  Aroo  Islands. 

Dor'king,  or  Dar'king,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Surrey,  in  a  valley  famed  for  its  beauty,  at  a  railway  junc- 
tion, 29  miles  S.S.W.  of  London.  It  contains  many  hand- 
some residences,  and  a  church,  containing  a  mausoleum  of  the 
Dukes  of  Norfolk.  The  trade  in  lime  and  chalk  from  ad- 
jacent pits  is  considerable.  Around  the  town  are  numerous 
fine  mansions.    It  gives  name  to  a  breed  of  fowls.    P.  5419. 

Doria,  don'li.  Upper  and  Lower,  two  contiguous  vil- 
lages of  Prussian  Saxony,  3  miles  S.S.W.  of  MUhlhausen. 
Total  pop.  2867. 

Dormagen,  don-mi'gh§n  (anc.  Bumomn'gus  ?),  a  vil- 
lage of  Rhenish  Prussia,  10  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Dussel- 
dorf.     Pop.,  with  surroundings.  2136. 

Dor'man,  a  post-office  of  Umatilla  co.,  Oregon. 

Dormans,  duu^n6>-<i',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Marne,  14  miles  W.  of  Epernay.     Pop.  1480. 
.  Dor'manstovvn,  a  post-hamlet  of  MiflSin  co..  Pa.,  3 
miles  N.W.  of  Wagner.     It  has  several  stores. 

Dor'mansville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Westerlo  township,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Albany.  It  has  a 
church. 

Dor'mer's,  a  station  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  1  mile  N.W. 
of  Port  Carbon,  on  the  Mill  Creek  &  Mine  Hill  Railroad. 

Dor'miney's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Irwin  co.,  Ga. 

Dornach,  doR'nik',  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Alsace, 
2i  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  MUlhausen.  Pop.  4750,  engaged 
in  cotton-spinning  and  weaving. 

Dornach,  doR'nik',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  19  miles 
N.  of  Soleure.  It  is  celebrated  for  the  victory  of  the  Swiss 
over  the  Austrians,  July  22,  1499. 

Dornbach,  donn'biK,  a  village  of  Lower  Austria,  3 
miles  N.W.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  990. 

Dornbirn,  doun'becRn,  Dornbiirn,  doRn'bilRn, 
Dornbiihren,  doRn'bii-r^n,  or  Dormbiirn,  doRm'biiRn, 
a  town  of  Austria,  in  Vorarlberg,  6  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Bre- 
genz.     Pop.  8508. 

Dornburg,  doRn'bSoRO,  a  town  of  Germany,  duchy  of 
Saxe-AVeimar,  15  miles  E.  of  Weimar,  on  tho  Saale.  It 
contains  three  castles,  one  of  which  was  often  the  residence 
of  Goethe.     Pop.  710. 

Dornceaster,  the  Saxon  for  Dorchester. 

Dorndorf,  donn'doRf,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  AVestphalia, 
20  miles  S.W.  of  Miinster,  on  the  Lippe,  It  contains  a 
Franciscan  monastery  and  a  hospital. 

Dornenburg,  Netherlands.     See  Doornebukg. 

Domes,  donn,  a  village  of  France,  in  Nievre,  21  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Nevers.     Pop.  1795. 

Domes,  dou'nfis,  a  town  of  Portugal,  on  the  Zezere,  14 
miles  N.E.  of  Thomar.     Pop.  1011. 

Dornhan,  doRn'hin,  or  Dornhem,  doRn'hfim,  a  town 
of  Wurtemberg,  40  miles  S.W.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1558. 

Dorno,  doR'no  (L.  Dor'mis),  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Pavia,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Mortara.     Pop.  4269. 

Dornoch,  dor'noK,  a  village  of  Scotland,  capital  of 
the  county  of  Sutherland,  on  Dornoch  Firth,  14  miles  N.  of 
Cromarty.  It  has  a  church,  elegantly  fitted  up,  and  fine 
remains  of  the  bishop's  castle.  It  unites  with  Kirkwall, 
Cromarty,  Dingwall,  Tain,  and  Wick  in  sending  one  member 
to  tho  House  of  Commons.     Pop.  625. 

Dornoch  Firth,  a  deep  inlet  of  the  North  Sea,  on  the 
N.E.  coast  of  Scotland,  between  the  counties  of  Sutherland 
and  Ross.     Breadth  of  entrance,  about  15  miles. 

Dorn's  Gold-Mine,  a  post-hamlet  of  Abbeville  co., 
B.C.,  22  miles  S.S.E.  of  Abbeville.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
gold-mine. 

Dorn'sife,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northumberland  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  Williamsport  <fc  Catawissa  division  of  the  Phila- 
delphia &  Reading  Railroad,  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Shamokin, 
and  8  miles  (direct)  S.  of  Sunbury.  It  has  a  hotel  and 
general  stores. 
67 


Dornstetten,doun'st5t-t?n  (anc.  rarocZit'dum/),  a  tow 
of  Wurtemberg,  35  miles  S.AV.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1018. 

Dornum,  doR'noom,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover, 
13  miles  N.AV.  of  Aurich.     Pop.  912. 

Dornus,  the  Latin  name  for  Dorno. 

Dorocina,  an  ancient  name  of  Dorchester  (Oxford). 

Dorogh,  doVog',  a  town  of  Hungary,  in  the  Haiduck 
district,  20  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Debreczin.     Pop.  8216. 

Dorogh,  do'rog',  Kis,  kish,  and  Nagy,  nodj  ("Littla 
and  Great  Dorogh"),  two  adjacent  villages  in  Hungary,  co. 
of  Tolna,  on  the  Sarviz,  which  is  here  navigable,  62  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Pesth.  Pop.  of  Kis  Dorogh,  1300  j  of  Nagy 
Dorogh,  2579. 

Dorogoboozh,  Dorogoboiy*  Dorogobush,  or 
Dorogobiij,  do-ro-go-boozh',  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment and  55  miles  E.N.E.  of  Smolensk,  capital  of  a  circle, 
on  the  Dnieper.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  is  well  built,  and 
has  numerous  churches,  a  fine  market-place,  a  ruined  cit- 
adel, and  a  b:^sk  general  trade.     Pop.  9099. 

Dorogoi,  Dorohoy,  Dorogoie,  or  Dorohoiu, 
do-ro-ho'ee,  a  town  of  Roumania,  75  miles  N.W.  of  Yassy. 
Pop.  8364, 

Doron,  do-r6N»',  a  small  river  in  Savoy,  which  rises  in 
the  Graian  Alps,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  45  miles, 
joins  the  Isere  on  the  left  at  Moutiers. 

Doros,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Imkermax. 

Dorosma,  do^rosh'moh\  a  village  of  Hungary,  Littla 
Cumania,  6  miles  by  rail  AV.N.W.  of  Szegedin.     Pop.  9688. 

Doroszio,  do*ros'lo\  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Bdcs,  8  miles  from  Zombor.     Pop.  2766. 

Dorp,  doRp,  a  thriving  town  of  Prussia,  on  the  Wipper, 
17  miles  N.E.  of  Cologne.  It  has  manufactures  of  paper, 
steel,  iron-wares,  tobacco,  <fec.     Pop.  11,380. 

Dorpat,  doR'pit,  or  Derpt,  dfiRpt  (L.  Torpa'tnm  and 
Ditrbe'tnin  ;  liuss.  Vun'eu'  or  Vooriev'),  called  also  Dorpt^ 
and  Tartoma,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Livonia,  on  the  Em- 
bach,  157  miles  N.E.  of  Riga.  Mean  temperature  of  the 
year,  41°.8  Fahr. ;  winter,  30°. 1 ;  summer,  63°.  It  has  a 
very  picturesque  appearance,  is  well  built  and  paved,  and 
comprises  a  town  proper  and  the  suburbs  of  St.  Petersburg, 
and  Riga.  Its  old  fortifications  have  been  converted  into 
ornamental  gardens  and  public  walks.  Principal  edifices, 
the  ancient  but  partly  ruined  cathedral,  tlie  government 
ofiices,  a  college  founded  in  1589,  a  normal  school,  a  veter- 
inary institution,  numerous  other  schools,  and  a  spacious 
market-house.  Its  celebrated  university,  founded  in  1632 
by  Gustavus  Adolphus  of  Sweden,  and  re-established  by 
Paul  I.,  is  one  of  the  principal  seats  of  learning  in  Russia, 
but  is  essentially  German  in  its  methods  and  spirit.  It 
has  an  extensive  library,  a  museum  of  arts,  an  observatory, 
and  a  botanic  garden.  It  is  the  chief  school  for  the  Prot- 
estant clergy  in  Russia.  Dorpat  is  an  ancient  city,  and  in 
the  thirteenth  century  was  admitted  among  the  Hanso 
Towns.  It  has  endured  many  sieges,  and  been  alternately 
Russian,  Polish,  Swedish,  and  again  Russian.     Pop.  30,000. 

Dorr,  a  township  of  McHenry  co..  111.  Pop.  2681.  It 
contains  Woodstock,  the  county  seat,  and  other  villages. 

Dorr,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  in  Dorr 
township,  on  the  Lake  Shore  <fc  Michigan  Southern  Rail- 
road, IS  miles  S.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  a  church,  2 
saw-mills,  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  about  250  ;  of  the  town- 
ship, 1594. 

Dor'rance,  a  post-village  of  Russell  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Bunker  Hill.  It 
has  several  church  organizations.     Pop.  about  275. 

Dorrance,  a  post-hamlet  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  in  Dor- 
rance  township,  about  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Wilkesbarre. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  742. 

Dorre  (dorr)  Island,  West  Australia,  is  15  miles  N. 
of  Dirk-Hartog  Island,  and  with  it  bounds  Shark  Bay  on 
the  W.     Lat.  25°  10'  S.     Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  20  miles. 

Dor'set,  or  Dorsetshire,  dor'set-shjr,  a  county  of 
England,  on  its  S.  coast,  bounded  N.AV.  by  the  co.  of  Som- 
erset, N.  by  AVilts,  E.  by  Hants,  W.  by  Devonshire,  and  S. 
by  tlie  English  Channel.  Area,  980  square  miles.  Surface 
in  the  N.  mostly  level;  in  the  centre,  traversed  by  chalk 
downs,  on  which  many  sheep  are  pastured ;  in  the  S.,  finely 
diversified  by  hill  and  dale ;  in  the  E.  are  some  wide  heaths. 
Principal  rivers,  the  Ivel,  Piddle,  Stour,  and  Frome.  Tho 
coast  on  the  S.  presents  the  islands  (so  called)  of  Portland 
and  of  Purbeck,  with  St.  Alban's  Head,  and,  on  the  S.E., 
Poole  harbor.  Portland  and  Purbeck  stone,  marble,  and 
potter's  clay  are  raised  in  large  quantities.  The  county 
forms  an  archdeaconry  of  the  diocese  of  Salisbury.  Capi- 
tal, Dorchester,     Pop.  in  1881,  191,028;  in  1891,  194,487. 

Dor'set,  a  hamlet  of  De  Kalb  co..  111.,  about  28  miles 
W,  by  S.  from  Aurora. 


DOR 


1030 


DOU 


Dortety  a  poit-Tillage  of  Aahtabula  oo.,  0.,  about  2 
milM  8.  of  Ooraet  Station,  nnd  b  tiilloa  S.  of  Jefferson.  It 
hM  a  ohar«h,  S  MW-tuill«,  and  manufactures  of  lumber. 

Dorset)  a  post-t^wnahip  of  lienningtun  oo.,  Vt.,  about 
80  miles  N.  hy  E.  from  Uvnnington.     It  is  intersected  by 
the  Harlem  Extension  lUilroad.     Quarries  of  marble  havo 
b«en  opened  here.     Tlie  to«rn:ili{p  contains  villages  named 
Dorset,  North  Dorset,  and  East  Dorset.     Many  ol'  tlio  white 
door-steps  of  Philadelphia  oame  from  Dorset.     Pop.  1696. 
Dorset,  a  post-village  of  Bennington  oo.,  Vt.,  6  or  7 
miles  N.  of  Manchester.     It  is  surrounded  by  fine  scenery, 
and  has  a  church,  a  district  school,  marbic-worlcs,  a  lumber- 
mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  tannery. 
Dorsetshire,  England.    See  Dorset. 
Dor'sey,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  111.,  on  the  In- 
dianapolis A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  31  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E. 
«f  St.  Louis,  and  11  miles  N.B.  of  Alton. 

Dorsey,  a  post-village  of  Howard  oo.,  Md.,  15  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  general  stores,  &o. 

Dorsey,   a  post-village  of  Holt  co.,  Neb.,  23   miles 
(direct)  N.E.  of  O'Neill.     It  has  a  mill,  general  stores,  &c. 
Dorsey,  a  post-village  of  Colfax  co.,  New  Mexico,  about 
26  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Springer. 

Dorsey,  a  post-hamlct  of  Swain  co.,  N.C.,  10  miles  W. 
of  Bryson  City.     It  has  general  stores,  Ac. 

Dorsey,  a  post-hamlet  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  in  York 
township,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Glencoe  Railroad  Station.  It 
has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Dor'seyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  4 
miles  N.  of  Harmarville  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
grist-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  grain-cradles. 

Dorsten,  dons't^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  Westphalia,  35 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Miinster,  on  the  Lippe.     Pop.  3401. 

Dort,  doRt,  or  Dordrecht,  dou'driKt  (L.  Dordra'- 
eum),  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  South  Holland,  on  an 
island  in  the  Meuse,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Rotterdam.  Chief 
edifices,  a  fine  town  hall,  a  Gothic  church  with  a  tall  square 
tower,  and  numerous  monuments  and  curious  works  of  art. 
It  has  a  Latin  school,  and  many  public  institutions,  several 
quays  and  canals,  a  good  harbor,  building-docks,  numerous 
•aw-mills  moved  by  the  wind,  salt-  and  sugar-refineries, 
linen-bleaching  grounds,  white-lead  and  tobacco  factories, 
and  a  large  tnvde  in  flax,  corn,  salt  fish,  train-oil,  and  tim- 
ber floated  hither  down  the  Rhine.  Dort  was  the  original 
residence  of  the  Counts  of  Holland,  and  the  place  where,  in 
1572,  the  independence  of  the  United  Provinces  was  first 
declared.  The  Synod  of  Dort,  which  anathematized  the  doc- 
trines of  Arminius,  was  held  here  in  1618-19.  Pop.  32,934. 
Dortmund,  doRt'mSont  (L.  Dortmun'da  and  Tremo'- 
nia),  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  on  the  Emster,  at  the 
junction  of  numerous  railways,  27  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ams- 
berg.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  mining-board,  and  has  a  Roman 
Catholic  and  Lutheran  churches,  monasteries,  hospitals,  an 
academy,  a  gymnasium,  and  many  coal-mines.  Its  manu- 
factures are  linen,  woollen,  cotton,  railway  machinery  and 
supplies,  metallic  ware,  oils,  porcelain,  stoneware,  beer, 
flour,  tobacco,  nails,  and  cutlery.  Dortmund  early  became 
a  place  of  importance  and  a  free  town,  and  joined  the 
Uanseatic  League.  Pop.  in  1880,  66,544 ;  in  1890,  89,663. 
Dor'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co.,  Ky.,  80  miles  N.W. 
of  Abingdon,  Va.     It  has  2  churches. 

Dorum,  do'rSSm,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  44 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Bremen.     Pop.  1878. 
Dorvanena,  the  Latin  name  of  DoiTARNByEZ. 
Dory  Harbor,  in  Papua.    See  Dorey. 
Dorzbach,  doRts'biK,  a  town  of  WUrtemberg,  on  the 
Jaxt,  7  miles  S.  of  Mergentheim.     Pop.  1090. 

Dosa-Ja$z,  do'shoh'-yilss',  a  village  of  Hungary,  36 
miles  E.  of  Pesth,  on  the  Tarna.     Pop.  3037. 

Dos  Hermanas,  doce  dn-mi'nJls,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Seville.     Pop.  3498. 

Doso'ris,  a  hamlet  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  a  small 
island  in  Long  Island  Sound,  IJ  miles  from  Glen  Cove. 

Dossenheim,  dos's^n-hime*,  a  village  of  Baden,  4 
miles  N.  of  Heidelberg.     Pop.  1728. 

Dossolo,  dos'so-lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  7  miles  E.  by  N. 
of  Viadana,  on  the  Po.     Pop.  3911. 

Do'then,  a  post-oflSco  of  Henry  co.,  Ala. 
Dotis,  do'tish',  or  Totis,  to'tish*,  a  town  of  Hun- 
gary, CO.  and  12  miles  S.E.  of  Comom.  It  consists  of  an 
upper  and  a  lower  town,  between  which  arc  the  ruins  of  an 
ancient  castle;  it  has  also  several  churches,  a  synagogue,  a 
Capuchin  monastery,  a  Piarist  college,  gymnasium,  and 
high  school.     Pop.  9855. 

Dot'sonville,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Tenn. 
Dot'tern,  a  station  in  Venango  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Alle- 
rhany  Valley  Railroad,  92  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pittsburg, 


DottysbufK,  Orocnoco.,  Pa.    See  Morrisvili.k. 

Du'tyvillc,  a  |)<>8t-hamlct  of  Fond  du  Luc  co.,  Wii"., 
about  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Fond  du  Lao,  the  capital  of  the 
county.  It  has  a  church,  a  cheese- factory,  a  hotel,  and 
general  stores.     Pop.  100. 

Dooai,  or  Douay,  doo*&'  (L.  Dna'eum  ;  anc.  Dun'- 
(/iiim  f),  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  on  the  Soarpo,  at  a  rail- 
way  junction,  20  miles  S.  of  Lille.  It  is  well  built,  and  has 
several  handsome  old  churches,  a  fine  arsenal  nnd  cannon- 
foundry,  an  artillery  school,  several  hospitals,  a  theatre, 
a  botanic  garden,  university-academy,  and  other  public 
schools,  and  is  the  seat  of  a  court  and  numerous  scien- 
tific institutions.  It  has  a  triple  lino  of  fortiflcutions.  It 
has  important  manufactures  of  lace,  gauzes,  cotton  stufl':*, 
earthenware,  beet-root  sugar,  glass,  soap,  and  refined  sugar. 
Douai  is  one  of  the  most  ancient  towns  of  Franco,  and  oxi.ited 
in  the  time  of  Julius  Csesar.  It  had  acquired  considerable 
importance  and  was  strongly  fortified  in  the  ninth  century. 
Its  possession  was  afterwards  strongly  contested  by  the 
Flemish  and  French,  by  whom  it  was  repeatedly  taken  nnd 
retaken.  It  was  secured  to  the  latter  by  the  peace  of  Utrecht. 
Its  celebrated  school  for  the  education  of  Catholic  priests 
has  been  removed  to  Ushaw,  in  England.     Pop.  23,348. 

Douany,  Comoro  Islands.    See  Dooany. 

Douarnencz,  doo^au'n^h-ni'  (L.  Dorvanena),  a  town 
of  France,  Finistfire,  on  the  Bay  of  Douarnencz,  13  miles 
N.W.  of  Quimper.  It  has  a  sardine-fishery  and  an  active 
coasting-trade.     Pop.  8637. 

Douay,  a  town  of  France.    See  DocAi. 

Double  Hayou,  a  post-oflSce  of  Chambers  co.,  Tex. 

Double  Branches,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  Ga., 
10  miles  S.  of  Lincolnton. 

Double  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Lunenburg  co.,  Va. 

Double  Bridges,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lauderdale  co., 
Tenn.,  on  Forked  Deer  River,  15  miles  N.  of  Ripley.  It 
has  several  churches  and  stores.     Pop.  100. 

Double  Horn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burnet  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  Colorado  River,  50  miles  above  Austin.    It  has  a  church. 

Double  Pipe  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co., 
Md.,  on  the  AVestern  Maryland  Railroad,  51  miles  N.W.  of 
Baltimore.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Double  Shoal,  a  post-village  of  Cleveland  co.,  N.C., 
8  miles  N.  of  Shelby.  It  has  a  cotton -factory  and  an  acad- 
emy.    Pop.  of  Double  Shoal  township,  1410. 

Double  iiprings,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Winston 
CO.,  Ala.,  24  miles  (direct)  N.  by  W.  of  Jasper.  It  has  4 
churcliesi,  an  iicadeiny,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  loO. 

Double  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Oktibbeha  co., 
Miss..  16  miles  W.  of  Starkville.     It  has  4  churches. 

Double  Wells,  a  post-offloe  of  Jctlorsun  co.,  Ark. 

Doubling  (dub'ling)  Gap  Springs,  a  sanitary  resort 
in  Cumberland  co..  Pa.,  8  miles  from  Newville  Station,  and 
30  miles  W.  of  Harrisburg.  Some  of  the  springs  have  saline 
sulphur-waters,  and  others  afford  a  carbonated  saline  cha- 
lybeate water,  useful  in  many  chronic  diseases. 

Doubosary,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Doodosary. 

Doubovka,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Doobovka. 

Doubs,  doobz  (anc.  Du'bis),  a  river  of  France,  rises  iu 
the  Jura,  at  the  S.  extremity  of  the  department  of  Doubs, 
and  joins  the  SaSne  at  Verdun-sur-Sa&ne;  it  is  accompanied 
by  the  Canal  of  the  Rhone  and  Rhine  from  Yougcaucourt 
to  its  junction  with  the  Saonc.     Length,  263  miles. 

Doubs,  a  department  in  the  E.  of  France,  formed  of 
part  of  the  province  of  Franche-Comt6.  It  is  situated 
between  the  departments  of  Hautc-Saone,  Jura,  and  Ilaut- 
Rhin,  and  Switzerland.  Area,  2028  square  miles.  Chief 
rivers,  the  Doubs  and  the  Loue.  The  Canal  of  the  Rhone 
and  Rhine  traverses  the  department  from  S.W.  to  N.E. 
The  surface  is  nearly  covered  with  rnmifications  of  the  Jura 
range.  It  has  mines  of  iron,  salt,  and  gypsum,  and  mineral 
springs.  Capital,  Besanfon.  It  is  divided  into  the  4  nr- 
rondissements  of  Baume-Ies-Damcs,  BesanQon.  Alontboliard, 
and  PonUrlior.     Pop.  in  1881,  310,827;  in  1891,  303,081. 

Doubs,  doobz,  a  post-villuge  of  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  11 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Frederick. 

Doubtful  (dSwt'ful)  Island,  an  island  of  the  Pacific 
Ocean.     L.at.  (E.  point)  17°  20'  S. ;  Ion.  142°  23'  W. 

Doubtful  Island,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  near  the  S. 
coast  of  Australia.     Lat.  .34°  24'  S.;  Ion.  119°  34'  E. 

Doucates,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Ducates. 

Douce,  doocc,  a  mountain  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Wicklow,  5} 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Bray.     Elevation,  2392  feet. 

Doncett's,  Canada.     Sec  Sainte  A.ngki.e  de  Laval. 

Douchy,  doo'she',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  on  thf 
Selle,  31  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lille.     Pop.  1968. 

Doudeville,  dood^veel',  a  town  of  France,  in  Soin©- 
Infcrieurc,  8  miles  N.  of  Yvetot.     Pop.  1549. 


DOU 


1051 


DOU 


Doud's  (dowdz)  Station,  apost-village  of  Van  Buren 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Des  Moines  River,  and  on  the  Keokuk  <fc 
Des  Moines  Railroad,  21  miles  S.E.  of  Ottumwa.  It  has  a 
church,  a  hotel,  and  manufactures  of  lumber.  Coal  is  found 
here.     Pop.  about  150. 

Doudton,  dowd't9n,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pendleton  co., 
Ky.,  7  miles  (direct)  W.S.W.  of  Falmouth.  It  has  several 
general  stores  and  business  houses. 

Dou§,  doo-i',  a  town  of  France,  in  Mii'ne-et-Loire,  10 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Saumur.  It  has  vast  lioiiian  ruins  and 
curious  grottos  in  its  vicinity.     Pop.  .3161. 

Don^ra,  doo-i'ri,  a  town  of  Algeria,  10  miles  S.W.  of 
Algiers.     Pop.  2933, 

Dou'gal,  a  station  in  Northumberland  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Catawissa  Railroad,  16  miles  W.  of  Danville,  at  a  junction 
with  the  Philadelphia  A  Erie  Railroad. 

Dougherty,  doH'fir-te,  or  dow'§r-te,  a  county  in  the 
S.W.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an  area  of  about  312  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  Flint  River.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests ;  the 
soil  is  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Brunswick  &  West- 
ern Railroad,  the  Columbus  Southern  Railroad,  the  Savan- 
nah, Florida  So  Western  Railroad,  and  the  Southwestern 
Railroad.  Capital,  Albany.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,517 ;  in  1880, 
12,622;  in  1890,  12,206. 

Dougherty,  a  post-village  of  Dawson  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Etowah  River,  5  miles  (direct)  S.E.  of  Dawsonvillc. 

Dougherty's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alameda  co., 
Cal.,  5  miles  from  Pleasanton  Railroad  Station. 

Doughoregan,  do-hor'e-gan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Howard 
CO.,  Md.,  5  miles  (direct)  S.W.  of  Ellicott  City,  the  capital 
of  the  county.     It  has  a  few  stores,  <tc. 

Doughton,  dSw'tQn,  a  station  on  the  Youngstown 
Branch  of  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Youngs- 
town, 0. ;  also  on  the  Mahoning  division  of  the  Atlantic  & 
Great  Western  Railroad. 

Doughty's  Fork  of  Killbuck  Creek,  Ohio,  falls  into 
the  main  stream  in  Coshocton  co. 

Douglas,  dug'lass,  a  large  town  of  the  Isle  of  Man, 
on  a  fine  bay  on  its  E.  coast,  81  miles  N.W.  of  Liverpool. 
Lat.  54°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  4°  29'  W.  Its  old  streets  are  irregular, 
but  several  handsome  ones,  with  terraces,  a  crescent,  and 
numerous  detached  villas,  have  been  built.  It  has  several 
churches,  a  handsome  custom-house,  market-house,  post- 
office,  house  of  industry,  assembly-rooms,  hotels,  libraries, 
and  baths.  The  harbor  admits  of  vessels  drawing  from  10 
to  14  feet  at  high  water.  It  has  daily  steam  communication 
with  Liverpool  and  Fleetwood.  Small  vessels  are  also  built, 
and  the  town  has  some  coasting-trade  and  fisheries.  A  fine 
new  pier  was  erected  in  1872.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  deem- 
ster court  for  the  island.     Pop.  13,846. 

Douglas,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  9i  miles  by  rail 
S.S.AV.  of  Lanark,  on  a  stream  of  the  same  name,  whicli  rises 
in  Cairntable  Mountain  and  flows  16  miles  N.E.  through 
Douglas-dale  into  the  Clyde.  The  ruin  of  St.  Bride's  church 
is  full  of  family  tombs,  including  the  beautiful  one  of  "  tho 
good  Lord  James,"  the  hero  of  Scott's  "  Castle  Dangerous.'' 
The  remains  of  that  fortress  still  stand,  near  the  seat  of 
Lord  Douglas.     Pop.  1371. 

Douglas,  dug'lass,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part 
of  Colorado,  is  drained  by  the  South  Fork  of  the  Platte 
River  and  Plum  Creek.  The  surface  is  elevated  and  partly 
mountainous.  The  eastern  portion  is  a  plain  or  table-land, 
in  which  timber  and  water  are  scarce.  The  soil  is  fertile 
when  irrigated.  Cattle  are  the  chief  source  of  revenue. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande, 
Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6,  and  Union  Pacific  Railroad?. 
Capital,  Castle  Rock.  Area,  840  square  miles.  Pop.  in 
1870,  1388;  in  1880,  2486;  in  1890,  3006. 

Douglas,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Georgia.  Area, 
178  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Chat- 
tahoochee River.  The  surface  is  hilly;  the  soil  is  partly 
fertile.  The  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad  traverses  the 
N.W.  portion  of  the  county,  passing  through  Douglasville, 
the  capital.     Pop.  in  1880,  6934;  in    1890,  7794. 

Douglas,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an 
area  of  about  410  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Embarras  and  Kaskaskia  Rivers.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level ;  the  soil  is  very  fertile.  It  contains  extensive  prairies, 
with  groves  distributed  among  the  streams.  Indian  corn, 
oats,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Terre  Haute  <fc  Peoria,  Chicago  &  Eastern 
Illinois,  Indianapolis,  Decatur  &  Western,  and  Illinois 
Central  Railroads.  Capital,  Tuscola.  Pop.  in  1870, 13,484 : 
in  1880,  15,853;  in  1890,  17,669. 

Douglas,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an 


area  of  469  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
Kansas  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Wakarusa  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies 
and  woodlands,  the  former  of  which  are  tho  more  extensive. 
The  soil  is  very. fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  valuable 
beds  of  coal  and  limestone,  and  natural  groves  of  ash,  Cot- 
tonwood, elm,  oak,  walnut,  Ac  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  and  Union  Pacific  Rail- 
roads, while  the  Southern  Kansas  Railroad  passes  from  the 
northern  to  the  southern  boundary  of  the  county.  Capital, 
Lawrence,  Pop.  in  1870,  20,592;  in  1880,  21,700  :  in  1890, 
23,961, 

Douglas,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Minnesota,  has 
an  area  of  720  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Long  Prai- 
rie Creek  and  the  Chippewa  River,  The  surface  is  beauti- 
fully diversified  with  small  lakes,  prairies,  and  groves  or 
forests,  in  which  the  sugar-maple  abounds;  the  soil  is 
mostly  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple 
products.  The  Great  Northern  Railroad  traverses  the 
county  frcm  N.W.  to  S.E.  Capital,  Alexandria.  Pop,  in 
1870,  4239;  in  1880,  9130;  in  1890,  14,606, 

Douglas,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an 
area  of  792  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  North 
Fork  and  Bryant's  Fork  of  White  River.  The  surface  is 
hilly  or  undulating,  and  is  partly  covered  with  forests,  in 
which  the  pine  and  oak  are  found.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Ava. 
Pop.  in  1870,  3915;  in  1880,  7753;  in  1890,  14,111. 

Douglas,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Nebraska,  has  nn 
area  of  about  330  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
hy  the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Platte,  and  is 
intersected  by  the  Elkhorn  River  and  Papillon  Creek.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  upland  ter- 
races, bottom  lands,  and  rounded  grassy  hills.  The  soil  is 
deep  and  extremely  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and 
hay  are  the  staple  products.  Timber  is  scarce  here,  but 
carboniferous  limestone,  valuable  for  building,  is  abundant. 
Tliis  county,  the  most  populous  of  the  state,  is  intersected 
by  the  Union  Pacific,  Burlington  &  Missouri  River,  Chi- 
cago, St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  &  Omaha,  and  Fremont,  Elk- 
horn  &  Missouri  Valley  Railroads,  Capital,  Omaha.  Pop. 
in  1870,  19,982;  in  1880,  37,645;  in  1890,  158,008. 

Douglas,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Nevada,  borders 
on  California  and  Lake  Tahoe.  Area,  892  square  miles. 
It  is  drained  by  Carson  River.  The  surface  is  mountainous, 
and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  evergreen  and  co- 
niferous trees.  The  Sierra  Nevada  extends  along  the  west- 
ern border  of  the  county.  The  soil  of  Carson  Valley  pro^ 
duces  some  wheat,  barley,  and  grass.  Granite  is  abundant 
here,  and  gold  and  silver  have  been  found.  Capital,  Genoa. 
Pop.  in  1880,  1581;  in  1890,  1551. 

Douglas,  a  large  county  in  the  S.W,  part  of  Oregon, 
is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Cascade  Range  of  mountains, 
and  on  the  W.  by  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Area,  4875  square 
miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Umpqua  River  and  its  two 
branches,  called  the  North  and  South  Forks,  which  rise  in 
the  Cascade  Range.  The  surface  is  mostly  mountainous, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  good  timber. 
The  Umpqua  Mountains  extend  along  the  W,  border  of  the 
county.  The  long  valley  of  the  Umpqua  River  has  a  fer- 
tile soil.  Wheat,  oats,  hay,  wool,  and  lumber  are  the  staple 
products.  Copper  is  said  to  be  found  here.  The  Southern 
Pacific  Railroad,  which  runs  from  N.  to  S.,  divides  the 
county  into  two  portions,  and  passes  through  Roseburg,  the 
capital.     Pop.  in  1880,  9596;  in  1890,  11,864, 

Douglas,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Washington, 
bounded  on  the  N.,  W.,  and  S.  by  the  Columbia  River. 
Area,  4552  square  miles.  The  surface  is  somewhat  moun- 
tainous, and  watered  by  numerous  creeks,  streams,  and 
lakes.  It  is  partly  traversed  by  the  Northern  Pacific  Rail- 
road.    Capital,  Waterville.     Pop.  in  1890,  3161, 

Douglas,  the  most  northwestern  county  of  Wisconsin, 
borders  on  Minnesota.  Area,  about  1336  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  part  of  Lake  Superior  which 
is  called  Fond  du  Lac,  and  on  the  N.W.  by  the  river  St. 
Louis.  It  is  drained  by  the  Amiiiican,  Nemadi,  and  St. 
Croix  Rivers,  which  rise  within  its  limits,  and  by  other 
streams.  The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly,  and  is  partly  cov- 
ered with  extensive  forests  of  the  oak,  pine,  sugar-maple, 
and  other  trees.  Lumber  is  one  of  the  chief  articles  of  ex- 
port. It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minne- 
apolis &  Omaha,  Duluth,  South  Shore  &  Atlantic,  and 
Northern  Pacific  Railroads.  Capital,  Superior.  Pop.  in 
1870,  1122;  in  1880,  655;  in  1890,  13,468, 

Douglas,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Coffee  co,,  Ga,,  about, 
130  miles  W.S.W.  of  Savannah,     It  has  a  church. 


im 


1052 


DOU 


Doaglat,  a  townthip  of  Iroquoii  oo.,  ID.  Pop.  2399. 
It  eonUint  th«  town  of  (Hlinan. 

DouRlns,  a  poat-office  of  Knoz  oo.,  III.,  20  miles  S.E. 
of  Ualofburg.  It  is  at  Summit  Stotiun  on  the  Galesburg  A 
Peoria  lUilroad.     Here  is  a  chureh. 

Douglas*  a  hamlet  of  St.  Clair  co.,  111.,  about  7  nsilo* 
8.  of  Belleville,  and  1  mile  from  Smithton  Post-Offloe.  It 
)^  a  grbt -mill  ami  a  aan-mill.     Pop.  about  lUU. 

DOQglaSf  a  township  of  Saline  co..  111.,  tmvenod  by 
be  Cairo  4  Vinoennea  Riiilroad.     Pop.  1437. 

DouglnH,  a  town»hip  of  Adams  qo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  824. 

DoiiKJiiN,  ft  township  of  Apponoose  oo.,  Iowa.     P.  1540. 

Duu(;lii9,  ft  township  of  Auilubon  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  96. 

Douglas*  a  township  of  lioono  oo.,  Iowa,  bounded  W. 
b7  Des  Moinei  Rirer.     Pop.  891. 

Douglas*  a  township  of  Bremer  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  694. 

Douijins*  ft  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Iowa,  about  6 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  West  Union.  It  has  a  church,  steam 
saw-mills,  a  flour-mill,  a  hoop-factory,  and  an  egg-cose 
taotory.     Pop.  about  200. 

Douglas*  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  972. 

Douglas*  ft  township  of  Mitchell  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  490. 

Douglas*  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Iowa.  P.  666. 

Douglas*  a  township  of  Page  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  838. 

Douglas*  ft  township  of  Pollc  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  680. 

Douglas*  a  township  of  Sac  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  .S86. 

Douglas*  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  319. 

Douglas*  a  township  of  Unioii  co.,  Iowa,  contains 
Creston  nnd  Cromwell.     Pop.  .580,  exclusive  of  Creston. 

Douglas,  a  township  ot  Webster  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  510. 

Douglas*  or  Douglass*  a  post-villnge  of  Butler  co., 
Kansas,  on  White  Water  Creek,  about  22  miles  by  rail  S. 
by  W.  of  Eldorado.  It  has  3  grain-elevators,  2  flouring- 
milla,  2  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  737. 

Douglas*  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Kansas.    P.  1283. 

Douglas*  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  parish,  La.,  27 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Monroe.     It  has  a  church. 

Douglas*  a  post-hamlet  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Douglas  township,  48  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Boston.  The 
township  contains  a  larger  village,  named  East  Douglas, 
and  has  4  churches,  woollen-,  saw-,  and  grain-mills,  and  a 
manufactory  of  edge-tools  and  axes.     Pop.  1908. 

Douglas*  a  post-village  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  in  a  fine 
fruit-growing  region  on  Lake  Michigan,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Kalamazoo  River,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Allcgnn.  It 
has  3  churches,  2  banks,  a  high  school,  2  newspaper  offices, 
flour-  and  planing-roills,  and  manufactures  of  baskets  and 
fruit-packages.     Pop.  in  1890,  404. 

Douglas*  a  township  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
968.     It  contains  a  part  of  Stanton,  the  county  scat. 

Douglas*  a  station  lin  Stevens  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  St. 
Paul  A  Pacific  Railroad,  49  miles  S.E.  of  Breckenridge. 

Douglas*  a  post-bamlet  of  Gentry  co.,  Mo.,  about  32 
Bjiiles  N.N.E.  of  St.  Joseph.    • 

Douglas*  a  post-village  of  Otoe  co.,  Neb..  24  miles  by 
rail  AV.N.W.  of  Talmoge,  and  23  miles  S.E.  of  Lincoln.  It 
has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  seminary,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
washing-machine  factory,  Ac.     Pop.  about  3()0. 

Douglas*  New  York.    See  Douglas  City. 

Douglas*  a  post-office  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.C. 

Douglas,  a  township  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1143. 

Douglas*  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  about  20 
miles  E.  of  Reading.     Pop.  1667. 

Douglas*  a  township  of  Clarendon  co.,  S.C.    Pop.  T54. 

Douglas*  a  station  on  the  Texas  Pacific  Railroad,  44 
miles  W.  of  Texarkana,  Tex. 

Douglas*  or  Douglass*  a  post-village  of  Nacogdoches 
CO..  Tex.,  about  44  miles  E.  of  Palestine.    It  has  2  churches. 

Douglas*  a  station  in  Anderson  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Brazos 
Branch  of  the  International  A  Great  Northern  Railroad,  9 
miles  S.W.  of  Palestine.     Here  is  Prairie  Point  Post-Office. 

Douglas*  a  township  of  Marquette  co..  Wis,  Pop. 
719.     It  contains  Briggsvillo  and  Douglas  Centre. 

Douglas*  a  post-village  in  York  co..  New  Brunswick, 
!t  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Fredericton.     Pop.  200. 

Douglas*  a  post-village  in  Renfrew  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Bonnechcre  River,  17  miles  W.  of  Renfrew.  It  haa 
grist-  and  saw-mills.     Pop.  150.     See  also  Gahafuaxa. 

Douglas  Centre*  a  post-hamlet  of  Marquette  co., 
Wis.,  in  Douglas  township,  about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Portage 
City.     It  has  a  flouring-mill. 

Douglas  City*  a  post-village  of  Trinity  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Trinity  River,  46  miles  W.N.W.  of  Redding,  and  about 
180  miles  N.N.W.  of  Sacramento.  It  has  placer  gold- 
mines.    Pop.  411. 

Douglas  City*  or  Douglas*  a  village  of  Sullivan 
«o.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad, 


at  Basket  SUtion,  50  miles  N.W.  of  Port  Jervis.     It  haa  a 
ohurob,  a  aaw-mill,  a  wagon-shop,  Ac.     Here  is  Long  Eddy 
Post-Office. 
Douglas  Grove*  a  post-offioe  of  Kountze  co.,  Neb. 
Douglas  Island*  in  Alaska,  ia  between  Admiralty 
Island  hikI  the  mainland.    Lat.  58°  15'  N. ;  Ion.  134°  24'  W. 
Douglass.     See  Douglas. 

I>uugla!<s  Shed*  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  oo., 
Tenn.,  10  miles  from  Jonosborough.  It  has  3  cburchca,  a 
flour-mill,  Ac. 

Douglassville*  dQg'lt^s-vIl,  a  post-village  of  Berks 
00.,  Pa.,  on  tlio  Schuylkill  River,  near  the  line  between 
Amity  and  Douglas  townships,  and  on  the  Philadelphia  A 
Reading  Railroad,  13^  miles  E.S.E.  of  Reading.  It  haa 
several  hotels  and  general  stores. 

Douglaston,dug'l4ss-tc>n,apo8t-hnmlct  of  Queens  00., 
N.Y.,  4  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Flushing,  L.I. 

Douglastown*  d&g'li^a-tOwn,  a  ])ost-village  in  Gas]i6 
CO.,  Quebec,  at  the  mouth  of  the  rivor  St.  John,  a  noted 
salmon-stream,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Giv8p6  Basin.  Its  people  are 
engaged  in  lisheries.  It  has  a  well-sheltered  harbor.  P.  2O0. 
Douglastown*  a  post-village  in  Northumberland  co., 
Now  Brunswick,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Miramiehi,  3  miles 
above  Chatham.  It  has  large  saw-mills,  an  extensive  lum- 
ber-trade, and  a  large  stone  hospital  for  mariners.  Vessels 
of  the  largest  tonnage  load  here.     Pop.  400. 

Douglasville*  d&g'l^s-vil,  a  post-hamlot  of  Escambia 
CO.,  Ala.,  9  miles  from  Brcwtuu  Railway  Station. 

Douglasville*  a  post-village,  capital  of  Douglas  oo., 
Qa.,  27  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  an  academy,  a  bnnk,  a  cotton  factory,  a 
canning-factory,  and  manufactures  of  sash,  blinds,  doors, 
and  wood-packing.     Pop.  in  1890,  863. 

Douglasville*  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  Tex.,  12  miles 
N.W.  of  Atlanta.     It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy. 
Doukovtchina*  Russia.    See  Dookovciiee.na. 
Douletabad*  a  town  of  India.    See  Dowletabad. 
Doulevant*  doorvftn"',  a  town  of  France,  in  llautc- 
Marnc,  9  miles  S.  of  Vassy.     Pop.  704. 

Doullens*  doorifts"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Somme,  on  a 
railway,  and  on  the  Authie,  20  miles  N.  of  Amiens.  It  h.as 
a  citadel,  a  prison,  and  a  theatre,  and  is  the  scat  of  active 
manufactures.     Pop.  3886. 

Doulon*  dooM6s»',  a  village  of  Franco,  in  Loire-Infc- 
rieure,  on  the  Loire,  3  miles  from  Nantes.     Pop.  1926. 

Dounc*  doon,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Perth,  beau- 
tifully situated  on  the  Tcith,  7  miles  by  rail  N.AV.  of  Stir- 
ling. Doune  Castle,  one  of  the  most  m.ijestic  feudal  remains 
in  Britain,  was  built  in  the  fourteenth  century.  Pop.  1262. 
Dour*  dooR,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Ilainaut,  9  milct 
W.S.W.  of  Mons.  It  has  a  custom-house  and  extens-ivd 
iron-  and  coal-works.     Pop.  8501. 

Dour*  a  village  of  Persia.    Sec  DooR. 
Dour*  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Door. 
Dourak*  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Doorak. 
Dourdan*  doou'dftx"'   (L.  Bordon'ijum),  a,  town  of 
France,  in  Seinc-ct-Oise,  on  the  Orgc,  35  miles  by  lail  S.AV. 
of  Paris.     It  has  an  old  castle,  a  handsome  church,  and 
manufactures  of  silk  hosiery  and  woollen  goods.    Pop.  27  lU. 
Dourga  (dooR'gd)  Strait  is  on  the  S.  side  of  Pai)ua, 
near  Torres  Strait.     The  N.AV.  entrance  is  about  12  miles 
wide,  the  W.  point  being  in  lat.  7°  27'  S.,  Ion.  138°  46'  E., 
and  the  E.  point  in  lat.  7°  22'  S.,  Ion.  138°  55'  E. 

Donrgne*  doonfi,  a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn,  9  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Castres.     Pop.  1749. 

Dournazac*  dooR'n.Vz.\k',  a  village  of  France,  Haute- 
Vienno,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Rochechouart.  It  has  important 
iron-foundries.     Pop.  228 ;  of  commune,  2092. 

Donro*  doo'ro  (Port.  pron.  do'ro;  Sp.  Diiero,  doo-i'ro; 
anc.  Bii'n'itK),  a  river  of  Spain  and  Portugal,  rises  in  the 
province  of  Soria,  in  Spain,  flows  generally  W.  thronj;!i 
Leon  to  Mirdnda,  then  turns  S.S.W.,  forming  the  boundary 
between  Spain  and   Portugal,  and,  lastly,  again  W.,  and 
having  divided  the  Portuguese  provinces  of  Tras-os-Montcs 
and  Beira,  and  intersected  the  province  of  Oporto,  enters. 
the  Atlantic  at  Sao  Joao  da  Foz,  3  miles  W.  of  OportoJ 
Total  course  estimated  at  400  miles.     Its  basin,  between 
'"the  Asturian  Mountivins,  N.,  and  the  Sierras  Guadarrama 
and  Estrella,  S.,   is   the   most   extensive   in    the   Sjianish 
Peninsula,  but  its  course  is  chiefly  through  narrow  and 
craggy  valleys.     Chief  tributaries,  the  Pisuerga,  Esla,  Eres- 
ma,  Tormes,  and  Tamega.     Its  course  is  rapid  and  impeded 
by  rocks  but  it  has  been  rendered  navigable  into  Spain. 
Doushak,  a  town  of  Seistan.     See  Jelalabad. 
Dous'man*  a  post-hamlet  of  Waukesha  co..  Wis.,  on 
Bark  River,  14  miles  by  rail  Vf.  of  Waukesha,  and  44  miles 
E.  of  Madison.    It  has  a  church.     Pop.  150. 


DOU 


1053 


DOV 


Doiist,  a  river  of  Belooohistan.     See  Doostee. 

Doiistre,  doost'r,  a  small  river  of  France,  in  Corrfize, 
flows  S.,  and  joins  the  Dordogne  near  Argentat. 

Douvaiiie^  dooS'fin'  or  dooVain'  {Jj.  Duva'nia),  a  town 
of  France,  in  Ilaute-Savoie,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Thonon,  near 
the  S.  shore  of  the  Lake  of  Geneva.     Pop.  1230. 

Doiive,  doov,  a  river  of  France,  rises  at  a  place  called 
Fontaine  I)ouve,  near  the  village  of  ToUevast,  and  falls 
Into  a  bay  in  the  English  Channel.     Length,  25  miles. 

Douvres,  the  French  name  of  Doveii. 

Douvres,  or  DoHvres-la-D6livrande,  doov'R- 
ll-d<VlceVr6Nd'  (anc.  Ua'brin  Viducas'eium),  a  village  of 
France,  in  Calvados,  7  miles  N.  of  Caen.     Pop.  1278. 

Uouw,  dSwv  or  dow,  or  PoolO"Do\v,  written  also 
Daw,  Daaiiw,  or  Dao,  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago, 35  miles  S.W.  of  Timor.  Lat.  10°  48'  S. ;  Ion.  122° 
41'  E.  It  is  hardly  more  than  a  barren  rock;  but  so  at- 
tached are  its  inhabitants  to  it  that  they  refused  the  offer 
of  transfer  to  Timor.     Pop.  5000. 

Doiix,  doo  ("sweet"),  a  river  of  France,  in  Ardfeche, 
flows  E.,  and  joins  the  Rhone  near  Tournon. 

Douze,  dooz,  a  river  of  France,  in  Gers  and  Landes, 
joins  the  Midou  at  Mont-de-Marsan,  after  a  N.W.  course 
of  55  miles. 

Dovadola,  do-vi-do'lS,,  a  town  of  Italy,  10  miles  S.W. 
Of  Terra  del  Sole,  on  the  Montone.     Pop.  2793. 

Dove,  duv,  a  river  of  England,  rises  near  Buxton,  and, 
after  a  S.  course  of  39  miles,  joins  the  Trent  below  Burton. 
In  the  vicinity  of  Ashbourne  it  winds  through  a  remark- 
able chasm,  2  miles  in  length,  termed  Dovedale. 

Dove,  duv,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  0. 

Do'ver  (Fr.  Douvres,  doov'ii ;  anc.  Da'hris),  f\,  cinque 
port  and  town  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  on  the  N.W.  side 
of  Dover  Strait,  the  terminus  of  two  railways  to  London, 
from  which  it  is  66  miles  E.S.E.  Lat.  of  castle,  61°  7'  8" 
N. ;  Ion.  1°  19'  5"  E.  The  old  town  consists  mostly  of  a 
collection  of  streets  on  the  N.  side  of  its  harbor,  and  a  long 
Street  on  the  banks  of  a  small  stream,  the  whole  enclosed 
and  backed  by  chalk  downs,  on  which  are  the  castle,  cita- 
del, and  several  strong  detached  forts.  W.  the  railway 
enters  the  town  through  a  tunnel  cut  in  the  cliffs,  which 
here  abut  into  the  sea.  The  castle  is  a  collection  of  for- 
midable works,  occupying  35  acres;  its  foundation  has 
been  attributed  to  the  Romans,  and  it  contains  Roman  and 
Saxon  towers,  a  spacious  keep  forming  a  bomb-proof  mag- 
azine, and  barracks.  In  the  castle  stands  a  church,  built 
during  the  Roman  period,  and  almost  unchanged,  except 
the  roof.  The  other  principal  edifices  are  a  military  hos- 
pital, the  parish  churches,  a  handsome  chapel  of  ease,  nu- 
merous dissenting  chapels,  a  college,  a  synagogue,  the  town 
hall  and  jail,  the  hospital  Maison-Dieu,  custom-house, 
workhouse,  theatre,  assembly-rooms,  museum,  baths,  docks, 
warehouses,  and  numerous  good  hotels.  The  harbor  con- 
sists of  3  basins,  the  outer  one  enclosed  between  2  piers  150 
feet  apart ;  large  sums  have  been  spent  upon  it  in  different 
reigns.  Dover  has  been  made  a  harbor  of  refuge,  by 
throwing  out  jetties  of  great  magnitude,  and  a  granite  pier, 
J  of  a  mile  long,  and  still  unfinished,  into  the  sea.  Dover, 
one  of  the  chief  ports  of  communication  between  England 
and  the  continent,  has  continual  intercourse  by  steamboats 
with  Calais  and  Boulogne.  It  imports  large  quantities  of 
eggs,  fruit,  and  other  produce  from  France,  and  has  a 
thriving  coasting-trade  and  fishery.  Ship-building,  and 
sail-,  rope-,  and  paper-making,  employ  many  of  the  popu- 
lation. Dover  is  the  principal  of  the  Cinque  Ports,  and 
is  the  seat  of  a  suffragan  bishop.     Pop.  (1891)  33,418. 

Do'ver,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pope  co..  Ark.,  is 
about  75  miles  N.AV.  of  Little  Rock,  and  1  mile  E.  of  the 
Illinois  Bayou.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  high  school. 

Dover,  the  capital  of  the  state  of  Delaware,  and  of 
Kent  CO.,  is  on  Jones  Creek,  and  on  the  Philadelphia,  Wil- 
mington <fc  Baltimore  Railroad,  48  miles  S.  of  Wilming- 
ton, and  nearly  7  miles  W.  of  Delaware  Bay.  It  contains 
a  State-house,  9  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  state  bank,  an 
academy,  several  hotels,  2  canning-factories,  and  manufac- 
tures of  hosiery,  ice,  machinery,  &c.,  water-  and  gas-works, 
and  4  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  3061. 

Dover,  a  post-village  of  Bureau  co.,  III.,  about  32  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Ottawa,  and  2  miles  from  Maiden  Station  of  the 
Chicago,  Burlington  <fe  Quincy  Railroad.  It  has  4  churches 
and  a  district  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  220. 

Dover,  a  hamlet  of  JBoone  co.,  Ind.,  about  36  miles 
N.W.  of  Indianapolis. 

Dover,  Wayne  co.,  Ind.    See  Webster. 

Dover,  a  hamlet  of  Chickasaw  co.,  Iowa,  in  Chickasaw 
township,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad 
(Iowa  k  Dakota  Division),  at  Chickasaw  Station,  12  miles 


E.  of  Charles  City.     It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  and 
a  carriage-shop.     Here  is  Ionia  Post-Office. 

Dover,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  140G. 
It  contains  El  Dorado. 

Dover,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa,  about  25  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Keokuk. 

Dover,  a  post-hamlet  in  Dover  township,  Shawnee  co., 
Kansas,  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Topeka.  The  township  is 
bounded  N.  by  Kansas  River,  and  has  3  churches  and  a 
pop. (1880)  of  833. 

Dover,  a  post-village  of  Mason  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  10  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Maysville.  It  has  4  churches, 
academies,  a  newspaper  office,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  grist- 
mill.    Pop.  515. 

Dover,  a  post-village,  the  capital  of  Piscataquis  co..  Me., 
is  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Piscataquis  River,  in  Dover  town- 
ship, and  on  the  Bangor  &  Piscataquis  Railroad,  about  35 
miles  (direct)  and  53  miles  by  railroad  N.W.  of  Bangor.  It 
has  6  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  and  manu- 
factures of  woollen  goods.  One  weekly  newspaper  is  pub- 
lished here.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1942.  The  station  here 
is  called  "  Dover  and  Fo.\croft."  On  the  opposite  bank  of 
the  river  is  the  village  of  Foxoroft,  which  is  considered  * 
part  of  Dover,  but  has  a  post-office  of  its  own  name. 

Dover,  a  post-hauilet  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  in  Dovet 
township,  on  the  New  York  &  New  England  Railroad,  16 
miles  S.W.  of  Boston.  The  township  has  3  churches,  a  pa- 
per-mill, and  manufactures  of  silo  governors.  Pop.  of  th6 
township,  727. 

Dover,  a  township  of  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  traversed  by 
the  Michigan  Southern  Railroad.    P.  1361.    See  Clayton. 

Dover,  a  hamlet  of  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.,  5  miles  N. 
of  Dexter  Station.     Here  is  Base  Lake  Post-Office. 

Dover,  Kandiyohi  co.,  Minn.    See  Dovre. 

Dover,  a  township  of  Olmsted  co.,  Minn.  Pop.  972.  It 
contains  Dover  Centre. 

Dover,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yazoo  co.,  Miss.,  30  miles  N.  of 
Jackson.     It  has  3  churches,  3  stores,  and  15  residences. 

Dover,  a  post-village  of  Lafayette  co..  Mo.,  in  Dover 
township,  and  on  the  Missouri  River,  about  14  miles  below 
Lexington.  It  has  several  churches,  a  brewery,  a  flour- 
mill,  <tc.  Pop.  320.  The  township  has  7  churches  and  a 
pop.  of  2251.     Hemp  is  one  of  its  staple  products. 

Dover,  a  post-office  of  Otoe  co.,  Neb. 

Dover,  a  beautiful  city,  capital  of  Strafford  co.,  N.H., 
is  situated  on  both  sides  of  the  Cocheco  River,  at  the  head 
of  navigation,  68  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Boston,  and  11  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Portsmouth.  Lat.  43°  13'  N. ;  Ion.  70°  54'  W. 
It  is  on  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad,  and  is  connected  with 
Portsmouth  by  the  Portsmouth  &  Dover  Railroad.  The  Dover 
&  Winnipiseogee  Railroad  extends  from  this  place  to  Alton 
Bay.  The  site  of  Dover  is  hilly  or  uneven,  and  some  of  the 
streets  cross  each  other  obliquely.  It  contains  a  city  hall, 
a  court-house,  the  Dover  Library,  11  churches,  a  high 
school,  an  academy,  3  national  banks,  3  hotels,  3  savings- 
banks,  and  newspaper  offices  which  issue  3  daily,  3  weekly, 
and  2  semi-monthly  papers.  Dover  is  favorably  situated 
for  trade  and  manufactures.  The  river  here  has  a  direct 
fall  of  32  feet,  affording  abundant  water-power.  The  Co- 
checo Manufacturing  Company,  with  a  capital  of  $1,500,000, 
have  here  5  large  cotton-mills  from  5  to  7  stories  high,  and 
employ  about  1200  operatives,  working  2300  looms  and 
95,000  spindles.  The  Cocheco  Print- Works  have  12  print- 
ing-m.achines,  a  capacity  for  printing  40,000,000  yards  a 
year,  and  employ  437  hands.  Dover  has  also  large  manu- 
factures of  boots  and  shoes,  an  iron-foundry,  a  woollen-mill, 
gas-works,  ic.  About  12  vessels  are  owned  here.  This  is 
the  oldest  town  in  the  state,  having  been  settled  in  1623. 
Pop.  in  1870,  9294;  in  1880,  11,684;  in  1890,  12,790. 

Dover,  a  post-town  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Rock- 
away  River  and  the  Morris  Canal,  and  on  the  Morris  <fc 
Essex  division  of  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  <fc  Western 
Railroad,  12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Morristown,  and  about  22 
miles  W.  by  S.  from  Paterson.  It  contains  8  churches,  a 
bank,  a  rolling-mill,  a  machine-shop,  a  planing-mill,  a  silk- 
mill,  a  car-factory,  and  3  newspaper  offices.   Pop.  about  4000. 

Dover,  a  township  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  Barnegat  Bay.  It  contains  Toms  River,  the  county 
seat,  and  Davenport,  and  is  traversed  by  the  Central  Rail- 
road of  New  Jersey.     Pop.  in  1890,  2880. 

Dover,  a  township  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  traversed  by 
the  New  York  Central  &  Hudson  River  Railroad.  It  con- 
tains the  village  of  Dover  Plains.     Pop.  in  1890,  1863. 

Dover,  a  post-office  of  Craven  co.,  N.C.,  in  Dover  town- 
ship, on  the  Atlantic  <fe  North  Carolina  Railroad,  24  miles 
W.  of  Newbern,  and  35  miles  E.  of  Qoldsborough.  Pop.  fX 
the  township,  2206. 


TOY 


1054 


DOW 


Dover,  a  township  of  Athena  oo.,  0.  Pop.  Ifl97.  It 
^oniiiiiiM  Siilinii,  Chiiunoay,  aoJ  Millfield. 

Dovvr,  a  puKt-hainlet  of  Cuyahoga  oo.,  0.,  in  Dover 
toiTiwhi|),  about  12  miles  W.S.W,  of  Cleveland.  The  town- 
ahip  i«  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake  Erie.  It  haa  &  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1445. 

Dover*  a  township  of  Fulton  oo.,  0.  Pop.  930.  It  oon- 
taina  Ottokeo. 

Dover*  a  township  of  Tusoamwoa  CO.,  0.  Pop.  3515. 
tt  cont.ains  WinfioUl  nml  Ciinal  Dover. 
.•  Dover*  or  New  Dover,  a  village  of  Union  co.,  0.,  in 
Dover  township,  on  the  Cloroland,  Columbus,  Cincinnati  & 
Indianapolis  Kailroad,  13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Delaware.  It 
has  2  cnurehoa,  a  stavo-foctory,  Ac.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
thin,  92tt.     Here  is  Now  Dover  Poat-Offico. 

Dover*  a  post-borough  of  York  oo..  Pa.,  in  Dover  town- 
■Dip,  about  IS  miles  S.  of  Ilarriaburg,  and  8  milea  W.N.W. 
of  York.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  coaches, 
buggies,  and  cigara.     Pop.  465;  of  the  township,  2349. 

Dover,  a  poat-hamlet  of  McCook  co.,  S.D.,  II  milea 
fdirect)  N.W.  of  Salem. 

Dover*  a  post-village,  capital  of  Stewart  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Cumberland  River,  63  miles  (direct) 
"NV.N.W.  of  Nashville,  and  13  miles  (direct)  N.  by  W.  of 
Erin.  It  contains  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  news- 
paper ofiBco.  Pop.  500.  The  battle  of  Fort  Donelson  waa 
fought  here  in  February,  1862.    Here  is  a  national  cemetery. 

Dover,  a  post-township  of  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  22  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Bennington.  It  has  4  churches,  3  saw-mills, 
aind  a  common  school.     Pop.  524. 

Dover*  a  post-hamlet  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va.,  10  milea 
from  Plains  Station.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Dover*  a  post-township  of  Racine  co.,  Wis.  Pop.  924. 
It  contains  Dover  Station  and  Kansasville. 

Dovera,  do-vi'r4,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  4  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Lodi.     Pop.  2040. 

Dover  Furnace*  a  post-bamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Ilarlem  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Dover  Plains. 

Dover  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Martin  co.,  Ind.,  about 
42  miles  E.  of  Vincennes,  and  1  mile  W.  of  the  East  Fork 
of  White  River.     It  has  2  churches. 

Dover  Mines,  a  post-village  of  Goochland  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  James  River,  about  18  miles  W.  of  Richmond.  It  has 
4  churches,  and  coal-mines. 

Dover  Plains*  a  post-village  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y., 
15  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Millerton,  and  17  miles  (direct)  N.E. 
of  Poughkeepsie.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  an  academy, 
cider-,  grist-,  and  saw-mills,  and  manufactures  of  cigars, 
ploughs,  and  a  device  for  watering  stock.     Pop.  662. 

Dover  Point*  a  post-hamlet  of  Strafford  co.,  N.IL,  on 
the  Dover  <t  Portsmouth  Railroad,  and  on  the  Piscatuqua 
Eiver,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Cocheco,  6  miles  S.  of  the  city 
hall  of  Dover.     Here  are  extensive  manufactures  of  bricks. 

Dover  South*  or  Paincourt*  a  post-village  in  Kent 
CO..  Ontario,  6  miles  W,  of  Chatham.     Pop.  100. 

Dover  South  JMills*  a  post-hamlet  of  Piscataquis  co.. 
Me.,  5  miles  S.  of  Dover.     It  has  2  stores  and  a  saw-mill. 

Dover  Strait.     See  Strait  of  Dover. 

Dove's  (duvz)  Creek*  a  post-office  of  Elbert  co.,  Ga. 

Dovesville*  dfivz'vll,  a  post-vill»ge  of  Darlington  co., 
B.C.,  7  miles  by  rail  N.  by  AV.,  of  Darlington  Court-House. 
It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  a  public  school,  a  saw-mill, 
and  manufactures  of  turpentine. 

Dovesville,  a  post- village  of  Rockingham  co.,  Va.,  25 
miles  (direct)  N.W,  of  Harrisonburjt. 

Dovre,  do'vr^,  township,  Kandiyohi  co.,  Minn.     P.  456. 

Dovreheld,  Dovreijeld,  do'vr§-fe-5Id',  or  Do- 
I'rines,  do'freen'  (Norw.  Daavrefjdd,  do'vrd-fyild),  a 
mountain-range  of  Norway,  forming  the  central  part  of  the 
Scandinavian  system,  and  e.xtending  in  an  E.N.E.  direction 
from  the  valley  of  Lessoe,  near  lat.  62°  N.,  where  the  Lang- 
field  range  terminates,  to  the  Syltfjiillet,  lat.  63°  N.,  where 
the  chain  of  Kiiilen  begins.  It  is  generally  composed  of 
gneiss  and  micaceous  schist,  and  possesses,  in  tho  Skag- 
tols-tind,  which  has  an  altitude  of  8390  foot,  tho  highest 
summit  in  the  Scandinavian  peninsula.  This  mountain 
raises  its  gigantic  mass  above  the  lofty  plateau  on  which 
the  chain  rests,  till  its  snowy  heights  arc  lost  among  tho 
oloada.  Four  passes  lead  across  the  Dovrctield  range.  The 
most  frequented  of  these  is  in  tho  line  of  road  which  leads 
-from  Christiania  to  Trondhjem,  E.  of  the  Sneehaettan. 
Its  greatest  height  is  4200  feet.  Tho  name  is  derived  from 
Daavuk  (which  see),  and^c/d,  or  fjeld,  a  fell  or  mountain- 
ridge. 

Do'vy*  or  Dy'vi*  a  river  of  Wales,  cos.  of  Merioneth 
and  Montgomery,  rises  near  Bala,  flows  S.W.,  and  joins 
the  Irish  Sea  7  miles  N.  of  Aberystwith.    Length,  3U  miles. 


Dowagiao*  do-wa'Jf-ak,  a  small  river  of  Michigan, 
rises  in  Cass  and  Van  Huron  cos.,  and  flows  into  the  St. 
Joseph's  River  near  Niles. 

Dowagiac*  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Dowagiao  River,  and  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad, 
105  miles  E.  of  Chicago,  35  milea  S.VV.  of  Kalamazoo,  and 
9  or  10  miles  N.W.  of  Cassopolia.  It  has  6  ehurohea,  2 
banks,  a  public  library,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  high  school, 
a  foundry,  2  flour-mills,  a  chair-factory,  a  sand-band  fuo> 
tory,  steam  saw-mills,  a  brewery,  and  manufactures  of 
atovea  and  grain-drilla.     Pop.  2806. 

Dow  City*  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co.,  Iowa,  10 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Denisun.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  public  school,  a  wagon-factory, 
a  fluur-mill,  and  a  broom-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  451. 

Dow'elltown,  a  post-village  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Tcnn., 
28  miles  S.E.  of  Lebanon.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy, 
a  woullen-mill,  &c. 

Dowka'ra  (or  Dankara,  duw-kil'rilL)  Lake  (or  Sea), 
a  lake  or  collection  of  lakes  and  swamps  in  tho  delta  of 
tho  Amoo-Darya.  Area,  400  square  miles.  It  is  fed  and 
drained  by  tho  eastern  arm  of  that  river,  and  around  its 
E.  and  N.  sides  there  is  a  navigable  channel,  and  on  its  N. 
shore  there  is  a  range  of  hills  called  Belitao. 

Do\v'lai8,a  chapelry  in  Glamorganshire,  South  Wales, 
and  an  important  suburb  of  Merthyr-Tydvil,  containing  ex- 
tensive iron-works.  It  has  fine  public  buildings,  and  two 
stations,  one  on  tho  Brecon  &  Murthyr  Railway,  and  the 
other  on  the  branch  lino  of  the  London  &  Northwestern. 
Pop.  18,614. 

Dowlctabad,  Dowlatabad,  Doulctabad,dow*. 
Iti-tH-biJ',  or  De^Oghir'  (the  "fortunate  city"),  an  in- 
land town  and  fortress  of  India,  in  Hyderabad,  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Aurungabad,  is  situated  in  lat.  19°  57'  N.,  Ion.  75" 
16'  E.  It  is  one  of  the  most  rcmarkabio  fortresses  in  India, 
and  stands  upon  an  isolated  rock,  300  feet  or  more  high, 
and  for  about  one-third  of  its  height  perpendicular  and 
presenting  no  visible  means  of  reaching  the  summit,  which 
is  only  to  bo  attained  through  an  e.vcavation  in  the  heart 
of  the  rock.  In  1306  this  fortress  was  taken  from  a  power- 
ful Hindoo  chief  by  the  Emperor  of  Delhi.  Since  then  it 
has  been  captured  several  times :  it  is  now  in  the  posses- 
sion of  tho  Nizam  of  Hyderabad.  Near  it  are  the  cave- 
temples  of  Elora. 

Dowletabad,  a  ruined  fort  of  Afghanistan,  on  the 
Furrah-Rood,  140  miles  S.  of  Herat. 

Dow'ling,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co.,  0.,  8  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Bowling  Green.  It  has  4  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  stoves,  hoops,  lumber,  <tc.     Pop.  150. 

Down,  or  Downshire,  d5wn'shjr,  a  county  of  Ire- 
land, in  Ulster,  bounded  E.  and  S.  by  tho  Irish  Sea.  Area, 
967  square  miles.  Carlingford  Bay  separates  it  from  Lcin- 
ster  on  the  S.,  and  the  Newry  Canal  and  Lagan  River  form 
its  boundaries  on  the  W.  'The  other  rivers  are  the  Bann 
and  Anna-cloy.  It  contains  Lough  Strangford,  Dundrum 
Bay,  and  the  Mourne  Mountains,  the  highest  of  which, 
Slieve  Donard,  is  2796  feet.  The  surface  is  mostly  moun- 
tainous  or  hilly,  but  in  many  parts  is  fertile.  Agriculture 
is  carried  on  with  great  skill  and  success.  Live-stock,  flax, 
and  grain  are  leading  products.  Capital,  Downpatrick. 
Pop.  in  1881,  272,107;  in  1891,  266,893. 

Down*  a  town  of  Ireland.    See  Downpatrick. 

Downe,  down,  a  township  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.J., 
bounded  S.W.  by  Delaware  Bay.  Pop.  3385.  It  contains 
Port  Norris,  Newport,  Dividing  Creek,  .-wid  Mauricctown. 

Dow'ncr's  (irove,  a  post-village  of  Du  Page  co.,  III., 
in  Downer's  Grove  township,  on  tho  Chicago,  Burlington  & 
Quincy  and  Chicago,  Wilmington  A  Western  Railroads,  22 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded 
school,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Poj>.  of  township,  2518.  It 
contains  village?  named  Hinsdale  and  Clarendon  Hills. 

Dow'ney*  a  post-village  of  Los  Angeles  co.,  Cal.,  in  a 
fertile  valley,  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  12  mil*' 
S.E.  of  Los  Angeles.  It  has  a  bank,  5  churches,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  1600. 

Downey*  a  post-village  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa,  in  Spring- 
<3ale  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Iowa  City.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
graded  school,  and  a  grain-elevator.     Pop.  about  250. 

Dow'neyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind.,  4 
miles  from  Adams  Station.    It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill, 

Downey  ville*  a  post-hamlet  of  Nye  co.,  Nevada,  about 
52  miles  W.N.W.  of  Belmont. 

Down'ham-Mar'ket,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Nor- 
folk, on  the  Ouse,  lOJ  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Lynn-Regis.  The 
town  is  well  built,  and  has  an  antique  church,  a  workhouse, 
a  large  bell -foundry,  and  markets.     Pop.  2752. 


DOW 


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DRA 


Downieville,  dow'nc-vil,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Sierra  co.,  Cal.,  is  on  the  North  Yuba  River,  about  76  miles 
(direct)  N.N.E.  of  Sacramento,  and  34  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Grass  Valley.  It  is  about  12  miles  S.W.  of  the  Downie- 
rillo  Butte,  which  is  8800  feet  high.  It  contains  2  churches, 
a  bank,  3  hotels,  a  foundry,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Gold 
is  found  near  this  place.     Pop.  704. 

Downieville  jButte,  bute,  a  mountain  in  Sierra  co., 
Cal..  is  a  peak  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  12  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Downieville.  It  is  nearly  8800  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 
Down'ing,  a  post-village  of  Schuyler  co..  Mo.,  8  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Lancaster.  It  hag  2  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  oflSce,  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  406. 

Downing,  a  post-village  of  Dunn  co..  Wis.,  32  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Chippewa  Falls,  and  15  miles  (direct)  N.W. 
of  Menomonee.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of 
hardware,  lumber,  and  railroad  stock.     Pop.  600. 

Down'ington,  a  post-village  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mich.,  45 
miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Port  Huron,  and  7  miles  (direct) 
N.E.  of  Sanilac  Centre.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  and  flour- 
and  planing-mills.     Pop.  250. 

Downington,  or  Fageville,  a  post-village  of  Meigs 
CO.,  0.,  in  Scipio  township,  about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Marietta. 
It  has  2  churches  and  the  Decamp  Institute.     Pop.  80. 

Down'ingtown,  a  post-borough  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  is 
pleasantly  situated  in  Chester  Valley,  on  the  east  branch  of 
the  Brandywine  Creek,  32  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Philadelphia, 
and  7  miles  N.W.  of  West  Chester.  It  has  a  national  bank, 
C  churches,  a  public  high  school,  manufactories  of  paper, 
paper-mill  machinery,  hosiery,  and  binders'  boards,  2  flour- 
ing-mills,  gas-works,  and  a  newspaper  oflSce.     Pop.  1920. 

Downpat'rick,  a  borough  of  Ireland,  in  Ulster,  capital 
of  the  CO.  of  Down,  at  a  railway  junction.  21  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Belfast,  It  consists  chiefly  of  four  streets,  and  is  divided 
into  English,  Irish,  and  Scotch  quarters.  The  principal 
edifices  are  a  cathedral,  parish  church,  chapels,  diocesan 
school,  county  court-house,  prison,  infirmary,  fever  hospital, 
almshouses,  large  barracks,  and  a  workhouse.  It  has  a 
library,  news-room,  various  schools,  convenient  quays,  man- 
ufactures of  linen,  leather,  soap,  and  breweries.  Near  the 
town  are  the  ruins  of  the  old  cathedral,  a  remarkable  an- 
cient mound,  a  race-courso,  and  wells,  resorted  to  by  pil- 
grims. Downpatrick  claims  to  be  one  of  the  oldest  towns  in 
Ireland,  having  been  the  place  of  residence  of  the  ancient 
native  kings  of  Ulster,  and  the  chosen  residence  of  St. 
Patrick,  who  founded  religious  establishments  here,  and 
presided  over  them  till  his  death,  in  493.     Pop.  3621. 

Downs )  a  portion  of  the  North  Sea,  off  the  S.E.  coast 
of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  between  the  North  and  South 
Foreland,  and  opposite  Ramsgate,  Deal,  Ac.  Here  valu- 
able shelter  is  insured  for  shipping  by  the  Goodwin  Sands. 

Downs,  a  post-hamlet  of  McLean  co.,  111.,  in  Downs 
township,  9  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Bloomington.  It  has  a 
church,  a  newspaper  office,  an  academy,  a  graded  school, 
and  manufactures  of  stove-fixtures.    Pop.  of  township,  1330. 

Downs,  a  post-village  of  Osborne  eo.,  Kansas,  24  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Beloit,  and  10  miles  N.E.  of  Osborne.  It 
has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  public 
school.     Pop.  in  1890,  938. 

Down's  Chapel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Del.,  3^ 
miles  from  Kenton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Downsview,  downz'vu,  a  post-village  in  York  co., 
Ontario,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Weston.     Pop.  200. 

Downs'ville,  a  post-village  of  Union  parish.  La.,  is  22 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Monroe.  It  has  2  churches  and  the 
Downsville  Institute. 

Downsvillc,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Md., 
about  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Frederick. 

Downsville,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Qolchester  township,  on  the  East  Branch  of  the  Delaware 
River,  about  16  miles  S.  of  Delhi.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  tannery,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Downsville,  a  post-oflico  of  Caldwell  co.,  N.C. 

Downsville,  a  post-village  of  Dunn  co..  Wis.,  in  Dunn 
township,  on  the  Red  Cedar  River,  8  miles  S.  of  Menom- 
onee.    It  has  a  lumber-mill.     Pine  timber  abounds  here. 

DoAvn'ton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Wilts,  on  the 
Avon,  which  here  divides  into  three  arms,  6  miles  by  rail 
S.S.E.  of  Salisbury.  It  has  a  long  street,  with  several 
chapels,  and  a  grammar-school.     Pop.  of  parish,  3654. 

Dows,  dowz,  a  post-village  of  Wright  oo.,  Iowa,  14 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Clarion.  It  has  2  churches,  2  banks, 
2  newspaper  offices,  public  schools,  and  manufactures  of 
bricks  and  wagons.     Pop.  about  650. 

DoAVS  Prairie,  a  post-office  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal. 

Doyle,  doil,  a  township  of  Clarke  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  939, 
exclusive  of  Hopeville. 


Doyle,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  1286. 
It  contains  Florence. 

Doyle,  Columbia  co..  Wis,    See  Dotlestown. 

Doylesburg,  doilz'burg,  a  post-hamlct  of  Franklin 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  20  miles  N.  of  Chambersburg. 

Doyle's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Juniata  oo.,  Pa.,  9 
miles  S.W.  of  Port  Royal.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Doylesport,  doilz'pSrt,  a  township  of  Barton  co.,  Mo., 
20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Nevada.     Pop.  385. 

Doylestown,  doilz'town,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co., 
0.,  in  Chippewa  township,  13  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Akron- 
It  has  4  churches,  a  high  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  a 
manufactory  of  reapers  and  mowing-machines.  In  this 
vicinity  are  several  coal-mines.     Pop.  in  1890,  1131. 

Doylestown,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Bucks  co.. 
Pa.,  is  situated  on  an  eminence,  33  miles  by  rail  N.  of 
Philadelphia,  and  about  18  miles  N.E.  of  Norristown.  It 
has  a  stone  court-bouse,  a  national  bank,  a  trust  company, 
a  public  library,  an  academy,  a  female  seminary,  and  3 
churches.  Four  weekly  and  2  daily  newspapers  (1  of  which 
is  German)  are  published  here.  Doylestown  has  gas-works, 
an  electric-light  company,  manufactures  of  farming-imple- 
ments and  cabinet-ware,  a  tannery,  2  carriage-factories,  a 
foundry,  a  creamery,  and  numerous  other  business  con- 
cerns.    Pop.  in  1880,  2070  ;  in  1890,  2519. 

Doylestown,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co..  Wis.,  in 
Otsego  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Portage  City,  and  73  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Milwaukee.  It  has  2  churches,  a  public  school, 
a  carriage-factory,  and  general  stores.     Pop.  about  150. 

Dozier,  do'zh^r,  a  station  in  St.  Louis  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  34  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Draa,  dri,  Edrha,  Sd'rH',  written  also  Dera  (anc. 
Edreif),  a  town  of  Syria,  a  few  miles  S.E.  of  El  Mezarecb. 
The  ruins  of  the  ancient  city  cover  an  extent  of  about  two 
miles  in  circumference. 

Drabund,  a  town  of  Afghanistan.    See  Derabunu. 

Drac,  dr4k,  a  river  of  France,  in  Hautes-Alpes  and 
Isere,  rises  in  the  Alps,  and  joins  the  Isfire  3  miles  below 
Grenoble,  after  a  N.W.  course  of  70  miles. 

Dracenum,  supposed  ancient  name  of  DnAGUiGJtAS. 

Drachenfels,  dri'K^n-ffils^  ("Dragon's  Rock"),  a 
mountain  of  the  range  of  the  Siebengcbirge,  in  Rhenish 
Prussia,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Rhine,  10  miles  S.E.  of 
Bonn.  Its  summit,  crowned  by  the  ruins  of  a  castle,  com- 
mands a  noble  prospect. 

Draconarium,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Dro\ero. 

Dracut,  dri'kiit,  a  post-township  of  Middlesex  oo., 
Mass.,  about  27  miles  N.N.W.  of  Boston.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  S.  by  the  Merrimac  River,  which  separates  it  from 
Lowell.  The  township  has  3  churches,  a  paper-mill,  and  1 
or  2  woollen-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  1996. 

Drage,  dri'Gb§h,  a  river  of  Prussia,  rises  in  the  forest 
of  Draheim,  flows  S.S.W.,  expanding  into  or  communi- 
cating with  several  small  lakes,  and,  after  a  course  of  about 
90  miles,  joins  the  Netze  from  the  right. 

Dragomestre,  dri^go-mSs'tri  (anc.  Aitactitt),  a  sea- 
port town  of  Greece,  in  Acarnania,  on  an  inlet  of  the  Ionian 
Sea,  28  miles  S.S.E.  of  Vonitza.    See  Bay  of  Dragomestre. 

Dragonera,  drl,-go-n4'r&,  a  Spanish  island  of  the 
Mediterranean,  off  the  W.  end  of  Majorca. 

Dragonera,  a  group  of  Greek  islands  off  the  coast 
of  Acarnania,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Dragomestre. 

Dragonera,  a  group  of  islands,  S.  of  the  Morea,  and 
immediately  E.  of  Cerigo. 

Dragoueriuni,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Droxero. 

Dragoni,  dri-go'nee  (anc.  Combukiera),  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  of  Caserta,  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Capua. 
Pop.  2199. 

Drag'on's  Mouth,  the  passage  between  the  island 
of  Trinidad  and  the  peninsula  of  Paria,  in  Venezuela.  See 
also  Boca  del  Dragon. 

Drag'onville,a  post-office  of  King  and  Queen  co.,  Va. 

Dragoon',  a  post-office  of  Osage  co.,  Kansas,  in  Val- 
ley Brook  township,  on  Dragoon  Creek. 

Dragoon,  a  township  of  Osage  eo.,  Kansas.  Pop.  537. 
It  includes  a  part  of  the  city  of  Burlingame, 

Dragoon  Creek,  Kansas,  rises  in  Wabaunsee  co., 
runs  S.E.  through  Osage  co.,  and  enters  the  Osage  Rivee 
about  14  miles  W.  of  Ottawa.     It  is  nearly  60  miles  long. 

Dragor,  drig'cirS  a  village  of  Denmark,  on  the  Sound, 
at  the  S.E.  extremity  of  the  island  of  Amager,  7  miles  S. 
of  Copenhagen.     Pop.  1500. 

Dragten,  drS.G't?n,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Fries- 
land,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Leeuwarden.     Pop.  5320. 

Draguignan,  dri'gheen^yfts"'  (anc.  Dracenum .'),  a 
town  of  France,  department  of  Var,  on  a  railway,  40  milefl 


DRA 


tOS6 


VKE 


jl.B.  of  Toukm.  It  to  pktar««i««l7  fitii*tod,  and  hM  » 
euiniuunal  college,  ft  Uaohort'  school,  many  bublio  foun- 
Uins,  a  boUnio  giurden,  and  DUtnafikotures  of  soAp,  ean- 
4,U9,  oili,  lilk,  cupper  gooda,  le»ther.  brandj,  »nd  bro»d- 
eloth.  lu  oliuwte  U  r«m«rkably  fine.  Pop.  8029. 
•  Drah,  dri,  or  Draha,  dr&'lifc,  »  river,  province,  and 
town  of  Murucoo.  The  river  risoa  in  Tafilet,  E.  of  the  AUaa, 
•ad  ia  loat  in  the  doaert  after  a  S.  oourae  of  250  milea. 

Drahotusch,  dr&'ho-too8h\  a  town  of  Moravia,  on  the 
poaohkan,  22  luilea  E.N.U.  of  Olmuta.     Pop.  132U. 

Drain*  a  puat  baulet  of  Duufclaa  co.,  Orozon,  on  the 
Oregon  Jk  California  Uuilrood,  2U  miles  N.  of  Koeoburg. 
It  has  a  church. 

Drake*  a  station  in  Orcone  oo.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  & 
Alton  lUilroad,  6  wiles  W.  of  the  junction  at  Iloodhuusc, 
and  115  milw  S.W.  of  Ulooiuington. 

Drake*  a  post-offlcc  of  Lapeer  oo.,  Mich. 

Drake*  a  poet-Tillage  of  Gasconade  co.,  Mo.,  20  miles 
8.  of  Hermann.  It  has  4  churches,  public  aebools,  Jkc. 
Pop.  about  100. 

Drakenberg,  moantains  of  Africa.    See  QuArnLAUBA. 

Drake  Point*  a  station  on  the  Lehigh  &  Susquehanna 
Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Penn  Haven,  Pa. 

Drake's  Bay*  on  the  coast  of  Marin  co.,  Cal.,  aflfords 
a  good  anchorngo  for  shipping  in  summer. 

Drake's  Branch*  a  post-hamlet  of  Charlotte  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  81  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Richmond.     It  has  2  churches. 

Drake's  Chan'nel*  in  the  British  West  Indies,  is 
immediately  S.E.  of  the  island  of  Tortola. 

Drake's  Creek*  a  poet-village  of  Madison  oo.,  Ark., 
8  miles  (direct)  S.W.  of  Huntsville.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Drake's  Creek*  in  the  S.  part  of  Kentucliy,  enters 
the  Big  Barren  River  in  M'arren  co. 

Drake's  Island*  in  Plymouth  Sound,  England,  ofi° 
the  town  of  Plymouth,  has  a  fort  and  military  quarters. 

Drake's  Mills*  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Cambridge  township,  2  miles  from  Cambridge  Station.  It 
has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Drakestown*  draks'tSwn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morris  co., 
K.J.,  in  Mount  Olive  and  Washington  townships,  3  miles  E. 
of  Hackettstown.     It  has  a  church  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Drakesville*  draks'vll,  a  post-village  of  Davis  co., 
Iowa,  25  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Centreville,  and  6  miles 
(direct)  N.W.  of  Bloomfield.  It  has  2  churches,  public 
schools,  a  butter-  and  cheese-factory,  and  saw-,  flour-,  and 
carding-mills.     Pop.  303. 

Drakesville*  a  post-village  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  li 
milea  from  Drakesville  Station  (see  Rustic)  of  the  Delaware, 
Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Mor- 
ri.-town.     It  has  a  church,  a  furnace,  and  a  powder-mill. 

Draketown*  dr^k'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Haralson  co., 
Ga.,  7  miles  (direct)  E.  of  Buchanan.  It  has  an  academy 
and  3  churches  near  it. 

Draketown*  a  hamlet  of  Somerset  oo.,  Pa.,  3  miles 
from  Confluence  Railroad  Station. 

Draketown  Run  Siding*  a  station  on  the  Pitts- 
burg, Connellsville  &  Washington  Kailroad,  1  mile  M.W. 
of  Confluence,  Pa. 

Drakeville,  Iowa.     See  Drakesville. 

Drama*  dr&'m&,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  30  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Seres.  A  few  miles  S.E.  is  the  plain  of  Philippi, 
on  which  Brutus  and  Cassius  were  defeated,  B.C.  42. 

Dramanet*  dr&^mi^ndt',  a  town  of  Senegambia,  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Senegal,  kingdom  and  6  miles  S.E.  of 
Galam.     Pop.  4000. 

Dramburg*  dr&m'b56RG,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pome- 
rania,  50  miles  S.S.W.  of  CBslin,  on  the  Drage.  It  is  the 
seat  of  varied  manufactures.     Pop.  5626. 

Dram'en*  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.,  Iowa. 

Drammen*  dr&m'm^n,  a  seaport  town  of  Norway,  on 
both  sides  of  the  Drammen,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Chris- 
tiania  Fiord,  33  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Christiania.  It  con- 
sists of  the  two  formerly  separate  villages  of  Bragernaes 
and  Stromsoe,  which  are  united  by  a  bridge  across  the  river. 
It  is  well  built,  and  has  a  college,  various  schools,  distil- 
leries, manufactures  of  oarriages,  sail-cloth,  cotton  goods, 
beer,  lumber,  castings,  oil,  rope,  tobacco,  and  earthenwares, 
and  an  active  trade  in  timber,  iron,  pitch,  and  produce.  Pop. 
in  1878,  18,8.38;  in  1891,  20,684. 

Dranesville,  drainz'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfax  co., 
Va.,  17  miles  W.N.W.  of  Washington,  D.C.  It  has  a  church. 
Here  occurred  a  spirited  action,  December  20,  1861,  the 
Federal  troops  gaining  the  advantage. 

Dranse*  drAn's^h  or  dr^Nz,  a  river  of  France,  in  Savoy, 
enters  the  Lake  of  Geneva  2^  miles  N.E.  of  Tbonon,  after  a 
K.  course  of  24  miles. 


Dranse*  a  river  of  Switaiorland,  canton  of  Valaii,  joins 
the  Rhone  near  Martij^ny,  after  a  N.  course  of  21  miles. 
Drunst'uld*  dr&ns'fdlt,  a  town  of  I'rutiHia,  in  Hanover, 

7  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Uiittingen.     Pop.  1410. 
Dra'per*  a  poet-village  of  Salt  Lake  oo.,  Utah,  on  the 

Utah  Southern  Railroad,  and  near  the  Jordan  River,  17 
milcM  S.  of  Salt  Lake  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Draper's  Springs,  Tennessee.    See  BLOOMiNdTov. 

Dra'pcrstown*  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  27  miloi 
S.E.  by  S.  of  Londonderry.     Pop.  501. 

Dra'pcr's  VaI'ley*  a  post-oQico  and  valley  of  Pulaski 
CO.,  Va.,  5  miles  E.  of  Max  Meadows  Station. 

Dra'persville*  a  post-uttiue  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  Va. 

Dras*  a  village  of  Ladakh.     Sec  Dukas. 

Drasenholen*  diJ^'zQn-ho'f^n,  or  Trascnhofen* 
tr&'z^n-ho^ffn,  a  village  of  Austria,  on  a  small  stream  of 
the  same  name,  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  1161. 

Drastow*  the  Bohemian  for  Tauss. 

Drau*  a  river  of  Europe.     Sec  Duavk. 

Drausen*  drow'z^n,  a  small  lake  in  Western  Prussia,  S. 
of  Elbing. 

Dravc*  driv  or  driv  (anc.  JDravnt ;  Ger.  Drau,  dr3w; 
Slavonian,  Drava,  dri'vA),  a  river  of  Euroi)c,  one  of  the 
principal  tributaries  of  the  Danube,  rises  in  tne  Tyrol,  about 
17  miles  E.  of  Brunock,  flows  E.  between  the  bui^ins  of  the 
Mur  and  Save,  at  lirst  through  Carinthia  and  Styria,  and, 
after  separating  Hungary  from  Croatia  and  Slavonia,  joins 
the  Danube  14  miles  E.  of  Eszck.  Length,  360  miles.  Ita 
chief  affluents  are  the  Mur,  Mohl,  Gurk,  Lavant,  and  Gail, 

Drav'osburg*  or  Draws'burg,  a  post-village  of 
Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  15  miles  by  rail  6.  of  Pittsburg.  It 
has  a  church,  2  public  schools,  2  saw-mills,  and  coal-mines. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1089. 

Drav'o's  Tip'ple,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  16 
miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Draw  Bridge*  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  about 
32  miles  S.S.E.  of  Dover.     It  has  a  canning-factory. 

Draw  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dorchester  co.,  Md., 
about  15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cambridge. 

Drayton*  dra'tpn,  a  hamlet  of  England,  in  Sussex  co., 
2  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Chichester. 

Drayton*  dra'tgn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dooly  co.,  Ga.,  20 
miles  E.  of  Americus.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  gri.st-mill. 

Drayt-on*  an  incorporated  post-town  of  Pembina  co., 
N.D.,  29  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Pembina.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  and  flour-mills. 
Pop.  318. 

Drayton*  a  post-village  in  Wellington  co.,  Ontario,  32 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Guelph.  It  contains  a  newspaper 
office,  grist-  and  saw-mills,  stores  and  hotels.     Pop.  500. 

Dray'ton>in-Hales*  or  Mar'ket-Drayton  (anc. 
Mediolanum?),  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Salop,  on  the 
Liverpool  &  Birmingham  Canal,  at  a  railway  junction,  13 
miles  S.  of  Nantwich.     Pop.  4039. 

Drayton  Island*  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co.,  Fla., 
on  an  island  in  Lake  George,  100  miles  S.  of  Jacksonville. 
Here  is  a  winter  resort,  with  a  large  hotel  and  a  steamboat- 
landing  on  St.  John's  River. 

Drayton  Plains*  a  post-village  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  Detroit  A  Milwaukee  Railroad,  31  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Detroit,  and  5  miles  N.W.  of  Pontiac.  It  is  on  Clinton 
River,  and  has  a  flour-mill,  a  saw -mill,  and  a  pickle-factory. 
Pop.  about  200. 

Draytonsville*  a  township  of  Union  oo.,  S.C.     P.  1864. 

Drebach*  or  Drehbach*  dr&'b&K,  a  village  of  Saxony, 

8  miles  S.W.  of  Lengefeld.     Pop.  2566. 

Drebkau,  drJp'kSw,  a  town  of  Prussia,  60  miles  by  rail 
S.S.W.  of  Frankfort  on-the-Oder.     Pop.  1178. 

Dreg'horn,  a  village  of  Scotland,  oo.  of  Ayr,  2  miles 
S.E.  of  Irvine.     Pop.  821. 

Drehersville*  dreerz'vll,  a  post-village  of  Schuylkil; 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Reading  Railroad  (Little  Schuylkill  Branch), 
15  miles  S.  of  Tamaqua.     It  has  a  church. 

Dreieicheuhaiu.    See  Hain-zur-Dreieich. 

Drem*  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Haddington,  at  a 
railway  junction,  16i  miles  E.N.E.  of  Edinburgh. 

Drempt*  drfimpt,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Qel- 
derland,  8  miles  S.  of  Zutphen,  on  the  Old  Yssel. 

Drengfurt*  dring'foont,  a  town  of  Prussia,  on  the 
Veisse,  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Rastenburg.     Pop.  2695. 

Dren'nen*  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  17 
miles  (direct)  N.W.  of  Greensburg. 

Drensteinfurt*  drdn'stin-fddrt^,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Westphalia,  13  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  MUnster.    Pop.  1370. 

Drenthe*  drfin't^h,  a  province  of  the  Netherlands,  hav- 
ing E.  Prussia,  N.  and  N.E.  the  province  of  Groningen,  W. 
Friesland,  S.  and  S.W.  Overyssel.    Area,  1869  square  milea. . 


DRlE 


1057 


DRE 


The  surface  is  level,  and  much  of  it  marshy ;  its  E.  frontier 
is  formed  by  the  Bourtanger  Morass.  The  rearing  of  live- 
itock  is  the  chief  branch  of  rural  industry.  Chief  towns, 
Assen,  Meppel,  and  Coevorden.     Pop.  in  1890,  132,495. 

Drenthe,  dren't?,  a  post-office  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich. 

Drepanum,  the  ancient  name  of  Trapani. 

Dres'bach,  a  post-village  of  Winona  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  20  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Winona.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  district  school,  and  manufactures  of  bricks. 
Pop.  in  1890,  525. 

Dresden,  drfiz'd^n  or  drfts'd^n  (L.  JDret'da,  or  Dres- 
denaf  Fr.  Dresde,  drfizd),  a  city  of  Germany,  capital  of  the 
kingdom  of  Saxony,  on  both  banks  of  the  Elbe,  here  crossed 
by  several  bridges,  lat.  (Frauenkirche)  51°  3'  18"  N., 
ion.  13°  44'  47"  E.,  103  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Berlin,  and  230 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Frankfort-on-the-Main.  It  is  situated  in 
a  picturesque  and  fertile  valley  in  the  Saxon  wino-distriet, 
and  consists  of  the  Altstadt  (Old  Town),  with  its  suburbs, 
Pima,  See,  and  Wilsdruf,  and  the  adjoining  quarter  of  Frie- 
drichstadt  on  the  W.,  all  on  the  left  bank  of  the  river;  and 
the  Neustadt  (New  Town),  on  the  right  bank.  The  Altstadt 
is  composed  of  lofty  houses,  with  streets  narrow,  though 
clean.  The  new  town,  including  the  Neustadt,  is  more 
openly  built;  the  houses  are  not  so  lofty,  but  are  generally 
of  a  pleasing  e.\terior,  frequently  having  gardens  attached. 
Mean  temperature  of  the  year,  49°.l  Fahr.;  winter,  32°. 7 ; 
summer,  66°.  The  royal  palace  is  a  vast  and  antiquated 
building,  containing  a  royal  library,  a  Eomnn  Catholic 
church  with  a  tower  378  feet  in  height,  and  the  State 
Treasury,  with  an  immense  collection  of  valuable  gems  and 
costly  bric-a-brac,  preserved  in  the  famous  Green  Vault. 
The  far-famed  Dresden  Gallery  of  Paintings  is  considered 
the  finest  collection  north  of  the  Alps.  The  Palace  of  the 
Princes,  the  Japanese  Palace,  or  Augusteum,  and  the  Zwin- 
ger,  also  contain  large  collections  of  valuable  works  of  art 
and  scientific  treasures,  for  its  wealth  in  which  Dresden 
has  been  termed  the  "German  Florence."  Other  principal 
objects  of  interest  are  the  Briihl  palace,  many  splendid 
churches  and  residences  of  noblemen,  rich  in  works  of  art, 
an  opera-house,  the  numerous  public  monuments  and  statues, 
the  zoological  garden,  a  theatre,  the  residence  of  the  com- 
mandant, the  mint,  arsenal,  hall  for  the  annual  exhibition 
and  sale  of  works  by  Saxon  artists,  an  academy  of  arts, 
various  colleges,  schools,  and  asylums,  the  house  of  assem- 
bly, royal  guard-house,  post-office,  trades'  and  city  halls, 
and  excellent  public  baths.  Dresden  has  manufactures  of 
tilk  and  woollen  stuffs,  leather,  carpets,  gloves,  jewelry, 
musical  and  scientific  instruments,  artificial  flowers,  chemi- 
cal products,  a  bomb-  and  cannon-foundry,  a  sugar-refinery, 
and  a  wool-market,  and  it  is  the  resort  of  numerous  artists. 
Its  trade  is  in  part  carried  on  upon  the  Elbe  by  means  of 
steamers.  Several  lines  of  railway  meet  at  Dresden.  The 
city  is  well  supplied  with  beautiful  and  elegantly  laid-out 
walks.  After  the  Continental  War,  the  whole  of  the  forti- 
fications were  thrown  down,  and  their  site  converted  into 
gardens  and  promenades ;  besides  which  the  Briihl  Terrace, 
in  front  of  the  Briihl  palace,  overlooking  the  Elbe,  the 
Great  Garden  in  Pima  suburb,  5  miles  in  circumference, 
and  adjoining  it  the  nursery  of  fruit  trees,  the  gardens  of 
the  Japanese  palace,  the  gardens  of  the  Marcolinian  palace, 
the  botanic  gardens,  and  Prince  Maximilian's  garden,  are 
all  pleasant  and  favorite  places  of  public  resort.  Perhaps 
to  town  in  the  world  has  so  many  large  and  valuable  collec- 
tions of  paintings,  statuary,  gems,  arms,  porcelain,  jewels, 
and  other  objects  of  vertu;  and  it  is  these  collections  which 
give  the  town  its  chief  attraction.  It  is  the  seat  of  im- 
portant educational  institutions.  Dresden  appears  origi- 
nally to  have  been  a  village  of  Wendish  fishermen  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Elbe,  whore  the  present  Neustadt  is  situ- 
ated. In  the  eleventh  century  the  present  town  was  built 
on  the  left  bank,  where  the  Altstadt  now  stands.  In  1510  it 
was  fortified ;  and  in  the  beginning  of  the  eighteenth  cen- 
tury, under  Augustus  I.  and  II.,  it  attained  great  splendor. 
Since  that  time  it  has  been  the  theatre  of  important  histori- 
cal events.     Pop.  in  1885,  246,086  ;  in  1890,  276,085. 

Dresden,  one  of  the  four  provinces  of  the  kingdom  of 
Saxony,  bounded  N.  by  Prussia,  E.  by  the  circle  of  Baut- 
een,  S.E.  and  S.  by  Bohemia,  and  W.  by  the  circles  of 
Zwickau  and  Leipsic.  Area,  1672  square  miles.  It  wholly 
belongs  to  the  basin  of  the  Elbe,  which  traverses  it  from 
S.E.  to  N.W.,  and  towards  both  banks  of  which  the  surface 
Slopes  down  into  tolerably  level  tracts  of  great  fertility.  In 
Other  parts  it  is  very  mountainous.     Pop.  in  1890,  950,454. 

Dresden,  drez'd^n,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  Ind., 
in  Jackson  township,  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  & 
Chicago  Railroad.     It  has  a  church. 

Dresden,  a  township  of  Chickasaw  co.,  Iowa.    P.  824. 


Dresden  (Deep  River  Post-Ofiice),  a  village  of  Powe- 
shiek CO.,  Iowa,  in  Deep  River  township,  about  22  miles 
S.W.  of  Marengo.     It  has  2  churches. 

Dresden,  a  post-township  of  Lincoln  co..  Me.,  about 
16  miles  S.  of  Augusta,  is  bounded  on  the  AV.  by  the  Ken- 
nebec River.  It  contains  Dresden  Mills,  a  hamlet,  also  3 
churches.     Pop.  990. 

Dresden,  a  post-village  of  Pettis  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Mis- 
souri Pacific  Railroad,  7  miles  AV.  of  Scdalia.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  pottery,  and  a  broom-factory.     Pop.  348. 

Dresden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Otoe  co..  Neb.,  on  the  Mis- 
souri River,  about  6  miles  above  Nebraska  City,  and  3  miles 
from  Percival  Station,  Iowa.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  val- 
uable stone-quarry. 

Dresden,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y.,on  Lake 
Champlain.  Pop.  800.  It  contains  Dresden  Centre  and 
Dresden  Station. 

Dresden,  a  post-village  in  Torrey  township,  Yates  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Syracuse,  Geneva  &  Corning  Railroad,  and  on 
the  W.  shore  of  Seneca  Lake,  6  miles  E.  of  Pcnn  Yan,  and 
14  miles  S.  of  Geneva.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a 
barrel-factory,  and  a  steamboat-landing.     Pop.  nearly  400. 

Dresden,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Muskingum 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Muskingum  River,  and  on 
the  Cincinnati  &  Muskingum  Valley  Railway,  14  miles  N. 
of  Zanesville,  and  63  miles  (direct)  E.N.E.  of  Columbus. 
The  Cleveland  A  Canton  Railroad  also  runs  through  the 
village.  Dresden  has  7  churches,  graded  public  schools,  a 
bank,  2  woollen-mills,  a  hosiery-mill,  2  flour-mills,  elay- 
and  tile-works,  and  a  newspaper  oflSice.  It  is  connected 
with  the  Ohio  Canal  by  a  branch  or  side-cut,  2  miles  long, 
and  is  at  the  head  of  steam  navigation  on  the  river.  Pop, 
in  1880,  1204;  in  1890,  1247. 

Dresden,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Weakley  co.,  Tenn., 
134  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Nashville,  and  22  miles  S.E.  of 
Union  City.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  a  stove-fao- 
tory,  a  spoke-factory,  a  cotton-gin,  a  steam  grist-mill,  a 
tannery,  a  saw-mill,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  420. 

Dresden,  a  post-village  of  Navarro  co.,  Tex.,  14  miles 
S.W.  of  Corsicana.  It  has  2  churches,  a  seminary,  and  a 
grist-mill. 

Dresden,  a  post-village  in  Bothwell  oo.,  Ontario,  on 
the  river  Sydenham,  14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Thamesville.  It 
contains  saw-  and  grist-mills,  several  factories  and  stores, 
and  has  a  large  trade  in  lumber  and  produce.     Pop.  1000. 

Dresden  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co., 
N.Y.,  about  75  miles  N.  of  Albany. 

Dresden  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  in  Dresden  township, 
Lincoln  co..  Me.,  16  miles  S.  of  Augusta.  It  is  on  Eastern 
River,  7  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Dresden  Station,  a  post-oflSco  of  Washington  co., 
N.Y.,  on  Lake  Champlain,  and  on  the  New  York  &  Canada 
Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Whitehall. 

Dresh'er,  a  station  in  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Breinigs- 
ville  Branch  of  the  Catasauqua  &  Fogelsville  Railroad,  3 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Breinigsville. 

Dres'selville,  a  post-ofiice  of  Le  Sueur  co.,  Minn. 

Dres'serville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Sempronius  township.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Dreumel,  droi'm^l,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Gelderland,  17  miles  W.  of  Nymwegen.     Pop.  2070. 

Dreux,  druh  (anc.  Durocaa'tes,  afterwards  Dro'cse),  a 
town  of  France,  in  Eure-et-Loir,  on  the  Blaise,  21  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Chartres.  It  is  regularly  and  well  built,  and  has 
a  fine  Gothic  church,  a  town  hall,  a  well-endowed  asylum, 
public  baths,  a  theatre,  and  a  pleasant  walk  along  the  river, 
with  manufactures  of  serge,  hosiery,  silks,  jewelry,  hats, 
and  leather.     Pop.  6666. 

Drew,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Arkansas,  has  an 
area  of  about  770  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Bayou 
Bartholomew,  and  also  drained  by  Saline  River,  which  flows 
along  its  western  border.  The  surface  is  nearly  lev^l,  and 
is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  cypress,  ash,  and  other 
trees;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  St.  Louis,  Iron 
Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  which  passes  through 
Monticello,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,9960; 
in  1880,  12,231;  in  1S90,  17,352. 

Drew,  a  plantation  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.     Pop.  85. 

Drewenz,  dri'vfints,  a  river  and  lake  of  Prussia;  the 
lake,  in  the  circle  of  and  close  to  Osterode,  is  7  miles  in 
length  from  E.  to  AV.,  and  traversed  by  the  river,  which, 
after  a  S.W.  course  of  80  miles,  past  Neumark,  Strasburg, 
and  Dobrzyn,  joins  the  Vistula  3  miles  E.  of  Thorn. 

Drew'ersburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind., 
about  24  miles  N.AV.  of  Cincinnati,  0.     It  has  2  churches. 

Drew'ry's  Blutf,  a  post-office  aQd  staUou  of  Cbestei^ 


DRE 


i058 


DKO 


Md  eotit  Va^  on  tha  James  Rivar,  and  on  tho  Riohmond  & 
PManbarg  Railroad,  8  wilca  8.  of  Uiobmond.  It  wiu  a 
Oonfedernte  atronghold  in  tlie  civil  war. 

■  Dretv'ryville«  a  post-hamlet  of  Southampton  oo.,  Va., 

13  milo«  N.W.  of  Nowtom's  Depot. 

Drew's  MillSt  or  Bald'win's  Mills,  a  post-village 
in  Stanstead  oo.,  Quebec,  on  tho  Coatioook  River,  and  on 
the  Grand  Trunk  Railroa<i,  5  uiilos  S.  of  Coatioook.    P.  300. 

Drew's  Valleft  a  po»t-oflice  of  Lake  oo.,  Orej;on. 

Drews'ville»  a  post-homlet  of  Cheshire  oo.,  N.II.,  in 
Walpolo  township,  2  miles  from  Cold  River  Stiition,'  and 

14  or  16  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Koone.  It  has  a  church  and 
manufaetures  of  piuturo-frauica,  stish,  blinds,  <to. 

Driburg,  drco'bouRG,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia, 
12  miles  by  rail  Vf.  of  lirakel,  at  the  foot  of  a  mountain 
•armounted  by  the  ruins  of  tho  anoient  castle  of  Iburg.  It 
is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  manufactures  of  gloss  and 
fire-arms,  and  mineral  baths.     Pop.  2249. 

Dricbergen,  dreo'bdiio-fn,  a  village  of  the  Nother- 
bml«,  C  inilci  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Utrecht.     Pop.  2016. 

Dricdorf,  drce'donf,  a  walled  town  of  Prussia,  23  miles 
K.E.  uf  Nassau.     Pop.  638. 

DricI,  drcol,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Golder- 
land,  r>  miles  S.E.  of  Bommol.     Pop.  3432. 

Driesen,  drco'z^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg, 
C4  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Frankfort,  on  an  island  formed  by 
tho  Netze.  It  has  largo  market-places,  and  manufactures 
of  woollen  cloth,  linens,  and  leather.     Pop.  4255. 

Drietoma^drce-to'mJl,  a  villa;;c  of  Hungary,  in  Hither 
Danube,  co.  nnd  6  miles  from  Trcntschin.     Pop.  1719. 

Driffield,  or  Great  Driiiield,  a  town  of  England, 
00.  of  York,  East  Riding,  20  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Hull. 
It  has  an  ancient  church,  a  workhouse,  branch  banks,  and 
large  markets  for  corn;  also  bono-mills,  flour-mills,  and 
manufactures  of  carpets,  cotton,  and  chemicals.  Pop.  8364 ; 
of  Little  Dri£Beld,  a  neighboring  hamlet,  202. 

Drif'ton,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Jefferson  co.,  Fla., 
on  the  Jacksonville,  Pensacohv  &  Mobile  Railroad,  at  tho 
junction  of  tho  MonticoUo  Branch,  27  miles  E.  of  Talla- 
hassee.    Here  are  2  stores. 

Drifton,  a  mining  village  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  on 
branches  of  the  Lehigh  Valley  and  Lehigh  &  Susquehanna 
Railroads,  1  mile  N,  of  Jeddo.  It  has  a  church  and  a  coal- 
mine. DiiiFTOx  JuxcTiON  is  on  tho  last-named  road,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Drifton  Branch,  11  miles  E.  of  Drifton. 

Drift'wood,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
922.     Post-offico,  Vallonia. 

DriAwood,  a  post-village  of  Cameron  co..  Pa.,  on 
Sinnemahoning  Creek,  and  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie 
Railroad,  55  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lock  Haven.  It  is  the  east 
terminus  of  the  Low  Grade  division  of  the  Alleghany  Valley 
Railroad.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  money- 
order  post-office. 

Driftwood  Creek,  a  branch  of  Sinnemahoning  Creek, 
rises  in  the  N.N.W.  part  of  Pennsylvania. 

Driftwood  Fork,  Indiana,  a  name  given  to  the  East 
Fork  of  White  River  in  some  part  of  its  course.  The  term 
appears  to  be  applied  to  that  part  which  runs  through 
Bartholomew  and  Jackson  cos.  Tho  upper  portion  of  the 
stream  is  called  the  Big  Blue  River. 

Drilo,  or  Drilon.    See  Drin. 

Drin,  dreen  (anc.  Dri'nus),  a  river  of  Europe,  in  Bosnia, 
rises  in  the  Dinario  Alps,  and,  after  a  N.  course  of  180 
miles,  joins  the  Save  63  miles  W.  of  Belgrade. 
.  Drin  (anc.  Dri'lo  or  Dri'lon,  and  Brinus?),  a  river  of 
European  Turkey,  in  Albania,  formed  by  the  junction  of 
the  Black  Drin  and  White  Drin,  17  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pris- 
rend,  whence  it  has  a  generally  W.  course  of  110  miles,  and 
enters  the  Gulf  of  Drin  (Adriatic)  5  miles  below  Alessio. 

Drink'er,  a  post-office  of  Lackawanna  co.,  Pa. 

Drios,  dree'oce,  a  district  or  settlement  of  British  Gui- 
ana, on  tho  Upper  Corentyn.    Lat.  2°  1'  N. ;  Ion.  56°  28'  W. 

Drip'ping  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Boone  co..  Mo., 
8  miles  (direct)  N.  by  W.  of  Columbia,  the  capital  of  the 
county.     It  has  a  general  store. 

Dripping  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Hays  co.,  Tex., 
25  miles  W.S.W.  of  Austin.  It  has  3  churches  and  an 
aca<lemy. 

Drissa,  drees'sA,  a  town  of  Russia,  In  Vitebsk,  on  the 
DUna.  48  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Diinaburg.     Pop.  3181. 
'  Dristrn,  a  city  of  Bulgaria.     See  Silistria. 

■  Drdbak,  dro'b&k,  a  seaport  town  of  Norway,  on  the  E. 
aide  of  Christiania  Fiord,  18  miles  S.  of  Christiania.  It  has 
trade  in  timber.     Pop.  1637. 

Drocfe,  an  anoient  name  of  Drecx. 
Drogheda,  drih'n^-da,  a  borough  of  Ireland,  cos.  of 
Meatb  and  Louth,  on  both  sides  of  the  Boyue,  4  miles  from 


its  mouth,  and  31}  miles  N.  of  Dublin,  at  a  railway  juno- 
tion.  It  was  formerly  enclosed  by  walls,  some  remains  uf 
which  still  exist.  It  has  2  churches,  u  cha|iol  of  ease,  a 
Roman  Catholic  cathedral,  numerous  monasteries  and  nun- 
neries, an  endowed  classical  school,  a  bluo-cuat  school,  an 
infirmary,  a  mendicity-house,  an  institution  for  Protestant 
clergymen's  widows,  an  almshouse,  line  town  house,  niun- 
sion-house,  jail,  barracks,  workhouse,  custom-house,  linen- 
hall,  and  market.  Linen-  and  cotton-spinning  are  car- 
ried on  in  Drogheda  or  its  immediate  vicinity  to  a  very 
considerable  extent,  there  being  several  largo  mills  on  the 
banks  of  tho  Boyue.  There  are  also  an  extensive  foundry 
and  steam-engine  factory,  a  cotton-mill,  2  breweries,  a  num- 
ber of  tanneries,  several  soap-works,  and  a  small  ship-build- 
ing yard.  Drogheda  carries  on  likewise  a  large  export 
trade  by  means  of  steamers.  Tho  harbor  of  Drogheda  is 
formed  by  tho  waters  of  the  Boyno,  4  miles  from  the  sea, 
and  extends  about  half  a  mile  below  the  bridge,  with  16  to 
IS  feet  of  water  abreast  the  quays.  At  the  entrance  of  the 
harbor  are  3  light-houses.  The  harbor  has  been  much  im- 
proved of  late. 

Drogheda  was  a  principal  rendezvous  for  the  forces  which 
were  so  frequently  required  in  Ulster  between  the  four- 
teenth and  seventeenth  centuries.  In  1640  it  was  stormed 
by  Cromwell  and  its  garrison  put  to  the  sword,  and  in 
1690  it  resisted  the  attack  of  a  division  of  King  William's 
army.  Within  two  miles  of  its  walls  was  fought  tho  famous 
"Battle  of  the  Boyne."  Drogheda  was  also  the  seat  of 
many  Irish  parliaments  at  various  periods,  particularly 
during  the  fifteenth  century.  Among  the  remarkable 
architectural  antiquities  with  which  this  ancient  town  and 
its  vicinity  abound  are  Magdalen's  Steeple  and  Lawrence 
Gate.  Pop.  in  1871,  13,510;  in.  1881,  12,297;  in  1891, 
11,812;  of  the  parliamentary  borough  in  1891,  14,805. 

Drohit8in,Drohiczyn,orDrogitsin,dro-Hit'sbin, 
a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Grodno,  55  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Bialystok,  on  tho  Bug.  It  is  the  most  ancient  town  of 
Podlachia,  and  has  several  churches,  convents,  and  schools. 
Pop.  1110. 

Droliitsin,  or  Droghit'shin,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment of  Grodno,  25  miles  E.  of  Kobrin. 

Drohobicz,  dro'ho-bitch\  or  Dro'hovi8ch%  written 
also  Drohobice,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Galicia,  18  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Sambor.  It  has  numerous  churches  (one  of 
which  is  the  finest  specimen  of  ancient  architecture  in  Ga- 
licia), a  synagogue,  several  schools,  and  important  cattle- 
and  corn-markets.  Near  it  are  pitch-wells,  iron-mines,  and 
salt-works.     Pop.  16,884. 

Droitwich,  droit'itch  (anc.  .S'a/t'iiK?),  a  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  and  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Worcester,  at  a  railway 
junction.  It  has  several  churches,  a  well-endowed  poor's 
hospital  and  other  charities,  and  a  workhouse.  In  the 
centre  of  the  town  are  brine  springs,  wrought  from  tho  timo 
of  tho  ancient  Britons,  and  which  at  present  yield  annually 
110,000  tons  of  salt.     Pop.  3504. 

Drolshagen,  drols'hi^gh?n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  prov- 
ince of  Westphalia,  35  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cologne.     Pop.  599. 

Dromagn,  drom'in^  a  village  of  Ireland,  in  Munster, 
CO.  of  Cork,  5i  miles  S.W.  of  Kanturk.     It  has  collieries. 

Drome,  drom  (anc.  Dru'na),  a  river  of  France,  rises 
in  Hautes-Alpes,  flows  W.  through  Drome,  and  joins  the 
Rhone  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Valence.     Length,  60  miles. 

Drome,  a  department  in  the  S.E.  of  France,  enclosed 
by  the  Alpine  departments  of  Istire,  Vaucluse,  Hautes- 
Alpes,  and  Basses-Alpes,  nnd  by  the  Rhone,  which  river 
separates  it  on  the  W.  from  Ardcclie.  Area,  2508  square 
miles.  Chief  rivers,  the  Rhone,  Iserc,  and  Drome.  Sur- 
face, mountainous  in  the  E.  and  level  in  the  W.  Soil  gen- 
erally fertile.  Silk  and  wine  are  important  products.  The 
mineral  products  consist  of  coal,  iron,  copper,  lend,  marble, 
and  granite.  DrOme  is  divided  into  the  4  arrondissements 
of  Valence  (the  capital).  Crest,  Die,  and  Mont61imart.  Pop. 
in  1881,  313,763;  in  1891,  306,419. 

Dromershcim,  dro'm§rs-hime\  a  town  of  Hesse,  in 
Rhein-Hessen,  near  Bingen.    Pop.  1032. 

Dromore,  dro'more,  an  episcopal  city  of  Ireland,  co. 
of  Down,  on  the  Lagan,  14|  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Belfast, 
on  the  road  from  Dublin.  In  its  cathedral  lie  the  remains 
of  Jeremy  Taylor  and  other  bishops,  and  it  has  an  episcopal 
residence  and  various  antiquities.     Pop.  2408. 

Dronero,  dro-ni'ro  (anc.  Dracona'riitm  or  Drnf/one'- 
rium?),  a  city  of  Italy,  province  and  12  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Coni,  picturesquely  situated  at  the  confluence  of  the  llocca- 
bruna  with  the  Maira.  It  has  a  Benedictine  monastery,  a 
college  with  about  200  students,  and  a  hospital  erected  on 
the  site  of  the  old  castle  of  Dronero.     Pop.  7614. 

Dronfield,  dron'feeld,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Derby, 


DRO 


105^ 


Dill 


6  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Chesterfield.  It  has  a  beautiful 
ancient  cliurch,  a  grammar-school,  and  Beauchief  Abbey, 
in  ruins,  founded  in  1103.     Pop.  2475. 

Dronne,  dronn,  a  river  of  France,  after  a  S.W.  course 
of  90  miles  unites  with  the  Isle  near  Coutras. 

Dronryp»  dron-ripe',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Friesland,  6  miles  W.  of  Leeuwarden.     Pop.  1650. 

Drontheiin,  Norway.     See  Tro.vdhjem. 

Drooya,  or  Driya,  droo'yi,  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment of  Vilna,  on  the  Duna,  16  miles  W.  of  Drissa.    P.  3877. 

Drosau,  dro'zow,  Droschau,  dro'show,  or  Stra- 
czow,  str3,'chov,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  8  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Klattau.     Pop.  1760. 

Drosendorf,  dro'z§n-donr,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria, 
32  miles  N.  of  Kreins.     Pop.  833. 

Drossen,  dros's?n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg, 
14  miles  N.E.  of  Frankfort-on-the-Oder.  It  has  several 
ehurches,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths,  linen  fabrics, 
and  leather.     Pop.  5167. 

Drotingholm,  drot'ing-holm%  or  Drottiiingholm, 
drot'ning-holm\  a  royal  castle  of  Sweden,  6  miles  W.  of 
Stockholm,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Lake  Maelar.  Its  parks 
are  much  resorted  to  by  the  inhabitants  of  Stockholm. 

Drowned  (drownd)  Lands,  a  hamlet  of  Ulster  co., 
N.y.,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Ellenville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Drown'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bristol  co.,  R.I.,  on 
Narragansett  Bay,  7  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Providence. 
It  has  a  church  and  an  oyster-trade.     Pop.  97. 

Droyls'den,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  at  a 
railway  junction,  4  miles  E.  of  Manchester.     Pop.  6768. 

Droyssig,  drois'sio,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Saxony,  12 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Weissenfels.     Pop.  1462. 

Druecker,  drilK'er,  a  post-village  of  Ozaukee  co.. 
Wis.,  3  miles  (direct)  N.  of  Port  Washington,  and  28  miles 
N.  of  Milwaukee.    It  has  cement-works  and  general  stores. 

Druent,  droo-6nt'  or  droo-6N<>',  or  Drucnto,  droo-fin'- 
to  (L.  Dnien'tum),  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  7  miles 
N.W.  of  Turin.     Pop.  2436. 

Druentia,  the  Latin  name  of  Durance. 

Dru'idville,  a  village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  at  Wood- 
berry  Railroad  Station,  near  Druid  Hill  Park,  about  3  miles 
from  Baltimore.  It  has  a  manufactory  of  duck  for  awn- 
ings, and  iibout  50  houses.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is 
Woodberry. 

Driya,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Droova. 

Drum'bo,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
Grand  Trunk  Railway,  23  miles  E.S.E.  of  Stratford.  It 
contains  4  stores,  several  churches  and  hotels,  a  foundry, 
and  some  mills  and  factories.     Pop.  600. 

Drum  Cliff,  a  post-office  of  St.  Mary's  co.,  Md. 

Driim^clog',  a  hill  in  Lanarkshire,  Scotland,  and  the 
site  of  a  battle  between  the  Cameronians  and  the  royal 
troops,  1679,  in  which  the  former  were  victorious. 

Drumcon'dra,  or  Drumcou'ra,  a  village  of  Ire- 
land, CO.  and  2  miles  N.  of  Dublin. 

Drumcor'ee,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Westmeath. 

Drum  Creek,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  702.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Leavenworth,  Lawrence 
&,  Galveston  Railroad. 

Drumkee'ran,a  village  of  Ireland,  in  Leitrim.   P.  469. 

Drumlaii'rig  Castle,  a  residence  of  the  Duke  of 
Buccleuch,  in  Dumfriesshire,  Scotland,  3  miles  N.W.  of 
Thornhill.     It  has  magnificent  gardens. 

Drummond,  Macoupin  co..  111.    See  Mount  Olive. 

Drum'mond,  a  county  of  the  province  of  Quebec, 
in  the  interior.  Area,  622  square  miles.  The  St.  Francis 
River  passes  through  this  county.  Chief  town,  Drummond- 
Tille  East.     Pop.  14,281. 

Drummond  Grove,  a  township  of  Ford  co..  111. 
Pop.  568. 

Drum'mond  Island,  belonging  to  Chippewa  co., 
Mich.,  is  the  farthest  west  of  the  Manitoulin  Islands,  in 
Lake  Huron,  30  miles  E.  of  Mackinaw  City.  It  is  20  miles 
in  length  from  E.  to  AV.,  by  10  miles  in  its  greatest  breadth. 

Drummond  Islet,  a  small  island  of  the  China  Sea,  in 
the  Paracels  group,  220  miles  S.E.  of  Hainan. 

Drummond  Lake,  Virginia,  is  in  the  middle  of  the 
Dismal  Swamp,  partly  in  Nansomond  co.  and  partly  in 
Korfolk.     It  is  about  6  miles  in  diameter. 

DrummondtOAvn,  Va.    See  Accomack  CounT-HousE. 

Drum'mondville  East,  the  chief  town  of  Drum- 
mond  CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  St.  Francis  River,  and  on  a 
railway,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Melbourne.  It  has  2  hotels  and 
several  stores.     Pop.  400. 

Drummondville  West,  a  post-village  in  Wolland 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  Niagara  River,  near  the  Falls,  48  miles  by 
ifiil  S.E.  of  Hamilton,  and  24  miles  N.N.W.  of  Buffalo.     It 


has  churches  of  four  denominations,  2  observatories,  a  dozrn 
stores,  and  2  hotels.     Pop.  1000. 

Drummossie  Moor,  Scotland.     See  Culloden. 

Dru^more',  a  township  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Susquehanna  River.  Pop.  3061.  It  contains  Chestnut 
Level,  Buck,  Mechanic's  Grove,  Liberty  Square,  <fcc. 

Drum^quin',  a  village  of  Ireland,  in  Ulster,  co.  of 
Tyrone,  7i  miles  W.  of  Omagh.     Pop.  452. 

Drum's,  a  post-village  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  5  miles  N.W. 
of  Ilazleton.     It  has  2  stores,  a  hotel,  and  25  houses. 

Drnmsham'bo,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  and  44  miles 
N.  of  Leitrim,  at  the  S.  extremity  of  Lough  Allen.    P.  594. 

Drums'na,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Leitrim,  on  the 
Shannon,  and  on  a  railway,  4J  miles  E.S.E.  of  Carrick. 

Drum  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Tulare  co.,  Cal. 

Druna,  the  ancient  name  of  the  river  Duome. 

Drunen,  drii'n^n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
North  Brabant,  7  miles  AV.  of  Bois-le-Duc.     Pop.  1874. 

Dru'ry,  a  post-township  of  Rock  Island  co..  111.,  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  and  W.  by  the  Mississippi  River.  It  is 
about  3  miles  from  Muscatine,  Iowa.     Pop.  1331. 

Drusenheim,  droo'z§n-hirae^  (Fr.  pron.  drii'zdn'dm'), 
a  town  of  Alsace,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Moder  and  th* 
Rhine,  17  miles  S.  of  Wcissenburg.     Pop.  1642. 

Druses,  droo'ziz,  a  people  who  inhabit  the  chain  of 
Lebanon,  in  Syria,  but  cliiefly  the  S.  part,  E.  and  S.E,  of 
Beyroot,  and  about  the  sources  of  the  Jordan.  They  are 
found  also  in  the  Haooran.  They  are  remarkable  for  patient 
and  persevering  industry,  hospitality,  valor,  and  love  of 
country,  with  extreme  pride  of  birth.  Their  religious  rites 
are  but  little  known,  but  they  have  a  priesthood,  and  abhor 
all  religions  except  their  own.  .  They  neither  fast  nor  pray, 
but  they  believe  in  the  transmigration  of  souls.  Their  lan- 
guage is  Arabic.  The  capitals  of  the  Druses  are  Deir-ol- 
Kamer  and  Kunawat. 

Drushkopol,  droosh-ko'pol,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Yol- 
hynia,  32  miles  S.S.E.  of  Vladimeer.     Pop.  1080. 

Drusi  Burgum,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Doesburo. 

Druten,  drii't^n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Gel- 
derland,  on  the  AVaal,  11  miles  W.N.W.of  Nymwegen,  with 
a  castle  and  4366  inhabitants. 

Dry  Auglaize  River,  Missouri.    See  Auglaize. 

Dry  Bank,  an  islet  on  Florida  Reef,  near  Sombrero  Key, 

Dry  Bone,  a  post-hamlet  of  Iowa  co..  Wis.,  13  miles 
S.  of  Avoca  Station.     It  has  a  lead-mine. 

Dry  Branch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  Railroad,  60  miles  W.S.Wi 
of  St.  Louis.     It  has  a  church. 

Dry  Brook,  a  post-office  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y. 

Dry  Brook,  a  hamlet  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  in  Johns^' 
ton  township.     Pop.  135. 

Dry'burgh,  a  post-office  of  Halifax  co.,  Va. 

Dryburgh  Abbey,  dri'btir-riih  ab'beo  or  dri'burg  ab'» 
bee,  a  beautiful  ruin  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Roxburgh,  on  the 
Tweed,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Melrose.  The  ruin  forms  a  fitting 
cemetery  for  the  great  bard  of  romance,  Sir  Walter  Scott, 
whose  remains  were  interred  here  in  1832. 

Dry  Cove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  oo.,  Ala.,  10  miles 
(direct)  S.W.  of  Soottsborough. 

Dry  Creek,  California,  drains  part  of  Amador  co., 
runs  in  a  W.S.W.  direction,  forms  part  of  the  southern 
boundary  of  Sacramento  co.,  and  enters  the  Mokelumne 
River  about  20  miles  N.  of  Stockton. 

Dry  Creek,  a  township  of  Sacramento  co.,  Cal.     P.  963. 

Dry  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calcasieu  parish.  La.,  30 
miles  (direct)  N.  of  Lake  Charles. 

Dry  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co..  Mo.,  12 
miles  S.  of  Steelville. 

Dry  Creek,  a  township  of  Howell  co,.  Mo.    Pop.  1482. 

Dry  Creek,  a  township  of  Maries  co..  Mo.     Pop.  910. 

Dry  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.C.,  3 
miles  S.  of  Sulphur  Springs. 

Dry  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  S.C,  8 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Lancaster  Court-House. 

Dry  Creek,  a  post  office  of  Carter  co.,  Tenn. 

Dry'den,  a  post-village  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.,  in  Dry- 
den  township,  27  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Pontiac,  and  19 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Lapeer.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded 
school,  2  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  fruit-evaporators,  a 
foundry,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  322  ;  of  township,  1378. 

Dryden,  a  township  of  Sibley  co.,  Minn.,  10  miles  S. 
of  Glencoe,  and  about  24  miles  N.N.W.  of  St.  Peter.  The 
township  has  ^  churches.     Pop.  656. 

Dryden,  a  post-village  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.T.,  in  Dry- 
den township,  and  on  the  Southern  Central  Railroad,  30 
miles  N.  of  Owcgo,  and  11  or  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ithaca. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  tannery,  a  woollen- 


DRY 


1060 


Dm 


mill,  «nd  a  nownpnpor  offloe.  Pop.  «72.  The  township  is 
Ititvrsootod  by  tno  Utic»,  Ithaca  &,  Klinira  Rnilroiui,  and 
contains  villages  named  Etna  and  Frcoville.     Pop.  4558. 

Dry  Fork,  Missoari,  rises  in  Dent  oo.,  runs  northward 
through  Phelps  oo,,  and  enters  the  Marameo  Uiver  al>out  14 
mllos  E.  by  N.  fVom  Rolla, 

Dry  Pork  of  Cheat  River,  W.  Va.,  runs  N.E.  through 
Randolph  oo,,  and  enters  the  Cheat  River  in  Tucker  oo. 

Dry  Fork,  a  post-offloe  of  Carroll  oo.,  Ark. 

Dry  Fork,  a  post-offloe  of  Barren  oo.,  Ky. 

Dry  Fork,  a  po»t-offlco  of  Wise  oo,  Va. 

Dry  Fork  Depot,  a  post-office  of  Pittsylvania  co., 
A'a.,  on  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  lOJ  miles  N.  of 
Danville. 

Dry  Glaize,  a  post-office  of  Laclede  co.,  Mo. 

Dry  Cirove,  a  township  of  McLean  co.,  111.,  traversed 
by  tbo  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  A  Western  Railroad. 
Pop.  1267. 

Dry  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hinds  co.,  Miss.,  10  miles 
W.  of  Terry.  It  has  a  church  and  an  Episcopal  theological 
seminary  called  Bishop  Green  Associate  Mission. 

Dry  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Abbeville  oo.,  S.C. 

Dry  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Jackson  co..  III.,  7  miles  S.W. 
of  Ava. 

Dry  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lauderdale  co.,  Tenn.,  7 
miles  N.  of  Ripley.     It  has  an  academy. 

Dry  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Wright  co.,  Iowa. 

Drynien,  drlm'en,  a  village  and  parish  of  Scotland,  co. 
and  18  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Stirling.     Pop.  1405. 

Dry  Mills,  a  post-hamlot  of  Cumberland  co..  Me.,  in 
Gray  township,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Gray  Station.  It  has  a 
lumber-mill  and  a  barrel-factory. 

Dryon  Islands.    See  Duria.v  Islakdr. 

Dry  Point,  a  township  of  Shelby  co..  III.     Pop.  1671. 

Dry  Ridge,  a  post-village  of  Grant  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad,  3H  uiilcs  S.  of  Cincinnati. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  bnnk.  a  free  school,  and  5  tobacco 
wnrehouses.     Pop.  about  250. 

Dry  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Ky.,  at  Kinkaid 
Stiition,  5  miles  N.  of  Georgetown.     It  has  2  churches. 

Dry  Run,  a  post-office  of  Prentiss  oo.,  Miss. 

Dry  Ran,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co..  Pa.,  about  18 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Chambersbnrg.  It  has  2  churches  and  an 
academy. 

Dry  Run,  a  post-office  of  Pendleton  co.,  W.  Va. 

Dry  Saw  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Elk  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  12  miles  AV.  of  Driftwood. 

Dry's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Cabarrus  co.,  N.C. 

Dry  Tortugas,  tor-too'gas,  a  group  of  islets  or  keys, 
belonging  to  Monroe  co.,  Fla.,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Gulf 
of  Mo.xico,  120  miles  W.S.W.  of  the  S.  e.\tremity  of  the 
mainland  of  Florida ;  about  lat.  24°  37'  N.  and  Ion.  83°  W. 
They  are  10  in  number,  very  low,  and  partly  covered  with 
mangrove-bnshes.     See  Four  Jeffersox. 

Dry  Town,  a  post-village  of  Amador  co.,  Cal.,  about 
40  miles  E.8.E.  of  Sacramento.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
manufactory  of  wine.     Pop.  of  tho  township,  853. 

Dry  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co.,  Tenn. 

Dry  Valley  Cross  Roads,  a  post-village  of  Union 
CO.,  Pa.,  5  miles  from  Lewisburg.    It  has  a  church  and  a  store. 

Dry'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  eo.,  Pa.,  1  mile  from 
Lyons,  and  14  miles  N.E.  of  Reading.     It  has  a  church. 

Drywood,  a  village  of  Kansas.    See  Farlingtox. 

Dry'wood,  a  township  of  Bourbon  oo.,  Kansas.  Post- 
office  and  railroad  station,  Godfrey.     Pop.  1583. 

Drywood,  a  post-office  of  Vernon  co.,  Mo.,  6  miles  S. 
of  Nevada.     Pop.  of  township,  475. 

Dry  Wood,  a  post-office  of  Chippewa  co..  Wis. 

Dry'wood  Creek,  Missouri,  rises  in  Barton  eo.,  runs 
northward,  and  enters  the  Marmiton  River  in  Vernon  co. 
The  Big  Drywood  Creek  is  a  few  miles  W.  of  that  just  de- 
scribed. It  drains  part  of  Barton  co.,  runs  northward,  and 
ehter  the  Marmiton  about  9  miles  W.  of  Nevada. 

Drzewica,  dzhi-veet'si,  a  town  of  Poland,  province 
and  29  miles  W.  of  Radou.     Pop.  800. 

Dsanbo,  a  river  of  Thibet.    See  San-Poo. 

Dschurd8chowa,atownofWallachia.  SeeGiUROEVO. 

Dshizak,  a  town  of  Asia.     See  Jeezak. 

Dsjaloschizy,  a  town  of  Poland.    See  Dzialoszice. 

Duacum  and  Duagium.    See  Dodai. 

Daane,  du-in',  a  post-township  of  Franklin  co.,  N.Y., 
M  miles  S.  of  Malone.     It  has  mines  of  iron.     Pop.  289. 

Duanesbnrg,  du-inz'burg,  a  small  post-village  of 
Schenectady  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Duanesburg  township,  on  Nor- 
manskill  Creek,  and  on  a  branch  of  tho  Albany  &  Susque- 
hanna Railroad,  24  miles  W.  of  Albany.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  carrio^-faotory.     Pop.  of  township,  2930. 


Dnars,  a  region  of  India.    See  Eastern  Dwars. 

Du'art',  a  )M)8t-vlllago  in  Botbwell  co.,  Ontario,  14  uiilee 
S.  by  E.  of  Bothwell.     Pop.  200. 

Duault,dU^O',  a  village  of  France,  department  ofC6tes- 
du-Nord,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Guingarap.     Pop.  2805. 

Dnbarl,doo-b&'roe,  a  town  of  India,  Azimghur  district. 
Pop.  5014. 

Dubboi,  towns  of  India.    See  Dm  nnoiiKE  and  Dkdaee. 

Diibcn,  dli'b^n,  a  town  of  Prussian  Sa.xuny,  on  the 
Muldc,  18  miles  W.  of  Torgau.     Pop.  3683. 

Dnbcnetz,  doo'b^n-tts',  a  village  of  Bohemia,  6  miles 
from  Jaronieritc.     Pop.  1538. 

Dubenka,  doo-ben'k&,  or  Dubienka,  doob-y£n'k&, 
a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  province  of  Lublin,  on  the  Bug, 
10  miles  S.E.  of  Chelm.     Pop.  4341. 

Dubhne,  towns  of  India.    See  DurnnoREE  and  Drdarr. 

Dubicza,  or  Dubitza,  doo-boct's&,  a  fortified  town 
of  Bosnia,  on  the  Unna,  23  miles  W.  of  Grivdinka.  Pop.  MOO. 

Dubicza,  a  market-town  of  Croatia,  on  the  military 
frontier,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Unna,  oj)po8ite  Dubicza 
in  Bosnia.     Pop.  3153. 

Dnbiecko,  doo'be-fik'ko,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Gnlicia, 
on  the  bank  of  the  San,  75  miles  W.  of  Lombcrg.  It  ha« 
valuable  salt-mines.     Pop.  1120. 

Dubienka,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Dube.vka. 

Dubis,  tho  ancient  name  of  Doi'Bs. 

Dubitza,  a  town  of  Bosnia.     See  Dubicza. 

Dub'lin  (Irish,  Bnlly-ath-cliath,  "the  town  on  the  ford 
of  the  hurdles,"  or  Dnbh-Unn,  "  black  pool ;"  the  Eblana 
of  Ptolemy),  the  capital  city  of  Ireland  and  of  tho  county 
of  Dublin,  on  the  Liffcy,  close  to  its  entrance  into  Dublin 
Bay,  Irish  Sea,  66  miles  W.  of  Holyhead,  and  135  miles  W, 
of  Liverpool.  Lat.  of  observatory,  53°  23'  2"  N. ;  Ion.  6<» 
20'  5"  AV.  Mean  temperature  of  the  year,  49°  Fahr.; 
winter,  39°. 8 ;  summer,  59°. 6.  It  is  tho  residence  of  the 
Lord-L.eutcnant  of  Ireland,  the  see  of  Anglican  and  Roman 
Catholic  archbishops,  and  tho  centre  of  the  political,  ecele- 
siastical,  educational,  fiscal,  commercial,  military,  and  rail- 
way systems  of  the  kingdom. 

Dublin  is  divided  into  two  nearly  equal  parts  by  the 
LifFcy,  which  is  embanked  with  granite,  lined  on  both 
sides  with  spacious  quays,  and  spanned  by  9  bridges, — 7 
of  stone  and  2  of  iron.  The  city  is  flanked  N.  and  S.  by 
the  Royal  and  Grand  Canals,  and  was  formerly  surrounded 
by  a  highway  called  the  Circular  Road,  from  8  to  9  miles 
in  extent;  but  it  now  extends  beyond  that  limit.  The 
ground  on  which  it  is  built  rises  gently  to  the  N.  and 
the  S.W. ;  the  S.E.  portion  was  reclaimed  from  the  river. 
Nearly  in  the  centre  of  tho  southern  half  of  the  city  is 
Dublin  Castle,  an  edifice  of  different  ages,  built  on  an  ele- 
vated site,  and  containing  an  arsenal,  an  armory,  the  vice- 
regal chapel,  and  various  government  offices,  with  the  state 
apartments  of  the  Lord-Lieutenant  of  Ireland.  Adjoining 
the  castle  on  the  S.  are  its  gardens ;  and  on  its  N.  side  is 
the  elegant  E.-schange,  from  which  a  lino  of  streets  extending 
may  be  considered,  with  the  Liffey,  to  separate  Dublin  into 
four  quarters.  The  S.W.  quarter,  on  the  site  of  the  ancient 
city,  is  mostly  ill  built,  irregular,  and  filthy ;  in  this  part 
are  Christchurch  and  St.  Patrick's  cathedrals,  the  arch- 
bishop's palace,  and  the  royal  and  foundling  hospitals.  The 
N.W.  quarter,  much  more  regularly  built,  is  principally  in- 
habited by  the  trading  and  middle  classes.  On  its  outskirts 
are  many  good  edifices,  and  here  are  the  house  of  industry, 
Richmond  penitentiary,  blue-coat  hospital,  royal  barracks, 
Smithfield  and  Ormond  markets,  the  linen-hall,  and  the 
Courts  of  Law.  The  E.  quarter  of  Dublin  is  by  far  the 
handsomest,  comprising  in  the  N.E.  Sackville  street,  one  of 
the  finest  thoroughfares  in  Europe,  in  which  arc  the  post- 
office  and  the  Rotunda;  and  in  its  centre,  the  Nelson  Pillar, 
a  Doric  column  134  feet  in  height  and  surmounted  by  a 
statue ;  also  the  custom-house  and  Royal  Lying-in  Hospital, 
with  Mountjoy  and  Rutland  Squares  and  Marlborouf;h 
Green;  in  the  S.E.,  St.  Stephen's  Green,  in  which  is  the 
equestrian  statue  of  George  II.,  Merrion  and  Fitzwilliam 
Squares,  College  Green,  now  a  paved  area,  on  which  are  the 
Bank  of  Ireland  (formerly  the  Parliament  House),  Trinity 
College,  and  a  bronze  statue  of  William  III.,  Dame  street. 
Sir  P.  Dunn's  Hospital,  the  Dublin  Royal  Society  House, 
and  the  Mansion  House,  near  which  is  an  equestrian  statue 
of  George  I.  Tho  principal  edifices  not  hitherto  mentioned 
comprise  St.  George's  church,  29  other  Protestant  parochial 
churches  and  as  many  chapels  of  ease,  numerous  Roman 
Catholic  parochial  churches,  several  friaries,  monasteries, 
and  convents,  numerous  dissenting  chapels,  a  synagogue, 
the  commercial  buildings,  corn  exchange,  royal  hospital 
at  Kilmainham,  various  barracks,  several  hospitals,  the 
general  dispensary,    Richmond  lunatic  asylum,   the  city 


I>UB 


1061 


DUB 


ossembly  house,  corporate  halls,  sessions-house,  Newgate  and 
other  prisons,  and  some  fine  theatres. 

Its  university,  chartered  in  1591,  and  situated  in  Trinity 
College,  has  noble  buildings,  and  is  one  of  the  richest  cor- 

? orations  and  the  most  important  educational  institution  in 
reland.  It  sends  two  members  to  Parliament.  Dublin  has 
also  a  Roman  Catholic  university,  with  a  prosperous  medi- 
cal school  attached.  It  is  the  chief  seat  of  the  Queen's 
University  of  Ireland;  but  none  of  the  colleges  of  that  im- 
portant institution  are  situated  here.  Dublin  has  a  royal 
college  of  science,  colleges  of  physicians  and  surgeons,  an 
apothecaries'  hall,  royal  Irish  and  Hibernian  academies,  a 
royal  institution,  zoological,  geological,  archaeological,  agri- 
cultural, horticultural,  and  other  societies,  various  clubs,  and 
a  mechanics'  institute.  The  Zoological  Society  has  gardens 
in  the  Phoenix  Park,  a  fine  open  space  at  the  W.  extremity 
^f  the  city,  and  in  which  is  the  Wellington  Testimonial, 
a  heavy  obelisk,  raised  at  a  cost  of  £20,000.  This  park, 
the  Rotunda,  and  the  Zoological  Gardens,  are  the  favorite 
places  of  resort  for  the  inhabitants.  The  villages  of  Rings- 
end,  Irishtown,  Sandymount,  Ballsbridge,  Donnybrook, 
Ranelagh,  Rathmines,  Ilerold's  Cross,  Kilmainham,  Glass- 
nevin,  Drumcondra,  and  Clontarf  are  in  tlie  immediate  sub- 
urbs of  the  city,  the  environs  of  which  have  much  picturesque 
beauty.  Of  these  suburbs,  the  largest  is  Black  Rock,  a 
town  of  8089  inhabitants,  and  a  sea-bathing  resort,  4  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  the  city  proper. 

The  harbor  has  been  latterly  much  improved,  and  near  the 
mouth  of  the  Liffey  are  the  Grand  Canal  and  the  custom- 
bouse  docks,  the  latter  occupying  8  acres;  depth  at  low 
water  12  feet,  at  high  tides  24  feet.  Dublin  ha!d  formerly 
important  manufactures  of  woollen,  silk,  and  cotton  fabrics, 
but  they  have  declined  into  insignificance,  and  at  present 
its  chief  trade  is  in  linens,  poplins,  porter,  provisions,  <fec., 
and  its  only  important  manufacture  is  that  of  whisky  and 
malt  liquors. 

The  environs  of  Dublin  are  remarkably  beautiful,  although 
the  city  itself  is  somewhat  unfortunate  in  its  approaches, 
none  of  which  do  it  justice.  The  bay  is  noble  and  pictu- 
resque, and  esteemed  one  of  the  finest  in  the  United  King- 
dom ;  it  is  about  7  miles  in  breadth  at  its  entrance,  between 
Ilowth  Head  on  the  N.  and  Kingston  on  the  S.,  with  a  light- 
house. It  extends  inland  for  about  the  same  distance ;  and 
along  the  shores  are  the  villages  of  Kingstown,  Blackrock, 
Clontarf,  Ratheny,  <tc.,  and  terraces  of  handsome  houses 
and  scattered  villas.  In  the  centre  flows  in  the  Liffey,  and 
on  either  side  the  Dodder  and  the  Tolka. 

The  metropolis  of  Ireland  claims  a  high  antiquity,  having 
been  in  existence,  it  is  alleged,  since  the  time  of  Ptolemy. 
Its  original  native  name  was  Drom-Col-Coille,  or  the  "Hill 
of  Ilazelwood."  In  the  earlier  part  of  the  ninth  century 
Dublin  was  taken  by  the  Danes,  who  infested  it  for  several 
centuries  thereafter.  In  1169  it  was  taken  by  storm  by  the 
English  under  Strongbow,  who  died  there  seven  years  after- 
wards and  was  interred  in  Christchurch  cathedral.  From 
about  this  period  the  history  of  Dublin  is  that  of  Ireland. 
The  city  returns  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons, 
besides  the  two  returned  by  the  university.  Pop.  in  1841, 
232,726;  in  1851,  254,850;  in  1861,  249,733;  in  1871, 
246,326;  in  1881,  249,602;  in  1891,  254,709,  or  within  the 
metropolitan  police  district,  361,891. 

Dublin,  a  county  of  Ireland,  in  Leinster,  has  E.  the 
Irish  Sea,  and  landward,  from  the  S.  round  to  N.,  the  cos.  of 
Wioklow,  Kildare,  and  Meath.  Area,  354  square  miles,  of 
which  196,063  acres  are  arable.  The  surface  is  level  or  un- 
dulating; principal  river,  the  Lifi'ey.  Capital,  Dublin.  It 
sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Pop.  in 
1881,418,910;  in  1891,429,111. 

Diib'lin,  a  post-ofBce  of  Fayette  co.,  Ala. 

Dublin,  a  post-oflice  of  Logan  co..  Ark. 

Dublin,  a  hamlet  of  Alameda  co.,  Cal.,  5  miles  from 
Pleasanton  Railroad  Station.    It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 

Dublin,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Laurens  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Oconee  River,  about  56  miles  S.E.  of  Macon.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  862. 

Dublin,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.,  2  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Cambridge  City,  and  17  miles  W.  of  Richmond. 
It  has  6  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Pop.  in  1890,  806. 

Dublin,  a  post-village  of  Graves  co.,  Ky.,  10  miles  W. 
of  Mayficld.  It  has  2  ehurehes,  a  chair-factory,  a  tobacco- 
factory,  and  a  public  school.     Pop.  150. 

Dublin,  a  post-village  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  about  36 
miles  N.E.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop,  123. 

Dublin,  a  station  in  Somerset  CO.,  Md.,  on  the  New  York, 
Philadelphia  &  Norfolk  Railroad,  near  Princess  Anne. 

Dublin,  a  post-office  of  Coahoma  co.,  Miss. 


Dublin,  a  post-office  of  Boone  co..  Neb. 

Dublin,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Cheshire 
CO.,  N.H.,  in  Dublin  township,  7  miles  W,  of  Peterborough, 
and  about  38  miles  S.W.  of  Concord,  It  has  2  churches. 
Great  Monadnock  Mountain  is  on  the  S.  border  of  this 
township.     Pop.  of  the  township,  582. 

Dublin,  a  hamlet  of  Seneca  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Junius  town- 
ship, 6  miles  S.S,E,  of  Lyons,     Here  is  Junius  Post-Office. 

Dublin,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Franklin  co,, 
0.,  on  the  Scioto  River,  about  13  miles  above  Columbus. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  3  flour-mills.  Pop. 
in  1890,  296. 

Dublin,  a  township  of  Mercer  co.,  0.    Pop.  2625, 

Dublin,  a  post-village  of  Bucks  co,.  Pa.,  on  the  S.W. 
line  of  Bedminster  township,  about  36  miles  N,  of  Phila- 
delphia, and  6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Doylestown.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Dublin,  a  township  of  Fulton  co..  Pa.     Pop,  941. 

Dublin,  a  township  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.,  contiguous 
to  Dublin,  Fulton  co.     Pop.  967.     It  contains  Shade  Gap. 

Dublin,  a  post-village  of  Erath  co.,  Tex.,  90  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Fort  Worth,  and  14  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of 
Stephenville.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  cotton-compress,  an  ice-factory,  and  bottling- 
works.     Pop.  2025. 

Dublin,  a  post-village  of  Pulaski  co,,  Va,,  35  miles  by 
rail  W.  by  S.  of  Salem.     It  has  5  churches, 

Dublin,  Peel  co.,  Ontario.     See  Campbell's  Cross, 

Dublin  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  Irish  Sea,  eo.  of  Dublin, 
between  Howth  Head  on  the  N.,  lat,  53°  21'  40"  N.,  Ion. 
6°  3'  5"  W.,  and  Kingstown  on  the  S.,  with  the  light-house 
in  lat.  53°  18'  N.,  Ion.  6°  8'  W.  Its  length,  and  breadth  of 
entrance,  are  each  about  7  miles.  The  shores  are  bold  and 
highly  picturesque.  At  its  W.  end  is  the  mouth  of  the  river 
Lifi'ey,  with  Dublin  harbor, 

Dublin  Corners,  Ontario.    See  New  Dublin. 

Dublin  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co,,  Pa.,  in 
Taylor  township, 

Dublin  Range,  Megantic  co,,  Quebec.     See  Irvine. 

Dubnicz,  doob'nits',  a  town  of  Hungary,  oo.  and  7 
miles  N.E.  of  Trentschin,  near  the  Waag,     Pop,  1600, 

Dubnicza,  doob'nit's&,  a  town  of  Bulgaria,  22  miles  S. 
of  Sophia,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Djerma.  Pop.  6000.  It 
has  extensive  iron-works. 

Dubno,  doob'no,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Volhynia,  on  the 
Irwa,  32  miles  W.  of  Ostrog.  Pop.  7953,  It  has  a  castle, 
numerous  churches,  and  a  Greek  abbey, 

Dubois,  doo-boi'  or  du-bois',  a  county  in  the  S,W,  part 
of  Indiana,  has  an  area  of  about  430  square  miles.  It  ia. 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  East  Fork  of  White  River,  and  is 
drained  by  Patoka  and  other  creeks.  The  surface  is  partly 
level  and  partly  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered 
with  dense  forests;  the  soil  is  fertile,  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
oats,  pork,  and  tobacco  are  the  staple  products.  Bitumi- 
nous coal  is  found.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Louisville, 
Evansville  &  St,  Louis  Railroad,  Capital,  Jasper,  Pop. 
in  1870,  12,597;  in  1880,  15,992;  in  1890,  20,253, 

Dubois,  a  post-office  of  Dodge  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Macon 
A  Brunswick  Railroad,  46  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Macon, 

Dubois,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co..  III.,  on  th» 
Illinois  Central  Railroad,  at  Dubois  Station,  22  miles  S.  of 
Centralia,     Coal  is  mined  here,     Dubois  has  2  churches, 

Dubois,  a  post-village  of  Dubois  co.,  lud.,  10  miles 
(direct)  N.E.  of  Jasper.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  150, 

Dubois,  a  post-village  of  Pawnee  co,.  Neb.,  8  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Pawnee  City.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  316. 

Dubois,  a  post-borough  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  129  miles  E.N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  machine-shop,  2 
planing-mills,  a  large  lumber-mill,  a  sash-  and  blind- 
factory,  and  several  coal-mines.     Pop,  in  1890,  6149. 

Dnbois'town,  a  post-village  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa..  2i 
miles  S.  of  Williarasport,   It  has  2  saw-mills,    P.(1890)697. 

Dubosary,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Doobosaky, 

Dubovka,  or  Dubovski-Posad.    See  Doobovka. 

Dubozari,  Russia.     See  Doobosary, 

Dubrajpoor,  doo'brSj'poor',  a  town  of  Bengal,  district 
and  15  miles  S.W.  of  Beerbhoom,  It  is  surrounded  by 
tanks  and  fish-pools,  and  has  a  large  trade. 

Dubris.     See  Doltvres  and  Dover, 

Dubrovna,  doo'brov'ni,  a  town  of  Russia,  47  milen 
N.N,E,  of  Moheelev,  on  the  Dnieper,  and  near  a  railway. 
It  hivs  a  synagogue,  and  manufactures  of  clocks  and  woollen 
fabrics.     Pop.  7114. 

Dubrovnik,  the  Slavonic  for  Ragusa. 

Dubrownik)  an  island  in  the  Adriatic.    See  Chroha. 


DUB 


1062 


DUD 


Dabaqne,  du-bak',  %  oounty  in  the  E.  part  of  Iowa, 
bordering  on  Wiaeonsin,  ha«  an  area  of  about  625  iquaro 
Milw.  It  U  bounded  on  the  N.  and  N.K.  by  the  Miwisaippl 
Hirer,  and  U  partly  drained  by  the  LUtle  Maouoketa  River. 
n«  inrfaoe  U  undulating,  and  it  diversified  with  prairies 
and  forests ;  the  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
oata,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  MagncMan 
UiD«ston«  (Lower  Silurian)  underlies  this  county,  which  has 
also  mines  of  lead.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Iowa  division 
of  the  Illinois  Central  Kailroad,  the  Chicago,  Burlington 
A  Northern  Railroad,  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A,  St.  Paul 
Kuilruad,  and  the  Chicngo,  St.  Paul  <fc  Kansas  City  Rail- 
road, all  of  which  converge  at  Dubuque,  the  capital  of  the 
county.  In  1890  this  was  the  tliird  county  in  the  rtate  in 
populuiion.  Pop.  in  1870,  38,969;  in  1880,  42,996;  in 
1890,  49,848. 

Dubuque,  a  city  of  Iowa,  capital  of  Dubuque  co.,  on 
a  commanding  site  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Mis$i8»iippi  River, 
opposite  Dunleith  (now  East  Dubuque),  III,,  with  which  it 
is  connected  by  a  steam  ferry,  a  rr.ilway  bridge  of  iron, 
and  a  wagon-bridge  08  feet  above  bigh-water-mark.  It  is 
198  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chicago,  and  455  miles  by  river  above 
Bt.  Louis.  It  is  a  port  of  entry  and  delivery,  and  is  the 
point  of  junction  of  five  important  railway  lines.  It  is 
the  principal  business  centre  of  the  lead-region  of  the 
Northwest,  and  the  oldest  town  in  the  state.  It  contains 
numerous  fine  churches,  including  the  Catholic  cathedral 
of  St.  Raphael,  a  court-house,  a  custom-house,  a  city  hall, 
St.  Joseph's  College  and  Academy  (Catholic),  St.  Mary's 
Academy,  several  convents,  a  German  Presbyterian  divinity 
school,  the  Iowa  Institute  of  Science  and  Arts,  2  business 
colleges,  an  Episcopalian  school,  3  national,  2  state,  and  2 
savings-banks,  9  weekly,  1  semi-monthly,  6  monthly,  and  4 
daily  periodicals,  and  manufactures  of  wooden-ware,  bricks, 
leather,  white  lead,  shot,  engines,  machinery,  farming- 
implements,  beer,  flour,  soap,  candles,  artificial  stone,  &c. 
The  town  was  named  from  Julien  Dubuque,  who  settled  here 
in  1788  and  engaged  in  lead-mining.  The  first  permanent 
settlement  witbin  the  present  limits  of  Iowa  was  mode 
here,  in  1827.  It  does  an  extensive  jobbing  business,  and 
is  the  centre  of  a  large  trade  by  river  and  rail.  It  is  the 
seat  of  the  Catholic  bishop  of  Dubuque.  Pop.  in  1880, 
22,254;  in  1890,  30.311  ;  present  pop.  iibout  36,000. 

Ducates,  or  Doucates,  doo'kiHfis  (?),  a  town  of 
European  Turkey,  in  Albania,  8  miles  S.  of  Aviona.  It  is 
the  capital  of  a  numerous  tribe  of  Albanians,  whose  govern- 
ment is  patriarchal. 

Ducey,  dii'si',  a  village  of  France,  in  Manche,  7  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Avranches.     Pop.  1882. 

Duchouqnet,  du'shoo-k6t'  or  du'shoo-ki',  a  township 
in  Auglaize  CO.,  0.  Pop.  3959.  It  contains  Criderville  and 
Wanakoneta. 

Duchowschtschina,  Russia.    See  Dookovcheena. 

Dnchs,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Dcx. 

Ducie  (du'seo)  Island,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  is  oval- 
shaped,  and  of  coral  formation,  with  a  lagoon  in  its  centre. 
Lat.  24°  30'  S.;  Ion.  124°  20'  W. 

Duck  Creek,  in  Australia,  is  an  arm  of  the  Macquarie 
River,  and  the  principal  channel  by  which  its  waters  reach 
the  Darling  River. 

Duck  Creek,  Colorado,  rises  in  El  Paso  co.,  runs  south- 
eastward in  Bent  co.,  and  enters  the  Arkansas  llivcr  about 
20  miles  above  Las  Animas. 

Duck  Creek,  Delaware,  forms  the  boundary  between 
Kent  and  New  Castle  cos.,  and  enters  Delaware  Bay. 

Duck  Creek,  Ohio,  drains  part  of  Noble  co,,  runs 
southward  through  Washington  co.,  and  enters  the  Ohio 
River  about  2  miles  above  Marietta. 

Duck  Creek,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Outagamie  co.,  runs 
northeastward,  and  enters  Green  Bay  in  Brown  co.,  about 
2  miles  N.  of  Fort  Howard. 

Duck  Creek,  a  hundred  of  Kent  co.,  Del.  It  extends 
across  the  sUvtc,  and  contains  Brenford,  Kenton,  Smyrna, 
and  Bombay  Hook  Island,     Pop.  4279. 

Duck  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Walker  co.,  Ga.,  8  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Lafayette.  It  has  several  stores,  flouring-mills, 
and  other  business  concerns. 

Duck  Creek,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Ind.    P.  1325. 

Duck  Creek,  a  township  of  Wilson  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
559.     It  contains  Jurett. 

Duck  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Onslow  co,,  N.C,  about 
4  miles  from  the  ocean. 

Duck  Creek,  a  hamlet  of  Dallas  co,,  Tex,,  15  miles 
N,E.  of  Dallas.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 

Duck  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Brown  co,.  Wis.,  on 
Duck  Creek,  and  at  the  junction  of  two  railroads,  6  miles 
W.  of  Green  Bay.     Here  is  a  large  stone-quarry. 


Dockentteld,  a  town  of  England,    See  Ditkinfiki.d, 

Duck'erM,  a  poi<t-ofllce  of  Woodford  co,,  Ky.,  on  the 
railroad  between  Frankfort  and  Lexington,  8  miles  E.  of 
Frankfort. 

Duck'er  Station,  a  post-office  of  Dougherty  oo.,  Oa., 
on  the  Southwestern  Railroad,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Albany, 

Duck  Hill,  a  post- village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Miss., 
on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  A  Chicago  Railroad,  12  uiilet 
S.  of  Grenada.     It  has  3  churches. 

Duck  Island,  Ontario,  is  in  Lake  Huron,  off  the  S. 
coast  of  the  Great  Manitoulin  Island. 

Duck  Isle,  an  island  of  Hancock  co..  Me. 

Duck  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  co.,  Mich. 

Duck  Pond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co..  Me., 
about  8  miles  N.W.  of  Portland.     It  has  a  church  and  a     j 
manufactory  of  wooden-ware. 

Duck  Port,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  parish.  La.,  4  or 
6  miles  N.  of  Mound  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Duck  Riv'er,  Tennessee,  rises  in  Coflce  co,,  and  rum 
nearly  westward,  with  a  little  deviation  towards  the  N.  It 
intersects  the  fertile  counties  of  Bedford,  Marshall,  Mnury, 
and  Hickman,  and  enters  the  Tennessee  River  in  Hum- 
phreys co,,  about  16  miles  S,W.  of  Waverly.  It  is  about 
200  miles  long.  It  flows  through  forests  of  cedar,  ash, 
beech,  hickory,  maple,  oak,  walnut,  and  tulip-tree. 

Duck  River,  a  post-office  of  Hickman  co,,  Tcnn.,  on 
Duck  River,  about  44  miles  S.W,  of  Nashville. 

Duck  River,  a  station  in  Maury  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Nashville  A  Decatur  Railroad,  5  miles  N,E.  of  Columbia, 

Duck  River,  Quebec.    See  Poixte  au  Bouleau. 

Duck  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Etowah  co,,  Ala. 

Duck'town,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co.,  Tenn.,  59  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Madisonville,  and  17  miles  (direct)  S.E.  of 
Benton.  It  has  7  churches,  a  newspaper  affice,  manufac- 
tures of  iron  ore,  slate,  and  marble,  and  valuable  copper- 
mines.     Pop.  221. 

Duck'worth's,  a  station  on  the  B.altimore  4  Ohio 
Railroad,  7  miles  AV,N,W.  of  West  Union,  W.  Va. 

Duclair,  or  Dueler,  dii'klin',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Seine-Inf6rieure,  on  the  Seine,  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Rouen. 
Pop,  1810, 

Dncnm  Burgum,the  Latin  name  of  HEnzocEXBcna. 

Dud'deston,  a  township  of  England,  co.  of  Warwick, 
forming  the  N.E.  suburb  of  Birmingham,  It  is  well  laid 
out,  on  an  elevated  plain,  is  lighted  with  gas,  and  is  rapidly 
increasing  in  size  and  population.     Pop.  45,986. 

Dud'dingston,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  3  miles 
by  rail  E,  of  Edinburgh.  Pop.  of  parish  (including  part 
of  Portobello),  6369. 

Dud'don,  a  river  of  England,  after  a  S.W.  course  of 
about  8  miles,  between  Cumberland  and  Lancashire,  joins  the 
Irish  Sea  N.  of  Morecambe  Bay.  The  river  is  celebrated 
in  a  series  of  sonnets  by  Wordsworth. 

Dudeldorf,  doo'd^l-donr,  a  town  of  Prussia,  govern- 
ment and  18  miles  N.  of  Treves.     Pop.  910. 

Diidelsheim,  dii'd§ls-hime\  a  town  of  Hesse,  ncai 
Biidingen.     Pop.  1144. 

Dudenhofen,  doo'd?n-ho'f?n,  a  village  of  Hesse,  prov- 
ince of  Starkenburg,  near  Seligenstadt.     Pop.  1153. 

Duderstadt,  doo'd^r-stJtt^,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Han- 
over, 15  miles  S.E,  of  Gottingen.  It  has  a  Roman  Catholio 
seminary,  a  gymnasium,  and  a  convent.     Pop.  4127. 

Diidingcn,  dii'ding-?n  (Fr,  Guin,  gis"),  a  village  of 
Switzerland,  canton  and  3  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Frej'- 
burg.     Pop.  2342. 

Dudley,  dfid'lee,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Wor- 
cester, of  which  it  is  a  detached  part,  surrounded  by  the  co. 
of  Stafibrd,  at  a  railway  junction,  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bir- 
mingham. It  has  several  good  streets,  fine  churches  and 
numerous  chapels,  a  grammar-school  free  to  all  parish- 
ioners, Baylie's  Charity  School,  a  blue-coat  school,  several 
other  liberally-endowed  schools,  a  town  hall,  a  hospital,  art 
school,  geological  museum,  and  a  bank.  It  is  a  principal 
seat  of  the  iron-trade,  its  vicinity  abounding  with  mines  of 
coal  and  iron  and  with  limestone-quarries.  It  has  glass- 
works, tanneries,  breweries,  brass-foundries,  Ac.  The  Dud- 
ley Canal  joins  the  Birmingham  A  Worcester  Canal  4  miles 
S.  of  Birmingham.     Pop,  in  1891,  45,740. 

Dudley,  a  post-village  of  Edgar  co,,  HI,,  on  the  In- 
dianapolis A  St,  Louis  Railroad,  8  miles  W,S.W.  of  Paris. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop,  in  1890,  147. 

Dudley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Ind.,  7  miles 
(direct)  S.W.  of  Bloomington. 

Dudley,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  Ind.  Pop,  1395.  It 
contains  Lewisville  and  New  Lisbon. 

Dudley,  a  post-village  of  Wapello  co.,  Iowa,  12  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Ottumwa.     It  has  a  feed-mill. 


DUD 


1063 


DUL 


Dudley,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  cc,  Mass.,  in  Dud- 
ley township,  about  18  miles  S.  by  W.  from  AVorcester.     It 
has  a  church  and  an  academy.     The  township  is  drained 
by  the  Quinebaug  River.     It  has  manufactures  of  linen, 
fancy  cassimeres,  shoe-knives,  and  paper,  and  is  traversed 
by  the  Southbridge  Branch  of  the  New  York  A  New  England 
Railroad  (West  Dudley  Station).     Pop.  of  township,  2944. 
Dudley,  Camden  co.,  N.J.    See  Cramer's  Hill. 
Dudley,  a  post- village  of  Wayne  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  Wil- 
mington <t  Weldon  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Goldsborough, 
and  75  miles  N.  of  Wilmington.    It  has  3  churches  and  a 
lumber-mill. 
Dudley,  a  township  of  Hardin  co.,  0.    Pop.  1008. 
Dudley,  a  post-oflBce  of  Noble  co.,  0.,  on  tne  Marietta, 
Pittsburg  &  Cleveland  Railroad,  32  miles  N.  of  Marietta. 

Dudley,  a  post-village  of  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.,  in  Car- 
bon township,  on  the  Huntingdon  &  Broad  Top  Railroad,  31 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Huntingdon.     It  has  2  churches. 

Dudley's,  a  station  on  the  Louisville  <fe  Memphis  Rail- 
road, in  Montgomery  co.,  Tenn.,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Clarksville. 
Dudley  Siding,  a  station  in  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Parker  &  Karns  City  Railroad,  5  miles  from  Parker. 

Dud'leytown,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Ind., 
about  42  miles  N.  of  New  Albany.     It  has  2  churches. 

Dud'leyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tallapoosa  co.,  Ala.,  8 
miles  N.  of  Camp  Hill  Railroad  Station.    It  has  2  churches. 
Dudleyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bond  co.,  111.,  5  miles 
S.  of  Greenville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Duds'well,  the  chief  town  of  Wolfe  co.,  Quebec,  21 
miles  N.E.  of  Sherbrooke.     Pop.  875. 

Dudweiler,  doot'*i-l?r,  or  Deutweiler,  doit'<^i-l?r, 
A  commune  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  with  a  hamlet  of  the  same 
name  (pop.  150),  5  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Saarbruck.  Here 
are  coal-mines,  iron-works,  and  shops  for  dressing  fire-proof 
Btone.     Pop.  10,029. 

Dudzeele,  dud-zi'l?h,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Flanders,  4i  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  2100. 
Dueast's,  a  township  of  Cabarrus  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  1015. 
Dnelm,  dwelm,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benton  co.,  Minn.,  12 
miles  E.  of  Sauk  Rapids.     It  has  a  church. 

Dneftas,  doo-Sn'yis,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  5 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Palencia,  near  the  Pisuerga.  In  its 
vicinity  is  a  handsome  iron  suspension-bridge,  called  "  Pu- 
erto de  la  Union."     Pop.  3908. 

Dnerna,  doo-Sn'na,  a  river  of  Spain,  rises  in  the  E. 
slope  of  the  Sierra  del  Teleno,  and,  after  a  course  of  40 
miles,  joins  the  Tuerto  from  the  right  near  La  Bafieza. 
Ducro,  a  river  of  Spain  and  Portugal.     See  DouRO. 
Due  West,  a  post-village  of  Abbeville  co.,  S.C,  about 
90  miles  W.N.W.  of  Columbia.     A  weekly  religious  paper 
is  published  here.    Due  West  is  the  seat  of  Erskine  College 
(Associate  Reformed  Presbyterian),  and  has  3  churches,  a 
carriage-shon,  and  a  female  college.     Pop.  400. 
Dutf,  a  post-office  of  Dubois  co.,  Ind. 
Duffau,  diiffow,  a  post-village  of  Erath  co.,  Tex.,  13 
miles  (direct)  S.E.  of  Stepbenville.     It  has  4  churches, 
flour-mills,  and  a  newspaper  oflSce.     Pop.  200. 

Dufl'el,  diiff?!,  or  Diiffel,  dUf'f?!  (Fr.  pron.  drfgl'), 
a  village  of  Belgium,  10  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Antwerp,  and 
on  the  Nethe.     Pop.  4460. 

DuFfield,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Derby,  nt  a 
railway  junction,  4  miles  N.  of  Derby.  Pop.  6737  ;  of  Duf- 
field  parish,  including  Belper,  Milford,  and  Heage,  15,537. 
DufBeld'8,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  W.Va.,  6 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Harper's  Ferry.  It  has  2  churches 
and  an  academy.     Pop.  100. 

Duff's  Islands,  a  group  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  lat.  10° 
23'  S.,  Ion.  165°  49'  E.     They  are  about  1 1  in  number. 
Dufftown,  Scotland.    See  Mortlach. 
DuPfus,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  3  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Elgin,  near  Moray  Firth.     Pop.  of  parish,  3716. 

Du^fur',  a  post-village  of  Wasco  co.,  Oregon,  15  miles 
from  The  Dalles.     It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  an  academy.     Pop.  425. 
Dug,  a  town  of  India,  80  miles  S.  of  Kotah. 
Dn'gan,  a  station,  5  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Charles,  La. 
Dug^demo'na   River,   Louisiana,   drains  parts   of 
Bienville  and  Jackson  parishes,  runs  southeastward  through 
Winn  parish,  and  unites  with  Bayou  Castor.     The  stream 
formed  by  this  confluence  is  called  Little  River. 

Dng'ger,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co.,  Ind.,  10  miles 
by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Sullivan.  It  has  2  churches,  coal- mines, 
Ac.     Pop.  about  600. 

Dugger's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Boone  co.,  Ark.,  60 
miles  N.  of  Atkins.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Dugnano,  doon-yi'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Milan,  6  miles  W.  of  Monia.     Pop.  1514. 


Dug  Spur,  a  post-oflRce  of  Carroll  co.,  Va. 
Dug'way,  a  post-village  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Albion 
township,  about  22  miles  E.  of  Oswego. 

Duida,  dwee'dd,  a  mountain  of  Venezuela,  lat.  3°  10' 
N.,  Ion.  66°  10'  W.,  about  20  miles  N.E.  from  the  point  where 
the  Cassiquiare  leaves  the  Orinoco.  It  rises  to  an  elevation 
of  8500  feet,  and  presents  an  imposing  landmark  to  the 
voyager  on  the  Orinoco. 

Duino,  dwee'no,  called  also  Tybein,  or  Tybain, 
te-bin'  (anc.  Castel'lum  Puci'numf),  a  sesiporttown  of  Aus- 
tria, government  and  12  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Triest,  on 
the  N.  coast  of  its  gulf.     Pop.  360. 

Duisburg,  doo'is-booRC^  (anc.  Cat'tnim  Detuo'iiitT),  a 
town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  at  the  junction  of  several  rail 
ways,  15  miles  N.  of  Dusscldorf,  between  the  Ruhr  and  the 
Anger,  near  the  Rhine.  It  has  an  orphanage,  a  great  Prot- 
estant philanthropic  institute,  called  Diakoneimustdlt,  a 
gymnasium,  and  manufactures  of  woollen,  cotton,  and  iron 
goods,  chemicals,  sugar,  Ac.  It  is  said  to  derive  it«  name 
from  the  Teutones,  who  had  a  camp  here,  it  is  a  place  of 
rapid  recent  growth.  Pop.  in  1875,  37,380  ;  in  1890,  59,285. 
Duiveland,  doi'veh-lint*  ("pigeon-land"),  an  island 
of  the  Netherlands,  Zealand,  in  the  East  Scheldt,  separated 
from  Schouwen  by  a  narrow  channel.  Length,  from  E.  to 
W.,  8  miles;  breadth,  5  miles.     It  is  defended  by  dikes. 

Duiven,  doi'v^n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Gel- 
derland,  6  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Arnhem.     Pop.  2684. 

Duke,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa,  12  miles  8. 
of  Dubuque.     It  has  a  church. 

Duke  Centre,  a  post-village  of  McKean  co..  Pa.,  9 
miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Kinzua  Junction,  and  8  miles  N. 
of  Smethport.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  is  mainly  supported  by  the  oil-business.  Pop. 
in  1890,  600. 

Dnke'dom,  a  post-village  of  Weakley  co.,  Tenn.,  14 
miles  N.  of  Dresden.     It  has  2  churches. 

Dukella,  doo-k51'li,  a  maritime  district  of  Morocco, 
S.W.  of  the  Morbeva,  between  lat.  32°  10'  and  33°  15'  N. 
Duke  of  Clarence,  island.  See  Nunkcsoso. 
Duke  of  York  (native,  Oatafn,  o-i'ti-foo'),  an  island 
of  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Lat.  8°  36'  S.;  Ion.  172°  23'  52"  W. 
It  is  3  miles  in  length  and  2}  miles  broad,  and  is  of  coral 
formation. 

Dukes,  duks,  a  county  of  Massachusetts,  consists  chiefly 
of  the  island  of  Martha's  Vineyard,  which  is  in  the  Atlan- 
tic Ocean,  about  5  miles  from  the  mainland.     Area,  about 
110  square  miles.     The  surface  is  partly  covered  with  for- 
ests.   Many  of  the  inhabitants  are  employed  in  navigation 
and  fisheries.     The   Old   Colony   Railroad   traverses  the 
county.     Capital,   Edgartown.     Pop.   in   1870,   3787;    in 
1875,  4071  ;  in  1880,  4300;  in  1890,  4369. 
Duke  Town,  Guinea.    See  Calabar. 
Dukeville,  duk'vll,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Neb. 
Du'kinfield,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Chester,  IJ 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Stalybridge,  to  which  town  and  to 
Ashton-under-Lvme  it  is  contiguous.    Pop.  in  1891, 17,408. 
Dukkinshanabazpoor.    See  Decca!«  Islaxd. 
Dnkia,  doo'kli,  a  frontier  town  of  Austria,  in  Galicia, 
17  miles  S.E.  of  Jaslo,  on  the  Jasielka.    Pop.  3033.    It  baa 
a  fine  castle  and  a  Roman  Catholic  church. 

Dukora,  doo-ko'ri,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and 
22  miles  S.E.  of  Minsk. 
Dukovtschina,  Russia.    See  DooKorcHEEyA. 
Dula'ney,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Caldwell  co.,  Ky;, 
on  the  Louisville,   Paducah  A  Southwestern  Railroad,  41 
miles  E.  of  Paducah. 

Dulaney's  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Baltimore  co.,Md. 
DuMas',  a  hamlet  of  AVales,  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Angle- 
sey.    Several  small  rivers  of  Wales  have  this  name. 

Dulbahanta,  doorbl-hin'ti,  a  district  of  Africa,  So- 
mauli  country,  between  lat.  8°  and  10°  N.  and  Ion.  46°  and 
49°  E.     It  is  level,  and  forms  extensive  pasture-ranges. 

Dulce,  dool'si  or  dool'thi  (sometimes  called  Golfo 
Dulce),  a  lake  of  Central  America,  state  and  102  miles 
N.E.  of  Guatemala,  forming  the  principal  water-way  of  the 
state  to  the  Atlantic.  It  is  about  25  miles  long,  by  10 
miles  in  average  breadth,  and  has  18  feet  of  water  at  300  or 
400  yards  from  the  shore,  and  in  most  other  places  from  30 
to  60  feet.  It  communicates  with  the  Gulf  of  Honduras 
through  a  smaller  one  called  the  Golfete,  on  the  river  Dulce, 
the  entrance  to  which  from  the  sea  is  impeded  by  a  bar 
which  cannot  be  passed  by  vessels  drawing  more  than  ft 
or  7  feet;  but  within,  there  is  a  general  depth  of  15  feet. 

Dulce,  or  Golfo  Dulce,  a  gulf  of  Central  America, 
formed  by  the  Pacific,  on  the  coast  of  Costa  Rica.  Its  en- 
trance is  between  the  points  of  Burica,  lat.  8°  N.,  Ion.  83* 
W.,  and  Gorda,  lat.  8°  32'  N.,  Ion.  83°  50'  W. 


mn. 


wu 


wm 


Daloieno*    dool-ohocn'yo,  written    also    Dolcigno 
.  Olctn'uim;  Turk.  OCgoon'),  a  »cnport  town  of  Eu- 


Duloe,  Rio,  ree'o  dool'^A  or  dool'thii,  a  river  of  the 
Argentine  Hepublic,  riaes  in  Tuouman,  flows  S.E.  post  San- 
tiago, iinti  cnijuies  into  Porongot  Lake. 

(ano.  ^  ,  „        ..  . 

rope,  principality  of  Monrencgro,  on  Cape  Kadilie,  a  rooky 
peninsula  in  the  Adriatic,  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  SoutarL 
Pop.  3000. 

Duloifl  Aqua,  the  Latin  name  of  Dolce  Acqua. 

UilMeek'f  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Moath,  on  N-'uiy 
Water,  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Drogheda.  It  has  a  handsome 
ciithi>lic  chiipol  and  romiiins  of  an  abbey.     Pop.  719. 

Uu'liiisvillc,  a  posit-ofiico  of  Madison  co.,  Va. 

Diilkcu,  dUl'kvn,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  20  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Dussoldorf,  on  the  oanal  between  the  Rhine 
and  Venloo.     Pop.  6009. 

Dili  In,  diiln,  Dilln,  or  Diln,  diln  or  dil'n  (Ilun. 
BeUx-Uitiiyn,  bA'loh'-biln'yOh^),  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
jionth.  8  miles  S.W.  of  Altsohl.     Pop.  1680. 

Diilnien,  diil'm^n,  atown  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  at  a 
railway  junction,  17  miles  S.W.  of  MUnster.  It  has  a  castle, 
the  residence  of  the  Duke  of  Croy.  DUlinen  has  several 
bospitals,  and  manufactures  of  linen.     Pop.  oS92. 

Uiiluth,  du-looth',  a  post-hamlet  of  Gwinnett  co.,  Ga., 
26  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  4  churches,  2 
ootton-gins,  and  an  academy.     Pop.  319. 

Dulath,  a  city  and  port  of  entry,  the  capital  of  St. 
Louis  CO.,  Minn.,  is  finely  situated  at  the  W.  end  of  Lake 
Superior,  at  the  head  of  navigation  on  the  great  lakes, 
156  miles  N.N.E.  of  St.  Paul,  with  which  it  is  connected 
by  three  lines  of  railroiid.  It  is  also  at  the  eastern  ter- 
minus of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad.  Lat.  46°  48' 
N.;  Ion.  92°  6'  W.  The  site  is  the  side  of  a  hill  which 
rises  gradually  from  the  shore  to  a  height  of  about  600 
feet  above  the  lake.  The  harbor,  called  Duluth  Bay, 
is  protected  by  a  narrow  piece  of  land  called  Minnesota 
Point,  which  is  7  miles  long  and  forms  a  natural  break- 
water, through  which  there  is  a  ship-caual.  The  government 
of  the  United  States  is  expending  large  sums  of  money  in 
the  improvement  of  the  harbor  by  dredging  and  the  con- 
struction of  piers.  Duluth  contains  a  custom-house,  37 
churches,  a  United  States  land-office,  an  excellent  system 
of  public  schools,  including  a  high  school,  3  national  and 
6  state  banks,  a  savings-bank,  a  signal-station,  stock-yards, 
slaughtering  and  cold  storage  establishments,  7  large  steam 
saw-mills,  steam  forge-works,  2  flouring-mills,  and  grain- 
elevators  with  a  capacity  of  21.250,000  bushels.  Immense 
deposits  of  iron,  granite,  and  freestone  are  found  near. 
Three  daily  and  10  weekly  newspapers  are  publi^shed  here. 
Pop.  in  1880,  3483;  in  1890,  33.115. 

Dniwich,  dfil'ich,  a  town  of  "England,  oo.  of  Surrey,  and 
suburb  of  London,  4i  miles  S.S.E.  of  St.  Paul's.  It  is  beau- 
tifully situated,  and  has  numerous  handsome  mansions  and 
villas.  Here  is  Dulwich  College,  founded  in  1619  by  Ed- 
ward Alleyne,  a  very  handsome  and  spacious  Elizabethan 
edifice,  with  a  picture-gallery  containing  one  of  the  choicest 
collections  of  Italian  and  Flemish  paintings  in  Britain.  The 
college  has  been  reorganized,  and  one  of  its  new  buildings 
is  regarded  as  the  most  costly  structure  of  its  class  in  exist- 
ence.    Pop.  4041. 

Dumaira,  an  island  of  the  Red  Sea.    Sec  Doomairah. 

Dumangas,  doo-min'gis,  a  town  of  the  Philippines, 
Island  of  Panay,  near  the  mouth  of  the  river  Jakiur.  Pop. 
about  25,000. 

Dumanway,  a  town  of  Ireland.    See  Ddnmanway. 

Dumaran,  doo'mi-r4n',  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago, Philippines,  N.E.  of  Palawan.  Lat.  10°  30'  N. ;  Ion. 
120°  E.  It  is  about  20  miles  in  length  and  breadth,  with  a 
town  of  the  same  name  on  the  S.W.  co.ast.    Pop.  about  1500. 

Dumaresque  River.    See  Severn  River. 
i    Du^mas',  a  post-village  of  Tippah  co.,  Miss.,  10  miles 
S.E.  of  Ripley.     It  has  3  churches. 
,    Dumas'  Store,  apost-ofiice  of  Wilcox  co.,  Ala. 

Dumbar'ton,  or  Dumbartonshire,  dam-bar't9n- 
shir,  formerly  Len'nox,  a  county  of  Scotland,  chiefly  en- 
closed by  Lochs  Lomond  and  Long  and  the  Firth  of  Clyde, 
having  a  detached  portion  eastward,  between  the  cos.  of 
Stirling  and  Lanark.  Area,  270  square  miles.  Principal 
river,  the  Leven.  Surface  mostly  mountainous,  and  soil 
poor.  It  contains  iron-  and  coal-mines,  freestone-  and 
limestone-quarries.  Principal  towns,  Dumbarton,  Alexan- 
dria, and  Helensborgh.  The  county  sends  one  member  to 
the  House  of  Commons.    Pop.  (1881)  75,333;  (1891)94,511. 

Dumbar'ton,  or  Dnnbar'ton,  a  town  of  Scotland, 
capital  of  the  co.  of  Dumbarton,  on  the  Leven,  near  its  con- 
fluence with  the  Clyde,  13  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Glasgow. 
A  suburb  is  situated  on  the  W.  side  of  the  river.    Dumbar- 


ton Castle,  OD  a  bold  isolated  basaltic  rock  at  the  river'i 
luouth,  is  a  fortress  of  great  antiquity  and  historical  in- 
terest. The  Leven  is  navigable  from  its  mouth  to  the  quay 
at  high  water,  and  the  town  has  flourishing  glass-works,  an 
improved  harbor,  iron-works,  and  yards  for  building  iron 
ships.  Dumbarton  has  been  a  stronghold  for  at  least  1000 
years.  Dumbarton  Castle  is  one  of  the  four  stipulated  to 
be  kept  in  repair  by  the  articles  of  the  Union.  Dumbarton 
waa  known  in  ancient  times  by  the  name  of  Alcluyd,  which, 
in  the  British  language,  signifies  the  rock  high  on  the  Clyde, 
It  unites  with  Port-Glasgow,  Renfrew,  Rutherglcn,  and  Kil- 
marnock in  sending  a  member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 
Pop.  in  1881,  13,782:  in  1891.  Ifi.OOS. 

Dumbar'ton,  a  hamlet  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Verona 
township,  on  the  Erie  Canal,  1  mile  from  State  Bridge  StXr 
tion,  and  4i  miles  N.N.W.  of  Oneida.  It  has  a  glass-fac- 
tory and  about  20  houses. 

Dumbarton,  a  post-village  in  Charlotte  co..  New 
Brunswick,  24  miles  by  rail  N.  of  St.  Andrews.     Pop.  200. 

Dumbartonshire,  Scotland.    See  Dumbarton. 

Duniblune,  of  Scotland.    See  Dunblane. 

Dum^blane',  a  post-village  in  Bruce  co.,  Ontario,  20 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Walkerton.  It  contains  saw-  and  grist 
mills.     Pop.  100. 

Dumbravicze,  doom'br5h-veet'si\  a  town  of  Hun 
gary,  40  miles  E.  of  Arad.     Pop.  1100. 

Dum'dumS  the  valley  of  the  Pir-Panjal  Pass  betwcci» 
the  Punjab  and  Cashmere.  Elevation,  11,800  feet.  It  is 
traversed  by  a  river  of  the  same  name. 

Dum'dum%  or  Damdama,  dum-diim'a,  a  town  of 
Bengal,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Calcutta,  with  barracks,  hospital, 
and  an  English  school.     Pop.  5179. 

Dumfries,  diim-freece',  or  Dumfries-shire,  a  bor- 
der county  of  Scotland,  bounded  E.  and  S.  by  Cumberland 
and  Solway  Firth.  Area,  1103  square  miles,  one-third  of 
which  is  arable.  The  whole  valley  of  the  Nith  is  composted 
of  a  red  sandstone.  The  mountainous  districts  are  of  the 
Lower  Silurian  strata.  There  are  mineral  springs  at  Moffat. 
The  county  is  subdivided  into  Nithsdale,  Annandale,  and 
Eskdale,  watered  by  the  three  principal  rivers,  the  Nith, 
Annan,  and  Esk.  There  arc  nine  locns  in  the  vicinity  of 
Lochmabcn  and  Loch  Skene,  near  the  heatl  of  the  Mofiat 
Water,  at  an  elevation  of  1300  feet.  A  considerable  part  of 
the  county  is  mountainous,  especially  towards  the  N.  and 
N.E.  Among  the  highest  mountains  are  Black  Larg,  2890 
feet,  Lowther,  3130  feet,  Qucensberry,  2140  feet,  and  Hart- 
fell,  3300  feet.  The  high  grounds  afi'ord  good  pasturage,  and 
cattle-,  sheep-,  and  pig-rearing  forms  an  important  branch 
of  rural  industry.  The  means  of  railway  communication  are 
ample.  The  principal  towns  are  Dumfries,  the  capital, 
Annan,  Sanquhar,  and  Lochmabcn.     Pop.  in  1891,  74,308. 

Dumfries,  a  town  of  Scotland,  capital  of  the  above,  on 
the  Nith,  across  which  it  communicates  with  its  suburb 
Maxwelltown  by  two  bridges,  9  miles  from  its  mouth,  and 
28i  miles  W.N.W.  of  Carlisle.  It  is  at  the  junction  of  sev- 
eral railways.  It  is  handsomely  though  irregularly  built, 
and  is  regarded  as  the  provincial  capital  of  South  Scotland. 
Around  it  many  handsome  villas  have  been  erected.  Prin- 
cipal edifices,  numerous  churches,  one  with  an  extensive 
cemetery  which  contains  the  remains  and  tomb  of  Burns, 
a  tower  in  the  High  street  (the  work  of  Inigo  Jones),  the 
Crichton  Royal  Institution  (a  lunatic  asylum),  the  infirm- 
ary, dispensary,  court-house,  jail,  bridewell,  several  hospitals 
and  asylums,  theatre,  and  assembly-rooms.  Here  are  4  en- 
dowed seminaries,  united  under  the  name  of  the  Dumfries 
Academy,  various  other  schools,  several  associations  with 
libraries,  reading-rooms,  an  observatory,  and  a  mechanics' 
institution.  The  principal  manufactures  are  tweeds,  hats> 
hosiery,  leather,  baskets,  clogs,  and  shoes.  Vessels  of  above 
60  tons  can  approach  the  town  quay,  between  which  and 
the  mouth  of  the  river  are  3  other  quays  for  larger  vessels. 
It  has  a  large  weekly  cattle-  and  sheep-market,  and  sends 
out  considerable  quantities  of  seeds  and  nursery  plants. 
Dumfries  became  a  royal  burgh  in  the  twelfth  century, 
about  the  end  of  which  a  monastery  was  founded  here;  in 
its  chapel  John  Comyn,  a  competitor  for  the  Scottish  throng 
was  stabbed  by  Robert  Bruce  in  1305.  Pop.  in  1881, 
17,092;  in_1891,  17,804. 

Dumfries,  dum-freece'  or  diim-freez',  a  post-village 
of  Prince  William  co.,  Va.,  is  near  the  Potomac  River, 
about  85  miles  N.  of  Richmond.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
large  business  in  lumber  and  minerals.  Here  are  iroq 
pyrites  mines.     Pop.  250. 

Dumfries,  a  post-village  in  York  co..  New  Brunswick, 
on  the  river  St.  John,  23  miles  above  Fredericton.    P.  200. 

Dumfries-shire,  Scotland.    See  Dumfries. 

Dnm'mer,  a  post-township  of  Coos  co.,  N.H.    P.  455. 


DUM 


1065 


DUN 


Hi^ 


Dnm'merston,  a  post-village  of  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Dummerston  township,  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  5 
miles  N.  of  Brattleborough.  It  has  2  churches,  granite- 
quarries,  and  furniture-mills.     Pop.  of  the  township,  860. 

Duminodah;  a  river  of  India.    See  Dammoodah. 

Dunimow,  a  district  of  India.    See  Dcmoh. 

Dumohy  or  Damoh,  dilm'o,  a  district  of  the  Jubbul- 
poor  division,  Central  Provinces,  British  India.  Lat.  23°- 
24°  50' N. ;  Ion.  79°-80°  E.  Area,  2799  square  miles.  It 
is  a  hilly  tract,  on  the  Vindhya  plateau,  with  much  jungle. 
Capital,  Dumoh.     Pop.  269,642. 

Dunioh,  or  Damoh,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the 
above,  45  miles  E.  of  Saugur.     Pop.  7911. 

Diimont'j  a  post-village  of  Butler  co.,  Iowa,  10  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Allison.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  400. 

Dumoiit'ville,  a  post-office  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.,  about 
30  miles  S.E.  of  Columbus. 

Dum'plin  Ro«k  Light,  on  oueof  theDumplin  Rocks, 
in  Buzzard's  Bay,  Mass.  It  is  a  fixed  light,  43  feet  above 
sea-level.     Lat.  41°  32' 10"  N. ;    Ion.  70°  55' 40' W. 

Dum^po',  a  town  of  Thibet,  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Garoo. 
Lat.  31°  6'  N. ;  Ion.  80°  15'  E. 

Dumraon,  doom-ri'6n,  a  town  of  Bengal,  Shahabad 
district,  on  or  near  the  East  India  Railway,  9  miles  E.  of 

ux.'ir.     It  is  near  the  town  of  Bhojpore.     Pop.  17,356, 

Dum'ser's,  a  station  in  Kane  co.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago 
&  Pacific  Railroad,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Elgin. 

Dun,  an  island  in  the  China  Sea.     See  Dune. 

Diina,  dii'nl,  or  Southern  Dwina,  dwee'ni  (Russ. 
Deina  Ztipadnaya  ;  anc.  Turim'thiia  or  Turun'ttts),  an  im- 
lortant  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  W.  of  the  government 
of  Tver,  near  the  sources  of  the  Volga,  with  which  it  is  con- 
nected by  a  canal,  flows  at  first  S.AV.  between  the  govern- 
ments of  Smolensk  and  Pskov,  and  afterwards  N.W.,  in  the 
lower  part  of  its  course  separating  Courland  on  the  S.  from 
Vitebsk  and  Livonia,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of  Riga  7  miles 
N.W.  of  Riga.  Its  length  is  about  600  miles,  for  nearly  all 
if  which  it  is  navigable,  although  its  mouth  and  many  other 
parts  of  the  river  are  encumbered  by  shoals,  rendering  its 
navigation  unsafe  and  only  fit  for  small  vessels,  e.xcept 
during  the  spring  thaws  and  autumnal  rains.  Opposite 
Riga  it  is  about  2400  feet  broad,  and  crossed  by  a  floating 
bridge,  which  is  taken  down  annually  in  September  and  again 
erected  early  in  April.  Drainage-area,  65,000  square  miles. 
The  principal  affluents  are  the  Yevst  and  Drissa  from  the 
and  the  Mezha  and  Desna  from  the  E.  and  S.     It  is 

nnected  by  canals  with  Lake  Ilmen,  the  Beresina,  and 
he  Niemen.     See  Dwina. 
[-    Dnna,  the  Hungarian  name  of  the  Danube. 

Diinaburg,  du'na-bvirg  or  dii'ni-boouG\  or  Dina^ 
;burg,  dee'ni-boouG^  a  strongly  fortified  town  of  Russia, 
government  of  Vitebsk,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Diina,  where 
"t  is  crossed  by  the  railwfiy  from  St.  Petersburg  to  AVarsaw, 
67  miles  W.N.W.  of  Drissa,  at  the  junction  of  two  other  im- 

rtant  railways.  The  town  has  extensive  manufactures  of 
leather,  beer,  lumber,  flour,  lime,  brick,  and  tiles,  and  ships 
rjnuch  flax,  hemp,  tallow,  and  timber.     Pop.  (1884)  64,513. 

Dunacvtsyi,  doo^nd-fivt'sce,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Po- 
dolia,  12  miles  N.  of  Kamieniec. 

Duna-Foldvar,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Foldvar. 

Dunamanagh,  dun^a-m^n'^H,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co. 
of  Tyrone,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Strabane. 

Diinamiinde,  dii'nJ,-munMeh  [i.e.,  "  the  mouths  of  the 
Diina"),  a  fortress  of  Russia,  government  of  Livonia,  9  miles 
N.W,  of  Riga,  on  an  island  at  the  mouth  of  the  Diina,  It 
has  a  custom-house  and  a  quarantine  establishment. 

Duna  Vecse,  doo'noh^  vi'chA',  a  town  of  Hungary, 
00.  and  40  miles  S.  of  Pesth,  on  the  Danube.     Pop.  4205. 

Duna  Vecse,  a  village  of  Roumania,  in  the  Dobrudja, 
on  the  Danube,  22  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Dunbar,  diln-bar',  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  and  10  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Haddington,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Firth  of  Forth, 
on  the  North  British  Railway,  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Edin- 
burgh. It  is  regularly  laid  out,  and  has  a  Gothic  parish 
church,  handsome  assembly-rooms,  public  libraries,  and  the 
remains  of  an  ancient  castle ;  also  ship-building  docks,  sail- 
cloth- and  cordage-factories,  iron-foundries,  breweries,  and 
distilleries.  The  harbor  is  accessible  by  vessels  of  300  tons ; 
the  principal  imports  are  coal  and  foreign  grain;  the  ex- 
ports, corn,  whisky,  and  fish.     Pop.  3320. 

Dunbar',  a  township  of  Faribault  co.,  Minn.,  traversed 
by  the  Central  Railroad  of  Minnesota.     Pop.  247. 

Dunbar,  a  post-village  of  Otoe  co..  Neb.,  II  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Nebraska  City.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  350. 

Dunbar,  a  post-hamlet  in  Fairfield  township,  Wash- 
ington CO.,  0.,  on  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad. 
68 


Dunbar,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Pa.,  in  Dunbar 
township,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Pittsburg,  Washington  A 
Baltimore  Railroad,  61  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pittsburg,  and  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Uniontown.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  large 
iron-furnace.     Pop.  about  600 ;  of  the  township,  2972. 

Dunbar',  a  post-village  in  Dundas  co.,  Ontario,  14 
miles  N.  of  Morrisburg.     Pop.  150. 

Dunbarton,  a  town  of  Scotland.    See  DuMBARTO^f. 

Dunbar'ton,  apost-townshipandhamlet  of  Merrimack 
CO.,  N.H.,  about  8  miles  S.W.  of  Concord.  It  has  3  churches. 
Pop.  524. 

Dunbarton,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co.,  0.,  8  miles 
(direct)  N.  by  E.  of  West  Union.    It  has  a  church.    P.  150. 

Dunbarton,  a  post-office  of  Barnwell  co.,  S.C. 

Dunbar'ton,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  near  Frenchman's  Bay.    P.  150. 

Dunbeath,  diin-baith',  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Caithness,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Wick,  with  a  castle  on  a 
peninsular  rock  in  the  North  Sea. 

Dunblane',  or  Dumblane,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co. 
and  23  miles  S.W.  of  Perth,  on  the  Allan,  at  a  railway 
junction.  It  is  resorted  to  in  the  summer  for  the  sake  of  a 
mineral  spring.  It  has  a  public  library,  founded  by  Bishop 
Leighton,  and  a  cathedral,  over  which  Leighton  presided. 
Pop.  1921. 

Dunc'an,  a  post-village  of  Graham  co.,  Arizona,  31 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Clifton.  It  has  an  academy  and  mines. 
Pop.  100. 

Duncan,  a  post-ofiice  of  Monroe  co..  Ark.  Duncan 
Station  is  on  the  Arkansas  Central  Railroad,  8  miles  S.E. 
of  Clarendon. 

Duncan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stark  co.,  111.,  on  the  Chi- 
cago, Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  26  miles  S.  of  Buda. 

Duncan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  Ky.,  about  22 
miles  S.  of  Frankfort.     It  has  general  stores. 

Duncan,  a  post-village  of  Cheboygan  co.,  Mich.,  is 
on  Lake  Huron.     Pop.  161. 

Duncan,  Alleghany  co..  Pa.    See  Coulterstille. 

Duncan  and  Hinton  Creek,  a  township  of  Cleve- 
land CO.,  N.C.     Pop.  1242. 

Dunc'an  Channel,  an  inlet  in  Prince  of  Wales' 
Archipelago,  Alaska. 

Duncan  Creek,  Chippewa  co..  Wis.,  runs  in  a  S.S.E. 
direction,  and  enters  the  Chippewa  River  at  Chippewa  Falls. 

Dunc'an  Island,  Pacific  Ocean,  near  the  centre  of  the 
Galapagos  group. 

Duncan  Island,  in  the  China  Sea,  belongs  to  the 
Paracels  (which  see). 

Duncan'non,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Wexford,  on 
Waterford  Harbor,  6  miles  E.  of  Waterford.     Pop.  604. 

Duncan'non,  a  post-boroigh  of  Perry  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
W.  bank  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  11  miles  by  rail  E.  of 
New  Bloomfield.  It  has  6  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper 
oflSce,  iron-works,  and  public  schools.     Pop.  in  1890,  1074. 

Duncan's,  a  post-village  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C,  U 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Spartanburg.     It  has  saw-mills. 

Duncan's  Bridge,  or  Liees'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Monroe  co.,  Mo.,  on  Salt  River,  12  miles  S.  of  Clarence.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Dunc'ansby,  a  post-hamlet  of  Issaquena  co..  Miss.,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  90  miles  above  Vioksburg.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Dunc'ansby>Head,  the  N.E.  headland  of  Scotland, 
CO.  of  Caithness,  about  ij  miles  E.N.E.  of  John  O'Groat's 
House.  Lat.  58°  39'  N. ;  Ion.  3°  1'  W.  On  its  highest 
part  is  an  ancient  watch-tower. 

Duncan's  Creek,  South  Carolina,  rises  in  Laurens 
CO.,  runs  eastward,  and  enters  the  Ennoree  River  on  the  N. 
border  of  Newberry  co. 

Duncan's  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Rutherford  co., 
N.C.     Pop.  999. 

Duncan's  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Muskingum  co., 
0.,  on  the  Muskingum  River,  9  miles  below  Zanesville.  It 
has  3  churches  and  a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  194. 

Duncan's  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  Russian  River,  6  miles  from  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and 
on  the  North  Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  80  miles  N.N.W.  of 
San  Francisco.  It  has  a  church,  a  planing-mill,  and  a 
large  manufactory  of  redwood  lumber. 

Duncan's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  111.,  on 
Spoon  River,  5  miles  S.  of  Lewistown.  It  has  a  flouring- 
mill  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Duncan's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Va.,  on 
or  near  the  N.  bank  of  the  Clinch  River,  9  miles  (direct) 
N.W.  of  Estillville.  It  has  several  general  stores.  Pop. 
about  60. 

Duncansvilie,  Thomas  co.,  Ga.    See  Spbingwoos. 


DUN 


1066 


DUN 


Daae'SBSvlllef  apott-borouchof  Blair  oo.,  Pft.,  8  miles 
by  r»il  8.  of  Altoooa,  nnd  2  unlei  W.  of  HollidBy«burg. 
It  hu  3  eharahw,  iron-worki,  and  a  ateain  briolt-factory. 
Pop.  1277. 

l>aMcansville»  RumcII  oo.,  Ontario.    See  Russell. 

Danc'anville,  a  puat-hamlct  of  Crawford  oo.,  III.,  on 
the  Parif  A  Danvillo  Railroad,  27  miles  N.N.W.  of  Vin- 
eeDOM,  Ind.,  and  4  iniloa  S.  of  Robinson.    It  lias  a  oburcli. 

DoBcanville«  a  post-village  of  Dallas  co.,  Tex.,  about 
IS  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Dallas.    It  bos  a  church.    P.  2U0. 

Dunconibe,  dOn'kum,  a  post-hamlut  of  Webster  oo., 
Iowa,  1 1  miles  by  rail  B.  of  Fort  Dodge.     It  hns  a  church. 

Dun^diitl'v  a  post-burough  of  Susquehanna  co..  Pa.,  6 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Carbondale.    It  has  2  churches.   Pop.  157. 

Dundalk,  diin-dawli',  a  town  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Louth, 
on  the  S.  bank  of  Castletown  River,  near  its  mouth  in  Dun- 
dalk  Bay,  at  a  railway  junction,  45  miles  N.AV.  of  Dublin. 
The  principal  buildings  are  a  spacious  parish  church,  a 
large  Iluinnn  Catholic  chapel,  a  county  court-house,  jail, 
market-  and  custom-houses,  an  infirmary,  a  guild  hall, 
linen-hall,  news-  and  assembly-rooms,  a  barrack,  a  work- 
house, and  several  ruined  ecclesiastical  edifices.  It  has 
various  schools,  one  called  the  Dundalk  Institution;  also 
flour-mills,  breweries,  tanneries,  and  a  large  distillery.  Its 
harbor  is  safe,  the  fisheries  somewhat  important,  and  it  ex- 
ports rural  ])roduoe.  The  rise  of  the  tide  at  the  bar,  where 
there  is  a  light-house,  is  16  feet.     Pop.  11,377. 

Dundalk  Bay,  a  shallow  inlet  of  the  Irish  Sea,  be- 
tween Cooley  and  Dunany  Points,  8  miles  in  length  and 
breadth.  It  contains  large  oyster-beds,  and  receives  the 
rivers  Dee,  Fane,  and  Castletown. 

Dundas,  diln-das',  a  post-village  of  Richland  co..  III., 
7  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Olney.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy, 
a  flour-mill,  &o.     Pop.  about  200. 

Dundas,  a  village  of  Benton  co.,  Ind.,  ID  miles  S.  of 
Goodland. 

DiindaSf  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Rice  oo., 
Minn.,  on  Cannon  River,  11  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Fari- 
bault, and  44  miles  S.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  5  churches,  a 
high  school,  a  flouring-inill,  a  lumber-mill,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  manufactures  of  butter.     Pop.  in  1890,  554. 

DundaS)  a  village  of  Pulaski  co..  Mo.,  in  Roubidoux 
township,  about  66  miles  S.  of  Jefferson  City.  It  has  2 
churches. 

DandaS)  a  post-office  of  Vinton  co.,  0.,  is  at  MoArthur 
Station  on  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  34  miles  £. 
by  S.  of  Chillicothe.     Iron  ore  is  shipped  here. 

Dundns,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Calumet  co.,  Wis., 
on  the  Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore  &  Western  Railroad,  12  miles 
E.  by  S.  from  Appleton. 

Daiidas^  a  county  in  the  eastern  part  of  Ontario,  bor- 
dering on  the  St.  Lawrence  River.  Area,  382  square  miles. 
Capital,  Cornwall.     Pop.  18,777. 

Duiidas,  a  town  in  AVentworth  co.,  Ontario,  at  the  head 
of  Burlington  Bay  (the  western  extremity  of  Lake  Onta- 
rio), and  on  the  Great  Western  Railway,  6  miles  W.  of 
Hamilton.  It  has  agencies  of  several  insurance  companies 
and  of  the  Canadian  Bank  of  Commerce,  an  office  issuing  a 
weekly  newspaper,  40  stores,  6  hotels,  and  several  churches, 
rit  possesses  unlimited  water-power,  and  has  manufactories 
of  iron  castings,  machinery,  edge-tools,  combs,  paper,  soap, 
cnndlcs,  leather,  woollen  and  cotton  goods,  wooden-ware, 
Ac.  The  Desjardins  Canal  gives  it  water-communication 
with  Hamilton  and  other  ports.    Pop.  3135. 

DuiidaS)  a  post-village  in  Kings  co..  Prince  Edward 
Island,  34  miles  east  of  Charlottetown.  It  has  carding,- 
grist-,  saw-,  and  shingle-mills.     Pop.  200. 

Dandas  Island^  Canada,  is  in  the  Pacific,  40  miles 
K.E.  of  Queen  Charlotte's  Islands. 

Dnndas'  Islands,  off  the  eastern  coast  of  Africa, 
between  the  equator  and  lat.  Ii°  S.,  comprise  nearly  500 
ooral  islets,  from  2i  to  4  miles  in  length,  but  with  only  one 
secure  harbor,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Durnford  River. 

Dnndas  River,  an  affluent  of  English  River,  Delagoa 
Bay,  Eastern  Africa. 

Dundas  Strait,  Australia,  separates  Melville  Island 
Vom  Coburg  Peninsula,  and  is  18  miles  across. 

Dundee,  diin-dee',  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Forfar, 
finely  situated  on  the  loft  bank  of  the  Firth  of  Tay,  at  a 
railway  junction,  12  miles  from  the  sea,  and  37  miles  N.  by 
E.  of  Edinburgh.  Lat.  66°  27'  36"  N. ;  Ion.  2°  57'  45"  W. 
It  stretches  along  the  Tay,  and  recedes  inland,  with  a 
gradual  ascent.  Its  appearance  from  the  sea  is  at  once 
striking  and  pleasing.  The  more  recently  formed  streets 
•re,  in  general,  spacious  and  handsome;  but  most  of  those 
of  more  ancient  date  are  irregular  and  ill  built.  The  town 
is  amply  supplied  with  water.    The  most  conspicuous  object 


in  Dundee  is  its  old  tower,  156  feet  high,  founded  by  David, 
Earl  of  Huntingdon,  in  the  twelfth  century,  and  roociitly 
restored.  There  is  also  an  ornamental  chimney,  282  feet 
high.  Other  public  buildings  of  note  are  the  town  hall, 
triules'  hall,  tne  town  churches,  grouped  about  the  old 
tower,  the  custom-house,  the  high  school,  the  hof<)iitalH,  the 
insane  asylum,  an  orphanage,  several  induxtrial  sohools,  a 
deaf-mute  school,  the  Albert  Institute,  the  abattoir  and 
cattle-market,  academy,  the  new  exchange,  containing,  be- 
sides other  accommodation,  a  handsome  rcoding-rooin  ;  the 
Watt  Institution,  theatre,  infirmary,  the  jail  and  bridewell, 
and  an  imposing  Norman  triumphal  arch,  erected  in  front 
of  the  mid-quay,  to  commemorate  the  landing  at  Dundee 
of  Queen  Victoria  in  Sej)tcmbcr,  1844.  There  are  a  liirgo 
number  of  private  schools,  including  several  connected  with 
the  spinning-establishments  of  the  town,  the  teachers  of 
which  are  paid  by  the  proprietors  of  these  works.  The 
principal  libraries  are  the  Public  Library,  consisting  of  sev- 
eral thousand  volumes,  the  Watt  Library,  and  the  Law  Li- 
brary;  the  Dundee  Literary  Institute  has  a  handsome  read- 
ing-room and  library  in  a  central  part  of  the  town.  Exelu- 
sive  of  the  infirmary  and  dispensary  already  alluded  to, 
there  are  a  number  of  charitable  and  benevolent  institutions 
and  societies,  and  various  religious  associations.  The  town 
has  several  spacious  and  well-kept  public  parks,  and  some 
of  the  principal  streets  have  horse-tramways. 

Dundee  has  long  been  celebrated  for  its  manufactures, 
and  is  now  the  principal  seat  of  the  linen,  hemp,  and  jute 
manufactures  in  Great  Britain.  All  the  mills  are  driven  by 
steam-power.  The  staple  articles  of  import  are  flax,  hemp, 
timber,  and  jute  from  foreign  countries,  and  coals  and  liuio 
coastwise.  Exports  are  linens  and  linen  yarns,  cattle,  sheep, 
carpets,  dowlas,  bags,  and  other  manufactured  goods.  Sugar- 
refining,  ship-building,  and  the  manufacture  of  iron-ware, 
confections,  leather,  shoes,  gloves,  Ac,  are  largely  carried 
on.  Dundee  is  now  the  principal  seat  of  the  British  whale- 
fisheries,  the  oil  being  extensively  employed  in  the  great 
jute-mills  of  the  town.  It  has  a  commodious  harbor,  with 
ample  docks,  lately  extended  at  a  large  cost. 

Dundee  was  at  an  early  period  a  place  of  considerable 
note,  and,  like  most  old  towns,  was  originally  walled.  It 
was  erected  a  royal  burgh  by  William  the  Lion  ;  and  it  has  a 
conspicuous  place  in  the  mediooval  history  of  Scotland.  Its 
population  was,  in  1841,  64,629;  in  1871,121,925;  in  1881, 
140,054;  in  1891,  15.3,066. 

Dun^dee',  a  post-village  of  Kane  co..  III.,  on  Fox  River, 
in  Dundee  township,  5  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Elgin,  and  47  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  2  corporations.  East  Dundee 
and  West  Dundee,  a  fine  high  school,  6  churches,  a  cheese- 
factory,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  large  brick-  and  tile- 
works,  a  creamery,  and  a  public  library.  Pop.  in  1890, 
2023;  of  the  township,  3876. 

Dundee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Ind.,  in  Pipe 
Creek  township.     It  has  a  church. 

Dundee,  a  post- village  of  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  in  Dundee 
township,  on  the  Raisin  River,  48  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of 
Detroit,  and  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Monroe.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  union  school,  manufactures  of  lumber, 
furniture,  bricks,  tiles,  heading,  and  staves,  2  flouring-mills, 
a  cheese-factory,  and  a  creamery.  Pop.  in  189i0,  1166;  of 
the  township,  3539. 

Dundee,  a  post- village  of  Franklin  co.,  Mo.,  in  Boeuf 
township,  on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  at  Newport 
Station,  62  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  a  church.  It  is 
on  or  near  the  Missouri  River. 

Dundee,  a  post- village  of  Yates  co.,  N.Y.,  is  about  32 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Corning,  3  miles  W.  of  Seneca  Lake, 
and  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Penn  Yan.  It  has  4  churches,  2 
banks,  an  academy,  2  foundries,  flour-mills,  aplaning-mill, 
and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  1200. 

Dundee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.,  on  a 
branch  of  Sugar  Creek,  about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Canton. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  carriage- shop.     P''?-  300. 

Dundee,  a  station  in  Pittsylvania  oo.,  Va.,  on  the  Vir- 
ginia Midland  and  Richmond  A  Danville  Railroads,  {  mile 
from  Danville.     Here  the  former  road  termin.ates. 

Dundee,  a  post-village  of  Fond  du  Lac  co.,  AVis.,  in 
Osceola  township,  about  15  miles  S.E.  of  Fond  du  Lac.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 

Dundee,  a  post-village  and  port  of  entry  in  Hunting- 
don CO.,  Quebec,  on  Salmon  River,  76  miles  S.W.  of  Mon- 
treal. It  is  about  5  miles  from  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  partly 
in  the  state  of  New  York,  On  the  opposite  side  of  the  river 
is  Fort  Covington,  N.Y.  Steamboats  ascend  to  this  point. 
An  American  consul  resides  in  Dundee.     Pop.  150. 

Dundee  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Huntingdon  co., 
Quebec,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Dundee.     Pop.  200. 


DUN 


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DUN 


DunMee'  Jnnc'tion,  a  post-village  of  Yam  Hill  cc, 

Oregon,  29  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Portland,  and  9  miles  (direct) 
E.  by  N.  of  McMinnville.  It  has  a  church  and  a  public 
school.     Pop.  100. 

Dundee  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Passaic  River,  18  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Jersey  City. 

Dun^don'ald,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Down,  6 
miles  E.  of  Belfast. 

Duii^don'ald,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  4  miles 
B.S.W.  of  Irvine.  On  the  Firth  of  Clyde  are  ruins  of  a 
castle  supposed  to  have  been  built  by  the  Stuarts. 

DunM-ren'nan,  the  name  of  a  parish  of  Scotland,  in 
Kirkcudbright,  containing  the  ruins  of  a  famous  abbey. 

Dun'druni)  a  village  of  Ireland,  on  Dundrum  Bay. 

Dundrum,  a  village  of  Ireland,  4i  miles  by  rail  S.  of 
Dublin.     Pop.  540. 

Dundrum  Bay,  Ireland,  co.  Down,  in  the  Irish  Sea, 
y  miles  S.W.  of  Downpatrick,  extends  from  St.  John's 
Point  to  Dullish  Cove.  Near  its  N.  side  are  the  rocks  of 
Cow  and  Calf,  joined  by  a  reef  with  the  mainland. 

Dune,  orDun,doon,  an  island  in  the  China  Sea,  off  the 
E.  coast  of  Annam,  in  lat.  12°  15'  N.,  Ion.  109°  30'  E. 

Dun  Edin,  an  old  name  of  Edinburgh. 

Duned'in,  a  post-village  of  Hillsborough  co.,  Fla.,  on 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  56  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Lacoochee, 
and  19  miles  (direct)  N.W.  of  Tampa.  It  has  2  churches, 
manufactures  of  bricks,  and  palmetto-works.  Orango-grow- 
ing  and  lemon-culture  are  the  chief  industries.     Pop.  500. 

Duned'in,  the  largest  city  of  New  Zealand,  and  capital 
of  the  province  of  Otago,  at  the  head  of  a  fine  bay  on  the 
E.  side  of  the  Middle  Island.  Vessels  drawing  12  feet  of 
water  can  reach  the  town ;  but  large  ships  anchor  at  Port 
Chalmers,  9  miles  below,  to  which  point  a  railway  extends; 
and  the  harbor  of  Dunedin  is  being  artificially  deepened. 
From  this  city  railways  extend  N.  and  S.  along  the  coast. 
Dunedin  has  several  daily  and  other  papers,  paved  streets, 
gas-works,  a  university,  a  college,  2  high  schools,  hospitals, 
a  lunatic  asylum,  a  botanic  garden,  a  good  water-supply,  fine 
parks,  a  system  of  public  free,  grammar,  and  ragged  schools, 
an  orphanage,  a  reformatory,  fine  theatres,  <fcc.,  and  is  the 
seat  of  Anglican  and  Catholic  bishops.  It  was  founded  in 
1848  by  a  Scotch  Presbyterian  (Free  Church)  colony.  Pop. 
in  1876,  23,365;  in  1891,  22,376;  or  with  suburbs,  45,865. 

Dunel'len,  a  post-borough  of  Middlesex  co..  N.J.,  15 
miles  by  rail  AV.S.W.  of  Elizabeth,  and  15  miles  S.  of  Mor- 
ristown.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school, 
and  manufactures  of  clothing.     Pop.  1060. 

Dunelmia,orDunelmuni,  Latin  names  of  Durham. 

Dunes,  diin,  a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn-et-Garonne,  29 
miles  W.  of  Montauban.     Pop.  1202. 

Dunfanaghy,  dun-fan'a-no.  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Donegal,  16i  miles  N.W.  of  Letterkenny.     Pop.  650. 

Dunfermline,  dum-fer'Iin,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Fife,  at  a  railway  junction,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Edinburgh. 
It  is  generally  handsome,  though  irregularly  built,  on  an 
eminence,  separated  from  a  large  suburb  on  the  W.  by  a 
ravine,  crossed  by  a  bridge.  The  principal  edifice  is  its  fine 
collegiate  church,  erected  in  1821,  contiguous  to  the  ruins 
of  the  ancient  structure.  The  abbey,  originally  founded 
by  Malcolm  and  his  queen  between  1070  and  1086,  was  a 
monastery  of  Culdces.  Here  Edward  of  England  resided 
for  some  months  in  1304,  and  on  leaving  it  set  it  on  tire. 
It  was  rebuilt  by  Bruce,  and  here  his  body  was  interred. 
The  nave  and  tower  and  some  parts  of  the  refectory  still 
remain,  and  are  partly  of  Saxon  and  partly  of  Norman  archi- 
tecture. In  the  town  are  various  other  places  of  worship, 
a  guild  hall  with  a  spire  132  feet  in  height,  town  hall, 
jail,  hospital,  assembly  hall,  several  public  schools,  a  me- 
chanics' institute,  and  subscription  libraries.  The  staple 
manufacture  is  table-linen,  in  which  the  town  is  unrivalled 
by  any  other  town  in  the  kingdom.  This  manufacture, 
together  with  that  of  colored  worsted  and  cotton  covers, 
which  has  been  added  to  it  and  almost  equals  it  in  extent, 
occupies  about  one-half  of  the  population.  There  are  also 
spinning-mills,  malleable-iron-works,  foundries,  dye-houses, 
and  soap-works,  and,  in  the  vicinity,  several  important  col- 
lieries.    Pop.  in  1881,  19,915;  in  1891,  22,365. 

Dungannon,  diin-gan'n9n,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Tyrone,  on  a  railway,  11  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Armagh.  It 
consists  of  an  old  and  a  new  town,  is  regularly  and  well 
built,  and  has  a  royal  school,  a  hospital,  branch  banks,  and 
manufactures  of  linen  and  earthenware.     Pop.  3886. 

Dungan'non,  a  post-village  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.,  in 
Hanover  township,  about  28  miles  E.  of  Canton.  It  has  a 
convent  and  a  church.     Pop.  129. 

Dungan'non,  a  post-village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Nine  Mile  Creek,  13  miles  N.N.E.  of  Goderioh.     Pop.  200. 


Dnn^gar'van,  a  town  of  Ireland,  oo.  and  25  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Waterford,  on  the  Colligan,  near  its  mouth  in 
the  Bay  of  Dungarvan.  It  is  neatly  built,  and  is  resorted  to 
for  sea-bathing.  The  principal  edifices  are  a  parish  church, 
4  Roman  Catholic  chapels,  a  convent,  a  castle  used  as  a 
barrack,  a  bridewell,  session-house,  steam  mill,  workhouse, 
and  market-house.     Pop.  of  town,  6520  ;  of  borough,  7719. 

Diingen,  diing'H^n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
West  Brabant,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Bois-lc-Duc.     Pop.  3881. 

Dungeness,  diinj-nSss',  a  headland  of  England,  form- 
ing the  S.  extremity  of  Kent,  and  projecting  into  the  Eng- 
lish Channel,  3^  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lydd.  It  has  a  fort  and 
a  light-house. 

Dungiven,  dfln-ghiv'§n,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  16j 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Londonderry.     Pop.  775. 

Dun^glass',  a  promontory  of  Scotland,  co.  and  2i  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Dumbarton,  projecting  into  the  Clyde.  Here  was 
the  W.  termination  of  the  walls  of  Antoninus,  which  is 
crowned  by  a  ruined  castle. 

Dun  Glen,  apost-ofiicc  and  mining-camp  of  Humboldt 
CO.,  Nevada,  10  miles  from  Mill  City.  Gold  and  silver  are 
mined  here. 

Dun^glow',  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  and  llj  miles  N. 
by  W.  of  Donegal. 

Dunham,  dun'am,  a  station  in  Do  Witt  co..  111.,  where 
the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  &  Western  Railroad  crosses 
the  Illinois  Midland  Railroad,  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Clinton. 

Dunham,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  III.     Pop.  999. 

Dunham,  a  post-township  of  AVashington  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Ohio  River,  traversed  by  the  railroad  from  Marietta 
to  Bclpre.     Pop.  755.     It  contains  Veto,  a  hamlet. 

Dunham,  or  Dunham  Flats,  a  village  in  Missis- 
quoi  CO.,  Quebec,  13  miles  E.  of  Stanbridgo  Station,  and  56 
miles  S.E.  of  Montreal.  It  has  several  stores,  hotels,  mills, 
and  factories.     Pop.  248. 

Dunham  Hollow,  a  hamlet  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Nassau  township,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Troy.     It  has  2  churches 

Dunham's  Basin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Kingsbury  township,  on  the  Champlain  Canal,  and 
on  the  railroad  between  Saratoga  Springs  and  Whitehall,  2 
miles  E.  of  Sandy  Hill.  It  has  a  large  hotel,  a  boat-yard, 
and  21  families. 

Dunholme  and  Dunholmnm.    See  Durham. 

Duni^res,  dii^ne-aiu',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ilaute- 
Loire,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Yssingeaux.     Pop.  672. 

Dunigan,  a  village  of  California.     See  Dunnigan. 

Dunk'ale  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  3  miles 
S.  of  Belair.     It  has  a  flouring-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Dunkanely,  a  village  of  Ireland.    See  Dunkineely. 

Dunk'ard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Pa.,  in  Dunkard 
township,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Uniontown.  It  hns  2  churches 
and  a  common  school.  The  township  has  4  churches.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Monongahela  River,  and  affords 
abundance  of  coal,  also  petroleum  and  rich  bituminous 
shale.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1366. 

Dunkard  Creek  rises  in  Monongalia  co.,  W.  Va., 
runs  nearly  eastward,  and  enters  the  Monongahela  River 
in  Greene  co..  Pa. 

Dunk'el,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Christian  co..  111., 
on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  5i  miles  N.  of  Pana. 

Dunkeld,  dun-kfil',  a  burgh  of  barony  and  market- 
town  of  Scotland,  co.  and  15  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Perth, 
on  the  great  East  Pass  to  the  Highlands,  and  on  the  N. 
bank  of  the  Tay,  across  which  it  communicates  with  the 
suburb  Little  Dunkeld  by  a  bridge.  In  ancient  times 
Dunkeld  is  said  to  have  been  the  seat  of  the  Pictish  kings. 
A  cell  of  Culdees  was  here  early  established,  and  in  1130 
was  made  the  seat  of  a  bishop.  Its  cathedral  was  built  in 
1330,  but  long  before  this  period  Dunkeld  was  celebrated 
in  ecclesiastical  annals.  Near  the  cathedral  stands  the  palace 
of  the  Dukes  of  Athol.     Pop.  783. 

Dunkerque,  the  French  name  of  Dunkirk. 

Dunkia,  or  Dankia,  dun'k^-a,  written  also  Don'- 
kiah,  an  immense  mountain  of  the  Himalaya,  near  the  N. 
extremity  of  the  boundary  between  Bootan  and  Sikkim.  It 
is  23,176  feet  high. 

Dun'kinee'ly,  or  Dunkanc'ly,  a  village  of  Ireland, 
CO.  and  3  miles  W.  of  Donegal,  N.E.  of  the  head  of  Mac- 
swine's  Bay. 

Dun'kinsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co.,  0.,  12 
mile=  S.E.  of  Winchester  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Dun'kirk  (Fr.  Dunkerque,  dilN"'kaiRk' ;  Ger.  DUnhir' 
chen,  diin^keSu'K^n),  a  fortified  seaport  town,  and  the 
northernmost  of  France,  department  of  Nord,  on  the  Strait 
of  Dover,  40  miles  N.AV.  of  Lille,  and  45  miles  E.  of  Dover, 
at  the  junction  of  3  canals  and  of  several  railways.  It  con- 
sists of  three  parts, — the  town  proper,  the  lower  town,  and 


DUN 


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DUN 


the  citadel.  It  haa  a  town  hnll,  thentre,  eo^certliall,  nr- 
•ral  fine  chorchen,  a  lofly  belfry,  nevernl  hosuitnlit,  mili- 
tary and  civil  prisuna,  bornicks,  a  college,  a  puolic  library, 
soap-,  atarch-,  and  iron-wurka,  ahlp-yarda,  augar-worka, 
fuundriea,  distilleriea,  oil-,  cotton-,  and  jute-milia,  a  heavy 
trade,  and  nn  important  fltihcry.  It  hoa  2  harbora,  with  ex- 
tenalve  dncka,  a  brcakwntor,  and  otiier  artiTicial  improve- 
ments. Pop.  in  18UI,  3i),-tV8.  It  appoara  to  have  become  a 
place  of  aome  importance  in  the  tenth  century,  when  it 
was  flrat  aurroundod  by  walla.  The  possession  of  it  waa 
repeatedly  contested  by  the  Spaniards  and  French.  In 
105S  it  was  given  up  to  the  English,  in  whose  possession  it 
continued  till  1(S62,  when  Charles  II.  sold  it  to  Louis  XIV. 
Dan'kirk,  a  post-villago  of  Jay  co.,  Ind.,  68  miles  by 
rail  K  S.E.  of  Logansport,  and  about  18  miles  N.E.  of 
^uncie.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper 
"bfflce,  a  bank,  a  window-glass  factory,  and  2  bottle-factories. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1024. 
lluiikirk,  Calvert  co.,  Md.  See  Smithville. 
Dunkirk,  a  port  of  entry  in  Dunkirk  township,  Chau- 
tauqua CO.,  N.T.,  on  Lake  Erie,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore  A 
Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  nuffalo,  48 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Erie,  and  460  miles  W.N.W.  of  New  York. 
The  Western  division  of  the  Erie  Railroad  terminates  at 
this  place,  which  is  the  N.  terminus  of  the  Dunkirk,  Alle- 
ghany Valley  A  Pittsburg  Railroad,  extending  to  Titusville, 
Pa.  It  has  a  safe  and  commodious  harbor,  with  wharves 
for  the  accommodation  of  the  numerous  steamboats  and 
aailing-vessels  that  ply  between  this  town  and  other  lake 
ports.  It  contains  a  large  opera-house,  2  banks,  10  churches, 
an  orphan  asylum,  a  monastery,  a  public  hall,  10  graded 
schools,  and  printiifg-offices  which  issue  2  daily  and  2  weekly 
newspapers.  Here  are  extensive  warehouses  and  work- 
shops of  the  Erie  Railroad,  also  several  iron-works,  a  foun- 
dry, 1  or  more  lumber-mills,  and  a  manufactory  of  agri- 
oultural  implements.  The  Brooks  Locomotive  Works  of 
this  place  employ  about  1250  men.  An  electric-railroad 
connects  all  the  depots  with  Fredonia.  Dunkirk  is  supplied 
with  lake-water  by  the  Holly  Water- Works,  and  is  lighted 
with  gas.     Pop.  in  1880,  7248;  in  1890,  9416. 

Dunkirk,  a  post-village  of  Hardin  co.,  0.,  in  Blanchard 
township,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Rail- 
road, 24  miles  E.  of  Lima,  and  about  20  miles  S.  of  Findlay. 
It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded 
school,  a  stone-ballast  works,  a  hub-,  spoke-,  and  handle- 
mill,  a  planing-mill,  an  oil  refinery,  <tc.     Pop.  1220. 
Dunkirk,  a  township  of  D.ane  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  1406. 
Dunk'lin,  a  southeastern  county  of  Missouri,  bordering 
on  Arkansas,  has  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.     It  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  St.  Francis  River,  and  is  inter- 
sected by  Castor  or  Little  River.     The  surface  is  low,  is  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests,  and  is  subject  to  inundation. 
The  soil  produces  some  Indian   corn,  grass,  Ac.     Capital, 
Kennett.     The   county   is   intersected   by   two   railroads. 
Pop.  in  1870,  5982;  in  1880,  9604;  in  1890,  15,085. 
Dunklin,  a  post-township  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C. 
Dnnkonr,  or  Dankanr,  diin'kSwr',  atown  of  India, 
district  of  Boolundshahur,  on  the  Jumna,  28  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Delhi,     Pop.  5423. 

Dunks'burir,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pettis  co.,  Mo.,  8  miles 
S.  of  Brownsville  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  saw-  and 
grist-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  100. 

Dunkur,  dQn'kun^  a  village  of  India,  on  the  Spiti, 
near  the  Sutlej,  140  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Leh.  Lat.  32°  18' 
N.;  Ion.  78°  20'  E. 

Dun'lap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Peoria  co..  III.,  on  the  Peoria 
A  Rock  Island  Railroad,  15  miles  N.  of  Peoria.  Pop.  80. 
Dunlap,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  co.,  Iowa,  in  Har- 
rison township,  on  Boyer  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  A  North- 
western Railroad,  61  miles  N.N.E.  of  Omaha,  and  17  miles 
S.W.  of  Denison.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  a  money-order 
j)ost-office,  a  flouring-mill,  a  graded  school,  and  2  newspaper 
offices.  Here  are  a  large  hotel  and  fine  railroad  buildings, 
and  the  place  has  a  heavy  trade.     Pop.  in  1890,  1088. 

Dnnlap,  a  post-village  of  Morris  co.,  Kansas,  is  near 
the  Neosho  River,  9  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Council  Grove. 
It  has  4  churches  and  a  bank.     Pop.  408. 
Dunlap,  a  post-villago  of  Ohio.     See  Georgetown. 
Dunlap,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Sequatchie  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Sequatchie  River,  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Chattanooga. 
Dnn'lap^ville,  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  East  Fork  of  the  Whitewater  River,  about  20   miles 
W.S.W.  of  Richmond.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 
Pop.  about  150. 

Dnn^lav'in,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Wicklow,  8  miles 
N.  of  Baltinglass,     Pop.  651, 
Danlearjr,  a  former  name  of  Eikgstow,  Ireland. 


Dunlccr',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Lonth,  11  miles  by 
rail  .«!.  of  Dundalk.     Pop.  628. 

Dunleith,  Illinois.    See  East  DuBuqtii!. 

Dunleith,  dOn-lceth',  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  W. 
Va.,  on  the  Twelve  Pole  River,  about  7  miles  (direct)  N. 
by  W.  of  Wayne  Court-llouse,  and  14  miles  (direct)  W.S.W. 
of  Barboursville.     It  has  a  general  store. 

Dun-le-Pallctcnu,diiN«l9h-p&lM9h-tO'(orpftirtr)'), 
a  town  of  Franco,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Ou6rct.     Pop.  I2SB. 

Dnn-le-Roi,  dON»-Iflh-rw&  (anc.  Cui'trum  Jhi'mt),  a 
town  of  France,  in  Cher,  11  miles  N.  of  Saint-Amand, 
on  the  Auron.     Pop.  4357. 

Dun'lo,  a  post-office  of  Cambria  co.,  Pa. 

Dunlop',  a  village  of  Scotland,  cos.  of  Ayr  and  Ren- 
frew, 7i  miles  N.E.  of  Irvine.     Pop.  380. 

Dun'low,  a  post  village  of  Wayne  co.,  W.  Va. 

Dun^nan'us  Bay,  an  inlet  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Ire- 
land, CO.  of  Cork,  4  miles  in  breadth  at  its  entrance,  and 
stretching  inland  about  12  miles. 

Dunman'way,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  30  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Cork.     Pop.  2046. 

Dnn'mor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Muhlenberg  co.,  Ky.,  18 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Central  City,  and  15  miles  (direct)  S.E, 
of  Greenville.  It  has  general  stores  and  other  business 
houses.     Pop.  in  1890,  82. 

Dnn^more',  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  7  miles  S.E. 
of  Stirling. 

Dnnmore,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Galway,  7i  milei 
N.N.E.  of  Tuam.     Pop.  640. 

Dnnmore,  or  East  Dunraore,  a  town  of  Ireland, 
CO.  and  8i  miles  S.E.  of  Waterford,  on  Waterford  harbor. 

Dun'more',  a  post-borough  of  Lackawanna  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  A  Western  Railroad,  and  on 
the  Pennsylvania  Coal  Company's  Railroad,  12  miles  N.E. 
of  Pittston,  and  3  miles  E.N.E.  of  Scranton.  It  is  in  the 
Lackawanna  Valley,  has  rich  mines  of  anthracite  coal,  and 
is  mainly  supported  by  the  coal-business.  It  has  5  churches 
and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  8315. 

Dunmore,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pocahontas  co.,  W.  Va.,  55 
miles  N.  of  White  Sulphur  Springs.  It  has  a  church,  a 
grist-mill,  and  2  saw-mills. 

Dunmore  Town,  a  town  of  the  Bahamas,  finely  situ- 
ated on  Harbor  Island,  at  the  N.E.  extremity  of  Elcutbera. 
It  has  a  large  trade  in  pine-apples.     Pop.  2500. 

Dun'mow,  or  Great  Dun'mow,  a  town  of  England, 
CO.  of  Essex,  on  the  Chelmer,  10  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Brain- 
tree.  The  town  is  supposed  to  have  been  the  Roman  Ctesnr- 
nm'agna.  It  has  a  fine  church,  a  market-cross,  a  workhouse, 
and  manufactures  of  sacking.     Pop.  of  parish,  2983. 

Dunmur'ry,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Antrim,  on  the 
Glen  water,  4i  miles  by  rail  S.  by  AV.  of  Belfast.     Pop.  ;')()1. 

Dunn,  a  county  in  the  W.N.W.  part  of  Wisconsin,  has 
an  area  of  864  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Chip- 
pewa and  Menomonee  (or  Red  Cedar)  Rivers,  which  unite 
in  the  southern  part  of  the  county,  and  is  partly  drained  liy 
Hay  River.  The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly,  and  a  lar^'u 
part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  pine  and 
sugar-maple  are  found.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats, 
hay,  and  lumber  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Rail- 
road, the  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  A  Omaha  Railroad, 
and  another  railroad.  Silurian  sandstone  lies  next  to  the 
surface.  Capital,  Menomonee.  Pop.  in  1870,  9488;  in  1880, 
16,817;  in  1890,22,664. 

Dunn,  a  post-office  of  Moultrie  co.,  III.,  near  Hampton 
Station,  5  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Sullivan. 

Dunn,  a  post-village  of  Harnett  co.,  N.C.,  24  miles  by 
rail  N.E.  of  Fayetteville.  It  has  6  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  manufactures  of  spirits  of  turpentine,  sash,  door?, 
and  blinds,  Ac.     Pop.  419. 

Dnnn  Brook,  a  post-office  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y. 

Dunne^al,  an  island  of  Ireland.     See  RiNOAn.soA. 

Dun'nell,  or  Lake  Fre'mont',  a  post-hamlet  of 
Martin  co.,  Minn.,  35  miles  S.S.E.  of  Windom.  The  naiDe 
of  its  post-office  is  Dunnell. 

Dnn'net,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Caithness,  on, 
Dunnet  Bay,  7i  miles  E.N.E.  of  Thurso. 

Dun'net  Head,  a  rocky  peninsula  of  Scotland,  form- 
ing the  N.  extremity  of  Great  Britain,  and  having  on  it  a 
light-house  340  feet  above  the  sea,  in  lat.  58°  40'  N.,  Ion. 
3°  21'  W.     On  the  S.W.  side  is  the  inlet  of  Dunnet  Bay. 

Dunn'igan,  or  Dnn'igan,  formerly  Antelope,  a 
post-village  of  Yolo  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  California  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Woodland.  It  has  3  stores,  2 
hotels,  a  public  hall,  and  about  25  houses. 

Dun'ning,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  8i  miles  S.S.W 
of  Perth  by  railway.     Pop.  1213. 


DUN 


10G9 


DUP 


Dun'ning,  or  Dun'nings,  a  post-village  of  Lacka- 
wanna CO.,  Pa.,  in  Roaring  Brook  township,  on  the  Dela- 
ware, Lackawanna  <fc  Western  Railroad,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Seranton.  It  has  2  churches,  a  large  tannery,  3  steam  saw- 
mill8,  and  other  lumber-mills,  in  which  water-power  is  used. 

Dunningen,  doon'ning-^n,  a  village  of  WUrtemberg, 
7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Rottweil.     Pop.  160y. 

Dun'ning's,  a  station  in  Bradford  cc.  Pa.,  on  the 
Northern  Central  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Elmira,  N.Y. 

Dunning's  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  runs  southward  in 
Bedford  co.,  and  enters  the  Raystown  Branch  of  the  Juniata 
at  the  borough  of  Bedford. 

Dunning's  Creek,  a  station  in  Bedford  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  railroad  from  Bedford  to  Mount  Dallas,  at  the  junction 
of  the  branch  extending  to  Holderbaum. 

Dunning's  Mountain,  Pennsylvania,  is  a  long  ridge 
in  the  north  part  of  Bedford  co.  and  the  south  part  of  Blair 
CO.  It  is  a  continuation  of  the  ridge  which  is  called  Bald 
Eagle  Mountain  in  Centre  co. 

Dun'ning  Street,  a  hamlet  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Malta  township,  2  miles  from  Round  Lake  Station.  It 
has  a  church.     Here  is  Malta  Post-Office. 

Dun'ningsville,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Pa., 
in  Nottingham  township,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Washington. 
It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Dunningville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  Michigan  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  8  miles  N.W.  of 
Allegan.     It  has  a  church  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  150. 

Dun^nose',  a  lofty  headland  of  the  Isle  of  AVight,  on 
its  S.E.  coast.     Lat.  50°  37'  N. ;  Ion.  1°  11'  .36"  W. 

Dun^not'tar,  a  parish  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Kincardine, 
on  the  North  Sea,  and  comprising  the  town  of  Stonehaven. 
The  ruin  of  Dunnottar  Castle,  formerly  the  scat  of  the 
Keiths,  stands  on  a  perpendicular  rock  160  feet  above  the 
sea  and  almost  separated  from  the  mainland  by  a  deep 
chasm.  The  castle  was  taken  in  1296  by  Wallace.  In 
1685  many  Covenanters  were  imprisoned  in  the  dungeons 
of  Dunnottar.     It  was  dismantled  after  1715. 

Dunn's,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  S.'JS. 

Dunn's  Eddy,  a  station  in  Warren  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
railroad  from  Oil  City  to  Irvine,  50  miles  N.E.  of  Oil  City. 

Dunn's  Landing,  Arkansas.     See  A.skbw. 

Dunn's  Rock,  a  township  of  Transylvania  co.,  N.C. 
Pop."  420. 

Dunn's  Store,  a  post-ofEce  of  Caroline  co.,  Va. 

Dunns'town,  a  village  of  Clinton  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  left 
or  N.  bank  of  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River, 
li  miles  from  Lock  Haven.  It  has  a  church  and  2  large 
Bteam  saw-mills.     Pop.  about  200. 

DuHns'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  3 
miles  N.  of  Knowersville  Station. 

Dunnsvillc,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Rappahannock,  40  miles  N.E.  of  Richmond.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  fruit-canning  factory. 

Dunn'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Casey  co.,  Ky.,  25  miles 
from  McKinney  Station.   It  has  a  church,  2  stores,  and  a  mill. 

Dunnvilie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dunn  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Chippewa  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Red  Cedar,  at  the  head 
of  steam  navigation,  12  miles  S.  of  Menomonee.  Many 
persons  are  employed  here  in  the  lumber-business, 

Dunnvilie,  a  village  and  port  of  entry  in  Monck  co., 
Ontario,  on  Grand  River,  40  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Hamil- 
ton, and  50  miles  by  water  W.  by  N.  of  Buifalo.  It  has  a 
branch  bank,  a  printing-office  issuing  a  weekly  newspaper, 
woollen-,  grist-,  saw-,  and  other  mills,  a  foundry,  and  a  large 
lumber-  and  grain-trade.     Pop.  1452. 

Dunois,  dii^nwS,',  an  ancient  territory  of  France,  prov- 
ince of  Orleannois  (Orleannais),  now  forming  parts  of  the 
departments  of  Eure-et-Loir,  Loir-ct-Cher,  and  Loiret. 

Dun'ol'ly,  a  ruined  castle  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Argyle, 
on  a  rock  forming  the  N.  point  of  Oban  Bay, 

Dun^ol'ly,  a  mining-borough  of  Gladstone  co.,  Victoria, 
Australia,  30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Castlemaine.     Pop.  1553, 

Dun^oon',  a  town  of  Scotland,  co,  of  Argyle,  on  tho 
W.  side  of  the  Firth  of  Clyde,  7i  miles  W,  of  Greenock, 
It  is  a  favorite  watering-place.     Pop.  3756, 

Dunreath,  diin-reeth',  a  post-village  of  Marion  co., 
Iowa,  27  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Des  Moines,  It  has  a  church 
and  a  coal-mine.     Pop.  about  500. 

Dunreith,  diin-reeth',  a  post- village  of  Henry  co.,  Ind., 
in  Spiceland  township,  on  Flat  Rock  Creek,  10  miles  by  rail 
S.  of  New  Castle.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a 
gaw-mill,  and  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  168. 

Dun^rob'in  Castle,  Scotland,  7  miles  E.N.E.  of  Dor- 
noch, is  a  residence  of  the  Duke  of  Sutherland. 

Dun^ross'ness,  a  peninsula  at  the  S.  extremity  of 
Shetland  mainland,  and  terminating  in  Sumburgh  Head. 


Dunse,  dunss,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Berwick,  on 
a  branch  railway,  13  miles  W.  of  Berwick-on-Tweed.  It 
has  a  town  hall,  subscription  and  other  libraries,  a  reading- 
room,  and  2  branch  banks.  It  is  said  to  have  been  the 
birthplace  of  Duns  Scotus.     Pop,  2618, 

Dunseith,  diin-seeth',  a  post-village  of  Rolette  co., 
N.D.,  20  miles  (direct)  S,W,  of  St.  John's.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  common  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manu- 
factures of  pottery.     Pop,  about  150, 

Dunshaughlin,  diin-shawH'lin,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co, 
of  Meath,  11  miles  S.S.E.  of  Navan.     Pop.  362. 

Dun^shelt',  or  Daneshalt,  din-shfilt',  a  village  of 
Scotland,  co.  of  Fife,  1  mile  S.E.  of  Auchtermuchty. 

Dun^sinane',  or  Dunsin'nan,  one  of  the  Sidlaw 
Hills,  in  Scotland,  co,  and  7  miles  N,E.  of  Perth,  Eleva- 
tion, 1114  feet,      • 

Duns'fort,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co,.  Pa,,  on 
Big  Buffalo  Creek,  about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Pittsburg. 

Dun^sinsk',  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Dublin,  4  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Dublin  Castle,  near  Trinity  College  Observatory, 

Dunsmuir,  diinz'mure,  a  post-village  of  Siskiyou  co., 
Cal.,  63  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Montague.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  railroad  repair-  and  machine-shops, 

Dun'stable,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  18  miles  by 
rail  S.S.W.  of  Bedford,  at  the  E.  base  of  the  Chiltern  Hills. 
The  town,  situated  among  chalk  downs,  consists  of  antique 
brick  houses,  and  has  extensive  manufactures  of  straw  hats, 
bonnets,  straw  plait,  and  whiting.     Pop.  4558, 

Dunstable,  dun'sta-b'l,  a  post-hamlet  in  Dunstable 
township,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  6  miles  by  rail  S.  of 
Nashua,  N.H,  It  has  2  churches,  2  saw-mills,  Ac,  Pop, 
of  the  township,  416, 

Dun^staff'nage,  an  ancient  royal  castle  of  Scotland, 
CO,  of  Argyle,  on  Loch  Etive,  2i  miles  N.E,  of  Oban,  It 
belonged  to  the  Scottish  monarchs  in  early  times,  and  is  of 
unknown  antiquity, 

Dun'ster,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Somerset,  32 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Somerton.     Pop.  of  parish,  1156. 

Duns'ton,  or  Duns'ton  Cor'ners,  a  village  of 
Cumberland  co..  Me.,  in  Scarborough  township,  1  mile  from 
West  Scarborough  Station.  It  has  a  church  and  a  high 
school.     Here  is  Scarborough  Post-Office, 

Dun-sur-Mcuse,  diiNo-sUn-muz,  a  town  of  France, 
in  Mouse,  12  miles  S.S,W,  of  Montm6dy,  on  the  Meuse, 
Pop,  927, 

Duntocher,  diin-tJK'^r  or  diin-t6Fi'§r,  a  village  of 
Scotland,  co,  of  Dumbarton,  8  miles  N,W,  by  W.  of  Glas- 
gow, with  cotton-factories  and  manufactures  of  agricultural 
implements,  Ac,     Pop,  1367, 

Dunton,  Illinois.    See  Arlington  Heights. 

Dun'tonsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Edgefield  co,,  S,C,,  $ 
miles  N,W,  of  Edgefield  Court-House, 

DunHroon',  or  Bow'more,  or  Scotch  Corners, 
a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co,,  Ontario,  8  miles  S.  of  CoUing- 
wood.     Pop,  150, 

DunVeg'an,  a  bay  and  headland  of  Scotland,  on  the 
W.  coast  of  the  Isle  of  Skye. 

Dunveg'an,  or  Kcn'yon,  a  post-village  in  Glengarry 
CO.,  Ontario,  31  miles  N.  of  Cornwall,     Pop,  250, 

Dunvegan  Fort,  North-AVest  Territories,  Canada,  on 
Peace  River,     Lat,  56°  14'  N, ;  Ion.  117°  30'  W, 

Dunwich,  diin'ich,  a  decayed  borough  of  England,  oo. 
of  Suffolk,  on  the  North  Sea,  26  miles  N.E,  of  Ipswich, 
It  was  anciently  an  important  city,  the  capital  of  East 
Anglia,  but  has  been  almost  entirely  destroyed  by  inroad? 
of  the  sea.     Pop.  of  parish,  234, 

Du  Page,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an 
area  of  about  .340  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E. 
by  the  Des  Plaines  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Du  Page 
Creek,  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level.  The  soil 
is  very  fertile.  A  large  part  of  the  county  is  prairie.  Oats, 
hay,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  &  Nortnwestern 
Railroad,  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  the  Elgin,  Joliet 
&  Eastern  Railroad,  and  other  railroads.  Pop,  in  1870, 
16,685;  in  1880,  19,161;   in  1890,  22,551, 

Du  Page,  a  post-township  of  Will  co..  111.,  on  the  Chi- 
cago &  Alton  Railroad,  about  30  miles  S.W,  of  Chicago, 
It  is  partly  drained  by  the  Des  Plaines  River,     Pop.  1254, 

Du  Page  Creek,  Illinois,  rises  in  Du  Page  co.,  runs 
southward  in  Will  co.,  and  enters  the  Des  Plaines  River 
about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Joliet,     It  is  nearly  60  miles  long, 

Du  Plain,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  Mich,,  in  Du 
Plain  township,  on  Maple  River,  9  miles  N.E.  of  St.  John, 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  tannery.  The  township  contains 
the  village  of  Elsie,     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1773. 


DUP 


lOTO 


DUR 


Dn^plain'rillCt  a  po«t-offic«  of  Waukaha  oo.,  Wis. 

DapllBt  du'plin,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  uf  North 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  828  aqaare  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  the  N.K.  branch  of  Cape  Pear  River.  The  sur- 
face is  level,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and 
other  tree*.  The  soil  is  sandy  and  nioder&toly  fertile. 
Cotton,  Indian  corn,  pork,  sweet  potatoes,  tar,  and  tur|)en- 
tine  are  staple  products.  The  western  portion  of  the  county 
is  intersected  from  N.  to  S.  by  the  Wilmington  <t  Woldon 
Railroad.  Capital,  Kcnansville.  Pop.  in  1870,  15,542;  in 
1880,  18,733;  in  1890,  1»,690. 

Duplin  ItoadSf  a  bnmlot  in  Island  Creek  township, 
Duplin  CO.,  N.C.,  on  the  Wilmington  A  Weldon  Railroad, 
S6  miles  N.  of  Wilmington.     Pop.  about  100. 

Dn^pont'f  a  station  on  the  Wilmington  A  Reading  Rail- 
road, 7  miles  N.  of  Wilmington,  Del. 

Diipont,  a  post-rillago  of  Clinch  oo.,  Ga.,  on  the  Atlan- 
tic »t  (Julf  Railroad,  nt  the  junction  of  the  Florida  division 
with  the  main  line,  131  miles  W.S.W.  of  Savannah.  It  has 
3  or  4  stores  and  2  churches.     Pop.  about  125. 

Dapont,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ind.,  in  Lan- 
caster township,  on  the  Joifersonville,  Madison  &  India- 
napolis Railroad,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Madison.  It  bos  2 
churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Dupont,  a  post-office  of  Hennepin  oo.,  Minn.,  about  19 
miles  (direct)  W.N.W,  of  Minneapolis. 

Dupont,  a  post-bamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  0.,  15  miles  by 
rail  N.  by  E.  of  Delphos.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school, 
and  stave-,  lumber-,  and  tile-mills.     Pop.  531. 

Dapont,  a  post-township  of  Waupaca  co.,  Wis.,  about 
37  miles  N.W.  of  Appleton.     Pop.  1386. 

Duppau,  d5dp'p5w,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  18  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Elbogen,  on  the  Aubach.     Pop.  1752. 

Du^prees',  a  post-hamlet  of  Charlotte  co.,  Va.,  7  miles 
from  Drake's  Branch  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Duquesne^  du-kain',  a  former  borough  of  Alleghany 
CO.,  Pa.,  is  now  the  Sth  ward  of  Alleghany  City. 

Du  Qaoin,  du  kwoin',  a  post-village  of  Perry  co.,  111., 
in  Du  Quoin  township,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  77 
miles  N.  of  Cairo,  and  71  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo., 
with  which  it  is  connected  by  the  St.  Louis,  Alton  <k  Terre 
Haute  Railroad.  Its  prosperity  is  derived  partly  from 
mines  of  bituminous  coal.  It  has  2  banks,  a  graded  school, 
2  newspaper  offices,  6  churches,  a  machine-shop,  a  foundry, 
and  salt-works.  Coal  is  mined  here  by  12  companies.  Pop. 
in  1890,  4052. 

Dor,  a  village  of  Persia.    See  Doon. 

Dnra,  the  ancient  name  of  Imam-Door. 

Durak,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Doorak. 

Durance,  dU^rftsss'  (L.  Dnten'tia),  a  river  in  the  S.E. 
part  of  France,  rises  near  Mont  GenSvre,  in  Hautes-Alpes, 
and,  after  a  tortuous  S.W.  course  of  160  miles,  joins  the 
Rhone  3  miles  S.W.  of  Avignon. 

Dnrand,  du-rand',  a  post-village  of  Winnebago  co., 
111.,  in  Durand  township,  18  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Free- 
port,  and  about  18  miles  N.W.  of  Rockford.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a 
saw-mill,  a  creamery,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  flour-mill. 
Pop.  in  1890,  489;  of  the  township,  122.'?. 

Durand,  a  post-vill.ago  of  Shiawassee  co.,  Mich.,  8 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Corunna.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  an  academy,  and  manufactures  of  boat- 
oars,  mattresses,  and  steam-evaporators.     Pop.  255. 

Durand,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pepin  co.,  Wis.,  on 
the  E.  bank  of  the  Chippewa  River,  about  18  miles  from 
its  mouth,  and  29  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Eau  Claire. 
Steamboats  can  ascend  the  river  to  this  place.  It  has  a 
court-house,  a  high  school,  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  money-order  post-office,  and  manufactures  of  bricks, 
furniture,  lumber,  and  wooden-ware.     Pop.  in  1890,  1154. 

Durand  Station,  Illinois.    See  Durand. 

Durango,  doo-rin'go  or  doo-rSn*'go,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  of  Biscay,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Bilbao,  on  the  Durango. 
It  has  a  hospital,  iron-works,  and  a  trade  in  chestnuts. 
Pop.  2619. 

Durango,  doo-ring'go,  a  state  of  Mexico,  between 
lat.  23°  37'-27°  45'  N.  and  Ion.  102°  30'-107°  17'  AV., 
surrounded  by  Chihuahua,  Cohahuila,  Zacatecas,  Jalisco, 
Sonera,  and  Cinaloa.  Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  about  280 
miles:  breadth,  150  miles;  area,  42,498  square  miles.  It 
is  mostly  rocky  and  mountainous,  and  is  traversed  by  the 
Sierra  Madre.  It  is  watered  by  only  a  few  streams,  the 
most  important  of  which  is  the  Rio  de  las  Nases,  which 
loses  itself  in  the  Lake  of  Cayman.  The  greater  part  of 
this  state  is  a  barren  and  irreclaimable  waste;  but  there 
are  some  fine  meadows,  well  adapte.1  for  grazing,  and  along 
the  banks  of  the  streams  tho  soil  is  rich  and  fertile,  pro- 


ducing in  abundance  corn,  maize,  rice,  and  other  cereals. 
Agriculture,  cattle-rearing,  and  working  the  gold,  silver, 
and  iron  in  the  mountains  are  the  chief  employments. 
Capital,  Durango.     Pop,  (1882)  196,852. 

Durango,  called  also  Guadiann,  gw&-do-&'n&,  and 
Ciudad  de  Victoria,  see-oo-d&d' d&  vik-to'ro-&,  a  town 
of  Mexico,  capital  of  the  above  state,  7295  feet  above  sea- 
level.  Lat.  24°  25'  N.;  Ion.  103°  34'  37"  Vf.  It  is  iiio- 
turosque,  and  has  2  largo  churches,  a  college,  a  ho.opital, 
convents,  a  mint,  numerous  woollen-  and  cotton-manutacto- 
rios,  and  a  good  trade  in  cattle  and  leather.  It  is  a  bishop's 
see.  Iron-mines  are  wrought  in  the  vicinity.  It  was  founded 
about  the  middle  of  the  sixteenth  century.     Pop.  27,111. 

Durango,  du-ran'go,  a  post-village,  capital  of  La  Plata 
CO.,  Col.,  45  milt'8  by  rail  S.  of  Silverton.  It  has  7  churches, 
2  banks,  5  newspaper  office.*!,  and  sraelting-works.    P.  2726. 

Durango,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa,  8  miles 
N.W.  of  Dubuque.     It  has  a  church. 

Durango,  a  po.n-village  of  Falls  co.,  Tex.,  13  miles 
(direct)  W.S.W.  of  Martin.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  300. 

Duranius,  tho  supposed  ancient  name  ot'DonnooNE. 

DuVant',  a  post-office  and  station  in  tho  Choctaw 
country,  Indian  Territory,  19  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Deni- 
son,  Tex.     It  has  2  churches. 

Durant,  a  post-village  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa,  19  miles  by 
rail  W.N.W.  of  Davenport.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  and 
manuficturcs  of  butter  and  cheese.     Pop.  505. 

Durant,  a  post-village  of  Holmes  co..  Miss.,  on  the  Big 
Black  Uiver,  59  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Jackson,  and  12 
miles  E.  of  Lexington.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  wagon-,  and  a  barrel-factory.     Pop.  1259. 

Durant's  Neck,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perquimans  co., 
N.C.,  on  Albemarle  Sound,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Hertford. 

Diiras,  diiV&ss',  a  town  of  France,  in  Lot-et-Garonne, 
12  miles  N.  of  Marmande.     Pop.  1663. 

Duras,  doo-ris',  or  Dras,  dris,  a  valley  of  Ladakh, 
lat.  34°  22'  N.,  Ion.  75°  30'  E.,  9000  feet  above  the  sea. 

Duras,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Durazzo. 

Duravel,  dU'ri^-8l',  a  town  of  France,  in  Lot,  18  mile« 
by  rail  W.  of  Cahors,  on  the  Lot.     Pop.  1848. 

Durazzano,  doo-r^t-si'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
of  Benovento,  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Casorta.     Pop.  1830. 

Durazzo,  doo-rit'so,  or  Duras,  doo-rfts'  (anc.  Epi- 
dam'nn^ ;  afterwards  Di/rrha'chiunt),  a  fortified  town  of 
Turkey,  in  Albania,  30  miles  AV.N.W.  of  EI-Bassan,  on  a 
peninsula  in  the  Adriatic.  Pop.  about  7000.  It  has  an 
active  import  and  export  trade.  It  is  the  seat  of  Greek 
and  Catholic  archbishops.  The  ancient  Epidamnus,  a  col- 
ony of  Corcyreans,  was  the  chief  maritime  town  of  Illyria. 

Dur'ban',  D'Ur'ban',  or  Port  Natal,  na-til',  a 
town  of  Africa,  in  Natal,  3  miles  by  rail  from  its  harbor,  on 
Port  Natal  Bay,  and  45  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pictcnnaritzburg. 
It  is  the  chief  town  of  the  colony,  and  has  4  banks,  a  prison, 
several  schools,  and  a  large  trade.     Pop.  5581. 

Durbcn,  doSa'b^n,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Courland,  on 
the  S.E.  shore  of  Lake  Durbcn,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Libau 
Pop.  1500. 

Durbctum,  the  Latin  for  Dorpat. 

Durbin's  Corners,  Ohio.    See  Wkst  Jeffersox. 

Durbungah,  or  Darbhanga,  dur'biin'ga,  a  town  of 
India,  capital  of  the  district  of  the  same  name,  on  the  state 
railway,  44  miles  N.  of  Barh.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  maha- 
rnjah,  and  has  fine  public  buildings  and  several  great  tanks. 
It  is  a  thriving  i>lacc,  though  built  upon  low  and  almost 
swampy  ground.     Pop,  42,450. 

Durbungab,  or  Darbhanga,  a  district  of  Bengal,  a 
part  of  Tirhoot.  Lat.  25°  2U'-26°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  85°  30'-86° 
40'  E.  It  is  a  very  level,  fertile  district,  having  the  Ganges 
for  a  part  of  its  southern  boundary.  Area,  3874  squixa 
miles.     Capital,  Durbungah.     Pop.  1,621,816. 

Durbuy,  dQR-boi'  (Fr. pron.diin'bwee'),  a  town  of  Bel- 
gium, in  Luxembourg,  on  tne  Ourthe,  11  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Marche.     Pop.  700. 

Durcal,  dojR-kil',  a  village  of  Spain,  in  And.ilusia,  14 
miles  S.  of  Granada,  near  Mount  Sahor.     Pop.  2236. 

Durell',  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  1  mile 
from  Standing  Stone. 

DUren,  du'r?n,  or  lUark-Diiren,  maRK-dii'r?n  (anc, 
Marcoila'rum),  a  town  of  Ilheni.«h  Prussia,  at  an  important 
railway  junction,  18  miles  E.  of  Aix-la-Chapelle,  on  the 
Ruhr.  It  has  a  blind  asylum,  numerous  churches,  a  fem.ale 
high  school,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth."",  c.assiincres, 
cotton  goods,  nails,  cutlery,  needles,  linen,  felt,  zinc  sheets, 
iron  rails,  watches,  soap,  leather,  and  colored  silks.  In  its 
vicinity  are  oil-,  pajier-,  and  wire-mills,  Diiren  is  of  Roman 
origin,  and  is  mentioned  by  Tacitus,     Pop.  16,000. 

Dur'gen'8  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Lewis  co.,  Mo. 


DUR 


1071 


DUR 


Durgerdam,  duR^H§r-d3,m',  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, on  the  Y,  nearly  opposite  Amsterdam. 

Durham,  diir'am,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  England, 
having  E.  the  North  Sea.  The  surface  is  mountainous  in 
the  W.,  where  one  range  has  an  elevation  of  from  1000  to 
2196  feet,  whence  several  other  ranges  decline  towards  the 
coast.  The  river  Tees  forms  the  southern  boundary,  and  the 
Tyne  the  northern ;  the  other  rivers  are  the  Wear,  Skerne, 
and  Derwent.  The  western  part  of  the  county  consists  of 
mountain  limestone  rich  in  coal  and  lead  ore.  The  breed 
of  short-horned  cattle  raised  here  is  deservedly  famous. 
The  Durham  collieries  are  the  most  extensive  and  valuable 
in  the  kingdom ;  near  the  coast  are  numerous  coal-mines  ; 
iron,  slate,  fire-clay,  grindstone,  marble,  and  fire-proof 
gtono  are  also  important  products.  Durham,  as  a  county 
palatine,  was  formerly  under  the  sovereignty  of  its  bishop, 
most  of  whose  jurisdiction  has  now  merged  in  that  of  the 
crown.  Principal  towns,  Durham,  Sunderland,  Darlington, 
Gateshead,  South  Shields,  and  Stockton.  Area,  1012  square 
miles.     Capital,  Durham.     Pop.  in  1891.  1,016,449. 

Dur'ham,  formerly  Dun'holme  {It.Dunel'mia,  Dun- 
el' mam,  or  Bunhol'mum),  a  city  of  England,  capital  of  the 
above  county,  nearly  in  its  centre,  at  the  junction  of  nu- 
merous railways,  14^  miles  S.  of  Newcastle.  It  has  an 
imposing  external  appearance,  its  cathedral  and  castle  oc- 
cupying the  summit  of  a  steep  rocky  eminence,  surrounded 
by  hanging  gardens  and  plantations,  and  nearly  encircled 
by  the  Wear,  here  crossed  by  several  bridges,  and  beyond 
which,  on  either  side,  are  the  quarters  of  Framwellgate, 
Elvet,  Ac.  The  cathedral,  founded  in  1093,  and  one  of  the 
noblest  edifices  in  the  kingdom,  is  507  feet  in  length,  in- 
cluding the  western  porch,  by  200  feet  in  its  greatest  breadth, 
and  has  a  central  tower  214  feet  in  height;  it  is  chiefly  of 
massive  Norman  architecture,  and  has  the  tomb  of  St.  Cuth- 
bert,  the  chapel  of  the  Venerable  Bede,  a  fine  W.  front,  with 
a  Galilee  chapel,  and  two  richly  ornamented  towers  143  feet 
in  height.  The  see,  founded  near  the  end  of  the  tenth  cen- 
tury, was  long  the  richest  bishopric  in  England.  Adjoining 
the  cloisters  are  the  deanery,  library,  chapter-house,  preb- 
endal  college,  and  exchequer.  The  castle,  a  little  N.  of  the 
cathedral,  was  founded  by  William  the  Conqueror,  and  con- 
tains apartments  for  the  bishop,  but  is  otherwise  chiefly 
appropriated  to  the  university,  incorporated  in  1833,  and 
which  succeeded  one  existing  from  the  time  of  Cromwell  to 
the  Restoration.  There  is  a  college  called  Ilalfield  Hall,  in 
which  students  can  be  educated  on  much  cheaper  terms  than 
in  the  university.  An  additional  college,  on  terms  similar 
to  those  of  Halfield  Hall,  was  opened  in  1851.  Durham 
has  7  parish  churches,  Roman  Catholic  and  other  chapels,  a 
grammar-school  with  exhibitions  to  Oxford  and  Cambridge, 
a  well-endowed  blue-coat  school  and  numerous  other  schools, 
an  infirmary,  almshouses,  and  many  other  charitable  insti- 
tutions, public  libraries,  and  assembly-rooms.  In  the  old 
town,  on  the  N.,  are  the  market-place,  theatre,  and  princi- 
pal shops ;  in  the  quarter  called  Elvet  are  the  county  jail 
and  the  court-house.     Pop.  in  1881,14,932;  in  1891, 14,863. 

Durham,  dur'am,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
Ark.,  in  the  valley  of  White  River,  17  miles  by  rail  S.E. 
of  Fayetteville.  It  has  2  church  organizations,  and  grist-, 
saw-,  and  flour-mills.     Pop.  100. 

Durham,  a  post- village  of  Butte  co.,  Cal.,  15  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Oroville. 

DurRam,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Conn.,  in 
Durham  township,  3  miles  from  Middlefield  Railroad  Sta- 
tion, and  about  17  miles  N.E.  of  New  Haven.  It  contains 
3  churches,  the  Durham  Academy,  and  manufactures  of 
tinware  and  witch  hazel.     Pop.  of  the  township,  856. 

Durham,  a  post-ofiice  of  Hancock  co.,  111.,  in  Durham 
township,  about  15  miles  S.  of  Burlington,  Iowa.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  840. 

Durham,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Albia,  Knoxville  <fc  Des  Moines  Railroad,  8  miles  S.E.  of 
Knoxville.     It  has  2  stores  and  a  broom-factory. 

Durham,  a  post-ofiice  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ky. 

Durham,  a  post-hamlet  of  Androscoggin  co..  Me.,  in 
Durham  township,  on  the  Androscoggin  River,  3  miles  from 
Lisbon  Station,  and  about  10  miles  below  Lewiston.  It  has 
2  churches,  an  academy,  manufactures  of  boots  and  shoes, 
and  a  cooperage.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1111. 

Durham,  a  post-village  of  Lewis  eo.,  Mo.,  in  Highland 
township,  on  the  Middle  Fabius  River,  and  on  the  Quincy, 
Missouri  &  Pacific  Railroad,  15  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Quincy, 
111.     It  has  2  churches,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  oarriage-shop. 

Durham,  a  post-village  of  Straff'ord  co.,  N.H.,  in  Dur- 
ham township,  on  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad,  6  miles 
S.W.  of  Dover.  It  has  a  church,  manufactures  of  bricks, 
and  a  saw-mill.    The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 


Piscataqua  River,  and  is  intersected  by  Lamprey  or  Oyster 
River.     Pop.  of  the  township,  871. 

Durham,  a  post-village  of  Durham  township,  Greene 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  30  miles  S.W.  of  Albany.  It  has  2  churches 
and  an  academy.     Pop.  about  600. 

Durham,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Durham  co.,  N.C., 
26  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  13  churches,  3 
banks,  4  newspaper  offices,  2  colleges,  and  manufactures 
of  tobacco,  snuff,  cheroots,  cotton,  furniture,  marble,  gran- 
ite, knitted  goods,  <fec.  Pop.  5485.  General  Sherman  and 
General  Johnston  concluded  a  treaty  at  Durham  at  the  end 
of  the  civil  war.     Pop.  in  1890,  5485. 

Durham,  a  post-village  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Del- 
aware River,  10  miles  S.  of  Easton.  It  has  a  church,  a 
mill,  a  carriage-factory,  <fec.     Pop.  300. 

Durham,  dur'am,  a  county  of  Ontario,  on  the  N.  coast 
of  Lake  Ontario.  Area,  642  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Grand  Trunk  and  Midland  Railways.  Capital,  Port 
Hope.     Pop.  37,380. 

Durham,  Chatcauguay  co.,  Quebec.    See  OuMSTOwjf. 

Durham,  a  post-village  in  Pictou  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  8 
miles  from  Pictou.     Pop.  180. 

Durham,  or  Ben'tinck,  a  post-vilK^,©  in  Grey  co., 
Ontario,  on  the  Saugeen  River,  17  miles  E.  of  Walkerton. 
It  has  good  water-power,  several  hotels,  a  printing-oflSca 
issuing  a  weekly  newspaper,  a  saw-  and  flouring-mills,  and 
manufactories  of  iron  castings,  leather,  woollens,  wooden- 
ware,  (fee.     Pop.  1200. 

Durham  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Middlesex  co..  Conn. 

Durham  Hill,  a  post-ofiice  of  Waukesha  co..  Wis. 

Durham  Park,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Kansas,  30 
miles  S.  of  Abilene.  Hero  is  a  farm,  called  Durham  Park, 
several  miles  in  extent,  celebrated  for  its  blooded  stock. 

Dur'hamville,  a  post-village  in  Verona  township, 
Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Oneida  Creek,  the  Erie  Canal,  and 
the  New  York  &  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of 
Oneida,  and  about  22  miles  W.  of  Utica.  It  is  also  near  th* 
New  York  Central  Railroad.  It  has  4  churches,  a  glass- 
factory,  a  foundry,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  money-order  post- 
office.     Pop.  859,  of  whom  148  were  in  Madison  co. 

Durhamville,  a  post-village  of  Lauderdale  co.,  Tenn., 
about  55  miles  N.N.E.  of  Memphis.  It  has  2  churches,  and 
the  Lauderdale  Male  and  Female  Institute.    Pop.  150. 

Duria  Major,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Dora  Baltea. 

Duria  Minor,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Dora  Ripaira. 

Durian,  dooVe-in'  or  doo-ri'an,  or  Dryon,  dri'on, 
Great  and  Little,  two  islands  at  the  S.E.  entrance  of  the 
Strait  of  Malacca.     Lat.  0°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  103°  50'  E. 

Durian  Strait  lies  between  the  E.  coast  of  Sumatra 
and  the  island  of  Lingen.     It  is  about  120  miles  in  length. 

Durinum,  or  Durini  Castra.    See  Dorchester. 

Durius,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Douro. 

Durkheim,  diiRk'hime,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Bavaria,  on 
the  Isenach,  18  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Landau.  It  has  a  high 
school,  with  manufactures  of  tobacco,  oil,  glass,  cutlery,  and 
paper,  but  is  best  known  as  a  health-resort.     i?op.  5841. 

Dur'kin's,  a  station  in  Butler  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Karn.i 
City  &  Butler  Railroad,  8  miles  from  Karns  City. 

Durlach,  ddoR'I&K,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Baden,  on 
the  Pfinz,  with  a  station  3  mil«8  by  railway  or  by  canal 
E.S.E.  of  Carlsruhe.  It  was  formerly  the  residence  of  the 
Baden  margraves,  whose  castle  is  now  a  ruin,  in  the  gardens 
around  which  Roman  antiquities  have  been  discovered.  It 
has  an  orphanage,  a  chalybeate  spring,  and  manufactures 
of  tobacco,  beer,  vinegar,  and  earthenwares.     Pop.  6782. 

Durlach,  dilr'lak,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancister  co.,  Pa., 
in  Clay  township,  about  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Reading.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  manufactory  of  spokes  and  felloes. 

Durmri,  doorm'ree,  a  town  of  the  Shahabad  district, 
Bengal.     Pop.  3561. 

Durn'ford,  a  river  of  Eastern  Africa,  coast  of  Zangue- 
bar,  falling  into  the  Indian  Ocean  in  lat.  1°  8'  S. 

Diirnholz,  duRn'h61ts,  a  town  of  Moravia,  25  miles 
S.W.  of  Brunn,  on  the  Thaya.  It  has  an  old  castle  and  % 
hospital.     Pop.  2808. 

Durnovaria,  an  ancient  name  of  Dorchester. 

Diirnstein,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  DtlRRENSTEiu. 

Diirnten,  diim't^n,  Mittel,  mit'tfl,  Oder,  o'b^r,  aua 
Unter,  oon't?r  ("Middle,"  "Upper,"  and  "Lower"),  a 
scattered  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  16  miles  S.E. 
of  Zurich.     Pop.  2072. 

Duroc,  du-rok',  a  post-office  of  Benton  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Osage  River,  about  36  miles  S.  of  Sedalia. 

Durocasses,  the  ancient  name  of  Dreux. 

Durocatalaunum.    See  Chalons-sur-Marne. 

Durocina,  an  ancient  name  of  Dorchester  (Oxford). 

Durocortorum,  the  ancient  name  of  Reims. 


DUR 


lOTsr 


DUT 


Dnrovermamy  tba  aooient  name  of  Cartbrbubt. 

Diirrat  *  l*^ke  of  AfghtnisUn.    Soo  Zurrah. 

Uurraag'dray  ft  town  of  India,  in  Ouiorat,  86  miles 
N.W.  uf  Ottmhuj. 

Dttrronberg,  dUn'R^n-bdRoS  a  village  of  Prussian  Sax- 
opv,  i  miles  S.S.K.  of  Morsoburg ;  has  salt  springs.     P.  350. 

Dttrrenbergt  a  mountnin  of  Upper  Austria,  near  the 
Sftlsft,  2  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ilullein,  containing  mines  from 
which  many  tons  of  stUt  are  niiaod  annually.  Koar  it  is  a 
village  of  the  same  name,  with  a  pop.  of  688. 

DUrronrothf  dUR'K9n-r6t\  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
eanton  and  22  miles  N.E.  of  Bern,  in  an  elevated  and  pic- 
turesque locality.     Pop.  1450. 

DurrensteiDj  dUu'u^n-stlne^  orDUrnstcin*  diinn'- 
rtlne,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria,  on  the  Danube,  3i  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Krema,  with  the  castle  of  Narhemberg  and  an 
abbey  of  the  Augustines.  On  a  high  rock  near  the  town 
are  the  rains  of  the  fortress  in  which  Kichard  Coeur-de-Lion 
was  imprisoned  in  1192.     Pop.  694. 

Diirrhcim,  dUn'hime,  a  village  of  Baden,  4  miles  S.E. 
of  Villingon.     Pop.  1115. 

Diirrmciiz-AIiihlackcr)  dilR'mdnts-mii'l&k^k^r,  a 
town  of  Germany,  in  Wiirtemborg,  on  the  £nz,  17  miles  W. 
of  Ludwigsburg.     Pop.  2639. 

DiirroO)  a  town  of  Cashmere.    See  Ldrroo. 

Dur'row,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  Kilkenny  and  Queen's 
counties,  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Kilkenny.     Pop.  956. 

Durrow'lce,  or  Darauli,  da-rdw'leo,  a  town  of  India, 
district  and  16  miles  S.W.  of  Sarun.  It  is  on  the  river 
Goggrn.     Pop.  3338, 

Diirr-Scc,  diiR^sd,',  a  small  lake  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton and  37  miles  S.  of  Bern,  nearly  4000  feet  above  the  sea. 

Durrung,  or  Darang,durVung',  written  alsoDeyh- 
rungf  dd^riing',  and  Dorang,  ddr^Qng',  a  district  of  India, 
in  Central  Assam.  Area,  3413  square  miles.  Capital,  Tez- 
poor.     Pop.  236,009. 

Dur'sey,  an  island  of  Ireland,  off  its  S.W.  extremity, 
between  the  estuary  of  the  Kenmare  and  Bantry  Bay. 

Durs'ley^  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  14  miles  by  rail 
S.S.W.  of  Gloucester.     Pop.  of  parish,  2413. 

Durtal,  diiR^t&l',  a  town  of  France,  in  Maino-et-Loire, 
on  the  Loir,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Angers.     Pop.  948. 

Durwaz,  or  Uarwaz,  duiOwiz',  a  territory  of  Toor- 
kistan,  between  Budukhshan  and  the  Pameer  Mountains, 
intersected  by  lat.  38°  N.  and  Ion.  71°  E.  It  is  exceedingly 
mountainous,  and  can  only  be  traversed  by  footmen. 

Dnryea^  diir-ya'  a  post- village  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Soranton.  It  has  4  churches,  a  public  school, 
and  coal-mines.     Pop.  about  3000. 

Dnsee,  a  river  of  Beloochistan.     See  Doostee. 

Dushak,  a  town  of  Seistan.     See  Jelalabad. 

Dushet,  doo^shdt',  a  town  of  Georgia,  in  Russia,  28 
miles  N.  of  Tiflis.     Pop.  2525. 

Du^shore',  a  post-borough  of  Sullivan  co..  Pa.,  21 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Towanda,  and  about  36  miles  N.W.  of 
AVilkesbarre.  It  contains  4  churches,  5  hotels,  a  griided 
school,  a  large  Hour-mill,  a  tannery,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop. 
in  1890,  783. 

Uusk'y  Bay,  a  large  inlet  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Middle 
Island,  New  Zealand,  lat.  45°  40'  S.,  Ion.  166°  20'  E.,  hav- 
ing in  it  Resolution  and  other  islands. 

Duspulla,  or  Daspalla,  diis-piil'la,  a  native  state  of 
Orissa,  India,  governed  by  a  rajah.  Area,  568  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  N.  by  the  Mahanuddy.  Pop.  34,805.  Capital, 
Duspulla,  a  small  town. 

Dus^saun',  a  river  of  India,  has  its  sources  in  the  Vin- 
dhya  Mountains,  flows  N.,  and  joins  the  Betwah  in  lat.  25° 
45'  N.,  Ion.  79°  30'  E.     Entire  course,  about  180  miles. 

,  Dnsseldorf,  dtis's^l-dorf  ^  (Qer.  Duaseldorf,  diis's^l- 
doRf  * ;  L.  Busseldor'Jiiim),  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
capital  of  a  government  of  its  own  name,  is  beautifully 
situated,  among  villas  and  gardens,  on  the  right  bank  of 
the  Rhine,  at  the  influx  of  the  DUssel  (whence  its  name), 
21  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cologne,  and  16  miles  W.  of  Elber- 
|feld,  at  the  junction  of  many  railways.  It  is  generally  well 
;built.  Near  the  river  and  quays  the  streets  are  full  of 
factories  and  warehouses,  but  beyond  these  are  many  hand- 
some streets  and  planted  squares.  Its  fortifioations  were 
destroyed  by  the  French,  and  their  place  is  now  occupied 
by  public  walks.  Principal  edifices,  the  castle  of  the  former 
Electors,  several  fine  churches,  a  town  hall,  large  barracks, 
a  synagogue,  and  a  mint.  Its  institutions  include  several 
hospitals,  an  academy  of  sciences,  originally  seated  at  Duis- 
burg,  a  famous  school  of  painting,  founded  in  1777  and 
entitled  the  "  Academy  of  Art,"  many  excellent  educational 
establishments,  an  observatory,  museums  and  art  collec- 
'-'ons,  and  a  home  for  friendless  children.    It  has  manufao- 


tures  of  cottons,  carriages,  pianos,  castings,  sugar,  wine, 
beer,  spirits,  woollen  stufl's,  carpets,  hosiery,  and  chemical 
products,  and  has  a  heavy  trade  by  mil  and  river.  The 
oommerce  of  the  town  has  nearly  doubled  within  the  la.<<t  ten 
years.  It  was  raised  from  the  rank  of  a  village  to  that  of 
a  municipal  town  in  1288.  It  afterwards  becnine  the  ciipitnl 
of  the  duchy  of  Berg.    Pop.  in  1881,95,498;  in  IH'.U),  U  1,6S2. 

Dusseldort',  a  government  of  ItiuMiiHh  Prussia,  bounded 
N.  and  W.  by  the  Netherlands.  The  surface  wholly  belongs 
to  the  basin  of  the  Rhino,  which  divides  it  into  two  nearly 
equal  parts.  Area,  2096  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1885, 
1,753,824. 

Dus'sera,  a  fortified  town  of  India,  province  of  Guzerat. 
Lat.  23°  16'  N.;  Ion.  71°  51'  E.     Pop.  6000. 

DusslingUD)  ddSs'ling-^n,  a  town  of  WUrtemberg,  6 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Tiibingen.     Pop.  2105. 

Dustce,  or  Dust,  Beloochistan.     See  Doostee. 

Diis'tin,  a  post-village  of  Ilult  co..  Neb.,  33  miles 
(direct)  N.W.  of  O'Neill.     It  has  a  church. 

Dutch,  and  Dutchman.    Sue  Nethrri.ands. 

Dutch  Creek,  Arkansas,  rises  in  Scott  co.,  runs  E.N.E., 
and  enters  the  Petit  Jean  River  at  Danville,  in  Yell  co. 

Dutch  Creek,  a  village  of  Washington  co.,  lowii,  in 
Dutch  Creek  township,  about  38  miles  N.E.  of  Ottmnw.i. 

Dutch  Uast  Indies,  a  name  sometimes  given  to  the 
Dutch  possessions  in  the  Malay  Archipelago.  See  Nether- 
lands I.NniES. 

Dutch'ess,  a  southeastern  county  of  New  York,  bor- 
dering on  Connecticut,  has  an  area  of  about  800  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Hudson  River,  and 
is  drained  by  Fishkill  River  and  Wappinger's  Creek.  The 
surface  is  partly  a  hilly  upland,  with  some  deep  ravines,  and 
the  Taghanic  Mountains  extend  along  its  eastern  border. 
The  soil  is  generally  fertile  and  adapted  to  grazing.  Huy, 
oats,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  butter,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  supplies  large  quantities  of  luilk  to 
the  market  of  New  York.  It  is  intersected  by  4  railroads, 
— the  New  York  Central  A  Hudson  River,  the  West  Shore, 
the  New  York  &  Massachusetts,  and  the  Central  New  Eng- 
land <fc  Western,  all  of  which  pass  through  Poughkeepsie, 
the  capital  of  the  county.  Silurian  slate  crops  out  in  this 
county,  which  has  some  metamorphic  limestone  or  marble. 
Among  the  forest  trees  are  the  oak,  chestnut,  hickory,  elm, 
and  beech.  Pop.  in  1870,  74,041 ;  in  1875,  76,056;  in  1880, 
79.IS4;  in  1890,  77,879. 

Dutchess  Junction,  a  post-office  and  station  of 
Dutchess  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River  Railroad,  at  the 
S.W.  terminus  of  the  Newburg,  Dutchess  &  Connecticut 
Railroad,  57  miles  N.  of  New  York.  It  is  on  the  Hudson 
River,  opposite  Newburg,  and  has  manufactures  of  bricks 
Pop.  about  200. 

Dutcli  Flat,  a  post-village  of  Placer  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  67  miles  N.E.  of  Sacramento,  and 
12  miles  E.  of  Nevada.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and  a 
lumber-mill.  Gold  is  mined  here  by  water  brought  in  canals 
and  aqueducts.     Pop.  682. 

Dutch  Fork,  township,  Lexington  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1352. 

Dutch  Gap  Canal,  in  Henrico  co.,  Va.,  a  cut  acrosj 
the  isthmus  which  formerly  connected  Farrar's  Island,  in 
the  James  River,  with  the  mainland.  It  is  5  miles  below 
Richmond,  and  saves  about  7  miles  of  navigation  in  the 
passage  from  Richmond  to  City  Point.  It  was  constructed 
in  1864  by  the  United  States  troops,  for  military  purposes, 
but  was  not  rendered  serviceable  until  after  the  war. 

Dutch  Guiana,  ghe-i'ni,  a  Dutch  colony,  forming 
the  central  section  of  that  extensive  tract  called  Guiana, 
lying  in  the  N.E.  of  South  America,  having  British  Guiana 
W.,  French  Guiana  E.,  and  separated  from  Brazil  on  the 
S.  by  the  Acarai  range,  lying  between  lat.  1°  30'  and  6°  N., 
Ion.  53°  30'  and  57°  30'  W.  Its  length,  from  N.  to  S.,  is  300 
miles,  and  its  extreme  breadth,  280  miles ;  area,  about  40,000 
English  square  miles.  Its  physical  character,  climate,  and 
productions  are  very  nearly  the  same  as  those  of  British 
Guiana.  A  range  of  mangrove-covered  swamps,  mud- 
banks,  and  sand-hills  extends  along  the  coast,  immediately 
behind  which  woody  screen,  and  along  the  banks  of  the  Su- 
rinam, lie  the  plantations.  The  coast  is  sinking,  the  town 
of  Nikarie,  built  at  the  beginning  of  the  present  century, 
having  already  partially  disappeared  under  the  sea.  Nine- 
tenths  of  the  interior  are  unsettled,  consisting  of  moist 
plains  and  dense  forests  intersected  by  brimming  rivers. 
The  hilly  districts  in  the  interior  and  S.,  held  by  the  Maroons, 
or  descendants  of  runaway  slaves,  are  wholly  uncultivated. 
The  rivers,  of  which  the  Surinam  is  the  principal,  all  fall 
into  the  Atlantic.  The  capital,  Paramaribo,  pop.  22,000, 
stands  10  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  Surinam,  up  to  which, 
and  a  few  miles  above  it,  the  river  is  navigable.    The  lawb 


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language,  coinage,  weights,  and  measures  are  all  Dutch. 
It  is  divided  into  9  districts,  and  governed  by  a  governor- 
general  and  a  general  council  of  native  freeholders.  All  re- 
ligions are  tolerated,  and  the  Moravians  have  31  missionaries 
and  upwards  of  23,000  enrolled  members.  The  populntion 
in  1875  was  69,329,  of  whom  about  1000  were  native  Indians 
and  17,000  Maroons.  Of  the  remainder,  725  were  Euro- 
peans, about  1000  Chinese  coolies,  a  small  number  Jews,  and 
the  rest  negroes,  pure  or  mixed.  The  annual  imports  are 
worth  over  §1,600,000,  and  the  exports — sugar,  molasses, 
rum,  coffee,  and  cotton— about  $1,200,000. 

Dutch  Hill,  a  gold-mining  camp  of  Plumas  oo.,  Cal., 
about  70  miles  from  Chico. 

Dutch  Hill,  a  post-office  of  St.  Clair  co.,  111. 

Dutch  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co..  Pa. 

Dutch  Island,  in  Narragansett  Bay,  ll.I.  On  ita  S. 
end  is  a  fixed  light,  lat.  41°  29'  N.,  Ion.  71°  24'  W. 

Dutch  Kills,  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  is  a  part  of  Long  Island 
City,  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  2  miles  E.  of  New  York 
City,  and  li  miles  N.E.  of  Hunter's  Point.  It  has  3 
churches. 

Dutch'man  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Va. 

Dutch'man's  Creek,  of  Davie  co.,  N.C.,  flows  S.E. 
into  the  Yadkin  River. 

Dutchman's  Creek,  of  Lincoln  co.,  N.C.,  flows  into 
the  Catawba  from  the  N.W. 

Dutchman's  Creek,  of  Fairfield  co.,  S.C.,  flows  into 
Wateree  River  from  the  right. 

Dutch  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co..  Ark., 
38  miles  N.  of  Van  Buren. 

Dutch  Neck,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  N.J.,  10 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Trenton,  and2i  miles  from  Princeton  Junc- 
tion.    It  has  a  church. 

Dutch  Settlement,  a  hamlet  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y., 
7  miles  from  Prospect.     It  has  a  church. 

Dutch'tOAvn,  a  post-office  of  Ascension  parish.  La. 

Dutchtown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cape  Girardeau  co..  Mo., 
6  miles  E.  of  AUenville.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Dutch'ville,  a  post-township  of  Granville  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  1752.     Tobacco  of  superior  quality  is  produced  here. 

Duthmela,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  the  Dommel. 

Du  Toit's  Pan,  a  locality  in  Griqualand  West,  Cape 
Colony,  South  Africa,  100  miles  W.N.W.  of  Blocmfontein. 
Many  diamonds  have  been  obtained  here. 

Dutteah,  atown and  rajahship  of  India.    See  Ditteah. 

Dut'ton,  a  post-village  of  Nassau  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
Transit  Railroad,  36  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Fernandina.  It  has 
a  church  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  naval  stores. 

Dutton,  a  village  of  Ontario.    See  Brussels. 

Dut'tonvilie,  a  village  of  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  in  Caven- 
dish township,  on  Black  River,  and  on  the  Central  Vermont 
Railroad,  at  Cavendish  Station,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Rutland. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  steam  lumber-mill. 
The  nearest  post-office  is  at  Cavendish. 

Duttweiler,  a  hamlet  of  Prussia.    See  Dudweiler. 

Dutzoiv,  doot'zow,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Mo., 
near  the  Missouri  River,  and  about  48  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Duval,  du-v6r,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Florida, 
has  an  area  of  900  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  is  intersected  by  the  St.  John's 
River,  which  is  here  wide  and  navigable.  The  surface  is 
nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The 
soil  is  partly  sandy,  and  produces  maize,  sweet  potatoes, 
Bugar-cane,  &e.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Florida  Central  & 
Peninsular,  Jacksonville  &  Atlantic,  Jacksonville,  Tampa 
&  Key  West,  and  Savannah,  Florida  &  Western  Railroads. 
Capital,  Jacksonville.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,921;  in  1880, 
19,431;  in  1890,  26,800. 

Duval,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area  of 
1750  square  miles.  It  is  dr.ained  by  Concepcion  Creek  and 
several  small  affluents  of  Rio  Nueces,  which  touches  the 
N.W.  part  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level.  The  soil  is  mostly  uncultivated,  but  it  pro- 
duces pasture  for  sheep.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Mexican 
National  Railroad,  which  communicates  with  San  Diego,  the 
capital.    Pop.  in  1870,  1083;  in  1880,  5732;  in  1890,  7598. 

Duval,  a  post-haralet  of  Travis  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Inter- 
national &  Great  Northern  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Austin. 
It  has  a  church. 

Duvall's  Bluff.    See  Devall's  Bluff. 

Duval's  Landing,  Mississippi.    See  Inoomab. 

Duvania,  the  Latin  name  of  Douvaine. 

Dux,  or  Duchs,  do6x,  or  Duxow,  d65.x'ov,  a  town 
of  Bohemia,  at  a  railway  junction,  18  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Leitmeritz.  Its  castle  has  a  library  of  13,000  volumes,  a 
picture-gallery,  and  a  natural  history  cabinet.     Pop.  3301. 


Dux'bury,  a  post-village  of  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  ia 
Duxbury  township,  on  a  bay  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on 
the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  38  miles  S.S.E.  of  Boston,  and  9 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Plymouth,  It  has  4  churches,  and  is 
partly  supported  by  fisheries.  It  contains  the  Partridge 
Academy.  The  township  contains  West  Duxbury  hamlet, 
and  has  a  pop.  of  1908.  Here  the  ocean  telegraph  from 
Brest,  in  France,  terminates. 

Duxbury,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Vt.  Pop. 
893.  It  contains  Camel's  Hump  Mountain  (which  see), 
and  has  a  church.    See  North  Duxbury. 

Duxow,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Dux. 

Duy's  (du'eez)  lianc,  a  station  within  the  limits  of 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  on  the  Germantown  Railroad,  5i  miles 
N.  from  the  initial  station  in  Philadelphia. 

Dnytz,  a,  town  of  Prussia.    See  Deutz. 

Dvina,  two  rivers  of  Russia.    See  DUna  and  Dwina. 

Dwaar's  (dworz)  Kill,  a  post-office  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y* 

Dwalder,  dwJ.l'd?r,  an  island  in  the  Sea  of  Java,  near 
the  S.  entrance  to  Macassar  Strait.  Lat.  4°  12'  S. ;  Ion. 
116°  21'  E. 

Dwam'ish,  a  post-office  of  King  co.,  Washington. 

Dwamish  River,  of  AVashington,  is  formed  by  the 
Green  and  White  Rivers,  which  unite  about  20  miles  N.E. 
of  Steilacoom.  It  runs  northwestward,  and  enters  Puget 
Sound  at  or  near  Seattle. 

Dwaraca,  DAvaraka,  dwi'rl-ki,  or  DAvar'ka, 
called  also  Jigat,  je-git',  a  maritime  town  of  India,  at  the 
western  extremity  of  the  Kattywar  peninsula.  Lat.  22°  14' 
N. ;  Ion.  68°  58'  E.  Here  is  a  temple  of  Krishna,  with  a 
pyramid  140  feet  in  height  and  resorted  to  annually  by 
15,000  pilgrims.  The  town,  enclosed  by  walls,  has  an  im^ 
portant  trade  in  chalk,  which,  having  a  high  sanctity,  ia 
used  by  the  Brahmans  for  marking  their  foreheads. 

Dwars,  a  region  of  India.    See  Eastern  Dwars. 

Dwight,  dwit,  a  post-village  of  Livingston  co..  Ill,,  74 
miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Chicago,  52  miles  N.E.  of  Bloom- 
ington,  and  22  miles  E.  of  Streator.  It  has  2  banks,  6 
churches,  5  large  warehouses,  2  good  hotels,  and  2  newspa- 
per offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  1354;  of  the  township,  2174. 

Dwight,  a  post-village  of  Morris  co.,  Kansas,  9  miles 
by  rail  E.N.E.  of  White  City.    It  has  3  churches.    Pop.  100. 

Dwight,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co.,  Neb. 

Dwight,  a  post-town  of  Richmond  co.,  N.D.,  6  miles 
by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Wahpeton.  It  has  2  churches  and  an 
academy.     Pop.  714. 

Dwina,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  DOna. 

Dwina,  dwI'nS.  or  dwee'ni,  Dvina  (Russ.  pron. 
dvee'ni),  or  Northern  Dwina,  an  important  river  of 
Russia,  governments  of  Vologda  and  Archangel,  is  formed 
by  the  confluence  of  the  Sookhona  (Sukhona)  and  Yoog, 
flows  N.W.,  and  enters  a  gulf  of  the  White  Sea  by  several 
mouths,  20  miles  below  Archangel.  Total  course  below  the 
confluence,  400  miles.  Chief  affluents,  the  Pinega,  Vaga, 
and  Emtza.  It  is  connected  through  the  Sookhona  with 
the  Neva  by  the  Loobinskee  (Lubinski)  Canal,  and  through 
the  Vichegda  with  the  Kama  and  Volga  by  the  Severnoi 
Canal.  Opposite  Archangel  it  is  4  miles  in  breadth ;  and 
it  is  the  principal  channel  for  trade  between  Central  Russia 
and  the  White  Sea.     Drainage-area,  140,000  square  miles.  • 

Dwingeloo,dwing*H?-lo',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Drenthe,  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Assen.     Pop.  1756. 

Dworec,  a  town  of  Moravia.    See  Hop. 

Dyardanes,  an  ancient  name  of  Brahmapootra. 

Dy'as  Creek,  a  station  in  Baldwin  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Mobile  &  Montgomery  Railroad,  31  miles  N.E.  of  Mobile. 

Dy'berry,  a  post-township  of  Wayne  co..  Pa.,  is  inter- 
sected by  Dyberry  Creek.  It  contains  the  village  of  Beth- 
any, and  a  hamlet  named  Dyberry,  which  is  5  miles  N.  of 
Ilonesdale.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  saw-mill.     Pop.  1196. 

Dyberry  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  runs  nearly  south- 
ward, in  Wayne  co.,  and  enters  Lackawaxen  Creek  at  or 
near  Honesdale. 

Dyche's  (di'chez)  Store,  post-office,  Loudon  co.,  Tenn. 

Dyckesville  (diks'vil),  a  post-hamlet  of  Kewaunee  co., 
Wis.,  on  Green  Bay,  20  miles  N.E.  of  the  city  of  Green  Bay. 

Dy'cusburg,  a  post-village  of  Crittenden  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Cumberland  River,  about  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Paducah. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Much  prod- 
uce is  shipped  here. 

Dy'er,  a  county  of  West  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of  about 
495  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W,  by  the  Mis- 
sissippi River,  is  intersected  by  the  Obion  River,  and  also 
drained  by  the  Forked  Deer  River,  the  North  and  South 
Forks  of  which  unite  near  Dyersburg.  The  surface  is  level, 
and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  good  timber,  in- 
cluding white  oak,  walnut,  and  poplar  or  tulip-tree;  the 


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■oil  ifl  ftrtils.  Indian  oorn,  cotton,  pork,  lumbor,  and 
tobaooo  are  th«  lUplv  produeta.  Tba  county  ii  intoraootod 
by  the  Newport  Newi  A  MlMiuippi  Valley  HailroaU,  which 
oommunioatea  with  Dyertburg,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
13j706;  in  1880,  15,118;  in  1800,  1M78. 

JDyer*  a  post-village  of  Crawford  oo..  Ark.,  3  miles  by 
rail  B.  of  Van  Uuren.     It  has  3  oburohea.     Pop.  SOU. 

Dyer*  a  po«t-bamlet  of  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  31  uiloa  by  rail 
W.  of  Joliot,  III.  It  bos  2  oburohea,  publio  aoboola,  and 
nanufaoturea  of  wooden  ahooa.     Pop.  about  460. 

Dyer,  a  poat-village  of  Uibaon  oo.,  Tenn.,  on  the  S, 
branch  of  Obion  Kiver,  and  on  the  Mobile  A  Ohio  Railroad, 
35  milea  N.N.W.  of  Jackaon,  and  7  niilea  N.  of  Trenton. 
It  haa  2  cburobea,  a  ateam  anw-uiill,  a  plough-factory,  and 
3  flouring -milla.     Pop.  in  1890,  A06. 

Dyer  Ilrook,  a  poat-offioe  of  Aroostook  oo.,  Mo. 

Dyer's  Uay  extends  into  Steuben  township,  in  Han- 
cock CO.,  Me.     Depth,  4  or  5  fathoms. 

Dy'ersburg,  a  post-village,  onpitnl  of  Dyer  oo.,  Tenn., 
on  the  North  Fork  of  the  Forked  Deer  Kiver,  76  miles  by 
rail  N.N.E.  of  Memphis,  and  4d  miles  W.N.W.  of  Jackson. 
It  has  3  churches,  2  newspaper  oflioes,  3  banks,  an  academy, 
a  high  school,  machine-shops,  cottun-compress,  spoke-  and 
atave-factories,  saw-  and  planing-inills.    Pop.  in  1 890,  2009. 

Dyersburg  Landing,  Lauderdale  cu.,  Tenn.,  is  a 
Bhi|>ping-point  on  the  Mississippi  River,  near  the  mouth  of 
the  Obion  River. 

Dyer's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Henry  oo.,  Va. 

Dy'crsville,  a  post-village  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa,  in 
New  Vienna  township,  on  Beaver  Creek,  and  on  the  Du- 
buque <t  Sioux  City  Railroad,  29  miles  W.  of  Dubuque. 
It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  iiour-mill,  a  newspaper  office, 
ft  graded  school,  and  a  money-order  post-office.     Pop.  998. 

Dy'erville,  a  hamlet  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  on  the 
Providence  A  Springfield  Railroad,  3J  miles  N.W.  of  Prov- 
idence.    Pop.  120. 

Dyffryn  Clydach,  difrin  klid'ak,  a  village  of  Wales, 
00.  of  Glamorgan,  2  miles  N.W.  of  Neath.     Pop.  1137. 

Dyhernfurth,  dee'hSrn-fodRtS  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Silesia,  IS  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  1543. 

Dykeman's,  dik'manz,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  oo., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Harlem  Railroad,  55  miles  from  New  York. 

Dykes,  diks,  a  post-office  of  Texas  oo..  Mo. 

Dyke's  Creek,  a  station  on  the  Rome  Railroad,  7 
miles  E.  of  Rome,  Ga. 

Dykes  Store,  a  post-office  of  Floyd  oo.,  Ga. 


Dyle,  or  Dyl,  dll,  a  river  of  Belgium,  provinces  of 
South  Brabant  and  Antwerp,  after  a  N.  and  W.  cour.'e  of 
50  miles,  joina  the  Nithe  to  form  the  Rupol,  4  miles  N.W. 
of  Mechlin.     Chief  affluent,  the  Domcr. 

Dy'mond  City,  a  jHJSt-village  of  Martin  co.,  N.C.,  on 
the  Jamosville  &.  Washington  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  .Tames- 
ville.     It  has  a  church,  a  lumber-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  120. 

Dynov,  din'ov,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Galiuia,  17  milea 
N.  of  Sanok,  on  the  San.     Pop.  2539. 

Dyrrhachium,  an  ancient  name  of  Dorazzo. 

Dysart,  dl'zart,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife, 
on  the  N.  coast  of  the  FMrth  of  Forth,  9  miles  by  rail  N.E. 
of  Burntisland.  It  consists  of  several  narrow  thorough- 
fares meeting  in  a  central  open  space;  the  High  street  ia 
lined  with  substantial  antique  houses.  On  its  W.  side  is 
Dysart  House,  the  seat  of  the  Earl  of  Rosslyn.  It  has 
manufactures  of  ticking  and  checks,  llax-spinning,  and  a 
trade  in  coal  and  building-stone.  It  bos  also  ship-yards 
and  a  wet-dock.     Pop.  2476. 

Dy'sart,  a  post-villuge  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa,  16  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Vinton.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  grain-elevator,  a  lumber-mill,  and  manufactures 
of  bricks  and  tiles.     Pop.  in  1890,  775. 

Dy'son's,  a  post-office  of  Ohio,  is  at  Point  Pleasant. 

Dysortville,  or  Dysartsville,  di'89rt-vil,  a  post 
township  of  McDowell  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  767. 

Dyvi,  a  river  of  Wales.     Sec  Dovy. 

Dzaisang,  a  lake  of  Toorkistan.     See  Zaisan. 

Dzanbo,  Dzanvo,  or  Dzangbo.    See  Sa.v-Poo. 

Dzaoudzi,  dzi^ood'zec',  a  French  village,  capital  of 
the  colony  of  Mayotte,  on  the  islet  of  Dzaoudzi,  which  ia 
semrated  from  the  island  of  Mayotte  by  a  narrow  strait. 

Dzialoszice,  dze-i-lo-sheet'si,  written  also  D8Jalo> 
sctiizy,  a  town  of  Poland,  province  and  36  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Kielce,  on  tho  Warta.     Pop.  4167. 

Dzialoszyn,  dzc-&-losh'in  ?  a  town  of  Poland,  provinoo 
and  57  miles  S.S.E.  of  Kalisz,  on  the  Warto.     Pop.  3200. 

Dziangnamring,  dze-ing'n&mVing,  a  town  of  Thibet, 
150  miles  W.  of  Lossa. 

Dzitovo,  dze-to'vo,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  govern- 
ment and  97  miles  S.S.E.  of  Grodno. 

Dziuzilov,  dzyoo-zeo'lov  or  dzyoo-zeo-lov',  a  town  of 
Russia,  in  Podolia,  70  miles  E.  of  Kamicniec.     Pop.  1500. 

Dzoongaria,  or  Dzoungaria.    See  Soongaria. 

DzAvinogrod,  dz^ee'no-grod,  a  town  of  Austria,  in 
Galioia,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Kamienieo.     Pop.  1330. 


E. 


Ea,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Ee. 

£ads,  eedz,  a  post-village  of  Kiowa  co..  Col.,  28  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Sheridan  Lake.  It  has  a  church  organization 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  164. 

Eagan,  or  Egan,  e'g§,n,  a  township  of  Dakota  co., 
Minn.     Pop.  743. 

Eagle,  e'g'l,  a  township  of  La  Salle  co.,  111.    Pop.  2368. 

Eagle,  a  township  of  Monroe  co..  111.,  on  the  Missis- 
sippi River.    Pop.  2108.    It  contains  the  town  of  Columbia. 

Eagle,  a  township  of  Boone  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1982,  in- 
cluding Zionsville. 

Eagle,  a  township  of  Black  Hawk  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  693. 

Eagle,  a  township  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas,  bounded 
S.W.  by  the  Arkansas  River.     Pop.  642. 

Eagle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  Mich.,  in  Eagle 
township,  on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  4  Northern  Railroad,  17 
miles  W.  of  Lansing.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  a 
washing-machine  factory.     Pop.  141. 

Eagle,  a  village  of  Harrison  co..  Mo.,  24  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Leon,  Iowa,  and  about  75  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Joseph.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  money-order  post- 
office.     Pop.  about  450. 

Eagle,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co..  Neb.,  16  miles  by  rail 
E.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  common  schools,  Ac.     Pop.  about  200, 

Eagle,  a  hamlet  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Eagle  town- 
ship, about  40  miles  S.E.  of  Buffalo,  and  on  the  Rochester 
A  State  Line  Railroad,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Gainesville.  Pop. 
about  110;  of  the  township,  1131. 

Eagle,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  0.    Pop.  1220. 


Eagle,  a  township  of  Hancock  co.,  0.,  traversed  by  Ihe 
Lake  Erie  A  Louisville  Railroad.     Pop.  1330. 

Eagle,  a  township  of  Vinton  co.,  0.     Pop.  681. 

Eagle,  a  station  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  15  miles 
W.  of  West  Philadelphia.    See  Spread  Eagle, 

Eagle,  a  post-office  of  AVarren  co.,  Pa. 

Eagle,  township,  Richland  co..  Wis.  Pop.  1185.  It  is 
drained  by  Eagle  River,  and  bounded  S.  by  tho  Wisconsin. 

Eagle,  a  post-village  of  Waukesha  co..  Wis.,  in  Eaglo 
township,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Rail- 
road, 37  miles  W.S.W.  of  Milwaukee.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  high  and  a  parochial  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a 
flouring-mill.     Pop.  about  500;  of  the  township,  1020. 

Eagle,  a  post-village  in  Elgin  co.,  Ontario,  18  miles 
S.E.  of  Newbury.  It  contains  a  saw-  and  planing-mill,  a 
store,  and  2  hotels.     Pop.  150. 

Eagle  Bend,  a  post-office  of  Todd  co.,  Minn. 

Eagle  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Bastrop  co.,  Tex. 

C^agle  Bridge,  a  post-village  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Hoosic  township,  on  the  Hoosic  River,  and  on  the  Dela- 
ware A  Hudson  Canal  Company  and  Fitchburg  Railroads, 
23i  miles  N.E.  of  Troy,  and  6  miles  S.  of  Cambridge. 
It  has  a  church,  a  district  school,  and  flour-  and  feed-,  gri^t-, 
and  saw-mills.     Pop.  about  500;  of  the  township,  10,471. 

Eagle  CliflT,  a  post-village  of  Walker  co.,  Ga.,  10  milea 
by  rail  S.  of  Chattanooga,  Tenn.  It  has  several  stores,  and 
other  business  houses. 

Eagle  Cliff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wahkiakum  oo..  Wash- 
ington, on  the  Columbia  River,  26  miles  below  Kalama. 
Here  are  3  salmon-canneries,  employing  about  500  men. 


EAG 


1075 


EAG 


f^agle  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richland  oo.,  Wis., 
5  miles  from  Muscoda,  and  about  64  miles  W.  by  N.  from 
Madison.     It  has  2  churches. 

£agle  Creek,  of  Arkansas,  runs  southward  in  Bradley 
CO.,  and  enters  the  Saline  River  2  or  3  miles  from  its  mouth. 
It  is  nearly  01)  miles  long. 

£agle  Creek,  of  Indiana,  rises  in  Boone  co.,  and, 
flowing  nearly  S.,  enters  the  White  River  4  miles  below  In- 
dianapolis.    It  aifords  unfailing  water-power. 

Eagle  Creek,  of  Brown  co.,  0.,  runs  southwestward, 
and  enters  the  Ohio  River  about  3  miles  below  Ripley. 

£agle  Creek,  of  Hancock  co.,  0.,  flows  into  Blan- 
ahard's  Fork  at  Findlay. 

Eagle  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Gallatin  co..  111. 

Eagle  Creek,  a  township  of  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  bounded 
S.  by  the  river  Kankakee.     Pop.  737. 

Eagle  Creek,  a  township  of  Scott  co.,  Minn.,  bounded 
N.  by  the  Minnesota  River.  Pop,  743,  exclusive  of  Shako- 
pee  City. 

Eagle  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Clackamas  co.,  Oregon, 
10  miles  B.  of  Oregon  City,  and  12  miles  S.B.  of  Clackamas. 
It  has  2  saw-mills  and  a  grist-mill. 

Eagle  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Overton  co.,  Tenn. 

Eagle  Ford,  a  small  post- village  of  Dallas  co.,  Tex., 
on  tlie  Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad.  6  miles  W.  of  Dallas, 

Eagle  Foun'dry,  a  post-oflSce  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa. 

Eagle  Fur'nace,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Roane  co.,  Tenn. 

Eagle  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Hart  co.,  Ga. 

Eagle  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Wright  co.,  Iowa,  10 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Clarion,  and  19  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of 
Fort  Dodge.  It  has  5  churches,  3  banks,  2  newspaper 
offices,  and  manufactures  of  cigars.     Pop.  1881. 

Eagle  Grove,  a  station  in  Galveston  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Galveston,  Houston  &  Henderson  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W. 
of  Galveston. 

EagleHar'bor,  a  post-village  of  Keweenaw  CO.,  Mich., 
on  Lake  Superior,  26  miles  N.E.  of  Calumet,  and  about  36 
miles  N.E.  of  Houghton.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy, 
and  is  the  shipping-port  for  2  copper-mines.     Pop.  100. 

Eagle  Harbor,  a  post-village  of  Orlenns  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Erie  Canal,  3  miles  W.N.W.  of  Albion.  It  has  2 
churches,  flour-  and  custom-mills,  and  manufactures  of 
barrels,  churns,  washing-machines,  harrows,  <fec.    Pop.  315. 

Eaglehawk,  a  borough  of  Victoria,  Australia,  in  Ben- 
digo  CO.,  105  miles  N.W,  of  Melbourne.  It  has  gold-mines. 
Pop.  6590. 

Eagle  Head,  a  village  in  Queens  co..  Nova  Scotia,  7 
miles  from  Liverpool.     Pop.  150. 

Eagle  Hill,  a  post-ofiice  of  Polk  co.,  Ark, 

Eagle  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Owen  co.,  Ky. 

Eagle  Hill,  a  station  in  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Schuylkill  Valley  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Eagle 
Hill  Branch,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Pottsville.  At  Eagle  Hill 
there  are  productive  mines  of  anthracite  coal.  These  are 
some  2  miles  N.  of  the  junction. 

Eagle  Island,  on  the  coast  of  Ireland.    See  Achill. 

Eagle  Isle,  an  island  of  Hancock  co..  Me.,  in  Penob- 
Bcot  Bay.     Pop.  30, 

Eagle  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  TVill  co.,  111.,  about  35 
miles  S.  of  Chicago. 

Eagle  Lake,  a  plantation  in  Aroostook  co.,  Me.,  15 
miles  S.  of  Fort  Kent.  Pop.  143.  It  contains  one  of  the 
chain  of  Eagle  Lakes, 

Eagle  Lake,  a  post-village  in  Le  Ray  township,  Blue 
Earth  co.,  Minn.,  on  a  lake  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the 
Winona  <fc  St.  Peter  Railroad,  11  mile?  E.  of  Mankato.  It 
has  2  saw-mills,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  church.     Pop.  about  300. 

Eagle  Lake,  a  township  ofOtter  Tail  CO.,  Minn.  P.  385. 

Eagle  Lake,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Colorado 
CO.,  Tex,,  on  Eagle  Lake,  16  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Colum- 
bus. It  has  6  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school, 
ginning-mills,  and  general  business  houses.     Pop.  769. 

Eagle  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Marquette  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  Marquette,  Houghton  &  Ontonagon  Railroad,  8  miles 
W.  of  Marquette.  It  has  manufactures  of  lumber  and 
pig-iron. 

Eagle  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  4 
miles  E.  of  Troy.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  hoe-factory. 

Eagle  Mills,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Iredell 
CO.,  N.C.,  20  miles  N.  by  E,  of  States ville.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  cotton-mill,  2  grist-mills,  and  2  tobacco-factories,    P,  1090. 

Eagle  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Viiiton  co.,  0.,  in  Eagle 
township,  about  15  miles  E.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  a 
flouring-mill. 

Eagle  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Doddridge  co.,  AY.  Va. 

Eagle  Mountain,  of  Ireland,  Ulster,  oo.  of  Down,  is 
one  of  the  highest  of  the  Mourne  Mountains. 


E^le  Pass,  a  poet-village,  capital  of  Maverick  co., 
Tex.,  on  the  Rio  Grande,  in  the  centre  of  a  bituminouii 
coal  region,  169  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  San  Antonio.  It 
has  5  churches,  3  banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  public  high 
school,  and  manufactures  of  ice,  bricks,  saddlery,  &o.  Pop. 
about  3500. 

Eagle  Peak,  a  hamlet  of  Burrillville  township.  Prov- 
idence CO.,  R.I.     Pop.  35. 

Eagle  Point,  a  post-village  of  Ogle  co..  III.,  6  miles 
W.  of  Polo,  and  about  18  miles  N.W,  of  Dixon.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  599. 

Eagle  Point,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Oregon, 
15  miles  (direct)  N.N.B.  of  Jacksonville.  It  has  a  church, 
a  district  school,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  175. 

Eagle  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  3  miles 
N.  of  Kutztown.     It  has  a  coach-factory. 

Eagleport,  ee'g'1-port,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co., 
0.,  on  the  Muskingum  River,  7  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of 
McConnellsville.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  100. 

Eagle  Rapids,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smith  co.,  Kansas, 
on  the  Solomon  River,  55  miles  from  Russell  Railroad 
Station.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Eagle  River,  of  Colorado,  rises  near  Mount  Arkansas, 
runs  northwestward,  and  enters  the  Grand  River.  It  is 
about  60  miles  long. 

Eagle  River,  of  Kentucky,  rises  in  Scott  co.,  and  runs 
northward  to  Gallatin  co.  It  subsequently  flows  nearly 
southwestward,  forms  the  N.AV.  boundary  of  Owen  co.,  and 
enters  the  Kentucky  River  about  10  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Eagle  River,  of  Wisconsin,  runs  southward  in  Buffalo 
CO.,  and  enters  the  Mississippi  River  about  3  miles  above 
Fountain  City, 

Eagle  River,  of  Richland  co..  Wis.,  runs  southward 
into  the  Wisconsin  River.     It  is  about  30  miles  long. 

Eagle  River,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Keweenaw 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Superior,  in  Houghton  township,  about 
30  miles  N.E.  of  Houghton,  and  15  miles  N.E.  of  Calumet. 
It  has  a  manufactory  of  the  safety  blasting-fuse  and  pot- 
ash.    Copper  is  shipped  here.     Pop.  about  150. 

Eagle  River  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  about  7 
miles  N.E.  of  Mount  Arkansas.  It  has  an  altitude  of 
12,618  feet.     Lat.  about  39°  27'  N. 

Eagle  Rock,  Bingham  co.,  Idaho.    See  Idaho  Falls, 

Eagle  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barry  co..  Mo.,  10 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Cassville. 

Eagle  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wake  co.,  N.C.,  14 
miles  E.  of  Raleigh.     It  has  a  seminary  or  high  school. 

Eagle  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  and 
a  station  on  the  Pittsburg,  Titus  ville  &  Buflalo  Railroad,  12 
miles  N,  of  Oil  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Eagles, ee'gl'z, or  Eaglesfield,  eo'gl'z-feeld,  a  station 
in  Clay  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Terre  Haute  &  Indianapolis  Rail- 
road, 22  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Terre  Haute. 

Eagle  Salt-Works,  a  post-office  and  station  of 
Churchill  co.,  Nev.,  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  15 
miles  E.  of  Wadsworth,     Salt  is  manufactured  here, 

Eaglesham,  ee'g'lz-am,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co,  of 
Renfrew,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Paisley.     Pop.  1230. 

Eagleshay,  ee'g'1-shi,  one  of  the  Orkney  Islands,  1 
mile  E.  of  Ronsay.     Length,  2i  miles.     Pop.  163. 

Eagle's  Mere,  meer,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort 
of  Sullivan  co..  Pa.,  about  5  miles  W.  of  Laporte.  It  is 
on  a  beautiful  little  lake,  is  nearly  2000  feet  above  the  tide, 
and  has  3  churches  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  100. 

Eagle's  Nest,  a  rock  of  Ireland,  co,  of  Kerry,  between 
the  Upper  and  Middle  Lakes  of  Killarney,  4  miles  S.AV.  of 
ICillarney.     It  is  a  perpendicular  crag,  1300  feet  in  height. 

Eagle  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Coryell  co.,  Tex.,  1 
mile  from  Leon  River,  and  26  miles  S.W.  of  Waco.  It  haa 
a  church,  3  stores,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Eagle  Station,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Ky.,  is 
on  or  near  Eagle  Creek,  and  on  the  Louisville  <fc  Cincinnati 
Railroad,  59  miles  N.E.  of  Louisville,     It  has  a  church. 

Eagle  Tail,  a  station  in  Wallace  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Wallace. 

Eagle  Tan'nery,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Tenn,, 
45  miles  N,  of  Florence,  Ala.  It  has  a  tannery,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  saw-mill. 

Eagleton,  ee'g'1-ton,  a  station  in  Clinton  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Philadelphia  <fc  Erie  Railroad,  3  miles  N.W,  of  Lock 
Haven.     Coal-beds  exist  in  the  vicinity. 

Eagleton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chippewa  co.,  Wis.,  on 
O'Neill's  Creek,  8  miles  N.  of  Chippewa  Falls.  It  has  a 
church,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  flounng-mill, 

Eagletown,  ee'g'l-tSwn,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton 
CO.,  Ind.,  11  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Noblesville.  It  ha«  2 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  drain-tile  works. 


EAO 


1076 


EAS 


Enfcle  Town,  a  post-offlo*  of  the  CbooUw  Nation,  In- 
dian Territory. 

Kagle  VaI'ley,  Dodge  oo.,  Minn.,  is  a  fertile  valley  in 
Oonoonl  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Zuinbro  Kiver. 

Engle  Vil'lage,  a  haiulet  of  Onondaga  oo.,  N.Y.,  in 
Manlius  totrnnhip,  2  uiiloa  from  Manliiis  Station. 

Eagle  Village*  a  port-village  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y., 
23  miles  by  rnil  S.S.W.  of  Warsaw.  It  has  a  church, 
a  union  school,  a  oheese-faotory,  woshing-iuaobine  and 
brooin-hiin.lle  factories,  and  grist-,  saw-,  and  cider-oiills. 

EnRleville,  cc'g'l-vll,  a  post-village  of  Modoc  co.,  Cal., 
li\>  utiles  from  Keno,  Nev.     It  has  a  church. 

Eagleville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tolland  oo.,  Conn.,  6  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Willimantic.     It  has  a  cotton  factory. 

Eaglcville*  a  hamlet  of  Worcester  co.,  Miu!s.,  contigu- 
ous to  Jefforoonville.    It  has  a  cotton-mill  and  woollen-mills. 

Eagleviilef  a  post-village  of  Harrison  co..  Mo.,  13 
miles  N.  of  IJethany.  It  has  several  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  an  academy.     Pop.  in  1890,  305. 

Eagleville;  a  post-hamlet  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0.,  11 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Ashtabula.  It  has  a  church,  a  cheese- 
factory,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  100. 

J^^iiglcvilie,  a  borough  of  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  on  Marsh 
Creek,  1 1  miles  S.W.  of  Lock  Haven,  4  mile  from  the  Bald 
Eagle  Valley  llailroad,  and  1  mile  W.  of  Beech  Creek.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  foundry,  and  2  cigar- 
factories.     Post-of&ce,  Blanchard.     Pop.  in  1S80,  563. 

Eagleville*  a  post-hamlot  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  3 
miles  from  Collogeville,  and  4  or  5  miles  N.W.  of  Norris- 
toivn.     It  has  2  churches. 

Eagleville*  a  post-hamlet  of  Rutherford  co.,  Tonn., 
about  27  miles  S.  of  Nashville.     It  has  a  church. 

Eagleville*  Wisconsin.    See  Eagle. 

Englewood)  a  township  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  containing 
Long  Beach  Island,  Beach  Haven,  and  West  Creek. 

Eahcinomauwe,  o-&-hi-no-muw'wee,  the  native  name 
of  the  most  northern  of  the  two  great  islands  of  New  Zea- 
land (which  see). 

Eakin,  a'kin,  a  hamlet  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Youghiogheny  River,  about  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Eakle's  (ee'klz)  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington 
CO.,  Md.,  and  a  station  on  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Railroad, 
13  miles  S.  of  Ilagerstown.  It  has  a  church,  a  public 
school,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  150. 

Ealan>na>Coomb,  d'lan-na-koom,  an  islet  of  Soot- 
lan<I,  off  the  coast  of  Sutherland. 

Ealing,  ee'ling,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Middlesex, 
on  tlio  Great  Western  Railway,  9  miles  W.  of  St.  Paul's 
Cathedral,  London.     Pop.  9959. 

Eance,  i'fixo^sd',  a  village  of  France,  in  the  department 
of  lUc-et-Vilaine.     Pop.  1138. 

Eaues'  (eenz)  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Bruns- 
wick CO.,  Va. 

Eap,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Epe. 

Earl,  ^rl,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crittenden  co.,  Ark.,  about 
28  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Memphis,  Tenn.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  lumber  and  several  general  stores. 

Earl,  a  post-office  of  Callaway  co..  Mo. 

Earl,  a  post-village  of  Frontier  co..  Neb.,  12  miles  E. 
by  N.  of  Stockville.     It  has  2  stores. 

Earl,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yates  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Benton  town- 
ship, on  Seneca  Lake,  and  on  the  Syracuse,  Geneva  &  Corn- 
ing Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Geneva.    Grain  is  shipped  here. 

Earl,  a  township  of  Berks  co..  Pa.  Pop.  2308.  It 
contains  the  hamlet  of  Earlville. 

Earl,  a  township  of  Lancaster  oo.,  Pa.  Pop.  3678,  in- 
cluding New  Holland  and  other  villages. 

Earl,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  Washington,  23  miles 
N.W.  of  Sprague,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Earle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vanderburg  co.,  Ind.,  in  Scott 
township,  9  or  10  miles  N.E.  of  Evansvilie. 

Earle's,  ^rlz,  a  post-office  of  Muhlenburg  co.,  Ky.,  9 
miles  (direct)  N.W.  of  Greenville. 

Earleton,  ^rl'ton,  a  post-office  of  Neosho  co.,  Kansas, 
on  the  Leavenworth,  Lawrence  &  Galveston  Railroad,  16 
miles  S.  of  Humboldt. 

Earleville,  ^rl'vil,  a  post-office  of  Cecil  co.,  Md. 

Earleville,  Berks  co..  Pa.    See  Eahlville. 

Earley,  ^r'lee,  a  station  in  Vermilion  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Evansvilie,  Terre  Haute  &  Chicago  Railroad,  22  miles  N. 
of  Terre  Haute. 

Earley,  a  post-village  of  Elk  co..  Pa.,  in  Fox  township, 
on  the  Daguscahonda  Railroad.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Earleysville,  ^r'liz-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albemarle 
CO.,  Va.,  12  miles  N.  of  Charlottesville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Earlbam,  ^rl'ham,  a  post- village  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  it  Pacific  Railroad,  30  miles 


W.  by  S.  from  Des  Moines.     It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  302. 

Eariing,  ^rl'ing,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  oo.,  Iowa,  4S 
miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Council  Bluffs.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  blink,  and  a  public  school.     Pop.  350. 

Earliiigton,  ^rl'ing-tpn,  a  ]>ost-village  of  Ho])kins  co., 
Ky.,  4  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Madisonville.  It  has  7  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  railroad  repair-shops,  and  manufacture* 
of  coke  and  wine.     Here  are  coal-mines.     Pop.  1748. 

Earl  (^rl)  Park,  a  post-village  of  Benton  co.,  Ind.,  85 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Lafayette.  It  has  a  bank,  2  churches, 
a  tile-factory,  and  a  park  of  40  acres. 

Earlsferry,  ^rlz  ffir-ree,  a  decayed  burgh  of  Scotland, 
CO.  of  Fife,  on  the  Firth  of  Forth,  1  mile  W.  of  Elie. 

Earl'ston,  or  Ercildouiie,  fr'sll-doon  (formerly 
Ercildouii),  a  parish  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Berwick,  6^  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Lauder.  It  has  an  academy,  library,  and  savings- 
bank,  and  was  the  birthplace  of  Thomas  the  Rhymer. 

Earlville,  ^rl'vll,  a  post-village  of  La  Salle  co.,  III.,  at 
the  junction  of  several  railroads,  32  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of 
Princeton.  It  has  7  churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices, 
and  manufactures  of  wagons  and  carriages.     Pop.  1058. 

Earlville,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  oo.,  Iowa,  37  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Dubuque.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  carriage-shop,  ic.     Pop.  669. 

Earlville,  a  post-village  of  Madison  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Chenango  River,  15  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Norwich.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  cheese-factory, 
wagon-works,  a  furniture- factory,  Ac.     Pop.  536. 

Earlville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Portage  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Cleveland  A  Pittsburg  Railroad,  32  miles  S.E.  of  Cleveland. 

Earlville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  about  44 
miles  N.W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Early,  ^r'lee,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Georgia, 
bordering  on  Alabama,  has  an  area  of  about  429  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Chaltahuochee 
River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Colamoka  and  Spring  Creeks. 
The  surface  is  level,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests  of 
yellow  pine,  oak,  and  other  trees  ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton, 
Indian  corn,  and  sweet  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  It 
is  traversed  by  the  Alabama  Midland  Railroad  and  the 
Southwestern  Railroad,  the  latter  passing  through  Blakcly, 
the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  6998,-  in  1880, 
7611;  in  1890,  9792. 

Early,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sao  co.,  Iowa,  in  Boyer  Valley 
township,  12  miles  from  Odebolt  Railroad  Station. 

Early  Branch,  a  post- village  of  Hampton  co.,  S.C,  on 
the  Port  Royal  Railroad,  27  miles  N.N.W.  of  Beaufort.  It 
has  a  church,  an  academy,  and  2  largo  saw-mills.  Pine 
timber  abounds  here.     Pop.  about  250. 

Early  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co..  Miss.,  7 
miles  S.  of  Moscow,  Tenn.     It  has  2  churches. 

Earn,  a  river  of  Scotland,  issuing  from  Loch  Earn, 
flows  E.  through  the  rich  valley  of  Strathearn,  and  joins 
the  Tay,  after  a  course  of  30  miles,  near  Abernethy.  On  it 
is  Bridge  of  Earn,  a  watering-place,  3  miles  E. S.E.  of  Perth. 

Earps'borough,  a  post-office  of  Johnston  co.,  N.C. 

Easdale,  or  Eisdale,  ecz'd&I,  a  small  island  of  tbo 
Hebrides,  in  Argyllshire,  noted  for  its  slate-quarries,  which 
have  been  wrought  since  1631. 

Eas'ingwold,  a  town  and  parish  of  England,  co.  of 
York,  North  Riding,  12i  miles  N.N.W.  of  York.  Pop.  2153. 
It  has  an  endowed  school,  a  workhouse,  and  3  branch  banks. 

Easkey,  ais'kee,  a  village  of  Ireland,  in  Connaught,  co. 
of  Roscommon,  19  J  miles  S.S.W.  of  Sligo. 

Easley,  eez'lee,  a  post-village  of  Pickens  co.,  S.C,  12 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Greenville.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
b.ank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  a  cotton-seed  oil- 
mill,  and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  421. 

Easonville,  ee's^n-vil,  a  post-village  of  St.  Clair  co., 
Ala.,  22  miles  (direct)  S.  by  W.  of  Ashville.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  lumber-  and  shingle-factory. 

East  Abington,  Massachusetts,  now  Rockland. 

East'a  Bo'ga,  or  East'abog,  a  post-village  of  Tal- 
ladega CO.,  Ala.,  12  miles  N.  of  Talladega.  It  has  a  church, 
an  academy,  a  tannery,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  150. 

East  Ac'worth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.II., 
in  Aoworth,  about  40  miles  W.  of  Concord.  It  has  a  saw- 
mill and  a  manufactory  of  handles  for  forks,  hoes,  Ac. 

East  Alabam'a,  or  Wheat'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Gen- 
esee CO.,  N.Y.,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Batavia. 

East  Albany,  New  York.    See  Gkeenbush. 

East  Albany,  awl'ba-ne,  a  post-office  of  Orleans  co., 
Vt.,  about  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Montpelier. 

East  Alburg,  awl'burg,  a  post-village  of  Grand  Isle 
CO.,  Vt.,  on  Lake  Champlain,  and  on  the  Central  Vermont 
Railroad,  about  40  miles  N.  of  Burlington. 


EAS 


mt 


EAS 


East  Al'len,  a  township  of  Northampton  co.,  Pa.  Pop. 
1180,  exclusive  of  Bath. 

East  Alli'ancc,  a  village  of  Mahoning  co.,  0.,  con- 
tiguous to  Alliance,  Stark  co.  It  is  at  the  junction  of  2 
railro.ads.     Pop.  288. 

Eastaloe,  eest-al'o,  a  post-ofBce  of  Pickens  co.,  S.C. 
Pop.  of  Eastaloe  townshin,  1099. 

East  Alstead,  al'stW,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cheshire  co., 
N.II.,  in  Alstead  township,  about  15  miles  N.  of  Keene.  It 
bas  a  church  and  2  saw-mills. 

East  Alton,  awl'ton,  a  hamlet  of  Belknap  co.,  N.H., 

in  Alton  township,  5  miles  N.  of  Alton  Station.     It  has  a 

church. 

^  j;  East  Amherst,  am'^rst,  a  post-office  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y., 

i|      ^n  the  Canandaigua  &  Niagara  Railroad,  9i  miles  E.  of 

if  i      Tonawanda. 

East  Am'well,  a  township  of  Hunterdon  co.  N.J. 
Pop.  1807.     It  contains  Clover  Hill,  Ringoes,  and  Wertsville. 

East  An'dover,  a  post- village  of  Merrimack  co.,  N.H., 
in  Andover  township,  on  the  Northern  New  Hampshire 
Railroad,  25  miles  N.N.W.  of  Concord.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  manufoctory  of  hosiery. 

East^anol'lee,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Ga. 

East  Ar^cade',  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Arcade  township,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Arcade  Station.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  cheese-factory. 

East  Ar'lington,  a  post-village  of  Bennington  co., 
Vt.,  on  the  Battenkill  River,  13  miles  N.  of  Bennington. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of 
chairs,  brush-handles,  &o.     Pop.  about  500. 

East  ArUhabas'ka,  or  Saint  Norbert,  s&»<>  noR^- 
baiu',  a  post-village  in  Arthabaska  co.,  Quebec,  1 2  miles  S.E. 
of  Stanfold.  It  has  a  trade  in  lumber  and  pot-  and  pearl- 
ashes,  and  contains  saw-,  flour-,  and  carding-mills.    P.  460. 

East  Ash'ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y., 
about  36  miles  S.S.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  2  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  carriages  and  lumber. 

East  Ash'land,  a  hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  11  miles 
from  Grand  Gorge  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

East  Atch'ison,  a  post-village  of  Buchanan  co.,  Mo., 
20  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  St.  Joseph.  It  has  a  church, 
public  schools,  packing-factories,  Ac.     Pop.  about  496. 

East'atoe,  township,  Transylvania  co.,  N.C.     P.  626. 

Eastatoe,  a  post-office  of  Piekens  co.,  S.C,  in  Eastatoe 
township.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1117. 

East  Auburn,  aw'burn,  a  post-village  of  Androscog- 
gin CO.,  Me.,  3  miles  N.  of  the  city  of  Auburn,  of  which  it 
forms  a  part.     It  has  a  church. 

1  East  Aurora,  Illinois.    See  Aurora. 
East  Aurora,  aw-ro'ra,  a  post-village  of  Erie  co., 

N.Y.,  17  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  contains  2  or  3 
churches,  the  Aurora  Academy,  a  woollen-mill,  a  foundry, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  1582. 

East  A'von,  a  post-village  of  Livingston  co.,  N.T.,  9 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Geneseo.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  washing-machines,  pumps,  and  spring-beds. 

East  Aylmer,  Canada.    See  Aylmer. 

East  Bain'bridge,  a  hamlet  of  Chenango  co.,  N.Y., 

2  miles  from  Sidney  Plains. 
East  Bald'wiu,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co..  Me., 

on  Saco  River,  about  30  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Portland. 
It  has  a  church,  a  high  school,  and  2  lumber-mills. 

East  Ban'gor,  a  post-office  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me. 

East  Bangor,  a  post-borough  of  Northampton  co.. 
Pa.,  6  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Portland.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  marble  and  roofing- 
slate.     Pop.  in  1890,  804. 

East  Bar'nard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windsor  co.,  Vt., 
in  Barnard  township,  about  24  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rutland. 

East  Bar'rington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Strafford  co., 
N.H.,  in  Barrington  township,  on  the  Worcester  <fe  Nashua 
Railroad,  at  Barrington  Station,  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rochester. 
It  has  a  church,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  basket-factory. 

East  Batavia,  Illinois.    See  Batavia. 

East  Baton  Rouge,  bat'on  roozh,  a  parish  in  the 
S.E.  part  of  Louisiana,  has  an  area  of  about  440  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Amite  River,  and  on 
the  AV.  by  the  Mississippi  River.  The  surface  is  partly 
level  and  partly  undulating,  and  is  mostly  covered  with 
forests,  in  which  the  cypress,  live-oak,  pine,  walnut,  and 
magnolia  aboi:nd.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  sugar-cane, 
and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Baton 
Rouge.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Louisville,  New  Orleans  & 
Texas  Railroad.  Pop.  in  1870,  17,816;  in  1880,  19,966; 
in  1890,  25,922. 

East  Bay,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grand  Traverse  co.,  Mich., 

3  miles  E.  of  Traverse  City. 


r 


East  Bay  (North  Side),  a  post-hamlet  in  Cape  Breton 
CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  N.  side  of  East  Bay,  23  miles  S.W. 
of  Sydney.     Pop.  100. 

East  Bay  (South  Side),  a  post-village  in  Cape  Breton 
CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  S.  side  of  East  Bay,  12  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Sydney.     Pop.  125. 

East  Bear  River,  a  township  of  Yuba  co.,  Cal.    P.  603. 

East  Beaver,  bee'v^r,  a  township  of  Smith  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  628. 

East  Beek'mantown,  a  small  post-hamlet  of  Clinton 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  4  miles  N.  of  Plattsburg. 

East  BeI'mont,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waldo  co..  Me.,  in 
Belmont  township,  4^  miles  S.  of  Belfast.  It  has  a  barrel- 
factory. 

East  Bend,  a  township  of  Champaign  co..  111.     P.  643. 

East  Bend,  a  post-office  of  Ford  co..  111. 

East  Bend,  a  hamlet  of  Boone  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  10  miles  from  Aurora,  Ind.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  plough-factory. 

East  Bend,  a  post-borough  of  Yadkin  co.,  N.C,  12 
miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Yadkinville.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
high  school,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  canned  goods, 
tobacco,  Ac.     Pop.  about  450. 

East  Ben'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kennebec  co..  Me.,  in 
Benton  township,  4  miles  S.S.E.  of  Clinton  Station.  It  has 
a  church  and  2  lumber-mills. 

East  Benton,  a  post-office  of  Lackawanna  co..  Pa. 

East  Berk'ley,  a  post-village  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  in  On- 
telaunee  township,  on  the  Berks  <fe  Lehigh  Railroad,  7  miles 
N.  of  Reading.     It  has  manufactures  of  flour  and  lime. 

East  Berkshire,  b^rk'shjr,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  co., 
N.Y.,  2i  miles  from  Berkshire.     It  has  a  steam  saw-mill. 

East  Berkshire,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Vt., 
on  the  Missisquoi  River,  24  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  St. 
Albans.  It  has  2  churches,  a  district  school,  and  manu- 
factures of  horse-power  churns,  separators,  Ac. 

East  BerMiu,  a  post-village  of  Hartford  co..  Conn., 
about  11  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Hartford.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  manufactory  of  tinners'  tools. 

East  Berlin,  a  post-borough  of  Adams  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Conewago  Creek,  21  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Gettysburg.  It 
has  3  churches,  public  schools,  a  bank,  a  creamery,  sev- 
eral flour-mills,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  brushes, 
hay-forks,  bricks,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  595. 

East  Ber^nard',  a  post-village  of  Wharton  co.,  Tex , 
on  the  Galveston,  Harrisburg  A  San  Antonio  Railroad,  32 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Columbus.     It  has  a  church  and  2  hotels. 

East  Berne,  b^rn,  a  post-village  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y;, 
in  Berne  township,  about  20  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Albany.  It 
has  2  churches,  2  stores,  and  a  grist-mill. 

East  Beth'any,  a  post-hamlet  of  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Bethany  township,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Batavia.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  cheese-factorj-. 

East  Beth'el,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Bethel  township,  on  the  Second  Branch  of  White  River, 
about  30  miles  S.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
grist-mill. 

East  Beth'lehem,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co., 
Pa.,  16  miles  (direct)  E.S.E.  of  Washington.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  grist-mill.  In  the  vicinity  are  e.xtensive 
beds  of  bituminous  coal,  limestone,  salt-wells,  Ac.  Pop. 
about  200;  of  East  Bethlehem  township,  1757. 

East  Billerica,  bil'l^r-ik-a,  a  post-village  of  Middle- 
sex CO.,  Mass.,  in  Billerica  township,  on  the  Boston.  Lowell 
A  Nashua  Railroad,  19  miles  N.N.W.  of  Boston.  It  has  a 
woollen-factory,  a  machine-shop,  Ac. 

East  Bir'mingham,  a  borough  of  Alleghany  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Monongahela  River,  adjoining  Birmingham, 
and  about  3  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg.     Pop.  9488. 

East  Black'stone,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co., 
Mass.,  in  Blackstone  township,  on  the  New  York  A  New 
England  Railroad,  34  miles  S.W.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  church 
and  2  cotton-mills. 

East  Bloom'field,  a  post-village  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y., 
in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  on  the  New  York  Central 
Railroad,  about  22  miles  S.E.  of  Rochester,  and  8  miles  AV. 
of  Canandaigua.  It  contains  4  churches,  an  academy,  and 
a  carriage-factory. 

East  Blue  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co.,  Me., 
in  Blue  Hill  township,  on  the  sea-coast,  18  miles  S.E.  of 
Bucksport.  Here  are  quarries  of  fine  granite.  It  has  a 
good  harbor. 

East  Booth'bay,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co..  Me.,  on 
an  inlet  of  the  sea,  about  15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Wiscasset.  It 
h.as  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  fish  oil.  Ship-building 
is  carried  on  here. 

East  Bos'ton,  Suffolk  oo.,  Mass.,  is  on  Noddle's  Island, 


EAS 


1678 


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in  BottOQ  Harbor.  It  hM  (tationi  on  the  Eaatem  Railroad, 
th«  Uotton,  Kevor*  liMioh  A  Lynn  lUilruud,  and  the  UrnnU 
Junction  Kailroad,  and  i»  eonnoctod  witii  lioston  by  iior»o- 
milrond*  and  forriei.  It  i<  tlia  e«at  of  extensive  uanu- 
ftwtarva.  Kait  Uo«ton  Poit-Offioo  it  a  branch  of  the  lioston 
pott-oSeo. 

£ast  JBostoBt  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  oo.,  N.Y.,  in 
Bullivan  township,  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  about 
17  miles  E.  of  Syracuse.     It  has  a  cheese-factory. 

£attboarBef  eest'bQrn,  a  town  and  watering-place  of 
England,  on  the  coast  of  Sussex,  6^  miles  by  rail  8.  of  llail- 
•bam,  and  66  milva  by  rail  S.W.  of  London.  The  town 
bai  a  theatre,  a  l)all-roora,  a  pier,  a  library,  a  cbulybeato 
spring,  and  nn  excellent  bench  forbiithing.  In  its  vicinity 
is  Beachy  Ilemi.     Top.  in  1881,  22,014;  in  18U1,  34,U77. 

East  Bowdoiuham,  bO'd^n-^m,  a  post-office  of  Sng- 
adahoc  co.,  Me. 

Kast  lioy'er,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Iowa.   P.  686. 

EaHt  llrad'fbrd,  a  post-hamlet  of  Penobscot  eo..  Mo., 
in  Bradford  township,  4  miles  W.  of  South  LaUrunge  Sta- 
tion.    It  has  a  tannery. 

£ast  Uradford,  a  township  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.  P.  104.3. 

£a!it  Ura'dy,  a  post-borough  of  Clarion  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad, 
nearly  opposite  Brady's  Bend,  and  about  40  miles  direct  or 
68  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
savings-bank,  a  graded  school,  a  planing-mill,  a  flour-mill, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  a  manufactory  of  lamp  black.  Cual 
is  mined  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1228. 

£ast  Brain'tree,  a  post-village  of  Norfolk  oo.,  Mass., 
in  Braintroe  township,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  11  miles 
S.S.K.  of  Boston.  It  ha«  a  church,  a  seminary,  and  manu- 
factures of  crash,  twine,  webbing,  and  punches  for  railroad- 
conductors. 

£a8t  Branch,  a  post- village  of  Delaware  co.,  X.Y.,  on 
the  New  York  A  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  72  miles  N.W. 
of  Middletown.  It  has  2  churches,  a  saw-mill,  and  3  stores. 
It  is  on  a  branch  of  the  Delaware  River. 

East  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co..  Pa. 

East  Bran'dywine,  a  township  of  Chester  co,.  Pa., 
traversed  by  the  railroad  from  Downingtown  to  Waynes- 
burg.     Pop.  1011.     It  contains  Guthricvillo. 

East  lirew'ster,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barnstable  co., 
Mass.,  in  Brewster  township,  on  Capo  Cod  Bay,  and  on  the 
Old  Colony  Railroad,  91  miles  S.E.  of  Boston.  It  has  2 
churches. 

East  Bridgeton,  brij't9n,  a  station  in  Cumberland 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Bridgeton  A,  Port  Norris  Railroad,  1  mile 
from  Bridgeton. 

East  Bridge'water,  a  post-village  of  Plymouth  co., 
Mass.,  in  a  township  of  its  own  name,  on  Taunton  River, 
on  the  Abington  &  Bridgcwater  Railroad,  and  near  the  Old 
Colony  Railroad,  24  miles  S.  of  Boston.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  savings-bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  rolling-mill,  a  n:iil- 
factory,  a  brass-foundry,  and  manufactures  of  cotton-gins, 
shoes,  and  bricks.  Pop.  of  the  township  in  ISSO,  2710;  in 
1890,  2911. 

East  Bridgewater,  post-office,  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa. 

East  Bright'ou,  a  post-hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Brighton  township,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  4  miles 
S.E.  of  Island  Pond.     It  has  a  large  lumber-mill. 

East  Brim'lield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hampden  co., 
Mass.,  in  Brimfield  township,  about  24  miles  E.  of  Spring- 
field.    It  has  a  church. 

East  Broad  Top,  a  post-office  of  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa. 

East  Brook,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co.,  Me.  Pop. 
of  East  Brook  township,  246. 

East  Brook,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  CO.,  Pa.,  1  mile 
from  the  Western  New  York  &  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  on 
which  is  East  Brook  Station,  5  miles  N.  of  New  Castle.  It 
bas  2  churches,  a  woollen-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  about  144. 

East  Brook'field,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co., 
Mass.,  in  Brookfield  township,  on  the  Chicopee  River,  and 
on  the  Boston  A  Albany  Railroad,  65  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bos- 
ton, at  the  junction  of  the  North  Brookfield  Railroad.  It 
has  a  church,  a  foundry,  a  tool-factory,  and  manufactures 
of  cotton  goods,  machinery,  flour,  Ac. 

East  Brookfield,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  Vt. 

East  BrookMyn,  a  village  of  AVindham  co..  Conn., 
about  45  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Hartford.  It  is  the  seat  of  tho 
Quinebnug  Cotton-Mills. 

East  Browu'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oxford  co.,  Me., 
in  Brownfield  township,  on  Saco  River,  and  on  the  Portland 
A  Ogdcnsburg  Railroad,  43  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Portland. 

East  Brnns'wick,  a  township  of  Middlesex  co.,  N.J., 
««ontiguous  to  tho  city  of  New  Brunswick,  and  bounded 
■.  by  the  navigable  South  River,  and  N.  by  tho  Raritan. 


Pop.  2861.    It  contains  Washington,  Old  Bridge,  Spots. 
wo(k1,  and  a  part  of  Milltown. 

East  Brunswick,  a  township  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa. 
Pop.  1061.     It  contains  Drchcrsville,  Ringgold,  Ac. 

East  Bucks'port,  a  )ioHt-offico  of  Hancock  co..  Me. 

East  Buffalo,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Erie  co., 
N.Y.,  3  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Bufl'alo,  on  tho  Erie,  (irand 
Trunk,  Delaware,  Lackawanna  A  Western,  New  York  Cen- 
tral A  Hudson  River,  and  other  railroads. 

East  Buffalo,  a  township  of  Union  co,,  Pa.  Pop. 
1011,  exclusive  of  Lcwisburg. 

East  Burke,  a  post-village  of  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  on 
tho  Passumpsio  River,  about  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  St.  Johns- 
bury.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 

East  Bur'liugton,  or  Car'thagc  Junc'tion,  a 
station  in  Henderson  co..  111.,  on  tho  Mississippi  River, 
opposite  Burlington,  Iowa.  Hero  the  Chicago,  Burlington  A 
Quincy  Railroad  connects  with  its  Carthage  A  Quincy  Branch 
and  with  a  branch  of  tho  Toledo,  Peoria  A  Warsaw  Railroad. 
A  railway-bridge  here  crosses  the  Mississippi. 

East  Burlington,  a  post-office  of  Kane  co..  111. 

East  Cab'ot,  a  post-hamlct  of  AVashington  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Cabot  township,  about  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mont|ivlier. 

East  Cad'do,  a  post-office  of  Callahan  co.,  Tex. 

East  Calais,  kal'is,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co., 
Vt.,  in  Calais  township,  about  12  miles  N.E.  of  Moutpclier. 
It  has  a  church,  2  saw-mills,  a  grist-mill,  Ac. 

East  Calder,  kaw'd§r,  an  ancient  rectory  and  village 
of  Scotland,  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Edinburgh.     Pop.  589. 

East  Cain,  kaln,  a  township  of  Chester  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
1309,  exclusive  of  Downingtown. 

East  Cambridge,  kam'brij,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  a 
suburb  of  Boston,  is  on  the  Boston  A  Lowell  Railroad,  and 
is  connected  with  Boston  by  several  bridges  and  by  lines  of 
street  railroads.  East  Cambridge  is  a  part  of  the  city  of 
Cambridge,  and  is  the  seat  of  large  manufactures  and  of  a 
heavy  lumber-trade.  It  has  2  national  banks,  a  savings- 
bank,  and  manufacturesof  church  organs,  furniture,  brushes, 
rubber  goods,  Ac.  The  Middlesex  county  court-house  and 
house  of  correction  are  situated  here.  Its  post-office  is  a 
branch  of  the  Boston  post-office.     Pop.  about  15,000. 

East  Cambridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lamoille  co.,  Vt., 
on  the  Lamoille  River,  about  27  miles  E.N.E.  of  Burlington. 

East  Camp,  a  hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  on  tho 
Hudson  River,  1  mile  from  Germantown  Station. 

East  Campbell,  kam'^1,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  co., 
N.Y.,  3  miles  N.  of  Cooper's  Plains.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

East  Canaan,  ka'nan,  a  post-village  of  Litchfield  co., 
Conn.,  52  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Hartford.  It  has  a  church, 
a  public  school,  3  blast-furnaces,  and  a  marble-quarry. 

East  Canaan,  a  post-village  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Canaan  township,  on  the  Northern  Railroad,  50  miles  N.W. 
of  Concord.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  ana  a 
lumber-mill.  The  name  of  the  station  is  Canaan ;  the  post- 
office  is  East  Canaan. 

East  Can'ada  Creek,  of  New  York,  rises  in  Hamilton 
CO.,  runs  in  a  S.S.W.  direction,  forms  the  boundary  between 
Fulton  and  Herkimer  cos.,  and  enters  the  Mohawk  River 
about  6  miles  below  Little  Falls. 

East  Can'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  in 
Canton  township,  3  miles  E.  of  Canton  Station.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  carriage-factory. 

East  Cape,  New  Zealand.    See  Cape  Wai-Apoo. 

East  Cape,  Madagascar,    See  Cape  East, 

East  Cape  (Russ.  ShookoUkoi  or  Schukotshoi,  shoo 
kot'skoy^),  the  E.  point  of  Asia,  on  Behring's  Strait.  Lat. 
66°  6'  N. ;  Ion.  169°  50'  W, 

East  Cape  Girardeau,  a  post-office  of  Alexander 
CO.,  III. 

East  Carl'ton,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Orleans  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Rome,  Watertown  A  Ogdcnsburg  Railroad,  27 
miles  W.  of  Charlotte,     It  has  a  church. 

East  Car'mel,  a  post-office  of  Columbiana  co.,  0, 

East  Carondclct,  ka-ron'd§-l.a,  a  post-village  of  St. 
Clair  CO.,  111.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  tho  Mississippi,  opposite 
Carondelet,  about  6  miles  by  rail  below  East  St.  Louis.  It 
has  2  churches,  and  the  Meier  Iron  and  Steel  Works,  which 
are  said  to  have  a  capital  of  $3,000,000.  The  machine- 
shops  of  the  Mobile  A  Ohio  Railroad  are  located  here. 

East  Car'roll,  a  parish  forming  the  N.E.  extremity 
of  Louisiana,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Mississijjpi  River, 
and  drained  by  the  Tensas  and  Bayou  Macon,  the  latter 
forming  its  western  boundary.  The  surface  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  ash,  cypress,  gum,  Ac. ;  the  soil  is 
fertile.  Cotton  is  the  staple  product.  Capital,  Lake  Prov- 
idence. Area,  400  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1880, 12,133  :  ia 
1890,  12,362. 


EAS 


1079 


EAS 


East  Castle  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Dakota  co.,  Minn. 

East  Chain  Lakes,  a  post-office  of  Martin  co.,  Minn., 
near  i'everal  small  lakes.     P.  of  East  Chain  township,  135. 

East  Chariton.    See  Chariton  River. 

East  Charlemont,  char'l^-mont,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  in  Charlemont  township,  on  the  Deer- 
field  River,  21  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  North  Adams.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill.     Station,  Buckland. 

East  Charleston,  charlz't^n,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga 
CO.,  Pa.,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Wellsborough. 

East  Charleston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orleans  co.,  Vt., 
in  Charleston  township,  on  the  Clyde  River,  about  14  miles 
S.E.  of  Newport.  It  has  2  churches,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a, 
starch-factory. 

East  Charlotte,  shar'l^t,  post-office,  Chittenden  co.,  Vt. 

East  Chatham,  chat'am,  a  post-village  of  Columbia 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Chatham  township,  on  the  Boston  &  Albany 
Railroad,  29  miles  S.E.  of  Albany.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
paper-mill,  and  a  flour-mill. 

East  Chatham,  a  post-office  of  Tioga  co..  Pa. 

East  ChatUanoo'ga,  apost-villoge  of  Hamilton  co., 
Tenn.,  4  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Chattanooga.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  curtain-poles, 
Stoves,  shoes,  <fec.     Pop.  about  500. 

East  Ches'ter,  a  station  in  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Warwick  Valley  Railroad,  55  miles  by  rail  from  New  York. 

East  Chester,  a  post-village  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y., 
and  on  a  creek  of  the  same  name,  ^i  miles  from  Mount  Ver- 
non Station,  and  about  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  New  York.  It 
has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber. 

East  Chester,  a  post-village  in  Arthabaska  co.,  Que- 
bec, 17  miles  E.  of  Arthabaska.     Pop.  150. 

East  Chi'na,  a  township  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  river  St.  Clair.     Pop.  2.32. 

East  Claremont,  klair'mont,  a  post-office  of  Dodge 
CO.,  Minn. 

East  Clar'ence,  a  post-office  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
railroad  between  Batavia  and  Tonawanda,  18  miles  N.E.  of 
Buffalo. 

East  Clar'endon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rutland  co.,  Vt., 
and  a  station  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  6  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Rutland.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

East  Clar'idon,  a  post-village  of  Geauga  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Painesville  &  Y'oungstown  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of 
Chardon,  and  35  miles  E.  of  Cleveland.     It  has  a  church. 

East  Clarks'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huron  co.,  0., 
about  44  miles  S.W.  of  Cleveland.     It  has  a  church. 

East  Cleveland,  formerly  Collamer,  a  post-vil- 
lage of  Cuyahoga  co.,  0.,  in  East  Cleveland  township,  about 
8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cleveland,  with  which  it  is  connected  by 
the  "  Nickel  Plate,"  and  by  electric  street  railroads.  It  has 
3  churches.  East  Cleveland  Post-Office  is  a  branch  of  the 
Cleveland  post  office.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  Lake  Erie,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Lake  Shore  Rail- 
road.   Pop.  of  village  about  3500;  of  township  (1890)  5773. 

East  Clifton,  a  post-village  in  Compton  co.,  Quebec, 
15  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Compton.     Pop.  100. 

East  Clin'ton,  a  station  in  Whiteside  co.,  III.,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  & 
Quincy  and  Western  Union  Railroads,  opposite  Clinton, 
Iowa,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  railroad  bridge. 

East  Coaltown,  Scotland.    See  Coaltown. 

East  Cobleskill,  kobTz-kil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scho- 
harie CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Cobleskill  township,  2  miles  from  Howe's 
Cave.     It  has  2  churches. 

East  Cocal'ico,  a  township  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa. 
Pop.  1992,  exclusive  of  Adamstown. 

East  Coldenham,  kol'd§n-ham,  a  post-hamlet  of  Or- 
ange CO.,  N.Y.,  6  miles  W.  of  Newburg.     It  has  a  distillery. 

East  Concord,  kong'kprd,  a  post-village  of  Merrimack 
CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  left  or  B.  bank  of  the  Morrimao  River, 
and  on  the  Boston,  Concord  &  Montreal  Railroad,  2  miles 
above  the  city  of  Concord.     It  has  a  church. 

East  Concord,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Concord  township,  about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has 
a  church. 

East  Concord,  a  post-hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Concord  township,  on  the  Portland  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad, 
18  miles  E.  of  St.  Johnsbury.  It  has  a  church,  and  manu- 
factures of  lumber. 

East  Con'emaugh,  a  borough  of  Cambria  co.,  Pa., 
in  Taylor  township,  near  the  former  borough  of  Conemaugh. 
It  has  furnaces  for  the  manufacture  of  spiegeleisen.  Pop. 
about  1500.    See  Conemaugh. 

East  Con'stable,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co., 
N.Y.,  6  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Malone.  It  has  3  churches,  2 
Starch-factories,  2  sash-  and  blind-factories,  Ac.    Pop.  600. 


East  Con'way,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  N.H. 

East  Cor'inth,  a  post-village  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  io 
Corinth  township,  19  miles  N.W.  of  Bangor.  It  has  an 
academy,  and  manufactures  of  aarriages  and  lumber. 

East  Corinth  (local  pron.  ko-rinth'),  a  post-village 
of  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  in  Corinth  township,  on  Wait's  River, 
about  25  miles  S.E.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  a  church,  an 
academy,  a  carriage-factory,  and  about  40  houses. 

East  Corn'wall,  a  post-office  of  Litchfield  co..  Conn, 

East  Cov'entry,  a  post-township  of  Chester  co..  Pa., 
32  miles  N.W.  of  Philadelphia,  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by 
the  Schuylkill.     Pop.  1318.     It  contains  Lawrenceville. 

East  Coventry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  on 
Barton  River,  and  on  the  Passumpsic  Railroad,  at  Coventry 
Station,  5  miles  S.  of  Newport. 

East  Crafts'bury,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orleans  co.,  Vt., 
about  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  carriage-shop. 

East  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cape  May  co.,  N.J., 
about  20  miles  N.  of  Cape  May.     It  has  a  church. 

East  Creek,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Herkimer  co., 
N.Y.,  on  East  Canada  Creek,  and  on  the  New  York  Central 
Railroad,  67  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Albany. 

East  Cum'minsville,  a  station  in  Hamilton  co.,  0., 
on  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  about  6  miles  from 
Cincinnati. 

East  Dayton,  da'tgn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tuscola  co., 
Mich.,  18  miles  E.  of  Vassar.  It  has  2  churches,  a  foun- 
dry, and  a  district  school.     Pop.  100. 

East  Dedham,orMill  Village,  a  village  of  Norfolk 
CO.,  Mass.,  in  Dodham  township,  at  Walnut  Hill  Station,  on 
a  branch  of  the  Boston  &  Providence  Railroad.  It  has  2 
churches  and  2  woollen-factories. 

East  Deer,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  River,  and  on  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad. 
Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  1390. 

East  Deer'ing,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co..  Me., 
in  Deering  township,  on  Casco  Bay,  1  mile  from  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railroad,  and  2  miles  N.  of  Portland.  It  has  ship- 
yards, iron-works,  <fec. 

East  Deering,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hillsborough  co., 
N.H.,  in  Deering  township,  7  miles  S.W,  of  North  Weare. 
It  has  a  church. 

East  De  Kalb,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y., 
2i  miles  from  De  Kalb  Junction.  It  has  4  houses  and  2 
churches. 

East  Deravan',  a  post-hamlet  of  Walworth  co..  Wis., 
6  miles  S.  of  Elkhorn,  and  1  mile  from  Delavan  Lake.  It 
has  a  church. 

East  Den'mark,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  in 
Denmark  township,  6i  miles  from  Brownfield  Railroad 
Station.     It  has  a  church  and  5  houses. 

East  Den'nis,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barnstable  co.,  Mass., 
in  Dennis  township,  32  miles  E.S.E.  of  Plymouth.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  barrel -factory. 

East  (or  Market)  Dere'ham,  a  town  of  England, 
in  Norfolk,  at  a  railway  junction,  15  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Norwich.     Pop.  3689. 

East  Der'ry,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.H., 
in  Derry  township,  2i  miles  from  Derry  Station,  and  about 
30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Concord.  It  has  an  academy,  a  publio 
library,  a  town  hall,  and  a  church. 

East  Dick'inson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Dickinson  township,  2  miles  S.  of  Brushton  Station.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  starch-factory. 

East  Dim'ock,  a  hamlet  of  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa., 
about  10  miles  (direct)  S.  by  E.  of  Montrose. 

East  Dix'field,  a  post- village  of  Franklin  co..  Me.,  SJ 
miles  from  North  Jay  Station,  and  about  36  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Augusta.  It  is  partly  in  Wilton  township.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  common  school. 

East  Dix'niont,  a  post-hamlet  of  Penobscot  co..  Me., 
in  Dixmont  township,  about  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bangor. 
It  has  a  church. 

East  Donegal,  don^e-gawl',  a  township  of  Lancaster 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Susquehanna.     Pop.  3384. 

East  Dor'set,  a  post-village  of  Bennington  co.,  Vt., 
26  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Rutland.  It  is  at  the  base  of  Dorset 
Mountain,  and  has  2  churches,  a  common  school,  3  marble- 
mills,  and  4  quarries.     Pop.  about  800. 

East  Douglas,  diig'lass,  a  post-village  of  Worcester 
CO.,  Mass.,  46  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Boston,  and  10  miles 
W.N.AV.  of  Blackstone.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school, 
a  common  school,  saw-  and  grist-mills,  and  manufactures 
of  woollen  goods,  axes,  and  edge-tools.     Pop.  about  2000. 

East  Do'ver,  a  post-office  of  Piscataquis  co.,  Me.,  on 
the  Eingor  &  Piscataquis  Railroad,  2^  miles  E.  of  Dover. 


%A3 


1080 


ZUi 


.  East  Dover,  a  post-bamlet  of  Windham  oo.,  Vt.,  18 
fiHw  N.W.  of  Ilnittloborough.  It  ha«  2  churohea. 
'■  Bast  Dubuque,  du-bOk',  an  incornomted  pout-village 
of  Jo  DavioM  CO,,  III.,  17  miles  bj  rail  N.K.  of  Ualcnn,  and 
S  miles  E.  of  Dubuque,  Iowa,  with  which  city  it  is  con 
nected  by  a  wagon-  and  a  rnilroad-brldgc.  It  has  2  churches, 
public  g'chooln,  a  bank,  a  grnln-clevator,  a  box-factory,  a 

SlaniDg-inill,  ami  inanufncturos  of  eecd-drills  and  oultira- 
►ri.     I'op.  in  1S90,  10rt9. 
'  '  tSnot  Dunmore,  Ireland.    Beo  Dunuorb. 
^   East  Durham,  diir'^m,  a  post-villnge  of  Qreene  co., 
N.Y.,  near  the  Catskill  Mountains,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Albany. 
It  ha«  2  churches,  a  public  school,  and  a  grist-mill. 
'    Ea^t  Kii{;le,  ce'g'l,  a  post-oflSce  of  Owen  co.,  Ky. 

East  K'«lt!n,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  iibout  20 
Builes  S.  uf  liufTalo.     It  has  a  convent  and  a  church. 

East  El'ba,  a  post-office  of  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
28  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Rochester. 

East  El'ma,  a  po?t-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Elma 
township,  near  Buffalo  Creek,  about  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Buf- 
falo.   It  has  a  woollen-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  store.    P.  112. 

East  Elmi'ra,  a  post-offioeor  hamlet  of  Chemung  oo., 
N.Y.,  2  miles  E.  of  Elmira. 

East  End,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  Tenn.,  3 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Chattanooga.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  about  300. 

East  E'nosbnrg,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Vt., 
2  miles  E.  of  Enosburg.  It  has  a  church,  a  district  school, 
and  snw-  and  shingle-uiills. 

East  En'terprise,  a  post-hnmlct  of  Switzerland  co., 
Ind.,  about  24  miles  E.N.E.  of  Madison.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  grist-mill. 

Enster  Island,  Teapy(tee'pee)  Island,  or  Waihu, 
wrhoo',  an  island  in  the  Pacific,  in  lat.  27°  6'  S.,  Ion.  109° 
17'  W.,  about  2300  miles  W.  of  the  coast  of  Chili.  It  is 
small  and  of  volcanic  origin,  and  rises  1200  feet  in  elevation. 
It  is  the  easternmost  inhabited  Polynesian  island,  and  is 
remarkable  for  its  ancient  gigantic  statues. 

East'cm,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  111.  Pop.  1015. 
It  contains  Akin. 

Eastern  Archipelago.    See  Malay  Archipelago. 

Eastern  Dwars  (or  Duars,  doo-arz',  i.e.,  "passes"), 
a  tract  of  land  in  Bengal,  in  the  foot-hills  of  Qoalpara  dis- 
trict, on  the  borders  of  Bootan,  which  ceded  these  tracts  in 
1865  to  the  British  Indian  government,  together  with  a 
region  called  the  Western  or  Bengal  Dwars.  Pop.  of  East- 
ern Dwars  in  1872,  37,047.  The  Eastern  Dwars  are  also 
called  the  Assam  Dwars. 

Enst'ern  (or  Gloucester)  Point,  at  the  entrance  of 
Cape  Ann  harbor,  Mass.  Lat.  42°  34'  40"  N. ;  Ion.  70°  39'  W. 

Eastern  Roumclia,  roo-mce'l?-a,  a  tributary  prov- 
ince of  Europe,  bounded  N.  by  the  Balkans,  E.  by  the 
Black  Sea,  S.  and  S.W.  by  Rounielia,  the  llhodope  Moun- 
tains extending  on  thoS.W.  frontier,  and  N.W.  by  Bulgaria. 
Area,  13,063  square  miles.  It  was  created  by  the  Congress 
of  Berlin  in  1878,  and  was  made  autonomic,  though  form- 
ing an  integral  part  of  the  Turkish  empire,  and  was  placed 
under  a  Christian  governor-general.  In  1885  a  revolution 
occurred,  and  the  province  was  declared  a  part  of  Bulgaria. 
Chief  towns,  Boorghas,  Philippopolis,  Kasanlik,  Eskeo-Sara, 
and  Selimno.     Pop.  975,000. 

East  Ev'ans,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  N.T.,  about  16 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Buffalo,  and  1  mile  from  Lake  Erie.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  cheese- factory.     Pop.  100. 

East  Ex'eter,  a  post-hamlet  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  9 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Corinna  Station.  It  has  a  cheese-factory 
and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

East  Fair'field,  a  post-office  of  Somerset  co..  Me.,  on 
the  Kennebec  River,  and  on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  at 
Tishon's  Ferry  Station. 

East  Fairfield,  a  post-village  of  Columbiana  co.,  0., 
uboul  22  miles  S.  of  Yonngstown.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
public  school,  and  coal-mines.     Pop.  about  200. 

East  Fnirfield,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  on 
French  Creek,  traversed  by  the  railroad  from  Meadville  to 
Franklin.  Pop.  572,  exclusive  of  Cochrnnton. 
■  East  Fairfield,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  on 
the  Portland  A  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  74  miles  W.  of  St. 
Johnsbury.  It  has  3  churches,  a  district  school,  and  man- 
ufactures of  lumber,  wagons,  Ac.     Pop.  iibout  600. 

East  Fal'lowficid,  a  township  of  Chester  co..  Pa. 
Pop.  1291.  It  contains  McWillianistown,  Humphrey ville, 
Ercildoun,  Doe  Run,  Youngsburg,  and  Modena.  It  has 
important  manufactures  of  paper. 

East  Fallowfield,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa. 
Pop.  1167.     It  contains  Evansburg. 

East  Falls  Cbarch,  a  station  in  Fairfax  co.,  Va.,  on 


the  Washington  A  Ohio  Railroad,  0  miles  W.  of  Alexandria. 
See  Falls  (Iiiiriicii. 

East  Falmouth,  fSl'milth,  a  post-village  of  Barn- 
stable CO.,  Mass.,  in  Falmouth  township,  about  22  miles  E. 
by  8.  from  New  Bedford,  and  1  mile  rrom  the  ocean.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  manufactory  of  sash  and  blinds. 

East  Farm'ington,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co..  Wis 

East  Farnham,  fum'i^m,  a  post-village  in  Brome  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  Southeastern  Railroad,  24  miles  N.  of  Rich- 
ford,  Vt.,  and  51  miles  E.S.E.  of  Montreal.     Pop.  200. 

East  Feliciana,  fe-lis-sc-ah'n^,  a  parish  in  the  E. 
part  of  Louisiana,  bordering  on  Mississippi,  has  an  area  of 
about  450  square  miles.  The  Mississippi  River  touches  the 
S.W.  extremity  of  this  parish,  which  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  the  Amite  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests  of  good  timber ;  the  soil  is 
fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Louinville,  New  Orleans  A  Texas 
Railroad.  Capital,  Clinton.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,499;  in  1880, 
15,132;  in  1890,  17,903. 

East  Fin'ley,  a  post-township  of  Washington  oo..  Pa., 
40  miles  S.W.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  5  churches.     Pop.  1 1 86. 

East  Fish'kill,  a  post-village  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y., 
in  East  Fishkill  township,  2  miles  from  Hopewell  Junction 
Station,  and  about  60  miles  N.  of  New  York.  It  has  a 
grist-mill  and  an  iron-mine.  The  township  contains  ham- 
lets named  Stormville  and  Johnsville,  and  a  pop.  of  2488. 

East  Flan'ders  (Fr.  Flaudre  Orientale,  tt5.Nd'r  o're- 
5N<''til'),  a  province  of  Belgium,  bounded  N.  by  the  Nether- 
lands. Area,  1158  square  miles.  The  surface  forms  an  ex- 
tensive plain,  belonging  to  the  basin  of  the  Scheldt,  which, 
with  its  tributaries,  and  canals  connected  with  them,  furnishes 
ample  water  communication.  Its  soil,  partly  of  a  sandy 
and  partly  of  a  clayey  texture,  is  so  industriously  and  skil- 
fully cultivated  that  it  has  the  appearance  of  a  vast  garden, 
and  presents  one  of  the  richest  rural  landscapes  which  any- 
where exists.  The  principal  crops  are  wheat  and  flax. 
Manufactures  have  made  great  progress,  and  all  the  ordi- 
nary as  well  as  the  fine  tissues  of  wool,  cotton,  and  tiax  are 
largely  produced.     Capital,  Ghent.     Pop.  863,458. 

East  Fletch'er,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Fletcher  township,  on  the  Portland  A  Ogdensburg  Railroad, 
at  Fletcher  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

East  Flor'ence,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y., 
about  18  miles  N.W.  of  Rome.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist- 
mill, 2  stores,  and  a  saw-mill. 

East  Florenceville.    See  Flouenceville  East. 

East'ford,  a  post-village  of  Windham  co.,  Conn.,  in 
Eastford  township,  about  36  miles  E.N.E.  of  Hartford.  The 
township  has  3  churches,  a  creamery,  a  saw-mill,  a  wood- 
turning  mill,  and  manufactures  of  stocking-yarn.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  561. 

East  Fork,  a  hamlet  of  Siskiyou  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  East 
Fork  of  Scott  River,  80  miles  from  Redding. 

East  Fork,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co..  III.,  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Vandalia.    It  contains  3  churches.    P.  2190. 

East  Fork,  a  post-village  of  Metcalfe  co.,  Ky.,  7  miles 
(direct)  N.E.  of  Edmonton.  It  has  2  churches,  and  saw- 
and  grist-mills.     Pop.  about  500. 

East  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Transylvania  co.,  N.C. 

East  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Sevier  co.,  Tenn. 

East  Fork  of  Trinity.    See  Bois  d'Arc  Riter. 

East  Fox'borough,  a  post-hamlet  of  Norfolk  co., 
Mass.,  on  the  Boston  A  Providence  Railroad,  22  miles  S.  of 
Boston.     It  has  a  church. 

East  Frampton,  Quebec.    See  Saint  Malachie. 

East  Frank'fort,  a  hamlet  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Erie  Canal  and  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  1  mile 
from  Ilion.     It  h.as  about  30  houses. 

East  Franklin,  N.II.    See  Franklin  Falls. 

East  Frank'lin,  a  township  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa., 
bounded  E.  by  the  Alleghany  River.     Pop.  1451. 

East  Franklin,  a  station  in  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Mt.  E.agle  Branch  of  the  Mine  Hill  A  Schuylkill  Haven 
Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Tremont. 

East  Franklin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Vt., 
17  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Albans,  and  6  miles  N.  of  East  Frank- 
lin Station  of  the  Eastern  division  of  the  Central  Vermont 
Railroad.     It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  Ac. 

East  Free'dom,  a  post-village  of  Blair  co..  Pa.,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Juniata  River,  about  15  miles  by  rail  S.  of 
Altoona.  It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery.  There  are  3  iron- 
furnaces  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  about  200. 

East  Free'toAVn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bristol  co.,  Mass., 
in  Freetown  township,  1  mile  from  the  New  Bedford  A 
Taunton  Railroad,  and  10  miles  N.  of  New  Bedford.  It  has 
2  churches. 


EAS 


1081 


EAS 


I 


East  Freetown,  a  post-office  of  Cortland  cc,  N.Y. 
u  £ast  Fre^mont',  a  post-ofRce  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mich. 

East  Friend'ship,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Me.,  on 
ta  inlet  of  the  sea. 

East  Friesland,  freez'land,  a  district  of  Prussia, 
forming  the  northwesternmost  angle  of  Hanover  and  of 
the  (lerman  empire,  and  now  constituting  the  landdrostei  of 
Aurich.  Area,  1153  square  miles.  Much  of  it  is  diked  to 
e.KcIude  the  water;  and  the  district  includes  several  islands 
in  the  North  Sea.  The  Frisian  language  is  here  spoken  to 
some  extent.  Capital,  Aurich.  Pop.  189, .345.  Ihe  East 
Friesland  of  history  once  included  a  much  larger  tract  in 
the  Netherlan(is  and  in  the  N.W.  of  Germany. 

East  Fryeburg,  fri'biirg,  a  post-office  of  O.^ford  co.,  Me. 

East  Gaines,  ganz,  a  post-hamlot  of  Orleans  co.,  N.Y., 
1 J  miles  from  East  Carlton  Railroad  Station,  and  about  28 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Rochester.     It  has  a  church. 

East  Gainesville,  ganz'vil,  a  post- village  of  Wyo- 
ming CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with 
the  Silver  Lake  Railroad,  and  on  the  Rochester  &  State  Line 
Bailroad,  55  miles  E.S.E.  of  Buffalo,  and  1  mile  from  Silver 
Lake.     It  has  a  cheese-factory. 

East  Gale'na,  a  township  of  Jo  Daviess  co..  111.,  con- 
tiguous to  Galena.     Pop.  856. 

East  Gal'latin,  a  post-office  of  Gallatin  co.,  Montana. 

East  Galway,gawrwa,  or  Yorks  Corners,  a  post- 
village  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  about  32  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Albany.     It  has  2  churches. 

East  Genoa,  je-no'a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cayuga  co., 
H.Y.,  about  22  miles  S.  of  Auburn. 

East  Georgia,  jor'je-a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co., 
Vt.,  in  Georgia  township,  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad, 
23  miles  N.N.E.  of  Burlington.     It  has  a  church. 
,   East  Ger'man,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chenango  co.,  N.Y., 
about  26  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Binghamton. 

East  Ger'mantown,  a  post-village  of  AVayne  co., 
Ind.,  in  Jackson  township,  on  the  Martindale  Fork  of  the 
Whitewater  River,  and  on  the  railroad  which  connects 
Richmond  with  Indianapolis,  about  12  miles  W.  of  Rich- 
mond.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  plough-factory.     Pop.  536. 

East  Gib'son,  a  post-office  of  Manitowoc  co..  Wis. 

East  Gil'ead,  a  post-hamlet  of  Branch  co.,  Mich.,  14 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Coldwater.     It  has  2  churches. 

East  Glastenbury,  glas'8?n-b§r-re,  a  post-hamlet 
of  Hartford  co.,  Conn.,  in  Glasteobury  township,  ]0  or  11 
miles  S.E.  of  Hartford.  It  has  a  church,  2  paper-mills,  a 
woollen-mill,  and  a  granite-quarry. 

East  Glenelg,  Outario.    See  Markdale. 

East  Glen'ville,  a  post-office  of  Schenectady  co.,  N.Y. 

East  Golden,  gOld'en,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oceana  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Michigan  Lake  Shore  Railroad, 
10  miles  S.  of  Pentwater.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

East  Go'shen,  a  township  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.    P.  684. 

East  Grafton,  a  hamlet  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  1  mile 
from  Grafton  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church,  2  cider- 
mills,  and  3  saw-mills.     Pop.  about  150. 

East  Gran'by,  a  post-village  of  Hartford  co..  Conn., 
in  East  Grnnby  township,  about  16  miles  N.  by  W.  from 
Hartford.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  661. 

East  Grand  Forks,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co.,  Minn., 
3  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Grand  Forks.  It  has  n  church,  a 
bank,  2  breweries,  3  newspaper  offices,  Ac.     Pop.  795. 

East  Granger,  grain^^r,  a  post-office  in  Granger 
^wnship,  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y. 

East  Gran'viile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hampden  co., 
Mass.,  in  Granville  township,  20  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Spring- 
field.    It  has  a  church.     Pop.  in  1880,  579. 

East  Granville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Addison  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Granville  township,  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  22 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Montpelier  Junction.  It  has  a  lumber- 
mill.     Pop.  about  50.      . 

East  Green'bush,  a  post-village  of  Rensselaer  eo„ 
N.Y.,  in  East  Greenbush  township,  about  7  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Albany.  It  has  2  churches.  The  township  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  the  Hudson  River.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2067. 

East  Greene,  a  post-office  of  Erie  co..  Pa. 
^  East  Greens'borough,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orleans  co., 
Vt..  2  miles  from  Greensborough  Bend.    It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

East  Greens'biirg,  a  station  in  Westmoreland  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Southwestern  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  1  mile 
from  Greensburg. 

East  Green'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stark  co.,  0.,  in 
Tuscarawas  township,  5  miles  W.  of  Massillon.  It  has  a 
church. 

East  Greenville,  a  post-borough  of  Montgomery  co., 
pa.,  in  Upper  Hanover  township,  on  the  Perkiomen  Rail- 
road, ]  9  miles  S.  of  AUentown.  It  has  2  churches,  a  national 
69 


bank,  a  graded  public  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manu- 
factures of  cigars  and  cigar-boxes.     Pop.  539. 

East  Green'wich,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
N.Y.,  about  38  miles  N.N.E.  of  Albany.  It  is  4i  miles  W. 
of  Salem.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a  cider-mill,  and  a 
manufactory  of  sash  and  blinds. 

East  Greenwich,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Kent  co., 
R.I.,  is  in  East  Greenwich  township,  on  the  W.  side  of  Nar^ 
ragansett  Bay,  andon  the  Stonington  &  Providence  Railroad, 
14  miles  S.  of  Providence,  and  14  miles  by  water  N.N.W. 
of  Newport.  It  has  7  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  savings- 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  cotton-mill,  and  bleach-works. 
Here  is  a  Methodist  school  called  the  East  Greenwich  Acad- 
emy. The  township  has  10  churches.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 3127  ,-  of  the  village,  about  2801. 

East  Green'wood,  a  post-office  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich. 

East  Greenwood,  a  post-office  of  Muskingum  co.,  0. 

East  Grin'stead,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  of 
Sussex,  on  a  railway,  26  miles  S.  of  London.  It  has  a 
grammar-school.     Pop.  5390. 

East  Groton,  graw'tgn,  a  station  in  Middlesex  oo., 
Mass.,  on  the  Nashua,  Acton  &  Boston  Railroad,  9  miles  S, 
of  Nashua,  N.H. 

East  Grove,  a  township  of  Lee  co..  111.     Pop.  765. 

East  Grove'land,  a  post-office  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y. 

East  Guilford,  ghil'ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chenango 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Unadilla  River,  and  on  the  New  York  & 
Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  at  or  near  New  Berlin  Junction, 
about  32  miles  N.E.  of  Binghamton.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  grist-mill. 

East  Guilford,  or  Algiers,  al-jcerz',  a  village  of 
Windham  oo.,  Vt.,  in  Guilford  township,  3  miles  S.W.  of 
Brattleborough.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  manufactory  of 
baby-carriages. 

East  Had 'dam,  a  post-township  of  Middlesex  co., 
Conn.,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Connecticut  River,  about  15 
miles  below  Middletown,  and  28  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hartford. 
It  has  7  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  ship-yard,  13  cotton-mills,  3  manufactoriea 
of  britannia  spoons,  and  2  of  coffin-trimmings.  It  contains 
villages  named  Goodspced's  Landing,  Moodus,  and  Lees- 
ville.  Total  pop.  2951.  East  Iladdam  Post-Office  is  at 
Goodspced's  Landing. 

Easthani,  easi'am,  a  post-township  of  Barnstable  co., 
Mass.,  part  of  Cape  Cod  peninsula.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  the  ocean,  and  on  the  W.  by  Cape  Cod  Bay.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  and  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  602.    Eastham  Station  is  97  miles  by  rail  from  Boston. 

East  Ham'burg,  a  post-village  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
East  Hamburg  township,  10  or  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Buffalo. 
It  has  2  churches,  the  East  Hamburg  Friends'  Institute,  a 
wagon-shop,  and  a  basket-factory.     Pop.  of  township,  2392, 

East  Ham'ilton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y., 
on  a  branch  of  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Rail- 
road, about  25  miles  S.S.W.  of  Utica.     It  has  a  church. 

East  Hamilton,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Tox., 
on  the  Sabine  River,  at  the  head  of  navigation,  75  miles  S. 
of  Shreveport.  It  has  several  stores,  and  is  said  to  have 
more  trade  than  any  other  place  in  the  county. 

East  Ham'lin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y., 
and  a  station  on  the  Lake  Ontario  Shore  Railroad,  13  miles 
AV.  of  Charlotte.     It  has  a  church  and  15  houses. 

East  Hamp'den,  a  post-hamlet  of  Penobscot  co..  Me., 
on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Penobscot  River,  2  miles  S.W.  of 
Bangor.     It  has  3  steam  saw-mills  and  4  stores. 

East  Hamp'stead,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co., 
N.H.,  in  Hampstead  township,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Manchester. 

East  Hamp'ton,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co., 
Conn.,  in  Chatham  township,  on  the  Air-Line  division  of 
the  New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford  Railroad,  9  miles 
E.  of  Middletown.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  and 
manufactories  of  bells  and  silk-goods.  Pop.  about  1000. 
Here  is  an  iron  bridge  or  viaduct  1200  feet  long  and  140 
feet  high. 

East  Hampton,  a  post-town  of  Hampshire  co.,  Mass., 
on  the  Connecticut  River  Railroad  (East  Hampton  Branch), 
and  on  the  New  York,  New  Haven  <fc  Hartford  Railroad 
(Northampton  division),  71  miles  N.  of  New  Haven,  and 
17  miles  N.N.W.  of  Springfield.  It  contains  5  churches, 
a  national  bank,  the  Williston  Seminary,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  manufactures  -"f  buttons,  suspenders,  rubber 
goods,  steam  pumps,  silk  aress-goods,  whips,  and  cotton 
yarn.  The  Connecticut  River  touches  the  E.  border  of 
the  township.     Pop.  in  1890,  4395. 

East  Hampton,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  in 
East  Hampton  township,  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  is  about  1  mile 
from  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  7  miles  S.E.  of  Sag  Harbor* 


SA8 


1082 


•XAB 


It  hu  2  eburebM  and  2  windmillR.  Pop.  in  1800,  1111. 
Tb«  towDtbip  forui  U>«  eMtern  part  of  Long  Inland,  and 
hM  a  pop.  of  2431. 

East  Hnn'nibalv  •  itation  in  Pike  oo..  III.,  on  tbe 
Misfiwippi  Kiver,  on  tho  Hannibal  A  Naples  Ilailrond,  and 
on  a  branch  of  tho  Chicjigo,  Burlington  A  Quinoy  lliiilroftd, 
•ppoaite  llnnnibnl,  Mo.,  with  wbiob  city  it  is  oonneotod  by 
ft  fine  iron  bridj^o. 

East  Han'overv  a  township  of  Dauphin  oo.,  Pa.  Pop. 
172.^.     It  if)  bounded  E.  by  East  Hanover,  in  Lebanon  co. 

East  Ilnnover,  a  post-village  of  Ijcbnnon  oo.,  Pa.,  in 
East  Ilanovur  township,  about  18  milos  N.E.  of  Ilarris- 
bnrg.  The  tuwn!<hip  has  6  ohurcbos  and  a  woollon-fao- 
torv.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1737. 

Jtnst  Ilard'wick,  a  post-village  in  Ilardwick  town- 
ship, Caloilonia  oo.,  Vt.,  on  the  Lamoille  River,  and  on  tho 
Portland  A  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  30  milos  N.AV.  of  St. 
Johnsbary,  and  about  24  miles  N.N.E.  of  Montpolier.  It 
has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  leather, 
(ash,  and  blinds. 

East  Ilar'Iing,  a  markot-tomi  and  parish  of  England, 
00.  of  Norfolk,  22  miles  S.W.  of  Norwich.     Pop.  1085. 

East  Ilarps'weHf  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co., 
Me.,  on  the  sea-const,  7  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Brunswick. 

East  Harp'treC)  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Somerset, 
6J  miles  N.  of  Wells.     Pop.  of  parish,  675. 

East  Hart'ford,  a  post-village  of  East  Hartford 
township,  Hartford  co..  Conn.,  is  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Con- 
necticut River,  opposite  Hartford,  and  on  the  New  York  A 
New  England  and  Connecticut  Central  Railroads.  It  has 
manufactures  of  paper  and  carriages,  and  a  newspaper 
office.  The  township  contains  another  village,  named 
Burnside,  has  6  churches,  and  a  pop.  of  4465. 

East  Ilart'land,  a  post-office  of  Hartford  co.,  Conn. 

East  Har'wich,  a  post-village  of  Barnstable  co., 
Mass.,  in  Harwich  township,  on  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  4  miles 
£.  of  Harwich  Railroad  Station,  and  88  miles  S.E.  of  Bos- 
ton.    It  has  a  church  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  about  350. 

East  Hastings,  has-tings,  a  station  on  tho  Milwau- 
kee A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  1  mile  S.E.  of  Hastings,  Minn. 

East  Hatley,  Quebec.     See  Hatley. 

East  Ha'ven,  a  post-hamlet  of  New  Haven  co..  Conn., 
on  Long  Island  Sound,  3i  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Now  Haven. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  wagon-factory,  and  a  grist-mill.  East 
Haven  Station  on  tho  Shore  Line  Railroad  is  5  miles  E.  of 
New  Haven.     Pop.  of  township,  955. 

East  Haven,  a  post-township  of  Essex  CO.,  Vt.     P.191. 

East  Haverhill,  ha'v§r-il,  post-office,  Essex  co.,  Mass. 

East  Haverhill,  a  post-village  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H., 
in  Haverhill  township,  on  the  Boston,  Concord  A  Montreal 
Railroad,  5  miles  E.S.E.  of  Haverhill.  It  has  a  church, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber,  scythe-stones,  and  starch. 

East  Hawkesbnry,  hawks'bfr-re,  a  post-village  in 
Prcscott  CO.,  Ontario,  12  miles  W.  of  Point  Fortune. 
Pop.  100. 

East  He'bron,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oxford  co..  Me.,  in 
Hebron  township,  on  the  Portland  A  Oxford  Central  Rail- 
road, about  45  miles  N.  of  Portland. 

East  Hebron,  a  post-office  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H. 

East  Hebron,  a  post-office  of  Potter  co..  Pa. 

East  Hcmp'fiela,  a  post-township  of  Lancaster  co.. 
Pa.,  about  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Harrisburg,  is  intersected  by 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  and  has  lead-  and  zinc-mines. 
It  contains  villages  named  Landisville  and  Petersburg. 
East  Hempfield  Post-Office  is  at  Petersburg.    Pop.  3154. 

East  Hen'derson,  a  station  of  Le  Sueur  co.,  Minn., 
in  Tyrone  township,  on  the  Minnesota  River,  opposite  the 
town  of  Henderson,  and  on  the  St.  Paul  A  Sioux  City  Rail- 
road, 28  miles  8.  of  Mankato,  and  58  miles  from  St.  Paul. 

East  Hen^riet'ta,  a  village  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Henrietta  township,  7  or  8  miles  S.  of  Rochester.  It  has 
several  churches  near  it. 

East  Her'eford,  a  post-village  in  Compton  co.,  Quebec, 
on  the  borders  of  New  Hampshire,  21  miles  E.S.E.  of  Coati- 
eook.     Pop.  150. 

East  Hick'maii,  a  post- village  of  Fayette  co.,  Ky.,  6 
miles  from  Providence  Station.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
bemp-factory. 

East  Ilick'ory,  a  post-hamlet  of  Forest  co.,  Pa.,  1  mile 
from  Hickory  Station.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

East  High'gatc,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Vt., 
In  Ilighgate  township,  on  the  Missisquoi  River,  about  11 
tniles  N.E.  of  St.  Albans,  and  on  the  Portland  <fe  Ogdensburg 
Railroad,  11  miles  E.  of  Lake  Champlain.  It  has  a  scythe- 
factory. 

East  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Nunda 
township,  2J  miles  from  Nunda  Station.     It  has  a  church. 


East  Hins'dale,  a  post-office  of  Queens  oo.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Flushing,  North  Shore  A  Central  Railroad,  at  Ilinsdulo 
Station,  14  miles  E.  of  New  York  City. 

East  Ili'ram,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oxford  co.,  Mo.,  la 
Hiram  township,  near  the  Saco  River,  )  milo  from  Hirnm 
Railroad  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
lumber,  boots,  and  salt-boxes. 

East  Ilol'liston,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  eo., 
Mass.,  in  Holliston  township,  on  the  Milford  Branch  of  th« 
Boston  A  Albany  Railroad,  25  miles  W.S.W.  of  Boston.  It 
has  a  manufactory  of  boots. 

East  Ho'mer,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cortland  oo.,  N.V.,  on 
the  EIniira,  Cortlnnd  A  Northern  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of 
Cortland,  and  about  27  miles  S.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  a 
ohureh,  cheese-factories,  grist-  and  saw-mills,  and  a  wagon- 
shop.     Pop.  about  100. 

East  lloo'sick,  a  station  in  Rensselaer  co.,  N.V.,  on 
the  Harlem  Extension  Railroad,  7  miles  from  Bennington, 
Vt.,  and  near  the  Vermont  line. 

East  Houns'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  JofTorson  co., 
N.Y.,  1  milo  from  the  Watertown  A  Sackots  Harbor  lUil- 
road.     It  has  a  church. 

East  Ilub'bardston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Worcester  co., 
Mass.,  on  Ware  River,  about  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Fitcliburg, 
and  1  mile  from  the  Boston,  Barre  A  Gardner  Railroad.  It 
has  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  dc. 

East  Hiib'bardton,  a  post-office  of  Rutland  eo.,  Vt. 

East  Ilum'boldt  Mountains,  a  N.  and  S.  range  in 
the  S.  part  of  Elko  co.,  Nov.,  having  the  Ruby  Valley  on  tho 
E.  and  tho  Huntingdon  Valley  on  the  W.  Some  of  its  peaks 
are  reported  to  exceed  the  height  of  15,000  feet. 

East  Hunter,  New  York.     See  Tannkusvili.e. 

East  Hnnt'ingdon,  atownship  of  Westmoreland  co. 
Pa.  P.  (1880)  4404.  It  contains  Bethany,  AVest  Bethany, 
Stonersrille,  Scottdale,  and  Reagan  town,  and  has  6  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  iron,  coke,  Ac. 

East  Indies,  in'deez,  a  collective  name  vaguely  ap- 
plied to  India,  Indo-China,  and  tho  Malay  Archipelago. 
See  IxniA,  and  Malay  AncniPKLAGO. 

East  Ir'ving,  a  hamlet  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa,  5  miles  N. 
of  Belle  Plain.  It  contains  2  churches  and  the  Irving  In- 
stitute.    Pop.  84. 

East  Island,  Indian  Ocean.     See  Crozkt  Isi.axds. 

East  Jack'son,  a  post-office  of  Waldo  co.,  Me. 

East  Jaf'frey,  a  post-village  of  Cheshire  co.,  N.IT., 
in  JaiTrey  township,  on  the  Monadnock  Railroad,  about  40 
miles  S.W.  of  Concord.  It  has  a  high  school,  a  national 
bank,  a  savings-bank,  manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  flour, 
lumber,  Ac,  and  3  churches.  It  is  about  3  miles  from  Mo- 
nadnock Mountain. 

East  Jav'a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y.,  m 
Java  township,  about  35  miles  S.E.  of  Buflalo.  It  has  a 
cheese-factory  and  a  store. 

East  Jed'dore',  or  Lake'ville,  a  post-village  in 
Halifax  co..  Nova  Scotia,  38  miles  from  Halifax.    Pop.  100. 

East  Jefferson,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co..  Me.,  in 
Jeflferson  township,  about  22  miles  S.E.  of  Augusta.  It  hag 
a  church,  a  high  school,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

East  Jew'ett,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y. 

East  Jor'dan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Charlevoix  co.,  Mich., 
on  Jordan  River,  17  miles  W.N.W.  of  Boyne  Falls.  It  hag 
5  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  manufactures  of 
lumber,  and  a  foundry. 

East  Junius,  jun'yiis,  a  hamlet  of  Seneca  co.,  N.Y., 
7  miles  from  Lyons.     Pop.  about  100. 

East  Ken'dall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orleans  co.,  N.Y., 
22  miles  liy  rail  W.N.W.  of  Rochester.     It  has  a  church. 

East  Kent,  a  post-hamlet  of  Litchfield  co..  Conn., 
about  25  miles  N.  of  Danbury.     It  has  a  church. 

East  Kil'iingl  y,  a  post-village  of  Windham  co.,  Conn., 
in  Killingly  township,  about  22  luiles  W.  of  Providence, 
R.I.     It  has  several  cotton -factories. 

East  King'ston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham  co., 
N.H.,  on  the  Boston  A  Maine  Railroad,  45  miles  N.  of 
Boston.  It  has  a  town  hall,  a  church,  a  district  school,  and 
manufactures  of  bricks  and  carriages.     Pop.  about  400. 

East  Knox,  nox,  a  post-office  of  Waldo  co..  Me. 

East  Koy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y.,  4 
miles  from  Portage  Station.  It  has  a  cheese-factory  and  a 
manufactory  of  clothes-pins  and  barrel-headings.    Pop.  100. 

East  Koy  Creek  unites  with  West  Koy  Creek,  and 
enters  the  Genesee  River  in  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y. 

East  Lack^awan'nock,  a  township  of  Mercer  co., 
Pa.     Pop.  656. 

East'lake,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ala.,  6  miles 
N.E.  of  Birmingham.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  s 
newspaper  office,  and  lumljer- mills.     Pop.  about  900. 


(i 


EAS 


1083 


EAS 


Enst  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Fla.,  18  miles 
by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Ooala.  Here  are  orange-  and  lemon-groves. 
Pop.  100, 

£ast  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Manistee  co.,  Mich.,  2 
miles  by  rail  B.  of  Manistee.  It  has  a  church,  and  manu- 
factures of  lumber,  shingles,  and  salt.     Pop.  1856, 

£ast  Lani'peter,  a  township  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa., 
traversed  by  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  main  line.  Pop. 
2603.     It  contains  Bird  in  Hand. 

East  Lanc'aster,  a  village  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Hocking  River,  32  miles  S.E.  of  Columbus,     Pop.  666. 

East'Iand,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Texas, 
has  an  area  of  about  900  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  Leon  River,  which  rises  in  it,  and  by  Colony  Creek. 
The  surface  is  diversified  witli  high  ridges  or  hills,  called 
Comanche  Mountains  and  Leon  River  Mountains.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Capital,  Eastland.  Pop.  in  1880,  4855 ;  in 
1890,  10,.373. 

Eastland,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Eastland  co.,  Tex., 
about  170  miles  N.N.W.  of  Austin.  It  has  3  churches  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  600. 

East  Laii'sing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y., 
about  10  miles  N.  of  Ithaca.     It  has  a  church. 

East  Lamport',  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  N.C. 

East  LeavenAVorth,  lev'en-worth,  a  station  of  Platte 
CO.,  Mo,,  on  the  Missouri  River,  opposite  Leavenworth, 
Kansas.  It  is  on  the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  &  Council 
BiuSs  Railroad,  at  City  Point. 

East  Leb'anon,  a  station  in  York  co.,  Me.,  in  the 
town  of  Lebanon,  on  the  Portland  &  Rochester  Railroad,  9 
miles  E.  of  Rochester,  N.H. 

East  Lebanon,  a  post-village  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H., 
in  Lebanon  township,  on  the  Mascoma  River,  and  on  the 
Northern  Railroad,  61  miles  N.W.  of  Concord.  It  has 
about  40  dwellings.     Here  is  a  fine  lake,  named  Mascoma. 

East  Lee,  a  post-village  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Leo  township,  li  miles  from  Lee  Station.  It  has  a  church, 
a  machine-shop,  a  paper-mill,  a  foundry,  Ac. 

East  Lem'on,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyoming  co..  Pa.,  in 
Lemon  township,  6  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Tunkhannock.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

East  Lemp'ster,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.IL, 
10  miles  from  Newport.  It  has  2  churches,  a  lumber-mill, 
tnd  a  shoe-factory. 

East  Lc'on,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y., 
5  miles  N.AV.  of  Cattaraugus  Station.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  cheese-factory. 

East  Le  Roy,  a  post-ofiice  of  Calhoun  co.,  Mich. 

East  Lew'istown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mahoning  co., 
0.,  22  miles  E.  of  Alliance.  It  has  a  church,  and  manu- 
factures of  fire-brick,  building-blocks,  and  tiles. 

East  Lex'ington,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co,, 
Mass,,  2  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Lexington  village,  and  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Boston.     It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  Ac. 

East  Lib'erty,  a  station  in  Clermont  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Cincinnati  &  Eastern  Railroad,  3  miles  W.  of  Bntavia. 

East  Liberty,  a  post-village  of  Lognn  co.,  0.,  in  Perry 
township,  about  10  miles  E.  of  Bellefontaine.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  district  school,  a  grist-mill,  a  steam  8aw-mill, 
and  a  creamery.     Pop.  about  350, 

East  Liberty,  a  post-borough  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Pennsylvania  Ifailroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Pittsburg,  is  the 
seat  of  the  Western  Pennsylvania  Hospital.  It  was  annexed 
to  Pittsburg  in  1872.  It  has  13  churches,  2  banks,  a  female 
college,  and  manufactures  of  railroad-ears,  white-lead,  car- 
ringes,  sash,  doors,  <fec.,  with  extensive  cattle-yards. 

East  Liberty,  a  village  in  Dunbar  township,  F.ayctte 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Youghiogheny  River,  opposite  Dawson,  and 
about  37  miles  direct  S.S.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a  church, 
a  foundry,  and  a  cabinet-shop. 

East  Liberty,  a  post-office  of  Page  co.,  Va. 

East  Lim'ington,  a  post-oflSce  of  York  co.,  Me. 

East  Lincoln,  link'on,  a  township  of  Logan  co..  III. 
Pop.  3397.     It  contains  a  part  of  Lincoln,  the  county  seat. 

East  Lincoln,  a  post-ofiice  of  Penobscot  co..  Me. 

East  Lincoln,  a  post-ofiice  of  Polk  co..  Wis. 

East  Line,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
railroad  from  Albany  to  Whitehall,  28  miles  N.  of  Albany. 
It  has  a  church,  a  carriage-shop,  and  about  25  houses. 

East  Litch'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  Litchfield  co.. 
Conn.,  is  at  Litchfield  Station  on  the  Naugatuck  Railroad, 
12  miles  S.  of  Winstod.     It  has  a  chapel  and  a  paper-mill. 

East  Lit'tleton,  a  station  in  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on 
the  Nashua,  Acton  <fc  Boston  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Concord. 

East  Liv'erniore,  a  post-village  in  East  Livermore 
township,  Androscoggin  co.,  Me.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the 
Androscoggin  River,  and  on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  32 


miles  N.  of  Lewiston,  It  has  3  churches  and  several  mills. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1004, 

East  Livermore  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Andros- 
coggin CO.,  Me,,  about  20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Augusta. 

East  Liv'erpool,  a  post- village  of  Columbiana  co.,  0,, 
in  Liverpool  township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  24  miles 
above  Steubenville,  and  on  the  Cleveland  &  Pittsburg  Rail- 
road, 44  miles  W,N,W.  of  Pittsburg,  106  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Cleveland,  and  4  miles  N.E.  of  Wellsville.  It  has  13 
churches,  2  national  banks,  public  schools,  a  city  hall,  ex- 
tensive china-,  porcelain-,  earthenware-,  and  terra-cotta- 
works,  a  glass- factory,  3  machine-shops,  a  flour-mill,  and  6 
newspaper  oflSces.     Pop.  in  1890,  10,966. 

East  Loch  Tar'bert  (or  Tarbet),  a  small  inlet  of 
Loch  Fyne,  Argyleshire,  Scotland.  It  approaches  withia 
1  mile  of  the  much  larger  West  Loch  Tarbert,  and  thus 
nearly  separates  Kintyro  from  the  mainland. 

East  Loch  Tar'bet,  an  inlet  on  the  E.  coast  of  the 
island  of  Lewis,  Scotland.  It  is  6  miles  long  by  4i  broad, 
and  closely  approaches  West  Loch  Tarbet. 

East  London,  Ifin'dpn,  a  seaport  of  Cape  Colony,  oil 
the  S.E.  coast,  at  the  mouth  of  Umzinyati  River,  28  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  King  William's  Town.  It  is  the  third  port  for 
export  trade  in  the  colony.  Pop.  2134.  Area  of  the  East 
London  district,  1707  square  miles.     Pop.  15,466. 

East  Long  Branch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monmouth  co., 
N.J.,  is  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  about  i  mile  E.  of  Long 
Branch,  and  i  mile  from  the  New  Jersey  Southern  Rail- 
road.    Here  are  several  hotels  and  2  churches. 

East  Longmeadow,  long-med'o,  a  post-hamlet  lu 
Longmeadow  township,  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  on  tho  Con- 
necticut Central  Railroad,  6J  miles  S.E.  of  Springfield.  It 
has  2  churches,  and  quarries  of  brown  sandstone. 

East  Looe,  a  town  of  England.     See  Look. 

East  Lo'wcll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  in 
Lowell  township,  6  miles  E,  of  Enfield  Station.  It  has  a 
grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

East  Lyme,  a  post-village  of  New  London  co,.  Conn,, 
about  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  New  London.  The  township  is 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  Long  Island  Sound,  and  intersected 
by  the  railroad  which  connects  New  Haven  with  New  Lon- 
don, It  has  a  church  and  manufactures  of  woollens,  cot- 
ton-batting, tweeds,  and  water-proofs,  and  contains  another 
village,  named  Niantic.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2048, 

East  Lyn'don,  a  post-office  of  Aroostook  co.,  Me. 

East  Lynn,  a  post-village  of  Vermilion  co..  III.,  on  the 
Wabash  Railroad  from  Bloomington  to  Lafayette,  Ind.,  66 
miles  E.  of  Bloomington.     It  has  a  church. 

East  Lynne,  lin,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Osage  division  of  the  Missouri,  Kansas  <fc  Texas  Railroad, 
59  miles  W.  of  Sedalia.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  lin- 
seed-oil mill,  a  planing-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  about  500. 

East  3IcDonough,  mak-dSn'gh,  a  post-oflSce  of  Cho- 
nango  co.,  N.Y, 

East  Machi'as,  a  post- village  of  Washington  co..  Me., 
in  East  Machias  township,  about  10  miles  from  the  At- 
lantic Ocean,  and  75  miles  E.  by  S.  from  Bangor.  It  is  at 
the  mouth  of  East  Machias  River,  which  enters  Machias 
Bay,  and  is  supported  partly  by  navigation,  ship-building, 
and  the  lumber-business.  It  has  a  money-order  post-office, 
an  academy,  and  several  churches.  Steamboats  ply  between 
this  place  and  Portland.     Pop.  700;  of  the  township,  2017. 

East  Macon,  ma'k(?n,  a  village  of  Bibb  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Ocmulgee  River,  opposite  Macon.  It 
is  a  part  of  that  city.  It  has  3  churches,  a  cotton-mill,  and 
the  machine-shops  of  the  Central  Railroad.     Pop.  675. 

East  Mad'ison,  a  post-hamlet  in  Madison  township, 
Somerset  co..  Me,,  6  miles  N.  of  Skowhcgan,  It  has  a 
church,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  slate-quarry. 

East  Madison,  a  post-hamlet  in  Madison  township, 
Carroll  co.,  N.H.,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Madison,  It  has  a  church, 
a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

East  Ma'hanoy',  a  station  in  Schuylkill  co,.  Pa,,  64 
miles  E.  of  Mahanoy  City  (which  is  reached  by  a  railroad 
tunnel),  on  the  East  Mahanoy  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of 
the  Catawissa  Railroad  and  the  Little  Schuylkill  Railroad. 

East  Maho'ning,  a  township  of  Indiana  co,.  Pa. 
Pop.  1139,  exclusive  of  Marion. 

East  Main,  a  region  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  be- 
longing to  the  North-West  Territories,  but  entirely  detached 
from  tho  main  portion  of  that  province.  It  consists  of 
that  part  of  the  Labrador  peninsula  of  which  the  waters 
flow  into  Hudson's  Bay  and  Hudson's  Strait.  The  bay  and 
strait  just  named  bound  it  on  the  W.  and  N.  respectively, 
on  the  E,  lies  Labrador  proper,  and  on  the  S.  the  province 
of  Quebec,  East  Main  is  a  region  of  the  wildest  and  most 
complete  desolation,  having  a  rocky  and  forbidding  surface, 


«A8 


1084 


%JLi 


»  Tet7  oold  elimata,  »nd  a  soantj  InJian  population,  among 
trlioin  (Inell  a  Tow  Catholic  iniMionarteA. 

£ast  Maiae*  a  pont-hamtet  of  Broome  oo.,  N.T.,  in 
Maine  townahip,  7  milon  N.N.W,  of  Uinghamton. 

East  Main  (or  Slade)  Uiver,  a  river  of  Labrador, 
•aten  Jamet  Day  on  itii  K.  «ide,  in  laU  52°  15'  N.,  Ion.  TS" 
41'  W.,  aftor  a  oourso  eatimuted  at  400  miles. 

East  Maitlaad,  Australia.    See  Maitland. 

Easfmaiiv  a  poHt-villnge,  capital  of  Dodge  co.,  Ga., 
OB  the  Maoun  A  Uruna^Tiok  Railroad,  56  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Maoon.  It  has  a  oourt-house,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper 
office,  2  lumber-nulli),  and  a  largo  hotel,  called  Uplands  Hotel, 
built  for  a  winter  resort.     Pop.  in  1890,  1082. 

Eastman^  a  post-bamlct  of  Itawamba  co.,  Mia<)..  12} 
Biles  E.  of  Fulton.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  t^nw-mill. 

EastmaUt  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co..  Wis.,  about 
12  miles  N.  of  Prairie  du  Chien.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
graded  school,  and  2  flour-mills.  Easttnnn  township  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Mississippi  lUver.     Pop.  1430. 

East  Man'chester,  a  hamlet  of  Bennington  co.,  V't., 
H  miles  from  Manchester.  It  is  at  the  base  of  the  Qrecn 
Mountains. 

£a8t'manville«  a  post-village  in  Polkton  township, 
Ottawa  CO.,  Mioh.,  on  Grand  River,  4  miles  from  Coopers- 
villo  St.ition,  and  about  22  miles  S.E.  of  Muskegon.    It  has 

2  churches,  a  planing-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  manufactures 
of  lumber,  wagons,  and  Vrooden  bowls.     Pop.  about  300. 

East  Mar'ion,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Southuld  township,  on  Long  Island  Sound,  2  or  3  miles  E. 
of  Groenport.     It  has  a  church  .and  a  windmill.     Pop.  350. 

East  Marlborough,  marrbur-ruh,  a  township  in 
Chester  Co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1401.     Post-office,  Unionville. 

East  Marsh'field,  a  post-village  of  Plymouth  co., 
Mass.,  in  MarshQeld  township,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad, 
near  the  ocean,  and  about  30  miles  S.E.  of  Boston.     It  has 

3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  shoes  and  bo.xes. 
East  Mar'tinsbiirg,  a  post-office  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y. 
East  Ma'sonville,  a  post-hamlct  of   Delaware  co., 

N.Y.,  in  Masonvillo  township,  3  miles  from  Sidney  Centre. 

East  Alauch  Chunk,  mawk  chunk',  a  post -borough 
of  Carbon  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Lehigh  River, 
and  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  opposite  Mauch  Chunk. 
It  is  surrounded  with  picturesque  scenery.  It  has  a  house 
of  fistersof  charity,  6  churches,  and  asilk-mill.     Pop,  2772. 

East  Medford,  Massachusetts.     See  Glenwood. 

East  Med'way,  a  rillnge  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Medway  township,  22  miies  by  rail  S.W.  of  Boston.  It  has 
a  church,  a  bell-foundry,  and  a  manufactory  of  organs. 

East  Mel'rose,  a  post-village  in  Jackson  township, 
Monroe  co.,  Iowa,  on  tne  Burlington  <fc  Missouri  River 
Railroad,  15  miles  E.  of  Chariton,  and  39  miles  W.  of  Ot- 
tumwa.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  and 
a  grist-mill.     Here  is  Melrose  Post-Office. 

East  Men'don,  a  village  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Men- 
don  township,  2i  miles  from  Fisher.     It  has  2  churches. 

East  Mer'cer,  a  post-office  of  Somerset  oo.,  Me.,  about 
2  miles  E.  of  Mercer. 

East  Mer'edith,  a  post-hamlet  in  Meredith  township, 
Delaware  CO.,  N.Y.,  10  miles  N.  of  Delhi.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  bar- 
rel-covers, carriages,  Ac.     Pop.  about  200. 

East  Aliddleborough,  Mass.    See  Eddyyille. 

East  Mid'dlebury,  a  post-village  of  Addison  co,,  Vt., 
in  Middlebury  township,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Middlobury,  and 
about  28  miles  N.  by  \V.  from  Rutland.  It  has  a  church, 
a  woollen-mill,  a  paw-mill,  a  sash-factory,  &e. 

East  Mid'dleton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dane  co..  Wis.,  7 
or  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Madison,  and  2J  miles  S.  of  Middle- 
ton  Station.     It  has  3  churches. 

East  Mi'lan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co,,  Mich.,  in 
Milan  township,  4  miles  N.  of  Dundee,  and  about  44  miles 
S.W.  of  Detroit.  It  is  on  the  projected  Toledo  &  Ann  Arbor 
Railroad.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bending-factory,  and  a  saw- 
mill.    Pop.  about  150. 

East  Miil'stone,  Somerset  co.,  N.J.,  is  a  part  of  the 
village  of  Millstone,  and  is  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Millstone 
River,  at  the  junction  of  the  Mercer  A  Somerset  Railroad 
with  the  Millstone  Branch  of  the  Camden  A  Ainboy  Rail- 
road, 8  miles  W.  of  New  Brunswick.  Here  is  East  Mill- 
stone Post-Office. 

East  Mil'ton,  a  post- village  in  Milton  township,  Nor- 
folk CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of 
Boston.     It  has  a  church  and  a  granite-quarry. 

East  Minneap'olis,  a  railroad  station  in  the  city  of 
Minneapolis,  Minn.,  E.  of  the  Mississippi  River. 

East  Mon'mouth,a  post-hamlet  in  Monmouth  town- 
ship, Kennebec  oo.,  Me.,  3  miles  from  Monmouth  Station. 


East  Monroe,  m^n-rO',  a  post-village  in  Fairfield 
township.  Highland  co.,  0.,  on  the  Marietta  A  Cincinnati 
Railroad,  30  miles  W.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  a  church,  a 
flouring-mill,  and  a  hotel.     Pop,  103, 

East  Montpe'lier,  a  post-village  in  East  Montpelior 
towni-hip,  Washington  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Winooski  River,  and 
on  the  Montpolier  A  Wells  River  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  uf 
Montpolier,  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  flannelc, 
lumher,  and  wagons.     Pop.  of  the  town.nhip,  953, 

East  Mor'iches,  a  post-village  in  Brookhaven  town- 
ship, Suffolk  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  S.  shore  of  Long  Island, 
about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Rivcrhead.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
dii'trict  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop,  about  460. 

East  Morrisa'nia,  a  locality  within  the  limits  of 
Now  York  City  (see  Morrisasia).  It  has  an  Ursuline  con- 
vent and  a  Catholic  academy. 

East  Mor'row,  a  village  in  Salem  township,  Warren 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Miami  River,  about  30  miles  N.E.  of  Cin>. 
cinnati.     It  is  adjacent  to  Morrow.     Pop.  262. 

East  Mount  Ver'non,  a  village  in  East  Chester 
township,  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.     Pop,  500, 

East  Nant'meal,  a  post-township  of  Chester  oo.,Pa., 
about  20  miles  S,S,E,  of  Reading,  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  920, 

East  Nassau,  nas-saw',  a  post-village  of  Rensselaer 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Nassau  township,  1  mile  from  Brainard  Sta- 
tion, and  about  18  miles  S.E.  of  Albany,     It  has  2  churches. 

East  Nebras'ka  City,  a  station  in  Fremont  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Missouri  River,  opposite  Nebraska  City,  and 
on  the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  A  Council  Bluffii  Railroad, 
39  miles  by  rail  below  Council  Bluffs,  or  88  miles  by  water. 
It  is  also  the  S.W.  terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  Burlington 
A  Missouri  River  Railroad. 

East  Nel'son,  a  township  of  Moultrie  co.,  111.  Pop. 
1021.     It  contains  Nelson  Station,  or  Farlow. 

East  Newark,  New  Jersey.    See  Harrisox. 

East  New'ark,  a  post-office  of  Caledonia  co.,  Vt. 

East  New'bern,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jersey  co.,  111., 
14  miles  N.W.  of  Alton.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  church. 

East  New'ficld,  a  post-office  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Geneva,  Ithaca  A  Sayre  Railroad,  6  miles  S,  of  Ithaca. 

East  New  Mar'ket,  a  post-village  of  Dorchester  co., 
Md,,  13  miles  by  rail  E,  by  N.  from  Cambridge,  and  about 

2  miles  from  the  Choptank  River.  It  has  3  churches  and 
a  high  school  or  seminary.  Much  fruit  is  canned  and 
shipped  here.     Pop.  about  500. 

East  New  Mil'ford,  a  post-hamlct  of  Susquehanna 
CO.,  Pa.,  4  miles  from  New  Milford  Station.  It  has  a 
church,  2  saw-mills,  Ac. 

East  New'port,  a  post-office  of  Penobscot  co..  Mo., 
and  a  station  on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  24  miles  W. 
of  Bangor. 

East  New  Port'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co,, 
Me,,  7  miles  N.W.  of  North  Anson.  It  has  a  church  and 
several  stores  and  shops. 

East  New  Sha'ron,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.. 
Me.,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Fariiiington. 

East  New  Vineyard,  vin'yard,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Franklin  co.,  Me.,  about  15  miles  E.  of  West  Freeman  rail- 
road station. 

East  New  York,  formerly  a  post-village  in  New  Lots 
township.  Kings  co.,  N.Y.  It  is  now  part  of  the  2f)th 
ward  of  Brooklyn,  to  which  city  the  township  of  New  Lots 
was  annexed  in  1886.  East  New  York  Station  is  on  the 
Long  Island  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  the  city  of  New  York. 

East  Nichols,  nik'9lz,  a  post-hamlct  of  Tioga  oo,, 
N.Y.,  6  miles  S.  of  Owego.     It  has  a  church. 

East  Nod'away,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  East  Branch  of  Nodaway  River,  and  on  the  Burling- 
ton A  Missouri  River  Railroad,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Corning. 

East  North'ficld,  a  post-office  of  Cook  co.,  III. 

East  Nortli'port,  a  post- village  and  summer  resort  ol 
Waldo  CO.,  Me.,  in  Northport  township,  on  Penobscot  Bay, 

3  miles  S.  of  Belfast.  It  has  a  public  hall,  a  hotel,  and  about 
50  cottages.     Here  is  the  Wesleyan  Grove  camp-ground. 

East  Northport,  Long  Island.    See  Gknola. 

East  North'wood,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co., 
N.H.,  in  Northwood  township,  about  20  miles  E.  of  Concord.- 
It  has  a  church,  2  stores,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

East  North  Yar'mouth,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland 
CO.,  Me. 

East  Nor'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bristol  co.,  Ma«s.,  in 
Norton  township,  on  the  New  Bedford  or  Boston,  Clinton  A 
Fitchburg  Railroad,  at  Norton  Station,  29  miles  S.  of  Bos- 
ton.    It  has  a  lumber-mill  and  a  shoe-factory. 

East  Nor'walk,  a  post-office  of  Huron  co.,  0.,  3  miles 
from  Norwalk. 


EAS 


1085 


EAS 


East  Nor'way,  a  post-hamlet  of  Doniphan  co.,  Kansas, 
on  the  St.  Joseph  &  Denver  City  Railroad,  18  miles  W.  of 
St.  Joscpfc.     Here  is  a  Norwegian  settlement. 

East  Norwe'gian,  a  township  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa., 
has  coal-mines,  and  is  traversed  by  various  railroads  cen- 
tring at  Pottsville.     Pop.  983. 

East  Nor'wich,  a  hamlet  of  Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  li 
miles  from  Norwich.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

East  Norwich,  a  post-village  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y., 
about  27  miles  E.N.E.  of  Brooklyn,  and  2  miles  from  Syos- 
set  Station.  It  has  a  church,  manufactures  of  lumber, 
agricultural  implements,  shingles,  Ac,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  about  500. 

East  Not'tingham,  a  township  of  Chester  co.,  Pa. 
Pop.  1305,  exclusive  of  a  part  of  Hopewell  (which  see). 

East  Oak'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  8 
miles  N.VV.  of  Batavia.  It  has  a  church,  a  district  school, 
and  a  sa'w-raili.     Pop.  about  100. 

East  Oak'land,  formerly  Brook'iyn,  is  a  ward  of 
Oakland  City,  Alameda  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Central  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 2  miles  E.  of  Oakland  Station.    It  contains  5  churches, 

2  tanneries,  2  potteries,  a  newspaper  office,  2  carriage-shops, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  jute  sacks.  The  site 
of  East  Oakland  is  high  and  undulating  ground  which 
affords  good  locations  for  residences.  It  is  separated  from 
the  other  portion  of  the  city  by  a  small  inlet  or  estuary  of 
the  Bay  of  San  Francisco. 

East  Oasis,  o-a'sis,  a  post-office  of  Waushara  co.,  Wis. 
-  East'on,  a  post-village  of  Fresno  co.,  Cal.,  6  miles  8. 
by  W.  of  Fresno.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  raisin-packing 
establishment.     Pop.  about  100. 

Easton,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co.,  Conn.,  in  Easton 
township,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Bridgeport.  The  township  has 
5  churches,  manufactures  of  paper  ware,  cigars,  spokes,  <fec. 
Here  are  several  mineral  springs.  Pop.  of  the  township, 
1001. 

Easton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mason  co..  111.,  in  Sherman 
township,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  <fc  Western 
Railroad,  12  miles  E.  of  Havana. 

'  Easton,  a  post-village  of  Leavenworth  co.,  Kansas,  on 
Stranger  Creek,  in  Easton  township,  and  on  the  Union  Pa- 
cific Railroad,  16  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Leavenworth.     It  has 

3  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1238. 

Easton,  a  post-village  of  Aroostook  co.,  Me.,  36  miles 
N.  of  Houlton.  It  has  3  churches,  a  starch-factory,  and  a 
grisl-mill.     Pop.  978. 

Eastou,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Talbot  co.,  Md.,  is 
near  a  navigable  inlet  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  81  miles  by  rail 
S.S.W.  of  Wilmington,  Del.,  and  about  50  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Baltimore,  It  has  a  court-house,  a  high  school,  2  national 
banks,  9  churches,  2  iron-foundries,  3  roller  flour-mills,  a 
washing-machine  factory,  2  canning-factories,  Ac,  and  is 
the  seat  of  a  Protestant  Episcopal  bishop.  Five  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  2939. 

Easton,  a  post-village  of  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  in  Easton 
township,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  25  miles  S.  of  Boston. 
It  has  6  churches,  2  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high 
school,  large  shovel-works,  thread-mills,  iron-foundries, 
and  a  wooden-heel  company.     Pop.  of  the  township,  4493. 

Easton,  a  post-village  of  Faribault  co.,  Minn.,  29  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Albert  Lea.  It  has  several  churches,  a  sem- 
inary, and  manufactures  of  butter  and  flour. 

Easton,  a  post- village  of  Buchanan  co.,  Mo.,  on  Maiden 
Creek,  and  on  the  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  Railroad,  12  miles 
E.  of  St.  Joseph.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
a  grist-mill.     Pop.  318. 

Easton,  a  post-village  of  Grafton  oo.,  N.H.,  15  miles 
N.E.  of  Haverhill.  It  has  a  church,  a  district  school,  and 
manufactures  of  lumber. 

Easton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Easton  township,  on  the  Greenwich  &  Johnson  ville  Railroad, 
27  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Albany.  It  has  a  church  and  the 
Marshall  Seminary.     Pop.  of  Easton  township,  2500. 

Easton,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  0.,  in  Chippewa 
township,  18  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Massillou.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  about  175. 

Easton,  a  city  and  the  capital  of  Northampton  co.. 
Pa.,  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  Delaware  River,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Lehigh,  67  miles  by  railroad  N.  of  Phila- 
delphia, 75  miles  W.  of  New  York,  and  17  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Allentown.  It  is  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Amboy  division,  and  on  the  Lehigh  <fc  Susquehanna 
Railroad,  which  connects  hero  with  the  Central  Railroad  of 
Now  Jersey  and  the  Belvidere  Delaware  Railroad.  It  is  also 
the  W.  terminus  of  the  Morris  &  Essex  Railroad.  A  bridge 
across  the  Delaware  connects  it  with  Phillipsburg,  in  New 
Jersey,  and  an  iron  bridge  across  the  Lehigh  connects  it 


with  South  Easton.  Easton  is  partly  built  on  the  sidei 
of  hills,  and  is  surrounded  by  picturesque  scenery.  It  it 
laid  out  in  rectangular  blocks,  with  a  public  square  in  the 
centre.  It  is  lighted  by  electricity  and  gas  and  supplied 
with  good  spring-water  distributed  in  pipes.  It  contains 
23  churches,  an  opera-house,  a  public  library,  3  academies, 
3  national  banks,  a  high  school,  and  printing  offices  which 
issue  3  daily  and  7  weekly  newspapers.  Here  is  Lafayette 
College  (Presbyterian),  which  was  organized  in  1831  and 
has  27  professors  and  about  300  students  annually.  Easton 
has  several  iron-furnaces,  rolling-mills,  machine-shops, 
foundries,  flouring-mills,  planing-mills,  organ-factories, 
saw-mills,  shoe-factories,  felting-works,  a  silk-mill,  and 
manufactures  of  locks,  ropes,  wire,  sheet-iron,  lumber,  fur- 
niture, Ac;  also  3  street-railway  companies.  It  is  situ- 
ated at  the  junction  of  the  Delaware,  Lehigh,  and  Morris 
Canals,  by  which  large  quantities  of  coal,  iron,  grain,  lum- 
ber, stone,  Ac,  are  received  and  exported.  Pop.  in  1890, 
14,481. 

Easton,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co..  Wis.,  about  30 
miles  N.W.  of  Portage  City.     It  has  a  flouring-mill. 

Easton  Corners,  New  York.    See  North  Eastox. 

East'on's,  a  station  in  Marshall  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  23  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Wheeling. 

Easton's  Corners,  a  post-village  in  Grenville  co., 
Ontario,  3  miles  from  Irish  Creek.     Pop.  260. 

East'onville,  a  post-village  of  El  Paso  co..  Col.,  about 
2fi  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Colorado  Springs.  It  has  2 
churches,  an  implement-factory,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
The  name  of  its  station  is  Easton.     Pop.  in  1890,  149. 

East  Or'ange,  a  village  of  Sioux  co.,  Iowa,  42  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Sioux  City.     It  has  2  churches. 

East  Orange,  a  post-town  east  of  the  city  of  Orange, 
Essex  CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Morris  A  Essex  Railroad,  3  miles 
AV.N.W.  of  Newark.  It  has  16  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  5  fine  public  school  buildings  of  brick,  which  cost,  in 
the  aggregate,  $250,000.  The  streets  are  lighted  with  gas. 
Here  are  numerous  fine  villas,  and  many  business  men  of 
New  York  reside  here.     Pop.  13,282. 

East  Orange,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Orange  township,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Bradford  Railroad  Sta- 
tion.    It  has  2  churches. 

East  Or'angeviUe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyoming  co., 
N.Y.,  2i  miles  W.  of  Warsaw.     It  has  a  cheese-factory. 

East  Or'land,  a  post-office  of  Cook  co.,  ifi. 

East  Or'leans,  a  posl-hamlet  of  Barnstable  co.,  Mass., 
in  Orleans  township,  1  mile  E.  of  Orleans  Station  on  tho 
Cape  Cod  Railroad,  and  about  1  mile  from  the  sea. 

East  Or'rington,  a  post- village  of  Penobscot  co..  Me., 
in  Orrington  township,  2^  miles  from  Brewer  Village.  It 
has  a  church,  a  tannery,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

East  O'tis,  a  hamlet  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  in  Otis 
township,  10  miles  W.  of  Russell.     It  has  14  dwellings. 

East  O'tisfield,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co..  Me. 

East  Ot'to,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
East  Otto  township,  about  38  miles  S.  by  E.  from  Buffalo. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  lumber-mill. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1288. 

Easto'ver,  a  post-village  of  Richland  co.,  S.C.,  20  miles 
by  rail  E.S.B.  of  Columbia.  It  has  2  churches,  a  public 
school,  and  a  pine-straw  bagging-factory.    Pop.  about  200. 

East  Faler'mo,  a  post-office  of  Waldo  oo..  Me. 

East  Palermo,  a  post-office  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y. 

East  Pal'estine,  a  post-village  of  Columbiana  co., 
0.,  33  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Alliance.  It  has  5  churches, 
a  high  school,  and  brick-,  tile-,  and  pottery-works.  Coal 
is  mined  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1816. 

East  Palmy'ra,  a  post- village  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y..  in 
Palmyra  township,  on  the  Erie  Canal,  and  on  the  New 
York  Central  Railroad,  about  27  miles  E.S.E.  of  Rochester. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 

East  Par'is,  a  village  of  Bourbon  co.,  Ky.,  near  Paris, 
the  county  seat.     Pop.  212. 

East  Paris,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  in  Paris 
township,  8  or  9  miles  S.E.  of  Grand  Rapids. 

East  Park,  a  post-office  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  1  mile 
E.  of  Hyde  Park. 

East  Par'ker,  a  village  of  Clarion  co..  Pa.,  in  Perry 
township,  on  tho  Alleghany  River,  which  separates  it  from 
Parker  City,  and  on  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  at 
Parker  Station,  41  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Franklin.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  hotel,  and  an  iron  bridge  over  the  river.  It  is 
the  N.E.  terminus  of  the  Karns  City  A  Parker  Railroad. 
Oil  is  found  near  this  place.     Here  is  Pollock  Post-Office. 

East  Par'sonfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co..  Me., 
in  Parsonfield  township,  about  35  miles  W.  of  PortlancJ, 
It  has  a  church,  3  stores,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  Ai. 


£A8 


1086 


EAS 


East  Pascaffoulay  .MiBsiulppI,  tba  aUtioa-BMn«  of 
Fascagoula. 

EaHt  PatiaiCf  X.J.,  i«  a  part  of  tbo  oity  of  Pasanto. 

East  Paw  Pnw»  a  p<Htt-villiv)(e  of  Do  Kalb  oo.,  III.,  2 
Biloa  fruin  the  Chicago  i  Uook  Kivor  Kiiilnuul,  and  about 
95  luiloa  W.  uf  Aurora,  it  is  partly  in  ho«  uo.  It  baa  a 
stiuroh  iind  a  olaaaioal  aouiinary. 

JBnst  Peni'brukef  a  poitt-uffica  of  Plyinoutb  00.,  Maaa. 

Enat  Pcnibruke,  a  )>ost-offioe  of  Morriinack  00.,  N.H. 

East  Pembroke*  a  |K>st-villug«  of  Uoneaoe  00.,  N.Y., 
la  Pembroko  Hnd  KiUuviu  townshipa,  od  the  New  York  Cen- 
tral llnilruatl,  ^U  iuilv!<  K.X.E.  of  llufluiu.  It  bas  3  cliurchoa, 
Sn  ac;ulouiy,  a  cbcosc-factory,  and  a  tlour-niill.     Pop.  166. 

East  Pen'dlctun,  a  |>ost-oiBoo  of  Sabine  pariab,  La. 

East  Pcu'Aeld*  a  ]>08t-bamlet  of  Monroe  00.,  N.Y., 
in  Penticid  towuabiii,  about  12  uilea  £.  of  Rochester.  It 
baa  2  ohurohea. 

East  Penn,  a  township  in  Carbon  co.,  Pa.,  bounded 
N.U.  by  the  Lehigh  Iliver,  and  traversed  by  the  Lebigb 
Vulley  Railroad.     Pop.  802. 

East  Penn  Juactiou.    See  Emaitb,  Pa. 

East  Peo'ria,  a  post-village  of  Tazewell  co.,  III.,  3 
milca  N.W.  of  Hilton.  It  bas  2  churches,  luanufucturea  of 
bricks,  and  ooal-mining. 

East  Pepin,  pip'in,  a  post-office  of  Pepin  00.,  Wis. 

East  Pcp'perell,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co., 
Ifass.,  on  or  near  the  Nashua  River,  about  14  miles  W.  of 
Lowell.     It  bas  a  pnper-uiill  and  a  shoe-factory. 

East  Peru',  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa,  1 
mile  N.E.  of  Peru. 

East  Pern,  a  post-office  of  Oxford  co,,  Me. 

East  Pe'tersburg,  a  post-villnge  of  Lancaster  co.. 
Pa.,  6  miles  N.  of  Lancaster.     It  has  6  churches. 

East  Pharsa'lia,apost-hamletof  Chenango  CO.,  N.Y., 
about  44  miles  S.S.E.  of  Syracuse.     It  has  2  churches. 

East  Pierrepont,  New  York.   See  IIannaway  Falls. 

East  Pike,  a  village  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.l'.,  3  miles 
S.AV.  of  Castile  Station. 

East  Pikc'laiid,  a  township  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Schuylkill  River.     Pop.  862. 

East  Pike  Run,  a  township  of  Washington  00.,  Pa. 
It  is  bounded  E.  by  the  Monongahela  River.  Pop.  817, 
exclusive  of  California,  Greenfield,  and  West  Brownsville. 
It  has  mines  of  coal. 

East  Pit'cairn,  a  post-office  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y. 

East  Pitts'tun,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kennebec  co.,  Me., 
In  PitUston  township,  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Augusta. 

East  Plaiiificid,  Michigan.     See  Austbrlitz. 

East  Plain'lield,  a  post-hamlct  of  Sullivan  co,,  N.II., 
in  Plainfiold  township,  4i  miles  S.  of  Lebanon. 

East  Plaiiificia,  a  hamlet  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.,  on 
Wills  Creek,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Zanesville.    It  has  2  churches. 

East  Platts'mouth,  a  post-hamlct  of  Mills  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Missouri  River,  opposite  Plattsmouth,  Neb.,  and  on 
the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  which  here 
crosses  the  river. 

East  Plym'outh,  a  hamlet  of  Litchfield  co.,  Conn.,  in 
Plymouth  township,  2  miles  from  Pequabuc  Station.  It 
bas  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  saw-mills. 

East  Plymouth,  n  post-office  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0. 

East  Poestcnkill,  poos't^n-kir,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Poestenkill  township,  12  miles  E. 
by  S.  of  Troy. 

East  Point,  an  inoorporated  poat-village  of  Fulton 
CO.,  (ia.,  6  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Atlnnta.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  public  school,  and  large  manufacturing  interests.  Pop. 
in  1890,  7:^8. 

East  Point,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Johnson 
CO..  Ky.,  5  miles  S.  of  Paintsville.     It  has  3  churches. 

East  Point,  a  shipping-point  of  Red  River  parish. 
La.,  on  Red  River,  120  miles  by  water  below  Shrevcport. 

East  Point,  a  fishing-hamlet  in  the  district  of  Burgeo 
and  La  Poile,  Newfoundland,  at  the  entrance  to  La  Poile 
Bay,  3  miles  from  La  Poile.     Pop.  fl6. 

East  Point,  or  Beaton's  Point,  a  post-village  in 
Iwings  CO.,  Prince  Edward  Island,  on  the  easterq  extremity 
of  the  island,  65  miles  from  Charlottetown.  It  has  a  light- 
bouse.     Pop.  1^0. 

East  Po'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Androscoggin  00., 
Me.,  in  Poland  township,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  32 
miles  N.  of  Portland.     The  station-name  is  Empire  Road. 

East'port,  a  post-village  of  Fremont  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Ponton  township,  on  the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  Red 
Oak  Branch  of  the  Burlington  A  Missouri  River  Railroad, 
about  4  milea  above  Nebraska  City,  It  bos  2  churches,  a 
graded  school,  <tc.     Pop.  134. 

Eastport,  a  port  of  entry  of  Washington  eo.,  Mo.,  ia 


on  Mooi«e  laland,  in  Pns8amaquo<ldy  Bay,  about  2J  milea 
S.S.E.  of  Calais,  and  100  miles  E.  of  Bangor.  The  ittluDd 
is  separated  from  the  mainland  by  a  narrow  channel,  which 
ia  eroaaed  by  a  bridge.  The  tide  rises  hero  about  25  fevt, 
and  preveata  the  harbor  from  being  obstructed  with  ice, 
The  town  ia  on  the  custom  frontier  of  the  United  States, 
aod  la  the  bead-quarters  of  the  American  aardiuc-ciinning 
industry.  It  ia  supported  by  fisheries,  coant-trade,  and 
mnnufauluring.  It  contains  8  ohurohea,  a  national  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  savings-bank,  and  the  Boyntou  High 
School.     Pop.  in  1800,  4U08. 

Eastport,  a  post-hamlot  of  Antrim  00.,  Mich.,  at  the 
head  of  Torch  Lake,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Traverse  City.  It 
has  3  church  organizations,  a  ahingle-mill,  a  lumber-mill, 
a  woollen-mill,  and  a  hardware-factory.     Pop.  about  200. 

Eastport,  a  villuge  of  Tishomingo  co.,  Miaa.,  about  25 
milea  E.  by  S.  from  Corinth. 

Eastport,  a  post-villuge  of  Sufiolk  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Brook, 
haven  and  Southampton  townships,  on  the  Long  Island 
Railroad,  about  70  miles  E.  of  New  York.  It  has  u  church, 
2  saw-mills,  a  grist-mill,  a  manufactory  of  wintergreen  oil, 
and  2  hotels.     Pop.  about  400. 

Eastport,  a  hamlet  in  Mill  township,  Tuscarawaa  co,, 
0,,  3  miles  N.  of  Uhrichsville.     Pop,  25. 

Eastport,  a  village  of  Coos  co.,  Oregon,  60  miles  W. 
of  Roseburg,     It  has  a  church.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

East  Port'al,  a  station  in  Florida  township,  Berkshire 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  DeerQold  River,  and  on  the  Troy  A,  Green- 
field Railroad,  at  ibe  eastern  entrance  to  the  Iloosoc  Tun- 
nel, and  7  miles  E.  of  North  Adams. 

East  Port  Ches'ter,  a  village  of  Fairfield  co.,  Conn., 
in  Greenwich  township,  on  Byron  River,  i  mile  from  Port 
Chester,  N.Y.     It  has  2  churches  and  3  stores. 

East  Port'land,  a  post-villnge  of  Multnomah  co., 
Oregon,  on  the  E.  hank  of  the  Willamette  River,  opposite 
Portland,  and  on  the  Oregon  &  California  Railroad.    Ithaa 

2  churches.    P.  in  1870,830;  in  1880,2934;  in  1890,  10,532. 

East  Poult'ney,  a  post-village  of  Rutland  co.,Vt.,  on 
Poultney  River,  in  Poultney  township,  IJ  miles  from  Poult- 
ney  Station,  and  about  13  miles  S.W.  of  Rutland.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  cheese-factory,  a  tannery,  Ac. 

East  Prairie,  pra'rce,  a  post-village  of  Mississippi 
CO.,  Mo.,  18  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Bird's  Point,  and  10 
miles  (direct)  S.  of  Charleston.    It  has  5  churches.    P.  400. 

East  Priuce'ton,  a  post- village  of  Worcester  co.; 
Mass.,  in  Princeton  township,  16  miles  N.  of  Worcester. 
It  has  a  public  hall,  2  chair-factories,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

East  Pros'pect,  a  post-borough  of  York  co..  Pa.,  in 
Lovyer  Windsor  township,  about  1  mile  W.  of  the  Susque- 
hanna River,  and  12  miles  E.  of  York,  It  has  a  church,  a 
wgar-factory,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  261. 

East  Prov'idence,  a  township  of  Bedford  co..  Pa., 
bounded  W.  by  the  Raystown  Branch  of  the  Juniata,  and 
traversed  by  the  Huntingdon  &  Broad  Top  Railroad.  Pop. 
in  1800,  1475. 

East  Providence,  a  hamlet  of  East  Providence  town- 
ship, Providence  CO.,  R.I.     Pop.  171. 

Kast  Providence,  a  post-township  of  Providence  co., 
R.I.,  is  separated  from  the  city  of  Providence  by  the  See- 
konk  or  Blackstone  River,  and  is  situated  along  the  W. 
bank  of  the  river  and  Narragansett  Bay.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Providence  A  Bristol,  Boston  A  Providence,  and 
other  railroads,  and  has  large  chemical-works,  paper-works, 
and  manufactures  of  boots  and  shoes  and  show-cases.  It 
contains  2  large  villages,  named  Watchemoket  and  Rum- 
ford.     Pop.  of  township,  8422. 

East  Prussia,  priish'yij,  the  most  N.E.  province  of 
Prussia,  enclosed  by  the  Baltic  Sea,  Russian  Poland,  and  the 
province  of  West  Prussia.  Area,  14,220  square  miles.  It 
nearly  corresponds  to  the  original  dukedom  of  Prussia.  It 
comprises  the  two  districts  of  Ktinigsberg  and  Gumliinnen, 
Capital,  Konigsberg,  It  is  an  old  division,  restored  in  1873 
as  a  province  of  the  realm.     Pop.  1,856,421. 

East  Put'uam,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windham  co..  Conn., 

3  miles  S.E,  of  Putnam  Station,  and  about  28  miles  N,N.E. 
of  Norwich.     It  has  a  church. 

East  Put'ney,  a  post-village  of  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  is 
on  the  Connecticut  Iliver,  and  on  the  Central  Vermont  Rail- 
road, in  Putney  township,  3  milea  N,  of  Putney  Station. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1075. 

£ast  Kandolph,  Massachusetts.    See  Holbrook. 

East  Kan'dolph,  a  poat-village  of  Cattaraueus  co., 
N.Y.,  10  miles  (direct)  S.S.W.  of  Little  Valley,  and  2i  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Randolph  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  2  flouring-mills,  a  tannery,  a  saw-mill, 
a  foundry,  and  the  Chamberlain  Institute.    Pop.  about  700. 

East  Randolph,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  in 


EA8 


108T 


EAS 


Randolph  township,  on  the  Second  Branch  of  White  River, 
25  miles  S.  of  Montpelier.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  200. 

East  Raymond,  ra'mond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumber- 
land CO.,  Mo.,  in  Raymond  township,  about  24  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Portland. 

East  Redwood,  California.     See  Hayes. 

East  Rich'ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  oo.,  Vt.,  on 
the  Missisquoi  River,  and  on  the  Southeastern  Railroad,  26 
miles  N.W.  of  Newport.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  and 
a  manufactory  of  wooden-ware. 

East  Rich'land,  a  post-village  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  in 
Richland  township,  3  miles  N.  of  Warnock  Station,  and  15 
miles  W.  of  Bellaire.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

East  Riiidge,  rinj,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cheshire  oo., 
N.II.,  about  24  miles  S.E.  of  Kccno.  It  has  manufactures 
of  brooms,  lumber,  and  boxes. 

East  Ringgold,  Pickaway  co.,  0.    See  Ringgold. 

East  Ri'o,  a  station  in  Columbia  co.,  AVis.,  on  theMil- 
Kaukec  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Portage. 

East  River,  New  York,  is  a  strait  which  separates  the 
•Ity  of  New  York  from  Brooklyn  and  connects  Long  Island 
Gk>und  with  New  York  Bay.  It  is  about  10  miles  long,  and 
i  mile  wide  at  the  narrowest  part,  which  is  between  Brook- 
lyn and  the  lower  end  of  New  York,  nearly  2  miles  N.E.  of 
the  Battery.  This  river  is  navigable  by  large  ships.  It 
encloses  BlackwcU's,  AVard's,  and  Randall's  Islands. 
•  East  River,  a  post-village  of  New  Haven  oo.,  Conn., 
to  the  Shore  Line  Railroad,  18  miles  E.  of  New  Haven. 

East  River,  a  township  of  Page  co.,  Iowa,  traversed 
by  the  Nodaway  and  its  East  Fork.     Pop.  909. 

East  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cortland  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
East  Brunch  of  Tiougliuioga  River,  5  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of 
Portland.     It  has  a  roller  flour-mill  and  a  cider-mill. 

East  River,  a  post-village  of  Mercer  co.,  AV.  Va.,  7 
<niles  (direct)  S.S.E.  of  Princeton,  and  about  li  miles  E. 
of  Ingleside.     It  has  a  mill  and  a  general  store. 

East  Riv'erside,  a  post-village  of  San  Bernardino  co., 
Cal.,  9  miles  by  rail  S.  of  San  Bernardino,  and  121  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  San  Diego.     It  has  a  general  store. 

East  Riverside,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co..  Pa., 
situated  on  the  E.  or  right  bank  of  the  Monongahela  River, 
ttbout  11  miles  (direct)  \V.  by  N.  of  Uniontown. 

East  Riv'orton,  a  post-offico  of  Mason  co.,  Mich.,  11 
ifliles  E.S.E.  of  Ludington. 

East  Roch'ester,  a  post- village  of  Strafford  co.,  N.H., 
in  Rochester  township,  on  Salmon  River,  and  on  the  Port- 
Ijind  &  Rochester  Railroad,  49  miles  AV.S.AV.  of  Portland, 
Me.,  and  3  miles  E.  of  Rochester.  It  has  3  churches,  and 
qianufacturcs  of  woollen  goods  and  shoes.     Pop.  about  400. 

East  Rochester,  a  post-village  of  Columbiana  co., 
0.,  in  AVest  township,  on  the  Cleveland  <fc  Pittsburg  Rail- 
road, 14  miles  S.  of  Alliance.     It  has  2  churches. 

East  Rock'away,  a  post-village  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Hempstead  township,  1  mile  from  Pearsall's  Railroad 
Station,  and  about  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Brooklyn.  It  has  a 
church  and  2  grist-mills.     It  is  on  the  sea-coast. 

East  Rock'port,  a  post-office  of  Cuyahoga  co.,  0. 

East  Rod'man,  or  Whitesville,  whits'vil,  a  post- 
hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Rodman  township,  9  miles 
S.  of  AVatertown.  It  has  a  church  and  a  iiour-mill.  The 
post-office  is  East  Rodman.     Pop.  60. 

East  Rox'bury,  a  post-hamlet  of  AV^ashington  co.,  Vt., 
in  Ro.xbury  township,  5  miles  S.  of  Northfield  Station.  It 
has  a  church. 

East  Roy'aity,  a  village  in  Queens  co.,  Prince  Edward 
Island,  3  miles  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  130. 

East  Ru'Io,  a  post-office  of  Holt  co..  Mo. 

East  Rum'ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  on 
the  Androscoggin  River,  40  miles  N.N.AA''.  of  Lewiston. 

East  Ru'pert,  a  post-hamlct  of  Bennington  co.,  A''t., 
in  Rupert  township,  on  the  Pawlet  River,  about  28  miles 
S.S.AV.  of  Rutland.     It  has  a  cheese-factory. 

East  Rush,  a  village  of  Now  York.    See  Rush. 

East  Rush,  a  post- village  of  Susquehanna  co..  Pa.,  13 
miles  (direct)  S.E.  of  Montrose,  and  5  miles  (direct)  AV.  of 
Hunter  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  saw-  and  grist-mill. 

East  Rush'ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.  Y., 
in  Rushford  township,  about  25  miles  S.  of  Warsaw.  It  has 
a  church,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  sash,  and  blinds. 

East  Rushville,  Fairfield  co.,  0.    See  Rushville. 

East  Rye'gate,  a  post-office  of  Caledonia  co.,  Vt. 

East  Sag'iuaw,  formerly  a  separate  and  distinct  city 
of  Saginaw  co.,  Mich.,  but  incorporated  with  the  city  of 
Saginaw  by  an  act  of  the  legislature  of  1889,  which  came 
into  operation  in  March,  1890. 

East  Saint  Clair,  a  township  of  Bedford  oo^  Pa. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1148.  >.u  li     .«v<>u3t/i 


East  Saint  Cloud,  a  station  on  the  northern  division 
of  the  St.  Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad,  74  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Paul, 
Minn.,  and  on  the  Mississippi  River,  opposite  St.  Cloud. 
Here  are  fine  granite-quarries,  also  a  grain-elevator;  and 
a  good  bridge  connects  the  place  with  St.  Cloud. 

East  Saint  Johnsbury,  jSnz'b^r-re,  a  station  in 
Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Portland  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad, 
4  miles  B.  of  St.  Johnsbury. 

East  Saint  Lou'is,  an  incorporated  town  of  St.  Clair 
CO.,  III.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  opposite  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
It  is  a  terminus  of  13  important  railroads,  the  trains  of 
which  here  cross  the  river  on  a  grand  steel  bridge  (see  St. 
Louis).  It  is  the  seat  of  St.  Aloysius  College  (Romaic 
Catholic),  founded  in  186S,  and  of  a  Catholic  academy,  and 
contains  6  churches,  2  banks,  a  public  library,  a  Baptist 
college,  and  a  high  school.  It  has  a  brewery,  a  rolling-mill, 
a  car-factory,  a  nail-factory,  gas-works,  a  soda-factory, 
malleable  iron-works,  and  a  glass-factory.  Here  are  stock- 
yards which  are  the  largest  in  the  United  States.  (See 
National  Stock-Yaiids.)  One  daily  and  4  weekly  news- 
papers are  published  here.  Pop.  in  1880,  9186;  in  1890, 
15,169. 

East  Salamanca,  New  York.    See  Salamanca. 

East  Sa'lem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Battenkill  River,  2  miles  from  Shushan  Station,  and 
about  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
woollen-mill.     Pop.  about  75. 

East  Salem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Juniata  co.,  Pa.,  42^ 
miles  N.AV.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a  common 
school,  a  creamery,  and  several  general  stores  and  busineea 
houses.     Pop.  about  100. 

East  Salisbury,  sawlz'b^r-e,  a  post-village  of  Essex 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Eastern  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Amesbury  Branch,  2  miles  N.  of  Newburyport.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  manufactory  of  boots  and  shoes. 

East  Sand'wich,  a  post-village  in  Sandwich  town- 
ship, Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  about  60  miles  S.E.  of  Boston. 
It  has  a  church. 

East  San'dy,  a  hamlet  of  Venango  oo.,  Pa.,  on  tho 
Alleghany  River,  and  on  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  13 
miles  S.  of  Oil  City.  It  is  a  centre  of  petroleum  production, 
and  has  a  flouring-mill. 

East  Sangerville,  sang'g^r-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pis- 
cataquis CO.,  Me.,  3  miles  (direct)  W.  by  S.  of  Dover.  It 
has  a  cheese- factory,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

East  Saugatuck,  saw^ga-tuk',  a  post-hamlet  of  Al- 
legan CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Chicago  <t  West  Michigan  Railroad, 
21  miles  N.  of  Grand  Junction.  It  has  a  church,  district 
schools,  and  charcoal-works,  and  is  situated  a  short  dis- 
tance E.  of  the  village  of  Saugatuck. 

East  Saugus,  saw'g&s,  a  post-village  of  Essex  eo., 
Mass.,  in  Saugus  township,  on  the  sea-ooast,  10  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Boston,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  tho  Saugus  Branch 
of  the  Eastern  Railroad.  It  has  a  church  and  7  shoe-factories. 

East  Schodack,  sko-dak',  a  post-hamlet  of  Rensselaer 
CO.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  E.N.E.  of  Schodack  Station,  and  about 

12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy, 
a  saw-mill,  and  manufactures  of  vinegar,  cider,  and  horse- 
radish.    Pop.  about  175. 

East  Schuyler,  ski'l^r,  a  post-village  of  Herkimer 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Mohawk  River,  1  mile  from  Frankfort 
Station,  and  about  10  miles  S.E.  of  Utica.     Pop.  100. 

East  Scott,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cortland  oo.,  N.Y.,  about 
8  miles  (direct)  N.  by  W.  of  Cortland.  It  has  a  mill  and 
a  wagon- factory. 

East  Sea*    See  Dbad  Sea  and  Baltic  Sea. 

East  Seba'go,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co..  Me., 
in  Sebago  township,  4  miles  N.  of  East  Baldwin  Station. 
It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

East  Seneca,  sen'e-ka,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erieeo.,  N.Y., 

13  miles  (direct)  E.S.E.  of  Bufi'alo. 

East  Setauket,  se-taw'ket,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Long  Island  Sound,  and  on  the  Long  Island 
Railroad,  50  miles  E.  of  New  York.     Pop.  in  1880,  684. 

East  Sham'burg,  a  hamlet  of  A'enango  co..  Pa.,  in 
Oil  Creek  township,  3  miles  from  Miller  Farm  Station.  It 
has  a  machine-shop. 

East  Sha'ron,  a  post-office  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass. 

East  Sharon,  a  post-office  of  Potter  co..  Pa. 

East  Shel'burne,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co., 
Mass.,  6  miles  AV.  of  Greenfield. 

East  Shel'by,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orleans  co.,  N.T., 
about  36  miles  AV.  of  Rochester. 

East  SheI'don,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Sheldon  township,  about  37  miles  N.E.  of  Burlington.    It 
has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 
,     East  Shoreham,  shOr'^m,  a  post-hamlet  of  Addiaol 


SA^ 


108^ 


%X« 


M^  Vt,  in  Bhoreham  township,  on  the  Central  Vermont 
Bailroftd,  9  milea  E.  of  Tieondorogis  N.Y. 

£ast  8idet  »  atation  in  Carroll  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chi- 
tUFP  A  Northwestern  lUilrood,  4  niilos  £.  of  Arcadia. 
^East  Side«  a  nost-offico  of  Alpena  co.,  Mich. 

JBast  Side  Puo'nico  Ilar'bor,  a  post-village  in  Yar- 
mouth CO.,  Nova  Sootia,  12  miles  from  Uarrington.    P.  140. 

East  Sid'ney«  a  village  of  Shelby  co.,  0.,  on  the  cast 
bank  of  the  Miami  River,  opposite  Sidnoj.  It  has  a  flour- 
mill.     Pop.  about  160. 

Kast  Smith'lield,  a  post-village  of  Bradford  co..  Pa., 
in  Smithfield  township,  about  50  miles  N.N.E.of  Williams- 
port.     It  hiu  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  foundry. 

£ast  Somervillef  stim'm^r-vil,  a  village  of  Middle- 
sex CO.,  Mass.,  in  the  city  of  Somerville,  1  mile  by  rail  N.W. 
of  Boston.     It  has  a  carriage-factory  and  a  foundry. 

East  Sound)  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  San 
Juan  CO.,  Washington,  on  Orcas  Island  and  on  Pugot  Sound, 
20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Wbatoom.  It  has  2  churches  and  an 
academy.     Pop.  about  300. 

East  Spring'field,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  oo.,  N.H. 

£a!>it  Springfield,  a  post-village  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y., 
about  32  miles  8.K.  of  Utica.     It  has  a  church. 

East  Springfield,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  0., 
about  15  miles  N.W.  of  Stcubenville.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  flouring-mill,  and  a  public  school.     Pop.  197. 

East  Springfield,  a  post-villago  in  Springfield  town- 
ship, Erie  co.,  Pa.,  about  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Erie,  and  3 
miles  from  Lake  Erie.  It  has  a  tannery,  a  grist-mill,  and 
a  drug-store. 

East  Springhill,  Bradford  co..  Pa.    See  Silvara. 

East  Spring'port,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Mich. 

East  Steu^ben',  a  post-office  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Utica  &  Black  Kiver  Railroad,  25  miles  N.  of  Utica. 

East  Stock'holm,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co., 
N.Y.,  3  miles  from  Brasher  Falls  Station.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  lumber-mill.    Here  is  Stockholm  Post-Office. 

East  Stoneham,ston'iim,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oxford  co., 
Me.,  in  Stoneham  township,  about  18  miles  W.  of  Paris.  '  It 
has  a  manufactory  of  spools. 

East  Stoughton,  sto't^n,  a  village  of  Norfolk  oo., 
ilass.,  17  miles  S.  of  Boston. 

East  Strouds'burg,  a  post-borough  of  Monroe  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Delaware  &  Lackawanna  Railroad  (Strouds- 
burg  Station),  about  2i  miles  W.  of  Delaware  Water  Gap. 
It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  silk-mill, 
a  knitting-mill,  glass-works,  a  tannery,  boiler-works,  a 
furniture-factory,  <te.     Pop.  1819. 

East  Sul'livan,  a  post-bamlet  of  Hancock  co.,  Me., 
fn  Sullivan  township,  on  the  sea-coast,  about  40  miles  S.E. 
of  Bangor.     It  has  a  granite-quarry  and  a  lumber-mill. 

East  Sullivan,  a  post-hamlct  of  Cheshire  co.,  N.II.,  in 
Sullivan  township,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Keene.  It  has  a  church, 
a  tannery,  and  a  saw-mill. 

East  Sum'ner,  a  post-village  of  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  on 
the  Portland  &  O.vford  Central  Railroad,  about  52  miles  N. 
of  Portland.     It  has  2  churches. 

East  Sur'ry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co..  Me.,  in 
Surry  township,  on  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  at  the  mouth  of 
Union  River,  3  miles  S.  of  Ellsworth.     It  has  a  ship-yard. 

East  Swan'ton,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Swanton 
township,  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Portland  &  Ogdensburg 
Railroad  and  the  Vermont  &  Canada  Railroad,  9  miles  N. 
of  St.  Albans. 

East  Swan'zey,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cheshire  co.,  N.H., 
3  miles  from  Marlborough  Depot.  It  has  a  manufactory  of 
wooden-ware. 

East  Syc'amore,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  3 
miles  from  Lockland. 

East  Syracuse,  slr'q,-k1iz,  a  post-village  of  Onondaga 
CO.,  N.Y.,  and  a  station  on  the  Syracuse  &  Chenango  Rail- 
road, 4  miles  from  Syracuse.     Pop.  in  1880,  1099. 

East  Tann'ton,  a  post-village  in  Taunton  township, 
Bristol  CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Taunton  River,  and  on  the  Mid- 
dleborough  &  Taunton  Railroad,  about  35  miles  S.  of  Bos- 
ton.    It  is  the  seat  of  important  manufactures. 

East  Tawas,  taw'was,  a  post-village  of  Iosco  co., 
Mich.,  in  Baldwin  township,  on  Saginaw  or  Tawas  Bay,  near 
Lake  Huron,  1  mile  N.E.  of  Tawas  City,  and  about  52  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Bay  City.  It  has  4  churches  and  a  union  school. 
Ijarge  quantities  of  lumber  are  procured  near  it  and  ex- 
ported in  vessels.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  3  saw-mills,  a 
money-order  post-office,  2  foundries  with  machine-shops, 
uod  2  planing-mills.  Pop.  about  900. 
,  East  Templeton,  tem'p'l-tpn,  a  post-village  of  Wor- 
cester CO.,  Mass.,  in  Templeton  township,  about  13  miles  AV. 
of  Fitchbtirg.    It  is  2  miles  from  Templeton  Railroad  Sta- 


tion.   It  has  a  church,  a  high  school,  and  manufactures  of 
chairs,  furniture,  and  toys. 

East  Templeton,  a  post-village  in  Ottawa  co.,  Que- 
bec, on  the  Ottawa  River,  8  miles  below  Ottawa.  It  has  a 
good  lumber-trade  and  3  saw-mills.     Poi>.  175. 

East  Tex'as,  a  nost-hamlet  of  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Lower  Macungie  townsnip,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Allentown.  It 
has  2  churches. 

East  Thet'ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Genesee  co.,  Mioh., 
about  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Flint.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
lumber-mill. 

East  Thetford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Thetford  township,  at  Thetford  Station. 

East  Thompson,  tomp'spn,  a  post-village  of  Windham 
CO.,  Conn.,  63  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Boston.     It  has  a  church. 

East  Thorn'dike,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waldo  co..  Me., 
8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Belfast.  It  has  5  church  organizations. 
Pop.  about  200. 

East  Til 'ton,  a  post- village  of  Belknap  co.,  N.II.,  in 
Tilton  township,  on  the  Winnepesaukee  River,  and  on  the 
Boston,  Concord  <t  Montreal  Railroad,  21  i  miles  N.  of  Con- 
cord. It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  excelsior  (a 
wood  fibre  for  mattresses),  flour,  and  lumber. 

East  Ti'tusville,  Pennsylvania,  is  a  station  on  the 
Dunkirk,  Alleghany  Valley  A  Pittsburg  Railroad,  li  miles 
E.  of  Titusville. 

East  Tole'do,  a  post-village  of  Lucas  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Maumeo  River,  nearly  opposite  Toledo.  It  is  on  the  Lake 
Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  and  several  other  railroads. 

East'town,  a  township  in  Chester  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  736. 

East  Towns'end,  a  post-village  of  Huron  co.,  0.,  in 
Townsend  township,  6  miles  (direct)  E.  of  Norwalk,  and 
about  1  mile  S.  of  Collins  Station.  It  has  a  church,  a 
graded  school,  and  2  pump-factories.     Pop.  about  275. 

East  Troups'barg,  a  post-bamlet  of  Steuben  co., 
N.Y.,  about  40  miles  W,  of  Elmira.     It  has  2  churches. 

East  Troy,  a  post-office  of  Waldo  co..  Me. 

East  Troy,  a  post-village  in  Troy  township,  Bradford 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  Sugar  Creek,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Troy,  and  about 
15  miles  W.  of  Towanda.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  machine-shop,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

East  Troy,  a  post-village  of  Walworth  co.,  Wis.,  in 
East  Troy  township,  on  Honey  Creek,  about  32  miles  S.W. 
of  Milwaukee.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  and 
manufactures  of  butter,  cheese,  and  flour.  Pop.  402.  The 
township  contains  several  small  lakes.     Pop.  1406. 

East  Trum'bull,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0., 
3  miles  from  Rock  Creek  Station,  and  about  45  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Cleveland.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  &c.  Pop. 
about  300. 

East  Tur'ner,  a  post-office  of  Androscoggin  co..  Me. 

East  Tyrone,  ti-ron',  a  post-hamlet  of  Blair  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Snyder  township,  on  the  Bald  Eagle  Valley  Branch  Rail- 
road, li  miles  N.E.  of  Tyrone.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
brick-yard.     Pop.  about  300. 

East  Union,  yun'yun,  a  hamlet  of  Nicholas  co.,  Ky., 
7  miles  from  Carlisle.     It  has  2  churches. 

East  Union,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  oo..  Me.,  in  Union 
township,  8  miles  N.  of  Warren.  It  has  a  carriage-shop 
and  a  furniture-factory. 

East  Union,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carver  co.,  Minn.,  4J 
miles  S.W.  of  Carver  Station,  It  has  a  church  and  an 
academy. 

East  Union  (New  Guilford  Post-Office),  a  village  of 
Coshocton  CO.,  0.,  in  Perry  township,  about  22  miles  N.E. 
of  Newark.  .  It  has  2  churches  and  2  stores. 

East  Union  (MoCleary  Post-Office),  a  villaf,o  of  Noble 
CO.,  0.,  in  Stock  township,  8  miles  E.N.E,  of  Caldwell,  and 
about  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Zanesville.  It  has  a  graded  school, 
a  church,  a  steam  flouring-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  3  dry-goods 
stores.     Pop,  857. 

East  Union,  a  post-township  of  Wayne  co,,  0,,  about 
24  miles  W.  of  Canton,  is  intersected  by  the  Cleveland, 
Mount  Vernon  &  Columbus  Railroad.  Pop.  1865.  .  East 
Union  Post-Office  is  4  miles  E.  of  Wooster. 

East  Union,  a  township  of  Schuylkill  co,,  Pa.  Pop. 
614.     It  contains  Girard  Manor,  and  has  coal-mines. 

East  U'nity,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.H.,  5 
miles  S.W.  of  Newport.  It  has  a  mineral  spring,  a  hotel, 
and  a  saw-mill. 

East  Vale,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Stafford,  near 
Longton,  in  the  borough  of  Stoke-upon-Trent,     Pod.  1409. 

East  Val'ley,  a  post-office  of  McKean  co.,  Pa.,  3  milea 
from  Smethport. 

East  Var'ick,  a  post-bamlet  of  Seneca  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Varick  township,  on  Cayuga  Lake,  15  or  16  miles  S.E.  of 
.Geneva,     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 


EAS 


1089 


EAT 


East  Vas'salborough,  a  post-village  in  Vassal- 
borough  township,  Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  on  China  Lake, 
about"  14  miles  N.E.  of  Augusta.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
lumber-mill,  a  tannery,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  250. 

£iist  Venice,  ven'is,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cayuga  co., 
N.Y.,  18  miles  S.  of  Auburn. 

East  Vic'tor,  a  hamlet  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Victor 
township,  li  miles  from  Victor  Station.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

East  View,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Hardin  co., 
Ky.,  on  the  Louisville,  Paducah  &  Southwestern  Railroad, 
64  miles  S.  of  Louisville.     Here  is  a  church. 

East'ville,  a  post-village  and  port  of  entry,  capital  of 
Northampton  co.,  Va.,  is  on  a  narrow  peninsula  between 
the  Atlantic  and  Chesapeake  Bay,  about  45  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Norfolk,  and  2  miles  from  the  sea.  It  has  3  churches,  2 
carriage-shops,  and  5  stores.     Pop.  about  150. 

East'ville,  a  post-village  in  Colchester  co.,  Nova  Sco- 
tia, 23  miles  from  Brookfleld.     Pop.  250. 

East  Vin'cent,  a  township  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Schuylkill.     Pop.  1961.     It  contains  Spring  City. 

East  Vine'Iand,  a  hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.J., 
3  miles  from  Landisville,  and  4  miles  E.  of  Vineland. 

East  Vir'gil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cortland  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Virgil  township,  IJ  miles  from  Messengerville  (State  Bridge 
Station).     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

East  Waco,  wa'ko,  a  village  of  McLennan  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  river  Brazos,  opposite  Waco.     Pop.  612. 

East  Wake'fiela,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  N.H. 

East  Wakefield  Depot,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co., 
N.H.,  on  the  Conway  division  of  the  Eastern  Railroad,  103 
miles  N.  of  Boston. 

East  Wales,  a  post-office  of  Androscoggin  co..  Me. 

East  Waliingford,  w3,l'ling-ford,  a  post- hamlet  of 
Now  Haven  co.,  Conn.,  on  the  New  Haven  &  Middletown 
Railroad,  13  miles  N.  by  E.  of  New  Haven. 

East  Waliingford,  a  post- village  of  Rutland  co.,  Vt., 
on  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  13  miles  S.  of  Rutland. 
It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  &c. 

East  Walpole,  wfil'pol,  a  post-village  of  Norfolk  co., 
Mass.,  in  Walpole  township,  1  mile  from  Tilton's  Station, 
and  7  miles  (direct)  S.  by  W.  of  Dedham.  It  has  2  churches, 
2  paper-mills,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  about  300. 
,  East  Ware'ham,  a  post-village  of  Plymouth  co., 
Mass.,  in  Wareham  township,  on  the  Cape  Cod  Railroad  (at 
I.Agawam  Station),  51  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Boston.  It  has  a 
Ijurch,  a  foundry,  a  rolling-mill,  and  a  nail-factory. 

East  War'ren,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co,  Vt., 
Warren  township,  5  miles  W.  of  Roxbury.     It  has  a 
Ithnrch. 

East  Wash'burn,  a  post-office  of  Aroo.stook  co.,  Me., 
ion  the  Ar.oostook  River. 

East  Wash'ington,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co., 
N.H.,  in  Washington  township,  about  28  miles  W.  of  Con- 
cord.    It  has  2  churches. 

East  Wat'erborongh,  a  post-office  of  York  co..  Me. 

East  Wat'erford,  a  post-village  of  Juniata  co.,  Pa., 
16  miles  S.W.  of  Port  Royal.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  200. 

East  Wat^erioo',  a  township  in  Black  Hawk  ool, 
Iowa.     Pop.  883,  exclusive  of  AVaterloo. 
.   East  Wat'ertown,  a  station  in  Middlesex  oo.,  Mass., 
on  the  Watertown  Branch  of  the  FitchWurg  Railroad,  7 
miles  W.  of  Boston. 

East  Watertown,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y. 

East  Wa'verly.  a  station  on  the  Geneva,  Ithaca  & 
Sayre  Railroad,  near  Waveuly,  Tioga  co.,  N.Y. 

East  Weare,  wair,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hillsborough  co., 
N.H.,  in  Weare  township,  on  the  Manchester  &  North 
Weare  Railroad,  10  miles  S.AV.  of  Concord. 

East  Web'ster,  a  station  in  Webster  township,  Wor- 
cester CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Southbridge  Branch  of  the  New 
Y^ork  &  New  England  Railroad,  58  miles  S.W.  of  Boston. 

East  Westmore'Iand,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cheshire  oo., 
N.ll.,  and  a  station  on  the  Cheshire  Railroad,  9  miles  N.W. 
of  Keene.     It  has  a  church. 

East  Weymouth,  wa'miith,  a  post-village  of  Norfolk 
CO.,  Mass.,  14i  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Boston.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  bank,  a  nail-factory,  a  wool-scouring  factory, 
a  tannery,  a  newspaper  office,  and  5  manufactories  of  boots 
and  shoes. 

East  Whately,  what'le,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  and  on  the  Connecti- 
cut River  Railroad  (at  Whately  Station),  26  miles  N.  of 
Springfield.  It  has  a  church,  a  rope-factory,  a  cotton-mill, 
and  a  manufactory  of  brooms  and  brushes. 

East  WKeat'fieJd,  a  township  of  Indiana  co..  Pa., 
bounded  S.  by  the  Conemaugh  River.    Pod.  786. 


East  Wheat'land,  a  post-office  of  Will  co.,  III. 

East  White'land,  a  township  of  Chester  co..  Pa. 
Pop.  1222.     It  contains  Glenloch. 

East  Williamsburg,  wil'yams-burg,  a  village  of 
Newtown  township,  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Southside  Rail- 
road, 4  miles  E.  from  Hunter's  Point.  It  has  a  church,  a 
rope-walk,  a  brewery,  Ac,  and  is  connected  with  Brooklyn 
by  street-railway.     The  station-name  is  Fresh  Pond. 

East  Williamsburgh,  a  post-village  in  Dundas  co,, 
Ontario,  2i  miles  from  Aultsville.     Pop.  100. 

East  Williamson,  wil'yam-son,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  from  Williamson  Station,  and 
about  25  miles  E.  of  Rochester.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam 
saw-mill,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

East  Wil'iiston,  a  post-village  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y., 
11  miles  E.N. E.  of  Jamaica.  It  has  manufactures  of  bricks 
and  fertilizers. 

East  Wil'son,  a  post- village  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Wilson  township,  about  32  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Buffalo.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  carriage-shop,  and  a  manufactory  of  head« 
ing  and  staves. 

East  Wil'ton,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Me.,  in 
Wilton  township,  on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  5  miles 
S.W.  of  Farmington.  It  has  a  church,  a  woollen-mill,  and 
a  scythe-factory. 

East  Windham,  wlnd'am,  post-office,  Greene  co.,  N.Y. 

East  Windsor,  win'zor,  a  post-township  of  Hartford 
CO.,  Conn.,  about  12  miles  N.E.  of  Hartford,  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  Hie  Connecticut  River.  Pop.  2882.  It  contains 
the  villages  of  Warehouse  Point,  Broad  Brook,  Scantic,  and 
Windsorville,  and  is  traversed  by  the  Connecticut  Central 
Railroad. 

East  Windsor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass., 
36  miles  N.N.W.  of  Springfield.     It  has  a  church. 

East  Windsor,  a  township  of  Mercer  co.,  N.J.  Pop. 
2383.     It  contains  the  borough  of  Ilightstown. 

East  Windsor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Nineveh  Branch  Rail- 
road, 18  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Binghamton.     It  has  a  church. 

East  Windsor  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Hartford  co.. 
Conn.,  in  South  Windsor  township,  on  the  Connecticut  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  near  the  E.  bank  of  the  Connecticut  River, 
7}  miles  above  Hartford.  Here  is  the  Verner  Episcopal 
School. 

East  Win'field,  a  hamlet  in  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Richfield  Springs  Branch  of  the  Syracuse,  Binghamton 
&  New  York  Railroad,  1 1  miles  from  Richfield  Springs. 

East  Winn,  a  post-office  of  Penobscot  co..  Me. 

East  Win'throp,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kennebec  co..  Me., 
in  Winthrop  township,  6  miles  W.  of  Augusta.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  tannery. 

East  Wo'burn,  a  village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Woburn  township,  and  on  the  Boston,  Lowell  &  Nashua 
Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Stoneham  Branch,  9  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Boston.     Here  is  Montvale  Post-Office. 

East  Wolf'borough,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  oo.,  N.H., 
at  Cotton  Valley  Station  on  the  Wolfborough  Railroad,  6 
miles  E.  of  Wolfborough.     Here  is  a  church. 

East'wood,  a  post-borough  of  Saginaw  co.,  Mich.,  11 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Saginaw.  It  has  manufactures  of 
staves  and  heading.     The  name  of  its  station  is  Garfield. 

Eastwood,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co.,  0. 

Eastwood,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  co.,  Ontario,  43 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Hamilton.     Pop.  200. 

East  Wood'stock,  a  post-village  of  Windham  co.. 
Conn.,  in  Woodstock  township,  about  44  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Hartford.  It  has  2  churches,  a  cotton-mill,  and  manufao 
tures  of  sash,  blinds,  ploughs,  <fcc. 

East  Worcester,  w66s't?r,  a  post-village  of  Otsego 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Worcester  township,  on  the  Albany  <fc  Susque- 
hanna Railroad,  57  miles  W.  of  Albany.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  blue-stone  factory,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  woollen-factory. 

East  Wrightstown,rits't6wn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown 
CO.,  Wis.,  2  miles  from  Greenleaf  Station,  and  about  13  milea 
S.  of  Green  Bay.     It  has  a  church. 

Eastyn,  a  town  of  Wales.     See  Hope. 

Easy  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Brunswick  co.,  N.C. 

Eaton,  ee'ton,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  ccntr.al  part  of 
Michigan,  has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  Grand  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Thornapple  and 
Battle  Creeks,  which  rise  within  its  limits.  The  surface  is 
undulating,  and  extensively  covered  with  dense  forests,  in 
which  the  sugar-maple  and  oak  abound.  The  soil  is  a  deep 
and  fertile  loam,  which  is  partly  calcareous.  Wheat,  Indian 
corn,  oats,  hay,  butter,  and  wool  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago  A  Grand  Trunk 
Railroad  and  th«  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  both  of  which 


SAT 


1090 


«BC 


ran  fhroogh  Ch&rlott*,  the  eapiUl.  Tbo  Detroit,  LaBilng 
A  Northern  Railroad  also  traverMa  ita  norlbern  parU.  Pop. 
in  1870,  26.171 ;  in  1880,  31,224;  in  18K0,  32,0U4. 

Eaton*  a  po«t-Tillago  of  Weld  eo.,  Cul.,  7  loilca  by  rail 
N.  of  Uroelvy.  It  baa  3  churob  organ isutiunn,  a  nuwgpaper 
•ffie«,  flour-uiills,  Ao.     Pop.  of  Euton  township,  720. 

Eatoiif  or  Por'terville*  n  (>ogt-village  of  Crawford 
00.,  III.,  V  miles  N.W.  of  Kubinson.  It  has  a  churob,  2 
PkW-niiiU,  a  flour-uiill,  and  general  stores. 

Eaton,  a  po«t-villiigo  of  Delaware  oo.,  Ind.,  on  tbo 
Mississinewa  Kiver,  U  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Muncio.  It  bus 
3  churcbos,  a  banic,  a  newspaper  oSioo,  saw-  and  grist- 
wills,  a  woollen-uiill,  and  an  academy. 

Eaton,  Aroostook  co.,  Me.     See  Eastox. 

Eaton,  a  poat-rillago  of  Washington  oo..  Me.,  21  miles 
by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Vanoeiwrough,  a3  miles  by  rail  N.N.E. 
of  Danger,  61  miles  (direct)  N.  by  W.  of  Machias,  and 
about  38  miles  N.N.W.  of  Calais. 

Eaton,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  N.H.  Pop.  514.  It 
contains  Eaton  Centre. 

Eaton,  a  nost-village  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Eaton 
townt-'hip.  on  the  Chenango  River,  and  on  the  New  York, 
Ontario  &  Western  Railroad,  24  miles  N.  of  Norwich,  nnd 
(  miles  (direct)  S.  by  E.  of  Morrisville,  the  county  sent. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  woollen-factory,  manufactures  of  port 
able  steam-engines,  cheese,  butter,  and  furniture,  a  grist- 
mill, &o.     Pop.  about  500;  of  the  township,  3121. 

Eaton,  a  township  of  Lorain  co.,  0.  Pop.  1139.  It 
eontains  a  part  of  La  Porte. 

Eaton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Preblo  eo..  0.,  is  on 
Seven-Mile  Creek,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Pittsburg  &  St.  Louis 
Railroad,  53  miles  N.  by  W.  from  Cincinnati,  and  17  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Richmond,  Ind.  It  has  S  churches,  a  national 
bank,  1  other  bank,  a  union  school,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill, 
Ac.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop.  in 
1890,  2934. 

Eaton,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Wyoming  oo.. 
Pa.,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Scranton,  is  bounded  on  the 
N.E.  by  the  Susquehanna  River.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop. 
830.     Eaton  Post-OSice  is  2  miles  from  Tunkhannook. 

Eaton,  a  post-village  of  Gibson  co.,  Tenn.,  on  tho  Mid- 
dle Branch  of  the  Forked  Doer  River,  20  miles  N.E.  of 
Dyersburg.     It  has  2  churches  and  several  stores.   Pop.  1 00. 

Eaton,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  499. 

Eaton,  a  township  of  Clark  co.,  AVis.  Pop.  325.  It 
Is  traversed  by  the  Bliick  River. 

Eaton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Manitowoc  co.,  Wis.,  in  Liberty 
township,  about  36  miles  N.E.  of  Fond  du  Lac. 

Eaton  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  N.U.,  in 
Eaton  township,  60  miles  N.E.  of  Concord.    It  has  a  church. 

Eaton  Corners,  a  post-village  in  Compton  co..  Quo- 
bee,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Compton.  It  contains  a  tannery  and 
a  grist-mill.     Pop.  200. 

Eaton  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich., 
in  Augusta  township,  8  miles  S.  of  Ypsilanti.  It  has  a 
church,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  a  drill-factory. 

Eaton  Rapids,  a  post-village  of  Eaton  co.,  Mich., 
on  Grand  River,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore  <k  Michigan  Southern 
Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Grand  River  Valley  Railroad, 
24  miles  N.N.W.  of  Jackson,  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lansing, 
and  1 1  miles  S.E.  of  Charlotte.  It  has  2  banks,  6  churches, 
2  newspaper  offices,  a  foundry,  a  machine-shop,  2  pluning- 
mills,  2  tlour-mills,  a  fruit-evaporator,  and  manufactures 
of  edge-tools,  axes,  and  carriages.  Here  are  artesian  wells, 
the  water  of  which  is  reputed  to  possess  magnetic  proper- 
ties.    Pop.  in  1890,  1970. 

Eaton's,  a  station  in  Wood  oo.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Balti- 
more  &  Ohio  Railroad,  19  miles  S.E.  of  Parkersburg. 

Eaton's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Schenectady  co.,  N.Y., 
6  miles  from  Esperanoe  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Eaton's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Davidson  co.,  Tenn. 

Eaton's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-township  of  Loudon 
00.,  Tonn. 

Eaton's  Neck,  the  E.  side  of  the  entrance  to  Hunting- 
ton Bay,  Long  Island.  On  it  is  a  fixed  light,  134  feet 
high.     Lat.  40°  57'  5"  N.;  Ion.  73°  24'  12"  W. 

Eatonton,  ee't^n-ton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Putnnm 
CO..  Ga.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia,  21 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Milledgeville,  and  about  80  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Atlanta.  It  has  a  court-house,  an  academy,  a  news- 
paper office,  5  churches,  a  cotton  compress,  a  canning- fac- 
tory, and  a  carriage-factory.  Fourteen  thousand  bales  of 
cotton  are  received  here  annually.     Pop.  in  1890,  1682. 

Eat'ontown,  a  post-village  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J,, 
on  the  New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Long 
Branch,  at  the  junction  of  the  Port  Monmouth  Branch  Rail- 
road^ and  32  miles  S.  of  New  York.    It  has  6  churches, 


a  tannery,  a  hnt-faotory,  and  a  newspaper  offic*.  Hera  is 
the  Monmouth  Park  Race-Course. 

Eat'onville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Herkimer  oo.,  N.Y.,  4^ 
miles  N.W.  of  Little  Falls.     It  has  a  church. 

Eau  Claire,  o^klair',  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Wis- 
consin, has  un  area  of  860  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Chippewa  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Eau 
Claire  River  and  Otter  Creole.  The  surface  is  uneven  or 
hilly,  and  is  partly  oovorcd  with  forests  of  pine,  sugar- 
maple,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  uuts, 
Indian  corn,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  Lumber  is 
the  chief  article  of  export.  This  oounty  is  traversed  by  tho 
Weft  Wisoonsin  Railroad.  Capital,  Eau  Claire.  Pop.  in  1870, 
10,769;  in  1875,  15,991;  in  1880,  19,993;  in  1890,  30,673. 

Eau  Claire,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  2 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Berrien  Centre,  and  3^  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Berrien  Springs.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  saw-, 
grist-,  nnd  cider-mills,  and  manufactures  of  churn-covers. 

Eau  Claire,  a  post-villnge  of  Butler  eo.,  Po.,  19  miles 
(direct)  N.N.E.  of  Butler.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school, 
and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  150. 

Eau  Claire,  a  city  and  the  capital  of  Eau  Claire  co,, 
Wis.,  is  on  the  Chippewa  River,  iit  tho  head  of  navigation, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  river  of  its  otvn  name,  10  miles  by  rail 
S.  by  W.  of  Chippewa  Fulls,  and  94  miles  E.  of  St.  Paul, 
Minn.  It  contains  a  court-house,  several  churches,  4  banks, 
a  $40,000  high  school,  10  saw-mills,  a  paper-mill,  a  linen., 
mill,  a  woollen-mill,  4  grist-mills,  2  breweries,  n  furniture- 
factory,  a  trunk-factory,  3  foundries,  2  pearl-button  facto- 
ries, and  2  daily  and  6  weekly  newspaper  offices.  It  has  a 
bridge  across  each  of  its  rivers,  is  the  chief  commercial 
city  of  Northwestern  Wisconsin,  and  has  a  very  large  trade 
in  lumber,  about  300,000,000  feet  being  manufactured  here 
in  a  year.     Pop.  in  1890,  17,415. 

Eau  Claire  River,  Marathon  co.,  Wis.  See  Bio  Ejlxj 
Claire. 

Eau  Claire  River,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Clark  co.  by 
two  branches,  called  the  North  and  South  Forks,  which 
■nite  in  the  E.  part  of  Eau  Claire  co.  It  runs  nearly  west- 
ward, and  enters  the  Chip|)ewa  River  at  Eau  Claire  City. 
It  is  nearly  120  miles  long,  including  one  fork.  The  name 
is  French,  and  signifies  "clear  water." 

Eaudevie,  oM&-vce',  a  post-village  of  Christian  co.. 
Mo.,  11  miles  (direct)  S.  of  Ozark. 

Eau  Galle,  o^gal',  a  small  river  of  Wisconsin,  rises  in 
St.  Croix  CO.,  runs  southeastward  and  southward,  and  enters 
the  Chippewa  River  at  Durand,  in  Pepin  co. 

Eau  Galle,  a  post-village  of  Dunn  co..  Wis.,  on  or  near 
Eau  Galle  River,  20  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Menomonec,  and  6 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Durand.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  creamery.     Pop.  about  100. 

Eau  Gallie,  a  post-village  of  Brevard  co.,  Fla.,  on  In- 
dian River,  3  miles  from  the  sea-coast,  and  about  300  miles 
S.  of  Jacksonville. 

Eau  Pleine,  0-plain',  a  township  of  Portage  co.,  Wis., 
bounded  E.  by  the  river  Wisconsin.  Pop.  509.  It  contains 
Juelson.  Eau  Pleine  Station  is  on  tho  Wisconsin  Valley 
Railroad,  25  miles  S.  of  Wausau. 

Eau  Pleine  River.    See  Bio  Eau  Pleine. 

Eaux-Bonnes, or  Les  Eaux-Bonnes,  Idz  o-bonn, 
a  hamlet  of  France,  in  Basses^ Pyr6n6es,  22  miles  S.  of  Pau. 
It  is  frequented  for  its  sulphur  springs.     Pop.  917. 

Eaux-Chaudes,o-shud,  or  Aigues-ChaudeSjaig- 
shod,  a  hamlet  of  France,  adjacent  to  Eaux-Bonncs. 

Eaux>  Vives,  o-veev,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  a  suburb 
of  Geneva,  on  tho  S.E.  shore  of  Lake  Leman.     Pop.  5875. 

Eauze,  oz,  or  Euse,  uz  (anc.  Eluta),  a  town  of  France, 
in  Gers,  on  the  Gelise,  an  affluent  of  the  Garonne,  15  milos 
S.W.  of  Condom.     Pop.  4397. 

Eayrestown,  airs'tdwn,  a  hamlet  of  Burlington  co., 
N.J.,  on  the  South  Branch  of  Rancocas  Creek,  1^  miles 
above  Lumberton.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Ebbersdorf-am-Ittoos.    See   Ebreichstxjrp. 

Ebbs'fleet,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  on  the 
Isle  of  Thanet,  SJ  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ramsgate.  Here  the 
Anglo-Saxon  conquerors  first  set  foot  in  England. 

Ebeleben,  ^'b^h-lA^b^n,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Schwarzburg-Sondershausen,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Sonders- 
bauscn.     Pop.  1296.     It  has  a  palaco  of  the  prince. 

Ebelsberg,  a  village  of  Austria.     See  Eokrsberq. 

Eb'eltoft,  a  town  of  Denmark,  in  Jutland,  18  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Aarhuus,  on  a  bay  of  the  Cattegat.     Pop.  1313. 

Ebeife'zer,  a  post-office  of  Chattooga  co.,  Ga. 

Ebenezer,  an  incorporated  post- village  of  Holmes  oo.. 
Mis?.,  10  miles  S.  of  Lexington.     It  has  3  churches,  <fec. 

Ebenezer,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  Mo.,  0  miles  N. 
of  Springfield.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  high  schooL 


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Ebenezer,  a  post-village  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Buffalo 
Creek,  and  on  the  Western,  New  York  &  Pennsylvania 
Riiilro'ad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
public  school,  and  a  German  academy.  Pop.  about  500. 
This  village,  with  a  large  tract  of  land,  was  owned  by  a 
society  of  Germans  who  styled  themselves  "  The  Community 
of  True  Inspiration,"  who  now  reside  at  Amana,  Iowa. 

Ebeuezer,  a  post-hamlet  of  Preble  co.,  0.,  in  Jefferson 
township,  about  30  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Dayton. 

£benezer,  Indiana  co.,  Pa.     See  Lewisville. 

Ebenezer,  a  post-otBee  of  Florence  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
Wilmington,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  76  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Columbia.     It  has  a  church  and  a  cotton-gin. 

Ebenezer,  a  township  of  York  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  2157. 

Ebenezer,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  Tenn,  on  the  East 
Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  llailroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of 
Concord,  and  1 0  miles  S. W.  of  Knoxville.  It  has  2  churches, 
the  Ebenezer  Institute,  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Ebenezer  Creek,  of  Georgia,  runs  southeastward 
through  Effingham  co.,  and  enters  the  Savannah  lliver. 

Ebenfnrt,  i'ben-fooKt^,  a  town  of  Austria,  2-i  miles  S. 
of  Vienna,  on  the  Leytha.     Pop.  1000. 

E'bensburg,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Cambria  co., 
Pa.,  is  on  an  eminence  about  15  miles  (direct)  W.  of  Al- 
toona.  By  railroad  it  is  112  miles  E.  of  Pittsburg,  and  26 
miles  from  Altoona.  The  Ebensburg  Branch  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  11  miles  long,  extends  from  this  place 
to  Crcsson,  and  there  connects  with  the  main  line.  It  has 
a  court-house,  a  bank,  a  stone  jail,  an  academy,  6  churches, 
3  newspaper  oflSces,  a  woollen- factory,  2  tanneries,  and  an 
extensive  trade  in  lumber.     Pop.  in  1890,  1202. 

Eberbach,  i'ber-biK^  a  village  of  Baden,  on  the 
Neckar,  23  miles  E.  of  Mannheim.     Pop.  4105. 

Eberbach,  a  village  of  Prussia,  near  the  right  bank 
of  the  Rhine,  3  miles  N.  of  Hattenheim.  Its  vineyard  is 
the  most  elevated  in  Rheingau  (200  feet),  and  produces  one 
of  the  best  wines  of  the  district. 

Ebergassing,  i'b^r-g3.s^sing,  or  Ocbergilssling, 
b'b§r-ghis^sling,  a  village  of  Lower  Austria,  on  the  Fischa, 
15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  1653. 

Eb'erhardt,  a  post-village  of  White  Pine  co.,  Nevada, 
6  miles  S.  of  Hamilton,  It  has  a  church  and  a  quartz- 
mill  of  60  stamps  for  silver,  which  is  found  here. 

Eberle,  eb'or-le,  a  post-office  of  Effingham  co..  111. 

Eb'erly's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co..  Pa., 
on  Yellow  Breeches  Creek,  1  mile  from  White  Hill  Railroad 
Station,  and  about  5  miles  S.W.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  machine-shop,  and  a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  125. 

Ebermann8tad.t,i'b§r-minn-st3,tt\  a  town  of  Bavaria, 
15  miles  S.E.  of  Bamberg.     Pop.  709. 

Ebern,  ^'bern,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Baunach,  45 
miles  N.E.  of  Wiirzburg.     Pop.  1116. 

Ebernburg,  i'b?rn-bo5RG\  a  village  of  Bavaria,  Pa- 
latinate, on  the  Nahe,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Mentz.     Pop.  666. 

Ebcrsbach,  d'bers-biK\  a  village  of  Saxony,  14  miles 
S.E.  of  Bautzen,  on  the  Bohemian  frontier.  Pop.  7049.  It 
is  a  seat  of  the  linen-manufacture. 

Ebersberg,  i'bers-b5RG\  orEbelsberg,  i'bels-bSnG', 
a  village  of  Austria,  on  the  Traun,  4  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lintz. 
The  French  defeated  the  Austrians  here,  May  3,  1 809. 

Ebersberg,  a  village  of  Upper  Bavaria,  18  miles  E.S.E, 
of  Munich.     Pop.  1914. 

Ebersburg,  i'bers-boouG\  a  village  of  Wiirtomborg,  4 
miles  E.  of  Backnang.     Pop.  279. 

Ebersdorf,  i'bers-doRf\a  town  of  Germany,  in  Reuss- 
Schleitz,  39  miles  S.S.E.  of  AVeimar.     Pop.  998, 

£bersdorf-am-Moo8.    See  Ebreichsborp. 

Ebersdorf  on  the  Danube,  or  Kaiser  (ki'z?r) 
Ebersdorf,  a  village  of  Lower  Austria,  5  miles  S.E.  of 
Vienna.     Pop.  1337. 

Ebersheim,  i.'b§rs-hlme\  a  village  of  Alsaoe,  4  miles 
N.E.  of  Schlettstadt.     Pop.  1752. 

Eberstadt,  i'b^r-stitt^  a  town  of  Hesso,  4  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Darmstadt,     Pop.  2861. 

Eb'ervale,  a  post-village  of  Luzerne  oo.,  Pa.,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  about  20  miles  S.  of 
Wilkesbarre.  Coal  is  extensively  mined  near  it.  It  has  a 
jhurch  and  170  houses,  shops,  Ac. 

Ebcsfalva,  i'bSsh'fol'voh^  or  Elisabethstadt, 
i-lees'a-bet-stitt\  a  town  of  Transylvania,  on  a  railway,  35 
miles  N.E.  of  Hcrmannstadt.     Pop.  2550. 

Ebhausen,  4b-how'zen,  or  Mollhauscn,  mol-h5w'- 
K?n,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Nagold. 
Pop.  1H20. 

Ebingen,  i'bing-§n,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  10  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Bahlingen.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen 
cloths,  hosiery,  and  leather.    Pop.  6605. 


Eblana,  an  ancient  name  of  Dublin. 
Eboe,  a  town  of  Guinea.     See  Aboh. 
Eboli,  i'bo-le,  or  Evoli,  i'vo-le  (anc.  Eburi),  a  town 
of  Italy,  province  and  19  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Salerno. 
Pop.  8947, 

Ebora,  a  town  of  Portugal.    Sec  Evora. 
Eboracum,  the  Latin  name  of  York. 
Eboulemens,  Quebec.     See  Les  Eboulemess. 
Ebre,  a  river  of  Spain.    See  Ebuo. 
Ebreichsdorf,  db'riKs-douf,  or  Ebersdorf-am- 
Moos,  4'bers-doRf  ^a.ra-moce,  a  village  of  Austria,  6  miles 
N.N.E.  of  libenfurt.     Pop.  1013. 

Ebreuil,  i'brui'  (anc.  Ebi-oliumf),  a  village  of  France, 
in  Allier,  5  miles  W.  of  Gannat,  on  the  Sioule.     Pop.  2287. 
Ebringen,  5b'ring-?n,  a  village  of  Baden,  4  miles  S.W. 
of  Freiburg.     Pop.  1025. 

Ebro,  ee'bro  (Sp.  pron.  i'Bro;  Fr.  Ebre,  nib'r;  anc. 
Ibe'nis),  a  river  in  the  N.E.  of  S])ain,  rises  in  the  province 
of  Santander,  12  miles  W.  of  Reynosa,  flows  generally  S.E., 
past  Logrono,  Calahorra,  Tudela,  Saragossa,  and  Tortosa, 
and  enters  the  Mediterranean  in  lat.  40°  42'  N.,  Ion.  0°  60' 
E.  Length,  340  miles.  Its  navigation  is  difficult,  on  ac- 
count of  its  rapidity  and  the  rocks  in  its  bed,  and  several 
canals  have  been  cut  for  its  improvement. 

Ebrodunum  or  Eburodunum  Caturigium.  Seo 
Embrun. 

Ebroicae,  the  ancient  name  of  Evreux. 
Ebrolium,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Ebreuil. 
Ebsanibool,or  Ebsambul.    See  Ipsambool. 
Ebstorf,  fibs'toRf  or  Sps'tonf,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Hanover,  15  miles  S.  of  Liineburg.     Pop.  1401. 
Ebndes,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Hebrides. 
Ebnra,  a  supposed  ancient  name  for  the  river  EuRB. 
Eburacum,  an  ancient  name  of  York. 
Eburi,  an  ancient  name  of  Eboli. 
Eburovices,  an  ancient  name  of  Evreux. 
Eburum,  a  Latin  name  for  Olmutz. 
Ebus,  i'boos',  or  Bos,   bijs,   one  of  the  Philippine 
Islands,  off  the  N.W.  coast  of  Mindoro,  with  a  good  harbor. 
Ebusus,  the  ancient  name  of  Ivi^A. 
Eby,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warrick  oo.,  Ind.,  8  miles  N.  of 
Boonville.     It  has  a  church. 

Ecaussines,  ^'kos^soen',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
Hainaut,  on  the  Senne,  and  on  the  Namur  Railway,  at  a 
railway  junction,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Mons.  It  has  great 
stone-quarries.     Pop.  3700. 

Ecbatana,  the  ancient  name  of  Hamadax. 
Ecclefcchan,  Jk^k'l-ffik'an,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co. 
and  14  miles  E.  of  Dumfries,  on  a  railway.     Pop.  846. 

Eccles,  Sk'klz,  a  town  of  England,  in  Lancashire,  4 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Manchester,  with  many  cotton-mills. 
Pop.  of  parish,  67,770. 

Eccleshall,  Ak'k'lz-hlr,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Stafford,  at  a  railway  junction,  6i  miles  W.N.AV,  of  Stafford. 
Pop.  1484. 
Eccloo,  a  town  of  Belgium.     See  Eect.oo. 
Echack,  a  town  of  India.     See  Eechauk, 
Ech^acon'nee,  also  called  Tochocu'no,  a  creek  of 
Georgia,  flows  S.E.,  and  enters  the  Ocmulgce  River  at  the 
S.  extremity  of  Bibb  co. 

Echaconnee,  or  Echeconnee,  a  station  in  Hous- 
ton CO.,  Ga.,  on  the  Southwestern  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of 
Macon,  and  on  Echaconnee  Creek. 

Echallens,  i'shiriftr*"'  (Ger.  Tscherlltz,  ch8R'lits),  a 
village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Vaud,  8  miles  N,  by  W.  of 
Lausanne.     Pop.  1079. 

Echauflbur,  i^shof'fooR',  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Orne,  19  miles  E.  of  Argentan.     Pop.  1414. 
Echelles,  France.     See  Les  Echelles. 
Echemin,  a  river  of  Canada.    See  Etchemin. 
Echinades.    See  Kurzolari  Islands. 
E-Ching',  Ee- Chang,  or  Itchang,  o-chJng',  a  town 
and  treaty-port  of  China,  province  of  Hoo-Pe.  on  the  N.bank 
of  the  Yang-tse-Kiang,  200  miles  above  Chin-Kiang-Foo. 

Echinos,  i-kee'nos,  a  town  of  Greece,  department  of 
Acarnania  and  ^tolia.     Pop.  about  5000. 

Echinusa,  an  island  of  Greece.    See  ArgenthiiJA. 
Echmied^zin',  or  Etchmiadzin,  5tch-me  id-zeen', 
a  town  and  the  ecclesiastical    capital  of  Armenia,  in  tha 
Russian  dominions,  15  miles  W.  of  Erivan,  and  25  milei 
N.   of   Mount  Ararat.     It   has   a   large  fortified  convent, 
comprising  a  magnificent  church,  bazaars,  Ac,  and  is  the 
seat  of  the  Catholicos,  or  primate  of  the  Armenian  church. 
Pop.  465. 
Echmin,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Akhmym. 
Echo,  gk'o,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dale  co.,  Ala.,  16  miles  W 
of  Abbeville.    It  has  2  churches  and  2  stores. 


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Echo,  a  po»t-ofRce  of  Douj^las  co.,  Kansaa. 

Krhu,  a  post-offioo  of  Antrim  co.,  Mich. 

Kcho,  a  post-village  of  Yellow  Medicine  co.,  Minn.,  12 
milM  by  rail  S.E.  of  Uanley  Falls,  and  19  mile*  S.S.B.  of 
Granite  FalU.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  Ac.  Pop.  about 
160. 

Echo*  a  post-village  of  Umatilla  oo.,  Oregon,  25  miles 
by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Pendleton.     It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  public  school.     Pop.  about  100. 
■  Echo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Armstrong  oo.,  Pa.,  about  46 
miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Echo,  a  post-office  of  Macon  oo.,  Tenn. 

Echo  CaJkon,  k&n'yCn,  a  ravine  of  remarkable  gran- 
deur in  Summit  oo.,  Utah,  near  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad. 
.  Echo  City,  a  post-village  of  Summit  co.,  Utah,  Is  near 
Weber  River,  40  miles  by  rail  S.K.  of  Ogden,  and  about  40 
miles  N.E.  of  Salt  Lake  City.  It  has  a  church.  Coal  or 
lignite  is  found  near  it     Elevation,  5315  feet. 

C!cho  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Passaic  co.,  N.  J.,  in  AVest 
Milford  township,  2  miles  from  Charlotteburg  Station.  It 
bos  2  churches.     Here  is  a  small  lake. 

Echols,  ek'pls,  a  county  in  the  S.  of  Georgia,  bordering 
on  Florida,  has  an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Allapaha  River,  and  also  drained  by  the 
Little  Suwanee  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is 
partly  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  sandy.  Indian  corn, 
cotton,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
traversed  by  the  Florida  Branch  of  the  Atlantic  <t  Gulf 
Railroad.  Capital,  Statenville.  Pop.  in  1870,  1978;  in 
1:880,  2553  ;  in  18U0,  3079. 

Echt,  ^Kt,  or  Egt,  ^Ht,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Llmburg,  9  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Roermond,  on  the  Mouse. 

Echtcrdingen,  ^K't^r-ding'^n,  a  village  of  Wilrtem- 
berg,  5  miles  S.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1832. 

Echternach,  dK't^r-n&K^  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Luxemburg,  on  the  Sure,  19  miles  N.E.  of  Luxemburg. 
It  has  mnnufactures  of  damasks  and  paper.  Pop.  3800. 
•  Echu'ca,  formerly  Hop'wood's  Ferry,  a  borough 
of  Victoria,  Australia,  in  Rodney  co.,  on  the  navigable 
river  Murray,  is  connected  by  railway  with  Melbourne, 
which  is  166  milos  S.  A  floating  bridge,  354  feet  long,  here 
crosses  tho  river  to  Moaraa,  a  village  of  New  South  Wales. 
Echuca  receives  and  ships  by  rail  much  wool,  &e.,  and  is 
the  second  place  in  the  colony  in  tho  value  of  its  imports. 
Its  fisheries  are  important.     Pop.  3695. 

Echzell,  fis-tseir,  a  village  of  Hesse, in  Ober-Hessen,on 
the  Horloff,  5  miles  S.S.E.  of  Giessen.     Pop.  1512. 

..  Ecu^i  i'the-Hi  (anc.  A»tif/{),  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  52  miles  E.N.E.  of  Seville,  on  tho  Genii.  It  has  nu- 
merous convents,  hospitals,  churches,  and  Roman  remains, 
and  a  fine  public  walk  near  the  river,  ornamented  with 
statues  and  fountains.  Its  vicinity  is  fertile  in  corn  and 
oil,  but  the  town  is  so  hot  as  to  be  called  the  "  frying-pan 
of  Andalusia."  It  has  manufactures  of  coarse  woollen 
cloths,  linens,  and  leather.     Pop.  27,216. 

Eckartsberga,  fik'karts-bfiR^gi,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Merseburg.     Pop.  1953. 

Eck'elson,  a  post-village  of  Barnes  co.,  N.D.,  14  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Valley  City.  It  has  a  church,  <feo.  Here  is 
Lake  Eckelson,  whose  saline  waters  have  no  outlet.  It  is  6 
miles  long  and  I  mile  broad.     Elevation,  1418  feet. 

Eckenberg,  a  village  of  Austria.     See  Egenbeiig. 

Eckern(orde,fik'k§rn-foRM?h,orEckernfiord,  6k'- 
^rn-fe-ond\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Sloswiok,  on  an  inlet  of 
the  Baltic,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sleswick.  Pop.  4995.  It  has 
an  invalid  asylum  and  a  normal  school,  with  distilleries, 
ship-yards,  and  a  malting-trode. 

Eckersdorf,  ik'k^rs-donr,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in 
Breslau,  circle  of  Glatz.     Pop.  955. 

Eckersdorf,  a  village  of  Prussia,  government  of  Bres- 
lau. circle  of  Namslau.     Pop.  1183. 

Eckersdorf,  a  village  of  Prussia,  government  of  Lieg- 
nitz,  circle  of  Sagan.     Pop.  1042. 

Eck'erty,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co.,  Ind.,  49  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  New  Albany.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  free  school.  Pop.  about  250.  The  name  of  its  station 
is  Boston. 

£ck'ford,a  township  of  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.   Pop.  1141. 

Eckford  Lake,  New  York,  lies  among  the  mountains 
in  the  N.  central  part  of  Hamilton  co.  It  is  nearly  5  miles 
long,  and  is  1791  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Eck'hart  Mines,  a  mining  post-village  of  Alleghany 
00.,  Md.,  at  the  terminus  of  the  Eckhart  Branch  Railroad, 
91  miles  W.  of  Cumberland.  It  has  2  churches  and  6  stores. 
Pop.  about  1000. 

Eckhung  Choo,  Sk'kiing'  choo,  a  river  of  Thibet,  sup- 
posed to  be  the  main  head-stream  of  the  Indus.     It  rises  in 


the  Kailas  Mountains,  Int.  SI"  20'  N.,  Ion.  81°  15'  E, 
and  assumes  the  nnino  of  the  Indus  about  Ion.  79°  E. 

Eck'ley,  a  post-village  of  Yuma  co.,  Col.,  13  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Yuma.     It  has  a  newspaper  ofilco. 

Eckley,  a  post-village  of  Curry  co.,  Oregon,  83  mile( 
(direct)  N.N.E.  of  Gold  Beach. 

Eckley,  a  post- village  of  Luterne  co..  Pa.,  on  branches 
of  the  Lehigh  Valley  and  Lehigh  A,  Susquehanna  Railroads, 
20  miles  S.  of  Wilkesbarre,  and  6  miles  N.E.  of  llnzleton. 
It  has  3  churches.  It  is  mainly  supported  by  operations 
in  coal,  which  is  mined  hero.     Pop.  in  1890,  1241. 

Eck'maiisville,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co.,  0.,  in 
Wiiyne  township,  5  miles  S.  of  Winchester.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  bank,  and  an  academy. 

Eckinlihl,  dk'mfil  ((>cr.  E</f)mnhl,  ik'mtll),  a  village 
of  Bavaria,  13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rntisbon,  on  the  Great  Labor. 
It  is  celebrated  for  a  victory  of  the  French  over  the  Aus- 
trians,  April  22, 1809,  for  which  Davoust  was  created  Prince 
of  EckmUhl.     Pop.  110. 

EcMec'tic,  a  post-offico  of  Elmore  co.,  Aln. 

Eclipse,  e-klips',  a  post-village  of  Jackson' co.,  Ind., 
15  miles  by  rail  (Norman  Station)  E.  by  N.  of  Bedford 
and  13  miles  (direct)  N.W.  of  Brownstown. 

Eclipse  Islands,  a  cluster  of  small,  rocky,  barren 
islands  in  the  Pacific,  near  the  S.W.  coast  of  Australia. 
Lilt.  35°  12'  S.;  Ion.  117°  53'  E. 

Ecommoy,  i^kom*mw&',  a  town  of  France,  in  Sarthe, 
13  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Le  Mans.     Pop.  1S41. 

Econ'omy,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Mnrtindale  Fork  of  the  Whitewater  River,  about  16  miles 
N.W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  4  churches,  a  carriage-shop, 
and  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  about  229. 

Economy,  or  West  Covington,  kttv'ing-t^n,  Ky., 
has  a  Franciscan  institution. 

Economy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Macon  co..  Mo.,  about  66 
miles  W.  of  Hannibal.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and 
a  saw-mill. 

Economy,  a  post-village  of  Harmony  township,  Beaver 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  right  or  E.  bank  of  the  Ohio  River,  and  on 
the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad,  17  miles 
N.W.  of  Pittsburg.  Here  is  a  German  community,  founded 
by  George  Rapp,  and  called  Harmonists. 

Economy,  a  township  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Ohio 
River.     Pop.  1324. 

Economy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hardin  co.,  Tenn.,  25 
miles  E.  of  Bethel  Station  (Bethel  Springs).  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  steam  mill. 

Economy,  a  post-village  in  Colchester  co.,  Nova  Sco- 
tia, on  Economy  River  where  it  empties  into  Minas  Bay, 
32  miles  W.  of  Londonderry.     Pop.  350. 

Ecorce,  or  Ecorse,  e-kors',  a.  post-village  of  Wayne 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Detroit  River,  in  Ecorce  township,  on 
the  Toledo,  Canada  Southern  &  Detroit  Railroad,  and  on 
the  Detroit  division  of  the  Michigan  Southern  Railroad, 
9  miles  S.W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school, 
a  carriage-shop,  and  a  saw-uiill.  Pop.  of  the  township,  ex- 
clusive of  Wyan<lotte,  2425. 

^cosse  and  Ecossais.    See  Scoti,axd. 

Econche,  i'koo'shi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Orne,  b 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Argentan,  on  the  Orne.     Pop.  1442. 

Ecouen,  d'koo-fis"'  or  d'kwft>-<>',  a  market-town  of 
France,  in  Seine-et-Oise,  10  miles  N.  of  Paris.     Pop.  1296. 

Ecourt-Saint-Quentin,  i'koou'-siNo^-kftNoHiN"',  a 
town  of  France,  in  Pas-de-Calais,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Arms. 

Ecreliou,  fik'r'hoo',  a  group  of  low  rocky  islets  in  tho 
English  Channel,  5  miles  N.E.  of  the  island  of  Jersey. 

Ec^ricok',  or  IcVicok',  a  town  of  Guinea,  on  the 
Old  Calabar  River,  about  100  miles  N.  of  its  mouth.  Old 
EcRicoK  is  much  higher  up  the  same  river. 

Ecsed,  a  village  of  Hungary.    See  Etsed. 

Ecseg,  i^chSg',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Neograd, 
on  the  Zagyva,  12  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Hatvan.     Pop.  1529. 

Ecska,  ech'k6h\  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Torontal, 
4  milts  S.S.E.  of  Nagy-Becskerek.     Pop.  4400. 

Ec'tor,  a  post-village  of  Fannin  co.,  Tex.,  5  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Bonham.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  200.^ 

Ecuador,  fik-wi-don'  {i.e.,  "Equator;"  Fr.  Eqnateur, 
i^kwiHuR';  Port.  £'grMfifrfo)-,4-kwi-d6ii'),arepubIicof  South 
America,  lying  under  the  equator,  whence  it  takes  its  name. 
It  has  the  republic  of  Colombia  on  the  N.,  Peru  on  the  S., 
the  Pacific  on  the  W.,  and  Brazil  on  the  E.  Its  greatest 
breadth  from  N.  to  S.  is  near  the  sea-coast ;  towards  the  E. 
it  contracts  uniformly.  Its  length,  from  Cape  San  Lorenzo, 
Ion.  80°  40'  W.,  to  its  E.  limit,  is  about  800  milos,  and  its 
area  as  officially  estimated  in  1891  is  118,630  square  miles. 
Still,  as  on  its  N.,  S.,  and  E.  frontiers  there  are  vast  regions 
claimed  by  the  neighboring  states  as  well  as  by  Ecuador 


ECU 


1093 


ECU 


until  the  boundaries  are  definitely  settled  the  area  of  the 
latter  can  only  be  approximated.  The  Galapagos  Islands 
are  claimed  by  Ecuador. 

This  republic,  like  the  others  situate  along  the  Andes,  em- 
braces every  variety  of  climate,  having  tierras  caiientes,  or 
low  tracts,  insufferably  hot;  templadas,  or  temperate  re- 
gions, from  6000  to  9000  feet  above  the  sea ;  frias,  or  cold 
districts,  extending  from  the  upper  limits  of  the  preceding 
to  the  borders  of  the  paramos,  or  cold  deserts,  lying  between 
the  elevation  of  11,000  feet  and  the  limits  of  perpetual 
snow;  and,  finally,  the  nevados  or  snowy  heights  them- 
selves. The  culminating  summits  in  this  part  of  the 
Andes  are  ranged  close  together  in  double  file,  or  along  the 
outer  edges  of  a  narrow  elevated  longitudinal  ridge,  in  the 
hollows  of  which  is  collected  the  chief  population  of  the 
state.  On  the  W.  of  this  ridge,  towards  the  sea,  the  de- 
clivities of  the  Cordillera  are  covered  with  dense  forests. 
On  the  E.  also  impenetrable  forests  occupy  the  mid-region 
between  the  temperate  heights  and  the  interminable  plains 
below.  The  central  ridge  or  elevated  region  of  Ecuador  is 
formed  by  a  double  range  of  snow-clad  mountains,  several 
of  them  active  volcanoes,  which  enclose  a  longitudinal  val- 
ley, varying  in  elevation  from  8800  to  13,900  feet,  and  di- 
vided, as  will  be  seen,  by  transverse  barriers.  These  moun- 
tains, which  figure  as  the  most  remarkable  volcanic  group 
on  the  earth,  are  as  follows : 


W.Kange.         ^''«- ^.^'f- 

Pasto 13,450 

Ciiinbal X5,G20 

Cotocachi 16,380 

Pichincha 15,924 

Corazon 15,795 

Ilini9a 17,380 

Caraguairazo 10,748 

Cbiuiboi'azo 21,420 


RKange.  ^^^^  ^^^If  *" 

Cayambe 19,535 

Guaniani  (Sani-Urcu)  

Autisana 19,148 

Cotopaxi 18,880 

Qiiclcmdama 

Tunguragua 10,579 

Sangay 17,120 

SincUolagua 10,300 


At  the  N.  limit  of  Ecuador,  the  two  chains  uniting  form  the 
Paramos  do  los  Pastos,  having  on  their  N.  and  S.  borders 
respectively  the  volcanoes  of  Pasto  and  Cumbal,  and  inhab- 
ited to  a  height  of  10,200  feet.  Towards  the  S.,  the  snowy 
Cordilleras,  separating,  enclose  the  long  valley  of  Quito, 
which  is,  however,  more  elevated  than  the  city  from  which 
it  takes  its  name.  The  village  of  Lulumbamba  or  Guala- 
bamba  in  this  valley,  and  the  Nevado  of  Cayambe,  lie  di- 
rectly under  the  equator.  About  40  miles  S.  of  the  equator 
the  valley  of  Quito  is  closed  by  the  Alto  de  Chisinche,  where 
the  two  branches  of  the  Andes  unite  in  a  single  narrow 
ridge.  S.  of  Chisinche  again  the  ridge  opens,  and  the  val- 
ley of  Ambato  extends  about  150  miles  in  length,  between 
Chimborazo  and  Caraguairazo  on  the  one  side  and  the  group 
of  Sangay  on  the  other.  It  terminates  on  the  S.  at  the 
trachytic  ridge  of  Asuay,  where  the  Paramo,  attains  the 
height  of  15,528  feet.  Beyond  this,  towards  the  S.,  the 
valley  of  Cuenca  succeeds,  and  stretches  about  30  miles  to 
the  mountains  of  Loja.  None  of  the  summits  on  the  sides 
of  this  valley  attain  the  height  of  perpetual  snow ;  indeed, 
the  highest  of  them  probably  does  not  exceed  11,000  feet; 
and  beyond  the  valley  of  Cuenca,  towards  the  Maranon, 
the  hills  sink  to  an  elevation  of  2000  or  3000  feet.  Among 
the  mountains  enumerated  above,  Chimborazo  holds  the 
first  place.  Cotopaxi,  though  not  the  highest,  is  the  most 
celebrated  and  conspicuous  peak  in  this  most  remarkable 
region  of  the  Andes. 

The  cultivated  land  of  Ecuador  lies  chiefly  in  the  valley? 
of  Quito,  Ambato,  and  Cuenca.  The  average  height  of 
this  tract  is  about  9000  feet  above  the  sea,  though  at  its  S. 
extremity,  at  and  beyond  Loja,  it  sinks  about  2000  feet. 
Beep  clefts  or  crevices  sometimes  occur,  which  bring  the 
tropical  vegetation  into  immediate  contiguity  with  that  of 
the  elevated  plains.  Thus,  the  luxuriant  vale  or  glen  of 
Chota  penetrates  the  plain  of  Ibarra  at  a  depth'  of  nearly 
5000  feet.  The  inhabited  districts  on  the  sea-side  near 
Barbacoas  (in  the  republic  of  Colombia),  and  at  Esme- 
raldas  and  Guayaquil,  are  of  small  extent,  and  the  slopes 
of  the  Andes  on  both  sides  are  still  covered  with  wild  forests, 
on  which  the  encroachments  of  human  industry  are  scarcely 
perceptible.  These  forests,  with  the  snowy  heights  and  the 
dreary  paramos  on  the  borders  of  the  snow,  occupy  nineteen- 
twentieths  of  the  area  of  the  state. 

The  Andes  of  Ecuador  may  be  entitled  collectively  a  vol- 
canic group,  but  as  yet  little  has  been  done  towards  the 
minute  examination  of  their  structure.  Chimborazo  is  known 
to  be  a  mass  of  trachyte ;  the  ridge  of  Asuay  displays  the 
same  formation  ;  lavas,  pumice,  and  cinders  cover  extensive 
tracts  in  the  neighborhood  of  Cotopaxi  and  Sangay.  Yet 
the  syenitic  rocks  and  porphyries,  elsewhere  so  character- 
istic of  the  Andes,  occur  here  also;  and  on  the  heights  of 


Cuenca  the  causeways  and  ruined  temples  of  the  Incas  ar 
constructed  of  freestone.  It  is  said  that  gold  was  formerly 
collected  in  several  river-beds  in  the  valley  of  Ambato  and 
S.  towards  Zeruma,  and  silver  ores  are  believed  to  exist  in 
various  parts  of  the  Cordillera;  sulphuret  of  mercury  i& 
found  in  Cuenca,  and  platinum  in  Barbacoas ;  but  no  atten- 
tion is  now  given  to  the  mines,  except  those  of  iron  and  cop- 
per. Emeralds,  however,  are  still  gathered,  chiefly  by  In- 
dians, the  mines  being  for  the  most  part  in  impenetrable 
forests  on  the  banks  of  the  river  Esmeralda. 

The  rivers  are  for  the  most  part  rapid  torrents,  quite  un- 
available for  purposes  of  internal  communication.  Some  of 
the  streams  on  the  coast  may  perhaps  be  plied  for  a  few 
miles  by  the  canoes  of  the  Indians,  but  commerce  derives 
comparatively  little  aid  from  their  navigation.  The  rivera 
of  the  eastern  watershed,  all  tributaries  of  the  Amazon, 
have  long  courses,  but  are  not  generally  navigable  till  they 
reach  the  plains  beyond  the  limits  of  the  settled  parts  of 
the  country.  The  Amazon,  however  (here  called  Maranon), 
is  navigable  to  Borja  for  large  vessels,  and  for  lighter  craft 
to  Chuchunga.  Flowing  into  it  are  the  Santiago,  Marana, 
Pastafa  or  Pastaza,  Chambira,  Tigre,  Napo,  Ija  or  Putu- 
mayo,  and  Caqueta  or  Japura, — the  last  three  rivers  of  from 
600  to  1000  miles  in  length,  and  all  having  a  S.E.  course. 
The  communication  by  post  with  the  settlements  of  the  in- 
terior, on  the  banks  of  the  Maranon,  is  carried  on  to  a  con- 
siderable extent  by  means  of  Indians,  who,  with  the  packets 
of  letters  tied  in  a  handkerchief  round  the  head,  swim  for 
300  or  400  miles  down  the  great  river,  aided  only  by  a  balsa 
or  float  of  light  wood.  On  the  W.  side  of  the  mountains 
the  chief  rivers  are  the  Mira,  the  Esmeralda,  so  called  from, 
the  ancient  emerald-mines  on  its  banks,  and  the  Guayas, 
formed  by  the  junction  of  the  Caracol  and  the  Daule.  This 
river  affords  an  important  commercial  channel.  The  estu- 
ary at  its  mouth,  being  protected  towards  the  sea  by  the 
large  island  of  Puna,  forms  a  secure  and  capacious  harbor, 
called  the  Gulf  of  Puna.  This  island  is  remarkable  as 
having  been  the  landing-place  of  Pizarro  when,  in  1530,  he 
led  his  adventurous  band  to  the  conquest  of  Peru.  Guay- 
aquil, one  of  the  principal  gulfs  on  the  Pacific  coast,  lies 
partly  within  the  republic  of  Ecuador, 

On  the  plain  of  Quito,  9543  feet  above  the  sea,  ther» 
reigns  a  perpetual  spring,  with  a  temperature  so  constant 
that  even  the  snow-line  on  the  surrounding  mountains  seems, 
hardly  to  vary  throughout  the  year.  The  absolute  height 
of  the  line  of  perpetual  congelation  is  here  about  15,700 
feet,  which  is  considerably  lower  than  in  Bolivia,  where, 
owing  to  the  dryness  of  the  climate,  the  fall  of  snow  is 
scanty.  At  Quito  the  rain  is  abundant,  falling  generally 
for  a  few  hours  in  the  afternoon,  and  rarely  so  constant  or 
so  heavy  as  to  mar  seriously  the  enjoyment  derived  from 
the  usually  bright  sky  and  delicious  atmosphere.  It  is  pop- 
ularly believed  that  since  the  earthquake  of  1797  the  tern-' 
perature  of  Quito  and  the  adjoining  valley  has  been  lower 
than  before;  but  it  does  not  appear  that  any  change  has 
taken  place  in  the  vegetable  productions  of  the  country, 
since  that  event.  Farther  S.,  in  Loja,  and  E.,  in  the  plains, 
there  is  less  rain  than  at  Quito,  while  in  the  opposite  direc- 
tion, towards  Barbacoas,  it  rains  nearly  every  day.  The 
country  round  Guayaquil  is  inundated  to  a  great  extent, 
in  the  rainy  season  (July),  after  which  it  remains  for  some 
months  a  pestilential  marsh,  from  which  issue  incredible 
multitudes  of  reptiles  and  insects.  The  exemption  enjoyed 
by  Quito  and  the  elevated  valleys  from  these  plagues  is 
counterbalanced  by  their  liability  to  violent  earthquakes. 
The  high  lands  are  often  visited,  too,  by  gusts  of  wind  oi 
indescribable  violence. 

The  puma,  and  the  still  more  formidable  jaguar,  together 
with  the  black  bear,  frequent  the  mountains  near  Quito,  and. 
descend  even  to  the  sea-shore.  The  tapir  is  one  of  the 
largest  of  the  wild  quadrupeds ;  deer  are  numerous,  but 
generally  small.  The  sloth,  bats,  cavies,  iguanas,  much  prized 
as  delicate  food,  and  monkeys  of  many  species  people  the 
interminable  forests.  The  birds,  reptiles,  and  insects  are 
far  too  numerous  to  be  specified.  On  the  sea-coast  life  is 
rendered  miserable  by  the  incessant  stings  of  flies  and  in- 
sects; snakes  lie  coiled  in  the  path  of  the  traveller ;  and 
the  banks  of  every  stream  are  guarded  by  alligators.  Fish 
of  many  kinds  are  inconceivably  abundant  along  the  shore, 
but,  owing  to  the  great  heat  of  the  climate,  they  are  of  little 
value;  they  feed,  however,  myriads  of  birds  of  various  spe- 
cies, and  the  condor,  among  the  rest,  is  said  to  visit  the' 
beach  twice  a  day  from  his  home  on  the  highest  Andes — 100 
miles  distant — to  feast  on  the  shell-fish. 

The  botanical  productions  of  this  country  are  many  and 
valuable.  The  cinchona  (Jesuits'  bark)  of  Loja  is  of  the 
best  kind,  and  seven  species  of  this. genus  are  here  found.' 


XCIf 


1094 


EDE 


Tli«  OMM  of  the  same  locnUty.  and  of  the  ooMt  near  QaaT- 
•qall,  i>  excellent.  Rice  and  nepper  are  oultivated  In  the 
low  countnr,  while  the  plain  of  Quito  produces  sugar-cane, 
ootton,  maize,  nnd,  higher  up,  wheat  and  barley.  Wheat, 
which  hero  utUiin*  the  greatest  jierfection,  and  Is  extremely 
prollflo,  partioularly  when  grown  on  irrigated  landd,  may 
D«  regarded  lui  the  characteristic  prmluot  of  this  country. 
Among  the  native  products  are  the  potato,  the  quinon,  the 
wax-palm,  India-rubber,  oopnl,  dragon's  blood,  and  many 
valuable  kinds  of  timber.  CofTee,  vegetable  ivory,  leather, 
Panama  hats,  cacao,  skins,  India-rubber,  cinchona,  bamboos, 
sarsaparilla,  archil,  matioo,  Ac,  are  leading  articles  of  ex- 
port. In  the  equable  climate  of  Quito  wheat  can  ripen  at 
any  time  of  the  year,  and  the  season  of  sowing  it  depends 
in  the  several  localities  on  slight  differences  of  elevation. 
An  Indigenous  species  of  tobacco,  very  mild,  and  rendered 
fragrant  by  the  process  of  drying,  is  oultivated  in  the  neigh- 
borhood of  Loja.  The  vast  forests  cf  largo  timber,  and  the 
abundance  of  tropical  fruits  on  the  sides  and  chiefly  at  the 
W.  foot  of  the  Andes,  add  little  to  the  wealth  of  the  state, 
and  servo  at  present  only  to  shelter  and  support  a  few  tribes 
of  wild  Indians.  Agriculture  is  in  a  low  condition  in  this 
as  in  the  neighboring  states,  being  largely  in  the  hands  of 
the  aboriginal  race. 

The  Indians  of  Ecuador  may  bo  considered  industrious, 
though  they  never  manifest  great  energy.  They  weave  cot- 
ton cloth,  and  make  quilts  and  carpets,  which  last  are  highly 
prized  on  account  of  their  brilliant  and  unchangeable  colors. 
Their  pottery  also  merits  commendation.  The  Indians  are 
the  miners,  the  agriculturists,  the  herdsmen,  and,  to  a  great 
extent,  the  manufacturers.  On  the  coast  they  formerly  car- 
ried on  a  profitable  pearl-fishery  ;  but  of  late  years  this  has 
been  abandoned,  chiefly  owing,  it  is  said,  to  the  dread  of  a 
largo  cuttle-fish,  the  grasp  of  which  is  fatal  to  the  divers. 
That  the  natives  are  not  deficient  in  nautical  skill  and  bold- 
ness is  evident  from  their  balsas  or  rafts  made  of  light  wood, 
on  which  they  often  venture  to  sea  and  make  voyages  of 
200  or  .300  miles  along  the  coast.  The  native  ingenuity  is 
further  manifested  in  the  taravitas  or  rope  bridges  thrown 
over  torrents  and  across  profound  chasms.  The  commerce 
of  Ecuador  is  very  small,  and  is  chiefly  carried  on  through 
the  ports  of  Colombia  and  Peru,  and  through  Guayaquil. 
In  1887  there  were  40  miles  of  railway  in  operation  and 
60  miles  in  course  of  building. 

The  form  of  government  is  republican,  with  a  president 
and  vice-president  as  the  head,  who,  in  conjunction  with 
a  senate  and  a  house  of  representatives,  constitute  the  law- 
making power.  Men  of  all  races  and  complexions  are  polit- 
ically equal.  Religious  liberty,  freedom  of  the  press,  and 
election  to  office  are  established  by  law.  But  the  whites  or 
Spanish  Creoles,  though  numerically  weak,  still  maintain  a 
lea<ling  position  by  means  of  their  superior  education  and 
intelligence.  In  dress  and  domestic  manners  these  people 
differ  in  nothing  from  the  natives  of  Peru.  The  Spaniards 
are  much  given  to  indolent  enjoyment,  swinging  in  ham- 
mocks, and  smoking  cigars.  A  very  broad  hat,  braided 
jacket  and  breeches,  coarse  buskins  on  bare  legs,  and  spurs 
with  rowels  of  enormous  size,  form  the  dress  of  the  peasant. 
The  cavalier  generally  hides  his  other  finery  beneath  an 
ample  cloak  of  cloth  or  velvet.  The  Spanish  language  is 
spoken,  but  education  is  in  a  backward  state. 

Departments. — Ecuador  is  at  present  divided  into  17  de- 
partments, viz.,  Azogues  6  Catiar,  Azuay,  Bolivar,  Carchi, 
Chimborazo,  Esmeruldas,  Galdpagos,  Uuayas,  Imbabura, 
L^on,  Loja,  Los  Rios,  Manabi,  Oriente,  Oro,  Picbinoha, 
and  Tungurahua. 

Chief  Towns. — The  chief  towns  are  Quito,  the  capital, 
with  80,000  inhabitants;  Guayaquil,  the  chief  port  of  the 
Itate,  and  next  to  Quito  in  population ;  Riobamba,  near 
Chimborazo;  Tacunga,  Ibarra,  Ambato;  Cuenca,  which 
ranks  next  to  Guayaquil  in  population;  Loja,  Esmeraldas, 
and  Zaruma. 

Poputatitm,  ikc. — Of  the  population  of  Ecuador  the  abo- 
riginal race,  speaking  the  Quichua  or  some  cognate  lan- 
guage, form  more  than  half;  the  rest  are  negroes,  mulattoes, 
mestizos,  zaiubos,  and  whites,  the  last  a  small  minority. 
The  negroes  are  comparatively  few,  and  chiefly  on  the  coast. 
Population  in  1885,  according  to  the  census.  1,004,651. 

In  the  time  of  the  Incas  the  mountain-region  from  Quito 
S.  ranked  next  to  the  plains  round  Titicaca  as  the  seat  of 
Peruvian  civilization,  and  tho  remains  of  royal  roads  or 
causeways,  and  of  tambos  or  palaces,  at  Cayambo  and  on 
Asuay  (more  than  13,000  feet  above  the  sea),  still  attest 
the  perseverance,  grandeur  of  design,  and  careful  workman- 
ship of  the  natives. 

Quito  formed  part  of  the  viceroyalty  of  Peru  till  1564, 
when  it  was  erected  into  a  separate  presidency.     In  1717  it 


was  annexed  to  New  Granada,  but  at  the  end  of  five  years 
returned  to  its  former  separate  condition,  and  so  continued 
till  the  revolution  which  broke  out  in  1809.  The  first  at* 
tempts  at  insurrection  were  twice  suppressed ;  and  it  wag 
not  till  1822  that  the  royalists  were  finally  vanquished  in 
Quito,  which  then  united  with  New  Granada  and  Venezuela 
to  form  the  republic  of  Colombia.  Continued  troubles  and 
revolts  harassed  the  new  republic,  till  at  Inst,  in  1831,  the 
three  ill-united  states  agreed  to  separate  and  to  form  so 
many  Independent  republics,  dividing  equitably  between 
them  the  Colombian  debt.  On  this  occasion  Quito,  with  its 
associated  provinces,  took  tho  name  of  Ecuador.  No  South 
American  republic  has  suffered  more  than  Ecuador  from  bad 
govprninont  and  from  conccquent  revolutions. 

Ecally,  i'ki.rieo',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Rh6ne,  3  miles  from  Lyons.     Pop.  1912. 

Ecureuils,  Quebec.     See  Les  EciiREniLS. 

Edam,  iM4m',  an  island  on  the  N.  cmvst  of  Java,  % 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Batavia,  about  2  miles  in  circuit. 

Edam,  A'dlm'  (L.  Edionnm),  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands,  in  North  Holland,  with  a  port  on  the  Znyder  Zee,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Amsterdam.     Pop.  3350. 

E'day,  one  of  the  Orkney  Islands,  between  Westray  and 
Stronsay,  6i  miles  in  length.     Pop.  822. 

Edd,  Wd,  a  maritime  village  of  Abyssinia,  lat.  13°  68' 
N.,  Ion.  41°  40'  E.,  on  a  sandy  plain. 

Ed  Damcr,  Ed  Dahmer,  M  dah'm^r,  or  .\d  Da- 
rner, &d  dah'm^r,  a  town  of  Nubia,  on  the  right  bank  of 
the  Nile,  at  the  influx  of  the  Atbara,  80  miles  N.  of  Shendy. 

Edder,  a  river  of  Germany.    See  Edkh. 

Ed'dington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  on 
the  B.  bank  of  the  Penobscot  River,  5  miles  above  Bangor. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  spools. 

Eddington,  a  post-village  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  13  miles 
N.E.  of  Kensington  Station,  Philadelphia. 

Eddy,  fid'dee,  an  island  of  Ireland,  in  Galway  Bay,  co. 
and  5  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Galway.     Pop.  69. 

Ed'dy,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Eddy  co.,  New  Mexico, 
29  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Red  Bluff,  and  75  miles  (direct)  S. 
of  Roswell.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  oflices, 
and  manufactures  of  beet-sugar,  ice,  Ac.     Pop.  278. 

Eddy,  a  post-village  of  McLennan  co.,  Tex.,  19  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Waco.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  700. 

Ed'dy  Creek,  of  Kentucky,  rises  in  Caldwell  co.,  runs 
S.W.,  and  enters  the  Cumberland  River  in  Lyon  co. 

Ed'dystone,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co..  Pa.,  2 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Chester, 

Ed'dystone  Island,  a  small  island  in  the  Pacific,  E. 
of  Papua.  Lat.  8°  18'  S.;  Ion.  156°  30'  40"  E.  The  na- 
tives, who  are  black  and  have  woolly  hair,  are  cannibals. 

Ed'dystone  Rocks,  in  the  English  Channel,  off  the 
coast  of  Cornwall,  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Plymouth  Breakwater. 
Lat.  50°  10'  54"  N.;  Ion.  4°  15'  53"  AV.  Here  is  a  light- 
house built  in  1769,  of  Portland  stone  encased  in  granite, 
about  100  feet  high,  and  furnished  with  16  powerful  argand 
burners,  which  give  a  fixed  light  of  the  first  magnitude. 

Ed'dytown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yates  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
W.  shore  of  Seneca  Lake,  1 1  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Penn 
Yan.     It  contains  a  church  and  the  Starkey  Seminary. 

Ed'dyville,  a  post-hamlct  of  Pope  co.,  111.,  about  60 
miles  N.E.  of  Cairo. 

Eddyville,  a  post-town  of  Wapello  co.,  Iowa,  on  thcDes 
Moines  River,  16  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Ottumwa,  and  14 
miles  N.E.  of  Albia.  It  has  a  bank,  6  churches,  a  news- 
paper oflice,  a  saw-mill,  3  flouring-mills,  a  broom-factory, 
a  fine  wagon-bridge  across  the  river,  and  manufactures  of 
furniture,  ploughs,  and  woollen  goods.     Pop.  816. 

Eddyville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lyons  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  Cumberland  River,  46  miles  from  its 
mouth,  37  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Paducah,  and  12  miles  S.W. 
of  Princeton.    It  has  a  court-house  and  5  churches.    P.  680. 

Eddyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  5 
miles  N.E.  of  Middleborough  Station. 

Eddyville,  a  post-office  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
40  miles  S.  of  Buflalo. 

Eddyville,  a  village  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Rondont 
Creek,  2i  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  at  the  N.  terminus  of 
the  Delaware  &  Hudson  Canal,  2  or  3  miles  S.W.  of  Kings- 
ton. It  has  a  manufactory  of  cement  and  2  churches 
Pop.  about  800, 

Eddyville,  a  post-village  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa.,  on 
Mahoning  Creek,  about  15  miles  N.E.  of  Kittanning.  It 
has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill, 

Ede,  Eedc,  d.'d?h,  or  Eden,  i'd§n,  a  town  of  th« 
Netherlands,  in  Gelderland,  11  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of 
Amhem.    Pop.  of  commune,  10,982. 


EDE 


1095 


EDE 


Edeleney,  iMi^lfiii',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Borsod, 
on  the  Bodva,  12  miles  N.  of  Miskolcz.     Pop.  2531). 

Edelfingcn,  A'dQl-fing'en,  a  village  of  WUrtemberg, 
on  the  Tauber,  2  miles  N.N.VV.  of  Mergentheim.    Pop.  1141. 

E'den,  a  river  of  England,  rising  in  Westmoreland, 
flows  N.W.  through  Cumberland  into  Solway  Firth.  Length, 
48  miles. 

Eden,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Ede. 

Eden,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife,  flows  into  the 
Bay  of  St.  Andrews,  in  the  North  Sea. 

Eden,  a  river  of  Scotland,  joins  the  Tweed  3i  miles 
below  Kelso,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  18  miles. 

E'den,  a  post- village  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Ala.,  3J  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Pell  City,  and  18  miles  (direct)  S.  by  W.  of 
Ashville.  It  has  3  churches,  saw-,  planing-,  and  grist- 
mills, Ac.     Pop.  about  300. 

Eden,  a  post-office  of  Columbia  co.,  Ark. 

Eden,  a  township  of  Alameda  co.,  Cal.  Pop.  7336. 
It  contains  San  Leandro  and  Hayward. 

Eden,  a  hamlet,  capital  of  Bryan  co.,  Ga.,  8  miles  N.W. 
of  Way's  Station. 

Eden,  a  post-ofiice  and  station  of  Effingham  co.,  Ga., 
near  the  Ogeechee  Kiver,  and  on  the  Central  Georgia  Rail- 
road, 20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Savannah. 

Eden,  a  township  of  La  Salle  co..  111.  Pop.  1523.  It 
Contains  the  village  of  Tonica. 

Eden,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co.,  Ind.,  on  Sugar 
Creek,  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Indianapolis.     It  has  a  church. 

Eden,  a  township  of  La  Grange  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  930. 

Eden,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  782. 

Eden,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  172. 

Eden,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  946.  It 
contains  Low  Moor. 

Eden,  a  township  of  Decatur  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1108. 

Eden,  a  post-village  in  Eden  township,  Fayette  co., 
Iowa,  on  Crane  Creek,  about  45  miles  N.E.  of  Cedar  Falls. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1119. 

Eden,  a  township  of  Marshall  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  693.  It 
contains  the  hamlet  of  Edenville. 

Eden,  a  township  of  Sao  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  173. 

Eden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Atchison  co.,  Kansas,  about  10 
Biles  N.W.  of  Atchison. 

Eden,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co..  Ky.,  at  Williamson 
Station  on  the  railroad  between  Louisville  and  Shelbyville, 
14  miles  E.  of  Louisville.     Here  is  a  church. 

Eden,  a  hamlet,  capital  of  Martin  co.,  Ky.,  65  miles  8. 
of  Huntington,  W,  Va.  Coal  is  found  near  it.  Pop,  about 
100.     Here  is  Inez  Post-Office. 

Eden,  a  post-township  of  Hancock  co.,  Me.,  is  the  N.E. 
part  of  Mount  Desert  Island,  and  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
Frenchman's  Bay.  It  presents  very  picturesque  scenery, 
and  contains  a  village  named  Bar  Harbor,  which  is  a 
fashionable  summer  resort.    Eden  has  4  churches.    P.  1195, 

Eden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co.,  Md.,  on  the  East- 
ern Shore  Railroad,  13  miles  S.  of  Delmar.  It  has  a  steam 
law-mill. 

Eden,  a  post-village  of  Ingham  co.,  Mich.,  4  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Mason,  and  16  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Lansing.  It  has 
a  church,  5  fruit-evaporators,  Ac.     Pop.  200. 

Eden,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  878. 

Eden,  a  post-village  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Eden  town- 
ship, on  the  Buffalo  &  Jamestown  Railroad,  at  Eden  Centre 
Station,  18i  miles  S.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  4  churches,  a  pack- 
ing-factory for  canned  goods,  a  saw-mill,  and  manufactures 
of  cheese,  lumber,  barrels,  and  wagons.  Pop.  about  600 ; 
of  the  to\Vnship,  2288. 

Eden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C.,  about  90 
miles  W.  of  Raleigh. 

Eden,  or  Edin,  a  village  in  Brown  township,  Dela- 
ware CO.,  0.,  on  Alum  Creek,  24  miles  N.  of  Columbus,  and 
3  miles  from  Eden  Station  (or  Leonardsburg).  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  191.     Here  is  Kilbourne  Post-Office. 

Eden,  a  township  of  Seneca  co.,  0.     Pop.  1343. 

Eden,  a  hamlet  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  in  Lordstown  town- 
Bhip,  5  miles  W.  of  Niles. 

Eden,  a  township  of  Wyandot  co.,  0.  Pop.  1605,  ex- 
clusive of  Nevada.     It  contains  Edenville. 

Eden,  a  post-village  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  23  miles  by  rail 
(Langhorne  Station)  N.  by  E.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a 
church,  an  academy,  a  lumber-mill,  and  manufactures  of 
cottons,  woollens,  &c.     Pop.  about  300. 

Eden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C.,  12  miles 
N.W.  of  Laurens  Court-House. 

Eden,  a  post-village  of  Concho  co.,  Tex.,  19  miles  (di- 
rect) S.  of  Paint  Rock. 

Eden,  a  post-township  of  Lamoille  co.,  Vt.,  about  35 
miles  N.  of  Montpelier.    Its  surface  is  mountainous.    It 


has  2  churches,  7  saw-mills,  a  tub-factory,  a  chair- factory, 
a  grist-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  851. 

Eden,  a  post-township  of  Fond  du  Lac  co..  Wis.,  about 
9  miles  S.E.  of  Fond  du  Lac.  It  contains  a  station  and 
village  named  Eden,  on  the  railroad  between  Milwaukee  and 
Fond  du  Lac,  8  miles  S.E.  of  the  latter.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  1476. 

Eden,  a  village  of  Iowa  co..  Wis.,  12  miles  N.  of  Min- 
eral Point.     It  has  a  church.     Near  it  is  Cobb  Post-Office. 

E'den,  a  seapo.-t  of  New  South  Wales,  on  Twofold  Bay, 
283  miles  S.  of  Sydney.  Pop.  300.  The  harbor  is  large 
and  safe. 

E'den,  a  post-village  in  Elgin  co.,  Ontario,  20  miles  S. 
of  Ingersoll.     Pop.  150. 

E'denbnrg,  a  borough  of  Clarion  co..  Pa.,  in  Beaver 
township,  on  the  railroad  between  Emlenton  and  Shippen- 
ville,  15  miles  E.  of  Emlenton,  and  about  18  miles  S.L.  of 
Oil  City.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  2  machine-shops,  a 
planing-mill,  and  several  oil-wells.  Pop.  about  1500.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Knox. 

Edenburg,  a  post- village  of  Shenandoah  co.,  Va.,  near 
the  North  Fork  of  Shenandoah  River,  and  on  a  branch 
of  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  36  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Win- 
chester. It  has  4  churches,  2  flouring-mills,  2  saw-mills, 
and  a  woollen-mill.     Pop.  452. 

Eden  Centre,  New  York.    See  Eden. 

E'dendale,  a  hamlet  of  Alameda  co.,  Cal.,  1  mile  from 
Melrose  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  female  seminary,  a 
church,  and  safety-fuse-works. 

E'dender'ry,  a  town  of  Ireland,  King's  co.,  32i  mile* 
W.  of  Dublin.     Pop.  1873. 

Edenkoben,  i'd^n-ko^b^n,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Bavaria, 
7  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Landau.  It  has  mineral  springs  and 
important  grain-markets.     Pop.  4889. 

E'den  Lake,  a  post-township  of  Steams  co.,  Minn.,  15 
miles  N.  of  Litchfield.  It  contains  several  small  lakes,  a 
grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  286. 

Eden  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  La  Grange  co.,  Ind.,  9  milel 
W.  of  La  Grange. 

Eden  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lamoille  co.,  Vt.,  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Johnson  Station.    It  has  a  saw-mill,  Ac. 

Eden  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Wellington  co.,  Ontario, 
on  a  branch  of  the  river  Speed,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Guelph. 
It  has  large  mills,  and  a  trade  in  flour  and  grain.     P.  300. 

Eden  rrairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-township  of  Hennepin 
CO.,  Minn.,  about  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Paul,  is  bounded 
on  the  S.  by  the  Minnesota  River.     Pop.  769. 

Eden's  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn. 

Eden  Station,  a  poRt-village  of  Delaware  co.,  0.,  5 
miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Delaware,  and  30  miles  N.E.  of 
Columbus,  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  tile 
ditching  machines.  Pop.  150.  The  name  of  its  post-office 
is  Leonardsburg. 

E'denton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Ky.,  6  miles 
N.W.  of  Richmond.    It  has  a  church  and  a  plough-factory, 

Edenton,  a  post-office  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y. 

Edeuton,  a  post-village,  port  of  entry,  and  capital  of 
Chowan  co.,  N.C.,  is  on  an  inlet  or  bay  which  opens  into 
Albemarle  Sound,  about  130  miles  E.  by  N.  from  Raleigh, 
and  4  miles  from  the  mouth  of  Chowan  River.  It  contains 
a  court-house,  an  academy,  6  churches,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  2205  ;  of  Edenton  township,  4227. 

Edenton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  about  30 
miles  N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  chair- 
factory.     Pop.  250. 

Eden  Vale,  a  station  in  Santa  Clara  co.,  Cal.,  on  tho 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  San  Jose. 

Eden  Valley,  a  post-villnge  of  Meeker  co.,  Minn.,  73 
miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Minneapolis,  and  13  miles  N.  of 
Litchfield.     It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  327. 

Eden  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  17  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Buffalo.     It  has  a  brewery  and  a  grist-mill. 

Edenville,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Midland 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Tittabawassee  River,  20  miles  N.W.  of 
Midland  City.     Pop.  282. 

Edenville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  in  War- 
wick township,  3i  miles  S.E.  of  Pine  Island  Station,  which 
is  12  miles  S.W.  of  Goshen.     It  has  a  church. 

Edenville,  a  hamlet  of  Eden  township,  Wyandot  co., 
0.,  on  tho  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago  Railroad,  2 
miles  W.  of  Nevada.     It  has  a  stave-factory  and  saw-mill. 

Eder,  i'der,  or  Edder,  Sd'd§r,  a  river  of  Germany, 
rises  in  Rhenish  Prussia,  42  miles  N.E.  of  Coblentz,  and 
joins  the  Fulda  8  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Cassel. 

E'der,  a  town  of  India,  100  miles  N.N.W.  of  Barodiu 

Edern,  ^.M^nn',  a  town  of  France,  in  Finistdre,  8 
miles  S.E.  of  Chateaulin.     Pop.  1873. 


EDB 


lOOfr 


EDO 


Eder'nion*  a  beautiful  valley  of  North  Wales,  co.  of 
Merioneth,  between  Corwen  and  Bala. 

Edet*  (eedi)  Falla*  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  oo., 
lie.,  in  Naples  township,  on  Crooked  lUver,  33  miles  N.W. 
of  Portland.     It  has  niiinufacturos  of  barrels,  kegs,  do. 

Edeahoitn,  &'dv8-hune\  a  town  of  liavaria,  IVIatinato, 
OB  the  Quoioh,  A  miles  N.  of  Lnndau.     Pop.  1886. 

Kdessa.     See  Oorfa  and  Vodina. 

Edesvilief  eeds'vll,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  Md.,  6 
nilee  8.W.  of  Fairlee. 

Edeta^  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  LiniA. 

Edfoo,  Kdlou,  or  Edfu,  cd'foo^  (ano.  Apolllnop'olit 
ilny'tin  ;  Coptio,  Atbo),  a  village  of  Egj-pt,  on  the  W.  hank 
of  the  Nile,  60  miles  S.8.E.  of  Thebes,  consisting  of  a  clus- 
ter of  mud  huts,  around  tome  of  the  finest  ruins  in  Egypt. 
Pop.  from  1500  to  2000,  Arabs  and  Copts.  The  remains  of 
antiquity  comprise  a  quay  and  2  fine  temples,  both  of  which 
appear  tu  have  been  constructed  in  the  nge  of  the  Ptolemies. 

Ed'gar,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Illinois,  bordering 
on  Indiiinii,  has  an  area  of  about  R30  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  small  affluents  of  the  Wabash  llivor.  The  sur- 
face is  unduliiting  or  nearly  level,  and  the  soil  is  very  fertile. 
The  county  has  extensive  prairies,  and  is  liberally  supplied 
with  timber.  Indian  corn,  whent,  buy,  oats,  pork,  and 
butter  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Terre  Ilaute  k  Peoria,  and  Cleveland,  Cincin- 
nati, Chicago  k  St.  Louis  Railroads,  both  of  which  com- 
municate with  Paris,  the  capital.  The  Chicago  k  Ohio 
Kiver,  Indianapolis,  Decatur  A  Western,  and  Toledo,  St. 
Louis  k  Kansas  City  Railroads  also  traverse  the  county. 
Coal  is  found  here.  Pop.  in  1870,  21,450;  in  1880,  25,499; 
in  1890,  26,787. 

Edgar^  a  post-village  of  Edgar  co..  111.,  10  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Paris.     It  hns  2  churches. 

Edgar,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co.,  Neb.,  on  the  St. 
Joseph  <fc  Denver  City  Railroad,  66  miles  E.  of  Kearney 
Junction,  and  48  miles  N.W.  of  Fairbury.  It  has  6  churches, 
2  banks,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  1105. 

Edgar,  a  hamlet  of  Obion  co-,  Tcnn.,  is  near  the  Obion 
River,  at  McConnell  Station  on  the  railroad  from  Cairo, 
III.,  to  New  Orleans,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Fulton,  Ky.  It  has  a 
Stenm  saw-mill  and  a  fiouring-raill. 

Edgar,  or  Rich'ardson's  Corners,  a  post-village 
in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Barrie.  It  has  2 
saw-mills,  a  potash-factory,  and  3  churches.     Pop.  100. 

Ed^gard',  a  post-village  of  St.  John  Baptist  parish. 
La.,  1  mile  from  St.  John  Station,  and  35  miles  W.  by  N. 
of  New  Orleans.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  an 
academy,  and  manufactures  of  sugar. 

Ed'gar  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Phelps  co.,  Mo.,  20 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Rolla. 

Edgarton,  a  village  of  Kansas.     See  EDGKRToy. 

Ed'gartown,  a  post-village  and  port  of  entry,  capital 
of  Dukes  CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  on  the  E.  shore 
of  Martha's  Vineyard,  and  on  the  Martha's  Vineyard  Rail- 
road, 5  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Cottage  City,  and  about  30  miles 
S.E.  of  New  Bedford.  It  has  an  excellent  and  safe  harbor, 
a  court-house,  3  churches,  a  national  bank,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1156. 

Edgecomb,  ej'kpm,  a  post-township  of  Lincoln  co., 
Me.,  about  2  miles  S.E.  of  Wiscasset.  It  ia  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  Damariscotta  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  an  inlet  of  the 
8ea.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  749. 

Edgecombe,  ^j'kgm,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central 
part  of  North  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  520  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Tar  River,  and  also  drained  by 
Fishing  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  a  large  part 
of  it  is  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  pine  abounds. 
The  soil  is  mostly  sandy  and  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
sweet  potatoes,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Wilmington  k  Weldon,  Nor- 
folk k  Carolina,  and  Albemarle  k  Raleigh  Railroads.  Capi- 
tal, Tarborough.  Pop.  in  1870,  22,970;  in  1880,26,181; 
in  1890,  21,113. 

Edgecombe,  a  post-villnge  in  Perth  co.,  Ontario,  18 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Stratford.     Pop.  100. 

Edgecombville,  gj'kpm-vll,  a  hamlet  of  Tioga  co.. 
Pa.,  in  Westfield  township. 

Edge  Cove,  the  terminus  of  the  Tuckerton  Railroad, 
is  in  Little  Egg  Harbor  township,  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  2 
miles  from  Tuiekcrton,  and  74  miles  from  Philadelphia. 
Here  passengers  for  Beach  Haven  and  13ond's  take  the 
steamer  on  Tuckerton  Bay. 

Edgecumbe  (gj'kum)  Bay,  in  Australia,  is  an  inlet 
of  the  Pacific  Ocean.     Lat.  20°  S.;  Ion.  147°  30'  B. 

Edgefield,  6j'feeld,  a  county  of  South  Carolina,  bor- 
dering on  Georgia,  has  an  area  of  about  1352  square  miles. 


It  ia  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Saluda  River,  and  on  the 
S.W.  by  the  Savannah  River.  The  surface  is  diversified 
by  hills  of  moderate  height,  and  is  partly  covered  with  ez< 
tensive  forests.  The  soil  Is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  the  Carolina,  Cumberland  Gap  k  Chicago 
and  Richmond  k  Dnnville  Railroads,  the  former  commu- 
nicating with  Edgetield  Court-House,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  42.486;  in  1880,  45,844;  in  1890,  49,259. 

Kdgcficid,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Fayette  co.,  0. 

Edgefield,  formerly  a  city  of  Davidson  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  N.  bank  of  the  Cumberland  River,  but  now  part  of  the 
city  of  Na.shville,  known  as  East  Nashville.  It  has  a 
female  seminary,  10  churches,  manufactures  of  brooms, 
cedar-ware,  furniture,  pumps,  4o. 

Edgefield  Court-House,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Edgefield  co.,  S.C,  about  60  miles  W.S.W.  of  Columbia, 
and  24  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Aiken.  It  has  7  churches, 
2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of  cotton 
seed  oil  and  bricks.     Pop.  1168. 

Edgefield  Junction,  a  post- village  of  Davidson  co., 
Tenn.,  at  the  junction  of  two  railroads,  10  miles  N.  of 
Nashville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Edge'hill,  a  ridge  in  England,  co.  of  Warwick,  7  miles 
N.W,  of  Banbury,  llcre  was  fought,  in  1642,  the  first  bat- 
tle between  Charles  I.  and  the  Parliamentary  forces.  At- 
the  foot  of  the  hill  is  the  Vale  of  Red  Horse,  so  called  from 
the  colossal  figure  of  a  horse  cut  on  the  side  of  the  hill. 

Edgehill,  in  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  a  suburb  of 
Liverpool.     Here  is  the  Liverpool  Botanic  Garden. 

Edge  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Reynolds  co..  Mo. 

Edge  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  12 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a  chapel,  an  iron- 
furnace,  and  a  limestone-quarry. 

Edgeley,  Sj'lo,  a  post-village  of  La  Moure  co.,  N.D., 
27  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Ellendale,  and  21  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  La  Moure.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  and  2 
newspaper  offices.     Pop.  200. 

Edgemont,  ej'mont,  a  post-township  of  Delaware  co.. 
Pa.,  about  15  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  contains  How- 
ellville,  with  2  cotton -factories.     Pop.  567. 

Edge  Moor,  a  post-village  of  New  Castle  co,  Del.,  on 
the  Delaware  River,  near  Edge  Moor  Station  of  the  Phila- 
delphia, Wilmington  k  Baltimore  Railroad,  3  miles  N.E. 
of  Wilmington.  It  has  rolling-mills  and  manufactures  of 
iron  bridges,  roof-trusses,  Ac. 

Edgemoor,  ej'moor,  a  station  in  Cook  co..  111.,  on  the 
Baltimore  k  Ohio  Railroad,  21  miles  S.  of  the  terminal 
station  in  Chicago. 

Edg'erton,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co.,  Kansas,  36 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Kansas  City,  and  about  12  miles  S.W. 
of  Olathe.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  flour-mill, 
an  elevator,  and  manufactures  of  beehives.     Pop.  321. 

Edgerton,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  17  miles 
by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
grist-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Edgerton,  a  post-village  of  Pipe  Stone  co.,  Minn.,  14 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Pipe  Stone.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  ifce.     Pop.  178. 

Edgerton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Platte  co..  Mo.,  12  miles 
by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Plattsburg,  and  12  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Platte  City.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office, 
Ac.     Pop.  482. 

Edgerton,  a  post-village  of  Williams  co.,  0.,  on  the 
St.  Joseph  River,  10  miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Bryan,  and 
74  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Toledo.  It  has  6  churches,  graded 
schools,  a  newspaper  office,  a  basket-factory,  and  woollen- 
mills.     Pop.  967. 

Edgerton,  a  post-village  of  Charles  Mix  co.,  S.D.,  16 
miles  N.  of  Wheeler.  It  has  a  church,  2  banks,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  100. 

Edgerton,  a  post-village  of  Rook  co.,  Wis.,  25  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Madison,  and  about  10  miles  N.  of  Janes- 
vllle.  It  has  6  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  pottery, 
cigar-factories,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  1595. 

Edg'ett's  Landing,  a  post-village  in  Albert  co..  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  Petitcodiao  River,  24  miles  from  Salis- 
bury.    Pop.  250. 

Edgewater,  5j'wi-t?r,  a  post-village  and  summer  re- 
sort of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Hudson  River,  8  miles 
above  New  York.     It  has  a  church  and  several  fine  villa?.' 

Edgewater,  a  village  in  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Camden  A  Amboy  Railroad,  2 
miles  S.W.  of  Burlington,  and  1  mile  N.W.  of  Beverly. 

Edgewater,  a  village  of  Richmond  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  Stateh 
Island,  and  on  New  York  Bay,  at  Vanderbilt  Station  on 
the  Staten  Island  Railroad,  in  the  townships  of  Middlef- 


EDO 


1097 


EDI 


town  and  Southfield.  It  has  9  churches,  a  savings-bank, 
an  academy,  an  educational  institute,  and  manufactures  of 
candles,  felt,  beer,  carriages,  hats,  machinery,  paper,  Ac. 
It  adjoins  the  village  of  Stapleton.     Pop.  in  1890,  14,265. 

Edgewater,  a  borough  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  River  and  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  11 
miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg.     Pop.  380. 

Edgewater,  a  post-offico  of  Grayson  co.,  Va. 

Edgewood,  ej'wood,  a  post-village  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ga., 
about  3  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  2  churches,  an 
academy,  a  cotton-seed-oil  mill,  and  chemical  works.  Pop. 
about  600. 

Edgewood,  a  post-village  of  Effingham  co.,  111.,  at  the 
junction  of  2  railroads,  86  miles  S.E.  of  Springfield,  and  15 
.  miles  S.S.W.  of  Eilingham.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  barrel- 
;  factory.     Pop.  255. 

EdgCAVOod,  a  post- village  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  99 
miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Davenport.  It  has  2  churches, 
several  saw-mills,  brick-  and  tile-works,  and  manufactures 
of  railroiid-ties.     Pop.  500. 

Edgewood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  near 
Chesapeake  Bay,  21  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Baltimore. 
It  has  2  vegetable-canneries. 

Edgewood,  a  post-village  of  Gratiot  co.,  Mich.,  9  miles 
(direct)  E.  by  N.  of  Ithaca.  It  has  several  lumber-,  shingle-, 
and  saw-mills. 

Edgewood,  a  post-office  of  Robeson  co.,  N.C. 

Edgewood,  or  Edgewood  Park,  a  borough  of 
Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  7  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has 
a  church,  a  public  school,  and  manufactures  of  signals. 

EdgCAVOod,  a  post-office  of  Van  Zandt  co.,  Te.v.,  on 
the  Te.\as  &  Pacific  Railroad,  53  miles  E.  of  Dallas. 

Edgeworth,  ej 'worth,  a  station  in  Middlesex  co.,  Mass., 
OB  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Boston. 

Edgeworth,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn.,  13 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Bristol. 

Edgeworthstown,  6j'worths-t6wn,  or  Mos'trim,  a 
town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  6|  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Long- 
ford.    Pop.  1136. 

Edgiiigton,  ej'ing-tQn,  a  post-village  of  Rock  Island 
CO.,  111.,  in  Edgington  township,  4  miles  from  the  Mississippi 
River,  and  15  miles  S.W.  of  the  city  of  Rock  Island.  It 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1106. 

Edgington,  a  station  in  Brooke  co.,  AV.  Va.,  on  the 
Panhandle  Railroad,  2  miles  E.  of  Steubenville,  0. 

Edgewood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Siskiyou  co.,  Cal.,  about 
70  miles  N.  of  Shasta. 

Edgwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  in  Lower 
Makefield  town8hip,on  a  branch  of  the  North  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  27  miles  N.E.  of  Philadelphia.  Here  is  a  Friends' 
Institute. 

Edin,  Delaware  co.,  0.    See  Edex. 

Edina,  a  poetical  name  of  Edinburgh. 

Edi'na,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Knox  co..  Mo.,  is  on 
the  South  Fabius  River,  and  on  the  Quincy,  Missouri  & 
Pacific  Railroad.  47  miles  W.N.W.  of  Quincy,  111.,  and 
about  38  miles  N.N.E.  of  Macon  City.  It  has  a  court- 
house, a  Catholic  academy,  5  churches,  3  banks,  public 
schools,  a  broom-factory,  a  carriage-factory,  a  wagon -fac- 
tory, a  creamery,  and  3  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  1456. 

Edi'na,  a  post-village  in  Argenteuil  co.,  Quebec,  on  the 
West  River,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Grenville.  It  has  a  church, 
2  saw-mills,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Edinborough,  ed'in-bur-ruh,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mont- 
gomery CO.,  N.C,  2  miles  E.  of  the  Pedee  or  Yadkin  River, 
and  18  miles  N.  of  Lilosvillc  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Edinborough,  a  post-borough  of  Erie  co..  Pa.,  at  the 
outlet  of  Conneauttee  Lake,  18  miles  S.  of  Erie,  and  17 
miles  .JN.  of  Meadville.  It  has  a  bank,  4  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  lumber,  pumps,  sash,  and  blinds.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1107.  Here  is  the  Northwestern  State  Normal 
School. 

Ed'inburg,  a  post-village  of  Christian  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Springfield  division  of  the  Ohio  <t  Mississippi  Railroad,  18 
miles  S.E.  of  Springfield.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  bank. 

Edinburg,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
East  Fork  of  While  River,  and  on  the  Jeffersonville,  Madi- 
son <fc  Indianapolis  Railroad,  31  miles  S.S.E.  of  Indianap- 
olis, and  10  miles  N.  of  Columbus.  It  contains  5  churches,  a 
high  school,  2  banking-houses,  a  newspaper  office,  a  foundry, 
machine-shops,  a  cheese-factory,  and  manufactures  of  flour, 
lumber,  furniture,  and  starch.     Pop.  2031. 

Edinburg,  a  hamlet  of  Jones  co.,  Iowa,  about  25  miles 
S.W.  of  Dubuque. 

Edinburg,  a  township  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  on  the 
,-  W.  bank  of  the  Penobscot,  50  miles  N.  of  Bangor.    Pop.  54. 

Edinburg,  a  post-village  of  Leake  co.,  Miss.,  on  the 
70 


Pearl  River,  about  60  miles  N.E.  of  Jackson.  It  has  S 
churches  and  an  academy. 

Edinburg,  a  post-vili.ige  of  Grundy  co.,  Mo.,  6  milca 
W.  of  Trenton,  and  about  26  miles  N.N.W.  of  Chillicothe. 
It  is  the  site  of  Grand  River  College,  which  was  founded  in 
1858.     It  contains  2  churches. 

Edinburg,  a  post-village  of  Mercer  co.,  N.J.,  8  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Trenton,  and  2  miles  from  AVindsor  Station  of 
the  Camden  &  Amboy  Railroad. 

Edinburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Sacondaga  River,  about  48  miles  N.N.W.  of  Albany.  It 
has  3  churches.  Near  here  is  a  small  village  named 
Beecher's  Hollow. 

Edinburg,  a  post-village  of  Walsh  co.,  N.D.,  30  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Langdon,  and  22  miles  (direct)  AV.N.W.  of 
Grafton.     It  has  a  church. 

Edinburg,  a  post-village  of  Portage  co.,  0.,  about  20 
miles  E.  of  Akron,  and  6  miles  S.E.  of  Ravenna. 

Edinburg,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co..  Pa.,  in  Ma- 
honing township,  on  the  Ashtabula,  Youngstown  &  Pitts- 
burg Railroad,  about  5  miles  W.  of  New  Castle,  and  13  miles 
S.E.  of  Youngstown,  0.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  flouring- 
mill.     Some  petroleum  is  obtained  here. 

Edinburg,  a  village  of  Hidalgo  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Rio 
Grande,  about  60  miles  above  Brownsville. 

Edinburg,  of  Pennsylvania  and  Virginia.    See  E»E5- 

BURG. 

Edinburgh,  Win-bfir-ruh,  Edinburghshire,  W- 

jn-bur-riih-shir,  or  Mid-Lothian,  mid-lo'THe-an,  a 
county  situated  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  lowlands  of  Scot- 
land, bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Firth  of  Forth.  Area,  367 
square  miles.  The  S.E.  jiart  of  the  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Moorfoot  Hills,  a  branch  of  the  Lammermoors,  of 
Lower  Silurian  formation.  From  the  S.W.  the  Pcntland 
range  runs  towards  the  N.E.,  composed  of  porphyry,  while 
the  greenstone  hills  of  Corstorphine  extend  from  the  Firth 
of  Forth  southward,  and  are  continued  by  the  elevations  of 
the  Castle  Rock,  Arthur's  Seat,  and  Calton,  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  capital.  Carnethey,  the  most  elevated  of  the  Pent- 
land  range,  is  1802  feet  above  the  sea.  From  the  S.  the 
county  gradually  slopes  towards  the  borders  of  the  firth, 
and  on  the  E.  and  W.  extends  into  level  and  fertile  plains. 
The  principal  rivers  are  the  Water  of  Leith,  the  Esk,  the 
Almond,  and  the  Tync.  The  greater  part  of  the  county 
belongs  to  the  coal  formation,  and  coal  is  extensively 
wrought.  Sandstone  abounds,  and  is  extensively  quarried 
at  Craigleith,  Granton,  and  Hailes.  Limestone  is  found  in 
many  localities,  especially  at  Gilmerton,  Crichton,  and  Bur- 
diohouse.  Much  oil  shale  and  fire-clay  are  raised  in  the 
county.  No  metal  is  wrought  except  iron,  which  exists  in 
the  coal  strata.  The  county  is  chiefly  agricultural,  and 
farming  is  conducted  on  the  best  modern  principles.  There 
are  extensive  paper-mills,  tanneries,  chandleries,  carpet-, 
oil-,  brick-,  tile-,  and  powder-works,  foundries,  distilleries, 
breweries,  and  potteries.  Numerous  railways  traverse  the 
county.  Capital,  Edinburgh.  It  sends  one  member  to  the 
House  of  Commons.    Pop.  in  1891,  444,055. 

Edinburgh,  6d'in-biir-riih  or  fid'in-briih  (L.  Edinhur'  ■ 
gum  or  Edi'na;  Celtic,  Duned'in;  Fr.  Edimbourg,  &M&m^~ 
booR';  It.  Edinborgo,  AMin-bon'go),  the  metropolis  of  Scot- 
land, capital  of  the  above  county,  about  li  miles  from  tho 
S.  shore  of  the  Firth  of  Forth,  42  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Glasgow, 
and  393  miles  N.W.  of  London.  Lat.  55°  57'  24"  N. ;  Ion. 
3°  11'  AV.  It  is  at  the  junction  of  numerous  and  important 
railways.  The  city  stands  on  parallel  ridges,  of  consider- 
able elevation,  lying  E.  and  AV.,  and  is  remarkable  for  the 
general  excellence  and  elegance  of  its  buildings.  It  is  di- 
vided into  an  Old  Town  and  a  New  Town.  The  former  occu- 
pies the  central  and  highest  ridge;  the  loftiness  of  the 
houses  here,  rising  in  irregular  masses,  adds  greatly  to  its 
picturesque  appearance,  but,  like  most  old  towns,  it  is  ex- 
ceedingly irregular  in  the  arrangement  of  its  streets.  Thu 
New  Town  occupies  a  ridge  of  much  broader  crest  and  less 
abrupt  ascent,  to  the  N.  of  the  Old  Town.  The  houses  here 
are  built  of  white  freestone,  obtained  from  quarries  in  the 
vicinity,  and  are  remarkably  handsome.  On  the  S.  of  the 
Old  Town,  and  separated  from  it  by  a  hollow,  stands  tho 
remaining  portion  of  the  city.  The  principal  street  in  tho 
Old  Town  is  that  which  occupies  tho  crest  of  the  ridge, 
bearing,  at  different  points,  the  names  of  Canongate,  Noth- 
erbow.  High  street.  Lawn  Market,  and  Castle  Hill.  It  i* 
upwards  of  a  mile  in  length,  rising  gradually,  with  a  regu- 
lar and  steep  incline,  from  a  small  plain  at  the  E.  end  of 
the  town,  on  which  stands  the  palace  of  Holyrood,  .and  ter- 
minating in  the  huge  rock  on  which  the  castle  is  built. 
The  appearance  of  this  street  is  rendered  exceedingly  im- 
posing by  the  loftiness  and  antique  aspect  of  the  house! 


BDI 


1098 


EDI 


witli  whtoh  it  ii  lined,  many  of  them  nnging  from  fire  to 
Mren  itories  in  front  and  several  more  in  the  rear. 
Prtnoe's  street  extends  along  the  edge  of  the  hollow  which 
Mparatea  the  New  Tftwn  from  the  Old.  lioing  built  only 
on  the  N.  side,  a  magnificent  view  of  the  Old  Town,  with 
its  lordly  eastio  towering  high  and  darkly  on  its  roclcy 
ridfte,  and  of  the  intervening  valley,  is  obtained,  rendering 
it  one  of  the  most  delightful  prunionados  of  which  any  city 
ean  boost.  At  the  K.  oxtroiinty  of  this  street  is  the  Calton 
Ilill,  a  rooky  ominonco,  oouinianding  a  beautiful  view  of 
the  Firth  of  Forth  with  its  shipping  and  surrounding 
■horea.  On  the  S.  side  of  the  town  arc  the  Meadows,  a 
larg^  level  nark,  surrounded  with  trees  and  walks  for  recre- 
ation ;  adjoining  the  Meadows  are  BruntsQeld  Links,  an 
e.xtensive  common,  of  uneven  surface,  much  frequented  by 
golf-players.  From  the  higher  parts  of  the  Links,  which 
overlook  the  village  of  Morningside,  a  view  is  obtained  of 
the  Pcntland  Hills  and  of  the  intervening  valley.  Beyond 
the  E.  extremity  of  the  town  a  huge  l)clt  of  precipitous 
rock,  called  Salisbury  Crags,  rises  to  the  height  of  many 
hundred  feet  from  the  deep  valley  below.  Immediately 
behind,  a  conical  hill,  with  a  narrow,  rocky  summit,  called 
Arthur's  Seat,  towers  above  the  crags,  attaining  an  elova- 
•  tion  of  796  foot.  A  broad  pathway  winds  along  the  face 
of  the  crags,  and  a  oarriago-drive  leads  round  the  entire 
hill ;  many  points  from  both  afford  prospects  of  unrivalled 
beauty.     Many  of  the  streets  arc  traversed  by  tramways. 

In  the  Old  Town  the  most  remarkable  and,  next  to 
Ilolyrood,  the  most  interesting  public  building  is  the  cas- 
tle, composed  chiefly  of  a  cluster  of  irregular  buildings 
begirt  with  embrasured  walls.  Tho  fortress  contains  ac- 
commodation for  2000  soldiers,  an  armory,  and  a  huge 
ftiece  of  ancient  ordnance  called  Moiu  Meg,  built  of  mal- 
eable  iron  staves,  and  believed  to  have  been  forged  at 
Mons  A.D.  1486.  In  the  castle  are  kept  the  ancient  regalia 
or  "  honors"  of  Scotland. 

Adjoining  Ilolyrood  Palace  on  the  N.  side  are  tho  ruins 
of  tho  chapel  belonging  to  the  abbey  of  Ilolyrood,  founded 
in  1128  by  David  I.,  the  only  portion  of  that  establishment 
now  remaining.  A  privilege  of  sanctuary  for  insolvent 
debtors  is  attached  to  this  abbey,  extending  over  Arthur's 
Seat,  Salisbury  Crags,  and  for  a  considerable  distance  oast. 

The  cathedral  of  St.  Giles,  situate  in  High  street,  is  a 
large  ancient  edifice  in  later  Gothic  style.  It  was  in  this 
church  that  the  Solemn  League  and  Covenant  was  subscribed 
in  1643.  On  a  commanding  situation  at  the  top  of  High 
street  stands  Victoria  or  Assembly  Hall,  a  magnificent 
structure  in  the  decorated  Gothic  style.  Adjoining  St. 
Giles'  church  is  an  open  area  called  Parliament  Square,  in 
tho  centre  of  which  is  an  equestrian  statue  of  Charles  1 1., 
erected  in  1685.  At  the  S.W.  corner  of  tho  square  is  tho 
entrance  to  the  Parliament  House,  the  higher  courts  of  law, 
and  the  Advocates'  Library.  The  Parliament  House,  now 
known  by  the  name  of  the  Outer  House,  the  place  in  which 
the  Scottish  parliament  met  before  the  Union,  is  a  magnifi- 
cent hall,  122  feet  long  by  49  feet  broad,  with  a  lofty  open 
timber  roof.  Other  buildings  of  note  in  tho  Old  Town  are 
the  Tron  church,  founded  in  1637 ;  the  county  hall,  con- 
taining the  sheriff  courts ;  the  royal  exchange,  founded  in 
1753;  tho  corn  exchange,  in  the  Grass  Market;  the  Bank 
of  Scotland ;  Dean  Bridge,  a  noble  structure  thrown  across 
a  deep  ravine,  at  the  bottom  of  which  flows  the  Water  of 
Leith  ;  Physicians'  Hall,  in  Queen  street,  a  handsome  odi- 
fieo;  the  Assembly-Rooms  and  Music  Hall;  the  Edinburgh 
and  Glasgow  and  tho  Commercial  Banks,  tho  Western 
Bank,  the  British  Linen  Company's  Bank,  the  General 
Registor-Houso  of  Scotland,  the  Theatre  Iloyal,  General 
Post-OflSce  and  Stamp-Office,  and  the  jail  and  bridewell,  a 
cluster  of  castellated  buildings,  surrounded  by  a  high  wall, 
on  a  rocky  ledge  of  the  Calton  Hill.  In  1817  the  old  jail, 
lalled  the  "  Heart  of  Mid-Lothian,"  was  taken  down. 

Churche»,  ibc. — Besides  St.  Giles',  the  Tron,  and  Victoria 
Hall,  already  adverted  to,  Edinburgh  possesses  many  fine 
churches  and  chapels,  some  of  them  of  historic  fame.  The 
city  is  the  seat  of  an  Anglican  bishop,  and  of  a  Roman 
Caiholio  prelate  of  archiepiscopal  rank.  Tho  Anglican 
cathedral  is  a  splendid  structure.  The  number  of  public 
monuments  and  statues  is  very  great.  The  University  of 
Edinburgh  takes  a  high  rank  among  the  educational  insti- 
tutions of  Great  Britain.  The  building  of  the  university, 
situated  on  the  N.  side  of  the  town,  in  Nicolson  street,  is 
a  large  quadrangular  edifice,  with  a  spacious  court  in  the 
centre,  founded  in  1789,  the  university  itself  having  been 
founded  in  1582.  In  consequence  of  the  development  and 
growth  of  the  university,  additional  accommodation  was 
required,  and  new  buildings  for  the  departments  of  science 
and  medicine  have  been  constructed.    There  are  32  pro- 


feuors,  in  4  faculties,— divinity,  law,  medicine,  and  the  arts. 
The  average  annual  number  of  students  is  about  12UU.  The 
library  is  a  magniKioent  room,  198  feet  in  length  by  5U  in 
breadth  and  above  50  in  height.  It  contains  about  130,000 
volumes.  The  museum  comprises  rich  collections  in  the 
various  departments  of  natural  history.  A  little  S.  of  the 
university  is  tho  Royal  College  of  SurgeouK,  an  elegant 
building  of  tho  lonio  order;  it  has  a  valuable  museum. 
Tho  Newer  Free  Church  College  occupies  an  elegant  struc- 
ture, having  professors  in  the  theological,  moral,  and  natu- 
ral sciences ;  and  attached  to  it  are  an  excellent  library  and 
a  museum.  The  United  Presbyterians  have  a  theological 
hall.  In  the  New  Town  stands  the  Royal  Institution's 
building,  occupied  by  the  Royal  Society  of  Edinburgh,  the 
Board  of  Trustees  for  encouraging  trade  and  manufactures 
in  Scotland,  and  the  Royal  Institution  having  for  its  object 
tho  promotion  of  the  fine  arts.'  The  building  is  surmounted 
by  a  colossal  statue  of  Queen  Victoria,  and  is  one  of  llio 
finest  structures  in  the  metropolis.  The  Edinburgh  High 
School,  a  splendid  Doric  edifice,  270  fdfet  in  length,  is  situ- 
ated near  the  prison ;  and  on  Calton  Hill  stands  the  Royal 
Astronomical  Observatory.  The  other  more  prominent  edu- 
cational institutions  are  the  Edinburgh  Academy,  the  Naval 
and  Military  Academy,  and  tho  Royal  Scottish  Academy  of 
Painting,  Sculpture,  and  Architecture.  There  are  also 
several  public  seminaries  and  a  number  of  schools  for  the 
education  of  the  poorer  classes,  industrial  schools,  hcriot 
schools,  seven  in  number,  and  tho  School  of  Arts,  established 
in  1821,  for  tho  instruction  of  mechanics  and  tradesmen. 
Fettes  College  is  a  nobly  endowed  school  for  boys.  Tho 
societies  and  institutions  for  the  promotion  of  science  and 
other  branches  of  knowledge  are  exceedingly  numerous. 
There  are  several  normal  and  training  schools,  merchant- 
schools,  and  college-schools  for  boys  and  for  girls.  Adjoin- 
ing tho  Parliament  House,  with  which  it  has  a  communica- 
tion, is  the  Advocates'  Library,  containing  the  largest  and 
most  valuable  collection  of  books  in  Scotland,  the  printed 
works  amounting  to  300,000  volumes,  with  many  valuable 
MSS.  In  an  adjoining  building  is  tho  Signet  Library, 
belonging  to  tho  Writers  to  the  Signet. 

Few  cities  of  equal  extent  are  possessed  of  more  numer- 
ous and  more  magnificent  hospitals  and  charitable  insti- 
tutions. Many  of  the  edifices  built  for  these  institutions 
are  among  tho  finest  in  the  city,  and  resemble  palaces 
rather  than  receptacles  for  the  indigent.  Among  these  may 
be  mentioned  the  Infirmary,  situated  near  the  college :  a  sur- 
gical hospital,  fever  hospital,  and  lock  hospital,  occuj>ying 
separate  buildings,  are  connected  with  it.  Heriot's  Hos- 
pital, on  the  S.  side  of  the  city,  is  a  fine  old  Elizabethan 
structure,  designed  by  Inigo  Jones,  and  one  of  his  best 
works.  The  object  of  the  institution  is  the  maintenance 
and  education  of  poor  boys  the  sons  of  freemen  of  the  town 
of  Edinburgh ;  and  the  surplus  funds  arc  employed  in  es- 
tablishing and  maintaining  free  schools  in  various  parts  of 
the  city.  Another  large  and  exceedingly  elegant  structure 
is  Donaldson's  Hospital.  Of  tho  numerous  other  hospitals 
and  benevolent  institutions,  many  of  which  have  handsome 
and  extensive  buildings,  the  following  may  be  specified: 
George  Watson's  Hospital,  John  Watson's  Hospital,  (iilles- 
pie's  Hospital,  and  the  Orphan  Hospital.  Besides  these, 
there  are  tho  Lying-in  Hospital,  the  Asylum  for  the  Blind, 
the  Deaf  and  Dumb  Institution,  tho  City  Workhouse,  tho 
Canongato  Charity  Workhouse,  and  the  West  Kirk  Poor- 
house,  at  the  W.  end  of  the  city ;  the  House  of  Refuge,  the 
House  of  Industry,  and  the  Night  Asylum  for  the  House- 
less. There  are  also  many  dispensaries,  where  medicine  and 
medical  attendance  are  gratuitously  afforded  to  the  poor. 

Edinburgh  is  the  seat  of  the  supreme  courts  of  Scotland. 
The  principal  of  these  is  the  court  of  session,  which  tries 
all  questions  affecting  civil  rights,  and  decides  not  only  the 
law  of  the  case,  but  also  matters  of  equity. 

The  manufactures  of  Edinburgh  are  neither  extensive 
nor  important ;  ale-brewing,  for  which  it  has  been  famous 
for  upwards  of  200  years,  is  the  principal.  Shawl-making, 
coach-building,  type-,  brass-,  and  iron-founding,  soap-  and 
candle-making,  are  carried  on  to  a  considerable  extent;  and 
also  the  making  of  various  kinds  of  machinery,  generally 
of  the  smaller  class.  Glass-painting  and  glass-staining  are 
prosecuted  to  some  extent  and  with  much  success.  Edin- 
burgh is  the  head-quarters  of  the  book-trade  in  Scotland, 
and  as  a  literary  mart  it  is  the  second  town  in  the  United 
Kingdom,  being  in  this  respect  excelled  only  by  London. 
Rubber  goods,  machinery,  paper-hangings,  leather,  spirits, 
and  glassware  are  the  other  chief  industries. 

The  affairs  of  the  city  are  conducted  by  a  lord  provost, 
magistrates,  and  council,  elected  by  the  citizens ;  the  dean 
of  guild,  elected  by  the  guildry  j  and  the  trades'  convener 


EDI 


1099 


EDW 


elected  by  the  incorporated  trades.  The  lord  provost  is 
sheriff  and  lord-lioutenant  within  the  city  and  liberties. 

The  inhabitants  of  Edinburgh  are,  to  a  great  extent,  per- 
jons  of  independent  property,  annuitants,  <fcc.,  and  include 

'a  larger  proportion  of  the  more  liberally  educated  classes 

.  than  any  other  town  in  the  United  Kingdom.     It  has  also 

'become  the  central  point  of  several  important  railways  :  the 
Edinburgh  <fc  Glasgow,  North  British,  and  (Jranton  lines 
have  their  termini  in  the  low  ground  between  the  Old  and  the 
Kew  Town,  W.  of  the  North  Bridge;  the  Caledonian  has  its 
terminus  in  the  western  and  the  Dalkeith  Mineral  Line  in 

"the  eastern  part  of  the  city ;  and  the  Union  Canal  furnishes 
an  additional  means  of  transit  for  goods  to  the  W.  of  Scot- 

'land.     Leith  and  Granton  are  the  ports  of  Edinburgh,  and 

"may  almost  be  said  to  form  suburbs  of  it. 

^(ime  and  History. — The  name  Edinburgh  is  supposed 
to  be  derived  from  Edwin,  King  of  Northumbria,  a  Saxon 
prince,  who,  in  the  seventh  century,  possessed  the  southern 
part  of  Scotland,  and  who  is  alleged  to  have  built  a  strong- 

.nold  on  the  site  of  the  present  castle.  It  was  anciently 
written  Edwinesburg  or  Edwinesburch.  The  Gaelic  name 
Dun  Edin,  or  Dtmedin,  is  merely  a  translation  of  the  Saxon 
name;  while  its  poetical  name,  Edina,  was  introduced  by 
George  Buchanan.  Edinburgh  first  attained  the  dignity  of 
a  capital  in  the  time  of  James  V.,  the  principal  town  of 
Scotland  previous  to  that  period  having  been  Scone,  where 
the  Scottish  kings  were  crowned.  In  1513,  Edinburgh  was 
visited  by  the  plague;  and  in  1532  the  College  of  Justice 
was  established.  It  was  taken  and  burnt  in  1554  by  an 
English  array  under  the  Earl  of  Hertford,  but  soon  re- 
covered from  the  consequences  of  that  disaster.  On  the  3d 
of  December,  1557,  the  first  Covenant  was  signed  in  the 
city;  and  during  the  remainder  of  the  sixteenth  century 
it  was  the  scene  of  numerous  interesting  events,  inclu- 
ding many  in  the  history  of  Queen  Mary  and  in  the 
earlier  history  of  the  Reformation,  more  especially  in  con- 
nection with  John  Knox,  whose  house  (from  a  window  of 
which  he  frequently  preached)  is  still  standing,  near  the 
top  of  the  Canongate.  On  the  28th  of  February,  1638,  the 
National  Covenant  was  signed  in  the  Greyfriars'  Church- 
yard. After  the  overthrow  of  Charles  I.,  the  Scots  having 
taken  up  arms  in  favor  of  his  son,  Cromwell  invaded  their 
country,  and  took  Edinburgh  Castle.  It  remained  in  the 
possession  of  the  English  till  the  Restoration,  In  1745,  the 
city  was  taken  possession  of  by  the  rebels  under  Prince 
Charles  Edward  Stuart.  Edinburgh  returns  two  members 
to  the  House  of  Commons.  Pop.  of  parliamentary  borough 
in  1841,  138,182;  in  1851,  158,015;  in  1801,  168,0'J8;  in 
1871,196,979;  in  1881,  236,002;  in  1891,  261,261. 
Edinburghshire,  a  county  of  Scotland.    See  Edin- 

BURGII. 

Ed'ington,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Wilts,  3i  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Westbury.  The  bishops  of  Salisbury  had  for- 
merly a  palace  here,  which  was  destroyed  in  1450  by  the 
populace,  who  dragged  the  bishop  from  the  altar  and  stoned 
nim  to  death.  Beatton  Ilill,  in  this  parish,  has  a  Danish 
encampment,  which  was  taken  by  King  Alfred.  The  figure 
of  a  white  horse,  cut  on  the  side  of  the  hill,  is  supposed  to 
commemorate  this  victory. 

Ed'ison,  a  post-village  of  Calhoun  co.,  Ga.,  12  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Morgan.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Edison,  a  post-village  of  Skagit  co.,  Washington,  11 
miles  (direct)  N.N.W.  of  Mount  Vernon.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  newspaper  ofiice.     Pop.  400. 

Ed'isto,  a  station  in  Orangeburg  co.,  B.C.,  5  miles  W. 
of  Branchville. 

Edi«to  Island,  a  post-office  of  Berkeley  co.,  S.C.,  is  on 
Edisto  Island,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Edisto  River,  and  is 
bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  ocean.    It  contains  6  churches. 

Edisto  River,  South  Carolina,  is  formed  by  the  North 
and  South  Edisto  Rivers,  which  unite  at  Edisto,  a  station 
on  the  South  Carolina  Railroad.  It  runs  southeastward  and 
southward,  intersects  Colleton  co.,  and  enters  the  Atlantic 
by  two  channels  called  the  North  and  South  Edisto  Inlets. 
The  length  of  the  main  stream  is  estimated  at  100  miles. 
Of  its  branches,  the  North  Edisto  forms  the  boundary  be- 
tween Aiken  and  Lexington  cos.,  and  intersects  Orangeburg 
00.  The  South  Branch  drains  part  of  Aiken  co.,  runs  nearly 
southeastward,  and  forms  the  N.E.  boundary  of  Barnwell 
CO.     Each  branch  is  nearly  as  long  as  the  main  river. 

E'dith,  a  post-office  of  Shenandoah  co.,  Va.,  8  miles  S. 
of  Edenburg. 

E'dithburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Iron  co.,  Mo.,  about  20 
miles  W.  of  Ironton.     It  has  a  church. 

Edlipo,  5d'le-po\  a  picturesque  town  of  Syria,  32  miles 
S.W.  of  Aleppo.     Pop.  2500. 

Ed'meston,  or  Ed'meston  Centre,  a  post-village 


of  Otsego  CO.,  N.Y.,  about  28  miles  S.  of  Utica.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  union  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.    Pop.  500. 

Ed'miston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rowan  co.,  N.C.,  20  miles 
S.W.  of  Salisbury.     It  has  a  church,  a  carriage- shop,  Ac. 

Ed'inond,  a  post-village  of  Oklahoma  co.,  Oklahoma, 
16  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Guthrie.  It  has  3  churches,  a  nor- 
mal school,  a  bank,  a  flour-mill,  and  2  newpspaer  offices. 
Pop.  294. 

Ed'mond's,  a  post-village  of  Snohomish  co.,  Washing- 
ton, 18  miles  N.  of  Seattle,  and  15  miles  S.W.  of  Snohomish. 
It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Pop.  384. 

Ed'mondson,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Kentucky,  has 
an  area  of  about  350  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Green 
River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Nolin  Creek.  The  surface  is 
partly  undulating  and  partly  hilly.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  pork,  and  tobacco  are  the  staple  products. 
That  great  natural  curiosity,  the  Mammoth  Cave,  is  situated 
in  this  county,  the  soil  of  which  is  based  on  cavernous  lime- 
stone. The  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad  passes  through 
the  S.E.  part  of  the  county  Capital,  Brownsville.  Pop. 
in  1870,  4459;  in  1880,  7222;  in  1890,  8005. 

Edmondson,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Crittenden 
CO.,  Ark.,  17  miles  W.  by  S.  from  Memphis. 

Ed'monton,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Middlesex,  8 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  London.  It  has  a  large  ancient  chapel 
and  considerable  trade  in  timber.     Pop.  of  parish,  13,860. 

Ed'monton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Metcalfe  co.,  Ky., 
about  50  miles  E.  of  Bowling  Green.  It  has  a  church,  a 
high  school,  and  a  steam  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  146. 

Ed'monton,  a  village  of  Alberta,  Canada,  225  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  Battleford,  and  40  miles  S.  of  old  Fort  Edmon- 
ton.    Its  vicinity  is  rich  in  coal  and  minerals. 

Ed'more,  a  post-village  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.,  64 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Saginaw,  and  8  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Stan- 
ton. It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  4c, 
Pop.  about  1000. 

Ed'inunds,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  South  Dakota. 
Area,  1155  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  two  branches 
of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul  Railroad.  Capital, 
Ipswich.     Pop.  in  1890,  4399. 

Edmundsbury.    See  Bury  St.  Edmunds. 

Edmund's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Brunswick  co.,  Va. 

Ed'muudston,  Little  Falls,  or  Madawas'lta,  a 
post-village  in  Victoria  co..  New  Brunswick,  on  the  river 
St.  John,  239  miles  above  St.  John,  and  opposite  Mada- 
waska,  Me.     Pop.  400. 

Ed'na,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  684. 

Edtin,  a  post-village  of  Labette  co.,  Kansas,  16  miles 
W.  of  Clictopa.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  321. 

Edna  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.,  14 
miles  N.W.  of  Frankfort.     It  has  a  flour-mill,  Ac. 

Ed'neyville^  a  post-township  of  Henderson  co.,  N.C., 
about  95  miles  W.  of  Charlotte.  It  has  6  churches.  Here 
is  beautiful  scenery.     Pop.  1880. 

Edolo,  i'do-lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  44  miles  N.E.  of 
Bergamo,  on  the  Oglio.     Pop.  1716. 

Edom,  an  ancient  country  of  Asia.     See  Idum^a. 

E'dom,  a  post-village  of  Van  Zandt  co.,  Tex.,  about  45 
milrg  N.  of  Palestine.     It  has  several  churches  and  stores. 

E'don,  a  post-village  of  Williams  co.,  0.,  13  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Bryan.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  woollen-mill,  a  ban  die- factory,  Ac.  Pop. 
in  1890,  601. 

Edray',  a  post-hamlet  of  Pocahontas  co.,  W.  Va.,  50 
miles  N.W.  of  Millborough,  Va.     It  has  a  tannery. 

Edrei,  a  town  of  Palestine.    See  Draa. 

Edreneh,  the  Turkish  name  of  Adrianoplk. 

Edrenos,  a  town  of  Turkey  in  Asia.    See  Adrano!* 

Edrcnos,  a  river  of  Asia.     See  Rhynpacus, 

Edrha,  a  town  of  Palestine.    See  Draa. 

Edrinus  Lacus,  the  ancient  name  of  Idro  Lake. 

Ed  rum,  the  ancient  name  of  Idro. 

Ed'sailville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  about 
15  miles  S.  of  Elmira,  N.Y,     It  has  a  church. 

Ed'son,  a  post-township  of  Chippewa  co..  Wis.  It  has 
dense  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees,  and  is  drained  by  the 
Yellow  River.  The  township  has  2  churches.  Pop.  617. 
Edson  Post-Office  is  20  miles  E.  of  Chippewa  Falls, 

Edson  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Missaukee  co.,  Mich. 

E'dur',  a  Rajpoot  state  of  India,  province  of  Guzerat, 
tributary  to  the  Guicowar.  Edur  is  the  capital  of  a  district  of 
the  same  name,  in  lat.  23°  60'  N.,  Ion.  73°  3'  E.   Pop.  10,000, 

Edwardesabad,  a  town  of  India.    See  Bunnoo. 

Ed'wards,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an 
area  of  about  210  square  miles.    It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 


II 


EDW 


1100 


EEL 


Son  Pm  Cr«ak,  whioh  enters  the  Wabanh  Rirer  at  the  S.E. 
•Ztrwuity  of  the  ccmntj,  itnd  It  is  intorsoctod  by  the  Little 
Wabdsh  River.  The  surfucc  is  undulatin;;,  and  a  largo 
Mrt  of  it  i8  eovervd  with  forests.  The  soil  iii  furtilo.  In- 
dian corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  poric  are  the  8tap(i  products. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Louisville,  Evnnsville  A  St.  Louis 
and  Peoria,  Decatur  A  Evansvillo  Unilroiid»,  the  former 
passing  through  Albion,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop. 
In  I87U,  7AA6;  in  1880,  85»7;  in  1890,  9444. 

Edwnrdo,  a  county  in  the  S.VV.  central  part  of  Kansas, 
has  nn  area  of  Bi>out  RI2  square  inilea.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Arknnsu!  River  and  by  the  Atchison,  Topclia  &  Santa  F6 
Railroad.  The  surface  is  undulating  and  nearly  destitute 
of  timber.  A  fair  quality  of  building-stone  is  found  here. 
Capital,  Kinsley.     Pop.  in  18S0,  2409:  in  189U,  .S600. 

£dwards,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Texas,  is 
drained  by  small  afllucnts  of  (ho  Colorado  River  and  of  the 
Bio  Nueces.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  mountainous.  Aren, 
S620  square  miles.  Capital,  Lealcey.  Pop.  in  1880,266; 
in  189U,  1970. 

Edwards,  a  post-village  of  Hinds  co.,  Miss.,  26  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Jackson,  18  miles  E.  of  Vicksburg,  and  1 
mile  from  Big  Black  River.  It  has  3  churches,  a  higli 
school,  and  is  in  a  great  vegetable-growing  district.  Much 
cotton  is  shipped  here.     Pop.  about  600. 

Edwards,  a  post-village  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Oswegatchie  River,  22  miles  S.  of  Canton.  It  has  2 
ohurches  and  a  sash-,  door-,  and  blind-factory. 

Edwards,  a  township  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1556. 

Edwards,  a  station  on  the  Cincinnati  Jb  Eastern  Rail- 
road, 11  miles  from  Cincinnati,  0. 

Edwards,  a  post-office  of  Sheboygan  Co.,  Wis.,  about 
12  miles  X.N.W.  of  Sheboygan. 

Ed'wardsbnrg,  a  post-villago  of  Cass  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Ontwa  township,  on  the  Chicago  A  Lake  Huron  Railroad, 
14  miles  N.E.  of  South  Bend,  Ind.,  and  9  or  10  miles  E.  of 
Kilcs.  It  has  .3  churches,  a  plough-factory,  a  grain-elevator, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  297. 

Ed'wardsborg,  or  Port  Elgin  (also  called  Point 
Cardinal),  a  post-village  in  Qrenville  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
Gallops  Canal,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  8  miles 
N.E.  of  Prescott.  It  has  a  starch-factory,  flour-  and  saw- 
mills, a  box-  and  stave-factory,  and  several  stores  and  hotels. 
Pop.  .300.     See  also  Dohchestkr  Statio.v. 

Edwards  Cross  Koads,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany 
CO.,  N.C. 

Ed'wards  Ferry,  a  post-offico  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Potomac  River. 

Edwards  Ferry,  a  station  in  Halifax  co.,  ^.C,  on 
the  Roanoke  River,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Scotland  Neck  by  a 
short  railroad. 

EdAvards'  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Beaufort  co.,  N.C, 
20  miles  N.N.E.  of  New-Berne. 

Ed'wardsport,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  AVost  Fork  of  White  River,  and  on  the  Indianapolis  & 
Vincennes  Railroad,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Vincennes,  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  graded  school. 

Edwards  River,  Illinois,  rises  in  Henry  co.,  runs 
W.  through  Mercer  co.,  and  enters  the  Mississippi  River  2 
miles  below  New  Boston.     It  is  nearly  75  miles  long. 

Edwards'  Station,  a  post-village  of  Peoria  co..  III., 
on  the  Galesburg  &  Peoria  Railroad,  14  miles  W.N.W.  of 
-Peoria.     Coal  is  mined  near  this  place. 

Edward stown,  Quebec.    See  Saint  Jean  Chuysos- 

TOME  DE  ChATEAUGUAY. 

•'■  Ed'wardsville,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Cleburne  co., 
Ala.,  15  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Tallapoosa,  Ga.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  bank,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  416. 

Edwardsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  Ga.,  8 
miles  (direct)  N.  of  Atlanta,  and  about  2  miles  N.  of  Peach- 
tree  Railroad  Station,  on  the  Atlanta  A  Charlotte  division 
of  the  Richmond  A  Danville  Railroad. 

Edwardsville,  a  station  in  Henry  co.,  111.,  on  Edwards 
River,  and  on  the  Rockford,  Rock  Island  A  St.  Louis  Rail- 
road, 4  miles  N.  of  Alpha.     Here  is  Opheim  Post-Office. 

Edwardsville,  a  post-village  and  railroad  centre,  capi- 
tal of  Madison  co..  III.,  on  Cahokia  Creek,  20  miles  by  rail 
N.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  It  has  a  court-house,  9  churches, 
a  high  school,  2  banks,  2  flour-mills,  carriage-  and  plough- 
factories,  a  steam  brick-yard,  a  machine-shop,  manufac- 
tures of  sanitary  and  plumbers'  goods,  aiid  3  newspaper 
offices.     Coal  is  mined  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  in  1890,  3561. 

Edwardsville,  a  post-village  of  Floyd  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Georgetown  township,  6  miles  W.  of  New  Albany.  It  has 
a  church,  and  manufactures  of  ploughs,  wagons,  and  spokes. 

Edwardsville,  a  post-village  of  Wyandotte  co.,  Kan- 
sas, on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Kansas  River,  and  on  the  Kansas 


Pacific  Railroad,  13  miles  W.  of  Kansas  City.    It  nas  3 
churches,  a  steam  flour-mill,  and  a  lumber-miil. 

Edwardsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co. 
N.Y.,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Morristown.  It  has  a  church,  a  hotel, 
and  2  stores. 

Edwardsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Surry  co.,  N.C,  7 
miles  N.W.  of  Dobson.     It  bos  a  store. 

Edwardsville,  Warren  co.,  0.    See  MiDDLEBonouoH. 

Edwardsville  Cros8ing,on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  is 
a  station  in  Madison  co  ,  III.,  at  the  junction  of  the  Ed- 
wardsville Railroad,  near  Edwardsville,  and  19  miles  N.E. 
of  Last  St.  Louis. 

Edwardsville  Junction,  a  station  in  Madison  co., 
III.,  on  the  Chicago  A  Alton  and  Indianapolis  A  St.  Louis 
Railroads,  8  miles  W.  of  Edwardsville. 

Ed'win,  a  post-village  of  Stanton  co.,  Kansas,  9  miles 
(direct)  N.  of  Joiinson,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Edwin,  a  post-villnge  of  Hyde  co.,  S.D.,  12  miles 
(direct)  N.  by  W.  of  Ilighmore. 

Edwi'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  0.,  about  4 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Woodsfield. 

£e,  k,  or  Ea,  &'&,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Friesland,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Lceuwardcn. 

Ee-Chang,  a  town  of  China.     Sec  E-Ching. 

Eechauk,  ce'chawk',  Ecliack,  or  Ichak,  ee^ch&k',  a 
town  of  Bengal,  in  Biiliar,  district  and  7  miles  N.E.  of 
Hazarybaugh.     Pop.  8999. 

Eeckeren,  i'k^r-^n,  a  town  of  Belgium,  4  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  4200. 

Eecloo,  4-klo',  or  Eccloo,  fik-klo',  a  town  of  Bel- 
gium, in  East  Flanders,  at  a  railway  junction,  11  miles 
N.W.  of  Ghent.  It  has  a  town  hall,  an  ancient  convent,  a 
prison,  several  churches,  numerous  schools,  and  manufac- 
tures of  woollens,  linens,  starch,  soap,  tobacco,  and  choco- 
late, with  breweries  and  salt-retineries.     Pop.  10,400. 

Eede,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Ede. 

Eegholm  (aig'holm),  Gueat  and  Little,  2  islands  of 
Denmark,  in  the  Great  Belt,  2J  miles  W.  of  Secland. 

Eejmut,  ecj^raut',  a  town  of  Sinde,  near  the  Indus,  17 
miles  S.E.  of  Shikari)oor.     Lat.  27°  55'  N.;  Ion.  69°  E. 

Eel,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  160,  exclusive 
of  the  city  of  Logansport. 

Eel  Brook,  a  post-village  in  Yarmouth  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
12  miles  from  Yarmouth.     Pop.  150. 

Eelchee,  or  Eelchi.    See  Kiioten. 

Eel  Creek  rises  in  Trinity  co.,  Cal.,  and,  running  N.W., 
falls  into  the  Pacific  in  about  40°  40'  N.  lat. 

Eclde,  ail'd^h,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  province 
of  Drenthe,  10  miles  N.  of  Assen.     Pop.  1597. 

Eelee,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia.     See  Kooldja. 

Eelee,  or  Hi,  ee'lee^,  a  river  of  Asia,  rising  about  Int. 
42°  N.  and  Ion.  81°  E.,  in  the  mountains  of  Thian-Shnn, 
flo'.vs  N.E.,  and  then  turns  N.N.W.,  passing  the  town  of 
Kooldja,  and  falling  into  Lake  Balkosh,  on  the  frontier  of 
Siberia,  after  a  course  of  above  300  miles. 

Eelceyats,  Iliyats,  eeMee-yJts',  or  Eels,  cclz,  a 
name  applied  to  the  wandering  tribes  of  Persia,  and  also  to 
those  who  are  employed  in  the  pearl-fishery.  They  dis- 
claim connection  with  the  old  Persian  stock,  and  preserve 
their  peculiar  habits  and  customs.  Their  communities 
usually  consist  of  20  or  30  families.  The  men  have  well- 
made,  powerful  frames,  piercing  black  eyes,  noses  generally 
inclined  to  be  aquiline,  and  overhanging  thick  moustachios, 
which,  united  with  black,  bushy  beards,  almost  entirely 
conceal  their  dark  brown  skins.  Their  appearance  is 
strongly  characteristic  of  health,  hardihood,  and  independ- 
ence. The  women,  when  young,  are  often  handsome ;  their 
complexion  is  of  a  delicate  nut-brown  hue,  eyes  dark  ami 
expressive,  nose  well  formed,  the  mouth  small  and  adorned 
with  beautiful  teeth,  and  the  expression  of  the  countenance 
full  of  good  humor.  All  these  attractions,  however,  soon 
disappear  as  they  advance  in  life. 

Eel  River,  California,  rises  in  Mendocino  co.,  runs 
northwestward  through  Humboldt  co.,  and  enters  the  Pacific 
Ocean  about  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Eureka. 

Eel  River,  Indiana,  rises  in  Allen  co.,  intersects  Whit- 
ley, Wabash,  and  Miami  cos.,  and  enters  the  Wabash  River- 
at  Logansport.  Its  direction  is  W.S.W.,  and  its  length  is 
about  100  miles.     It  affords  extensive  water-power. 

Eel  River,  Indiana,  drains  parts  of  Hendricks  and 
Putnam  cos.,  intersects  Clay  co.,  and  enters  the  West  Fork 
of  White  River  about  7  miles  N.  of  Bloomfield,  after  a 
course  of  nearly  120  miles.  Its  general  direction  is  nearly 
southward. 

Eel  River,  a  hamlet  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal.,  on  Eel 
River,  about  10  miles  from  its  entrance  into  the  Pacifis 
Ocean.    Pop.  of  Eel  River  township,  827. 


EEL 


not 


EGG 


Eel  River,  a  post-township  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.    P.  1217. 

Eel  River,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  Ind.,  Ij'ing  be- 
cween  the  White  and  Eel  Rivers.     Pop.  601. 

Eel  River,  a  township  of  Hendricks  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
1676.  It  is  drained  by  the  head-streams  of  Eel  llivcr,  and 
contains  North  Salem. 

Eel  River,  a  station  on  the  Cincinnati  &  Terra  Haute 
Knilroad,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Terre  Haute,  Ind. 

Eel  River,  New  Brunswick.     See  Canterbuiiy. 

Eel  River,  a  post-settlement  in  Restigouche  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  on  Eel  River,  5  miles  by  rail  from  Dalhousie. 
Pop.  400. 

Eel  River,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick, 19  miles  by  rail  from  Woodstock.     Pop.  100. 

Eels,  a  people  of  Persia.    See  Eeleeyats. 

Ecm,  aim,  a  river  of  the  Netherlands,  originates  in 
numerous  streamlets  which  rise  in  Gelderland  and  unite 
near  Amersfoort,  whence  the  stream  flows  N.'W.  to  its  out- 
let in  the  Zuydcr  Zee.     It  is  navigable  to  Amersfoort. 

Eemnes,  aim'nfis,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  prov- 
ince of  Utrecht,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Amersfoort.     Pop.  1281. 

Ecp,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Epe. 

Eersel,  aiu'sfil,  or  Eerzel,  aiu'zfil,  a  village  of  the 
Netherlands,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Eindhoven.     Pop.  1026. 

Ee^saughur',  a  town  and  strong  fort  of  India,  100 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Gwalior. 

Ees'sah  Somau'lec,  or  Isa  Somali,  a  powerful 
tribe  in  Eastern  Africa,  who  inhabit  the  N.W.  part  of  the 
Somaulce  country  on  the  Gulf  of  Aden.  They  lead  a  wander- 
ing life,  roving  from  place  to  place,  wherever  they  can  find 
pasturage  for  their  flocks  and  herds.  Few  of  them  wear 
any  clothing  except  a  leather  apron.  They  are  armed 
with  spear,  shield,  bows,  and  poisoned  arrows.  They  are 
held  in  great  dread  by  their  neighbors,  who  describe  them 
M  thieves  and  murderers.     They  are  Mohammedans. 

Efat,  a  province  in  the  E.  part  of  Shoa,  Abyssinia, 

Efate,  e-fd'te,  called  also  Vate,  vi'te,  or  Sandwich 
Island,  an  island  of  the  New  Hebrides  group.  Lat.  18° 
62'  S.;  Ion.  168°  35'  E.  The  principal  port  is  Havannah 
harbor,  a  tortuous  sheet  of  water,  7  miles  long,  and  in  most 
places  too  deep  for  anchorage,  but  good  anchorage  is  obtained 
•t  the  head  of  the  bay  in  15  or  16  fathoms  of  water.  There 
are  several  traders'  establishments. 

Efbe,  df'bd.\  an  island  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  near 
the  S.  coast  of  Mysol,  lat.  2°  12'  S.,  Ion.  130°  E.,  about  5 
or  6  miles  in  length.  Birds  of  paradise  migrate  hither 
during  certain  seasons,  and  are  caught  by  the  natives,  who 
dry  them  in  their  feathers. 

Efferdiug,  5f 'fer-ding\  a  town  of  Upper  Austria,  near 
the  Danube,  13  miles  W.  of  Lintz.     Pop.  2216. 

EPtingham,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  3i 
miles  S.W.  of  Leatherhead.  It  gives  the  title  of  earl  to  a 
branch  of  the  Howard  family. 

Effingham,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Georgia,  border- 
ing on  South  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  490  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Savannah  River, 
and  on  the  W.  by  the  Ogeechee  River,  The  surface  is  level 
and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other 
trees;  the  soil  is  sandy  and  mostly  poor.  Indian  corn, 
cotton,  rice,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  The  western 
portion  of  this  county  is  intersected  by  the  Central  Rail- 
road of  Georgia.  Capital,  Springfield.  Pop.  in  1870,  4214  j 
in  1880,  5979;  in  1890,  6599. 

Effingham,  a  southeastern  county  of  Illinois,  has  an 
area  of  about  490  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Little  Wabash  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is 
diversified  with  prairies  and  tracts  of  timber,  which  is  here 
abundant;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  wheat,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  the  Vandalia  Railroad,  the 
Wabash  Railroad,  and  the  Indiana  <fc  Illinois  Southern  Rail- 
road, all  of  which  communicate  with  EfiSnghara,  the  capi- 
tal. Coal  is  found  here.  Pop.  in  1870,  16,663;  in  1880, 
18,920  ;  in  1890,  19,358. 

Effingham,  a  post-village  and  railroad  terminus,  cap- 
ital of  Effingham  co..  111.,  on  the  Chicago  division  of  the 
Illinois  Central  Railroad,  199  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Chicago, 
and  99  miles  E.N.E.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  7  churches,  a 
graded  school,  2  banks,  2  carriage-shops,  a  furniture- 
factory,  canning-  and  wood-packing  works,  a  meat-block 
factory,  a  foundry,  a  machine-shop,  2  flour-mills,  and  rail- 
road machine-  and  repair-shops.  Pop.  in  1870,  2383 :  in 
1880,3065;  in  1890,3260. 

Effingham,  a  post-village  of  Atchison  co.,  Kansas,  18 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Atchison.  It,  has  4  churches,  a  bank, 
a  high  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  361. 

Effingham,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Carroll  co., 


N.H.,  about  48  miles  N.N.E.  of  Concord.    It  has  6  churcheB, 
and  manufactures  of  carriages,  lumber,  Ac.     Pop.  904.         ' 

Effingham  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  N.H,, 
on  the  Ossipee  River,  about  8  miles  N.  of  Ossipee.  It  has 
a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill.  Here 
is  beautiful  mountain-scenery. 

Effingham  Station,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  S.C, 
on  Lynch's  Creek,  and  on  the  Northeastern  Railroad,  93 
miles  N.  of  Charleston.  It  has  2  churches  and  2  turpentine- 
distilleries.  Old  Effingham,  a  hamlet,  is  in  Darlington  co., 
about  3  miles  from  Effingham  Station. 

Effort,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  Pa.,  12  miles  W. 
of  Stroudsburg.  It  has  3  churches,  a  foundry,  a  tannery, 
and  a  spoke-factory.     Pop.  about  200. 

Ef'ird's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Stanley  co.,  N.C. 

Ega,  i'gi,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  7  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Coimbra.     Pop.  1980. 

Ega,  i'gi,  or  TefTe,  tef-fi',  a  town  of  Brazil,  on  the 
Teffe,  near  the  Amazon,  about  1150  miles  from  Pard.  It 
has  a  large  trade. 

Egadi,  a  group  of  islands.     See  .^gades. 

Egan,  a  township  of  Minnesota.    See  Eagan. 

E'gan,  a  post-village  of  Moody  co.,  S.D.,  5  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Flandreau.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  tow- 
mill,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  399. 

E'ganville,  a  post- village  in  Renfrew  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Bonnechere  River,  27  miles  W.  of  Renfrew.  It  has, 
several  hotels,  stores,  and  mills.     Pop.  400. 

Egara,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Taurasa. 

Eg'ba,  a  small  kingdom  of  West  Africa,  mostly  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  Ogun  River,  S.  of  Yarriba.  Area,  3000 
square  miles.  Estimated  pop.  100,000.  Chief  town,  Ab- 
beokoota. 

Egbeli,  Sg'bfill',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  53  miles 
N.W.  of  Neutra,  on  the  Sirkovi,  not  fur  above  its  junction 
with  the  March.     Pop.  2700. 

Egea  (or  Ejea)  de  los  Caballeros,  i-ni'i  di  loco 
ka-Bil-yA'roce,  a  town  of  Spain,  34  miles  N.N.W.  of  Sara- 
gossa.     Pop.  3604. 

Egedesminde,  fig'5-d?s-minM?h,  a  district  of  North 
Greenland,  comprising  numerous  islands.  It  was  named, 
from  Hans  Egede,  who  visited  it  as  a  missionary  in  1741. 

Egein,  igh§ln,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  16  miles 
S.W.  of  Magdeburg,  on  the  Bode.     Pop.  4352. 

Egelshofen,  C'gh^ls-ho^f^n,  or  Egolshofcn,  i'gols- 
ho'f^n,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Thurgau,  3  miles 
S.  of  Constance.     Pop.  1500. 

Egenburg,  i'gh?n-b6oRo\  or  Eggenburg,  Sg'gh^n- 
bOSRQ^  a  town  of  Austria,  at  the  W.  foot  of  the  Mannharts- 
berg,  38  miles  by  rail  N.AV.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  1585. 

Egenhauseu,  A'gh§n-h6w^z?n,  a  village  of  WUrtem- 
berg,  5  miles  W.  of  Nagold.     Pop.  1059. 

Eger,  5g'?r  or  il'gh^r,  a  river  of  Germany  and  Bohemia, 
rises  near  the  Fichtelgebirge,  and  joins  the  Elbe  33  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Prague.     Length,  125  miles. 

Eger  (Bohemian,  Cheh,  kSb),  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on 
the  Eger,  at  a  railway  junction,  92  miles  W.  of  Prague. 
It  is  built  on  a  rock,  and  was  formerly  an  important  fort- 
ress. Eger  has  some  handsome  buildings,  including  the 
town  hall  and  parish  church,  college,  barracks,  and  numerous 
schools  and  hospitals.  It  has  manufactures  of  chintz,  cotton 
fabrics,  woollens,  hats,  and  shoes.     Pop.  13,456. 

Eger,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Eklau. 

Egerdir,  5g^er-deer',  a  lake  and  town  of  Asia  Minor, 
15  miles  N.E.  of  Isbarta.  The  lake,  27  miles  in  length 
from  N.  to  S.,  and  10  miles  in  greatest  breadth,  is  highly  pic- 
turesque, and  communicates  at  its  N.  end  with  Lake  lloiran. 
At  its  S.  extremity  is  the  town,  in  lat.  37°  52'  N.,  Ion.  31° 
6'  E.,  at  the  foot  of  a  high  cliff,  and  with  a  castle  on  a 
promontory  in  the  lake.  It  has  from  500  to  600  houses, 
all  Turkish. 

Egeri,  i.'gh?r-ee,  or  Aegeri,  a  small  lake  of  Switzer. 
land,  canton  and  4  miles  S.E.  of  Zug.     Length,  3J  miles. 

Egeroe,  6g'?r-o'?h,  an  island  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Nor- 
way, 40  miles  S.S.E.  of  Stavanger.  Lat.  58°  20'  N. ;  Ion.' 
5°  50'  E. 

Egersund,  4g'?r-soond',  a  town  of  Norway,  38  miles  S. 
of  Stavanger,  on  a  strait  which  separates  it  from  the  small 
island  of  Egeroe.  Lat.  58°  26'  10"  N. ;  Ion.  6°  57'  8"  E. 
It  is  the  centre  of  an  extensive  herring-fishery.    Pop.  2144. 

Egerszeg,  i'gh5R's6g',  a  village  of  Hungary,  on  the 
Zala,  70  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Raab.     Pop.  4000. 

Egg,  an  island  of  Scotland.     See  Etg. 

Egg,  6gg,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  9  mile» 
S.E.  of  Zurich.     Pop.  2281. 

Eg'ga,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Qando,  on  the  S.AV.  bank 
of  the  Niger,  70  miles  N.N.W.  of  its  junction  with  th« 


EQO 


1102 


EGY 


Bonuwe.  I^t.  8«  42'  N.;  Ion.  O"  40'  E.  It  extends  for 
■tore  than  3  miles  along  the  river.  A  Urge  population  also 
live  here  on  bonrd  of  otinoes,  and  trade  up  and  down  the 
Niger.     Pop.  about  39,000. 

ECKamn,  M'wit  Africa.    See  Attah. 

JEf  g  Uend,  a  iiost-offiec  of  Avoyelles  parish,  La. 

Kf  f 'boriutvillc,  a  posit-offlce  of  Culpej)er  oo.,  Va. 

Eg'gebecS  n  walled  town  of  West  Afnca,  in  Zcg-Zog, 
80  inilet  S.  by  W.  of  Kano,  lat.  10°  52'  N.,  Ion.  9°  6'  E., 
•ftuated  in  a  beautiful  plain.     Pop.  about  14,000. 

Eggcnbcrg,  i;^'gn?n-b4uG',  Eckcnber{;«  6k'k?n- 
bJRO^  or  Kggcnbur^,  ig'gli?n-bSOKG\  a  village  of  Aus- 
tria, in  Styria,  2  miles  from  Gratr.  It  has  a  oostle,  which 
eontnins  a  good  collection  of  paintings. 

Kgt;cnburg,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  EoKXBirno. 

Eggcnfelden,  Jg'gh^n-fftl'dQn,  a  town  of  Upper  Ba- 
Tnria,  on  the  Uott,  34  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Passau.     Pop.  1782. 

Eggenstcin,  dg'gh^n-stine^  a  village  of  Badon,  near 
Cnrlsruhe.     Pop.  1577. 

Eg'gcrtsviile,  a  post-hamlot  of  Erie  cc,  N.Y.,  3  miles 
from  Buffalo  Plains  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Egg  Uar'bor,  a  township  of  Atlantic  co.,  N.J.  Pop. 
3585.  It  is  bounded  S.E.  by  the  ocean,  and  contains  sev- 
eral villages  and  hamlets. 

Egg  Harbor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Door  oo.,  Wis.,  in  Egg 
Harbor  township,  and  on  Green  Bay,  about  31  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Oconto.     Pop.  of  the  township,  454. 

Egg  Harbotr  City,  a  city  of  Atlantic  co.,  N.-T.,  on  the 
Camden  &  Atlantic  Railroad,  and  on  the  Philadelphia  & 
Atlantic  City  Railroad,  41  miles  S.E.  of  Camden,  and  IS 
miles  N.W.  of  Atlantic  City.  It  is  partly  supported  by 
manufactures  of  cigars,  clothing,  boots,  shoes,  Ac,  and  is 
celebrated  for  its  wines,  of  which  there  are  extensive  manu- 
factures here.  Four  weekly  newspapers  (3  of  which  are 
German)  are  published  here.  It  has  5  churches  and  a 
savings-bank.     Pop.  in  1880,  1232;  in  1890,  1439. 

Egg  Island,  Hebrides.    See  Eig. 

Egg  Island,  New  Jersey,  in  Delaware  Bay,  has  a  fixed 
light.     Lat.  39°  10'  24"  N. ;  Ion.  75°  9'  W. 

Egg  Island,  a  low  narrow  island  off  the  N.  shore  of  the 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  below  Point  de  Monts. 

Eggleston,  Sg'g'Iz-t^n,  a  township  of  Muskegon  co., 
Mich.     Pop.  317.     It  containa  Alma. 

Eggleston,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Goodhue  co., 
Minn.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  13 
miles  N.W.  of  lied  Wing,  and  near  the  Mississippi  River, 
yerc  is  an  elevator  for  wheat. 

Egglcston's  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Giles  co.,  Va., 
is  at  a  summer  resort  called  New  River  White  Sulphur 
Springs,  on  New  River,  about  90  miles  W.  of  Lynchburg. 
It  is  surrounded  by  fine  mountain-scenery. 

Eggmiihl,  the  German  for  EckmUhl. 

Eggoisheim,  fig'gols-himo\  a  town  of  Bavaria,  11 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Bamberg.     Pop.  1006. 

Egg's  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Miss., 
on  the  Mississippi  River. 

Eg'ham,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  3  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Windsor,  on  the  Thames,  opposite  Staines.  Ad- 
joining it  is  the  field  of  Runnymedc,  where  King  John 
held  the  conference  which  ended  in  the  signing  of  Magna 
Charta.  A.i>.  1215.     Pop.  of  parish,  5895. 

Eg'hoim,  a  small  island  of  Denmark,  in  the  Little  Belt, 
4  miles  N.E.  of  Aeroo  Island.  Also  a  small  island  in  the 
Lym-Fiord,  Jutland. 

Egidistadt,  in  Transylvania.    See  Nagy  Enyed. 

Egin,  Jg'een',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  on  the  Eu- 
phrates, 22  miles  N.E.  of  Arabgheer. 

Egiua,  an  island  and  gulf  of  Greece.     See  JEgisa. 

Egisheim,  d'ghis-hlme  (Fr.  Erjuinheiin,  ivhees'dra'), 
called  also  Exheim  and  Exen,  a  town  of  Alsace,  4  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Colmar.     Pop.  1765. 

Egitto,  the  Italian  name  of  Egypt. 

Eg'lantine,  a  post-hamlet  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Ark.,  40 
miles  N.W.  of  Kensett  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Eg'linton,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  4  miles 
N.  of  Toronto.      It  has  several  stores  and  hotels.     Pop.  300. 

Eglisau,  i'gle-zow\  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
14  miles  N.  of  Zurich,  on  the  Rhine,  near  Baden.    Pop.  1435. 

Eg'lon,  an  ancient  city  of  Palestine,  18  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Gaza.     It  is  identified  with  the  village  of  Ajlan. 

Egniond-aan>Zee,  dg'mont-&n-zi,  a  village  of  the 
Netherlands,  in  North  Holland,  on  the  North  Sea,  5  miles 
W.  ofAlkmaar.     Pop.  1850. 

Egmond-Binnen,  ,5g'mont-bin'n§n,  a  village  near 
the  foregoing.     Pop.  1213. 

Eg'moudville,  a  post-village  in  Huron  oo.,  Ontario, 
2  miles   from  Seaforth.     It  contains  a  foundry,  woollen- 


factory,  pottery, potash-factory,  brewery,  tannery,  and  flonr- 
and  snw-mills.     Pop.  500. 

Eg'mont,  an  active  volcano  of  Now  Zealand,  in  the  N. 
part  of  the  island,  18  miles  8.  of  New  Plymouth,  and  rising 
about  8270  feet.     Lat.  89°  15'  S. ;  Ion.  174°  13'  E. 

Eg'mont  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence, 
on  the  S.W.  coost  of  Prince  Edward  Island.  Lnt.  40°  34' 
N.i  Ion.  64°  E. 

Egmont  Island,  an  island  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  Low 
Archipelago,  in  lat.  19°  24'  8.,  Ion.  139°  15'  W. 

Egmont  Island,  the  largest  of  the  Santa  Cruz  Archi- 
pelago or  Queen  Charlotte  Islands,  in  the  Pivcific.  Lat.  10° 
53'  S.;  Ion.  165°  60'  E.  Length,  20  miles;  breadth,  10 
miles.     It  is  of  coral,  steep,  well  wooded,  and  fertile. 

Egmont  or  Six  Islands,  in  the  Indian  Ocean,  Chngoi 
Archipelago.  The  largest  is  in  lat.  6°  40'  S.,  Ion.  71°  26' 
30"  E.     'The  group  produces  cocoanut  oil. 

Egmont  Key,  at  the  entrance  to  Tampa  Bay,  W.  coast 
of  Florida.  On  it  is  a  light-house.  Lat.  27°  36'  N. :  Ion. 
82°  48'  W. 

Egna,  the  Italian  for  NECMAnKT. 

Egnach,  dg'nlK,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Thurgau,  24  miles  W.  of  Arbon.     Pop.  of  parish,  2652. 

Egoi  Isles,  Pacific  Ocean.    See  CAnoMSE  Islands. 

Egol<jhofcn,  a  Swiss  village.    See  Egelshopen. 

Eg'reniont,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Cumberland,  on 
the  Ehcn,  6  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Whitehaven.  It  has  ruins 
of  a  massive  Norman  castle.     Pop.  2377. 

Eg'remont,  a  township  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
New  York  line.  Pop.  890.  See  North  Eoremost  and 
South  EGnEMoiH-. 

Egrcs,  d'grfish',  or  Egris,  i'grish',  a  village  of  Hun- 
gary, CO.  of  Torontal,  on  the  Maros,  15  miles  from  IComlos. 
Pop.  3042. 

Egreville,  i'gh'r-veel',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-et 
Marne,  17  miles  S.S.E.  of  Fontainebleau.     Pop.  1792. 

Egripo  or  Egripos  Island,  Greece.    See  Eubcea. 

Egripo,  or  Egripos,  a  town  of  Greece.    See  Chalcis. 

Egris,  a  village  of  Hungary.     See  Eohes. 

Egrisoo-Tagh,  Turkey.    Sec  Aroestaro. 

Egt,  a  villas  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Echt. 

Eguilles,  a^gheel',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Bouches-du-llhono,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Aix.     Pop.  1587. 

Eguisheim,  a  town  of  Alsace.     See  Egisheim. 

Egyek,  id^yfik',  a  village  of  Hungary,  on  the  Theiss,  15 
miles  N.W.  of  Nadudvar.     Pop.  3381. 

Egypt,e'jipt(Gr.  Aiyvnrot;  It.  JEgyp' tHS  ;  Hebrew,  Afizr 
or  Mizraim  ;  Coptic,  Cham  or  Khcvi ;  Fr.  Egypte,  i'zheept'; 
Ger.  jEgypten,  i-ghip't?n;  It.  fiV/i'^o,  i-jit'to;  Arab.  Missr, 
misr,  or  Musr  ;  Turk.  Kibt  or  Keebt),  a  country  at  the  N.E. 
extremity  of  Africa,  bounded  N.  by  the  Mediterranean,  E. 
by  the  Red  Sea,  S.  by  Nubia,  and  W.  by  the  Great  Desert, 
but  prior  to  1884  exercising  a  more  or  less  complete  gov- 
ernmental authority  over  territories  extending  almost  to  the 
equator.  Since  the  Soudanese  rebellion,  however,  the  lat- 
itude of  Wady  Haifa,  21°  40',  is  recognized  as  the  south- 
ern boundary.  Politically,  it  is  a  nominal  dependency  of 
Turkey;  but,  though  the  Egyptian  sovereign  furnishes  a 
contingent  of  troops  to  Turkey  in  times  of  war,  and  pays  an 
annual  tribute  to  the  sultan,  Egypt  in  all  matters  of  inter- 
nal government,  as  well  as  in  international  affairs,  is  inde- 
pendent of  Turkey.  Egypt  Proper  is  a  country  remarkable 
alike  for  its  physical  peculiarities,  its  historical  interest, 
and  its  wonderful  monuments,  the  earliest  records  of  civil- 
ization. It  embraces  properly  the  lowest  and  most  north- 
ern division  of  the  valley  of  the  Nile,  from  the  last  cata- 
racts, lat.  24°  3'  45"  N.,  to  the  sea.  The  river  extends  in 
a  general  course  N.  by  W.  to  lat.  31°  35'  N.,  where,  in  the 
neighborhood  of  Damietta,  the  principal  branch  falls  into 
the  Mediterranean  Sea.  The  length  of  Egypt,  measured 
on  the  meridian,  is  but  600  geographical  miles;  but  along 
the  winding  valley  of  the  river,  which  is  truly  the  habita- 
ble country,  it  has  an  extent  of  about  800  miles.  The 
average  width  of  the  valley  of  the  Nile  may  be  assumed  to 
be  8  miles ;  the  greatest  width  of  the  delta,  from  Alexan- 
dria on  the  W.  to  the  ruins  of  Pelusium  on  the  E.,  is  about 
160  miles.  The  whole  area  comprised  in  the  valley  and 
delta  is  11,351  square  miles.  But,  including  the  desert 
country  on  either  side  of  the  valley,  the  area  of  Egypt 
Proper  is  about  175,130  square  miles.  It  is  divided  into  3 
parts :  Lower  Egypt,  Bahari,  or  the  Delta,  with  7  perfec- 
tures  or  provinces;  Middle  Egypt,  with  2  provinces;  and 
Upper  or  Southern  Egypt,  with  4  provinces. 

description. — The  island  of  Philae,  near  the  S.  extremity 
of  Egypt,  has  been  compared  by  Arab  writers  to  an  eme- 
rald set  in  gold;  and  this  allusion  to  its  luxuriant  vegeta- 
tion is  equally  applicable  to  the  valley  lower  down.    The 


EGY 


1103 


EGY 


Nile,  in  Egypt,  is  everywhere  an  agreeable  object;  not  so 
much  owing  to  the  majesty  of  the  stream,  or  the  variety  of 
its  scenery,  as  to  the  strong  contrast  between  the  freshness, 
verdure,  and  animation  of  the  river's  banks  and  the  deso- 
lation which  reigns  beyond  them.  The  scenery  of  the  river 
is,  in  the  S.  part  of  Upper  Egyj)t,  wild  and  romantic ;  but 
as  we  descend  it  grows  continually  more  tame  and  monoto- 
nous, till  at  length  every  picturesque  feature  is  lost  in  the 
nniform  level  of  the  delta. 

The  valley  of  the  Nile,  throughout  its  whole  extent,  from 
Philae  to  the  vicinity  of  Cairo,  is  hemmed  in  on  both  sides  by 
continuous  chains  of  hills :  those  on  the  E.  side  approach  more 
closely  to  the  river,  while  the  Libyan  Hills  on  the  W.  rise 
with  a  gradual  ascent,  and  sometimes  recede  to  a  distance  of 
10  or  15  miles.  Towards  the  delta  these  chains  of  hills  di- 
verge, that  on  the  E.  side  turning  E.  by  Jcbel-Mokattem, 
near  Cairo,  and  sinking  gradually,  till  it  disappears  in  the 
Isthmus  of  Suez,  while  the  Libyan  chain  skirts  to  the  N.W. 
the  plains  of  the  Natron  Lakes.  The  desert  between  the 
Nile  and  the  Red  Sea  is  intersected  by  several  chains  of 
mountains,  which  increase  in  elevation  towards  the  E.,  so 
that  the  ridges  nearest  to  the  Red  Sea  attain  a  height 
exceeding  perhaps  6000  feet.  W.  of  the  Nile,  the  Libyan 
chain  separates  the  river  from  a  wide  valley,  which  is  sup- 
posed not  to  be  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  The  openings  or 
lateral  valleys  with  which  we  are  best  acquainted  are,  on  the 
E.,  the  Valley  of  the  Wanderings  (of  the  children  of  Israel), 
leading  from  the  neighborhood  of  Cairo  to  the  head  of  the 
Gulf  of  Suez,  and  that  through  which  passes  the  road  from 
Kufl  to  Kosseir,  on  the  Red  Sea.  In  early  ages,  when  Egypt's 
commerce  by  the  Red  Sea  was  far  more  important  than  at 
present,  the  roads  from  the  Nile  through  the  E.  desert  were 
numerous  and  frequented ;  and  there  still  remains  indubi- 
table evidence,  chiefly  in  the  ruins  of  guard-houses  and 
solidly-constructed  wells,  of  the  industry  which  once  ani- 
mated these  inhospitable  wastes.  AV.  of  the  Nile,  in  lat. 
29°  20'  N.,  a  deep  sinuosity  in  the  Libyan  chain  of  hills 
forms  the  fertile  valley  of  Fayoom  (in  Coptic,  Phiom,  the 
"sea"  or  "lake"),  in  the  N.W.  and  lowest  part  of  which  is 
the  lake  called  Birket-el-Keroon.  A  celebrated  chain  of 
small  oases  stretches  through  the  desert  in  a  line  generally 
parallel  to  the  course  of  the  Nile,  and  about  80  miles  west- 
ward of  that  stream.     These  belong  to  Egypt. 

The  only  river  of  Egypt  is  the  Nile,  which  receives  no 
accession  from  tributary  streams  (occasional  torrents  from 
extraordinary  rains  excepted)  in  the  last  1500  miles  of  its 
course.  It  enters  Egypt  with  a  breadth  of  .3000  feet,  and, 
though  often  contracted  lower  down  to  2000  feet,  its  average 
width  throughout  may  be  taken  at  half  a  mile.  Of  the 
canals,  one  of  the  most  remarkable  is  that  commonly  called 
the  Bahr  Yoosef,  or  Joseph's  River  or  Canal,  which,  leaving 
the  Nile  at  Deiroot  (lat.  26°  15'  N.),  runs  along  the  foot  of  the 
Libyan  Hills,  which  it  enters  at  the  opening  of  El-Lahoon, 
and,  having  watered  the  valley  of  Fayoom,  it  again  issues 
from  the  Libyan  chain  and  joins  the  Nile.  The  plain,  often 
10  or  12  miles  wide,  included  between  it  and  the  Nile,  forms, 
with  Fayoom,  the  most  fertile  part  of  Egypt. 

The  canals  of  modern  Egypt  are  a  very  remarkable 
feature,  especially  in  the  delta.  They  serve  mainly  for 
irrigation,  but  the  largest  of  them  are  employed  in  naviga- 
tion also.  All  are  fed  by  the  Nile,  except  the  great  Suez 
Canal  (which  see),  and  even  this  is  attended  by  a  slender 
"  sweet-water  canal"  from  the  Nile,  the  true  life-giver  of 
the  whole  country.  The  fertilizing  effects  of  the  Nile  are 
still  further  extended  by  a  costly  system  of  engineering 
works,  not  yet  complete. 

The  first  place  among  the  lakes  of  Egypt  has  been  usually 
assigned  to  the  Birket-el-Keroon,  lying  in  the  Fayoom, 
owing  to  the  supposition  that  it  was  a  remnant  of  the  ancient 
Lake  Moeris.  The  embankments  enclosing  the  site  of  that 
lake  (Moeris)  were  discovered  in  the  E.  part  of  the  Fayoom 
by  M.  Linant,  in  1842.  About  50  miles  N.  of  the  Birket- 
el-Keroon,  a  low  tract,  extending  S.E.  and  N.W.,  exhibits 
in  the  rainy  season  a  chain  of  pools,  known  as  the  Natron 
Lakes ;  from  which,  in  the  dry  season,  the  water  evaporates, 
leaving  the  ground  thickly  encrusted  with  natron  (sesqui- 
carbonate  of  soda),  better  known  in  commerce  under  the 
name  of  trona.  The  fertile  land  of  the  delta  is,  for  the  most 
part,  separated  from  the  sea  by  a  series  of  lakes,  or  rather 
vast  lagoons,  which  are  themselves  fenced  from  the  sea  by 
very  narrow  strips  of  land. 

The  arable  lands  of  Egypt  are  almost  entirely  alluvial, 
having  been  formed  by  the  Nile,  which  year  by  year  brings 
a  fresh  supply  of  fertilizing  ooze,  deposited  on  all  the  cul- 
tivable lands  in  the  season  of  the  overflow.  Hence  comes 
the  very  gradual  but  well-ascertained  rise  of  the  land  above 
its  old  levels. 


The  prevailing  rock  in  Lower  Egypt  is  limestone.  Farther 
up,  sandstone  abounds ;  and  in  the  extreme  S.  granite  and 
syenite  prevail.  Among  the  minerals  are  salt,  natron, 
nitre,  alabaster,  emeralds,  verd-antique,  petroleum,  <fco. ; 
but  of  these  only  the  first  three  yield  any  revenue. 

Climate. — The  climate  of  Egypt  is  remarkable  for  its  dry- 
ness and  general  uniformity.  Peculiar  circumstances,  such  as 
the  vicinity  of  the  sea,  and  the  freshness  of  the  N.  wind,  mod- 
ify at  the  N.  and  S.  extremities  of  the  country,  respectively, 
the  cold  of  winter  and  the  burning  heat  of  summer.  In  the 
delta  the  mean  temperature  of  winter  is  about  54°  Fahr. ; 
that  of  summer,  82°.  At  Asswan  the  thermometer  often  rises 
in  the  latter  season  to  96°.  It  is,  however,  characteristic 
of  Egypt  and  the  neighboring  desert  that  a  great  fall  of 
temperature,  from  14°  to  20°,  takes  place  at  night,  owing, 
as  it  is  usually  explained,  to  the  setting  in  of  the  N.  wind 
at  sunset,  or  rather  perhaps  attributable  to  the  general  dry- 
ness and  perfect  transparency  of  the  atmosphere,  which 
ftivor  rapid  evaporation  and  the  radiation  of  heat.  This 
nocturnal  cooling  sometimes,  though  very  rarely,  sinks 
just  before  sunrise  to  congelation;  and  ice  has  been  found 
on  the  Nile  even  at  Asswan  (Syenc).  The  hot  S.  wind,  or 
Khamseen  (that  Is,  50  days'  wind),  sets  in  at  the  vernal 
equinox,  and  lasts,  as  the  name  implies,  nearly  two  months, 
the  thermometer  sometimes  rising  during  its  continuance  to 
100°;  E.  winds  prevail  after  the  autumnal  equinox  ;  during 
the  remainder,  or  about  eight  months  of  the  year,  the  wind 
blows  from  the  N.  and  neighboring  points.  In  the  maritime 
parts  of  the  delta,  considerable  falls  of  rain  occur  25  or 
30  times  between  October  and  March  ;  only  half  of  this 
quantity  falls  at  Cairo,  and  above  the  26th  parallel  rain  is 
hardly  known ;  hail  is  very  rare,  and  still  more  so  snow.  The 
extensive  planting  of  trees  by  the  authorities  is  reported  to 
have  led  to  some  increase  of  the  rainfall.  There  seems  to 
be  good  reason  for  supposing  that  the  climate  of  Egypt  is 
insalubrious.  As  to  the  plague,  it  is  doubtful  whether  it  bo 
generated  in  Egypt;  but  its  rapid  diffusion,  as  well  as  the 
prevalence  of  elephantiasis  and  other  endemic  diseases,  may 
be  duo  to  the  habits  and  wretched  condition  of  the  people. 

In  Egypt  the  seasons  are  reduced  to  three,  viz.,  the  inun- 
dation, spring,  and  harvest,  the  distinction  being  immedi- 
ately dependent  on  the  Nile.  At  the  beginning  of  June, 
the  hot  winds  being  over,  and  most  of  the  crops  cut,  the 
country  begins  to  resemble  the  adjacent  desert,  and  the 
parched  ground  cracks  and  opens  in  all  directions,  when,  in 
the  third  week  of  the  month,  the  river  is  observed  to  rise. 
The  increase  of  the  water  becomes  in  a  short  time  regular,  ' 
till  it  reaches  its  maximum,  about  the  second  week  of  Sep- 
tember. As  the  canals  become  filled,  the  water  is  allowed 
to  run  over  the  fields  and  gardens,  the  low  dams  which 
protect  them  being  successively  trodden  down.  During 
this  season  Egypt  resembles  a  great  sea,  in  which  the  towns,  ' 
villages,  and  groves  of  trees  figure  as  so  many  islands.  By 
the  middle  of  November  the  river  has  returned  to  its  old  bed, 
and,  as  the  waters  retire,  the  fields  emerge  from  the  inunda-  ' 
tion,  covered  with  mud  ;  the  seed  is  quickly  sown  ;  and  in  an 
incredibly  short  time  the  face  of  the  country,  lately  so  de- 
formed, is  clothed  with  the  richest  verdure.  This  spring-time 
lasts  till  the  Khamseen,  or  hot  winds,  after  which  comes  the 
harvest  and  occupies  the  period  that  intervenes  till  the  re- 
turn of  the  inundation.  The  Nile  may  rise  at  the  present 
day  29  feet  without  occasioning  any  damage. 

The  wild  plants  of  Egypt  are  generally  dicotyledonous 
annuals,  characterized  by  a  hairy  or  thorny  exterior,  long 
roots,  and  leaves  of  pale-green  color  and  dry  texture.  The 
most  common  wild  shrub  is  the  acacia  seyal,  which  is  almost 
leafless,  and  armed  with  long  thorns.  The  palm-tree  is 
rarely  seen  in  a  perfectly  wild  state ;  yet  forests  of  the 
date-palm  of  great  antiquity  exist  on  the  E.  borders  of  the 
delta  and  on  the  site  of  Memphis.  The  doum-palm  {Hy- 
pheene  thehaica),  singular  in  its  bifurcated  forms,  arrives  at 
perfection  in  Upper  Egypt,  and  yields  a  fruit  of  the  size 
of  an  orange,  but  much  less  esteemed  than  the  date.  The 
sycamore  is  the  largest  and  most  umbrageous  of  Egyptian 
trees,  often  attaining  a  circumference  of  25  or  30  feet,  but 
with  a  moderate  height ;  it  bears  a  kind  of  fig  on  its  trunk 
and  larger  branches.  The  oranges,  figs,  and  tamarinds  of 
Egypt  are  excellent ;  but  the  European  fruits  grown  there 
are  of  inferior  quality.  The  chief  timber-trees  are  the 
acacia  lebekh,  the  cypress,  and  the  Aleppo  pine.  The  sant 
or  acacia  nilotica,  valuable  for  its  hard  wood  and  producing 
gum-arabic,  increases  in  size  as  we  ascend  the  Nile.  The 
silk-mulberry,  olive,  poplar,  and  many  other  trees  have 
been  introduced,  and  thrive  exceedingly. 

Zoology. — The  list  of  the  wild  animals  of  Egypt  is  not 
large.  The  gazelle,  hyena,  and  jackal,  habitual  inhabit- 
ants of  the  desert,   occasionally   visit  the  valley  of  tha 


BOY 


1104 


BGT 


Zni*^  th«re  t)i«  ichneumon  or  mangoutU,  whioh  lives  chiefly 
<>■  ^fS*!  '"''  V^3*  ^^  Uiuse  uf  the  orooodile  among  otheri, 
ii  BlUl  numoroiw.  The  jerbojk,  a  kangaroo-like  rut,  bur- 
rowa  in  the  sandi,  and  frequent!  in  great  numbers  the 
pinins  of  Qhoesoh,  round  the  pyramids.  The  orooodile 
very  rarely  desoenda  the  Nile  below  Girgoli.and  the  hippo- 
potamus has  long  since  retired  to  Upper  Nubia,  and  novor 
visits  (be  waters  of  Egypt,  except  when  forcibly  borne 
down  by  the  flood.  Wild  swine  are  still  numerous  in  the 
luarshes  and  thickets  bordering  on  the  delta,  but  they  are 
little  molested  by  a  Muhaminedan  population. 

Agriculture  is  in  gonoral  carried  on  by  rndo  methods  of 
extreme  antiquity,  but  the  khodive  and  other  large  culti- 
vators employ  all  the  modern  appliances  of  husbandry.  The 
principal  crops  are  cotton,  maize,  durrah,  beans,  wheat, 
oarloy,  rice,  lentils,  lupins,  garden  vegetables,  clover,  sugar- 
cane, flax,  hemp,  tobacco,  sesame,  opium,  henna,  indigo, 
•affiower,  roses  (for  oil),  melons,  oranges,  bananas,  and 
other  fruits.  Most  of  the  domestic  animals  of  Europe 
thrive  here,  and  some,  like  the  sheep,  are  exceedingly 
nrolific.  Poultry  is  extensively  bred,  the  eggs  being 
iiatched  in  artificial  ovens.  Pigeons  are  kept  in  immense 
numbers,  and  their  dung  is  perhaps  the  most  important 
fertilizer  used  on  the  farms.  Camels,  buffaloes,  donkeys, 
and  mules  are  extensively  raised.  The  native  manufac- 
turing industries  of  Egypt  are  chiefly  the  weaving  of 
cotton,  linen,  and  woollen  fabrics,  and  the  manufacture  of 
leather,  coarse  pottery,  common  glass-ware,  and  household 
goods  in  considerable  variety.  But  the  government  estab- 
lishments and  the  estates  of  the  khedive  employ  m.any 
workmen  in  good  part  of  European  birth,  and  turn  out 
manufactured  goods  in  great  variety*. 

Commerce  is  fivcilitated  by  an  extensive  railway  system, 
nearly  all  owned  by  the  government.  The  Nile  and  the 
larger  canals  are  navigated  by  steamers  as  well  as  by  freight- 
boats.  Egypt  has  a  large  trade  with  Eastern  Soodan  and 
other  parts  of  the  interior  of  Africa,  and  the  slave-trade 
>Tas  carried  on  until  virtually  wiped  out  by  English  influ- 
ence and  effort.  Cotton,  sugar,  pulse,  wheat,  ivory,  gum?, 
oil-seeds,  and  senna  are  exports.  Petroleum,  timber,  iron, 
and  coal  are  the  principal  imported  staples.  The  trade 
with  Mecca  and  Central  Africa  by  caravan  is  extensive. 

The  government  of  Egypt  is  a  hereditary  monarchy,  whose 
head,  called  the  khedive,  or  king,  is  a  descendant  of  the  line 
of  Turkish  viceroys  who  (1806-66)  long  ruled  the  country 
in  the  name  of  the  Sultan  of  Turkey.  In  1866  the  present 
title  of  khedive  was  conferred  on  the  viceroy  by  the  Porte, 
and  in  1873  full  rights  of  sovereignty  were  granted ;  but 
the  khedive  pays  to  Turkey  an  annual  tribute  of  $3,700,000, 
besides  furnishing  a  military  contingent  in  time  of  war. 
The  powers  of  the  ruler  are  absolute,  but  the  public  ad- 
ministrative functions  are  regulated  by  a  council  of  state. 
There  is  also  an  assembly  of  delegates,  whoso  members  are 
chosen  by  the  communes,  with  an  advisory  voice  in  public 
affairs.  The  public  debt  is  large,  and  so  is  the  personal 
debt  of  the  khedive,  for  the  payment  of  interest  on  which 
some  part  of  the  income  of  the  immense  landed  estates  of  the 
ruler  is  pledged.  Many  of  the  officials,  civil  and  military, 
are  of  foreign  birth,  the  English  latterly  predominating. 

The  African  dependencies  of  Egypt  comprise  Nubia,  the 
(Egyptian)  Soodan  (including  Sennaar,  part  of  Dongola, 
Kordofan,  Darfoor,  Fertit,  Ac),  and  a  region  called  "  the 
Provinces  of  the  Equator,"  held  by  military  occupation, 
and  extending  up  the  White  Nile  nearly  to  the  great  equa- 
torial lakes.  A  large  part  of  the  Soodan  region  is  also  a 
recent  military  conquest.  Egypt  also  holds,  by  convention 
with  the  Porte  and  by  actual  occupation,  the  ports  along 
the  African  coasts  of  the  Red  Sea  and  the  Gulf  of  Aden. 
Much  of  the  Soodan  and  equatorial  regions  is  but  little 
known,  and  the  natural  resources  of  the  country,  however 
great,  are  mostly  undeveloped. 

The  chief  cities  of  Egypt  Proper  are  Cairo,  the  capital, 
Alexandria,  Rosctta,  Damietta,  Port  Said,  Suez,  Tantah, 
Zagazig,  Sioot,  and  Damanhoor. 

Egypt  is  much  visited  by  travellers  and  tourists  for  the 
sake  of  the  grand  architectural  remains  of  its  remote  past. 
The  dryness  and  equability  of  the  climate,  and  the  wonder- 
fully substantial  and  ponderous  character  of  the  ruins 
themselves,  have  alike  tended  to  preserve  them  from  de- 
struction. Even  Moslem  superstition,  which  utterly  de- 
stroyed nearly  every  Roman  town  in  North  Africa,  had 
not  the  strength  to  do  more  than  deface  the  pyramids  and 
temples  of  Egypt.  Among  the  more  interesting  remains 
are  the  Pyramids  (especially  those  of  Gheezeh),  and  the 
ruined  temples  of  Thebes  (Luxor,  Ac),  Philae,  I)enderah, 
and  Edfoo.  Of  even  greater  interest  are  the  relics  of  the 
0^  Egyptian  literature,  recorded  in  hieroglyphics  on  walla 


and  on  papyrus  rolls.  The  gradual  translation  of  these 
records  is  unfolding,  in  a  renmrkablo  way,  not  merely  the 
national  annals,  but  also  the  story  of  the  daily  lifp,  the  re- 
ligious belief,  and  the  philosophic  speculations  of  a  wonder- 
ful people,  one  of  the  earliest  to  receive  anything  like  a 
true  civilization. 

The  population  of  Egypt  is  very  largely  Arabic  and  or- 
thodox Mohammedan.  The  old  Egyptian  race  is  represented 
by  the  Copts,  who  are  mostly  monophysitic  Christians,  but 
a  few  are  Romanists  of  the  Oriental  rite,  and  a  very  few  are 
of  the  Greek  faith  (Coptic  Melohites).  The  slave-trade  has 
also  brought  many  Nubians  and  negroes  into  the  country, 
and  they  are  very  frequently  emancipated  and  made  full 
citizens.  The  recent  forced  development  of  European  civ- 
ilization has  called  in  many  foreigners, — French,  Italian, 
Greek,  Maltese,  English,  and  German  ;  but  the  climate  is 
so  fatal  to  children  of  European  families  that  few  natives 
of  this  stock  are  to  be  found.  In  1882  the  population  was 
0,806,381,  of  whom  90,886  were  Europeans, — the  territory 
included  in  this  count  being  the  Delta  and  the  Nile  valley 
to  Wady  Haifa,  the  Isthmus  of  Suez,  El  Arish,  and  the  Red 
Sea  coast  from  Suez  to  Kossoir.  Mention  should  bo  made 
of  the  extensive  school  systems  of  Egypt,  partly  Moslem 
and  Coptic,  partly  governmental  or  publi*,  and  partly  sus- 
tained  by  Christian  mission  societies.  These  schools  are  of 
every  grade,  and  are  increasing  in  importance. 

Modern  Hittory. — In  A.D.  639  the  Arabs  effected  the 
conquest  of  Egypt,  which,  under  its  Mohammedan  rulers, 
soon  became  totally  changed.  In  1250  the  government 
was  seized  by  the  Memlooks  (slaves,  chiefly  from  Caucasus, 
bred  to  military  service),  who  had  grown  into  power  by 
the  favor  of  Saladin.  These  were  subdued  by  Selim,  the 
Ottoman  sultan,  in  1517;  but  the  descendants  of  the  de- 
feated chiefs  kept  the  country  in  disorder  for  more  than 
two  centuries  ;  and  when,  in  the  first  half  of  the  eighteenth 
century,  the  Ottoman  empire  was  hard  pressed  by  Russia 
and  Austria,  Egypt  again  fell  under  the  turbulent  sway 
of  the  Memlooks,  who  continued  to  retain  the  sovereign 
power  during  the  French  invasion  in  1798  ;  but  on  the  ex- 
pulsion of  the  French,  Mohammed  Alee  Bey,  commanding 
the  Turkish  forces,  contrived  to  shorten  the  contest  by 
murdering  the  Memlook  leaders.  As  he  consolidated  his 
power  in  Egypt,  the  Porto  commanded  him  to  suppress  the 
Wahabee  (Wahdbi),  a  fanaticsil  sect  in  Arabia.  He  soon 
annexed  to  his  dominions  all  the  provinces  of  Arabia 
bordering  on  the  Rod  Sea.  His  conquests  extended  to 
Sennaar  and  Kordofan.  At  length  he  broke  openly  with 
the  Porte,  and  in  the  plains  of  Nizeeb  (Nizib),  in  Syria,  in 
June,  1839,  gained  a  decisive  victory,  the  result  of  which 
was  a  treaty  confirming  to  Mohammed  Alee  the  viceroyalty 
of  Egypt,  as  a  fief  of  the  Ottoman  Empire,  hereditary  in 
his  family.  Subsequent  events  have  been  the  establishment 
of  virtual  independence  for  Egypt,  the  conferring  of  the 
regal  distinction  upon  its  ruler,  the  construction  of  the  Suez 
Canal,  the  wars  of  conquest  in  the  Upper  Nile  Valley  and 
the  Soodan,  followed  in  1879  by  the  abdication  of  the 
Khedive  Ismail,  the  Anglo-French  control,  1879-83,  the 
rebellion  of  Arabi  Pasha,  1882,  the  English  war,  and  the 
subsequent  virtual  management  of  the  country  by  a 
British  High  Commissioner,  the  attempt  to  establish  uni- 
versal suffrage  and  constitutional  legislation,  1884,  and  the 
successful  rebellion  of  the  Equatorial  and  Soudan  provinces 

under  the  Mahdi. Adj.  and  inhab.  Egyptian,  e-jip'shan 

(Arab.  Mus'uee). 

£gypty  a  small  post-village  of  Effingham  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Central  Georgia  Railroad,  40  miles  N.W.  of  Savannah. 

£gVpty  a  post-hamlet  of  Natchitoches  parish.  La.,  5 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Natchitoches. 

£gypt«  a  station  in  the  town  of  Soituate,  Plymouth  co., 
Mass.,  on  the  South  Shore  Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of  Scituate. 

£gypt,  a  post-bamlet  of  Chickasaw  co..  Miss.,  on  the 
Mobile  A  Ohio  Railroad,  76  miles  S.  of  Corinth,  and  about 
36  miles  N.N.W.  of  Columbus.  It  has  2  churches,  an 
academy,  and  a  broom -factory.     Pop.  about  400. 

Egypt)  a  post-bamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  about  14 
miles  S.E.  of  Rochester.     It  has  about  20  houses. 

Egypt,  a  township  of  Yancey  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1082. 

Egypt,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  2  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Coplay,  and  1  mile  from  Whitehall  Station.  It 
has  a  church  and  manufactures  of  cement. 

Egypt,  a  station  on  the  railroad  from  Connellsville,  Pa., 
to  Cumberland,  Md.,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Connellsville. 

Egypt,  a  post-oflice  of  Lincoln  co.,  Washington. 

Egypt,  a  station  on  the  International  A  Great  Northern 
Railroad,  30  miles  N.  of  Houston,  Tex. 

Egypt,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  W.  Va. 

Egypt,  York  CO.,  Ontario.     See  Yachell. 


EGY 


no5 


EIN 


Egynt  Depot,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Chatham  co., 
N.C.,  on  the  Western  Railroad  of  North  Carolina,  and  on 
Deep  River,  about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Raleigh.  Good  triassic 
coal  has  been  mined  here. 

Eff  ypt  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cape  Girardeau  co.,  Mo., 
9  miles  N.  of  Cape  Girardeau.    It  has  a  church. 

Eg'ypt  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co..  Pa. 

Eliiirte,  a  railroad  station  in  Ohio.     See  Eriiart. 

Ehen,  e'h^n,  called  also  Eken,  a  river  of  England, 
CO.  of  Cumberland,  flows  through  the  Ennerdale,  past  Egre- 
mont,  and  thence  S.  to  the  Irish  Sea. 

Ehingen,  i'ing-?n  (anc.  Dracuinat),  a  town  of  Wur- 
temberg,  15  miles  by  rail  S.AV.  of  Ulm.  It  has  a  Catholic 
gymnasium,  a  hospital,  and  4  churches.     Pop.  3743. 

Ehnheim,  dn'hlrae,  or  Oberehnheim,  o'b^r-in'- 
hlme  (FT.Ohernai,  o^bfiR^ni'),  a  town  of  Alsace,  14  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Schlettstadt.  Pop.  4554.  Near  it  is  the  village 
of  NiEDER-  (nee'd^r)  Ehnheim  (Fr.  Neidemai,  niMfiR'ni'). 
Pop.  1235. 

Ehningen,  i'ning-?n,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg,  circle 
of  Schwarzwald,  7  miles  W.  of  Urach.     Pop.  3395. 

Ehningen,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg,  4  miles  S.W.  of 
Boblingen.     Pop.  1320. 

Ehrang,  .\'r4ng,  a  town  of  Prussia,  Rhine  province,  4 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Treves,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Kyll 
with  the  Moselle.  It  is  surrounded  with  walls,  and  has 
iron-works,  trade  in  cattle,  and  an  annual  fair.  Pop.  2101. 
.  Ehrenberg,  i'r§n-bdRG^,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  25  miles 
N.E.  of  Leitmeritz,  and  near  Schluckcnau.  It  consists  of 
three  parts  (Alt,  ilt,  Oder,  o'b^r,  and  Neu,  noi,  Euren- 
BBRo),  and  has  cotton-mills.     Pop.  5176. 

Ehrenberg,  a'r?n-b§rg,  a  post-village  of  Yuma  co., 
Arizona,  on  the  Colorado,  130  miles  above  Yuma.  It  has  a 
largo  trade.     Here  is  a  Catholic  chapel.     Pop.  about  300. 

Ekrenbreitstein,  i-r?n-brit'stine,  a  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  immediately  opposite  Coblentz.  It  is  situated  at 
the  foot  of  a  rocky  mountain,  468  feet  in  elevation,  and 
thence  called  Ehrenbreitstein-im-Thalo  ("  Ehrenbreitstein 
in  the  valley") ;  it  commands  extensive  views  of  the  Rhine. 
The  fortress  of  Ehrenbreitstein^  which  covers  the  rock, 
was  originally  a  Roman  fortress.  It  was  in  vain  besieged  by 
the  French  in  1632  and  in  1688.  It  was  again  besieged  by 
General  Marceau  in  1796,  and  taken  in  1799;  it  was  de- 
molished after  the  peace  of  Luneville,  but  has  been  restored 
by  the  Prussian  government  since  1815,  and  is  now  a  first- 
olass  fortress.     Pop.  of  town,  4848. 

Ehrenfeld,  i'ren-f5lt\  a  town  of  Prussia,  forming  a 
suburb  of  Cologne.     Pop.  11,521. 

Ehrenfriedersdorf,  A^r^n-free'd^rs-doRf^  a  town  of 
Saxony,  on  the  slope  of  the  Sanberg,  1500  feet  above  the 
sea,  44  miles  S.AV.  of  Dresden.     Pop.  3182. 

Ehrenhausen,  i'r§n-how^zQn,  a  town  of  Austria,  in 
Styria,  10  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Marburg.     Pop.  602. 

Ehrensbrunn,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Eunstbuunv. 

Ehrenstetten,  i'r§n-st4tH?n,  a  town  of  Baden,  8  miles 
S.W.  of  Freiburg.     Pop.  1387. 

Eibau,  a  town  of  Germany.     See  Alt-Eibau. 

Eibelstadt,  i'b?l-stitt\  or  Eivelstadt,  I'v^l-stitt^  a 
town  of  Bavaria,  in  Lower  Franconia,  on  the  Main,  5  miles 
S.E.  of  Wurzburg.     Pop.  1228. 

Eibenschitz,  i'b?n-shoets\  or  Eibenschiitz,  I'b^n- 
rtiits\  a  town  of  Moravia,  on  the  Iglawa,  12  miles  S.W.  of 
BrUnn.     Pop.  3920. 

Eibenstock,  i'b?n-stock\  a  town  of  Saxony,  16  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Zwickau.  It  has  manufactures  of  chemical  prod- 
ucts, muslin,  and  lace.  There  are  tin-mines  and  stone-quar- 
ries in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  6553. 

Eibiswald,  i'bis-<^.alt*,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Styria, 
24  miles  W.N.W.  of  Marburg.     Pop.  1079. 

Eibstadt,  ib'stitt  or  ip'stitt,  Gross,  grooe,  and  Klein, 
kline,  two  villages  of  Bavaria,  in  Lower  Franconia,  near 
K(inigshofen-im-Grabfelde,  on  the  Saalo.  Pop.  of  Gross 
Eibstadt,  546 ;  of  Klein  Eibstadt,  605. 

Eich,  iK,  a  village  of  Ilesse,  in  Rhein-IIessen,  near  the 
Rhine.  9  miles  N.  of  Worms.     Pop.  1676. 

Eichenbiihl,  i'K^n-buP,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  in  Lower 
Franconia,  near  Miltenberg.     Pop.  1067. 

Eicho,  a  town  of  Portugal.     See  Eixo. 

Eichst&dt,  or  Aichst&dt,  iK'stStt,  a  town  of  Bavaria, 
42  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ratisbon,  on  the  AltmUhl.  It  has  a 
ducal  residence,  a  cathedral  and  several  other  churches,  a 
Capuchin  convent,  bishop's  palace,  gymnasium,  Latin  and 
other  schools,  a  public  library,  museums,  and  manufactures 
of  earthenwares,  hardwares,  and  woollen  goods,  with  brew- 
eries and  stone-quarries.     Pop.  7136, 

Eichstetten,  iK'st6t-t?n,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the 
Dreisam,  8  miles  N.AV.  of  Freiburg.     Pop.  2590. 


Eichtersheim,  iK't?rs-hime\  a  village  of  Baden,  oircI« 
of  Lower  Rhine,  near  Wiesloch.     Pop.  838. 

Eide,  i'd§,  a  post-office  of  Winneshiek  co.,  Iowa. 

Eider,  i'd^r  or  id'^r  (L.  Eidera),  an  important  river  of 
Germanj',  rises  in  Holstein,  8  miles  S.  of  Kiel,  and  flows  gen- 
erally W.  to  the  North  Sea,  past  Rendsburg  and  Fredericks- 
stadt,  forming,  with  the  canal  of  the  same  name  which  con- 
tinues it,  the  limit  between  Sleswiek  and  Holstein.  Length, 
90  miles,  for  70  miles  of  which  it  is  navigable.  It  opens  a 
communication  between  the  Baltic  and  the  North  Sea,  and 
the  tides  are  felt  as  far  as  Rendsburg. 

Eiderstedt,  i'd^r-stitt^  a  peninsula  of  Prussia,  on  the 
W.  coast  of  Sleswiek,  extending  into  the  North  Sea,  on  the 
N.  side  of  the  estuary  of  the  Eider.  It  forms  a  circle  ia 
the  province  of  Sleswick-IIolstein.  It  is  low,  and  is  de- 
fended from  the  sea  by  dikes  and  lines  of  sand-dunes. 
Capital,  Tonning.     Pop.  17,470. 

Eidsvold, ids'vold,  or  Eidsvold-Bakken,  Ids'vold- 
bik'k^n,  a  town  of  Norway,  42  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of 
Christiania,  on  the  Vermen-EIf.  It  has  iron-forges,  and  waa 
the  seat  of  the  National  Assembly  of  1814.     Pop.  233. 

Eidsvold,  ids'vold,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clark  co..  Wis., 
32  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Neillsville.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Eierland,  Netherlands.     See  Eijerlasd. 

Eifel,  i'fel,  a  range  of  schistose  hills  in  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, connected  W.  with  the  East  Ardennes,  and  trending  E. 
by  S.  towards  the  Rhine,  chiefly  between  the  rivers  Ahr  and 
Nette.  They  are  sometimes  divided  into  Hohen-Eifel 
("  high  Eifel"),  Vorder  Eifel  ("hither  Eifel"),  and  Schnee- 
Eifcl  ("snowy  Eifel"). 

Eig,  Eigg,  eeg,  or  Egg  (Sgg)  Island,  one  of  the 
Hebrides  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Inverness,  12  miles  AV.  of  Ari- 
saig.     Here  are  some  remarkable  basaltic  clifis.    Pop.  282. 

Eigeltingen,  i'gh§l-ting'?n,  a  village  of  Baden,  near 
Stockach.     Pop.  1075. 

Eiger,  i'gh§r,  a  mountain  of  Switzerland,  Bcrneso  Ober- 
land,  2  miles  N.  of  the  Monch.     Elevation,  13,045  feet. 

Eight  Brothers,  or  Sowauba,  so-waw'bi.  a  group 
of  small  islands  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Abyssinia,  at  the  moutu 
of  the  Strait  of  Bab-el-Mandeb. 

Eighteen  Mile,  a  post-office  of  Pickens  eo.,  S.C. 

Eight  Mile,  a  post-office  of  Cass  co..  Mo. 

Eight  Mile  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co..  Neb., 
1 0  miles  S.AV.  of  Plattsmouth.     It  has  a  church. 

Eight  Mile  Si'ding,  a  station  on  the  European  & 
North  American  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Bangor,  Me. 

Eight  Mile  Turn'out,  in  Ch.arleston  co.,  S.C,  is  on 
the  Northeastern  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Charleston. 

Eighty  Eight,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barren  co.,  Ky.,  12 
miles  S.E.  of  Glasgow. 

Eijcrland,  or  Eierland,  i'§r-lint^  ("egg-land"),  a 
former  island  of  the  Netherlands,  province  of  North  IIol- 
land,  now  forming  the  N.  part  (about  two-fifths)  of  the  island 
of  Texel.  It  receives  its  name  from  the  number  of  sea- 
fowls'  eggs  found  upon  it. 

Eiken,  i'ken,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Aargau, 
10  miles  N.  of 'Aarau.     Pop.  861. 

Eilau,  or  Eylau,i'low  (Deutsch,  doitch),  a  town  of 
AA'^est  Prussia,  at  a  railway  junction,  35  miles  S.E.  of  Mari- 
enburg.     Pop.  3832. 

Eilau,  or  Eyiau  (Preussisch,  proi'sish),  a  town  of 
East  Prussia,  22  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Kcinigsberg,  noted 
for  the  French  victory  of  1807.     Pop.  3738. 

Eildon  (eel'd^n)  Hills,  three  conical  peaks  of  Scotland, 
CO.  of  Roxburgh.  Tradition  relates  that  these  hills  were 
originally  one  mountain,  cloven  into  three  parts  by  the 
power  of  the  wizard  Michael  Scott. 

Eilenburg,  i'len-booRG\  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
15  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Leipsic,  on  an  island  in  the  Mulde, 
It  has  varied  manufactures.     Pop.  10,312. 

Eilendorf,  i'len-doRf*,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
3  miles  E.  of  Aix-la-Chapelle.  It  has  a  church,  a  copper- 
mill,  and  mines  of  calamine  and  lead.     Pop.  2300. 

Eilsen,  il's?n,  a  vill.age  of  Germany,  in  Schaumburg- 
Lippe,  2  miles  E.S.E.  of  BUckeburg,  on  the  Aue,  near  the 
Haarlberg  Mountain.     Pop.  209. 

Eilythyas,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  El  Kab. 

Eimauk  Country,  Asia.    See  HnzARRH. 

Eimbeck,  im'bSk,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  on 
the  Ilm,  39  miles  S.E.  of  Hanover.     Pop.  6384. 

Eimco,  i'me-o,  one  of  the  Society  Islands,  in  the  Pacifio 
Ocean,  N.AV.  of  Tahiti.  Lat.  17°  30'  S.;  Ion.  150°  10'  AV. 
Length,  9  miles;  breadth,  5  miles.  It  is  the  station  of  the 
missionaries  in  these  islands,  who  have  established  here 
some  cotton-,  rope-,  and  other  factories. 

Eindhoven,  ind'ho'v^n,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  North  Brabant,  on  the  Dommel,  at  a  railway  junction, . 


SIN 


1100 


ELA 


19  milM  S.E.  of  Bois-le-Duo.  It  hu  a  liatin  sohool,  and 
oannuriicturca  of  linens  timl  woollens.     Pop.  3181. 

EiuOd,  i'niit,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Styria,  5^  miles 
N.W.  of  Judenburg,  with  mineral  springs.  Pop.  80.  There 
»r«  numerous  villages  in  Germany  called  Einrid  or  Kiniido. 

Einaicdely  in'souM^I,  a  village  of  H^ngnry,  co.  of  Zips, 
on  the  OOliiiti,  lU  miles  N.K.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  2460. 

Kinsiedein,  tn'seeMQin,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Schwitt,  at  the  terminus  of  a  railway. 
It  comprises  many  inns  and  houses  for  the  reception  of 
pilgrims,  and  owes  its  origin  to  a  famous  Benedictine  abbey, 
Founded  in  the  ninth  century,  which  has  spacious  apartments, 
a  hospital,  a  library  with  40,000  volumes,  a  museum  of 
paintings  and  Iloman  antiquittbs,  and  a  marble  chapel  with 
an  image  of  the  Virgin,  which,  on  the  14th  of  September 
annually,  attracts  on  an  average  150,000  pilgrims.  Its  rich 
treasury  was  despoiled  by  the  French  in  1798.  The  reformer 
Zwingli  was  curate  of  Einsicdeln.     Pop.  7633. 

EinsicdeiUy  in'soeM^ln,  a  hamlet  in  Lawrence  co., 
Tonn.,  20  miles  from  Pulaski.  It  has  a  Catholic  church  and 
a  convent,  and  is  inhabited  by  Germans. 

Einuru,  Tnoo-roo',  a  town  of  British  India,  presidency 
of  Miidrivs,  in  lat  13°  5'  N.,  Ion.  75°  16'  E.,  having  a  Brah- 
mnniunl  and  numerous  Jain  temples. 

Einville,  &.v»*veer,  a  town  of  France,  in  Meurthe-et- 
Moselle,  4i  miles  N.  of  Lun6ville.     Pop.  1165. 

Eisnch)  i'z&ic,  or  Eisak^  i'z&k,  a  river  of  Austria,  in 
Tyrol,  rises  near  Mount  Brenner,  and  flows  into  the  Adige. 

Eisdale,  an  island  of  the  Hebrides.    See  Easdale. 

Eisenach,  i'7,§n-4K\  a  town  of  Germany,  grand  duchy 
of  Sa.xc-Weimar,  capital  of  the  principality  of  Eisenach, 
on  the  llorsel,  at  the  foot  of  the  Wartburg,  and  at  a  railway 
junction,  44  miles  W.  of  Weimar.  It  is  the  principal  town 
in  the  Thuringian  Forest,  and  has  many  good  public  edifices, 
including  a  ducal  residence,  mint,  town  hall,  prisons,  hos- 
pitals, gymnasium,  forest  and  various  other  schools,  manu- 
fivctures  of  cotton  goods,  soap,  and  white  lead,  dye-works, 
and  tanneries.  Near  it  is  the  castle  of  Wartburg,  once  the 
residence  of  the  landgraves  of  Thuringia,  and  in  which 
Luther  passed  ten  months  of  durance,  1521-22,  under  the 
friendly  arrest  of  the  Elector  of  Saxony.  P.  (1885)  19,736. 

Eisenach,  a  principality  of  Germany,  forming  part  of 
the  grand  duchy  of  Saxe- Weimar-Eisenach,  but  detached 
from  the  rest.  It  is  on  the  W.  border  of  the  Saxon  district, 
and  has  Prussian  Hesse  on  the  W.  Area,  285  square  miles. 
Capital,  Eisenach.     Pop.  84,298. 

Eiscnberg,  i'z?n-b6RG*,  a  town  of  Central  Germany, 
in  Saxe-Altenburg,  24  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Altenburg.  It  has 
a  castle,  with  an  observatory,  and  manufactures  of  woollen 
stuffs  and  porcelain.     Pop.  5509. 

Eisenburg,  rz9n-b5oRG\  orVas-Varmegye,  vosh- 
vaa'mi^dyi*,  a  county  of  Hungary,  bounded  W.  by  Styria, 
and  N.W.  by  the  Archduchy  of  Austria.  Area,  1937  square 
miles.     Pop.  331,602. 

Eisenburg,  i'z^n-boouG^  or  Vasvar,  voshV&n',  a 
torm  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Eisenburg,  near  the  Herpenyo,  27 
miles  S.E.  of  Guns.     Pop.  1860. 

Eiscndorf,  i'zfn-donr,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  38  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Pilsen,  near  Bavaria.     Pop.  1391. 

Eisenerz,  i'z§n-6Rt8\  or  Innerberg,  in'n^r-bSno^  a 
town  of  Austria,  in  Styria,  25  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of 
Bruck,  at  the  foot  of  the  Erzberg  or  Iron  Mountain.  It 
contains  a  Gothic  church  of  the  thirteenth  century,  and  is 
celebrated  for  its  iron,  which  has  been  worked  on  the  moun- 
tain for  1000  years.     Pop.  1727. 

Eisenstadt^i'z^n-stitt*  (Hnn.^t*  Martony,  kish  maiO- 
ton'),  a  town  of  Hungary,  12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Oedenburg, 
near  the  W.  bank  of  Lake  Neusiedl.  Pop.  5179.  It  has  a 
town  house  and  a  Franciscan  convent,  and  contains  the  mag- 
nificent palace  of  Prince  Esterhazy,  with  a  chapel,  theatre, 
and  other  splendid  apartments.  In  the  park  is  an  extensive 
orangery,  containing  400  orange-trees  and  70,000  species  of 
exotic  ]>lants.     N.  of  the  town  are  zoological  gardens. 

Eisielt,  ice'fdlt,  a  town  of  Germany,  inSaxe-Meiningen, 
on  the  Wcrra,  23  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Meiningen,  in  an 
extensive  valley.  It  is  divided  by  the  river  into  the  old 
and  the  new  town.     Pop.  3091. 

Eisgrub,  ice'groop,  a  town  of  Moravia,  29  miles  S.S.E. 
of  BrUnn,  on  the  Thaya.     Pop.  2200. 

Eisk,  a  town  of  Russia,     bee  Yeisk. 

Eisiebcn,  ico'li-b^n,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  25 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Halle.  It  is  divided  into  an  old  town 
enclosed  by  walls  and  ditches,  and  a  new  town,  with  suburbs, 
and  has  an  old  castle,  a  gymnasium,  and  the  house  in  which 
Luther  was  born  in  1483,  now  a  charity  school.  The  mining 
and  smelting  of  silver  and  copper,  and  the  manufacture  of 
Unens,  toboQco,  and  chemicals,  are  carried  on.    Pop.  14,379. 


Eislingcn,  or  Gross  Einlingcn,  groce  Icc'ling-fn, 
a  village  of  WUrtomberg,  2  miles  E.  of  Gcippingcn,  on  the 
Fils.     Pop.  1677. 

Eisncrn,  or  Aisncrn,  Ice'n^m,  a  village  of  Austria, 
in  Carniola,  24  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lay  bach.     Pop.  1300. 

Eiterfcld,  i't^r-fdlt^  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nas- 
sau, 7  miles  S.E.  of  liersfuld.     I'op.  505. 

Eitzen,  it'z^n,  a  post-hamlet  of  Houston  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Winnebago  township,  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  New  Albin,  Iowa. 

Eivclstadt,  a  town  of  Bavaria.    See  Eibri.stadt. 

Eixo  or  Eicho,  d'o-shu  or  d'sho,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
Beira,  27  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lamogo.     Pop.  1603. 

EJanna,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Yrnxe. 

Eica  de  los  Caballeros.    See  Egea  de  los  Cada- 

LLEROS. 

Ejntla,  d-noot'l&,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  and  about  50 
miles  S.  of  Oajaca. 
Ekaterinburg,  Russia.    See  YEKATEniNBOono. 
Ekatcrinodar,  Russia.     See  Ykkateiunodar. 
Ekaterinograd,  Russia.    See  YEKATEitiNOGiiAn. 
Ekateriuoslav,  or  Ekaterinoslaw.    See  Yeka- 

TERINOSLAV. 

Eken,  a  river  of  England.     See  Ehex. 

Ekenfis,  or  Ekenes,  dk'f h-n^ce',  written  also  Ekn&it, 
a  seaport  of  Finland,  province  of  Nyland,  on  the  N.  side  of 
the  entrance  of  the  Gulf  of  Finland,  25  miles  by  rail  N.W 
of  Hang-o-Udde.     Pon.  1552. 

Ekeroe,  fik'§r-o'?n,  one  of  the  Aland  Islands,  in  tli« 
Gulf  of  Bothnia,  W.  of  Aland.     Length,  12  miles. 

Ekhe,  fik'^h,  or  Iga,  ig'a,  a  river  of  Mongolia,  issues 
from  the  S.  end  of  Lake  Koossaigool,  in  about  lat.  50°  28' 
N.,  Ion.  100°  E.,  from  which  it  flows  S.E.,  nnd  joins  th« 
Selenga  at  lat.  18°  30'  N.,  Ion.  104°  E.     Length,  170  miles. 

Ek-Hissar,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Ak-Hissau. 

Ekhniim,  or  Ekhmyni,  Egypt.    See  Akhmym. 

Ekim  Khan,  fik>em'  Kin,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
140  miles  E.  of  Seevas,  near  the  junction  of  the  Kamak  or 
Ana  with  the  Euphrates.     Pop.  from  1000  to  1500. 

E'kin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tipton  co.,  Ind.,  in  Jefferson 
township,  about  8  miles  S.W.  of  Tipton.  It  has  several 
churches  near  it. 

Eknfts,  or  Ekncfts.    See  Ekenas. 

E'konk,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windham  co..  Conn.,  is  on  a 
high  hill,  5  miles  S.  of  Oneco  Station,  and  about  15  miles 
N.E.  of  Norwich.     It  has  a  church. 

Ek'ron,  an  ancient  town  of  Palestine,  identified  with 
the  village  of  Akree,  23  miles  W.N.W.  of  Jerusalem. 

Eksjo,  fik'sho,  or  Ekcsjoe,  4k'e-sh6'^h,  a  town  of 
Sweden,  on  a  plain,  160  miles  S.W.  of  Stockholm.     P.  1969. 

Ela,  e'la,  a  township  of  Lake  co.,  111.  Pop.  1277.  It 
contains  the  hamlet  of  Lake  Zurich. 

El -Aar-Edh,  a  mountain-range  of  Arabia.  See  Aaued. 

El  Aasy,  a  river  of  Syria.     See  Ouontes. 

El-Abiad,  a  river  of  Africa.     See  Bahr-el-Adiad, 

Elagui,  a  river  of  Siberia.     See  Yelagooi. 

El-Ahmar,  a  city  of  Egypt.    See  Ahmar. 

£l-Ahsa,  a  country  of  Asia.    See  Lahsa. 

E'lam,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  1  mile  S  of 
Brandywine  Summit,  which  is  27  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of 
Philadelphia.     It  has  a  chapel  and  a  hotel. 

E'lamsviile,  a  post-bamlet  of  Patrick  co.,  Va.,  41 
miles  S.  of  Christiansburg.    It  has  a  church  and  2  tanneries. 

Elana,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  Akabah. 

E'land,  or  EMand  Junc'tion,  a  post-village  of 
Shawano  co..  Wis.,  20  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Antigo.    Pop.  200. 

EI-Araish,  4l-iVIsh',  or  Al-Araisch,  il-i'rish' 
("the  garden  of  pleasure"),  improperly  Larache  and 
earache,  a  fortified  seaport  town  of  Morocco,  on  a  de- 
clivity near  the  mouth  of  a  river  flowing  into  the  Atlantic, 
45  miles  S.S.W.  of  Tangier.  Lat.  36°  13'  N. ;  Ion.  6°  9' 
W.  Pop.  4000,  of  whom  1300  are  Jews.  It  has  a  castle,  a 
handsome  mosque,  a  large  market-place,  and  a  dock -yard. 
The  port  receives  only  small  vessels,  and  trades  in  grain, 
pulse,  cork,  and  wool. 

El-Arawan,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Arawan. 

El-Areesh,  or  El-Arish,  Sl-i-rcesh',  a  village  of 
Egypt,  on  the  Mediterranean,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Wadj'-el- 
Areesh,  or  "River  of  Egypt,"  near  the  boundary  of  Egypt 
and  Palestine.  It  occupies  the  site  of  the  ancient  Jihiuo- 
colura.     Pop.  2284. 

El-Arooat,or  ENAghouat.  See  Lagiiouat. 

Ei-Arouch,  6l-i'roosh',  a  village  of  Algeria,  20  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Philippevillc.     Pop.  2127. 

El-Asia,  a  village  of  Algeria.    See  Asla. 

Elatea,  a  mountain  of  Greece.     See  CiTii^ncN. 

El-Atef,  fil-4HSr,  or  El-Ateuf,  fil-i^tuf,  a  town  of 
Algeria,  in  the  Sahara,  lat.  32°  28'  N.,  Ion.  2°  18'  E.   P.  2500. 


ELA 


1107 


ELB 


Elau,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Ecle, 

Elavcr,  the  ancient  name  of  Allikb. 

El-Azireeh,  a  village  of  Palestine.    See  Bethant. 

El-Azrek,  a  river  of  Africa.    See  Bahr-el-Azuek. 

Elba^  dl'ba(Fr.  Elbe,  Sib;  anc.  Il'va  and  yEtha' lia),  an 

island  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  in  the  Mediterranean,  between 

Corsica  and  the  coast  of  Italy,  from  which  it  is  separated 

by  the  channel  of  Pioinbino.     It  is  of  a  triangular  form, 

and  is  deeply  indented  by  7  gulfs,  which  form  several  good 

ports,  the  best  of  which  is  that  of  Porto  Ferrajo,  the  capital. 

Length,  17i  miles.     The  island  is  mountainous,  the  climate 

is  temperate  and  healthy,  and  excellent  wine  and  fruit  are 

produced.     Iron  abounds  in  many  parts  of  the  island.     By 

the  treaty  of  Paris,  in  IS14,  the  island  was  erected  into  a 

govcreignty  for  Napoleon,  and  it  vms  his  residence  from  May 

3,  18U.  to  February  26,  1815.     Pop.  21,756. Adj.  and 

inhab.  El'bax. 

El'ba,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Coffee  ec,  Ala.,  on  Pea 
River,  30  miles  S.  of  Troy,  and  about  75  miles  S.  by  B.  of 
Montgomery.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  and 
an  academy.     Pop.  285. 

Elba,  a  post-village  of  Cassia  co.,  Idaho,  10  miles  S. 
of  Albion.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  200. 

Elba,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gallatin  co..  111.,  about  15  miles 
N.W.  of  Shawneetown.    It  has  a  church  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Elba,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.,  in  Elba  town- 
ship, and  on  the  Chicago  &  Lake  Huron  Railroad,  7  miles 
W.  of  Lapeer,  and  13  miles  E.  of  Flint.  It  has  a  church, 
a  lumber-mill,  and  20  houses.    Pop.  of  the  township,  1089. 

Elba,  a  post-village  of  Winona  co.,  Minn.,  in  Elba 
township,  and  on  the  Minneiska  River,  about  22  miles  W. 
of  Winona.  It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  and  a  flour-mill. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  f)45. 

Elba,  a  post-village  of  Howard  co..  Neb.,  13  miles  by 
rail  N.  by  W.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  an 
academy,  and  a  creamery.     Pop.  400. 

Elba,  formerly  Pine  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Genesee 
CO.,  N.Y.,  6  miles  (direct)  N.  of  Batavia,  and  30  miles  by 
rail  W.S.W.  of  Rochester.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  steam  flour-mill,  and  manufactures  of  staves, 
heading,  harness,  Ac.     Pop.  428. 

Elba,  a  post-hamlet  of  VVashington  co.,  0.,  on  the  Clove- 
land  <fc  Marietta  Railroad,  22  miles  N.  of  Marietta.  It  has 
a  church.  Coal,  building-stone,  and  petroleum  oil  are 
found  in  the  vicinity  in  large  quantities.     Pop.  about  160. 

Elba,  a  post- village  of  Fayette  co.,  Tenn.,  5  miles  N.E. 
of  Colliersville.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  plough-factory. 

Elba,  or  Franklin  Junction,  a  post-villiige  of 
Pittsylvania  co.,  Va.,  10  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Chatham.  It 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  250. 

Elba,  a  post-village  in  Cardwell  oo.,  Ontario,  10  miles 
N.  of  Orangcville.     Pop.  100. 

Elba  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  IlL 

El  Bacharieh,  SI  bi-ka-ree'y§h  (anc.  Oa'nia  TrinytW- 
eo>),  an  oasis  belonging  to  Egypt,  in  the  Libyan  Desert. 
Lat.  28°  N.  It  contains  many  antiquities,  including  some 
flowing  artesian  wells,  and  is  a  fruitful  basin,  with  high 
rocky  walls. 

El  Bahari,  a  region  of  Egypt.     See  Bahari. 

El  Balad,  51  bi-lid',  an  ancient  city  of  Arabia,  of 
which  the  ruins  only  now  remain,  on  the  S.E.  coast.  Lat. 
17°  1'  N.;  Ion.  54°  12'  30"  E.  The  ruins  are  spread  over 
a  space  2  miles  long  and  600  yards  broad,  and  consist  of 
extensive  mounds  of  stone.  It  is  not  known  when  this 
city  was  built ;  but  there  is  a  tradition  that  it  was  founded 
about  the  middle  of  the  twelfth  century. 

ENBallah,  a  lake  of  Egypt.     See  Ballah. 

El-Bassan,  fil-bis'sin',  Al-Bassan,  il-bis*sin',  or 
Il-Bassan,  il-bis'sin',  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
in  Albania,  64  miles  S.E.  of  Scutari,  on  a  tributary  of  the 
Scombi.     Lat.  41°  11'  N. ;  Ion.  19°  56'  E.     Pop.  3000. 

El'baville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Davie  co.,  N.C.,  in  the 
valley  of  the  Yadkin  River,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Le.\ington. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Elbe,  6lb  (Ger.  pron.  §rb?h;  anc.  Al'bls;  Bohemian, 
Lahe,  li'bi;  Dutch,  Elve,  dl'v^h),  an  important  river  of 
Germany,  rises  in  the  Riesengebirgc,  Bohemia,  from  30 
springs,  the  southernmost  of  which,  tho  Elbbrunnen,  is 
situated  at  an  elevation  of  4500  feet  above  the  sea.  It 
flows  generally  N.W.,  and  waters  Bohemia,  Saxony,  and 
Prussia,  separates  Hanover  and  Mecklenburg,  and  forms 
part  of  the  S.  boundary  of  Holstein.  It  enters  the  German 
Ocean  near  the  port  of  Cuxhaven.  Length,  in  a  direct 
line,  395  miles;  including  windings,  550  miles.  Its  chief 
affluents  are  the  Havel,  JMoldau,  Eger,  and  Saale.  It  is 
navigable  from  the  confluence  of  the  Moldau,  but  its  navi- 
gation is  impeded  by  the  lowucss  of  its  bed,  the  greater 


part  of  which  is  only  from  150  to  300  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  sea.  It  is  14  miles  wide  at  its  mouth,  and  ships 
drawing  14  feet  of  water  can  ascend  it  at  all  times  to  Ham- 
burg, but  its  estuary  is  encumbered  by  sand-banks.  It  is 
connected  by  canals  with  the  Oder  and  the  Trave;  and  light 
steam-packets  ascend  it  as  far  as  Melnik  in  Bohemia. 
Elbe,  an  island.  See  Elba. 
El'bee,  a  post-office  of  Burleson  co.,  Tex. 
Elberfeld,  5rb§r-f51t'  (Dutch,  Elbervelde,  irbgr-ffiP- 
d§h),  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  on  the  Wipper,  16  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Dusscldorf.  This  is  one  of  the  richest  and 
most  important  manufacturing  towns  of  Germany.  It  is 
long,  straggling,  and  irregularly  built ;  but  in  the  newer 
parts  of  the  town  are  several  good  streets,  well  paved,  and 
lighted  with  gas.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  gymnasium,  with  ti 
library  and  museum,  a  school  of  manufactures,  and  burgher 
schools  and  technical  schools.  It  has  dyeing-establishments, 
bleaching-grounds,  cotton-spinning-factories,  and  other  in- 
dustrial works  of  great  extent.  It  is  famed  for  the  dyeing 
of  Turkey-red.  Elberfeld  is  adjacent  to  the  city  of  Bar- 
men. (See  Baume.v.)  It  has  extensive  exchange  trans- 
actions, a  Rhenish  West-Indian  trading  company,  and  a 
mining  company.  It  is  the  seat  of  important  religious 
and  philanthropic  associations,  and  has  large  charitable 
institutions.     Pop.  in  1875,  80,599;  in  1890,  125,899. 

El'berfeld,  a  post-village  of  Warrick  co.,  Ind.,  14 
miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Evansville.  It  has  2  churches. 
Coal  is  found  here.     Pop.  about  150. 

El'beron,  a  post-village  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa  16  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Tama.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  a  cheese- 
factory,  and  a  sorghum-factory.     Pop.  about  200. 

El'bert,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Colorado,  borders 
on  Kansas.  It  is  drained  by  Big  Sandy,  Bijou,  and  Kiowa 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  an  elevated,  arid  plain,  nearly  des- 
titute of  trees.  Cattle  are  the  chief  source  of  revenue.  It 
is  intersected  by  two  railroads.  Area,  1880  square  miles. 
Capital,  Kiowa.     Pop.  in  1880.  1708;  in  1890,  1856. 

Elbert,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Georgia,  border- 
ing on  South  Carolina.  Area,  4U6  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Savannah  River,  and  on  the  S. 
and  S.W.  by  the  Broad  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests  ;  the  soil  is  moderately  fertile. 
Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
is  intersected  by  two  lines  of  railroad.  Capital,  Elberton. 
Pop.  in  1870,  9249;  in  1880,  12,957;  in  1890,  15,376. 

Elbert,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Elbert  co..  Col.,  52 
miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Denver.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded 
school,  and  a  newspaper  ofiice.     Pop.  200. 

El'berton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Elbert  co.,  Ga.,  34 
miles  by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Athens.  It  has  a  court-house,  3 
churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  2  schools. 

Elbe-Teinitz,  fil'b^h-ti'nits,  a  railway-town  of  Bo- 
hemia, on  the  Elbe,  19  miles  W.  of  Chrudim.     Pop.  2580. 

Elbeuf,  or  Elbccuf,  firbuf  (L.  Elbo'vium  or  Ellebo'.' 
vinm),  a  town  of  France,  Soine-Inforieure,  13  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Rouen,  at  a  railway  junction.  It  is  beautifully  situated 
in  a  picturesque  valley,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Seine.  Its 
newer  streets  are  wide  and  handsome,  some  of  them  open- 
ing into  a  spacious  area,  bordered  with  chestnut  trees,  called 
the  Champ  de  Foire ;  and  it  has  eight  artesian  wells,  with. 
si.v  well-supplied  public  fountains,  and  is  lighted  with  gas. 
It  has  a  town  house,  a  public  library,  a  hospital,  and  a 
museum.  Elbeuf  is  chiefly  noted  foritsspinneries,  numerous, 
factories,  and  dye-works,  and  for  the  manufacture  and  finish 
of  woollen  cloths, — being  the  third  town  in  France  for  this 
species  of  manufacture.  The  lighter  woollens,  such  as 
zephyrs,  habit-cloths,  checkered  stuffs,  fine  colored  flannel 
fabrics,  and  billiard-table  covers,  are  made  to  a  great  extent, 
employing  about  two-thirds  of  the  inhabitants.  Elbeuf 
is  also  an  entrepot  for  the  better  cloths  of  Louviers  and 
Sedan,  and  for  wool.  Soap,  chemical  stuffs,  oil,  and  ma- 
chinery for  the  woollen  manufactures  are  likewise  made. 
It  has  also  some  trade  in  grain  and  timber,  and  traffic  by 
steamer.  Elbeuf  is  an  old  town,  and,  as  early  as  the  six- 
teenth century,  had  80  cloth-manufactories;  but  its  impor- 
tance as  a  great  exporting  cloth  mart  dates  from  about  a.d. 
1720.     Pop.  in  1881,  22,883,  exclusive  of  large  suburbs. 

Elbing,  dl'bing  (Polish,  A76jajr,5rby6N<';  L.  Elbiu'ga), 
a  fortified  seaport  of  West  Prussia,  34  miles  by  rail  E.S.E. 
of  Dantzic,  on  the  Elbing,  5  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the 
Frische-Hafi".  It  consists  of  an  old  town,  a  new  town,  and 
suburbs,  and  was  until  lately  enclosed  by  walls,  of  which  small 
portions  remain.  The  principal  edifices  are  the  churches,  a 
synagogue,  a  gymnasium,  with  a  public  library,  and  numer- 
ous schools  and  charitable  establishments,  including  a  house 
of  industry  in  which  400  children  are  educated.  It  baa 
manufactures  of  woollen  cloths,  refined  sugar,  vitriol,  pearl* 


ILl 


1108 


ELB 


Mb,  tobkooo,  SftiUcloth,  oil.  sUroh,  soap,  and  ohiooory.  lU 
triMl*  it  exMnsire.     Pun.  in  1885,  88,38«. 

ElbinKerodet4rbing-ghf-roM«h,atownof  Prnseia,  In 
Hanovor,  in  ttio  Han,  2U  luilea  E.  of  Claustbai.  Pop.  2966, 
•mplojwl  in  mining,  Iron-forging,  and  brewing. 

El'binaville,  a  poit-offico  of  Bedford  oo..  Pa. 

Kllxuuf,  II  town  of  Friinoe.     Soc  Klbbuf. 

KIbogviit  or  Ellbogen,  fil-bo'gh^n,  or  EInbogen, 
lln-bo'gh^n  ("  elbow"),  a  town  of  Bohomia,  74  miles  by  mil 
W.  bv  N.  of  Praguo.  It  is  situated  on  a  steep,  rocliy  prom- 
ontory, round  which  the  Eger,  here  oros8«Ml  by  a  chain 
bri<l};o,  makes  an  elbow-like  bend,  to  which  the  town  owes 
lU  nnmo.     It  is  fortified.     Pop.  3257. 

EI-UoRtan,  dl-bos't&n'  (i.e.,  "the  garden;"  anc.  Co- 
mnnn  t),  a  town  of  Asiatio  Turkey,  pashalio  and  40  miles 
N.W.  of  Marash,  on  the  Syhoon  (Sarus),  and  on  the  N.  side 
•r  Mount  Taurus.  Pop.  from  8000  to  9000.  It  has  several 
mosques,  with  a  considerable  trade  in  wheat,  and  is  said  to 
have  about  40  denendunt  villages. 

El-Uothcr,  Al-bo't'h^r,  a  low  sandy  island  in  the  Red 
Boa,  on  the  Arabian  coast,  lat.  15°  25'  N.,  Ion.  41°  30'  E., 
3  miles  N.W.  of  Kamaran  Island. 

Elboviuni)  a  Latin  name  of  Elbecf. 

El'bow,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  N.Y.,  2  miles  N. 
of  llorricon.     It  hns  2  churches. 

Elbow  Lake,  Minnesota,  the  source  of  the  Red  River 
of  the  North,  is  in  the  N.  part  of  Becker  co.  It  is  nearly 
9  uiilcs  long,  and  is  1680  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Elbow  Lake,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Qrunt  co., 
Minn.,  16U  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Minneapolis.  It  has  a 
church,  2  banks,  a  graded  school,  and  2  newspaper  offices. 
Pop.  267. 

El'bridge,  a  village  of  Edgar  oo..  III.,  9  miles  S.E.  of 
Paris,  and  about  10  miles  W.  by  N.  from  Terre  Haute. 

Elbridge,  a  post-village  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Skaneatoles  Outlet,  12  miles  W.  of  Syracuse.  It  contains 
3  churches,  a  flouring-mill,  3  chair-factories,  a  paper-mill, 
and  the  Munro  Collegiate  Institute,  which  is  liberally  en- 
dowed.   Pop.  693. 

Eibrooz,  Elbrouz,  or  Elbruz,  iPbrooz',  written 
also  Elburz  or  Elburj,  a  range  of  mountains  in  Central 
Asia,  occupying  a  middle  position  between  the  Anti-Taurus 
and  the  Ivucnlun,  and  forming  the  connecting  i-ange  by 
which  those  two  systems  are  united.  The  Elbrooz  pursue  a 
course  nearly  E.  and  W.,  skirting  the  S.  shores  of  the  Cas- 
pian, and  stretching  E.  to  the  highlands  of  Moorghaub,  in 
Afghanistan.  This  mountain-tract,  irregular  in  shape  and 
spreading  out  in  some  parts  to  a  breadth  of  fully  200  miles, 
ia  divided  longitudinally  into  ridges,  sepivrating  valleys 
which  communicate  with  one  another  by  passes  or  defiles 
and  form  an  extensive  aggregate  of  districts,  many  of  which 
are  well  inhabited  and  cultivated. 

Elbrooz,  or  Elbruz,  the  highest  mountain  of  the 
Caucasus  and  of  Europe,  stands  on  the  northern  slope  of  the 
principal  range,  and  is  18,526  feet  high.  It  is  visible  for 
more  than  200  miles,  and  at  its  base  is  a  glacier  whence 
flows  the  river  Kooban. 

Elburg,  fil'burc,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Gelder- 
land,  on  the  Zuyder  Zee,  33  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Arnhem. 
Lat.  62°  26'  56"  N. ;  Ion.  5°  50'  E.     Pop.  2467. 

El'burn,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Kane  co.,  111., 
9  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Geneva.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks, 
flour-mills,  and  tile-works.     Pop.  650. 

EI  Cajon,  h\  k&-Hon',  a  post-village  of  San  Diego  co., 
Cal.,  in  a  beautiful  valley  of  the  same  name,  15  miles  N.E. 
of  San  Diego.  It  has  a  church,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
public  schools.  The  fruit-growing  valley  of  El  Cajon,  some 
50,000  acres  in  extent,  is,  on  account  of  its  mild  climate,  a 
great  resort  for  invalids. 

El  Carpio,  hi  kan'pe-o,  a  town  of  Spain,  22  miles 
"W.N.W.  of  Toledo,  near  the  Tagus.     Pop.  2588. 

Elcebus,  or  Elcebnm.    See  Schlbttstadt. 

Elche,  dl'chi  (anc.  Il'ici  or  Il'lice),  a  town  of  Spain, 
13  miles  S.W.  of  Alicante.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and 
bas  wholly  an  Oriental  appearance,  being  built  in  the 
Moorish  style  and  surrounded  on  all  sides  by  extensive 
plantations  of  date-palms,  which  furnish  its  principal  arti- 
cle of  export,  shipped  from  Alicante  as  "  Barbary  dates." 
The  chief  edifices  are  a  fine  old  castle  of  the  Duke  of  Arcos, 
a  church  with  a  majestic  dome,  convents,  and  schools.  A 
handsome  bridge  crosses  a  ravine  which  intersects  the  town. 
It  has  many  Roman  inscriptions,  and  an  ancient  palace 
and  fortalice,  called  Callaforra.     Pop.  18,734. 

Elche  de  la  Sierra,  dl'ch^  d&  1&  so-dR'R&,  a  town  of 
Spain,  65  miles  S.S.W.  of  Alboceto,  on  the  Segura. 

Elchingen,  or  Ober  Elchingen,  S'bQr  dl'King-^n, 
a  Tillage  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Danube,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Ulm. 


El  Ciego,  61  Ibe-i'go,  a  town  of  Spain,  9  mile*  W.N.W. 
of  l-()j;roRo,  on  the  Ebro.     Pop.  13110. 

El'co,  a  post-village  of  Alexander  co.,  III.,  28  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Cuiro.  It  has  2  churches,  a  free  school,  and 
manufactures  of  box-material.     Pup.  250. 

Elda,  dl'd&  (anc.  Adal'Uim),  a  town  of  Spain,  26  miles 
N.W.  of  Alicante,  on  the  Elda.  Pop.  3874.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  paper,  soap,  lace,  leather,  and  brandy. 

Eldagscn,  di'd&o-sfn,  a  town  of  I'russia,  in  Hanover, 
15  miles  S.S.W.  of  llnnover.     Pop.  2344. 

El-Dakhel,  h\  d^K^I,  or  Wah-el-Dakhleh,  wil  h\ 
d&K'Idh,  an  oasis  of  Egy]>t,  near  lat.  26°  30'  N.,  Ion.  29° 
K.,  50  miles  W.  of  the  oasis  of  El  Khargeh.  Length,  from 
E.  to  \V.,  28  miles;  breadth,  16  miles.  E.'<tiinatcd  ]iop. 
between  6000  and  7000.  The  soil  is  very  fertile,  yielding 
large  quantities  of  dates,  olives,  and  other  fruits.  It  con- 
tains the  small  towns  of  El  Kasr  and  Kalamoun,  numerous 
villages,  and  the  remains  of  many  ancient  towns,  with  a  re- 
markable temple. 

El  Da'ra,  a  post-village  of  Pike  co..  III.,  in  Derry 
township,  about  32  miles  S.E.  of  Quincy.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  plough -factory.     Pop.  about  301). 

Elde,  fil'd^h,  a  river  of  Mocklenburg-Schwerin,  which, 
rising  in  Lake  Miiritz,  form.s  several  lakes,  flows  W.  by  b., 
receives  the  waters  of  Lake  Schwerin,  and  joins  the  Elbe  at 
Diimitz,  62  miles  S.E.  of  Hamburg.     Length,  94  miles. 

Eldena,  fil'd^h-ni,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania, 
6  miles  E.  of  Greifswald,  has  a  royal  school  of  agriculture. 

Elde'na,a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co..  111.,  on  the  Illinois 
Central  Railroad,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Dixon.     It  has  a  church. 

El  Derayeh,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  Deravkii. 

EI'der  Creek,  a  post-ofiice  of  Tehama  oo.,  Cal. 

EI'dersburg,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  about 
20  miles  N.W.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  3  churches. 

EI'derslie,  or  El'lerslie,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co. 
of  Renfrew,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Paisley.  'I'his  is  the  ancient 
patrimony  and  supposed  birthplace  of  Wallace,  in  whose 
family  it  remaine<l  until  the  last  century.     Pop.  1144. 

EI'der's  Ridge,  a  post-village  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Young  township,  7  miles  N.  of  Saltsburg.  It  has  an  acad- 
emy .and  a  church.     Coal  is  found  hero. 

EI'dersville,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Jefferson  township,  33  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Pittsburg,  and  IJ 
miles  S.  of  Hamlin  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
graded  school,  and  a  coal-mine.     Pop.  about  230. 

El'derton,  a  post-borough  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa.,  12 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Indiana,  and  about  40  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Pittsburg.  It  has  an  academy,  4  churches,  2  grist-mills, 
and  a  tannery.     Pop.  243. 

El'derville,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co..  III.,  in 
Wythe  township,  about  30  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Quincy.  It 
has  a  church. 

El  Djar,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  Djar. 

EI'don,  a  post-village  of  Wapello  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Des  Moines  River,  12  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Ottumwa.  It 
has  6  churches  and  2  newspaper  offices.  Coal  is  mined 
near  here.     Pop.  1725. 

Eldon,  a  post-village  of  Miller  co..  Mo.,  10  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Bagnell,  and  9  miles  (direct)  N.W.  of  Tuscum- 
bia.     It  has  4  churches  and  an  academy. 

Eldon,  Prince  Edward  Island.     See  Belfast. 

Eldo'ra,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hiirdin  co.,  Iowa,  is 
on  the  Iowa  River,  and  on  the  Central  Iowa  Railroad,  27 
miles  N.  by  W.  from  Marshalltown,  and  about  65  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  9  churches,  2  newspaper 
offices,  2  banks,  the  state  reform  school,  and  a  court-house. 
Pop.  in  1 890,  1577. 

Eldora,  a  township  of  Surry  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1102. 

El  Dorado,  61  do-ri'no,  a  name  given  by  the  Span- 
iards to  a  part  of  South  America,  now  called  Guiana.  It 
signifies  "the  golden"  country. 

El  Dorado,  61  do-rah'do,  a  county  of  California,  bor- 
dering on  Nevada,  has  an  area  of  about  1800  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  and  N.W.  by  the  Middle  Fork  of 
American  River,  and  is  drained  by  the  South  Fork  of  the 
same,  and  by  the  Cosumne  River.  The  beautiful  Lake 
Tahoe  touches  the  N.E.  part  of  this  county,  which  also  has 
a  remarkable  alabaster  cave.  The  surface  is  partly  moun- 
tainous, and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests,  in  which 
the  pine  and  oak  abound.  The  great  Sierra  Nevada  ex- 
tends through  the  eastern  part  of  the  county,  in  which 
much  lumber  has  been  procured.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is 
fertile.  Granite,  slate,  limestone,  fine  marble,  and  quartz 
are  abundant  here.  Gold  and  wine  are  the  chief  articles 
of  export.  The  Placerville  division  of  the  Southern  Pacific 
Railroad  system  traverses  the  southwestern  portion  of  this 
county  for  a  distance  of  29  miles,  terminating  at  Placer- 


ELD 


1109 


:elf 


ville,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  18^0,  20,562;  in 
1870,  10,30y;  in  1880,  10,683;  in  1890,  92.'{2. 

El  Dorado,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Union  co.,  Ark., 
about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Camden.  It  has  a  court-house,  5 
churches,  6  dry-goods  stores,  and  a  newspaper  ofiBce. 

El  Dorado,  a  post-village  of  El  Dorado  co.,  Cal.,  about 
40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sacramento.  It  has  several  churches. 
Gold  is  found  here. 

El  Dorado,  i\  do-rah'do  or  fil  do-ra'do,  a  township  of 
McDonough  CO.,  III.     Pop.  883, 

El  Dorado,  a  post-village  and  railroad  centre  of  Sa- 
line CO.,  111.,  8  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Harrisburg,  and  31 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Benton.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  saw-mill,  a  creamery, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  wheel-stock  company.     Pop.  about  1 100. 

El  Dorado,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  925. 

El  Dorado,  a  post-village  of  Fayetteco.,  Iowa,  in  Dover 
township,  on  the  Turkey  River,  7  miles  N.  of  West  Union. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

El  Dorado,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas, 
on  Walnut  River,  and  on  the  Florence,  El  Dorado  <fc  Wal- 
nut Valley  Railroad,  30  miles  S.  of  Florence,  and  32  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Wichita.  It  has  7  churches,  a  high  school,  3 
banks,  a  roller-mill,  a  creamery,  and  railroad  repair-shops. 
One  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 
Pop.  in  1880,  1411;  in  1890,  3339. 

El  Dorado,  or  MacAf  ee,n  village  of  Mercer  co.,Ky., 

6  miles  N.  of  llarrodsburg.  It  has  the  McAfee  Institute, 
a  church,  and  a  wagon-shop.     Here  is  McAfee  Post-Oftice. 

El  Dorado,  a  village  of  Clarke  co.,  Mo.    See  Luuay. 

El  Dorado,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Neb. 

El  Dorado,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.C., 

7  miles  (direct)  N.W.  of  Troy.  It  has  4  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  furniture,  leather,  harness,  Ac.  Gold  and 
other  valuable  metals  are  found  here.     Pop.  250. 

El  Dorado,  a  post-village  of  Preble  co.,  0.,  29  miles 
by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Dayton.  It  has  3  churches,  2  saw- 
mill?, a  flour-mill,  and  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  365. 

El  Dorado,  a  post-village  of  Blair  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  (Hollidaysburg  Branch),  3  miles  S. 
of  Altoona.     It  has  manufactories  of  axes  and  guns. 

El  Dorado,  a  post-office  of  Salt  Lake  co.,  Utah. 

El  Dorado,  a  post-township  of  Fond  dii  Lac  co..  Wis., 
on  the  Sheboygan  &  Fond  du  Lao  Railroad,  about  6  miles 
N.W.  of  Fond  du  Lac.  It  contains  a  hamlet  called  El  Do- 
rado Mills,  and  a  station  named  El  Dorado,  which  is  9  miles 
W.  of  Fond  du  Lac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1458. 

El  Dorado,  a  post-village  in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  32 
miles  N.  of  Belleville.     Gold  is  found  here.     Pop.  100. 

El  Dorado,  a  mining-town  of  Bogong  co.,  Victoria, 
Australia,  12  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Beechworth.     Pop.  1562. 

El  Dorado  Canyon,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Nev. 

El  Dorado  Landing,  a  shipping-point  of  Union  co.. 
Ark.,  on  the  Ouachita  River,  75  miles  E.S.B.  of  Hope 
Station.     It  has  several  stores. 

El  Dorado  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Cedar  co..  Mo., 
10  miles  (direct)  N.  by  W.  of  Stockton.     It  has  6  churches, 

2  banks,  a  graded  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  a  mill. 
Pop.  15-13. 

Eldo'ra  Junction,  a  post-village  of  Hardin  co.,  Iowa, 
37  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Toledo,  and  6  miles  by  rail  S.  by 
E.  of  Eldora. 

El'dred,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.T.,  in  High- 
land township,  5  miles  N.  of  Shohola  Station,  which  is  on 
the  Erie  Railroad. 

Eldred,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1681. 

Eldred,  a  township  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.  Pop.  656. 
It  contains  Warrensville. 

Eldred,  a  post-borough  of  McKean  co.,  Pa.,  at  the 
junction  of  three  railroads,  19  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Brad- 
ford, and  10  miles  (direct)  N.  by  E.  of  Smethport.     It  has 

3  churches,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
manufactures  of  leather,  lumber,  paint,  lubricating  and 
illuminating  oils,  and  dynamite.     Pop.  1050. 

Eldred,  a  township  of  Monroe  co..  Pa.     Pop.  907. 

Eldred,  a  township  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1147. 
It  contains  Helfenstein. 

Eldred,  a  township  of  Warren  CO.,  Pa.  Pop.  1720.  It 
contains  Grand  Valley. 

Eldred,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  CO.,  Pa.,  16  miles  N.E. 
of  Honesdiile.     It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  and  a  saw-mill. 

El'dredsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co..  Pa.,  14 
miles  (direct)  N.W.  of  Laporte.  It  has  2  saw-mills  and 
manufactures  of  lumber. 

Eldridge,  51'drij,  a  post-office  of  Walker  co.,  Ala.,  53 
miles  N.  of  Tuscaloosa. 

Eldridge,  a  post-village  of  Scott  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the 


Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of 
the  Maquoketa  Branch,  11  miles  N.  of  Davenport.  It  has 
a  church,  an  elevator,  several  general  stores,  and  some 
workshops  of  the  railroad.     Pop.  about  200. 

Eldridge,  a  post-borough  of  Laclede  co.,  Mo.,  11  miles 
(direct)  N.  by  W.  of  Lebanon.  It  has  3  churches,  a  public 
school,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  al«out  300. 

Eldridge's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Buckingham  co.,  Va. 

Ele,  a  city  of  Asia.    See  Kooldja. 

Elebovium,  an  ancient  name  of  Elbecf. 

Elechee,  or  Ilitsi,  Toorkistan.    See  Khotex. 

Electoral  Hesse,  Germany.     See  Hesse-Cassel, 

Elec'tric  Peak,  Wyoming,  is  a  peak  of  the  Rocky 
MounUiins,  in  lat.  44°  58'  N.  It  rises  10,992  feet  above 
sea-level,  the  summit  having  the  appearance  of  an  immense 
pile  of  broken-up  volcanic  rock.  ' 

Elcgia,  the  ancient  name  of  Ilijah. 

EIek,  4Mdk',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Arad,  15 
miles  N.W.  of  Simand.     Pop.  4583. 

Elemer,  iMi^malR',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  To- 
rontal,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Nagy-Becskerek.     Pop.  4300. 

Elena,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Lens. 

El'enor,  a  post-office  of  Clermont  co.,  0. 

EPephan'ta,  a  small  island  of  India,  in  the  harbor 
of  Bombay,  7  miles  S.W.  of  the  city.  It  is  6  miles  in  cir- 
cumference, and  has  some  remarkable  cave-temples,  one 
of  which  is  130  feet  long  and  123  feet  broad,  rests  on  26 
pillars,  and  contains  many  mythological  figures. 

El'ephant  Bay,  of  Southwestern  Africa,  Benguela,  if 
an  inlet  of  the  Atlantic,  in  lat.  13°  14'  S.,  Ion.  12°  33'  E. 
It  has  excellent  anchorage,  but  no  fresh  water. 

Elephantine,  fil-?-fin'teo'ni  (Arab.  Jezeeret-el-Shnf, 
jfi-zee'rflt-dl-sh&f,  "islet  of  flowers"),  nn  island  of  Upper 
Egypt,  in  the  Nile,  opposite  Asswan.  It  is  highly  fertile, 
and  is  covered  with  gardens,  dwellings,  and  mills,  inter- 
spersed among  canals  and  ruins.    It  has  quarries  of  syenite. 

El'ephant  Island,  Senegambia,  is  in  the  Gambia 
River,  100  miles  from  its  mouth.     It  is  very  populous. 

Elephant's  River.    See  Omfant's  River. 

EPeroy',  a  post-village  of  Stephenson  co..  III.,  in  Krin 
township,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  8  miles  W.N.W, 
of  Frceport.     It  has  a  church. 

Elesd,  4M5shd',  or  Elles,  6ri6sh',  a  town  of  Hungary, 
CO.  of  Bihar,  on  the  Koros,  50  miles  S.E.  of  Debreczin.  It 
has  a  trade  in  salt.     Pop.  850. 

Eletz,  a  city  of  Russia.    See  Yelets. 

Eleusis,  e-lu'sis,  an  ancient  city  of  (Jreoco,  the  romaing 
of  which  exist  near  Lepsina,  a  small  village  in  Attica,  on 
the  Bay  of  Lepsina  (Gulf  of  ^Egina),  12  miles  N.W.  of 
Athens.  The  plain  around  is  strewed  with  ruins,  and  the 
ancient  causeway  hence  to  Athens  forms  the  modern  road. 

Eleu'thera  Island,  one  of  the  Bahama  Islands,  50 
miles  N.E.  of  New  Providence,  and  separated  from  Abaco 
by  the  Providence  Channel.  Length,  80  miles ;  breadth, 
10  miles.     It  produces  many  pine-apples.     Pop.  6209. 

Eleutherop'olis,  or  Betogab'ra,  an  ancient  city 
of  Palestine,  identified  with  Beit-Jibrcen  (jibrin),  a  village 
28  miles  E.N.E.  of  Gaza,  with  extensive  ruins,  comprising 
a  large  Roman  fortress  and  massive  vaults.  Near  it  are 
remarkable  artificial  caverns. 

Eleva'tion,  a  post-township  of  Johnston  co.,  N.C,  26 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Raleigh.     Pop.  1469. 

Elev'en  Mile,  a  post-office  of  Potter  co.,  Pa.,  11  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Wellsville,  N.Y. 

Eleven  Points  River  rises  in  the  S.  part  of  Missouri, 
runs  eastward  and  southward  through  Oregon  co.,  and  passes 
into  Randolph  co.,  Ark.  It  finally  flows  nearly  southward, 
and  enters  Spring  River  about  1  mile  from  its  mouth. 

El  Farafreh,  SI  fi-rS,'fr?h,  a  small  oasis  in  the  Libyan 
Desert,  80  miles  S.W.  of  El  Dakhel.  It  produces  fine 
olives. 

El  Fasher,  51  f&sh'^r,  a  town  of  Africa,  capital  of  Dar- 
foor,  about  225  miles  W.  of  El  Obeid. 

Elfdal,  Slf'diir,  Elfdalen,  Slfdi'l^n,  or  Elfvcdal, 
filfv^-dir,  a  village  of  Sweden,  72  miles  N.W.  of  Falun, 
Pop.  4047. 

Elfeld,  Jl'fait,  or  Eltvillc,  Slt'vill,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
in  IIesse-Nass.au,  on  the  Rhine,  5  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of 
Wiesbaden.     Pop.  28S3. 

El  Frat,  the  Turkish  name  of  the  Euphrates. 

Elfri'da,  a  post-village  in  Wentworth  co.,  Ontario,  4 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Stony  Creek.     Pop.  150. 

Elfsborg,  Slfs'bong,  or  Wenersborg,  *^6n'?rs-bong\ 
a  Isen  or  county  of  Southwestern  Sweden,  bounded  E.  by 
Lake  Wener.  Area,  4948  square  miles.  Capital,  Weners- 
borg.    Pop.  in  1876,  288,963. 

£1  Fuerte,  a  town  of  Chili,    gee  Calbvco. 


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ElfVedal,  »  rillRge  of  Sweden.    See  Elpdau 

El'gar,  Ml  Uluid  of  the  Orkney  group,  in  Scotland,  S. 
of  Sbapinshay. 

ElfflTf  'Ik,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  18  milee 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Zurich.     Pop.  7248. 

£1  Gheexeh,  or  £1  Ghizeh.    See  Ohp.ezeh. 

El  Cihor,  a  vullcy  of  Arnbia.     See  Akadah. 

Elgillf  il'Khin,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  capital  of  the  co. 
of  Moray  or  El);in,  on  the  Lossie,  at  a  railway  junction,  IIS 
miles  N.  of  Bdinburgh,  and  6  miles  S.W.  of  Lossiemouth, 
Its  seaport.  The  town  is  situated  in  a  ralley,  and  extends 
about  a  mile  along  the  right  bank  of  the  Lossie,  with  the 
village  of  Dishop  Mill  on  the  loft.  It  contains  an  Knglish 
ehapol,  a  Free  church  and  xoveritl  other  churches,  a  literary 
and  soientiflc  institution  with  museum,  a  court-house  and 
prison,  Qniy's  Hospital  or  Infirmary  (to  which  are  attached 
B  lunatic  asylum  and  an  orphan  institution),  assembly- 
rooms,  and  a  public  fountain.  There  arc  also  an  oxoollent 
academy,  trades  schools  and  infant  schools,  some  ancient 
almshouses  and  other  charities  for  the  poor.  The  ruins  of 
the  cathedral  arc  by  far  the  most  extensive  of  any  ancient 
Scottish  remains.  The  cathedral,  founded  in  1224,  was 
burned  in  1390  by  the  Wolf  of  Badenoch,  and  afterwards 
rebuilt.  It  is  in  the  form  of  a  cross,  2S9  feet  in  length  and 
120  feet  in  breadth;  height  of  the  two  western  towers,  be- 
tween whiiih  is  the  grand  entrance,  83  feet.  The  cha]»ter- 
house  is  entire,  and  highly  ornamented.  Several  of  the 
old  mansions  still  remain,  and  there  are  remains  of  a  mon- 
astery of  Grey  Friars,  and  a  conical  eminence  called  Lady 
Hill,  the  ruins  of  an  ancient  castle  of  the  Earls  of  Moray. 
Pop.  6241. 

£l'giu  (Scotch  pron.  il'ghin),  a  post-village  of  Jackson 
00.,  Ark.,  on  Big  Black  Kiver,  about  22  miles  £.  of  Bates- 
ville. 

Elgin,  Sl'jin,  a  city  of  Kane  oo..  III.,  on  Fox  River,  at 
the  junction  of  two  railroads,  36  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chicago. 
It  contains  15  churches,  3  national  banks,  1  other  bank,  an 
academy,  a  high  school,  public  schools,  and  a  manufactory 
of  watches  (the  Elgin  National  Watch  Company),  which 
employs  3200  hands  and  produces  watches  valued  at  about 
$4,000,000  annually.  It  has  also  manufactures  of  carriages, 
shors,  watch-cases,  condensed  milk,  and  other  articles.  El- 
gin has  an  extensive  trade  in  butter  and  cheese,  its  sales  in 
these  articles  amounting  to  about  $2,500,000  a  year.  Nine 
newspapers  are  published  here.  The  river  is  here  spanned 
by  several  bridges,  and  affords  extensive  water-power. 
Pop.  in  1880,  8787;  in  1890,  17,823, 

Elgin,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Tur- 
key Kiver,  and  on  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Uapids  &  North- 
ern Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of  West  Union,  and  about  66 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Dubuque.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a 
Iiew8pa])er  office,  a  fruit-canning  factory,  a  creamery,  and 
a  brewery.     Pop.  369. 

Elgin,  a  post-village  in  Sedan  township,  Chautauqua 
CO.,  Kansas,  on  Big  Caney  Creek,  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Sedan. 

Elgin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Bass 
River,  18  miles  E.S.E.  of  Grand  Haven. 

Elgin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wabasha  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Minnciska  River,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Eyota,  and  13  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Rochester.     It  has  a  graded  school. 

Elgin,  a  post-village  of  Antelope  co..  Neb.,  10  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Oakdale,  and  12  miles  (direct)  S.  by  AV.  of 
Neligh.  It  has  2  churches,  2  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
cheese-factory,  and  a  canning-factory.     Pop.  600. 

Elgin,  a  post-office  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y. 

Elgin,  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  Oregon,  21  miles  by 
rail  N.N.E.  of  La  Grande.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded 
school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  227. 

Elgin,  a  post-borough  of  Erie  co.,  Pa.,  22  miles  by  rail 
S.E.  of  Erie.  It  has  2  churches,  a  cup-valve  factory,  a 
flour-mill,  <tc.     Pop.  169. 

Elgin,  a  post-village  of  Bastrop  co.,  Tex.,  27  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Austin.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper 
offices,  an  academy,  and  a  brick-manufactory. 

Elgin,  dl'ghin,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Ontario,  on 
the  N.  shore  of  Lake  Erie.  Area,  725  square  miles.  Otter 
Creek  traverses  the  E.  part,  and  the  Thames  forms  a  part 
of  the  boundary.     Capital,  St.  Thomas  West.     Pop.  33,666. 

Elgin,  a  village  of  Quebec.     See  Kelso. 

Elgin  Corners,  a  post-village  in  Albert  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  12  miles  from  Petitcodiac.     Pop.  260. 

El'ginfield,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  10 
miles  N.  of  London.     Pop.  100. 

Elginshire,  a  county  of  Scotland.    See  Morat. 

Elgiobar,  ll-ae-o-Ban',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Guipuz- 
coa.  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Sebastian.     Pop.  1128. 

El'Golea,  &\  go-14'&,  a  town  of  Algeria,  in  the  Sahara. 


Lat.  30°  .15'  N. ;  Ion.  3°  10'  B.  It  is  a  very  important 
caravan-station.     Pop.  650. 

Elgorab,  Al-go-r&b',  a  small  island  in  the  Red  Sea, 
near  the  coast  of  Arabia,  in  lat.  16°  8'  N. 

El  Gran  Cliaco,  dl  gr&n  ch&'ko,  a  wide  region  of 
South  America,  in  the  centre  of  the  continent,  in  the  ter- 
ritories of  Bolivia  and  the  Argentine  Republic,  between 
lat.  18°  and  28°  S.  nnd  Ion.  58°  and  63°  W.,  Ijoundcnl  E.  by 
the  river  Paraguay,  and  traversed  by  its  tributaries  the  Pil- 
comayo,  Bermejo,  Ac.  Surface  generally  level,  the  N.  part 
covered  with  grass,  the  S.  portion  an  arid  and  desert  plain  ; 
the  portions  near  the  rivers  Parand  and  Paraguay  arc  well 
wooded,  containing  many  very  valuable  forest  trees,  and 
are  inhabited  by  roving  Indians,  including  the  GuaranC-s, 
Tobay&s,  and  Payagudses. 

El-Guecer,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Teuaoin. 

Elgueta,  6l-g&'t&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Guipuzcoa,  30 
miles  S.W.  of  St.  Sebastian.     Pop.  853. 

El'ham,  a  town  of  England,  in  Kent,  6i  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Folkestone.     Pop.  of  parish,  1258. 

El  Hammah  uc  Cabes,  i\  h&m'mA,  d&  kK'his  (anc. 
Aqiire  Tucapitanw),  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Tunis,  18  miles  W. 
of  Cabcs,  and  fiunous  for  baths,  whence  its  name. 

£1  Ilayz,  h\  h&z  or  dl  biz,  a  small  oasis  of  the  Libyan 
Desert,  in  lat.  28°  8'  N.,  Ion.  28°  53'  E. 

El  Ilcjaz  or  Hedjaz,  61  h4j-lz',  also  written  Ilcds- 
jaz  ("  the  land  of  pilgrimage"),  a  region  of  Arabia,  extend- 
ing along  the  Rod  Sea,  by  some  considered  identical  with 
Arabia  Petraja.  It  is  almost  everywhere  a  windy,  stony,  or 
otherwise  unproductive  country,  but  comprises  the  sacred 
cities  of  Mecca  and  Medina,  with  the  seaports  of  Jiddah 
and  Yembo.    It  now  forms  part  of  the  Turkish  dominions. 

El  Ilel'leh,  a  village  of  Upper  Egypt,  on  the  Nile, 
opposite  Esneh. 

Elhenitz,  6rhd.-nit8,  or  Lhenicse,  li-nit'sd,  a  town 
of  Bohemia,  23  miles  S.  of  Pisek.     Pop.  1310. 

El'hi,  a  post-office  of  Pierce  co.,  Washington,  on  the 
Puyallup  River,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Tacoma. 

£1  Hofhoof,  in  Arabia.     See  IIofhoof. 

EPiangoo'dy,  a  village  of  India,  presidency  of  Mad- 
ras, 25  miles  N.W.  of  Ramnad. 

Elias,  Mount  St.    See  Mount  St.  Elias. 

Eli'da,  a  post-village  of  Winnebago  co..  111.,  in  Winne- 
bago township,  about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Rockford.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  468. 

Elida,  a  post-village  of  Allen  co.,  0.,  in  German  town- 
ship, on  an  affluent  of  the  Auglaize  River,  and  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &,  Chicago  Railroad,  6  miles  N.W. 
of  Lima,  and  53  miles  E.S.E.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  633. 

Elic,  or  Ely,  ee'lee,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife, 
on  the  Bay  of  Elic,  in  the  Firth  of  Forth,  2i  miles  S.S.E, 
of  Colinsburgh,     Pop.  626. 

Eliendorf,  a  town  of  Transylvania.    See  Illyefalva. 

E'limsport,  a  post-village  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.,  about 
10  miles  S.  of  Williamsport,  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery, 
a  lumber-mill,  Ac. 

E'limville,  a  post-village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  22 
miles  W.N.W.  of  St.  Marys.     Pop.  100. 

Eliocroca,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Lorca, 

E'lis,  an  eparchy  of  Greece,  anciently  a  kingdom,  but 
now  a  part  of  the  nome  of  Achaia  and  Elis,  in  the  N.W. 
part  of  the  Morea.    The  chief  town  is  Pyrgo.    Pop.  51,066. 

Elis,  the  name  of  a  small  river  in  the  district  of  Elis, 
an  affluent  of  the  Iliaco  Pcneus. 

Elis,  an  ancient  name  of  Pal^opolis. 

Elisabetgrad,  a  town  of  Russia.  See  Yelisabetgrad. 

Elisabcthstadt,  Transylvania.    See  Ebesfalva. 

Elisana,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Lucena. 

Elisavctgrad,  a  town  of  Russia.   See  Yelisavetgrad. 

Elisavetpol,  Russia.    See  Yei.isavetpol. 

El'ivon,  a  post-hamlet  of  McPhcrson  co.,  Kansas,  14 
miles  N.  of  Newton. 

Eli'za,  a  post-township  of  Mercer  co..  111.,  about  8 
miles  S.  of  Muscatine,  Iowa,  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the 
Mississippi  River.     Pop.  767. 

Eliz'abeth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coffee  co..  Ala.,  2\  miles 
from  the  Conecuh  River,  and  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Troy.  If 
has  2  churches. 

Elizabeth,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Elbert  co.. 
Col.,  40  miles  by  rail  S.  by.  E.  of  Denver.  It  has  several 
church  organizations,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school, 
a  manufactory  of  gold-saving  machines,  Ac.     Pop.  400. 

Elizabeth,  a  post-village  of  Jo  Daviess  co..  III.,  on 
Apple  River,  14  or  16  miles  S.E.  of  Galena,  and  29  miles  by 
rail  E.S.E.  of  Dubuque.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  2  news- 
paper offices,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  voollen-mill.    Pop.  495. 


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ELI 


Elizabeth,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.,  15 
miles  S.S.W.  of  New  Albany,  and  3  miles  W.  of  the  Ohio 
River.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  stave-factory.     Pop.  267. 

Elizabeth)  a  station  of  Marshall  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Central  Branch  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  84  miles  W. 
of  Atchison. 

Elizabeth,  a  post-village  of  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn.,  8 
miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Fergus  Falls.  It  has  a  mill  and 
an  elevator. 

Elizabeth,  a  city  and  the  capital  of  Union  co.,  N.J., 
2  miles  AV.  of  Newark  Bay,  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Newark,  and 
14  miles  W.S.W.  of  the  city  of  New  York.  It  is  connected 
•with  these  and  other  cities  by  the  Central  Railroad  of  New 
.Jersey  and  two  of  its  branches  which  terminate  here,  and 
by  the  New  York  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad. 
It  has  wide  straight  streets,  which  cross  one  another  at  right 
angles  and  are  lighted  with  gas.  It  contains  a  court-house, 
a  city  hall,  31  churches,  an  opera-house,  2  national  banks, 
2  state  banks,  2  high  schools,  a  savings-bank,  an  orphan 
asylum,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  3  daily,  1  semi- 
weekly,  and  2  weekly  newspapers.  Among  its  churches 
are  3  or  4  Baptist,  5  Catholic,  1  Congregational,  4  Episco- 

?al,  1  German  Lutheran,  5  Methodist,  1  Moravian,  and  7 
'resbyterian.  Several  of  the  churches  are  large  and  ele- 
gant buildings.  Elizabeth  has  also  4  academies  and  insti- 
tutes, a  business  college,  2  public  halls,  and  5  masonic 
lodges.  Many  persons  whose  business  is  in  New  York 
reside  in  this  city.  Here  is  a  large  manufactory  of  the 
Singer  sewing-machines,  which  employs  about  4000  work- 
men.   The  city  has  also  2  or  3  manufactories  of  oil-cloth, 

2  potteries,  and  other  manufactories,  among  the  products 
of  which  are  hats,  saws,  mill-m.achinery,  stoves,  harness, 
hardware,  cordage,  edge-tools,  and  combs.  Elizabeth  is 
divided  into  12  wards,  and  was  formerly  the  capital  of 
the  state.  That  part  of  the  city  which  is  j)opuIarly  called 
Elizabetbport  is  on  Staten  Island  Sound,  2  miles  S.B.  of 
the  centre  of  Elizabeth,  7  miles  S.  of  Newark,  and  12  miles 
S.W.  of  New  York.  It  is  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  New 
Jersey,  at  the  junction  of  the  Long  Branch  division.  Its 
prosperity  is  derived  chiefly  from  manufactures  and  com- 
merce. It  contains  5  or  more  churches,  several  iron-foun- 
dries, Ac,  and  is  a  leading  place  in  the  shipment  of  an- 
thracite coal.  It  is  accessible  for  boats  at  high  water  with 
a  draught  of  22  feet  at  least.  Pop.  of  Elizabeth  in  1860, 
11,567;  in  1870,  20,832;  in  1880,  28,229;  in  1890,37,764. 

Elizabeth,  North  Carolina.     See  Elizabeth  City. 

Elizabeth,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.,  traversed 
by  the  Iron  Railroad.  It  contains  mines  of  coal  and  iron, 
and  several  iron-manufacturing  villages.     Pop.  3369. 

Elizabeth,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  0.     Pop.  1178. 

Elizabeth,  a  village  of  Morgan  co.,  0.,  in  Centre 
township,  about  21  miles  N.W.  of  Marietta.  Petroleum  is 
found  near  this  place.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1105. 

Elizabeth,  a  post-borough  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  ad- 
jacent to  Elizabeth  township,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Monon- 
gahela  River,  21  miles  by  rail  (25  by  water)  S.  of  Pittsburg. 
It  contains  8  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  2  planiiig-mills, 

3  saw-mills,  a  vault-  and  safe-factory,  and  several  boat- 
yards. Steamboats  ascend  the  river  to  this  place.  Coal  is 
mined  here  extensively.     Pop.  in  1890,  1804. 

Elizabeth,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.  Pop.  5149. 

Elizabeth,  a  township  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.    Pop.  1012. 

Elizabeth,  a  post-village  of  Hand  co.,  S.D.,  about  13 
miles  (direct)  N.W.  of  Miller. 

Elizabeth,  a  post-village  of  Denton  co.,  Tex.,  20  miles 
N.  of  Fort  Worth.     It  has  a  church. 

Elizabeth,  the  capital  of  Wirt  co.,  AV.  Va.,  is  on  the 
Little  Kanawha  River,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Parkersburg. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  4  saw- 
mills, and  a  grist-mill.  Steamboats  ply  between  this  place 
and  Parkersburg.     Pop.  715. 

Elizabeth  City,  a  small  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of 
Virginia,  is  situated  at  the  mouth  of  James  River.  Area, 
60  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Chesapeake 
Bay,  on  the  S.  by  Hampton  Roads,  and  on  the  N.  by  Back 
River.  Indian  corn  and  wheat  are  the  staple  products  of 
the  soil.  Fortress  Monroe  stands  on  the  coast  of  this 
county.  The  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad  intersects  the 
county.  Capital,  Hampton.  Pop.  in  1870,  8303  j  in  1880, 
10,689;  in  1890,  16,168. 

Elizabeth  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pasquotank 
CO.,  N.C.,  is  on  the  right  or  S.W.  bank  of  the  Pasquotank 
River,  40  miles  S.  of  Norfolk,  A'a.,  with  which  it  is  con- 
nected by  railroad  and  by  steamboats  running  through  the 
Dismal  Swamp  Canal.  It  has  2  banks,  7  churches,  an 
academy,  3  newspaper  offices,  2  hotels,  4  lumber-mills,  a 
coach-factory,  2  brick-yards,  a  ship-yard,  and  10  oyster- 


canning  factories.  A  spring  and  fall  term  of  the  Federal 
Court  is  held  here.     Pop.  in  1880,  2315;  in  1890,  3251, 

Elizabeth  Furnace,  a  station  in  Blair  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Altoona. 

Elizabeth  Furnace.    See  Ferrol. 

Elizabeth  Island,  or  Hen'derson's  Island,  in 
the  Pacific,  lat.  24°  21'  S.,  Ion.  128°  18'  AV.,  is  of  a  peculiar 
coral  formation.     It  is  5  miles  in  length. 

Elizabeth  Island,  an  island  in  the  Strait  of  Magel- 
lan.    Lat.  of  the  N.E.  point,  52°  50'  S.,  Ion.  90°  30'  AV. 

Elizabeth  Island,  one  of  the  Admiralty  Islands,  in 
the  Pacific  Ocean.     Lat.  2°  55'  S. ;  Ion.  146°  49'  E. 

Elizabeth  Island,  one  of  the  Marshall  Island.s,  in 
the  Pacific.     Lat.  6°  N. ;  Ion.  169°  36'  E. 

Elizabeth  Island,  one  of  the  Society  group.  Lat. 
of  the  E.  point,  15°  58'  S. ;  Ion.  145°  48'  W. 

Elizabeth  Islands,  off  the  coast  of  Massachusetts, 
are  situated  between  Buzzard's  Bay  and  Vineyard  Sound. 
They  are  very  small,  are  16  in  number,  and  only  2  or  3 
of  them  are  inhabited.  They  constitute  the  township  of 
Gosnold,  in  Dukes  co. 

Elizabeth  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Los  Angeles  co., 
Cal.,  30  miles  from  Newhall. 

Elizabethpol,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Yeltsavetpol, 

Elizabethport,  Cape  Colony.    See  Port  Elizabeth. 

Elizabetbport,  New  Jersey.     See  Elizabeth. 

Elizabeth  River,  a  stream  or  navigable  inlet  of  Vir- 
ginia, emptying  into  Hampton  Roads.  The  towns  of  Nor- 
folk and  Portsmouth  are  on  its  banks. 

Eliz'abetliton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Carter  co., 
Tenn.,  10  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Johnson  City.  It  has  5 
churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  an  academy,  and 
woollen-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  734. 

Eliz'abethtoAVn,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hardin  co., 
111.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  44  miles  above  Paducah,  and 
125  miles  S.E.  of  Belleville.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  2 
churches,  2  flouring-mills,  and  10  dry-goods  stores.  Pop. 
in  1890,  652. 

ElizabethtOAvn,  a  post-village  of  Bartholomew  co., 
Ind.,  13  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Seymour.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  a  drain-tile  factory,  a 
broom -factory,  <kc.     Pop.  430. 

Elizabeihtown,  a  hamlet  of  Anderson  co.,  Kansas, 
about  66  miles  S.  of  Lawrence. 

Elizabethtown,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hardin  co., 
Ky.,  is  on  the  Louisville  &  Great  Southern  Railroad,  42 
miles  S.  of  Louisville,  and  72  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bowling 
Green.  It  is  connected  with  Paducah  by  the  Paducah  & 
Elizabethtown  Railroad.  It  contains  a  fine  court-house,  2 
banks,  8  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  flour-mill.  A  weekly 
newspaper  is  published  hero.     Pop.  in  1890,  2260. 

Elizabethtown,  a  post- ham  let  of  Otter  Tail  co.,Minn., 
in  Elizabeth  township,  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Breckenridge.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Elizabethtown,  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  co..  Mo.,  6  miles 
S.  of  Monroe  City.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 

Elizabethtown,  a  post-village  of  Colfax  co..  New 
Mexico,  about  70  miles  S.AV.  of  El  Moro,  Col.  It  has  a 
church,  a  saw-mill,  and  general  stores  and  business  houses. 
Gold  is  found  here.     Pop.  about  100. 

Elizabethtown,  a  post-village  .and  summer  resort, 
capital  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  is  on  the  Boquet  River,  in  Eliz- 
abetlvtown  township,  about  36  miles  S.  by  AV.  from  Platts- 
burg,  and  9  miles  AV.  of  Lake  Chaiiiplain.  It  is  surrounded 
by  grand  mountain-scenery,  and  is  about  10  miles  N.E.  of 
Dix's  Peak,  one  of  the  Adriondacks.  It  has  a  free  school 
and  academy,  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  3  large  hotels, 
and  1  or  2  lumber-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  573. 

Elizabethtown,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Bladen  co., 
N.C.,  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  on  the  right  or  AV, 
bank  of  the  Cape  Fear  River,  about  42  miles  N.AV.  of  AVil- 
mington.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  about  400. 

Elizabethtown,  a  hamlet  of  Guernsey  co.,  0.,  about 
48  miles  N.  of  Marietta.     Pop.  44. 

Elizabethtown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  0., 
on  the  Miami  River  and  AVhitewater  Canal,  and  on  the 
Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  &  Lafayette  Railroad,  19i  miles 
AV.  of  Cincinnati.     It  has  2  churches. 

ElizabethtOAvn,  a  village  of  Licking  co.,  0,  See 
Perrytox. 

Elizabethtown,  a  post-borough  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  18  miles  E.S.E.  of  Harris- 
burg,  and  18  miles  AV.N.AV.  of  Lancaster.  It  contains  7 
churches,  2  banks,  a  public  school,  and  manufactures  of 
agricultural  machinery,  fifth-wheels,  steel  axles,  furniture, 
itc.     Pop.  in  1880,  980;  in  1890,  1218. 

Elizabethtown,  AVest  Virginia.    See  Moundsvillb, 


ELI 


1112 


ELK 


Klix'abethville,  a  post-offleo  of  Pendleton  oo.,  Kj, 
Elisabethville,  a   post-hamlet  of  Dauphin  oo.,  Pa., 
hi  Washington  townnhip,  on  the  Summit  lininoh  KBilroud, 
about  24  miles  N.  o(  Uarrisburg.     It  has  2  oburcheg  and  a 
gri»t-raill. 

ElixabethvillOjanost-viltAgein  Durham  oo., Ontario, 
lA  mile*  N.W.  or  Port  llo])«.  It  contains  a  saw-mill  and  2 
«heeso-factoricii.  Pop.  150. 
ElizAvetopol,  or  Elizavetpol.  S«o  Yeusatetpol. 
KJi'saTille^  a  post-hamlet  of  lioone  oo.,  Ind.,  in  Clin- 
ton township,  about  SO  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Indianapolis.  It 
bus  2  churches. 

Eliznvillef  a  post-villa^e  of  Fleming  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Maysvillo  A  Lexington  Railroad,  18  miles  S.  by  W.  from 
Maysrille.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  several  stores, 
and  2  wngon-shops.     Pop.  180. 

Klizaville,  or  Union  ComcrSf  a  post-hamlet  of 
Columbia  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  Jansen's  Croek,  about  16  miles  S.  of 
Hudson.     It  bos  a  church. 
El'izay%  a  township  of  Maoon  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  525. 
Elizondo,  A.-le-tiiou'do,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  ^lavarro, 
20  miles  N.  of  Pamplona.     Pop.  1100. 

£|jni$>  il'u&s,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  5S  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Cftceres,  near  the  borders  of  Leon.     Pop.  1580. 

El'Jemm,  or  Eldjein,dl-jdm'  (anc.  Tiju'dnw),  a  vil- 
lage of  IJarbary,  105  miles  S.S.K.  of  Tunis,  with  remains  of 
a  nubic  amphitheatre,  inferior  in  size  only  to  those  of  Rome 
and  Verona. 

Elk,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an  area  of 
650  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by  Ellt  River.  The  sur- 
face is  unJuhiting  or  nearly  level,  a  largo  proportion  of  it 
being  prairie.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and 
grass  arc  the  8ta])le  products.  Bine  and  white  limestone 
are  found  hero,  especially  near  Howard,  the  capital  of  the 
county.  Sandstone,  marble,  and  coal  are  also  met  with. 
It  is  traversed  by  divisions  of  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa 
f  6  system,  and  by  the  St.  Louis  A  San  Francisco  Rail- 
road. Pop.  in  1875,6215;  in  1878,8218;  in  1880,  10,623; 
in  1890,  12,216. 

Elk,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  Pennsylvania. 
Area,  760  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Clarion  River 
and  by  liennett's  Branch  of  the  Sinnemahoning  Creek. 
The  surface  is  diversified  with  high  hills  or  mountains 
(one  of  which  is  called  Elk  Mountain),  and  is  mostly  cov- 
ered with  extensive  forests  of  pine,  oak,  chestnut,  and  other 
trees.  The  soil  produces  oats,  hay,  potatoes,  Ac.  Beds  of 
bituminous  coal  have  been  opened  in  this  county.  Lumber 
is  the  chief  article  of  export.  Elk  co.  is  traversed  by  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  the  BuflFalo,  Rochester  &,  Pittsburg 
Railroad,  and  other  railroads.  Capital,  Ridgway.  Pop. 
in  1870,  8488;  in  1880,  12,800;  in  1890,  22,239. 

Elk,  a  post-village  of  Mendocino  co.,  Cal.,  23  miles  (di- 
rect) W.  of  Ukiah.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of 
ties,  tan-bark,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  216. 

Elk,  a  post-village  of  Chase  co.,  Kansas,  14  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  Collinwood  Falls. 

Elk,  a  township  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  18.33. 
Elk,  a  station  in  Jackson  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Kansas 
Central  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Holton. 

Elk,  a  post-borough  of  Qenesce  co.,  Mich.,  15  miles 
(direct)  N.W.  of  Flint.     It  has  a  church. 
Elk,  a  township  of  Nobles  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  189. 
Elk,  a  township  of  McDonald  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  941, 
Elk,  a  township  of  Stoddard  co..  Mo.     Pop.  621. 
Elk,  a  township  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  675. 
Elk,  a  post-township  of  Noble  co.,  0.,  about  20  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  Marietta.     It  has  6  churches.     Pop.  1655. 

Elk,  a  township  of  Vinton  co.,  0.  Pop.  2063.  It  con- 
tains McArthur,  the  county  scat. 

Elk,  a  township  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Maryland 
line.     Pop.  839.     It  contains  Hickory  Hill  and  Lewisville. 
Elk,  a  township  of  Clarion  co.,  Pa.,  contains  Shippens- 
Tille.  Elk  City,  Ac,  and  affords  petroleum.     Pop.  1055, 

Elk,  a  township  of  Tioga  co..  Pa.  Pop.  172.  It  is  a 
vast  forest  of  hemlock. 

Elk,  a  township  of  Warren  co..  Pa.,  on  the  New  York 
line.     Pop.  469. 

El  Kab,  51  klb  fane.  Eilythtjast),  a  town  of  Egypt,  oti 
the  E.  bank  of  the  Nile,  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  Thebes. 

El  Kadcr,  51  kah'd^r,  an  incorporated  post- village  and 
railroad  terminus,  capital  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  in  Board- 
man  township,  on  the  Turkey  River,  about  50  miles  W.N.W, 
of  Dubuque,  and  22  miles  E.  of  Fayette.  It  has  a  court- 
house, a  graded  school,  2  churches,  a  national  bank,  and 
manufactures  of  flour  and  butter.  Three  weekly  news- 
papers (one  German)  are  published  here.  Pop.  745. 
£1  Kads,  tb«  Arabic  name  of  Jkbcsaleu. 


El  Kahireh,  a  city  of  Egypt.    See  Cairo. 

El  Knsimceyeli,  a  river  of  Palestine.     See  Litawt. 

El  Knxr,  or  El  Kanar,  51  kls'r  (i.e.,  "the  castlo"), 
a  large  village  of  Egypt,  capital  of  the  oasis  El-Dakhel.  Lat. 
25°  41'  N.;  Ion.  29°  E.  It  is  the  residence  of  a  iheikh,  h 
surrounded  by  palm  and  acacia  plantations,  and  has  sulphar 
springs  and  remains  of  an  Egyptian  tciii))Io. 

El  Katif,  El  Katyf,  or  El  Kntifl,  51  ki-teeP,  a  fortl- 
fiod  town  of  Arabia,  on  the  Persian  Uulf.  Lat.  26°  25'  N.j 
Ion.  50°  E.    It  has  a  trade  in  pearls  from  the  adjacent  fishery. 

Elk  C'it'y,  a,  post-village  of  Idaho  co.,  Idaho,  25  miles 
(direct)  S.E.  of  Mt.  Idaho. 

Elk  Cily,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  Kansas,  on  Elk  River,  about  12  miles  by  rail  AV.N.W. 
of  Independence.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  796. 

Elk  City,  a  post-village  of  Clarion  co.,  Pa.,  in  Elk 
township,  on  the  Emlonton  A  Shippenville  Railroad,  2 
miles  from  Edcnburg,  and  13  miles  N.W.  of  Clarion.  It 
has  2  churches  and  several  oil-wells. 

Elk  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barbour  oo.,  W,  Va.,  about 
18  miles  S.E.  of  Clarksburg. 

Elk  Creek,  of  Washington  co.,  Ind.,  flows  into  the  Mug. 
catatuck  River. 

Elk  Creek,  Oregon,  runs  westward  in  Douglas  co..and 
enters  tlic  Umpqua  River  about  40  miles  from  its  month. 

Elk  Creek,  Tennessee,  runs  southwestward  in  Shelby 
CO.,  and  enters  Wolf  River  about  2  miles  N.  of  Memphis. 

Elk  Creek,  a  post-village  and  trading-po^t  of  Colusa 
CO.,  Cal.,  about  41  miles  (direct)  N.W.  of  Colusa.  It  has  a 
church. 

Elk  Creek,  a  station  on  the  Colorado  Central  Railroad, 
9  miles  W.  of  Golden,  Col. 

Elk  Creek,  a  township  of  Jasper  CO.,  Iowa.    Pop.  1127. 

Elk  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Spencer  co.,  Ky.,  12  miles 
S.  of  Sholbyville.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Elk  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Texas  co.,  Mo.,  9  miles 
(direct)  S.  of  Houston. 

Elk  Crerk,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co..  Neb.,  on 
Nemaha  River,  6  miles  hy  rail  S.S.E.  of  Tecumseh.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  216. 

Elk  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  3  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Schenevus  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Elk  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.C,  6 
miles  N.W.  of  Sparta. 

Elk  Creek,  a  township  of  Wntaugaco.,  N.C.    Pop.  424. 

Elk  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co..  Pa.,  in  Elk 
Creek  township,  2  miles  from  Albion,  and  about  22  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Erie.     It  has  a  church.    Pop.  of  township,  1325. 

Elk  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Grayson  co.,  Va.,  about 
24  miles  S.  of  Wytheville.     It  contains  an  academy. 

Elk  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Trempealeau  co..  Wis.,  on 
Elk  Creek,  about  44  miles  N.  of  La  Crosse. 

Elk  Cross  Roads, apost-hamlet  of  Watauga  CO.,  N.C, 
8  miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Boone.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
grist-mill. 

Elk  Dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Atchison  oo.,  Mo.,  on  or 
near  Tarkio  River,  7  milQS  N.E.  of  Craig.    It  has  a  church. 

Elk'dale,  a  post- hamlet  of  Susquehanna  co..  Pa.,  2i 
miles  from  Union  Dale  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Elk  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Fllk  co.,  Kansas,  on  Elk 
River,  surrounded  with  fertile  prairies,  about  32  miles  by 
rail  W.N.W.  of  Independence,  and  8  miles  (direct)  S.  by  E. 
of  Howard.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  common 
school.     Pop.  in  1890,  350. 

Elk  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  Ky.,  12  miles 
(direct)  E.  by  N.  of  West  Liberty. 

Elk  Gar'deii,  a  post-hamlet  of  Russell  co.,  Va.,  18 
miles  N.W.  of  Saltville. 

Elk  Garden,  a  post-village  of  Mineral  co.,  W.  Va., 
about  5  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Harrison,  which  is  25  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Keyser.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper 
offioe.  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  723. 

Elk  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Sacramento  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of  Sacramento. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  and  manufactures  of  wine 
and  raisins.  ■ 

Elk  Grove,  a  township  of  Cook  co..  111.,  9  miles  N.W, 
of  Chicago.     Pop.  1120. 

Elk  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caldwell  co..  Mo.,  14  miles 
from  Breckonridge.    It  has  a  church. 

Elk  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Lafayette  co..  Wis.,  in 
Elk  Grove  township,  about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Dubuque, 
Iowa.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  933. 

El  Khalecl,  a  town  of  Palestine.     See  Hebpon. 

El  Khargeh,  51  kan'gh^h,  or  The  Great  Oa'sis,a 
fruitful  valley  in  the  Libyan  Desert,  the  southernmost  and 


ELK 


1113 


ELK 


largest  of  the  Egyptian  oases,  110  miles  S.W.  of  Akhmym. 
Its  length  is  variously  estimated  at  from  80  to  200  miles,  and 
its  maximum  breadth  is  10  miles.  It  is  fenced  by  a  steep 
wall  of  limestone,  and  is  populous,  but  unhealthy.  It  has  a 
town  of  the  same  name,  and  abounds  in  ancient  ruins, 

JElk'hart,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Indiana,  border- 
ing on  Michigan,  has  an  area  of  about  470  square  miles.  It 
18  intersected  by  the  St.  Joseph's  River,  and  is  also  drained 
by  the  Elkhart  River,  which  enters  the  former  stream  in 
the  N.W.  part  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests,  in 
which  the  sugar-maple  and  oak  abound.  The  soil  is  very 
fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  oats,  pork,  and  butter 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Lake  Shore  <fc  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  the  Cleveland, 
Cincinnati,  Chicago  <t  St.  Louis  Railroad,  and  the  Baltimore 
A  Ohio  Railroad.  Capital,  Goshen.  Pop.  in  1870,  26,026  j 
in  1880.  33,454;  in  1^=90,  39,201. 

Elkhart,  or  Elkhart  City,  a  post-village  of  Logan 
"CO.,  III.,  in  Elkhart  township,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton 
,  Railroad,  17  miles  N.N.E.  of  Springfield,  and  11  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Lincoln.     It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  churn- 
manufactory,  and  public  schools.     Pop.  in  1890,  414. 

Elkhart,  a  city  of  Elkhart  co.,  Ind.,  is  on  the  St. 
Joseph  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Elkhart  River,  11  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Goshen,  15  miles  by  rail  E.  of  South 
Bend,  and  101  miles  E.S.E.  of  Chicago.  It  is  a  large 
manufacturing  centre,  and  contains  11  churches,  3  national 
.  banks,  graded  schools,  a  high  school,  3  paper-mills,  2  tissue-, 
paper  mills,  a  band-instrument  factory,  3  buggy-factories, 
2  starch-mills,  iron-works,  railroad  machine-shops,  and  2 
daily  and  3  weekly  newspaper  offices.  It  is  lighted  by  gas 
and  electricity,  has  2  fine  parks,  and  an  abundant  water- 
supply.     Pop.  in  1880,  6953;  in  1890,  11,360. 

Elkhart,  a  township  of  Elkhart  co.,  Ind.  Pop.,  exclu- 
sive of  the  city  of  Goshen,  1933. 

Elkhart,  a  township  of  Noble  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1531. 

Elkhart,  a  post- hamlet  in  Elkhart  township,  Polk  co., 
Iowa,  15  miles  N.  of  Des  Moines.     It  has  a  church. 

Elkhart,  a  post-village  of  Anderson  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
International  and  Great  Northern  Railroad,  13  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Palestine.     It  has  2  churches. 

Elkhart,  a  post- village  of  Sheboygan  co..  Wis.,  7  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Plymouth,  and  16  miles  (direct)  W.N.W.  of 
Sheboygan.     It  has  a  church, 

Elkhart  City,  a  village  of  Illinois.    See  Elkhart. 

Elkhart  River,  Indiana,  rises  in  Noble  co.,  runs 
northwestward,  and  enters  the  St.  Joseph  River  (of  Lake 
Michigan)  at  Elkhart.  It  is  about  90  miles  long,  and 
aflFords  abundant  water-power. 

Elk  Head,  a  post-hamlet  of  Christian  co..  Mo.,  15  miles 
(direct)  E.  by  S.  of  Ozark,  It  has  manufactures  of  hard- 
ware. 

Elk  Head,  a  post-hamlet  of  Douglas  co.,  Oregon,  27 
miles  (direct)  N,  by  E.  of  Roseburg,  and  7  miles  E.  of 
Yoncalla. 

Elk  Head  River  rises  in  Sweetwater  co.,  Wyoming, 
runs  southward  into  Colorado,  and  enters  the  Yampah  or 
Bear  River. 

Elk  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Goochland  co.,  Va.,  17  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Maiden's  Adventure,  which  is  about  1  mile 
8.  of  Goochland  Court-House. 

Elkhorn,  a  township  of  San  Joaquin  co.,  Cal,    P.  1428, 

Elkhorn,  a  township  of  Brown  co..  III.     Pop.  1150. 

Elkhorn,  or  Elk'ton,  a  post-village  of  AVashington 
00.,  111.,  about  28  miles  S.E.  of  Belleville.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  graded  school,  and  a  flouring-mill.  Pop.  160,  The  name 
of  its  post-office  is  Elkhorn. 

Elk  Horn,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Iowa. 

Elkhorn,  a  township  of  Webster  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  441, 

Elkhorn,  a  township  of  Lincoln  co.,  Kansas.  Pop, 
;439.     It  contains  Rocky  Hill. 

Elk  Horn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Taylor  co.,  Ky.,  18  miles 
S,  of  Lebanon,     It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 

Elkhorn,  a  hamlet  of  Ray  co..  Mo.,  4  miles  S.W,  of 
Swanwick  Station.     It  has  a  church  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Elkhorn,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  2479, 

Elkhorn,  a  post-office  of  JefTerson  co.,  Montana. 

Elkhorn,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
Elkhorn  River,  and  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  29  miles 
W.  of  Omaha.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  public  school, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  325, 

Elkhorn,  a  post-office  of  Onondago  co.,  N.Y, 

Elkhorn,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Monong.ahela   River,  and   on   the   Pittsburg,  Virginia   & 
Charleston  Railroad,  26  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a 
church,  a  coal-mine,  and  »  paper-mill.     Pop.  about  250, 
71 


Elkhorn,  a  post-hamlet  of  McDowell  co.,  W.  Va.,  8 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Mill  Creek  Junction,  and  27  miles 
(direct)  E.N.E.  of  Perryville. 

Elkhorn,  a  post-village  and  railroad  terminus,  capital 
of  Walworth  co.,  Wis.,  41  miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  from 
Racine,  and  28  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Beloit.  It  contains 
7  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  handsome  union  school-house, 
2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  bricks  and 
tiles,  wind-mills,  tanks,  tread-powers,  wood-sawing  ma- 
chines, butter,  cheese,  cigars,  and  cheese-boxes.  Pop.  in 
1880,  1122;  in  1890,  1447, 

Elkhorn  Creek,  Kentucky,  rises  by  two  branches  in 
Fayette  co.,  runs  northwestward,  drains  parts  of  Scott  and 
Woodford  cos.,  and  enters  the  Kentucky  River  about  10 
miles  N.  of  Frankfort.     The  branches  unite  in  Franklin  co, 

Elkhorn  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  111.,  in 
a  township  of  the  same  name,  10  miles  W.  of  Polo,  and 
about  16  miles  N.W.  of  Dixon.  It  has  a  church,  2  flour- 
mills,  and  about  20  houses.     Pop.  of  the  township,  662. 

Elkhorn  Grove,  Ogle  co..  Ill,    See  Eagle  Point, 

Elkhorn  River,  Nebraska,  rises  in  the  N.  part  of  the 
state,  and  drains  parts  of  Elkhorn  and  Antelope  cos.  It 
runs  eastward  through  Madison  and  Stanton  cos.,  and 
southeastward  through  the  cos.  of  Cuming  and  Dodge. 
Finally  it  flows  southward  through  Douglas  co.,  and  enters 
the  Platte  River  about  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ashland,  It 
traverses  fertile  prairies.     Its  length  is  about  200  miles. 

El'kin,  a  post-village  of  Surry  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  Yadkin 
River,  38  miles  N.  of  Statesville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  cot- 
ton-factory, woollen-,  grist-,  and  flour-mills,  manufactures 
of  lumber,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  288. 

El'kins,  a  post-office  of  Colfax  co..  New  Mexico. 

Elkins,  a  post-village  of  Randolph  co.,  W.  Va,,  11  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Montrose,  and  1 0  miles  (direct)  N,  by  E, 
of  Beverly.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office, 
2  planing-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  737. 

El'kinsville,  apost-hamlet  of  Brown  co.,  Ind.,  22  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Columbus.     It  has  several  mills  or  factories, 

Elkirch.     See  Illkirch-Grafesstaden, 

Elk  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co.,  Minn. 

Elk  Lake,  a  j)0st-village  of  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa,  It 
has  a  steam  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  a  cider-mill,  &o, 

Elk'land,  a  township  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich.,  about  40 
miles  E.  of  Bay  City,     Pop,  1869. 

Elkland,  a  post-office  of  Webster  co..  Mo. 

Elkland,  a  township  of  Sullivan  co..  Pa,     Pop.  1058. 

Elkland,  apost-borough  of  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Cowa- 
nesque  Creek,  14  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Addison,  and  12 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Lawrenceville.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  creamery,  and  manufactures  of 
furniture,  carriages,  and  toys.     Pop.  1006. 

Elk  Lick,  Somerset  co..  Pa.    See  Salisburt, 

Elk  Lick  Springs,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort 
of  Pike  CO.,  Mo.,  in  Spencer  township,  6  miles  S.W.  of 
Frankford  Railroad  Station.     Here  are  medicinal  springs. 

Elk  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  McDonald  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  Elk  River,  16  miles  S.  of  Seneca  Railroad  Station, 

Elk  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  6  miles 
S.E.  of  Oxford, 

Elk  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Carter  co.,  Tenn, 

Elk'mont,  a  post- village  of  Limestone  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Nashville  &  Decatur  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Athens, 
It  has  a  church,  a  high  school,  a  brick-kiln,  <fcc, 

Elk'mont  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Giles  co.,  Tenn. 

Elk  Mound,  a  post-township  of  Dunn  co..  Wis.,  is  in- 
tersected by  the  AVest  Wisconsin  Railroad.  Pop.  492,  Elk 
Mound  Station  is  11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Eau  Claire. 

Elk  Mountain,  Pennsylvania,  is  in  the  S.E,  part  of 
Susquehanna  co.     It  is  about  2000  feet  high. 

Elk  Mountain,  or  Big  Horn,  a  high  peak  of  tho 
Medicine  Bow  Range,  is  in  the  S.  part  of  Wyoming,  about 
15  miles  S.  of  Percy  Railroad  Station,  near  lat.  41°  36'  N,, 
Ion.  106°  30'  AV.     It  is  a  prominent  landmark. 

Elk  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Carbon  co.,  AYyoming, 
on  the  Medicine  Bow  River,  12  miles  from  Carbon  Station. 

Elk  Mountains,  Colorado,  a  range  or  group  a  few 
miles  AV.  of  the  Saguache  Range.  Castle  Peak,  which  is  the 
highest  of  the  Elk  Mountains,  has  an  altitude  of  14,115 
feet  above  the  sea-level.  Among  the  other  peaks  are  Cap- 
itol Mountain,  Italian  Peak,  Maroon  Mountain,  Snow  Ma.s3 
Mountain,  and  Sopris  Peak.  Granite  forms  the  central  and 
highest  parts  of  these  mountains.  Silurian  and  carbonifer- 
ous rocks  occur  on  their  sides.  This  is  a  grand  illustration 
of  an  eruptive  range,  and  presents  admirable  scenery,  "  The 
gorges  or  caiions  cut  by  Castle  and  Maroon  Creeks,"  says 
Hayden,  "  are  probably  without  a  parallel  for  ruggedness, 
depth,  and  picturesc[ue  beauty  in  any  portion  of  the  AYest." 


ELK 


nu 


ELIi 


Elk  Neckt  a  noit-hnnilot  of  Cecil  oo.,  Md.,  on  or  nenr 
Elk  lU vor,  6  uilcs  S.  of  North  Eftst  Station.   It  has  a  church. 

Ki'ko,  tho  norlhcjwtoi iimiwt  county  of  Nevada.  It  is 
drainod  by  the  Humboldt  Kivor  and  its  North  and  South 
Forks.  Thosurfaoo  is  ]>artly  mountainous.  A  rango  railed 
the  East  Humboldt  Mountains  extends  nearly  through  tho 
middle  of  tho  county.  Tho  soil  of  tho  valley  of  tho  iluin- 
boldt  produces  barley,  potatoes,  and  grass,  but  is  not  exten- 
sively cultivated.  This  county  contains  largo  arid  plains 
in  which  water  and  timber  are  scarce,  but  Franklin  Lake, 
Kut<y  Lake,  and  uudhute  Lake  water  a  portion  of  its 
•outhem  boundary.  Area,  1 7,A62  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Elko.  Pop. 
In  1S70,  3447;  in  1880,  6716;  in  1890,  4794. 

£lko,  a  post-village,  capital  of  KIko  co.,  Nev.,  on  the 
Humboldt  River,  and  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  003 
miles  E.N.E.  of  San  Francisco,  313  miles  by  rail  E.N.E. 
of  Reno,  and  about  108  miles  (direct)  N.  by  W.  of  Hamil- 
ton. It  is  one  of  tho  most  important  railroad  Etntions  in 
Kevada,  and  has  an  extensive  trade  with  the  mining  dis- 
tricts. It  contains  a  court-house,  2  churches,  a  bank,  3 
hotels,  a  public  school,  and  a  hospital.  One  daily  and  2 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  White  sulphur 
mineral  springs  are  about  a  mile  dii<tant.    Pop.  in  1890,  660. 

Elko,  a  post-hamlet  and  stntion  of  Barnwell  oo.,  S.C., 
in  Williston  township,  on  tho  South  Carolina  Railroad,  6 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Blackville.     It  hna  a  church. 
1      £1  Kom,  a  locality  of  Egypt.    See  Ahmar. 

£l-Kos,  dl-kos'  (a  "bow,"  so  named  from  its  windings),, 
ft  river  of  Morocco,  province  of  Fex,  enters  the  Atlantic  at 
El-Araish. 

El-Kosh,  81-kosh',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  in  Koor- 
distan,  at  the  foot  of  the  Sole  Mountains,  30  miles  N.  of 
Mosul.  Pop.  about  3000.  It  is  resorted  to  by  many  Jewish 
pilgrims. 

£ik  Park,  a  post-village  of  Mitchell  co.,  N.C.,  2  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Cranberry,  and  1 1  miles  (direct)  N.  by  E.  of 
liakersville.  It  has  2  churches  and  manufactures  of  sash 
and  blinds.     Pop.  in  1890,  313. 

£lk  Point,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Union  co.,  S.D., 
41  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Yankton,  and  21  miles  N.W.  of 
Sioux  City.  It  is  near  the  Missouri  IliVor,  and  in  a  rich 
farming  country.  It  bos  4  churches,  a  newspaper  ofiJce, 
Ac.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Elk'port,  a  post-village  in  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  between 
the  Elk  and  Volga  Rivers,  about  42  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of 
Dubuque.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  flour- 
and  saw-mills.     Pop.  about  800. 

Elk  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  III. 

Elk  Prairie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Phelps  co.,  Mo.,  8  miles 
S.E.  of  Rolla.     It  has  a  church. 

Elk  Rap'ids,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Antrim  co.,  Mich., 
is  on  the  E.  shore  of  Grand  Traverse  Bay,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Elk  River,  16  or  18  miles  N.E.  of  Traverse  City.  It 
has  6  churches,  an  iron-furnace,  a  bnnk,  2  newspaper  offices, 
and  a  large  lumber-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  1486. 

Elk  Ridge,  a  post-village  of  Howard  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Patapsco  River,  and  on  the  Washington  Branch  of  the  Bal- 
timore &,  Ohio  Railroad,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Baltimore.  It  has 
about  6  general  stores,  4  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  blast- 
furnace.    Pop.  in  1890,  702. 

Elk  River,  Kansas,  rises  in  Elk  co.,  runs  southeastward, 
and  enters  the  Verdigris  Rivor  in  Montgomery  co.,  about 
3  miles  above  Independence. 

Elk  River,  Maryland,  rises  in  Chester  co..  Pa.,  and 
runs  southward  to  Elkton,  in  Maryland.  It  flows  thcnco 
southwestward,  and  enters  Chesapeake  Bay  in  Cecil  co. 
The  lower  part  of  it  is  navigable. 

Elk  River,  Minnesota,  drains  part  of  Benton  co.,  runs 
southeastward  through  Sherburne  co.,  and  enters  the  Mis- 
sissippi River  at  the  village  of  Elk  River. 

Elk  (or  Cowskin)  River  drains  part  of  McDonald 
CO.,  Mo.,  from  which  it  runs  westward  into  the  Indian  Ter- 
ritory, thence  northwestward,  and  enters  the  Neosho  River. 
It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Elk  River,  an  aftluentof  the  Tennessee,  drains  parts  of 
Coffee  and  Franklin  cos.,  Tenn.,  and  runs  westward  through 
Lincoln  and  southwestward  through  Giles  co.  It  next  inter- 
sects Limestone  co.,  Ala.,  and  enters  the  Tennessee  near  the 
upper  end  of  the  Muscle  Shoals.     Length,  about  1 50  miles. 

Elk  River,  West  Virginia,  drains  part  of  Webster  co., 
and  runs  westward  through  Braxton  co.  It  subsequently 
runs  southwestward,  and  enters  the  Kanawha  River  at 
Charleston.  Its  length  is  estimated  at  180  miles.  It  trav- 
erses a  hilly  country,  in  which  bituminous  coal  abounds. 

Elk  River,  a  village  in  Elk  River  township,  Clinton 
«o.,  Iowa,  about  10  miles  N.  of  the  city  of  Clinton.     It  has 


a  church  and  a  flour-mill.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  tho  Mississinpi,  contains  Elk  River  Junction,  Aliiiunt 
Stnticm,  and  Teed  s  Grove,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1271. 

Elk  River,  an  incorporated  post-village,  capital  of 
Sherburne  co.,  Minn.,  on  tne  left  or  N.  bank  of  the  Minsit- 
sippi  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Elk  River,  39  mile.s  by 
rail  N.W.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  lehool, 
a  ncwspii]>er  office,  a  bank,  a  wagon -factory,  several  mills 
for  lumber  and  flour,  and  2  furniture-factories.  Pop.  in 
1880,  635;  in  1890,  679. 

Elk  River  Junction,  a  hamlet  in  Clinton  co.,  Iowa, 
at  tho  crossing  of  two  railroads,  7  miles  N.  of  Lyons. 

Elk  Run,  a  post-office  of  Tioga  oo..  Pa. 

Elk  Run,  a  post-office  of  Fauquier  co.,  Va. 

Elk  Shoals,  a  poft-hamlet  of  Alexander  co  ,  N.C.,  8 
miles  (direct)  S.E.  of  Taylorsville.  It  has  a  church  and 
an  academy. 

Elkton,  Washington  co.,  HI.    See  Elkhorn. 

Elk'ton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Todd  co.,  Ry.,  on 
Elk  Creek,  12  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Guthrie,  and  about  20 
miles  (direct)  E.S.E.  of  Ilopkinsville.  It  has  7  churches, 
2  banks,  public  schools,  a  newspaper  office,  nn  academy,  a 
steam  mill,  and  manufactures  of  tobacco.     Pop.  1158. 

Elkton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  is  on 
the  Elk  Rivor,  at  tho  head  of  navigation,  and  on  the  Phila- 
delphia, Wilmington  4  Baltimore  Railroad,  52  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Baltimore,  and  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Wilmington.  It  has 
7  churches,  an  academy,  public  schools,  2  banks,  paper- 
mills,  fertilizer-works,  and  an  iron-foundry.  Four  news- 
papers are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  2318. 

Elkton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hickory  co.,  Mo.,  about  50 
miles  N.  of  Springfield. 

Elkton,  a  station  in  Bladen  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  Carolina 
Central  Railroad,  42  miles  W.  by  N.  from  Wiluiingtcn. 

Elkton,  a  post-village  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Little  Beaver  River,  4  miles  E.  of  New  Lisbon.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Elkton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Douglas  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Umpqua  River,  about  36  miles  N.N.W.  of  Roseburg.  It 
h;is  3  church  organizations,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Elkton,  a  post-village  of  Brookings  co.,  S.D.,  17  miles 
by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Brookings,  and  66  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of 
Watertown.  It  has  3  cburobos,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office, 
Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  331. 

Elkton,  a  post-village  of  Giles  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Elk 
River,  about  75  miles  S.  of  Nashville.  It  has  3  churches 
and  a  seminary.     Pop.  in  1890,  165. 

Elkton,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co.,  Va.,  24  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Luray,  and  12  miles  (direct)  E.  by  S. 
of  Harrisonburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  manufactures  of  engines,  cutlery,  wagons,  &c. 

El  Knelt,  a  town  of  Arabia.     See  Grane. 

Elk  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Dakota  co.,  Neb. 

Elk'view,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  47  miles 
by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Elk'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  J.ackson  co.,  111.,  7  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Duquoin.     It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  flour-mill. 

Elkville,  a  post-office  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C. 

Ella,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  W.  Va.,  25  miles  S. 
of  Wheeling,  and  5  miles  from  the  Ohio  River. 

Ella,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pepin  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  Chippewa 
River,  12  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  about  13  miles  N.  of 
Wabasha,  Minn.     It  has  a  church. 

El'land,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West  Riding, 
on  the  Calder,  4  miles  by  mil  S.E.  of  Halifux.  It  hag 
manufactures  of  woollens.     Pop.  6432. 

El'laville,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
Suwanee  River,  and  on  the  Jacksonville,  Pensacola  A  Mobile 
Railroad,  70  miles  E.  of  Tallahassee.  It  has  an  .academy, 
a  largo  saw^-mill,  a  carriage-factory,  and  a  planing-uiill. 
Pop.  about  700. 

Ellaville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Schley  co.,  Ga.,  15 
miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Americus,  and  49  miles  by  rail 
E.S.E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  court-house,  Ac.     Pop.  about  600. 

JGIIbogen,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Elbogex. 

EII6,  5rii',  a  river  of  France,  enters  the  Atlantic  30 
miles  S.W.  of  Quimper,  after  a  S.  course  of  38  miles. 

Ellejay,  a  post-village  of  Georgia.    See  Ellijay. 

El'lejoy,  a  post-village  of  Blount  co.,  Tenn.,  18  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Knoxville.     It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  Ac. 
I     Ellenborough,  el'I^n-bur-ruh,  a  post-office  of  Ruther- 
ford CO.,  N.C. 

Ellenborough,  a  post-village  of  Ritchie  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  North  Fork  of  Hughes  River,  37  miles  by  rail  E. 
of  Parkersburg.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  roller  flour-mill. 

Ellenborongh,  a  post-village  in  Ellenborough  town- 


ELL 


1115 


ELL 


j(iij.  Urant  co.,  AVis.,  on  the  Plsttte  River,  6  miles  (direct) 
rf  Iv  vi  Lancaster.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  an  academy, 
anJ  manufactures  of  lumber  and  flour.     Pop.  300. 

Kl'lenbiirg,  a  post-village  in  Ellenburg  township, 
Clinton  CO.,  N.Y.,  2V  miles  from  the  Ogdonsburg  &  Lake 
Ch!>iri|p|ain  Railroad,  and  28  miles  E.  of  Malonc.  It  has  3 
oihurehes,  a  lumber-mill,  Ac.  The  township  contains  another 
village,  named  Ellenburg  Depot,  and  a  pop.  of  3186. 

HI  I »'ti burg  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  N.Y., 
aK'it  24  miles  N.W.  of  Plattsburg.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
lumber  mill. 

Ellcubmg  Depot,  a  post- village  of  Clinton  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Ellenburg  township,  on  the  railroad  between  Malone  and 
Rouse's  Poinc  28  miles  E.  of  Malone.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
graded  school,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

El'lendale,  a  post-village  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  80  miles 
S.  of  Wilmington,  and  7  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Milford.  It  has 
a  church,  a  public  school,  a  peach- basket  factory,  and  a 
Eteain  lumber-mill. 

Ellendale,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dickey  co.,  N.D., 
27  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Edgeley,  and  49  miles  by  rail  W. 
of  Rutland.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper 
offices,  etc.  Pop.  761. 
Ellendalc,  a  post-office  of  Smyth  co.,  Va. 
Elleiidale  Forge,  a  hamlet  of  Dauphin  co.,  Pa., 
about  14  miles  by  rail  N.  by  B.  of  Harrisburg. 

El'lendor,  a  hamlet  of  Union  oo.,  N.J.,  17  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Newark. 

ElMengow'an,  a  village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md ,  14 
miles  N.  of  Baltimore.     Pop.  640. 

ElMengow'an,  a  post- village  in  Bruce  co.,  Oncario,  10 
mills  N.  of  Walkerton.     Pop.  100. 

Elleno'ra,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gentry  co..  Mo.,  6  miles 
N.  of  Albany.     It  has  a  church. 

Ellensburg,  a  post  village,  capital  of  Kittitass  co., 
Washington,  37  miles  by  rail  N.  of  North  Yakima,  and  272 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Seattle.  It  has  7  churches,  2  banks, 
3  newspaper  offices,  public  schools,  6  flour-mills,  and  rail- 
road repair-  and  machine-shops.     Pop.  about  4000. 

El'ienton,  a  post-village  of  Manatee  co.,  Fla.,  about 
5  miles  (direct)  N.  by  E.  of  Braidentown. 

Eilenton,  a  post-village  of  Aiken  co.,  S.C.,  22  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Augusta,  Ga.,  and  19  miles  (direct)  S.  of 
Aiken.  It  has  3  churches,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  grist-mills. 
El'leiivillc,  a  post-village  in  Wawarsing  township, 
Ulster  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Sandburg  Creek,  on  the  Delaware  & 
Hudson  Canal,  and  on  the  Ellenvillo  Branch  of  the  New 
York  &  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  28  miles  S.W.  of  Kings- 
ton, and  about  80  miles  N.N.W.  of  New  York.  It  has  6 
churches,  2  national  banks,  graded  schools,  2  newspaper  of- 
fices, a  tannery,  a  foundry,  and  manufactures  of  glass  bot- 
tles, cutlery,  soap,  and  sash  and  blinds.  Pop.  about  3500. 
El'lerbe  Springs,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort  of 
Richmond  co.,  N.C.,  12  miles  from  Rockingham. 

Ellershausen,  el'l?rz-h6w-z§n,  or  El'lershouse,  a 
post-village  in  Hants  co..  Nova  Scotia,  36  miles  by  rail  N. 
of  Ilalifa.x.  It  has  a  furniture-factory.  Pop.  300. 
Ellerslie,  a  village  of  Scotland.  See  Ei.pkuslie. 
Ellcrslie,  el'l^rz-le,  a  post-village  of  Harris  co.,  Ga., 
5  miles  E.  of  Cataula  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2  churches 
and  an  academy. 

Ellerslie,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.,  Md.,  is  in  a 
valley  between  Wills  Mountain  and  Savage  Mountain,  at 
Ellerslie  Station  on  the  Pittsburg  division  of  the  Baltimore 
A  Ohio  Railroad,  and  at  State  Line  Station  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad  (Bedford  division),  5  miles  N.  of  Cum- 
berland. It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  fire-bricks. 
Ellerslie,  a  station  in  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Rhine- 
beck  <&  Connecticut  Railroad,  12  miles  E.  of  Kingston. 

Ellerslie, el'lerz-le,  a  post-village  im  Prince  co..  Prince 
Edward  Island.  4i  miles  from  Alberton.     It  has  saw-,  card- 
ing-, and  shingle-mills,  and  ship-yards.     Pop.  150. 
El'lerton,  a  post-office  of  Frederick  co.,  Md. 
El'lery,  or  El'lery  Centre,  a  post-villago  in  Ellery 
township,  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  about  11  miles  N.W.  of 
Jamestown.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  township,  1717. 
Elles,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Elesd. 
El'lesmere,  a  town  of  England  and  Wales,  cos.  of 
Flint  and  Salop,  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Shrewsbury.     It  has  a 
branch  bank  and  a  large  trade  in  malt.     Pop.  2013. 
Ellesmere  Land,  the  S.  portion  of  GrinncU  Land. 
El'lettsville,or  El'littsville,  a  post-village  in  Rich- 
land township,  Manroe  co.,  Ind.,  en  the  Louisville,  New 
Albany  &  Chicago  Railroad,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Bloomington. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  seminary,  2  flour-mills,  a  lumber-mill, 
a  woollen-mill,  and  2  mills  for  sawing  stone.     Here  are 
quarries  of  stone,  largo  quantities  of  which  are  exported. 


Ellezelles,  fiUVfiU',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Ilainaut, 

16  miles  N.E.  of  Tournay.     Pop.  6527. 

El'lice  Islands,  a  group  of  islets  on  a  coral  reef,  sur- 
rounding a  lagoon  in  the  Pacific,  discovered  in  1819.  Lat. 
8°  30'  S.;  Ion.  179°  13'  E.     Pop.  250. 

ElMichpoor',  a  city  of  India,  capital  of  a  district  of 
its  own  name,  98  miles  W.  of  Nagpoor.  It  is  the  largest 
town  in  Berar,  but  has  little  commerce.     Pop.  27,782. 

Ellichpoor,  a  district  in  the  N.  part  of  Eastern  Berar, 
British  India.  Area,  2772  square  miles.  Lat.  20°  51'-21° 
46'  N..  Ion.  76°  40'-78°  30'  E.  Capital,  Ellichpoor.  Pop 
344,358. 

El'licott,  a  township  of  Chautauqua  oo.,  N.Y.,  is  at  the 
S.E.  extremity  of  Chautauqua  Lake.  It  contains  the  vil- 
lage of  Falconer.     Pop.  1 746. 

Ellicott,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  in  East  Ham- 
burg township,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Buffalo.     It  has  a  church. 

El'licott  City,  the  capital  of  Howard  co.,  Md.,  is 
picturesquely  situated  on  the  right  or  AV.  bank  of  the 
Patapsco  River,  and  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  12 
miles  W.S.AV.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  6  churches.  Rock  Hill 
College  (Catholic),  a  cotton-mill,  a  large  flour-mill,  a  ma- 
chine-shop, a  paper-mill,  a  bank,  a  barrel-factory,  and 
3  weekly  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  1488. 

El'licottville,  a  post- village  in  Ellicottville  township, 
Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Great  Valley  Creek,  and  on  the 
Rochester  &  State  Line  Railroad,  about  44  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Buffalo,  and  10  miles  N.  of  Great  Valley  Station.  It  has  a 
bank,  5  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  steam  saw-mill,  a  union 
school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     P.  852;  of  township,  1931. 

El'lijay,  a  small  river  of  Gilmer  co.,  Ga.,  flows  into  the 
Coosawattee  at  the  village  of  Ellijay. 

Ellijay,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Gilmer  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Coosawattee  River,  67  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Atlanta.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  lumber-mills,  stone- 
quarries,  <fec.  ■  Pop.  437. 

El'liuger,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  Tex.,  12  miles 
by  rail  E.S.E.  of  La  Grange.     It  has  2  churches. 

El'lington,  a  post-village  of  Tolland  co.,  Conn.,  in 
Ellington  township,  about  16  miles  N.E.  of  Hartford.  It 
has  a  church.  The  township  contains  a  manufacturing  vil- 
lage named  AVindermerc,  on  the  Ilockvillo  Branch  of  the 
Connecticut  Central  Railroad.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1452. 

Ellington,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  111.  It  contains 
a  part  of  Quincy.     Pop.,  exclusive  of  that  city,  2298. 

Ellington,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co.,  Iowa,  on  Llmo 
Creek,  in  Ellington  township,  about  20  miles  AY,  by  N.  of 
Mason  City.     Pop.  of  the  township,  505. 

Ellington,  a  township  of  Palo  Alto  co.,  Iowa.     P.  170. 

Ellington,  a  post-office  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich.,  in  Elling- 
ton township,  on  Cass  River,  about  40  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
East  Saginaw.     Pop.  of  the  township,  465. 

Ellington,  a  post-township  of  Dodge  co.,  Minn.,  about 
18  miles  S.E.  of  Faribault.     Pop.  436. 

Ellington,  a  post-village  in  Ellington  township,  Chau- 
tauqua CO.,  N.Y.,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Jamestown,  and  3  miles 
S.\\  .  of  Clear  Creek  Station.  It  has  an  academy,  4  churches, 
a  bank,  Ac.     Pop.  about  600. 

Ellington,  a  township  of  Outagamie  co.,  AVis.  Pop. 
1210.     It  contains  Stephensville. 

El'lingwood's  Corner,  a  post-hamlet  of  AA'^aldo  co., 
Me.,  4  miles  N.AV.  of  AA'interport.     It  has  2  churches. 

El'linwood,  a  post-village  of  Barton  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Lakin  township,  on  the  Arkansas  River,  10  miles  by  rail 
E.  of  Great  Bend.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  flour-mill,  a  public  school,  Ac.     Pop.  684. 

El'liot,  a  hamlet  of  York  co..  Me.,  in  Elliot  township, 
on  the  Piscataqua  River,  about  5  miles  N.  of  Portsmouth. 
The  township  is  intersected  by  the  Portsmouth,  Saco  &  Port- 
land Railroad.  It  produces  hay,  potatoes,  and  apples,  and 
has  some  manufactures  of  bricks.     Pop.  1463. 

Ellio'ta,  a  post-village  in  Canton  township,  Fillmore 
CO.,  Minn.,  about  42  miles  S.S.AV.  of  AVinona.  It  has  2 
churches,  4  stores,  and  a  windmill. 

El'liott,  a  small  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Kentucky, 
is  partly  drained  by  forks  of  Little  Sandy  River.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests.  Indian  corn, 
pork,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Area,  270  square 
miles.  Capital,  Sandy  Hook.  Coal  is  found  here.  Pop. 
in  1870,  4433;  in  1880,  6567;  in  1890,  9214. 

Elliott,  a  post-village  of  San  Joaquin  co.,  Cal.,  34 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Sacramento.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
store.     Pop.  of  township,  1765. 

Elliott,  a  post-village  of  Ford  co.,  111.,  in  Dix  town- 
ship, 10  miles  by  rail  AV^.  of  Paxton,  and  40  miles  by  rail 
E.  o£  Bloomington.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  a  graded 
school,  and  cheese-  and  butter-factories.     Pop.  300 


SIX 


1116 


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miliottt  »  poat-vUla||;e  of  Montgomery  oo.,  Iowa,  11 
mile«  (dirMt)  If.  of  Red  0»k. 

Elliott,  a  poat-hamlet  of  Or«nada  co.,  Misa.,  on  the 
Chicago,  St.  Louis  A  New  Orleans  Ilailrood,  8  miles  S.  of 
Grenada.     It  has  2  stores  and  6  residences. 

Elliott  Bay,  Woshinj^tnn.    See  Skattle. 

El'liott^s,  a  station  in  Windham  oo.,  Conn.,  on  the  New 
Yorlc  A,  New  England  lUilroad,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Willi- 
mnntic*. 

Klliott's,  a  poflt-office  of  Matagorda  co.,  Tex. 

Kl'liottsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  oo.,  Pa.,  25  milei 
\\'.N.W.  of  Ilurri^burg.     Near  it  are  several  churches. 

EI'Iiott*9  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hnmlot  of  Morgan 
00.,  0.,  about  32  miles  S.  of  Zanesville.     It  has  a  church. 

Elliott's  Knob,  a  mountain  of  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  about 
20  miles  W.  of  Staunton,  has  an  altitude  of  4448  foot. 

Elliott's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Panola  oo.,  Miss., 
about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Oxford.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a 
lumber-mill. 

El'liottstown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Efiingham  co.,  III., 
about  36  miles  E.  of  Vandalia.     It  has  2  churches. 

El'liottsvillc,  a  hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Ala.,  2  miles 
from  Siluria  Station.     It  has  a  church  and  a  store. 

Elliottsville,  a  plantation  in  Piscataquis  co.,  Me.,  12 
miles  S.E.  of  Moosehead  Lake,     Pop.  42. 

Elliottsville,  a  village  of  Jefferson  co.,  0.,  in  Knox 
township,  on  the  Ohio  Kiver,  opposite  New  Cumberland, 
W.  Va.,  and  on  the  Cleveland  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  10 
miles  N.  of  Stoubenvillo.  It  has  terra-cotta-works,  and  a 
manufactory  of  fire-bricks  and  sewer-pipes.  Here  is  Calu- 
met Post-Office.     Pop.  about  150. 

Elliottville,  a  post-office  of  Rowan  co.,  Ky. 

El'lis,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Kansas,  has 
an  area  of  625  square  miles,  being  a  square  each  side  of 
which  measures  30  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Smoky 
Hill  Fork  of  Kansas  River,  by  Big  Creek,  and  by  Saline 
River,  the  last  of  which  flows  through  the  N.  part  of  the 
county.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  about  V9  per  cent, 
of  it  is  prairie ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Mngnesian  limestone 
and  clay  of  a  superior  quality  for  bricks  are  found  here.  It 
is  traversed  by  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Hays 
City.     Pop.  in  1870,  1336;  in  1880,  6179;  in  1890,  7942. 

Ellis,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  Texas,  has 
an  area  of  about  950  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  Trinity  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Chambers 
Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively  covered 
with  forests  of  ash,  oak,  elm,  pecan,  and  other  hard  timber  ; 
the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  cattle,  hides,  Indian  corn,  and 
•wool  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Houston  <fc  Texas  Central  Railroad  and  the  Missouri, 
Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad.  Capital,  Waxabachie.  Pop.  in 
1870.  7514;  in  1880,  21,294;  in  1890,  31,774. 

Ellis,  a  post-village  of  San  Jonquin  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Stockton. 

Ellis,  a  post-office  of  Hardin  co.,  Iowa.  Ellis  township 
is  drained  by  the  South  Fork  of  Iowa  River.     Pop.  680. 

Ellis,  a  post-village  of  Ellis  co.,  Kansas,  on  Big  Creek, 
18  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Wa  Keeney  and  14  miles  by  rail 
W.N.W.  of  Hays  City.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  graded  school,  and  some  machine-shops  of 
the  railroad.     Pop.  in  1890,  1 107. 

Ellis,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  13 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Boston. 

Ellis,  a  post-office  of  Vernon  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri, 
Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  '6  miles  W.  of  Nevada. 

Ellis,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Muskingum  co.,  0., 
on  the  Cincinnati  &  Muskingum  Valley  Railroad,  8  miles 
K.  of  Zanesville. 

Ellis,  a  post-office  of  Portage  co..  Wis.,  about  7  miles 
N.E.  of  Stevens  Point. 

ElMisburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Camden  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Delaware  township,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Haddonfield. 

Ellisbarg,  a  post-village  in  Ellisburg  township,  Jeffer- 
son CO.,  N.Y.,  on  South  Sandy  Creek,  about  22  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Watertown,  and  4  miles  from  Lake  Ontario.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  furniture 
and  farming-implements.  Pop.  336.  Ellisburg  township 
is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Lake  Ontario,  and  contains  other 
villages,  named  Belleville,  Mannsville,  and  Pierrepont 
Manor.     Pop.  of  the  township,  4145. 

Ellisburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Potter  co.,  Pa.,  in  Genesee 
township,  15  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Wellsville,  N.Y.  It  has  a 
church  and  saw-mills. 

El'lisdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  3 
miles  W.  of  Davis  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Ellis  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  III.,  10 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Chester. 


Ellis  Island,  of  New  York,  is  situated  in  New  York 
Harbor,  about  a  mile  S.W.  of  the  city. 

El'lislie  I^anding,  Issaquena  CO.,  Miss.,  is  a  shipping- 
point  on  the  MiasisMippi  River,  75  miles  above  Vicksourg. 
It  has  2  stores  and  a  church. 

Ellis  iMill,  a  station  in  Owen  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  India> 
napolis  A  Vinconncs  Railroad,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Oosport. 
Ellis  Mound,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  III. 
El'lison,  a  post-village  of  AVarren  co..  111.,  in  Ellison 
township,  7  miles  from  Kirkwood,  and  about  25  miles  S.W. 
of  Oalesburg.  It  has  a  church  and  manufactures  of  brooms 
and  ploughs.     Pop.  of  the  township,  125S. 

Ellison,  a  hamlet  in  Elizabeth  township,  Lawrence  co„ 
0.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Iron  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Iron- 
ton.     It  has  a  furnace  and  mines  of  coal  and  iron. 

Ellison  Uay,  a  post-office  of  Door  co..  Wis.,  on  a  bay 
of  the  same  name,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Green  Bay. 

El'liston,  a  post-village  of  Grant  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville  A  Cincinnati  Railroad,  35  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cin- 
cinnati. It  has  2  churches.  Large  quantities  of  produce 
are  shipped  here. 

Elliston,  a  post- village  of  Ottawa  co.,  0.,  is  at  or  near 
Graytown  Station  on  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  18  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Toledo.     It  has  3  or  4  stores.     Pop.  about  300. 

Elliston,  a  station  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Day- 
ton Railroad,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Hamilton,  0. 

El'listown,  a  post-village  of  Union  co..  Miss.,  about 
40  miles  S.E.  of  Holly  Springs.  It  has  2  churches. 
Ellis  Village,  New  York.  See  Ei.i.isdurg. 
El'lisville,  a  post-village  of  Fulton  co..  III.,  on  Spoon 
River,  in  a  small  township  of  its  own  name,  about  24  miles 
S.  of  Qalesburg.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  car- 
riage-shop.    Pop.  of  the  township,  657. 

Ellisville,  a  small  post-village,  capital  of  Jones  co.. 
Miss.,  on  Tallahala  Creek,  about  80  miles  S.E.  of  Jackson. 
It  has  a  church. 

£llisville,a  post-village  in  Meramec  township,  St.  Louis 
CO.,  Mo.,  3  miles  from  Clinton.     It  has  several  churches. 
Ellisville,  a  post-office  of  Louisa  co.,  Va. 
Ellisville,  a  post-office  of  Kewaunee  co..  Wis. 
El  Litany,  a  river  of  Syria.    See  Litany. 
EUittsville,  Indiana.    See  Ellettsvili.e. 
Ellora,  a  town  of  India.    See  Eloka. 
Ellore,  flrior',  a  town  of  British  India,  presidency  of 
Madras,  Godavery  district,  38  miles  N.  of  Masulipatam. 
Pop.  25,487. 

Ellrich,  or  EIrich,  Sll'riK,  a  town  of  Prussian  Sa.xony, 
7  miles  by  rail  N.AV.  of  Nordhausen.     Pop.  2688. 

Ell'rods,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg  &  Connellsvillo 
Railroad,  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

Ellsworth,  elz'w^rth,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of 
Kansas,  has  an  area  of  720  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Smoky  Hill  River,  which  divides  it  into  nearly 
equal  parts.  The  surface  is  slightly  undulating ;  the  soil 
is  fertile.  Nearly  99  per  cent,  of  it  is  prairie.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad  and 
three  other  railroad  systems.  Capital,  Ellsworth.  Pop.  in 
1870,  1185;  in  1880,  8494;  in  1890,  9272. 

Ellsworth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Logan  co..  Ark.,  about  54 
miles  E.  of  Fort  Smith. 

Ellsworth,  a  post-village  in  Sharon  township,  Litch- 
field CO.,  Conn.,  45  miles  W.  of  Hartford.    It  has  2  churches. 
Ellsworth,  a  post-village  of  McLean  co..  III.,  16  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Bloomington.     It  has  2  churches,  a  bank, 
public  schools,  and  tile-works.     Pop.  250. 

Ellsworth,  a  station  on  the  Logansport,  Crawfordsville 
A  Southwestern  Railroad  and  the  Evansville,  Terre  Haute 
A  Chicago  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Terre  Haute,  Ind. 

Ellsworth,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  oo.,  Iowa,  63 
miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Toledo,  and  17  miles  (direct) 
S.S.E.  of  Webster  City.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a 
graded  school,  a  creamery,  Ac.     Pop.  300. 

Ellsworth,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ellsworth  co., 
Kansas,  is  on  the  Smoky  Hill  River,  37  miles  by  rail  W. 
by  S.  of  Salina,  and  31  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Lyons.  It  haF, 
7  churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  high  school,  a 
graded  school,  2  flour- mills,  a  tile-,  brick-,  and  pottery- 
manufactory,  Ac.     Pop.  1620.  

Ellsworth,  a  city,  port  of  entry,  and  the  capital  of 
Hancock  co..  Me.,  is  in  Ellsworth  township,  and  on  the 
navigable  Union  River,  a  few  miles  from  the  ocean,  and 
about  28  miles  S.E.  of  Bangor.  It  contains  a  court-house, 
a  custom-house,  a  savings-bank,  a  public  library,  6  churches, 
2  newspaper  offices,  and  numerous  saw-mills.  Several 
bridges  cross  the  river  here.  The  prosperity  of  this  place 
is  mainly  derived  from  the   lumber-business,  navigation, 


ELL 


1117 


ELM 


and  ship-building.  It  is  surrounded  by  attractive  scenery. 
Pop.  in  1890,  4804. 

Ellsworth,  a  township  of  Lake  co.,  Mich.,  about  10 
miles  N.  of  Chase.     Pop.  1949. 

Ellsworth,  an  incorporated  post- village  of  Nobles  co., 
Minn.,  20  miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Worthington.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  <fec.     Pop.  258. 

Ellsworlh,  a  hamlet  of  Texas  co.,  Mo.,  about  36  miles 
S.S.AV.  of  Kolla. 

Ellsworth,  a  mining-camp  of  Nye  co.,  Nevada,  about 
120  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Carson  City.  Here  are  mines  of  sil- 
ver and  galena. 

Ellsworth,  a  township  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  58  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Concord.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  150. 

Ellsworth,  New  York.     See  IIannaway  Falls. 

Ellsworth,  a  post-village  in  Mahoning  co.,  0.,  13  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Alliance,  and  about  14  miles  (direct)  W.S.W. 
of  Youngstown.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  manufactory  of 
window-blinds.     Pop.  about  200. 

Ellsworth,  a  post- village  of  Clark  co.,  S.B.,  16  miles 
(direct)  S.  by  W.  of  Clark. 

Ellsworth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Blount  co.,  Tenn.,  8  miles 
(direct)  S.  of  Maryville. 

Ellsworth,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pierce  co..  Wis., 
in  Ellsworth  township,  14  miles  N.  of  Red  Wing,  Minn.,  and 

15  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Hudson.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank, 
2  newspaper  offices,  a  high  school,  a  foundry,  a  saw-mill, 
and  manufactures  of  baskets,  wooden-ware,  and  cigars. 
Pop.  in  1890,  670. 

Ellsworth  P'alls,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co..  Me., 
on  the  E.  bank  of  Union  River,  2  miles  N.  of  Ellsworth. 
It  has  a  church  and  manufactures  of  luinber  and  staves. 

Ellsworth  Station,  a  post-office,  Mahoning  co.,  0. 

Ellwangen,  fill'wing-^n,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on 
the  Jaxt,  45  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Stuttgart.  It  has  a 
castle,  gymnasium,  hospital,  bleach-works,  and  tanneries. 
Pop.  4155. 

Ell'wood,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Schuylkill  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Schuylkill  &  Susquehanna  Branch  of  the  Read- 
ing Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Pine  Grove  Junction. 

Elm,  51m,  a  parish  and  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Glarus.  Pop.  907.  Its  sulphur 
springs  were  formerly  celebrated. 

Elm,  a  township  of  AVayne  co..  111.,  is  drained  by  Elm 
Creek.    Pop.  968. 

Elm,  a  township  of  Allen  CO.,  Kansas.  Pop.  304.  Post- 
office,  Jonestown. 

Elm,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  at  Elrawood,  a 
hamlet  on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  &  Lake  Michigan  Railroad, 

16  miles  W.  of  Detroit.     Here  is  a  cheese-factory. 
Elm,  Montgomery  co..  Pa.     See  General  Wayne. 
Ei'ma,  an   incorporated  post-village  of  Howard  co., 

Iowa,  14  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  New  Hampton.  It  has 
4  churches,  2  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.    P.  about  1000. 

Elma,  a  post- village  in  Elma  township,  Erie  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Bufialo,  New  York  <fc  Philadelphia  Railroad,  13  miles 
S.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  several  churches.  The  township 
has  lOchurches,  and  manufactures  of  chairs,  lumber,  vinegar, 
and  flour.     Pop.  of  village,  165  ;  of  township,  2163. 

Elma,  a  post-village  of  Chehalisco., Washington,  about 
11  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Montesano.  It  has  5  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  saw-mills,  &c. 
Pop.  in  1890,  345. 

Elma  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y. 

El  Mansoora,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Mansoorah. 

El  Mansoria,  h\  m^n-so're-4,  a  small  maritime  town 
of  Morocco,  province  of  Fez,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Fidallah. 

El  Masarah,  51  mi'si-ra,,  a  village  of  Egypt,  10  miles 
S.  of  Cairo,  opposite  the  site  of  ancient  Memphis,  with 
ancient  quarries,  to  which  a  railway  has  been  constructed. 

El  Masr,  a  city  of  Egypt.    See  Cairo. 

EI'may,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co.,  Ind. 

Elm  Creek,  Illinois,  runs  southeastward,  and  enters 
the  Little  AVabash  River  in  AVayne  co.,~ about  9  miles  E.  of 
Fairfield.     It  is  nearly  40  miles  long. 

Elm  Creek,  Minnesota,  rises  in  Jackson  co.,  runs 
eastward  through  Martin  co.,  and  enters  the  Blue  Earth 
River  at  or  near  AVinnebago. 

Elm  Creek,  Texas,  drains  parts  of  Dawson  and  Mav- 
erick COS.,  runs  S.E.,  and  enters  Nueces  River  in  Dimmit  co. 

Elm  Creek,  Ellsworth  co.,  Kansas.    See  Alu-m  Creek. 

Elm  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Marshall  co.,  Kansas,  7 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Blue  Rapids.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  256. 

Elm  Creek,  a  township  of  Morris  co.,  Kansas.     P.  523. 

Elm  Creek,  a  township  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas.   P.  410. 

Elm  Creek,  a  township  of  Saline  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
i97.    It  contains  New  Cambria. 


Elm  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Buffalo  co..  Neb.,  15 
miles  by  rail  AV.  by  N.  of  Kearney.  It  has  2  churches,  2 
banks,  graded  schools,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  357. 

Elm  Creek,  or  Troy,  a  hamlet  of  Bell  co.,  Tex.,  25 
miles  S.AV.  of  AVaco.  It  has  a  church  and  a  store.  Here 
is  Troy  Post-Office. 

Elm'dale,  a  post- village  of  Chase  co.,  Kansas,  7  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Strong  City,  and  about  9  miles  by  rail  AV.  by 
N.  of  Cottonwood  Falls.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  bank. 
Pop.  about  200. 

Elm  Dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morrison  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Two  Rivers  township,  8  miles  AV.  of  Bellevuo  Station.  It 
has  1  or  2  churches. 

Elm'dale,  a  hamlet  of  Scituate  township,  Providence 
CO.,  R.I.     Pop.  41. 

El  Mebarrez  (or  Mubarrez),  51  m^b-ar'rSz,  a  town 
of  Arabia,  province  and  33  miles  S.  of  Lahsa.    Pop.  10,000. 
El  Mejdel,  the  Arabic  for  Magdala. 
Elmekheir,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Berber. 
El'mer,  a  post-village  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mich.,  5  miles  AV. 
of  Sanilac  Centre.     It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese- factory. 
Pop.  about  100. 

Elmer,  formerly  Fitts'town,  a  post-village '>f  Salem 
CO.,  N.J.,  in  Pittsgrove  township,  on  the  AVest  Jersey  Rail- 
road, 26  miles  S.  of  Camden,  and  17  miles  E.  of  Salem.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  public  school,  a  newspnper  office,  and 
manufactures  of  glass,  shoes, "and  spindles.  Pop.  about  1000. 
El  Mesheriff,  a  town  of  Africa.  See  Berheu. 
El  Metemneh,  51  m5-t5m'n?h,  a  town  of  Nubia,  on 
the  Nile,  nearly  opposite  Shendy. 

El  Mezareeb,  m5z-5,-reeb'  (or  Mzarib),  a  town  of 
Syria,  in  the  Ilaooran,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Safed. 

Elm  Flat,  a  hamlet  of  Daviess  co..  Mo.,  in  Benton 
township,  3  miles  S.  of  Pattonsburg. 

Elm 'ford,  a  post-office  of  AVayne  co.,  AV.  A'a. 
Elm  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co..  111. 
Elm  tirove,  a  township  of  Tazewell  co..  111.,  traversed 
by  the  Indiana,  Bloomington  &  AVestern  Railroad  (Leslie 
Station).     Pop.  1072. 

Elm  Grove,  a  township  of  Louisa  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  694. 
Elm  Grove,  a  township  of  Labette  co.,  Kansas.    P.  584. 
Elm  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fr.anklin  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Colerain  township,  8  miles  N.  of  Shclburne  Falls. 

Elm  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Holt  co..  Mo.,  is  at  Forbes. 
Elm  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Chatham  co.,  N.C. 
Elm  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  0. 
Elm  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Ohio  co.,  AV.  \'a.,  5  miles 
by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  AVheeling.     It  has  3  churches,  2  flour- 
mills,  and  a  coal-mine.     Pop,  in  1890,  594. 

Elm  Grove,  a  post-village  of  AVaukesha  co.,  Wis.,  9 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Milwaukee.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
Catholic  orphanage. 

Elm  Hall,  a  post-village  of  Gratiot  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Sumner  township,  IJ  miles  from  Riverdale  Railroad  Sta- 
tion, and  about  45  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Lansing.  It  has  2 
churches,  and  lumber-  and  grist-mills  on  Pine  River. 

Elm'hurst,  formerly  Cottage  Hill,  a  post-village 
of  Du  Page  co..  111.,  15  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Chicago.  It 
has  4  churches,  manufactures  of  bricks  and  tiles,  a  public 
school,  and  a  Lutheran  college  or  seminary.     Pop.  1050. 

Elmhurst,  a  post-borough  of  Lackawanna  co..  Pa.,  6 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Scranton.  It  has  3  churches,  a  tan- 
nery, and  a  box-factory.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Elmhurst,  a  fine  southern  suburb  of  Providence,  R.I., 
overlooking  Narragansett  Bay.  Here  is  a  house  of  Ladies 
of  the  Sacred  Heart,  also  a  Catholic  seminary. 

Elmhurst,  a  post-village  of  Langlade  co.,  AVis.,  5  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Antigo.     It  has  a  church,  a  stave-factory,  <fec. 
El  JHTiIh,  51  mil  or  51  meel  (anc.  Malatha?  Scriptures, 
Moladah),  a  village  of  Palestine,  18  miles  S.  of  Hebron. 

Elmina,  51-mce'ui,  or  St.  George  del  Mina  (d5l 
mee'ni),  a  fortified  town  of  the  Gold  Coast,  British  AA'^est 
Africa.  Lat.  5°  4'  45"  N. ;  Ion.  1°  20'  30"  AV.  The  town 
is  irregular,  ill  built,  and  dirty.  It  stands  between  the  sea 
and  an  inlet  called  Baya,  across  which  lies  the  pleasant 
suburb  of  Garden  Town.     Pop.  18,000. 

El'mington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nelson  co.,  A''a.,  on  the 
\''irginia  Midland  Railroad,  27  miles  S.AV.  of  Charlottes- 
ville.    It  has  a  church. 

Elmi'ra,  a  post-village  of  Solano  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Cal- 
ifornia Pacific  Railroad,  29  miles  S.AV.  of  Sacramento.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Elmira,  a  post-village  of  Stark  co.,  HI.,  in  Elmirft 
township,  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Toulon.  The  township  has  i 
churches  and  a  pop.  of  1108. 

Elmira,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.,  Kansas. 
Elmiraj  a  post-hamlet  on  or  near  the  line  between  An- 


ELM 


1118 


£L0 


trim  and  Otsego  oos.,  Mloh.,  ud  on  the  Qrond  Rapids  A 
Iniliuna  Railroad,  24  luilw  S.  of  Tctuakey. 

Ulmirnf  u  township  of  OlunteU  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  1008. 

Elmirii,  a  city  ond  tho  ovpital  of  Cheuiung  co.,  N.Y., 
and  tho  largest  town  on  the  Krio  Railroad  between  Pater- 
»oa  and  Ruffuli),  U  »iluntcd  on  both  sides  of  tlio  Chemung 
River,  in  a  wide  and  furtilo  valley,  at  tho  mouth  of  New- 
town Creek.  Ry  railroad  it  is  274  miles  W.N.W.  of  New 
York,  149  miles  E.S.K.  of  Buffalo,  46  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Ithaca,  and  73  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Williamsport.  Jt  is  on 
the  Erie  Rivilroad  where  it  crosses  tho  Northern  Central 
Railroad,  and  is  a  terminus  of  the  Utica,  Ithaca  A  Elniira 
Railroad.  It  contains  a  court-house,  26  churches,  a  high 
school,  the  Elmira  Free  Academy,  4  banks  (2  of  which  are 
national),  a  State  Reformatory,  a  Cutholio  academy,  and 
the  Elmira  Female  College,  which  has  an  endowment  of 
$100,000  and  a  library  of  3000  volumes.  Three  daily  and 
5  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Elmira  has  ex- 
tensive manufactures  of  railroad-iron,  iron  castings,  rail- 
road-cars, farming-implements,  iron  bridges,  boilers  and 
engines,  ploughs,  woollen  goods,  boots  and  shoes,  carriages, 
edge-tools,  flour,  Ac.  Here  are  several  machine-shops  and 
tanneries,  a  manufactory  of  steam  fire-engines,  and  large 
workshops  of  the  Erie  Railroad  and  Northern  Central  Rail- 
road. The  town  is  supplied  with  water  which  is  stored  in 
a  large  reservoir  and  distributed  in  pipes.  Elmira  was  in- 
corporated in  1S65,  and  is  divided  into  7  wards.  Pop.  in 
18S0,  20,541  ;  in  1890,  30,893. 

JBImira,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  0.,  8  miles  (direct) 
W.  by  N.  of  AVauseon.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Elmi'ra*  or  West  Wool'wich,  a  post-village  in 
Waterloo  co.,  Ontario,  12  miles  N.  of  Berlin.  It  contains 
an  iron-foundry  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  800. 

Elm  Lake,  a  station  of  Wood  co.,  Wis.,  on  tho  Green 
Bay,  Winona  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  Grand 
Rapids. 

Elm  Mott,  a  post-office  of  McLennan  co..  Tex. 

EI'mO)  a  post-village  of  Nodaway  co.,  Mo.,  19  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Maryville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  400. 

ElmOf  a  post-village  of  Grant  co..  Wis.,  in  Smelser 
township,  on  the  Galena  A  Southern  Wisconsin  Railroad. 

Elmo,  a  post-village  of  Kaufman  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Texas 
A  Pacific  Railroad,  38  miles  E.  of  Dallas.  It  has  a  church, 
a  high  school,  and  a  flouring-mill. 

£1  Monte,  i\  mon'ti,  a  post-village  of  Los  Angeles  co., 
Cal.,  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  13  miles  E.  of  Los 
Angeles.  It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy.  Tho  name 
of  its  station  is  Monte.     Pop.  of  El  Monte  township,  1254. 

El  Mookheiref,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Bkrber. 

EI'more,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Alabama, 
has  an  area  of  about  652  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
tho  E.  and  S.  by  the  Tallapoosa  River,  and  is  intersected  by 
the  Coosa  River.  These  streams  unite  on  the  southern  bor- 
der of  the  county  and  form  the  Alabama  River.  Tho  sur- 
face is  hilly  or  undulating,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests ; 
the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Louisville 
A  Nashville  Railroad,  a  branch  of  which  extends  to  We- 
tumpka,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  14,477;  in  1880, 
17.502;  in  1890,21,732. 

Elm  ore,  a  post-hamlet  of  Elmore  CO.,  Ala.,  on  the  Louis- 
ville &  Nashville  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Montgomery. 
Here  are  large  forests  of  yellow  pine  and  several  saw-mills. 

Elmore,  a  post-village  of  Peoria  co.,  111.,  in  Millbrook 
township,  on  Spoon  River,  about  28  miles  N.W.  of  Peoria. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Elmore,  a  township  of  Daviess  co.,  Ind.,  is  bounded 
N.W.  by  White  River.     Pop.  1968. 

Elmore,  a  post-village  of  Faribault  co.,  Minn.,  57  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Mankato.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  public  school,  a  creamery,  a  flour-mill, 
and  general  stores.     Pop.  488. 

Elmore,  a  post-village  of  Ottawa  co.,  0.,  on  the  Portage 
River,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan  Southern  Rail- 
rood,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Toledo,  and  13  miles  N.AV.  of  Fre- 
mont. It  has  several  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
flour-mill,  aplaning-mill,  and  2  wagon-shops.     Pop.  1131. 

Elmore,  a  post-village  in  Elmore  township,  Lamoille 
CO.,  Vt.,  22  miles  N.  of  Montpelier,  and  3  miles  from  Wolcott. 
It  has  a  church  and  2  lumber-mills.     Pop.  of  township,  637. 

Elmore,  a  post-office  of  Fond  du  Lac  co.,  AVis. 

Elmore's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Esopus  township,  2i  miles  from  Hyde  Park. 

El  Mo'ro,  a  post-village  of  Las  Animas  co..  Col.,  on  the 
Purgatory  River,  5  miles  below  Trinidad,  and  206  miles  S. 
ol   Denver.    It  is  the  terminus  of  the  Trinidad  Branch 


of  the  Denver  A  Rio  Grande  Railroad.  It  hns  several  or 
warding-bouscs,  3  churches,  public  schools,  and  manu'ai) 
turcs  of  coke.     Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  355. 

El  Mosul,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Moscl. 

Ei'mot,  a  post-hamlct  and  landing  of  Misiiissippi  '  < ., 
Ark.,  on  tho  Mississippi  River,  6  miles  from  Osceola,  it 
has  sever  il  general  stores. 

Elm  Point,  a  haiulet  of  Bond  oo.,  111.,  about  22  mi  » 
W.  of  Vandalia.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  14  dwellings. 

Elm  Prairie,  a  township  of  St.  Croix  co  ,  Wis.    P.  S4 , 

Elms'dalc,  a  post-village  in  Hants  co..  Nova  Scoti  i 
near  the  confluence  of  Nino  Mile  River  with  the  Shubcn  ■ 
cadie,  30  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Halifax.     Pop.  200. 

Elmshorn,  films'honn,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Ilolsteit.. 
at  a  railway  junction,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  GlUckstadt.  It  ha': 
an  active  triule  and  varied  manufactures.     Pop.  4831. 

Elm  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co..  Ark. 
65  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Pierce  City,  Mo.     It  has  a  church. 

Elmstein,  dlm'stine,  or  Appenthal,  ilp'pt^n-tiVI,  a  vil. 
lage  of  Germany,  Bavaria,  8  miles  W.  of  Neustndt.     P.  1940, 

Elm  Store,  a  poiit-hamlct  of  Ran(l(>l]ih  co.,  Ark.,  on 
Eleven  Point  River,  35  miles  N.W.  of  O'Kean  Station.  It 
has  a  church. 

Elms'ville,  or  Saint  Paul's,  a  post-village  in  Pictnu 
CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  tho  East  Branch  ot  East  River,  20  miles 
S.E.  of  New  Glasgow.     Pop.  120. 

Elm  Tree,  a  ])08t-officc  of  Weakley  co.,  Tenn. 

El  Mubarrez,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  El  MKBAnnEi. 

Elmunchill)',  drmun-chil'lec,  a  village  of  India,  in 
Madras,  31  miles  S.W.  of  Vizagapatam. 

Elm'valc,a  post-village  in  Simcoe co.,  Ontario,  20  milei- 
N.N.W.  of  Barrie.     Pop.  150. 

Elm'ville,  apost-otfico  of  Franklin  co.,  Ivy. 

Elmville,  a  village  of  Cranston  township.  Providence 
CO.,  R.I.,  i  mile  from  Auburn  Junction.  It  has  dye-works 
Pop.  150. 

Elm'wood,  a  post-hamlct  of  Boone  co.,  Ark.,  75  mile? 
N.N.E.  of  Clarksville. 

Elmwood,  a  po^t-bamlet  of  Hartford  co..  Conn.,  in 
West  Hartford  township,  on  tho  Hartford,  Providence  A 
Fishkill  Railroad,  and  on  the  railroad  between  Hartford  and 
New  Haven,  4  miles  S.W.  of  tho  former.  It  has  a  chapel 
and  a  manufactory  of  flower-pots  and  drain-tiles. 

Elmwood,  a  post-village  of  Peoria  co..  111.,  in  Elm- 
wood  township,  on  the  Oalesburg  it  Peoria  Branch,  where 
it  crosses  the  BudaA  Rushville  Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Bur- 
lington A  Quiney  Railroad,  163  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago,  and 
27  miles  W.N.W.  of  Peoria.  It  has  2  banks,  5  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  union  school,  a  canning-factory,  a  cream- 
ery, a  cigar-factory,  and  manufactures  of  bricks,  flour,  and 
paper.     Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1548. 

Elmwood,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Ky.,  11  miles 
N.W.  of  Montioello. 

Elmwood,  a  station  in  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  New 
Y^ork  A  New  England  Railroad,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Boston. 

Elmwood,  a  post-village  of  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  in 
East  Bridgewater  township,  1  mile  from  the  Old  Colony 
Railroad,  and  26  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  church 
and  2  manufactories  of  shoes. 

Elmwood,  a  township  of  Leelanaw  co.,  Mich.    P.  734. 

Elmwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich.,  on 
Cass  River,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Caro. 

Elmwood,  Wayne  co.,  Mich.     See  Elm. 

Elmwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Salino  co.,  Mo.,  in  Elm- 
wood township.  12  miles  S.  of  Waverly,  and  9  miles  N.  of 
Brownsville.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  township,  2450. 

Elmwood,  apost-hamletof  Cassco.,  Neb.,  on  Weeping 
Water  Creek,  about  27  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Lincoln. 

Elmwood,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  0.,  on  tho 
Columbus  A  Toledo  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Columbus. 

Elmwood,  a  post-office  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C,  8  miles 
N.  of  Edgefield  Court-IIouse. 

Elmwood  Place,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  0., 
8  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  5  churches,  a  pub- 
lic school,  a  carriage-factory,  and  a  wire-fence  factory. 

EInbogen,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Ei.bogen. 

EIne,  £ln  (anc.  JlliberU;  afterwards  Helena),  a  town 
of  France,  in  Pyrcnces-Orientales,  on  the  Tech,  8  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Perpignan.  Pop.  2403.  Illiberis  was  the  place 
where  Hannibal  first  encamped  after  passing  the  Pyrenees  : 
having  been  rebuilt  by  Constantino,  it  received  the  name 
of  his  mother  Helena. 

E'lo,  a  post-office  of  Winnebago  co.,  AVis. 

El  Obeid,  a  town  of  Kordofan,  Africa.     Sec  Obeid. 

Elo'bey,  a  group  of  islets  on  the  coast  of  Africa,  N.  of 
the  mouth  of  the  Gaboon.  They  are  claimed  by  Spain  ;  but 
the  native  chiefs  have  acknowledged  French  sovereignty. 


ELO 


1119 


ELS 


E'lon,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Ashley  co.,  Ark. 

£loii,  a  post-offico  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa. 

Hlon,  a  post-offico  of  Amherst  co.,  Va. 

El  Oos,  or  Eluse,  fil-oos',  an  island  and  town  in  the 
Euphrates,  in  Asiatic  Turkey,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Hit,  with 
600  houses  and  some  mosques. 

Elora,  Ellora,  fil-lo'r4,  orElourou,  Sl-oo'roo,  a  vil- 
lage of  India,  in  lat.  20°  5'  N.,  Ion.  75°  15'  E.,  about  1  mile 
B.  of  which  are  some  remarkable  cave-temples  excavated 
la  the  hill. 

Elor'a,  a  post-offico  of  Butler  co.,  Pa. 

Elora,  a  post-offico  and  station  of  Lincoln  co.,  Tenn., 
on  tlie  Winchester  &  Alabama  Railroad. 

Elo'ra,  a  village  in  AVellington  co.,  Ontario,  at  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Grand  and  Irvine  Kivers,  14  miles  by  rail 
N.W.  of  Guelph.  It  has  a  branch  bank,  several  churches 
and  hotels,  grist-  and  planing-mills,  distilleries,  a  brewery, 
an  extensive  foundry,  a  brick-field,  woollen-,  chair-,  sash-, 
door-,  and  barrel-factories,  and  a  large  trade  in  cattle,  grain, 
4c.    Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.     P.  1498. 

Elorii,  a  river  of  France.    See  Landerneait. 

Elorrio,  i-lou'Re-o,  a  town  of  Spain,  18  miles  S.E.  of 
Bilbao.     Pop.  1215. 

El-Ouad,  §l-oo*ad',  or  El-Oued,  81-oo'Sd',  a  village 
of  the  Algerian  Sahara,  in  a  district  called  Ouad  (Wady) 
Souf.  119  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Biskara.     Pop.  7700. 

Eloiirou,  a  town  of  India.     See  Eloha. 

El  Paso,  51  p3,'so,  a  scattered  village  of  the  Canaries, 
In  the  island  of  Palma.     Pop.  29.34. 

El  Paso,  51  pah'so,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of 
Colorado,  has  an  area  of  about  2660  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  several  small  affluents  of  the  Arkansas  River, 
one  of  which  is  called  Fontaine  qui  bouille  (Fountain  Creek). 
The  surface  is  diversified  by  grand  mountain-scenery,  the 
most  prominent  object  in  which  is  Pike's  Peak.  The  soil 
of  the  valleys  and  plains  is  fertile,  and  produces  wheat, 
barley,  and  good  pasture.  Gold  has  been  found  in  this 
county;  also  coal  or  lignite.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Den- 
ver &  Rio  Grande  Railroad  and  four  other  railroads,  all 
centring  at  Colorado  Springs,  the  capital.  Manitou,  a 
summer  resort,  which  attracts  many  visitors,  is  in  this 
county.    Pop.  in  1870,987;  in  1880,  7949;  in  1890,  21,239. 

El  Paso,  a  large  county  forming  the  W.  extremity  of 
Texas,  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Rio  Grande,  which 
separates  it  from  Mexico.  Area,  9750  square  miles.  The 
surface  is  partly  mountainous;  the  soil  is  uncultivated. 
Cretaceous  rocks  underlie  part  of  the  county,  which  also 
contains  granite.  The  county  is  intersected  by  the  South- 
ern Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  EI  Paso.  Pop.  in  1870, 
3671;  in  1880,  3845;  in  1890,  15,678. 

El  Paso,  a  post-hamlet  of  White  co..  Ark.,  about  32 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Little  Rock.     It  has  2  churches. 

El  Paso,  a  post-village  of  El  Paso  co..  Col.,  on  Fountain 
Creek,  and  on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  about  25 
miles  N.  of  Pueblo. 

El  Paso,  a  city  of  Woodford  co.,  111.,  in  El  Paso  town- 
ship, on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  where  it  crosses  the 
Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw  Railroad,  18  miles  N.  of  Bloom- 
ington,  and  33  miles  E.  of  Peoria.  It  has  a  bank,  9  churches, 
several  grain-elevators,  and  manufactures  of  farming-im- 
plements, carriages,  <fec.  A  weekly  newspaper  is  published 
here.  Pop.  in  1890,  1353  j  of  the  township,  exclusive  of 
the  city,  705. 

El  Paso,  a  village  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Ar- 
kansas River,  13  miles  below  Wichita.     Pop.  about  100. 

El  Paso,  a  post-office  of  Brunswick  co.,  N.C. 

El  Paso,  a  city,  capital  of  El  Paso  co.,  Tex.,  is  on  the 
Rio  Grande,  196  miles  by  rail  N.AV.  of  Marfa.  It  has  7 
churches,  4  banks,  5  newspaper  offices,  and  public  schools. 
Pop.  in  1890,  10,338. 

El  Paso,  a  post-village  of  Pierce  co..  Wis.,  in  EI  Paso 
township,  on  Rush  River,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ellsworth,  and 
25  miles  E.  of  Prescott.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and 
a  church.     Pop.  about  150  ;  of  the  township,  535. 

El  Paso  del  Norte,  61  pi'so  d6l  noR'ti,  better  known 
as  El  Paso,  a  settlement,  or  more  properly  a  line  of  set- 
tlements, embracing  a  population  of  about  5000,  situated 
in  a  rich  but  narrow  valley  which  extends  9  or  10  miles 
along  the  right  bank  of  the  Rio  Grande,  in  the  Mexican 
state  of  Chihuahua,  350  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Santa  Fe.  The 
grape  is  extensively  cultivated  in  this  locality,  and  con- 
siderable quantities  of  a  weak  but  well-flavored  wine  and 
brandy  (known  to  traders  as  Pass  wine  and  Pass  brandy)  are 
made.  The  houses  are  built  of  adobes,  or  sun-dried  bricks, 
and  are  chiefly  of  one  story,  with  earthen  floors.  Though 
supplied  with  abundance,  the  inhabitants  are  deficient  in 
the  commonest  appliances  of  cirilized  life :  glazed  windows, 


chairs,  tables,  knives  and  forks,  i^d  other  conveniences  ara 
unknown  even  to  the  rich.  Few  of  the  people  are  pure 
white,  being  nearly  all  more  or  less  tinged  with  Indian 
blood.  That  portion  of  the  settlement  at  the  northern  part 
of  the  valley,  where  the  plazn,  the  parish  church,  and  the 
dwellings  of  the  principal  inhabitants  are  located,  may  be 
considered  as  the  town  of  El  Paso.  It  is  in  lat.  31°  42'  N., 
Ion.  106°  40'  W.,  1420  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  Rio 
Grande,  following  the  course  of  the  stream.  El  Paso  is  the 
chief  thoroughfare  between  New  Mexico  and  Chihuahua 
and  the  other  Mexican  states  farther  S.,  the  Rio  Grande 
being  fordable  near  the  town  a  great  portion  of  the  year. 
The  name,  signifying  "  the  passage,"  is  supposed  to  be  de- 
rived from  the  passage  of  the  river  through  a  gorge  or  gap 
in  the  mountain,  just  above  the  town. 

El  Pedernoso,  61  pA.-n6K-no'so,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  51  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cuenea.     Pop.  1487. 

El  Peflon,  61  p6n-yon',  a  fortified  height,  8i  miles  from 
the  city  of  Mexico,  commanding  the  entrance  from  the  E. 

El  Perello,  a  town  of  Spain.     See  Llehs. 

Elphin,  erfeen',  a  town  and  former  Anglican  bishop's 
see  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Roscommon,  17i  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Longford.  Its  cathedral  is  a  small,  plain  church,  with  an 
ancient  tower ;  the  episcopal  palace  and  deanery  are  sub- 
stantial structures.  The  Catholic  bishop's  see  of  Elphin 
still  subsists,  but  its  cathedral  is  at  Sligo.     Pop.  1051. 

El'pis,  a  hamlet  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Vienna  town- 
ship, 4  miles  from  Camden.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

El  Prat  de  Llobregat,  61  prit  di  lo-bri-g.lt',  a  town 
of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  province  and  4  miles  S.W.  of  Bar- 
celona, near  the  Llobregat.     Pop.  1895. 

•El  Pueblo,  61  pw6b'lo,  a  post-hamlet  of  San  Miguel 
CO.,  New  Mexico,  about  150  miles  from  El  Moro,  Col.  It 
has  a  church. 

El  Rass,  a  town  of  Nedjed,  in  the  Wahabce  kingdom, 
Arabia,  225  miles  E.N.E.  of  Medina.     Pop.  18,000. 

El  Re'no,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Canadian  co., 
Oklahoma,  10  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Union  City,  and  38  miles 
(direct)  S.W.  of  Guthrie.  It  has  7  churches,  3  banks,  flour- 
mills,  and  manufactures  of  harness,  carriages,  Ac.  One  daily 
and  3  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.     Pop.  285. 

El  rich,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Elluich. 

El  Rito,  61  ree'to,  a  post-village  of  Rio  Arriba  co., 
New  Mexico,  115  miles  S.S.W.  of  Fort  Garland,  Col.  It 
has  a  church. 

El'rod,  a  post-village  of  Ripley  co.,  Ind.,  6  miles  S.W. 
of  Milan.     It  has  a  church. 

El  Rosario,  61  ro-s3,'re-o,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of 
Cinaloa,  55  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mazatlan,  important  as  a  depot 
for  the  trade  between  Mazatlan  and  the  interior. 

EProy',  a  post-village  of  Juneau  co..  Wis.,  74  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Madison,  and  34  miles  S.E.  of  Sparta.  It  has 
6  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  2  newspaper  offices,  3 
cheese-factories,  Ac.     Pop.  1413. 

El  Rubio,  61  roo'be-o,  or  Puebia  del  Rubio, 
pw6b'13,  d61  roo'be-o,  a  village  in  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
province  of  and  about  55  miles  from  Seville.     Pop.  1463. 

Elsa,  61'si,  a  river  of  Tuscany,  joins  the  Arno  3i  miles 
W.  of  Empoli,  after  a  N.  W.  course  of  30  miles. 

El'sah,  a  post-village  of  Jersey  co.,  111.,  on  the  Mis- 
sissippi River,  4  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Grafton.  It  has  2 
churches,  and  flour-,  grist-,  and  saw-mills.     Pop.  271. 

Elsass,  a  country  of  Germany.     See  Alsace. 

Els'berry,  a  post- village  of  Lincoln  co..  Mo.,  59  miles 
by  rail  N.N.W.  of  St.  Louis,  and  16  miles  (direct)  N.E.  of 
Troy.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
district  school,  and  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  390. 

Els'don,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Northumberland, 
16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Morpeth.     Pop.  1432. 

El  Seewah  (or  Siwah),  81  see'wi',  an  oasis  in  the 
Libyan  Desert.  Capital,  Seewah-el-Kebeer,  310  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Cairo,  built  of  rock  salt.  Lat.  29°  N. ;  Ion.  26° 
E.  It  has  several  salt  lakes.  Near  by  is  the  village  of 
Agharmy  or  Gharmy,  with  ruins  of  the  temple  of  Jupiter 
Ammon. 

Elsene,  the  Flemish  name  of  Ixelles. 

Elsfleth,  6ls'fl4t,  a  town  of  Oldenburg,  on  the  Weser, 
at  the  influx  of  the  Hunte,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Bremen.  Pop. 
2299,  employed  in  ship-building. 

El  Sham,  the  Arabic  for  Syria  and  Damascus. 

El'sie,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  Mich.,  17  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Corunna.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  cheese-factory,  Ac.     Pop.  396. 

Elsinore,  6Psin-or',  or  Elsineur,  6rsin-ur'  (Dan. 
Hehingor  h6rsing-g6'er),  a  town  of  Denmark,  island  of 
Seeland,  at  the  narrowest  part  of  the  Sound,  here  only  2i 
miles  broad,  24  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Copenhagen,  to  which  a 


ELS 


1120 


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railway  extendi.  Lat  68°  2'  12"  N.j  Ion.  12°  37'  30"  E. 
It  bM  3  churohea,  a  oImumI  lohoo],  and  a  ouetoiu -house. 
Ita  inhabitants  arc  oblefly  engaged  in  comtueroo  and  seiv- 
faring,  and  ooniiderable  traffio  is  carried  on  with  Hcliiing- 
borg  on  the  coast  of  Sweden.  Klsinoro  is  dofondcd  by  the 
oastle  of  Kronborg,  which  stands  on  a  )>roJecting  spit  of 
land  and  commands  the  Sound.  It  is  a  Gothic-lSyzantine 
edifice,  built  in  1674-84.  On  it  is  a  fixed  light,  113  fuot 
high.  In  the  vicinity  of  Kronborg  is  the  royal  country 
Mlao«  of  Marienlyst.  Klsinore  is  the  assumed  scene  of 
Shakspeare's  tragedy  of  Hamlet,  and  is  the  point  where  for 
many  years  the  Sound  dues  were  collected.     Pop.  8801. 

£l8inore,  51Vj-nQr',  a  post-village  of  San  Diego  oo., 
Cal.,  about  30  miles  by  rail  S.  of  San  Bernardino.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  oflSco,  and  manufactures 
of  terra-ootta  and  sewer-pipe.     Pop.  500. 

Elsinore,  a  post-village  of  Sevier  co.,  Utah,  8  miles 
(direct)  S.  of  Richfield.     It  has  2  churches. 

El'son  Island)  in  the  Pacific,  is  one  of  the  Gambler 
Islands. 

£l8on'8  Bay^  an  inlet  of  the  Arctic  Ocean,  in  Alaska, 
immediately  E.  of  Point  Barrow.   Lat.  71°  N. ;  Ion.  156°  W. 

Elster,  Sl'st^r,  or  White  Elster  (Ger.  Weiat  EUter, 
♦ice  Al'st^r),  a  river  of  Germany,  rises  near  Asch,  in  Voigt- 
land,  flows  N.,  and  joins  the  Saale  3  miles  S.  of  Hallo 
(Prussia).    Length,  110  miles.     Chief  afiluont,  the  Pieisse. 

Elster,  or  Black  Elster  (Ger.  Schioartz  EUter, 
sb^ants  fil'st^r),  a  river  of  Germany,  rises  2  miles  S.  of 
Elster  (Sa.\ony),  flows  N.AV.,  and  joins  the  Elbe  8  miles  E. 
of  Wittemberg( Prussia).  Length,  105  miles.  Chief  aflluent, 
the  Rodor,  on  the  left. 

Elster,  a  village  of  Saxony,  on  the  Little  Elster,  with 
mineral  springs.     Pop.  1248. 

Elsterberg,  {I'st^r-bfiRaS  a  town  of  Saxony,  6  miles 
by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Greitz,  on  the  White  Elster.  Pop.  3465, 
employed  in  woollen-  and  cotton-weaving. 

Elsterwerda,  fil'st^r-^fiRMi,  a  town  of  Prussian  Sax- 
ony, 66  miles  E.N.E.  of  Merseburg,  on  the  Black  Elster. 
Pop.  1739, 

Els'ton,  a  hamlet  of  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind.,  about  2  miles 
S.  of  La  Fayette. 

Elston,  a  post-village  of  Cole  co.,  Mo.,  10  miles  by  rail 
W.  of  Jefferson  City.  It  has  a  church  and  a  wagon-shop. 
Coal  and  lead  are  found  here. 

El'stow,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  and  2  miles  S.  of 
Bedford.  John  Bunyan,  author  of  "The  Pilgrim's  Pro- 
gress," was  bom  here  in  1628.     Pop.  605. 

Elstra,  Sl8'tr&,  a  town  of  Saxony,  on  the  Black  Elster, 
21  miles  N.E.  of  Dresden.     Pop.  1278. 

El 'stun,  a  station  in  Clermont  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cincin- 
nati &  Eastern  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Batavia. 

Elten,  fil't?n,  a  village  of  Prussia,  on  the  Dutch  fron- 
tier, at  a  railway  junction,  6  miles  N.  of  Cleves.    Pop.  1935. 

Elterlein,  Sl't^r-line^  a  mining  town  of  Saxony,  19 
miles  S.E.  of  Zwickau.     Pop.  2253. 

Elt'ham,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  7  miles  by 
rail  E.S.E.  of  London.  It  was  a  residence  of  the  Plantage- 
net  and  Tudor  monarchs.  The  palace  and  parks  were  de- 
stroyed during  the  Commonwealth.     Pop.  of  parish,  4559. 

£1  Tiemblo,  51  te-6m'blo,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
of  Avila,  on  the  Albercbe  River.     Pop.  1373. 

Elt'ingville,  a  station  in  Richmond  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Staten  Island  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Edgewater. 

Eltinann,Slt'm4n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Main,  35 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Wiirzburg.     Pop.  1504. 

Elton,  Srton'  {i.e.,  "golden  lake"),  a  salt  lake  of  Rus- 
sia, 70  miles  E.  of  the  Volga,  government  and  160  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Saratov.  Area,  130  square  miles.  It  receives 
several  rivers.  Upwards  of  100,000  tons  of  salt  are  ob- 
tained annually  from  its  waters. 

El'ton,  a  post-bamlet  of  Geneva  co.,  Ala.,  16  miles 
(direct)  N.W.  of  Geneva. 

Elton,  a  post-borough  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  4  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Machias.  It  has  2  churches,  a  district 
school,  a  cheese-factory,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop. 
100. 

Elton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Langlade  co.,  Wis.,  12  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Antigo,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Eitsch,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Jolsva. 

Eltville,  a  town  of  Western  Germany.    See  Elfeld. 

El  Tyh,  Desert  of.    See  Sinai. 

El  Tyh,  Wady,  Egypt.    See  Wady  el  Tth. 

Eltz,  filts,  a  river  of  Germany,  in  Baden,  joins  the 
Rhine  20  miles  S.  of  Strasburg,  after  a  tortuous  course  of 
33  miles  past  Waldkirch  and  Kenzingen. 

Elasa,  the  ancient  name  of  Eauze. 

Eluse,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  El  Oos. 


Elva,  dl'v&  (L.  Hel'va),  a  village  of  Italy,  province  aad 
18  miles  W.N.W.  of  Coni.     Pop.  1048. 

EI'va,  a  post-ofiice  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich. 

Elvan  (el'wi^n)  Water,  a  small  aflluent  of  the  Clyde, 
Scotland,  co.  of  Lanark,  noted  for  its  former  gold-washings. 

£lva8,  fil'vls  (Sp.  Jlelvet,  fil'vfis,  or  Yclvcs,  yhVvli),  a 
frontier  city  of  I'ortugal,  in  Alemtejo,  12  miles  W.  of  Bada- 
jos,  on  the  Guadiana.  It  stands  on  a  hill,  on  which  are  the 
fortresses  of  Santa  Lucia  and  Lippe.  Its  Ftrcets  nro  lined 
with  venerable  Moorish  buildings.  Chief  editices,  the 
cathedral,  several  churches  and  convents,  the  arsenal,  bar- 
racks, a  theatre,  college,  seminary,  ])ublio  hospital,  priwn, 
and  a  remarkable  tower.  A  Moorish  aqueduct  supplies 
the  city  with  water.  It  has  manufactures  of  arms  and 
jewelry,  and  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  9637. 

EI'vaston,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co.,  III.,  on  the 
Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw  Railroad  and  the  Keokuk  Branch 
of  the  Wabash  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of  Keokuk,  and  6  miles 
W.  of  Carthage.     It  has  3  churches. 

Elve,  a  river  of  Germany.    See  Elbe. 

Elvcn,  irvftu"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Morbihan,  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Vannes.     Pop.  756;  of  commune,  3397. 

EI'vcrs,  a  pos^-oflSce  of  Dane  co.,  Wis. 

Elvi'ra,  a  post-township  of  Johnson  co.,  III.,  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  1268. 

Elvira,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa,  in  Centre 
township,  about  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Davenport.  It  has  2 
churches. 

£1  Viso,  dl  vee'so,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
province  and  40  miles  N.  of  Cordova.     Pop.  3166. 

El'well,  a  post-village  of  Gratiot  co.,  Mich.,  5  miles  by 
rail  W.  by  N.  of  Alma,  and  44  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Sagi- 
naw.    It  has  a  church.     Pop.  150. 

Elwell,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa. 

Elwin,  a  post-village  of  Macon  co..  III.,  6  miles  by  rail 
S.  of  Decatur.     It  has  2  churches,  <tc.     Pop.  about  100. 

El'wood,  a  post-villnge  of  Will  co.,  III.,  45  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Chicago,  and  8  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Jolict.  It 
hns  2  churches,  a  high  school,  and  several  factories. 

Elwood,  formerly  Quincy,  a  post-village  of  Madison 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  Duck  Creek,  14  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  An- 
derson. It  has  8  churches,  3  banks,  graded  schools,  plate- 
glnss  works,  lamp-chimney  works,  3  brick-yards,  2  planing- 
mills,  and  1  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers.     Pop.  2284. 

Elwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa,  48  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Marion.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  100. 

Elwood,  a  post-village  of  Doniphan  co.,  Kansas,  12 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Troy.     It  has  a  church. 

Elwood,  a  post-village  of  Gosper  co..  Neb.,  28  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Holdrege,  and  9  miles  (direct)  N.  of  Ho- 
morville.  It  has  2  churches,  2  banks,  a  graded  school,  and 
2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  373. 

Elwood,  a  post-village  of  Atlantic  co.,  N.J.,  36  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Camden.  It  has  3  churches,  a  manufactory 
of  shoes,  and  a  paper-mill. 

Elwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Hun- 
tington township,  2^  miles  from  Centreport  Railroad  Station, 
and  about  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Brooklyn.     It  has  a  church. 

Elwood,  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.    See  Ellwood. 

Elwood,  a  post-office  of  Fannin  co.,  Tex. 

El'wy,  a  river  of  North  Wales,  co.  of  Denbigh,  falld 
into  the  Clwyd  at  St.  Asaph. 

Elwy,  a  river  of  South  Wales,  co.  of  Glamorgan,  joins 
the  Severn  at  Penarth. 

Elxas,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Eljas. 

E'ly,  a  city  and  episcopal  see  of  England,  in  the  Isle 
of  Ely,  CO.  of  Cambridge,  on  the  Ouse,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Cambridge,  at  a  railway  junction,  72  miles  N.E.  of  London. 
The  houses  are  mostly  ancient.  The  cathedral  exhibits  a 
singular  yet  imposing  combination  of  the  Saxon,  Norman, 
and  Gothic  styles.  It  is  535  feet  in  length  by  190  feet  in 
the  transept,  and  has  an  elegant  octagonal  central  tower 
and  many  interesting  monuments.  It  has  been  lately  reno- 
vated at  great  cost.  Trinity  church,  founded  in  1321,  is  a 
beautiful  structure.  The  bishop's  palace  is  neatly  built. 
Here  are  also  a  grammar-school,  founded  by  Henry  VIII., 
an  endowed  charity  school,  several  oil-mills,  and  manufac- 
tures of  earthenware  and  tobacco-pipes.  Ely  is  governed 
by  a  custos-rotulorum.  Its  bishopric  was  founded  in  1107. 
The  Abbey  of  Ely,  on  which  the  bishopric  was  founded, 
was  established  by  Saint  Etheldreda,  daughter  of  a  Saxoa 
king,  A.D.  673.  It  was  destroyed  by  the  Danes  about  the 
year  870.  The  city  and  island  owe  their  name  to  the  num- 
ber of  eels  which  abound  here.   Pop.  8017.  See  Isle  OF  Elt. 

Ely,  a  beautiful  demesne  of  Ireland,  in  Ulster,  co.  of 
Fermanagh,  comprising  several  wooded  islets  about  the  head 
of  Lower  Lough  Erne,  4  miles  N.  of  Enniskillen. 


ELY 


1121 


EME 


£ly,  a  hamlet  of  Indiana.     See  Ear. 

E'ly,  a  post-hamlet  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa,  in  Putnam  town- 
ship, on  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Eailroad, 
9  miles  S.  of  Cedar  Rapids.     It  has  2  churches. 

£ly,  a  township  of  Marquette  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  4670. 

Ely,  Marion  co.,  Mo.    See  Ely  Station. 

Ely,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  in  Vershire  town- 
ship, about  28  miles  S.S.E.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  graded  school,  and  several  furnaces  for  smelting  copper, 
which  is  mined  here.  The  annual  product  of  this  mine  is 
about  2,000,000  pounds  of  metal.  Ely  Station  is  on  the 
Passumpsic  Railroad,  18  miles  N.  of  AVhite  River  Junction. 

Elyria,  e-llr'o-a,  a  beautiful  village,  the  capital  of  Lo- 
rain CO.,  0.,  is  finely  situated  at  the  confluence  of  the  East 
and  West  Branches  of  Black  River,  7  miles  S.  of  Lake 
Eric,  25  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cleveland,  and  8  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Oberlin.  It  is  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  South- 
ern Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Sandusky  and  Nor- 
walk  divisions,  where  it  crosses  the  Lake  Shore  &  Tuscara- 
was Valley  Railroad.  It  contains  7  churches,  a  national 
bank,  a  savings-  and  deposit-bank,  and  printing-offices  which 
issue  3  or  4  weekly  newspapers.  Here  are  manufactures  of 
grindstones,  &c.  The  river  falls  about  40  feet  at  this  place. 
Pop.  in  1890,  5611;  of  Elyria  township,  6419. 

Ely's,  e'liz,  a  station  in  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  San 
Francisco  &  North  Pacific  Railroad,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Donahue. 

E'iysburg,  a  post-village  of  Northumberland  co..  Pa., 
in  Shamokin  township,  about  8  miles  S.E.  of  Danville.  It 
has  a  tannery,  a  foundry,  and  3  or  4  general  stores. 

Elysian,  e-lizh'yan,  a  post-village  of  Le  Sueur  co., 
Minn.,  on  a  small  lake,  21  miles  by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Man- 
kato.  It  has  3  churches,  2  hotels,  and  2  saw-mills.  Pop. 
348  ;  of  the  township,  1004. 

Elysian  Fields,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  co.,  Tex., 
about  16  miles  S.E.  of  Marshall.     It  has  3  churches. 

E'iy  Station,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Marlon  co.. 
Mo.,  on  the  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  Railroad,  23  miles  W. 
of  Hannibal.     It  has  3  churches. 

Elysville,  a  village  of  Maryland.    See  Albertoit. 

E'lyton,  a  post-village  of  Jefl"erson  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Alabama  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  near  the  South  &  North 
Alabama  Railroad,  about  3  miles  S.W.  of  Birmingham,  and 
100  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Montgomery.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  high  school.     Pop.  about  600. 

Elz,  a  river  of  Germany.     See  Eltz. 

Elza,  fil'zS,,  a  river  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  joins  the  Arno 
near  Empoli,  after  a  N.AV.  course  of  35  miles. 

Elzc,  filt's^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  9  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Hildesheim,  near  the  Saale.     Pop.  2660. 

Emadoo,  4-mi-doo',  a  town  of  Africa,  kingdom  of 
Yarriba,  18  miles  N.of  Jenne.   Lat.  7°  10'  N.;  Ion.  3°  10'  E. 

Eman'ucI,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  1028  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  by  the  Ogeechee  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the 
Great  Ohoopee  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is 
extensively  covered  with  pine  forests.  The  soil  is  sandy 
and  not  very  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  The  Millen  <fc  Southern  Railroad  trav- 
erses the  county.  Capital,  Swainsborough.  Pop.  in  1870, 
6134;  in  1880,  9759;  in  1890,  14,703. 

Em'ans,  or  Em'maus,  a  post-borough  of  Lehigh  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  East  Pennsylvania  and  Perkiomen  Railroads,  6 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Allentown.  It  has  4  churches,  3  public 
halls,  2  hotels,  an  iron-furnace,  and  3  cigar-factories.  Pop. 
883.  Emaus  Junction,  on  the  above  roads,  is  1^  miles  N. 
of  Emaus  Station,  and  is  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  on 
which  road  it  is  called  East  Penn  Junction. 

Emaus,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  co.,  Va.,  10  miles 
S.W.  of  Liberty.  It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 
-  Emba,  Sm'bfi.,  Jem,  or  Djem,  jdra,  a  river  of  Asia,  in 
the  Russian  government  of  Ooralsk  and  the  Kirgheez  Ter- 
ritory, enters  the  Gulf  of  Emba  at  the  N.E.  extremity  of 
the  Caspian  Sea.     Length,  about  250  miles. 

Embach,  fim'bS.K  (Gross,  groce,  and  Klein,  kline,  i.e., 
"  Great"  and  "  Little"),  a  river  of  Russia,  in  Livonia,  first 
called  Klein  Embach,  enters  the  S.  extremity  of  Lake  Virt- 
zerv,  issues  from  the  N.  extremity  of  the  same  lake,  takes 
the  name  of  Gross  Embach,  flows  E.  past  Dorpat,  and  enters 
the  S.W.  extremity  of  Lake  Peipus.    Total  length,  40  miles. 

Embar'ras,  a  township  of  Edgar  oo.,  lU.  Pop.  1280. 
It  contains  Isabel. 

Embarras,  a  post-village  of  AVaupaca  oo.,  Wis.,  on  the 
Embarras  River,  in  Matteson  township,  22  miles  N.  of  New 
London.  It  has  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  2  stores,  and  a 
wagon-shop. 

Embarras   River,  Illinois,  rises  in  Champaign  or 


Douglas  CO.,  and  runs  southward  through  the  cos.  of  Colea 
and  Cumberland  to'  Newton  in  Jasper  co.  Below  this 
point  it  flows  southeastward,  intersects  Lawrence  co.,  and 
enters  the  AVabash  River  about  7  miles  below  Vincennes. 
It  is  nearly  150  miles  long. 

Embarras  River,  Wisconsin,  rises  by  several  branches, 
which  unite  in  Shawano  co.  It  runs  southeastward  and 
southward,  intersects  the  cos.  of  Waupaca  and  Outagamie, 
and  enters  the  Wolf  River  at  New  London.  It  is  about 
100  miles  long. 

Embdcn,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Emden. 

Emb'den,  a  post-township  of  Somerset  co..  Me.,  about 
45  miles  N.  of  Augusta,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Ken  • 
nebec  River.     Pop.  803. 

Embden  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Somerset  co.,  Me. 

Em'bey,  a  post-office  of  Grundy  co.,  Mo. 

Embomma,  fim-bom'md,  called  also  Bomn,  bo'mi,  a 
town  of  Africa,  in  Angoy,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Congo 
River,  60  miles  from  its  mouth.  It  has  several  European 
trading-factories. 

£mbotetiu,a  river  of  Brazil.    See  Mondego. 

Em'breeviile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Wilmington  &  Reading  Railroad,  25  miles  N.W.  of 
Wilmington,  Del.     It  has  2  churches. 

Em'bro,  or  Palm'erston  Depot,  a  village  in  Ox- 
ford CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  Thames,  6  mileS  N.W.  of  Beach- 
ville,  and  98  miles  S.AV.  of  Toronto.  It  contains  several 
stores,  two  grist-mills,  a  saw-mill,  a  flax -mill,  a  woollen-fac- 
tory, a  cheese-factory,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  484. 

Embrun,  Sm'brun  (Fr.  pron.  ftM^bruN"';  anc.  Ehro- 
dii'tnim),  a  town  of  France,  in  Hautes-Alpes,  on  the  Du- 
rance, 19  miles  E.  of  Gap.  It  has  a  cathedral,  with  a  lofty 
tower.  Under  the  Romans  Embrun  was  a  military  post,  and 
its  archbishop's  see,  suppressed  at  the  revolution,  is  said 
to  have  dated  from  the  time  of  Constantine.     Pop.  3287. 

Em'brun,  a  post-village  in  Russell  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
river  Castor,  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Ottawa.     Pop.  100. 

Embudo,  6m-boo'do,  a  post-village  of  Rio  Arriba  co., 
New  Mexico,  19  miles  by  mil  S.  of  Espanola,  and  50  miles 
N.  of  Santa  Fe.     It  has  2  churches. 

Emden,  or  Embdcn,  fim'dSn,  a  fortified  seaport  town 
of  Prussia,  province  of  Hanover,  in  East  Friesland,  near  the 
Dollart,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Aurich.  The  town  is  intersected 
by  canals  connected  with  the  harbor,  and  is  a  railway  ter- 
minus. Principal  edifices,  the  council-  and  custom-houses, 
barracks,  exchange,  gymnasium,  and  school  of  naviga- 
tion. The  port  is  shallow,  but  the  roadstead  is  deep  enough 
for  vessels  of  any  size.  Emden  has  ship-building  docks, 
an  arsenal,  museums  of  art  and  natural  historj',  and  man- 
ufactures of  linen  fabrics  and  yarn,  hosiery,  hats,  soap, 
starch,  tobacco,  and  sail-cloth,  with  breweries,  distilleries, 
and  tanneries.  It  exports  corn,  butter,  cheese,  spirits,  tal- 
low, honey,  wax,  wool,  and  hides,  and  imports  timber  from 
the  Baltic,  hemp,  and  potash.     Pop.  12,866. 

Em'den,  a  post-hamlet  of  Logan  co..  111.,  12  miles  by 
rail  N.N.W.  of  Lincoln. 

Em'eline,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa,  7  miles 
N.E.  of  Baldwin  Railroad  Station. 

Emera'do,  a  post-village  of  Grand  Forks  co.,  N.D., 
16  miles  by  rail  AV.  of  Grand  Forks.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
bank,  <tc.     Pop.  200. 

Emerald,  Illinois.     See  Alton  Junction. 

Em'erald,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anderson  co.,  Kansas, 
about  44  miles  S.  by  AV.  of  Lawrence.     It  has  a  church. 

Emerald,  a  post-township  of  Faribault  co.,  Minn., 
about  40  miles  S.  of  Mankato.  It  is  drained  by  the  Blue 
Earth  River.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  825. 

Emerald,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co.,  0,,  16  miles  S.  of 
Hillsborough. 

Emerald,  a  township  of  Paulding  oo.,  0.  Pop.  717. 
Emerald  Station  is  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  61  miles  AV.S.A7. 
of  Toledo.     Post-office  name,  Emmett. 

Emerald,  a  post-township  of  St.  Croix  co.,  AVis.,  about 
22  miles  N.E.  of  Hudson.  It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber- 
mill.     Pop.  303. 

Emerald,  apost-village  in  Lennox  eo.,  Ontario,  2imile« 
S.  of  Bath,  and  18  isiles  S.AA'.  of  Kingston.     Pop.  100. 

Emerald  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Rock  co.,  AVis.,  in 
Bradford  township,  8  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Janesville.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  union  school,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Emerald  Hill,  a  town  adjacent  to  Melbourne,  Aus- 
tralia, which  is  li  miles  N.  It  has  factories,  mills,  and 
ship-yards.     Pop.  17,101.    See  Melbourne. 

Emerald  Island,  of  the  Red  Sea.    See  Makowar. 

Em'erick,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co..  Neb. 

Em'erickvilie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Pa., 
about  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Oil  City.    It  has  a  church. 


EStS 


1122 


£MItr 


Eaeriaat  (m^fh-rao'ni,  or  Imerina,  a  district  of  the 
UUad  of  Mada^pksoftr,  and  formerly  an  \nilcpcnilont  sttite. 

Emerita  Augusta,  the  nnoient  name  of  Mkiiida. 

£lll'er8on«  an  inoorporated  povt-vitlage  of  Hartow  oo., 
On.,  43  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Atlanta,  and  5  miles  by  rail 
8.E.  of  Carteniville.  It  has  2  churches,  iron-works,  and  a 
Bowspaper  office.     Pop.  781. 

Emerson*  a  post-villnge  of  Mills  oo.,  Iowa,  21  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  (ilenwood.  It  has  3  churches,  a  banic,  a  news- 
paper  office,  <to.     Pop.  -104. 

£merson»  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Mo.,  20  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Quinoy,  III.,  and  about  24  miles  N.W.  of  Han- 
nibal,    It  has  a  church  and  a  plough-factory. 

Emerson,  a  post-villnge  of  Dixon  co.,  Neb.,  about  33 
miles  by  mil  S.  of  Ponca,  and  21  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of 
Dakota  City.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  Ac.     Pop.  400. 

Emerson,  or  Sutton  Junction,  a  post-village  in 
Brome  co.,  Quebec,  64  miles  S.E.  of  Montreal. 

Em'ert's  Cove,  a  post-office  of  Sevier  oo.,  Tenn. 

Em'cry,  a  village  of  Monroe  co.,  Wis.,  24  miles  S.E.  of 
Black  River  Falls.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Emery  Creek,  Tennessee,  rises  in  the  Cumberland 
Mountain,  runs  southward  and  southeastward  through  Mor- 
gan CO.,  and  enters  the  Clinch  lliver  in  Koane  oo.,  4  or  5 
miles  above  Kingston. 

Emery's  Mills,  a  post-haralot  of  York  co.,  Me.,  in 
Shnplcigh  township,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Springvale.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  lumber-mill, 

Emesn,  a  town  of  Syria.    See  IIoms. 

Em'et,  a  post-village  of  Chippewa  co..  Wis.,  in  Big  Bend 
township,  on  the  Chippewa  River,  35  miles  N.  of  Chippewa 
Falls,     it  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Emfras,  fim'fris',  n  considerable  town  of  Abyssinia,  on 
a  hill.     Lat.  12°  12'  33"  N. ;  Ion.  37°  38'  30"  E. 

Em'lg,  a  stivtion  in  York  co..  Pa.,  on  the  York  A  Colum- 
bia Branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  by  N. 
of  York.     It  ships  much  iron  ore. 

Em'igrnnt  Gap,  a  post-village  of  Placer  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Central  P.acilio  Railroad,  83  miles  N.E.  of  Sacramento. 
It  has  a  district  school  and  3  lumber-mills. 

Emigrant  Peak,  Montana,  a  volcanic  and  conical 
mountain  in  Gallatin  co.,  E.  of  Yellowstone  River.  "  Emi- 
grant Peak,"  says  Hayden,  "the  base  of  which  is  cut  by 
the  Yellowstone  River,  is  10,629  feet  above  tide-water." 

Em'igsville,  a  post-village  of  York  co.,  Pa.,  about  6 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  York.  It  has  a  church,  a  cigar-faetory, 
and  a  wagon-factory.     Pop.  about  300. 

Emilia,  &-meel'ee-a  (anc.  jEmil'ia),  an  old  division  of 
Italy,  restored  in  1859  as  one  of  the  eompartimeiiti  of  the 
kingdom.  Area,  7926  square  miles.  It  extends  nearly 
across  the  peninsula,  having  Lombardyon  the  N.,  the  Adri- 
atic on  the  N.E.,  Tuscany  on  the  S.,  and  Piedmont  and 
Liguria  on  the  W.  It  comprises  the  provinces  of  Parma, 
Piacenza,  Modena,  Reggio  nell'  Emilia,  Bologna,  Ferrara, 
Forli,  and  Ravenna.     Pop.  2,113,828. 

Emilie,  em'^-le,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Bristol  township,  2i  miles  from  Cold  Spring,  and  22  miles 
N.E.  of  Philadelphia.     It  has  a  church. 

Em'inence,  a  township  of  Logan  co..  111.,  traversed  by 
the  Illinois  Midland  Railroad.     Pop.  1362. 

Eminence,  a  post-village  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Adams  township,  about  33  miles  W.S.W.  of  Indianapolis. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  carriage-shop,  Ac.     Pop.  400. 

Eminence,  a  township  of  Woodson  co.,  Kansas.  P.  347. 

Eminence,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville,  Cincinnati  A  Lexington  Railroad,  40  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Louisville,  and  25  miles  AV\N.W.  of  Frankfort. 
It  contains  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  town  hall,  a  seminary,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  Eminence  College;  also  2  hotels,  a 
carriage-factory,  and  a  steam  flouring-mill.     Pop.  2000. 

Eminence,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Shannon  co..  Mo., 
on  the  Current  River,  about  124  miles  S.S.W.  of  St.  Louis. 
It  has  a  church,  a  newspaper  office,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a 
manufactory  of  farming-implements. 

Eminence,  a  post-village  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Jefferson  township,  50  miles  W.S.W.  of  Albany.  It  con- 
tains 2  churches,  2  stores,  and  a  manufactory  of  carriages. 

Em'ison,  a  post-office  of  Knox  oo.,  Ind.,  on  the  Evans- 
ville  A  Crawfordsville  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Vincennes. 
It  has  a  saw-mill  and  general  stores. 

Em'lenton,  a  post-borough  of  Venango  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Alleghany  River,  35  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  If'ranklin, 
and  15  miles  (direct)  S.  of  Oil  City.  It  has  5  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  public  schools,  woollen-mills,  an 
oil-refinery,  engine-works,  a  Hour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  Ac.  Pop. 
in  1880,1140;  in  1890,  1126. 


EmMey,  a  hamlet  of  Osborne  oo.,  Kansas,  35  milos  N. 
of  Russell.     It  has  2  churches. 

Em'ly,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  8  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Tippornry.     Pop.  331,     It  has  ruins  of  a  cathedral. 

Em'ma,  a  post-office  of  White  co..  III.,  on  the  Little 
Wabash  River,  at  Concord. 

Emma,  a  township  of  Harvey  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  354. 

Em'maton,  a  post-hamlet  and  steamboat-landing  of 
Sacramento  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Sacramento  River,  about  30 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Stockton. 

Emmnits,  an  ancient  name  of  Amoas. 

Emmaus,  a  borough  of  Pennsylvania.    See  Emaus. 

Em'maville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co..  Pa.,  33  miles 
W.  of  Chambersburg.  -  It  bus  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

Emmcn,  Uitoss,  groco  dm'm^n,  a  river  of  Switzerland, 
canton  of  Bern,  rises  in  the  Bernese  Oberland,  flows  N., 
and  joins  the  Aar  1^  miles  N.E.  of  Soleuro,  after  a  course 
of  45  miles.  Its  valley,  "  the  Emmenthal,"  is  one  of  the 
finest  in  Switzerland. 

Emmen,  Klein,  kllno  fim'm^n,  a  river  of  Switzerland, 
canton  of  Lucerne,  rises  near  the  source  of  the  above  river, 
and,  after  a  N.E.  course  of  30  miles,  joins  the  Reuss  1  ^  miles        \ 
N.W.  of  Lucerne.  I 

Emmcn,  im'm^n,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Drcnthe, 
30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Groningen.     Pop.  580. 

Emmendingcn,  im'm^n-ding'^n,  a  town  of  Baden, 
on  the  Eltz,  and  on  a  railway,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Freiburg. 
Pop.  3487.     It  has  manufactures  of  paper  and  cotton. 

Emmerich,  drn'm^h-riK^,  or  Emrich,  dm'riK,  a 
town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  49  miles  N.N.W.  of  Dusseldorf, 
on  a  railway,  and  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Rhine.  It  lias  a 
custom-house,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  stulb,  leather, 
hats,  hosiery,  and  soap.     Pop.  8107. 

Em'merton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richmond  co.,  Va.,  5 
miles  S.E.  of  AVarsaw.     It  has  2  churches. 

Emmetsburg.    See  Emmettsdurg. 

Em'mett,  a  northern  county  of  Iowa,  bordering  on 
Minnesota.  Area,  408  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Des  Moines  River,  and  contains  several  small  lakes. 
The  surface  is  undulating;  the  soil  is  fertile.  A  large  por- 
tion of  it  is  prairie.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  and  oats 
are  the  staple  products.  The  county  is  traversed  by  the 
Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  A  Northern  Railroad  and  another 
railroad.  Capital,  Esthorville.  Pop.  in  1870,  1392;  in  1880, 
1550;  in  1890,  4274. 

Emmett,  a  northern  county  of  Michigan,  adjacent  to 
the  Strait  of  Mackinaw.  Area,  438  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  Lake  Michigan,  and  its  outline  is 
indented  by  Little  Traverse  Bay.  'The  surface  is  partly 
covered  with  forests  of  sugar-maple,  Ac;  the  soil  produces 
oats,  potatoes,  grass,  Ac.  It  is  intersected  from  N.  to  S.  by 
the  Grand  Rapids  A  Indiana  Railroad.  Capital,  Harbor 
Springs.     Pop.  in  1870,  1211 ;  in  1880,  6639  ;  in  1S90,  8756. 

Emmett,  a  post-village  of  Nevada  co..  Ark.,  on  the 
Cairo  A  Fulton  Railroad,  41  miles  N.E.  of  Texarkana.  It 
has  3  churches. 

Emmett,  a  post-office  of  San  Benito  co.,  Cal. 

Emmett,  a  post-village  of  Ada  co.,  Idaho,  27  miles  by 
rail  N.N.W.  of  I3ois6  City.  It  has  3  churches,  a  sash-  and 
door-factory,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  125, 

Emmett,  a  post-hamlet  of  Emmett  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
West  Fork  of  the  Des  Moines  River,  6  or  7  miles  N.  of 
Estherville. 

Emmett,  township,  Pottawatomie  co.,  Kan.    Pop.  344. 

Emmett,  a  township  of  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  911. 

Emmett,  or  Emmet,  a  post-village  of  St  Clair  co., 
Mich.,  in  Emmett  township,  18  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Port 
Huron.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  manufactures  of 
bricks,  wagons,  and  cigars.  Pop.  about  300 ;  of  tho  town- 
ship, 1251. 

Emmett,  a  post-hamlet  of  Paulding  co.,  0.,  on  tho 
Wabash  Railroad,  at  Emerald  Station,  11  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Defiance. 

Emmett,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  S.D.,  20  miles 
(direct)  N.  by  W.  of  Elk  Point. 

Emmett,  a  township  of  Dodge  co..  Wis.  Pop.  1248, 
exclusive  of  that  portion  of  the  city  of  Watertown  which 
lies  within  the  township. 

Em'mettsburg,  a  city,  capital  of  Palo  Alto  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Des  Moines  River,  24  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Spencer, 
and  22  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Estherville.  It  has  5 
churches,  3  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  high  school,  St. 
Mary's  Academy,  a  packing-factory,  manufactures  of  bricks, 
mineral  waters,  wagons,  carriages,  and  agricultural  imple- 
ments.    Pop.  in  1880,  879;  in  1890,  1584. 

Emmettsburg,  Maryland.    See  Emmitsbukg. 

Emmettsburg,  a  hamlet  of  Deer  Lodge  co.,  Montana. 


EMM 


1123 


EXC 


Em'mettsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind., 
In  Greene  township.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  67. 
Em'inettville,  a  post-office  of  Ada  co.,  Idaho. 
Emniiganoor,  fim^me-gi-noor',  a  town  of  India,  dis- 
trict of  13ellary.     Pop.  7326. 

Em'mitsburg,  or  Emmcttsburg,  a  post-village 
of  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  is  about  50  miles  W.N.W.  of  Balti- 
more, and  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Gettysburg,  Pa,  It  contains 
5  churches,  Mount  St.  Mary's  College  (Catholic),  a  large 
seminary  conducted  by  the  sisters  of  charity,  and  2  superior 
hotels.  It  has  also  manufactures  of  furniture  and  ma- 
chinery.    Pop.  in  1880,  847;  in  1890,  844. 

Em'mons,  a  township  of  Davidson  co.,  N.C.    P.  1298. 

Em'monsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  N.Y.,  14 
miles  N.E.  of  Little  Falls.     It  has  a  tannery. 

Em'inorton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  about 
25  miles  N.E.  of  Baltimore. 

Eni'ory,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Kains  co.,  Tex.,  23 
miles  by  rail  N.W,  of  Mineola.  It  has  2  churches,  an 
academy,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  353. 

Emory,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Ya.,  on  the 
Atlantic,  Mississippi  &,  Ohio  Railroad,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Abingdon.  It  has  a  money-order  post-office,  and  is  the  seat 
of  Emory  and  Henry  College  (Methodist  Episcopal),  which 
was  founded  in  1838  and  has  a  library  of  13,580  volumes. 

Emory  College,  Georgia.    See  Oxford. 

Emory  Grove,  Baltimore  co.,  Md.    See  Glex  Morris. 

Emoy,  or  Emouy,  a  town  of  China.    See  Amoy. 

Emperor  William's  Land,  a  tract  of  Greenland,  on 
the  E.  coast,  including  Capo  Bismarck,  the  extreme  N.  point 
(lat.  76°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  17°  10'  W.)  reached  in  this  direction. 

Em'peyville,  a  hamlet  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  5  miles  N.E. 
of  Camden.     It  has  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  church. 

Emptiugen,  fimp'fing'^n,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Iloh- 
enzollern,  near  llaigerloch.     Pop.  1495. 

Em'pire,  a  post-village  of  Clear  Creek  co..  Col.,  is  on 
the  Rooky  Mountains,  about  50  miles  W.  of  Denver,  and  3 
miles  N.  of  Georgetown.  It  has  a  hotel  and  smelting-works. 
Gold  and  silver  are  found  here. 

Empire,  a  post-office  of  Dodge  co.,  Ga. 

Empire,  a  post-township  of  McLean  co..  111.  Pop. 
2325.     It  contains  Le  Roy  and  Empire  Station. 

Empire,  a  hamlet  of  Whiteside  co..  III.,  in  Hopkins 
township,  1  mile  from  Gait  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a 
church,  a  iiour-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Empire,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wright  co.,  Iowa,  10  miles 
N.  of  Blairsburg  Railroad  Station.    It  has  a  cheese-factory. 

Empire,  a  township  of  Ellsworth  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
901.  Post-offices,  Bradley  Springs,  Summit  Springs,  Alum 
Creek,  and  Fort  Harker. 

Empire,  a  post-office  of  Plaquemines  parish,  La. 

Empire,  a  post-village  of  Leelanaw  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake 
Michigan,  in  Empire  township,  20  miles  W.  by  N,  of 
Traverse  City.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  and  saw-mills. 
Here  are  forests  of  pine,  sugar-maple,  beech,  <fcc.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  596. 

Empire,  Minnesota,    See  Empire  City. 

Empire,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  0.,  11  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Steuben  ville.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures 
of  bricks  and  sewer-pipes.     Pop.  441. 

Empire,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  W.Va. 

Empire,  a  township  of  Fond  du  Lac  co..  Wis. 

Empire  City,  a  post-town  of  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas,  is 
situated  on  a  hill  6  miles  W,  of  Joplin,  Mo,  It  has  2 
churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  mines  of  lead  and 
zinc.     Pop.  in  1890,  923. 

Empire  City,  a  post-village  of  Dakota  co  ,  Minn.,  in 
Empire  township,  on  the  Hastings  <t  Dakota  Railroa<l,  at 
Auburn  Station,  12  miles  S,W.  of  Hastings.  Pop,  of  the 
township,  482. 

Empire  City,  a  post-village  of  Ormsby  co.,  Nev.,  on 
the  Virginia  <fc  Truckee  Railroad,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Carson 
City.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  327. 

Empire  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Coos  co.,  Ore- 
gon, is  on  Coos  Bay,  about  130  miles  S.S.W.  of  Salem.  It 
has  a  church,  a  town  school,  and  a  saw-mill.  Coal  or  lig- 
nite is  found  near  this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  352. 

Empire  Iron-Works,  a  hamlet  of  Trigg  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Cumberland  River,  10  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Eddyvil'le. 
Hero  are  2  blast-furnaces  for  pig-iron,  and  a  rolling-mill 
which  manufactures  boiler-plate  of  superior  quality. 

Empire  Mines,  a  station  in  Garrett  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Baltimore  <t  Ohio  Railroad,  3  miles  AV.  of  Piedmont,  and 
14  miles  E.  of  Altamont. 

Empire  Prairie,  prS'ree,  a  post-hamlet  of  Andrew 
CO.,  Mo.,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rosendale  Railroad  Station.  It 
has  2  churches. 


Empire  Ranch,  a  village  of  Yuba  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Yuba  River,  16  miles  N.  of  Wheatland  Railroad  Station. 
It  has  2  churches.  Gold-mining  is  the  principal  occupa- 
tion of  the  inhabitants.     Pop,  about  600. 

Empire  Koad,  Maine.    See  East  Poland, 

Empoli,  5m'po-lee  (anc,  Em'pulum?),  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  Tuscany,  20  miles  by  rail  W,  of  Florence,  on  the  Aruo. 
Pop,  5949.     It  has  manufactures  of  straw  hats, 

Empo'ria,  a  city  and  the  capital  of  Lyon  co.,  Kansas, 
in  Emporia  township,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Neosho  River, 
1  or  2  miles  N.  of  the  Cottonwood  River,  61  miles  by  rail 
S.S.W,  of  Topeka,  61  miles  S.E.  of  Junction  City,  and  28 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Burlington.  It  contains  a  court-house, 
several  churches,  4  banks,  a  large  state  normal  school,  2 
colleges,  graded  schools,  a  conservatory  of  music,  a  can- 
ning-factory, a  carriage-  and  wagon-factory,  a  soap-factory, 
<fcc.  Daily  and  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 
It  also  has  a  furniture-factory  and  a  creamery,  Emporia 
is  surrounded  by  fertile  and  undulating  prairies.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  in  1890,  2374;  of  the  city,  7551. 

Emporia,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Greensville  co., 
Va.,  18  miles  (direct)  E.S.E,  of  Lawrence,  and  21  miles 
S.W,  of  Sussex  Court-House,  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a 
graded  school,  a  planing-mill,  a  veneering-factpry,  and  <* 
newspaper  office.     Pop,  595. 

Emporiae,  the  ancient  name  of  Ampurias. 

Emporion,  fim-po're-on,  a  town  on  the  island  of  San- 
torini,  in  the  Grecian  Archipelago. 

Emporium,  the  ancient  name  of  Mazzara. 

Empo'rium,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Cameron  co., 
Pa.,  on  Sinnemahoning  or  Driftwood  Creek,  25  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Port  Allegany,  and  73  miles  N.W.  of  Lock  Haven. 
It  has  6  churches,  a  graded  school,  tanneries,  saw-mills,  and 
an  extensive  trade  in  lumber,  which  is  procured  in  Cameron 
CO.    Two  newspapers  are  published  here.    Pop.  (1890)  2147. 

Emrich,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Emmerich. 

Ems,  §ms  (anc.  Ami'aUt,  or  Avii'sliis),  a  river  of  North- 
western Germany,  rises  in  Westphalia,  N.  of  Paderbom, 
flows  through  Hanover,  and  joins  the  North  Sea  by  an  estu- 
ary between  the  Netherlands  and  East  Friesland,  after  a 
course  of  160  miles.  Near  its  mouth  it  expands  into  a 
basin  called  the  Dollart.  Its  principal  affluents  are  the 
Worse,  llaase,  and  Leda,  and  near  its  banks  are  the  towns 
of  Lingen,  Meppen,  Aschendorf,  and  Emden. 

Ems,  Sms,  or  Bad-Ems,  bid-6ms,  a  town  and  water- 
ing-place of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassau,  on  the  Lahn,  5  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Nassau.  Pop.  5464.  It  is  shut  in  by  hills, 
and  has  a  pleasant  terrace  along  the  Lahn,  with  fine  scenery 
on  the  heights  around  it. 

Emsdetten,  ims'd5t-t§n,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  West- 
phalia, 15  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Miinstcr.     Pop.  1692. 

Ems-IIohen,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Hohkn-Ems, 

Emskirchen,  5ms'keeRK-?n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in 
Middle  Franconia,  on  the  Aurach,  14  miles  by  rail  W,N.W. 
of  Nuremberg,     Pop,  858, 

Ems'worth,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Hants,  on  on 
arm  of  Chichester  harbor,  8i  miles  by  rail  E.N.E,  of  Ports- 
mouth.    Pop,  1824, 

Ems'worth,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago 
Railroad,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
graded  school,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Emtza,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Yemtsa, 

E'mu,  a  town  of  Australia,  in  New  South  Wales,  co,  of 
Cook,  35  miles  W,  by  N,  of  Sydney,     Pop,  600, 

Emu  Bay,  of  Tasmania,  in  Bass's  Strait,  between 
Blackman's  Point  and  Round  Ilill  Point.  Lat.  41°  4' S  • 
Ion,  140°  E. 

Emuck'faw,  a  post-office  of  Tallapoosa  co.,  Ala, 

Em'yvale,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co,  and  5  miles  N,N.E. 
of  Monaghan.     Pop.  424. 

Enara,  4-n.VrS,,  or  Enarc,  d-nl'rd,  a  lake  of  Russian 
Lapland,  lat.  69°  N.,  Ion.  28°  E.  Area,  685  square  miles. 
It  contains  numerous  islands,  and  communicates  with  the 
Arctic  Ocean  by  the  Patsjoki  River.  On  its  W.  shore  is  the 
fishing  village  of  Ennra. 

Enarea,  ^n-^'re-i,  a  country  of  Africa,  in  Abyssinia, 
S.W.  of  Shoa.  and  between  lat.  7°  and  8°  N,  and  Ion.  36° 
and  37°  E.  Exports,  coffee,  slaves,  and  ivory.  Principal 
town,  Sakka, 

Enchant'ed  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-office  of  Coos  co,, 
Oregon,  on  the  Coquilla  River, 

Enchusa,  Netherlands,    See  E.vkhuysen, 

Encinal,  or  Ensinal,  en-se-nll',  a  county  in  the  S. 
part  of  Texas,  has  an  area  of  about  1600  square  miles.  It 
is  partly  drained  by  the  Rio  Nueces,  which  touches  the 
N.E.  part  of  the  county.    The  surface  is  uneven  or  nearly 


ENO 


1124 


ENO 


Itvel ;  the  soil  ii  onoaUiratod,  but  produces  pasture  for 
»be«p.  Two  railroads  traverse  the  "ounty.  Top.  In  1870, 
427;  in  1880,  1902;  in  18VU.  2744. 

Encina-Sola,  tn-thee'n&-8o-l&,  a  town  of  Spain,  00 
miles  N.N.E.  of  lluclva.     Pop.  3U47. 

Enclnitas,  cn-sl-nee'tas,  a  post-village  of  San  Diego 
CO.,  Cal.,  about  20  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  San  Diego.  It 
has  a  church,  a  public  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manu- 
factures of  windmills,  tanks,  <fco.     Pop.  370. 

Encoun'ter  Bar,  i°  South  Australia,  in  lat.  35°  30' 
S.,  Ion.  130°  E. 

Encruzilhada,  (n-kroo>Eec1-y8,'d&,  a  village  and  har- 
bor of  Brncil,  state  of  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  to  the  S.  of  the 
Jacuhy,  50  miles  W.  of  Rio  Pordo.     Pop.  2000. 

Endava,  An-d&'v&,  a  river  of  the  republic  of  Colombia, 
rises  in  lat.  6°  30'  N.,  Ion.  69°  20'  W.,  and,  after  an  E. 
course,  joins  the  Orinoco  near  the  influx  of  the  Meta. 

Ende,  £n'd&,  n  town  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  island  of 
Flores,  in  lat.  8°  62'  S.  and  Ion.  121°  42'  E.  It  has  a  good 
harbor.    The  name  Ende  is  also  given  to  the  whole  island. 

Endeavor  (en-dgv'pr)  Strait,  in  North  Australia,  is 
between  Cape  York  and  Wolf  Island,  E,  of  the  Gulf  of 
Can)cntaria.     Lat.  10°  45'  S.,  Ion.  142°  10'  E. 

Endenich,  4n'd?n-iK\  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Cologne, 
2  miles  W.  of  Ronn,  on  the  Kreuzberg.     Pop.  984. 

En'derbury  Island,  in  tiie  Pacific  (lat.  3°  9'  S.,  Ion. 
171°  8'  W.),  affords  a  good  grade  of  phosphatic  gunno,  and 
has  potable  water,  but  is  without  permanent  inhabitants. 

En'derby  Island,  one  of  the  Auckland  Islands. 

En'derby  liand,  a  large  desolate  island  in  the  Ant- 
arctic Ocean,  crossed  by  the  South  Polar  Circle,  lat.  67°  16' 
S.,  Ion.  49°  47'  E. 

Euderi,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Andkeeva. 

Endermo,  £nMer'mo\  a  port  of  Japan,  on  the  S.  coast 
of  the  island  of  Yesso.     Lat.  42°  20'  N.,  Ion.  141°  6'  E. 

En'dcrs,  a  post-village  of  Dauphin  co.„Pa.,  5  miles  E. 
of  Halifax.    It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Endian,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Hindian. 

Eu'dicott,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co..  Neb.,  59 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Pawnee  City.  It  has  2  churches,  and 
public  schools.    A  fine  fire-clay  is  found  here.     Pop.  256. 

Endingen,  5n'ding-?n,  a  town  of  Raden,  12  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Freiburg.     Pop.  2679. 

En'dor,  a  village  of  Palestine,  18  miles  S.E,  of  Acre, 
on  the  western  declivity  of  Mount  llermon. 

En'dor,  a  post-office  of  Will  co.,  111. 

Endovichtcha,  a  town  of  Russia.  See  Yendovichtsk  a. 

Endred,  fin'drfid',  or  Gross  Andra,  groce  iln'dr&,  a 
village  of  Hungary,  S  miles  from  Oedenburg.     Pop.  860. 

En'drick,  a  river  of  Scotland,  rises  in  the  county  of 
Stirling,  and  flows  through  the  picturesque  valley  of  In- 
nerdale  into  Loch  Lomond. 

En'dr5d%  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Bckcs,  on  the 
Ktiros,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Csaba.     Pop.  of  commune,  8714. 

En'ergy,  a  post-office  of  Howard  co.,  Ind. 

Energy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarke  co.,  Miss. 

Energy,  a  post-office  of  Schuyler  co.,  Mo. 

En'tield,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Middlesex,  at  a 
railway  junction,  10  miles  N.E.  of  London.  It  has  an  an- 
cient church,  with  several  subordinate  chapels,  a  free  school 
founded  in  1413,  a  royal  manufactory  of  small-arms,  and 
remains  of  an  ancient  royal  palace.     Pop.  of  parish,  16,054. 

Enfield,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Moath,  24  miles 
by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Dublin. 

En'field,  a  post-village  of  Hartford  co..  Conn.,  about 
16  miles  N.  of  Hartford,  near  the  east  bank  of  the  Connecti- 
cut River,  here  crossed  by  a  bridge,  and  near  the  New  York, 
New  Haven  &  Hartford  Railroad,  which  passes  through  En- 
field township.  It  has  a  high  school  and  several  churches. 
The  township  contains  villages  named  Thompsonville  and 
Hazardville,  and  has  a  community  of  Shakers.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  in  1890,  7199. 

Enfield,  a  post-village  of  White  co..  III.,  in  Enfield 
township,  20  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Fairfield,  10  miles  by  rail 
W.  of  Carmi,  and  33  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Shawnee- 
towu.  It  has  4  churches,  a  high  school,  saw-mills,  a  bank, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber.  Here  is  a  large  oil-works. 
Pop.  in  1890,  870;  of  the  township,  2108. 

Enfield,  a  station  in  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Daven- 
port &  Northwestern  Railroad,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Fayette. 

Enfield,  a  post-hamlet  in  Enfield  township,  Penobscot 
20.,  Me.,  on  the  European  &  North  American  Railroad,  35 
miles  N.  of  Bangor.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 
The  township  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Penobscot  River. 
Pop.  545. 

Enfield,  a  post-village  of  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Enfield  township,  on  Swift  River,  and  on  the  Springfield, 


Athol  <!b  Northeastern  Railroad,  27  miles  N.N.E.  of  Spring- 
field.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  cassimere  and 
flannel.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1065. 

Enfield,  a  post-village  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  on  the 
Mascoma  Hiver,  in  Enfield  township,  and  on  the  Northern 
Railroad,  59  miles  N.W.  of  Concord.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
tannery,  and  manufactures  of  flannel  and  hosiery.  Thera 
are  several  beautiful  lakes  in  the  township,  which  also  con- 
tains a  community  of  Shakers  and  a  village  named  Enfield 
Centre.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1439. 

Enfield,  a  post-village  of  Halifax  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  Wil- 
mington  &  Weldon  Railroad,  143  miles  N.  of  Wilmington, 
and  10  miles  S.  of  Halifax.  It  has  4  churches,  2  semina- 
ries, and  several  steam  saw-mills.     Pop.  in  189U,  568. 

Enfield,  a  post-village  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  7  miles 
by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Providence.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
co!ton-mill.     Pop.  150, 

Enfield,  a  post-village  of  King  William  co.,  Va.,  12 
miles  (direct)  N.W.  of  Kiog  William  Court-House.  It  has 
lumber-mills  and  saw-mills. 

Enfield  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H., 
on  Mascoma  Lake,  about  50  miles  N.W.  of  Concord.  It 
has  a  church,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  wooUen-fuctory. 

Enfield  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y., 
6  miles  W.  of  Ithaca,  and  about  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Elmira. 
It  has  2  churches  and  2  or  3  stores. 

Enfield  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y., 
5  miles  from  Ithaca.  It  has  a  district  school  and  a  flour- 
mill.  Here  Ten-Mile  Creek  leaps  a  precipice  230  feet  in 
height. 

Engadine,  or  Engadin,  2n-g&-deen',  an  extensive 
valley  of  Switzerland,  in  the  Grisons,  between  two  principal 
chains  of  the  Rhaetian  Alps,  and  consisting  of  the  upper 
valley  of  the  Inn.  Length,  45  miles.  Elevation,  5753  feet 
above  the  sea.  Pop.  9756.  It  is  subdivided  into  the  Ober- 
and  Unter-Engadin.  The  people  mostly  speak  the  Ladin,  a 
dialect  of  the  Romansch  language. 

Engano,  fin-gi'no  (Sp.  EnyaKo,  Sn-gln'yo),  an  island 
off  the  S.AV.  coast  of  Sumatra.  Lat.  6°  21'  S.;  Ion.  102° 
20'  E.     It  is  about  30  miles  in  circuit. 

Engano,  an  island  off  the  N.  coast  of  Papua.  Lat.  2° 
28'  S. ;  Ion.  135°  E.     Length,  15  miles;  breadth,  5  miles. 

Engedi,  fing'gbe-dl,  or  Ain-Jidy,  ain-jid'ee,  an  an- 
cient town  of  Palestine,  on  the  AV.  margin  of  the  Dead  Sea, 
at  a  point  nearly  equidistant  from  both  extremities  of  the 
lake.     Lat.  about  31°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  25°  30'  E. 

Engelberg,  fing'?l-b6itG\  a  village  of  Switzerland,  in 
Unterwalden,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Sarncn,  3284  feet  in  elevation, 
with  a  remarkable  Benedictine  convent.     Pop.  1718. 

En'gclhard,  a  post-office  of  Hyde  co.,  N.C, 

Enselhardszell,  6ng'?l-hlRt*s6l,  a  town  of  Austria, 
28  miles  N.AV.  of  Wels.     Pop.  910. 

Engelholm,  5ng'gh?l-holm\  a  seaport  of  Sweden,  on 
the  Rijnne  Aa,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Cattegat.     Pop.  1739. 

En'gellville,  a  hamlet  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y.,  44  miles 
N.E.  of  Sharon  Springs. 

Engelsberg,  fing'?ls-b5R0\  a  town  of  Austrian  Silesia, 
24  miles  W.N.W.  of  Troppau.     Pop.  2270. 

Engelwood,  or  Englewood,  eng'gh§l-wood,  a  ham- 
let of  Robertson  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  International  A  Great 
Northern  Railroad,  76  miles  S.W.  of  Palestine.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  steam  cotton-gin. 

Engen,  fing'?n,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  tiie  Aach,  23  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Constance.     Pop.  1601. 

Engenho-do-Matto,  fin-zb5n'yo-do-mdt'to,  a  village 
of  Brazil,  province  of  Minas-Geraes,  140  miles  N.W.  of  Rio 
Janeiro.  It  contains  a  parish  church  which  stands  2416 
feet  above  sea-level.     Pop.  3000. 

Enger,  ftng'^r,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  18 
miles  S.AV.  of  Minden.  In  its  church  is  a  monument  to  the 
Saxon  chieftain  Wittekind.    Pop.  1537. 

Engcrs,  Sng'^rs,  Eunostein  Engers,  oi'no-stlne* 
ing'§rs,  or  Zoll  Engers,  tsoll  5ng'§rs,  a  village  of  Prus- 
sia, 5  miles  N.E.  of  Coblcntz,  on  the  Rhine.  It  has  a  cas- 
tle, with  a  fine  botanical  garden  and  park.     Pop.  1747. 

Enghien,  a  village  of  France.    See  Montmorency. 

Enghien,  flNo^ghe-&N»',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut, 
at  a  railway  junction,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Mons.  It  has  a 
chateau,  with  a  park  and  gardens,  a  gymnasium,  and  manu- 
factures of  linen  and  cotton  fabrics.     Pop.  38.')0. 

Enghien-les-Bains,6s<>'ghe-&N<''-li-biv,  atown  of 
France,  Seine-et-Oise,  9  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Paris.    P.  1200. 

Engia,  a  corrupt  spelling  of  iEciXA  (which  see). 

En^gineer'  Mountain,  Colorado,  is  in  lat.  37°  42' 
N.,  Ion.  107°  48'  12"  W.  It  has  an  altitude  of  12,971  feet 
above  sea-level.  It  is  mainly  formed  of  volcanic  rocks, 
including  trachyte.    Two  of  its  sides  are  verv  steep. 


ENG 


1125 


ENG 


England,  ing'gland  (L.  An'glin  ;  Fr.  Angleterre,  6no*- 
rtain' ;  It.  Infjhilterr'a,  in-ghil-tfin'Rfl, ;  Sp.  and  Port.  Ingla- 
tcrra,  ing-gli-tju'ui;  Oer.  Emjlnnd,  fing'lint;  Dutch,  En- 
geland,  ing'ii?-lint'),  the  southern  and  hirger  section  of  the 
island  of  Great  Britain,  and  the  most  important  of  the  three 
kin<'doms  constituting  the  British  empire,  between  lat.  49° 
57'  "42"  and  55°  46'  N.  and  Ion.  1°  40'  E.  and  5°  42'  W. 
The  northern  boundary,  between  it  and  Scotland,  is  consti- 
tuted by  the  Sol  way  Firth  and  the  river  Sark  on  the  west, 
then  by  a  line  to  the  point  where  the  Liddell  falls  into  the 
Esk,  thence  by  the  Liddell  eastward  and  upwards  till  it  is 
struck  by  the  Cheviots,  then  by  the  watershed  of  that  range 
till  they  sink  into  the  valley  of  the  Tweed,  and  finally  by 
the  Tweed  till  it  falls  into  the  sea.  On  all  other  sides  Eng- 
land is  washed  by  the  sea.  (See  Great  Britain.)  Its 
coast-line  is  irregular,  being  much  indented  by  a  continu- 
ous scries  of  bays,  estuaries,  and  headlands,  so  that  although 
measured  from  headland  to  headland  its  coast-line  is  only 
1200  miles,  if  the  curves  of  its  inner  indentations  are  fol- 
lowed the  measurement  amounts  to  2000  miles.  Its  gen- 
eral shape  is  that  of  a  triangle,  of  which  the  base  is  the 
southern  coast  from  Land's  End  to  South  Foreland,  and 
the  apex  Berwick.  Length,  from  Portland  Bill  to  Berwick, 
363  miles;  greatest  breadth,  viz.,  from  North  Foreland  to 
Land's  End,  320  miles.  Area,  50,879  square  miles,  or  about 
five-ninths  of  the  island  of  Great  Britain.  With  the  ex- 
ception of  Belgium,  England  and  Wales  constitute  the 
most  thickly  peopled  country  in  Europe,  the  average  to  a 
square  mile  being  about  540.  In  1801  the  pop.  of  England 
was  9,156,171;  in  1891,  27,482,104,  giving  an  increase  of 
more  than  250  per  cent.  The  following  table  exhibits  the 
area  in  square  miles,  and  the  population,  of  each  of  the  40 
counties  of  England  in  1891,  exclusive  of  army  and  navy: 


C!ountles. 


Bedrordsliire 

Berkshire 

Buckinghamshire 

CaiiiliridgosUire 

Cheshire 

Cornwall 

Cnmberlaud 

Derbyshire 

Devonshire 

Doi'sctshire 

Durham 

£sse.x 

Gloucestershire 

Ilorefordshire 

Ilertfurdshlre 

Iliintingduushire 

Kent 

Laucashire 

Leicestershire 

Lincolnshire 

Middlesex 

Monmouthshire- 

Norfolk 

Northamptonshire 

Kortlmniberland 

Nottinghamsliire 

Oxfordshire 

Rutlandsliire 

Sliropshire  (Salop) 

Somersetshire 

Southaniptuushire  ") 

(Hampshire  or  >■ 

Uants).  J 

Staflordshire 

Buffolk 

Surrey 

Sussex 

Warwickshire 

Westmoreland 

Wiluhire 

Worcestershire 

Torkshire 

Kast  Biding 

North  Hiding 

West  Hiding  (inclu-) 
ding  the  city  of  York,  f 

Total 


Area  in 
sq.  miles. 


461 
7U3 
650 
822 
1,107 

1,.359 
1,510 
1,026 
2,586 
980 
1,012 
1,049 
1,253 

833 

on 

359 
1,570 
1,905 


803 

2,776 

281 

576 

2,116 

986 

2,016 

822 

739 

148 

1,314 

1,636 

1,613 

1,145 

1,485 

755 

1,466 


758 

1,362 

738 

1,173 
2,128 

2,766 


60,879 


Pop. 
(1891). 


100,729 
238,440 
IS.-),  190 
18S,862 
7311,052 

322,589 
200,5.50 
527,880 
6:!I,7fi7 
194,487 
1,010,449 
785,399 
599,974 

115,986 

220,125 

67,772 

1,142,281 

3,920,798 


373,693 

472,778 
3,251,703 

690,080 
252,200 
456,474 
.302,181 
5(10,090 
445,f99 
185,938 
20,059 
230,321 

484,320 

1,083,273 

369,351 

1,730,871 

550,442 

805,070 

60,09<< 
264,909 
413,755 


399,412 
308,237 


2,441,164 


27,482,104 


County  and 
chief  towns. 


Bedford. 

Beading. 

Aylesluiry. 

Caniliridgo. 

Chester    (Stock- 
port). 

Bodmin. 

Carlisle. 

Derby. 

Kxetor. 

Dorchester. 

Durham. 

Chelmsford. 

Gloucester 
(Bristol). 

Hereford. 

Hertford. 

Huntingdon. 

Maidstone. 

Lancaster 
(Manchester 
&  Liverpool). 

Leicester. 

Ijincoln. 

Brentford  (Lon- 
don). 

Monmontli. 

Norwich. 

Northampton. 

Newcastle. 

Nottingham. 

Oxford. 

Oakham. 

Shrewsbury. 

Bath. 
(■Winchester 

-<  (Portsmouth, 
(Southampton) 

Staftbrd  (Wol- 
verhampton). 

Ipswich. 

Guildford. 

Chichester 
(Brighton). 

Warwick  (Bir- 
mingham). 

Appleby. 

Salisbury. 

Worcester. 

York. 

Beverly  (Ilnll). 

Northallerton. 
( Leeils  (Shef- 

■{     field,  Biud- 
i    ford). 


For  extent  and  population  of  Welsh  counties,  see  Wales. 


An  account  of  the  physical  features,  geology,  manufao 
tures  and  commerce,  army  and  navy,  and  details  afi"ecting 
imperial  interests,  may  be  found  under  Great  Britai.v. 

Agriculture. — Agriculture  has  attained  high  eminence 
in  some  districts  of  England,  especially  in  the  N.  and  E. 
counties ;  in  many  parts,  particularly  in  the  W.,  it  is  back- 
ward. Wheat  is  the  principal  crop,  especially  in  the  E. 
and  S.E.  counties;  barley  is  raised  chiefly  in  the  central 
counties,  and  oats  in  the  N.,  though  cultivated  more  or 
less  in  all  parts  of  the  country.  Peas,  beans,  potatoes,  and 
turnips  are  the  crops  next  in  importance.  Kye  and  buck- 
wheat are  not  extensively  cultivated;  rape,  flax,  hemp,  and 
mangel-wurzel  only  in  certain  parts.  Hops  are  nearly  con 
fined  to  Kent,  Herefordshire,  and  the  Vicinity  of  Farn- 
ham,  in  Surrey,  the  number  of  acres  under  this  crop  being 
about  66,000.  Near  the  large  towns  the  ground  is  com- 
monly laid  out  in  market-gardens,  and  in  Bedfordshire  an 
extensive  district  is  appropriated  to  growing  vegetables  for 
the  London  market.  In  the  S.W.  counties  large  quantities 
of  apples  are  grown,  and  Devon  and  Hereford  are  famous 
for  cider.  Perry  is  made  chiefly  in  Worcestershire,  and 
mead  in  many  of  the  counties  contiguous  to  AVales.  The 
grape  does  not  succeed  so  as  to  produce  wine,  beer  and  alo 
being  the  national  beverages.  The  Durham  or  Short-horned, 
Devon,  Hereford,  Jersey,  and  Alderney  are  the  most  noted 
breeds  of  cattle.  Butter  is  an  important  product  in  Essex, 
Cambridgeshire,  and  Dorset;  cheese  in  Cheshire,  Gloucester, 
Wilts,  Somersetshire,  Ac.  The  total  annual  produce  of  wool 
in  England  has  been  estimated  at  470,000  packs  of  240 
pounds  each  (upwards of  1,000,000  hundred-weight).  Swine 
are  very  generally  kept,  and  are  numerous  in  the  forest- 
lands  of  Hants,  Berks,  Gloucester,  and  Hereford,  the  number 
being  nearly  2,000,000.  Geese  are  raised  largely,  especially 
in  the  Lincoln  fens,  for  the  London  market.  Poultry  is 
universal. 

England  is  generally  well  wooded,  and  62,620  acres  of 
royal  forest  lands  are  enclosed  for  the  growth  of  timber. 
The  New  Forest  in  Hampshire,  the  forests  of  Epping  (Essex), 
Sherwood  (Kent),  and  Dean  (Gloucester),  are  among  the 
largest;  but  the  oak  grows  to  the  greatest  perfection  in  the 
wealds  of  Sussex,  Surrey,  and  Kent,  many  parts  of  which 
have  remained  wooded  ever  since  the  time  of  the  llomans. 

Religion  and  Ednmttioiu — The  established  church  of  Eng- 
land is  the  Protestant  Ejiiscopal,  but  the  most  perfect  toler- 
ation is  granted  to  all  creeds.  The  sovereign  is  the  head 
of  the  churchy  having  right  to  nominate  to  bishoprics  and 
archbishoprics.  The  church  is  governed  by  2  archbishops 
and  29  bishops,  besides  several  suffragan  and  coadjutant 
bishops,  and  has  12,837  parishes  or  benefices,  in  each  of 
which  there  is  a  church,  presided  over  by  a  rector  or  vicar, 
who  holds  the  living.  Of  clergymen  of  every  degree  con- 
nected with  the  established  church  the  number  is  about 
23,000.  The  Episcopal  population  of  England  and  Wales 
is  estimated  at  13,500,000,  leaving  about  11,000,000  to 
other  creeds.  Among  Protestant  dissenters  the  most  prom- 
inent bodies  are  the  Methodists,  Independents,  and  Baptist.s. 
The  Metliodists  possess  alone  9000  places  of  worship,  the 
Independents  3500,  and  the  Baptists  2000.  The  Roman 
Catholics  are  estimated  at  2,000,000,  with  1039  chapels  and 
1810  clergymen,  presided  over  by  1  archbishop  (Westmin- 
ster) and  12  bishops.  There  are  altogether  122  religious 
denominations,  whose  names  have  been  given  in  to  the 
registrar-general. 

Episcopally,  England  and  Wales  are  divided  into  2  arch- 
bishoprics,— Canterbury  and  York.  The  Archbishop  of  Can- 
terbury is  primate  and  metropolitan  of  all  England,  and 
crowns  the  monarch,  whether  king  or  queen.  The  Arch- 
bishop of  York  is  styled  primate  and  metropolitan  of  Eng- 
land, and  crowns  the  queen-consort.  The  income  of  the 
former  is  £15,000  (about  $75,000)  a  year;  of  the  latter, 
£10,000  (about  $50,000).  The  doctrines  of  the  church  are 
embodied  in  the  Thirty-Nine  Articles,  and,  having  been 
ratified  by  Parliament,  cannot  be  changed  without  its  con- 
sent. The  average  yearly  income  of  its  clergy  is  about 
£300  ($1500),  livings  varying  from  upwards  of  £2000 
($10,000)  down  to  £50  ($250). 

At  the  head  of  the  educationjil  system  of  England  stand 
the  ancient  national  universities  of  Oxford  and  Cambridge, 
two  of  the  most  celebrated  institutions  in  the  world.  They 
are  almost  exclusively  for  the  wealthier  classes,  and,  till  a 
recent  period,  only  for  members  of  the  Church  of  England. 
Prominent  among  the  institutions  of  learning  are  the  Uni- 
versities of  Durham  and  London,  and  Kings  College,  Lon- 
don, all  of  which  have  the  power  of  granting  degrees.  In 
addition  there  are  throughout  the  country  several  collegiate 
institutions,  with  professional  staflTs  of  high  eminence,  a* 
Owen's  College,  Manchester,  University  College,  Aberystwith, 


ENQ 


1136 


ENG 


kt.  Besides  there  are  numerous  tboologtoal  colleges  or  semi- 
anrie*,  attnohed  to  wost  of  which  are  professors  in  the  fncul- 
tiei  of  arts  and  philosophy.  The  Church  of  England  alone 
has  U  such  sciuinaries.  There  are  many  collogcs  and  in- 
stitutions for  iuipiirting  professional  or  technical  training. 
At  the  head  of  these  sUuida  the  South  Kensington  School 
and  Museum  for  tho  promotion  of  science  and  art,  which 
rooeives  an  annual  grunt  from  government  amounting  to 
about  £300,UU0.  Lectures  on  art,  Ac,  are  regularly  de- 
Hverod,  and  its  museum  is  nnrivalled  as  an  adjunct  to  a 
teehni(»l  school.  It  comprises  (1)  the  Art  Museum,  (2)  tho 
India  Museum,  (.S)  vnrious  science  collections,  and  exten- 
sive art  and  science  libraries.  The  Royal  College  of  Physi- 
cians and  the  Kuyal  College  of  Surgeons  (London)  ore 
world-renowned,  as  are  also  the  School  of  Mines  and  the 
Royal  Institution  (London).  The  latter  became  famed 
under  Young,  Davy,  nnd  Faraday,  maintaining  its  celebrity 
under  Tyndall  and  lluxley.  There  are  royal  military  acad- 
emies at  Woolwich  nnd  Sandhurst,  a  royal  naval  college  at 
Greenwich,  and  an  agricultural  college  at  Cirencester. 

At  the  head  of  secondary  education  stand  the  great  public 
schools, — notably  Eton,  llurrow,  Rugby,  and  Marlborough. 
These  schools  are  richly  endowed,  and  have  long  had  a  high 
repute  for  classical  training.  Their  expense,  however,  do- 
bars  all  but  tho  wealthy  from  them.  For  tho  middle  classes 
there  are  numerous  grammar-schools  (mostly  ancient  and 
well  endowed)  and  private  seminaries. 

England  has  not  yet  adopted  a  directly  compulsory  system 
of  education,  but  tho  act  of  1870  attempts  to  attain  the  same 
ends  indirectly  by  enacting  that  no  child  shall  be  employed 
unless  ho  has  received  education,  that  there  shall  bo  pro- 
vided in  every  school  district  a  sufficient  amount  of  accom- 
modation in  public  elementary  schools  for  all  the  children 
resident  in  it,  and  that  all  children  whose  parents  are  unable 
to  pay  sliall  be  taught  free,  the  expenses  to  be  provided  from 
local  rates.  The  school  boards  have  the  power  of  making 
parents  give  education  to  all  children  between  5  and  13. 
The  present  school  system  of  England  is  one  of  considerable 
efficiency  and  of  great  promise,  tho  schools  being  sustained 
partly  by  public  and  private  grants  and  partly  by  local 
taxation. 

Judicial  Si/item. — England  has  no  legal  code.  The  whole 
body  of  its  laws  may  be  divided  into  two  classes, — those 
based  on  immemorial  usage,  and  those  springing  from  par- 
liamentary enactment.  Of  these  the  former  has  taken  far 
deeper  root  in  the  national  life  than  tho  latter.  The  courts 
of  law  fall  into  two  divisions, — those  of  common  law  and 
those  of  equity.     In   the   latter  courts  no  juries  are  em- 

Eloycd;  and  though  governed,  like  those  of  common  law, 
y  precedent,  their  modes  of  procedure  are  less  technical 
and  their  forms  of  remedy  simpler  and  more  diverse. 
The  courts  of  common  law  comprise  tho  Queen's  Bench, 
Common  Pleas,  and  Exchequer, — all  for  tho  trial  of  civil 
cases,  it  being  left  to  suitors  to  select  before  which  their 
suits  shall  come;  also  the  Courts  of  Probate,  Divorce,  and 
Matrimonial  Causes.  Tho  courts  of  equity  comprise  the 
Courts  of  the  Lord  Chancellor,  the  Lords  Justices  of  Appeal 
and  the  three  Vice-Chancellors,  and  the  Courts  of  Appeal 
of  the  County  Palatine  of  Lancashire.  The  effect  of  the 
legislation  of  1874  and  1876  is  that  there  is  now  one  su- 
preme court  of  judicature,  consisting  of  two  permanent 
divisions,  called  the  High  Court  of  Justice  and  the  Court 
of  Appeal.  The  former  takes  jurisdiction  of  the  Court  of 
Chancery,  the  three  Common-Law  Courts,  the  Courts  of 
Admiralty,  Probate,  and  Divorce,  and  the  Courts  of  Pleas 
at  Lancaster  and  Durham,  as  well  as  the  courts  created  by 
Commission  of  Assize.  The  latter  takes  jurisdiction  of  the 
Court  of  Appeal  in  Chancery,  the  Court  of  the  Exchequer, 
and  the  appellate  jurisdiction  in  admiralty  and  heresy  mat- 
ters. Tho  High  Court  of  Appeal  consists  of  the  Lord  High 
Chancellor,  the  Lord  Chief-Justice  of  England,  the  Master  of 
the  Rolls,  the  Lord  Chief-Justice  of  the  Common  Pleas,  and 
the  Lord  Chief-Baron  of  tho  Exchequer  as  ex-officio  mem- 
bers, with  six  Lords-Justices  as  ordinary  members.  By  act 
of  1876,  the  House  of  Lords,  as  final  court,  sits  for  tho  three 
kingdoms  for  the  hearing  of  appeals  from  the  English  Court 
of  Appeal  and  the  Scotch  and  Irish  courts.  The  Lords 
of  Appeal  are  the  Lord  Chancellor,  the  Lords  in  appeal  in 
ordinary,  and  peers  who  have  held  high  judicial  office  in 
Great  Britain  and  Ireland.  The  criminal  courts  are :  (1.) 
That  of  Justice  of  Peace,  sitting  singly  or  in  petty  sessions 
of  two  or  more  justices.  In  populous  districts  stipendiary 
magistrates  are  now  substituted  for  these  courts.  (2.)  The 
justices  sitting  in  Quarter  Sessions  to  determine  felonies 
and  other  offences.  In  boroughs  this  court  is  presided  over 
by  the  recorder.  (3.)  More  serious  offences  are  reserved  for 
the  judges  of  the  superior  courts,  sitting  under  a  commission 


of  oyer  and  terminer  and  jail  delivery,  nnd  called  Assist 
Courts.  The  Court  of  Queen's  Bench,  as  representing  the 
ancient  Aula  lietjit  (King's  Council),  combines  tho  func- 
tions of  a  civil  and  criminal  court,  and  has  a  general  super- 
intendence over  all  courts  of  criminal  jurisdiction. 

Jliitory. — Tho  proper  history  of  England  begins  in  tho 
fifth  century,  when  the  Britons  called  on  certain  Teutonio 
confederations  dwelling  on  tho  North  Sea  and  tho  Baltic, 
and  known  as  Jutes,  Saxons,  and  Angles,  for  aid  in  repel- 
ling the  inroads  of  the  Picts  and  Scots  living  north  of  lla- 
drinn's  wall.  We  learn  little  of  the  contest  between  these 
Teutons  and  the  northern  Kelts.  We  know  only  that  after 
clearing  the  country  of  them  they  turned  upon  tho  Britons 
themselves,  and  driving  them  from  the  more  fertile  dis- 
tricts formed  settlements  therein.  The  Jutes  occupied  Kent 
and  the  Isle  of  Wight;  the  Saxons  tho  remainder  of  tho 
district  lying  south  of  the  Thames  and  Essex ;  nnd  tho 
Angles  the  rest  of  the  eastern  and  inland  parts  of  the  country 
as  far  north  as  tho  Firth  of  Forth.  The  ancient  Britons 
were  left  only  Wales,  Cornwall,  Cumberland,  and  tho  south- 
west of  Scotland.  Each  of  these  Teutonic  peoples  consisted 
of  many  tribes,  each  under  its  own  chief,  who  was  in  time 
of  peace  practically  independent.  Gradually  these  smaller 
tribes  coalesced  into  seven  or  eight  greater  states  or  na- 
tions, to  which  the  name  of  tho  Heptarchy  has  been  given. 
Rivalries  broke  out  among  these  nations,  nnd  intestine 
divisions  raged  till  827,  when  Egbert,  King  of  Wessox, 
was  declared  overlord  of  all  tho  country,  which  now  re- 
ceived tho  name  of  Angelcyn,  which  may  be  rendered 
England.  Previous  to  this,  in  the  seventh  century,  all  the 
land  had  become  Christian,  mainly  through  the  labors  of 
St.  Augustine  and  of  Irish  nnd  Scottish  mij-sionaries.  The 
early  part  of  the  reign  of  tho  illustrious  Alfred  (871-901) 
was  spent  in  continual  and  ultimately  successful  struggles 
against  tho  heathen  Danes,  who  had  made  settlements  on 
the  east  coast  and  strove  to  extend  their  sway  over  Wessex, 
To  Alfred  is  to  be  attributed  the  establishment  of  order  on 
tho  basis  of  constitutional  law.  llis  virtues,  his  wisdom, 
his  piety,  his  literary  acquirements,  and  his  glorious 
achievements  have  earned  for  him  the  title  of  "tho  (Jrcat." 
Under  the  reign  of  his  grandson,  Edred  (946-55),  the  Danes 
were  quelled,  and  Northumberland,  as  far  north  as  tho 
Forth,  was  incorporated  with  the  rest  of  the  country,  so 
that  now  for  the  first  time  a  kingdom  of  England  was 
formed.  But  the  Scandinavians  did  not  remain  long 
quiescent.  In  tho  reign  of  jEthelred  tho  Unready,  they 
renewed  their  piratical  incursions,  and  ultimately  Sweyn, 
King  of  Denmark  (1014),  came  in  person,  compelled  ^th- 
clred  to  take  refuge  in  Normandy,  and  ascended  the  empty 
throne,  thus  founding  a  Danish  dynastj'.  Four  Danish 
kings  reigned  in  England, — Sweyn,  Canute,  Harold  Hare- 
foot,  and  Hardicanute.  On  the  death  of  the  last,  who  had 
rendered  himself  infamous,  the  English  people  returned  to 
their  native  dj-nast}',  and  elected  Edward  the  Confessor, 
son  of  the  late  vEthelred,  as  their  king.  Edward's  death 
initiated  one  of  the  greatest  events  in  English  history.  Two 
claimants  to  the  throne  appeared, — Harold,  his  brother-in- 
law,  and  AVilliam,  Duke  of  Normandy,  to  whom  the  throne 
had  been  bequeathed  by  Edward.  At  the  decisive  battle 
of  Hastings  (1060),  Harold  was  slain,  and  his  army  of 
Englishmen  destroyed.  William  the  Conqueror  thereupon 
assumed  the  sovereignty.  His  court  was  filled  with  his 
Norman  followers,  among  whom  much  of  the  land  of  Eng- 
land was  distributed,  while  Norman-French  became  the 
language  of  the  court,  of  law-proceedings,  and  of  the  schools. 
William  retained  his  French  possessions,  and  on  this  was 
based  England's  claim  to  French  territory,  the  cause  of  long 
and  bloody  wars.  The  famed  dynasty  of  the  Plantagcncts 
commenced  after  the  death  of  Henry,  the  son  of  the  Con- 
queror, in  1135,  with  the  reign  of  Ilenry  of  Anjou,  son  of 
the  late  king's  daughter  by  Geoffrey  Plantngcnet.  His 
reign  was  mainly  a  long  struggle  against  the  growing  power 
of  the  clergy,  culminating  in  the  murder  of  r.eckct.  Arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury,  It  is  marked,  too,  by  the  conquest  of 
the  Irish  pale  in  1170.  Richard  the  Lion-hearted,  Henry's 
son,  devoted  himself  almost  wholly  to  foreign  war  in  the 
Holy  Land  and  France.  He  was  slain  at  the  siege  of 
Chains,  1199,  and  was  succeeded,  not  by  his  son,  but  by  his 
brother  John,  who  murdered  his  nephew  and  usurped  the 
crown.  During  John's  reign,  England  lost  nearly  all  her 
French  dominions  ;  but  his  very  weakness  became  a  boon  to 
the  country,  for  the  nobles  extorted  from  it  at  Runnymede 
(1215)  the  Magna  Charta,  which  has  been  well  styled  the 
charter  of  English  liberty.  Edward  I.  signalized  his  reign 
by  the  conquest  of  Wales  (1282),  and  he  struggled  strenu- 
ously and  almost  successfully  to  establish  the  suzerainty 
of  England  over  Scotland.    In  1305  be  barbarously  mur- 


ENG 


1127 


ENK 


derod  the  Scottish  patriot  and  leader,  Wallace.  At  Ban- 
nockburn  (1314),  King  Robert  Bruce  utterly  routed  the 
great  army  of  Edward  II.,  and  established  the  independence 
of  Scotland.  The  reign  of  Edward  III.  was  characterized  by 
determined  efforts  to  conquer  France,  the  throne  of  which 
he  claimed  in  virtue  of  his  mother.  Ilis  campaigns  were 
rendered  illustrious  by  the  victories  won  by  his  son,  the 
Black  Prince,  at  Crecy  and  Poictiors.  llichard  II.,  Edward's 
grandson,  was  driven  from  his  throne  by  Henry  Bolingbroke, 
Duke  of  Lancaster,  who  assumed  the  sovereignty  under  the 
title  of  Henry  IV.,  and  laid  the  foundation  of  the  fierce 
struggles  between  the  houses  of  York  and  Lancaster,  known 
as  the  Wars  of  the  Roses.  In  this  reign  the  fires  of  perse- 
cution were  lighted  against  the  Lollards  and  Wickliffites. 
The  victory  of  Agincourt  distinguished  the  reign  of  Henry 
V.  He  was  succeeded  by  his  infant  son,  Henry  VI.  During 
his  reign  began  the  Wars  of  the  Roses,  which  desolated 
England  for  30  years  (1455-85),  sacrificing  eighty  princes  of 
the  blood-royal  and  the  larger  proportion  of  the  old  nobil- 
ity. It  was  brought  to  a  close  by  the  victory  gained  over 
Richard  III.  at  Bosworth  (1485)  by  Henry,  Duke  of  Rich- 
mond, who,  in  virtue  of  his  wife,  united  the  claims  of  both 
houses.  He  was  the  founder  of  the  Tudor  dynasty.  The  inter- 
est in  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.  centres  in  the  contest  between 
(the  crown  of  England  and  the  see  of  Rome,  which,  in  the 
reign  of  Henry's  successor,  Edward  VI.,  eventuated  in  the 
fcformal  renunciation  by  England  of  the  authority  of  Rome, 
:  nnd  the  adoption  of  the  principles  of  the  Reformation,  as 
^embodied  in  the  Forty-Two  Articles  of  1548.  In  the  reign 
of  his  sister  Mary,  commonly  called  "  Bloody  Mary,"  an 
attempt  was  made  to  undo  the  work  of  the  Reformation. 
Parliament  re-established  the  supremacy  of  the  Pope,  and 
the  fires  of  persecution  were  lighted,  Bishops  Hooper, 
Latimer,  Ridley,  and  Cranincr  being  among  the  sufferers. 
These  horrors  turned  the  minds  of  the  people  further  from 
Rome,  and  the  accession  of  the  Protestant  Elizabeth  was 
hailed  as  a  relief  to  the  nation.  Her  reign  was  signalized 
by  the  defeat  of  the  Spanish  Armada  (15SS),  but  sullied  by 
her  cruelty  to  her  unfortunate  relative,  Mary  Queen  of  Scots. 
Elizabeth  died  in  1603.  Under  her  successor,  James  VI. 
of  Scotland  and  I.  of  Great  Britain,  the  history  of  England 
passes  into  that  of  Great  BRiTAi>f  (which  see). 

England,  ing'gland,  a  post-village  of  Lonoke  cc,  Ark., 
31  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Pine  Bluff.     It  has  4  churches. 

Engle's  (Sng'gl'z)  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Garrett  co., 
Md.,  about  30  miles  W.  of  Cumberland.  It  has  a  grist-mill 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Englewood,  §ng'gh§l-wood,  a  former  post-village  of 

rtCook  CO.,  III.,  now  incorporated  with  the  city  of  Chicago, 

'  7  miles  S.  of  Chicago  Post-Ofiice,  2  or  3  miles  from  Lake 

Michigan,  and  on  the  Michigan  Southern   and  Chicago, 

Rock  Island  <k  Pacific  Railroads  where  the  latter  crosses 

>the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  k  Chicago  Railroad.     Engle- 

wood  has  4  churches,  a  high  school,  the  Cook  County  Nor- 

i.mal  School,  organized  in  1867,  a  bank,  and  a  public  park. 

Englewood,  a  post-village  of  Clark  co.,  Kansas,  36 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Ashland.  It  has  a  church,  a  public 
'  school,  and  a  newspaper  ofiice.     Pop.  200. 

Englewood,  a  post-village  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  14  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  New  York,  and  1  mile  W.  of  the  Palisades  of 
the  Hudson.  It  has  a  classical  institute  and  a  newspaper 
■office.     Englewood  township  has  5  churches. 

Englewood  (6ng'gh§l-wood)  For'est,  a  wide  moor 
tin  England,  co.  of  Cumberland,  near  Carlisle. 

English,  ing'glish,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co.,  Ind., 
40  miles  by  rail  W.  of  New  Albany.  It  has  a  church, 
I  a  graded  school,  a  shingle-factory,  a  stave-,  saw-,  and 
[planing-mill,  and  a  newspaper  ofiice.     Pop.  423. 

English,  a  township  of  Lucas  co.,  Iowa,  6  miles  N.  of 
Chariton,  the  county  seat.     Pop.  740. 

English,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Ky.,  is  at  Carroll- 
ton  Station,  50  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Louisville. 

English,  a  post-hamlet  of  Menominee  co.,  Mich.,  is  at 
-Kloman  Station  on  the  Chicago  &,  Northwestern  Railroad, 
1 89  miles  N.  of  Menominee.  Here  are  charcoal-works. 
English  Bazaar,  a  town  of  India.  See  Angrazabad. 
English  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa., 
in  Pine  township,  on  Little  Pine  Creek,  about  21  miles 
N.W.  of  Williamsport.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  a 
large  tannery,  and  2  lumber-mills. 

English  Channel  (Fr.  Ln  Manche,  IS,  mftssh,  i.e., 
"the  sleeve,"  so  named  from  its  shape),  that  portion  of  the 
Atlantic  which  separates  Great  Britain  from  France,  ex- 
tending from  Dover  Strait  to  Land's  End,  Cornwall.  Width 
at  Dover,  20  miles;  at  Land's  End,  102  miles;  greatest 
width,  155  miles. 
English  Company's  Islands,  a  group  off  the  N. 


coast  of  Australia,  40  miles  N.W,  of  Cape  Amhem.  Lat.  12' 
10'  S.;  Ion.  136°  35'  E. 

English  Cove,  a  bay  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  New  Ire- 
land, in  the  Pacific.     Lat.  4°  54'  S.;  Ion.  152°  35'  E. 

English  Cove,  a  small  fishing  settlement  on  the  north 
side  of  Conception  Bay,  Newfoundland,  3  miles  from  Brigus. 

English  Creek,  Marion  co.,  Iowa,  runs  N.E.,  and 
enters  theDes  Moines  River  about  10  miles  E.  of  Kno.wille. 

English  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Atlantic  co.,  N.J., 
15  miles  S.W.  of  Absecon.     It  has  2  churches. 

English  Har'bor,  a  post-town  on  the  S.  coast  of  An- 
tigua, AVest  Indies,  1  mile  from  Falmouth.  Lat.  17°  3'  N.; 
Ion.  61°  45'  W.  The  port  is  small,  but  deep  enough  for 
large  ships.  It  has  a  fine  dock-yard,  but  has  greatly  declined. 

English  Harbor,  a  fishing  station  on  the  French 
shore,  Newfoundland,  at  the  entrance  of  Canada  Bay,  45 
miles  from  La  Scie.     Pop.  68. 

English  Harbor,  a  fishing  village  on  the  north  side  of 
Trinity  Bay,  Newfoundland,  7  miles  from  Trinity.     P.  350. 

English  Harbor,  a  small  fishing  settlement  in  the  dis- 
trict of  Bonavista,  Newfoundland,  on  Green's  Pond  Island, 
1  mile  from  Green's  Pond.     Pop.  78. 

English  Harbor,  in  Central  America,  Costa  Rica,  on 
the  Pacific.     Lat.  8°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  83°  55'  W. 

English  Harbor  East,  a  small  fishing  settlement 
on  the  north  side  of  Fortune  Bay,  Newfoundland,  54  miles 
from  Harbor  Briton.     Pop.  100. 

English  Harbor  West,  a  post-town  and  port  of  entry 
in  the  district  of  Fortune  Bay,  Newfoundland,  4  miles  from 
Bellcorem.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  large  herring-  and  cod 
fishery.     Pop.  210. 

English  Lake,  Indiana,  is  an  expansion  of  the  Kan- 
kakee River,  and  is  part  of  the  boundary  between  La  Porte 
and  Starke  cos.     It  is  12  miles  long  or  more. 

English  Lake,  a  post- village  of  Starke  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Kankakee  River,  at  the  foot  of  English  Lake,  and  on 
the  Columbus  &  Chicago  division  of  the  Pittsburg,  St, 
Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  by  S.  of  La  Crosse. 

English  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa. 

English  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-office  of  McHenry  co., 
III.,  in  Burton  township,  6  miles  E.  of  Richmond. 

English  Riv'er,  an  estuary  in  Delagoa  Bay,  South- 
eastern Africa,  about  lat.  25°  58'  2"  S.,  Ion.  32°  36'  7"  E., 
which  receives  the  Mattel,  Dundas,  and  Temby  Rivers. 

English  River,  in  Iowa,  rises  in  the  N.  part  of  tho 
state,  and,  flowing  S.E.,  enters  tho  Red  Cedar  in  Black 
Hawk  CO. 

English  River,  in  Iowa,  is  formed  by  its  North  and 
South  Forks,  which  rise  in  Poweshiek  co.  and  unite  at  the 
N.E.  corner  of  Keokuk  co.  It  runs  eastward  through 
Washington  co.,  and  enters  the  Iowa  River  about  14  miles 
S.  of  Iowa  City. 

English  River,  a  township  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
1260.     It  contains  South  English. 

English  River,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  1431.     It  contains  Richmond  and  Middleburg. 

English  River,  Canada.    See  Churchill  River. 

Eng'lishtOAVn,  a  post-village  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  Freehold  <fc  Jamesburg  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W,  of 
Freehold.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  shirt-factory. 

English  Town,  or  St.  Ann,  a  seaport  of  Victoria 
CO.,  Cape  Breton  Island,  on  St.  Ann's  Bay,  19  miles  N.E, 
of  Baddeck.     Pop.  524. 

English  Turn,  a  post-village  of  Plaquemines  parish. 
La..  17  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  New  Orleans. 

Englishville,  ing'glish-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co,, 
Mich.,  in  Alpine  township,  on  the  Grand  Rapids,  Newaygo 
&  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Grand  Rapids,  It 
has  a  church  and  a  steam  grist-mill. 

Engoor  and  Engour,  Turkish  names  for  Angora. 

Engst'len  Alp,  a  mountain  of  Switzerland,  with  fine 
scenery,  4  miles  S.  of  Engclberg.     Height,  6033  feet. 

Engna-Gua^u  (or  -Guazu),  fing'gwi-gwd-soo',  an 
island  of  Brazil,  province  and  about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  SSo 
Paulo.  It  has  been  connected  with  the  mainland  by  a 
road  built  upon  piles.  The  town  of  Santos  stands  at  it« 
N.  and  that  of  Sao  Vicente  at  its  S.E.  extremity, 

Enguera,  fin-gwi'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  47  miles  S,W. 
of  Valencia,     Pop.  5700. 

Enikale,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Yenikale. 

Enikalc,  Strait  of.    See  Yenikale,  Strait  op. 

Enisei,  a  river  of  Asia.     See  Yenisei. 

Enkhuysen,  Enkhnizen,  5nk'hoi's?n,  or  Enchn« 
sa,  dn-kii'sA,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North  Holland, 
on  a  peninsula  in  the  Zuyder  Zee,  28  miles  N.N.E.  of  Am- 
sterdam. It  has  a  fine  town  hall,  a  large  cannon-foundry, 
and  trade  in  salt,  fish,  timber,  and  cattle.     Pop.  5454 


ENR 


1128 


ENT 


Enkirch,  In'kMRC,  a  villaga  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  4 
miloa  S.W.  of  Zoll,  on  tho  Moselle.     Pop.  2043. 

EnKJttping,  Enkttpin?,  or  EnkiOping,  An'obii'- 
ping  (iilini>st  in'chap'inj;),  »  town  of  Sweden,  about  60 
uiiles  by  mil  N.W.  of  Stockholm.     Pop.  I6a4. 

Eniin,  tho  anoiont  name  of  CASTRoaiOTANNr. 

Eii'niill's  Springs,  a  post-officoof  Dorchester  oo.,  Md. 

En'.Niisirnh,  ttio  Ambic  nnme  of  Nazareth. 

KliunMkn,  an  Aleutian  island.    See  Yoonaska. 

Eu'iielf  or  llelVedere',  a  lake  of  Ireland,  oo.  of 
AVestuioath,  2  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mullingar,  It  is  studded 
with  wooded  islets,  and  has  sororal  fine  seats  on  its  banks. 

Knnciitin,  in-nen'd&,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  1  mile  S.K.  of  Ularus,  on  the  Linth.     Pop.  2783. 

En'nerdalC'Water,  a  lake  of  England,  co.  of  Cum- 
berland, 7  miles  N.E.  of  Egremont.  It  is  formed  by  the 
river  Ekon. 

Ennezat^  inn^zjl',  a  village  of  France,  in  Puy-do-DOme, 
10  miles  N.E.  of  Clermont-Ferrand.     Pop.  1442. 

Eii'nis,  a  town  of  Ireland,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Clare, 
on  tho  Fergus,  20  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Limerick.  It 
has  4  bridges  across  the  Fergus,  a  court-house,  jail,  infirm- 
ary, hospital,  town  hall,  barracks,  workhouse,  linen-market, 
3  banks,  a  parish  and  a  largo  Roman  Catholic  church,  a 
college,  2  convents,  a  lunatic  asylum,  and  ruins  of  a  fine 
abbey.     Pop.  6503. 

En'nis,  a  post-villnge  of  Ellis  co.,  Tex.,  34  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Dallas.  It  has  4  newspaper  ofiSces,  7  churches, 
2  banks,  n  flour-mill,  a  cotton-oom press,  a  mattress- factory, 
lumber-mills,  and  railroad  repair-shops.     Pop.  2171. 

En^niscor'thy,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  12  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Wexford,  on  a  railway,  and  on  the  navigable 
river  Slaney.  It  has  a  court-house,  bridewell,  convent,  and 
a  stately  Anglo-Norman  castle,  still  in  good  repair.  Pop. 
6594. 

En^nisker'ry,  a  number  of  small  islands  off  tho  W. 
coast  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Clare :  of  these  the  most  important 
is  Mutton  Island,  about  1  mile  from  the  shore,  containing 
about  210  acres  of  land,  and  some  curious  caves. 

Enniskerry,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  AVicklow,  11 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Dublin. 

En^niskil'len,  a  town  of  Ireland,  capital  of  the  co.  of 
Fermanagh,  mostly  built  on  an  island  in  the  river  connect- 
ing Upper  and  Lower  Lough  Erne,  87  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of 
Dublin.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  a  court-house  and  prison, 
a  town  hall,  a  richly  endowed  school,  barracks,  an  infirmary, 
workhouse,  linen-hall,  branch  banks,  2  weekly  newspapers, 
and  a  manufactory  of  cutlery.  The  inhabitants  supported 
the  Protestant  cause  in  1689.     Pop.  5836. 

Enniskiilen,  Grey  co.,  Ontario.    See  Varxey. 

En^niskil'len,  or  Charlesville,  charlz'vil,  a  post- 
village  in  Durham  co.,  Ontario,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Bowman- 
ville.     It  contains  several  stores  and  hotels.     Pop.  250. 

Enniskiilen,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co..  Now  Bruns- 
wick, 34  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  St.  John.  It  has  a  large 
lumber-trade.     Pop.  150. 

En^nismore',  a  post-village  in  Peterborough  co.,  On- 
tario, 10  miles  N.W.  of  Peterborough.  It  contains  shingle- 
and  stave-factories  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  190. 

Ennis  Store,  a  village  of  Oktibbeha  co.,  Miss.,  14  miles 
S.W.  of  Starkville.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  steam-mill. 

Ennistrahul,  en^nis-trawl',  a  small  island  off  the  N. 
coast  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Donegal,  7  miles  E.N.E.  of  Malin 
Uead.     It  has  a  light-house. 

En^nisty'mon,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Clare,  on 
a  small  river  of  the  same  name,  near  its  mouth  in  Liscanor 
Bay,  14i  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ennis.     Pop.  1411. 

En'nisville,  a  post-village  of  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Jackson  township,  on  Standing  Stone  Creek,  about  34  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Altoona.  It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  a  flouring- 
mill,  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Ennisville,  Ontario.    See  IsxisviLtE. 

Enno'ree,  or  Eno'ree,  a  small  river  of  South  Caro- 
lina, rises  in  Greenville  co.,  runs  southeastward,  forms  the 
boundary  between  Laurens  co.  on  the  right  and  Spartan- 
burg and  Union  cos.  on  the  let%,  and  enters  the  Broad  River 
in  Newberry  co.     It  is  about  100  miles  long. 

Enns,  or  Ens,  dns  (anc.  A)%'i»u»  or  An'e»tt»),  a  river 
of  Austria,  rises  11  miles  S.  of  Radstadt,  flows  E.  through 
Styria,  and  then  N.,  separating  the  provinces  of  Upper  and 
Lower  Austria,  past  Radstadt,  Stoyer,  and  Enns,  and  enters 
the  Danube  on  the  right,  11  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lintz.  Chief 
affluents,  the  Steyer  and  the  Salza.     Length,  112  miles. 

Enns  (anc.  Lauriacum  f),  a  town  of  Upper  Austria,  on 
the  Enns,  near  its  junction  with  the  Danube,  10  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Lintz.  It  has  manufactures  of  iron  and  steel, 
and  is  enclosed  with  old  walls.     Pop.  2051. 


E'no,  a  river  of  Orange  co.,  N.C.,  runs  eastward,  and 
enters  the  Neuse  River  near  the  S.W.  corner  of  Granville 
CO.     Hillsborough  is  on  this  river. 

Enoch,  0'n9k,  a  post-township  of  Noble  co.,  0.,  about 
20  miles  N.  of  Marietta.  Pop.  13ti2.  Enoch  Post-Office  is 
6  miles  £.  of  Caldwell. 

Enochsbuff;,  C'npks-burg,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co., 
Ind.,  about  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Brookville. 

Euochville,  O'npk-vll,  a  post-village  of  Rowan  co., 
N.C.,  6  miles  from  China  Grove  Station.  It  has  a  church, 
a  steam  lumber-mill,  and  a  high  school. 

Eno'ln,  a  post-village  of  Faulkner  co..  Ark.,  14  miles 
(direct)  N.E.  of  Conway. 

Enola,  a  post-village  of  Yazoo  oo..  Miss.,  10  miles  W. 
by  S,  of  Yazoo  City. 

E'non,apost-villageof  Bullock  co.,  Ala.,  about  56  miles 
E.S.B.  of  Montgomery.     It  has  3  churches  and  2  schools. 

Enon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co..  Miss.,  on  Leaf  River, 
about  100  miles  S.S.E.  of  Jackson.    It  has  a  church. 

Enon,  a  post-village  of  Clark  co.,  0.,  on  Mad  River,  nnd 
on  the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western  and  Cleveland,  Columbus 
<l!  Cincinnati  Railroads,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Dayton.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  paper-mill. 

Enon,  Pennsylvania.    See  Evox  Valley. 

Enon  College,  a  post-office  of  Trousdale  co.,  Tcnn., 
11  miles  E.S.E.  of  Gallatin. 

Enon  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ileard  co.,  Ga.,  7  miles 
N.  of  Franklin.     In  its  vicinity  are  2  churches. 

Enontekeis,  &-non't&-ki8\  a  village  of  Russian  Lap- 
land, on  the  TornoA,  190  miles  N.N.W.  of  Tornei.     P.  860. 

E'non  VaI'ley,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co.,  Pa.,  46 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  an  academy,  3 
churches,  and  some  repair-shops  of  the  railroad.  Ucre  are 
coal-mines.     Pop.  about  500. 

Enore,  5n'5r',  a  village  of  British  India,  presidency 
and  8  miles  N.  of  Madras,  on  the  bank  of  a  salt  lake. 

Enoree,  a  river  of  South  Carolina.    See  Ennoree. 

Eno'ree,  a  post-village  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C,  26 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Spartanburg.  It  has  3  churches,  an 
academy,  and  manufactures  of  cotton  goods. 

Enos,  i'nos  (anc.  jE'nof),  a  seaport  town  of  European 
Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  38  miles  N.W.  of  Gallipoli,  on  the 
.^gean  Sea,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Maritza  in  the  Gulf  of 
Enos.  Pop.  7000.  It  is  the  beat  of  some  trade;  but  its 
harbor  is  choked  with  sand  and  admits  only  small  vessels. 
The  Gulf  of  Enos,  N.  of  the  town,  entered  by  a  strait,  is  14 
miles  in  length  by  5  miles  in  breadth. 

E'nosburg,  a  post-villnge  of  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  about 
40  miles  N.E.  of  Burlington.  It  has  2  churches.  Butter 
is  one  of  its  staple  products.     Pop.  of  township,  2299. 

Enosbnrg  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Vt., 
on  the  Missisquoi  River,  and  on  the  Central  Vermont  Bail- 
road,  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  St.  Albans.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
flouring-mill,  a  carriage-factory,  a  woollen-mill,  and  man- 
ufactures of  patent  medicines.  The  river  afi'ords  great 
water-power  here.     Pop.  about  400. 

Enotajensk,  Russia.    See  Yenotajensk. 

Ens,  a  river  of  Austria.    See  E.nxs. 

Enschede,  fin-ski'd§h,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Overyssel,  5  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Delden.     Pop.  5072. 

Enseli,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Es/.elleb. 

Ensenada,  or  Ensenada  de  Uarragon,  fin-si- 
n&'d&  dd  ban-ni-gon',  a  village  of  the  Argentine  Republic, 
35  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Buenos  Ayres,  on  the  estuary  of  the 
La  Plata.  Pop.  575.  It  is  one  of  the  points  of  discharge 
and  lading  for  ships  trading  with  Buenos  Ayres. 

En'sham,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Oxford,  5  milei 
E.S.E.  of  Witney.  It  has  a  fine  Gothic  church,  a  very 
curious  ancient  cross,  and  remains  of  an  abbey. 

Ensinal,  a  county  of  Texas.    See  Excinal. 

Ensisheim,  en'sis-himo\  or  Ensheim,  Sns'hime,  a 
town  of  Alsace,  on  the  111,  15  miles  S.  of  Colmar.  It  has 
manufactures  of  leather  and  straw  hats.     Pop.  2981. 

Ensival,  fin'se-vil,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Liege,  on 
the  Vesdre,  7  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Spa.  Pop.  4045.  It  is  a 
suburb  of  Vcrviers. 

Ens'ley,  a  post-township  of  Newaygo  co.,  Mich.,  about 
25  miles  N.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  manufactures  of 
lumber,  and  forests  of  oak  and  pine.     Pop.  877. 

En'terline,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dauphin  co..  Pa.,  6  miles 
E.  of  Halifax.     It  has  a  church  and  a  store. 

En'terprise,  a  post-village  of  Coffee  co.,  Ala.,  15  miles 
(direct)  S.E.  of  Elba.     It  has  2  general  stores. 

Enterprise,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sebastian  co..  Ark.,  10 
miles  S.  of  Fort  Smith. 

Enterprise,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butte  co.,  Cal.,  13  miles 
(direct)  N.E.  of  Oroville.    It  has  several  stores,  Ao. 


ENT 


1129 


EPE 


Enterprise,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Voldsia  co.,  Fla., 
on  the  St.  John's  River  and  Lake  Monroe,  40  miles  by  mil 
N.W.  of  Titusville.  It  is  a  place  of  winter  resort,  and  has 
leveral  hotels,  4  churches,  manufactures  of  lumber,  orange- 
and  vegetable-crates,  and  cigars,  and  a  valuable  sulphur 
spring.  It  is  the  head  of  regular  steamboat  navigation. 
Pop.  about  500. 

Enterprise,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Qa.,  on  the  South- 
western Kailroad,  about  20  miles  N.  of  Albany.  It  has  a 
church. 

Enterprise,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  III.,  about  44 
miles  B.  of  Centralia.     It  has  a  church  and  a  wngon-shop. 

Enterprise,  a  post-village  of  Spencer  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Luce  township,  en  the  Ohio,  26  miles  above  Evansville. 

Enterprise,  Switzerland  co.,  Ind.  See  East  Enter- 
prise. 

Enterprise,  a  post-village  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas, 
on  the  Kansas  River,  6  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Abilene.  It  has 
4  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  public  school, 
flour-mills,  vinegar-works,  brick-yards,  machine-works,  a 
creamery,  and  stone-quarries.     Pop.  804. 

Enterprise,  a  post-office  of  Catahoula  parish,  La. 

Enterprise,  a  township,  Jackson  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  328. 

Enterprise,  a  post-hamlet  of  Winona  co.,  Minn.,  about 
15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Winona. 

Enterprise,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clarke  co..  Miss., 
on  the  Chickasawha  River,  and  on  the  Mobile  A  Ohio  Rail- 
road, 15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Meridian,  and  120  miles  from 
Mobile.  It  has  separate  schools  for  white  and  colored,  7 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  lumber, 
boots,  and  shoes.     Pop.  about  1200. 

Enterprise,  Clarke  co..  Mo.    See  Uniox. 

Enterprise,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hocking  co.,  0.,  about 
4  miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Logan. 

Enterprise,  a  hamlet  of  Preble  co.,  0.,  about  20  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Dayton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Enterprise,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wallowa  co., 
Oregon,  about  30  miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Union.  It  has  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  planing-mill. 

Enterprise,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Pa.,  4  or  5 
miles  E.  of  Titusville.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  lumber- 
mill,  and  has  produced  some  petroleum. 

Enterprise,  a  post-office  and  steamboat-landing  of 
Berkeley  co.,  S.C.,  on  a  navigable  inlet,  25  miles  S.W.  of 
Charleston. 

Enterprise,  a  post-office  of  Southampton  co.,  Va. 

Enterprise,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  W.  Va., 
20  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Clarksburg.  It  has  a  church  and 
several  stores  and  business  houses. 

Enterprise,  a  post-village  in  Addington  co.,  Ontario, 
on  Jackson's  Creek,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Centrovillo.  It 
contains  a  saw-mill,  a  cheese-factory,  &c.     Pop.  250. 

Enterprise  Junction,  a  station  in  Northumberland 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Mahanoy  <fc  Shamokin  Branch  of  the  Read- 
ing Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Shamokin,  at  the  junction  of  a 
railroad  extending  some  2  miles  S.W.  to  the  Enterprise 
coal-mines. 

Entlebnch,  Snt'l'a-book^  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  of  Lucerne,  in  a  valley  of  the  same  name,  on  the 
Little  Emmen,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Lucerne.     Pop.  2938. 

Entrague,  6NoHrig',  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and 
,13  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Coni.     Pop.  2505. 

Entraigues,  or  Entraygues,  6x°'traig',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Aveyron,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Espalion,  on  the  Lot. 
Pop.  2022.  Entraigues  is  also  the  name  of  villages  in  the 
departments  of  Isere,  Nievre,  and  Vaucluse. 

Entrecasteaux,  5\t'r^k.\sHo',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Var,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Brignolles.     Pop.  1949. 

Entre-Deux-Mers,  ANt'r-duh-main  (anc.  Bimnriaf), 
a  vine-country  of  France,  department  of  Gironde,  between 
the  Dordogne  and  the  Garonne. 

Entre-Douro-e-Minho,  in  Portugal.    See  Minho. 

Entre  Rios,  Jn'tri  ree'ooe  (i.e.,  "  between  the  rivers"), 
a  province  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  between  the  rivers 
Uruguay  and  Parand  (whence  its  name),  having  E.  the 
republic  of  Uruguay,  on  the  W.  the  provinces  of  Santa  F6 
and  Buenos  Ayres,  and  on  the  N.  the  province  of  Corrientes. 
Estimated  area,  45,000  square  miles.  Surface  alternately 
Bwampy  and  in  wide  prairies,  on  which  large  herds  of  cattle 
and  horses  wander ;  its  S.  part  is  an  alluvial  plain,  annually 
inundated.  Climate  equable  and  healthy  ;  there  is  no  frost. 
Cultivation  is  very  limited.  The  principal  products  are 
hides,  horns,  tallow,  and  jerked  beef.  Capital,  Bajada  de 
Santa  F6.     Pop.  in  1887  (official  estimate),  300,000. 

Entrevaux,6Nt'r^vo',  a  village  of  France,  Basses-AIpes, 
17  miles  N.E.  of  Castellanne.     Pop.  1521. 

Entre velez,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Trevelkz. 
72 


Entringen,  5n'tring-?n,  a  village  of  WUrtemberg,  in 
the  Black  Forest,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Herrenberg.     Pop.  1105. 

Entry  (en'tree)  Island,  Kapito,  ki'pce-to,  or  Ka- 
piti,  ki'pee-tee,  an  island  of  New  Zealand,  in  Cook  Strait. 
Lat.  40°  50'  S.;  Ion.  174°  45'  E. 

Entz,  a  river  of  Germany.    See  Enz. 

E'numclaw,  a  post-village  of  King  co.,  Washington, 
about  36  miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Tacoma,  and  about  56 
miles  S.E.  of  Seattle.  It  has  a  church  organization  and  a 
newspaper  office.  It  is  in  a  fine  lumber  region.  Hops  are 
grown  here.     Pop.  500. 

Envie,  fiiJoVee'  (L.  In  vihiU  or  Invite),  a  village  of 
Italy,  province  and  23  miles  N.N.W.  of  Coni.     Pop.  3327. 

Enyeng,  in^ySng',  a  village  of  Hungary,  10  miles  from 
Veszprim.     Pop.  2630. 

Enz,  or  Entz,  Snts,  a  river  of  Wiirtemberg  and  Baden, 
rises  in  the  Black  Forest,  flows  N.E.  and  E.  past  Pforzheim, 
and  joins  the  Neckar  at  Besigheim. 

Enzberg,  fints'bSRO,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg,  6  miles 
W.  of  Vaihingen,  near  the  Enz.     Pop.  1204. 

Enzellee,  dn^zdl'lee,  Enzilli,  dn^zil'lee,  or  Enzelij 
dn'zdl'ee,  written  also  Enzelle  and  Inzili,  a  seaport 
town  and  a  lake  of  Persia,  province  of  Ghilan.  The  town 
is  between  the  Caspian  and  the  lake,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Reshd. 
The  lake,  about  25  miles  in  length  from  E.  to  W.,  commu- 
nicates with  the  Caspian  immediately  E.  of  Enzellee,  of 
which  it  forms  the  port.  It  is  frequented  by  small  craft, 
larger  vessels  anchoring  in  the  Caspian,  opposite  the  town. 

Enzersdorf,  Snts'ers-douf,  or  Stadtel  (or  Gross) 
Enzcrsdorf,  stit't^l  fints'^rs-douf,  a  town  of  Lower  Aus- 
tria, on  the  Danube,  8  miles  E.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  1158. 

Enzcrsdorf,  a  village  in  Lower  Austria,  on  the  Fischa 
River,  about  4  miles  from  the  town  of  Fi.scha.     Pop.  1253. 

Enzersdorf  am  Gebirge,  5nts'?rs-doi!f  hm  ga-becR'- 
gh§h,  a  village  of  Austria,  about  5  miles  S.  of  Vienna. 
The  poet  Werner  was  born  here.     Pop.  1086. 

Enzilli,  a  town  of  Persia.    Seo  Enzeller. 

Enzweihingen,  fints-^i'hing-^n,  a  village  of  Wiir- 
temberg, 2  miles  S.E.  of  Vaihingen,  on  the  Enz.     P.  1615. 

Eoa,  e-o'i,  Eooa,  e-oo'i,  or  Mid'delburg,  one  of 
the  Friendly  Islands,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Lat.  18°  19' 
S. ;  Ion.  175°  37'  W.  Circuit,  about  30  miles.  Its  surface  Is 
rocky  and  barren,  and  rises  to  600  feet  above  the  sea.  It 
was  discovered  by  Tasman  in  1 643. 

Eo'la,  a  post-office  of  Du  Pago  co.,  111. 

Eola,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co.,  Oregon,  on  Willamette 
River,  4i  miles  W.  of  Salem.  It  has  a  church,  a  wagon- 
shop,  and  3  warehouses  for  grain. 

Eolia,  e-o'lo-a,  a  village  of  Tallahatchce  co.,  Miss.,  (i 
miles  W.  of  ILarrison  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  steam  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Eors-Tisza,  i'oRsh'-tce'soh\  a  village  of  Hungary, 
CO.  of  Heves,  about  6  miles  from  Tisza-FUred.     Pop.  1184. 

Epacto,  a  town  of  Greece.    See  Lepanto. 

Epaignes,  i-pin',  a  village  of  France,  in  Euro,  5J 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Pont-Audemer.     Pop.  1729. 

Epanomeria,  i-pi-no-mi-rec'i,  a  town  in  the  island 
of  Santorini,  Grecian  Archipelago,  situated  on  the  face  of 
the  cliffs  of  the  N.AV.  promontory  of  the  island.  The  houses 
are  ranged  one  over  another  from  15  to  20  deep,  the  whole 
surrounded  by  numerous  windmills,  perched  on  the  very 
top  of  the  cliff.  Many  of  the  dwellings  are  excavations  in 
the  rock ;  others  are  built  above  them,  some  with  arched 
roofs,  others  flat,  the  lower  tier  full  400  feet  above  the  waters 
of  the  gulf;  the  strata  below  are  perpendicular,  and  of  a 
bright  red  and  black  lava,  with  scoriiB.  The  town  is  ap- 
proached by  a  zigzag  road  cut  into  the  cliffs,  and  has  a  very 
striking  appearance,  the  houses  towering  on  high  far  above 
the  mast-heads  of  the  largest  ships. 

Epe,  i'p?h,  or  Eep,  aip,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Gelderland,  26  miles  N.  of  Arnhem.  Pop.,  including 
adjoining  hamlets,  7678. 

£p6hy,  i'pi'ee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Somme,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  P6ronne.     Pop.  2030. 

Epeiros,  a  country  of  Greece.    See  Epini-s. 

Eperies,  i'pi*ro-fish',  or  Heperjes,  hi*p5n'y5sh'  (L. 
Epe'rise),  a  town  of  Hungary,  on  the  Tarcza,  an  affluent  of 
the  Theiss,  143  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Pesth.  It  is  one  of 
the  best-built  towns  of  Upper  Hungary,  is  surrounded  by 
walls  and  gardens,  has  town  halls,  Catholic  and  Lutheran 
gymnasiums,  an  episcopal  library,  and  manufactures  of 
linens  and  woollens,  earthenware,  and  beer.  It  is  the  see 
of  a  Catholic  bfshop  of  the  Ruthenian  rite.  Near  it  are 
chalybeate  springs  and  a  salt-mine.     Pop.  10,772. 

Epernay,  i'pdR^ni'  (L.  A'qu«  Peren'nes),  a  town  of 
France,  Marne,  near  the  left  bank  of  the  Marne,  21  mile« 
by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Chalons-sur-Marne.     It  is  an  entrepOt 


£P£ 


1130 


ERA 


for  Chani|>agne  wines,  which  arc  kept  in  vaults  in  the  chalk 
ro«k  on  which  the  town  i»  built.  Epornay  has  a  public 
library,  and  manufaotures  of  leather,  casks,  Ae.    P.  15,414. 

EperMODf  &'p4R^n6.\<',  a  town  of  France,  in  £ure-et- 
Loir,  17  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Chartres.     Pop.  1993. 

Epcs  (ops)  Station^  a  poet-village  of  Sumter  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  Tomblgbee  Uivor,  and  on  the  Alabama  A  Chatta- 
nooga Railroad,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Livingfton.  Hero  is  a 
railroad  bridge  across  the  river. 

Epfig,  6p'fio,  a  town  of  Alsace,  6}  miles  N.  of  Schlett- 
rtadt.     Pop.  2573. 

Kphesuii,  ifo-tSs  (Or.  *E^<(rot),  a  famous  city  of  Asia 
Minor,  the  ruins  of  which  exist  on  the  banks  of  the  Cayster, 
near  its  mouth  in  the  Quif  of  Scala  Nova,  35  miles  by  rail 
S.S.E.  of  Smyrna.  Its  remains  comprise  a  magnificent  the- 
atre, a  stadium  0S7  feet  in  length,  ancient  walls  and  towers 
of  the  Orcck,  Roman,  and  Byzantine  periods,  and  remains 
of  the  famous  temples  of  Diana.  These  remains,  with  many 
other  objects  of  great  historical  value,  were  brought  to  light 
by  excavations  made  by  Mr.  J.  T.  Wood,  1868-74.  Ephe- 
sus  was  anciently  the  capital  and  one  of  the  twelve  cities  of 
Ionia,  and  had  one  of  the  seven  Christian  churches  founded 
by  the  apostles.  Subsequently  a  Moliammedan  city  was 
erected  out  of  the  ruins  of  the  former,  but  it  has  also  fallen 
into  utter  deca}'.  Only  a  few  scattered  villages  now  remain, 
the  principal  of  which  is  Avasoolook,  and  the  sea  has  re- 
tired and  left  its  ancient  port  a  desolate  marsh. 

Ephraim,  e'fra-im,  or  Ephraim  City,  a  post-town 
of  San  Pete  co.,  Utnh,  6  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Manti. 
It  is  near  a  brnnoh  of  the  Sevier  River,  and  near  the  W. 
base  of  the  Wahsatch  Range,  and  has  3  churches,  academies, 
flour-,  grii't-,  and  planing-mills,  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Ephrainn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Door  co.,  Wis.,  on  Green 
Cay,  about  38  miles  N.E.  of  Oconto.     It  has  2  churches. 

Eph'rata,  a  post-borough  and  summer  resort  of  Lan- 
caster CO.,  Pa.,  19  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Reading.  It  has 
4  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  public  schools,  and 
manufactures  of  shirts,  cigars,  water-wheels,  and  cigar- 
bo.\es.  Pop.  4779.  The  monastery  of  the  "Seventh-Day 
Baptists"  is  situated  near  the  borough  limits. 

Ephra'tah,  a  post-village  of  Fulton  co.,  N.  Y.,  in  Ephra- 
tah  township,  8  miles  N.  of  Fort  Plain,  and  12  miles  W.  of 
Fonda.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  a  woollen-mill,  a  saw- 
mill, a  cheese- factory,  a  planing-mill,  a  mitten-factory,  and 
a  feed-mill.     Pop.  about  300. 

Epidamnus,  an  ancient  name  of  Dmrazzo. 

Epidaarus,  fip^e-daw'rus,  Epidauro,  6n-e-d&v'ro,  or 
Pidavro,  pee'div-ro,  a  seaport  village  of  Ureeee,  in  the 
Morea,  nome  and  23  miles  E.  of  Argos,  on  the  Gulf  of 
^gina.  Here  are  interesting  ruins  of  the  ancient  town. 
It  was  the  place  where  the  first  Greek  congress  assembled 
in  1821.  The  remains  of  Epidauru*  Limera  exist  in  La- 
conia,  on  the  iEgean,  3  miles  N.  of  Monemvasia. 

Epila,  i-pee'li  (anc.  Bynp'olU?),  a  town  of  Spain,  22 
miles  W.  of  Saragossa,  on  the  Jalon.     Pop.  3780. 

Epinac,  i'pee'nik',  a  village  of  France,  in  SaOne-et- 
Loire,  at  a  milway  junction,  11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Autun.  It 
ha^j^extensive  coal-  and  iron-mines.     Pop.  1670. 

Epinal,  i'pee'nll',  a  town  of  France,  capital  of  the 
department  of  Vosges,  on  both  sides  of  the  Moselle,  and  on 
the  railway  do  I'Est,  190  miles  E.S.E.  of  Paris.  It  is  gen- 
erally well  built,  and  has  a  ruined  castle,  and  several  large 
anil  fine  public  edifices,  including  a  prefecture,  a  theatre,  a 

Imblie  library,  and  a  museum  of  paintings  and  antiquities, 
it  is  the  seat  of  manufactures  of  embroidery,  lace,  linen 
fabrics  and  thread,  hosiery,  earthenware,  oil,  paper,  and 
choinioal  products.     Pop.  13,827. 

Epinay,  i'peo'ni',  the  name  of  several  communes  and 
villages  of  France,  the  principal  being  in  the  department 
of  Seine,  9  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Paris,  and  comprising  many 
handsome  country  villas.     Pop.  1290. 

Epinny-sur-Orge,  i'pee*n.\'-8ilR-0Rzh,  a  village  of 
France,  in  Seine-et-Oise,  15  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Paris. 

Epiphania,  the  ancient  name  of  Hamah. 

Epiriis,  e-pi'riis  (Gr. 'Htrnpo?,  "mainland"),  a  country 
of  ancient  Greece,  corresponding  to  the  S.  portion  of  Al- 
bania, in  which  it  is  now  included.    The  name  was  given 

to  distinguish  it  from  the  islands  off  the  W.  coast. 

Inhab.  Epi'rot  or  Epi'rote. 

Eporedia,  the  ancient  name  of  Ivrea. 

Ep'pard's  Point,  a  township  of  Livingston  co.,  III. 
Pop.  861.     It  contains  Ocoya. 

Eppcndorf,  ip'p^n-donf,  a  village  in  the  territory  and 
i  miles  N.  of  Hamburg,  on  the  Alster.     Pop.  1959, 

Ep'pcrson,  a  post-office  of  Colusa  co.,  Cal. 

Epperson,  a  station  on  the  Rockford,  Rock  Island  k 
Si.  Louis  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Bashncdl^IlL 


Epperson  Springs,  a  watering-place  of  Macon  co., 
Tenn.,  20  miles  from  Gallatin.  It  has  a  church,  5  or  mor* 
mineral  springs,  a  tannery,  Ac. 

Ep'ping,  a  town  of  England,  in  Essex,  16  miles  by  mil 
N.N.E.  of  London,  is  pleasantly  situated,  and  much  viHltcd 
in  summer.  The  royal  forest  of  Enping  still  boasts  of  bona- 
tiful  woodland  scenery.  Area,  60,000  acres.  The  river 
Roding  divides  Epping  Forest  from  the  forest  of  Haiiiault 
on  the  S.E.,  but  the  latter  has  been  disafibrested.  Pop,  of 
parish,  2275. 

Ep'ping,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Epping  township,  on  the  Lamprey  River,  and  on  two  rail- 
roads, 23  miles  by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Manchester,  and  IS  injlea 
by  rail  W.  of  Portsmouth.  It  has  4  churches,  a  savings- 
bank,  an  academy,  and  manufactures  of  bricks,  shoes,  <tc. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1721. 

Eppingen,  dp'ning-^n,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the  El- 
senz,  27  miles  E.N.E.  of  Carlsruhe.     Pop.  3274. 

Epps,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  263. 

Eppstein,  6pp'stine,  a  village,  with  a  mineral  spring 
and  a  ruined  castle,  in  Nassau,  Prussia,  5  miles  S.AV.  of 
Konig.'itoin.     Pop.  684. 

Ep'som  (Anglo-Saxon,  Ebhuhnm),  a  town  of  England, 
CO.  of  Surrey,  14  miles  S.W.  of  London,  at  a  railway  junc- 
tion. It  has  a  town  hall  and  a  national  school.  Ejisom  is 
famous  for  its  medicinal  spa,  from  which  tho  sulphate  of 
magnesia  takes  the  name  of  Epsom  salts,  but  chiefly  for 
its  races,  which  are,  especially  on  the  Derby  dny,  more  nu- 
merously attended  than  any  other  in  the  kingdom.  Pop. 
of  parish,  6276. 

Ep'som,  a  post-village  of  Daviess  co.,  Ind.,  13  miles 
(direct)  N.  by  E.  of  Washington.  It  has  a  hotel,  a  saw- 
mill, and  several  general  stores  and  business  houses. 

Epsom,  a  post-hamlet  of  Merrimack  co.,  N.H.,  in  Ep- 
som township,  on  the  Suncook  River,  about  10  miles  (direct) 
E.  of  Concord,  and  14  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Ilooksett. 
It  has  a  church,  saw-mills,  grist-mills,  and  manufactures 
of  shoes  and  boxes.     Pop.  of  the  township,  815. 

Epsom,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vance  co.,  N.C.,  7  miles  (di- 
rect) S.E.  of  Henderson,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Epte,  ipt  (L.  Ep'ta),  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  Scinc- 
Infdricure,  flows  S.  between  the  departments  of  Seine  and 
Eure  on  its  right  and  the  departments  of  Oise  and  Seine 
et-Oise  on  its  left,  and  joins  the  Seine  above  Vernon. 

Eptingen,  fip'ting-§n,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton of  Basel-Land,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Basel,  in  a  mountainous 
district,  among  precipices  so  steep  that  in  winter  the  sun 
is  visible  only  about  mid-day.     Pop.  774. 

Ep'u'orth,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lincoln,  10  miles 
N.  of  Gainsborough.  John  Wesley  was  born  here  in  1703. 
Pop.  of  parish,  2295. 

Ep'AVorth,  an  incorporated  post-town  of  Dubuque  co., 
Iowa,  in  Taylor  township,  on  the  Iowa  division  of  the  Illi- 
nois Central  Railroad,  18  miles  W.  of  Dubuque.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  seminary,  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Equa,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Vico  EgnEssE. 

Equador,  a  republic  of  South  America.    See  Ecuador. 

Equal'ity,  a  post-village  of  Coosa  co.,  Ala.,  about  12 
miles  (direct)  S.E.  of  Rockford.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
high  school. 

Equality,  a  post-village  of  Gallatin  co..  111.,  on  Saline 
River,  12  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Shawneetown.  It  has 
a  church,  coal-mines,  and  salt-works.     Pop.  662. 

Equality,  a  township  of  Miller  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1427. 

Equality,  a  post-village  of  Anderson  eo.,  S.C.,  17  miles 
(direct)  N.  by  E.  of  Anderson  Court-IIouse.  It  has  a  saw- 
mill and  general  stores. 

Equateur,  or  Equator.    See  Ecuador. 

Equator,  Provinces  of  the.    See  EcvrT. 

E'quinox  Mountain,  in  Bennington  co.,  Vt.,  is  about 
2  miles  W.  of  Manchester.  It  rises  3872  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  sea,  and  is  a  beautiful  summer  resort.  Visitors 
can  ride  in  a  carriage  to  its  summit,  where  a  summer-house 
has  been  built. 

E'quinunk,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Delaware  River,  about  22  miles  N.  of  Honcsdalc.  The 
trains  of  the  Erie  Railroad  run  along  the  opposite  bank  of 
the  river.     It  has  a  church. 

Eramo'sa,  a  post-village  in  Wellington  co.,  Ontario,  ( 
miles  N.  of  Guelph.     Pop,  100. 

Erannoboas,  or  Eranoboas.    See  Sose. 

Eras'tus,  a  post-office  of  Banks  co.,  Ga. 

Era'ta,  a  post-office  of  Jones  co..  Miss. 

E'rath',  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Texas,  has 
an  area  of  about  900  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Boiqoe 
River,  which  rises  in  it,  and  by  Paloxy  Creek.  The  sur- 
face is  partly  hilly,  and  is  divcreified  by  fertile  prairies  and 


:erb 


1131 


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forests.  The  soil  is  adapted  to  pasturage.  Great  numbers 
of  cattle  are  reared  here.  The  county  is  traversed  by  two 
lines  of  railroad.  Capital,  Stephensville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
1801;  in  18S0,  11,796;  in  1890,  21,594. 

Erb,  a  station  in  Blair  co..  Pa.,  on  the  railroad  from 
Altoona  to  Henrietta,  19  miles  from  Altoona. 

Erba,  fin'bi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  7  miles  E. 
by  N.  of  Como,  near  the  Lodi.     Pop.  1724. 

Erbach,  in'biK,  a  river  of  Rhenish  Bavaria,  which 
passes  Deux-Ponts  and  joins  the  Bliese. 

Erbach,  a  town  of  Hesse,  on  the  Mimling,  22  miles  by 
mil  S.E.  of  Darmstadt.  Pop.  2657.  It  has  a  ducal  resi- 
dence, with  interesting  collections  of  armor  and  antiquities. 

Erbach,  a  village  of  Prussia,  beautifully  situated  on 
the  Rhino,  7  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Mentz.  At  a  short  dis- 
tance is  the  old  convent  of  Eberbach,  founded  by  St.  Ber- 
nard de  Clairvaux  in  1131,  now  used  as  a  prison  and  a 
lunatic  asylum.     Pop.  1635. 

Erbach,  a  village  of  WUrtemberg,  6  miles  by  rail  S.W. 
of  Ulm,  near  the  Danube,  with  a  parish  church  and  a  fine 
old  castle.     Pop.  1187. 

Erbeiidori,  Sii'bgn-donr,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
Fichtel  Naab,  21  miles  E.S.E.  of  Baireuth.     Pop.  1433. 

Erbesbudcsheim,  SR'b^s-boo'd^s-hime',  a  village  of 
Ilesse,  in  Rhein-Hessen,  near  Alzej'.  Pop.  815. 

Erbil,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey.    See  Ahbil. 

Ercc,  fin'si',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ari6ge,  12  miles  S.E. 
of  Saint-Girons.     Pop.  960. 

Erce-en-Lamee,  iR*si'-6N-«-li*mi',  a  village  of 
France,  Ille-et-A'ilaine,  23  miles  N.E.  of  Rcdon.     Pop.  321. 

Er'cildoun,  a  post-village  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  3  miles 
S.  of  Coatesville.  It  has  a  church,  a  boarding-school  for 
young  Indies,  and  2  Friends'  meetings. 

Ercildoune,  a  parish  of  Scotland.    See  Eaulstox. 

Ercolano,  the  Italian  name  of  Herci'i.axeum. 

Ercsi,  Sn'chee',  or  Ercseny,  iii'chJfi',  a  village  of 
Hungary,  co.  of  Stuhlweisscnburg,  on  the  Danube,  9 J  miles 
N.  of  Adony.     Pop.  5540. 

Erdely-Orszag,  the  Hungarian  for  Transylvania. 

Erdeven,  5Rd*v6.v>',  a  village  of  France,  in  Morbihan, 
12  miles  S.E.  of  Lorient.     Pop.  291. 

Erdewich,  a  town  of  Slavonia.     See  Erdovegh. 

Erding,  fiii'ding,  a  town  of  Upper  Bavaria,  20  miles  by 
rail  N.E.  of  Munich.     Pop.  2755. 

Er'dington,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Warwick,  4 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Birmingham,  It  has  an  orphan-house 
and  a  college.     Pop.  4483. 

Erdjish,  a  Turkish  name  for  Arceus. 

Erdod,  5R*dod',  a  town  of  Hungary,  55  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Dcbreczin.     It  has  glass-works.     Pop.  2256. 

Erdod,  SRMod',  a  village  of  Slavonia,  co.  of  Verocz,  10 
miles  from  E«zek.     It  has  the  ruins  of  a  castle. 

Erdohegy,  SnVlo'hSdj',  a  village  of  Hungary,  on  the 
White  Kciros,  8  miles  from  Simand.     Pop.  1770. 

Erdovegh,  {R'do'v6g',  or  Erdewich,  5ii'd?h-*iK\  a 
town  of  Slavonia,  8  miles  from  Illok.     Pop.  2885. 

Erdre,  fiRd'r,  a  river  of  France,  in  Loire-Inf6rieure, 
flows  S.W.,  to  the  Loire  at  Nantes.     Length,  45  miles. 

Erebus,  Volcano  of.    Sec  Victoria  Land. 

Erech,  Sr'etch,  or  Er'ich,  a  town  of  India,  in  Bundel- 
cund,  on  the  Betwah,  40  miles  N.E.  of  Jhansi.  Lat.  25° 
49'  N. ;  Ion.  79°  2'  E. 

Eree,  or  Erih,fir'oe\  one  of  the  Snakin  Islands,  in  the 
Rod  Sea,  lat.  18°  10'  N.,  Ion.  28°  20'  E.,  4i  miles  long.  On 
the  E.  part  are  the  ruins  of  Ptolemais  Theron. 

Ercglee,  Eregli,  5r'?-glee',  or  Erekli,  6r'§-klee', 
written  also  Erogri  (ane.  Herade'a  or  Heracle'ia),  a 
town  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the  Black  Sea,  128  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Constantinople.  Lat.  41°  15'  30"  N. ;  Ion.  31°  28'  E.  It 
has  a  good  port  and  ship-building  yards.  It  exports  timber, 
Bilk,  and  wax,  and  imports  colonial  produce,  tobacco,  and 
iron.  Pop.  2000.  Here  the  10,000  Greeks  under  Xenojjhon 
embarked  on  their  return  to  Greece. 

.  Ereglee,  or  Eregli  (una.  Arch  alia  f  or  Arckelattf), 
a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  80  miles  E.S.E.  of  Konieh,  with 
'  about  800  poor  houses. 

Ereglee,  Eregli,  or  Es'kee  Ereglee  (ano.  Perin'- 
thus  or  Herade'a),  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in  Roumelia, 
on  the  Sea  of  Marmora,  53  miles  W.  of  Constantinople. 

Eregri,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Ereglee. 

Erembodegem,  5R-5m-b6'd4-gh§m,  a  village  of  Bel- 
gium, East  Flanders,  24  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Ghent.  P.  3770. 

Erc'tria  (Gr.  'EpeVpia),  an  ancient  city  of  Greece,  on 
the  W.  coast  of  Euboea,  now  destroyed ;  but  of  New  Eretria, 
Bome  distance  to  the  S.E.,  there  are  considerable  ruins. 

Erets,  or  Eretz,  i-r6ts',  a  fortified  town  of  Russian 
Transcaucasia,  near  the  Koor,  50  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Shamaka. 


Erfurt,  or  Erfurth,  SR'fooRt  (L.  Erphor'dia  and  Er- 
/nr'tHm),a,  fortified  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  on  the  Gera, 
at  a  railway  junction,  14  miles  E.  of  Gotha.  It  is  old  and 
irregularly  built.  Principal  edifices,  a  cathedral,  with  a 
famous  bell  weighing  275  cwt.,  numerous  churches,  an  Ur- 
sulino  convent  and  girls'  school,  and  an  orphan  asylum, 
occupying  the  Augustine  convent  of  which  Luther  was  a 
member.  The  university  founded  here  in  1392  was  closed 
in  1816.  Erfurt  has  a  gymnasium,  a  normal  school,  an 
academy  of  sciences,  scientific  and  literary  associations, 
museums,  a  botanic  garden,  a  public  library,  and  extensive 
manufactures  of  shoes,  woollen  and  cotton  cloths,  leather, 
vineg.ar,  vermicelli,  and  pearl  barleyr.     Pop.  (1890)  72,360. 

Erfurt,  a  government  of  Prussia,  province  of  Saxony, 
bounded  N.  by  Hanover  and  Brunswick,  N.E.  and  E.  by 
Merscburg,  Schwarzburg-Sondershausen,  and  Saxe- Weimar, 
S.  by  Schwarzburg-Sondershausen,  Saxe-Coburg-Gotha,  and 
Saxe-Meiningcn,  and  W.  by  Hesse-Nassau.  Area,  1368 
square  miles.  Pop.  in  1875,  385,499.  It  is  very  irregular 
and  dislocated,  consisting  of  a  long  narrow  belt,  and  of  9 
enclaves  within  other  states.  The  surface  is  diversified.  It 
is  watered  by  numerous  streams  in  the  basin  of  the  Elbe. 
The  chief  minerals  are  coal,  iron,  copper,  silver,  cobalt,  lig- 
nite, limestone,  and  gypsum.  In  the  plains,  wheat,  pulse, 
oil-seeds,  hemp,  flax,  fruit,  and  dye-plants  are  grown. 

Er'furt,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sullivan  township,  Jefierson 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  Bark  River,  about  38  miles  W.  of  Milwaukee. 

Ergasteria,  or  Ergastiria,  fir-gS,s-tee're-a,,  a  town 
of  Greece,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  Attica,  opposite  the  island 
of  Macionisi,  7  miles  by  rail  from  the  mines  of  Laurium, 
and  40  miles  S.E.  of  Athens.  The  town  dates  from  1865, 
in  which  year  a  mining  company  settled  here,  having  ac- 
quired the  right  of  working  the  scoriae  of  the  silver-  and 
lead-mines  wrought  at  Laurium  by  the  ancient  Greeks. 
Attention  is  almost  exclusively  devoted  to  the  refuse  ore 
and  scoriae  left  from  the  old  mines,  which,  on  being  again 
subjected  to  smelting,  are  found  to  yield  10  per  cent,  of 
argentiferous  lead.  Ergasteria  has  many  furnaces,  and  a 
small  but  safe  port.  The  refuse  from  the  works  is  thrown 
into  the  sea  in  vast  quantities,  but  advantage  has  been  taken 
of  the  abundance  of  this  material  to  construct  a  pier  and  a 
quay.     Coal  and  coke  are  imported  from  England.     P.  3000. 

Ergenzingen,  fia'ghjnt-sing'^n,  a  village  of  Wiirtem- 
berg,  6  miles  W.N.W.  of  Rottenburg.     Pop.  1323. 

Ergree  Kastree,  a  Turkish  name  of  Argyro-Castro. 

Er'hard's  Grove,  a  township  of  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn. 
Pop.  275. 

Er'hart,  a  post-ofiice  of  Medina  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cleve- 
land &  Tuscarawas  Valley  Railroad,  24  miles  S.S.E.  of  Elyria. 
Its  station-name  is  Eharte. 

Ericeira,  i-re-si'e-rS,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Estrema* 
dura,  near  the  Atlantic,  22  miles  N.W.  of  Lisbon.  Pop. 
2091,  mostly  fishers. 

Erich,  a  town  of  India.    See  Erech. 

Er'icht,  a  river  of  Scotland,  E.  of  the  co.  of  Perth, 
flowing  into  the  Isla.    See  Loch  Ericht. 

Ericson,  or  Erickson,  fir'ik-s^n,  a  post-township  ot 
Renville  co.,  Minn.,  24  miles  S.  of  Willmar.     Pop.  180. 

E'rie,  Lake,  one  of  the  five  great  lakes  drained  by  the 
St.  L.awrence  River,  forms  part  of  the  boundary  between 
the  United  States  and  Canada.  It  is  the  most  shallow  of 
these  great  depressions  in  the  basin  of  the  St.  Lawrence, 
and  is  chiefly  supplied  with  water  which  comes  from  Lakes 
Superior,  Michigan,  and  Huron  through  the  Detroit  River. 
These  five  great  lakes  constitute  the  largest  collection  of 
fresh  water  on  the  globe.  Lake  Erie  washes  the  coasts  of 
Ohio,  New  York,  and  Pennsylvania,  which  it  separates  from 
the  British  province  of  Ontario.  It  is  about  240  miles  long, 
and  has  a  mean  breadth  of  40  miles,  the  greatest  breadth 
being  about  58  miles.  The  greatest  ascertained  depth  is 
said  to  be  270  feet,  and  the  mean  depth  not  more  than  120 
feet.  The  surface  is  elevated  565  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
sea.  It  has  an  area  of  about  9000  square  miles.  "  The  basin 
of  Lake  Erie,"  says  Professor  Hall,  "  is  in  the  bottom  of  a 
deep  valley  of  erosion  ;  and  on  its  eastern  and  southeastern 
side,  at  the  distance  of  4  to  8  miles,  an  escarpment  of  the 
higher  rocks  rises  to  an  elevation  of  from  500  to  800  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  lake.  The  corniferous  limestone  forms 
the  northern  m.argin  of  this  lake  for  many  miles,  and,  dij)- 
ping  southward,  probably  forms  its  bed,  as  the  small  depth 
of  the  lake  appears  to  indicate."  The  largest  affluents  of 
this  lake,  besides  the  Detroit  River,  are  the  Maumee,  San- 
dusky, Raisin,  and  Cuyahoga  Rivers.  Its  water  is  discharged 
through  the  Niagara  River,  which  issues  from  the  north- 
eastern end  of  the  lake.  The  principal  towns  and  harbors  on 
this  very  important  channel  of  commerce  are  Buff"alo,  Cleve- 
land, Toledo,  Erie,  Sandusky,  and  Dunkirk.    The  Erie  Canal 


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•Ttcnds  from  Buffalo  to  Albany,  and  oonncots  this  lake  with 
th«  Hudson  River.  The  navigation  is  closed  by  io«  for 
•ereral  months  in  winter.  Violent  storms  prevail  here  in 
•ome  seaaons  of  the  year,  especially  in  November  nnd  De- 
OMnb«r,  often  acoompaniud  with  diga.«trou8  shipwrecks. 

Erie,  a  county  in  the  west  part  of  New  Vorlc,  has  an 
area  of  about  1000  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  Tonawanda  Creek,  on  the  S.  by  Cattaraugus  Creek,  and 
on  the  W.  by  Lake  Erie  and  Niagara  River.  It  is  also 
drained  by  Buffalo  and  Cayuga  Crocks.  The  surface  is 
partly  undulating  and  partly  level,  and  extensively  covered 
with  forests  of  aah,  elm,  beech,  sugar-maple,  oak,  &c. ;  the 
toil  is  fertile  and  adapted  to  grain  and  pasturage.  Oats, 
hay,  wheat,  Indian  corn,  butter,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  has  beds  of  good  hydraulic  liuie- 
itone  or  cement,  and  quarries  of  cornifcrous  limestone,  a 
Taluable  material  fur  building.  It  is  intersected  by  lU  rail- 
roads, among  which  are  the  Grand  Trunk,  the  Michigan 
Central,  the  New  York,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis,  the  Western 
New  York  &  Pennsylvania,  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  & 
Western,  the  New  York  Central  A  Hudson  River,  the  Erie, 
and  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan  Southern.  The  Erie  Canal 
terminates  at  Buffalo,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in 
1870,  178,699;  in  1880,  219,884;  in  1890,  322,981. 

Erie,  a  county  in  the  northern  part  of  Ohio,  has  an  area 
of  about  260  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by 
Lake  Erie,  and  is  intersected  by  Huron  and  Vermilion 
Rivers.  The  surface  is  nearly  level;  the  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Among  the  forest  trees  are  the  chestnut  and  sugar-maple. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  has  quarries  of  fine  limestone  suitable  fur  build- 
ing. It  is  intersected  by  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad, 
the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railroad, 
the  Lake  Erie  A  Western  Railroad,  and  the  Lake  Shore  A 
Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  all  of  which  centre  at  San- 
dusky, the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  28,188;  in  1880,  32,640; 
in  1890,  .'15,462. 

£rie,  the  most  northwestern  county  of  Pennsylvania, 
has  an  area  of  about  770  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.AV.  by  Lake  Erie,  and  is  drained  by  Conneaut  and 
French  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively 
covered  with  dense  forests.  A  ridge  of  moderate  height 
extends  nearly  parellel  with  the  shore  of  Lake  Erie.  The 
soil  is  fertile,  contains  much  clay,  and  is  adapted  to  dairy- 
farming.  Oats,  Indian  corn,  butter,  hay,  wheat,  lumber, 
and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  The  rock  which  lies 
next  to  the  surface  is  Devonian  sandstone.  Iron  is  also 
found  here.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  the  New  York,  Chicago  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  the 
Erie  A  Pittsburg  Railroad,  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan 
Southern,  and  other  railroads.  Capital,  Erie.  Pop.  in  1870, 
65,973;  in  1880,  74,688;  in  1890,  86,074. 

Erie,  a  post-oflSce  of  San  Benito  co.,  Cal. 

Erie,  a  post-village  of  Weld  co..  Col.,  26  miles  by  rail 
N.  by  W.  of  Denver,  and  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Boulder.  It 
has  2  churches,  public  schools,  a  newspaper  office,  and  gen- 
eral business  stores  and  houses.  Pop.  in  1890,  662.  Here 
are  rich  coal-mines,  from  which  500  tons  of  coal  are  shipped 
daily. 

Erie,  a  post-village  of  Whiteside  co..  111.,  in  Erie  town- 
ship, near  Kock  River,  28  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Rock 
Island.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  a  creamery.     Pop.  in  1890,  635. 

Erie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.,  6  miles  E. 
of  Bedford.     It  has  a  church. 

Erie,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.,  bounded  S.  by  the 
Wabash,  and  traversed  by  the  Wabash  Railroad.    Pop.  678. 

Erie,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Neosho  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Neosho  River,  and  in  Erie  township,  16  miles  by  rail 
N.  of  Parsons,  and  40  miles  S.W.  of  Fort  Scott.  It  has  4 
churches,  2  banks,  a  high  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and 
manufactures  of  furniture.  Pop.  1176;  of  the  township, 
2296. 

Erie,  a  post- village  of  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  in  Erie  town- 
ship, li  miles  W.  of  Vienna  Station,  10  miles  S.  of  Monroe, 
and  about  44  miles  S.S.W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  3  churches 
and  a  graded  school.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  Lake  Erie.     Pop.  about  300 ;  of  the  township,  1463. 

Erie,  a  post-hamlet  of  McDonald  co.,  Mo.,  in  Erie  town- 
ship, about  34  miles  S.  of  Carthage.  It  has  a  church.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  615. 

Erie,  township,  Ottawa  co.,  0.,  on  Lake  Erie.    Pop.  455. 

Erie,  a  city  and  port  of  entry,  the  capital  of  Erie  CO., 
Pa.,  is  on  Lake  Erie,  88  miles  S.W.  of  Buffalo,  95  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Cleveland,  148  miles  N.  of  Pittsburg,  and  341 
miles  by  railroad  from  Harrisburg.  Lat.  42°  8'  N. ;  Ion. 
W  S'  W.    It  haa  a  safe,  landlocked  harbor,  which  is  4 


miles  long  by  1  mile  wide,  and  is  protected  by  the  islnnd 
of  Prcsque  Isle,  on  which  2  light-houses  have  been  eroded. 
Large  sums  are  annually  appropriated  by  Congrci's  for  the 
improvement  of  the  harbor.  Erie  is  the  N.  tcrminuH  of  the 
Erie  A  Pittsburg  Railroad,  and  is  connected  with  Buffalo, 
Cleveland,  nnd  Chicago  by  rail ;  it  is  also  a  terminus  of  the 
Philadelphia  A  Erie  Railroad.  It  is  lighted  by  electricity, 
and  natural  gas  is  found  in  Erie  and  its  suburbs.  The 
water- works  system  cf  Erie  is  valued  at  $1,500,000.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  an  opera-house,  a  custom-house,  a 
city  hall,  30  churches,  a  high  school,  an  academy,  a  con- 
vent, a  Catholic  orphan-house  and  hospital,  4  national 
banks  and  2  private  banks,  several  oil-refineries,  tanneries,' 
piano-factories,  planing-mills,  steam  flouring-mills,  and 
breweries,  and  manufactures  of  numerous  articles,  including 
railroad-cars,  engines  and  boilers,  and  all  kinds  of  iron, 
steel,  brass,  and  wood  products.  Four  daily,  3  Sunday, 
and  8  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Large  steam- 
boats ply  regularly  between  this  place  and  other  ports  on 
the  great  lakes.  The  chief  articles  of  export  are  coal,  oil, 
iron,  and  manufactured  products.  The  lake  imports  in- 
clude flour,  iron  ore,  lumber,  Ac.  Erie  is  the  see  of  a  Cath- 
olic bishop.  Pop.  in  1860,9419;  in  1870,  19,646;  in  1880, 
27,737;  in  1890,  40,634. 

Erie,  or  Blue  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Loudon  co., 
Tcnn.,  about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Knoxville.    It  has  2  churches, 

E'rieville,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Nel- 
son township,  on  the  West  Shore  A  Buffalo  Railroad,  29 
miles  S.E.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  2  churches,  a  steam  saw- 
mill, 2  cheese-factories,  and  a  reservoir  for  the  Eric  Canal. 
Pop.  about ,250. 

Erigon,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Vistritz. 

Erih,  an  island  in  the  Red  Sea.    See  Eree. 

Erilia,  a  village  of  Palestine.    See  Jehicho. 

Erin,  the  ancient  name  of  Ireland. 

E'rin,  a  post-office  of  Meriwether  co.,  Ga.,  about  44 
miles  S.  of  Atlanta. 

Erin,  a  township  of  Stephenson  oo.,  111.  Pop.  877.  It 
contains  the  village  of  Eleroy. 

Erin,  a  township  of  Macomb  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  St. 
Clair.     Pop.  2443. 

Erin,  a  township  of  Rice  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  564. 

Erin,  a  hamlet  of  Calhoun  co.,  Miss.,  about  44  miles  W. 
of  Aberdeen. 

Erin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chemung  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Erin 
township,  on  the  Utica,  Ithaca  A  Elmira  Railroad,  13  miles 
N.E.  of  Elmira.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
cheese  and  lumber,  and  near  it  is  a  mineral  spring  of  some 
repute.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1561. 

Erin,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Houston  co.,  Tenn.,  is 
near  the  Cumberland  River,  28  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of 
Clarksville.  It  has  6  churches,  a  bank,  a  college,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  wagon-fiictory,  a  stove-factory,  Ac.    Pop.  798. 

Erin,  a  station  in  Knox  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  East  Tennes- 
see, Virginia  A  Georgia  Railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Knoxville. 

Erin,apost-villageof  St.  Croixco.,  Wis.,  in  Erin  Prairie 
township,  about  24  miles  N.E.  of  Hudson.  It  has  a  church 
and  several  stores. 

Erin,  a  township  of  Washington  co..  Wis.  Pop.  1183. 
Post-office,  Toland's  Prairie. 

Erin,  a  post-village  in  Wellington  co.,  Ontario,  on  a 
branch  of  the  river  Credit,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Guelph.  It 
contains  a  woollen-factory,  saw-,  grist-,  and  lath-mills, 
stave-  and  potash-factories,  a  tannery,  lime-  and  freestone- 
quarries,  and  several  stores  and  hotels.     Pop.  600. 

Erino-Kastro,fir'e-no-k4s'troor8r-c-no'-kls-tro(8nc. 
7'hes'pin  f),  a  village  of  Greece,  government  and  10  miles 
W.  of  Thebes,  on  the  slope  of  Mount  Zngros  (anc.  Hel'icon), 

Erin  Prairie,  township,  St.  Croix  co.,  Wis.   Pop.  1203. 

Erin  Shades,  shadz,  a  post-office  of  Henrico  co.,  Va. 

Erin  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  the  Chickasaw  Nation, 
Indian  Territory,  105  miles  W.  of  Caddo.     It  has  a  church. 

E'rinville,  a  post-village  in  Guysborough  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  18  miles  from  Guysborough.     Pop.  100. 

Erisay,  5r'e-si\  an  islet  of  the  Hebrides,  between  Harris 
and  North  Uist. 

Eriskay,  6r'is-ki\  an  islet  of  the  Hebrides,   imme-* 
diately  S.  of  South  Uist,  2  miles  in  length  from  N.  to  S. 
It  is  the  place  where  Prince  Charles  Edward  Stuart  first 
landed,  in  1745. 

Erivan,  Sr-e-v&n'  (Russ.  pron.  y8r-y?-vin';  L.  Erlva'- 
na),  a  fortified  town  of  Russia,  capital  of  a  government  of 
its  own  name,  on  the  Zenghi,  an  affluent  of  the  Araxes,  115 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Tiflis.  It  is  ill  built,  but  has  a  large  bazaar, 
several  Armenian  churches,  an  Armenian  convent,  a  Greek 
church,  mosques,  and  curious  aqueducts.  Near  it  is  a  cita- 
del on  a  scarped  rock,  in  which  are  the  governor's  residence, 


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1133 


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a  fine  mosque,  a  cannon-foundry,  and  barracks.  It  has  some 
manufactures  of  cotton  stuffs,  leather,  and  earthenware,  is 
a  station  for  caravans  fromXiflis  and  Erzroom,  and  has  con- 
siderable trade  with  Russia  and  Turkey.  It  was  taken  by 
the  Russians  in  1827.     Pop.  15,040. 

lilrivan,  a  government  of  Russia,    in   Transcaucasia, 
foriuerly  a  part  of  Armenia,  is  bounded  W.  by  Turkey  and 
S.  by  Persia.     Area.,  10,670  square  miles.    Capital,  Erivan. 
p'oi).  547,693. 
J^rivati,  the  former  name  of  the  Irrawaddy. 
£rjish,  a  Turkish  name  for  ArG/Eus. 
£rkelciiz,  Sa'k^h-ISnts^  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
23  miles  by  rail  N.N.B.  of  Aix-la-Chapello.    Pop.  4183,  en- 
(faged  in  linen-weaving  and  lace-making. 

Erkcne,  ^R'kd'ni,  a  river  of  European  Turkey,  having 
its  sources  in  the  Little  Balkan  Mountains,  near  Viza,  lat. 
41°  30'  N.,  Ion.  27°  40'  E.  It  flows  first  S.S.W.  for  about 
IS  or  20  miles,  then  turns  W.  by  N.  and  falls  into  the 
Maritza  at  Jezar  Erkene,  lat.  41°  30'  N.,  Ion.  26°  35'  E. 
Length,  60  miles. 

Erkcnek,  5R'ki-n5k\  a  village  and  pass  in  Mount 
Taurus,  in  Asiatic  Turkey;  the  pass  is  45  miles  N.E.  of 
Soraeisat,  on  the  Euphrates;  elevation,  3828  feet. 

Eriach,  dR'lJ,K  (Fr.  Cerlier,  shi^\o-k'),  a  town  of  Swit- 
zerland, canton  of  Bern,  on  the  Lake  of  Bienno,  24  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Bern.     Pop.  685. 

Eriangcn,  5ii'lSiig?n,  orErlang,  Sre'Ilng,  a  town  of 
Bavaria,  11  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Nuremberg.  It  is  walled, 
and  divided  into  an  old  and  a  new  town,  which  latter  is 
one  of  the  best-built  places  in  Germany.  Here  is  the  only 
Protestant  university  in  Bavaria,  founded  in  1743.  This 
institution  has  faculties  of  theology,  medicine,  .and  arts, 
museums  of  natural  histor}',  a  library  of  110,000  volumes, 
and  a  botanic  garden.  The  town  has  manufactures  of  wool- 
len goods,  hosiery,  h.ats,  gloves,  and  leather,  a  plate-glass- 
factory,  breweries,  and  an  active  trade  in  cattle.  Pop.  in 
1875,  13,597  ;  in  1890,  17,565. 

Erlail,  Sr'Iow  (Ilun.  Eger,  i^gaiR'),  a  town  of  Hungary, 
capital  of  the  co.  of  Ileves,  on  the  Erlau  or  Eger,  67  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Pesth.  It  is  entered  by  six  gates,  and  has 
a  cathedral,  a  bishop's  palace,  a  diocesan  lycoum  with  a 
library  and  observatory,  a  gymnasium,  high  schools,  and 
various  public  institutions.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  largo  trade 
in  fine  red  wines  raised  in  its  vicinity,  and  has  also  manu- 
factures of  woollen  and  linen  fabrics.     Pop.  (1890)  22,166. 

Eribach,  dRl'b^K,  or  Markt-Erlbach,  mankt-^Rl'- 
biK,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Middle  Franoonia,  16  miles 
N.W.  of  Nuremberg.     Pop.  1264. 

Erienbach,  SR'l§n-blK\  a  village  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton and  20  miles  S.E.  of  Bern,  on  the  Simmen  River,  at  the 
foot  of  the  Stockorn  Mountain.     Pop.  1440. 

Ermatingen,  SR'm3,-ting'?n,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
eanton  of  Thurgau,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  Untersee,  4  miles 
W.  of  Constance.     Pop.  1732. 

Ermeland,  5R'm§h-lint^  (L.  War'mfa;  Fr.  Warmie, 
vaR^mee'),  an  old  division  of  Poland,  now  comprised  in  the 
Prussian  government  of  Kiinigsberg.  It  is  a  Catholic  dio- 
cese, with  the  bishop's  see  at  Frauenburg. 

Ermelo,  fia^m^h-lo',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Gelderland,  4  miles  S.  of  Ilarderwick.     Pop.  1011. 

Ermenonville,5R^meh-n6^'<'H•cel',a  village  of  France, 
in  Oise,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Seiilis.     Pop.  438. 

Erment,  a  village  of  Upper  Egypt.     See  Armekt. 

Ermineeyeh,  or  Erminiyeh.     See  Armenia. 

Ermont,  fiR^miNo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine-et- 
Oise,  9i  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Paris.     Pop.  647. 

Ernisleben,  6Rms'lA,-ben,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
on  the  Solke,  6  miles  by  rail'  E.  of  Ballenstlidt.     Pop.  2965. 

Erne,  §rn,  a  river  and  two  celebrated  lakes  of  Ireland, 
in  Ulster.  The  river  issues  from  Lake  Ganny,  co.  of  Cavan, 
and,  flowing  N.,  merges  into  Upper  and  Lower  Lough  Erne, 
and  thence  flows  into  Donegal  Bay.  Near  Ballyshannon  it 
forms  a  fine  cataract.  The  scenery  on  its  banks  and  on  its 
two  lakes  is  magnificent.  United  length  of  the  two  lakes 
and  their  connecting  river,  about  60  miles.  The  lakes  are 
studded  with  numerous  islets. 

Ern^c,  Sr^u^',  a  town  of  France,  in  Mayenne,  on  an 
affluent  of  the  Mayenne,  17  miles  N.N.W.  of  Laval.  It  has 
a  college  and  manufactures  of  needles.     Pop,  3785. 

Eriiestown  (ernz'town)  Station,  a  post-village  in 
Lennox  co.,  Ontario,  15  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Kingston.  It 
contains  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  150. 

Ernsdorf,  fiuns'doRf,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Silesia, 
in  the  circle  of  Breslau  and  district  of  Reichenbach.  Pop. 
4878.     It  has  cotton-mills. 

Ernstbrunn,  jRnst'broon,  or  Ehrensbrunn,i'r9ns- 
briiOn^,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  a  beautiful  valley,  12  miles 


N.  of  Korneuburg.  About  2  miles  N.W.,  on  a  height, 
stands  the  castle  of  Ernstbrunn.     Pop.  841. 

Eriisthal,  ^Rns'tai,  a  town  of  Saxony,  12  miles  N.E, 
of  Zwickau.     Pop.  3887.    It  has  manufactures  of  woollens. 

Ernst'viile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Potomac  River,  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Canal,  and  tha 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  i  mile  from  Cherry  Run. 

Erpel,  Sr'p^I,  a  town  of  Prussia,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Co- 
blentz,  on  the  Rhine.     Pop.  993. 

Erpdngen,  dnp'fing-^n,  a  village  of  AViirtcmberg,  10 
miles  S.  of  Reutlingen.     Pop.  803. 

Erphordia,  a  Latin  name  of  Erfitiit. 

Er-Ram,  a  village  of  Palestine.    See  Ramah. 

Er-Kashecd,  the  Arabic  for  Rosetta,  in  Egy])t. 

Er'ris,  a  maritime  district  of  Ireland,  in  the  N.W.  part 
of  the  CO.  of  Mayo,  with  a  singularly  wild  and  desolate 
mountain-scenery.     Pop.  17,953. 

Er'rishead,  a  lofty  promontory  in  the  above  district, 
forms  the  W.  point  of  the  Bay  of  Brosidhaven. 

Erroad,  erVod',  a  town  of  India,  in  Madras,  55  miles 
N.E.  of  Coimbatoor.     Lat.  11°  21'  N.;  Ion.  77°  45'  E. 

Er'rol,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Perth,  on  the  Tay, 
10  miles  AV.S.AV.  of  Dundee. 

Er'rol,  a  post-township  of  Coos  co.,  N.II.,  is  boundec 
on  the  E.  by  Umbagog  Lake,  and  drained  by  Androscoggin 
River.     Pop.  178. 

Er'rol,  a  post-village  in  Lambton  co.,  Ontario,  on  Lake 
Huron,  12  miles  E.  of  Point  Edward.     Pop.  100. 

Er^roman'ga,  an  island  of  the  New  Hebrides,  wher« 
the  missionary  AVilliams  was  murdered.  It  is  about  as  largo' 
as  Tanna,  but  not  so  mountainous.  The  principal  anchorage 
is  Dillon's  Bay.  The  number  of  inhabitants  is  supposed  to 
be  about  2000.    See  New  IlEBUinES. 

Erronan,  firVo-nin',  or  Footoona,  foo-too'nil,  an 
island  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  in  New  Hebrides.  Lat.  19°  31' 
S.;  Ion.  170°  8'  E. 

Erroob,  in  Australia.    See  Dau-vlky  Irlavd. 

Erroor',  a  small  maritime  town  of  British  Indi.a,  50 
miles  S.E.  of  Calicut. 

Ersck-Ujvar,  Sr^sh^k'-oo'e-van',  or  Ncnh'iusel, 
noi'hoi's^l,  a  town  of  Hungary,  17  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of 
Sellye,  on  the  Neutra,  Pop.  9483.  It  has  a  Franciscan  and 
a  normal  school. 

Ers'kine,  a  st.ation  on  the  Evansvillc  &  Crawfordsvillo 
Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Evansvillc,  Ind. 

Erskine,  a  post-vill.age  of  Passaic  co.,  N.J.,  in  Pomp- 
ton  township,  on  Ringwood  River,  and  on  the  Ringwood 
Branch  of  the  New  York  &  Greenwood  Lake  Railroad,  36 
miles  N.W.  of  Jerfey  City.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy, 
and  a  saw-mill.  It  is  sometimes  called  Boardville.  Pop. 
about  200. 

Erstein,  fiR'stino,  a  town  of  Alsace,  on  the  111,  12  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Strasburg.  It  has  manufactures  of  cotton  goods, 
cordage,  tobacco,  tiles,  and  earthenware.     Pop.  3662. 

Ertingen,  fiR'ting-en,  a  village  of  WUrtemberg,  5  milej 
by  rail  S.  of  Riedlingen".     Pop.  1931. 

Ertvaag-oe,  §Rt'vog-o'6h,  an  island  of  Norway.  Lat. 
63°  13'  N.;  Ion,  8°  20'  E,  Length  and  breadth,  about  12 
miles  each. 

Ertvelde,  inOvSl'd^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  9  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  3050, 

Eriislan,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Yerosi.ax. 

Eruthra  Thalassa,  the  Greek  for  the  Red  Sea. 

Ervaz,  Sn-vits',  or  Ervazze,  fia-vit'si,  a  vilhige  of 
Austria,  in  Dalmatia,  17  miles  N.N.E.  of  Spalato,  near  the 
Cettina. 

Er'vin,  a  post-vill.age  of  Howard  co.,  Ind.,  in  Irvin 
township,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Logansport,  and  10  miles  W. 
of  Kokomo.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  township,  1316. 

Kr'ving,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  in  Erving 
township,  on  Miller's  River,  14  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Green- 
field. It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  chairs,  sash, 
doors,  pails,  wooden  boxes,  piano-cases,  and  piano-legs. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  972. 

Ervy,  dR^'ce',  a  town  of  France,  in  Aube,  19  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Troyes.     Pop.  1675. 

Erwa,  fin'wd^  an  island  in  the  Red  Sea,  one  of  the 
Dhalak  group.     It  is  about  12  miles  in  circumference. 

Er'wash,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Nottingham,  falls 
into  the  Trent  4  miles  S.W.  of  Nottingham, 

Er'win,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuyler  co.,  111.,  in  Camden 
township,  on  La  Moin  River,  about  42  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Quincy.     It  has  2  churches. 

Erwin,  a  post-township  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  about  3 
miles  W.  of  Corning,  is  drained  by  the  Conhocton  and 
Canisteo  Rivers,  which  unite  on  its  E.  border,  and  is  intep- 
sected  by  the  Erie  Railroad,  on  which  are  Erwin  Post-Offio* 


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ftsd  Station,  0  miles  W.  of  Corning.    It  hu  manufocturos  of 
brioki  »nd  lumber.     Pup.  2034. 

JSrwin,  %  po«t-vlll»ge  of  KingKbarjr  oo.,  S.D.,  40  miles 
bj  r»ll  N.  by  W.  of  Miidii-on.     It  has  »  church.     Pop.  100. 

Erwin*  a  post-viilAge,  capital  of  Unicoi  oo.,  Tenn.,  16 
miles  hj  r»il  S.  of  Johnson  City,  and  16  miles  (direct)  E. 
of  Qreenerille.  It  has  b  ohurcbes,  an  academy,  a  newspaper 
oiSoe,  a  law-mill,  Ac.    Pop.  about  300. 

Erwin'nav  a  post-rilluge  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Delaware  River,  ak)out  20  miles  below  Easton. 

Er'winsville,  a  post-oOioo  of  Cleveland  oo.,  N.C.,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Shelby. 

Erythrieum  Marc.    See  Rrd  Ska.. 

Eryx«  the  ancient  name  of  Lgkici. 

Eriberg,  dRts'bdRO  ("ore  mountain"),  a  colobratcd 
mining  district  of  Styria.  The  town  of  Eisoncrz  lies  at  the 
foot  of  the  Erzborg  Mountain  ;  and  horo,  for  upwards  of  1000 
years,  e-xtcnsivo  iron-mines  have  been  in  operation.  On  tho 
summit  of  the  mountain  an  iron  crucifix,  25  feet  in  elevation, 
vas  erected  by  the  Archduko  John  in  1823.   Seo  Eiskneiiz. 

Erzcil)  dii'zSn  (ano.  ArziriHo'rum  Op'pidumt  or  Thos'- 
pia  /),  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  85  miles  E.  of  Diarbekir, 
on  tho  Erzcn  River,  an  affluent  of  the  Tigris.  Near  it,  on 
the  E.,  is  tho  small  lake  Thospitis. 

Erzengan,  dr^zon-g&n',  or  Erzingcn,  (r^zin-gh6n',  a 
town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  in  a  plain  on  the  Euphrates,  75  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Erzroom.     It  is  said  to  comprise  3000  houses. 

Erzcroum,  or  Erzcriim.    See  Erzroou. 

ErZ'Gebirge,  dRts'ga-bd^^R'gb^h  ("ore  mountains"),  a 
mountain-chain  of  Germany,  bounding  Saxony  on  the  E. 
and  Bohemia  on  tho  N.W.,  and  extending  from  tho  Fichtol- 
berg  N.E.  to  the  Saxon  Switzerland.  Total  length,  about 
120  miles;  average  breadth,  25  miles;  average  height,  2500 
feet,  but  the  Schwarzwald  rises  to  4500  feet.  It  is  abrupt 
on  its  S.E.  side,  mostly  of  primary  formation,  and  yields 
numerous  metallic  ores,  whence  its  name. 

Erzingen,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Erzexgas. 

Erzroom,  Erzroum,  Erzram,  Erzeroum,  or 
Erzcrum,  erz'room',  vfritten  also  Arzroom,  arzVoom' 
(ano.  Arzen  t),  tho  principal  city  of  Armenia,  in  Asiatic 
Turkey,  capital  of  a  vilayet  of  tho  same  name,  on  a  large 
elevated  plain  on  tho  Kard-Soo,  or  W.  branch  of  the  Eu- 
phrates, 120  miles  S.E.  of  Trebizond,  and  155  miles  W.  of 
Mount  Ararat.  It  is  partly  enclosed  by  a  wall  30  feet  high, 
and  has  an  extensive  citadel.  The  streets  are  narrow,  filthy, 
and  infested  with  dogs ;  the  houses  are  mostly  of  mud,  tim- 
ber, or  sun-dried  bricks.  The  principal  buildings  are  tho 
Armenian  and  Greek  churches  and  schools,  about  40  mosques, 
a  large  custom-house,  and  numerous  khans  or  caravansaries. 
It  has  a  Catholic  bishop  of  tho  Armenian  rite.  Erzroom 
has  an  extensive  trade  with  all  tho  adjacent  countries,  and 
is  a  chief  halting-station  for  caravans  going  from  Teheran 
to  Mecca.  The  imports  comprise  shawls,  silk,  cotton,  to- 
bacco, rice,  indigo,  madder,  and  rhubarb  from  the  E.,  and 
broadcloths,  chintzes,  shawls,  and  cutlery  from  the  W.  by 
way  of  the  Black  Sea.  Its  vicinity  is  extremely  fertile ;  and 
near  it  many  cattle,  horses,  mules,  and  sheep  are  reared, 
which,  with  furs,  galls,  Ac,  form  the  principal  exports. 
Erzroom  was  founded  about  415,  near  the  site  of  the  ancient 
Arze,  under  the  name  of  TheodoaiopoUs ;  and  it  was  the 
bulwark  of  Armenia  under  the  Byzantines,  as  it  still  is  un- 
der the  Turks,  its  position  rendering  it  an  important  mili- 
tary post.  Erzroom  is  supposed  to  be  a  corruption  of  Ardz- 
Room,  i.e.,  "the  land  of  Rome;"  the  Turks  sometimes 
applying  the  name  Room  (or  Rome)  to  any  territory  that 
was  recognized  as  forming  a  part  of  the  ancient  Roman  or 
Byzantine  empire.     Pop.  estimated  from  55,000  to  100,000. 

Erzroom,  or  Erzroum,  a  vilayet  of  Armenia,  one 
of  the  great  subdivisions  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  mostly  between 
lat.  39°  and  41°  N.  and  Ion.  39°  and  44°  E.,  having  N.AV. 
tho  pashalio  of  Trebizond,  S.W.  and  S.  Karpoot,  Diarbekir, 
and  Van,  and  E.  and  N.E.  Persia  and  the  Russian  district 
of  Transcaucasia.  It  is  a  lofty  table-land,  elevation  esti- 
mated at  6000  feet,  and  traversed  from  E.  to  W,  by  several 
mountain-chains,  and  contains  the  sources  of  the  Euphrates, 
Araxes,  Koor,  and  Choruk  Rivers.  Tho  winter  and  spring 
climate  is  severe,  but  the  summer  heat  is  considerable.  It 
has  many  extensive  and  fertile  valleys,  producing  rye, 
barley,  flax,  and  fine  fruits,  and  rich  pasturages,  feeding 
numerous  herds  of  cattle,  &a.  It  is  subdivided  into  the 
districts  of  Erzroom,  Ipsera,  Bayazeed,  «fcc. ;  the  principal 
towns  are  of  the  same  names. 

Esa,  a  river  of  Italy.    See  Lys. 

Es'bon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas,  about  50 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Edgar,  Neb.     It  has  a  church,  an  acad- 
emy, and  bimber-mills.     Pop.  about  150. 
Escalaplano,  i8-k&-l&-pl&'no,  or  Scalaplauo,  sk&- 


l&-pl&'no,  a  village  on  the  island  of  Sardinia,  16  miles  E, 
of  Isili.     Pop.  1422. 

Escalda,  a  Spanish  name  for  tho  river  Scdelpt. 

EMcaloiia,  ds-k&-lo'n&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
28  miles  N.\V.  of  Toledo,  on  tho  Albcrcho.     Pop.  970. 

Escaloua,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  12  miles  N. 
of  Segovia.     Pop.  904. 

Encalonilla,  d8-k&-lo-necry&,  a  village  of  Spain,  in 
New  Castile,  20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  2256. 

Kftcambia,  Ss-k&m'be-^  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of 
Alabama,  has  an  area  of  abuut  972  sauaro  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Conecuh  and  Escambia  Rivers,  tho  Cedar 
and  other  creeks.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  a  large 
part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  pine  abounds ; 
the  soil  is  sandy  and  inferior.  It  produces  a  little  cotton 
and  Indian  corn,  lihis  county  is  traversed  by  the  Louis- 
ville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  which  passes  through  Brewton, 
the  capital.  Organized  in  1868.  Pop.  in  1870,4041;  in 
1880,  6719;  in  1890,  8666. 

Escambia,  the  most  western  county  of  Florida,  has  an 
area  of  about  680  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
the  Escambia  River,  on  the  S.  by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and 
on  the  \V.  by  the  Perdido  River,  which  separates  it  from 
Baldwin  co.,  Ala.  The  surface  is  nearly  level ;  tho  soil  is 
sandy  and  poor.  Here  are  extensive  forests  of  small  pine 
trees.  Sugar-cane,  maize,  and  rice  are  the  chief  products 
of  the  soil.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Louisville  A, 
Nashville  and  Pensacola  &  Perdido  Railroads,  both  com- 
municating with  Pensacola,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
7817;  in  1880,  12,156;  in  1890,  20,188. 

Escambia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Escambia  co.,  Fla.,  4  mile* 
from  Oaktield  Station,  which  is  6  miles  N.  of  Pensacola.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Escambia  lliver  rises  in  Monroe  eo.,  Ala.,  and  runs 
southward  through  Escambia  co.  into  Florida.  It  forms  the 
eastern  boundary  of  Escambia  oo.  of  Florida,  and  enters  Pen- 
sacola Bay.  It  is  navigable  to  the  mouth  of  the  Conecuh 
River.  The  latter  is  usually  treated  as  an  affluent  of  the 
Escambia,  but  it  is  longer  than  that  river. 

Escanaba,  Escanawba,  or  Esconawba,  Ss^ki- 
naw'ba,  a  city,  capital  of  Delta  co.,  Mich.,  is  on  the  extreme 
N.  of  Urecn  Bay,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Escanaba  River, 
in  a  township  of  its  own  name,  and  on  the  Peninsular  di- 
vision of  tho  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad.  By  rail- 
road it  is  73  miles  S.S.E.  of  Marquette,  and  1 15  miles  N.N.E. 
of  the  city  of  Green  Bay.  It  has  7  churches,  2  banks, 
graded  schools,  3  newspaper  offices,  several  large  saw-mills, 
2  first-class  hotels,  and  machine-shops  of  the  railroad. 
Large  quantities  of  iron  ore  and  lumber  are  shipped  here. 
Pop.  in  1890,  6808;  of  the  township,  724  additional.  Here 
are  6  ore-docks,  erected  at  a  cost  of  $1,500,000. 

Escanaba  (or  Escanawba)  River,  Michigan,  rise* 
in  Marquette  co.,  runs  southeastward  through  Delta  co.,  and 
enters  the  Little  Bay  de  Noquct,  which  is  a  part  of  Lake 
Michigan.     It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Escataw'pa,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Ala., 
on  tho  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  50  miles  N.N. W.  of  Mobile. 
It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  rosin,  and 
turpentine. 

Escataw'pa  (or  Escatap'pa)  River  rises  in  Wash- 
ington CO.,  Ala.,  runs  nearly  southward,  and  intersects  Mo- 
bile CO.,  from  which  it  passes  into  tho  state  of  Mississippi. 
It  enters  the  Pascagoula  River  6  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Escatron,  ds-ki-trOn',  a  town  of  Spain,  42  miles  S.E. 
of  Saragossa,  near  the  Ebro.     Pop.  2696. 

Escaudain,  ds'ko'd&N»',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord, 
8  miles  S.W.  of  Valenciennes.     Pop.  2377. 

Escaut,  a  river  of  France  and  Belgium.    See  Scheldt. 

Esch,  fish,  a  town  of  the  grand  duchy  of  Luxemburg, 
10  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Luxemburg.     Pop.  3385. 

Eschaii,  fish'Cw,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Lower  Fran- 
conia,  on  the  Elsava,  30  miles  AV.  of  WUrzburg.     Pop.  932. 

Eschelbach,  4sh'?l-biK\  a  village  of  Baidcn,  circle  of 
Lower  Rhine,  near  Wiesloch.     Pop.  1240. 

Eschenau,  6sh'§n-ow\  a  village  of  Wiirtcmberg,  6 
miles  E.  of  AVeinsberg,  with  a  church  and  a  castle.    P.  1008. 

Eschenbach,  5sh'§n-b4K',  a  town  of  Bavaria,  27  miles 
S.E.  of  Baireuth.     Pop.  1388. 

Eschenbach,  fish'?n-blK\  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  6  miles  N.  of  Lucerne.     Pop.  1194. 

Eschenz,  fish'fints,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Thurgau,  on  the  Rhine,  13  miles  E.S.E.  of  SchafThausen, 
consisting  of  Ober  and  Unter  Eschenz.     Pop.  1021. 

Eschcrshausen,  Ssh'^rs-how^z^n,  a  village  of  Bruns- 
wick, on  the  Lenne.     Pop.  1261,  engaged  in  linen-weaving. 

Eschmuneiu,  a  village  of  Egypt.    See  Osumoo.neyn. 

Escho),  Perry  co.,  Pa.    See  EsacoL. 


ESC 


1135 


ESK 


Escholzmatt,  ash'olts-mitt^  a  village  of  Switzerland, 

canton  of  Lucerne,  3000  feet  above  sea-level.     Pop.  3074. 

Eschrefi',  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Ashrufp. 

£schscholtz  or  Escholtz  (Ssh'olts)  Bay,  an  inlet 
of  Kotzebue  Sound,  in  Behring  Strait,  Alaska,  near  the 
Arctic  Circle.     Lon.  161°  10' W. 

Eschwege,  fish'^i'gh^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse- 
Nassau,  on  the  Werra,  26  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Cassel. 
lihns  manufactures  of  woollens  and  linens.     Pop.  7742. 

Eschweiler,  4sh'\ti-l§r,  a  town  of  Prussia,  at  a  railway- 
junction,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Aix-la-Chapelle.  It  is  the 
feat  of  large  and  varied  manufacturing  and  mining  indus- 
tries.    Pop.  15,525. 

Escocia  and  Escoces.    See  Scotland. 

Escoheag,  fis*ko-h5g',  a  post-office  of  Kent  cc,  R.I., 
about  17  miles  (direct)  AV.S.W.  of  East  Greenwich. 

Escondido,  5s-kon-dee'do  (i.e.,  "hidden"  or  "shel- 
tered"), a  harbor  of  Cuba,  on  its  E.  coast,  60  miles  E.  of 
Santiago. 

Escondido,  a  harbor  of  Venezuela,  state  of  Falcon,  on 
the  N.  coast  of  the  peninsula  of  Paraguana. 

Escondido,  a  harbor  of  the  republic  of  Colombia,  on 
the  E.  side  of  the  Bay  of  Panama,  140  miles  S.E.  of  Pan- 
ama. 

Escondido,  a  harboi  '  i  the  Gulf  of  California,  in  lat. 
25°  65'  N.,  Ion.  110°  45'  W.,  near  Loreto. 

Escondido,  a  harbor  of  Yucatan,  at  the  N.E.  extremity 
of  Lake  Terminos.  Lat.  18°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  91°  5'  W.  It  is 
the  name  of  the  channel  from  Lake  Terminos  into  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico,  nnd  of  the  Bluefields  River,  in  Nicaragua. 

Escondido,  a  post-village  of  San  Diego  co.,  Cal.,  63 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  San  Diego.  It  has  6  churches,  a  bank, 
2  newspaper  offices,  and  public  schools.     Pop.  541. 

Esccrial,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Escubial. 

Escoriuza,  5s-ko-re-i'thi,  a  town  of  Spain,  33  miles 
S.AV.  of  St.  Sebastian,  with  mineral  springs.     Pop,  740. 

Es'cott,  a  post-village  in  Leeds  co.,  Ontario,  5  miles 
S.W.  of  Mallorytown.  Copper  ore  is  found  in  the  vicinity. 
It  contains  2  saw-mills  and  2  cheese-factories.     Pop.  200. 

Escudo,  5s-koo'do,  an  island  in  the  Caribbean  Sea,  9 
miles  from  the  N.  coast  of  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  Lat. 
9°  6'  24"  N. ;  Ion.  81°  34'  30"  AV. 

Escudo  de  Veragua,  5s-koo'do  di  vi-ri'gwl,  a  river 
dividing  Central  from  South  America,  flows  into  the  Carib- 
oean  Sea. 

Escuintia,  8s-kweent'lS,,  a  town  of  Central  America, 
state  and  35  miles  S.W.  of  Guatemala.     Pop.  2500. 

Escula'pia,  a  post-hamlet  and  watering-place  of  Lewis 
CO.,  Ky.,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Maysville,  It  is  in  a  delightful 
valley  and  has  sulphur  springs. 

Escurial,  Ss-koo-re-il',  or  Escorial,  5s-ko-re-il',  a 
town  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  province  and  32  miles  S.E, 
of  Caeeres.     Pop,  183". 

Escurial,  Escorial,  or  Escorial  de  Abajo,  Ss- 
ko-re-il'  di  i-bi'Ho,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  24  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Madrid,  on  the  S.E.  slope  of  the  Sierra 
Guadarrama.  It  is  remarkable  for  the  celebrated  monas- 
tery and  palace  of  the  Escurial  in  its  vicinity,  built  by 
Philip  II.,  which  contains  a  magnificent  mausoleum  for  the 
members  of  the  royal  family,  and  an  extensive  collection  of 
rare  paintings,  books,  and  MSS.  It  was  set  on  fire  by 
lightning  and  partially  destroyed  in  1872. 

Esdaile,  ezMal',  a  post-village  of  Pierce  co.,  Wis.,  in 
Ilartland  township,  on  the  Isabella  River,  8  miles  N.E.  of 
Red  Wing,  Minn.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and 
a  manufactory  of  spokes  and  hubs, 

Esdraelon,  Ss-dra-ee'lon,  Esdrclon,  fis-droc'lon,  or 
Plain  of  Jezreel,'jez're-el  (Turk.  MerJ  Iboo  Ameer), 
a  famous  plain  of  Pale:stine,  S.  of  Acre,  between  Mounts 
Carmel  on  the  W.  and  Hermon  and  Gilboa  on  the  E.  It 
is  highly  fertile,  and  is  watered  by  the  Kishon,  It  has  been 
the  scene  of  numerous  combats,  both  in  ancient  and  modern 
times, 

Escns,  Sz'Snss  or  i'zJnss,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover, 
near  the  North  Sea,  26  miles  N.E.  of  Emden.     Pop.  2114. 

Esgueira,  fis-gi'e-ri,  a  village  of  Portugal,  in  Beira, 
22  miles  N.E.  of  Aveiro.     It  has  a  Benedictine  convent. 

Esh,  a  cbapelry  of  England,  co.  and  4  miles  W.  of  Dur- 
ham. Pop.  2294.  Here  are  coal-mines,  and  1  mile  B.  is 
the  great  Roman  Catholic  College  of  Ushaw. 

Esh'bach,  a  post-village  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  12  miles  N. 
of  Pottstown. 

Esh'col,  a  post-village  of  Perry  co.,  Pa.,  about  34  miles 
(direct)  W.N.W .  of  Harrisburg.     It  has  2  churches,  Ac. 

Esh'er,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  15  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  London.  In  this  parish  the  royal  palace  of 
Claremont  was  built  by  the  great  Lord  Clive,  and  purchased 


for  the  residence  of  Princess  Charlotte  and  Prince  Leo- 

Eold  in- 1816.  It  was  the  residence  of  Louis  Phili])pe  after 
is  abdication  in  1848.  Esher  Place  is  a  splendid  Gothic 
structure,  once  occupied  by  Cardinal  Wolsey,  Pop,  of 
parish,  1460, 

Eshmouneyn,  a  village  of  Egypt,     See  Oshmoonevn, 

Esh'temo'a,  an  ancient  town  of  Palestine,  identified 
with  the  village  of  Semooa  or  Semua,  8  miles  S,  of  Hebron. 

Esiano,  i-sc-5,'no,  a  village  on  the  island  of  Sardinia, 
on  the  elevated  plateau  of  Planargia,     Pop,  1500. 

Esiglie,  a  village  of  Italy.    See  Exilles, 

Esine,  i-seo'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Brescia, 
4  miles  S.  of  Breno,  on  the  Oglio.     Pop.  1502. 

Esino,  i-see'no,  a  river  of  Italy,  in  the  Marches,  rises 
on  the  N.  slope  of  the  Apennines,  flows  N.AV.,  and  enters 
the  Adriatic  7  miles  N.AV.  of  Ancona.     Length,  4U  miles, 

Esk',  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Cumberland,  rises  in  Sea- 
Fell,  and  flows  S.AV.  for  20  miles  into  the  Irish  Sea,  near 
Ravenglass. 

Esk,  5sk,  a  beautiful  lake  of  Ireland,  in  Ulster,  co.  and 
about  3  miles  N.N.E.  of  Donegal.     Area,  976  acres. 

Esk,  a  mountain-range  of  Ireland,  in  Munster,  between 
the  COS.  of  Cork  and  Kerry. 

Esk,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Dumfries,  formed  by  the 
confluence  of  the  Black  and  AVhite  Esk  in  Eskdalemuir, 
flows  24  miles  into  Solway  Firth. 

Esk,  North,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Forfar,  rises  in 
the  Grampians,  and  flows  32  miles  into  the  German  Ocean, 
3  miles  N.  of  Montrose. 

Esk,  North  and  South,  two  small  but  beautiful  streams 
of  Scotland,  rise  in  the  co.  of  Peebles,  flow  through  Mid- 
Lothian,  unite  near  Dalkeith,  and  proceed  to  the  sea  at 
Musselburgh.  The  North  Branch  flows  past  Roslin  Castlo 
and  Hawthornden. 

Esk,  North  and  South,  two  rivers  of  Tasmania,  district 
of  Launceston,  flow  W.,  and  join  the  Macquario  and  Quamby 
to  form  the  Tamar  River.  The  town  of  Launceston  is  on 
the  North  Esk  and  that  of  Perth  on  the  South  Esk. 

Esk,  South,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Forfar,  rises  in 
the  Grampians,  in  the  N.AV.  part  of  the  co.,  and  flows  E. 
36  miles  through  Strathmore  into  Montrose  Harbor.  The 
towns  of  Brechin  and  Montrose  are  on  its  banks. 

Eske,  dsk,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  York,  North 
Riding,  flows  E.  into  the  North  Sea  at  AVhitby. 

Eskee,  or  Eski,  Ss'keo  (signifying  "old"),  a  Turkish 
prefix  of  the  names  of  numerous  towns,  &c. 

Eskee  Adalia,  fis'kee  4-d&'lee'i,  the  ruins  of  the  an- 
cient Side,  in  Asia  Minor,  on  the  Mediterranean,  35  miles 
N.AV.  of  Alaya. 

Eskee  Andaval,  is'keo  in-dJ.-v3,l',  a  town  of  Turkey, 
6  miles  N.E.  of  Nigdeh,  once  famous  for  its  breed  of  horses. 

Eskee  Ilaba,  6s'kce  bi'bi,  a  village  of  European  Tur- 
key, in  Roumelia,  28  miles  S.E.  of  Adrianople. 

Eskee  (or  Eski)  Djuma,  Ss'kee  joo'mi,  a  town  of 
Bulgaria,  18  miles  AV.  of  Shoomla. 

Eskee  (or  Eski)  Erekli.     See  Erkglee. 

Eskee  (or  Eski)  Hissar,  is'kee  his-sar'  (anc.  Lnodi- 
ce'a),  a  ruined  city  of  Asia  Minor,  46  miles  S.E.  of  Ala- 
Shehr  (anc.  Philadelphia).  It  has  extensive  remains  of 
walls,  2  theatres,  temples,  &c. ;  but,  having  sufl'ered  greatly 
from  earthquakes,  its  site  is  now  wholly  deserted, 

Eskee  (or  Eski)  Hissar  (anc.  Stratonicx'a),  a  ruined 
city  of  Asia  Minor,  55  miles  S.E.  of  Ayasoolook  (anc.  Ejth'- 
esna).  It  has  extensive  remains,  including  a  vast  temple 
and  a  theatre, 

Eskee  Kroom,  a  town  of  Russia,    See  SrAR-KRCsr. 

Eskee  Sara,  fis'kee  si'ril,  or  Eski  Saghra,  6s'keo 
sk'gri.,  a  town  of  Eastern  Roumelia,  on  the  S.  slope  of  the 
Balkan  Mountains,  50  miles  N.E.  of  Philippopolis,  and  90 
miles  AV.  of  Boorghas.  Pop.  20,000  (?).  It  is  finely  sit- 
uated, and  has  manufactures  of  carpets  and  leather.  Near 
it  are  hot  mineral  baths. 

Eskee  (or  Eski)  Shehr,  Ss'kee  shShr  (anc.  Dory- 
Ix'nm  ?),  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  27  miles  E.N.E.  of  Kutaieh, 

Eskee  Stambool,or  Eski  Staniboul,Ss'keestim- 
bool',  is  the  ancient  Alexandria  Tuoas  (which  see), 

Esker,  a  river  of  Bulgaria.     See  Isker, 

Eski,  a  Turkish  prefix.     See  Eskee. 

Eskilstuna,  fis-kil-stoo'nl,  a  town  of  Sweden,  57  milea 
AV.  of  Stockholm,  on  the  Iljelmar.  It  is  the  seat  of  iron-, 
steel-,  and  copper-works,  and  manufactures  hardware,  cut- 
lery, needles,  firearms,  <fcc.     Pop.  5201. 

Eskilup,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Iskelib. 
Eskimos.     See  Esquimaux. 

Esk'ridge,  a  post-village  of  Wabaunsee  co.,  Kansas, 
15  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Alma.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks, 
a  newspaper  office,  <&o.     Pop,  548. 


ESL 


1136 


ESQ 


Etklidge, »  lUtion  of  &IoDtgomery  oo.,  MiM.,  10  milM 
bj  rail  8.  of  UreawU. 

£■!•(  («'1A,  a  river  of  Spain,  Hies  in  the  N.  part  of 
Lton,  S.  of  the  mountains  of  Asturios,  flows  S.S.W.,  and 
Joins  the  Douro  about  15  miles  bolon  Zamora.  Length, 
IM  miles. 

Ea'men*  a  township  of  Livingston  oo.,  III.    Pop.  917. 

ISsmcraldaf  &i-md-r&l'U&,  sumotimes  written  ]^sine> 
rel4a«  a  river  of  South  Auiorica,  in  Ecuador,  rises  no<ir 
Quito,  flows  N.W.,  and  enters  the  Puoitio  in  lat.  0°  58'  N., 
Ion.  790  40'  W.  Length,  110  miles.  At  its  mouth  is  the 
town  of  Esmeraldtts. 

Ksmenilda)  a  mission  settlement  of  Venezuela,  on  the 
Orinoco,  16  milos  £.  uf  its  bifurcation. 

JSsmeral'da)  a  largo  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Xo- 
Tada,  l>ordur8  on  Culifornia.  It  is  partly  traversed  by 
Wulkor  River,  and  contains  Wallior  Lake,  which  has  nu 
outlet.  The  surface  is  partly  mountainous  and  partly  con- 
sists of  arid  plains,  in  which  timber  is  scarce.  The  soil, 
which  requires  irrigation  to  render  it  fertile,  produces  some 
wheat  and  barley.  The  inhabitants  are  mostly  employed 
in  mining.  This  county  has  gold-  and  silver-mines,  the 
annual  product  of  which  sometimes  reaches  nearly  $500,000. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Carson  &  Colorado  Railroad.  Cap- 
ital, Hawthorne.  Area,  8540  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1870, 
1553;  in  1880,  3220;  in  1890,  2148. 

EsmeraldaS)  ds-m^-r&rd&s,  a  maritime  town  of  Ecua- 
dor, capital  of  a  department,  95  miles  N.W.  of  Quito,  at 
the  luouth  of  the  Esmeralda.     Lat.  1°  N.;  Ion.  79°  35'  W. 

Esmeraldas,  a  maritime  department  of  Ecuador, 
in  the  northwest.  Area,  7439  square  miles.  Capital,  Es- 
meraldas.     Pop.  11,146. 

fsmeralda,  Serra,  sdR'ni  ds-m&-r&rdS,,  a  mountain- 
chain  of  Brazil,  state  of  Minas-Qeraes,  between  the  Doce 
and  Belmonte  Rivers.  Lat.  18°  30'  S.  Length,  from  W. 
to  E.,  about  170  miles. 

Es'mok,  a  frontier  garrisoned  city  of  southwest  China, 
provinco  of  Yun-Nan.  It  is  traversed  by  merchants'  cara- 
vans in  the  trade  between  China,  Siam,  and  Burmah. 

Ss'mond,  a  post-village  of  Kingsbury  co.,  S.D.,  9  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Iroquois.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  100. 

Esneh,  ds'ndh,  or  £sii6,  Ss'ni,  written  also  Isne,  and 
£sna  (Coptic,  'Sue;  anc.  Latop'olia),  a  town  of  Upper 
Egypt,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Nile,  25  miles  S.  of  Thebes. 
Lat.  25°  19'  39"  N. ;  Ion.  32°  34'  30"  E.  It  is  the  entrepot 
for  the  Sennaar  caravans,  and  has  manufactures  of  cotton 
shawls  and  pottery,  a  cotton-spinning  factory,  a  Coptic 
monastery,  and  a  trade  with  Abyssinia  and  the  Soodan  ; 
but  it  is  chiefly  remarkable  for  its  ruins,  especially  for  those 
of  a  vast  ancient  temple.     Pop.  7000. 

Ksiieh,  a  province  of  Egypt,  including  a  part  of  Nubia. 
Capital,  Esn6.     Pop.  251,742. 

Eso,  i'so,  an  island  of  Dalmatia,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Ziira, 
in  the  Adriatic,  between  the  islands  of  Isola  Grossa  and 
Ugliano.     Length,  7  miles. 

Es^ofe'a,  a  post-office  of  Vernon  co..  Wis. 

E'som  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co.,  Ga.,  10  miles 
W.  of  Cedar  Town.     It  has  2  churches. 

Eso'pus,  a  post-village  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Esopus 
township,  1  or  2  miles  W.  of  the  Hudson  River,  8  miles  by 
rail  S.  by  E.  of  Kingston,  and  61  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Al- 
bany. It  has  2  churches,  a  public  school,  and  manufactures 
of  fruit-packages,  blankets,  yarns,  and  dynamite.  Pop. 
about  200.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  Rond- 
out  or  Wallkill  River.     Pop.  in  1890,  4659. 

Eso'pus  Creek,  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  runs  first  southeast- 
ward, then  northeastward,  and  enters  tho  Hudson  River 
at  Saugerties.  It  is  nearly  65  miles  long.  Kingston  is  on 
this  creek. 

Esoaan,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Asswan. 

Espadacinta,  is-pi-di-secn'td,  a  fortified  town  of 
Portugal,  in  Tras-os-Montes,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Douro, 
20  miles  E.  of  Torre  do  Moncorvo. 

Espagnc,  Espagnol.    See  Spaix. 

Espalion,  fis*pi'le-6N<'',  a  town  of  France,  in  Aveyron, 
on  the  Lot,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Rodez.     Pop.  2580. 

Espafta,  Espa&ol.    See  Spain. 

Espanoia,  the  original  Spanish  name  of  Hayti. 

Espardell,  fis-par-dfill',  one  of  the  Balearic  Islands,  in 
the  Mediterranean,  a  little  N.  of  Formentera,  and  between 
that  island  and  Iviga.     Lat.  38°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  1°  25'  E. 

Espar'nia,  or  Shawnce'tOAvn,  a  village  of  the  Sem- 
inole Nation,  Indian  Territory,  90  miles  from  Eufaula  Rail- 
road Station.  It  has  3  stores,  and  a  mission  and  manual 
labor  school  under  the  direction  of  Friends.  Here  is 
Shawncetown  Post-Office. 

Esparragosa  de  Iiares,  fa-paB-ni-go'si  di  li'rfc, 


a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  80  miles  E.  of  Badnjoi. 
Pop.  2778. 

EMparraguera,  *8-nan-n4-gi'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Catalonia,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Barcelona,  on  tho  Llobrcgat. 
Pon.  3087.  It  has  numerous  cloth-factories  and  paper-mills, 
and  an  annual  fair. 

Espartcl,  Cape,  Morocco.    See  Capr  Spaiitki.. 

EHpeJo,  fis-pA'iio,  a  town  of  Spain,  25  miles  S.K.  of 
Cordova,  with  the  remains  of  a  Moorish  castle.     Pop.  5420. 

Espclettc,  fis'pflh-lfilt',  a  village  of  France,  in  Basscs- 
Pyr6n6es,  12  miles  S.  of  Bayonne.     Pop.  1541. 

Espera,  6s-p4'r&,  a  town  of  Spain,  34  miles  N.E.  of 
Cadiz,  on  the  Ouodalote.    Pop.  1822.    It  has  linen-weaving. 

EN'pcraiice,  a  post-village  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
E.xperance  township,  on  Schoharie  Creek,  31  miles  by  rail 
W.  of  Albany.  It  has  3  churches,  a  paper-mill,  a  Hour- 
mill,  and  manufactures  of  soda-water.  Pop.  274;  of  the 
township,  1232. 

Esperance,  Quebec.    See  Nonrn  Ham. 

Espcrance,  Port, Tasmania.  ScoAdamson's  Harbor. 

Espcran'za,  a  post-oflicc  of  Pontotoc  co.,  Miss. 

Esperanza,  ds-pA-rin'z4,  a  German  town  of  the  Ar- 
gentine Republic,  province  and  25  miles  N.  of  Santa  F6. 

Esperaza,  fis'p?h-r4'zi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Aude,  8 
miles  S.  of  Limoux,  on  the  Aude.     Pop.  1662. 

Espichel,  Cape,  Portugal.    See  Cape  EspicnEi,. 

EspicI,  fis-pe-dr,  a  town  of  Spain,  25  miles  N.W.  of 
Cordova,  near  the  left  bank  of  the  Guadiato.     Pop.  2056. 

Espierre,  6s'pe-aiR',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Flanders,  8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Courtrai. 

Espinardo,  ds-pe-nan'do,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  2  miles  N.N.W.  of  Murcia. 

Espinha^o,  Serra  do,  s5r'r4  do  Ss-peen-y4'so,  a 
mountain-chain  of  Brazil,  state  of  Bahia,  extends  from 
near  Bnhia  to  the  Uruguay.     It  is  rich  in  diamond-mines. 

Espinosa  de  los  Monteros,  ds-pe-no'si  Ak  loce 
mon-ti'roce,  a  town  of  Spain,  52  miles  N.  of  Burgos. 

Espirito  Santo,  fis-nlr'e-to  sin'to  or  fis-peo're-to  s4n'- 
to,  a  maritime  state  of  Brazil,  between  lat.  18°  30'  and 
21°  20'  S.,  having  N.  the  state  of  Bahia,  and  E.  the  At- 
lantic. Area,  17,312  square  miles.  Capital,  Victoria.  Pop. 
in  1S88, 121,562.  The  principal  rivers  are  the  Doce,  which 
bounds  it  on  the  N.,  and  the  Parahiba  do  Sul,  on  the  S. 

Espirito  Santo,  or  Villa  Veiha  d'Espirito 
Santo,  veel'li  vfil'yil  d5s-peo're-to  sin'to,  the  former  capi- 
tal of  the  above,  is  situated  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  Bay  of 
Espirito  Santo.     Pop.  1000. 

Espiritu  Santo,  ds-plr'e-too  sin'to  or  Js-pee're-too 
sin'to,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Badajos,  42  miles  E.  of  Llercna. 

Espiritu  Santo,  a  town  of  Cuba,  near  the  centre  of 
the  island,  connected  by  railway  to  Remedies.     Pop.  7000. 

Espiritu  Santo,  the  largest  and  westernmost  of  the 
New  Hebrides  Islands,  in  the  Pacific.  Lat.  15°  S.;  Ion. 
167°  E.     Length,  65  miles;  breadth,  20  miles. 

Espiritu  Santo,  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  California, 
30  miles  N.  of  La  Paz,  is  13  miles  long  by  5  miles  wide. 

Espiritu  Santo  Bay,  Florida.    See  Tampa  Bav. 

Espiritu  Santo,  Cape.    See  Cape  Espiritu  Santo. 

Espita,  ds-pee'tii,  a  town'  of  Yucjitan,  30  miles  N.  of 
Valladolid.     Pop.  3000. 

Espluga  de  Francoli,  £s-ploo'g&  d4  frin-ko-lcc',  a 
town  of  Spain,  22  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Tarragona.     Pop.  3471. 

Esporias,  fis-poR'ISs,  a  town  of  Majorca,  8  miles  N.W. 
by  N.  of  Palma.     Pop.  1614. 

Esposenda,  Ss-po-sSn'd&,  a  maritime  town  of  Por- 
tugal, in  Minho,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Cavado,  26  miles  N. 
of  Oporto.     Pop.  1498. 

Es'py,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co..  Pa.,  in  Scott  town- 
ship, on  the  North  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  and 
on  the  Lackawanna  &  Bloomsburg  Railroad,  2  miles  E.  of 
Bioomsburg.  It  has  3  churches,  2  planing-mills,  and  man- 
ufactures of  sash,  doors,  boats,  Ac.     Pop.  549. 

Es'pyville,  a  post- village  of  Crawford  co..  Pa., on  the 
Erie  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  47  miles  S.S.W.  of  Erie,  and 
20  miles  W.  by  6.  of  Meadville.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  a  lumber-  and  lath-mill,  <to.     Pop.  about  150. 

E8quch6ries,  is'kd^ree',  a  town  of  France,  in  Aisne, 
15  miles  N.N.W.  of  Vervins.     Pop.  2149. 

Esquel-becq,  ds'kai'bdk',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord, 
12  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Dunkerque.     Pop.  1866. 

Esqncrmes,  fis'kaium',  a  village  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Nord,  a  suburb  of  Lille.     Pop.  3731. 

Es^ques'ing,  or  StCAV'art  Town,  a  post-village  in 
Halton  CO.,  Ontario,  li  miles  from  Georgetown.  It  con- 
tains flouring-,  saw-  and  shingle-mills.     Pop.  250. 

Esquibien,  5s^keo*bee-i.vg',  a  village  of  France,  in  Fi- 
nist^re,  on  the  sea,  26  miles  W.  of  Quimper.     Pop.  2001. 


ESQ 


1137 


ESS 


Esquiera,  5s-ke-i'rJ.,  a  village  of  Portugal,  province 
of  Beira,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Aveiro.     Pop.  2900. 

Esquimalt,  Ss'ke-milt,  a  seaport  of  British  Columbia, 
on  Vancouver  Island,  on  the  Strait  of  Juan  do  Fuca,  65 
miles  from  its  entrance,  and  3  miles  S.W.  of  Victoria. 
The  harbor  of  Esquimalt  is  very  extensive,  capable  of  re- 
ceiving vessels  of  the  largest  class,  and  destined  apparently 
to  be,  in  connection  with  the  Canada  Pacific  llailway,  the 
future  entrepot  of  a  national  commerce.  Esquimalt  is  the 
station  of  her  Majesty's  ships  on  this  portion  of  the  Pacific 
coast.  Here  are  a  navy-yard,  a  hospitiil,  and  other  neces- 
sary buildings  for  the  requirements  of  the  squadron. 

Esquimaux,  fis'ke-mo  or  ia'ke-mbz,  sometimes  writ- 
ten Eskimos  ("eaters  of  raw  flesh"),  the  present  in- 
habitants of  Arctic  America  and  Greenland,  consisting  of 
three  principal  stocks, — the  Kalalits,  better  known  by  the 
name  of  Greenlanders;  the  Esquimaux  proper,  on  the  N. 
and  E.  coast  of  Labrador;  and  the  Western  Esquimaux, 
found  along  Hudson's  Bay,  the  W.  side  of  Baffin's  Bay,  the 
polar  shores  of  America  as  far  as  the  mouths  of  the  Copper- 
mine and  Mackenzie  Rivers,  and  both  on  the  American  and 
Asiatic  sides  of  Behring's  Strait.  This  last  locality  gives 
them  the  remarkable  peculiarity  of  being  the  onlj'  aborigi- 
nal race  common  to  the  Old  and  the  New  World.  Their 
physical  peculiarities  are  a  stunted  stature  (seldom  exceed- 
ing five  feet  in  height),  flattened  nose,  projecting  cheek- 
bones, thick  lips,  eyes  often  oblique,  and  yellow  and  brownish 
skin.  The  dress  of  the  men  consists  chiefly  of  a  cloak  of 
Bcal-skins,  which  reaches  to  the  knees ;  and  that  of  the 
women  differs  from  it  only  in  a  few  minute  points.  In 
summer  they  live  in  tents  covered  with  the  skins  of  rein- 
deer and  fallow-deer ;  in  winter  they  may  be  said  to  burrow 
beneath  the  snow.  Their  chief  dependence  for  food  is  on 
fishing,  particularly  on  that  of  the  seal.  Their  weapons  are 
bows  and  arrows  and  spears  or  lances,  generally  pointed 
with  stones  or  bones,  but  sometimes  with  copper.  Their 
language  consists  of  long  compound  words,  and  has  regular 
though  remarkable  inflections:  in  grammatical  structure, 
at  least,  it  is  American.  In  intellect  they  are  by  no  means 
deficient,  and  the  success  of  the  Danish  missionaries  proves 
their  capability  of  receiving  Christianity,  understanding  its 
truths,  and  conforming  to  its  precepts. 

Esquimaux,  fis'ke-mo,  a  group  of  islands  on  the  E. 
coast  of  Labrador.     Lat.  54°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  56°  21'  W. 

Esquimaux,  an  island  and  harbor  in  the  Gulf  of  St. 
Lawrence,  on  the  N.  or  Labrador  coast,  near  the  mouth  of 
Esquimaux  lliver,  30  miles  W.  of  the  Strait  of  Belle  Isle. 

Esquimaux  Point,  a  post-village  in  Saguenay  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  163  miles  from 
Ga?p6  Basin.     Here  are  extensive  fisheries.     Pop.  862. 

Esquimaux  (or  St.  Paul)  River,  a  large  stream  on 
the  N.  shore  of  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  30  miles  W.  of 
Blanc  Sablon.  Boats  can  ascend  it  for  5  miles.  It  is  navi- 
gated by  canoes  for  many  miles  inland,  and  abounds  with 
salmon. 

Esquina,  Ss^kee'nl,  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Republic, 
province  of  Corrientes,  near  the  ParanS,,  150  miles  above 
IJajada  de  Santa  F^.     Pop.  1794. 

Esquipulas,  ds-ke-poo'lis,  a  town  of  Guatemala,  18 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Chiquimula  de  la  Sierra.     Pop.  1800. 

Esrom,  Ss'rom,  a  lake  of  Denmark,  island  of  Seeland, 
11  miles  W.  of  Elsinore.  Area,  8  square  miles.  Near  its 
N.  end  is  a  small  village  of  the  same  name. 

Ess,  5ss,  a  cataract  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Wicklow,  4$  miles 
W.  of  Glendalough,  formed  by  the  Avonbeg  River. 

Esse,  is^sk',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ille-et-Vilaine,  16 
miles  S.W.  of  Vitr6.     Pop.  1490. 

Esseck,  or  Essegg,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Eszbk. 

Essen,  5s's§n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  the  Rhine  province, 
at  the  junction  of  several  railways,  19  miles  N.N.E.  of  Dus- 
ecldorf.  It  has  extensive  manufactures  of  steel  and  iron 
goods,  artillery,  machinery,  fire-arms,  steam-engines,  vitriol, 
leather,  woollen  and  linen  goods,  and  coal-mines.  It  has  an 
old  Capuchin  convent  and  a  gymnasium,  and  is  the  seat  of 
a  mining  board  and  a  municipal  court  of  justice.  Pop. 
60,(100,  or,  with  close  suburbs  (1890),  78,723. 

Essen,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  13  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Osnaburg.     Pop.  860. 

Essen,  a  village  of  Oldenburg,  31  miles  S.S.W.  of  the 
town  of  Oldenburg.     Pop.  564. 

Es'sendon,  a  village  of  Bourke  co.,  Victoria,  Aus- 
tralia, on  the  Moonee  Ponds,  5  miles  N.N.W.  of  Melbourne. 
Pop.,  with  Flemington,  2456. 

Esscquibo,  6s-s§h-kee'bo  (more  properly  Esseque- 
bo,  5s^si-k4'bo),  the  principal  river  of  British  Guiana,  in 
South  America,  enters  the  Atlantic  in  the  N.W.  part  of 
that  colony,  by  an  estuary  20  miles  in  width,  in  lat.  7°  N., 


Ion.  68°  40'  W.,  after  a  course  of  at  least  450  miles.  Afflu- 
ents, the  Rupununy,  Massaroony,  and  Cuyuni.  It  abounds 
with  islands,  and  in  its  estuary  are  three  or  four  of  consid- 
erable size.  About  60  miles  from  its  mouth  are  the  Falls  of 
Etabally. 

Essequibo,  the  westernmost  county  of  British  Guiana, 
has  a  sea-front  of- 120  miles  from  the  river  Barima  on  the 
W.  to  Boerasirie  Creek  on  the  E.     Pop.  35,122. 

Es'sex,  a  county  of  England,  having  N.  the  counties 
of  Cambridge  and  Suffolk,  E.  the  North  Sea,  S.  the  Thames, 
and  W.  Middlesex  and  Herts.  Area,  1649  square  miles. 
The  surface  towards  the  Thames  and  the  sea  is  flat,  marshy, 
and  much  broken  into  peninsulas  and  islands ;  in  the  centre 
and  N.  it  is  beautifully  diversified  and  richly  wooded. 
Principal  rivers,  the  Thames,  Lea,  Stour,  Roding,  Crouch, 
Colne,  Chelmer,  and  Blackwater.  The  soil  is  mostly  a  fer- 
tile loam.  The  climate  on  the  coast  is  damp,  and  produces 
agues;  in  other  parts  it  is  clear  and  healthy,  less  rain 
falling  than  perhaps  in  any  other  English  county.  The 
farming  is  ranked  among  the  best  in  England.  The  quality 
of  the  Essex  wheat  is  very  superior.  Besides  the  usual 
crops,  teasels,  saflFron,  caraway,  and  hops  are  largely  grown. 
Great  numbers  of  calves  are  fattened  for  the  London  mar- 
ket, and  the  butter  is  of  fine  quality.  The  stock  of  sheep 
is  large.  Chief  towns,  Chelmsford  (the  capital),  Colchester, 
Maldon,  and  Harwich.  Pop.  785,399.  Essex  was  the  name 
of  a  kingdom  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  Heptarchy,  comprising 
the  county  of  Essex  and  parts  of  the  counties  of  Middle- 
sex and  Hertfordshire. 

Es'sex,  the  northeastemmost  county  of  Massachusetts, 
has  an  area  of  about  620  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the  S.E.  by  Massachu- 
setts Bay,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Merrimac  and  Ipswich 
Rivers.  Its  outline  is  indented  by  many  bays  and  inlets, 
which  afford  good  harbors.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and  in 
some  parts  is  rugged  and  rocky.  Among  its  forest  trees  are 
the  ash,  white  oak,  hickory,  and  elm.  The  soil  produces 
hay,  potatoes,  Indian  corn,  <tc.  The  prosperity  of  this 
county  is  derived  chiefly  from  manufactures  of  boots  and 
shoes,  cotton  goods,  woollen  goods,  and  various  other  arti- 
cles, the  value  of  boots  and  shoes  produced  per  annum  some- 
times amounting  to  nearly  $30,000,000,  and  of  cotton  goods 
to  over  $10,000,000.  Several  quarries  of  fine  granite,  or 
syenite,  have  been  opened  in  this  countj'.  It  contains  the 
cities  of  Salem,  Gloucester,  Lawrence,  Lynn,  Haverhill,  and 
Newburyport.  Essex  co.  is  traversed  by  the  Boston  <t 
Maine  Railroad,  the  Danvers  <fc  Newburyport  Railroad,  the 
Eastern  Railroad,  the  Salem  &  Lowell  Railroad,  the  Boston, 
Revere  Beach  &  Lynn  Railroad,  and  other  short  lines. 
Capitals,  Salem,  Newburyport,  and  Lawrence.  Pop.  in 
1870,  200,843;  in  1875,  223,342;  in  1880,  244,535;  in  1890, 
299,995. 

Essex,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  New  Jersey,  has  an 
area  of  about  127  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N., 
the  E.,  and  the  W.  by  the  Passaic  River,  which  affords 
water-power,  and  on  the  S.E.  by  Newark  Bay.  The  surface  is 
partly  level,  and  is  diversified  by  two  high  ridges,  called 
First  and  Second  Mountains.  The  soil  in  some  parts  is 
fertile,  and  produces  hay,  Indian  corn,  <fec.  This  county 
has  important  manufactures  of  hats  and  caps,  trunks, 
jewelry,  and  other  articles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Dela- 
ware, Lackawanna  <fc  Western,  Erie,  Lehigh  Valley,  and 
Pennsylvania  Railroads,  all  of  which  communicate  with 
Newark,  the  capital  of  the  county.  This  is  the  most  popu- 
lous and  wealthy  county  of  the  state.  Pop.  in  1870, 143,839 ; 
in  1880,  189,929;  in  1890,  256,093. 

Essex,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  New  York,  has  an 
area  of  about  1667  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  Lake  Champlain,  and  is  drained  by  the  Hudson  River, 
which  rises  in  this  county,  and  by  the  Au  Sable  River. 
The  surface  is  diversified  with  numerous  lakes,  extensive 
forests,  and  the  grand  mountain  scenery  of  the  Adirondacks. 
Near  the  middle  of  the  county  rises  Mount  Marcy,  which  is 
the  highest  mountain  in  the  state.  The  soil  is  partly  fer- 
tile. Oats,  hay,  butter,  wool,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  has  abundance  of  granite,  Trenton 
limestone,  and  magnetic  iron  ore,  and  extensive  iron-works. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Delaware  &  Hudson  Railroad.  The 
Chateaugay  Railroad  crosses  the  extreme  N.W.  corner  of 
the  county.  Capital,  Elizabethtown.  "  Hypersthene,"  says 
Emmons,  "  is  by  far  the  most  extensive  and  important  rock 
in  Essex  co."  Pop.  in  1870,  29,042  ;  in  1880,  34,515 ;  in 
1890,  33,052.  This  county  contains  about  100  lakes,  mostly 
long  and  narrow.  The  names  of  the  largest  are  Placid, 
Schroon,  Paradox,  and  Sanford. 

Essex,  a  county  forming  the  N.E.  extremity  of  Vermont, 
bordering  on  Canada,  has  an  area  of  about  730  square  miles. 


ESS 


11S8 


EST 


It  U  bouodoJ  on  tb«  E.  by  tba  Conneotlout  River,  and  it 
dninad  bjr  the  Clyde,  Moom,  and  Nulbegan  Itivors.  The 
•urfaoe  ia  luounlaiiiout,  and  mostly  oovorcd  with  furesU  of 
■ugar-waple  and  other  treot.  The  soil  is  not  very  fertile. 
Lumber,  hay,  oat«,  butter,  and  potatoes  are  the  staule 
pruduots  of  tbe  county.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Maine 
Central  lUilruad,  which  passes  through  Quildhall,  the 
capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  6iill ;  in  18SU,  7931 ; 
in  ISUO,  9611. 

£*aext  a  county  in  the  £.  part  of  Virginia,  has  an  area 
of  about  235  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.G.  by 
the  Rappahannock  River,  which  is  here  navigable.  Tbe 
surface  is  partly  uneven,  and  more  than  ono-third  of  it  is 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  sundy,  and  produces  In- 
dian corn,  wheat,  and  grass.  Capital,  Tappahannook,  situ- 
ated on  the  left  bank  of  the  river.  Pop.  in  1870,  9927;  in 
ISSO,  11,0.32;  in  1890,  10,047. 

£88ex,  a  county  of  Ontivrio,  situated  between  Lakes  St. 
Clair  and  Huron.  Area,  235  square  miles.  It  is  traversed 
by  the  Great  Western  and  Canada  Southern  Railways. 
Capital,  Sandwich.     Pop.  32,697. 

£ssexy  a  post- village  of  Essex  township,  Middlesex  co., 
Conn.,  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Connecticut  Uiver,  7  miles 
from  its  mouth,  11  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  lladdam,  and 
23  miles  by  rail  S.£.  of  Middletuwn.  It  has  4  churches,  2 
banks,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures 
of  granite,  witch-hazel,  rope,  machinery,  piaoo  ivory,  and 
ivory  goods.     Pop.  of  the  towniiiiip,  2U35. 

Essex,  a  post-village  of  Kankakee  co..  111.,  60  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Chicago,  and  17  miles  (direct)  W.  by  N.  of 
Kankakee.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  an  academy,  a  fluur- 
and  feed-mill,  &o.     Pop.  266. 

Essex,  a  post-village  of  Page  co.,  Iowa,  in  Pierce  town- 
ship, on  the  Nishnabatona  Ilivor,  and  on  the  railroad  be- 
tween Red  Oak  and  Nebraska  City,  13  miles  S.  of  Red  Oak. 
It  has  a  bank,  general  stores,  and  manufactures  of  wagons 
and  lumber.     Pop.  in  1890,  564. 

Essex,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Essex  co.,  Mass., 
on  the  sea-coast,  28  miles  N.N.E.  of  Boston,  and  a.t  the 
terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  Eastern  Railroad.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  shoe-factory,  a  saw-mill,  and 
manufactures  of  fish-lines.  The  ))rincipal  business  of 
Essex  is  building  vessels  for  the  fisheries.  Rufus  Cboate 
was  born  here  in  1799.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1713. 

Essex,  a  hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  Mich.,  in  Essex  town- 
ship, 27  miles  N.N. W.  of  Lansing.     Pop.  of  township,  1511. 

Essex,  a  post-villuge  of  Stoddard  co..  Mo.,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad  (Cairo  division), 
30  miles  E.  of  Poplar  Blufi".  It  has  a  church,  a  Hour-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Essex,  a  station  in  Essex  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Paterson, 
Newark  &  New  York  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Newark. 

Essex,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  in  a  township  of  its. own  name,  9  miles  by  rail  N.  of 
AVestport,  and  12  miles  (direct)  E.  of  Elizabethtown.  It 
has  5  churches,  a  union  school,  and  manufactures  of  horse- 
shoe-nails.    Pop.  about  800;  of  the  township,  1437. 

Essex,  or  Essex  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Chittenden 
CO.,  Vt.,  in  Essex  township,  on  the  Burlington  &  Lamoille 
Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Burlington.  It  has  4  churches  and 
a  classical  institute.  Pop.  about  200.  The  name  of  its 
post-office  is  Essex.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by 
the  Winooski  River,  contains  another  village,  named  Essex 
Junction,  and  has  manufactures  of  paper,  cheese,  lumber, 
flour,  &o.     Pop.  of  the  township,  3659. 

Essex  Falls,  a  station  in  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Wenham  <k  Essex  Branch  of  the  Eastern  Railroad,  i  mile 
from  the  terminus  at  Essex. 

Essex  Junction,  a  post-village  in  Essex  township, 
Chittenden  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Winooski  River,  and  at  the 
junction  of  two  divisions  of  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad, 
8  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Burlington.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
savings-bank,  a  butter-tub-faotory,  a  newspaper  office, 
marble-  and  granite-works,  cabinet-works,  a  creamery,  a 
flour-  and  feed-mill,  a  paper-mill,  and  manufactures  of 
bricks,  lumber,  <tc.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Es'sexville,  a  post-village  of  Bay  co.,  Mich.,  in  Hamp- 
ton township,  on  the  Saginaw  River,  at  its  mouth,  2  miles 
by  street-railway  from  Bay  City.  It  has  3  churches,  2  lum- 
ber-mills, and  a  manufactory  of  salt.     Pop.  1545. 

Es  Sham,  the  Arabic  for  SyniA. 

Es'sington,  Northern  Australia.    See  Pout  Essington. 

Es  Siout,  a  town  of  Upper  Egypt.    See  Sioot. 

Essling,  dss'ling,  a  village  of  Lower  Austria,  on  the 
Danube,  7  miles  E.  of  Vienna.  Pop.  380.  Between  this 
village  and  Aspern  was  fought  a  sanguinary  battle  by  the 
French  and  Austrians  on  the  21st  and  22d  of  May,  1809. 


Both  villages  were  at  that  time  destroyed,  but  have  since 
boon  rohuilt. 

Esslingcn,  Sss'ling-^n,  a  town  of  WUrtembcrg,  on  llio 
Neckar,  7  miles  by  rail  K.S.E.  of  Stuttgort.  It  i.^  cnolos.a 
by  walls  and  ill  built;  principal  odillcoK,  an  old  castle  on  a 
height,  and  a  handsonie  town  hall.  It  has  a  richly. endowed 
hospiUl,  2  tine  old  churches,  a  deaf-mute  school,  various 
seminaries,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  and  cotton  cloths 
and  yarn,  lacquered  tinwares,  locomotives,  wines,  glue,  and 
paper.     Pop.  in  1885,  20,864. 

Essonnc,  is'sonn',  a  river  of  France,  departments  of 
Loiret  and  Seino-et-Oise,  rises  12  miles  N.K.  of  Orlenns, 
and,  after  a  N.  course  of  45  miles,  joins  the  Seine  at  Corbeil. 

Essonnes,  fis'sonn',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seinc-et- 
Oise,  on  the  Essonnes,  i  mile  S.W.  of  Corbeil.  It  has  llour- 
and  fulling-mills,  manufactures  of  linen,  Ac.     Pop.  3869. 

Es  Souan,  a  town  of  Upper  Egypt.     See  Asswa.n, 

Essoyes,  6s*swi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Audo,  10  miles 
S.E.  of  Bar-sur-Seine.     Pop.  1693. 

Estados  Unidos,  the  Spanish  for  the  United  State.s. 

Estagel,  is'ti'zhSr,  a  town  of  France,  in  Pyr6n6os- 
Orientalcs,  on  the  Agly,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Perpignan. 
It  was  the  birthplace  of  Arago.     Pop.  2678. 

Estaires,  is'taiit',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  on  the 
Lys,  13  miles  W.  of  Lille.     Pop.  3444. 

Estambruges,  Belgium.    See  STAirnnucES. 

Estaiiipes,  a  town  of  France.    See  Ktampes. 

Estancia,  6s-t4n'so-i,  a  town  of  Brazil,  25  miles  S.W. 
of  Sergipc,  on  the  Piauhy.    Pop.  3000. 

Estaples,  a  town  of  France.    See  Etaples. 

Estarac,  fisHi'rik',  an  old  subdivision  of  France,  in 
Guiennc,  now  included  in  the  departments  of  Gers  and 
IIautes-Pyrcn6os.     Mirando  was  the  capital. 

Estarreja,  is-taii-ni'zhi,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Douro, 
on  the  Antua,  23  miles  from  Oporto.     Pop.  2629. 

Estavayer,  or  Estavaye,  6sHi'v4'y4'  (Ger.  Slafffin, 
stdf'fis),  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  15  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Freyburg,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Lake  Neufohatcl.     P.  143S. 

Este,  ds't^h.  a  river  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  joins  the 
Elbe  7  miles  W.  of  Altona,  after  a  course  of  26  miles.  ' 

Este,  ds'tiV  (anc.  Atea'te),o,  town  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy, 
17  miles  S.S.W.  of  Padua.  It  has  manufactures  of  salt- 
petre, whetstones,  silk,  linens,  and  fine  earthenware.  It  is 
picturesquely  situated  and  well  built;  its  houses  are  sup- 
ported on  arches,  and  it  has  a  church  and  leaning  tower  in 
the  Romanesque  style.  The  Rocca,  or  castle,  near  the  town, 
w;is  a  tine  feudal  fortress,  the  seatof  the  historic  Este  fivmiiy. 
Pop.  10,600. 

Estella,  fis-tfil'yi,  (ano.  Al'haT),  a  town  of  Spain,  26 
miles  S.W.  of  Pamplona.  It  has  an  old  castle,  several 
churches  and  convents,  a  hospital,  college,  school  of  music, 
and  manufactures  of  woollens.     Pop.  5593. 

Estella,  Micnigan.     See  Sumner. 

Es'telline,  a  post-village  of  Hamlin  co.,  S.D.,  12  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Castlewood.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  public  school,  and  flour-  and  feed- 
mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  210. 

Estell  Springs,  Tenn.    See  Estill  Springs. 

Es'telville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Atlantic  co.,  N.J.,  on 
Great  Egg  Harbor  River,  5  miles  S.  of  May's  Landing. 
It  lias  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Estepa,  6s-tA'p4  (anc.  Asta'pa),  a  town  of  Spain,  54 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Seville.  It  has  manufactures  of  oil  and 
cloth.     Pop.  8133. 

Estepona,  6s-ti-po'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  41  miles  S.W. 
of  Malaga,  on  the  Mediterranean.  Pop.  9316.  Chief  indus- 
tries, fishing,  linen-weaving,  and  manufactures  of  leather. 

Esterhazy,ds't9r-hi'zee,  orEszterhaz(lIun.  A'«to-- 
haz,  SsUSr^iiz'),  a  village  of  Lower  Hungary,  near  the  S.E. 
extremity  of  the  Neusiedl  Lake,  41  miles  W.S.W.  of  Pres- 
burg.  Pop.  400.  Here  is  a  magnificent  palace  of  Prince 
Esterhazy,  surrounded  by  a  noble  park. 

Es'tes  Brook,  a  post-office  of  Mille  Lacs  co.,  Minn. 

Es'tcs  Park,  a  post-office  of  Larimer  co.,  Colorado,  is 
at  the  N.E.  base  of  Long's  Peak,  and  30  miles  W.  of  Long- 
mont.     Here  is  a  natural  park. 

Est'her,  a  village  of  Montgomery  co..  111.,  in  East  Fork 
township,  8  miles  E.  of  Hillsborough.     It  has  2  churches. 

Est'herville,  an  incorporated  post-town,  capital  of 
Emmett  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  West  Fork  of  tbe  Des  Moines 
River,  22  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Emmetsburg.  It  has 
7  churches,  2  banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  graded  school, 
and  flax-,  tow-,  and  flour-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  1475. 

Esthonia,fi3-tho'ne-4,  or  Revel,  rSv'fil  (Ger.  ^»<AZa»c?, 
Jst'lint),  a  government  of  Russia,  one  of  the  Baltic  prov- 
inces, between  lat.  58°  15'  and  59°  40'  N.  and  Ion.  22°  10' 
and  28°  5'  E.,  having  E.  the  government  of  St.  Petersburg, 


I 


EST 


1139 


ETII 


S.  Livonia  and  Lake  Peipus,  N.  the  Gulf  of  Finland,  and 
W.  tho  Baltic,  in  which  it  comprises  the  islands  of  Dagoe, 
AVorms,  &o.  Area,  7187  square  miles.  Surface  generally 
flat;  shores  rocky.  Principal  rivers,  the  Narova,  Loksa, 
and  Keyel,  all  flowing  N.  Climate  humid;  soil  sandy  or 
marshy,  about  two-thirds  of  it  covered  with  pine  forests,  or 
unproductive.  More  corn  is,  however,  raised  than  is  re- 
quired for  homo  consumption ;  besides  flax,  hemp,  hops,  and 
tobacco.  Many  cattle  are  reared,  and  the  fisheries  are  im- 
portant. Except  distilling,  tho  manufactures  are  almost 
wholly  domestic.  Tho  principal  exports  are  corn,  spirits, 
salt  fish,  and  hides.  Principal  imports,  herrings  and  salt. 
Tho  inhabitants  are  mostly  of  Finnish  race,  and  Protest- 
ants, speaking  the  Esthonian  language ;  but  the  aristocracy 
arc  German  in  race  and  language.  Principal  towns.  Revel, 
tho  capital,  llapsal,  Weissenstein,  and  Wesenbcrg.  Pop. 
322,668.  of  whom  30,000  are  Germans. 

£s'till,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Kentucky, 
has  an  area  of  about  250  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Kentucky  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  mostly 
covered  with  forests;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Bituminous  coal  and 
iron  ore  are  found  in  it.  It  is  traversed  by  a  branch  of 
the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad.  Capital,  Irvine.  Pop. 
in  1870,  9198;  in  1880,  9860;  in  1890,  10,836. 

Estill,  a  post-ofiice  of  Washington  co..  Miss. 

Estill,  a  post-office  of  Howard  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri, 
Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Boonville. 

Estill's  Fork,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Ala.,  15 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Scottsborough.     It  has  a  few  stores,  <fec. 

Es'till  (or  Es'tell)  Springs,  or  Spring  Hill,  a 
post-village  and  watering-place  of  Franklin  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
Elk  River,  and  on  the  Nashville  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  75 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Nashville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school, 
and  a  mineral  spring. 

Es'tillville,  Scott  co.,  Va.    See  Gate  Citv. 

Es'to,  a  post-hamlet  of  Russell  co.,  Ky.,  4  miles  (direct) 
N.  by  W.  of  Jamestown. 

Estocolmo,  the  Spanish  for  Stockholm. 

Estrclla,  6s-tr§l'y4,  a  river  of  Costa  Rica,  enters  the 
PaciQc,  after  a  S.W.  course  of  50  miles. 

Estrella,  a  town  of  the  United  States  of  Colombia, 
itateof  Antioquia,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Medellin. 

Estreinadiira,  Ss-tri-mS,-Doo'ri  (Fr.  Entr&madure,  fis^- 
trd'uii'diiii'),  an  old  province,  now  a  captain-generaley,  in 
the  S.W.  of  Spain,  bounded  N.  by  Leon,  E.  by  New  and  Old 
Castile,  S.  by  Andalusia,  and  W.  by  Portugal.  It  is  now 
comprised  in  tho  provinces  of  Badajos  and  Cacores.  Area, 
15,705  square  miles.  On  the  N.  it  is  bounded  by  the  Sierras 
dc  Grados,  de  Bejar,  and  de  Gata;  on  tho  S.  by  the  Sierra  do 
Constantina,  a  continuation  of  tho  Sierra  Morena;  and  in  the 
centre  it  is  divided  by  tho  Sierras  de  Guadalupe  and  San 
Benito  into  two  regions,  tho  N.  watered  by  the  Tagus,  and 
the  S.  by  the  Guadiana.  Soil  very  fertile,  but  almost  wholly 
devoted  to  pasturage.  Agriculture  is  greatly  neglected ; 
much  loss  corn,  wine,  flax,  hemp,  Ac,  is  raised  than  is  re- 
quired for  home  consumption ;  and  chestnuts  form  a  largo 
portion  of  the  food  of  the  inhabitants.  Millions  of  sheep 
are  driven  hither  to  feed  every  winter;  and  vast  herds  of 
hogs,  goats,  and  cattle  are  reared.  Lead-,  copper-,  silver-, 
and  iron-mines  exist,  but  they  are  nearly  all  neglected ;  and 

manufactures  are  insignificant. Adj.  and  inhab.  Estre- 

MESiAS,  6s-tre-mce'ne-an.  The  Spanish  Estuemenos,  ds-tri-, 
min'yoee,  is  sometimes  used  by  English  writers  to  designate 
the  inhabitants.     Pop.  734,377. 

Estremadura,  6s-tri-mi-doo'ri,  a  province  of  Por- 
tugal, on  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  Capital,  Lisbon.  Area,  6872 
square  miles.  The  Tagus  divides  it  into  two  nearly  equal 
parts,  the  N.  of  which  is  more  mountainous  than  tho  S., 
but  also  more  fertile.  It  is  frequently  visited  by  earth- 
quakes. Principal  products,  wine,  fruits,  oil,  honey,  cork, 
sumach,  and  salt.  Nearly  sufficient  corn  is  raised  for  home 
consumption.  Few  mines  are  wrought ;  and  manufactures 
are  unimportant.  The  province  is  subdivided  into  the  dis- 
tricts of  Lisbon,  Leiria,  and  Santarem,  and  besides  the 
cities  of  those  names  it  comprises  Setubal,  Torres- Vodras, 
Thomar,  and  Cintra.     Pop.  853,876. 

Estrcmcra,  6s-trd-m4'r4,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Cas- 
tile, province  and  32  miles  E.S.E.  of  Madrid,  near  the 
Tagus.    Pop.  1035. 

Estremoz,  6s-tri-moze',  sometimes  written  Estre- 
mez,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Alemtejo,  23  miles 
N.E.  of  Evora.  It  has  a  strong  castle  on  an  eminence,  an 
arsenal  and  cavalry  barracks,  manufactures  of  earthen- 
ware, and  a  trade  in  hardwares.  Near  it  are  marble-quar- 
ries.    Pop.  6646. 

Estremoz,  fis-tri-moze',  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of 


Rio  Grande  do  Norte,  on  the  Lake  of  Guajiru,  16  miles  N. 
of  Natal,  and  12  miles  from  the  sea.     Pop.  about  1700. 

Eswan,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See.AsswA.v. 

Eszek,  Esscck,  6s'slk\  or  Essegg,  fis'sfig  (Slavonic, 
Oszik;  os'sik ;  anc.  Mnr'sia,  or  Mrtr'sa),  one  of  the  most 
strongly  fortified  towns  of  Austria- Hungary,  the  chief  town 
of  Slavonia,  on  the  navigable  river  Drave,  13  miles  from 
its  confluence  with  the  Danube,  and  on  a  railway.  The 
modern  fortress  contains  many  massive  buildings,  including 
an  arsenal  and  barracks,  and  is  strengthened  by  additional 
works  on  the  opposite  bank  of  the  Drave.  Around  it,  be- 
yond its  glacis,  are  the  upper,  lower,  and  new  town?,  in 
which  last  most  of  the  trade  is  conducted.  Eszck  has  a 
town  house,  a  gymnasium,  a  normal  school,  manufactures 
of  silk,  and  fairs  for  corn,  cattle,  and  hides.     Pop.  17,247. 

Eszterhaz,  a  village  of  Hungary.    See  Esteiuiazv. 

Etables,  d'tib'l',  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Cotes-du-Nord, 
on  the  English  Channel,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Saint-Brieuc. 
Pop.  of  commune,  2961. 

E'tah,  a  district  of  tho  Agra  division,  British  India. 
Lat.  27°  20'  30"-28°  1'  N. ;  Ion.  78°  29'-79°  20'  E.  It  is 
an  alluvial  region.  Cotton,  grain,  opium,  and  indigo  are 
leading  products.  Area,  1512  square  miles.  Capital,  Etah. 
Pop.  703,845. 

Etah,  written  also  Ita,  and  Eytah,  ee'ti,  a  town  of 
India,  capital  of  the  above  district,  in  a  low  region  subject 
to  floods,  50  miles  N.E.  of  Agra.     Pop.  6507. 

Etaiii,  iH^xo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Mouse,  on  the  Orne, 
12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Verdun.  Pop.  2815.  It  has  a  communal 
college  and  manufactures  of  cottons. 

Etale,  i-tA'l^h,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Luxembourg,  24 
miles  S.W.  of  Bastogne.     Pop.  1600. 

Etampes,  i'tftjip',  formerly  Estampcs  (anc.  Stam'- 
pie  ?),  a  town  of  France,  Seino-et-Oise,  35  miles  by  rail  S.S.W. 
of  Paris.  It  has  a  Gothic  church  of  the  thirteenth  century, 
the  remains  of  a  royal  castle,  numerous  flour-mills,  and 
manufactures  of  soap,  hosiery,  and  linen  thread.    Pop.  7511. 

Etang  de  Berre,  iH6.\»'  d^h  bain,  a  vast  lagoon  of 
France,  in  Bouches-du-Rhone,  E.  of  the  easternmost  branch 
of  the  Rhone.  It  discharges  itself  into  the  sea  by  a  pas- 
sage called  the  Port-de-Bouc,  and  has  extensive  salt-works 
anil  eel-fisheries. 

Etang  de  Thau,  iHS-v'  dQh  to,  a  lagoon  of  France, 
in  Ilcrault,  separated  from'  the  Mediterranean  by  the  nar- 
row tongue  of  land  on  which  is  the  town  of  Cette,  and 
communicating  N.E.  with  tho  similar  lagoon  of  Maguelonne. 
Length,  13  miles ;  average  breadth,  3  miles.  It  is  traversed 
by  the  Canal  du  Midi,  affords  an  abundance  of  fish,  and  ia 
frequented  by  flocks  of  aquatic  birds. 

Etang  de  Valcares,  iH6N»'  d§h  virkaR',  a  sail 
lagoon  of  South  France,  in  the  delta  of  the  Rhone. 

£tang  du  Nord,  iH5.\°'  dU  noR,  a  post-village  in  the 
western  extremity  of  Grindstone  Island,  one  of  the  Magda- 
len group,  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  120  miles  S.E.  of 
Gapp6  Basin.     The  inhabitants  are  of  French  descent. 

l^taples,  or  Estaples,  iHlp'l'  (anc.  Suq^'nlxt),  a 
seaport  town  of  France,  in  Pas-de-Calais,  on  the  Canche, 
near  its  mouth,  15  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Boulogne.  It  haa 
breweries  and  distilleries,  and  a  trade  in  salt.     Pop.  2741. 

£tats-Unis,  the  French  for  the  United  States. 

Etawah,  StUi'wi,  orEtavveh,  fit'ti'w^h,  a  district  of 
India,  division  of  Agra,  in  the  Doab.  Lat.  26°  21'-27°  N.j 
Ion.  78°  46'-79°  47'  E.  Area,  1691  square  miles.  Princi- 
pal towns,  Minpooree  and  Etawah. 

Etawah,  a  town  of  British  India,  capital  of  the  above 
district,  on  the  Jumna,  63  miles  S.E.  of  Agra,  with  remains 
of  former  grandeur.     Pop.  30,549. 

Etcheinln,  6t'ch^-min  (Fr.  pron.  §tch^§h-mS,N<»'),  or 
Ecliemin,  a  river  of  Quebec,  flowing  from  a  lake  of  the 
same  name,  lat.  46°  21'  N.,  Ion.  70°  37'  W.  It  falls  into 
the  St.  Lawrence  between  3  and  4  miles  above  the  city  of 
Quebec.     Entire  length,  about  50  miles. 

Etchen-Chai,  the  Turkish  name  of  Xanthus. 

Etch'ison,  a  post-ofiice  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md. 

Etchiniadzin,  a  town  of  Armenia.    See  Echmiedzin. 

Eted,  iHSd',  or  Eteta,  iHi'toh^,a  village  of  Transyl- 
vania, 25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Maros-Vasarhely.     Pop.  1470. 

Eten,  k-ihn',  a  town  of  Peru,  department  of  Lam- 
bayeque,  near  the  sea.  Its  port,  an  open  roadstead,  is  the 
terminus  of  a  railway  to  Lambayeque,  28  miles  distant.  It 
has  an  iron  mole  2600  feet  long,  with  steam  cranes  and 
launches  for  unlading  ships  ;  also  machine-shops,  foundries, 
and  manufactories  of  hats  and  cigar-boxes.     Pop.  3000. 

Eth'an,  a  post- village  of  Davison  co.,  S.D.,  12  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Mitchell.     It  has  2  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  &<i. 

Etii'el,  a  post-ofiice  of  Johnson  oo.,  Ga. 

Ethel,  a  post-office  of  Orange  oo.,  Ind. 


ETH 


1140 


ETO 


Ethiopiat  e-the-o'pe-^  (L.  JSthio'pia ;  Or.  Aidtoina, 
Ailkiopiit),  the  name  given  by  the  anoient  geographers  to 
the  countries  S.  of  Egypt  It  wm  often  vaguely  Bjiplied  to 
the  whole  soathern  part  of  Africa  from  the  Red  Sea  to  the 
Athintio,  or,  to  speak  more  correctly,  as  far  W.  as  the 
knotrlodge  of  the  ancients  oxteniled.  In  its  most  exact 
political  sense  it  seems  to  have  denoted  the  kingdom  of 
Moru6°;  but,  with  a  wider  apnlicntion,  it  included  also  the 
kingdom  of  the  Axoinilio,  besides  several  other  tribes, — the 
Troglodytes  and  the  Ichtliyophagi  on  the  Rod  Sea,  and  the 
Blemmyex,  Mcgabari,  and  Nubie  in  the  interior.  The  peo- 
ple of  Ethiopia  were  of  Semitic  race,  and  spoke  the  Qcoz,  a 
language  allied  to  the  Arabic.  Tlioir  religion  appears  to 
have  been  similar  to  that  of  the  Egyptians,  though  free 
from  their  grosser  superstitions.  Some  traditions  made 
Meroe  the  parent  of  Egyptian  civilization,  while  others 
ascribed  the  civilization  of  Ethiopia  to  Egyptian  coloniza- 
tion. So  great  was  the  power  of  the  Ethiopians  that  more 
than  once  in  its  history  Egypt  was  governed  by  Ethiopian 
kings,  while  the  most  powerful  kings  of  Egypt  do  not  seem 
at  any  time  to  have  acquired  a  permanent  hold  upon  Ethi- 
opia. At  present  the^ame  sometimes  designates  Abyssinia 
and  its  surroundings,  and  sometimes  applies  in  a  vague 
way  to  a  much  larger  and  indefinite  region  of  Central 
Africa. Adj.  and  inhab.  Ethiopiah,  o-tho-o'po-ijn. 

Gtive^  a  lake  of  Scotland.     See  Locn  Etive. 

Eyou,  fit-yoo',  a  town  of  Japan,  on  the  island  of  Kioo- 
Sioo,  65  miles  N.E.  of  Nagasaki. 

Etko,  fit'ko,  or  At'koo,  called  also  Boheyret  At- 
koo,  a  lagoon  of  Lower  Egypt,  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rosetta, 
IS  miles  in  length,  and  from  3  to  6  miles  in  breadth.  It  is 
separated  from  the  Mediterranean  by  a  narrow  sand-bank, 
on  which  is  the  village  of  Etko,  14  miles  E.  of  Abookecr. 

Et'Iah,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Franklin  co..  Mo., 
on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  70  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis, 
and  near  the  Missouri  River. 

Etna,  it'na  (L.  JEt'na;  Sicilian,  Jlfon(/i'6cWo,  mon-jo- 
bSrio;  a  corruption  of  the  Gihhel  Uttamat,  or  "mountain 
of  fire,"  of  the  Saracens),  a  volcano  in  the  N.E.  of  Sicily, 
near  the  coast,  and  within  a  short  distance  of  Catania.  The 
loftie.n  summit  is  in  lat.  37°  43'  31"  N.,  Ion.  15°  E.,  and  is 
10,874  feet  above  sea-Ievcl.  The  base  covers  an  area  of 
nearly  90  miles  in  circumference,  and  is  almost  encircled  by 
the  rivers  Alcantara  and  Gi.aretta,  the  sea  marking  its 
limits  on  the  E.  The  dimensions  of  the  crater  have  been 
variously  stated,  the  circumference  from  2i  miles  to  4  miles, 
and  the  depth  from  600  to  800  feet ;  but  the  height  of  the 
cone,  the  diameter  of  the  crater,  and  its  depth,  are  liable  to 
constant  change.  Although,  when  viewed  from  a  distance, 
Etna  presents  a  very  symmetrical  cone,  it  is  found,  on  a 
nearer  approach,  to  have  an  exceedingly  diversified  sur- 
face and  to  be  studded  on  its  flanks  by  numerous  minor 
cones.  When  viewed  from  above,  these  present  one  of  the 
most  striking  scenes  imaginable,  being  arranged  in  beauti- 
ful picturesque  groups  and  richly  clothed  with  wood, — those 
in  the  higher  parts  with  lofty  pines,  and  those  at  lower 
elevations  with  chestnuts,  oaks,  beech,  and  holm.  The  great 
terminating  cone,  at  the  summit  of  which  is  the  principal 
crater  or  opening,  which  is  continually  throwing  out  sul- 
phurous vapors,  rises  from  an  irregular  plain  9  miles  in 
circumference  and  about  1100  feet  below  the  culminating 
point.  The  interior  of  this  crater  is  incrusted  with  sulphur 
and  salts  to  the  depth  of  about  100  yards.  The  bottom  of 
the  crater  is  level  and  tolerably  hard,  though,  from  being 
composed  of  loose  cinders,  the  feet  sink  in  in  some  places. 
About  80  eruptions  of  Etna  are  recorded  in  history  ;  the 
more  remarkable  ones  of  later  periods  are  those  of  1792, 
1811,  1819,  1832,  1843,  1865,  and  1874.  The  eruption  of 
1 792  continued  for  a  whole  year  ;  the  streams  of  lava  which 
flowed  from  the  mountain  on  that  occasion  were  often  30 
feet  high  while  in  their  fluid  state.  In  that  of  1832,  numer- 
ous fiery  mouths  opened  in  the  sides  of  the  mountain,  from 
which,  in  the  midst  of  violent  explosions  and  tremendous  dis- 
charges of  ashes  and  cinders,  issued  a  stream  of  lava  IS 
miles  in  length,  1  mile  broad,  and  30  feet  high.  In  1669 
one  of  these  burning  streams  of  molten  matter  overtopped 
the  ramparts  of  Catania,  60  feet  in  height,  and  fell  in  a 
fiery  cascade  into  the  city,  a  part  of  which  it  destroyed  ;  and 
the  solid  lava  may  still  be  seen  curling  over  the  top  of  the 
rampart,  like  a  cascade  in  the  act  of  falling.  At  the  foot 
of  the  crater  of  Mount  Etna,  9652  feet  above  the  sea,  is  a 
building,  called  the  English  House.  This  house  is  covered 
with  snow  till  the  middle  of  June,  and  fresh  snow  falls  on 
it  in  August. Adj.  Etnean,  fit-nee'an  (L.  ^tn^'iis). 

Et'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Ark.,  8  miles  S. 
of  Ozark. 

Etna)  a  post-office  of  Polk  oo.,  Ga. 


Etna,  a  post-rillage  of  Coles  oo..  III.,  on  the  Chicago 
division  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  180  miles  S.  by  W. 
of  Chicago.     It  has  2  churches. 

Etna,  a  township  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1007. 
It  contains  Etna  Qrcen. 

Etna,  a  township  of  Whitley  eo.,  Ind.  Pop.  429.  It 
contains  the  village  of  Ilecla. 

Etna,  a  township  of  Hardin  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop.  854,  ex- 
elusive  of  Acklcy  ond  Abbott. 

Etna,  a  post-village  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  in  Etna 
township,  on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  18  miles  W.  of 
liangor.  It  has  a  church.  The  township  has  manufacturoi 
of  carriages  and  cheese.     Pop.  of  the  township,  844. 

Etna,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn.,  about  32 
miles  S.  of  Rochester.     It  has  a  church. 

Etna,  a  post-village  of  Scotland  co.,  Mo.,  about  32 
miles  W.  of  Keokuk,  Iowa.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Etna,  a  post-office  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J. 

Etna,  a  post-village  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Dryden 
township,  on  Fall  Creek,  and  on  the  Utica,  Ithaca  <fe  Elniira 
Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Ithaca.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
union  school,  a  foundry,  a  machine-shop,  a  planing-mill, 
and  a  furniture-factory.     Pop.  230. 

Etna,  a  post-village  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  in  Etna  town- 
ship, 2  miles  from  Pataskala  Station,  and  17  miles  E.  of 
Columbus.  It  has  2  churches,  a  carriage-shop,  a  broom- 
factory,  Ac.     Pop.  258;  of  the  township,  1224. 

Etna,  a  post-borough  in  Shalcr  township,  Alleghany 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  thcAVestern  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of  Pittsburg,  and  5  miles 
above  Alleghany  City.  It  has  4  churches,  a  public  hall,  5 
hotels,  a  i.irgc  blast-furnace,  a  rolling-mill,  and  gas-pipe- 
works,  in  which  natural  gas  is  used  as  a  fuel.  Pop.  in  1870, 
1447  ;  in  1880,  2334 ;  in  1890,  3767. 

Etna,  a  post-village  of  Clarke  co.,  Washington,  22  miles 
(direct)  N.  by  E.  of  Vancouver.  It  has  a  church,  lumber- 
mills,  &c.     Pop.  about  100. 

Etna,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lafayette  eo..  Wis.,  13  miles 
(direct)  S.W.  of  Darlington.  It  has  a  flour-mill.  Lead  is 
found  here  in  magnesian  limestone.     Pop.  50. 

Etna  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Penobscot  co..  Me. 

Etna  Furnace,  a  station  in  Lawrence  co.,  0.,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Iron  Railroad,  10  miles  by  rail  from  Ironton. 

Etna  Green,  a  post-village  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.,  50 
miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  411. 

Etna  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Siskiyou  co.,  Cal.,  23 
miles  (direct)  S.  by  W.  of  Yreka.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
cheese-factory,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  291. 

Etna  Mills,  a  post-office  of  King  William  eo.,  Va. 

Etna  Station,  in  Lawrence  co.,  0.,  is  on  the  Iron 
Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Ironton,  and  at  the  junction  of  the 
branch  leading  to  Ellison., 

]&toile,  iHwir,  or  L'Etoile,  liHwll',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Dr6me,  7  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Valence.     Pop.  946. 

Etolia,  a  district  of  Greece.    See  .^tolia. 

Etoliu  Harbor,  Alaska.    See  Fort  AVraxcell. 

E'ton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Bucks,  on  the  ii;,'ht 
bank  of  the  Thames,  opposite  Windsor,  with  which  it  is 
connected  by  a  handsome  bridge.  The  town  is  famous  fof 
its  college,  founded  by  King  Henry  VI.  in  1446,  and  now  a 
favorite  seat  of  preliminary  instruction  for  the  sons  of  the 
nobility  and  gentry.     Pop.  2806. 

Etoni'ah,  a  post-office  and  settlement  of  Putnam  co.,- 
Fla.,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Palatka.  It  has  a  church.  Oranges, 
lemons,  pine-apples,  and  bananas  flourish  here. 

Et'owah  (generally  called  hi'to-wa,  and  formerly  writ- 
ten Ilightower),  a  river  of  Georgia,  rises  in  Lumpkin  co., 
and  runs  southwestward  through  Dawson  and  Cherokee 
cos.  It  flows  nearly  northwestward  through  Bartow  co., 
•and  unites  with  the  Oosten.aula  River  at  Rome  to  form  the 
Coosa.  Its  length  is  estimated  at  150  miles.  Gold  is  found 
near  this  river, 

EtOAVah,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Alabama,  has  an 
area  of  about  510  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Coosa  River,  and  also  drained  by  Wills  and  other  creeks. 
The  surface  is  diversified  by  hills,  valleys,  and  extensive 
forests ;  the  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  cotton, 
wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  traversed 
by  the  Eastern  Tennessee,  Virginia  A  Georgia,  Louisville 
A  Nashville,  Tennessee  A  Coosa,  and  Chattanooga  Southern 
Railroads,  all  of  which  communicate  with  Gadsden,  the 
'capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,109;  in  1880,- 
15,398;  in  1890,  21,926. 

Etowah,  a  station  in  Bartow  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Western 
A  Atlantic  Railroad,  46  miles  N.W.  of  Atlanta. 


ETR 


1141 


EUG 


;6tretat,  i'tr?h-t4',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine-Inf6- 
rieure,  on  the  English  Channel,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ilavre. 
Pop.  1976. 

£truria,  e-troo'ro-i,  in  ancient  times  one  of  the  most 
important  countries  of  Italy,  now  forms  the  greater  part  of 
Tuscany  and  a  portion  of  Umbria.  The  name  was  restored 
by  Napoleon,  who,  in  1801,  formed  of  the  grand  duchy  of 
Tuscany  the  kingdom  of  Etruria,  which  was  united  to  the 

French  Empire  in  1807.  (See  Tuscany.) Adj.  and  inhab. 

Etru'rian  and  Etrus'can. 

Etru'ria,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Stafford,  IJ  miles 
N.E.  of  Ncwcastle-under-Lyme.  Here  were  the  manufac- 
tures of  Wedgwood,  the  great  improver  of  English  pottery. 

£tsch,  the  German  name  of  the  river  Adige. 

Etsed,  or  Ecsed,  fit^h^fid',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co. 
of  Heves,  about  5  miles  from  Gyongyos.     Pop.  1900. 

Etsed,  or  Ecsed,  a  village  of  Hungary,  24  miles 
AV.N.W.  of  Szathmar-Neraeth,  on  the  Kraszna.    Pop.  1300. 

Etska,  a  village  of  Hungary.    See  Ecska. 

Et'ta,  a  post-village  of  Sierra  co.,  Cal.,  23  miles  (direct) 
"E.N.E.  of  Downieville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and 
.»  sash- and  door- factory.     Pop.  200. 

Et'ta  Jane,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  S.C.,  14  miles 
S.  of  Gaffney's  Station.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Ettelbriick,  6t't9l-briik\  a  village  of  Luxemburg,  at  a 
railway  junction,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Diekirch.     Pop.  2879. 

Etten,  St'i^n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North 
Brabant,  6  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Breda.     Pop.  1100. 

Ettenheim,  St'ten-Jiime^  a  town  of  Baden,  18  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Freiburg.  '  Pop.  2799. 

Et'ter,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dakota  co.,  Minn.,  8  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Hastings.     Pop.  about  100. 

Etter,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wythe  co.,  Va.,  8  miles  (direct) 
S.W.  of  Wytheville. 

Etters,  York  co.,  Pa.     See  Qoldsdorough. 

Ettisweil,  fit'tis-*ir,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lucerne,  on  the  Roth.     Pop.  945. 

Ettlin§;en,  5tt'ling-en,  a  town  of  Baden,  4i  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Carlsruhe.  Pop.  5288.  It  has  gunpowder-,  paper-, 
and  cotton-mills. 

Et'trick,  a  river  of  Scotland,  joining  the  Tweed,  after  a 
course  of  24  miles,  2  miles  below  Selkirk. 

Ettrick,  a  mountainous  parish  of  Scotland,  near  the 
head- waters  of  the  Ettrick  River,  co.  and  17  miles  S.W.  of 
Selkirk.  Hogg,  "  the  Ettrick  Shepherd,"  was  born  and 
spent  the  greater  part  of  his  life  in  this  parish. 

Et'trick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Trempealeau  co.,  Wis.,  on 
Beaver  Creek,  12  miles  S.  of  Blair  Railroad  Station,  and 
about  25  miles  N.  of  La  Crosse.  It  has  3  churches,  a  cream- 
ery, a  woollen-mill,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  175. 

Et'trick  For'est,  a  pastoral  tract  of  Scotland,  watered 
by  the  Ettrick,  originally  a  part  of  the  Great  Caledonian 
Forest,  now  almost  coe.\tensive  with  Selkirk  co. 

Et'trick-Pen,  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  near  the  source 
of  the  Ettrick  River.     Height,  2200  feet. 

Et'tricks,  a  post-village  of  Chesterfield  co.,Va.,  14  miles 
S.E.  of  Chesterfield.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  cotton-mill. 
Pop.  in  1890,  991. 

Ettyek,  Stt'ySk',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Stuhl- 
weissenburg,  12  miles  from  Martonvasar.     Pop.  2236. 

Etymandrus,  or  Etymander.    See  Helmind. 

Eu,  uh  (L.  Auga  or  Augium),  a  town  of  France,  in 
Seine-Inferieure,  on  the  Bresle,  near  the  English  Channel, 
3  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Le  Treport,  and  17  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Dieppe.  In  its  parish  church,  with  a  crypt,  are  many  efR- 
gies  of  the  Artois  family.  Counts  of  Eu.  The  Chateau  d'Eu 
contains  the  finest  collection  of  historical  portraits  in  France, 
and  is  surrounded  by  a  park  and  extensive  gardens.  The 
forest  of  Eu  extends  for  a  considerable  distance  to  the  E. 
and  S.    Pop.  4169. 

Euba,  oi'bi,  a  village  of  Saxony,  circle  of  Zwickau, 
near  Thum,     Pop.  1903. 

Euba  (yu'ba)  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  15 
miles  N.W.  of  Port  Henry.  It  has  a  saw-mill,  and  4  large 
kilns  for  charcoal. 

Eubanks,  yu'banks,  a  post-oflice  of  Columbia  co.,  Ga. 

Eubanks,  a  post-oifice  and  station  of  Adams  co..  111., 
on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of  Quincy. 
.     Eubank's  Mills,  a  post-ofiiee  of  Johnson  co.,  Ark. 

Euboca,  yu-bee'ii,  or  Neg'ropont  (Turkish,  Eg'ripo' 
or  E'j'ripos''  ;  L.  Eiiboe'a;  Fr.  Eiihee,  uh'bi';  It.  Neip-oponte, 
ni'gro-pon'ti;  Gr.  Eu3oia),  the  largest  island  of  the  king- 
dom of  Greece,  of  which  it  forms  a  nomo,  in  the  .^gean 
Sea,  lying  along  the  coast  of  Boeotia  and  Attica,  between 
lat.  37°  56'  and  .39°  2'  N.  and  Ion.  22°  40'  and  24°  40'  E., 
separated  from  the  mainland  by  the  channel  of  Euboea 
(»e«  EuRiPUs),  crossed  by  a  bridge  at  its  narrowest  point. 


Its  length  is  115  miles,  and  its  greatest  breadth  33  miles. 
The  surface  is  mountainous,  but  very  fertile.  The  highest 
mountains  are  Delphi,  near  the  centre,  on  the  northern 
coa«t,  6259  feet  high,  Kandili,  4337,  and  St.  Elias,  between 
4000  and  5000  feet  high.  The  principal  products  are  corn, 
wine,  cotton,  wool,  pitch,  and  turpentine.  Many  cattle, 
sheep,  and  goats  are  reared.  The  principal  towns  are  Chal- 
cis,  capital  of  the  northern  division  (Euboea),  and  Karysto, 
the  chief  town  of  the  southern  division.  Mineral  products, 
lignite  and  chrome  ores,  black  marble,  magnesia,  Ac.     Pop. 

of  nome,  which  includes  several  smaller  islands,  82,541. 

Adj.  and  inhab.  Eubcean,  yu-bee'an. 

Euchee,  yu'chee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Meigs  co.,  Tcnn  , 
15  miles  N.W.  of  Sweetwater.  It  has  manufactures  of  iron 
and  wool. 

Euchee  Anna,  or  Uchee  Anna,  yu'chee  an'na,  a 
post-village,  capital  of  Walton  co.,  Fla.,  about  115  miles 
W.  of  Tallahassee.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  and  a 
lumber-mill. 

Euchee  (or  Uchee)  Creek,  Alabama,  runs  E.  through 
Russell  CO.,  and  enters  the  Chattahoochee. 

Euclid,  yn'klld,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co.,  Minn.,  14 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Crookston.  It  has  2  churches,  and  pub- 
lic schools.     Pop.  350. 

Euclid,  a  post-village  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Clay 
township,  near  the  Oneida  River,  about  11  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Syracuse.  It  has  2  churches,  a  cigar-factory,  a  steam 
saw-mill,  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  138. 

Euclid,  a  post- village  of  Cuyahoga  co.,  0.,  near  Euclid 
Station,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cleveland,  with  which  it  is  con- 
nected by  a  dummy  railroad.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
basket-factory.     Pop.  about  150. 

Eucut'ta,  a  post-oflice  of  Wayne  co..  Miss. 

Eudokeef  (yuMo-keef)  or  Fog'gy  Islands,  Alaska, 
a  group  of  small  islands  in  the  Pacific,  off  the  S.E.  coast 
of  Alaska,  a  part  of  the  group  of  Seven  Islands. 

Eudo'ra,  a  village  of  Chicot  co.,  Ark.,  on  the  Missis- 
sippi River,  100  miles  above  Vicksburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Eudora,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jasper  co.,  Ga.,  14  miles  S. 
of  Covington. 

Eudora,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  co.,  Kansas,  in  Eu- 
dora township,  on  the  S,  bank  of  the  Kansas  River,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Wakarusa,  8  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Lawrence. 
It  has  6  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  high 
school.     Pop.  in  1890,  618. 

Eudora,  a  post-village  of  De  Soto  co.,  Miss.,  9  miles 
W.  of  Hernando.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Eudora,  a  post-oflice  of  Nodaway  co..  Mo. 

Euerdorf,  oi'^r-donf,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Saale, 
29  miles  N.N.E.  of  Wiirzburg.     Pop.  1087. 

Eufaula,  yu-faw'la,  a  city  of  Barbour  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
AV.  bank  of  the  Chattahoochee  River,  about  50  miles  S.  of 
Columbus,  Ga.,  and  80  miles  E.S.E.  of  Montgomery.  Large 
steamboats  can  ascend  the  river  to  this  point  at  all  seasons. 
It  is  a  terminus  of  the  Montgomery  <fc  Eufaula  Railroad, 
and  of  the  Southwestern  Georgia  Railroad,  which  connects 
here  with  the  Vicksburg  &  Brunswick  Railroad.  It  has  7 
churches,  a  public  hall,  a  female  college,  4  banking-houses, 
3  hotels,  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and  furniture.  A 
daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  About 
30,000  bales  of  cotton  are  shipped  here  annually.  Pop.  in 
1880,  3836 ;  in  1890,  4394. 

Eufaula,  a  post-village  of  the  Creek  Nation,  Indian  Ter- 
ritory, and  a  station  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Rail- 
road, 123  miles  N.  of  Denison.  It  has  2  churches,  2  acad- 
emies, and  a  newspaper  office. 

Eufemia,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Santa  Eupemia. 

Euganeau  (yu-gi'ne-an)  Hills,  a  low  range  of  North- 
ern Italy,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Padua,  extending  for  about  10 
miles  from  N.W.  to  S.E.,  and  containing  many  fossil  re- 
mains, and  hot  springs  resorted  to  for  bathing. 

Eugene,  yu-jeen',  a  post-village  of  Knox  co..  111.,  in 
Elba  and  Truro  townships,  about  30  miles  W.N.W,  of  Peoria. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  bank. 

Eugene,  a  post-village  of  Vermilion  co.,  Ind.,  in  Eu- 
gene township,  on  the  Vermilion  River,  and  on  the  Chicago 
&  Eastern  Illinois  Railroad,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Danville,  III., 
and  37  miles  N.  of  Terre  Haute.  It  has  2  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  high  school  and  a  graded  school,  a  bank,  a 
saw-mill,  and  manufactures  of  tomb-stones,  bricks,  flour, 
and  woollen  goods.     Pop.  of  the  township,  3474. 

Eugene,  a  post-village  of  Ringgold  co.,  Iowa,  12  miles 
S.  of  Afton,  and  about  65  miles  S.S.W.  of  Des  Moines.  It 
has  a  church. 

Eugene,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lane  co.,  Oregon, 
on  the  Willamette  River,  at  the  head  of  steamboat  nav- 
igation, and   on   the   Oregon   k   California   Railroad,  124 


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nilm  S.  of  Portland,  and  45  miles  8.  of  Albany.  It  has  a 
oourt-liouse,  12  churche«,  and  manufuotures  of  earriiige*, 
flour,  furniture,  lumber,  and  leather.  It  i«  the  site  of  the 
new  Rtate  university,  and  is  partly  nurrounded  by  an  amphi- 
theatre of  low  mountains.  Two  newvpapers  are  published 
here.    Pop.  about  4000. 

Kugcnia,  yu-jec'ne-^,  a  post-village  of  Orey  co.,  On- 
tario, 6  miles  N.  of  Fleshorton,  at  the  falls  of  Heaver  River, 
wbioh  affords  power  utilized  in  a  number  of  mills.     P.  100. 

Euhnrlee,  or  Eiihnrlcy,  yu-har'leo,  a  post-village  of 
Bartow  CO.,  Qa.,  on  the  Ktowah  Iliver,  at  the  mouth  of  Eu- 
harlce  Creek,  2  miles  from  the  Cherokee  llailrood,  and  about 
45  miles  N.W.  of  Atlanta.  It  has2ohurohe8.  Pop.  about  300. 

Kuharlce  Creek,  of  Georgia,  rises  in  Polk  co.,  runs 
northeastward,  and  enters  the  Etowah  River  in  Bartow  co. 

Uii-IIo,  a  river  in  China.    See  Yu-IIo. 

£ul<vu8f  the  ancient  name  of  KAnooN. 

£ulalia,  yu-l&'le-%,  a  township  of  Potter  co.,  Pa. 

Eulau,  oi'lSw,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  a  railway,  12  miles 
N.  of  Aussegg.     Pop.  256fi. 

Eule,  oi'lfh,  or  Elau,  &'ISw,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  12 
miles  S.  of  Prague,  once  noted  for  its  gold-mines.    P.  1798. 

Enlenberg,  oi'l^n-b^no^  a  town  of  Moravia,  18  miles 
N.  of  Olmutz.     Pop.  320. 

Euiia,  yu'le-a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Macon  co.,  Tenn.,  8 
miles  (direct)  W.S.W.  of  La  Fa3'ette.     It  has  2  stores. 

Eulogy,  yQ'l9-g9,  a  post-villngo  of  Bosque  co.,  Tex.,  20 
miles  (direct)  N.  of  Meridian.  It  has  3  churches,  an  acad- 
emy, and  general  stores  and  business  houses.     Pop.  100. 

Eunieh,  a  village  of  Turkey.     See  Unyeh. 

Eiinostein  Engcrs,  a  town  of  Germany.  SeeExoERs. 

Eupatoria,  yu-pi-to're-i,  formerly  Koslow,  or 
Koslov,  kos-lov',  a  town  of  Russia,  on  the  western  coast 
of  the  Crimea,  38  miles  W.N.W.  of  Simferopol.  It  has  a 
Tartar  school,  mosque,  hospital,  custom-house,  a  large  har- 
bor, and  trade  in  salt,  provisions,  black  lambs'  fur,  and 
hides.     Pop.  8294,  in  part  Karaite  Jews. 

Enpen,  oi'p^n  (Fr.  N(au,  ni*5'),  a  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ai.K-la-Chapelle,  on  the  Vesdre, 
and  on  a  railway.  It  has  important  manufactories  of 
woollens.     Pop.  14,769. 

Eupeptic  (yu-pcp'ttk)  Springs,  a  post-office  and 
watoring-i)lace  of  Irodoll  co.,  N.C.,  12  miles  N.  of  States- 
Tille. 

Euphcmia,  yu-fee'me-a,  a  post-village  of  Preble  co., 
0.,  on  Twin  Creek,  in  Harrison  township,  about  22  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Dayton.  It  has  several  churches  and  a  high 
Bchool.     Pop.  107. 

Euphrates,  yu-fri'tEz  (Turk.  El  Frat,  i\  frit;  also 
called  by  the  natives  Moorad),  a  river  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
celebrated  for  the  great  events  that  have  occurred  on  its 
banks,  and  for  the  renowned  cities  whose  walls  it  has  laved, 
has  its  sources  in  two  principal  branches  in  about  40°  N.  lat. 
and  between  41°  30'  and  42°  55'  E.  Ion.  Moorad-Chai,  its 
easternmost  and  largest  branch,  has  its  origin  in  the  Anti- 
Taurus  Mountains,  near  the  meridian  last  named,  while  a 
Bmaller  branch,  Kard-Soo,  rises  70  or  80  miles  farther  W. 
in  the  same  range,  about  24  miles  N.E.  of  Erzroom.  These 
main  confluents  unite  near  Kebiln-Maden  (or  Kebbfin- 
Madcn),  in  lat.  about  38°  58'  N.  and  Ion.  38°  30'  E.,  and 
from  thence  take  the  name  of  Euphrates.  The  general 
course  of  the  two  principal  affluents  before  their  union,  as 
well  as  that  of  the  main  river,  is  S.W.  to  within  about  SO 
miles  of  the  Gulf  of  Iskanderoon.  From  this  point  the  Eu- 
phrates flows  a  little  E.  of  S.  for  87  miles,  or  65  miles  in  a 
direct  line  to  Balis,  in  lat.  36°  1'  21"  N.  and  Ion.  38°  7' 
10"  E.  Thence  it  takes  a  general  southeastern  course, 
which,  with  innumerable  dfitours,  it  preserves  till  it  dis- 
charges its  waters  into  the  Persian  Gulf,  after  a  course  of 
more  than.  1780  miles  from  the  head-waters  of  the  Moorad- 
Chai.  The  latter  river  of  itself  has  a  course  of  400  miles 
before  its  junction  with  the  Kard-Soo.  For  about  680 
miles  from  their  sources  the  Euphrates  and  its  upward  trib- 
utaries flow  through  a  mountainous  country.  The  Eu- 
phrates lower  down  offers  a  perpetual  variety  in  its  devious 
course,  which  is  now  through  swelling  hills,  and  now  wash- 
ing the  base  of  some  perpendicular  cliff,  crowned  with  its 
ruined  castle  or  fortress.  At  80  miles  below  Rakka  preci- 
pices rise  abruptly  to  a  height  of  from  300  to  600  feet  above 
the  water's  edge.  At  Hit,  in  lat.  33°  38'  N.  and  Ion.  42° 
62'  E.,  the  country  begins  to  be  level,  and  both  above  and 
below  this  town  ancient  irrigating  aqueducts  of  costly  con- 
struction diverge  from  the  main  stream.  The  Euphrates 
is  120  yards  in  width  a  little  below  the  junction  of  its  two 
main  branches ;  while  its  general  breadth  varies  from  200 
to  400  and  even  600  yards,  but  narrows  (owing  to  the  nu- 
aerous  canals  for  irrigation)  below  Uillah  to  160,  120,  and 


even  60  yards  in  width.  After  receiving  the  Tigris,  in 
about  31°  N.  lat.  and  47°  29'  E.  Ion.,  the  united  rivers  take 
the  name  of  Shat-el-Arab,  wliich  c.\))and8  to  nearly  half  a 
mile  in  breadth,  and  for  the  last  40  miles  to  even  a  greiuor 
breadth.  The  general  depth  of  the  Unper  Euphrates  ex- 
ceeds 8  feet,  and  between  Khaboor  and  ilassorah,  or  Hnsrnh, 
the  depth  varies  from  8  to  21  feet,  the  shallows  being  in  the 
lower  parts  of  the  river,  in  the  marshes  once  forming  the 
Chaldean  Lake,  where  the  Euphrates  separates  into  two 
branches,  from  which  smaller  ones  and  numerous  irrigating 
cuts  diverge.  Below  Bassorah  the  depth  increases  to  30 
feet,  and  in  some  instances  to  40  feet  or  more.  The  current 
varies  from  2  to  4  miles  an  hour  at  high  water.  At  Hit 
the  mean  velocity  is  4.46  feet  per  second,  while  that  of  the 
Danube  at  Pcsth  is  but  2.33  feet.  The  Euphrates  is  navi- 
gable  without  serious  interruption  from  Somcisat  to  the 
sea,  a  distance  of  1195  miles,  and  rafts  are  floated  down 
even  above  the  latter  town.  There  are,  however,  some  oh- 
structions  to  navigation  at  low  water,  caused  by  ledges  of 
rocks.  Steamboat  navigation  is  developed  to  some  extent, 
but  far  less  than  on  the  Tigris. 

It  is  remarkable  that  though  this  great  river  has  its 
sources  comparatively  near  the  Caspian  and  Black  Seas, 
and  approaches  to  within  less  than  100  miles  of  the  MuiH- 
terranean  near  its  middle  course,  it  should  yet  discharge 
itself  into  the  Persian  Gulf,  the  most  remote  of  the  four 
seas.  The  quantity  of  water  discharged  by  the  Shatt-el- 
Arab  is  computed  at  236,907  cubic  feet  per  second.  The 
principal  tributaries  of  the  Eupl\rates  descending,  and  in 
order  below  Kebdn-Maden,  are  the  Karil-Soo,  the  Sajur, 
the  Khaboor,  the  Tigris  (almost  equal  in  magnitude  to 
the  Euphrates,  and  much  deeper),  and  the  Karoon, 

The  flooding  of  the  Euphrates  is  caused  by  the  melting 
of  the  snow  in  the  mountains  along  the  upper  part  of  its 
course.  This  takes  place  about  the  beginning  of  March, 
and  increases  gradually  up  to  the  end  of  May.  The  river 
continues  high  and  very  rapid  for  30  or  40  days  ;  but  after- 
wards decreases  duily  until  it  reaches  its  lowest  in  Septem- 
ber and  October.  The  increment  of  land  about  the  delta 
has  been  found  to  be  a  mile  in  30  years, — double  that  of  any 
other  delta, — owing  greatly  to  the  nature  of  the  soil  over 
which  the  river  and  its  associates  flow,  and  to  this  dctrital 
matter  being  deposited  in  so  land-locked  a  body  of  water 
as  the  Persian  Gulf,  where,  owing  to  the  inset  tide,  the 
sediment  is  poured  backward,  not  forward. 

Eupora,  yu-po'rah,  a  post-village  of  Webster  co..  Miss., 
37  miles  by  rail  W.  of  West  Point,  and  5  miles  (direct)  S. 
of  Walthall.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  oflice, 
a  normal  school,  and  a  tobacco- factory.     Pop.  432. 

Euraca,  the  ancient  name  of  Yanisa. 

Eure,  iir  or  un  (anc.  Ehuraf),  a  river  of  France,  rises 
in  the  department  of  Orne,  flows  N.E.  through  the  depart- 
ments of  Eure-et-Loir  and  Eure,  and  joins  the  Seine  on 
the  left  above  Pont-de-rArche.  Its  chief  affluent  is  the 
Iton,  on  the  left.  Its  length  is  112  miles,  for  50  of  which 
it  is  navigable. 

Eure,  a  department  in  the  N.W.  of  France,  forms  part 
of  the  old  province  of  Normandy,  situated  on  the  estuary 
of  the  Seine,  between  lat.  48°  37'  and  49°  28'  N.  Area, 
2400  square  miles.  The  climate  is  mild  and  humid ;  the 
surface  is  generally  flat.  The  chief  rivers  are  the  Seine 
and  its  affluents  the  Eure,  Rille,  and  Andellc,  and  the  Iton, 
an  affluent  of  the  Eure.  The  minerals  com])rise  iron,  build- 
ing-stones, and  mill-stones.  Wheat  is  raised  for  exportation ; 
apples  and  pears  are  important  crops ;  pasture  is  exten- 
sive, and  forests  cover  one-lifth  of  the  department.  E.xcel- 
lent  horses,  cattle,  and  sheep  are  reared.  The  mining  and 
manufacturing  industry  is  very  active.  The  manufactures 
include  woollens,  cotton,  paper,  glass,  iron,  copper,  and  zinc 
wares.  The  department  is  divided  into  the  arrondisse- 
ments  of  Les  Andclj's,  Bemay,  Evreux,  Louviers,  and  Pont 
Audemer.     Capital,  Evreux.     Pop.  in  1891,  349,471. 

Eure-et-Loir,  uR-4-lwan,  a  department  in  the  N.AV. 
of  France,  forms  part  of  the  oldprovinccs  of  Orlennnais  and 
Ile-de-France,  and  is  situated  between  lat.  47°  57'  and  48'= 
55'  N.  Area,  about  2300  square  miles.  Its  chief  rivers 
are  the  Eure  and  Loir.  There  are  many  marshes  in  the 
W.  The  climate  is  mild  and  temperate;  the  soil  is  ex- 
tremely fertile,  and  a  great  amount  of  cereal  grain  is  raised. 
It  is  considered  the  granary  of  Paris.  Here  excellent  cav- 
alry-horses are  reared,  and  numerous  cattle,  sheep,  and 
poultry.  The  department  is  poor  in  minerals,  but  has  sev- 
eral iron-works  and  manufactories  of  coarse  cloths,  cottons, 
and  paper.  It  is  divided  into  the  arrondissements  of  Char- 
tres,  Chateaudun,  Dreux,  and  Nogent-le-Rotrou.  Capital, 
Chartres.     Pop.  in  1891,  284,683. 

Eureka,  yu-ree'ka,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of 


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Nevada,  is  intersected  by  the  Humboldt  River.  The  sur- 
face IS  partly  mountainous.  The  soil  requires  irrigation  to 
render  it  fertile.  Here  are  rich  mines  of  silver  and  lead. 
The  connty  is  traversed  by  two  railroads,  the  Central  Pa- 
cific and  the  Eureka  A  Palisade.  Capital,  Eureka.  Pep. 
in  1670,  5029  ;  in  1880,  7086;  in  1890,  3275. 

Hurdi-O.,  a  station  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Alabama 
&  Chattanooga  Railroad,  35  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chattanooga. 

Gureka,  a  post-village  of  Talladega  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Choccolocco  Creek,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Talladega.  It  has 
2  churches  and  manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber.  The 
creek  affords  water-power. 

Eureka,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cross  co.,  Ark.,  5  miles  W. 
of  AVittsburg. 

JBureka,  a  city  and  the  capital  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal., 
on  Humboldt  Bay,  about  2  miles  (direct)  E.  of  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  and  7  miles  N.E.  of  the  entrance  to  the  bay.  It  is 
about  215  miles  (direct)  N.W.  of  Sacramento.  It  has  a 
bank,  5  churches,  12  graded  schools,  2  seminaries,  a  con- 
Tent,  printing-offices  which  issue  2  daily  and  4  weekly 
newspapers,  a  foundry,  4  tanneries,  6  large  steam  lumber- 
mills,  machine-  and  boiler-works.  Steamboats  run  regu- 
larly to  San  Francisco,  240  miles  distant.  Eureka  has  a 
mild  and  equable  climate.  It  is  surrounded  by  mountains 
and  forests  of  redwood  trees,  which  attain  an  enormous 
size.  It  has  a  safe  harbor,  which  is  separated  from  the 
ocean  by  a  very  narrow  tongue  of  land,  avd  has  about  15 
feet  of  water  at  low  tide.  Large  quantities  of  redwood 
lumber  are  exported  from  this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  4858. 

Eureka,  a  township  of  Nevada  co.,  Cal.  Pop.  1440. 
It  contains  Eureka  South. 

Eureka,  a  station  in  Bent  co.,  Col.,  on  the  Kansas 
Pacific  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Kit  Carson. 

Eureka,  a  post-office  of  San  Juan  co..  Col.,  6  miles 
(direct)  N.  by  E.  of  Silverton.     Pop.  about  100. 

Eureka,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Fla.,  about  75 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Jacksonville.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
eteam  cotton-gin. 

Eureka,  a  post-village  of  Dooly  co.,  Ga.,  15  miles  S.W. 
of  Hawkinsville.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  seminary. 

Eureka,  a  post-village  of  Woodford  co.,  111.,  at  the 
junction  of  two  railroads,  20  miles  E.  by  N.  from  Peoria, 
and  136  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  contains  2  banks,  3 
churches,  a  high  school,  a  creamery,  a  tile-  and  brick-fac- 
tory, and  2  newspaper  offices.  It  is  the  seat  of  Eureka 
College,  which  was  founded  in  1855,  and  is  under  the  con- 
trol of  the  Christians  or  Disciples  of  Christ.  Pop.  in  1890, 
1481. 

Eureka,  a  post-hamlet  of  Spencer  co.,  Ind.,  10  miles 
W.  of  Rockport,  and  1  or  2  miles  from  the  Ohio  River.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  graded  school.  It  is  a 
fine  wheat-,  corn-,  and  tobacco-growing  district. 

Eureka,  a  township  of  Adair  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  676. 

Eureka,  a  post-village  of  Adame  co.,  Iowa,  in  Washing- 
ton township,  9  miles  N.  of  Corning.     It  has  coal-mines. 

Eureka,  a  hamlet  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa,  in  Richland 
township,  10  miles  S.  of  Tama  City.  It  has  a  church  and 
2  stores. 

Eureka,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Greenwood  co.,  Kan- 
sas, on  Fall  River,  48  miles  S.  of  Emporia,  and  about  32 
miles  E.  of  EI  Dorado.  It  has  a  court-house,  6  churches,  3 
banks,  2  flouring-mills,  and  3  weekly  newspaper  offices. 
Pop.  in  1880,  1127;  in  1890,  2259. 

Eureka,  a  township  of  Saline  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  974. 

Eureka,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lyon  co.,  Ky.,  7  miles  W.  of 
Eddyville.     It  hag  general  stores. 

Eureka,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  Mich.,  in  Green- 
bush  township,  9  miles  N.  of  St.  John.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  flouring-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  250. 

Eureka,  a  township  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  933. 
It  contains  Greenville. 

Eureka,  a  township  of  Dakota  co.,  Minn.  Pop.  761. 
It  contains  ChristianJi. 

Eureka,  a  hamlet  of  Lee  co..  Miss.,  about  10  miles 
S.E.  of  Tupelo.     It  has  a  church. 

Eureka,  a  post-village  of  St.  Louis  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Maramec  River,  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  4 
churches  and  a  public  school.     Pop.  150. 

Eureka,  a  post-office  of  Hayes  co..  Nob. 

Eureka,  a  mining  post-village,  capital  of  Eureka  co., 
Nevada,  is  about  85  miles  E.  of  Austin,  and  40  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Hamilton.  It  has  a  bank,  3  churches,  a  money- 
order  post-office,  and  rich  mines  of  silver  and  lead,  and  is 
one  of  the  most  important  places  in  the  state.  A  news- 
paper is  published  here.  The  Eureka  <fc  Palisade  Railroad, 
90  miles  long,  connects  this  point  with  Palisade  Station  on 
the  Central  Pacific  Railroad.     Pop,  in  1890,  1609. 


Eureka,  a  station  on  the  Virginia  &  Truckee  Railroad, 
13  miles  S.  of  Virginia  City,  Nev. 

Eureka,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y. 

Eureka,  Gallia  co.,  0.    See  Chambersburg. 

Eureka,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Montgomery  township,  3  miles  from  Chalfont  Station,  and 
about  22  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a  church,  an 
academy,  and  a  flour-  and  saw-mill. 

Eureka,  a  post-village  of  McPherson  co.,  S.D.,  26  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Roscoe.  It  has  2  banks  and  2  newspaper 
offices.     Pop.  552. 

Eureka,  Texas.    See  Eureka  Mills. 

Eureka,  a  post-office  of  Navarro,  Tex.,  13  miles  E. 
of  Corsicana. 

Eureka,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Juab  co., 
Utah,  20  miles  W.  of  Santaquin.  It  has  mines  of  copper, 
gold,  and  silver,  smelting-works,  and  quartz-mills. 

Eureka,  a  post-village  of  Walla  Walla  co.,  Washington, 
17  miles  (direct)  N.  by  W.  of  Walla  Walla.  It  has  general 
stores,  (fee. 

Eureka,  a  post-village  of  Winnebago  co..  Wis.,  in  Rush- 
ford  township,  on  Fox  River,  about  16  miles  AV.  of  Osh- 
kosh,  and  10  miles  N.  of  Ripon.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded 
school,  and  a  flour-mill.  Steamers  ply  from  this  place  to 
Oshkosh.     Pop.  about  317. 

Eureka  Mills,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Plu- 
mas CO.,  Cal.,  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Quincy.  It  has  a 
church. 

Eureka  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Elbert  co.,  Ga.,  7  miles  E. 
of  Elberton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Eureka  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Charlotte  co.,  Va. 

Eureka  South  (Graniteville  Post-Office),  a  village 
and  mining-camp  of  Nevada  co.,  Cal.,  26  miles  N.E.  of 
Nevada  City.     It  has  2  churches,  and  mines  of  gold. 

Eureka  Springs,  a  thriving  post-village  and  water- 
ijg-place,  capital  of  Carroll  co.,  Ark.,  13  miles  by  rail  S.E. 
of  Seligman,  Mo.  It  has  mineral-waters  for  which  it  is 
celebrated.     Pop.  in  1890,  3706. 

Euripus,  yu-rl'pus,  or  Chan'nel  of  Talan'da,  a 
long  strait  dividing  Euboea  from  the  mainland  of  Greece. 
It  is  113  miles  long,  but  at  its  narrowest  point  is  only  200 
feet  wide  and  is  crossed  by  a  bridge.  Its  remarkable  tidal 
currents  have  been  noticed  from  early  times. 

Europa,  yu-ro'pA,  or  Bassas  (or  Uaxos,  bi'shOs) 
da  India,  bis'sis  di  een'de-i,  an  island  in  the  Mozam- 
bique Channel,  3  or  4  miles  in  diameter.  Lat.  22°  30'  S.  j 
Ion.  40°  24'  E. 

Europe,  yu'riip  (Gr.  Eipiim?,  Europe;  Fr.  L' Europe, 
lubVop' ;  L.  Euro'pa),  one  of  the  principal  divisions  of  the 
earth,  forming  the  N.W.  portion  of  the  Old  AV^orld.  It  is 
called  a  continent,  but  might  perhaps  be  more  justly  en- 
titled a  great  peninsula.  It  is  the  least  of  the  princip.al 
divisions  of  the  earth,  Australia  excepted,  and  yields  to  the 
others  not  only  in  general  grandeur  of  scale,  but  also  in  the 
size  of  its  rivers,  variety  of  vegetation,  and  mineral  treas- 
ures. Yet  it  is  remarkable  for  its  superiority  in  arms  and 
industry,  and  as  the  quarter  wherein  civilization  has  at- 
tained its  most  perfect  development. 

Europe  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Atlantic,  and  on  the 
N.  by  the  Arctic  Ocean  or  North  Pol.ar  Sea.  On  the  S.  it  is 
separated  from  Africa  by  the  Mediterranean  Se.a,  which  is 
connected  with  the  Sea  of  Marmora  or  Propontis  by  the  strait 
called  the  Dardanelles  or  Hellespont ;  and  the  Sea  of  Mar- 
mora is  joined  on  the  E.N.E.  to  the  Black  Sea  or  Eu.xine 
by  the  strait  known  as  the  Bosporus.  The  Dardanelles 
and  Bosporus,  with  the  intervening  sea,  divide  Europe 
from  the  adjacent  shores  of  Asia  Minor.  N.E.  of  the  Black 
Sea  is  its  shallow  continuation,  the  Sea  of  Azof  (anc.  I'a'lua 
Moco'tii),  which  closes  the  series  of  inland  waters  encom- 
passing the  shores  of  Europe  on  the  S.  and  S.E.  From  the 
Black  Sea,  the  line  which  separates  Europe  from  Asia,  or, 
in  general  terms,  the  E.  boundary  of  Europe,  is  somewhat 
arbitrary;  but  latterly  geographers  generally  regard  the 
watershed  of  the  Caucasus  as  the  dividing-line  as  far  as  the 
Caspian  Sea,  while  northward  from  the  Caspian  the  line  fol- 
lows the  crest  of  the  Ural  Mountains  to  the  Arctic  Ocean. 

The  northernmost  point  of  Europe,  on  the  mainland,  is 
Cape  Nordkyn,  in  Lapland,  lat.  71°  6'  N.  North  Cape,  on 
the  island  of  Mageroe,  lies  about  4  miles  farther  N.  The 
most  southern  points  of  the  continent  are  Punta  de  Tarifa, 
lat.  36°,  in  the  Strait  of  Gibraltar,  and  Cape  Matapan,  lat. 
36°  17',  which  terminates  the  Morca.  The  island  of  Crete 
reaches  a  little  S.  of  35°.  On  the  W.,  Cape  Finisterre 
(Spain)  is  in  Ion.  9°  27'  W.,  and  Cape  Roca  (Portugal)  in 
Ion.  9°  28'  W.;  while  Yekaterinboorg,  in  the  Urali.an  Moun- 
tains, lies  in  Ion.  60°  36'  E.  Thus  Europe  may  be  said  to  ex- 
tend, in  round  numbers,  through  35  degrees  of  latitude  and 


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TO  of  longitude.  Prom  C*pe  Matapan  to  North  Cnpe  ia  a 
direct  distanoo  of  2400  mites ;  from  Cape  St.  Vincent  to 
Yekatorinboorg,  N.B.  by  E.,  3400  miles.  The  coMt-rogions 
of  Europe  aro  made  un  of  the  following  parts,  eaoh  in  some 
UoMure  nnturally  independent  of  the  rest, — namely,  the 
BoandinAviiin  Pcninmila,  Jutland  and  the  Danish  Islands, 
the  Uritish  Islands,  the  Iberian  Peninsuliv,  or  Spain  and 
Portu;;.il,  the  peninsula  of  Italy,  and  that  of  Orcoco.  Ice- 
land also,  though  not  physically  connected  with  Europe, 
hu  been  oommonly  reokonod  as  part  of  it,  because  it  was 
known  to  Kuropoans  and  colonized  by  them  long  before 
the  discovery  of  America,  to  which  it  more  properly  be- 
longs. Owing  to  this  inoompiictness  of  figure  and  separa- 
tiun  into  peninsulas,  the  area  of  the  European  continent, 
notwithstanding  its  oonsiderablo  length  and  breadth,  docs 
not  exceed  3,i>U0,000  square  miles.  Towards  the  E.  it  bo- 
oomes  more  compact,  or,  in  other  words,  it  loses  in  Russia 
Its  ohamctcristiu  peninsular  features,  and  takes  a  tran- 
sitional form  before  it  commingles  with  Asia.  But  °\V.  of 
Cracow  and  the  Russian  territory  there  is  hardly  a  spot  in 
the  European  continent  which  is  300  miles  distant  from 
the  sea.  This  broken  coast-lino  has  unquestionably  been 
one  of  the  prime  causes  of  the  commercial  supremacy  of 
Europe.  The  main  body  of  land  in  Europe,  viewed  on  the 
mop,  hivs  nearly  the  form  of  a  right-angled  triangle. 

The  Atlantic  Ocean  takes  different  names  in  the  various 
portions  of  it  which  wash  the  "SV.  shores  of  Europe.  Thus, 
between  the  N.  coast  of  Spain  and  the  W.  coast  of  France 
lies  the  Bay  of  Biscay,  a  perpetually  troubled  sea.  Farther 
N.,  between  the  coasts  of  France  and  those  of  the  British 
Islands,  St.  George's  Channel  is  still  more  noted  for  tem- 
pestuous weather.  From  this  channel  a  branch  running  N., 
between  Qreat  Britain  and  Ireland  is  named  the  Irish  Sea. 
Here,  in  lat.  52°  30'  N.,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Ireland,  the 
streams  of  opposite  tides  from  N.  to  S.  are  so  exactly  coun- 
terbalanced that  the  sea  remains  always  at  its  mean  level ; 
while  in  the  British  Channel,  not  far  off,  the  tides  often  rise 
24  feet,  and  at  St.  Malo,  on  the  coast  of  Normandy,  40  or 
even  50  feet.  The  sea  between  Great  Britain  and  the  Low 
Countries  is  named  the  German  Ocean  or  North  Sea.  From 
this  a  great  gulf  or  inland  sea  branches  off  to  the  S.,  N., 
and  E.,  taking  successively  the  names  of  Skagor  Rack, 
Cattegat,  and  the  Baltic  Sea.  In  lat.  59°  N.,  the  Gulf  of 
Finland  branches  off  to  the  E.  from  the  Baltic  for  a  length 
of  250  miles.  From  the  same  latitude  extends  N.  the 
Gulf  of  Bothnia,  nearly  500  miles.  There  is  no  appre- 
ciable tide  in  the  Baltic,  and  its  waters  are  much  less  salt 
than  those  of  the  ocean.  N.E.  of  the  Gulf  of  Finland,  a 
depressed  tract  of  country,  with  numerous  lakes,  separates 
that  gulf  from  the  White  Sea,  which  is  a  deep  inlet  of  the 
Arctic  Ocean,  extending  from  N.B.  to  S.W.  between  the 
shores  of  Lapland,  Finland,  and  Russia,  nearly  400  miles. 
The  Strait  of  Gibraltar,  in  one  place  only  19  miles  wide, 
forms  the  communication  between  the  Atlantic  Ocean  and 
the  Mediterranean  Sea,  which  latter  has  an  extension  from 
W.  to  E.  of  2500  miles,  with  a  general  bre.adth  of  perhaps 
600  miles ;  the  distance  from  the  African  to  the  European 
continent  in  some  places  exceeds  1000  miles.  Its  chief 
gulfs  are  the  Gulf  of  Venice  or  Adriatic  Sea,  between  Italy 
and  Illyri.'t,  above  500  miles  in  length,  and  the  Archipelago, 
■which  lies  between  the  Grecian  Peninsula  and  Asia  Minor. 
The  Mediterranean,  lying  generally  under  a  warm  zone 
(lat.  from  30°  to  45°  N.),  and  having  only  a  narrow  belt  be- 
tween it  and  the  Great  Desert  of  Africa,  is  much  exhausted 
by  evaporation,  and  a  constant  current  sets  into  it  from  the 
Atlantic  on  the  one  side,  as  well  as  from  the  Black  Sea  on 
the  other.  Hence  its  waters  rather  exceed  in  saltness  those 
of  the  ocean.  Owing  to  the  magnitude  of  the  Mediterranean 
Sea,  the  phenomena  of  tides  are  perceptible  at  some  places; 
but  in  the  Black  Sea  there  is  no  tide. 

Between  the  Ural  Mountains  and  the  Carpathian  stretches 
the  great  plain  which  (with  its  westward  extension  through 
Poland,  North  Germany,  the  Low  Countries,  and  the  N.  of 
France)  has  been  called  by  geographers  Low  Europe,  in- 
cluding over  three-fifths  of  the  whole  area.  The  remaining 
parts,  after  excluding  many  islands  and  peninsulas,  con- 
stitute the  plateau  of  High  Europe,  a  region  of  elevated 
plains,  with  many  mountain-lines  of  broken  and  varied 
direction,  but  mostly  of  no  great  height. 

The  mountains  of  Europe  form  several  distinct  groups  or 
systems,  of  very  different  geological  dates,  and  capable  of 
being  considered,  as  a  whole,  only  from  that  point  of  view 
which  discloses  their  combined  influence  on  the  climate, 
physical  character,  and  capabilities  of  the  continent  around 
them.  The  Scandinavian  Mountains,  to  which  the  great 
northern  peninsula  owes  its  form  and  in  some  respects  its 
peeuliar  climate,  extend  through  13  degrees  of  latitude 


(68°-7l°),  or  above  900  miles,  from  the  Polar  Sea  to  the  8. 
point  of  Norway.  They  bear  many  names  in  suoccfsion : 
first,  descending  from  the  N.,  we  have  the  Lapland  Moun- 
tains; then,  on  the  borders  of  Sweden,  the  Kiolcn  ;  then 
the  Dovrofleld ;  after  which  come  the  Sognaflcld  and  llardan- 
gerfield.  The  highest  summits  of  the  chain  are  Skagtiils- 
Tind,  in  Sognaflcld  (lat.  61°  24'  N.),  8;iU0  feet,  and  isnce- 
hJitton,  in  the  Dovrofleld  (lat.  02°  20'  N.),  8115  feet.  The 
highest  part  of  the  chain  is  from  the  middle,  southwards. 
They  nowhere  form  a  narrow  crest  at  their  summits,  but, 
on  the  contrary,  expand  into  plains,  fells,  or  fields  (fjeldi), 
often  30  or  40  miles  wide.  Towards  the  E.  the  mountain- 
mass  declines  gradually;  while  on  the  W.  it  falls  abru]>tly 
to  the  sea,  which  forms  numerous  deep  inlets,  or  fiords, 
along  the  coast  of  Norway.  In  the  Britisn  Islands,  also,  the 
mountains  rise  chiefly  on  the  W. ;  and,  indeed,  the  older 
rocks  in  both  oases  seem  to  lie  in  parallel  courses,  as  if 
they  formed  parts  of  one  system.  But  the  mountains  of 
the  British  group  are  neither  so  simple  and  uniform  in 
their  geological  characters,  nor  so  elevated,  as  those  of  Nor- 
way. In  Scandinavia  there  aro  no  traces  of  volcanic  rocks; 
but  on  the  W.  side  of  Scotland  and  the  N.  shores  of  Ireland 
basalts  and  trap  rocks  are  widely  spreivd. 

The  mountains  of  France  occupy  chiefly  the  S.  and  E. 
departments ;  the  N.  and  VV.  portions  of  the  country  be- 
long to  the  great  plain  of  Northern  Europe.  The  moun- 
tains of  Auvorgne  extend  about  80  miles  from  N.  to  S., 
separating  the  basins  of  the  Loire  and  Garonne.  They 
form  a  table-land  3500  feet  high,  from  which  again  rise 
some  conical  peaks,  the  Pic  de  Sancy,  or  Mont  d'Or,  at- 
taining the  height  of  6188  feet;  Cantal,  6093  feet.  E.  unl 
S.  of  this  volcanic  mass  extend  the  C6vennes  for  about  ISO 
miles,  the  N.  portion  running  N.  and  S.  with  the  Rhone, 
while  the  S.  portion,  bending  to  the  S.W.,  approaches  the 
Pyrenees,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  depression 
through  which  passes  the  Canal  of  Languedoo,  uniting  the 
Mediterranean  with  the  Atlantic.  The  Cdvennes  form  the 
demarcation  of  the  waters  flowing  into  those  two  seas. 
Their  general  elevation  is  about  3000  feet ;  but  a  few  points 
rise  2000  feet  higher.  The  Jura  Mountains,  extending 
about  200  miles  N.E.  and  S.W.,  form  a  barrier  between 
Franco  and  Switzerland.  Their  average  height  is  3700 
feet;  but  the  most  e'evated  point,  the  Molesson,  reaches 
6588  feet.  On  the  AV.  of  the  Rhine,  between  it  and  the 
Moselle,  rise  the  Vosges,  which  form  a  chain  120  miles  in 
length  from  N.  to  S.,  with  a  mean  height  not  exceeding 
2650  feet.  The  dome-like  summits  of  this  chain  have  re- 
ceived the  name  of  Ballons;  and  the  highest  of  them,  the 
Ballon  de  Gebweiler,  attains  an  elevation  of  4690  feet. 

On  the  S.,  France  is  divided  from  Spain  by  the  Pyrenees, 
a  narrow  chain,  250  miles  long,  and  hardly  50  miles  in 
breadth,  extending  in  an  E.S.E.  and  W.N.W.  direction,  from 
the  shores  of  the  Mediterranean  Sea  to  those  of  the  ocean  ; 
though  some  consider  the  mountains  of  Asturias  and  Ga- 
licia,  which  stretch  above  300  miles  W„  as  a  continuation 
of  the  Pyrenees.  The  central  lino  or  axis  of  this  chain  is 
composed  of  granite,  overlaid  with  limestone.  The  highest 
point.  La  Maladetta,  or  Mont  Maudit,  called  also  Pic  de 
Nethou,  has  an  elevation  of  11,168  feet.  Several  other 
points  exceed  10,000  feet ;  and  as  the  limits  of  perpetual 
congelation  are  found  here  at  the  heights  of  8300  feet  and 
9100  feet,  on  the  N.  and  S.  faces  of  the  mountain  respect- 
ively, a  large  area  in  the  Pyrenees  is  covered  with  perjietual 
snow.  They  are  separ.ated  on  the  S.  by  the  valley  of  the 
Ebro  from  the  elevated  plain  of  the  Spanish  Peninsula, 
This  great  plain,  or  table-land,  the  elevation  of  which 
varies  from  2200  feet  to  2800  feet,  has  a  superficial  extent 
of  not  less  than  90,000  square  miles.  It  descends  gradually 
on  the  AV.  towards  Portugal ;  but  on  the  E.,  towards  the 
provinces  of  Catalonia  and  Valencia,  it  presents  an  abrupt 
steep  or  line  of  cliffs.  This  table-land  is  bounded  N.  and 
S.  by  chains  of  mountains  running  E.  and  W.,  and  between 
which  again  lie  three  other  chains,  inclining  from  N.E. 
to  S.W.  The  first  or  northernmost  of  these  reaches  in  its 
highest  point  an  elevation  of  about  8500  feet.  The  second 
mountain-chain  of  the  Iberian  table-land  is  the  Guadarrama, 
which  separates  the  valleys  of  the  Douro  and  the  Tagus, 
Towards  its  W.  extremity  it  is  better  known  as  the  Serra 
da  Estrella.  The  highest  point  of  these  mountains,  which 
are  visible  from  Madrid,  is  the  Penalara,  8200  feet  high. 
Between  the  Tagus  and  the  Guadiana  comes  the  Sierra  Gua- 
dalupe, the  fourth  chain ;  and  between  the  valleys  of  the 
Guadiana  and  Guadalquivir  the  Sierra  Morena,  both  lower 
than  the  preceding,  the  highest  ridge  of  the  former  not 
exceeding  5100  feet;  while  the  Cumbre  de  Araccna,  the 
culminating  point  of  the  latter,  rises  5380  feet  above  the 
sea.    The  fifth  chain  of  mountains,  that  of  Granada,  called 


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»l«o,  in  its  highest  part,  the  Sierra  Nevada,  which  bounds 
the  table-land  on  the  S.,  rises  in  a  few  points  higher  even 
than  the  Pyrenees  ;  and  the  Mulahacen  attains  an  elevation 
of  11,653  feet.  Between  the  Sierra  Nevada  and  the  sea  on 
the  S.  extend  the  Alpujarras,  rising  to  a  height  of  9000  feet. 

The  Alps,  the  highest  mountains  in  Europe,  except  the 
Caucasus  (which  see),  extend  uninterruptedly  from  the 
mouth  of  the  Rhone  to  the  plains  of  llungary,  through  4 
degrees  of  latitude  (44°-48°  N.)  and  about  12  degrees  of 
longitude  (5°-16°  30'  E.).  On  the  S.  they  are  bounded  by 
the  valley  of  the  Po,  on  the  W.  by  that  of  the  Rhone, 
and  on  the  N.  by  the  valley  of  the  Danube  and  some  of  the 
affluents  of  the  Rhine ;  on  the  E.  they  meet  the  lUyrian 
chain.    See  Alps. 

The  Apennines  may  be  conveniently,  though,  from  the 
geological  point  of  view,  not  perhaps  correctly,  considered 
as  a  branch  of  the  Alps.  After  a  winding  course  round  the 
Gulf  of  Genoa,  they  turn  to  the  S.E.,  and  constitute  the 
central  ridge  of  the  Italian  Peninsula.  This  chain  has  a 
length  of  600  miles,  with  a  breadth  varying  from  20  miles 
to  60  miles.  The  highest  point  of  the  Apennines  is  the 
Monte  Corno,  in  lat.  42°  27'  N.,  9519  feet  high.-  The  loftiest 
ridges  of  the  chain  are  on  its  E,  side,  towards  the  Adriatic 
Sea.  The  Eugancan  Hills,  near  Padua,  the  Albanian,  near 
Borne,  and  Vesuvius,  at  Naples,  are  all  of  volcanic  origin 
and  quite  distinct  from  the  Apennines.  To  the  latter, 
however,  belong  the  mountain-groups  which,  often  attain- 
ing the  height  of  6000  feet,  form  the  island  of  Sicily  ;  but 
here  again  the  volcanic  Etna,  10,874  feet  high,  may  perhaps 
be  regarded  as  a  part  of  the  Apennino  system. 

The  Dinaric  or  Illyrian  Alps  branch  off  from  the  high 
Alps  at  the  head  of  the  Adriatic  Sea,  in  a  direction  parallel 
to  that  of  the  Apennines.  They  rise  nowhere  higher  than 
6000  feet ;  but,  overhanging  the  sea,  and  occasionally  cov- 
ered with  fine  forests,  they  have  a  grand  appearance.  After 
continuing  in  the  same  direction  for  about  200  miles,  this 
chain  approaches  but  does  not  join  the  Ballian  (the //«'mu« 
of  the  ancients),  which  extends  to  the  Black  Sea.  As  the 
Pyrenees  and  Alps  cut  off  the  two  W.  peninsulas,  so  the 
chains  of  the  Illyrian  Alps  and  the  Balkan  separate  thfit 
of  Greece  from  tho  rest  of  Europe.  S.  of  these,  and  par- 
allel to  the  Balkan,  runs  the  Dcspoto  Dagh  (the  Ithod'ope 
of  the  ancients),  tho  E.  portion  of  which  attains  the  height 
of  8240  feet.  Still  farther  S.,  Pindus  strikes  to  the  S.E., 
and  forms  the  central  ridge  of  the  Grecian  Peninsula;  its 
highest  point,  Liakhura,  exceeds  8000  feet,  and  Mount  St, 
Elias  (anc.  Tayijelus),  in  tho  Morea,  rises  7829  feet. 

North  of  the  Alps,  and  extending  E.,  in  Germany,  there 
rise  several  groups  and  chains  of  mountains  which  collect- 
ively separate  tho  basin  of  the  Danube  on  tho  N.  from  tho 
basins  of  the  rivers  that  flow  into  the  North  and  Baltic  Seas. 
At  the  sources  of  the  Weser  are  tho  Ilarz,  and  S.  of  this 
group  tho  Thiiringerwald.  Farther  to  the  E.  the  Carpathian 
or  Krapatski  chain  encloses  the  great  plain  of  Hungary, 
attaining  in  several  places  an  elevation  of  8000  or  8500  feet. 
The  Ural  Mountains,  which  servo  as  a  boundary  between 
Europe  and  Asia,  extend  nearly  in  the  meridian,  or  from 
N.  to  S.,  through  18°  of  latitude  (49°-67°  N.),  but  N.  of 
60°  they  are  not  habitable  by  civilized  man.  The  highest 
known  summit  of  the  Ural — the  Konjakofskoi-Kamen,  in 
lat.  60° — reaches  an  absolute  elevation  of  5.397  feet;  but, 
generally  speaking,  the  chain  is  low,  and  presents  to  the 
eye  only  a  series  of  rounded  hills. 

The  great  plain  of  Northern  Europe  commences  at  the  N. 
foot  of  the  Pyrenees,  comprehends  Western  France,  West- 
ern and  Northern  Belgium,  tho  Netherlands,  and  Den- 
mark, thenee  all  the  N.  provinces  of  Germany  into  Russia, 
where  it  expands,  and  terminates  in  the  E.  only  at  the  Ural. 
A  large  portion  of  this  plain,  beginning  at  tho  Scheldt  and 
extending  through  the  N.  provinces  of  Prussia,  is  a  low 
sandy  level,  sometimes  covered  with  heath  and  brushwood, 
sometimes  resembling  a  sandy  desert,  not  unfrequently  be- 
low the  level  of  the  sea  or  rivers,  and  protected  from  inun- 
dation only  by  means  of  strong  dikes.  Nearly  all  European 
Russia  is  a  plain,  diversified  only  by  moderate  undulations ; 
and  that  plain  is  in  superficial  extent  equal  to  all  the  rest 
of  Europe.  Owing  to  its  vast  extent,  it  can  attain  a  consid- 
erable elevation  by  an  ascent  quite  imperceptible ;  and  the 
ridge  of  Valdai,  which  separates  the  basins  of  the  Volga 
and  Dnieper,  flowing  into  the  Caspian  and  Black  Seas,  from 
that  of  the  Dwina,  which  runs  into  the  Baltic,  has  an  abso- 
lute height  of  nearly  1200  feet.  Besides  this  great  plain  or 
series  of  plains  there  are  two  others,  the  plain  of  Bohemia 
and  the  plain  of  Hungary ;  the  latter  with  an  area  of  40,000 
square  miles,  a  great  part  of  which  is  perfectly  level. 

It  seems  to  be  admitted  on  all  hands  that  the  first  rank 

among  European  mountains  with  respect  to  age  belongs  to 

73 


the  Scandinavian  range.  It  consists  almost  wholly  of  eozoio 
rocks,  and  on  the  flanks  very  old  deposited  strata  (Cam- 
brian, Silurian,  Devonian)  lie  horizontal  and  undisturbed, 
their  formation  having  taken  place  subsequent  to  the  up- 
heaval of  the  mountains.  In  the  W.  of  England  and  on 
tho  W.  side  of  the  Ural  analogous  strata  are  found  distorted 
or  raised  vertically,  showing  that  the  mountains  on  which 
they  lean  have  risen  since  their  deposition,  but  at  the  same 
time  proving  the  antiquity  of  the  framework  of  Northern 
Europe  from  its  W.  to  its  E.  extremity.  A  great  change  in 
the  physical  aspect  of  Western  Europe  seems  to  have  been 
produced  by  the  raising  of  the  Pyrenees,  which  chain,  being 
comparatively  recent,  lifted  with  it  recent  strata,  such  aa 
chalk  and  the  earlier  tertiary  formations ;  and  as  tho  chalk, 
the  formation  of  which  was  arrested  by  the  convulsion  which 
raised  the  Pyrenees,  occupies  but  a  small  portion  of  Europe, 
it  is  supposed  that  the  effects  of  that  convulsion  were  very 
widely  felt,  and  that  in  fact  the  emergence  of  a  large  pro- 
portion of  the  continent  from  the  waters  which  covered  it 
took  place  then.  Another  revolution  was  effected  by  the 
upheaval  of  the  Western  Alps ;  and  another  by  that  of  tho 
High  Alps  :  so  that  these,  the  greatest  mountains  of  Europe, 
are  also  unquestionably  the  youngest,  with  the  exception  of 
one  inconsiderable  chain  in  Greece,  the  upheaval  of  which 
may  be  assigned  to  a  volcanic  action  still  partially  surviving. 
It  is  remarkable  that  the  European  land  which  first  roso 
above  tho  ocean  is  that  which  still  continues  most  constantly 
to  rise ;  for  it  is  fully  ascertained  that  tho  waters  of  the 
Baltic  are  retiring  from  the  shores  of  Sweden.  During  the 
formation  of  the  tertiary  strata  nearly  three-fourths  of 
Europe — most  of  Russia,  the  basin  of  the  Danube,  Northern 
Germany,  the  Netherlands,  part  of  France,  the  E.  shores  of 
Sweden,  of  England,  of  Italy,  <fec. — were  under  water.  It 
is  near  the  contact  of  the  older  sedimentary  rocks  with 
those  of  eruptive  or  volcanic  origin  that  the  great  metallio 
deposits  are  found.  These  lie  chiefly  in  England,  Sweden, 
the  Ural,  and  in  a  line  from  the  Harz  through  tlie  Erz-Gebirge 
to  the  Carpathians. 

The  chains  of  mountains  which  divide  the  waters  running 
into  the  Mediterranean  from  those  flowing  into  the  Atlantio 
Ocean,  the  North  Sea,  and  the  Baltic,  form  collectively  a 
ridge  extending  W.S.W.  and  E.N.E.,  parallel  to  the  High 
Alps;  and  the  streams  flowing  from  its  N.  side,  or  through 
the  plain,  all  incline  more  or  less  to  the  W.,  and,  owing  to 
the  breadth  of  the  plain,  which  they  traverse  with  a  moder- 
ate fall,  are  all  navigable  to  a  considerable  extent.  The 
Ebro,  at  the  S.  foot  of  tho  Pyrenees,  holds  a  course  par- 
allel to  these  mountains,  but  tho  other  large  rivers  of  the 
Spanish  Peninsula  run,  like  tho  mountain-chains  which 
confine  their  basins,  in  a  direction  parallel  to  the  High  Alps. 
From  these  last-named  mountains  descend  some  of  the  largest 
of  the  European  rivers, — the  Danube,  the  Rhine,  the  Rhone, 
and  the  Po.  The  greatest  of  these,  the  Danube,  has  a  length 
of  2000  miles,  or  about  three-fourths  of  tho  length  of  tho 
Nile.  It  is  remarkable  that  the  Volga,  which  among  Eu- 
ropean rivers  holds  the  first  rank  for  length,  having  a  course 
of  nearly  1700  miles,  derives  but  a  small  proportion  of  its 
waters  from  the  heights  of  the  Ural :  its  chief  sources  are 
little  more  than  1000  feet  above  the  sea.  This  river  drains 
an  immense  extent  of  country  with  so  moderate  a  fall  that 
its  channel  is  always  full.  The  lakes  of  Europe  accompany 
the  chief  mountain-systems,  and  may  bo  divided  into  two 
groups, — the  Alpine  and  the  Scandinavian.  A  chain  of  lakes 
extends  along  the  N.  side  of  the  Alps  through  Switzerland 
and  the  Tyrol,  and  along  tho  S.  side  through  Lombardy  and 
Styria.  The  Scandinavian  lakes  extend  across  Sweden  from 
W.  to  E.,  beginning  at  the  S.  termination  of  the  mountains ; 
and  on  the  E.side  of  the  Baltic  a  number  of  lakes  stretching 
in  the  same  direction  across  Finland  mark  the  continuation 
of  the  line  of  depression. 

Climate. — Europe  enjoys  the  great  advantage  of  lying 
almost  wholly  within  the  temperate  zone.  A  small  portion 
of  it  only,  comprising  Lapland  and  the  N.  coast  of  Russia, 
extends  beyond  the  Arctic  circle.  On  the  other  hand,  the 
most  southern  point  of  Europe  does  not  reach  within  12°  of 
the  tropic,  or  even  attain  a  zone  where  snow  is  a  rare  phe- 
nomenon. Another  remarkable  advantage  is  the  great  ex- 
tent of  its  maritime  boundaries.  The  frequent  mixture  of 
sea  and  land  tends  to  diffuse  over  the  latter  the  equable  tem- 
perature of  the  ocean.  It  is  well  known  that  W.  coasts  are 
in  general  more  warm  and  humid  than  those  that  face  the 
E.  This  difference  of  climate  is  easily  explained  by  the 
difference  between  the  ruling  winds.  The  S.W.  wind  on 
the  coast  of  Europe  is  in  reality  the  equatorial  current  of 
the  atmosphere,  which,  flowing  at  first  due  N.  towards  the 
pole,  continually  inclines  more  and  more  towards  the  E., 
because  the  velocity  of  the  earth's  movement  of  rotation  u 


BUR 


1146 


EUR 


graatest  at  the  equator  and  diminishea  towards  th«  poles; 
and  consequently  that  motion  from  W.  to  E.,  which  is  latent 
Ib  the  equatorial  current  at  its  first  starting  N.,  becomes 
apparent  as  the  ciroles  of  latitude  diminish,  and  the  wind 
from  the  intertropical  regions,  describing  a  curve,  reaches 
the  European  shores  as  a  S.W.  wind.  This  is  the  predomi- 
nating wind  of  Western  Kuropo.  In  Ireland  the  S.W.  wind, 
warm  and  huuiiJ,  prevails  during  nine  months  of  the  year; 
on  the  continent  its  duration,  strength,  and  temperature 
decline  uniformly  towartls  the  E.  At  St  Petersburg  it  is 
•till  the  prevalent  wind,  but  farther  E.  It  gives  way  to 
the  cold  and  dry  N.K.  wind.  The  heat  and  moisture  of  the 
equatorial  sone  are  continually  flowing  into  the  atmosphere 
of  Europe;  but  the  effect  of  this  is  greatly  heightened  by 
an  oceanic  current,  which,  under  the  name  of  the  Gulf 
Stream,  runs  at  a  little  distance  from  the  coasts  of  the  United 
States,  and,  passing  S.  of  Newfoundland,  falls  with  a  rela- 
tively high  temperature  chiefly  on  the  shores  of  Ireland, 
Scotland,  ond  Norway.  The  great  projection  of  the  conti- 
nent W.  of  the  Obi,  and  the  position  of  Nova  Zombla, 
stretching  forward  to  lat.  77°,  screen  Europe  effectually  from 
the  ice  formed  on  the  N.  shores  of  Siberia.  This  ice  when 
it  breaks  up  drifts  to  Greenland,  the  E.  coasts  of  which  are 
never  open,  while  the  W.  shores  of  Norway,  in  the  same 
latitude,  are  never  closed.  Many  circumstances,  therefore, 
concur  to  favor  Europe  with  a  genial  climate,  in  which  the 
vicissitudes  of  season  are  felt  without  their  rigor. 

In  Northern  Europe  especially  the  severity  of  winter  is 
mitigated  by  the  vicinity  of  the  ocean.  North  Cape  has  a 
milder  winter  and  Trondhjem  a  better  climate  altogether 
than  Kazan,  which  is  situated  in  a  much  lower  latitude.  It 
is  also  to  be  observed  that  if  the  same  mean  temperature  be 
traced  E.,  the  difference  of  temperature  of  the  seasons  will 
be  found  constantly  increasing,  the  summer  growing  hotter, 
the  winter  colder.  Hence  it  is  that  some  plants,  the  vine 
for  instance,  which  suffer  little  from  the  cold  of  winter,  but 
the  successful  cultivation  of  which  depends  chiefly  on  the 
summer  heat,  have  a  wider  range  towards  the  E.,  or,  in 
other  words,  they  flourish  within  limits  which  run  to  the  N. 
of  E.  and  thus  make  an  angle  with  the  line  of  constant 
mean  temperature.  The  same  advantages  of  mild  and  ge- 
nial temperature  which  Western  has  over  Eastern  Europe, 
the  continent  collectively  has  over  the  rest  of  the  earth. 
The  diminution  of  mean  temperature,  as  well  as  the  inten- 
sity of  the  opposite  seasons,  increases  as  we  go  E.  across  the 
Old  World.  Peking,  in  lat.  40°,  has  as  severe  a  winter  as 
St.  Petersburg. 

As  a  large  proportion  of  the  rain  which  falls  on  Europe 
is  borne  to  it  by  the  S.W.  wind,  the  quantity  of  rain  dimin- 
ishes towards  the  E.,  but  not  with  regularity.  The  heaviest 
rains  fall,  as  might  be  expected,  round  the  Alps,  particularly 
on  their  S.  side,  and  at  the  W.  side  of  the  Scandinavian 
range.  The  peninsulas  of  Southern  Europe — namely,  Spain, 
Italy,  and  Greece — all  feel  the  effects  of  their  exposure  to 
the  heated  S.  winds  which  come  to  them  from  the  great 
African  Desert,  and  they  have  little  rain  in  summer.  The 
Pyrenees,  the  C6vennes,  the  Alps,  and  the  Carpathians  form 
a  limit  of  climate  between  the  dry  region  on  the  S.,  visited 
only  by  winter  rains,  and  the  humid  region  on  which  rain 
falls  at  all  times  of  the  year,  but  chiefly  in  summer. 

The  snow  which  covers  the  ground  in  Russia  during  five 
months,  from  October  to  April,  amounts,  when  measured  as 
rain,  by  inches,  to  only  a  very  small  quantity.  The  line  of 
perjietual  snow  is  found  at  North  Cape  at  the  height  of  2300 
feet  above  the  sea ;  in  Southern  Norway,  at  the  height  of 
6500  feet.  In  the  Alps,  the  general  height  of  this  line  may 
be  taken  at  9000  feet;  but  on  the  N.  side  and  E.  end  of  the 
chain  it  descends  to  8500  feet,  while  on  the  S.  face  of  Mount 
Rosa  it  rises  to  10,000  feet.  On  the  Pyrenees,  the  snow-line 
occurs,  on  the  N.  and  S.  sides  respectively,  at  the  heights  of 
8300  and  9100  feet.  Thus  it  appears  that  the  line  of  per- 
petual conge'lation  falls  lower  on  the  Pyrenees  than  on  the 
Alps,  though  the  latter  mountains  lie  3°  farther  north  than 
the  former ;  but  this  is  the  inevitable  consequence  of  the 
vicinity  of  the  ocean,  which  diminishes  the  intensity  of  the 
summer  heat. 

Zoology. — The  zoology  of  Europe  offers  little  for  remark. 
The  reindeer  and  polar  bear  are  peculiar  to  the  N.  In  the 
forests  of  Poland  and  Lithuania  the  urus  or  bonasus,  a 
species  of  wild  ox,  or  bison,  is  occasionally  met  with. 
Bears  and  wolves  still  inhabit  the  forests  and  mountains, 
but,  in  general,  cultivation  and  population  have  expelled 
wild  animals.  The  domesticated  animals  are  nearly  the 
same  throughout.  The  ass  and  mule  lose  their  size  and 
beauty  N.  of  the  Pyrenees  and  Alps.  A  few  camels  are 
bred  in  Italy,  in  which  country  also  buffaloes  are  used  for 
draught.    The  Mediterranean  Sea  has  many  species  of  fish, 


but  no  great  fishery ;  the  northern  seas,  on  the  other  hnnd, 
are  annually  filled  with  countless  shoals  of  a  few  sjiecios, 
chiefly  the  lierring,  mackerel,  cml,  and  salmon. 

Ke</e(<iti"on. — With  respect  to  the  vegetable  kingdom, 
Europe  may  be  conveniently  divided  into  four  zones.  The 
first,  or  northernmost,  is  that  of  fir  and  birch.  This  niny 
be  subdivided  int<.  the  zones  of  lichen,  birch,  and  fir.  Ths 
tundras,  or  mossy  plains  of  Scandinavia,  do  not  equal  in 
extent  those  of  Eastern  Russia.  The  heights  inacccsMibls 
to  other  vegetation,  up  to  the  borders  of  perpetual  snow,  are 
occupied  by  lichens,  the  most  valuable  of  which  are  ths 
reindeer  moss  and  the  Iceland  moss.  The  birch  re  velioi 
almost  to  North  Cape ;  the  fir  ceases  a  degree  farther  S.  The 
cultivation  of  grain  extends  farther  in  these  rude  latiiuilcs 
than  might  be  at  first  supposed.  Barley  ripens  even  under 
the  70th  parallel ;  wheat  ceases  at  64°  in  Norway,  62°  in 
Sweden.  In  the  country  of  the  Samoieds,  in  Eastern  Rus- 
sia, the  limit  of  barley  is  at  about  67°.  Within  this  zone, 
agriculture  has  little  importance,  the  inhabitants  being 
chiefly  occupied  with  the  care  of  reindeer  or  cattle,  and  in 
fishing.  The  next  zone,  which  may  bo  called  that  of  the 
oak  and  beech  and  of  cereal  produce,  extends  from  the  limit 
above  mentioned  to  the  48tn  parallel.  Next  we  find  the 
zone  of  the  chestnut  and  vine,  occupying  the  space  between 
the  48th  parallel  and  the  mountain-chains  of  Soutlieru 
Europe,  llero  the  oak  still  flourishes,  but  the  pine  8i)ecio« 
become  rare.  Rye,  which  characterizes  the  preceding  zone, 
on  the  continent  gives  way  to  wheat,  and,  in  the  S.,  to  maize 
also.  The  fourth  zone,  comprehending  the  southern  penin- 
sulas, is  that  of  the  olive  and  evergreen  woods.  The  orange 
flourishes  in  the  S.  portion,  and  rice  is  cultivated  in  a  few 
spots  in  Italy  and  Spain.  The  deciduous  oak  here  gives 
place  to  the  evergreen  and  cork  oaks,  with  edible  acorns. 
The  lines  which  define  the  region  favorable  to  the  growth 
of  each  plant  generally  incline  S.  towards  the  E. ;  but  it  is 
otherwise  with  the  vine,  olive,  and  a  few  other  i)lant8 
within  certain  limits.  The  cultivation  of  the  vine  be;;in8 
on  tISe  coast  of  France  in  lat.  48°,  passes  N.  of  Paris,  in 
lat.  49°,  and  goes  still  farther  N.  in  Germany,  and  is  car- 
ried on  with  success  on  the  Volga,  in  lat.  50°. 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  name,  area,  and  popula- 
tion of  each  state  in  Europe,  according  to  recent  returns : 


State. 


Andorra 

Austrla-Hunganr 

Aastria,  area,  115.9OT;  pop.  23,S95,ilS 
Hungary,   "    125,039;    '•     17,»35,»29 

Belgium 

Bulgaria 

Denmark 

France 

German  Empire 

[For  divisions,  see  Gx&mamy,] 

Great  Britain  and  dependencies... 
England,  area,  50,82.1 ;  pop.  27,482,104 
Walea,  "  7,363;  "  1.&18,»U 
Scotland,  "  S0,417;  "  4,033.103 
Ireland,  "  82,583;  "  4,70<i,l62 
Island!,      "  295  J    "         147,870 

Greece 

Italy 

Monaco 

Montenegro 

Netherlands 

Portugal 

Koumania ^ 

Russia  (European) 

8an  Marino 

Servia 

S|>ain 

Sweden  and  Norwny 

Sweden,  area,  170.979;  pop.  4.784.675 
Norway,     '•      124,495;    ••     1,999,176 

Switzerland 

Turliey  (European) 


Area  in 
sq.  miles. 


175 
240,942 

11,373 

37,:^20 
14,780 
207,107 
208,056 

121,481 


25,142 

110,651 

8 

3,.'i06 

12,741 

34,470 

50,.'i87 

2,095,6(10 

32 

19,0.50 

197,670 

295,474 


1.5,976 
61,200 


Popula- 
tion. 


6,000 
41,345,118 

6,093,798 
3,154,375 
2,172.20.5 
38,343,192 
49,416,476 

37,888,153 


2,217,000 

30,158,408 

13,304 

236,000 

4,658,095 

4.306,554 

5,000,(KX) 

95,870,800 

8,000 

2,162,759 

17,.'»50,246 

6,78a,85l 

2,917,754 

4,780,000 


Pop.  per 
sq.  mile. 


34 
171 

536 
85 
147 
188 
237 


272 
1663 
67 
358 
125 
99 
45 
250 
114 


183 

78 


Ethnography  and  Language. — Europe  is  occupied  by  many 
different  races,  either  distinct  or  very  remotely  connected. 
Most  of  these  nations  belong  linguistically,  if  not  by  pure 
descent,  to  the  great  Indo-European  or  Aryan  stock,  of 
which  the  principal  European  branches  (as  commonly  rec- 
ognized) are  the  Celtic,  Teutonic,  Slavic,  and  Graeco- 
Latin;  but  in  the  N.  and  E.  of  Europe  are  numerous 
peoples  who  belong  to  the  North  Asiatic  or  Ugrian-Mon- 
golian  stem. 

The  CelU  once  possessed  the  W.  of  Europe,  from  the  Alps 
to  the  British  Islands.  The  only  remnant  of  the  Western 
Celtic  language,  at  the  present  day,  is  the  Gaelic,  or  Erse, 
spoken  in  some  districts  of  Irel.and,  the  Scotch  Highlands, 
the  Isle  of  Man,  and  the  Hebrides.  The  Cymric  Celts  are 
represented  by  the  Welsh  and  Bretons,  who  still  use  their 


EUR 


1147 


EVA 


nncient  speech.  In  Northeastern  Spain  and  Southwestern 
France  are  found  the  Basques.  Their  language,  the  Es- 
kuara,  has  no  discoverable  affinity  with  any  other;  and  the 
Basques  are  believed  to  be  the  only  European  race  (except 
the  Jews)  who  are  neither  of  the  Indo-European  nor  the 
Ugriiin-Mongolian  stock.  Next  to  the  Celtic  comes  the 
Teutonic  race,  to  which  belong  the  Germans,  Scandina- 
vians, Dutch,  Frisians,  Flemish,  and  English.  To  the  E., 
in  general,  of  the  Teutonic  race,  though  sometimes  mixed 
with  it,  come  the  Slavic  peoples,  to  whom  belong  the  Poles, 
Bohemians,  Servians,  Croatians,  Slovaks,  Sloventzi,  and 
Hussians.  The  Wends,  formerly  a  powerful  nation  on  the 
6.  shores  of  the  Baltic,  but  now  absorbed  in  the  German 
name,  were  of  this  race.  Among  the  Slavonians  the  great 
mass  of  the  people  were  serfs,  and  subject  to  harsh  treatment. 
Hence  their  national  name  (Slave),  which  means  "  free," 
has  become,  in  AVest  Europe  and  America,  the  designation 
of  one  deprived  of  liberty.  Slavic  literature  (except  the  old 
church  writings  and  the  vast  body  of  tnulitional  and  ballad 
literature)  is  of  modern  date.  In  the  S.  and  S.E.  of  Europe 
are  the  descendants  of  the  peoples  who  anciently  spoke 
Greek  and  Latin,  which  latter  absorbed  the  Etruscan  and 
other  languages  of  ancient  Italy.  Greek  was  the  language 
not  merely  of  the  Grecian  Peninsula,  but  of  all  the  islands 
and  Asiatic  shores  of  the  ^gean  Sea ;  it  was  this  language 
—rich,  vigorous,  and  singularly  perspicuous — that  first  gave 
expression  to  that  pure  taste  and  manly  conception  which 
now  form  the  distinction  of  Europe.  Modern  Greek  is 
spoken  within  a  limited  range,  and  differs  from  the  ancient 
tongue,  chiefly,  in  having  lost  many  grammatical  inflex- 
ions. The  Roumanians  and  Macedo-Wallachians  are  allied, 
at  least  in  language,  to  the  Latin  races,  among  whom  are 
classed  the  Italians,  Spaniards,  Portuguese,  and  even  the 
French.  The  Albanians,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Grecian 
Peninsula,  are  probably  sprung  from  the  Indo-European 
stem.  The  language  of  the  gypsies  has  copious  East-In- 
dian elements.  The  Lettish  tribes,  now  much  reduced,  are 
generally  regarded  as  remotely  allied  to  the  Slavic  races. 
The  Finnish  race  includes  the  Finns  proper,  to  whom  are 
allied  in  language,  if  not  in  descent,  the  Lapps ;  also  the 
Karelians,  Samoieds,  Esthonians,  Bashkeers,  and  countless 
other  tribes,  mostly  North-Asiatic.  The  Magyars  and 
Szcklers  employ  a  language  clearly  allied  to  the  above  and 
less  clearly  to  the  Turkish  and  the  Tartar  tongues  of 
Southern  Russia.  The  Semitic  race  is  represented  by  the 
Jews,  and  through  the  Arabic  conquest  has  left  its  impress 
in  the  Spanish  Peninsula.  The  Maltese  language  is  based 
upon  a  corrupt  form  of  Arabic.  The  nationalities  above 
enumerated,  with  others,  are  found  in  some  countries  very 
distinctly  separated,  as  in  Austro-Hungary,  But  in  many 
portions  of  Europe  the  people  are  of  mixed  race.  In  parts 
of  Germany  the  peasantry  are  Slavic  in  blood  but  German 
in  language;  and  in  large  tracts  of  Russia  the  people  are 
Finns  Russianized  in  language  and  religion. 

The  literary  cultivation  of  Europe,  considered  in  the 
aggregate,  and  apart  from  the  separate  national  literature 
of  which  it  is  composed,  took  its  inceptive  growth  from  an- 
cient Greece.  In  poetry,  history,  and  speculative  philoso- 
phy the  Greeks  excelled  in  their  time;  but  their  original 
and  peculiar  merit  was  that  of  laying  the  foundations  of 
exact  science  and  rearing  the  enduring  edifice  of  human 
knowledge.  It  was  fortunate  that  Christianity,  while 
spreading  W.,  raised  in  general  consideration  the  two  lan- 
guages which  contained  the  seeds  of  civilization.  When 
the  Arabs,  having  overrun  with  great  rapidity  the  N.  of 
Africa  and  part  of  Spain,  laid  aside  their  arms  and  turned 
to  cultivate  the  arts  of  peace,  they  created,  in  the  latter 
country  particularly,  a  literature  which  was  remarkable  for 
its  extreme  copiousness. 

The  history  of  modern  Europe  starts  from  Rome,  as  its 
literature  from  Greece.  In  the  early  years  of  the  Christian 
era  the  Romans  subdued  all  Western  and  Northern  Europe, 
as  far  as  the  Baltic.  The  Roman  power  was  fiivorable  to  civi- 
lization ;  it  increased  the  measure  of  general  liberty,  pro- 
moted intercoursein  various  ways,  especially  by  the  construc- 
tion of  good  roads  on  a  great  scale,  and  perfected  the  civil 
law.  As  the  Roman  Empire  declined,  the  Germanic  and 
Eastern  hordes  swept  over  Europe,  and  would  apparently 
have  overthrown  civilization  itself,  but  for  the  work  of  the 
Christian  church,  which  gave  to  the  barbaric  races  (who 
almost  everywhere  became  Christianized)  some  measure  of 
civilization  and  restraint.  With  these  people  rose  into 
vogue  the  feudal  system,  which  made  the  tenure  of  land 
depend  on  the  condition  of  military  service.  But  the  feudal 
eystem,  as  a  military  organization,  proved  a  failure;  it 
created  turbulent  vassals,  and  not  trained  soldiers,  and  after 
experiencing,  in  the  sixteenth  century,  the  great  superiority 


of  the  Ottoman  troops  in  the  field,  European  nations  adopted 
the  system  of  standing  armies.  This  change,  however,  was 
unfavorable  to  liberty,  to  morals,  and  to  public  economy ; 
and  the  gradual  discovery  of  the  immense  power  connected 
with  a  well-trained  standing  army  prompted  inordinate 
ambition.  Hence  the  wars  and  revolutions  of  the  last  and 
present  centuries.  The  extinction  of  ancient  European 
dynasties,  however,  will  hereafter  be  thought  a  matter  of 
little  importance,  compared  with  the  colonization  which  now 
proceeds  from  the  western  part  of  Europe  over  the  whole 
earth,  carrying  with  it  cultivated  languages,  ripe  literature, 
useful  arts,  enlightened  sentiments,  and  Christian  philan- 
thropy.  Adj.  and  inhab.  European,  yu-ro-pee'an. 

Euro'tas,  now  called  Vasilee-  (Vasiliko-,  vl-sil'- 
e-ko,  or  Basili-,  v&'se-lee)  Potamo,  va'se-leo-pot-l- 
mo',  a  river  of  Greece,  in  the  Morea,  and  the  principal 
stream  of  ancient  Laconia,  falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Kolo- 
kythia.     Length,  60  miles. 

Eurytania,  yu-re-ti-nee'S.  or  5v-rc-tl-nee'3,,  a  district 
or  eparchy  ttf  Greece,  nome  of  jEtolia  and  Acarnania  (the 
name  was  anciently  applied  to  the  northernmost  part  of 
^tolia).     Its  capitjil  is  Karpenisi.     Pop.  33,018. 
Ease,  a  town  of  France.    See  Eauze. 
Euskirchen,  ois'keenK^^n,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, 20  miles  S.W.  of  Cologne.     It  has  mines  of  iron,  lead, 
and  lignite,  and  woollen-  and  potash-factories.     Pop.  6489, 
Eustis,  yus'tis,  a  post-village  of  Lake  co.,  Fla.,  4  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Tavares.     It  has  6  churches,  a  bank,  a 
graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  500. 

Eustis,  a  post-township  of  Franklin  co..  Me.,  on  Dead 
River,  45  miles  N.W.  of  North  Anson.  It  has  a  church, 
and  lumber-mills.     Pop.  321. 

Eustis,  a  post-village  of  Frontier  co..  Neb.,  39  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Uoldrege.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  145. 

Eutaw,  yu'taw,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Greene  co., 
Ala.,  35  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Tuscaloosa.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  6  churches,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  1115, 
Entaw  Indians.  See  Utah  Indians. 
Eutaw  Springs,  a  small  affluent  of  the  Santee  River, 
in  South  Carolina.  Near  it,  in  Charleston  co.,  60  miles 
N.W.  of  Charleston,  was  fought  a  bloody  battle  in  1781. 

Eutin,  oi-teen',  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Oldenburg,  cap- 
ital of  the  principality  of  Lubeck,  in  a  detached  territory 
enclosed  by  Holstein,  18  miles  N.  of  Lubeck.  Pop.  3200. 
It  has  a  ducal  palace  on  an  island  in  an  adjacent  lake. 

Eutin  gen,  oi'ling-^n,  a  village  of  Baden,  near  Pforz- 
heim, on  the  Enz.     Pop.  1286. 

Eutingen,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg,  in   the   Black 
Forest,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Horb.     Pop.  1082. 
Euxine  Sea.    See  Black  Sea. 

Enxinns  Pontus,  an  ancient  name  of  the  Black  Sea. 
Evan'gelist  Islands,  or  Four  Evan'gelists,  a 
group  of  rocky  islets  of  South  America,  off  the  W.  coast 
of  Patagonia,  lat.  (southernmost)  52°  24'  S.,  Ion.  75°  7'  W., 
consisting  of  four  principal  islets  and  some  detached  rocks 
and  breakers.  They  form  an  excellent  leading-mark  for 
the  W.  entrance  of  the  Strait  of  Magellan. 

Ev'ans,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Weld  co.,  Colorado,  on 
the  South  Fork  of  the  Platte  River,  48  miles  by  rail  N.N.E. 
of  Denver,  and  4  miles  S.  of  Greeley.  It  has  a  court- 
house, 2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  cheese-factory,  a  broom- 
and  brush-factory,  2  lumber-yards,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  306. 

Evans,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Evans  township, 
Marshall  co.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Alton  Railroad,  15  miles 
W.  of  Streator,  and  14  miles  E.  of  Lacon.  The  township 
contains  the  village  of  Wenona  and  a  pop.  of  1989. 

Evans,  a  station  in  Eureka  co.,  Nevada,  on  the  Eureka 
<fc  Palisade  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Palisade. 

Evans,  or  Evans  Centre,  a  post-village,  of  Erie  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Evans  township,  and  near  the  Lake  Shore  &  Mich- 
igan Southern  Railroad,  20  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Buffalo,  and  1 J 
miles  from  Lake  Erie.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  150.  Here  is  Evans 
Post-Office.  The  township  contains  larger  villages,  named 
Angola  and  North  Evans,  and  has  8  churches,  and  manu- 
facftxres  of  cheese,  flour,  Ac.  Pop.  of  the  township,  2692. 
Evans  Bridge,  a  station  on  the  branch  railroad  from 
Meadville,  Pa.,  to  Oil  City,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Meadville. 

Ev'ansbtirg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.,  1  mile 
from  Oxford  Railroad  Station,  and  about  30  miles  N.E,  of 
Zanesville.     It  has  a  church, 

Evansburg,  a  post-borough  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  on 
Conneaut  Lake,  13  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Meadville.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  bank,  an  academy,  a  bolt-factory,  2  saw- 
mills, and  flour-mills.     Pop.  291. 


'STA 


1148 


EVE 


'EvanabargfM  rlllageof  Montgomory  oo..  Pa.,  in  Lower 
rruvi.l«itu«  to\rn8hi|),  1  mile  from  Collvgevillo  llailroad 
Sutiun.     It  ha4  J  ciiuruhw  and  a  •team-tannery. 

Evaiitiburg  Staliotit  Crawford  oc,  I'a.,  14  milei  by 
nil  \V.  gf  Mendville.     Here  is  Stony  Point  Post-Offioe. 

Evans  C'ityt  n  poit-boruugh  of  Butler  oo.,  Pa.,  17  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  JButler.  It  has  7  churches,  a  bank,  and  a 
lumber-mill.     Pop.  037. 

Evans  Land'ing*  a  post-office  of  Harrison  oo.,  Ind., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  3  miles  from  West  Point,  Ky. 

Evans'  Atills^  a  station  in  Escambia  co.,  Aln.,  on  the 
Uubile  A  Montj^mery  Kailrond,  63  miles  N.E.  of  Mobile. 

Evans'  Af  illSf  a  post-villnge  of  JefTerson  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Pleasant  Creek,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Watortown.  It  has  5 
ohurches,  2  ohcose-faotories,  saw-mills,  a  graded  school,  Sio. 
Pop.  about  500. 

Ev'ansport,  a  post-village  of  Defiance  oo.,  0.,  on  Bean 
Creek,  about  50  miles  W.S.W.  of  Toledo,  and  11  miles  N. 
of  Defiance.    It  has  3  ohurohes  and  a  union  school.    P.  191. 

Ev'anston,  a  handsome  post-village  of  Cook  oo..  III., 
on  Lake  Michigan,  12  miles  N.  of  Chicago.  It  is  on  the 
Milwaukeedivieion  of  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad, 
and  contains  22  churches,  2  newspnper  offices,  3  banks,  a 
number  of  fine  residences,  the  Ourrett  Biblical  Institute,  a 
free  public  library,  and  the  Evanston  College  for  Ladits, 
which  was  founded  in  1871.  It  is  also  the  scat  of  the 
Northwestern  University  (Methodist),  which  was  founded 
in  1854.  This  institution  has  a  library  of  22,000  volumes. 
Evunston  has  electric  lights,  gas-works,  and  Holly  water- 
works.    Pop.  about  500U. 

Evanston,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Uintah  co.,  Wy- 
oming, on  Bear  River,  and  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad, 
76  miles  E.  of  Ogden,  and  about  75  miles  N.E.  of  Salt  Lake 
City.  Elevation,  6870  feet.  It  contains  5  churches,  sev- 
eral hotels,  a  savings-bank,  2  other  banks,  several  lumber- 
mills,  and  machine-shops  of  the  railroad  company.  Two 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  About  6  miles  frolu 
the  town  there  is  one  of  the  largest  coal-beds  in  the  West, 
from  22  feet  to  32  feet  in  thickness,  from  which  nearly  400 
tons  of  good  coal  are  mined  daily ;  and  iron  ore  is  found 
with  or  under  the  coal.     Pop.  in  1890,  1995. 

Ev'ansville,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co..  Ark., 
about  33  miles  N.  of  Eort  Smith.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  saw-mill. 

Evansvilie,  a  post-village  of  Randolph  oo.,  III.,  on 
the  Kaskaskia  River,  32  miles  S.  of  Belleville.  It  has  2 
ohurches,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  broom-factory.     Pop.  250. 

EvansviUe,  a  city  and  port  of  entry  of  Indiana,  the 
capital  of  Vanderburg  co.,  is  situated  on  a  high  bank  of  the 
Ohio  River,  about  19U  miles  below  Louisville,  and  190  miles 
above  Cairo.  It  is  on  the  St.  Louis  &  Southeastern  Rail- 
road (which  here  crosses  the  river  by  a  ferry-boat),  162 
miles  E.S.E.  of  St.  Louis,  and  is  the  south  terminus  of  the 
Evansville  <fc  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  which  connects  here 
with  the  Lake  Erie,  Evansville  &  Southwestern  Railroad, 
109  miles  S.  of  Terre  Haute.  The  oourseof  the  river  is  hero 
so  remarkably  sinuous  that  Evansville,  though  upon  its 
bank,  is  near  the  centre  of  the  county.  The  city  contains 
about  50  churches,  a  city  hall,  5  national  banks,  a  savings- 
bank,  a  high  school,  a  handsome  court-house,  an  opera-house, 
a  custom-house,  8  public  halls,  a  United  States  marine  hos- 
pital, and  printing-offices  which  issue  6  daily  and  5  weekly 
newspapers ;  2  of  the  dailies  are  in  the  German  language. 
Its  prosperity  is  chiefly  derived  from  trade,  and  extensive 
manufactures  of  furniture,  engines  and  boilers,  machinery, 
stoves  and  heaters,  flour,  leather,  saddlery  and  harness, 
cotton  goods,  lumber,  tobacco,  farming-implements,  Ac,  the 
aggregate  value  of  which  is  about  $5,000,000  per  annum. 
Evansville  has  12  flouring-mills,  6  breweries,  7  iron-foun- 
dries, 4  machine-shops,  a  rolling-mill,  2  woollen-mills,  a 
large  ootton-factory  (400  hands),  and  several  planing-mills 
and  saw-mills.  It  Is  favorably  situated  for  manufactures, 
being  surrounded  by  extensive  beds  of  coal,  which  is  abun- 
dant and  cheap.  It  is  said  to  be  the  largest  shipping-point 
for  corn,  wheat,  and  pork  on  the  Ohio  River  between  its 
mouth  and  Cincinnati.  It  is  the  centre  of  a  great  tobacco- 
producing  section,  and  has  a  large  trade  in  that  staple.  A 
new  building  has  recently  been  erected  here  for  the  custom- 
house and  post-office,  which  cost  §250,000.  Here  is  the 
Willard  Library  and  Art  Gallery,  endowed  with  $500,000. 
Evansville  is  lighted  with  gas,  and  supplied  with  water  by 
the  Holly  system.  Pop.  in  1860,  11,484;  in  1870,  21,830; 
in  1880,  29,280;  in  1890,  50,756. 

Evansville,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  oo.,  Minn.,  17 
miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Alexandria.  It  has  2  ohurches,  a 
bank,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  elevators,  and  grain- 
Mid  flour-mills.    Pop.  452. 


Evansville,  a  post-hnmlot  of  Monroe  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri,  Kansas  A  Texas  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  .Moberly. 

Evansville,  a  hamlot  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  5  miles  S.  of 
Ellenville. 

Evansville,  a  station  in  Berks  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the  Berks  A 
Lehigh  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Reading. 

Evansville,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  oo.,  Pa.,  In 
Brier  Creek  township,  4  miles  N.  of  Berwick.  It  has  a 
church  ond  a  manufactory  of  threshing-machines. 

Evansville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  4  miles 
E.  of  Barton  Landing.  It  has  a  manufactory  of  whetstones 
and  one  of  lumber. 

Evansville,  a  post-village  of  Preston  co.,  W.  Va.,  6 
miles  S.  of  Newburg  Railroad  Station,  and  about  70  milai 
S.E.  of  Wheeling.     It  has  2  churches. 

Evansville,  a  post-village  of  Rock  co.,  Wis.,  in  Union 
township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwes'torn  lUvilroad  (.MiuH- 
son  division),  22  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Madison,  and  17  miles 
N.W.  of  Jivnesville.  It  contains  4  ohurches,  a  high  schnDl 
a  seminary,  a  bank,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  flour-mill,  a  ma- 
chine-shop, a  foundry,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  cigar*, 
cheese,  Ac.     Pop.  1523. 

Evans'  Wharf,  a  post-office  of  Accomack  co.,  Va. 

Ev'ansivood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waupaca  co..  Wis.,  oa 
a  small  lake,  which  is  an  expansion  of  Wolf  River,  about 
27  miles  N.W.  of  Oshkosh. 

Evanton,  iv'^n-tgn,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Roml 
13  miles  N.N.W.  of  Inverness.    Pop.  526. 

Ev'art,  a  post-village  of  Osceola  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Muskegon  River,  and  on  the  Flint  A  Pere  Marquette  Rail- 
road,  14  miles  E.  of  Reed  City,  and  76  miles  W.N.W.  of  Eiut 
Saginaw.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  2  banks,  2  foundries, 
a  machine-shop,  2  lumber  tool-factories,  4  churches,  about 
15  saw-mills,  a  carriage-factory,  and  a  flour-mill.  It  is 
mainly  supported  by  the  lumber  and  farming  interests. 
Pup.  in  1890,  1269. 

Evanx,  &V5',  a  town  of  France,  in  Crense,  21  miles 
N.E.  of  Aubusson.     Pop.  1499. 

Evcland  (cev'land)  drove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mahaska 
CO.,  Iowa,  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Oskaloosa.     It  has  a  church. 

Ev'eline,  a  post-township  of  Charlevoix  co.,  Mich.,  on 
an  arm  of  Lake  Michigan.     Pop.  312. 

Ev'elyn,  a  post-office  of  Glynn  co.,  Ga. 

Eve  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Loudon  co.,  Tenn. 

Ev'endale,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Hamilton  cu, 
0.,  in  Sycamore  township. 

Evendale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Juniata  co..  Pa.,  about  24 
miles  S.AV.  of  Sunbury. 

Eve'ning  Shade,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Sharp 
CO.,  Ark.,  near  Strawberry  Creek,  about  22  miles  N.  of 
Batesville.  It  has  a  college,  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
2  flour-mills,  a  woollen-factory,  a  saw-mill,  a  tannery,  Ac. 

Ev'enly,  a  river  of  England,  rising  in  the  N.  part  of 
the  CO.  of  Oxford,  and  flowing  S.E.  ])ast  Blandford  and 
Blenheim  into  the  Isis  4  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Oxford. 

Evcnopolis,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Lesneve:*. 

Ev'cnsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rhea  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad,  40  miles  N.  of  Chattanooga. 

Everbecq,  i' v§r-b6k\  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hninaut, 
22  miles  N.E.  of  Tournai.  It  has  e-xtensive  salt-refineriea 
and  linen-manufactures.     Pop.  3680. 

Ev'erest,  a  post-village  of  Brown  co.,  Kan.,  19  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Hiawatha.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank, 
a  graded  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  478. 

Everest,  Mount.    See  AIount  Everest. 

Ev'eret's,  or  Everett,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nansemond 
CO.,  Va.,  on  the  Eastern  Branch  of  the  Nansemond  River, 
10  miles  N.  of  Sufi"olk.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Ev'erett,  a  station  in  Crawford  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  South- 
western Railroad,  36  miles  S.W.  of  Macon. 

Everett,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  3  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Boston.  It  has  8  churches,  public  schools,  a 
young  ladies'  seminary,  a  furniture-factory,  a  pottery,  a 
fire-proof-roofing  factory,  a  sand-box  and  car-brake  fac- 
tory, a  baby-carriage-factory,  iron-works,  chemical-work?, 
a  knitting-factory,  a  varnish-factory,  and  2  newspaper 
offices.    Pop.  in  1870,  2220 ;  in  1880,  4159 ;  in  1890,  1 1,06S.> 

Everett,  a  township  of  JSewoygo  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  460. 
It  contains  Alley  ton. 

Everett,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co..  Mo.,  in  Everett 
township,  about  42  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Kansas  City.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  905,  chiefly  employed  in  stock-raising. 

Everett,  a  post-office  of  Dodge  co.,  Neb.,  is  at  Centre- 
ville,  on  Maple  Creek,  50  miles  W.N.W.  of  Omaha.  Here 
are  fair-grounds  of  the  Dodge  County  Agricultural  Society. 

Everett,  a  station  in  Lucas  co.,  0.,  on  the  Wabash 
Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Toledo. 


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1149 


EWI 


Everett,  formerly  Bloody  Run,  a  post-borough  of 
Bedford  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Raystown  Branch  of  the  Juniata 
River,  and  on  the  Huntingdon  &  Broad  Top  Railroad,  9 
miles  E.  of  Bedford.  It  has  a  banlc,  5  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  foundry,  a  steam  flouring-mill,  2  large  steam 
tanneries,  a  glass-factory,  a  blast-furnace,  and  3  planing- 
aiills.     Pop.  in  1880,  1247;  in  1890,  1679. 

Everett)  a  station  on  the  Brazos  division  of  the  In- 
temation^al  &  Great  Northern  Railroad,  49  miles  N.E.  of 
Austin,  Tex. 

Everett's  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Floyd  co.,  Ga. 
•  Everett's  Station,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co.,  Ga., 
7  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Fort  Valley.     It  has  2  churches. 
\Ev'erettsville,  a  hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  N.C.,  6  miles 
\j  rail  S.  of  Goldsborough. 

Everghem,  A'v?r-Gh5m\  a  village  of  Belgium,  prov- 
ince of  East  Flanders,  4  miles  N.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  6447. 

Ev'erglades,  Florida,  a  large  shallow  lake  or  marshy 
region  in  the  S.  part  of  the  peninsula,  in  the  counties  of 
Pade  and  Monroe.  The  depth  of  the  water  varies  from  1 
to  6  feet.  It  encloses  thousands  of  little  islands,  covered 
with  dense  thickets  of  palmettos,  cypress,  oaks,  vines,  and 
riirubs.     Alligiitori",  bears,  and  pumas  are  found  here. 

Ev'ergreen,  a  post-village  and  health  and  winter  re- 
sort, capital  of  Conecuh  co.,  Ala.,  81  miles  by  rail  S.S.W. 
of  Montgomery.  It  has  7  churches,  separate  schools  for 
white  and  colored,  3  newspaper  offices,  and  lumber-factories. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1783.     Here  is  a  mineral  spring. 

Evergreen,  a  post-village  of  Santa  Clara  co..  Gal.,  7 
miles  S.E.  of  San  Jos6.  It  has  a  church  and  a  wagon-factory. 
.  Evergreen,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Col.,  10 
miles  (direct)  S.  by  W.  of  Golden.     It  has  a  church. 

Evergreen,  a  post-office  of  Irwin  co.,  (Ja. 
:  Evergreen,  a  post-office  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa. 
.  Evergreen,  a  post-village  of  Avoyelles  parish,  La.,  16 
miles  S.  of  Marksville.     It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  about  SbO. 

Evergreen,  a  township  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
816,    It  contains  a  part  of  Stanton,  the  county  seat. 

Evergreen,  a  township  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  98. 

Evergreen,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  is  con- 
nected with  Alleghany  City  (4  miles  distant)  by  the  Law- 
renceville  <fc  Evergreen  Railroad,  which  extends  to  Bennett 
Station. 

Evergreen,  a  post-office  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa. 

Evergreen,  a  post-hamlet  of  Appomatto.^  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of 
Appomattox.     It  has  a  church. 

Evergreen  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va., 
6  miles  S.E.  of  Leesburg.  It  has  a  flour-mill. 
,  Evergreen  Park,  a  post-village  of  Cook  co..  111.,  on 
the  Chicago,  Danville  &  Vincennes  Railroad,  about  9  miles 
S.  of  Chicago,  is  the  residence  of  many  business  men  who 
have  offices  in  Chicago.  It  has  a  public  hall,  a  fine  public 
Bchool-house,  and  a  park. 

Ey'erittstown,  a  post-village  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J., 
13  miles  S.E.  of  Easton,  Pa.  It  has  a  church  and  a  flour- 
mill. 

Ev'erson,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Fayette  co.,  Pa., 
fbout  25  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Uniontown. 

Ev'ersonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Linn  co..  Mo.,  10 
miles  from  Wheeling  Station. 

Ev'erton,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Ind.,  about  25 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  149. 
,  Everton,  a  post-village  of  Dade  co..  Mo.,  37  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Lamar,  and  9  miles  (direct)  S.E.  of  Greenfield. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  public  school,  and  manufac- 
tures of  flour  and  lime.     Pop.  740. 

Everton,  a  post-village  in  Wellington  co.,  Ontario,  on 
a  branch  of  the  Grand  River,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Guelph.  It 
contains  flour-  and  saw-mills,  a  tannery,  a  potash-factory, 
a  stave-factory,  Ac.     Pop.  250. 

,  Eves,  eevz,  a  station  on  the  Rome  Railroad,  12  miles  E. 
of  Rome,  Ga.,  and  8  miles  W.  of  Kingston. 

Evesborough,  eevz'bur-ruh,  a  hamlet  of  Burlington 
CO.,  N.J.,  3i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Moorestown.  It  has  a  chapel. 
Pop.  about  80. 

,  Evesham,  eevz'am  or  eevz'ham,  a  town  of  England, 
00.  of  Worcester,  in  the  beautiful  vale  of  the  same  name, 
and  on  the  navigable  Avon,  at  an  important  railway  junc- 
tion, 15  miles  S.E.  of  Worcester.  It  has  some  remains  (in- 
cluding the  stately  tower)  of  its  celebrated  abbey,  founded 
in  709,  2  branch  banks,  manufactories  of  stockings,  and  a 
large  market.  In  1265  the  Prince  of  Wales,  afterwards 
Edward  I.„  here  totally  defeated  the  barons  under  Simon 
f  e  Montfort.     Pop.  4888. 

Evesham,  eevz'ham,  a  township  of  Burlington  co., 
Jf  J.    Pop.  3351.     It  contains  Marlton  and  Crowfoot. 


Evian,  dVe-6N<»'  (ane.  Aqtiianum  t),  a  village  of  Franco, 
in  Haute-Savoie,  on  the  Lake  of  Geneva,  26  miles  N.E.  of 
Geneva.     Pop.  2450.     Near  it  are  chalybeate  baths. 

Ev'ington,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Campbell  co., 
Va.,  on  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  17  miles  S.  of 
Lynchburg.     It  has  2  stores  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Ev'it's  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Bedford  co., 
runs  southward  into  Maryland,  and  enters  the  Potomac 
River  3  or  4  miles  below  Cumberland. 

Ev'it's  Monn'tain,  a  ridge  extending  across  the 
Maryland  lino  N.N.E.  through  Bedford  co..  Pa.,  to  the 
Raystown  Branch  of  the  Juniata. 

Evoli,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Ebolt. 

Evo'na,  or  Evo'nia,  a  village  of  Middlesex  co.,  N.J., 
in  Piscataway  township,  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  New 
Jersey,  13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Elizabeth. 

Evora,  fiv'o-rJ,  (anc.  Eh'ora  and  Liberal' itns  Jii'Ua),  a 
city  of  Portugal,  capital  of  Alemtejo,  on  a  height,  85  miles 
by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Lisbon.  It  is  enclosed  by  ramparts,  and 
has  two  ruined  forts,  a  rich  Gothic  cathedral,  several  con- 
vents and  hospitals,  a  house  of  charity,  barracks,  diocesan 
school,  and  a  museum.  An  aqueduct,  still  in  use,  and  the 
remains  of  a  temple  of  Diana,  are  attributed  to  the  Roman 
general  Sertorius.  It  has  manufactures  of  hardware  and 
leather.     Evora  is  an  archbishop's  see.     Pop.  11,078. 

Evora-Monte,  fiv'o-ri-mon'tA,  a  town  of  Portugal, 
province  of  Alemtejo,  beautifully  situated  on  a  hill,  15 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Evora.  It  is  surrounded  by  walls  and  de- 
fended by  a  castle.     Pop.  1181. 

Evran,  hv^rb^',  a  village  of  France,  in  Cotes-du-Nord, 
on  the  Ranee,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Dinan.     Pop.  371. 

Evre,  aiv'r,  a  river  of  France,  department  of  Cher, 
joins  the  Cher  near  Vierzon.     Length,  41  miles. 

Evreux,  fivVuh'  (anc.  Mediola'num,  afterwards  Ehvro- 
vi'ces  and  Ebrotcee),  a  city  of  France,  capital  of  the  depart- 
ment of  Eure,  on  the  Iton,  at  a  railway  junction,  67  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Paris.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  many  antique 
houses,  a  fine  cathedral,  the  church  of  St.  Taurin,  a  clock- 
tower  built  in  1417,  a  town  hall,  an  episcopal  palace,  a 
theatre,  a  botanic  garden,  and  manufactures  of  tools,  paper, 
flour,  woollen  and  cotton  fabrics,  and  leather.  In  its  envi- 
rons is  the  fine  chateau  of  Navarre.     Pop.  11,453. 

Evron,  fivViN""',  a  town  of  France,  in  Maycnne,  17 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Laval.     Pop.  3433 ;  of  commune,  4724. 

£vry,  {v'ree',  a  station  on  the  Paris  &  Corbeil  Railway, 
13  miles  S.  of  Paris.     Pop.  996. 

Evst,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Yevst. 

Ew'ald,  a  post-office  of  Faribault  co.,  Minn. 

EwanoAvitz,  i-^vi-no'^its,  or  Eywanowitz,  i-*S.- 
no'^its,  a  town  of  Moravia,  24  miles  E.N.E.  of  Briinn,  on 
the  Ilanna.     Pop.  2200. 

EAv'an's  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Gloucester  co.,  N.J., 
in  Harrison  township,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Union  Station.  It 
has  a  church,  a  bank,  an  academy,  and  a  basket-factory. 

Ew'ansville,  a  station  in  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Camden  A  Amboy  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Vin- 
centown  Branch,  22  miles  B.  of  Camden. 

Ew'art,  a  post-hamlet  of  Poweshiek  co.,  Iowa,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Central  Railroad,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Grinnell. 

Ew'artsville,  post-office.  Whitman  co.,  Washington. 

Ew'ell,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  at  a  railway 
junction,  IJ  miles  N.N.E.  of  Epsom.     Pop.  of  parish,  2535. 

Ew'cll's,  a  station  in  AVilliamson  co.,  Tenn.,  34  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Nashville,  on  the  Nashville  &  Decatur  Railroad, 

Ewijk,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Ewyk. 

Ew'ing,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  111.,  on  Big 
Muddy  River,  about  65  miles  E.S.E.  of  Belleville.  It  has 
a  college,  a  church,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Ewing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
&  Mississippi  Railroad,  1  mile  from  Brownstown. 

Ewing,  a  post-village  of  Fleming  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Mays- 
ville  &  Lexington  Railroad,  2  miles  S.  of  Elizaville,  and  20 
miles  S.  of  Maysville.     There  are  several  churches  near  it. 

Ewing,  a  post-village  of  Holt  co.,  Neb.,  21  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  O'Neill.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  high 
school,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  348. 

Ewing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hocking  co.,  0.,  about  32  milei 
E.N.E.  of  Chillicothe.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  50. 

Ewing,  a  station  in  York  co..  Pa.,  on  the  York  Branch 
of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  3  miles  W.S.W.  of  Columbia. 

Ew'inglord,  a  post-hamlet  of  Trimble  co.,  Ky.,  about, 
34  miles  N.E.  of  Louisville.  .  1 

Ewing  Harbor,  Oregon.    See  Port  OnFonD. 

Ew'ing's,  a  station  in  Cole  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri 
Pacific  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Jefferson  City. 

EAving's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa., 
9  miles  W.  of  Pittsburg.    It  has  a  flour-mill. 


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EXL 


Ewinf  *i  Mill««  a  station  in  Witshington  oo.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Cbartiert  Railroad,  A  miles  N.X.E.  of  Washington. 

lowing*!  Neck«  a  post-Tillnge  of  Cumborland  co.,  N.J., 
in  Maurice  River  townsliip,  about  2  miles  from  Delaware 
Bay,  and  15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Millrille.  It  has  a  church. 
Ojrstors  abound  here. 
Ku'ing's  Store«  a  nost-offlce  of  Bedford  oo.,  Va. 
Ew'iiigton,  a  post-hniulet  of  Deoatur  co.,  Ind.,  in  Clay 
towiiKhl]),  about  48  mile!<  S.B.  of  Indianapolis. 

Kwiiigtuii,  a  township  of  Jnukson  oo.,  Minn.  Pop.  89. 
Ewiugton^a  post-village  of  Oiillia  co.,  0.,  in  Hunting- 
tun  township,  on  the  Ilaocoon  River,  18  miles  N.W.  of 
Gallipulis.  It  has  an  academy  and  3  churches.  Pop.  It) I. 
Kw'ingTille)  a  post-village  of  Morcer  co.,  iN.J.,  in 
Ewing  township,  on  the  Delaware  &  Bound  Brook  Railroad, 
4  uiilos  N.  of  Ircnton.     It  bos  a  church. 

Ewyk,  or  EwUk^  &'<^ik,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  GelJorland,  6  miles  W.  of  Nymwegen.     Pop.  2008. 

Exaerde,  ds-ait'd^h,  a  commune  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  8  miles  N.AV.  of  Termonde.  It  bos  linen-manu- 
ihctories,  breweries,  and  corn-mills.     Pop.  4680. 

Excel'lo,  a  podt-oBioe  of  Macon  co.,  Mo.,  7  miles  by 
rail  i^.  of  Macun  Cily.     Coal  is  shipped  here. 

ExcellO)  a  post-office  at  Amanda  village,  Butler  co.,  0. 
See  Amanda. 
Excelsior,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  oo.,  Kansas. 
Excelsior,  ex-cSl'si-Sr,  a  post-villoge  and  summer 
resort  of  Hennepin  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  S.  shore  of  Min- 
netonka  Lake,  31  miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  St.  Paul.  It 
has  5  churches,  a  bank,  an  academy,  2  newspaper  offices, 
a  lumber-factory,  and  a  broom-factory.     Pop.  619. 

Excelsior,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  Mo.,  15  miles 
S.  of  Tipton.     It  has  a  steam  mill  and  a  lead-mine. 

Excelsior,  a  post-village  of  Northumberland  co.,  Po., 
in  Coal  township,  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Rending  Railroad 
(Mahanoy  <t  Shamokin  line),  4  miles  E.  of  Shamokin.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  coal-mine. 

Excelsior,  a  post-village  of  Richland  co.,  Wis.,  in 
Riohwood  township,  about  52  miles  S.S.E.  of  La  Crosse. 
It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Excelsior  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Jo  Daviess  co..  III., 
6  miles  N.  of  Galena.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
smelting-furnace  for  lead. 

Excelsior  Springs,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort 
of  Clay  CO.,  Mo.,  33  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Kansas  City. 
It  has  5  churches,  public  schools,  2  banks,  bottling-works, 
mineral-wells,  2  newspaper  offices,  Ac.  Pop.  2034. 
Exchange,  a  post-office  of  Montour  co.,  Pa. 
Exchangeville,  Pennsylvania.  See  Sheaki.kyville. 
Excideuil,fi.<*8ee'dui',or  Exideuil,atownofFrance, 
in  Dordogno,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Perigueux,  on  the  Loue.  It 
has  two  antique  towers  and  ruins  of  a  monastery.  P.  1950. 
Exe,  fix  (anc.  fsaca),  a  river  of  England,  rises  in  E.x- 
moor,  CO.  of  Somerset,  and  flows  S.  into  the  English  Chan- 
nel at  Exmouth.  Its  chief  affluents  are  the  Yeo  and  Clist. 
Bampton,  Tiverton,  and  Exeter  are  on  its  banks. 
Exe,  a  parish  of  England.  See  Beauliec. 
Exea  de  los  Caballeros.  See  Egea  de  los  Ca- 
bai.i.eros. 
Exen,  a  town  of  Alsace.  See  Egisheim. 
Ex'eter  (L.  /»'ea,  Ejconin,  Uxela  f)  a  city  of  England, 
CO.  of  Devon,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Exe,  10  miles  N.W.  of 
its  outlet  in  the  English  Channel,  159  miles  W.S.W.  of 
London,  at  a  railway  junction,  lat.  50°  44'  N.,  Ion.  3°  33' 
W.,  pleas.antly  situated  on  the  summit  and  slopes  of  an 
acclivity  rising  from  the  river.  Two  principal  streets  cross 
each  other  at  right  angles,  from  which  a  number  of  smaller 
streets,  extremely  narrow,  diverge.  It  is  well  paved  and 
lighted,  amply  supplied  with  water,  and  remarkably  clean. 
Tiie  chief  object  of  interest  in  the  city  is  the  cathedral,  a 
noble  edifice,  of  high  antiquity.  It  is  cruciform,  408  feet 
in  length,  its  W.  front  being  richly  decorated,  presenting 
one  of  the  most  beautiful  facades  in  Europe.  The  other 
architectural  antiquities  are  the  remains  of  the  castle  of 
Rougemont,  on  a  high  eminence  N.  of  the  city,  St.  John's 
Hospital,  now  a  free  grammar-school,  the  chapels  of  St. 
Wynard  and  St.  Anne,  and  the  chapel  of  the  Lepers' 
Hospital.  The  modern  edifices  worthy  of  notice  are  the 
theatre,  assembly-  or  ball-room,  bridewell,  museum,  the- 
ological college,  bishop's  palace,  jail,  sessions-house,  bar- 
racks, guild  hall,  baths,  and  the  markets.  Exeter  has  many 
fine  churches  and  chapels,  numerous  asylums,  hospitals,  and 
other  charities,  and  some  important  schools.  The  city  has 
manufactures  of  paper,  beer,  gloves,  lace,  castings,  Ac,  and, 
by  means  of  a  ship-canal  to  Topsham  and  an  artificial  basin, 
it  has  considerable  trade  by  sea. 

Exeter  is  a  place  of  remote  antiquity,  having  been  a 


British  settlement  long  prior  to  the  invasion  of  the  Romans, 
by  whom  it  was  called  Iiea  JJumuouiorum.  A  number  of 
coins,  small  bronze  statues,  some  tessellated  (lavumenUi,  and 
other  Roman  antiquities  havu  been  found  in  the  imwodiiite 
vicinity  of  the  city.  In  the  reij^n  of  Alfred  it  was  called 
Exttn-cettre  (the  Castle  of  the  Exe),  of  which  the  prcxcnt 
name  is  a  corruption.  It  was  at  one  time  the  capital  of 
Wessox.  The  number  of  its  religious  es'tablishments  was 
so  great  that  the  Saxons  called  it  Monkntown.  E.xoter 
forms  a  county  of  itself.     Pop.  37,580. Inhab.  Ex'o.n. 

Ex'eter,  a  parish  in  the  town  of  Lebanon,  New  London 
CO.,  Conn.,  4  miles  from  Tumersvillo  Station.  It  has  a 
church. 

Exeter,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co..  III.,  8  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Winchester,  and  about  16  miles  W.  of  Jacksonville.  It 
has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  agricultural  imple- 
ments.    Coal  is  found  here.     Pop.  about  500. 

Exeter,  a  post-office  of  Cluy  co.,  Kansas,  in  Exeter 
township,  about  25  miles  N.W.  of  Junction  City. 

Exeter,  a  post-humlet  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  about  24 
miles  N.W.  of  Bangor.  It  contains  a  high  school.  Exeter 
township  has  3  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  939. 

Exeter,  a  post-hnmlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  on  th« 
Canada  Southern  Railroad,  35  miles  S.W.  of  Detroit. 

Exeter,  a  post-village  of  Barry  co..  Mo.,  19  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Monett.  It  has  church  organizations,  an  academy, 
and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  244. 

Exeter,  a  post-village  of  Fillmore  co..  Neb.,  47  milei 
by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks, 
and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  754. 

Exeter,  a  post-village,  semi-capital  of  Rockingham  co., 
N.H.,  in  Exeter  township,  on  the  Exeter  River,  and  on  the 
Boston  &  Maine  Railroad,  51  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Boston,  and 
17  miles  S.S.W,  of  Dover.  It  contains  a  court-house,  8 
churches,  a  national  bank,  2  savings-banks,  Phillips  Acad- 
emy, which  is  richly  endowed,  the  Robinson  Female  Semi- 
nary, a  pottery,  2  machine-shops,  a  cotton-mill,  2  newspaper 
offices,  several  monufactories  of  carriages  and  boots  and 
shoes,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  4284. 

Exeter,  or  Exeter  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Otsego 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Exeter  township,  about  24  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Utica.  It  has  a  church.  The  township  contains  a  village 
named  Schuyler  Lake,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1245. 

Exeter,  a  township  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  5  miles  S.E.  of 
Reading,  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Schuylkill  River. 
It  has  2  forges  for  bar  iron,  3  hat-factories,  a  woollen-mill, 
and  a  bloomery.     Pop.  2239.    See  Exeter  Statio.v. 

Exeter,  a  post-township  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  about  10 
miles  W.  of  Scranton,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Susque- 
hanna River.     It  contains  a  hamlet  named  Exeter.     P.  742. 

Exeter,  a  township  in  Wyoming  co..  Pa.,  bounded  E. 
by  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  contiguous  to  Exeter  in  Lu- 
zerne CO.     Pop.  211. 

Exeter,  a  post-township  of  Washington  oo.,  R.I.,  about 
22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Providence.  It  has  3  churches,  grist-, 
saw-,  and  shingle-mills,  and  manufactures  of  hay-racks  and 
lumber,  Ac.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Stonington  A  Providence 
Railroad.     Pop.  964. 

Exeter,  a  township  of  Green  co.,  Wis.  Pop.  883.  It 
contains  Dayton. 

Ex'eter,  or  Fran'cistown,  a  thriving  post- village  in 
Huron  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  river  Aux  Sable,  22  miles  S.  of 
Clinton.  It  has  a  woollen-factory,  a  cheese-factory,  a  melo- 
dcon-factory,  several  mills,  and  a  large  trade  in  grain, 
flour,  Ac.     Pop.  1000. 

Exeter  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  in  Exeter  township,  Pen- 
obscot CO.,  Me.,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Corinna  Station.  It  has 
a  lumber-mill  and  a  flour-mill. 

Ex'eter  (or  Squam'scot)  River,  a  small  stream 
of  Rockingham  co.,  N.H.,  runs  eastward,  and  falls  into  the 
Piscataqua  River  about  10  miles  W.  of  Portsmouth. 

Exeter  Station,  a  post-ofiice  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Philadelphia  A  Reading  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Reading. 

Exheini,  a  town  of  Alsace.    See  Eoisheim. 

Exidenil,  a  town  of  France.    See  Excideuil. 

Exilles,  dx^eel',  or  Esiglie,  d-8ecl'y&,  a  village  of 
Italy,  in  Piedmont,  37  miles  W.  of  Turin,  on  the  Dora 
Ripaira.     Pop.  1944. 

Exin,  S.x'een'  (Pol.  Kmjnia,  ksin'yi),  a  town  of  Prussia, 
province  of  Posen,  24  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bromberg,  with  a 
famous  convent.     Pop.  2587. 

Exi'ra,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Audubon  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  East  Nishnabatona  River,  9  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Audubon, 
It  has  graded  public  schools,  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  creamery, 
a  syrup-refinery,  manufactures  of  windmill  regulators,  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  575. 

Ex'line,  a  post-village  at  Caldwell  Station,  Appanoose 


EXM 


1151 


FAB 


CO.,  Iowa,  in  Caldwell  township,  on  the  Burlington  &  South- 
western Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Centreville.  It  has  1  or  2 
churches  and  a  coal-mine. 

Ex'moor,  a  district  of  England,  in  the  W.  of  the  co, 
of  Somerset  and  N.E.  of  Devon.  Area,  19,270  acres.  It 
consists  of  ranges  of  hills  from  1100  feet  to  1600  feet  in 
elevation,  formerly  forest,  but  now  mostly  heath  or  marsh. 
The  river  Exe  rises  here.  It  gives  name  to  breeds  of  sheep 
and  ponies. 

Ex'mouth,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Devon,  on  the 
Exe,  at  its  mouth  in  the  English  Channel,  9  miles  by  rail 
S.S.E.  of  Exeter.  It  has  a  ball-room,  baths,  and  libraries, 
the  extreme  beauty  of  its  surrounding  scenery,  with  the 
mildness  of  the  climate,  rendering  it  a  very  favorite  resort. 
It  has  good  docks  for  commerce.     Pop.  5614. 

£xmouth  Gulf,  on  the  AV.  coast  of  Australia,  lat.  22° 
S.,  formed  by  a  peninsula  about  80  miles  long  and  termi- 
nating with  the  Northwest  Cape.  It  is  30  miles  in  width 
at  the  entrance,  and  about  65  miles  in  length. 

£xonia,  an  ancient  name  of  Exetbr. 

Exper'imeut  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  Pa., 
about  2  miles  from  the  Delaware  Water  Gap.  It  has  2 
churches,  paper-mills,  and  2  flour-mills.  Water  Gap  Sani- 
tarium is  situated  in  this  vicinity. 

Exploits  Burnt  Island,  a  large  fishing  townof  New- 
Ibnndland,  on  an  island,  12  miles  from  the  mouth  of  Ex- 
ploits River,  and  14  miles  S.AV.  of  Twillingate.     Pop.  530. 

Exploits  River,  one  of  the  most  important  rivers  of 
Newfoundland,  flows  into  Exploits  Bay  on  the  N.E.  coast, 
and  is  navigable  for  steamers  a  distance  of  12  miles,  and 
thence  for  boats  to  within  50  miles  of  Burgeo,  on  the  S.W. 
coast.  Total  length,  about  150  miles,  draining  an  area  of 
about  3000  square  miles. 

Explo'ring  Islands,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  a  group  of 
the  Friendly  Islands.  Lat.  17°  10'  S.;  Ion.  178°  38'  W. 
They  are  well  situated  for  the  resort  of  vessels ;  anchorage 
safe  and  easily  reached.  Fruit  and  vegetables  are  abun- 
dant. 

Express'  Ranch,  a  post-ofiice  of  Baker  co.,  Oregon. 

Ex'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Chea- 
ter Valley  Railroad,  27  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Ex'tonville,  a  hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  N.J,,  in  Hamilton 
township,  5  miles  from  Yardville  Station. 

Exnma,  fix-oo'mil,  Great  and  Little  (called  also 
Yuma),  two  of  the  Bahama  Islands;  the  larger  in  lat.  23° 
30'  N.,  Ion.  75°  50'  W.,  30  miles  in  length  by  3  miles  in 
breadth,  and  having  one  of  the  best  harbors  in  those  islands. 
Total  pop.  2289. 

Eyafialla-Yokul,  i^i-fo-il'l4-yo'kS61,  a  volcano  of 
Iceland,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Mount  Hecla. 

Eva  let  Turkish  term  meaning  province.    See  Tcbket. 


Eyam,  ee'am  or  !'am,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of 
Derby,  in  a  romantic  dell,  4i  miles  E.N.E.  of  Tideswell. 

Eybar,  ^-e-san',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Guipuzcoa,  23 
miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Sebastian.  It  has  manufactures  of 
arms.     Pop.  2388. 

Eye,  i,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Sufiblk,  20  miles  N. 
of  Ipswich.  The  town  mostly  consists  of  cottages  ;  it  has  a 
fine  Gothic  church,  a  grammar-school,  a  guild  hall,  jail, 
house  of  industry,  almshouse,  and  a  branch  bank.    P.  2396. 

Eye,  i,  an  island  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  the  outer- 
most island  at  the  N.  entrance  of  Gilolo  Passage.  Lat.  0° 
23'  N. ;  Ion.  129°  53'  E.   It  is  small,  and  covered  with  trees. 

Eye,  or  Eyeo,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Katunga. 

Eyemouth,  i'miith,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ber- 
wick, on  the  Eye,  a  small  stream  which  rises  in  the  Lam- 
mermoor  range  and  here  enters  the  North  Sea,  8  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Berwick.  It  exports  grain,  and  has  a  fishery. 
Here  is  a  fine  bay,  with  an  excellent  harbor.     Pop.  2324. 

Eyers  (i'^rs)  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Columbia  co.,  Pa. 

Eygni^res,  i'ghe-ain'  (anc.  Aquaria  f),  a  town  of 
Franco,  in  Bouches-du-Rhdne,  22  miles  E.  of  Aries.  It  has 
manufactures  of  woollens  and  silk  twist.     Pop.  2875. 

Eylau  (Deutsch  and  Preussisch).    See  Eilau. 

Eynioutiers,i.*moo'te-aiR',  a  town  of  France,  InHauta- 
Vienne,  23  miles  E.S.E.  of  Limoges.     Pop.  2065. 

Eyne,  i'n^h,  a  commune  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanders, 
12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  2300. 

Eyo'ta,  a  post- village  of  Olmsted  co.,  Minn.,  in  Eyota 
township,  and  on  the  Winona  &  St.  Peter  Railroad,  37  miles 
W.  of  Winona,  and  13  miles  E.S.E.  of  Rochester.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  money-order  post-office,  and 
a  wagon -shop.     Pop.  377  ;  of  township,  610. 

Eypel,  a  river  of  Hungary.     See  Ipoly. 

Eyragues,  4'rig',  a  village  of  France,  in  Bonches-da- 
Rh6ne,  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Aries.     Pop.  1891. 

Eyrecourt,air'kort,  or  Air'court,  a  town  of  Ireland, 
CO.  of  Galway,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Banagher.     Pop.  747. 

Eyre  (air)  Lake,  a  large  lake  of  Sonth  Australia,  lat. 
27°  50'  to  29°  20'  S.     Area,  4000  square  miles. 

Eysden,  is'd^n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Lim« 
burg,  6  miles  S.  of  Maestricht.     Pop.  560. 

Eyster,  iss't^r,  a  station  in  York  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Han« 
over  <t  York  Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of  York. 

Eytah,  a  town  of  India.    See  Etah. 

Ezcaray,  fith-ki-ri'  or  4s-ki-ri',  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  31  miles  W.S.W.  of  Logrorio.     Pop.  2958. 

Eze,  aiz  (Ital.  /««,  ee'si,  or  Eza,  aid'zi;  Lat.  Isia),  a 
village  of  France,  in  Alpes-Maritimes,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Nice,  on  a  high  peak  overlooking  the  sea.     Pop.  565. 

E'zel,  a  post-village  of  Morgan  co.,  Ky.,  about  70  mile* 
E.  of  Lexington.    It  has  3  churches. 


F. 


Faaberg,  fo'bSng,  a  village  of  Norway,  85  miles  N.  of 
Christiania,  on  the  Lougen. 

Faaborg,  fo'bono,  a  town  of  Denmark,  in  the  island  of 
Funen,  on  its  S.  coast,  15  miles  W.  of  Svendborg.  It  has 
an  export  trade  in  corn.    Pop.  3440. 

Fab'acher,  a  post-office  of  St.  Landry  parish.  La. 

Fabara,  fi-sl'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Aragon,  68  miles 
S.E.  of  Saragossa,  on  the  Matoranna.     Pop.  1997. 

Fabbriano,  fib-bre-i'no,  a  city  of  Italy,  province 
and  45  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Ancona.  It  has  a  cathedral, 
and  manufactures  of  paper  and  parchment,  and  is  a  bishop's 
see.     Pop.  7612. 

Fabbrica,  fib'bre-ki,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Rome,  11  miles  E.S.E.  of  Viterbo.     Pop.  2264. 

Fa'ber's  Mills,  a  hamlet  in  Nelson  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  39  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lynchburg. 
It  has  a  church,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Fabianhaza,  fi'be'dn'hi'zSh^  a  village  of  Hungary, 
CO.  of  Szathmar,  on  the  Szamos.     Pop.  1100. 

Fabius,  fab'e-us  or  fi'be-us,  a  river  of  Missouri,  is 
formed  by  three  branches,  called  the  North,  Middle,  and  South 
Fabius.  The  main  river,  which  is  about  1  mile  long,  enters 
the  Mississippi  in  Marion  co.,  about  5  miles  below  Quincy, 


HI.  The  North  Fabius  rises  in  Iowa,  and  runs  southeast- 
ward through  Scotland  and  Lewis  cos.  of  Missouri.  The 
South  Fabius  runs  southeastward  through  Knox  co.,  and 
unites  with  the  North  Fabius  in  Marion  co.,  nearly  7  miles 
N.E.  of  Palmyra.  The  Middle  Fabius  rises  in  Schuyler 
CO.,  runs  S.E.,  and  enters  the  North  Fabius  in  Lewis  co. 
The  length  of  the  North  Fabius  is  estimated  at  140  miles. 

Fabius,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Ala.,  about  6  miles 
E.  of  Stevenson. 

Fabius,  a  township  of  Davis  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Missouri 
line.     Pop.  1074.     It  contains  Monterey. 

Fabius,  a  township  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Mich.     P.  1035. 

Fabius,  a  township  of  Knox  co..  Mo.,    Pop.  1104. 

Fabius,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1908. 

Fabius,  a  township  of  Schuyler  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1474. 

Fabius,  or  Craw'ford  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Scotland  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri,  Iowa  &  Nebraska  Rail- 
road, 5  miles  W.  of  Memphis.     It  has  2  churches. 

Fabius,  a  post-village  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Fa- 
bius township,  about  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  machine-shop,  <tc.  Pop.  378. 
Dairy-products  are  the  chief  exports  of  the  township, 
which  contains  a  village  named  Apulia,  and  a  pop.  of  1966. , 


FAB 


1152 


FAX 


Fabias,  a  poct-offlM  of  lUrdy  oo.,  W.  Va. 

FAbriano,  a  town  of  Italjr.    Sm  Fabbriaro. 

FabricK',  the  Latin  naue  of  Faverobs. 

Fabriqae  la  Nueva,  fi-bree'ki  li  noo-4'vi,  a  town 

•f  Spain,  prorinc«of  Malaga,  noar  the  tJuadiaro.     P.  2476. 

.  Fabrixia,  fH-brid'te-i^  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Catanzaro, 

II  Biites  S.K.  of  Monteleone.     It  luffereU  greatly  by  the 

eartbqoaicet  of  1783.     Pop.  6566. 

Fabyan  (fS'bf-^n)  Honset  a  post-hamlet  of  Cooseo., 
N.ll.,  .'10  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  North  Conway.  It  bai  a 
large  hotel  and  3  lurober-iuills. 

Face'villc,  a  post-village  of  Decatur  co.,  Ga.,  34  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  liainbridge.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy, 
a  grii>t-mill,  and  a  cotton-gin. 

Faches,  f&sh,  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  4  miles 
from  Lille.     Pop.  2275. 

Fnchingen^  f&'King-^n,  a  village  of  Prussia,  9  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Nassau,  on  the  Lahn,  witti  celebrated  springs. 
.  Fack'ler^  a  post-bamlot  of  Jackson  co.,  Ala.,  II  miles 
by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Scottsborough.  It  has  a  church. 
-  Facone*  f&-ko'n&,  a  lake  of  Japan,  island  of  Hondo,  67 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Tokio,  9i  miles  long,  gives  rise  to  a  small 
river  of  the  same  name,  which  falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Yoddo. 
The  Japanese  attach  peculiar  sanctity  to  this  lake. 

Fac'torjr  Creek,  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  is  formed  by  the 
njiion  of  Ciavenvck  and  Kinderhook  Creeks.  It  enters  the 
Hudson  River  4  miles  above  the  city  of  Hudson. 

Factory  Dale,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  Nova 
Sootia,  on  the  South  River,  4  miles  from  Aylesford.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  oarding-mill,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  an 
agricultural  implement  factory,  &o.     Pop.  179. 

Factory  Island,  one  of  the  Isles  de  Los,  off  the  W. 
coast  of  Africa,  75  miles  N.W.  of  Sierra  Leone.  Lat.  0° 
28'  N. ;  Ion.  13°  44'  W. 

Factory  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Louisa  co.,  Va.,  18 
miles  from  Boaver  Dam  Depot. 

Factory  Point,  a  post-village  in  Manchester  town- 
ship, Bennington  co.,  Yt.,  near  the  Battenkill  River  and 
the  Ilarlcm  Extension  Railroad,  1  mile  N.E.  of  Manchester 
Station,  and  about  33  miles  S.  of  Rutland.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  tannery.  The  main  business  of  the  place  is  cutting 
marble,  which  is  quarried  here. 

Factory  Village,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Mass., 
on  the  Connecticut  River,  opposite  Turner's  Falls. 

Factory  Village,  a  hamlet  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  1 
mile  from  Ballston  Spa.     It  has  a  paper-mill. 

Fac'toryville,  a  post-village  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Mich., 
about  21  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Battle  Creek,  and  14 
miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Centrevillo. 

Factory  vil I e,  a  hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Neb.,  on  Weeping 
Water  Creek,  3fi  miles  S.  of  Omaha.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Factoryville,  a  village  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Crown 
Point  township,  2  miles  W.  of  Crown  Point  Railroad  Station. 
It  has  a  machine-shop,  a  saw-mill,  and  manufactures  of 
carriage-wheels,  sash,  and  doors. 

Factoryville,  Tioga  co.,  N.Y.     See  Waveuly. 

Factoryville,  a  post-borough  of  Wyoming  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &,  Western  Railroad,  15  miles 
N.  of  Scranton.  It  has  an  academy,  2  churches,  and  a 
stone-quarry.     Pop.  in  1890,  577. 

Faad,  Kdd,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  and  about  2  miles 
from  Tolna,  on  the  Danube.     Pop.  5050. 

Fades  (fadz)  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Luzerne  co., 
Pa.,  15  miles  (direct)  W.N.W.  of  Wilkesbarre. 

Fadette,  f4-d5t',  a  post-office  of  Geneva  co.,  Ala. 

Fndievskoi,  fi,-dc-Sv'skui,  nn  island  of  the  Arctic 
Ocean,  in  Asiatic  Russia,  lat.  76°  N.,  Ion.  141°-I45°  E., 
between  the  islands  of  Kotelnoi  and  New  Siberia.  Length, 
from  S.E.  to  N.W.,  100  miles;  breadth,  35  miles. 

Fag'leysville,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa. 

FaEgl<Ee,or  F&gl5e,  fA'glo^oneof  the  Aland  Islands, 
in  the  Baltic,  in  the  S.  part  of  the  group.  Lat.  60°  N. ; 
Ion.  20°  20'  E. 

Faemnnd,  or  F&mnnd,  fi'moond',  a  lake  of  Norway, 
near  the  Swedish  frontier,  85  miles  S.E.  of  Trondhjem. 
Length,  37  miles ;  breadth,  5  miles. 

FaengcDC,  or  F&ngoe,  fing'go',  an  island  in  the  Bal- 
tic, off  the  E.  coast  of  Sweden.  Lat.  68°  19'  N. ;  Ion.  16° 
67'  E. 

Faenza,  fi-5n'zi  (ano.  Favm'tla),  a  city  of  Central 
Italy,  province  of  Ravenna,  31  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Ra- 
venna, at  the  junction  of  the  canal  of  Zanelli  with  the 
Lamone.  Pop.  36,299.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls  and  de- 
fended by  a  citadel.  It  has  a  cathedral,  a  fine  marble  foun- 
tain, schools  of  painting,  a  college,  a  hospital,  and  lunatic 
and  orphan  asylums.  It  has  manufactures  of  a  peculiar 
earthenware  (called,  from  the  name  of  the  town,  faience), 


silk  twist,  and  paper,  and  a  brisk  trade  by  the  canal  to  the 
Po.  It  haa  several  interesting  art  collections,  and  is  a 
bishop's  see. 

Fnrder,  or  FUrder,  f4i»'d?r,  a  small  island  off  the  S. 
coast  of  Norway,  with  a  light-house,  in  lat.  59°  3'  N.,  Ion. 
10°  37'  E. 

Fierd,  an  island  of  Denmark.     See  Faroe. 

FlEsuIsc,  the  ancient  name  of  Fikholk. 

Fafard,  fl'fard',  a  post- village  in  Lotbiniiiro  co.,  Qn». 
bee.  about  45  miles  N.N.W.  of  LotbiniJire.     Pop.  100. 

Fagagna,  fl-g4n'y4,  a  village  of  Italy,  8  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Udine.  It  has  remains  of  an  old  castle,  and  several  mills. 
Pop.  3957. 

Fagale  Ligurum.    See  Favalr. 

Fag'gert's,  a  township  of  Cabarrus  co.,  N.C.  Pop.  619. 

Fagleysville,  fag'liz-vll,  a  post-hamlet  in  New  Han- 
over township,  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Potts  town. 

Fitgl5e,  one  of  the  Aland  Islands.     See  FiCOLosR. 

Fagnano,  f4n-y4'no,  or  Fagnano-Olonu,  f4n'yl'. 
no-o-lo'n4,  a  village  of  Italy,  on  the  Olona,  19  miles  N.W. 
of  Milan.     Pop.  3167. 

Fagnano,  a  vilhige  of  Italy,  13  miles  S.  of  Verona, 
famous  for  a  battle  in  1799  between  the  French  and  the 
Austrians. 

Fagnano,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Chieti,  14 
miles  S.E.  of  Aquila. 

Fagnano,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  22  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Cosenza.     Pop.  3940. 

Fagnano,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Ravenna,  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Faenza. 

Fagun'dus,  a  post-village  in  Deerfield  township,  War- 
ren CO.,  Pa.,  12  miles  E.  of  Titusville,  and  5  miles  S.W.  of 
Tidioute.  It  has  a  church,  2  hotels,  and  several  oil-wells. 
Pop.  about  200. 

Fagus  Lecornm,  the  ancient  name  of  Fouo. 

Fahleeyan,  or  Fahliyan,  f4hMee'y4n',  a  town  of 
Persia,  province  of  Fars,  45  miles  N.  of  Kazeroon,  with  from 
60  to  70  houses,  but  formerly  of  more  importance. 

Fahinn,  a  town  or  province  of  Sweden.     See  Falun. 

Fahrafeld,  f4'r4-f51t\  a  village  of  Lower  Austria,  on 
the  Triesting,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  700. 

Faido,  f  i'do,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Ticino, 
22  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bellinzona,  on  the  Ticino.     Pop.  661. 

Fai"Fo,  fi-fo,  a  town  of  Annam,  in  the  province  of 
Quang-Nan,  on  a  river,  near  its  mouth  in  the  China  Sea, 
15  miles  S.  of  Tooron.  It  has  a  large  Booddhic  temple, 
with  2  other  Chinese  temples.     Pop.  15,000. 

Faioom,  or  Faionm,  Egypt.     See  Fayooji. 

Fair'bank,  a  post-village  of  Buchanan  co.,  Iowa,  7 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Oelwein,  and  13  miles  (direct)  N.N.W. 
of  Independence.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded 
school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  sash-  and  door-factory. 
Pop.  448. 

Fair'banks,  a  post-village  of  Alachua  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
Transit  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Gainesville.  It  has  a 
grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  public  hall. 

Fairbanks,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  Ind.,  about 
18  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Terre  Haute.     It  has  2  churches. 

Fairbanks,  a  post-office  of  Lexington  co.,  S.C.,  4  miles 
N.  of  Pine  Ridge. 

Fair  Bluff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbus  co.,  N.C,  64 
miles  AV.  of  Wilmington.  It  has  2  churche",  a  cotton-gin, 
2  tiirpcntinc-stills,  and  an  academy.     Pop.  243. 

Fair'burn,a  post-village,  capital  of  Campbell  co.,  Ga., 
18  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  5  churches, 
public  schools,  a  newspaper  office,  steam-gins,  flour-mills, 
Ac.     Pop.  695. 

Fair'bury,  a  post-village  in  Livingston  co..  III.,  59 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Peoria,  and  12  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of 
Pontiac.  It  has  9  churches,  3  banks,  a  high  school,  nn 
academy,  2  newspaper  offices,  manufactures  of  soda-water, 
lumber,  sorghum,  cider,  lath-  and  wire-fence,  a  foundry,  and 
2  coal-mines.     Pop.  2324. 

Fairbury,  a  post-village  and  railroad  junction,  capital 
of  Jefferson  co..  Neb.,  72  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Lincoln, 
and  32  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Beatrice.  It  has  5  churches, 
4  banks,  a  high  school,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  foundry,  and 
a  flour-mill.     Pop.  2630. 

Fair'chance',  a  post-borougb  of  Fayette  co..  Pa.,  7 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Uniontown.  It  has  2  churches,  a  fur- 
nace, and  manufactures  of  bricks  and  coke.     Pop.  1092. 

Fair'child,  a  post-village  of  Eau  Claire  co..  Wis.,  31 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Eau  Claire.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high 
school,  and  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  in  1890,  645. 

Fair  Dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Han- 
nibal township,  2^  miles  from  Hannibal  Station. 


FAX 


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tAl 


Fairdale,  a  post-villnge  of  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Jessup  township,  4  or  6  miles  S.W.  of  Montrose.  It  has  a 
church,  2  stores.  <fcc. 

Fair  Deal'ing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  Ky.,  7 
miles  E.  of  Benton. 

Fair'fax,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Virginia,  has 
an  area  of  about  420  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.E.  and  S.E.  by  the  Potomac  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by 
5ull  Run  and  Occoquan  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  and 
extensively  covered  with  forests;  the  soil  is,  or  was  once, 
moderately  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  hay  are 
tfae  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  3  rail- 
roads, namely,  the  Baltimore  &  Potomac,  the  Chesapeake  A, 
Ohio,  and  Richmond  <fe  Danville.  Capital,  Fairfax  Court- 
Ilouse.  Mount  Vernon,  once  the  residence  of  General 
Washington,  is  situated  in  the  eastern  portion  of  this  county. 
Pop.  in  1870,  12,952;  in  1880,  16,025;  in  1890,  16,655. 

Fairfax,  a  station  in  Marin  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  North 
pacific  Coast  Railroad,  18  miles  from  San  Francisco. 

Fairfax,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Ind.,  on  Salt 
Creek,  12  miles  S.  of  Bloomington.  It  has  a  church  and 
1^  lumber-mill. 

Fairfax,  a  hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.,  in  New  Oarden 
township.     Pop.  21. 

Fairfax,  a  post-village  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa,  on  Prairie 
Creek,  8  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Cedar  Rapids.  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  high  school.  The  corporate  name  of  the 
Tillage  is  Vanderbilt.  Pop.  about  400 ;  of  the  township  in 
1,890,  1110. 

Fairfax,  a  post-village  of  Renville  co.,  Minn.,  20  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Redwood  Falls,  and  15  miles  (direct)  E.  by  S. 
of  Beaver  Falls.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks,  and  2  news- 
paper offices.     Pop.  351. 

Fairfax,  a  post-village  of  Atchison  co.,  Mo.,  7  miles 
by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Corning,  and  8  miles  (direct)  S.E.  of 
Rockport.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  an  academy,  and  a 
brick-  and  tile-factory.     Pop.  329. 

Fairfax,  a  post-bamlet  of  Swain  oo.,  N.C.,  30  miles 
S.E.  of  Maryville,  Tenn. 

.  Fairfax,  a  post-village  of  Highland  co.,  0.,  about  40 
miles  S.W.  of  Chillicothe.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  84. 

Fairfax,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  in  Fairfax 
township,  on  the  Lamoille  River,  about  11  miles  (direct) 
S.  by  E.  of  St.  Albans.  It  has  a  Baptist  theological  school, 
called  the  New  Hampshire  Institution,  several  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  woollen  goods,  flour,  lumber,  <fec.  The 
township  has  5  churches  and  a  pop.  of  1523. 

Fairfax,  Virginia.     See  Culpeper. 

Fairfax  Court-House,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Fairfax  co.,  Va.,  20  miles  W.  of  Washington,  D.C.,  and  3^ 
miles  N.  of  Fairfax  Station.  It  has  5  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  350. 

Fairfax  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfax  co.,  Va., 
18  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Alexandria.     It  has  2  churches. 

Fair'field,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Derby,  2  miles 
N.E.  of  Buxton.     Pop.  2103. 

Fairfield,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  3i 
miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Manchester. 

Fair'field,  the  most  southwestern  county  of  Connecti- 
cut, bordering  on  New  York,  has  an  area  of  about  540  square 
wiles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  and  E.  by  the  Housatonic 
River,  and  on  the  S.E.  by  Long  Island  Sound,  which  affords 
great  facilities  for  trade  and  navigation.  The  surface  is 
partly  hilly,  and  a  large  portion  of  it  is  covered  with  for- 
ests. The  soil  is  fertile.  Hay,  butter,  Indian  corn,  potatoes, 
oats,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has 
important  manufactures  of  hats,  caps,  sewing-machines, 
woollen  goods,  <fec.  Granite  underlies  part  of  the  soil.  It 
\»  intersected  by  the  Housatonic  Railroad,  the  New  York, 
New  Haven  &  Hartford  Railroad,  and  the  New  York  & 
New  England  Railroad.  Capitals,  Danbury  and  Bridge- 
port, both  on  the  Housatonic  Railroad.  Pop.  in  1870, 
95.276;  in  1880,  112,042;  in  1890,  150,081. 

Fairfield,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Ohio,  has 
an  area  of  about  474  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Hocking  River,  which  rises  in  it,  and  by  Rush  Creek.  The 
surface  of  the  southern  part  is  hilly,  and  the  other  parts 
are  undulating  or  nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  pork,  and  butter  are  the 
staple  products.  The  rocks  which  lie  next  to  the  surface 
are  limestone  and  freestone  (or  sandstone),  a  good  material 
fer  building.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Ohio  Canal,  the  Cin- 
cinnati &  Muskingum  Valley  Railroad,  the  Columbus,  Hock- 
ing Valley  <fc  Toledo  Railroad,  the  Columbus,  Shawnee  & 
Hocking  Valley  Railroad,  and  the  Toledo  <fc  Ohio  Central 
Railroad.  Capital,  Lancaster.  Pop.  in  1870,  31,138;  in 
1«80,  34,284;  in  1890,  33,939. 


Fairfield,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  South 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  775  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Wateree  River,  and  on  the 
S.W.  by  Broad  River.  The  surface  is  diversified  with 
hills,  valleys,  and  extensive  forests  of  oak,  hickory,  <tc. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Rich- 
mond &  Diinville  Railroad,  which  passes  through  Winns- 
borough,  the  capitaL  Pop.  in  1870, 19,888 ;  in  1880,  27,765 ; 
in  1890,  28,599. 

Fairfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Covington  co.,  Ala.,  30 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Evergreen  Station. 

Fairfield,  a  village  of  Pickens  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Tora- 
bigbee  River,  18  miles  N.  of  Gainesville.  It  has  6  stores 
and  a  steam  mill.  Cotton  is  shipped  here.  Here  is  Stone 
Post-Office. 

Fairfield,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ark.,  6  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Pine  Bluff. 

Fairfield,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Solano  co.,  Cal.,  40 
miles  S.W.  of  Sacramento,  and  50  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of 
Suisun  Station.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  600. 

Fairfield,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co..  Conn.,  in  a 
township  of  the  same  name,  on  Long  Island  Sound,  and  on 
the  New  York,  New  Haven  <fc  Hartford  Railroad,  62  miles 
N.E.  of  New  York,  and  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  New  Haven. 
It  has  3  churches  and  2  hotels  for  summer  boarders.  The 
township  is  remarkable  for  beautiful  scenery.  It  contains 
Greenfield  Hill,  Southport,  and  other  villages.  Fairtield  is 
a  port  of  entry.  Pop.  in  1870,  6645,  after  which  date  a 
part  of  the  town  was  merged  in  the  city  of  Bridgeport. 
Pop.  in  1880,  3748;  in  1890,  3868. 

Fairfield,  a  township  of  Bureau  co..  III.     Pop.  748. 

Fairfield,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wayne  co.,  111.,  on 
the  Springfield  Branch  of  the  Ohio  <fc  Mississippi  Railroad, 
129  miles  S.S.E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank, 
a  fine  brick  school-house,  2  flouring-mills,  2  planing-mills, 
a  saw-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill.  Three  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.     Pop.  1881. 

Fairfield,  a  township  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1361. 
It  contains  Fairfield  Centre. 

Fairfield,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
East  Fork  of  Whitewater  River,  about  25  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Richmond.  It  has  2  churches,  graded  schools,  and  manu- 
factures of  buggies  and  carriages.     Pop.  300. 

Fairfield  (Oakford  Post-Office),  a  villiige  of  Howard 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Peru  A  Chicago  Railroad,  5 
miles  S.  of  Kokomo.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Fairfield,  a  township  of  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
17,766,  inclusive  of  Linwood. 

Fairfield,  a  lownshipof  Buena  Vista  co.,  Iowa.    P.  602. 

Fairfield,  a  township  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  614. 

Fairfield,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1542. 
It  contains  Brush  Creek  and  Taylorsville. 

Fairfield,  a  township  of  Grundy  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  836. 

Fairfield,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa,  traversed 
by  the  Maquoketa  River.     Pop.  798. 

Fairfield,  a  city,  capital  of  Jefferson  co.,  Iowa,  is  beau- 
tifully situated  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  <k  Quincy  Rail- 
road, where  it  crosses  the  Kansas  City  Line  of  the  Chicago, 
Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  25  miles  E.  of  Ottumwa, 
50  miles  W.N.W.  of  Burlington,  and  28  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Washington.  It  contains  a  court-house,  10  churches,  na- 
tional, savings,  and  private  banks,  a  public  library,  a  high 
school,  and  Parsons  College  (Presbyterian),  a  commercial 
college,  manufactures  of  wagons,  furniture,  drain-tile,  and 
haying-tools,  2  flour-mills,  a  broom-factory,  and  canning- 
works.  One  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.     Pop.  3391 ;  of  the  township,  4303. 

Fairfield,  a  post-office  of  Wabaunsee  co.,  Kansas,  3 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Alma. 

Fairfield,  a  post-village  of  Nelson  co.,  Ky.,  about  30 
miles  S.E.  of  Louisville.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and 
a  distillery.     Pop.  about  167. 

Fairfield,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  in  Fair- 
field township,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Kennebec  River,  and 
on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  21  miles  N.N.E.  of  Augusta. 
It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  and  manufactures  of  furniture, 
refrigerators,  pulp,  lumber,  and  wooden  novelties,  clothing, 
grist-  and  flour-mills,  and  a  packing-factory.  One  weekly 
newspaper  is  published  here.  Pop.  of  the  township  in 
1890,  3510. 

Fairfield,  a  post-village  of  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  14 
miles  by  rail  VV.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a  church  and  man- 
ufactures of  writing-paper.     Pop.  about  350. 

Fairfield,  a  post-village  of  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  6  miles 
S.  of  Adrian.  It  has  3  churches,  graded  schools,  saw-  and 
flour-mills,  and  manufactures  of  barrels  and  barrel-hoops. 


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Fairfleld,  a  towDthip  of  Shia«raMe«  oo.,  Mich.    P.  977. 
Fairlit'ltl,  a  punt -township  of  Swiftco.,  Minn.    P.  46<i. 
Fairlit>ld,a  station  on  tho  Hastingt  it  Dakota  Kail- 
road,  4  uiiloK  W.  of  Fariuington,  Minn. 

Fairfield,  a  post-hntnlet  of  Uenton  oo.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Poniiue  d«  Terre  itiver,  li  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  about 
43  milet  S.  of  Sedalia.  It  has  2  grist-mills,  a  saw-ui ill,  and 
12  families. 

Fairfield,  a  post-rillage  of  Clay  oo..  Neb.,  56  miles  by 
rail  W.N.W.  of  Fairbury,  and  IS  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Hast- 
ings. It  haa  b  oLurcbes,  2  baniis,  a  college,  a  syrup-foctory, 
»  cigar-faotory,  a  butter-factory,  manufactures  of  lumber, 
and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  about  1600;  of  Fairfield 
township  in  1890,  1903. 

Fairfield,  a  township  of  Cumberland  oo.,  N.J.,  is 
bounded  S.W.  by  Delaware  Bay.  Pop.  3011.  It  contains 
Fairton,  Cedarviile,  &o. 

Fairfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Essex  oo.,  N.J.,  in  Cald- 
well township,  on  the  Passaic  Rirer,  2  miles  S.  of  Moun- 
tain View  Station,  which  is  6  miles  W.  of  Patorson.  It 
has  a  church. 

Fairfield,  a  station  on  the  Freehold  <t  Jamesburg  Rail- 
road, 4  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Freehold,  N.J. 

Fairfield,  a  post-village  of  llerkinior  cc,  N.Y.,  in  Fair- 
field township,  about  IS  miles  E.  of  Utioa.  It  contains  3 
churches,  Fairfield  Academy,  and  a  cheese-factory.  Pop. 
281 ;  of  tho  township,  1573. 

Fairfield,  a  post-hamlot  in  Fairfield  township,  Hyde 
CO.,  N.C.,  on  Mattamuskeet  Lake,  about  56  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Newborn.  It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1145. 

Fairfield,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  0.  Pop.  2431,  ex- 
clusive of  the  city  of  Ilumilton. 

Fairfield,  a  township  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.,  about  20 
miles  S.  of  Youngstown.  Pop.  2652.  It  contains  a  village 
named  Columbiana. 

Fairfield,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  0.,  in  Bath 
township,  on  Mad  River,  near  the  Atlantic  &  Great  West- 
ern Railroad,  IJ  miles  from  Osborn  Station,  and  about  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Dayton.  It  has  2  churches,  u  Hour-mill,  a 
high  school,  and  a  cigar-factory.     Pop.  310. 

Fairfield,  a  township  of  Highland  co.,  0.  Pop.  2565, 
including  Ccntrefield,  East  Monroe,  New  Lexington,  and 
Lees  burg. 

Fairfield,  a  township  of  Huron  co.,  0.  Pop.  1332. 
It  contains  the  village  of  North  Fairfield. 

Fairfield,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  0.  Pop.  1210. 
It  cont.iins  the  village  of  California  or  Big  Plain. 

Fairfield,  a  township  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.  It  has 
beds  of  coal  and  of  black-band  iron  ores.     Pop.  781. 

Fnirfield,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  0.     Pop.  824. 

Fairfield,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Willamette  River,  16  miles  N.  of  Salem.  Much  wheat  is 
here  shipped  by  steamboat. 

Fairfield,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co..  Pa.,  about  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Chambersburg,  and  9  miles  S.W.  of  Gettys- 
burg.    It  has  4  churches  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  258. 

Fairfield,  a  township  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.  Pop.  871. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  railroad  from  Meadville  to  Franklin. 

Fairfield,  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.    See  Cottage. 

Fairfield,  a  township  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.  Pop.  479, 
exclusive  of  Montoursville.     See  Fairfield  Centre. 

Fairfield,  a  township  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.  Pop. 
1895.     It  includes  Bolivar,  West  Fairfield,  Ac. 

Fairfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  co.,  Tenn.,  4  miles 
N.E.  of  Wiirtrace  Depot.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill, 

Fairfield,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Freestone  co.,  Tex., 
60  miles  (direct)  E.  of  Waco,  and  30  miles  W.  of  Palestine. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  a  court-house,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  munufactures  of  tinware  and  agricultural  imple- 
ments.    Pop.  499. 

Fairfield,  a  post-office  of  Utah  co.,  Utah. 

Fairfield,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  oo.,  Vt.,  in  Fair- 
field township,  1^  miles  from  Fairfield  Station,  and  about 
28  miles  N.E.  of  Burlington.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  leather,  carriages,  lumber,  &o.     Pop.  about  350. 

Fairfield,  a  post-village  of  Rockbridge  co.,  Va.,  about 
28  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Staunton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Fairfield,  a  post-village  of  Spokane  co.,  Washington, 
34  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Spokane.  It  has  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  public  schools.     Pop.  150. 

Fairfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rock  co..  Wis.,  on  Turtle 
Creek,  about  13  miles  E.S.E.  of  Janesville.    It  has  a  church. 

Fairfield,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  Prince  Edward 
Island,  57  miles  E.  of  Charlottetown.     Pop.  200. 

Fairfield,  or  Troy,  a  post-village  in  Kent  oo.,  On- 
tario, 18  miles  E.  of  Chatham.     Pop.  150. 


Fairfield  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind., 
in  Fairfield  township,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Fort  Wayne. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  tluur-iiiill. 

Fairfield  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co.,  Me., 
4  miles  W.  of  Fairfield  Station.  It  has  a  church  and  m 
carriage-shop. 

Fairfield  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lycoming  co., 
Pa.,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Williamsport.     It  has  2  ohurohes. 

Fairfield  East,  a  post-village  in  Leeds  co.,  Ontario, 
5i  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Brockvillo.  It  has  a  saw-mill  and  3 
cheese- factories.     Pop.  100. 

FairTord,  a  town  of  England,  on  the  Colne,  at  the  foot 
of  the  Cotswold  Hills,  oo.  and  24  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of 
Gloucester.     Pop.  of  parish,  1626. 

Fair  For'est,  a  post-vilhige  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C., 
2  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Spartanburg.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Fair  (Jar'den,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sevier  co.,  Tenn.,  8 
miles  N.  of  Sevierville.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Fair  Grange,  a  post-villnge  of  Coles  co..  III.,  5  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Charleston.     It  has  2  general  stores. 

Fair  Ground,  a  post-office  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y. 

Fair  Grounds,  a  station  on  the  Missouri,  Kiinsas  d; 
Texas  Railroad,  2  miles  from  Hannibal,  Mo. 

Fair  Grove,  a  township  of  Dickinson  co.,  Iowa.  P.  172. 

Fair  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich.,  9 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Reese.  It  has  3  churches,  a  stave- 
and  heading-factory,  and  a  hoop-factory. 

Fair  Grove,  apojt-village  of  Greene  co..  Mo.,  about  15 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill, 
and  general  stores.     Pop.  about  100. 

Fair  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Davidson  oo.,  N.C. 

Fair  Ha'ven,  a  post-village  of  New  Haven  co.,  Conn., 
on  the  W.  side  of  the  Quinepiac  River,  and  on  the  Shore  Line 
Railroad,  2  miles  E.  of  the  initial  station  in  New  Haven,  of 
which  city  the  village  now  forms  the  11th  and  12th  wards. 
Fair  Haven  East,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Quinepiac,  and  of 
New  Haven  harbor,  forms  the  14th  and  15th  wards  of  the 
city  of  New  Haven.     Pop.  in  1890,  11,320. 

Fair  Haven,  a  post-township  of  Carroll  co..  III.,  12 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Mount  Carroll.  It  has  4  ohurches. 
Pop.  1169. 

Fairhaven,  a  post-office  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa. 

Fair  Haven,  a  post-office  and  watering-place  of  Anne' 
Arundel  co.,  Md.,  on  Chesapeake  Bay,  about  45  miles  S.  of 
Baltimore,  and  18  miles  S.  of  Annapolis.  Here  is  a  largo 
hotel.     Steamboats  ply  between  this  place  and  Baltimore. 

Fairhaven,  a  post-village  of  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Fairhaven  township,  on  Buzzard's  Bay,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Acushnet  River,  and  on  the  Fairhaven  Branch  Rail- 
road, which  connects  with  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  1  mile 
E.  of  New  Bedford,  and  about  54  miles  S.  of  Boston.  It 
contains  5  churches,  2  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  a  library, 
a  public  school,  a  high  school,  a  tack-factory,  and  the  Boston 
<fc  Fairhaven  Iron-works.  It  is  connected  with  New  Bed- 
ford by  a  long  bridge,  and  has  a  good  harbor.  Pop.  of 
township,  2919. 

Fair  Haven,  a  township  of  Huron  co.,  Mich.    P.  769. 

Fair  Haven,  or  Swan  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Ira 
township,  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  on  Anchor  Bay,  in  Lake  St. 
Clair,  9  miles  S.E.  of  New  Haven.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  a  stave-factory,  and  a  brick- 
yard.    Pop.  about  500. 

Fair  Haven,  a  post-village  of  Stearns  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Fair  Haven  township,  near  Clearwater  Lake,  and  about  64 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Minneapolis.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  346. 

Fair  Haven,  a  post-village  of  Monmouth  oo.,  N.J.,  in 
Shrewsbury  township,  on  the  Navasink  River,  2i  miles 
N.E.  of  Red  Bank.  It  has  a  church,  a  carriage-factory,  a 
large  hotel,  and  several  boarding-houses. 

Fair  Haven,  a  post- village  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Sterling  township,  on  Little  Sodus  Bay  of  Lake  Oilliario,  31 
miles  N.  of  Auburn,  and  about  12  miles  S.W.  of  Oswego. 
It  is  the  north  terminus  of  the  Southern  Central  Railroad, 
and  has  a  harbor  2  miles  long  and  1  mile  wide.  It  has  a 
newspaper,  2  churches,  and  2  lumber-mills.  Large  quanti- 
ties of  coal,  brought  from  Pennsylvania,  are  shipped  hero 
on  the  lake.     Pop.  in  1890,  738. 

Fairhaven,  a  hamlet  of  Orleans  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Gaines 
township,  2}  miles  from  Albion.     It  has  a  church. 

Fair  Haven,  a  post-hamlet  of  Moore  co.,  N.C,  on  Deep 
River,  18  miles  W.N.W.  of  Jonesborough  Station.  It  has  a 
flour-mill  and  a  quarry  of  soapstone. 

Fair  Haven,  a  post-village  of  Preble  co.,  0.,  on  Four 
Mile  Creek,  about  22  miles  N.W.  of  Hamilton.  It  has  2 
ohurches,  and  manufactures  of  brooms  and  wagons. 

Fairhaven,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on 


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the  Castlo  Shannon  Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg.     It 
has  a  flour-mill. 

Fair  Haven,  a  post-village  of  Rutland  co.,  Vt..  in  Fair 
Haven  township,  on  Castleton  River,  and  on  the  Delaware 
&  Hudson  Railroad,  16  miles  W.  of  Rutland,  and  9  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Whitehall.  It  contains  8  churches,  2  national 
banks,  a  graded  school,  many  fine  residences,  a  public  park, 
and  quarries  and  manufactories  of  good  marble  and  slate. 
Pop.  in  1890,  2791. 

Fairhaven»  a  post-village  of  AVhatcom  co.,  Washing- 
ton, 26  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Sedro,  and  about  4  miles 
(direct)  S.  of  Whatcom.  It  has  8  churches,  4  banks,  4  news- 
paper offices,  lumber-,  planing-,  and  saw-mills,  a  foundry, 
and  machine-shops.     Pop.  4076. 

Fairha'ven,  or  Deer  Island,  a  post-village  in  Char- 
lotte CO.,  New  Brunswick,  on  an  island  in  Passamaquoddy 
Bay,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  9  miles  S.E.  of 
St.  Andrews.     Pop.  of  island,  1000. 

Fairha'ven,  a  bay  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  Spitzbergen. 
Lat.  79°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  10°  6'  E. 

Fair  Head,  or  Benmore'  Head,  a  lofty  promon- 
tory on  the  northern  coast  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Antrim,  5 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Ballycastle.  It  is  an  immense  body  of 
columnar  greenstone,  530  feet  in  elevation. 

Fair  Ilill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  about  20 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Wilmington,  Del. 

Fair'hope,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  co.,  Pa.,  20  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Cumberland,  Md.  It  has  a  church,  large  lum- 
ber-mills, and  manufactures  of  lire-bricks. 

Fair  Island,  an  island  in  Bonavista  Bay,  Newfound- 
land, 9  miles  from  Green's  Pond.     Pop.  212. 

Fair  Isle  (ile),  Scotland,  is  2.3  miles  S.W.  of  Mainland, 
Shetland  Islands.     Length,  4  miles.     Pop.  226. 

Fair'land,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.,  about  7 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Shelbyville,  and  20  miles  S.E.  of 
Indionapolis.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  district  school. 
Pop.  613. 

Fairland,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md. 

Fair'lee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Kent 
County  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Chestertown.  It  has  a  church. 

Fairlee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  in  Fairlee 
township,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  and  on  the  Passumpsio 
Railroad,  22  miles  N.N.E.  of  White  River  Junction.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  416. 

Fairlee  Lake,  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  is  about  2  miles  W.  of 
the  Connecticut  River,  and  nearly  3  miles  long. 

Fair'ley,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  on  the  coast, 
3  miles  S.  of  Largs.     It  has  an  old  castle.     Pop.  307. 

Fair'mont,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Martin  co., 
Minn.,  17  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Winnebago  City.  It  is 
situated  in  a  fertile  country  diversified  by  prairies  and 
beautiful  small  lakes.  It  has  6  churches,  2  banks,  2  news- 
paper offices,  flour-mills,  a  foundry  and  machine-shop,  and 
a  cigar- factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  1205. 

Fairmont,  a  post-village  in  Washington  township, 
Clarke  co.,  Mo.,  about  30  miles  W,  by  S.  from  Keokuk, 
Iowa,  and  10  miles  S.  of  Lur.ay  Railroad  Station.  It  has 
a  plough-factory.     Pop.  about  150. 

Fairmont,  a  post-village  of  Fillmore  co..  Neb.,  on 
the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  53  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Lincoln,  and  28  miles  E.  of  Harvard.  It  has  a  bank, 
3  churches,  and  a  weekly  newspaper.     Pop.  in  1880,  600. 

Fairmont,  a  hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  2  miles 
from  Washington. 

Fairmont,  a  post-viTlage,  capital  of  Marion  co., 
W.  Va.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Monongahola  River,  and 
on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  302  miles  W.  of  Balti- 
more, and  77  miles  S.E.  of  Wheeling.  A  suspension 
bridge  across  the  river  connects  Fairmont  with  Palatine. 
Fairmont  contains  a  court-house,  6  churches,  2  banks,  a 
state  normal  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  glass-factories, 
and  manufactures  of  flour,  cigars,  furniture,  machinery,  and 
coke.  _  Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1023. 

Fair  Mount,  a  post-village  of  Gordon  co.,  Ga.,  about 
66  miles  N.N.W.  of  Atlanta.     It  has  a  church. 

Fair'mount,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  111.     Pop.  968. 

Fairmonnt,  a  post-village  of  Vermilion  co..  III.,  in 
Vance  township,  13  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Danville.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  bank,  a  tile-factory,  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  649. 

Fairmount,  a  post-village  in  Fairmonnt  township, 
Grant  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Wabash  &  Michigan 
Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of  Marion,  and  56  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Indianapolis.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  2  flour- 
mills,  a  woollen-mill,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  a  planing-mill. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1462;  of  the  township,  2839. 

Fairmount,  a  post-office  of  Jasper  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 


Keokuk  &  Des  Moines  Railroad,  29  miles  £,  by  S.  of  Def 

Moines. 

Fairmount,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas.    P.  261. 

Fairmount,  a  post-village  of  Leavenworth  co.,  Kan- 

sas,   in    Fairmount    township,   and   on    the    Leavenworth 

Branch   of  the   Kansas   Pacific  Railroad,   10  miles  S.  of 

Leavenworth,  and  24  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lawrence.     It  has  3 

churches  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  of  the  township,  875. 

Fairmount,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefierson  co.,  Ky.,  about 

20  miles  S.E.  of  Louisville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Fairmount,  a  village  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  6  milei 
N.W.  of  Belair.  It  has  a  church  and  a  woollen-factory. 
Here  is  High  Point  Post-Office. 

Fairmount,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  CO.,  Md.,  22  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Salisbury,  and  2  miles  from  Chesapeake  Bay.  It 
contains  the  Fairmount  Academy  and  2  churches. 

Fairmount,  a  station  on  the  New  Jersey  &  New  York 
Railroad,  15  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City,  N.J. 

Fair  Mount,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Tewksbury  township,  about  36  miles  N.  of  Trenton.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  public  school,  and  general  stores. 

Fairmount,  a  village  in  the  former  town  of  West 
Farms,  which  in  1873  was  annexed  to  the  city  of  New 
York. 

Fair  Mount,  a  post-hamlet  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of  Syracuse. 

Fairmount,  a  post-village  of  Richland  co.,  N.D.,  14 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Ilankinson,  and  14  miles  S.  of  Wahpeton. 
It  has  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  91. 

Fairmount,  a  village  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  in  Goshen 
township,  about  30  miles  W.  of  Bellaire.     Pop.  125. 

Fairmount,  or  Stock'yard,a  station  in  Hamilton 
CO.,  0.,  3  miles  from  Cincinnati. 

Fairmount,  a  station  in  Clarion  co.,  Pa.,  2  miles  E. 
of  Bostonia  Junction,  and  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Red  Bank 
Furnace.  Much  excellent  coal  is  here  mined  and  shipped, 
and  there  are  beds  of  limestone  and  iron  ore. 

Fairmount,  a  hamlet  in  Little  Britain  township,  Lan- 
caster CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Peach  Bottom  Railroad,  12  or  15 
miles  N.AV.  of  Oxford.     It  has  a  church, 

Fairmount,  a  township  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.  Pop. 
1031.     It  contains  Fairmount  Springs. 

Fairmount,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  Tcnn.,  on 
Walden  Ridge,  10  miles  N.  of  Chattanooga.  It  has  an 
academy  and  2  or  3  churches. 

Fairmount,  a  post-office  of  Sabine  co.,  Tex. 

Fairmount  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa. 

Fair  Oaks,  a  station  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad, 
30  miles  S.E.  of  San  Francisco,  and  22  miles  N.W.  of  San 
Jos6,  Cal. 

Fair  Oaks,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
New  York  &  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Mid- 
dletown.     It  has  a  hotel.     Milk  is  shipped  here. 

Fair  Oaks,  a  post-hamlet  of  Douglas  co.,  Oregon,  on 
the  Calapooya  River,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Oakland  Station.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Fair  Oaks,  a  station  in  Henrico  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Rich- 
mond, York  River  &,  Chesapeake  Railroad,  7  miles  N.£.  of 
Richmond.  In  the  vicinity  was  fought  a  bloody  battle  on 
May  31,  1862. 

Fair^plains',  a  township  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
929.     It  contains  the  hamlet  of  Fenwick. 

Fair  Play,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  El  Dorado  co., 
Cal.,  28  miles  E.  of  Latrobe. 

Fair  Play,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Park  co.,  Col.,  is 
in  the  W.  part  of  the  South  Park,  about  8  miles  S.  of  Sil- 
verheel  Mountain,  and  80  miles  S.W.  of  Denver.  Altitude, 
9764  feet.  It  has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  4  hotels,  and 
3  churches.    Gold  and  silver  are  mined  here.    P.  (1890)301, 

Fair  Play,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Md.,  2 
miles  from  Breathedsville.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  100. 

Fair  Flay,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co..  Mo.,  49  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Osceola,  and  8  miles  (direct)  W.  by  N.  of  Bolivar. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  an  academy, 
and  a  handle-factory.     Pop.  about  700. 

Fair  Play,  Jefferson  co.,  0.     See  Bloomfield  Statioit. 

Fair  Play,  a  post-village  of  Oconee  co.,  S.C,  15  miles 
S.  of  Walhalla.     It  has  a  church  and  about  25  families. 

Fair  Play,  a  post-borough  of  Panola  co.,  Tex.,  27  miles 
S.  by  E.  of  Long  View.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  high 
school. 

Fair  Play,  apost- village  in  Jamestown  township.  Grant 
CO.,  Wis.,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Dunleith,  111.,  and  about  5  miles 
E.  of  Dubuque,  Iowa.     It  has  2  churches. 

Fair  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rice  co.,  Kansas,  in  Union 
township,  on  the  Little  Arkansas  River,  about  14  miles  N.JS. 
of  Atlanta.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-milL 


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Pair  Point,  a  tmall  post-villai;^  of  Goodhue  oo.,  Minn., 
about  '2'2  iniU'8  K.S.E.  of  Vuribault. 

Fair  Point,  or  Point  Chautau'qaa,  a  luinmer 
rcMrt  of  Chautauqua  oo.,  N.V.,  on  ChautHuqua  Lake,  3 
milw  6.S.B.  of  Mayville,  consists  of  several  hundred 
summer  cottages.  The  annual  sessions  of  the  National 
Sunday-School  Assembly  were  first  held  here  in  1875. 

Fair'port,  a  post-village  of  Muscatine  co.,  Iowa,  in 
6«re«tland  township,  on  the  Mississippi  Kiver,  8  miles  above 
Muscntine.  It  haa  a  steaiuboat-landing,  and  6  potteries 
which  manufacture  (tono\Taro.     Pop.  about  186. 

Pairport,  a  post-offlco  of  De  Kalb  co..  Mo. 

Fairport,  a  post-villnge  of  Monroe  eo.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Brie  Canal,  10  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Roohester.    It  contains 

5  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  graded  school, 
several  machine-shops,  and  manufactures  of  solorutus, 
baking-powder,  carriages,  shoes,  soap,  evaporators,  mineral- 
water,  svrup,  preserves,  and  fences.  Pop.  in  1880,  1920 ;  in 
1890,  2552. 

Fairport,  a  village  of  Lake  co.,  0.,  about  3  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Painesville.  It  has  a  church,  marine  supplies, 
Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1171. 

Fair  Port,  a  post-office  of  Northumberland  oo.,  Va. 

Fair'ton,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  oo.,  N.J.,  in 
Fairfield  township,  on  Cohansey  Creek,  and  on  the  Bridgeton 

6  Port  Norris  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Bridgeton.  It  has  2 
churches  and  manufactures  of  glass. 

FairView',  a  post-office  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Ala. 

Fairview,  a  hamlet  of  Carroll  co..  Ark.,  about  48  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Fayetteville.  Near  it  are  3  ohurcbes.  Here  is 
Ossige  Post-Office. 

Fairview,  a  post-bomlet  of  Dallas  co.,  Ark.,  17  miles 
E.S.B.  of  Arkadelphia.     It  has  2  churches. 

Fair  View,  o  hamlet  of  Volusia  co.,  Fla.,  on  the  Hills- 
borough River,  about  1  mile  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean. 

Fair  View,  a  post-office  of  Chattooga  co.,  Ga.,  5  miles 
W.  of  Summerville. 

Fairview,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Owyhee  co., 
Idaho,  in  the  valley  of  Snake  River,  203  miles  N.  of  Win- 
ncmucca,  Nevada.     Here  are  mines  of  gold  and  silver. 

Fairview,  a  post- village  of  Fulton  co.,  III.,  in  Fairview 
township,  about  32  miles  W.S.W.  of  Peoria.  It  has  2 
churches,  an  academy,  a  flour-mill,  a  furniture-factory,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  2  banks.     Pop.  492. 

Fairview,  Richland  co.,  111.    See  Calhobn. 

Fairview,  a  township  of  Fayetto  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  fiOl. 
It  contains  the  village  of  Groves,  sometimes  called  Fairview. 

Fairview,  a  station  in  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  on  tho  Terre 
Haute  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Indianapolis. 

Fairview,  a  post-village  in  Greene  township,  Ran- 
dolph CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Mississinewa  River,  about  14  miles 
N.E.  of  Muncie.     Pop.  142. 

Fairview,  a  township  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Mississippi  River.     Pop.  492. 

Fairview,  a  townsnip  of  Jasper  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1689, 
exclusive  of  Monroe. 

Fairview,  a  post-village  of  Jones  co.,  Iowa,  in  Fair- 
view  township,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Anamosa,  and  about  20  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Cedar  Rapids.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  2.38;  of 
the  township,  exclusive  of  Anamosa,  1173. 

.  Fairview,  a  township  of  Monona  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Missouri  River.     Pop.  404. 

Fairview,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  873. 

Fairview,  a  hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa,  10  miles  S.  of 
Indianola.     It  has  2  churches.     Here  is  Sharon  Post-Office. 

Fairview,  a  post- village  of  Brown  co.,  Kansas,  6  miles 
by  railS.E.  of  Sabetha.and  10  miles  (direct)  W.  of  Hiawatha, 
It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  lumber-mills, 
and  general  stores.     Pop.  500. 

Fairview,  a  township  of  Labette  oo.,  Kansas.    P.  826. 

Fairview,  a  township  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas.    P.  858. 

Fairview,  a  township  of  Russel!  eo.,  Kansas.    P.  1563. 

Fairview,  a  post-village  of  Todd  co.,  Ky.,  about  7 
miles  N.W.  of  Elkton.  It  has  2  churches,  a  public  school, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  tobacco-factory.  Pop,  183.  Jefl^erson 
Daviswas  born  here. 

Fairview,  a  village  of  Lewis  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ohio 
River.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill  (for  stone),  2  stores, 
and  a  quarry  of  freestone. 

Fairview,  a  post-office  ond  steamboat-landing  of  Con- 
eordia  parish.  La.,  on  the  Mississippi  River. 

Fairview,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Md.,  about 
16  miles  W.  of  Hagerstown. 

Fairview,  a  township  of  Lyon  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  175. 

Fairview,  a  post-office  of  Union  co..  Miss. 

Fairview,  a  township  of  Caldwell  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  910. 
It  contains  Proctorvillo. 


Fairview,  a  township  of  Livingston  oo..  Mo.     P.  1006. 

Fairview,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nodaway  oo..  Mo.,  14  milei 
S.W.  of  Maryville. 

Fairview,  a  village  of  Central  township,  St.  Louii 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  St. 
Louis.     It  has  a  church. 

Fairview,  a  post-village  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  in  Ridge- 
field  t«wnshin,  on  the  Northern  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  8 
miles  N.  of  Jersey  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Fairview,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y., 
about  42  miles  S.S.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  a  church,  a  cheese- 
factory,  and  7  houses. 

Fairview,  Long  Island.    See  Genola. 

Fairview,  a  post-village  of  Buncombe  co.,  N.C.,  about 
9  miles  S.E.  of  Asheville.  It  has  2  churches,  2  flour-mills, 
2  saw-mills,  and  a  high  school.  Pop.  of  Fairview  town- 
ship, 779. 

Fairview,  a  post-village  of  Guernsey  co.,  0.,  In  Oxford 
township,  about  30  miles  W,  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va.,  and  7 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Barnesville.  It  has  3  churches  and  m 
union  school.     Pop.  377. 

Fairview,  Harrison  co.,  0.    See  Jewett. 

Fairview,  Wayne  co.,  0.    See  Burton  Citv. 

Fairview,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coos  co.,  Oregon,  50  milci 
W.  of  Roseburg.  It  has  a  lumber-mill.  Coal  is  mined 
near  it. 

Fairview,  a  hamlet  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.,  in  Ohio  town- 
ship, 10  miles  W.  of  Beaver,  and  1  mile  from  Ohiovillo 
Post-Office.  It  has  2  churches  and  2  general  stores.  Pop. 
about  100.     Excellent  soft  coal  abounds  here. 

Fairview,  a  borough  of  Butler  co..  Pa.,  in  Fairview 
township,  1^  miles  from  Petrolia  Railroad  Station,  and  about 
30  miles  S.  of  Oil  City.  It  has  4  churches,  public  graded 
schools,  several  oil-wells,  and  fountains  of  gas  which  is  used 
for  fuel  and  light.  Here  is  Baldwin  Post-Office.  Pop.  in 
1890,  303;  of  the  township,  1996. 

Fairview,  a  hamlet  of  Cambria  co.,  Pa.,  in  Jackson 
township,  3  miles  from  Mineral  Point  Railroad  Station.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

Fairview  (West  Fairview  Post-Office),  a  village  of 
Cumberland  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on 
the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  1  or  2  miles  above  Harris- 
burg.  It  has  3  churches,  a  nail-factory,  and  a  saw-mill. 
Pop.  about  1000. 

Fairview,  a  post-borough  of  Erie  co.,  Pa.,  in  Fairview 
township,  on  the  Lake  Shore  <fe  Michigan  Southern  Rail- 
road and  the  Erie  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of 
Erie,  and  2  miles  from  Lake  Erie.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
graded  school,  a  planing-mill,  and  manufactures  of  car- 
riages, sash,  blinds,  &c.    Pop.  480;  of  the  township,  1674, 

Fairview,  a  station  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  in 
Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  15  miles  S.  of  Wilkesbarre.  It  is  cele- 
brated for  its  fine  view  of  the  Wyoming  Valley.  Here  is 
Mountain  Top  Post-Office. 

Fairview,  a  township  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.  Pop.  920.  It 
contains  Fredonia,  and  a  hamlet  called  Fairview. 

Fairview,  a  township  of  York  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Susque- 
hanna.    Pop.  1941.     It  contains  New  Market. 

Fairview,  a  post-township  of  Greenville  co.,  6.C.,  19 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Greenville.  It  has  4  churches,  2  academics, 
and  a  cotton-factory.     Pop.  1749. 

Fairview,  a  post-office  of  Anderson  co.,  Tenn. 

Fair  View,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilson  co.,  Tex.,  28  miles 
S.S.E.  of  San  Antonio.     It  has  ?  churches  and  a  mill. 

Fair  View,  a  post-village  of  San  Pete  eo.,  Utah,  28  miles 
by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Manti.  It  has  3  churches,  2  academies, 
a  flour-mill,  saw-mills,  &o.     Pop.  in  1890,  844, 

Fairview,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Va.,  in  the  valley 
of  the  Clinch  River,  49  miles  W.  of  Bristol,  Tenn. 

Fairview,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hancock  co.,  W. 
Va.,  about  38  miles  N.  of  Wheeling,  and  3  miles  E.  of 
Cumberland.  It  hns  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  several 
stores,  and  general  business  houses.     Pop.  226. 

Fairview,  a  village  of  Marion  co.,  W.  Va.,  6  miles 
from  Farmington  Station.  It  hns  2  churches,  manufactures 
of  carpets  and  furniture,  and  2  flour-mills. 

Fairview,  a  hamlet  of  Taylor  co.,  W.  Va.,  3  miles 
from  Flemington.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Fairview,  a  village  of  Grant  eo.,  Wis.,  3  miles  S.  of 
Cuba  City,  and  about  11  miles  S.  of  Platteville.  It  has  a 
graded  school  and  a  smelting-furnace  for  lead. 

Fairview  Village,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co., 
Pa.,  4  miles  N.N.W.  of  Norristown.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
large  creamery,  a  tannery,  and  other  business  houses. 

Fair'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saline  co.,  Mo.,  8  miles  S. 
of  Miami.     It  has  a  church  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  lOi). 

Fairville,  a  post-village  in  Arcadia  township,  Wayne 


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00.,  N.Y.,  1  mile  from  the  Sodus  Point  &  Southern  Railroad, 
8  miles  N.  of  Newark,  and  about  30  miles  E.  of  Rochester. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  154. 

Fairville,  a  post-village  of  Chester  oo.,  Pa.,  33  miles 
by  mil  W.S.W.  of  Philadelphia.  Here  is  a  boarding-house 
for  summer  boarders. 

Fair'ville,  a  post-village  in  St.  John  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  the  river  St.  John,  3  miles  by  rail  W.  of  St.  John. 
It  contains  several  churches,  the  provincial  lunatic  asylum, 
and  a  number  of  mills  and  factories.     Pop.  1500. 

Fair  Water,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fond  du  Lac  co..  Wis., 
5  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Brandon,  and  about  24  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Fond  du  Lac.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a 
creamery. 

Fairway  Rock,  one  of  the  Diomede  Islasds. 

Fair'weather,  a  mountain  of  Alaska,  35  miles  N.E. 
of  Cape  Fairweather,  is  stated  to  have  an  elevation  of 
14,782  feet. 

Fair  Weath'er,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co..  111. 

Fairwealher's  Island,  at  the  entrance  of  Black 
Rock  Harbor,  Conn.  On  it  is  a  light-house,  lat.  41°  8' 
24"  N.,  Ion.  73°  13'  30"  W. 

Faison,  fa'spn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Duplin  co.,  N.C.,  on 
the  Wilmington  &  Weldon  Railroad,  21  miles  S.  of  Golds- 
borough.     It  has  a  church  and  a  high  school. 

Faisonia,  fa-so'ne-a,  a  post-office  and  shipping-point 
•f  Sunflower  co..  Miss.,  on  the  Sunflower  River,  about  ISO 
miles  N.  of  Vicksburg. 

Faith,  apost-village  of  Jefferson  co..  Ark.,  10  miles  S.W. 
of  Pine  Bluft'.  It  has  (i  church,  an  academy,  and  manufac- 
tures of  lumber  and  railroad  timber  and  brooms.    Pop.  100. 

Faizabad,  India.    See  Fyzabad. 

Faizapoor,  a  town  of  India.     See  Fyzapoor. 

Fajardo,  or  Faxardo,  fi-nau'do,  a  town  of  Porto 
Rico,  on  the  E.  coast,  5  miles  S.  of  the  N.E.  angle  of  that 
island.  It  has  a  fine  harbor,  telegraph  lines  to  other  West 
Indian  ports  and  to  the  United  States,  a  small  theatre,  and 
a  church.     Pop.  3500. 

Fajcnimia,  fi-j6m'me*a,  a  fortified  town  of  Senegam- 
bia,  in  Konkodoo,  and  the  residence  of  its  chief,  120  miles 
S.E.  of  Fatteconda.     Lat.  12°  50'  N.;  Ion.  10°  35'  W. 

Fa'kenhani-Lanc'aster,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Norfolk,  on  the  AVensum,  and  on  a  railway,  24  miles  N.W. 
of  Norwich.     It  has  a  magnificent  church.     Pop.  1831. 

Fak-Who-Mun,  or  Fa-Kuo-Mun,  a  town  of  Miin- 
chooria,  province  of  Leao-Tong,  near  the  palisade  wall,  and 
60  miles  N.  of  Alookden.     Pop.  12,000. 

Fal ,  fil,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Cornwall,  flows  S.S.W. 
into  the  estuary  which  forms  Falmouth  Harbor. 

Falaba,  fd-li'bi,  a  fortified  town  of  Senegambia,  capi- 
tal of  Soolimana,  215  miles  N.E.  of  Sierra  Leone.  Pop. 
6000  (?). 

Falaise,  fi^liz'  (anc.  Fah'ria  f),  a  town  of  France,  in 
Calvados,  on  an  elevated  but  broken  flat,  bordering  on  a 
rocky  precipice,  or  falaise,  whence  its  name,  23  miles  (35 
by  rail)  S.S.E.  of  Caen.  It  consists  of  three  distinct  parts, 
— the  town  proper,  almost  completely  surrounded  by  old 
walls ;  the  suburbs  of  St.  Laurent  and  Val  d'Ante,  e.xtend- 
ing  into  the  narrow  ravine  below  the  precipice  on  which  the 
town  stands;  and  the  suburb  of  Guibray,  sometimes  called 
the  high  town,  and  situated  on  a  height  about  1  mile  E. 
The  situation  is  very  picturesque,  but  the  streets  are  ir- 
regular, the  houses  generally  indifi'erent,  and  the  appearance 
of  the  town  dull.  The  churches  of  St.  Laurent,  St.  Gervais, 
and  St.  Guibray,  the  town  house,  general  hospital,  Ilotel- 
Dieu,  and  public  library,  are  deserving  of  notice;  but  the 
great  object  of  attraction  is  the  castle  and  the  birthplace  of 
William  the  Conqueror.  It  occupies  a  commanding  posi- 
tion on  a  promontory  connected  with  the  plateau  on  which 
the  town  is  built  on  one  side  only,  and  isolated  on  the  others 
by  steep  ravines,  and  before  the  invention  of  gunpowder 
was  a  place  of  great  strength.  It  is  now  only  a  grand  and 
picturesque  ruin.  A  colossal  bronze  equestrian  statue  of 
the  Conqueror,  by  Louis  Rochet,  stands  here.  Falaise  is 
the  seat  of  a  court  of  first  resort  and  commerce.  Its  trade 
consists  of  wool,  horses,  cattle,  and  the  manufactures  of 
the  town,  comprising  cotton,  hosiery,  lace,  cotton  goods, 
leather,  and  paper.     Pop.  8120. 

Falalu,  fd-li-loo',  one  of  the  Caroline  Islands,  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  N.W.  of  Ilogolen, 

Falces,  fil'this,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  29 
miles  S.W.  of  Pamplona.  Pop.  2745,  It  has  mineral 
iprings,  and  ruins  of  a  Roman  castle. 

Falcet,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Falset. 

Falciu,  a  town  of  Roumania.     See  Faltsi. 

Falcon,  fil-kon',  a  state  of  Venezuela,  bounded  N.  by 
the  Caribbean  Sea,  and  further  enclosed  by  the  states  of  Lara 


and  Los  Andes  and  by  the  republic  of  Colombia.  Area, 
36,212  square  miles.  Coal,  petroleum,  asphalt,  jet,  and 
lead  ores  exist  here.     Capital,  Coro.     Pop.  205,347. 

Fal'con,  a  post-village  of  Nevada  oo..  Ark.,  20  miles 
S.E.  of  Hope,  and  about  40  miles  E,  of  Texarkana.  It  has 
2  churches. 

Falcon,  a  post-village  of  El  Paso  co..  Col.,  19  miles  by 
rail  N.E.  of  Colorado  Springs.  It  has  a  church,%n  academy, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  168. 

Falcon,  a  post-village  of  McNairy  co.,  Tenn.,  41  miles 
by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Jackson.     It  has  a  church. 

Falconara,  f41-ko-n4'r4,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
10  miles  W.  of  Cosenza.     Pop,  1724. 

Fal'coner,  a  post-village  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N,Y.,  in 
Ellicott  township,  on  the  Dunkirk,  Alleghany  Vulley  & 
Pittsburg  Railroad,  3  miles  N,  of  Jamestown,  32  miles  S. 
by  E.  of  Dunkirk,  and  half  a  mile  from  the  crossing  of  the 
Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad.     It  has  a  church, 

Falconera,  or  Falkonera,  f41-ko-nd'r4,  a  small 
island  in  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  45  miles  from  the  S.E, 
coast  of  the  Morea,  and  28  miles  N.W.  of  Milo.  Lat.  36° 
50'  40"  N.;  Ion.  23°  54'  E. 

Falczy,  a  town  of  Roumania.    See  Faltsi, 

Falem^,  fAMd'mi,  Falemeh,  fiMi'mdh,  or  Ba  (b&) 
Falem^,  a  river  of  Senegambia,  an  affluent  of  the  Sene- 
gal, which  it  joins  15  miles  N.W.  of  Galam,  in  lat,  14°  40' 
N.,  Ion.  11°  48'  W.,  after  a  N.  course  of  200  miles. 

Faleria,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Falaise. 

Falkenau,  firk?h-now\  a  town  of  Bohemia.,  on  a  rail- 
way, 5  miles  W.S.W.  of  Elbogen,  on  the  Eger.     Pop.  3329. 

Falkenberg,  firk§n-bdHo\  a  fortified  town  of  Prus- 
sian Silesia,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Oppeln.     Pop.  1900. 

Falkenberg,  firk§n-b6KG\  a  seaport  town  of  Sweden, 
lasn  and  20  miles  N.W.  »f  Halmstad,  with  a  small  harbor 
and  an  active  salmon-fishery.     Pop.  1245. 

Falkcnbarg,  f41'k?n-booRG\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Pomerania,  47  miles  S.  of  Coslin.     Pop.  3603. 

Falkcnstein,  fifk^n-stlne^,  a  town  of  Saxony,  at  a 
railway  junction,  11  miles  E.  of  Plauen.     Pop.  5052, 

Falkinghani,  England.    See  Folkingiiam. 

Falk'ington,  a  township  of  Sangamon  co..  III.   P.  973. 

Falkirk,  fil-kjrk'  (commonly  pronounced  in  Scotland 
faw-kirk'),  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Stirling,  on  an  emi- 
nence at  the  S.W.  extremity  of  the  fertile  tract  called  the 
Carse  of  Falkirk,  24  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Edinburgh. 
It  has  a  town  house,  a  parish  church,  numerous  schools,  a 
public  library,  several  branch  banks,  a  foundry,  and  some 
small  manufactures.  The  Carron  and  other  iron-works  are 
near  the  town,  which  is  famous  for  its  three  annual 
trysts,  the  largest  cattle-fairs  in  Scotland.  Falkirk  unites 
with  Linlithgovir,  Lanark,  Hamilton,  and  Airdrie  in  send- 
ing one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Hero  was 
fought,  a.d.  1298,  a  battle  between  the  troops  of  Sir  William 
Wallace  and  of  Edward  I.,  when  the  latter  was  victorious ; 
also,  in  1746,  an  engagement  between  the  Highlanders,  under 
Prince  Charles  Edward,  and  the  English  army.  Pop.,  with 
suburbs,  in  1881,  15,599;  in  1891,  17,307. 

Fal'kirk,  a  station  on  theCanandaigua,  Batavia  ATona- 
wanda  Railroad,  15  miles  W.  of  Batavia,  N.Y. 

Fal'kirk,  or  Carlisle,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  Siddell's  Creek,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Ailsa  Craig. 
It  has  good  water-power,  a  saw-  and  grist-mill,  and  a  cloth- 
factory.     Pop.  200. 

Falkjopmg,  a  town  of  Sweden.    See  Falkopino. 

Falkland,  fawk'land,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife, 
at  the  foot  of  East  Lomond  Hill,  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Edin- 
burgh. The  only  object  of  interest  is  the  palace,  a  favorite 
hunting-seat  of  the  Scottish  monarchs.  The  chief  part  of 
the  present  edifice  was  built  by  James  V.,  who  died  here. 
Pop.  of  borough,  1144;  of  the  village,  additional,  1283. 

Falkland,  fawk'land,  a  post-village  of  Pitt  co.,  N.C., 
on  the  Tar  River,  about  65  miles  E,  of  Raleigh.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Falkland,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Foster's. 

Falk'land  Islands  (Fr.  Malouinet,  m&Moo-ecn';  Sp. 
Malvinas,  mil-vee'nis),  an  island  group  in  the  South  At- 
lantic Ocean,  forming  a  crown  colony  of  Great  Britain,  con- 
sisting altogether  of  some  200  islands,  large  and  small,  250 
miles  N,E.  of  Terra  del  Fuego,  between  lat.  61°  and  53°  S, 
and  Ion.  57°  and  62°  AV.  Only  two  of  these  islands  are  of 
any  considerable  size;  they  are  called,  respectively.  East 
and  West  Falkland,  and  are  separated  from  each  other  by  a 
sound  (see  Falkland  Sound)  varying  in  breadth  from  2i  to 
18  miles.  East  Falkland  is  about  85  miles  in  length  and 
about  53  miles  in  breadth  ;  area,  2700  square  miles.  West 
Falkland  is  80  miles  long  by  about  40  broad ;  area,  2000 
square  miles.    The  other  islands  are  mostly  mere  islets  and 


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roekt.  Tha  whole  group  U  indented  in  »  remarkable  man- 
••r  bjr  bays,  harbon,  and  sounds;  two  of  the  latt«r,  Choi^cul 
and  Uranth&m,  penetrating  so  deeply  into  either  side  of 
Bast  Falkland  as  nearly  to  divide  it  into  two  parts. 

The  general  appearance  of  the  islands  is  by  no  means 
attractive.  Ki<l-;o8  of  rocky  hills,  about  1000  foet  in  height, 
•rarerae  oxtonsivo  tracts  of  sombre  moorland,  unenlivened 
|>j  a  tr«o,  Vnd  limited,  seaward,  by  a  low,  rocky  cooft,  on 
rhioh  the  surf  boats  with  violence.  On  the  N.  i)art  of  East 
Falkland  the  hills  attain  a  oonsidernble  elevation,  but  the 
whole  of  the  S.  portion  is  low.  Scarcely  any  view  can  be 
more  dismal  than  that  from  the  heights:  moorland  and 
black  bog  extend  os  far  as  the  eye  can  discern,  intersected 
by  innumerable  streams  and  ])ools.  The  soil  is  generally 
peat,  although  much  of  what  seems  to  be  a  barren  moor  is 
solid  sandy  clay,  covered  by  a  thin  layer  of  vegetable  mould, 
on  which  grow  shrubby  bushes  and  a  coarse  grass,  affording 
imiple  nourishment  to  cattle. 

The  climate  is  equable  and  remarkably  healthful,  there 
being  no  extremes  of  either  heat  or  cold.  The  ordinary 
range  of  the  thermometer  is  between  30°  and  bO"  in  winter, 
and  from  40°  to  65°  in  summer.  Rain  and  high  winds  are 
frequent,  but  lightning  and  thunder  are  rare.  A  peculiar 
feature  of  the  Falklands  is  the  entire  destitution  of  trees ; 
but  there  is  a  great  variety  of  sweet-scented  flowers,  which, 
in  November  and  December,  nearly  cover  the  ground.  The 
tussao  gross  is  the  most  useful  and  singular  plant  in  the 
flora  of  these  islands.  It  covers  all  the  small  islands  of  the 
group  like  a  forest  of  miniature  palms,  and  thrives  best  on 
the  stioros  exposed  to  the  spray  of  the  sea.  So  far  as  tried, 
the  useful  kinds  of  vcgctiiblos  and  green  crops  generally 
have  thriven ;  but  fruits  and  wheat  do  not  ripen. 

The  rearing  of  cattle  and  sheep  is  the  principal  industry, 
and  hides  and  wool  are  the  startle  exports.  The  very  few 
animals  landed  originally  by  the  Buenos  Ayreans  and  others 
have  gone  on  increasing  rapidly  in  numbers.  The  wild 
horses  of  the  islands,  of  which  there  are  thousands,  are 
highly  thought  of.  Pigs  and  rabbits  are  plentiful.  The 
numerous  creeks  abound  with  fish,  which  are  caught  in  large 
quantities  by  the  simplest  means.  Sea-elephants  and  scul 
frequent  the  shores,  and  whales  resort  to  the  surrounding 
waters,  though  now  in  diminished  numbers.  There  are  no 
reptiles  of  any  kind  in  the  Falkland  Islands,  and  of  the 
quadrupeds  a  peculiar  species  of  fox  is  the  only  indigenous 
animal. '  The  people  are  of  British  and  Spanish- American 
descent,  for  these  islands  were  uninhabited  when  discovered. 
The  principal  birds  are  geese,  snipes,  ducks,  hawks,  vul- 
tures, albatrosses,  gulls,  petrels,  penguins,  Ac,  and  a  very 
few  land-birds. 

The  Falkland  Islands  were  discovered  by  Davis  on  the 
14th  of  August,  1592.  In  1710  a  French  vessel  from  St. 
Malo  touched  at  them,  and  named  them  Isles  Malouines. 
Settlements  were  afterwards  formed  on  them  by  the  French, 
Spaniards,  and  English  alternately,  but  the  latter  ultimately 
retained  possession  of  them.  The  colony  has  a  governor, 
bishop,  and  other  officers,  appointed  by  the  crown.  Capi- 
tal, Stanley.     Pop.  in  1881,  1553;  in  1891,  1789. 

Falk'land  Sounds  a  narrow  strait  separating  East 
and  West  Falkland  Islands  from  each  other.  It  extends 
45  miles  in  a  N.  and  S.  direction,  varying  in  breadth  from 
24  to  18  miles.  The  E.  side  of  the  sound  is  low,  with  gently 
undulating  hills,  seldom  exceeding  150  feet  in  height.  The 
W.  side  is  high  and  bold,  forming  a  singular  ridge,  vary- 
in^from  300  to  500  feet  in  height. 

Falkner,  fawk'n?r,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tippah  eo..  Miss., 
on  the  railroad  between  Ripley  and  Middleton,  Tenn.  It 
has  a  church. 

Falkner's  Island.    See  Faulkxer's  Island. 

Falk5ping«  or  Falkjoping,  fil'cho'ping,  a  town  of 
Sweden,  Isen  of  Skaraborg,  at  a  railway  junction,  38  miles 
S.W.  of  Mariestad,  near  which,  in  1388,  Albert,  King  of 
Sweden,  was  defeated  by  Margaret  of  Denmark.     P.  2213. 

Falk's  (fawks)  Store,  a  post-office  of  Ada  co.,  Idaho. 

Falkville,  fawk'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  18  miles  S.  of  De- 
catur.    Pop.  100. 

Fal'lansburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  4 
miles  N.  of  Lowell. 

Fall  Branch,  a  village  of  Washington  co.,  Tenn., 
about  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Jonesborough.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-miil. 

Fall  Brook,  a  post-village  of  San  Diego  co.,  Cal.,  53 
miles  by  rail  N.  by  JB.  of  San  Diego.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  high  school.     Pop,  415. 

Fall  Brook,  a  post-torough  of  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  8  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Blossburg.  It  has  2  churches,  coal-  and 
iron-ore-mines.    Pop.  in  1890,  825. 


Fall  City,  a  post-office  of  King  eo.,  Washington. 

Fall  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dunn  co.,  Wis.,  about  11 
miles  S.E.  of  Menomonce. 

Fall  Creek,  Indiana,  rises  in  Henry  eo.,  drains  parts 
of  Madison  ond  Hamilton  cos.,  runs  southwestward,  and 
enters  the  White  River  about  1  mile  above  Indianapolis. 
It  is  nearly  75  miles  long,  ond  affords  motive-power  for 
many  mills. 

Fall  Creek,  Now  York,  rises  in  Cayuga  co.,  runs  south- 
ward into  Tompkins  eo.,  and  enters  Cayuga  Lake  at  Ithaca. 

Fall  CrceK,  a  post-offlce  of  Adams  co.,  111.,  in  Fall 
Creek  township,  on  tne  Quincy,  Alton  A  St.  Louis  Railroad, 
at  the  junction  of  the  Hannibal  Branch,  12  miles  S.  of 
Quincy.     Pop.  of  the  township,  990. 

Fail  Creek,  atownshipof  Hamilton  CO.,  Ind.     P.  15.10. 

Fall  Creek,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  2905. 
It  contains  Middletown,  Mcohanicsburg,  and  Honey  Creek. 

Fall  Creek,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
2483.     It  includes  Huntsville  and  Pendleton. 

Fall  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Chatham  co.,  N.C. 

Fall  Creek,  a  township  of  Yadkin  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  1192, 

Fall  Creek,  a  locality  in  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  3  miles 
N.E.  of  Barclay.  It  is  the  terminus  of  a  branch  railroad 
connecting  with  the  Pennsylvania  A  New  York  Railroad. 
Here  are  very  productive  mines  of  semi-bituminous  coal. 

Fall  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Bedford  co.,  Tenn.,  8 
miles  (direct)  N.  by  W.  of  Sliclby  ville.     It  has  a  gri.«t-raHl. 

Fall  Creek,  a  post-villnge  of  Eau  Claire  co..  Wis.,  in 
Lincoln  township,  2  miles  from  the  Eau  Claire  River,  and 
12  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Eau  Claire.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
flour-mill,  and  manufactures  of  wagons  and  sleighs.  Pop. 
about  400. 

Fall  Creek  Depot,  a  post-office  of  Pittsylvania  co., 
Va.,  on  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Dan 
ville. 

Fall'en  Timber,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind. 

Fallersleben,  fil'l^rs-li^b^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Ilonover,  25  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Hanover.     Pop.  1557. 

Fall'ing  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Lenoir  co.,  N.C,  on 
the  Atlantic  A  North  Carolina  Railroad,  20  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Goldsborough.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  a 
flour-mill. 

Falling  River,  Virginia,  runs  southward  through 
Campbell  co.,  and  enters  the  Staunton  River. 

Falling  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co..  Pa.,  10 
miles  W.  of  Duncannon.     It  has  a  church. 

Falling  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Greenbrier  co.,  W.  Va. 

Falling  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Douglas  co..  Mo. 

Falling  Water,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Hamilton 
CO.,  Tenn.,  10  miles  from  Chattanooga. 

Falling  Water  Creek,  Tennessee,  intersects  White 
CO.,  runs  westward,  and  enters  Caney  Fork  in  De  Kalb  co. 

Falling  Waters,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berkeley  co.,  W. 
Va.,  on  the  Potomac  River,  and  on  the  Cumberland  Valley 
Railroad,  near  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  9  miles  from 
Martinsburg,  and  about  90  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Baltimore. 
It  has  a  flouring-mill. 

Fall  Leaf,  a  post-hamlet  of  Leavenworth,  Kansas,  on 
the  N.  bank  of  the  Kansas  River,  and  on  the  Kansas  Pacific 
Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of  Lawrence. 

Fal'lowfield,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Monongahela  River.     It  contains  much  coal. 

Fall  River,  Iowa,  rises  near  the  E.  border  of  Delaware 
CO.,  and,  flowing  southeastward,  enters  the  Maquoketa  River 
in  Jackson  co. 

Fall  River,  Kansas,  drains  a  large  part  of  Greenwood 
CO.,  runs  southeastward  through  AVilson  co.,  and  enters  the 
Verdigris  River  in  Montgomery  co.   Length,  about  100  miles. 

Fall  River  rises  in  the  National  Park  of  the  Yellow- 
stone, runs  nearly  southwestward  into  Idaho,  and  enters 
Henry's  Fork  of  the  Snake  River.  It  forms  a  number  of 
cataracts,  one  of  which  is  called  the  Great  Falls. 

Fall  River,  a  township  of  La  Salle  co..  III.,  on  the 
Illinois  River.     Pop.  523. 

Fall  River,  a  post-village  of  Greenwood  co.,  Kansas, 
12  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Severy,  and  27  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of 
Eureka.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  and 
2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  900. 

Fall  River,  a  city  and  port  of  entry  of  Bristol  co., 
Mass.,  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  E.  bank  of  Taunton 
River,  at  its  mouth,  and  on  Mount  Hope  Bay,  which  is  the 
northeastern  part  of  Narragansett  Bay.  By  railroad  it  is 
49  miles  S.  of  Boston,  19  miles  N.N.E.  of  Newport,  and  18 
miles  S.E.  of  Providence,  R.I.  It  is  connected  with  these 
cities  by  the  Old  Colony  Railroad  and  the  Providence,  War- 
ren A  Fall  River  Railroad,  and  with  New  Bedford  (13  milei 
disUnt)  by  the  Fall  River  A  New  Bedford  Railroad.    It  i4 


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1159 


FAL 


well  built,  having  many  buildings  constructed  of  fine 
granite  quarried  in  the  vicinity.  It  contains  35  churches, 
7  national  banks,  4  savings-banks,  a  public  library  of 
36,000  volumes,  a  high  school,  a  convent,  a  handsome 
granite  city  hall,  and  a  custom-house.  Three  daily  and  7 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Large  steam- 
packets  ply  daily  between  Fall  River  and  New  York.  Its 
prosperity  is  mainly  derived  from  manufactures  of  cotton, 
nails,  machinery,  and  other  products;  it  being  specially 
noted  for  its  cotton-factories,  of  which  there  are  65  mills, 
with  2,128,228  spindles.  In  1890  the  incorporated  capital 
of  the  40  companies  owning  these  mills  was  $20,643,000.  The 
city  has  abundant  hydraulic  power  furnished  by  the  out- 
let of  Watuppa  Pond,  which  descends  about  130  feet  in  the 
course  of  half  a  mile.  The  capital  invested  here  in  manu- 
factures is  nearly  $40,000,000.  The  harhor  of  Fall  River  is 
safe,  capacious,  and  deep  enough  to  admit  vessels  of  the 
largest  class.  The  city  is  supplied  with  good  water  brought 
from  Watuppa  Pond.  Incorporated  as  a  city  in  1854. 
Pop.  in  1870,  26,766  ;  in  1880,  48,961 ;  in  1890,  74,398. 

Fall  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Tenn.,  14 
miles  N.W.  of  Pulaski,  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and 
a  saw-mill. 

Fall  River,  a  post-village  of  Columbia cc,  Wis.,  on  the 
Crawfish  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <t  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  24  miles  E.S.E.  of  Portage.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  259. 

Fall  River  lUills,  a  post-village  of  Shasta  cc,  Cal,, 
69  miles  N.E.  of  Redding.  It  has  a  brewery,  a  saw-mill, 
and  a  flour-mill. 

Falls,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area 
of  about  670  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Brazos 
River,  and  also  drained  by  Brushy  and  other  creeks.  The 
surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  ash,  cedar,  hickory,  oak,  mezquite,  Ac.  The  soil 
is  very  fertile.  Cotton,  cattle,  and  Indian  corn  are  the 
staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Houston  <fc  Texas 
Central  Railroad,  and  the  San  Antonio  <fc  Aransas  Pass 
Railway,  the  former  passing  through  Marlin,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  9851 ;  in  1880,  16,240  ;  in  1890,  20,706. 

Falls,  a  township  of  Cerro  Gordo  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  833. 
It  contains  Plymouth  and  Rock  Falls. 

Falls,  a  township  of  Chase  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  501,  ex- 
clusive of  Cottonwood  Falls. 

Falls,  a  township  of  Sumner  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  579, 

Falls,  a  township  of  Hocking  co.,  0.  Pop,  3760,  in- 
cluding that  of  Logan,  the  county  seat. 

Falls,  a  township  of  Muskingum  cc,  0.  Pop.  3361. 
It  includes  West  Zanesville. 

Falls,  a  township  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Delaware 
River.  Pop.  2298,  including  Fallsington  and  Tullytown, 
but  excluding  the  borough  of  Morrisville. 

Falls,  a  post-village  in  Falls  township,  Wyoming  co.. 
Pa.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania<fc 
New  York  Railroad,  21  miles  N.  of  Wilkesbarre.  It  has 
a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  powder-kegs. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1096. 

Falls  Branch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  cc,  Tenn., 
15  miles  N.W.  of  .Tonesborough.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  50. 

Falls'burg,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
theNeversink  River,  15  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Summitville, 
and  about  5  miles  (direct)  N.  by  E.  of  Monticello.  It  has 
a  church,  a  tannery,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Fallsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  in  Falls- 
burg  township,  about  15  miles  N.E.  of  Newark.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  871. 

Falls  Church,  a  post-village  of  Fairfax  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Washington  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  11  miles  W.  of  Washing- 
ton, D.C.  It  contains  11  churches,  a  broom-factory,  the 
Forbes  Institute,  and  the  Jeflferson  Institute.  It  is  one  of 
the  most  thriving  towns  in  Virginia.     Pop.  792. 

Falls  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Richardson  co.. 
Neb.,  near  the  Big  Nemaha  River,  92  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of 
Lincoln,  and  55  miles  N.N.W.  of  Atchison,  Kansas.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  several  hotels,  2  banks,  2  newspaper 
offices,  7  churches,  a  high  school,  2  flour-mills,  an  iron- 
foundry,  a  creamery,  and  a  canning-factory.  It  is  lighted 
by  electricity.     Pop.  in  1890,  2102. 

Falls  City,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co.,  Oregon,  about 
6  miles  (direct)  S.W.  of  Dallas.  It  has  2  churches,  public 
schools,  a  foundry,  and  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  300, 

Falls  City,  a  village  of  Fayette  CO.,  Pa.,  on  theYough- 
iogheny  River,  74  miles  by  rail  S.S.B.  of  Pittsburg.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 
Pop.  300.  The  station  is  Ohio  Pyle:  and  here  is  a  cataract 
called  Ohio  Pyle  Falls. 


Falls  Creek,  a  station  on  the  Alleghany  Valley  Rail. 
road,  Low  Grade  division,  22  miles  E.  of  Brookville,  Pa. 

Fall'sington,  a  post-village  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  in  Falls 
township,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Philadelphia,  and  2  miles  from 
Penn  Valley  Railroad  Station.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
public  library.     Pop.  211. 

Falls  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  5  milei 
S.E.  of  Callicoon  Depot,  It  has  manufactures  of  lumber 
and  turned  wood-work. 

Falls  Mill,  a  post-oflRce  of  Lincoln  co.,  W.  Va, 

Falls  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tazewell  cc,  Va.,  40 
miles  S.W,  of  Hinton,  W,  Va,     It  has  a  church. 

Falls  of  Rough,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grayson  co.,  Ky., 
at  the  falls  of  Rough  Creek,  12  miles  N.  of  Caneyville  Sta- 
tion.    It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Falls  of  Schuylkill,  a  post-village  of  Philadelphia 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Schuylkill  River,  and  on  the  Philadelphia  A 
Reading  Railroad, — both  the  main  line  ( West  Falls  Station) 
and  the  Norristown  Branch  (Falls  Station), — 5  miles  from 
the  initial  station  in  Philadelphia.  Steamboats  ascend  the 
river  to  this  place  in  summer.  It  has  7  churches,  im- 
portant cotton-  and  woollen-manufactures,  chemical  works, 
boiler-works,  2  breweries,  and  a  carpet-factory. 

Falls  Run  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  in 
Black  Creek  township,  on  the  Danville,  Hazleton  A  Wilkes- 
barre Branch  Railroad,  26  miles  E.  of  Danville.  Here  ia 
a  cascade  300  feet  high.  The  name  of  the  railroad  station 
is  Rock  Glen, 

Falls'ton,  a  post-village  of  Harford  cc,  Md.,  23  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  2  churches,  the  Oakland 
Seminary,  a  harness-factory,  a  creamery,  Ac, 

Fallston,  a  post-borough  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
right  or  W,  bank  of  the  Beaver  River,  3  miles  by  rail  N, 
of  Beaver.  It  has  a  church,  common  schools,  water-power, 
several  mills  for  flour  and  lumber,  a  foundry,  several  ma- 
chine-shops, a  planing-mill,  a  brush-factory,  and  manufac- 
tures of  nails,  wire,  rivets,  and  kegs.  A  bridge  crosses  the 
river  here  and  connects  Fallston  with  New  Brighton,  Pop. 
in  1890,  541. 

Falls'town,  a  township  of  Iredell  cc,  N.C.    Pop.  879. 

Falls  Village,  a  post-village  in  Canaan  township, 
Litchfield  co.,  Conn.,  on  the  E,  bank  of  the  Housatonio 
River,  and  on  the  Housatonic  Railroad,  67  miles  N,  of 
Bridgeport,  and  43  miles  S.  of  Pittsfield,  It  has  3  churches, 
a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  and  iron-works, 

Falmouth,  fll'miith,  a  town  of  England,  co,  of  Corn- 
wall, on  a  branch  of  the  estuary  of  the  Fal,  14  miles  N.N.E, 
of  Lizard  Point,  and  10  miles  by  rail  S,  of  Truro.  Lat. 
50°  8'  8"  N. ;  Ion.  5°  2'  7"  W.  The  town  consists  mostly 
of  a  long  line  of  streets  extending  along  the  W.  side  of  the 
harbor,  with  elegant  villas  ranged  on  the  eminence  behind. 
It  is  generally  well  built,  and  has  a  town  hall,  jail,  market- 
house,  custom-house,  large  warehouses,  3  banks,  public 
rooms,  library,  baths,  a  polytechnic  institution,  a  hospital 
for  disabled  seamen,  and  numerous  schools.  The  harbor  is 
formed  by  the  estuary  of  the  Fal,  and  is  about  5  miles  in 
length  and  1  mile  in  breadth.  The  entrance  is  defended 
by  Pendennis  and  St.  Mawe's  Castle,  both  built  in  the  reign 
of  Henry  VIII.,  and  the  former  containing  large  barracks, 
magazines,  Ac.  Its  position,  at  the  entrance  of  the  English 
Channel,  rendered  Falmouth,  for  many  years,  a  principal 
station  for  the  foreign  mail  service,  and  it  is  still  a  great 
resort  for  shipping.  The  foreign  and  coasting  trade  is  con- 
siderable. Chief  imports,  rum,  sugar,  gold,  and  silver,  from 
the  West  Indies  and  South  America,  wines,  spirits,  fruits, 
timber,  tallow,  hemp,  and  provisions.  Chief  exports,  tin, 
copper,  pilchards,  and  fuel.     Pop,  6294, 

Fal'mouth,  a  town  of  Antigua,  West  Indies,  on  the  S. 
coast  of  Antigua,  1  mile  from  English  Harbor,  Its  port  is 
deep  and  spacious,  but  the  town  has  declined  and  is  Do\r 
very  small. 

Falmouth,  a  port  of  entry  of  Jamaica,  on  the  N.  coast, 
lat,  18°  30'  N.,  Ion.  77°  40'  W.,  is  the  second  port  in  the 
island  in  commercial  importance.  Principal  exports,  sug.ar 
and  rum,  with  some  pimento  and  ginger.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  bank,  2  newspapers,  and  water-works.     Pop.  3000. 

Fal'mouth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jasper  cc.  111.,  in  Wade 
township,  on  the  Grayville  A  Mattoon  Railroad,  at  Hunt's 
Station,  5  miles  S.  of  Newton. 

Falmouth,  a  post-office  of  Rush  co.,  Ind.,  10  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Cambridge  City.  It  has  a  church  and  a  graded 
school.     Pop.  about  200. 

Falmouth,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pendleton  cc, 
Ky.,  is  on  the  Licking  River,  at  the  mouth  of  its  South  Fork, 
and  on  the  Kentucky  Central  Railroad,  40  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Cincinnati,  and  60  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Lexington.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house,  2  banks,  8  churches,  4  newspaper  offices, 


FAL 


1160 


FAN 


.11  woollen-tnill,  planing-  and  saw-uiills,  a  graded  tobool, 
and  nn  acndomy.     Top.  in  1800,  lUR. 

Faliiiuiitli,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  in  Cum- 
berliind  o<>.,  Mo.,  is  on  Casou  liny,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  I'ortlund.  It  lins  4  churches,  dis- 
trict sehools,  a  wheel-factory,  and  manufactures  of  bricks. 
Faliuoutii  towuHhip  is  intersected  by  the  Maine  Central 
Railroad,  on  wbicu  is  Falmouth  Station  (at  West  Fal- 
mouth), 7  miles  from  Portland.    Pop.  of  the  township,  1580. 

Fnliuouth,  a  post-township  of  Barnstable  oo.,  Ma.«8., 
is  bounilcd  on  the  .S.  by  Vineyard  Sound,  and  on  the  W.  by 
Buzzard's  Day,  It  contains  villages  named  Falmouth,  East 
Falmouth,  North  Falmouth,  West  Falmouth,  and  Wood's 
lloll,  and  a  summer  resort  called  Falmouth  lloights.  It 
has  9  churches.  The  village  of  Falmouth  is  on  a  branch 
of  the  Old  Colony  Hailroad,  and  on  the  sea-coast,  about  22 
miles  E.S.B.  of  New  Bedford.  It  iias  a  national  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  nn  aciulomy,  and  several  churches.  Pop. 
in  1880,  612:  in  18U0,  about  600  j  of  the  township  in  ISSO, 
2422;  in  1890,  2567. 

Falmouth)  a  post-hamlet  of  Missaukee  co.,  Mich.,  36 
miles  N.E.  of  Ueed  City.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  saw-mill. 

Falmoutht  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  I'a.,  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  Susquehanna,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad  (Harrisburg  to  Columbia),  14  miles  S.E.  of  llar- 
risburg.     It  has  a  church  and  a  stone-quarry. 

Falmouth)  a  post-village  of  Stafford  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
N.  bank  of  the  Rappahannock  River,  1  mile  (direct)  N.  of 
Fredericksburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a  corn-mill,  and  a  pub- 
lic school.     Pop.  about  3fl0. 

FaI'month)  a  post-village  in  Hants  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
on  the  river  Avon,  5  miles  from  Falmouth  Windsor  Bridge, 
and  7  miles  N.E.  of  Windsor.  It  contains  6  saw-mills  and 
2  grist-mills.     Pop.  200, 

Falmouth  Windsor  Bridge,  a  seaport  town  of  Nova 
Scotia,  CO.  of  Ilants,  on  the  Avon  River,  an  arm  of  Minas 
Basin,  opposite  Newport,  2  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Windsor, 
and  47  miles  N.N.W.  of  IIalifa.x.  It  is  a  place  of  some 
importance,  in  consequence  of  the  coal,  plaster,  limestone, 
and  other  minerals  found  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  400. 

False  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantic,  in  Cape  Colony, 
its  W.  side  being  formed  by  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope.  Length 
and  breadth,  about  22  miles  each.  It  is  a  station  of  the 
Cape  naval  squadron. 

False  Cape,  Africa.    See  Cape  False. 

False  Cape,  a  post-office  of  Ilumboldjb  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Pacific  Ocean. 

False  Cape  Bojador,  Africa.    See  Cape  False. 

False  Cape  Horn.    See  Cape  IIorx. 

False  Oby,  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  Siam.     See  Obt. 

False  Point,  a  port  of  India,  on  the  Bay  of  Bengal, 
Cuttack  district.  Lat.  20°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  86°  47'  E.  It  has 
the  best  harbor  between  Calcutta  and  Bombay, — safe,  roomy, 
and  oeoessible  to  all  ships.  It  communicates  by  canals 
with  the  interior  of  Orissa.  Previous  to  1860  it  was  scarcely 
known ;  but  since  that  time  it  has  become  the  seat  of  a 
trade  in  rice  and  oil-seeds. 

False  Presque  Isle,  presk  eel,  a  harbor  in  Presque 
Isle  CO.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Huron. 

Falset,  or  Falcet,  fil-sfit',  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  23  miles  W.N.W.  of  Tarragona.  It  is  surrounded  by 
the  ruins  of  its  ancient  Roman  walls  and  castle.    Pop.  3421. 

Falster,  fil'st^r  (anc.  Falstriaf),  an  island  of  Den- 
mark, in  the  Baltic,  separated  from  Seeland,  Moen,  and 
Laaland  by  narrow  straits.  Lat.  about  54°  50'  N. ;  Ion. 
12°  E.  Length,  30  miles.  The  surface  is  flat  and  well 
watered ;  and  the  island  is  so  fertile  in  fruit  as  to  be  termed 
the  "  orchard  of  Denmark."  The  principal  town  is  Nykio- 
ping.     Pop.  27,753. 

Falsterbo,  fil'st^r-boo',  a  seaport  of  Sweden,  near  its 
S.  extremity,  on  the  Baltic,  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mahnij. 

Falterona,  Monte,  mon'ti  f&l-td-ro'n&,  a  peak  of  the 
Apennines,  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Florence.    Height,  5557  feet. 

Faltsi,  f&l'tseo,  written  also  Falczy,  Falshi,  tkV- 
•hee,  and  Falciu,  f&l'sheo-oo,  a  town  of  Roumania,  on 
the  Pruth,  70  miles  S.S.E.  of  Yossy.     Pop.  2450. 

Falun,  or  Fahlun,  fl'loon,  a  town  of  Sweden,  capital 
of  a  lajn,  on  Lake  Runn,  54  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Gefle. 
It  has  a  school  of  practical  mining,  museums,  and  manu- 
factures of  cotton  yarn,  <feo.  Hero  is  the  famous  copper- 
mine  of  Falun,  an  immense  abyss,  1200  feet  across,  and  as 
many  in  depth.  Silver  and  gold  are  also  obtained  here. 
Lat.  60°  36'  N. ;  Ion.  16°  36'  E.     Pop.  6741. 

Falun,  Fahinn,  f&'loon,  or  Kopparberg,  kop'paR- 
bdRo\  a  maritime  la;n  of  Sweden,  mostly  between  lat.  69° 
62'  and  62"  16'  N.,  bordering  on  Norway.  Area,  11,421 
•qoaio  miles.     Capital,  Falun.     Pop.  in  1S90,  197,452. 


FaMun',  a  post-township  of  Saline  co.,  Kansas,  about 
14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Salina.  It  has  a  church  and  a  broom- 
factory.     Pop.  268. 

Famngosta,  f&-m&-gos't&,  or  Famagusta,  f&-m&- 
goos't&,  a  seaport  town  of  Cyprus,  on  its  E.  coast,  in  lat.  35° 
7'  40"  N.,  Ion.  36°  59'  E.,  built  on  the  ruins  of  the  ancient 
Ariiu'oe,  Most  of  the  inhabitants  are  Greeks.  Under  the 
Venetian  rule  it  was  one  of  the  principal  commercial  cities 
of  the  Levant.  Five  miles  N.E.  is  Old  Famagosta  (anc. 
Sal'amii  and  Conttan'lin),  a  site  covered  with  ruins. 

Famars,  f&'mait'  (anc.  Fu'nxtm  Alur'tiif),  a  village  of 
France,  in  Nord,  3  miles  S.  of  Valenciennes.     Pop.  850. 

Famatina,  f&-m&-tce'n&,  an  e.\tcn8ive  valley  in  the 
Argentine  Republic,  province  of  La  Riojiv,  160  miles  in 
length  and  30  miles  in  broivdth,  bounded  E.  and  W.  by  the 
mountain-ranges  of  Velasco  and  Famatina.  It  contains 
the  town  of  Chiliccto,  numerous  villages,  and  silver-mines. 

Fame,  a  post-hamlot  of  Greenwood  co.,  Kansas,  about 
38  miles  W.  of  Humboldt. 

Famcnne,  f&'mdnn'  or  fl-mdn'nfh,  a  small  district 
of  Belgium,  in  Lu.xembourg,  named  from  its  inhabitants, 
called  by  Cassar  I'lemani  or  J'liKtnam. 

Famich,  f4,'mce'^h,  a  town  of  Syria,  on  the  Orontes,  32 
miles  N.W.  of  Hamah.  It  is  supposed  to  occupy  the  site 
of  the  ancient  Apame'a. 

Fammamatz,  f&m'm&-m&t8',  a  town  of  Japan,  island 
of  Hondo,  near  the  coast,  50  miles  S.S.E.  of  Okanaki. 

Fclmund,  a  lake  of  Norway,     See  F^mu.nd. 

Fanagoria,  fi-ni-go're-il,  a  small  Russian  village  and 
fortress,  on  the  Strait  of  Ycnikale,  near  Taman.    Pop.  3500. 

Fanano,  f&-n&'no,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  30  miles 
S,AV.  of  Modena,  near  Monte  Cimone.     Pop.  4416. 

Fanaye,  fi-ni'?h  or  fd-n^'^h,  a  largo  village  of  Western 
Africa,  near  the  Senegal,  in  lat.  16°  24'  N.,  Ion.  15°  8'  W. 
Its  people  are  industrious,  and  have  a  brisk  trade  in  millet, 
fish,  and  matting.     Its  ruler  is  a  maraboot  of  Foota. 

Fan'cher's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  White  co.,  Tcnn., 
28  miles  from  McMinnville. 

Fancsika,  f&n'chee'kuh\  or  Fancikova,  f&n'che- 
ko'v5h',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Ugocs,  about  40  milci 
W.N.W.  of  Szigeth.     Pop.  820. 

Fan'cy  Bluff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Glynn  co.,  Ga.,  on  a 
river  or  inlet  of  the  sea,  about  4  miles  from  Brunswick. 

Fancy  Creek,  Kansas,  rises  in  Clay  co.,  and  enterr 
the  Big  Blue  River  in  Riley  co. 

Fancy  Creek,  township,  Sangamon  co.,  111.    P.  1195. 

Fancy  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Kansas,  on 
Fancy  Creek. 

Fancy  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Richland  co.,  Wis.,  10 
miles  N.  of  Richland  Centre. 

Fancy  Farm,  a  post-village  of  Graves  co.,  Ky.,  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Mayfield.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Fancy  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Va.,  about 
10  miles  S.  of  Hillsville.     It  has  a  seminary. 

Fancy  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co.,  Va. 

Fancy  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ark. 

Fancy  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockbridge  co.,  Va., 
about  33  miles  N.W.  of  Lynchburg. 

Fancy  Prairie,  pra'ree,  post-office,  Menard  co..  111. 

Fan'don,  a  post-village  of  McDonough  co.,  III.,  in 
Bethel  and  Chalmers  townships,  about  60  miles  N.E.  of 
Quincy.     It  has  3  churches. 

Fane,  a  river  of  Ireland,  falls  into  Dundalk  Bay,  after 
a  S.E.  course  of  about  20  miles. 

Faneuil,  fun'^1,  o  station  within  the  limits  of  Boston, 
Mass.  (in  the  Brighton  ward),  on  the  Boston  <fc  Albany 
Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  the  initial  station  in  Boston. 

Fang-Ki,  f4ng-ki,  an  island  off  the  S.  coast  of  China, 
province  of  Quang-Tong,  in  lat.  21°  18'  N.,  Ion.  110°  35'  E 

Filngoe,  an  island  in  the  Baltic.    See  FjE.n'G(ee. 

Faniroo,  or  Faniru,  fd'nee-roo',  a  village  of  Africi, 
in  Houssa,  64  miles  N.W.  of  Kano. 

Faniso,  f&^nee'so,  a  village  of  Africa,  in  Houssa,  close 
to  Kano,  enclosed  by  a  wall. 

Fanjcaux,  fdN»'zho'  (anc.  Fa'num  Jo'vigf),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Aude,  on  a  mountain,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Castol- 
naudary.     Pop.  1094. 

Faiyoy's,  New  Brunswick.     See  WATEnBonouOH. 

Fan  Light,  a  post-office  of  Wetzel  co.,  W.  Va. 

Fan-Ling-Tao,  nin-ling-t&,'o,  an  island  in  the  Sea  of 
Japan,  E.  of  Corea.     Lat.  36°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  128°  50'  E. 

Fannan  Isles,  Scotland.    See  Flannex  Isles. 

Fan'net,  a  township  of  Franklin  co..  Pa.  Pop.  2146. 
It  includes  Doylcsburg,  Dry  Run,  Spring  Run,  &o. 

Fan'net  Point,  a  headland  of  Ireland,  in  Ulster,  ooi 
of  Donegal,  with  a  light-house  at  the  W.  side  of  the  en- 
trance of  Lough  Swilly. 


WATS 


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FAE 


Fan'iiettsburg,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  West  Brunch  of  Conococheague  Creek,  18  miles  N.W. 
of  Chambersburg.  It  has  3  churches,  a  tannery,  a  collar- 
factory,  a  newspaper  office,  and  free  schools.     Pop.  100. 

Faii'nie,  a  post-office  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas. 

Fan'iiile,  a  hamlet  of  Coffee  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Bruns- 
wick &  Albany  Railroad,  S.i  miles  W.  of  Brunswick. 

Fan'nin,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Georgia,  bordering 
on  Tennessee.  Area,  409  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  Ocoee  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  mountainous,  and 
extensively  covered  with  forests.  Indian  corn,  grass,  and 
pork  are  the  staples.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Marietta  & 
North  Georgia  Kailroad.  Capital,  Morganton.  Pop.  in 
1870,  5429;  in  1880,  7245;  in  1890,  8724. 

Fannin,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
area  of  about  1000  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  theN.  by 
Red  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Sulphur  Fork  of  that 
river.  The  surface  is  undulating;  the  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Here  are  large  forests  of  the  ash,  hickory,  osage-orange, 
oak,  black  walnut,  &o.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Texas 
&  Pacific  Railroad,  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad, 
and  two  other  railroads.  Capital,  Bonham.  Pop.  in  1870, 
13,207;  in  1880,  25,601;  in  1890,  38,709. 

Fannin,  a  post-village  of  Rankin  co.,  Miss.,  10  miles 
N.  of  Brandon.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  school. 

Fan'ning,  a  post-hamlet  of  Doniphan  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Atchison  &  Nebraska  Railroad,  23  miles  N.  of  Atchison. 
',  Fano,  fi'no  (anc.  Fa'num  Fortii'me),  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
the  Marches,  and  in  the  province  of  Pcsaro  and  Urbino,  on 
the  Adriatic,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mctauro,  7  miles  by  rail 
S.E.  of  Pesaro.  Pop.  19,734.  It  is  enclosed  by  old  walls 
with  a  lofty  bastioned  front  towards  the  sea,  and  has  rich 
treasures  of  art.  Fano  has  one  of  the  finest  modern  theatres 
in  Italy,  a  cathedral,  remains  of  a  triumphal  arch  erected 
to  Augustus,  and  several  other  antiquities.  Its  harbor  is 
now  choked  up ;  but  it  has  still  some  trade,  and  manufac- 
tures of  silk.     It  is  a  bishop's  see  and  a  watering-place. 

Fano,  fil'no,  or  Fnnno,  f^n'no,  one  of  the  Ionian 
Islands,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Corfu. 

Fanoe,  fi'no"?h,  an  island  of  Denmark,  off  the  W. 
coast  of  Jutland,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Ribe,  8  miles  long  and 
2  miles  broad.     Pop.  2800,  mostly  fishermen. 

Fantee,  or  Fanti,  fin'tee,  a  negro  race  of  West  Africa, 
the  most  populous  of  the  tribes  of  the  Gold  Coast.  They 
are  now  under  British  sway.  They  are  allied  in  blood  to 
the  Ashantees,  their  hereditary  enemies. 

Fanum  Andomari,  the  Latin  name  of  Saixt-Ombr. 

Fanum  Fortuusc,  the  ancient  name  of  Fano. 

Fanum  Jovis,  the  ancient  name  of  Fanmeaux. 

Fanum  Martis,  the  ancient  name  of  Corseul. 

Fanum  3Iarti8,  the  ancient  name  of  Famars. 

Fan'wood,  a  post-village  and  station  of  Union  CO., 
N.J.,  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  in  Westfield 
township,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Plainfield,  and  20  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Jersey  City.  It  has  3  churches,  a  mill  for  paper-board, 
and  a  fur-manufactory.     Pop.  about  500. 

Fara,  fi'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  7  miles  S. 
of  Chieti.     Pop.  1795. 

Fara,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  11  miles  N.W.  of 
Novara.     Pop.  1899. 

Far'abee's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co., 
"Ind.,  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &,  Chicago  Railroad,  27 
miles  N.N.W.  of  New  Albany. 

Faradecs,  or  Faradis,  fiVi'dces',  written  also  Pa- 
rades, a  town  of  Africa,  dominions  and  38  miles  S.E.  of 
Tunis,  supposed  to  be  on  the  site  of  ancient  Aphrodisium. 

Fara  di  Gcra  d'Adda,  fi'ri  dee  ji'ri  did'di,  a  vil- 
lage of  Italy,  province  of  Bergamo,  3  miles  W.  of  Trevi- 
glio,  near  the  Adda.     Pop.  1341. 

Faradis,  a  town  of  North  Africa.    See  Fauadees. 

Farafreh,  an  oasis.    See  El  Farafreh. 

Farahabad,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Ferahabad. 

Farajan,  fi-ri-jAn',  or  Faraghan,  fi-rS,-g.\n',  a  vil- 
lage of  Kafiristan,  on  the  S.  slope  of  the  Hindoo-Koosb, 
in  lat.  35°  42'  N.,  Ion.  70°  22'  E. 

Farakhabad,  India.    See  FtrRRticKABAD. 

Farallones  de  los  Frayles,  fl-rll-yo'nJs  di  loce 
'fri'lds,  a  group  of  small  islands  on  the  coast  of  California, 
consisting  of  the  North,  Middle,  and  South  Farallon  (fi- 
ril-yon').  The  first-named  is  situated  32  miles  due  W.  of 
'the  entrance  to  San  Francisco  Bay.  These  islands  extend 
in  a  direction  very  nearly  parallel  with  the  coast,  their  ex- 
treme points  being  about  12  miles  apart.  They  are  fre- 
quented by  multitudes  of  sea-fowl,  which  breed  here,  and 
•upply  great  quantities  of  eggs  for  the  market  of  San  Fran- 
flisco.  The  South  Farallon  has  an  important  light-house. 
74 


Fara  San  Martino,  fi'ri  s4n  maR-tee'no,  a  town  of 
Italy,  in  Chieti,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Lanciano.     Pop.  2400. 

Faray,  Wri,  an  islet  of  the  Orkneys,  separated  by  a 
narrow  sound  from  Eday.  South  Faray,  one  of  this  group, 
is  near  the  island  of  Flota.     Pop.  55. 

Far'ber,  a  post-hamlet  of  Audrain  co..  Mo.,  on  tKe 
Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Me.\ico,  and 
108  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Farchoute,  a  town  of  Upper  Egypt.    See  Farshcot. 

Fdrder,  an  island  of  Norway.    See  F^rder. 

Fare 'ham,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Hants,  at  the 
N.W.  extremity  of  Portsmouth  Harbor,  4i  miles  by  rail 
N.N.W.  of  Gosport.  It  is  resorted  to  for  sea-bathing.  It  has 
a  workhouse,  manufactures  of  ropes  and  earthenware,  and  a 
trade  in  timber,  coal,  and  corn.     Pop.  of  parish,  7023. 

Farescoor,  Farescour,  orFareskur,  fi'rfis-koor', 
a  town  of  Egypt,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Damietta,  on  the  Nile. 

Farewell,  Cape.    See  Cape  Farewell. 

Far'go,  a  post-village  and  railroad  centre,  capital  of 
Cass  CO.,  N.D.,  on  the  Red  River,  46  miles  by  rail  N.  of 
Wahpeton.  It  has  several  churches,  3  newspaper  offices, 
manufactures  of  ploughs,  mowing-  and  reaping-machines, 
and  other  agricultural  implements,  brooms,  <fec.  The  State 
Agricultural  College  is  situated  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  5664. 

Faribault,  far'e-bO'  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Min- 
nesota, bordering  on  Iowa,  has  an  area  of  720  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Blue  Earth  or  Mankato  River,  and 
also  drained  by  Maple  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level 
or  undulating,  and  diversified  by  several  small  lakes;  the 
soil  is  very  fertile.  The  staple  products  are  wheat,  oats, 
hay,  Indian  corn,  and  butter.  The  greater  part  of  this 
county  is  prairie.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee &  St.  Paul  and  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  & 
Omaha  Railroads.  Capital,  Blue  Earth  City.  Pop.  in  1870, 
9940;  in  1880,  13,016;  in  1890,  16,718. 

Faribault,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Rice  co.,  Minn.,  on 
the  Cannon  River  at  the  mouth  of  the  Straight  River,  and 
at  the  crossing  of  two  railroads,  63  miles  S.  of  St.  Paul,  and 
15  miles  N.  of  Owatonna.  It  contains  a  fine  court-house, 
14  churches,  a  female  seminary,  a  Catholic  academy,  the 
Shattuck  School,  a  public  library,  2  national  banks,  insti- 
tutions for  the  deaf,  dumb,  and  blind,  founded  by  the  state, 
the  Seabury  Divinity  School,  5  flouring-mills,  3  newspaper 
offices,  a  rattan-works,  and  manufactures  of  woollens,  car- 
riages, furniture,  <fcc.     Pop.  in  1890,  6520. 

Faridabad,  a  town  of  India.    See  Fukeedabad. 

Faridkot,  a  state  of  India.    See  Furreedkote. 

Faridpur,  a  town  of  India.    See  Fuheedpoob. 

Farigliano,  fi-reel-yi'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
of  Coni,  on  the  Tanaro.     Pop.  2413. 

Farilhdo,  fi-reel-yowu"',  a  group  of  islets  off  the  coast 
of  Portugal,  in  Estremadura,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Peniche. 

Farim,  fi-reeu*'  or  fi-reem',  a  town  of  Senegambia, 
Western  Africa,  on  the  Cacheo  River,  50  miles  N.W.  of  Jeba. 

Fari'na,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co..  III.,  on  the  Illi- 
nois Central  Railroad,  29  miles  N.E.  of  Centralia.  It  has 
4  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  public  schools,  a 
flouring-mill,  and  manufactures  of  fruit-boxes.     Pop.  618. 

Farindola,  fi-rin'do-li,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
22  miles  S.S.E.  of  Teramo.     Pop.  3366. 

Faringdon,  a  town  of  England.     See  Farringdon. 

Fa'risville,  a  post-office  of  Ellsworth  co.,  Kansas. 

Farkasd,  faR^koshd',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  19 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Neutra,  on  the  Waag.     Pop.  3300. 

Far'ley,  a  post-village  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa,  in  Dodge 
township,  on  the  Dubuque  <fc  Sioux  City  Railroad,  at  its 
junction  with  the  Dubuque  &  Southvpestern  Railroad,  23 
miles  Vf.  of  Dubuque.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded 
school,  a  newspaper  office,  several  creameries,  stone-quar- 
ries, <feo.     Pop.  in  1890,  582. 

Farley,  a  post-village  of  Platte  co.,  Mo.,  about  7  miles 
S.E.  of  Leavenworth,  Kansas,  and  1  mile  £.  of  the  Missouri 
River.     It  has  2  churches. 

Far'lin,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  Iowa,  6  miles  by 
rail  N.  by  W.  of  Jefferson.  It  has  manufactures  of  lum- 
ber and  grain,  and  general  stores. 

Farlin,  a  post-village  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  two  railroads,  about  9  miles  W.  of  Albany.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  public  school,  a  cider-mill,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  about  300. 

Far'Iington,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  eo.,  Kansas, 
8  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Girard.  It  has  3  churches,  an  acad- 
emy, planing-mills,  a  grain-elevator,  and  manufactures  of 
hay-presses.  Coal  and  zinc  ore  are  found  in  this  vicinity. 
Pop.  300. 

Far'linville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Linn  co.,  Kansas,  7  miles 
N.W.  of  Mound  City.     It  has  flour-  and  lumber-mills. 


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Far'lOW)  »  poat-rilUge  in  Eut  NeUon  township,  Moul- 
trie CO.,  III.,  on  the  KMkMkia  Illver,  and  on  the  Cbioago 
*  Illinois  Southern  Kailro»d,  10  inilea  N.W.  of  Mattoon. 
.  Farm'dalet  »  post-hamlet  of  Taxewell  oo.,  III.,  on  the 
Illinois  Midland  Railroad,  at  iU  junction  with  the  Toledo, 
Pwria  A  Warsaw  Railroad,  5  miles  K.  of  Peoria. 

Farmdale»  a  posthantlct  of  Fmnklin  oo.,  Ky.,  6  miles 
8.W.  of  Frankfort.  Here  is  the  Kentuokj  Military  In- 
stitute. 

Farmdale,  a  post-villnge  of  Trumbull  oo.,  0.,  12  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Andover,  nnd  17  miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  War- 
ren. It  has  a  common  school,  a  saw-mill,  a  plaDing-niill, 
Ao.     Pop.  200. 

Farm'er,  a  post-village  of  Seneca  eo.,  N.T.,  10  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Ovid,  and  21  miles  (direct)  S.  of  Waterloo. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  2  basket- 
faotorios,  and  a  neck-yoke  factory.     Pop.  660. 

Farmer,  a  post-hamlet  of  Defiance  co.,  0.,  in  Fanner 
township,  about  35  miles  N.E.  of  Fort  Wayne,  Ind.  It  has 
a  church,  a  high  school,  a  saw-mill,  and  manufactures  of 
handles,  older,  and  lumber.     Pop.  160. 

Farmer,  a  post-hamlet  of  Young  co.,  Tex. 

Farmer  City,  a  post-villngo  of  De  Witt  co.,  III.,  in 
Santa  Anna  township,  at  the  crossing  of  two  railroads,  62 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Springfield,  and  25  miles  S.E.  of  Bloom- 
ington.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  a  public  school,  3  news- 
paper offices,  lumber-  and  planing-mills,  a  flour-uiill,  and 
manufiicturcs  of  bricks  and  tiles.     Pop.  in  1890,  1367. 

Farmer  City,  a  post-village  of  Fremont  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Monroe  township,  7  miles  N.  of  Farragut  Station.  It  has 
a  church  and  2  stores. 

Farmers,  or  Lick'ing  City,  a  post- village  of  Rowan 
eo.,  Ky.,  on  the  Licking  River,  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mount 
Sterling.    It  has  2  churches,  a  masonic  hall,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Farmer's,  Sanilac  co.,  Mich.     See  CAnsoNViLLE. 

Farmer's,  a  station  in  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Michigan  Central  Railroad,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Ann  Arbor. 

Farmers,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C.,  20  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Thomasville.     It  has  an  academy  and  a  church. 

Farmer's,  a  station  in  Franklin  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Cum- 
berland V' alley  Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of  Greencastle. 

Farmers,  a  post-village  of  York  co.,  Pa.,  10  miles 
(direct)  S.W.  of  York.     It  has  flour-  and  saw-mills. 

Farmers  Branch,  a  post-village  of  Dallas  co.,  Tex., 
12  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Dallas.  It  has  a  church,  a  cotton 
gin,  a  public  school,  and  manufactures  of  lumber.  Pop. 
about  150, 

Farm'ersbnrg,  a  village  of  Sullivan  co.,  Ind.,  15  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Terre  Haute.  It  has  2  churches,  a  lumber- 
mill,  and  a  coal-mine.     Here  is  Ascension  Post-Office. 

Farmersburg,  a  post-village  in  Farmersburg  town- 
Bhip,  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Eastern  Iowa  Railroad,  11 
'miles  from  £1  Kadcr,  and  about  50  miles  N.W.  of  Dubuque. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  977. 

Farmersburg,  a  post-hnmlet  of  Chautauqua  co.,  Kan- 
'Sas,  25  miles  W.  of  Independence. 

Farm'ers*  Creek,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa. 
-Pop.  l.'?32.     It  includes  Fulton. 

Farmers'  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich., 
'6. miles  S.  of  Lapeer. 

'Farmers'  Exchange,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hickman  co., 
Tenn.,  13  miles  (direct)  S.W.  of  Centreville. 

Farmer's  Fork,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richmond  co.,  Va., 
4  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Warsaw. 

Farmer's  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Southampton  co.,  Va. 

Farmer's  Grove,  a  post- village  in  York  township, 
Green  co..  Wis.,  15  miles  N.  of  Monroe,  and  about  30  miles 
S.W.  of  Madison. 

Farmers'  Institute,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tippecanoe  co., 
Ind.,  8  or  9  miles  S.W.  of  Lafayette.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  school  called  Farmers'  Institute. 

Farmer's  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Kent  township,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Patterson.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Farmer's  Retreat,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dearborn  co., 
Ind.,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Dillsborough.  It  has  several 
churches. 

Farmers'  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Owen  co.,  Ind., 
on  White  River,  and  on  the  Indianaportis  &  Vinccnnes 
Railroad,  52  miles  N.E.  of  Yincennes.  It  has  2  stores  and 
15  houres. 

Farmers'  Station,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  0., 
in  Clark  township,  on  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad, 
63  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  a 
grist-mill,  and  several  stores. 

Farm'erstown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Holmes  co.,  0.,  13 
miles  E.6.E.  of  Millersburg.    It  ha»  2  churches. 


Farmers'  Tnrn'ont,  a  hamlet  of  Columbus  co.,  N.C., 
and  a  station  on  the  Wilmington,  Columbia  A  Augusta 
Railroad,  13  miles  W.  of  Wilmington. 

Farmers'  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co..  Neb. 

Farmers'  Valley,  a  i)08t-hamlct  of  McKcan  oo.,  Pa, 
on  the  MeKean  A  liuHalo  Railroad,  and  on  Potato  Creek,  4 
miles  N.  of  Smethport.  It  has  a  church,  a  cheese-factory, 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Farmers'  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  Tenn. 

Farm'crsvillc,  a  post-office  of  Lowndes  co.,  AIn. 

Farmersvillc,  a  post-village  of  Tulare  co.,  Cal.,  7 
miles  S.K.  of  Visalia.     It  has  a  public  hall  and  a  store. 

Farmersville,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  III., 
26  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Springfield,  and  22  miles  (direct) 
N.W.  of  Hillsborough.  It  has  2  churches  and  general 
stores  and  business  houses.     Pop.  225. 

Farmersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Posey  co.,  Ind.,  5 
miles  (direct)  N.  of  Mount  Vernon,  and  18  miles  W.  of 
Evansville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Farmersville,  a  hamlet  of  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
South  Skunk  River,  about  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Oskaloosa. 

Farmersville,  a  post-office  of  Osage  co.,  Kansas. 

Farmersville,  a  station  in  Shawnee  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Topeka. 

Farmersville,  a  village  of  Caldwell  co.,  Ky.,  7  miles 
N.  of  Princeton.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
flannel,  blankets,  flour,  and  tobacco. 

Farmersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co..  Mo., 
11  miles  (direct)  N.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  2  churches,  an 
academy,  and  a  wagon-factory.     Pop.  150. 

Farmersville,  a  post-hnmlet  of  Merrick  co.,  Neb.,  6 
miles  N.W.  of  Chapman  Railroad  Station. 

Farmersville,  a  post-village  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y., 
about  23  miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Little  Valley,  and  4  miles 
S.  of  Farmersville  Station.     It  has  a  cheese-factory. 

Farmersville,  Seneca  co.,  N.Y.    See  FAnMEii. 

Farmersville,  a  post-villnge  in  Jackson  township, 
Montgomery  co.,  0.,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Dayton.  It  has  5 
churches,  carriage-shops,  and  cigar-factories.     Pop.  472. 

Farmersville,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  in 
West  Earl  township,  3  miles  from  Akron  Station.  It  has  a 
church,  a  hotel,  and  a  coach-factory. 

Farmersville,  a  hamlet  of  Union  co..  Pa.    See  CowAif. 

Farmersville,  a  post-village  of  Collin  co.,  Tex.,  38 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Dallas,  and  17  miles  by  rail  E.  of 
McKinney.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices, 
<tc.     Pop.  1093. 

Farmersville,  a  post-village  in  Leeds  co.,  Ontario,  14 
miles  W.  of  Drockville.  It  has  several  stores  and  hotels, 
grist-, saw-,  and  carding-mills,  nnd  3  cheese-factories.  P.  500. 

Farmersville,  Oxford  CO.,  Ontario.  SeeCoRSELLViLLK. 

Farmersville  Station,  a  post-village  of  Cattaraugus 
CO.,  N.Y.,  76  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Rochester,  and  33  miles 
by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Salamanca.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw- 
mill, and  a  cheese-box  factory.     Pop.  150. 

Farmer  Village,  Seneca  co.,  N.Y.    See  FAnwER. 

Farm'erville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Union  parish, 
La.,  1  mile  N.  of  the  navigable  Bayou  d'Arbonne,  and  77 
miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Shreveport.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
high  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  472. 

Farm  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Olmsted  co.,  Minn.,  12  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Rochester.  It  has  2  churches  and  12  houses. 
Pop.  70. 

Farm'ing,  a  township  of  Steame  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  623. 

Farm'ingdale,  a  post-office  of  Sangamon  co..  III.,  on 
the  Springfield  division  of  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad, 
9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Springfield. 

Farmingdale,  a  township  of  Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  on 
the  AV.  bank  of  the  Kennebec  River,  5  miles  below  Au- 
gusta.    Pop.  821. 

Farmingdale,  a  post-village  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  Freehold  A  Jamcsburg  Railroad  and  the  New  Jersey 
Southern  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Freehold,  and  15  miles 
S.W.  of  Long  Branch.  It  has  2  churches  and  an  iron- 
foundry. 

Farmingdale,  a  post-village  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  20 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Jamaica.  It  has  4  churches,  a  district 
school,  and  manufactures  of  picture-frames  and  pickles. 
Pop.  obout  900. 

Farmingdale,  a  post-office  of  Bledsoe  co.,  Tenn. 

I^arm'ington,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Ark., 
5  miles  W.  of.Fayetteville.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy, 
a  distillery,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Farmington,  a  post-villnge  of  San  Joaquin  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  Stockton  &  Visalia  Railroad,  18  miles  E.  of  Stock- 
ton. It  has  2  churches  and  a  graded  school.  Pop.  about 
250. 


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Farmington,  a  beautiful  post-village  of  Hartford  eo., 
Conn.,  on  the  Farmington  River,  and  in  a  township  of  the 
game  name,  9  or  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Hartford.  It  is  1 
mile  E.  of  the  Farmington  Station  of  the  New  Haven  & 
Northampton  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  CoUinsvillo 
Branch,  31  miles  N.  of  New  Haven.  It  has  a  savings- 
bank,  several  churches,  and  a  money-order  post-office.  The 
township  contains  Unionville,  and  has  a  pop.  (1890)  of  3179. 

Farmington,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  Del.,  on  the 
Delaware  Railroad,  68  miles  S.  of  Wilmington.  It  has  2 
ihurches,  the  Farmington  Institute,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Farmington,  a  post-village  of  Oconee  co.,  Ga.,  14 
Iniles  S.  of  Athens.     It  has  2  churches. 

Farmington,  a  hamlet  of  Coles  co.,  III.,  in  Pleasant 
Grove  township,  8  miles  S.  of  Charleston.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  drug-store.     Here  is  Campbell  Post-Office. 

Farmington,  a  post-village  of  Fulton  co.,  HI.,  in 
Farmington  township,  at  the  junction  of  two  railroads,  12 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Canton,  and  22  miles  (direct)  W.  of 
Peoria.  It  contains  6  churches,  a  graded  school,  2  flour- 
ing-inills,  a  foundry,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  coal- 
mines, and  manufactures  of  bricks,  tiles,  cigars,  <fec.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1375;  of  the  township,  2654. 

Farmington,  a  station  in  Rush  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Cin- 
cinnati, Hamilton  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  3  miles  E.  of 
Rushvillc. 

Farmington,  a  township  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
1398,  exclusive  of  Durant. 

Farmington,  a  post-village  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa, 
in  Farmington  township,  on  the  Des  Moines  River,  at  the 
junction  of  two  railroads,  40  miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of 
Bloomfield,  and  20  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Keosauqua.  It 
has  7  churches,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  manufactures  of  woollen  goods,  cheese,  butter,  and 
lumber.     Pop.  in  1890,  1002. 

Farmington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Atchison  co.,  Kansas, 
'on  the  Central  Branch  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  12 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Atchison. 

Farmington,  township,  Republic  co.,  Kan.     Pop.  843. 

Farmington,  a  post-village  of  Graves  co.,  Ky.,  about 
40  miles  S.  of  Paducah.     It  has  a  store  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Farmington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Franklin  co.. 
Me.,  in  Farmington  township,  on  the  Sandy  River,  43  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Lewiston,  and  29  miles  (direct)  N.W.  of  Au- 
gusta. It  is  the  northern  terminus  of  the  Androscoggin 
division  of  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  83  miles  N.  of  Port- 
land. It  contains  a  court-house,  4  churches,  a  national 
bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  trust  company,  the  Western  Maine 
Normal  School,  a  newspaper  office,  the  Abbott  Family 
School,  several  wood-turning  factories,  and  manufactures 
of  carriages.  Quarries  of  slate  have  been  opened  in  this 
township.     Pop.  in  1890,  1243;  of  the  township,  3207. 

Farmington,  a  post-village  of  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  about  45 
miles  N.E.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  several  churches  near  it. 

Farmington,  a  post-village  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Farmington  townshij),  about  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pontiac, 
and  20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  a  town  hall,  a 
high  school,  3  churches,  2  flour-mills,  a  foundry,  and  2  saw- 
mills.    Pop.  in  1890,  320;  of  the  township,  1639. 

Farmington,  a  post- village  of  Dakota  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Empire  township,  on  the  Vermilion  River,  at  the  crossing 
of  two  railroads,  18  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Hastings,  and 
26  miles  S.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  high 
school,  a  bank,  a  flour-mill,  a  feed-mill,  a  sled-factory,  3 
hotels,  a  newspaper  office,  a  carriage- factory,  a  foundry  and 
machine-shop,  a  creamery,  2  grain-elevators,  a  hay-press, 
Ac.  A  large  quantity  of  wheat  is  shipped  here.  Pop.  in 
1890,  657. 

Farmington,  a  township  of  Olmsted  co.,  Minn. 

Farmington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  St.  Francois 
CO.,  Mo.,  2J  miles  N.  by  E.  of  De  Lassus,  and  85  miles  S. 
of  St.  Louis.  It  has  a  court-house,  9  churches,  a  bank,  3 
newspaper  offices,  the  Carleton  College,  a  seminary,  a  Bap- 
tist college,  and  manufactures  of  sash  and  doors,  wagons, 
ploughs,  soda-water,  flour,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1394. 

Farmington,  a  post-village  of  Strafford  co.,  N.II.,  in 
Farmington  township,  on  the  Cocheco  River,  18  miles  by 
rail  N.N.W.  of  Dover.  It  has  a  national  bank,  2  churches, 
a  savings-bank,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
manufactures  of  boots  and  shoes,  boxes,  and  lumber.  Pop. 
of  the  township  in  1890,  3064. 

Farmington,  or  New  Salem,  a  post- village  of  On- 
tario CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Farmington  township,  about  20  miles 
S.E.  of  Rochester.  The  township  contains  Farmington 
Station,  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  6  miles  N.W. 
of  Canandaigua;  also  3  Friends'  meetings.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1703. 


Farmington,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Davio 
CO.,  N.C.,  about  28  miles  N.  of  Salisbury.  It  has  2  churches, 
an  academy,  and  manufactures  of  tobacco  and  wagons. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  2546. 

Farmington,  a  hamlet  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  in  Colerain 
township,  5i  miles  W.N.M^  of  Bridgeport.  It  has  a  church 
and  15  houses.     Here  is  Cope  Post-Office. 

Farmington,  a  post-village  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  in 
Farmington  township,  on  Grand  River,  and  on  the  Paincg- 
ville  <fc  Youngstown  Railroad,  28  miles  N.W.  of  Youngs- 
town,  and  about  44  miles  K  by  S.  of  Cleveland.  It  has 
several  churches,  and  manufactures  of  cheese  and  lumber. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1 056. 

Farmington,  a  hamlet  of  Butler  co..  Pa.,  in  Venango 
township,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Franklin.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  store.     Here  is  Eau  Claire  Post-Office.     Pop.  100. 

Farmington,  township,  Clarion  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1642. 

Farmington,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co..  Pa.,  about 
54  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Farmington,  a  station  in  Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Breinigsville  Branch  of  the  Catasauqua  A  Fogelsville  Rail- 
road, 2  miles  W,  of  Breinigsville. 

Farmington,  a  township  of  Tioga  co.,  Pa.  It  con 
tains  Farmington  Centre.     Pop.  997. 

Farmington,  a  township  of  Warren  co..  Pa.,  joins  New 
York.    P.  1101.    It  contains  Lander  and  Farmington  Centre. 

Farmington,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Tenn., 
about  44  miles  S.  of  Nashville.  It  has  an  academy  and  2 
churches. 

Farmington,  apost-hamlet  of  Grayson  co.,  Tex.,  about 
15  miles  S.  of  Sherman. 

Farmington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Davis  co., 
Utah,  on  the  Utah  Central  Railroad,  16  miles  N.  of  Salt 
Lake  City,  and  3  or  4  miles  E.  of  Great  Salt  Lake.  It  haa 
a  church,  a  bank,  an  academy,  and  grist-,  saw-,  and  other 
mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  1036. 

Farmington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  W.  Va., 
67  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Wheeling.  It  has  3  churches, 
planing-  and  flour-mills,  and  a  graded  school. 

Farmington,  a  post-township  of  Jefferson  co..  Wis. 
about  40  miles  W.  of  Milwaukee.  Pop.  2415.  It  contains 
a  village  named  Johnson's  Creek. 

Farmington,  a  township  of  La  Crosse  co.,  Wis.  Pop. 
1862.     It  contains  Burr  Oak  and  Mindoro. 

Farmington,  a  township  of  Polk  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
river  St.  Croix.  Pop.  777.  It  contains  East  and  West 
Farmington,  and  Farmington  Centre. 

Farmington,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Wig. 
Pop.  1717.     It  contains  Boltonville  and  Fillmore. 

Farmington,  a  township  of  Waupaca  co.,  AVis.  Pop. 
774.     It  contains  Sheridan. 

Farmington,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Wilmot. 

Farmington,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co..  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  14  miles  from  Georgetown.     Pop.  200. 

Farmington  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Farmington 
township,  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  about  14  miles  N.  of  Wellsborough. 

Farmington  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co..  Wis. 

Farmington  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Farmington 
township,  Franklin  co.,  Me.,  on  the  Sandy  River,  5  miles 
S.E.  of  Farmington  village,  and  about  30  miles  N.W.  of 
Augusta.  It  has  a  church,  several  lumber-mills,  and  about 
60  dwellings.     Pop.  about  350. 

Farmington  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  6 
miles  W.  of  Tioga.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Farmington  River  rises  in  Berkshire  co.,  Mass., 
and  runs  nearly  southward  into  Litchfield  co..  Conn.  It 
flows  southeastward  to  Farmington,  in  Hartford  co.,  and 
then  abruptly  changes  its  course  towards  the  N.  After  a 
very  tortuous  course  of  about  100  miles,  it  enters  the  Con- 
necticut River  at  Windsor,  7  miles  above  Hartford. 

Farm  Island,  a  small  island  in  the  river  St.  Clair, 
about  18  miles  below  Sarni.a,  Ontario. 

Farm'land,  a  post-village  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Monroe  township,  near  White  River,  8  miles  by  rail  W.  of 
Winchester,  and  14  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Muncie.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  2 
saw-mills,  a  handle-factory,  a  tile-factory,  and  a  roller- 
mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  770. 

Farm  Kidge,  a  post-hamlet  of  La  Salle  co.,  III.,  9  or 
10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ottawa. 

Farms,  a  post-hamlet  of  McPherson  co.,  Kansas,  18 
miles  N.  of  Halstead  Railroad  Station. 

Farmsnm,  faum'sum,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Groningen,  3  miles  E.  of  Appingedam. 

Farm's  Village,  a  post-village  of  Hartford  co..  Conn., 
in  Sirasbury  township,  about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Hartford. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  graded  school. 


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■  Farm'ville,  a  p<«t-»in»g«  of  Pitt  oo.,  N.C.,  22  miles 
E^.E.  of  Wilson.    It  bos  a  churoh  and  a  higb  school. 

Farmvillef  a  pu-H-villnge,  oupitnl  of  I'l-ince  KJnartl 
CO.,  Va.,  on  the  Appomattox  RWcr,  26  miles  by  mil  N.W. 
of  Nottoway  Cuurt-HoQse,  and  18  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W. 
of  Curaborhtml  Court-IIousc.  It  has  7  oburches,  2  banks, 
a  foinnlc  stnle  normal  school,  a  newspaper  oSioe,  and  man- 
ufuetures  of  plough-handles  and  tobacco.     Pup.  2i0-i. 

Farm'wvllf  a  post-hamlet  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va.,  7  miles 
by  rail  S.K.  of  Leesburg.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  a 
flour-mill,  and  eenoral  stores. 

Far'nam's  Feak«  Colorado,  a  mountain  in  the  South 
Park,  lat.  39°  10'  N.,  Ion.  105°  33'  15"  W.  lU  altitude  is 
11,400  feet  above  the  sea-lerel. 

Faru'doii,  a  post-village  in  Missisquoi  oo.,  Quebec,  5 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  AVest  Famham.     Pop.  lUO. 

Fame  (farn)  or  Fern  Islands^  a  group  of  17  islets 
and  rocks  off  the  £.  coast  of  England,  oo.  of  Durham,  lying 
between  2  and  5  miles  from  the  mainland,  opposite  linm- 
borough.  Innumerable  sea-birds  build  on  these  islands,  on 
which  there  are  light-houses.  On  one  of  these  islets,  where 
St.  Cutbbert  died,  are  a  square  tower,  a  ruined  church,  and 
the  stone  coffin  of  the  saint. 

Farn'ham,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  on  a 
railway,  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Guildford.  The  town  has  an 
ancient  church,  an  endowed  gnimmar-school,  and  a  castle, 
the  palace  of  the  £ishop  of  Winchester,  with  a  valuable 
library  and  colloction  of  paintings.  Two  miles  S.  are  the 
ruins  of  Waverley  Abbey.     Pop.  4461. 

Farii'hani)  a  post-village  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  26  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Buffalo,  and  about  1  mile  from  Lake  Erie.  It  has  a 
church,  and  a  factory  for  canned  goods.     Pop.  about  200. 

Famham  J  a  post-office  of  Wood  co.,  0.,  on  the  Dayton 
A  Michigan  Railroad,  33  miles  S.S.W.  of  Toledo. 

Famhain,  a  post-village  of  Richmond  co.,  Va.,  about 
60  miles  E.N.E.  of  Richmond.  It  has  several  churches  and 
a  flour-mill. 

Famham,  Quebec.    See  East  and  West  Far-vham. 

Faru'ham  Centre*  a  post-village  in  13rome  co.,  Que- 
bec, 2  miles  S.  of  Brigham.     Pop.  300. 

Far'numsvillc,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 
in  Grafton,  on  the  Providence  &  Worcester  Railroad,  111 
miles  S.E.  of  Worcester.    It  has  a  church  and  2  cotton-mills. 

Faro,  fi'ro,  a  seaport  of  Portugal,  in  Algarve,  on  the 
Valfermoso,  near  the  S.  coast,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Tavira. 
Pop.  S097.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  cathedral,  several 
convents  and  charitable  establishments,  a  military  hospital, 
custom-house,  arsenal,  and  superior  schools.  The  exports 
are  fruits,  wine,  cork,  sumach,  baskets,  and  anchovies. 

Faro,  a  village  of  Portugal,  in  Alemtejo,  12  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Beja.     Pop.  325. 

Faro,  fi'ro,  two  villages  of  Sicily,  near  Cape  Faro. 

Faro,  an  island  of  Sweden.    See  Farce. 

Faro,  fi'ro,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state  of  Par£,  on  a  con- 
siderable lake,  40  miles  W.  of  Obidos. 

Fnro  (fi'ro)  Chan'nel,  a  name  sometimes  given  to 
the  Strait  of  Messina;  and  the  two  great  divisions  of  the 
Neapolitan  dominions  were  accordingly  called  the  Dotninij- 
al-di-ld  and  ul-di-qud  di  Faro  ("dominions  on  this  side" 
and  those  "  beyond  the  Faro"). 

Faroe,  fi'ro  or  fi'ro',  or  Faero,  fi'ro  (Dan.  Fdro- 
erne,  fi'ro'dr-n?h ;  Ger.  FUroer,  fi'ro-?r;  Fr.  Fmrx,  fi'ri' ; 
Sp.  Ferro,  ihWno),  a  group  of  islands  in  the  North  At- 
lantic, belonging  to  Denmark,  about  170  miles  N.W.  of 
the  Shetland  Isles,  between  lat.  61°  20'  and  62°  20'  N., 
and  intersected  centrally  by  Ion.  7°  W.  They  are  22  in 
number,  but  of  these  17  only  are  inhabited.  The  whole 
group  stretches  about  63  miles  from  N.  to  S.  and  44  miles 
from  E.  to  W.  The  largest  isle  is  Stromoe;  the  other 
larger  ones  are  Osteroe,  Suderoe,  Sandoe,  Vaagoe,  and  Bor- 
doe;  aggregate  area,  514  square  miles.  The  islands  gen- 
erally present  steep  and  lofty  precipices  to  the  sea,  the  sur- 
face rising  towards  the  interior  and  terminating  in  peaks. 
The  culminating  point,  Slattarctind,  in  the  island  of  Os- 
teroe, has  a  height  of  2800  feet.  The  soil  for  the  most  part 
is  thin.  Barley  is  the  only  cereal  that  comes  to  maturity. 
Turnips  and  potatoes  thrive  well.  There  is  no  wood,  but 
the  want  of  it  is  compensated  by  abundance  of  excellent 
turf  and  by  good  lignite.  The  minerals  include  fine  opal. 
The  feathers  of  wild  fowl  form  an  important  article  of 
trado;  but  the  wealth  of  the  inhabitants  is  derived  chiefly 
from  fishing  and  the  rearing  of  sheep.  The  islands  were 
originally  peopled  by  Norwegians.  In  the  legislature  of 
Denmark  they  are  represented  by  a  deputy,  named  by  the 
king.  They  have  also  a  legislature,  or  latjthing,  of  their 
own.    Their  chief  magistrates  are  an  amtman,  who  is  also 


commandant,  and  a  landvogt,  who  is  also  head  of  police. 
The  capital  is  Thorshavn,  in  Stromoe.     Pop.  (isyo)  i:i,Ua4. 

Farw,  fi'rii,  or  FarO,  fi'ro,  an  island  in  the  lialtio^ 
belonging  to  Sweden,  off  the  N.  extremity  of  Gothland,  of 
which  it  is  a  dependency,  and  separated  from  it  by  Fur<B 
Sound,  2  miles  across.  Lat.  53°  N. ;  Ion.  19°  16'  E.  Length 
from  N.  to  S.,  10  miles;  breadth,  6  miles.  On  its  E.  side 
is  a  village  of  the  same  name. 

Farquhar,  far'kar,  a  post-village  in  Huron  oo.,  On- 
tario, 10  miles  S.W.  of  Mitchell.     Pop.  150. 

Far'ragut,  a  post-village  of  Fremont  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Fisher  township,  near  the  East  Nishnabatona  River,  30 
miles  by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Nebraska  City.  It  has  2  churchfs, 
a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  and  manufactures 
of  lumber.     Pop.  in  18y0,  406. 

Farrakabad,  India.    Bee  Furbuckabad. 

Far'rall,  a  post-office  of  Platte  co.,  Neb. 

Far'randsvillc,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Philadelphia  •&  Erie  Railroad,  and  on  the  M'est  Branch  of 
the  Susquehanna  River,  5  miles  above  Lock  Haven.  It  has 
a  manufactory  of  fire-bricks,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  church. 
Iron  and  semi-bituminous  coal  were  formerly  mined  here. 
Pop.  about  300. 

Far'ran'9  Point,  a  post-village  in  Stormont  co.,  On- 
tario, on  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  81  miles  by  rail  W.  of 
Montreal.  It  contains  several  stores,  hotels,  and  mills. 
Here  is  a  canal  around  Farran's  Point  Rapids.     Pop.  300. 

Farrar,  farVar',  several  islands  in  the  Red  Sea,  near 
the  coast  of  Arabia.     Lat.  19°  17'  N.;  Ion.  40°  40'  E. 

Far'rel,  a  post-office  of  Albany  co.,  Wyoming. 

Far'ribaville,  a  post-office  of  Sevier  co.,  Ark. 

Farrierville,  far'ro-^r-vil,  a  village  of  Bullock  co., 
Ala.,  5  miles  from  Linwood  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Far'ringdon,  Far'ingdon,  or  Great  Far'ing> 
don,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Berks,  at  the  foot  of  Far- 
ringdon  Ilill,  in  the  Vale  of  the  White  Ilorso,  32  miles  by  rail 
W.N.W.  of  Reading.  It  is  an  ancient  and  very  neat  town, 
with  an  interesting  old  church,  a  town  hall,  a  large  na^ 
tional  school,  a  branch  bank,  and  an  extensive  trado  in 
corn  and  bacon.     Pop.  of  parish,  3525. 

Far'rington,  a  station  on  the  Illinois  Midland  Rail- 
road, at  its  junction  with  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  &  Terre 
Haute  Railroiid,  8  miles  N.AV.  of  Terre  Haute,  Ind. 

Far  Rock'away,  a  post-village  and  bathing-place  in 
Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  12  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Jamaica,  and  about 
20  miles  S.E.  of  Brooklyn.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a 
high  school,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufac- 
tures of  ice  and  furniture.     Pop.  in  1S90,  2288. 

Farr's  (farz)  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co,, 
Wis.,  6  miles  W.  of  Lodi  Station.     It  has  a  cheeso-foctory. 

Farrsviile,  farz'vll,  a  post-hamlct  of  Newton  co.,  Tex., 
60  miles  N.  of  Orange.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  store. 

Fars,  or  Farsistan,  far'sis-tin'  (anc.  Per'sis),  a  prov- 
ince of  Persia,  mostly  between  lat.  28°  and  32°  N.  and  Ion. 
50°  and  55°  E.,  having  S.AV,  the  Persian  Gulf,  and  on  other 
sides  enclosed  by  the  provinces  of  Khoozistan,  Irak-Ajemee, 
Yezd,  Kerman,  and  Laristan.  The  surface  is  very  various ; 
on  the  coast  it  is  level,  and  the  climate  hot ;  in  the  interior 
are  mountain-ranges  rising  to  2500  or  3000  feet  in  height 
and  interspersed  with  many  long  and  niirrow  fertile  plains. 
The  principal  rivers  are  the  Bundemeer,  Tab,  and  Nabon. 
Salt  lakes  are  numerous.  The  products  comprise  corn,  rice, 
dates,  raisins,  and  other  fruits,  fine  tobacco,  opium,  saffron, 
hemp,  cotton,  attar  of  roses,  silk,  and  wine.  Many  cattle 
and  sheep  are  reared ;  and  the  horses,  camels,  and  asses 
are  of  superior  breeds.  The  principal  minerals  are  lead, 
iron,  marble,  borax,  naphtha,  and  salt.  The  inhabitants 
are  among  the  most  civilized  and  industrious  in  the  king- 
dom, and  manufacture  fine  woollen,  silk,  and  cotton  stuffs. 
Capital,  Shecraz..  Pop.  1,700,000.  Fars  contains  the  ruins 
of  Persepolis,  Pasargada,  and  Shapoor.  It  was  the  patri- 
mony of  Cyrus,  and,  with  the  substitute  of  P  for  its  initial 
letter,  it  gave  name,  in  European  languages,  to  the  whole 
empire  of  his  successors.     See  Persia. 

Farsan  (far'sin')  Islands,  in  the  Red  Sea,  E.  side, 
about  lat.  16°  30'  N.,  Ion.  42°  45'  E.  They  are  two  in  num- 
ber, and  are  the  largest  of  all  along  this  coast,  but  may  be* 
considered  as  forming  one  island  only,  being  connected  by 
a  sandy  spit  of  shoal  water,  across  which  camels  frequently 
pass.  The  westernmost,  Farsan  Kebcer,  is  31  miles  long, 
and  the  other,  Farsan  Seggeer,  about  IS  miles. 

Farshoot,  or  Farchoute,  far'shoot',  written  also 
Farshiout,  a  town  of  Upper  Egypt,  near  the  W.  bank  of 
the  Nile,  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Girgeh.  It  has  a  Coptic  churcl^ 
a  government  school,  and  a  cotton-yarn  factory. 

Farsistan,  a  pro>ince  of  Persia.     See  Fars. 

Farsund,  fan'soond,  a  village  of  Norway,  stifl  of  Chriij- 


FAR 


1165 


FAV 


tiania,  50  miles  W.  of  Christiansand,  on  the  North  Sea.  The 
diief  exports  are  dried  fish.     Pop.  1230. 

Fartash,  farHish',  or  Fartak,  farHik',  called  also 
gaeef  (Saif ),  si'ecf,  or  Kersah,  k6r's4,  a  seaport  of 
Arabia,  on  its  W.  side. 

Fartash,  or  Fartak,  Cape.    See  Cape  Fartash. 

Farther  India.    See  I.ndia  and  Indo-Chixa. 

Farther  Point,  Quebec.    See  Fatheh  Point. 

Far'well,  a  post-village  of  Clare  co.,  Mich.,  in  Surrey 
township,  on  the  Tobacco  River,  and  on  the  Flint  &  Pere 
Marquette  Railroad,  55  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Saginaw. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  union  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
foundry,  a  flouring-mill,  several  saw-mills  and  shingle-mills, 
and  manufactures  of  pail-,  tub-,  and  peavy-handles.  Pop. 
In  1890,  584. 

i  •  Fas,  a  city  of  Morocco.     See  Fez. 
i;  Fasa,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Fesa. 
-   Fasana,  fi-si'ni.  a  seaport  of  Austria-Hungary,  in 
fgtria,  62  miles  S.  of  Triest,  opposite  the  Brioni  Islands. 

Fasano,  fi-si'no,  a  city  of  Italy,  province  of  Bari,  8 
inilcs  S.E.  of  Monopoli.  Pop.  14,809.  It  contains  several 
churches  and  a  convent. 

Fasher,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  El  Fasher. 

Fashoda,  Faschoda,  or  Fachoda,  fi-sho'di,  a 
densely-peopled  and  very  fertile  district  of  Africa,  on  the 
White  Nile,  in  the  Shillook  country.  Capital,  Fashoda. 
Pop.  about  300,000. 

Fashoda,  a  town,  capital  of  the  above,  on  the  W.  bank 
Qf  the  White  Nile,  about  lat.  10°  N.     Pop.  3000. 

FasogI,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Fazogl. 

Fas'sett,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Northern  Central  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Elmira,  N.Y. 

Fast'net,  a  rocky  islet,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Cape  Clear, 
Ireland.    It  has  a  light-house. 

Fataghar,  a  town  of  India.    See  Futtehghur. 
,  Fatahganj,  a  town  of  India.    See  Futtehguxge. 
^P'ata'ma,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilcox  co.,  Ala.,  14  miles 
W.  of  Pine  Apple  Railroad  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Fatarella,  fi-ti-rSryi,  or  Fatorrclia,  fi-tou-nSr- 
jri,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  37  miles  W.N.W.  of  Tar- 
ragona.   Pop,  2002. 

Fatatenda,  fi-t5,-t5n'dl,  a  town  of  West  Africa,  on 
the  Gambia.   Lat.  13°  22'  N.;  Ion.  14°  10'  W. 

Fatchio,  fitch'e-o\  an  island  of  the  Japanese  domin- 
ions, in  the  Strait  of  Corea.  Lat.  34°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  129°  30' 
ii.     It  is  a  place  of  banishment  for  state  criminals. 

Fateereh,  fi-tce'r^h,  a  village  and  ruined  town  in  the 
Eastern  desert  of  Upper  Egypt,  55  miles  N.E.  of  Keneh, 
with  Roman  antiquities  and  granite-quarries. 

Fatehpur,  a  town  of  India.    See  Futtehpoor. 

Fatczh,  Fatesch,  or  Fatej,  fiHinh',  a  town  of  Rus- 
sia, government  and  33  miles  N.W.  of  Koorsk,  near  the 
right  bank  of  the  Oosoja.     Pop.  5528. 

Fath'er  Point,  or  Far'ther  Point,  a  post-village  in 
Rimouski  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence, 
near  the  mouth  of  the  Rimouski  River,  196  miles  below 
Quebec  by  land,  132  by  water.  Here  are  a  light-house  and 
a  telegraph  station.  Outward-bound  vessels  leave  their 
fiilots  at  this  place.     Pop.  100. 

Fathipur,  India.    See  Futttpoor  and  Futtehpoor. 

Fatorrella,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Fatarella. 

Fatsa,  or  Fatsah,  fit's!  (anc.  Phodimna),  a  town 
of  Asia  Minor,  on  the  Black  Sea,  60  miles  E.S.E.  of  Samsoon. 
Two  miles  E.  are  the  ruins  of  Poleinonium. 
,  Fat-Shan,  or  Fuh-Shan,  a  city  of  China,  in  Quang- 
Tong,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Canton.  It  has  large  iron-works, 
and  has  been  called  "the  Birmingham  of  China." 

Fatsizio,  Fatzizio,  f8,t-see'ze-o\  or  Fatziziou, 
f&t-zee'ze-oo\  called  also  Hacliijo,  hi-chee'jo\  an  island 
of  Japan.  Lat.  33°  6'  N. ;  Ion.  140°  E.  It  is  21  miles  long 
by  7i  miles  broad,  and  contains  a  town  of  the  same  name. 
State  criminals  are  banished  to  this  island. 

Fatteconda,  or  Faticonda,  fatHe-kon'da,  a  town 
of  Senegambia,  in  Bondoo,  on  the  Falemg  River,  lat.  14° 
25'  N.,  Ion.  11°  30'  W.,  50  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Bakel. 

Fatwa,  a  town  of  India.    See  Futwa. 

Fau'cetts,  township,  Alamance  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1327. 

Faucigny,  f  o'seen^yee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ilaute- 
Savoie,  3  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bonneville. 

Fancilles,  f  o'seel',  a  mountain-range  of  France,  de- 
partments of  Marne  and  Vosges,  connected  E.  with  the 
Vosges  Mountains,  and  S.AV.  separating  the  basins  of  the 
Meuse  and  Moselle  from  that  of  the  Saone.  Les  Fourches, 
the  summit,  is  1611  feet  in  elevation. 

Faucogney,  fo'kon'yd',  a  village  of  France,  inllaute- 
Baftne,  at  the  foot  of  the  Vosges  Mountains,  11  miles  N.N.E. 
tl  Lure.     Pop.  1140. 


Fauglia,  fowl'yi,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  11 
miles  E.  of  Leghorn,     Pop.  of  commune,  6933. 

Faulhorn,  fowl'bom,  a  mountain  of  the  Alps,  Switzer- 
land, canton  and  32  miles  S.E.  of  Bern,  between  Grindelwald 
Valley  and  the  Brienzer-See.     Elevation,  8802  feet. 

Faulk,  fawk,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  South 
Dakota.  It  has  an  area  of  1010  square  miles.  Capital, 
Fnulkton.     Pop.  in  1880,  4;  in  1890,  4062. 

Fauikland,  fawk'lg,nd,  a  post-village  of  New  Castle 
CO.,  Del.,  on  the  Wilmington  &  Western  Railroad,  7  miles 
from  Wilmington.     Here  is  Brandywine  mineral  spring. 

Faulkner,  fawk'n?r,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part 
of  Arkansas.  Area,  623  square  miles.  It  is  partly  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  the  Arkansas  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the 
Little  Rock  &  Fort  Smith  Railroad.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating; the  soil  is  fertile.  Capital,  Conway.  Cotton,  Indian 
corn,  and  pork  are  its  staples.     Pop.  in  1890,  18,342. 

Faulkner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Central  Railroad  of  Iowa,  21  miles  N.  of  Eldora. 

Faulkner's  Island,  a  small  islet  in  Long  Island 
Sound,  off  the  entrance  to  the  harbor  of  Guilford,  Conn.  It 
is  quite  elevated,  and  has  a  flashing  light  with  a  fog-bell. 
Lat.  41°  12'  41"  N.;  Ion.  72°  38'  54"  W. 

Faulk'ton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Faulk  co.,  S.D., 
58  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Eureka,  and  about  41  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Gettysburg.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  2 
academics,  and  3  newspaper  oflBces.     Pop.  462. 

Faunsdale,  fawnz'dal,  a  post-village  of  Marengo  co., 
Ala.,  35  miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Selma,  and  17  miles 
(direct)  N.N.E  of  Linden.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  2 
grist-mills,  and  cotton-gins.     Pop.  211. 

Fauqueinont,  the  French  name  of  Valkenburg. 
Fauquier,  faw'keer,  a  northern  county  of  Virginia,, 
has  an  area  of  about  680  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  cj 
the  S.W.  by  the  Rappahannock  River,  and  on  the  N.W.  by 
the  Blue  Ridge.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  is 
extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly'  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
Gold  is  said  to  be  found  here.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Virginia  Midland  &  Great  Southern  Railroad  and  by 
the  Manassas  Branch  of  that  railroad.  Capital,  Warrenton. 
Pop.  in  1870.  19,690;  in  1880,  22,993;  in  1890,  22,590. 

Fauquier  Springs,  a  post-ofiSce  of  Fauquier  co.,  Va., 
6  miles  S.E.  of  Warrenton.     Here  are  mineral  springs. 
Faux,  an  island  of  the  East  Indies.    See  Few. 
Favaios,  fH-vi'oce  (anc.  Flaviast),  a  town  of  Portugal, 
in  Tras-os-Montes,  61  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Braga.     Pop.  2006. 
Favale,  fS,-vS.'li  (anc.  Fagn'le  Lig'urum  ?),  a  village 
of  Italy,  province  of  Genoa,  in  the  valley  of  Fontanabuona, 
almost  surrounded  by  lofty  precipices.     Pop.  1762. 

Favara,  fi-vi'ri,  a  town  of  Sicily,  6  miles  S.E.  of 
Girgenti.  Pop.  15,233.  It  has  rich  mines  of  sulphur. 
Faventia,  the  ancient  name  of  Faenza. 
Faverges,  fiVaiRzh'  (L.  Falrieie  ?),  a  village  of  France, 
in  Savoy,  near  the  Lake  of  Annecy,  23  miles  N.E.  of  Chani- 
bdry.  Pop.  1372.  It  has  manufactures  of  paper  and  cotton. 
Faverney,  fi^vfin^ni',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute- 
Sa8ne,  10  miles  N.  of  Vesoul,  on  the  Lauterne.  Pop.  1303. 
Faversham,  fav'§rsh-am,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Kent,  at  a  railway  junction,  45  miles  E.S.E.  of  London,  on 
a  navigable  branch  of  the  Swale.  It  consists  principally 
of  four  streets,  spacious,  well  paved,  and  well  lighted.  In 
the  centre  are  the  town  hall  and  market-place.  Faversham 
has  a  handsome  church,  chapels,  a  free  grammar-school,  a 
national  and  3  other  schools.  Vessels  of  150  tons  come  up 
the  Swale  to  the  town  at  common  tides,  and  it  is  the  seat 
of  a  considerable  foreign  and  coasting  trade,  and  of  a  sea- 
fishery.  The  principal  exports  are  corn,  hops,  fruit,  wooL 
and  other  produce ;  imports,  timber,  iron,  coal,  tar,  &o 
Faversham  has  long  been  celebrated  for  the  manufacture 
of  gunpowder  and  Roman  cement;  but  the  oyster-fishery 
has  become  the  principal  trade.  King  Stephen  was  buried 
in  the  abbey  which  he  founded  here  in  1147.  The  town 
gives  the  title  of  baron  to  the  Buncombes.    Pop.  10,478. 

Favignana,  fJ-veen-yi'ni  (anc.  jHyu'ta  or  ^tku'sa), 
an  island  of  the  Mediterranean,  off  the  W,  coast  of  Sicily^ 
11  miles  S.W.  of  Trapani.  Length,  6  miles.  In  the  centre, 
on  its  highest  point,  is  St.  Catharine's  Cattle.  On  its  E.  side 
is  its  principal  town,  San  Leonardo,  and  on  its  N.  coast  a 
good  harbor,  defended  by  Fort  San  Giacomo.  Pop.  5418. 
Fa'vor,  a  post-oflBce  of  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas. 
Favorita,  fJ.-vo-ree't4,  a  village  and  beautiful  country- 
seat  of  Italy,  in  the  vicinity  of  Mantua,  memorable  as  the 
scene  of  several  severe  contests  between  the  French  and  the 
Austrians,  in  which  the  former  were  victorious. 

Favria,  fiv're-d,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Turin. 
Pop.  2651. 


FAW 


1166 


FAY 


FaTr'eett*8  Gap,  »  post-hnmlot  of  Frederick  oo.,  Va., 
8  wiles  (direct)  W.ii.Vf.  of  Wincheater,  the  capital  of  the 
county,  and  A  miles  (direct)  W.  of  Kornrtown  Station. 
Fawey,  a  river  of  England.    Sec  Fowkt. 
Fawn,  a  township  of  Alloghanj  oo.,  Pa.      Pop.  618. 
Fawn  Post-Office  is  at  Millcrstuwn. 

Fawn,  a  township  of  York  co.,  Pa.,  Joins  Maryland. 
Pop.  1S47.     It  contains  Fawn  Orovo  and  Gatohellville. 

Fawn  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Montgomery  co., 
Kansas,  about  10  miles  S.  of  Independence.     Pop.  H22. 

Fawn  Grove,  a  post- village  of  York  co.,  Pa.,  in  Fawn 
township,  about  22  miles  S.E.  of  York.  It  has  2  churches, 
an  academy,  a  public  school,  and  general  stores  and  business 
houses.     Pop.  19U. 

Fawn  River  rises  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Indiana,  runs 
nearly  westward,  crosses  three  times  the  N.  boundary  of 
the  ftate,  and  enters  the  St.  Joseph  River  at  Constantine, 
in  Michigan. 

Fawn  River,  a  post-township  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Mich., 
about  75  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lansing.     Pop.  602.     It  contains 
Fawn  River  Station,  which  is  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michi- 
gan Southern  Railroad.    Here  are  2  stores  and  a  grist-mill. 
Fawnsdale,  Marengo  co.,  Ala.    See  Faunsd^le. 
Faxardo,  a  town  of  Porto  Rico.    See  Fajardo. 
Faxoe,  fax'o^h,  a  village  of  Denmark,  island  of  Seo- 
land,  33  miles  S.W.  of  Copenhagen,  about  2  miles  from  the 
sea.     It  has  noted  quarries  of  building-limestone  of  a  pale- 
yellow  color  and  composed  mainly  of  petrifactions  of  marine 
animals. 

Fax'on,  a  post-village  of  Sibley  co.,  Minn.,  in  Faxon 
township,  on  the  Minnesota  River,  and  on  the  St.  Paul  & 
Sioux  City  Railroad,  52  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has 
a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  498. 

Fay,  fi,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Loire- Inf€- 
rieure,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Savenay.     Pop.  1862. 

Fayal,  li-il',  one  of  the  Azores,  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean  ; 
lat.  (\V.  point)  38°  35'  36"  N.,  Ion.  28°  50'  30"  W.  In  its 
centre  is  a  mountain  rising  about  3000  feet.  The  soil  is  re- 
markably fertile.  The  island  produces  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
potatoes,  onions,  wine,  and  oranges.  The  principal  exports 
are  oranges  and  wine.  The  imports  arc  manufactures,  cot- 
ton twist,  and  flax,  colonial  produce,  tea.  tobacco,  and  soap. 
Fo.val  has,  besides,  a  considerable  transit  trade.  American 
whalers  touch  at  the  island  and  land  the  oil  of  such  fish  as 
they  have  caught  on  their  outward  voyage.  Fayal  has  a 
good  bay  opposite  to  Pico.  Opposite  the  town  of  Horta,  in 
the  bay  of  that  name,  is  the  bei^t  anchorage  in  the  Azores. 
The  chief  town  is  Ilorta,  on  the  S.E.  side  of  the  island,  itself 
sometimes  incorrectly  callod  Fayall.     Pop.  26,264. 

Fay-aux-Loges,  fi-o-lozh,  a  village  of  France,  in 
Loiret,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Orleans.     Pop.  1753. 

Fayence,  fi^6Ns.s',  a  village  of  France,  in  Var,  12  miles 
N.E.  of  Draguignan.  It  has  manufactures  of  earthenware 
and  glass.     Pop.  1919. 

Fayence,  a  French  name  of  Faenza. 
Fayette,  fi-yfit',  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Ala- 
bama, has  an  area  of  about  700  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Sipsey  River,  and  partly  drained  by  a  small 
affluent  of  the  Black  Warrior  River.  The  surface  is  un- 
even or  hilly,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is 
fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  arc  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. It  is  intersected  by  the  Georgia  Pacific  Railroiid, 
which  passes  through  Fayette  Court-IIouse,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  7136;  in  1880,  10.135;  in  1890,  12,823. 

Fayette,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an 
area  of  about  152  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
and  S.E.  by  the  Flint  River.  The  surface  is  level  or  undu- 
lating, and  extensively  covered  with  forests;  the  soil  pro- 
duces cotton  and  Indian  corn.  Granite  is  abundant  in  this 
county,  which  also  has  beds  of  iron  ore.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Atlanta  &  Florida  Railroad  and  the  Central  of  Geor- 
gia Railroad.  Capital,  Fayetteville.  Pop.  in  1870,  8221; 
in  1880,  8605;  in  1890,  8728. 

Fayette,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Illinois,  has 
an  area  of  about  720  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Kaskaskia  River,  which  runs  in  a  S.W.  direction.  The 
surface  is  undulatiog  or  nearly  level,  and  a  large  part  of 
it  is  covered  with  forests  of  good  timber.  It  has  also  extensive 
prairies.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats, 
pork,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  minerals 
are  coal  and  limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Toledo  St. 
Louis  <S;  Kansas  City  Railroad,  the  Vandalia  Line  of  Rail- 
road, and  the  Illinois  Central  Rnilroad,the  latter  two  running 
through  Vandalia,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870, 
19,638;  in  1880,  23,241 ;  in  1890,  23,367. 

Fayette,  a  county  in  the  E.S.E.  part  of  Indiana,  has 
an  area  of  about  210  square  miles.    It  is  intersected  by  the 


West  Branch  of  the  Whitewater  River.  The  surface  is 
partly  level  and  partly  undulating ;  the  soil  is  very  fertile 
Nearly  one-third  of  it  is  covered  with  dense  forests,  in  which 
the  ash,  beech,  oak,  and  sugar-maple  are  found.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  gross,  and  pork  are  the  stnjile  products.  This 
county  has  abundance  of  limestone.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Dayton,  Clevelana,  Cincinnati,  Chi- 
cago &  St.  Louis,  and  Fort  Wayne,  Cincinnati  A  Louisville 
Railroads,  all  communicating  with  Connorsvillo  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  10,476;  in  1880,  11,394;  in  1890,  12,f>.S0. 

Fayette,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  ))art  of  lown,  has  an 
area  of  720  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Turkey 
River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Volga  River,  which  rises  in 
it,  and  by  Buflfalo  Creek.  The  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids 
&  Northern  Railroad,  the  Chicago,  Miltynukoo  A  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  and  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul  A  Kansas  City  Railroad 
traverse  the  county.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is 
diversified  with  prairies  and  forests;  the  soil  is  very  fer- 
tile. Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  hay  are  the  staple 
products.  Good  Silurian  limestone  underlies  part  of  tnis 
county.  Capital,  West  Union.  Pop.  in  1870,  16,973;  in 
1880,  22,258;  in  1890,  23,141. 

Fayette,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Kentucky, 
has  an  area  of  252  square  miles.  It  is  ooundcd  on  the  S. 
by  the  Kentucky  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  North 
and  South  Branches  of  Elkhorn  Creek,  which  rise  within 
its  limits.  The  surface  is  undulating  and  diversified  with 
beautiful  scenery;  the  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
hemp  (in  large  quantities),  wheat,  oats,  cattle,  and  pork 
are  the  principal  staple  products.  The  rock  which  under- 
lies the  soil  is  good  Lower  Silurian  limestone,  often  cnlled 
blue  or  Trenton  limestone.  Lead  is  found  here.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Kentucky  Central  Railroad,  the 
Kentucky  Union  Railroad,  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Rail- 
road, the  Louisville  Southern  Railroad,  the  Queen  <fe  Cres- 
cent Route  Railroad,  and  the  Newport  News  <t  Mississippi 
Valley  Railroad,  all  communicating  with  Lexington,  the 
capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  26,656;  in  1880,  29,023;  in  1890, 
35,698. 

Fayette,  a  southwestern  county  of  Ohio,  has  an  area 
of  398  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Paint  Creek  and  the 
North  Fork  of  that  creek.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests;  the 
soil  is  deep  and  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  cattle, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products  of  the  county.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Cincinnati  A  Muskingum  Valley,  Colum- 
bus &  Cincinnati  Midland,  Dayton,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago, 
and  Ohio  Southern  Railroads.  Capital,  Washington.  Pop. 
in  1870,  17,170;  in  1880,  20,364;  in  1890,  22,309. 

Fayette,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Pennsylvania, 
bordering  on  West  Virginia,  has  an  area  of  830  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Youghiogheny  River,  and  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  the  Monongahela  River,  and  is  also  drained 
by  Redstone  Creek.  The  surface  is  finely  diversified  with 
valleys,  hills,  and  two  long  ridges,  called  Chestnut  Ridge  and 
Laurel  Hill.  A  large  part  of  the  county  is  covered  with 
forests,  in  which  the  sugar-maple  is  found.  The  soil  is 
mostly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  wheat,  hay.  pork,  wool, 
and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  valu- 
able beds  of  bituminous  coal.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  tho  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  and 
the  Pittsburg  <fc  Lake  Erie  Railroad,  the  first  two  com- 
municating with  Uniontown,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
43,284;  in  1880,  58,842;  in  1890,  80,006. 

Fayette,  a  county  of  AVest  Tennessee,  bordering  on  the 
state  of  Mississippi,  has  an  area  of  630  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Loosahatchie  and  Wolf  Rivers.  The  surface 
is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests,  in  which  several  species  of  oak  are  found.  The 
soil  is  very  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Sandstone  underlies  part  of  the  county. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad,  the 
Tennessee  Midland  Railroad,  and  the  Louisville  &  Nashville 
Railroad,  the  first  two  communicating  with  Somervillo, 
the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  26,145;  in  1880, 
31,871;  in  1890,28,878. 

Fayette,  a  county  in  tho  S.E.  central  part  of  Texas, 
has  an  area  of  960  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Colorado  River,which  is  navigable  and  divides  it  into  two 
nearly  equal  parts.  The  surface  is  undulating  and  diversi- 
fied by  prairies  and  groves;  the  soil  is  a  fertile  sandy  loam. 
Cotton,  Indian  corn,  ribbon-cane,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  copiously  supplied  with 
good  timber.  It  is  intersected  by  the  San  Antonio  <t  Aransas 
Pass,  Southern  Pacific,  and  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Rail- 
roads. Capital,  La  Grange.  Pop.  in  1870, 16,863 ;  in  1880. 
27,996;  in  1890,  31,48L 


TAT 


1167 


FAY 


Fayette,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  West  Virginia,  has 
an  area  of  750  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Kanawha  or  New  River,  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Qauley 
Kiver,  and  on  the  N.E.  by  Meadow  River.  The  surface  is 
diversified  with  picturesque  mountain-scenery,  and  is  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests.  On  the  bank  of  New  River 
is  a  remarkable  cliff,  called  Marshall's  Pillar,  which  is 
about  1000  feet  high.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile  and  adapted 
to  pasturage.  Indian  corn,  oats,  grass,  pork,  and  tobacco 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  beds  of  coal  and 
iron  ore.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Chesapeake  <fc  Ohio  Rail- 
road, which,  in  this  county,  runs  along  the  banks  of  the 
Kanawha  River.  Capital,  Fayetteville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
6647;  in  1880,  11,560,-  in  1890,  20,542. 

Fayette,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co..  III.,  about  32 
miles  N.  of  Alton,  and  4  miles  S.E.  of  Greenfield  Railroad 
Stntion.     It  has  a  drug- store,  a  flour-mill,  and  2  churches, 

Fayette,  a  township  of  Livingston  co..  111.  Pop,  648. 
It  contains  Strawn. 

Fayette,  a  township  of  Vigo  co.,  Ind.,  having  the 
Wabash  River  on  the  E.  .and  the  Illinois  line  on  the  W. 
Pop.  1792.     It  contains  Libertyville. 

Fayette,  a  township  of  Decatur  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1215, 

Fayette,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Iowa,  in  West- 
field  township,  on  the  Volga  River,  125  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Davenport,  and  10  miles  S.  of  West  Union.  It  has  a  bank, 
2  churches,  a  newspaper  oflBce,  a  wagon-  and  carriage- 
factory,  a  planing-mill,  and  a  creamery,  and  is  the  seat  of 
the  Upper  Iowa  University  (Methodist  Episcopal),  founded 
in  1868.     Pop.  in  1890,  1062. 

Fayette,  a  township  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa,  bounded  E.  by 
the  Cedar  River.     Pop.  622. 

Fayette,  a  hamlet  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas,  about  20 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Wichita.     It  has  a  church. 

Fayette,  a  post-town  of  Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  15  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Augusta.  It  has  2  churches,  a  creamery,  saw- 
and  lumber-mills,  a  corn-packing  factory,  Ac.     Pop.  649. 

Fayette,  a  post-village  of  Delta  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  E. 
shore  of  Big  Bay  de  Noquet,  20  miles  E.  of  Escanaba.  It 
has  1  or  2  churches  and  an  iron-furnace. 

Fayette,  a  township  of  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  1833. 
It  includes  Jonesville. 

Fayette,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jefferson  co.,  Miss., 
on  the  Natchez,  Jackson  &  Columbus  Railroad,  26  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Natchez.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  3  churches, 
a  female  college,  and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  about  700. 

Fayette,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Howard  co..  Mo.,  on 
Bonne  Femme  Creek,  and  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas 
Railroad,  95  miles  W.S.W.  of  Hannibal,  and  13  miles  N. 
of  Boonville.  It  contains  6  churches,  2  banks,  the  Central 
College  (Methodist),  which  was  organized  in  1871,  a  female 
college,  and  3  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  2247, 

Fayette,  a  po.«t-village  of  Seneca  co.,  N.Y.,  7i  miles 
(direct)  S.  by  W.  of  Waterloo.  It  has  3  churches,  graded 
schools,  and  saw-  and  grist-mills.  Pop,  about  350;  of 
Fayette  township,  2912. 

Fayette,  a  post-village  of  Fulton  co.,  0.,  in  Gorham 
township,  on  the  Chicago  &,  Canada  Southern  Railroad,  7 
miles  S.W.  of  Morenci,  Mich.,  and  45  miles  W.  of  Toledo. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  normal  school,  a  public  school, 
a  newspaper  ofiBce,  and  manufactures  of  type-writing- 
machines,  tiles,  shovels,  ladders,  staves,  and  grain-  and 
hay-elevators.     Pop.  890. 

Fayette,  a  post  office  of  San  Pete  co.,  Utah. 

Fayette,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lafayette  co.,  Wis.,  about 
42  miles  S.W.  of  Madison. 

Fayette,  Walworth  co..  Wis.    See  Fayetteville. 

Fayette  City,  a  post-borough  of  Fayette  co..  Pa., 
about  45  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Pittsburg,  and  about  32  miles 
by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Uniontown.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
public  schools,  grist-  and  saw-mills,  glass-factories,  Ac. 
Here  are  large  coal-mines.     Pop.  931. 

Fayette  Corner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kennebec  co..  Mo., 
3J  miles  from  East  Livermore  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Fayette  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  Tenn., 
13  miles  N.E.  of  Somervillo. 

Fayette  Court-House,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Fayette  co.,  Ala.,  81  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Birmingham. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Fayette  Springs,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort  of 
Fayette  co.,  Pa.,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Uniontown.  It  has  a 
church  and  several  boarding-houses.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Fayette  Station,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  New  River,  2i  miles  by  rail  from  Fayetteville. 

Fayetteville,  fi-yfit'vll,  apost-village  of  Talladega  co., 
Ala.,  32  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Talladega.  It  has  2  churches, 
an  academy,  and  a  lime-quarry.    Pop.  about  500. 


Fayetteville,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Washington  co,, 
Ark.,  is  pleasantly  situated  on  high  ground,  20  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Rogers,  and  62  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Fort 
Smith.  It  has  8  churches,  2  banks,  5  newspaper  offices,  2 
steam  flour-mills,  an  electric  plant,  and  manufactures  of 
wagons,  ploughs,  <fcc.  The  State  Agricultural  and  Industrial 
University,  organized  under  the  National  Educational  Land 
Grant  Act  of  1862,  is  situated  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  2942. 

Fayetteville,  a  post-office  of  Lafayette  co.,  Fla, 

Fayetteville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Fayette  co., 
Ga.,  about  26  miles  S.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  a  court-house,  2 
churches,  2  stores,  and  a  seminary. 

Fayetteville,  a  post-village  of  St.  Clair  co.,  HI.,  on 
the  Kaskaskia  River,  about  15  miles  S.E.  of  Belleville.  It 
has  2  churches,  public  schools,  a  distillery,  a  creamery,  and 
a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  312. 

Fayetteville  (Orange  Post-Office),  a  village  of  Fayette 
CO.,  Ind.,  in  Orange  township,  3  miles  from  Glenwood  Sta- 
tion, which  is  8  miles  E,  of  Rushville.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  carriage-shop. 

Fayetteville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.,  6 
miles  W.  of  Bedford,    It  has  2  churches,  a  lumber-mill,  Ac. 

Fayetteville,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co.,  Mo.,  about 
50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Kansas  City.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high 
school,  a  wagon-shop,  Ac.     Pop.  139. 

Fayetteville,  a  post-village  in  Manlius  township, 
Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Syracuse  <fc  Chenango  Railroad, 
1  mile  S.  of  the  Erie  Canal,  and  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Syracuse. 
It  contains  5  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  graded  school,  2 
flouring-mills,  a  paper-mill,  several  saw-mills,  plaster-mills, 
and  carriage-factories,  2  glove-factories,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  in  1890,  1410. 

Fayetteville,  a  city  and  the  capital  of  Cumberland  co., 
N.C.,  is  on  the  right  or  W.  bank  of  the  Capo  Fear  River, 
82  miles  by  rail  and  about  53  miles  direct  S.  of  Raleigh. 
Steamboats  can  ascend  the  river  to  this  town.  It  contains 
a  court-house,  12  churches,  a  bank,  several  cotton-mills,  a 
carriage-factory,  2  wooden-ware  factories,  2  machine-shops, 
an  edge-tool-factory,  a  plough-factory,  3  grist-mills,  a  tur- 
pentine-still factory,  lumber-mills,  3  weekly  newspaper 
offices,  <tc.  Turpentine,  tar,  and  lumber  are  exported  from 
this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  4222, 

Fayetteville,  a  post-village  of  Brown  co.,  0.,  in  Perry 
township,  on  the  East  Fork  of  the  Little  Miami  River, 
about  35  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  397. 

Fayetteville,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co..  Pa.,  9 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Chambersburg.  It  has  6  churches,  a 
graded  school,  a  saw-  and  planing-mill,  a  wood-work  fac- 
tory, 2  cigar-factories,  and  manufactures  of  sash,  doors, 
and  poultry-brooders.  Pop.  about  700,  Iron  ore  is  found 
here  in  large  quantities. 

Fayetteville  (New  Wilmington  Post-Office),  a  village 
of  Lawrence  co.,  Pa.,  in  Wilmington  township,  8  miles  N.N.E. 
of  New  Castle,  and  IJ  miles  from  Ncshannock  Falls.  It  has 
1  or  2  churches  and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  about  200, 

Fayetteville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lincoln  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Elk  River,  and  on  the  Winchester  <fc  Alabama 
Railroad,  which  connects  at  Decherd  with  the  Nashville 
&  Chattanooga  Railroad,  about  66  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Nash- 
ville. It  contains  a  court-house,  2  national  banks,  a  state 
bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  10  churches,  2  academies,  2  flour- 
ing-mills, and  an  ice-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  2410. 

Fayetteville,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Tex.,  13 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  La  Grange.  It  has  a  church,  2  publio 
schools,  a  cigar-factory,  an  ice-house,  several  general  stores, 
Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  269. 

Fayetteville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Windham  co., 
Vt.,  in  Newfane  township,  about  12  miles  N.W.  of  Brattle- 
borough,  and  50  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rutland.  It  has  a  court- 
house, a  church,  a  savings-bank,  and  2  hotels. 

Fayetteville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Fayette  co., 
W.  Va.,  about  36  miles  E.S.E.  of  Charleston,  2i  miles  from 
Fayette  Railroad  Station,  and  3  miles  W.  of  the  Great  Ka- 
nawha River.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  several  churches, 
and  a  tobacco-factory.  Near  here  is  a  natural  curiosity 
called  Marshall's  Pillar,  a  clifiF  about  1000  feet  high. 

Fayetteville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Walworth  co..  Wis.,  is 
at  Fayette  Station  on  the  Western  Union  Railroad,  6  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Elkhorn. 

Fayl-Billot,  Le,  France.    See  Le  Fayl-Billot. 

Fay6e,  or  Feioe,  fi^o'^h,  a  small  island  of  Denmark, 
immediately  E.  of  Laaland.     Pop.  1200. 

Fayoom,  Faioom,  Fayoum,  Fayum,  or  Fai- 
oum,  fi-oom',  a  province  of  Middle  Egypt,  consisting  of  a' 
fertile  valley,  40  miles  S.W.  of  Cairo,  on  the  AV.  side  of  the 
Nile,  and  considerably  depressed  below  its  level.    Length, 


FAT 


Tidg 


FET" 


ttom  E.  to  W^  88  miles  ;  breadth,  81  miloa.  In  lt<  N.  part 
!•  the  lake  called  Kirkot-el-Korn.  It  is  well  irrigated 
both  by  nature  and  by  art,  and  was  anciently  the  gulden 
«f  Egypt.  Medinct-cl-Fayoom  is  its  capital,  around  wbich 
ore  numerous  remains  of  antiquity.     I'op.  228,700. 

Fays'ton,  a  townshii)  of  Washington  co.,  Vt.,  10  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Montpclicr.   P.  C04.   Itcontnins  North  Fnyston. 

Fayville,  Hi'vll,  a  j)08t-villago  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 
in  Soutbborough  township,  on  the  Boston,  Clinton  &  Fitch- 
burg  Kailronii,  28  miloa  W.  by  S.  from  lioston.  It  bus  a 
ehurob,  a  brick-kiln,  and  a  large  manufactory  of  shoes. 
Pop.  about  300. 

Fax,  a  river  of  Asiatic  Russia.    See  Pbasib. 

Fnzcluy,  faiz'leo,  a  township  of  England,  co.  of  Staf- 
ford, U  uiiles  S.  of  Tarn  worth.     Top.  I  COS. 

Fnzilpoor^  f&^ziUpoor',  a  small  and  decayed  town  of 
India,  in  Bhawlpoor,  with  a  fort  on  the  Indus.  Lat.  28° 
30'  N. ;  Ion.  69°  50'  E. 

FazogI,  Fazokl,  or  Fassokl,  f&-zo'k'l,  written  also 
Fazokl6  and  Fazoli,  a  country  of  Africa,  lying  on 
the  lilue  Nile,  and  having  the  parallels  of  11°  and  12° 
N.  lat.  for  its  approximate  S.  and  N.  limits.  Its  people  are 
negroes,  whoso  chief  acknowledges  the  authority  of  Egypt. 
Fop.  about  500,000.     Capital,  Adassd,  a  small  place. 

Fcads  (fcodz)  and  Good'mau's  Islands,  an  ir- 
regular chain  of  low  islands  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean,  E. 
from  New  Ireland.     Lat.  3°  27'  S. ;  Ion.  154°  45'  E. 

Feale,  fail,  a  river  of  Ireland,  in  Munster,  joins  the 
Shannon  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Kerry  Head,  by  a  navigable 
and  tidal  estuary  called  the  Casben.     Length,  30  miles. 

Fear'ing,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  0.  Pop.  1358. 
It  contains  Stanleyville. 

Fear'isville,  a  post-office  of  Lewis  co.,  Ky.,  12  miles 
E.  of  Maysville. 

Fearn's  Springs,  or  Win'stonvillc,  a  post-hamlet 
of  Winston  co.,  Miss.,  18  miles  W.  of  Shuqualak.  It  bos  a 
church. 

Feast'errille,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  parish.  La. 

Feastcrville,  a  post-village  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Philadelphia,  Newtown  &  New  York  Railroad,  18  miles 
N.E.  of  Philadelphia. 

Feasterville,  a  post-office  of  Fairfield  co.,  S.C. 

Feath'er  River,  California,  is  formed  by  the  North 
and  Middle  Forks,  which  rise  in  the  Sierra  Nevada  in 
Plumas  CO.,  run  southwostward,  and  unite  in  Butte  co.,  about 
7  miles  N.E.  of  Orovillc.  The  river,  including  the  forks, 
is  about  250  miles  long.  It  runs  nearly  southward,  forms 
the  boundary  between  Sutter  and  Yuba  cos.,  and  enters  the 
Sacramento  River  at  Vernon,  in  Sutter  co.,  about  20  miles 
above  the  city  of  Sacramento.  Steamboats  can  ascend  it  to 
Marysville.  Large  qu.antitics  of  gold  have  been  found  on 
the  banks  of  this  river.  The  Middle  Fork  runs  in  a  tre- 
mendous canon  nearly  2000  feet  deep. 

Feath'erstone,  a  township  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minn. 
Pop.  983. 

Feb'ing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nemaha  co.,  Neb.,  on 
Muddy  Creek,  about  30  miles  S.  of  Nebraska  City.  It  bos 
2  churches. 

F6camp,  fi^kfiN<>',  a  seaport  town  of  Franco,  in  Seine- 
Infdrieure,  on  the  English  Channel,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
river  F6camj),  and  on  a  branch  railway,  27  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Havre.  Its  port,  though  small,  is  one  of  the  best  on  the 
channel,  and  has  been  much  improved.  It  has  many  ves- 
sels employed  in  the  cod-,  herring-,  and  mackerel-fisheries. 
F6camp  bos  cotton-,  oil-,  and  other  mills,  turned  by  water- 
power,  steam  saw-mills,  ship-building  docks,  tanneries, 
sdgar-refinories,  manufactures  of  linens,  hardware,  soda, 
<tc.,  and  an  active  trade  in  Baltic  and  colonial  produce,  fish, 
salt,  and  brandy.  It  bos  a  remarkable  church,  part  of  an 
ancient  abbey,  and  is  the  seat  of  a  chamber  of  commerce, 
a  naval  bureau,  and  a  school  of  navigation.     Pop.  12,074, 

Fedala,  f^-dl'll,  a  seaport  on  the  W.  coast  of  Morocco, 
oil  a  promontory,  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Sale. 

Fed  de  los  Vinos,  Canary  Islands.     See  Icon. 

Fed'eral,  a  post-office  of  Athens  co.,  0. 

Federal  Creek,  Ohio,  drains  the  N.E.  part  of  Athens 
CO.,  and  enters  the  Hocking  River  from  the  north. 

Federal  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harford  co.,  Md., 
about  28  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Baltimore. 

Federal  Point,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co.,  Fla.,  on 
the  St.  John's  River,  60  miles  S.  of  Jacksonville.    Pop.  150. 

Federal  Point,  a  township  of  New  Hanover  co.,  N.C. 
The  cape  of  this  name,  at  the  entrance  to  Cape  Fear  River 
via  New  Inlet,  has  a  light-house,  lat.  33°  57'  34"  N.,  Ion. 
77°  55'  11"  W.     Pop.  of  township,  410. 

Fed'cralsburg,  a  post-village  of  Caroline  co.,  Md.,  on 
a  branch  of  the  Nanticoke  River,  and  on  the  Dorchester  & 


Delaware  Railroad,  23  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cambridge.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  graded  public  nchool,  a  creauuTy,  a  tlour-uiill, 
and  manufactures  of  kindling-wood  and  building  iiiuteriuls. 
A  weekly  newspiiper  is  published  here.     Pop.  700. 

Fed'eralton,  a  hamlet  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  in  Canaan 
township,  8  miles  N.  of  Uuysville. 

Feder-See,  fA'd^r-sd,  a  lake  of  Wlirtembcrg,  about  6 
miles  S.E.  of  Ricdlingcn,  is  drained  by  the  Kunzach. 

Fedt,  fit,  a  village  of  Norway,  15  miles  E.  of  Cbrii- 
tiania,  on  the  Glommen.     Pop.  of  parish,  2470. 

Feed'ing  Hills,  a  post-village  of  Hampden  co.,  Mass., 
in  Agawam  toxrnship,  6  or  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Springfield. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  high  school. 

Fcejee,  Fidji,  Fiji  (fce'jee),  or  Viti  (vcc'tee) 
Islands,  a  group  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean,  forming  a 
British  colony,  E.  of  the  Now  Hebrides,  between  lat.  15° 
30'  and  19°  30'  S.  and  Ion.  177°  E.  and  178°  W.  Tha 
entire  group  comprises  altogether  225  reef-bound  islands, 
islets,  and  rocks,  SO  of  which  are  inhabited.  Land  aren, 
8034  square  miles.  There  are  numerous  spacious  outlets, 
or  passages  to  and  from  the  central  space  enclosed  by  the 
group  and  known  as  the  Goro  Sea.  Two  of  the  islands 
only  are  of  large  size,  namely,  Viti  Lovu  or  Naviti  Lcru, 
the  largest,  and  Vanua  Levu,  or  Vuya.  Among  the  others 
may  be  mentioned  Kandaboo,  Ovolau,  Aiubow  or  Bau, 
Matookoo,  and  Goro ;  some  of  the  others,  though  smaller, 
are  populous,  each  containing  from  5000  to  13,000  inhab- 
itants. Most  of  the  remainder  are  mere  islets.  The  Fce- 
jees  are  of  volcanic  origin,  but  no  signs  of  volcanic  heat 
have  been  met  with,  except  at  Savu-Savu,  on  the  S.  shore 
of  the  island  of  Vanua  Levu.  The  peaks  are  usually  ba- 
saltic cones  or  needles,  some  of  which  rise  to  the  height 
of  several  thousand  feet.  A  luxuriant  foliage  covers  these 
islands  to  their  summits,  giving  them  a  singularly  plciising 
and  picturesque  aspect.  The  soil  consists  of  a  deep  yellow- 
ish loam,  with  a  large  portion  of  decayed  vegetable  matter, 
which,  aided  by  a  fine  climate  and  abundance  of  water,  ii 
extremely  productive.  Fruits  of  various  kinds  abound,  in- 
cluding the  bread-fruit,  of  which  there  are  nine  difl'crent 
sorts,  the  banana,  cocoa,  shaddock,  papaw-apple,  Tahiti 
chestnut,  and  a  number  of  other  fruits  peculiar  to  tbo 
islands.  The  chief  food  of  the  inhabitants  is  the  yam,  of 
which  they  have  five  or  six  varieties.  Sugar-cane,  cotton, 
turmeric,  and  tobacco  are  also  cultivated.  Sandalwood,  for 
which  these  islands  were  formerly  noted,  has  now  wholly 
disappeared.  Vegetation  is  exceedingly  rapid.  Bcche  do 
mar,  cotton,  mother-of-pearl,  and  cocoanut  oil  aro  leading 
exports.  The  climate  is  agreeable-and  healthful.  Prior  to 
the  introduction  of  Christianity,  the  inhabitants  of  these 
islands  were  a  barbarous  and  savage  race,  remarkable  for 
cruelty,  deceit,  and  cowardice.  They  were  also  extremely 
covetous,  and  addicted  to  human  sacrifices  and  cannibalism; 
but  nearly  all  have  been  Christianized  by  the  labors  of  Wos- 
leyan  missionaries.  In  1874  the  islands  passsed  under  the 
sway  of  Great  Britain.  Capital,  Suva.  Native  pon.  in 
1881,  127,095;  Europeans,  1569.  Total  in  1891,  121,180. 
Adj.  and  inhab.  Feejee'ax. 

Feelahiyah,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Doorak. 

Fees'burg,  a  post-village  of  Brown  co.,  0.,  in  Lewis 
township,  40  miles  E.S.E.of  Cincinnati.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  graded  school,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  201. 

Fegersheim,  fi'Gh§rs-hime^  (Fr.  pron.  fi^zhSn'z^m'), 
a  town  of  Alsace,  7  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Strasburg.     P.  1875 

Fegyvernek,  fidj*v4n'n6k',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co. 
of  Szolnok.     It  is  a  famous  tobacco-market.     Pop.  3200. 

Fehertemplom,  the  Hungarian  for  WEissKiitcnEjr. 

Fehmarn,  an  island  of  Germany.    See  Femehn. 

Fehrbellin,  fiu^bQl-leen',  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Bran- 
denburg, 33  miles  N.N.W.  of  Potsdam.     Pop.  2079. 

Feia,  fi-ee'i,  a  large  lake  of  Brazil,  130  miles  N.E.  of 
Rio  Janeiro,  near  the  Atlantic,  with  which  it  communicates 
by  an  artificial  canal  called  Fnrado. 

Feignies,  fain^yee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  12 
miles  N.  of  Avesnes.     Pop.  2405. 

Fei-IIeoo,  a  province  of  Japan.    See  Fico. 

Feili,  fi'lee,  a  numerous  tribe  of  Persia,  living  compact 
and  united  in  one  region,  and  not  dispersed,  like  most  of 
the  others.  The  tribe  occupies  altogether  about  100,000 
houses  on  the  W.  side  of  the  mountains  of  Laristan  and 
in  the  territory  of  Shooster. 

Feillens,  fi^yftu"',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Ain,  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bourg-en-Bresse.     Pop.  2648. 

FeiOe,  an  island  of  Denmark.     See  Favoe. 

Feira,  fi'e-ri  (anc.  Lnngoh'riga),  a  town  of  Portugal, 
on  the  Atlantic,  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Oporto.     Pop.  2098. 

Feistritz,  f  i'strits,  a  river  of  Styria,  joins  the  Raab 
below  Fiirstenfeld,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  about  50  miles. 


FBI' 


1169 


FEN 


Feistritz,  a  village  of  Styria,  circle  and  9  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Oratz,  on  the  Mur.     Pop.  833. 

Feistritz,  a  village  of  Carniola,  1  mile  from  Neu- 
markt,  with  iron-works.     Pop.  425. 

Feitan,  the  Chinese  name  of  Fida. 

Feiume  Salso,  a  river  of  Sicily.    See  Samo. 

Feketehaion,  a  town  of  Transylvania.    See  Zeiden. 

Felaniche,  fi-l3,-neech',  written  also  Felaiiitx  (anc. 
Canatix  t),  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Majorca,  28  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Palma,  in  a  valley  surrounded  by  mountains.  It  is  well 
built,  has  wide  streets,  a  parish  church,  chapel,  town  house, 
prison,  two  schools,  a  hospital,  and,  on  the  neighboring 
mountain,  San  Salvador  of  Felaniche,  an  ancient  castle,  with 
subterranean  vaults,  constructed  by  the  Moors.  The  man- 
ufactures are  linen  and  woollen  fabrics,  brandy,  and  ropes. 
The  trade  is  in  rice,  cofice,  sugar,  wine,  brandy,  fruit,  and 
cattle.  The  town  is  of  great  antiquity ;  and  among  the  hills 
hard  by  are  numerous  Moorish  remains.     Pop.  5918. 

Felbach,  f5l'bS,K,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg,  6  miles  by 
rail  E.N.E.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  3181. 

Felch'ville,  a  post-village  of  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Beading  township,  about  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Rutland.  It 
has  a  money-order  post-oflBce,  a  high  school,  and  manufac- 
tures of  chairs  and  bedsteads. 

Felda,  fdl'di,  a  village  of  Hesse,  in  Ober-IIessen.  Pop. 
1117. 

Feldbach,  fSld'blK  or  fSlt'blK,  a  town  of  Austria,  22 
Biles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Gratz,  on  the  Kaab.    Pop.  1102. 

Feldberg,  fSlfhSno,  the  culminating  peak  of  the  Black 
Forest  Mountains,  in  Baden.  Lat.  47°  63'  N.  j  Ion.  7°  65' 
E.     Height,  4675  feet. 

Feldberg,  fSld'hino  or  ffilfb^RO,  a  town  of  Mecklen- 
burg-Strelitz,  on  a  peninsula  formed  by  the  Haussee,  15 
miles  E.  of  New  Strelitz.     Pop.  1175. 

Feldkirch,  fSlt'kecRK,  or  Campo  di  San  Pietro, 
klm'po  dee  sin  pe-i'tro,  a  town  of  the  Tyrol,  in  Vorarlbcrg, 
»t  a  railway  junction,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bregenz,  on  the  111. 
Pop.  2868. 

Feldkirchen,  f5lt'keeRK^?n,  a  village  of  Baden,  10 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Freiburg.     Pop.  291. 

Feidsberg,  ffilts'b^RG,  Feldsperg,  fdlts'pfiRO,  or 
Veltspurg,  fSlts'pooRG,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria,  40 
miles  N.N.B.  of  Vienna.  Here  is  a  magnificent  palace  of 
the  Prince  of  Liechtenstein,  and  in  the  vicinity  the  best 
wine  in  the  archduchy  is  produced.     Pop.  2424. 

Felectum,  the  Latin  name  of  Feletto. 

Felegyhaza,  fd'15dj^h|'z6h^,  a  town  of  Hungary,  66 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Pesth.  It  has  a  Roman  Catholic  gym- 
nasium, large  cattle-markets,  and  an  extensive  trade  in 
corn,  wine,  and  fruit.  Some  Roman  antiquities  have  been 
discovered  here.     Pop.  21,313. 

Feletto,  fi-l6t'to  (L.  Felec'tum),  a  village  of  Italy,  in 
Piedmont,  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Turin.     Pop.  1696. 

Fel-Gyogy,  firdyodj',  or  Felso-Gyogy,  fSrshii'- 
dyodj,  a  village  or  series  of  villages  of  Transylvania,  8  miles 
from  Tovis.     It  is  inhabited  by  Wallachians.     Pop.  1280. 

Feliciana,  Louisiana.  See  East  Feliciana  and  West 
Feliciana. 

Felic'ity,  a  post-village  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  in  Frank- 
lin township,  3  or  4  miles  N.  of  the  Ohio  River,  and  35 
miles  S.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  bank,  a  flour-mill,  a  planing-mill,  2  carriage-shops, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  a  town  hall.  Tobacco  and  pork  are 
the  chief  articles  of  export.     Pop.  in  1890,  779. 

Felicudi,  fi-le-koo'dee  (anc.  Phoenieu'sa),  one  of  the 
Lipari  Islands,  in  the  Mediterranean.  Lat.  38°  43'  N.: 
Ion.  14°  28'  E.     Pop.  1800. 

Felij,  a  village  of  Spain.    See  Felix. 

Felitto,  fd-lit  to,  a  town  of  Italy,  20  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Gampagna,  on  the  Galore.     Pop.  1896. 

Fe'lix,  a  small  island  in  the  South  Pacific.  Lat.  26°  20' 
S. ;  Ion.  80°  W. 

1    Felix,  or  Felij,  fA'leeH,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Anda- 
lusia, 16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Almeria.     Pop.  2578. 
j    Fe'lix,  a  township  of  Grundy  co..  111.,  borders  on  the 
Illinois  and  Kankakee  Rivers.     Pop.  616, 

Felix,  a  township  of  Grundy  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  652. 

Felix,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa,  in  Belmont 
township,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Indianola.    It  thas  a  Friends' 
meeting  and  a  steam  flour-mill. 
,  Felix  Harbor.      See  Boothia  Felix. 

Felizzano,  fd-lit-sa,'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Pied- 
mont, on  the  Tanaro,  9  miles  W.  of  Alessandria.    Pop.  2445. 

Felka,  ffil'kSh\  or  Folk- Velka,  folk-v«l'kohS  a  town 
of  Hungary,  oo.  of  Zips,  in  a  plain,  on  the  Felkbach,  8 
miles  S.W.  of  Kesmark.     Pop.  1260. 

Fell,  a  township  of  Lackawanna  co..  Pa.    Pop.  343.    In 


this  township  the  Pennsylvania  anthracite  coal  reaohefl  ita 
most  northern  limit. 

Fellatahs,  a  people  of  Africa.    See  Foolahs. 

Fellbach,  f6ll'b£K,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  6  milei 
E.N.E.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  2700. 

Felletin,  ffiirtiN"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Crcuse,  on 
the  Creuse,  6  miles  S.  of  Aubusson.  It  has  manufactures 
of  carpets,  velvet,  and  paper.     Pop.  2913. 

Fellin,  fSl-leen',  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Livonia,  110 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Riga.  Pop.  2888.  It  is  very  ancient,  and 
has  the  remains  of  an  old  castle. 

Fellonica,  fdl-lon'e-ki,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
and  28  miles  S.E.  by  E.  of  Mantua,  on  the  Po. 

Fel'loAVship,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J., 
in  Mount  Laurel  township,  2  miles  S.  of  Moorestown.  It 
has  a  church.     Pop.  about  100. 

Fel'lowsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Preston  co.,  W.  Va., 
about  75  miles  S.E.  of  Wheeling. 

Feloojah,  Felujah,  fi-loo'jl,  Fclugiah,  f4-loo'- 
je-3,,  or  Anbar,  in-bar',  a  castle  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  3a 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Bagdad,  on  the  Euphrates. 

Feloops,  fShMoops',  or  Felup,  fihMoop',  an  African 
people,  inhabiting  a  maritime  territory  in  Scncgambia,  be- 
tween the  Gambia  and  Casamanza,  about  75  miles  in  length 
from  W.  to  E.,  and  45  miles  in  breadth.  They  are  supposed 
to  number  about  60,000. 

Felsberg,  ffils'biRO,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nas 
sau,  on  the  Eder,  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cassel.    Pop.  1028. 

Felsengebirge.    See  Rocky  Mountains. 

Felsina,  the  ancient  name  of  Bologna. 

Felso,  fSl^sho',  a  Hungarian  word,  signifying  "upper," 
prefixed  to  the  names  of  many  towns  in  Hungary. 

Felso-Banya,  firsho'  bin'y6h\  a  town  of  Hungary, 
CO.  of  Szathmar,  7  miles  E.  of  Nagy-Bdnya.  It  has  rich 
mines,  affording  gold,  silver,  copper,  and  lead.  Pop.,  with 
surroundings,  5440. 

Felso-Gyogy,  Transylvania.    See  Fel-Gyocy. 

Fel'ton,  a  post-village  of  Santa  Cruz  co.,  Cal.,  64  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Santa  Cruz.  It  has  3  lumber-mills,  3  lime- 
kilns, and  a  manufactory  of  safety-fuses. 

Felton,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  Del.,  on  the  Dela- 
ware Railroad,  68  miles  S.  of  Wilmington,  and  10  miles  S. 
of  Dover.  It  contains  3  churches,  a  public  school,  a  can- 
ning-factory, and  a  manufactory  of  baskets.     Pop.  403. 

Ft  Iton,  a  post- village  of  Haralson  co.,  Ga.,  47  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Buchanan.  It  has  several  churches,  2  banks,  a 
cotton-gin,  and  saw-  and  lumber-mills.     Pop.  314. 

Felton,  a  station  in  Clay  co.,  Minn.,  13  miles  by  rail 
N.  of  Glyndon. 

Felton,  a  post-village  of  York  co..  Pa.,  in  Windsor 
township,  on  the  Pe.ach  Bottom  Railroad,  14  miles  S.E.  of 
York.     It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  cigars. 

Feltre,  fSl'trd  (anc.  Fel'tria),&  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  17  miles  S.W.  of  Belluno,  on  a  height,  near  the  Piavo. 
Pop.  12,435.  It  is  partially  fortified,  and  has  a  cathedral, 
a  gymnasium,  silk-twist  and  wax-bleaching  factories,  and 
a  trade  in  corn,  wine,  and  oil. 

Felts,  a  post-office  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C. 

Felt's  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Black  River,  and  on  the  Utica  &  Black  River  Railroad, 
8  miles  above  Watertown.  It  has  a  church,  a  district  school, 
some  paper-mills,  and  a  glove-factory.     Pop.  about  400. 

Feltz,  ffilts,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  duchy  and  12 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Luxemburg.     Pop.  950. 

Feludsh,  fi-liidsh',  or  Pheleche,  fd'leetch,  an  island  ' 
at  the  head  of  the  Persian  Gulf,  on  the  entrance  to  Grane 
Harbor,  in  lat.  29°  27'  N.,  Ion.  48°  16'  E.     Length,  7i  miles. 
The  chief  town  is  situated  on  the  N.  side  of  the  island. 

Felujah,  or  Felugiah.    See  Feloojah. 

Felup,  Senegambia.     See  Feloops. 

Femern,  or  Fehmarn,  fi'm^rn  or  f6m'm?rn,  an  island 
of  Prussia,  in  Holstein,  in  the  Baltic,  separated  from  the 
mainland  by  Femersund,  a  channel  1  mile  broad.  Lat.  of 
Burg,  its  capital,  26°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  11°  12'  E.  Area,  70  square 
miles.  Corn  and  cattle  are  raised,  but  fishing  and  naviga- 
tion are  the  principal  occupations.     Pop.  9600. 

Femina,  fSm'e-ni,  or  Femmine,  fJm'me-nl,  a  rocky 
islet  off  the  N.  coast  of  Sicily,  10  miles  N.AV.  of  Palermo. 

Femme  Osage,  {km  o-zizh'  or  f6m  o'sij,  a  post-ham- 
lot  of  St.  Charles  co.,  Mo.,  in  Femme  Osage  township,  8  miles 
N.E.  of  Washington  Station.     Pop.  of  township,  2383. 

Femoe,  ffim'o^^h,  or  F&moe,  fi'mb'gh,  a  small  island 
of  Denmark,  N.  of  the  island  of  Laaland.     Pop.  400. 

Fenain,  f^h^n^N"',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  11 
miles  E.  of  Douai.     Pop.  2456. 

Fend'leys,  a  station  in  Chesterfield  eo.,  Va.,  on  the 
Brighthope  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of  Clover  Uill. 


FEN 


1170 


FEB 


Fea'eloB  Falitt  a  poet-Tillage  in  Victoria  oo.,  On- 
terio,  on  the  river  Fonolon,  botwoon  Cameron  and  Sturgeon 
Lakes,  li  miles  by  r»il,  or  10  by  steamboat,  N.  of  Lindsay. 
It  has  several  stores,  saw-mills,  and  grist-mills,  and  a  largo 
lumber-trade.  Tlio  mills  are  erected  on  Fenolon  Falls, 
which  are  about  20  feet  high  and  300  feet  wide.     Pop.  750. 

Fenerif)  f^u-«h-roor,  or  Finerive*  fin'«h-rcov',  a 
town  and  bay  on  the  N.B.  coast  of  the  island  of  Modagas- 
ear.  in  lat.  17°  28'  S.,  Ion.  49°  23'  E. 

Fencstrelle,  fi-nis-trdl'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Pied- 
mont, 50  miles  W.  of  Turin,  on  the  Clusono.     Pop.  1614. 

Fenitrange*  the  French  name  of  Finstinokn. 

Fen  it,  an  island  of  Ireland.     See  Fkn5it. 

Fcu^more'v  <^  stjition  in  Yorlc  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Peach 
Bottom  iiailroad,  17  miles  S.E.  of  York. 

Fcn'nert  a  post-township  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Syracuse.     It  has  4  churches.     P.  1040. 

Fcnncr  Corners?  a  hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Fenner  township,  2^  miles  from  Perry  villo.  It  has  a  church. 

Fen'nimure*  a  post-village  of  Qrant  co.,  Wis.,  29  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Dodgeville,  and  10  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of 
Lancaster.  It  has  4  churches,  a  banic,  a  newspaper  office, 
a  grist-mill,  a  bed-spring  factory,  and  a  grease-factory. 
Pop.  616. 

Fen'nit)  or  Fen'it,  an  island  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Kerry, 
in  Tralce  Bay,  8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Tralee. 

Fenn's,  a  post-offico  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind. 

Fenn's  Bridge,  a  hamlet  of  JciTurson  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Ogeechce  River,  5  miles  from  Davisborough  Station. 

Fenn'ville,  a  post-village  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  40 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Grand  liapids.  It  has  2  churohee,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  <to. 
Fruit-shipping  is  the  chief  industry.     Pop.  in  1890,  ;i60. 

Fen'ton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Sinfiurd,  1  mile  by 
rail  E.  of  Stoke-upon-Trent.  It  manufactures  fine  pottery 
and  earthenware,  ond  has  railway-shops,  <i;c.     Pop.  16,998. 

Fenton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Whiteside  co.,  III.,  in  Fenton 
township,  on  the  Mendota  <!k  Clinton  Railroad,  14  miles  S.E. 
of  Clinton,  Iowa,  and  about  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Sterling. 
It  has  a  church,  2  creameries,  and  general  business  stores. 
Pop.  about  100. 

Fenton,  a  township  of  Whiteside  co..  III.     Pop.  735. 

Fenton,  a  post-township  of  Kossuth  co.,  Iowa,  12  miles 
from  Algona.     Pop.  462. 

Fenton,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Genesee  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Shiawassee  River,  and  on  the  Detroit  &  Mil- 
waukee Railroad,  50  miles  N.W.  of  Detroit,  and  about  18 
miles  S.  of  Flint.  It  contains  5  churches,  2  banks,  a  high 
school,  a  normal  school,  and  manufactures  of  patent  drill- 
presses  and  machinery,  screen-doors,  carriages,  hydraulic 
pumps,  spring-beds,  potash,  soap,  furniture,  and  whip- 
sockets.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop. 
in  1890,2182. 

Fenton,  a  post-village  of  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo.,  in  Bonne- 
homme  township,  on  the  Maramec  River,  about  16  miles 
S.W.  of  St.  Louis.     It  has  a  church  and  a  steam  flour-mill. 

Fenton,  a  township  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  1280. 
It  contains  Port  Crane. 

Fenton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wood  co.,  0.,  in  Webster 
township,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Perrysburg.    It  has  a  church. 

Fentonville,  Michigan.     See  Fenton. 

Fen'tonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Dunkirk,  Alleghany  Valley  A  Pittsburg  Railroad, 
.42  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Dunkirk.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  82. 

Fen'tress,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Tennessee,  bor- 
dering on  Kentucky,  has  an  area  of  about  510  square  miles. 
It  is  drained  by  Obey's  River  and  the  Big  South  Fork 
of  the  Cumberland  River.  The  surface  is  diversified  with 
bills  and  high  table-lands,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  good  timber.  The  soil  produces  fine  pasture.  In- 
dian corn  and  pork  are  among  the  staple  products.  Bitu- 
minous coal  is  found  here.  Capital,  Jamestown,  which  is 
about  16  miles  W.  of  Robbins,  on  the  Queen  &  Crescent 
Route.     Pop.  in  1870,  4717;  in  1880,  ,'J941  ;  in  1890,5226. 

Fen'AVick,  a  summer  resort  of  Middlesex  co.,  Conn.,  on 
Long  Island  Sound,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Connecticut  River, 
and  at  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Connecticut  Valley  Railroad, 
31  miles  E.  of  New  Haven.  Here  is  a  fine  hotel,  called 
Fenwick  Hall. 

Fenwick,  a  post-offico  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas. 

Fenwick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Fair  Plain  township,  on  the  railroad  between  Ionia  and 
Stanton,  10  miles  S.  of  Stanton. 

Fen'wick,  a  post-village  in  Cumberland  co..  Nova 
Bootia,  6  miles  from  Amherst.     Pop.  200. 

Fenwick,  a  post-village  in  Monok  co.,  Ontario,  8  miles 
WJf.W.  of  Welland.     Pop.  100. 


Fenwick*a  Island,  off  the  E.  coast  of  Maryland, 
Worcester  co.,  20  miles  S.  of  Cupe  Honlopen,  in  lat.  38°  27' 
1"  N.,  Ion.  75°  2'  59"  W.     It  has  a  light-house. 

Feny,  fSfi,  or  Fiiny,  fiiii,  a  village  of  Hungary,  oo.  of 
Torontal,  15  miles  from  Tcmosvar.     Pop.  109U. 

Feodosia,  or  Thcodosia.     See  Kapfa. 

Feoo-  (or  Fcon-)  Lcang,  fA-oo'-14-4ng',  or  Fow- 
Leang,  f6w-le-&ng',  a  town  of  China,  in  Kiang-Sce,  4A 
miles  N.E.  of  Yao-Choo. 

Ferafra,  an  oasis  of  Kgypt.    See  El  FAiiAFREn. 

Ferahabad,  ffh-r&-h&-b&d',  or  Farahabad,  a  mari> 
time  town  of  Persia,  in  Mazandcran,  at  the  mouth  of  a 
river  in  the  Caspian  Sea,  15  miles  N.  of  Sarec. 

Ferai  Kholm,  f?r-i'  kolm,  an  elevated  district  of  Af- 
ghanistan,  having  E.  and  S.E.  the  river  Helmund,  and  W 
and  N.W.  the  Koh-i-Baba  range.  Lat.  34°  20'  N.;  Ion. 
67°  54'  E.     It  is  well  cultivated,  fertile,  and  populous. 

Ferbane,  f^r-ban',  a  village  of  Ireland,  in  King's  co., 
on  the  Brosna,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Banaghcr. 

Fcr'dinand,  a  post-office  of  Rock  Island  co..  III. 

Ferdinand,  a  post-village  in  Ferdinand  township,  Da> 
bois  00.,  Ind.,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Rockport  k  Southwestern 
Railroad,  24  miles  N.  of  Rockport,  and  about  40  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Evansville.  It  has  a  church,  a  Catholic  academy,  a 
large  convent  of  Benedictine  nuns,  a  manufactory  of  min- 
eral paints  and  Tripoli  powder,  several  general  stores,  and 
a  brewery.     Pop.  about  700  j  of  the  township,  1732. 

Ferdinand,  a  township  of  Essex  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railroad.     Pop.  33.     It  contains  Wenlock. 

Ferdinandea,  fSit-do-n&n-d&'&,  or  Gra'ham  Is- 
land, a  remarkable  volcanic  island,  which  appeared  in  the 
Mediterranean  on  the  Slst  of  July,  1831,  in  lat.  37°  8'  3" 
N.,  Ion.  12°  42'  15"  E.,  between  Sicily  and  PantoUaria,  and 
remained  visible  above  the  water  for  three  months.  It  ra- 
appeared  in  1864. 

F^re,  a  town  of  France.    See  La  F£re. 

Ffere-Champenoise,  fain-shdM^p^h-nwiz',  a  village 
of  France,  in  Marne,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Epernay.  Pop.  1954. 
Here,  on  the  24th  of  March,  1814,  the  French  were  totally 
defeated  by  the  allies. 

Fered,  fi*rdd',  Feret,  Feredjik,  fi-rSd-jeek',  or 
Phcreh,  fd'r^h,  a  town  of  Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  44  miles 
N.W.  of  Gallipoli,  near  the  Maritza.     Pop.  3000. 

Ffere-en-Tardenois,  fain-6N»-tanM§h-nwil',  a  town 
of  France,  in  Aisne,  on  tho  Ourcq,  12  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Chateau-Thierry.     Pop.  2008. 

Fercngal,  fi-r5n-gll',  a  lead-mine  in  Northern  Af- 
ghanistan, 18  miles  S.W.  of  Ghorbund,  extensively  wrought 
at  a  remote  period,  but  long  concealed,  and  re-discovered 
only  a  few  years  ago.     Lat.  34°  65'  N, ;  Ion.  68°  33'  E. 

Ferentino,  f4-rfin-tee'no  (anc.  Ferenti'numf),  a  town 
of  Italy,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Frosinone.  It  is  a  bishop's  see, 
and  has  numerous  antiquities.     Pop.  10,174. 

Feret,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Fered. 

Ferez,  fi'rfith  or  fi'rJs,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Murcia,  40 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Albacete.     Pop.  811. 

Fer'geson's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Yell  co.,  Ark. 

Ferghana,  f£r-g&'ni,  a  government  of  Asiatic  Russia, 
in  Toorkistan.  Area,  27,936  square  miles.  It  consists  of 
the  former  khanate  of  Khokan,  a  fertile  region,  bounded 
on  the  S.E.  by  the  Pameer  table-land,  and  is  itself  a  plateau, 
traversed  by  the  Jaxartes,  and  abounding  in  varied  but 
nearly  undeveloped  mineral  wealth.  Cotton,  silk,  wool, 
cattle,  and  grain  are  produced.  Capital,  Khokan.  Pop. 
800,000.  The  present  name  of  the  government  is  an  an- 
cient one,  restored  after  the  Russian  conquest  of  1876. 

Fer'gus,  a  village  in  Wellington  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
river  Grand,  and  on  the  Wellington,  Grey  &  Bruce  Railway, 
16  miles  N.  of  Guelph.  It  contains  flour-  and  planing- 
mills,  distilleries,  numerous  manufactories,  an  iron-foundry, 
2  branch  banks,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  1666. 

Fer'gus  Falls,  a  city,  capital  of  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn., 
on  the  Red  River  of  the  North,  at  the  crossing  of  the  St. 
Paul,  Minneapolis  <fc  Manitoba  and  Northern  Pacific,  Fergds 
it  Black  Hills  Railroads,  215  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Duluth.  It 
has  4  churches,  3  banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  high  school, 
a  college,  a  woollen-mill,  a  wagon -factory,  a  cigar- factory, 
and  4  flour-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  3772. 

Fer'gusony  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Iowa,  9 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Tania,  and  7  miles  (direct)  S.  of  Mar- 
shalltown.    It  has  several  general  stores  and  business  houses. 

Ferguson,  a  post-office  of  Logan  oo.,  Ky. 

Ferguson,  a  post-village  of  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern  Railroad,  13  miles  N.W. 
of  St.  Louis.  It  has  a  church  and  a  wagon-factory.  At 
Ferguson  Junction,  }  of  a  mile  nearer  St.  Louis,  the  two 
initial  branches  of  the  railroad  unite. 


FER 


1171 


FER 


Ferguson,  a  township  of  Centre  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  2111. 
It  contains  Pino  Grove  Mills. 

Ferguson,  a  township  of  Clearfield  oo.,  Pa.  Pop.  585. 
It  contiiins  Marron  and  Ostend. 

Ferguson,  a  post-oflSce  of  Perry  co.,  Pa.,  about  5  miles 
from  Newport. 

Ferguson,  a  station  on  the  Tyler  Tap  Railroad,  21 
miles  N.  of  Tyler,  Tex. 

Ferguson's,  a  station  in  Ohio  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Louis- 
ville ife  Paducah  Railroad,  93  miles  S.W.  of  Louisville. 
Hero  is  AVhite  Run  Post-Office. 

Ferguson's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yates  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Benton  township,  3  miles  from  Hall's  Station. 

Ferguson's  Cove,  or  Ferguson's  Cave,  a  ham- 
let of  Mendocino  co.,  Gal.,  on  the  Pacific,  about  4  miles  S.E. 
of  the  town  of  Punta  Arenas.     Pop.  40. 

Ferguson's  Cove,  a  village  in  Halifax  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  picturesquely  situated  on  the  N.AV.  arm  of  Halifax 
Harbor,  5  miles  from  Halifax.     Pop.  200. 

Ferguson's  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Lanark  co.,  On- 
tario, on  the  Mississippi  River,  13  miles  from  Perth. 
Pop.  150. 

Ferguson's  Station,apost-hamlet  of  Allen  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Fort  Wayne,  Muncie  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  7  miles 
S.  of  Fort  Wayne.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Ferguson's  Station,  Ky.    See  Whippoorwill. 

Fer'gusonvalc,  a  post-village  in  Simcoo  co.,  Ontario, 
9  miles  from  Barrie.     Pop.  125. 

Fer'gusonviUe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y., 
on  Charlotte  River,  about  56  miles  W.S.W.  of  Albany.  It 
has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Fer'gusson's  Wharf,  a  post-oflSce  of  Isle  of  Wight 
CO.,  Va.,  on  Burwell's  Bay,  an  expansion  of  the  James  River. 
Hero  are  several  stores  and  lumber-mills. 

Feria,  fi're-i,  a  town  of  Spain,  29  miles  S.E.  of  Bada- 
jos.     It  has  manufivctures  of  cloth.     Pop.  2712. 

Ferianeh,fA-re-i'n?h(anc.  Tha'lat),  a  town  of  Africa, 
in  the  Desert,  176  miles  S.S.W.  of  Tunis. 

Feringabad,  fA-rin-gi-bid',  a  village  of  Beloochistan, 
6  miles  N.E.  of  Moostung.     Pop.  about  800. 

Ferla,  ibn'M,  a  town  of  Sicily,  18  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Syracuse.    Pop.  4057. 

Ferlach,  f^R'liK,  a  village  of  Carinthia,  7  miles  8.  of 
Klagcnfurth,  on  the  Drave.     Pop.  1141. 

Ferlyug,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Furlog. 

Fermanagh,  f§r-man'i,  an  inland  county  of  Ireland, 
in  the  province  of  Ulster,  enclosed  by  the  cos.  of  Donegal, 
Tyrone,  Monaghan,  Cavan,  and  Leitrim.  Area,  714  square 
miles.  Mountain  limestone  is  the  prevalent  rock,  with  old 
red  sandstone  and  millstone  grit.  The  soil  is  generally  a 
rich  loam.  The  surface  varies  from  the  richest  vales  to  the 
wildest  uplands.  The  lakes  Upper  and  Lower  Erne,  with 
their  connecting  river,  divide  the  county  into  two  nearly 
equal  portions.  It  sends  three  members  to  the  House  of 
Commons, — two  for  the  county  and  one  for  Enniskillen,  its 
chief  town.     Pop.  in  1881,  84,879;  in  1891,  74,037. 

Fermanagh,  f§r-man'a,  a  township  of  Juniata  co.. 
Pa.     Pop.  993,  exclusive  of  the  borough  of  Mifflin. 

FcrmanviUe,  fdR'm5x>»^'eer,  a  village  of  France,  on 
the  sea-coast,  14  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Cherbourg.     Pop.  1950. 

Fermeuse,  fSn^muz',  a  large  village  and  settlement  of 
Newfoundland,  on  the  sea-coast,  51  miles  S.  of  St.  John's, 
and  7  miles  from  Ferryland.  It  has  a  fine  harbor,  safe  and 
commodious.  The  inhabitants  are  engaged  in  agriculture 
and  in  the  cod-  and  salmon-fishery.     Pop.  578. 

Fermo,  ffia'mo  (anc.  Fir'mum),  a  city  of  Central  Italy, 
in  the  Marches,  4  miles  from  the  Adriatic,  and  34  miles 
S.E.  of  Ancona.  Pop.  17,886.  The  city  proper  is  en- 
closed by  a  wall,  entered  by  5  gates,  and  has  a  cathedral, 
a  university  founded  in  1824,  and  fine  collections  of  art. 
Its  coast  harbor,  Porto  di  Fermo,  is  small,  but  exports  corn, 
silk,  and  woollens.     Fermo  is  an  archbishop's  see. 

Fer^mont',  or  Uad'nor  For'ges,  a  village  in 
Champlain  co.,  Quebec,  3  miles  from  Three  Rivers.  It 
contains  a  large  foundry,  where  pig  iron  and  railway-car- 
wheels  are  manufactured.  The  ore  and  charcoal  are  ob- 
tained in  the  neighborhood.     Pop.  150. 

Fermoselie,  f5u-mo-s5I'li  (anc.  Ocel'lum  Du'riif),  a 
town  of  Spain,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Zamora,  near  the  Douro. 
It  has  manufactures  of  cloths.     Pop.  1065. 

Fermoy',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  19  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Cork,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Blackwater.  It  is  con- 
nected by  rail  with  Mallow.  The  chief  structures  are  a  stone 
bridge  of  13  arches,  barracks,  an  elegant  parish  church,  a 
court-house,  a  bridewell,  a  union  workhouse,  a  hospital,  a 
Catholic  college,  and  a  convent.  It  has  extensive  flour-mills, 
and  a  large  trade  in  agricultural  produce.    Pop.  7388. 


Fern,  a  station  in  Putnam  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Indiannp* 
olis  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Oreencastle. 

Fernald's  Station,  New  Hampshire.  See  Wolf- 
borough  Centre. 

Fernan'dez  de  Ta'os,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Taos 
CO.,  New  Mexico,  about  66  miles  N.N.E.  of  Santa  Fe,  and 

10  miles  E.  of  the  Rio  Grande.  It  has  4  churches  and  a 
bank.  Here  are  hot  springs,  which  are  highly  commended. 
Pop.  about  1200. 

Fernandina,  f?r-nin-dee'nA,  a  port  of  entry,  and  cap- 
ital of  Nassau  co.,  Fla.,  on  Amelia  Island  (which  is  in  the 
Atlantic  Ocean),  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Jacksonville,  and  36 
miles  S.  of  Brunswick,  Ga.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  and  is 
the  N.E.  terminus  of  the  Florida  Central  &  Peninsular 
Railroad.  It  contains  a  court-house,  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
Catholic  academy,  5  white  and  8  colored  churches,  an  oyster- 
canning  factory,  a  phosphate-elevator,  a  public  library, 
separate  public  schools  for  white  and  colored,  and  manu- 
factures of  lumber,  sash,  blinds,  Ac.  Here  is  a  good  beach 
for  bathing  and  driving;  and  it  is  a  popular  place  of  resort 
in  summer  and  winter.  Lines  of  steamships  connect  it 
with  New  York  and  with  Brunswick.     Pop.  in  1890,  2803. 

Fernando  de  Noronha,  fdR-n&n'do  d&  no-r6n'yi, 
an  island  in  the  South  Atlantic  Ocean,  125  miles  from  the 
E.  extremity  of  Brazil,  to  which  it  belongs.  Lat.  of  peak, 
3°  50'  10"  S. ;  Ion.  32°  22'  42"  W.  Length,  from  N.E.  to 
S.W.,  8  miles.  Surface  mountainous  and  rugged,  but  fer- 
tile. It  has  several  harbors  defended  by  forts,  and  serves 
as  a  place  of  biinishment  from  Brazil. 

Fernan'do  Po  (Port.  pron.  fdR-nin'do  po:  so  called 
from  the  name  of  its  discoverer),  an  island  in  tho  Bight  of 
Biafra,  in  Western  Africa,  20  miles  from  the  mainland, 
between  lat.  3°  12'  and  3°  47'  N.  and  Ion.  8°  26'  and  8°  57' 
E.  It  is  of  volcanic  origin,  35  miles  long  and  22  miles 
broad.  On  it  is  a  ridge  of  mountains  terminating  in  a 
magnificent  cone,  10,190  feet  high,  called  Clarence  Peak. 
The  whole  appearance  of  this  beautiful  island  is  picturesque 
in  the  extreme,  being  covered  to  its  highest  elevations,  on 
tho  N.  part,  with  dense  forests  and  luxuriant  vegetation, 
while  on  the  S.  some  fine  park  scenery  compensates  a  com- 
parative deficiency  of  trees.  Tho  latter  consist  chiefly  of 
Ealms  and  the  magnificent  bombax.  The  sugar-cane  grows 
ere  wild  in  great  profusion;  yams  likewise  are  grown 
in  great  quantities,  and  are  esteemed  the  finest  in  Africa  | 
they  form  tho  chief  article  of  food  of  the  inhabitant-. 
India-rubber  and  palm  oil  are  exported.  There  are  several 
harbors  in  the  island,  tho  most  spacious  of  which  is  Maid- 
stone Bay,  at  the  N.E.  end,  where  is  situated  Clarence  Town, 
originally  an  English  settlement,  established  in  1827.  The 
natives  are  a  peculiar  race,  difi"erent  in  their  physical 
characteristics  and  language  from  their  neighbors  on  tho 
continent.  The  island  was  discovered  in  1471  by  tho  Portu- 
guese, who  in  1778  ceded  it  to  Spain.  It  is  now  a  Spanish 
place  of  exile  for  political  off'enders.     Pop.  2071. 

Fernan  Nunez,  ffin-nin'  noon'ySth,  a  town  of  Spain, 

11  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cordova.  It  has  manufactures  of  wool- 
lens and  linens.     Pop.  5961. 

Fern'bank,  a  post-village  of  Lamar  co.,  Ala. 

Fern  Creeli,  a  post-office  of  Jefierson  co.,  Ky. 

Fern'dale,  a  post-village  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal.,  5 
miles  from  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Eu- 
reka.    It  has  4  churches  and  2  newspaper  offices.     P.  763. 

Ferndale,  or  Full'erton,  a  post-village  of  Lehigh 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh  River,  2  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Allen- 
town.  It  has  2  churches,  a  rolling-mill,  a  car-factory,  and 
manufactures  of  wheels  and  axles.     Pop.  503. 

Ferndale,  a  post-office  of  King  co.,  Washington. 

Ferney,  or  Fernex,  ffin^ni',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Ain,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Gex,  and  4  miles  N.W.  of  Geneva,  at 
the  foot  of  the  Jura  Mountains.  Here  Voltaire  fixed  his 
residence,  and  in  1768  established  a  manufactory  of  watches, 
which  occupied  800  hands.  The  house  in  which  he  lived 
for  20  years  is  visited  by  thousands  of  travellers.    Pop.  907. 

Fer'ney,  a  station  in  Clinton  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Philadel- 
phia A  Erie  Railroad,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Lock  Haven. 

Fern  Islands,  England.    See  Farxe  Islands. 

Fern'land,  a  station  in  Mobile  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  New 
Orleans  &  Mobile  Railroad,  about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Mobilo. 
Here  are  several  mills  for  pine  lumber. 

Fern  Leaf,  a  post-office  of  Mason  co.,  Ky. 

Ferno,fdR'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  23  miles 
N.W.  of  Milan.     Pop.  1744. 

Fern  Prairie,  a  post-office  of  Clarke  co.,  Washington. 

Fern  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Louis  co..  Mo.,  in 
Bonhomme  township,  10  miles  S.  of  Rosedale  Station.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.   Here  is  CrSve  Coeur  Lake. 

Ferns,  a  town  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Wexford,  10  miles  hy 


F£R 


1173 


FER 


rail  N.N.E.  of  Enoiscorthy.  It  has  picturesque  raiiu  of 
an  abb«y,  and  a  cathedral ;  it  vra<  onoe  a  bishop's  see,  and 
•till  gives  name  to  a  Jloinan  Catholic  diocese.    Pop.  d08. 

Fern'wood,  a  suburb  uf  the  city  of  Chicago,  annexed 
to  the  city  in  Novoiuber,  18U0.  It  hnx  4  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  an  academy.     Pup.  818. 

Fern  wood,  a  pust-hnuilet  of  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Upper  Darby  township,  on  the  West  Chester  <l  I'hiladolphia 
Railroad,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a  churub,  a 
ootton-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  <tc. 

Ferockabad,  a  dintrict  of  India.    See  Furrdckabad. 

Ferou  iMiuiids,  in  the  Atlnntic.   See  Farok. 

Fero'iiia,  a  i)oiit-otlico  of  CotTee  co.,  Ga. 

Ferozabad,  or  Firozabad*  fco-ro^c&-bid',  a  town 
of  India,  district  and  24  miles  by  rail  £.  of  Agra.  It  is  ill 
built,  but  is  surrounded  by  interesting  ruins.     Pop.  14,255. 

Ferozabad,  a  town  of  British  India,  in  Nizam's  do- 
minions, on  the  Deemah,  112  miles  W.S.W.  of  Hyderabad. 

Ferozabad,  or  Firozabad,  fee-ro'E&-b&d',  a  town 
of  Persia,  province  of  Fars,  63  miles  S.  of  Shecraz.  It  is 
enclosed  with  old  walls,  and  has  a  royal  palace,  a  large 
temple,  and  an  old  aqueduct,  but  is  mostly  in  ruins. 

i  erozepoor,  Firozpur,  or  Fyrozpar*  fce-r3z- 
jioor',  a  district  of  the  Punjab,  India.  Its  centre  is  about 
lat  31°  N.,  Ion.  75°  E.  Area,  2692  square  miles.  It  is 
mostly  a  barren  jungle,  but  might  be  irrigated  and  re- 
claimed.    Capital,  Ferozepoor.     Pop.  549,253. 

Ferozepoor,  a  town,  capital  of  the  above,  near  the 
Sutlej,  50  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Lahore.  Since  the  British 
occupation  it  has  been  changed  from  a  wretched  and  filthy 
town  to  one  of  the  finest  and  healthiest  places  in  the 
Sast.     Pop.  20,592. 

Ferozepoor^  a  town  of  India,  district  of  Qoorgaon,  74- 
miles  S.  of  Delhi.  It  is  walled  and  fortified,  and  haa  the 
palace  of  a  nabob.     Pop.  7989. 

Ferrall's  Landing,  Ontario.  See  Bonneciiere  Point. 

Ferrandina,  ffin-Rin-dee'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  36  miles  E.S.E.  of  Potonza.     Pop.  7086. 

Ferrara,  f^R-R^'ril  (anc.  Fo'rum  Alie'ni  f),  a,  oitj  ot 
Italy,  in  Emilia,  capital  of  the  province  of  the  same  name, 
26  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Bologna,  near  the  north  branch 
of  the  Po.  It  is  a  large  and  well-built  town,  with  spacious 
and  regular  streets,  and  is  enclosed  by  a  wall  7  miles  in  cir- 
cuit, and  defended  on  the  W.  side  by  a  citadel  regularly 
fortified.  In  the  middle  of  the  city  is  a  castle,  flanked 
with  towers  and  surrounded  by  wet  ditches,  which  was 
once  the  residence  of  the  dukes.  Fcrrara  has  long  been 
falling  into  decay  ;  its  pavements  are  overgrown  with  grass, 
and  the  staircases  and  balconies  of  many  of  its  noble  palaces 
are  overrun  with  ivy,  while  others  are  without  either  doors 
or  windows.  It  still  conttiins  a  vast  cathedral  and  numer- 
ous churches,  most  of  which  contain  valuable  paintings, 
together  with  some  interesting  specimens  of  sculpture. 
It  has  also  a  public  gallery  of  paintings,  called  the  Palazzo 
del  Magistrato,  containing  many  excellent  works  by  the 
leading  painters  of  the  Ferrara  school,  a  university,  com- 

firising  a  school  of  medicine  and  jurisprudence,  and  a  public 
ibrary,  containing  IOO,OUO  volumes  and  1100  MSS.,  the 
latter  including  some  of  those  of  Ariosto  and  Tasso.  The 
house  in  which  Ariosto  was  educated,  and  that  in  which  he 
lived  during  his  latter  years,  are  shown.  The  latter  is  now 
national  property,  and  is  ranked  among  the  national  mon- 
uments. Another  object  of  interest  is  the  cell  in  the  Hos- 
pital of  St.  Anna,  in  which  Tasso  was  imprisoned.  Ferrara 
IS  an  archbishop's  see.  It  carries  on  some  trade  in  corn 
and  other  produce  of  the  soil.  There  are  manufactures  of 
silk  ribbons,  wax  candles,  brazen  utensils,  and  stoves,  also 
tanneries  and  glass-works.  Under  the  line  of  Este  the  city 
was  the  capital  of  a  sovereign  duchy,  and  possessed  one  of  the 
most  polished  courts  in  Italy,  and  a  population  estimated  at 
more  than  100,000.  In  the  fifteenth  century  it  was  famous 
for  its  school  of  painting,  which  ranked  as  one  of  the  first  in 
Italy ;  and  in  the  sixteenth  it  was  the  asylum  of  Calvin, 

Marot,  and  other  Reformers.     Pop.  in  1881,  28,814. 

Adj.  and  inhab.  Fbrrarese,  ffir^r&-reez'. 

Ferrara,  a  province  in  the  N.  of  Italy,  bounded  N. 
by  the  Po  and  E.  by  the  Adriatic.  Area,  1010  square 
miles.  It  is  almost  entirely  composed  of  a  delta  formed 
by  branches  of  the  Po  and  by  the  Panaro  and  Primaro,  and 
includes  within  it  the  extensive  lagoon.s  of  Comacchio.  It 
comprises  the  greater  part  of  what  was  formerly  the  duchy 
of  Ferrara.     Capital,  Ferrara.     Pop.  215.369. 

Ferra'ra,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  0. 

Ferraria  Asteusinm.    See  Ferrerb. 

Ferratus  Mons,  the  ancient  name  of  Jurjura. 

Ferrazzano,  f4R-Rit-s.\'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
Ibm  and  1  mile  S.S.E.  of  Campobasso.    Pop.  3446. 


Ferreira,  f5R-R4'e-r&  (anc.  Rara'pia),  a  town  of  For. 
tujnil,  in  Alemtejo,  16  miles  W.  of  Bcja.     Pop.  3247. 

Forreira,  a  village  of  Portugal,  in  Kstrcmodura,  0 
miles  E.  of  Thomar.     Pop.  1887. 

Ferreira,  a  village  of  Portugal,  provinee  of  Beira,  40 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Avciro. 

Ferreira,  fiK-R&'e-r&,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
36  miles  E.  of  Oraniula.     Pop.  1416. 

Fcrreiros,  fiR-R4-ee'roce,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
Douro,  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Aveira,  near  the  Vouga.    P.  1441. 

Ferreiros  de  Tcndacs,  fdR-nA-ce'roce  di  tdn-di'is, 
a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira-Alta,  16  miles  from  Lamego. 
Pop.  1044. 

Fer'rell,  a  post-office  of  Edgar  co.,  III.,  on  the  Illinois 
Midland  Railroad,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Terre  Haute,  Ind. 

Fer'rell's,  a  station  in  Wakulla  co.,  Fla.,  on  the  St. 
Mark's  Branch  of  the  Jacksonville,  Pensacola  &  Mobile 
Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of  Tallahassee. 

Ferrere,  fin-Ri'rS,  (anc.  Ferraria  Attensiumf),  a  vil- 
lage of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  8  miles  W.  of  Asti.    I'op.  1880. 

Ferrerias,  fiR-ni-ree'is,  a  town  on  the  island  of  Mi- 
norca, 19  miles  N.W.  of  Port  Mahon.     Pop.  961. 

Ferrifere,  ffiR^ne-aiR',  a  village  of  Franco,  in  AUier,  4  j 

miles  S.S.E.  of  La  Palisse.     Pop.  491. 

Ferritires,  f5R*ne-aiR',  a  village  of  France,  in  IsSre, 
17  miles  N.E.  of  Grenoble. 

Ferriferes,  a  village  of  Franco,  in  Loiret,  6  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Montargis.     It  has  marble-quarries.     Pop.  1967. 

Ferrifiafe,  feR*ncen-yi'fi,  a  town  of  Peru,  10  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Lambayeque.  It  has  4  steam  rice-mills  and  a 
cotton-gin,  and  exports  much  rice.     Pop.  8000. 

Fer'rintosh,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ross,  li  miles 
S.E.  of  Dingwall. 

Fer'ris,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co.,  III.,  at  the  cross- 
ing of  two  railroads.  4  miles  N.  of  Carthage.  It  has  a 
church  and  public  schools.     Pop.  in  1890,  305. 

Ferris,  a  post-office  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas. 

Ferris,  a  post-township  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.,  about 
48  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Lansing.     Pop.  1314. 

Ferris,  a  post-village  of  Ellis  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Houston 
&  Texas  Central  Railroad,  19  miles  S.  of  Dallas.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  cotton-gin. 

Ferris,  a  post-office  of  Carbon  co.,  Wyoming,  about  40 
miles  N.  of  Rawlins. 

Fer'risburg,  a  post-village  of  Addison  co.,  Vt.,  in  Fer- 
risburg  township,  and  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  19 
miles  S.  of  Burlington,  and  2  miles  N.  of  Vergennes.  It 
has  2  churches.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by 
Lake  Champlain,  and  intersected  by  Otter  Creek.  It  con- 
tains the  village  of  North  Ferrisburg.     Total  pop.  1768. 

Fer'ro  (Sp.  Hierro,  ydn'Ro ;  Fr.  lie  de  Fer,  eel  d?h  faifi), 
the  most  S.W.  of  the  Canary  Islands.  Lat.  of  N.W.  point, 
27°  45'  8"  N.;  Ion.  18°  7'  5"  W.  of  Greenwich.  It  is 
known  chiefly  as  the  place  whence  the  longitude  is  reck- 
oned by  many  geographers,  since  its  meridian  is  the  assumed 
line  dividing  the  Eastern  and  Western  hemispheres;  but  the 
conventional  meridian  of  Ferro  (17°  40'  W.  of  Greenwich) 
is  not  its  true  one.  Area,  100  square  miles.  It  produces 
good  wine  and  fruits,  archil,  honey,  small  sheep,  Ac,  which, 
with  brandy,  are  exported.     Chief  town,  Valverde. 

Ferro  Islands,  Denmark.    See  Fahoe. 

Ferro,  Cape,  Algeria.    See  Cape  Ferro. 

Ferrol,  ffiR-nOl',  a  seaport  town  and  one  of  the  prin- 
cipal naval  arsenals  of  Spain,  province  and  12  miles  N.E. 
of  Corunna,  on  the  N.  arm  of  the  B.ay  of  Betanzos.  Lat. 
of  the  mole,  43°  29'  30"  N. ;  Ion.  8°  13'  W.  Pop.  21,120. 
Its  harbor,  one  of  the  best  in  Europe,  is  entered  by  a  nar- 
row strait,  and  is  defended  by  the  castles  of  San  Felipe  and 
Palma.  "The  town  on  its  N.  shore  is  strongly  fortified  on 
the  land  side.  Its  vast  arsenal  and  dock-yard,  founded  by 
Charles  III.,  covers  nearly  24  acres,  and  comprises  many 
magnificent  docks  and  storehouses.  It  h.as  a  general  and 
a  military  hospital,  3  largo  churches,  an  old  Franciscan 
monastery,  a  tax-office,  a  prison  for  galley-slaves,  the 
residence  of  the  authorities,  naval  barracks,  and  schools  of 
navigation  and  mathematics.  The  manufactures  comprise 
hats,  paper,  leather,  navivl  stores,  and  hardwares.  Principal 
exports,  corn,  brandy,  vinegar,  and  fish ;  imports,  salted 
meat  and  manufactured  products  of  Northern  Europe. 

Fer'rol,  a  post-village  of  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Ches- 
apeake <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  17  miles  W.S.W.  of  Staunton.  It 
has  a  church  and  an  iron-furnace.  The  name  of  the  station 
is  Elizabeth  Furnace. 

Ferromonte,  fdr'ro-mont',  a  hamlet  of  Morris  co., 
N.J.,  in  Randolph  township,  on  the  Ferromonte  Railroad, 
2  or  3  miles  S.W.  of  Dover.  Here  is  an  iron-mine  about 
800  feet  deep. 


FER 


1173 


FEZ 


Ferro'na,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
New  York  &  Canada  Railroad  (Au  Sable  Branch),  17  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Plattsburg.  It  is  a  shipping-point  for  iron  ore, 
which  is  mined  about  1  mile  from  Ferrona  and  is  of  superior 
quality.     Pop.  nearly  300. 

Fer'ry,  a  post-office  of  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa. 

Ferry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oceana  co.,  Mich.,  in  Ferry 
township,  on  the  North  Branch  of  White  River,  about  30 
miles  N.  of  Muskegon.  It  has  a  church,  1  or  2  flour-mills, 
and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  of  the  township,  498, 

Fer'ry  Bridge,  or  Fry'stone  Ferry,  a  town  of 
England,  co.  of  York,  West  Riding,  on  the  Aire,  2  miles 
N.E.  of  Pontefract. 

Fer'ryden,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Forfar,  on  the 
South  Esk,  opposite  Montrose,  and  S  of  a  mile  from  the 
North  Sea.     Pop.  1395,  mostly  fishermen. 

Fer'ryhill,  a  township  of  England,  co.  of  Durham,  at 
a  railway  junction,  6  miles  S.  of  Durham.     Pop.  2646. 

Fer'ry  land,  a  post-town  and  port  of  entry  of  Newfound- 
land, capital  of  the  district  of  Ferryland,  on  the  eastern 
,  coast  of  the  peninsula  of  Avalon,  40  miles  S.  of  St.  John's. 
It  is  one  of  the  oldest  towns  on  the  island,  having  been 
founded  by  Sir  George  Calvert,  afterwards  Lord  Baltimore, 
in  1623.  He  resided  here  for  some  time,  but  left  it  on  ac- 
count of  troubles  with  the  French,  and  went  to  Maryland, 
where  he  founded  the  city  of  Baltimore.  The  town  of  Fer- 
ryland is  very  prettily  situated,  and  has  a  fine  and  safe 
harbor  and  a  large  cod-fishery.     Pop.  680. 

Ferry  Pass,  a  post-hamlet  and  ferry  of  Escambia  co., 
Fla.,  on  the  Escambia  River  or  Bay,  8  miles  N.  of  Pensa- 
cola.    It  has  2  stores. 

Ferry  Point,  a  village  in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Bay  of  Quinte,  1  mile  from  Belleville.     Pop.  200. 

Fer'ryport-on-Craig,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co,  of 
Fife,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  estuary  of  the  Tay,  here  crossed  by 
a  railway  ferry.  Hi  miles  N,B.  of  Cupar-Fife.    Pop.  2674. 

Fer'rysburg,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Ot- 
tawa CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  N.  bank  of  Grand  River,  opposite 
Grand  Haven,  and  on  the  Alichigan  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  at 
the  W.  terminus  of  the  Detroit,  Grand  Haven  &  Milwaukee 
Railroad,  29  miles  W.N.W.  of  Grand  Rapids,  and  about  2 
miles  from  Lake  Michigan,  It  has  a  graded  school,  2  saw- 
mills, a  machine-shop,  and  a  boiler-factory.  Here  are  largo 
orchards  of  apples  and  other  fruits,  and  near  here  is  Spring 
Lake,  6  miles  long.     Pop.  1168. 

Ferrytown  of  Cree.    See  Creetown. 

Ferry  Village,  a  village  of  Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  in 
Cape  Elizabeth  township,  on  Casco  Bay,  1  mile  S.E.  of 
Portland.  A  steam  ferry-boat  plies  between  Portland  and 
this  village.     It  has  a  ship-yard. 

Fer'ryville,  a  village  of  St,  Clair  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Coosa  River,  1 3  miles  N.W.  of  Talladega.    It  has  2  churches. 

Ferry  ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  8  miles  from  Lansing,  Iowa. 

Ferle,  La,  France.    See  La  Feute, 

Fer'tigs,  a  post-office  of  Venango  co..  Pa, 

Fer'tile,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Worth  co., 
Iowa,  about  15  miles  N.W.  of  Mason  City.     Pop.  901, 

Fertile,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co.,  Minn.,  22  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Crookston,  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop,  273. 

Fertility,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa, 

Fertit,  or  Fertyt,  firHit'  or  fSrHeet',  called  also  Dar 
Fertit,  a  little-known  country  or  district  of  Eastern 
Africa,  S.  of  Darfoor  and  Kordofan,  watered  by  the  affluents 
of  the  Bahr-el-Abiad,  with  a  town  of  the  same  name,  in  a 
hilly  region,  about  lat,  9°  35'  N.,  Ion.  26°  42'  18"  E.  Fertit 
is  said  to  contain  rich  copper-mines.  It  is  in  part  unin- 
habited, but  negro  tribes,  called  Golo  and  Krej,  the  last 
very  degraded,  inhabit  parts  of  the  hind.  Fertit  is  claimed 
by  the  Khedive  of  Egypt,  whose  authority  is,  however, 
hardly  more  than  nominal. 

Ferto  Tava,  Hungarian  for  the  Lake  op  Neusiedl. 

Fcrwerd,  fSd'MRt,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Friesland,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Leeuwarden,     Pop.  1780, 

Ferzah,  fSr'zi,  a  village  of  Afghanistan,  30  miles  N.W. 
of  Cabool. 

Fesa,  f5s'i  or  fi'si,  a  town  of  Persia,  in  Fars,  78  miles 
S.E.  of  Sheeraz.  The  town  stands  in  a  mountain-defile, 
and  has  manufactories  of  silken,  woollen,  and  cotton  fabrics, 
with  a  trade  in  tobacco.     Pop.  18,000. 

Fesole,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Fiesole. 

Fessa  and  Fezza,  the  Latin  names  of  Fez. 

Festenberg,  f5s't?n-b5RG\  or  Twardagora,  t<^aR- 
da-go'r4,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  26  miles  N,E.  of 
Breslau.     Pop.  2153. 

Festi'na,  a  post-village  of  Winneshiek  co.,  Iowa,  about 


22  miles  N.  of  Fayette.  It  has  a  church  and  general  stor» 
and  business  houses.     Pop.  about  200. 

Fest'us,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Mo.,  5  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Crystal  City,  and  8  miles  E,  of  Hillsborough.  It 
has  several  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  man- 
ufactures of  phite-gliiss.     Pop.  1335. 

F6terues,  fitH^Rn'  (L,  Fister'na),  a  village  of  France, 
in  Haute-Savoie,  near  the  Dranse,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Geneva. 
Mines  of  lignite  are  worked,  and  there  are  some  fine  ala- 
baster grottos  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  1372. 

Feth'ard,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co,  of  Tipperary,  8  miles 
S.E.  of  Cashej,  It  was  built  in  King  John's  reign,  and  has 
an  ancient  church,  a  friary  chapel,  and  a  barrack.    P.  2106. 

Fet-Islam,  a  town  of  Servia.     See  Gladova. 

Fet'lar,  one  of  the  most  northern  of  the  Shetland  Isles, 
near  North  Yell.     Pop.  517. 

Fetooka,  or  Fetouga.    See  Hood's  Island.    ' 

Fettan,  ffit'tdn,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Orisons,  34  miles  E.S.E.  of  Chur,     Pop.  511. 

Fetterman,  Alleghany  co..  Pa.     See  West  Libertt. 

Fet'terman,  a  post-village  of  Taylor  co.,  W.  Va.,  98 
miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Wheeling.  It  has  a  church,  a  tan- 
nery, a  tobacco-factory,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Feuchtwang,  foiKt'^&ng,  or  Fcuchtwangen, 
folKt'i^ing^^n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Sulz,  14  miles 
S,W,  of  Anspach.     Pop.  2535. 

Feuerbach,  foi'§r-baK\  a  town  of  AVilrtemberg,  2\ 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  4246. 

Feuerland,  the  German  name  of  Terra  del  Fuego. 

Feu'rabush,  a  station  in  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
railroad  from  Schenectady  to  Athens,  22  miles  N.  of  Athens. 

Feurs,  ftjn  (anc.  Fo'rum  Ser)Hs!ano'rnm),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Loire,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Montbrison,  on  a  rail- 
way, and  on  the  Loire.     Pop.  2695. 

Feve'da,  an  island  of  British  Columbia,  in  the  Gulf 
of  Georgia,  between  Vancouver's  Island  and  the  mainland. 
Lat.  49°  41' N.;  Ion.  124°  W.     Length,  32  miles. 

Feversham,  a  town  of  England.    See  Faversham. 

Fevre  (fe'v?r)  Iliver,  Illinois,  a  small  stream  which 
rises  in  Wisconsin  and  enters  the  Mississippi  River,  in  Jo 
Daviess  co.,  6  miles  below  Galena.  Steamboats  ascend  it 
to  Galena. 

Fews'viile,  a  post-village  of  Baraga  co.,  Mich.,  on 
Keweenaw  Bay,  5  miles  N,  of  L'Anse,  It  has  a  church,  a 
saw-mill,  and  a  fish-packing  depot, 

Feye,  fi'?h,  or  Feye-oe,  fi'^h-ti^^h,  a  small  island 
off  the  western  coast  of  Norway,  30  miles  N,W,  of  Bergen. 
Lat,  60°  46'  N, ;  Ion,  4°  44'  E,     Length,  4  miles, 

Fey'lers'  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co,,  Me. 

Fez,  fSz  (Arab.  Fas,  fis;  L,  Fes'sa,  or  Fez'za),  an  im- 
portant city  of  Morocco,  in  reality  the  principal  city  in  the 
empire,  and  one  of  its  capitals,  l.at,  34°  6'  3"  N,,  Ion,  6' 
1'  11"  W.,  100  miles  E.  of  the  Atlantic,  85  miles  S.  of  th# 
Mediterranean,  and  245  miles  N.E.  of  the  city  of  Morocco. 
It  is  finely  situated  on  the  slope  of  several  hills,  whose 
acclivities  are  covered  with  orange  groves,  orchards,  and 
gardens.  It  is  surrounded  by  walls,  and  is  in  two  nearlj 
distinct  parts.  Old  Fez  in  the  N.  and  New  Fez  in  a  valley  to 
the  S.  The  streets  are  narrow,  dark,  and  extremely  dirty. 
The  houses  are  high,  with  flat  roofs,  on  which  the  families 
spread  carpets  in  summer  to  enjoy  the  cool  breezes  of  the 
evening.  There  are,  it  is  said,  upwards  of  200  mosques  in 
the  city,  the  principal  of  which  is  called  El  Carobeen,  con- 
taining 300  pillars,  a  number  of  gates,  and  2  handsome 
fountains  in  the  court.  Within  this  mosque  is  a  covered 
place  for  women  who  may  choose  to  participate  in  the  pub- 
lic prayers,  an  indulgence  not  allowed  in  any  other  Moham- 
medan place  of  worship.  The  most  frequented  mosque  is 
that  of  Sultan  Muley  Edris,  the  founder  of  Fez,  who  is 
venerated  as  a  saint,  and  whose  remains  are  deposited  here. 
Its  minaret  is  the  finest  and  loftiest  in  Fez.  'Ibis  mosque 
is  the  most  sacred  sanctuary  in  all  the  country,  affording 
safety  and  protection  to  the  most  atrocious  criminals.  The 
only  other  remarkable  building  to  be  seen  at  Fez  is  the 
Sultan's  palace,  situated  on  an  elevation  in  the  new  city. 
It  is  an  iinmense  structure,  composed  of  a  great  number  of 
court-yards,  some  half  finished,  others  going  to  decay.  Its 
gates  are  always  kept  closed,  no  persons  but  those  particu- 
larly privileged  being  admitted.  There  is  another  palace, 
between  the  old  and  the  new  town,  and  still  a  third,  in  the 
southern  suburb.  The  city  is  well  supplied  with  water  from 
the  river  Fez,  There  are  also  a  great  number  of  publio 
baths.  Fez  contains  several  hospitals,  one  of  which  is  very 
richly  endowed,  used  for  the  treatment  of  lunatics.  There 
are  nearly  200  caravansaries,  or  inns,  in  which  the  guest 
furnishes  his  own  food  and  bedclothes.  The  manufactures 
consisted  woollen  cloaks,  sashes,  silk  handkerchiefs,  slipperf^ 


FEZ 


1174 


FIE 


fwl  eap«,  extonaively  u»©d  throughout  the  north  of  Africa, 
and,  from  the  place  of  manufacture,  nanie<l  fezes;  coarse 
linen,  fine  carpets,  common  earthenware,  saddlery,  and  cop- 
per utenfils.  Fes,  founded  in  7»3  by  Mulcy  Edris,  was  the 
capital  of  an  independent  state,  and  subsequently  became 
so  famous  as  a  sent  of  Arabian  learning  that  its  schools  of 
philosophy  and  phyxical  science  wore  resorted  to  from  all 
the  Mohammedan  states  of  Africa  and  Spain.  The  remains 
of  its  institutions  still  attract  round  them  a  number  of  Mo- 
hammciian  doctors,  and  the  schools  are  frequented  by  a 
great  many  scholars;  but  the  studies  are  confined  to  the 
Koran  and  its  commentators,  with  a  slight  tincture  of  gram- 
mar antl  logic,  metjiphysics,  alchemy,  and  antrology.  Fez 
is  considered  a  holy  town  by  the  Western  Arabs,  and  resorted 
to  by  them  as  a  place  of  pilgrimage.  After  its  conquest,  in 
1548,  by  Morocco,  it  commenced  to  decline,  but  recovered 
for  a  time  after  the  fall  of  the  kingdom  of  Cordova  and  in 
consequence  of  the  edicts  of  Philip  II.  against  the  Moham- 
medans. The  population  is  estimated  at  100,OUO,  composed 
of  Moors  and  Arabs,  63,000,  Berbers,  Ac.,  10,000,  Jews, 
10,000,  negroes,  5000. 

Fez*  Ki.NODOU  OP,  once  an  independent  state,  now  the 
most  northern  section  of  the  empire  of  Morocco ;  bounded 
Ji.  by  the  Mediterranean,  E.  by  Algeria,  S.  by  the  river 
Omer-begh  or  Morbeya,  which  separates  it  from  Morocco 
proper,  and  W.  by  the  Atlantic.  It  was  conquered  and 
united  to  Morocco  in  1548. 

Fezarah,  or  Fetzara,  f^-z&'r&,  a  lake  of  Algeria,  30 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Bona.  It  is  about  30  miles  long  and  24 
broad,  very  shallow,  and  somewhat  salt,  and  abounds  with 
flamingoes  and  other  wild  fowl,  and  its  shores  with  snipe  and 
wild  boar. 

Fezzan,  fdz^z&n'  (anc.  Phazania  or  Pkatanta),  a  king- 
dom of  Northern  Africa,  usually  considered  as  lying  between 
lat.  24"  and  31°  N.  and  Ion.  12°  and  17°  E.,  being  about460 
miles  in  length  and  300  miles  in  breadth.  It  is  bounded 
by  Tripoli  on  the  N.  (the  Jcbel-es-Soda  dividing  the  two 
countries),  and  on  all  other  sides  by  the  Sahara,  or  Great 
Desert.  In  the  northern  part  there  are  three  ranges  of 
mountains,  perfectly  barren,  of  irregular  form,  occasionally 
broken  into  detached  masses,  and  sometimes  rising  into 
conical  peaks  from  1200  to  1500  feet  in  height.  To  the 
S.  of  these  ranges  the  country  consists  of  extensive  sandy 
plains,  destitute  of  vegetation,  alternating  with  ridges  of 
low  hills,  the  valleys  of  which  contain  nearly  all  the  cul- 
tivable soil  in  the  territory.  Dates  are  the  principal 
produce,  and  form  the  chief  food  of  the  inhabitants ;  small 
quantities  of  maize  and  barley  are  also  grown.  Figs,  pome- 
granates, lemons,  and  legumes  are  plentiful,  as  are  also  pot- 
herbs and  garden-vegetables.  There  are  no  rivers  or  brooks, 
and  few  natural  springs ;  but  water  is  found  in  abundance 
at  various  depths  from  10  to  20  feet.  In  summer  the  heat 
is  extreme,  but  in  winter  the  cold  is  pretty  severe,  llain 
seldom  falls;  in  some  districts  it  does  not  rain  for  years 
together.  The  wild  animals,  which  are  abundant,  are 
lions,  panthers,  hyenas,  jackals,  tiger-cats,  gazelles,  and 
foxes.  A  considerable  trade  is  carried  on  by  caravans  with 
Timbuctoo  and  Borneo;  while  Moorzook,  the  capital,  is  the 
rendezvous  of  caravans  coming  from  Cairo,  Bengazi,  Trip- 
oli, Ghadamis,  Tooat,  and  Soodan.  The  natives  of  Fezzan 
are  of  a  mixed  race,  between  those  of  various  African 
countries.  The  principal  towns  are  Moorzook,  towards  the 
southern  boundary,  and  Sockna,  towards  the  northern,  dis- 
tant from  each  other  about  230  miles.  Fezzan  is  governed 
by  a  chief,  who  has  the  title  and  exercises  the  power  of  a 
sultan  within  his  own  territory,  but  is  dependent  on  the 
Viceroy  of  Tripoli,  to  whom  he  pays  tribute.  In  time  of 
■war,  the  sultan  is  said  to  be  able  to  bring  from  15,000  to 
20,000  men  into  the  field.  Fezzan  is  often  spoken  of  as  an 
oasis,  but  it  is  really  a  desert  enclosing  many  oases.  The 
population  has  been  variously  estimated  at  from  75,000  to 
150,000. Inhab.  Fez'axeek'. 

Fiaccone,  fe-ik-ko'ni  {h.Flaco),  a  town  of  Italy,  7 
miles  S.  of  Novi,     Pop.  985. 

Fiambala,  fee-&m-b&'l&,  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Re- 
public, in  Catamarca,  50  miles  N.W.  of  Tucuman.     P.  2523. 

Fiandra,  the  Italian  name  of  Flanders. 

Fiano,  fe-l'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  14  miles  N.W.  of 
Turin.     Pop.  796. 

Fianona,  fe-&-no'n&,  or  Flunona^  floo-no'n&,  a  vil- 
lage of  Austria,  on  the  Gulf  of  Quarnero,  19  miles  S.W.  of 
Fiume.     Pop.  1256. 

Fiatt%  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co..  111.,  in  Joshua 
township,  4  miles  N.  of  Cuba  Station,  and  about  32  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Peoria.     It  has  2  churches. 

Ficarazzif  fee-k&-rdt'gee,  a  maritime  village  of  Sicily, 
«  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Palermo.     Pop.  1528. 


Ficcnrolo,  flk-ki-ro'lo,  a  village  of  Northern  lUly, 
province  and  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Rovigo,  on  the  To,  hero 
crossed  by  a  flying  bridge.     Pop.  3471. 

Fichtel-Berg,  flK't?l-bfino\  or  Fichtcl-Gebirgc, 

fiK't^l-go-bCCR'o^,  a  mountain-range  in  Bavaria,  forming 
a  kind  of  central  nucleus  from  which  the  principal  ranges 
of  Germany  diverge.  It  commences  near  the  town  of  Bai- 
reuth,  and,  stretching  N.E.  for  about  36  miles,  terminates 
on  the  Bohemian  frontiers,  where  the  Erz-Gcbirge  begins 
and  continues  the  chain  in  the  same  direction.  Its  principal 
summits  are  the  Ochsenkopf  (ox'^n-kopf  \  i.e.,  "ox-head"), 
3397  feet,  and  the  Schnee-Berg  (shni'b^iio,  "snow-moun- 
taiu"),  3450  feet  high.  No  less  than  four  important  rivers 
hero  take  their  rise.  Of  these  the  Main  or  Mayn,  which 
is  the  largest,  flows  W.  towards  the  Rhino;  the  Naab,  S. 
towards  the  Danube;  and  both  the  Eger  and  the  Saale  to 
the  Elbe,  though  by  dilTercnt  directions,  the  one  E.  and  the 
other  N.  The  Fichtel-Gebirge  takes  its  name  {Fichte  or 
Fichtet,  "pine")  from  the  pine  fbreste  with  which  much 
of  it  is  covered. 

Fick'Ien,  a  station  on  the  Washington  Branch  of  the 
Georgia  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Washington,  Ga. 

Ficnlle,  fe-kool'lA,  a  town  of  Italy,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Orvicto.     Pop.  2284. 

Fida,  fee'da,  or  Hida,  hee'di  (Chin.  Feitant  fi-t4n'), 
a  province  of  Japan,  in  the  central  part  of  the  island  of 
Hondo,  covered  with  well-wooded  mountains.    Pop.  98,378. 

Fidala,  a  town  of  Morocco.     Sec  Fidali-ah. 

FidalgO)  fe-dil'go,  a  large  harbor  of  Alaska,  on  its 
southern  coast,  N.E.  of  Prince  William  Sound,  in  lat.  60° 
50'  N.,  Ion.  145°  45'  W.,  and  bearing  the  name  of  its  Spanish 
discoverer  in  1790. 

Fidalgo  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Skagit  oo.,  Washing- 
ton, is  on  Fidalgo  Island,  in  the  N.  part  of  Puget  Sound. 
The  island  is  about  15  miles  long.     Its  soil  is  fertile. 

Fidallah,  fe-d&l'l&,  or  Fidala,  fe-d&'li,  a  walled  sea- 
port of  Morocco,  province  of  Fez,  near  the  Atlantic,  40  miles 
S.W.  of  Rabatt. 

Fiddich,  fid'diK,  a  small  river  of  Scotland,  flowing 
through  the  beautiful  vale  of  Glen-Fiddich  into  the  Spey. 

FiddichoAV,  fid'de-Kov\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pome- 
rania,  on  the  Oder,  21  miles  S.W.  of  Stettin.     Pop.  2813. 

Fiddlctown,  Amador  co.,  Cnl.     See  Oleta. 

Fiddri,  a  lake  of  Africa.     See  Fittre. 

Fidel'ity,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jersey  co..  111.,  3  miles 
from  Medora  Station,  and  about  18  miles  N.  of  Alton.  It 
has  2  ehurches. 

Fidelity,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co.,  Kansas. 

Fidelity,  a  post- village  of  Jasper  co..  Mo.,  7  miles  (di- 
rect) S.  of  Carthage. 

Fidelity,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  N.C. 

Fidelity,  Miami  co.,  0.    See  Fredericktowk. 

Fideris,  fe-di'ris,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Gri-sons,  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Chur,     Pop.  366. 

Fi<Ui  Islands,  Pacific  Ocean.     See  Feejee  Islands. 

Fido  Kastro,  fee'do  kis'tro,  a  ruined  fort  of  Epirus 
on  the  northern  shore  of  the  gulf,  at  the  mouth  of  the  old 
river  of  Arta,  and  supposed  to  be  the  ancient  Am'hracui, 

Field,  a  Norwegian  term.     See  Fjeld. 

Field  (feeld)  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Llano  co.,  Tex. 

Fielden,  feeld'^n,  a  post-office  of  Elliott  co.,  Ky. 

Fielding,  feeld'ing,  a  village  of  Do  Kalb  co.,  111.,  in 
Franklin  township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Pacific  Railroad,  71 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Chicago,  and  8  miles  E.  of  Davis  Junc- 
tion.    It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  200. 

Fieldon,  feeld'9n,  a  post-village  of  Jersey  co.,  III.,  10 
miles  W.  of  Jersey ville,  and  25  miles  N.W.  of  Alton.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  common  school,  several  stores,  Ac. 

Fieldon,  a  township  of  Watonwan  co.,  Minn.     P.  278. 

Fieldsborough,  fecldz'bur-rfih,  a  post-hamlet  of  New 
Castle  CO.,  Del.,  about  24  miles  S.S.W.  of  Wilmington. 

Fieldsborough,  or  White  Hill,  a  borough  of  Bur- 
lington CO.,  N.J.,  in  Bordentown  township,  on  the  Delaware 
River,  and  on  the  Camden  <fe  Amboy  Railroad,  2  or  3  miles 
S.W.  of  Bordentown.  It  has  2  churches,  an  iron-forge,  and 
a  machine-shop. 

Field's  Corner,  a  station  on  a  branch  of  the  Old 
Colony  Railroad,  4  miles  from  the  terminal  station  in  Bos- 
ton, Mass. 

Field's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Milton  co.,  Ga. 

Field's  Dale,  a  hamlet  of  Lafayette  co..  Mo.,  7  milei 
S.  of  Wavcrly.     It  has  1  or  2  churches. 

Fields  lUill,  a  post-office  of  Gordon  co.,  Ga. 

Field's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  18  miles  N.  of  Williams- 
port. 

Field's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Waller  co.,  Tex. 


VIE 


1175 


FIL 


Fiery*8,  fi'^r-i^)  *  station  in  'Washington  co.,  Md.,  on 
tho  Ilagerstown  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Kailroad, 
8  miles^S.  of  Ilagerstown. 

Fiesole,  fe-5s'o-le  or  fyfis'o-li,  or  Fesole,  fes'o-lA 
(anc.  Fxs'ulse),  a  town  of  Italy,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Florence, 
on  a  hill  commanding  a  magnificent  view  of  the  Arno 
valley.  Pop.  13,180.  It  was  anciently  one  of  the  twelve 
principal  cities  of  Etruria,  and  has  remains  of  cyclopean 
walls  and  of  a  Roman  amphitheatre,  with  a  cathedral  of 
the  eleventh  century,  adorned  with  excellent  sculpture  and 
paintings,  a  commercial  hall,  and  many  country-houses  of 
the  inhabitants  of  Florence.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Fif,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  Hofhoof. 

Fife,  fif,  or  Fifeshire,  flfshir,  a  county  of  Scotland, 
forming  a  peninsula  on  its  eastern  coast,  between  the  Firth 
of  Tay  on  the  N.  and  tho  Firth  of  Forth  on  the  S.,  and  having 
the  North  Sea  on  the  E.  Area,  613  square  miles.  The 
northern  portion  is  formed  of  old  red  sandstone.  From  tho 
Eden  westward  it  consists  of  the  coal  formation,  with  lime- 
stone, coal,  and  ironstone.  The  whole  county  is  inter- 
sected by  trap  rocks.  The  Ochills,  the  Lomonds,  and 
Largo  Law  are  the  highest  summits.  The  principal  rivers 
are  the  Tay,  Eden,  Leven,  and  Forth.  The  "  How  of  Fife," 
traversed  by  the  Eden,  is  particularly  productive.  Fife- 
shire contains  thirteen  royal  burghs,  and  an  unusual  num- 
ber of  thriving  towns  and  villages,  the  chief  of  which  are 
Cupar-Fife  (the  county  town),  Dunfermline,  St.  Andrews, 
Kirkcaldy,  and  Elie.  Fife  sends  one  member  to  the  House 
of  Commons,  and  its  burghs  join  in  sending  three  others. 
Pop.  in  1881,  171,931 ;  in  1891,  187,320. 

Fife  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Grand  Traverse  co., 
Mich.,  on  a  small  lake,  in  Fife  Lake  township,  on  the 
Grand  Rapids  <fc  Indiana  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Walton, 
and  21  miles  S.E.  of  Traverse  City.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  lumber-  and  furni- 
.ture  factories.     Pop.  in  1890,  394;  of  the  township,  810. 

Fife-Ness,  fif-ness',  a  promontory  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
•  Fife,  on  the  North  Sea,  in  lat.  66°  17'  N.,  Ion.  2°  36'  W. 
'Beyond  it  is  the  dangerous  ridge  called  Carr  Rocks. 

Fife's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Goochland  co.,  Va.,  about  60 
milps  W.N.W.  of  Richmond.     It  has  a  church, 

Fifeshire,  a  county  of  Scotland.    See  Fife. 

Fi'field,  a  post-village  of  Price  co..  Wis.,  13  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Phillips.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  high  school,  and  lumber-mills.  Pop.  in 
1890,  646. 

Fifteen  Mile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa,  about 
20  miles  N.E.  of  Marshalltown. 

Fig,  a  post-office  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C.,  5  miles  S.W.  of 
Jefferson. 

Fig'art,  a  post-office  of  Cambria  co..  Pa. 
J     Figasi-Sima,  fe-gi'see^-seo'mi  (Chinese,  Toong-Tno, 
toong-ti'o),  an  island  of  Japan,  Goto  group,  a  little  N.W. 
of  Kioo-Sioo,  and  belonging  to  the  province  of  Fizen. 

Figeac,  fee^zhik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Lot,  on  a  rail- 
way, and  on  the  Selle,  40  miles  N.E.  of  Cahors.  It  is  situ- 
ated in  a  deep  vallcj',  surrounded  by  rocky  vine-clad 
heights.  It  has  remains  of  fortifications,  numerous  an- 
tique dwellings,  and  public  edifices.  Outside  tho  town  are 
two  remarkable  obelisks.     Pop.  5660. 

Fighig,  Figig,  or  Figuig,  fee^gheeg',  a  town  of 
North  Africa,  ia  Morocco,  country  of  Segelmesa,  S.  of  the 
Atlas,  165  miles  E.S.E.  of  Fez.  A  considerable  trade  is 
done  with  Fez,  Tafilet,  and  Tooat,  and  it  is  a  rendezvous 
for  the  Mecca  and  Timbuctoo  caravans.  The  people  are 
warlike,  and  adepts  in  mining. 

Fighine,  a  village  of  Tuscany.    See  Figline, 

Fight'ing  Island,  an  island  of  Ontario,  in  the  Detroit 
River,  3  miles  below  Sandwich. 

-  Figline,  fe-glee'ni,  or  Fighine,  fe-ghee'ni,  a  town 
'of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  25  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Florence, 
near  the  Arno.     It  has  manufactures  of  silk.     Pop.  9723. 

Fignan,  a  town  of  France.    See  Finhan. 

Figo,  fee'go',  or  Higo,  hee^go'  (Chinese,  Fei-IIeoo,  W- 
he-oo'),  a  province  of  Japan,  island  of  Kioo-Sioo,  about  60 
miles  long.     Chief  town,  Koomamotoo.     Pop.  935,037. 

Figueira,  fe-gi'e-ri,  a  village  and  seaport  of  Portugal, 
In  Algarve,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Cape  St.  Vincent. 

Figueira,  also  called  Figueira  da  Fos  de  Mon- 
dego,  fe-gi'e-ri  di  fos  di  mon-di'go,  a  town  of  Portugal, 
in  Beira,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mondego,  which  forms  its  port, 
24  miles  S.W.  of  Coimbra.  Pop.  4318.  It  has  an  active 
export  trade  in  salt,  oil,  wine,  and  fruits,  and  is  a  favorite 
bathing-place. 

Figueiro-dos-Vinhos,  fe-gi'e-ro-doce-veen'yoce,  a 
town  of  Portugal,  in  Estremadura,  97  miles  N.E.  of  Lisbon. 
Pop.  2410. 


Figueras,  fe-gi'ris,  a  frontier  town  of  Spain,  and  one 
of  the  strongest  fortresses  in  Europe,  21  miles  by  rail  N.N.B. 
of  Gerona,  near  the  French  frontier.  Pop.  10,349.  It  is 
situated  in  a  rich  plain  of  olives  and  rice.  Its  principal 
edifices  are  a  large  citadel,  built  by  Ferdinand  VI.,  vast 
arsenals,  magazines,  and  barracks.  It  was  taken  by  tho 
French  in  1808,  1811,  and  1823. 

Figuig,  a  town  and  district  of  Morocco.    See  Fiohig. 

Figurina,  fe-goo-ree'ni,  an  island  in  the  Arctic  Ocean, 
being  the  most  N.  in  the  New  Siberian  Archipelago.  Lat. 
76°  15'  N.;  Ion.  140°  40'  E. 

Fyi,  islands  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Feejee. 

Filadelfia,  fo-li-dfil'fe-i,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Catanzaro,  13  miles  S.  of  Nicastro.     Pop.  6028. 

Filadelfia,  Pennsylvania.    See  Philadelphia. 

Filehne,  fe-lA,'n?h  (Polish,  Wulen,  ^oo'l?n,  or  Wielen, 
^ee'l^n),  a  town  of  Prussia,  on  an  island  in  the  Netze,  and 
on  a  railway,  province  and  45  miles  N.W.  of  Posen.  Pop. 
4250.     It  has  manufactures  of  cloth  and  lace. 

Fi'ler  City,  a  post-hamlct  of  Manistee  co.,  Mich.,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Manistee  River,  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lud- 
ington.     It  has  steam  lumber-mills  and  an  elevator. 

Fi'Iey,  a  town  and  watering-place  of  England,  co.  of 
York,  East  Riding,  on  a  tongue  of  land  projecting  into  the 
North  Sea,  8  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Scarborough.    Pop.  2481. 

Filibi,  a  Turkish  name  for  Philippopolis. 

Filicarise  Ilhedonnm.    See  Foug^res. 

Filingia,  the  Latin  name  of  Fillinges. 

Filipstad,  a  town  of  Sweden.    See  Philipstad. 

Filiyas,  fil-Jee^yis',  a  river  of  Asia,  with  a  village  of 
the  same  name  at  its  mouth,  falls  into  the  Black  Sea  20 
miles  S.S.AV.  of  Amastra.     Length,  75  miles. 

Fil'kins,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Oxford,  6  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Burford.     Pop.  629. 

Fil'lan,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Perth,  enters  Loch 
Tay  after  an  E.  course  of  10  miles. 

Fille-Fjeld,  firi?h-fe-6ld',  a  mountain-plateau  of  Nor- 
way, connected  with  the  Sogne-Fjeld  on  the  N.  and  the 
Ilardanger-Fjeld  on  the  S.  The  summits  vary  in  height 
from  4900  feet  to  6300  feet.  The  central  summit  of  Sule- 
tind.  in  which  the  Lerdal  takes  its  rise,  is  6043  feet  high. 

Fil'ley,  a  post-village  of  Gage  co..  Neb.,  14  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Beatrice.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  high 
school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  301. 

Fillinges,  feeri&nzh'  (L.  Filin'gia),  a  village  of 
France,  in  Haute-Savoie,  12  miles  E.  of  Geneva.     P.  1931. 

Fill'more,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Minnesota, 
bordering  on  Iowa,  has  an  area  of  864  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Root  or  Hokah  River,  and  is  partly 
drained  by  the  Upper  Iowa  River,  which  touches  its  south- 
ern border.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified 
with  prairies  and  forests  of  good  timber,  which  is  here 
abundant.  The  soil  is  calcareous  and  very  fertile.  Wheat, 
oats,  Indian  corn,  hay,  pork,  and  butter  are  the  staple 
products.  Silurian  limestone  underlies  part  of  this  county, 
which  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  a  branch  of  which  terminates  at  Preston,  the 
capital.  Pop.  in  1870,24,887;  in  1880,28,162;  in  1890, 
25,966. 

Fillmore,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Nebraska. 
Area,  576  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  West  Fork 
of  the  Big  Blue  River  and  by  Turkey  Creek.  The  surface 
is  undul.atingor  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile,  but  is  un- 
cultivated. Timber  is  scarce  in  this  county.  Capital,  Ge- 
neva.    Pop.  in  1870,  238 ;  in  1880,  10,204  ;  in  1890, 1 6,022. 

Fillmore,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  III.,  10 
miles  E.  of  Ramsey.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  manufactures  of  bricks.     Pop.  650. 

Fill  more,  a  post- village  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.,  in  Marion 
township,  on  the  Terre  Haute  <fc  Indianapolis  Railroad,  32 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Indianapolis.     Pop.  217. 

Fillmore,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa,  about 

17  miles  S.W.  of  Dubuque. 

Fillmore,  a  township  of  Iowa  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1043. 
Fillmore,  a  station  in  Ballard  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  New 
Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad,  opposite  Cairo,  111. 
Fillmore,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bossier  parish.  La.,  about 

1 8  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Shreveport.     It  has  a  church  and  an 
academy. 

Fillmore,  a  township  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
1719.     It  contains  Fillmore  Centre. 

Fillmore,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barry  co.,  Mich.,  in  Irving 
township,  10  miles  N.  of  Hastings.  It  has  2  saw-mills  and 
a  grist-mill. 

Fillmore,  a  post-village  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn.,  in  a 
township  of  the  same  name,  on  Root  River,  about  24  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Rochester,  and  2i  miles  N.  of  Wykoff  Station  of 


mn 


1176 


FIN 


|h«  Soathcrn  Minnesota  lUilrood.  It  has  2  oburohea  and 
B  flour-mill.     Pop.  of  the  town.tbip,  1177. 

Fillmore,  a  post-rillaj^e  of  Andrew  co.,  Mo.,  about  22 
nilea  N.  of  St.  Joteph.  It  has  3  ohurcbea,  a  gnideJ  school, 
»  ohiitr-fHotory,  and  a  wagon-factory.     Pop.  271. 

Fillmore,  a  township  of  Bollinger  oo.,  Mo.    Pop.  767. 

Fillmore,  a  post-villiigo  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Tluuie  Townnhip,  on  the  Uencseo  Valley  Canul,  about  50 
miles  S.E.  of  Buffulo.  It  has  a  church,  2  mills,  and  a 
ohccsc-factory.     Pup.  216. 

Fillmore,  a  jiust-villago  of  Washington  co.,0.,  16  miles 
(direct)  t^.W.  uf  Marietta.     It  has  a  general  store. 

Fillmore,  a  post-hnmlet  of  Contro  co.,  Pa.,  6  miles 
S.W.  of  Bcllofonte.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  saw-mill. 

Fillmore,  a  post-village  of  Sequatchie  oo.,  Tcnn.,  5 
jniles  (din-ut)  E.  by  N.  of  Dunlap,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Fillmore,  a  pos\-villagB,  capital  of  Millard  co.,  Utah, 
about  120  miles  (direct)  S.  by  W.  of  Salt  Lake  City.  It 
has  a  court- house,  a  oburch,  a  tannery,  and  2  flouring-inills. 
Pop.  about  1000. 

Fillmore,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Wis.,  in 
Farniington  township,  on  the  Milwaultee  River,  about  34 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Milwaukee.  It  has  a  church  and  manu- 
factures of  cigars  and  wagons. 

Fillmore,  a  station  in  Sweetwater  oo.,  Wyoming,  on 
the  Union  PaciAo  Railroad,  36  miles  W.  of  Fort  Fred  Steele. 
Elevation,  6S85  feet. 

Fillmore  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich,, 
on  the  Michigan  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  17  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Allegan.     It  bos  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Fill'son,  a  station  in  Cass  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  railroad  from 
Logansport  to  Richmond,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Logansport. 

Fil'more,  a  post-village  of  Lane  co.,  Kansas,  12  miles 
(direct)  S.  of  Digiiton. 

Filor,  firor',  or  Falour,  f&Moor',  a  town  of  the  Pun- 
jab, on  the  Sutlej,  78  miles  S.E.  of  Amritsir. 

Fils,  fUs,  a  river  of  Wiirtemberg,  flows  W.,  and  joins 
the  Neckar  6  miles  E.  of  Esslingen.     Length,  30  miles. 

Finale,  fe-ni'li,  a  town  of  North  Italy,  11  miles  by 
rail  N.N.E.  of  Albenga,  on  the  Gulf  of  Genoa.  It  consists 
of  three  adjacent  villages,  Finale-Borgo  or  Finalborgo, 
Finale-Pia  or  Finalpia,  and  Finale-Marino  or  Finalmarina. 
It  has  a  collegiate  church,  ruined  forts,  a  small  harbor,  and 
some  trade  in  fruits.     Pop.  2251. 

Finale,  a  town  of  North  Italy,  near  the  Po,  22  miles 
N.E.  of  Modena.  Pop.  12,984.  It  has  manufactures  of 
silk  and  other  fabrics,  and  an  active  general  trade. 

Fiilana,  feen-yi'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  28  miles  N.W. 
of  Almeria,  at  the  foot  of  Monte  Almirez.     Pop.  3440. 

Fin'castle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Franklin  township,  about  12  miles  N.  of  Grccncastle.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Fincastle,  a  post-village  of  Brown  co.,  0.,  about  46 
miles  E.  of  Cincinnati,  and  2  miles  from  South  Fincastle 
Railroad  Station.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  140. 

Fincastle,  a  post-village  of  Campbell  co.,  Tenn.,  about 
36  miles  N.  of  Knoxville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school, 
and  16  residences. 

Fincastle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henderson  co.,  Tex.,  about 
22  miles  N.  of  Palestine.     It  has  a  church  and  a  seminary. 

Fincastle,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Botetourt  co.,  Va., 
is  situated  in  a  fertile  valley,  which  is  bounded  on  the  S.E. 
by  the  Blue  Ridge,  about  48  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Lynchburg. 
It  contains  a  court-house,  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
a  high  school,  a  bank,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  woollen-factory. 
Pop.  about  800. 

Finch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co..  Ark.,  20  miles  S.E. 
of  Dc  la  Plaine  Station,     It  has  a  church, 

Finch'er,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  Ga. 

Finch'ford,  a  post-village  of  Black  Hawk  oo.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Shell  Rock  River,  and  on  the  Burlington,  Cedar 
Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Cedar  Falls. 
It  has  2  general  stores  and  a  ,grist-mill. 

Finch'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Ky.,  6  miles 
B.W.  of  Shelbyville. 

Fin'derne,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Raritan  River,  and  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey, 
33  miles  from  New  York  City,  and  2  miles  E.  of  Somerville. 

Findhorn,  find-horn',  a  river  of  Scotland,  after  a 
N.E.  course  of  45  miles,  enters  Moray  Firth. 

Findhorn,  a  seaport  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Moray,  on  the 
Findhorn,  at  its  mouth,  4  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Forres.  Pop. 
701.  The  site  of  the  village  has  been  changed  on  account 
of  the  encroachments  of  sand  from  the  sea. 

Find'lay,  a  city  and  railroad  centre,  capital  of  Han- 
cock CO.,  0.,  is  on  Blancbard's  Fork  of  the  Auglaize  River, 
,45  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Toledo,  37  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of 


Fremont,  and  31  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lima.  Findlay  contains 
22  churches,  graded  schools,  a  college,  3  untional  banks, 
a  private  bank,  l.t  glass-factories  with  an  output  of 
$3,000,000  and  employing  over  2000  people,  a  8L-auile,«. 
tube-works,  engine-works,  wire-nail-works,  tuble-wurks, 
4  flour-mills,  tile-works,  3  French-brick-workM,  a  mask- 
factory,  furniture- works,  machine-shops,  brass-works, 
steam-boiler-works,  potteries,  and  3  daily  and  6  weekly 
newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1880,  4033;  in  1890,  18,553. 

Find'ley,  atownship  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1711. 
It  includes  Clinton,  and  lias  a  bed  of  good  bituminous  coaL 

Findley,  a  township  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1393,  ex- 
elusive  of  the  borough  of  Mercer. 

Findley'8  Lake,  a  post  village  of  Chautauqua  co., 
N.Y.,  about  26  miles  W.  of  Jamestown.  Here  is  a  lake 
of  the  same  name.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  an  academy, 
a  newspaper  oflioe,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  450. 

Findbe,  fin'do'^h,  an  island  off  the  S.W.  coast  of  Nor- 
way,1 5  miles  N.E.  of  Stavanger,  in  the  Bukke-Fiord.  P.  1150. 

Findon,  a  village  of  Scotland.    See  Fi.nxax. 

Fine,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co, 
N.Y.,  about  23  miles  S.  of  Canton.  It  has  a  tannery  and 
lumber-mills.  The  township  contains  Andersonvillc  and  a 
pop.  of  760. 

Fine  Creek  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Powhatan  co.,  Va. 

Fine,  Loch,  a  lake  of  Scotland.    See  Loch  Fvxe. 

Fincrivc,  a  town  of  Madagascar.     See  Fenekif. 

Fine's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Haywood  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  of  Fine's  Creek  township,  1048. 

Fines  Remorum,  the  ancient  name  of  Fismes. 

Finestrat,  fe-nds-tr4t',  a  town  of  Spain,  23  miles  N.E. 
of  Alicante,  near  the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  2531. 

Finesvillc,  finz'vll,  a  hamlet  of  Warren  oo.,  N.J.,  in 
Greenwich  township,  1  mile  from  Riegelsville  Station.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  manufactory  of  moulding-knives,  &c. 

Fingal,  fing'gawl',  a  district  of  Ireland,  in  Lcinstcr, 
CO.  of  Dublin,  N.  of  the  Liff'ey.  The  inhabitants  were  origi- 
nally Finnish  or  Norwegian  settlors  (whence  the  name), 
and  they  still  retain  a  dialect  and  other  marks  of  foreign 
origin.     Fingalgives  the  title  of  carl  to  the  Plunkett  family. 

Fingal,  a  post-village  in  Elgin  co.,  Ontario,  7  mil?8 
S.W.  of  St.  Thomas.  It  has  saw-,  grist-,  and  carding-mills, 
an  iron-foundry,  and  several  factories  and  stores.   Pop.  500. 

Fingerville,  flng'g^r-vll,  a  post-village  of  Spartanburg 
00.,  S.C.,  on  the  North  Pacolet  River,  14  miles  N.  of  Spar- 
tanburg. It  has  a  church,  a  high  school,  a  cotton-mill,  and 
a  flouring-  mill. 

Fin'goland,  a  region  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Cape  Colony, 
in  the  Trans-Key  Territory,  between  the  rivers  Key  and 
Bashee.  Area,  1050  square  miles.  It  is  mainly  inhabited 
by  Fingoes,  or  Amafingu,  a  native  people  formerly  the  nb- 
joct  slaves  of  other  Caffre  tribes,  but  freed  by  the  British 
troops.     Pop.  43,971. 

Finhan,  feen'5N-"',  or  Fignan,  fecn^yftN"',  a  town  of 
France,  department  of  Tarn-et-Garonne,  10  miles  S.W.  of 
Montauban.     Pop.  1714. 

Finist^re,  finMs-taia',  originally  Finisterre  (L. 
Fi'nis  Ter'rce,  i.e.,  "  land's  end"),  a  department  of  Franco, 
forming  its  N.W.  angle,  and  part  of  the  old  province  of 
Bretagne,  bounded  N.  by  the  English  Channel,  S.  and 
W.  by  the  Atlantic,  in  which  it  comprises  numerous  small 
islands.  Area,  2690  square  miles.  Coasts  steep,  much  in- 
dented on  the  W.,  presenting  numerous  promontories  and 
excellent  harbors.  Surface  little  elevated ;  traversed  by  the 
low  mountains  of  Arrfie  and  Noires ;  highest  point,  984  feet. 
It  is  formed  by  the  basins  of  numerous  rivers,  the  chief 
of  which  are  tho  Landerneau,  Aulne,  Odet,  and  EU6,  all 
navigable  near  their  mouths.  Horses  and  cattle  are  exten- 
sively reared.  The  minerals  comprise  coal,  lead,  granite, 
and  slate.  The  department  is  divided  into  the  5  arron- 
dissemcnts  of  Brest,  Ch^tcaulin,  Landerneau,  Quimper,  and 
Quimperl6.     Capital,  Quimper.     Pop.  681,564. 

Finistere,  Cape,  France.    See  Cape  Finist^ke. 

Finisterre,  Cape,  Spain.    See  Cape  Fimsterrr. 

Finkenw^rder,  fink'^n-^iu'd^r,  an  island  in  the  Elbe, 
belonging  partly  to  Hamburg  and  partly  to  Prussia,  in  Han- 
over. It  is  protected  by  a  surrounding  wall  20  feet  high. 
Pop.  2113. 

Finks'bnrg,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Western  Maryland  Railroad,  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Baltimore 
It  has  2  churches. 

Fink's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Lewis  co.,  W.  Va. 

Finla'gan,  a  lake  of  Scotland,  in  the  island  of  Islay, 
and  with  an  island  containing  ruins  of  a  castle  of  the  Lord 
of  the  Isles. 

Finland  [Yr.  Finland*,  f4:(MANd';  Finnish,  Suomena, 
goo-o-md'nij  L.  Fin'nia,  Fino'nia,  Finlan'dia),  a  country 


FIN 


ilT7 


FIO 


of  Europe,  forming  a  part  of  the  empire  of  Russia,  whose 
sovereign  is  Grand  Duke  of  Finland.  It  is  bounded  N.  by 
Norway,  W.  by  Sweden  and  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia,  S.  by  the 
Gulf  of  Finland ;  length,  from  N.  to  S.,  650  miles ;  breadth, 
near  the  centre,  only  112  miles,  but  towards  the  S.,  where  it 
is  greatest,  370  miles;  area,  144,222  square  miles.  It  in- 
cludes a  large  part  of  Russian  Lapland.  The  coast  gener- 
ally presents  a  face  of  bold  and  precipitous  granite  cliffs, 
and  is  lined  by  numberless  small  islands  and  rocks,  which 
make  the  navigation  extremely  dangerous.  The  interior 
is  a  vast  table-land,  with  an  average  height  of  froin  400  to 
600  feet  above  the  sea.  It  is  not,  however,  by  any  means  a 
monotonous  flat.  The  surface  is  much  broken  by  hills  and 
valleys,  and  occasionally  rises  into  mountains,  of  which  a 
chain  at  Maanselke,  nearly  4000  feet  high,  is  continued  S., 
though  with  several  interruptions,  and  terminates  in  lofty 
cliffs  in  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia.  Many  of  the  heights  are 
bare,  but  the  greater  part  of  those  of  moderate  elevation  are 
covered  with  forests,  chiefly  of  pine  and  fir,  and,  in  combi- 
nation with  the  vast  number  of  lakes  enclosed  by  their  bases, 
often  form  very  romantic  scenery.  These  sheets  of  water, 
both  by  their  number  and  individual  extent,  furnish  one  of 
the  most  characteristic  features  of  the  country.  The  most 
important  are  Lake  Ladoga,  the  greater  part  of  which  be- 
longs to  the  grand  duchy,  Saima,  Pianajarvi  (Piajanejarwi), 
all  in  the  S.,  where  the  greater  part  of  the  surface  is  occu- 
pied by  water ;  the  Ulci,  near  the  centre,  and  the  Enara, 
in  the  extreme  N.  The  lakes  of  Finland  form  the  chief 
basins  for  receiving  the  far  greater  part  of  the  streams. 
Their  waters  are  afterwards  discharged  into  the  sea  by 
rivers  generally  of  no  great  length,  but  very  wide  and  deep. 
The  climate  varies  much,  according  to  locality.  In  Lap- 
land, in  the  N.,  it  is  polar,  but  somewhat  modified.  Farther 
S.  the  winter  begins  in  the  middle  of  October  and  continues 
to  the  middle  of  May ;  but  even  during  the  coldest  season 
thaws  of  several  days'  duration  are  not  unfrequent.  Spring 
appears  suddenly,  and  continues  for  about  a  month,  leaving 
only  about  four  months  for  summer  and  harvest.  The  sum- 
mer months  are  hot  and  drj'.  The  soil  is  very  fertile ;  con- 
siderable quantities  of  barley  and  rye  are  exported,  and 
Finland,  when  in  possession  of  Sweden,  was  regarded  a-s  its 
most  important  granary.  A  great  part  of  the  land,  owing 
to  the  nature  of  the  surface  and  climate,  however,  is  fit  only 
for  pasture.  In  the  N.,  where  vegetation  is  almost  confined 
to  the  growth  of  moss  and  lichen,  other  domestic  animals 
are  superseded  by  the  reindeer,  of  which  great  herds  are 
kept.  The  forests  are  very  extensive,  and  furnish  one  of 
the  chief  sources  of  public  revenue.  In  addition  to  timber, 
chiefly  fir,  large  quantities  of  potash,  pitch,  and  resin  are 
obtained  from  them,  and  form  important  articles  of  ex- 
port. The  minerals  are  chiefly  confined  to  iron,  lead,  sul- 
phur, nitre,  slate,  and  granite ;  a  groat  number  of  excellent 
quarries  of  granite  have  been  opened,  chiefly  on  the  borders 
of  the  lakes  or  sea-coasts,  and  from  them  blocks  of  extraor- 
dinary magnitude  and  beauty  are  obtained.  Several  lines 
of  railway  are  in  operation.  The  inhabitants  of  the  W. 
coast  are  of  Swedish  and  those  of  the  S.E.  of  Russian  ori- 
gin ;  but  the  far  larger  portion,  amounting  to  nearly  five- 
lixths  of  the  whole,  are  Finns,  with  a  slight  mixture  of 
Laplanders  and  Karelians.  Up  to  the  twelfth  century  the 
Finns  lived  under  their  own  sovereigns,  and  were  pagans. 
Their  conversion  to  Christianity  took  place  about  the  middle 
of  that  century,  after  their  conquest  by  the  Swedes.  They 
are  almost  all  Lutherans.  In  1721  the  part  of  Finland 
which  forms  the  province  of  Wiborg  was  secured  to  Peter 
the  Great  by  the  treaty  of  Nystad.  The  remainder  was 
conquered  from  the  Swedes  in  1809,  and  now  forms  a  division 
of  the  Russian  empire,  but  preserves  its  ancient  constitu- 
tion intact.  The  government  is  on  the  whole  exceedingly 
liberal,  the  Russian  authorities  favoring  the  Finnish  or  pop- 
ular party  rather  than  the  Swedish  or  aristocratic  element. 
The  Finns  are  of  the  Ugrian  or  Altai-Uralian  stock.  Their 
language  and  literature,  as  well  as  the  Swedish,  are  taught 
in  the  public  schools.  A  governor-general,  representing  the 
emperor,  resides  in  Helsingfors,  the  capital.  Administra- 
tively, Finland  is  subdivided  into  8  Isens  or  provinces.    Pop. 

in  1883,  2,111,240. Adj.  Finn'ish,  Fin'landish,  Finnic, 

and  Fino'nian;  inhab.  Fin.v  or  Finlander.  The  Gulf  of 
Finland  is  one  of  the  large  arms  of  the  Baltic  Sea  (which 
«ee). 

Fin'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chambers  co.,  Ala.,  12  miles 
direct  N.  by  E.  of  Lafayette. 

Finley,  a  township  of  Scott  co.,  Tnd.     Pop.  1226. 

Finley,  a  township  of  Christian  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  2670. 

Finley,  a  township  of  Douglas  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1278. 

Finley,  a  township  of  McDowell  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  843. 

Finley  Creek,  Missouri,  rises  in  Webster  co.,  runs 
75 


southwestward  through  Christian  co.,  and  enters  the  James 
Fork  of  White  River  about  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Springfield. 

Finley  Station,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Bridgeton. 

Fin'leyville,  a  small  post-village  of  Washington  co., 
Pa.,  in  Union  township,  on  the  Pittsburg  &  Castle  Shannon 
Railroad,  17  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Fin'mark  (Dan.  and  Sw.  Finmarken,  fin'mau^k^n ; 
Norw.  Finmarkens,  fin'mank^^ns),  an  extensive  province 
or  amt  of  Norway,  forming  the  northernmost  portion  of 
Continental  Europe,  situated  between  the  Arctic  Ocean  and 
Russian  Lapland,  and  bounded  S.W.  by  the  province  of 
Nordland.  Area,  18,306  square  miles.  It  includes  Nor- 
wegian Lapland,  and  comprises  numerous  islands,  on  the 
northernmost  of  which  is  North  Cape.  Important  fisheries 
are  established  here,  and  give  employment  to  the  gre.ater 
part  of  the  population.  Many  reindeer  are  bred  in  Fin-^ 
mark.     Chief  town,  Hammerfcst.     Pop.  24,071. 

Finn,  a  lake  and  river  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Donegal.  The 
lake  is  2  miles  in  length.  The  river  proceeds  from  it,  and, 
after  an  E.  course  of  24  miles,  joins  the  Foyle  near  Lifford. 

Fin'nan,  a  river  of  Scotland,  flows  through  the  valley 
of  Glenfinnan  into  the  E.  extremity  of  Loch  Shiel. 

Fin'nan,  or  Fin'don,  a  village  of  Scotland,  on  the 
sea,  CO.  and  6  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Aberdeen.  It  is  famous 
for  its  smoked  haddocks. 

Fin'neywood,  a  post-office  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  Va. 

Finnia,  Finonia,  Finlandia.    See  Finland. 

Finn's  Point,  of  Salem  co.,  N.J.,  is  on  the  Delaware 
River,  4  miles  above  the  mouth  of  Salem  Creek.  Here  is 
a  United  States  fortification ;  also  a  cemetery  where  the 
bodies  of  Confederate  prisoners  from  Fort  Delaware  wera 
buried,  1861-65. 

Fino,  fee'no,  or  Porto  Fino,  pon'to  feo'no,  a  prom- 
ontory and  town  of  Italy,  on  the  shore  of  the  gulf  and  17 
miles  S.E.  of  Genoa.     Pop.  1182. 

Fino,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  6  miles  S.  of  Como. 
Pop.  1747. 

Finow,  fee'nov,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg, 
31  miles  N.E.  of  Berlin,  on  the  Finow  Canal,  which  connects 
the  rivers  Havel  and  Oder.     Pop.  713. 

Fins'bury,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Middlesex, 
comprising  the  N.  part  of  the  metropolis,  between  the 
borough  of  Marylebone  on  the  AV.  and  the  Tower  Hamlets 
on  the  E.,  and  on  the  S.  bordering  on  the  city  of  London 
and  liberty  of  Westminster.  It  comprises  the  parishes  of 
Islington,  Clerkenwell,  St.  Luke,  Ac,  and  derives  its  name 
from  Finsbury  Square.  It  contains  St.  Luke's  Hospital,  the 
Charter-House,  Smitfafield,  St.  Bartholomew's,  and  the 
Foundling  Hospitals,  Gray's  Inn,  the  British  Museum, 
Clerkenwell  Sessions-IIouso  and  Prison,  Ac.  It  sends  two 
members  to  Parliament.  The  mayor  of  London  is  Lord  of 
Finsbury.     Pop.  in  1881,  504,235;  in  1891,  532,888. 

Finster>Aarhorn,  fin'st^r-&R'honn,  a  mountain  of 
Switzerland,  14,026  feet  high,  is  the  highest  point  of  the 
Bernese  Alps,  between  the  cantons  of  Bern  and  Valais. 

Finstermiinz,  fin'st§r-miints\  a  narrow  pass  in  the 
Tyrolese  Alps,  on  the  Inn,  18  miles  N.  of  Glurns. 

Finsterwalde,  fin'st§r-^4rd?h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  ia 
Brandenburg,  40  miles  N.  of  Dresden,  and  5  miles  by  rail 
E.  of  Dobrilugk.     Pop.  7371. 

Finsterxvolde,  fin'st§r--*ord?h,  a  village  of  the  Ncth 
erlands,  23  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Groningen.     Pop.  2361. 

Finstingen,  fin'sting-?n  (Fr.  FeuStrange,  f?h'ni*- 
trftNzh'),  a  town  of  Lorraine,  8  miles  N.  of  Saarburg. 

Finto'na,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Tyrone,  6  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Omagh.     Pop.  1338. 

Fin'try,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  15  miles  S.W. 
of  Stirling.  Near  here  is  the  beautiful  cascade  called  the 
"  Loup  of  Fintry." 

Fiogo,  a  town  of  Japan.    See  Hiogo. 

Fionda,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Tekrova. 

Fionie,  or  Fionia.    See  Funen. 

Fiora,  fe-o'ri,  a  river  of  Italy,  rises  near  Mount 
Amiata,  and  enters  the  Mediterranean  20  miles  N.W.  of 
Civita  Vecchia.     Length,  40  miles. 

Fiorano,  fe-o-ril'no  (L.  Fforia'pHtn),  a  village  of  Italy, 
2  miles  W.  of  Ivrea,  on  the  Dora  Baltea.     Pop.  1085 

Fiord.     See  Fjord. 

Fiorenza,  a  city  of  Italy.     See  Florencb. 

Fiorenzuola,  fe'o-rfin-zoo-o'14  (anc.  Floren'tia),  a 
town  of  Northern  Italy,  province  of  Piacenza,  on  the 
.aimilian  Way,  18  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Parma.  It  has 
a  collegiate  church  and  many  remains  of  antiquity.  Car- 
dinal Alberoni  was  born  here  in  1664.  Eight  miles  S.  are 
the  ruins  of  the  ancient  Veleia,  buried  by  a  fall  of  sand  in 
the  fourth  century,  and  rediscovered  in  1761.     Pop.  6730. 


'wb 


1178 


FIS 


Fiorenznola.  a  rniiigo  of  Central  Italy,  6)  miles 
K.W.  of  Pesaro.    Pop.  1426. 

i'iraB«  fM^rin',  a  small  island  in  the  Red  Sea,  about  13 
miles  from  the  coast  of  Arabia,  lat.  17°  13'  N.,  Ion.  41"  30' 
E.,  celebrated  for  its  pcarl-flsliory, 

Firnndo,  fe-rin'do,  or  Firato,  fe-rft'to,  called  also 
IliradOf  an  island  of  Japan,  off  tiie  N.W.  coast  of  Kioo- 
Bloo,  S5  miles  N.N.W.  of  Nagasaki.  Lat.  S3°  30'  N. ;  Ion. 
12J><»  SO'  E.    On  its  E.  side  is  the  town  of  Firando. 

Firao,  fe-rA'o,  a  town  of  Jnpnn,  on  tiio  island  of 
Hondo,  province  of  Yamato,  45  miles  S.S.E.  of  Kioto. 

Firato,  an  island  of  Japan.    See  FinANDo, 

Fir  Capt  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Sierra  co., 
Cal.,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Downieville.  It  has  a  gold-mino 
and  2  saw-mills. 

Fire'bnugh,  a  post-office  and  shipping-point  of  Fresno 
CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  San  Joaquin  River. 

Fire  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
New  River,  and  on  the  Chesapeake  k  Ohio  Railroad,  60  miles 
6.E.  of  Charleston.  It  has  a  coal-mine  and  colio-works. 
Pop.  about  200. 

Fire  Island,  a  post-office  and  watering-place  of  Suf- 
folk CO.,  N.Y.,  on  a  small  island  of  the  same  name,  in  Great 
South  Bay,  about  5  miles  S.E.  of  Bay  Shore  Railroad  Sta- 
tion. It  is  a  fashionable  summer  resort,  and  has  several 
hotels,  one  of  which,  the  Surf  Hotel,  can  accommodate  450 
guests.  Near  it,  on  Fire  Island  Beach,  is  a  light-house, 
with  a  revolving  light,  raised  166  feet  above  the  sea,  lat. 
40°  37'  54"  N.,  Ion.  73°  12'  48"  W.  Fire  Island  is  reached 
by  steam-ferry  from  Babylon. 

Firenze,  a  city  of  Italy.    See  Florence. 

Fire  Place,  a  former  name  of  Brookhaven,  N.T. 

Fire  Prairie,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Mo. 

Fire'side,  a  post-hamlet  of  Seneca  co.,  0.,  14  miles 
(direct)  E.N.E.  of  Tiffin. 

Fire'steel,  a  township  of  Aurora  co.,  S.D.     Pop.  260. 

Firestone,  fir'ston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ala., 
6  miles  N.  of  Round  Mountain. 

Firminy,  feen^mce^nee',  a  village  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Loire,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Saint-Etienne,  and  sharing 
with  that  town  in  manufactures  of  silks,  glass,  and  hard- 
wares, coal-mines,  <fec.     Pop.  10,010. 

Firmum,  the  ancient  name  of  Fermo. 

Firozabad,  a  town  of  India.    See  Ferozabad. 

Firozabad,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Ferozabad. 

Firozgur,  fee'roz-gur',  a  town  of  India,  102  miles  S.W. 
of  Hyderabad,  on  the  Bcemah. 

Firozpur,  a  district  of  India.     See  Ferozepoob. 

First  Broad,  a  post-office  of  Rutherford  co.,  N.C. 

First  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Cameron  co.,  Pa. 

First  Island,  or  Murder  Island,  a  small  island  in 
the  Mozambique  Channel,  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Madagas- 
car, about  3  miles  distant.     Lat.  22°  5'  S. ;  Ion.  43°  7'  E. 

First  Lake,  Wis.  See  Four  Lakes  and  Kegonsa  Lake. 

First  View,  a  station  in  Bent  co.,  Col.,  on  the  Kansas 
Pacific  Railroad,  14  miles  E.  of  Kit  Carson. 

Firth,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co..  Neb.,  on  Great 
Nemaha  River,  22  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Pop.  in  1890,  259. 

Firth  of  Forth,  Scotland.     After  the  river  Forth  is 

joined  by  the  Devon  on  the  N.,  it  begins  to  widen,  and 

gradually  assumes  the  appearance  of  a  bay.     This  bay, 

.  called  the  Firth  of  Forth,  is  about  50  miles  long,  and  where 

widest  is  nearly  15  miles  broad. 

Fischa,  fish'fl,,  a  river  of  Lower  Austria,  in  the  Schnee- 
berg,  flows  N.E.,  receiving  the  Picsting  and  the  lliesenba<;h, 
and  joins  the  Danube  at  Fischa,  after  a  course  of  55  miles. 

Fischa,  fish'i,  Fischamend,  or  Fischament, 
fi8h'il-m6nt\  a  town  of  Lower  Austria,  on  the  Fischa  River, 
12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Vienna,     Pop.  1401. 

Fischbach,  fish'biK,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  27 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  1430. 

Fischenthal,  fish'^n-tiir,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
•anton  and  18  miles  E.S.E.  of  Zurich.     Pop.  2229. 

Fisch'er's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Comal  co.,  Tex. 

Fischhausen,  fish'howV,?n,  a  seaport  town  of  Prussia, 
at  the  N.  extremity  of  the  Frische-Haff,  20  miles  by  rail 
W.  of  Kiinigsbcrg.     Pop.  2464. 

Fisciano,  fee-shi'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and 
,  1  miles  N.N.E.  of  Salerno,  with  2  parish  churches  and  2 
convents.     Pop.  8007. 

Fisen,  a  province  of  Japan.    See  Fizen. 

Fish'back,   a   station  in  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
j-People's  Railroad,  between  Mt.  Carbon  and  Minersville. 
,i-    Fish  Creek   drains   part  of  Steuben  co.,   Ind.,  runs 
jB^  and  enters  the  St.  Joseph  River  in  Williams  co.,  0. 


Fish  Creek,  Michigan,  rises  in  Montcalm  co.,  runs 
eastward  and  southward,  and  enters  Mnpio  River  on  the 
boundary  between  Clinton  and  Ionia  cos. 

Fish  Creek,  Now  York,  rises  in  Lewis  co.,  runs  south- 
wanl  and  southwestward  through  Oneida  co.,  and  entera 
Oneida  Lake  about  14  miles  W,  of  Rome. 

Fish  Creek,  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  is  the  outlet  of  Sara 
toga  Lake.  It  runs  northeastward,  and  enters  the  Hudson 
River  at  Schuylerville. 

Fis\f  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Montina, 
82  miles  (direct)  N.  by  W.  of  Virginia  City. 

Fish  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Fish  Creek,  50  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Oswego. 

Fish  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Door  co..  Wis.,  on  Green 
Bay,  20  miles  E.  of  Menominee,  Mich.  It  has  a  lumber- 
mill,  and  exports  lumber  and  wood. 

Fish  Dam,  a  post-offieo  of  Durham  co.,  N.C. 

Fish  Dam,  Union  co.,  S.C.    See  Carlisle. 

Fish'er,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  of  Texas,  traversed  by 
the  Brazos  River  and  Elm  Creek  and  Sweetwater  Creek,  its 
confluents.  Area,  900  square  miles.  The  Texas  A  Pncifio 
Railroad  touches  the  county  in  the  extreme  S.  Capital, 
Roby.     Pop.  in  1880,  136;  in  1890,  2996. 

Fisher,  a  post-villnge  of  Champaign  co..  111.,  10  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Rantoul.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  high 
school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  tile-works.     Pop.  450. 

Fisher,  a  post- village  of  Polk  co.,  Minn.  11  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Crookston.  It  hiis  10  churches,  a  bnnk,  a  high 
school,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  481. 

Fisher,  a  post-office  of  Clarion  co.,  Pa. 

Fish'erman's  Bay,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sonoma  co.,Cal., 
on  the  Pacific  Ocean,  about  30  miles  W.  of  Cloverdale.  It 
has  a  lumber-mill. 

Fish'erman's  Rock,  or  Pi'lot  Island,  a  small 
island  at  the  entrance  to  the  Red  Sea,  near  Perim. 

Fish'er's,  a  village  in  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Detroit, 
Lansing  <fc  Lake  Michigan  Railroad,  15  miles  W.  by  N.  of 
Detroit.  It  has  a  cheese-factory  and  a  saw-mill.  Here  is 
Beech  Post-Office.     Pop.  200. 

Fisher's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Victor 
township,  on  the  Rochester  &  Auburn  division  of  the  New 
York  Central  Railroad,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Rochester. 

Fisher's,  a  station  on  the  Germantown  Railroad,  6 
miles  N.  of  the  initial  station  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Fish'ersburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Ind.,  10 
or  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Anderson.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
graded  school.     Pop.  96. 

Fisher's  Ferry,  a  post-village  of  Northumberland 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Lower  Augusta  township,  on  the  Susquehanna 
River,  and  on  tho  Northern  Central  llailroad,  46  miles  N. 
of  Harrisburg. 

Fisher's  Grant,  a  village  in  Pictou  co..  Nova  Scotia, 
on  Pictou  harbor,  and  on  the  Pictou  Branch  Railway,  2 
miles  S.E.  of  Pictou.  A  steam  ferry  plies  between  here 
and  Pictou.     Pop.  300. 

Fisher's  llill,  a  post-village  of  Shenandoah  co.,  Va., 
8  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Woodstock.     It  has  2  distilleries. 

Fisher's  Island,  in  Long  Island  Sound,  is  a  part  of 
the  town  of  Southold,  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.  It  is  nearly  8  miles 
long,  and  averages  1  mile  in  breadth.  Area,  4000  acres. 
It  is  uneven  and  hilly,  has  ledges  of  stone  and  beds  of 
brick-clay,  and  is  separated  from  the  shore  of  Cooneciicut 
by  a  narrow  strait  called  Fisher's  Island  Sound.  The  name 
of  its  post-office  is  Fisher's  Island. 

Fisner's  Landing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  St.  Lawrence  River,  opposite  Thousand  Island 
Park,  and  5  miles  N.  of  La  Fargeville. 

Fisher's  Mills,  a  small  village  in  AVaterloo  co.,  On- 
tario, 1  mile  from  Hespcler.  It  contains  an  iron-foundry 
and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  100. 

Fisher  Sound,  a  channel  of  British  Columbia,  sepa- 
rates Denny  and  King  Islands,  and  forms  the  N.  continua- 
tion of  Fitzhugh  Sound.  Lat.  52°  N.;  Ion.  130°  W.  It 
was  discovered  by  Vancouver  in  1793. 

Fisher's  Peak,  in  Las  Animas  co.,  Colorado,  about 
10  miles  S.  of  Trinidad,  is  the  highest  summit  of  the  Baton 
Mountains.  It  is  formed  of  basaltic  or  volcanic  rocks.  Its 
altitude  is  computed  to  be  9460  feet. 

Fisher's  Point,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  W.  Va. 

Fisher's  River,  of  North  Carolina,  a  small  stream 
which  flows  through  Surry  co.  into  the  Yadkin. 

Fisher's  Switch,  a  post-hamletof  Hamilton  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Indianapolis,  Peru  A  Chicago  Railroad,  15  miles  N. 
of  Indi.anapolis. 

Fisher  Station,  a  post-office  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Grand  Rapids  A  Indiana  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Grand 
Rapids. 


FIS 


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Fish'ersville,  a  post-village  of  Merrimack  co.,  N.H., 
partly  in  the  city  of  Concord,  and  partly  in  Boscawen,  is  on 
the  Contoocook  River,  at  its  entrance  into  the  Merrimac, 
and  on  the  Northern  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  the  initial 
station  at  Concord.  It  contains  an  academy,  5  churches,  a 
savings-bank,  2  cotton-mills,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  machine- 
shop,  and  has  manufactures  of  cotton,  furniture,  sash,  blinds, 
Ac.     Pop.  about  3000.    Post-oflSce,  Penacook. 

Fishersville,  a  post-village  of  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Staunton. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  staves  and  heading. 

Fish'ertown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  co..  Pa.,  4 
miles  from  Cessna  Railroad  Station.  It  has  3  churches,  2 
wagon-shops,  and  20  dwellings. 

Fish'erville,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ky.,  2 
miles  from  Long  Run  Station,  and  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Louis- 
ville. It  has  an  academy,  a  church,  and  a  flour-mill, 
i  Fisherville,  a  post-village  of  Dauphin  co..  Pa.,  in 
Jackson  township,  3i  miles  from  Halifax,  and  about  20  miles 
N.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a  coach-factory,  a 
hotel,  &c.     Pop.  150. 

Fish'guard,  or  Ab'ergwain',  a  seaport  town  of 
Wales,  CO.  of  Pembroke,  14  miles  N.  of  Haverford-West. 
The  town,  on  a  cliff  at  the  mouth  of  the  Gwain,  has  very 
steep  streets,  irregularly  built,  a  valuable  fishery,  and  ex- 
ports of  oats,  butter,  and  slates.  The  port,  with  a  pier,  a 
.  breakwater,  an  outer  and  inner  basin,  and  a  light-house,  is 
one  of  the  best  harbors  in  St.  George's  Channel.     Pop.  1581. 

Fish-Haul,  Virginia.     See  Lester  Manor. 
i,,  Fish  Ha'ven,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bear  Lake  co.,  Idaho, 
on  a  lake,  70  miles  N.  of  Evanston,  Wyoming. 

Fish  Hook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  oc.  111,,  about  32 
miles  j;.S.E.  of  Quincy. 

Fish  House,  a  station  on  the  Camden  &  Amboy  Rail- 
road, on  the  Delaware,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Camden,  N.J. 

Fish-IIouse,  New  York.    See  Northampton. 

Fish'ing  Bay,  a  post-hamlet  of  Middlesex  co.,  Va.,  on 
an  inlet  of  Chesapeake  Bay.  It  has  a  manufactory  of  fish 
oil  and  a  wharf  for  steamboats. 

Fishing  Creek,  of  Georgia,  enters  the  Savannah  in 
.Lincoln  co. 

Fishing  Creek,  Indiana,  flows  into  the  East  Fork  of 
White  River  at  Lawrenceport. 

Fishing  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  drains  the  north  part 
of  Columbia  co.,  runs  nearly  southward,  and  enters  the 
North  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  about  1  mile  below 
Bloomsburg,  which  is  on  this  creek. 

Fishing  Creek,  South  Carolina,  rises  in  York  co.,  and 
flows  S.E.  through  Chester  co.  into  the  Catawba  River. 

Fishing  Creek,  West  Virginia,  runs  N.W.  through 
Wetzel  CO.,  and  enters  the  Ohio  River  at  Now  Martinsville. 

Fishing  Creek,  a  post-oBice  of  Dorchester  co.,  Md. 

Fishing  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cape  May  co.,  N.J., 
on  Delaware  Bay,  about  30  miles  S.  of  Millville.  It  has  a 
church  and  several  cranberry-bogs. 

Fishing  Creek,  township,  Granville  co.,  N.C.   P.  2413. 

Fishing  Creek,  township,  Warren  co.,  N.C.    P.  1598. 

Fishing  Creek,  township,  Wilkes  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  542. 

Fishing  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Columbia  co..  Pa., 
about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Danville,  is  drained  by  a  creek  of 
the  same  name.  Pop.  1372.  Fishing  Creek  Post-OlRce  is  at 
Jonestown,  a  hamlet,  which  has  a  grist-mill  and  20  houses. 

Fishing  Creek,  a  station  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Columbia  &  Port  Deposit  Railroad,  23  miles  S.E.  of 
Columbia. 

Fishing  Point,  a  post-ofBce  of  St.  Mary's  co.,  Md. 

Fishing  River,  Missouri,  drains  parts  of  Clay  co., 
runs  S.E.,  and  enters  the  Missouri  River  in  Ray  co. 

Fishing  River,  North  Carolina,  rises  in  AVarren  co., 
forms  the  S.  boundary  of  Halifax  co.,  runs  eastward  and 
southward,  and  enters  the  Tar  River  in  Edgecombe  co.  It 
is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Fishing  River,  a  township  of  Clay  co.,  Mo.  Pop. 
2798.     It  contains  the  village  of  Missouri  City. 

Fishing  River,  a  township  of  Ray  co..  Mo.  Pop. 
1653.     It  contains  Elkhorn. 

Fish'kill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Labette  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Neosho   township,  on   the  Memphis,   Kansas   &   Colorado 
•  Railroad. 

Fishkill,  a  post-village  in  Fishkill  township,  Dutchess 
-  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  a  creek  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the  Dutchess 
4  Columbia  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Newburg,  5  miles  E. 
of  the  Hudson  River,  and  62  miles  N.  of  New  York.  It 
contains  4  churches,  a  national  bank,  an  academy  or  union 
school,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  745.  The  township 
:  contains  larger  villages,  named  Fishkill  Landing  and  Mat- 
teawan.    Total  pop,  1 1,840. 


Fishkill  Creek,  New  York,  runs  sonthwestward  in 
Dutchess  CO.,  and  enters  the  Hudson  River  1  or  2  milos 
below  Newburg. 

Fishkill  Furnace,  a  hamlet  of  Dutchess  eo.,  N.Y.,  2 
miles  from  Clove  Branch  Junction.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Fishkill  Landing.    See  Fishkill  on  the  Hudson. 

Fishkill  Mountains.  This  term  is  sometimes  ap- 
plied to  the  highlands  of  the  Hudson. 

Fishkill  on  the  Hudson,  or  Fishkill  Landing, 
a  post-village  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River, 
opposite  Newburg,  about  1  mile  W.  of  Matteawan,  and  5S 
miles  above  New  York,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  the 
Hudson  River  Railroad.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is 
Fishkill  on  the  Hudson.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  national 
bank,  a  savings-bank,  2  machine-shops,  a  boiler-shop,  a  hat- 
factory,  and  a  printing-office  which  issues  a  weekly  news- 
paper. A  steam  ferry-boat  plies  between  this  place  and 
Newburg.     Pop.  in  1890,  3617. 

Fishkill  Plains,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y., 
in  East  Fishkill  township,  about  10  miles  S.E.  of  Pough- 
keepsie. 

Fish  Lake,  of  New  York,  in  the  N.  part  of  Fulton  co., 
is  3  or  4  miles  long,  and  from  1  to  li  miles  wide. 

Fish  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Elkhart  co.,  Ind. 

Fish  Lake,  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.    See  Mill  Creek. 

Fish  Lake,  a  village  in  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.,  on  a  branch 
of  the  Detroit  &  Bay  City  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Lapeer. 
Here  are  extensive  lumber-mills.     Post-office,  Stephens. 

Fish  Lake,  township,  Chisago  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  707. 

Fish  Pond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tallapoosa  co.,  Ala.,  2 
miles  from  Alexander  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Fish  Pond,  township,  Barnwell  co.,  S.C.    Pop.  1120. 

Fish  Pool,  a  village  in  Pictou  co.,  NovaScotia,  3  miles 
from  Hopewell.     Pop,  130. 

Fish  River,  Great.    See  Great  Fish  River. 

Fish  Rocks,  a  shipping-port  of  Mendocino  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  Pacific  Ocean,  35  miles  S.W.  of  Ukiah.  Lumber  is 
shipped  here. 

Fish's  Ed'dy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Delaware  River,  about  25  miles  by  rail  S.  by  AV.  of 
Walton.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  wood- 
alcohol,  acetate  of  lime,  charcoal,  and  lumber.     Pop.  300. 

Fish  Trap,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  Ky. 

Fish'viltc,  a  station  of  the  Keokuk  &  Des  Moines 
division  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  at 
Knoxville  Junction. 

Fisk,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adair  co.,  Iowa,  in  Richland 
township,  4  miles  S.  of  Fontanelle. 

Fisk'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kenton  co.,  Ky.,  25  miles 
S.  (if  Covington.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  60. 

Fisk'dale,  a  post-villnge  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Sturbridge  township,  on  the  Quinebaug  Rjver,  about  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Worcester.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  cotton,  augurs,  and  bits. 

Fiske,  fisk,  a  village  of  Cambria  co.,  Pa.,  on  Clearfield 
Creek,  in  White  township,  about  20  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Altoona.  It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill.  Bituminous 
coal  abounds  here. 

Fiskenaes,  fees'k^h-nis,  a  settlement  in  the  S.  part  of 
Greenland,  on  the  coast,  and  the  residence  of  an  inspector. 

Fiskeville,  fisk'vil,  a  post-village  in  Cranston  town- 
ship. Providence  co.,  R.I.,  on  the  Pawtuxet  River,  and  on  a 
branch  of  the  Hartford,  Providence  &  Fishkill  Railroad,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Providence.    It  has  a  cotton-factory.    P.  244. 

Fiskeville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Travis  co.,  Tex.,  6  miles 
N.E.  of  Austin.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
plough-factory. 

Fisk's  Corners,  a  post-village  of  Winnebago  CO.,  AVis., 
in  Utica  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Oshkosh.     It  has  2  churches. 

Fifk's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  near 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  45  miles  N.W.  of  Santa  Rosa. 

Fismes,  feem  (anc.  Fi'net  liemo'rumf),  a  town  ot 
Franco,  in  Marne,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Ardre  and  the 
Vesle,  17  miles  W.N.W.  of  Reims.  It  has  manufactures 
of  coarse  woollens.     Pop.  2989. 

Fissata,  fis-si'ti,  a  seaport  of  North  Africa,  dominions 
and  90  miles  W.N.W.  of  Tripoli. 

Fitats,  feeHAts',  or  Fitaki,  fe-ti'ke  (Chinese,  Tchamj- 
Loo,  chS,ng-loo),  a  town  of  Japan,  island  of  Hondo,  on  a 
river,  near  the  E.  coast,  90  miles  E.N.E.  of  Tokio. 

Fitch  Ray,  a  post-village  in  Stanstead  co.,  Quebec,  rn 
a  long  arm  or  bay  of  Lake'  Alemphremagog,  7  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Stanstead.     Pop.  200. 

Fitch'burg,  a  city  and  one  of  the  capitals  of  Wor- 
cester CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Nashua  River,  60  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Boston,  and  26  miles  N.  of  Worcester.     It  is  at  the  juno- 


ITT 


1180 


FIV 


tion  of  the  Fitobburg  and  Old  Colonjr  Railroads.  It  con- 
tains 14  churches,  a  city  hall,  14  paper-millo,  a  high  school, 
4  national  bunl(s,  2  savings  bnnkii,  nnd  n  public  library. 
It  has  also  manufactures  of  saws,  ginghams,  worsleii.i, 
bicycles,  revolvers,  lumber,  doors,  sash  and  blinds,  cotton 
and  cotton  warps,  bricks  and  tiles,  rubber  stamps,  but- 
ting and  twine,  steam-engines,  pianos,  and  paper.  About 
20UU  men  are  employed  here  in  the  manufiioture  of  ma- 
chinery. Two  weekly  and  2  daily  ncwspnpors  are  published 
here.  Quarries  of  granite  are  ostonsivuly  worked.  Pop. 
in  18U0,  22,U37. 

Fitchburgy  a  post-hamlet  of  Ingham  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Hunker  Hill  township,  about  17  miles  N.E.  of  Jnokson. 
It  has  a  church  nnd  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  about  125. 

Fitchburg,  a  post-township  of  Dane  co.,  Wis.,  about  6 
miles  S.  of  Madison,  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  A  North- 
western Railroad.     Pop.  968. 

Fitch'port,  or  Hick'man's  Bridge,  a  hamlet  of 
Garrard  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Kentucky  River,  at  the  mouth  of 
Hickman  Creek,  9  miles  S.  of  Nioholasville.  It  has  a  dis- 
tillery and  a  grist-mill.    Near  it  is  Camp  Nelson  Post-Offico. 

Fitch's  Point,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  oo.,  N.Y.,  3 
mil*s  from  Salem. 

Fitch's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Caswell  co.,  N.C. 

Fitch'ville,  a  post-village  of  New  London  co.,  Conn., 
in  Bozrah  township,  2  miles  W.  of  Yantic  Station,  which  is 
4  miles  N.W.  of  Norwich.  It  has  a  church  and  a  cotton- 
factory. 

Fitchvilie,  a  post-village  of  Huron  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ver- 
milion River,  about  25  miles  N.  of  Mansfield.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  union  school,  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Fitero,  fe-ti'ro,  a  town  of  Spain,  53  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Pamplona,  on  the  Alhama.     Pop.  2593. 

Fites  Fddy,  a  station  on  the  Columbia  &  Port  Deposit 
Railroiid,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Columbia,  Pa. 

Fit'ful  Head,  a  headland  on  the  S.  coast  of  Shetland, 
W.  of  Quendal  Bay.     Elevation,  400  feet. 

Fith'ian,  a  post-village  of  Vermilion  co.,  III.,  in  Oak- 
wood  township,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  &  West- 
ern Railroad,  14  miles  W.  of  Danville.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  high  school.     Pop.  about  400. 

Fittrfe,  fit'trd',  or  Fiddri,  fid'dree\  a  lake  of  Africa, 
near  hit.  14°  N.,  Ion.  20°  E.,  200  miles  E.  of  Lake  Chad. 

Fitts  HiH,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co..  III. 

Fitzabading,  fits'i'bi'ding',  a  beautiful  fertile  dis- 
trict in  the  S.W.  part  of  Abyssinia,  province  of  Oojam. 

Fitzal'on,  a  post-office  of  Sherman  co.,  Neb. 

Fit/ger'ell,  or  Win'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson 
CO.,  111..  12  miles  E.  of  Taraaroa  Station.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  100. 

Fitz  Henry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Yougljiogheny  River,  36  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pittsburg. 
It  is  at  Port  Royal  Station  on  the  Pittsburg  <t  Connellsville 
Railroad. 

Fitzhngh  (fits'ha)  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co., 
Ark.,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Malvern. 

Fitzhugh  (fits'hu)  Sound,  astraitof  British  Columbia, 
in  lat.  51°  33'  N.,  Ion.  128°  10'  W.,  between  Calvert  Island 
•and  the  mainland,  is  18  miles  long  and  3  miles  broad. 

Fitzpat'rick,  a  post-village  of  Bullock  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Montgomery  <fc  Eufaula  Railroad,  28  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Montgomery.     It  has  2  churches,  2  steam  mills,  Ac. 

Fitzroy,  fits'roy,  an  island  near  the  N.E.  coast  of  Aus- 
tralia, 5  miles  N.E.  of  Cape  Grafton.  The  N.  peak  is  550 
feet  high.     Lat.  16°  55'  N. ;  Ion.  146°  E. 

Fitzroy,  a  town  of  Victoria,  Australia,  a  northeastern 
suburb  of  Melbourne,  with  active  industries  and  fine  public 
gardens.     Pop.  15,547. 

Fitz'roy  Har'bor,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  co.,  On- 
tario, on  the  river  Ottawa,  12  miles  E.  of  Arnprior.  It  con- 
tains several  stores,  hotels,  and  mills,  and  has  daily  com- 
munication with  Ottawa  by  steamer.     Pop.  300. 

Fitz^wa'ter  ToAVn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  Pa.,  1  mile  from  Edge  Hill  Railroad  Station. 

Fitzwil'liam,  a  post-village  of  Cheshire  co.,  N.H., 
about  44  miles  S.W.  of  Concord,  and  2  miles  N.E.  of  the 
Cheshire  Railroad.  It  has  4  churches,  a  savings-bank,  and 
manufactures  of  wooden-ware  and  kindling-wood. 

Fitzwiiiiam  Depot,  a  post- village  of  Cheshire  co., 
N.H.,  on  the  Cheshire  Railroad,  15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Keene. 
It  has  granite-quarries  and  manufactures  of  wooden-ware. 

Fiuiinas,  fe-oo-lee'n4s,  or  Fiorinas,  flo-ree'nis,  a 
village  on  the  island  of  Sardinia,  province  and  9  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Sassari,  near  the  Pianora.     Pop.  1763. 

Fiumara-di-IMaro,  fe-oo-mi'ri-dee-moo'ro,  a  vil- 
lage of  Italv,  province  of  Reggio  di  Calabria,  7  miles 
tf.N.E.  of  Reggio,     Pop.  1400. 


Fiame,  fe-oo'mJl  or  fyoo'md  (Qer.  Sanet  Veil  am  Flnum 
8&nkt  vSte  tun  flowm;  Illyr.  Jiika,  ree'ki),  a  8ea])ort  fowri 
of  Austria-Hungary,  a  free  city  of  the  Hungarian  king- 
dom, on  the  river  Fiumara,  where  it  fulls  into  the  (iulf  dt 
Quamero,  at  the  N.E.  extremity  of  the  Adriatic.  Lut.  ni 
the  clock  tower,  45°  19'  36"  N.,  Ion.  14°  26'  45"  K.  h 
consists  of  the  old  town,  built  on  a  height,  and  coiii))oseil 
of  indifferent  houses  and  gloomy,  dirty,  winding,  aiui  ill. 
paved  streets;  and  of  the  new  town,  situateil  alonj^  th 
shore,  and  presenting  a  very  marked  contrast  to  the  ol  ; 
town  by  the  number  of  its  handsome  buildings  ami  thu 
spaciousness  and  regularity  of  its  streets.  'I'he  olyectj 
most  deserving  of  notice  are  the  old  capitular  church  of 
Maria  llimmelfahrt,  with  a  fine  front,  the  church  of  St. 
Veit,  the  governor's  residence,  barracks,  town  house,  mon- 
asteries, <ko.  Fiume  is  the  seat  of  a  military  governor,  a 
mercantile  and  commercial  court,  custom-house,  ami  bride- 
well, and  possesses  a  gymnasium,  a  high  school,  a  hos]>ituI, 
and  a  good  collection  of  antique  works  of  art.  Its  ninnu 
fuotures  include  linen,  leather,  woollens,  refined  sugar,  n 
fined  vtax,  tobacco,  and  especially  rosoglio.  The  harbor  i- 
indiffercnt,  and  admits  only  small  vessels,  but  the  roadstead 
has  depth  of  water  for  vessels  of  any  size,  and  is  well  shel- 
tered. The  principal  exports  are  corn,  tobacco,  wood,  fruit, 
and  salted  provisions;  the  principal  imports  are  sugar,  rice, 
spices,  and  salt.  Fiume  is  the  only  important  seaport  for 
the  outlet  of  the  produce  of  Hungary,  Its  commercial  im- 
portance was  early  perceived,  and  communication  with  the 
intei"ior  has  been  secured  by  railway.     Pop.  (1890)  29,001. 

Fiume,  fe-oo'mi,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  26  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Udine.     Pop.  3302. 

Fiame  di  Nisi,  fe-oo'mi  dee  nee'see,  a  seaport  village 
of  Sicily,  on  the  Strait  of  Messina,  at  the  mouth  of  the  an- 
cient Chrytolhoan,  17  miles  S.S.W.  of  Messina.  Pop.  2800. 
Near  it  are  mines  of  alum,  antimony,  and  copper. 

Fiume-Freddo,  fe-oo'mi-frWdo  {i.e., "  cold  stream"), 
a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Cosenza,  near  the  Mediterra- 
nean, 11  miles  Sv.S.W.  of  Cosenza.     Pop.  5445. 

Fiume-Freddo,  a  village  of  Sicily,  on  a  little  river 
of  the  same  name,  which  flows  from  Mount  Etna,  province 
of  Catiinia,  and  enters  the  Mediterranean  at  Aci.    Pop.  676. 

Fiume  Salso,  Sicily.     See  Sai.so. 

Fiumicello,  fc-oo-mo-ch51'lo,  a  village  of  Northern 
Italy,  1  mile  W.  of  Brescia,  with  many  country-houses  of 
the  inhabitants  of  that  city.     Pop.  3727. 

Fiumicino,  fe-oo-me-chee'no  (anc.  Por'tttt  Aur/un'ti), 
a  seaport  of  Italy,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Rome,  at  the  N.  mouth  of 
the  Tiber.     It  is  a  place  of  holiday  resort  for  the  Romans. 

Five  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Genoa  township,  22  miles  S.  of  Auburn.     It  has  a  church. 

Five  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Outagamie  co.,  AVia., 
9  or  10  miles  N.  of  Appleton.     It  has  a  church. 

Five  Creeks,  a  township  of  Clay  co.,  Kansas.  Post- 
offices,  Tabor  and  Hebron.  It  is  bounded  E.  by  the  Repub- 
lican River.     Pop.  1113. 

Five  Fingers  Point,  a  headland  of  New  Zealand, 
Middle  Island,  on  its  AV.  coast,  in  lat.  45°  33'  S.,  Ion.  106° 
18'  E.  "  The  Five  Fingers"  is  another  point  on  the  same 
coast,  in  lat.  42°  2'  S.,  Ion.  171°  25'  E. 

Five  Forks,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stokes  co.,  N.C,  15  miles 
N.  of  Winston.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Five  Forks,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co..  Pa.,  in 
Quincy  township,  7i  miles  E.N.E.  of  Greeneastle. 

Five  Forks,  a  locality  in  Dinwiddle  co.,  Va.,  where, 
on  April  1,  1865,  an  important  battle  was  fought. 

Five  Hum'mocks  Point,  a  headland  of  Lower  Cali- 
fornia, on  its  W.  coast.     Lat.  30°  24'  N.;  Ion.  115°  40'  AV. 

Five  Islands,  a  group  of  small  islands  in  the  China 
Sea,  on  the  S.  coast  of  China,  province  of  Quang-Tong,  in 
lat.  21°  40'  N.,  Ion.  112°  38'  E. 

Five  Islands,  a  group  in  the  Mergui  Archipelngo,  6 
miles  S.E.  of  Pine-tree  Island.    Lat.  10°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  98°  E. 

Five  Islands  ("Cinque  Islands"),  in  the  Bay  of  Ben- 
gal, off  the  S.E.  end  of  Rutland  Island,  one  of  the  Anda- 
mans,  in  lat.  11°  22'  N.,  Ion.  92°  45'  E. 

Five  Islands,  of  .Japan.    See  Goto  Islands. 

Five  Islands,  a  post-village  in  Colchester  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  Minas  Basin,  18  miles  E.  of  Parrsborough. 
Marble,  iron,  copper,  and  plumbago  are  found  in  productive 
quantities  in  the  vicinity.  A  company  is  engaged  in  man- 
ufacturing white  paint  from  barytes.  Pop.  600.  02'  this 
place  lies  a  group  of  islands  of  the  same  name. 

Five  Islands  Har'bor,  a  bay  on  the  W.  coast  of  the 
island  of  Antigua,  British  West  Indies. 

Five  Lakes,  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.    See  Asa. 

Five  Men's  Sound,  in  Frobisher's  Strait,  Britiflh 
North  America. 


FIV 


1181 


FLA 


1    Five  Mile,  Clarke  co.,  Ind.    See  Cementville. 
,    Five  Mile,  a  station  in  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  rail- 
road between  Cambridge  and  Indianapolis  (a  division  of 
the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis  Railroad),  6  miles 
from  Indianapolis. 

Five  Mile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  co.,  0.,  in  Green 
township,  5  miles  N.  of  Mount  Grab,  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  chair-factory. 

Five  3Iile,  a  post-office  of  Mason  co.,  W.  Va, 

Five  Mile  Creek,  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  enters  the  Con- 
hocton  River  from  the  left. 

Five  Mile  River,  or  Rowayton,  ro'wa-t9n,  a  post- 
village  of  Fairfield  co..  Conn.,  in  Darien  and  Norwalk  town- 
ships, on  Long  Island  Sound,  at  the  mouth  of  Five  Mile 
River,  and  on  the  New  York  &  New  Ilaven  Railroad,  40 
miles  from  New  York  City.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  manu- 
factory of  children's  carriages.  The  most  important  busi- 
ness of  this  place  is  the  culture  and  sale  of  oysters.  Here 
is  Rowayton  Post-Office. 

Five  Mile  River,  a  post-village  in  Hants  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Maitland.     Pop.  150. 

Five-Mile- Town,  or  Bles'singbourn,  a  town  of 
Ireland,  co.  of  Tyrone,  6i  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Clogher.  P.  625. 

Five  Mile  Turn'out,  a  station  in  Charleston  co., 
S.C.,  on  the  South  Carolina  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of 
Charleston. 

Five  Points,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Harrison  township,  2  miles  from  Pitman,  which  is  16  miles 
S.  of  Camden.     It  has  a  church  and  a  broom-factory. 

Five  Points,  a  station  in  Brown  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cin- 
cinnati &  Eastern  Railroad,  25  miles  E.  of  Batavia. 

Five  Points,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pickaway  co.,  0.,  in 
Monroe  township,  about  22  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Columbus. 
It  has  a  church. 

Five  Points,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  3  miles 
from  West  Middlesex.     It  has  a  church. 

Fives,  feev,  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  now  merged 
in  Lille,  of  which  it  was  a  suburb.     Pop.  5876. 

Fivizzano,  fe-vit-si'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany, 
34  miles  N.W.  of  Lucca. 

Fiza,  fee'z6h\  or  Fored,  fo'rSd',  a  town  of  Hungary, 
CO.  of  Heves,  on  the  Theiss,  27  miles  S.E.  of  Erlau. 

Fizen,  Fisen,  fee^zSn',  or  Hizen,  hee^zdn',  a  prov- 
ince of  Japan,  ia  the  W.  part  of  the  island  of  Kioo-Sioo.  It 
includes  many  islands  and  islets,  of  which  the  Goto  group 
and  the  island  of  Firando  are  the  most  important.  Capital, 
Saga.    Pop.  1,074,461. 

Fjeld,  or  Field,  fe-Sld'  or  fySld,  a  Norwegian  word, 
signifying  a  "  mountain-range." 

Fjord,  or  Fiord,  fe-ond'  or  fyond,  a  Danish  and  Nor- 
wegian word,  signifying  "  bay"  or  "  estuary,"  forming  a  part 
of  numerous  names  in  the  N.  of  Europe. 

Fizesch,  a  village  of  Hungary.    See  Fdzes. 

Flaach,  flS,K,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  15 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Zurich,  beautifully  situated  near  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Thur  with  the  Rhine.     Pop.  1053. 

Flack'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y., 
about  9  miles  E.  of  Ogdensburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Flaco,  the  Latin  name  of  Fiaccone. 

Fladda,  an  islet  of  the  Hebrides.     See  Flodda. 

Fladstrand,  Denmark.    See  Frederikshav.v. 

Flag'fork,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Ky.,  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Frankfort. 

Flagg,  a  post-village  of  Ogle  co.,  111.,  21  miles  by  rail 
E.  by  N.  of  Dixon.     It  has  a  grain-elevator. 

Flagg  Centre,  a  station  in  Flagg  township.  Ogle  co., 
111.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Iowa  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Rockford  Branch  Railroad  with  the  main  line,  89  miles  W. 
of  Chicago.     Post-office,  Kyte  River. 

Flagg'on,  a  small  bayou  of  Rapides  parish,  La.,  flows 
into  Catahoula  Lake. 

Flagg's,  a  station  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad, 
2i  miles  S.E.  of  Martinsburg,  W.  Va. 

Flagg  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Campbell  co.,  Ky.,  8 
miles  S.E.  of  Alexandria.  It  has  2  churches,  a  seminary, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber. 

FlaggtowR,  New  Jersey.     See  Frankpout. 

Flag'ler,  a  post-village  of  Kit  Carson  co^  Col.,  33  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Burlington.  It  has  a  church  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  about  100. 

Flag'ler's,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Iowa,  5  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Knoxville.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Flag  Pond,  a  post-office  of  Unicoi  co.,  Tenn. 

Flag  Pond,  a  hamlet  of  Bosque  co.,  Tex.,  about  50 
miles  N.W.  of  Waco.     It  has  2  churches. 

Flag  Pond,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co.,  Va.,  20  miles 
(direct;  W.  of  Estillville.     It  has  a  general  store. 


Flag  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Empire  township, 
Andrew  co.,  Mo.,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Savannah.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Flagstad,  flig'st^d,  or  Flagstad-oe,fl3.g'stid-b'?h, 
an  islet  otf  the  coast  of  Norway,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Arendal. 

Flagstad,  one  of  the  Loffoden  Islands,  Norway,  S.  of 
West  Vaagen. 

Flag'staff,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Coconino  co., 
Arizona,  84  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Prescott  Junction,  and  158 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Prescott.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
a  public  school,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  963. 

Flagstaflf,  a  post-office  of  Somerset  co.,  Mo. 

Flag  Stone,  a  post-village  of  Pike  co..  Pa.,  about  8 
miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Lackawaxen,  and  about  9  miles 
(direct)  N.  by  W.  of  Milford.     It  has  2  general  stores. 

Flagtown,  New  Jersey.    See  Frankfort. 

Flambeau,flam'bo,  a  post-office  of  Chippewa  co..  Wis., 
on  the  Flambeau  River. 

Flambeau  River,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Lincoln  co., 
runs  southwestward  in  Chippewa  co.,  and  enters  the  Chip- 
pewa River  about  28  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Chippewa  Falls. 
This  river,  or  the  lower  part  of  it,  is  sometimes  called  the 
Manedowish  River.     Its  length  is  estimated  at  150  miles. 

Flambeau  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chippewa  co.. 
Wis.,  on  Flambeau  River,  and  on  the  Wisconsin  Central 
Railroad,  35  miles  N.  of  Worcester. 

Flam'borough,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
East  Riding,  on  the  North  Sea,  4  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bridling- 
ton. It  occupies  the  centre  of  the  promontory  of  Flam- 
borough  Head,  which  consists  of  a  range  of  limestone  rocks, 
elevation  450  feet,  extending  along  the  shore  for  several 
miles,  with  a  light-house  214  feet  above  the  North  Sea,  in 
lat.  54°  7'  N.,  Ion.  0°  5'  E.  The  rock  is  perforated  by 
caverns,  which  are  the  resort  of  numerous  sea-fowl.  Pop. 
of  parish,  1374. 

Flamborough  West.    See  West  Flamborough. 

Flan'agan's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co., 
Va.,  on  Wills  River,  about  50  miles  W.  of  Richmond.  It 
has  a  flour-mill. 

Flanders,  flan'd^rz  (L.  Flan'dria;  Sp.  Flandes,  flin'- 
dfis;  It.  Fiandra,  fe-in'dri;  Fr.  Flandre,  flijJd'r ;  Ger. 
Flandern,  flln'd§rn;  Dutch,  Vlaanderen,  vlAn'd^r-^n),  a 
former  country  or  district  of  Europe,  now  included  in  the 
Netherlands,  Belgium,  and  France.  It  stretched  from  the 
Scheldt,  below  Fort  Lillo,  W.  along  the  Hondor  West  Scheldt, 
and  W.S.W.  along  the  German  Ocean,  to  the  entrance  of 
the  Straits  of  Dover,  near  Gravelines.  The  name  occurs 
for  the  first  time  in  the  seventh  century.  The  erection  of 
the  territory  into  a  county  took  place  in  the  ninth  century, 
and  was  made  by  Philip  the  Bold,  King  of  France,  in  favor 
of  his  son-in-law,  Baldwin  of  the  Iron  Arm.  It  after- 
wards passed  to  the  united  houses  of  Spain  and  Austria, 
and  ultimately  to  the  latter,  but  underwent  considerable 
curtailment  by  the  conquests  of  the  French  in  the  W.,  when 
part  of  it  became  French  Flanders  and  is  now  included  in 
the  departments  of  Nord  and  Ardennes,  and  the  conquests 
of  the  Dutch  in  the  N.,  who  succeeded  in  including  tho 
most  northerly  portion  of  it  in  the  province  of  Zealand. 
The  remainder  still  retains  its  ancient  name,  and  forms  the 

provinces  of  East  and  West  Flanders,  in  Belgium. Adj. 

Flem'ish  ;  inhab.  Flem'ing.     (The  French  of  both  is  Fla- 
MAND,  fli^mftn"'.)   See  East  Flanders  and  West  Flanders. 

Flanders,  or  French  Flanders  (Fr.  Flandre, 
fl5Nd'r),  an  old  province  of  France,  of  which  the  capital 
was  Lille.  It  is  now  in  tho  departments  of  Nord  and  Ar- 
dennes. 

Flan'ders,  a  post-village  in  Mount  Olive  township, 
Morris  CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Central  or  High  Bridge  Railroad, 
in  a  beautiful  valley,  17  miles  N.E.  of  High  Bridge,  and 
about  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Morristown.  It  has  3  churches, 
an  academy,  a  felt-factory,  3  flouring-mills,  saw-mills,  and 
a  chalybeate  spring.     Pop.  about  500. 

Flanders,  a  post-village  of  Suflfolk  co.,  N.Y.,  in  South- 
ampton township,  on  Peconic  Bay,  3  miles  S.E.  of  River- 
head.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  160. 

Flandreau,  flan'dro,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Moody 
CO.,  S.D.,  on  the  Big  Sioux  River,  39  miles  by  rail  N.  of 
Sioux  Falls.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  a  high  school, 
and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  669. 

Flandre  Occidentale.    See  West  Flanders. 

Flandre  Orientale.    See  East  Flanders. 

Flanigan's,  Ontario.     See  McGillivray. 

Flan'nen  or  Flau'nan  Isles  (written  also  Fan- 
nan),  or  the  "Seven  Hunters,"  a  group  of  islets  of  the 
Hebrides,  Scotland,  20  miles  W.  of  Lewis.  They  are  not 
inhabited,  but  feed  numerous  sheep,  and  are  a  great  resort 
of  sea-fowl 


FLA 


1182 


FLA 


Flat,  Pika  eo.,  0.    See  Califorxia. 

Flat  Bny«  a  hamlot  on  the  French  shore,  Neirfound- 
Und,  At  the  hond  of  St.  George's  Bay,  8  miles  from  Sandy 
Point.    Pop.  150. 

Flat  Mow  River.    Seo  Kootf.nay  Riven. 

Flat  llranch,  »  township  of  Shelby  oo.,  111.  Pop.  030. 

Flat  llranch,  a  post-offico  of  Forsyth  co.,  N.C. 

Flat  Urook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  oo.,  N.Y.,  in 
Cannan  tutrnsbln,  on  the  Boston  k  Albany  Railroad,  about 
14  miles  S.W.  of  Pittsfield,  Mass. 

Flat'brookrille,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex  oo.,  N.J., 
on  tho  Dohvwaro  Kivor,  13  miles  above  the  Wator  Gap.  It 
Las  a  ohuroh.     Pop.  about  100. 

Flat'bush,  a  post-village  of  Kings  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Flat- 
bush  township,  3  or  4  milos  S.S.E.  of  Brooklyn.  It  contains 
5  churches,  the  Krnsmus  Hall  Academy,  an  almshouse,  a 
lunittio  asylum,  and  a  newspaper  office.  The  township  con- 
tains also  a  village  named  Parkville.  Prospect  Park  of 
J^ooklyn  is  contiguous  to  Flatbush.  Pop.  of  the  township, 
in  1880,  7634;  in  1890,  12,337. 

Flat  Creek,  Monroe  eo.,  Ala.,  runs  south  westward, 
and  enters  the  Alabama  River  4  miles  above  Claiborne. 

Flat  Creek,  Twiggs  oo.,  Ga.,  flows  into  the  Ocmulgeo 
River. 

Flat  Creek,  in  the  S.E.part  of  Virginia,  flows  through 
Amelia  co.  into  tho  Appomattox  River. 

Flat  Creek,  a  post-office  of  AVinn  parish,  La. 

Flat  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Barry  co.,  Mo.,  10  miles  E. 
of  Cassville.     Pop.  of  Flat  Creek  township,  1571. 

Flat  Creek,  a  township  of  Pettis  co..  Mo.     Pop.  IflSl. 

Flat  Creek,  a  township  of  Stone  co..  Mo.     Pop.  595. 

Flat  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y.,  4 
miles  S.  of  Spraker  s  Station.  It  bos  a  church,  a  cheese- 
factory,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Flat  Creek,  township.  Buncombe  co.,  N.C.     P.  1168. 

Flat  Creek,  township,  Lancaster  co.,  S.C,     P.  2088. 

Flat  Creek,  a  post,vilIage  of  Bedford  co.,  Tenn.,  7 
miles  S.E.  of  Shelby  ville.  It  has  3  churches  and  nn  academy. 

Flat  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Roane  co.,  W.  Va. 

Flat  Cap,  a  post-hamlct  of  Johnson  co.,  Ky.,  25  miles 
S.  of  Willanl.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Flat  Gap,  a  post-hamlct  of  Jefferson  co.,  Tcnn.,  5 
miles  S.E.  of  New  Afarket.     It  has  2  churches. 

Flat'head,  Sailish,  or  Selish  (si'lish)  In'dinns, 
a  tribe  dwelling  in  Idaho,  in  the  vicinity  of  Clarke's  River 
and  the  adjacent  portion  of  the  Columbia.  Their  name  is 
derived  from  a  custom,  said  to  have  been  formerly  prevalent 
among  them,  of  flattening  the  heads  of  their  children, 
when  very  young,  by  artificial  moans.  This  practice  still 
obtains  among  several  other  tribes,  to  whom  the  name  of 
Fhvtheads  is  not  usually  given.  These  tribes  occupied  the 
territory  on  both  sides  of  tho  Columbia  River  for  a  consid- 
erable distance  from  its  mouth.  They  are  commonly  of 
diminutive  stature,  and  badly  made,  with  wide  mouths  and 
thick  lips,  the  nose  thick,  and  the  nostrils  large.  The  flat- 
tening of  the  head  is  accomplished  by  subjecting  the  skull 
of  the  infant  to  constant  and  severe  mechanical  pressure 
during  the  first  six  or  eight  months  of  its  life.  It  does  not 
appear  that  this  operation  has  any  effect  in  diminishing 
tljo  capacity  of  the  cranium  or  tho  whole  volume  of  brain. 

Flat'hcad  Lake,  or  Se'lish  Lake,  is  in  Missoula 
CO.,  Montana.  It  is  about  30  miles  long  and  12  or  14  miles 
wide.  Gold  is  found  in  the  vicinity  of  this  lake.  The  out- 
let of  it  is  Flathead  River,  which  issues  from  the  southern 
end,  runs  southwcstward,  and  enters  the  Bitter  Root  or 
Clarke's  River. 

Flathead  Pass,  Montana,  is  a  depression  in  the  Gal- 
latin Range  of  mountains,  and  is  a  great  thoroughfare  for 
the  Flathead  and  Bannack  Indians.  The  elevation  of  this 
pass  above  the  level  of  the  sea  is  6769  feet.  It  is  15  miles 
from  Union  Pass. 

Flathead  River.    See  Clauke's  River. 

Flat-IIolmes,  an  i^let  of  England,  in  the  Bristol 
Channel,  co.  of  Somerset,  N.  of  Steep-Holmes,  and  8  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Cardiff.  It  is  about  IJ  miles  in  circumference,  and 
ha«  a  light-house,  in  lat.  51°  22'  35"  N.,  Ion.  3°  7'  3"  W. 

Flat  Island,  a  small  island  of  the  Mergui  Archipelago, 
Bay  of  Bengal. 

Flat  Island,  a  small  island  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Law- 
rence, off  Point  Peter,  district  of  Gaspfi. 

Flat  Islands,  two  islets  off  the  W.  coast  of  Sumatra, 
in  lat.  2°  20'  N.,  Ion.  96°  3'  E. 

Flat  Islands,  a  group  of  islands  on  the  W.  side  of 
Bonavista  Bay,  Newfoundland,  7  miles  from  Barrow  Har- 
bor.    Pop.  250. 

Flat  Islands,  a  group  on  the  W.  side  of  Placentia 
Bay,  Newfoundland,  15  miles  from  Burin.    Pop.  306. 


Flat'kill  Creek,  in  the  N.  part  of  New  Jersey,  rlsci 
in  Sussex  eo.,  and  enters  tho  Delaware  on  the  boundary 
between  that  county  and  Warren. 

Flat'lands,  a  post-township  of  Kings  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
5  miles  S.S.E.  of  Brooklyn.  It  is  bounded  on  the  K.  by 
Jamaica  Bay  of  tho  .Atlantic  Ocean.  It  has  4  churches,  and 
contains  Cnnarsie  Village.     Pop.  2054. 

Flat  Lick,  a  township  of  Johnson  co..  III.    Pop.  1180. 

Flat  Lick,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  Ky.,  about  7 
miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Barboursville.  It  has  a  church, 
a  free  school,  and  manufactures  of  lumber. 

Flat  Mountain,  Wyoming,  is  in  the  S.  part  of  the 
National  Park  of  the  Yellowstone,  about  a  mile  S.  of  Yel- 
lowstone Lake.  It  has  an  altitude  of  9704  feet  above  the 
sea-level,  and  is  about  2300  feet  higher  than  tho  lake.  It 
is  composed  chiefly  of  trachyte,  and  is  of  volcanic  origin. 

Flato'nia,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Tex.,  37  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Columbus.  It  has  4  churches,  3  banks,  a 
door-  and  cistern-factory,  graded  schools,  and  2  newspaper 
offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  1304. 

Flatow,  fli'tov  (Pol.  Zlotoxoo,  «lo-to'vo,  or  Cxlotowo, 
tchlo-to'vo),  a  town  of  Germany,  in  West  Prussia,  25  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Schneidemlihl.  Pop.  3317.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  cloth  and  lace. 

Flat  Point  is  the  S.  extremity  of  the  island  of  Su- 
matra,  and  a  headland  on  the  S.  coast  of  Borneo. 

Flat  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Guernsey  co.,  0. 

Flat  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Grayson  co..  Va. 

Flat  River,  Michigan,  drains  part  of  Montcalm  co., 
runs  southwcstward  through  Ionia  co.,  and  enters  Grand 
River  at  Lowell,  in  Kent  co. 

Flat  River,  North  Carolina,  rises  in  Person  co.,  runs 
in  a  S.S.E.  direction,  and  enters  the  Neuse  River  on  the  N. 
border  of  Wake  co. 

Flat  River,  a  post-hamlct  of  Orange  co.,  N.C,  about 
30  miles  N.W.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  tobacco. 

Flat  River,  a  township  of  Person  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  958, 

Flat  River,  or  Gascoigne  fgAs'koin')  Cove,  a 
post-village  in  Queeas  co.,  Prince  Edward  Island,  30  miles 
S.E.  of  Charlottetown.     Pop.  250. 

Flat  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  Ala.,  about  90 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Montgomery. 

Flat  Rock,  a  hamlet  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ga.,  on  South 
River,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Lithonia  Station,  and  12  miles  S.E. 
of  Atlanta.     It  has  a  church  and  a  cotton-factory. 

Flat  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Muscogee  co.,  Ga.,  10  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Columbus. 

Flat  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co..  III.,  22  miles 
by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Vincennes,  Ind.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  flour  mill. 

Flat  Rock,  a  township  of  Bartholomew  co.,  Ind., 
traversed  by  the  railroad  between  Columbus  and  Shelby- 
villo.     Pop.  1507. 

Flat  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.,  near 
Flat  Rock  Creek,  12  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Shelby  ville.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  canning-factory,  a  saw-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  300. 

Flat  Rock,  a  post-village  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ky.,  about 
23  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Somerset.  It  has  a  coal-mine,  a  saw- 
mill, a  stave-factory,  and  general  stores. 

Flat  Rock,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Huron  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  A  Canada  Southern 
Railroad,  24  miles  S.S.W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  graded  school,  2  flour-mills,  a  saw-mill,  a  bending-mill,  a 
cheese-factory,  and  a  creamery.     Pop.  in  1890,  377. 

Flat  Rock,  a  post-village  of  Henderson  co.,  N.C, 
about  100  miles  W.  of  Charlotte.     It  has  a  church. 

Flat  Rock,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  0.,  on  tho  Mau- 
mee  River.     Pop.  1184. 

Flat  Rock,  a  post- village  of  Seneca  co.,  0.,  in  Thomp- 
son township,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Bellevue,  and  about  20  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Tiffin.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  union  school. 

Flat  Rock,  a  post-township  of  Kershaw  co.,  S.C,  18 
■miles  N.  of  Camden.     It  has  3  cliurches.     Pop.  3755. 

Flat  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Lewis  co.,  Tenn. 

Flat  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Powhatan  co.,  Va, 

Fiat  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Mason  co.,  W,  Va, 

Flat  Rock,  a  hamlet  of  Newfoundland,  on  the  north 
shore  of  Conception  Bay,  2  miles  from  Carboncar.     P.  120. 

Flat  Rock,  a  fishing  hamlet  of  Newfoundland,  on  the 
sea-coast,  12  miles  N.  of  St.  John's,     Pop.  300. 

Flat  Rock  Creek,  Indiana,  rises  in  Henry  co.,  runs 
southwcstward  through  the  cos.  of  Rush  and  Shelby,  and 
enters  the  East  Fork  of  White  River  at  Columbus.  It  ia 
nearly  100  miles  long,  and  affords  abundant  water-power. 

Flat  Shoal,  a  post-office  of  Surry  co.,  N.C. 

Flat  Shoals,  a  post-hamlet  of  Meriwether  co.,  Ga.,  on 


FLA 


1183 


FLB 


Flint  River,  21  miles  S.W.  of  GriflSn.  It  has  2  churches, 
n  woollen-factory,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  The 
river  here  affords  abundant  water-power. 

Flattery,  Cape.    See  Cape  Flattert. 

Flat'tery  Cape,  a  cape  of  Eastern  Australia,  in  lat. 
14°  52'  S.,  Ion.  145°  2'  21"  E. 

Flat  Top,  a  post-ofiice  of  Mercer  co.,  W.  Va. 

Flat'wood,  a  post-office  of  Phelps  co..  Mo. 

Flatwoods,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayetto  co..  Pa.,  about 
10  miles  E.  of  Brownsville.     It  has  a  church. 

Flat  Woods,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
Buffalo  River,  45  miles  S.W.  of  Columbia.    It  has  a  church. 

Flat  Woods,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  Va. 

Flat  Woods,  a  post-hamlet  of  Braxton  co.,  W.  Va.,  65 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Clarksburg. 

Flatwoods  Academy,  a  post-office  of  Elbert  co.,  Ga. 

Flavacourt,  fliH-i^kooR',  a  town  of.  Franco,  in  Oise, 
3  miles  N.AV.  of  Chaumont.     Pop.  904. 

Flavia  Caesariensis,  the  ancient  name  of  Mercia. 

Flavias,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Favaios. 

Flavigiiy,  fl3,H'ccn^yee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Cote-d'Or, 
ir  miles  N.AV.  of  Dijon.     Pop.  11.36. 

Flavionaria,  the  Latin  name  of  Aviles. 

Flavium  Brigaiitiiim,  ancient  name  of  Betanzos. 

Flavy-le-3Iartel,  fl4Vee'-l§h-maRH6l',  a  village  of 
France,  Aisne,  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Saint-Quentin.     P.  1542. 

Flaw'reiiceville  (Oak  Grove  Post-Office),a  village  of 
Prince  George's  co.,  Md.,  li  miles  from  Brick  Church  Sta- 
tion.    It  has  3  churches. 

Flawyl,  fl4'\i'eel,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  15 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  St.  Gall.  It  has  important  manufactures 
of  lace  and  muslin.     Pop.  3105. 

Flayosc,  Iirosk',  a  village  of  France,  in  Var,  4  miles 
W.  of  Draguignan.     Pop.  1953. 

Flea  Hill,  township,  Cumberland  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1899. 

Fleche,  La,  a  town  of  France.    See  La  Fl£cue. 

Fleckeroe,  fl6k'§r-6^eh,  an  island  off  the  S.  coast  of 
Norway,  3  miles  S.  of  Christiansand,  with  a  good  harbor. 

Fleet,  a  small  river  of  Scotland,  issuing  from  a  lake  of 
the  Slime  name,  and  flowing  S.S.E.  into  AVigtown  Bay.  Fleet 
is  also  the  name  of  a  small  river  of  England,  an  affluent  of 
the  Trent,  co.  of  Notts ;  and  of  ancient  Fleta,  which  bounded 
the  Roman  city  of  London  on  the  W.  and  is  now  a  covered 
sewer  called  Fleet-ditch. 

Fleet'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lackawanna  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Benton  township,  about  15  miles  N.  of  Scranton.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  100. 

Fleet'wood,  a  seaport  and  watering-place  of  England, 
CO.  of  Lancaster,  on  the  AVyre,  at  the  entrance  of  More- 
cambo  Bay,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Preston  by  railway.  The 
town  has  a  church  and  a  hotel,  market-house,  custom-house, 
light-house,  and  docks.  Several  steamers  ply  between  it 
and  Ireland  and  Scotland.     Pop.  4428. 

Fleet'wood,  a  post-borough  of  Berks  co..,  Pa.,  11  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Reading.  It  has  3  churches,  common 
schools,  1  or  2  foundries,  a  grist-mill,  and  manufactures 
of  cigars  and  furniture.     Pop.  878, 

Flehingen,  fli'hing-§n,  a  village  of  Baden,  5  miles 
from  Bretten.     Pop.  1082. 

Flelikefiord,  or  FlekkeQord,  flSk'k§h-fe-oRd\  a 
town  of  Norway,  55  miles  W.  of  Christiansand,  on  an  inlet 
of  the  North  Sea.     Pop.  880. 

Flem'ing,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Kentucky,  has 
an  area  of  about  340  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
S.W.  by  the  Licking  River,  and  is  drained  by  Fleming  and 
Fox  Creeks.  The  surface  is  partly  undulating  and  partly 
billy,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  cal- 
careous and  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  pork,  and 
tobacco  are  the  staple  products.  Limestone  underlies  a  part 
of  this  county,  which  has  also  a  deposit  of  iron  fulgurites. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Kentucky  Central  Railroad  and  the 
Covington,  Flemingsburg  &  Ashland  Railroad,  the  latter 
passing  through  Flemingsburg,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
13,398;  in  1880,  15,221 ;  in  1890,  16,078. 

Fleming,  a  station  in  Tuscaloosa  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Ala- 
bama k  Chattanooga  Railroad,  12  miles  E.  of  Tuscaloosa. 

Fleming,  a  post-village  of  Liberty  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  At- 
lantic &  Gulf  Railroad,  24  miles  S.AV.  of  Savannah.  It  has 
a  church. 

Fleming,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Detroit,  Lansing  <k  Lake  Michigan  Railroad,  67  miles 
W.N.AV.  of  Detroit. 

Fleming,  apost-village  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Fleming 
township,  5  miles  S.  of  Auburn.  It  has  2  churches.  The 
township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Owasco  Lake,  and  inter- 
sected by  the  Southern  Central  Railroad.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
•hip,  1262.  *^ 


Fleming,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Marietta- 
Fleming,  Centre  co.,  Pa.    See  Unionville. 

Flem'ingsburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Fleming  co., 
Ky.,  is  on  the  Covington,  Flemingsburg  &  Ashland  Rail- 
road, 11  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Hillsborough,  48  miles  (direct) 
N.E.  of  Lexington,  and  14  miles  (direct)  S.  of  Maysville. 
It  has  7  churches,  3  banks,  a  floitr-mill,  a  graded  high 
school,  5  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of  plug  to- 
bacco.    Pop.  in  1880,  811;  in  1890,  1172. 

Flem'ingsville,  a  post-village  of  Tioga  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Owego  township,  on  the  Southern  Central  Railroad,  4  or  5 
miles  N.  of  Owego.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  91, 

Flem'ington,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Fla.,  about 
16  miles  S.  of  Gainesville. 

Flemington,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Hunterdon  co., 
N.J.,  20  miles  direct  (28  miles  by  railroad)  N.  by  W.  of 
Trenton.  It  is  the  N.  terminus  of  a  railroad  which  con- 
nects it  with  Lambertville,  and  the  South  Branch  of  the 
Central  Railroad  extends  from  this  place  16  miles  E.N.E.  to 
Somerville.  Flemington  contains  a  court-house,  5  churcheji, 
2  national  banks,  an  iron-foundry,  a  sash-  and  blind-factory, 
a  steam  flour-mill,  and  4  newspaper  offices.    P.  about  2000. 

Flemington,  a  post-village  of  Columbus  co.,  N.C,  on 
the  AVilmington,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  35  miles 
AA'.  of  AVilmington.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  factory  for 
cypress  staves.     Pop.  about  250. 

Flemington,  a  former  post-village  of  Clinton  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Bald  Eagle  Valley  Railroad,  2  miles  AV^.  of  Lock 
Haven,  is  now  the  5th  ward  of  that  city.  It  contains  2 
large  saw-mills,  a  flour-raill,  a  machine-shop,  and  a  church. 
Flemington  Post-Office  and  Station  remain  here. 

Flemington,  a  post-village  of  Taylor  co.,  AA"".  Va.,  on 
the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  10  miles  S.AV.  of  Grafton. 
Here  is  the  AVest  Virginia  College  (Free-AVill  Baptist). 

Flemington  Junction,  a  station  near  Flemington, 
N.J.,  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
South  Branch  Railroad,  26  miles  S.E.  of  Phillipsburg. 

Flem'ingville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa,  8 
miles  E.  of  Centre  Point. 

Flem'mings,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cat.awba  co.,  N.C,  in  ' 
Mountain  Creek  township,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Statesville. 

Flensburg,  flJns'boSRO  (Danish,  Flenslorg,  fldns'boRG  ; 
L.  Flenop'olit),  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Sleswick,  at  the 
AV.  end  of  Flensburg-Fiord,  an  inlet  about  20  miles  long 
by  from  2  to  10  miles  broad,  with  from  5  to  12  fathoms  of 
water,  20  miles  by  rail  N.N.AV.  of  Sleswick.  Lat.  54°  46' 
54"  N. ;  Ion.  9°  26'  12"  E.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  several 
handsome  streets  and  squares,  a  high  school,  a  hospital,  a 
penitentiary,  and  several  charitable  institutions.  The  in- 
dustry of  the  place  comprises  sugar-reflning,  tobacco-spin- 
ning, soap-making,  iron-founding,  brewing, -distilling,  <fcc. ; 
and  it  has  several  ship-j'ards.  Flensburg  is  an  ancient 
town,  and  the  most  populous  in  Sleswick.  As  early  as  the 
twelfth  century  it  was  a  wealthy  place.     P.  (1885)  33,315. 

Flers,  flain,  a  town  of  France,  in  Orne,  at  a  railway  junc- 
tion, 13  miles  N,N,E.  of  Domfront.  It  has  manufacturea 
of  linen  and  cotton  goods.     Pop.  8571. 

Flesh'erton,  or  Arteme'sia,  a  post-village  in  Grey 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  a  branch  of  the  Beaver  River,  and  on  tho 
Toronto,  Grey  &  Bruce  Railway,  86i  miles  N.AV.  of  Toronto. 
It  has  several  stores,  a  carding-,  a  saw-,  and  a  grist-mill. 
Pop.  350. 

Flesselles,  flfis'sfill',  a  village  of  France,  in  Somme,  7 
miles  N.  of  Amiens.     Pop.  1661. 

Flessingue,  the  French  name  of  Flushing. 

Fletch'all,  a  township  of  AVorth  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  582. 

Fletch'er,  a  post-village  of  Miami  co.,  0.,  in  Brown 
township,  on  the  railroad  between  Piqua  and  Urbana,  7  miles 
E.  of  Piqua,  and  10  miles  S.  of  Sidney.  It  has  3  churches. 
Pop.  306. 

Fletcher,  a  post-township  of  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  22  miles 
N.E.  of  Burlington,  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Lamoille 
River.  Pop.  865.  Fletcher  Station  is  on  the  Portland  & 
Ogdensburg  Railroad,  30  miles  E.  of  Lake  Champlain. 

Fleurance,  fluh*r6xss',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gers,  15 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Auch.     Pop.  3737. 

Fleurbaix,  fluR'bi',  a  village  of  France,  in  Pas-do- 
Calais,  5  miles  by  rail  S.AAT.  of  Armentieres.     Pop.  388. 

Fleurier,  fluhVe-i',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  18  miles  S.AV.  of  Neufchatcl.     Pop.  3051. 

Fleurs  Castle,  floorz  kas's^l  (rhyming  with  moorx), 
tho  seat  of  the  Duke  of  Roxburgh,  in  Scotland,  co.  of  Rox- 
burgh, on  the  Tweed,  1  mile  above  Kelso.  It  is  a  superb 
mansion,  built  by  Vanbrugh  in  1718. 

Fleurus,  fluhVUce',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut, 
in  a  wide  plain,  7  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Charleroi.     Pop. 


9Ur 


1184 


*L0 


SSOO.  SantpiinArr  b»ttlM  took  plwse  in  its  vtoinitjr  in  1622, 
1670,  1794,  nn.i  I'SIS. 

Floury,  fluh'rc«',  arillngo  of  Friince,  in  Autie,  7  miles 
N.H.  of  Nftrbonno.     Pen.  1675. 

Fleury,  a  villaga  of  France,  in  Tonne,  6i  miles  N.W. 
of  Auxerre.     Pop.  1305. 

Fleurf-sur-Andeile*  flt'Vree'-sUR-Aii«MSll',  a  vtl- 
laffe  of  Franco,  in  Eure*,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lea  Andelyg. 

Fleiiry>sar>Loire«  (lirhVee'-stlR-lwaR,  a  village  of 
France,  on  the  Loire,  2U  miles  E.S.E.  of  Orleans.    Pop.  461. 

Fleviis  Lacns,  the  Latin  name  of  Zutdkr  Zer. 

Flieden,  flee'd^n,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  IIcsse-Nassau, 
0  miles  S.W.  of  Falda,  on  the  Flieden.     Pop.  1645. 

Fiy,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Fi.ix. 

Pliins,  ttiius,  ft  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Qri- 
■ons.  1 1  miles  W.  of  Chur,  2700  feet  above  sca-lcvel.    P.  749. 

Flin'ders,  a  group  of  four  islands  off  the  N.E.  coast  of 
Australia,  near  Capo  Flinders,  at  the  mouth  of  Bathurst 
Bay.     Lat.  14°  11'  5"  S.;  Ion.  144°  12'  6"  E. 

Flinders,  a  bay  of  Western  Australia,  eo.  of  Sussex, 
between  Cape  Leeuwin  and  Cape  Beaufort.     Lat.  34°  20'  S. 

Flinders,  a  river  of  Nortnern  Australia,  flowing  into 
the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria. 

Flin'ders'  Xand  is  a  name  formerly  given  to  the 
coast  of  Southern  Australia,  between  Ion.  127°  and  140°  E., 
discovered  by  Flinders  in  1802. 

Flinders'  Range,  in  Southern  Australia,  is  a  moun- 
tain-system, extending,  with  its  ramifications,  N.N.E.  from 
about  lat.  32°  S.,  Ion.  138°  E.,  through  the  peninsula  sur- 
rounded by  Lake  Torrens.  Mount  Scrle,  its  chief  summit, 
is  in  lat.  30°  30'  S.,  Ion.  138°  40'  E. 

Flincs-I^s-Mortagne,  fleen-li-monH4n',  a  village 
of  France,  on  the  Scheldt,  7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Tournay. 
Pop.  1872. 

Flines-l^s-Raches,fiecn-l&-r&sh,  a  village  of  France, 
in  Nord,  3  miles  N.E,  of  Douai.     Pop.  4046. 

Flings'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co.,  Ky.,  3  miles 
from  Crittenden  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Flinn,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  967. 
It  contains  the  village  of  Lcesville. 

Flinn's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Hale  co.,  Ala. 

Fiinsberg,  flins'bStio,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia,  40 
miles  S.W.  of  Liegnitz,  on  the  Queiss.  Pop.  1760.  It  has 
mineral  springs  and  baths. 

Flint,  or  Flintshire,  a  county  of  Wales,  having  N. 
the  Irish  Sea,  E.  the  Dee,  and  S.  and  W.  Denbighshire. 
Area,  264  square  miles,  it  being  the  least  of  the  Welsh 
counties.  Surface  level  in  the  N.;  elsewhere,  finely  diver- 
sified, and  a  mountain-range  runs  parallel  with  the  Dee 
throughout  the  county.  Chief  rivers,  the  Dee  and  Clwyd. 
The  soil  is  extremely  fertile  in  the  plains  and  vales.  Prin- 
cipal agricultural  products,  wheat  and  cattle  of  a  small  but 
excellent  breed,  with  cheese  and  butter.  Its  lead-mines  are 
now  the  most  extensive  in  the  empire  ;  those  of  copper  are 
also  valuable,  and  coal,  near  the  Dee,  is  plentifully  obtained 
for  smelting-works  and  for  export.  Chief  towns,  Flint, 
Mold,  St.  Asaph,  Holywell,  Rhuddlan,  and  Ilawarden.  The 
county  sends  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons  and 
one  is  returned  for  its  boroughs.     Pop.  (1891)  77,189. 

Flint,  a  seaport  of  Wales,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Flint,  on 
the  estuary  of  the  Dee,  12i  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Chester. 
It  is  surrounded  by  ancient  intrenchment.«,  has  the  ruins 
of  a  castle  of  great  strength,  a  county  jail  and  guild  hall, 
considerable  exports  of  coal  and  lead  froui  the  large  mines 
in  the  vicinity,  and  imports  of  timber,  &o.  Its  wharves 
are  approached  by  vessels  of  300  tons.     Pop.  5247. 

Flint,  a  post-village  of  Morgan  co.,  Ala.,  6  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Decatur.  It  has  4  churches,  and  an  academy. 
Pop.  about  300. 

Flint,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  111.,  24  miles  W.  of  Jack- 
■onvillc,  is  bounded  E.  by  the  Illinois  River.     Pop.  403. 

Flint,  a  post-village  of  Steuben  co.,  Ind.,  8  miles  W. 
of  Angola,  and  about  44  miles  N.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  baa 
a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Flint,  a  post-ofiice  of  Cherokee  Nation,  Indian  Territory. 

Flint,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa, 
about  11  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Oskaloosa. 

Flint,  a  flourishing  city  and  the  capital  of  Genesee  co., 
Mich.,  is  situated  on  the  Flint  River,  and  on  the  Flint  & 
Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  34  miles  S.S.E.  of  East  Saginaw, 
64  miles  N.N.W.  of  Detroit,  and  66  miles  W.  of  Port  Huron. 
The  Chicago  &,  Lake  Huron  Railroad  connects  this  place 
with  Port  Huron.  Flint  contains  a  court-house,  a  city  hall, 
8  churches,  2  national  banks,  a  high  school,  a  savings-bank, 
6  saw-mills,  a  paper-mill,  3  breweries,  4  flouring-mills,  3 
brick-yards,  3  stave-factories,  manufactures  of  machinery, 
Bash,  doors,  blinds,  furniture,  carriages,  <tc.,  and  the  state 


institution  for  the  denf  and  dumb,  which  is  a  largtt  nnd 
ornnmcntnl  edifice.  The  high-school  building  cost  $  I  ;■)(!, iioo. 
It  also  has  a  woollen-fnctory,  a  marble-factory,  and  an 
asylum  for  the  insane.  Five  weekly,  a  tri-weekly,  an<l  2 
dally  newspapers  are  published  here.  Large  quuntitios  of 
lumber  are  exported  from  Flint.     Pop.  in  1890,  9803. 

Flint,  Ontario  co..  New  York.     See  Flint  CnEHK. 

Flint,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  0.,  in  Sharon 
township,  on  the  railroad  between  Columbus  nnd  Giilion 
(at  Westorvillo  Station),  11  miles  N.  of  Columbus,  It  ha« 
2  churches.    Pop.  in  1880,  1148. 

Flint  CreeK,  Indiana,  a  small  stream  flowing  into  the 
Wabash  near  the  N.  extremity  of  Fountain  co. 

Flint  Creek,  Iowa,  runs  8.E.  through  Dcs  Moines  co., 
and  enters  the  Mississippi  1  mile  above  Burlington. 

Flint  Creek,  New  York,  intersects  Yates  co.,  runi 
nearly  northward  in  Ontario  co.,  and  enters  the  Canandaigua 
Outlet  about  4  miles  E.  of  Clifton  Springs. 

Flint  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co..  Miss. 

Flint  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Seneca  township,  on  the  Ontario  Southern  Railroad  (at 
Flint  Station),  3  miles  N.  of  Stanley,  and  about  6  miles 
W.  of  Geneva.  It  has  about  20  houses  nnd  a  manufactory 
of  heading  and  hubs. 

Flint  Hill,  a  post-office  of  CTay  co.,  Ala.,  18  miles  S. 
of  Oxford. 

Flint  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Charles  co..  Mo.,  about  44 
miles  W.N.AV.  of  St.  Louis. 

Flint  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Medina  co.,  Tex. 

Flint  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Rappahannock  co.,  V« 
13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Front  Royal.     It  has  3  churches. 

Flint  Island,  Meade  co.,  Ky.    See  CoxconntA. 

Flint'on,  a  post-village  in  Addington  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Scootamatta  River,  42  miles  N.N.E.  from  Belleville. 
Pop.  100. 

Flint  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greenwood  co.,  Kansas, 
22  miles  N.E.  of  El  Dorado. 

Flint  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co.,  S.C. 

Flint  River,  Alabama,  runs  southward  through  Madi- 
son  CO.,  and  enters  the  Tennessee  River  about  15  miles  S.  of 
Huntsville.     It  is  nearly  75  miles  long. 

Flint  River,  Georgia,  rises  about  10  miles  S.  of  At- 
lanta, and  runs  nearly  southward  to  Talbot  co.,  and  south- 
eastward to  Macon  co.,  which  it  intersects.  It  flows  south- 
ward to  Albany,  forming  the  eastern  boundary  of  Sumter 
and  Lee  cos.,  and  below  Albany  it  pursues  a  southwestward 
course  until  it  unites  with  the  Chattahoochee  River  at  the 
S.W.  extremity  of  Georgia,  to  form  the  Appalachicola.  The 
length  of  the  Flint  is  estimated  at  400  miles.  Steamboats 
can  ascend  it  to  Albany,  nearly  150  miles. 

Flint  River,  Michigan,  is  formed  by  two  branches, 
which  rise  in  Lapeer  co.  and  unite  in  the  same.  It  runs 
southwestward  to  the  city  of  Flint,  below  which  it  flows 
northwestward  to  the  middle  of  Saginaw  co.  and  unites 
with  the  Shiawassee  to  form  the  Saginaw  River.  Its  length, 
including  one  branch,  is  about  140  miles. 

Flint  River  Junction,  a  post-office  of  Genesee  co., 
Mich. 

Flintshire,  a  county  of  North  Wales.    See  Flint. 

Flint's  mills,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  0. 

Flint  Stone,  a  post-hamlet  and  summer  resort  of  Al- 
leghany CO.,  Md.,  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cumberland.  It  has 
2  churches,  public  schools,  a  steam  tannery,  a  canning- 
factory,  and  a  basket-factory.     Pop.  about  500. 

Flint'ville,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co.,  Tenn.,  at 
Cunningham  Station,  11  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Fayette- 
ville.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  distillery. 

Flictville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Suamico  River,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Fort  Howard.  It  has  2 
stores.     There  are  several  lumber-mills  in  the  vicinity. 

Flint'y  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Yancey  co.,  N.C. 

Flip'pin,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  Ky.,  about  20 
miles  S.  of  Glasgow.  It  has  3  churches,  a  normal  school, 
and  a  cabinet-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  256. 

Flip'po's,  a  post-office  of  Caroline  co.,  Va. 

Flisk,  a  small  river  of  Ireland,  which  flows  into  the 
Lake  of  Killarncy. 

Flitsch,  flitch,  or  Pless,  pldss,  a  market-town  of  the 
Tyrol,  50  miles  by  rail  N.N.AV.  of  Triest.  on  the  Isonzo. 
Pop.  1463.  Near  it  is  the  Fliiacher-Klause  (flitch'9r- 
kI6w'z?h),  a  pass  cut  across  the  Julian  Alps  in  1809. 

Flix,  or  Flij,  fleen,  a  town  of  Spain,  40  miles  W.  of 
Tarragona,  on  a  peninsula  of  the  Ebro.  Pop.  2435.  It  ha* 
manufactures  of  linens. 

Flixecourt,  fleex'kooR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Somme, 
15  miles  N.W.  of  Amiens.     Pop.  1803. 

Flobecq,  flo'bSk',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  nainaut,22 


FLO 


1185 


no 


miles  N.E.  of  Tournay.    Pop.  5250.    It  has  extensive  man- 
ufactures of  linens. 

Flock'ton,  a  town  of  England,  eo.  of  York,  AVest 
Kiding,  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  lluddersfield.     Pop.  1116. 

Flod'da,  or  Flad'tla,  an  islet  of  the  Hebrides,  off  the 
N.W.  point  of  Ilasay  Island. 

Flod'den,  a  hill  of  England,  co.  of  Northumberland,  8 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Woolcr.  Around  its  base  was  fought, 
September  9,  1513,  between  the  English  and  Scotch,  the 
battle  of  Flodden  Field,  described  in  the  last  canto  of 
Scott's  "  Marraion."  A  pillar  has  been  erected  on  the  spot 
to  commemorate  this  action. 

Flogny,  flon'yeo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Yonne,  18 
miles  N.W.  of  Auxorre.     Pop.  404. 

Floh,  flo,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassau,  about 
25  miles  E.N.B.  of  Fulda,  on  the  Nesselwasser.    Pop.  1001. 

Flonheim,  flon'himo,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Hesse, 
17  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Mentz.     Pop.  1721. 

Flood,  a  township  of  Darlington  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  862. 

Flood'wood,  a  post-village  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Hocking  Valley  Railroad,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Athens.  Coal 
is  mined  here. 

Flo'ra,  a  post-office  of  Bullock  co.,  Ala. 

Flora,  a  township  of  Boone  co.,  111.     Pop.  1273. 

Flora,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co..  111.,  in  Ilartcr  town- 
sliip,  on  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad  where  it  crosses 
the  Springfield  division  of  that  railroad,  95  miles  E.  of  St. 
Louis,  Mo.,  and  108  miles  S.S.E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a 
national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  6  churches,  a  newspaper 
oflSce,  2  flouring-mills,  2  chair-factories,  <fec.     P.  (1880)  1494. 

Flora,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.,  19  miles  by 
rail  (Vanderbilt  Line)  S.S.W.  of  Logansport.  It  has  ii 
church  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  639. 

Flora,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Miss.,  19  miles  by 
rail  N.  by  W.  of  Jackson.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  200. 

Flora,  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  co.,  Ontario,  16  miles 
N.  of  Berlin.     It  has  a  grist-  and  saw-mill.     Pop.  100. 

Florae,  floVik',  a  town  of  France,  in  LozSre,  24  miles 
S.B.  of  Monde,  on  the  Tarnon.     Pop.  1738. 

Flora  Dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co..  Pa.,  in  Men- 
alien  township,  about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has 
a  Friends'  meeting. 

Flora  Falls,  in  the  township  of  Stony  Point,  Rock- 
land CO.,  N.Y.,  is  a  beautiful  cascade  on  Flora  Creek,  which 
has  worn  a  remarkable  chasm  in  the  sandstone  at  this  place. 

Flo'ral,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas, 
about  10  miles  N.E.  of  Winfield. 

Flo'raville,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Clair  co.,  III.,  11  or 
12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Belleville.     It  has  a  church. 

Flo'raville,  a  hamlet  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  near  the 
Hudson  River,  and  i  mile  E.  of  Walton  Station  of  the 
Northern  Railroad. 

Floravis'ta,  a  post-offico  of  Taos  co.,  New  Mexico. 

Flor'ence  (It.  Firenze,  fe-rfin'zi,  or  Fiorenza,  fe-o-r5n'- 
zl;  Fr.  Florence,  floh-6Nss' ;  Ger.  Florenz,  ^o-rhnts' ;  anc. 
Floren'iia  Tusco'rum),  a  celebrated  city  of  Tuscany,  and  the 
former  capital  of  Italy,  at  the  terminus  of  railways  con- 
necting it  with  Prato  and  Pistoja,  with  Arezzo  and  Rome, 
and  with  Leghorn,  Pisa,  and  Sienna,  143  miles  N.AV.  of 
Rome,  and  50  miles  E.N.E.  of  Leghorn.  Lat.  (cathedral) 
43°  46'  36"  N.;  Ion.  11°  15'  30"  E.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Arno,  which  divides  it  into  two  unequal  parts  (the 
larger  being  on  the  N.  side  of  the  river),  and  is  crossed  by 
bridges,  one  of  which,  the  Ponte  della  Santa  Trinity,  is  of 
marble,  is  remarkable  for  its  lightness  and  elegance,  and 
is  adorned  with  statues.  On  either  side  of  the  Arno  is  a 
spacious  quay,  called  the  Lungo  I'Arno,  or  Lung'  Arno 
("along  the  Arno"),  a  favorite  lounge  or  promenade  of  the 
Florentines.  The  site  of  the  old  walls  has  been  converte(f 
,into  spacious  streets  and  promenades,  and  the  town  has 
pushed  out  far  beyond  its  old  limits,  but  the  old  town 
gates  remain.  The  older  streets  are  generally  narrow,  but 
are  clean  and  well  paved  with  flagstones.  The  private 
[dwellings  arc  mostly  handsome,  and  the  palaces,  of  which 
jthere  are  a  great  many,  are  noble  and  impressive  struc- 
jtures.  Many  of  these  are  magnificently  fitted  up,  and  con- 
itain  extensive  libraries  and  valuable  collections  of  paint- 
ings, one  of  the  choicest  in  Italy  being  in  the  Pitti  Palace, 
formerly  the  residence  of  Luca  Pitti,  the  formidable  oppo- 
nent of  the  Medici  family.  The  city  contains  numerous 
piazzas  or  squares,  the  most  important  of  which,  and  the 
centre  of  public  life,  is  the  Piazza  della  Signoria,  adorned 
with  a  marble  fountain  and  a  bronze  statue  of  Cosmo  I., 
by  John  of  Bologna.  Several  of  the  other  squares  are  of 
considerable  size. 

^The  most  remarkable  building  in  Florence,  and  perhaps 
tbe  most  remarkable  of  the  kind  in  Europe,  is  the  Duomo, 


or  cathedral  of  Santa  Maria  del  Fiore,  situated  in  a  spacious 
square,  nearly  in  the  centre  of  the  city.  It  is  a  stupen- 
dous edifice,  with  a  dome,  the  largest  in  the  world,  and  said 
to  have  excited  the  admiration  and  emulation  of  Michael 
Angelo.  Opposite  the  gates  of  the  cathedral  is  the  small 
octagonal  church  of  St.  John  (San  Giovanni),  now  used  as  a 
general  baptistery  for  the  city,  and  the  three  bronze  gates  of 
which  are  celebrated  as  the  most  beautiful  castings  extant. 
None  of  the  other  churches,  the  number  of  which  is  said  to 
be  170,  exhibit  any  remarkable  architectural  excellence, 
though  in  many  instances  their  internal  decorations  are 
imposing.  The  two  market-places,  the  Mercato  Vecohio 
and  the  Mercato  Nuovo,  are  deserving  of  notice:  the  gallery 
(loggia)  of  the  latter  was  built  by  Cosmo  I.,  from  designs 
by  T'asso.  These  markets  are  amply  supplied  with  mer- 
chandise and  provisions  of  all  sort,  and  with  a  profusion 
of  the  most  gorgeous  flowers.  Immediately  behind  and 
extending  S.W.  from  the  Palazzo  Pitti  are  the  Boboli  gar- 
dens, about  li  miles  in  circumfererice.  Magnificent  lau- 
rels, cypresses,  yuccas,  <fec.,  form  their  chief  natural  attrac- 
tions; their  artificial  ornaments  consist  of  terraces,  statues, 
and  vases.  The  proudest  boast  of  Florence,  however,  is  its 
grand  gallery.  It  occupies  the  upper  story  of  a  fine  build- 
ing, called  the  Uffizi,  erected  by  command  of  Cosmo  I.,  after 
a  design  by  Vasari.  In  this  gallery  are  contained  speci- 
mens of  painting  and  statuary  by  the  greatest  masters. 

The  Laurentian  Library,  a  long  and  lofty  gallery,  with 
beautiful  windows  of  stained  glass,  contains  upwards  of 
130,000  volumes  and  9000  ancient  MSS.,  equalled  in  im- 
portance by  no  collection,  except  the  Vatican.  The  Maglia- 
becchian  Library  is  the  great  repository  of  printed  books. 
The  library  called  the  Biblioteca  Marucelliana  comprises  a 
large  and  excellent  collection.  The  Biblioteca  Riccardiana 
is  a  fourth  public  library,  founded  in  the  end  of  the  six- 
teenth century  by  Riccardo  Romolo  Riccardi,  and  has  been 
purchased  by  the  government.  The  private  libraries  are 
numerous  and  extensive.  The  national  library  has  280,000 
volumes  and  14,000  MSS.  The  charitable  institutions  of 
this  superb  city  of  palaces  arc  many  and  important;  some 
of  them  are  of  very  ancient  date;  one,  called  the  Buon- 
uomini  (good  men)  di  San  Martino,  has  been  in  existence 
for  400  years.  It  consists  of  a  society  of  gentlemen,  who 
collect  and  distribute  alms  among  the  poor  who  are  ashamed 
to  beg.  Another,  which  has  existed  for  500  years,  called 
the  Misericordia,  is  diffused  over  Tuscany.  Schools  and  other 
literary  and  educational  establishments  are  also  numerous. 

The  manufactures  of  Florence  have  greatlj'  fallen  off,  but 
still  silk-worms  are  reared  to  a  considerable  extent,  and 
woollens,  silk,  straw  hats,  porcelain,  mosaics,  and  pietra 
dura  are  manufactured,  as  also  numerous  objects  in  the  fine 
arts;  but  the  chief  dependence  of  the  city  is  on  the  visits 
and  temporary  residence  of  foreigners.  The  character  of 
the  climate,  which  is  in  general  fine,  though  somewhat 
foggy  in  autumn,  the  cheapness  and  abundance  of  provi- 
sions, and  the  beauty  of  the  city  itself,  as  well  as  that  of 
its  delightful  vicinity,  studded  with  villas,  country-houses, 
and  gardens,  render  Florence  one  of  the  most  desirable 
places  of  residence  in  Italy.     It  is  an  archbishop's  see. 

Florence  holds  a  conspicuous  place  in  the  history  of 
modern  Italy.  It  owes  its  origin  to  a  colony  of  Roman 
soldiers  sent  thither  by  Octavianus  after  the  victory  of 
Perugia,  to  whom  ho  allotted  part  of  the  territory  of  the 
colony  of  Fiesole,  established  about  40  years  before  by  Sylla. 
Christianity  was  established  here  in  the  third  century,  and 
early  in  the  fourth  a  bishop  of  Florence  attended  a  coun- 
cil at  Rome.  In  the  beginning  of  the  twelfth  century  the 
city  had  risen  into  importance  through  the  industry  of  its 
inhabitants,  who  had  now  commercial  establishments  in  the 
Levant,  France,  and  other  parts  of  Europe,  and  had  become 
money-changers,  money-lenders,  jewellers,  and  goldsmiths. 
Towards  the  end  of  the  fourteenth  century  the  wealthy 
family  of  the  Albizzi  became  chief  rulers  in  Florence.  These 
again  were  overthrown  in  1434  by  Cosmo  de'  Medici,  a 
popular  citizen  and  princely  merchant,  who  assumed  the 
first  place  in  the  state.  On  the  fall  of  the  republic,  in  the 
sixteenth  century,  a  member  of  a  lateral  branch  of  the 
Medici,  the  line  of  Cosmo  having  become  extinct,  was 
made  Duke  of  Florence  by  Charles  V.  The  Medici  con- 
tinued to  rule  till  the  year  1737,  when,  becoming  extinct, 
they  were  succeeded  bj'  Francis  of  Lorraine,  afterwards 
Emperor  of  Germany.  Florence  was  the  capital  of  Tus- 
cany until  1859,  and  the   capital  of  Italy  from  1860  to 

1871.     Pop.  in  1881,  134,992;   in  1891,  191,453. Adj. 

and  inhab.  Flobentine,  flor'en-tino. 

Florence,  a  fertile  and  well-cultivated  province  of 
Italy,  in  Tuscany,  traversed  by  the  Appennines  and  the  Arno. 
Area,  2263  square  miles.     Capital,  Florence.     Pop.  819,531. 


KLO 


1186 


FLO' 


Flor'encef  a  pcwt-TilUKe,  oaptUl  of  Landcrdale  oo., 
AU.,  on  the  north  bank  of  tho  TcnnoMoe  Kivor  (hero 
crossed  by  »  bridge),  at  the  heiul  of  stoniuboat  navigation, 
anil  nt  the  lower  end  of  tho  Munolo  Shoiil*,  about  7U  miles 
W.  of  Ilitutsville.  A  branch  railroad  nearly  6  miles  long 
ooanect<  Florence  with  Tusoumbiih  a  ftatiun  on  the  Mem- 
phis A  Charleston  Kailroitd.  It  has  a  normal  college.  9 
churches,  4  newspaper  offices,  a  seminary  for  girls,  called 
Florenoe  Synodioal  College,  a  furnace,  and  2  cotton- 
faotoriat.     Pop.  in  ISUO.  6U12. 

FlorencCta  post-village,  capital  of  Pinal  co.,  Arizona, 
on  the  Qila  River,  235  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  75  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Tucson.  It  has  a  United  States  land-oifioo,  a 
bank,  a  public  school,  2  churches,  a  smclting-furnaue  for 
silver,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Here  is  an  ancient  ruin 
called  Casa  Grande.     Pop.  in  1890,  US6. 

Florence^  a  post-hamlet  of  Brew  oo.,  Ark.,  1.3  miles 
(direct)  N.  by  E.  of  Montioello.  It  has  a  church,  an  aoad- 
einy.  2  saw-mills,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Florence,  a  post-village  of  Los  Angeles  oo.,  Cal.,  6 
miles  S.  of  the  city  of  Los  Angeles.     It  has  a  church. 

Florence*  a  post-hamlet  of  Fremont  co.,  Col.,  on  Ar- 
kansas Uiver,  S  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Canon  City.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  bank,  high  and  district  schools,  2  newspaper 
offices,  and  oil-works.     Pop.  about  700. 

Florence)  a  post-village  of  Stewart  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Chattahoochee  River,  about  32  miles  S.  of  Columbus.  It 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  100. 

Florence*  a  post-office  and  mininj^-camp  of  Idaho  co., 
Idaho,  is  about  160  miles  N.  of  liois6  City,  near  the  Salmon 
River  Mountains,  at  an  elevation  of  11,100  feet.  Uold  is 
found  here. 

Florence*  a  post-hamlct  of  Pike  co.,  111.,  on  the  Illi- 
nois River,  about  24  miles  W.S.W.  of  Jacksonville. 

Florence*  a  township  of  Stephenson  co.,  III.  Pop. 
11S5.     It  contains  Florence  Station. 

Florence*  a  township  of  \yill  co..  111.     Pop.  875. 

Florence*  a  post-village  of  Switzerland  co.,  Ind.,  in 
York  township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  60  miles  below  Cincin- 
nati, and  about  28  miles  above  Madison.  It  bos  a  church, 
a  flouring-mill,  and  a  barrel-factory. 

Florence*  a  post-village  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa,  in  Flor- 
ence township,  near  Prairie  Creek,  and  on  the  Chicago  & 
Northwestern  Railroad,  15  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Cedar  Ila]>id3. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  grist-mill.  Large 
quantities  of  grain  and  stock  are  shipped  here.  The  name 
of  its  stiUion  is  Norway.     Pop.  313;  of  the  township,  1101. 

Florence*  a  post-vilhige  of  Marion  co.,  Kansas,  on 
Cottonwood  Creek,  and  on  the  Atchison,  Topcka  Sc  Santa 
F6  Railroad,  28  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Newton,  45  miles  by 
rail  S.  by  W.  of  Emporia,  and  10  miles  S.  of  Marion.  It 
has  5  churches,  a  bank,  flour-mills,  graded  schools,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1880,  954;  in  1890,  1229. 

Florence*  a  post-village  of  Boone  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Cin- 
cinnati Southern  Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Cincinnati.  It 
has  6  churches,  a  common  school,  and  manufactures  of  car- 
riages.    Pop.  about  300. 

Florence*  a  post-office  of  Howard  co.,  Md. 

Florence,  a  post-village  of  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  on 
Mill  River,  and  on  the  New  Haven  &  Northampton  Railroad, 
within  the  limits  of  the  city  of  Northampton,  and  about 
20  miles  N.  by  \V.  from  Springfield.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
savings-bank,  and  manufactures  of  sewing  machines,  sew- 
ing-silk, tacks,  silk  underwear,  tooth-brushes,  oil-stoves, 
guns,  and  other  goods.     Pop.  about  2800. 

Florence*  a  post-township  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Mich., 
about  30  miles  S.  of  Kalamazoo,  is  drained  by  the  St.  Joseph 
River.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  915.  Florence  Station  is 
on  the  Kalamazoo  division  of  the  Michigan  Southern  Rail- 
road, 29  miles  S.  of  Kalamazoo. 

Florence*  a  township  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minn.,  bounded 
N.E.  by  Lake  Pepin.     Pop.  951, 

Florence*  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  Mo.,  about  15 
miles  S.E.  of  Sedalia.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  pottery. 

Florence*  a  post-village  of  Douglas  co.,  Neb.,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  and  on  the  Omaha  <k  Northwestern  Railroad, 
6  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Omaha.     It  has  a  church. 

Florence*  a  post-village  in  Florence  township,  Bur- 
lington CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Camden 
&  Amboy  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Bordentown,  and  24 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  4  churches,  an  iron- 
foundry,  pipe-works,  thread-works,  and  a  brick -yard. 

Florence*  a  post-village  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Flor- 
ence township,  8  miles  N.  of  Camden,  and  about  36  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Syracuse.  It  contains  2  churches,  a  saw-mill,  a 
flour-mill,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  tannery. 

Florence,  a  post-village  of  Erie  co.,  0.,  in  Florence 


township,  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Sandusky  City,  and  A  mtlei 
from  LaKo  Hiie.  It  has  a  high  school,  a  cheese- t'neiory,  and 
several  churches.  Tho  township  contains  a  village  uuuiod 
Biniiinghnm,  has  4  churches,  and  a  |iop.  of  1341. 

Florence*  a  station  in  Madison  co.,  0.,  on  tho  Little 
Miami  Railroad,  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Columbus. 

Florence*  a  post- village  of  Lane  eo.,  Oregon,  at  tho 
mouth  of  the  Siuslaw  River,  51  miles  (direct)  W.  by  8,  of 
Eugene.  It  has  2  churches,  3  salmon-canneries,  4  saw- 
mills, and  a  newspa])er  oQioe.     Pop.  444. 

Florence*  a  post-village  of  Washington  eo..  Pa.,  24 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Florence*  a  post-village  and  railroad  junction  of  Flor- 
ence CO.,  S.C  ,  39  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Sumter  Court-House, 
21  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Marion,  and  10  miles  by  rail  S.  by  U, 
of  Darlington  Court-House.  It  has  7  churches,  3  banks,  a 
graded  school,  a  eotton-oil  mill,  a  sash-  and  blind-factory, 
and  2  newsjiaper  offices.     Pop.  3395. 

Florence*  a  post-village  of  Williamson  co.,  Tex.,  about 
44  miles  N.  of  Austin.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  and 
a  ilour-mill. 

Florence,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  W.  Va.,  65 
miles  S.  of  Clarksburg. 

Florence*  a  post-village,  capital  of  Florence  co..  Wis., 

25  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Iron  River,  Mich.,  and  65  miles 
(direct)  N.W.  of  Marinette.  It.  has  6  churches,  a  bank,  a 
high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  441. 

Flor'ence*  or  Victo'rin  (also  called  Zone  Mills), 
a  post-village  in  Lnmbton  co..  Ontario,  on  tho  East  Branch  of 
Sydenham  River,  16  miles  W.  of  Newbury.  It  has  giist-, 
shingle-,  and  carding. mills,  and  potash-  and  soap-factories. 

Florence  Station*  a  post-hamlet  of  Stephenson  co., 
III.,  in  Florence  township,  on  the  Western  Union  Railroad, 
8  miles  S.W.  of  Frceport. 

Florence  Station,  a  post-office  of  McCrackcn  co., 
Ky.,  on  the  Paducah  &  Memphis  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of 
Paducah. 

Florence  Station*  a  post-hamlet  of  Rutherford  co., 
Tcnn.,  on  the  Nashville  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  20  miles 
S.E.  of  Niishville.  Cotton  and  grain  are  shipped  here. 
The  battle  of  Stone's  River  was  fought  nearly  2  miles  from 
this  station,  December  31,  1 802- January  2,  1863. 

Flor'enceville*  a  post-office  of  Upson  co.,  Ga. 

Florcnccville,  a  jiost-offico  of  Howard  co.,  Iowa, 

Flor'enceville,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  co..  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  river  St.  John,  20  miles  N.  of  Wood- 
stock.    Pup.  350. 

Florenccville  East,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  co., 
New  Brunswick,  on  the  New  Brunswick  Railway,  and  on 
the  river  St.  John,  opposite  Florenccville.     Pop.  180. 

Florensac,  floV6N»'sik',  a  town  of  France,  in  H^rault, 

26  miles  S.W.  of  Montpellier.     Pop.  3833. 
Florentia,  or  Florcntia  Tuscorum.    See  FLon- 

ENCK. 

Florentia,  tho  ancient  name  of  FionExzuoLO. 

Florenz,  the  German  name  of  Florknck. 

Florcs,  flo'rfls,  Floris*  flo'rls,  Ende,in'dA,  Illand- 
firei,  mind-fee'ri,  or  Mangarai,  an  island  of  the  Malay 
Archipelago,  and  the  largest  of  the  chain  that  extends  from 
Java  to  Timor,  mostly  between  lat.  8°  and  9°  S.  and  Ion. 
120°  and  123°  E.  Length,  from  W.  to  E.,  about  200  miles; 
average  breadth,  35  miles.  Surface  hilly,  and  on  its  S 
side  are  several  lofty  volcanic  peaks.  Cotton  of  good  staple 
is  raised,  but  the  chief  exports  are  sandal-wood,  bees-wa.\, 
horses,  and  dyewoods.  The  native  inhabitants  are  a  dark 
curly-haired  race,  who  occupy  all  the  islands  hence  E.  to 
Timor  Laut,  in  Ion.  131°  E. ;  on  tho  coast  aro  several  colo- 
nies of  Malays  and  Boogis,  which  latter  possess  the  valuable 
port  of  End6,  on  the  S.  coast.  At  its  E.  extremity  is  La- 
rantuca,  a  Portuguese  station.  The  Strait  of  Florcs,  on  the 
E..  separates  this  island  from  Solor  and  Adenara. 

Flores,  flo'ris,  the  most  W.  of  the  Azores.  Lat.  .39° 
25'  N.;  Ion.  31°  12'  W,  Surface  mountainous,  but  fertile; 
shores  steep.  The  products  comprise  wheat,  rj-c,  }-ams, 
fruits,  cedar-wood,  archil,  and  manufactured  woollen  stuffs. 
Principal  towns,  Santa  Cruz  and  Lagens.     Pop.  10,508. 

Flores,  Argentine  Republic.  Seo  Caumen  de  i.A8 
Floues. 

Flores,  flo'rfls,  an  island  of  the  Plata  estuary,  22  luilag 
E.  of  Montevideo.     Lat.  34°  50'  S.;  Ion.  55°  55'  AV. 

Flores,  flo'rSs,  an  island  in  tho  North  Pacific  Ocean,  off 
the  W.  coast  of  Vancouver  Island.  Lat.  49°  20'  N.;  Ion. 
126°  10'  W.     It  is  16  miles  long, 

Flores,  flo'rJs,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  and  280  milM 
N.E.  of  Goyaz,  near  the  Parang.     Pop.  2400. 

Flores  Head,  or  Iron  Cape,  tho  most  N.E.  poia* 
of  Flores  Island.    Lat.  8°  1'  S.j  Ion.  122°  50'  E. 


FLO 


1187 


FLO 


Flores  Sea,  that  part  of  the  South  Pacific  Ocean  lying 
N.  of  the  island  of  Flores,  and  S.  of  the  island  of  Celebes, 
extending  from  N.  to  S.  upwards  of  three  degrees  of  latitude. 
It  is  interspersed  with  numerous  islets  and  coral  reefs. 

Flo'resville,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Wilson  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  San  Antonio  River,  iJU  luiies  S.E.  of  San  Antonio, 
and  about  95  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Austin.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  a  high  school. 

Flo'reyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rooks  co.,  Kansas,  .30 
miles  N.  of  Hays  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Floreyville,  or  llosedalc,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Bolivar  co.,  Miss.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  2  miles  from 
Rivcrton  Station.  It  has  a  printing-office  and  2  churches. 
Roscdale  is  the  j)ost-office  name. 

Florian,  fio^re-in',  or  Floriaiia,  flo-re-3,'n3,,  a  suburb 
of  La  Valetta,  in  Malta.  Hero  are  the  residences  of  many 
Knglish  families,  with  Protestant  burial-grounds,  barracks,  a 
botanic  garden,  and  a  house  of  industry  for  female  children. 

Flor'id,  a  post-villago  of  Putnam  co..  111.,  in  Henne- 
pin township,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Bureau  Junction.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  nurserj-. 

Florida,  flor'§-da  (Sp.  pron.  flo-ree'nJ),  the  southeast- 
ernmost  state  of  the  American  Union,  consisting  mainly  of 
a  peninsula,  which,  with  the  opposite  peninsula  of  Yucatan 
and  the  intervening  AV.  portion  of  the  island  of  Cuba,  forms 
the  eastern  barrier  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  converting  that 
body  of  water  into  the  Mediterranean  of  the  New  World. 
The  state  is  bounded  N.  by  Alabama  and  Georgia,  E.  by  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  S.  by  the  Straits  of  Bimini  and  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico,  and  W.  by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  Alabama. 
Area,  58,680  square  miles.  Its  extreme  limits  are  in  lat. 
24°  30'  and  31°  N.  and  79°  48'  and  87°  38'  W.  (Greenwich). 
Its  southern  keys  or  islets  are  the  southernmost  points  within 
the  limits  of  the  United  States. 

Face  of  the  Coitntnj. — The  whole  peninsula  (275  miles 
long  and  90  miles  in  average  breadth)  is  low,  having  few 
hills  which  attain  the  heiglit  of  200  feet  above  sea-level. 
The  surface  is  considerably  diversified  by  low  elevations,  and 
everywhere  forest  trees  abound,  except  in  portions  of  the 
Everglades  and  upon  the  sandy  keys  oflF  the  coast.  There 
arc  innumerable  lakes,  of  which  the  largest  is  the  shallow 
Okeechobee  in  the  S.  Swamps  and  marslies  are  numerous. 
Of  these  we  may  notice  the  Everglades  in  the  S.,  covering 
more  than  two  million  acres,  the  Kissimee  and  Cypress 
swamps,  N.  of  Lake  Okeechobee,  and  the  Okefinokee  swamp, 
which  is  mostly  in  the  state  of  Georgia,  but  extends  south- 
ward into  this  state  for  a  considerable  distance.  Springs 
are  abundant,  and  often  discharge  copious  supplies  of 
water,  and  in  many  cases  the  waters  have  saline  and  other 
mineral  constituents  which  impart  valuable  sanative  quali- 
ties. It  is  believed  that  the  fables  once  current  in  Spanish 
and  Indian  legends  regarding  the  Fountain  of  Youth  had 
reference  to  some  one  or  more  of  these  medicinal  springs. 
Methods  for  reclaiming  the  swamp-lands  in  the  S.,  by  afford- 
ing an  outlet  for  the  waters  of  Lake  Okeechobee,  were  dis- 
cussed for  many  years,  and,  in  January,  1881,  the  state  made 
a  contract  with  a  syndicate  of  Philadelphia  capitalists  to 
put  such  a  scheme  into  practical  operation,  the  land  thus 
reclaimed  to  be  shared  by  both  parties.  After  several  years 
the  work  was  successfully  consummated.  Water  commu- 
nication was  established  between  Kissimmee  City  in  the 
centre  of  the  peninsula  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  by  way 
of  Kissimmee  River,  Lake  Okeechobee,  several  smaller 
lakes,  and  Caloosahatchee  River.  Millions  of  acres  were 
reclaimed,  and  portions  of  the  state  before  inaccessible 
were  opened  for  development.  At  the  same  time  a  company 
was  formed  to  establish  an  inland  route  of  water  communi- 
cation from  the  mouth  of  the  St.  John's  River  to  Biscayne 
Bay.  This  water  highway,  270  miles  in  length,  utilizes 
Pablo  Creek,  North,  Matanzas,  Halifax,  and  Indian  Rivers. 
There  are  numerous  rivers,  several  of  which  (the  St.  John's, 
the  Ocklawaha,  the  Appalachicola,  the  St.  Mary's,  <fec.) 
are  navigated  by  steamers.  The  scenery  on  the  St.  John's 
is  remarkably  beautiful.  The  coast-lino  extends  nearly 
1200  miles.  There  are  numerous  bays,  sounds,  and  lagoons, 
l>articularly  along  the  Gulf  coast ;  and  they  are  generally 
shut  in  from  the  sea  by  keys  and  low  spits  composed  of  sand, 
broken  coral,  and  shells.  A  few  of  the  southern  keys  are 
covered  with  hard,  rocky  knolls.  Many  are  grassy  or  clothed 
with  a  jungle  of  shrubs  and  trees  which  are  AVcst  Indian 
rather  than  continental  in  character ;  and  some  of  the  keys 
have  a  good  soil.  The  principal  harbors  and  ports  are  Fer- 
nandina,  Jacksonville  on  the  St.  John's,  and  St.  Augustine, 
on  the  E.  coast ;  Key  West,  in  the  S. :  Charlotte  Harbor, 
Tampa  Bay,  Cedar  Keys,  St.  Mark's,  Punta  Rassa,  Ai)pa- 
lachicola.  and  Pensacola,  on  the  Gulf  side. 

Ueolo(jij  and  Jfiiicrai«.— Except  a  long. narrow  strip  of  the 


tertiary  extending  along  the  northern  boundary,  Florida  is 
entirely  of  post-tertiary  origin,  and  is  mainly  based  upon 
coral-beds,  which,  according  to  Agassiz,  have  gradually  ex- 
tended southward,  during  a  period  of  not  less  than  50,000 
years,  and  have  not  yet  finished  their  growth,  the  southern 
keys  enclosing  a  shallow  sound  which  seems  destined  to  be 
changed  to  a  marshy  everglade  and  ultimately  to  become 
dry  land.  The  principal  mineral  products  of  the  state  are 
shell  and  coral  limestone;  eoquinn,  a  useful  shell-conglom- 
erato  employed  as  a  building-material;  clay  suitable  for 
making  pottery  and  bricks ;  and  a  peaty  material  which  is 
abundant  in  the  swamps  and  low  hammocks,  but  is  not 
utilized  for  any  industrial  purpose.  Bog-iron  ore  is  reported 
to  exist  in  the  interior.  'The  fossil  remains  of  extinct  ani- 
mals found  in  various  portions  of  the  state  have  led  to  the 
belief  that  phosphate  deposits  existed.  The  actual  dis- 
covery of  valuable  phosphate  rocks  was  announced  by  the 
state  geologist  in  1887,  and  in  1889  companies  were  formed 
to  mine  what  appears  to  be  an  almost  inexhaustible  supply 
of  the  richest  fertilizer  yet  discovered.  Deposits  occur  in 
Citrus,  Marion,  Wakulla,  Jefferson,  and  other  counties. 

Animal  Life. — Florida  is  a  groat  resort  for  the  liunter  and 
fishernmn.  Among  the  game  animals  are  deer,  a  small 
variety  of  the  black  bear,  the  raccoon,  and  the  opossum. 
Alligators  abound  in  lakes  and  streams,  and  a  true  crocodile 
is  said  to  exist  in  the  south.  The  manatee,  or  sea-cow,  a 
large  Sirenian,  which  formerly  browsed  in  great  numbers 
along  the  shores,  is  now  not  common.  Wild  turkeys  are 
abundant,  and  waterfowl  and  other  game  birds  are  extremely 
plentiful  in  the  more  remote  sections  of  the  state.  Many 
birds  seldom  seen  elsewhere  in  the  United  .States  make  this 
state  their  resort.  Among  the  valuable  food  fishes  are  shad, 
black  and  other  bass,  sheepshead,  mullet,  grouper,  &c.  The 
green  turtle  is  often  taken  among  the  keys.  Sharks  of  large 
size  haunt  the  shores.  Rattlesnakes  and  other  dangerous 
serpents  are  common,  and  in  the  marshy  region  the  insect 
tribes  are  at  certain  seasons  very  annoying.  In  the  south- 
ern sounds  the  taking  of  sponges  is  an  important  industry. 
Mucli  of  the  wild  land  is  well  adapted  to  pasturage. 

Soil,  Vc(jetation,  Aijricultnre. — All  qualities  of  soil  are 
found,  from  the  pine  barrens,  which  produce  little  besides 
lumber  and  forest  products,  to  the  fertile  hammock  lands, 
some  of  which  are  as  productive  as  any  soil  in  the  world. 
When  ditched  and  drained,  the  swamp  lands  are  often  very 
valuable.  Next  in  value  are  the  "low  hammock"  lands, 
which  are  highly  prized  and  very  prolific.  The  great  "  Gulf 
hammock"  is  a  large  tract  in  the  W.,  especially  adapted  to 
the  growth  of  sugar-cane.  "  High  hammock"  lands  are 
less  durable  and  require  more  fertilizing  than  the  lower 
lands,  but  are  perhaps  better  adapted  to  general  culture,  and 
are  more  healthful;  and  even  the  light  sandy  pine,  hickory, 
and  oak  lands,  properly  treated  with  manures  and  judici- 
ously managed,  will  in  many  parts  of  the  state  yield  profit- 
able crops.  The  natural  vegetation  of  Florida  is  very  rich, 
and  the  state  is  capable  of  affording  abundant  supplies  of 
timber  and  forest  products.  The  long-leaved  pine,  the  ex- 
cellent (evergreen)  live-oak,  juniper  or  red  cedar,  hickory, 
and  other  timbers  are  extensively  sawn  and  exported. 
Among  the  rare  trees  is  the  Torreya,  or  stinking  yew;  and 
in  the  extreme  S.  grow  the  mahogany,  the  deadly  manchi- 
ncel,  Jamaica  kino,  the  cachibou  gum-tree,  the  satin-wood, 
the  lignum-vitaj,  the  Indian  almond  tree,  the  eocoanut,  tho 
canella,  and  other  trees  which  are  seen  nowhere  else  in  the 
United  States.  Several  species  of  palmetto  are  found  in 
Florida.  The  Zamia  iutecjrifolia,  a  curious  cj'cad,  grows  in 
tho  S.E.  abundantly,  and  from  its  root  a  starch  called  Flor- 
ida arrowroot  has  been  produced.  Of  cotton,  both  the  long 
and  the  short  staple  kinds  are  grown.  Sugar-cane  is  chiefly 
raised  along  the  Gulf  coast.  Indian  corn  and  rice  are  the 
principal  cereals,  and  the  latter  grain  is  well  adapted  to  the 
climate  and  soils  of  Florida.  An  important  and  lucrative 
industry  of  late  is  the  cultivation  of  early  garden  vegetables 
for  the  Northern  markets.  The  vine  grows  here  to  perfec- 
tion, and  some  attention  has  been  given  to  the  manufacture 
of  wine.  A  great  deal  of  capital  has  been  profitably  in- 
vested in  the  planting  of  orange-groves.  The  orange  grows 
wild  here,  and  in  the  central  and  southern  parts  of  the  state 
there  is  no  fear  of  killing  frosts.  The  oranges  of  Florida 
are  of  excellent  quality.  Figs,  limes,  lemons,  guavas,  pome- 
granates, olives,  and  other  subtropical  fruits  do  finely  in  the 
larger  portion  of  the  state.  In  the  S.  are  grown  pineapples, 
ban.anas,  <fec.  Tobacco  is  largely  grown.  The  rearing  of 
neat  cattle  is  a  very  important  occupation  in  the  S.  and  W. 
The  cattle  are  small,  and  are  mostly  shipped  alive  to  Ha- 
vana.    The  pasture-grasses  are  inexhaustibly  abundant. 

The  climate  is  singularly  equable;  the  state  lies  so  far 
S.  that  it  very  rarely  experiences  severe  cold,  and  its  sum- 


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1188 


FLO 


tn«r  heat  is  tempered  and  qu»1ifle<l  by  the  scan  on  either 
hand.  Notwithstandini;  the  oopions  rainfall,  there  are  oo- 
caaional  Bevoro  droughts.  Mivny  thousands  yearly  make 
Florida  a  winter  resort;  and  larj;©  numbers  of  oonsump- 
tlTee  and  other  invalids  have  found  the  climate  of  tho  dry 
pine  rcf^ions  very  beneficial.  Malarial  and  remittent  fevers 
prevail  in  some  sections ;  and  yellow  fever  ia  an  oocRsional 
visitant  of  tho  seaports. 

Miiuii/nrlHret,  <vc. — The  manufacture  of  pine  lumber, 
spars,  live-oak  sl>ip-timber,  and  naval  stores  (rosin,  tar,  oil  of 
turpentine,  Ac),  tho  taking  and  j)repanition  of  sponges  for 
market,  and  tho  cigar-manufacture  (of  which  Key  West  is 
the  seat),  are  all  industries  of  importance.  Pcnsacula  is  now 
the  principal  seat  of  tho  lumber-trade.  Juniper  (red  cedar) 
winuow-sash  is  manufactured  to  some  extent  for  the  general 
market  at  several  points.  The  fisheries  employ  sonic  capital, 
chiefly  in  the  south.  Salt  is  made  by  solar  evaporation,  and 
cotton-seed  oil  and  oil-cako  are  made  and  oNportod.  Alli- 
gator skins  are  prepared  for  the  manufacture  of  boots  and 
shoes  quite  largely.  Palmetto  hats  and  braids  are  impor- 
tant articles  of  domestic  manufacture. 

Raili-oadg, — The  railroad  facilities  of  Florida  have  in- 
orea8o<l  in  recent  years  to  a  remarkable  degree.  There  were 
in  18«1  24110  miles  of  railroad  in  tho  state. 

Education. — The  public  school  system  is  supported  by  a 
fund  accruing  from  the  sale  of  public  school  lands,  and 
amounting  in  1889  to  $565,38'1.25,  by  state  and  county 
taxes,  by  the  Peabody  fund,  and  by  other  contributions. 
The  public  institutions  for  higher  education  are  the  Florida 
Agricultural  and  Mechaniciil  College  at  Lake  City,  two 
state  seminaries, — one  at  Gainsville,  the  other  at  Talla.- 
hassee, — a  state  normal  school  for  white  teachers  at  De 
Funiak  Springs,  and  another  for  colored  teachers  at  Tal- 
lahassee. There  are  137  private  and  denominational  insti- 
tutions of  various  grades,  several  of  them  for  the  higher 
education  of  negroes.  Among  the  most  importjint  are 
Rollin's  College  at  Winter  Park  (Congregational),  the  John 
Stetson  University  at  Do  Land  (Baptist),  and  two  Metho- 
dist colleges, — one  at  Leesburg  and  the  other  at  Orange. 

Counties  and  Toicns. — There  are  45  counties,  namely, 
Alachua,  Baker,  Bradford,  Brevard,  Cnlboun,  Citrus,  Clay, 
Columbia,  Dade,  De  Soto,  Duval,  Escambia,  Franklin, 
Gadsden,  Hamilton,  Hernando,  Hillsborough,  Holmes,  Jack- 
son, Jefferson,  Lafayette,  Lake,  Lee,  Leon,  Levy,  Liberty, 
Madison,  Manatee,  Marion,  Monroe,  Nassau,  Orange,  Osce- 
ola, Pasco,  Polk,  Putnam,  Saint  John's,  Santa  Rosa,  Sumter, 
Suwanee,  Taylor,  Volusia,  Wakulla,  Walton,  and  Washing- 
ton. Among  the  important  towns  are  Tallahassee,  the 
capital  (pop.  in  1890,  2933);  Key  West  (18,080),  Jackson- 
ville (17,201),  Pensacola,  the  seat  of  a  United  States  navy- 
yard  (11,750);  St.  Augustine,  probably  the  oldest  town  in 
the  United  States ;  Fernandina,  Palatka,  Orlando,  Lake 
City,  Tampa,  and  Ocala. 

Conititution,  dec. — The  first  constitution  of  the  state  was 
adopted  in  1845  ;  another  in  18G5 ;  that  now  in  force,  in 
1868.  It  asserts  in  tho  strongest  terms  tho  principles 
which  controlled  the  "reconstruction  policy"  of  the  United 
States  government  from  1865  to  1870,  and  in  equally  strong 
l.inguage  repudiates  the  principles  of  the  old  state-rights 
partj'.  The  governor  is  chosen  for  a  term  of  four  years,  as 
are  the  state  senators,  24  in  number;  while  the  53  members 
of  the  assembly  (the  lower  house)  are  elected  for  two  years. 
Voters  must  have  resided  in  the  state  one  year,  and  in  the 
county  six  months.  Judges  are  appointed  for  life  by  tho 
governor,  and  are  removable  for  misconduct.  Florida  sends 
two  members  to  the  United  States  house  of  representatives. 

History. — Discovered  in  1512  by  Juan  Ponce  de  Leon,  it 
was  named  Florida  either  on  account  of  the  profusion  of 
wild  flowers  he  found  upon  its  savannahs,  or  because  he 
landed  upon  the  pascua  Jlorida,  or  "  flowery  Easter,"  of  tliat 
year.  The  name  was  by  the  Spanish  writers  of  that  day 
given  to  a  great  territory  lying  to  the  N.  and  W.  also. 
Here  Ponce  made  a  tedious  and  bootless  quest  in  search  of 
the  Fountain  of  Youth,  which  should  renew  his  strength 
and  beauty.  Later  expeditions  were  made  by  the  same 
explorer  in  1516,  by  Vasquez  in  1520,  by  Verazzani  in  1523, 
by  De  Oaray  in  1524,  and  by  the  unfortunate  DoNarvaez  in 
1528.  Fernando  de  Soto  marched,  1539-42,  through  Florida 
to  tho  Mississippi,  and  there  died. 

In  1565,  Menendez  banged,  as  heretics,  tho  members  of  a 
French  Huguenot  colony  planted  in  1564  where  St.  Augus- 
tine stands ;  and  in  a  short  time  a  French  ofiicer  avenged 
their  murder  by  hanging  their  Spanish  successors  to  the 
same  trees.  The  permanent  settlement  (Spanish)  of  St.  Au- 
gustine dates  from  1565.  In  1696  the  French  founded  Pen- 
tacola.  St.  Augustine  was  often  attacked  and  once  (1586) 
eaptured  by  English  forces.    From  1763   to   1783,  Great 


Britain  possessed  tho  country,  when  by  treaty  it  passed 
again  into  Spanish  occupation.  In  1812  and  1818,  Jack- 
son occupied  Pensacola;  and  in  1819  the  United  Statei 
acquired  the  whole  region  by  treaty,  including  also  the 
Spanish  colony  of  West  Florida,  which  extended  from  the 
river  Pcrdido  westward  to  the  Mississippi, — the  j)roHcnt 
state  of  Florida  being  the  "  East  Florida"  of  the  Spaniards. 
In  1822  the  territorial  government  was  organized.  In  1835 
began  the  terrible  and  costly  war  with  the  Seminole  In- 
dians, whose  remnants  in  1846  were  for  the  ni().«t  part 
induced  to  remove  to  the  Indian  Territory.  Tho  state  was 
admitted  to  the  Union  in  1845,  and  passed  an  ordinance  of 
secession  in  1861.  In  1864  the  national  troops  were  badly 
defeated  at  Olustee.  In  1865  a  new  constitution  was  formed, 
but  the  state  was  not  re-ndmitted  to  representation  in  Con- 
gress until  1868.  Since  1865  there  has  been  a  large  immi- 
gration from  the  North,  and  for  more  than  half  the  year  a 
great  number  of  invalids  and  others  make  Florida  their 
temporary  abode,  on  account  of  its  agreeable  and  healthful 
winter  climate. 

I'opulation,  in  18.30,  .34,730;  In  1840,  54,477;  in  1850, 
87,445;  in  1860,  140,424;  in  1870,  188.248,  including 
91,689  colored  people  and  602  Indians.  The  latter  live 
principally  in  the  morasses  of  the  far  south.  The  popula- 
tion in  1880  was  269,493;  in  1890,  391,422. 

Florida,  a  jmst-ofiice  of  La  Plata  co..  Col, 

Florida,  a  ]>ost-hatuIet  of  Madison  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of 
Anderson. 

Florida,  a  township  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.,  bounded  W.  by 
the  river  Wabash.     Pop.  2110. 

Florida,  a  post-township  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  ig 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Deerfield  River,  and  traversed  by 
the  Hoosac  Tunnel.  It  contains  a  village  named  Hoosao 
Tunnel,  on  the  Vermont  <t  Massachusetts  Railroad,  7  miles 
E.  of  North  Adams.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  in  1S90,  436. 
yj  Florida,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  Mo.,  is  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Middle  and  North  Forks  of  Salt  River, 
about  24  miles  N.  of  Mexico.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank, 
district  schools,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  124. 

Florida,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y.,  lying  on 
the  Erie  Canal,  S.  of  the  Mohawk.  It  contains  Fort  llunler, 
Minaville,  Fort  Jackson,  and  Scotch  Bush.     Pop.  2296. 

Florida,  a  post- village  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on  a  branch 
of  the  Erie  Railroad,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Goshen,  and  about 
60  miles  N.W.  of  New  York.  It  contains  3  churches,  a 
butter-  and  clieese- factory,  and  the  S.  S.  Seward  Seminary. 
This  was  the  native  place  of  the  statesuian  William  H.  Sew- 
ard, whose  father.  Judge  S.  S.  Seward,  here  founded  a  sem- 
inary and  endowed  it  with  $20,000.     Pop.  about  750. 

Florida,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  0.,  in  Flat  Bock 
township,  on  the  Mauraee  River,  and  on  the  Wabai'li  It 
Erie  Canal,  9  miles  below  Defiance,  and  2 J  miles  from 
Okolona  Station.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  graded  school. 

Florida  Bay,  a  body  of  water  at  the  S.  end  of  Florida, 
between  Florida  Reefs  and  the  mainland. 

Florida,  Gulf  of.  See  Bahama  Channel,  and  Gulp 
Sthkam. 

Florida  Reefs  (or  Keys),  an  almost  continuous  chain 
of  small  islands  and  sand-banks,  reefs,  or  keys,  extending 
from  Capo  Florida  in  a  S.W.  direction  for  a  distance  of  220 
miles,  the  whole  lying  in  a  bow  or  curve.  They  are  very 
numerous.  Among  the  principal  may  be  mentioned  Key 
or  Cayo  Largo  and  Cayo  llueso  (Bone  Key,  Thorajison's 
Island,  or  Key  West),  on  which  the  city  of  Key  West  is  built. 

Floridia,  flo-ree'de-8,,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  and  7 
miles  W.  of  Syracuse.     Pop.  8492. 

Floridsdorf,  flo'rits-doBf,  called  also  Florisdorf, 
flo'ris-doitf',  a  village  of  Lower  Austria,  4  miles  by  rail  N. 
of  Vienna.     Pop.  2873. 

Flor'in,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sacramento  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of  Sacramento. 

Florinas,  a  village  of  Sardinia.    See  Fiulinas. 

Flo'ris,  a  post-village  of  Davis  co.,  Iowa,  in  Lick 
Creek  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  <fc  Pacific 
Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Eldon,  and  about  14  miles  S.  of 
Otturawa.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  saw- 
mill.    Coal  is  found  here. 

Flor'isant,  a  post-village  of  St.  Louis  co..  Mo.,  near 
the  Missouri  River,  3  miles  from  Ferguson  Railroad  Station, 
and  about  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  a  church 
and  2  or  3  schools  ;  also  an  establishment  of  the  Jesuits, 
and  a  community  of  nuns  of  Loreto. 

Floris  Island,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Florf.r. 

Flor'issant,  a  post-office  of  El  Paso  co..  Col.,  36  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Colorado  Springs.  It  has  a  church,  a  news 
paper  office,  and  a  public  school.     Pop.  439. 


FLO 


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FLU 


Florsheim,  floRs'hime,  a  village  of  Prussia,  35  miles 
S.E.  of  Nassau,  on  the  Main.     Pop.  222.3. 

Florsheim,  or  Oberriorslieim,  o'b?r floRs'hime, 
a  town  of  Hesse,  24  miles  S.W.  of  Darmstadt.  It  is  an 
ancient  commnndery  of  the  Teutonic  order.     Pop.  1049. 

Flo'ta,  or  Flo'tay,  one  of  the  Orkney  Islands,  adja- 
cent to  Faray.  3  miles  in  length. 

Floiirs'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Tenn., 
8  miles  from  Jonesborough.    It  has  a  church  and  a  Hour-mill. 

Flour'town,  a  post- village  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  10 
miles  by  ri\il  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a  church.  Iron 
ore  is  mined  here. 

FloVil'la,  a  post-village  of  Butts  co.,  Ga.,  5  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Jackson.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  high 
school,  Ac.     Pop.  422. 

Flow'er  Cove,  a  fishing  hamlet  of  Newfoundland,  on 
the  S.W.  coast,  40  miles  from  Cape  Norman. 

Flower  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oceana  co.,  Mich., 
22  miles  S.W.  of  Hart.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Flow'erfield,  a  post-village  in  Flowerfield  township, 
St.  Joseph  CO.,  Mich.,  is  on  Stony  Creek,  1  mile  from  the 
Lake  Shore  <fc  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  and  17  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Kalamazoo.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school, 
and  manufactures  of  flour,  vinegar,  Ac.  Pop.  210;  of  the 
township,  1419. 

Flower  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C. 

Flower's  Island  is  on  the  N.  side  of  Bonavista  Bay, 
Newfoundland.  9  miles  from  Green's  Pond.     Pop.  S2. 

Flowers  Place,  a  post-office  of  Smith  co.,  Miss. 

Flow'erton,  a  station  in  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  on  the 
Dorchester  <fc  Delaware  Railroad,  2  miles  W.  of  Seaford. 

Flow'erville,  a  post-office  of  White  co.,  Ind. 

Flow'ery  Branch,  a  post-village  of  Hall  co.,  Qa.,  44 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  2  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  high  school,  a  furniture-factory,  <fec.     P.  -350. 

Flow'ery  Mound,  a  post-office  of  Concordia  parish, La. 

Flowing  (flo'ing)  Spring,  a  station  in  Blair  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  (llollidaysburg  &  Williams- 
burg Branch),  9  miles  E.  of  llollidaysburg. 

Floy,  a  post-office  of  Do  Kalb  co.,  Ala. 

Floyd,  a  northwestern  county  of  Georgia,  bordering 
on  Alabama,  has  an  area  of  about  539  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Coosa  River  and  its  branches,  the  Etowah 
and  Oostenaula  Rivers,  which  unite  at  Rome  to  form  the 
Coosa.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  beautiful  mountain- 
scenery,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  of  the 
valleys  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  Among  the  minerals  of  this  county 
are  iron,  slate,  and  plumbago.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Rome  Railroad,  the  Eastern  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia 
Railroad,  and  the  Central  of  Georgia  Railroad,  all  of  which 
communicate  with  Rome,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 17,230; 
in  1880,  24,418;  in  1890,  28,391. 

Floyd,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Indiana,  has  an  area 
of  140  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the 
Ohio  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Indian  Creek.  The 
surface  is  hilly.  Among  its  prominent  features  are  steep 
hills  called  the  Knobs,  which  are  about  500  feet  high.  The 
soil  produces  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  oats.  Limestone  and 
slate  are  abundant  in  this  county,  which  also  has  plenty 
of  good  timber.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Louisville,  New 
Albany  &  Chicago,  Ohio  &  Mississippi,  Pennsylvania,  and 
other  railroads.  Capital,  New  Albany.  Pop.  in  1870, 
23,300;  in  1880,  24,590;  in  1890,  29,458. 

Floyd,  a  county  in  the  N.N.E.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an 
area  of  about  504  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Cedar 
and  Shell  Rock  Rivers,  which  run  southeastward  and  are 
nearly  parallel.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  prairies 
and  tracts  of  timber;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian 
corn,  oats,  hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  3  railroads, — the  Chicago,  Milwau- 
kee <fc  St.  Paul,  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  <fc  North- 
ern, and  the  Cedar  Falls  &  Minnesota  Branch  of  the  Illi- 
nois Central,  the  first-  and  last-named  roads  communicating 
with  Charles  City,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,768;  in 
1880,  14,677;  in  1890,  15,424. 

Floyd,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Kentucky,  has  an 
area  of  about  410  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
AVeft  Fork  of  Big  Sandy  River,  and  also  drained  by  Caney 
Creek.  The  surtace  is  hilly,  and  mostly  covered  with  for- 
ests ;  the  soil  is  adapted  to  pasturage.  Indian  corn  and 
pork  are  among  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  valu- 
able beds  of  coal.  Capital,  Prestonburg.  Pop.  in  1870, 
7877;  in  1880,  10,176;  in  1890,  11,256. 

Floyd,  a  county  in  the  Panhandle  of  Te.tas,  a  part  of 
the  Staked  Plain.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Catfish  Creek. 
Area,  1100  square  miles.     Pop.  in  1880,  3;  in  1890,  529. 


Floyd,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Virginia,  has  an 
area  of  about  444  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  a  small 
affluent  of  New  or  Kanawha  River,  and  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  and  S.E.  by  the  Blue  Ridge,  which  divides  it  from  Pat- 
rick and  Franklin  counties.  The  surface  is  partly  moun- 
tainous, and  mostly  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  adapted 
to  pasturage.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  butter 
are  the  staple  products.  Copper  is  said  to  be  found  here. 
Capital,  Floyd  Court-House.  Pop.  in  1870,  9824;  in  1880, 
13,255;  in  1890,  14,405. 

Floyd,  a  township  of  Warren  co..  111.     Pop.  841. 

Floyd,  a  post-village  of  Floyd  co.,  Iowa,  in  a  township 
of  the  same  name,  on  the  Red  Cedar  River,  and  on  the 
Cedar  Falls  &  Minnesota  Branch  of  the  Illinois  Central 
Railroad,  6  miles  above  Charles  City.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  graded  school,  a  bank,  a  creamery,  and  a  flouring-mill. 
The  township  has  also  a  station  (Floyd  Crossing)  on  the 
Iowa  &  Dakota  division  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St. 
Paul  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Charles  City.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  979. 

Floyd,  a  township  of  O'Brien  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  399. 

Floyd,  a  township  of  Sioux  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  246. 

Floyd,  a  township  of  Woodbury  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  60. 

Floyd,  a  post-village,  capital  of  West  Carroll  parish, 
La.,  on  the  navigable  Bayou  Macon,  44  miles  N.W.  of  Vicks- 
burg,  Miss.  It  has  a  church,  a  good  court-house,  a  saw- 
mill, and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  157. 

Floyd,  or  Floyd  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oneida 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Floyd  township,  about  10  miles  N.W.  of  Utica. 
It  has  a  church.  Pop.  95.  The  township  contains  Cam- 
roden,  and  has  4  cheese-factories  and  a  pop.  of  1144. 

Floyd  Court-Honse,or  Jack'sonville,theoapital 
of  Floyd  CO.,  Va.,  is  about  82  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lynchburg. 
It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  a  foundry,  and  a  manufac- 
tory of  spokes  and  handles.  Pop.  about  500.  The  name 
of  its  post-office  is  Floyd  Court-House. 

Floyd  Hill,  a  station  in  Clear  Creek  co..  Col.,  on  the 
Colorado  Central  Railroad,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Black  Hawk. 

Floyd's,  a  township  of  Horry  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  630. 

Floyd's,  a  township  of  Newberry  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  2133. 

Floyds'burg,  a  hamlet  of  Oldham  co.,  Ky.,  7  miles 
S.W.  of  La  Grange. 

Floyd's  Creek,  or  Floyd's  Fork,  Kentucky,  rises 
in  Shelby  co.,  runs  southward  through  Jefferson  co.,  and 
enters  the  East  Fork  of  Salt  River  at  Shepherdsville. 

Floyd's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Adair  co..  Mo. 

Floyd's  Fork,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ky.,  at 
Beckley  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Floyd's  Knobs,  Floyd  co.,  Ind.     See  Moori:svillk. 

Floyd  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Floyd  co.,  Ga. 

Floyd's  River  rises  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Iowa,  runs 
S.W.  through  Sioux  and  Plymouth  cos.,  and  enters  the 
Missouri  River  at  Sioux  City.     It  is  100  miles  long. 

Floyds'ville,  a  post-office  of  Crockett  co.,  Tenn. 

Fliielen,  flU'?-l§n,  or  Fliihlen,  flii'l§n,  a  village  of 
Switzerland,  canton  and  on  the  Lake  of  Uri,  2  miles  N.  of 
Altorf.  Here  is  a  chapel  erected  to  the  memory  of  William 
Tell  in  1388,  and  resorted  to  annually  by  a  large  concourse 
of  persons  in  Ascension  week.     Pop.  799. 

t  lume,  The,  a  place  of  summer  resort  in  the  Franco- 
nia  Mountains,  is  in  the  town  of  Lincoln,  Grafton  co.,  N.ll. 
A  small  stream  here  flows  for  600  feet  through  a  deep  caiion 
between  rocky  walls  some  65  feet  high,  and  a  huge  boulder 
is  suspended  between  the  walls  at  a  point  where  they  are 
not  more  than  10  feet  asunder.     It  is  10  miles  from  Littleton. 

Flumendosa,  floo-mfin-do'si  (anc.  Sx'plinH  f),  a  river 
of  Sardinia,  which,  after  a  S.  and  E.  course  of  60  miles, 
enters  the  sea  on  the  E.  coast,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Cagliari. 

Flumini-Majori,  floo'me-ne-mi-yo'rec,  a  village  on 
the  island  of  Sardinia,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Iglesias.     P.  2135. 

Flums,  flooms,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  23 
miles  S.  of  St.  Gall,  on  a  railway,  and  on  the  Seez.     P.  2783. 

Flunona,  a  village  of  Austria.    See  Fianosa. 

Flush'ing,  a  small  seaport  of  England,  co.  of  Cornwall, 
J  of  a  mile  N.  of  Falmouth. 

Flush'ing  (Dutch,  Vlissingen,  flis'sing-?n ;  Fr.  Fie*' 
tingne,  flds^siu"'),  a  fortified  seaport  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Zealand,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  island  of  Walcheren,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Western  Scheldt.  Lat.  of  the  light-house, 
51°  26'  4"  N. ;  Ion.  3°  34'  7"  E.  It  is  strongly  defended, 
and  has  2  harbors,  with  moles,  dock-yards,  wet-docks,  and 
an  observatory.  It  is  a  railway  terminus  and  the  seat 
of  an  admiralty  board,  and  has  an  extensive  trade,  its  port 
being  one  of  the  best  in  the  country.     Pop.  8929. 

Flush'ing,  a  post-village  of  Genesee  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 

Flint  River,  in  Flushing  township,  26  miles  by  rail  S.  of 

I  Saginaw,  and  9  miles  N.W.  of  Flint.     It  has  2  grist-mills 


FLU 


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FOL 


2  mw-mllli,  a  high  tohool,  2  churches,  a  hank,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  furniture-factory,  a  foundry,  and  a  planing-mill. 
Pop.  Wi  ;  of  the  township,  2444. 

FlaahinK,a  post-villuge  in  Flashing  township,  Queens 
eo.,  N.Y.,  on  Flushing  Creek,  an  inlet  of  Flushing  liny  (a 
part  of  Long  Island  Sound),  on  the  North  Shore  Branch 
of  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  about  9  miles  E.  of  New  York 
City.  Steam  ferry-boats  ply  regularly  between  College 
Point  and  92d  street.  New  York.  It  contains  2  banks,  8 
churches,  the  Flu^ihing  Institute,  St.  Mary's  Seminary,  St. 
Joseph's  Academy,  a  private  a»ylum  for  the  insane,  a  con- 
Tent,  and  1  daily  and  2  weekly  newspaper  offices.  Hero 
•re  several  largo  nurseries  and  gardens.  Pop.  in  IMUO, 
8483,  The  township  contains  also  College  Point,  Bay  Side, 
IVhitestonc,  and  Little  Neck,  and  has  manufactures  of  silk. 
India-rubber,  tin,  Ac.     Pop.  of  township,  19,80;{. 

Flushing,  a  post-village  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  .18  miles 
by  rail  S.S.W.  of  New  Philadelphia,  and  about  20  miles 
W.  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va.  It  hos  3  churches,  a  bunk,  a 
newspajjcr  office,  and  coal-mines.     Pop.  in  185)0,  623. 

Flusor,  the  ancient  name  of  Ciiienti. 

Fluteville,  Conn.    See  Halli.ncton. 

Fluvnn'na,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  280  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.  and  S.W,  by  the  James  River,  and  is  intersected  by 
the  Rivanna  River,  the  Hardware  River,  nnd  Byrd  Creek. 
The  surface  is  partly  hilly,  and  a  large  portion  of  it  is  cov- 
ered wilh  forests;  the  soil  is  moderately  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  tobacco,  wheat,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products. 
Gold  has  been  found  here.  The  James  River  Canal  and 
the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railway  pass  along  the  S.  border 
of  this  county.  Capital,  Palmyra.  Pop.  in  1870,  9875; 
in  1880,  10,802;  in  1890,  9508. 

Fluvanna,  a  post-hamlet  and  summer  resort  of  Chau- 
tauqua CO.,  N.Y.,  at  the  S.E.  end  of  Chautauqua  Lake,  4 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Jamestown.  It  has  a  church,  a  dis- 
trict school,  a  dry-plate  factory,  a  stump-machine  works, 
a  grigt-mill,  and  a  cider-mill.     Pop.  about  100. 

Fly  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  3  miles 
from  Cooperstown,  and  about  65  miles  W.  of  Albany.  It 
has  3  churches,  2  machine-shops,  a  pail-factory,  and  2 
furnaces.     It  is  in  Otsego  township. 

Fly  Mountain,  a  post-village  of  Ulster  co.,  N.!'.,  in 
Kingston  township,  2  miles  from  the  Wallkill  Valley  Rail- 
road, and  about  90  miles  N.  of  New  Y''ork  City.  It  has  2 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  lime  and  cement. 

Flynn,  a  township  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  155. 

Flynu's  Lick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Tcnn., 
48  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Gallatin.     It  has  a  church. 

Fly  Suni'mit,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Greenwich  &  Johnsonville  Railroad  (at  Summit  Sta- 
tion), 26  miles  N.  of  Troy.     It  has  a  church. 

Fonty,  fo'te,  or  Fo'ta,  a  small  island  of  Irel.and,  in 
Cork  Harbor,  6  miles  N.  of  Queenstown,  connected  by 
bridges  with  the  mainland  and  with  Great  Island. 

Foca,  fo'kl,  a  small  island  on  the  W.  coast  of  Africa, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Calabar  River.  It  contains  a  town  of 
the  same  name,  and  furnishes  wood,  water,  and  provisions. 

Fochabers,  foK'a-b§rz,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Mo- 
ray, on  the  Spey,  9  miles  E.  of  Elgin.  Pop.  1227.  It  is 
very  neatly  built.  In  the  vicinity  is  the  Duke  of  Rich- 
mond's magnificent  Gordon  Castle. 

Focsani,  a  town  of  Roumania.     See  Foktchaw. 

Fogaras,  fo'gOhVosh',  or  Fragct  Schmarkt,  frl'- 
ghit  sbiuaukt,  a  town  of  Transylvania,  on  the  Aloota 
(Aluta),  55  miles  E.  of  Ilcrmannstadt.  It  is  the  see  of  a 
Catholic  archbishop  (Roumanian  rite),  and  has  a  Protestant 
gymnasium  and  an  old  fortress.     Pop.  4714. 

Fogaras,  a  county  of  Transylvania,  bounded  S.  by 
Roumania,  from  which  it  is  divided  by  the  so-called  Tran- 
sylvanian  Alps,  a  part  of  the  Carpathian  range.  Area, 
720  square  miles.     Capital,  Fogaras.     Pop.  86,943. 

Fogelsville,  fo'gl'z-vil,  a  post-village  of  Lehigh  co., 
Pa.,  near  the  Catnsauqua  <t  Fogelsville  Railroad,  1 J  miles 
from  Chapman  Station  (Litzenberg),  and  about  8  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Allentown.  It  has  3  churches,  flour-  and  feed- 
mills,  steam  saw-mills,  a  stone-quarry,  beds  of  iron  ore,  and 
a  foundry  with  a  machine-shop. 

Foggia,  fod'ji,  a  city  of  Italy,  capital  of  the  province 
of  Foggia,  in  the  great  plain  of  Apulia,  at  a  railway  junc- 
tion, 80  miles  E.N.E.  of  Naples.  Pop.  38,138.  It  is  well 
built,  but  unhealthy.  The  principal  structures  are  the  gov- 
ernor's residence,  a  Gothic  cathedral,  about  20  other  churches, 
a  theatre,  the  corn-magazines  {fosse),  extending  under  a 
large  part  of  the  city,  and  a  public  park  and  botanic  garden. 
Foggia  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  the  entrepot  of  a  large  trade 
in  corn,  wool,  cheese,  cattle,  wine,  oil,  and  capers. 


Foggia,  formerly  Capitanata,  k&-pee-tJl-nil't&,  a 
province  of  Italy,  in  Apulia,  bounded  N.  and  10.  by  the 
Adriatic.  Though  in  great  part  mountainous,  it  is  well 
watered  and  fertile.  Area,  2955  square  miles.  Capital 
Foggia.     Pop.  322,758, 

Foggy  Islands,  in  the  Paoifio.    See  E(tdokref. 

Foglia,  f6ryA,  a  river  of  Italy,  rises  on  the  E.  slope  of 
the  Apennines,  in  Tuscany,  3  miles  W,  of  Sestino,  and  falU 
into  the  Adriatic  at  Pcsaro,     Length,  40  miles, 

Fogliara,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Piioc^A, 

Foglizzo,  fol-vit'so,  a  village  of  Italy,  17  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Turin.     Pop.  2876. 

Fdglb,  fo'glo\  an  island  of  Russia,  Aland  group,  at  the 
entrance  of  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia,  lat.  60°  N.,  Ion.  20°  30'  E, 

Fo'go,  or  Fucgo,  foo-d'go  or  fwi'go  (i.e.,  "  firo," 
named  from  its  volcano),  one  of  the  Cape  Verd  Islandii, 
W,  of  Santiago,  nearly  circular,  and  40  miles  in  circum- 
ference. It  is  formed  almost  entirely  of  the  slopes  of  a 
volcanic  mountain  9157  feet  in  elevation.  The  first  erup- 
tion of  this  volcano  on  record  occurred  in  1680,  and  the 
last,  which  caused  great  destruction,  on  the  9th  of  April, 
1847.  Its  inhabitants  suffer  severely  from  the  want  of 
water:  during  three  years  of  drought  (from  1730)  two- 
thirds  of  the  inhabitants  perished  from  this  cause.  The 
climate  is  excessively  dry,  and  the  temperature  elevated. 
It  is  extremely  fertile,  and  produces  the  best  grain  and 
fruit  in  the  archipelago.  The  chief  port  is  Nossa  Senhora 
da  Luz  (nos'sil  sSn-yo'r&  d&  loos).  Lat.  14°  53'  N.;  Ion. 
24°  30'  5"  W.     Pop.  8400. 

Fo'go,  a  small  island  off  the  E.  coast  of  Africa,  in  Mo- 
zambique Channel. 

Fo'go,  an  island  N.E.  of  Newfoundland,  in  lat.  49°  40' 
N.,  Ion.  54°  W. 

Fogo,  a  post-town  and  port  of  entry  of  Newfoundland, 
on  the  above  island.  It  has  communication  by  steamer 
with  St.  John's,  distant  122  miles,  and  is  a  place  of  consid- 
erable trade  and  fishery.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  740. 

F5hr,  foR,  an  island  of  Prussia,  off  the  W.  coast  of  Sles- 
wick,  in  the  North  Sea,  in  lat.  54°  43'  N.,  Ion.  8°  30'  E. 
Area,  25  square  miles.  Great  numbers  of  oysters  are  ex- 
ported hence,  and  numerous  wild  fowl  are  taken  here  in 
autumn.     Pop.  4700. 

Foix,  fwi,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Arifgo,  52 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Toulouse,  on  the  Ari6ge,  at  the  foot  of 
the  Pyrenees.  Pop.  5127.  It  has  a  communal  college  and 
a  normal  school,  and  is  surmounted  by  a  cavernous  rock, 
on  which  are  3  Gothic  towers,  the  remains  of  an  old  castle. 
It  has  iron-forges,  and  a  trade  in  cattle,  leather,  wool,  and 
iron  and  steel  goods.  This  was  the  capital  of  the  old  comt6 
of  Foix,  now  forming  the  department  of  Arifige. 

Fojano,  or  Foiano,  fo-yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  23 
miles  S.E.  of  Campobasso.     Pop.  1998. 

Fojano,  or  Foiano,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  in 
the  Chiana  Valley,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Arezzo.     Pop.  7615. 

Fokia,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor,    See  Pnoc^A. 

Fo-Kien,  fo*ke-6n',  a  maritime  province  of  China, 
mostly  between  lat.  24°  and  28°  N.  and  Ion.  116°  and  121° 
E.,  having  S.E.  the  China  Sea.  Pop.  14,777,410.  The  sur- 
face is  mountainous.  The  principal  river  is  the  Min,  which 
enters  the  sea  below  Foo-Choo-Foo,  the  capital  city.  Though 
one  of  the  smaller  provinces,  it  is  among  the  most  wealthy 
in  China,  producing  a  good  deal  of  the  finest  black  tea  con- 
sumed in  the  empire,  with  the  best  camphor,  tobiicco,  sugar, 
iron,  indigo,  and  alum.  The  town  of  Amoy  and  the  island 
of  Formosa  are  comprised  in  this  province. 

Foktchany,  or  Fokchani,  fok-chi'nce,  a  town  of 
Roumania,  partly  in  Moldavia  and  partly  in  Wallachia,  on 
the  Milkov,  92  miles  N.E.  of  Bucharest.     Pop.  37,504. 

Foldvar,  or  Duna  Foldvar,  doo'noh'  fohrvfln',  a 
town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Tolna,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Danube,  17  miles  E.N.E.  of  Simonsthurm,  situated  partly 
on  the  crest  and  partly  on  the  side  of  a  hill.  It  had  once 
strong  fortifications,  of  which  some  remains  still  exist.  The 
town  has  a  high  school,  barracks,  a  monastery,  and  an  im- 
portant sturgeon-fishery.     Pop.  12,382, 

Foldvar,  a  town  of  Transylvania,  12  miles  from  Porum- 
bak.     Pop.  2000. 

Foldvar,  or  Marienburg,  mi-ree'5n-b55RG\  a  vil- 
lage of  Transylvania,  on  the  Aloota,  12  miles  N.  of  Kron- 
stadt.     Pop.  700. 

Foldvar  Tisza,  foldV&n'  tees's5h\  a  village  of  Hun- 
gary, CO.  of  Heves,  on  the  Theiss,  8  miles  from  Szolnok. 
Pop.  4700. 

Folcmbray,  foM5M^bri',  a  village  of  France,  in  Aisne, 
15  miles  W.  of  Laon.     It  has  a  glass-factory.     Pop.  1280. 

Fo'ley,  or  Wil'liamson,  a  post-village  in  Ontario 
00.,  Ontario,  6  miles  N,  of  Oshawa,     Pop.  150. 


FOL 


lldl 


FON 


Fo'ley's,  a  flag-station  in  Salisbury,  Litchfield  co., 
Conn.,  on  the  Connecticut  Western  Railroad,  56  miles  W. 
of  Hartford. 

Folgaria,  fol-gi're-l,  or  FUllgreit,  fUU'grite,  a  vil- 
lage of  Austria,  in  the  Tyrol,  near  lloveredo.     Pop.  1509. 

Folgefonden-Fjeld,fol'gh§h-fon'd?n-fe-61d',an  de- 
rated plateau  and  mountain-range  of  Norway,  stretching 
from  N.  to  S.,  at  no  great  distance  from  the  W.  coast.  Its 
culminating  point  is  5790  feet  in  height ;  but  its  most  re- 
markable feature  is  its  glacier,  which  is  about  5U00  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea,  and  40  miles  long  by  20  broad, 
with  an  estimated  depth  of  600  feet.  A  stream  issuing  from 
its  base  forms  a  magnificent  waterfall. 

Foligno,  fo-leen'yo  (anc.  Fulyin'ia  or  Fuh/in'tum),  a 
town  of  Central  Italy,  in  Urabria,  province  and  20  miles 
S.E.  of  Perugia,  in  a  beautiful  vale  winding  among  the 
.  Apennines  and  watered  by  the  Clitumno.     The  only  public 
buildings  worthy  of  notice  are  the  cathedral,  dedicated  to 
St.  Felician,  and  the  Palazzo  Communale,  a  handsome  edi- 
fice, in  the  Ionic  style.     Foligno  has  a  high  reputation  for 
I  its  woollens,  parchment,  wax  candles,  soap,  and  playing- 
-cards; there  are  silk-mills  and  tanneries,  and  it  has  some 
.trade  in  cattle.     The  town  was  nearly  destroyed  by  the 
earthquakes  of  1831  and  1832.     It  was  anciently  a  place 
of  some  importance,  being  at  the  head  of  a  confederacy  of 
Umbrian  cities.     It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  21,686. 

Fol'ker,  a  township  of  Clarke  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  824.  It 
contains  Acasto. 

Folke'stone  (L.  Lapis populif),  a  town  of  England, 

in  Kent,  5  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Dover,  of  which  cinquo 

•  port  it  is  a  member.     It  lies  in  a  hollow  between  two  high 

cliffs,  on  the  English  Channel,  opposite  Boulogne.     It  has 

.  an  ancient  church,  an  endowed  school  and  charities,  a  bat- 

itery,  a  pier,  a  harbor  admitting  vessels  of  from  10  to  12  feet 

draught  at  high  water,  a  market-house,  excellent  baths,  and 

.  other  accommodations  for  visitors,  whom  the  fine  sands  and 

.beautiful  surrounding  scenery  attract  hither.     Folkestone 

has  greatly  suffered  by  the  encroachments  of  the  sea,  but  it 

,  has  valuable  fisheries  and  considerable  traffic  with  Boulogne. 

Pop.  in  1881,  18,816;  in  1801,  23,700. 

Fol'kingham,  or  Fal'kingham,  a  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  and  26  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lincoln.    P.  of  parish,  606. 
Folk's  Station^  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co.,  0.,  on 
.  the  Cadiz  Branch  of  the  Pittsburg  k  Columbus  Railroad,  2 
miles  N.  of  Cadiz. 

Folk's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Colleton  co.,  S.C.,  14 
miles  from  Brunson  Station.     It  has  a  church. 
Folk-Velka,  a  town  of  Hungary,    See  Felka. 
Folk'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  rail- 
road between  Birmingham  and  liccatur.     It  has  a  steam 
flour-mill. 
e     Folio,  fol'lo  (L.  Fol'liim),  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
-of  Genoa,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Levanto.     Pop.  2338. 
V    Follonica,  fol-lon'e-ki,  a  maritime  village  of  Italy, 
province  of  Pisa,  on  the  Mediterranean,  opposite  Elba,  and 
- 12  miles  E.  of  Piombino,  on  a  railway.     Ore  from  Elba  is 
brought  hither  to  be  smelted,  and  during  eight  months  of 
.  the  year  much  iron  is  produced  from  its  furnaces ;  but  in 
summer  the  fever  which  prevails  throughout  the  Marorame 
drives  all  the  people  away. 

Fol'ly  Island,  one  of  the  sea-islands  of  Charleston 
CO.,  S.C,  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Atlantic,  and  on 
the  landward  side  by  Folly  Island  River  (so  called),  and 
reaches  from  Light-house  Inlet  on  the  N.E.  to  Stone  River 
.on  the  S.W.     A  part  of  its  surfiice  is  densely  timbered. 

Folly  Lake,  a  post-village  in  Colchester  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  25  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Truro.  A  large  quantity 
•of  lumber  is  shipped  from  this  station. 

Folly  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  4  or 
b  miles  S.  of  Staunton.     It  has  a  large  flouring-mill. 

Folly  Village,  a  seaport  town  of  Nova  Scotia,  in  Col- 
chester CO.,  on  Cobequid  Bay,  4  miles  AV.  of  Debert.  Ship- 
building is  carried  on  here.     Pop.  400. 

Folsom,  ful'som,  or  Folsom  City,  a  post-village 
of  Sacramento  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  American  River,  near  the 
junction  of  its  forks,  23  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Sacra- 
mento. It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  ofiice,  a  bank,  a 
lumber-mill,  and  extensive  quarries  of  granite,  which  is 
exported  to  San  Francisco.  Gold  is  found  near  here.  Fruit- 
growing is  a  leading  industry. 

Folsom,  a  post-village  of  Colfivx  co.,  New  Mexico,  67 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Texline.     It  has  3  churches,  a  news- 
.  paper  office,  and  gold-,  silver-,  and  copper-mines, 

Fol'somdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y., 
about  48  miles  S.W.  of  Rochester.     It  has  1  or  2  churches. 
Fol'somville,  a  post-village  of  Warwick  co.,  Ind.,  28 
miles  E.N.E,  of  Evansville.    It  has  2  churches. 


Fombio,  fom'be-o,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Milan,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Codogno.     Pop.  2126. 

Fom'nier  Creek,  of  Arkansas,  flows  through  Clark 
CO.  into  Little  Missouri  River. 

Fon'da,  an  incorporated  post-town  of  Pocahontas  co., 
Iowa,  at  the  junction  of  two  railroads,  48  miles  by  rail 
N.W.  of  Jefferson.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks,  a  news- 
paper office,  <fec.     Pop.  in  1890,  625. 

JPonda,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y., 
is  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Mohawk  River,  at  the  mouth  of 
Cayadutta  Creek,  43i  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Albany,  and 
30  miles  E.  of  Little  Falls.  It  contains  a  court-house,  3 
churches,  a  union  free  school,  a  national  bank,  2  grist-mills, 
manufactures  of  knit  goods,  a  flour-mill,  a  carriage-shop, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  1190. 

Fon'da's  Bush,  or  Broadal'bin,  a  post-village  of 
Broadalbin  township,  Fulton  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Fonda's  Creek, 
about  40  miles  N.W.  of  Albany,  and  10  miles  N.  of  Amster- 
dam. It  contains  3  churches,  and  several  mills  and  manu- 
factories of  buckskin  gloves  and  mittens.  Pop.  987.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Broadalbin. 

Fond-des-Negres,  fiNi-di-ni'g'r,  a  town  of  Hayti, 
in  its  S.AV.  peninsula,  55  miles  W.S.W.  of  Port  au  Prince. 
Fond  du  Lac  (i.e.,  "end  of  the  lake"),  a  name  some- 
times applied  to    the   S.  extremity  of  Lake  Winnebago, 
Wisconsin. 

Fond  du  Lac  (Fr.  pron.  f6N<>  dii  15,k),  a  county  in  the 
E.  part  of  Wisconsin,  has  an  area  of  about  750  square 
miles.  It  is  drained  by  Milwaukee  and  Rock  Rivers,  which 
rise  in  it.  Its  name,  which  in  French  signifies  "  end  of 
the  lake,"  refers  to  Lake  AVinnebago,  the  southern  end  of 
which  lies  in  this  county  and  affords  facilities  for  steam 
navigation.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  prairies  and 
forests  of  good  timber,  which  is  here  abundant.  The  soil  is 
calcareous  and  very  fertile.  AVheat,  oats,  hay,  lumber,  Indian 
corn,  butter,  and  wool  are  the  staple  products.  Silurian 
limestone  underlies  part  of  this  county,  which  is  intersected 
by  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  the  Northern  division 
of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul  Railroad,  and  the 
Chicago  &  Northweftern  Railroad,  the  first  two  commu- 
nicating with  Fond  du  Lac,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
46,273;  in  1880,  46,859;  in  1890,  44,088. 

Fond  du  Lac,  a  post-office  of  Tazewell  co.,  111.,  on 
Lake  Peoria,  and  near  the  Illinois  River,  3  miles  S.E.  of 
Peoria.     Pop.  of  Fond  du  Lac  township,  889. 

Fond  du  Lac,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Louis  co.,  Minn., 
on  the  St.  Louis  River,  at  the  head  of  navigation  from 
Lake  Superior,  and  on  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  15 
miles  S.W.  of  Duluth.  The  water-power  is  fine,  and  there 
is  a  mineral  spring  of  local  reputation.  This  is  one  of  the 
oldest  towns  in  Minnesota,  and  was  once  an  important 
trading-post.  Pop.  of  Fond  du  Lac  township,  in  1880,  800. 
Fond  du  Lac,  a  city  of  Wisconsin,  the  capital  of  Fond 
du  Lac  CO.,  is  finely  situated  at  the  S.  end  of  Winnebago 
Lake,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Fond  du  Lao  River,  on  the 
Chicago  (fc  Northwestern  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  She- 
boygan &  Fond  du  Lac  Railroad,  and  on  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul  and  Wisconsin  Central  Railroads, 
177  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Chicago,  43  miles  W,  of  Sheboygan, 
and  63  miles  N.N,W.  of  Milwaukee,  with  which  it  is  di- 
rectly connected  by  railroad.  Steamboats  ascend  from  Green 
Bay  to  this  place  via  Fox  River  and  Lake  Winnebago.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  18  or  20  churches,  an  opera-house, 
several  public  halls,  a  high  school,  2  national  banks,  2 
savings-banks,  numerous  saw-mills,  and  manufactories  of 
carriages,  sash,  doors,  and  blinds,  flour,  machinery,  cars, 
paper,  engines,  &o.  Two  daily  and  4  weekly  newspapers 
(2  of  which  latter  are  German)  are  published  here.  This 
city  is  supplied  with  good  water  by  artesian  wells  and  the 
Holly  system  of  water-works.  Among  its  churches  are  2 
Baptist,  4  Catholic,  1  Congregationalist,  2  Episcopal,  1 
Evangelical,  4  Methodist,  2  Lutheran,  and  1  Presbyterian 
It  has  also  a  female  institute,  2  convents,  a  public  library, 
and  many  elegant  residences.  Pop.  in  1860,  5450  ;  in  1870, 
12,764;  in  1880,  13,094;  in  1890,  12,024;  of  Fond  du  Lao 
township,  exclusive  of  the  city,  1126. 

Fondettes,  f6N<»M5t',  a  village  of  France,  in  Indre-et 
Loire,  4  miles  N.N.W.  of  Tours.     Pop.  2251. 

Foudi,  fon'dee  (anc.  Fun'di),  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Caserta,  on  the  Appian  Way,  14  miles  N.AV.  of  Gaeta. 
Pop.  6740.  It  is  unhealthy  from  the  proximity  of  a  salt 
lagoon  (anc.  Funda'nus  La' ens) ;  but  it  has  a  Gothic  cathe- 
dral, and  other  public  buildings,  with  remains  of  eyclo- 
pean  walls.  Its  vicinity  (the  ancient  Cxc'uhm  A'ger)  is 
extremely  fertile,  and  was  anciently  famous  for  its  wine. 

Fondo,  fon'do,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Tyrol,  25  miles  N. 
of  Trent.     Pop.  2020. 


fON 


1192 


FOO 


Fondon,  fun-dSn',  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  28 
miles  N.W.  of  Almeria.     Pop.  :^014. 

Foneswoodf  a  post-oflice  of  Westmoreland  oo.,  Va. 

Fongv  fung,  a  proflx  to  tbe  names  of  many  citioa  of 
Cliina.    See  also  FuMO. 

Fung>Tsiang»  fong-tse-ing',  a  oity  of  Ohina,  prov- 
ince uf  Shen-Soe,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Ilooi-Uo,  00  miles  W. 
of  Sco-Xgiin. 

Fung-Yang»  or  Fung- Yang,  fung-ylng,  a  town 
of  Ciiina,  provinoo  of  Ngan-llooi,  on  a  mountain  near  tlio 
Iloiii-Ho,  4»5  miles  S.  by  £.  of  Pelting. 

Fonni,  fou'nee,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sardinia,  34 
miles  N.N.K.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  2920. 

Fouscca,  fon-si'k&,  a  town  of  Spain,  12  miles  S.  of 
Toledo.  It  has  dye-works,  brandy-distilleries,  and  manu- 
fuoturos  uf  cloth.     Pop.  4162. 

Fouscca  Gulf.    See  Qulf  of  Conchagua. 

Fons  Opertus,  the  Latin  name  of  Fontcoutertb. 

Fon'tn  Flo'ra,  a  post-office  of  Durko  co.,  N.C. 

FonUainMileuu',  a  posl-olSco  of  Andrew  co.,  Mo. 

Foiitaincblcau,  f6x°-t£n-blu',  probably  contracted 
from  Fo.NTAiNE  lieuLK  Eau,  "fountain  of  beautiful  water" 
(L.  /'on«  lieliaquetu,  Font  Bleaudi),  a  town  of  Franco, 
department  of  Seine- et-Marne,  in  the  uiidst  of  one  of  the 
finest  forests  in  the  republic,  on  the  railway  from  Paris  to 
Lyon?,  about  2  miles  from  the  left  bunk  of  the  Seine,  and 
37  miles  S.S.ID.  of  Paris.  It  is  well  built,  partly  of  stone 
and  partly  of  brick,  with  spacious  and  regular  streets.  It 
is  the  seat  of  a  court  of  first  resort  and  several  public  offices, 
and  contains  fine  barracks,  a  communal  college,  school  of  de- 
sign, public  library,  public  baths,  and  several  hospitals.  The 
castle  or  palace  of  Fontninebleau,  from  which  the  town 
derives  its  chief  importance,  is  one  of  the  most  magnificent 
in  France,  many  of  whoso  sovereigns  have  made  it  their 
favorite  residence  and  vied  with  one  another  in  lavishing 
upon  it  all  the  embellishments  that  art  could  furnish.  The 
park,  laid  out  like  a  vast  garden,  and  adorned  with  statues, 
temples,  fountains,  lakes,  and  waterfalls,  corresponds  to  the 
magnificence  of  the  palace.  The  forest,  which  has  an  area 
of  84  English  square  miles,  abounds  with  all  kinds  of  game. 
Fontainebleau  has  manufactures  of  calico,  porcelain,  and 
stone-ware,  also  quarries  of  sandstone,  extensively  used  in 
paving  the  streets  of  Paris,  and  a  trade  in  wine,  fruits,  pre- 
serves, horses,  and  cattle.     Pop.  11,545. 

Fontaine  Fran^aise,  f6N»*tin'  (or  fduo'tSn')  fr6No^- 
sA/.',  a  town  of  Franco,  Cote-d'Or,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Dijon. 
It  has  a  tine  chateau  and  a  monument  to  Henry  IV.  of 
Franco.     Pop.  1044. 

Fontaine  I'Eveque,  f6N»H5n'  liVfik',  a  town  of 
Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  6  miles  W.  of  Charleroi.  Pop.  3300, 
employed  in  iron-forges,  hardware-manufactures,  <tc. 

Fontaine  Notre-Dame,  f6N<'Hdn'  not'r-dim',  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  2  miles  W.  of  Cambrai.      Pop._1915. 

Fontaine  qui  Bouille,  f6N°H^n'  kee  bool,  or  Foun- 
tain Creek,  a  creok  of  Colorado,  rises  near  Pike's  Peak. 
It  runs  southward  in  El  Paso  co.,  and  enters  the  Arkansas 
River  nt  Pueblo,  after  a  course  of  about  90  miles.  The 
name,  which  is  French,  signifies  "Boiling  Spring." 

Fontana,  fon-t4'ni,  a  village  of  Italv,  province  of 
Cascrta,  84  miles  S.S.W.  of  Sora.     Pop.  2920. 

Fontan'a,  a  post-village  of  Miami  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Osage  township,  11  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Paola,  and  44  miles 
N.  of  Fort  Scott.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  public  school, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  256. 

Fontana,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  0. 

Fontana,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lebanon  co..  Pa.,  in  South 
Annville  township,  4  miles  S.  of  Annville. 

Fontana  Frcdda,  fon-ti'ni  frdd'di,  a  village  of 
Northern  Italy,  32  miles  W.S.W.  of  Udine.     Pop.  3899. 

Fontanarosa,  fon-ti'mi-ro'si,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Avellino,  4i  miles  W.  of  Frigento.     Pop.  2827. 

Fontanella,  fon-td-ndl'l&,  or  Fontanella  del 
Piano,  fon-t<\-n6]'I&  d5l  pe-4'no,  a  town  of  Northern 
Italy,  17  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bergamo.     Pop.  2946. 

Fontaneilato,  fon-t&-ndl-li'to,  or  Fontanallata, 
fon-tA-nil-li'ti,  a  village  of  Italy,  7  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Parma.     Pop.  of  commune.  5321. 

Fontanelie,  fon-ta-nSr,  a  post-village  of  Adair  co., 
Iowa,  in  Summerset  township,  about  60  miles  W.S.W.  of 
1)08  Muines.  It  has  4  churches,  a  high  school,  a  bank,  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  930. 

Fontanelie,  Washington  co..  Neb.    See  Fontenelle. 

Fontane-iHore,  fon-ti'ni-mo'ri  (L.  Funta'na  Mau'- 
ra),  a  villiige  of  Italy,  36  railps  E.S.E.  of  Aosta. 

Fontaneto  di  Novara,  fon-td-ni'to  dee  no-vi'ri,  a 
Tillage  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  15  miles  N.N.W.  of  Novara, 
sear  the  Agogna.    Pop.  2632. 


Fontaneto  di  Vercelli,  fon-ti-ni'to  dee  v4n-ch«l'. 
Ice,  a  village  of  Italy,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Vercelli,  near  the 
Po.     Pop.  7565. 

Fontarabia,  fonHijt-ri'be-^  (Sp.  Fuenterrnhin,  fw4n- 
ti-r&-Dcc'&),  a  fortified  town  of  Spain,  in  Biscay,  situated 
at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Bidassoa,  which  forms  a  part  of  i 
the  boundary  between  Franco  and  Spain.  It  is  ohicfiy  • 
interesting  on  account  of  its  historical  associations.  The  | 
town  itself  has  been  frequently  besieged,  and  its  vicinity  \ 
has  been  the  scene  of  numerous  military  oiMirations.  Lat.  : 
43°  22'  N.;  Ion.  1°  47'  W,     Pop.  2035. 

Fontcouverte,  f6M»*koo'vaint'  (L.  Font  Oper'tut),  a 
village  of  France,  in  Savoy,  on  the  Arvan,  3  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Saint-Jean-do-Maurionne.     Pop.  1353. 

Fonte,  fon'ti,  a  village  of  Italy,  21  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Troviso.     Pop.  1630. 

Fonteccnio,  fon-tdk'ke-o,  a  village  of  Italy,  15  miles 
S.E.  of  Aquila.     Pon.  863. 

Fontcllo,  fon-t«rio,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  on 
the  Douro,  4  miles  E.N.K.  of  Laiuego.     Pop.  868. 

Fontenay-le-Comtc,  f6N«'t9h-ni'-l9h.k6Nt,  a  town 
of  France,  in  VendCe,  on  the  Vendee,  where  it  bccomca 
navigable,   35    miles    S.E.  of    La    Ilocho-sur-Yon.      Pop. 
7309.     It  is  pleasantly  situated,  and  has  a  communal  ool- 
lego,  barracks,  hospitals,  a  church  with  a  spire  311  feet  in       i 
height,  and  a  ruined  castle.     It  has  manufactures  of  coarse      { 
linen  and  woollen  cloths;   and  it  is  an  entrepot  for  the       i 
Gironde  and  Charente  wines.     Fontcnay  is  the  name  of 
numerous  communes  and  villages  of  France,  among  which 
is  FoNTENAy-Aux-Ro3ES  (f6N''H§h-ni'-5-roz),  department  of      , 
Seine,  6  miles  S.  of  Paris,  with  a  station  on  the  railway  to 
Sceau.x,  and  a  population  of  2804.  I 

Fontenay-sous-Uois,  f^NoH^h-nd'-soo-bwS,,  a  town 
of  France,  in  Seine,  on  a  railway,  6  miles  from  Paris,  and 
1  mile  E.  of  Vincennes.     Pop.  4403. 

Fontenelle,  fon-t?-ndl',  a  post-hamlot  of  Washington 
CO.,  Neb.,  on  the  Elkhorn  River,  about  35  miles  N.W.  of 
Omaha.     It  has  a  church. 

Fontenelle  Creek,  Wyoming,  runs  eastward,  and 
enters  Green  River  in  Uintah  co. 

Fontenoy,  f6N°'t§h-nwl',  a  village  of  Belgium,  prov- 
ince of  Hainaut,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Tournay.  Here,  on  the  30th 
of  April,  1745,  the  forces  under  the  l3uke  of  Cumberland 
were  defeated  by  the  French  under  Marshal  Saxe.     P.  830. 

FonHenoy',  a  post-office  of  Brown  co..  Wis.,  16  miles 
S.E.  of  Green  Bay. 

Fontenoy-le-Ch&teaa,  f6N°H9h-nw&'-l?h-8ha,'t5', 
a  town  of  France,  in  Vosges,  on  the  Coney,  20  miles  S.S.W, 
of  Epinal.     Pop.  1564. 

Fontes,  fon'tSs,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Tras-os-Montos, 
15  miles  W.  of  Villa  Real.     Pop.  1829. 

Fontevivo,  fon-t4-vee'vo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
of  Parma,  in  a  plain,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Parma.  It  con- 
tain.3  a  mausoleum  of  Ferdinand,  Duke  pf  Bourbon,  who 
died  hero  in  1802.     Pop.  2618. 

Fontevrault,  f6N°*t9h-vro',  a  town  of  France,  in  Maine- 
et-Loire,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Saumur.  It  owed  its  foundation 
to  a  famous  abbey,  destroyed  during  the  first  revolution,  a 
part  of  which  is  now  a  prison.  The  other  remaining  por- 
tions are  a  church  of  the  twelfth  century,  in  which  are  the 
tombs  of  Henry  II.  and  Richard  I.  of  England,  Eleanor  of 
Guienno,  and  Isabelle,  widow  of  King  John.     Pop.  2651. 

Font  Hill ,  a  station  on  the  Mont  Alto  Railroad,  7  miles 
from  Chamborsburg,  Pa. 

Fontiveros,  fon-te-vA'roce,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old 
Castile,  25  miles  N.N.W.  of_Avila.     Pop.  897. 

Fontvieille,  f6N"Ve-4l'  or  f6N»H-e-i,'y?,  a  village  ot 
France,  in  Bouches-du-Rh6ne,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Aries.  It  has 
important  stone-quarries  and  warm  springs.     Pop.  2237. 

Fony,  a  village  of  Hungary.     See  Feny. 

Fonz,  fons  or  fonth,  a  town  of  Spain,  35  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Huosca.     Pop.  2254. 

Fonzaso,  fon-zi'so,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  22 
miles  W.S.W.  of  BoUuno.     Pop.  4879. 

Foo,  Fou,  or  Fu,  a  Chinese  word  signifying  a  "city," 
or  more  properly  a  "  city  of  the  first  class,"  joined  to  many 
Chinese  names,  as  Kai-Foxg-Foo,  Yunnan-Foo,  these  com- 
pounds being  nearly  equivalent  to  the  "great  city  of  Kai 
Fong,"  the  "  great  city  of  Yunnan,"  <fec.  It  may,  however, 
be  observed  that  there  are  several  other  Chinese  words 
represented  in  English  by  Foo  having  altogether  a  difierent 
signification  from  the  above. 

Foo,  or  Fou,  foo,  a  town  of  China,  province  of  Shen- 
See,  situated  on  the  Lo-Ho,  45  miles  S.  of  Y'en-Ngan-Foo. 

Fooah,  Fouah,  or  Foua,  foo'&  (anc.  Metelis),  a  vil- 
lage of  Lower  Egypt,  on  the  W.  arm  jf  the  Nile,  opposite 
Atfeh,  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bosetta. 


TOO 


•1108 


FOR 


Foo'-Choo',Foo-Choo-Foo,foo'choo^foo',Foo- 
Chow-Foo,  Foo-Tchow-Foo,  foo'chow'foo',  or 
Fou-Tcheou-Fou,  foo^chfi-oo^foo',  a  city  of  China,  one 
of  the  treaty-ports,  capital  of  the  province  of  Fo-Kien,  on 
the  Min  River,  25  miles  from  its  mouth.  Lat.  26°  12'  24" 
N.j  Ion.  119°  30'  E.  Pop.  estimated  at  500,000.  It  is 
surrounded  by  an  amphitheatre  of  hills,  about  4  miles  dis- 
tant, and  is  enclosed  by  a  castellated  wall,  9  or  10  miles  in 
circumference,  outside  of  which  are  suburbs  as  extensive  as 
the  city  itself.  The  whole  is  commanded  by  a  fortified  hill 
500  feet  above  the  plain,  and  inside  of  the  walls  is  another 
height,  crowned  by  a  conspicuous  watch-tower.  A  long 
bridge,  erected  on  granite  pillars,  here  crosses  the  river, 
and  is  partly  covered  with  shops.  Foo-Choo  has  a  naval 
arsenal,  ship-yards,  and  a  school  of  navigation.  The  walled 
eity  has  good  shops  and  houses,  and  a  main  street,  with  resi- 
dences for  the  public  functionaries.  Large  quantities  of 
cotton  goods  and  well-dyed  blue  cloths  are  manufactured 
here,  and  500  ovens  for  the  production  of  porcelain  are 
i<onstantly  employed  in  the  city  and  its  vicinity.  Near  it 
are  also  extensive  lead-mines ;  and,  the  black-tea  district 
Veing  within  70  miles,  tea  is  procured  at  Foo-Choo  much 
cheaper  than  at  Canton.  A  large  commerce  is  carried  on 
with  the  maritime  provinces  of  China,  both  by  land  and 
by  water,  also  with  the  Loo-Choo  Islands  and  Japan..  The 
principal  exports  are  timber,  tea,  paper,  bamboo,  oranges  and 
other  fruits,  spices,  copper,  and  corn;  the  imports  comprise 
salt,  sugar,  European  manufactures,  and  a  great  variety  of 
other  goods.  In  1876  the  city  suffered  severely  from  a 
flood,  a  fire,  and  a  typhoon  which  followed  one  another  in 
quick  succession. 

Foo-Choo-Foo,  or  Foo-Chow-Foo,  a  city  of 
China,  province  of  Kiang-See,  240  miles  N.W.  of  the  fore- 
going city. 

Foo-Keu,  foo^ku'  or  foo'ke-oo',  a  town  of  China,  prov- 
ince of  IIo-Nan,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Hoai-Ho,  45  miles  S. 
of  Kai-Fong. 

FooMadoo',  a  mountainous  district  of  Western  Africa, 
near  the  sources  of  the  Senegal,  between  Ion.  8°  and  1 0° 
W.,  and  intersected  by  the  13th  parallel  of  N.  lat.  The 
Bcencry  of  this  country  is  represented  as  singularly  grand 
and  sublime,  with  villages  perched  among  precipices  many 
hundred  feet  inperpendicular  height. 

Foolahs,  Foulahs,  or  Fulahs,  foo'liz^,  by  some 
writers  called  Fellatahs,  fdl-li'ti/,,  a  remarkable  race, 
widely  diffused  through  West  Africa,  particularly  Senegam- 
bia.  Their  principal  kingdoms  are  Foota-Toro,  Bondoo, 
Fooladoo,  Kaarta,  Ludamar,  and  Kasson.  Their  original 
locality  is  unknown.  Though  allied  to  the  negro  family, 
they  differ  widely  in  their  physical  characteristics  from  that 
race,  having  neither  their  deep  jet  color,  crisped  hair,  flat 
nose,  nor  thick  lips.  In  person  they  are  tall,  well  propor- 
tioned, and  of  erect  and  graceful  figure.  In  speaking  of 
the  negro  nations  they  always  rank  themselves  with  the 
white  people.  They  are  shrewd  and  intelligent,  and  are 
active  traders;  agriculture,  however,  is  their  chief  and 
favorite  employment.  They  have  many  large  commercial 
towns,  large  tracts  of  highly-cultivated  lands,  and  numerous 
schools.  'Ihey  are  mostly  Mohammedans,  to  which  religion 
they  became  converts  about  400  years  ago. 

Foo-Ming,  foo^ming',  a  town  of  China,  province  and 
18  miles  N.W.  of  Yun-Nan,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Yang-tse- 
Kiang. 

Foonai,  or  Founai,  foo^ni',  a  considerable  town  of 
Japan,  island  of  Kioo-Sioo,  near  its  N.  coast. 

Foo-Ning,  or  Fou-Ning,  foo'ning',  a  city  of  China, 
province  of  Fo-Kien,  70  miles  N.E.  of  Foo-Choo-Foo. 

Foo-Ning,  or  Fou-Ning,  a  city  of  China,  province 
of  Pe-Chee-Lee,  near  the  Yellow  Sea,  165  miles  E.  of  Peking. 

Foo-Pim,  or  Fou-Pim,  foo^im',  a  town  of  China, 
province  of  Pc-Cheo-Lee,  63  miles  W.  of  Pao-Ting. 

Foo-Pin,  or  Fou-Pin,  foo'pin',  a  town  of  China, 
province  of  Quang-Tong, 

Foor  and  Foorian,  Africa.    See  Darfoor. 

Fooricaria,  foo-re-ki're-&,  a  large  town  of  Africa, 
Mandingo  country,  75  miles  N.N.E.  of  Sierra  Leone. 

Foosee,  Fousi,  or  Fusi,  foo'see',  the  loftiest  moun- 
tain in  the  empire  of  Japan,  commonly  called  by  the 
Japanese  Fooseeyama,  also  written  Fuji,  Fiui-san, 
and  Fiyi-yama.  It  is  situated  in  lat.  35°  15'  N.,  Ion. 
138°  35'  E.,  in  the  province  of  Soorooga,  island  of  Hondo. 
Its  height,  according  to  Siebold,  is  12,440  feet ;  it  stands  in 
an  isolated  position  in  the  centre  of  a  boundless  landscape 
of  uncommon  beauty.  It  is  an  ancient  volcano,  formerly 
the  mist  active  in  all  Japan  ;  but  a  century  and  a  half  have 
elapsed  since  the  last  eruption,  and  its  crater  is  now  filled 
witn  water.  It  is  regarded  with  a  superstitious  reverence ; 
76 


and,  in  the  inonth  of  August,  Booddhist  devotees  make  pil- 
grimages to  its  summit,  to  offer  prayers  to  the  idols  which 
have  been  placed  in  the  ravines  of  the  rock  by  their  an- 
cestors. According  to  Japanese  historians,  this  mountain 
emerged  from  the  bosom  of  the  earth  in  the  year  285  b.c*, 
and  a  corresponding  depression  of  the  ground  produced,  in 
a  single  night,  the  great  Lake  Mitsoo,  or  Biwako.  The  last 
eruption  occurred  at  the  close  of  the  year  1707. 

loo-Shan,  or  Fou-Schan,  foo'shin',  a  large  city 
of  China,  province  of  Quang-Tong,  21  miles  E.N.E.  of  Can- 
ton, on  the  island  of  Sce-Kiang  (Si-Kiang).  A  portion  of 
its  inhabitants  live  in  boats.     Pop.  estimated  at  200,000.    ■ 

Foo-Shan,  or  Fou-Chan,  foo^shJn',  a  town  of 
China,  province  of  Kiang-Soo,  on  the  Yang-tse-Iviang, 
below  Nanking,  at  the  base  of  a  fortified  height. 

Foosiyama,  or  Fousiyama.    See  Foosee. 

Foos'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Champaign  co..  111.,  and 
a  station  on  the  Chicago  &  Paducah  Kailroad,  and  on  tho 
Havana,  Rantoul  &  Eastern  Railroad,  133  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Chicago,  and  8  miles  S.  of  Gibson.     It  has  a  church. 

Foo'ta,  a  territory  of  Western  Africa,  in  Senegambia, 
S.  of  the  Senegal,  extending  between  lat,  15°  and  16°  26' 
N.,  Ion.  12°  36'  and  16°  36'  W.  It  is  divided  into  three 
parts,  of  which  that  on  tho  W.  is  called  Foota-Toro,  that  in 
the  centre  Foota  (proper),  and  that  on  the  E.  Foota-Damga. 
The  soil  is  fertile,  well  watered,  and  well  cultivated ;  but 
the  climate  is  extremely  hot.  The  principal  productions 
are  rice  and  other  cereals,  cotton  of  excellent  quality,  and 
tobacco.  The  forests  are  extensive,  and  the  district  con- 
tains several  iron-mines.  The  natives  profess  the  Moham- 
medan religion.  The  government  is  theocratic  and  elect- 
ive ;  but  the  almamy,  or  chief,  must  be  chosen  from  certain 
privileged  families  by  a  council  of  five  persons. 

Foota-Bondoo,  Senegambia.    See  Bondoo. 

Foota-Jallon,  foo'tA-j5,rion',  a  considerable  district 
of  Western  Africa,  in  Senegambia,  intersected  by  lat.  13° 
N.  and  Ion.  13°  W.  It  is  extremely  mountainous,  and  is 
remarkable  for  the  romantic  beauty  of  its  scenery.  The 
rivers  Senegal,  Gambia,  and  Grande  have  their  source 
within  this  district.  The  capital,  Teemboo,  in  lat.  10°  26' 
N.,  Ion.  10°  40'  W.,  contains  a  population  of  about  7000. 

Foo-Tchow-Foo,     See  Foo-Ciioo. 

Foot'dee,  or  Futtic,  foot'tee,  a  fishing  village  of 
Scotland,  in  Aberdeenshire,  forming  a  suburb  of  New  Aber- 
deen, adjacent  to  the  entrance  of  the  harbor. 

Foote,  f65t,  a  post-hamlet  of  Iowa  co.,  Iowa,  on  Eng- 
lish River,  about  22  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Marengo,  and  about 
7  miles  (direct)  E.  of  North  English  Railroad  Station.  It 
has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Footc,  a  post-village  of  Iron  co..  Mo.,  22  miles  (direct) 
W.  by  N.  of  Ironton.  It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  general 
store. 

Foote,  a  post-office  of  Mineral  co.,  W.  Va. 

Foote's,  a  station  of  the  Red  River  division  of  the 
International  A  Great  Northern  Railroad.  See  Sadinb 
Mills. 

Foot  of  Grade,  a  station  in  Bedford  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Bedford  A  Bridgeport  Railroad,  16  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Bedford. 

Foot  of  Plane,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  Barclay  Railroad,  2  miles  E.  of  Barclay.  It  has  a 
large  saw-mill. 

Footoona,  an  island  in  the  Pacific.    See  EunoxAX. 

Foots'cray,  a  borough  of  Bourke  co.,  Victoria,  on  Salt- 
water River,  4  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Melbourne.  It  has  a 
dry-dock.     Pop.  2473. 

Foot's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Oregon. 

Footsitz,  or  Foutsitz,  foot'sits',  a  town  of  Japan,  on 
the  island  of  Hondo,  105  mile?  N.E.  of  Kioto. 

Foot'ville,  a  post-office  of  Yadkin  co.,  N.C. 

Footville,  a  village  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0,,  in  Trumbull 
township,  6  miles  W.  of  Rock  Creek  Station.  It  has  a 
church,  a  graded  school,  a  carriage-shop,  a  manufactory  of 
cheese-boxes  and  lumber,  and  whetstone-quarries. 

Footville,  a  post-village  of  Rock  co.,  Wis.,  on  the 
Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Janesville. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  butter-  and  cheese- 
factory,  and  a  carriage- factory. 

Forbach,  fon'biK,  a  village  of  Baden,  on  the  Murg, 
here  crossed  by  a  suspension-bridge,  24  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Carlsruhe,     Pop,  1351, 

Forbach,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Lorraine,  on  the 
Nancy  &  Mannheim  Railway,  38  miles  E.  of  Metz,  Pop. 
6173.  It  has  coal-mines,  and  manufactures  woollen  cloths, 
tobacco-pipes,  glassware,  pottery,  Ac, 

Forbes,  fon'bfis,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  8  miles  S.E.  of 
Budweis.     Pop.  750. 

Forbes,  fdrbz,  a  village  of  Holt  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Eansaa 


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1104 


TOR 


Citjr,  St.  JoNph  A  Counoil  Bluffli  RftUroiid,  19  mnes  N.W.  of 
8t.  Joseph.  It  has  se%'ernl  churches  itnci  stores,  anil  an  actire 
trade.     Pop.  about  200.     Post-olHce,  Klin  Grove. 

Forben'  (forbt)  Islnndn,  o(f  the  N.R.  coast  of  Aus- 
tralia, in  Tcuiplc  Buy.     Lat.  12°  30'  8. ;  Ion.  143°  20'  K. 

ForbestowD)  forbz'tdwn,  a  small  post-village  of  Ilutte 
M.,  Cal.,  about  80  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Sacramento. 

For'bush,  a  post-office  of  Yadkin  co.,  N.C.,  in  Fall 
C?reok  or  Forbush  township.     Pop.  of  township,  1429. 

Forcftdos  Hiver,  Africa.    See  Rio  nos  Forcados, 

Forcall,  fuii-k&ll',  a  town  of  Spain,  44  miles  N.of  Oas- 
tellon  de  la  Pinna,  on  an  affluent  of  the  £bro.  It  has  a 
inanufaeturo  of  sandal-cords.     Pop.  1C63. 

Forcalquier,  foR*k\rke-A',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Basses- A I  nos,  24  miles  S.W.  of  Digne.     Pop.  1799. 

Force's  Corners,  Brant  co.,  Ontario.  St-e  WoonnuRv. 

Forchhcim,  fowK'hlme,  a  fortified  town  of  Bavaria, 
on  the  Hcgnitr,  16  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Bamberg.  It  has 
a  church,  a  synagogue,  and  an  arsenal.     Pop.  3659. 

Forchtenan,  fonK't^k-nCw*  (Hun.  Frakno-Alftfa, 
fHLk'no'-Sll'ySh^),  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  11  miles  W. 
of  Oedcnburg.  It  has  an  elogant  residence  of  the  Ester- 
hary  family.     Pop.  830. 

Forchtenberg,  foRK't?n-bftno\  a  town  of  WUrtcm- 
berg,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Heilbronn.     Pop.  1027. 

Ford,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an  area 
of  about  460  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  source  of 
the  Sangamon  River  and  a  small  affluent  of  the  Vermilion 
River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile.  A 
large  part  of  it  is  prairie.  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and 
■wheat  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  3  rail- 
roads,— the  Illinois  Central,  the  Lake  Erie  <t  Western,  and 
the  Wabash,  the  first  two  passing  through  Paxton,  the 
capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  9103;  in  1880,  15,099; 
In  1?»0,  17,035. 

Ford,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Kansas.  Area, 
1080  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Arkansas 
River  and  Crooked  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level.  The  soil  is  adapted  to  pasturage.  It  is  trav- 
ersed by  three  lines  of  railroad.  Capital,  Dodge  City. 
Pop.  in  1870,  427;  in  1880,  3122;  in  1890,  5308. 

Ford,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Ford  co.,  Kansas, 
17  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Dodge  City.  It  has  3  churches, 
fiour-mills,  &e.     Pop.  148. 

Ford,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Clark  co.,  Ky., 
9  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Winchester.  It  has  2  churches, 
and  saw-,  planing-,  and  lumber-mills.     Pop.  381. 

Ford  City,  a  post- village  of  Armstrong  eo..  Pa.,  6  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Kittanning.  It  has  several  churches,  and 
plate-glass-works.     Pop.  1255. 

Forde,  fon'dSh,  a  village  of  Norway,  76  miles  N.N.E, 
of  Bergen. 

Ford'ham,  a  former  post-village  of  Westchester  co., 
N.Y.,  9  miles  by  rail  N.  of  New  York  City.  It  contains  4 
churches,  a  Catholic  academy  for  girls,  an  institution  for 
female  deaf-mutes,  and  St.  John's  College  (Catholic).  In 
1873  it  was  anne-xed  to  New  York  City. 

Fordham  Landing,  a  station  of  New  York  City,  on 
the  E.  bank  of  Harlem  River,  1  mile  W.  of  Fordhiim. 
'     Ford'ingbridge,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Hants,  on 
the  Avon,  here  crossed  by  a  stone  bridge,  lo  miles  by  rail 
S.  of  Salisbury.     Pop.  of  parish,  3053. 

Fordoche,  for'dOsh',  a  small  bayou  of  L()uisiana,  flows 
through  Pointe  Coupfie  and  Iberville  parishes,  and  commu- 
nicates with  Atchafalaya  Bayou. 

For'don,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland,  1  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Bromberg,  on  the  Vistula.     Pop.  2045. 

Ford  River,  Michigan,  rises  in  Marquette  eo.,  in  the 
Upper  Peninsula,  runs  southeastward  through  Delta  co., 
and  enters  Green  Bay  near  its  northern  end.  It  is  about 
100  miles  long. 

Ford  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delta  co.,  Mich.,  in  Ford 
River  township,  on  a  river  of  its  own  name,  and  on  the 
Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  7  miles  S.W. of  Escaniiba. 
•It  has  2  saw-mills,  which  manufacture  about  18,000,000 
feet  of  lumber  in  a  year. 

Fords'bush,  a  hamlet  of  Montgomery  eo.,  N.Y.,  in 
Minden  township,  4  miles  S.  by  W.  of  St.  Johnsville.  It 
has  2  churches.     Here  is  Minden  Post-Office. 

Ford's  Crossing,  a  post-office  of  Cass  co.,  Ind. 

Ford's  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Dinwiddle  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad,  20  miles  W. 
by  S.  of  Petersburg.     It  has  3  churches. 

Ford's  Ferry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crittenden  co.,  Ky., 
•on  the  Ohio  River,  25  miles  below  Shawneetown. 

Ford's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Hart  eo,  Ga. 
'    Ford's  Store,  Queen  Anno  CO.,  Md.    See  Winchbster. 


Fords'ville,  a  post-hnmlet  of  Ohio  co.,  Ky.,  25  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  llardlnsburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Ford'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn.,  11 
miles  N.  of  Jonesborough.     It  has  2  churches. 

Fordwich,  Huron  co.,  Ontario.    See  Lisadel. 

Fordyce,  for-d!ce',  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  10 
miles  W.  of  Banff.     Poj).  346. 

For'dyce,an  incorporated  post-town  of  Dallas  co..  Ark., 
29  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Camden,  and  18  miles  (direct)  S.E. 
of  Princeton.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  canning-factory,  a  woollen-mill,  <kc.     Pop.  Dm). 

Fordyce,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co..  Pa. 

Fbred,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Fiza. 

Fore'Iand  (North  and  Soitth),  two  celebrated  licmi- 
lands  in  England,  co.  of  Kent.  The  first,  forming  the  N.K. 
angle  of  the  county  and  the  most  easterly  land  in  Enfrlarni, 
consists  of  chalky  cliffs  nearly  200  feet  in  height,  projc.  iiii;^f 
into  the  North  Sea,  and  has  a  light-house  elevated  Isi  Ic  it" 
The  South  Foreland  is  16  miles  S.  of  the  former,  ami  li;ia 
two  light-houses,  with  an  elevation  of  372  feet. 

F'orenza,  fo-r4n'z&  (anc.  Foren'tuvif),  a  city  of  Italy, 
in  the  Apennines,  province  and  15  miles  N.E.  of  Potcnza. 
Pop.  8085. 

Forest,  a  village  of  Belgium.    See  For£t. 

For'est,  a  county  In  the  N.W.  part  of  Pennsylvania. 
Area,  410  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Allegliany 
River,  Is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  Clarion  River,  and  also 
drained  by  Tionesta  Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and 
mostly  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees ;  jjart 
of  the  soil  is  too  rocky  and  rugged  for  agriculture.  Lumber 
is  the  chief  article  of  export,  and  petroleum  is  found  near 
Tionesta.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Western  New  York  k 
Pennsylvania  and  Pittsburg  k  Western  Railroads,  the  for- 
mer passing  through  Tionesta,  the  cai)ital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
4010;  in  1880,  4385;  in  1890,  8482. 

Forest,  a  post-office  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  is  at  Black- 
bird Station,  17  miles  N.N.W.  of  Dover. 

Forest,  Illinois.    See  Forrest. 

Forest,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.,  11  miles  by 
rail  N.E.  of  Frankfort,  and  14  miles  S.W.  of  Kokomo.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  grain-elevator,  and  a 
stave-factory.     Pop,  about  400. 

Forest,  a  township  of  Winnebago  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  590 
It  includes  Forest  City,  the  county  seat. 

Forest,  a  township  of  Genesee  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1365. 

Forest,  a  township  of  Rice  co.,  Minn.  Pop.  717.  It 
contains  Millersburg  and  Lester, 

Forest,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Scott  co..  Miss.,  on 
the  Vicksburg  A  Meridian  Railroad,  45  miles  E.  of  Jaok.son. 
It  has  3  churches  and  a  newspaper  office,  and  is  surrounded 
by  pine  forests.     Pop.  about  600. 

Forest,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Altona 
township,  on  the  Ogdensburg  <t  Lake  Champlain  Railroad, 
31  miles  E.  of  Malone. 

Forest,  a  post-village  of  Hardin  co.,  0.,  in  Jackson 
township,  at  the  crossing  of  two  railroads,  29  miles  \\ .  of 
Bucyrus,  and  28  miles  S.W.  of  Tiffin.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
union  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  handle-factory, 
2  tile-factories,  2  brick-factories,  a  grist-mill,  <te.  Pop.  in 
1890,  1126. 

Forest,  a  post-office  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa. 

Forest,  a  township  of  Fond  du  Lac  co..  Wis.    Poj,.  1 1 79. 

Forest,  a  hamlet  of  Richland  co..  Wis.,  in  Forest 
township,  44  miles  S.E.  of  La  Crosse.     P.  of  township,  912. 

Forest,  a  township  of  Vernon  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  812. 

Forest,  a  post-village  in  Lambton  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
Grand  Trunk  Railway,  146  miles  W.  of  Toronto.  It  has  a 
good  trade,  and  contains  several  stores,  etc.     Pop.  500. 

For'estburg,  a  post-village  of  Sanborn  co.,  S.D.,  10 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Woonsocket. 

Forestburg,  a  post-township  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y,, 
is  intersected  by  the  Monticello  <fc  Port  Jervis  Railroad. 
Pop.  915.     It  contains  Forestburg  and  Oakland  Valley. 

Forestbnrg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Forestburg  township,  14  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Port  Jervis.  It 
has  a  store,  a  lumber-mill,  and  about  12  dwellings, 

Forestburg,  a  post-office  of  Montague  co.,  Tex. 

Forest  Can'tons,  Switzerland,  are  the  cantons  of 
Lucerne,  Schwytz,  Uri,  and  Untorwalden,  in  the  centre  of 
which  is  the  Lake  of  Lucerne,  or  Lake  of  the  Four  Canton*. 

Forest  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Si.  Francis  co.. 
Ark.,  45  miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Memphis.  It  has  10 
churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  canning-factory. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1021. 

Forest  City,  a  post-village  of  Sierra  co.,  Cal.,  32  miles 
N.E.  of  Nevada  City.  It  has  a  bank,  2  churches,  and  gold- 
mines.   Here  is  a  rich  quartz  lode.     Pop.  in  1890,  238.    -, 


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1195 


FOR 


Forest  City,  a  post-village  of  Mason  co.,  111.,  in  Mason 
Plains  township,  on  the  Peoria,  Pekin  A  Jacksonville  Rail- 
road, 27  miles  S.S.W.  of  Peoria.  It  has  a  church  and  sev- 
eral stores. 

Forest  City,  a  township  of  Howard  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Minnesota  line.     Pop.  941. 

Forest  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Winnebago  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  JMinneapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  34  miles 
6.  by  W.  of  Albert  Lea,  Minn.,  and  about  28  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Mason  City,  Iowa,  it  has  ti  churches,  ii  banks,  and  2 
newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  895. 

Forest  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co..  Me.,  in 
Eaton  township,  on  the  narrows  of  Grand  Lake  or  Chipit- 
neticook,  9  miles  from  Forest  Station.  It  has  an  academy, 
a  tannery,  and  24  dwellings.  It  is  nearly  adjacent  to  a 
post-village  of  the  same  name  in  York  co..  New  Brunswick. 

Forest  City,  a  post-village  of  Meeker  co.,  Minn.,  is  in 
Forest  City  township,  on  Crow  River  (or  its  North  Fork),  6 
miles  N.L.  of  Litchfield,  and  about  30  miles  S.S.W.  of  St. 
Cloud.  It  has  a  money-order  post-office,  2  churches,  a 
woollen-mill,  a  grist-  and  saw-mill,  hotel,  and  several  stores 
and  shops.     Pop.  181;  of  the  township,  451, 

Forest  City,  a  post-village  of  Holt  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
east  bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  near  the  Tarkio  River, 
29  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  St.  Joseph,  and  3  miles  W.  of 
Oregon.  It  has  a  bank,  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
public  school,  and  a  brick-factory.     Pop.  428. 

Forest  City,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Mis- 
soula CO.,  Montana,  on  the  Bitter  Root  Mountains,  about 
70  miles  W.N.W.  of  Missoula.    Elevation,  about  8000  feet. 

Forest  City,  a  post-village  of  Sarpy  co..  Neb.,  is  25 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Omaha.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  <fec. 

Forest  City,  a  hamlet  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y.,  about  4 
miles  N.  of  Ithaca.     Here  is  Forest  Home  Post-Office. 

Forest  City,  a  post-village  of  Rutherford  co.,  N.C.,  4 
miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Rutherfordton.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  cotton-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  419. 

Forest  City,  a  post-borough  of  Susquehanna  co..  Pa., 
6  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Carbondale.  It  has  6  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  coal-breakers,  <fec.     Pop.  2319. 

Forest  City,  a  mining-camp  of  Utah  co.,  Utah.  It 
has  mines  of  silver  and  lead. 

Forest  Cottage,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  Ky.,  40 
miles  S.W.  of  Somerset.     It  has  a  church. 

Forest  Creek,  South  Carolina,  rises  in  Spartanburg 
CO.,  runs  nearly  southeastward,  and  enters  Tiger  River  in 
the  south  part  of  Union  co. 

Forest  Dale,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co.,  0. 

For'estdale,  a  village  of  North  Smithfield  township, 
Providence  co.,  R.I.     Pop.  361. 

Forest  Dale,  a  post-village  of  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  3 
miles  from  Brandon,  and  16  miles  N.  of  Rutland.  It  has  2 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  paint  and  wooden-ware. 

Forest  Depot,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Bedford 
CO.,  Va.,  on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  <fe  Ohio  Railroad,  11 
miles  W.  of  Lynchburg.     It  has  1  or  2  general  stores. 

For'ester,  or  For'rester,  a  post-village  of  Sanilac 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Huron,  in  Forester  township,  40  miles 
N.  of  Port  Huron.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a 
Bhingle-raill.     Pop.  233 ;  of  the  township,  756. 

For'est  Glen,  a  station  on  the  Metropolitan  Branch 
of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Wash- 
ington, D.C.,  and  7  miles  S.  from  Rockville,  Md. 

Forest  Glen,  a  station  in  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Wallkill  Valley  Railroad,  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Kingston. 

Forest  Green,  a  post-office  of  Chariton  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  Keokuk  <fe  Kansas  City  Railroad,  6  miles  from  Glasgow. 

Forest  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Kan- 
sas, 8  miles  N.  of  Independence. 

Forest  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich. 

Forest  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gloucester  co.,  N.J., 
2  miles  from  North  Vineland  Station,  which  is  31  miles  S. 
of  Camden.     It  has  a  church. 

Forest  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co,,  Ore- 
gon, on  the  Oregon  Central  Railroad,  26  miles  W.  of  Port- 
land. Here  is  the  Pacific  University,  which  was  organized 
in  1859  and  has  a  library  of  5000  volumes.  The  village 
has  3  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  668. 

Forest  Grove,  Bucks  co..  Pa.    See  Forestville. 

Forest  Hall,  a  post-office  of  Burke  co.,  Ga. 

Forest  Hill,  a  i)0st-village  of  Placer  co.,  Cal.,  about 
^  miles  N.E.  of  Sacramento.  Gold  is  found  here.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  bank.     Pop,  in  1890,  650. 

Forest  Hill,  a  station  in  Cook  co.,  HI.,  on  the  Colam- 
bus  &  Indiana  Central  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Chicago. 

Forest  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Jackson  township,  about  50  miles  S.E,  of  Indianapolis. 


Forest  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Russell  co,,  Kansas. 

Forest  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Harford  co.,  -Md.,  31 
miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
graded  school,  and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  300. 

Forest  Hill,  a  station  on  the  Boston  <fc  Providence 
Railroad,  near  the  Forest  Hill  Cemetery,  4^  miles  S.W.  of 
Boston,  Mass.,  at  the  junction  of  a  branch  to  Dedham. 

Forest  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gratiot  co.,  Mich.,  on 
Pine  River,  4  miles  N.  of  Alma. 

Forest  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co..  Pa.,  in  West 
Buffalo  township,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Williamsport.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Forest  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn. 

Forest  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Bell  co.,  Tex. 

Forest  Hill,  a  post-vilLage  of  Brunswick  co.,  Va.,  18 
miles  W.  of  Jarrett's  Station.     It  has  several  churches. 

Forest  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Summers  co..  W,  \'a..,  9 
miles  S.W.  of  Talcott  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Forest  Home,  nn  incorporated  post-town  of  Butler 
CO.,  Ala.,  7  miles  S.  of  Greenville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Forest  Home,  a  post-office  of  Amador  co.,  Cal. 

Forest  Home,  a  jwst-village  of  Poweshiek  co.,  Iowa, 
in  Union  township,  about  18  miles  N.  of  Oskaloosa.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  banls,  a  high  school,  and  a  woollen-factory. 

Forest  Home,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co..  Miss. 

Forest  Homie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Mo., 

9  miles  E.  of  Sarcoxie  Station. 

Forest  Home,  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y.    See  Forest  City. 

Forest  Home,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad,  35  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Jefferson. 
It  has  several  stores  and  lumber-mills.     Pop.  350. 

Forest  House,  a  post-hamlet  of  Potter  co..  Pa.,  at 
Keating  Station  on  the  Buffiilo,  New  York  &  Philadelphia 
Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of  Emporium.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Forest  House,  a  station  in  Waukesha  co.,  Wis.,  on  the 
Prairie  du  Chien  division  of  the  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  17  miles  W.  of  Milwaukee. 

Forest  Junction,  a  post-village  of  Calumet  co..  Wis., 
in  Brill  ion  township,  on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad 
where  it  crosses  the  Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore  &,  Western 
Railroad,  16  miles  E.  of  Appleton,  and  91  miles  N.  of  Mil- 
waukee.    It  has  a  hotel  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Forest  Lake,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of 
Washington  co.,  Minn.,  in  Forest  Lake  township,  on  the 
Lake  Superior  <fc  Mississippi  Railroad,  25  miles  N.  of  St; 
Paul.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  township,  89. 

Forest  Lake,  a  post-township  of  Susquehanna  eo., 
Pa.,  about  7  miles  N.W.  of  Montrose.  It  has  3  churches. 
Itsprincipal  industry  is  the  dairy  business.     Pop.  995. 

Forest  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa,  8 
miles  S.  of  Waukon.     Here  are  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Forest  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Lennox  co.,  Ontario, 

10  miles  N.W.  of  Napanee.     It  contains  a  woollen-factory 
and  a  store.     Pop.  200. 

Forest  Mound,  a  hamlet  of  Wabasha  oo.,  Minn.,  about 
14  miles  N.E.  of  Rochester. 

Foresto,  fo-ris'to,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Bergamo,  3  miles  W.  of  Sarnico.     Pop.  1120. 

Forest  of  Argonne,  France.     See  Argonne. 

Forest  of  Bere,  a  tract  of  forest-land  in  England,  co» 
of  Hants,  between  Portsdown  and  the  Southdown  ranges. 

Forest  of  Dean,  England.     See  Dean  Forest. 

For'eston,  or  For'reston,  a  post-village  of  Ogle  co., 
111.,  in  Foreston  township,  and  on  the  Illinois  Central  Rail- 
road, at  its  junction  with  the  Chicago  &  Iowa  Railroad,  120 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Chicago,  and  12  miles  S.  of  Freeport. 
It  has  a  bank,  7  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded 
school,  and  a  carriage-factory.  Pop.  in  1890,  1118;  of  the 
township,  2217. 

Foreston,  a  hamlet  of  Howard  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Upper  Iowa  River,  about  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Charles  City. 

Foreston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarendon  co.,  S.C,  on 
Pritchetfs  Railroawl,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Lane's  Junction. 
It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  pine  lumber  and 
naval  stores. 

Forest  Park,  a  station  in  St.  Louis  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern  Railroad,  4  miles  from 
St.  Louis. 

Forestport,  a  post-village  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Forestport  township,  on  Black  River,  2  miles  from  Alder 
Creek  Station,  which  is  28  miles  N.  of  Utica.  It  has  4 
churches,  the  Forestport  Institute,  a  tannery,  and  a  lumber- 
mill.     Pop.  about  800 ;  of  the  township,  1284. 

Forest  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  township  of  Meeker  co., 
Minn.     Pop.  350. 

Forest  Kanch,  a  post-office  of  Butte  co.,  Cal. 

Forest  Rivera  a  station  in  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 


FOR 


3196 


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Saloiu  Ji  Mnrbkheod  Bnnoh  of  the  Eutera  Railroad,  2 
Btlles  from  li^alem. 

,  Forest  station,  %  post-offloe  of  Clayton  oo.,  Ha.,  on 
the  Macon  *  Wentcrn  Railroad,  10  or  11  miles  S.  of  Atlanta. 

Forest  Station,  a  post-uOico  of  Wu«hinf;ton  co.,  Me., 
on  the  European  A  North  American  IlailrtMui,  17  niilei 
5l.W.  of  Vaooeborottgh. 

r  Forest  StatiOBy  a  poat-o£Bce  of  Shenandoah  oo.,  Va., 
on  a  bninch  of  the  Daltimoro  A  Ohio  Railroad,  20  miles 
6.8.W.  of  Stranburg. 

For'estville,  a  post-villago  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Fulton  A  Quornevillo  Railroad,  69  miles  by  rail  N.  of  San 
Frnncisoo.   It  haa  a  church,  a  chair-factory,  and  a  raw-mill. 

Forestville«  a  post-village  of  llartturd  co..  Conn.,  on 
Abe  Hartford,  Providence  A  Fishkill  Railroad,  16  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Hartford.  It  has  4  churches,  several  clock- 
ifaotories,  and  manufactures  of  lamp-burners,  brass-goods, 
olo(;k-trimming8,  and  chronometers.     Pop.  about  200U. 

Forestville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Maquoketa  River,  about  60  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Dubuque. 
It  has  a  flouring-mill. 

Forestville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hart  oo.,  Ky.,  6  miles 
W.  of  Munfordville,  and  li  miles  N.  of  Green  River.  It 
has  a  tannery  and  a  saw-mill. 

Forestville,  a  poet-village  of  Prince  George's  co.,  Md., 
8  or  0  miles  K.S.E.  of  Washington,  B.C.    It  has  2  churches. 

Forestville,  a  post-village  of  Snnilac  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Delaware  township,  on  Lake  Huron,  28  miles  N.  of  Lc.v- 
ington.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  grist-mill,  a 
saw-mill,  and  a  shiugle-mill.     Pop.  about  300. 

Forestville,  a  post-village  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Forestville  township,  on  the  South  Uranoh  of  Root  River, 
about  40  miles  £.  of  Austin.  It  has  great  water-power,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  bank.     Pop.  of  the  township,  755. 

Forestville,  an  incorporated  post-villnge  of  Chautau- 
qua CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Hanover  township,  on  the  Erie  Rnilroad, 
8  miles  E.  of  Dunkirk.  It  contains  a  bank,  a  free  academy, 
6  churches,  a  flouring-mill,  a  tannery,  a  canning-factory,  a 
veneering-faetory,  and  a  step-ladder-factory.  A  weekly 
newspaper  is  published  here.     Pop.  788, 

Forestville,  a  post-villnge  ol  Wake  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Raleigh  A  Uaston  Railroad,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Raleigh.  It 
has  a  church,  an  academy,  and  a  plough-factory. 

Forestville,  a  hamlet  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  in  Bucking- 
ham township,  4J  miles  S.E.  of  Doylestown,  It  has  a 
church.     Its  post-office  is  Forest  Grove. 

Forestville,  a  mining  post-village  of  Butler  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Shenango  &  Alleghany  Railroad,  ^  mile  from  Harris- 
ville  Station.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

,   Forestville,  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.    See  FonnESTviLLE. 
.(Forestville,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  S.C. 
,    Forestville,  a  ])ost-hamlet  of  Shenandoah  oo.,  Va.,  4 
miles  from  Forest  Station.     It  has  2  churche."". 

Forestville,  a  post-villago  of  Door  co..  Wis.,  in  Forest- 
yillo  township,  about  25  miles  S.E.  of  Oconto,  and  20  miles 
N.  of  Kewaunee.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  lum- 
ber-mill. The  township  is  about  1  mile  W.  of  Lake  Mich- 
igan.    Pop.  of  the  township,  802. 

Forestville,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk  co.,  Ontario,  14 
miles  S.  of  Simcoo.  It  contains  a  carding-mill,  a  saw-mill, 
and  2  stores.     Pop.  100. 

Forest  Wharf,  a  shipping-point  of  St.  Mary'soo.,  Md., 
on  the  Patuxcnt  River. 

Foret,  or  Forest,  fo'rA'  or  fo'rfih'  (Flemish,  Vorst, 
vORSt),  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  7  miles  S.E.  of 
Liege,  on  the  Vesdre.     Pop,  2680. 

Foret,  a  village  of  France.    See  La  ForSt. 

Forez,  fo'ri',  an  old  division  of  France,  in  the  province 
of  Lyonnais,  the  capital  of  which  was  Montbrison,  now 
forming  the  greater  part  of  the  department  of  Loire. 

For'far,  Forfarshire,  for'far-shjr,  or  Angus,  ang'- 
gus,  a  maritime  county  of  Scotland,  having  E.  the  North 
Sea,  and  S.  the  Firth  of  Tay.  Area,  890  square  miles.  The 
surface  is  naturally  divided  into  four  parallel  belts,  running 
from  N.E.  to  S.W.,  viz.,  the  Braes  of  Angus,  a  part  of  the 
Grampian  range  ;  the  Vale  of  Strathmore ;  the  Sidlaw  Hills  ; 
the  rich  plain  on  the  Firth  of  Tay  and  the  sea.  The  prin- 
cipal rivers  are  the  North  and  South  Esks,  and  the  Isla. 
Forfar  is  the  chief  seat  of  the  linen-manufactures  of  Scot- 
land. It  has  5  royal  burghs,  viz.,  Dundee,  Arbroath,  For- 
far, Montrose,  and  Brechin.  It  sends  three  members  to  the 
House  of  Commons,  one  being  for  the  county.    Pop.  277,788. 

Forfar,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  capital  of  the  county  of 
Forfar,  in  the  vale  of  Strathmore,  at  a  railway  junction,  14 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Dundee.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  handsome 
county  buildings,  an  excellent  news-room  and  library,  and 
ouuieroua  schools  and  places  of  worship,  with  manufactures 


of  brognea  and  lineni.  Forfar  unites  with  Montrose,  Ar- 
broath, Brechin,  and  Bervie.  in  sending  one  member  to  the 
House  of  Commons.     Pop,  (1891)  12,844. 

For'far,  a  post-villnge  in  Leeds  co.,  Ontario,  %2  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  Brookville.     Pop.  100. 

Forg,  forg,  a  town  of  Persia,  province  of  Lnristun,  175 
miles  S.E.  of  Sheeraz.  It  is  enclosed  by  an  earthen  ram- 
part, is  tvell  furnished  with  water,  and  has  a  fortified  palaoe 
and  about  200  honses. 

Forgaria,  fon-g&'re-i,  a  village  of  Italy,  near  the  Ta- 
glinmento,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Udine.     Pop.  29.'i8. 

Forge  (fOrj)  Bridge,  a  station  in  Somerset  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Pittsburg,  Connellsville  A  Washington  Railroad,  2  milei 
W.  of  Cossellmnn. 

Forge  Hollow,  a  hamlet  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Marshall  township,  2i  miles  from  Dennsville. 

Forgcs-les-Knux,  fonzh-lAz-O,  a  town  of  Franco,  in 
Seine-Infi'riouro,  28  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Boucn.  It  has 
mineral  springs,  and  an  establishment  of  baths,  frequented 
from  July  to  September.     Pop.  1605. 

Forge  Village,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass., 
in  Westford  township,  on  the  Stony  Brook  Railroad,  10 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Lowell.  It  has  a  manufactory  of  horse- 
shoe nails  and  a  large  ice-house.  Here  is  a  pond  from  which 
ice  is  exported. 

Foria,  fo're-i,  or  Forio,  fo're-o,  a  town  of  Italy,  on 
the  W.  coast  of  the  island  of  Ischia,  16  miles  W.S.AV.  of 
Pozzuoli,  Pop,  6704.  It  is  beautifully  situated,  and  has  a 
good  harbor.     Near  it  are  mineral  baths. 

For'istell',  a  post-village  of  St.  Charles  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  A  Northern  Railroad,  48  railea 
W.N.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  2  churches,  3  stores,  2  wagon- 
shops,  a  creamery,  and  2  tobacco-factories.     Pop.  about  300. 

!•  ork,  a  post-township  of  Mecosta  co.,  Mich.,  about  34 
miles  N.  of  Stanton.     Pop.  153. 

Fork,  a  township  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1562. 

Fork  Church,  a  post-hamlet  of  Davie  co.,  N.C.,  10 
miles  from  Lexington.  It  has  a  church  and  Yadkin  Col- 
lego  (male). 

Fork  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Tenn. 

Forked  Deer  lliver,  West  Tennessee,  is  formed  by 
its  North  and  South  Forks,  which  unite  in  Dyer  co.,  2  or  .3 
miles  S.W.  of  Dyersburg.  It  runs  southwestward  through 
Lauderdale  co.,  and  enters  the  Mississippi  River.  The  main 
stream  is  nearly  40  miles  long.  The  South  Fork,  which  is 
about  120  miles  long,  runs  westward  and  northwe.«t\vnrd  and 
intersects  the  cos.  of  Madison  and  Haywood.  The  North 
Fork  rises  in  Gibson  co.,  and  runs  westward  until  it  joins 
the  South  Fork.     The  latter  is  navigable  for  small  boats. 

Forked  Head,  a  headland  of  Capo  Breton  Island,  ol 
the  S.E.  coast,  between  Fourchu  and  Portland  Cove. 

Forked  River,  a  post- village  in  Lacey  township,  Ocean 
CO.,  N.J. ,  on  theNew  Jersey  Southern  Railroad,  Toms  River 
Branch,  8  miles  S.  of  Toms  River,  and  2  miles  W.  of  Bar- 
negat  Bay.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  hotel. 

Fork'land,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  Ala.,  2  miles 
from  the  Tombigbee  River,  and  11  miles  from  Demopolis. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  seminary. 

Forkiand,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nottoway  co.,  Va.,  6  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Blacks  and  Whites  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Fork  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.,  N.C. 

Fork'ner's  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Webster  co..  Mo., 
about  11  miles  (direct)  N.  of  Marshfield,  the  capital  of  the 
county.     It  has  a  general  store. 

Fork  River,  a  village  of  Wayne  co.,  N.C,  in  Fork 
River  township.     Pop.  811 ;  of  the  township,  1611, 

Forks,  a  plantation  in  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  near  the 
"forks"  of  the  Kennebec  River.     Pop.  159. 

Forks,  a  station  in  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  main  line  of 
the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of  Buffivlo. 

Forks,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  Pa.,  on  Fishing 
Creek,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Bloomsburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Forks,  a  township  of  Northampton  co,.  Pa.,  on  the 
Delaware  River,     Pop,  1450, 

Forks,  a  township  of  Sullivan  co,,  Pa.  Pop.  854.  It 
contains  Forksville. 

Forks'burg,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  W.  Va. 

Forks  Creek,  a  post  office  and  station  of  Jefferson  oo., 
Col.,  in  Clear  Creek  Canon,  on  the  Colorado  Central  Railroad, 
at  the  junction  of  the  Georgetown  Branch,  7  miles  S.E.  of 
Black  Hawk.     Gold  is  mined  here. 

Fork  Shoals,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C,  1? 
miles  S.  of  Greenville.     It  has  a  church. 

Forks  Middle  River,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Glkxels. 

Forks  of  Buffalo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Amherst  co.,  Va., 
41  miles  N.W.  of  Amherst  Depot.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  flour-mill. 


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Forks  of  Ca'ponjapost-officeofHampshireco.iW.Va. 
!  Forks  of  Elk'horn,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co., 
j  Ky.,  0  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Frankfort.  It  has  general 
!  stores  and  business  houses. 

i      Forks  of  Little  San'dy,  a  post-office  of  Kanawha 
(  CO.,  W.  Va.,  about  8  miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Charleston. 

Forks  of  Pigeon,  pij'un,  a  post-office  of  Haywood 
i  CO.,  N.C. 

Forks  of  Salmon,  sam'on,  a  post-oflRce  of  Siskiyou 
CO.,  Cal.,  42  miles  (direct)  S.W.  of  Yreka,  the  capital  of  the 
county.     It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  general  store. 

Forks  Sta'tion,  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Delaware,  Lackawanna  <fc  Western  Railroad,  .34  miles  S.E. 
of  Scranton.  It  has  a  church.  There  are  several  summer 
boarding-houses  near  it. 

Forks'ton,  a  post-village  of  Wyoming  oo.,  Pa.,  in 
Forkston  township,  on  Mehoopany  Creek,  about  34  miles 
N.W.  of  Scranton.  It  has  2  churches,  a  cider-mill,  a  saw- 
and  planing-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  distillery.  Pop.  about 
3U0. 

Forks'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ouachita  parish,  La.,  12 
Miles  AV.  by  N.  of  Monroe.     It  has  a  church. 

Forksville,  a  post-borough  of  Sullivan  co..  Pa.,  on 
Loyalsock  Creek,  about  28  miles  N.E.  of  Williamsport.  It 
has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a  furniture-factory  and  a  graded 
school.     Pop.  in  1890,  191. 

Forksville,  a  post-office  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  Va.,  about 
17  miles  (direct)  E.  by  N.  of  Boydton. 

Fork'town,  a  hamlet  of  Somerset  co.,  Md.,  on  the  East- 
ern Shore  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Salisbury. 

Fork  Union,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fluvanna  co.,  Va.,  30 
miles  S.  of  Charlottesville.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  tannery. 

Fork'vale,  a  post-office  of  Campbell  co.,  Tenn. 

Forlerz,  the  Wcndish  name  of  Gorlitz. 

Forii,  foR-lee'  (anc.  Fo'rum  Liv'ii),  a  walled  city  of 
Central  Italy,  capital  of  a  province  of  its  own  name,  40 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Bologna,  at  the  foot  of  the  Apennines, 
in  a  pleasant  and  fertile  plain,  watered  by  the  Ronco  and 
Montone.  It  is  handsome  and  well  built,  with  a  spacious 
square,  and  contains  many  beautiful  buildings,  including 
several  palaces,  one  of  which,  the  Palazzo  Guerini,  is  after 
the  designs  of  Michael  Angelo.  It  also  has  a  cathedral 
and  several  other  churches,  most  of  which  are  adorned 
with  fine  paintings,  by  Cignani,  Guido,  and  other  masters. 
There  are  likewise  convents  in  the  town,  and  a  famous 
citadel,  now  a  prison.  Forli  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a 
college,  a  public  library,  and  some  literary  societies,  manu- 
factures of  silk  ribbons,  silk  twist,  oil-cloth,  woollen  stuffs, 
wax,  nitre,  and  refined  sulphur,  and  a  trade  in  corn,  wines, 
oil,  hemp,  and  anise-seed.     Pop.  38,480. 

Forli,  a  province  of  Central  Italy,  in  Emilia,  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  Adriatic.  Area,  716  square  miles.  Capi- 
tal, Forli.     Pop.  in  1890,  267,545. 

Forli,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Campobasso,  7i 
niiles  N.  of  Isernia.     Pop.  2200. 

Forlimpopoli,foR-lim-pop'o-le(anc. /'o'rttmPopt7'i"i), 
a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  5  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Forli. 
It  has  an  ancient  castle,  and  some  trade  in  wine,  flax,  and 
Bilk.    Pop.  5110. 

For'man,  a  post-village  of  Lake  co.,  Mich.,  15  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Reed  City,  and  33  miles  E.  of  Ludington.  It 
has  3  large  lumber-mills.     Pop.  about  200. 

Forman,  an  incorporated  post-village,  capital  of  Sar- 
gent CO.,  N.D.,  36  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Hankinson.  It  has 
a  church,  a  bank,  a  common  graded  school  and  2  newspaper 
offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  178. 

Formentera,  foR-mJn-ti'rS.  (anc.  Pifyu'aa),one  of  the 
Balearic  Islands,  in  the  Mediterranean,  6  miles  S.  of  Iviga, 
13  miles  in  length.     Pop.  1800. 

Formerie,  foR'm§h-ree',  a  town  of  France,  in  Oise,  21 
miles  N.X.W.  of  Beauvais.     Pop.  1349. 

Formiaj,  the  ancient  name  of  Mola  di  Gaeta. 

Formiche,  foR-mcc'ki,  two  small  islands  in  the  Medi- 
terranean, off  the  AV.  coast  of  Sicily,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Tra- 
pani,  the  E.  and  larger  being  covered  with  stone  buildings 
and  having  a  toleralile  harbor, 

Formiche,  foR-mee'kA,  a  group  of  islands  in  the  Medi- 
terranean, off  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Elba. 

Formiche  di  Grosseto,  foR-mee'ki  dee  gros-si'to, 
a  group  of  islands  in  the  Mediterranean,  including  Monte 
Christo,  Giannuti,  Giglio,  <fee. 

Formicola,  foa-mee'ko-ll,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
of  Ca.«erta,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Capu.a.     Pop.  2263. 

Formiga,  foR-mee'gS,,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  Minas- 
Geraes,  140  miles  E.  of  Villa  Rica.     Pop.  2000. 

Formigara,  fou-me-gU'ri,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy, 
in  Cremona,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Soresina.     Pop.  1149. 


Formigas,  foR-mee'g&s,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  Minas- 
Geraes,  100  miles  W.N.W,  of  Minas-Novas.     Pop.  1000. 

Formigine,  foR-me-jee'ni,  a  town  of  North  Italy,  6 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Modena.     Pop.  of  commune,  6257. 

Formigny,  foR^meen'yee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Cal- 
vados, 12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bayeux,  famous  for  a  battle  be- 
tween the  French  and  English,  in  1450,  in  which  the  latter 
were  defeated.     Pop.  617. 

Formo'sa  (Chinese,  Tai-Wan  or  Tai-Ouan,  ti-viLn' , 
Fr.  Formone,  foR^iiioz' ;  Port.  Formoza,  foR-mo'si,  i.e., 
"  beautiful"),  an  island  of  the  China  Sea,  between  lat.  22" 
and  25°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  120°  30'  and  122°  E.  Length, 
from  N.  to  S.,  245  miles;  breadth  at  the  broadest  part, 
which  is  at  the  centre,  about  100  miles.  Area,  14,982 
square  miles.  The  whole  coast  of  the  island  facing  the 
mainland,  and  for  a  considerable  distance  inland,  belongs 
to  China,  and  is  included  in  the  government  of  the  province 
of  Fo-Kien,  from  which  it  is  distant  about  90  miles.  The 
remainder,  or  E.  side  of  the  island,  is  occupied  by  aborigi- 
nes. Formosa  is  intersected  throughout  its  whole  length 
by  ridges  of  mountains  called  Muh  Kan  Shan,  some  of  whose 
summits  are  supposed  to  exceed  the  elevation  of  12,000 
feet,  and  are  covered  with  snow  during  a  part  of  the  year. 
Their  declivities  are  clothed  with  fine  trees  and  pasture- 
grounds,  giving  the  island  a  very  attractive  appearance 
from  the  sea,  whence  its  Portuguese  name.  These  moun- 
tains present  many  evidences  of  former  volcanic  action. 
Rivers  are  numerous  on  the  W.  side,  but  most  of  them  are 
mere  mountain-torrents.  The  soil  of  the  lower  tracts  and 
the  more  gentle  slopes  of  the  mountains  is  extremely  fer- 
tile and  well  cultivated,  and  the  climate  is  salubrious.  Hot 
springs  are  numerous,  and  sulphur  and  petroleum  exist 
largely.  AVheat,  rice  of  superior  quality,  millet,  maize, 
several  kinds  of  vegetables,  sugar-cane,  oranges,  guavas, 
pine-apples,  cocoanuts,  areca-nuts,  peaches,  apricots,  figs, 
grapes,  pomegranates,  chestnuts,  and  melons  are  raised  in 
large  quantities.  The  commerce  of  Formosa  is  confined 
chiefly  to  Fo-Kien  and  to  a  few  of  the  other  eastern  prov- 
inces of  China,  from  which  it  imports  raw  silk,  woollen  and 
cotton  stuffs,  and  other  manufactures.  The  rice-trade,  be- 
tween the  island  and  the  mainland,  employs  many  vessels. 
The  exports  are  rice,  camphor,  salt,  camphor-wood,  bamboos, 
sugar,  coal,  sulphur,  maize,  fruits,  timber,  and  tea.  The  do- 
mestic animals  are  cattle,  buffaloes,  horses,  asses,  goats,  sheep, 
and  hogs.  The  E.  part  of  the  island  is  said  to  be  infested 
with  tigers,  leopards,  and  wolves,  but  none  are  met  with  in 
the  cultivated  districts  on  the  W.  side.  Coal  of  fair  quality, 
and  extending  over  a  large  area,  is  wrought  in  the  N.  part 
of  the  island,  in  the  vicinity  of  Kee-Lung.  The  aboriginea 
are  of  a  slender  shape,  olive  complexion,  wear  long  hair, 
and  blacken  their  teeth.  They  are  divided  into  numerous 
tribes,  some  of  them  with  written  languages,  are  honest 
and  just  in  their  dealings,  but  revengeful.  The  Chinese 
portion  of  the  island  is  divided  into  four  districts,  the  capi- 
tal of  which  is  Tai-Wan-Foo.  The  Chinese  had  no  knowl- 
edge of  Formosa  till  the  year  7403,  and  their  sway  was 
not  established  over  it  till  1683.  Since  then  it  has  greatly 
flourished  through  their  industry,  perseverance,  and  agri- 
cultural skill.  An  extensive  emigration  is  still  going  on 
from  the  continent ;  and  lands  are  taken  up  by  capitalists 
who  not  only  encourage  the  people  to  go  over,  but  pur- 
chase large  numbers  of  poor  persons  to  occupy  them.  In 
1632  the  Dutch  became  masters  of  it,  but  they  were  ex- 
pelled by  the  pirate  Coxinga,  whose  successors  ruled  kere 
till  1683.  Latterly,  the  government  has  regarded  Formosa 
as  a  kind  of  experimental  colony,  where  innovations  in 
administration  are  permitted  which  are  not  allowable  on 
the  mainland.     Pop.  estimated  at  3,000,000. 

Formosa,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Kagool, 

Formosa,  foR-mo'sl,  the  northernmost  of  the  Bissagos 
Islands,  off  the  W.  coast  of  Africa.  It  is  fertile  and  well 
wooded,  but  has  no  good  water.  This  is  a  name  also  of  the 
river  of  Benin,  of  bays  on  the  Brazil  and  Zanguebar  coasts, 
and  of  a  village  of  Sicily,  S.E.  of  Trapani. 

Formosa,  or  Formoso.    See  Benin  River. 

Formosa  (for-mo'si).  Mount  and  River,  near  the  S.E. 
extremity  of  the  Malay  Peninsula,  in  Malacca  Strait. 
The  mount  is  in  lat.  1°  49'  N.,  Ion.  102°  55'  E.,  40  miles  E. 
of  Malacca.  The  W.  end  forms  the  bluff  point  of  land 
called  Point  Sizan,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  entrance  of  Formosa 
River,  which  is  of  considerable  length,  and  falls  into  tb« 
Strait  of  Malacca  at  lat.  2°  N.,  Ion.  102°  50'  E. 

Formosa,  a  town  of  Brazil.    See  Serenhem. 

Formo'sa,  a  township  of  Halifax  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  2957. 

Formo'sa,  a  post-village  in  Bruce  co.,  Ontario,  8  miles 
S.W.  of  Walkerton.  It  contains  a  woollen-mill,  a  brewery 
saw- and  grist-mill,  3  hotels,,  and  2  stores.     Pop.  150. 


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Formoset  u  island  of  China.    Se«  Foumosa. 

FornaSt  foB'ni«',  a  villaKO  uf  Asia  Minor,  7  miles  S.E. 
•f  th«  ruins  of  Xanlhiu,  and  near  thoxo  of  Patotn. 

FornellSf  foK'nAls',  or  Foruella,  fua-nAl'l&,  a  for< 
UBod  ftsbing  towrn  of  tbo  island  of  Minoroa,  on  its  N.  coast, 
12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Port  Mahon,  with  an  excellent  harbor. 

For^noVf  a  }MMt-hamlet  of  Cboroltoe  oo.,  Ala.,  7i  uiilos 
from  Cave  Spring.     It  has  a  church. 

.  Forneyf  a  post-village  of  KaufuinD  co.,  Tex.,  20  miles 
hy  rail  K.  of  Dalian.  It  bus  b  churches,  a  bunk,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Bois-d'aro  timber  abounds  here. 

Forney's  Crcekt  a  post-offioe  of  Swain  co.,  N.C. 

FurnOf  fon'no,  sereral  Tillages  of  Northern  Italy,  the 
principal  being  Foii.vo  di  IUvara,  foit'no  dee  re-v&'r&,  in 
Piedmont,  31  miles  N.W.  of  Turin.     Pop.  2848. 

Fornos  d'Algudres,  foR'nooe  d&l-go'dr^a,  a  town  of 
Portugal,  in  licira,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Visou.     Pop.  \'ib\. 

ForaovOf  foR-no'vo  (ano.  Fo'mm  No'vum),  a  town  of 
Northern  lUly,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Parma.     Pop,  3273. 

For'rea^  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.of  Moray,  10  miles  by 
rail  W.S.W.  of  Elgin.  It  is  neatly  built,  hsia  a  town  house,  an 
academy,  a  library,  remains  of  a  castle,  a  tower  in  honor 
of  Nelson,  and  near  it  a  romarkablo  ancient  obelisk,  called 
Sweno's  Pillar.  According  to  Shakspcare  and  the  old  chron- 
icles, it  was  on  a  "  blasted  heath"  near  Forres  that  Macbeth 
first  mot  the  weird  sisters.  Findhorn,  4  miles  to  the  N., 
is  the  soaport.     Pop.  3969. 

For'rest,or  For'est,a  post-village  of  Livingston  co., 
III.,  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the  Toledo, 
Peoria  <fc  Warsaw  Railroad,  75  miles  E.  of  Peoria,  and  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Pontiac.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  graded 
school.     Pop.  estimated  at  600;  of  the  township,  1084. 

Forrest)  a  station  in  Crawford  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Mack- 
inaw division  of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  1  mile  N. 
of  Grayling,  and  102  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Bay  City. 

Forrest*  a  station  in  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad  (Downingtown  &,  Wayncsburg  Branch),  14 
miles  N.W.  of  Downingtown. 

Forrest  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  St.  Francis  co., 
Ark.,  on  the  Memphis  &,  Little  Rock  Railroad,  45  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Memphis,  and  89  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Little  Rock. 
It  has  a  money-order  post-ofiSce,  numerous  stores,  a  news- 
paper office,  5  churches,  a  Hour-mill,  and  a  lumber-mill. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1021. 

Forrester,  Michigan.    See  Foresteh. 

For'rester's,  a  station  in  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of  La  Porte. 

Forrestoii,  a  village  of  Illinois.     See  Forestos. 

For'restville,  a  mining-village  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa., 
in  Cass  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Mine  Hill  <fc  Schuyl- 
kill Valley  Railroad,  2  miles  N.W.  of  Minei-sville.  It  has 
a  church  and  2  collieries. 

For'ristall's,  or  Auld's  Cove,  a  post-hamlet  in 
Guysborough  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Strait  of  Canso,  op- 
posite Port  Hastings.     Pop.  150. 

Forro,  foR'no',  written  also  Forrou,  a  town  of  Hun- 
gary, on  the  llernad,  30  miles  S.  of  Kaschau.     Pop.  1400. 

Form,  foR-noo',  a  village  on  the  island  of  Sardinia,  23 
miles  S.E.  of  Oristano.     Pop.  894. 

Forse,  forss,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Caithness,  falls 
into  the  Pentland  Firth  ne.ar  a  village  of  the  same  name. 

Forst,  foRst,  or  Forsta,  fous'ti,  a  town  of  Pru.ssia,  in 
Brandenburg,  20  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Cottbus,  on  an  island 
in  the  Ncisse.  Pop.  14,131,  employed  in  potteries  and  in 
weaving  linens  and  woollens. 

Forsyth,  for^sith',  a  northern  county  of  Ocorgia,  has  an 
area  of  about  300  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E, 
by  the  Chattahoochee  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the 
Etowah  River,  The  surface  is  hilly  and  extensively  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  produces  some  cotton,  Indian  corn, 
and  wheat,  and  gold  and  copper  are  found  in  this  county. 
Capital,  Cumming.  Pop.  in  1870,  7983;  in  1880,  10,559; 
in  1890,  11,155, 

Forsytli,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  North  Carolina, 
has  an  area  about  372  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  the  Yadkin  River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  a 
large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Richmond  &  Danville 
and  Roanoke  &  Southern  Railroads.  Capital,  Winston. 
Pop.  in  1870,  13,050;  in  1880,  18,070;  in  1890,  28,434. 

Forsyth,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Monroe  co.,  Ga.,  27 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Macon,  and  76  miles  S. S.E.  of  Atlanta. 
It  contains  a  court-house,  7  churches,  2  newspaper  offices, 
the  Monroe  Female  College,  the  Hilliard  Institute  (male), 
2  ban  king- bouses,  a  cotton-faetory,  a  fertilizer-factory,  and 
*  car;riage-  and  (>ugg7-facU>ry.    Pop.  in  1890,  920. 


Forsyth,  or  Forsythe,  a  post-village  of  Macon  oo. 
III.,  6  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Decatur.     It  has  a  church. 

Forsyth,  a  po»t-town»hip  of  Marquolte  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
270.     It  contains  Little  Lake  Station. 

Forsyth,  a  post-vilUge,  capital  of  Taney  co.,  Mo.,  on 
the  White  River,  about  40  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Springfield.  I( 
has  a  church,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  dihti  let  school, 
and  manufactures  of  Hour  and  lumber.     Pop.  25(1. 

Fort  Ab'crcronibie,  a  post- village  <>f  Richland  oo., 
N.D.,  on  the  Red  River,  24  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Wuhpeion'. 
It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  a  public  school,  and  manufactures 
of  bricks.     Pop.  about  175. 

Fort  Abraham  Lincoln,  a  po^t-offico  and  military 
post  of  Morton  co.,  N.D.,  is  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Missouri 
River,  and  on  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  5  or  6  miles 
below  Bismarck.  Six  companies  of  cavalry  and  3  of 
infantry  are  stationed  here.  This  place  is  the  great  depot 
of  supplies  for  posts  on  the  Yellowstone  River. 

Fort  Ad'ams,  a  post-village  of  Wilkinson  co..  Miss., 
on  the  Missis'sippi  River,  al)out3S  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Natchet. 
It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  about  150. 

Fort  Adams,  a  defensive  work  on  Brcnton's  Point,  a( 
the  entrance  to  the  harbor  of  Newport,  R.I,  It  was  con- 
structed 1824-38. 

Fort  Al'amo,  of  Bexar  co,,  To.\,,  near  San  Antonio. 
Here,  March  6,  183C,  a  small  garrison  of  Te.xans  bravely 
resisted  n  body  of  Mexicans  ten  times  their  number,  and 
perished  to  a  man;  whence  this  spot  has  been  called  tb« 
ThennopylaB  of  Texas. 

Fortaleza,  foR-ti-lA'z&,  a  city  of  Brazil,  capital  of  the 
province  of  Ceanl,  on  a  bay  in  the  Atlantic,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  river  CearA.  Lat.  3°  42'  S. ;  Ion.  33°  30'  W.  Pop. 
20,000.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  palace  of  the  gov- 
ernor, a  Latin  school,  and  a  hospital.  Previous  to  1823  it 
was  called  Ckara,  or  Villa  ik>  Forte, 

Fortana,  foR-tl'ni,  the  easternmost  of  the  Bonin 
Islands,  intho  Pacific  Ocoan,  near  lat.  25°  N.,  Ion.  143°30'  li. 

Fort  Aiicicut,  iin'sh^nt,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co., 
0.,  on  the  Littlu  Miami  River,  and  on  the  Little  MiainJ 
Railroad,  42  miles  N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  43.  Hero  is  an  anoieat  earthwork,  on  which  large  trees 
are  growing. 

Fort  An'drew,  a  United  States  work  on  Gurnet  Point, 
9  miles  N.E.  of  Plymouth,  Mass. 

Fortaiiete,  foR-ti-nA't4,  a  town  of  Spain,  .14  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Terucl.    Pop.  1573,    It  has  manufactures  of  linen. 

Fort  Ann,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Fort  Ann  township,  on  Wood  Creek,  the  Champlain  Cuual, 
and  the  Rensselaer  <fc  Saratoga  Railroad,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Whitehall,  and  67  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Albany.  It  contains 
a  bank,  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  goods  and 
pulp.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  Lake 
George.     Its  surface  is  mountainous.     Pop.  2696. 

Fort  At'liinson,  a  post- village  of  Winneshiek  co., 
Iowa,  on  Turkey  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  & 
St.  Paul  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Calmar,  and  41  miles  E. 
of  Charles  City.  It  has  4  churches,  manufactures  of  egg- 
cases,  and  flour-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  480. 

Fort  Atkinson,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Wis., 
in  Koshkonong  township,  on  Rock  River,  and  on  the  Chi- 
cago <fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  .Janes- 
ville,  and  19  miles  S.  by  W.  of  AVatertown.  It  contains  6 
churches,  2  banks,  a  graded  school,  a  flouring-mill,  2 
foundries,  and  manufactures  of  wagons,  carriages,  sleighs, 
furniture,  and  dairy  supplies.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are 
published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  2283. 

Fort  Augus'tus,  a  village  and  fort  of  Scotland,  co. 
and  29  miles  S.W,  of  Inverness,  on  the  Caledonian  Canal, 
at  the  S.  extremity  of  Loch  Ness. 

Fort  Augustus,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co..  Prince 
Edward  Island,  16  miles  from  Charlottetown.  It  contains 
a  carding-mill,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  2  stores,  and  a  ship- 
yard.    Pop.  150. 

Fort  Bar^ran'cas  is  on  the  N.  side  of  Pensacola  B.ay, 
in  Florida,  designed  for  the  defence  of  the  United  States 
navy-y.ird  at  Warrington. 

Fort  Ilas'com,  a  po8t-ofl5oe  and  military  post  of  San 
Miguel  CO.,  New  Mexico. 

Fort  Bayard,  bi'ard,  a  post-office  and  military  post  of 
Grant  co.,  New  Mexico',  90  miles  N.AV.  of  Mesilla. 

Fort  Bend,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Te.xas,  haa  an 
area  of  about  860  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Brazos  River,  which  is  navigable  by  steamboats,  and  is 
bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Bernard  River.  The  surface  il 
undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with  prairia* 
and  forests  in  which  the  live-oak  abounds.  The  soil  is  fof- 
tile,  and  produces  pasture  for  many  thousand  cattle,    Thf 


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other,  staple  products  are  cotton  and  Indian  corn.  This 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Galveston,  Ilarrisburg  <fc  San 
Antonio  Kailroad.  Capital,  KioJmond.  Pop.  in  1870,  7114; 
in  1880,  9380;  in  1890,  10,686. 

Fort  Ben'ton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Choteau  cc, 
Montana,  is  on  the  Missouri  River,  at  the  head  of  steam- 
boat navigation,  about  40  miles  below  the  Great  Falls,  and 
2500  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  river.  It  is  nearly  125 
miles  N.N.B.  of  Helena,  and  is  2780  feet  above  the  sea- 
level.  The  village  has  2  banking-houses  and  a  newspaper 
ofSce.  It  is  an  important  mart  for  the  fur-trade  in  the 
United  States,  and  a  shipping-point  for  live  stock  and  wool. 
,  Pop.  in  1890,  624. 

Fort  Ber'thold,  a  post-village  of  Garfield  co.,  N.D., 

on  the  Missouri  Rivr.     Lat.  47°  3'  N. ,  Ion.  101°  48'  W. 

I     Fort  Bid'well,  a  post-village  of  Modoc  co.,  Cal.,  is  at 

;  the  N.  end  of  Surprise  Valley,  about  175  miles  N.E.  of 

Shasta.     It  has  a  money-order  post-office.     Near  it  are  3 

alkaline  lakes. 

'  Fort  Black'imore,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co.,  Va., 
'  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bristol,  Tenn.  It  has  2  churches,  an 
i  academy,  a  machine-shop,  Ac. 

Fort  Bliss,  a  United  States  post,  3  miles  N.E.  of  £1 
Paso,  Tex.,  on  the  Rio  Grande. 
j     Fort  Block'house  and  Fort  Monck'ton,  two  forts 
.  of  England,  co.  of  Hants,  defending  the  entrance  of  Ports- 

i  mouth  harbor,  on  the  W, 
Fort  Bluff,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  Ala. 
Fort  Bois6,  bwi'zi',  a  United  St.ates  post,  near  Boise 
j  City,  Idaho. 

■      Fort  Boone,  an  old  fort  on  the  site  of  Booneville,  Ky. 
;  It  was  erected  by  Colonel  Boone  in  1775. 
i      Fort  Bra'dy,  a  United  States  work  at  Sault  Ste.  Marie, 

Mich.,  on  the  S.  bank  of  St.  Mary's  River. 
I      Fort  Bragg,  a  post-village  of  Mendocino  co.,  Cal.,  2 
I  miles  N.  of  Noyo,  and  120  miles  by  water  N.  of  San  Fran- 
i  Cisco.      It  has   4   churches,  a   bank,   a  newspaper  office, 
manufactures  of  soda-water,  lumber,  &a.     Pop.  945. 

Fort  Branch,  a  post-village  of  Gibson  co.,  Ind.,  20 
miles  N.  of  Evansville.  It  has  a  money-order  post-office, 
6  churches,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  748. 

Fort  Bridg'er,  a  post-office  of  Uintah  co..  Wyoming, 
on  the  Black  Fork  of  Green  River,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Carter 
Station  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad. 

Fort  Browder,  Barbour  co.,  Ala.    See  Batksville. 

Fort  Brown,  a  government  fort  near  Brownsville,  Tex. 

Fort  Buf  fington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ga., 
6  miles  E.  of  Canton. 

Fort  Bu'ford,  a  post-office  and  military  post  of  Buford 
CO.,  N.D.,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Yellowstone  River,  and  on 
the  Missouri  River  where  it  crosses  the  boundary  between 
North  Dakota  and  Montana. 

Fort  Calhoun,  kal-hoon',  a  post-village  of  Washing- 
ton CO.,  Neb.,  2  miles  from  the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the 
Omaha  <fe  Northwestern  Railroad,  20  miles  N,  by  W.  of 
Omaha.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  public  school,  and  a 
steam  flour-  and  feed-mill.  Its  station  name  is  Calhoun, 
Pop.  about  400. 

Fort  Cam'eron,  a  United  States  military  post,  near 
Beaver,  Beaver  co.,  Utah. 

Fort  Cape  Dis^appoint'ment,  a  United  States  post 
on  Cape  Disappointment,  Washington. 

Fort  Car'roU,  a  fortification  standing  on  Sollers 
Point  Flats,  in  the  Patapsco,  8  miles  below  Baltimore, 

Fort  Cas'well,  a  brick  fortification  on  Oak  Island, 
near  the  mouth  of  Cape  Fear  River,  N.C.,  was  occupied  by 
the  Confederates  in  1861,  and  destroyed  by  them  in  1865. 

Fort  Chartres,  shar'tris,  a  steamboat-landing  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  in  Randolph  co.,  111.,  near  the  Prairie 
du  Rocher,  and  50  miles  by  water  below  St.  Louis. 

Fort  Clark,  a  military  post  of  Kinney  co.,  Tex.,  is  at 
or  near  Brackettville,  about  48  miles  N.  of  Eaglo  Pass, 
and  126  miles  W.  of  San  Antonio.     Pop.  in  1880,  1030. 

Fort  Clat'sop,  a  post-office  of  Clatsop  co.,  Oregon. 

Fort  Clinch,  designed  for  the  defence  of  Fernandina, 
Fla.,  stands  on  the  N.  extremity  of  Amelia  Island.  It  was 
occupied  by  Confederate  troops  in  1861,  and  retaken  by 
United  States  forces  in  1862. 

Fort  Col'lins,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Larimer  co.. 
Col.,  on  Cache  la  Poudre  Creek,  in  a  fertile  valley,  and 
on  the  Colorado  Central  Railroad,  about  4  miles  from  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  and  82  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Denver.  It 
has  5  churches,  a  graded  school,  2  banks,  2  newspaper 
offices,  4  hotels,  and  2  flouring-mills.  The  Agricultural 
College  of  Colorado  is  located  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  2011. 

Fort  Coium'bus,  a  United  States  fort  on  Governor's 
Island,  New  York  Harbor.      ,..(i  ,  -  ^^,^1  j .      -  -,,  [).ai)>ii< :  ■ 


Fort  CoI'ville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Stevens  oo., 
Wash.,  on  the  Columbia  River,  near  lat.  48°  38'  N.  It  haa 
a  church.     Here  is  a  United  States  fort. 

Fort  Concho,  kon'cho,  a  post-office  and  military  post 
of  Tom  Green  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Concho  River,  210  miles  N.W. 
of  Austin.  Lat.  31°  31'  N.;  Ion.  100°  31'  W.  Here  are 
stone  buildings  for  hospital,  guard-house,  magazine,  stables, 
store-house,  &c.     Pop.  in  1880,  716. 

Fort  Con^stitu'tion,  a  strong  defensive  work  3  milea 
E.  of  Portsmouth,  N.H.,  on  the  peninsula  which  forms  the 
easternmost  point  of  the  mainland  of  New  Hampshire. 

Fort  Coulonge,  koo^lonzh',  a  post-village  in  Pontiao 
CO.,  Quebec,  at  the  confluence  of  the  river  Coulonge  with 
the  Ottawa,  23  miles  N.  of  Portage  du  Fort.  It  has  a  saw-, 
mill,  a  store,  4  taverns,  and  a  large  lumber-trade.     P.  lOOii 

Fort  Covington,  kiiv'ing-t9n,  a  post-village  of  Frank-' 
lin  CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Fort  Covington  township,  on  Salmon  River, 
about  5  miles  from  its  mouth,  1  mile  from  the  Canadian 
frontier,  and  16  miles  N.W.  of  Malone.  It  contains  3  or  4 
churches,  2  grist-mills,  a.  saw-mill,  a  union  free  school,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  tannery,  and  a  cheese-factory.  Pop. 
953  ;  of  the  township,  2421. 

Fort  Craig,  a  post-office  and  military  post  of  Socorro 
CO.,  New  Mexico,  on  the  Rio  Grande,  3  miles  S.  of  San 
Marcial,  about  125  miles  below  Albuquerque,  and  175  miles 
S.  of  Santa  Fe.     The  adjacent  country  is  rich  in  minerals. 

Fort  Cum'berland,  a  fortress  of  England,  co.  of 
Hants,  on  Portsea  Island,  4  miles  E.  of  Portsmouth. 

Fort  Cum'mings,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co..  New 
Mexico,  about  50  miles  W.N.W.  of  Mesilla.  Here  is  a 
ruined  fort. 

Fort  Cus'ter,  a  post-village  and  military  post  of  Custer 
CO.,  Montana,  on  the  Yellowstone  River,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Big  Horn,     Pop.  in  1880,  739. 

Fort  Dade,  a  post-office  of  Hernando  co.,  Fla.,  on  tho 
Withlacoochee  River,  170  miles  S.E.  of  Tallahassee.  Near 
this  spot,  in  December,  1835,  Major  Dade,  with  his  112 
companions,  perished  while  heroically  defending  themselves 
against  an  overwhelming  force  of  Indians.  Only  one  of 
the  number  escaped. 

Fort  D.  A.  Rus'sell,  a  United  States  post,  3  mile* 
N.W.  of  Cheyenne,  Wyoming.    Pop.  in  1880,  508. 

Fort  Dau'phin,a  ruined  French  fort  and  town  on  the 
S.  coast  of  Madagascar.     Lat.  25°  1'  S. ;  Ion.  46°  40'  E. 

Fort  Da'vis,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jeff  Davis  co., 
Tex.,  22  miles  N.  of  Marfa,  and  23  miles  N.W.  of  Alpine. 
It  has  3  churches,  2  acajlemies,  and  several  stores  and  gen- 
eral business  houses.     Pop.  about  600. 

Fort  Defiance,  a  post-office  of  Augusta  co.,  Va,,  and 
a  station  on  the  railroad  from  Staunton  to  Harrisonburg,  11 
miles  N.E.  of  Staunton. 

Fort-de-France,  fou-d^h-fRftNss,  or  Chasscloup- 
Ijaubat,  shassMoo'-lo^bi',  a  town  on  the  W.  coast  of  Mar- 
tinique, French  West  Indies,  the  capital  of  the  colony.  It 
has  a  fine  harbor,  strong  fortifications,  a  college,  a  naval 
arsenal,  a  prison,  and  several  hospitals,  and  its  public 
buildings  are  good.     Pop,  13,288, 

Fort  Del'aware,  on  Pea  Patch  Island,  in  Delaware 
Bay,  near  Delaware  City,  is  a  strong  work,  of  which  the 
construction  was  begun  in  1814. 

Fort  Depos'it,  a  post-village  of  Lowndes  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Mobile  &  Montgomery  Railroad,  33  miles  S.S.AV.  of 
Montgomery.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy  (male  and 
female),  and  several  stores.     Pop.  about  450. 

Fort  Dodge,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Webster  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Des  Moines  River,  at  the  junction  of  the  Des 
Moines  &  Fort  Dodge  Railroad  with  the  Iowa  division  of 
the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  192  miles  W.  of  Dubuque, 
135  miles  E.  of  Sioux  City,  and  85  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Des 
Moines.  It  contains  a  court-house,  11  churches,  a  high 
school,  3  national  banks,  2  foundries,  3  newspaper  offices, 
and  manufactures  of  furniture,  plaster,  and  stucco.  Coal 
is  mined  near  this  place,  which  is  also  an  important  market 
for  grain.  Quarries  of  good  building-stone  and  of  gypsum 
have  been  opened  here.     Pop.  in  1890.  4871. 

Fort  Dodge,  a  post-office  and  United  States  post  in 
Ford  CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Arkansas  River,  5  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Dodge  City. 

Fort  Don'elson,  Stewart  eo.,  Tenn.,  is  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Cumberland  River,  about  1  mile  below  Dover. 
This  place  was  the  scene  of  an  important  victory  gained  by 
the  Union  forces  under  General  Grant,  February  16,  1862, 
when  it  was  captured,  with  about  13,000  prisoners. 

Fort  Douglas,  diig'lass,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  co., 
Ark.,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Clarksville.     It  has  a  church.  ; 

Fort  Dunc'an,  a  United  States  post,  near  Eagle  Paaii»i 
Maverick  CO.,  Tex.,  on  the  Rio  Grande.  i 


vw 


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fbRT 


Fort  Da  Quesne.  Ponnnylrania.    6«o  Pittsbi'ro. 

Forteaa  (for^W)  Uay*  an  inlet  on  the  ooaat  of  La- 
bnulur,  near  the  S.W.  oxtroinity  of  the  Strait  of  IJolle  l«le. 
It  receives  a  eoniiidoroble  riror,  and  on  its  W.  siJo  is  the 
prMperous  fluhing  villnj^o  of  Fortcnu. 

Fort  Ed'w«rd,a  post-village  of  WasiiinRton  oo.,  N.Y., 
ii  in  Fort  Kdwanl  township,  and  is  finely  situated  on  the 
B.banl(  of  the  Hudson  Kiver,  on  the  Chaniplain  Canal,  and 
on  the  Uonsoelaer  A  Saratoga  lUilroad,  at  the  junction 
of  the  Lake  George  liranob,  66  miles  N.  of  Albany,  and  22 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Whitehall.  It  contains  6  churches,  a 
national  banic,  a  newspaper  office,  and  the  Fort  Edward 
Oollegiate  Institute,  which  is  open  to  both  sexes  and  occu- 
pies n  bricic  building  iiOU  feet  long  and  6  stories  high. 
Fort  Edward  has  2  potteries,  2  paper-mills,  a  foundry  and 
raaohine-shop,  a  shirt-factory,  and  a  furniture-factory. 
AVator-power  is  obtained  for  these  mills  by  a  dam  across 
the  Hudson.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  4424. 

Forteiv  a  village  of  Sardinia.    See  Furtki. 

Fort  jtll'liott,  a  post-office  and  United  States  post  of 
Texas. 

Fort  Ei'lis,  a  military  post  of  Gallatin  co.,  Montana, 
Is  at  the  south  end  of  the  fertile  Gallatin  valley,  3  miles  S.E. 
of  Boicman.     Liit.  46°  40'  40"  N.;  Ion.  111°  0'  15"  W. 

Fort  F'riCy  a  post-village  of  Welland  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Lake  Erie,  at  its  outlet  into  the  Niagara  River,  and  on  the 
Qrand  Trunk,  Great  Western,  and  Canada  Southern  Railways, 
opposite  Bufialo,  N.Y.  A  railroad  bridge  connects  Fort  Erie 
with  Buffalo.  Fort  Erie  is  a  port  of  entry,  has  an  American 
consulate,  and  contains  several  churches,  a  dozen  stores,  and 
2  hotels.     Pop.  835. 

Fortesque  (foRUAsk'  ?)  Bay.  a  beautiful  bay  of  Tas- 
mania, on  the  E.  coast  of  Tasman's  Peninsula. 

Fortevcntura,  island.    See  Fubrteventcra. 

Fort  Ewell,  yu'^l,  a  post- village  of  La  Salle  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  Nueces  River,  about  120  miles  S.S.W.of  San  Antonio. 
It  has  a  church. 

Fort  Fair'field,  a  post-village  in  Fort  Fairfield  town- 
ship, Aroostook  co..  Me.,  is  on  the  Aroostook  River,  about 
7  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  about  50  miles  N.  of  lloulton. 
It  is  the  N.  terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  New  Brunswick 
Railroad.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  a  carding-mill, 
5  shingle-mills,  2  plaster-mills,  4  starch-mills,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  of  the  township,  S626. 

Fort  Fet'terman,  a  post-office  of  Converse  co., 
Wyoming,  is  on  the  North  Platte  River,  about  110  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Laramie  City. 

Fort  Foote,  a  post-office  of  Prince  George's  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Potomac  River,  6  miles  below  Washington.  Here 
are  barracks  and  a  fort,  one  of  the  defences  of  Alexandria, 
Va.,  and  of  AVashington,  D.C. 

Fort  Fred  Steele,  a  post-office  and  military  post  of 
Carbon  co.,  Wyoming,  on  the  North  Platte  River,  and  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  695  miles  from  Omaha.  Elevation, 
6840  feet. 

Fort  Gaines,  ganz,  on  the  E.  extremity  of  Dauphin 
Island,  Ala.,  is  at  the  entrance  of  Mobile  Bay,  opposite 
Fort  Morgan.     Lat.  30°  13'  N. ;    Ion.  87°  59'  W. 

Fort  Gaines,  a  post-village,  the  capital  of  Clay  co., 
Ga.,  on  the  Chattahoochee  River,  and  on  a  branch  of  the 
Southwestern  Railroad,  about  24  miles  below  Eufaula,  and 
24  miles  S.W.  of  Cuthbert.  Steamboats  can  ascend  the  river 
to  this  place,  from  which  alargequantity  of  cotton  is  shipped. 
It  has  an  academy  and  5  churches.     Pop.  in  1S90,  1097, 

Fort  Gar'laiid,  a  post-village  of  Costilla  co.,  Col.,  is 
in  the  fertile  San  Luis  Park,  on  the  Denver  <t  Rio  Grande 
Railroad,  108  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Pueblo.  Here  is  a 
military  post.     Elevation,  7996  feet. 

Fort  Garry,  Manitoba.    See  AVixnipeg. 

Fort  Gates,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
W.  bank  of  the  St.  John's  River,  140  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Fort  Gay,  post-office,  Wayne co.,W.Va.,  at  Cassvii.lk. 

Fort  George,  a  fort  of  Scotland,  co.  and  9  miles  N.E. 
of  Inverness,  on  the  lino  of  the  Caledonian  Canal,  on  a  point 
of  land  jutting  into  Moray  Firth.  It  covers  15  acres,  has 
quarters  for  3000  men,  bomb-proof  magazines,  and  is  a 
fortification  of  great  strength. 

Fort  George,  a  post-office  and  summer  and  winter 
resort  of  Duval  co.,  Fla.,  is  on  an  island  at  the  mouth  of  St. 
John's  River,  25  miles  E.  of  Jacksonville. 

Fort  George,  an  old  fort  (now  a  picturesque  ruin)  at 
the  S.E.  end  of  Lake  George,  N.Y. 

Fort  Gib'son,  a  post-village  and  military  post  of  the 
Cherokee  Nation,  Indian  Territory,  on  the  Neosho  River, 
near  its  entrance  into  the  Arkansas.  It  is  6  miles  from  Gib- 
con  Station,  which  is  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  <fc  Texas  Rail- 
road, 108  miles  S.  of  Parsons,  Kansas.    It  has  2  churches. 


Fort  Gor'gea,  Me.,  stands  on  Hog  Island  Ledge,  In 
Portlivnd  harbor.     Lat.  43°  39'  N. ;  Ion.  70°  20'  W. 

Fort  Gra'hani,a  ]>ost-hnmlet  of  Hill  co.,  Tex.,  40 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Waco.     It  has  2  churches. 

Fort  Gratiot  (grash'e-ot),  a  city  of  St.  Clair  co., 
Mich.,  on  Lake  Huron,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad, 
at  the  mouth  of  Black  River,  and  at  the  point  where  tha 
St.  Clair  River  issues  from  the  lake,  about  1  mile  N.  of 
Port  Huron.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  high 
school,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  in  1890,  2832.  'i'lio 
military  post  which  was  within  the  limits  of  the  city  of 
Port  Huron  is  now  closed. 

Fort  Griffin,  a  post-office  and  military  post  of  Shack- 
elford CO.,  Tex.,  16  miles  N.  of  Albany,  and  160  miles  W. 
of  Fort  Worth. 

Fort  Griswold,  grir'w^ld,  a  United  States  work  in 
the  town  of  Groton,  New  Lon<lon  co..  Conn.,  0}>posite  New 
London.  A  monument  near  by  commemorates  the  massacre 
of  Lcdyard  nnd  his  men  by  the  British  and  tories  in  1781. 

Forth,  i?rth,  a  river  of  Scotland,  rises  on  the  N.E.  side 
of  Ben  Lomond,  flows  eastward,  and  cxj)ands  into  the  arm 
of  the  sea  called  the  Firth  of  Forth.  Length  estimated  at 
170  miles.  Chief  tributaries,  the  Teith,  Allan,  and  Devon. 
The  Forth  has  many  good  harbors,  the  principal  of  which 
is  Lcith.  The  river  is  navigable  to  Stirling  for  vessels  of 
100  tons,  and  to  Alloa  for  vessels  of  300  tons.  It  is  con- 
nected with  the  Clyde  by  a  canal  38  miles  in  length.  See 
FiuTH  OF  Forth. 

Fort  Hall,  a  military  post  of  Oneida  co.,  Idaho.  Lnt. 
43°  8'  54"  N.;  Ion.  112°  6'  30"  W. 

Fort  Hal'leck,  a  post-office  and  military  post  of  Car- 
bon CO.,  AVyoming,  about  45  miles  N.W.  of  Laramie  City. 

Fort  Ham'ilton,  a  post-village  of  Kings  co.,  N.Y.,  is 
at  the  W.  end  of  Long  Island,  on  the  Narrows,  about  6 
miles  S.  of  New  York  City.  Hero  is  a  strong  fort  of  the 
same  name,  erected  for  the  defence  of  New  York  harbor. 
Many  persons  doing  business  in  the  metropolis  have  resi- 
dences here. 

Fort  Har'ker,  a  post-hamlet  and  military  post  of 
Ellsworth  CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Smoky  Hill  River,  and  on  the 
Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  80  miles  W.S.W,  of  Junction  City, 
and  5  miles  E.  of  Ellsworth. 

Fort  Hays,  a  United  States  post,  adjacent  to  Hays  City, 
Kansas. 

Fort  Herkimer,  New  York.    See  Herkimer. 

Fort  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co..  111.,  about  44  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Chicago. 

Fort  Hill,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg,  Connellsvillc  &, 
Washington  Railroad,  18  miles  W.  of  Garrett,  Pa. 

Forth  Moun'tains,  a  range  of  hills  of  Ireland,  in 
Leinster,  4  miles  W.  of  Wexford.  The  maritime  barony  of 
Forth  forms  a  peninsula,  studded  with  the  ruins  of  Anglo- 
Saxon  towers,  built  to  protect  the  invaders  from  the  Irish. 

Fort  HoAV'ard,  a  post-town  of  Brown  co..  Wis.,  is  on 
the  left  or  N.W.  bank  of  Fox  River,  about  a  mile  from  its 
mouth,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  oppo- 
site the  city  of  Green  Bay,  65  miles  N.N.E.  of  Fond  du  Lao. 
A  drawbridge  crosses  the  river  here.  Fort  Howard  con- 
tains 8  or  9  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  3  foundries  with 
machine-shops,  several  steam  saw-mills,  2  boiler-factories, 
and  a  sash-  and  blind-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  4754. 

Fort  Hunt'er,  a  post- village  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Mohawk  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Schoharie,  (5 
miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Fultonville.  It  has  3  churches,  an 
academj',  and  a  broom-factory.     Pop.  200. 

Fort  Hunter,  a  post-village  of  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  6 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  llarrisburg  (Rookville  Station).  It  has 
3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  pig-iron,  &o.     Pop.  600. 

For'tified  Island,  or  Baswarage,  bas'w^r-aj^  in 
British  India,  presidency  of  Madras,  is  a  small  island  op- 
})08ite  Onore,  on  the  Malabar  coast. 

Fort  InMepeud'ence  is  on  Castle  Island,  in  Boston 
harbor,  3  miles  below  the  city.  It  was  called  Castle  Wil- 
liam in  and  before  the  Revolution.  The  present  name  was 
given  by  the  elder  Adams  while  president. 

Fort  Isle  aux  Noix,  eel  0  nw4,  or  Fort  Len'nox, 
on  an  island  in  the  river  Richelieu,  near  the  southern  bound- 
ary of  Quebec,  was  fortified  by  the  French  in  1759  and  by 
Schuyler  in  1775.     It  is  a  strong  fortress,  but  unoccupied. 

Fort  Jack'son,a  United  States  work  on  the  Savannah 
River,  4  miles  below  Savannah,  Ga. 

Fort  Jackson,  an  important  fortification  of  brick,  at 
Plaquemine  Bend,  on  the  Mississippi,  78  miles  below  New 
Orleans,  La.,  and  opposite  Fort  St.  Pliilip. 

Fort  Jackson,  a  post-village  in  Hopkinton  township, 
St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  St.  Regis  River,  44  miles  E. 
of  Ogdensburg.    It  has  2  churches  and  several  mills. 


1 


i'OR 


1201' 


ton 


Fort  Jcrferson,  on  Garden  Key,  one  of  the  Dry  Tor- 
txx'ras  Islands,  Florida.  It  has  a  light-house.  Lat.  24°  37' 
47"  N. ;  Ion.  82°  52'  63"  W. 

Fort  Jefferson,  a  hamlet  of  Ballard  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
NewOrlcanSjSt.LouisA  Chicago  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Cairo, 
111.     It  has  a  steam  saw-mill.     Hero  is  AVickliffe  Post-Office. 

?'ort  Jen'nings,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co.,  0.,  in 
Jennings  township,  on  the  Toledo  <fe  Delphos  Railroad,  5 
itiles  N.N.E.  of  Delphos.     It  has  2  churches. 

Fort  Jes'supj  a  post-hamlet  of  Sabine  parish,  La.,  80 
Ailes  S.  by  B.  of  Shreveport.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy, 
atid  a  bank. 

Fort  John'ston,  North  Carolina,  a  revolutionary 
fortress  on  the  Cape  Fear  River,  4  miles  from  its  mouth,  on 
the  site  of  the  present  town  of  Smithvillo,  There  is  still  a 
fortress  here  of  the  same  name,  forming  one  of  the  defences 
of  Smithville. 

Fort  Jones,  a  post-village  of  Siskiyou  co.,  Cal.,  on 
Scott's  River,  about  15  miles  S.W.  of  Yreka.  It  has  a 
church,  a  flour-mill,  and  3  general  stores. 

Fort  Kearney,  kar'ne,  a  former  military  post  of 
Kearney  co..  Neb.,  on  the  S.  Ijank  of  the  Platte  River,  and 
on  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  127  miles  W. 
of  Lincoln.  It  was  demolished  in  1875. 
'  Fort  Kent,  a  post-township  and  village  of  Aroostook 
CO.,  Me.,  is  on  the  river  St.  John,  which  separates  it  from 
Kew  Brunswick,  Canada.  It  has  manufactures  of  lumber. 
Pop.  1034.     The  village  is  42  miles  N.AV.  of  Caribou. 

Fort  Keogh,  ke'oh,  a  post-office  and  military  post  of 
Custer  CO.,  Montana,  1  mile  from  the  Yellowstone  River,  and 
i  miles  from  Miles  City. 

Fort  Klam'ath,  a  military  post  of  Lake  co.,  Oregon, 
180  miles  E.S.E.  of  Roseburg.  Hero  is  a  reservation  for  the 
Klamath,  Modoc,  and  Snake  Indians.  Lat.  42°  41'  34"  N.  ; 
ton.  121°  55'  W. 

■  Fort  Knox,  a  United  States  work  at  the  narrows  of  the 
Penobscot,  opposite  Bucksport,  Me. 

Fort  La'fayette',  aUnited  States  fortification  of  stone, 
on  Hendrick'  s  Reef,  in  the  narrows  at  the  entrance  to  New 
York  harbor. 

Fort  Lamar',  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Ga. 
'  Fort  Land'ing,  a  post-office  of  Tyrrel  co.,  N.C. 

Fort  Lapwai,  lap'wT,  a  United  States  post  of  Nez 
Perces  co.,  Idaho,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Lewiston. 

Fort  Lar'amie,  a  post-office  and  military  post  of  Lar- 
wnie  CO.,  Wyoming,  on  the  Laramie  River,  li  miles  from 
its  mouth,  and  89  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cheyenne.  It  is  4519 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Here  is  a  military  reserva- 
tion of  50  square  miles. 

Fort  Lar'ned,  a  post-office  and  military  post  of  Paw- 
nee CO.,  Kansas,  is  7  miles  W.  of  Lamed  Station  of  the 
Atchison,  Topeka  <fc  Santa  F6  Railroad. 
»  Fort  Lawrence,  Nova  Scotia.  See  Amherst. 
:  Fort  Leavenworth,  lev'^n-worth,  an  important  mili- 
tary post  and  a  post-office  of  Leavenworth  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  W.  bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  Leaven- 
worth, Atchison  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of  the 
city  of  Leavenworth.  Here  is  a  government  reservation, 
comprising  several  square  miles  of  land.  This  fort,  which 
was  established  in  1827,  is  an  important  depot  of  supplies 
for  the  western  posts,  and  is  a  general  rendezvous  of  troops. 
Here  are  large  and  expensive  buildings  for  barracks,  a  hos- 
pital, store-houses,  stables,  &c.  This  is  the  headquarters 
of  the  Department  of  Missouri. 

Fort  Lee,  one  of  the  defences  of  the  harbor  of  Salem 
and  Beverly,  Mass..  on  Salem  Neck.     Lat.  42°  31'  N. 

J'ort  Lee,  a  post-village  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  in  Ridge- 
field  township,  on  the  Hudson  River,  at  the  lower  end  of 
the  Palisades,  8  or  9  miles  above  New  York.  It  has  a  house 
of  the  Capuchins,  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  pianos 
and  steam-engines.     Pop.  about  1200. 

Fort  Lein'hi,  a  post-office  of  Lemhi  oo.,  Idaho,  on 
Salmon  River,  about  120  miles  N.N.E.  of  Idaho  City. 

Fort  Lennox,  Quebec.    See  Fort  Isle  aux  Noix. 

Fort  Liberte,  lee^bfinHi',  formerly  called  Port  Dau- 
phin, a  seaport  town  of  Hayti,  on  its  N.  coast.  Lat.  19° 
42'  N. ;  Ion.  71°  57'  W.     It  has  a  good  harbor. 

Fort  Lincoln,  link'un,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bourbon  co., 
Kansas,  on  Little  Osage  River,  14  miles  N.  of  Fort  Scott. 

Fort  Lit'tleton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co..  Pa.,  in 
Dublin  township,  about  20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chambersburg. 
It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  foundry.     Pop.  100. 

Fort  Liv'ingston,  a  brick  structure  on  Grand  Terre 
Island,  La.,  at  the  entrance  of  Barataria  Bay. 

■  Fort  Louis,  foR  loo'ee',  a  town  of  Alsace,  near  the 
Rhine,  21  miles  N.N.E.  of  Strasburg,  with  the  remains  of 
ft  fort  built  by  Vauban  and  destroyed  in  1815.    Pop.  235. 


Fort  Lup'ton,  a  post-village  of  Weld  co..  Col.,  26 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Greeley,  the  capital  of  the  county,  and 
26  miles  by  rail  N,  of  Denver.  It  has  a  church,  a  public 
school,  a  creamery,  a  newspaper  office,  lumber-mills,  and 
general  business  houses  and  stores.  Pop.  in  1890,  119. 
The  name  of  its  station  is  Lupton. 

Fort  Lyon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benton  co..  Mo.,  8  miles 
S.  of  Windsor  Station.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
wagon-shop. 

Fort  MacCla'ry,  on  Kittery  Point,  Me.,  one  of  the 
defences  of  Portsmouth,  N.II.,  and  of  the  Kittery  Navy- 
Yard. 

Fort  MacCoy',  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Fla.,  35 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Waldo  Railroad  Station.    It  has  2  churches. 

Fort  MacHen'ry,  one  of  the  defences  of  Baltimore, 
Md.,  on  Whetstone  Point,  near  the  W.  bank  of  the  Patapsco. 
It  was  inefi"ectually  bombarded  by  a  British  fleet  in  the 
war  of  1812. 

Fort  Mac'Intosh,  a  United  States  post  near  the  town 
of  Laredo,  Tex.,  on  the  Rio  Grande. 

Fort  MacKav'ett,  a  post-village  and  United  States 
post  of  Menard  co.,  Tex.,  on  San  Saba  River,  165  miles 
N.AV.  of  San  Antonio. 

Fort  Mack'inaAV,  on  Mackinaw  Island,  Mich.,  com- 
mands the  town  of  Mackinaw,  at  the  entrance  to  Lake 
Michigan. 

Fort  Macomb,  ma-kom',  a  United  States  work  near 
the  Chef  Menteur  entrance  to  Lake  Pontchartrain,  La.,  25 
miles  E.N.E.  of  New  Orleans. 

Fort  Ma'con,  at  the  entrance  to  the  harbor  of  Beau- 
fort, N.C,  stands  at  the  E.  end  of  Bogue  Island. 

Fort  MacPher'son,  a  United  States  post  and  res- 
ervation in  Lincoln  co..  Neb.,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  Platte 
River,  opposite  McPherson  Station.  Here  is  a  national 
cemetery. 

Fort  MacRae,  mak-kree',  a  United  States  post  and 
reservation  in  Socorro  co.,  New  Mexico,  at  Ojo  del  Muerto, 
near  the  Rio  Grande.     Lat.  33°  2'  N. ;  Ion.  107°  5'  W. 

Fort  Mac^Ree',  a  United  States  fort  on  Foster's  Bank, 
at  the  entrance  to  Pensacola  Bay,  opposite  Fort  Pickens. 

Fort  Mad'ison,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  19  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Burling- 
ton, and  24  miles  above  Keokuk.  It  contains  a  court-house, 
a.  high  school,  a  state  prison,  a  public  hall,  several  churches, 
a  national  bank,  2  savings-banks,  1  other  bank,  a  foundry, 
2  large  lumber-mills,  and  manufactures  of  chairs,  boots, 
shoes,  tin  and  fruit-cans,  iron  fencing,  and  farming-imple- 
ments. Three  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.     Pop.  in  1890,  7901. 

Fort  Madison,  an  old  defensive  work  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  river  Severn,  near  Annapolis,  Md. 

Fort  Madison,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oconee  co.,  S.C.,  in 
the  valley  of  the  Tugaloo  River,  and  on  the  Atlanta  & 
Charlotte  Air-Line  Railroad. 

Fort  Magin'nis,  a  post-office  of  Choteau  co.,  Mon- 
tana, about  100  miles  N.W.  of  Fort  Benton. 

Fort  Mar'ion,  a  fort  built  at  St.  Augustine,  Fla.,  by 
the  Spaniards  (1520-1756),  and  called  by  them  San  Marco. 
It  is  constructed  of  coquina,  a  shell-conglomerate,  and  is  pre- 
served as  an  object  of  historic  interest. 

Fort  Mas'sachu'setts,  a  United  States  work  on  Ship 
Island,  Miss.     Lat.  30°  20'  N ;  Ion.  89°  7'  W. 

Fort  Meade,  a  post-haralet  of  Polk  co.,  Fla.,  12  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Bartow.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  an  orange-box  factory.     Pop.  400. 

Fort  Mifflin,  a  United  States  work  on  Mud  Island, 
just  below  the  mouth  of  the  Schuylkill  River,  and  near  the 
League  Island  Navy-Yard,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Fort  Mill,  a  post-village  of  York  co.,  S.C.,  17  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Charlotte,  N.C.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy, 
a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  cotton 
goods.     Pop.  400  ;  of  the  township,  2473. 

Fort  Mil'ler,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y., 
47  miles  N.  of  Albany.  It  has  2  churches,  a  paper-mill,  a 
grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Fort  Mitch'ell,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Russell  co., 
Ala.,  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Columbus,  Ga. 

Fort  Mitchell,  a  post-office  of  Lunenburg  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Roanoke  Valley  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Keysville. 

Fort  Moha've,  a  village  of  Mohave  co.,  Arizona,  33 
miles  S.W.  of  Mineral  Park.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  and 
a  newspiiper  office.     Pop.  200. 

Fort  Montgomery,  mgnt-gCm'^r-e,  Clinton  co.,  N.T., 
is  on  the  W.  bank  of  Richelieu  River,  at  the  outlet  or  N. 
end  of  Lake  Champlain,  about  1  mile  N.  of  Rouse's  Point. 
It  is  a  strong  fort,  erected  for  the  defence  of  the  frontier, 
on  the  boundary  between  the  United  States  and  Canada. 


non 


1203 


FOR 


Fort  IWontromcry,  s  po«t-villago  of  Orange  co., 
N.Y..  on  tho  lliicUon  River,  ub.mt  U  niilw  below  Xowburg, 
ftnd  no;irly  ojimAxito  llijjblunds Station,    It  hiw  a  church. 

Fort  Mor^gan»  an  iinportunt  United  Slutc«  fortiticui- 
Uon,  on  tho  »ite  of  the  old  Fort  Uowyor,  on  Mobile  Point, 
Alik.,  at  the  cntrnnce  to  the  buys  of  Mobile  and  Uon  Soooura, 
oppotilo  Fort  Uainei. 

Fort  Sforgiin,  a  po8t-villnge>  capital  of  Morgan  co., 
Col.,  34  uiilc.«  by  mil  W.  by  N.  of  Akron.  It  has  2  oburcliec, 
a  bank,  a  high  school,  3  news]mpcr  offices,  and  uiunufnc- 
tuTos  of  butter  and  obecM.     Pop.  438. 

Fort  Motte,  mot,  a  post-hnmlet  of  Orangeburg  co.,  S.C, 
SO  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Columbia.     It  baa  3  churches. 

Fort  Moultrie,  mOl'trcc,  on  Sullivan's  l!ilnn<l,  S.C,  at 
the  entrance  to  Charleston  harbor,  opposite  Cuinming's 
Point,  is  on  tho  site  of  the  old  Fort  Moultrie,  which  wns 
built  of  palmetto  logs  and  in  1776  was  unsuccessful ly 
attacked  by  tho  fleet  of  Sir  Peter  Parker. 

Fort  Niag'ara,  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  is  a  fortification  at 
the  mouth  of  tho  Niagara  River,  1  mile  N.  of  Youngetown. 

Fort  Og'deu,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ue  Soto  oo.,  Fla.,  about 
(7  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Bartow. 

Fort  Oiita'rio,  a  United  States  work  at  the  city  of 
Oswego,  N.Y. 

Fort  Os'agG«  a  township  of  Jackson  oo..  Mo.  Pop. 
2441.     It  contains  Buckner  and  Lake  City. 

Fort  Payne,  pain,  a  post-village  of  I)e  Kalb  co.,  Ala., 
92  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Birmingham.  It  has  9  churches, 
3  bunks,  a  newspaper  office,  <to.     Pop.  269S. 

Fort  Pembina,  pcm'bee-na,  a  United  States  post  on 
the  Red  River  of  the  North,  near  Pembina,  N.D. 

Fort  Pen'dleton,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort  of 
Garrett  oo  ,  Aid.,  on  the  North  Branch  of  the  Potomac,  12 
miles  S.E.  of  Oakland.     Elevation,  about  3U00  feet. 

Fort  Pickens,  Pensncola  Bay.     See  Pe:<sacoi,a. 

Fort  Pierre,  pe-air',  a  post-village,  capital  of  Stanley 
CO.,  S.D.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  about  2 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Pierre.  It  has  2  churches,  2  banks,  3 
newspaper  offices,  <to.     Pop.  360, 

Fort  Pike,  formerly  a  militory  post  of  Orleans  parish. 
La.,  on  the  Rigolets  Pass,  35  miles  E.N.E.  of  New  Orleans. 
Here  is  a  brick  fort,  on  Petites  Coqiulles  Island. 

Fort  Pitt,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pitts- 
burg, Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  19  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Pittsburg. 

Fort  Plain,  a  post- village  in  Minden  township,  Mont- 
gomery CO.,  N.y.,  on  the  Mohawk  River,  and  on  the  Erie  Ca- 
nal, 5S  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Albany,  and  15  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Little  Falls.  It  contains  5  churches,  2  banks,  2  news- 
paper offices,  a  collegiate  institute,  a  silk-mill,  2  Uouring- 
mills,  sind  manufactures  of  brooms,  broom-machinery,  axles, 
furniture,  <feo.     Pop.  in  1890,  2864. 

Fort  Popham,  pop'§,m,  a  United  States  work  on  Ilun- 
newell's  Point,  at  the  entrance  to  Kennebec  River,  Me. 

Fort  Por'ter,  a  United  States  work  at  Black  Rock, 
within  the  limits  of  Buffalo,  N.Y. 

Fort  Preble  (prSb'^l),  one  of  the  defences  of  Portland, 
Me.,  is  on  Preble  Point,  1  mile  from  Portland. 

Fort  Pulas'ki,  on  Cockspur  Island,  Ga.,  is  a  briok 
structure  designed  for  the  defence  of  Savannah  and  of  Ty- 
bee  Roads.  In  1861  it  was  occupied  by  the  Oonfeileratea, 
and  in  1862  it  was  bombarded  and  taken  by  the  Onion  forces. 

Fort  Qiiit'man,  a  United  States  fort  of  El  Paso  co., 
Tex.,  on  the  Rio  Grande,  80  miles  below  Franklin.  Lat. 
31°  10'  N.:  Ion.  105°  40'  AV. 

Fort  Ran'dall,  a  post-village  and  military  post,  cap- 
ital of  Todd  CO.,  S.D.,  on  the  Missouri  River,  75  miles  by 
land  above  Y'ankton. 

Fort  Recov'ery,  a  post-village  of  Mercer  co  ,  0.,  about 
35  miles  'N.Vf.  of  Piqua.  It  has  6  churches,  a  bank,  2 
handle-factories,  a  lumber-mill,  a  fanning-foctory,  public 
schools,  nnd  a  newsp.aper  office.     Pop.  in  1890.  1186. 

Fort  Red,  a  post-namlet  of  Putnam  oo.,  Xnd.,  in  Jock- 
son  township,  6  miles  from  Ashby's  Mills. 

Fort  Reed,  a  post-village  and  winter  resort  of  Orange 
CO.,  Fla.,  2  miles  from  St.  John's  River,  1  mile  from  Lake 
Monroe,  and  about  70  miles  S.  of  Palatka.  It  has  2  churches, 
3  hotels,  4  stores,  a  newspaper  office,  15  orange  groves,  a 
bigh  school  or  seminary,  and  manufactures  of  canes,  shell- 
work,  wagons,  &<}. 

Fort  Re'no,  a  post-offioo  of  Indian  Territory. 

Fortress  Monroe,m9n-ro',  at  Old  Point  Comfort,  Va., 
on  Hampton  Roads,  encloses  80  acres  of  land,  and  has  thus 
far  cost  the  United  States  fur  construction  some  $3,000,000. 
fiere  are  a  United  States  school  of  artillery,  an  arsenal,  Ac. 
Pop.  in  1880,  525. 

Fort  Rice,  a  post-office  and  United  States  post  of  Mor- 


ton CO.,  Dakota,  on  the  Missouri  River,  30  milos  below  Bis- 
marok. 

Fort  Rich'ardson,  a  United  States  post  adjacent  to 
tho  town  of  .lacksborough,  Tex. 

Fort  Ridgely,  rij'le,  a  post-office  of  Nicollet  co.,  Minn., 
on  the  Minno.-<otiv  River,  about  48  milos  above  Manknto. 

Fort  Ri'lcy,  a  ^wst-office  and  military  \»>nt  of  Davis 
CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Kansas  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Re- 
nublican  Rivor,  and  on  the  Kansas  Pa(;ilio  Railroad,  3  miles 
N.N.E,  of  Jun(!lion  City,     Hero  is  a  church. 

Fort  Rip'Icy,  a  post-village  and  military  post  of 
Minnesota,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  Western 
Railroad  of  Minnesota,  17  miles  S.W,  of  Brainerd.  The  post- 
office  is  in  Crow  Wing  co.  ond  the  fort  is  in  Morrison  co. 

Fort  Rit'ner,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co.,  luj., 
in  Guthrie  township,  on  tho  Ohio  <Ie  Mississippi  Railruiid, 
79  miles  E.  of  Vinccnnes,  and  i  mile  N.  of  White  River. 
It  has  a  church.  The  trains  here  pass  through  a  tunnel 
1786  feet  long.     Pop.  about  300. 

Fort'rose',  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ross,  on  Moray 
Firth,  nearly  opposite  Fort  George,  to  which  there  is  a 
ferry,  and  8  milos  N.N.E.  of  Inverness.  It  has  a  good 
harbor,  an  acadeuiy,  and  remains  of  the  ancient  cathedral 
of  the  bishops  of  Ross.     Pop.  1004. 

Fort  Ro88,  a  post-hamlet  and  summer  resort  of  Sonoma 
CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  Pacific  Ocean,  16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Dun- 
can's Mills.  Lumber,  grain,  and  dairy-pro(|uot8  are  8hi]i]>ed 
hero.     Tho  Russians  built  a  fort  here  about  181 1. 

Fort-Royal,  West  Indies.    See  FouT-nK-FnAxcK. 

Fort's,  a  station  of  Montgomery  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  St. 
Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  near  the  Kentucky  line, 
and  5  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Guthrie,  Ky. 

Fort  Saint  Da'vid,  a  town  of  India,  on  tho  Coro- 
mandel  ooa.>it,  12  miles  S.S.W.of  Pondicherry.  It  was  once 
tho  head  of  tho  British  settlements  in  this  quarter,  until  it 
was  taken  by  the  French  in  1758  and  tho  fortitications 
demolished. 

Fort  Saint  EI'mo,  the  citadel  of  lia  Valctta,  in  Malta. 

Fort  Saint-Joseph,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Gai.am. 

Fort  Saint  Phil'ip,  Louisiana,  a  United  States  work 
on  tho  Mississippi,  nearly  opposite  Fort  Jackson. 

Fort  Saint  Sebastian,  s4nt  se-bast'yun  (Port.  5ao 
Sebastido,  sown*  s4-bis-te-owN<»'),  the  citadel  of  the  Portu- 
guese settlement  of  Mozambique,  in  East  Africa. 

Fort  San'ders,  a  United  States  military  post  and  res- 
ervation, on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of  Lara- 
mie City,  AVyoming.     Elevation,  7103  feet. 

Fort  Silo  Joachim,  sown»  zho-i-keeN<>',  a  settlement 
of  Brazilian  Guiana,  on  the  Branco,  an  afilucnt  of  tho  Ama- 
zon.    Lat.  3°  1'  46"  N.;  Ion.  60°  3'  W. 

Fort  Scam'mel,  one  of  the  defences  of  Portland,  Me., 
stands  on  House  Island,  in  Portland  Harbor. 

Fort  Schuyler,  ski'l^r.  New  York,  stands  on  Throg'g 
Neck,  and  is  one  of  the  principal  East  River  defences  of 
New  Y'ork  City.     It  is  17  miles  by  water  from  New  Y'ork. 

Fort  Scott,  a  city  and  railroad  centre,  the  capital  of 
Bourbon  co.,  Kansas,  is  on  the  Marmiton  River,  about 
99  miles  by  rail  (88  miles  direct)  S.  of  Kansas  City,  43 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Parsons,  and  130  miles  by  mil  S.E, 
of  Topeka.  It  is  the  most  populous  and  important  town  in 
the  southeastern  part  of  the  state,  and  is  a  great  market  for 
bituminous  coal,  the  mining  and  shipping  of  which  consti- 
tute the  most  extensive  interest  of  the  city.  It  cont:iins  a 
court-house,  12  churches,  a  high  school,  a  normal  school,  2. 
national  and  3  state  banks,  2  liouring-niills,  and  elevators, 
foundries  and  machine-works,  cement- and  flagstone-quar- 
ries, and  2  daily  and  4  weekly  newspaper  offices.  The 
machine-shops  and  head-quarters  of  two  railroad  divisions 
are  situated  here.  Fort  Scott  is  the  seat  of  the  United 
States  circuit  and  district  courts  for  the  Southeastern  Dis- 
trict of  Kansas.     Pop.  in  1890,  11,946. 

Fort  Sel'den,  a  post-office  and  military  post  of  Donna 
Ana  CO.,  New  Mexico,  on  the  Rio  Grande,  9  miles  above 
Donna  Ana,  and  90  miles  N.  of  the  boundary  of  Texas. 

Fort  Sen'eca,  a  post-hamlet  of  Seneca  oo.,  0.,  on  the 
Sandusky  River,  about  9  miles  N.  of  Tiffin. 

Fort  Sev'ern,  a  fortification  on  tho  left  side  of  the 
river  Severn,  near  Annapolis,  Md. 

Fort  Sew'all,  a  defensive  work  adjoining  the  town  of 
Marblehead,  Mass. 

Fort  Sey'bert,  a  post-office  of  Pendleton  co.,  Vf.  Va. 

Fort  Shaw,  a  post-office  and  military  post  of  Lewis 
and  Clarke  co.,  Montana,  on  the  Sun  or  Medicine  River,  85 
miles  N.  of  Helena. 

Fort  Sill,  a  post-office  and  militivry  post  in  the  Kiowa 
Reserve,  Indian  Territory,  170  miles  W.  by  N.  of  CaddO 
Railroad  Station.     Lat.  34°  40'  N.:  Ion.  98°  30'  W. 


FOR 


1203 


FOR 


Fort  Sim'coe,  a  post-o85oe  and  Indian  agency  of 
Yakima  co.,  AVashington,  65  miles  N.  of  the  Dalles,  Oregon. 
Here  is  a  reservation  on  which  about  3500  Indians  live  and 
cultivate  the  soil.     There  are  2  churches  on  this  reservation. 

Fort  Sis'seton,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  S.D. 

Fort  Smith,  a  post-village  of  Sebastian  co.,  Ark.,  sit- 
uated at  the  confluence  of  the  Arkansas  and  Coteau  Rivers, 
165  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.of  Little  Rock,  and  5  miles  S.W. 
of  Van  Buren.  It  has  5  banks,  10  churches,  5  newspaper 
offices,  a  cotton-compress,  an  oil-mill,  3  furniture-factories, 
2  foundries,  'i  planing-mills,  a  packing-houso,  a  canning- 
factory,  a  harness-factory,  4  paving-brick  plants,  and  mines 
of  semi-anthracite  coal.  Two  bridges  cross  the  Arkansas 
Kiver  at  this  point.  Here  is  held  a  United  States  District 
Court  having  criminal  jurisdiction  of  the  Indian  Territory. 
Pop.  in  1890,  11,311. 

Fort  Snel'ling,  a  post-hamlet  and  military  post  of 
Hennepin  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St. 
Paul  Railroad,  and  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Mississippi 
River,  just  above  the  mouth  of  the  Minnesota,  6  or  7  miles 
S.W.  of  St.  Paul.     A  fort  was  established  here  in  1819. 

Fort  Spring  Depot,  a  pnst-hamlet  of  Greenbrier  co., 
AV.  Va.,  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  17  miles  W.  of 
White  Sulphur  Springs.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lime-kiln. 

Fort  Stand'ish,  a  United  States  work  on  Saquish 
Head,  at  the  entrance  to  the  harbor  of  Plymouth,  Mass. 

Fort  Stnn'ton,  a  post-office  and  United  States  post  of 
Lincoln  co..  New  Me.xico,  12  miles  AV.  of  Lincoln. 

Fort  Steele,  AVyoming.     See  FoiiT  Fked  Steele. 

Fort  Ste'phens,  a  post-office  of  Kemper  co..  Miss. 

Fort  Ste'vens,  a  United  States  work  in  Oregon,  near 
the  mouth  of  the  Columbia,  9  miles  W.  of  Astoria. 

Fort  Ste'venson,  a  post-office  and  military  post  of 
Stevens  co.,  N.D.,  on  the  Missouri  River,  71  miles  above 
Bismarck. 

Fort  Stock'ton,  a  military  post  in  Presidio  co.,  Tex., 
on  Comanche  Creek,  74  miles  N.E.  of  Fort  Davis. 

Fort  Sul'livan,  on  Moore  Island,  Me.,  is  one  of  the 
defences  of  Eastpout  (which  see). 

Fort  Sal'ly,  a  post-village  and  military  post  of  Sully 
CO.,  S.D.,  on  the  Missouri  River,  about  250  miles  N.W.  of 
Yankton.     It  has  a  money-order  post-office. 

Fort  Sum'ner,  post-office,  San  Miguel  co..  New  Mexico. 

Fort  Sum'ter,  a  brick  fortification  built  upon  an 
artificial  island,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Charleston,  S.C,  and  1  mile 
from  Fort  Moultrie.  It  was  the  scene  of  very  important 
events  during  the  war  of  1861-65.  The  construction  of 
this  work  was  begun  in  1829. 

Forts'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Moreau  township,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Saratoga  Springs.  It 
has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  stores. 

Fort  Tatas,  Borneo.    See  Bax.jerjiassin. 

Fort  Tay'lor,  a  brick  structure  on  the  S.AV.  shore  of 
Key  West  Island,  Fla. 

Fort  Ti'condero'ga,  a  station  in  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  pn 
Lake  Champlain,  and  on  the  New  York  &  Canada  Railroad, 
22i  miles  N.  of  Whitehall,  at  the  junction  of  the  branch  to 
Ticonderoga  and  Baldwin.  Here  are  the  ruins  of  the  his- 
toric fort  Ticonderoga,  which  stands  upon  a  peninsula  in  the 
lake.  It  is  connected  by  steamer  with  the  principal  ports 
on  the  lake. 

Fort  Tomp'kins,  on  Staten  Island,  New  York,  is  at 
the  Narrows,  opposite  Fort  Hamilton. 

Fort  Tot'teu,  a  post-office  of  Benson  co.,  N.D.,  on 
Devils  Lake,  82  miles  N.  of  Jamestown. 

Fort  Truin'bull,  a  United  States  fortification  designed 
for  the  defence  of  New  London,  Conn.,  on  the  Thames,  1 
mile  below  New  London. 

Fortuna,  fon-too'n&,  a  town  of  Spain,  16  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Murcia.     Pop.  4310. 

Fortu'na,  a  post-village  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal.,  12  miles 
(direct)  S.  of  Eureka.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  saw-  and  shingle-mills,  &c.     Pop.  about  700. 

Fortuiiatse  lusula;.    See  Cana.uies. 

For'tune,  a  fishing  settlement  on  the  French  shore  of 
Newfoundland,  113  miles  from  Tilt  Cove. 

Fortune  Bay,  a  post-town  and  port  of  entry  of  New- 
foundland, at  the  entrance  to  Fortune  Bay,  57  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Burin.  It  has  a  considerable  trade  with  the  Miquelon 
Islands.     Pop.  805. 

For'tune  Bay,  an  extensive  inlet  of  the  Atlantic,  on 
the  S.  coiist  of  Newfoundland,  lat.  47°  N.,  Ion.  55°  W., 
giving  the  name  to  a  district  on  its  N.  side.  It  contains 
Brune  Island,  and  at  its  entrance  are  the  French  islands  of 
Miquelon  and  St.  Pierre. 

Fortune  Harbor,  a  fishing  hamlet  of  Newfoundland, 
•n  Bay  of  Exploits,  28  miles  from  Twillingate.     Pop.  230. 


Fortune  Island,  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  in  the 

Molucca  Passage.     Lat.  0°  55'  S. ;  Ion.  124°  8'  E. 

Fortune  Island,  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  in  the 
Banda  Sea.     Lat.  5°  3'  S.;  Ion.  132°  11'  E. 

Fortune  Island,  in  the  Sooloo  Sea.  Lat.  14°  4'N.;' 
Ion.  120°  32'  E. 

Fortune  Island,  a  small  islet  off  the  coast  of  Sumatra. 

Fortune  Key,  one  of  the  Bahama  Islands. 

Fort  Union,  yun'yiin,  a  former  post  on  the  Missouri 
River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Yellowstone. 

Fort  Union,  a  post-office  and  military  post  of  Mora 
CO.,  New  Mexico,  about  65  miles  N.E.  of  Santa  F6.  ''The 
valley  in  which  Fort  Union  is  located,"  says  Prof.  Ilayden, 
"  is  a  very  beautiful  one,  and  is  plainly  carved  out  of  the 
cretaceous  plateau."     Here  is  a  United  States  arsenal. 

Fort  VaI'ley,  a  post-village  of  Houston  co.,  Ga.,  26 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Macon,  and  74  miles  E.  of  Columbus. 
It  is  the  largest  village  in  the  county,  and  is  a  peach-grow- 
ing district  and  a  shipping-point  for  cotton.  It  has  2  banks, 
a  newspaper  office,  3  churches,  a  male  academy,  a  female 
seminary,  the  Georgia  Agricultural  Works,  a  cotton-gin,  <fec. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1752. 

Fort  Vancouver,  van-koo'v§r,  a  United  States  post  of 
Clarke  co.,  AV'ashington,  8  miles  N.  of  Portland,  Oregon,  on 
the  N.  bank  of  Ihe  Columbia,  near  the  town  of  Vancouver. 

Fort  Victoria,  vik-to're-i,  in  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
is  the  citadel  of  the  capital  town  of  Aniboyna. 

Fort  Victoria, atown  and  fort  of  India.    SeeBANCooT. 

Fort'ville,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co.,  Ind.,  in  Ver- 
non township,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Indianapolis 
with  Muncie,  21  miles  E.N.E.  of  the  former.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  b.ink,  a  newspaper  office,  a  public  school,  2 
steam  saw-mills,  a  grist-mill,  <tc.     Pop.  in  1890,  685. 

Fort  Wads'worth,  a  military  post  of  Deuel  co.,S.D., 
on  Kettle  Lake.     Lat.  45°  43'  30"  N. ;  Ion.  97°  30'  W. 

Fort  Wadsworth,  on  Staten  Island,  N.Y.,  is  at  the 
Narrows,  the  principal  entrance  to  New  York  Harbor. 

Fort  Wal'lace,  a  post-office  and  military  post  of  Wail- 
lace  CO.,  Kansas,  near  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  353  miles 
W.  of  Topeka.  The  fort  is  built  of  stone  and  is  occupied 
by  a  garrison. 

Fort  Wal'la  Wal'la,  a  United  States  post  near  the 
town  of  Walla  Walhi,  Washington. 

Fort  VVar'ren,  one  of  the  defences  of  Boston,  Mass.,  ia 
upon  (Jeorge's  Island.  It  is  a  strong  work,  built  of  Quincy 
granite. 

Fort  Wash'ington,  a  post-office  of  Prince  George's 
CO.,  Md.,  on  the  Potomac  River,  14  nailes  S.  of  Washington, 
D.C.     Here  is  a  fort  or  defensive  work. 

Fort  Washington,  a  ])ost-vill;ige  of  Montgomery  co.. 
Pa.,  15  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  public  fchooi,  and  manufactures  of  augers. 

Fort  Washita,  wash'e-taw',  a  post-office  of  the  Chick- 
asaw Nation,  Indian  Territory.  Here  are  the  ruins  of  an 
abandoned  fort. 

l'"'ort  Wayne,  wane,  a  city  of  Indiana,  capital  of  Allen 
CO.,  is  on  the  Maumee  River,  at  the  confluence  of  its  branches 
the  St.  Joseph  and  St.  Mary's  Rivers,  and  on  the  Grand 
Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Pittsburg, 
Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago  and  AVabash  Railroads,  148  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Chicago,  142  miles  S.S.E.  of  Grand  Rapids,  92 
miles  N.  of  Richmond,  and  94  miles  AV.S.AV.  of  Toledo,  0. 
It  is  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Fort  AVayne,  Jackson  &  Sagi- 
naw Railroad,  and  the  N.  terminus  of  the  Fort  AA^vyne, 
Muncie  &  Cincinnati  Railroad.  Its  trade  is  also  facilitated 
by  the  AVabash  &  Erie  Canal.  It  contains  a  court-house,  27 
churches,  2  or  3  national  banks,  a  high  school,  the  Concordia 
College  (Lutheran),  which  was  founded  in  1850,  and  the  Fort 
Wayne  College  (Methodist  Episcopal),  which  was  organized 
in  1846.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  Catholic  bishop,  and  has  a  Cath- 
olic hospital,  a  convent,  and  2  academies.  Four  daily  and 
5  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here;  2  of  the  weekly 
papers  are  in  German.  This  city  has  several  iron-foundries 
and  machine-shops,  a  rolling-mill,  and  manufactories  of 
railroad-cars,  organs,  woollen  goods,  engines  and  boilers, 
&c.  Large  workshops  of  3  railroads  are  located  here. 
Pop.  in  1870,  17,718:  in  1880,  26,880;  in  1890,  35,393. 

Fort  Wayne,  a  United  States  fort,  near  Detroit,  Mich., 
on  the  Detroit  River. 

Fort  Whip'ple,a  United  States  military  post,  2  mileS 
N.  of  Proscott,  Arizona. 

Fort  Whipple,  a  United  States  work  of  Alexandria 
CO.,  Va.,  near  Arlington. 

Fort  William,  wil'yam,  a  village  and  fort  of  Scot- 
land, CO.  of  Inverness,  on  Loch  Eil,  near  the  foot  of  Ben 
Nevis,  adjacent  to  the  village  of  Maryburgh.  Pop.  of  vil- 
lace    1212  -..'.•    p,-..-  .^.*..^„„  , 

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Port  William,  wll'y^tn,  a  pogt->^lIage  in  Pontlao  oo., 
Quebec,  on  tho  river  Ottawa,  20  miles  above  Renfrew, 
ohiilly  inhnbitod  by  Indians.  It  was  formerly  a  fort  of 
the  Hudson's  Bay  Company.     Pop.  125. 

Fort  William,  a  post- village  of  Ontario,  4  miles  from 
Port  Arthur,  on  the  Kaministiquia  River,  near  Thunder 
Bay  (Lake  Superior),  760  miles  from  ColUngwood.  The 
Tillage  contains  10  hotels,  several  churches,  a  mu^ic-hiill, 
convent,  grain-elevator  (capacity,  H  million  bushels),  saw- 
and  planing-iuills,  machine-  and  repair-shops  of  the  Caniida 
Pacific  Railway,  brass-  and  iron-fouudry  and  machine-shop, 
Ac.  It  is  a  landing  of  the  Lake  Superior  steamers,  and  the 
Lake  Superior  terminus  of  the  Canada  Pacific  Railway, 
Rich  silver-mines  are  worked  in  tho  vicinity.     Pop.  15(10. 

Fort  Win'gnte,  a  post-office  and  niilitiiry  post  of  Va- 
lencia CO.,  New  Mexico.     Lat.  .35°  20'  N.;  Ion.  108°  20'  W. 

Fort  Wiii^ucba'go,  a  township  of  Columbia  co.,  Wis. 
Pop.  727. 

Fort  Win'throp,  Massachusetts,  a  United  States  work 
on  Governor's  Island,  in  Boston  harbor. 

Fort  Wolcott,  wOol'krit.  a  United  States  work  on 
Goat  Island,  in  the  harbor  of  Newport,  R.I. 

Fort  Wood,  a  fortification  on  Bedloe's  Island,  in  the 
harbor  of  New  York. 

Fort  Wool,  on  the  "  Rip  Raps,"  in  Hampton  Roads, 
Va.,  was  1  mile  S.E.  of  Fortress  Monroe. 

Fort  Worth,  a  ])o?t-village,  capital  of  Tarrant  co., 
Tex.,  on  the  West  Fork  of  tho  Trinity  River,  .32  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  DalKis.  It  has  19  churches,  7  banks,  9  news- 
paper offices,  high  and  public  schools,  manufactures  of 
woollen  and  cotton  gvods,  a  packing-house,  and  a  brewery. 
Pop.  in  1890,  23,076. 

Fort  Wrangell,  ring'el,  a  post-village  and  military 
post  of  Alaska,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  at  Etolin  Harbor,  on 
Wrangell  Island,  about  145  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sitka.  Lat.  66° 
31' 30"  N.;  Ion.  132°  20' W. 

Forty-Eight,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Tenn. 

Forty-One  Mile  Turn'out,  a  station  in  Colleton 
CO.,  S.C,  on  tho  South  Carolina  Railroad,  41  miles  N.W.  of 
Charleston. 

Fort  Yn'ma,  a  United  States  post  in  San  Diego  co., 
Cal.,  on  tho  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  and  on  the  Colo- 
rado River,  opposite  Yuma,  Arizona,  80  miles  by  water  from 
tho  Gulf  of  California. 

Fornm  Alieni,  the  ancient  name  of  Fburaha. 

Forum  Claudii,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Oiuolo. 

Fornm  Cornelii,  the  ancient  name  of  Imola. 

Forum  Gallornm,  ancient  name  of  Cartel-Franco. 

Forum  Jovis,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Marazion. 

Forum  Julii,  the  ancient  name  of  Friuli. 

Forum  Julii,  or  Forum  Julium.    See  Freius. 

Forum  Julii,  the  ancient  name  of  Cividale. 

Forum  Licinii,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Lecco. 

Forum  Livii,  the  ancient  name  of  Forli. 

Forum  Neronis,  the  ancient  name  of  LodSve, 

Forum  Novum,  the  ancient  name  of  Forvovo. 

Forum  Popilii,    See  Forlimi-opoli,  and  Poli,a. 

Forum  Segusianorum,  the  ancient  name  of  Feurs. 

Forum  Scmpronii.    See  Fossombro.ve. 

Forum  Vocontii,  the  ancient  name  of  Vidaubax. 

For'ward,  a  township  of  Allcghjiny  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  1300. 

Forward,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Pa,  Pop.  1025,  It 
includes  Prospect. 

Forward,  a  post-office  of  Dane  co.,  Wis. 

Fos,  fos,  a  hamlet  of  France,  in  Bouches-du-RhQne,  6 
miles  S.  of  Istres,  at  the  head  of  the  Gulf  of  Fos,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Canal  of  St.  Louis,  and  near  tho  outlet  of 
the  old  canal  {fossa)  dug  by  Caius  Marius.  The  ground  is 
marshy.     Here  are  salt-works.     Pop.  of  commune,  1170. 

Fos,  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute-Garonne,  in  the 
Pyrenees,  60  miles  S.W.  of  Toulouse.     Pop.  1551. 

Foscaldo,  fos-kil'do,  a  market-town  of  Italy,  province 
and  10  miles  N.W.  of  Cosenza.     Pop.  2000. 

Fosco'ro,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kewaunee  co.,  AVis.,  in 
Ahnepeo  township,  on  Lake  Michigan,  40  miles  N.E.  of 
the  city  of  Green  Bay.     It  has  1  or  2  lumber-mills. 

Fosdinovo,  fos-de-no'vo  (L.  Fosdeno'vum),  a  village 
of  Italy,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Carrara,  1814  feet  above  the  sea. 
Pop.  of  commune,  5962. 

Fosnaes,  or  Fosu&S,  fos'niee,  a  maritime  village  and 
parish  of  Norway,  90  miles  N.N.E.  of  Trondhjem. 

Fossaceca,  fos'si-chi'ki,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
and  9  miles  N.W.  of  Campobasso.     Pop.  2770. 

Fossaceca,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta,  12 
miles  N.W.  of  Piedimonte,     Pop.  983. 

Fossaceca,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Chieti,  near 
the  Adriatic,  4i  miles  S.E.  of  San  Vito.     Pop.  3268. 


Fossa  Clodia,  the  ancient  name  of  CniooaiA. 

Fossano,  fos-sl'no  (ano.  Fotio'iium),  a  town  of  Itoly 
in  Piedmont,  on  tho  Stura,  14  miles  by  rail  N.K.  of  Coni. 
It  is  picturesquely  situated  on  a  hill,  enalo8e<l  by  old  walls, 
and  crowned  by  a  fine  castle.  Internally  it  is  antique  and 
gloomy,  the  houses  built  over  arcades,  which  form  tho  foot- 
ways. It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  fine  cathedral,  oon- 
taining  a  few  good  paintings,  other  churches  and  conven- 
tual buildings,  several  palaces,  a  theatre,  hospital,  moiit- 
df-pi(tf,  or|>han  asylum,  cemetery,  a  BcientiHo  academy, 
several  educational  establishments,  and  mineral  baths.  Its 
manufactures  are  silk,  leather,  iron,  woollen  goods,  and 
paper.     Pop.  16,544. 

Fosse,  or  Fosses,  foss,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
and  8  miles  S.W.  of  Naraur.     Pop.  3.i47. 

Fos'sil,  an  incorporated  post-villnge  of  Gilliam  co., 
Oregon,  16  miles  (direct)  8.  by  W.  of  Condon.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  graded  public  school,  a  newspaper  office.   P.  153. 

Fos'silville,  a  post-villago  of  Btdlord  co.,  Pa.,  18 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Cumberland,  Md.     It  has  a  church. 

Fossnaes,  a  village  of  Norway.    See  Fosn^s. 

Fossombrone,  fos-som-bro'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the 
Marches,  on  the  Metauro,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Urbino.  Pop. 
9056.  It  sprang  from  the  ruins  of  the  ancient  Fornm  Sem- 
pronii,  2  miles  distant,  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  cathedral 
and  flourishing  manufactures. 

Foss'ton,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co.,  Minn.,  45  miles 
by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Crookston.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  207. 

Fossum,  fos'sCSm,  a  village  of  Norway,  62  miles  S.W. 
of  Chrii'tiiina.     It  has  a  cobalt-mine  and  iron-works. 

Fostat,  fosH4t',  or  Old  Cairo  (ki'ro),  a  town  of  Cen- 
tral  Egypt,  on  the  Nile,  3i  miles  S.W.  of  Cairo,  opposite 
Gheezeh.    See  Cairo. 

Fos'ter,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  North  Dakota, 
has  an  area  of  about  648  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Pipestem  River  and  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad. 
Capital,  Carrington.     Pop.  in  1880,  37;  in  1890,  1210. 

Foster,  a  post-village  of  Bracken  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  about  30  miles  below  Maysville.     Pop.  191. 

Foster,  a  post-village  of  Bates  co..  Mo.,  13  miles  by 
rail  W.S.W.  of  Butler.  It  has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office, 
an  academy,  <fcc.     Pop.  513. 

Foster,  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.    See  Hop  Bottom. 

Foster,  Venango  co..  Pa.     See  Coal  Citv. 

Foster,  a  post-office  of  Fond  du  Lac  co..  Wis.,  about  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Fond  du  Lac. 

Fos'ter  Brook,  a  post-village  of  McKean  co..  Pa.,  2 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Derrick  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Fos'terburg,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co..  III.,  • 
miles  N.E.  of  Upper  Alton.     It  has  3  churches. 

Fosterburg,  or  Foster's,  a  hamlet  of  Marion  oo., 
III.,  4  miles  E.  of  Vernon  Station,  which  is  11  miles  S.  of 
Vandalia.     It  has  a  church.     Here  is  Lester  Post-Office. 

Foster  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Providence  co.,  R.I., 
in  Foster  township,  about  18  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Providence. 
It  has  a  church,  a  manufactory  of  shell  jewelry,  and  a  stone- 
quarry.     Pop.  34. 

Fos'terdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  6 
miles  E.  of  Cochecton  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Foster  Pond,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co..  III. 

Fos'ters,  a  post-office  of  Tuscaloosa  co.,  Ala. 

P'oster's,  a  hamlet  of  Illinois.     See  Fostkrburg. 

Foster's,  a  station  in  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.,  on  tne 
Michigan  Central  Railroad,  2  miles  W.  of  Ann  Arbor. 

Foster's,  a  station  in  Adams  co..  Miss.,  on  the  Natchez, 
Jackson  &  Columbus  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Natchez. 

Foster's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  0.,  in  Hamilton 
town!<hip,  on  the  Little  Miami  Railroad,  27  miles  N.E.  of 
Cincinnati.  It  has  2  churches,  a  distillery,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Foster's,  or  Falkland,  a  post-settlement  in  Lunen- 
burg CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  41  miles  from  Kentville.     Pop.  100. 

Foster's  Meadow,  a  post-hamlet  in  Queens  co.,  N.l., 
on  a  branch  of  the  Long  Lsland  Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of  Val- 
ley Stream  Junction.     It  has  2  churches.     P.  in  1880,  477. 

Foster's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Armstrong  oo..  Pa., 
in  Sugar  Creek  township,  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  East  Brady. 

Foster  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lyon  co.,  Kansas, 
74  miles  N.  of  Americus. 

Foster's  Ridge,  a  post-off.ce  of  Perry  co.,  Ind. 

Foster's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chattooga  oo.,  Ga., 
21  miles  from  Rome.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Fos'tertown,  a  hamlet  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  at 
Brown's  Station,  1  mile  S.  of  Lumberton. 

FostertoAvn,  a  hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  in  New- 
burg  township.     It  has  a  church. 


FOS 


.1206 


yov 


Fos'terville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Aurelius  township,  about  6  miles  W.N.W.  of  Auburn.  It 
has  a  church. 

Fosterville,  a  village  of  Mahoning  co.,  0.,  in  Youngs- 
town  township,  2  miles  from  the  Painesville  &  Youngstown 
Railroad.     Block  coal  is  largely  mined  here. 

Fosterville,  a  post-village  of  Rutherford  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Nashville  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  46  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Nashville.     It  has  a  church. 

Fosterville,  a  post-village  of  Anderson  co.,  Tex.,  13 
miles  N.\V.  of  Nechesville  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Fosto'ria,  a  post-village  of  Seneca  co.,  0.,  on  the  Lake 
Erie  <fc  Louisville  Railroad,  and  on  the  Chicago  division  of 
the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Columbus 
<fc  Toledo  Railroad,  21  miles  S.W.  of  Fremont,  16  miles 
N.E.  of  Findlay,  and  13  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Tiffin.  It  con- 
tains 12  churches,  3  banks,  an  academy,  a  normal  school, 
manufactures  of  glass  and  glass  novelties,  and  several  flour- 
mills  and  saw-mills.  Two  daily  and  4  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  7070. 

1'  ostoria,  a  post-hamlet  of  Blair  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Altoona.    It  has  2  stores. 

Fota,  a  small  island  of  Ireland.     See  Foatv. 

Fotcha,  Fotscha,  or  Fotsha,  fot'shi,  a  town  of 
Herzegovina,  30  miles  E.  of  Mostar.  Fine  cutlery  is  here 
made.     Pop.  8000. 

Foth'cringay,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  North- 
ainpton,  27  miles  N.E.  of  Northampton. 

Fou,  a  town  of  China.    See  Foo. 

Fou,  a  Chinese  name  for  "city."    See  Foo. 

Fouah  and  Foua,  a  village  of  Egypt.    See  FooAH. 

Fou-Chan,  China.    See  Foo-Sha.v. 

Fou-Chou,  a  city  of  China.    See  Foo-Choo-Foo. 

Fouesnaiit,  foo-6s'n6xo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Finis- 
tSro,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Quimper.     Pop.  242. 

Foug,  foog  (anc.  Fa'gua  Leco'rum  ?),  a  village  of  France, 
in  Mcurthe-ct-Moselle,  5  miles  by  rail  \V.  of  Toul.  A  hill 
in  the  vicinity  is  crowned  by  the  remains  of  a  palace  which 
belonged  to  tho  early  kings  of  F'rance.     Pop.  1484. 

Fougeray,  or  Le  (Jrand  Fougeray,  l^h  grftu" 
foo*zh?h-r4',  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Ille-et-Vilaine,  17  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Redon.     Pop.  1083. 

Foiigeres,  foo^zhaia'  (L.  Fllican'«  Rhedomim),  a  town 
of  Franco,  lUc-et-Vilaine,  27  miles  N.E.  of  Rennes,  near 
the  Nanfon.  Pop.  10,396.  It  has  a  commercial  college, 
mineriil  springs,  manufactures  of  sail-cloth,  hempen  fab- 
rics, flannel,  glass,  shoes,  «fcc.,  and  trade  in  corn,  butter, 
and  honey.  It  was  formerly  one  of  the  strongest  places  in 
Brittany,  and  was  often  taken  and  retaken  during  the  wars 
with  the  English.  A  battle  took  place  here,  November  15, 
1793,  between  tho  Yendeans  and  the  Republicans. 

Fougerolles,  foo'zheh-roU',  a  village  of  France,  de- 
partment and  19  miles  N.\V.  of  Mayenne.     Pop.  817. 

Fougerolles,  a  village  of  France,  in  Ilaute-Saone,  16 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Lure.  Pop.  1282,  or,  with  commune, 
6459.     It  has  a  considerable  manufacture  of  cherry  brandy. 

Fouges,  foozh,  a  seaport  town  of  Asia  Minor.  (See 
Piioc.«A.)  The  Gulp  ok  Fougrs  is  an  inlet  of  tho  ^Egean 
Sea,  immediately  N.  of  the  Gulf  of  Smyrna. 

Fou-Hoa,  a  town  of  China.     See  Oochee. 

Foul,  or  Foula,  an  island  of  Shetland.     See  Fowi.A. 

Foulahs,  a  race  of  West  Africa.     See  Foolahs. 

Foul  Island,  in  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  off  tho  W.  coast 
of  Burmah.     Lat.  18°  4"  N. ;  Ion.  93°  57'  E. 

Foul'ness,  an  island  of  England,  co.  of  Essex,  on  the 
North  Sea,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rochford.  It  is  tho  largest 
of  a  cluster  of  islands  near  the  mouth  of  the  river  Crouch. 

Foiil'point,  a  village  on  the  E.  coast  of  Madagascar. 
Lat.  17°  40'  S. ;  Ion.  49°  30'  E. 

Foulta,  a  village  of  India.    See  Fdlta. 

Founai,  a  town  of  Japan.     See  Fooxai. 

Foun'dry  Village,  in  Colcrain  township,  Franklin 
CO.,  Mass.,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Colerain  village.  It  has  a  church 
and  some  manufactures. 

Foun'dry ville,  a  hamlet  in  Foster  township,  Luzerne 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  1  mile  from  Jeddo, 
and  67  miles  W.N.W.  of  Easton.  It  has  a  foundry  and 
machine-shop. 

Foung-Yang,  a  city  of  China.    See  Fuxg-Yano. 

Foung-Yang<iHouang-Tchiug,China.  SeeFuNa- 
Whang-Chino. 

Fou-Ning,  a  city  of  China.    See  Foo-Nixo. 

Foun'tain,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Indiana,  has 
an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  tho 
N.W.  by  the  Wabash  River,  and  intersected  by  Coal  Creek. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests,  in  which  the  sugar-maple  abounds.    The  soil  is  a 


fertile  loam.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  pork,  and  hay  are  tho 
staple  products.  This  county  has  beds  of  bituminous  coal. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  Toledo,  St.  Louis  &  Kansas  City 
Railroad,  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis 
Railroad,  and  the  Wabash  Railroad,  the  two  latter  com- 
municating with  Covington,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
Pop.  in  1870,  16,389;  in  1880,  20,228;  in  1890,  19.658. 

Fountain,  a  post- village  of  El  Paso  co..  Col.,  on  Foun- 
tain Creek,  and  on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  12 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Colorado  Springs.  It  has  a  church  and 
general  stores.     Pop.  about  100. 

Fountain,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  III.  Pop.  297?. 
It  contains  Waterloo,  the  county  seat. 

Fountain,  a  post-village  of  Fountain  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Wabash  River,  about  7  miles  below  Attica.    It  has  a  church. 

Fountain,  a  township  of  Ottawa  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  786. 

Fountain,  a  post-village  in  Fountain  township,  Fill- 
more CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  Southern  Minnesota  Railroad,  61 
miles  W.  of  La  Crosse,  Wis.,  and  about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Rochester.  It  has  a  church,  a  drug-store,  an  elevator,  Ac. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  999. 

Fountain,  a  station  in  Centre  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Bellet- 
fonte  &  Snowshoe  Railroad,  2  miles  E.  of  Snowshoe. 

Fountain,  a  post-office  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa. 

Fountain,  a  township  of  Juneau  co..  Wis.     Pop.  740. 

Foun'tain  Bluff,  a  post-vill.age  of  Jackson  co.,  111., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  21  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Carbondale. 
Ir  h.as  a  church,  and  bluffs  about  200  feet  high. 

Fountain  City,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.,  9 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Richmond.     It  has  4  churches. 

Fountain  City,  a  post-village  of  Buffalo  co..  Wis.,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  about  8  miles  above  Winona,  Minn., 
and  36  miles  N.W.  of  La  Crosse.  It  contains  3  churches, 
several  steam  saw-mills  and  flouring-mills,  and  a  manufac- 
tory of  farming-implements.  A  weekly  (German)  news- 
paper is  published  here.     Pop.  994. 

Fountain  Creek,  Col,    See  Foxtaine  qui  Bouillb. 

Fountain  Creek,  township,  Iroquois  co.,  111.     P.  503. 

Fountain  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Stephenson  co.,  IlL 

Fountain  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Maury  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Louisville  &  Great  Southern  Railroad  (at  Camp- 
bell's Station),  13  miles  S.  of  Columbia.     It  has  a  church. 

Fountain  Dale,  a  post-oflice  of  Ogle  co.,  Ill, 

Fountain  Dale,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co..  Pa.,  3 
miles  from  Sabillasville,  Md.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  saw-mill. 

Fountain  Green,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co.,  111., 
in  Fountain  Green  township,  12  miles  B  N.E.  of  Carthage, 
and  about  45  miles  N.N.E.  of  Quincy.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  graded  school.    Pop.  about  250  ;  of  the  township,  1 095. 

Fountain  Green,  a  post-village  of  Harford  co.,  Md., 
about  28  miles  N.E.  of  Baltimore. 

Fountain  Green,  an  incorporated  port- village  of  San 
Pete  CO.,  Utah,  about  20  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Nepbi. 
It  has  a  church,  a  brick-yard,  and  a  pottery. 

Fountain  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Linn  co.,  Mo.,  14 
miles  S.E.  of  Chillicothe.     It  has  a  church. 

Fountain  Head,  a  post-village  of  Sumner  co.,  Tenn., 
39  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Nashville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Fountain  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Ashley  co.,  Ark. 

Fountain  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  N.C. 

Fountain  Inn,  a  post-office  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C. 

Fountain  Mills,  a  post-office  of  I'rederick  co.,  Md. 

Fountain  Mills,  a  station  on  tho  Mount  Pleasant 
Branch  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Mount  Pleasant,  Pa. 

Fountain  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  township  of  Columbia 
CO.,  Wis.     Pop.  1461,     It  includes  Fall  River, 

Fountain  Rock,  a  station  on  the  Frederick  &  Penn- 
sylvania Line  Railroad,  4  miles  from  Frederick,  Md. 

Fountain  Run,or  Jini'town,a  post-hamlet  of  Mon- 
roe CO.,  Ky.,  20  miles  S.  of  Glasgow.     It  has  a  church. 

Foun'tains  Ab'bey,  one  of  the  finest  monastic  ruins 
in  England,  co.  of  York,  West  Riding,  in  the  beautiful  park 
of  Studley-Royal,  about  3  miles  S.W,  of  Ripon. 

Fountain  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Wood  co.,  W.  Va. 

Fountain  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Tulare  co.,  Cal. 

Fountain  Springs,  a  hamlet  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  1 
mile  E.  of  Ashland.  It  has  manufactures  of  carpets  and  cigars. 

Fountain  Station,  a  village  of  Vigo  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Indianapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Terro 
Haute.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Foun'taintown,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  <fc  Indianapolis  Railroad,  20  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school, 
a  pump-factory,  and  a  tile- factory.     Pop.  in  1880,  245. 

Fountainville,  a  post-office  of  Bucks  co..  Pa. 

Fou-Pim,  a  town  of  China.    See  Foo-Pm. 


rem 


)io^ 


fOX 


Foa-Pin,atoiniorC1iiM.    S^  F<»-Pi!». 

Foar  llrothprt,  Ada.    S««  Qv4Tmm-FB»B«s. 

Ponr  ('antona,  SwiUerikad.    S«e  Forht  Ckwntn. 

Poarckaaibaalt,  fooR'itiAM'bfl',  m  rtll*^  of  PmsM^ 
ta  NUvr«,  &  milM  hj  ndl  N.MT.  of  N«r«n,  «■  ttM  Loln^  kara 
•roMd  bj  a  >ut|MNHi«n-bridse.  H«r«  v*  iraa-OMltiag 
tmnmem  aad  forM*.     Pop.  iMS. 

F*areke  4  ]t«aa«ltt  fuonh  &  ite^OH*,  •  post-oftM 
•f  WMktegtM  «>.,  Mo. 

F*aralie  il  Tliomat«  foonb  &  to^mi',  a  mall  straam 
which  riaM  ia  the  S.  part  of  MUvoari,  aad,  flowing  aoath- 
war4  ialo  AHraaM*.  enlan  Bla«k  Rirer  ab«T«  Pooahontas. 

Foarche  Caddo.    8«a  Caddo  Ckibk,  Ark. 

Fonreke  la  Fave*  foonk  14  ttr,  a  rirer  of  ArkanKu, 
Haet  in  Seott  eo.,  rmu  «Mtwarti  through  Yell  and  Perry 
eoa.,  and  enters  the  ArkuuM  Rirer  abmit  12  milea  E.  of 
FMTTtille.     It  l»  neariy  1»0  Bile*  long. 

Faareha*  tboa'shD',  a  aaaport  on  the  S.E.  eoatt  of  Cape 
Bratoa  I«huid,  eo.  of  Rlekaaad,  40  miles  B.  by  N.  of  St. 
PMan.    Pop.  too. 

Foar  CoraerSt  *  village  of  Los  Aageles  eo.,  Cal.,  8 
■liles  from  El  Monte.     It  has  1  eharehee. 

Four  Comers,  a  post-oSoe  of  Jeffieraon  eo.,  Iowa. 

Foar  CoraerSf  a  poet-hamlet  of  Montgomery  00.,  Md., 
•ikottt  I*  miles  N.  of  Washington,  D.C.  It  has  a  <rfiair- 
iketsry. 

Foar  Coraers,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huron  eo.,  0.,  3  miles 
from  Monroeville,  and  aboot  100  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Colom- 
biis.  It  has  a  ebnroh  aad  manu&etaree  of  carriages,  eul- 
tirators,  aad  phHigfas. 

Foar  ETaa'i^listS}  a  gronp  of  fbor  islets  off  the  W. 
aoast  of  Patagonia,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Strait  of  Magellan, 
lat,  52*  M'  S.,  Ion.  75°  5'  W.,  and  which,  with  eight  others, 
aboat  15  miles  W.,  compose  a  gronp  called  the  "Tweire 
Apostles." 

Four  Lakes*  Wisconsin,  a  chain  of  takes  iik  D.ine 
00.,  ealled  respoetirely  Mendota,  Menona,  Waabesa,  and  Ke- 
^nsa,  or  Fourth,  Third,  Second,  and  First  Lakes.  They 
«i«  connected  by  short  ontlets.  Lake  Mendota,  which  is 
the  largest,  is  contiguous  to  the  city  of  Madison.  (See  Mex- 
BOTA.)  Menona  is  separated  from  the  preceding  by  a  narrow 
isthmas,  on  which  Madison  i«  built.  The  water  of  these 
lakes  is  deep  and  pnre.    See  Madiso:*.  Mpnoxa,  Ac. 

Foar  Locks,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  eo.,  Md., 
on  the  Potomac  Rirer  and  the  Chesapeake  A  Ohio  Canal,  3 
miles  from  North  Mountain  Station,  W.  Ya. 

Foarmies,  fooR^mee',  a  rillage  of  France,  in  Iford,  S 
allies  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Aresnes.     Pop.  S151. 

Four  Mile,  a  post-office  of  'Set  Perees  eo.,  Idaho. 

Foar  Mile,  a  township  of  Wayne  co..  III.     Pop.  1S17. 

Foar  Mile,  a  township  of  Polk  eo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  449. 

Four  Mile,  a  poet-hamlet  of  Dunklin  eo..  Mo.,  24  miles 
fW>m  Dexter  City.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of  Foar  Mile 
township,  830. 

Four  .Mile,  a  township  of  Barnwell  eo.,  S.C.     P.  1935. 

Foar  .Mile  Braach,  a  post-ofiee  of  Monroe  eo.,  Tenn. 

Four  Mile  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  in  Preble  co.,  runs 
■outbward  and  southeastward,  and  enters  the  Orcat  Miami 
River  in  Butler  eo.,  nearly  3  miles  above  Hamilton. 

Fonmeaax  Islaads,  Australia.    See  FrnxBArx. 

Foarni  (foor'nee*)  Islands  (anc.  Gor'tae),  a  group  of 
the  Grecian  ArchipeLigo,  belonging  to  Asiatic  Turkey,  and 
eonsistin^  of  about  20  islets,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Samoa. 

Four^teea',  a  poet-office  of  Lineohi  eo.,  W.  Va. 

Fourteen  Mile  Creek,  of  Indiana,  flows  through 
filarke  co.  into  the  Ohio,  14  miles  above  New  Albany. 

Fourteen  Mile  Creek,  of  Mississippi,  flows  throngh 
Hinds  CO.  into  Big  Black  River. 

Foarth,  a  township  of  Richland  eo.,  S.C.     Pop.  7687. 

Fourth  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.,  Kansas. 

Fourth  Cross'ing,  a  post-office  of  Cahiveras  oo.,  Cal. 

Fourth  Lake,  Wisconsin.    See  Four  Lakes. 

Four  Towns,  in  Scotland.     See  IIigrtae. 

Four  Towns,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oakland  co.,  Mieh.,  7 
■liles  W.  of  Pontiac.     It  has  a  cbnreh. 

Fou-Schan,  a  town  of  China.    See  Foo-SaAW. 

Fousi,  or  Fonsiyama,  Japan.    See  Fooseb. 

Fonst's  .Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  oo.,  N.C., 
'S5  miles  S.S.E.  of  Orecnsboroagh.  It  has  a  flenr-mill,  Ac 
-     Foa-Tchoa-Foo,  China.    See  Foo-Choo-Foo. 

Foutsitz,  a  town  of  Japan.    See  Foorsm. 

FoBveat-le-Bas,  ft)oV63««'- l^h  - b4',  a  Tillage  of 
France,  in  Haote-Sadne,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Gray.  In  its 
vicinity  are  large  grottos,  in  which  bare  been  disnorered 
the  foatfil  bones  of  a  great  number  of  qaadmpeds.     P.  3:^6. 

FoTeanx  (fS'rS')  Strait,  in  New  Zealand,  separates 
Hew  Mnnstar  from  Xew  Leinstcr.    It  eontaiaa  many  islets. 


Fow,  or  Faax,  f3,  an  island  in  tha  Malay  ArchipeU 
ago,  Qilokk  Paaaag^  tat.  0«  6'  S.,  k>n.  12r>  W  £.,  i«parata4 
from  the  W.  shore  of  Geby  by  a  channel. 

FoweTji  foy,  written  also  Fawef,  a  rirer  of  Bnglaad, 
•atara  the  English  Channel  near  Fowey.    Length,  3U  milea. 

Fowey,  a  town  of  England,  eo.  of  Cornwall,  at  tha 
Btoath  of  the  above  river.  It  is  the  terminus  of  a  branch 
railway,  and  is  25  miles  8.S.W.  of  Lannceston.  Its  har 
bor  admits  the  largest  veasels,  and  is  defended  by  forta. 
The  prineipal  exports  are  copper  ore,  pilchards,  china  clay, 
and  stone.  Fowey  was  a  place  of  great  importance  in  tha 
thirteenth  and  fourteenth  centuries.     Pop.  of  parish,  1394. 

Fowey  Rocks,  a  ledge  in  the  Atlantic,  oS  the  S.  ex- 
tremity of  Florida,  with  a  light-house. 

Fowla,  or  Fonia,  fSw'li,  written  also  Foul,  one  of 
the  Shetland  Islands,  IS  miles  W.  of  the  others,  in  lat.  6a° 
8'  N.,  Ion.  2"  6'  W.  This  islet  is  conjectured  to  hare  beea 
the  Ultima  Thnlt  of  the  ancients.     Pop.  257. 

FoW'Leaag,  a  town  of  China.    See  Fcoo-Leaxo. 

Fowl'er,  a  station  in  Fresno  co.,  Cal.,  0  miles  by  rail 
S.E.  of  Fresno  City.  It  has  4  ehnrches,  a  high  school,  and 
a  raisin-  and  dry-fmit-packing  establishment. 

Fowler,  a  port-rillage  of  Adams  co.,  III.,  in  Gilmora 
township,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  A  Quiney  Railroad, 
11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Quiney.     It  has  several  churches. 

Fowler,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Benton  eo.,  Ind.,  ia 
Centre  township,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Lafayette  A  Chicago 
Railroad,  28  miles  N.W.  of  Lafayette.  It  has  2  news- 
paper offices,  2  banks,  a  money-order  post-office,  5  churches, 
a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  farming-implements, 
tiles,  and  fnmiture.     Pop.  in  1890,  1285. 

Fowler,  a  post-rillage  of  Clinton  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Detroit  A  Milwaukee  Railroad,  9i  miles  W.  of  St.  John, 
and  51  miles  E.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
bank,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  planing-inill.     Pop.  346. 

Fowler,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.T.,  about 
25  miles  (direct)  S.  by  W.  of  Canton,  and  7  miles  (direct) 
E.  of  Caledonia  Station.  It  has  a  church,  a  district  school, 
and  mannfaelnres  of  wood-pulp.  Pop.  about  100;  of 
Fowler  township,  1 592. 

Fowler,  a  post-rillage  in  Fowler  township,  Trumbull 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan  Southern  Railroad 
(Yonngstown  Branch),  17  miles  N.  of  Youngstown.  This 
township  has  3  ehnrches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  871. 

Fowler,  a  station  in  Wyandot  co..  0..  on  the  Colnmbos 
A  Toledo  Railroiul,  6  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Upper  Sandusky. 

Fowler,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Centre  co.,  I'a., 
in  Taylor  township,  on  the  Bald  Eagle  Valley  Railroad. 
It  has  a  large  lumber-mill. 

Fowler*s,  a  post-office  of  Brooke  co.,  W.  Va.,  at  Fowl- 
ersrille,  a  small  hamlet  3  miles  from  La  Grange  Station, 
which  is  in  Ohio.     It  has  a  church. 

Fowler's  Bay,  South  Australia,  near  the  bead  of  tha 
great  Australian  bight,  immediately  W.  of  Point  Fowler,  ia 
lat.  32°  3'  S.,  Ion.  132°  40'  E. 

Fowler's  Knob,  a  post-office  of  Nicholas  co.,  W.  Va. 

Fowler's  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Humphreys  eo., 
Tenn.,  on  Tennessee  River,  12  miles  above  Johnsonville. 

Fowler's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Geauga  co.,  0..  5  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Chardon.     It  has  a  church  and  a  tionr-mill. 

Fowl'ersville,  or  Fowl'enrille,  a  post-village  in 
Handy  township,  Livingston  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Red  Cedar 
River,  and  on  the  Detroit.  Lansing  A  L.-\ke  Michigan  Rail- 
road, 61  miles  W.X.W.  of  Detroit,  and  8  miles  N.W.  of 
Howell.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  3  newi^nper  offices,  a 
union  school,  a  Cne  hotel,  a  flouring-mill,  2  planing-mills, 
and  a  barrel- factory.     Pop.  about  1100. 

Fowlersville,  Columbia  eo..  Pa.     See  Wbitmire. 

Fowlersville,  West  Virginia.     See  Fowunn's. 

Fowlerville,  Michigan.    S«e  Fowi.ersviii,b. 

Fowl'erville,  a  post-village  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y., 
in  York  township,  near  the  Genesee  Rirer,  about  22  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Rochester.  It  has  2  churches,  and  a  machine- 
shop  in  which  farm-implements  and  portable  steamers  ara 
made.     Pop.  aSont  400. 

Fowl'ing  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caroline  co.,  Md, 
about  9  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Denton.     It  has  a  church. 

Fow'lis  Wes'ter,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  12 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Perth.     Pop.  of  parish,  1161. 

Fowls'town,  a  poet- village  of  Decatur  co.,  Ga..  8  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Bainbridge  Junction.  It  has  3  churches, 
saw-mills,  cigar-factories  and  manufactures  of  turjientine. 
P««>   150. 

Fox,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wells  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Fort 
Wayne,  Muncie  A  Cincinnati  Railroad,  20  miles  S.  of  Fort 
Wayne. 

Fox,  a  township  of  Black  Hawk  oo.,  Iowa.    Pop.  825. 


tox 


4^ 


inn 


Fox,  a  post-office  of  Ray  cc,  Mo. 

Fox,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  0.  Pop.  1119.  It  con- 
tains Mechaniestown. 

Fox,  a  township  of  Elk  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1188.  It  con- 
tains Earley,  Centreville,  Ac. 

Fox,  a  township  of  Sullivan  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  443. 

Fox,  a  post-office  of  Grayson  co.,  Va. 

Fox'borough,  a  post-village  in  Foxborough  township, 
Norfolk  CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston,  Clinton  <fc  Fitchburg 
Railroad,  14  miles  N.N.W.  of  Taunton,  and  22  miles  S.3.AV. 
of  Boston.  It  has  5  ctmrches,  a  high  school,  a  savings- 
hank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  public  library,  a  granite- 
quarry,  iron-works,  and  manufactures  of  straw  goods,  soap, 
hats,  and  shoes.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2933. 

Fox'borough,  a  post-village  in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario, 
7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Belleville.  It  contains  2  stores,  2  hotels, 
a  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  150. 

Fox'burg,  a  post-village  of  Clarion  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Clarion,  and  on  the 
Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  at  the  terminus  of  the  Foxburg, 
St.  Petersburg  &  Clarion  Railroad,  47  miles  S.  of  Oil  City. 
By  rail  it  is  85  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a 
church,  a  bank,  and  manufactures  of  tools  for  oil-wells. 
Petroleum  is  found  here.     Pop.  about  750. 

Fox  Channel,  the  N.  portion  of  Hudson's  Bay. 

Fox  Chase,  a  post-office  and  station  on  the  Philadel- 
phia, Newtown  <fc  New  York  Railroad,  12  miles  N.  by  E. 
of  West  Philadelphia.  It  has  a  church  and  manufactures 
of  hoes  and  phosphate.  The  post-office  is  a  branch  of  the 
Philadelphia  Post-Office. 

Fox  Cove,  a  fishing  hamlet  of  Newfoundland,  on  the 
W.  side  of  Placentia  Bay,  2  miles  from  Burin.    Pop.  105. 

Fox  Cove,  a  fishing  hamlet  of  Newfoundland,  44  miles 
from  Burin.     Pop.  40, 

Fox  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  Ala. 

Fox  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo.,  4  miles 
N.  of  Gleneoc  Station.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  store. 

Fox  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co..  Neb. 

Fox'crofl,  a  post-village  of  Piscataquis  co.,  Me.,  in 
Foxcroft  township,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Piscataquis  River, 
nearly  opposite  Dover,  and  on  the  Bangor  <fe  Piscataquis 
Railroad,  53  miles  N.W.  of  Bangor.  It  has  4  churches,  an 
academy,  a  money-order  post-office,  2  organ-factories,  a 
flour-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  a  foundry,  a  sash-  and  blind- 
factory,  *c.     Pop.  about  800;  of  township  (1890),  1726. 

Fox  Ilar'bor,  a  post-village  in  Cumberland  co..  Nova 
Seotiii.on  Northumberland  Strait,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Wall.ace. 

Fox  Harbor,  a  small  fishing  settlement  on  the  E.  side 
of  Placentia  Bay,  Newfoundland,  9  miles  from  Placentia. 

Fox  IIol'low,  a  station  in  Shandaken  township,  Ulster 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Ulster  &  Delaware  Railroad,  32  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Rondout. 

Fox  Island,  a  small  island  in  Bay  of  Despair,  New- 
foundland, 17  miles  from  Harbor  Briton. 

Fox  Island,  a  small  island  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Law- 
rence, near  the  N.E.  extremity  of  the  Saguenay  coast. 

Fox  Island,  in  Lake  Michigan,  belongs  to  the  town- 
ship of  Chandler,  Manitou  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  44. 

Fox  Island  Harbor,  a  small  fishing  settlement  in  the 
district  of  Burgoo  and  La  Poile,  Newfoundland,  14  miles 
from  Burgeo.     Pop.  67. 

Fox  Islands,  Pacific  Ocean.     See  Aleutiatt  Islands. 

Fox  Lake,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Lake  co.,  111., 
about  48  miles  N.N.W.  of  Chicago. 

Fox  Lake,  a  township  of  Martin  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  142. 

Fox  Lake,  a  post-village  in  Fox  Lake  township.  Dodge 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  a  lake  of  the  same  name,  about  26  miles  S.W. 
of  Fond  dti  I,ao,  and  10  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Beaver  Dam. 
It  is  2  miles  N.  of  the  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  with 
which  it  is  connected  by  the  Fox  Lake  Horse  Railroad  at 
Fox  Lake  Junction,  which  is  2  miles  S.  of  the  village  and 
69  miles  N.W.  of  Milwaukee.  It  contains  6  churches,  a 
national  bank,  the  Wisconsin  Female  College,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  carriage-factory,  and  a  flouring-mill.  It  was  for- 
merly called  AVaushara.  Pop.  1012.  The  t<Jwnship  contains 
another  village,  named  Randolph,  and  a  pop.  of  853,  ex- 
clusive if  Fox  Lake  village. 

Fox  Land  is  a  part  of  Baffin  Land,  extending  E.  into 
Fox  Channel.     Lat.  64°  45'  to  67°  N. ;  Ion.  74°  to  78°  W. 

Fox  Land'ing,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co.,  Miss. 

Fox  River  rises  in  Davis  co.,  Iowa,  runs  southeast- 
ward through  Clarke  co..  Mo.,  and  enters  the  Mississippi 
River  2  miles  below  Alexandria.     It  is  100  miles  long. 

Fox  (orPishta'ka)  River  risies  in  Waukesha  co..  Wis., 
runs  southward  through  Racine  and  Kenosha  cos.,  and 
passes  into  Illinois.  It  afterwards  intersects  MoHenry  and 
Kane  cos.,  and  runs  southward  to  the  city  of  Aurora,  below 


which  it  flows  southwestward  until  it  enters  the  Illinoii 
River  at  Ottawa.  Its  length  is  estimated  at  220  miles. 
The  chief  towns  on  its  banks  are  Aurora,  Ottawa,  and  El- 
gin.    It  affords  abundant  water-power. 

Fox  River  (called  Nee'nah  by  the  aborigines)  rises 
in  Wisconsin,  near  the  S.  boundary  of  Green  Lake  co.,  and 
flows  westward  to  Portage  City,  which  is  on  the  Wisconsin 
River.  At  this  place  the  Fox  and  Wisconsin  Rivers  are 
only  li  miles  apart,  and  are  connected  by  a  canal.  The  Fo.x 
River  runs  thence  northward  into  Marquette  co.,  and  expands 
into  Lake  Pacawa,  from  which  it  runs  northeastward  through 
Green  Lake  and  Winnebago  cos.  After  a  very  tortuous 
course  it  enters  Lake  Winnebago  at  Oshkosh,  on  the  W.  side 
of  the  lake.  It  issues  from  the  northern  end  of  the  lake, 
runs  northeastward  through  Brown  co.,  and  enters  Green 
Bay  at  the  city  of  Green  Bay.  Its  length  is  estimated  at 
250  miles.  It  is  an  important  channel  of  trade  and  naviga- 
tion, and  forms  a  part  of  the  navigable  waters  by  which 
steamboats  can  pass  from  the  Mississippi  River  into  Lake 
Michigan.  The  largest  towns  on  this  stream  are  Oshkosh, 
Appleton.  Green  Bay,  and  Portage. 

Fox  River,  Great  and  Little,  two  rivers  of  Canada, 
within  2  miles  of  each  other,  and  both  falling  into  the  Gulf 
of  St.  Lawrence  between  Griffith's  Cove  and  Little  Valine. 

Fox  River,  a  township  of  White  co.,  111.     Pop.  1867. 

Fox  River,  a  township  of  Davis  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  694. 

Fox  River,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Kenosha  co., 
Wis.,  on  Fox  River,  and  on  the  Kenosha  <fe  Rockford  Rail- 
road, 20  miles  W.  of  Kenosha. 

Fox  River,  a  post-village  in  Gasp6  co.,  Quebec,  on  tbe 
shore  of  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  at  the  mouth  of  Great 
Fox  River,  18  miles  N.  of  Gasp6.  It  contains  a  court- 
house, a  churck,  and  several  stores.  Its  inhabitants  are 
engaged  in  the  fisheries.     Pop.  500. 

Fox  River,  a  small  village  in  Cumberland  co..  Nova 
Scoti.a,  3  miles  from  Port  Greville,  and  31  miles  from 
Athol.     Pop.  100. 

Fox  River  Junction,  Illinois.    See  Moktgomert. 

Fox's  Chan'nel,  a  strait  of  British  North  America, 
stretching  N.  from  the  N.W.  extremity  of  Hudson's  Strait, 
having  W.  Melville  Peninsula  and  Southampton  Islands, 
and  E.  an  unexplored  country. 

Fox  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Tenn. 

Fox  Station,  a  post-office  of  Kendall  co..  111.,  on  or 
near  Fox  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy 
Railroad,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Aurora. 

Fox'ton,  a  town  of  New  Zealand,  in  the  S.W.  part  of 
the  Northern  Island,  on  the  river  Manawatu,  4  miles  from 
the  sea.  Foxton  is  the  terminus  of  a  railway,  and  exports 
railway-tics,  piles,  and  other  timber.  Vessels  of  14  feet 
draught  can  cross  the  bar  at  high  tide. 

Fox'town,  a  hamlet  in  the  township  of  East  Haddani, 
Conn.,  8  miles  from  Goodspced's  Landing.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  cigars. 

Fox  Trap,  a  hamlet  in  Newfoundland,  on  the  S.  shore 
of  Conception  Bay,  16  miles  from  St.  John's.     Pop.  210. 

Fox  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Linn  co.,  Oregon,  20  miles 
S.E.  of  Turner  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Fox'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co..  111.,  9  miles 
S.E.  of  Salem. 

Foxville,  a  post-office  of  Frederick  co.,  Md. 

Foyers,  pronounced  and  sometimes  written  Fyers 
(fi'erz),  a  small  river  of  Scotland,  joins  Loch  Ness  8  miles 
N.E.  of  Fort  Augustus.     It  is  noted  for  its  fine  cascades. 

Foyle,  a  river  of  Ireland,  formed  by  the  confluence  of 
the  Finn  and  Mourne  at  Lifford,  flows  N.,  and  expands  into 
Lough  Foyle.     See  Lough  Fovle. 

Foz,  foth  or  fAs,  a  town  of  Spain,  42  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Lugo,  on  a  bay  of  the  Atlantic.     Pop.  1209. 

Foz,  a  village  of  Portugal,  in  Alemtejo,  on  the  Tagus, 
27  miles  N.E.  of  Lisbon.     It  has  iron-works. 

Frack'ville,  a  post-borough  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railroad,  12  miles  N.  of  Potts- 
ville.  It  has  5  churches  and  2  newspaper  offices.  Coal  is 
extensively  mined  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  in  1890,  2620. 

Frades,  fri'dSs,  a  small  island  of  Brazil,  province  of 
Bahia,  in  All  Saints'  Bay,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Bahia. 

Frades,  fri'nSs,  a  village  of  Spain,  22  miles  S.  of  Sal- 
amanca, with  mineral  springs.     Pop.  696. 

Fraga,  fri'gi  fane.  Gallica  Flm-ia  ?),  a  town  of  Spain, 
55  miles  S.E.  of  Huesca,  on  the  Cinca.  Pop.  6695.  Its 
environs  are  noted  for  excellent  figs  and  pomegranates.  Ik 
has  Roman  ruins.  -^ 

Fraget  Schmarkt,  Transylvania.    See  FoGAnAS.   '^ 

Fragneto,  frln-yi'to  (Fragxeto  Movfohte,  frln-yi'- 
to  mon-foR'ti,  and  Fragneto  l'Abate,  friln-yi'to  ll-bi'ti), 
two  contiguous  villages  of  Italy,  province  of  Avellino,  and 


FRA 


'1206 


fBA 


rMiMctivsly  17  and  18  milM  W.N.W.  of  AriMio.  Pop.  of 
th«  f»rui«r,  20U;  of  the  latter,  1934. 

FrMKua,  fii'gwA,  a  river  of  the  republio  of  Colombia, 
riiips  on  the  S.E.  slope  of  the  Sierra  de  Pardaos,  and, 
afUr  a  S.B.  oourM  of  about  180  mile*,  join*  the  Jupura  in 
lat.  0"  50'  N..  Ion.  74°  10'  W. 

Frailest  frl'lAu,  a  town  of  Spain,  prorinoe  of  Jaen,  6 
ailo*  E.  of  Alcal4-la-Real.     Pup.  2346. 

Frailevt  fra'le,  a  township  of  Schuylkill  oo.,  Pa.  Pop. 
1332.     It  includes  Donaldson. 

Fraint  or  Frayn,  frine  (Moravian,  TTraHote,  vri'nov), 
I  town  of  Moravia,  11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Znaim,  on  the 
Fhnya,  with  a  manufactory  of  porcelain.     Pop.  1130. 

Fraipoiitt  fr&'p&N*',  a  riliuge  of  Belgium,  province  and 
4  miles  S.U.  of  Lioge.     Pop.  1200. 

Fraisans,  fri'zAs*',  a  village  of  Franco,  department  of 
Jura,  on  the  Doubs,  14  miles  from  Ddlo.  It  boa  iron-mines 
and  iron -works.     Pop.  2009. 

Fraize^  frdz,  a  village  of  France,  in  Vosges,  32  miles 
E.  of  }<!|>inal.     Pop.  2526. 

Frakno-Allya,  a  town  of  Hungary.    SeeFoRcntEXAu. 

Frame's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Braxton  oo.,  W.  Va. 

Fra'raiiighaiu,  a  post-town  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass., 
on  the  Sudbury  River,  and  on  the  Boston,  Clinton  k  Fitoh- 
burg  Ilailroad,  24  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Boston.  Another  rail- 
road extends  northward  to  Lowell.  It  has  12  churches,  3 
banks,  4  newspaper  offices,  manufactures  of  rubber,  straw 
goods,  boots  and  shoes,  woollen  goods,  bricks,  mattresses, 
leather-goods,  chairs,  paper  boxes,  hubs  and  wheels,  brass 
goods,  harness,  &o.  Framingham  also  contains  a  state 
normal  school,  grist-mills,  saw-mills,  cider-mills,  lumber- 
mills,  <tc.     Total  pop.  in  1890,  9239. 

FramMingham,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  of 
SulTolk,  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ipswich.  It  has  a  line  old 
ohurch  and  the  ruins  of  a  magnificent  castle.     Pop.  2569. 

Framnicrsbach,  fr&ni'm9rs-biK\  a  town  of  Bavaria, 
in  Lower  Franconia,  28  miles  N.W.  of  Wiirzburg.     P.  19.'19. 

Fram'nas,  a  township  of  Stevens  co.,  Minn.     P.  260. 

Frutnp'ton,  a  village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
Thames,  1  milo  from  Dorchester  Station.     Pop.  100. 

FramptoDt  or  Saint  Edouard,  sixt  ed^ward',  a 
post- village  in  Dorchester  co.,  Quebec,  36  miles  S.  of  Quebec. 
It  conUiins  6  stores,  and  grist-,  saw-,  and  carding-mills. 
Pop.  of  parish,  1344. 

F  ram  lira,  fri-moo'rl,  a  village  of  Italy,  5  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Levanto.     Pop.  1065. 

Fram'wellgate,  a  northwestern  suburb  of  the  oity  of 
Durham,  England,  from  which  it  is  divided  by  the  Wear; 
but  it  is  a  part  of  the  city  corporation.     Pop.  4548. 

Franca,  friln'k^,  or  Villa-Franca-do-Impera- 
dor,  vcel'li-frAn'ki-do-eem-pi-ri-dOii',  a  town  of  Brazil, 
State  and  270  miles  N.N.E.  of  Sao  Paulo,  on  the  Mugi. 

Fran9ai8,  Cape.    See  Cape  FRANgAis. 

Franc-Alen,  fr5Nk-S.Muh',  a  district  of  France,  in  the 
ancient  province  of  Auvergne.     Its  capital  was  Sermur. 

Francastel,  fri.v'kis'tdl',  a  village  of  Franco,  in  Oise, 
25  miles  from  Clermont.     Pop.  738. 

Fruncavilla,  frin-ki-viri&,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
,of  Leoce,  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Taranto.  Pop.  15,943.  The 
chief  edifices  arc  a  cathedral,  a  college,  several  hospitals, 
charitable  institutions,  and  convents.  It  has  manufactures 
of  woollen  and  cotton  stufTs,  earthenware,  and  snufiT.  In 
1734  it  suffered  greatly  from  an  earthquake. 

Francavilla,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basilioata,  25  miles 
E.  of  Lagonegro.     Pop.  2959. 

Francavilla,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Chleti,  on 
the  Adriatic,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Chieti.     Pop.  4282. 

Francavilla,  a  town  of  Sicily,  10  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Taormina.     Pop.  3520. 

Francavilla,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Cosenza, 
4i  miles  N.E.  of  Cassano.     Pop.  1387. 

Francavilla,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Oatanzaro, 
13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Nicastro.     Pop.  2415. 

France  (L.  Gal'Ua,  or  Fran'cia;  Fr.  La  France,  11 
frJxss;  It.  Francia,  frdn'chi;  Sp.  Francia,  frin'tho-i; 
Port.  Fran<;a,  fr&n's& ;  Gor.  /VauireicA,  f rink' riK;  Dutch, 
Franhryk,  frink'rik;  Dan.  Frankrige,  frink'ree'gh^h ;  Sw. 
Frnnkrike,  frink'ree'ki),  a  republic,  one  of  the  most  popu- 
lous and  influential  states  in  the  world,  constituting  the  most 
westerly  portion  of  Central  Europe,  lying  between  lat.  42° 
20'  and  51°  5'  N.  and  Ion.  4°  50'  W.  and  8°  25'  E. ;  bounded 
K.  by  the  English  Channel,  the  Straits  of  Dover,  and  Bel- 
gium,* W.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean;  S.  by  Spain  and  the 
Mediterranean ;  E.  by  Italy,  Switzerland,  and  the  Germ.an 
Empire;  and  N.E.  by  German  Lorraine,  Luxemburg,  and 
Belgium.  The  salient  points  on  the  map  of  France  are  the 
N.,  the  W.,  tbo  £.,  the  S.W.,  and  the  S.E.  extremities.    By 


connecting  these  points  by  straight  linos,  a  pentagon  U 
formed  including  the  whole  of  the  French  territory.  The 
coast-line  of  France,  without  allowing  for  minor  indenta- 
tions, meaaures  1320  miles;  the  continental  boundary-line, 
962 ;  the  whole  perimeter  being  thus  2282  miles.  The  total 
area  of  France  is  207,107  square  miles. 

Phynical  Features. — The  Alps  on  tbo  E.  and  the  Pyrenees 
on  the  S.  connect  France  with  the  most  magnificent  moun- 
tain-systems of  Europe.  Since  the  acquisition  of  Savoy 
and  Nice,  the  French  portion  of  the  Alps  has  a  length  of 
280  miles,  consisting  of  the  Pennine,  Uraian,  Cottian,  and 
Maritime  Alps,  and  comprising  Mt.  Blanc  (15,810  fcot),the 
most  elevated  peak  in  Western  Europe,  Mt.  Olan  (13,810), 
DOmo  du  Gouter  (14,209),  Aiguille  du  G6ant  (13,150),  Mts, 
Thabor,  Iserun,  <bo.  The  chain  of  the  Pyrenees,  separating 
France  from  Spain,  culminates  in  Maladetta,  which  has  its 
highest  peak  in  Spain,  but  Ncthou,  adjoining  it,  having  a 
height  of  11,168  feet,  is  in  France,  and  several  other  sum- 
mits on  the  French  side  reach  10,000  feet.  The  range  next 
in  importance  is  the  C6vennc3.  This  mountain-system, 
whose  length  is  360  miles,  stretches  in  a  general  northerly 
direction  from  Col  do  Nazouze  on  the  Canal  du  Midi  on  the 
S.  to  the  Canal  du  Centre  near  Ch&lons  on  tbo  N.,  the  cul- 
minating points  being  Mont  d'Or  (6188  feet)  and  I'lomb  de 
Cantal  (6093  feet),  "rhe  C6venne8  range  is  continued  north- 
ward, under  the  name  of  COto-d'Or,  to  an  elevated  platc.au 
called  the  Plateau  de  Langres.  The  range  near  the  source 
of  the  Marnc,  composed  of  the  Cevenncs  and  the  COte-d'Or, 
forms  the  watershed  between  the  Atlantic  and  Mediterranean 
slopes.  The  main  chain  of  the  Vosges  runs  also  in  a  north- 
ern direction  along  the  W.  of  the  departments  of  Ilaute- 
Sa6ne  and  Vosges  into  Germany.  The  length  of  the  French 
portion  of  this  line  is  about  95  miles,  and  the  average  height 
does  not  exceed  3000  feet.  The  Jura  range,  running  in  a 
northeasterly  direction,  separates  part  of  Franco  from  Swit- 
zerland, but  belongs  rather  to  the  latter  country  than  to 
France.  It  touches  Franco,  however,  for  102  miles.  The 
mountains  generally  have  a  nucleus  of  granite,  which  forms 
the  prevailing  rock  in  the  Alps,  in  the  Pyrenees,  the  C6- 
venncs,  and  the  elevated  plateau  of  Langres.  In  the  Vosges 
the  granite  is  replaced  by  porphj-ry ;  while  in  the  Jura 
range  limestone  occurs  in  such  enormous  masses  as  to  have 
given  its  name  to  a  peculiar  formation.  The  other  crystal- 
line rocks,  consisting  chiefly  of  trachytes  and  basalts,  have 
received  a  magnificent  development  in  Auvergne,  where  the 
effects  of  volcanic  agency  are  still  obvious.  Mountain  lime- 
stone occurs  in  the  Pyrenees  in  a  form  worthy  of  its  name. 
In  Mont  Perdu,  in  that  range,  it  is  found  at  the  height  of 
10,230  feet.  The  secondary  formation,  commencing  with 
this  limestone  and  continuing  in  an  ascending  scries  up 
to  the  chalk,  is  largely  developed  in  France,  and  furnishes 
a  considerable  number  of  coal  and  mineral  fields.  The  ter- 
tiary formation  occurs  mainly  in  two  great  divisions,  the 
more  extensively  developed  division  commencing  at  the 
base  of  the  Pyrenees  and  occupying  a  large  portion  of  tho 
basins  of  the  Garonne  and  Adour.  Tho  lesser  takes  tho 
name  of  the  Paris  basin,  and  occupies  a  large  extent  round 
Paris,  stretching  S.  into  the  valley  of  the  Loire. 

Climate. — Taken  on  the  whole,  the  climate  of  France  is 
one  of  the  finest  in  Europe,  though,  from  the  extent  of  the 
country  and  the  diversity  of  conditions  in  different  locali- 
ties, considerable  variations  occur.  Thus,  the  climate  of  the 
northeast  is  continental,  while  that  of  the  northwest  is 
oceanic,  resembling  the  climate  of  Britain.  The  Mediter- 
ranean districts,  again,  are  affected  by  the  burning  winds 
of  Africa,  the  mistral  often  proving  very  destructive  to 
vegetation  around  the  mouths  of  the  Rhone  and  Var.  S. 
of  lat.  46°  there  are  about  134  rainy  days  in  thij  year;  N. 
of  this  parallel,  120.  At  Toulon  the  mean  annual  tempera- 
ture is  62°  Fahr.;  at  Marseilles,  69.5° ;  at  Bordeaux,  56°  ; 
at  Nantes,  55,2°;  at  Paris,  61.2°;  at  Dunkirk,  50.5°. 

A  popular  climatic  division  of  France  is  into  districts  in 
accordance  with  the  prevailing  vegetable  product  of  each. 
Thus,  the  districts  bordering  the  Mediterranean  have  been 
called  the  olive- region.  The  second,  whose  northern  limit 
is  a  line  drawn  in  an  E.N.E.  direction  from  the  department 
of  Girondo  to  Lower  Alsace,  bos  maize  as  its  character- 
istic product.  Tho  third  reaches  to  a  line  drawn  from  the 
mouth  of  the  Loire  to  the  town  of  M6zi6res  in  Ardennes,  and 
is  the  extreme  northern  limit  of  the  profitable  cultivation 
of  tho  vine.  All  beyond  this  constitutes  the  fourth  region, 
of  which  wheat  may  bo  regarded  as  tho  staple. 

Natural  and  artificial  forests  cover  one-seventh  of  France, 
the  principal  localities  being  the  Ardennes,  the  Vosges,  tho 
Plateau  de  Langres,  the  Jura  range,  and  the  Cfivcnnes. 
Along  the  Bay  of  IBisoay  a  forest  of  sea-pine  has  been 
formmi,  100  miles  long  by  7  broad.    The  oak,  elm,  and  pine 


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are  the  prevailing  natural  trees.  Another  tree,  perhaps  of 
more  importance  than  any  other,  on  account  of  the  great 
national  industry  with  which  it  is  associated,  is  the  silk- 
mulberry.  The  olive  is  a  southern  product,  as  well  as  the 
orange,  lemon,  pistachio,  and  caper.  The  apple,  pear,  and 
plum  are  the  leading  fruit  trees  N.  of  the  vine  region. 
They  flourish  especially  in  Normandy.  Another  seventh 
of  France  is  either  absolutely  waste  or  so  rugged,  moorish, 
Bandy,  or  marshy  as  to  be  classed  with  waste  lands.  The 
remaining  five-sevenths  comprise  the  cultivated  ground. 
Of  this  one-half  is  under  the  plough,  one-eleventh  in  per- 
manent meadow,  and  one-twenty-fifth  in  vineyard. 

Owing  to  the  excessive  subdivision  of  the  soil,  in  accord- 
ance with  the  French  law  of  succession,  which  enacts  that 
on  the  death  of  the  father  all  the  children  shall  inherit 
equally,  French  farms,  according  to  Balbi,  do  not  average 
more  than  five  acres  of  arable  land  each.  Although,  in 
consequence  of  comparative  want  of  capital,  French  modes 
of  husbandry  are  antiquated  as  compared  with  those  of 
England,  Belgium,  and  America,  yet  the  aggregate  of  the 
crops  raised  is  immense,  and  sufficient  on  the  average  of 
years  for  the  supply  of  her  own  people.  The  cereal  crop  is 
by  far  the  most  important.  Potatoes  are  largely  cultivated, 
as  also  beets  for  sugar.  Hemp,  rape,  madder,  saflTron,  hops, 
and  tobacco  are  also  among  the  products.  But  in  the  grape 
district  the  most  important  industry  is  the  cultivation  of 
the  vine.  In  this  department  of  husbandry  France  is  un- 
surpassed, the  various  high-class  wines  she  produces,  under 
the  names  of  Champagne,  Burgundy,  Bordeaux,  Ac.,  having 
the  very  highest  repute.  The  northern  part  of  France  pro- 
duces excellent  cider  and  perry. 

Considerable  attention  has  been  paid  of  late  to  improving 
the  breed  of  horses,  especially  for  military  purposes,  oxen 
being  principally  employed  in  agriculture.  The  breeds  of 
oxen  are  generally  inferior  as  compared  with  those  of 
Britain.  The  rearing  of  sheep  receives  a  good  deal  of  atten- 
tion, fully  as  much,  however,  for  the  sake  of  the  fleece  as 
of  the  mutton.  The  value  of  the  annual  production  of  eggs 
and  poultry  amounts  to  $20,000,000,  and  of  this  28  per  cent. 
is  for  export. 

Mines. — There  are  coal-fields  in  33  departments,  but  the 
proportion  they  bear  to  the  whole  surface  of  the  country  is  not 
more  than  one-tenth  of  that  borne  by  the  coal-fields  of  Great 
Britain  to  the  area  of  that  country.  The  most  important 
fields  are  those  of  Valenciennes,  in  the  department  of  the 
Nord,  and  Saint-Etienne,  in  that  of  the  Loire.  To  the 
latter,  Lyons  is  indebted  for  much  of  its  prosperity.  The  out- 
put is  insufficient  for  home  consumption,  so  that  a  large  import 
takes  place  every  year  from  England  and  Belgium.  Iron  is 
derived  from  most  of  the  coal-fields,  and  from  beds  in  the 
departments  of  Ardennes,  Moselle,  Ilaute-Marne,  Haute- 
Saone,  Nievre,  Cher,  &c. ;  also  from  seams  in  the  mountain- 
limestone  of  Jura,  and  from  the  crystalline  rocks  of  the 
Alps,  Pyrenees,  and  Vosges.  The  number  of  mines  worked 
is  about  2000,  and  the  quantity  of  iron  produced  exceeds 
1,000,000  tons.  Few  countries  are  so  rich  in  lead  as  France. 
Manganese  is  mined  at  Romanfiche,  Sa6ne-et-Loire,  tin  in 
the  northwestern  districts,  and  copper  in  the  Alps  and  Cor- 
sica. Iron  pyrites  are  largely  worked  for  sulphuric  acid  in 
the  eastern  and  southeastern  departments.  France  abounds 
in  marbles  and  sandstone  fit  for  building-purposes,  and 
numerous  quarries  are  worked  all  over  the  country.  A  fine 
lithographic  stone  is  found  in  the  department  of  Gard.  Ex- 
cellent millstones  are  obtained  in  several  localities,  the  best 
being  from  La-Fert6-sous-Jouarre.  The  best  gypsum  is 
from  the  vicinity  of  Paris,  whence  it  is  named  "plaster  of 
Paris ;"  the  best  cement  from  Vassy,  Pouilly,  Boulogne,  Le 
Teil,  Seilley,  and  Grenoble;  the  finest  potter's  clay  from 
Gien  and  Limoges;  kaolin  is  found  at  Saint-Yrieix,  and 
rook  salt  is  found  especially  near  Nancy,  at  Salins,  and  at 
Lons-le-Saulnier. 

Mdiiu/uctiires. — Owing  to  the  minute  subdivision  of  the 
land,  the  agricultural  population  outnumbers  the  manufac- 
turing in  the  proportion  of  5  to  1,  so  that  France  cannot 
with  propriety  be  called  a  manufacturing  country.  She 
stands  unrivalled,  however,  for  her  silk-manufactures.  The 
chief  seat  of  this  industry  is  Lyons,  with  the  towns  of  the  dis- 
trict around  it,  particularly  Saint-Etienne.  Fine  silks  are  also 
manufactured  at  Tours  and  Paris.  After  silk  follow  cotton, 
manufactured  at  and  near  Rouen,  Saint-Quentin,  Troyes, 
Lille,  &o. ;  woollens,  including  broadcloths,  at  Louviers, 
Elbeuf,  Sedan,  Carcassonne,  Abbeville,  Ac. ;  light  woollen 
stuffs,  at  Rheims,  Amiens,  and  Beauvais ;  tapestry,  at  Paris 
and  Beauvais  ;  carpets,  at  Paris,  Aubusson,  <fcc. ;  linens,  fine 
muslin,  gauze,  and  lace,  at  Cambrai,  Valenciennes,  Saint- 
Quentin,  Alenfon,  Caen,  <fcc. ;  porcelain  and  glass,  at  S6vrcs, 
Paris,  Limoges,  and  Bajeux.  Other  manufaotares  are 
77 


beet-root  sugar,  leather,  paper,  hats,  hosiery,  iron  and  steel, 
brass-  and  zinc-wares,  plate-  and  flint-glass,  Ac.  The 
French  especially  excel  in  the  manufacture  of  articles  calling 
for  taste,  ingenuity,  and  delicate  manipulation.  Many  in- 
dustries of  this  description  have  their  chief  seat  in  the 
capital.  Among  others  may  be  noted  Gobelins  tapestry, 
costly  shawls,  articles  of  virtil,  jewelry,  clocks,  watches, 
philosophical  and  surgical  instruments,  carriages,  works  in 
ivory,  books,  types,  engravings,  Ac.  Besides  what  is  used 
for  home  consumption,  France  exports  wine  to  the  annual 
value  of  $46,000,000,  and  brandy,  manufactured  chiefly  in 
the  department  of  Charente,  especially  at  Cognac,  and  at 
Nantes,  to  the  value  of  $10,000,000. 

The  principal  articles  of  import  are  metals  (precious  and 
common),  cotton  and  woollen  fabrics,  raw  silk  and  cotton, 
wool,  flax,  hemp,  jute,  hides,  sugar,  coffee,  tobacco,  cacao, 
rice,  vanilla,  indigo,  timber,  Ac.  Among  her  chief  exports 
are  wine,  brandy,  silk  goods,  watches,  clocks,  perfumery, 
madder,  chemical  products,  cotton  and  woollen  fabrics,  toys, 
gloves,  lace,  artificial  flowers,  tools,  paper,  musical,  surgical, 
and  philosophical  instruments,  leather,  fruit,  agricultural 
products,  as  butter,  eggs,  and  poultry,  potatoes,  cereals, 
Ac.  The  foreign  commerce  of  France  is  chiefly  with  Great 
Britain,  Belgium,  Germany,  and  Italy, — Great  Britain 
ranking  far  above  any  other  country,  the  exports  to  it  being 
more  than  double  in  value  of  those  to  Belgium,  the  next 
export-market  in  order  of  importance.  The  great  empo- 
riums of  trade  are  Paris,  Lyons,  Saint-Etienne,  Rouen, 
Lille,  Rheims,  Ntmes,  Toulouse,  Marseilles,  Saint-Quentin, 
Orleans,  Avignon,  Montpellier,  Bordeaux,  Havre,  Ac. 

The  merchant  navy  consisted  in  1884  of  15,222  vessels, 
with  a  tonnage  of  1,003,679.  Of  these  1430  vessels  were 
engaged  in  foreign  commerce,  9966  in  coast-fishing,  and 
2236  in  the  coast  trade. 

The  railway  system  of  France  dates  from  the  year  1840. 
On  the  1st  of  January,  1884,  there  were  open  16,858  miles 
of  railway.  These  railways  are  almost  entirely  in  the 
hands  of  six  great  companies,  viz.,  (1)  the  Paris,  Lyons  A 
Mediterranean;  (2)  the  Paris-Orleans;  ^3)  the  Northern; 
(4)  the  Western;  (5)  the  Southern;  (6)  the  Eastern.  On 
the  1st  of  January,  1883,  there  were  46,932  miles  of  lines 
of  telegraphs,  comprising  145,282  miles  of  wire. 

The  canals  of  France  are  numerous,  the  object  being  to 
connect  all  the  great  water-basins  and  thereby  give  a  con- 
tinuous water  communication  through  the  interior  and  from 
sea  to  sea.  Thus,  the  Canal  du  Midi  or  Canal  of  Languedoc, 
starting  from  a  point  in  the  ^Garonne  a  little  below  Tou- 
louse, runs  E.S.E.  into  the  Etang  de.  Thau,  completing  a 
navigable  communication  between  the  Atlantic  and  the 
Mediterranean.  Three  canals,  viz.,  the  Canal  du  Centre,  or 
of  Charolais,  the  Rhone  and  Rhine  Canal,  and  the  Canal  of 
Burgundy,  pierce  the  barriers  which  isolated  the  basins  of 
the  Rhone,  Loire,  Seine,  and  Rhine,  and  give  navigable 
access  from  any  one  of  these  rivers  to  the  other  three.  The 
Canal  of  Saint-Quentin,  the  longest  in  France,  measuring 
230  miles,  unites  Nantes  and  Brest.  France  possesses  canals 
having  an  aggregate  length  of  about  2300  miles.  The  rivers  of 
Franco  are  navigable  for  the  aggregate  length  of  5500  miles : 
thus,  the  Loire  gives  water  communication  through  the  cen- 
tre of  France  to  Roanne,  450  miles  from  its  mouth  ;  the 
Seine  to  Rouen  for  vessels  of  300  tons,  and  for  such  as  draw 
no  more  than  6  feet,  to  Paris,  110  miles  inland;  the  Rhone 
for  good-sized  vessels  to  Lyons,  218  miles  from  Marseilles; 
and  the  Garonne  to  Toulouse,  and  for  lighter  vessels  to 
CazSres,  200  miles  from  its  embouchure. 

Government. — Till  1789,  France  was  a  pure  despotism. 
Since  then  it  has  changed  its  form  of  government  more 
frequently  than  any  other  country  in  the  world,  having 
had  during  this  period  at  least  15  different  constitutions. 
The  present  constitution  bears  date  February  25,  1875.  It 
vests  the  legislature  in  an  assembly  of  two  houses, — the 
Chamber  of  Deputies  and  the  Senate, — and  the  executive 
in  a  president.  The  Chamber  of  Deputies  is  elected  by 
universal  suffrage,  every  arrondissement  sending  one  dep- 
uty, and,  if  its  population  is  over  100,000,  then  an  addi- 
tional deputy  for  each  100,000  or  portion  thereof.  There 
are  in  all  532  members.  The  Senate  has  300  members,  of 
whom  225  are  elected  by  the  departments  of  France  and 
the  colonies  and  75  by  the  Senate.  The  senators  for  the 
departments  are  elected  for  nine  years,  retiring  by  thirds 
every  three  years,  while  those  elected  by  the  Senate  sit  for 
life.  The  Senate  has  conjointly  with  the  Chamber  of  Dep- 
uties the  right  of  initiating  and  framing  laws,  but  financial 
measures  must  be  first  presented  to  and  voted  by  the  Cham- 
ber of  Deputies.  Both  houses  assemble  yearly  on  the 
second  Tuesday  of  January,  and  remain  in  session  at  least 
five  months.    The  president  of  the  republic  has  the  power 


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pt  oonroktng  •xtfAordinary  meeting*  of  the  ohambere. 
I>eputiee  are  ohoeen  for  a  term  of  four  yeara. 

The  president  of  the  republio  is  elected  by  a  majority  of 
votes  by  the  Senate  ond  Chamber  of  Do))utie8  united  in 
Nutionnl  Assembly.  Ho  is  noiuinnto<l  fur  sevrn  yoam,  has 
the  initiiiti  ve  of  legislation  ounourrently  with  the  two  cham- 
bers, promul){ato8  laws  enacted  by  them,  has  the  right  of 
pardon,  dinpuoos  of  the  military  force,  appoints  to  all  civil 
and  military  posts,  including  the  heivds  of  tho  ministerial 
dvpnrtinont:*,  and  may,  with  the  absent  of  the  Senate,  dis- 
solve tho  Chamber  of  Do|>utie8  before  the  legal  expiry  of 
its  term.  He  is  responsible  only  in  case  of  high  treason. 
His  salary  is  CUO,OUU  franos,  or  $120,000,  a  year,  with  an 
additional  allowance  of  $60,000  for  household  expenses. 

All  religions  are  equal  by  law,  but  only  tho  Roman 
Catholics,  i'^otc^tllnts,  iind  Jews  (and  in  Al};eria  the  Mo- 
hammedans) have  state  allownnces.  At  the  census  of 
1S72  tho  returns  gave  98.02  per  cent,  of  the  whole  people 
as  Roman  Catholics,  and  1.60  per  cent,  as  Protestants.  It  is 
to  he  noted,  however,  that  all  who  did  not  declare  them- 
selves members  of  another  church  weru  reckoned  as  Cath- 
olics. There  are  86  prelates  in  the  Catholic  church,  namely, 
17  archbishops  and  69  bishops.  The  Archbishop  of  Paris 
receives  50,000  francs  a  year,  tho  other  archbishops  20,000, 
and  tho  bishops  15,000  francs.  Five  French  prelates  hold 
the  rank  of  cardinals,  to  which  they  were  nominated  by 
the  Pope.  The  Protestants  are  divided  into  two  main 
branches,  viz.,  the  Protestants  of  the  Augsburg  Confession, 
or  Lutherans,  numbering  86,117,  and  Protestants  of  the 
Reformed  Church,  or  Calvinists,  numbering  467,531.  The 
Lutherans  aro  governed  by  a  general  consistory,  the  Calvin- 
ists by  a  council  of  administration,  which  meets  at  Paris. 
They  have  a  faculty  of  theology  at  Montauban.  The  Jews 
have  a  central  consistory  at  Paris,  and  synagogues  at  Paris 
and  the  other  large  cities. 

Education. — As  a  rule,  education  is  most  advanced  in  the 
northoastern  departments,  and  least  in  the  southwestern. 
Since  tho  institution  of  the  republic,  great  attention  has 
been  given  by  both  houses  of  the  legislature  to  this  subject. 
Instruction  is  presided  over  by  a  special  ministry.  Nearly 
half  the  expenses  connected  with  it  are  defrayed  by  the 
state,  and  the  remainder  by  the  departments.  Schools  are 
divided  into  three  classes, — ^primary,  secondary,  and  col- 
leges and  universities  devoted  to  the  higher  instruction. 
Primary  education  is  administered  by  the  commune,  each 
commune  of  5U0  souls  being  obliged  to  have  one  school  for 
boys  and  one  for  girls.  Above  the  primary  schools  come 
the  secondary  schools,  in  which  classical  or  industrial  edu- 
cation is  given.  These  comprise  81  lyceums,  maintained 
by  the  state,  situated  generally  in  the  capitals  of  depart- 
ments, 250  communal  colleges,  and  a  large  number  of  pri- 
vate seminaries.  The  classical  schools  give  diplomas  as 
hachelier-is-lettrea  and  backelier-^t-sciencea.  In  order  to 
educate  professors,  the  state  has  established  for  the  classical 
branch  the  high  normal  school,  and  for  tho  industrial 
branch  the  special  normal  school  of  Cluny.  The  higher 
instruction  is  given  by  the  faculUa,  of  which  there  are  15 
for  literature  and  science,  10  for  law,  7  for  theology,  and 
3  for  medicine.  One  of  these /acu2t^«  is  established  in  each 
town  where  there  is  a  court  of  justice,  except  Ajaccio. 
The  facultii  confer  the  degrees  of  bachelier,  UcenciS,  and 
docleur.     The  professors  are  paid  partly  by  the  state  and 

Sartly  by  fees.  The  Coll6ge  de  France  and  the  Museum  of 
'atural  Science,  both  in  Paris,  represent  the  independent 
studies;  the  Conservatoire  des  Arts  et  Metiers  (for  arts  and 
trades),  in  Paris,  is  a  sort  of  industrial  university.  Besides 
these  may  bo  mentioned,  in  Paris,  the  Polytechnic  School 
for  officers  and  state  engineers,  the  Central  School  of  Arts 
and  Manufactures  for  civil  engineers,  the  School  of  Fine 
Arts  for  painters,  sculptors,  and  architects,  the  Conservatoire 
for  musicians  and  actors,  and  the  school  for  living  Oriental 
languages.  Outside  of  Paris  there  are  three  schools  of  the 
arts  and  trades,  several  schools  of  fine  arts,  3  schools  of 
agriculture,  1  of  horticulture,  3  for  veterinary  surgeons,  1 
at  Saint-Etienne  for  miners,  and  1  for  mining  engineers. 
There  are  Catholic  universities  at  Paris,  Angers,  Lille,  and 
Toulouse. 

Communal  and  Departmental  Administration. — Tho  com- 
mune represents  tho  elementary  territorial  unit.  It  com- 
prises either  a  town  or  one  or  more  villages,  with  the  ad- 
jacent rural  districts,  and  is  governed  by  a  maire,  deputies, 
and  municipal  council.  The  maire  is  appointed  by  gov- 
ernment, and  is  assisted  by  deputies  similarly  appointed. 
Tho  council  is  elected  by  the  inhabitants.  Paris  and  Lyons 
have  special  municipal  administrations. 

Tho  canton  consists  in  most  cases  of  ten  communes.  It 
U  not  so  much  an  administrative  as  a  judiciary  division. 


Recruiting  for  the  army  takes  place  at  the  chief  town  of  the 
canton.  The  arrondissemcnt  is  usually  composetl  of  eight 
cantons.  It  is  governed  by  a  sub-prefect,  apjminted  by  the 
president  of  tho  republic.  He  is  assisted  by  a  council  con- 
sisting of  as  many  members  as  there  are  cantons  in  the 
arrondissemcnt.  The  department  comprises  generally  four 
arrondissements.  It  is  governed  by  a  prefect,  who  is  ap- 
pointed by  the  president  on  the  nomination  of  the  minister 
of  the  interior,  and  is  assisted  by  a  council  composed  of  as 
many  members  as  there  are  cantons. 

Army  and  Navy. — The  French  army  is  now  organized  on 
the  basis  of  a  law  for  recruitment  enacted  by  the  National 
Assembly  in  1872  and  supplemented  by  laws  passed  in 
1873-75.  Personal  military  service  is  in  virtue  of  these 
obligatory  on  every  Frenchman,  this  liability  continuing 
from  his  twentieth  to  his  fortieth  year.  His  terms  of  ser- 
vice aro  distributed  as  follows,  viz.,  (1)  five  years  in  the 
active  army;  (2)  four  years  in  the  reserve  of  the  active 
army;  (3)  five  years  in  the  territorial  army;  (4)  six  years 
in  the  reserve  of  the  territorial  army.  Resides  for  physical 
unfitness,  partial  or  complete  exemption  is  given  for  family 
and  professional  reasons :  thus,  the  oldest  of  a  family  of  or- 
phans, the  oldest  son  or  grandson  of  a  widow,  teachers, 
artists  who  have  gained  the  grand  prize,  and  ecclesiastics 
aro  exempt.  Young  men  engaged  in  studies  or  avocations 
which  would  suffer  by  interruption  may  be  exempted  par- 
tially or  completely  on  tho  recommendation  of  their  muni- 
cipal council.  Young  men  who  can  prove  a  certain  amount 
of  education  by  passing  an  examination  are  permitted  to 
enlist  as  volunteers  for  one  year  only,  provided  they  feed 
and  clothe  themselves  at  their  own  expense.  All  soldiers  in 
the  active  army  who  have  learned  their  duties,  and  who  can 
read  and  write,  may  at  the  end  of  a  year's  service  bo  sent 
oflF  on  furlough  for  an  indefinite  time. 

The  active  army  is  thus  composed  of  all  the  young  men 
from  twenty  to  twenty-nine  who  have  not  been  exemj)tcd, 
the  reserve  of  all  the  men  from  twenty-nine  to  forty. 
Neither  the  active  army  nor  its  reserve  are  in  any  way 
localized,  but  are  drawn  from  and  distributed  over  the  whole 
of  France.  On  the  other  hand,  the  territorial  army  and  its 
reserve  are  spread  over  fixed  districts  determined  from  time 
to  time  by  administrative  enactment. 

The  total  eficctive  force  of  the  active  army  in  1885  was 
524,797  men  and  130,797  horses,  including  the  Gendarmerie 
and  the  Qarde  RSpublicaine,  amounting  to  26,865  men  and 
13,152  horses.  For  recruiting  the  army  in  1884  it  was  esti- 
mated that  161,531  conscripts  would  be  required.  Of  these 
101,694  were  to  be  assigned  to  the  infantry,  17,303  to  the 
cavalry,  28,558  to  the  artillery,  3091  to  the  engineers,  5586  to 
tho  military  train,  and  5299  to  the  administrative  branches. 
All  soldiers  who  have  learned  their  duties,  and  who  can  read 
and  write,  may  be  given  an  indefinite  furlough. 

The  wnole  of  Franco  is  divided  into  eighteen  military 
regions,  each  under  a  general  of  division  and  subdivided 
into  districts  corresponding  to  the  departments,  each  under 
a  general  of  brigade.  The  fortified  places  are  specially  ad- 
ministered by  a  service  des  fortifications,  with  chefs-lieu* 
or  headquarters  at  Arras,  Bayonne,  Besanfon,  Bourges, 
Brest,  Cherbourg,  Grenoble,  Langres,  Rochelle,  Havre,  Lille, 
Lyons,  Marseilles,  Montpellier,  Nantes,  Perpignan,  Saint- 
Omer,  Toulon,  and  Toulouse.  To  replace  Metz  and  Stras- 
burg,  lost  to  Germany,  a  decree  of  government  of  1872  cre- 
ated military  establishments  at  Avignon,  Perpignan,  Quibe- 
ron,  and  Rouen. 

The  war  navy  of  France  consists  of  about  600  vessels, 
mostly  steamers,  with  an  aggregate  of  nearly  3000  guns; 
and  of  the  ships  over  50  are  iron-clad. 

The  navy  is  manned  partly  by  conscription  and  partly  by 
voluntary  enlistment.  The  time  of  service  is  the  same  as 
in  the  army.  By  the  law  of  1872  it  is  enacted  that  a  certain 
number  of  young  men  liable  to  service  in  the  active  army 
may  select  the  navy  instead. 

Finance. — In  1875  the  total  public  debt  of  France,  con- 
solidated and  redeemable,  amounted  to  $4,687,921,400,  the 
interest  or  rente  on  which  was  $149,680,980.  In  the  year 
1889  this  debt  had  been  reduced  to  21,251,000,000  francs 
(about  §4,250,200,000). 

Colonies  and  Ijependencies. — The  island  of  Corsica  is 
treated  as  an  integral  part  of  France.  Algeria  is  the  most 
important  colonial  possession.  Besides  Algeria,  she  pos- 
sesses in  Africa  Senegal,  some  small  establishments  near  the 
Gold  Coast,  Gaboon,  the  island  of  Mayotte  and  its  depend- 
encies, Nossi  Be,  Sainte-Marie-de-Madagascar,  and  Re- 
union ;  in  Asia,  the  cities  of  Mahe,  Carrical,  Pondicherry, 
Yanaon,  and  Chandernagore  in  India,  and,  in  Indo-China, 
French  Cochin  China  or  Basse  Cochin-Chine;  in  Oceanioa, 
New  Caledonia,  the  Loyalty  Isles,  Clipperton  Island,  and 


FRA 


1211 


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the  Marquesas,  besides  the  Society,  P«arl,  and  Gambier 
Islands  (under  French  protection);  in  South  America, 
French  Guiana;  in  the  West  Indies,  Martinique,  Guade- 
loupe, St.  Bartholomew,  and  several  minor  islands;  and  in 
North  America,  the  islands  of  St.  Pierre  and  Miquolon,  to 
the  S.  of  Newfoundland.  The  kingdom  of  Cambodia  is 
under  French  control,  and  the  existence  of  a  French  pro- 
tectorate over  Annam  has  been  announced.  Exclusive  of 
Algeria,  Cambodia,  and  the  protectorates,  the  colonies  have 
a  population  of  about  3,000,000. 

Population. — According  to  the  census  of  1891,  the  popu- 
lation of  France  was  38,343,192,  the  number  present  at  the 
enumeration  being  38,095,156.  In  1872  the  population  was 
36,102,921,  showing  an  increase  between  the  years  1872 
and  1891  of  2,240,271.  Part  of  this  increase  is  due  to  the 
immigration  of  persons  from  the  portions  of  Alsace  and 
Lorraine  annexed  by  Germany.  The  natural  rate  of  in- 
crease of  the  population  in  France  is  lower  than  that  of 
any  other  nation  in  Western  Europe.  Of  the  whole  popu- 
lation the  rural  portion  constitutes  about  70  per  cent,  and 
the  urban  30  per  cent.  The  population  of  the  different 
departments  was,  in  1891,  as  follows: 


Ain 356,907 

Aisne 645,493 

Allier 424,382 

Alpes-Maritimes 258,571 

Ardeche 371,269 

Ardennes 324,923 

Ariege 227,491 

Aube 255,648 

Aude 317,372 

Aveyron 400,467 

Hasses-Alpes 124,286 

Basses- Pyrenees 425,027 

Bouches-du-Khone 630,622 

Calvados 428,945 

Cantal 239,601 

Chareiite 360,259 

Charente-Inferieure....  466,202 

Cher 369,276 

Correze 328,119 

Corsica 288,596 

Oote-d'Or 376,866 

cotes  du-Nord 618,652 

Creuse 284,660 

Deux-Sfevres 364,282 

Dordogne 478,471 

Doubs 303,081 

Drome 306,419 

Eure 349,471 

Kure-et-Loir 284,683 

Finistere 727,012 

Card 419,388 

GtTs 261,084 

Gironde 793,528 

llaute-Garonue 472,383 

Haiite-Loire 316,735 

Hiiute-Marue 243,533 

Haute-Saone 280,856 

Ilaute-Savoie ;  268,267 

Haute-Vienne 372,878 

Hautes-Alpes 115,522 

Hantes-I'vrenees 2.i5,861 

Haiite-Rliiu  (Belfort)..  79,758 

Herault 461 ,651 

lUe-et-Vllaine 6J6,875 

Jndre 292,808 


Indre-et-Loire 337,298 

Is6re.  ; 672,145 

Jura 273,028 

Laiides 297,842 

Loir-et-Cher 280,358 

Loire 616,227 

Luire-Inferieure 645,203 

Loiret .377,718 

Lot 253,885 

Lotet-Garonne 295,360 

Lozfere 1:15,5j7 

Maiiie-et-Loire 618.589 

Manche 613,815 

Marne 434,692 

MHyenne 332,387 

MeHrthe-et-Moselle 444,150 

Meuse 292,253 

Morbihau 544,470 

Nlfevre 343,581 

Nord 1,736,341 

Oise 401,835 

Orne - 3^,387 

Pas-de-Calais 874,364 

Puy-de  Dome 564,266 

Pyrenees-Orientales....  210,125 

Rhone 806,737 

Saflne-et- Loire 619,523 

Sarthe 429,737 

Savoy 203,297 

Seine 3,141,595 

Seiiie-Inferieure 839,876 

Seiiie-ct-Marue 350,709 

Seine-et-Oise 628,590 

Somme 546,495 

Tarn 346,739 

Tarn-et-Garonne 200,596 

Var 288,336 

Vaucluse 235,411 

Veudge 442,356 

Vienne 344,356 

Vosgeg 410,196 

Youue 344,688 


Total 38,343,192 


with  a  communal  population  of 


Amiens 83,654 

Toulon „ 77,747 

Brest 75,845 

Limoges 72,697 

Angers 72,009 

Ntmes 71,623 

Montpellier 69,258 

Kenuee 09,232 

Tourcoing 65,477 

Dijon 65,428 

Orleans 63,7a5 

Grenoble 00,439 

Tours 60,335 


There  were  27  towns 
more  than  60,000 : 

Paris 2,447,957 

Lyons 416,029 

Marseilles 403,749 

Bordeaux 252,415 

Lille 201,211 

Toulouse 149,791 

St.  Ktienne 133,443 

Nantes 122,750 

Havre 116,369 

Koubaix 114,917 

Kouen 112,352 

Keiins 104,186 

Nice 88,273 

Nancy 87,110 

Hittory. — The  earliest  account  tve  have  of  France  is  that 
left  us  by  Caesar,  who  speaks  of  it  under  its  Latinized  name 
of  Gallia.  He  found  it  inhabited  by  three  races — the 
Aquitanians  in  the  southwest,  the  Celts  in  the  west  and  cen- 
tre, and  the  Belgians  in  the  north  and  northeast.  There 
■were,  besides,  some  tribes  of  Germans,  Ligurians,  and 
Greeks.  Caesar  reduced  the  greater  part  of  the  country 
under  the  sway  of  Rome,  and  it  continued  tributary  till 
the  Koman  empire  began  to  fall  to  pieces,  when  hordes  from 
the  north  and  east  began  to  pour  into  it.  In  the  fifth  cen- 
tury it  fell  completely  into  the  power  of  the  Visigoths,  Bur- 
gundians,  and  Franks, — the  first  occupying  the  south,  the 


Burgundians  the  east,  and  the  Franks  the  north.  Clevis, 
the  king  or  chief  of  the  Franks,  and  grandson  of  Merovaous, 
defeated  the  Visigoths  in  607,  and  took  possession  of  their 
country  as  far  south  as  the  Pyrenees,  founding  the  Mero- 
vingian dynasty.  Persuaded  by  his  wife,  Clotilda,  he  em- 
braced Christianity,  and  so  reconciled  the  Gallo-Komanio 
element  of  the  people  to  his  rule.  At  his  death,  in  accord- 
ance with  the  custom  common  to  all  Teutonic  nations,  his 
kingdom  was  divided  among  his  sons.  Civil  strife  soon 
broke  out,  and,  his  successors  being  too  weak  to  rule  with 
effect  in  troublous  times,  power  passed  from  them  into  the 
hands  of  the  mayors  of  their  palace.  Ultimately,  Pepin 
le  Bref,  mayor  to  Childeric  III.,  ascended  the  throne  him- 
self, and  thus  founded  the  Carlovingian  dynasty.  His  son, 
the  famous  Charlemagne,  extended  the  bounds  of  the  em- 
pire until  it  included  all  of  Italy,  except  the  south,  and  tho 
greater  part  of  Germany.  By  him  the  feudal  system  was 
introduced,  the  Catholic  religion  firmly  fixed,  and  civil 
order  established.  French  civilization  may  be  said  to  date 
from  his  reign.  With  him,  however,  the  greatness  of  the 
Carlovingian  dynasty  passed  away,  and  his  vast  dominions 
became  a  prey  to  discord.  Intestine  wars  desolated  the 
land,  and  foreign  assailants  threatened  it  on  every  side. 
Meanwhile,  as  the  influence  of  tho  central  authority  grew 
less,  that  of  the  nobles  became  aggrandized,  so  that  the 
power  of  some  of  the  vassals  surpassed  that  of  the  king. 
Finally,  on  the  death  of  Louis  V.,  in  987,  tho  vassals,  pass- 
ing by  the  legal  heir,  chose  Hugh  Capet,  Count  of  Paris  and 
Duke  of  France,  to  be  their  king,  and  thus  founded  tho 
long-continuing  Capetian  dynasty.  The  most  distinguished 
name  in  the  direct  line  of  Capetian  kings  is  that  of  St. 
Louis,  whose  reign  of  44  years,  from  1226  to  1270,  is  among 
the  most  illustrious  in  French  annals.  Charles  IV.  was 
succeeded,  in  1328,  by  Philip  VI.,  grandson  of  Philip  the 
Bold,  by  his  third  son,  Charles  of  Valois.  He  was  thus  out 
of  the  direct  line  of  the  Capetian  kings,  and  hence  the 
dynasty  which  he  established  is  known  as  that  of  the  col- 
lateral branch  of  Valois.  It  was  continued  directly  till 
1498,  and  then  successively  in  the  collateral  branches  Valois- 
Orl6ans,  Valois-Angoulfime,  and  Valois-Bourbon.  The  last 
commenced,  in  1589,  with  Henry  IV.  During  the  three 
previous  reigns,  Protestantism  had  made  wonderful  progress 
in  France,  and  bade  fair  for  the  ascendant,  when  two 
dreadful  blows  were  struck  at  it, — the  one  by  the  Massacre 
of  St.  Bartholomew,  and  the  other  by  the  act  of  Henry  him- 
self, who  rewarded  tho  fidelity  with  which  the  Protestants 
had  clung  to  him  and  fought  his  battles,  by  publicly  ab- 
juring their  religion.  To  his  honor,  however,  he  not  only 
refused  to  persecute  it,  but  gave  it  complete  toleration,  by 
issuing  the  Edict  of  Nantes.  He  was  succeeded,  first,  by 
his  son,  Louis  XIII.,  and  then  by  his  grandson,  Louis  XIV., 
during  whose  reign  many  great  literary  names  occur;  but 
the  monarch  himself,  when  stripped  of  the  trappings  of  roy- 
alty, which  he  knew  well  how  to  set  off  to  tho  best  advan- 
tage, stands  forth  in  no  honorable  light.  He  recalled  the 
Edict  of  Nantes,  and,  by  the  revocation,  drove  multitudes 
of  his  best  subjects  from  their  homes.  In  the  person  of 
Louis  XVI.  the  crown  passed  into  the  hands  of  a  sovereign 
who,  though  not  distinguished  for  talents,  was  of  unblem- 
ished morals ;  but  the  day  of  retribution  had  arrived,  and 
all  remedies  were  too  late.  The  whole  framework  of  soci- 
ety was  broken  up,  and  the  most  fearful  atrocities  were 
openly  perpetrated,  on  a  scale  of  magnitude  to  which  the 
previous  history  of  the  world  has  no  parallel.  The  reign 
of  terror  was  followed  by  a  military  despotism,  headed  by 
Napoleon,  whose  wonderful  talents  raised  France  to  the 
highest  pinnacle  of  military  fame.  On  his  overthrow  the 
Bourbons  regained  their  throne,  but  soon  showed  that  the 
lessons  of  adversity  had  been  lost  upon  them.  They  were 
again  expelled,  in  1830,  and  Louis  Philippe,  the  head  of  the 
house  of  Orl6ans,  gained  the  crown.  He  abdicated  in  1846, 
and  a  republic  succeeded,  which  was  brought  to  an  end  by 
its  own  president,  Louis  Napoleon  Bonaparte.  December 
2,  1851,  supported  by  tho  army,  ho  dissolved  the  House  of 
Representatives,  and  imprisoned  a  large  number  of  its  mem- 
bers, many  of  whom  he  banished  or  expelled  from  France. 
He  subjected  the  citizens  of  Paris  to  the  fire  of  his  troops, 
destroying  not  only  those  who  attempted  to  resist  his 
usurped  authority,  but  also  a  number  who  were  peaceably 
sitting  in  their  own  homes.  It  is  due,  however,  to  state 
that  the  government  which  Louis  Napoleon  established 
was  administered  with  firmness  and  ability.  In  1870  war 
broke  out  between  France  and  Germany,  in  which  the  Ger- 
mans were  uninterruptedly  successful.  On  the  1st  of  Sep- 
tember, 1870,  the  emperor,  with  all  his  army,  capitulated 
to  the  victors  at  Sedan.  The  war  was  continued  after  thii 
disaster,  and  finally  brought  to  a  close  by  the  exhaustion 


FRA 


1212 


7RA 


«f  Pniie«k  lb*  oloaiag  act  being  th«  sarronder  of  Paris,  on 
thtt  SSth  of  January,  1872.  Tl>«  provino«8  of  Lorraine  and 
Abaoo  wer«  given  boolc  tu  Qerniany,  beiiUea  which  Franco 
agreed  to  pajr  an  indemnity  of  five  milliards  of  francs, 
whioh  she  did  in  a  surprisinKly  short  time.  After  the  close 
%t  the  war,  France  was  ounstituted  a  republic,  and  M.  Thiern 
ehoeen  first  preeident,  Au^iut  31, 1871.  On  the  2Uh  of  Ma;, 
1S73,  be  reeigned,  and  Marshal  MoMahon  was  chosen  to 

•uooeed  bim,liis  term  of  office  being  fixwl  at  7  years. 

Acy.  FRB."«cn  (Fr.  Fuan9AI8,  friN^'sA',  feminine  FRA.N9AISH, 
frA>Vtis':  It.  Frascesco,  frln-ohfls'ko;  Sp.  Fraxcks,  fr&ii- 
tbis';  Uer.  FRA.Nz5!iiscii,  fr&nt-so'cish).  luhab.  FiteNCHMAN 
(Fr.  Fran^ais;  It.  Francese,  fr&n-oh&'8&;  Sp.  Fuances; 
Oor.  Fraxzose,  fr&nt-so'i^h).  Oal'lic  and  Gaul  are  either 
poetical  or  else  used  in  reference  to  ancient  Gallia. 

France,  Isle  of,  ludian  Ocean.    Soo  Mauritius. 

France,  Isle  of,  France.    See  Ile  de  France. 

Frau'ces,  a  bay  in  the  island  of  Santiago,  the  principal 
of  the  Cape  Verd  Islands,  about  3  or  4  miles  W.  of  the  S.E. 
point  of  the  island.  This  bay  has  been  frequently  mistalcen 
tor  Porto  Praya,  which  is  4  or  5  miles  farther  S.W. 

Francescas,  frds^^sfis^kis',  a  town  of  France,  in  Lot- 
et-Qaronne,  6  miles  S.E.  of  N6rac.     Pop.  1112. 

Franceston,  Ontario.    See  IIat. 

Fran'cestown,  a  post-village  of  Ilillsborough  co., 
N.U.,  in  Fruncestown  township,  about  22  miles  S.W.  of 
Concord.  It  contains  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  an 
academy,  and  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  932. 

Fran'cesville,  a  post-village  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &,  Chicago  liuilroad,  39  miles 
N.  of  Lafayette.  It  has  3  churches,  the  Salem  Seminary, 
a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pup.  403. 

Franceza,  frin-^i'si,  a  small  island  of  Brazil,  state 
of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  a  little  S.W.  of  Capo  Frio. 

Francfort,  a  city  of  Germany,     bee  Fravkfort. 

Frauche-Comt6,  fr5.N8h-k6:<»Hi',  an  old  province  in 
the  E.  of  France  (capital,  Besanfon),  now  divided  into  the 
departments  of  Doubs,  llaute-Saono,  and  Jura. 

Franchimont,  fr6>-»'8heo'm&iJ<>',  a  hamlet  of  Belgium, 
10  miles  S.E.  of  Liege.  The  castle,  now  in  ruins,  and  crown- 
ing a  neighboring  height,  alluded  to  in  Scott's  poem  of 
Marmion,  was  a  noted  stronghold  as  early  as  the  twelfth 
century.     Pop.  300. 

Francis'co,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Ala. 

Francisco,  a  post-village  of  Gibson  co.,  Ind.,  about  30 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Evansville.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  about  150. 

Francisco,  or  Francis'coville,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Jackson  00.,  Mich.,  on  the  Michigan  Central  Bailroad,  14 
miles  E.  of  Jackson.     It  has  2  churches. 

Francisco,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stokes  co.,  N.C.,  40  miles 
K .  of  Salem.     It  has  a  tobacco-factory  or  stommery. 

Francisco,  a  post-office  of  Medina  co.,  Tex. 

FranciiiCO,  a  post-office  of  Craig  co.,  Va. 

Fran'cis  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Manitowoc  co.. 
Wis.,  in  Kossuth  township,  on  West  Two  River,  9  miles  N. 
of  Manitowoc.     It  has  I  or  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Francis'  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  8  miles 
from  Horncrstown.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

FrancistOAVn,  Ontario.    See  Exeter. 

Fran'cisville,  a  hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Ga.,  on  Flint 
River,  6  miles  N.B.  of  Reynolds  Station. 

Frnncisville,  a  hamlet  of  Boono  co.,  Ky.,  3  miles 
S.W.  of  Delhi  Stotion,  0.     It  has  a  church. 

Francofonte,  frin-ko-fon't4,  a  town  of  Sicily,  25 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Syracuse.     Pop.  4933. 

Francofurtum  ad  Afccnum.    See  Frankfort. 

Francofurtum  ad  Oderam  (or  Viadum),  an  an- 
cisnt  name  of  Frankfort  on  the  Oder. 

Francoli,  frin-ko-lee',  a  small  river  of  Spain,  in  Cata- 
lonia, after  a  course  of  about  30  miles,  falls  into  the  Medi- 
terranean about  1  mile  S.W.  of  Tarragona. 

Franconia,  fran-ko'no-sj  (Ger.  Franken,  frink'Qn,  or 
Frankenland,  frdnk'^n-lint^  i.e.,  the  "Land  of  the 
Franks"),  an  old  duchy,  afterwards  a  circle  of  the  'Jer- 
manio  Empire,  between  Upper  Saxony,  the  Upper  and 
Lower  Rhine,  Swabia,  Bavaria,  and  Bohemia.  The  chief 
cities  are  Nuremberg,  Wiirzburg,  and  Anspach.  Since  1806 
it  has  been  divided  between  the  grand  duchies  of  Baden 
and  Hesse  and  the  kingdoms  of  Saxony  and  Bavaria.  It 
gives  name  to  three  circles  of  the  kingdom  of  Bavaria.—^ 
Adj.  and  inhab.  Franconian,  fran-ko'ne-an. 

Franco'nia,  a  post-hamlct  of  Pickena  co.,  Ala.,  25 
miles  N.  of  Gainesville.    It  has  a  church. 

Franconia,  or  Fransonia,  a  hamlet  of  Richland 
eo.,  III.,  5  miles  S.  of  Noble  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a 
grist-mill  and  a  saw-milL 


Franconia,  a  -post-bamlet  of  Chisago  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Franconia  township,  and  on  the  St.  Croix  River,  about  36 
miles  N.N.E.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  manufactures  of  lime, 
furniture,  and  wagons.     Pop.  of  the  township,  821. 

Franconia,  a  post-township  of  Grafton  co.,  N.II., 
about  30  miles  N.  of  Plymouth.  The  surface  is  occupied 
by  high  mountains,  among  which  is  Mount  Lafayette.  It 
has  several  boarding-houses  for  summer  boarders.     P.  549. 

Franconia,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
1959.     It  contains  Souderton. 

Franconia,  a  station  in  Fairfax  00.,  Va.,  on  the  Alex- 
andria k  Fredericksburg  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Alexandria. 

Franconia  Mountains,  in  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  are  the 
western  group  of  the  White  Mountains.  They  are  much 
visited  by  tourists,  but  are  generally  of  heights  somewhat 
inferior  to  the  average  found  in  the  White  Mountains  proper. 

Franconville,  fr6N»'k6N»*veel',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Seine-ct-Oi.se,  94  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Paris.     Pop.  1207. 

Fran  eke  r,  frin'^-k^r,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Fricslund,  10  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Leeuwarden.  Pop.  0247. 
It  is  well  built,  clean,  intersected  by  canals,  and  has  an 
athenccum,  Latin  schools,  a  library,  and  a  botanic  garden. 

Frangy,  frfiNo'zheo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute 
Savoie,  31  miles  N.  o£  Chamb^ry.     Pop.  1520. 

Frangy,  a  village  of  France,  in  Sa6ne-et-Loire,  8  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Louhans.     Pop.  1C97. 

Frank,  a  post-office  of  Seneca  co.,  0. 

Franken,  the  German  name  of  Franconia. 

Frankenau,  frlnk'?h-n6w\  or  Frankenhcim, 
fr5,nk'§n-hime\  a  village  of  Bavaria,  in  Middle  Franconia, 
14  miles  W.  of  Anspach. 

Frankenau,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  IIcsse-Nassaa,  30 
miles  S.W.  of  Cassel.     Pop.  1042. 

Frankenbcrg,  frink'^n-bino',  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Hesse-Nassau,  32  miles  S.W.  of  Cassel.  Pop.  2537.  It  has 
manufactories  of  woollen  cloth,  tobacco,  and  paper. 

Frankcnberg,  a  town  of  Saxony,  7  miles  by  rail  N.N.E. 
of  Chemnitz,  on  the  Zschopau,  an  affluent  of  the  Mulde.  It 
is  one  of  the  most  important  manufacturing  towns  in  Saxony, 
and  has  extensive  establishments' for  cotton-  and  linen-weav- 
ing, and  mining,  and  for  the  manufacture  of  machinery, 
leather,  beer,  and  a  great  variety  of  goods.     Pop.  9710. 

Frankenburg,  fr&nk'^n-bSSRQ^  a  town  of  Austria,  25 
miles  W.S.AV.  of  Wels.     Pop,  973. 

Frankcnhausen,  frink'?n-how*z?n,  a  town  of  Ger- 
many, in  Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt,  on  the  Wipper,  27  miles 
N.  of  Erfurt.     There  is  a  salt  spring  in  its  vicinity. 

Frankenland,  the  German  name  of  Franconia. 

Frankenlnst,frank'§n-135st,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saginaw 
CO.,  Mich.,  in  Kochville  township,  about  8  miles  N.  of  Sagi- 
naw City.     It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Frankenmarkt,  frink'^n-mankt^  a  town  of  Austria, 
31  miles  W.S.W.  of  Wels.     Pop.  1082. 

Frankenmuth,  frank'§n-mooth,  a  post-village  of  Sagi- 
naw CO.,  Mich.,  on  Cass  River,  in  Frankenmuth  township, 
about  14  miles  S.E.  of  Saginaw.  It  has  a  brewery,  2 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  lumber,  cheese,  and 
butter.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1815. 

Frankenstein,  frink'?n-stine',  a  town  of  Prussian 
Silesia,  45  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Breslau.  Pop.  7330.  It  h.ns 
Roman  Catholic  and  Lutheran  churches,  and  manufactures 
of  woollen  and  linen  fabrics. 

Frankenthal,  frink'§n-t|r,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Ba- 
varia, 20  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Speyer,  and  connected 
with  the  Rhine  by  a  canal  6  miles  in  'ength.  Pop.  7021. 
It  is  regularly  built,  and  the  inhabitants  are  industrious. 

Frankentrost,  Michigan.    See  Trostville. 

Frankenwald,  frink'§n-*ilt\  a  small  chain  of  moun- 
tains in  the  N.E.  of  Bavaria,  between  the  Main  and  the 
Saale,  uniting  in  the  Fichtelberg  with  the  ThuringerwaKi. 

Frank'ford,  a  town  of  Ireland,  King's  co.,  8  miles 
N.E.  of  Birr.     Pop.  664. 

Frank'ford,  a  post-village  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  60 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Dover,  on  the  Breakwater  <fc  Frankford 
Railroad.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  wooden 
butter-dishes  and  berry-  and  peach-baskets,  and  ships  much 
corn  and  timber.     Pop.  in  1890,  519. 

Frankford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mower  co.,  Minn.,  in' 
Frankford  township,  on  the  Southern  Minnesota  Railroad, 
about  26  miles  E.  of  Austin.     Pop.  of  the  township,  6."?9. 

Frankford,  a  post-village  and  station  of  Pike  co..  Mo., 
in  Peno  township,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Hannibal,  &  Keokuk 
Railroad,  18  miles  S.  of  Hannibal.  It  has  5  churches,  a 
bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  662. 

Frankford,  a  township  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.    Pop.  1776. 

Frankford,  Lucas  co.,  0.    See  Java. 

Frankford,  a  suburb  of  Philadelphia,  is  on  Taconjr 


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Creek,  and  on  the  New  York  division  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad,  9  miles  from  Broad  Street  Station,  and 
about  6  miles  N.E.  of  Independence  Hall.  It  is  in  the 
23d  ward  of  the  city.  It  has  a  national  bank,  2  newspaper 
offices,  extensive  manufactures  of  woollen  goods,  carpets, 
flour,  hosiery,  iron-ware,  machinery,  Ac,  steel-works,  and 
dye-works.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  United  States  arsenal,  and 
of  an  insane  asylum  under  the  direction  of  the  Society  of 
Friends.  It  contains  15  churches  (2  Baptist,  1  Catholic,  1 
Congregational,  2  Episcopal,  2  Friends',  5  Methodist,  1 
Swedenborgian,  and  1  United  Presbyterian).  Frankford 
Post-Office  is  a  branch  of  the  Philadelphia  Post-Office. 

Frankford,  a  post-village  of  Greenbrier  co.,  W.  Va., 
14  miles  N.E.  of  Ronceverte,  and  10  miles  N.  of  the  White 
Sulphur  Springs.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Frankford,  or  Cole's  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Hast- 
ings CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  river  Trent,  8  miles  N.  of  Trenton. 
It  has  good  water-power  from  Cole's  Creek  (which  hero 
empties  into  the  Trent),  2  saw-mills,  a  flouring-mil!,  a  dis- 
tillery, 3  churches,  8  or  9  stores,  and  manufactories  of  iron 
castings,  mill-machinery,  woollens,  leather,  paper,  wooden- 
ware,  &c.     Pop.  900. 

Frankford  Creek,  Pa.    See  Tacony  Creek. 

Frankfort  (frank'fiirt)  on  the  Main  (Ger.  Franhfurt- 
am-Main,  frink'foout-im-mln  ;  Fr.  Francfort,  fr6.vk^foR'; 
L.  Franco/or' turn  ad  Moe'nitm,  or  Trajec'tum  Franco'rum, 
i.e.,  the  ''  passage  of  the  Franks"),  the  most  ancient,  the 
most  eminent,  and,  from  its  associations,  the  most  interest- 
ing of  the  old  free  cities  of  Germany,  now  in  tho  province 
of  Ilesse-Nassau,  Prussia,  having  lost  its  autonomy  through 
siding  with  Austria  in  the  war  of  1866.  Originally  a  Roman 
station,  Frankfort  did  not  attract  much  attention  till  the 
time  of  Charlemagne,  who  had  a  favorite  palace  and  held  a 
council  here  in  793,  and  subsequent  emperors  made  it  tho 
seat  of  their  court,  granting  it  important  privileges.  Thus, 
in  1257  it  was  made  a  free  city;  after  the  days  of  Barba- 
rossa  it  became  the  place  of  election  for  the  German  empe- 
rors, and  in  1356  Charles  IV.,  by  a  charter  known  as  the 
Golden  Bull,  still  preserved  in  its  archives,  transformed  this 
custom  into  a  right.  It  had  a  long  career  of  almost  unin- 
terrupted prosperity  till  tho  French  revolution  brought  it  a 
series  of  disasters  at  the  close  of  the  last  and  beginning  of 
tho  present  century.  But  Napoleon  I.  befriended  it,  and 
made  it  tho  capital  first  of  a  principality  and  then  of  a 
grand  duchy.  Upon  his  downfiill  it  regained  its  independ- 
ence, and  the  Congress  of  Vienna  (1816)  restored  it  to  its  pre- 
cedency among  the  free  towns,  and  made  it  the  seat  of  the 
German  Diet,  in  which  Frankfort  had  an  independent  vote. 

Frankfort  is  situated  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Main, 
lat.  50°  6'  N.,  Ion.  8°  40'  E.  A  large  and  fine  suburb, 
Sachsenhausen,  stands  on  the  left  bank,  to  which  Frankfort 
proper  is  joined  by  several  bridges.  The  environs  are 
very  beautiful,  being  studded  with  many  stately  mansions 
and  elegant  villas.  The  city  proper  is  entered  by  seven 
gates,  two  of  which,  tho  Gallus  Thor  and  the  Eisenhammer 
Thor,  have  been  preserved  in  their  old  form.  Two  addi- 
tional gates  give  admission  into  Sachsenhausen.  The  old 
ramparts  have  been  levelled  and  the  ditches  filled,  and  the 
space  thus  gained  transformed  into  charming  promenades, 
where  splendid  residences  and  resorts  of  amusement  alter- 
nate with  rural  surroundings.  Like  most  ancient  cities 
which  continue  to  flourish,  Frankfort  divides  into  two  por- 
tions,— the  old  town  and  the  new  town.  The  former  con- 
sists mainly  of  a  congeries  of  old  and  narrow  streets  with 
high-gabled  projecting  houses,  many  of  wood,  interesting 
on  account  of  both  their  antiquity  and  their  quaintness. 
Even  in  this  portion  the  Zeil  has  grown  into  a  fine  spa- 
cious street,  forming  the  principal  thoroughfare  of  tho  city. 
Tho  famous  Juden-Strasse,  "Jews'  street,"  which  used  to  be 
furnished  with  two  gates,  one  at  either  end,  locked  up  at 
night  so  as  to  enclose  the  indwellers,  has  now  lost  its  char- 
acteristics, the  gates  having  been  levelled  in  the  time  of  the 
French  occupation  in  1806.  The  streets  of  the  new  town 
are  wide  and  handsome.  Fronting  the  quay  in  this  por- 
tion is  a  range  of  magnificent  houses,  well  deserving  the 
name  of  palaces,  and  occupied  chiefly  by  bankers  and  other 
rich  merchants,  and  till  1866  by  diplomatists.  The  city 
contains  many  squares,  some  with  fine  fountains.  Among 
these  may  be  noted  the  Rossmarkt,  with  the  monument 
of  Gutenberg,  tho  inventor  of  printing,  and  the  Gotheplatz, 
with  tho  statue  of  Goethe,  who  was  a  native  of  this  city. 
Among  its  public  buildings  are  the  guild  hall,  or  Romer, 
in  which  are  the  Wahlziinmer,  or  hall  of  election,  where 
the  electors  met  to  nominate  a  new  emperor,  and  tho  Kai- 
aersnnl,  in  which  ho  gave  his  first  banquet.  The  ancient 
cathedral  of  St.  Bartholomew,  a  Gothic  structure  begun  in 
1238,  comprises  the  chapel  in  which  the  electors  accepted 


the  emperor  after  he  had  been  anointed  at  the  high  altar. 
In  all,  Frankfort  contains  12  churches,  6  of  which  are 
Protestant.  It  is  rich  in  collections  connected  with  litera- 
ture and  art,  as  libraries,  museums,  and  galleries,  as  well 
as  in  societies  designed  to  promote  them.  The  manufac- 
tures are  not  important,  and  arc  chiefly  articles  of  virtii, 
jewelry,  tapestry,  wax-cloth,  carpets,  tobacco  and  snuff,  <fec. 
It  is  from  its  banking  transactions  that  Frankfort  de- 
rives its  great  wealth,  it  being  still  the  banking-house  of 
Germany,  and  its  exchange  exercising  no  inconsiderable 
influence  on  the  houses  of  the  world.  Among  its  great 
financiers  may  be  cited  the  Rothschilds,  who  had  their 
origin  as  bankers  here,  and  still  maintain  the  parent  es- 
tablishment in  all  its  vigor.  Of  late  some  branches  of  its 
trade  have  diminished,  Leipsic,  for  example,  having  largely 
superseded  it  in  the  book-trade.  From  its  central  situation 
in  relation  to  Germany,  it  is  a  leading  entrepQt  of  railways. 
Pop.  in  1875,  103,136;  in  1880,  136,819;  in  1890,  179,850. 
Frankfort  os  the  Oder  (Ger.  Frankfurt-an-der-Oder, 
fr8,nk'fo6rt-8,n-dfir-o'd§» ;  L.  Francofur' turn  ad  O'deram  or 
Vi'adum),  a  city  of  Prussia,  province  of  Brandenburg,  and 
capital  of  a  government  of  the  same  name,  on  tho  left  bank 
of  the  Oder,  and  on  the  railway  from  Berlin  to  Breslau, 
50  miles  E.  of  the  former  city,  and  in  lat.  50°  22'  N.,  Ion. 
14°  13'  24"  E.  Its  situation,  on  a  navigable  river  con- 
nected by  canals  with  both  the  Vistula  and  the  Elbe,  gives 
it  great  advantages,  and  from  an  early  period  made  it  a 
place  of  importance.  It  is  a  well-built,  fortified  town,  with 
three  suburbs,  one  of  which  is  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Oder  and  is  connected  with  the  rest  of  the  city  by  a  wooden 
bridge.  It  has  6  Protestant  churches,  of  which  St.  Mary's, 
founded  in  the  thirteenth  century,  is  worthy  of  notice  for 
its  large  organ,  richly  gilt  wood-carvings,  and  fine  stained 
windows.  There  are,  besides,  a  Roman  Catholic  church,  a 
synagogue,  a  town  house  built  in  1617,  and  a  gymnasium. 
It  has  manufactures  of  silk,  gloves,  mustard,  tobacco, 
sugar,  and  porcelain- ware,  as  well  as  considerable  distil- 
leries. Three  fairs  are  held  here  annually,  attended  by 
Poles  and  Silesians,  but  they  have  lost  much  of  their  im- 
portance. In  the  Thirty  Years'  War  Frankfort  suffered 
much  from  both  parties,  as  also  from  the  French  in  the  be- 
ginning of  the  present  century.  Kunersdorf,  4i  miles  from 
Frankfort,  was  the  scene  of  a  great  battle,  fought  in  1759, 
between  Frederick  the  Great  and  the  united  army  of  Aus- 
tria and  Russia,  in  which  the  advantage  lay  with  the  allies. 
Pop.  in  1875,  47,180;  in  1880,  61,147;  in  1890,  55,738. 

Frankfort,  a  government  of  Prussia,  forming  the  S.E. 
portion  of  the  province  of  Brandenburg.  Area,  7382  square 
miles.     Capital,  Frankfort  on  tho  Oder.     Pop.  1,059,392. 

Frank'fort,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Ala.,  15 
miles  S.W.  of  Tuscumbia.  It  has  a  church  and  a  free 
public  school.     Pop.  100. 

Frankfort,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co..  111.,  7  miles 
S.  of  Benton.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
farm-implements. 

Frankfort,  or  Frankfort  Station,  a  post-village  of 
Will  CO.,  111.,  in  Frankfort  township,  on  the  Joliet  division 
of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  14  miles  E.  of  Joliet. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
manufactures  of  carriages  and  farming-implements.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Frankfort  Station.  Pop.  in  1890, 
431 ;  of  the  township,  1648. 

Frankfort,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Logansport,  Crawfordsville  &  Southwestern  Railroad 
where  it  crosses  the  Frankfort  &  Kokomo  Railroad,  36 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Logansport,  and  on  the  Lafayette,  Mun- 
cie  <fc  Bloomington  Railroad,  24  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lafayette. 
It  has  a  court-house,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  4 
churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  high  school,  3  elevators,  a 
planing-mill,  and  a  furniture-factory.  Pop.  in  1890,  5919. 
Frankfort,  a  post-township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  887.     Its  post-office  is  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Red  Oak. 

Frankfort,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Kansas,  78 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Atchison,  and  16  miles  S.E.  of  Marys- 
ville.  It  has  7  churches,  2  banks,  a  new.»paper  office,  a 
high  school,  and  a  washing-machine  factory. 

JFrankfort,  the  capital  of  Kentucky,  and  of  Franklin 
CO.,  is  beautifully  situated  on  the  right  bank  of  tho  Ken- 
tucky River,  here  crossed  by  a  bridge,  and  on  the  Louisville, 
Cincinnati  &  Lexington  Railroad,  29  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Lexington,  about  70  miles  S.  by  AV.  of  Cincinnati,  and  65 
miles  E.  of  Louisville.  Lat.  38°  14'  N. ;  Ion.  84°  44'  W. 
The  river  is  navigable  by  steamboats  below  and  above  this 
city.  It  flows  here  in  a  deep  channel  or  chasm  between 
steep  walls  of  Silurian  limestone,  and  presents  picturesque 
scenery.  Frankfort  contains  a  state  house,  built  of  Ken- 
tucky marble  quarried  in  the  vicinity,  the  governor's  housflb 


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th«  (Ute  psniteniiary,  »  court-houar,  6  bnnk«,  the  ttato 
library  of  7000  volumes,  the  Kentucky  Military  liiKtitute,  6 
oburoh**,  the  date  inititutiun  fur  feeble- minded  uliildri-n,  7 
(•w-milla,  6  dislilleriea  of  whiskey,  and  a  flour-mill.  Three 
daily  and  3  weekly  ncwtpauera  and  2  monthly  periodical* 
tn  published  here.  Two  bridges  oroM  the  river  at  this 
plMM.     r.ii>.  in  1890,  7802. 

Frankfurt,  a  poat-villnge  of  Waldo  oo.,  Me.,  in  Frank- 
fort township,  on  Marsh  Stream,  1  mile  W.  of  the  Penobscot 
River,  16  miles  beluw  Bangor.  It  has  i  or  2  ohurohes,  and 
4  quarries  of  granite,  from  whioh  is  derived  the  principal 
businen  of  the  place.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1U90. 

Frankfurt,  a  post-village  of  lienzie  oo.,  Mich.,  on 
Lnke  Miohigan,  in  Crystal  Lake  township,  36  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Traverse  City.  It  has  n  bank,  4  churches,  5  saw-mills, 
a  money-order  post-office,  a  grist-mill,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  a  bla.«t-furnaoe  for  iron.  Here  is  a  good  harbor.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1175. 

Frankfurt,  a  township  of  Wright  CO.,  Minn.  Pop.  1148. 

Frankfort,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
Misauuri  River,  10  miles  above  Yankton,  S.D. 

Frankfurt,  formerly  Flagg'town,  a  post- village  of 
Somerset  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  South  Brunch  of  the  Central 
llailruad,  and  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  5  miles  S.W. 
of  Somerville,  and  41  miles  from  New  York.  It  has  a  man- 
ufactory of  drain-tiles. 

Frankfurt,  a  post-village  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  S.  bank  of  the  Mohawk  River,  on  the  Erie  Canal  and 
the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  85  miles  W.N.W.  of  Albany, 
and  10  miles  S.E.  of  Utica.  It  contains  5  churcbos,  a  bank, 
a  woollen-mill,  railroad  machine-shops,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  2291. 

Frankfurt,  a  post-village  of  Ross  oo.,  0.,  on  the  North 
Fork  of  Paint  Creek,  1  mile  from  Frankfort  Station,  and  13 
ruiles  W.N.W.  of  Chillioothe.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank, 
ajjd  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  667. 

Frankfurt  (Jerome  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of  Union  co., 
0..  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Columbus.    It  has  1  or  2  churches. 

Frankfurt,  a  post-village  of  Spink  co.,  S.D.,  about  10 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Redfield.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspa|ier  office,  <tc.     Pop.  186. 

Frankfurt,  a  post-village  of  Mineral  co.,  W.  Va.,  about 
12  miles  S.  of  Cumberland,  Md.     It  has  a  church. 

Frankfurt,  a  post-township  of  Pepin  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Chiiipewa  River,  about  12  miles  from  its  mouth.    Pop.  648. 

Frankfort  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y., 
7  miles  S.E.  of  Utica. 

Frankfort  Springs,  a  post-borough  of  Beaver  co., 
Pa.,  about  25  miles  W.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2  churches 
and  an  academy.     Pop.  180. 

Frankfurt  Statiun,  Will  co.,  111.    See  Frankfort. 

Frankfurt,  and  Frankfurth.    See  Frankpokt. 

Frank  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Winona  co.,  Minn. 

Frank'iston,  a  station  in  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Central  Railroad  uf  Long  Island,  12  miles  £.  of  New  York, 
and  2  miles  W.  of  Creedmoor. 

Frankland,  Quebec.    See  Warwick. 

Frank'land  Islands,  oS  the  E.  coast  pf  Australia,  in 
lat.  17°  16'  S.,  Ion.  146°  E. 

Frank'lin,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Alabama,  has 
an  area  of  about  620  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Big 
Bear  Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  mostly  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn 
are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Biruiingbam, 
Sheffield  &  Tennessee  River  Railway.  Capital,  Bel  Green, 
Pop.  in  1870,  8006;  in  1880,  9155;  in  1890,  10,681. 

Franklin,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Arkansas,  has 
an  area  of  about  672  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Arkansas  River,  and  also  drained  by  Mulberry  River. 
The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating,  and  a  large  portion  of 
it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  yellow  ])ine,  walnut, 
chestnut,  Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile.  This  county  has  extensive 
prairies.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  pork,  and  grass  are  the 
staple  products.  Among  its  mineral  resources  is  bitumi- 
nous coal.  Its  central  portion  is  traversed  from  E.  to  W.  by 
the  Little  Rock  A  Fort  Smith  Railroad,  which  passes 
through  Ozark,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870, 
9627;  in  1880,  14,951  ;  in  1890,  19,934. 

Franklin,  a  county  of  Florida,  is  bounded  on  the  S. 
by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  intersected  by  the  Appalachicola 
River.  Area,  690  square  miles.  The  surface  is  nearly  level. 
The  soil  is  sandy  and  poor.  The  Crooked  River  intersects 
it  in  the  East.  Capital,  Appalaohicola.  Pop.  in  1870, 1256; 
in  1880,  1791;  in  1890,  3308. 

Franklin,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Georgia,  border- 
ing on  South  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  359  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Tugaloo  River,  and  is 


drained  by  the  bead-streams  of  Broad  River.  The  surface  is 
uneven  or  hilly,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests.  The  soil 
produces  cotton,  grass,  and  Indian  corn.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Richmond  A.  Danville  Railroad.  Capital,  Carnesvillo. 
Pop.  in  1870,  7893  ;  in  1880,  11,463;  in  1890,  14,670. 

Franklin,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an 
area  of  about  430  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Big 
Muddy  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  Bituminous  coal  is  found  here.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  St.  Louis,  Alton  &  Torre  Haute  Railroad. 
Capital,  Benton.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,052;  in  1880,  16,129; 
in  1890,  17.138. 

Franklin,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Indiana,  has  an 
area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Whitewater  River,  the  East  and  West  Forks  of  which  unite 
near  the  middle  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly 
and  partly  level,  and  about  one-third  of  it  is  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  pork, 
and  butter  are  the  sta)>le  products.  Good  Silurian  (Tren- 
ton) limestone  underlies  this  county.  It  is  traversed  from 
the  S.E.  to  the  S.W.  by  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago 
&  St.  Louis  Railroad,  which  passes  through  Brookville,  the 
capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,223;  in  1880, 
20,092;  in  1890,  18,366. 

Franklin,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an  area 
of  576  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Iowa  River, 
which  flows  through  the  S.W.  part,  and  by  the  West  Fork 
of  Cedar  River.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile. Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  and  oats  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Iowa  Central 
Railroad  and  one  other  railroad.  Capital,  Hampton.  Pop. 
in  1870,4738;  in  1880,  10,249;  in  1890,  12,871. 

Franklin,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an 
area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  interacted  by  the  Osage 
River  (or  Marais  des  Cygnes).  and  also  drained  by  Middle 
and  Pottawatomie  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and 
is  diversified  with  prairies  and  groves,  the  former  of  which 
are  more  extensive  than  the  latter.  The  soil  is  fertile.  In- 
dian corn,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Limestone  underlies  part  of  the  county.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Atchison,  Topeka  A  Santa  F6  and  Missouri 
Pacific  Railroads.  Capital,  Ottawa.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,385 ; 
in  1880,  16,797;  in  1890,  20,279. 

Franklin,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kentucky,  has 
an  area  of  about  200  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Kentucky  River,  which  is  here  navigable  by  steamboats, 
and  also  drained  by  Elkhorn  Creek.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating, and  diversified  with  beautiful  scenery.  The  soil 
is  very  fertile.  The  Kentucky  River  in  this  part  of  its 
course  runs  in  a  chasm  several  hundred  feet  deep,  between 
vertical  or  steep  walls  of  limestone.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has 
abundance  of  Silurian  (Trenton)  limestone,  and  beds  of 
marble.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Louisville  A  Nashville 
Railroad  and  the  Kentucky  Midland  Railroad,  both  of 
which  communicate  with  Frankfort,  the  capital  of  the 
county  and  also  the  capital  of  the  state.  Pop.  in  1870, 
15,300;  in  1880,  18,699;  in  1890,  21,267. 

Franklin,  a  parish  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Louisiana,  has 
an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  the  Tensas  River  (or  Macon  Bayou),  and  on  the 
S.W.  by  the  Ouachita  River.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and 
extensively  covered  with  forests  of  ash,  gum,  hickory,  oak, 
and  pine.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are 
the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  New  Orleans 
A  North  Western  Railroad.  Capital,  Winnsborough.  Pop. 
in  1870,  5078;  in  1880,  6495;  in  1890,  6900. 

Franklin,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Maine,  border- 
ing on  Canada,  has  an  area  of  about  1660  square  miles. 
It  is  drained  by  Dead  and  Sandy  Rivers,  which  rise  in  it. 
The  surface  is  partly  undulating  and  partly  billy,  and  a 
large  portion  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  Hay,  oats,  but- 
ter, potatoes,  and  wool  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Maine  Central  Railroad  and  the  Sandy  River 
Railroad,  both  of  which  pass  through  Farmington,  the 
capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  18,807  j  in  1880, 
18,180;  in  1890,  17,053. 

Franklin,  a  county  in  the  N.AV.  part  of  Massachu- 
setts, bordering  on  Vermont,  has  an  area  of  about  665 
square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Connecticut  River, 
and  also  drained  by  Deorfield,  Green,  and  Miller's  Rivers. 
The  surface  is  finely  diversified  with  hills,  valley's,  and 
forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Hay,  tobacco,  Indian  corn, 
lumber,  butter,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  Among 
the  forest  trees  are  the  elm,  beech,  sugar-maple,  oak,  and 
ash.     This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Connecticut  River 


FRA 


12H 


FRA 


Railroad  and  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  both  of  which  com- 
municate with  Greenfield,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Other 
railroads  also  traverse  it.  Pop.  in  1870,  32,635;  in  1880, 
36,001;  in  1890,  38,610. 

Franklin,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Mississippi, 
has  an  area  of  about  556  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Ilomochitto  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
uneven,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the 
pine  abounds.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
and  pork  are  staples.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Louisville, 
New  Orleans  <&  Texas  Railroad.  Capital,  Meadville.  Pop. 
in  1870,  7498;  in  1880,  9729;  in  1890,  10,424. 

Franklin,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Missouri,  has 
nn  area  of  about  866  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.  by  the  Missouri  River,  intersected  by  the  Maramec 
River,  and  also  drained  by  Bourbeuse  Creek.  The  surface 
is  partly  hilly  and  partly  undulating,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Wheat, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  cattle,  hay,  pork,  and  tobacco  are  staples. 
This  county  has  mines  of  copper,  iron,  and  lead.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  Railroad,  the 
Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  and  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  A 
Colorado  Railroad.  Capital,  Union.  Pop.  in  1870,  30,098; 
in  1880,  26,534;  in  1890,  28,056. 

Franklin,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Nebraska,  bor- 
dering on  Kansas,  has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Republican  River.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulatin<;  or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  produces 
natural  pasture.  This  county  contains  extensive  prairies, 
and  has  but  little  timber.  Capital,  Blootnington.  Pop.  in 
1870,  26;  in  1876,  1953:  in  1880,  5465;  in  1890,  7693. 

Franklin,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  New  York, 
bordering  on  Canada,  has  an  area  of  about  1783  square 
miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Saranao,  Salmon,  Racket,  and 
St.  Regis  Rivers,  which  rise  within  it  and  flow  in  various 
directions.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  numerous  small 
lakes,  hills,  valleys,  and  mountains.  The  northern  part  is 
nearly  level.  In  the  southern  part  of  the  county  stands 
Mount  Seward,  a  peak  of  the  Au  Sable  Mountains,  4384 
feet  high.  A  large  portion  of  this  county  is  covered  with 
forests,  in  which  the  pine,  cedar,  odk,  spruce,  and  sugar- 
ipaple  abound.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile,  and  adapted  to 
pasturage.  Hay,  butter,  oats,  potatoes,  hops,  lumber,  and 
maple  sugar  are  the  staple  products,  (iood  iron  ore  is 
found  here.  Granite,  gneiss,  and  Potsdam  sandstone 
underlie  part  of  the  soil.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Central  Vermont  Railroad,  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  the 
Chateaugay  Railroad,  and  the  North  Adiron  Railroad,  the 
first  named  passing  through  Malone,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  30,271;  in  1880,  32,390;  in  1890,  38,110. 

Franklin,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  North  Carolina, 
has  an  area  of  about  480  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  Tar  River,  and  partly  drained  by  Moccasin  and  Sandy 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  moderately  uneven,  and  a  large 
part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile. 
Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  sta()le  products.  This 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Raleigh  &  Gaston  Railroad,  a 
branch  of  which  communicates  with,  and  terminates  at, 
Louisburg,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  14,134;  in  1880, 
20,829;  in  1890,  21,090. 

Franklin,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Ohio,  has  an 
area  of  about  524  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Scioto  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Olentangy  River  and 
by  Darby  and  Walnut  Creeks.  The  surface  is  nearly  level, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  ash, 
beech,  sugar-maple,  <fco.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  oats,  hay,  pork,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products. 
Numerous  railroads,  among  them  the  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road, traverse  this  county  or  terminate  at  Columbus,  which 
is  the  capital  of  the  county  and  of  the  state.  The  Ohio 
Canal  passes  through  the  S.E.  part.  Pop.  in  1S70,  63,019 ; 
in  1880,  86,797;  in  1890,  124,087.  Corniferous  and  Hel- 
derberg  limestones  underlie  part  of  this  county. 

Franklin,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Pennsylvania, 
bordering  on  Maryland,  has  an  area  of  about  750  square 
miles.  It  is  drained  by  Antietam,  Conococheague,  and  Con- 
edogwinit  Creeks,  which  rise  in  it.  A  ridge  called  Tus- 
carora  or  Cove  Mountain  extends  along  the  N.W.  border. 
Among  the  physical  features  of  this  county  are  Parnell's 
Knob,  a  picturesque  peak  of  the  Kittatinny  Mountain,  and 
a  wide  and  very  fertile  valley  based  on  limestone.  Wheat, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  butter,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Among  its  minerals  are  iron  ore  and  slate.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad,  the  West- 
ern Maryland  Railroad,  and  the  Mount  Alto  Railroad,  all 
of  which  communicate  with  Chambersburg.  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  45,365;  in  1880,  49,855;  in  1890,  51,433. 


Franklin,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Tennessee,  has 
an  area  of  about  570  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Elk 
River  and  other  small  affluents  of  the  Tennessiee  River.  It 
comprises  part  of  Cumberland  Mountain.  The  surface  is 
diversified  with  high  hills  or  table-lands,  and  is  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  In- 
dian corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
Marble  is  said  to  be  found  here.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  which 
communicates  with  Winchester,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
Pop.  in  1870,  14,970;  in  1880,  17,178;  in  1890,  18,929. 

Franklin,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Texas,  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Sulphur  Fork  of  Red  River, 
and  intersected  by  White  Oak  Bayou.  Area,  300  square 
miles.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  produces  cotton,  Indian  corn, 
&o.  It  is  intersected  by  the  St.  Louis  &  Southwestern 
Railroad.  Capital,  Mount  Vernon.  Pop.  in  1880,  5280; 
in  1890,  6481. 

Franklin,  a  northern  county  of  Vermont,  borders  on 
Canada.  Area,  about  639  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  Lake  Champlain,  is  intersected  by  the  Missis- 
quoi  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Lamoille  River.  The 
surface  is  partly  billy,  and  is  diversified  with  beautiful 
scenery.  The  eastern  part  is  adjacent  to  the  Green  Moun- 
tains. A  large  portion  of  the  county  is  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  adapted  to  dairy-farming. 
Butter,  hay,  oats,  potatoes,  cheese,  and  maple  sugar  are 
the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Vermont  Cen- 
tral Railroad  and  the  St.  Johnsbury  &  Lake  Champlain 
Railroad,  the  former  passing  through  St.  Albans,  the  capital 
of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  30,291;  in  1880,  30,225;  in 
1890,  29,755. 

Franklin,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Virginia,  has  an 
area  of  about  750  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E. 
by  Staunton  River,  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Blue  Ridge  of 
mountains,  and  is  intersected  by  Blackwater  River.  The 
surface  is  hilly  or  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats, 
tobacco,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Iron 
ore  is  found  here.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Richmond  <fc 
Danville  Railroad.  Capital,  Rocky  Mount.  Pop.  in  1870, 
18,264;  in  1880,25,084;  in  1890,  24,985. 

Franklin,  a  hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Chatta- 
hoochee  River,  nearly  opposite  Fort  Gaines,  Qa. 

Franklin,  a  station  in  Macon  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Mont- 
gomery <fc  West  Point  Railroad,  34  miles  E.  of  Montgomery. 

Franklin,  a  post-village  of  Izard  co.,  Ark.,  on  Straw- 
berry Creek,  about  27  miles  N.  of  Batesville.  It  has  sev- 
eral churches. 

Franklin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sacramento  co.,  Cal.,  about 
90  miles  N.E.  of  San  Francisco. 

Franklin,  a  post-township  of  New  London  co..  Conn., 
on  the  New  London  Northern  Railroad,  7  miles  N.W.  of 
Norwich.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  saw-mills. 
Pop.  731. 

Franklin,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Heard  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  E.  bank  of  the  Chattahoochee  River,  about  60  miles 
S.W.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy  or  semi- 
nary, and  a  newspaper  office. 

Franklin,  a  post-village  of  Oneida  co.,  Idaho,  on  the 
northern  boundary  of  Utah,  at  the  north  terminus  of  the 
Utah  Northern  Railroad,  20  miles  N.  of  Logan.  It  h.as  a 
church,  2  hotels,  a  flour-mill,  and  3  stores.    Pop.  about  700. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  De  Kalb  co.,  lU.  Pop.  1004. 
It  contains  Kirkland. 

Franklin,  Leo  co.,  111.    See  Franklin  Grove. 

Franklin,  a  post-village  of  Morgan  co..  111.,  in  Franklin 
township,  on  the  Jacksonville,  Northwestern  &  Southeastern 
Railroad,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Jacksonville.  It  has  2  flour- 
mills  and  a  manufactory  of  jeans.     Pop.  of  township,  2057. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1243. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Floyd  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
River.     Pop.  793. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Grant  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1471. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.,  contiguous 
to  Franklin  in  Floyd  co.  Pop.  1402.  It  includes  Lanesvillo 
and  Breckenridge. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Hendricks  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
1316.     It  includes  Stilesville. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1579. 
It  includes  Lewisville. 

Franklin,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Johnson  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Franklin  township,  on  the  Jeffersonville,  Madison  &  In- 
dianapolis Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Cincinnati  &  Mar- 
tinsville Railroad,  20  miles  S.  of  Indianapolis,  and  21  milea 
N.  of  Columbus.  It  is  the  seat  of  Franklin  College  (Bap- 
tist), which  was  organized  in  1872.    It  contains  2  national 


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TKA 


iMnkt,  a  high  tohool,  7  churches,  and  3  floiirinf^-milU.  Odo 
daily  and  3  weekly  nvwtpaneri  are  published  here.  Pop. 
In  1890,  S781 ;  of  the  townshin,  exclusive  of  the  city,  10U2. 

Franklin,  a  township  or  Kosoinsko  oo.,  Ind.  Pop. 
1180.     It  onnUkins  Bearer  Dam  and  Sevastopol. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  2.376. 
It  inclndoH  .■Voton. 

Frnnklin,atownshlpof Montgomoryco., Ind.    P.  1(53.3. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1512. 
It  contains  Farmers'  Statiotv  Freedom,  Ac. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Pulaski  oo.,  Ind.,  on  the  Tip- 
pecanoe River.     Pop.  22(5. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  126ft. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Kandolph  oo.,  Ind.  Pop. 
1537.     It  includes  Ridgeville. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Ripley  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  1961. 
It  contains  Milan,  Pieroevillo,  &o. 

Franklin,  a  townshin  of  Washington  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
1366.     It  contains  New  Pniladolphia. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
line.  Pop.  1385.  It  includes  Bethel,  Whitowntor,  and  a 
hamlet  called  Franklin,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Brookville. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
846.     It  contains  Volney. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Missouri  lino.  Pop.  851.  It  contains  Ilibbsville  and 
Livingston. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Bremer  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  709. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  626. 
It  contains  Wiota. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Clarke  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  663. 
It  contains  Smyrna. 

Franklin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Decatur  co.,  Iowa,  in  Cen- 
tre township,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Leon.     It  has  a  church. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Decatur  co.,  Iowa,  about  56 
miles  S.  of  Dcs  Moines.     Pop.  605. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Des  Moines  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
1448.     It  contains  Dodgeville  and  Franklin  Mills. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Fremont  co.,  Iowa,  tho  south- 
westernmost  township  in  tho  state.  Pop.  750,  exclusive  of 
Hamburg. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  395. 

Franklin,  or  Franklin  Centre,  a  post-village  of 
Lee  CO.,  Iowa,  in  Franklin  township,  on  the  Burlington  & 
Southwestern  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  of  Fort  Madison,  and 
31  miles  W.S.W.  of  Burlington.  It  has  3  churches,  a  pub- 
lic school,  a  furniture-factory,  and  2  wagon-factories.  Pop. 
in  1890,  333;  of  the  township,  1457. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  997, 
exclusive  of  Mt.  Vernon  and  Lisbon. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  879. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Monona  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  560, 
exclusive  of  Onawa. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  631. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  737. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Story  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  959. 

Franklin,atownshipof  Washington  CO.,  Iowa.     P.  741. 

Franklin,atownshipof  Bourbon  CO.,  Kansas.     P.  1474. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
665.     It  contains  Ferguson  and  WcUsville. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
885,  exclusive  of  the  city  of  Holton. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Marshall  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
296.     (Post-ofiSco  and  station.  Home.) 

Franklin,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Simpson  co.,  Ky., 
on  Drake's  Creek,  and  on  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Rail- 
road, 20  miles  S.  of  Bowling  Green,  and  50  miles  N.  of 
Nashville.  It  contains  a  court-house,  6  churches,  a  national 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  female  college,  a  male  seminary, 
a  woollen-mill,  a  tobacco-factory,  2  steam  flour-mills,  and  a 
planing-mill.     Pop.  in  1880,  1686;  in  1890,  2324. 

Franklin,  a  post-village,  capital  of  St.  Mary's  parish. 
La.,  on  the  Bayou  Teche,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Morgan  City, 
and  about  100  miles  W.  of  New  Orleans.  Large  steamboats 
can  ascend  the  bayou  to  this  plnce,  from  which  cotton,  sugar, 
and  oranges  are  exported.  It  has  5  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  convent,  2  saw-mills,  2  planing-mills,  and  manu- 
factures of  sash  and  blinds,  and  of  ice.     P.  in  1890,  2127. 

Franklin,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co..  Me.,  in  Frank- 
lin township,  at  the  head  or  N.  end  of  Frenchman's  Bay, 
2  J  miles  from  the  ocean,  and  36  miles  S.E.  of  Bangor.  It  has 
»  church  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1042. 

Franklin,  a  plantation  in  Oxford  co..  Me.     Pop.  178. 

Franklin,  Maryland.    See  Fuaxklin  City,  Virginia. 

Franklin,  a  post-village  in  Franklin  township,  Norfolk 
•o.,  Miiss.,  on  the  New  York  A  New  England  Railroad,  27 
miles  S.W.  of  Boston,  and  about  20  miles  N.  of  Providence. 


It  contains  5  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  saving8-ba..i;,  an 
academy,  and  2  newspaper  offices.  Pop.  about  1200  ;  of  the 
township,  4831.  It  has  manufactures  of  straw  goods,  felt- 
ings,  shoddy,  and  rubber  shoes. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Houghton  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
2687.     It  contains  the  Pewabic  copper-mines. 

Franklin,  a  station  in  Houghton  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Mineral  Range  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Hancock.  Here  are 
rich  copper-mines  and  steam  stamping-mills. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.    P.  1405. 

Franklin,  a  post-village  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  on  a 
branch  of  Rouge  River,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Detroit. 
It  a  saw-mill,  1  or  2  flour-mills,  2  churches,  and  a  tile- 
factory.     Pop.  about  300. 

Franklin,  a  post- village  of  Renville  co.,  Minn.,  5  miles 
by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Morton.  It  has  a  church,  a  public 
school,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Dent  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1806. 

Franklin,  Franklin  co..  Mo.    See  Pacific. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Grundy  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  1562. 

Franklin,  or  New  Franklin,  a  post-village  in 
Franklin  township,  Howard  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri 
River,  opposite  to  Boonville,  and  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas 
A  Texas  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Fayette.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  132;  of  the  township,  1741. 

Franklin,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co..  Neb.,  5  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Bloomington.  It  has  6  churches,  a  bank,  2 
newspaper  offices,  public  schools,  Ac.     Pop.  656. 

Franklin,  a  post-village  of  Merrimack  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Franklin  township,  on  the  Merrimac  River,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Winnepesaukee,  and  on  the  Northern  Railroad,  at 
the  junction  of  the  Bristol  Branch,  19  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Concord.  It  has  a  savings-bank,  5  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  paper-mill,  and  (with  Franklin  Falls)  several 
woollen-mills,  which  make  flannel  and  hosiery.  Pop.  of 
the  township  in  1890,  4085. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.  Pop.  2899. 
It  contains  Ridgewood  and  Oakland. 

Franklin,  a  hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  N.J.,  in  Caldwell 
township,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Montclair.  It  has  a  chapel,  2 
stores,  and  a  tobaoco-f^tory. 

Franklin,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Erie  Railroad  (Paterson  A  Newark  Branch),  4  miles  N.  of 
Newark,  and  7  miles  S.  of  Paterson.  It  has  4  churches,  an 
academy,  a  high  school,  and  a  woollen-factory. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Gloucester  co.,  N.J.  Pop. 
2188.  It  contains  Franklinville,  Newfiold,  New  Denniiirk, 
and  Forest  Grove. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.  Pop, 
1342,  exclusive  of  a  part  of  the  borough  of  Clinton.  It  in- 
cludes Quakertown,  Pittstown,  and  Cherryville. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J.  Pop.  3912. 
It  contains  East  Millstone,  Weston,  Middleburg,  and  Griggs- 
town. 

Franklin,  or  Franklin  Furnace,  a  post-village  in 
Hardiston  township,  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  New  Jersey 
Midland  Railroad,  and  on  the  Sussex  Railroad,  11  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Newton,  and  38  miles  W.N.W.  of  Paterson.  It 
has  1  or  2  churches,  60  residences,  a  blast-furnace,  and 
mines  of  iron  and  zinc.  Pop.  about  800.  Here  is  found  a 
rare  mineral,  called  Franklinite,  which  is  a  valuable  ore  of 
iron,  and  contains  oxides  of  zinc  and  of  manganese.  The 
name  of  the  post-office  is  Franklin  Furnace. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Warren  co,  N.J.  Pop.  1G5'* 
It  contains  Broadway  and  New  Village. 

Franklin,  a  post-office  of  Colfax  co.,  New  Mexico. 

Franklin,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Franklin  township,  about  42  miles  E.N.E.  of  Binghamton, 
and  80  miles  W.S.W.  of  Albany.  It  contains  4  churches, 
a  national  bank,  a  literary  institute,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
tannery,  a  planing-mill,  a  creamery,  and  a  foundry.  Pop. 
681.  The  New  York  A  Oswego  Midland  Railroad  touches 
the  S.W.  part  of  tho  township.     Pop.  of  tho  township,  3002. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Sara- 
nac.  It  has  iron-mines  and  important  lumber-manufactures. 
Pop.  1094.    It  contains  Alder  Brook,  Franklin  Falls,  Ac. 

Franklin,  a  village  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Oriskany 
Creek,  and  on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  A  Western  Rail- 
road, 9  miles  S.W.  of  Utica,  and  1  mile  S.  of  Clinton.  Here 
is  an  iron-furnace.  Pop.  379.  The  name  of  its  post-office 
is  Franklin  Iron-Works. 

Franklin,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Macon  co.,  N.C.,  in 
Franklin  township,  on  the  Little  Tennessee  River,  about  45 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Walhalla,  S.C.  It  has  4  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  281. 

FrankI  in ,  a  township  of  New  Hanover  co.,  N.C.  P.  1 309. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Rowan  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  1729. 


FKA 


1217 


ERA 


Franklin,  a  township  of  Surry  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  629. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Adams  CO.,  0.  Pop.  2172.  It 
contains  Locust  Grove,  Lovett's,  Marble  Furnace,  Ac. 

Franklin,  Belmont  co.,  0.    See  Stewautsville. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  0.  Pop.  1225.  It 
contains  Arnheim. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Clermont  co.,  0.  Pop.  3298. 
It  contains  Chilo,  Felicity,  Utopia,  and  Rural. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.  Pop.  866. 
It  includes  the  village  of  Columbiana. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.  Pop.  972. 
It  contains  Coalport  and  Franklin  Station,  and  has  mines 
of  bituminous  coal. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Darke  co.,  0.     Pop.  1366. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  0.,  annexed  to 
the  city  of  Columbus  in  1872.     Pop.  2629. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Fulton  co.,  0.     Pop.  999. 

Franklin,  a  hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  0.,  in  Franklin 
township,  about  32  miles  W.  of  Steubenville.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  grist-mill.  Here  is  Tappan  Post- 
Offico.     Pop.  about  125;  of  the  township,  1153. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  0.     Pop.  1665. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Licking  co.,  0.     Pop.  847. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Mercer  co.,  0.  Pop.  831.  It 
contains  Montezuma,  and  is  bounded  N.  by  the  Qreat 
Reservoir. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Monroe  CO.,  0.  Pop.  1418.  It 
contains  Stafford. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Morrow  co.,  0.    Pop.  1011. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Portage  co.,  0.  Pop.  3037.  It 
contains  Kent. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Richland  oo.,  0.     Pop.  943. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Ross  co.,  0.,  on  the  Scioto 
River  and  the  Ohio  Canal.     Pop.  1082. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  0.  Pop.  839.  It 
contains  Swander's  Crossing. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Summit  co.,  0.  Pop.  1887. 
It  contains  Clinton,  and  has  mines  of  excellent  coal. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.  Pop.  998. 
It  includes  Strasburg. 

Franklin,  a  post-village  in  Franklin  township,  War- 
ren CO.,  0.,  on  the  Miami  River,  the  Miami  Canal,  and  the 
Cincinnati  division  of  the  Cleveland,  Columbus  &,  Cincin- 
nati Railroad,  16  miles  below  Dayton,  and  40  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Cincinnati.  It  contains  a  union  school,  8  churches,  2 
national  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  3  paper-mills,  a  flour- 
ing-mill,  and  manufactures  of  sash  and  blinds.  Pop.  in 
1890.  2729  ;  of  the  township,  4434. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Wayne  CO.,  0.  Pop.  1302.  It 
contains  the  village  of  Moorland. 

Franklin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lane  co.,  Oregon,  9  miles 
S.W.  of  Junction  City.  It  has  a  church,  2  stores,  and  a 
sulphur  spring. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  2176.  It 
contains  Arendtsville. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.    Pop.  716. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.    Pop.  676. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.    Pop.  705. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1047. 
It  includes  Prospect. 

Franklin,  a  borough  of  Cambria  co..  Pa.,  about  36 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Altoona,  and  adjacent  to  Conemaugh. 
Pop.  in  1880,  734;  in  1890,  662. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Carbon  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1912, 
exclusive  of  the  borough  of  Weissport. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Mary- 
land line.     Pop.  922.     It  contains  Komblesville. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Columbia  co..  Pa.,  bounded 
N.  by  the  East  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna.     Pop.  506. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Erie  co..  Pa.    Pop.  994. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Fayette  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Youghiogheny  River.     Pop.  1299.     It  contains  Flatwoods. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Greene  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1500. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
1355.     It  has  iron-works  and  mines  of  iron  ore. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  644. 
It  contains  the  village  of  Orange. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  739. 
It  contains  the  village  of  Lairdsville. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Snyder  co..  Pa.  Pop.  934, 
exclusive  of  the  borough  of  Middleburg. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.  Pop. 
849.  It  contains  the  hamlet  of  Upsonville. 
_  Franklin,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Venango  co..  Pa.,  is 
situated  on  the  Allegheny  River,  at  the  mouth  of  French 
Creek,  and  on  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad  and  the 
Franklin  Branch  of  tho  Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Rail- 


road, about  65  miles  direct  (123  miles  by  railway)  N.  of 
Pittsburg,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Oil  City,  and  28  miles  S.E.  of 
Meadville.  The  Jamestown  <fc  Franklin  Railroad  also  passes 
through  it.  Franklin  contains  a  court-house,  8  churches, 
10  hotels,  a  national  bank,  4  other  banks,  4  oil-refiueries, 
2  or  3  machine-shops,  2  flouring-mills,  and  a  brush-factory. 
Its  growth  has  been  greatly  stimulated  by  the  trade  in  pe- 
troleum, which  is  procured  largely  in  the  vicinity.  One 
daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  It 
occupies  the  site  of  the  Frencn  Fort  Venango,  built  in  1753. 
Pop.  in  1890,  6221. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Pa.  Pop. 
1654.     It  contains  Van  Buren,  and  has  beds  of  coal. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.  Pop. 
1754.     It  contains  Murrysville  and  Manor  Dale. 

Franklin,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Williamson  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Harpeth  River,  and  on  the  Louisville  & 
Great  Southern  Railroad,  20  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Nashville, 
and  27  miles  N.E.  of  Columbia.  It  contains  13  churches, 
2  banks,  a  female  college,  a  male  academy,  2  flouring-mills, 
and  a  newspaper  offi^.e.  Here  occurred  a  bloody  battle 
between  the  Confederate  forces  under  General  Hood  and  the 
Union  forces  under  General  Schofield,  November  30,  1864, 
in  which  the  former  were  defeated.     Pop.  (1890)  2250. 

Franklin,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Robertson  co.,  Tex., 
67  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Palestine.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  &o.     Pop.  665. 

Franklin,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  16  miles 
N.E.  of  St.  Albans.     It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy. 

Franklin,  Accomack  co.,  Va.    See  Franklin  City. 

Franklin,  a  post-village  of  Southampton  co.,  Va.,  on 
Blackwater  River,  and  on  the  Seaboard  &  Roanoke  Rail- 
road, 40  miles  W.S.W.  of  Norfolk.  It  has  6  churches,  a 
bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  academies,  iron-  and  metal- 
works,  and  lumber-mills.  Steamboats  ply  between  this 
place  and  Plymouth,  N.C.     Pop.  in  1890,  875. 

Franklin,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pendleton  co,  W. 
Va.,  on  the  South  Branch  of  the  Potomac  River,  about  135 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Charleston.  It  has  2  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  about  250. 

Franklin,  Iowa  co..  Wis.    See  Highland. 

Franklin,  township,  Kewaunee  co..  Wis.     Pop.  1473. 

Franklin,  township,  Manitowoc  co..  Wis.     Pop.  1822, 

Franklin,  a  hamlet  of  Milwaukee  co..  Wis.,  in  Frank- 
lin township,  4  miles  W.  of  Oakwood  Station.  Here  is 
Howard's  Prairie  Post-Office.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1823. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Sauk  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  932. 

Franklin,  a  post-village  of  Sheboygan  co..  Wis.,  in 
Herman  township,  on  the  Sheboygan  River,  12  miles  N.W. 
of  Sheboygan  City,  and  about  20  miles  S.AV.  of  Manitowoc. 
It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Franklin,  a  township  of  Vernon  co..  Wis.    Pop.  1341, 

Franklin,  a  post-village  in  Durham  co.,  Ontario,  28 
miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Port  Hope.  It  contains  2  stores, 
a  saw-mill,  and  a  shingle-mill.     Pop.  100. 

Franklin,  or  Franklin  Centre  (also  called  Man- 
ningville),  a  post-village  in  Huntingdon  co.,  Quebec,  16 
miles  W.  of  Hemmingford.     Pop.  300. 

Franklin  Bay,  on  the  N.  coast  of  North  America, 
between  Port  Fitton  and  Cape  Parry,  is  intersected  by  th« 
meridian  of  125°  AV. 

Franklin  Centre,  Lee  co.,  Iowa.    See  Franklin. 

Franklin  City,  a  post-village  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass., 
in  Franklin  and  Norfolk  townships,  on  the  New  York  <k 
New  England  Railroad  (City  Mills  Station),  24  miles  S.W.  of 
Boston.     It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  felt  goods, 

Franklin  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Accomack  co.,  Va., 
on  Chincoteague  Sound,  and  on  the  line  between  Maryland 
and  Virginia,  about  13  miles  S.  of  Snow  Hill,  with  which  it 
is  connected  by  railroad.  It  is  mainly  supported  by  th« 
oyster-business.    It  has  a  church. 

Franklin  College,  Georgia.    See  Athens. 

Franklin  College,  Ohio.    See  New  Athens. 

Franklin  College,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  David- 
son CO.,  Tenn.,  5  miles  E.  of  Nashville. 

Frankliti  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  Pa.,  18 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Erie. 

Franklin  Creek,  of  Ohio,  rises  in  Darke  co.,and  falls 
into  the  Miami  River  in  Butler  co. 

Franklin  Crossing,  post-office.  Rock  Island  co..  111. 

Frank'lindale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  on 
Towanda  Creek,  3  miles  from  Greenwood,  and  40  miles  N.E. 
of  Williamsport.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Franklin  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Franklin  township, 
Merrimack  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Merrimac  River,  and  on  the 
Northern  Railroad,  |  of  a  mile  from  Franklin  Station.  It 
has  manufactures  of  flannel,  hosiery,  &o.  P.  in  1880,  1957. 


FRA 


1218 


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FrankUn  FallSf  »  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  oo.,  N.Y., 
oa  tho  Saranao  Kiver,  about  32  luilof  W.S.W.  of  PlatU- 
hnrg.     It  has  a  hotel  and  3  ctoros. 

Fmnklin  Forgo,  a  rtation  in  Dlair  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennaylvnnia  lUiilroad  (Ilollidiiysburg  A  Williamsburg 
Branch),  II  mile*  E.  of  IlolUdaysburg. 

Frnnklin  Forks,  a  post-hamlet  of  Susquehnnna  co., 
Pa.,  in  Fmnklin  township,  about  15  wiles  S.  of  Bingham- 
ton.  N.V.     It  has  2  churolion  and  2  saw-millg. 

Frnnklin  Furnace,  Susoox  co.,  N.J.   See  Franklin. 

Franklin  Furnace,  a  post-village  of  Soioto  co.,  0., 
in  Qrccn  township,  on  the  Ohio  Uivor,  about  14  miles  above 
Portsmouth.     It  has  an  iron-furnnco  and  a  church. 

Franklin  Cirovc,  or  Franklin,  a  post-village  of  Leo 
eo.,  III.,  in  China  township,  on  the  Chicaj^o  A  Northwestern 
Railroad  (Franklin  Station),  88  miles  W.  of  Chicago,  and 
10  miles  £.  of  Dixon.  It  bos  8  churches,  n  bank,  a  high 
school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  grain-drill  factory,  and  a 
washingninohino  factory.     Pop.  in  ISQO,  736. 

Franklin  Grove,  a  hamlet  of  Page  oo.,  Iowa,  in 
Pierce  township,  on  the  East  Nishnabatona  River,  and  on 
the  liurlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of 
Red  Oak.     It  has  3  churches. 

Franklin  Iron-Works,  New  York.    See  FnASKUN. 

Frnnklin  Island,  Maine,  belongs  to  Knox  co.,  and 
lies  on  the  \V.  side  of  the  entrance  of  St.  George's  River. 
It  has  on  its  northern  end  a  brick  light-house,  which  gives 
a  flashing  light,  in  lat.  43°  53'  31"  N.,  Ion.  C9°  22'  10"  W. 

Franklin  Island,  in  the  Antarctic  Ocean.  Lat.  76° 
8'  S. ;  Ion.  168°  12'  E.     It  is  12  miles  long. 

Franklin  Island,  in  the  South  Pacific,  off  the  S. 
coast  of  Australia.     Lat.  32°  32'  S.;  Ion.  133°  35'  E. 

Franklin  Lake,  a  shallow  expanse  of  water  in  Elko 
00.,  Nevada,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  East  Humboldt  Moun- 
tains, whose  snow-clad  peaks  feed  the  springs  which  supply 
the  lake.  It  has  no  outlet :  its  waters  arc  slightly  brackish, 
and  in  them  the  tul6,  or  reed,  grows  abundantly. 

Franklin  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Des  Moines  co., 
Iowa,  in  Franklin  township,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Latty  Station, 
and  7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Burlington.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
flour-mill. 

Franklin  Mills,  a  former  name  of  Kent,  0. 

Frnnklin  Mills,  a  post-hamlct  of  Fulton  co.,  Pa.,  7 
miles  N.AV.  of  Hancock,  Md. 

Franklin,  Mt.    See  Mount  Franklin. 

Franklin  Park,  a  station  on  the  Saugus  Branch  of 
the  Eastern  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Boston,  Moss. 

Franklin  Park,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  N.J,, 
2i  miles  from  Dean's  Station,  and  about  20  miles  N.E.  of 
Trenton.     It  has  a  church  and  manufactures  of  wagons. 

Franklin  Place,  a  post-office  of  York  co.,  Va. 

Franklin's  Mill,  a  station  of  Pierce  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Brunswick  &  Albany  Railroad,  1  mile  W.  of  Schlatterville. 

Franklin's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fleming  co.,  Ky., 
10  miles  E.  of  Flemingsburg.  It  has  a  church,  2  grist- 
mills, and  a  saw-mill. 

Franklin  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Ga. 

Franklin  Square,  a  post-village  of  Columbiana  co., 
0.,  in  Salem  township,  on  the  Little  Beaver  River,  and  on 
the  Niles  A  New  Lisbon  Railroad,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Leetonia, 
and  4  miles  S.E.  of  Salem.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufac- 
tures of  carriages  and  shoes. 

Franklin's  Switch,  a  station  in  Jasper  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Jasper  County  Coal  Company's  Railway,  4i  miles  from 
Monroe,  and  12i  miles  from  Newton. 

Franklin  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coshocton  co., 
0.,  on  the  Muskingum  River  and  the  Ohio  Canal,  and  on  the 
railroad  between  Newark  and  Coshocton,  5  miles  S.  of  the 
latter.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Frank'linton,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Ky.,  about 
50  miles  N.W.  of  Lexington.     It  has  2  churches. 

Franklinton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Washington 
parish,  I^a.,  on  the  Bogue  Chitto  River,  about  66  miles  N. 
of  New  Orlenns.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  church,  an  academy, 
and  a  newsnaper  office. 

Franklinton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schoharie  eo.,  N.Y., 
about  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Albany.     It  has  a  church. 

Franklinton,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  N.C.,  in 
Franklinton  township,  and  on  the  Raleigh  &  Gaston  Rail- 
road, 27  miles  N.N.E.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  6  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  <tc.     Pop.  in  1890,  583. 

Franklinton,  a  former  village  of  Frnnklin  co.,  0.,  on 
the  west  bank  of  the  Scioto  River,  opposite  Columbus..  It 
has  been  annexed  to  that  city. 

FrankMintown,  a  post-borough  of  York  cc,  Pa.,  in 
Franklin  township,  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  llarrisburg.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  manufactory  of  farm-implements.    P.  232. 


Frank'linville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  oo.,  Md.,  about 
30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Baltimore. 

Frnnklinville,  Essex  co.,  N.J.     See  Franklin. 

Franklinvillc,  a  post-villngo  of  Fmnklin  township, 
GloupcHtor  CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  25  uiiles 
8.  of  I'hiladelphia.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  graded  school. 

Franklinville,  a  i>ost-village  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Franklinville  township,  on  Ischua  Creek,  and  on  the  Buf- 
falo, New  York  &  Philadelphia  Railroad,  60  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Buffalo.  It  has  6  churches,  2  bunks,  2  newsjinper  otlices, 
a  free  academy,  a  public  school,  a  canning-factory,  a 
oheese-box  factory,  and  manufactures  of  caskets  and  burial 
cases.     Pop.  in  1890,  1021  ;  of  the  township,  2224. 

Franklinville,  a  post-villnge  in  Franklinville  town- 
ship, Randol|)h  co.,  N.C.,  on  Deep  River,  70  miles  W.  of 
Raleigh.  It  has  a  churcli,  a  cotton-factory,  a  manufactory 
of  seamless  bags,  a  grist-mill,  <tc.     Pop.  of  township,  1528. 

Franklinville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa., 
in  Franklin  township,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Spruce  Creek  Sta- 
tion.    It  has  a  church  and  a  woollvn-mill. 

Frank  Pierce,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Iowa  City. 

Frankrcich,  Frankryk  or  Frankrijk,  Frank- 
rige,  and  Frankrike.    See  France. 

Frank's,  Racine  co..  Wis.     See  Franksville. 

Frank's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Cortland  co.,  N.Y.,  4 
miles  N.  of  Harford  Station. 

Frank's  Ferry,  apost-office  of  White  co.,  Tenn. 

Frank's  Island,  Louisiana,  is  at  the  entrance  of  the 
Mississippi  River,  by  the  N.E.  Pass.  Lat.  29°  8'  30"  N.; 
Ion.  89°  1'  24"  W. 

Frankstadt,  frUnk'stltt,  or  Frenstadt,  frin'stit,  a 
town  of  Moravia,  35  miles  E.N.E.  of  Prcrau.     Pop.  5750. 

Franks'town,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg  A  Connells- 
ville  Railroad,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

Fraukstown,  a  post-village  of  Blair  co.,  Pa.,  in  Franks- 
town  township,  on  the  Frankstown  Branch  of  the  Juniata 
River,  and  on  the  Williamsburg  Branch  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Hollidnysburg,  nnd  about 
7  miles  S.E.  of  Altoona.  It  has  2  churches,  a  blast-furnace, 
and  an  academy.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1553. 

FrankstOAvn  Branch  of  the  Juniata  rises  near 
the  northern  boundary  of  Bedford  co.,  Pa.,  runs  northwest- 
ward through  Blair  co.,  and  unites  with  the  Little  Juniuta 
about  7  miles  above  Huntingdon. 

Franks'ville,  a  post-village  in  Caledonia  township, 
Racine  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Puul 
Railroad,  19  miles  S.  of  Milwaukee,  and  9  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Racine.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  hotel.  Pop. 
about  200.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Frank's. 

Frank'ton,a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Ind.,  on  Pipe 
Creek,  in  Pipe  Creek  township,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Cin- 
cinnati A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Anderson. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  creamery, 
and  window-glass-works.     Pop.  in  1890,  520. 

Frank'town,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  co..  Col.,  on 
Cherry  Creek,  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Denver.     Pop.  250. 

Franktown,  a  post- village  of  Washoe  co.,  Nevada,  on 
the  Virginia  A  Truckee  Railroad,  21  miles  S.  of  Reno,  and 
10  miles  N.  of  Carson  City.  It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 
Silver  is  found  here.     Pop.  271. 

Franktown,  a  post-namlct  of  Northampton  co.,  Va., 
about  CO  miles  N.N.E.  of  Norfolk,  and  1  mile  from  the  ocean. 

Frank'toAvn,  a  post-village  in  Lanark  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Goodwood  Creek,  37  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  ^rockville. 
Pop.  200. 

FraRk'ville,  a  post-village  in  Frankville  township, 
Winneshiek  co.,  Iowa,  about  12  miles  S.E.  of  Decorah.  It 
has  2  churches  and  about  40  houses.     Pop.  of  townshij),  952. 

Frankville,  a  station  in  Garrett  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Biilti- 
more  A  Ohio  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Piedmont,  AV.  Va. 

Frankville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co..  Wis.,  on  Black 
River,  and  on  the  Green  Bay  A  Minnesota  Railroad,  at  Hat- 
field Station,  46  miles  W.  of  Grand  Rapids. 

Frank'ville,  a  post-village  in  Leeds  co.,  Ontario,  11 
miles  S.  of  Irish  Creek.     Pop.  200. 

Fransonia,  Illinois.    See  Franconia. 

Franzeusbrunnen,  fr4nts'§ns-bro6n  n?n,  Frnnz- 
ensbrunn,  frints'§ns-br6on'  (-'Francis'  Spring"),  or 
Franzensbad,  frints'§ns-bi\r  ("Francis'  Bath"),  a  vil- 
lage of  Bohemia,  17  miles  W.S.W.  of  Elbogen,  with  bath 
establishments  and  mineral  springs.     Pop.  1506. 

Franz-Josef  (frints'yo'z^f)  Lana,  a  designation 
comprehending  numerous  islands  and  a  supposed  mainland 
(see  ZiCHV  Land)  in  the  Arctic  Ocean,  N.  of  Nova  Zcmbla 

Frascarolo,  fris-ki-ro'lo  (L.  Fritcariolum),  a  village 
of  Italy,  30  miles  N.  of  Novara,  on  the  Po.    Pop.  1673, 


FRA 


1219 


FRE 


Frascati,fiis-ki'teo  (nnc.  Tus'culum),  a  town  of  Italy, 
12  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Rome.  It  comprises  a  modern 
cathedral,  with  monuments  to  Cardinal  York  and  his  brother 
Prince  Charles  Edward,  an  old  cathedral,  an  episcopal  pal- 
ace, formerly  a  fortress,  various  convents,  churches,  and 
fountains,  a  public  seminary,  and  many  fine  villas.  On  the 
crest  of  the  hill  near  by  are  the  remains  of  Tuncnlum,  the 
birthplace  of  Cato,  and  famous  as  the  residence  of  Cicero, 
LucuUus,  and  Majcenas.     Pop.  7045. 

Fraser,  fra'z§r,  a  post-office  of  Grand  co..  Col. 

Fraser,  a  post-village  of  Macomb  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  19  miles  N.N.E.  of  Detroit. 

Fraser,  a  township  of  Martin  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  167, 

Fraserburgh,  fra'z§r-biirVuh,  a  town  of  Scotland, 
CO.  and  37  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Aberdeen.  It  has  a  har- 
bor considered  one  of  the  best  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Scot- 
land, improved  at  a  largo  expense,  great  herring-fisheries, 
and  exports  of  grain  and  dried  fish.  Here  is  a  once  noted 
mineral  spring.     Pop.  4268. 

Fra'serpet',  Fra'serpett',  or  Kooshalnuggur, 
koo'shal-nug'gur,  a  town  of  India,  in  Coorg,  presidency  and 
290  miles  W.  of  Madras,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Cauvery. 

Fraser  (fra'z^r)  lliver,  the  largest  river  of  British  Co- 
lumbia, flows  through  that  province,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of 
Georgia  near  lat.  49°  N.  and  Ion.  122°  40'  W.,  its  course 
being  nearly  parallel  with  the  Columbia.  The  main  branch 
takes  its  rise  in  the  Rocky  Mountains,  in  lat.  5.3°  45'  N., 
ion.  118°  W.  A  few  miles  from  its  source  ft  flows  into  a 
lake  some  miles  in  length,  called  Cow-Dung  Lake,  below 
vhich,  considerably  increased  by  a  tributary  from  the  N., 
it  enters  Moose  Lake,  a  beautiful  sheet  of  water  some  nine 
miles  in  length.  Thence  the  river  continues  rapidly  to  Tete 
Jaune's  Cache,  about  630  miles  from  the  sea,  the  limit  of 
canoe  navigation  on  the  Fraser.  Between  Tote  Jaune's 
Cache  and  Fort  George  the  river  is  augmented  by  many 
tributaries,  two  of  which,  the  Mackenzie  Fork  and  Bear 
Riyer,  are  of  considerable  magnitude.  At  Fort  George,  lat. 
63°  33'  N.,  Ion.  122°  45'  W.,  an  important  branch  falls  in 
from  the  westward,  proceeding  from  the  Lakes  Stuart  and 
Fraser.  Quesnel's  River,  issuing  from  the  great  lake  of 
the  same  name,  flows  in  100  miles  lower  down.  In  the 
mountainous  region  comprised  within  the  great  bend  which 
the  Fraser  makes  between  Tete  Jaune's  Cache  and  this 
point  the  rich  gold  deposits  are  situated.  At  Lytton,  about 
180  miles  from  the  sea,  the  Fraser  is  joined  by  Thompson's 
River,  a  copious  tributary  from  the  eastward.  Yale,  at  the 
head  of  steamboat  navigation  on  the  Lower  Fraser,  is  57 
miles  lower  down,  and  New  Westminster,  the  former  capital 
of  the  mainland,  some  100  miles  below  it.  Between  Lytton 
and  Yale  the  Fraser  runs  through  some  of  the  grandest 
scenery  in  the  world,  on  each  side  heavily-timbered  moun- 
tains rising  to  a  height  of  over  3000  feet.  The  Fraser  runs 
with  a  swift  current,  and  the  steamers  employed  upon  it  are 
small,  with  powerful  engines.     Length,  over  1000  miles. 

Fraser's  (fra'z^rz)  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Pictou  co., 
Nova  Scotia,  1 7  miles  S.E.  of  Pictou.     Pop.  250. 

Fraserville,  Quebec.    See  Rivikbe  du  Loup  en  bas. 

Frasnes,  fris'nfis  or  frin,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Uai- 
naut,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Tournay.     Pop.  4100. 

Frassineto-d'Ivrea,  fris-se-ni'to-dee-vri'4,  a  vil- 
lage of  Italy,  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ivrea.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Frassinetto,  or  Frassinetto-di-Po,  fris-se-nfit'- 
to-dee-po,  a  village  of  Italy,  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Alessan- 
dria.    Pop.  2194. 

Frassino,  fris-see'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont, 
19  miles  N.W.  of  Coni.     Pop.  1730. 

Frasso,  fris'so,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  12  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Caserta.     Pop.  4137. 

Frastanz,  frils'tints,  a  village  of  Austria,  Tyrol^  on  the 
111,  4  miles  from  Feldkirchen.     Pop.  944. 

Frat,  El,  the  Turkish  name  of  the  Euphhates. 

Fratelli,  islands,  Grecian  Archipelago.    See  Adelphi. 

Fratta,  frit'ti,  a  small  town  of  Italy,  in  Umbria,  13i 
miles  N.  of  Perugia,  on  the  Tiber.     Pop.  1302, 

Fratta,  or  La  Fratta,  li  frit'tJ,,  a  village  of  North 
Italy,  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Rovigo.     Pop.  2727. 

Fratta  JMaggiore,  frit'ti  mid-jo'ri,  a  town  of  Italy, 
6  miles  N.  of  Naples.  Pop.  10,800.  Fratta  is  also  the 
name  of  a  stream  of  North  Italy,  tributary  to  the  Brenta. 

Fratte,  frit'ti,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta, 
13  miles  N.E.  of  Gaeta.     Pop.  3381. 

Fratte,  a  village  of  Central  Italy,  in  the  Marches,  16 
miles  S.E.  of  Urbino.     Pop.  1224. 

Fraubrunn,  frow'broon,  or  Frauenbrunn,  frSw'- 
?n-broon^  (L.  Fona  liea'tx  Vir'gini»,  "Fountain  of  the 
Blcssod  Virgin"),  a  village  of  Switzerland,  10  miles  N.N.E. 
•f  Bern. 


Frauenburg,  fr6w'§n-boouG\  a  town  of  Prussia,  4S 
miles  S.W.  of  Kiinigsberg,  on  the  Frische-llaff.  Pop.  2498. 
It  is  a  Catholic  bishop's  see.  Here,  in  the  cathedral  of 
Ermeland,  is  the  tomb  of  Copernicus. 

Frauenfeld,  frow'§n-ffilt\  a  town  of  Switzerland,  in 
Thurgau,  on  the  Murg,  21  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Zurich.  It 
has  cotton-mills  and  dyeing-  and  print-works.     Pop.  2936, 

Frauenkirchen,  frOw'^n-keea^K^n,  or  lioldog" 
Aszony,  boPdosh'-As'son',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co,  of 
Wieselburg,  9  miles  S.S,E,  of  Nousiedl,     Pop.  2135. 

Fraueumarkt,  frow'§n-maRKt\  a  town  of  Hungary, 
CO.  of  Ilonth,  56  miles  N.N.W.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  1400, 

Frauenstein,  frow'§n-stine\  a  town  of  Saxony,  20 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Dresden.  It  has  a  castle,  a  silver-mine,  dyo 
works,  and  linen-manufactures.     Pop.  1406. 

Fraustadt,  frow'stitt,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  and 
50  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Poscn.  It  has  a  Lutheran  and  3 
Roman  Catholic  churches,  a  college,  barracks,  an  or])han 
asylum,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  and  linen.    Pop.  6394. 

Fray  Uentos,  fri  ben'toco,  a  town  of  Uruguay,  on  tho 
Uruguay  River,  50  miles  from  its  mouth.  It  has  extensive 
slaughter-houses,  and  a  large  trade  in  beef-extract  and  other 
cattle-products, 

Frayles,  or  Los  Frayles,  loce  fri'lSs,  several  island 
groups  in  the  Caribbean  Sea,  off  the  S.  coast  of  Ilayti. 

Frayn,  a  town  of  Moravia.    See  Frain, 

Frayser,  fra'z^r,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn. 

Fra'zee  City,  a  post-village  of  Becker  co.,  Minn.,  on 
the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  and  on  the  Otter  Tail  River, 
207  miles  W.  of  Duluth.  It  bas  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill, 
and  2  hotels.     Elevation,  1409  feet. 

Fra'zer,  a  post-village  in  Fremont  township,  Buchanan 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  railroad  between  St.  Joseph  and  Plattsburg, 

15  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Joseph,     It  has  2  churches, 
Frazer,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  in  Chester 

Valley,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Hailroad,  at  the  junction  of  tho 
West  Chester  Branch,  24  miles  W,  of  Philadelphia, 

Frazer,  a  township  of  Colleton  co.,  S.C.     Pop,  1295. 

Frazer  River.    See  Frasek  River. 

Frazeysburg,  fia'zjz-biirg,  a  post-village  of  Muskin- 
gum CO.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  Canal,  16  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Zaiies- 
ville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office, 
a  planing-mill,  a  roller  flour-mill,  and  manufactures  of 
drain-tiles,  bricks,  and  building-blocks.    Pop.  in  1890,  610. 

Fra'zier's  Bottom,  post-office,  Putnam  co.,  W.  Va. 

Fra'ziersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Abbeville  co.,  S.C,  9 
miles  from  Abbeville  Court-House.     It  has  a  church. 

Frechen,  fris'^n,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  22  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Dusseldorf.  It  has  manufactures  of  earthenware. 
Pop.  3626. 

Frechenfeld,  frfiK'?n-f61t\  a  village  of  Bavaria,  in 
the  Palatinate,  S.  of  Landau.     Pop.  1277, 

Frechilla,  fri-cheel'yi,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Leon,  21 
miles  W.N.AV,  of  Valencia,     Pop,  1591, 

Freckenhorst,  frdk'k^n-hoRst^  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Westphalia,  15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Munster,     Pop,  1551, 

Fredeburg,  fri'd§h-booRG\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  West- 
phalia, 18  miles  S,S.E,  of  Arnsberg,     Pop,  872. 

Fred'eric,  or  Fred'ric,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad, 

16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ottumwa,  It  has  2  stores.  Coal  is 
mined  here  by  several  companies, 

Frederi'ca,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  Del,,  on  Mur- 
derkill  Creek,  about  12  miles  S.  of  Dover,  It  has  2 
churches,  a  high  school,  an  iron-foundry,  a  manufactory 
of  farming-implements,  and  2  fruit-canning  establishments. 
Pop.  about  750. 

Frederica,  a  village  of  Glynn  co.,  Ga.,  on  an  island  in 
the  Atlantic,  about  10  miles  N.E.  of  Brunswick. 

Frederica,  a  post-village  of  Bremer  co,,  Iowa,  in 
Frederica  township,  on  the  Wapsipinicon  River,  about  15 
miles  N.E.  of  Waverly.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  steam 
saw-mill.     Pop.  about  150;  of  the  township,  440. 

Fredericia,  frfid'^h-rish'e-S,,  or  Fridericia,  fre-d^h- 
rish'e-i,  a  seaport  town  in  Denmark,  in  Jutland,  13  miles 
by  rail  S.E,  of  Weile,  at  the  N,  entrance  of  the  Little  Belt. 
It  is  fortified.  It  contains  a  hospital  and  a  custom-house, 
and  has  some  shipping,  and  considerable  manufactures  of 
tobacco.     Pop.  7186. 

Fred'erick,  a  northern  county  of  Maryland,  bordering 
on  Pennsylvania,  has  an  area  of  about  633  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Potomac  River,  is  intersected 
by  the  Monocacy,  and  also  drained  by  Catoctin  and  Linga- 
nore  Creeks.  The  South  Mountain,  a  continuation  of  the 
Virginian  Blue  Ridge,  extends  along  the  N.W.  border  of  the 
county,  the  surface  of  which  is  hilly  or  undulating.  The  soil 
is  very  fertile.    Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  butter,  oats,  and 


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1220 


FRE 


pork  are  the  staple  product*.  The  Cntootin  range  of  moon- 
Uint  ii  situated  in  tnis  county,  to  the  W.  of  Fredoriclc,  and 
extend  from  the  S.  a  distance  of  nearly  20  miles  N.  It  has 
mines  of  copper  and  iron,  quarries  of  slate  and  abundance 
of  good  limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Western  Mary- 
land Railroad  and  the  Frederick  division  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  and  is  connected  with  market  by  the  Chesapeake 
A  Ohio  Canal.  Capital,  Frederick.  Pop.  in  1870,  47,572 ; 
in  1880,  60,482;  in  1890,  49,512. 

Frederick*  the  most  northern  county  of  Virginia,  has 
an  area  of  about  880  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
S.E.  by  Opequan  Creek,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Back  ond 
Cedar  Creeks.  This  county,  which  is  part  of  the  great  val- 
ley of  Virginia,  is  remarkable  for  the  beauty  of  its  scenery 
and  the  fertility  of  its  soil.  The  surface  is  diversified  with 
hills  and  extensive  forests.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and 
hay  ore  the  staple  products.  Good  limestone  underlies  a 
large  part  of  the  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Harper's 
Ferry  A  Valley  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad, 
and  by  the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad,  both  communica- 
ting with  Winchester,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  16,596; 
in  1880,  17,553;  in  1890.  17,880. 

Frederick,  or  Fred'ericksville,  a  post-village  in 
Frederick  township,  Schuyler  co..  III.,  on  the  W.  bank  of 
the  Illinois  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis,  Rock  Island  & 
Chicago  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Beardstown.  It  has  a 
steam  flouring-mill,  a  saw-mill,  a  town  house,  and  a  boat- 
yard. Coal  is  mined  here.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is 
Fredericksville.     Pop.  609 ;  of  the  township,  956. 

Frederick,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  is 
situated  in  a  fertile  valley,  61  miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of 
Baltimore,  and  about  44  miles  N.N.W.  of  Washington,  D.C. 
It  is  on  the  Frederick  &  Pennsylvania  Linollailroad,  and 
is  connected  with  the  Baltimore-  A  Ohio  Railroad  by  a 
branch  3  miles  long.  It  has  wide,  straight  streets,  which 
cross  one  another  at  right  angles.  The  houses  are  mostly 
brick  or  stone.  This  city  is  lighted  with  gas,  and  has  plenty 
of  good  water  derived  from  a  reservoir  which  is  supplied  by 
mountain-springs.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  fine  city 
hall,  11  churches,  the  Frederick  College,  founded  in  1797, 
a  female  seminary,  an  establishment  of  Jesuits,  4  national 
banks,  2  state  banks,  and  an  institution  for  the  deaf  and 
dumb,  founded  by  the  state.  Two  daily  and  3  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.  Frederick  has  3  tanneries, 
2  foundries,  3  steam  manufactories  of  sash,  several  flouring- 
mills,  a  palmetto-fibre  factory,  and  manufactures  of  coaches, 
bricks,  iron,  &o.     Pop.  in  1890,  8193. 

Frederick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mahoning  co.,  0.,  in  Mil- 
ton township,  on  Mahoning  River,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Canton. 

Frederick,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  in 
Frederick  township, .Similes  N.W. of Schwenksville Station 
of  the  Perkiomen  Railroad,  and  about  16  miles  N.W.  of 
Norristown.  It  has  3  churches,  a  free  school,  a  creamery, 
a  tiinnery,  and  2  grist-mills.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1850. 

Frederick,  a  post-village  of  Brown  eo.,  S.D.,  on  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  26  miles  N.  of 
Aberdeen.  It  has  2  churches,  public  schools,  a  bank,  a 
flouring-mill,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  281. 

Frederick,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  AV.  Va.,  2i 
miles  from  Cannelton  Station.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Fred'erick  Henry,  a  large  triangular  island  S.W.  of 
Papua,  and  divided  from  it  by  Marrianne  Strait,  a  deep  hut 
narrow  channel.     It  is  said  to  be  nearly  as  large  as  Sicily. 

Frederick  Junction,  in  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  3  miles  S. 
of  Frederick,  and  58  miles  W.  of  Baltimore.  Bulceville, 
Carroll  co.,  Md.,  is  sometimes  called  Frederick  Junction. 

Fredericksberg,  frid'?r-iks-bSRG',  Fredericks- 
borg,  fr6dV->l's-boRG\  or  HillerOd,  hil'l^h-rod',  a  vil- 
lage of  Denmark,  in  Seelund,  21  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of 
Copenhagen,  with  a  palace,  the  usual  summer  residence  of 
the  Danish  royal  family. 

Fred'ericksborgS  a  suburb  of  Copenhagen,  in  Den- 
mark.    Pop.  16,285.  \ 

Fred'ericksborg^,  a  citadel  of  Sweden,  15  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Stockholm,  near  the  entrance  to  its  harbor. 

Fred'ericksburg,  a  post-villnge  of  Washington  co., 
Ind.,  on  Blue  River,  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Salem,  and  24  miles 
W.N.W.  of  New  Albany.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a 
graded  school,  grist-,  saw-,  and  carding-mills,  and  manu- 
factures of  spokes.     Pop.  in  1890,  211. 

Fredericksburg, a  post-village  of  Chickasaw  CO.,  Iowa, 
about  24  miles  N.E.  of  Waverly.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  an  academy,  and  manufactures  of  wire- 
fencing.     Pop.  in  1890,  321. 

Fredericksburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Osage  co..  Mo.,  on 
Gasconade  River,  6  milei  from  its  mouth.     It  has  a  mill. 

Fredericksburg,  a  hamlet  of  Ray  co..  Mo.,  16  miles 


from  Richmond.  It  has  a  church.  Here'  is  New  Garden 
Post-Office. 

Fredericksburg,  a  hamlet  of  Warren  oo.,  0.,  in  the 
township  of  Salem.     Pop.  64. 

Fredericksburg,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  0.,  in 
Salt  Creek  township,  on  the  Cleveland,  Mount  Vernon  A 
Columbus  Railrood,  28  miles  S.W.  of  Mossillon,  and  9 
miles  S.E.  of  Woostcr.  It  has  4  churches,  a  woollen-mill,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  539. 

Fredericksburg,  a  village  of  Blair  co..  Pa.,  in  North 
Woodbury  township,  on  Clover  Creek,  2i  miles  from  Mar- 
tinsburg,  and  24  miles  S.  of  Altoona.  It  has  a  church,  a 
machine-shop,  2  grist-mills,  and  a  coach-factory.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Clover  Creek. 

Fredericksburg,  a  post-village  of  Lebanon  co.,  Pa., 
in  Bethel  township,  9  miles  N.  of  Lebanon,  and  about  30 
miles  N.E.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  4  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  bricks  and  tiles.     Pop.  in  1890,612. 

Fredericksburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Gillespie 
CO.,  Tex.,  near  a  small  affluent  of  the  Colorado,  75  miles  W. 
of  Austin.  It  has  5  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  Meth- 
odist college,  and  a  Catholic  seminary.     Pop.  (18U0)  1632. 

Fredericksburg,  a  city  of  Spottsylvania  co.,  Va.,  is 
on  the  right  or  S.  bank  of  the  Rappahannock  River,  on 
the  Richmond,  Fredericksburg  A  Potomac  Railroad,  and 
on  the  Potomac,  Fredericksburg  A  Piedmont  Railroad,  in 
a  valley  enclosed  by  hills  of  considerable  height,  61  miles 
N.  of  Richmond,  and  about  50  miles  S.S.W.  of  Washington, 
D.C.  The  city  contains  9  churches,  a  military  school,  a 
nationo^l  bank,  a  private  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
plough-factory,  a  silk-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  engine- and  ma- 
chine-works, wind-millworks,  2  cigar- factories,  a  tannery, 
2  sumacli-mills,  Ac.  The  river  affords  great  water-power. 
The  tide  ascends  the  river  to  this  place.  The  Union  Gen- 
eral Burnside  here  attacked  the  Confederate  army  in  De- 
cember, 1862,  and  was  repulsed.     Pop.  in  1890,  4628. 

Fredericksburg,  Ontario.     See  Delhi. 

I''redericksliaab,fr6d'5r-iks-hilb^  a  portof  Greenland, 
on  its  Vf.  coast,  lat.  62°  N.,  Ion.  60°"W.,  with  an  excellent 
harbor. 

Frcderickshald,  frfid'er-iks-hlld\  or  Fredericks- 
hall,  frW§r-iks-h8,ll\  a  maritime  town  of  Norway,  on  a 
small  river,  near  the  N.E.  angle  of  the  Skager-llack,  58 
miles  by  rail  S.S.E,  of  Christiania.  Pop.  9219.  It  is 
famous  for  its  strong  fortress,  Frederickstein,  at  the  siege 
of  which  Charles  XII.  of  Sweden  was  killed,  Dec.  11,1718. 
The  town  is  singularly  picturesque,  and  has  an  active  trade 
in  timber  and  iron,  and  manufactures  of  linens  and  tobacco. 

Fred'erick's  Hall,  a  post-village  of  Louisa  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Chesapeake  A  Ohio  Railroad,  50  miles  N.W.  of  Rich- 
mond.   It  has  a  churcli  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Frederick's  Oord,  fr6d'?r-iks  oad,  a  pauper  colony 
of  the  Netherlands,  in  Drenthe,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Steenwyk, 
Great  numbers  of  paupers  are  profitably  employed  here  by 
the  state  in  agricultural  occupations,  brick-making,  spin- 
ning, and  weaving. 

Fredcricksstad,  fr5d'?r-ik-stid',  or  Fredcrick- 
stadt,  frW^r-ik-stltt^  a  fortified  town  of  Norway,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Glommen,  48  miles  S.E.  of  Christiania.  It 
has  an  arsenal,  a  harbor,  and  a  tobacco-factory.   Pop.  4828. 

Fredericksstadt.    See  Fkiedrichstadt. 

Frederickstadt,  frM'§r-ik-8tid\  or  Friedrichs- 
stadt,  freed'riK8-st&t\  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Courland,  on 
the  Duna,  46  miles  S.E.  of  Riga.     Pop.  3915. 

Fredericksted,fr5d'?r-ik-8t5d\orWe8tEnd,atown 
of  the  Danish  island  of  Santa  Cruz,  in  the  West  Indies,  on 
its  W.  coast,  with  a  fort  and  a  good  roadstead.  It  was  nearly 
destroyed  hy  the  insurgents  in  1878.     Pop.  3817. 

Fredericksvarn,  Fredericksvark,  Ac.  See  Fred* 

KUIKSVAKRN,  FrKDERIKSVARK,  Ac. 

Fredericksville,  Illinois.    See  Frederick. 

Fred'ericksville,  a  post-office  of  Berks  co..  Pa. 

Fred'ericktOAvn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  Co., 
Ky.,  on  Beech  River  or  Chaplin's  Fork,  about  46  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Louisville.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Fredericktown,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Madison 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  Little  St.  Francis  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis, 
Iron  Mountain  A  Southern  Railroad,  105  miles  S.  of  St. 
Louis.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  2  steam  flouring-mills,  a 
brewery,  2  planing-mills,  a  railroad  repair-shop,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  917. 

Fredericktown  (St.  Clair  Post-Offioe),  a  hamlet  of 
Columbiana  co.,  0.,  in  St.  Clair  township,  7  miles  N.N.B.  of 
East  Liverpool.  It  has  a  church,  a  flouring-mill,  a  tannery, 
2  stores,  Ac.     Pop.  80. 

Fredericktown,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  0.,  in 
Wayne  towasiiip,  on  Vermon  River,  and  on  the  Lake  Erie 


FRE 


1221 


FRE 


division  of  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  7  miles  N.AV.  of 
Mount  Vernon.  It  has  a  bank,  3  churches,  a  union  school, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  847. 

Fredericktown,  a  hamlet  of  Miami  co.,  0.,  about  15 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Dayton.  It  has  a  church.  Here  is  Fi- 
delity Post-OfRce. 

Fredericktown,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co., 
Pa.,  in  East  Bethlehem  township,  on  the  Monongahela 
Kiver,  about  37  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg. 

Fredericktown,  Nova  Scotia.     See  Wallace. 

Fred'ericton,  a  city  and  port  of  entry  of  New  Bruns- 
wick, capital  of  the  province,  and  of  the  county  of  York,  is 
finely  situated  on  the  west  side  of  the  river  St.  John,  60 
miles  N.N.AV.  of  St.  John.  Lat.  45°  55'  N. ;  Ion.  66°  81' 
30"  W.  The  public  buildings  comprise  the  Parliament 
buildings,  the  government  house,  city  hall,  court-house, 
exhibition  building  and  rink,  barracks,  and  university. 
Fredericton  is  the  seat  of  a  Church  of  England  bishop.  The 
cathedral,  a  handsome  edifice,  is  situated  at  the  lower  end 
of  the  town.  The  St.  John  River,  which  is  here  |  of  a 
mile  wide,  is  navigable  to  this  point,  84  miles  from  the  Bay 
of  Fundy,  for  sea-going  vessels  of  120  tons.  Small  steamers 
ascend  65  miles  farther  to  Woodstock,  and  during  high 
water  to  the  Grand  Falls,  75  miles  above  Woodstock.  The 
streets  are  lighted  with  gas.  The  town  has  one  bank  and 
a  bank  agency,  1  semi-weekly  and  4  weekly  newspapers, 
a  reading-room,  several  hotels,  a  number  of  first-class  stores, 
and  manufactories  of  iron  castings,  mill-machinery,  leather, 
boots  and  shoes,  wooden-ware,  <fec.  It  is  the  chief  terminus 
of  the  Fredericton  and  New  IJrunswick  Railways.  Freder- 
icton  was  originally  called  St.  Ann's.  It  was  founded  by  Sir 
Guy  Carleton  in  1786,  shortly  after  the  erection  of  New 
Brunswick  into  a  separate  province.     Pop.  (1891)  6502. 

Fredericton  Junction.    See  Blis.sville. 

Fred'ericviile,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  Jackson,  Lansing  &  Saginaw  Railroad,  at  Forest  Sta- 
tion, 102  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bay  City.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Frederikshamn,  frfid'?r-iks-him\  or  Ilamiua,  hfl,- 
mee'ni,  a  fortified  seaport  town  of  Finland,  on  the  Gulf  of 
Finland,  63  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Viborg.     Pop.  2606. 

Frederikshavn,  fr6d'?r-iks-hown',  formerly  Flad- 
etrand,  fldd'strind,  the  most  N.  seaport  town  of  Den- 
mark, in  Jutland,  36  miles  N.N.E.  of  Aalborg,  on  the  Cat- 
tegat.  Lat.  57°  27'  1"  N. ;  Ion.  10°  33'  E.  It  is  a  railway 
terminus,  and  has  a  citadel,  light-house,  and  regular  com- 
munication with  Frederiksvaern.     Pop.  2133. 

Frederikssund,  frdd'?r-iks-soond\  a  town  of  Den- 
mark, in  Seeland,  on  Roeskilde  Fiord,  22  miles  N.W.  of 
Copenhagen.     Pop.  1308. 

Frederiksvaern,  or  Fredericksvaern,  frM'^r-iks- 
vaiRn\  a  maritime  village  and  fortress  of  Norway,  stift  of 
Aggershuus,  7  miles  S.  of  Laurvig,  on  the  Skager-Rack.  It 
has  a  harbor  and  dock-yard. 

Frederiksvark,  frfid'^r-iks-vfink^  or  Friedrichs- 
werk,  frce'driKS-\VdRk\  a  town  of  Denmark,  on  the  Ise- 
Fiord,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Copenhagen.  It  has  a  royal  resi- 
dence, fi  cannon-foundry,  a  powder-mill,  and  copper-works. 

Fre'don,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  in  Still- 
water township,  4  miles  W.  of  Newton.  It  has  a  grist-mill 
and  a  wagon-shop. 

Fredo'nia,  a  post-village  of  Chambers  co.,  Ala.,  10 
miles  N.W.  of  West  Point,  Ga.,  and  about  85  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Montgomery.     It  has  3  churches. 

Fredonia,  a  station  of  Kent  co.,  Del.,  on  the  Delaware 
Railroad,  about  54  miles  S.  of  Wilmington. 

Fredonia,  a  village  of  Williamson  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Carbondale  &  Shawncetown  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Car- 
bondale. 

Fredonia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  about  40  miles  below  New  Albany.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  about  75. 

Fredonia,  a  post-village  in  Concord  township,  Louisa 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Iowa  River,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Cedar  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  <t 
Pacific  Railroad,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Muscatine.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  broom-factory.     Pop.  123. 

Fredonia,  a  township  of  Plymouth  co.,  Iowa.   P.  278. 

Fredonia,  a  post-village,  capital  of  AVilson  co.,  Kan- 
aas,  in  Centre  township,  about  32  miles  S.W.  of  Humboldt, 
and  2  miles  N.E.  of  Fall  River.  It  has  5  churches,  2 
banks,  and  2  newspaper  ofiices.     Pop.  in  1890,  1515. 

Fredonia,  a  post-village  of  Caldwell  co.,  Ky.,  about  40 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Paducah.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy, 
and  a  plough-factory. 

Fredonia,  a  township  of  Calhoun  co.,  Mich,    Pop.  954. 

Fredonia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich., 
about  28  miles  E.  of  Jackson. 


Fredonia,  a  post-office  of  Union  co..  Miss. 

Fredonia,  a  handsome  post-village  of  Chautauqua  co., 
N.Y.,in  Pomfret  township,  on  the  Dunkirk,  Alleghany  Val- 
ley &  Pittsburg  Railroad.  3  miles  S.  of  Dunkirk,  and  about 
25  miles  N.  of  Jamestown.  It  contains  5  churches,  a  na- 
tional bank,  1  other  bank,  a  state  normal  and  training 
school,  a  city  hall,  an  o|)era-house,  a  furnace,  several 
flouring-mills,  and  manufactories  of  carriages,  felt  boots, 
and  other  felt  goods.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished here.     Pop.  in  1890,  3399. 

Fredonia,  a  post-village  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  about  32 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Columbus.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  99. 

Fredonia,  a  post-village  of  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  in  Fair- 
view  township,  on  the  Shenango  &  Alleghany  Railroad,  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Greenville,  and  6i  miles  N.  of  Mercer.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  tannery,  &c. 

Fredonia,  or  VVau^beck'a,  a  post-village  of  Ozaukee 
CO.,  AVis.,  in  Fredonia  township,  on  the  Milwaukee  River, 
and  on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  36  miles  N.  of  Mil- 
waukee. It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  manufac- 
tures of  flour,  lumber,  ploughs,  pumps,  sash,  Ac.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1916. 

Fredric,  a  post-office  of  Iowa.    See  Frederic. 

Free'born,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Minnesota,  bor- 
dering on  Iowa,  has  an  area  of  720  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Shell  Rock  River,  which  rises  in  it,  and  by 
small  affluents  of  the  Mankato  River,  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating, and  is  diversified  with  prairies,  groves,  and  nu 
merous  small  lakes.  The  soil  is  fertile.  AVheat,  oats,  hay, 
Indian  corn,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  & 
Northern  Railro.ad,  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  and  the  Minneapolis  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad,  all 
of  which  pass  through  Albert  Lea,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  10,578;  in  1880,  16,069;  in  1890,  17,962. 

Freeborn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Freeborn  co.,  Minn.,  in  a 
township  of  the  same  name,  on  a  little  lake  named  Free- 
born, about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Albert  Lea.  It  has  2  general 
stores.     Pop.  89  ;  of  the  township,  515. 

Freeborn,  a  township  of  Dunklin  co..  Mo.    Pop.  1860. 

Free'burg,  a  post-village  of  St.  Clair  oo.,  III.,  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Alton  &  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  8  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Belleville.  It  has  4  churches,  4  public  schools,  and  2  flour- 
mills.     Coal  is  mined  near  this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  848. 

Freeburg,  n  post-hamlet  of  Houston  co.,  Minn.,  about 
16  miles  S.W.  of  La  Crosse,  Wis.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a 
saw-mill. 

Freeburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stark  co.,  0.,  in  Wash- 
ington township,  about  12  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Canton.  Near 
it  are  several  churches. 

Freeburg,  a  post-village  of  Snyder  co.,  Pa.,  3  miles  S. 
of  Kreamer  Station,  and  about  25  miles  S.W.  of  Danville. 
It  contains  2  churches,  an  academy,  a  musical  college,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  tannery,  a  cigar-factory,  and  a  coach- 
shop.     Pop.  about  700. 

Frce'dom,  a  township  of  Carroll  co..  111.     Pop.  811. 

Freedom,  a  post-hamlet  of  La  Salle  co..  111.,  in  Free- 
dom township,  about  75  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chicago.    It  haa 

2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1262. 
Freedom,  a  village  of  Monroe  co..  111.,  15  miles  S.  of 

Belleville.     Here  is  Hecker  Post-Office.   It  has  a  flour-mill, 

3  general  stores,  and  2  w.agon-shops. 

Freedom,  a  post-village  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
AVest  Fork  of  White  River,  and  on  the  Indianapolis  &  Vin^ 
cennes  Railroad,  62  miles  S.W.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  stave-factory. 

Freedom,  a  hamlet  of  Lucas  co.,  Iowa,  in  Warren 
township,  8  miles  S.  of  Chariton. 

Freedom,  a  township  of  Palo  Alto  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  300. 

Freedom,  a  township  of  Bourbon  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
1017.     It  contains  Glendale  and  Fort  Lincoln. 

Freedom,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas. 

Freedom,  a  township  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  596. 

Freedom,  a  post-village  of  Barren  co.,  Ky.,  11  miles 
S.  of  Glasgow.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  tobacco  factory. 

Freedom,  a  post-village  of  AValdo  co..  Me.,  in  Free- 
dom township,  3  miles  from  Thorndike  Station,  and  about 
18  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Belfast.  It  has  a  church,  a  woollen- 
mill,  a  tannery,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  716. 

Freedom,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  4  miles 
N.  of  Sykesville  Railroad  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Freedom,  a  post-office  of  Cheboygan  co.,  Mich. 

Freedom,  a  township  of  AVashtenaw  co.,  Mich.  P.  1142. 

Freedom,  a  township  of  AVaseca  co.,  Minn.  Pop.  914. 
It  contains  Alma  City. 

Freedom,  a  hamlet  of  Lafayette  co.,  Mo.,  about  30 
miles  AV.N.AV.  of  SedaUa. 


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Frccdom«ato«rothip  of  Lafltyetto  oo.,  Mo.   Pop.  256». 

Freedom,  »  post-towaship  of  Curroll  co„  N.II.,  ia 
bounded  on  tho  S.bj  Oasipw  Lake  and  Onip«e  River.  It 
kaa  3  ohurohM,  a  laringt-Dank,  and  manufacturet  of  oar- 
riMraa,  Ae.     Pop.  737. 

Freedom,  a  township  of  CattaranguB  CO.,  N.T.  Pop. 
1341.     It  oontnins  KIton. 

Freedom,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  0.  Pop.  812.  It 
eontains  Freoiloin  Mills. 

Freedom,  a  j>ost-ofBce  of  Portnge  co.,  0.,  in  Freedom 
township,  about  24  miles  N.K.  of  Akron.  The  township 
has  2  churches  and  4  cheese-factories.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 781.  Free<lom  Station,  on  the  Atlantic  and  Great 
Wo.'torn  Railroati,  is  6  miles  N.E.  of  Ravenna. 

Freedom,  a  township  of  Wood  co.,  0.,  traversed  by 
Portage  Hivcr.     Pop.  1089.     It  contains  Now  Rochester. 

Freedom,  a  post-office  of  Coos  co.,  Oregon. 

Freedom,  a  township  of  Adams  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Mary- 
land line.     Pop.  44'J. 

Freedom,  a  post-borough  of  Beaver  oo..  Pa.,  on  the 
right  or  N.  bank  of  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  Pittsburg, 
Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago  Railroad,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Pitts- 
burg, and  2  miles  S.E.  of  Rochester.  It  has  a  bank,  5 
churches,  an  oil-refinery,  2  flre-brick-kilns,  a  boat-yard,  a 
grist-mill,  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  704. 

Freedom,  a  township  of  Blair  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1020.  It 
contains  McKeo's  Gap. 

Freedom,  a  village  of  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  in  Rockland 
township,  1 4  miles  from  Rockland  Station.    It  has  a  church. 

Freedom,  a  post-township  of  Outagamie  co..  Wis.,  10 
miles  N.K.  of  Appleton.     It  has  6  churches.     Pop.  1581. 

Freedom,  a  township  of  Sauk  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  1057. 

Freedom  Centre,  a  post-ofiSee  of  La  Salle  co..  111. 

Freedom  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  0.,  in 
Freedom  township,  about  40  miles  W.S.W.  of  Toledo.  It 
has  a  church. 

Freedom  Plains,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y., 
in  La  Grange  township,  2  miles  from  Billings  Station, 
which  is  20  miles  N.E.  of  Newburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Freedom  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Portage  co.,  0., 
on  the  Atlantic  &  Great  AVestern  Railroad,  6  miles  N.E.  of 
Ravenna. 

Free  Hill,  a  post-oflBco  of  Washington  co.,  Tenn.,  10 
miles  N.  of  Jonesborough. 

Free'hold,  formerly  Monmouth  Court-Honse, 
a  post-village,  capital  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  and  on  the 
Freehold  <fc  Jamesburg  Railroad,  11  miles  S.E.  of  James- 
burg,  18  miles  W.  of  Long  Branch,  and  25  miles  (direct) 
E.  of  Trenton.  It  contains  6  churches,  H  national  banks, 
the  Freehold  Institute  for  boys,  a  seminary  for  ladies,  a 
graded  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  an  iron-foundry. 
Here  occurred  an  indecisive  battle,  called  the  battle  of  Mon- 
mouth Court-IIouse,  between  Washington  and  the  British, 
June  28,  1778.     Pop.  in  1890,  2932. 

Freehold,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Green- 
ville township,  on  Catskill  Creek,  about  30  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Albany,     It  nas  1  or  2  grist-mills,  a  nursery,  <fec. 

Freehold,  or  Wrights'ville,  a  post-village  of  War- 
ren CO.,  Pa.,  in  Freehold  township,  on  the  Atlantic  &  Great 
Western  Railroad,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Corry.  It  has  a  church, 
a  grist-mill,  and  a  steam  stave-factory.  The  name  of  its 
post-office  is  Freehold.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1316. 

Free'land,  a  post-office  of  Clear  Creek  co.,  Colorado. 

Freeland,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  co.,  111. 

Freeland,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Baltimore  co., 
Md.,  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  34  miles  N.  of  Bal- 
timore, and  near  the  Pennsylvania  line. 

Freeland,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Saginaw  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Flint  &  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  at  the  vil- 
lage of  Tittabawassee. 

Freeland,  a  post-office  of  Carter  co.,  Mo. 

Freeland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.,  7  miles 
N.W.  of  Cumberland  Station. 

Freeland,  a  post- village  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  16  miles 
by  railroad  N.W.  of  Penn  Haven.     Pop.  in  1880,  624. 

Freeland,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.     See  Colleoevillr. 

Free'landville,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Widner  township,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Vincennes.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  wagon-factory. 

Freel'ton,  a  post-village  in  Wentworth  co.,  Ontario,  12 
miles  N.W.  of  Hamilton.     Pop.  150. 

Freeman,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pratt  co.,  Kansas,  30  miles 
from  Sterling  Railroad  Station. 

Freeman,  a  post-township  of  Franklin  oo..  Me.,  about 
14  miles  N.  of  Farmington.     Pop.  608. 

Freeman,  a  township  of  Freeborn  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Iowa  line.     Pop.  811. 


Freeman,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co..  Mo.,  in  Dolan 
township,  on  the  Osage  division  of  the  Missouri,  Knnsns  <k 
Texas  Railroad,  74  miles  W.  of  Scdalia.  It  has  2  churches, 
ft  flour-mill,  and  a  money-order  post-office.     Pop.  157. 

Freeman,  a  post-village  of  Hutchinson  co.,  8.D., 
about  11  miles  by  rnil  S.W.  of  Marion  Junction.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  bank,  &e.     Pop.  about  500. 

Freeman's,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  N.C.    P.  1318. 

Free'mansburg,  a  post-borough  of  Northampton  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh  Hivcr,  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad, 
and  on  the  Lehigh  A  Susquehanna  Railroad,  9  miles  S.W. 
of  Easton,  and  2  or  3  miles  N.E.  of  Bethlehem.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  manufactory  of  toilet-sonp  and  candle* 
Pop.  643. 

Freeman's  Landing,  a  village  of  Hancock  co., 
W.  Va.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  opposite  Sloan's  Station,  Ohio 
It  has  a  church  and  3  manufactories  of  fire-bricks. 

Freeman's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Guilford  co.,  N.C, 
6  miles  S.E.  of  Jamestown  Station. 

Freeman's  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  in  lat.  .39" 
16'  32"  N.,  Ion.  105°  21'  45"  W.  It  is  4  miles  from  Vir- 
ginia Mountain,  and  has  an  altitude  of  10,600  feet. 

Freeman's  Run,  a  post-office  of  Potter  co..  Pa. 

Free'mansville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Milton  co.,  Ga.,  20 
miles  N.E.  of  Marietta.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Free'mantle,  or  Fre'mantle,  a  town  of  Western 
Australia,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Swan  River,  12  miles  S.  of 
Perth.  Lat.  32°  6'  S. ;  Ion.  115°  40'  E.  It  has  a  convict 
prison  and  a  government  building.     Pop.  4000. 

Free'manton,  a  post-hamlct  of  Effingham  co..  III., 
on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  <t  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  8  mileii 
W.S.W.  of  Effingham. 

Free  Negro  Bend.    See  jEPFEnsox  Station,  La. 

Free'o,  or  Fre'co,  a  post-office  of  Ouachita  co..  Ark. 

Free'port,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sacramento  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Sacramento  River,  7  miles  S.  of  Sacramento  City. 

Freeport,  a  post-village  of  Walton  co.,  Fla.,  on 
Choctawhatchee  Ba}',  at  the  head  of  navigation,  about  75 
miles  E.  of  Pensacola.  It  has  3  churches,  a  lumber-mill, 
and  a  boat-yard.     Pop.  about  300. 

Freeport,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Stephenson  co.,  111.,  on 
the  Pecatonica  River,  at  the  crossing  of  two  railroads,  70 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Dubuque,  35  miles  N.  of  Di.xon,  and  121 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Chicago.  It  is  at  the  W.  terminus  of  a 
division  of  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  and  is 
28  miles  W.  of  Rockford.  It  contains  a  court-house,  15 
churches,  2  national  banks,  3  other  banks,  a  high  school, 
Freeport  College  of  Commerce,  and  manufactures  of  hard- 
ware, cigars,  soda-water,  mustard,  windmills,  carriages,  and 
spring-wagons.  Three  daily  and  5  weekly  newspapers  are 
published  here.     Pop.  in  1880,  8516;  in  1890,  10,189. 

Freeport,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.,  in  Han- 
over township,  on  Blue  River,  2  miles  from  Morristown 
Stati<m,  and  about  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has 
a  church,  a  woollen-factory,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  planing-mill, 

Freeport,  a  post-village  of  Winneshiek  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Upper  Iowa  River,  3  miles  E.  of  Decorah.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  paper-mill. 

Freeport,  a  post- village  in  Freeport  township  (which  is 
on  Casco  Bay),  Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  and  on  the  Maine 
Central  Railroad,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Portland.  It  has  3 
churches.  Ship-building  is  the  most  important  business 
of  this  place,  and  it  has  several  vessels  employed  in  the 
coasting-trade  and  fisheries.  Pop.  about  600  ;  of  the  town 
ship,  2457. 

Freeport,  a  post-village  in  Irving  township,  Barry  co., 
Mich.,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Hastings.  It  has  1  or  2  churches, 
a  union  school,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  200. 

Freeport,  a  post-village  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Hemp- 
stead township,  on  the  South  Side  Railroad,  24  miles  E.S.E, 
of  Brooklyn.  It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy.  Oysters 
and  fish  are  exported  from  this  place.     Pop.  in  1880,  1217. 

Freeport,  an  incorporated  post-village  in  Freeport 
township,  Harrison  co.,  0.,  on  Stillwater  Creek,  about  45 
miles  S.  of  Canton.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a 
bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  672. 

Freeport,  Warren  co.,  0.     See  Orego.x. 

Freeport,  a  village  of  Wood  co.,  0.,  in  Montgomery 
township,  2  miles  from  Bradner  Station,  which  is  24  miles 
S.  of  Toledo.  It  has  3  churches.  The  name  of  its  post- 
office  is  Prairie  Depot. 

Freeport,  a  post-borough  of  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.,  in  a 
valley,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Alleghany  River,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Kiskiminetas,  and  at  the  mouth  of  Bufi"aIo 
Creek.  It  is  on  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad  and  the 
Western  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  29  miles  N.E.  of  Pitts- 
burg, and  14  miles  S.W.  of  Kittanning.     It  contains  10 


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cburches,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  a  newspaper  oflSce, 
a  foundry,  a  tannery,  a  planing-mill,  and  a  manufactory 
of  flannel.     Pop.  1640. 

Freeport,  Greene  co..  Pa.    See  New  Freeport. 

Frceport,  a  post-office  of  Gloucester  co.,  Va. 

Freeport,  a  post-village  of  Cowlitz  co.,  AVashington,  on 
the  Cowlitz  River,  and  on  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  at 
■Wallace  Station.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Free'port,  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
Grand  River,  4  miles  E.S.E.  of  Berlin.     Pop.  100. 

Freeport,  Nova  Scotia.     See  Long  Islasd. 

Free^shade',  a  post-office  of  Middlesex  co.,  Va. 

Free  Soil,  a  post-township  of  Mason  co.,  Mich.,  about 
15  miles  N.E.  of  Ludington.     Pop.  214. 

Free'stone,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of 
Texas,  has  an  area  of  about  820  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  Trinity  River,  and  is  drained  by 
Tahuacano  Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating  ;  the 
Boil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are 
Etiiples.  The  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railway  traverses 
the  N.  portion  of  the  county.  Capital,  Fairfield.  Pop.  in 
1870,8139;  in  1880,  14,921;  in  1890,  15,987. 

Freestone,  a  post-village  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
North  Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  66  miles  N.N.W.  of  San  Fran- 
cisco.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  saw-mill. 

Freestone,  Scioto  co.,  0.    See  Buexa  Vista. 

Freestone,  a  post-office  of  Prince  William  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  railroad  between  Alexandria  and  Fredericksburg. 

Free'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Ind.,  about 
60  miles  S.  of  Indianapolis. 

Freetown,  a  post-village  of  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Freetown  township,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  45  miles 
S.  of  Boston,  and  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Fall  River.  The  town- 
ship is  also  traversed  by  the  Taunton  &  New  Bedford  Rail- 
road, and  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  mannfac- 
torii's  of  guns  and  nails.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1417. 

Freetown,  a  township  of  Cortland  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  866. 
The  name  of  the  post-office  is  Freetown  Corners. 

Free'town,  a  post-village  in  Prince  co.,  Prince  Edward 
Island,  10  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Summerside.     Pop.  150. 

Free'town,  or  Saint  George,  a  town  of  West 
Africa,  capital  of  the  British  colony  of  Sierra  Leone,  on  its 
W.  coast.  Lat.  8°  27'  N.;  Ion.  13°  14'  W.  It  is  enclosed 
lnndward  by  an  amphitheatre  of  mountains,  is  regularly 
built,  mostly  of  wood,  and  has  various  schools,  government 
offices,  and  barracks,  a  theatre,  and  around  it  many  Euro- 
pean country-houses.     Pop.  18,035. 

Freetown  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cortland  co., 
N.Y.,  40  miles  S.  of  Syracuse.     It  has  2  churches.     P.  125. 

Free  Union,  yun'yiin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Webster  co., 
Ky.,  4  miles  W.  of  Dixon.     It  has  a  church. 

Free  Union,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albemarle  co.,  Va.,  9 
miles  N.  of  Ivy  Depot.     It  has  a  church. 

Free'ville,  a  post-village  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Dryden  township,  on  the  Southern  Central  Railroad  where 
it  crosses  the  Utica,  Ithaca  &  Elmira  Railroad,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Scipio  Branch  of  the  latter  road,  10  miles  N.E. 
of  Ithaca,  It  has  a  church,  a  cheese-factory,  a  grist- 
mill, <fec. 

Free'water,  a  post-office  of  Harlan  co..  Neb. 

Free  Will,  a  post-office  of  Osborne  co.,  Kansas. 

Fregellse,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Poxtecorvo, 

FregelltE,  the  ancient  name  of  Cepraso. 

Fregenal  de  la  Sierra,  fri-ni-nil'  di  15,  se-fiR'R5., 
a  town  of  Spain,  39  miles  S.E.  of  Badajos.  Pop.  6948.  It 
has  tan-yards,  and  manufactories  of  linens  and  leather. 

Fregionaja,  fri-jo-nS,'y5,  a  village  of  Italy,  6  miles 
W.  of  Lucca.     It  has  a  monastery,  founded  in  1107. 

Freiamt,  fri'imt,  a  town  of  Baden,  circle  and  4  miles 
E.  of  Emmendingen.     Pop.  2019. 

Freiberg,  or  Freyberg,  fri'bSnG,  a  town  of  Saxony, 
capital  of  its  mining  district,  20  miles  S. W.  of  Dresden,  near 
the  Mulde,  at  the  junction  of  several  railways.  Pop.  27,038. 
It  is  enclosed  by  ancient  fortifications,  and  has  a  fine  cathe- 
dral, with  some  remarkable  monuments  and  works  of  art, 
an  orphan  asylum,  a  gymnasium,  burgher  school,  Ac,  and 
outside  of  the  town  is  the  old  cathedral  of  Freudenstein. 
It  is  the  seat  of  the  administration  of  mines  and  foundries 
for  the  kingdom,  and  of  a  famous  mining  academy.  In 
the  vicinity  are  numerous  mines  of  silver,  copper,  lead, 
cobalt,  &c. ;  the  principal  is  the  Himmelsfiirst,  one  of  the 
most  productive  silver-mines  in  Europe.  Freiberg  has 
also  flourishing  manufactures  of  gold  and  silver  lace,  wool- 
len cloths  and  cassimeres,  and  some  extensive  breweries. 

Freiburg,  or  Freyburg,  fri'booRG,  a  city  of  the 
grand  duchy  of  Baden,  on  the  Treisam,  at  a  railway 
junction,  75  miles  S.S.W.  of  Carlsruhc.     Pop.,  including 


suburbs,  41,310.  It  is  well  built,  and  its  cathedral,  with 
a  spire  380  feet  in  height,  is  one  of  the  noblest  Gothic  edi- 
fices in  Germany.  The  other  principal  buildings  are  the 
grand  ducal  and  archbishop's  palaces,  3  hospitals,  custom- 
house, exchange,  Ac.  The  university,  founded  about  1454, 
and  famous  as  a  school  of  Roman  Catholic  theology,  has 
about  375  students.  The  town  has  numerous  museums,  a 
botanic  garden,  a  gymnasium,  a  school  of  forest  economy, 
Herder's  Institute  of  Arts,  various  other  public  schools,  and  a 
library  of  250,000  volumes.  Its  chief  sources  of  prosperity 
are  its  university  and  other  public  establishments ;  but  it 
has  also  manufactures  of  bells,  chiccory,  chemicals,  leather, 
potash,  gunpowder,  and  paper. 

Freiburg,  fri  b55RG,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  36 
miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Breslau.  It  has  manufactures  of 
linen  and  tobacco.     Pop.  7821. 

Freiburg,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  18  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Stade,  with  a  port  on  the  Elbe.     Pop.  2310. 

Freiburg,  frl'booRG,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  of 
Saxony,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Merseburg.     Pop.  2914. 

Freiburg,  a  canton  of  Switzerland.    See  Freyburg. 

Freiburg,  fri'burg,  a  post-village  in  AVaterloo  co.,  On- 
tario, 4i  miles  N.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  100. 

Freiburg  in  Uechtland.    See  Freybuhg. 

Freicho,  a  village  of  Portugal.    See  Freixo. 

Freidensburg,  Pennsylvania.    See  Friedessburo. 

Freienohl,  fri'§h-nor,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  West- 
phalia.    Pop.  1100. 

Freiensern,  fri'?n-sSRn\  a  town  of  Hesse,  in  Ober- 
Hessen,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Hungen,  on  the  Seebach.     Pop.  721. 

Freienwalde,  fri'en-^ard^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Brandenburg,  40  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Berlin.  It  has  min- 
eral springs,  lignite-mines,  and  manufactures  of  alum  and 
glauber  salts.     Pop.  6011. 

Freienwalde,  or  Neu  (noi)  Freienwalde,  a  town 
of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  32  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Stettin.  It 
has  manufactures  of  cloths.     Pop.  2293. 

Freihan,  fri'h&n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  38  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  521. 

Freiheit,  fri'hite,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  the  Aupe, 
25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Gitschin.     Pop.  1167. 

Freinsheim,  frins'hime,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Bavaria, 
22  miles  N.E.  of  Landau.     Pop.  2107. 

Freising,  fri'zing,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Tsar,  20 
miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Munich.  It  has  breweries  and  to- 
bacco-factories, a  cathedral,  a  normal  school  and  priests' 
seminary,  and  the  sec-house  of  the  Archbishop  of  Munich. 

Freistadt,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Freystadt. 

Freistadt,  or  Freystadt,  fri'stitt,  a  town  of  Prus- 
sia, in  Silesia,  23  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Glogau.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  woollens.     Pop.  3833. 

Freistadt,  a  town  of  Western  Prussia,  16  miles  S.E. 
of  Marienwerder.     Pop.  2564. 

Freistadt,  fri'statt,  a  post-office  of  Ozaukee  co.,  AVis. 

Freiwaldau,  fri'*ird3w,  a  town  of  Austrian  Silesia, 
40  miles  by  rail  AV.N.AV.  of  Troppau.  It  has  a  castle,  and 
manufactures  of  cloth,  paper,  and  chemicals.     Pop.  5242. 

Freixo  (or  Freicho)  de  Numiio,  fri'sho  dh  noo- 
mCwNo',  a  village  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  40  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Viseu.     Pop.  776. 

Freixo  (or  Freicho)  d'Espada-a-Cinta,  frA'sho 
dSs-pi'dil-i-seen'tA,  a  village  of  Portugal,  in  Tras-os-Mon- 
tes,  50  miles  S.  of  Braganza,  and  near  the  Douro.     P.  1935. 

Fr6jus,  fri^zhiice'  (anc.  Fo'rum  Ja'lhim,  or  Fv'rum 
Ju'lti),  a  town  of  France,  in  Var,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Dragui- 
gnan.  It  has  a  cathedral,  episcopal  palace,  and  remains  of 
Roman  walls.  Frcjus  is  on  the  sea-coast,  and  on  the  rail- 
way between  Nice  and  Toulon.     Pop.  2791. 

Fre'lighsburg,  a  post- village  of  Quebec,  capital  of  the 
CO.  of  Missisquoi,  on  Pike  River,  near  the  A'ermont  line, 
10  miles  E.  by  N.  of  St.  Armand.  It  contains  3  hotels,  6 
stores,  a  printing-office,  a  tannery,  and  several  mills  and 
factories.     It  is  a  port  of  entry.     Pop.  621. 

Frelinghuysen,free'ling-hi*z§n,  a  township  of  AA''arren 
CO.,  N.J.     Pop.  1113.     It  contains  Paulina,  <fec. 

F  re  Is 'burg,  a  post- village  of  Colorado  co.,  Tex.,  12 
miles  N.  of  Columbus,  and  about  68  miles  AV.  of  Houston. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  200. 

Fremantle,  Australia.    See  Freemantle. 

Fre^mont',  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Colorado, 
has  an  area  estimated  at  1600  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Arkansas  River,  and  traversed  by  a  branch  of  the 
Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railroad.  The  surface  is  diversified 
by  deep  canons  and  grand  mountain-scenery.  The  soil  of 
the  valleys  is  fertile.  The  highlands  produce  forests  of 
evergreen  trees,  among  which  are  several  species  of  fir  and 
pine.    A  mine  of  good  coal  or  lignite  has  been  opened  in 


FBI 


1224 


FRE 


tbii  county,  wbieh  also  haa  mines  of  copper  and  silver. 
Gapitni,  CHflon  Cit/.  Pop.  in  1870,  IUC4;  in  18SU,  4736; 
in  1800,  Oljft. 

Fremont*  th«  most  >oat)iwest«m  county  of  Iowa,  l)or- 
ders  ou   Missouri.     Area,  about  600  square  miles.     It  is 
bvunded  on  tbe  W.  by  the  Missouri  River,  and  is  drained 
by  tbe  Eust  nnd  West  Branches  of  the  Nishnabntoim  River, 
which  unite  near  the  middle  of  tbe  county.    The  surface  is 
diventifled  with  prairies  and  groves.     The  suit  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  interfocted  by  the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  A 
Counoil  Bluffs  Railroad,  and  a  branch  of  the  Burlifigton  & 
Missouri  River  Railroad.    Capital,  Sidney.     Pop.  in  1870, 
11,174;  in  1880,  17,052;  in  1890,  16,842. 
Fremont,  a  township  of  Lake  cc.  111.     Pop.  10G5. 
Fremont,  a  post-villsge  of  Steuben  co.,  Ind.,  in  Fre- 
mont township,  and  on  the  Fort  Wayne,  Jackson  &,  Saginaw 
Railroad,  60   miles   N.N.E.   of   Fort  Wayne.     It   has   6 
ehurcbes,  a  bank,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  carringe- 
shon.     Pop.  in  1890,  672;  of  the  township  1372. 
h  remont,  a  township  of  Benton  co.  Iowa.     Pop.  897. 
Fremont,  a  township  of  Bremer  co.,  Iowa,  traversed 
by  the  Wapsipinicon  River.     Pop.  1042. 

Fremont,  a  township  of  Buchanan  co.,  Iowa.     Pop. 
766.     It  contains  Ward's  Comers  and  Winthrop. 
Fremont,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  778. 
Fremont,  a  township  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  907. 
It  includes  Stiinwood. 

-    Fremont,  a  township  of  Clarke  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  727. 
Fremont,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  827. 
Fremont,  a  township  of  Hamilton  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  510. 
Fremont,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Iowa 
River.     Pop.  1186. 

Fremont,  a  post-village  of  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa,  in  Cedar 
township,  14  miles  N.  of  Ottumwa.     It  has  3  churches,  a 
bank,  a  brick-  and  tile-factory,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Fremont,  a  township  of  Page  co.,  Iowa.    pop.  1040. 
Fremont,  a  township  of  Winneshiek  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Minnesota  line.     Pop.  692.     It  contains  Plymouth  Rock. 

Fremont,  a  post-township  of  Lyon  co.,  Kansas,  near 

the  Neosho  River,  6  miles  N.  of  Emporia.     Pop.  1148. 

Fremont,  a  township  of  Isabella  CO.,  Mich.    Pop.  1176. 

Fremont,  a  post-village  of  Newaygo  co.,  Mich.,  24 

miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Muskegon.    It  has  7  churches,  a  bank, 

a  high  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  1097. 

Fremont,  a  township  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  1921. 
It  contains  Mayville. 

Fremont,  a  hamlet  of  Freeborn  co.,  Minn.,  about  6 
miles  W.  of  Albert  Lea. 

Fremont, apost-townshipofWinonaco.,  Minn.  P.  798, 
Fremont,  a  post-office  of  Clarke  co..  Mo. 
Fremont,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Dodge  co.,  Neb.,  on 
the  left  or  N.  bunk  of  the  Platte  River,  and  on  the  Union 
Paci6c  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  th^  Sioux  City  & 
Pacific  Railroad,  47  miles  W.N.W.  of  Omaha,  nnd  25  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Blair.  Elevation,  1176  feet.  It  contains  a  court- 
house, 12  churches,  a  high  school,  4  banks,  and  3  superior 
brick  hotels.  Three  daily  newspapers  are  published  here. 
Fremont  is  an  important  market  for  grain,  and  has  2  grnin- 
elevators,  a  brewery,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  butter, 
cigars,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  6747. 

Fr-emont,  a  post-township  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.II., 
about  28  miles  S.E.  of  Concord,  and  on  the  Nashua  &  Roches- 
ter Railroad,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Nashua.  It  has  2  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  barrels,  carriages,  lumber,  mattresses, 
woven  wire,  and  spring  rocking-chairs.  Pop.  726. 
Fremont,  a  township  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  1047. 
Fremont,  a  township  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Delaware  River.  Pop.  2168.  It  contains  Fremont  Centre, 
Long  Eddy,  and  Hankins. 

Fremont,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  N.C.,  11  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Qoldsborough.  It  has  3  churches,  a  normal 
school,  a  coach-factory,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  steam  saw- 
mill.    Pop.  about  400. 

Fremont,  a  township  of  Cavalier  co.,  N.D.  Pop.  in 
1890,  408. 

Fremopt,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Sandusky  co.,  0.,  on 
Sandusky  River,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad  at  its 
junction  with  the  Lake  Erie  &  Louisville  Railroad  30  miles 
6.B.  of  Toledo,  88  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Cleveland,  and  about 
24  miles  W.S.W.  of  Sandusky  City.  Stearaboiits  can  ascend 
the  river  to  this  place,  which  is  at  the  head  of  navigation. 
It  contains  9  or  10  churches,  a  national  bank,  2  private 
banks,  a  savings-bank,  a  high  school,  13  public  school 
buildings,  a  Catholic  industrial  school,  large  carbon- 
works,  and  manufactures  of  cigars,  bolt-  and  nut-machines, 
■bears,  carriages   and   carriage  hardware,  bricks,  paper, 


boilers,  shirts,  lime,  and  agricultural  implements.  It  has 
3  bridges  across  the  Sandusky.  One  daily  and  4  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  7141. 

Fremont,  a  post-office  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  about  25 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Lancaster. 

Fremont,  a  post-hamlet  of  Obion  co.,  Tenn.,  8  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Union  City.  It  has  a  church. 
Fremont,  a  township  of  Clark  co.,  Wis.  Pop.  104. 
Fremont,  a  post-village  of  Waupaca  co.,  Wis.,  in  Fre- 
mont township,  and  on  tfce  navigable  Wolf  River,  about  26 
miles  N.W.  of  Oshkosh,  2i  miles  from  Dale  Station.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and 
several  stores.     Pop.  about  600  ;  of  the  township,  868. 

Fremont  Basin.    See  Ghkat  Basin. 

Fremont  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co.,  IlL 

Fremont  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Newaygo  co., 
Mich.,  in  Dayton  and  Sheridan  townships,  on  Fremont 
Lake,  and  on  the  Big  Rapids  Branch  of  the  Chicago  <fc 
Michigan  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  23  miles  N.E.  of  Muske- 
gon, and  9  miles  N.W.  of  Newaygo.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  5  lumber-mills,  a  flour- 
mill,  a  tannery,  a  stave-factory,  Ac.     Pop.  about  900. 

Fremont  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Fremont  township,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Hankins  Station,  and 
about  22  miles  N.N.E.  of  Honesdale,  Pa.  It  has  2  churchei 
and  a  brewery. 

Fremont  City,  a  village  of  Scott  township,  Fremont 
CO.,  Iowa. 

Fremont  Peak,  Wyoming,  is  a  granitic  peak  of  the 
Wind  River  Mountains,  near  lat.  43°  28' N.  Its  altitude  is 
13,576  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  It  was  named  in  honor 
of  General  John  C.  Fremont,  who  first  explored  and  meas- 
ured it.  Its  sides  are  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  and  its 
summit  with  perpetual  snow. 

Fre'mont's  Or'chard,  a  post-office  of  Weld  co..  Col. 

Frenay-le-Vicomte,  France.    See  Fresnay. 

French,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  824. 

French  Bar,  a  post-office  of  Lewis  and  Clarke  co., 
Montana. 

French  Broad,  a  post-office  of  Buncombe  co.,  N.C. 

French  Broad  River  rises  in  the  Blue  Ridge  in  the 
W.  part  of  North  Carolina,  runs  northward  through  Bun- 
combe and  Madison  cos.,  and  passes  into  the  state  of  Ten- 
nessee. It  flows  northwestward  to  Hamblen  co.,  where  it 
changes  its  course  to  the  southwest,  nnd  enters  the  Ilolston 
River  about  3  miles  above  the  city  of  Knoxville.  Its 
length  is  estimated  at  250  miles.  It  presents  admirable 
scenery  where  it  passes  through  the  Smoky  Mountain,  near 
the  Warm  Springs  of  North  Carolina. 

French'burg,  a  small  post-village,  capital  of  Menifee 
CO.,  Ky.,  about  54  miles  E.  of  Lexington.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 

French  Camp,  a  post-village  of  San  Joaquin  co., 
Cal.,  on  the  Central  Pacilic  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Stockton. 

French  Camps,  a  post-village  of  Choctaw  co..  Miss., 
21  miles  N.E.  of  Kosciusko.  It  has  2  churches,  the  French 
Camp  Institute,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  in  ISKO,  'Jo7. 

French  Cochin  China.     See  Cochix  Cni-VA. 

French  CorVal',  a  post-town  of  Nevada  co.,  Cal.,  on 
Tuba  River,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Nevada.  It  has  gold-mines, 
tbe  annual  yield  of  which  is  $360,000.     Pop.  about  750. 

French  Creek,  South  Dakota,  rises  among  the  Black 
Hills,  runs  t^outheastward,  and  enters  the  Cheyenne  River. 
It  is  nearly  75  miles  long. 

French  Creek,  of  Chester  co.,  Pennsylvania,  drains  the 
north  part  of  the  county,  runs  nearly  eastward,  and  enters 
the  Schuylkill  River  at  Phoeni.tville. 

French  (or  Venan'go)  Creek,  of  Pennsylvani.-v, 
drains  part  of  Erie  co.,  runs  southward  through  the  middle 
of  Crawford  co.,  passes  Meadville,  and  finally  flows  south- 
eastward, and  enters  the  Alleghany  River  at  Franklin,  in 
Venango  co.  It  is  nearly  140  miles  long.  Its  Indian  name 
is  Venango.     Petroleum  abounds  near  its  mouth. 

French  Creek,  a  township  of  Edwards  co.,  HI.  P.  1132. 

French  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Allamakee  co., 
lowii,  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Ujiper  Iowa  River. 
Pop.  751. 

French  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Ch.autauqua  co., 
N.Y.,  about  22  miles  E.S.E.  of  Erie,  Pa.  It  is  the  south- 
westernmost  township  of  the  state,  and  is  drained  l»y 
French  Creek,  which  rises  here.     Pop.  1049. 

French  Creek,  a  station  in  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Pickering  Valley  Railroad,  2  miles  from  Phoenixvillo. 

French  Creek,  a  township  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
999.     It  contains  Milledgeville. 

French  Creek,  a  township  of  Venango  co..  Pa., 
bounded  N.E.  by  the  creek  of  the  same  name,  and  to  some 


rRx 


1225 


FRE 


extent  contiguous  to  French  Creek  township  in  Mercer  co. 
Pop.  1330.     It  has  beds  of  coal. 

French  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Upshur  co.,  W.  Va., 
38  miles  S.  of  Clarksburg.     It  has  an  academy. 

French  Creek  Church,  post-office,  Bladen  co.,  N.C. 

French  Flanders,  France.    See  Flanders. 

French  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Peoria  co.,  111. 

French  Guiana,  ghee^i'ni  (Fr.  Gnyane  Franqaine, 
ghce'in'  frftso'sdz'),  a  French  colony  in  South  America,  the 
most  E.  division  of  Guiana,  its  coast-line  extending  from 
the  river  Marowyne  on  the  W.  to  the  river  Oyapok  on  the  E., 
which  separates  it  from  Brazil,  a  distance  in  a  straight  line 
of  about  200  miles;  between  lat.  2°  and  6°  N.  and  Ion.  49° 
38'  and  54°  38'  W.  The  greatest  length  of  the  colony, 
from  N.  to  S.,  is  about  280  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth, 
about  220  miles.  Area,  27,560  square  miles.  This  terri- 
tory much  resembles  British  Guiana  in  its  physical  features 
and  climate.  The  articles  of  export  are  gold,  coffee,  sugar, 
rum,  cabinet-woods,  annotto,  cacao,  cotton,  skins,  isinglass, 
india-rubber,  vanilla,  pepper,  cloves,  cinnamon,  nutmeg,  Ac. 
The  coast  is  low,  consisting  of  a  flat  alluvial  tract,  of  great 
fertility,  in  some  places  marshy  and  covered  with  thick 
forests  of  mangroves.  The  highlands  in  the  interior,  the 
soil  consisting  of  clay  mixed  with  gold-bearing  granitic 
Band,  are  also  fertile ;  and  the  whole  country  is  exceedingly 
well  watered,  the  principal  streams  being  the  Mana,  Sinni- 
mari,  Ouya,  and  Approuague.  Of  late  nearly  every  other 
industry  has  been  superseded  by  that  of  gold-washing,  an 
occupation  which  has  proved  very  profitable. 

The  territory  includes  the  island  of  Cayenne,  on  which  is 
situated  Cayenne,  the  capital  of  the  colony.  The  govern- 
ment is  vested  in  a  governor,  assisted  by  a  privy  council 
and  colonial  council  elected  by  the  colonists. 

The  French  first  settled  in  Cayenne  in  the  year  1604.  In 
1763  the  French  government,  with  the  view  of  improving 
and  otherwise  increasing  the  importance  of  the  colony,  sent 
out  12,000  emigrants ;  but,  no  arrangements  having  been 
made  for  their  reception  or  subsequent  disposal,  they  nearly 
all  perished  from  exposure  to  the  climate,  which  was  then 
extremely  insalubrious.  In  1809  the  colony  was  captured 
by  the  forces  of  the  British  and  Portuguese,  and  restored  to 
Franco  at  the  peace  of  Paris  in  1814.  This  colony  serves 
as  a  place  of  banishment  for  criminals  and  political  offend- 
ers.    Pop.  in  1883  (official  estimate),  25,157. 

French  Gulch,  a  post-office  and  mining  village  of 
Shasta  co.,  Cal.,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Shasta.  It  has  a  church, 
and  3  quartz-mills  for  gold,  which  is  mined  here.  Pop. 
about  300. 

French  Gulch,  a  post-village  or  mining-camp  of  Deer 
Lodge  CO.,  Montana,  about  70  miles  S.W.  of  Helena.  Gold 
is  found  here.     Pop.  155. 

French  Hay,  a  post-office  of  Hanover  co.,  Va. 

French  Island,  the  largest  island  off  the  coast  of  Vic- 
toria, Australia,  lies  in  the  landlocked  bay  called  Western 
Port.     Area,  about  110  square  miles. 

French  Lake,  a  post-township  of  Wright  co.,  Minn.,  8 
miles  N.  of  Cokato  Station.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  430. 

French   Lick,  a  post-township  of  Orange  co.,  Ind., 
about  48  miles  W.N.W.  of  New  Albany.     The  French  Lick 
Springs  (saline  sulphur)  are  among  the  most  celebrated  in 
I        the  state,  and  are  much  visited  by  invalids.     They  are  9 
[        ipiles  S.  of  Georgia.     Here  are  2  churches,  a  district  school, 

and  a  large  hotel,  in  a  picturesque  valley.     Pop.  1868. 

I  French'man's  Bay,  Maine,  is  an  inlet  of  the  Atlan- 

i        tic  Ocean,  from  which  it  extends  about  30  miles  northward 

into  Hancock  co.     It  affords  good  harbors,  washes  the  east- 

f        era   sliore   of  Mount  Desert  Island,  and  encloses  several 

lesser  islands. 

I  Frenchman's  Bay,  a  village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario, 

i        on  Lake  Ontario,  21  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Toronto.  P.  100. 

i  French  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  li  miles 

from  Fassett.     It  has  a  church  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

French  Mountain,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co., 
N.Y.,  5  miles  N.  of  Glenn's  Falls.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
tannery,  and  a  saw-mill. 

French  Park,  a  market-town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Ros- 
common, 16i  miles  S.W.  of  Leitrim.     Pop.  515. 

French  Port,  a  post-office  and  steamboat-landing  of 
Ouachita  co.,  Ark.,  on  the  Ouachita  River. 

French  Prairie,  prd'ree,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co..  Ark. 

French  River,  of  Ontario,  flows  W.  from  Lake  Nipis- 
sing  into  the  Georgian  Bay,  which  it  enters  in  lat.  45°  53' 
N.,  Ion.  81°  5'  AV.,  after  a  course  estimated  at  55  miles. 
It  is  noted  for  the  beauty  and  variety  of  its  scenery. 

French  River,  of  the  North-West  Territories,  joins 
the  estuary  of  the  Abbitibbi  and  Moose  Rivers  at  thij  S.W. 
Borner  of  James's  Bay,  lat.  51°  8'  N.,  Ion.  81°  W. 

I 


French  River,  a  post-village  in  Pictou  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  15  miles  from  New  Glasgow.     Pop.  200. 

French's,  a  station  in  Hampshire  co.,  W.  Va.  See 
South  Branch  Depot. 

French's  Creek,  township,  Bladen  co.,  N.C.    P.  1176. 

French  Set'tlemcnt,  a  post-village  of  Livingston 
parish.  La.,  on  the  Amite  River,  90  miles  W.N.W.  of  New- 
Orleans.  It  has  a  church,  a  mill  for  cypress  lumber,  and 
about  30  families. 

French  Shore,  a  portion  of  the  N.E.  and  W.  coasts 
of  Newfoundland,  upon  which,  by  various  treaties,  the 
French  have  the  right  of  fishing.  This  region,  being  re- 
garded as  neutralized  territorj',  has  neither  law,  magis- 
trates, nor  regular  mail  service.     Pop.  6387. 

French'ton,  a  post-office  of  Upshur  co.,  W.  Va. 

French'town,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind. 

Frenchtown,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  on 
Lake  Erie.  Pop.  2124.  It  contains  Poiute  aux  Peaux  and 
the  decayed  lake-port  of  Brest. 

Frenchtown,  a  post-village  of  Missoula  co.,  Montana, 
on  the  Missoula  or  Clarke's  River,  about  115  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Helena.     It  has  a  church,  2  grist-mills,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Frenchtown,  a  post-office  of  Antelope  co..  Neb. 

Frenchtown,  a  post-borough  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  Delaware  River,  19  miles  below  Easton,  and  on  the 
Belvidcre  Delaware  Railroad,  32  miles  N.N.W.  of  Trenton. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  national  bank,  an  iron-foundry,  a  flour- 
mill,  3  spoke-factories,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     P.  1023. 

FrenchtoAvn,  a  hamlet  in  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  &  New  York  Railroad,  15  miles  S.E.  of 
Towanda.  Here  is  Hornet's  Ferry  Post-Office.  This  region 
was  settled  by  French  refugees  about  the  year  1800. 

FrenehtoAvn,  a  hamlet  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  in  Mead 
township,  7  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Meadville,     It  has  a  church. 

Frenchtown,  a  village  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Beaver  Meadow  Branch  of  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad, 
about  25  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Wilkcsbarre.  It  has  a  church 
and  about  100  dwellings.  Coal  is  mined  here.  The  nearest 
post-office  is  Audcnried. 

French  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wabaunsee  co.,  Kan- 
sas, 16  miles  W.  of  Burlingame. 

French  Village,  a  post-office  of  St.  Clair  co..  111.,  on 
the  St.  Louis  k  Southeastern  Railroad,  8  miles  S.E.  of  St. 
Louis,  Mo. 

French  Village,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Francois  co., 
Mo.,  about  50  miles  S.  of  St.  Louis.     It  has  a  church. 

French  Village,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northumberland 
CO.,  New  Brunswick,  28  miles  from  Chatham.  Pop.  100. 
See  also  Alexandria. 

Frcnch'ville,  a  post-village  or  settlement  of  Clearfield 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Covington  township,  about  40  miles  AV.  of  Lock 
Haven.     It  has  a  church  and  several  lumber-mills. 

Frenchville,  a  post-office  of  Mercer  co.,  AV.  A''a. 

Frenchville,  a  post-office  of  Trempealeau  co.,  AVis. 

Frenes,  a  town  of  France.    See  Fresnes. 

Freneuse,  lake.  New  Brunswick,    See  Grand  Lake. 

Frenier,  fri'ne-i',  a  station  in  St.  John  Baptist  parish, 
La.,  on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &,  Chicago  Railroad, 
and  on  the  AV.  shore  of  Lake  Pontchartrain,  24  milea 
AV.N.AA^  of  New  Orleans. 

Frenstadt,  a  town  of  Moravia.    See  Frankstadt. 

Frequentum,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Frigento. 

Fresh'ford,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  9  miles  N.A\^ 
of  Kilkenny.     Pop.  915. 

Fresh  Pond,  a  station  in  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
AVatertown  Branch  of  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  6  miles  AV. 
of  Boston.     It  is  near  a  pleasant  lake  of  the  same  name. 

Fresh  Pond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Long  Island  Sound,  about  42  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Brooklyn. 
Hero  are  2  large  brick-yards.    See,  also,  East  AVilliams- 

BURS. 

Fresh'wa'ter,  a  maritime  village  near  the  W.  end  of 
the  Isle  of  AVight,  If  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Yarmouth.  Tbn 
cliffs  of  Freshwater  Bay  are  perforated  by  caverns  and  sur- 
mounted by  a  light-house.     Pop.  of  parish,  2628. 

Fresh'water,  a  post-office  of  Colusa  co.,  Cal.,  15  miles 
W.  of  Colusa. 

Fresh'water,  a  hamlet  on  the  N.  side  of  Conception 
Bay,  Newfoundland,  2  miles  from  Carboncar.     Pop.  390. 

Fresnay,  fri'ni',  or  Fr6nay-le-Vicomte,  fri'ni'- 
l§h-vee*koNt',  a  town  of  France,  in  Sarthe,  20  miles  AV.S.AV. 
of  Mamers,  on  the  Sarthe.  Pop.  3010,  employed  in  manu- 
factures of  table  and  other  linens,  and  leather. 

Fresneda,  or  La  Frcsneda,  13.  fris-n^'ni,  a  town 
of  Spain,  in  Aragon,  70  miles  N.E.  by  E.  of  Teruel,  and  15 
miles  S.E.  of  Alcaniz.     Pop.  1578. 

FrcsneS)  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Nord,  at  a  railiray 


FRE 


1226 


FRI 


iunotion,  5)  milet  N.  of  Valenoienno*.     Pop.  6632.     It  hixs 
m  conl-inino,  glaw-trorks,  distilleriof,  Ao. 
■  FroHneit,  or  Fr^neSf  frain,  a  town  of  Franoe,  In  Orne, 
19  miles  N.  of  Domfront.     Pup.  2014. 

FretneB^Bur-ApancOf  fmin-sllR-i^pftxM',  a  town  of 
Innoe,  33  milea  E.N.K.  of  Lnogres.     Pop.  IIOU. 

FrCtnlllO,  fri«-nool'yo,  a  town  of  Mexico,  stato  and  25 
Uiha  N.W.  of  ZacatooM.     It  haa  silver-  and  coitpor-minos. 

Fret'nOf  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  California,  ia 
kouoJed  on  tbo  N.E.  by  the  Si«rra  Nevada  and  on  the  S.W. 
by  the  Coa«t  Range  of  iDoiintains.  Area,  8U  lU  square  inik's. 
It  is  intersocled  by  the  San  Joaquin  River,  and  also  drained 
by  King's  and  Fresno  Rivers.  On  the  E.  border  of  this 
county  stand  Mount  Qoddard  and  Mount  King,  each  aliout 
14,000  feet  high,  and  at  New  Idria  is  a  mine  of  cinnabar 
or  quicksilver.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Central 
Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Fresno.  Pop.  in  1870,  6336: 
in  ISSO.  9478;  in  1890,  32,026. 

Fresno,  a  flourishing  city,  the  capital  of  Fresno  co., 
C»l.,  at  the  geographical  centre  of  the  state,  on  the  Southern 
Paciflo  Railroad,  210  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Sun  Francisco. 
It  hn«  9  churches,  6  banks,  an  excellent  system  of  public 
fohools,  including  a  high  school,  and  ninnulactures  of  lum- 
ber, flour,  and  carriages.  Two  daily  and  3  weekly  news- 
papers are  published  here.  Fresno  is  situated  in  a  i)roduo- 
tive  grain-  and  fruit-growing  region,  in  the  San  Joaquin 
Valley,  and  is  especially  noted  for  the  raisin  product  of  its 
vicinity.  Over  $10,000,000  worth  of  fruits,  cereals,  and 
wool  are  received  and  shipped  here  in  favorable  seasons. 
Pop.  in  1880,  1112;  in  18U0,  10,818. 

Fres'no  Flats,  a  post-office  of  Fresno  oo.,  Cal. 

Fresno  River,  California,  rises  near  the  Sierra  Nevada, 
runs  southwcsiward.  and  enters  the  San  Joaquin  River  in 
Fresno  co.     It  is  about  100  miles  long. 

Fresnoy-lc- Grand,  fr4'nwi'-l?h-gr&N»,  a  village  of 
Franco,  Aisne,  10  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Saint-Quentin.  It 
Las  manufactures  of  caslrimore  shawls  and  gauze.     P.  3894. 

Frcsse,  frSss,  a  village  of  France,  in  Ilaute-Sadno,  8 
miles  N.E.  of  Lure.     Pop.  S6o. 

Fresse,  a  village  of  France,  in  Vosges,  12  miles  S.E. 
of  Remiremont.     Pop.  1200. 

Fr6taval,  fri^ti'vM',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loir-et- 
Cher,  on  the  Loire,  9  miles  N.E.  of  VondOme.     Pop.  979. 

Fr^tin,  friHiN"',  a  village  of  Franco,  department  of 
Nord,  7  miles  from  Lille.     Pop.  2008. 

Fretum  Gallicum,  the  Latin  for  Strait  op  Dover. 

Freuchie,  fru'Kce,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife,  2 
miles  E.  of  Falkland.     Pop.  1195. 

Freudenberg,  froi'd?n-bdBG\  a  village  of  Germany, 
i»  Baden.  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Wertheim.     Pop.  1589. 

Freudenberg,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  6  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Saarburg.     Pop.  941. 

Freudenstadt,  froi'd?n-st4tt\  a  town  of  WUrtemberg, 
Black  Forest,  on  the  Murg,  40  miles  S.W.  of  Stuttgart.  It 
has  manufactures  of  iron,  woollen  cloths,  white  lead,  and 
Prussian  blue.     Pop.  5325. 

Freudenthal,  froi'd?n-til\  a  walled  town  of  Austrian 
Silesia,  12  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Jiigerndorf.  It  has  a  largo 
palace,  a  Piarist  college,  a  high  school,  and  manufactures 
of  linen  and  woollen  cloths.     Pop.  6440. 

Freudenthal,  a  village  of  WUrtemberg,  4  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Besigheim.     Pop.  774. 

Fr6vent,  fr4-v6.\»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Pas-de-Calais, 
on  the  Canche,  21  miles  W.  of  Arras.  It  has  manufacturer 
of  linens,  woollens,  and  leather.     Pop.  3792. 

Frews'burg,  a  post-village  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y., 
near  the  Conewango  Creek,  on  the  Dunkirk,  Alleghany 
Valley  A  Pittsburg  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Jamestown. 
It  has  5  churches,  a  graded  school,  manufactures  of  butter- 
tubs,  staves  and  heading,  <!tc.     Pop.  in  1890,  570. 

Freyberg,  fri'bSuG  (Moravian,  I'rzibon,  pzhee'bon),  a 
town  of  Moravia,  42  miles  E.N.E.  of  Olmutz.  It  has  a 
Piari.st  college  and  a  gymnasium.     Pop.  4414. 

Freyberg,  a  town  of  Sa.tony.     See  Freiberg. 

Freyberg,  Auglaize  co.,  Ohio.     See  FuvBtJuo. 

Freyburg,  a  city  of  Baden.    See  Fbeiduro. 

Freyburg,  fri'bCono,  Fribourg,  free'booR',  or  Frei- 
burg in  Ucchtlaud,  fri'bOoBG  in  iiKt'lint,  a  town  of 
Switzerland,  capital  of  the  canton  of  Freyburg,  on  the 
Saane,  17  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Bern.  Pop.  10,904.  It  is 
highly  picturesque,  is  enclosed  by  ancient  walls,  and  con- 
sists of  tlie  upper  or  French  town  and  the  lower  or  German 
town.  PVcyburg  has  many  quaint  old  houses,  a  cathedral 
with  a  spire  280  feet  high  and  with  a  famous  organ,  a  Rath- 
hauB,  a  college,  town  hall,  diocesan  school,  museum,  hos- 
pital, orphan  asylum,  workhouse,  prison,  public  baths, 
wveral  libraries,  and  medical,  natural  history,  and  anti- 


quarian societies,  with  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths^ 
straw  hats,  hardware,  porcelain,  and  leather,  sugar-re- 
fineries, dye-housos,  and  aeonsiderable  annual  cattle-market. 
It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  largo  priests'  seminary. 

Freyburg,  Freiburg,  or  Fribourg,  a  canton  of 
Switzerland,  bounded  N.  and  E.  by  the  Ciinton  of  Born. 
Area,  565  square  miles.  Pop.  113,952,  mostly  Itoman  Cath. 
olics.  It  is  situated  mostly  in  the  basin  of  the  Aar,  and 
partly  in  that  of  thoThiele  and  Lake  Neufchatel.  Surface 
hilly  in  the  S.  and  E.,  where  it  is  traversed  by  ramifications 
of  the  Bernese  AI]>b;  culminating  points,  the  Dent  do  Brcn- 
laire,  7723  feet;  Dent  do  Folligran,  7716  feet;  and  Mont 
Muluson,  6583  feet.  Principal  rivers,  the  Sauno  and  the 
Broye.  The  greater  part  of  Lake  Morat  is  in  this  canton. 
Agriculture  is  the  chief  occupation  in  the  N.,  and  cattle- 
rearing  in  tho  S.  districts.  Urain  is  grown  suflicicnt  for 
home  consumption,  and  dairy-husbandry  is  more  advanced 
than  in  any  other  canton.  French  is  the  prevalent  lan- 
guage, but  German  is  spoken  in  the  N.E.,  and  Romanscb  in 
the  S.    Chief  towns,  Freyburg,  Romont,  and  BuUo. 

Freycinet  (fri'so-nlf)  Harbor,  an  inlet  of  Shark 
Bay,  in  Western  Australia.     Lat.  26°  20'  S. ;  Ion.  114°  E. 

Freycinet  Island,  in  the  Pacific,  in  Dangerous  Ar- 
chipelago.    Lat.  77°  55'  S. ;  Ion.  140°  62'  W. 

Frcycinet's  Peninsula,  of  Tasmania,  on  the  W. 
coast,  forming,  with  Schouten's  Island,  the  E.  side  of  Oyster 
Bay.     Lat.  42°  18'  S. ;  Ion.  148°  20'  E, 

Freyenwalde.    See  Freiexwalde. 

Frey-oc,  fri'ii'^h,  an  island  off  the  W.  coast  of  Nor- 
way,  immediately  S.  of  Christiansund. 

Frey's  Bush,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Minden  township,  about  54  miles  W.N.W.  of  Albany. 

Freystadt,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Freistadt. 

Freystadt,  or  Freistadt,  Irl'stAtt,  a  town  of  Upper 
Austria,  18  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Lintz.  It  has  2  castles, 
a  Piarist  college,  and  a  high  school.    Pop.  26S0. 

Freystadt,  a  town  of  Austrian  Silesia,  11  miles  N.W. 
of  Teschen.     Pop.  2661. 

Freystadtel,  fri'stdtH?l,  or  Freysztak,  frdsHik',  a 
town  of  Hungary,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Neutra,  on  the  Waga, 
opposite  Lcopoldstadt.     Pop.  6346. 

Freywaldau,  of  Austrian  Silesia.     See  Freiwaldau. 

Freywaldan,  fri'wdrdow,  a  village  of  Prussian  Sile- 
sia, 49  miles  W.N.W.  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  1060. 

Friar  Islands,  near  Tasmania.     See  Boreel. 

Fri'ar's  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Greenbrier  co.,  W.  A'a. 

Friar's  Point,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Coahoma 
CO.,  Miss.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  15  miles  below  Helena, 
Ark.,  and  about  70  miles  by  land  S.S.W.  of  Memphis,  Tcnn. 
It  has  5  churches,  an  academy,  a  bank,  ootton-oil-mills, 
a  cooperage,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  750. 

Frias,  free'is.  a  town  of  Spain,  35  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Burgos,  near  the  Ebro.     Pop.  1073. 

Friaul,  a  district  of  Italy.     See  Friuli. 

Fribourg,  Switzerkind.     See  Freyburg. 

Fri'burg,  a  township  of  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  64. 

Fribuss,  free'bCGss,  Friibis,  frii'bis,  or  Friipas, 
frii'p&s,  called  also  Friebuss  and  Friihbuss,  a  town  ot 
Bohemia,  in  the  Erz-Gebirge,  84  miles  N.N.W.  of  Prague. 
Pop.  1322. 

Fricento,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Frigento. 

Frick,  frik,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Aargau, 
8  miles  N.  of  Aarau.     Pop.  940. 

Frickenhausen,  frik'^n-how'z^n,  a  town  of  Bavaria, 
in  Lower  Franconia,  on  the  Main,  S.E.  of  WUrzburg. 

Frick's  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Walker  co.,  Ga. 

Fri'day  Har'bor,  a  post-village,  capital  of  San  .Juan 
CO.,  Washington,  on  San  Juan  Island,  near  the  north  end 
of  Paget  Sound,  100  miles  N.  of  Seattle. 

Fridericia,  a  town  of  Denmark.     See  Fredericia. 

Frid'liem,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co.,  Minn. 

Friedau,  or  Fridau,  frce'dow,  a  village  of  Lower 
Austria,  6  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Polten.     Pop.  867. 

Friedberg,  freed'bdnG  or  freefbina,  a  town  of  Aus- 
trian Silesia,  47  miles  N.W.  of  Troppau.     Pop.  941. 

Friedberg,  freed'bdRC,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  4  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Augsburg.     Pop.  2400. 

Friedberg,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  27  miles  W.S.W.  ol 
Budweis.     Pop.  920. 

Friedberg,  a  town  of  Hesse,  21  miles  by  rail  N.  of 
Frankfort.     Pop.  4356. 

Friedberg,  a  town  of  Styria,  39  miles  N.E.  of  Griitz. 
Pop.  522. 

Friedberg,  or  Friedebcrg,  frec'd?h-b4na\  a  town 
of  Prussia,  Brandenburg,  56  miles  N.E.  of  Frankfort.  It 
is  surrounded  by  lakes,  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  woollen- 
cloth-factories  and  tanneries.     Pop.  5804. 


FRI 


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Friedburg,  freed'bOrg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Forsyth  co., 
N.C.,  7  miles  S.  of  Salem.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a 
foundry,  &c. 

Friedeberg,  or  Friedeberg-am-Qneiss,  free'- 
d?h-b5iiG^-4m-kwIss,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  46  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Liegnitz,  on  the  Queiss.     Pop.  2496. 

Friedeberg,  or  O'ber  Friedeberg,  a  town  of  Prus- 
sian Silesia,  19  miles  S.  of  Liegnitz.  Here,  in  1745,  the 
Austrians  were  defeated  by  Frederick  II. 

Friedeburg,  free'd?h-booRG\  a  village  of  Prussia,  in 
TTanover,  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Aurich.     Pop.  1014. 

Friedeck,  frce'dfik,  a  town  of  Austrian  Silesia,  14  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Teschen,  on  the  Ostrawitza.  It  has  a  large  cas- 
tle, a  pilgrimage  church,  mineral  baths,  and  manufactures 
of  linen  cloths.     Pop.  5170. 

Friedens,  free'd?nz,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  co.,  Pa., 
In  Somerset  township,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Somerset,  and  about 
22  miles  S.  of  Johnstown.     It  has  2  churches. 

Fricdensau,  free'den-saw,  a  post-hamlet  of  Thayer 
em.,  Neb.,  8  miles  from  Carleton.     It  has  a  church. 

Fricdensburg,  free'denz-biirg,  a  hamlet  of  Berks  co.. 
Pa.,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Reading.    Here  is  Olcj^  Post-OflRcc. 

Fricdensburg,  a  post-village  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa., 
in  Wayne  township,  4  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Schuylkill  Haven, 
and  about  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pottsvillc.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  tannery. 

Friedensville,  free'd?nz-vll,  a  post-village  of  Lehigh 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Upper  Saueon  township,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Allen- 
town.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  rich  zinc-mine. 

Friedersdorf,  frce'd§rs-doRf\  or  Friedersdorf- 
nm-(|ueiss  (Im  kwiss),  a  frontier  village  of  Prussian 
Silesia,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Gorlitz,  on  the  Queiss.    Pop.  1285. 

Friedersdorf-  an  -  der  -  Landskrone,  free'd§rs- 
donf'-dn-din-lints'kro-n^h,  a  village  of  Prussia,  province 
of  Silesia,  W.  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  660. 

Friedewald,  frce'd?h-^jllt\  a  town  of  Prussia,  24 
miles  N. N.E.  of  Fulda.     Pop.  1255. 

Friedewalde,  freo'd^h-'^ird^h,  a  village  of  Prussian 
Silesia,  45  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Brcslau.     Pop.  105. 

Friedland,  freed'Hnt,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  63  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Prague.  Pop.  4482.  It  gave  the  title  of  duke 
to  Wallenstein. 

Friedland,  freed'land  or  freet'Unt,  a  town  of  Ger- 
many, in  Mecklenburg-Strelitz,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Neu- 
Strelitz.  It  has  manufactures  of  various  fabrics,  and  an 
active  trade  in  horses.     Pop.  5086. 

Friedland,  a  town  of  Eastern  Prussia,  27  miles  S.E. 
of  KiJnigsberg.  Pop.  .3296.  Here  the  French  defeated  the 
allied  Russians  and  Prussians,  14th  of  June,  1807. 

Friedland,  freed'lint,  a  town  of  Moravia,  on  the  Os- 
trawitza, 44  miles  E.  of  Olmutz.     Pop.  2135. 

Friedland,  a  town  of  Moravia,  22  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Olmutz,  in  a  valley  on  a  mountain-slope.     Pop.  900. 

Friedland,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  46 miles  S.W. 
of  Breslau.     Pop.  1164;  including  Alt  Friedland,  2059. 

Friedland  Markisch,  freed'ldnt  man'kish,  a  town 
of  Prussia,  120  miles  W.S.W.  of  Marienwerdcr.  Pop.  2447. 

Friedland,  Prus'sian,  a  town  of  Prussia,  70  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Marienwerdcr.     Pop.  3487. 

Fried'line's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co.,  Pa., 
15  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Johnstown.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a 
gaw-mill. 

Friedrichroda,  freed'riK-roMa,  a  town  of  Germany, 
In  Saxe-Coburg-Gotha,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Gotha.     Pop.  2845. 

Friedrichsfcid,  freed'riKs-filt',  a  village  on  the  Maj'n- 
Neckar  Railway,  in  Baden,  between  Heidelberg  and  Laden- 
burg.     Pop.  770. 

Friedrichsfelde,  freed'riKs-fdrdeh,  a  village  of  Prus- 
Bia,  Brandenburg,  21  miles  N.E.  of  Potsdam.     Pop.  2107. 

Friedrichshafen,  freed'riKs-hi"fen,  or  Buchhorn, 
bSoK'honn,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  at  the  S.  terminus  ( I 
the  Wiirtemberg  Railway,  on  Lake  Constance.     Pop.  2903. 

Friedrichshagen,  freed'riKS-hl'gh^n,  a  town  of  Prus- 
sia, in  Brandenburg,  circle  of  Potsdam.     Pop.  3471. 

Friedrichshamn,  Finland.     See  Fuederikshamx. 

Friedrichshuld,  Prussia.    See  Bili.erbeck. 

Friedrichsruh,  frced'riKS-roo',  a  village  of  Germany, 
in  Ilolstein,  IS  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Hamburg.     Pop.  267. 

Friedrichsstadt,  Russia.    Sec  Frederickstabt. 

Friedrichstadt,  freed'riK-stat'  (Danish,  Fredericks- 
itaclt,  Md'^T-ik-stUC),  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Slcs\<'ick,  on 
the  Eider,  Ti  miles  W.S.W.  of  Sleswick.     Pop.  2268. 

Fricdrichsthal,  freed'riKs-t^r,  a  town  of  Prusskin 
Silesia,  15  miles  N.  of  Oppeln.     Pop.  160. 

Friedrichsthal,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  10  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Saarbriick.  It  has  glass-works.  Pop. 
6002. 


FriedrichsAverk,  Denmark.    See  Fbederiksvark. 

Fricdrickshall,  Norway.    See  Frederickshald. 

Friend,  or  Friend'ville,  a  post-village  of  Saline  co.. 
Neb.,  on  the  Burlington  <fc  Missouri  River  Railroad,  37  milea 
W.S.W.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  6  churches,  2  banks,  2  newspa- 
per ofiBces,  a  high  school,  and  manufactures  of  water-tanks, 
cigars,  butter,  wagons,  <fec.     Pop.  in  1890,  1347. 

Friendlay,  frSnd'la,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co., 
Kansas. 

Friendly,  fr5nd'l§  (or  Tonga,  ton'gS,)  Islands,  a 
collection  of  upwards  of  150  islands  in  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
composing  the  Tonga  and  Feejee  groups  (which  see),  be- 
tween lat.  13°  and  25°  S.  and  Ion.  172°  W.  and  177°  E. 
They  were  discovered  by  Tasman  in  1643,  but  received 
their  collective  name  from  Cook.     See  Polynesia. 

Friends'  Creek,  township,  Macon  co..  111.    P.  1538. 

Friend'ship,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ripley  co.,  Ind..  in 
Brown  township,  on  Laughery  Creek,  about  22  miles  N.E. 
of  Madison.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw- 
mill.    Pop.  about  100. 

Friendship,  a  post-ofiicc  of  Caldwell  co.,  Ky. 

Friendship,  a  post-oflice  of  Bienville  parish.  La. 

Friendship,  a  post-township  of  Knox  co.,  Me.,  on  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Rockland.  It  has  3 
churches,  and  a  hamlet  named  Friendship,  which  is  on  the 
sea-coast,  9  miles  S.  of  AValdoborough  Station.     Pop.  890. 

Friendship,  a  post-village  of  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md., 
on  Chesapeake  Bay,  about  40  miles  S.  of  Baltimore.  It  has 
3  churches. 

Friendship,  a  station  in  Worcester  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Worcester  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Berlin. 

Friendship,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Miss. 

Friendship,  a  post-office  of  Caldwell  co.,  Mo. 

Friendship,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Friendship  township,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  86  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Dunkirk,  and  8  miles  W.  of  Belmont.  It  con- 
tainu  5  churches,  a  news()aper  office,  2  banks,  a  union  school, 
an  academy,  a  cheese-box  factory,  and  a  shoe-factory.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1369;  of  the  township,  2216. 

Friendship,  a  post-village  of  Guilford  co.,  N.C.,  in 
Friendship  township,  on  the  railroad  between  Greens- 
borough  and  Salem,  91  miles  W.N.W.  of  Raleigh.  It  hai 
3  churches  and  a  seminarj'.     Pop.  of  the  township,  134S. 

Friendship,  a  post-hamlet  in  Nile  township,  Scioto 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  6  miles  below  Portsmouth.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  plough-factory. 

Friendship,  township.  Clarendon  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1140. 

Friendship,  a  post-village  of  Crockett  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  railroad  from  Brownsville  to  Cairo,  22  miles  N.  of 
Brownsville.  It  has  4  churches,  the  Homo  Institute,  and  a 
flouring-mill. 

Friendship,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co.,  Tex.,  9  miles 
N.E.  of  Longview. 

Friendship,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Va.,  t> 
miles  from  Glade  Spring  Station.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam 
tannery,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Friendship,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Adams  co.,  Wis., 
in  Adams  township,  about  37  miles  N.W.  of  Portage  City, 
and  7  miles  E.  of  the  Wisconsin  River.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  high  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  325. 

Friendship,  a  township  of  Fond  du  Lac  co..  Wis., 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  Lake  AVinnebago.     Pop.  1107. 

Friend'shipville,  a  post-office  of  King  George  co.,  Va. 

Friends  Station,  a  village  of  Jelferson  co.,  Tenn.,  I 
mile  from  New  Market.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  high 
school. 

Friends'ville,  a  post-village  of  Wabash  co.,  111.,  in 
Friendsvillo  township,  about  24  miles  S.W.  of  Vincenneg, 
Ind.,  and  6  miles  N.W.  of  Mount  Carmel.  It  has  a  church, 
a  graded  school,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  1216. 

Friendsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Medina  co.,  0.,  4  miles 
N.  of  Burbank  Station,  and  about  38  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cleve- 
land.    It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  100. 

Friendsville,  a  post-borough  of  Susquehanna  co..  Pa., 
13  miles  N.W.  of  Montrose.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  223. 

Friendsville,  a  post-village  of  Blount  co.,  Tenn.,  10 
miles  S.  of  Concord.  It  has  a  Friends'  meeting,  the  Friends- 
ville Institute,  a  tannery,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Friends'wood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hendricks  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Indianapolis  <fc  Vincennes  Railroad,  12  miles  S.AV. 
of  Indianapolis.  It  has  a  Friends'  meeting,  a  high  school, 
a  bank,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Friendville,  Nebraska.    See  Friend. 

Fri'erson's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Do  Soto  parish,  La. 

Friesach,  free'ziK,  or  Frisches-Wasser,  frish'es- 
^is's^r  (ane.  Virunumf),  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Carinthia, 
23  miles  N.N.E.  of  Klagcnfurth,  on  a  railway.     Pop.  14S2. 


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Friesnck,  fre«'x4k,  a  town  of  Prutsia,  In  Dranilonburg, 
SS  railM  N.W.  of  roUdain,  on  a  riiUwav.     Top.  3481. 

Fricsburg,  froox'bQrg,  a  hamlet  of  Saloui  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Upper  Allowiiyfl  Crcok  township,  5i  uiilo*  from  Daretown 
Station.     It  hiu  a  church. 

Frioseiihciniv  froo'ign-hlmo*,  a  village  of  Qormany, 
In  BaUen.  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Offonburg.     Pon.  2102. 

Frioscuhcim,  a  village  of  Davariii,  Palatiuato,  on  the 
Rhine,  3  raile«  by  rail  S.W.  of  Mannheim.     Pop.  2528. 

Friealund,  freei'l^nd,  or  Vricsland,  froos'ldnt  (Fr. 
Frite,  froot;  L.  Fri»ift),  a  province  of  the  NothorUinds,  on 
the  N.E.  sido  of  the  Zuyder  Zee.  Area,  1272  square  miles. 
The  surface  is  flat,  and,  being  below  tlie  level  of  the  sea,  its 
coasts  are  protected  by  dikes.  Capital,  Lceuwardun.  Pop. 
317,405.  The  Frisian  language  is  here  employed  to  some 
extent.    The  Friesland  of  history  was  much  larger  than  the 

present  province. Adj.  Fbisiax,    Friesian,  frccz'y^n, 

and  Friksic,  freo'zik;   inhab.  Frieslaxdkr  or  Frisian. 
See  East  Fiiieslaxd. 

Friesner,  frcez'n^r,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hocking  co.,  0., 
in  Falls  township,  on  the  Columbus  &  Hocking  Valley  Rail- 
road, 4  miles  N.W.  of  Logan. 

Frie  oytho«  frce'zoi-t^h,  a  town,  grand  duoby  and  18 
miles  "W.S.W.  of  Oldenburg.     Pop.  1473. 

Frig'nte  Isle,  an  inhabited  island,  the  easternmost  of 
the  Seychelles.     Lat.  4°  32'  S. ;  Ion.  56°  E. 

Frigento,  fre-j4u'to,  or  Friceuto,  fro-chSn'to  (anc. 
Frequen'tum  f),  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  17  miles 
E.N.E.  of  AvcUino.     Pop.  3335. 

Frigiliana,  fre-Hc-le-&'nil,  a  town  of  Spain,  27  miles 
E.  of  Alalaga,  near  the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  3022. 

FrignauO)  froen-yi'no  (Maggiore,  miJ-jo'ri,  and 
MixoRB,  me-no'rA),  two  contiguous  villages  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  10  and  11  miles  S.W.  of  Casorta.     United  pop.  5169. 

Frinco,  frin'ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Ales- 
Randria,  7  miles  N.  of  Asti.  on  the  Versa.     Pop.  1369. 

Frink'ville,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co.,  Kansas. 

Frio,  free'o,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Texas.  Area, 
1080  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Rio  Frio,  find  drained 
by  Rio  Hondo,  Rio  Leona,  and  Flores  Creek.  The  surface 
is  undulating  or  nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  uncultivated,  but 
produces  pasture.  It  is  intersected  by  the  International  &, 
Groat  Northern  Railway,  which  passes  through  Peareall,  the 
capital.     Pop.  in  1870,  309;  in  1880,  2130;  in  1890,  3112. 

Frio,  a  river  of  Texas.     See  Rio  Frio. 

Frio,  Cape,  a  promontory  of  Brazil.    See  Cape  Frio. 

Friockheim,  iree'ok-heem\  a  village  of  Scotland,  co. 
Qf  Forfar,  6i  miles  N.W.  by  N.  of  Arbroath.     Pop.  1128. 

Frio  Town,  a  post-village  of  Frio  co.,  Tex.,  on  Rio 
Frio,  Co  miles  S.W.  of  San  Antonio.  It  has  a  church,  a 
masonic  hall,  and  a  saddle-factory.     Pop.  about  500. 

Frisanco,  fre-sin'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  government  of 
Venice,  near  Friuli.     Pop.  3178. 

Fris'bee,a  station  in  McKean  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  McKean 
jfc  Buffalo  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Smcthport. 

Friscariolum,  an  ancient  name  of  Frascarolo. 

Frischau,  frish'ow,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Moravia, 
20  miles  E.  of  Znaim.     Pop.  950. 

Frischau,  orFrissawa,  fris-si'*!,  a  village  of  Mo- 
ravia, 30  miles  from  Gross-Mescritsch.     Pop.  900. 

Frische-IIaflf,  frish'§h-h4f  (*'  Freshwater  Bay  or  La- 
goon"), an  extensive  lagoon  of  East  Prussi.a,  between  Int. 
54°  15'  and  54°  45'  N.,  Ion.  19°  15'  and  20°  25'  E.,  sepa- 
rated from  the  Baltic  by  the  Frische-Nchrung,  a  tongue  of 
land  38  miles  in  length  by  1  mile  in  breadth,  and  at  the 
N.E.  extremity  of  which  it  communicates  with  the  Baltic 
by  a  channel  i  mile  across.  Length  of  the  Haff,  from  S.W. 
to  N.E.,  57  miles;  average  breadth,  5  miles.  It  receives 
the  Pregel  and  Passarge  Rivers,  and  two  arms  of  the  Vis- 
tula at  its  delta.  The  towns  of  Pillau,  Fischhauscn,  and 
Brandenburg  are  on  its  shores. 

Frisches-Wasscr,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Friesach. 

Fris'co,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Beaver  co., 
Utah,  150  miles  S.S.W.  of  York  Railroad  Station.  It  has 
2  smelting-furnaces  for  letid  and  silver,  and  3  stores.  Here 
is  a  valuable  mine,  called  the  "Horn  silver-mine." 

Frise,  the  French  name  of  Friesland. 

Frisia,  the  Latin  name  of  Friesland. 

Fris'toe,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1401. 

Frith  of  Forth.    See  Firth  of  Forth. 

Fritzlar,  frits'laR,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Ilesse-Nassau, 
16  miles  S.W.  of  Cassel.  Pop.  2964.  It  has  an  Ursuline 
convent. 

Fritz'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Reading  &  Columbia  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Reading. 
It  has  a  church. 

Friuli,   fre-oo'lee   (It.   pron.  free'oo-le;  Ger.    Friaul, 


frco'Swl;  anc.  Fo'rum  Ju'lli),  an  old  province  of  Northern 
Italy,  now  divided  between  Austria,  circle  of  Uttiit/,  and 
the  province  of  Udinc,  in  Italy.  The  j)rcvalent  language 
is  the  Friulian,  which  resembles  the  Romansch. 

Friz'clburg,  or  Friz'zlcburg,  a  post-village  of 
Carroll  co.,  Md.,  4  miles  N.W.  of  AVesliuinster,  and  about 
30  miles  N.W.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  101. 

Frizell's  Mills,  Ontario.     See  Water  Mills. 

Frob'ishcr  Strait,  in  British  North  America,  between 
Hudson's  Strait  and  Northumberland  Inlet,  leading  from 
the  ocean  W.,  and  separating  the  districts  of  Metaincog  and 
Nita.  Length,  240  miles;  medium  breadth,  30  miles.  It 
was  discovered  in  1570  by  Sir  Martin  Frobisher. 

Frod'sham,  a  town  of  England,  on  the  Mersey  and 
Weaver  Rivers,  co.  and  11  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Chester. 
It  has  salt-works  and  cotton-manufactures.  The  town  baj 
a  fine  old  church,  a  grammar-school,  and  a  graving-dock 
for  vessels.     Pop.  1014. 

Froelich,  fro'lik,  a  station  in  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Eastern  Iowa  Railroad,  2  miles  from  Beulah. 

Frocn,  frii'^n,  an  island  of  Norway,  off  ita  W.  coast. 
Lat.  61°  47'  N. 

Friicn,  a  village  of  Norway,  115  miles  N.W.  of  Chria- 
tianio,  on  the  Lougan.     Pop.  of  parish,  6000. 

Frog  Level,  Newberry  co.,  S.C.    See  Prosperity. 

Frog'niore,  a  post-hamlct  of  Concordia  parish.  La.,  13 
miles  W.  of  Natchez,  Miss.     It  has  a  church. 

Frog'more,  a  post-village  in  Peel  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
river  Credit,  7  miles  W.  of  Port  Credit.     Pop.  150. 

Frog  Pond,  a  post-office  of  Traill  co.,  Dakota. 

Frog'town,  a  post-office  of  Clinton  co..  Ill, 

Frohburg,  fro'bOoRG,  a  town  of  Saxony,  21  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Leipsic.     Pop.  2867. 

Frohna,  or  Fronah,  fro'n^,  a  post-village  of  Perry 
CO.,  Mo.,  about  1  mile  from  the  Mississippi  River,  and  00 
miles  E.  of  Ironton.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  church,  a  wagon- 
shop,  and  2  stores. 

1'  rohnleiten,  fron'irt^n,  a  village  of  Austria,  Styria, 
14  miles  N.  of  Griitz.     Pop.  847. 

Frohsdorf,  fros'donf,  a  village  of  Lower  Austria,  or 
the  Leitha,  near  AViencr-Neustadt.     Pop.  539. 

Frohse,  fro's^h,  a  village  of  Prussian  Saxony,  0  mila 
S.S.E.  of  Magdeburg,  on  the  Elbe.     Pop.  1296. 

Frojen,  an  island  of  Norway.    See  Froyen. 

Frome,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Dorset,  flows  pasj 
Frampton  and  Dorchester  into  Poole  Harbor. 

Frome,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Hereford,  an  affluent 
of  the  Lugg. 

Frome,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Somerset,  which, 
after  a  N.  course  of  20  miles,  flows  into  the  Avon. 

Frome,  or  Lower  Frome,  a  river  of  England,  co. 
of  Gloucester,  an  affluent  of  the  Avon. 

Frome,  or  Upper  Frome,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of 
Gloucester,  an  affluent  of  the  Severn. 

Frome,  or  Frome  Sel'wood,  a  borough  of  England, 
CO.  of  Somerset,  at  a  railway  junction,  19  miles  S.E.  of 
Bristol,  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  E.  and  N.E.  declivity 
of  a  hill,  at  the  base  of  which  flows  the  river  Frome.  It 
has  1  British,  1  National,  4  Dissenters'  schools,  and  one  iit- 
tiichcd  to  each  of  the  3  churches,  besides  a  number  of  j)ri- 
vate  schools.  There  are  also  a  blue-coat  school,  in  which 
boj'S  are  clothed  and  educated,  a  charity  school  for  girls, 
and  a  flourishing  savings-bank.  Frome  has  been  long 
celebrated  for  the  manufacture  of  woollen  cloths,  broad- 
cloths, cassimeres,  silk,  livery  cloths,  carriage-linings,  ale, 
and  hats.  The  environs  are  beautiful,  and  are  adorned  by 
numerous  handsome  mansions  and  villas.  Frome  returns 
a  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.     Pop.  (1891)  9613. 

Fromista,  fro-mees'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
20  miles  N.  of  P.alencia.     Pop.  1389. 

Fronsac,  fr6v'fik',  a  town  of  Fr.ance,  in  Gironde,  on 
the  Dordogne,  opposite  Libourne.     Pop.  1517. 

Front,  fr^N"  (L.  Frous),  a  vill.age  of  Italy,  10  miles  S. 
of  Turin,  on  the  Amalone.     Pop.  1316. 

Frontcira,  fron-ti'e-ri,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Alem- 
tejo,  12  miles  E.  of  A  viz.     Pop.  2195. 

FronHenac',  a  post-village  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Florence  township,  on  Lake  Pepin,  nearly  opposite  Maiden- 
Rock,  Wis.,  and  near  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
Railroad  (Frontenac  Station),  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Red  Wing. 
Touriste  and  invalids  are  attracted  to  this  place  by  the  line 
scenery  and  facilities  for  bathing,  fishing,  &c. 

Frontenac,  fron'te-ndk'  (Fr.  pron.  friNo'tfh-nik'),  a 
county  of  Ontario,  bordering  upon  Lake  Ontario,  near  ita 
outlet.  Area,  322  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  from  E.  to 
W.  by  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  and  from  S.  to  N.  by  tlio 
Kingston  &  Pembroke  Railway,  and  contains  many  small 


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lakes  and  rivers.    The  Rideau  Canal  connects  Kingston, 
the  capital  of  this  county,  with  Ottawa.     Pop.  28,717. 

Frontenay,  a  village  of  France.    See  Rohan-Rohan. 

Frontenay,  fr6s>»H?h-ni',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Deux-Sevres,  7  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Niort.     Pop.  1376. 

Frontenhausen,  fron'ten-how^z^n,  a  town  of  Ba- 
varia, 52  miles  N.E.  of  Munich.     Pop.  1343. 

Frontera,  or  La  Frontera  de  Tabasco,  li  fron- 
ti'ri  di,  ti-bls'ko,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Tabasco,  and 
on  the  Tabasco  River,  3  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico,  and  70  miles  N.N.E.  of  San  Juan  Bautista  (Villa 
Ilermosa),  of  which  it  is  the  port.  It  has  some  stone  dwell- 
ings, a  custom-house,  and  an  export  trade  in  logwood,  cacao, 
timber,  dye-woods,  and  drugs. 

Frontier,  fron-teer',  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of 
Nebraska,  is  drained  by  Little  Medicine  Creek.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating  and  nearly  destitute  of  timber.  Capital, 
Stockville.     Pop.  in  1880,  934;  in  1890,  8497. 

Frontier,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.,  about 
10  miles  S.  of  Hillsdale.     It  has  a  lumber-mill  and  2  stores. 

Frontier,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Canadian  frontier,  about  33  miles  N.AV.  of  Plattsburg.  It 
has  a  carriage-shop  and  a  butter-factory. 

Frontignan,  fr6N"Hecn*y6N<'',  a  town  of  France,  in 
IlSrault,  on  the  sea-coast,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Montpellier. 
Muscat  wine  and  salt  are  made  here.     Pop.  2910. 

Fronton,  fr6N<''t6No',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ilaute- 
Garonne,  16  miles  N.  of  Toulouse.     Pop.  1402. 

Front  Range,  Colorado,  the  most  eastern  range  of  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  trends  nearly  N.  and  S.  along  the  line  of 
meridian  105°  W.  Its  highest  summits  are  Pike's  Peak 
(14,147  feet).  Long's  Peak  (14,271  feet),  and  Mount  Evans 
(14,330  feet). 

Front  Roy'al,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Warren  co., 
Va.,  near  the  Shenandoah  River,  and  on  the  Richmond  & 
Danville  Railroad,  84  miles  W.  of  Washington,  D.C.,  and 
about  20  miles  S.  of  Winchester.  It  has  a  court-house,  2 
banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  8  churches,  a  graded  school,  a 
steam  tannery,  a  carriage- shop,  and  a  tack-  and  nail-fao- 
tory.     Pop.  in  1890,  868. 

Fro'sa,  a  post-oflBce  of  Limestone  co.,  Tex. 

Frosinone,  fro-se-no'ni  (anc.  Frusino),  a  town  of 
Italy,  on  the  Cosa,  an  affluent  of  the  Sacco,  48  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Rome.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  has  some  antiquities,  and  is 
the  seat  of  a  largo  annual  fair.     Pop.  10,161. 

Frosoione,  fro-so-lo'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
of  Campobasso,  11  miles  E.  of  Isemia.     Pop.  5633. 

Frossasco,  fros-sis'ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  4  miles  N.  of 
Pinerolo,  on  the  Noso.     Pop.  1565. 

Frossay,  fros^si',  a  village  of  France,  in  Loire-Inf6- 
rieure,  on  the  Loire,  18  miles  W.  of  Nantes.     Pop.  435. 

Frost,  a  post-village  in  Rome  township,  Athens  co.,  0., 
on  the  Hocking  River,  on  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Rail- 
road, and  on  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Short  Line  Railroad, 
20  miles  E.  of  Athens.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  tannery. 
Pop.  about  150. 

Frost,  Tennessee.     See  Martin. 

Frost,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pocahontas  co.,  W,  Va,,  45 
miles  N.W.  of  Millborough  Depot,  Va, 

Frost'burg,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co,,  Md,,  in  a 
mountainous  region,  17  miles  by  rail  W,  of  Cumberland, 
Its  prosperity  is  chiefly  derived  from  operations  in  coal, 
which  is  extensively  mined  here.  It  has  2  newspaper 
offices,  12  churches,  2  a  bank,  foundries,  and  a  manufactory 
of  fire-bricks.     Pop.  in  1890,  3804. 

Frostburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co..  Pa,,  in  Perry 
township,  about  60  miles  N,E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Frost's  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  3i  miles 
from  Staatsburg.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Frost's  Mills,  a  station  on  the  Greenville  &  Columbia 
Railroad,  7  miles  from  Columbia,  S.C. 

Frost  Village,  a  post-village  in  Shefford  co.,  Quebec, 
2  miles  from  Waterloo.     Pop.  150. 

Frouard,  froo-an',  a  village  of  France,  in  Meurthe-et- 
Mosello,  5  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Nancy.     Pop.  2404. 

Froyen,  or  Frojen,  fro'yen,  an  island  of  Norway,  off 
its  W.  coast,  52  miles  W.N.W.  of  Trondhjem,  separated 
from  Hitteren  Island  by  Froy-Fiord.     Length,  20  miles. 

Fro'zen  Camp,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  W.  Va., 
40  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Parkersburg. 

Frozen  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Breathitt  co.,  Ky. 

Fro'zen  Strait,  in  British  North  America,  is  be- 
tween Southampton  Island  and  Melville  Peninsula.  Lat. 
66°  N. ;  Ion.  85°  W.     Average  breadth,  15  miles. 

Friibis,  or  Frtihbuss,  Bohemia.    See  Fribuss. 

Frugarolo,  froo-gi-ro'lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Pied- 
mont, 4  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Alessandria.    Pop.  2494. 


Fruges,  frilzh,  a  town  of  France,  in  Pas-de-Calais,  35 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Arras.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollens 
and  hosiery.     Pop.  2185. 

F'ruit  (frut)  Cove,  a  post-office  of  St.  John's  co.,  Fla. 

Frnita,  froo-ee'ta,  a  post-village  of  Mesa  co.,  Col.,  12 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Grand  Junction.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  150. 

Fruit  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Christian  co  ,  Ky. 

Fruit  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  7  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Cincinnati.     It  has  2  or  3  churches. 

Fruit  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C. 

Fruit  Land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co..  III.,  6  miles 
S.W.  of  Dallas  City.     It  has  a  flouring-mill. 

Fruitiand,  frut'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wicomico  co., 
M(l.,  3  or  4  miles  S.  of  Salisbury.     It  has  2  churches. 

Fruitiand,  a  hamlet  of  Muskegon  co.,  Mich.,  in  Fruit- 
land  township,  about  11  miles  N. N.W.  of  Muskegon.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  580. 

Fruitport,  frut'port,  a  post- village  and  summer  resort 
of  Muskegon  co,,  Mich.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Michigan  Lake 
Shore  Railroad,  at  the  head  of  Spring  Lake,  near  an  inlet 
or  creek  which  opens  into  Lake  Michigan,  10  miles  S,  of 
Muskegon.  It  has  a  church,  a  high  school,  2  hotels,  and 
a  mineral  spring.  Large  steamboats  come  from  Lake  Mich- 
igan to  this  place.     Pop.  about  750. 

Fruitport,  formerly  Loveil,  a  township  of  Muske- 
gon CO.,  Mich.     Pop.  in  1890,  1446. 

Fruit  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co.,  Tenn. 

Fruitville,  frut'vil,  a  township  of  Currituck  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  600. 

Fru^met',  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co..  Mo.,  8  miles 
W.  of  De  Soto.  It  has  a  church  and  a  lead-furnace  or  lead- 
mine. 

Friipas,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Fribuss. 

Frusino,  the  ancient  name  of  Frosinone. 

Frutigen,  froo'te-chSn,  a  flourishing  village  of  Swit- 
zerland, canton  and  27  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bern.     Pop.  3780. 

Fry'burg,  or  Freybnrg,  a  post-village  of  Auglaiz© 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Dayton  &  Michigan  Railroad,  about  30  miles 
N.  of  Piqua.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Fryburg,  a  post-village  of  Clarion  co.,  Pa.,  about  17 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Oil  City,  It  has  a  convent  of  Benedictine 
nuns,  a  foundry,  a  grist-mill,  and  several  general  stores. 
Pop.  about  300. 

Fry'denland,  a  post-office  and  trading-post  of  Oconto 
CO..  Wis.,  100  miles  from  Green  Bay  City. 

Fryeburg,  fri'biirg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wright  co.,  lovit., 
on  the  Iowa  River,  40  miles  E.N.B.  of  Fort  Dodge. 

Fryeburg,  a  post-village  in  Fryeburg  township,  Ox- 
ford CO.,  Me.,  on  the  Saco  River,  and  on  the  Portland  it 
Ogdensburg  Railroad,  49  miles  N.W.  of  Portland,  and  11 
miles  S.E.  of  North  Conway.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy, 
a  newspaper  office,  2  lumber-mills,  a  tannery,  a  carriage- 
shop,  and  several  summer  boarding-houses.  Pop.  in  1890, 
495;  of  the  township,  1418. 

Fryeburg  Academy  Grant,  a  tract  of  land  in  Ox- 
ford CO.,  Me.,  granted  by  legislature  to  the  Fryeburg 
Academy.     Pop,  38. 

Fryeburg  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Oxford  co.,  Me., 
about  30  miles  S.AV.  of  Paris. 

Fry'er's  Pond,  a  post-office  of  Burke  co.,  Ga. 

Frye  (fry)  Village,  a  village  in  the  town  of  Andover, 
Essex  CO.,  Mass.,  2  miles  S.  of  Lawrence.  It  is  on  the 
Shawsheen  River,  and  has  a  saw-mill,  and  manufactures  ot 
shoe-thread,  printers'  ink,  lamp-black,  ifec.     P.  about  500. 

Fryken,  frii'k?n,  a  lake,  or  rather  chain  of  lakes,  in 
Sweden,  N.  of  Carlstad,  stretching  from  N.  to  S.  about  4f 
miles,  and  discharging  into  Lake  Wener  by  the  Nors. 

Fry's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northumberland  co., 
Pa.,  in  Delaware  township,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Dewari  Station. 

Frystone  Ferry,  England.    See  Ferry  Bridge. 

Fu,  a  Chinese  word  meaning  "city,"     See  Foo. 

Fubine,  foo-bee'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  9  miles  W,N,AV. 
of  Alessandria.     Pop.  2833. 

Fu'ca,  or  Ju'an  de  Fu'ca  (Sp.  pron.  noo-in'  d4 
foo'kl),  a  strait,  N.  of  Washington  'Territory  and  S.  of 
Vancouver  Island,  leading  from  the  Pacific  into  the  Gulf 
of  Georgia,  and  forming  a  part  of  the  British  and  United 
States  boundary-line.     Lat.  of  entrance,  48°  10'  N. 

Fucecchio,  foo-ch5k'ke-o,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the 
Arno,  23  miles  W.  of  Florence.     Pop.  of  commune,  10,716. 

Fucecchio,  a  lake  of  Italy,  province  of  Pisa,  is  about 
7  miles  long  by  3  miles  in  average  breadth,  and  flows  by  a 
small  stream  S.AV.  to  the  Arno. 

Fucine  (fu'sin)  Lake,  Lago  Fucino,  l&'go  foo- 
chee'no,  or  Cclano,  chi-li'no  (anc.  Fuci'uus  La'ctis),  s 
former  lake  of  Italy,  province  of  Aquila,  lOrmerly  11  miles 


FUD 


1230 


FUL 


liMg,  i  inllw  broad,  anU  35  milos  in  oirouit.  It  Ilea  21SI 
fiMt  above  soa-levol.  enclosed  on  tho  N.E..  E.,  and  6.B.  by 
the  A|H!nninc;<,  S.  by  Mount  Siilvinno,  und  W.  by  tho  Uonmn 
■ub-A|>«uuinoii.  The  Kiup«ror  Chiudiu*  oaurod  a  tunnel  to 
b«  cut  beneath  Saivianu  for  the  pur|>o8e  of  diaohargiuK  the 
Wora  of  the  luko  into  the  (inrlKliAno.  This  work  liuit  been 
reatored  and  ooinpluted  by  tho  I'rincu  Torlunia,  and  tho  lake 
U  now  nearly  dry.     It  haa  no  natural  outlet. 

Kudgy*H  (r^J'is)  Crcokf  a  uuKt-bamlet  of  CaboU  oo., 
V.  Vn.,  6  milo<  S.  of  Milton  Railroad  Station. 

Fu(*(;o,  one  of  the  C«|)e  Vcrd  Iiflaud.'*.     t^co  Food. 

FueKOSt  fwd'goco  or  foo-i'goco  {i.e.,  "firoii"),  one  of 
the  Philippine  Islandx,  in  the  Malay  Archi])olago,  .3U  niiica 
N.  of  Mindanao.  Lat.  9°  N. ;  Ion.  123°  30'  E.  Length,  20 
uiilcj).     In  its  contro  i«  a  volcanic  peak. 

Fueu«.VbtvJuiiu,  Spain.    Sec  Fuk.nte-Ovejit.na, 

Fucuculiciite,  fwJn'kA-lc-£n't&  or  foo-6n^k&-lo-2Q't&, 
a  town  of  Spain,  45  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ciudnd  Heal. 

FucifChoo,  Fuen-Tchou,  or  Fuen>Choo- 
Foo,  fwiu'-uhoo^-foo',  a  town  of  China,  province  of  Shan- 
Scc,  on  the  Fucn-Uo,  50  miles  S.W.  of  Tai-Yuiin. 

Fucngiroln,  fwln'Hc-ro'li,  a  town  of  Spain,  20  miles 
S.W.  of  Malaga,  on  the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  1409. 

Fucn-llo,  fwfin'-ho',  n  river  of  China,  province  of 
Shan-See,  flows  S.,  and  joins  the  Iloang-llo  in  lat.  35°  30' 
N.,  Ion.  110°  28'  E.  Tho  cities  of  Tai-Yuan,  Fucn-Choo, 
Ping- Yang,  and  Kiang  are  on  its  banks. 

Fueu-Labrada,  fwfin-lA-brd'n4,  a  village  of  Spain, 
in  New  Castile,  9  miles  S.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  2217. 

Fucn-Labrada-dc-los-Montcs,  fwin-li-brfl'nl- 
di-loce-mon'tis,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  100  miles 
E.  of  Badaios.     Pop.  1029. 

Fuen-5lnyor,  fw5n  mi-yOn',  a  town  of  Spain,  6  miles 
W.  of  Logrofio,  near  the  Ebro.     Pop.  2128. 

Fuensalida,  fw6n-si-leo'D4,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  16  miles  N.W.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  2580. 

Fucnsanta,  fwin'sdn'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  58  miles  S.  of  Cuenca.     Pop.  1477. 

Fuen-Tchou,  a  town  of  China.     See  Fuen-Choo. 

Fiicntc-Alamo,  fwfin'ti-A'14-mo,  a  town  of  Spain, 
18  miles  S.  of  Murcia.     Pop.  808. 

Fuente-Albilda,  fwin'ti-il-beol'di,  a  village  of 
Spain,  in  Valencia,  24  miles  from  Albacete.     Pop.  1102. 

Fuentc-Cantos,  fw5n'ti-k.1n'toce,  a  town  of  Spain, 
48  miles  S.E.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  6386. 

Fuentc-del-Arco,  fwfin'ti-dil-an'ko,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Estremadura,  SO  miles  from  Badajos,  on  the  N. 
slope  of  the  Sierra  Morena.     Pop.  1619. 

Fuentc-dcl-FresRo,  fwdn'ti-d51-frJs'no,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  La  Mancha,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ciudad  Kodrigo. 
Pop.  2528. 

Fuente'dcl-3Iac$trc,  fw8n'ti-d5l-roi-is'tri,  a  town 
of  Spain,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  5869. 

Fuente-de-Pedro-Narro,fwfin'ii-dA-pA'Dro-naR'- 
no,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  50  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Cuenca.     Pop.  1335. 

Fuente-el-Sauco,  fwin't4-5l-sow'ko,  a  town  of 
Spain,  48  miles  S.AV.  of  Valladolid.     Pop.  3329. 

Fucnte-£acarros,  fw£n'tA-in-kaii'Rocc,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Valencia,  55  miles  from  Alicante.     Pop.  1781. 

Fuente-Guinaldo,  fwdn'td-ghe-nAi'do,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  17  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ciudad  Kodrigo. 
Pop.  1837. 

Fucnte-IIeridos,  fw6n't4-4-rco'Doce,  a  town  of  Spain, 
in  Andalusia,  64  miles  N.W.  of  Seville.     Pop.  1289. 

Fuente«la-Higuera«  fwdn't4-l4-o-g4'r4,  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  of  Valencia,  43  miles  N.W.  of  Alicante. 
Pop.  3255. 

Fuente-la-Pefia,  fw4n't4-14-pin'yl,  a  town  of  Spain, 
29  miles  S.W.  of  Zamora.     Pop.  1884. 

Fucute-Ovcjuna,  fwin'ti-o-vi-Hoo'ni  (anc.  Mel- 
tairaf),  written  also  Fueutc-Abejuuat  fw5n't4-4-B4- 
noo'nA,  and  Fueute-Obejuna,  fwfin'ti-o-vi-Hoo'nA,  a 
town  of  Spain,  36  miles  N.W.  of  Cordova.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  woollens  and  leather.     Pop.  2919. 

Faente-Palmera,  fw5n't4-pAI-m.\'ri,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Andalusia,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Cordova,  in  a  plain. 

Fuentepelago,  fwJn'tA-pil'A-go,  a  town  of  Spain,  16 
miles  N.  of  Segovia.     It  nianufiicturcs  linen.     Pop.  1441. 

Fuenterrnbia,  the  Spanish  name  of  Fontaiiabia. 

Fuentes-de-Andaliicia,  fw4n'tis-dA-4n-d4-loo- 
tbee'A,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  32  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Seville.     Pop.  6900. 

Fuentes-dc-Don- Bermuda,  fw^n'tfis-di-don-bdn- 
moo'D&,  a  town  of  Spain,  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Palencia. 
Pop.  2386. 

Fncntes-de-Ebro,    fwdn't4s-dA-&'bro,  a    town    of 


Spain,  in  Aragon,  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Saragossa,  on  tht 
Ebro.     pop.  2048. 

FucntC8-dc-Leon,  fwin'tfis-di-lA-on',  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  EHtrcmadura,  50  miles  S.  of  Badajos,  on  the  bor- 
ders of  Seville.     Pop.  2950. 

Fuentes-de-Oiiore,  fwftn'tis-dA-o-no'ri,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Salamanai,  10  miles  S.AV.  of  Ciudad  Kodrigo. 

Fuertc,  fwAK'ti,  a  small  island  off  the  N.W.  coast  of 
tho  United  States  of  Colombia,  in  the  Caribbean  Sea,  88 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Cartagena. 

Fncrte,  or  Uio  de  Fucrte,  ree'o  di  fwin'ti,  a  river 
of  Mexico,  in  Cinaloa,  enters  the  Gulf  of  California,  lat.  26" 
50'  N.,  Ion.  109°  10'  W.,  after  a  W.  course  of  180  miles. 

Fuerte,  £1,  Mexico.     See  Villa  nKL  Fukute. 

Fucrte  de  San  Josd,  fwjit'tA  d4  s4n  iio-sA',  a  town 
of  tho  Argentine  Republic,  95  miles  N.E.  of  Tueuuian. 

Fuertcventura,  fw6u'tA-vin-too'r4,  or  Fortevcn- 
tura,  fou't(V-vin-too'rA,  one  of  the  Canary  Islands,  in  tho 
E.  part  of  tho  archipelago,  separated  from  L.\nzarote  on 
the  N.  by  tho  canal  of  Bocayna.  Lat.  of  its  N.W.  point,  28° 
42'  N.;  Ion.  14°  1'  W.  Area,  758  square  miles.  Capital, 
Betancuria.  Principal  harbor,  Cubrus,  on  tho  E.  coast. 
See  Canaries. 

Fuft  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  HorHOOP. 

Fuga,  foo'gi,  one  of  the  Babuyan  Islands,  25  miles  N. 
of  Luzon.     Lat.  19°  N.;  Ion.  121°  20'  E. 

Fu'gate's  Ilill,  apost-hnmlct  of  Russell  co.,  Va.,  18 
miles  N.W.  of  Bristol,  Tcnn.     It  has  a  church. 

Fu'git,  a  township  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1630. 
Post-offices,  Clarksburg,  St.  Maurice,  and  Kingston. 

Fugeloe,  foo'ghdh-lij'dh,  an  island  of  Norway,  Fin- 
mark,  in  the  Arctic  Ocean.     Lat.  79°  18'  N. ;  Ion.  20°  40'  E. 

Fiigcn,  fii'oh^n,  a  village  of  Austria,  Tyrol,  on  the  Zil- 
lerbach,  near  tho  llartbcrg,  25  miles  E.  of  Innspruck. 

Fuhnen,  an  island  in  the  Baltic.     See  Fuken. 

Fuh-Shan,  a  city  of  China.    See  Fat-Shan. 

Fiui,  Fiui-San,  or  Fuji-Yama.    See  Foosee. 

Fukok,  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  Siam.     See  Phookok. 

Fulahs,  a  race  of  AVest  Africa.     See  Foolahs. 

Fulailee,  foo-li-lee',  or  Fullaiec,  ful-14-lco',  a  river 
of  Sinde,  forming  the  £.  arm  of  the  Indus  at  the  delta.  It 
leaves  the  Indus  about  12  miles  N.  of  Hyderabad,  which 
city  it  insulates  by  sending  off  a  branch  to  rejoin  the  main 
stream  15  miles  below.  Thence  it  is  called  Goonee.  Tho 
Fulailee  has  been  converted  into  a  feeder  for  a  system  of 
irrigating  canals. 

Fiilanga,  foo-lAn'g&,  one  of  the  Feejoe  Islands,  in  tho 
Pacific  Ocean.     It  is  surrounded  by  a  coral  reef. 

Fulda,  fool'di,  a  river  of  Germany,  joins  the  AVerra  to 
form  the  AVeser,  after  a  course  of  90  miles. 

Fulda,  familiarly  called  Fuld,  foold  or  foolt,  a  town 
of  Prussia,  in  IIcssc-Nossau,  at  a  railway  junction,  on  tho 
Fulda,  54  miles  S.E.  of  Cassel.  It  has  a  fine  cathedral, 
bishop's  palace,  Franciscan  and  Benedictine  monasteries, 
numerous  hospitals,  asylums,  an  arsenal,  prison,  and  work- 
house. Most  of  its  inhabitants  are  Roman  Catholics,  over 
whom  the  Bishop  of  Fulda  has  ecclesiastical  jurisdiction. 
The  public  institutions  comprise  a  seminary,  gymnasium, 
lyceum,  with  a  public  library,  school  of  industry,  orphan 
asylum,  iS;c.  It  has  manufactures  of  linen  and  woollen 
fabrics,  tobacco,  and  leather.     Pop.  10,749. 

Fulda,  fddi'dah,  a  post-village  of  Spencer  co.,  Ind., 
about  45  luilfs  E.N.E.  of  Evansville.     It  has  a  church. 

Fulda,  a  post-village  of  Murray  co.,  Minn.,  43  miles  by 
rail  S.  by  E.  of  Pipe  Stone.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  a 
newspaper  oflBce,  a  tow  factory,  <to.     Pop.  348. 

Fulda,  a  post-hamlet  of  Noble  co.,  0.,  in  Enoch  town- 
ship, 6  miles  N.E.  of  Dexter  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Fulda,  a  post-office  of  Klikitat  co.,  AVashington. 

Fiilek,  fUMSk',  a  village  of  Uungary,  in  Little  Cuma- 
nia,  48  miles  S.E.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  1340. 

Ful'ford,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  and  2  miles  6.  of 
York,  of  which  it  is  a  suburb.     Pop.  3537. 

Ful'ford,  a  post- village  in  Brome  co.,  Quebec,  4  miles 
S.AV.  of  AVaterloo.     Pop.  250. 

Fulgiuium,  or  Fulginia.    See  Foligno. 

Ful'ham,a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Middlesex,  on  tho 
Thames,  5i  miles  S.AV.  of  St.  Paul's,  London.  It  contains 
many  market-gardens,  and  has  handsome  mansions,  with 
almshouses,  schools,  and  other  charities.     Pop.  23,350. 

Fuliguo,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Foligno. 

Fulk's  liun,  a  post-office  of  Rockingham  eo.,  Va. 

Fullalee,  a  river  of  India.     See  Fulailee. 

Full'arton,  a  post-village  in  Perth  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
river  Th.ames,  6  miles  S.  of  Slitchcll.     Pop.  150. 

Fullarton's  Dlarsh,  a  post-village,  Queens  co.,  Prince 
Edward  Island,  7  miles  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  150. 


FUL 


1231 


FUL 


I 


Full'en's,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Greene  co.,  Tonn., 
on  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad,  15 
miles  S.W.  of  Jonesborough. 

Full'er,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Low 
Grade  division  of  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  8  miles 
E.  of  Rrookville.  Coal  is  found  here.  It  has  a  lumber- 
mill  and  20  houses. 

Full'ersburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Du  Page  co.,  111.,  17 
miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Chicago.    It  has  a  church,  an  acad- 
emy, and  a  grist-mill. 
Fuller's  Point,  a  post-oflBoe  of  Coles  co..  III. 
Fuller's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y., 
8  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Schenectady.     It  has  3  churches. 

Full'erton,  a  post-village  of  Orange  eo.,  Cal.,  6  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Orange.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  packing-houses,  <fec.     Pop.  600. 

Fullerton,  a  post-office  of  De  Witt  co.,  111.,  13  miles 
by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Clinton. 

Fullerton,  a  station  in  Clarion  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Alle- 
ghany Valley  Railroad,  89  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 
Fullerton,  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.    See  Fkrndale. 
Full'erville    Iron-Works,  or    Full'ersville,  a 
post-village  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  in  the  township  of 
Fowler,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Gouverncur.     Pop.  149. 
Fullgreit,  a  village  of  Austria.     See  FoLGAniA. 
Fiillstein,  flill'stlne,  a  village  of  Austrian  Silesia,  15 
miles  from  Jiigerndorf.     Pop.  902. 

Ful'mer   Valley,   a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co., 
N.Y.,  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  .\ndover.     It  has  a  steam  saw-mill. 
Ful'mor,  a  station  on  the  Northeast  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road, 16  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Fill-See,  fUl-sA  or  fUl-zA,  written  also  Fil-See  and 
Fiil-See,  a  lake  of  Denmark,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Jutland, 
about  30  miles  in  circuit. 

Fulta,  Falta,  ful'ta,  written  also  Foulta  (nnc. 
Phnlata,  "  fertility"),  a  viilage  of  Bengal,  20  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Calcutta,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Iloogly. 

Fulton,  fool'ton,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Arkansas, 
bordering  on  Missouri.  Area,  649  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  Spring  River  and  the  North  Fork  of  White 
River.  The  surtace  is  hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  the  oak,  hickory,  chestnut,  ash,  <fec. ;  the  soil  is 
partly  fertile,  and  produces  Indian  corn,  cotton,  <fec.  It  is 
traversed  in  the  E.  from  N.  to  S.  by  a  railroad.  Capital, 
Salem.  Silurian  limestone  crops  out  here.  Pop.  in  1870, 
4843:  in  1880,  6720;  in  1890,  10,984. 

Fulton,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an 
area  of  about  166  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W. 
by  the  Chattahoochee  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  un- 
even, and  partly  covered  with  forests;  the  soil  is  fertile. 
Cotton,  Indian  corn,  sweet  potatoes,  and  wheat  are  the 
staple  products.  Eight  railroads  meet  at  Atlanta,  which  is 
the  capital  of  this  county  and  of  the  state,  the  Eastern 
Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad  being  one  of  them. 
Pop.  in  1870,  33,446;  in  1880,  49,137;  in  1890,  85,655. 

Fulton,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an 
area  of  about  870  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E. 
by  the  Illinois  River,  and  intersected  by  Spoon  River, 
which  enters  the  former  stream  in  this  county.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating  and  extensively  covered  with  forests ;  the 
soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  pork, 
and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  mines 
of  bituminous  coal,  and  is  copiously  supplied  with  hard 
timber.  It  is  intersected  by  4  railroads, — the  Chicago,  Bur- 
lington <fe  Quincy,  the  Toledo,  Peoria  <t  Western,  the  Iowa 
Central,  and  the  Fulton  County  Narrow-Guage,  the  first 
and  last  passing  through  Lewistown,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  38,291;  in  1880,  41,240;  in  1890,  43,110. 

Fulton,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Indiana,  has  an  area 
of  about  380  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Tippe- 
canoe River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  a  large  part 
of  it  is  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the-  oak  and  sugar- 
maple  are  found  ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
oats,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
is  traversed  by  the  Erie  Railroad,  the  Vandalia  Railroad, 
and  the  Lake  Erie  <fc  Western  Railroad,  the  first  and  Inst 
communicating  with  Rochester,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
12,726:  in  1880,  14,301;  in  1890,  16,746. 

Fulton,  a  small  county,  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Ken- 
tucky, bordering  on  Tennessee.  Area,  190  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Mississippi  River.  The  soil 
IS  fertile,  and  is  partly  covered  with  forests.  Indian  corn, 
tobacco,  cotton,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Mobile  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  the  Nashville, 
Chattanooga  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  the  Illinois  Central  Rail- 
road, and  other  railroads.  Capital,  Hickman.  Pop.  in 
1870,6161;  in  1880,7977;  in  1890,  10,003. 


Fulton,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  New  York,  has  an 
area  of  about  667  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W. 
by  East  Canada  Creek,  and  is  drained  in  its  northeastern 
part  by  the  Sacondaga  Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly;  the 
soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Oats,  hay,  Indian  corn,  and  butter 
are  the  staple  products.  The  Fbnda,  Johnstown  <fc  Glovers- 
ville  Railroad  connects  this  county  with  the  New  York 
Central  Railroad.  Capital,  Johnstown.  The  chief  articles 
of  export  are  gloves  and  mittens.  Trenton  limestone  and 
other  Silurian  rocks  underlie  this  county.  Pop.  in  1870> 
27,064;  in  1880.  30,985;  in  1890.  37,650. 

Fulton,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Ohio,  bordering 
on  Michigan,  has  nn  area  of  about  402  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  IJean  Creek  and  other  small  affluents  of  the 
Maumee  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  a  large 
part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  beech,  elm, 
hickory,  white  oak,  black  walnut,  and  other  trees ;  the  soil 
is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  hay  are  the  staple 
products.  The  rocks  which  underlie  the  surface  are  every- 
where covered  with  a  deposit  of  drift  50  feet  thick  or  more. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  two  divisions  of  the  Lake  Shore 
&  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  one  division  communicating 
with  Wauseon,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  17,789  ;  in  1880, 
21,053;  in  1890,  22,023. 

Fulton,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Pennsylvania,  bor- 
dering on  Maryland,  has  an  area  of  about  435  square  mile». 
It  is  drained  by  Licking  Creek  and  several  small  affluents 
of  the  Juniata  River.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Cove  or 
Tuscarora  Mountain,  and  on  the  W.  by  a  long  ridge,  called 
Sideling  Hill.  The  Scrub  Ridge  traverses  the  eastern 
portion  of  the  county.  The  highlands  are  mostly  covered 
with  forests,  and  the  valleys  are  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
oats,  and  grass  are  the  staples.  Capital,  McConncllsburg. 
Pop.  in  1870,  9360;  in  1880,  10,149;  in  1890,  10,137. 

Fulton,  a  station  in  Sumter  oo.,  Ala.,  on  the  Gainesvilltt 
Branch  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Gainesville. 

Fulton,  a  post-village  of  Hempstead  co.,  Ark.,  on  the 
Red  River,  and  on  the  Cairo  <fe  Fulton  Railroad,  126  miles 
S.W.  of  Little  Rock,  and  19  miles  N.E.  of  Texarkana.  It 
has  2  churches,  several  general  stores,  and  a  lumber-mill, 
A  large  quantity  of  cotton  is  shipped  here.    Pop.  337. 

Fulton,  a  post  office  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  San 
Francisco  &  North  Pacific  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Fulton  &  Guerneville  Railroad,  61  miles  N.  of  San  Francisco. 

Fulton,  a  post-office  of  Duval  co.,  Fla.,  10  miles  (direct) 
N.E.  of  Jacksonville. 

Fulton,  a  post-town  and  railroad  terminus  in  Fulton 
township,  Whiteside  eo.,  111.,  on  the  Mississippi  River, 
opposite  Lyons,  with  which  place  it  is  connected  by  a  steel 
wagon-bridge.  It  is  135  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Chicago,  and 
2  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Clinton,  Iowa.  An  iron  drawbridge 
across  the  River  connects  Fulton  with  Clinton.  Fulton 
contains  the  Northern  Illinois  College,  5  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  steam  saw-mill,  an  iron 
foundry,  Ac,  and  has  manufactures  of  carriages,  flour, 
stoneware,  pipes,  steel  siding  and  roofing,  pumps,  and  wind- 
mills. It  is  an  important  point  for  the  transfer  of  freight. 
Pop.  in  1890,  2099;  of  the  township,  2390. 

Fulton,  a  township  of  Fountain  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  916. 

Fulton,  a  post-village  of  Fulton  co.,  Ind.,  in  Liberty 
township,  about  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Logansport.  It  has  i 
churches,  a  steam  flour-mill,  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Fulton,  a  post-village  in  Farmers'  Creek  township, 
Jackson  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  North  Fork  of  Maquoketa  River, 
about  28  miles  S.  of  Dubuque.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour- 
ing-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Fulton,  or  Stock'ton,  a  village  in  Fulton  township, 
Muscatine  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacifia 
Railroad,  16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Davenport.  It  has  2  churches. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Stockton.  Pop.  108;  of  the 
township,  1162. 

Fulton,  a  township  of  Webster  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  208. 

Fulton,  a  post-village  of  Bourbon  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  Fort  Scott  A  Gulf  Railroad,  at  Osaga  Sta- 
tion, 12  miles  N.  of  Fort  Scott.  It  has  2  churches,  2  ele- 
vators for  grain,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Fulton,  or  Fulton  Station,  a  post-village  of  Fulton 
CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  Paducah  &  Memphis  Railroad,  at  its  junc- 
tion with  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  A  Chicago  Railroad, 
50  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Paducah,  and  22  miles  S.S.E.  of  Colum- 
bus. It  contains  2  churches,  the  Fulton  Seminary,  the  Oak-' 
wood  Instituta,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  furniture-factory. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Fulton.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Fulton,  a  township  of  Gratiot  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1222. 

Fulton,  a  post-village  of  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Wakcshma  township,  9  miles  E.  of  Vicksburg,  and  about 
18  miles  S.E.  of  Kalamazoo.    It  has  2  churches. 


FUL 


1232 


FUR 


Fnlton,  a  poBt-rillag*.  onpltnl  of  Itawamba  co.,  MIm., 
!■  on  or  near  the  K.  bank  of  tho  Torabigbco  Uivor,  about  50 
milM  8.  of  Corinth,  and  68  milas  N.  of  Columbus.  It  has 
a  ehurob  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  300. 

FnltOD,  a  post-viilttge.  oapiul  of  Callaway  oo.,  Mo.,  in 
Fulton  township,  on  the  Chioiifco  <&  Alton  Railroad,  26  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Jefferson  City,  ami  24  miles  S.  of  Moxioo.  It  is 
the  seat  of  the  state  asylum  for  tho  insonc,  and  of  an  insti- 
tution for  the  deaf  and  dumb,  also  founded  by  the  state.  It 
eoatains  .3  banks,  tt  ohurobe!<,  3  newspaper  othces,  the  West- 
minster College  (Presbyterian),  which  was  organiiod  in 
1862,  the  Syno<iical  Female  College,  a  llouring-mill,  and  flro- 
«lay  manufuotures.     Pop.  4314;  of  the  towuship,  6577. 

Fulton,  a  post-office  of  Colfax  oo.,  Neb. 

Fnlton,  a  i>ost-village  of  Volney  township,  Oswego  co., 
K.Y.,  on  the  New  York  &  Oswego  Midland  llailroad,  on 
the  Oswego  A  Syracuse  Railroad,  and  on  the  right  or  E. 
bank  of  the  Oswego  River,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Syracuse,  and 
II  miles  S.S.E.  of  Oswego.  It  contains  6  churches,  2 
national  banks,  a  graded  school,  2  flouring-mills,  2  machine- 
shops,  3  woollen-mills,  2  buokwhoat-mills,  pulp-  and  paper- 
mills,  pulley-works,  and  gun-works,  for  which  the  river 
affords  motive-power.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished here.     Pop.  in  1S80,  3941  ;  in  1890,  4214. 

Fulton,  a  post-village  of  Davie  co.,  N.C.,  in  Fulton 
township,  on  tho  Yadkin  River,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Lexing- 
ton, and  20  miles  N.  of  Salisbury.  It  has  a  church,  a  tan- 
nery, a  saw-mill,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  2320. 

Fulton,  a  township  of  Fulton  co.,  0.  Pop.  132S.  It 
contains  Ai. 

Fulton,  Stark  co.,  0.    See  Canal  Fulton. 

Fulton,  a  township  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  on  tho  E. 
bank  of  the  Susquehanna,  borders  on  Maryland.     P.  1S88. 

Fulton,  a  station  in  Northumberland  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Mahanoy  division  of  tho  Lehigh  Valley  llailroad,  3  miles 
E.  of  Shamokin. 

Fulton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  about 
24  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  3  churches. 

Fulton,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Clarendon  co., 
S.C,  about  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Columbia.  It  has  3  churches. 
Pop.  1087. 

Fulton,  a  post-village  of  Lauderdale  co.,  Tcnn.,  on  the 
Mississippi,  38  miles  N.  of  Memphis.  It  has  3  general  stores. 

Fulton,  a  post-village  of  Aransas  co.,  Tex.,  is  situated 
on  Aransas  Bay,  3  miles  N.  of  Rockport,  ond  60  miles 
S.W.  of  Indianola.  Canned  beef,  salted  beef,  hides,  and 
tallow  are  exported  from  Fulton. 

Fulton,  a  post-h.amlot  of  Albemarle  co.,  Va.,  near  the 
James  River,  8  miles  E.  of  Rockfish  Depot. 

Fulton,  a  vill.age  of  Ohio  co.,  W.  Va.,  is  near  the  Ohio 
River,  1  mile  E.  of  Wheeling.     Pop.  in  1880,  629. 

Fulton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rock  co.,  Wis.,  in  Fulton 
township,  on  Rock  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Catfish  River, 
4  miles  S.W.  of  Edgerton.  and  about  24  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Madison.  It  has  a  woollen-factory,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
church.     P.  about  250.     The  township  contains  Edgerton. 

Fultonham,  fo51't9n-hS.m,  a  post-village  in  Fulton 
township,  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Schoharie,  5  miles  S.W. 
of  Middleburg.    It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Fultonham,  a  post-village  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.,  11 
miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Zapesville.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
high  school,  and  flour-mills.     Pop.  300. 

Fulton  House,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Lancaster 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Peach  I3ottom  Railroad,  about  24  miles  S. 
by  E.  of  Lancaster.     Robert  Fulton  was  born  hero. 

Fulton  Lakes,  New  York,  a  chain  of  small  lakes  in 
the  counties  of  Hamilton  and  Herkimer,  connected  by  short 
outlets  with  one  another  and  with  Moose  River,  which  re- 
ceives their  surplus  water. 

Fulton  Landing,  Greenup  co.,  Ky.,  is  on  the  Ohio 
River.  30  miles  below  Huntingdon.  Here  is  Wurtland 
Post-Office. 

Fulton  Station,  Kentucky.    See  Fulton. 

Fulton  ville,  f661't9n-vil,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Mohawk  River,  opposite 
Fonda,  37  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Albany.  It  contains  2 
ohurches,  a  bank,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a 
Bash-  and  blind-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  1122. 

Fulvii  Forum,  the  ancient  name  of  Valenza. 

Ful'wood,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  2 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Preston,  with  cotton-  and  iron-mills. 
Pop.  3079. 

Fumay,  fii'mi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ardennes,  on  the 
Meuse,  16  miles  by  rail  N.  of  M6zi6res.  It  stands  very 
picturesquely  among  wooded  heights,  two  of  which,  termed 
the  Dame*  ile  la  Meiue  ("  ladies  of  the  Meuse"),  overhang 
the  river.    Fumay  has  quarries  of  slate.     Pop.  4099. 


Fanibina,  a  country  of  Africa.    See  Adamawa. 

Funicl,  fU^mir,  a  town  of  France,  in  Lot-ot-Garonn«^ 
on  the  Lot,  30  miles  N^E.  of  Agen.     Pop.  2229. 

Fumonc,  foo-mo'n&,  a  town  of  Italy,  7  miles  N.K.W. 
of  Frosinone.     Pop.  1503. 

Funchal,  foon-shil'  ("fennel -place"),  tho  copital  of 
Madeira,  on  iU  S.  coast.  Lot.  32°  37'  N.;  Ion.  10"^  54'  W. 
It  stands  on  n  declivity,  and  has  a  fine  appearance  from  the 
sea.  It  is  nn  important  port  of  call  for  steamers,  and  has 
telegraph  lines  to  Lisbon  and  lirazil,  2  banks,  several 
newspapers,  good  public  buildings,  and  well-paved  but  nar- 
row streets.  There  are  2  Anglican,  1  Prei<byterinn,  and 
several  Catholic  churches.  Funchal  is  a  bishop's  see.  It 
is  visited  by  many  invalids  in  winter.     Pop.  18,000. 

Fundfio,  foon-dowN"',  a  town  of  Portugal,  j)rovince 
of  Reira,  36  miles  S.W.  of  Garda.  It  has  manufactures  of 
cloths.     Pop.  2375. 

Fundi,  the  ancient  name  of  Fondt. 

Fundy,  Bay  of.    See  Bay  op  Fundt. 

Fu'nen,  or  Fuhncn  (Qcr.  FUnen  or  Fiihnen,  fu'n^n; 
Dan.  Fyen,  fii'^n;  L.  Fio'uia;  Vr.  Fioiiie,  fec'o'neo'),  an 
island  in  the  Baltic,  ond,  next  to  Soeland,  the  largest  of  the 
Danish  islands,  is  situated  between  lat.  55°  4'  and  55°  38' 
N.  and  Ion.  9°  44'  and  10°  53'  E.,  separated  from  Sceland 
on  the  E.  by  the  Great  Belt,  and  from  the  mainland  on  tho 
W.  by  the  Little  Belt.  Area,  1123  square  miles.  Its  shores 
are  greatly  indented,  and  in  the  N.E.  the  Odonse  Fiord 
receives  the  Odense,  tho  principal  river,  35  miles  in  length. 
Lakes  are  numerous.  The  soil  is  very  productive.  Grain, 
flax,  hemp,  and  fruit  are  cultivated.  Funcn  exports  many 
cattle;  tho  other  principal  exports  are  honey,  grain,  horses, 
fruit,  lard,  butter,  leather,  salted  meat,  and  some  manufac- 
tured goods.  Funen,  with  Langeland,  an  island  S.E.,  forms 
a  stift,  subdivided  into  3  amts.  Principal  towns,  Funcn, 
Odense,  Svendborg,  and  Nyborg.     Pop.  204,904. 

Fiinfhaus,  fUnf'hSws,  Fiinfhiiusel,  funfhoi^z?!,  or 
Hangendcniissen,  hing'?n-d?n-lis*g§n,  a  town  of  Lower 
Austria,  about  2  miles  from  Vienna. 

Fiinfkirchcn,  fiinrkeeiiK\n  ("five  churches;"  Hun. 
Pecs  or  Pets,  paitch),  a  city  and  bishop's  see  of  Hungary, 
capital  of  tho  county  of  Barunya,  on  a  railway,  105  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Buda.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  a  cathedral,  re- 
mains of  mosques,  baths,  and  other  edifices  built  by  tho 
Turks,  who  held  the  town  from  1543  to  1686,  a  Roman 
Catholic  diocesan  school,  a  college,  and  military  and  high 
schools.    Pop.  23,863. 

Fung,  or  Foung,  fung  or  foung,  a  prefix  to  the  names 
of  numerous  cities,  Ac,  of  China. 

Fung-Thian,  a  city  of  Manchooria.     See  Mookden. 

Fung-Wah,  fiing^-wi',  a  city  of  China,  province  of 
Che-Kiang,  about  30  miles  from  Ning-Po. 

Fung- Whang- Ching,  fung^-hwing'-chlng',  some- 
times written  Foung-Yang-Houang-Tching,  acity 
of  Chinii,  province  of  Loao-Tong,  near  the  Corean  frontier. 

Fung- Vang,  fung^-yilng'  or  fo6ng'-ying',  written  also 
Foung- Yang,  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Ngan-Hoei,  95 
miles  N.W.  of  Nanking. 

Funk'houscr,  a  hamlet  in  Mound  township,  Effingham 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  <fc  Terre  Haute  Railroad, 
4  miles  W.S.W.  of  Effingham.     It  has  a  church. 

Funks,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Cin 
cinnati,  Wabash  &  Michigan  Railroad,  C  miles  N.  of  An- 
derson. 

Funk's  Grove,  a  township  of  McLean  co..  111.    P.  81 S. 

Fuuks'town,  a  post-villago  of  Washington  co.,  Md., 
on  Antietam  Creek,  about  1  mile  E.  of  the  Cumberland 
Valley  Railroad,  and  2  or  3  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hagerstown. 
It  has  5  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  woollen-factory,  and  a 
paper-mill.    Pop.  671. 

Funkstown,  or  Alto  Dale,  a  village  of  Franklin 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Quincy  township,  1  mile  from  the  Mont  Alto 
Railroad,  and  near  the  Mont  Alto  Iron-Works.  It  has  3 
churches.     The  name  of  its  po-'t-offieo  is  Mont  Alto. 

Funny  Louis.    See  Centreville,  La. 

Fur,  a  people  of  Africa.    See  Daufoou. 

Furca,  or  La  Furca,  14  foon'ki  (Fr.  La  Fourche,  14 
fooRsh),  a  mountain  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Valais,  im- 
mediately W.  of  Mount  St.  Gothard.     Height,  8268  feet. 

Fiired,  fU'rfid',  a  village  of  Hungary,  on  tho  W.  shore 
of  Lake  Balatony,  9  miles  S.  of  Veszprim,  resorted  to  as  a 
bathing-place.     Pop.  1280. 

Fiired,  or  Tisza-Fiired,  tce's6h*-fU'r6d',  a  town  of 
Hungary,  on  the  Theiss,  21  miles  E.S.E.  of  Kardzag.  Pop. 
of  commune,  6622. 

Furcedabad,  or  Fariddbad,  fQr-ced^il-bild',  a  town 
of  India,  district  and  17  miles  S.  of  Delhi.     Pop.  7990. 

Furecdkote,  a  state  of  India.    See  Fubreedkotk. 


FUR 


1233 


FUT 


Furcedpoor,  or  Faridpnr^  fur'ecd-poor',  the  west- 
ernmost district  of  the  Dacca  division,  Bengal.  Lat.  23"^ 
bV  55"-22°  47'  63"  N. ;  Ion.  89°  21'  a0"-90°  16'  E.  Area, 
1524  square  miles.  It  has  the  main  Ganges  on  the  N.  and 
E.,  and  is  in  general  flat,  low,  and  fertile,  being  composed 
entirely  of  delta-islands,  with  innumerable  navigable  or 
beatable  channels,  largo  portions  being  flooded  in  the  wet 
season.     Capital,  Fureedpoor.     Pop.  1,1)12,589. 

Fiireedpoor,  or  Faridpur,  a  town  of  India,  capital 
of  the  above,  37  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Dacca.     Pop.  8593. 

Fureedpoor,  a  town  of  India,  district  and  12  miles 
S.E.  of  Bareilly.     Pop.  4940, 

J'urian,  a  people  of  Africa.    See  Darfoor. 

Furk,  fooRk,  a  village  of  Eastern  Persia,  105  miles 
N.W.  of  Lake  llamoon.     Pop.  1500. 

Furlo,  foou'lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  the  Marches,  S 
miles  S.  of  Urbino.  Near  it  is  the  famous  Pass  of  Furlo 
(anc.  Pe'tra  Interci'ad). 

Furlog,  fooR'log',  Furlah,  fooR'loh^  or  Ferlyug, 
fSnl'yoog^  a  village  of  Ilungary,  8  miles  from  Lugos. 
Pop.  2079. 

Fwr'man's,  a  station  in  St.  Clair  co..  111.,  on  the  Ohio 
&,  Mississippi  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Furmaii's  Island,  a  village  in  Newtown  township. 
Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  an  island  in  the  navigable  Newtown 
Creek,  at  the  terminus  of  a  short  branch  of  the  South  Side 
Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  New  York  City.  It  has  3  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  oil-cloth,  bone-black,  and  varnish. 

Fur'nace,  a  post-hamlet  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Ilardwick  township,  on  Ware  River,  and  on  the  Ware 
River  Railroad,  about  33  miles  E.N.E.  of  Springfield.  It 
has  a  paper-mill. 

Furnace,  a  station  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  1 
mile  N.  of  Allcntown,  and  2  miles  S.  of  Catasauqua,  Pa. 

Fur'naceville,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVayne  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Ontario  township,  2  miles  from  Ontario  Station.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  furnace  for  pig-iron. 

Fur'nas,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Nebraska,  border- 
ing on  Kansas,  has  an  area  of  720  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Republican  River.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating and  nearly  destitute  of  timber.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Capital,  Beaver  City.     Pop.  in  1880,  6407;  in  1890,  9840. 

Furnas,  fooR'nis,  a  village  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  island 
of  St.  Michael,  Azores,  with  sulphur  springs. 

Furneanx  (fur^no')  or  Fourueaux  (fooR^nO') 
Islands,  a  group  of  Australasia,  Bass's  Strait,  between 
Tasmania  and  Australia.  Lat.  40°  S. ;  Ion.  148°  E.  They 
consist  of  three  or  four  large  and  many  smaller  islands. 
Great  Island,  the  principal,  being  35  miles  long  by  10 
miles  broad.  Capo  Barren,  Clark,  Hummock,  and  Babel 
Islands  are  those  next  in  size.  The  soil  is  sandy,  and 
vegetation  feeble.  The  group  was  discovered  by  the  English 
navigator  Furneaux  in  1773. 

Furneaux,  an  island  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  in  lat.  17° 
S.,  Ion.  143°  6'  W. 

Furnes,  flinn  (Flemish,  Vevrne,  voR'n?h),the  western- 
most town  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flanders,  at  the  junction  of 
several  canals,  near  the  North  Sea,  on  a  railway,  and  26  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  4700. 

Fur'ness,  a  manorial  liberty  of  England,  on  the  Irish 
Bea,  in  the  N.W.  part  of  the  countj'  of  Lancaster,  with  a 
beautiful  ruin  of  the  abbey  of  Furness,  founded  in  1127 
by  Stephen,  afterwards  King  of  England.  Chief  town,  Bar- 
row-in-Furness. 

Fur'nesvillc,  or  Fur'nessville,  a  post-village  of 
Porter  co.,  Ind.,  in  AVestchester  township,  on  the  Michigan 
Central  Railroad,  50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Chicago,  and  2  miles 
from  Lake  Michigan.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  saw-mill. 

Fur'niss,  a  station  on  the  railroad  between  Oswego  & 
Lewiston,  N.Y.  (a  branch  of  the  Rome,  AVatertown  &,  Og- 
dcnsburg  Railroad),  4  miles  S.AV.  of  Oswego. 

Furr,  a  township  of  Stanley  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1044. 

Furragcne,  fur'ra-jeen'  (?),  a  little  island  in  the  Red 
6ca,  on  the  AV.  side,  about  lat.  18°  16'  N.,  Ion.  38°  20'  E. 

Fur'rah,  a  decayed  town  of  Afghanistan,  on  the  Fur- 
rah-Rood  River  (which  enters  the  Lake  of  llamoon),  140 
miles  S.W.  of  Herat.     Lat.  32°  24'  N. ;  Ion,  62°  7'  E. 

Furiah«Rood,  fur'ri-rood',  a  river  of  AVestern  Af- 
ghanistan, rising  in  the  mountains  N.E.  of  Tooki-Gusseer- 
man,  flows  S.AV.,  and  falls  into  Lake  Hamoon  in  lat.  32°  4' 
N.,  Ion.  60°  45'  E. 

Furrccdabad,  India.    See  Fureedabad. 

Furrcedkote,  or  Faridkot,  fur-reed-kot',  a  native 
Sikh  state  of  the  Punjab,  India.  Lat.  30°  40'-30°  56'  N. ; 
Ion.  74°  12'-75°  9'  E.  Area,  308  square  miles.  Capital, 
Furrcedkote,  a  town  60  miles  S.AV.  of  Loodianah.  Pop. 
45.900. 


Furreedpoor,  a  town  of  India.    See  Foreedpoor. 

Furruckabad,  or  Farakhabad,  fur-ruk-i-b4d',  a 
district  of  the  North-AVest  Provinces,  British  India.  Lat. 
26°  40'-27°  43'  N. ;  Ion.  78°  67'-80°  2'  E.  Area,  1909  square 
miles.  It  is  generally  flat  and  alluvial,  but  sandy,  and  sub- 
ject to  drought,  except  near  the  Ganges  and  other  streams. 
It  produces  much  grain,  pulse,  and  indigo,  with  some  sugar 
and  cotton.     Capital,  Futtehghur.     Pop.  919,091. 

Furruckabad,  or  Farakhabad  ("happy  abode"),  a 
town  of  India,  in  the  above  district,  near  the  Ganges,  and 
93  miles  E.N.E.  of  Agra.  It  is  walled  and  well  built,  and 
has  a  large  trade.     Pop.  79,284. 

Furrucknuggnr,  or  Faraknagar,  furVuk-nug'- 
iir,  a  town  of  the  Meerut  district,  India,  14  miles  N.E.  of 
Delhi.     Pop.  10,731. 

Fiirstenau,  fiiRs't?h-n5w\  a  village  of  Hesse,  province 
of  Starkcnburg,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Darmstadt. 

Fiirstenau,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hiwiover,  23  miles 
N.AV.  of  Osnaburg.     Pop.  1220. 

Filrstenberg,  fiiRs't?n-b5RG\  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Mecklenburg-Strelitz,  on  the  Havel,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Alt- 
Strelitz.     Pop.  2092. 

Furstenberg,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg,  63 
miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Berlin.    Pop.  3029. 

Furstenberg,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  AA'estphalia,  on 
the  Aa,  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Buren.     Pop.  1005. 

Fiirstenfeld,  filRs't^n-fdlt^  a  town  of  Styria,  30  milea 
E.  of  Gratz,  on  the  Feistritz.     Pop.  3582. 

Fiirstenfeld  Bruck,fiiRs't?n-f51t^  brSok,  a  village  of 
Bavaria,  15  miles  N.AV,  of  Munich,     Pop,  590, 

Fiirstenfelde,  fiiRs't^n-ffilM^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Brandenburg,  26  miles  N,  of  Frankfort,     Pop.  2240. 

Fiirstenwaldc,  fiiRs't?n-Mrd?h,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
in  Brandenburg,  on  the  Spree,  21  miles  by  rail  AV.  of 
Frankfort.  It  has  manufactures  of  linens  and  woollens,  and 
an  active  trade  by  the  river.     Pop.  9679. 

FiirstenAverder,  fuRs't?n-<^dRM9r,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
in  Brandenburg,  13  miles  AV.N.AV.  of  Prcnzlow.  Pop.  1433. 

Furtei,  fooR-ti'ce,  or  Fortei,  foR-ti'ee,  a  village  of 
Sardinia,  20  miles  N.AV.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  909. 

Fiirth,  fURt,  the  principal  manufacturing  town  of  Ba- 
varia, after  Nuremberg,  is  at  the  confluence  of  the  Regnitz 
and  Pegnitz,  at  a  railway  junction,  5  miles  N.AV.  of  Nu- 
remberg. It  has  several  churches  and  synagogues,  and 
numerous  schools.  The  Jews,  long  interdicted  from  settling 
in  Nuremberg,  rendered  Fiirth  a  formidable  rival  to  that 
city,  and  possess  here  schools  and  printing-establishments. 
The  manufactures  comprise  fabrics  of  various  kinds,  mirrors, 
lacquered  wares,  toys,  gold-leaf,  and  horn  and  bone  articles. 
Pop.  27,360. 

Fiirth,  a  frontier  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Cham,  40 
miles  N.E.  of  Ratisbon.     Pop.  2244. 

Fiirth,  a  village  of  Hesse,  province  of  Starkenburg,  18 
miles  S.E.  of  Darmstadt.     Pop.  1413. 

Further  India,  Asia.    See  Indo-China. 

Furtwangen,  foSRf'frilng-Qn,  a  town  of  Baden,  1  mile 
E.N.E.  of  Freiburg.     Pop.  3270, 

Furudpoor,  a  town  of  India,    See  FuREEcrooR, 

Fu'ry-and-Hec'ia  Strait,  North  America,  in  lat. 
70°  N,,  Ion,  85°  AV.,  leads  AV.  into  Boothia  Gulf,  having  N. 
Cockburn  Island,  and  S.  Melville  Peninsula.  Its  breadth 
varies  from  8  to  40  miles,  with  numerous  islands. 

Fury  Point,  of  British  North  America,  Prince  Regent 
Inlet,  on  the  AV.  side  of  North  Somerset,  in  lat.  72°  40'  30" 
N.,  Ion.  91°  53'  AV. 

Fusagasuga,  foo-si-gi-soo'gi,  a  river  of  the  republic 
of  Colombia,  flowing  AV.,  and  falling  into  the  Magdalen* 
52  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Santa  Fe  de  Bogota. 

Fusaro,  foo-si'ro  (anc.  Ach'eron),  a  lake  of  Italy,  11 
miles  AV,  of  Naples,  on  the  peninsula  of  Baiac, 

Fuse,  foo'z^h,  a  river  of  Germany,  joins  the  Allor  at 
Celle,  after  a  course  of  60  miles, 

Fusht,  fiisht  or  foosht,  an  island  in  the  Red  Sea,  on  the 
E,  side,  in  lat,  16°  11'  N.,  Ion,  42°  25'  E. 

Fusi,  a  mountain  of  Japan,    See  Foosee, 

Fusignano,  foo-seen-yi'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  Emilia, 
30  miles  S.E.  of  Ferrara,  on  the  Senio.     Pop.  5193. 

Fusina,  foo-see'ni,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  4  milefl 
AV.S.AV.  of  A''enice,  on  the  Brenta  Canal.     Pop.  1200. 

Fiissen,  fUs's^n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Lech,  near 
the  Tyrol  border,  56  miles  S.AV.  of  Augsburg.     Pop.  2415.. 

Fuss'ville,  a  post-office  of  AVaukcsha  co.,  AVis. 

Fusta,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Tauss. 

Futhepoor  Sikre.    See  Futtipoor  Sikra. 

Futi-Panjal ,  foo'tee-p&n'j&l',  a  mountain  of  Cashmere^ 
over  12,000  feet  high.     Lat.  33°  20'  N.;  Ion.  74°  30'  E.     : 

Futtak,  or  Futak,  footHuk',  a  town  of  Hungary,  oa 


TUT 


1234 


OAB 


the  I>Minb«,  8  m\Ua  W.  of  Potcrwardcin.  It  ban  a  fair  in 
NovwnUr,  attonded  bj  Turkish,  Or««k,  and  Armoniun  mcr- 
flluuits.     Pup.  604.1. 

Futtak,  ©r  UJ>Futtak,  oo'eo-foot^tSW  ("New  Fut- 
Uk"),  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  1J<0«,  on  tho  Danube. 

Futtchabadv  fQl'tvh-hA-b4d'  ("  the  abode  of  victory"), 
m  town  of  India,  U  niilos  S.W.  of  Oojein,  so  named  after  a 
grcnt  buttle  gttinod  hero  by  Aurengtebo. 

Futtchauad,  a  tonn  of  Briliih  India,  24  miles  N.W. 
of  Dullii. 

Futtehabad,  fat't^h-hil-b&d',  a  town  of  Afghnnigtan, 
plnin  of  Jelalabad,  in  lat.  U°  21'  N.,  Ion.  70°  13'  E;  also 
u  district  in  the  Nixam's  dominions,  oomprising  the  towns 
of  Diirour,  Cullum,  and  Latoor. 

Futtelighur,  fut't^h-giir'  (I'.e.,  "the  fort  of  victory"), 
a  fort  of  At'glianistan,  near  the  E.  end  of  tho  Khyber  Pass. 
Lat.  33°  5S'  N.;  Ion.  71°  30'  E, 

Futtebghur*  or  Fataghar,  a  town  of  British  India, 
capital  of  tlio  district  of  Furruckabad,  on  the  Ganges,  3 
milos  S.E.  of  tlie  town  of  Furruckabad.  It  has  a  strong 
fort,  and  military  cantonments.     Pop.  10,333. 

Futtchghur,  a  town  of  Northwestern  India,  SO  milos 
N.E.  of  Bhuwlpoor,  on  the  Sutlcj. 

Fiittchgunge,  or  Fatahgai^?  futH^h-giinj',  a  town 
of  India,  in  Oudo,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lucknow. 

Futtehpoor,  Fathipur,  or  Fatehpur,  fatH^h- 
poor',  a  district  of  India,  North-West  Provinces,  lat.  25°  25' 
-26°  13'  N.,  Ion.  80°  12'-S1°  23'  E.  Aresv,  13S3  square  miles. 
It  is  a  flat  country  in  the  Doab  formed  by  the  Ganges  and 
Jumna,  and  is  very  fertile,  but  is  sukjcct  to  drought.  It 
produces  opium,  cotton,  sugar,  cereals,  and  pulse.  Capital, 
Futtehpoor.     Pop.  663,877. 

Futtehpoor,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the  above,  48 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Cawnpore.  It  baa  an  elegant  mosque 
and  fine  public  buildings.  Here  Ilavclook  gained  a  bril- 
liant victory  over  tho  Sepoys,  Juno  12,  1857.     Pop.  20,478. 

Futtehpoor,  or  Fatehpnr,  ftit't§h-poor',  a  town  of 
India,  division  and  27  miles  N.E.  of  Lucknow.    Pop.  7494. 

Futtehpoor,  a  town  of  lioloochistan,  in  Cutch  Oundava, 
6  miles  S.  of  Gundava.     Lat.  28°  25'  N. ;  Ion.  67°  35'  E. 

Futtie,  a  village  of  Scotland.     See  Footdee. 

Futtihpoor,  or  Futtehpoor,  fiit-t^h-poor',  a  town 
of  India,  in  the  Punjab,  on  the  llavee,  82  miles  S.W.  of 
Lahore. 

Futtipoor  Sikra,  or  Fathipur  Sikra,  fut't^-poor' 
slk'ra  (or  Sikri,  sik'ree),  a  town  of  India,  district  and 
19  miles  W.S.W.  of  Agra.  Here  are  tho  remains  of  the 
splendid  mosque  and  palace  of  Akbar,  with  other  interesting 
ruins.     Pop.  6878. 

Futtooha,  a  town  of  India.     See  Futwa. 

Futtoolah-Killa,  fiit-too'l^-kil'ld,  or  Puttoola- 
Kiila,  put-too'li-kil'li,  a  village  and  fort  of  Afghanistan, 
60  miles  S.E.  of  Candahar,  3918  feet  above  sea-lovel. 

Futtyghur,  India.    See  Fottehohub. 


Fnttypoor,  fiit-to-poor',  a  town  of  Briti«h  India,  48 
milvh  K.S.E.  of  lloi^uugnbitd. 

Futtypoor,  a  town  of  British  India,  in  Uajpootiina,  90 
miles  N.W.  of  Jeypoor. 

Futtypoor,  a  large  village  of  Sindo,  on  a  branch  of  the 
Indus,  10  miles  S.  of  Larkliana. 

Futwa,  or  Fatwa,  fut'wi^,  written  also  Fut'tuohn, 
a  town  of  the  Patna  district,  Bengal,  on  tho  Ganges,  nl  llio 
mouth  of  the  Poonpoon,  8  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  i'litna.  It 
is  a  place  of  pilgrimage,  and  has  manufactures  of  cloth  and 
a  good  trade.     Pop.  11,295. 

Fuur,  fooR,  or  Fuurlaiid,  foon'l&nd,  an  island  of  Den- 
mark, in  Jutland,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Viborg,  in  Lyin-Fior<l. 
Area,  11  square  miles.     It  has  mineral  springs.     Pop.  82U. 

Fuveau,  fiiVo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Bouchcs-du- 
Rhane,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Aix.     Pop.  2253. 

FUzer,  fd'zdr^  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Aba-Uj- 
Var,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Kaschau.     Pop.  280. 

Fiizes,  fU'zdsh',  or  Fizesch,  fce'i^sh'  (L.  Sallvium), 
a  Wallachian  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Krasxna,  15  miles 
from  Somlyo.     Pop.  1200. 

Fiizcs  tiyarmnth,  fU^zish'  dyon'miVt',  a  town  of 
Hungary,  on  the  Bcrettyo,  equally  distant  from  Gyula  and 
Csaba.     Pop.  5735. 

Fuzi,  or  Fuzi-Yama,  Japan.     See  Fooser. 

Fy'an,  a  post-hamlet  of  Laclede  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Gas* 
connde  liiver,  20  miles  E.  of  Lebanon. 

Fyen,  an  island  of  Denmark.     See  Funex. 

Fyers,  a  river  of  Scotland.     See  FovEns. 

Fyrozpur,  India.    See  Ferozecoor. 

Fyum,  a  province  of  Egypt.     See  Fayoom. 

Fyvie,  fi'vee,  a  parish  of  Scotland,  co.  and  about  24 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Aberdeen.  Fyvie  Castle,  the  seat  of  Gor- 
don of  Fyvie,  is  a  stately  edifice  in  the  Scottish  baronial 
style.  Here  are  also  the  fine  ruins  of  Gight  Castle  and  of 
a  priory.     Pop.  4511. 

Fyzabad,  or  Faizabad,  fl-z&-b&d',  a  division  or 
oommissionership  of  India,  in  Oude,  comprising  the  dis- 
tricts of  Fyzabad,  Gonda,  and  Bharaich.  Lat.  2()°-2S°  I'M' 
N.;  Ion.  81°  5'-83°  15'  E.  Area,  7671  square  miles.  Ciip- 
ital,  Fyzabad.  Pop.  3,378,262.  Fyzabad  district  lies  about 
lat  26°-27°  N.,  Ion.  81°-82°  E.  Area,  1649  square  miles. 
Capital,  Fyzabad.     Pop.  1,437,009. 

Fyzabad,  or  Faizabad,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of 
the  above,  on  the  navigable  river  Goggra,  65  miles  by  nil 
E.  of  Lucknow.  It  is  the  seat  of  native  manufactures,  but 
has  much  declined  in  wealth  and  population.  Pop.  in  1891, 
79,500. 

Fyzabad,  a  village  of  Afghanistan,  on  the  Herri-Rood, 
32  miles  E.  of  Herat. 

Fyzabad,  a  town  of  Central  Asia.     See  Biidiikhsiiav. 

Fyzapoor,  or  Faizapur,  f  i'zi-poor',  a  town  of  India, 
Candeish  district,  lat.  21°  11'  N.,  Ion.  75°  53'  E.,  with  tin« 
mercantile  buildings.     Pop.  8456. 


G. 


(liaabense,  go'bdn-s^h,  a  village  of  Denmark,  on  the 

N.  coast  of  the  island  of  Falster. 

(■aad,  gM,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Torontal,  on 
the  Temcs,  12  miles  from  Detta.     Pop.  1125. 

Gnbardan,  gi'baR'd6N"',  or  Gavardan,  glVan^- 
Ab^',  an  ancient  vicomt6  of  France,  belonging  to  Condo- 
mois.  It  is  now  in  the  E.  of  the  department  of  Landes,  on 
the  S.W.  of  Lot-et-Garonne, 

Gabarrct,  giV'bau'Ri',  a  town  of  France,  in  Landes,  25 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Mont-de-Marsan.  Pop.  1334.  It  was  for- 
merly the  capiul  of  the  vicomt6  of  Gabardan. 

Gabarus,  or  Gaberouse,  gVba-roos',  a  iishing-ham- 
Ict  of  Cape  Breton  co.  and  island,  Nova  Scotia,  on  Gabarus 
Bay,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Louisburg. 

Gabas,gd^b&s',  a  vilkige  of  France,  in  Basses- Pyr6n6e8, 
30  miles  S.  of  Pau. 

Gabatnm,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Levrocx. 

Gabbiano,  gib-be-i'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
and  18  miles  S.W.  of  Brescia.     Pop.  2118, 

Gabel,  gi'bfl,  Gablou,  g4-blon',  or  Gablony,  gi- 
blo'nce,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  the  Adler,  37  miles  E.S.E. 
Bf  Koniggratz.     Pop.  2520. 


Gahel,  gi'b?l,  Gabdan,  gib'dow,  or  Jablona,  ja- 

blo'nA.,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  tho  Jungfcrnbach,  50  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Prague. 

Gabcia,  g£'bdM&,  or  GabcHa,  gh-hiV\h,  a  town  of 
Herzegovina,  on  the  Narenta,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Mostar. 

Gabellus,  the  ancient  name  of  Secchia. 

Gabera,  giisi'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  52 
miles  S.W.  of  Tarragona. 

Gabes,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Cabes. 

Gabian,  gi'be-ftv',  a  town  of  France,  in  IKJrault,  12 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Beziers.     Pop.  1211. 

Gabiano,  g4-be-i'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Alessandria,  12  miles  W.  of  Casalc,  on  the  Po.     Pop.  2681. 

Gabilan,  gi-ve-lin',  a  post-ofiBce  of  Monterey  co.,  Cal. 

Gabilan  (or  Gavilau)  Mountains,  California,  a 
long  ridge  extending  through  the  cos.  of  San  Mntco  and 
Santa  Cruz.     This  ridge  is  a  branch  of  the  Coast  Range. 

Gabion,  g3.'be-9n,  a  post-hamlet  of  Galveston  co.,  Tex., 
on  Galveston  Bay  and  Bolivar  Point,  6  miles  N.E.  of  6aU 
veston. 

Gabion,  or  Gablouy,  a  town  of  Bohemia.  SccGabel. 

Gablonz,  g&'blonts  (Bohemian,  Gablunka,  g&-bloon'- 


tJAB 


1235 


GAI 


k4),  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  the  Neisse,  8  miles  by  rail  S.  by 
E.  of  Reichenberg.  It  is  the  centre  of  an  extensive  trade 
in  ornamental  glass,  and  has  largo  cloth-factories  and  wool- 
gpinning  works.     Pop.  6752. 

Gaboon,  gi-boon'  (Fr.  Le  Gabon,  l§h  gi'b6s<»'),  a  river 
of  Western  Africa,  enters  the  Atlantic  near  the  equator. 
It  is  strictly  only  a  great  estuary  by  which  several  minor 
Streams  discharge  their  waters.  It  gives  name  to  a  French 
olonial  establishment;  capital,  Gaboon,  or  Gabon,  a  gur- 
Irisoned  post,  with  a  hospital,  a  mission,  and  a  good  harbor. 

Ga'briel  Chan'nel,  a  channel  in  the  Terra  del  Fuego 
glands,  lat.  64°  20'  S.,  Ion.  70°  40'  W.,  between  Dawson 
stand  and  the  E.  side  of  Mad.alcn  Channel,  having  Cape 
?roward  directly  opposite  its  N.AV.  extremity.     The  width 

^  the  channel  at  both  extremities  is  from  2  to  ^  miles ;  but 

tie  shores  approach  each  other  midway,  and  the  coast  on 

each  side  rises  abruptly  to  the  height  of  1500  feet.     Here 

the  squalls  called  by  mariners  "williwaws,"  so  frequent  in 

Terra  del  Fuego,  operate  with  great  violence. 

Ga'briel  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Williamson  co.,  Tex., 
18  miles  N.W.  of  Georgetown.  It  has  a  church  and  flour-mill. 

Gabriel's  Creek,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  1372. 

Gabrova,  or  Gabrowa,  gl-bro'vd,  written  also  Ka- 
browa,  a  town  of  Bulgaria,  on  the  Jantra,  20  miles  S.W. 
of  Tirnova,  and  15  miles  N.  of  Shipka  Pass.     Pop.  5000. 

Gac6,  gi'si',  a  town  of  FrancCj  in  Orne,  15  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Argcntan.     Pop.  1C49. 

Gacs,  gt\tch,  or  Gacz,  gJlts,  a  town  of  Hungary,  64 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  1200. 

Gadamis,  a  town  of  Africa.    Sec  Ghadamis. 

Gadawara,  gad-a-wah'ri,  a  town  of  the  Jubbulpoor 
division,  Central  Provinces,  British  India.     Pop.  9316. 

Gad'distown,  a  post-ofiRce  of  Union  co.,  Ga. 

Gad'dysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kobeson  co.,  JN.C,  1 
mile  from  the  boundary  of  South  Carolina. 

Gade,  gaid,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Herts,  after  a  S. 
course,  joins  the  Colne  near  Rickmansworth. 

Gadcbusch,  gd,'d§h-boosh*  (L.  De'i  Lu'cus),  a  walled 
town  of  Germany,  in  Mecklcnburg-Schwerin,  13  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Schwerin.  Korner  the  poet  fell  here  in  the  war 
of  the  liberation.     Pop.  2508. 

Gades,  the  Latin  name  of  Cadiz. 

Gadiaga,  a  country  of  Africa.    See  Galakt. 

Gaditanian.    See  Cadiz. 

Gaditannm  Fretum.    See  Strait  of  Gibraltar. 

Gadjatsch,  gid-yiteh',  Gad^tch,  gi-d4tch',  Ga- 
ditch,  gi-ditch',  or  Hadjatsch,  hM'ydtch',  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  60  miles  N.W.  of  Poltava,  on  the 
Psiol.     Pop.  8425. 

Gadmen,  gid'm^n,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Bern,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Sarnen.  It  is  hemmed  in  by  moun- 
tains, some  of  them  9000  feet  high.     Pop.  of  parish,  7S3. 

Gadoni,  g4-do'nee,  a  village  on  the  island  of  Sardinia, 
49  miles  N.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  701. 

Gadoo,  g4-doo',  a  native  state  of  Senegambia,  S.  of 
Fooladoo  and  Brooko.  It  is  mountainous,  is  well  watered 
by  the  Senegal,  and  has  mines  of  gold,  iron,  and  saltpetre. 

Gador,  gS.-doR',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  10  miles 
W.  of  Almeria,  on  the  Almeria  River.     Pop.  1621. 

Gads'den,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Florida,  border- 
ing on  Georgia,  has  an  area  of  about  550  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Ocklockonnee  River,  and  on 
the  W.  by  the  Appalachicola.  The  surface  is  mostly  covered 
with  forests ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  molasses, 
and  sweet  potatoes  are  the  staples.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Florida  Central  &  Peninsular  Rrailroad  and  the  Savannah, 
Florida  &  Western  Railroad.  Capital,  Quincy.  Pop.  in 
1870,  9802;  in  1880,  12,169;  in  1890,  11,894. 

Gadsden,  a  beautiful  post-village,  capital  of  Etowah 
CO.,  Ala.,  on  the  Coosa  River,  at  the  S.W.  end  of  Lookout 
Mountain,  about  70  miles  N.E.  of  Birmingham,  and  70 
miles  S.E.  of  Iluntsville.  It  has  10  churches,  2  banks,  2 
newspaper  offices,  blast-furnaces,  ice-factories,  4  saw-mills, 
and  2  planing-mills.  Pop.  in  1890,  2901.  Steamers  ascend 
the  river  from  this  point  to  Rome,  Qa. 

Gadsden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richland  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
South  Carolina  Railroad,  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Columbia.  It 
has  2  churches  and  2  general  stores. 

Gadsden,  a  post-village  of  Crockett  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Louisville  &  Memphis  Railroad,  76  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mom- 
phis.     It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy. 

Gads'hill,  England,  co.  of  Kent,  2i  miles  N.AV.  of 
Rochester,  famous  as  the  scene  of  Falstaff's  and  Prince 
Henry's  rencounter,  and  as  the  home  of  Dickens. 

Gae,  gi'i  or  gi,  a  village  of  Western  Africa,  in  Foota- 
Toro,  on  the  Senegal.    Lat.  16°  28'  N. ;  Ion.  15°  28'  W. 


Ga;strikland,  Sweden.    See  Gestriklaxd. 

Gaeta,  gi-i'ti  (anc.  Caie'ta  or  Ccje'tn  ;  Fr.  Griele,  gi' 
ait'),  a  strongly  fortified  seaport  of  Italy,  province  of  Cascrta, 
occupying  a  peninsula  on  the  N.W.  side  of  the  Gulf  of  Gnct.1, 
40  miles  N.W.  of  Naples.  It  has  a  handsome  cathedral,  9 
other  churches,  a  public  seminary,  hospital,  and  foundling 
asylum.  In  its  immediate  vicinity  stood  the  villa  of  Cicero, 
near  which  he  met  his  death,  B.C.  43.  It  is  the  see  of  an 
archbishop,  and  the  seat  of  some  trade ;  its  port  is  one  of 
the  best  in  Italy.  Gaeta  is  of  great  antiquity,  having  been 
a  place  of  resort  for  the  wealthy  Roman  families.  Pop.  of 
commune,  18,385.    See  Gulf  of  Gaeta. 

Gair'ney  City,  a  post-town  in  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C, 
20  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Spartanburg,  and  1  mile  from 
Limestone  Springs.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  manufiictures  of  canned  goods.    Pop.  1631. 

Gafsa,  Ghafsa,  ghf'sh,  or  Cai'sa,  kif's4  (anc.  C'ap'- 
«a),  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Tunis,  74  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cabes. 

Gag  or  Gaga,  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Gacy. 

Gage,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Nebraska,  bordering 
on  Kansas,  has  an  area  of  about  864  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Big  Blue  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by 
the  Big  Nemaha  River.  The  surface  is  undulating;  the 
soil  is  fertile  and  adapted  to  pasturage.  Wheat,  Indian 
corn,  oats,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products.  Limestone  of 
a  beautiful  cream  color,  and  a  good  building-stone,  crops  out 
on  the  Big  Blue  River  near  Beatrice.  This  county  contains 
extensive  prairies  and  has  not  much  timber.  It  is  partly 
traversed  by  the  Omaha  &  Southwestern  Railroad.  Cap- 
ital, Beatrice.  Pop.  in  1870,  3359;  in  1880,  13,164;  in 
1890,  36,344. 

Gage,  a  post-offlce  of  Yates  co.,  N.Y. 

Gage's  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co.,  III. 

Gage'towfl,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Tuscola  township,  about  36  miles  E.  of  Bay  City.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  bank,  and  a  carriage- factory.     Pop.  237. 

Gagc'town,  a  ])ost-town,  capital  of  Queens  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  river  St.  John,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Fred* 
ericton.     Pop.  of  parish,  1282. 

Gage  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Howard  co.,  Neb. 

Gage'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Miller  co..  Mo.,  30  miles  S.  of 
Jefferson  City.  It  has  a  furnace  for  smelting  lead,  and  rich 
mines  of  lead  (galena).     Pop.  about  100. 

Gaggcnau,  gig'gh^n-ow*,  a  village  of  Baden,  on  the 
Murg,  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Carlsruhe.     Pop.  1301. 

Gagliano,  gil-yi'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Aquila.     Pop.  1699. 

Gagliano,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Lecce,  on  the 
sea-coast,  near  the  extreme  S.E.  point  of  Itjvly.    Pop.  1953. 

Gagliano,  a  village  of  Sicily,  province  and  40  milea 
W.N.W.  of  Catania.     Pop.  4133. 

Gagliavola,  gd.l-yA-vo'li  (L.  Haliavola),  a  village  of 
Italy,  in  Piedmont,  28  miles  S.S.E.  of  Novara,  on  the 
Agogna.     Pop.  738. 

Gagy,  gi'ghee.  Gag,  g4g,  or  Gaga,  g4'gi,  an  island 
in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  Gilolo  Passage.  Lat.  (N.  pointy 
0°  20'  S.;  Ion.  129°  53'  E. 

Gahan'ua,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  0. 

Gaibiel,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Gaybikl. 

Gaidaronisi,  grDi-ro-nee'see,  or  Gaitharonisi 
(anc.  Hyetu'ga),  an  island  off  the  S.W.  coast  of  Asia  Minor, 
13  miles  S.  of  Samos.     Lat.  37°  28'  N. ;  Ion.  27°  E. 

Gaidaronisi  (anc.  Chryse  ?),  a  small  island  in  Turkey, 
in  the  Mediterranean,  on  the  S.  side  of  Crete.  Lat.  34°  33 
N. ;  Ion.  25°  45'  E. 

Gaikwar's  Dominion.    See  Baroda. 

Gail,  ghil  (Slavonian,  Silla,  sil'ld),  a  river  of  Austria, 
in  Carinthia,  flows  E.,  and  joins  the  Drave  near  Villach. 

Gaildorf,  ghil'donf^,  a  town  of  WUrtemberg,  on  the 
Kocher,  31  miles  N.E.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1460. 

Gaillac,  gih^yik'  or  giryilk',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Tarn,  13  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Alby,  on  the  Tarn.  It  has  a 
communal  college,  manufactures  of  wine-casks  and  turned 
wares,  and  distilleries.     Pop.  6099. 

Gaillac  TouIza,gah'yak'toorz.V,  a  village  of  France, 
in  Haute-Garonne,  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Murot.    Pop.  1972. 

Gaillan,  g4h^y5N»'  or  giiry6j.-o',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Gironde,  1  mile  N.N.W.  of  Lesparre.     Pop.  2377. 

Gaillard's  (ga'lardz)  Cross  Roads,  a  post-oflSce  of 
Sumter  co.,  S.C. 

Gaillon,  gdh\v6>'"'  or  giry6N»',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Eure,  S  miles  E.S.E.  of  Louviers,  and  48  miles  by  rail  N.W. 
of  Paris.     Pop.  3126. 

Gaines,  ginz,  a  county  in  tho  N.W.  of  Texas,  bounded 
W.  by  New  Mexico. 

Gaines,  or  Gaines  Station,  a  post-viU vge  of  Gone> 
see  CO.,  Mich.,  in  Gaines  township,  on  the  Detroit  Jb  MU 


OAI 


1336 


OAL 


waukM  Railr<Mu],  (tS  milea  N.W.  of  Detroit,  and  16  miles 
S.W.  of  Flint.  It  baa  S  ohurclies,  a  graded  lehool,  and 
manufaoturM  of  lumber  and  staves.  Pop.  In  ISttO,  HU4;  of 
the  townvbip,  nui.     The  po»(-offioe  is  Uaincs  Station. 

GaineSf  a  township  or  Kent  oo.,  Miuli.,  traversed  by 
the  railroad  from  Kalamaxoo  to  Qrand  Kapids.     Pop.  1273. 

CiaineSt  a  post-village  of  Orleans  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Gaines 
township,  about  6  miles  S.  of  Lake  Ontjirio,  and  .30  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Koohestor.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  tannery. 
Pop.  250.  The  township  is  intersected  by  the  Erie  Canal. 
PojK  2150. 

(>aines,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  eo.,  Pa.,  on  Pine  Creek, 
and  in  Gaines  township,  40  miles  N.  of  Lock  Haven.  It 
has  2  ehurches  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  440. 

Gaines  Basin,  a  hamlet  of  Orleans  oo.,  N.Y.,  in 
Gaines  township,  on  the  Eric  Canal,  li  miles  from  Albion. 

CSainesborough)  gunz'biir-rah,  a  post-villugo,  capital 
of  Jackfion  co.,  Tcnn.,  on  Cumberland  River,  68  miles  E.  by 
N.  of  Niishville.     It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  Ac.     Pop.  462. 

Gainesborough,  Virginia.    See  GAiNSBonouoH. 
•   Gaines*  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rappahan- 
nock CO.,  Va.,  IS  miles  W.  of  Warrenton.     It  has  a  church. 

Gaines  Farm,  a  hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  Mo.,  10  miles 
6.E.  of  Clinton. 

Gaines  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Chicot  co..  Ark.,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  about  U  miles  below  Arkansas  City. 

Gaines  Alill,  Virginia.    See  Cold  Harbor. 

Guines  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Winston  co.,  Miss.,  14  miles 
6.  of  Starkville.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill,  also  a 
ehurch. 

Gaines  Station,  Michigan.    See  Gaines. 

Gaincstown,  ganz'tSwn,  a  post-village  of  Clarke  co., 
Ala.,  on  the  Alabama  River,  60  miles  N.N.E.  of  Mobile. 

Gainesville,  ganz'vll,  a  post-village  of  Sumter  co., 
Ala.,  on  the  Tombigbee  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Noxu- 
bee, about  48  miles  S.W.  of  Tuscaloosa.  It  is  the  E.  ter- 
minus of  the  Gainesville  Branch  of  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Rail- 
road. It  has  a  national  bank,  5  churches,  the  Gainesville 
Female  Academj-,  a  newspaper  office,  and  8  dry-goods  stores. 
Pop.  in  1880,  960;  in  1890,  1017. 

Gainesville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Greene  co..  Ark., 
about  77  miles  E.N.E.  of  Batesville.  It  has  a  church,  an 
academy,  a  newspaper  office,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.  Pop.  about  400. 

Gainesville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Alachua  co., 
Fla.,  70  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Jacksonville,  and  67  miles 
N.E.  of  Cedar  Keys.  It  has  8  churches,  a  seminary,  2 
banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  cotton-press,  a  cotton-seed-oil 
factory,  and  an  ice-factory.  It  is  a  resort  for  invalids. 
Pop.  2790. 

Gainesville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hall  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Atlanta  A  Richmond  Air-Line  Railroad,  53  miles  N.E. 
of  Atlanta.  It  is  a  pleasant  place  of  summer  resort,  and 
has  increased  rapidly  since  1870.  Two  or  3  weekly  news- 
papers are  published  here.  It  has  2  banks,  3  churches,  the 
Gainesville  College,  and  mineral  springs.    P.  (1890)  3202. 

Gainesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allen  co.,  Ky.,  about  22 
miles  S.E.  of  Bowling  Green. 

Gainesville,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co..  Miss.,  on 
the  Pearl  River,  about  45  miles  N.E.  of  New  Orleans.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  large  saw-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  700. 

Gainesville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ozark  co..  Mo., 
about  66  miles  S.E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  3  churches  and 
a  cotton-gin. 

Gainesville,  a  post-village  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y.  in 
Gainesville  township,  65  miles  by  rail  (44  direct)  E.S.E.  of 
Buffalo.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  an  academy,  and  manu- 
factures of  salt.  Pop.  about  500.  Gainesville  Station,  or 
East  Gainesville,  is  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  at  the  junction 
of  the  Silver  Lake  Railroad,  which  extends  7  miles  to  Perry. 

Gainesville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cooke  co.,  Tex., 
about  6  miles  S.  of  the  Red  River,  and  34  miles  W.  of  Sher- 
man. It  hag  a  court-house,  a  bank,  11  churches,  a  high 
school,  a  cotton-compress,  brick-works,  architectural  iron- 
works, and  2  daily  and  3  weekly  newspaper  offices.  Pop. 
in  1890,  6594. 

Gainesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prince  AVilliam  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad  (Manassas  division),  36 
miles  W.  of  Alexandria. 

.  Gainesville  Centre,  a  hamlet  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Gainesville  township,  1  mile  from  Gainesville  Station. 

Gainfahrn,  Gainvarn,  ghin'fann,  or  Confurn, 
kod'faan,  a  village  of  Austria,  4  miles  from  Baden.    P.  1719. 

Gain'ford,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Durham,  on 
the  Tees,  7J  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Darlington.  Pop.  840 ; 
©f  parish,  7103. 

Gains'boroagh,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  16  miles 
N.W.  of  Lincoln,  on  the  Trent,  at  the  junction  of  several 


railways  and  canals.  The  town  is  densely  built,  clean, 
and  well  paved  and  lighted.  It  has  a  church,  a  grammar- 
school,  town  hall,  neat  theatre,  a  curious  ancient  hall,  said  to 
have  been  a  iialaco  of  John  of  Gaunt,  and  a  workhouse. 
Chief  foreign  imports,  linseed,  rape-seed,  bones,  and  timber; 
exports,  Manchester,  Birmingham,  and  Sheffield  manufac- 
tures.    Pop.  7504. 

Gains'borough,  a  post-village  of  Frederick  co.,  Va., 
about  10  miles  N.W.  of  Winchester.     It  has  2  churches, 

Gairing,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Gajak. 

Gairloch,  g4r'loK,  a  branch  of  the  Firth  of  Clyde,  co. 
of  Dumbarton,  Scotland,  opposite  Greenock.  Length,  7 
miles. 

Gairloch,  Nova  Scotia.    See  New  OAint.ocn. 

Gairo,  ghi'ro,  a  village  of  Sardinia,  3  miles  from  La- 
nusci.     Pop.  1370. 

Gairsa,  gir'sA,  or  Gairsay,  gir'sA,  one  of  the  Ork- 
ney Islands.     Length,  2  miles.     Pop.  71. 

(•ais,  ghice,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  4 
miles  N.E.  of  AppcnzcU,  on  the  S.  declivity  of  the  Giibris 
Mountains,  2900  feet  above  the  sea.     Pop.  2662. 

Gaittiarouisi,  island.    Bee  Gaiharonisi. 

Guither's,  gfi'th^rz,  a  station  in  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railro.ad,  33  miles  W.  of  Baltimore. 

Gaithcrsburg,  ga'thcjrz-burg,  a  post-village  of  Mont- 
gomery CO.,  Md.,  on  the  Metropolitan  Branch  of  the  Balti- 
more A  Ohio  Railroad,  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Washington, 
D.C.     It  has  2  churches  and  2  stores.     Pop.  about  150. 

Giyandragharh,  India.  See  Gudjunturgukii. 

Gi\jar,  goh'yon',  or  Gairing,  ghi'ring\  a  market- 
town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  24  miles  N.N.W.  of  Presburg,  on 
the  Rudana.     Pop.  3603. 

G{\idobra,  ghrdo'brCh',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Bacs,  7  miles  from  Palanka.     Pop.  2421. 

Givjera,  a  town  of  India,  district  of  Baroacb.     P.  52.^9. 

Gnjssin,  or  Hajssin,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Podolia, 
20  miles  E.  of  Bratslav.     Pop.  9417. 

Gakova,  goh*ko'v5h\  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Bics.     Pop.  2261. 

Galacz,  a  town  of  Moldavia.     See  Galatz. 

Galadzet  (gi-lid-zfif)  Hills, a  range  in  British  B»r- 
mah,  100  miles  N.  of  Rangoon.  They  are  steep  and  rugged, 
and  extend  for  about  60  miles  from  E.  to  W. 

Galam',  Ki^jaaga,  ki-j&'gfi,,  or  Gadiaga,  a  coun- 
try of  Africa,  in  Senegambia,  intersected  by  the  parallel  of 
14°  45'  N.  and  by  the  meridian  of  13°  10'  W.  It  occujiics 
a  narrow  space  along  the  Senegal,  and  is  divided  by  the 
Falcm6  into  two  parts,  of  which  the  W.  is  called  Goy6, 
Guog,  or  Lower  Galam,  and  the  E.  Kamera,  or  Upper  Galam. 
It  is  fertile,  and  rich  in  vegetable  products;  the  rivers 
abound  with  fish,  crocodiles,  and  hippopotami,  and  the  for- 
ests with  lions,  elephants,  wild  boars,  and  apes.  The  in- 
h.abitants  are  an  industrious,  agricultural,  and  commercial 
people,  extensively  employed  as  carriers.  The  sujirenio 
j)ower  is  conferred  according  to  the  principle  of  collateral 
succession,  but  the  authority  of  the  chief  is  restricted  by  a 
national  council. 

Galam,  gi'lAm',  or  Fort  Saint  Joseph,  a  town  of 
West  Africa,  capital  of  the  above  country,  on  the  Senegal 
River. 

Galantha,  giMdn'tA',  a  village  of  Hungary,  29  miles  E. 
of  Presburg.     Pop.  1600. 

Galapagos,  gi-li'pA-goce,  commonly  pronounced  in 
English  gal-la- pi'giis  (Ger.  Schildkroteuiniieln,  shilfkrii- 
ten-in's?ln,  or  "Tortoise  Islands;"  Fr.  Gallnpnffos,  girii^- 
pi'gos',  lies  dea  Tortues,  eel  di  touHii',  "Islands  of  the 
Tortoises"),  a  group  of  islands  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  on  and 
near  the  equator,  between  Ion.  89°  and  92°  W.,  730  miles 
W.  of  the  coast  of  Ecuador,  South  America,  and  consisting 
of  6  principal  and  7  small  islands,  the  largest,  Albemarle 
Island,  being  60  miles  in  length  by  15  miles  in  breadth 
and  reaching  an  elevation  of  4000  feet.  All  are  volcanic, 
and  abound  in  lavas.  They  are  frequented  by  turtles  of 
enormous  size,  and  the  birds,  animals,  and  plants  are  gen- 
erally of  very  marked  and  peculiar  species.  On  Charles 
Island  a  small  colony  of  Ecuadorians  was  planted,  forming 
a  penal  settlement;  but  the  group  is  now  nearly  unpeoiiled. 
The  principal  islands  are  A  Ibemarlt,  indefatigable,  Chatham, 
Charles,  James,  Narborough,  Hood,  Barrington,  Bindloes, 
and  Abingdon. 

Galapagos  Islands,  an  unimportant  group  of  the 
West  Indies,  Bahamas,  N.  of  Abaco. 

Galaroza,  gi-li-ro'thi,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
58  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Iluelva,  on  the  Martiga.     Pop.  1726. 

Galashiels,  gara-sheelz',  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  cos.  of 
Roxburgh  and  Selkirk,  at  a  railway  junction,  5  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Melrose.    It  is  irregularly  built  of  stone  on  both 


GAL 


1237 


GAL 


sides  of  the  Gala,  and  has  2  branch  banks,  and  flourishing 
manufactures  of  stockings,  flannels,  blankets,  shawls, 
tweeds,  and  plaids.     Pop.  10,312. 

Galata,  gi'Ii-tS,,  the  largest  suburb  of  Constantinople, 
on  the  N.  side  of  the  Golden  Horn,  f  of  a  mile  W.  of  the 
Seraglio  Point.  It  is  about  4  miles  in  circumference. 
The  wall  which  divided  it  from  Pera  has  been  removed, 
and  the  space  is  occupied  by  streets.  The  inhabitants  are 
mostly  European  Christians,  and  Galata  is  the  chief  seat 
of  the  foreign  trade  of  the  Turkish  capital.  It  has  Roman 
Catholic,  Greek,  and  Armenian  churches,  a  remarkable 
tower  140  feet  in  height,  and  the  custom-house  for  the  port 
of  Constantinople.  Two  floating  bridges  connect  it  with 
the  main  city. 

C^alata,  a  village  and  cape  of  Bulgaria,  on  the  Black 
Sea,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Varna. 

Galata,  a  village  of  Greece,  in  ^Etolia,  W.  of  Lepanto, 
near  the  Phidaris. 

Galatia,  Saline  co..  111.    See  Gallatia. 

Galatone,  gi-lJ.-to'n4,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
17  miles  S.AV.  of  Lecce.  It  has  a  castle,  several  convents, 
and  manufactures  of  olive  oil.     Pop.  5559. 

Galatro,  gi-I.\'tro,  a  town  of  Ituly,  province  of  Reggie 
di  Calabria,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Palmi.     Pop.  1944. 

Galatz,  g^'lits,  Galacz,  or  Galatch,  g^'litch  (anc. 
Axiop'olia  f),  a  town  of  Roumania,  in  Moldavia,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Danube,  between  the  confluences  of  the  Sereth 
and  the  Pruth  with  that  river,  and  on  the  Roumanian  Rail- 
way. Lat.  45°  26'  12"  N. ;  Ion.  28°  2'  58"  E.  The  older 
parts  of  the  town  consist  of  miserable  wooden  houses  or  huts, 
confusedly  huddled  together  and  forming  a  series  of  nar- 
row, filthy,  and  irregular  streets.  In  the  newer  quarters 
are  numerous  well-built  houses  of  stone.  There  are  hero 
several  Greek  churches,  a  convent,  a  hospital,  and  a  large 
bazaar,  always  well  filled  with  merchandise.  The  lower 
part  of  Galatz  consists  almost  entirely  of  warehouses,  but  is 
ill  drained  and  badly  paved.  Galatz  is  the  principal  port 
in  the  principality,  except  Brahilov,  and  a  medium  of  the 
commerce  carried  on  between  Germany  and  Constantinople, 
vessels  of  300  tons  being  able  to  ascend  the  Danube  thus 
far.  Its  trade  was  formerly  in  the  hands  of  the  Greeks, 
but  many  English  and  other  foreign  houses  have  estab- 
lished themselves  there.  The  principal  exports  are  grain, 
wine,  planks  and  deals,  wool,  tallow,  and  preserved  meats. 
Pop.  80,000. 

Ga'ia  Water,  a  river  of  Scotland,  rises  in  the  Muir- 
foot  Hills,  CO.  of  Edinburgh,  flows  mostly  S.S.AV.,  and  joins 
the  Tweed  close  to  Abbotsford. 

Galaxidi,  gi-lix'e-do  (anc.  (En'the),  a  seaport  town  of 
Greece,  in  Phocis,  on  the  Gulf  of  Salona,  12  miles  S.  of  Sa- 
lona.  It  has  two  harbors,  and  was  one  of  the  most  flourish- 
ing commercial  towns  in  Greece.     Pop.  4127. 

Gal'braith's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  oo..  Mo., 
10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Clinton. 

Gaidar,  gil-dan',  or  Galdas,  gil'dls,  a  village  of  the 
Gran  Canaria  Island,  on  its  N.W.  coast,  5  miles  N.W.  of 
Palmas.     Pop.  195(5. 

Gale,  a  post-office  of  Woodbury  co.,  Iowa. 

Gale,  a  township  of  Trempealeau  co.,  AVis.,  bounded  S. 
by  the  Black  River.     Pop.  1745.     It  contains  Galesville. 

Galeata,  gkAh-h'th,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  on 
the  Ronco,  about  30  miles  S.  by  AV.  of  Ravenna.  Pop.  3934. 

Galega,  gl-li'gi,  a  small  island  in  the  Indian  Ocean, 
N.E.  of  Madagascar.     Lat.  10°  29'  50"  S. ;  Ion.  50°  45'  E. 

Ga'len,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  5408.  It 
contains  the  village  of  Clyde. 

Gale'lia,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Jo  Daviess  co.,  111.,  is  pic- 
turesquely situated  on  the  Galena  River,  6  miles  from  its 
entrance  into  the  Mississippi.  Bv  railroad  it  is  17  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Dubuque,  and  133  miles' W.N.W.  of  Chicago.  It 
is  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  (Northern  division),  and 
is  a  terminus  of  the  Galena  &  Southern  Wisconsin  Railroad. 
Steamboats  can  ascend  the  river  to  this  place,  which  is 
about  100  miles  by  water  above  Davenport,  Iowa.  The 
Galena  River  here  flows  between  picturesque  limestone 
bluffs,  and  the  houses  are  built  on  several  terraces  at  various 
elevations.  Galena  contains  a  custom-house,  2  national 
banks,  a  high  school,  10  churches,  and  printing-offices  which 
issue  a  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers;  also  the  North- 
western German-English  Normal  School,  organized  in 
1868.  It  has  2  foundries  with  machine-shops,  2  steam 
flour-mills,  2  furniture-factories,  a  planing-mill,  2  shoe-fac- 
tories, a  lumber-mill,  and  a  sash-  and  blind-factory.  The 
principal  exports  are  lend  (mined  and  smelted  in  the  vicinity), 
zinc,  dairy-products,  and  grain.     Pop.  in  1890,  5635. 

Galena,  a  post-village  of  Floyd  co.,  Ind.,  8  miles  N.W. 
of  New  Albany.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flouring-mill. 


Galena,  a  township  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Mich- 
igan line.     Pop.  833. 

Galena,  a  post-village  of  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas,  7  miles 
from  Baxter  Springs.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  2  news- 
paper offices,  and  zinc-smelting-works.    Pop.  in  1890,  2496. 

Galena,  a  post- village  of  Kent  co.,  Md.,  near  the  Kent 
County  Railroad,  about  42  miles  E.  of  Baltimore,  and  I  mile 
S.  of  the  Sassafras  River.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy, 
a  seminary  for  girls,  and  a  machine-shop.     Pop.  266. 

Galena,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Stone  co.,  Mo.,  on  tho 
James  River,  about  32  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Springfield.  It  has 
a  newspaper  office  and  several  general  stores  and  business 
houses.    Lead  ore  (galena)  is  found  near  it.    Pop.  aliout  200. 

Galena,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dodge  co..  Neb.,  2i  miles 
from  Scribner,  and  24  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Fremont. 

Galena,  a  post-village  of  Lander  co.,  Nev.,  on  Reeso 
River,  about  70  miles  N.  of  Austin.  It  is  15  miles  S.  of 
Battle  Mountain.     Gold,  silver,  and  lead  are  found  here. 

Galena,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  0.,  in  Berkshire 
township,  on  the  Cleveland,  Mount  Vernon  &  Columbus 
Railroad,  19  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Coiumbus.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  high  school,  manufactures  of  carriages  and  farming-im- 
plements, and  a  money-order  post-office.     Pop.  about  500. 

Galena,  a  village  of  Scioto  co.,  0.,  in  Brush  Creek 
township,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Portsmouth.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  large  tannery.    The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Rarden. 

Galena,  a  mining  post-villnge  of  Lawrence  co.,  S.D., 
among  the  Black  Hills,  about  200  miles  S.W.  of  Bismarck. 
It  has  mines  of  gold  and  silver,  2  saw-mills,  a  quartz-mill, 
and  a  smelting-furnace. 

Galena  Mountain,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  San  Juan 
Mountains,  in  lat.  37°  50'  N.,  Ion.  107°  34'  8"  W.  Its 
altitude  is  13,290  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Galenstock,  gi'l?n-stok\  a  mountain  of  Switzerland, 
cantons  of  Valais  and  Uri,  forming  by  its  N.E.  side  one  of 
the  barriers  of  the  magnificent  glacier  in  which  the  Rhone 
has  its  source.     Its  loftiest  summit  exceeds  1 1,000  feet. 

Galco'ta  Point,  the  S.E.  point  of  the  island  of  Trin- 
idad, in  the  West  Indies.     Lat.  10°  9'  N.;  Ion.  60°  59'  W. 

Gal  era,  g4-ld,'rA,  a  deserted  but  picturesque  village  of 
Italy,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Rome,  on  the  Arrone. 

Galera,  gi-li'rS,,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  prov- 
ince and  70  miles  N.E.  of  Granada.     Pop.  1960. 

Galera,  a  village  of  Spain,  province  of  Tarragona,  6 
miles  S.W.  of  Tortosa.     Pop.  1408, 

Galera,  g3,-14'ri,  a  river  of  Brazil,  in  Matto-Grosso, 
joins  the  Guapore  50  miles  N.N.W.  of  the  city  of  Matto- 
Grosso,  after  a  course  of  about  90  miles. 

Galera,  gi-lA'ri,  a  point  in  the  United  States  of  Co- 
lombia, 28  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cartagena,  bounding  a  bay  of 
its  own  name  on  the  N.     Lat.  10°  51'  N. ;  Ion.  75°  25'  W. 

Galci,a,  g^-ld.'r5.,  an  island  of  the  Pacific,  one  of  the 
Solomon  Islands.     Lat.  9°  15'  S.;  Ion.  161°  30'  E. 

Gales,  the  Spanish  for  Wale.s. 

Galesburg,  gailz'burg,  a  city  of  Knox  co..  III.,  53 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Peoria,  164  m^les  W.S.W.  of  Chicago,  43 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Burlington,  Iowa,  and  99  miles  N.E.  of 
Quincy.  It  is  directly  connected  with  all  these  cities  by 
four  divisions  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &,  Quincy  Rail- 
road,  which  meet  here.  It  is  surrounded  by  fertile  prairies, 
and  is  noted  for  its  educational  institutions.  It  contains 
about  1 5  churches,  a  high  school,  a  city  library  of  over  700G 
volumes,  3  national  and  2  state  banks,  tho  Lombard  Uni- 
versity (Universalist),  which  was  founded  in  1857,  and 
Knox  College,  which  was  organized  in  1841  and  has  a 
library  of  about  7000  volumes.  Two  daily  and  3  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.  It  has  several  foundries 
and  machine-shops,  and  manufactures  of  brooms,  corn- 
planters,  carriages,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  15,264. 

Galesburg,  a  post-village  of  Jasper  co.,  Iowa,  TO  miles 
S.E.  of  Newton,  and  about  38  miles  E.  of  Des  Moines.  It 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  300. 

Galesburg,  a  post-village  of  Neosho  co.,  Kansas,  11 
milts  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Parsons.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  300. 

Galesburg,  a  post-village  of  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Comstock  township,  on  the  Kalamazoo  River,  and  on  the 
Michigan  Central  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of  the  cit^'  of  Kala- 
mazoo. It  has  a  money-order  post-office,  4  churches,  a 
flour-mill,  a  bank,  a  public  school,  a  windmill-factory,  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  702. 

Galesburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jasper  co.,  Mo.,  6  miles 
N.  of  Oronogo.     It  has  a  flouring-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Galesburg,  Campbell  co.,  Va.    See  Pigeon  Run. 

Gales  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Oregon. 

Gale's  Crossing,  a  station  of  the  Fitchburg  &  Wor- 
cester Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Fitchburg,  Mass. 


OAL 


1238 


UAL 


Gale*8  Perry,  »port<hMnlet  of  Kew  London  eo.,  Conn., 
•n  the  river  Thames,  8  luilM  below  Norwich,  and  J  mile 
firora  Montville  Stntion.     It  has  a  church. 

Gales  ToWB«  a  poet-hnmlet  of  Dorchestor  oo.,  Md., 
on  the  Nftntiooke  Kivcr.  nbout  22  miles  E.  of  Cambridge.  It 
bms  ft  church,  a  iionr-uiill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

GalesTille,  Ghorokco  co.,  Ala.    Soo  QAYi.Ksrii.LE. 

Galesville,  gaili'vll,  a  nost-offiee  and  station  of  Piatt 
00.,  111.,  in  Sangamon  township,  on  the  Chicago  A  Paduoah 
Railroad,  10  miloe  from  Monticollo,  and  150  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Ghiea^. 

Galesrille,  a  hamlet  of  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md.,  on 
West  Kivcr,  15  miles  8.  of  Annapolis.     Pop.  about  75. 

Gaiesville,  New  York.     See  Middlr  Falls. 

C<alcsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Douglas  co.,  Oregon,  40 
miles  8.  of  Ko^eburg. 

Galesville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Trempealeau  oo.. 
Wis.,  on  Beaver  Creek,  about  21  miles  N.  by  W.  of  La 
Crosse,  and  15  miles  E.N.B.  of  Winona.  It  is  the  seat 
of  Qalcsville  University  (Methodist  Episcopal),  which  was 
organized  in  1856.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded 
school,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  newspaper  oflSce.    Pop.  (1S90)  5.37. 

Gale'ton,  a  post-village  of  Potter  co.,  Pa.,  5  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Gaines.  It  has  3  churches,  public  schools,  a 
tannery,  Ac.     Pop.  about  400. 

Gale'ville  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  2 
miles  from  Shawangunk  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Gale'wood,  a  village  in  Cook  co.,  III.,  8  miles  by  rail 
W.  of  Chicago. 

Galga,  g4rg6h\  a  river  of  Hungary,  joins  the  Zagyva 
30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Pesth.     Length,  40  miles. 

Gaiiano  (gi-lo-&'no)  Island,  of  British  Columbia,  in 
Queen  Charlotte's  Sound.     Lat.  51°  9'  N. ;  Ion.  128°  2'  W. 

Galicia,  gal-ish'e-a  (Sp.  pron.  gil-lee'the-4  or  gi-lcc'- 
so-4 ;  anc.  Gallie'cia,  the  country  of  the  Gallae'ci),  an  old 
province  of  Spain,  with  the  title  of  kingdom,  now  a  captain- 
gencralcy,  forming  the  provinces  of  Corunna,  Lugo,  Orcnse, 
and  Pontevedra,  at  the  N.W.  extremity  of  the  Peninsula, 
between  lat.  41°  50'  and  43°  50'  N.  and  Ion.  6°  50'  and  9° 
15'  W.  Area,  10,876  square  miles.  Its  surface  is  generally 
mountainous,  and  its  principal  rivers  are  the  Minho,  Sil, 
and  Ulla.  The  forests  are  extensive,  and  feed  large  lierds 
of  hogs.  There  are  also  good  pasture- lands  and  wide  tracts 
of  heath.  Chestnuts,  maize,  rye,  flax,  potatoes,  wheat,  bar- 
ley, and  inferior  wine  form  the  principal  vegetable  prod- 
ucts. The  first  compose  most  part  of  the  food  of  the  Qali- 
cians ;  the  rest  are  partly  exported.  Sheep  and  horses  are 
extensively  reared.  The  mineral  products  comprise  copper, 
lead,  tin,  antimony,  marble,  and  jasper.  The  mass  of  the 
Galicians,  or  Gallegoi,  are  poor  and  ignorant,  but  hardy 
and  industrious,  and  they  make  the  best  laborers,  soldiers, 

and  servants  in  the  Peninsula.     Pop.  1,976,086. -Adj. 

and  inhab.  Qalle'cax  (Spanish,  Gallego,  gAl-yi'go)  and 
Qaliciax,  gal-ish'e-an. 

Galicia,  gal-ish'e-a,  or  Kingdom  of  Austrian 
Poland  (Polish,  Halicz,  hi'litch  ;  Hun.  Holies,  hil'litch* ; 
Gcr.  Giiflzien,  gi-lit'se-§n),  a  province  of  Austria-Hungary, 
in  Cisleithania,  composed  of  the  titular  kingdom  of  Lodo- 
nieria,  the  duchies  of  Auschwitz  and  Zator,  and  the  grand 
duchy  of  Cracow,  and  comprising  the  greater  part  of  Aus- 
trian Poland.  It  lies  between  lat.  47°  40'  and  50°  35'  N. 
and  I(m.  18°  55'  and  26°  25'  E.;  bounded  N.  by  Poland, 
N.E.  and  E.  by  Russia,  S.E.  by  Bukowina,  S.  by  Hungary, 
and  W.  by  Moravia  and  a  small  portion  of  Prussian  Silesia; 
greatest  length,  E.  to  W.,  325  miles ;  breadth,  towards  the 
E.,  where  the  widest,  a  little  W.  of  the  meridian  25°,  190 
miles,  thence  diminishing  westward.  Area,  30,307  square 
miles. 

Its  contour  is  generally  defined  by  natural  boundaries: 
OB  the  S.  by  the  Carpathians,  which  form  a  long  and  irregu- 
lar curve  along  its  frontier;  N.W.  by  the  Vistula;  S.E.  by 
the  Bialy  Czeratnos,  a  tributary  of  the  Pruth,  and  for  a  short 
distance  by  the  Dniester;  and  E.  by  the  Podhorce,  a  tribu- 
tary of  the  Dniester.  Part  of  the  N.  and  all  the  N.E.  are 
without  natural  boundaries.  The  great  physical  features 
of  the  country  are,  in  a  manner,  determined  by  the  Car- 
pathians and  their  ramifications.  The  loftiest  summit,  the 
Grertt  Kriwan,  has  a  height  of  8029  feet.  Galicia  is  partly 
traversed  by  the  great  watershed  which  divides  the  whole 
continent  of  Europe  into  two  great  basins.  The  chief  river 
on  the  N.  and  W.  of  this  watershed  is  the  Vistula,  which, 
before  quitting  the  frontier,  receives  the  Sola,  Raba,  united 
Poprad  and  Dunajec,  Wisloka,  and  San,  and  also  drains 
a  large  portion  of  the  E.  by  its  tributary  the  Bug.  The 
chief  rivers  on  the  other  side  are  the  Dniester,  which  rises 
near  the  centre  of  the  kingdom  and  flows  across  it  in  an 
E.S.E.  direction,  receiving  numerous  tributaries  on  both 


banks.  The  climate  is  severe,  particularly  in  the  S.,  where 
more  than  one  of  the  Carpathian  summits  are  beyond  the 
limit  of  perpetual  snow.  The  winters  are  long,  and  the 
summers  comparatively  short,  but  very  warm. 

In  the  more  mountainous  districts  the  soil  often  forms  a 
thin  covering  on  bleak  and  almost  barren  rocks,  whore 
scanty  pasture  only  is  obtained.  In  other  parts  of  the  same 
districts  both  the  quality  and  depth  of  the  soil  imj)rovc,  Wie 
pastures  become  excellent,  and  many  magniticont  forest! 
occur.  In  general,  where  the  elevation  is  small,  the  ground, 
more  especially  where  resting  on  limestone,  is  of  great  fer- 
tility and  yields  abundant  crops  of  corn  and  maize.  Hemp, 
flax,  and  tobacco  arc  also  extensively  grown.  The  domestie 
animals  include  great  numbers  of  horned  cattle,  generally 
of  a  superior  description,  and  a  fine  hardy  breed  of  horses, 
well  adapted  for  cavalry.  Sheep,  goats,  swine,  bees,  and 
poultry  abound.  The  minerals  include  marble,  alabaster, 
petroleum,  copper,  calamine,  coal,  iron,  and  rock  salt.  The 
last  two  are  of  much  importance.  Iron  occurs  in  parts 
of  the  central  Carpathian  chain,  and  bog-iron  ore  is  fre- 
quently met  with  in  extensive  seams  on  the  plains.  The 
rock  salt  is  particularly  abundant,  stretching  in  continuous 
beds  for  nearly  250  miles  along  the  base  of  the  CarjMithians. 
Manufactures  have  latterly  made  much  progress,  spirits, 
wooden-ware,  potash,  tar,  paper,  leather,  potter}',  and  glass 
being  leading  articles  of  manufacture,  'i'he  principal  ex- 
ports are  salt,  hides,  wool,  cattle,  wood,  coal,  anise-seed, 
linen,  and  brandy.  The  population  is  generally  of  Slavio 
race,  and  consists  of  two  principal  branches,  Polish  in  the 
W.  and  Russniak  (Little  Russian,  or  Ruthenian)  in  the  E. 
Of  religious  denominations  the  Roman  Catholic  is  the 
strongest,  but  many  of  its  members  are  of  the  Armenian  and 
Ruthenian  rites.  'There  are  many  Jews  in  the  province,  and 
some  Protestant  and  Greek  Christians.  Educational  estab- 
lishments, both  for  superior  and  ordinary  instruction,  are 
numerous.  At  the  head  of  the  former  stand  the  Universities 
of  Cracow  and  Lembcrg.  Schools  spread  over  the  whole 
country,  and  are  well  attended.  Capital,  Lembcrg.  Pop. 
(1890)6,607,816. Adj.  and  inhab.  Galician,  gal-ish'e-an. 

Ga'lien,  a  post-village  of  Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  in  Gallon 
township,  and  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  14  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Niles,  and  79  miles  E.  of  Chicago.  It  has  5 
churches,  2  banks,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of 
handles  for  hoes,  forks,  Ac.     Pop.  492. 

Galien  River,  Michigan,  a  small  stream  which  drains 
part  of  Berrien  co.  and  enters  Lake  Michigan  at  New 
Buffalo. 

Gal'igher,  a  post-office  of  Guernsey  co.,  0. 

Gal'ilee  (L.  Galila'a;  Gr.  TaXiXaXa),  a  province  of  an- 
cient Palestine,  comprising  the  country  W.  of  the  Jordan, 
from  Samaria  nearly  to  Sidon,  together  with  both  shores  of 
the  Lake  of  Galilee  (or  Tiberias).  It  was  the  northernmost 
of  the  main  divisions  of  Palestine  at  the  beginning  of  the 
Christian  era.     For  the  Sea  of  Galilee,  see  Lake  of  Taba- 

REEYAH. 

Gal'ilee,  a  township  of  Manitou  co.,  Mich.,  on  Great 
Beaver  Island,  in  Lake  Michigan.  It  is,  or  was,  a  Mormon 
settlement.     Pop.  163. 

Galinara,gd-le-ni.'r&  (anc.  Gallinaria),a,  small  island 
of  Italy,  2  miles  S.E.  of  Albenga. 

Galion,  gi'le-on  or  gi-le-dn',  an  island  on  the  N.E. 
coast  of  Java  and  the  E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Madura.  Lat. 
7°  S.;  Ion.  114°  13'  E. 

Gal'ion,  a  city  of  Crawford  co.,  0.,  at  the  junction  of 
2  railroads,  15  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Mansfield,  69  miles  N.  by 
E.  of  Columbus,  and  4  miles  S.S.W.  of  Crestline.  It  has  11 
churches,  3  national  banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  graded 
school,  2  machine  shops,  4  cigar-factories,  2  railroad-shops, 
a  foundry,  a  stcel-range-works,  brick-  and  tile-raachine- 
works,  a  planing-mill,  a  flour-mill,  3  carriage-factories,  a 
wheel-factory,  saw-mills,  a  lounge-factory,  Ac.  Pop.  in 
1890,  6326. 

Galistes,  gi-lees'tSs,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura, 
42  miles  N.N.W.  of  Caceres.     Pop.  1052. 

Galita,  gi'lce'ti  (anc.  Cal'athef),  an  island  of  the 
Mediterranean,  off  the  N.  coast  of  Tunis.  Lat.  37°  31'  N. ; 
Ion.  8°  65'  E.  Between  it  and  the  mainland  are  the 
Sorelli  Rocks. 

Galitch,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  IIalicz. 

Gal  itch,  gi'litch,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  60 
miles  N.E.  of  Kostroma,  on  Lake  Galitch.     Pop.  5620. 

Galiub,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Galvoob. 

Galinbijeh,  a  province  of  Egypt.   See  Galyoobeeteh. 

Gal'ivant's  Ferry,  or  Gal'iivant's  Ferry,  a  post- 
township  of  Horry  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1089. 

Galizien.     See  Galicia  (Austrian). 

Galkot,  g&l'kot',  a  small  town  of  Nepaul,  consists  of 


GAL 


1239 


GAL 


about  500  huts,  surrounding  the  house  of  the  chief,  lat. 
28°  17'  N.,  Ion.  83°  14'  E.,  76  miles  W.N.W.  of  Gorkha. 

Galkot,  a  territory  of  Nepaul.  It  is  very  small,  but 
well  cultivated,  and  has  copper-  and  iron-mines. 

Galla,  or  Also-Galla,  S,rsho'-gil'16h\  a  village  of 
Hungary,  eo.  of  Komorn,  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Steinberg, 
about  6  miles  from  Dotis.    Pop.  800. 

Gallaeci  and  Galla;cia.     See  Galicl\  (of  Spain). 

Gal'lagher's  Ranch,  a  post-office  of  Medina  co.,  Tex. 

Gal'lagherville,  a  station  in  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  1  mile  W.  of  Downingtown. 

Gal'laher,  a  station  in  Johnson  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Mis- 
souri Pacific  Railroad,  2.3  miles  W.  of  Sodalia. 

Gal'laher's,  a  station  in  Marion  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  Fairmont. 

Gal'laher's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Roane  co.,  Tenn. 

Gal'lant  Green,  a  post-office  of  Charles  co.,  Md, 

Gailapagos,  the  French  name  of  Galapagos. 

Gallarate,  gil-li-ri'tA,  a  town  of  Italy,  at  a  railway 
junction,  23  miles  N.W.  of  Milan,  with  cotton-mills. 
Pop.  7576. 

Gallardon,  giriaRMftn"',  a  village  of  Franco,  in  Eure- 
et-Loir,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Chartres.     Pop.  1671. 

Gallargues,  gUriang',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gard,  12 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Nfmes.     Pop.  1947. 

Gallas,  gdl'Iiz,  a  numerous  and  powerful  race,  chiefly 
inhabiting  a  territory  in  Eastern  Africa,  S.  of  Shoa,  but 
dispersed  in  great  numbers  over  the  countries  adjoining,  es- 
pecially N.  and  E.  They  are  divided  into  many  tribes,  but 
are  all  distinguished  by  the  same  general  characteristics, 
moral  and  physical.  Their  color  varies  from  black  to  brown- 
ish yellow.  They  are  tall,  with  spare,  wiry,  and  muscular 
bodies,  and  have  agreeable  countenances.  They  are  brave, 
but  ferocious  and  cruel,  massacring  in  war  alike  young  and 
old,  male  and  female.  Their  language  is  spoken  through- 
out a  great  region.  They  are  in  a  low  state  of  heathenism, 
have  no  priests,  and  know  only  about  a  Being  to  whom,  on 
particular  occasions,  they  sacrifice  a  cow  or  sheep  ;  but  to 
the  N.  and  E.  many  are  Mohammedans  and  some  profess 
Christianity.  They  are  not  negroes,  but  seem  to  be  allied 
in  language  and  blood  to  the  Kabyles  and  Copts. 

Gallatia,  or  Gaiatia,  gal-li'she-a,  a  post-village  of 
Saline  co.,  III.,  10  miles  by  rail  W.  by  it.  of  El  Dorado.  It 
has  5  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  district  school.  Pop.  619.  It 
is  in  a  fine  fruit-growing  district. 

Gal'latin,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an 
area  of  about  870  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  the  Wabash  River,  and  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Ohio  River, 
and  is  intersected  by  Saline  Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Louisville  <fc 
Nashville  Railroad,  and  the  Ohio  &  Mis.sissippi  Railroad, 
both  of  which  communicate  with  Shawneetown,  the  capital 
of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,134;  in  18S0,  12,861  ;  in 
1890,  14,935. 

Gallatin,  a  small  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kentucky,  is 
bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  S.  by 
Eagle  Creek.  Area,  130  square  miles.  The  surface  is  hilly. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  The  rock  which  lies  ne.xt  to  the  surface  is 
Silurian  (Trenton)  limestone.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
the  Louisville  <fe  Nashville  Railroad.  Capital,  AVarsaw. 
Pop.  in  1870,  5074;  in  1880,  4832;  in  1890,  4611. 

Gallatin,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Montana,  borders 
on  Wyoming.  Area,  2295  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Yellowstone  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Gallatin 
Fork  of  the  Missouri,  which  unites  with  two  other  forks 
on  the  W.  border  of  the  county.  The  river  formed  by 
this  junction  is  the  Missouri,  which  forms  part  of  the  W. 
boundary.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  mountainous.  The  soil 
of  Gallatin  valley  is  fertile,  and  produces  wheat,  oats, 
grass,  &o.  Mount  Gallatin,  in  this  county,  is  about  10,000 
feet  high.  Gold  and  coal  are  found  in  this  county.  A 
large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  pine  forests.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Ilozcman. 
Pop.  in  1870,  1578;  in  1880,  3643;  in  1890,  6246. 

Gallatin,  a  township  of  Clay  co..  Mo.  Pop.  3790.  It 
contains  Moscow. 

Gallatin,  an  incorporated  post-village,  capital  of  Da- 
Tiess  CO.,  Mo.,  on  Grand  River,  on  the  Southwestern 
Rranch  ofthe  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  and 
on  the  Chillicothe  &  Omaha  Branch  Railroad,  76  miles  N.E. 
of  Leavenworth,  and  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chillicothe.  It 
has  5  churches,  2  banks,  a  graded  school,  2  newspaper  oflBccs, 
a  planing-mill,  a  flour-mill,  and  manufactures  of  carriages 
aud  wine.    Pop.  in  1890,  1489. 


Gallatin,  or  Gallatin  City,  a  post-village  of  Gal- 
latin CO.,  Montana,  is  situated  at  the  point  where  the  Gal- 
latin, Jefferson,  and  Madison  Forks  unite  to  form  the  Mis- 
souri, 70  miles  S.S.E.  of  Helena.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Gallatin,  a  township  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  1361. 
It  contains  Gallatinville,  Ac. 

Gallatin,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Sumner  co.,  Tenn., 
is  on  the  Louisville  ifc  Nashville  Railroad,  26  miles  N.E.  of 
Nashville,  and  3  miles  N.  of  the  Cumberland  River.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  an  academy,  7  churches,  a  national 
bank,  1  other  bank,  2  flour-mills,  a  planing-mill,  a  foundry, 
a  woollen-mill,  a  large  cotton-factory,  a  college,  and  manu- 
factories of  carriages  and  farming-implements.  Two  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  2078. 

Gallatin  Range,  Montana,  a  range  of  mountains  on 
the  E.  side  of  the  Gallatin  River,  composed,  says  llayden, 
of  gneissic  and  quartzitic  beds  as  a  base,  with  a  great  thick- 
ness, 1700  to  1800  feet,  of  Lower  Silurian  strata  resting  un- 
conformably  upon  them.  The  carboniferous  limestones, 
which  are  very  hard,  form,  with  their  upturned  edges,  the 
very  summit  of  the  Gallatin  Range,  including  Bridger's 
Peak,  Union  Peak,  &c.  Bridger's  Peak  is  said  to  rise  about 
9000  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Gallatin  River,  or  Gallatin  Fork  of  the  Mis- 
souri, rises  at  the  base  of  Mount  Gallatin,  in  Montana. 
It  runs  nearly  northward,  and  unites  with  the  Jefferson  Fork 
at  Gallatin.  The  length  is  estimated  at  170  miles.  It  runs 
in  a  deep  and  narrow  canon  70  miles  long,  between  vertical 
walls  which  in  some  places  are  2000  feet  high.  The  rocks 
that  crop  out  here  are  Silurian,  Carboniferous,  and  Jurassic 
limestones.  "  The  Gallatin  River,"  says  Ilaydcn,  "  seems  as 
it  were  to  be  crowded  in  between  the  two  great  rivers  the 
Yellowstone  and  the  Madison,  and  it  has  therefore  cut  a 
continuous  gorge  through  the  rocks  for  more  than  70  miles, 
with  walls  on  either  side  rising  from  1000  to  2000  feet.  As 
a  geological  section  it  has  hardly  a  parallel  in  the  West." 
The  valley  through  which  the  river  flows  after  it  has  emerged 
from  this  canon  is  described  by  him  in  these  terms :  "  In 
beauty  and  fertility  the  valley  of  the  Gallatin  surpasses  all 
others  in  Montana  which  have  come  within  the  limits  of  our 
explorations." 

Gal'latinville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Rhinebeck  &  Connecticut  Railroad,  24  miles  N.E.  of 
Rondout. 

GaPlandet',  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  &  Lafayette  Railroad,  9  miles  S.E. 
of  Indianapolis. 

Gal'lauher,  a  township  of  Clinton  co..  Pa.     Pop.  252. 

GalMaway,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Tenn.,  28 
miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Memphis.     It  has  3  churches. 

Galle,  or  Point  de  Galle,  point  de  gil,  formerly 
Punto  Gallo,  poon'to  gil'lo,  a  seaport  town  of  Ceylon, 
on  its  S.W.  coast.  It  has  steam  and  telegraph  communi- 
cation with  Australia,  India,  and  Europe,  and  is  a  place  of 
much  commercial  importance.     Pop.  47,754. 

Gallego,  gll-yd'go,  a  river  of  Spain,  rises  in  the  Pyre- 
nees, and  joins  the  Ebro  about  1  mile  below  Saragossa, 
after  a  southward  course  of  80  miles. 

Gallego,  the  Spanish  name  of  Galicia. 

Gallegos,  gil-yi'goce,  a  small  and  rapid  river  of  Pata- 
gonia, enters  the  Atlantic,  opposite  the  Falkland  Islands,  in 
lat.  51°  33'  S.,  Ion.  69°  AV. 

Gallenkirch,  giri?n-keenK\  a  village  of  Austria,  in 
Tyrol,  about  35  miles  from  Feldkirch.     Pop.  1560. 

Galles,  the  French  for  AVales. 

Gallese,  gil-l.\'si,  a  village  of  Italy,  16  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Viterbo.  It  is  supposed  to  occupy  the  site  of  tlio  ancient 
Fesceit'nium.     Pop.  1378. 

GalMeyhead',  a  promontory  of  Ireland,  in  Munster, 
CO.  of  Cork,  between  the  Bays  of  Ross  and  Clonakilty. 

Gallia,  an  ancient  name  of  Franck. 

GaI'lia,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an  area 
of  about  440  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Ohio  River,  which  separates  it  from  West  Virginiii,  and  is 
intersected  by  Raccoon  Creek,  and  also  drained  by  Cam- 
paign and  Symmes  Creeks.  The  surface  is  mostly  hilly, 
and  more  than  one-third  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the 
ash,  beech,  chestnut,  hickory,  buckeye,  oak,  &c.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  has  beds  of  bituminous  coal  and 
carboniferous  limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Columbus, 
Hocking  Valley  <fc  Toledo  Railroad  and  the  Kanawha  & 
Michigan  Railroad.  Capital,  Gallipolis.  Pop.  in  1870, 
25,545;  in  1880,  28,124;  in  1890,  27,005. 

Gallia  Furnace,  a  post-village  of  Gallia  co.,  0.,  about 
20  miles  yf.  of  Gallipolis.  It  has  an  academy  and  an  iron- 
furnace.     Pop.  200. 


GAL 


1240 


GAL 


tiallinno,  gU.le-&'no,  »  Tillag«  of  Italy,  S.E.  of  Como, 
hM»ourioua  Lombard  ohuroh,  with  insoriptiont  of  the  fourth 
.and  frcMOM  of  the  eleventh  century. 

Galliate,  g&t-le-&'t&,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and 
4i  mlloa  E.N.E.  of  Novara.     Pop.  of  commune,  7018. 

Gnllica  FInvia,  a  snpnosed  ancient  niiine  of  Fraoa. 

Gallicnnn,  gAI-lo-k&'n&,  a  village  of  Italy,  19 miles  E. 
of  Uomo.     I'up.  1221. 

Gallicnuo,  g&l-Ie-k&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  16  milos  N. 
by  W.  of  liuoco,  no4ir  the  Serchio.     Pop.  2tt3:{. 

CiinllicO)  girio-ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Calabria,  near 
the  W.  coast,  province  and  5  miles  N.  of  lloggio.     P.  4265. 

Gnlliciiin  Fretuin.    Soe  Stuait  op  Dover. 

(•nllicii.s  Occauust    See  Bay  of  Biscav. 

Gallicus  SinuSf  tho  ancient  name  of  Gvvr  or  Lyons. 

Gnlligiiuna,  g&l-loon-y&'nJl,  or  Gallinianu,  g&l-le- 
ne-&'n&,  a  town  of  Austria,  4d  miles  S.E.  of  Triost. 

Galliiin,  gAl-loo'ni,  or  Gallinhas*  g&l-lcon'yils,  an 
Island  off  tho  W,  coast  of  Africa,  one  of  tho  Bissagos  group. 

Gallinaria,  tho  ancient  name  of  Galinara. 

GalliiiaS)  g&l-lco'n&s,  a  river  of  Western  Africa,  falling 
into  the  Atlantic  in  lat.  7°N.,lon.  11°  38'  W.,  and  formerly 
noted  for  tho  number  of  slaves  shipped  from  it. 

Gallinas  (g&Uleo'n&s)  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  San 
Miguel  CO.,  New  Mexico,  about  7  U  miles  R.S.E.  of  Santa  ¥6. 

Gallipoli,  g&l-lip'o-le  (anc.  CnlUp'olia),  a  seaport  town 
of  European  Turkey,  in  Koumelia,  on  the  E.  coast  of  the 
peninsula  of  Qallipuli,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Sea  of  Mar- 
mora, 132  miles  W.S.W.  of  Constantinople.  Lat.  40°  24' 
N. ;  Ion.  26°  40'  E.  Pop.  about  20,000.  It  has  two  ports, 
and  is  the  principal  station  of  the  Turkish  fleet.  Tho  town 
is  ill  built  and  dirty,  but  has  extensive  bazaars.  It  has 
manufactures  of  cottons,  silks,  and  earthenwares,  and  of  the 
best  morocco  leather  made  in  Turkey.  It  is  a  Greek  bish- 
op's see,  and  tho  residence  of  a  capidan  pasha. 

The  Peninsula  op  Gallipoli  (anc.  Tkra'cica  CJiersone'- 
•«»)  is  situated  between  lat.  40°  3'  and  40°  38'  N.  and 
Ion.  26°  10'  and  27°  E.,  extending  S.W.,  separating  the 
Hellespont  on  the  S.E.  from  the  iEgean  Sea  ond  Gulf  of 
Saros  on  the  W.  and  N.  Length,  63  milos ;  breadth,  from  4 
to  13  miles. 

Gallipoli,  gil-lip'o-le  (anc.  Callip'olis),  a  fortified  sea- 
port town  of  Naples,  province  of  Lecce,  29  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Otranto,  on  a  rocky  islet  in  the  Gulf  of  Taranto,  con- 
nected by  a  bridge  with  its  suburb  Lizza  on  the  mainland. 
It  is  well  built,  has  a  cathedral  and  a  castle,  and  is  noted  for 
its  extensive  cisterns  excavated  in  the  rock  and  used  for 
storing  olive  oil.  One  mile  W.  is  the  island  of  Sant'  An- 
drea, between  which  and  the  town  is  a  harbor,  with  from 
10  to  12  fathoms  of  water.  This  port  is  one  of  the  most  fre- 
quented in  Southern  Italy,  as  tho  great  mart  for  the  oil  of 
Apulia.  The  town  has  also  manufactures  of  muslins,  wool- 
lens, and  cotton  hosiery,  a  tunny-fishery,  and  an  active  trade 
in  corn,  wine,  and  fruits.  It  is  a  bishop's  see.  Here  tho 
date-palm  grows.     Pop.  9951. 

Gallipolis,  galMe-po-leece',  a  city,  tho  capital  of  Gallia 
CO.,  0.,  is  in  Gallipolis  township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about 
20  miles  below  Pomeroy,  and  50  miles  S.E.  of  Chillicotho. 
It  is  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Columbus,  Hocking  Valley  & 
Toledo  Railroad.  It  contains  a  court-house,  8  or  9  churches, 
a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  a  high  school,  the  Gallia 
Academy,  several  steam  flouring-mills,  and  manufactures 
of  leather,  lumber,  brooms,  furniture,  and  woollen  goods. 
One  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 
Pop.  in  1890,  4498;  of  the  township,  exclusive  of  the  city, 
861.     It  was  settled  by  the  French. 

Gallisteo,  gSl-lis't^-o,  a  post-oflSce  of  Santa  F6  oo.. 
New  Mexico,  about  25  miles  S.  of  Santa  F6. 

Gallit'zin,  a  post-borough  of  Cambria  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Altoona,  and  3 
miles  N.E.  of  Cresson.  It  is  nt  the  W.  end  of  the  great 
tunnel  through  the  Alleghany  Mountains.  It  baa  2  churches, 
public  schools,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufaotures  of  coke. 
Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  2392. 

Gallivant's  Ferry,  S.C.    See  Galivant's  Ferry. 

Gall'man,  a  post-haralet  of  Copiah  co..  Miss.,  on  the 
railroad  from  Now  Orleans  to  Jackson,  28  miles  S.S.AV.  of 
the  latter.     It  has  a  church  and  3  or  4  stores. 

Gallueukirchen,  gll'noi-kScRK'^n,  a  town  of  Upper 
Austria,  4  miles  N.N.E.  of  Stcyeregg.     Pop.  1125. 

GalMoo'  (or  Galloup,  gSrioo')  Island,  Jefi"erson 
CO.,  N.Y.,  is  in  the  eastern  part  of  Lake  Ontario. 

Galloupe's  (gJirioops)  Island,  Suffolk  co.,  Mass., 
lies  in  the  outer  harbor  of  Boston. 

Gal'IOAVay,  a  district  comprising  the  counties  of  Wig- 
town and  Kirkcudbright,  Scotland.  It  gives  tho  title  of 
"arl  to  the  Stewart  family. 


Gal'Ioway,  a  station  of  Pulaski  co..  Ark.,  on  the 
Memphis  A  Little  Rock  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of  Little  Hock. 

Galloway,  a  township  of  Christian  oo.,  Mo.    Pop.  480. 

Galloway,  a  township  of  Atlantic  oo.,  N.J.,  bordering 
on  tho  Atlantic,  and  on  Egg  Harbor  River  and  Great  Bay. 
Pop.  2860.     It  contains  Ocoanvillc,  Leeds  Point,  Ac. 

Gnlloway,a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,0.,in  Prairie 
township,  on  tho  Columbus,  Springfield  A  Cincinnati  Short- 
Lino  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Columbus.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  graded  school. 

(•all,  St.,  a  canton  of  Switscrland.     See  Saint  Gall. 

Gallucio,  g&l-loo'cho,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Cnserta,  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Gaeta.     Pop.  3110. 

Gai'lup,  a  pokt-village  of  Bernalillo  oo..  New  Mexico, 
158  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Albuquerque.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  coal-mines.  Pop. 
in  1S90. 1208. 

Gal'lupvillc,  a  post-village  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Wright  township,  about  26  miles  W.  of  Albany.  It  is  5 
miles  E.  of  Schoharie  Court-llouse.  It  has  3  churches, 
nearly  40  houses,  and  a  tannery. 

Gallura,  g&l-loo'r&,ono  of  the  foar  quarters  into  which 
tho  island  of  Sardinia  was  divided  in  tho  Middle  Ages.  It 
occupied  the  most  northern  part  of  the  island. 

Galluzzo,  gM-loot'so,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  3 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Florence.     Pop.  of  commune,  14,133. 

Galmis,  the  German  for  Charmey. 

Galoengong,  giiMoon^gong',  or  Galongong,g&Mon' 
gong',  a  volcano  of  Java,  not  far  S.  of  Batavia.     No  erup- 
tion of  this  mountain  was  on  record,  or  in  the  recollection 
of  the  inhabitants  around,  till  October  8,  1822,  when  a  fear- 
ful outburst  took  place  and  a  large  district  was  laid  waste. 

Galofaro,  gS-lo-fi'ro  (anc.  Chan/b'diii  f),  a  famous 
whirlpool,  immediately  outside  of  the  harbor  of  Messina,  in 
tho  strait  between  Italy  and  Sicily,  near  Capo  Faro.  Op- 
posite to  it,  on  the  coast  of  Italy,  is  the  rock  of  Scylla. 

Galoppe,  the  French  name  of  Gulpen. 

Galos,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Gols. 

Galsa,  gi!ll'soh\  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.and  about  12 
miles  from  Arad.     Pop.  2160. 

Galston,  gaws't^n,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  4 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Kilmarnock.  Weaving  and  coal-mining 
are  the  leading  industries.     Pop.  4727. 

Gait,  gawit,  a  post-village  of  Sacramento  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  27  miles  S.  of  Sacramento,  at  tho 
junction  of  the  Amador  Branch  Railroad. 

Gait,  a  post-village  of  Whiteside  co..  111.,  on  tho  Chicago 
&  Northwestern  Railroad,  3  miles  W.  of  Sterling.  It  has  a 
high  school  and  manufactures  of  cheese  and  machinery. 

Gait,  a  station  in  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Frederick  & 
Pennsylvania  Line  Railroad,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Taneytown. 

Gait,  a  post-village  of  Grundy  co.,  Mo.,  13  miles  by  rail 
N.E.  of  Trenton.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  Ac.     Pop.  653. 

Gait,  gawlt,  a  post-town  of  Waterloo  co.,  Ontario,  at  a 
railway  junction,  25  miles  N.N.W.  of  Hamilton.  The  town 
has  a  heavy  trade,  6  or  more  churches,  3  banks,  2  news- 
paper offices,  and  large  manufactures  of  flour,  axes,  paper, 
castings,  wooden-ware,  leather,  Ac.     Pop.  3827. 

Galtee  or  Galty  (gawl'tee)  Mountains,  of  Ireland, 
in  Munster,  extend  E.  and  W.  for  about  20  miles. 

Galtelli,  gil-tfil'le,  a  village  on  the  island  of  Sardinia, 
67  miles  S.K.  of  Sassari.     It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  798. 

Gait's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Amherst  co.,  Va. 

Ga'lum,  a  station  in  Perry  co..  III.,  on  the  Wabash, 
Chester  A  Western  Railroad,  23  miles  N.E.  of  Chester,  111. 

GaI'va,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co..  111.,  48  miles  by 
rail  N.N.W.  of  Peoria,  and  141  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chicago. 
It  has  a  high  school,  9  churches,  3  banks,  2  newspaper 
offices,  and  manufactures  of  pumps,  Ac.   Pop.  in  1890,  2409. 

Galva,  a  post-village  of  Ida  co.,  Iowa.,  23  miles  by  rail 
W.  by  N.  of  Sac  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  300. 

Galva,  a  post- village  of  McPherson  co.,  Kansas,  7  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  AlcPherson.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  380. 

Galveas,  gil-vi'Js,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Alomtejo, 
37  miles  W.S.W.  of  Portalegre.     Pop.  1417. 

GaI'veston,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Texas,  is 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  Galveston  Bay,  and  on  the  S.E.  by 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Area,  640  square  miles.  The  surface 
is  nearly  level,  and  the  soil  is  sandy.  This  county  includes 
a  long  narrow  island,  called  Galveston,  which  lies  between 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  West  Bay.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Gulf,  Colorado  A  Santa  F6  Railroad  and  the  Inter- 
national A  Great  Northern  Railroad.  Capital,  Galveston 
Pop.  in  1870,  15,290;  in  1880,  24,121;  in  1890,  31,476. 


GAL 


1241 


GAM 


Galveston,  n,  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.,  in  Jackson 
township,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  <t  St.  Louis  Railroad, 
16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Logan?port.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded 
echool,  a  pump-factory,  4c.     Pop.  about  550. 

Galveston,  a  port  of  entry,  the  seat  of  justice  of  Gal- 
veston CO.,  and  the  most  populous  and  commercial  city  of 
Texas,  is  situated  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  on  an  island 
at  the  mouth  of  a  bay  of  its  own  name,  about  550  miles  W, 
by  S.  of  New  Orleans.  It  is  214  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of 
Austin  City.  Lat.  29°  IS'  N. ;  Ion.  94°  50'  W.  The  island 
Df  Galveston,  which  separates  the  bay  from  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  is  about  30  miles  in  length  and  3  miles  in  breadth. 
The  surface  is  level,  and  has  a  mean  elevation  of  only  7  or 
8  feet  above  the  water.  The  bay  extends  northward  from 
the  city  to  the  mouth  of  Trinity  River,  a  distance  of  35 
miles,  and  varies  in  breadth  from  12  to  18  miles.  The  har- 
bor of  Galveston,  which  is  the  best  in  the  state,  has  12  or 
14  feet  of  water  over  the  bar  at  low  tide.  Galveston  is  one 
of  the  most  flourishing  ports  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and 
carries  on  an  active  trade.  The  chief  articles  of  export  are 
cotton,  hides,  grain,  and  flour.  Steamships  make  regular 
passages  from  this  port  to  New  York,  New  Orleans,  Morgan 
City,  Havana,  Liverpool,  Ac.  Galveston  contains  about  30 
churches,  a  Catholic  cathedral,  a  city  hall,  a  custom-house, 
a  United  States  court-house,  a  theatre,  an  opera-house,  a 
public  library,  a  large  city  hospital,  a  cotton  exchange,  3 
national  banks,  several  other  banks,  3  iron-foundries,  a  steam 
flour-mill,  several  machine-shops,  planing-mill?,  cigar- 
factories,  and  2  grain-elevators.  It  has  50  miles  of  street 
railway  operated  by  electricity.  Three  daily  newspapers 
are  published  here.  This  city  is  the  seat  of  the  University 
of  St.  Mary  (Ciitholic)  and  of  the  Texas  Medical  College. 
It  is  the  S.E.  terminus  of  the  Galveston,  Houston  <t  Hen- 
derson Railroad,  and  of  the  Gulf,  Colorado  A  Santa  F6 
Railroad.  The  value  of  the  annual  exports  is  about 
$33,000,000.  The  quantity  of  cotton  received  here  in  a 
year  is  nearly  1,000,000  bales.  Galveston  is  a  Catholic 
bishop's  see.  Pop.  in  1860,  73C";  in  1870, 13,818;  in  1880, 
22,248;  in  1890,  29,084. 

Galveston,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pittsylvania  co„  Va.,  on 
the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  24  miles  N.  of  Danville. 

Galveston  Bay,  Texas,  is  an  inlet  of  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  from  which  it  is  partly  separated  by  Galveston 
Island.  It  extends  northward  from  the  city  of  Galveston 
about  35  miles,  and  has  an  area  of  450  square  miles.  The 
Trinity  River  enters  it  at  the  northern  end. 

Galvcz,  gil'vfith,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  15  miles 
S.W.  of  Toledo.     It  has  manufactures  of  serge.     Pop.  2795. 

Galvez,  a  group  of  islands.    See  Hapai. 

Gaiway,  gawl'way,  a  maritime  county  of  Ireland,  in 
Connaught,  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Atlantic.  Area,  2342 
square  miles.  The  surface  in  the  W.  includes  Lakes  Cor- 
rib  and  Mask,  and  the  district  of  Connemara,  one  of  the 
wildest  and  most  mountainous  in  Ireland,  with  a  sea-coast 
deej;)ly  indented  with  inlets.  In  the  E.  it  is  mostly  flat  and 
sterile,  but  interspersed  with  bogs.  'Chief  rivers,  the  Shan- 
non, which  bounds  the  county  on  the  S.E.,  the  Black,  and 
the  Suck.  The  fisheries  are  valuable.  The  Irish  language 
is  in  many  districts  universal.  The  county  is  the  second  in 
extent  in  Ireland.  Capital,  Gaiway.  It  sends  four  mem- 
bers to  the  House  of  Commons, — two  for  the  countv  and  two 
for  the  chief  town.     Pop.  in  1881,  242,005  ;  in  1891.  214,256. 

Gaiway,  a  town  and  seaport  on  the  \Y.  coast  of  Ireland, 
capital  of  the  above  county,  is  situated  on  the  N.  side  of 
Gaiway  Bay,  at  the  W.  terminus  of  the  Midland  Great 
Western  Railway,  117  miles  W.  of  Dublin,  lat.  (light)  53° 
15'  12"  N.,  Ion.  9°  3'  3U"  ^Y.,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Corrib, 
issuing  from  Lough  Corrib,  and  across  which  there  are  two 
stone  bridges.  In  the  more  ancient  parts  of  the  town  the 
streets  are  narrow  and  irregular,  but  in  the  modem  portions 
the  streets  are  spacious  and  the  houses  in  general  handsome 
and  substantial.  The  town  is  well  lighted  with  gas,  and  is 
abundantly  supplied  with  water.  The  principal  buildings 
are  the  Queen's  College,  a  beautiful  structure  in  the  Eliza- 
bethan style,  the  collegiate  church  of  St.  Nicholas,  a  large 
old  edifice  in  the  decorated  English  style,  a  Catholic  cathe- 
dral, monasteries,  nunneries,  Presbyterian  and  Methodist 
meeting-houses,  the  county  and  town  court-houses,  both 
handsome  Grecian  structures,  the  prisons,  the  county  in- 
firmary, fever  hospital,  an  endowed  and  a  charter  school, 
the  custom-house,  the  union  workhouse,  and  barracks. 
The  buildings  of  the  Franciscan  Nunnery,  or  Convent  of 
St.  Clare,  and  of  the  Presentation  Convent,  are  extensive 
and  imposing.  The  grammar-school  is  a  spacious  and  neat 
structure.  The  benevolent  and  charitable  institutions  are 
the  town  infirmary  and  dispensary  and  the  fever  hospital. 
Qalway  is  not  a  manufactoring  place,  but  there  are  brew- 
79 


eries,  distilleries,  iodine-  and  salt-works,  a  paper-mill,  a 
foundry,  a  tan-yard,  and  several  flour-mills  in  the  town  aSid 
its  vicinity.  Its  retail  trade  is  considerable.  The  com- 
merce of  the  port  was  at  one  time  extensive,  but  has  now 
declined.  The  principal  exports  are  corn,  flour,  kelp,  mar- 
ble, wool,  and  provisions ;  imports,  timber,  wine,  salt,  coal, 
hemp,  tallow,  and  Swedish  and  British  iron.  It  is  a  bishop's 
see  (Roman  Catholic).  On  the  right  bank  of  the  Corrib, 
and  forming  a  suburb,  is  a  large  fishing  village,  called  Clad- 
dagh,  inhabited  by  a  peculiar  and  primitive  race  of  people. . 
The  borough  returns  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 
Gaiway  was  conquered  in  1232  by  the  Anglo-Normans  under 
De  Burgh,  many  of  whose  descendants  still  reside  in  the 
town.  During  the  Middle  Ages  it  had  a  flourishing  trade 
with  Spain,  whence  the  Moorish  character  of  its  architecture. 
Pop.  in  1841,  17,275;  in  1881,  15,471;  in  1S91,  13,746. 

Gaiway,  gawl'way,  a  handsome  post-village  of  Saratoga 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Gaiway  township,  10  miles  W.  of  Ballston  Spa. 
It  contains  3  churches  and  about  46  houses.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1945.  i 

Gaiway,  a  village  of  Tennessee.    See  Galix)WAT. 

Gaiway  Bay,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Ireland,  about  18 
miles  broad  at  its  mouth,  and  about  20  miles  long  from  E. 
to  W.     It  is  protected  by  the  Arran  Isles. 

Galwen,  gil-w6n',  a  town  of  Eastern  Africa,  in  the 
region  S.  of  Abyssinia,  on  a  river,  near  lat.  1°  43'  N.,  Ion. 
44°  35'  E.     Pop.  9000  (?). 

Galyoob,  Galinb,  gi-le-oob',  or  Kalyoob,  ki-le- 
oob',  a  town  of  Egypt,  capital  of  the  Galyoobeeyeh  province, 
at  a  railway  junction,  18  miles  N.  of  Cairo. 

Galyoobeeyeh,  Galiabyeh,  gil-yoo-bee'y?h,  or 
Kalyoobee'yeh,  a  province  in  the  Delta  of  Egypt. 
Chief  town,  Benha.     Capital,  Galyoob.     Pop.  188,275. 

Gamaches,  gi'misn',  a  town  of  France,  in  Somme,  14 
miles  S.W.  of  Abbeville,  on  the  Bresle.     Pop.  1840. 

Gamalero,  g4-mi-li'ro,  a  village  of  Italy,  9  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  1622. 

Gamaliel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Ky.,  28  miles 
S.  of  Glasgow.     It  has  a  church. 

Gambalarum,  gim-bi-14'rum,  a  river  of  Africa,  in 
Soodan,  falling  into  the  S.  extremity  of  Lake  Chad,  after 
a  course  of  about  85  miles,  direct  distance. 

Gambara,  gdm-bi'ri,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  19 
miles  S.  of  Brescia.     Pop.  2603. 

Gambarare,  gim-bi-ri'rd,  or  Gambararo,  gim- 
bl-rl'ro,  a  village  of  Italy,  9  miles  W.  of  Venice.     P.  3S05. 

Gambaroo,  gim-b4-roo',  a  ruined  town  of  Bornoo,  on 
the  Yeoo,  5  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Bimce.  It  was  formerly 
the  residence  of  the  sultans  of  Bornoo. 

Gambatesa,  g4m-b4-t4'sil,  or  Gambetesa,  g&m- 
bA-td'si,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  16  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Campobasso.     Pop.  3257. 

Gambia,  gim'be-a  (the  Stachir  of  Ptolemy),  a  river  of 
Western  Africa,  in  Senegambia,  the  centre  of  which  region 
it  traverses,  entering  the  Atlantic  at  Bathnrst,  110  miles 
S.E.  of  Cape  Verd,  in  lat.  13°  28'  N.,  Ion.  16°  35'  W.,  after 
a  W.N.W.  course  estimated  at  upwards  of  1000  miles.  At 
its  mouth  it  is  about  4  miles  across,  but  immediately  within 
this  its  width  is  doubled,  and  a  ship  may  ascend  it  for  about 
150  miles.  It  has  numerous  afiluents,  and  the  Casamanza, 
which  enters  the  Atlantic  about  60  miles  farther  S.,  is  con- 
sidered one  of  its  arms. 

Gambia,  a  British  colony  of  Western  Africa,  consist- 
ing of  the  island  of  St.  Mary,  with  the  town  of  Ilathurst, 
<tc.,  together  with  British  Combo,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river 
Gambia,  and  several  forts  on  its  banks,  along  which  British 
influence  extends.  Area,  21  square  miles.  It  is  stated  to 
be  the  most  healthy  European  settlement  in  Western  Africa, 
and  has  a  flourishing  trade.  Its  exports  include  wax,  hides, 
ivory,  oil-seeds,  cocoanuts,  ginger,  copal,  gold-dust,  rice, 
palm  oil,  horns,  and  timber.  Formerly  a  member  of  the 
colonial  West  Africa  Settlements,  it  became  an  independent 
colony  in  1888.     Capital,  Bathnrst.     Pop.  (1891)  14,266. 

Gambier,  gam'beer',  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  0., 
in  College  township,  on  the  Vernon  River,  and  on  the  Cleve- 
land, Mount  Vernon  <!;  Columbus  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of 
Mount  Vernon,  and  51  miles  N.E.  of  Columbus.  It  con- 
tains 3  churches  and  Kenyon  College  (Protestant  Episcopal), 
which  was  organized  in  1826  and  has  a  library  of  12,000 
volumes.     Pop.  581. 

Gam'bier^  Islands,  a  group  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  lat. 
23°  S'  S.,  Ion.  134°  55'  W.,  consisting  of  five  large  islands 
and  several  small  islets  in  a  coral  reef  lagoon.  They  aro 
under  French  protection.     Pop.  1500. 

Gambier  Islands,  a  group  in  Spencer  Gulf,  South 
Australia.  Wedge  Island,  the  largest,  is  in  lat.  35°  12'  S. 
Ion.  136»  30'  E. 


GAM 


1242 


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Ctam'blet  a  station  in  St.  Louts  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Biddle 
8tr«et  Bntnoh  of  the  St.  LouU,  Kansas  City  &  Northern 
Bailroadj  2  miles  N.  of  St  Louis. 

Gamble's,  it  post-offioo  of  Alloghany  oo.,  Pa. 
Gamble's  Store*  a  post-office  of  Uuthorford  oo.,  N.C. 
Gamble's  Store*  a  post-office  of  Blount  co.,  Tenn. 
Gambolo,  g&iu'bo-lo,  a  vUlago  of  Italy,  18  milos  S.E. 
of  Novnra.     I'op.  6595. 

Gam'brill's,  a  station  of  Anno  Arundel  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Annapolis  A,  Bill  Ridge  Railroad,  12  miles  N.W.  of 
Annapolis. 

Gambroon,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Qoudroox. 
Gamcrcn*  g^'mfh-r^n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  GolJurland,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Thiel,  on  the  Waal. 

Gamka,  g&m'k&,  or  Great  Lion*  a  river  of  South 
Africa,  in  Cape  Colony,  rises  near  Beaufort,  lat.  32°  24'  S., 
Ion.  22°  48'  E.,  flows  S.W.,  and  joins  the  Dwyka  River  to 
form  the  Gauritz. 

Gamla  Karleby,  g&m'l&  k&R'l«h-bU  (t.«.,  "Old 
Karleby"),  a  town  of  Finland,  Ivon  and  68  miles  N.E.  of 
Vasa,  1  mile  from  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia.  Pop.  2104.  New 
Karleby  (or  NvKARLEBr,  nii-kaR'l^h-bii)  is  a  maritime 
town,  45  miles  N.E.  of  Vosa.     Pop.  1108. 

Gammertingen*  g&m'm^r-ting^^n,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
in  Uohcnzollcrn,  11  miles  N.  of  Sigmaringcn.     Pop.  1181. 
Gamrie,  gam'reo,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Banff,  on 
the  North  Sea,  7  miles  E.N.E.  of  Banff. 

Gamrun*  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Gombroox. 
Gamshurst,  glms'hS^Rst,  a  village  of  Baden,  in  a 
marshy  and  unhealthy  district  N.  of  Offenburg.    Pop.  1207. 
Gan*  g&N°,  a  town  of  France,  in  Basses-Pyr6n6ea,  4 
miles  S.  of  Pau.     Pop.  896. 

Gananoque*  gan-an-Ok',  a  town  and  port  of  entry  of 
Leeds  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  river  Gananoque,  18  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Kingston. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  great  water-power,  and  varied 
manufactures.     Pop.  2020. 

Ganatf  gi^nit',  or  Janat,  ji^nlt',  a  town  of  Africa,  in 
Fezzan,  120  miles  S.S.W.  of  Moorzook. 
Gand,  a  city  of  Belgium.    See  Ghent. 
Gandapoor*  gin'dd-poor',  a  town   of  India,  presi- 
dency of  Bombay,  62  miles  N.  of  Ahmodnuggur. 

Gandc  (Gandavum),  a  city  of  Belgium.  See  Gdent. 
Gandellino,  gin-dSl-lee'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  8  miles 
from  Clusone,  on  the  Serio.     Pop.  1127. 

Gandersheim*  gin'd§rs-hime\  a  town  of  Germany, 
in  Brunswick,  on  the  Gande,  36  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of 
Brunswick.     Pop.  2454. 

Gandesa,  gan-di'si,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  42 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Tarragona.     Pop.  2705. 

Gandia*  gi.n'de-&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  40 
miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Valencia,  near  the  Mediterranean. 
Pop.  6473.  It  has  a  fine  collegiate  church,  a  college,  and  a 
palace  of  the  Duke  of  Gandia. 

Gandicotta,  g8,n-de-kot't&,  a  town  of  British  India,  in 
Madras,  on  the  Pcnnar,  43  miles  N.W.  of  Cuddapah. 

Gandino,  gin-dee'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Bergamo.     Pop.  3622. 

Gandiolle*  g6N«Me-oll',  a  village  of  Western  Africa, 
.  at  the  mouth  of  the  Senegal  River,  10  miles  S.  of  St.  Louis. 
It  is  under  French  control. 

Gandja*  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Yelisavetpol. 
Gaii'do,  an  extensive  and  fertile  Mohammedan  king- 
dom of  Africa,  in  the  Soodan,  one  of  the  largest  of  the 
native  African  countries,  traversed  by  the  Niger,  and  com- 
prising many  minor  states.     Estimated  area,  82,000  square 
miles.     In  its  N.E.  portion  stands  Gundo,  the  capital,  a 
large  town,  about  90  miles  S.W.  of  Saccatoo.    The  dominant 
peoples  are  of  the  Foolah  and  Iloussa  stocks,  which  are 
distinct,  though  often  confounded.     Pop.  about  5,800,000. 
Gands,  and  Gandwana.    See  Gundwana. 
Gan'dy,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Logan  co..  Neb.,  about 
42  miles  (direct)  W.  of  Broken  Bow.     It  has  2  churches,  a 
bank,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  635. 

Gaiigala,  g&n-g&'l&,  an  island  of  Western  Africa,  in 
the  Falein6.  Lat.  14°  44'  N. ;  Ion.  12°  12'  W. 
Gangalandi,  a  village  of  Italy.  See  Lastra. 
Ganges,  gin'jiz  (Fr.  Gaur/e,  g&xzh;  Hindoo,  Ounga, 
or  Gaiir/a,  gung'gi,  so  called  as  flowing  through  Gang,  the 
earth,  to  heaven),  the  principal  river  of  India,  through  the 
N.  part  of  which  it  flows  from  W.  to  E.,  traversing  the  North- 
west Provinces  and  Bengal.  It  rises  by  two  principal  heads, 
Bhagirathi  and  Alakananda,  in  lat.  31°  N.  and  Ion.  79°  E., 
from  an  immense  mass  of  snow,  at  an  elevation  of  13,000  feet, 
flows  at  first  S.W.  to  Ilurdwar,  and  thenceforward  mostly 
E.S.E.  to  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  which  it  enters  by  numerous 
mouths,  after  having  united  with  the  Brahmapootra  in  a 


common  delta-system  of  voat  extent  and  most  complicated 
character.  The  total  length  of  the  Ganges  is  cstimulcd  at 
1060  miles.  In  its  course  it  receives  11  aftluents,  some  of 
which  are  equal  to  the  Rhine;  the  principal  are  the  Jumna, 
Ramgunga,  Goomty,  Qo^gra,  Sone,  Ounduek,  Cosi,  Ma- 
hanunda,  and  Attri,  which  have  courses  varying  from 
300  to  600  miles  in  length.  Between  Ilurdwar  and  Alla- 
habad it  is  usually  from  1  to  1^  miles  across ;  below  which 
its  breadth  increases  frequently  to  3  miles,  and  at  500  miles 
from  the  sea  it  is  30  feet  in  depth,  and  so  continues  to  near 
its  mouth,  where,  however,  the  quantity  of  deposit  it  brings 
down  often  forms  bars  and  shoals. 

About  200  miles  from  the  sea  the  delta  of  the  Ganges, 
which  is  considerably  more  than  double  that  of  the  Nile 
commences.  It  is  a  fiat  alluvial  tract  of  from  80  to  200 
miles  in  breadth.  The  S.  extremity,  or  that  part  which 
borders  on  the  sea,  is  known  as  the  Sundcrbunds,  a  dreary, 
unhealthy  region,  covered  with  wood  and  broken  up  by 
numerous  creeks  and  rivers,  many  of  which  are  salt.  The 
whole  coast  of  the  delta  is  one  moss  of  mud-banks,  which 
are  continually  shifting,  and  among  which  there  are  several 
large  mouths,  which  ships  of  burden  can  safely  enter. 

The  periodical  inundation  of  the  Ganges,  which  commences 
about  the  end  of  April  or  the  beginning  of  May,  proceeds 
from  the  tropical  rains  which  begin  to  fall  about  that  period. 
The  rise  of  the  river  is  at  first  slow  and  gradual,  not  exceed- 
ing an  inch  a  day  for  the  first  fortnight.  Afterwards  it  in- 
creases to  3  or  4  inches,  and  latterly,  when  the  rains  have 
become  general  in  all  the  countries  through  which  it  passes, 
it  rises  about  5  inches  a  day,  until  it  has  attained  a  neight 
of  32  feet  above  its  ordinary  level.  By  the  end  of  July  all 
the  flat  country  of  Bengal  contiguous  to  the  Ganges  and 
Brahmapootra  is  overflowed  to  an  extent  in  breadth  of  100 
miles,  nothing  being  visible  but  villages  and  the  tops  of 
trees,  the  former  being  built  on  artificial  mounds  above  the 
height  of  the  flood.  After  the  middle  of  August  the  waters 
begin  to  subside,  running  off  at  the  rate  of  from  3  to  4  inches 
a  day  till  November,  from  which  period  to  the  month  of 
April  they  decrease  at  the  rate  of  about  i  inch  a  day.  The 
quantity  of  water  discharged  into  the  ocean  by  the  Ganges 
is  computed  to  bo  500,000  cubic  feet  per  second  in  the  four 
months  of  the  flood-season,  and  100,000  cubic  feet  per  second 
on  an  average  during  the  remainder  of  the  year.  The  quan- 
tity of  mud  brought  down  annually  by  the  stream  is  com- 
puted at  235,521,387  cubic  yards,  and  it  discolors  the  sea  to 
a  distance  of  60  miles  from  the  coast.  Owing  to  the  loose- 
ness of  the  soil  on  the  banks,  large  portions  of  them  are 
being  constantly  swept  away  by  the  force  of  the  current, 
and  expensive  engineering  works  are  required  to  preserve 
the  channels  of  navigation. 

The  phenomenon  called  the  Bore,  a  sudden  and  rapid  in- 
flux of  the  tide,  in  the  form  of  an  enormous  wave,  rising  as 
perpendicular  as  a  wall,  assumes  a  formidable  apjiearanco 
in  the  Ganges.  In  the  Iloogly  the  Bore  rushes  onwards, 
with  an  appalling  noise,  at  the  rate  of  between  17  and  18 
miles  an  hour,  and  at  Calcutta  it  sometimes  causes  an  in- 
stantaneous rise  of  5  feet,  having  been  probably  more  than 
double  that  height  at  the  mouth  of  the  river.  The  waters 
of  the  Ganges  are  held  sacred  by  the  Hindoos,  from  Gan- 
gootri,  about  15  miles  from  its  source,  to  the  island  of  Sau- 
gur,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Iloogly.  There  are,  however,  par- 
ticular places  more  eminently  sacred  than  the  rest,  and  to 
these  pilgrims  resort  from  great  distances  to  perform  their 
ablutions  and  carry  off  w.ater  to  be  used  in  future  cere- 
monies. The  Ganges  water  is  al.so  esteemed  for  its  me- 
dicinal properties,  and  in  the  British  courts  of  justice  wit- 
nesses of  the  Brahmanical  faith  are  sworn  upon  it. 

The  valley  of  the  Ganges  is  one  of  the  richest  on  the 
globe,  and  contains  a  greater  extent  of  vegetable  mould,  and 
of  land  under  cultivation,  than  any  other  country,  with 
the  exception,  perhaps,  of  the  Chinese  Empire.  For  hun- 
dreds of  miles  along  its  course,  down  to  the  Gulf  of  Ben- 
gal, not  a  stone  is  to  be  seen.  Wheat  and  other  European 
grains  are  produced  in  the  upper  part  of  this  magnificent 
valley,  while  in  the  S.  every  variety  of  Indian  fruit,  rice, 
cotton,  indigo,  opium,  and  sugar,  are  produced  in  the  great- 
est profusion.  The  sources  of  the  Ganges  are  at  an  elevation 
of  upwards  of  13,000  and  18,000  feet  respectively  above  sea- 
level;  yet  the  fall  of  the  river  from  Hurdwar,  nearly  at  the 
foot  of  the  Himalayas,  to  the  delta,  a  distance  of  about  1200 
miles,  is  only  1000  feet.  Its  banks,  in  many  places,  exhibit 
scenes  of  great  beauty,  while  in  the  stream  itself  clusters  of 
picturesque  rocks  occasionally  occur,  interesting  not  only 
from  their  own  appearance,  but  ahio  from  the  associations 
connected  with  them. 

The  Ganges  is  navigable  for  boats  of  a  large  size  nearly 
1500  miles  from  its  mouth;  and  the  busy  scene  which  it 


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1243 


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daily  exhibits,  from  tho  number  and  variety  of  boats  with 
which  it  is  crowded,  is  not,  perhaps,  equalled  on  any  other 
Hver  in  tho  world.  It  forms,  with  its  tributaries,  a  great 
route  of  communication  and  traffic  throughout  a  large  part 
of  India,  and  its  value  as  a  highway  for  commerce  is  all 
tho  more  increased  from  the  numerous  important  towns 
and  cities  that  lie  either  immediately  on  its  banks  or  at  no 
great  distance  from  them.  Of  these,  ascending  the  stream, 
may   be    named    Calcutta,  Moorshedabad,   Bahar,    Patna, 

Uenares,  Allahabad,  Cawnpoor,  and  Furruckabad. Adj. 

Gan'Getic,  gan-j5t'ik. 

Ganges,  g6yzh,  a  town  of  France,  in  H6rault,  on  a 
railway,  28  miles  W.N.W.  of  Montpellier.  It  has  a  chamber 
of  manufactures,  and  factories  of  silk  gloves,  hosiery,  and 
twist,  with  a  trade  in  wine.     Pop.  4345, 

Gan'ges,  a  post-hamlet  in  Ganges  township,  Allegan 
CO.,  Mioh.,  on  Lake  Michigan,  about  35  miles  S.  of  Grand 
Haven.  It  has  a  tannery,  2  or  3  stores,  and  large  orchards 
of  apples  and  peaches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1130. 

Ganges,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richland  eo.,  0.,  11  miles  N. 
of  Mansfield. 

Gangeticus  Sinns.    See  Bay  op  Bengal. 

Gangi,  gln'jee,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  of  Palermo, 
19  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ccfalfl.     Pop.  13,057. 

(iang  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Herkimer  and  Oneida 
COS.,  N.Y.,  4  miles  E.  of  Prospect  Station,  which  is  18  miles 
N.  of  Utica.  It  has  a  church,  and  a  lumber-mill  on  AVest 
Canada  Creek.     Pop.  104. 

Gangootri,  gin^goo'tree,  a  famous  place  of  pilgrimage 
in  Northern  India,  in  Gurhwal,  near  the  source  of  the 
Ganges,  in  lat.  30°  59'  N.,  Ion.  78°  66'  E.,  and  10,073  feet 
above  tho  sea. 

Gangpoor,  Gangpur,  glng'poor',  orGang'pore', 
tt  native  state  of  India,  in  Chuta-Nagpoor.  lat.  21°  47'  5"- 
22°  32'  20"  N.,  Ion.  83°  34'  35"-85°  10'  15"  E.  Area, 
2484  square  miles.  It  is  under  British  supervision,  and 
pays  a  small  tribute.  It  is  a  hilly  table-land,  producing 
timber,  silk,  resin,  catechu,  and  drugs.  Coal  is  found,  and 
wild  animals  are  very  numerous.  Pop.  73,637.  Capital, 
Suadi,  a  small  village,  in  lat.  22°  10'  N.,  Ion.  84°  5'  E. 

Gangra,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Kaskaree. 

Gangurah-Behra,  g\ng-goo'r5,-b?h-ri',  a  town  of 
India,  Boglipoor  district.     Pop.  3946. 

Gan-Hway,  a  province  of  China.     See  Ngan-Hoei. 

Ganicr,  gil^neer',  a  township  of  Kankakee  co.,  111., 
traversed  by  the  river  Kankakee.     Pop.  1582. 

Ganitsa,  a  village  of  Hungary.    See  Ganya. 

Ganja,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Yelisavetpol. 

Ganjam,  gdn'jim',  the  northcasternmost  district  of  the 
Madras  Presidency,  British  India,  having  Orissa  on  the 
N.E.  and  the  Bay  of  Bengal  on  the  S.B.  The  coast  region 
is  low,  but  the  district  as  a  whole  is  fertile.  Area,  8813 
square  miles.     Capital,  Ganjam.     Pop.  1,620,088. 

Ganjam,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the  above,  on  a 
small  river,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  90  miles 
S.W.  of  Cuttack.  It  has  lost  much  of  its  former  importance 
as  a  scat  of  trade. 

Ganjeh,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Yelisavetpol. 

(ian.jooly,  a  town  of  India.     See  Jasjowla. 

Gann,  or  Mount  Holly,  Knox  co.,  0.  See  Brink 
Havem. 

Gann  Valley,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Buffalo  co., 
S.D.,  about  73  miles  (direct)  S.S.E.  of  Pierre.  It  has  sev- 
eral stores  and  business  houses. 

Gannat,  gJn'ni',  a  town  of  France,  in  Allier,  on  tho 
Andelot,  34  miles  S.S.W.  of  Moulins.     Pop.  5042, 

Gan'net  Island,  on  the  coast  of  Labrador.  Lat.  54° 
N.;  Ion.  56°  34'  W. 

Gan'net  Island,  on  the  W,  coast  of  New  Zealand, 
North  Island.     Lat.  37°  57'  S.;  Ion.  174°  2'  E. 

Gannet  Rock,  a  small  island,  6i  miles  from  the  S.W. 
head  of  Grand  Manan.  Lat.  46°  32'  N.j  Ion,  66°  52'  AV. 
On  it  is  a  light-house. 

Gan'nett,  a  station  in  Lincoln  co.,  Neb.,  on  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  North  Platte. 

Gano',  a  post-village  of  Butler  co.,  0.,  in  Union  town- 
ship, on  the  Dayton  Short-Line  Railroad,  and  on  the 
Cleveland,  Columbus  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of 
Cincinnati.  It  is  finely  situated  on  high  ground.  It  con- 
tains 4  churches,  a  paper-mill,  and  several  fine  residences. 

Ganos,  gA'nos\  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in  Rou- 
melia,  44  miles  N.E.  of  Oallipoli,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Sea 
of  Marmora. 

Ganowitz,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Oosobitz. 

Gilnserndorf,  gan's^m-donf  \  a  village  of  Lower  Aus- 
tria, at  a  railway  junction,  19  miles  N.E.  of  Vienna. 

Gansevoort,  gans'voort,  a  post- village  of  Saratoga  co., 


N.Y.,  in  Northumberland  township,  on  tho  Rensselaer  k 
Saratoga  Railroad,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Saratoga  Springs,  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Gans'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Winn  parish.  La.,  about 
62  miles  S.S.W.  of  Monroe.    It  has  a  church. 

Gante,  Gantois,  Netherlands.    See  Ghent, 

Gantheaume  (gin'tom')  Bay,  of  Australia,  is  on  th« 
W.  coast.      Lat.  27°  46'  S. ;  Ion.  114°  7'  E. 

Gantt,  a  township  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  844. 

Gan-Whay,  a  province  of  China.     See  Ngan-Hoei. 

Ganya,  gS,n'yoh*,  or  Ganitsa,  gi-nlt'si,  a  village  of 
Hungary,  co.  of  Marmaros,  18  miles  from  Szigeth, 

^'ftP?  gS'P  (anc.  Vapin'cum).  a  town  of  France,  capital 
of  Hautes-Alpes,  46  miles  S.S.E.  of  Grenoble,  on  the  Luye. 
It  has  a  Gothic  cathedral,  a  communal  college,  a  normal 
school,  a  public  library,  a  court-house,  town  hall,  prefec- 
ture, bishop's  palace,  barracks,  and  a  large  public  reser- 
voir.    It  is  a  railway  terminus.     Pop.  7249. 

Gap,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  in  Sadsbury 
and  Salisbury  townships,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  18 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Lancaster.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a 
bo.t-factory,  a  creamery,  carriage-works,  Ac.  Rich  mines 
of  nickel  have  been  opened  near  this  place. 

Gap  Civ'il ,  or  Spar'ta,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Alle- 
ghany CO.,  N.C.,  in  Gap  Civil  township,  about  56  miles  N. 
by  W.  of  Statesville.  It  has  a  court-house  and  an  acad- 
emy,    Post-office,  Sparta.     Pop.  of  the  township,  958. 

Gap  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C.,  55  miles 
S.  of  Marion,  Va.  It  has  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a 
copper-mine. 

Gap  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Tenn. 

Gap  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  111.,  about  5 
miles  AV.  of  Dixon. 

Gapio,  a  lake  of  Prussia.    See  Goplo. 

Gap  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  W.  Va.,  18 
miles  S.E.  of  Fort  Spring  Station,     It  has  a  church. 

Gapplitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Kaplitz, 

Gap  Uidge,  a  post-office  of  Harlan  co.,  Ky, 

Gap  Run,  a  post-office  of  Carter  co.,  Tenn, 

Gapsal,  a  town  of  Russia,    See  Hapsal. 

Gap  Springs,  Pa.    See  Doubling  Gap  Springs, 

Gap  Store,  a  post-office  of  Tazewell  co.,  Va. 

Gaps'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  Pa.,  12  miles 
S.E.  of  Everett  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Garachico,  gl-ri-chee'ko,  a  town  of  the  island  of 
Teneriffe,  on  its  N.  coast.  Pop.  1030.  It  was  nearly  do- 
stroj'ed  by  a  volcanic  eruption  in  1705,  before  which  it  was 
one  of  the  most  important  places  in  the  island. 

Gar'afrax'a,  or  Doug'las,  a  post- village  in  Welling- 
ton CO.,  Ontario,  on  Grand  River,  20  miles  N.  of  Guelph, 
It  contains  saw-  and  grist-mills.     Pop.  250. 

Garah,  gi'r^,  or  Am-el-Saghier,  ftm-fil-si-ghe'ir, 
a  small  town  of  Egypt,  on  the  oasis  of  the  same  name,  in 
the  Libyan  Desert,  250  miles  S.AV.  of  Cairo.  The  oasis 
consists  of  a  level  plain  enclosed  by  abrupt  precipices  and 
covered  in  part  with  beautiful  palm  woods.  Salt  pools 
occur  here  and  there,  surrounded  by  an  efflorescence  of 
dazzling  whiteness. 

Garai,  a  river  of  Bcngiil.     See  Baleswar, 

Gara,  Lough,  Ireland.    See  Lough  Gara. 

Garam,  a  river  of  Hungary.    See  Gp.an. 

Garama  and  Garamantes.    See  Moorzook. 

Garbagnate,  gan-bin-yi'ti,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Milan,  5  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bollate.     Pop.  2170. 

Garbana,  gan-bi'nS,  (L.  Garbane'a  Derthonen'sium}, 
a  town  of  Italy,  22  miles  S.S.E.  of  Alessandria.     P.  1477, 

Gar'ber,  a  post-office  of  Harlan  co..  Neb. 

Garber,  a  station  in  York  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Hanover  & 
York  Railroad,  1  mile  S.W.  of  Y^ork. 

Garber's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Tenn, 

Gar'berville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal., 
about  60  miles  S.S.E.  of  Eureka. 

Garbieh,  a  province  of  Egypt.    See  Gharbeeyeh. 

Gar'buttsville,  a  hamlet  in  Monroe  eo.,  N.Y.,  on  tho 
Rochester  <fc  State  Line  Railroad,  15  miles  S.W,  of  Roches- 
ter.    It  has  a  flour-  and  plaster-mill. 

Gar'celon,  a  station  in  Warren  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Phila- 
delphia &  Erie  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Corry. 

Garchizy,  gaR'sheo'zee',  a  village  of  France,  in  NiSvre, 
14  miles  N.AV.  of  Ncvers.     Pop.  1622. 

Garcia,  gar-sce'A,  a  small  river  in  tho  S.W.  part  of 
Mendocino  co.,  Cal.,  flows  N.W.,  and  enters  the  Pacific. 

Garcia,  a  station  in  Marin  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  North 
Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  35  miles  N.N.W.  of  San  Francisco. 

Gar  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allen  eo.,  Ind.,  in  Milan 
township,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  11  miles  E.  of  Foit 
AVayne,    It  has  a  lumber-mill. 


OAR 


1344 


OAR 


rdf  g»i 

low*  £.S.JS.,  and  Joins  tho  U'hon*  6  miloi  N.£.  of  Xaros 
eon.    Length,  95  miles. 

Gard«  a  department  of  Frunoe,  in  the  S.,  formed  of  part 
of  tlio  province  of  Lunguedou,  bounded  E.  by  tlio  Rhone, 
and  S.,  for  10  niiica,  by  the  Mediterranean.  Aroa,  2250 
square  mites.  In  the  N.  it  is  traversed  by  high  mountains; 
in  the  S.,  numerous  lalios  and  marshes  render  the  eountrj 
unhealthy.  Chief  rivers,  tho  Rhone,  Vidourlo,  and  Il^rault, 
which  flow  to  tho  Mediterranean,  and  the  Cdze  and  Gard, 
aiUuents  of  the  Rhone.  It  has  mines  of  iron,  ooal,  lead, 
sulphur,  and  sine.  Grain  is  raised  insufiScicnt  for  home  con- 
sumption, but  wine,  brandy,  olive  oil,  and  fruit  aro  abun- 
dant. Sill(-worms  are  extensively  reared.  Capital,  Nlmes. 
Tho  department  is  dividod  into  the  4  arrondissomcnts  of 
Alais,  I^tmes,  Uz^s,  and  Lo  Vigan.     Pop.  423,804. 

Gurda^  gaR'd&,  a  village  of  Italy,  17  miles  N.^V'.  of 
Verona,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Lago  di  Garda.     Pop.  1409. 

Gar'da^  a  post-ofiioo  of  McLoan  co.,  111. 

Gardafuiy  Cape*  Africa.    See  Cape  Guardafui. 

Gardaia*  gaa-di'i,  or  Ghardeia*  gaR-di'yil,  a  town 
of  Algeria,  in  the  Sahara,  about  300  miles  S.  of  Algiers. 
Lat.  31°  57'  N.;  Ion.  2°  50'  E.  It  is  surrounded  by  a 
wall,  and  defended  by  nine  towers,  capable  of  containing 
300  to  400  combatants,  and  has  6  gates.  The  town  con- 
tains 6  mosques,  one  of  which  is  of  extraordinary  size. 
A  considerable  trade  is  carried  on  with  Tunis,  Algiers,  &o., 
in  oil,  ostrich  feathers,  corn,  butter,  groceries,  pottery,  and 
other  articles.  The  Jews  have  a  synagogue  here,  and  live 
in  a  quarter  by  themselves.  Gardaia  is  surrounded  by  im- 
mense orchards,  watered  by  wells,  which  sometimes  have  a 
depth  of  900  feet.  In  these  orchards  are  cultivated  the 
vine  and  all  other  kinds  of  fruit  common  to  that  part  of 
Africa.     Pop.  12,000. 

Gardanne^  ganM&n',  a  town  of  France,  in  Bouchcs-du- 
Rhone,  5  miles  S.  of  Aix.     Pop.  2268. 

GardelegeUy  gau'd^h-U^gh^n,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  on  the  Milde,  25  miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Sten- 
dal.     Pop.  6389. 

Gar'aen,  a  post-hamlet  of  Piclcens  oo.,  Ala.,  23  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Macon,  Miss.     It  has  a  church. 

Garden,  Delta  co.,  Mich.    See  Hale's  Bay. 

Garden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  in  Lodi  town- 
ship, 7  miles  S.  of  Guysville  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Garden  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Blount  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  South  &  North  Alabama  Railroad,  40  miles  N.  of  Bir- 
mingham. 

Garden  City,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Finney  co.,Kansa8, 
fjji  Arkansas  River,  400  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Atchison. 
It  has  9  churches,  4  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures 
)i  ploughs,  windmills,  butter,  and  cheese.     Pop.  1490. 

Garden  City,  a  post-village  of  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn., 
in  Garden  City  township,  on  the  Watonwan  River,  about 
14  miles  S.W.  of  Mankato,  and  14  miles  E.  of  Madelia.  It 
has  2  churches  and  3  flouring-mills.     Pop.  368. 

Garden  City,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  Mo.,  68  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Kansas  City.  It  has  2  churchei<,  a  bank, 
public  schools,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  227. 

Garden  City,  a  post-village  in  Hempstead  township, 
Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Great  Plains  and  on  the  Flushing, 
North  Shore  &  Central  Railroad,  20  miles  E.  of  New  York 
City.  It  has  a  splendid  Episcopal  cathedral,  male  and 
female  seminaries,  a  superior  hotel,  a  public  park,  gas-works, 
Ac.  It  was  founded  by  A.  T.  Stewart,  who  paid  $394,350 
for  the  site.     Pop.  about  750. 

Garden  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rich  co.,  Utah,  on  Bear 
Lake,  58  miles  N.N.W.  of  Evanston,  Wyoming.  It  has  a 
grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Garden  Cottage,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Cumberland  River,  5  miles  S.  of  Somerset.  It  bus 
a  church  and  the  Pisgah  Seminary. 

Garden  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Haywood  co.,  N.C., 
40  miles  W.  of  Henry's  Station. 

Gar'dener,  a  station  in  Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Cata- 
sauqua  &  Fogelsville  Railroad,  3  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Aiburti?. 

Garden  Grove,  a  post-villoge  of  Orange  oo.,  Cal.,  10 
miles  W.  of  Santa  Ana. 

Garden  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Decatur  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Garden  Grove  township,  about  60  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Des 
Moines,  and  24  miles  S.W.  of  Chariton.  It  has  2  churches, 
2  banks,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  554. 

Garden  Uiil,  a  post-village  in  Durham  co.,  Ontario, 
J  2  miles  N.  of  Port  Hope.  It  contains  a  woollen-factory, 
2  grist-mills,  and  3  saw-mills. 

Garden  Island,  of  Australia.    See  Bctacbe. 

Garden  Island,  a  post-village  in  Frontcnac  co.,  On- 
tario, on  an  island  in  the  St.  Lawrence,  opposite  Kingston. 


It  has  several  ship-yards  and  a  flouring-mill,  and  has  oom- 
munication  with  Kingston  by  ferry.     Pop.  702. 

Garden  of  Eden,  a  post-village  in  Pictou  oo.,  Nova 
Sootia,  24  miles  from  New  Glasgow,     Pop.  100. 

Garden  PasA,  a  station  in  Eureka  co.,  Nevada,  on  tho 
Eureka  &  Palisade  Railroiul,  21  miles  N.  of  Eureka. 

Garden  Plain,  a  post-office  of  Whiteside  co.,  III.,  in 
Garden  Plain  township,  and  on  tho  Mendota  &,  Clintun 
Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Clinton,  Iowa,  and  5  miles  S.  of 
Fulton.  The  township  is  bounded  on  tho  N.W.  by  the 
Mississippi  River.     Pop.  1091. 

Garden  Plain,  a  post-township  of  Sedgwick  co., 
Kansas,  17  miles  W.  of  Aviohita.     Pop.  418. 

Garden  Prairie,  a  post-village  of  Boone  oo..  III.,  in 
Bonus  township,  on  Kishwaukeo  River,  and  on  the  Froo- 
port  Branch  of  tho  Chicago  <k  Northwestern  Railroad,  6 
miles  E.  of  Belvidere,  and  72  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chicago.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  cheese-factory,  a  flouring- 
mill,  <to.     Pop.  about  250. 

Garden  Reach,  a  south  suburb  of  Calcutta,  Bengal, 
on  tho  Iloogly,  just  below  tho  village  of  Kidderpoor.  It  is 
a  fashionable  place  for  European  residents. 

Garden  lliver,  or  Ketckau'ne-See'be,  a  post- 
village  in  the  district  of  Algoma,  Ontario,  12  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Sault  Ste.  Marie.  This  is  an  Indian  reserve,  extending 
9  miles  along  St.  Mary's  River.  The  Indians  are  chielly 
engaged  in  tho  fishery  and  the  chase.  Garden  River  is  a 
missionary  station  of  tho  churches  of  England  and  Rome. 
It  contains  2  stores.  Steamers  from  CoUingwood  to  Fort 
William  call  here.     Pop.  400. 

Garden's,  a  station  in  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Chester 
Valley  Railroad,  14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Downingtown. 

Garden  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  £1  Dorado  co.,  Cal., 
14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Auburn.     It  has  a  cheese-factory. 

Garden  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Macon  co.,  Ga. 

Garden  Valley,  a  post-vilhage of  Smith  co., Tex.,  near 
the  Neches  River,  10  miles  W.  of  Lindale  Station.  It  has 
2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Garden  Valley,  township,  Jackson  co..  Wis.    P.  1026. 

Gar'denville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  2 
or  3  miles  N.E.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
brewery.     Pop.  in  1880,  449;  in  1890,  324. 

Gardenvillc,  a  post-office  of  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo. 

Gardenville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Buffalo,  New  York  &  Philadelphia  Railroad,  about  9  miles 
S.E.  of  Buffalo.     It  has  2  churches. 

Gardenville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  co,.  Pa.,  in 
Plumstcad  township,  about  32  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It 
has  a  Friends'  meeting. 

Gar'di,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Wayne  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Macon  &  Brunswick  Railroad,  33  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Brunswick.     Here  is  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Gardia,  gan'dee'i,  a  village  of  West  Africa,  in  Bondoo. 
Lat.  14°  5'  N.;  Ion.  12°  28'  W. 

Gardiki,  gaa-dee'kee,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Albania,  12  miles  N.  of  Delvino. 

Gar'diner,  city  of  Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  on  the  W.  bank 
of  the  Kennebec  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Cobbosseecontee 
River,  and  on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of 
Augusta,  and  56  miles  N.N.E.  of  Portland.  Large  vessels 
can  ascend  to  this  place,  which  has  a  bridge  across  the 
Kennebec  River  and  is  liberally  supplied  with  water-power. 
It  contains  8  churches,  3  national  banks,  a  savings-bank,  a 
city  hall,  a  public  library,  a  high  school,  4  paper-mills,  a 
flour-mill,  4  saw-mills,  a  woollen-factory,  several  machine- 
shops,  2  potteries,  and  manufactures  of  sash  and  blinds, 
bricks,  carriages,  and  furniture.  Lumber  and  ice  are  tiie 
chief  articles  of  export.  One  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  5491. 

Gardiner,  a  post-village  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  20  miles 
by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Kingston,  and  about  10  miles  (direct)  W. 
of  the  Hudson  River.  It  has  a  church  organization,  a  dis- 
trict school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  steam  mill,  and  manu- 
factures of  harness,  grape-crates,  and  boxes.  Pop.  about 
250;  of  the  township,  1703. 

Gardiner,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Umpqua  River,  near  its  mouth,  about  60  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Eugene  City,  and  2  miles  from  the  ocean.  It  has  a  church 
and  2  steam  saw-mills. 

Gardiner  Mines,  a  post-village  in  Cape  Breton  co.. 
Nova  Scotia,  4  miles  by  rail  from  Bridgeport.  Pop.  300. 
It  has  important  coal-mines. 

Gardiner's  Island,  belonging  to  the  township  of 
Easthampton,  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  lies  off  the  E.  end  of  Long 
Island,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  Gardiner's  Bay. 
Area,  3300  acres.  Its  surface  is  undulating  pasture-land. 
At  its  N.  extremity  stands  a  light-house,  in  lat.  41°  8'  IS" 


GAR 


1245 


GAR 


I 


N.,  Ion.  72°  8'  13"  W.,  with  a  fixed  light,  29  feet  above  the 
water-level. 

Gard'ner,  a  post-oflBce  of  Huerfano  co.,  Col.,  10  miles 
W.  of  Badito.     Altitude,  8490  feet. 

Gardner,  a  post-village  in  Greenfield  township,  Grundy 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  65  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Chicago,  and  26  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pontiac.  A  branch  of 
the  Chicago  &  Illinois  Railroad  extends  hence  to  Coal  City. 
It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  soap- 
factory.     Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  1094. 

Gardner,  a  station  in  Piatt  co..  111.,  on  the  Indianap- 
olis, Bloomington  <fc  Western  Railroad,  21  miles  W.  by  N. 
of  Urban  a. 

Gardner,  a  township  of  Sangamon  co..  111.  Pop.  1249. 
It  contains  Farmingdale  and  Bradfordlon. 

Gardner,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Gardner  township,  on  the  Leavenworth,  Lawrence  &  Gal- 
veston Raih-oad,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Kansas  City,  and  about 
21  miles  S.E.  of  Lawrence.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  in 
1890,  515  ;  of  the  township,  1286. 

Gardner,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Gardner  township,  on  the  Fitchburg  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  the  Vermont  &  Massachusetts  division,  70  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Boston,  and  15  miles  W.  of  Fitchburg.  It  has 
a  national  bank,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
extensive  manufactures  of  chairs,  pails,  and  tubs.  The 
township  contains  another  village,  named  South  Gardner. 
Total  pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  8424. 

Gardner,  a  station  in  Centre  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Tyrone  & 
Clearfield  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Tyrone. 

Gardner,  a  post-village  of  Weakley  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  10  miles  S.E. 
of  Union  City,  and  1  mile  S.  of  the  Obion  River.  It  has 
a  church,  a  high  school,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  furniture-factory. 
Pop.  about  250. 

Gardner,  a  township  of  Door  co.,  AVis.,  bounded  N.W. 
by  Green  Bay.     P.  414.     It  contains  Little  Sturgeon. 

Gardner's,  a  toAvnship  of  Wilson  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  1178. 

(Jardner's  Bluff,  the  head  of  navigation  for  steamers 
on  the  Great  Pedee,  is  in  Marlborough  co.,  S.C,  C  miles 
W.  of  Bennettsville,  and  is  an  important  shipping-point. 

Gardner's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Montague  township,  11  miles  W.  of  Lowville.  It  has  a 
cheese-factory. 

Gardner's  Ford,  a  hamlet  of  Cleveland  co.,  N.C,  12 
miles  N.  of  Shelby.  It  has  a  church,  and  a  cotton-factory 
which  makes  sheeting.     Pop.  about  80. 

Gardner's  Island,  in  the  township  of  Clayton,  Jef- 
ferson CO.,  N.Y.,  is  one  of  the  Thousand  Islands,  and  lies  in 
the  river  St.  Lawrence. 

Gardner's  Mills,  a  village  of  Salt  Lake  co.,  Utah,  1 
mile  from  Bingham  Junction.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist- 
mill, a  woollen-mill,  <fec. 

Gardner's  River,  a  celebrated  salmon-stream  of 
British  Columbia,  rises  near  Fort  St.  James,  in  lat.  54° 
25'  N.,  Ion.  123°  30'  W.,  and  enters  the  Pacific  Ocean 
through  Gardner's  Inlet.     Length,  about  150  miles. 

Gard'nersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pendleton  co.,  Ky., 
5  miles  S.W.  of  De  Mossville. 

Gardnersville,  a  hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
60  miles  N.W.  of  New  York  City.  It  has  a  grist-mill. 
Pop.  about  100. 

Gardnersville,  a  hamlet  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y.,  1  mile 
from  Seward  Station,  and  about  44  miles  W.  of  Albany. 

Gardokh,  a  village  of  Thibet.    See  Gauoo. 

Gardon,  a  river  of  Southern  Franco.    See  Gaiid. 

Gardone,  gan-do'ni,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  10 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Brescia.  It  has  manufactures  of  firearms, 
jewelry,  and  silk  goods.     Pop.  1718. 

Gardone  Riviera,  gaii-do'ni  re-ve-i'ri,  a  village  of 
Northern  Italy,  province  of  Brescia,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Salo, 


Gareep,  a  river  of  Africa.     See  Orange. 

Garessio,  g4-rfis'se-o,  or  Garesso,  gl-r5s'so,  a  town 
of  Italy,  province  and  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mondovi,  oa  the 
Tanaro.     Pop.  6882. 

Garet,  ga-r5t',  a  district  of  Morocco,  province  of  Fez, 
on  the  Mediterranean.     Principal  town,  Melilla. 

Garfagnana,  gan-fin-yi'na,  a  district  of  Italy,  in 
Lucca,  formed  of  the  upper  valley  of  the  Scrchio.  Area, 
155  square  miles.    Chief  town,  Castelnuovo  di  Garfagnana. 

Gar'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  La  Salle  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  103  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago. 

Garfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pawnee  co.,  Kansas,  in  Gar- 
field township,  on  the  Arkansas  River,  and  on  the  Atchison, 


Topeka  <fc  Santa  F6  Railroad,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Lanied. 
It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township  389. 

Garfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mahoning  co.,  0.,  in  Goshen 
township,  at  Damascus  Station  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort 
Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of  Alliance. 

Gargallo,  gan-gil'lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and 
district  of  Novara. 

Gargaliano,  gaK-gi-le-l'no,  a  town  of  Greece,  near 
the  W.  coast  of  the  Morea,  Hi  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Navarino, 
on  a  height.     Pop.  2251. 

Gnrgano,gaR-gi'no  (anc.  Garga'nus),  a  mountain  pen- 
insula of  Italy,  province  of  Foggia,  extending  for  about 
30  miles  into  the  Adriatic,  with  a  breadth  varying  from  15 
to  30  miles.  Its  loftiest  summits  are  Calvo,  near  its  centre, 
5450  feet ;  Sagro,  on  the  E. ;  Spigro,  on  the  N.j  Gargarano, 
on  the  AV. ;  and  Rignano,  on  the  S. 

Garganta-la-Olla,  gaR-gin'ta-li-oryi,  a  town  of 
Spain,  65  miles  N.N.E.  of  Caceres.     Pop.  659. 

Gargarus,  gar'ga-rus  (Turk.  Kazdagh,  kiz'dig'),  a 
mountain  of  Asia  Minor,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Adramyti,  the 
highest  of  the  range  of  Ida. 

Gargnano,  gaRn-yi'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  23  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Brescia,  on  the  W.  shore  of  Lago  di  Garda.  P.  4085. 

Gargosilium,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Jargeac. 

Gar'ha,  a  river  of  India,  joins  the  Chumbul. 

Garha,  a  town  of  India.    See  Gurha. 

Garhako'ta,  or  Garhakot,  gau^ha-kot',  a  town  of 
India,  Jubbulpoor  division,  about  40  miles  E.  of  Saugur. 
Pop.  9316. 

GarhAval,  a  province  of  India.    See  Gurhwal. 

Ga'ria,  a  fishing  hamlet  of  Newfoundland,  on  Garia 
Bay,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Rose  Blanche.     Pop.  195. 

Garienis,  supposed  ancient  name  of  the  Yare. 

Gariep,  a  river  of  South  Africa.    See  Orange. 

Garibaldi,  g5,r-e-bil'de,  a  post-ofiice  of  Keokuk  co,, 
Iowa,  about  30  miles  N.E.  of  Ottumwa. 

Garibaldi,  a  post-ofiice  of  Gaston  co.,  N.C,  on  the 
Atlanta  &  Richmond  Air-Line  Railroad,  9  miles  S.W.  of 
Charlotte.     Near  this  place  is  the  convent  of  Mariastein. 

Garigliano,  gi-reel-yi'no  (anc.  Li'ris),  a  river  of 
Italy,  rises  5  miles  S.E.  of  Tagliacozzo,  flows  S.E.,  and 
enters  the  Mediterranean  9  miles  E.  of  Gaeta.  Length, 
75  miles.     Affluents,  the  Sacco  and  Melfa. 

Garijp,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Gartp. 

Garioch,  g4're-6K,  an  inland  district  of  Scotland,  co. 
of  Aberdeen,  comprising  150  square  miles,  noted  for  its 
cattle,  and  abounding  in  prehistoric  monuments. 

Gar'land,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Arkansas,  is 
drained  by  the  Ouachita  River.  Its  surface  is  hilly.  Cot- 
ton and  Indian  corn  are  among  its  staple  products.  This 
county  has  valuable  minerals  and  medicinal  springs,  and 
forests  of  chestnut,  hickory,  oak,  pine,  <fec.  Area,  622 
square  miles.  Capital,  Hot  Springs.  It  is  partly  inter- 
sected by  a  branch  of  the  Cairo  k  Fulton  Railroad.  Pop. 
in  1880,  9023;  in  1890,  15,328. 

Garland,  a  post-village  of  Butler  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Sepulga  River,  and  on  the  Mobile  &  Montgomery  Railroad, 
67  miles  S.S.W.  of  Montgomery.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a 
saw-mill. 

Garland,  a  village  of  Costilla  co.,  Col.,  on  the  Denver 
<t  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  102  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pueblo,  and  8 
miles  N.E.  of  Fort  Garland. 

Garland,  a  post-village  in  Garland  township,  Penobscot 
CO.,  Me.,  about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Bangor.  It  has  2  or  3 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  furniture,  shoes, 
Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1306, 

Garland,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co..  Pa.,  in  Pitts- 
field  township,  on  Broken  Straw  Creek,  and  on  the  Phila- 
delphia &  Erie  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Dunkirk, 
Alleghany  Valley  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  13  miles  S.E.  of 
Corry,  and  19  miles  N.E.  of  Titusville.  It  has  2  churches, 
manufactures  of  lumber,  heading,  and  staves,  and  a  pipe- 
line bringing  oil  from  West  Hickory.     Pop.  about  400. 

Garland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tipton  co.,  Tenn.,  8  miles 
W.  of  Covington.  It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of 
farming-implements. 

Gar'landville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jasper  oo.,  Miss.,  8 
miles  S.  of  Newton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Garlasco,  gan-lils'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  23  miles  S.E. 
of  Novara.    Pop.  6737. 

Gar'ley,  or  Gur'Iey,  a  post-office  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas. 

Gar'lieston,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  and  5  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Wigtown,  on  a  small  bay  of  the  same  name.     Pop.  683. 

Garlin,  gaR'l^N"',  a  town  of  France,  Basses-Pyrfindes, 
IS  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pau.     Pop.  1305. 

Gar'lock,  a  post-office  of  Pocahontas  co.,  Iowa. 

Gar'man's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Cambria  co.,  Pa. 


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GarmiBcht  san'mish,  a  town  of  Uftvaria,  on  the  Lol- 
•ach,  noar  iu  oonfluonoe  with  the  It&r,  50  miles  S.W.  of 
Alunieh.    Pop.  I&OO. 

Gar'month,  »  town  of  Sootlnnd,  co.  of  Elgin,  at  the 
mouth  of  tho  Spcjr,  3  luilos  N.  of  Foohnbors.     Pop.  636, 

<>arnavil'lo»  a  poat-vilhvgo  of  Clayton  oo^  Iowa,  in 
Oarnarillo  townfihip,  about  44  uiilos  N.W.  of  Dubuquo. 
It  hna  0  ohurchc.i,  i^nd  flour-milla,  Ao,  Lead  is  found  near 
it.     Pop.  of  the  townohip,  1051. 

Gar'ncr,  a  post-villago  in  Concord  township,  Ilnnoook 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Iowa  A  Dakota  division  of  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  21  miles  W.  of  Mason 
City.  It  has  5  oburohes,  3  banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  and 
a  normal  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  679. 

Garner  Station,  a  post-office  of  White  oo.,  Ark.,  is  on 
tho  Cairo  A  Fulton  Railroad,  45  miles  N.E.  of  Little  Rook. 

Garner  Station,  a  post-village  of  Yalabusha  oo., 
Miss.,  on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  A  Chicago  Railroad, 
13  miles  N.  of  Qrenada.  It  has  a  church.  Cotton  is  shipped 
here.     Pop.  about  200. 

Gar'nerville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockland  co.,  N.Y  ,  in 
Haverstraw  township,  i  mile  from  liareratraw  Railroad 
Station.  It  has  2  churches,  a  union  school,  and  the  Rock- 
land Print- Works. 

Gar'nett,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Anderson  co.,  Kan- 
sas, in  Monroe  township,  on  the  Leavenwortli,  Lawrence  & 
Galveston  Railroad,  52  miles  S.  of  Lawrence,  and  34  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Humboldt.  It  contains  a  court-house,  3  banks, 
a  graded  school,  1 1  churches,  3  flour-mills,  and  manufactures 
of  cheese  and  furniture.  Six  newspapers  are  published 
here.     Pop.  in  1890,  2191. 

Garnett,  a  station  in  Harrison  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ken- 
tucky Central  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Cynthiana. 

Gar'nettsville,  or  Gar'nctsville,  a  iwst-village  of 
Meade  co.,  Ky.,  28  or  30  miles  S.S.W.  of  Louisville.  It 
has  2  churches,  1  or  2  flour-mills,  and  an  academy. 

Gar'nish,  a  post-town  on  the  W.  side  of  Fortune  Bay, 
Newfoundland,  20  miles  from  Burin.     Pop.  210. 

Garn^kirk',  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Lanark,  7  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Glasgow.   It  has  iron- and  tile-works.  P.  656. 

Garo'ga,  a  post-village  in  Ephratah  township,  Fulton 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Garoga  Creek,  abbut  40  miles  E.  of  Utica.  It 
has  flour-  and  lumber-mills. 

Garo'ga  Creek,  Now  York,  rises  in  Fulton  co.,  runs 
southwestward,  and  enters  the  Mohawk  River  in  Mont- 
gomery CO.,  about  a  mile  above  Fort  Plain. 

Garo  Hills,  a  district  of  India.    See  Garrow  Hills. 

Garom'na,  an  island  off  the  W.  coast  of  Ireland,  co. 
of  Gahvay,  6  miles  N.  of  the  Arran  Isles. 

Garon,  a  headland  of  Ireland.     See  Gerrox. 

Garonne,  giVonn'  (anc.  Gamm'na),  a  river  of  France, 
rises  in  the  Pyrenees,  in  the  Yal  d'Aran,  on  tho  confines  of 
Spain,  enters  Franco  near  the  village  of  Pont-du-Roi,  and 
passes,  in  the  department  of  Ilaute-Garonne,  Saint-B6at, 
Montrejeau,  Saint-Martory,  Cazfires  (where  its  natural  navi- 
gation commences),  Carbonnc,  Murct,  and  Toulou.=c,  near 
which  it  is  joined  by  the  Canal  du  Midi.  Above  Blaye,  at 
its  junction  -with  the  Dordogne,  tho  river  loses  its  name,  and 
assumes  that  of  the  Girondo  (see  Giuo.vde).  Length,  384 
miles.  Chief  affluents  on  the  right,  the  Salat,  Aricge,  Tarn, 
Lot,  and  Dordogne;  on  the  left,  the  Neste.  Gcrs,  and  Giron. 
Tho  Canal  du  Midi  connects  it  with  the  Mediterranean. 

Garoo,  gl^roo',  Gardtop,  gandHop',  Gartop,  gau'- 
top',  Gortopc,  goRHip',  or  Gardokn,  ganMoK',  a  vil- 
Lage  in  Thibet,  near  a  source  of  the  Indus,  in  lat.  31°  40' 
N.,  Ion.  80°  21'  E.  Elevation,  16,000  feet.  Here  in  sum- 
mer an  active  trade  is  carried  on  in  the  exchange  of  tea, 
shawl-wool,  and  other  products  of  China  and  "JThibet  for 
tho?o  of  Cashmere  and  India. 

Garonpas,  a  town  of  Brazil.    See  Porto  Bello. 

Garra,  a  river  and  village  of  India.     See  Ghara. 

Gar'rard,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Kentucky, 
has  an  area  of  about  225  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  the  Kentucky  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  Dick's 
River.  The  surface  is  partly  billy  and  partly  undulating; 
the  soil  is  fertile.  Oak  timber  hiis  now  the  largest  propor- 
tion available  for  lumber,  but  nsh,  walnut,  Ac,  are  found. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Kentucky  Central  Rail- 
road, which  passes  through  Lancaster,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  10,376;  in  1880,  11,704;  in  1890,  11,138. 

Gar'rattsville,  a  post-Village  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
New  Lisbon  township,  on  Butternut  Creek,  about  34  miles 
S.  of  Utica.  It  has  2  churches,  a  saw-mill,  a  tannery,  a 
eheese-factory,  a  planing-mill,  ond  a  grist-mill. 

Garreguel,  gan^n^h-ghfil',  a  village  of  Senegambia, 
on  the  Senegal.     Lat.  15°  27'  N.;  Ion.  12°  46'  W. 


Gar'retflon,  a  post-villnge  of  Minnehaha  co.,  S.D.,  10 
miles  by  rail  N.  by  W .  of  .Manley,  Minn.  It  has  4  churuhcs, 
a  blink,  a  new!<paper  ofhco,  Ac.     Pop.  341. 

Gar'retson's,  a  station  in  Richmond  co.,  N.Y.,  on  tho 
Etatcn  Island  Railroad,  li  miles  from  Yanderbilt  Landing. 

Garretson's  Landing,  post-office,  Jefferson  co..  Ark. 

Gar'rett,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Maryland,  bor- 
ders on  Pennsylvania  nnd  West  Virginia.  It  is  partly 
drained  by  the  Youghiogheny  River,  and  is  bounded  S.  nnd 
S.E.  by  the  Potomac.  Area,  670  square  miles.  The  surface 
is  mountainous,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests.  Coal 
and  iron  ore  are  found  in  it.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Baltimore 
A  Ohio  Railroad.  The  West  Virginia  CcntrnI  A  Pittsburg 
Railroad,  runs  along  its  S.E.  part.  Capital,  Oakland. 
Poj).  in  1880,  12,175;  in  1890,  14,213. 

Garrett,  a  post-villuge  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad  (Chicago  division),  4  miles  W. 
of  Auburn,  and  about  20  miles  N.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  has 
7  churches,  2  banks,  a  public  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
round-house,  and  r»ilro;ul-sho|is.     Pop.  about  1200. 

Garrett,  a  post-village  of  Meade  co.,  Ky.,  6  miles  W. 
of  Muldraugh.     It  hns  a  church  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Garrett,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co..  Pa.,  in  Summit 
township,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Washington  A  Baltimore  (Bal- 
timore A  Ohio)  Railroad,  at  tho  junction  of  the  Berlin 
Branch,  108  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  1  or  2  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  charcoal  nnd  shooks. 

Gar'rettford,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co..  Pa.,  in 
Upper  Darby  township,  on  Darby  Creek,  1  mile  from  Kel- 
lysvillo  Station,  and  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Gar'retts,  a  station  in  Champaign  co.,  O.,on  the  Colum- 
bus A  Indianapolis  Railroad,  11  miles  W.  of  Urbana. 

Garretts,  a  station  in  Marshall  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  33  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Wheeling. 

Garrett's  Head,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  W.  Va. 

Gar'rcttsburg,  a  post  village  of  Chri^stian  co.,  Ky.,  14 
miles  S.  of  llopkinsville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Gar'rcttsville,  a  post-village  of  Portage  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Mahoning  division  of  the  Atlantic  A  Great  Wef^tern  Rail- 
road, 36  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cleveland,  and  30  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Youngstown.  It  has  4  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  high  school,  2  flouring-mills,  and  manu- 
factures of  rakes,  pnils,  tables,  and  fixtures  for  the  manu- 
facture of  maple-sugar  and  syrup.     Pop.  1046. 

Gar'rison,  a  post-village  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa,  about 
5  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Vinton.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  public  schools.     Pop.  367. 

Garrison,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baltimore  oo.,  Md.,  1  mile 
from  Arlington. 

Garrison,  a  post-village  of  Butler  co..  Neb.,  6  miles  by 
rail  S.  by  W.  of  David  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  2 
elevators,  Ac.     Pop.  200. 

Garrison's,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  in  Phil- 
lipstown  township,  Putnam  co.,  N.Y.,  on  tho  Hudson  River, 
50  miles  N.  of  New  York,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  the 
Hudson  River  Railroad.  A  ferry-boat  plies  between  this 
place  and  West  Point.     It  has  3  churches. 

Garrison's,  a  station  in  Jefferson  co..  Pa.,  on  tho  Low 
Grade  division  of  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  2  miles 
E.  of  Brookville. 

Gar'risonville,  a  post-village  of  Stafford  co.,  Va.,  6 
miles  W.  of  Richland.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Gar'ristown,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  and  16  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Dublin.     Pop.  of  parish,  1070. 

Garrobillas,  gaR-Ho-Bed'yis,  a  town  of  Spain,  27 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Caceres. 

Garron,  a  headland  of  Ireland.     See  GEnnox. 

Gar'rott',  a  post-office  of  Overton  co.,  Tenn. 

Garrovillas  de  Alconetar,  gan-no-vceryJls  di 
il-ko-ni-tan',  a  town  of  Spain,  \i  Estremadura,  province 
and  19  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Caceres.     Pop.  718. 

Gar'row  (or  Garo,  gi'ro)  Hills,  a  district  of  Ben- 
gal, geographically  a  part  of  Assam,  bounded  N.  by  Goal- 
para,  E.  by  the  Cossyah  Hills,  S.  by  Mymunsingh,  and  W. 
by  Rungpoor.  Area,  3390  square  miles.  The  hills  are  in- 
habited by  a  wild  race  of  people,  called  G  arrows,  who  are 
industrious,  but  in  other  respects  are  little  above  the  savage 
state.  The  country  abounds  in  elephants,  and  contains 
coal  and  other  minerals,  but  is  little  developed,  having 
never  been  under  British  rule  until  1872.     Pop.  80,000. 

Gar'ry  Island,  in  the  Arctic  Ocean,  off  the  mouth  of 
Mackenzie  River,  in  lat.  69°  30'  N.,  Ion.  135°  W. 

Garry  Lake,  in  British  North  America,  in  lat.  66°  N., 
Ion.  99°  30'  W.,  receives  Great  Fish  River  from  the  W. 

Gar'ry  O'wen,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa. 

Gars'tang,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  11  miles  S.  of 
Lancaster,  on  the  Wyre,  at  a  railway  junction.     Pop.  687. 


GAR 


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GAS 


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Gar'ston,  a  town  of  England,  eo.  of  Lancaster,  on  the 
Mersey,  at  a  railway  junction,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Liverpool. 
It  has  docks  and  manufactories.     Pop.  of  township,  78-10. 

Gartach,  gan'tlK,  Gross,  groce,  and  Klein,  kline,  two 
nearly  contiguous  villages  of  Wiirtemberg,  11  miles  W.  of 
Ileilbronn,  on  the  Leinbach.  Pop.  of  Gross  Gartach,  1804; 
of  Klein  Gartach,  952. 

Gartempe,  ganHijrp',  or  Gardempe,  gaR'dftsrp',  a 
river  of  Central  France,  which,  after  a  course  of  120  miles, 
at  first  ^y.  and  then  N.,  joins  the  Creuse  25  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Poitiers. 

Gartenfeld,  gaR't?n-f51t,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Hesse, 
forming  a  part  of  the  city  of  Mentz.     Pop.  3250. 

Garth,  garth,  a  hamlet  of  South  Wales,  co.  of  Glamor- 
gan, 5  miles  N.N.^7.  of  Caerphilly. 

Cilarth,  a  hamlet  oi"  North  Wales,  co.  of  Montgomery,  2 
miles  N.N.W.  of  AVelshpool. 

(•arth,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Ala. 

Gartok,  or  Gartop,  a  town  of  Thibet.    See  Garoo. 

Gartok>chn,  gar'tok^-shoo',  or  Gartok-tsin,  gar*- 
tok'-tsee-oo',  written  also  Gartop  c,  a  river  of  Thibet, 
flows  N.W.  between  lofty  ranges  of  the  Himalaya,  and 
joins  the  Indus  from  the  left. 

Gartsher'ry,  a  village  of  Scotland,  in  Lanarkshire, 
now  a  part  of  the  town  of  Coatbridge,  and  having  celebrated 
iron-works.     Pop.  2178. 

Gart'side  (Nos.  1,  2,  3,  and  4),  four  stations  in  Jack- 
son CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Cairo  &  St.  Louis  Railroad.  They  are 
coal-mining  localities,  and  afford  the  excellent  Big  Muddy 
smelting  coal. 

Gart'sides,  a  village  of  St.  Clair  co..  111.,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Alton  &  Terro  Haute  Railroad,  10  miles  S.E.  of  St. 
Louis,  Mo. 

Gartz,  two  towns  of  Prussia.    See  Garz. 

Garumna,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Gakoxne. 

Garvagh,  gau'vin,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  London- 
derry, 9  miles  S.  of  Coleraine.     Pop.  764. 

Gar'ver's  Ferry,  a  village  of  Westmoreland  co,.  Pa., 
on  the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the  Alleghany  Valley  Rail- 
road, 27  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg.  Hero  is  Ingleside  Post- 
Office. 

Gar'vin,  a  station  on  the  Lake  Erie,  Evansvillo  & 
Southwestern  Railroad,  5  miles  from  Evansville,  Ind. 

Garvin,  a  township  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1577. 

Garvin,  a  township  of  Pickens  co.,  S.C.  Pop.  1478. 
It  contains  Central  Station. 

Gar'vin's  Ferry,  a  hamlet  of  Sunflower  co..  Miss.,  on 
the  Sunflower  River,  about  195  miles  N.  of  Vicksburg. 

Gar'wood's,  a  station  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  Buffalo 
division,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Hornellsville,  N.Y. 

Ga'ry,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Deuel  co.,  S.D.,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  30  miles  E.  of  Water- 
town.     Pop.  in  1890,  277. 

Garyp,  or  Garijp,  gi-ripe',  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  Friesland,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Leeuwarden.     Pop.  802. 

Ga'rysburg,  a  post-village  of  Northampton  co.,  N.C., 
on  the  Seaboard  <fc  Roanoke  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with 
the  Petersburg  &  Weldon  Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of  Weldon. 
It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Ga'ry's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Buckingham  co.,  Va., 
18  miles  N.W.  of  Farmville.    Near  it  are  several  churches. 

Ga'rysville,  a  post-office  of  Prince  George  co.,  Va. 

Garz,  or  Gartz,  gaRts,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pome- 
rania,  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Stettin,  on  the  Oder.     Pop.  4984. 

Garz,  or  Gartz,  a  town  of  Prussia,  on  the  island  of 
Riigen,  in  the  Baltic,  10  miles  E.  of  Stralsund.     Pop.  2037. 

Gar'za,  a  county  of  Northwestern  Texas,  on  or  near  the 
border  of  the  Staked  Plain.     Area,  900  square  miles. 

Garzeno,  gand-zd'no, '  a  village  of  Northern  Italy, 
province  of  Como,  6  miles  from  Dongo.     Pop.  1645. 

GarZAveiler,  gaRts'^iMer,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
government  and  18  miles  S.W.  of  Dusseldorf.     Pop.  2528. 

Gas'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind.,  4  miles 
W.  of  Mooresville.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Gas  City,  an  oil-producing  village,  near  East  Sandy, 
Venango  co.,  Pa.  There  is  much  inflammable  gas  produced 
from  the  wells  at  this  place. 

Gascogne,  a  province  of  France.    See  Gascoxy. 

Gascogne,  Golfe  de.    See  Bay  op  Biscay. 

Gascoigne  Cove.    See  Flat  River. 

Gasconade,  gas'ko-naid',  a  county  in  the  E.  central 
part  of  Missouri,  has  an  area  of  about  530  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Missouri  River,  and  intersected 
by  the  Gasconade  River  and  Bourbeuse  Creek.  The  surface 
is  hilly  or  uneven,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests; 
the  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  wine, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  prodttcts.    This  county  has  abun- 


dance of  limestone  (Lower  Silurian)  and  quarries  of  burr- 
stone.  The  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad  passes  along  its 
northern  border,  communicating  with  Hermann,  the  capital 
of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,093;  in  1880,  11,153;  in 
1890,  11,706. 

Gasconade  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gasconade  co., 
Mo.,  on  the  Missouri  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Gasconade, 
and  on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  88  miles  W.  of  St. 
Louis.     It  has  5  or  6  houses. 

Gasconade  Ferry,  a  village  of  Gasconade  co..  Mo., 
on  the  Gasconade  River,  3  miles  from  Gasconade  Railroad 
Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Gasconade  River,  Missouri,  rises  in  the  S.  part  of 
the  state,  and  drains  parts  of  Wright  and  Laclede  cos.  It 
runs  northeastward  tnrough  Pulaski,  Maries,  and  Osage 
COS.  with  a  very  tortuous  course,  and  enters  the  Missouri 
River  in  Gasconade  co.,  about  7  miles  above  Hermann.  It 
traverses  a  hilly  country,  remarkable  for  picturesque 
scenery.  Length,  about  200  miles.  An  affluent,  called  the 
Big  Piney  Fork,  rises  in  Texas  co.,  runs  northward  through 
forests  of  yellow  pine,  and  enters  the  Gasconade  in  Pulaski 
CO.,  about  10  miles  N.E.  of  AVaynesville.  This  fork  is 
nearly  100  miles  long. 

Gascon'da,  a  township  of  Laclede  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  655. 

Gas'cony  (Fr.  Gascogne,  gis^kon';  Sp.  GascufLa,  gis- 
koon'yi;  L.  Vasco'nia),  an  old  province  in  the  S.AV.  of 
France,  now  forming  the  departments  of  Landes,  Gers, 
Ilautes-Pyrenees,  and  part  of  Basses-Pyr6n6e3.  It  was  a 
dependency  of  Guienne,  and  its  capital  was  Auch.  A  por- 
tion of  it  belonged  to  the  sovereigns  of  Navarre,  and  it  was 

united  to  France  in  1589. Adj.  and  inhab.  Gascon  (Fr. 

Gascon,  ga,s*k6N»'). 

Gas'kiil,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co..  Pa.     Pop.  478. 

Gaskili's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Oswego  township,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Oswego.  It  has  a 
cheese-factory  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  75. 

Gas'kin,  a  fishing  hamlet  in  the  district  of  Placentia 
and  St.  Marys,  Newfoundland,  on  the  E.  side  of  St.  Marys 
Bay,  4  miles  from  St.  Marys.     Pop.  189. 

Gasko,  gis'ko,  a  town  of  Herzegovina,  50  miles  S.E. 
of  Mostar. 

Gas'par',  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  in  Gas- 
par  Strait,  a  passage  from  50  to  60  miles  across,  between 
the  islands  of  Banca  and  Billiton. 

Gaspar  Grande,  gls'paR  grln'di,  an  island  in  the 
Gulf  of  Paria,  South  America,  near  the  N.W.  extremity  of 
Trinidad. 

Gasparil'la  (or  Gasparil'lo)  Sound  and  Island 
are  on  the  W.  coast  of  Florida,  near  Charlotte  Harbor. 

Gasparina,  gis-pi-ree'ni,  or  Gasperina,  gls-p4- 
ree'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  11  miles  S.S.AV.  of 
Catanzaro.     Pop.  3414. 

Gasp6,  gis'pi',  a  peninsula,  forming  a  district  of  Que- 
bec, and  comprising  the  counties  of  Gaspe  and  Bonavcnturc, 
is  surrounded  from  Cap  Chat  to  Cap  des  Rosiers  by  the  waters 
of  the  river  St.  Lawrence ;  thence  to  Pointe  aux  Maquereaux 
by  the  waters  of  the  Gulf,  this  point  marking  the  boundary 
between  the  two  counties ;  thence  to  Point  Magouacha  by 
the  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  and  thence  westward  to  the  western 
end  of  the  district  by  the  Restigouche;  the  whole  having 
about  375  miles  of  coast,  and  valuable  and  inexhaustible 
fishing-grounds.  The  chief  resources  of  the  district,  with 
respect  to  exportations,  are  the  cod-,  salmon-,  mackerel-,  her- 
ring-, and  whale-fisheries,  and  lumber:  the  former  princi- 
pally in  Gaspfi  co.,  and  the  latter  principally  in  Bonaven- 
ture.  It  is  mostly  settled  along  the  coast,  leaving  immense 
tracts  of  wild  lands.     Pop.  34,652. 

Gasp6,  a  maritime  county  of  Quebec,  occupying  the  E. 
portion  of  the  Gaspd  Peninsula,  has  an  area  of  4703  square 
miles.     Chief  town,  Perc6.     Pop.  18,729. 

Gasp6,  or  Gasp6  Basin,  a  post-town  and  port  of 
entry  in  Gaspe  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  entrance 
to  Gasp6  Bay,  450  miles  (by  sea)  from  Quebec.  It  is  the  scat 
of  extensive  fisheries,  Ac,  and  is  distinguished  iii  history 
as  being  the  place  where  Jacques  Cartier  landed  on  July 
24, 1554.  It  contains  a  branch  bank,  several  churches,  and 
6  stores.  Petroleum  has  been  obtained  here.  On  the  high 
ground  near  the  town  is  Fort  Ramsey.     Pop.  726. 

Gas'per,  a  township  of  Preble  co.,  0.,  traversed  by  the 
Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Indianapolis  Railroad.     Pop.  895. 

Gaspereaux,  gas*p?h-ro',  a  post-village  in  Queens  co., 
New  Brunswick,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Gaspereaux  and 
Salmon  Rivers,  81  miles  N.  of  St.  John.     Pop.  150. 

Gaspereaux,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co..  Nova  Scotia, 
oil  Gaspereaux  River,  2i  miles  from  Wolfville.     Pop.  200. 

Gaspereaux  Station,  a  post-village  in  Queens  004 
New  Brunswick,  32  miles  by  rail  W.  of  St.  John. 


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GasperiDa,  a  town  of  IUI7.    Sm  Q^pariita. 

Gas  Point*  m  pott-ofBoe  of  ShaaU  00.,  Cal.,  is  at  a 
hamlet  oalled  Janoirille. 

Gas'portt  a  post-rillage  of  Niagara  00.,  N.T.,  on  the 
Erie  Canal  and  tne  New  York  Central  Railroad,  48  miles 
Vf.  of  Koebester,  and  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Loekport.  It  oun- 
tains  3  cburohes,  sbinglo-mills,  and  uluning-uiills,  and  has 
manufaoturcs  of  cider  and  wino.  The  named  is  derived 
from  the  inflummablo  gns  which  here  issues  from  the  ground. 

Gassat  a  town  of  Northern  India.    See  Qiiassa. 

Gassen*  giU'sfn,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg, 
on  a  railway,  47  miles  S.E.  of  Frankfort.     Pop.  1560. 

Gns'iiCtt's  Stntioii,  a  post-hamlot  of  Windsor  co.,  Vt., 
in  Chester  township,  on  the  Central  Vermont  Ilailrood,  34 
miles  S.E.  of  Rutland. 

Gnssino,  g&s-seo'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  8 
miles  N.E.  of  Turin.     Pop.  29.35. 

Gass'vilio,  a  post-office  of  Baxter  co.,  Ark. 

Gastdorf,  g&st'donf,  or  Gastorf*  g&s'toRf,  a  town  of 
Bohemia,  29  miles  N.  of  Prague.     Pop.  1397. 

Gastciiit  giU'tin,  a  valley  of  Austria,  province  of  Salz- 
burg, is  about  30  miles  long  from  N.  to  S.,  and  is  much 
visited  for  its  Alpine  scenery  and  its  hot  mineral  springs. 
Those  of  WiLDBAD-,  ^ilt'biVt,  (or  Bad-)  Gastein,  a  village 
46  miles  S.  of  Salzburg,  have  rendered  that  place  one  of 
the  most  fashionable  bathing-places  in  Europe.  Pop.  390. 
IIop-Oastein,  hOf-g&s'tin,  6  miles  farther  N.,  is  also  a  bath- 
ing-place, and  has  a  military  hospital,  and  old  silver-mines 
now  partly  covered  by  glaciers.  Pop.  735.  Doup-Qastein, 
donf-g&s'tin,  is  a  hamlet  C  miles  N.  of  Hof-Gastoin.     P.  218. 

Gastel)  gis't^l.  New  and  Old,  two  contiguous  villages 
of  the  Netherlands,  province  of  North  Brabant,  14  miles  W. 
of  Breda.     United  pop.  3580. 

Gasteren*  g4s'ti-r§n,  a  valley  of  Switzerland,  on  the 
frontiers  of  the  canton  of  Bern,  and  W.  of  the  BlUmlis- 
alp.  It  is  almost  unsurpassed  in  savage  grandeur,  having 
for  its  background  the  great  Tschingel  glacier,  between  the 
Schilthorn  and  the  Sackhorn,  whose  summits  rise  9000  feet. 

Gas'ton,  a  county  in  the  S.AV.  part  of  North  Carolina, 
has  an  area  of  about  330  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Catawba  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the 
South  (or  Little)  Catawba  River.  The  surface  is  diversified 
with  hills  and  valleys,  and  half  of  it  is  covered  with  forests. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  cotton,  wheat,  and  Pork 
are  the  staples.  Gold  is  found  here  in  quartz  rock.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad, 
which  passes  through  Dallas,  the  capital,  and  in  the  N.E. 
portion  by  the  Carolina  Central  Railroaid.  Pop.  in  1870, 
12,602;  in  1880,  14,254;  in  1890,  17,764. 

Gaston,  a  post-homlet  of  Sumter  co.,  Ala.,  12  miles 
S.E.  of  York. 

Gaston,  Fremont  co„  Iowa.    See  PERCivAt. 

Gaston,  a  hamlet  in  Gaston  township,  Northampton 
CO.,  N.C.,  on  the  Roanoke  River,  and  on  the  Raleigh  <t 
Gaston  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  a  branch  of  the  Peters- 
burg &  Woldon  Railroad,  12  miles  "W.N.W.  of  Weldon. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  2310.    See  South  Gaston. 

Gaston,  a  post- village  of  Washington  co.,  Oregon,  on 
the  Oregon  Central  Railroad,  32  miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of 
Portland.     It  has  a  church  and  a  store. 

Gaston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  W.  Va.,  28  miles 
8.  of  Clarksburg.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Gasto'nia,  a  post-village  of  Gaston  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Atlanta  &  Richmond  Air-Line  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Chester  &  Lenoir  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Dallas,  and  22 
miles  W.  of  Charlotte.  It  has  several  churches,  a  bunk,  a 
newspaper  office,  2  cotton-mills,  <fec.     Pop.  in  1890,  1033. 

Gaston's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co., 
Ark.,  8  miles  W.  of  Mount  Ida.     It  has  a  church. 

Gastor,  gls-toR',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  75 
miles  N.E.  of  Cadiz.     Pop.  1696. 

Gastorf,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Gastdorp. 

Gastouni,  or  Gastuni,  gis-too'nee,  a  village  of 
Greece,  in  Morea,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Cape  Elarentza.  Pop. 
1061.    See  Gulp  op  Gastouni. 

Gdstrililand,  Sweden.    See  Gestrikland. 

Gas'tus,  a  fishing  settlement  in  the  district  of  Harbor 
Main,  Newfoundland,  at  the  head  of  Conception  Bay,  36 
miles  from  St.  John's.     Pop.  150. 

Gata,  g&'til,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  65  miles 
N.AV.  of  Caccres,  on  the  river  Gata.     Pop.  2084. 

Gata,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Valencia,  55  miles  N.E.  of 
Alicante,  on  the  Jalon.  Pop.  2035.  See  Cape  Gata  and 
Sierra  de  Gata. 

Gatcii'ellville,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co..  Pa.,  in 
Fawn  township,  about  22  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Lancaster.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  about  200. 


Gatcliina,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Gatshira. 

Gate  City,  a  post-village  of  Soott  00.,  Va.,  31  miles  by 
rail  W.N.W.  of  Bristol.  It  has  2  cburohes,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  Ac.     Pop.  500. 

Gate  Crcelt,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lnne  00.,  Oregon,  near 
Mclvonzie  River,  33  miles  E.  of  Eugene  City. 

Gnte'liouse,  or  Gatctionse  of  Fleet,  a  borough 
of  Scotland,  co.  of  Kirkcudbright,  on  the  Fleet,  6  miles 
N.W.  of  Kirkcudbright.  The  river  is  navigable  for  vessels 
of  180  tons.     Pop.  1503. 

Gates,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  North  Carolina, 
bordering  on  Virginia,  has  an  area  of  about  360  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Chowan  River. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  eztensiively  covered  with 
forests  of  oak,  pine,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  produces 
some  Indian  corn  and  cotton.  It  is  intersected  by'  the 
Suffolk  &  Carolina  Railroad.  Capital,  Gatesville.  Pop.  in 
1870,  7724;  in  1880,  8897;  in  1890,  10,252. 

Gates,  a  post-township  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  about  2 
miles  W.  of  Rochester,  intersected  by  the  New  York  Central 
Railroad.  Here  are  many  gardens,  which  supply  vegetables 
for  the  Rochester  markets.  It  has  4  churches.  Part  of  it 
was  annexed  to  Rochester  in  1874.     Pop.  1997. 

Gates'liead,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Durham,  at 
the  junction  of  several  railways,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Tyne,  opposite  Newcastle.  It  has  an  unprepossessing  ap- 
pearance, and  is  densely  inhabited  by  the  working  classes. 
The  town  is  lighted  with  gas  and  well  supplied  with  water, 
has  a  parish  church,  and  several  charitable  and  benevolent 
institutions,  among  which  are  St.  James's  Hospital,  some 
charity  schools  and  almshouses,  a  dispensary,  and  mechan- 
ics' institute.  The  manufactures  of  Gateshead  include 
anchors,  chain  cables,  nails,  ship-building,  hemp  and  wire 
rope  making,  iron-founding,  paper,  glue,  vinegar,  hato, 
brass-  and  copper-works,  glass,  soap,  and  chemicals.  In 
the  neighborhood  are  extensive  collieries,  and  also  quar- 
ries of  grindstones.  It  is  governed  by  a  mayor,  6  aldermen, 
and  18  councillors,  and  returns  a  member  to  the  House  of 
Commons.     Pop.  in  1881,  65,803;  in  1891,  85,709. 

Gate'side,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Renfrew,  4 
miles  S.E.  of  Paisley.     Pop.  399. 

Gates'  Mills,  a  post-hamlot  of  Cuyahoga  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Chagrin  River,  about  15  miles  E.  of  Cleveland.  It  hai 
a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  2  churches. 

Gates  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Atascosa  co.,  Tex. 

Gates'ville,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Republican  River,  and  on  a  bnvnch  of  the  Kansas  Pacific 
Railroad,  about  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Junction  City. 

Gatesville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Gates  co.,  N.C., 
in  Gatesville  township,  about  44  miles  S.S.W.  of  Norfolk, 
Va.,  and  38  miles  N.  of  Plymouth.  It  has  4  churches,  and 
a  male  and  female  institute.     Pop.  156;  of  township,  1155. 

Gatesville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Corj'oll  co.,  Tex., 
on  Leon  River,  40  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Waco,  and  about  84 
miles  N.  of  Austin.  It  has  6  churches,  2  banks,  2  news- 
paper offices,  an  academy,  &o.     Pop.  in  1890,  1375. 

Gate'wood,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co..  111. 

Gatewood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ripley  co..  Mo.,  16 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Doniphan.     It  has  2  cnurches. 

Gatha,  gi't&,  Gatta,  g&t't&h^,  or  Gattendorf,  g&t'- 
t^n-donr,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Wieselburg,  on  the 
Leitha,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Presburg.     Pop.  1400. 

Gathshina,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Gatshina, 

Gatinara,  a  town  of  Italy.    Sec  Gattinara. 

Gatine,  gi'teen',  a  district  of  Franco  which  belonged 
to  the  former  province  of  Poitou,  and  is  now  included  in 
the  department  of  Deux-S6vres.     Capital,  Parthenay. 

Gatineau,  g&^tee^no',  a  river  of  Quebec,  issues  from 
several  lakes,  near  lat.  48°  N.,  funs  southward,  and  enters 
the  Ottawa  River  about  1  mile  below  the  capital  city  of 
Ottawa.     Estimated  length,  400  miles. 

Gatineau  Point,  Quebec.    See  Templeton. 

Gatinois,or  Gatinais,  gS,Hee'n&',  an  old  division  01 
France,  dependent  on  the  provinces  of  Orl6annais  and  Isle 
of  France,  and  now  subdivided  among  the  departments  of 
Seine-ct-Marne,  Loiret,  Nifivre,  and  Yonne. 

Gat'linburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sevier  co.,  Tenn.,  about 
40  miles  S.E.  of  Knoxville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Gat'lington,  a  post-office  of  Gates  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Chowan  River.     Here  is  a  steamboat-landing. 

Gato,  an  island  of  Brazil.     See  Raza. 

Gato,  gi'to,  Gatto,  g&t'to,  Agatton,  &-g&t-ton', 
Agatho,  i-g4'to,  or  Agaton,  h-gk-ton',  a  town  of  Upper 
Guinea,  the  port  of  Benin,  from  which  town  it  is  distant  15 
miles  S.S.W.,  on  a  creek  of  the  Benin  River. 

Gatrone,  gi-tro'n4,  a  town  of  Northern  Africa,  In  Fez- 
zan,  77  miles  S.S.E.  of  Moorzook. 


GAT 


1249 


GAY 


Gatshina,  or  Gatschina,  glt-shee'nl,  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  30  miles  S.S.W.  of  St.  Petersburg, 
at  a  railway  junction.  Pop.  8890,  It  is  well  built,  and  has 
an  imperial  palace,  with  extensive  parks,  and  in  the  town 
hats,  cloth,  and  pottery  are  made. 

Gatta,  or  Gattendorf,  Hungary.    See  Gatha. 

Gatteo,  git-ti'o,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Forli,  7 
miles  E.  of  Cesena.     Pop.  3014. 

Gattcville,  gdttS-eel',  a  village  of  France,  in  Mancbe, 

16  miles  E.  of  Cherbourg.  Pop.  1308.  It  gives  its  name 
to  the  promontory  forming  the  E.  angle  of  the  peninsula  of 
Cotentin,  called  the  Raz  de  Gatteville. 

Gattico,  git'te-ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  20 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Novara.     Pop.  2136. 

Gattikon,  gitHee^kon',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
of  Zurich,  1  mile  W.S.W.  of  Thalweil.  It  has  cotton-  and 
lilk-mills. 

Gattinara,  glt-te-ni'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 

17  miles  N.W.  of  Novara,  on  the  Sesia.  It  contains  a 
parish  church  on  a  magnificent  scale,  4  other  churches,  and 
the  remains  of  some  feudal  castles.     Pop.  4670. 

Gatto,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Gato. 

Gatuii,  gi-toon',  a  river  of  the  Isthmus  of  Panama, 
rises  in  the  mountains  E.  of  Puerto  Bello,  flows  N.,  and 
joins  the  Chagres  River  8  miles  from  the  Caribbean  Sea. 

Gatun,  gi-toon',  a  town  of  the  United  States  of  Colom- 
bia, in  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  situated  near  the  junction 
of  the  Gatun  with  the  Chagres,  about  8  miles  from  the  sea. 

Gaualgesheim,  g5w'il-gh9s-hime\  a  town  of  Hesse, 
3  miles  W.  of  Ober-Ingelheim.     Pop.  2208. 

Gaucin,  or  Gauzin,  gow-theen'  or  gSw-seen',  a  town 
of  Spain,  Andalusia,  47  miles  W.S.W.  of  Malaga.     P,  4503. 

Gaudenzdorf,  gdw'd^nts-donf^  a  village  of  Austria, 
%  suburb  of  Vienna,  on  the  Wien.     Pop.  11,692. 

Gaudianum,  the  Latin  name  of  Gozzano. 

Gau-el-Kebeer,  gow-6l-k?h-beer'  (anc.  Antmop'olls), 
a  village  of  Egypt,  with  the  remain^  of  a  temple,  on  the  E. 
bank  of  the  Nile,  26  miles  S.E.  of  Sioot. 

GaugodeS;  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Argo. 

Gauhati,  a  town  of  Assam.    See  GowHATxr. 

Gauir^  gow'^r,  a  river  of  Scotland,  rises  near  Loch 
Etive,  and  enters  Loch  Rannoch,  in  the  oo.  of  Perth, 

Gaukariia,  gaw^kaR'ni,  a  maritime  town  of  India,  in 
Madras,  on  the  Malabar  coast,  21  miles  N.W.  of  Onore. 
Lat.  14°  32'  N.;  Ion.  75°  25'  E.     Pop,  about  3000. 

Gaul.    See  France. 

Gauley  (gaw'lee)  Bridge ,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co., 
W.  Va.,  at  the  head  of  navigation  on  the  Kanawha,  and  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Gauley  River,  about  30  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Charleston,  and  1  mile  N.  of  the  Chesapeake  <fc  Ohio  Rail- 
road.    It  has  a  church,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Gauley  Alountains^  a  range  of  the  Appalachian  sys- 
tem in  West  Virginia,  continuous  to  the  S.W.  with  the  Cum- 
berland Mountains,     It  receives  a  variety  of  local  names. 

Gauley  River,  West  Virginia,  rises  in  Pocahontas  co., 
runs  nearly  southeastward  through  AVebster  and  Nicholas 
COS.,  forms  the  northern  boundary  of  Fayette  co.,  and  en- 
ters the  Kanawha  or  New  River  at  Gauley  Bridge,  It  is 
nearly  120  miles  long. 

Gaulna,  gawI'uS,,  a  hill  fort  and  town  of  British  India, 
103  miles  E.S.E.  of  Surat, 

Gaulos,  the  ancient  name  of  Gozo. 

Gault'ney's,  township,  Alexander  co.,  N.C.     P.  1126. 

Gaultois,  golHwi',  a  port  of  entry  on  Long  Island,  on 
the  W.  side  of  Hermitage  Bay,  Newfoundland,  13  miles 
S.W.  of  Harbor  Briton.     Pop.  200, 

Gaurae,  a  river  of  Brazil,    See  Cauambe. 

Gauncrsdorf,  gow'ners-doRr,  a  town  of  Lower  Aus- 
tria, on  the  Weidenbach,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Korneuburg.    It 
consists  of  three  distinct  parts,  called  Markt-,  Wieden-,  and 
Aigen-Gaunorsdorf.     Pop.  of  commune,  2474, 
^     Gau-Odernheiin,  Germany,     See  Odernheim, 
j    Gaur,  a  town  and  district  of  Afghanistan.    See  Ghore, 

Gaur,  a  city  of  Hindostan.     See  Gour, 

Gaure,  goR,  an  ancient  country  of  Franco,  whose  cap- 
ital was  Fleurance,  in  the  former  province  of  Guienne, 

Gauriac,  go^ro-ik',  a  village  of  France,  in  Gironde,  4 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Blaye.    Pop.  1536. 

GauritZ)  gow'rits,  a  river  of  South  Africa,  in  Cape 
Colony,  formed  by  the  union  of  the  Gamka  and  Dwyka 
Rivers,  and  separating  the  districts  of  George  and  Zwellen- 
dam  to  the  sea,  which  it  enters  after  a  S.  course  of  50  miles. 

Gause,  gawz,  a  post-office  of  Milam  co.,  Texas,  on  the 
International  &  Great  Northern  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of 
Ucarne. 

Gausson,  gos^siN"',  a  village  of  France,  in  Cfites-du- 
Nord,  10  miles  N.  of  Loud^ac.     Pop,  2023. 


Gaut-Barwari)  gawt-bar-waw'ree,  a  town  of  India, 
in  the  Boglipoor  district.     Pop.  3372. 

Gautnlco,  g5w-tool'ko,  a  harbor  of  Mexico,  state  and 
110  miles  S.E.  of  Oajaca,  on  the  Pacific. 

Gauzin,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Gaucin. 

Gavardan,  a  vicomt6  of  France.    See  Gabardan, 

Gavardo,  gi-van'do,  a  town  of  Lombardy,  10  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Brescia,  on  the  Chiese.     Pop.  2210. 

Gavarnie,  giVan^nee',  a  frontier  hamlet  of  France,  in 
Hautes-Pyr€n6es,  34  miles  S.  of  Tarbes,  4378  feet  above  the 
sea.  It  is  situated  on  a  small  stream  called  Gave  de  Pau, 
in  which  is  the  Fall  of  Gavarnie,  one  of  the  finest  cascades 
in  Europe,     Pop.  351. 

Gave,  giv  {i.e.,  "water"),  the  generic  name  of  every 
stream  in  the  French  Pyrenees. 

Gave  d'Aspe,  giv  disp,  and  Gave  d'Ossau,  giv 
dos^so',  Basses-Pyrfinees,  rise  near  the  Pic  du  Midi,  and 
unite  near  Oloron,  to  form  the  Gave  d'Oloron.  Length  of 
the  Gave  d'Aspe,  30  miles;  of  the  Gave  d'Ossau,  30  miles. 

Gave  de  Pau,  giv  d§h  po,  rises  in  Spain,  near  Mont 
Perdu,  flows  N.W.  through  the  valley  of  Gavarnie,  and 
joins  the  Adour  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bayonne,  after  a  course 
of  110  miles.     Principal  affluent,  the  Gave  d'Oloron. 

Gavello,  gi-vSl'lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  8 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Rovigo,  It  occupies  the  site  of  an  ancient 
town  of  the  same  name,  whose  splendor  is  still  attested  by 
its  ruins.     Pop.  2361. 

Gavenola,  the  Latin  name  of  Genola, 

Ga'vers,  a  post-office  of  Columbiana  co.,  0. 

Gavi,  gi'vee,  a  fortified  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Alessandria,  5  miles  S.  of  Novi,     Pop.  6304. 

Gavia,  gi've-i,  a  mountain  of  Brazil,  province  and 
S.W,  of  Rio  Janeiro. 

Gavia  la  Chica,  gi've-\  li  chee'ki,  a  village  of 
Spain,  province  and  6  miles  S.W.  of  Granada. 

Gavia  la  Grande,  gi've-S,  14  grin'dA,  a  village  of 
Spain,  province  and  6  miles  S.W,  of  Granada, 

Gavi^o,  gl-ve-owK"',  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  21 
miles  N.W,  of  Crato. 

Gaviaon,  gi-vc-owN<>',  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Alem- 
tejo,  30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Portalegre,     Pop.  1704, 

Gavilan  Mountains.    See  Gabilan  Mountains. 

Gavilan,  Sierra  de.    See  Sierra  de  Gavilan, 

Gavirate,  gi-ve-ri'ti,  a  village  of  North  Italy,  18 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Como,  on  Lake  Varese.     Pop.  1848. 

Gavoi,  g3,-voi',  a  village  on  the  island  of  Sardinia,  64 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  1444. 

Gavorrano,  gA-von-Ri'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  La 
Maremma,  36  miles  S.W.  of  Sienna.     Pop.  1375. 

Gavray,  giH-ri',  a  town  of  France,  in  Manchc,  12  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Coutances.     Pop.  1821, 

Gavrilovsk,  or  Gawrilowsk,  glv-re-lovsk',  a  vil- 
lage of  Russia,  30  miles  N.  of  Vladimeer.     Pop.  11)57. 

Gavrilovsk,  or  Gawrilowsk,  a  village  of  Siberia, 
government  of  Tomsk,  district  of  Barnaul. 

Gawelghur,  gi-w61-ghur',  or  GaAVUlgnr,  g8,-wfil- 
ghfir',  a  hill-fortress  of  India,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Ellich- 
poor.  It  was  stormed  and  taken  by  the  Duke  of  Wellington 
(then  General  Wellesley)  in  1803, 

Gaw'ler,  or  Gaw'lertown,  a  municipality  of  South 
Australia,  23  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Adelaide,     Pop.  1809. 

Gaw'ler  Range,  a  range  of  mountains  in  South  Aus- 
tralia, about  25  miles  N.E.  of  Adelaide,  remarkable  for  their 
sterile  and  arid  character. 

Gay,  a  township  of  Taylor  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  346, 

Gaya,  ghi'i  (Moravian,  Kygow,  kig'ov),  a  town  of 
Austria,  in  Moravia,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Hradisch,     P.  2475, 

Gaya,  Gayah,  or  Gya,  ghi'i,  the  southernmost  dis- 
trict of  the  Patna  division,  Bahar,  British  India.  Lat.  24° 
17'-25°  19'  N.;  .Ion.  84°  4'-86°  5'  E.  Area,  4713  square 
miles.  It  is  mostly  a  level  and  fertile  plain.  Chief  town, 
Gaya.     Capital,  Sahibgunge,     Pop,  1,949,750, 

Gaya,, or  Gayah,  sometimes  written  Gya,  a  town  of 
the  above  district,  43  miles  S.W.  of  Bahar,  and  adjoining, 
though  distinct  from,  Sahibgunge,  the  capital  of  the  dis- 
trict, Sahibgunge  is  well  built,  has  some  English  inhab- 
itants, a  hospital,  jail,  church,  public  library,  and  good 
public  buildings  ;  but  Gaya  proper  has  narrow,  crooked,  and 
dirty  streets,  and  great  houses  of  stone  and  brick,  of  very 
singular  appearance.  Near  it  is  Boodh  Gaya,  a  very  sacred 
place  in  the  estimation  of  Booddbists,  while  Gaya  itself  is  a 
famous  place  of  pilgrimage  for  those  of  Brahmanical  faith. 
Pop.,  with  Sahibgunge,  about  90,000. 

Gaya  (ghi'i)  Islands,  two  islands  in  the  Indian 
Archipelago,  one  on  the  N.E.  coast,  the  other  on  the  N.W. 
coast  of  Borneo :  the  first  in  lat.  4°  66'  N.,  Ion.  118°  52'  K,, 
the  second  in  lat,  6°  2'  N.,  Ion.  116°  E. 


GAY 


^"Hwb  "^diiB 


Gaybiel,  or  Gaibiel,  ghl-be-Al',  &  town  of  SpMn,  in 
Vftlcnciii,  I'j  inilos  \V.  by  S.  of  Ciuitellon  do  la  Plana. 
iiay  Head,  a  poft-townsbip  of  Dakes  co.,  Mam.,  i«  a 

Kromontory  funning  th«  >V.  extremitj  of  the  island  of 
tartha'i  Vineyard,  22  raUtrn  W.  of  Eilgartown.  Pop.  216, 
of  iMurtiRl  Indian  stock.  Here  is  a  revolving  light  rnised 
170fo«t  Bbove  th«  acts  lat.  41°  20'  52"  N.,  Ion.  70°  49'  47" 
W.    The  promoBtorj  affords  abundant  uiocene  fossils. 

Guy  Ilead,a  poat-baml«t  of  Oroeno  co.,  N.Y.,  10  or  11 
niik'R  N.W.  of  Athens.     It  haa  a  church. 

tiny  Ilill^  a  uost-bamlct  of  Washington  co.,  Tex.,  8 
miles  N.  of  Brennaui.  It  baa  2  churches  and  a  female 
seminary. 

Gaylesville,  or  Galesville,  gulz'vll,  a  post-villnge 
of  Cherokee  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Chattanooga  River,  25  miles 
W.  of  Kome,  Qa.  It  has  several  churches  and  a  high  school. 
Iron  ore  abounds  here.     Pop.  about  300. 

Gay'lordf  a  post-hamlet  of  Smith  co.,  Kansas,  45  miles 
by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Beloit. 

Gaylord,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Otsego  co.,  Mich.,  47 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Cheboygan.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks, 
2  newsjiiiper  oiBccs,  a  high  school,  a  potash-factory,  Ac. 

Gaylord)  n  post-village  of  Sibley  co.,  Minn.,  45  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Redwood  Fulls.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  .^87. 

Gay'lordsville,  a  post-village  of  Litchfield  co..  Conn., 
at  Mcrwinsvillo  Station,  7  miles  N.  of  New  Milford,  and 
about  20  miles  N.  of  Danbury. 

Gay'n<»rvillc,  a  post-hamlet  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind.,  7 
miles  S.  of  Greensburg.    It  has  a  church. 

Gayo'so,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pemiscot  co..  Mo., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  35  miles  below  New  Madrid,  and 
about  70  miles  by  land  S.S.W.  of  Cairo,  111.  It  has  a  church, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  a  plough-factory. 

Gay's  Landing,  a  post-office  and  landing  of  Marengo 
eo.,  Ala.,  on  the  Torabigbco,  42  miles  below  Demopolis. 

Gays'port,  a  borough  of  Blair  co..  Pa.,  is  8  miles  S.  of 
Altoona,  and  is  adjacent  to  Hollidaysburg,  from  which  it  is 
separated  by  a  branch  of  the  Juniata  River.  Here  are 
manufactures  of  iron.     Pop.  799. 

Gay's  River,  a  post-village  in  Halifax  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  Coldstream  Brook,  a  tributary  of  Gay's  River,  6 
miles  from  Shubenacadie.     Gold  is  found  here.     Pop.  350. 

Gays'ville,  a  post-village  of  Windsor  eo.,  Vt.,  in  Stock- 
bridge  township,  on  White  River,  about  IS  miles  N.E.  of 
Rutland.  It  has  2  churches,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  manu- 
factory of  ivory  buttons. 

Gay'ville,  a  post-villnge  of  Yankton  co.,  S.D.,  on  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  and  near  the 
Missouri  River,  about  12  miles  E.  of  Yankton. 

Gaza,  gi'zj  (Arab.  Guzzeh,  guz'z^h),  a  city  of  Pales- 
tine, about  2  miles  from  the  Mediterranean,  and  48  miles 
S.W.  of  Jerusalem.  Lat.  31°  29'  N. ;  Ion.  34°  29'  E.  Pop. 
about  12,000.  It  is  an  open  town,  or  rather  a  group  of  vil- 
lages, partly  built  of  stone,  but  mostly  of  earth  and  unbaked 
bricks,  on  the  site  of  the  ancient  city ;  and  it  is  a  principal 
entrepot  for  the  caravans  passing  between  Egypt  and  Syria. 

Gazaca,  the  ancient  name  of  Tabreez. 

Gazelle,  ga-zel',  a  post-office  of  Siskiyou  co.,  Cal. 

Gazelle,  a  post-office  of  Thayer  co.,  Neb. 

Gazna,  a  city  of  Afghanistan.    See  Ghuznee. 

Gazuolo,  g&d-zoo-o'lo,  or  Gazzuolo,  git-soo-o'lo,  a 
village  of  Itiily,  11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Mantua.     Pop.  1176. 

Gaz'za,  a  village  in  Burrillville  township.  Providence 
CO.,  R.I.,  2  miles  from  Oakland  Railroad  Station.  It  has 
a  woollen-mill.     Pop.  140. 

Gazzaniga,  g&t-si-nce'gil,  a  village  of  Italy,  0  miles 
N.E.  by  N.  of  Bergamo,  on  the  Serio.     Pop.  1761. 

Gazzo,  git'so,  a  village  of  North  Italy,  8  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Vicenza.     Pop.  2466. 

Gazzoldo,  git-Bol'do,  a  village  of  Italy,  10  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  Mantua.     Pop.  1278. 

Gdansk,  the  Polish  name  of  Daxtzic. 

Gdov,  or  Gdow,  g'dov,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  13 
wile?  W.S.W.  of  Bochnia.     Pop.  1140. 

Gdov,  g'dov,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  120 
miles  S.W.  of  St.  Petersburg.     Pop.  1393. 

G^ant,  zhi'A.v"'  (t.e.,  "giant"),  or  Aiguille  du 
G6ant,  i'gheel'  dii  zh&^6N<>',  one  of  the  principal  summits 
of  the  Pennine  Alps,  Savoy,  4^  miles  N.E.  of  Mont  Blanc, 
13,156  feet  in  elevation.  The  Col  (or  pass)  du  G6ant  is 
11,146  feet  in  elevation,  and  leads  from  Courmayeur,  in 
Italy,  to  Chamouni,  in  France,  by  the  Mer  de  Glace. 

Gear'y,  or  Geary  City,  a  post-village  of  Doniphan 
eo.,  Kansas,  on  the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  St.  Joseph  k 
Topcka  Railroad,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Atchison.  It  has  a  grist- 
mill, a  saw-mill,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  102. 


Geary,  a  post-office  of  Clinton  co.,  Mich. 

<icary,  a  post-office  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa. 

Geauga,  je-aw'g^,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Ohio, 
has  an  area  of  about  440  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  Cuyahoga,  Chagrin,  and  Grand  Rivers,  which  rise  in  it. 
The  surface  is  an  undulating  and  elcvatetl  table-lund,  and 
extensively  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  boecli,  elm, 
chestnut,  white  oak,  and  sugar-maple  abound.  The  soil  ii 
fertile,  contains  much  clay,  and  is  adapted  to  jia.-'tiinige. 
Hay,  milk,  butter,  oats,  cheese,  maple  sugar,  cuttle,  ami  llax 
are  the  staple  proilucts.  The  predominant  rock  is  a  pebbly 
sandstone  called  conglomerate.  The  Bercagrit,  which  crops 
out  here,  is  a  good  building-stone,  and  is  used  for  grind- 
stones. This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Pittsburg  k 
Western  Railroad,  which  communicates  with  Chardon,  the 
capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  14,190;  in  1880, 
14,251  ;  in  1890.  13,489. 

Geauga  Lake,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Geauga  co., 
0.,  on  the  Mahoning  division  of  the  Atlantic  k  Great 
Western  Railroad,  19  miles  S.E.  of  Cleveland. 

Geb  (i.e.,  "mountain")  is  an  Arabic  prefix  of  the  names 
of  numerous  heights  in  Asia  and  Africa.     See  Jkbel. 

Gcba,  a  river  of  Africa.     See  Jeba. 

Gcba,  a  village  of  Sencgambia,  on  a  river  of  the  same 
name.  Lat.  12°  15' N.;  Ion.  14°  35' W.  Pop.  750.  The 
Portuguese  have  a  settlement  hero. 

Gebail,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey.    See  Jebail. 

Geb-el-Dokhan,  jfib-el-do'kln'  (anc.  I'oiyhi/ri'tei 
Afoun),  in  the  E.  desert  of  Egypt,  lat.  27°  18'  N.,  Ion.  30° 
IS'  E.,  with  extensive  ruins  and  vast  porphyry-quarries. 

Gcbenna  Mons,  the  ancient  name  of  Cjcven-nes. 

Gebesee,  gi'b?h-zi',  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  11 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Erfurt,  on  the  Qera.     Pop.  2279. 

Geb'hard,  a  station  in  Cass  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  railroad 
from  I.ogansport  to  Chicago,  4  miles  N.AV.  of  Logansport. 

Gcbhardsdorf,  gh6b'harts-donf\  a  village  of  Prus- 
sian Silesia,  34  miles  W.S.W.  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  2720. 

Geb'hart's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co..  Pa.,  2i 
miles  N.W.  of  Mineral  Point.    It  has  2  churches. 

Gebseh,  ghfib's?h,  Geiboozeh,  or  Geibuzeh,  gi'- 
boo-z^h,  sometimes  written  Kivyza  (anc.  Libi/nnn  f),  a 
town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  on  the  Gulf  of  Ismeed,  26  miles 
S.E.  of  Constantinople. 

GebAVeiler,  gheb'^I-l^r  (Fr.  Guehwiller,  ghebVcer- 
lain'),  a  town  of  Alsace,  at  the  foot  of  the  Ballon  de  Gueb- 
willer,  on  a  railway,  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Colmar.  It  has 
extensive  manufactures.     Pop.  11,350. 

Geby,  jSb'ee?  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
Gilolo  Passage,  on  the  equator.  Ion.  129°  30'  E.  Length, 
about  26  miles;  average  breadth,  3  miles. 

Ged'des,  a  hamlet  of  Ann  Arbor  township,  Washtenaw 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of 
Ann  Arbor,     It  has  12  dwellings  and  a  paper-mill. 

Geddes,  formerly  a  post-village  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.^ 
but  now  forming  wards  0  and  10  of  the  city  of  Syracuse. 

Geddes,  a  township  of  Onondaga  co..  N.Y.,  adjoining 
Syracuse  on  the  W.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Delaware,  Lacka- 
wanna k  Western  Railroad,  and  contains  the  post-village 
of  Solvay,  a  church,  and  a  steel-foundry,  and  is  the  seat 
of  the  Solvay  Process  Company.     Pop.  in  1890,  1571. 

Gedeh,  gi'd^h,  a  mountain  of  Java,  province  of  Pre- 
anger,  about  46  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Batavia.  It  is  one  of  the 
loftiest  mountains  in  the  island,  its  highest  peak,  named 
Pangerango,  being  9868  feet  high.  The  peak  called  Gedeh 
is  only  about  10  or  12  feet  lower,  and  sends  forth  at  times 
thick  volumes  of  smoke,  and  also  flames  and  ashes,  but 
neither  lava  nor  stones,  so  far  as  yet  known.  It  is  covered 
to  its  very  top  with  a  thick  rank  vegetation. 

Gedern,  gi'd^m,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Hesse,  9 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Nidda.     Pop.  1789. 

Gedrosia,  the  ancient  name  of  BELOOcniSTAX. 

Gednma,  gi-doo'mi,  a  state  of  West  Africa,  on  the  N. 
frontier  of  Senegambia,  having  N.  the  Sahara,  and  S.  the 
Senegal,  which  separates  it  from  Galam  and  Bondoo. 

Geduz,  a  river  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Sarabat. 

Geel,  a  town  of  Belgium.    See  Gheel. 

Geclong,  ghee'long',  a  town  in  the  S.E.  of  Australia, 
colony  of  Victoria,  co.  of  Grant,  near  the  head  of  Geclong 
harbor,  an  arm  of  Corio  Bay,  not  far  from  the  Barwon,  40 
miles  S.W.  of  Melbourne.  Lat.  38°  8'  S. ;  Ion.  144°  25'  E. 
Numerous  warehouses  have  been  erected  here,  and  the 
neighborhood  is  adorned  with  cottages  and  gardens.  The 
surrounding  country  is  exceedingly  beautiful,  the  soil  fer- 
tile, and  the  climate  healthy.  The  harbor,  naturally  good, 
has  been  much  improved  by  dredging  and  by  the  construction 
of  jetties.  Railways  extend  to  Melbourne  and  Ballarat. 
Geelong  has  several  orphanages,  a  grammar-school,  an  in- 


11 


GEE 


1251 


GEM 


dustrial  school,  a  refuge  for  women,  a  general  hospital,  good 
public  buildings,  and  some  export  trade.  The  town  is 
lighted  with  gas,  and  has  a  good  water-supply.  Pop. 
15,026. 

(•celvink,  ghAl'vink\  a  bay  on  the  N.W.  coast  of 
Papua,  between  Great  Bay  and  Dampier  Strait.  Lat.  1° 
64' S.;  Ion.  137°  5'  E. 

Gcclvink  Channel.    See  Gelvink  Channel. 

(iccr,  a  river  of  Belgium.    See  Jaar. 

Gccradsbergcn,  the  Flemish  name  of  Grammont. 

(>ccrtruidcnberg,  niR-troi'd§n-bdRG\  orGertruy- 
(leiibcrg,  ii5K-troi'd§n-bi5uG\  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  North  Brabant,  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Breda.     Pop.  1900. 

Geervlite,  iidR'flee't^h,  or  Gccrvliet,  iraR'fleet,  a 
town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  South  Holland,  5  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Bricl,  on  the  isle  of  Button.     Pop.  1 128. 

Gccstcmiinde,  gis't^h-miinM?,  a  town  and  railway 
station  of  Prussia,  in  llanovcr,  on  the  estuary  of  the  Weser, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Geeste,  a  small  stream  which  divides  it 
from  Brcmerhaven,  of  which  it  is  a  southern  suburb.  It  is 
a  free  port,  and  does  not  belong  to  the  ZoUverein.  Pop.  of 
Gocstemiinde  Hafen,  3436;  of  the  adjacent  Geestendorf, 
6989;  total  pop.  10,425. 

Gce'tingsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.,  2i 
miles  from  Sedalia  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Gcczeh,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Gheezeh. 

Gcfcll,  gi-feir,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Saxony,  in  a  de- 
tached district,  55  wiles  S.E.  of  Erfurt.     Pop.  1789. 

Gefl'  Station,  Wayne  co.,  111.    See  Jeffersonville. 

Gefle,  y&v'lk,  a  fortified  se.aport  town  of  Sweden,  capital 
of  a  laen  of  its  own  name,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Geilo  River, 
at  the  terminus  of  a  railway  on  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia,  100 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Stockholm.  Pop.  20,753.  The  river  here 
separates  into  3  arms,  enclosing  2  islands,  on  which,  and  on 
both  banks,  the  town  is  situated.  It  is  irregularly  built, 
but  has  wide  streets  and  an  excellent  harbor.  Principal 
edifices,  an  old  castle,  now  the  government-house,  the 
council-house,  high  school,  lazaretto,  and  hospitals.  It  has 
ship-yards,  sugar-refineries,  and  tanneries,  and  exports  iron 
and  agricultural  products. 

Gefle,  yfiv'li,  orGefleborg,  y8v'l4-boRG\  a  maritime 
laen  or  province  of  Sweden,  mostly  between  lat.  60°  and  62° 
20'  N.  and  Ion.  15°  and  17°  30'  E.,  having  E.  the  Gulf  of 
Bothnia.  Area,  7561  square  miles.  Capital,  Gefle.  Pop. 
in  1876,  165,772;  in  1890,  206,924. 

Gcfrees,  ghfif-rice',  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Upper  Fran- 
oonia,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Baireuth.     Pop.  1520. 

Geho,  or  Gehol,  China.    See  Cihng-Te. 

Gehren,  gi'r^n,  or  Amt-Gehrcn,  imt-gi'r?n,  a  vil- 
lage in  Schwarzburg-Sondershausen,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Gotha. 

Geib,  ghibe  (Ilun.  Ilibbe,  hib'bi\  or  Hyby,  hih'hee'),  a 
town  of  Hungary,  on  the  Waag,  106  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pesth. 

Geibuzeh,  or  Gciboozeh,  Turkey.    See  Gebseh. 

Geiersberg,  ghi'§rs-b5RG\  Supihora,  soo-pc-ho'ri, 
or  Kyssperk,  kiss'pSuk,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  32  miles  S. 
of  Koniggriitz,  on  the  Stille  Adler.     Pop.  1605. 

Geiger's  (ghi'j§rz)  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Berks  co., 
Pa.,  is  at  Geigertown  Station  on  the  Wilmington  &  Read- 
ing Railroad,  14i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Reading. 

Geigersville,  ghi'j^rz-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yell  co., 
Ark.,  30  miles  from  llussellville.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  saw-mill. 

Geigersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carter  co.,  Ky.,  at  Rush 
Station  on  the  Lexington  &  Big  Sandy  Railroad,  14  miles 
S.AV.  of  Ashland.     It  has  a  church  and  a  coal-mine. 

Geilenkirchen,  ghi'l^n-keeRK'^n,  a  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  13  miles  N.  of  Aix-la-Chapelle,  on  the  AVorm. 
Pop.,  including  Hiinshofen,  3880. 

Geilnau,  ghil'now,  a  watering-place  of  Germany,  in 
Hesse-Nassau,  on  the  Lahn,  9  miles  E.  of  Coblentz. 

Geisa,  ghi'zi,  a  town  of  Saxe- Weimar,  24  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Eisenach,  on  the  Ulster.     Pop.  1576. 

Geisclhoring,  ghi'z^l-ho'ring,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on 
the  Little  Labor,  at  a  railway  junction,  19  miles  S.E.  of 
Ratisbon.     Pop.  1820. 

Gcisenfeld,  ghi'z^n-fSlt^  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
Ihn,  26  miles  E.N.E.  of  Landshut.     Pop.  1773. 

Gciscuheim,  ghi'z§n-himo\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
IIcsse-Nassau,  on  the  Rhine,  14  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Mentz. 
Pop.  2791. 

Gcish,  gish,  a  lofty  mountain  of  Abyssinia,  in  Amhara, 
at  the  sources  of  the  Blue  Nile,  lat.  11°  N.,  Ion.  36°  55'  E. 
Height,  9700  feet  above  sea-level.  It  is  connected  by  a 
lower  ridge  with  Mount  Lichema,  which  is  still  higher. 

Geislingcn,  ghis'ling-^n,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  17 
miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Ulm.     Pop.  3671. 

Geispolzheim,   ghis'polts-hime',   or  Geispitzen, 


ghl8-pit's§n,  a  village  of  Alsace,  7  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of 
Strasburg.     Pop.  2217. 

GcistOAvn,  ghis'tSwn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cambria  co. 
Pa.,  in  Richland  township,  3  miles  from  Johnstown.  It  hai 
a  church,  a  grist-mill,  &o. 

Geithain,  ghtt'hine,  or  Geiten,  ghi't?n,  a  town  of 
Saxony,  24  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Leipsic.     Pop.  3784. 

Gelatt,  je'latt',  a  post-office  of  Susquehanna  co..  Pa. 

Gelderland,  or  Guelderland,  gh6rd?r-land  (Fr, 
Gueldre,  ghild'r;  Dutch,  Gelderland,  H4l'd?r-lint*),  a  prov- 
ince of  the  Netherlands,  having  N.AV.  the  Zuyder  Zee,  S.E. 
the  Prussian  dominions,  and  on  other  sides  the  provinces  of 
Overyssel,Utrecht,  South  Holland,  and  North  Brabant.  Area, 
1972  square  miles.  The  surface  is  more  hilly  than  in  most 
of  the  Dutch  provinces.  The  principal  rivers  are  the  Waal 
and  Old  Rhine,  the  Yssel,  forming  its  N.E.  boundary,  and 
the  Mouse,  its  S.  boundary.  Along  their  banks  a  good  deal 
of  fruit  is  raised  for  export,  with  corn,  hops,  and  tobacco ; 
elsewhere  the  land  is  generally  poor.  Principal  crops, 
wheat,  rye,  potatoes,  buckwheat,  and  tobacco.  Many  cattle 
are  reared.  It  has  manufactures  of  linen  fabrics,  paper, 
and  leather,  wiHi  tile-making;  brewing  and  distilling  ar« 
extensively  carried  on.  The  province  is  divided  into  i 
districts;  chief  towns,  Arnhom,  the  capital,  Nymwegea, 
Thiol,  and  Zutphcn.     Pop.  in  I8S5,  496,538. 

Geldermalsc-m,  ghSl'd^r-miPs^m,  a  village  of  th« 
Netherlands,  in  Gelderland,  6  miles  W.  of  Thiel.    Pop.  3287. 

Gcldern,  ghSl'd^m  (Fr.  Gueldre»,  ghild'r),  a  town  of 
Rhenish  Prussia,  at  a  railway  junction,  17  miles  S.AV.  of 
Wesel,  on  the  Niers.     Pop.  6194. 

Geldersheim,  ghfil'd§rs-hime\  a  village  of  Barariay 
in  Lower  Franconia,  near  Schweinfurt.     Pop.  1045. 

Geldrop,  ghSl'drop,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
North  Brabant,  23  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bois-le-Duc.    Pop.  2206. 

Geleen,  gd,-lain',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Lim- 
burg,  11  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Maestricht.     Pop.  2258. 

Gelenau,  ghSl'^n-Sw^  or  Gelnau,  ghdl'now,  a  village 
of  Saxony,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Thum.     Pop.  6048. 

Gel'lah,  a  town  of  Africa,  20  miles  N.  of  Tunis,  said  to 
be  the  ancient  Castra  Corneliana. 

Gellivare,  ySl'lo-vi'ri,  a  village  of  Sweden,  la;n  of 
Norrbotten,  in  Lulc;),  Lappmark,  100  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Pitefl,.     It  has  extensive  iron-works. 

Gelnhausen,  ghfiln'how'z^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Hesse-Nassau,  at  a  railway  junction,  14  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Hanau,  on  the  Kinzig.     Pop.  3684. 

Gelsenkirchen,  ghel's?n-keerK*§n,  a  town  of  Prus- 
sia, in  Westphalia,  on  a  railway,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Bochunu 
It  is  a  place  of  recent  growth.     Pop.  11,295. 

Gelverdeh,  gh5l-vfir'd§h,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor,  60 
miles  S.W.  of  Kaisareeych. 

Gelves,  hSI'vJs,  a  town  of  Spain,  3  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Seville,  near  the  Guadalquivir.     Pop.  917. 

Gelvink,  ghdl'vink  (written  also  Geclvink),  Chan> 
nel,  S.W.  of  Australia,  between  the  Abrolhos  and  the 
mainland.     It  is  30  miles  in  width  and  60  miles  in  length. 

Gem,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Pitts- 
burg, Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis  Railroad. 

Gem,  a  post-office  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  about  11  milei 
N.N.W.  of  El  Kader. 

Gemappe,  a  village  of  Belgium.    See  Jemmapes. 

Gcmarke,  g?h-maR'k§h,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
now  a  part  of  Barmen. 

Gcmbloux,  zhftM^bloo',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
and  10  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Namur.  A  state  agricultural 
establishment  is  located  here.     Pop.  2700. 

Gcmcnos,  zhA^md^nos',  a  village  of  France,  in  Bouches* 
du-Rh5nc,  15  miles  E.  of  Marseilles.     Pop.  1762. 

Gcmert,  B^'mdRt  (Fr.  pron.  zhi^maiR'),  a  village  of 
the  Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Bois- 
le-Duc.     Pop.  4852. 

Gemini,  or  San  Gemini,  sin  j^m'^-ne  (ano.  Cat,uen'- 
tium),  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Perugia,  13  miles  S.W 
of  Spoleto.     Pop.  1879.     It  has  many  ancient  edifices. 

Gcmishkhana,  Turkey.    See  Goomish-Khaneh. 

Gemmi,  ghdm'mee,  a  remarkable  mountain-pass  across 
the  Alps,  in  Switzerland,  between  the  cantons  of  Bern  and 
Valais,  24  miles  S.  of  Thun,  7595  feet  above  sea-level. 

Gcmona,  jil-mo'n^,  a  town  of  Italy,  15  miles  N.N.W 
of  Udino,  near  the  Tagliamento.     Pop.  7665. 

G6mozac,  zhi'mo'zlk',  a  village  of  France,  in  Cha- 
rente-Inferieure,  13  miles  S.  of  Saintes.     Pop.  801. 

Gemiind,  gheh-miint',  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Rhenish 
Prussia,  23  miles  S.E.  of  Aix-la-Chapelle,  on  an  affluent  of 
the  Ruhr.    Pop.  1600. 

Gemund,  of  Austria  and  Bavaria.    See  Gmund. 

Gemiindeu,  g'miln'dQn,  a  town  of  Germany,  Bavana^ 


QSM 


r&i 


OEN 


ta  the  Main,  where  it  i*  Joined  by  the  Saale,  21  milei 
K.N.W.  of  WUrtburg.     Poi..  1838, 

<««niaBdent  a  town  of  Pruuia,  in  UeMe-Nassau,  16 
nllea  N.K.  of  Marbui^.     Pop.  M3. 

tiPniUndciif  a  village  of  Ilhenish  Prnuia,  80  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Coblcnti.     Pop.  1000. 

(icnnbum,  the  ancient  name  of  Orleans. 

(«ciialKuncii>  H/L-n&l-gw&-thool',  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Andalusiii,  55  miles  W.S.W.  of  Malaga.     Pop.  1530. 

(■ennppe,  th^h-n&pp',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Sonth 
Brabant,  on  the  Dylo,  and  on  the  Mons-Wavre  llailway,  17 
ttilee  S.E.  of  liruMeU.     Pop.  1600. 

tieuargentu,  ji-nan-jen-too',  the  loftiest  monntain- 
rango  of  Sardinia,  near  the  centre  of  the  island.  Its  prin- 
oipal  summit  rises  to  6276  foot  above  the  sea. 

Genaro,  Jd-n&'ro,  or  Alonto  Gennaro,  mon'ti  j£n- 
n&'ro,  a  mountain  of  Italy,  21  miles  N.E.  of  Home,  4186 
feet  in  height. 

Gennva^  an  ancient  name  of  Oexeva. 

Genazxano,  j&-n&t-8i,'no,  or  Genazeno,  j&-n&d- 
eA'uo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Campagna  di  Roma,  24  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Home.  It  contains  the  rich  chapel  of  Madonna 
di  Buon  Consiglio,  one  of  the  most  famous  shrines  in  this 
vicinity.     Pop.  3565. 

Gend)  a  town  of  Belgium.    See  Ghent. 
•<  Gendringen,  ghSn'dring-?n,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  Gelderland,  on  the  Alt-Yssel,  22  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Arnhem.     Pop.  1000. 

Genegan'set,  Gencgants'let,  or  Gcnegan'- 
SCtte)  a  small  river  of  Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  runs  south- 
ward, and  enters  the  Chenango  River  about  6  miles  above 
Chenango  Forlts. 

Gencgnntslet,  a  hamlet  of  Chenango  oo.,  N.T.,  2 
miles  from  Greene. 

Genemuiden,  Hi'n^h-moi'd^n.  a  village  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, in  Overyssel,  8  miles  N.  of  Zwolle.     Pop.  2315. 

Gen6rac,  zhi^ni'rik',  a  village  of  France,  in  Gard,  7 
miles  S.  of  Nlmes.     Pop.  2093. 

Gen'eral's  Island,  one  of  the  sea-island  group  or 
chain,  belonging  to  Mcintosh  co.,  Ga.     Pop.  49. 

General  Wayne,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa., 
at  Elm  Station  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  6  miles  W. 
of  Philadelphia.     It  is  adjacent  to  Belmont  Driving-Park. 

Generos'tee  Creek,  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C.,  flows 
S.W.  into  the  Savannah  River. 

Gdnes,  the  French  name  of  Genoa. 

Genesee,  jJn*e-seo',  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part 
of  Michigan,  has  an  area  of  618  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  Flint  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Shiawassee 
River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively  covered 
with  forests  of  pine,  oak,  sugar-maple,  and  other  trees. 
The  soil  is  mostly  a  fertile  sandy  loam.  Wheat,  hay,  In- 
dian corn,  oats,  wool,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products. 
Lumber  is  the  chief  article  of  export.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  the  Flint  &  Pere  Marquette  Railroad  and 
the  Cincinnati,  Saginaw  A  Mackinaw  Railroad.  The 
Chicago  A  Grand  Trunk  Railroad  connects  Port  Huron 
with  Flint,  which  is  the  capital  of  this  county.  A  branch 
of  the  Flint  A  Pere  Marquette  Railroad  extends  to  Fostoria. 
Pop.  in  1870,  3:5,900;  in  1880,  39,220;  in  1890,  39,430. 

Genesee,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  New  York.  Area, 
*00  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Tonawanda,  Oak  Or- 
chard, and  other  creeks.  The  surface  is  iindulating  or 
nearly  level.  The  soil  is  very  fertile  and  well  cultivated. 
Wheat,  oats,  hay,  Indian  corn,  barley,  wool,  and  butter  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  has  quarries  of  gypsum, 
hydraulic  limestone,  and  corniferous  limestone  of  the 
Devonian  age.  It  is  intersected  by  the  New  York  Central 
A  Hudson  River  Railroad,  the  Attica  Branch  of  the  Erie 
Railroad,  the  West  Shore  Railroad,  and  the  Tonawanda 
Valley  A  Cuba  Railroad.  Capital,  Batavia.  Pop.  in  1870, 
31,606;  in  1880,  32,806;  in  1890,  33,265. 

Genesee,  a  post-village  of  Latah  co.,  Idaho,  29  miles 
by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Pullman,  Washington.  It  has  5  churches, 
a  bunk,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  brick-factory.     Pop.  282. 

Genesee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Genesee  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Flint  A  Pere  Marquette  Railroad  (Flint  River  division),  4 
miles  N.  of  Flint.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Genesee  Village. 

Genesee,  or  Gennesee,  a  township  of  Kandiyohi 
CO.,  Minn.     Pop.  652.     It  contains  Atwater. 

Genesee,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  958. 
ft  contains  Ceres. 

Genesee,  a  station  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  at  Wellsville. 

Genesee,  a  township  of  Potter  co..  Pa.     Pop.  767. 

Genesee,  a  post-village  of  Waukesha  co.,  Wis.,  in 


Genesee  township,  abont  7  miles  S.W.  of  Waukesha,  and  1 
or  2  miles  S.  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Rail- 
road. It  has  a  church,  a  cheese-factory,  a  woollen-mill, 
nnd  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  400;  of  tlie  townshiii,  1370. 

Genesee  Depot,  a  post-haralot  of  Waukesha  co., 
Wis.,  in  (ilcncseo  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A 
St.  Paul  Railroatl,  28  miles  W.S.W.  of  Milwaukee.  It  has 
a  chureh,  2  stores,  and  about  15  houses. 

Genesee  Falls,  a  township  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y, 
about  48  miles  E.S.E.  of  Buffalo,  is  bounded  on  the  E 
by  the  Genesee  River.  It  contains  Portngeville,  or  Genesee 
Falls,  and  is  remarkable  for  beautiful  scenery.     Pop.  909. 

Genesee  Falls,  or  Port'agcville,  a  post-village  of 
Wyoming  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Genesee  River,  and  on  the  Erie 
Railroad,  13  miles  by  railroad  S.S.E.  of  Warsaw,  and  61 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  3  churches.  Near  this 
place  the  railroad  crosses  the  Genesee  by  an  iron  bridge, 
820  feet  long,  and  236  feet  above  the  water.  Here  is  a 
beautiful  cataract,  about  100  feet  high,  below  which  the 
river  runs  in  a  gorge  380  feet  deep.  Within  the  distance 
of  IJ  miles  are  3  falls,  one  of  68  feet,  one  of  110  feet,  and 
one  of  90  feet.  The  name  of  the  post-office  is  Portageville. 
Pop.  491. 

Genesee  Fork,  a  post-hamlet  of  Potter  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Genesee  River,  10  miles  S.  of  AVellsville,  N.Y,  It  has  a 
cheese-factory  and  a  saw-mill. 

Genesee  River  rises  in  Potter  co.,  Pa.,  from  which 
it  passes  into  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.  It  flows  generally 
northward,  forming  the  southeast  boundary  of  AVyoming 
CO.,  then  intersects  Livingston  and  Monroe  cos.,  and  enters 
Lake  Ontario  7  miles  N.  of  Rochester.  It  is  nearly  200 
miles  long.  Near  the  middle  of  its  course  it  runs  for  20 
miles  in  a  deep  and  narrow  gorge,  between  perpendicular 
cliffs  of  sandstone  which  at  some  places  are  350  feet  high. 
In  this  gorge  it  descends  more  than  500  feet,  and  forms  3 
cascades,  one  of  which,  near  Portageville,  is  110  feet  high. 
This  cascade  is  called  Portage  Falls.  At  Mount  Morris, 
in  Livingston  co.,  the  river  emerges  from  this  chasm  into 
the  broad  and  fertile  Genesee  Valley.  At  Rochester  the 
river  has  a  vertical  fall  of  about  95  feet  and  affords  un- 
limited water-power.  Between  this  place  and  the  mouth 
of  the  river  occurs  another  cascade,  nearly  as  high.  The 
Genesee  Valley  Canal  follows  the  course  of  this  river,  and 
extends  from  Rochester  to  Clean,  a  distance  of  about  90 
miles. 

Genesee  Village,  Michigan.     Sec  Genesee. 

Genese'o,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co..  III.,  in  Goneseo 
township,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 23  miles  E.  of  Rock  Island,  75  miles  W.  of  Ottawa, 
and  1  or  2  miles  S.  of  Green  River.  It  has  a  high  school, 
2  banks,  11  churches,  3  large  grain-warehouses,  2  news- 
pnper  offices,  a  stove-foundry,  and  manufactures  of  fur- 
niture, farming-implements,  stoves,  wagons,  Ac.  Coal  is 
mined  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  3182;  of  the  township,  4069. 

Geneseo,  a  township  of  Cerro  Gordo  co.,  Iowa,  trav- 
ersed by  the  Iowa  Central  Railroad.     Pop.  397. 

Geneseo,  a  village  of  Rice  co.,  Kansas,  11  miles  by 
rail  N.  by  E.  of  Lyons.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  399. 

Geneseo,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Livingston  co., 
N.Y.,  is  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Genesee  River,  in  Geneseo 
township,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  28  miles  S.  of  Roches- 
ter, and  21  miles  N.N.W.  of  Dansville.  It  contains  5 
churches,  a  public  library  of  11,700  volumes,  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  state  normal  and  training  school,  a  union  school, 
a  glove-  and  mitten-factory,  a  canning-factory,  a  national 
bank,  and  a  machine-shop.     Pop.  in  1890,  2286. 

Genest,  or  Le  Genest,  l?h  zh?h-n4',  a  villngp  of 
France,  in  Mayenne,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Laval.     Pop,  1018. 

Genestelle,  zh^h'nfis'tdH',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ar- 
dSche,  9  miles  W.  of  Privas.     Pop.  1411. 

Geneva,  jen-eo'va  (Fr.  Genlve,  zh^h-naiv'  or  ih^h- 
nSv' ;  Ger.  Genf,  ghfinf;  It.  tfniecra,  je-nA'vrl;  Sp.  Gi- 
nehra,  Re-ni'sri;  anc.  Gene'va  or  Gena'va),  the  largest 
city  of  Switzerland,  capital  of  a  canton  of  its  own  name,  in 
the  centre  of  a  basin  the  sides  of  which  are  formed  partly 
by  the  lower  slopes  of  the  Jura  and  partly  by  secondary 
chains  of  the  Alps,  at  the  W.  extremity  of  the  Lake  of 
Geneva,  where  it  narrows  almost  to  a  point  and  pours  out 
the  Rhone,  here  crossed  by  several  bridges,  and  dividing 
the  town  into  two  portions,  the  larger  of  which  is  on 
the  left  or  S.  bank.  The  environs  are  covered  with  hand- 
some villas,  and  the  city  itself,  when  approached  either  by 
land  or  by  water,  has  a  very  imposing  appearance.  It  is 
connected  by  railway  with  Lyons  and  with  Lausanne.  It 
is  surrounded  by  walls  flanked  with  bastions,  and  is  entered 
on  the  land  side  by  three  gates.    Geneva  is  divided  into 


GEN 


1253 


GEN 


two  parts,  upper  and  lower.  The  upper  town,  occupied 
chiefly  by  the  Durgher  aristocracy,  contains  a  considerable 
number  of  well-built  houses  and  handsome  hotels ;  the 
lower  town,  the  seat  of  trade  and  the  residence  of  the 
poorer  classes,  is  very  indifferently  built,  consisting  chiefly 
of  houses  remarkable  only  for  their  disproportioned  height, 
and  lining  narrow,  irregular,  dark,  and  ill-cleaned  streets. 
The  chief  exception  is  along  the  banks  of  the  Rhone,  where 
a  quay  about  400  yards  long  is  bordered  by  a  row  of  hand- 
some modern  houses.  The  more  important  public  build- 
ings and  institutions  are  the  cathedral,  or  church  of  St. 
Pierre,  a  Gothic  structure  of  the  tenth,  eleventh,  and  twelfth 
centuries,  occupying  the  highest  site  in  the  town,  and  by  its 
three  towers  forming  the  most  conspicuous  object  within  it; 
the  town  house,  in  the  Florentine  style ;  the  Mus6e  Rath, 
a  neat  building,  named  after  its  founder;  the  arsenal,  with 
a  collection  of  ancient  armor;  the  old  prison,  originally  the 
bishop's  palace ;  the  casino,  penitentiary,  and  house  of 
correction.  Among  the  principal  educational  institutions 
may  bo  mentioned  the  college  which  was  founded  by  Cal- 
vin; the  academy,  composed  of  the  four  faculties  of  theol- 
ogy, law,  science,  and  literature,  with  a  public  library,  a 
fine  museum  of  natural  history,  and  a  botanic  garden ;  the 
primary  schools,  a  number  of  other  schools  supported  by 
the  state  or  special  endowments,  and  a  great  many  private 
boarding-schools,  some  of  which  are  of  considerable  celeb- 
rity. Besides  these,  there  is  the  Evangelical  School,  a 
theological  seminary,  and  the  Athenec,  an  art  institution. 

The  only  important  manufacture  of  Geneva  is  that  of 
watches,  musical  boxes,  and  jewelry.  The  trade  is  very 
much  restricted  by  the  narrow  limits  of  the  Gcnevese  terri- 
tory. There  is  also  a  want  of  a  proper  navigable  outlet, 
the  navigation  of  tho  Rhone  below  Geneva  being  much  ob- 
structed. Its  chief  trade,  in  addition  to  that  furnished  by 
its  staple  manufacture,  consists  in  supplying  the  surround- 
ing districts  with  merchandise. 

The  origin  of  Geneva  is  unknown,  but  its  antiquity  is 
proved  by  tho  reference  which  Caasar  makes  to  it.  It  was 
successively  occupied  by  the  Burgundians,  who  made  it  their 
capital,  tho  Ostrogoths,  and  the  Franks.  It  next  formed 
part  of  tho  second  kingdom  of  Burgundy,  and  became  in- 
corporated with  the  Germanic  Empire.  I5y  a  grant  of  the 
emperors,  tho  temporal  was  added  to  tho  spiritual  power  of 
the  bishops,  and  the  Counts  of  Savoy,  having  succeeded  in 
controlling  the  nomination  of  the  bishops,  became  in  a  man- 
ner masters  of  Geneva.  This  state  of  affairs  was  suddenly 
interrupted  by  tho  Reformation,  to  which  the  Genevese  are 
indebted  both  for  their  civil  and  their  religious  freedom.  The 
celebrity  which  they  afterwards  acquired,  chiefly  under  the 
guidance  of  Calvin  and  his  associates,  is  matter  of  history. 
The  city  was  taken  by  the  French  in  1798,  and  formed,  till 
1813,  tho  capital  of  the  department  of  Leman.  In  1814, 
along  with  a  small  territory,  it  joined  the  Helvetic  Confed- 
eration.    Pop.  in  1880,  68,320;  in  1888,  71,807. Adj. 

and  inhab.  Genevese,  jfln^e-veez'. 

Geneva,  a  small  canton  of  the  Swiss  Confederation, 
bounded  W.  and  N.W.  by  France,  N.  by  the  canton  of 
Vaud  and  the  Lake  of  Geneva,  and  E.  and  S.  by  France, 
and  including  also  the  communes  of  Celigny,  Lo  Coudre, 
and  Petit  Bois,  enclosed  by  Vaud.  Area,  91  English  square 
miles.  The  surface  is  broken  by  several  hills,  none  of  which 
are  more  than  400  feet  above  the  lake.  The  whole  canton 
belongs  to  the  basin  of  tho  Rhone,  and  the  only  streams  of 
importance  are  that  river  and  the  Arve,  which  joins  it  a 
little  below  the  town  of  Geneva.  Tho  soil  has  been  so 
much  improved  by  skilful  and  persevering  culture  that  tho 
whole  territory  wears  tho  appearance  of  a  large  and  beau- 
tiful garden.  Even  the  natural  flora  is  remarkably  rich, 
and  makes  the  surrounding  country  a  favorite  resort  of  the 
botanist.  Part  of  the  surface  is  under  tho  culture  of  the 
vino ;  but  the  wine  is  not  remarkable  for  either  quantity 
or  quality.  The  manufactures  are  extensively  carried  on, 
and  consist  chiefly  of  clocks  and  watches,  gold,  silver,  and 
other  metal  wares,  woollen  cloths,  silk  goods  of  various  de- 
scriptions, hats,  and  leather.  The  territory  of  Geneva, 
having,  by  the  arrangement  of  the  Congress  of  Vienna,  ob- 
tained an  accession  of  15  communes  detached  from  France 
and  Savoy,  was  admitted  a  member  of  tho  Swiss  Confed- 
eration in  1814.  The  legislative  power  is  exercised  by  a 
great  council,  composed  of  deputies  elected  by  all  male 
citizens  of  21  years  of  age  and  not  under  legal  incapacity. 
All  religious  denominations  are  declared  to  have  perfect 
freedom,  and  in  1870  the  number  of  Catholics  and  of  Prot- 
estants was  about  equal.  Capital,  Geneva.  Pop.  in  1876, 
99,352;  in  1880,  99,712;  in  1888,  105,509. 

Gene'va,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Alabama,  bor- 
dering on  Florida,  has  an  area  of  about  600  square  miles. 


It  is  intersected  by  the  Choctawhatchee  and  Pea  Rivers, 
The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  pine.  The  soil  is  sandy.  Indian  corn,  cotton, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Geneva.  Pop. 
in  1870,  2959;  in  1880,  4342;  in  1890,  10,690. 

Geneva,  a  post-villnge,  capital  of  Geneva  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Choctawhatchee,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Pea  River,  about 
85  miles  S.S.W.  of  Eufaula.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a 
high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  lumber-mill,  and  general 
business  houses.     Pop.  637. 

Geneva,  a  post-village  of  Talbot  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  South- 
wcBlern  Railroad,  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  300. 

Geneva,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Kane  co.,  111.,  in 
Geneva  township,  on  Fox  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  & 
Northwestern  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Fox  River 
Valley  Railroad  and  of  a  branch  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington 
&  Quincy  Railroad,  35  miles  W.  of  Chicago,  and  8  miles  N. 
of  Aurora.  It  is  the  seat  of  important  manufactures,  and 
contains  a  court-house,  6  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
high  school,  a  cooperage,  a  glucose-factory,  and  a  foundry. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1692;  of  the  township,  2030. 

Geneva,  a  post- village  of  Adams  co.,  Tnd.,  38  miles  by 
rail  S.S.E.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  has  2  churches,  2  banks,  a 
newspaper  office,  public  schools,  a  heading-factory,  and  a 
handle-factory.     Pop.  748. 

Geneva,  a  hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.,  in  Noble  town- 
ship, on  Flat  Rock  Creek,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Columbus.  It 
has  a  church.     Here  is  Sulphur  Hill  Post-Office. 

Geneva,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Iowa,  in  Geneva 
township,  on  tho  Central  Railroad  of  Iowa,  36  miles  S. 
of  Mason  City,  and  9  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Ackley.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  of  the  township,  669. 

Geneva,  a  post-village  of  Allen  co.,  Kansas,  in  Geneva, 
township,  16  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Humboldt,  and  3  miles  E. 
of  Neosho  Falls.   It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  of  township,  593. 

Geneva,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  in  RoUin 
township,  about  16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Adrian. 

Geneva,  a  township  of  Midland  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  131. 

Geneva,  a  township  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich.,  on  Saginaw 
Bay.     Pop.  207. 

Geneva,  a  township  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
1002.     Geneva  Station  is  at  Irvington. 

Geneva,  a  post-hamlet  of  Freeborn  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Geneva  township,  on  a  small  lake  of  the  same  name,  about 
35  miles  S.  of  Faribault,  and  20  miles  N.W.  of  Austin. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  463. 

Geneva,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Fillmore  co..  Neb., 
8  miles  S.  of  Fairmont  Railroad  Station,  and  60  miles 
W.8.W.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  6  churches,  3  banks,  3  news- 
paper offices,  a  high  school,  and  a  butter-  and  oheese-fiictory. , 

Geneva,  a  beautiful  town  in  Geneva  township,  Ontario 
CO.,  N.Y.,  at  tho  N.  end  of  Seneca  Lake,  about  16  miles 
(direct)  E.  of  Canandaigua.  By  railroad  it  is  26  miles  W. 
of  Auburn,  and  50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Rochester.  It  is  on  the 
Auburn  Branch  of  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  the 
direct  line  of  the  Lehigh  Valley  system,  and  of  the  Fall 
Brook  system.  It  is  finely  situated  on  high  ground  on  the 
W.  shore  of  the  lake,  and  contains  many  handsome  resi- 
dences. Geneva  contains  10  or  11  churches,  the  Geneva 
Classical  and  Union  School  for  boys,  2  notional  banks,  and 
a  water-cure,  and  is  the  seat  of  Hobart  College  (Protestant 
Episcopal),  which  was  organized  in  1824  and  has  a  library 
of  13,000  volumes.  Five  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.  Steamboats  ply  daily  in  all  seasons  of  the  year  be- 
tween this  place  and  Watkins,  which  is  about  36  miles  dis- 
tant. Here  are  8  large  nurseries  of  fruit-trees.  Geneva 
has  also  optical-works,  bending-works,  and  manufactures 
of  engines,  boilers,  and  steam  heating-apparatus.  Pop.  in 
1890,  7557 ;  of  the  township,  8877. 

Geneva,  a  post-village  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Lake  Shore  Railroad,  45  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cleveland,  3  miles 
from  Lake  Erie,  and  10  miles  S.W.  of  Ashtabula.  It  has 
6  churches,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  a  graded  school, 
a  normal  school,  3  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of 
hardware,  tools,  <fec.     Pop.  in  1890,  2194. 

Geneva,  a  post-borough  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  8  miles 
by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Meadville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high 
school,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  planing-mill. 

Geneva,  a  village  of  Rhode  Island,  now  in  the  10th 
ward  of  Providence.     Pop.  250. 

Geneva,  a  township  of  Walworth  co..  Wis.,  on  the  shore 
of  a  beautiful  lake  of  the  same  name.  It  is  traversed  by 
a  branch  of  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad.  Within 
its  limits,  on  the  railroad,  at  the  eastern  end  and  outlet  of 
the  lake  is  the  city  of  Lake  Geneva,  distant  about  8  miles 
S.E.  of  Elkhorn,  and  about  44  miles  S.AY.  of  Milwaukee. 


a£N 


1254 


GEN 


It  baa  a  baak,  5  ohurehea,  a  newspaper  oIBm,  a  female 
•uninarj,  and  a  manufactory  of  reapers  and  mowori. 
Sereral  eltitcns  of  Cbioai^o  have  fine  reaidcneea  here. 
Staamboat*  navigate  the  lake,  wbioh  ii  about  10  miles 
long.  Pop.  of  the  township,  exoluslva  of  the  city,  1U73; 
of  the  city  in  18»0,  2397. 

Gone'va,  a  poet-village  in  Argentenll  oo.,  Quebee,  3 
miles  S.  of  L«t«hute.     Pop.  150. 

iieneva  Bay»  »  village  in  Walworth  township,  Wal- 
worth 00.,  Wis.,  at  the  W.  end  of  Geneva  Lake,  about  25 
uilea  R.S.E.  of  Janesville.     Pop.  997. 

Geneva  Lake,  Wisconsin,  in  the  S.  part  of  Walworth 
00.,  is  about  10  miles  long,  and  varies  in  width  from  1  to  2 
railos.  Tho  water,  which  is  deep  and  pure,  is  discharged 
by  a  creek  which  issues  from  tho  N.E.  end  of  the  lake  and 
enters  Fox  River. 

Geneva  Switch,  a  station  in  Kane  oo.,  111.,  on  tho 
Chicago  &  Iowa  Railroad,  1  mile  W.  of  Aurora,  and  at  the 
junction  of  one  of  the  railroads  running  N.  to  Qoneva. 

Geneve,  the  French  for  Geneva. 

Gene'via,  a  post-office  of  Uondorson  oo.,  Ky. 

Genf,  the  German  name  of  Geneva. 

Genfer-Sce,  lake,  Switzerland.  See  Lake  of  Geneva. 

Gengenbach,  ghdng'^n-b&K^  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the 
Kinzig,  5  miles  N.N.W.  of  Zell.     Pop.  2340. 

Genii,  Jenil,  or  Xenil,  nA.-necr,  a  river  of  Spain,  in 
Andalusia,  joins  the  Guadalquivir  33  miles  S.W.  of  Cor- 
dova, after  a  W.N.W.  course  of  about  120  miles. 

Gcnill6,  zh?h-neo^yA',  a  village  of  France,  in  Indre-et> 
Loire,  22  milos  8.E.  of  Tours.     Pop.  424. 

Cienis,  zh^h-nee',  a  village  of  Franco,  in  Dordogne,  23 
miles  E.N.B.  of  Pfirigueux.     Pop.  1436. 

Genissnc,  zh^h-nees's&k',  a  village  of  France,  in  Qi- 
ronde,  20  miles  E.  of  Bordeaux,     Pop.  1185. 

Genitchi,  a  strait  of  Russia.     See  Sivash. 

Geni'to,  a  post-office  of  Powhatan  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Ap- 
pomattox River,  at  Powhatan  Station  on  tho  Richmond  & 
Danville  Railroad,  about  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Richmond. 

Genlis,  zh6s»Mee',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
COte-d'Or,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Dijon.     Pop.  969. 

Gennargentu,  mountains.    See  GEXAnoEXTU. 

Gennaro,  jdn-ni'ro,  a  mountain  of  Italy,  9  miles  N. 
of  Tivoli,  belonging  to  tho  eastern  branch  of  the  Central 
Apennines.  lleight,  4289  feet.  With  the  exception  of 
Guadagnolo,  it  is  the  highest  point  in  tho  chain  which 
bounds  the  Campngna  on  the  E. 

Genncp,  nin'nip,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Lim- 
burg,  on  the  Prussian  frontier,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Nymwogen. 

Gcnnes,  zhdnn,  several  villages  of  France;  the  prin- 
cipal in  the  department  of  Maine-et-Loire,  17  miles  S.E. 
of  Angers,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Loire.     Pop.  1758. 

Genncsnreth,  Lake  of.    See  Tabaueeyah. 

Genoa,  j5n'o-a  (Ital.  Genova,  j5n'o-vi;  Fr.  Ginct, 
zhain;  anc.  Gen'itn),  a  fortified  seaport  city  of  Northern 
Italy,  on  the  Mediterranean,  between  the  rivers  Bisagno 
and  Polcevera,  at  a  railway  junction,  75  miles  S.E.  of  Turin. 
Lat.  44°  24'  54"  N. ;  Ion.  8°  53'  E.  The  appearance  of  the 
city  from  the  sea  is  beautiful  and  striking:  it  is  in  the  form 
of  a  crescent,  and  rises  gradually  from  the  shore, — the  white- 
ness of  the  houses,  the  imposing  outlines  of  the  intermin- 
gling palaces,  and  the  distant  villas  and  gardens,  heighten- 
ing tho  effect  of  its  picturesque  position.  Immediately  be- 
hind the  city  rises  an  abrupt  hill,  covered  with  villas  and 
country-houses.  The  city  is  enclosed  by  a  double  lino  of 
fortifications,  forming  a  vast  semicircle,  supported  by  nu- 
merous detached  outworks,  crowning  hill  after  hill,  and 
constituting  one  of  the  most  extensive  town  fortifications  in 
Europe,  the  outer  wall  being  about  7  miles  in  extent.  In 
the  older  parts  of  the  town  the  streets  are  extremely  narrow, 
being  seldom  more  than  10  feet  wide,  with  lofty  buildings 
on  cither  side.  They  are  also  dark,  steep,  and  crooked, 
and  almost  wholly  inaccessible  to  carriages.  In  the  newer 
quarters,  again,  many  of  them  are  spacious  and  are  lined 
with  noble  edifices.  The  finest  of  these  streets  are  the  Strada 
Nuova  and  the  Strada  Baibi,  in  both  of  wliich  are  palaces 
of  the  most  superb  architecture.  Most  of  the  streets  are 
paved  with  smooth  slabs  of  lava,  having  a  pathway  of 
bricks  in  the  centre  to  afford  footing  to  mules  and  to  per- 
sons carrying  burdens.  Many  of  the  palaces  are  crowded 
with  works  of  art  and  splendidly  fitted  up.  The  principal 
are  tho  ducal  palace,  the  palaces  of  Doria,  Serra,  Giusti- 
niani,  Cambiaso,  Dalbi,  Adorno,  Durazzo,  and  the  palaces 
of  the  king  and  the  queen-mother. 

The  churches  and  hospitals  of  Genoa  rival  the  palaces  in 
splendor.  Tho  most  remarkable  of  the  former  is  the  Duorao, 
or  cathedral  of  San  Lorenzo,  founded  in  the  eleventh  cen- 
tqry,  but  not  completed  till  the  beginning  of  the  twelfth. 


The  most  oonspicuous  church  in  the  general  view  of  the 
city  is  that  of  Carignano,  finely  situated  on  a  hill,  and 
having  a  rescmblanoe  to  St.  Peter's  in  its  general  jilnn.  Tho 
other  churches  of  note  are  Santo  Stefano  della  Porta,  a 
handsome  structure,  but  chiefly  remarkable  for  containing; 
a  painting  of  tho  martyrdom  of  the  titular  saint,  the  joint 
production  of  Raphael  and  Giulio  Romano;  San  Siro,  the 
most  anoient  Christian  foundation  in  Genoa;  St.  Ambro.se, 
containing  several  fine  paintings,  and  splendidly  decorated 
within ;  and  L'Annunziata,  also  magnlucently  fitted  up  in- 
teriorly. There  are  a  number  of  other  interesting  ecclesi- 
astical edifices,  although  more  than  half  tho  churches  in  tho 
city  were  demolished  by  the  French,  The  principal  chari- 
table institution  is  tho  Albergo  de'  Povcri,  in  whicti  orphans 
and  old  people  find  shelter;  tho  children  are  brought  up  to 
different  trades,  and  the  girls  who  marry  out  of  the  hos- 
pital receive  a  dowry.  The  house  itself  unites  the  beauties 
of  architecture  on  the  most  splendid  scale,  with  the  most 
perfect  convenience.  The  Ospedale  del  Pammatone  is  an- 
other splendid  institution  for  oenevolcnt  purposes,  founded 
in  1430.  The  deaf  and  dumb  institution  is  also  celebrated. 
There  are  in  and  about  Genoa  15  different  religious  estab- 
lishments for  females,  all  regulated  according  to  the  mon- 
astic system,  though  none  of  the  inmates  take  vows.  The 
largest  of  these  institutions  is  that  of  the  Fieschine,  which 
contains  250  persons,  all  employed  in  such  light  work  as 
laco-raaking,  embroidery,  and  the  manufacture  of  arti- 
ficial flowers.  The  Teatro  Carlo  Felice  is  an  elegant  struc- 
ture, the  Bank  of  St.  George  is  one  of  the  most  ancient  and 
celebrated  in  Europe,  and  the  university  occupies  a  hand- 
some building.  Besides  the  university,  the  other  chief 
educational  institutions  are  the  theological  seminary,  the 
school  of  fine  arts,  the  royal  marine  school,  and  the  school 
of  navigation.  Genoa  is  the  seat  of  royal  courts,  of  a 
chamber  of  commerce,  and  of  an  admiralty  court.  It  is 
supplied  with  water  by  aqueducts  18  miles  in  length.  The 
Brignole-Sale  Palace,  with  a  rich  art  collection  and  a  fine 
library,  is  now  public  property,  Genoa  is  the  see  of  an 
archbishop. 

The  manufactures  of  Genoa  arc  considerable.  Its  A-el- 
vets  and  silk  are  world-famed ;  and  it  likewise  possesses 
factories  of  cloth,  stockings,  blonde,  oil-cloth,  hats,  paper, 
essences,  gloves,  lace,  cotton  goods,  oils,  and  soap.  Besides 
these,  its  works  in  gold,  silver,  and  marble  have  a  high 
reputation ;  indeed,  for  silver  filigree  and  coral  wrought 
into  bracelets,  brooches,  bunches  of  flowers,  and  other  kinds 
of  ornaments,  as  well  as  for  fine  cabinet-work  and  house- 
furniture,  the  Genoese  workmen  stand  unrivalled,  and  their 
productions  are  sent  to  all  parts  of  the  world.  The  port  is 
of  a  semicircular  form,  about  three-quarters  of  a  mile  in 
diameter,  formed  by  two  moles  projecting  into  the  sea  from 
opposite  sides,  but  not  opposite  each  other;  the  Molo  Nuovo, 
or  New  Mole,  on  the  E.  side,  being  about  790  yards  S.  of 
the  Molo  Vecchio,  or  Old  Mole,  on  the  W,  Near  the  abut- 
ment of  tho  New  Mole  is  the  light-house,  a  beautiful  struc- 
ture, 300  feet  in  height.  There  is,  besides,  a  fixed  harbor- 
light  on  each  of  the  moles.  Genoa  is  the  chief  outlet,  by 
the  Mediterranean,  for  the  manufactures  of  Switzerland  and 
Northern  Italy.  'There  are  yards  for  naval  construction. 
Tho  harbor  is  safe  and  good,  but  much  too  small  for  the 
needs  of  the  port:  hence  new  harbor-works  are  in  construc- 
tion, to  cost  $5,000,000,  the  gift  of  the  Duke  of  Gallicra. 
It  is  believed  that  these  improvements  will  more  than  double 
the  commercial  capacity  of  the  port.  There  is  an  immense 
number  of  bonding  warehouses  situated  in  one  locality, 
called  Porto  Franco ;  these  are  surrounded  by  walls,  and 
form  a  small  separate  town.  The  principal  articles  of  ex- 
port are  rice,  oils,  fruit,  cheese,  rags,  the  products  of  its 
manufactures,  <tc, ;  imports,  cottons,  raw  cotton,  woollens, 
cochineal,  indigo,  colonial  produce,  tobacco,  salt  fish,  hides, 
grain,  lead,  nutgalls,  <tc.  In  ancient  times  the  Genoese 
merchants  were  remarkable  for  their  enterprise  and  for  the 
extent  of  their  dealings.  They  brought  the  productions  of 
Hindostan  from  Ispahan  to  Trebizond,  and  from  thence 
conveyed  them  through  Kaffa,  in  the  Crimea,  and  after- 
wards through  Constantinople,  to  Europe.  Their  commerce 
subsequently  declined  greatly,  but  has  always  been  respect- 
able, and  at  present  Genoa  is  the  leading  seaport  of  Italy. 

The  origin  of  Genoa  is  said  to  be  more  remote  than  that 
of  Rome.  As  early  as  the  eleventh  century  the  Genoese 
had  become  formidable  at  sea,  and,  notwithstanding  an 
almost  continuous  succession  of  wars  through  several  ages, 
gradually  increased  in  power  and  importance.  For  nearly 
seven  centuries,  with  some  interruption,  Genoa  was  the 
capital  of  a  famous  commercial  republic,  which  planted 
numerous  colonies  in  the  Levant  and  on  the  shores  of  the 
Blaek  Sea.     After  a  long  period  of  internal  distraction  and 


GEN 


1255 


GEO 


misrule,  the  citizens  instituted  a  supreme  magistrate,  called 
Doge,  for  life,  excluding  by  law  all  the  nobles.  Another 
and  more  efficient  form  of  government  was  introduced  by 
Andrea  Doria  in  1528,  which  existed  till  overturned  by 
Uonaparte.  The  city  in  1799,  being  then  in  the  possession 
of  the  French,  was  taken  by  the  united  forces  of  Austria 
and  England,  and  finally,  in  1815,  after  a  rapid  succession 
of  changes,  united,  by  a  decision  of  the  Congress  of  Vienna, 

to  the  Sardinian  monarchy.     Pop.  in  1881,  138,081. 

Adj.  and  inhab.  Genoese,  jfin'o-eez'.   See  Gulf  of  Genoa. 

Genoa,  or  Genova,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Liguria, 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Gulf  of  Genoa.  Area,  15S8  square 
miles.     Capital,  Genoa.     Pop.  716,759. 

Genoa,  jen'o-a  or  je-no'a,  a  post-village  of  De  Kalb 
CO.,  III.,  on  the  Kishwaukee  River,  69  miles  by  rail  W.N.W. 
of  Chicago,  and  about  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Rockford.     It  has 

3  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  shoe-factory. 
Pop.  in  1890,  634. 

Genoa,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Iowa,  5  miles  S. 
of  Seymour  Station.     Pop.  87. 

Genoa,  a  post-village  of  Livingston  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Genoa  township,  on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  &  Northern  Rail- 
road, 39  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lansing.  It  has  a  church.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  921. 

Genoa,  a  post-hamlet  of  Olmsted  co.,  Minn.,  in  New 
Ilaven  township,  about  10  miles  N.W.  of  Rochester.  It 
has  a  church,  a  lumber-mill,  &<s. 

Genoa,  a  post-village  of  Platte  co.,  Neb.,  on  the  Loup 
River,  about  20  miles  W.  of  Columbus.     It  has  a  church. 

Genoa,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Douglas  co.,  Nev.,  is 
on  Carson  River,  about  4  miles  E.  of  Lake  Tahoe,  and  15 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Carson  City.  It  is  in  a  mountainous 
country,  near  the  Sierra  Nevada.  It  has  a  church,  a  dis- 
trict school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  434. 

Genoa,  a  post-village  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Genoa 
township,  on  Rig  Salmon  Creek,  20  miles  S.  of  Auburn, 
and  17  miles  from  Freeville.  It  has  4  churches,  common 
schools,  a  newspaper  office,  2  flour-mills,  and  a  carriage- 
factory.  Pop.  in  1890,  437.  The  township  contains  the 
village  of  Northville.     Total  pop.  2320. 

Genoa,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cleve- 
land, Mount  Vernon  &  Columbus  Railroad.     Pop.  1050. 

Genoa,  a  post-village  of  Ottawa  co.,  0.,  on  the  Lake 
Shore  <fc  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  13  miles  S.E.  of  To- 
ledo, and  16  miles  N.W.  of  Fremont.  It  has  6  churches,  a 
graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  lime,  lumber, 
Ac.     Here  are  quarries  of  limestone.     Pop.  in  1S90,  839. 

Genoa,  Pickaway  co.,  0.     See  Commercial  Point. 

Genoa,  a  post-village  of  Vernon  co..  Wis.,  in  Genoa 
township,  and  on  the  Mississippi  River,  18  or  20  miles  S. 
of  La  Crosse.    It  has  a  church.    Pop.  of  the  township,  717. 

Genoa,  a  village  at  the  S.E.  corner  of  Walworth  co.. 
Wis.,  in  Bloomfield  township,  77  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Chicago, 
and  9  miles  S.E.  of  Geneva.  The  Fox  River  line  of  the 
Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad  here  crosses  the  Kenosha 
division  of  the  Siime.  It  has  a  church,  a  money-order 
post-office  named  Genoa  Junction,  a  graded  school,  &c. 

Genoa  Bluff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Iowa  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Sumner  township,  about  10  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Marengo.  It 
has  a  church. 

Genoa  Junction,  AVisconsin.    See  Genoa. 

Genoese,  adjective  and  inhabitant.     See  Genoa. 

Genola,  jA-no'li  (L.  Gavenola),  a  village  of  Italy,  in 
Piedmont,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Saluzzo.     Pop.  1994. 

Geno'la,  a  station  in  Huntingdon  township,  Suffolk  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Smithtown  <fc  Port  Jefferson  Railroad,  3  miles 
S.E.  of  Northport  village.  The  station  is  also  called  East 
Northport,  Northport  St<ation,  Ac,  and  the  locality  gener- 
ally is  known  as  Ger.ola,  Fairview,  or  Claypits. 

Genolhac,  zh§h-noM5.k',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gard,  17 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Alais.     Pop.  1313. 

Genoni,  ji-no'nee,  a  village  on  the  island  of  Sardinia, 

4  miles  from  Laconi.     Pop.  1361. 
Genosa,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Ginosa. 
Geneva,  the  Italian  name  of  Genoa. 

Gensac,  zhfiso^sik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gironde,  31 
miles  E.  of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  1318. 

Gcnsano,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Genzano. 

Gensingen,  ghfln'sing-^n,  a  village  of  Hesse,  7  miles 
S.E.  of  Bingen.     Pop.  982. 

Gent,  ghSnt,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Gelderland, 
7  miles  E.N.E.  of  Nymwegen.     Pop.  2306. 

Genthin,  ghin-teen',  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  on 
the  Berlin  &  Magdeburg  Railroad,  and  on  the  Plauen  Canal, 
30  miles  N.E.  of  Magdeburg.     Pop.  3718. 

Gcnthod,  zh5NoHo',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  4  miles  N.  of  Geneva,  on  the  Lake  of  Geneva. 


Gen'tile  Val'ley,  a  post-office  of  Oneida  co.,  Idaho, 
in  a  fertile  valley,  25  miles  N.  of  Franklin. 

Gentilly,  zh6N"Heo*yee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine, 
4  miles  N.E.  of  Sceaux,  on  the  Bicvre,  forming  a  close  souttt- 
em  suburb  of  Paris.  The  commune  comprises  the  village  of 
BicCtre,  celebrated  for  its  castle,  serving  as  a  hospital  for 
5000  superannuated  and  imbecile  old  men,  and  .as  a  prison. 
This  edifice  also  contains  e.xtensive  workshops  for  polishing 
glass,  woollen-spinning,  and  various  manufactures.  Near 
this  is  the  fort  of  Bicfitre.     Pop.  10,378. 

Gentilly,  zhon-til'lee,  a  station  in  Orleans  parish.  La., 
on  the  New  Orleans  and  Mobile  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  New 
Orleans.  Gentilly  is  also  the  name  of  a  station  on  the 
Lake  Pontchartrain  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  the  terminus  in 
New  Orleans. 

Gentilly,  zhSNoHeel'yee  or  zh6N<>Heeryce',  a  post-vil- 
l.age  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Nicolet,  75  miles  S.W.  of  Quebec.     It 
is  on  the  St.  Lawrence  River,  and  has  a  large  trade  in  lum 
ber.     Pop.  500. 

G  entry,  jSn'tree,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Missouri. 
Area,  450  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Grand  River, 
and  is  also  drained  by  the  East  and  West  Forks  of  the 
same.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  moderately  uneven, 
and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests;  the  soil  is 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  wheat,  grass,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago,  Burling- 
ton &  Quincy  Railroad.  Capital,  Albany.  Pop.  in  1870, 
11,607;  in  1880,  17,176;  in  1890,  19,018. 

Gentry,  a  station  on  the  Lexington  Branch  of  the  Misu 
souri  Pacific  Railroad,  3  miles  N.W,  of  Sedalia,  Mo. 

Gentry's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  Tex. 

Gen'tryville,  a  post-village  of  Spencer  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Jackson  township,  1  mile  from  Gentryville  Station  on  the 
Rockport  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  and  about  33  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Evansville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  <fec.  The  sta- 
tion is  14  miles  N.  of  Rockport.     Pop.  about  400. 

Gentryville,  apost-village  of  Gentry  co..  Mo.,  on  Grand 
River,  44  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Joseph,  and  10  miles  S.  of 
Albany.  It  has  a  money -order  post-office,  2  drug-stores,  a 
flouring-mill,  a  church,  and  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  600. 

Genua,  the  ancient  name  of  Genoa. 

Genzano,  jfin-zd'no,  or  Gensano,  j2n-s3,'no,  a  town 
of  Italy,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Rome,  on  the  Appian  Way.  Pop. 
5306.  It  has  a  palace  of  the  Duke  of  Ccsarini,  a  Capuchin 
convent,  and  a  modern  cathedral.  An  annual  festival  here, 
called  the  lufiorata  di  Genzano  (in-fo-0-rft.'ti  dee  j^n-zi'- 
no),  is  frequented  by  numerous  visitors  from  Rome. 

Genzano,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  18  miles  N.E. 
of  Potenza.     Pop.  5260. 

Geographe,  jec-o-grar  or  zhi-o-grif,  a  strait  in 
Tasmania,  separating  Schouten  IsLand  from  Freycinet's 
Peninsula. 

Geographe,  a  bay  of  Western  Australia,  co.  of  Sussex, 
at  its  northern  extremity,  about  35  miles  in  width. 

George,  a  lake  of  New  South  Wales,  Argyle  and  Mur- 
ray COS.,  2000  feet  nbove  the  sea,  about  18  miles  in  length. 

George,  apost-village  of  Lyon  co.,  Iowa,  10  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Rock  Rapids.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  and  a 
newspaper  office. 

George  d'Elmina  (St.),  Africa.    See  Elmina. 

George,  Lake.    See  Lake  George,  and  Caldwell. 

Georgenbourg,  a  town  of  Russia.  See  Yoonnoone. 
■  Georgensgmund,  g4-on'gh?ns-moont\  a  village  of 
Bavaria,  at  a  railway  junction,  40  miles  S.  of  Nuremberg. 

Geovgenthal,  gi-oii'ghen-tilr,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  2a 
miles  W.  of  Leitmeritz.     Pop,  2450. 

Georgenthal,  a  village  of  Saxe-Coburg-Gotha,  8  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Gotha.     Pop.  750. 

Georges,  jor'jez,  a  township  of  Fayette  co..  Pa.,  has 
beds  of  iron  ore  and  coal.    Pop.  2544.    It  contains  Smithficld. 

George's  Canii>,  a  post-office  of  Jones  co..  Miss. 

George's  Creek,  of  South  Carolina,  enters  the  Saluda 
from  the  right,  a  few  miles  E.  of  Pickcnsville. 

George's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Inyo  co.,  Cal. 

George's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ky. 

George's  Creek,  a  township  of  Barnwell  co.,  S.C. 
Pop.  1295. 

George's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pickens  co.,  S.C, 
in  Pickcnsville  township,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Easley. 

George's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Somervell    co.,  Tex. 

George's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.II., 
in  Sunapee  township,  at  the  head  of  Sunapee  Lake,  about 
35  miles  W.N.W.  of  Concord.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist- 
mill, a  saw-mill,  and  a  bucket-factory. 

George's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  Similes  E.  of  Greens- 
burg.     It  has  about  6  houses. 


QEO 


1256 


«BU 


George'*  Station,  S.C.    See  Sairt  asoROK's. 

(■eorgc's  Store*  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  oo.,  Tenn., 
M  Elk  Hirer,  18  miloe  E.  uf  Fayottoville.  It  lias  2  ohuruhcs 
Mid  a  atore*. 

Georgosville,  JOr'j^i-rll,  a  post-hamlot  of  Frnnt<lin 
«o.,  0.,  on  Darby  Croek,  and  on  the  Columbus  <!fc  Springfield 
UailrunJ,  l;{  miles  W.S.W.  of  Columbus.     It  boa  a  church. 

Cscorge'town*  •  countj  in  the  S.E.  part  of  South 
Carolinii.  Area,  742  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.E.  by  the  Great  Pedee  River,  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Atlantic 
Oomn,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Santce  River.  It  is  also 
intersected  by  the  Wucoamaw  and  Black  Rivers.  The  sur- 
face is  level,  partly  occupied  by  swamps,  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees;  the  soil  is 
mostly  sandy.  Rico  is  the  staple  product.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  tiourgetown  A  Western  Railroad.  Capital,  Qeorgc- 
town.  Top.  in  1S70,  1(3,161;  in  1880,  10,613;  in  18U0, 
20,857. 

Georgetown,  a  post-village  of  El  Dorado  co..  Col., 
about  50  miles  N.B.  of  Sacramento,  and  16  miles  N.  of 
riacerville.  Gold  la  found  near  it.  Pop.  of  Georgetown 
township,  1023. 

Georgetown,  a  mining  town,  capital  of  Clear  Creek 
CO.,  Col.,  is  situated  on  the  Front  or  Snowy  Range,  and  on 
Clear  Creek,  about  7  miles  from  Gray's  Peak.  Altitude, 
8412  feet.  It  is  54-  miles  W.  of  Denver  by  the  Colorado  Cen- 
tral Railroad.  Its  prosperity  is  derived  from  the  working 
of  the  silver-,  lead-,  and  gold-mines  in  the  vicinity,  which 
are  pronounced  by  Prof.  Ilayden  to  be  practically  inex- 
haustible. It  has  2  banks,  several  concentrating-  and  sam- 
pling-mills, and  a  weekly  newspaper.  Galena,  zinc  blende, 
granite,  gray  copper,  polybosite,  iron  and  copper  pyrites, 
quartz,  &o.  are  found  liere.  Here  are  5  churches,  large  re- 
duction-works, and  several  superior  hotels.     Pop.  1927. 

Georgetown,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co.,  Conn.,  on 
the  Danbury  A  Norwalk  Railroad,  13  miles  S.  of  Danbury. 
It  has  4  churches,  and  manufactures  of  glue,  sandpaper, 
curled  hair  and  wire  goods*     Pop.  about  500. 

Georgetown,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Sussex  co., 
Del.,  in  (Jeorgetown  hundred,  and  on  the  Junction  & 
Breakwater  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  tho  Breakwater  & 
Frankford  Railroad,  104  miles  S.  of  Wilmington,  and  15 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Lewes.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  oflSce,  an  academy,  several  hotels,  a  carriage- 
shop,  saw-mills,  and  manufactures  of  flooring,  shingles, 
Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  895  ;  in  1890,  1353. 

Georgetown,  a  port  of  entry  and  formerly  a  separate 
city  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  now  the  local  name  of  that 
part  of  the  city  of  Washington  lying  above  Rock  Creek,  on 
the  Potomac  River.  The  locality  comprises  several  emi- 
nences, which  command  beautiful  views  and  are  occupied  by 
handsome  villas  and  residences.  It  contains  10  churches,  a 
national  bank,  the  Academy  of  the  Visitation,  the  George- 
town Institute  for  males,  the  Georgetown  Female  Seminary, 
the  Collegiate  Institute  for  young  ladies,  and  a  convent, 
and  is  the  seat  of  Georgetown  College  (Roman  Catholic), 
which  was  organized  in  1789  and  has  a  library  of  nearly 
25,000  volumes.  The  Chesapeake  <k  Ohio  Canal  crosses  the 
Potomac  here  by  a  remarkable  aqueduct,  which  is  1446  feet 
long  and  cost  about  $2,000,000.  Georgetown  has  a  number 
of  large  flour-mills,  the  products  of  which  have  a  wide 
reputation.     Pop.  in  1880,  12,578;  in  1890,  14,046. 

Georgetown,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co.,  Fla.,  on 
St.  John's  River  and  Lake  George,  about  30  miles  S.  of 
Palatka.     It  has  3  churches,  a  lumber-mill,  &o. 

Georgetown,  a  post-viHage,  capital  of  Quitman  oo., 
Ga.,  on  the  Chattahoochee  River,  at  tho  terminus  of  the 
Southwestern  Railroad,  opposite  Eufaula,  and  24  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Cuthbert.  It  has  3  churches.  About  4000  bales 
of  cotton  are  annually  shipped  from  here.     Pop.  263. 

Georgetown,  a  post- village  of  Bear  Lake  co.,  Idaho, 
on  Bear  River,  about  25  miles  N.  of  Paris. 

Georgetown,  a  hamlet  of  Clay  co..  111.,  usually  called 
Bible  GnovE  (which  see).    See  also  Steel's  Mills. 

Georgetown  (Smithton  Post-Office),  a  village  of  St. 
Clair  CO.,  III.,  7  miles  S.  of  Belleville.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  flouring-raill,  and  3  general  stores. 

Georgetown,  a  post-village  of  Vermilion  co.,  III.,  in 
Georgetown  township,  on  tho  Little  Vermilion  River,  and 
on  the  Paris  and  Danville  Railroad,  10  miles  S.of  Danville. 
It  bos  a  graded  school,  money-order  post-oflSce,  a  bank,  and 
3  churches.  Pop.  (1890)  662.  The  township  is  intersected 
by  the  Big  Vermilion  River.     Pop.  of  the  township,  260S. 

Georgetown,  a  village  of  Brown  co.,  Ind.,  in  Jack- 
ion  township,  on  Bean  Blossom  Creek,  4  miles  N.  of  Nash- 
ville, and  8  miles  S.  of  Morgantown.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
tannery.     Pop.  200.    Here  is  Bean  Blossom  Post-Office. 


Georgetown,  a  hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Wa- 
bash River,  8  miles  W.  of  Logansport. 

Georgetown,  a  post-township  of  Floyd  co.,  Ind.,  10 
miles  W.  of  Now  Albany.     It  has  3  churches.     Poj).  1424. 

Georgetown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Iowa, 
about  10  miles  W.  of  Albia. 

Georgetown,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Scott  co.,  Ky^ 
on  the  North  Elkhorn  Creek,  about  20  miles  E.  of  Frank- 
fort,  and  on  the  Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad,  12  miles  N. 
of  Lexington.  It  is  the  seat  of  Georgetown  College  (liuj)- 
tiat),  which  was  organized  in  1833.  Georgetown  has  1 1 
churches,  3  bunks,  3  newspaper  offices,  and  a  female  semi- 
nary.    Elevation,  875  feet.     Pop.  about  800. 

Georgetown,  a  post-township  of  Sagadahoc  co..  Me., 
is  an  island  12  miles  long  (sometimes  called  Parker's  Island), 
at  the  mouth  of  tho  Kennebec  River.  Tho  township  has  3 
churches  and  1  or  more  lumber-mills.  Pop.  1135.  George- 
town Post-Office  is  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bath. 

Georgetown,  a  hamlet  in  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Frederick  &  Pennsylvania  Lino  Railroad,  6  miles  N.E.  of 
Frt'derick.     It  has  2  churches. 

Georgetown,  a  hamlet  and  shipping-point  of  Kent 
CO.,  MJ.,  on  the  Sassafras  River,  about  44  miles  E.  of  Bal- 
timore, and  1  mile  N.  of  Gfileoa.     It  has  a  church. 

Georgetown,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Georgetown  township,  on  the  Boston  A  Maine  Railroad,  at 
tho  junction  of  2  branches  of  tho  same,  30  miles  N.  of  Bos- 
ton, and  9  miles  S.W.  of  Newburyport.  It  contains  a  high 
school,  5  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  and  a 
newspaper  office.  The  township  has  manufactures  of  boots 
and  shoes.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  2117. 

Georgetown,  a  post-township  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich., 
about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Grand  Rapids,  is  traversed  by  Grand 
River.     It  has  3  saw-mills.     Pop.  1464. 

Georgetown,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co.,  Minn.,  on  tho 
Red  River  of  the  North,  just  below  the  mouth  of  the  Buf- 
falo  River,  15  miles  N.  of  Moorehead.  It  has  a  church,  a 
bank,  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  about  100. 

Georgetown,  a  post-village  of  Copiah  co..  Miss.,  on 
or  near  Pearl  River,  17  miles  E.  of  Uazlehurst.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Georgetown,  a  post-village  of  Pettis  co..  Mo.,  in 
Cedar  township,  on  tho  West  Fork  of  La  Mine  River,  and 
on  the  railroad  which  connects  Lexington  with  Sedalia,  4 
miles  N.W.  of  Sedalia.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures 
of  brooms  and  lime. 

Georgetown,  a  post-office  of  Custer  co..  Neb. 

GeorgetOAVn,  a  hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Neb.,  about  50 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Lincoln. 

Georgetown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  5 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Bordentown.  It  has  a  church  and  a  car- 
riage-factory. 

Georgetown,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Gnant 
CO.,  New  Mexico,  about  24  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Silver  City. 
It  has  silver-mines. 

Georgetown,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Georgetown  township,  near  the  Syracuse  A  Chenango  Rail- 
road, on  which  it  has  a  station,  32  miles  bj-  rail  S.E.  of 
Syracuse.  It  has  2  churches,  2  tanneries,  and  a  carriage- 
shop.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1427. 

GeorgetOAVn,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Brown  co.,  0., 
in  Pleasant  township,  on  White  Oak  Creek,  and  on  the  Cin- 
cinnati A  Portsmouth  Railroad,  6  or  7  miles  N.  of  the  Ohio 
River,  and  about  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house,  3  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  graded 
school,  a  woollen -factory,  Ac.  Blue  or  Silurian  limestone 
abounds  here.     Pop.  in  1880,  1293;  in  1890,  1473. 

Georgetown,  a  hamlet  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  in  Wayne 
township.     Pop.  65. 

Georgetown,  a  village  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  in  Cole- 
rain  township,  about  12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cincinnati.  It 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  172.    Here  is  Dunlap  Post-Office. 

Georgetown,  a  village  of  Harrison  co.,  0.,  in  Short 
Creek  township,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Cadiz,  and  about  20  miles 
N.W.  of  Bellaire.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
saw-mill.    The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Short  Creek. 

Georgetown,  or  Lud'low,  a  hamlet  of  Miami  co.,  0., 
in  Union  township,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Dayton.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  carriage-shop.     Here  is  Potsdam  Post-Office. 

Georgetown,  a  post-village  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
left  or  S.  bank  of  the  Ohio  River,  opposite  the  line  of  the 
Cleveland  A  Pittsburg  Railroad,  about  36  miles  below  Pitts- 
burg.   It  has  2  churches,  and  wells  of  natural  gas.    P.  297. 

Georgetown,  a  village  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  in  Bart 
township.  It  is  1  mile  from  tho  Gap  nickel-mines,  and  5 
miles  S.W.  of  Christiana  Railroad  Station.    It  has  a  church. 

Georgetown,  a  village  of  Northumberland  co.,  Pa.,  on 


GEO 


1257 


GEO 


the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Northern  Central  Rail- 
road, 38  miles  N.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  a  church  and 
manufactures  of  lime.     Hero  is  Dalmatia  Post-Offlce. 

Georgetown,aportof  entry  and  the  capital  of  George- 
town CO.,  S.C.,  is  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  and  on 
Winyaw  Bay,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Waccamaw  River.  It 
is  about  14  miles  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  50  miles 
N.E.  of  Charleston.  It  contains  5  churches,  a  bank,  2 
newspaper  offices,  and  several  distilleries  of  turpentine. 
Eice,  pine  lumber,  and  turpentine  are  the  chief  articles  of 
export.     Pop.  in  1880,  2557,-  in  1890,  2895. 

Georgetown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jnmes  co.,  Tenn.,  11 
miles  N.  of  Cleveland.   It  has  a  church  and  a  plough-factory. 

Georgetown,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Williamson  co., 
Tex.,  on  the  San  Gabriel  River,  9  miles  N.  of  Round  Rock 
Station,  and  28  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Austin.  It  is  the  seat  of 
the  Southwestern  University  of  Texas  (Methodist),  and  has 
5  churches,  2  bank;,  2  newspaper  offices,  knitting-mills,  acd 
»  chair-factory.     Pop.  in  1880,  1364;  in  1890,  2447. 

Georgetown,  a  post-village  of  Grant  co..  Wis.,  about 
14  miles  N.E.  of  Dubuque,  Iowa.     It  has  2  general  stores. 

Georgetown,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Riversdale. 

Georgetow^n,  a  village  in  Halton  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
river  Credit,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  29  miles 
N.W.  of  Toronto.  It  has  valuable  water-power,  paper-mills, 
brewery,  tannery,  iron-foundry,  grist-mill,  marble-works,  a 
newspaper  office,  3  hotels,  about  20  stores,  and  a  large  trade 
in  lumber,  grain,  and  country  produce.     Pop.  1282. 

Georgetown,  a  village  in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
river  Moira,  at  the  head  of  Lake  Stoco,  26  miles  N.  by  E. 
of  Belleville.     Pop.  180. 

Georgetown,  a  seaport  town,  capital  of  Kings  co., 
Prince  Edward  Island,  at  the  entrance  into  Cardigan  Bay, 
on  the  S.E.  side  of  the  island,  30  miles  E.  of  Charlottetown. 
It  possesses  one  of  the  best  harbors  on  the  island.  It  has 
a  good  trade  in  country  produce,  and  contains  3  churches,  8 
hotels,  15  stores,  and  a  large  foundry.  A  weekly  newspaper 
is  published  in  Georgetown.  It  has  railway  communication 
with  the  chief  places  on  the  island.     Pop.  1100. 

Georgetown,  Quebec.   See  Saixt  Louis  de  Gonzague. 

Georgetown,  a  village  near  the  W.  end  of  Grand 
Cayman,  British  West  Indies. 

Georgetown,  AVest  Indies.    See  Saint  George. 

Georgetown,  a  town  of  the  island  of  St.  Vincent, 
British  West  Indies,  on  the  E.  coast. 

Georgetown,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Tobago,  British 
West  Indies,  on  Barbadoes  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  S.E.  coast. 

Georgetown  (Dutch,  Stabroek,  sti'brook),  often  called 
Demerara,  dem-?-ri'ra,  a  city,  capital  of  British  Guiana 
and  of  the  county  of  Demerara,  on  the  E.  b.ank  of  the  navi- 
gable Demerara  River,  at  its  mouth,  is  regularly  built, 
having  wide  and  straight  streets,  mostly  with  canals  in 
them,  and  many  of  them  lined  with  trees.  The  dwellings 
are  generally  of  wood,  and  stand  on  pillars  of  brick,  the 
streets  being  below  the  level  of  high  tide,  which  is  excluded 
by  means  of  a  sea-wall  and  sluices.  Many  houses  are  sur- 
rounded by  pleasant  gardens.  The  town  has  a  good  water- 
supply,  telegraph  lines  to  America  and  Europe  via  Cuba  and 
Brazil,  a  steam  ferry,  and  a  railway  to  Mahaica,  22  miles 
away.  It  is  the  seat  of  an  Anglican  bishop  and  of  a  Catho- 
lic vicar-apostolic,  and  has  several  Anglican,  Catholic,  Pres- 
byterian, and  Dissenting  churches,  good  schools  and  hospitals, 
a  stone  government-house,  custom-house,  bonded  warehouse, 
gas-works,  chemical  works,  Ac.,  several  banks,  insurance 
companies,  and  newspapers.  There  is  a  bar  at  the  river's 
mouth,  with  but  8  feet  of  water,  and  large  ships  discharge 
and  load  by  means  of  lighters.     Pop.  36,567. 

George  Town,  a  town  of  Cape  Colony,  South  Africa, 
125  miles  E.  of  Zwellcndam.     Pop.  1937. 

George  Town,  a  village,  capital  of  the  island  of  As- 
cension, on  the  N.W.  coast,  with  a  fort  and  military  works, 
a  navy  yard,  and  a  coal  depot. 

George  ToAvn, a  maritime  town  of  Tasmania,  28  miles 
N.W.  of  Launceston,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Tamar.  Lat. 
41°  6'  S.;  Ion.  146°  50'  E. 

George'town,  often  called  Pe^nang',  a  seaport  town, 
capital  of  the  island  of  Penang,  in  Malacca  Strait.  Lat. 
6"  25'  6"  N. ;  Ion.  100°  19'  45"  E.    See  Penang. 

George'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kandiyohi  co.,  Minn., 
24  miles  N.N.B.  of  Willraar.     It  has  a  church. 

Georgeville,  a  post-office  of  Ray  co.,  Mo. 

Georgeville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa.,  in 
East  Mahoning  township,  18  miles  N.  of  Indiana. 

Georgeville,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Cape  George. 

Georgeville,  a  post-village  in  Stanstead  co.,  Quebec, 
on  the  E.  side  of  Lake  Memphremagog,  13  miles  N.  of 
Derby  Line,  Vt.     Pop.  250. 
80 


Georgia,  jor'je-a,  or  Grusia,  groo'se-a  (Pers.  (Joor- 
gistan  or  Gourgistan,  goor-ghis-tin',  or  Coor/ts/an,  goor-jis- 
t4n' ;  written  also  Gurdschistan  and  Gurjiatan),  a  country 
of  Asia,  in  Russian  Transcaucasia,  now  forming  the  govern- 
ment of  Tiflis.  It  is  bounded  S.  by  an  Armenian  range 
which  separates  the  basin  of  the  Koor  from  that  of  the  Aras, 
and  W.  by  a  branch  of  the  Caucasus  forming  part  of  the 
watershed  between  the  Caspian  and  the  Black  Sea.  The 
name  is  sometimes  employed  to  designate  nearly  the  whole 
territory  possessed  by  the  Russians  S.  of  the  Caucasus.  In 
this  largo  sense  it  may  have  an  area  of  28,800  geograph- 
ical square  miles;  but  that  of  Georgia  proper  does  not 
exceed  16,800  geographical  square  miles.  The  central  part 
is  occupied  by  a  large  and  fertile  valley,  in  which  the 
Koor  flows  from  W.  to  E.  and  receives  almost  all  its  drairp- 
age.  The  soil  generally  in  the  lower  grounds,  and  more 
especially  in  this  valley,  is  of  great  fertility,  and,  having 
the  advantage  of  a  delightful  climate,  grows  in  abundance 
all  the  ordinary  cereals,  maize,  hemp,  and  flax,  as  well  as 
gre.at  quantities  of  wine  and  cotton  and  unlimited  supplies 
of  fruit.  Important  improvements  have  taken  place  in 
agriculture  since  the  Russians  acquired  possession  of  the 
country  from  Persia,  in  1800 ;  but  it  has  not  yet  recovered 
from  the  disasters  brought  upon  it  by  ages  of  misrule  and 
almost  incessant  warfare.  The  natives,  forming  about  three- 
fourths  of  the  whole  population,  have  been  as  much  cel- 
ebrated as  the  Circassians  for  the  athletic  frames  of  the  men 
and  the  beauty  of  the  women.  Hence  in  former  times  many 
youths  were  sold,  the  males  to  serve  in  the  armies  and  the 
females  to  become  inmates  of  the  harems  of  the  Turks. 
The  nobles  long  derived  their  chief  revenue  from  this  traf- 
fic, valuing  their  serfs  only  for  the  money  they  could  ob- 
tain for  them.  Under  the  Russian  sovereignty  this  traf- 
fic has  ceased,  and  the  distinction  which  divided  the  whole 
population  into  the  classes  of  nobles  and  serfs  has  been 
abolished.  The  Georgians  belong  nominally  to  the  Greek 
church,  but  both  clergy  and  people  are  generally  ignorant. 
The  Bible,  however,  was  translated  into  their  native  lan- 
guage, a  peculiar  dialect  having  apparently  some  Aryan 
affinities,  as  early  as  the  beginning  of  the  fifth  century. 
Capital,  Tiflis.  Pop.  of  Georgia  proper,  about  606,000. — — 
Adj.  and  inhab.  Georgian,  jor'je-an. 

Georgia,  jSr'je-a  (named  in  honor  of  George  II.,  King 
of  Great  Britain),  one  of  the  Southern  States  of  the  American 
Union,  bordering  on  the  Atlantic,  is  bounded  N.  by  North 
Carolina  and  Tennessee,  N.E.  and  E.  by  South  Carolina  and 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  S.  by  Florida,  and  W.  by  Alabama. 
From  South  Carolina  it  is  divided  by  the  Savannah  and 
Chattooga  Rivers;  from  Florida,  in  part,  by  St.  Mary's 
River,  and  from  Alabama  (partly)  by  the  Chattahoochee. 
Its  extreme  limits  are  the  parallels  of  30°  21'  and  35°  N. 
lat.  and  the  meridians  of  80°  48'  and  85°  38'  W.  Ion.  Ex- 
treme length,  320  miles  from  N.  to  S. ;  greatest  breadth,  254 
miles.  Present  area  (much  reduced  since  1798),  59,475 
square  miles.  Georgia  was  one  of  the  original  13  states  of 
the  Union. 

The  Face  of  the  Country  is  exceedingly  various.  In  the 
N.  and  N.W.  is  a  mountain-region,  covering  some  25  coun- 
ties, whose  ranges  pursue  a  somewhat  parallel  N.E.  and 
S.W.  course  across  the  state,  terminating  in  the  hill-country 
of  Alabama.  The  highest  peaks  of  the  Blue  Ridge  exceed 
3000  feet  in  altitude.  Between  the  mountain-ridges  the 
country  is  broken,  with  very  fertile  valleys,  a  delightful 
climate,  and  varied  mineral  wealth.  S.E.  of  the  moun- 
tains a  plain  or  terrace  some  65  miles  in  average  breadth 
extends  along  the  foot-hills,  with  a  red  loamy  soil,  natu- 
rally very  productive.  Anether  still  lower  and  wider  ter- 
r.ace  or  plain  borders  this  region,  with  limits  having  also  a 
general  N.E.  and  S.W.  direction,  and  containing  much  pro- 
ductive land,  with  districts  which  have  a  light  soil.  Some 
60  miles  in  average  distance  from  the  coast  is  the  S.E.  limit 
of  the  so-called  pine  barrens,  which  are  capable  of  afl"ording 
great  supplies  of  timber  and  naval  stores,  and  which  have 
a  soil  easily  wrought  and  by  no  means  unproductive. 

Along  the  coast  and  near  the  lower  courses  of  the  streams 
are  rich  alluvial  districts,  interspersed  with  swamps,  which 
are  available  for  rice-culture.  The  sea-islands,  separated 
from  the  mainland  by  shallow  sounds,  have  a  light  soil,  well 
adapted  to  the  growth  of  sea-island  cotton.  In  the  S.W. 
there  is  a  large  area  with  a  good  but  easily-exhausted  soil, 
which  has  long  been  celebrated  for  its  cotton-product.  In 
the  S.E.  is  the  great  Okefinokee  Swamp. 

A  line  drawn  from  Augusta  S.AV.  to  Eufaula,  Ala., 
roughly  marks  the  N.W.  limit  of  a  great  tertiary  (eocene; 
tract,  covering  nearly  all  that  part  of  Georgia  which  lies 
S.E,  of  that  line,  except  the  pleistocene  and  alluvion  of 
the  coast.    The  N.W.  portion  of  the  state  is  mainly  based 


GEO 


T258^ 


GEO 


apon  aioio  rock«,  but  there  ii  a  eoncidorable  area  of  the 
w«tae«out  to  tho  U.  of  ColumbuR,  and  a  largo  Silurian  tnust 
la  the  northwe«torn  angle  of  tho  eUte,  crowed  by  nnrrow 
balta  of  the  Devonian,  upon  which  re^t  two  very  sniall  beds 
•f  oMrboDiferoua  strata.  Lookout  Mountivin,  which  cro8«os 
the  extreme  N.W.  corner  of  Georgia,  lying  partly  in  Ten- 
nesfoe  and  partly  in  Alabama,  contains  plenty  of  somi- 
bituminous  ooal  of  excellent  quality.  It  is  chiefly  wrought 
at  Colo  City.  In  this  vicinity,  it  is  confidently  stated,  occurs 
all  the  coal  that  will  over  bo  found  in  Georgia.  Here  also 
is  found  abundance  of  iron  ore, — a  species  of  black-band, 
finely  atl:iptod  for  cosy  smelting.  Gold  has  been  found  in 
most  of  tbo  northern  counties ;  a  branch  United  States  mint, 
at  Dahlonego,  coined  over  $6,000,000  between  1837  and  1861, 
when  it  was  discontinued.  Copper,  silver,  zinc,  and  lead 
ores,  fine  marble,  choice  granite,  limestone,  baryta,  gra- 
phite, and  a  groat  many  other  useful  minerals,  abound,  but 
none,  it  is  believed,  are  at  present  wrought  to  any  great 
extent.  Natural  medicinal  springs,  saline,  chalybeate,  and 
sulphurous,  are  very  numerous.  Interesting  fossil  remains 
of  tho  mylodon,  megatherium,  and  other  gigantic  species 
of  extinct  mammals  occur  in  tho  coast  region.  In  Northern 
and  Central  Georgia  are  a  number  of  remarkable  caves, 
many  very  picturesque  cataracts,  mountains  renowned  for 
their  romantio  and  inspiring  scenery,  and  abundant  relics 
of  prehistoric  times,  such  as  mounds,  fortifications,  places 
of  sepulture,  and  fragments  of  rude  pottery. 

Jiivert  are  numerous,  and  have  afforded  important  means 
of  internal  communication ;  but  the  recent  great  extension 
of  railrotuls  has  remarkably  reduced  the  amount  of  steam- 
boat travel  and  commerce.  The  streams  more  or  less  suited 
for  Btonm  navigation  are  the  Savannah,  the  Ogecchoe  (with 
its  main  tributary  the  Cannouchee),  the  Altamaha  (with  its 
constituents  the  Oconee  and  tho  Ocmulgee),  tho  Satilla,  the 
Bt.  Mary's,  the  Flint,  the  Chattahoochee,  tho  Upper  Coosa, 
and  perhaps  a  few  others.  The  sounds  which  divide  tho 
sea-islands  from  the  mainland  constitute  together  a  safe 
and  landlocked  channel,  well  suited  for  steamboat  commu- 
nication. In  the  highlands,  the  numerous  streams  afford 
abundant  and  unfailing  water-power. 

The  climate  is  as  various  as  the  face  of  the  country  and 
the  soil.  The  mountain-country  in  the  N.  has  cool,  delight- 
ful summer  weather,  while  its  winters  are  mild  and  com- 
fortable. This  region  is  very  healthful.  The  pine  barrens 
of  the  centre  and  S.  are  equally  healthful,  but  warmer,  and 
are  especially  recommended  as  a  winter  resort  for  consump- 
tives. The  coast  region,  and  the  S.  portion  generally,  have 
a  summer  climate  which  is  very  enervating  to  persons  of 
Northern  origin ;  and  people  not  acclim.ated  are  nere  liable 
to  severe  attacks  of  malarial  and  remittent  fever.  The 
coast  towns  are  subject  to  occasional  visitations  of  yellow 
fever.  Snow  falls  not  unfrequently  in  the  northern  and 
central  regions,  but  never  remains  long. 

Agricultural  Resources, — Cotton  and  maize  are  the  lead- 
ing farm-productions.  As  a  rule,  the  cotton-product  of 
Georgia  has  been  well  sustained  in  quantity  since  the  war. 
The  average  annual  yield  per  aero  is  over  145  pounds,  with 
an  average  value  of  between  $13  and  $14.  The  coast- 
iregion  is  well  adapted  to  tho  growth  of  the  high-priced 
-sea-island  cotton.  The  cotton-crop  is  mainly  produced  in 
tho  central,  west  central,  and  southwestern  regions.  Of  late 
years  Georgia  has  wisely  extended  her  area  of  corn-fields ; 
and  tho  increase  in  the  corn-crop  has  reacted  favorably  upon 
the  production  of  wool,  which  has  for  some  time  been  a 
Staple  of  high  value.  Georgia  has  much  fine  grazing-lanJ, 
and  beef-cattle  might  bo  profitably  shipped  in  large  num- 
bers. Wheat  of  fine  quality  i&  raised  in  the  northwei>t,  and 
tho  area  of  its  profitable  culture  might  be  much  extended. 
Tobacco  is  chiefly  produced  in  the  N. ;  rice  and  some  sugar- 
cane are  grown  in  the  S. ;  and  the  former  has  long  been  a 
staple  crop  in  the  lowlands.  Pork  is  fattened  extensively, 
but  is  mainly  employed  for  home  consumption.  Sweet  po- 
tatoes are  a  loading  product.  Fruit-culture,  wine-growing, 
and  market-gardening  are  attracting  attention ;  and  the 
considerable  increase  in  the  manufacturing  population  is 
developing  an  important  homo  demand  for  fruit  and  mar- 
ket-garden products. 

ifanu/aciures. — Georgia  has  taken  a  new  and  important 
departure  in  manufacturing  industry.  Most  interesting 
and  satisfactory  is  tho  record  of  her  progress  in  the  cotton 
manufacture.  Woollen  goods  are  also  manufactured  to  a 
considerable  extent.  For  manufactures  of  this  class  Geor- 
gia offers  especial  advantages  in  her  abund.ant  water-power, 
and  in  the  fact  that  her  cotton  and  wool  are  grown  at  home 
and  the  heavy  cost  of  transportation  is  saved.  Machine- 
•ho]i8,  tubacco-fitctorics,  tanneries,  and  lumber-mills  are 
also  numerous.    The  lumber-business   is  especially  large. 


about  half  tho  area  of  tho  state  being  covered  with  forest. 
Valuable  species  of  pine,  oak,  cedar,  ash,  cypres.',  hickory, 
and  other  timber  trees  abound  ;  and  lirunswiuk,  Darion,  an4 
Savannah  are  scats  of  large  exports  of  tho  forest  products. 
Columbus  and  Augusta  manufacture  cotton  and  woollen 
goods;  and  Athintiv,  the  capital,  has  important  and  varied 
manufacturing  interests. 

Cuuntict. — Georgia  has  137  counties, — Appling,  I'akcr, 
Baldwin,  Banks,  Bartow,  Berrien,  Bibb,  Brooks,  Bryan, 
Bulloch,  Burke,  Butts,  Calhoun,  Camden,  Campbell,  Carroll, 
Catoosa,  Charlton,  Chatham,  Chattahoochee,  Chattooga, 
Cherokee,  Clarke,  Clay,  Clayton,  Clinch,  Cobb,  Coffee,  Co- 
lumbia, Colquitt,  Coweta,  Crawford,  Dade,  Dawson,  De- 
catur, Do  Kalb,  Dodge,  Dooly,  Dougherty,  Douglas,  Karly, 
Echols,  Efl^ingham,  Elbort,"  Emanuel,  Fannin,  Fayette, 
Floyd,  Forsyth,  Franklin,  Fulton,  Gilmer,  Glascock,  Glynn, 
Gordon,  Greene,  Gwinnett,  Habersham,  Hall,  Hancock, 
Haralson,  Harris,  Hart,  Heard,  Henry,  Houston,  Irwin, 
Jackson,  Jasper,  Jefferson,  Johnson,  Jones,  Laurens,  Lee, 
Liberty,  Lincoln,  Lowndes,  Lumpkin,  Macon,  Ma<li8on, 
Marion,  McDuffie,  Mcintosh,  Meriwether,  Jliller,  Miltun, 
Mitchell,  Monroe,  Montgomcrj-,  Morgan,  Murray,  Mus- 
cogee, Newton,  Oconee,  Oglethorpe,  I'aulding,  I'ickens, 
Pierce,  Pike,  Polk,  Pulaski,  Putnam,  Quitman,  Kabun, 
Bandotph,  Richmond,  Rockdale,  Schley,  Screven,  Spalding, 
Stewart,  Sumter,  Talbot,  Taliaferro,  Tatnall,  Taylor,  Telfair, 
Terrell,  Thomas,  Towns,  Troup,  Twiggs,  Union,  Upson, 
Walker,  Walton,  Ware,  Warren,  Washington,  Wayne,  Web- 
ster, White,  Whitfield,  Wilcox,  Wilkes,  Wilkinson,  Worth. 

Citic*  and  Towns. — Of  these  the  principal  are  Atlanta, 
the  capital  and  largest  city,  a  thriving  railroad  centre,  the 
seat  of  extensive  trade  and  manufactures  (pop.  in  1890, 
65,533)  J  Savannah,  the  principal  seaport  and  commercial 
centre  (pop.  43,189);  Augusta,  the  Lowell  of  the  South,  on 
the  Savannah  River  (pop.  33,300);  Macon,  a  commercial 
and  railroad  centre,  on  the  Ocmulgee  (pop.  22,746);  Co- 
lumbus, on  the  Chattahoochee,  a  busy  manufacturing  town 
(pop.  17,303);  Athens,  on  the  Oconee  (pop.  8459).  Other 
places  of  importance  are  Brunswick,  Rome,  Ameiicus, 
Thomasville,  GriflSn,  Marietta,  Milledgeville,  Gainesville, 
kc.  The  principal  seaports  are  Savannah,  Brunswick, 
Darien,  Doboy  Inland,  and  St.  Mary's. 

Jlailroada. — The  railroad  system  of  Georgia  has  been 
laid  out  upon  a  generous  scale,  and  has  received  liberal 
state  aid,  but  has  apparently  been  pushed  of  late  too 
rajiidly  for  public  needs.  The  period  of  commercial  de- 
pression which  began  in  1873  was  an  unfortunate  one  for 
several  important  roads  in  the  state,  and,  while  the  older 
roads  have  been  prosperous,  a  number  of  the  newer  ones 
passed  into  the  hands  of  receivers  to  be  operated  for  the 
benefit  of  creditors,  or  were  seized  by  the  state.  In  1S90 
there  were  in  operation  railways  with  the  aggregate  length 
of  4593  miles. 

/'uinncc*.— In  1888  there  was  a  public  debt  of  $10,449,542, 
largely  incurred  by  ossisting  various  railroads.  A  consid- 
erable part  of  this  debt  is  offset  by  the  market  value  of  cer- 
tain railroads  which  have  been  seized  by  the  governor,  the 
companies  having  failed  to  keep  their  engagements  to  the 
state.  Besides  this  debt,  more  than  ten  million  dollars  in 
claiius  against  the  state  have  been  disallowed. 

Piihlic  Education  is  under  the  supervision  of  a  school 
commissioner  and  a  state  board  of  education,  assisted  by 
county  school  commissioners  and  city  superintcndent.-t. 
Separiite  schools  are  maintained  for  colored  ])U|)ils.  In 
1890  there  were  4593  schools  for  white  and  2228  for  col- 
ored pupils.  The  white  pupils  enrolled  numbered  209,330, 
and  tho  enrollment  of  colored  pupils  was  133,232.  The 
total  expenditure  was  $959,881.  The  state  school  fund 
for  1890  amounted  to  S82fi,fi56.05.  Aid  is  also  afforded 
to  the  cities  by  the  Peabody  fund  and  by  local  taxation. 
The  corner-stone  of  a  normal  and  technological  school  for 
girls  was  laid  at  Milledgeville  in  November,  1890.  There 
are  104  private  high  schools  and  718  private  elementary 
schools.  Athens,  favorably  situated  in  tho  North,  is  the  seat 
of  the  state  university,  with  academic,  technical,  law,  and 
medical  departments,  and  having  a  branch  called  the  State 
Collegeof  Agriculture  and  the  Mechanic  Arts.  AtDahlonega 
is  the  North  Georgia  Agricultural  College,  also  a  state  insti- 
tution, affiliated  with  the  university.  There  is  a  non-sec- 
tarian college  at  Bowdon.  Macon  is  the  seat  of  Mercer  Uni- 
versity (Baptist)  and  Pio  Nono  College  (Catholic).  Emory 
College,  at  Oxford,  is  under  Methodist  supervif^ion.  Atlanta 
has  two  collegiate  institutions, — Clarke  and  Atlanta  Univer- 
sities. Marshall  College,  at  Griffin,  and  the  Masonic  college 
at  Covington,  are  among  the  other  schools  of  this  gnide. 
Theology  is  taught  in  four  institutions,  medicine  in  three,  and 
lawinone.   Twenty-onecolleges  for  ladies  are  reported;  and 


GEO 


1259 


GER 


there  is  an  effective  system  of  Roman  Catliolio  free  parochial 
and  other  schools,  including  a  college  and  several  academies. 
There  is  a  norma!  school  at  Waynesborough.  For  the  colored 
race  several  charitable  and  religious  associations  support 
special  schools.  At  Cave  Spring  is  a  state  institution  for 
deaf-mutes,  at  Macon  an  acndeiuy  for  tho  blind,  and  at 
Midway  a  hospital  for  the  insane. 

History. — Founded  in  1733  by  Oglethorpe  and  other  benev- 
olent Englishmen  as  a  refuge  for  poor  debtors  (at  that  time 
a  grievously-oppressed  class),  Georgia's  early  history  is  one 
of  much  interest.  Savannah  was  founded  in  1733.  White- 
field  established  an  orphan  asj-lum  at  Bethesda,  and  he, 
with  tho  Wesleys,  did  much  to  forward  the  young  colony. 
Prominent  events  have  been  the  Spanish  war,  1739-42; 
the  surrender  of  the  colonial  charter,  1752;  the  establish- 
ment of  the  general  assembly,  1755;  and  the  definition  of 
the  southern  boundary,  1703,  which  was  followed  by  a 
■  .period  of  remarkable  prosperity.  Nevertheless,  Georgia 
h  warmly  espoused  the  cause  of  her  northern  sister-provinces 
in  the  Revolutionary  war.  In  1778,  Savannah  was  taken 
[iby  the  British.  The  first  state  constitution  was  adopted  in 
1777.  Indian  wars  followed  in  the  W.,  but  in  1802  theCreeks 
ceded  to  the  whites  their  valuable  lands  in  the  present  S.AV. 
of  the  State.  In  1798,  Mississippi  Territory  was  set  off 
i  .from  Georgia,  which  up  to  that  time  had  been  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  the  Mississippi  River.  In  1802,  Georgia  ceded 
5all  her  remaining  lands  in  tho  present  states  of  Missis- 
■  sippi  and  Alabama  to  Mississippi  Territory,  and  in  1804 
^,Bhe  received  from  the  United  States  a  strip  12  miles  wide 
along  her  present  northern  boundary,  since  which  time  her 
I  limits  have  remained  unchanged.  (Tho  territory  received 
in  1804  had  belonged  to  South  Carolina  until  1787.)  In 
1838  the  Chorokees  were  removed  from  tho  state.  From 
this  time  Georgia  prospered  greatly,  and  merited  her  title 
of  tho  Empire  State  of  the  South.  In  ISO  I  she  passed  the 
ordinance  of  secession,  and  in  the  war  which  followed  she 
bore  her  full  share  of  suffering.  A  new  constitution  was 
adopted  in  1805;  but  in  1807  this  constitution,  with  the 
entire  state  government,  was  set  aside  by  Congress.  In 
1868  anoHier  constitution  was  adopted,  and  Georgia  was  re- 
admitted to  tho  Union  ;  but  on  the  failure  of  the  state  to 
ratify  tho  Fifteenth  Amendment  of  the  United  States  Con- 
stitution, her  members  of  Congress  were  again  unseated, 
and  a  military  rule  was  re-established,  which  lasted  until 
the  Fifteenth  Amendment  was  endorsed  by  the  state  legis- 
lature. After  a  short  period  of  misrule  and  political  un- 
rest, the  state  seems  to  have  entered  upon  a  new  career  of 
prosperity  and  social  advancement. 

Government, — The  first  state  constitution  was  adopted 
in  1777,  another  in  1785,  a  third  in  1865,  and  the  one  at 
present  in  force  was  framed  in  1808.  The  governor  is  chosen 
for  a  term  of  four  years.  There  is  a  senate  of  44,  elected 
for  four  years,  one-half  of  the  members  being  chosen  every 
two  years.  The  members  of  the  house  of  representatives 
are  168  in  number,  chosen  for  2  years,  and  the  legislature 
is  called  the  General  Assembly.  The  principal  judicial 
ofiicers  are  appointed  by  the  governor,  and  most  of  the 
state  executive  officers  are  chosen  by  the  General  Assembly. 
The  state  has  eleven  representatives  in  the  lower  house  of 
Congress. 

Pop.  in  1775,  75,000;  in  1790,  82,548;  in  1800.  162,686; 
in  1810.252,433;  in  1820,  340,985;  in  1830,  516,283;  in 
1840,  691,392:  in  1850,  906,185;  in  1860,  1,057.280;  in 
1870,  1,184,109:  in  1880,  1,542,180;  in  1890,  1,837,353. 

Georgtia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Ohio  <k  Mississippi  Railroad,  60  miles  E.  of  Yincennes. 

Georgia,  a  township  of  Jasper  co..  Mo.     Pop.  948. 

Georgia,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  in  Georgia 
township,  7  miles  S.  by  AV.  of  St.  Alb.ans.  It  has  3  churches 
and  an  academy.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by 
Lake  Champlain,  and  is  intersected  by  tho  Central  Vermont 
Railroad.     Pop.  1603. 

Georgia,  New,  an  island  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  one  of 
the  Solomon  Islands,  E.  of  Papua. 

Georgia  City,  a  post-village  of  Jasper  co.,  Mo.,  is 
near  Spring  River,  and  on  the  Joplin  Railroad,  14  miles 
N.W.  of  Joplin  City,  and  8  miles  N.W.  of  Oronogo. 

Georgia,  Gulf  of.    See  Gulp  op  Georgia. 

Georgian'a,  a  post-village  of  Butler  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Mobile  A  Montgomery  Railroad,  60  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Mont- 
gomery.    It  has  2  churches,  .an  academy,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Georgiana,  township,  Sacramento  co.,  Cal.    Pop.  1056. 

Georgiana,  a  post-office  of  Brevard  co.,  Fla.,  on  Indian 
River. 

Geor'giaa  Bay,  Canada,  is  the  northeastern  part  of 
Lake  Huron.  It  is  partly  separated  from  the  main  body 
•f  that  lake  by  a  peninsula  called  Cabot's  Head  and  by 


Great  Manitoulin  Island.  It  is  aboat  110  miles  long  and 
50  miles  wide. 

Georgia  Pass,  Colorado,  a  pass  of  tho  main  range 
of  the  Rocky  Mountains.  Elevation,  11,487  feet.  Lat.  39" 
28'  N. ;  Ion.  105°  55'  W.   The  grades  are  easy  on  both  sides. 

Georgia  Plain,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Vt. 

Geor'giaville,  a  post-village  in  Smithfield  township. 
Providence  co.,  R.I.,  on  the  Providence  &  Springfield  Rail- 
road, 9  miles  N.W.  of  Providence.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
graded  school,  and  2  manufactories  of  cotton  print  cloth. 
Pop.  608. 

Georgievsk,  or  Gheorghicvsk,  gi-oR-ghe-5vsk',  a 
town  of  Russia,  government  of  Terek,  near  an  affluent  of 
the  Kooma  (Kuma),  90  miles  S.E.  of  Stavropol.    Poj).  3345. 

Georgievskoe,  gi-oR-ghe-6v'sko-4,  a  village  of  Rus- 
sia, 120  miles  N.W.  of  Viatka,  on  the  Kama. 

Georgi'na,  or  Sut'toii,  a  post-village  in  York  co., 
Ontario,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Newmarket.  It  contains  sev- 
eral stores  and  hotels.     Pop.  300. 

Georgswalde,  gi'oRg3-*ird§h,  a  town  of  Bohemia, 
64  miles  N.  of  Prague.     Pop.  5671. 

Geppersdorf,  ghip'p^rs-doRr,  a  village  of  Austria,  in 
Moravia,  circle  of  Olmutz.     Pop.  1040. 

Geppersdorf,  a  village  of  Austrian  Silesia,  circle  o' 
Tronpau.     Pop.  342. 

Gepp'ville,  a  post-office  of  Jay  co.,  Ind. 

Ger,  zhaiR,  the  name  of  several  villages  of  France,  the 
principal  of  which  is  in  Manche,  8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mortain, 
with  a  pop.  of  410. 

Gera,  gi'ri,  a  river  of  Central  Germany,  flows  north- 
ward, and,  after  a  course  of  about  38  miles,  joins  the  Un- 
strut  12  miles  N.  of  Erfurt. 

Gera,  a  town  of  Germany,  chief  town  of  Reuss-Schleitz, 
on  the  White  Elster,  35  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Leipsio.  It  is  con- 
nected by  railway  with  the  principal  cities  of  Germany, 
is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  several  churches  and  hospitals, 
an  orphan  asylum,  a  richly-endowed  gymnasium,  a  public 
library,  museums,  and  normal  and  other  scliools.  It  manu- 
factures woollen  and  cotton  fabrics,  leather,  hats,  tobacco, 
porcelain,  colors,  earthenware,  and  carriages,  and  has  dye- 
works,  breweries,  and  brick-kilns.  In  its  neighborhood  ar« 
well-frequented  public  baths.     Pop.  in  1885,  34,078. 

Gerace,  j4-r&'ch4  (ane.  Lo'cri),  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  34  miles  (60  miles  by  rail)  N.E.  of  Reggio  di  Cala- 
bria.    Pop.  7257.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Geraci,  ji-ri'chee,  a  town  of  Sicily,  in  the  Val  Dimons, 
16  miles  S.S.B.  of  Cefaia.     Pop.  3382. 

Ger'aldton,  a  seaport  of  West  Australia,  near  Cham- 
pion Bay,  226  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Perth.  Lead  and  copper 
are  mined  near  it.     Pop.,  with  surrounding  district,  2943. 

G6rard"de-Il.y8,  zhiVaR'-de-reece,  an  island  in  tho 
Pacific  Ocean,  lat.  3°  10'  S.,  Ion.  148°  10'  E.,  40  miles  long, 
and  inhabited  by  Papuan  negroes. 

Gerardmer,  zhiVaRdhuaiR',  or  G6rom6,  zhi'ro^mi', 
a  village  of  France,  in  Yosges,  between  Lakes  Gerardmer, 
Longemer,  and  Retournemer,  18  miles  S.  of  Saint-Di6. 
Pop.  2331. 

Ger'ardstown,orGer'rard8town,apost-villageof 
Berkeley  co.,  W.  Va.,  10  miles  from  Martinsburg.  It  has  4 
churches  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  of  the  township,  2549. 

Gerasa,  je-ri'sa,  or  Jerash,  je-rish',  written  also 
Djerash,  a  ruined  city  of  Syria,  in  ancient  Decapolis,  80 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Damascus,  on  the  opposite  slopes  of  two 
hills,  2000  feet  above  tho  level  of  the  sea.  Lat.  32°  20'  N. ; 
Ion.  36°  3'  E.  The  ruins  of  this  city  have  been  compared 
to  those  of  Baalbeo  and  Palmyra.  Gerasa  was  built  by  tbo 
Romans  after  their  conquests  in  the  East,  taken  by  storm 
by  Alexander  Jannaeus,  burned  by  the  Jews  in  their  vcn- 
geanoo  on  the  Syrians  for  the  massacre  of  their  brethren  at 
Cajsarea,  taken  by  Annius.  a  general  under  Vespasian,  who 
burned  what  remained  of  it,  and  in  1122  its  castle  was  de- 
stroyed by  B.aldwin  II.  of  Jerusalem.  Another  Gerasa  stood 
on  the  E.  of  the  Lake  of  Galilee,  opposite  Magdala. 

Gerau,  a  town  of  Hesse.     See  Gross  Gerad. 

Gerba,  or  Gerbi,  Africa.    See  Jerba. 

Gerberoy,  zh^R'b^h-rwi',  an  ancient  town  of  France, 
in  Oise,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Beauvais.     Pop.  316. 

Gerb6viller,  zhdu'biH-eo'yaiR',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Meurthe-et-Moselle,  6  miles  S.  of  Lun6ville.     Pop.  1914. 

Gerbicr-des- Jones,  zh6R>be-4'-d4-zhA>-o',  one  of  tho 
Ccvcnnes  Mountains,  in  France,  department  of  ArdecLe, 
18  miles  W.N.W.  of  Privas.     Height,  5125  feet. 

Gerbstodt,  or  Gerbstiidt,  ghjRb'stdtt,  a  town  of 
Prussian  Sa.xony,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Merseburg.    Pop.  295.S. 

Gerdauen,  gh5u'd6w-^n,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  30 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Insterburg.     Pop.  2864.  ' 

Gere,  gheer,  a  post-office  of  Barton  co.,  Kansas,    'i 


OER 


1260 


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ticrcmoabOy  ih&-r&-ino-&'bo,  a  to\Tn  of  Braiil,  in  tho 
Interior  of  tho  province  of  Ilahia.     Pop.  3000. 

iicreuzano,  j4-rdn-»&'no,  a  village  of  Korthern  Italy, 
15  milM  N.W.  of  Milan.     Pop.  1755. 

GcrcZf  Serra  de.    Soo  Sbrra  db  Obrez. 

Gergal,  BtR-g&l',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  IS 
^ilM  N.  of  Alineria.     Pop.  3681. 

Ctorgeiy  jAR-j&'ee,  a  village  on  tho  island  of  Sardinia, 
ti  miles  N.  of  Cagliari,     Pop.  1960. 

GerKen,  ghiiOghftn',  a  small  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
n  the  Kiiphnitcs.     Lat.  37°  56'  30"  N. ;  Ion.  39°  11'  E. 

(•crgeiiti,  a  city  of  Sicily.    See  Oiiiqe.nti, 

ticrgesdorf*  Transylvania.    See  Gyor-Falva. 

Gcridch,  ghflh'reeM^h  (ano.  Cra'tia  f  or  Fluviop'olU  f), 
A  town  of  Asia  Minor,  32  milca  E.  of  Boli. 

GcrindotOy  ii&-roon-do't&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New 
Castile,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  1173. 

Gcringswaldei  gi'rings-^&rd^b,  a  town  of  Saxony, 
30  miles  S.E.  of  Leipsic.     Pop.  2850. 

CaCrk,  ghink,  a  village  of  Austro-IIungary,  in  Slavonia, 
near  the  conHuenoo  of  the  Bossut  and  Save.     Pop.  1680. 

Gerki,  ghiR'kee,  a  town  of  the  Soocatoo  country,  Africa, 
about  50  iiiiios  N.E.  of  Kano. 

Gerinchsheim,  ghdR'lflKg-hlme^  a  village  of  Oer- 
mnny,  in  IJadcn,  13  miles  E.S.E.  of  Wertheim.     Pop.  1039. 

Gcrlachsheim,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  gov- 
ernment and  W.S.W.  of  Liegnitz. 

Gerlachsheim  Gerlingen  (ghdn'ling-^n),  a  village 
of  'WUrtcmberg,  3  miles  E.  of  Leonberg.     Pop.  1850. 

Gerlaw,  gher'law,  a  post-hamlot  of  Warren  co.,  111.,  on 
the  Rockford,  Rock  Island  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  6  miles  N. 
of  Monmouth.     It  has  a  church  and  10  houses. 

Gerina,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Yerma. 

Germaf  gh6R'm&,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Eczzan,  50  miles 
N.W.  of  Moorzook. 

German.    See  Oermant. 

German,  jer'man,  a  township  of  Bartholomew  oo.,  Ind. 
Pop.  1302.     It  contains  Taylorsvillo. 

German,  a  township  of  Marshall  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  2233. 
It  contains  Bremen. 

German,  a  township  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Michigan  line.     Pop.  551. 

German,  a  township  of  Vandorburg  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
1683.     It  contains  St.  Joseph. 

German,  a  township  of  Grundy  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  930. 

German,  a  township  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1532. 

German,  a  township  of  Bollinger  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1117. 

German,  a  township  of  Madison  co..  Mo.     Pop.  868. 

German,  a  post-township  of  Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
25  miles  N.  of  Binghamton.     Pop.  666. 

German,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  0.  Pop.  l'I62.  It 
contains  AUentown  and  Elida. 

German,  a  township  of  Auglaize  co.,  0.  Pop.  1750. 
It  contains  New  Bremen  and  Ober-Brcmen, 

German,  a  township  of  Clark  co.,  0.  Pop.  1918.  It 
contains  Fremont  and  Noblesville. 

German,  a  post-township  of  Darke  co.,  0.  Pop.  1743. 
It  contains  Palestine,  at  which  is  German  Post-OBice. 

German,  a  township  of  Fulton  co.,  0.  Pop.  2479.  It 
contains  the  village  of  Archbold. 

German,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  0.  Pop.  1227. 
It  contains  Cadiz  Junction,  Miller's  Station,  and  New  Jef- 
ferson. 

German,  a  township  of  Holmes  co.,  0.    Pop.  1408. 

German,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,0.    Pop.3197. 

German,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  Pa.,  washed  on 
the  \Y.  by  the  river  Monongahela.    Pop.  1911. 

German,  a  post-oflSce  of  Braxton  co.,  W.  Va. 

German  Flats,  a  township  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y. 
Pop.  7402.     It  contains  Ilion  and  Mohawk. 

Germania,  the  Latin  name  of  Germant. 

Germa'nia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calhoun  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Bel  ma,  Rome  &  Dalton  Railroad.     It  has  a  tannery. 

Germania,  a  post-oflice  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas. 

Germania,  a  post-office  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mich. 

Germania,  a  hamlet  of  Atlantic  co.,  N.J.,  in  Galloway 
township,  5i  miles  from  Egg  Harbor  City.  Wine  is  made 
here. 

Germania,  a  post-village  of  Potter  co..  Pa.,  about  40 
miles  N.  of  Lock  llaven.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery, 
and  2  steam  saw-mills. 

Germania,  a  post-village  of  Marquette  co..  Wis.,  in 
Shields  township,  7  miles  W.  of  Princeton.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  money-order  post-office,  and  manufactures  of 
fiour,  wagons,  Ac. 

Germanic  Confederation.    See  Oermant. 

Gcrmauicia,  the  ancient  name  of  Marash. 


Germanicum  IVIare  and  Gurmanicua  Oceannt^ 

anricnt  iiiiuic!i  of  tlio  Noiith  Ska. 

German  Mills,  a  village  in  Waterloo  co.,  Ontario,  % 
miles  S.E.  of  Berlin.     Pop.  100. 

Gcrmano,  Harrison  co.,  0.    See  New  Jefferso:! 

German  Ocean.    See  North  Sea. 

Gcr'mansville,  a  hamlet  in  Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Berks  &  Lehigh  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Slutingtun, 
and  36  miles  N.N.E.  of  Reading.  It  has  a  ohurch  and  a 
planing-mill. 

Ger'manton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stokes  co.,  N.C.,  13 
miles  N.of  Winston.    It  has  a  church  and  a  tobacco-fuutory. 

Ger'mantown,  a  hamlet  of  Conway  co.,  Ark.,  on  the 
Little  Rock  &  Fort  Smith  Railroad,  55  miles  N.W.  of  Little 
Rock. 

Germantown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Colusa  oo.,  Cal.,  34 
miles  from  Williams. 

Germantown,  a  hamlet  of  Camden  oo.,  Qa.,  on  St. 
Mary's  River,  22  miles  N.  of  Callahan,  Fla.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Germantown,  a  station  on  the  Cherokee  Railroad,  a 
few  miles  E.  of  Rockmart,  Ga.  i 

Germantown,  Clinton  co..  111.    See  Hanoter.         > 

Germantown,  township,  Livingston  co..  111.  Pop.  369. 

Germantown,  a  hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  on  Fall 
Creek,  about  18  miles  N.E.  of  Indianapolis. 

Germantown,  a  village  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.  See  East 
Germantown. 

Germantown,  a  post-hamlot  of  Smith  co.,  Kansas, 
65  miles  S.  of  Kearney  Junction,  Neb. 

Germantown,  a  post-village  of  Bracken  and  Mason 
COS.,  Ky.,  12  miles  AV.  by  S.  of  Maysville.  It  has  6  churches 
and  an  active  trade  in  tobacco.     Pop.  351. 

Germantown, a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Metropolitan  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Rail- 
road, 27  miles  N.W.  of  Washington.     It  has  2  warehouses. 

Germantown,  a  township  of  Cottonwood  co.,  Minn. 
Pop.  100. 

Germantown,  a  hamlet  of  Henry  oo..  Mo.,  about  55 
miles  S.W.  of  Sedalia.  • 

GermantoAvn,  a  post-office  of  Soward  co.,  Neb.,  on 
the  Nebraska  Railroad,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Lincoln. 

Germantown,  a  post- village  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Germantown  township,  on  the  Hudson  River,  and  on  the 
Hudson  River  Railroad,  10  miles  below  Hudson.  It  has  3 
churches.     Pop.  of  tho  township,  1445. 

Germantown,  Stokes  co.,  N.C.    See  Germaxtox. 

Germantown,  a  post-village  in  German  township, 
Montgomery  co.,  0.,  on  Twin  Creek,  and  in  a  beautiful  and 
fertile  valley,  about  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Dayton,  and  40 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  4  or  5  churches,  a 
national  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  several  flour-mills,  and 
manufactures  of  ploughs,  whisky,  cigars,  Ac.     Pop.  1440. 

Germantown,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  0.,  6  miles 
E.  of  Lower  Salem.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Germantown,  Pennsylvania,  a  northern  suburb  of 
Philadelphia,  is  on  the  Germantown  and  Chestnut  Hill 
Branches  of  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading  and  Pennsylvania 
Railroads,  7  and  8  miles  from  their  respective  initial  sta- 
tions at  Philadelphia.  It  is  in  the  22d  ward  of  the  city,  and 
pleasantly  situated  on  high  ground,  the  surface  of  which 
is  agreeably  diversified.  It  contains  numerous  churches 
and  elegant  mansions  and  villas.  Many  merchants  and 
opulent  citizens  of  Philadelphia  have  here  residences  sur- 
rounded by  spacious  gardens,  lawns,  and  open  areas.  Four 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Germantown  has  a 
Catholic  day  college,  a  Vincentian  seminary,  private  schools 
of  a  high  order,  several  libraries,  a  national  bank,  a  savings- 
bank,  and  important  manufactures  of  cottons  and  woollens. 
The  places  of  business  are  mostly  on  Main  Street  (or  Ger- 
mantown Avenue),  which  is  3  or  4  miles  long. 

Germantown,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn., 
near  Wolf  River,  and  15  miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Memphis. 
It  has  3  churches  and  a  cotton-gin  factory.     Pop.  2t)8. 

Germantown,  a  village  of  Bath  co..  Va.,  i  mile  from 
the  Warm  Springs,  and  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Millborough 
Depot.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  300.  ' 

Germantown,  a  hamlet  of  Fairfax  co.,  Va.,  2  miles 
N.W.  of  Fairfax  Court-House. 

Germantown,  a  post-hamlet  in  Germantown  town- 
ship, Juneau  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  Wisconsin  River,  about  38 
miles  N.W.  of  Portage  City.     Pop.  of  the  township,  712. 

Germantown,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Wis. 
Pop.  1985.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Northwestern  Union  and 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroads.  Germantown 
Station  on  the  latter  road  is  at  South  Germantown,  20  mile« 
N.W.  of  Milwaukee. 


d 


GER 


12C1 


GER 


Germantown  Junction,  a  station  within  the  limits 
of  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  on  the  New  York  division  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Philadelphia 
»nd  New  York  division  of  the  Reading  Railroad,  6i  miles 
from  Broad  Street  Station,  On  the  last-mentioned  road  it 
is  called  Sixteenth  Street.  It  is  also  at  the  junction  of  the 
Germantown  &  Chestnut  Hill  and  Norristown  Rranches  of 
the  Reading  Railroad. 

German  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Morris  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  High  Bridge  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Chester  Branch,  5  miles  \V.  of  Chester,  and  11  miles  N.E. 
of  High  Bridge.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  hub-factory. 
Pop.  about  300. 

(•cr'inanviile,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Iowa, 
in  Walnut  township,  about  42  miles  W.N.W.  of  Burlington, 
and  1  mile  W.  of  the  Skunk  River.     It  has  3  churches. 

Gcr'inany,  or  German  Empire  (L.  Gemia'iu'a ; 
Ger.  Deulechland,  doitch'lint;  Fr.  Allemnrjne,  iirmifi'; 
Sp.  Alemania,  i-li-mi'ne-i),  an  empire  of  Central  Europe, 
comprising  26  states,  in  which  the  German  race  and  lan- 
guage prevail,  between  hit.  45°  and  55°  30'  N.,  Ion.  6°  and 
22°  50'  E.  It  is  bounded  N.  by  the  North  Sea,  Denmark^ 
and  the  Baltic,  E.  by  Russia  and  Austria,  W.  by  France, 
Belgium,  and  the  Netherlands,  and  S.  by  Austria  and 
Switzerland.  The  German  empire  comprises  the  following 
states : 


States  of  the  Empire. 


rruRsin 

Bavaria 

Wllrtemberg 

Saxon V 

DailtMi" 

Mecklenburg-Schwerin 

Hesse 

OKlenburg 

liriinswick , 

Saxo-Weimar-Eisenach 

Jleckleiibiirg-Strelitz 

Saxe-lMeiniiigen-lIildbnrghausen. 

Aiihiilt 

Saxe-Coburg-Gotha 

Saxe-Altouburg _ 

Wul.leck 

T'll'I'o 

Siliwarzburg-lliidolstadt 

Scliwai-zburg-SonJersbausen 

Keuss-Schleitz 

Scliuiimburg-Lippe , 

TJeuss-Greitz 

Hamburg 

Titibeck 

Bremen 

Alsace-Lorraine « 


Total 208,434 


Area, 
English 
81).  miles. 


134, 

29. 
7. 
6, 
6 
6. 
2. 
2, 
1, 
1. 
1. 


Pop.  1 890. 


29,9.-,<),:i88 

5,.58.',:W-2 

2,0:io,4l;{ 

3,5(iO,.tI3 

l.CaO.SlT 

678,r>(,.'j 

993,iio!) 

354,908 

4l)i,78H 

32(i,l'9l 

97,978 

22:i,H:!2 

271,769 

206,.ol3 

179,804 

57, 2s:! 

128,414 

85,8(13 

75,610 

119,811 

39,103 

G2,754 

622,530 

70,485 

180,443 

1,003, 9s7 


49,421,803 


The  constitution  of  the  empire  bears  date  April  16,  1871. 
By  its  terms  the  states  of  Germany  "  form  an  eternal  union 
for  the  protection  of  the  realm  and  the  care  of  the  welfare 
of  the  German  people."  The  supreme  direction  of  the  mili- 
tary and  political  affairs  of  the  empire  is  vested  in  the  King 
of  Prussia,  who,  as  such,  bears  the  title  of  "Deutscher 
Kaiser,"  or  German  Emperor.  According  to  the  constitu- 
tion, tlio  "Kaiser  represents  the  empire  internationally," 
and  can  declare  war,  if  defensive,  and  make  peace,  as  well 
as  enter  into  treaties  with  other  nations,  and  appoint  and 
receive  ambassadors.  To  declare  war,  if  not  merely  de- 
fensive, the  Kaiser  must  have  the  consent  of  the  Biindes- 
rath,  or  Federal  Council,  in  which  body,  together  with  the 
Reichstag,  or  Diet  of  the  Realm,  are  vested  the  legislative 
functions  of  the  empire.  The  Bundcsrath  represents  the  in- 
dividu.xl  states  of  Germany,  and  the  Reichstag  the  German 
nation.  The  members  of  the  Bundesrath,  59  in  number, 
are  appointed  by  the  governments  of  the  individual  states 
for  each  session ;  those  of  the  Reichstag,  397  in  number, 
are  elected  by  universal  suffrage  and  ballot  for  the  term  of 
three  years.  The  states  are  represented  in  both  bodies 
proportionately  to  their  population. 

The  army  of  tfie  empire  numbers  (1892)  491,217  men  on 
the  peace  footing,  and  about  2,650,000  men  on  the  war  foot- 
ing. The  navy  comprises  (1891)  77  war-vessels,  bearing 
611  guns,  fhe  estimated  expenditures  of  the  empire  for 
the  year  ending  March  31,  1888,  were  746,888,121  marks 
(about  $177,759,372),  of  which  578,551,945  marks  wore  ex- 
pected to  be  derived  from  customs  and  excise  duties,  stamps, 
posts,  telegraphs,  railways,  interests,  etc.,  and  168,336,177 
ma»ks  from  contributions  of  the  individual  States. 


Germany  is  divided  naturally  into  three  regions, — th« 
upper  or  S.  region,  the  middle  or  the  region  of  plateaus, 
and  the  lower  or  N.  region.  The  slopes  of  the  Alps,  which 
cover  the  whole  of  the  S.  part,  comprise  five  principal 
groups,  the  chief  ramifications  of  which  follow  the  course 
of  the  Inn  on  the  N.,  and  branch  out  to  the  Bavarian  Alps 
and  the  mountains  of  Vorarlberg,  extending  W.  to  the  Lake 
of  Constance  and  the  Schwarzwald,  near  the  source  of  the 
Danube.  The  chain  of  the  Carpathians  begins  at  the  mouth 
of  the  March  in  the  Danube,  and  extends  to  the  source  of 
the  Vistula,  forming  the  S.E.  confines  of  Germany.  On  the 
W.  of  Germany,  and  at  the  extremity  of  the  Alpine  range, 
which  passes  between  the  Danube  and  the  Lake  of  Con- 
stance, a  chain  of  heights  extends  N.  to  the  plain  of  AVcst- 
phalia,  separating  the  basin  of  the  Rhine  from  that  of  the 
other  affluents  of  the  North  Sea.  Its  principal  masses  are 
the  Schwarzwald  (Black  Forest),  between  the  valleys  of  the 
Rhine  and  Neckar,  the  Odenwald,  the  Rhiin-Gebirge,  tlio 
Vogelsberg,  the  Taunus,  and  the  Wcsterwald.  On  the  S. 
of  the  Rhine  the  chief  mountains  are  the  Hardt  and  Hoho- 
wald.  The  Fichtel-Gebirge,  in  the  N.  of  Bavaria,  separate 
the  basins  of  the  affluents  of  the  North  Sea  and  the  Black 
Sea,  and  form  the  nucleus  of  the  Erz-Gebirgo,  the  Bohmer- 
wald,  the  German  Jura,  and  the  Thiiringerwald.  The  whole 
of  the  country  comprised  between  the  mountains  on  the  S. 
and  the  North  Sea  and  Denmark  on  the  N.  forms  part  of 
the  great  plain  of  Northern  Europe,  and  is  traversed  by 
large  rivers,  extending  W.  to  the  Netherlands  and  E.  to 
Russia.  The  N.E.  part,  between  Denmark  and  Russia,  is 
bathed  by  the  Baltic  and  its  branches,  the  Little  Belt  and 
Kiel  Bay.  Its  principal  gulfs  are  the  Curische-IIaff,  formed 
by  the  estuary  of  the  Niemen,  the  Gulf  of  Dantzic,  with 
the  Frische-IIaff;  also  the  Grosses-  and  Kleines-Haff  and 
the  NeustUdter  Bay,  or  Gulf  of  LUbeck.  On  this  coast  are 
the  three  principal  islands  of  Germany, — Riigen,  Uscdom, 
and  Femern. 

The  waters  of  Germany  flow  N.  to  the  North  Sea  and  the 
Baltic,  S.  to  the  Adriatic,  and  E.  to  tho  Black  Sea.  Its 
principal  rivers,  in  the  basin  of  the  North  Sen,  are  the 
Rhine,  with  its  affluents  the  Neckar,  Main,  Rednitz,  Lahn, 
Sieg,  Ruhr,  and  Lippe  on  the  right,  and  the  Nahe,  Moselle, 
Sarre,  and  Sure  on  the  left;  the  Ems,  Weser,  Werra,  Fulda, 
and  Elbe,  with  its  affluents  the  Moldau,  Eger,  Muldc,  and 
Saale  on  the  left,  and  the  Is.a,  Alster,  and  Havel  on  the 
right;  in  the  basin  of  the  Baltic,  the  Oder,  with  its  affluents 
the  Oppa,  Neisse,  and  Katzbach  on  the  left,  and  the  Bartsch, 
Warta,  and  Ihna  on  the  right;  and  in  the  basin  of  the 
Black  Sea,  tho  Danube,  with  its  affluents  the  Illcr,  Lech, 
Isar,  Inn,  Traun,  and  Ens  on  the  right,  and  the  Wernitz, 
Altmilhl,  Naab,  and  Rcgen  on  the  left.  The  chief  canals 
are  the  Plauen,  connecting  the  Elbe  and  the  Oder  by  means 
of  the  Havel  River;  tho  Finow  Canal,  between  the  Havel 
and  the  Oder;  the  Frederick  William  Canal,  between  the 
Oder  and  the  Spree ;  the  Eider  Canal,  connecting  the  Baltio 
and  tho  North  Sea;  and  the  Ludwigs  Canal,  between  tho 
Rhine  and  the  Danube. 

The  lakes  of  Germany  belong  to  the  Alpine  regions  in 
the  basins  of  the  Rhine  and  Danube  on  the  S.,  and  to  the 
plain  of  the  Baltic  on  the  N.  There  are  few  in  the  centre. 
The  principal  are  in  the  south,  such  as  the  Lake  of  Con- 
stiince,  Chiem-See,  WUrm-See,  Ammer-Sce,  Mond-Scc,  and 
Traun-See.  These  are  generally  deep  basins,  surrounded 
by  mountains,  as  in  Switzerland.  The  lakes  of  Northern 
Germany  are  of  quite  an  opposite  character,  being  shallow 
marshes  in  the  nearly  level  plains.  The  chief  of  these  are 
the  Eutiner-See  and  Ploncr-Scc,  in  Holstein ;  the  Mal- 
chiner-See,  Plaucn-See,  and  Schwerin-See,  in  Mecklen- 
burg ;  the  Ruppiner-See  and  Ucker-See,  in  the  Mark ;  and 
the  Madiie-See  and  Vilmcr-Sce,  in  Pomerania. 

The  climate  of  Germany  is  in  general  temperate  and 
healthy,  but  varies  greatly  in  different  divisions.  Southern 
Germany,  notwithstanding  the  heat  of  its  valleys,  is,  on 
account  of  its  elevation,  proportionally  colder  than  the  more 
N.  basins  of  the  Rhine,  Main,  Neckar,  Moselle,  and  Dan- 
ube. Farther  N.  the  mountains  of  Central  Germany  sep- 
arate the  climates  of  the  S.  and  N.  In  Southern  Germany 
the  winters  are  short,  and  so  mild  that  the  snow  lies  onlj'  a 
few  days ;  summer  sets  in  early,  and  the  heat  in  the  valleys 
is  often  excessive;  and  here  maize,  the  chestnut,  and  the 
vine  flourish.  In  the  N.W.  the  cold  of  the  long  winters  is 
so  severe  that  the  rivers  and  lakes  are  for  months  together 
covered  with  ice  strong  enough  to  bear  loaded  wagons,  and 
the  ground  is  for  three  or  four  months  covered  with  deep 
snow.  The  rainfall  over  Germany  averages  30  inches ;  ia 
summer  it  is  more  than  double  that  of  winter.  The  prevail- 
ing  winds  are  AV.  and  N.W. 

The  minerals  of  the  country  are  extensive  and  rarieda 


OER 


1262 


OER 


Aold  and  gilver  are  found  In  Saxony  and  the  Han,  and 
other  parta  produce  iron,  copper,  tin,  lead,  mercury,  bis- 
muth, line,  arsenic,  cobalt,  and  antimony ;  all  kindi  of  build- 
ing>8tono,  and  the  finest  lithographic  stones,  marble,  porce- 
lain clay,  coal,  and  turf  occur,  bull  abounds  in  minos,  and 
(hero  are  ninny  medicinal  and  wiirm  luinural  springs. 

The  regctuble  products  comprise  nil  kinds  of  cereals,  the 
ehiof  of  which,  in  the  N.,  nre  wheat,  rye,  barley,  oats,  nnd 
Mpocially  buckwheat;  in  the  S.,  spelt  and  maito,  garden- 
products  of  all  kinds,  nnd  potatoes.  The  principal  plants 
used  in  manufactures  are  flax  in  Prussia,  Saxony,  and  the 
Ktates  of  Central  Germany;  hemp  chiefly  iu  Southern  Ger- 
many. Tubaceo,  hops,  rape-sood,  poppy,  madder,  saffron, 
aniso-scod,  and  liquorice  nre  produced;  the  cultivation  of 
beets  for  the  manufacture  of  sugar  has  been  lately  much 
extended.  Fruit  trees  comprise  the  apple,  pear,  chestnut, 
almond,  walnut,  and  apricot.  The  vine,  first  introduced  by 
the  Romans,  is  cultivated  as  far  as  51°  N.,  but  chiefly  in  the 
valleys  of  the  Middle  Uhinc,  Moselle,  iNeckar,  and  Main. 
Timber  is  very  extensively  distributed,  especially  in  the 
N.E.,  not  only  on  the  mountains — from  the  wooded  charac- 
ter of  which  the  word  "  Wald"  (wood)  is  often  nsed  for 
mountain — but  also  in  the  plains.  The  pino  prevails  in  the 
£.,  the  oak  and  beech  are  most  common  in  the  W. 

Germany  is  abundantly  provided  with  nil  the  useful  do- 
mestic animals,  particularly  horned  cattle,  horses,  sheep, 
and  pigs;  asses  and  mules  are  not  numerous.  Among  wild 
animals  are  the  bear,  the  chamois,  and  the  marmot  in  the 
Alps ;  the  wolf  is  sometimes  mot  with  in  the  valley  of  the 
Khine,  the  hamster  in  the  llarz,  and  the  lynx,  fox,  martin, 
and  weasel  generally.  Tho  eagle  and  vulture  are  found 
chiefly  in  the  Alps.  Fish  in  the  rivers  comprise  carp,  pike, 
porch,  eels,  and  trout.  Bees  aro  kept  in  the  meadows  of  tho 
N.    The  silk-worm  is  reared  in  the  south. 

Tho  inhabitants  of  Germany  aro  chiefly  of  tho  Teutonic 
race,  tho  natives  of  parts  of  Saxony  and  Prussia  being  Sla- 
vonians or  Wends.  The  German  language  is,  with  the 
exception  of  tho  newly-annexed  districts  of  the  Rcichsland 
of  Al.snce- Lorraine,  everywhere  predominant ;  it  is  divided 
into  High  and  Low  German,  the  first  of  which  is  tho  chief 
written  language.  Dutch  and  Frisian  are  spoken  to  a  lim- 
ited extent  in  tho  N.W.,  Danish  in  the  N.,  Czechic  and 
AVendish  in  tho  centre,  Livonian,  Polish,  Lettish,  Ac,  in 
tho  K.  and  N.E.,  French  and  Walloon  in  the  S.W.  and  W. 
General  education  in  Germany  is  of  a  higher  order  than  in 
any  other  country  of  Europe;  in  many  of  the  states  tho 
common  schools  are  excellent,  especially  in  Prussia  and 
Saxony.  There  are  21  universities,  besides  gymnasia,  ly- 
ceums,  academies,  learned  societies,  and  richly  furnished 
public  libraries,  in  tho  ditrerent  states.  These  universities 
nave  a  total  of  about  30,000  students  per  annum,  with  about 
2500  professors  and  teachers.  Tho  four  most  frequented 
universities  are  those  of  Berlin,  Leipsio,  Munich,  and 
Halle,  the  first-nnmed  having  about  5000  and  tho  last  about 
1800  students.  Tho  advantages  derived  from  these  in- 
stitutions aro  apparent  in  tho  great  activity  exhibited  in 
every  branch  of  liter.vturo  and  science,  and  in  tho  iiupor- 
tanco  of  tho  Germ.an  book-trade.  Architecture,  printing, 
and  the  preparation  of  astronomical  and  optical  instruments 
havo  also  attained  great  excellence.  The  chief  branches 
of  industry  aro  agriculture,  cattle-rearing,  and  mining.  In 
tho  countries  of  Xorthcrn  Germany  steam-power  is  most 
extensively  employed.  The  manufactures  comprise  linens, 
silks,  and  woollens,  steam-engines  of  every  dcscri])tion, 
iron,  steel,  and  other  articles  in  metal,  wooden-wares, 
clocks,  and  toys,  paper  and  leather  manufactures,  and  por- 
celain. Breweries  and  brandy-distilleries  are  numerous, 
especially  in  the  N.  The  trade  of  Germany,  formerly 
greatly  trammelled  by  the  varying  rates  of  duties  and  cus- 
toms levied  by  the  different  states,  received  a  fresh  impulse, 
before  the  establishment  of  the  empire,  from  the  institution 
of  the  customs-union,  or  Zollvcrein,  by  which  the  several 
states  agreed  to  a  uniform  rate  of  charges  in  transport 
duties  and  postages,  and  a  fixed  rate  of  exchange.  The 
trade  of  Germany  is  chiefly  with  Great  Britain.  From  the 
United  States,  Germany  receives  much  cotton,  tobacco,  pe- 
troleum, and  provisions.  Internal  commerce  is  greatly 
facilitated  by  the  numerous  navigable  rivers,  all  of  which 
are  traversed  by  steamers,  and  by  an  excellent  system  of 
railways  and  canals. 

For  nine  centuries  previous  to  1792,  Germany,  including 
at  that  time  the  greater  part  of  Austria,  formed  an  empire 
governed  by  a  sovereign  elected  by  the  different  states.  For 
the  purposes  of  administration,  the  empire  was  divided  into 
10  circles,  and  comprised,  besides  tho  kingdom  of  Bohemia, 
the  margravinte  of  Moravia  and  the  duchy  of  Silesia;  its 
capital  was  Vienna.    The  diet,  or  genei-al  assembly  of  the 


empire,  was  composed  of  three  colleges,  nnd  was  convoked  by 
the  emperor,  who  was  assisted  in  the  adniinist ration  of  affairs 
by  tho  Aulio  Council,  which  exorcised  tho  functions  of  tho 
supreme  court  of  tho  empire.  The  conquests  of  the  French, 
and  tho  annexation  of  Belgium  and  the  other  countries  on 
tho  left  bank  of  tho  Uhine  to  Franco,  led  to  the  dissolution 
of  the  onipire  in  1806.  This  was  replaced  tcinpornrily  by 
the  Coii/eUeratioH  of  the  lihiof.,  which,  under  the  sway  of 
Franco,  consisted  of  tho  kingdoms  of  Bavaria  nnd  WUrtcm- 
berg  and  several  petty  states.  The  confederation  was 
established  at  Paris,  July  12,  180(5,  under  tho  dictation  of 
Napoleon  I.  Its  territory  was  from  time  to  time  consider- 
ably augmented,  till  its  dissolution  in  1813.  In  1815,  the 
congress  of  Vienna  established  tho  Uermanie  Coii/edern- 
tion,  by  which  the  states  of  Germany  and  the  dominions 
of  tho  Emperor  of  Austria  formed  an  alliance  to  secure 
tho  integrity  of  their  laws  and  their  respective  territories 
and  to  maintain  tho  peace  and  order  of  tho  whole.  This 
continued  until  1848,  when,  in  consequence  of  revolu- 
tionary movements,  the  governments  of  many  of  tho  Ger- 
man states  were  changed,  nnd  a  National  Assembly  sat  for 
some  time  at  Frankfort,  but  without  result.  To  effect  a 
firmer  reorganization,  tho  Emperor  of  Austria,  Franz  Jo- 
seph, presented,  on  August  17,  186.3,  to  tho  confederate 
princes  assembled  nt  Frankfort,  excluding  Prussia,  nn  net 
to  reform  tho  confederation.  To  this  Prussia  would  not 
accede,  excejit  on  condition  of  perfect  equality  with  Austria. 
This  being  refused,  Prussia,  at  tho  federal  assembly  of  April 
9,  1806,  projtoscd  to  convoke  a  parliament,  a  proposaf 
which  was  referred  to  a  committee,  out  without  any  result, 
and  on  June  14  Prussia  withdrew  from  tho  confederacy, 
declaring  it  dissolved,  announcing  at  tho  same  time  the 
basis  of  a  new  confederacy,  excluding  Austria,  i'ho  federal 
assembly  protested,  and  continued  its  functions,  till,  war 
having  been  declared,  tho  diet  quitted  Frankfort  nnd  re- 
moved to  Augsburg,  where  it  held  its  la.»t  sitting  on  August 
24,  1806.  In  tho  interval,  the  Prussian  armies  had  been 
victorious  in  Bohemia,  and,  by  the  peace  of  Prague,  Aus- 
tria renounced  her  federal  connection  with  tho  Gorman 
states,  nnd  engaged  not  to  oppose  tho  formation  of  a  new 
confederation  under  the  supremo  direction  of  Prussia.  In 
Article  V.  of  this  treaty  the  Emperor  of  Austria  trans- 
ferred to  Prussia  all  tho  rights  acquired  over  the  duchies  of 
llolstein  and  Sleswick,  while  Prussia  engaged  to  leave  the 
territory  of  the  King  of  Saxony  intact.  The  kingdom  of 
Hanover,  Electoral  Hesse,  the  duchy  of  Nassau,  and  the  freo 
city  of  Frankfort,  with  portions  of  Bavaria  and  tho  grand 
duchy  of  Hesse,  were  annexed  to  the  kingdom  of  Prussia,  by 
decree,  September  20, 1866.  Upon  this,  at  the  invitation  of 
Prussia,  all  tho  states  of  Germany  N.  of  the  Main  entered 
into  an  alliance,  offensive  and  defensive,  under  tho  title  of 
tho  A'orth  German  Coii/edenition.  Tho  first  North  German 
parliament  met  at  Berlin,  February  24,  1867.  This  parlia- 
ment afterwards  voted,  January  29,  1871,  on  the  initiative 
of  all  the  reigning  princes  of  Germany,  including  the  kings 
of  Bavaria,  Wiirtembcrg,  and  Saxony,  a  resolution  by  which 
the  King  of  Prussia  became  invested  with  imperial  powers 
over  the  new  confederation,  under  the  title  of  Gorman  Em- 
peror. By  the  treaty  of  peace  between  France  and  Germany, 
concluded  at  Frankfort-on-the-Main,  May  10,  1871,  tho  ter- 
ritory of  Alsace-Lorraine  was  definitely  ceded  to  Germany, 
and  now  forms  a  province  of  the  German  emi)ire,  being 
called  "  Reichsland,"  or  imperial  realm,  under  the  govern- 
ment of  tho  Reichstag  of  Germany,  and  moro  immediately 
under  that  of  the  Chancellor  of  the  Empire. 

Cier'many,  a  township  of  Richland  co.,  111.    Pop.  1040. 

Germany,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  0. 

Ciicrman  V,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Mary- 
land line.     Pop.  880,  exclusive  of  Littlestown. 

CiCrniany,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co..  Pa. 

Gcrmcrshcini,  ghfin'uiQrs-hlmo^  (anc.  T7'cm»  Ju'- 
liuaf),  a  fortified  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Rhine,  8  miles 
S.S.AV.  of  Speycr,  at  a  railway  junction.  Pop.  6455.  Near 
it  is  the  ruined  castle  of  Fricdrichsbiihl,  where  Rudolph  of 
Uapsburg  died,  a.d.  1291. 

Germi,  ghdn'mee,  a  village  of  Persia,  in  Azerbaijan, 
120  miles  N.E.  of  Tabrcez.  It  is  large,  and  its  inhabitants 
are  rich  in  flocks  and  cuttle. 

Ger'moiids,  a  station  of  the  Nanuet  <t  New  City  Rail- 
road, Rockland  eo.,  N.Y.,  in  Clarkstown  township,  2  miles 
S.  of  Clarkstown. 

Gerurode,  ghinn'ro'd^b,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  An- 
halt,  V.i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ilalberstadt.     Pop.  2151. 

Gernsbach,  ghJuns'biK,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Baden,  on  the  Murg,  17  miles  S.  of  Carlsruhe.     Pop.  2431. 

Gerushcim,  gh^ans'hime,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Hesse,  on  the  Rhine,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Darmstadt.     P.  3210. 


GER 


1263 


&E2 


Gerolstein,  gi'roI-stIne\  a  town  of  Khenish  Prussia, 

34  miles  N.  of  Treves,  with  mineral  baths.     Pop.  820. 

tierolzhofen,  gi'rolts-ho^f^n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  20 
miles  N.E.  of  AVurzhurg.     Pop.  2072. 

Gerome,  a  village  of  France.    See  Gerardmer. 

(■eroiia,  Jerona,  or  Xerona,  Hi-ro'n4  (anc.  Ge- 
run'U(i),  a  city  of  Spain,  capital  of  a  province  of  its  own 
name,  on  the  Ter,  at  the  junction  of  tne  Ofia,  52  miles  by- 
rail  X.E.  of  Barcelona.  The  town  is  partly  enclosed  by 
walls.  Principal  edifices,  the  cathedral,  a  fine  and  con- 
spicuous building  of  the  fourteenth  century,  the  college 
church  of  San  Felice,  the  Capuchin  convent,  with  an  Ara- 
bian bath,  the  diocesan  school,  with  a  large  library,  several 
hospitals,  and  9  convents.  Gcrona  has  manufactures  of 
coarse  woollen  and  cotton  goods,  hosiery,  soap,  and  paper, 
and  is  the  scat  of  a  bishop,  an  ecclesiastical  tribunal,  and  a 
military  governor.  It  has  been  several  times  blockaded, 
especially  in  1809  by  the  French  under  Augereau,  who  lost 
15,000  men  here  in  seven  months.     Pop.  18,606. 

Gerona,  a  maritime  province  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia, 
bounded  N.  by  France,  E.  and  S.E.  by  the  Mediterranean. 
Area,  2413  square  miles.     Capital,  Gerona.     Pop.  325,110. 

Gerrara,  a  town  of  Algeria.    See  Guerara. 

Gerrardstown,  West  Virginia.     See  Gerardstown. 

Gcrresheim,  gh5R'u§3-hIme\  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prns- 
Bia,  4  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Dusseldorf.     Pop.  2951. 

Gerri,  iifin-Rce'  (anc.  Acer'risf),  a  town  of  Spain,  59 
miles  N.E.  of  Lerida,  on  the  Noguera.     Pop.  650. 

Gcr'ron,  Gar'ron,  or  Gar'on,  a  conspicuous  head- 
land of  Ireland,  co.  of  Antrim,  on  the  Irish  Sea,  between 
Glcnarm  and  Red  Bays,  6  miles  N.  of  Glenarm. 

Ger'ry,  post-township,  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.     P.  1155. 

Gerry,  a  post-village  in  Gerry  township,  Chautauqua 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Dunkirk,  Alleghany  Valley  &  Pittsburg 
Railroad,  at  Vermont  Station,  26  miles  S.  of  Dunkirk.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  about  250. 

Gers,  zhain  (anc.  jEgerieus  f),  a  river  of  France,  joins 
the  Garonne  near  Agen,  after  a  course  of  75  miles. 

Gers,  a  department  in  the  S.W.  of  France,  a  part  of  the 
old  province  of  G.osoony.  Area,  2390  square  miles.  Surface 
mostly  covered  with  ramifications  of  the  Pyrenees.  Prin- 
cipal rivers,  the  Gers,  Save,  Gimone,  Baise,  and  Adour,  all 
having  a  N.  course.  Much  of  this  department  consists  of 
heaths  and  waste  land,  with  an  infertile  soil,  and  scarcely 
enough  corn  is  raised  for  home  consumption.  Wine  is  pro- 
duced in  abundance,  and  a  good  deal  of  it  is  converted  into 
brandy.  Many  mules  are  reared  for  the  Spanish  markets. 
Gers  is  divided  into  5  arrondissements ;  principal  towns, 
Auch  (the  capital),  Condom,  Lectoure,  Lomboz,  and  Mi- 
rande.     Pop.  in  1881,  281,532;  in  1891,  261,084. 

Gersau,  ghSn'sow,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Schwytz,  on  the  Lake  of  Lucerne.  Pop. 
2274,  inclusive  of  its  small  territory,  which  formed  an  in- 
dependent state  from  1390  to  1798. 

Gersfcid,  gh^Rs'fSIt,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Lower 
Franconia,  on  the  Rh(5n,  with  3  castles.     Pop.  1700. 

Gcrstettcn,  ghSn'stSt't^n,  a  village  of  Wurtemberg,  8 
miles  S.W.  of  Heidenheim.     Pop.  2211. 

Gerstungen,  ghfiRs'toong-§n,  a  village  of  Germany, 
in  Saxe-AVeimar,  11  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Eisenach,  on  the 
Wcrra.     Pop.  1987. 

Gertruydenberg.    See  Geertruidenberg. 

Gcrunda,  the  ancient  name  of  Gerona. 

Gerusalemme,  the  Italian  name  of  Jerusalem. 

Gervais,  jer'vais,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Oregon, 
on  the  Oregon  A  California  Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  Salem. 
It  is  near  the  Willamette  River.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
a  public  school,  a  seminary,  manufactures  of  bricks  and 
tiles,  a  newspaper  office,  and  malt-works.     Pop.  about  650. 

Ger'yville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  2  miles 
from  Pennsburg  Station,  which  is  43  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Philadelphia. 

Gerzat,  zhSn^zi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Pny-de-D6me, 
4  miles  N.E.  of  Clermont-Ferrand.     Pop.  2361. 

Gerzen,  gh6Rt's§n,  or  Gerzensee,  ghdRt's^n- 


Arnsberg.     Pop.  3669. 

Ges'cllsville,  a  hamlet  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.,  in  Green- 
field township.     Pop.  58. 

Geserich-See,  g4'z§r-iK-si',  a  lake  of  Prussia,  27 
miles  E.  of  Marienwerder.     Length,  15  miles. 

Gesoriacum,  the  ancient  name  of  Boulogne. 

Gespunsart,  zh6s'piiN»'saR',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Ardennes,  6  miles  N.E.  of  MfiziSres.     Pop.  2050. 

Gessenay,  the  French  for  Saanen. 


Ges'siCj  a  post-village  of  Vermilion  co.,  Ind.,  in  High- 
land township,  on  the  Evansville,  Terre  Haute  &  Chicago 
Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Danville,  111.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  steam  flour-mill,  and  about  40  houses. 

Gesso-Pal ena,  jis'so-pi-li'ni,  a  village  of  Italjr^ 
province  and  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Chieti.     Pop.  3275. 

Gest6,  zhfia'ti',  a  town  of  France,  in  Maine-et-Loire,  5 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Bcauprdau.     Pop.  1399. 

Gestel,  Hds't?l,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North 
Brabant,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Bois-le-Duc.     Pop.  1727. 

Gestrikland,  G^strikland,  y6s'trik-l!lnd\  or 
Gestricia,  j6s-trish'e-a,  a  former  province  of  Sweden, 
forming  now  the  S.  part  of  the  laen  of  Geflc. 

Gcsturi,  jds-too'ree,  a  village  on  the  island  of  Sardinia, 
28  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  1443. 

Gesualdo,  j4-soo-il'do,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Avellino,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Frigento.     Pop.  3875. 

Getafe,  ni-ti'fi,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  8  milen 
S.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  3539. 

Gethsemane,  geth-sem'a-ne,  a  post-village  of  Nelson: 
CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  Louisville  &  Great  Southern  Railroad 
(Knoxville  Branch),  48  miles  S.  of  Louisville.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  Trappist  abbey,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  lum- 
ber, and  whisky. 

Get'tysburg,  a  post- village  in  Adams  township,  Darke 
CO.,  0.,  on  Greenville  Creek,  14  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Piqua. 
It  has  3  churches  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  274. 

Gettysburg,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Adams  co.,  Pa., 
about  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Harrisburg,  28  miles  S.  of  Car- 
lisle, and  115  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  is  on  di- 
visions of  the  Western  Maryland  Railroad  and  the  Phil- 
adelphia <fc  Reading  Railroad.  The  site  is  uneven,  and 
diversified  by  several  hills,  called  Seminary  Ridge,  Ceme- 
tery II ill,  Ac.  Hero  is  a  Lutheran  theological  seminary, 
which  was  organized  in  1826  and  has  a  library  of  18,306 
volumes,  and  here  also  is  Pennsylvania  College  (Lutheran), 
which  was  organized  in  1832  and  has  a  library  of  10,000 
volumes.  This  town  contains  10  churches  (2  African), 
2  national  banks,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  2  weekly 
newspapers.  At  Gettysburg  occurred  (July  1-3,  1863), 
one  of  the  most  important  and  decisive  battles  of  tho 
civil  war,  between  the  Union  forces  under  General  Meade 
and  the  Confederates  under  General  Lee,  resulting  in 
the  victory  of  the  former.  To  commemorate  this  battle 
and  those  who  fell  in  it,  a  national  monument  of  granite, 
60  feet  high,  has  been  erected  here.  The  National  Ceme- 
tery is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  in  the  country.     About 

1  mile  from  Gettysburg  is  the  Katalysine  Spring,  which  is 
a  summer  resort  with  a  fine  hotel.     Pop.  in  1890,  3221, 

Gettysburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Potter  co.,  S.D., 
75  miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Redfield.     It  has  3  churches, 

2  banks,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  about  400. 
Getz'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  6  miles  by 

rail  E.  of  Tonawanda.  It  has  a  steam  saw-mill  and  a 
manufactory  of  staves  and  heading. 

Geule,  Ho'l?h  (Ger.  pron.  goi'l^h),  a  stream  of  the 
Netherlands,  rises  in  Rhenish  Prussia,  and,  flowing  N.AV., 
falls  into  the  Meuse  5  miles  N.N.E.  of  Maestricht. 

G^vaudan,  zhiVoMftn"',  an  old  division  of  France,  ia 
Languedoc,  now  comprised  in  the  departments  of  Ilauto- 
Loire  and  Lozfire.     Its  capital  was  Mende. 

Gcvelsberg,  gi'f?ls-b6RG\  a  village  of  Westphalia,  20 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Dortmund. 

Gevrey,  zh§h-vri',  a  village  of  France,  in  C6te-d'0r, 
10  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Dijon.     Pop.  1703. 

GcAvitsch,  gi'*itch,  or  Gewiczko,  gl-vitch'ko,  a 
town  of  Moraviii,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Briinn.     Pop.  2734. 

Gewur,  a  town  of  India.    See  Jewur. 

Gex,  zhdx,  a  town  of  France,  in  Ain,  on  the  E.  side  of 
the  .Jura  Mountains,  11  miles  N.  by  AV.of  Geneva.    P.  1469. 

Geyer,  ghi'?r,  a  town  of  Saxony,  20  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Zwickau.     Pop.  4143. 

Geyersberg,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Geiersbero. 

Geyersville,  ghi'§rz-vil,  a  village  of  Cheboygan  co., 
Mich.,  in  Inverness  township,  28  miles  N.E.  of  Petoskcy. 
It  has  a  church  and  about  90  families. 

Geysers,  or  Geisers.    See  Iceland,  and  Wyoming. 

Geyser  (ghi's^r)  Springs,  a  post-village  and  summer 
resort  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  in  a  deep  caiion,  about  90  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  San  Francisco.  Here  are  about  500  boiling 
springs,  surrounded  by  picturesque  mountain-scenery.  The 
water  contains  numerous  mineral  substances  in  solution. 

Geyserville,  ghi's^r-vTI,  a  village  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  San  Francisco  A  North  Pacific  Railro.ad,  82  miles 
N.  of  San  Francisco.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  68.  Here  ia 
Clairville  Post-Ofiice. 

Gezira,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Jezeereh-ibn-Omab. 


OHA 


1264 


QBE 


Ghadnmis,  Ghadamcs,  or  Gadamis,  g&-d&'ini8 
or  gi-ddmu',  oallod  nlso  llhndnnies,  a  town  of  North 
Africa,  in  an  oasis  of  tho  stuno  name,  in  the  Desert  of 
Sahans  310  miles  S.S.W.  of  Tripoli,  of  which  it  is  a  do- 
peadenov.    Lnt.  SQO  5'  N. ;  Ion.  8°  24'  23"  £.    Pop.  3000. 

Ghafsat  a  town  of  Africa.    See  G^rsA. 

Ghagra«  a  river  of  India.     Soo  Qogqra. 

Ghnra,  or  Gnrrnt  g&r'r&,  the  name  given  to  the  Sut- 
I(J  Uivor,  in  tho  Punjab,  from  the  influx  of  the  Beas,  34 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Amriti<ir,  to  that  of  the  Chcnaub,  near  Ooch, 
a  diutanoe  of  about  260  uilos,  throughout  which  it  forms 
the  W.  boundary  of  Kajpuotana  and  Bhawlpoor. 

Ghnrn,  or  Garra,  a  small  stream  in  Sindo,  flowing  past 
the  village  of  tho  same  name,  and  reaching  the  Indian  Ocoan 
10  miles  E.  of  Kurrachco. 

Ghara»  or  Garra,  a  village  of  Sinde,  in  the  N.W.  of 
the  delta  of  the  Indus.     Lat.  24°  44'  N. ;  Ion.  67°  36'  E. 

Gharbecyehf  Gharbich,  or  Garbieh,  gar-bco'- 
y?h,  a  maritime  province  of  Lower  Egypt.  Capital,  Tantah. 
I'ou.  623,440. 

Ghardeia^  a  town  in  Algeria.    See  Gardaia. 

Gharghara,  the  Hindoo  name  of  tho  Googra. 

Ghartny)  gaR'moo,  a  village  in  the  Libyan  Desert,  be- 
longing to  Egypt,  about  330  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cairo. 

Gharran-'TucI,  Ireland.    Sco  Carban-Tual. 

Ghassa^  or  Gassa^  gis'si,  a  town  of  Bootan,  on  the 
Cbin-Choo  River.     Lat.  27°  66'  N.;  Ion.  89°  18'  E. 

Ghat*  g&t,  an  oasis  of  Africa,  in  tho  Sahara,  S.  of  Tri- 
poli, and  S.W,  of  Moorzook.     Lat.  25°  N. ;  Ion.  11°  15'  E. 

Ghatal,  gJlH&l',  a  town  of  Bengal,  district  of  Iloogly, 
35  miles  W.  of  Calcutta,  on  tho  river  Silai.  Ilcre  are  many 
«ilk-weavers.     Pop.  15,492. 

Ghauts,  gawts,  The,  two  mountain-chains  which  bor- 
der the  coasts  of  the  peninsula  of  India,  diverging  from 
each  other  northward  at  the  Neilgherry  Hills,  lat.  11°  20' 
N.,  Ion.  76°  E.,  and  enclosing  E.  and  "W.  tho  Deccan,  or 
great  table-land  of  South  India.  The  Eastern  Ghauts 
stretch  N.E.  for  about  500  miles,  broken  through  by  the 
Cavery  and  Pennar,  to  the  Kistnah  River.  Greatest  height, 
about  3000  feet.  Summits  usually  rocky  and  bare.  The 
AVestern  Ghauts  extend  through  13°  of  latitude,  from  Cape 
Comorin  to  the  banks  of  the  Tapteo,  with  a  short  but  re- 
markable break,  the  Paulghautcherry  Pass,  S.  of  the  Neil- 
gherries.  Average  distance  from  the  sea,  30  to  40  miles ; 
average  elevation,  between  3000  and  5000  feet.  The  highest 
summit  of  tho  Neilgherrics  is  9941  feet.  They  are  com- 
monly abrupt  on  the  W.  side,  and  crowned  with  fine  forests 
of  bamboo,  rattan,  poon,  and  teak.  The  term  Ghaut  sig- 
nifies a  pass  through  a  range  of  hills,  but  has  been  trans- 
ferred to  tho  mountain-range. 

Ghayn,  gine,  or  Khain,  kine,  a  town  of  East  Persia, 
230  miles  E.N.E.  of  Yezd,  with  a  fortress,  and  manufactures 
of  felt  and  carpets. 

Ghazecabad,  gi'zce-&-b&d',  a  town  of  India,  in  the 
North-West  Provinces.     Pop.  6477. 

Gliazcepoor,  or  Gazipur,  g3,-zee-poor',  a  district  of 
the  North- West  Provinces,  British  India,  in  tho  Benares 
division.  It  lies  wedge-shaped  between  the  Ganges  on  the 
S.  and  the  Goggra  on  the  N.E.,  and  is  chiefly  enclosed  by 
Sarun,  Shahabad,  Benares,  Jounpoor,  and  Azimghur.  Area, 
2168  square  miles.     Capital,  Ghazeepoor.    Pop.  1,345,570. 

Ghazeepoor,  or  Gazipur,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of 
the  above,  on  the  Ganges,  46  miles  N.E.  of  Benares.  Among 
its  finest  buildings  is  a  dilapidated  Saracenic  palace,  and 
near  the  town  are  large  military  cantonments.   Pop.  38,385. 

Ghazni,  a  city  of  Afghanistan.    See  Ghuzjjee. 

Ghebraba,  ga-bri'bi,  a  town  of  Persia,  in  Irak-Aje- 
mee,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Ispahan. 

Ghebse,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Gebseh. 

Ghedi,  gd'dee,  a  village  of  Italy,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Brescia.     Pop.  3368. 

Ghcdman,  gdd-min',  a  town  of  Afghanistan,  18  miles 
S.  of  Herat. 

Gheel,  or  Gcel,  gail,  a  town  of  Belgium,  province  and 
C6  miles  E.S.E.  of  Antwerp.  It  is  celebrated  as  a  place  of 
treatment  for  the  insane,  who  are  here  boarded  in  families, 
under  public  supervision.     Pop.  of  commune,  11,260. 

Gheesan,  or  Ghisan,  ghee'sin',  a  seaport  town  of 
Arabia,  on  the  Red  Sea,  84  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lohcia.  Lat. 
16°45'N.;  Ion.  42°  3'  E. 

Ghcezeh,  Ghizeh,  Gizeh,  Geezeh,  gheo'z?h,  or 
Jizeh,  jee'z^h,  a  town  of  Egypt,  capital  of  a  province  of 
the  same  name,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Nile,  3  miles  S.W. 
of  Cairo,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  great  Pyramids.     P.  10,500. 

Gheirah,  g4'v4,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor,  16  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Ismeed,  near  the  Sakareeyah  River  (anc.  Sanga- 
riut).    It  is  said  to  have  400  bouset. 


Ghelcnjeek,  or  Ghclcndjik,  gi-lin-jeck',  written 
also  Ghclenchik  and  Geleiidschik,  a  bay  and  seaport 
of  Russia,  in  Chernoniorsk,  on  the  N.E.  coaiit  of  the  Black 
Sea.     Lat.  (of  fort)  44°  33'  24"  N.;  Ion.  38°  3'  15"  E. 

Ghelu\ve«  a4-IU'*fh,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Flanders,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Ypres.     Pop.  1460. 

Ghcniick,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Gifio. 

Ghcinmc,  gh{m'm4,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  U 
miles  N.W.  of  Novara.     Pop.  3311. 

Ghciinch,orGhcnoh,atownof  Egypt.    Sec  Kexer. 

Ghent,  ghdnt  (Fr.  Gaud,  gbs»;  Flem.  Gcnd,  iiint;  Sp. 
Oante,  gin'td;  Ger.  Gent,g\iiat:  L.  Gande  nnd  Gandavum), 
a  fortified  city  of  Belgium,  capital  of  East  Flanders,  at  the 
confluence  of  tho  Lys  with  tho  Scheldt,  and  on  the  Terncuien 
Canal,  at  tho  Junction  of  several  railways,  31  miles  N.W. 
of  Brussels.  It  occupies  a  triangular  space  above  8  milei 
in  circuit,  is  surrounded  by  fine  boulevards,  and  defended 
by  a  strong  citadel.  In  tho  interior  a  great  number  of 
canals  branch  off  from  tho  Lys  in  all  directions,  and,  form- 
ing a  kind  of  net-work  within  tho  town,  divide  it  into 
26  islands,  connected  by  42  largo  and  46  small  bridges. 
Tho  town  is,  on  tho  whole,  well  built.  In  some  of  the  older 
parts  tho  streets  aro  dark,  and  so  narrow  that  two  carriages 
can  scarcely  pass.  Here  many  of  tho  houses  have  gable 
fronts,  which  present  a  fant.ostic  appearance.  In  the  other 
quarters  tho  streets  are  in  general  straight  and  spacious, 
with  rows  of  handsome  houses.  There  are  a  great  number 
of  squares.  Among  the  most  deserving  of  notice  are  tho 
March6-du-Vendredi  ("  Friday  Market"),  where  the  weekly 
market  is  held,  and  where  in  early  times  tho  Counts  of 
Flanders  were  inaugurated ;  the  Cauter,  or  Parade,  planted 
with  lime-trees  and  surrounded  by  elegant  edifices;  the 
corn-market,  near  the  centre  of  the  town ;  and  tho  Plaine- 
des-Recollets,  remarkable  for  the  number  of  its  fine  mansions. 

Tho  principal  buildings  aro  the  cathedral  of  St.  Bavon,  a 
vast  structure,  heavy  in  its  e.^torior,  but  within  finely  pro- 
portioned and  richly  decorated,  possessed  of  many  interesting 
monuments  and  fine  paintings ;  the  church  of  St.  Nicolas, 
the  oldest  in  Ghent;  the  church  of  St.  Michael,  with  a  cel- 
ebrated crucifixion  by  Vandyke;  tho  church  of  St.  Pierre, 
with  a  beautiful  dome,  and  a  fayado  adorned  with  Corinthian 
columns ;  the  Hotel-de- Ville ;  the  custom-house,  decorated 
with  Doric  and  Corinthian  pilasters ;  the  Beff"roi  (belfry),  a 
lofty  square  tower,  containing  a  fine  chime,  a  clock,  and 
several  bells,  one  of  which  weighs  nearly  five  tons;  the 
Palais-de-Justice,  a  h.andsomo  structure,  intended  both  to 
accommodate  tho  courts  of  law  and  serve  as  an  exchange; 
tho  Maison-do-Forco  (house  of  correction),  an  immens* 
octagonal  building;  the  B6guinage,  a  kind  of  nunnery,  sur- 
rounded by  a  wall  and  moat,  and  occupied  by  about  600  in- 
mates; and  the  theatre.  Tho  principal  literary  and  scien- 
tific and  other  institutions  aro  tho  university,  a  handsome 
structure,  adorned  with  a  noble  Corinthian  portico,  modelled 
on  tho  Pantheon  at  Rome,  and  having  a  museum  of  natural 
history  and  schools  of  civil  engineering  and  of  industrial 
arts ;  an  athcnasum,  episcopal  seminary,  academy  of  paint- 
ing, sculpture,  and  architecture,  a  superior  primary  school, 
scientific,  literary,  and  musical  societies,  a  deaf  and  dumb 
institution,  a  lunatic  asylum,  a  normal  school,  tho  Jardin 
dcs  Plantcs  (botanic garden),  tho  finest  in  Belgium,  and  the 
general  hospital.    Ghent  is  the  see  of  a  bishop. 

The  extent  to  which  the  cotton  manufacture  is  carried  on 
in  Ghent  has  procured  it  tho  surname  of  the  Belgian  Man- 
chester. Tho  other  manufactures  of  importance  are  refined 
sugar,  common  and  table  linen,  woollen  cloth,  flannel,  serge, 
silk,  lace,  thread,  ribbons,  hosiery,  wax-cloth,  chemical 
products,  arms,  rape  oil,  mathematical  and  surgical  instru- 
ments, articles  in  steel,  bronze,  and  crystal,  carriages,  paper, 
hats,  delft-ware,  tobacco,  starch,  <tc.  There  are  also  exten- 
sive machine-works,  roperies,  tanneries,  breweries,  and  dis- 
tilleries. Tho  trade  in  corn,  oil,  seeds,  wine,  and  linen — 
particularly  the  last,  which  has  here  one  of  its  chief  en- 
trepots— is  very  important. 

The  origin  of  Ghent  is  uncertain.  It  is  first  mentioned 
as  a  town  in  the  seventh  century,  but  docs  not  appear  to 
have  acquired  much  importance  till  tho  twelfth  century. 
By  the  end  of  the  thirteenth  century  it  was  nearly  as  large 
as  at  present,  and  much  larger  than  Paris  then  was.  In 
the  bloody  feuds  which  agitated  Flanders  up  to  the  middle 
of  the  fourteenth  century,  Ghent  took  a  leading  part,  and 
repeatedly  by  the  turbulence  of  its  citizens  provoked  a  fear- 
ful retribution.  In  1369,  when  the  county  of  Flandera 
passed  by  marriage  to  the  house  of  Burgundy,  Ghent  fol- 
lowed its  fortunes,  but  shortly  afterwards  revolted.  The 
spirit  of  revolt,  however,  was  subdued,  and  Charles  the  Bold 
was  peacefully  cnwncd  at  Ghent  in  1467.  In  1500,  Charles 
V.  was  bora  at  Ghent,  and  eighteen  years  after  succeeded 


QBE 


1265 


to  the  most  extensive  monarchy  which  had  existed  in  Europe 
from  the  days  of  Charlemagne.  The  Gantois  appear  to 
have  dreaded  a  collision  with  such  a  power,  but  at  last,  in 
]557,  broke  out  in  open  resistance.  Severe  punishment 
soon  followed,  and  the  citizens,  in  addition  to  other  enormous 
fines,  were  obliged  to  pay  for  the  erection  of  a  citadel  in- 
tended to  keep  them  in  bondage.  Ghent  afterwards  suffered 
much  during  the  aggressions  of  Louis  XIV.,  the  campaigns 
of  Marlborough,  and  the  commotions  of  the  French  revolu- 
tion ;  but  by  the  advantages  of  its  position,  and  the  in- 
dustry of  its  citizens,  it  overcame  these  calamities.     Pop. 

in  1890,  153,740. Inhab.  Gastois,  gfiuoHwa,'. 

Ghent,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ohio, 
opposite  Vevay,  and  20  miles  above  Madison,  Ind.  It  is 
about  45  miles  by  land  S.W.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  bank,  a  public  school,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  625. 

Ghent)  a  post-village  in  Ghent  township,  Columbia  eo., 
N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  &  Harlem  Railroad,  and  on  the 
Hudson  &  Chatham  Branch  of  the  Boston  &  Albany  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  N.E.  of  Hudson,  and  126  miles  N.  of  New 
York.  It  has  2  churches,  scale-works,  and  a  telegraph- 
school.  The  township  has  6  churches,  and  manufactures 
of  flour  and  straw  paper.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2903. 

Ghent,  a  post-hamlet  of  Summit  co.,  0.,  in  Bath  town- 
fbip,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Akron.  It  has  3  churches  near  it; 
also  manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber. 

Ghent,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  in  Shesho- 
quin  township,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Ulster  Station.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Gheorghievsk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Geoiigievsk. 
Gherba,  an  island  in  the  Tunis  dominions.  See  Jerua. 
Ghergong,  ghSu'gong',  a  town  of  Assam,  on  an  afflu- 
ent of  the  Brahmapootra.     Lat.  26°  54'  N. ;  Ion.  94°  46'  E. 
Gheriah,  gh6r'ce*i,  a  fortress  of  British  India,  prasi- 
dcncy  of  Bombay,  on  a  promontory  in  the  Indian  Octan, 
172  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bombay. 

Gherzeh,  ghfir'zfih,  or  Kcr'zeh  (anc. Caru'ea),  a  town 
of  Asiatic  Turkey,  on  the  Black  Sea,  in  Anatolia,  20  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Sinope. 

Ghesan,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  Gheesan. 
Ghianida,ghee'im'dA,  a  town  of  Thibet,  110  miles  E. 
by  N.  of  Lassa.     It  contains  2  colossal  Booddhist  temples. 
Ghian,  AVest  Virginia.     See  Guyandotte. 
Ghicuzel-Hissar,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Aidix, 
Ghiian,  or  Gilan,  gheoMin',  a  province  of  Persia,  be- 
tween lat.  36°  30'  and  38°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  48°  30'  and  60° 
30'  E.,  having  on  the  N.E.  the  Caspian  Sea.     Area,  proba- 
bly 6000  square  miles.    The  Elbrooz  Mountains  bound  it  on 
the  S.    It  is  very  fertile,  densely  wooded,  swampy,  and  un- 
healthy.    Capital,  Reshd. 

Ghiian,  a  village  of  Persian  Koordistan,  30  miles  S.  of 
Zohab,  with  some  remarkable  antiquities. 

Ghilarza,  ghe-laRd'zi,  a  village  of  Sardinia,  division 
of  Cagliari,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Oristano.  Pop.  2529. 
Ghilomore,  a  lagoon  in  Russia.  See  Sivash. 
Ghio,  ghee'o,  Ghemlek,  gh4mM6k',  or  Kemlic, 
kJmMik',  a  small  seaport  town  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the  Bay 
of  Moodania,  16  miles  N.  of  Brusa.  It  has  a  largo  export 
trade  in  olives,  silk,  wines,  and  spirits  to  Constantinople, 
&o.  It  is  the  principal  port  on  the  Sea  of  Marmora  for  the 
import  of  corn  from  the  Black  Sea. 

Ghirza,  gheer'zH,  a  valley  of  Northern  Africa,  150  miles 
6.E.  of  Tripoli,  with  remains  of  Roman  antiquities. 

Ghisalba,  ghe-sil'bi,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Bergamo, 

2  miles  from  Martinengo,  on  the  Serio.     Pop.  1527. 
Ghisan,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  Gheesan. 
Ghisoni,  ghe-so'nee,  a  village  of  Corsica,  in  the  E.part 

of  the  island.     Pop.  889. 

Ghistellcs,  gheesHfill',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Flanders,  11  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  3023. 

Ghis'wah,  or  Ghis'ooah,  a  town  of  India,  district 
and  17  miles  W.  of  Jounpoor.     Pop.  7775. 

Ghiustendil,  ghyoosHSn-deel',  or  Kostendil,  kos- 
t3n-dcel'  (anc.  Justtuia'na  Secun'da  ?),  a  town  of  Bulgaria, 
near  the  Kara-Soo,  or  Strymon,  65  miles  E.N.E.  ot  U.^kup 
(Ushub).  It  is  a  Greek  archbishop's  see.  Pop.  8000.  It 
has  sulphur  baths,  and  near  it  are  iron-  and  silver-mines. 

Ghiuzel-Hissar,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Aidin. 

Ghizeh,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Gheezeh. 

Ghiznee,  or  Ghizni,  Afghanistan.    See  Ghuznee. 

Ghlln,  Glin  or  gliu",  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Ilainaut, 

3  miles  W.  of  Mons.     Pop.  3700. 

Ghoa,  go'3,',  or  Gwa,  gwi,  a  seaport  town  of  Aracan, 
otj  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Ghoa,  62 
miles  S.E.  of  Sandoway.  It  has  a  good  anchorage  for  small 
vessels,  near  which  is  a  small  island  of  the  same  name. 

Gholab  Singh  Dominions.     See  Cashmere. 


Gholam,  a  town  of  Afghanistan.    See  Khooloom. 
Gholam-Shah-Ka-Kote,  go^l^m'-shih-ki-kot,  a 
town  of  Sinde,  in  British  India,  on  the  W.  branch  of  th« 
Indus,  35  miles  S.W.  of  Tatta. 

Gholson,  Mississippi.    See  Summerville. 

Ghol'son,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co.,  Tex. 

Ghoi'sonviile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brunswick  CO.,  Va., 
75  miles  S.S.W.  of  Richmond. 

Ghoor,  mountains  of  Asia.    See  Hinixw-Koosh. 

Ghoos,  or  Ghous,  goos  (anc.  Apollinop' olis  Par'va), 
a  town  of  Upper  Egypt,  on  the  Nile,  17  miles  S.  of  Keneh, 

Ghoozkan,  gooz^kin  ,  a  village  of  Persia,  in  Khoras- 
san,  14  miles  E.  of  Meshed.     Pop.  1000. 

Ghoraghaiit,  a  town  of  India.    See  Goraghat. 

Gho'ra  Trup,  a  village  of  the  Punjab,  on  the  Indus, 
11  miles  S.W.  of  Attock.     Lat.  33°  46'  N. ;  Ion.  72°  9'  E. 

Ghorbund,  gor^bund',  a  village  of  Afghanistan,  in  lat. 
35°  4'  N.,  Ion.  68°  47'  E.,  whence  a  pass  proceeds  across  the 
Hindoo-Koosh  into  Khoondooz. 

Ghore,  gor,  or  Gaur,  gowr,  a  town  asid  independent 
district  of  West  Afghanistan,  120  miles  S.E.  of  Herat,  and 
the  original  possession  of  the  famous  Mahraoud  of  Ghore 
who  established  an  Afghan  dynasty  in  India  in  1186. 

Ghous,  a  town  of  Egypt.     See  Ghoos. 

Ghousghur,  goos^gur',  a  town  of  British  India,  2? 
miles  S.S.AV.  of  Seharunpoor. 

Ghoy,  goy,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Ilainaut,  15  miles 
S.E.  of  Mons.     Pop.  2140. 

Ghumourdjini,  or  Ghumurdjina.  See  Guuoob- 
jeena. 

Ghumsara,  the  Hindoo  name  of  Goomsttr. 

Ghun^poor',  a  fortified  town  of  India,  in  the  Nizam's 
Dominions,  60  miles  S.S.W.  of  Hyderabad. 

Ghur^mooktes'ur,  Gur^muktes'ar,  or  Gurmuk- 
teswar,  giir^mook-tes'war,  a  town  of  India,  district  and 
31  miles  S.E.  of  Meerut,  on  the  Ganges.     Pop.  8701. 

Ghurry,  giir'ree,  a  village  of  Sinde,  near  an  offset  of 
the  Indus,  in  lat.  27°  31'  N.,  Ion.  69°  7'  E. 

Ghurun,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Gurun. 

Ghuzel-Hissar,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Aidix. 

Ghuznee,  Ghuzni,  gilz'nee^  Gazna,  giz'n^ or  gilz'- 
ni,  or  Ghizni,  ghiz'nee\  a  city  of  Afghanistan,  80  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Cabool.  Lat.  33°  34'  N.-  Ion.  68°  18'  E.  Pop. 
(excluding  garrison)  variously  estimated  at  from  3000  to 
10,000.  It  stands  on  a  scarped  rock,  280  feet  above  the 
adjacent  plain,  on  its  W.  side;  and  its  walls,  about  35  feet 
in  height,  and  flanked  with  numerous  towers,  form  an  ir- 
regular square  about  IJ  miles  in  circumference,  the  whole 
being  enclosed  by  fortifications.  In  the  N.E.  part  of  the 
town  is  the  citadel,  with  a  palace,  magazine,  and  granary : 
the  whole  city  is,  however,  commanded  by  adjacent  heights. 
It  has  several  bazaars,  and  is  an  entrepfit  for  the  trade  be- 
tween Afghanistan  and  the  Punjab.  Old  Ghuznee,  destroyed 
in  the  twelfth  century,  is  about  3  miles  N.E. ;  its  ruins  cover 
an  extensive  space.  Under  the  Ghuznevide  dynasty  this 
town  was  the  capital  of  an  empire  reaching  from  the  Ganges 
to  the  Tigris  and  from  the  Jaxartes  to  the  Indian  Ocean 
It  was  stormed  and  taken  by  the  British  in  1839 ;  in  1842  th« 
garrison  surrendered  it  to  the  Afghans,  but  it  was  retaken  in 
the  same  year  by  the  troops  under  General  Nott. 

Ghuznee  River,  of  Afghanistan,  rises  about  12  miles 
N.  of  Ghuznee,  and  enters  Lake  Abistada,  after  a  S.  course 
estimated  at  80  miles. 

Ghyrche,  Ghyrce,  ghjr'chfih,  or  Kircheh,  kjr'chSh 
(anc.  Tut'zia),  a  large  village  of  Nubia,  on  the  AV.  bank  of 
the  Nile.  Lat.  23°  16'  N.;  Ion.  33°  E.  It  has  one  of  th« 
most  remarkable  temples  in  Nubia. 

Ghysabad,  ghi-sA-bid',  a  town  of  British  India,  in 
Bundelcund,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Iluttah. 

Giabar,  ghe-4-bar',  or  Jiabar,  je-8,-bar',  a  town  and 
castleof  Turkey,onthe  Euphrates,  23  miles AV.S.AV.of  Kakka. 

Giacomo  di  Lusiaua,  j&'ko-mo  dee  loo-sc-S,'ni,  a 
village  of  Italy,  17  miles  N.  of  Vicenza.     Pop.  3190. 

Gia-Dinh,  a  province  of  Cochin  China  (which  see). 

Giaglione,  j3,l-yo'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  3  miles  W.  of 
Susa,  on  the  Dora.     Pop.  1737. 

Gianjar,  Gyanyar,  or  Gyanjar,  je-Jn-yar',  a  small 
district  or  native  state  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  on  the  S.E. 
coast  of  the  island  of  Bali.  Its  capital,  Gianjar,  lies  about 
8  miles  inland,  and  is  the  residence  of  the  Rajah. 

Giannuti,  jin-noo'tce,  or  Giannutri,  j.\n-noo'tree 
(anc.  Diauium),  a  small  island  of  the  Mediterranean,  bo- 
longing  to  Italy,  9  miles  S.  of  the  peninsula  of  Argcntaro. 

Giant  of  the  Valley,  a  mountain  of  the  Adirondack 
group,  in  Essex  co.,  N.Y'.     Its  altitude  is  4530  feet. 

Gi'ant's  Cause'way,  a  basaltic  formation  on  the  N. 
coast  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Antrim,  to  the  W.  of  Bengore  Head, 


OIA 


1260 


GIB 


about  2  milM  N.N.E.  of  Bushmills.  The  const  h«re  is  for 
•  gTMt  dist4ino«  distinguished  by  bannttio  clitTs  and  caves, 
kut  tho  "oausowny,"  |)roi)orly  so  cnIlo<l,  is  a  platform  pro- 
jecting into  the  sea  fruui  the  base  of  a  strntifled  cliff  about 
4U0  feet  in  lioight,  and  resembles  a  pier  7U0  feet  in  length, 
350  feet  in  brea»ith,  and  varying  to  30  feet  in  height  above 
the  strand.  It  is  separated  by  whinstono  dikes  into  three 
divisions,  comprising  together  about  40,000  perfectly  formed, 
closely  united,  and  very  dark-oolorod  polygonal  columns, 
wush  consisting  of  several  pieces.  Their  de])th  below  the 
■urfhoo  is  unascertained.  Popular  legend  ascribes  this  stu- 
pendous formation  to  the  labor  of  giants  seeking  to  con- 
struct a  rond  across  the  sea  to  Scotland. 

(■i'nrd,  a  iMst-village  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  in  Qiard 
township  (whicn  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  & 
St.  Paul  llailroad),  6  miles  W.  of  Moaregor.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  of  tho  township,  1261. 

(linrratana,  jaR-R&-t&'n&  (ano.  Ceratanum  t),  a  village 
of  Sicily,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Modica.     Pop.  2634. 

Giarre,  jan'ni,  a  town  of  Sicily,  nt  tho  E.  slope  of 
Mount  Etna,  7  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Aci  Reale.     Pop.  17,414. 

Ciiarrctta,  jaR-nit'tH,  orSimcto,  so-m&'to  (anc.  .^y- 
WK'thun),  a  river  of  Sicily,  rises  about  20  miles  S.E,  of 
Caronia,  flows  S.E.  60  miles,  and  enters  tho  Mediterranean  6 
miles  S.  of  Catania.  Affluents,  the  Adriano,  Trochino,  and 
Dittaino. 

Giat,  zho-i',  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Puy-de-DOme,  31 
ttiles  W.S.W.  of  Iliom.     Pop.  1843. 

Giava,  the  Italian  name  of  Java. 

Giavc,  jfl'vA,  a  village  on  the  island  of  Sardinia,  23 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Sassari.     Pop.  1823. 

Giavcno,  ji-vi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  17 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Turin.     Pop.  9633. 

Gibail)  a  town  of  Syria.    See  Jebail. 

Gibara,  or  Jibara,  nc-b&'r&,  a  seaport  village  of  Cuba, 
on  its  N.  coast,  100  miles  E.  of  Puerto  Principe. 

Gibbon,  ghib'bgn,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Buffalo 
CO.,  Neb.,  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  183  miles  AV.  by 
S.  of  Omaha,  and  12  miles  E.  of  Kearney  Junction.  It  has 
3  churches,  2  banks,  a  public  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
roIlpr-mill,  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  646. 

Gib'bon's  Glade,  a  post-hamlet  of  Payette  co..  Pa., 
12  miles  S.  of  Falls  City. 

Gib'bonsville,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Lemhi 
CO.,  Idaho,  on  tho  North  Fork  of  Salmon  River,  40  miles 
N.  of  Salmon  City.     It  has  gold-mines  and  a  stamp-mill. 

Gibbsboro,  ghibz'biir-ruh,  a  hamlet  of  Camden  co., 
N.J.,  in  Watcrford  township,  2  miles  E.  of  Kirkwood  Sta- 
tion, and  about  12  miles  S.E.  of  Camden.  It  has  a  manu- 
factory of  white  lead,  Prussian  blue,  chrome  yellow,  and 
Other  pigments. 

Gibb's  Cross  Roads,  post-office,  Cumberland  CO.,  N.C. 

Gibb's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of  Macon  co., 
Tcnn.,  35  miles  E.  of  Qallatin.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
flour-mill. 

GibbstOAvn,  ghibz'town,  a  village  and  station  of 
Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  on  tho  Delaware  Shore  llailroad,  8  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Woodbury. 

Gibbsville,  ghibs'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sheboygan 
fo.,  Wis.,  on  Onion  River,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Sheboygan. 

Gibcnh,  a  town  of  Palestine.     Sec  Jeba. 

Gibelliiia,jo-b61-leo'n4,  a  village  of  Sicily,  30  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Trapani.     Pop.  5827. 

Gibello,  a  village  of  Italy.    Sec  Zibello. 

Gibcon,  ghib'e-pn,  a  post-office  of  Noble  co.,  0. 

Gib'csonville,  a  post-village  of  Hocking  co.,  0.,  in 
Laurel  township,  about  26  miles  N.E.  of  Chillicothc.  It 
has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  pumps  and  wagons. 

Giboldchausen.    See  Gieboldkhausen. 

Gibralcon,  ne-bri-li-On',  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  8  miles  N.  of  Huelva,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Odiel. 
Pop.  4238.    It  has  an  ancient  palace  of  the  Dukes  of  Bejar. 

Gibraltar,  je-brawl't^r  (Sp.  pron.  nc-bril-tau' ;  It. 
Ci4i7<erra,  jee-bil-tfin'ni ;  anc.  Cal'pe  ;  Arab.  Jehel-Tarik, 
jdb'cl-ti-reek' — the  "  Hill  of  Tarik,"  a  Berber  leader,  who 
conquered  the  fort  in  711),  a  town  and  strongly  fortified 
rock  at  the  S.  extremity  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  belonging 
to  Great  Britain.  Lat.  36°  9'  N. ;  Ion.  6°  21'  AV.  This  re- 
markable fortress,  which  forms  the  key  to  the  Mediterranean, 
is  connected  with  the  continent  by  a  low  sandy  isthmus,  ij 
miles  long  and  i  mile  broad,  having  the  Bay  of  Gibraltar 
on  tho  W.,  and  tho  open  sea  of  the  Mediterranean  on  the 
E.  Near  the  point  of  junction  of  this  isthmus  with  the 
mainland  are  the  Spanish  lines,  between  which  and  the  rock 
is  a  space  called  the  "  Neutral  Ground."  The  highest  point  of 
the  rock  is  about  1400  feet  above  sea-level ;  its  N.  face  is 
almost  perpendicular,  while  its  E.  side  is  full  of  tremendous 


precipices.  It  terminates  at  its  S.  extremity  in  what  ii 
termeil  Europa  I'oint.  On  tho  W.  side  it  is  less  steep  than 
on  the  E.,  and  between  its  base  and  the  sea  is  a  narrow 
span  almost  level,  on  which  tho  town  is  built.  Here  tho 
rock  is  secured  by  extensive  and  powerful  batteries,  ren- 
dering it  apparently  impregnable.  When  seen  from  a 
ship's  dock,  no  appearance  of  vegetation  j)rofent8  it^iclf  on 
the  rock,  the  whole  having  a  barren  and  forbidding  n.-pcct; 
but  it  is  not  in  reality  so  destitute  in  this  ret<poct  as  it  seems  ; 
acacia,  fig,  and  orange  trees  grow  freely,  together  with  a 
great  variety  of  odoriferous  plants. 

Vast  sums  of  money  and  immense  labor  have  been  spent 
in  fortifying  this  stronghold.  Numerous  caverns  and  gal- 
leries, extending  from  2  to  3  miles  in  length,  and  of  suf- 
ficient width  for  carriages,  have  been  cut  in  the  solid  rock, 
forming  safe  and  sheltered  communications  from  one  part 
of  the  garrison  to  another  in  cases  of  attack.  Along  these 
galleries,  at  intervals  of  every  12  yards,  are  port-holej 
bearing  upon  the  neutral  ground  and  bay;  while  trees, 
shrubs,  and  flowers  of  various  kinds  have  been  planted  at 
different  points,  both  for  ornament  and  utility.  On  the 
summit  of  the  rock  there  are  barracks,  towers,  and  for- 
tresses. Of  late  years  the  fortifications  have  been  carefully 
strengthened  at  every  vulnerable  point.  The  principal  de- 
fences are  on  the  W.  side,  fronting  tho  bay;  but  there  is 
also  a  battery  on  the  E.,  though  the  steepness  of  the  rock 
renders  it  almost  unnecessary. 

The  town  of  Gibraltar,  situated,  as  already  remarked,  oa 
a  plain  between  the  W.  declivity  of  the  rock  and  the  sea, 
consists  chiefly  of  one  spacious  street,  about  half  a  mile  in 
length,  lined  with  shops,  and  paved  and  lighted.  The 
principal  buildings  are  the  governor's  and  lieutenant- 
governor's  houses,  the  admiralty,  naval  hospital,  victualling- 
office,  and  barracks,  and  a  handsome  theatre.  Gibraltar  is 
the  see  of  an  Anglicon  bishop,  and  there  arc  Protestant  and 
Roman  Catholic  churches,  Jewish  synagogues,  regimental 
and  public  schools,  public  libraries,  <tc.  Tliere  are  also  a 
lunatic  asylum,  almshouses,  Ac.  Tho  water  for  the  supply 
of  tlie  town  and  garrison  is  collected  during  tho  rainy 
season,  tho  roofs  of  the  houses  being  so  constructed  as  to 
receive  the  falling  rain,  which  subsequently  finds  its  way  to 
a  tank  beneath,  with  which  every  house  is  provided.  Gib- 
raltar is  a  free  port,  and  an  entrepot  for  the  distribution  of 
British  manufactures  to  tho  Barbary  States  and  to  tho 
diflfcrent  countries  bordering  on  tho  Mediterranean,  and  it 
is  the  seat  of  a  large  contraband  trade  with  Spain.  No 
executive  or  legislative  council  exists  here,  the  administra- 
tion being  vested  in  the  governor,  who  is  also  commander- 
in-chief  of  the  troops,  and  the  settlement  being  treated  as 
a  garrison-town,  the  power  of  enacting  laws  being  vested  in 
tho  governor  alone.  All  criminal  cases  are  determined  ac- 
cording to  the  laws  of  England. 

Gibraltar,  under  the  name  of  Calpc,  and  Mount  Abyla, 
now  called  Apes'  Hill,  opposite  to  it  on  tho  African  coast, 
were  called  by  the  ancients  tho  Pillars  of  Hercules,  and  in 
very  early  ages  were  regarded  by  the  people  dwelling  E.  of 
them  as  the  western  boundary  of  the  world.  Gibraltar 
came  into  possession  of  the  English,  by  conquest,  in  1704 ; 
it  has  been  since  repeatedly  besieged,  but  always  without 
success.  Pop.  in  1873  (exclusive  of  garrison),  18,695;  in 
1881,  18,381 ;  in  1891,  19,859.     See  Strait  of  Gidraltau. 

Gibraltar,  a  post-village  of  W.ayne  co.,  Mich.,  on  tne 
Detroit  River,  at  its  entrance  into  Lake  Erie.  1  mile  from 
Gibraltar  Station  of  the  Canada  Southern  Railroad.  It  is 
mainly  supported  by  ship-building  and  the  manufacture  of 
lumber.     Gibraltar  Station  is  19  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Detroit. 

Gibraltar,  a  station  on  the  Atchison  k  Nebraska  Rail- 
road, on  or  near  the  Missouri  River,  and  very  near  the 
state  line  of  Nebraska  and  Kansas,  40  miles  N.N.AV.  of 
Atchison,  Kansas. 

Gibraltar,  a  post-village  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Wil- 
mington &  Reading  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Reading.  It 
has  2  churches,  and  public  schools. 

Gibraltar,  a  township  of  Door  co..  Wis.     Pop.  702. 

Gibson,  ghib's^n,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  In- 
diana, bordering  on  Illinois,  has  an  area  of  about  490  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  AVhite  and  Wabash 
Rivers,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Patoka  River.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating;  tho  soil  is  fertile.  'Indian  corn,  wheat, 
grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has 
bods  of  bituminous  coal.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Evansville 
&  Terre  Haute  and  Louisville,  Evansville  A  St.  Louis  Rail- 
roads. Capital,  Princeton.  Pop.  in  1870, 17,371 ;  in  1880, 
22,742;  in  1890,  24,920. 

Gibson,  a  county  of  West  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of 
about  615  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by  Rutherford's 
Fork  of  Obion  River,  and  by  the  North  and  Middle  Forks 


GIB 


1267 


GIH* 


of  Forked  Deer  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly 
level,  and  about  three-fourths  of  it  is  covered  with  forests 
of  black  walnut,  cypress,  gum,  hickory,  oak,  and  tulip- 
tree.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
intersected  Isy  3  railroads, — tne  Mobile  &  Ohio,  the  Illinois 
Central,  and  the  Louisville  &  Nashville,  the  first  named 
passing  through  Trenton  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1S70,  25,666  ; 
in  1880,  32,685  J  in  1890,  35,859. 

Gibson,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Glascock  co.,  Ga.,  on 
Kocky  Comfort  Creek,  about  60  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of 
Augusta.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a 
high  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  197. 

Gibson,  or  Gibson  City,  a  post-village  of  Ford  co., 
111.,  in  Drummer  township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Paducah  Rail- 
road where  it  crosses  the  Gilman,  Clinton  &  Springfield 
Railroad,  and  on  the  Bloomington  division  of  the  Wabash 
Railroad,  22  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Fairbury,  34  miles  E.  of 
Bloomington,  and  14  miles  W.  of  Paxton.  It  has  9 
churches,  2  banks,  an  academy,  2  newspaper  offices,  iron- 
works, a  tile-factory,  and  a  canning-worka.  Pop.  in  1890, 
1803. 

Gibson,  Clarke  co.,  Ind.     See  Prather. 

Gibson,  a  township  of  AVashington  co.,  Ind.     P.  1625. 

Gibson,  a  post-office  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich. 

Gibson,  a  post-village  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
N.  bank  of  the  Chemung  River,  near  the  Erie  Railroad,  1 
mile  below  Corning.  It  has  a  church,  a  hotel,  and  manu- 
factures of  lime.     Pop.  372. 

Gibson,  a  township  of  Mercer  co.,  0.     Pop.  1100. 

Gibson,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  0. 

Gibson,  a  township  of  Cameron  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1236. 
It  contains  Driftwood. 

Gibson,  a  post-village  of  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  in  Gib- 
son township,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Scranton.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  about  200  j  of 
the  township,  1368. 

Gibson,  a  post-village  of  Gibson  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Louisville  &  Memphis  Railroad,  6  or  7  miles  N.E.  of  Hum- 
boldt.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  seminary. 

Gibson,  a  township  of  Manitowoc  co..  Wis.    Pop.  1809. 

Gibsonburg,  ghib's^n-biirg,  a  post-village  of  Sandusky 
CO.,  0.,  in  Madison  township,  on  the  Mansfield,  Tiffin  A 
Toledo  Railroad,  22  miles  S.S.E.  of  Toledo,  and  13  miles 
W.  of  Fremont.  It  has  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
manufactures  of  lime,  lumber,  &c.     Pop.  in  1890,  585. 

Gibsonburg,  a  borough  of  Lackawanna  co..  Pa.,  is  in 
the  Lackawanna  Valley,  near  the  Delaware  &  Hudson  Rail- 
road, about  11  miles  N.N.E.  of  Scranton.  It  is  mainly 
supported  by  operations  in  anthracite  coal.     Pop.  1156. 

Gibson  City,  Illinois.    See  GiBsojf. 

Gibson's  Landing,  a  post-office  and  cotton-shipping 
point  in  Concordia  parish,  La.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  18 
miles  above  Natchez. 

Gibson's  Landing,  a  post-office  and  ferry  of  De 
Kalb  CO.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Caney  Fork  of  the  Cumberland,  7 
miles  E.  of  Smithville. 

Gibson's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richmond  co.,  N.C. 

Gibson's  Station,  a  post-village  of  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  23  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Chicago. 
It  has  a  church  and  manufactures  of  baskets  and  cigars. 

Gibson's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Creek  Nation,  In- 
dian Territory,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad, 
1  miles  N.AV.  of  Fort  Gibson,  and  55  miles  S.  of  Vinita. 

Gibson's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Guernsey  co.,  0., 
on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  11  miles  E.  of  Cam- 
bridge.    It  has  a  church,  a  planing-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Gibson's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Lee  co.,  Va.,  4 
miles  E.  of  Cumberland  Gap. 

Gibsonville,  ghib'sgn-vil,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Ala. 

Gibsonville,  a  post-village  of  Sierra  co.,  Cal.,  about 
60  miles  N.E.  of  Marysville,  and  7  miles  S.  of  Pilot  Peak. 
Gold  is  found  hero. 

Gibsonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Leicester  township,  on  the  Genesee  River,  10  or  11  miles 
E.  of  Warsaw.     It  has  a  paper-mill. 

Gibsonville,  a  post-village  of  Guilford  co.,  N.C,  on 
the  North  Carolina  Railroad,  66  miles  W.N.W.  of  Raleigh. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Gibsonville,  a  hamlet  of  Hocking  co.,  0.,  23  miles 
N.E.  of  Chillicothe.    Pop.  67. 

Gibsonville,  a  post-office  of  Russell  co.,  Va. 

Giczin,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Gitschin. 

Gid'deusvillc,  a  hamlet  of  Duplin  co.,  N.C,  6  miles 
from  Faison's  Depot. 

Gid'dings,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lee  oo.,  Tex.,  on 
the  Austin  Branch  of  the  Houston  <Ss  Texas  Central  Rail- 


road, 58  miles  E.  of  Austin,  and  35  miles  W.  of  Brcnham. 
It  has  8  churches,  a  bank,  a  free  school,  a  newspiiper  office, 
a  soda-water  factory,  brick-works,  and  a  manufactory  of 
dentists'  supplies.     Pop.  in  1890,  1203. 

Giddy  Swamp,  a  township  of  Lexington  co.,  S.C. 

Gide^,  or  Gided-Elf,  yid'e-o-6lf,  a  river  of  Sweden, 
enters  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia  60  miles  N.E.  of  Ilernosand, 
after  a  S.E.  course  of  100  miles.  Near  its  mouth  is  the  vil- 
lage of  Gidei. 

Gid'haur,  or  Gid'hore,  a  ruined  and  deserted  town 
of  India,  district  and  40  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Monghir. 

Gicboldehausen,  or  Giboldehausen,  ghee'bol- 
dgh-hSw'z^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  14  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Gottingen.     Pop.  2142. 

Gien,  zhe-iN"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loiret,  on  the  Loire, 
37  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Orleans.  It  has  a  fine  ancient 
castle  and  a  spacious  quay.     Pop.  6493. 

Gicngen,  gheeng'^n,  a  town  of  AViirtemberg,  24  miles 
S.S.E.  of  EUwangen,  on  the  Brcnz.     Pop.  2836. 

Gicrsdorf,  ghce'^rs-douf^  a  village  of  Prus.«ia,  in 
Silesia,  government  and  S.AV.  of  Licgnitz.     Pop.  1420. 

Gicsim,  ghec^sim',  a  town  of  Nubia,  on  the  Rahad,  a 
tributary  of  the  Nile,  123  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sennaar. 

Giesmannsdorf,  ghees'milnns-doBf^  (Ober,  o'b^r, 
SIiTTEL,  mit't^l,  and  Niedeu,  ncc'd^r),  three  contiguous 
villages  of  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Buntzlau. 
Pop.  2230, 

Giesmannsdorf,  a  village  of  Prussia,  province  of 
Silesia,  circle  of  Sprottau.     Pop.  1220. 

Giessen,  ghces's§n,  a  town  of  Germany,  duchy  of 
Ilf.sse,  capital  of  Ober-IIessen,  on  the  Lahn,  at  the  junction 
of  several  railways,  33  miles  N.N.W.  of  Frankfort.  It  was 
formerly  fortified,  and  is  irregularly  built,  but  it  has  some 
good  edifices,  including  the  castle,  now  the  scat  of  the  pro- 
vincial government,  the  arsenal,  town  hall,  and  observatory, 
Its  university,  founded  in  1607,  is  famous  for  its  school  of 
jhcmistry,  and  has  a  library  of  150,000  volumes  and  some 
manuscripts,  collections  in  natural  history,  ifec.  Giessen 
has  also  a  normal  school,  a  school  of  forest  economj',  and 
other  institutions  of  learning,  on  which  its  prosperity 
mainly  depends.     Pop.  13,858. 

Gieterveen,  ohee't^r-vain',  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  Drenthe,  10  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Assen. 

Giethoorn,  ghee'tonn,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Overyssel,  16  miles  N.  of  ZwoUo.     Pop.  1734. 

Gilford,  ghiff^rd,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  4  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Haddington.  Pop.  455.  Knox,  the  Reformer, 
was  born  here  in  1505. 

Gilford,  ghirf9rd,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Hot 
Spring  CO.,  Ark.,  on  the  railroad  from  Little  Rock  to  Tex- 
arkana,  39  miles  S.W.  of  Little  Rock. 

Gilford,  a  post-village  of  Champaign  co..  III.,  about  7 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Rantoul.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
and  grain-elevators.     Pop.  about  400. 

Gilford,  a  post-village  of  Hardin  co.,  Iowa,  in  Union 
township,  on  the  Iowa  River,  and  on  the  Central  Railroad, 
6  miles  S.  of  Eldora.  It  has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
flouring-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  cigar-factory. 

Gilford,  a  hamlet  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  1  mile  from 
Tuckerton. 

Gilford's,  a  station  in  Richmond  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Staten  Island  Railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Edgewater. 

Gifhorn,  ghif'honn,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  on 
the  Ise,  at  its  junction  with  the  Aller,  36  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Hanover.     Pop.  2806. 

Gigantinu,  je-gS.n-te-noo',  a  mountain  in  the  island 
of  Sardinia,  a  little  S.E.  of  Tempio,  4101  feet  high.  It  rises 
almost  perpendicularly  from  the  surrounding  plain. 

Gigelli,  a  town  of  Algeria.     See  Jijeli. 

Gig'glcswick,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  York,  AVest 
Riding,  on  the  Ribble,  1  mile  AV.N.AV.  of  Settle.  It  has  a 
celebrated  grammar-school.  Giggleswick  Tarn  is  a  consid- 
erable lake  near  the  village. 

Gigha,  ghee'gi,  one  of  the  Hebrides,  in  Scotland,  3J 
miles  from  Kintyre.     Pop.  386. 

Gigighinsk,  or  Gigiginsk,  Siberia.    See  Jijiginsk. 

Giglio,  jeel'yo,  or  Isola  di  Giglio,  ee'so-13,  dee 
jeel'yo  (anc.  IijiU'him),  an  island  in  the  Mediterranean, 
belonging  to  Italy,  10  miles  S.A7.  of  Mount  Argentaro. 
Pop.  1930,  mostly  collected  in  the  village  of  Giglio. 

Gignac,  zheen'yik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Horault,  15 
miles  S.E.  of  LodSve,  on  the  H6rault.     Pop.  2653. 

Gignod,  jeen-yod'  (L.  Gino'dium),  a  town  of  Italy,  3 
miles  N.N.AV.  of  Aosta.    Pop.  1417. 

Giguela,  iie-gd'li,  a  river  of  Spain,  joins  the  Gaa< 
diana  25  miles  N.E.  of  Ciudad  Real.     Length,  90  miles 

Gihawla,  a  town  of  Moravia.    See  Iglau 


am 


126S 


&th 


Gihon,  a  river  of  Asiit.    Soo  Amoo-Darta. 

<iiiiKHin8k,  or  GUiRinsk.    See  Jijiginsk. 

(<U**"i  JUoii,  or  Xij(>n«  Ho-bOn',  a  fortiHod  seaport 
town  ol'S|min,  i)rovinco  luul  11  miles  N.N.E.  of  Oviedo,  on 
the  Uwy  of  Uiaoay.  It  is  the  terminus  of  two  railwtiys.  It 
ii  handsome,  and  has  a  triumphal  arch,  a  collegiate  church, 
a  high  school,  a  sohool  of  navigation,  and  a  publio  library, 
with  manufactures  of  stoneware,  hats,  and  linen  fabrics, 
an  active  export  trado  in  filberts  and  fruits,  and  an  import 
trade  in  oolunial  produce.     Pup.  6522. 

Giln  (hee'l&)  llcnd^  a  post-office  of  Pima  co.,  Arizona, 
on  the  Uilu  Itivcr,  about  50  miles  S.W.  of  Phoenix. 

Gilad,  ghoeMid',  a  village  of  Hungary,  oo.  of  Tomeivar, 
on  an  arm  of  the  Temes.     Pop.  3S91. 

Ciiilun,  a  province  and  village  of  Persia.    See  Ohilan. 

Giln  (hce'li)  River  rises  in  the  W.  part  of  New  Mex- 
ico, and,  after  a  course  of  about  130  miles,  passes  into  Ari- 
cono.  It  runs  generally  westward  through  an  arid  and 
sterile  region,  diversified  by  mountains  and  table-lands,  and 
enters  the  Colorado  River  in  Yuma  co.,  Arizona,  at  the 
E.G.  extremity  of  California.  Its  length  is  estimated  at 
650  miles.  Gold  and  silver  are  found  near  this  river  in 
Arizona,  and  the  ruins  of  numerous  towns  occur  on  its  banks. 
Its  largest  affluents  are  the  Kio  Verde,  Rio  Santa  Cruz,  and 
Rio  San  Pedro. 

Gilbert)  ghil'b^rt,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  3  miles  above  Davenport.  It  has 
manufivctures  of  brooms  and  wine. 

Gilbert,  Story  co.,  Iowa.    See  Gilbert's  Station. 

Gilbert,  a  post-hamlot  of- Muskingum  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Muskingum  River,  and  on  the  Cincinnati  A  Muskingum 
Valley  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Zanesville. 

Gilbert,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co..  Pa.,  on  the  line 
between  Chestnut  Hill  and  Polk  townships,  16  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Lehighton.     It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  and  saw-mills. 

Gilbert,  a  post-office  of  Logan  co.,  W.  Va. 

Gilbert  Cove,  a  post-village  in  Digby  co.,  Nova  Sco- 
tia, on  St.  Mary's  Bay,  15  miles  from  Digby.     Pop.  200. 

Gilbert  Hollow,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lexington  co., 
S.C.,  on  the  Charlotte,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  10 
miles  W.  of  Lexington.  It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 
It  is  in  a  pine  forest.    Pop.  of  Gilbert  Hollow  township,  872. 

Gilbert  Islands,  or  Kings'mill  Gronp,  a  group 
of  15  islands  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  between  lat.  1°  S.  and  2° 
30'  N.  and  Ion.  172°  and  174°  30'  E.  They  are  of  coral 
formation,  all  low,  the  soil,  which  is  but  a  few  inches  in 
depth,  being  of  coral  sand  and  vegetable  mould.  Their 
cultivation  consists  for  the  most  part  in  that  of  the  cocoa- 
nut,  taro,  and  pandanus,  which  are  the  chief  articles  of 
food.  The  bread-fruit  tree  is  to  be  found  on  the  N.  islands. 
Pop.  of  the  group  estimated  at  35,000,  mostly  Protestant 
Christians.  This  group  is  the  southernmost  in  the  Mulgrave 
Archipelago,  and  the  southeasternmost  in  Micronesia. 

Gilberton,  ghil'b^r-tpn,  a  post-borough  of  Schuylkill 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Mahanoy  township,  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Read- 
ing Railroad,  in  a  valley  between  Broad  and  Bear  Ridge 
Mountains,  4  miles  from  Mahanoy  City.  Including  Maha- 
noy Plane,  it  has  6  churches.  About  2500  tons  of  coal  are 
mined  here  daily.     Pop.  in  1880,  3098;  in  1890,  3687. 

Gilbert's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kane  co.,  111.,  on  the  Chi- 
cago &  Northwestern  Railroad  (Freeport  Line),  7i  miles 
N.W.  of  Elgin.  It  has  a  church.  Much  milk  is  shipped 
here.     Pop.  100. 

Gilbert's,  a  station  in  Darke  co.,  0.,  on  the  Columbus 
&  Chicago  division  of  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis 
Railroad,  3  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bradford  Junction. 

Gilbertsborough,  a  post-office  of  Limestone  co.,  Ala. 

Gilbert's  Creek  Station,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln 
CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  Richmond  Branch  of  the  Louisville  & 
Nashville  Railroad,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Richmond. 

Gilbert's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Schroeppel  township,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Pennellville  Station. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  cheese,  flour,  lum- 
ber, and  salt. 

Gilbert's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Paulding  co.,  0.,  12 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Van  Wert.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  saw-mill. 

Gilbert's  Peak,  of  the  Uintah  Mountains,  is  near  the 
N.  border  of  Wasatch  co.,  Utah,  in  lat.  40°  50'  N.  Its  alti- 
tude is  computed  to  be  13,182  feet  above  tide-water.  Its 
top  is  covered  with  perpetual  snow. 

Gilbert's  Station  of  the  Fort  Wayne,  Muncie  &  Cin- 
cinnati Railroad  is  4  miles  N.W.  of  Cambridge  City,  Ind. 

Gilbert's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Story  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Franklin  township,  on  the  Des  Moines  &  Minneapolis 
Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Ames. 

Gilbertsville,  ghirb^rts-vll,  a  post-office  of  Marshall 
CO.,  Ky.,  at  Clear  Pond.  I ''''•.,^*  '',*!!' 


Gilbertsville,  a  post-village  of  Otsego  oo.,  N.Y.,  45 
miles  S.  of  Utica.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  nn  aciidumy, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  a  sash-,  blind-,  and  door-fuctory. 
Pop.  about  500. 

Gilbertsville,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa., 
about  19  miles  K.  of  Heading. 

Gilbertville,  ghirb^rt-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Black 
Hawk  CO.,  Iowa,  on  Cedar  River,  11  miles  S.E.  of  AVaterloo. 

Gilbertville,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Hard  wick  township,  on  Ware  River,  and  on  the  Ware  River 
Railroad,  31  miles  E.N.E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  2  churches, 
and  a  miinufaetory  of  blankets,  Ac.     Pop.  about  1500. 

Gilbertville,  Quebec.     Bee  River  Gilbrrt. 

Gil  boa,  ghiPbu'a,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Ind. 

Gil  boa,  a  post-village  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.V.,  in  Gilboa 
township,  on  Schoharie  Creek,  about  42  miles  S.W.  of  Al- 
bany. It  is  3i  miles  from  Moresville  Station.  It  contains 
3  churches,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  foundry. 
Pop.  about  600;  of  the  township,  1718. 

Gilboa,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co.,  0.,  in  Blanchard 
township,  on  Blanohard's  Fork,  about  15  miles  W.  of  Find- 
lay,  and  7  miles  E.  of  Ottawa.  It  has  2  churches,  an  acade- 
my, and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  264. 

Gil'by,  a  post-village  of  Grand  Forks  co.,  N.D.,  24  miles 
by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Grand  Forks.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
bank^  a  newspaper  office,  A,e.     Pop.  300. 

Gilchrist,  a  post-township  of  Popeco.,  Minn.,  16  miles 
N.E.  of  Benson.     It  has  several  lakes.     Pop.  260. 

Gildersleeve,  ghil'd^r-slcev,  a  post-village  of  Middle- 
sex CO.,  Conn.,  in  Portland,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Connecti- 
cut River,  2  miles  above  Middletown.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  high  school,  a  noted  ship-yard,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and 
manufactures  of  cigars,  flour,  carriages,  Ac.  Ice-liarve.«ting 
and  tobacco-packing  are  carried  on  here.     Pop.  about  1500. 

Gildone,  jil-do'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  4 
miles  from  Campobasso.     Pop.  2534. 

Gilead,  ghil'e-ad  (Arab.  Je6-c^/i7arf,  j4b-?l-je-l&d'),  a 
mountain  in  Syria,  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  the  Dead  Sea,  lat. 
32°  7'  N.,  Ion.  35°  46'  E.,  and  near  the  extremity  of  the 
region  of  Gilcad,  which  extended  for  some  distance  north 
ward  along  the  E.  side  of  the  river  Jordan. 

Gilead,  ghil'e-ad,  a  post-office  of  Tolland  co.,  Conn. 

Gilcad,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calhoun  co..  111.,  in  Gilead 
township,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  42  miles  above 
Alton.     Pop.  60 ;  of  the  township,  498. 

Gilead,  a  post-village  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.,  about  26 
miles  N.E.  of  Logansport. 

Gilead,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Oxford  co.,  Me., 
on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  and  on  the  Androscoggin,  80 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Portland.     It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  329. 

Gilead,  a  post-hamlet  of  Branch  co.,  Mich.,  in  Gilead 
township,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Bronson,  and  about  60  miles  S.AV. 
of  Jackson.  It  has  a  church.  The  township  has  3  churchea 
and  a  pop.  of  762. 

Gilead,  a  post-hamlet  in  Highland  township,  Lewia 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Middle  Fabius  River.     It  has  3  churches. 

Gilead,  a  township  of  Morrow  co.,  0.  Pop.  2017.  It 
contains  Gilcad  Station  and  Mount  Gilead. 

Gilead,  Wood  co.,  0.    See  Grand  Rapids. 

Gilead  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morrow  co.,  0.,  in 
Gilead  township,  on  the  Cleveland,  Columbus,  Cincinnati  & 
Indianapolis  Railroad,  13  miles  S.  of  Galion,  and  2  miles 
W.  of  Mt.  Gilead.  It  has  about  25  residences,  2  ware- 
houses, and  a  planing-mill. 

Gilena,  Jilena,  or  Xilena,  ne-li'ni,  a  village  of 
Spain,  in  Andalusia,  province  and  66  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Se- 
ville.    Pop.  1993. 

Giles,  jilz,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee,  bordering  on 
Alabama,  has  an  area  of  about  666  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  Elk  River,  and  also  drained  by  Richland  Creek, 
which  enters  that  river  in  the  S.  part  of  the  county.  The 
surface  is  moderately  uneven  or  hilly,  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  cedar,  black  walnut,  locust,  yellow 
poplar,  (fee.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  cotton, 
cattle,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  in- 
tersected from  N.  to  S.  by  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Rail- 
road, which  passes  through  Pulaski,  the  ca[)itiil  of  the  county. 
Pop.  in  1870,  32,413;  in  1880,  36,014;  in  1890,  34,957. 

Giles,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Virginia,  has  an 
area  of  about  446  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
New  or  Kanawha  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Walker's 
Creek.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests.  A  large  part  of  it  is  too  rocky  or 
steep  for  cultivation.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  grass  are 
the  staple  products  of  the  soil.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Norfolk  &  Western  Railroad.  Capital,  Pearisburg.  Pop. 
in  1870,  6875;  in  1880,  8794;  in  1890,  9090. 


narL 


1269 


GIL 


I 


Giles  Coiirt-IIouse,  Virginia.    See  Pearisburg. 

Giles'  Mills,  a  village  of  Sampson  co.,  N.C.,  about  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Clinton,  the  capital  of  the  county.  It  has  2 
Btores. 

Gilesville,  jilz'vil,  a  station  in  McKean  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Buffalo,  Bradford  <fc  Philadelphia  Railroad,  26  miles  S. 
of  CarroUton,  N.Y. 

Gilford,  ghil'f^rd,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Down,  on 
the  Bann,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Banbridge.  Pop.  2720.  Gil- 
ford Castle  is  in  the  vicinity. 

Gilford,  ghil'f^rd,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Tus- 
cola CO.,  Mich.,  10  miles  N.  of  Vassar.     Pop.  512. 

Gilford,  a  township  of  Belknap  co.,  N.II.  It  con- 
tains Gilford  Village,  also  a  part  of  Laconia  and  a  part  of 
Lake  Village.  It  lies  on  Lake  "Winnepesaukee,  and  has 
important  manufactures.     Pop.  3361. 

Gilford,  or  Gilford  Village,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bel- 
knap CO.,  N.II.,  in  Gilford  township,  about  25  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Concord,  and  3  miles  E.N.E.  of  Laconia.  It  has  2 
churches,  and  manuftxcturcs  of  hosiery,  lumber,  machinery, 
cotton  goods,  leather,  &c, 

Gilford,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Tex. 

Gilford,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  49  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Toronto.     Pop.  200. 

Gilgal,  ghil'gal,  a  post-office  of  Scriven  co.,  Ga.,  9 
miles  S.W.  of  Sylvania. 

Gil  gal,  a  hamlet  of  Pike  co..  III.,  on  the  Mississippi 
River,  about  22  miles  below  Hannibal. 

Gilge,  ghil'gh^h,  a  river  of  Prussia,  one  of  the  mouths 
of  the  Memol,  falls  into  the  Curische-Haff  34  miles  N.E. 
of  Kiinigsbcrg.     Pop.  1635. 

Gilgenburg,  ghil'gh§n-booRG^  (Polish,  Bombrowno, 
dom-brov'no),  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  32  miles  N.E.  of 
Konigsberg.     Pop.  1769. 

Gilghit,  or  Gilgit,  ghirghit',  a  province  of  Western 
Thibet,  in  part  conquered  by  Cashmere,  of  which  dominion 
it  forms  the  N.W.  angle.  It  is  a  part  of  the  region  called 
Dardistan,  and  its  people,  of  Indo-European  race,  are  called 
Dards  or  Kendschut.  They  are  not  highly  civilized,  and 
the  nature  of  their  country,  one  of  the  wildest  mountain- 
regions  in  the  world,  is  more  conducive  to  freedom  and 
warlike  habits  than  to  material  progress. 

Gilham,  ghil'am,  a  station  in  Madison  co..  111.,  on  the 
Edwardsvillo  Railroad,  near  Edwardsville  Crossing. 

Giling-Auting,  jeeHing'-awHing',  or  GiPi-ang', 
and  Gilion,  je-le-on',  two  small  islands  in  the  Malay 
Archipelago,  off  the  E.  end  of  Madura. 

Gill,  ghil,  a  lake  of  Ireland,  in  Connaught,  co.  and  2 
miles  S.E.  of  Sligo.     Length,  4  miles. 

Gill,  ghil,  a  township  of  Sullivan  eo.,  Ind.,  on  the  Illi- 
nois line.     Pop.  2135.     It  contains  Mervin. 

Gill,  a  post-township  of  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  about  40 
miles  N.  of  Springfield,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  and  S.  by  the 
Connecticut  River.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  (1890)  960. 

Gillam,  ghil'lam,  a  township,  Jasper  co.,  Ind.     P.  635. 

Gillem,  ghil'lem,  a  station  on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloom- 
ington  &  Western  Rajlroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Bloomington,  111. 

Gillein's  (ghil'l^mz)  Station,  a  post-haralot  of  Dick- 
son CO.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  ifc  St.  Louis 
Railroad,  50  miles  W.  of  Nashville.  It  has  a  church,  a 
flour-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  and  an  academy. 

Gillespie,  ghil-les'pee,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part 
of  Texas,  has  an  area  of  about  900  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Perdinales  River  (a  branch  of  the  Colorado 
River)  and  Grape  and  Sandy  Creeks,  also  affluents  of  the 
Colorado.  The  surfoce  is  uneven  and  partly  covered  with 
forests.  Cattle  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products. 
Capital,  Fredericksburg.  Pop.  in  1870,  3566;  in  1880, 
6228;  in  1890,  7056. 

Gillespie,  a  post-village  of  Macoupin  co..  111.,  on  the 
Indianapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Alton. 
It  has  2  or  3  churches,  2  flour-mills,  a  carriage-factory,  and 
a  money-order  post-office.     Pop.  about  500. 

Gillespieville,  ghil-les'pe-vll,  a  post-office  of  Ross  co., 
0.,  at  Londonderry,  a  hamlet  about  11  miles  E.S.E.  of  Chil- 
licothe.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  163. 

Gillet,  one  of  the  Feejee  Islands.    See  Rambe. 

Gillett,  Bradford  co..  Pa.    See  South  Cregk. 

Gillett,  jiriet',  a  post-township  of  Oconto  co.,  Wis., 
about  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  the  town  of  Green  Bay.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Oconto  River.     Pop.  375. 

Gillette,  jiriet',  a  post-hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Passaic  township,  on  the  New  Jersey  West  Line  Railroad, 
19  miles  W.  of  Newark. 

Gil lett's,  jilMets',  a  station  in  Lafayette  co.,  Wis.,  on 
the  Galena  &  Southern  Wisconsin  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of 
Galena. 


Gillett's  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Clay 
CO.,  Iowa.     Pop.  220. 

Gill'ford,  a  townshipof  Wabasha  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  836, 

Gill  Hall,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa. 

Gilliamsvillc,  ghil-yams-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Buck- 
ingham CO.,  Va.,  35  miles  N.W.  of  Powhatan  Station.  It 
has  a  church. 

Gillingham,  ghil'ling-am,  atown  of  England,  in  Kent, 
forming  a  suburb  and  part  of  the  borough  of  Chatham 
Pop.  19,936;  of  parish,  20,160. 

Gil'lingham,  a  post-office  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa. 

Gil'lis  Bluff,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  20.3. 

Gillise's  (ghil'lis-^s)  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Hardin  co., 
Tenn.,  35  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bethel.     Here  is  a  lumber-mill. 

Gillisonville,ghil'l5-s9n-yil,  a  decayed  post-village  of 
Hampton  co.,  S.C,  about  60  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Charleston. 
It  has  a  church  and  10  families. 

Gillmore,  ghil'mor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wolfe  co.,  Ky., 
45  miles  from  Mount  Sterling.     It  has  3  churches. 

Gillmore,  a  township  of  Isabella  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  11a. 

Gillolo,  an  island.     See  Gilolo. 

Gillsburg,  ghilz'bSrg,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Jack- 
son CO.,  111.,  on  the  Cairo  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  83  miles  S.K. 
of  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Gill's  Creek,  a  township  of  Lancaster  co.,  S.C.  Pop- 
2040.     It  contains  Lancaster. 

Gill's  (ghilz)  Landing,  a  station  in  Waupaca  co., 
Wis.,  on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  10  miles  E.S.E, 
of  Waupaca,  at  the  crossing  of  the  navigable  Wolf  River. 

Gill's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rowan  co.,  Ky.,  28  miles 
E.  of  Mount  Sterling.     It  has  a  flouring-mill. 

Gillsville,  ghilz'vil,  a  post-office  of  Hall  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Northeastern  Railroad,  32  miles  N.N.W.  of  Athens. 

Gilly,  zheer3'eo'  or  zhee'yee',  a  village  of  Belgium,  ia 
Hainaut,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Charleroi. 

Gil  man,  ghil'man,  a  post-village  of  Iroquois  co.,  III., 
on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Toledo, 
Peoria  <fc  Warsaw  Railroad,  81  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Chicago, 
53  miles  E.  of  El  Paso,  and  68  miles  E.N.E.  of  Clinton.  It 
is  the  N.E.  terminus  of  the  Oilman,  Clinton  &  Springfield 
Railroad.  It  has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  5  churches,  a 
cheese-factory,  and  a  broom-factory.     Pop.  about  1500. 

Gilman,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Ind.,  in  Mon- 
roe township,  on  the  Lafayette,  IMuncie  &  Bloomington 
Railroad,  lOJ  miles  W.N.W.  of  Muncie.     It  has  a  church. 

Gilman,  a  post- village  of  Marshall  co.,  Iowa, in  Green- 
castle  township,  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  Iowa,  14  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Marshalltown.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank, 
a  graded  school,  2  churches,  and  10  stores.     Pop.  about  80l>. 

Gilman,  a  townshipof  Osceola  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  401. 

Gilman,  a  post-township  of  Pierce  eo.,  Wis.,  about  24 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Hudson.     Pop.  723. 

Gilman's  Depot,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Sullivan 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Port  Jervis  &  Monticello  Railroad,  5  miles 
S.  of  Monticello.  It  has  2  steam  lumber-mills  and  a  tannery. 

Gilmanton,  ghil'man-tpn,  a  township  of  Benton  co., 
Minn.     Pop.  297. 

Gilmanton,  a  post-village  of  Belknap  co.,  N.II.,  in 
Gilmanton  township,  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Concord,  and  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Tilton.  It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1642. 

Gilmanton,  or  Gilmantown,  a  post- village  of  Buf- 
falo CO.,  Wis.,  in  Gilmanton  township,  on  the  Buffalo  River, 
about  28  miles  S.S.W.  of  Eau  Claire.  It  has  a  flour-mill. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  504. 

Gilmanton  Iron-Works,  a  post-village  of  Belknap 
CO.,  N.H.,  in  Gilmanton  township,  11  or  12  miles  S.E.  of 
Laconia.     It  has  2  churches  and  several  mills. 

Gilmer,  ghil'mor,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  460  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  Connasauga  and  Coosawattee  Rivers.  The  surface  is 
diversified  with  picturesque  mountain-scenery.  Among  the 
highest  points  of  this  county,  which  is  adjacent  to  the  Blue 
Ridge,  are  Cohuttah  and  Tallona  Mountains.  Indian  corn, 
grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Gold  and  marble 
are  found  nere.  It  is  intersected  from  N.  to  S.  by  the 
Marietta  &  North  Georgia  Railway.  Capital,  Ellijay. 
Pop.  in  1870,  6644;  in  1880,  8386;  in  1890,  9074. 

Gilmer,  a  central  county  of  West  Virginia,  has  an  area 
of  about  250  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Little 
Kanawha  River  and  Leading  Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly 
and  mostly  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  partly  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  grass,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products.  Iron 
ore  is  found  here.  Capital,  Glenville.  Pop.  in  1870,4338: 
in  1880,  7108;  in  1890,  9746. 

Gilmer,  a  station  of  Lowndes  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Mobile 
&  Montgomery  Railroad,  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Montgomery. 


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Cvilmer,  a  township  of  Adams  ec,  III.    Pop.  Ii25. 

Gilmer^  a  poct-offico  of  Lake  co.,  III.,  36  mtlos  N.N.W. 
U  Chlengo. 

Ciilmer,  a  township  of  Qullford  oo.,  N.C.  Pop.  2311. 
It  contains  a  part  of  Greonsborough. 

Gilmer,  a  poet-vtlll^;o,  capital  of  Upshur  co.,  Texas,  is 
100  miles  (direct)  E.  of  Dalliui,  and  about  40  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Miirsliall.  It  has  2  churohes,  a  high  school,  and  a  no«T8- 
papor  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  591. 

liiilnier's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Quilford  co.,  N.C. 

Gilmertoii,  ghil'm^r-t^n,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co. 
and  4  miles  S.E.  of  Edinburgh.     Pop.  765. 

Ciilmorc,  ghil'more,  a  station  on  the  Western  &  At- 
lantic Uailroud,  10  miles  N.  of  Atlanta,  Ga. 

Cvilinore,  a  station  in  Effingham  co.,  III.,  on  the  Ohio 
A  Mississippi  Railroad  (Springfield  division),  8U  miles  S.E. 
of  Springfield.     Here  is  Welton  Post-Office. 

Gilin«»re,  a  post-office  of  Sarpy  oo.,  Neb.,  on  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Omaha. 

Giimore,  a  poet-villago  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.,  about 
40  miles  8.  of  Canton.  It  has  2  churches,  a  union  school, 
and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  133. 

Gilmore,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  West 
Virginia  line.     Pop.  70:<.     It  afi"ords  coal  ond  li.uestone. 

Gilmore,  an  oil-village  of  McKcan  co.,  Pa.,  in  Rrad- 
ford  township,  on  the  Olcan,  Bradford  A  Warren  Railroad, 
i  mile  E.  of  Derrick  City.     Here  are  several  oil-wells. 

Gilmore  City,  a  post-village  of  Pocahontas  co.,  Iowa, 
8  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Rolfe.  It  has  a  graded  school,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  a  creamery.     Pop.  about  700. 

Ciilmore's  Mills,  a  post-hamlct  of  Rockbridge  co., 
.Va..  on  the  James  River  Canal,  2  miles  from  the  Natural 
Bridge.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  limo-kiln.  Near  it  are 
i  churches. 

Gilolo,  je-lo'lo,  Gillolo,  DJillolo,  or  Jilolo,  jil- 
lo'lo,  or  Ilalmahera,  hil-m&-h4'r&,  a  considerable  island 
jn  the  Malay  Archipelago,  on  the  equator,  Ion.  128°  E., 
separated  from  Colobos  by  the  Molucca  Passage,  and  from 
Coram  by  Pitt's  Passage.  Estimated  area,  6500  square  miles. 
Like  Celebes,  it  consists  of  four  peninsulas,  radiating  N., 
E.,  and  S.  from  a  common  centre.  The  interior  is  moun- 
tainous, and  in  many  parts  densely  %voodcd ;  tho  coasts  are 
inhabited  by  Malays,  tho  interior  by  a  rude  but  inoffcn- 
eive  race  of  Alfooras.  The  products  are  sago,  cocoanuts, 
/jpiccs,  fruits,  edible  birds'-nests,  pearls  and  gold-dust, 
horses,  horned  cattle,  and  sheep.  Tho  imports  are  mostly 
from  tho  Dutch  East  India  settlements,  and  comprise 
manufactured  goods,  opium,  china-ware,  and  iron.  The 
island  is  subdivided  into  several  petty  states.  Principal 
towns,  Ossa  and  Gilolo.  The  whole  island  is  under  the 
Dutch  supremacy. 

Gilolo  Passage,  separating  the  above  island,  on  the 
E.,  from  the  islands  of  Waigeoo,  Batanta,  and  Mysol,  is 
from  100  to  140  miles  across. 

Gilpaigoan,  ghil-pi-g5n',  written  also  Gilpaigou, 
a  town  of  Persia,  in  Irak-Ajemee,  100  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Ispahan. 

(•ilpin,  ghil'pin,  a  small  county  in  the  N.  central  part 
of  Colorado,  comprises  part  of  the  Rocky  Mountains.  Among 
its  prominent  features  is  James  Peak,  13,283  feet  high. 
This  county  is  connected  with  Denver  by  the  Colorado  Cen- 
tral Railroad.  It  contains  gold-mines  which  are  perhaps 
the  richest  in  the  state.  Silver  and  copper  are  also  found 
here,  and  lead-mining  and  lead-smelting  are  important 
industries.  Gilpin  co.  has  an  area,  as  officially  estimated, 
of  150  square  miles.  Capitil,  Central  City.  Pop.  in  1870, 
6490;  in  1880,  6489;  in  1890,  586". 

Gilpin,  a  post-office  of  Indiana  co..  Pa. 

Gilpin's  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caroline  oo.,  Md., 
on  the  Choptank  River,  about  10  miles  below  Deuton. 

Gilroy,  ghiTroy',  a  post-town  of  Santa  Clara  co.,  Cal., 
in  Gilroy  township,  and  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  30 
miles  S.E.  of  San  Jos^,  and  30  miles  N.E.  of  Ciistroville. 
It  has  a  bank,  6  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  the  Gilroy 
Seminary,  a  steam  flour-mill,  a  tobacco- factory,  machine- 
chops,  a  brewery,  &o.  It  is  surrounded  by  fertile  land 
adapted  to  pasture  and  dairies.  Pop.  1694;  of  the  town- 
ship,  3268. 

Gilroy  Hot  Springs,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort 
of  Santa  Clara  co.,  Cal.,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Gilroy  Station. 
It  has  medicinal  springs,  a  large  hotel,  and  several  cottages. 

GiisMand,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Cumberland,  8 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Brampton.     It  has  medicinal  springs. 

Gil  son,  ghir89n,  a  post-village  of  Kno.x  co..  III.,  on  the 
Galesburg  &  Peoria  Railroad,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Galesburg. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Gil  son,  apost-rillage  of  Adams  co.,  Neb.,  on  the  Little 


Blue  River,  10  miles  S.  of  Hastings.  It  has  a  chair-fao- 
tory  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Gilsuin,  ghil'sum,  a  post-village  of  Cheshire  co.,  N.II., 
9  miles  N.  of  Kecne.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  3  woollen-mills.     Pop.  640. 

Gimbshcira,  ghimps'himo,  a  village  of  Germany,  is 
Hesse,  9  miles  N.AV.  of  Worms.     Pop.  2142. 

Gimcna,  several  towns  of  Spain.    See  Jme.VA. 

Gimignano,  je-meen-y4'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Tus- 
cany, 20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Florence.     Pop,  8094. 

Gimino,  je-moe'no,  a  town  of  Austro-Hungary,  in  Is- 
tria,  00  miles  S.W.  of  Fiume.    Pop.  3700. 

Gimli,  gcom'leo,  i.e.,  "paradise,"  a  town  of  Canada, 
capital  of  the  Icelandic  colony  in  tho  district  of  Keewatin. 
It  is  on  the  W.  shore  of  Lake  AVinnipog,  65  miles  N.  of  the 
town  of  Winnipeg.     Pop.  about  500. 

Gimone,  zhce'mon',  a  river  of  Franco,  joins  the  Oa- 
ronno  about  3  miles  S.  of  Castel-Sarrasin.   Length,  05  miles. 

Gimont,  zheo'm6N»',  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Gers,  on  the 
Gimone,  16  miles  E.  of  Auch.     Pop.  2113. 

Ginevra  and  Ginebra.    See  Geneva. 

Gingce,  or  Jhiiui,  jin'jee,  a  fortified  town  of  British 
India,  80  miles  S.W.  of  Madras.  It  has  extensive  fortifica- 
tions, a  remarkable  seven-storied  tower,  a  pagoda,  a  mosque, 
a  castellated  palace,  various  military  works,  and  some  inter- 
esting ruins. 

Gingelom,  ning'hi-lom^  or  zhAN^^zh^h-li.v"',  a  villag* 
of  Belgium,  48  miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Brussels.  Pop.  700. 

Gin'gerbread  Ground,  a  dangerous  reef  of  the  Ba- 
hama Islands,  35  miles  S.  of  the  Great  Bahama.  Lat.  25" 
56'  N. ;  Ion.  78°  25'  E. 

Gin'ger  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Pa., 
about  20  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg, 

Ginger  Island,  one  of  the  Virgin  Islands,  in  the  West 
Indies,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Tortola. 

Ginghamsburg,  ghing'amz-burg,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Miami  co.,  0.,  in  Monroe  township,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Tippe- 
canoe, and  about  12  miles  N.  of  Dayton.    It  h.as  2  churches. 

Gingras,  ghin'gras,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of 
Dakota.  Area,  1512  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Dakota  River,  which  rises  within  its  limits. 

Ging's  Station,  Indiana.     See  Ar.vold. 

Gingst,  ghingst,  a  village  of  Prussia,  on  the  W.  side 
of  the  island  of  Riigen,  in  the  Baltic.     Pop.  1308. 

Ginncken,  iiin'nd.-k^n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  North  Brabant,  1  mile  S.E.  of  Breda.     Pop.  850. 

Ginn'es  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  W.  Va. 

Ginodium,  the  Latin  name  of  GiGNon. 

Ginosa,  or  Genosa,  j^-no'si,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Lecce,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Taranto.     Pop.  6950. 

Gin'town,  a  post-office  of  Worth  co.,  Ga. 

Gioia,  a  city  of  Italy.    See  Gioja. 

Gioj,  jo'ee,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Salerno,  6 
miles  N.W.  of  Vallo.     Pop.  1843. 

Gioja,  jo'yA,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Aquila,  15 
miles  S.E.  of  Avezzano.     Pop.  2392. 

Gioja,  or  Gioia,  a  city  of  Italy,  province  of  Bari,  33 
miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Taranto.     Pop.  13,094. 

Gioja,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta,  6  mile* 
S.E.  of  Piedimonte.     Pop.  3353. 

Gioja,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Reggio  di  Cala- 
bria, 27  miles  N.E.  of  Reggio,  near  the  gulf  of  its  own 
name.  It  was  almost  destroyed  by  the  earthquake  of  1783. 
Pop.  2117. 

Giojosa,  jo-yo'si,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Reggio 
di  Calabria,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Gerace.     Pop.  8488. 

Giojosa,  a  town  of  Sicily,  on  its  N.  coast,  5  miles  N.W. 
of  Patti.  It  was  built  at  the  foot  of  the  mountain  on  which 
stood  Giojosa  Vecchio  (or  Old  Giojosa).     Pop.  4667. 

Giorgiev,  or  Giorgief,  Roumania.    See  Giukcevo. 

Giornico,  jon'ne-ko  (Ger.  Ir'nis),  a  town  of  Switzer- 
land, canton  of  Ticino,  on  the  Tessin,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Bellinzona.     Pop.  707. 

Gioura,  one  of  the  Grecian  Islands.    See  Gvaros. 

Giovata,  jo-v4'ti,  a  small  seaport  town  of  Asia  Minor, 
at  the  head  of  the  Gulf  of  Cos  (here  called  the  Gulf  of  Giova, 
jo'vi),  50  miles  E.  of  Boodroom. 

Giovenazzo,  jo-vi-nit'so  (anc.  Natiolam),  a  fortified 
seaport  town  of  Italy,  province  and  12  miles  by  rail  N.W. 
of  ISari,  on  a  peninsula  in  the  Adriatic.  Pop.  0000.  It  baa 
a  cathedral,  convents,  hospitals,  and  a  castle. 

Gipps'land,  the  southeastern  portion  of  the  colony 
of  Victoria  and  of  Australia.  Area,  13,398  square  miles. 
It  is  a  mountainous  and  well-timbered  country,  with  many 
fertile  plains  and  great  mineral  wealth.    Chief  town,  Sale. 

Giraglia,  je-r&l'y4,  a  small  island  in  the  Mediterra* 
nean,  li  miles  off  the  N.  extremity  of  Corsica.       .,ujii,vt 


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Girapetra,  je-ri-pi'tri,  a  small  maritime  town  of  the 
island  of  Crete,  on  its  S.  coast. 

Girard,  j?-rard',  a  village  of  Russell  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Chattahoochee  River,  opposite  Columbus,  Ga.  It  is  the 
northeast  terminus  of  the  Mobile  <fc  Girard  Railroad,  and  is 
adjacent  to  Brownville,  Lee  co.  It  has  2  churches.  A 
bridge  over  the  river  connects  Girard  with  Columbus. 

Girard,  a  station  in  Kern  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Southern 
Pacific  Railroad  (Tulare  division),  131  miles  S.E.  of  Tulare. 

Girard,  a  post-office  of  Burke  co.,  Ga. 

Girard,  a  post-village  of  Macoupin  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  25  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Spring- 
field, and  13  miles  N.N.E.  olF  Carlinville.  It  has  5  churches, 
a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  coal-mine.  Pop.  in 
1880,  1024;  in  1890,  1524. 

Girard,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Crawford  co.,  Kansas, 
on  the  Missouri  River,  26  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Fort 
Scott,  and  24  miles  N.  of  Columbus.  It  is  connected  with 
Joplin,  Mo.,  by  the  Joplin  Railroad.  It  has  a  court-house, 
2  banks,  6  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  stove-foundry,  and 
machine-shops.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.     Coal  is  found  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  2541. 

Girard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richland  parish,  La.,  on  Boeuf 
Bayou,  and  on  the  Vicksburg,  Shrcveport  &  Texas  Railroad, 
64  miles  W.  of  Vicksburg,  Miss.     It  has  3  stores. 

Girard,  a  post-village  of  Branch  co.,  Mich.,  in  Girard 
township,  6  or  7  miles  N.  of  Coldwater,  and  about  32  miles 
S.W.  of  Jackson.  It  has  a  saw-mill,  2  general  stores,  and 
a  drug-store.     Pop.  about  300;  of  the  township,  1313. 

Girard,  a  post-office  of  Saline  co..  Neb. 

Girard,  a  post-village  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ma- 
honing River,  5  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Youngstown,  also 
on  the  Painesville  &  Youngstown  Railroad,  and  on  the 
Mahoning  division  of  the  Atlantic  <fe  Great  Western  Rail- 
road. Coal  is  mined  near  this  place.  It  ha«  4  churches,  a 
savings-bank,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  tannery, 
an  iron-furnace,  a  rolling-mill,  a  flour-mill,  and  manu- 
factures of  leather  belting  and  stoves.     Pop.  about  2500. 

Girard,  a  township  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.,  bounded  S. 
by  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna.     Pop.  490. 

Girard,  a  post-township  of  Erie  co..  Pa.,  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  Lake  Erie,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Erie  & 
Pittsburg  Railroad.  Pop.  2018.  It  contains  the  boroughs 
of  Girard  and  Lockport. 

Girard,  a  post-borough  of  Erie  co..  Pa.,  in  Girard 
township,  2  miles  from  Lake  Erie,  on  the  Erie  &  Pittsburg 
and  Lake  Shore  Railroads,  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Erie  city, 
and  about  30  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Meadville.  Its  station  on  the 
Lake  Shore  Railroad  is  at  Miles  Grove.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  national  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
manufactures  of  wrenches,  sash,  <fec.     Pop.  in  1890,  626. 

Girard,  a  station  in  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Cata- 
vrissa  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  East  Mahanoy  Junction. 

Girard  Manor,  a  post-town  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  in 
East  Union  township.  It  is  on  Catawissa  Creek,  and  on  the 
Catawissa  &  Williamsport  Branch  Railroad,  16  miles  N.W. 
of  Tamaqua,  about  8  miles  S.W.  of  Hazleton,  and  116  miles 
from  Philadelphia.  It  has  a  church,  several  steam  saw- 
mills, and  valuable  coal-mines. 

Girard  Point,  a  village  in  the  26th  ward  of  Philadel- 
phia, Pa.,  on  the  Schuylkill,  near  its  mouth.  It  is  the  ter- 
minus of  a  branch  railroad,  and  has  grain-elevators,  and 
docks  for  the  Red  Star  and  Blue  Star  lines  of  European 
steamers. 

Girard'ville,  a  post-village  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  railroad  which  connects  Ashland  with  Pottsville,  3  miles 
E.  of  the  former.  It  contains  4  churches.  It  is  supported 
chiefly  by  coal-mines,  from  which  a  large  quantity  of  an- 
thracite is  annually  exported.     Pop.  in  1890,  3584. 

Girdland,  ghird'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Pa., 
in  Oregon  township,  8  miles  N.  of  Ilonesdale.  It  has  a 
tannery,  a  lumber-mill,  Ac. 

GirMleness',  a  headland  of  Scotland,  oo.  of  Kincar- 
dine, forming  the  S.  point  of  the  entrance  of  the  Dee,  2 
miles  S.  of  Aberdeen.  It  has  a  light-house  with  2  fixed 
lights.     Lat.  57°  8'  N. ;  Ion.  2=  3'  W. 

Gir'dle  Tree  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co., 
Md.,  on  the  railroad  between  Snow  Hill  and  Franklin,  6 
miles  S.  of  Snow  Hill.  It  has  2  churches,  4  stores,  and  a 
lumber-mill.     Pop.  about  150. 

Girgeh,  or  Jirjeh,  jeSR'jfih,  written  also  Djirdjeh, 
Girga,  and  Girgheh,  a  town  of  Upper  Egypt,  in  a 
province  of  its  own  name,  on  the  Nile,  60  miles  N.W.  of 
Thebes.  It  has  several  mosques,  a  government  cotton- 
factory,  a  school,  attended,  a  few  years  ago,  by  100  boys, 
and  a  Latin  convent,  the  oldest  Roman  Catholio  establish- 
ment in  Egypt.     Pop.  200O. 


Girgeh,  or  Girga,  a  province  of  Upper  Egypt,  trav- 
ersed  by  the  Nile.    Capital,  Soohag.    Pop.  520,000. 

Girgenti,orGergenti,jlR-j6n'tee(ano. -45rrj«7cn'<ttm), 
a  city  of  Sicily,  96  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Palermo,  nearly 
1200  feet  above  the  sea,  4  miles  distant  by  rail.  It  has  an 
imposing  external  appearance,  but  is  irregularly  laid  out. 
The  public  buildings  are  large,  though,  except  the  publio 
seminary,  library,  and  museum,  they  are  without  merit ; 
the  principal  are  a  cathedral  of  the  thirteenth  century,  with 
some  antiquities  and  treasures  of  art,  and  a  great  many 
other  churches  and  convents.  On  the  coast  is  a  port,  called 
Porto  Empedocle,  with  a  mole  built  in  1756,  two  light- 
houses, extensive  corn-magazines,  a  prison,  and  warehouses 
for  brimstone.  The  extensive  remains  of  the  ancient  city, 
E.  of  the  modern  town,  comprise  the  magnificent  temple 
of  Concord,  the  most  perfect  existing  structure  of  early 
Greek  architecture,  the  remains  of  a  vast  tempU  of  the 
Olympic  Jupiter,  the  tomb  of  Theron,  and  portions  of  the 
temples  of  Juno,  Hercules,  Vulcan,  Castor  and  Pollux,  <tc. 
Porto  Empedocle  is  the  chief  port  in  Sicily  for  the  export 
of  sulphur ;  the  other  principal  exports  are  corn,  almonds, 
sumach,  oil,  and  soda.  Girgenti  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  tho 
capital  of  a  province.     Pop.  20,000. 

Girgenti,  a  province  on  tho  S.W.  coast  of  Sicily,  com- 
prising an  area  of  1491  square  miles.     P.  (1884)  336,093. 

Girifaico,  je-re-f3,l'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
9  miles  S.W.  of  Catanzaro.     Pop.  4548. 

Girin  Oula,  Manchooria.    See  KiRijf  Cola. 

Girishk,  gheeVishk',  a  fort  and  village  of  Afghanistan, 
on  the  Ilelmund.     Lat.  31°  46'  N. ;  Ion.  64°  13'  E. 

Girjeh,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  GincEn. 

Giromagny,  zhee'ro^min^yee',  a  town  of  France  ta 
Haut-Rhin,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Belfort.     Pop.  3858. 

Giron,  Jiron,  Xiron,  ne-rOn',  or  Gironn,  He-ro'n4, 
a  town  of  the  United  States  of  Colombia,  state  of  Boyaca, 
46  miles  W.  of  Pamplona. 

Gironde,  je-r6nd'  (Fr.  pron.  zhee'rixd'),  an  estuary  of 
Western  France,  formed  by  the  union  of  the  Garonne  and 
Dordogne.  Length,  50  miles.  It  is  navigable,  but  greatly 
encumbered  with  sand-banks,  and  subject  at  flood-tide  to  a 
heavy  bore  termed  tnascaret. 

Gironde,  a  department  in  rbe  S.W.  of  France,  formed 
of  part  of  the  old  province  of  Guienne,  and  having  W.  tho 
Bay  of  Biscay,  Area,  3714  square  miles.  Surface  gener- 
ally level,  and  all  the  W.  portion  is  a  sand-flat,  interspersed 
with  lagoons,  and  termed  tho  "  landes."  Principal  rivers, 
the  Garonne  and  Dordogne,  with  the  estuary  of  Gironde 
formed  by  their  union.  Most  of  tho  claret  wines  are 
grown  in  this  department,  the  vineyards  in  which  form  its 
chief  source  of  wealth.  There  are  stone-quarries  and 
smelting-works,  but  few  mines.  Gironde  is  divided  into  6 
arrondissements.  Chief  towns,  Bordeaux  (the  capital), 
Bazas,  and  Blaye.    P.  in  1886,  775,845;  in  1891,  793,628. 

Girty,  ghir'te,  a  post-hamlet  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa.,  in 
South  Bend  township,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Apollo.  It  has  a 
pottery  and  a  saw-mill. 

Girvan,  gheer'van,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr, 
flows  westerly  into  the  Irish  Sea,  opposite  Ailsa  Craig. 

Girvan,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  at  the  mouth  of  the  above 
river,  co.  and  17  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Ayr.  It  is  mostly 
inhabited  by  cotton-weavers,  and  has  a  town  hall,  2  branch 
banks,  and  a  harbor  with  about  9  feet  of  water.    Pop.  4791. 

Girwan,  ghirVan',  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Banda  dis- 
trict.    Pop.  6670. 

Gish's  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Roanoke  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad,  60  miles  W.  of 
Lynchburg.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  3  stores,  and 
manufactures  of  bricks,  flour,  and  leather. 

Gisors,  zheo'zon',  a  town  of  France,  in  Eure,  on  the 
Epte,  at  a  railway  junction,  19  miles  S.W.  of  Beauvais. 
It  has  a  very  remarkable  old  castle,  partly  built  by  Henry 
II.  of  England,  a  curious  mediaeval  church,  a  communal 
colkge,  an  active  trade  in  grain,  and  manufactures  of  cot- 
ton, merinos,  leather,  Ac.     Pop.  3590. 

Gisser,  ghis's^r,  one  of  the  Banda  Isles,  Malay  Archi- 
pelago.    It  is  low  and  sandy,  surrounded  by  a  coral  reef. 

Gissi,  jis'see,  a  town  of  Naples,  province  of  Chieti,  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Vasto.     Pop.  3400. 

Gissigheim,  ghis'siG-hIme\  a  village  of  Baden,  on 
the  Brehm.     Pop.  981. 

Gisweil,  ghis''*ile,  or  Gyswyl,  ghis'^il,  a  villngt 
of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Unterwalden,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Sarnen.     Pop.  1786. 

Gits,  Hits  (Fr.  pron.  zheet),  a  village  of  Belgium,  prov- 
ince of  West  Flanders,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Ypres.    Pop.  3825. 

Gitschin,  or  Giczin,  ghitch'in,  a  walled  town  of  Bo- 
hemia, on  the  Czidlina  (chid-lee'ni),  and  on  a  railway,  50 


GIT 


1272 


OLA 


milM  N.£.  of  Prague.  It  has  n  fine  onstle,  built  by  WaU 
lenstein,  a  gymna«iam,  a  reaUcbule,  a  Jesuit  college,  oad  a 
ho«iiiUl.     Pun.  6670. 

Gittell,  ghit'tjl,  or  GitteldOf  ghit'tilM^b,  a  toirn  of 
Qsruinny,  36  luilon  S.S.W.  of  Brunswick.     Pop.  1303. 

(aitt'S  (gliitd)  Run,  a  stiitiou  in  York  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
fianovor  &  York  lUilrond,  2  miles  N.E  of  Hanover. 

Uiubiasco,  joo-be-&8'ko,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  in 
Ticino,  2  miles  S.W.  of  liollintona.   Pop.  of  commune,  1540. 

(•iugliunU)  jool-y&'no, a  town  of  Italy,  6  milos  N.N.W. 
of  Niii>li-''.     Pop.  11,772. 

(Jiiilnmcrk,  Asiatic  Turkey.    See  Joolamerk. 

(•iulia,joo'l9-Jl,  Giulianova*  jooM^-^-no'vA,  orGiu- 
linniiuva,  joo'lec-&-noo-o'v&  (ano.  Cattrum  Novum),  a 
town  of  Itivly,  province  of  Teramo,  near  the  Adriatic,  25 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Pesoara.     Pop.  4781. 

Giiiliana,  joo-1e-il'n&,  a  seaport  village  of  Dalmatia, 
on  the  S.  side  of  the  peninsula  ot  Sabionoelio,  15  milos  E. 
by  S.  of  Curiola. 

Giuliana,  joo-le-&-n&,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  and 
33  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Palermo.     Pop.  3614. 

Giuliauova,  or  Giulianuova.    Sec  Gidlia. 

tiiiiliopoli,  joo-lo-op'o-Ie,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
of  Chieti,  24  miles  S.  of  Lanciano.     Pop.  1055. 

Giupana«  joo-pi'ni,  or  Scipan,  she-p&n',  an  island 
of  Dalmatia,  in  the  Adriatic,  near  the  coast,  3  milos  S.  of 
Slano.     Length,  5  miles.     Pop.  860. 

Giiira,  the  Italian  name  of  Jura. 

Giurftevo,  or  Giurgewo,  joor-ji'vo,  written  also 
DschurdshoAva,  joor-jo'vi,  and  Schiurschewo, 
shoor-shi'vo  ( Roumanian, ^(((rf/i'x,  joor^joo'),  a  town  of  Rou- 
mania,  on  the  Danube,  opposite  Roustchook,  40  miles  by 
rail  S.  by  W.  of  Bucharest.     Pop.  20,880. 

Giussano,  joos-si'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and 
18  miles  N.  of  Milan.     Pop.  of  commune,  4500. 

Giusvalla,joos-virii,  a  village  of  Italy,  about  21  milos 
S.S.W.  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  927. 

Givct)  ihee'vi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ardennes,  on  the 
Meuse,  at  a  railway  junction,  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Mezifires, 
on  the  Belgian  frontier.  Here  are  extensive  forts  and  bar- 
racks, a  military  hospital,  and  on  an  adjacent  height  is  the 
eitadel  of  Charlcmont.     Pop.  5275. 

Giv'in,  a  post-village  of  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Central  Railroad  of  Iowa  and  the  Des  Moines  Valley  Rail- 
road, 6  miles  S.  of  Oskaloosa.  It  has  2  churches.  Coal  is 
mined  here. 

Givors,  zheeVoR',  a  town  of  France,  in  RhQno,  at  a 
railway  junction,  17  miles  S.  of  Lj'ons,  and  on  the  Rhone, 
near  where  it  is  joined  by  the  Gicr  River  and  the  Canal  of 
Givors.  It  has  glass-works,  tanneries,  furnaces,  and  silk- 
factories,  and  a  trade  in  coal  and  coke.     Pop.  10,856. 

Givry,  zhceVree',  a  town  of  France,  in  SaOne-et-Loire, 
6  miles  W.  of  Chalons-sur-Sa&ne.     Pop.  2071. 

Gizeh)  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Gheezeh. 

Gjat,  or  Gjatsk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Gzhatsk. 

Glacier  (glas'e-^r)  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  in  lat. 
39°  34'  N.,  Ion.  105°  62'  18"  W.  It  has  an  altitude  of 
12,654  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Gladbach)  towns  of  Germany.  See  Bekgisch-Glad- 
BAcn  and  MOnchen-Gladdach. 

Glad'dice,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Tcnn.,  32 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Lebanon.    It  has  a  seminary. 

Glade,  a  station  in  Douglas  co.,  Col.,  on  the  Denver  & 
Rio  Grande  Railroad,  38  miles  S.  of  Denver. 

Glade,  a  post-ofiice  of  Catahoula  parish,  La. 

Glade,  Somerset  co..  Pa.    See  New  Cextkeville. 

Glade,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Pa.,  bounded  S.E.  by 
the  Alleghany  River.     Pop.  899. 

Glade  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Alleghany  oo.,  N.C. 
Pop.  640. 

Glade  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bledsoe  co.,  Tenn.,  35 
miles  E.  of  McMinnville. 

Glade  Farms,  a  post-office  of  Preston  co.,  TV.  Va. 

Glade  Fork  of  the  Cheat  River  rises  in  Randolph 
CO.,  W.  Va.,  runs  in  a  N.N.E.  direction,  and  enters  the  Dry 
Fork  in  Tucker  co. 

Glade  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Va. 

Glade  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co..  Pa.,  about 
20  miles  N.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Gladenbach,  gli'd?n-b4K\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Hesse-Nassau,  9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Marburg.     Pop.  1119. 

Glade  Run,  a  station  in  Madison  co.,  0.,  on  the  Little 
Miami  Railroad,  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Columbus. 

Glade  Run,  a  station  in  Somerset  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
.Pittsburg,  Conncllsville  &  Baltimore  Railroad,  1  mile  AV. of 
Mineral  Point. 
ii-_  i^iadesy  gladz,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  Tenn. 


Gladesboroagh,  gl&dz'bar-rfih,  a  post-hamlct  of 
Randolph  co.,  N.C,  8  miles  S.E.  of  High  Point  Station. 

Gladesborough,  a  post-hamlot  of  Carroll  co.,  Va.,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Ilillsvillo.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Glade  Spring,  a  jwst-villago  of  Washington  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  A  Ohio  Railroad,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Saltville  Branch  Railroad,  13  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Abingdon.  It  is  near  Walker's  Mountain.  It  has  0 
churches,  2  academies,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  600. 
Medicinal  springs  are  found  near  this  village. 

Gladeaville,  glildz' vll,  a  post-hamlct  of  Jasper  co.,  Qa., 
16  miles  N.E.  of  Forsyth.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Gladesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Preston  co.,  W.  Va., 
about  00  milos  S.E.  of  Wheeling.     It  bos  a  church. 

Gladeville,glrid'vH,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilson  CO.,  Tenn., 
about  21  miles  E.  of  Nashville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Gladewater,  glad'wi-t^r,  a  post-village  of  Gregg  co., 
Tex.,  on  the  Texas  A  Pacific  Railroad,  30  miles  W.  of  Mar- 
shall.    It  has  a  church,  a  seminary,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Gladova,  gl&-do'vi  (Turk.  Fct-hlnm,  f5t-isMlm'),  a 
town  of  Servia,  on  the  Danube,  immediately  below  the 
"iron  gate,"  13  miles  S.E.  of  Neu-Orsova.  About  2i  miles 
below  it  are  the  remains  of  the  bridge  built  by  Trajan  across 
the  Danube. 

Glad'»tonc,  a  post-village  of  Henderson  co.,  111.,  10 
miles  by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Burlington,  Mo.  It  has  3 
churches,  and  academies.     Pop.  about  450. 

Gladstone,  a  post-village  of  Delta  co.,  Mich.,  5  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  North  Escanaba.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank, 
a  high  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890, 1337. 

Glad'win,acounty  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Michigan. 
Area,  540  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Tittabawassee 
and  Tobacco  Rivers.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly 
level,  and  partly  covered  with  forests.  The  Jackson,  Lan- 
sing &  Saginaw  Railroad  passes  near  its  N.E.  corner. 
Capital,  Gladwin.     Pop.  in  1S80,  1127;  in  1890,  4208. 

Gladwin,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Gladwin  co.,  Mich., 
28  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  ot  Pinconning.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  <tc.     Poj).  903. 

Glaishammer,  glis'h&m-m^r,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  a 
suburb  of  Nuremberg.     Pop.  3860. 

Glam'mis,  or  Glam'is,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and 
5  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Forfar.  Pop.  377.  Near  by  is  the 
historic  castle  of  Glammis,  with  a  collection  of  antiquities. 

Glamor'gan,  or  Glamorganshire,  gl^-mor'gan- 
shir,  the  southernmost  county  of  Wales,  having  S.  and  W. 
the  Bristol  Channel.  Area,  855  square  miles.  The  surface 
is  mountainous  in  the  N.,  level  in  the  S. ;  the  "  Vale  of 
Glamorgan"  is  of  fertility  unsurpassed  in  Wales.  The  prin- 
cipal rivers  are  the  Tawe,  Neath,  TafF,  Romney,  the  last 
forming  the  boundary  on  the  side  of  Monmouthshire,  and 
on  the  W.  the  Loughor,  which,  with  the  Bury  estuary, 
bounds  N.  the  peninsula  of  Gowcr.  AH  the  N.  jjart  of  this 
county  belongs  to  the  great  coal-field  of  South  Wales.  Large 
iron-works  arc  established  at  Merthyr-Tydvil,  Aberdare, 
and  Ilerwain,  and  smelting-works  at  Swansea  and  Neath. 
The  county  has  numerous  lines  of  railway.  Capital,  CardilT. 
Glamorgan  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons, 
and  its  boroughs  send  four.     Pop.  in  1891,  687,147. 

Glan,  glin,  a  lake  of  Sweden,  in  the  N.E.  part  of  the 
lajn  of  Linkoping,  about  9  miles  long.  The  Motala,  which 
discharges  Lake  Wetter,  after  passing  through  Lake  Roxen, 
enters  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Glan,  and,  issuing  from  its 
E.  extremity,  passes  the  town  of  Norrkjiiping  and  forms  a 
long  estuary,  called  Braviken,  in  the  Baltic. 

Gland'ford-Brigg  (or  Bridge),  a  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  and  24  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lincoln,  on  the  river 
Ancholme.     Pop.  of  township,  1692. 

Glan'don,  a  harbor  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Cork,  3  miles 
AV.  of  Ross  Bsiy,  1  mile  wide,  stretches  inland  about  3  miles. 

Glandon,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Cork,  about  2 
miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  harbor. 

Glan^dore',  a  harbor  on  the  S.  coast  of  Ireland,  en. 
and  34  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cork,  in  lat.  51°  36'  N.,  Ion.  9°  5'  W. 

Glandore,  a  town  and  place  of  resort  on  the  E.  side 
of  the  above  harbor,  contains  many  houses  for  the  accom-- 
modation  of  those  attracted  by  its  situation  and  climate. 

Giandorf,  glin'donf,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover, 
near  Osnaburg.     Pop.  1136. 

Glan'dorf,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  0.,  3  miles  W. 
of  Ottawa.     It  has  2  churches,  woollen-  and  flour-mills,  Ac. 

Glane,  gUn  or  gl&'n^h,  a  stream  of  Switzerland,  joins 
the  Saane  about  3  miles  above  Freyburg. 

Glan^mire',  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  and  5  miles  by 
rail  E.N.E.  of  Cork.     Pop.  330. 

Glan'urorth,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Cork,  b\  milM 
S.S.W.  of  Mitchellstown.    Pop,  673. 


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Glan'worth,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario, 
8  miles  by  rail  S.  of  London.     Pop.  100. 

GlilrnischjglaiB'nish,  a  mountain  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton and  5  miles  S.W.  of  Glarus,  9584  feet  high. 

Glarus,  gli'roSs,  or  Glaris,  gllVeece'  (Romansch, 
Claruna,  kli-roo'ni),  a  town  of  Switzerland,  capital  of  a 
canton  of  its  own  name,  on  the  Linth,  at  the  foot  of  Mount 
Glilrnisch,  7  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Wosen.  It  has  a  church,  a 
hospital,  town  hall,  free  school,  public  library,  and  reading- 
room,  with  manufactures  of  muslins,  printed  cottons,  woollen 
cloths,  and  Sohabzieger  cheese.     Pop.  5516. 

Glarus,  or  Glaris,  a  canton  of  Switzerland,  enclosed 
by  St.  Gall,  the  Grisons,  Schwytz,  and  Uri.  Area,  280 
square  miles.  The  Linth  and  its  affluents  pour  themselves 
into  the  Lake  of  Wallenstatt,  on  its  N.  frontier;  on  all 
other  sides  it  is  hemmed  in  by  high  mountain-ranges,  and 
the  Todi  at  its  S.  extremity,  11,887  feet  in  height,  is  the 
loftiest  summit  in  East  Switzerland.  Orchards  are  nu- 
merous; little  corn  is  produced;  cattle-rearing  and  manu- 
factures of  cotton  and  linen  goods  form  the  chief  occupa- 
tions of  the  inhabitants.     Capital,  Glarus.     Pop.  36,179. 

Glas'co,  a  post-village  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas,  about  1 
mile  N.  of  the  Solomon  River,  and  40  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Salina.     It  has  a  church. 

Glasco,  a  post-village  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hud- 
son River,  3  miles  below  Saugerties,  and  about  8  miles  N. 
of  Rondout.  It  has  2  churches,  an  extensive  brick-yard, 
and  a  trade  in  building-stone.     Pop.  about  800. 

Glas'cock,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an 
area  of  about  90  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W. 
by  the  Ogeechee  River,  and  intersected  by  Rocky  Comfort 
Creek.  The  surface  is  mostly  covered  with  forests;  the  soil 
is  partly  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple 
products.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Augusta,  Gibson  <t 
Sandersville  Railroad.  Capital,  Gibson.  Pop.  in  1870, 
2736;  in  1880,  3577;  in  1890,  3720. 

Glas'cow,  a  village  in  Waterloo  co.,  Ontario,  separated 
from  Bridgeport  by  Grand  River,  2  miles  N.  of  Berlin. 
Pon.  100. 

Gliisen,  glA'z^n,  a  village  of  Prussia,  government  of 
Oppeln.     Pop.  1100. 

Glasenbach,  gli'z^n-biK',  a  village  of  Austria,  duchy 
of  and  near  Salzburg. 

Glasendorf,  gl4'z§n-dour,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  circle 
of  Bidschow, 

GIRsersdorf,  gli'z^rz-doRr,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  cir- 
cle of  Buntzlau. 

Giasersdorf,  and  O'ber  GlAsersdorf,  two  villages 
of  Prussia,  government  of  Liegnitz,  circle  of  Liiben. 

Glas'lbrd,  a  post- village  of  Peoria  co..  111.,  in  Timber 
township,  on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw  Railroad,  18 
miles  S.W.  of  Peoria.  It  has  3  general  stores,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  coal-mine. 

Glas'go,  a  post-office  of  New  London  co.,  Conn.,  6  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Jewett  City.     Here  is  a  paper-mill. 

Glasgow,  glas'go  (L.  Glas'cita),  the  commercial  and 
manufacturing  capital  of  Scotland,  situated  in  the  lower 
ward  of  the  co.  of  Lanark,  on  a  generally  level  tract  of  land, 
on  both  sides  of  the  Clyde,  21  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  42 
miles  W.  by  S.  from  Edinburgh.  Lat.  55°  51'  52"  N. ;  Ion. 
4°  16'  W.  The  city  proper  stands  wholly  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  river.  It  has  numerous  suburbs,  one  group  of  which 
stands  on  the  left  or  south  side  and  is  united  to  Glasgow 
by  three  fine  stone  bridges,  three  suspension-bridges,  and 
numerous  ferries. 

The  name  is  Celtic,  and  is  said  to  signify  "dark  glen," 
in  reference  to  a  ravine  formed  by  the  Molendinar  burn  in 
the  northeastern  part  of  the  city,  on  a  slight  eminence 
overlooking  which  stands  the  cathedral.  This  fine  old  edi- 
fice, founded  in  1187,  may  be  regarded  as  the  nucleus  of 
Glasgow.  In  1190  King  William  the  Lion  erected  Glasgow 
into  a  burgh,  but  for  a  century  and  a  half  it  continued  an 
insignificant  town,  with  a  population  of  not  more  than 
1500.  In  1451  Bishop  Turnbull  founded  the  university, 
which  gave  a  considerable  impetus  to  the  town,  yet  in  1556 
Glasgow  ranked  only  eleventh  among  the  Scottish  burghs. 
In  1600  it  had  12,000  inhabitants,  and  in  1801  77,058.  At 
the  midsummer  of  1874  the  population  of  Glasgow,  with  its 
contiguous  suburbs,  was  estimated  at  636,515.  This  im- 
mense increase,  unparalleled  in  the  Old  World,  is  due  to  its 
fortunate  location  in  the  centre  of  a  great  coal-  and  iron- 
field,  as  also  on  the  banks  of  a  navigable  river,  which  opens 
to  it  the  commerce  of  the  world.  When  by  the  union  of 
England  and  Scotland  the  trade  with  the  American  colonies 
was  thrown  open  to  Scottish  enterprise,  Glasgow  became 
the  centre  of  the  tobacoo-trade.  Later  it  became  a  great 
centre  of  the  sugar-trade;  and  this  trade  the  town  still  re- 
81 


tains.  But  it  is  within  the  present  century  that  Glasgow 
has  become  one  of  the  chief  centres  of  the  cotton-  and 
iron-trades.  On  this  last  trade  is  based  her  special  busi- 
ness of  iron  ship-building  and  machine-making.  In  these 
departments  Glasgow  and  the  Clyde  ports  stand  unri- 
valled, "Clyde-built"  ships  and  engines  being  known  all 
over  the  world.  Almost  incredible  sums  have  been  8]>ent 
in  deepening  and  widening  the  Clyde  and  in  building 
splendid  quays  and  docks.  In  the  beginning  of  the  cen- 
tury the  Clyde  below  the  lowest  bridge  could  at  low 
water  be  forded  on  foot;  now  vessels  of  2000  tons  can 
lie  there  at  anchor  at  all  states  of  the  tide.  Besides  the 
docks  and  quays  along  the  Broomielaw  on  both  sides  of  the 
river,  an  excellent  harbor  has  been  constructed  in  the  city 
on  the  Forth  &  Clyde  Canal.  In  the  manufacture  of  chem- 
icals Glasgow  takes  a  high  place.  Among  other  brancheo 
of  business  largely  followed  are  calico-printing,  dyeing, 
woollen-manufactures,  glass-blowing,  and  brewing. 

The  general  appearance  of  Glasgow  to  one  approaching 
it  from  the  east  is  not  attractive,  yet  it  is,  except  in  the 
older  and  poorer  districts,  a  handsome  city,  with  wide 
well-kept  streets,  the  houses  being  constructed  in  a  supe- 
rior stylo  of  a  fine  white,  generally  polished  freestone.  'The 
squares,  places,  terraces,  crescents,  &e.,  of  the  "  West  End" 
present  as  fine  specimens  of  domestic  architecture  as  are  to , 
be  met  with  anywhere.  These  ranges  are  generally  orna- 
mented with  trees,  miniature  lawns,  and  parterres  gay 
with  flowers.  Tho  streets,  roads,  and  drives  are  especially 
spacious  and  well  kept,  so  that,  as  the  "  West  End"  stands 
generally  on  rising  ground,  a  more  healthy  and  attractive 
residence  near  a  great  city  could  scarcely  be  found. 

The  most  interesting  building  in  Glasgow  is  the  cathedral, 
already  mentioned.  It  is  one  of  the  finest  specimens  of  tho 
early  pointed  style  in  the  kingdom,  and  its  crypt,  with  ita 
richly-groined  roof,  is  unrivalled.  A  lofty  tower  and  spire 
rise  from  the  centre  to  the  height  of  225  feet.  It  has  been 
lately  restored  and  its  windows  enriched  with  st.ained  glass. 
Near  it,  in  the  old  High  street,  stand  the  late  university 
buildings,  erected  about  1650,  and  good  examples  of  tho 
Jacobean  style,  but  now  degraded  into  a  railway  depot. 
The  new  university  buildings,  completed  in  1870,  stand  on 
a  fine  elevated  site  on  the  right  bank  of  tho  Kelvin,  sur- 
rounded by  a  park  of  22  acres.  They  constitute  a  hand- 
some and  extensive  pile,  the  style  being  collegiate  Gothic 
of  the  fourteenth  century  combined  with  some  features  of 
the  Scottish  baronial.  One  of  the  most  magnificent  of  the 
public  buildings  is  tho  Royal  Exchange  in  Queen  street. 
The  county  buildings,  in  connection  with  tho  adjoining 
Merchants'  Hall,  compose  a  ]>ile  of  a  simple  but  im- 
posing character.  Many  of  the  banks  and  insurance  offices, 
the  Tontine,  the  Western  and  New  Club  houses,  the  new 
stock  exchange,  and  several  blocks  composed  of  offices 
and  warehouses  designed  so  as  to  form  one  harmonious 
structure,  are  fine  specimens  of  palatial  street  architec- 
ture. Several  of  the  churches  are  deserving  of  notice  ai> 
creditable  examples  of  architecture.  The  fine  spires  o£ 
some  of  the  latest  built  are  much  admired.  The  Royal  and 
AVestern  Infirmaries  are  also  good  buildings,  and  the  lu- 
natic asylum  of  Gartnanel,  3  miles  W.  of  the  city,  is  re- 
markable for  its  extent  and  completeness. 

There  are  in  Glasgow  and  immediate  suburbs  64  placed 
of  worship  in  connection  with  the  Established  Church  of 
Scotland,  68  with  the  Free  Church,  65  with  the  Unite<i 
Presbyterian,  6  with  the  Reformed  Presbyterian,  12  Epi<' 
copal  churches,  15  Roman  Catholic,  10  Baptist,  14  Congro- 
gationalist,  and  7  Methodist,  with  upwards  of  36  belonging 
to  minor  denominations.  It  is  the  head  of  the  Episcopal 
united  diocese  of  Glasgow  and  Galloway,  and  the  seat  of  a 
Roman  Catholic  archbishop.  The  university  has  27  pro- 
fessors and  1484  matriculated  students.  In  connection 
with  it  are  the  Hunterian  Museum  and  Library,  the  nu- 
cleus of  which  was  bequeathed  by  Dr,  William  Hunter, 
the  celebrtited  anatomist,  in  1787.  Tho  library  numbers 
upwards  of  110,000  volumes,  and  is  being  continually  in- 
creased. Glasgow  University  unites  with  that  of  Aber- 
deen in  sending  a  member  to  Parliament.  The  Ander- 
sonian  University  was  founded  in  1797  for  the  benefit  of 
the  unacademical  classes.  Attached  to  it  is  a  medical 
school  of  good  repute;  some  of  its  chemical  professors  have 
been  men  of  high  eminence.  The  Mechanics'  Institution 
of  Glasgow  was  the  first  of  the  kind  established  in  Great 
Britain,  There  are  also  a  government  school  of  design, 
and  two  normal  schools  for  training  teachers,  besides  n 
Free  Church  theological  seminary.  Secondary  education 
for  boys  is  indifferently  provided  for,  and  there  is  great 
lack  of  means  for  affording  a  proper  education  to  girls. 
Primary  schools  are  now  abundant,  in  accordance  with  th« 


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1274 


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requirements  of  the  Scottish  Education  Act.  In  the  Corpo- 
nilKin  (iiillory  nro  a  valuablo  collection  of  paintings  and  a 
marble  statue  of  I'itt  by  Fla.xraan.  There  are  4  fine  public 
|«rka,  in  one  of  trhich  there  is  an  industrial  museum  free 
to  the  public.  Olosgow  has  also  a  botsnio  garden,  21  acres 
In  extent.  There  are  a  few  open  squares,  the  most  note- 
worthy of  which  is  (Jcorge  Souaro,  in  the  centre  of  the  city, 
the  ranges  of  buildings  enclosing  which  are  among  the  finest 
in  the  city.  Here  are  the  post-office,  several  of  the  chief 
hotels,  and  a  magnificent  block  of  offices  connected  with 
shipping.  The  enclosed  ground  is  neatly  laid  out,  and  con- 
tains many  statues.  There  are  several  other  statues  in  the 
city,  noticeably  those  of  King  William  III.,  of  the  Duke 
of  Wellington  and  Queen  Victoria,  both  by  Maroohotti, 
of  John  Knox  in  the  Necropolis,  <tc. 

There  are  3  daily  morning  and  4  evening  papers,  and 
npwards  of  a  dozen  weekly  papers.  Glasgow  sends  three 
members  to  Parliament.  Pop.  of  city  in  1871,  477,156; 
in  1891,  565,714;  or,  with  suburbs,  792,728. 

Gias'gow,  a  post-hamlet  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  and 
a  station  of  the  Pennsylvania  &  Delaware  Railroad,  7  miles 
N.W.  of  Delaware  City.    It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  about  80. 

Glasgow^  a  post-village  of  Scott  oo..  III.,  3  miles  from 
Aisey  Station,  and  about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Jacksonville. 
It  has  2  churches,  2  carriage- shops,  and  a  flouring-mill. 
Pop.  in  1890,  187. 

Glasgow^  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Iowa,  about 
40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Burlington,  and  10  miles  S.E.  of  Fair- 
field.    It  has  2  churches  and  2  stores.     Pop.  about  150. 

Glasgow,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Barren  co.,  Ky.,  10 
miles  from  Glasgow  Junction,  about  35  miles  by  rail  E.  of 
Bowling  Green,  and  100  miles  S.  of  Louisville.  It  contains 
5  churches,  2  banks,  a  female  college,  normal  and  graded 
schools,  an  axe-handle  factory,  2  grist-mills,  a  planing- 
mill,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  2041. 

Glasgow*  a  post- village  of  Howard  co..  Mo.,  on  the  left 
or  E.  bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  28  miles  above  Boonville. 
It  is  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  at  the  S.  terminus 
of  the  Keokuk  &  Kansas  City  Railroad.  It  contains  7  or  8 
churches,  a  savings-bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  public  library, 
the  Pritchett  Institute,  an  institution  called  Lewis  College, 
a  flour-mill,  and  several  tobacco-factories.    P.  (1890)  1781. 

Glasgow,  a  post-village  of  Dawson  co.,  Montana,  136 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Buford,  N.D.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  338. 

Glasgow,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.,  4  miles 
N.W.  of  Wellsville.    Coal  is  found  here. 

Glasgow,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  A  St. 
Louis  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of  Coshocton,  0. 

GlasgOAV,  a  borough  of  Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  at  Smith's  Ferry  Railroad  Station,  14  miles  W.S.AV. 
of  Rochester.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  218. 

Glasgow,  a  post- village  of  Cambria  co.,  Pa.,  in  White 
township,  on  the  Bell's  Gap  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  coal-mine. 

GlasgOAV,  a  hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Colebrookdale  Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of  Pottstown.  It  has 
iron-works  in  which  boilers  and  iron-plate  are  made. 

Glasgow,  a  post-hamlet  of  Trempealeau  co..  Wis.,  in 
Gale  township,  about  22  miles  N.  of  La  Crosse. 

Glasgow,  Nova  Scotia.    See  New  Glasgow. 

Glasgow,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  3  miles 
from  Stouffville.     Pop.  100. 

GlasgOAV  City  (Renault  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of  Mon- 
roe CO.,  111.,  37  miles  S.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.     It  has  a  church. 

GlasgOAV  Junction,  a  post-village  of  Barren  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with 
the  Glasgow  Branch,  91  miles  S.  of  Louisville.  It  has  a 
church  and  7  stores  and  business  houses.  Pop.  about  250. 
Here  are  quarries  of  fine  building-  and  lithographic-stone. 

Glashiittc,  gl&s'hiitH^h,  a  town  of  Saxony,  5  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Dippoldiswalde.     Pop.  1671. 

Glasnev'en,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  and  3i  miles  N. 
of  Dublin,  has  a  botanic  garden  belonging  to  the  Dublin 
Royal  Society,  a  handsome  cemetery,  an  agricultural  school, 
and  a  deaf  and  dumb  institution.     Pop.  of  parish,  1515. 

GlasOAV,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Glazov. 

Gla!«sborough,  glass'biir-riih,  a  post-village  of  Glou- 
cester CO.,  N.J.,  19  miles  S.  of  Philadelphia.  It  contains 
7  churches,  a  bank,  a  public  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
glass-manufactories.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2642. 

Glass  House,  a  h;vmlet  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Troy.     It  has  a  church. 

Glasslough,  gla.«8'l6H,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  6 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Monaghan.  Pop.  562.  Adjoining  it 
is  Leslie  Castle. 

Glass  River,  a  poat-bamlet  of  Shiawassee  co.^  Mich., 


In  Antrim  township,  about  25  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Lansing. 
It  has  a  church,  a  ilour-niill,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Glasstoolc,  or  Glassthulc,  glass-tool',  a  village  of 
Ireland,  co.  and  5  miles  S.E.  of  Dublin,  on  Dublin  Bay. 
Pop.  3566. 

Glass  Village,  a  post-hamlet  of  Conway  co.,  Ark., 
about  60  miles  N.W.  of  Little  Rock. 

Glass'ville,  a  post-office  of  Caldwell  co..  Mo. 

Glastenbury,  glass'^n-ber-^,  a  township  of  Benning- 
ton 00.,  Vt.,  about  10  miles  N.E.  of  Bennington.    Pop.  119. 

Glastonbury,  glass'pn^ber-^,  a  post-village  of  Hart- 
ford 00.,  in  Glastonbury  township,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the 
Connecticut  River,  7  miles  below  Hartford.  It  contains  an 
academy  and  several  churches.  The  township  has  2  cotton- 
mills,  3  woollen-mills,  and  7  churches,  and  a  pop.  of  3560. 

Glas'tonbury,  an  ancient  municipal  borough  and 
market-town  of  England,  co.  of  Somerset,  at  a  railway 
junction,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Bath.  It  occupies  a  peninsula 
formed  by  the  river  Brue,  traditionally  identified  with  the 
mythical  island  of  Avalon.  Most  of  the  houses  have  been 
built  out  of  the  materials  of  the  superb  abbej',  once  cover- 
ing 60  acres,  but  of  which  the  beautiful  ruins  of  the  church, 
with  St.  Joseph's  chapel,  and  the  abbot's  kitchen,  now  form 
the  chief  remains.  Other  structures  of  interest  are  the 
ancient  market-cross,  St.  George's  Inn,  formerly  the  abbey 
hospitium,  the  Tribunal,  the  Abbey  House,  the  Great  Gate 
House,  now  also  an  inn,  the  Hospital  of  St.  John,  founded 
in  1246,  and  St.  Michael's  Tor,  a  curious  tower  on  a  hill, 
adjoining  the  town.  Glastonbury  has  a  town  hall,  2  or  3 
banks,  small  manufactures  of  silk,  and  some  export  trade 
in  timber,  slates,  tiles,  and  agricultural  produce,  by  a  canal 
connecting  it  with  the  Bristol  Channel.  Its  ancient  abbey 
was  founded  in  605,  on  the  site  of  a  British  church  said  to 
owe  its  origin  to  St.  Joseph  of  Arimathea,  whose  miraculou* 
thorn,  which  blossomed  on  Christmas  day,  together  with  the 
shrine  of  St.  Dunstan,  used  to  attract  multitudes  of  devo- 
tees. It  was  the  reputed  burial-place  of  the  renowned  King 
Arthur.     Pop.  3668. 

Glat'felters,  a  station  in  York  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  North- 
ern Central  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  York.  Here  much  iron 
is  mined  and  shipped. 

Glatt,  glitt,  a  river  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Zurich, 
joins  the  Rhine  below  Eglisau. 

Glatt,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hohcnzollcrn,  with  a  cas- 
tle on  the  Gl.att,  35  miles  N.W.  of  Sigmaringon. 

Glattfelden,  glitt'fdrd^n,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  13  miles  N.  of  Zurich.     Pop.  13SI. 

(•latz,  glits  (Pol.  Klodz'ko),  a  fortified  town  of  Prussian 
Silesia,  52  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Breslau,  on  the  Neisse, 
near  the  Bohemian  frontier.  It  is  strongly  walled,  anil 
situated  between  two  heights,  one  crowned  with  an  old 
castle,  the  other  with  a  modern  fortress.  It  has  a  Catholio 
gymnasium  and  several  schools,  an  arscn.al,  Large  barracks, 
and  other  buildings  for  military  service,  with  manufac- 
tures of  damasks,  machinery,  woollen  cloth,  plush,  muslius, 
hosiery,  leather,  Ac.     Pop.  12,514. 

Glauchan,  gl6w'K5w,  or  Glaucha,  glow'ni,  a  town 
of  Saxony,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Zwickau,  on  the  Mulde,  at  a 
railway  junction.  It  is  one  of  the  first  manufacturing  towns 
in  Saxony,  producing  j'arns,  paper,  fancy  goods,  hardware, 
cloth,  leather,  needles,  and  metallic  wares.  It  is  enclosed 
by  walls,  and  has  a  castle  of  the  princes  of  Schonburg,  of 
whose  principality  it  was  the  capital.     Pop.  21,743. 

Glazov,  GlasoAA',  or  GlazoAV,  gla-zov',  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  98  miles  E.  of  Viatka,  on  the 
Cheptsa.     Pop.  1970. 

(•Icason,  glee's9n,  a  post-office  of  Platte  co..  Neb.,  7 
miles  N.  of  Columbus. 

Gleason's,  a  station  on  the  Republic  Branch  of  the 
Marquette,  Houghton  &  Ontonagon  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of 
Humboldt,  and  31  miles  by  rail  from  Marquette,  Mich. 

Glebe,  glecb,  a  northwestern  suburb  of  Sydney,  Aus- 
tralia.    Pop.  5721. 

Glce'son  Station,  a  post-village  of  Woaklcy  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  <fe  St.  Louis  Railroad, 
127  miles  W.  of  Nashville.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  masonic 
institute.     Pop.  about  300. 

Glelin,  glain,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussi.a,  10  niiles 
S.W.  of  Dusscldorf.     Pop.  2447. 

GleiAvitz,  gli'vt-its,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  43  miles 
S.E.  of  Oppcin,  on  the  Klodnitz,  near  a  railway.  It  hag 
iron-  and  glass-works,  cloth-  and  yarn-mills,  and  a  gymna 
slum.     Pop.  14,126. 

Glen,  a  river  of  England,  flows  E.  into  the  Till. 

Glen,  a  river  of  England,  enters  Fosdyke  Wash. 

Glen,  a  station  in  Carroll  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Portland  k 
Ogdensburg  Railroad,  6  miles  N.W.  of  North  Conway. 


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Glen,  or  Voor'heesville,  a  post- village  of  Glen  town- 
ship, Montgomery  co.,  N.Y.,  about  37  miles  W.N.W.  of  Al- 
bany, and  5  miles  S.  of  Fonda.  It  has  2  churches,  a  saw- 
mill, and  a  grist-mill.  Pop.  250.  The  name  of  its  post- 
oflSce  is  Glen.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
Mohawk,  and  contains  a  village  named  Fultonville.  Hay, 
grain,  hops,  Ac,  are  its  staple  products.     Pop.  2648. 

Glena,  glSn'a,  a  beautiful  vale  and  bay  of  Ireland, 
near  Killarney,  co.  of  Kerry. 

Glenal'adale,  or  Bed'ford  Bay,  a  post-village  in 
Queens  co..  Prince  Edward  Island,  l-t  miles  N.E.  of  Char- 
lottetown.     Pop.  200. 

Gienal'lan,  or  Al'Iansville,  a  post-village  in  AVel- 
lington  CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  Conestogo  River,  9  miles  S.W. 
of  Goldstone.  It  contains  grist-  and  saw-mills,  a  woollen- 
factory,  and  3  or  4  stores.     Pop.  400. 

Glen  Al'Ien,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Ala, 

Glen  Allen,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bollinger  co..  Mo.,  on  a 
branch  of  the  St.  Louis  &  Iron  Mountain  Railroad,  3  miles 
from  Marble  Hill.  It  is  a  shipping-point  for  kaolin,  which 
18  found  in  the  vicinity. 

Glen  Allen,  a  post-office  of  Henrico  co.,  Va. 

Glenalmond,  glfin-i'mond,  a  hamlet  of  Scotland,  co. 
and  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Perth,  is  the  site  of  Trinity  Col- 
lege, an  important  Episcopalian  institution. 

Glen  Al'pine  Spring,  10  miles  S.  of  Morganton, 
N.C.,  in  the  South  Mountains,  affords  a  useful  saline  cha- 
lybeate water. 

Glenal'ta,  a  hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Ga.,  about  26  miles 
S.E.  of  Columbus. 

Glenans,  or  Les  Gl^nans,  li.  gl4'n&^-<>',  called  also 
L'Archipel  de  Gl^nan,  laR'she'pSl'  d^h  gU'n6s<»',  a 
group  of  9  rocky  islets  belonging  to  France,  in  the  Atlan- 
tic, 9  miles  from  the  S.  coast  of  the  department  of  Finistftre. 

Glen  Ar'bor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Leelanaw  co.,  Mich., 
in  Glen  Arbor  township,  and  on  Lake  Michigan,  about  30 
wiles  N.W.  of  Traverse  City.  Pop.  207.  The  township  has 
2  churches.     Firewood  and  fish  are  shipped  here. 

Glen'arm',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Antrim,  on  an 
inlet  from  the  Irish  Sea,  25J  miles  N.  of  Belfast.    Pop.  9S7. 

Glen  Aubrey,  aw'br?,  a  post-hamlet  of  Broome  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Nanticoke  township,  about  12  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Binghamton.     It  has  2  churches, 

Glenbeulah,  gl5n-bu'la,  a  post-village  of  Sheboj'gan 
00.,  Wis.,  in  Greenbush  township,  on  the  Sheboj'gan  & 
Fond  du  Lac  Railroad,  23  miles  E.  of  Fond  du  Lac.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  water-power,  several  mills, 
and  a  manufactory  of  wooden-ware.     Pop.  about  600. 

Glen  Brook,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort  of  Lake 
CO.,  Cal.,  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Calistoga  Railroad  Station. 

Glen  Brook,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  co.,  Nevada, 
15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Carson  City,  It  has  4  saw-mills  and  a 
planing-mill. 

Glen  Brook,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C. 

Glen  Burn,  a  hamlet  of  Douglas  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Kansas  River,  3^  miles  below  Lawrence,  and  on  the  Kansas 
Midland  Railroad. 

Glen'burn,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Penobscot 
CO.,  Me.,  8  or  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bangor.  Pop,  720,  The 
hamlet  is  often  called  Glenburn  Centre. 

Glenburn,  a  post-borough  of  Lackawanna  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  10  or  11 
miles  N.  of  Scianton. 

Glenbur'nie,  a  post-village  in  Frontenae  co.,  Ontario, 
6  miles  N.  of  Kingston.     Pop.  300. 

Glenburnic  Mills,  Kentucky.    See  West  Fork. 

Glencaple,  glin^a'p^l,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and 
5  miles  S.  of  Dumfries,  with  a  port  on  the  river  Nith. 

Glen  Car'bon,  a  post-village  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa., 
In  Foster  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Philadelphia  & 
Reading  Railroad,  about  45  miles  N.E.  of  Ilarrisburg.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  coal-mine. 

Glen  Cas'tle,  a  post-office  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y, 

Glen  City,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Beaver  township,  on  the  Danville,  Hazlcton  &  Wilkesbarre 
Railroad,  18  miles  E.  of  Danville.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Glen'clitl',  a  station  on  the  Nashville  &  Chattanooga 
Railroad,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Nashville,  Tenn. 

Glencoe,  gldn'ko',  a  valley  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Argyle, 
near  the  head  of  Loch  Etive.  Its  bed  is  swept  by  Ossian's 
"dark  torrent  of  Cona,"  and  no  other  portion  of  the  High- 
lands presents  such  gloomy  sublimity.  The  massacre  of 
the  MacDonalds  occurred  here  in  February,  1692. 

Glencoe,  glin'ko,  a  post-village  of  Cook  co..  111.,  on 
Lake  Michigan,  and  half  a  mile  from  Glencoe  Station, 
which  is  on  the  Chicago  A,  Northwestern  Railroad,  19  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Chicago.     Pop.  600. 


Glencoe,  a  post-village  of  Gallatin  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville,  Cincinnati  <fe  Lexington  Railroad,  35  miles  S.W. 
of  Covington.     It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  mill. 

Glencoe,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Mary's  parish.  La.,  40 
miles  from  Morgan  City.     It  has  2  churches, 

Glencoe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Northern  Central  Railroad,  20  miles  N.  of  Baltimore,  It 
has  a  church,  an  academy,  and  a  large  hotel. 

Glencoe,  a  hamlet  of  Bay  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Glencoe, 
Pinconning  <fc  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Bay 
City.     It  has  a  large  lumber-mill. 

Glencoe,  a  post-village,  capital  of  McLeod  co.,  Minn., 
is  in  Glencoe  township,  on  Bufi'alo  Creek,  and  on  the  Has- 
tings &  Dakota  Railroad,  74  miles  W.  of  Hastings,  and 
about  44  miles  N.of  Mankato.  It  has  7  churches,  3  banks, 
a  seminary,  a  pump-factory,  a  plough-works,  2  cigar- 
factories,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  1649. 

Glencoe,  a  village  and  landing  of  Bolivar  co.,  Miss., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  2  miles  from  Arkansas  City,  Ark. 

Glencoe,  a  post-village  of  St.  Louis  co..  Mo.,  in  a 
valley  on  the  Meramoc  River  and  the  Missouri  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 27  miles  W.S.AV,  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  a  Catholic  pro- 
tectorate for  boys. 

Glencoe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dodge  co..  Neb.,  about  23 
miles  N.AV.  of  Fremont, 

Glencoe,  a  post-office  of  Buncombe  co.,  N.C, 

Glencoe,  a  post- village  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  on  the  Bal- 
timore &  Ohio  Railroad,  9  miles  W,  of  Bellaire,  It  has  a 
flour-mill  and  several  general  stores, 

Glencoe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Oregon, 
about  6  miles  S.W.  of  Portland.    It  has  a  church. 

Glencoe,  a  station  in  Somerset  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Pitta- 
burg,  Connellsville  &  Baltimore  Railroad,  23  miles  N.  of 
Cumberland,  Md. 

Glencoe,  a  hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Padn- 
cah  &  Memphis  Railroad,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Memphis.  It  ha« 
a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Hero  is  Roaring 
Falls  Post-Office. 

Glencoe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ellis  co,,  Tex,,  on  Chambers 
Creek,  24  miles  from  Ennis  Station,     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Glencoe,  a  post-office  of  Buffalo  co..  Wis.,  in  Glencoe 
township,  on  the  Trempealeau  River,  about  36  miles  N.N.W. 
of  La  Crosse.     The  township  has  2  churches.     Pop.  785. 

Glencoe,  glfin^ko',  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co..  On 
tario,  on  the  Great  Western  Railway,  at  its  junction  with 
the  Canada  Air-Line,  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  London.  It  has 
a  large  trade  in  grain,  lumber,  <fec.,  and  contains  about  a 
dozen  stores,  several  mills  and  factories,  and  a  printing- 
office  issuing  a  weekly  newspaper.     Pop.  700. 

Glencoe  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y., 
8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hudson,  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill, 

Glen'cove',  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Queens 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hempstead  &  Glencove  Branch  of  the 
Long  Island  Railroad,  28  miles  E.N.E.  of  Brooklyn,  and  1 
mile  from  Long  Island  Sound.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank, 
a  corn-starch  factory,  and  2  newspaper  offices. 

GlenMale',  a  post-office  of  Fremont  co..  Col. 

Glendale,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Pope  co..  111.,  about 
48  miles  N.E.  of  Cairo. 

Glendale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Daviess  co.,  Ind.,  S.E.  of 
Washington.     It  has  a  church, 

(•Icndale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  8  miles  £,  of  Fair- 
field. 

Glendale,  a  post-office  of  Bourbon  co.,  Kansas,  about 
8  miles  N.  of  Fort  Scott. 

Glendale,  a  station  in  Douglas  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Kansas  Midland  Railroad,  3  miles  W.  of  Lecompton, 

Glendale,  a  post-village  of  Hardin  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville  &  Great  Southern  Railroad,  50  miles  S.  of  Louis- 
ville.    It  has  a  church  and  a  classical  aciwlemy, 

Glendale,  a  post-village  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Stockbridge  township,  on  the  Ilousatonic  River  and  Housa- 
tonic  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Great  Barrington,  and  18  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Pittsfield.    It  has  a  paper-mill  and  a  woollen-mill, 

Glendale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Waverly  township,  8  miles  N,  of  Paw  Paw,  It  has  a  saw- 
mill.    Pop.  about  100. 

Glendale,  a  township  of  Scott  co.,  Minn.,  bounded  N. 
by  the  Minnesota  River.     Pop.  423. 

Glendale,  a  post-office  of  Coahoma  co.,  Miss.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  1  mile  from  Helena,  Ark. 

Glenaale,  a  station  in  St.  Louis  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Mis- 
souri Pacific  Railroad,  11  miles  W.  of  St,  Louis, 

Glendale,  a  post-village  of  Beaver  Head  co,,  Montana. 
It  has  several  hotels.     Pop.  about  500, 


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1276 


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C>lendalet  »  pott-rillag«  of  Lewis  ea,  N.T.,  7  mllea 
bj  rail  S.  by  B.  of  Lowvillo.     It  hiu  2  oburohes. 

Glendale^  a  bamlet  of  Camden  oo.,  N.J.,  1  mile  from 
KirkwtHxi  Kailroad  Stntion.     It  bos  a  church. 

Glendale,  a  post-villnge  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Ctnoinnati,  Hamilton  A  Dayton  Railroad,  15  miles  N.  of 
Cincinnati.  It  contains  the  Glendale  Female  College,  and 
r  churohcx.     Pop.  in  1S90,  1444. 

Glendale«  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.    See  Glexfield. 

Glendale,  a  hamlet  of  Cambria  co.,  Pa.,  in  White 
toiTnjihi|i,  abuut  20  miU-s  N.N.W.  of  Altoona.  It  has  a 
lumber-mill. 

Glendale,  a  village  in  Barrillrille  township,  Kent  co,, 
It.I.,  1  milo  from  Oakland,  on  the  Providcnoo  &  Springfield 
Kailroad.     It  bus  a  church  and  a  woollen-mill.     Pop.  241. 

Glendale,  a  post-village  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C.,  in 
Spartanburg  township.    It  has  2  churobeg  and  a  cotton-mill. 

Glendale,  a  station  in  Dickson  co.,  Tcnn.,  on  the  rail- 
road from  Nashville  to  Hickman,  Ky.,  4  milca  W.  of  Kings- 
ton Springs. 

Glendale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kane  oo.,  Utah,  on  the  East 
Fork  of  the  Virgin  River,  about  40  miles  E.  of  Toquerville. 
It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Glendale,  a  post-office  of  Henrico  co.,  Ya. 

Glendale,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  Wis.,  in  Glen- 
dale township,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Rail- 
road, 79  miles  N.W.  of  Madison.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist- 
xnill,  and  a  stave-factory.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1297. 

Glendale  Station,  a  post-village  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  South  Side  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Brooklyn.  It 
has  4  churches,  and  manufactures  of  macaroni,  wire,  and 
marble. 

Glendalongh,  glSn-dal'ilh,  lake  and  valley,  Ireland, 
Leinster,  co.  of  Wicklow,  24  miles  S.  of  Dublin.  The  valley 
is  famous  for  its  wild  grandeur  and  interesting  ruins. 

Glen'dive,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dawson  oo.,  Mon- 
tana, 78  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Miles  City.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  &e. 

Glen'don,  a  borough  of  Northampton  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Lehigh  River,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Easton.  It  has  a  church. 
Here  are  the  extensive  works  of  the  Glendon  Iron  Com- 
pany, and  5  or  6  furnaces  for  pig-iron.     Pop.  707. 

Glendow'er,  a  station  on  the  Mine  Hill  &  Schuylkill 
Haven  Railroad,  in  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  i  mile  S.  of  Glen 
Carbon.     Here  coal  is  mined. 

Glendower,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albemarle  co.,  Va., 
about  38  miles  S.E.  of  Staunton. 

Glen  East'on,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  23  miles  S.  of  Wheeling. 
It  has  3  general  stores. 

Glen  £'den,  a  post-hnmletof  Lewis  co.,  Washington, 
about  25  miles  S.W.  of  Olympia. 

Glen  El'der,  a  post-village  of  Mitchell  co.,  Kansas, 
11  miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Beloit.  It  has  2  churches,  2 
banks,  a  public  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Fop.  in 
1890,  407. 

Glen^elg',  a  parish  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Inverness,  on 
the  coast  opposite  the  Isle  of  Skyo.     Pop.  1 653. 

Glen'elg',  a  river  of  Northwest  Australia,  falls  into 
Doubtful  Bay.  Length,  from  60  to  70  miles.  It  is  navi- 
gable, and  flows  in  a  fertile  region. 

Glenclg,  a  river  of  Victoria,  Australia,  after  an  indirect 
S.W.  course  of  200  miles,  reaches  the  sea  at  the  S.W. 
angle  of  the  colony.  It  is  not  navigable,  and  in  times  of 
drought  sometimes  dries  up  altogether. 

Glenelg,  a  town  and  watering-place  of  South  Australia, 
on  Holdfast  Bay,  6  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Adelaide.    Pop.  1324^ 

Glen^elg',  a  post-hamlet  of  Howard  co.,  Md.,  about  22 
miles  W.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Glen^elg',  or  Forks  Middle  River,  a  post-settlo- 
.mont  in  Guysborough  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  47  miles  from  New 
Glasgow.     Pop.  150. 

Glen  El'len,  a  post-office  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal. 

Glen  EI'lis  Fall,  the  finest  waterfall  in  the  White 
Hountain  region  of  New  Hampshire,  lies  S.E.  of  Mount 
Wa8hington,and4milosS.  of  theGlen  House.  Here  the  Ellis 
River,  after  descending  20  feet  by  a  sharply-inclined  course, 
falls  60  feet  perpendicularly.     It  is  in  a  wild  forest-region. 

Glene'rie,  a  hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Saugerties 
township,  on  Esopus  Creek,  6  miles  N.\V.  of  Tivoli  Station. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  white  lead. 

Glen  £s'te,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  in 
Union  township,  on  the  Cincinnati  A  Portsmouth  Railroad. 

Glen  Fawn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rusk  co.,  Tex.,  27  miles 
S.E.  of  Troup.     It  has  a  church. 

Glen'field,  formerly  Glendale,  a  post-borough  of 
Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Ohio  River,  and 


on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad,  8  miles 
below  Pittsburg.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  718. 

Glen  Flo'ra,  a  station  in  Lake  co.,  111.,  on  the  Chi- 
cago <k  Northwestern  Railroad,  1  mile  N.  of  Waukegan. 
Hero  is  the  Glen  Flora  Mineral  Spring.  A  commodious 
hotel  has  boon  erected,  and  the  place  is  an  attractive  sum- 
mer resort. 

Glen'ford,  a  post-village  of  Perry  oo.,  0.,  in  Hopewell 
township,  on  the  Straitsville  division  of  the  Baltimore  & 
Ohio  Railroad,  17  miles  S.S.E.  of  Newark.    It  has  4  churches. 

Glonford,  Rhode  Island,  is  now  called  North  Scituate. 

Glengad',  a  headland  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Donegal,  the  W. 
point  of  Culdatr  Day,  8i  miles  E.S.E.  of  Malin  Head. 

Glen  Gard'ner,  or  Clarks'ville,  a  post-village  in 
Lebanon  township,  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Central 
Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  18J  miles  E.  of  Easton,  Pa.  It 
hits  3  churches,  and  manufivctures  of  picture-frames,  <to. 
Pop.  about  300. 

Ulengar'itf  Harbor,  a  branch  of  Bantry  Bay,  in  Ire- 
land, Munstcr,  co.  of  Cork,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  bay,  6 
miles  N.W.  of  Bantry. 

Glengar'ry,  a  beautiful  valley  of  Scotland,  co.  of  In- 
verness, about  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Fort  Augustus.  It  con 
tains  a  fine  lake,  with  a  castle  of  the  MacDonalds. 

Cilengar'ry,  a  county  in  the  eastern  part  of  Ontario, 
having  the  St.  Lawrence  for  its  S.E.  boundary.  Area,  462 
square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Grand  Trunk  and  Mon- 
treal <t  Ottawa  Junction  Railways.  Chief  town,  CornwalL 
Pop.  20,524. 

Glengarry,  a  post-village  in  Pictou  co.  Nova  Scotia,  on 
Middle  River,  80  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Halifax.     P.  150. 

Glengar'y,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fillmore  co..  Nob.,  about 
50  miles  S.W.  of  Lincoln.     It  is  9  miles  S.E.  of  Geneva. 

Glcngary,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berkeley  co.,  W.  Va.,  12 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Martinsburg. 

Glen  Grouse,  a  post-office  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas. 

Glen  Hall,  a  village  of  AVayno  township,  Tippecanoe 
CO.,  Ind.,  at  AVest  Point  Station  on  the  Wabash  Railroad, 
10  miles  W.S.W,  of  Lafayette,  and  1  mile  from  the  village 
of  West  Point.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grain -elevator. 

Glen  Hall,  a  post-office  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  tho  Wil- 
mington &  Reading  Railroad,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Chadd's  Ford. 

Glen'ham,  a  post- village  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Fishkill  Creek,  5  miles  by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Newburg,  and 
about  62  miles  N.  of  New  York.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
union  free  school,  a  woollen-factory,  a  moquet-tapestry  fac- 
tory, and  a  carpet- factory.     Pop.  about  500. 

Glen  Ha'ven,  a  post-hamlet  of  Leelanaw  co.,  Mich., 
on  Lake  Michigan,  about  28  miles  W.N.W.  of  Traverse 
City.     It  has  a  store,  and  a  dock  at  which  firewood  is  sh  ippod. 

Glen  Haven,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort  of  Cayuga 
CO.,  N.Y.,  is  beautifully  situated  at  the  southeast  end  of 
Skaneateles  Lake,  about  22  miles  S.E.  of  Auburn.  It  has 
a  hotel  and  several  cottages. 

Glen  Haven,  a  post-village  of  Grant  co..  Wis.,  in  Glen 
Haven  township,  and  on  the  Mississippi  River,  opposite  and 
3  miles  E.  of  Guttcnberg  Station,  Iowa,  and  about  40  miles 
abovo  Dubuque.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 
Pop.  103;  of  the  township,  1144. 

Glen  Head,  a  post-office  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Glen  Cove  Branch  of  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  26  miles 
N.E.  of  Brooklyn. 

Glen  Hope,  a  post-borough  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  on 
Clearfield  Creek,  about  22  miles  N.  of  Altoona.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  public  school,  and  mines  of  coal  and  beds  of 
fire-clay  and  limestone.     Pop.  in  1890,  286. 

Glen  Hu'ron,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  10 
miles  S.  of  Collingwood.  It  contains  a  store  and  a  flouring- 
mill.     Pop.  100. 

Glen  Ju'lia,  a  post-office  of  Gadsden  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
Jacksonville,  Pensacola  &  Mobile  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of 
Quincy. 

Glen  Loch,  a  post-village  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  in  East  Whiteland  township,  25 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It  h.as  a  church.  Here 
is  a  coaling-  and  water-station  for  freight  trains. 

Glen  Loch,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Tenn. 

GlenMuce',  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Wigtown,  on 
Luce  Bay,  10  miles  by  r.ail  E.  of  Stranraer.  Pop.  899.  Glcn- 
luco  Abbey,  now  a  spacious  ruin,  was  founded  in  1190. 

Glenly'on,  a  fine  mountain  vale  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Perth,  extending  along  the  river  Lyon,  W.  of  a  lake  of  the 
same  name,  for  28  miles.     It  has  much  romantic  scenery. 

Glenly'on,  or  Balakla'va,  a  post-village  in  Bruce 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  Wellington,  Grey  &  Bruce  Railway,  42 
miles  N.W.  of  Flora.    Pop.  150. 

Glen  Ma'jor,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  S 


GLE 


1277 


GLE 


miles  S.S.E.  of  Uxbridgo.  It  contains  2  churches,  a  hotel, 
a  store,  2  large  saw-mills,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  sash-  and 
door-factory.     Pop.  123. 

(ilcnmerC)  gl6n-meer',  a  village  of  Esse.^  co.,  Mass.,  1 
mile  from  Lynn,  on  Flax  Pond.  It  has  a  church  and 
manufactures  of  shoes  and  soap. 

Glcn  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Thornbury  township,  on  the  West  Chester  <fc  Philadelphia 
Kailroad,  19  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  manufactory  of  paper  for  bank-notes  and 
revenue  stamps  of  the  United  States. 

Glen  Moore,  a  post-village  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  in  Wal- 
lace township,  on  the  East  Branch  of  Brandywine  Creek, 
and  on  the  AVaynesburg  Branch  Railroad,  42  miles  AV.  by 
N.  of  Philadelphia.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 

Glcn^more',  a  vale  of  Scotland,  cos.  of  Moray  and  In- 
verness, on  the  Spey,  containing  extensive  fir  forests  of  the 
Duk»  of  Richmond. 

Glcn^more',  a  post-office  of  Ware  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Atlantic  &  Gulf  Railroad,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Tebcauville. 

Glciiniore,  a  post-village  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Anns- 
rillo  township,  about  27  miles  N.W.  of  Utica.  It  has  a 
grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  church. 

Glenmore,  a  hamlet  of  Georgetown  co.,  S.C.,  on  the 
Great  Pedee  River,  16  miles  by  land  N.N.E.  of  Georgetown. 
It  has  a  manufactory  of  naval  stores  and  shingles. 

Glenmore,  a  post-hamlet  of  Buckingham  co.,  Va.,  15 
miles  S.E.  of  Rockfish  Depot.     It  has  a  church. 

Glenmore,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  1073. 

Glen  3Ior'ris,  a  hamlet  on  the  Western  Maryland 
Railroad,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Baltimore,  Md.,  and  1  mile 
from  Reisterstown.  It  has  a  tannery,  station,  and  3  houses. 
Here  is  Emory  Grove  Post-Office. 

Glcn  Mor'ris,  a  post- village  in  Brant  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Grand  River,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Gait.  It  contains  a  woollen- 
mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  distillery.     Pop.  250. 

Glenn,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Kansas. 

Glenn,  a  post-office  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich. 

Glenn,  a  post-settlement  of  McKean  co..  Pa.,  6  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Turtle  Point  Station.     Oil  is  found  near  it. 

Glenn  Dale,  a  post-office  of  Prince  George's  co.,  Md., 
and  a  station  on  the  Baltimore  <fc  Potomac  Railroad,  14 
miles  N.E.  of  Washington,  D.C. 

Glen  Ne'vis,  a  post-village  in  Glengarry  co.,  Ontario, 
15i  miles  W.  of  Cotoau  Station.     Pop.  100. 

Glcnnie  (gldn'neo)  Islands,  a  cluster  of  small  islands 
ofif  the  S.  coast  of  Australia,  in  Bass's  Strait,  in  lat.  39°  12' 
6.,  Ion.  146°  15'  E. 

Glenn's,  a  post-office  of  Gloucester  co.,  Va. 

Glenn's  Falls,  New  York.    See  Gle.vs  Falls. 

Glenn  Springs,  a  post- village  in  Glenn  Spring  town- 
ship, Spartanburg  co.,  S.C.,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Spartanburg 
Court-llouse.  Here  is  a  mineral  spring  and  a  place  of  re- 
sort for  invalids.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1814. 

Glenn's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Maury  co.,  Tenn. 

Glenn's  Val'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Ind., 
in  Perry  township,  5  miles  from  Southport  Station.  It  has 
a  flour-mill  and  a  church. 

Glenn'ville,  a  post-village  of  Barbour  co.,  Ala.,  about 
20  miles  N.  of  Eufaula. 

Glennville,  a  post-office  of  Kern  co.,  Cal. 

Glen  of  the  Horse,  a  great  ravine  of  Ireland,  co. 
of  Kerry,  on  the  side  of  Mangerton  Mountain,  6  miles  S. 
of  Killarney. 

Gleno'la,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C. 

Glen  Old'en,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  &  Baltimore  Railroad,  8 
miles  S.W.  of  Philadelphia.     It  has  a  church. 

Glen  Ono'ko,  Carbon  co..  Pa.  (Onoko  Station),  is  a 
place  of  resort  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  3  miles  N.W. 
of  Mauch  Chunk.  It  is  a  mountain-ravine  in  which  a  creek 
or  torrent  descends  about  900  feet  by  a  series  of  cascades. 

Gleno'ra,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas,  12  miles 
N.  of  Beloit.     It  has  2  churches. 

Glenora,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yates  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  W. 
shore  of  Seneca  Lake,  8  miles  N.  of  Watkins,  and  i  mile 
from  Big  Stream  Station.  It  has  a  lumber-mill  and  a  man- 
ufactory of  grape-boxes. 

Glenora,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co..  Pa.,  in  Parker 
township,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Parker  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Glenora,  a  post-office  of  Spottsylvania  co.,  Va. 

Glcn  Rid'dle,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co..  Pa.,  in 
Middletown  township,  on  Chester  Creek,  and  on  the  West 
Chester  &  Philadelphia  Railroad,  16  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Phila- 
delphia. It  has  manufactures  of  cotton  and  woollen  goods. 
It  has  a  convent,  and,  including  the  adjacent  hamlets  of 
Llewellyn,  Crozerville,  and  Rockdale,  it  has  4  churches. 


Glen  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Nemaha  co.,  Neb.,  about  18 
miles  S.  of  Nebraska  City. 

Glen  Rock,  a  post-village  of  York  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Northern  Central  Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of  York,  and  42 
miles  N.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  3  churches,  a  foundry,  a  car-shop,  and  raarufactures 
of  woollen  goods,  ropes,  cigars,  sash,  doors,  Ac.  P.  (1890)687. 

Glen  Rose,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Somervell  co., 
Tex.,  45  miles  S.S.W.  of  Fort  Worth,  near  the  Brazos  River. 
It  has  a  court-house,  4  churches,  an  academy,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  in  IS'JO,  400. 

Glen  Roy,  Howard  co.,  Iowa.     See  Lime  Spring. 

Glen  Roy,  a  post-office  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  2  miles 
from  Nottingham  Railroad  Station. 

Glens'dale,  a  village  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Black 
River,  and  on  the  Utica  &  Black  River  Railroad,  51  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Utica.     It  has  a  church. 

Glens  Falls,  or  Glenn's  Falls,  a  post-village  in 
Qucensbury  township,  Warren  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson 
River,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Rensselaer  &  Saratoga  Rail- 
road (connecting  with  the  main  line  at  Fort  Edward),  60 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Albany,  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Whitehall, 
18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Saratoga  Springs,  and  9  miles  S.  of 
Lake  George.  It  has  a  bridge  across  the  river,  which  hero 
falls  about  50  feet  and  presents  picture.sque  scenery.  The 
village  contains  11  churches,  2  national  banks,  an  academy, 
a  union  graded  school,  and  several  saw-mills  and  machine- 
shops.  Two  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.  A  quarry  of  fine  black  marble  has  been  opened  at 
this  place.  Its  trade  is  facilitated  by  the  Champlain  Canal. 
Pop.  in  1890.  9509. 

Glen's  Fork,  Adair  co.,  Ky.    See  Glenville. 

Glen  Shar'rald,  a  post-office  of  Rice  co.,  Kansas. 

Glen'shaAV,  a  post-hamlct  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  In 
Shalor  township,  on  the  Pittsburg,  New  Castle  <fc  Lake  Eria 
Railroad,  about  6  miles  N.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a  coal- 
mine,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  fire-brick-factory. 

Glen  Station,  a  post-office  of  Alcorn  co..  Miss.,  on  the 
Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Corinth. 

Glcn  Sut'ton,  a  post-village  in  Brome  co.,  Quebec,  9 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Richford,  Vt.     Pop.  200. 

Glen  Tay,  or  Ad'amsville,  a  post-village  in  Lanark 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  river  Tay,  4  miles  from  Perth.  It  con- 
tains several  grist-  and  saw-mills,  a  large  woollen-factory,  a 
tannery,  and  2  stores.     Pop.  250. 

Glen'ties,  a  village  of  Ireland,  in  Ulster,  co.  and  6 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Donegal.     Pop.  597. 

Glent'worth,  a  station  in  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Schuylkill  Valley  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of 
Port  Carbon.    Coal  is  here  mined. 

Glen  Union,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Phila- 
delphia &  Erie  Railroad,  13  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lock  Haven. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Glen'vale,  or  BaPlynahinch',  a  post-village  in 
Frontenac  co.,  Ontario,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Kingston.     P.  150. 

Glen'ville,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co..  Conn.,  in 
Greenwich  township,  2i  miles  from  Port  Chester,  N.Y. 
It  has  3  churches  and  a  woollen-mill.     Pop.  in  1880,  482. 

Glenville,  a  hamlet  of  Adair  co..  Ivy.,  47  miles  S.  of 
Lebanon.  It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery.  Here  is  Glen's 
Fork  Post-Office. 

Glenville,  a  hamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  Ky.,  10  miles  S.E.  of 
Maysville.  It  has  a  church.  Hero  is  Cabin  Creek  Post 
Office. 

Glenville,  a  hamlet  of  McLean  co.,  Ky.,  4i  miles  S.W. 
of  Lewis  Railroad  Station.     Pop.  about  50. 

Glenville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  about  ?1 
miles  N.E.  of  Baltimore. 

Glenville,  or  Good  Luck,  a  hamlet  of  Prince 
George's  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Potomac  Railroad, 
about  13  miles  N.E.  of  AVashington.     It  has  a  church. 

Glenville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Panola  co.,  Miss.,  11  miles 
E.  of  Como.     Ii  has  a  church. 

Glenville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  Neb.,  on  the  St. 
Joseph  &  Denver  City  Railroad,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Hastings. 
It  has  a  church. 

Glenville,  a  post-village  of  Schenectady  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Glenville  township,  about  26  miles  N.W.  of  Albany.  It 
has  2  churches.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by 
the  Mohawk  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  New  York 
Central  Railroad.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2835. 

Glenville,  a  post-village  of  Cuyahoga  co.,  0.,  in  East 
Cleveland  township,  on  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  4  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Cleveland.     Pop.  about  1 000. 

Glenville,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  A 
Chicago  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Bucyrus,  0. 


OLB 


1278 


GLO 


GlenvillCta  post-bamletof  York  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the  Baoh- 
man'!  VallQjr  Railroad,  5  milM  S.  of  Valley  Junction.  It 
kaa  a  chureh,  aa  iron-foundry,  and  a  wooUon-factory. 

itlenvillet  a  p<)«t-villu);e,  capital  of  Gilmer  oo.,  W. 
Va.,  ia  on  the  Little  Kunawhiv  liirer,  about  40  miles  K.S.K. 
•f  Parlceraburj;.  and  ftO  miles  N.B.  of  Ctiarleston.  It  hai 
4  ehurebes,  a  normal  school,  and  a  public  school. 

Gleo^white',  a  hamlet  of  Blair  co..  Pa.,  in  Logan 
townabip,  2  miles  from  Kittanning  Point.  It  bas  a  coal- 
mine and  a  lumber-mill. 

<>leu  Wild,  a  po$t-hamlet  of  Sullivan  oo.,  N.Y..  in 
Thompson  township,  3  or  4  miles  S.  of  Centreville  Station. 
It  hits  a  church  and  2  saw-mills. 

Glen  Wil'linm,  or  Wil'liamsburg,  a  post-village 
in  Ilalton  oo.,  Ontario,  on  the  river  Credit,  li  miles  from 
Georgetown.  It  contains  grist-,  saw-,  and  woollen-mills,  a 
woollen-batting  factory,  a  shingle-factory,  and  several  stores 
and  hotels.     Pup.  30U. 

Glen' wood,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Dakota. 

Glcnwood,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Cook  co., 
III.,  on  the  Chicago,  Danville  &  Vinoennes  liailroad,  27 
miles  S.  of  Chicago. 

Glcnwood,  or  Pitchin,  a  village  of  Iroquois  co., 
111.,  in  Ash  Grove  township,  about  14  miles  S.S.W.  of 
AV'atscka.  It  has  a  church  and  a  graded  school.  Ilere  is 
Ash  Grove  Post-Office.     Pop.  about  200. 

Glenwood,  a  post-village  of  Rush  co.,  Ind.,  in  Union 
township,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  <fc  Indianapoli.i  Rail- 
road, S  miles  E.  of  Rushvillo.     It  has  2  churches. 

Glenwood,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Mills  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Glenwood  township,  on  Keg  Creek,  and  on  the  Burlington 
A  Missouri  River  Railroad,  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Council 
Bluffs,  and  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Plattsmoutb,  Neb.  It  has  a 
oourt-huuse,  a  high  school,  6  churches,  2  national  banks, 
2  newspaper  offices,  a  canning-factory,  a  barrel-factory, 
lumbcr-tnills,  on  elevator,  and  fruit-nurseries.  Pop.  in 
1890,  1890;  of  the  township,  2727. 

Glenwood,  a  township  of  Winneshiek  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
1253.     It  is  traversed  by  the  Upper  Iowa  River. 

Glenwood,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Shawnee  township,  on  the  Missouri  River,  Fort  Scott  & 
Oulf  Railroad,  at  Shawnee  Station,  12  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Olathe.     It  has  2  churches. 

GlenAVOod,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co..  Ivy. 

Glenwood,  post-township,  Aroostook  co.,  Me.    P.  185. 

Glenwood,  a  post-village  of  Howard  co.,  Md.,  about 
25  miles  W.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  2  churches,  the  Glenwood 
Institute,  and  a  manufactory  of  farming-implements. 

Glenwood,  formerly  East  Med'ford,  a  post-village 
of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  in  Medford  township,  on  the  Med- 
ford  Branch  of  the  Boston  <fc  Maine  Railroad,  5  miles  N. 
by  W.  of  Boston.  It  contains  nearly  100  houses,  including 
residences  of  many  persons  doing  business  in  Boston. 

Glenwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Michigan  Central  Railroad,  19  miles  N.N.E.  of  Niles.  It 
has  a  saw-mill  and  a  church. 

Glenwood,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pope  co..  Minn., 
is  finely  situated  in  Glenwood  township,  on  Lake  Whipple 
(10  miics  in  length),  about  18  miles  S.  of  Alexandria,  and 
126  miles  W.N.W.  of  Minneapolis,  li  has  '6  churches,  2 
banks,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  nnd  a  pop- factory. 
Pop.  in  1890,  627. 

Glenwood,  a  post-village  of  Schuyler  co..  Mo.,  in 
Glenwood  township,  on  the  Missouri,  Iowa  &  Nebraska 
Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  & 
Northern  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of  Lancaster,  and  58  miles 
N.  of  Macon  City.  It  has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  2 
churches,  a  foundry,  a  machine-shop,  a  woollen-factory,  Ac. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1101.  Glenwood  Station  on  the 
last-mentioned  road  i^  2  miles  S.  of  Glenwood  Junction. 

Glenwood,  formerly  Row'antown,  a  hamlet  of 
Camden  co.,  N.J.,  in  Iladdon  township,  on  the  Camden  <fc 
Atlantic  Railroad,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Camden. 

Glenwood,  a  post-village  in  Vernon  township,  Sussex 
00.,  N.J.,  3  miles  from  Pine  Island  Station  of  the  Erie 
Railroad,  and  about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Paterson.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  chccse-factory,  a  creamery,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Glenwood,  a  post-village  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Caze- 
nove  Creek,  in  Colden  township,  about  20  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Buffalo.     It  has  a  church  and  3  saw-mills. 

Glenwood,  a  station  in  Westchester  eo.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Hudson  River  Railroad,  i  mile  N.  of  Yonkers. 

Glenwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Noble  co.,  0.,  46  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Marietta. 

Glenwood,  a  village  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Ifonongahela  River,  5  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It 
bas  2  churches,  and  iron-  and  steel-works. 


Glenwood,  a  post-village  of  Susquehanna  oo.,  Pa.,  in 
Lenox  township,  ou  Tunkhannock  Creek,  4  miles  N.E.  of 
Nicholson,  and  about  20  miles  N.  of  Soranton.  It  baa  2 
churches,  a  tannery,  a  grist-mill,  and  3  saw-mills. 

Glenwood,  a  post-hamlct  of  Upshur  co.,  Tex.,  12  mile* 
N.E.  of  Gladcwater  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Glenwood,  a  post-village  of  Sevier  co.,  Utah,  6  miles 
E.  of  Richfield,  and  2  miles  from  Sevier  River.  It  h;is  a 
church,  a  tannery,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  machine-shop. 

Glenwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockbridge  co.,  Va.,  30 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Lynchburg.  It  has  a  church  and  a  fur- 
nace for  pig-iron. 

Glenwood,  a  post-village  of  Mason  eo.,  W.  Va.,  10 
miles  N.  of  Milton  Station.     It  has  several  churches. 

Glenwood,  a  post-village  of  St.  Croix  oo..  Wis.,  60 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  St.  Paul,  Minn.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  and  manufactures 
of  spokes,  hubs,  sleigh-runners,  <to.     Pop.  1656. 

Glenwood  Springs,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Gar- 
field CO.,  Col.,  89  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Grand  Junction. 
It  h  AS  5  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  a  graded 
school.     Pop.  in  1890,  920. 

Glevum,  the  ancient  name  of  Gloucester. 

Glid'den,  a  post- village  of  Carroll  co.,  Iowa,  25  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Grand  Junction.  It  has  2  churches,  2  banks, 
a  public  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.    Pop.  in  1890,  532. 

Glimp,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lauderdale  co.,  Tcnn.,  13 
miles  N.W.  of  Covington  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Glin,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Limerick,  on  the  Shan 
non,  28  miles  N.E.  of  Tralee.     Pop.  883. 

Glina,  glce'ni,  a  fortified  town  of  Croatia,  on  the  Glina, 
26  miles  E.S.E.  of  KarlsUdt.     Pop.  1810. 

Gliniany,  gle-ne-i'neo,  almost  gleen-yi'nee,  a  town  of 
Austria,  in  Galicia,  25  miles  E.  of  Lemberg.     Pop.  3816. 

Gliniany,  a  small  town  of  Russian  Poland,  government 
of  Radom,  18  miles  N.  of  Sandomier. 

Glit'ness,  one  of  the  smaller  Shetland  Isles,  6  miles 
N.E.  of  Lerwick. 

Globe,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Pinal  co., 
Arizona,  in  the  Pinal  Mountains,  75  miles  N.E.  of  Florence. 
Here  are  rich  ores  of  silver  and  copper,  with  occasional 
planehae  or  large  nuggets  of  metallic  silver.  P.  about  1001). 

Globe,  a  village  in  Thornton  township.  Cook  co..  111., 
on  the  Cleveland,  Columbus  &  Indiana  Central  Railroad, 
24  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Chicago.  Here  are  extensive  fat- 
rendering  works,  where  offal  and  dead  animals  from  Chicago 
and  the  stock-yards  are  utilized. 

Globe,  a  post-office  of  Caldwell  co.,  N.C. 

Globe,  a  village  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  adjacent  to  the 
larger  village  of  Woonsocket.     Pop.  3140. 

Globe  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  Tcnn. 

Globe  Village,  a  post-village  in  Southbridge  town- 
ship, Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Quincbaug  River,  and  on 
a  branch  of  the  New  York  <fc  New  England  Railroad,  i  mile 
from  Southbridge,  and  about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Worcester. 
Here  are  manufactures  of  de  laines,  the  works  of  the  Hamilton 
Woollen  Company,  the  Hamilton  Print  Works,  and  the  mill« 
of  the  Columbian  Manufacturing  Company. 

Glocester,  glSs't^r,  a  township  of  Providence  co.,  R.I., 
bounded  W.  by  the  Connecticut  line.  Pop.  2098.  It  con- 
tains Harmony  and  Chepachet. 

Glockner,  Austria.     See  Gross  Glockner. 

Glocknitz,  gldk'nits,  written  also  Gloggnitz,  glog' 
nits,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria,  42  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of 
Vienna.     Pop.  1961. 

Glogau,  glo'gSw,  or  Gross  Glogau,  groce  glo'gSw, 
sometimes  written  Glogaw,  a  strongly  fortified  town  of 
Prussian  Silesia,  at  a  railway  junction,  35  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Liegnitz,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Oder,  the  town  being  con- 
nected by  a  wooden  bridge  with  the  Dom  Insel,  or  Cathedral 
Island,  in  the  Odor,  which  is  separately  fortified.  Besides 
its  cathedral,  Glogau  has  many  other  churches,  a  synagogue, 
a  citadel  with  a  large  garrison,  a  gymnasium,  and  a  school 
of  midwifery,  with  manufactures  of  beet-root  sugar,  to- 
bacco, paper,  woollen  and  cotton  fabrics,  and  straw  hats,  and 
a  considerable  corn-market.     Pop.  in  1890,  20,486. 

Glogau,  or  Ober-Glogau,  o'b^r-glo'gow,  a  town 
of  Prussian  Silesia,  on  a  railway,  23  miles  S.  of  Oppeln,  on 
the  Hotzenplotz.     Pop.  4791. 

Gloggnitz,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Glocknitz. 

Glogovatz,  glo'go-vit8\  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  4 
miles  from  Arad,  on  the  Maros.  Pop.  3689.  It  is  built  out 
of  the  ruins  of  the  old  town  of  Orod,  which  was  founded  by 
the  Emperor  Probus  in  277  and  destroyed  by  the  Tartars. 

Glomcl,  glo'md'l',  a  village  of  France,  in  Cotes-du- 
Nord,  26  miles  S.S.W.  of  Guingamp.  Pop.  300  j  of  tha 
commune,  3552. 


GLO 


1279 


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Glonnnen,  glom'm^n,  almost  glum'm^n,  the  principal 
river  of  Norway,  rises  in  the  Dovretield  table-land,  70  miles 
S.  of  Trondhjem,  flows  generally  S.,  traverses  the  Oieren 
Lake,  and  enters  the  Skager-Rack  at  Fredericksstad,  50  miles 
S.E.  of  Christiania.     Length,  280  miles. 

Glons,  gl6N's,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  7  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Liege.     Pop.  2700, 

Glookhov,  Gloukhov,  Glouchov,  or  Gluchow, 
gloo-kov',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  130  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Chernigov.  It  is  enclosed  by  earth  ramparts, 
and  has  several  churches  and  convents,  with  3  annual  fairs, 
and  a  large  trade  in  corn  and  spirits.  It  was  formerly  the 
residence  of  the  Cossack  hetman  and  of  the  governors  of 
Little  Russia.     Pop.  13,398. 

Glop'pcn,  a  village  of  Norway,  100  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Bergen,  on  a  fiord  of  the  same  name.     Pop.  3350. 

(•lorio'sa  Islands,  a  small  group  in  the  Mozambique 
Channel,  100  miles  from  the  N.  e-xtremity  of  Madagascar. 

Glos'sopf  a  town  and  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Derby, 
12  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Manchester.  The  town  consists  of  2 
portions,  called  the  new  and  the  old  town :  the  former  is 
irregularly  built,  and  the  latter  contains  many  respectable 
shops  and  dwellings.  It  has  a  town  hall,  a  market-house, 
an  endowed  school,  and  a  savings-bank,  and  is  a  seat  of  the 
cotton-manufacture.  There  are  also  woollen-  and  paper- 
mills,  dyeing-,  bleaching-,  and  print-works,  and  iron- 
foundries.     Pop.  in  IS'Jl,  22,414. 

Glos'ter,  an  enterprising  post-town  of  Amite  co.,  Miss., 
on  the  Louisville,  New  Orleans  &  Te.\as  Railway,  91 
miles  S.  of  Vicksburg,  and  55  miles  N.  of  Baton  Rouge, 
La.  It  is  on  the  divide  between  the  branches  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi and  Amite  Rivers.  It  has  several  churches, 
a  cotton-ginning  establishment,  a  newspaper  office,  general 
stores,  and  numerous  other  business  concerns.  Pop.  in 
1890,  1142, 

Gloucester,  or  Gloucestershire,  glos't^r-shjr,  a 
county  of  England,  in  its  W.  part,  bordering  on  the  estu- 
ary of  the  Severn.  Area,  1258  square  miles.  It  has  3 
niitural  divisions:  the  E.  being  the  Cotswold  Hills,  the 
middle  forming  the  fertile  valley  of  the  Severn  and  its 
affluents,  and  the  division  W.  of  the  Severn  consisting 
mostly  of  the  Forest  of  Dean.  Chief  rivers,  the  Severn, 
Upper  and  Lower  Avon,  Wye,  and  Isis.  In  the  hills, 
sheep-farming  is  the  chief  branch  of  industry.  The  vale 
of  the  Severn,  once  famous  for  vineyards,  is  now  equally  so 
for  its  corn-lands,  orchards,  and  gardens.  Chief  minerals, 
coal  and  iron  ore,  extensively  worked  in  the  forest  district. 
Capital,  Gloucester.  This  county  has  extensive  manufac- 
tures; and  many  railway  lines  traverse  it.     Pop.  572,433, 

Gloucester,  pronounced  and  often  written  Glos'ter 
(anc.  Gle'vum),  a  city,  county  of  itself,  and  river-port  of 
England,  capital  of  the  county  of  Gloucester,  on  the  E. 
bank  of  the  Severn,  33  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bristol,  and  8  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Cheltenham,  at  a  railway  junction.  It  occupies 
a  slight  eminence  beside  the  Severn,  where  it  divides  to 
enclose  the  island  of  Alney,  each  of  the  two  channels  being 
here  crossed  by  a  handsome  bridge.  It  has  four  principal 
thoroughfares,  crossing  at  right  angles,  and  on  its  S.  side  is 
a  handsome  suburb.  The  cathedral,  formerly  the  church 
of  a  rich  Benedictine  abbey,  and  built  in  1047,  is  one  of 
the  finest  in  England ;  it  possesses  a  square  tower  223  feet 
in  height,  stalls  of  fine  workmanship,  and  the  tombs  of  Ed- 
ward II.  and  Robert,  Duke  of  Normandy,  Several  of  the 
parish  churches  are  handsome.  Other  chief  buildings  are 
the  episcopal  palace,  shire  hall,  city  hall,  county  infirmary, 
lunatic  asylum,  jail,  market-house,  theatre,  assembly-rooms, 
and  pump-room  over  a  spa  said  to  exceed  that  of  Chelten- 
ham in  the  eflicacy  of  its  waters,  a  grammar-school  with 
exhibitions  to  Pembroke  College,  Oxford,  a  hospital,  a  blue- 
coat  school,  and  another  charity  school.  Gloucester  has 
manufactures  of  saddles,  gloves,  sail-cloth,  cordiige,  iron- 
ware, cutlery,  soap,  pins,  <tc.  By  the  Berkeley  Canal,  vessels 
of  upwards  of  500  tons  ascend  to  the  city.  It  has  docks  and 
extensive  wharves,  and  a  trade  in  timber,  corn,  &o.,  and 
imports  merchandise  from  the  West  Indies  and  the  Baltic. 
Gloucester  has  returned  two  members  to  the  House  of 
Commons  since  the  time  of  Edward  I.  Glevum,  said  to  be 
derived  from  the  British  Caer-Glow,  "the  fair  city,"  was 
a  place  of  importance  when  made  a  Roman  station  under 
Claudius,  a.d.  44;  and  throughout  the  Saxon  and  Norman 
periods  it  retained  a  large  share  of  consequence.  Its  bish- 
opric, founded  by  Henry  VIII.,  was  united  with  that  of 
Bristol  in  1836.  Its  neighborhood  abounds  in  fine  scenery 
and  the  residences  of  wealthy  citizens.  P.  (1891)  39,444. 
Gloucester,  glos'ter,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of 
New  Jersey,  has  an  area  of  about  300  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the 


N.E.  by  Big  Timber  Creek,  and  is  partly  drained  by 
Maurice  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  partly 
covered  with  pine  forests.  The  soil  is  mostly  sandy,  but 
the  N.W.  part  contains  much  clay  and  is  very  fertile.  In- 
dian corn,  hay,  wheat,  sweet  potatoes,  and  Irish  potatoes 
are  the  staple  products,  the  growth  of  sweet  potatoes 
(nearly  1,000,000  bushels)  being  in  some  seasons  greater 
than  that  of  any  other  county  of  the  United  States.  It 
has  valuable  beds  of  marl.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Dela- 
ware River  Railroad,  the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  and  by  two 
branches  of  the  latter.  Capital,  Woodbury.  Pop.  in  1870, 
21,562;  in  1880,  25,886;  in  1890,  28,649. 

Gloucester,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Virginia,  has 
an  area  of  about  250  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.  by  the  Plankatank  River,  on  the  S.E.  by  Chesapeake 
Bay,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  York  River.  The  surface  is  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  moderately  fer- 
tile. Indian  corn  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Many 
oysters  and  fish  are  procured  in  the  bay  and  river  by  the 
inhabitants  of  this  county.  Capital,  Gloucester  Court- 
House.  Pop,  in  1870,  10,211;  in  1880,  11,876;  in  1890, 
11,653. 

Gloucester,  a  city  and  port  of  entry  of  Essex  co., 
Mass.,  28  miles  N.N.E.  of  Boston,  is  situated  on  the  S. 
side  of  the  peninsula  of  Cape  Ann,  and  is  connected  by  rail- 
road with  the  principal  cities  and  towns  of  the  seaboard 
and  interior.  It  is  beautifully  situated  and  handsomely 
and  compactly  built.  It  contains  20  churches  (1  Epis- 
copal, 4  Congregational,  2  Baptist,  4  Methodist,  1  Unita- 
rian, 3  Roman  Catholic,  and  5  Universalist),  4  banks,  a 
savings-bank,  3  insurance  oflices,  and  gas-  and  electric- 
light  companies.  Three  newspapers  (two  daily  and  one 
weekly)  are  published  here.  The  interests  of  Gloucester 
are  almost  entirely  commercial.  It  has  a  greater  amount 
of  tonnage  employed  in  the  domestic  fisheries  than  any 
other  town  in  the  United  States,  amounting  to  some  35,000 
tons,  the  number  of  vessels  being  over  400,  and  the  "  catch" 
amounting  in  some  seasons  to  10,000,000  pounds.  The 
number  of  men  employed  in  the  cod-  and  mackerel-fisheries 
is  about  5000.  There  are  about  40  firms  engaged  in  fitting 
out  vessels.  Of  the  ports  of  Massachusetts,  only  Boston,  it 
is  said,  surpasses  Gloucester  in  foreign  imports,  which  are 
limited  to  salt  for  use  in  the  fisheries  from  Liverpool  and 
Cadiz,  and  coals,  wood,  and  lumber  from  the  British  Prov- 
inces. The  only  other  important  industries  are  a  large 
granite-trade,  the  ledges  of  the  town  furnishing  much  valu- 
able material  for  building-purposes,  and  the  building  of 
schooners  for  the  fishing-  and  coasting-trade.  The  harbor 
of  Gloucester  is  one  of  the  best  on  the  coast,  and  is  acces- 
sible at  all  seasons  for  vessels  of  the  largest  class.  Glouces- 
ter was  occupied  as  a  fishing-station  as  early  as  1624,  being 
the  first  settlement  made  on  the  N.  shore  of  Massachusetts 
Bay.  It  was  incorporated  as  a  town  in  1642,  and  became 
a  city  in  1874.  Pop.  in  1850,  7786;  in  1860,  10,904;  iu 
1880,  19,329;  in  1890,  24,657, 

Gloucester,  a  township  of  Camden  co.,  N..T.  Pop. 
2710.     It  contains  Blackwoodtown,  Chew's  Landing,  &e. 

Gloucester,  glos't?r,  a  county  of  New  Brunswick,  bor- 
dering on  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  and  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs. 
Area,°1684  square  miles.  The  surface  is  extremely  diversi- 
fied with  mountains  and  rivers,  and  on  its  coasts  are  nu- 
merous islands,  the  principal  of  which  are  Shippegan  and 
Miscou.  Great  Shippegan  Harbor,  comprising  three  commo- 
dious harbors,  and  Little  Shippegan  and  Bathurst  Harbors, 
are  in  this  county.  Into  the  latter  flow  three  large  rivers. 
Ship-building  is  carried  on  to  a  considerable  extent,  and 
there  is  a  large  export  trade  in  lumber,  deals,  fish,  Ac,  The 
Intercolonial  Railway  traverses  the  county.  CapiUl,  Bath- 
urst.    Pop.  18,810. 

Gloucester  City,  a  post-town  of  Camden  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Camden,  Gloucester  & 
Mount  Ephraim  Railroad  and  the  West  Jersey  Railroad, 
3  miles  S.  of  Camden.  It  contains  5  churches,  a  savings- 
bank,  a  city  hall,  a  newspaper  office,  iron-works,  exten- 
sive manufactories  of  cotton,  and  gas-works  and  terra- 
cotta works.  It  is  connected  by  steam-ferry  with  Phila- 
delphia. Ginghams,  print-cloths,  and  calicoes  are  made 
here.     Pop.  in  1870,  3682;  in  1880,  5347;  in  1890,  6564. 

Gloucester  Court-House,  a  post-village,  capital 
of  Gloucester  co.,  Va.,  on  an  inlet  of  Chesapeake  Bay, 
about  45  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Norfolk.  It  has  an  academy  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  125. 

Gloucester  Island,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  is  a  small 
island  in  lat.  19°  7'  S.,  Ion.  140°  37'  W. 

Gloucester  Point,  Mass.     See  Eastern  Poisi. 

Gloucester  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gloucester  oo*, 
Va.,  on  York  River,  opposite  Yorktown. 


OLO 


1280 


GOA 


Gloacestershire,  England.    Sm  Olouccster. 

Glouohovt  or  Gloukhov*  Russia.    See  Qlookiiot. 

Glover,  glQv'fr,  A  township.  Colleton  00.,  B.C.    P.  1102. 

Glover*  »  post-villKf^e  of  Orleans  oo.,  Vt.,  in  Glover 
lOWBihip,  3  luiles  from  Barton  lUilroad  Station,  and  about 
40  utiles  N.E.  of  Montpclier.  It  has  3  churches,  a  liberal 
Inititute,  saw-uiills,  and  manufactures  of  carriagcf>,  furni- 
t«r«,  ihoM,  harness,  and  boxes.  Pop.  of  the  township  in 
18»0,  970. 

Glover*8  Ferry,  a  post-oflSce  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ala. 

Glover*S  Gap,  a  poat-bauilet  of  Marion  co.,  W.  Va., 
nn  the  Baltimore  and  Ohio  Railroad,  44  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Wheeling.     It  has  a  ti-ado  in  lumber. 

Glov'crsville,acity  ofFultonco.,  N.Y.,  on  Cayadutta 
Creek,  and  on  the  Fonda,  Johnstown  A,  Oloversville  Rail- 
road, 53  miles  N.W.  of  Albany,  and  lOnniles  N.  of  Fondn. 
It  is  the  most  populous  place  in  Fulton  co.,  and  is  noted 
for  the  manufacture  of  glore-  and  shoe-leather.  It  contains 
11  churches,  2  national  banks,  a  union  school,  machine- 
shops,  manufactories  of  gloves  and  mittens,  and  38  leather- 
factories.  Two  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished here.     Pop.  in  1890,  13,864. 

GIUAVno,  glov'no,  a  small  town  of  Poland,  govornment 
and  56  miles  W.S.W.  of  Warsaw.     Pop.  1000. 

Gluchov  and  Gluchow,  Russia.    See  Glookhov. 

GlUcksburg,  glUks'biSSHO,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in 
Sleswick,  5i  miles  N.E.  of  FIcnsburg.    Pop.  858. 

GlUckstadt,g1iik'8t&tt,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Ilolstein, 
on  tho  Elbe,  29  miles  N.W.  of  Hamburg.  It  was  formerly 
important  as  a  fortress;  but  in  1814  its  defences  were  de- 
molished, and  its  old  arsenal  is  now  used  for  a  prison  and  a 
workhouse.  The  town  is  intersected  by  canals,  out  deficient 
in  good  water.  It  has  a  school  of  navigation  and  several 
other  schools.  It  communicates  by  railway  with  Altona, 
Kiel,  and  Rondsburg,  and  by  steam-packets  with  the 
ports  on  the  Elbe,  and  has  excellent  harbor-works  and  a 
good  trade.     Pop.  5031. 

Gluiras,  glwoeVis',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ardfiche,  8 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Privas.     Pop.  332. 

Glurns,  glooiins,  called  also  Glarentz,gloo'r6nts,  a 
town  of  Austria,  in  Tyrol,  on  the  Adige,  40  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Botzcn.     Pop.  727. 

Gly,  a  river  of  France.    See  Agly. 

Glyde,  a  river  of  Ireland,  rises  in  the  co.  of  Monagban, 
flows  southeastward,  and  enters  Dundalk  Bay  conjointly 
with  the  Dee. 

Gly'mont,  a  post-office  and  steamboat-landing  of 
Charles  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Potomac  River,  about  20  miles 
below  Washington. 

Glymph'ville,  a  post-office  of  Newberry  co.,  S.C.,  on 
Broad  lliver,  1  mile  from  Strother  Station. 

(ilyn,  or  Glynn,  a  hamlet  of  South  AVales,  co.  of  Car- 
marthen, 4i  miles  N.N.W.  of  Llanelly.     Pop.  868. 

Glyn-Con'uon,  a  hamlet  of  South  Wales,  co.  of  Gla- 
morgan, 6  miles  S.  of  Merthyr-Tydvil. 

Glyu'don,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  19 
miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  3  churches 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  311. 

Glyudon,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co.,  Minn.,  on  Buffalo 
River,  9  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Moorhead,  and  274  miles  W. 
of  Duluth.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mili,  a  newspaper 
office,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  275. 

Glyndon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  on  Oil 
Creek,  and  on  the  Titusville  <fe  Buffalo  Valley  Railroad,  13 
iniles  S.S.W.  of  Corry.     It  has  a  cheese-factory. 

Glynn,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Georgia,  bordering 
on  the  Atlantic  Oceanj  has  an  area  of  about  427  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Altamaha  River. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  partly  covered  with 
forests  of  small  pine-trees.  The  soil  is  sandy,  and  in  some 
parts  swampy.  Rice  is  the  staple  product.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  the  Brunswick  &  Albany  Railroad  and  the 
Macon  &  Brunswick  Railroad.  Capital,  Brunswick.  Pop. 
in  1870,  5376;  in  1880,  6497;  in  1890,  13,420. 

Glynn'wood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Auglaize  co.,  0.,  in 
Moulton  township,  on  the  Lake  Eric  &  Louisville  Railroad. 
It  has  a  church,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  stave-factory. 

Glyn-Talf,  a  hamlet  of  South  Wales,  oo.  of  Glamor- 
gan, 5  miles  W.  of  Caerphilly.     Pop.  2976. 

Gmiind,  g'milnt,  or  Gmttnden,  g'miin'dQn,  an  old 
walled  town  of  Germany,  in  Wiirtemberg,  on  the  Rems,  29 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Stuttgart.  It  has  numerous  churches,  a 
fine  town  hall,  asylums  for  the  blind  and  for  deaf-mutes,  a 
normal  and  Latin  schools,  and  manufactures  of  jewelry, 
■wooden-waros,  and  woollen  stuffs.     Pop.  12,838. 

Gmiinden,  g'miin'd^n,  a  town  of  Upper  Austria,  capi- 
tal of   the  Salz-Kammergut,  situated  among   the    finest 


scenery  In  Austria,  on  tho  river  and  Lake  of  Traun  (or 
GmUnden-See),  36  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Liutz.  It  has  a 
depAt  for  tho  salt  of  the  neighboriag  mines,  is  a  port  for  the 
Bteam-paokets  on  the  lake,  and  is  much  frequented  for  itM 
salt  baths.     Pop.  1408. 

Ginilnden-See,  Austria.    See  Tradn. 

(>nadnu,  gn&'ddw,  a  village  and  Moravian  settlement 
of  Prussian  Saxony,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Magdeburg.    P.  567. 

Gnadcnau,  gn&'df  n-Sw,  a  Mennonito  village  of  Marion 
CO.,  Kansas,  1 1  miles  from  Peabody.  It  has  a  church,  the 
members  of  which  are  immigrants  from  Russia.     Pop.  300. 

Gnadenhiitten,  gn&'d^n-huH^n,  a  )>ost-village  of 
Tuscarawas  co.,  0.,  on  the  Tuscarawas  River,  the  Ohio 
Canal,  and  the  Pittsburg  &  Columbus  Railroad,  94  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school, 
and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  478.  Gnadenhiitten  ("tents 
of  grace")  was  once  a  village  of  Christian  Indians  under 
Moravian  instruction.  On  March  8,  1782,  lOU  of  these  In- 
dians were  murdered  by  a  party  of  white  settlers. 

(•iindcnthal,  gn&'d^n-tAr,  a  Moravian  missionary 
station  of  South  Africa,  70  miles  E.S.E.  of  Capo  Town. 

Gnesen,  gn&'z^n  (Polish,  O'niezno,  gno-Az'no),  a  town 
of  Prussia,  province  of  Posen,  at  a  railway  junction,  30  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Posen.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  a  cathe- 
dral, several  convents,  and  a  diocesan  school,  it  being  the 
see  of  the  archbishop  primate  of  Prussian  Poland.  It  haa 
also  breweries,  distilleries,  and  woollen-  and  linen-mills. 
Pop.  11,206. 

Gnezda,  the  Hungarian  name  of  Kxiksek. 

Gnicwkowo,  gneev-ko'vo,  a  town  of  Prussia,  prov- 
ince and  72  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Posen.     Pop.  1774. 

Gnoien,  gnoi'?n,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Mccklenburg- 
Schwerin,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Giistrow.    Pop.  3311, 

Goa,  a  part  of  Aracan.    See  Ghoa. 

Go'a  (anc.  Govay  t),  a  fortified  maritime  city  of  the  Por- 
tuguese dominions  in  the  East,  on  an  island  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Mandona  River,  on  the  W.  coast  of  India,  250  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Bombay.  Lat.  15°  28'  2"  N. ;  Ion.  73°  51'  2"  E. 
Pop.  about  4000.  It  was  a  city  of  churches,  their  architec- 
ture far  surpassing  in  grandeur  and  taste  that  of  any  others 
built  by  Europeans  in  the  East.  Tho  chapel  of  the  palace 
was  built  after  the  model  of  St.  Peter's  at  Rome ;  the  church 
of  St.  Dominic  was  adorned  with  paintings  by  the  Italian 
masters ;  that  of  the  Jesuits  contained  the  fine  tomb  of  St. 
Francis  Xavier;  the  cathedral  would  be  worthy  of  any  city 
of  Europe;  the  Augustine  church  and  convent  were  also 
noble  structures ;  the  viceroy's  palace,  and  the  building  for- 
merly occupied  by  the  Inquisition,  have  long  been  unoccu- 
pied. It  was  held,  with  its  territory,  by  the  English  from 
1807  to  1815.  The  importance  of  Goa  has  gone  by;  the 
public  buildings  have  gone  to  decay,  or  have  been  removed 
to  New  Goa,  or  Panjim.     See  Panjim. 

Goa,  a  territory  of  India,  belonging  to  Portugal,  on  tho 
Malabar  coast.  Lat.  14°  64'-15°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  73°  45'-74° 
26'  E.  Area,  with  Salsetto  and  other  small  dependencies, 
1389  square  miles.  It  is  a  fruitful  region,  and  yields  a 
small  revenue  to  tho  mother-country.  Capital,  Panjim,  or 
New  Goa.     Pop.  392,239. 

Goack,  go^&k',  a  town  of  the  island  of  Celebes,  in  the 
Malay  Archipelago,  immediately  S.  of  Macassar.  See  also 
Macassar. 

Goahati,  a  town  of  Assam.    See  Gowhatty. 

Goajira,  go'i-nee'ri,  a  peninsula  of  South  America, 
forming  tho  W.  headland  of  Lake  Maracaybo.  It  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Oca  Mountains,  an  arm  of  tho  Andes.  W.  of 
tho  mountains  the  country  belongs  to  the  United  States  of 
Colombia,  but  the  eastern  slope  belongs  to  Venezuela  and 
constitutes  the  territory  of  Goajira, — area,  2498  square  miles, 
pop.  29,263.  The  Colombian  portion  forms  the  national  ter- 
ritory of  Goajira,  with  a  pop.  of  8390. 

Go^alan'da,  a  town  of  Bengal,  Fureedpoor  district,  at 
the  junction  of  the  main  channels  of  the  Ganges  and  Brah- 
mapootra, 151  miles  by  railway  N.E.  of  Calcutta.  It  is  the 
seat  of  an  important  trade  by  rail  and  river.  Here  are 
extensive  engineering-works  for  the  preservation  of  the 
rivor-channols.  The  currents  are  here  so  strong  that  tho 
most  powerful  steamers  have  sometimes  to  lie  at  the  town 
for  several  days. 

Goalpara,  go-il-pi'rl,  a  district  of  India,  politically 
assigned  to  Bengal,  but  geographically  and  ethnograph- 
ically  a  part  of  Assam.  Area,  4433  square  miles.  It  is 
encloosed  by  Bootan,  Camroop,  Mymunsingh,  tho  Garrow 
Hills,  Rungpoor,  and  Cooch  Bahar,  and  is  traversed  bj'  the 
Brahmapootra.  It  is  very  fertile,  but  hot  and  sickly. 
Capital,  Goalpara,  a  town  on  the  Brahmapootra,  85  milet 
E.N.E.  of  Rungpoor.  Pop.  444,761,  including  that  of  the 
Eastern  Dwars. 


GOA 


1281 


GOP 


Goands,  a  people  of  India.     See  Gundwana. 

Goari,  a  town  of  India.    See  Krishnuggur. 

Goat  Island,  in  Newport  harbor,  Rhode  Island,  di- 
rectly in  front  of  the  town.  Fort  Wolcott  is  on  this  island, 
and  on  the  N,  end  is  a  light-house,  exhibiting  a  fixed  light, 
lat.  41°  29'  18"  N,,  Ion.  71°  20'  6"  W. 

Goat  Island.    See  Niagara  Falls. 

Goat  Island,  one  of  the  Philippines,  Strait  of  Manila. 
Lat.  13°  55'  N.;  Ion.  120°  24'  E. 

Goat  Island,  or  Poolo  Cambing,  poo'lo  kim^- 
bing',  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Suinbawa,  Flores  Sea;  the  N. 
point  is  in  lat.  8°  7'  S.,  Ion,  118°  46'  18"  E. 

Goat  Islands,  two  steep  islets  off  Terceira,  Azores. 

Goave,  go^iv',  the  name  of  two  towns  of  Hayti,  Le 
Grand  (l§h  grfts")  Goave  being  7  miles  E.  of  Le  Petit  (leh 
pv'h-tee')  Goave,  which  is  on  the  Bay  of  Gonaives,  48  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Port-au-Prince,  with  a  good  harbor  and  an 
active  foreign  trade. 

Gobanium,  the  Latin  name  of  Abergavenny. 

Gobi,  go'bee\  Cobi,  or  Shamo,  shi'mo*  (i.e.,  "sea 
of  sand"),  a  wide  region  of  Central  Asia,  between  lat.  40° 
and  50°  N.  and  Ion.  90°  and  120°  E.,  comprising  a  great 
part  of  Mongolia  and  Chinese  Toorkistan.  Length,  from  E. 
to  W.,  about  1200  miles;  breadth  varies  from  500  to  700 
miles.  Its  central  portion  consists  of  a  desert  of  shifting 
sands,  skirted  on  the  N.  and  S.  by  extensive  rocky  or  stony 
tracts,  interspersed  with  some  oases. 

Gobleville,  go'b^l-vil,  a  post- village  of  Van  Buren 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Kalamazoo  <fe  South  Haven  Branch  of  the 
Michigan  Central  Railroad,  19  miles  W.  of  Kalamazoo.  It 
has  a  graded  school,  2  churches,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  a  basket- 
factory,  2  saw-mills,  a  grist-mill,  &c.     Pop.  about  600. 

Go'bo  Island,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Cape  Howe  (which  is 
the  E.  extremity  of  Victoria  colony,  Australia),  has  a  light- 
house 179  feet  above  sea-level.     Pop.  13. 

Go^burdan'ga,  or  Ga^bardan'ga,  a  town  of  Ben- 
gal, 35  miles  N.E.  of  Calcutta,  on  the  navigable  river 
Jam  una.  It  has  a  large  trade  in  rice,  jute,  and  sugar,  a 
good  English  school,  and  a  dispensary.     Pop.  6952. 

Goch,  goK,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  at  a  railway 
junction,  8  miles  S.  of  Cleves,  on  the  Niers.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  needles,  woollens,  cottons,  and  linens.     P.  4380. 

Gochop,  or  Gocheb,  a  river  of  Africa.    See  Gojeb. 

Gochsheim,  goKs'hime,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Baden, 
18  miles  N.E.  of  Carlsruhe.     Pop.  1416. 

Gochsheim,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Bavaria,  near 
Schweinfurt,  with  a  castle.     Pop.  1751. 

Gocklingen,  gok'ling-?n,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  in  the 
Palatinate,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Landau.     Pop.  1007. 

Goda,  go'di,  or  Godau,  gb'dow,  a  village  of  Saxony, 
b  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bautzen.     Pop.  561. 

God'alming,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  on  the 
navigable  river  Wey,  4  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Guildford. 
The  old  Charterhouse  school  has  been  brought  to  this  town. 
Pop.  2444. 

Godano,  go-di'no,  a  town  of  North  Italy,  13  miles 
N.W.  of  Spezzia,  near  the  Vera.     Pop.  3986. 

Godavery,  go-di'v?r-e,  a  largo  river  of  India,  in  the 
Deccan,  rises  from  the  West  Ghaut  Mountains  and  Chand- 
poor  Hills,  and  after  a  tortuous  southeastward  course,  esti- 
mated at  700  miles,  it  divides  into  two  principal  branches, 
which  subdivide  as  they  enter  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  in  lat. 
16°  30'  N.,  Ion.  82°  E.  Its  waters  are  extensively  used  in 
irrigation.     Principal  affluents,  the  Wurdah  and  Manjera. 

Godavery,  a  district  of  the  Madras  presidency,  India, 
in  the  lower  part  of  the  valley  of  the  Godavery.  Area, 
7533  square  miles.  Capital,  Rajahmundry.  Pop.  1,584,179. 
See  Upper  Godavery. 

God'bout,  a  post  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  in 
Saguenay  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence, 
180  miles  E.  of  Tadousac.     Pop.  100. 

Godclla,  go-oSl'yi,  a  town  of  Spain,  4  miles  N.  of  Va- 
lencia.    Pop.  1668. 

Godelleta,  go-cSl-yi'ti,  a  village  of  Spain,  15  miles 
W.  of  Valencia. 

Goderich,  god'ritch,  a  port  of  entry  of  Ontario,  chief 
town  of  the  co.  of  Huron,  on  Lake  Huron,  and  at  the  N. 
terminus  of  the  Buffalo  <fc  Goderich  Branch  of  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railway,  160  miles  N.AV.  of  Buffalo,  and  78  miles 
N.N.W.  of  London.  It  has  Episcopal,  Roman  Catholic, 
Presbyterian,  and  Methodist  churches,  2  branch  banks, 
several  hotels,  and  a  number  of  stores ;  also  manufac- 
tories of  woollens,  iron  castings,  machinery,  leather,  boots 
and  shoes,  wooden-ware,  <fec.,  saw-  and  grist-mills,  and  8 
salt-wells.  Goderich  has  communication  by  steamers  with 
Sarnia  and  Detroit  and  ports  on  Lake  Huron.  It  has  a  good 
harbor,  protected  by  a  pier,  with  a  light-house  at  the  mouth 


of  the  Maitland  River.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished in  Goderich.     Pop.  in  1891,  3839. 

Godesberg,go'd§s-bfiRG\  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
20  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Cologne,  on  the  Rhine.     P.  2304. 

Godewaersvelde,  godVi'fiiO  v6ld',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Nord,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Hazebrouck.     Pop.  1675. 

God'frey,  a  station  in  Elbert  co.,  Col.,  on  the  Kansas 
Pacific  Railroad,  79  miles  N.W.  of  Kit  Carson. 

Godfrey,  Madison  co..  111.    Sec  Monticello. 

Godfrey,  a  post-village  of  Bourbon  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  Fort  Scott  &  Gulf  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of 
Fort  Scott.  It  has  a  church.  Large  quantities  of  coal  are 
shipped  here. 

Godha'vcn,  or  more  properly  Godhavn,  god'hown 
(i.e.,  "  good  haven"),  a  Danish  colony  on  the  S.W.  part  of 
Disco  Island,  Greenland.     Pop.  250. 

Godhna,  god'ni,  a  town  of  the  Sarun  district,  Bengal. 
Pop.  4918. 

Godiasco,  go-de-5,s'ko  (L.  Godias'cnm),  a  town  of 
Italy,  18  miles  E.  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  1775. 

Goding,  go'ding,  a  town  of  Moravia,  34  miles  by  rail 
S.E.  of  Briinn,  on  the  March,  here  navigable.     Pop.  3703. 

Godjam  and  Godjeb.     See  Gojam  and  Gojeb. 

God'manchester  (local  pron.  gtim'c^s-t^r),  a  munici- 
pal borough  of  England,  co.  and  J  of  a  mile  S.S.E.  of  Hun- 
tingdon, of  which  town  it  is  a  suburb.  It  is  connected  with 
Huntingdon  by  3  bridges  across  the  Ouse.  It  is  supposed 
to  have  been  the  Roman  Duroliponn.     Pop.  2363. 

God'na,  Revilgunge,  or  Revelganj,  rev'?l-giinj', 
written  also  Ravel gauj,  a  town  of  the  Sarun  district, 
British  India,  on  the  Goggra,  a  mile  above  its  iunction  with 
the  Ganges.  Lat.  25°  46'  66"  N.;  Ion.  84°  41'  7"  W.  It 
has  a  great  trade  in  maize,  barley,  peas,  oil-seeds,  saltpetre, 
sugar,  rice,  salt,  and  piece  goods,  being  one  of  the  principal 
places  of  transshipment  in  Bengal.     Pop.  13,415. 

Godollo,  goMorio',  a  town  of  Hungary,  15  miles  by 
rail  N.E.  of  Pesth.     Here  is  a  royal  palace.     Pop.  3661. 

Godol'phin,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Cornwall,  5^ 
miles  AV.N.W.  of  Ilelstone. 

Go'dra,  a  town  of  India,  Gwalior  dominions,  142  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Oojein.     Lat.  22°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  73°  44'  E. 

God's  Lake,  a  large  lake  of  the  Keewatin  district, 
Canada,  discharges  its  waters  northward  into  Hayes  River. 
It  is  about  40  miles  long. 

Godthaab,  god'ta.b,  a  village  of  Greenland,  in  Davis' 
Strait.  It  was  the  first  Danish  colony  in  Greenland,  estab  ■ 
lished  by  Hans  Egede  in  1721.  It  has  a  mission  seminary, 
and  is  the  residence  of  an  inspector. 

God'win's,  a  post-oflice  of  Johnston  co.,  N.C. 

God'winsville,  a  post-oflice  of  Dodge  co.,  Ga. 

Goedereede,  gooM^h-ri'd^h,  or  Goeree,  goo'ri',  a 
town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  South  Holland,  10  miles  S.W. 
of  Briel,  on  the  island  of  Goeree.     Pop.  1105. 

Goenong-Api,  or  Goenong-Apec,  islands  in  the 
Malay  Archipelago.     See  Goonong-Apee. 

Goenong-Tella,  Celebes.    See  Goonong-Tella. 

Goentoer,  goon'toor',  Goontoor,  goonHoor',  or 
Gocnong-Goentoer,  goo^nong'-goonHoor',  an  active 
volcano  on  the  island  of  Java,  province  of  Preanger,  94 
miles  S.E.  of  Batavia.  Height,  6689  feet.  Its  eruptions 
have  frequently  caused  great  damage. 

Goeree,  gooVi',  Goedereede-Enoverflakkee, 
gooM^h-ri'd^h-fin-o'v^r-flik'k^h,  written  also  Goere,  an 
island  of  the  Netherlands,  in  South  Holland,  between  two 
outlets  of  the  Meuse,  united  to  the  island  of  Over-Flakkee 
by  causeways.  The  town  of  Goeree  or  Goedereede  is  on  the 
E.  coast. 

Goes,  HSSce,  or  Ter-Goes,  t§r-no5ce',  a  fortified  town 
of  the  Netherlands,  Zealand,  on  the  island  of  South  Beve- 
land,  and  on  the  railway  from  Bergen-op-Zoom  to  Flushing. 
Lat.  41°  30'  N. :  Ion.  3°  53'  E.  Pop.  5205.  It  has  a  curious 
ancient  monastery,  a  harbor  on  an  arm  of  the  Scheldt,  ship- 
building docks,  and  an  active  trade  in  salt. 

Goes,go'fis,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  19  miles  E. 
of  Coimbra.     Pop.  3553. 

Goes  Station,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Xenia  &,  Springfield  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Xcnia. 

Gocta-Elf,  a  river  of  Sweden.    See  Gotha. 

GoBteborg,  or  Goteborg.    See  Gothenburg. 

Goettee,  a  township  of  Beaufort  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  2319. 

Gcettingen,  a  city  of  Germany.     See  Gottingen. 

Goctzenbriick,  got^z^n^briik',  a  village  of  Germany, 
in  Lorraine,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Saargemiind.  It  has  a  manu- 
factory of  watch-glasses.     Pop.  677. 

Goflfs,  a  post-village  of  Nemaha  co,  Kansas.,  49  miles  by 
rail  W.  by  N.  of  Atchison.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  200. 


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Guff*s»  a  post-offioo  of  Ritohio  oo.,  W.  Vs. 

<«oirs  Falls,a  post-villago  of  Hillsborough  co.,  N.U., 
on  tbo  W.  bank  of  the  Merriinoo  Ilivor,  and  on  the  Cun- 
Qord  Railroad,  4  miloji  below  Manohcutor.  It  has  a  church 
:\od  a  wouilen-fuctorjr. 

GutP8  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Steuben  oo.,  N.Y. 

fioU'it'tuu'ii,  a  post-villago  of  Hillsborough  co.,  N.H., 
in  QoQiitown  township,  on  the  Pisoataquog  (bquog)  River, 
and  on  the  Mauohester  A  North  Wenre  Railroad,  about  15 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Concord.  It  has  a  town  ball,  2  churches, 
a  machine-shop,  and  a  manufactory  of  sash  and  blinds. 
Pop.  of  the  township  (I8UU),  1081. 

Iwotfstown  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Hillsborough  oo., 
N.H^  is  in  Goffstown  township, on  the  PiBcataquog(Squog), 
and  on  the  Manchester  &  North  Wcnre  Rnilroad,  6  miles 
W.N.W.of  Miinchester.   It  has  2  churches  and  a  pulp-mill, 

Gogan,  go^g&n',  a  villago  of  Persia,  province  of  Azer- 
baijan, on  the  E.  side  of  the  Lake  of  Ooroomeeyah. 

Gogeh,  a  town  of  India.     See  (iioao. 

Gog'gansvillc,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  oo.,  Oa.,  on 
the  railroad  botwoon  Macon  and  Atlanta,  35  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Macon.  It  has  a  ohuroh,  on  acodomy,  and  about  12 
houses. 

Gdggingen,  gog'ghing-^n,  a  villago  of  Baden,  circle 
of  Lake,  E.  of  Mosskiroh.     Pop.  731. 

Goggingen,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Wertach,  2 
miles  S.W.  of  Augsburg.     Pop.  1679. 

Gogginsville,  gog'ghinz-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Frank- 
lin CO.,  Vii.,  about  48  miles  S.W.  of  Lynchburg. 

Goggra,  Gogra,  gog'gr&,  tihagra,  gi'grl,  Sarjoii, 
sar'joo',  De'\va,or  Kanar,  k&'nar'  (Hindoo,  Gharyhara, 
gar'gi-ri,),  a  river  of  India,  ono  of  the  chief  tributaries 
of  the  Ganges,  which  it  joins  about  100  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Benares,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  from  400  to  500  miles 
through  Nepaul,  Oude,  and  Bengal.  The  towns  of  Fyza- 
Dod  und  Oude  aro  on  its  banks.  It  is  the  Sareyu  of  Hindoo 
mythology,  and,  according  to  Rennell,  the  Agorames  of 
Arrian.  The  river  is  the  channel  of  a  large  trade,  and  is 
regarded  with  peculiar  veneration  by  the  Hindoos,  its  banks 
being  resorted  to  by  numerous  devotees. 

Gogna,  a  river  of  Italy.    See  Agogxa. 

Go'go,  Gogeh,  or  Goghe,  go'gh^b,  a  town  of  India, 
district  of  Ahmedabad,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Gulf  of  Cam- 
bay.  Lat.  21°  39'  N.;  Ion.  72°  15'  E.  During  the  S.W. 
monsoon  its  anchorage  is  safe  and  good.     Pop.  9571. 

Gohan'uh,  a  town  of  India,  Kohtuk  district,  on  the 
Rohtuk  Branch  Canal,  50  miles  N.W.  of  Delhi.    Pop.  6668. 

Golieeu'villc,  a  post-hamlet  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa.,  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Kittanning.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Gohud,  go^htld',  a  town  of  British  India,  district  and 
22  miles  N.E.  of  Agra.     Lat.  26°  24'  N. ;  Ion.  78°  20'  E. 

Gohun,  go'hun',  a  town  of  India,  in  Bundelcund,  11 
miles  N.W.  of  Jaloun. 

Goianinha,  go-yi-neen'yi,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province 
of  Rio  Grande  do  Norte,  28  miles  S.  of  Natal.     Pop.  1500. 

Goirle,goiit'lQb,a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North 
Brabant,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Bois-Io-Duc.     Pop.  1441. 

Goisern,  goi'z^m,  a  village  of  Upper  Austria,  on  the 
Traun,  6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Hallstadt.     Pop.  942. 

Goito,  go'e-to,  a  village  of  Italy,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Man* 
tua,  on  the  Mincio.     Pop.  5274. 

Gojam,  or  GotUam,  go^j&m',  a  district  of  Abyssinia, 
in  Amhara.  Lat.  from  10°  to  11°  N. ;  Ion.  from  37°  to  38° 
E.  It  is  mostly  a  grassy  plain,  traversed  in  some  parts  by 
high  mountain-ranges  and  by  affluents  of  the  Abai. 

Gojeb,  or  Godjeb,  go'jdb,  written  also  Goclieb, 
Gocliop,  or  Gosliop,  a  river  of  Africa,  in  the  country 
6.  of  Abyssinia,  flowing  E.,  in  lat.  about  6°  N.,  supposed 
to  join  the  Abai. 

Goliauk,  or  Golcalt,  go-kawk',  atown  of  India,  district 
and  32  miles  N.E.  of  Belgaum.     Pop.  12,612. 

Gok'la,  a  town  of  India,  Boglipoor  district.    Pop.  3149. 

G6ktsclie-Denghis,gokt'shi-ddng'ees'("bluelake"), 
also  called  Kegiiam  (kA^gJlm')  Sea,  Goukclia,  Goo- 
keka,  Goktclia,  and  Goutclika,  Sevan,  or  Se- 
vangha,  and  sometimes  Sewan,  s^^w&n',  a  lake  of  Rus- 
sian Armenia,  to  the  N.E.  of  Erivan,  47  miles  long  from 
N.W.  to  S.E.,  and  on  an  average  12  miles  broad.  It  is 
about  5300  feet  above  the  sea-level,  in  a  basin  surrounded 
by  mountains,  many  of  them  covered  with  the  richest  ver- 
dure, not  a  few  of  the  most  fantastic  forms,  and  several 
covered  with  snow.  In  the  N.W.  of  the  lake  there  is  an 
island,  called  Sewan  or  Sevan,  with  a  convent  on  it.  This 
lake  was  aiUed  Lychnitis  by  the  ancients. 

G6la-Secca,  go'li-sdk'ki,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
and  33  miles  N.W.  of  Milan,  on  the  Ticino.     Pop.  1703. 

Golcar,  gOl'k^r,  a  town  of  England,  West  Riding  of 


Yorkshire,  4  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Huddorsfiold.  Pop. 
6033.     Here  are  many  shoddy-mills. 

Golconda,  gol-kon'dl,  a  fortified  town  of  India,  in  the 
Nixam's  dominions,  3  miles  W.  of  Hydenvbivd.  Lnt.  17° 
15'  N. ;  Ion.  73°  32'  E.  It  has  been  noted  as  a  depot  for 
diamonds,  which  are  brought  hither  from  the  plains  ut  the 
base  of  tho  Neela  Hulla  Mountains,  on  the  banks  of  the 
Kistnah  and  I'onnar  Rivers. 

(iolcon'da,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pope  co.,  III.,  on 
tho  Ohio  River,  77  miles  above  Cairo,  and  about  24  miles 
by  land  N.  by  E.  of  Paducah.  It  has  a  court-house,  2 
banks,  7  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  4  hotels,  2  flouring- 
mills,  2  saw-mills,  a  woollen-mill,  <io.     Pop.  (1890)  1174. 

Golconda,  a  post-village  of  Humboldt  co.,  Nevada, 
near  the  Humboldt  River,  128  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Elko. 
Gold,  silver,  and  lead  are  found  in  the  vicinity. 

Goldapp,  gol'd&pp,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  21  miles 
S.E.  of  Guinbinnen,  on  the  Goldapp  River.     Pop.  4809. 

Goldnu,  gol'ddw,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
5i  miles  W.N.W.  of  Sohwytz,  at  the  8.  foot  of  the  Rossberg, 
by  a  land-slip  of  which  mountain  the  former  village  of  the 
same  name,  with  the  villages  of  Bussingen,  Rother,  and  a 
part  of  Lowertz,  were  totally  buried  on  September  2,  1806. 

Gold  Bench,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Curry  co., 
Oregon,  56  miles  ^direct)  W.  of  Grant's  Pass.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  district  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.    Pop.  200. 

Goldberg,  golt'bSiio,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Mecklcn- 
burg-Schwerin,  28  miles  E.  of  Schwerin.     Pop.  2848. 

Goldberg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Prussian  Silesia,  11 
miles  S.W.  of  Liegnitz,  on  the  Katzbach.  It  has  distilleries, 
and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth  and  hosiery.     Pop.  6475. 

Gold  Coast,  a  British  colony  of  AVestern  Alrica,  on 
the  soa-ooast,  extending  from  Ion.  1°  10'  E.  to  about  3°  W., 
and  bounded  N.  by  Ashantee.  In  1664  the  English  first 
came  here;  in  1850  they  purchased  the  Danish  forts  on  the 
coast,  and  in  1872  those  of  the  Dutch,  upon  which  a  war 
followed  with  Ashantee;  and  in  1874  the  former  protector- 
ate was  changed  into  a  definite  colonial  government,  and 
slavery  was  abolished.  The  country  is  mostly  level  near 
the  coast,  but  hilly  in  the  interior.  Area,  16,626  square 
miles.  The  soil  is  exceedingly  fertile,  but  the  climate  is 
very  sickly,  even  for  the  natives.  Palm  oil  is  the  leading 
export,  but  some  gold-dust  is  obtained,  whence  the  name 
of  the  country.     Capital,  Cape  Coast  Castle.     Pop.  408,070. 

Gold  Creek,  a  station  on  the  Little  Rock  4  Fort  Smith 
Rsiilroad,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Little  Rock,  Ark. 

Gold'en,  a  town  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Tipperary,  3i  miles 
W.  of  Cashel.     Pop.  354. 

Gold'en,  the  capital  of  Jefferson  co..  Col.,  is  situated  on 
Clear  Creek,  and  on  the  Colorado  Central  Railroad,  16  miles 
W.  of  Denver.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  bank,  7  churches,  2 
newspaper  offices,  a  state  school  of  mines,  Jarvis  Hall,  3 
flouring-mills,  a  paper-mill,  4  collieries,  machine-  and  car- 
shops,  2  potteries,  and  3  smelting-  and  reduction-works  for 
gold  and  silver.     Coal  is  found  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  2383. 

Golden,  a  post-village  of  Adams  oo..  111.,  27  miles  by 
rail  E.S.E.  of  Quincy.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  Ac.     Pop.  466. 

Golden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barry  oo.,  Mo.,  on  the  White 
River,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Cassville. 

Golden  Bridge,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  and  If 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Dublin. 

Golden  City,  a  post-village  of  Barton  oo..  Mo.,  22 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Lamar.  It  has  6  churches,  2  banks, 
a  broom-factory,  a  brick-  and  tile-factory,  and  2  newspaper 
offices.     Pop.  773. 

Golden  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  0. 

Golden  Dale,  a  popt-village  of  Klikitat  co.,  Wash- 
ington, about  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Celilo,  Oregon.  It  has  6 
churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  public  school,  flour- 
mills,  blind-factories,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  702. 

Golden  Gate,  a  post-village  of  Brown  co.,  Minn.,  16 
miles  W.N.W.  of  New  Ulm.     It  has  2  general  stores. 

Golden  Grove,  a  station  in  Lauderdale  co..  Miss.,  5 
miles  W.  of  Meridian. 

Golden  Grove,  a  township  of  Barton  co..  Mo.   P.  405. 

Golden  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C, 
and  a  station  on  the  Greenville  &  Columbia  Railroad,  10 
miles  S.  of  Greenville. 

Golden  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Arkansas  co.,  Ark.,  25 
miles  S.  of  Devall's  Bluff.     It  has  a  church. 

Golden  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dorchester  co.,  Md., 
about  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cambridge. 

Golden  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Wyoming  co..  Pa. 

Golden  Junction,  in  Jefferson  co..  Col.,  is  on  the 
Colorado  Central  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  tho  Broad 
and  the  Narrow  Gauge  division,  2  miles  E.  of  Golden. 


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Golden  Lake,  a  post-office  and  landing  of  Mississippi 
CO.,  Ark.,  on  the  Mississippi  Ki  ver,  40  miles  above  Hopefie'd. 

Goldeu  Lake,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Waukesha 
CO.,  AVis.,  on  a  small  lake,  about  34  miles  W.  of  Milwaukee. 

Golden  Peak,  Colorado,  has  an  altitude  of  9650  feet 
above  the  sca-lcvel.     Lat.39°49'  N.;  Ion.  105°  20'  52"  W. 

Golden  Pond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Trigg  co.,  Ky.,  14 
miles  S.  of  Eddyville.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Golden  Prairie,  a  post-office  of  DeLaware  co.,  Iowa. 

Golden's  Bridge,  a  post-village  of  Westchester  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Lewisborough  township,  on  the  Croton  River,  and 
on  the  New  York  &  Harlem  Railroad,  44  miles  N.N.E.  of  the 
Grand  Central  Depot  of  New  York.  It  has  a  church  and 
about  30  dwellings.  The  New  Y'ork  &  Mahopac  Railroad 
e-vtends  from  this  place  to  Lake  Mahopac. 

Golden  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burt  co..  Neb.,  near 
the  Missouri  River,  18  miles  N.  of  Herman  Station. 

Golden  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Buchanan  co.,  Va., 
60  miles  from  Saltville. 

Golden  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C. 

Goldenstein,  gol'd^n-stlno^  or  Koldsstein,  kolt'- 
stine,  a  town  of  Moravia,  35  miles  N.W.  of  Olmutz. 

Golden  Valley,  a  township  of  Rutherford  oc,  N.C. 
Pop.  1122. 

Gold'enville,  or  Sher'brooke  Gold-Mines,  a 
post-village  in  Guysborough  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  N.W. 
side  of  St.  Mary's  River,  3  miles  from  Sherbrooke.  Here 
are  rich  gold-mines,  and  some  quartz-mills,  worked  by 
steam  and  by  water.     Pop.  900. 

Gold'lield,  or  Grant,  a  post-village  of  Wright  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Boone  River,  10  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Clarion. 
It  has  2  churches,  2  banks,  a  brick-  and  tile-works,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  343. 

Gold  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Lee  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Savan- 
nah &  Memphis  Railroad,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Opelika. 

Gold  Hill,  a  mining-camp  of  Nevada  co.,  Cal.,  adjacent 
to  Nevada  City.     Gold  is  found  here. 

Gold  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Boulder  co.,  Col.,  7  miles 
by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Boulder.     Pop.  425. 

Gold  Hill,  a  former  post-town  of  Storey  co.,  Nevada, 
since  1880  annexed  to  Virginia  City,  of  which  it  forms  two 
wards.  It  was  once  one  of  the  most  enterprising  and  pop- 
ulous towns  in  the  state,  its  importance  being  duo  to  its  rich 
silver-mines,  whose  annual  product  amounted  to  millions 
of  dollars.  Hero  is  the  famous  Comstock  Lode,  on  Mt. 
Davidson.     Pop.  in  1880,  4531 ;  in  1890,  2078. 

tiold  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Rowan  co.,  N.C,  in  Gold 
Hill  township.  14  miles  S.E.  of  Salisbury,  and  about  .34 
miles  N.E.  of  Charlotte.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  carriage- 
shop.     Gold  is  found  here.     Pop.  of  the  township,  959. 

Gold  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Buckingham  co.,  Ya.,  25 
miles  N.  of  Farmville.     It  has  a  church. 

Gold  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co.,  W.  Va. 

Goldingen,  gol'ding-^n,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Cour- 
land,  72  miles  W.N.AV*.  of  Mitau.     Pop.  4752. 

Goldkronach,  golt'kro^n^K,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on 
the  Kronach,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Baireuth.     Pop.  876. 

Gold  Mine,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Ala.,  54  miles 
S.  of  Tuscumbia. 

Gold  Region,  re'jiin,  a  post-offico  of  Moore  co.,  N.C. 

Gold'rinsey,  a  post-office  of  Saline  co..  Neb. 

Gold  Run,  a  post-vill.age  of  Placer  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 

Central  Pacific  Railroad,  64  miles  N.E.  of  Sacramento,  and 

about  12  miles  E.  of  Grass  Valley.     It  has  a  church,  a 

^    banking-house,  2  hotels,  and  several  stores,     P.  about  500. 

'        Golds'berry,  a  township  of  Howell  CO.,  Mo.    Pop.  349. 

Golds'borough,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ga.,  10 
miles  from  Cochran  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Goldsborough,  a  post-village  of  Caroline  oo.,  Md., 
on  the  Maryland  <fc  Delaware  Railroad,  24  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Easton.     It  has  3  general  stores. 

Goldsborough,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wayne  co., 
N.C,  in  Goldsborough  township,  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
Ncuse  River,  and  on  the  Wilmington  &  Weldon  Railroad, 
84  miles  N.  of  Wilmington,  49  miles  S.E.  of  Raleigh,  and 
59  miles  W.  by  N.  of  New-Berne.  It  is  the  W.  terminus 
of  the  Atlantic  &  North  Carolina  Railroad,  which  here 
connects  with  a  branch  of  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Rail- 
road. It  has  a  court-house,  a  bank,  6  churches,  a  college, 
manufactures  of  carriages,  machinery,  Ac,  and  printing- 
offices  which  issue  2  weekly  newspapers.  Pop.  in  1880, 
3280;  in  1890,  4017. 

Goldsborough  (Etters  Post-Office),  a  borough  of 
York  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the 
Northern  Central  Railroad,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Harrisburg. 
It  has  2  saw-mills,  a  planing-mill,  a  cigar-factory,  2  hotels, 
and  a  quarry  of  brownstone.     Pop.  310. 


Goldscheuer,  golt'shoi^r,  a  village  of  Germany,  in 
Baden,  on  the  Rhine,  6  miles  W.N.W.  of  Offenburg. 

Gold'smith,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tipton  co.,  Ind.,  5  milea 
by  rail  W.  of  Tipton.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
a  brick-  and  tile-factory,  <fcc.     Pop.  300. 

Gold'thwaite,  a  post-vilhige,  capital  of  Mills  co., 
Tex.,  40  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Lampasas,  It  has  3  churches, 
a  bank,  2  newspiiper  offices,  Ac.     Pop.  1600. 

Golega,  go-li'gi,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Estremadura, 
on  the  Tiigus,  70  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lisbon.     Pop.  3734. 

Golek-Boghaz,  go'lfik^-bo^giz'  (the  "  Cilician  gates" 
of  antiquity),  a  pass  in  Asiatic  Turkey,  through  the  Bul- 
ghar-Tagh  (Taurus),  30  miles  N.W.  of  Tarsus. 

Gole'ta,  a  post-hamlet  of  Santa  Barbara  co,,  Cal.,  7 
miles  W.  of  Santa  Barbara.     It  has  a  church. 

Golet'ta,  a  seaport  of  Tunis,  at  the  entrance  to  the  bay, 
and  11  miles  by  railway  or  steamboat  N.  of  the  town  of 
Tunis.  It  has  forts,  a  custom-house,  a  palace  and  harem 
belonging  to  the  Bey  of  Tunis,  a  court-house,  and  many 
fine  villas.     Pop.  3500. 

Golfe  de  Gascogne,  the  French  for  Bay  op  BiscAr. 

Golfo  de  Maracaybo.    See  Gulp  of  Makacaybo. 

Golfo  Dulce,  a  gulf  of  Costa  Rica.    See  Dulce. 

Golfo  Dulce,  a  lake  of  Guatemala.     See  Di;i.CG. 

Goli,  go'lee,  a  small  island  of  Dalmatia,  in  the  Adriatlo 
Sea,  3  miles  N.E.  of  the  island  of  Arbe. 

Goli,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Senegambia,  on  the  estuary 
of  the  Jeba,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Bissao.     Pop.  4000. 

Goliad,  go4e-ad',  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Te.^as,  has 
an  area  of  about  900  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
San  Antonio  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Coleto  and  other 
creeks.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with 
prairies  and  woodlands,  in  which  the  ash,  elm,  live-oak, 
and  pecan  are  found.  The  soil  produces  Indian  corn,  cotton, 
and  pasture.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Southern  Pacific 
Railroad.  Capital,  Goliad,  Pop.  in  1870,  3628;  in  1880, 
5832;  in  1890,  5910. 

Goliad,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Goliad  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  N.  bank  of  the  San  Antonio  River,  29  miles  by  rail  N.E. 
of  Beeville.  It  has  7  churches,  2  banks,  a  newspaper  office, 
2  public  schools,  and  a  private  school.  Pop.  in  1890,  about 
2000. 

Golin'do,  a  post-hamlet  of  Falls  co.,  Tex.,  about  16 
miles  S,  of  Waco.     It  has  a  church. 

Golin'za  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Forest  oo..  Pa.,  10  miles 
from  Tionesta.     It  has  2  lumber-mills. 

Gollersdorf,  gol'l^rs-doiif  \  a  town  of  Lower  Austria, 
on  the  Giillersbach,  23  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Korneuburg, 

Gollnow,  gol'nov,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  14 
miles  N.E.  of  Stettin,  on  the  Ihna,  with  copper-works,  and 
woollen-,  fulling-,  and  paper-mills.     Pop.  7913. 

Gollousier,  gol-loo-seer'  (Fr.  pron.  gorioo^se-A'),  a 
maritime  town  of  the  island  of  Soootra,  on  its  N.  coast. 

Gollub,  gol'loob,  a  town  of  Prussia,  on  the  Drewcnz, 
opposite  Dobrzyn,  in  Poland.     Pop.  2701. 

Gollumbiucze,  gol'loom-bin^sd,  or  Golubincze, 
go'loo-bin\«i,  a  village  of  Slavonia,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Peter- 
wardein.     Pop,  3340, 

Golma,  an  island  of  Sweden.    See  IIolmon. 

Golnitz,  gol'nits,  a  town  of  Hungary,  oo.  of  Zips,  18 
miles  S.W.  of  Eperies,  Pop.  5205,  In  and  around  it  are 
iron-  and  copper-mines,  iron-forges,  and  factories  of  iron- 
wire  and  cutlery, 

Golo,  go'lo,  a  river  of  Corsica,  enters  the  Mediterranean 
on  its  E.  coast,  12  miles  S.  of  Bastia. 

Golovatchcf,  or  Golowatschev,  a  headland  of 
Saghalin.    See  Cape  Golovatchef. 

Gols,  golsh,  or  Galos,  gohMosh',  a  town  of  Hungary, 
CO.  of  Wieselburg,  32  miles  S.E.  of  Vienna,     Pop.  2092. 

Gol'spie,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Sutherland,  on 
Dornoch  Firth,  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Dornoch.     Pop.  1074. 

Golssen,  gols's§n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  46  miles  W,S,W. 
of  Frankfort,  on  the  Dahme.     Pop.  1241. 

Goltsch- Jenikau,  goltsh-yi'nc-kow\  a  town  of  Bo- 
hemia, 50  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Prague.     Pop.  2708. 

Golubincze,  Austria.    See  Gollumbinczb. 

Gomanizza,  go-mi-nit'si,  a  village  of  European  Tur- 
key, in  Albania,  43  miles  W.S.W,  of  Yanina,  on  the  coast. 

Gomara,  a  country  of  Africa.    See  Kaffa, 

Gomaringen,  go'uii-ring'^n,  a  village  of  WUrtera- 
berg,  5  miles  W.  of  Reutlingen,  on  the  Wiesatz.     Pop,  1729, 

Goinati,  the  Hindoo  name  of  the  Gooxtee, 

Goinbas,  gom^bSsh',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Lip 
tau,  7  miles  from  Rosenberg.     Pop.  960. 

Gomber,  Ohio.    See  Lore  City. 

Gombin,  gom'been,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  prorino* 
and  55  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Warsaw.     Pop.  5249. 


GOM 


1284 


GOO 


Gom*broon',  Gom'bcroon',  Gnmran,p4ra*roon', 
Gam^broon',  IIundcrAbbnsjbQn'd^r&b'b&s',  Ben'- 
dcr  Ab'bns',  or  Uun'der  Ab^bat'see  (formerly  //or'- 
moot',  Hormui,  or  HarmoMia),  a  senport  town  of  Persia, 
nrovinco  of  Herman,  but  latterly  forming  a  part  of  the 
Muscat  dominion!!,  on  the  Persian  Gulf,  near  its  mouth, 
about  12  miles  N.W.  of  the  island  of  Ormus.  Lat.  27°  18' 
N. ;  Ion.  56°  30'  K.  Pop.  5000. 
.  Gomelf  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Hokel. 

Gu'mori  a  township  of  Caldwell  oo.,  Mo.     Pop.  55S. 

Gomert  a  post-village  of  Allen  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ottawa 
I'.ivor,  4  miles  N.  of  Elida  Station,  and  about  10  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Lima.    It  has  a  church. 

Gomcrn,  go-m&'rJl,  one  of  the  Canary  Islands,  W.  group, 
W.  of  Tenoriie,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  a  strait  13 
miles  broiul.  Length,  23  miles;  breadth,  9  miles.  It  has 
mountains  covered  with  perpetual  snow,  and  many  fertile 
valleys,  producing  corn,  archil,  silk,  dates  and  other  fruits, 
wine,  cotton,  sugar,  &o.  It  is  well  wooded,  and  water  is 
abundant.  The  principal  town  is  San  Sebastian.  Total 
pop.  8600. 

Gomcra,  go-m&'rJL,  a  river  of  Morocco,  province  of  Fez, 
enters  the  Mediterranean  near  Veloz  de  Gomera,  after  a 
N.W.  course  of  50  miles. 

Gomc'ria,  a  post-ofiSoe  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas. 

Go'mer'8  Alills,  a  post-oflace  of  Elbert  co.,  Colorado. 

Gom'etra,orGom'ietray,  asmall  island  of  Scotland, 
CO.  of  Argyle,  between  Staffa  and  Mull,  near  Ulva. 

Gomez,  go'mSs,  an  island  of  the  United  States  of  Co- 
lombia, in  the  Caribbean  Sea,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Magdalena. 
Lat.  11°  6'  N.;  Ion.  74°  60'  W. 

Gommegnies,  gom^mdn^yee',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Nord,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Avesnes.     Pop.  3148. 

Gommenitza,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Gomanizza. 

Gommern,  gom'm^rn,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Saxony,  9 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Magdeburg,  on  the  Ehle.     Pop.  2C00. 

Gomoiia,  go-mo'ni,  a  small  island  of  the  Pacific,  Xulla 
Islands,  in  lat.  1°  46'  S.,  Ion.  127°  27'  E. 

Gtt^mOr'  and  Kis-Hont,  kish'h5nt',  a  county  of 
Hungary,  in  the  N.  is  very  mountainous  and  has  great  and 
varied  mineral  wealth,  but  the  S.  part  is  fertile.  Area,  1583 
square  miles.     Pop.  173,438. 

G5mor  Sajo,  go*mor'  S(5h'yo\  a  village  of  Hungary,  in 
the  county  of  Giimor  and  Kis-Hont,  on  a  railway,  and  on 
the  Sajo,  88  miles  N.E.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  960. 

Gomul,  go'miil',  orGoolairee,  goo-li'rce  or  goo-li'- 
rce,  an  important  pass  on  the  route  from  India  into  Afgha- 
nistan, leading  from  Dera  Ismaeel  Khan  to  Ghuzneo,  along 
the  channel  of  the  Gomul  River. 

Gomul,  a  river  of  Eastern  Afghanistan,  risns  about 
lat.  33°  N.,  Ion.  69°  22'  E.,  60  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ghuznoe, 
and,  crossing  the  Suleiman  range  of  mountains  about  lat. 
32°  25'  N.,  is  lost  in  the  sand.  During  tho  rains,  how- 
ever, it  continues  its  course  to  the  Indus,  lat.  32°  5'  N., 
Ion.  71°  E. 

•  Gonaive,  or  La  Gonaive,  li  go*niv',  an  island  of 
the  West  Indies,  W.  of  Hayti,  in  the  Bay  of  Leogane. 
Length,  about  36  miles ;  average  breadth,  8  miles.  It  has 
no  permanent  population. 

Gonaives,  or  Les  Gonaives,  li  go'nlv',  a  town  of 
Hayti,  on  the  Bay  of  Gonaives,  65  miles  N.W.  of  Port-au- 
Prince.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  and  exports  cofifee,  dyewoods, 
and  cotton,  and  imports  from  the  United  States  dry-goods 
and  provisions.     It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  6000. 

Goncelin,  g6K"'s§h-liNi»',  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Is6re,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Grenoble.     Pop.  1634. 

Gon'da,  a  district  of  India,  in  the  Fyzabad  division, 
Oude,  lying  N.  of  the  Fyzabad  district.  Area,  2683  square 
miles.    Capital,  Gonda.    Pop.  1,168,462. 

Gonda,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  Gonda  district,  30 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Fyzabad.     Pop.  11,764. 

Gondal,  gon-d&l',  a  native  state  of  India,  in  Kattywar, 
and  in  the  Halar  division.  Area,  699  square  miles.  Pop. 
in  1872,137,217, 

Gon'dar,  tho  capital  city  of  Abyssinia,  21  miles  N.E. 
of  Lake  Dembea  or  Zana,  in  lat.  12°  50'  N.,  Ion.  37°  32'  E. 
It  is  built  on  a  lofty,  isolated  hill,  between  two  rivers,  which 
unite  below  the  town.  Entire  circumference  of  the  city, 
about  11  miles.  It  contains  a  ruined  palace,  many  churches, 
and  other  buildings  devoted  to  religious  purposes.  Gondar 
has  lost  much  of  its  former  splendor.  Cotton  cloths  of  a 
fine  quality,  with  leather-work  and  silver  filigree,  are  manu- 
factured here.  The  people  of  this  city  are  represented  as 
extremely  licentious  and  addicted  to  the  most  barbarous 
and  brutal  practices.     Pop.  about  6000. 

Gondeconrt,  g6Nd^kooR',  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Nord,  9  miles  from  Lille.    Pop.  2095. 


Gondclshcim,  gon'd^ls-hlme',  a  village  of  Baden,  14 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Carlsruhe.     Pop.  1320. 

Gondokoro,  g6n-do-ko'ro,  or  Isinailia,  iz-m&-eo'- 
l^-i,  an  important  ivory-trading  town  on  the  Upper  Nile, 
included  in  tho  territory  annexed  by  Egypt  in  1871.  Al- 
titude, 1621  feet. 

Gondrecourt,  gixdVkoon',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Meuse,  17  miles  S.S.W.  of  Commercy.     Pop.  1766. 

Gonesse,  go^nfiss',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-et-Olso, 

10  miles  N.E.  of  Paris,  on  the  Crould.     Pop.  2817. 
Gonfaron,  g6N»'fi*r6N»',  a  village  of  France,  in  Var, 

22  miles  N.E.  of  Toulon.     Pop.  2197. 

Goniadz,  or  Goniondz,  g6n'y6xz\  a  town  of  Rus- 
sia,  government  of  Grodno,  32  miles  N.W.  of  Bialystok,  on 
the  Bobcr.     Pop.  1846. 

Gon'ic,  a  post-village  of  Strafford  co.,  N.H.,  in  Roch- 
ester township,  on  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad,  8  miles  N. 
of  Dover,  ana  on  the  Nashua  &  Rochester  Railroad,  2  miles 
S.W.  of  Rochester.  It  has  a  national  bank,  a  wooUon-mill, 
several  brick-yards,  and  2  churches. 

Gonneville,  gonnS'eel',  a  village  of  France,  in  Manche, 
6  miles  E.  of  Cherbourg.     Pop.  1102. 

Gonneville,  a  village  of  France,  in  Seino-Inffirieure, 

11  miles  N.N.E.  of  Havre.     Pop.  692. 
Gonningen,  gon'ning^^n,  a  village  of  Wiirtcmberg,  5 

miles  S.W.  of  Reutlingen.     Pop.  1776. 

Gonnord,  gon^non',  a  town  of  France,  in  Maine-et- 
Loiro,  18  miles  S.  of  Angers.     Pop.  1703. 

Gonnos-Codina,  gon'nos-ko-dee'n&,  a  village  of  Sar- 
dinia, 20  miles  S.E.  of  Oristano. 

Gonnos-Fanadiga,  gon'nos-fl-ni-dee'gi,  a  village 
of  Sardinia,  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  3787. 

Gonnos-Tramatza,  gon'nos-tri-mit'si,  a  village  of 
Sardinia,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Oristano.     Pop.  958. 

Gonobitz,  go'no-bits,  Gonowitz,  go'no-*^its\  or 
Ganowitz,  gi'no-^'its^  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Styria,  19 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Marburg.     Pop.  912. 

Gonsinskoie-Ozero,  gon-sin-skoi'i-o-z&'ro,  a  lake 
of  Asiatic  Russia,  68  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Kiakhta. 

Gontensweil,  gon't^ns-^ile',  or  Gundischweil, 
goon'dish-'frile*,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  in  Aargau,  14 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Aarau.     Pop.  2131. 

Gonzaga,  gon-z4'g4,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  14 
miles  S.  of  Mantua.     Pop.  17,526. 

Gonzales,  gon-zah'ftz,  a  county  in  S.  central  Texas. 
Area,  980  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Guadalupe 
River,  and  also  drained  by  the  San  Marcos  River  and  sev- 
eral creeks.  Tho  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly;  the  soil  is 
fertile  and  adapted  to  pasturage.  Cattle,  Indian  corn,  cot- 
ton, and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  traversed 
by  the  San  Antonio  &  Aransas  Pass  Railroad  and  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  both  of  which  oommunioato  with 
Gonzales,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop,  in  1870,  8951; 
in  1880,  14,840;  in  1890,  18,016. 

Gonzales,  a  post- village  of  Monterey  co.,  Cal.,  in  the 
fertile  Salinas  Valley,  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  17 
miles  S.E.  of  Salinas  City.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  oflSce,  public  schools,  <fec.     Pop.  359. 

Gonzales,  a  station  in  Escambia  co.,  Fla.,  on  the  Pen- 
sacola  Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  Pensaeola. 

Gonzales,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Gonzales  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  Guadalupe  River,  1  mile  below  the  mouth  of  the 
San  Marcos  River,  72  miles  by  rail  E.  of  San  Antonio,  and 
60  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Austin.  It  has  2  banks,  7  churches, 
and  the  Gonzales  College.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are 
published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1641. 

Gonzalo,  a  town  of  Brazil.     See  Sao  Go\9ALo. 

Goob  Ducnoo,  in  the  Red  Sea.     See  ANsr.Er  Bay. 

Gooch'land,  a  county  near  the  central  part  of  Vir- 
ginia. Area,  280  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by 
the  James  lliver.  The  surface  is  undulating  and  exten.«ivcly 
covered  with  forests.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  tobacco 
are  the  staple  products.  Coal  and  gold  are  found  in  this 
county.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Rail- 
way. Capital,  Goochland  Court-House.  Pop.  in  1870, 
10,313;  in  1880,  10,292;  in  1890,  9958. 

Goochland,  a  post-ofiice  of  Rock  Castle  co.,  Ky. 

Goochland  Court-House,  a  post-village,  capital 
of  Goochland  co.,  Va.,  is  about  30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Rich- 
mond, and  I  of  a  mile  N.  of  the  James  River.  It  has  a 
church,  a  school,  and  a  hotel. 

Gooch's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cooper  co..  Mo.,  in 
Saline  township,  35  miles  N.W.  of  Jefferson  City. 

Good'ale's  Corner,  a  post-office  of  Penobscot  co..  Me. 

Good'all's,  a  post-office  of  Hanover  co.,  Va.,  22  milM 
N.  of  Richmond. 

Good'bars,  a  post-office  of  Lonoke  co.,  Ark. 


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Goodbars,  a  post-ofiBoe  of  Warren  co.,  Tenn. 

Good'by's,  a  township  of  Orangeburg  co.,  S.C.    P.  719. 

Good  Cor'ner,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Woodstock.     Pop.  120. 

GoodC)  a  post-office  of  Phillips  co.,  Kansas. 

Good'ell's,  a  post-village  of  bt.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Lake  Huron  Railroad,  14  miles  W.  of  Port  Huron. 
It  has  2  churches,  2  stores,  and  1  or  2  saw-mills. 

Goodcnow,  good'e-no,  a  post-hamlet  of  Will  co.,  Ill,, 
in  Crete  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Danville  &  Yinoennes 
Railroad,  42  miles  S.  of  Chicago. 

Goode's  Crossing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  co.,  Va., 
at  Goode's  Station  on  the  Virginia  <fc  Tennessee  Railroad. 
It  has  a  church. 

Good^farm',  a  township  of  Grundy  co.,  111.    Pop.  803. 

Good 'fie  Id,  a  post-ofBce  of  Meigs  co.,  Tenn. 

Good'giou's  Factory,  a  post-hamlet  of  Laurens  co., 
S.C,  9  miles  W.  of  Laurens  Court-House.  It  has  a  church, 
a  woollen-factory,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Good  Ground,  a  post-village  in  Southampton  town- 
ship, Suffolk  CO.,  N.Y.,  is  on  Shinnecock  Bay,  on  a  branch 
of  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  85  miles  from  Brooklyn,  about 
7  miles  S.E.  of  Riverhead,  and  2  miles  S.W.  of  Great 
Peconic  Bay.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a  job  printing- 
office,  &c.     It  is  a  favorite  resort  of  sportsmen.     Pop.  825. 

Good  Har'bor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Leelanaw  eo.,  Mich., 
on  Lake  Michigan,  28  miles  N.W.  of  Traverse  City.    It  has 

I  or  2  lumber-mills. 

Good  Hart,  a  post-office  and  Indian  village  of  Emmett 
CO.,  Mich.,  15  miles  N.N.W.  of  Petoskey.  It  has  a  church 
and  about  30  houses. 

Good  Hope,  a  post-office  of  Elmore  co.,  Ala. 

Good  Hope,  a  post-hamlet  of  Walton  co.,Ga.,  7  miles 
E.  of  Monroe.     It  has  2  stores.     Pop.  about  100. 

Good  Hope,  a  post-village  of  McDonough  co..  111., 
9  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Bushnell.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  600. 

Good  Hope,  a  post-hamlet  of  Leake  co.,  Miss.,  20 
miles  N.  of  Morton  Railroad  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Good  Hope,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  0.,  in 
Wayne  township,  about  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chillicothe. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  118. 

Good  Hope,  a  township  of  Ilocking  co.,  0.  Pop.  986. 
It  contains  Rockbridge. 

Good  Hope,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co..  Pa., 
in  Hampden  township,  about  8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Harris- 
burg.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  store. 

Good  Hope,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Milwaukee 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Milwaukee  River,  and  on  the  AVisconsin 
Central  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Milwaukee. 

Good  Hope,  Cape  of.     See  Cape  op  Good  Hope. 

Good'hue,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Minnesota,  has 
an  area  of  about  750  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.E.  by  the  Mississippi  River  and  Lake  Pepin  (an  expan- 
sion of  that  river),  which  is  3  or  4  miles  wide.  It  is  also 
drained  by  Cannon  and  Zumbro  Rivers.  The  surface  is 
undulating,  and  diversified  with  prairies  and  groves.  The 
soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  hay,  Indian  corn,  and 
cattle  are  the  staple  products.  Silurian  and  magnesian 
limestone  of  good  quality  underlies  part  of  the  soil.  On 
the  banks  of  Lake  Pepin  the  high  cliffs  and  escarpments  of 
this  rock  present  beautiful  and  picturesque  scenery.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad, 
the  Minneapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  and  the  Chicago  <fc 
Northwestern  Railroad.  Capital,  Red  Wing.  Pop.  in 
1870,  22,618;  in  1880,  29,651  ;  in  1890,  28,806. 

Goodhue,  a  township  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  998. 

Goodhue  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minn., 

II  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Red  Wing. 

Good'ing's  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVill  co.,  111., 
about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago.     It  has  2  churches. 

Good  InHent',  a  post-office  of  Atchison  co.,  Kansas,  6 
miles  N.AV.  of  Atchison. 

Good  Intent,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Pa., 
about  45  miles  S.W,  of  Pittsburg,  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  tannery, 

Good'ison,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oakland  co,,  Mich,,  35 
miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Detroit,     It  has  a  flouring-mill, 

Good'land,  a  post- village  of  Newton  co,,  Ind,,  49 
miles  by  rail  W,  of  Logansport,  and  about  28  miles  E,  of 
Watseka,  111.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop,  in  1890,  889, 

Goodland,  a  post-office  of  Choctaw  Nation,  Indian 
Territory,  25  miles  from  Paris,  Tex. 

Goodland,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Sherman  co., 
Kansas,  36  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Colby.  It  has  4  churches,  4 
banks,  a  graded  school,  and  4  newspaper  offices.    Pop.  1027. 


Goodland,  a  post-township  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.,  4 
miles  N.  of  Imlay  City.     Pop.  920. 

Goodland,  a  hamlet  of  Knox  co.,  Mo.,  56  miles 
W,N,W,  of  Hannibal. 

Goodland,  a  township  of  Orangeburg  co.,  S,C.     P.  955. 

Good'lettsville,  a  post-village  of  Davidson  co.,  Tenn., 
13  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Nashville.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
bank,  and  a  barrel-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  529. 

Goodloe,  good'lo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Floyd  co.,  Ky.,  8 
miles  AV.  of  Prestonburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Goodloe's,  a  post-office  of  Spottsylvania  co.,  Va. 

Good  liUck,  a  hamlet  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  i  mile  from 
Cedar  Creek  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Good'man,  a  post-village  of  Holmes  co.,  Miss.,  on  tho 
Mississippi  Central  Railroad,  51  miles  N.N,E,  of  Jackson. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  a  cotton-gin,  a  lumber- 
mill,  <fec,     A  large  quantity  of  cotton  is  shipped  here. 

Goodman's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Harris 
CO,,  Ga. 

Goodman's  Islands.  See  Fbad's  and  Goodman's 
Islands, 

Good'man's  Landing,  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  co..  Ill , 
on  the  Mississippi  River. 

Good  Night,  a  station  in  Pueblo  co..,  Col.,  on  the  rail- 
road from  Pueblo  to  Caiion  City,  4  miles  W.  of  Pueblo. 

Good'rich,  a  townsiiip  of  Crawford  co.,  Iowa.    P.  253 

Goodrich,  a  post-office  of  Linn  co.,  Kansas. 

Goodrich,  a  post-village  of  Genesee  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Atlas  township,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Flint.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  foundry,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  300. 

Goodrich,  a  post-villnge  of  Hickman  co.,  Tenn.,  7 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Centreville.  It  has  a  general  store  and 
iron-works.     Pop.  358. 

Goodrich,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  Tex.,  on  or  near 
the  N.  bank  of  Trinity  River,  8  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Living- 
ston.    It  has  a  general  store. 

Good  River,  or  Ninne  Scah,  of  Kansas,  rises  in 
the  S,  part  of  the  state,  runs  nearly  eastward  through 
Reno  CO,,  and  enters  the  Arkansas  River  on  the  E,  border 
of  Sumner  co.     It  is  about  150  miles  long. , 

Good  River,  a  post-office  of  Sedgwick  co,,  Kansas, 

Good'rum's,  a  station  in  Warren  co.,  Miss,,  on  the 
Mississippi  Valley  &  Ship  Island  Railroad,  10  miles  S,  of 
Vicksburg, 

Good's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Rockingham  co,,  Va. 

Good'son,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co,.  Mo, 

Good'speed's,  a  station  in  Haddam  township,  Middle- 
sex CO,,  Conn,,  on  the  Connecticut  Valley  Railroad,  and  on 
the  Connecticut  River,  opposite  Goodspeed's  Landing, 

Goodspeed's  Landing,  a  village  of  Middlesex  cov. 
Conn.,  in  East  Haddam  township,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the 
Connecticut  River,  and  opposite  Goodspeed's  Station  of  the 
Connecticut  Valley  Railroad,  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hartford. 
It  has  a  church,  a  national  bank,  and  manufactures  of  coffin- 
trimmings,  britannia-ware,  plated  forks  and  spoons,  cigars, 
and  drain-tiles.   The  name  of  its  post-office  is  East  Haddam. 

Good  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Surry  co.,  N.C.,  60 
miles  N.W.  of  Winston.     It  has  a  church. 

Good  Spring,  Pennsylvania.     See  Eckeut. 

Good  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Giles  co.,  Tenn.,  6 
.miles  S.W.  of  Pulaski.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  tannery. 

Good  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Limestone  co.,  Ala. 

Good  Success'  Ray,  Terra  del  Fuego,  Lo  Maire 
Strait,  is  in  lat.  54°  49'  S.,  Ion.  65°  13'  W. 

Good  Thun'der,  a  post-village  of  Blue  Earth  co., 
Minn.,  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  Minnesota,  14  miles  S. 
of  Mankato,     It  has  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  <fcc, 

Good'view',  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co.,  Va. 

Good'ville,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co,.  Pa,,  in 
East  Earl  township,  about  18  miles  S,  by  W.  of  Reading, 
and  1  mile  from  Cedar  Lane  Station,  It  has  2  churches,  a 
carriage-shop,  &o, 

GoodHva'ter,  a  post-village  of  Coosa  co,,  Ala,,  on  the 
Savannah  &  Memphis  Railroad.  60  miles  W.N,W.  of  Ope- 
lika.     It  has  5  churches,  a  furniture- t'actory,  Ac, 

Goodwater,  a  post-office  of  Iron  co..  Mo. 

Good  Will,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Ga. 

Good'win,  a  post-office  of  Pima  co.,  Arizona. 

Goodwin,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Francis  co.,  Ark.,  on 
the  Memphis  &  Little  Rock  Railroad,  59  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Memphis,  Tenn.     It  has  2  stores. 

Goodwin's,  a  station  in  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  San 
Francisco  <fc  North  Pacific  Railroad,  47  miles  N.  of  San 
Francisco. 

Good'win  Sands,  a  range  of  exceedingly  destructive 
shoals  in  the  Strait  of  Dover,  extending  off  the  S.E.  coast 
of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  about  7  miles  E.  of  Deal  and  tb« 


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Isl«  of  Tb»net,  the  roivdiiteiwl  termed  the  Downs  Ijing  be- 
tween them  »nd  tho  mainland.     Length,  about  10  mile*. 

iaOo4will*(i  Corner*  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  oo.,  Ind., 
IS  miles  S.  of  Hichinond.     It  has  a  church. 

<«ood\vin*8  Mills,  a  post-village  of  York  oo.,  Me.,  in 
Dayton  and  Lyman  townships,  8  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Bidde- 
ford.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Ciood'wood,  tho  fine  seat  of  the  Duke  of  Richmond, 
1b  England,  oo.  of  Sussex,  3  miles  N.N.E.  of  Chichester. 
The  Goodwood  rmoee  are  held  annually  in  the  park  during 
the  last  week  in  Jaly. 

Ciood'wood,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  oo.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Toronto  <t  Nipissing  Railroad,  35  miles  N.N.E.  of  To- 
ronto.    Pop.  100. 

Goodwood,  Middlesex  oo.,  Ontario.     See  Brtanstox. 

Goodwynsville,  good'winz-vll,  a  post-office  of  Din- 
widJie  CO.,  Va. 

Good'year^s,  a  poet-hamlct  of  Cayuga  oo.,  N.Y.,  in 
Qenoa  township,  about  22  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Auburn.  It 
has  a  church. 

Goodyear's  Bar,  a  post-village  of  Sierra  oo.,  Cal., 
about  46  miles  N.E.  of  Marysville.  It  has  a  gold-mine  and 
a  lumber-mill.     It  is  surrounded  by  mountains. 

Goojah,  goo'ji,  a  town  of  Sinde,  10  miles  W.  of  Tat- 
tah.  on  a  creek  of  the  Indian  Ocean. 

Goojerat,  a  town  and  province  of  India.    SccGuzerat. 

Gookeka,  a  lake  of  Asia.     See  GSKTSCHE-DeNOHis. 

Goolairee,  a  pass  of  India.     See  Gomul. 

Goolnne  (or  Gulane)  Ness,  goo'lan  nia,  a  headland 
of  Scotland,  co.  of  Haddington,  at  the  entrance  to  the  Firth 
of  Forth,  13  miles  W.S.W.  of  tiie  isle  of  May. 

Goold,  &n  island  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Australia,  in 
Rockingham  Bay.     Lat.  18°  9'  5-1"  S. ;  Ion.  146°  11'  30"  E. 

Gooltya,  Asiatic  Russia.     See  Kooloja. 

Goole,  gool,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West 
Riding,  on  the  Ouse,  at  the  influx  of  the  Don,  at  a  railway 
Junction,  3  miles  S.  of  Howden.  The  docks  of  Goole  form 
its  most  important  feature.  Its  port  is  accessible  to  large 
sea-going  ships,  and  its  trade  is  large.  The  town  owes  its 
rise  and  subsequent  importance  chiefly  to  the  opening  of 
the  Knottingley  &  Goole  Canal  by  the  Aire  &  Calder  Navi- 
gation Company,  by  which  a  direct  inland  navigation  has 
been  eff'ected  to  Leeds,  Manchester,  Liverpool,  Ac.     P.  7680. 

Goole,  a  post-oSice  of  Vernon  co.,  Wis. 

Goolesborongh,  goolz'b&r-riih,  a  post-office  of  Titus 
eo.,  Tex. 

GooUa,  Asiatic  Russia.    See  Kooldja. 

Goolkoo,  goorkoo',  a  mountain-range  of  Afghanistan, 
30  miles  S.W.  of  Ghuznee,  lat.  33°  22'  N.,  Ion.  67°  60'  E., 
13,000  feet  high,  and  covered  with  perpetual  snow. 

Gooma,  or  Gnma,  goo'm&,  a  walled  town  of  Chinese 
Toorkistan,  40  miles  N.W.  of  Khoten.     Pop.  30,000. 

Goomga'on,  a  town  of  India,  district  and  12  miles  S. 
of  Nagpoor.     Pop.  3300. 

Goomish-  (Goumish-,  or  Gumish-)  Khaneh, 
goom'ish-K^'n^h  ("place  of  silver;"  anc.  Dyloet),  a  town 
of  Asiatic  Turkey,  100  miles  W.N.W.  of  Erzroom.  It  is 
built  in  successive  terraces  up  the  sides  of  a  ravine,  and  is 
mostly  inhabited  by  Greeks  and  Turks.  Near  it  are  pro- 
ductive silver-,  lead-,  and  copper-mines,  the  ores  from  which 
are  reduced  at  Tokat.     Pop.  10,000. 

Gootnree,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Aleiasdropol. 

Goomsur,  or  Gumsnr,  goom'sur'  (Hindoo, (rAumxara, 
goom-s&'r&),  a  town  of  British  India,  presidency  of  Madras, 
73  miles  W.  of  Juggernaut. 

Goomtee,  or  Goomty,  goom'tee  (Hindoo,  Gomatt, 
go'mi-tee,  "  winding"),  a  river  of  British  India,  a  tributary 
of  the  Ganges,  which  it  joins  17  miles  N.E.  of  Benares. 
Its  chief  affluent  is  the  Sye.  The  cities  of  Lucknow,  Sul- 
tanpoor,  and  Jounpoor  are  on  its  banks.     Length,  480  miles. 

Goomtee,  or  Goomty,  a  river  of  Bengal,  rises  in 
Hill  Tiperah,  flows  through  Tiperah,  and  joins  the  Brahma- 
pootra 2U  miles  S.E.  of  Dacca.     Comilla  is  on  its  S.  bank. 

Goonabad,  Gonnabad,  or  Gunabad,  goo-ni-b4d', 
a  town  of  Persia,  in  Khorassan,  135  miles  W.S.W,  of  Meshed, 

Goonang-'Tella,  of  Celebes.     See  Goonoxg-Tella, 

Goon'da,  a  town  of  India,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Oude. 

Gooiidiam,  or  Goandiam,  goon-de-&m',  a  village 
of  West  Africa,  in  Upper  Galam,  on  the  Falem£.  Lat.  14° 
40'  N. ;  Ion.  12°  12'  W. 

Goonee,  goo'nee^  an  arm  of  the  Indus,  in  Sinde,  con- 
tinuous with  the  Fulailee  below  Hyderabad,  enters  the  In- 
dian Ocean  by  the  Koree  and  Sir  mouths  of  the  Indus  at 
its  delta.  Its  W.  branch  is  navigable  a  distance  of  50  miles. 
•  Gooniam  -  Amadoo,  or  Gooniam  "Amadou, 
goo-ne-im'-A-mi-doo',  a  village  of  West  Africa,  in  Bondoo, 
about  2i  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Gooniam-Sisse. 


Gooniam-  (or  Gonniam*)  8iB8e,goo'ne-lm'-8ee8'- 
sih,  a  village  of  West  Africa,  in  Bondoo.  Lat.  14°  60'  N.; 
Ion.  12°  24'  W. 

Goonieh,  Gonnieb,  or  Ganieh,  goo'nce'fh,  a 
walled  town  of  Asiatic  RuRsia,  on  the  £.  coast  of  the  Black 
Sea,  at  tho  mouth  of  the  Choruk. 

Goonong-Apee,  Gounong-Apl,  Gnnong- Api, 
Gocnong>Api,  goo'nong'-i'pco',  or  Gocnong-ApM, 
goo^nung'-&^pU',  an  island  of  the  Banda  group,  in  the  ^ialay 
Archipelago,  180  miles  S.  of  Booro.  Lat.  6°  35'  S. ;  Ion. 
126°  45'  E.  It  contains  a  roloanio  peak,  which  in  1820 
broke  out  in  a  fearful  eruption. 

Goonong-Apce,  Gounong-Api,  or  Gunong> 
Api,  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  in  tho  Flores 
Sea,  N.E.  of  Sumbawa.  Lat.  8°  15'  8.;  Ion.  119°  8'  E.  It 
has  a  volcano. 

Goonong-Tella,  Gocnong-Tella,  goo'nong'-tfil'- 
1&,  or  Gorontalo,  a  spacious  bay  on  the  E.  coast  of  the 
island  of  Celebes,  on  the  N.  side  of  which,  nnd  not  far  from 
its  entrance,  is  Gorontalo  River  and  village.  Lat.  0°  28' 
30"  N.;  Ion.  123°  15'  E. 

Goonong-Tella,  or  Goenong-Tella,  a  maritime 
town  of  Celebes,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Goonong-Tella  Bay, 
between  the  N.  and  E.  limbs  of  the  island.  Lat.  0°  30'  N. ; 
Ion.  123°  E. 

Goononr,  goo'nSwr,  a  town  of  India,  district  and  44 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Budaon.     Pop.  5298. 

Goontoor,  a  volcano  of  Java.     Seo  Qoextoeb. 

Goor,  gSR,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  province  of  Over- 
yssel,  28  miles  S.E.  of  Zwolle.     Pop.  2236. 

Goorban,  goor'bdn',  a  river  of  Sinde,  rising  between 
Kurrachee  and  Sehwan,  about  lat.  25°  20'  N.,  Ion.  67°  38' 
E.,  and,  after  a  S.W.  course  of  about  60  miles,  falls  into  the 
Bay  of  Kurrachee  in  lat.  24°  48'  N.,  Ion.  67°  6'  E. 

Goordaspoor,  or  Gnrdaspnr,  goor'das-poor*,  a  dis- 
trict of  the  Araritsir  division,  Punjab.  Area,  1821  square 
miles.  Capital,  Goordaspoor,  a  town  about  45  miles  N.E. 
of  Amritsir.     Pop.  906,126. 

Goorga'on,  a  district  of  the  North-West  Provinces, 
India.  Lat.  27°  40-28°  30'  N.;  Ion.  76°  2r-77°  35'  E. 
Area,  1980  square  miles.    Capital,  Goorgaon.    Pop.  690,295. 

Goorgaon,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  Goorgaon  dis- 
trict, 18  miles  S.W.  of  Delhi.     Pop.  7096. 

Goorgaun,  Gourgan,  or  Gorgan,  goor^g&n'  or 
goor^gawn',  a  town  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Persia,  on  a  small 
stream  of  its  own  name,  which  flows  into  the  Caspian  Sea. 
Lat.  37°  10'  N.;  Ion.  55°  30'  E. 

Goorgistan,  or  Gourgistan.    See  Georgia. 

Gooriel,  Gonriel,  Guriel,  goo-re-£l',  or  Guria,  a 
former  province  of  Asia,  now  in  the  Russian  dominions,  at 
the  E.  extremity  of  the  Black  Sea.  It  formed  a  part  of  the 
ancient  ColchU.     The  principal  towns  are  Batoom  and  Poti. 

Gooriev,  Gouriev,  Guriev,  or  Gurjew,  goo-re- 
fiv',  a  town  and  fortress  of  Russia,  government  of  Ural,  on 
the  Ural,  at  its  mouth  in  the  Caspian  Sea.  Lat.  47°  10'  N.; 
Ion.  52°  E.     Pop.  2838. 

Goorkha,  goor'ki,  a  city  of  Nepaul,  58  miles  W.  of 
Khatmandoo,  in  lat.  27°  52'  N.,  Ion.  84°  22'  E.,  formerly 
the  capital  of  the  Goorkhas. 

Goorserai,  goor-se-ri',  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Jhan- 
see  division,  45  miles  E.  of  Jhansee.     Pop.  7559. 

Goorsoof,  Gonrsouf,  or  Gursuf,  gooR-soof,  a 
maritime  village  of  Russia,  in  the  Crimea,  on  its  W.  coast. 

Gooramconda,  Garramconda,  or  Gurrum- 
conda,  goor-rfim-kon'da,  a  strong  hill-fort  of  British 
India,  presidency  of  Madras,  52  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cuddapah. 

Goos,  Gous,  or  Gas,  goos,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in 
the  government  of  Vladimeer,  and,  flowing  S.,  empties  itself 
into  a  lake,  after  a  course  of  60  miles. 

Goose'berry  Islands,  a  group  of  islands  on  the  E. 
coast  of  Bonavista  Bay,  Newfoundland,  12  miles  from 
Green's  Pond.     Pop.  316. 

Goose  Creek,  an  affluent  of  Snake  River,  is  formed 
by  two  branches,  which  rise  in  Nevada  and  Utah  and  unite 
near  the  S.  boundary  of  Idaho.  It  runs  northward  in  Al- 
turas  CO.,  Idaho,  and  enters  the  Snake  River  about  10  miles 
below  the  Shoshone  Falls. 

Goose  Creek,  Virginia,  drains  the  N.  part  of  Fau- 
quier CO.,  runs  eastward  through  Loudoun  co.,  and  enters 
the  Potomac  River  4  miles  E.  of  Leesburg.  It  is  nearly  50 
miles  long. 

Goose  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Owyhee  co.,  Idaho. 

Goose  Creek,  a  township  of  Piatt  co..  III.  Pop.  1120. 
It  contains  Deland. 

Goose  Creek,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  N.C.  P.  2207. 

Goose  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Ritchie  co.,  W.  Va. 

Goose  Creek  Island,  a  post-offioe  of  Pamlico  co.,  N.C. 


GOO 


1287 


GOR 


Goose  Harbor,  Novti  Sootia.    See  Otstkb  Poiros. 

Goose  Island,  an  island  in  the  Ottawa  River,  Canada, 
'ii  miles  belo^r  the  mouth  of  the  Rideau. 

(•oose  Island,  an  island  in  the  St.  Lawrence  River, 
Quebec,  13  miles  N.E.  of  the  island  of  Orleans. 

Goose  Island,  one  of  the  Fumeaux  Islands,  in  lat. 
4U°  19'  N.,  Ion.  147°  47'  E. 

(ioose  Island,  in  Christmas  Soond,  off  the  S.  coast  of 
Term  del  Fuego ;  so  named  by  Captain  Cook. 

Goose  Island,  a  rocky  islet  in  Bass's  Strsit,  ob  which 
a  liirht-house  was  erected  in  1846. 

C'oose  Island,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alexander  co..  111., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  16  miles  above  Cairo.  It 
ba.?  a  church. 

Goose  Lake,  Asiatic  Russia.   See  Go^sivskoie-Ozebo. 

Goose  Lake  is  partly  in  Modoc  co.,  Cal.,  and  is  in- 
tersected by  the  S.  boundary  of  Oregon.  It  is  nearly  30 
miles  long  and  10  miles  wide.  Its  outlet,  called  Pitt  River, 
issues  from  the  S.  end  of  the  lake. 

Goose  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Iowa  Midland  Railroad,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Lyons. 

<'OOse  Lake,  a  station  in  Marquette  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Ne- 
g'.iunee. 

Goose  Neck,  a  post-office  of  Hickory  co.,  Mo. 

Gooserai,  a  town  of  India.     See  (jOORSErai. 

Goose  River,  Dakota,  rises  in  the  N.E.  part  of  the 
territory,  runs  southeastward,  and  enters  the  Red  River  of 
the  North  about  lat.  47"  30'  N.     It  is  about  100  miles  long. 

Goose  River,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  40  miles  from  Charlottetown.  It  has  2  cloth- 
factories  and  2  grist-mills.     Pop.  200. 

Goota,  or  Guuta,  goo'ti,  a  village  of  West  Africa,  in 
Bondoo,  on  the  Falemg,  in  lat.  14°  24'  N.,  Ion.  12°  18'  W. 

Goothnce,  or  Gnthni,  gooth'nee,  a  town  of  the  Sarun 
district,  Bengal,  54  miles  N.W,  of  Chuprah.  Here  are  4 
Bug-.ir-refineries.     Pop.  4379. 

Gooty,  Gootee,  or  Gntti,  goot'tee,  a  fortified  town 
of  India,  district  and  50  miles  E.  of  Bellary.     Pop.  6033. 

Go'pher,  a  station  in  Appling  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Macon 
t,  Brunswick  Railroad.  4  miles  S.E.  of  Baxley. 

Gopher,  a  post-office  of  Osceola  co.,  Iowa. 

Gopher,  a  station  in  Wallace  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Kan- 
sas Pacific  Railroad,  23  miles  E.N.E.  of  Fort  Wallace. 

Go'pher  Creek,  of  Iowa,  flows  into  the  Missouri  a 
little  below  the  mouth  of  Boyer  River. 

Gopio,  gop'lo,  or  Gapio,  g&p'lo,  a  long  and  narrow 
lake  of  Prussia,  about  30  miles  S.E.  of  Bromberg.  Its  S. 
]>art  is  in  Russian  Poland. 

Goppingen,  gop'ping-?n.  a  town  of  WUrtemberg,  on 
the  Fils,  27  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Ulm.  It  is  well  built, 
and  has  a  royal  residence,  a  remarkable  town  hall,  mineral 
baths,  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth  and  earthenwares, 
bleaching- works,  and  an  active  trade  in  wool.  Near  it  are 
the  baths  of  Boll,  and  the  ruined  castle  of  Hohcnstaufen. 
Pop.  9532. 

Gora,  go'r&,  a  town  of  Poland,  19  miles  S.S.E.  i^  War- 
saw.    Pop.  2742. 

(<ora,  a  village  of  Pmsaia,  province  of  Posen,  22  miles 
8.S.W.  of  Bromberg. 

<>ora,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia.    See  GcHRAtr. 

Gora,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Aroo. 

(io^ra-Bazar',  a  southern  suburb  of  Berhampoor,  in 
India,  chiefly  inhabited  by  Mohammedans.     Pop.  4903. 

Gorabunder,  goVa-biin'der,  a  village  and  fort  of 
British  India,  20  miles  N.  of  Bombay,  at  the  N.  extremity 
of  the  island  of  Salsette. 

Goraghat,  or  Goraghant,  go-ri-gawt',  written  also 
Goragot  and  Ghoraghat,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  the 
Dinagepoor  district.  Lat.  25°  12'  N. ;  Ion.  89°  17'  E.  It 
was  once  the  capital  of  the  Eastern  Mogul  Empire,  but  is 
now  mostly  an  enormous  mass  of  ruins,  covered  by  a  dense 
jungle.  The  present  town,  a  mere  village,  has  a  large  trade 
by  the  Karatoya  River,  upon  which  it  stands. 

Gorakhpar,  India.    See  Gorcckpoor. 

Goram,  go'rim',  nn  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
20  miles  in  circuit.     Lat.  4°  3'  S. ;  Ion.  131°  50'  E. 

Gor'bals,  a  suburb  now  forming  part  of  the  city  of 
Glasgow,  in  Scotland,  cos.  of  Lanark  and  Renfrew,  on  the 
S.  bank  of  the  Clyde.     Pop,  10,162. 

Gorbatov,  or  Gorbatow,  goR-bi-tov',  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  36  miles  W.S.W.  of  Nirhnee- 
Novgorod,  on  the  Oka.     Pop.  2683. 

Gorchen,  goR'K?n,  or  Mietska  Gorka,  meets'ki 
goR'k&,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  and  52  miles  S.  of 
Posen.     Pop.  1759. 

Gorconif  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.    See  GoREtrx. 


Gordes,  goRd,  a  town  of  France,  in  Tancluse,  10  mile* 
W.N.W.  of  Apt.     Pop.  910. 

Gor'do,  a  post-village  of  Pickens  co.,  Ala.,  23  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Tuscaloosa.     It  has  2  churches. 

Gor'don,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Georgia,  haa 
an  area  of  about  420  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Oostenaula  River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  mostly  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile,  Indian  com,  wheat,  grass, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  abun- 
dance of  limestone.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Western  A 
Atlantic  Railroad  and  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  A 
Georgia  Railroad.  CapiUl,  Calhoun.  Pop.  in  1870,  9268  ; 
in  1880.  11,171 ;  in  1890,  12,758. 

Gordon,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co..  Ala,,  on  the  Chat- 
tahoochee River,  about  56  miles  S.  of  Eufaula. 

Gordon,  a  post-village  of  Wilkinson  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Central  Railroad  of  Georgia,  at  the  S.  terminus  of  the 
Milledgeville  Branch,  22  miles  E.  of  Macon.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  wagon- 
factory.     Pop.  about  400. 

Gordon,  a  station  in  Muhlenbnrg  eo.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville,  Paducah  A  Southwestern  Railroad,  4  miles  S.W. 
of  Greenville. 

Gordon,  a  post-office  of  Claiborne  parish.  La. 

Gordon,  a  station  of  Ouachita  parish,  La.,  on  the 
North  Louisiana  &  Texas  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Monroe. 

Gordon,  a  township  of  Todd  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  385. 

Gordon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Darke  co.,  0.,  21  miles  hj 
rail  N.W.  of  Dayton.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  87. 

Gordon,  a  post-village  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Philadelphia  A  Reading  Railroad,  2  or  .^ 
miles  S.  of  Ashland.  It  contains  a  church,  and  repair  shops 
of  the  railroad  company.  Here  are  2  steep  inclined  planes, 
by  means  of  which  cars  loaded  with  coal  are  hoisted  up  ot 
drawn  over  Broad  Mountain.     Pop.  in  1890,  1194. 

Gordon,  a  post-village  of  Palo  Pinto  oo.,  Tex.,  42  miles 
by  rail  S.W,  of  Weatherford.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  378. 

Gordona,  goR-do'n&,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Milan,  on  the  Mera,  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chiavenna. 

Gordoncillo,  goR-don-theel'yo,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  about  22  miles  from  Leon.     Pop.  1017. 

Gor'don's  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  oo.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Clinton  <t  Du- 
buque Railroad,  14  miles  S,  of  Dubuque. 

Gor'donsville,  a  post-office  of  Lowndes  co..  Ala. 

Gordonsvilie,  a  post-village  of  Logan  co.,  Ky.,  about 
40  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bowling  Green.  It  has  a  church,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Gordonsvilie,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Freeborn  co., 
Minn.,  on  Shell  Rock  River,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Austin. 

Gordonsvilie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smith  oo.,  Tenn.,  21 
miles  E,  of  Lebanon.     It  has  a  church. 

Gordonsvilie,  a  post-village  of  Orange  oo.,  Va.,  on 
the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  at  ita  junction  with  th< 
Virginia  Midland  A  Great  Southern  Railroad,  95  miles  S.W. 
of  Washington.  21  miles  N.E,  of  Charlottesville,  and  79 
miles  N.W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  2  academies,  8  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  cotton-mill,  a  planiug-mill,  and  a 
chair-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  962. 

Gor'donville,  a  post-office  of  Livingston  co..  Mo. 

Gordonville,  a  ftost-village  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa,,  ia 
Leacock  township,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  54  miles 
W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a  church  and  a  cigar-factory. 
Pop.  about  250. 

Gordonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grayson  co., Tex.,  18 
miles  W.  of  Denison.     It  has  a  church  and  2  steam  mills. 

Gore,  a  township  of  Sumner  co..  Kansas,  oc  the  Arkan- 
sas River.     Pop.  301.     It  contains  Littleton. 

Gore,  a  township  of  Huron  co.,  Mich.,  bordering  oa 
Lake  Huron.     Pop.  258. 

Gore,  a  post-village  of  Hocking  co.,  0.,  in  Falls  town- 
ship, on  the  Straitsville  Branch  of  the  Columbus  &  Hocking 
Valley  Railroad,  58  miles  S.E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  3 
churches,  and  the  Thomas  Iron-Works.  Pop.  about  500, 
Here  are  rich  mines  of  coal  and  iron  ore. 

Gore,  a  post-village  in  Hants  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  22 
miles  from  Shubenacadie.  It  has  quarries  of  granite  and 
slate.     Gold  has  been  found  here.     Pop.  200. 

Gor^e,  go'ri',  a  French  coloni.al  town  of  Africa,  1  mile 
S.E.  of  Dakar  and  of  the  point  of  Cape  Verd.  It  covers 
two-thirds  of  the  dry  and  rocky  island  of  Gorf  e.  It  has  (in 
common  with  Dakar)  a  good  harbor,  and  is  called  the 
healthiest  place  in  West  Africa,  but  the  water-supply  is  de- 
ficient. The  native  quarter  is  composed  of  grass  huts,  but 
as  a  whole  the  town  is  pleasant,  being  deoorated  with  fine 
flowering  trees  and  shruW     Pop.  2452. 


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(^nrokhnr.  a  villaT^  of  RvSBb,  !■  Tolhyid^  9t  MlIcB 

^  193t. 

Oltbw.    8m  Goosmm-TnxA. 
Ito:  '>nd,  aatlMS.««at«f  Oon- 

(^o:  k.  goK'K9-4ik%  a  town  «f 

yr.e»;Aa>i,  IS  mites  S.B.of  LeeawwrdcB. 

.  T«d%  a  rillago  of  Fraaea^  ia  Aia,  IS 

T»-— ..  SS4. 

1 1  ck  (abo  caBed  I.cecli'Tille),  a 

^>DtBTm,  «■  th*  Toronto,  Gnjr  Jk 

Bruce  iUilwA  ^  ^  SiT«r,  Z3  milos  WJSlW. 

of  Mount  For;  mill,  a  flonr-flull,  a  dui^ie- 

■iU,  3  tanner. „,  __  ..._ -itj,  earriago-  mad  cheew- 

&etorieB,  3  dwrabes,  and  sevnal  stores.    Popw  4M. 

GoiTOB,  goK^nAs^,  a  Tillage  of  FraBoe^dnnartaMsit  and 
11  Biloa  N.W.  of  Majpeue.    Vvp.  Slf  1. 

Gdrsbach,  cSasibAK,  a  Tillage  of  Praarian  Saxony,  S5 
■lies  BJT^  of  Mtutdbw^  with  a  dinrdu    Pap.  1593. 

Ciorsel,  {on'a^a  TiOago  oftiio  NodMriands,  iaGdder- 
laii<i.  5  milea  H.  ^  Zatpben.    Fop.  6X9. 

Gor'sack,  a  station  on  the  Bidtimoro  4  Ohio  Raihoad, 
23  nuloi  W.  of  Baltiaare,  Md. 

Gonvch's  Mills,  a  poet-TiUage  of  Baltiaaoro  eo., 
Md,  aboat  3t  nilea  N.  of  Baltuaoro. 

CrOit«  a  town  of  Irdaad,  eo.  of  Galway,  18  miles  hj  tail 
N  JT.&  of  Eaus.  It  has  harraeka^  irorthaaae,  and  largo 
market.     Pop.  1T73. 

Gor'toa,  a  town  of  England,  od.  of  Laaeasler,  3}  miles 
hy  rail  R.S.K.  of  Maadmtor,  of  ahldi  it  ftafma  a  aabaih. 
Poo.  3I.616. 

G«T^OB,  a  atatioa  ia  Grant  eo.,  Miaa.,  oa  the  SLP&al 
4  Atdfie  Railroad,  33  miles  S.E.  of  Bre^enridge,  oa  a  Tocy 
lorel  prairie.    Bteratioa,  1013  feet. 

Gortope*  a  rilli^  of  Thibet.    8oe  OAaoow 

Gortpoo,  one  of  Oo  Koorfl  Islaads.    See  Iroonoor. 

Gortrnia*  aappoBod  aadeat  aamo  of  Mmorou. 

Gorackpoer,  or  Gonikhpar,  go^rttk-poor',  a  dis- 
trict of  the  North-Wwt  Proriaees,  ladia,  hariag  Xepaal  on 
the  N.,  Bengal  oa  the  R,  and  the  rirer  Qi^gra  on  the  S. 
Area,  45S4  sqaare  aailos.  Except  at  the  foot  of  the  Hima- 
laya, which  ia  boidwed  by  a  term,  or  aaardiy  traet  of  an  • 
healthy  jangle^  moat  of  the  district  ia  reiy  ftrtilo  and  well 
eoltirated.    Coital,  Gorm^poor.    Fop.  ^•19,3$t. 

Gorackyoor,  or  Goimupar,  a  towa  of  ladia,  cap- 
ital of  the  district  of  Qoraekpoor,  oa  tiio  aaTigaUo  rirer 
BaptM.  80  aiilea  &  of  Fynbad.  It  kaa  awoae  celebrated 
bat  iU-k«pt  temples,  aad  the  Inmmbarra,  aa  old  palaet*. 
The  towa  is  flthy  ai^  aeglected,  aad  is  orerraa  with  troops 
of  monkeys,  here  olgeets  of  pmralar  reaaeratiui.   P.  53,333. 

Gory,  a  towa  of  Basaa.    See  Goai. 

Gorz,  a  cilhr  of  Anstiia.    See  GSairx. 

Gone,  goRz,  a  towa  ni  Lwraiae^  9  mileB  IT.S.W.  of 
Metx.     fop.  1531. 

G«nke,  gSats^^  a  towa  of  Prasria,  proriaee  of 
Saxonr.  27  miles  B.  of  Magdebarg.    Fop.  14T5. 

Go$ar'l  y,  a  towa  of  ladia,  60  miles  W.X.W.  of  Agra. 

Go'skea,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washiagtoa  co.,  Ark.,  S3 
milea  from  Pierce  CStj,  Mo.  It  has  a  chareh  aad  a  ploagh- 
£Mtory. 

CvOsheB,  a  atatioa  ia  Talare  eo.,  Cal.,  on  the  Central 
l^dfc  Railroad,  aad  a  teraaiaaa  of  the  Yi«alla  dirision,  19 
miles  9.  by  W.  ttt  Talare. 

€k»skeii,  a  poat-Tillage  of  Litchfield  eo.,  Ooaa.,  ia 
Goshea  towaship,  aboat  33  miles  W.N.\r.  of  Hartford.  It 
has  aa  aeadeasy.  It  ia  aarronaded  by  good  dairy-fioms. 
The  towaship  has  3  diarches,  aad  Baaaa&ctarea  of  eottoa 
yara,  batter,  aad  eheeae.    Pop.  of  tho  towaslu^  1333. 

Goshea,  a  parish  in  Lebanon  towaship^  Mow  Lmidoa 
eoL,  Oonn.,  has  a  dinrdt  aad  india-rabber  worics,  aad  is  5 
miles  N.W.  of  Yaatie  Station. 

Goshea,  Wiadham  eo.,  Oonn.    See  CuaK*s  Ooasxa. 

Goshea,  a  paet-hamlot  of  Liaoola  co.,  Ga.,  59  miles 
S.W.  of  Angnata.    It  has  3  chardies  and  a  high  adbooL 

Goshea,  a  towaship  ot  Stark  eo.,  lU.  Pop.  1379.  It 
•oatains  la&yette. 

Goshea,  a  dty,  the  capital  of  BOdmrt  eo.,  lad.,  on  the 
BIkhait  Hirer,  aad  on  tho  Cindnnati.  Wabash  4  Michigan 
Rulroad  aad  the  Lake  Shore  4  Michigan  Soothem  Rail- 
road ( Air-Une diririon),  10  milea S.E. of  Elklwrt,  111  miles 
E.  by  S.  of  Chicago,  and  35  miles  N.  of  Warsaw.  It  has  a 
eimrt-boase,  13  charehes,  a  national  bank,  3  private  banks, 
aad  a  high  aehod.  Two  daily  and  4  weekly  ncwvpapen 
are  pablidieJ  here.  Ooehen  has  3  flonring-milla,  3  iron- 
laaadiiei^  a  woollea-mill,  19  faraitaT«-&ctories,  aad  maao- 
fiwtarea  of  pamps,  aehool-famitare,  bliads,  aad  Cumiag- 

' mts.    P(^  ia  1899,  6033. 

82 


Goshea,  a  towadup  of  Maseatiae  eo.,  Iowa.  Pop.  133b 
It  oentaiws  AtaUssa. 

Goshea,  a  post  o>ee  ti  BinggoM  eo..  Iowa. 

Goshea,  a  township  of  Clay  eo..  EaiH>as.    P«p.  60S. 

Goshea,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oldham  co.,  Ky.,  8  milet 
S.W.  of  La  Grange.    It  has  a  eharefa  aad  aa  academy. 

Goshea,  a  ^ost-hamlet  of  Moatgemory  co.,  Md.,  Sb 
miles  W.  of  Baltimore.    It  has  a  ehanh  aad  a  ionr-miD. 

Goshea,  a  nost-towaddp  of  Hampdiiro  eo.,  Mass.,  14 
miles  N.W.  of  ^orthamptoB.    R  haa  a  diardi.    IVp.  349. 

Goshea,  a  post-Tillage  ni  Harrison  township,  Mereer 
00.,  Mo.,  5  adles  W.  of  Priaeeten,  and  ahoat  45  miles  X.  o^ 
Cbillieothe.    It  has  3  ehardics. 

Goshea,  a  post-towaship  aad  hamlet  of  SuUiraa  eo., 
N.H.,  aboat  S3  miles  W.  of  Ooneord.  The  towaship  has 
3  chardtes.    Pop.  597. 

Goshea,  a  post-TlUago  of  Capo  May  eo.,  N.J.,  33  milea 
SJ5.E.  of  MiBTide,  aad  3  milea  E.  of  Ddawaia  Bay.  It 
has4obar^««.    Maay  oysters  aad  erabs  are  proearad  hero. 

Goshea,  a  poet-TiIli^ce,  (me  of  the  capitals  ni  Oraag* 
CO..  N.Y..  in  Godien  township,  aad  oa  tho  Erie  Railroad,  69 
mike  N.X.W.  of  New  York,  and  IS  miles  S.W.  of  KewbaiK. 
The  Wallkill  Valley  RailroMl  aad  Pine  Island  Braaeh  oT 
the  Krie  Railroad  connect  here  with  the  atain  line.  Gosh^ 
oontaias  a  eoait-hoase,  4  chardMS,  3  aational  banks,  sereral 
dassical  spools,  aad  priatiag-oSees  which  i<sae  4  aews- 

?»pers.  It  has  amaafiMtares  of  bricks,  cheese,  tiles,  4c. 
op.  3907.  Largo  ^aaatitiee  of  batter  and  milk  are  ex- 
ported from  this  place.  Goshea  township,  which  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  tho  Wallkill  Rirer,  is  noted  for  the  superior 
qaality  of  ito  batter.  The  aarfitee  is  dKreraified  with  hilb 
M  gnidnal  slope  whidi  are  arable  to  tho  sammits.  Total 
pop.ia  1  $90,  5031. 

Goshea,  a  post.ofliee  of  Wilkes  eo.,  N.C 

Goshea,  a  towaship  of  Anglaiae  eo.,  0.    Pop.  534. 

Goshea,  a  towaahia  of  Belmoat  oo.,  O.  Fi^  3163.  It 
eoataias  B^aoat  aad  Faiimoaat. 

Goshea,  a  towaship  of  Chawpaiga  eo.,  0.  Pop.  1965. 
It  contaias  Medmnicsborg. 

CSoshea,  a  post-Tillage  of  Ctanaoat  eo.,  0.,  ia  Goshea 
township,  2  miles  from  Hill's  Station,  aad  aboat  34  miles 
X.E.  of  Cincinnati.  Here  are  the  Goshen  Seminary  and  4 
diardNS.     Pop.  274,:  of  the  township,  1S76. 

Goshea,  a  towaship  of  Hardin  co.,  0.     Pt^  938. 

Goshea,  a  township  of  Mahoning  co.,  0.  Fop.  1475. 
It  contains  Uie  Tillage  of  Garfidd. 

Goshea,  a  towndiip  of  Tasearawas  eo.,  O.  Fofp.  4650. 
It  eoataias  Xew  Philadelplua  and  Loekport^  Goshea  Sta- 
tioB  vt  the  Tasearawas  Valley  Railroad  is  3  aiiles  S.E.  of 
Xew  Philaddphia. 

Goshea,  a  poet-hamlet  of  Laae  eo,,  Oregoa,  on  tho 
Or^«i  4  CUifomia  Railroad,  7  sules  S.  dT  Eaguae  Ci^. 

Goshea,  a  towadiip  of  Clearf  dd  eo..  Pa.,  boanded  S. 
bj  the  West  Bianch  of  tho  Snaqaehaaaak    Fop.  468. 
*  Goshea,  apost-oBoe of  Laanaster  oo.,  Pla.,  aada  statkm 
oa  the  Peach  Bottom  Baihoad. 

Goshea,  a  post-offiee  of  Liaeda  oo.,  Toan. 

Croshea,  a  poet-hamlet  of  Hendotaon  eo.,  Tex.,  abont 
45  miles  KJT.W.  of  Palestiae.    It  has  a  diareh. 

Goshea,  a  post-riUage  of  Utah  eo.,  Utah,  5  miles  S.W. 
of  Santaqaia  Statioo.    It  has  a  diardi  aad  a  flonr-milL 

Goshea,  a  towaship  of  Addiaoa  eo.,  Vt.  Its  centra  ia 
6  miles  N.E.  of  Brandon.    P«^  330. 

Goshea,  or  Goshea  Bn4^,  a  poet-Tillage  of  Rock- 
bridge CO.,  Va-,  on  Calf  Pastnro  !UTer,  and  on  the  Chesa- 
peake 4  Ohio  Railroad,  33  miles  S. W.  of  Stannton.  It  haa 
3  dinrdies.  The  aamo  of  its  post-<rfSee  is  Goshen  Bridge^ 
and  its  station  is  Goshen. 

Goshen  and  Wilmingtoa  Pike,  the  station  name 
of  Pleasant  Plait,  Ohio. 

€k>shea  Creek,  Duplin  eo.,  N.C.,  nms  aontheastward, 
aad  eatnts  the  North  Branch  of  the  Cape  Fear  Rirer. 

Goshea  Cmi,  a  post-office  of  Kke  eo.,  Ala. 

Goshen  HilNpoet-towaalup,  Union  co..  S.C.    P.  1431. 

Goshen  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rankin  eo..  Miss., 
14^  miles  S.E.  of  CuitoB  Statioa.    It  has  2  chnrcbcs. 

Go'sheaTilie,  a  poet-hamlet  of  Chester  oo..  Pa.,  S3 
miles  W.  of  Philadelphia. 

€rOshop,  a  rirer  of  Africa.    See  Gona. 

Goslar,  gos'Iar,  a  town  of  Prassia,  in  HanoTer,  3T 
miles  S.E.  of  Hildesheim,  oa  aa  afflneat  of  tho  Ocker,  at 
the  N.E.  foot  of  Uie  Uarc.  Pop.  9833,  mostly  employed 
ia  the  adjacent  mines  of  the  Rammelaberfc  bat  partly  ia 
mannfiKtores  of  ritriol,  shot,  hardwares,  carpets,  leather, 
4e.  It  is  enclosed  by  waDs,  with  houses  in  an  aatiqae 
style,  it  beiag  one  of  the  oldert  towas  ia  Germaay.  !»• 
priacipal  bniMiags  and  aatiqaities  are  p<»tioBS  <^  ths 


eos 


1290 


GOT 


qMIiocUaI  and  of  an  imperial  palace,  now  a  oorn-magozioe, 
with  some  cburohea  and  conviMitual  edifices,  a  liospital,  a 
mllege,  and  the  Zwingcr,  un  old  tuwer,  now  u«ed  for  a  place 
of  entortuinuieut.  Go«Iar  is  the  coat  of  tlio  mining  council 
of  the  Ilors. 

Gos'aold.  a  township  of  Dulces  oo..  Mass.  Pop.  115. 
It  comprises  the  Elixabetn  Islands. 

Gos'per)  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Nebraska,  has  an 
area  of  46S  square  miles.  The  Platte  River  touches  its 
N.E.  corner.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level. 
Capital,  Milton.     Pup.  in  188U,  1673;  in  t8U0,  iiil6. 

Gottpich,  gos'iiiK,  a  town  of  Austria- Hungary,  in  Cro- 
atia, 14  miles  £.  or  Carlopago.     Pop.  1500. 

Gos'portt  a  fortified  seaport  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Ilants,  separated  from  Portsmouth  by  the  mouth  of  Ports- 
mouth harbor.  It  is  at  the  termination  of  a  branch  of  the 
Southwestern  llailway,  66  miles  S.W.  of  London.  Pop. 
7306,  mostly  engaged  in  government  navy  works,  or  in 
retail  trade  and  the  supply  of  shipping.  Gosport  has  ex- 
tensive barracks,  the  Royal  Clarence  victualling-yard,  a 
powder-magazine,  iron-foundries,  and  a  county  house  of 
correction.  Outside  of  the  town,  on  the  S.,  is  Uaslar  Hos- 
pital, a  naval  infirmary. 

Gos'port^  a  post-village  of  Clarke  co.,  Ala.,  20  miles 
E.  of  Jackson,  and  2  miles  from  the  Alabama  River.  It 
has  3  churches  and  a  high  school. 

Gosport,  a  post-village  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  West 
Fork  of  White  River,  and  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany 
A  Chicago  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Indianapolis  & 
Vinocnnes  Railroad,  44  miles  S.W.  of  Indianapolis,  and  9 
uiloe  N.E.  of  Spencer.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded 
school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  720. 

Gosport,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Iowa,  about  40 
miles  S.E.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  2  churches.  Coal  is 
mined  here.     Pop.  108. 

Gosport,  a  township  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.H.  It 
comprises  White,  Star,  and  Londoner's  Islands,  which  are 
those  of  the  Isles  of  Shoals  that  are  under  New  Hamp- 
shire jurisdiction,  the  others  being  in  York  co.,  Me.  The 
former  fishing  village  of  Gosport  was  on  Star  Island,  9  miles 
S.E.  of  Portsmouth.     Pop.  of  township,  94. 

Gosport,  Norfolk  co.,  Va.,  is  a  part  of  the  city  of 
Portsmouth,  and  is  adjacent  to  the  United  States  navy 
yard.  It  is  iwunded  on  the  E.  by  the  Southern  Branch  of 
the  Elizabeth  River,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  wall  of  the  navy 
yard.     It  has  a  church. 

Gossan,  gos'sSw,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
6  miles  AV.S.W.  of  St.  Gall.     Pop.  of  commune,  3485. 

Gosselies,  gos^s§h-lee',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut, 
4  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Charleroi.  It  has  manufactures  of 
hats,  cloth,  nails,  and  edge-tools.     Pop.  6511. 

Gos'sett,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVhite  co.,  III.,  on  the  Cairo 
&  Vinccnncs  Railroad,  84  miles  N.E.  of  Cairo.  It  has  a 
grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  <Lc. 

Gossnitz,  goss'nits,  a  village  of  Germany,  duchy  of 
Saxe-Altenburg,  on  the  Pleisse,  31  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Loip- 
sic.     Pop.  3647. 

Goss  Run  Junction,  a  station  on  the  Tyrone  &  Clear- 
field Railroad,  1  mile  from  Moshannon,  Pa.,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  a  branch  road. 

Gostenhof,  gos't^n-hof  \  a  town  of  Bavaria,  1  mile 
S.W.  of  Nuremberg,  of  which  it  is  now  a  part,  on  the  Lud- 
wig  Canal  and  the  Furth  Railway. 

Gostin,  or  Gostyn,  gos'tin,  a  town  of  Prussia,  prov- 
ince and  38  miles  S.E.  of  Posen.     Pop.  3077. 

Gostynin,  gos-te-ncen',  a  town  of  Russian  Poland, 
government  and  65  miles  W.N.W.  of  Warsaw.     Pop.  5907. 

Gota,  go't&,  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Sattarah  domin- 
ions, 23  miles  S.W.  of  Bejapoor. 

Gota,  a  river  of  Sweden.    See  Gotha. 

Gotaland,  the  Swedish  name  of  Gothland. 

Goteborg,  a  city  of  Sweden.    See  Gothenbuho. 

Gotha,  go'ti,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  duchy  of  Saxe- 
Coburg-Gotha,  and  capital  of  the  duchy  of  Gotha,  at  a  rail- 
way junction,  14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Erfurt.  Pop.  26,525.  It 
stands  on  the  declivity  of  a  hill,  crowned  by  the  palace  of 
Friedenstein,  the  usual  residence  of  the  sovereign  of  Saxe- 
Coburg  and  Gotha,  and  containing  a  good  gallery  of  paint- 
ings, a  library  of  240,000  volumes,  one  of  the  finest  cabi- 
nets of  coins  in  Europe,  collections  of  Japanese  and  Chi- 
nese curiosities,  and  various  museums  of  arts  and  science. 
Uotha  is  one  of  the  best-built  towns  in  Germany,  and  is  cn- 
slosed  by  handsome  boulevards,  which  replace  its  ancient 
fortifications.  It  contains  numerous  churches,  an  arsenal, 
a  gymnasium,  one  of  the  most  esteemed  in  Germany,  a 
dunal  high  scliool,  orphan  and  lunatic  asylum,  a  house  of 
oorrection,  an  institution  for  neglected  children,  the  Caro- 


lioe  Establishment  for  Poor  Oirls,  a  polytechnic  and  a  nor- 
mal school,  school  of  trades,  society  of  arts,  itc.  Its  manu- 
factures oompriso  cotton  and  woollen  fabrics,  caq>cts,  yarn, 
sail-cloth,  leather,  tin,  and  lacquered  wares,  fire-engines, 
paper-hangings,  and  musical  and  scientific  instruments.  It 
nas  many  dyeing-establishments,  and  a  largo  porcelain- 
factory;  and  Gotha  sausages  are  in  high  repute.  Near  it 
are  the  observatory  of  the  Seoburg  and  the  uucal  residence 
of  Friedrichsthal.  Since  1764,  the  excellent  "  Almanach  de 
Gotha"  has  been  published  here.  Tue  Ducuy  of  Gotha, 
forming  the  larger  part  of  Sase-Coburg-Gothn,  lies  in  the 
N.  part  of  the  Thuringian  Forest.  Area,  including  several 
small  detached  parts,  540  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1875, 
128,092;  in  1880,  137,988;  in  1890,  147,226. 

Giitha,  or  GOta,  go't&  (Sw.  Giitu-El/,  vo'ti-6lf),  a 
river  of  Sweden,  forming  the  outlet  of  Lake  Wener,  falls 
into  the  Cattegat,  lat.  57°  40'  N.,  Ion.  11°  50'  E.  It  ii 
navigable  through  its  whole  extent. 

Gbtha  (gi>'t&  or  yii'ti)  Canal,  of  Sweden,  unites  Lakes 
Wener  and  Wetter,  and  the  Baltic  Sea,  with  the  Cattegnt, 
by  the  Gota-Elf,  Trolhtctta  Canal,  <tc.  Length,  nearly  25 
miles ;  breadth  at  base,  40  feet ;  depth,  9  feet. 

Gothenburg,  or  Gottcnburg,  got'^n-burg  (Sw. 
Goteborg,  yo'tA-bong*),  a  seaport  city  of  Southwestern 
Sweden,  capital  of  a  lacn  of  its  own  name,  and  at  the  head 
of  a  fiord  on  the  Cattegat,  which  receives  the  Gotha  River, 
immediately  opposite  the  N.  extremity  of  Denmark.  Rail- 
ways connect  it  with  the  principal  towns  of  Sweden.  It  con- 
sists of  a  lower  and  an  upper  town,  the  former  in  a  marshy 
plain  and  intersected  by  canals,  the  latter  picturesquely 
scattered  over  adjacent  rocky  heights.  It  is  the  see  of  a 
Lutheran  bishop.  Principal  edifices,  the  exchange,  ar- 
senal. East  India  House,  town  hall,  a  cathedral  and  sev- 
eral other  churches,  the  theatre,  barracks,  and  some  hospi- 
tals. It  has  a  school  for  children  of  soldiers,  a  free  school, 
two  orphan  asylums,  a  college,  a  public  library,  a  society 
of  arts  and  sciences,  a  chamber  of  commerce,  &c.  The 
harbor,  defended  by  3  forts,  has  20  feet  of  water,  and  a 
grand  dry-dock  cut  in  solid  rock.  Gothenburg  is,  after 
Stockholm,  the  most  important  trading  city  of  the  king- 
dom, having  factories  for  weaving,  spinning,  and  printing 
cotton  goods,  manufactures  of  woollens  and  sail-cloth,  snufi", 
glass,  paper,  and  porter,  breweries,  tanneries,  and  ship- 
building docks,  <tc. ;  the  products  of  which  establishments 
form,  after  iron,  timber,  matches,  staves,  wood-pulp,  butter, 
oats,  cattle,  beans,  peas,  iron,  tar,  copper,  oak  oark,  bones, 
berries,  and  rock-moss,  the  principal  exports.  The  imports 
mostly  comprise  colonial  products,  salt,  rice,  petroleum, 
bacon,  coal,  coke,  fire-brick,  dkc.     Pop.  (1890)  104,657. 

Gothenburg  (or  Goteborg)  and  Bohus,  a  Iu3n  or 
province  of  Sweden,  having  W.  the  Skiiger-Rack  and  Cat- 
tegat. Area,  1891  square  miles.  Capital,  Clothcnburg. 
Pop.  in  1890,  297,780. 

Gothenburg,  a  post-village  of  Dawson  co.,  Neb.,  24 
miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Lexington.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  public  school,  3  banks,  and  2  newspaper  offices.  Pop.  in 
1890,  535. 

Gothia,  an  old  division  of  Sweden.    See  Gothland. 

Gotb'ic  Mountain,  a  peak  of  the  Adirondacks,  in 
Essex  CO.,  N.Y.,  is  computed  to  be  4744  feet  high. 

Gothic  JUountain,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Elk 
Mountains,  in  lat.  38°  57'  N.,  Ion.  107°  W.  Its  altitude  is 
12,570  feet  above  the  sea-level.  It  exhiliits  some  likeness 
to  the  spires  and  pinnacles  of  Gothic  architecture. 

Gothland,  or  Gothland,  goth'land  ("land  of  the 
Goths;"  Sw.  Gota-laiid,  yti'ti-lind^ ;  Fr.  Gothic,  goHee' ; 
L.  Gothia),  a  former  division  of  Sweden,  comprising  all  the 
kingdom  S.  of  lat.  59°  20'  N.  It  was  divided  into  East, 
West,  and  South  Gothland.  None  of  these  appellations, 
however,  are  recognized  in  the  recent  distribution  of 
Sweden  into  provinces.  The  province  of  East  Gothland,  or 
Ostrogothia.,  is  mostly  identical  with  the  lain  of  Linkfiping; 
and  West  Gothland,  or  Westrogothia,  with  those  of  Marie- 
stad,  Gothenburg,  and  part  of  Elfsborg. 

Gothland,  an  island  of  Sweden.    See  Gottland. 

Gotlice,  got'kee',  a  small  town  of  Sinde,  on  the  Indii* 
37  miles  N.E.  of  Shikarpoor. 

Gotland,  an  island  of  Sweden.    See  Gottland. 

Go'to,  Got'to,  Gots  Islands,  or  The  Five 
Islands,  the  westernmost  group  of  Japan,  consisting  of 
five  islands  between  lat.  32°  40'  and  33°  30'  N.  and  about 
Ion.  129°  E.  The  two  largest  islands  are  each  nearly  25 
miles  long. 

Gottenburg,  a  city  of  Sweden.    See  Gothenburg. 

Gottern,  got't^m,  Old  and  Gukat,  two  villages  of 
Prussian  Saxony,  23  miles  N.W.  of  Erfurt.  Pop.  of  Old 
Gottern,  1128;  of  Great  Gottern,  1806. 


GOT 


1291 


GOU 


Gottesberg,  got't§s-b5BG\  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
46  miles  S.W.  of  Breslau.  It  has  coal-mining  and  linen- 
and  hosiery-weaving.     Pop.  6445. 

Gottesgab,  got't§3-gS,b\  a  small  mining  town  of  Bo- 
hemia, circle  and  17  miles  N.N.E.  of  Elbogen.     Pop.  1262. 

Gottcshaus  Bund,  Switzerland.    See  Griso.ns. 

Gottingen,  or  Gcettingcn,  g5t'ting-?n  (Ger.  pron. 
go'ting-§n;  Fr.  Goettingue,  ghiVtks^' ;  L.  G^o»i'n'g'a),  a  town 
of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  on  the  Leine,  at  a  railway  junc- 
tion, 60  miles  S.  of  Hanover.  Lat.  61°  31'  47"  N.;  Ion.  9° 
66'  45"  E.  Pop.  17,038.  It  is  situated  at  the  foot  of  the 
mountain  Haimberg,  and  consists  of  the  old  and  new  towns 
and  the  quarter  of  Masch.  The  streets  are  broad  and  well 
paved,  and  the  ramparts,  planted  with  trees,  form  a  pleasant 
public  promenade.  Principal  edifices,  the  churches,  the 
university  hall,  finished  in  1837,  the  court-house,  surgical 
and  lying-in  hospitals,  an  astronomical  and  a  magnetical 
observatory,  theatre  of  anatomy,  museum,  and  a  large 
riding-school.  Its  university,  founded  by  George  II.  in 
1734,  and  rochartered  in  1836,  was  once  the  chief  of  the 
German  universities.  Connected  with  the  establishment  are 
a  library  of  400,000  printed  volumes  and  5000  manuscripts, 
a  noble  academical  museum,  founded  in  1773,  a  botanic  gar- 
den, and  various  other  institutions,  including  the  Spruch 
Kollegium,  a  judicial  society,  for  whose  decision  questions 
are  brought  from  all  parts  of  Germany;  also  a  society  of 
sciences,  established  in  1751,  a  female  high  school,  and  a 
house  of  correction,  Gottingcn  was  formerly  one  of  the 
Ilanse  towns,  and  has  manufactures  of  woollen  and  linen 
stuffs,  colored  paper,  musical  and  surgical  instruments,  iron 
and  steel  wares,  starch,  and  soap ;  but  those  of  tobacco- 
pipes  and  sausages,  and  the  sale  of  books,  are  the  only 
flourishing  branches  of  trade,  and  the  town  depends  for 
support  mainly  on  its  university, 

Gottland,  or  Gothland,  gott'land  (i.e.,  "good  land"), 
an  island  of  the  Baltic,  belonging  to  Sweden,  of  which  it 
forms,  with  some  smaller  islands,  the  loen  of  Gottland  or 
Wisby,  between  lat.  56°  55'  and  58°  N.  and  Ion.  18°  10' 
and  19°  10'  E.  Area,  1227  square  miles.  Surface  gener- 
ally from  200  to  300  feet  above  the  sea;  coasts  indented  by 
numerous  bays.  Soil  pretty  fertile,  though  ill  cultivated. 
Corn  and  other  vegetable  products  are  raised  in  quantities 
sufficient  for  homo  consumption,  and  live-stock  is  plenti- 
ful; timber,  marble,  sandstone,  and  lime  are  exported  to 
Stockholm,  The  island  has  a  special  military  organization. 
Capital,  Wisby.     Pop,  of  laen,  64,964, 

Gottlieben,  got'lee'b?n,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton of  Thurgau,  2  miles  W.  of  Constance,  and  having  a  cas- 
tle, which  was  the  prison  of  John  Huss,  Jerome  of  Prague, 
and  Malleolus.     Pop.  244, 

Gotto,  got'to,  a  country  of  Africa,  between  Bambarra 
and  Timbuctoo,  formerly  divided  into  several  petty  states 
dependent  on  Bambarra,  but  now  an  independent  kingdom, 
of  which  MossiJoo  is  the  capital, 

Gotto  Islands,  of  Japan,    See  Goto  Islands, 

Gottolengo,  got-to-lin'go,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Lom- 
bardy,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Brescia.     Pop,  2712, 

Gottorf,  got'toRf,  or  Gottorp,  got'toap,  a  former  amt 
of  Denmark,  now  in  Germany,  with  a  castle,  3  miles  S,W. 
of  the  town  of  Sleswick, 

Gottschee,  got'chi,  or  Hatschvie,  hAtch'vee,  a  town 
of  Carinthia,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Laybach,     Pop.  1000. 

Gottska>Sandde,  gott'ski-sin'do^^h,  a  small  island 
in  the  Baltic,  belonging  to  Sweden,  loon  and  30  miles 
N,N.E.  of  Gottland,  Lat.  58°  25'  N,;  Ion,  29°  16'  E, 
Length,  5  miles  ;  breadth,  3  miles. 

Gouap,  an  island  of  the  Pacific.    See  Tap. 

Gouda,  gow'da  (Dutch  pron.  now'dA),  or  Tergouw, 
t^r-gow',  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  South  Holland,  on 
the  Yssel,  at  a  railway  junction,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Rotter- 
dam. Pop.  17,070.  It  is  neatly  built.  Principal  edifice, 
the  church  of  St.  John,  remarkable  for  its  stained  glass 
windows.  It  has  four  other  churches,  a  fine  town  hall, 
several  hospitals,  a  Latin  school,  a  town  library  with  curious 
manuscripts,  numerous  tobacco-pipe  factories,  brick-kilns, 
manufactures  of  woollens,  sail-cloth,  and  cordage,  and  large 
markets  for  cheese  and  other  rural  produce. 

Gonflfre,  goofTr,  a  river  of  Quebec,  rises  in  the  Mont- 
dcs-Roches,  co.  of  Saguenay,  and  falls  into  the  St,  Law- 
rence opposite  the  Isle  aux  Coudres,  Lat,  47°  26'  N. ;  Ion, 
70°  30'  W,  It  is  tortuous  and  full  of  rapids.  The  estuary 
oi  this  river,  with  the  exception  of  its  bed,  is  almost  dry  at 
low  water, 

Gougeville,  New  York,     See  Loxg  Lake, 

Gough's  (gofiTs)  Island,  or  Diego  Alvarez,  de- 
i'go  ai-vi'rSz,  an  island  of  the  South  Atlantic.  Lat,  40° 
20'  S, ;  Ion,  9°  44'  W. 


Gou'glersville,  a  post-oflSce  of  Berks  co.,  Pa. 

Gonkeka,  or  Goukcha.    See  Goktsche-Denghis 

Goulburn,  gol'biirn,  a  town  of  Australia,  in  New  South 
AVales,  128  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Sydney,  It  is  the  seat  of 
an  Anglican  and  a  Catholic  bishop,  and  has  a  hospital,  jail, 
and  other  good  public  buildings.     Pop,  4453, 

Goulburn,  a  river  of  Victoria,  Australia,  has  a  gener- 
ally N.  course  of  230  miles,  and  joins  the  Murray  6  miles 
above  Echuca.     Its  lower  portion  is  navigable  for  boats, 

Goulburn's  Islands,  two  small  islands  off  the  N. 
coast  of  Australia,  50  miles  E.S,E.  of  Coburg  Peninsula. 
Lat.  11°  30'  S,;  Ion.  133°  25'  E, 

Gould,  goold,  a  post-village  in  Compton  co,,  Quebec,  12 
miles  N,E,  of  Robinson,  It  contains  2  churches,  2  stores, 
and  a  saw-  and  grist-mill.     Pop,  200, 

Gould  (goold)  Farm,  a  post-oflSce  of  Caldwell  co.,  Moi 

Goul4Ja,  Asiatic  Russia,    See  Kooldja, 

Gould's,  a  station  in  Jefferson  co.,  0.,  on  the  Pan  • 
Handle  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Steubenville, 

Goulds'borough,  a  post-township  of  Hancock  co., 
Me.,  is  a  peninsula  bounded  by  the  sea  on  all  sides  except 
the  N.  It  has  several  good  harbors,  and  contains  villages 
named  Gouldsborough,  Prospect  Harbor,  and  West  Goulds- 
borough.  Gouldsborough  village  is  on  an  inlet  of  the  sea, 
24  miles  E,  by  S.  of  Ellsworth.  The  township  has  several 
lumber-mills.     Pop,  of  township,  1709. 

Gouldsborough,  a  post-village  of  Lackawanna  co.. 
Pa.,  in  Buck  township,  on  the  Lehigh  River,  about  18  milea 
S.  by  E.  of  Scranton.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  tannery. 

Gould's  Switch,  a  hamlet  of  Humphreys  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad,  about 
76  miles  W.  of  Nashville.     It  has  a  tannery.' 

Goulds'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Vt.,  oa 
the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  7  or  8  miles  S.S,W.  of  Mont- 
pelier.     It  has  a  manufactory  of  flannel. 

Gould'town,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co,,  N.J., 
in  Bridgeton  and  Fairfield  townships,  2  miles  from  Brick- 
ville  Railroad  Station,     It  has  a  church, 

Gouija,  Asiatic  Russia,     See  Kooldja, 

Goumish-Khaneh,  Turkey,    See  Goomish-Khankh. 

Goumri,  a  town  of  Russia,    See  Alexandropol. 

Gounabad,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Goonabad, 

Goundiam,  a  village  of  West  Africa,     See  Goondiah. 

Gouniam-Aniadou.    See  Goosiam-Amadoo, 

Gouniam-Sisse,  Africa,     See  Gooniam-Sisse, 

Gounieh,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia.    See  Goonieo. 

Gounong-Api.     See  Goonoxg-Apee, 

Gour,  or  Gaur,  gSwr  (Sanscrit,  LaksTimanavati,  ot 
Laknnnti ;  Mohammedan,  Jennatabad,  jfin^na-ti-bid', 
"abode  of  paradise,;"  perhaps  the  Gange  Jiegia  of  Ptol- 
emy), a  ruined  city  of  Bengal  (of  which  it  was  anciently  the 
capital),  50  miles  N.W.  of  Moorshedabad.  Its  remains  ex- 
tend over  an  area  of  more  than  20  square  miles,  on  which 
only  a  few  straggling  villages  now  exist.  Extensive  embank- 
ments fivced  with  brick,  bridges  and  roads  of  the  same 
material,  two  fine  gateways,  a  large  fort  containing  a  mauso- 
leum, 7  or  8  deserted  mosques,  a  lofty  tower,  and  a  multitude 
of  large  tanks  and  reservoirs  are  the  principal  remaining 
structures,  many  of  which  are  of  Mohammedan  origin.  The 
cities  of  Moorshedabad,  Dacca,  Malda,  Ac,  have  been  in  a 
great  part  built  of  the  materials  of  its  edifices,  and  some  of 
its  fine  buildings  were  destroyed  to  erect  the  cathedral  of 
Calcutta. 

Gour'din's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVilliamsburg 
CO.,  S.C.,  on  the  Northeastern  Railroad,  62  miles  N,  of 
Charleston, 

Gourdon,  gooR*d6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Lot,  28 
miles  N.  of  Cahors.  It  has  a  handsome  church,  manufac. 
tures  of  woollen  stuffs,  and  an  orphan  asylum.     Pop.  2688. 

Gour'don,  a  small  seaport  village  of  Scotland,  co.  o' 
Kincardine,  1  mile  S,  of  Bervie,     Pop,  714, 

Gourgan,  a  town  of  Persia,    Sec  Goorgaun. 

Gonriel,  a  province  of  Asifc,    See  Gooriel. 

Gouriev,  a  town  of  Russia,    See  Gooriev. 

Gourin,  goo*r&N<>',  a  village  of  France,  in  Morbihan, 
61  miles  N.W,  of  Vannes,     Pop.  131*6. 

Gonrnay,  goon'ni',  or  Gonrnay-en-Bray,  j^oor  - 
ni'-Aso-brA,  a  town  of  France,  in  Seino-Inf6rieure,  en  the 
Epte,  34  miles  E.  of  Rouen.     Pop.  3064, 

Gourock,  goo'rok,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co,  of  Ren 
frew,  on  the  Firth  of  Clyde,  3  miles  by  tramway  W.  of 
Greenock,    It  is  a  bathing-place.     Pop,  3082, 

Gou'rock,  a  post-ofiice  of  Sumner  co,,  Kansas. 

Gourock,  a  post-village  in  Wellington  co.,  Ontario,  oa 
the  Wellington,  Grey  &  Bruce  Railway,  4  miles  S.  of 
Guelph,     Pop.  100, 

Gouronconda,  India,    See  Gooruuconda. 


aoir 


1292 


GRA 


Goursoaf«  a  Tillage  of  Russia.    Soe  Qoonsoor. 

<*oas»  a  riror  of  Russia.    Seo  Odor. 

GoustOf  goos'ti,  or  Gousta-FJcId*  goos'Ul-fyild,  a 
•oanUin  of  Norway,  Int.  00°  N.,  belonging  to  and  on  tho 
B.  lide  of  tho  LangQeld  rango.  Height,  6354  foot,  and 
comparable,  in  rospoot  of  tlie  mngnitiuonce  of  its  scenery, 
to  some  of  tho  loftiest  summits  of  the  Alps. 

Goutchkaf  Russia.    Soe  GSKTSCitE-DK.Nonis. 

Gouvca,  gO-vd'&,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  53 
miles  K.N.K.  of  Coimbra.     Pop.  2200. 

Gouverneur,  goov^^r-noor',  oitcn  proiounoed  giiv'^r- 
nccr',  a  post-villago  of  St.  Lawrcnoo  co.,  S.Y.,  in  (iouyer- 
ncur  township,  on  the  Oswcgatchio  Rivor,  and  on  the  Rome, 
Watortown  A,  Ogdcnsburg  Railroad,  34  miles  S.  of  Ogdens- 
burg,  nnd  36  luilcs  N.B.  of  Wutertown.  It  contains  6 
oburches,  2  banks,  the  Gouverncur  Weslcyan  Seminary,  3 
newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of  iron,  machinery, 
lumber,  &o.  Iron  ore,  marble,  fluor-spar,  heavy  spar,  ser- 
pentine, and  spindle  are  found  in  the  vicinity.  Pop.  in 
1890,  3458;  of  the  township,  6851. 

Gouy-le-Pifeton,  goo'eo'-l^h-pe-i'tiu*',  a  village  of 
Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Charleroi.     P.  3700, 

Goiizeaucoiirt,  goo^zC^koon',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Nord,  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cambrai.     Pop.  2384. 

Govan,  gSv'an,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  on  tho  left  bank 
of  the  Clj'de,  just  below  Glasgow,  of  which  it  forms  a 
suburb.  Here  are  very  extensive  docks  for  building  iron 
ships,  and  other  large  industrial  establishments,  also  a 
public  library.     Pop.  in  1871,  19,179;  in  1891,  61,364. 

Go'vanstown^  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  5 
miles  N.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  4  churches,  a  convent,  a 
Catholic  academy,  a  savings-institution,  several  stores, 
and  manufactures  of  carriages,  <S;c. 

Govay^  supposed  ancient  name  of  QoA. 

Gove,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Kansas.  Area,  1020 
square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Smoky  Hill  River  and 
the  North  Fork  of  that  river.  The  surface  is  nearly  level. 
The  soil  is  calcareous  and  fertile.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Kansas  Pacific  Railroad.  Pop.  in  1880,  1196;  in  1890, 
2994. 

Goven,  go^vby',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ille-et-Vilaine, 
26  miles  N.N.K.  of  Redon.     Pop.  2167. 

Governador,  or  Ilha  do  Govcrnador,  eel'yi  do 
go-viR-n&-dOR',  an  island  of  Brazil,  in  the  bay  and  8  miles 
N.  of  Rio  Janeiro,  about  8  miles  in  breadth,  and  28  miles 
in  circuit.  In  some  parts,  sugar-cane,  manioc,  millet,  and 
beans  are  grown.  The  island  contains  a  church  and  a 
primary  school,  and  a  building  which  bears  the  name  of 
imperial  palace.     Pop.  2856. 

Gov'ernment's  Island,  in  Rock  Island  co.,  III.,  is  in 
the  Mississippi  River,  between  the  cities  of  Rock  Island,  111., 
and  Davenport,  Iowa.  It  is  3  miles  long,  and  has  an  area 
of  960  acres.  It  is  a  United  States  government  reserva- 
tion, has  fine  arsenals,  and  is  connected  by  bridges  with 
either  shore  of  the  river.     Pop.  165. 

Gov'ernor  Run,  a  post-office  of  Calvert  co.,  Md. 

Gov'ernor's  Island,  in  the  harbor  of  Boston,  Mass., 
lies  on  the  N.  side  of  the  main  ship-channel,  opposite  Castle 
Island.  Upon  it  are  Fort  Winthrop  and  other  works  for 
defence. 

Governor's  Island,  New  York,  is  in  New  York  har- 
bor, nearly  f  of  a  mile  S.  of  the  Battery,  and  is  separated 
from  the  12th  ward  of  Brooklyn  by  Buttermilk  Channel.  It 
is  about  i  mile  in  diameter,  belongs  to  the  United  States, 
and  is  fortified  by  Fort  Columbus. 

Govind,  a  river  and  town  of  Africa.    See  Juba. 

GoVindgarh',  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Alrar  state. 
Pop.  5213. 

Govone,  go-vo'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Coni, 
near  the  Tanaro,  28  miles  S.E.  of  Turin.     Pop.  3156. 

Gowan'da,  a  post-village  of  Cattaraugus  and  Erie 
COS.,  N.Y.,  is  on  both  sides  of  Cattaraugus  Creek,  and  on  the 
Buffalo  &  Jamestown  Railfoad,  2  or  3  miles  N.E.  of  the 
Erie  Railroad,  32  miles  S.  of  Buffalo,  and  20  miles  E.  of 
Dunkirk.  It  contains  a  bank,  6  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  union  school,  2  flouring-mills,  a  pump-factory,  an 
axe-factory,  a  plough-factory,  Ac.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Gow'deysville,  a  post-township  of  Union  co.,  S.C.,  9 
miles  from  Gaffney's  Station.     Pop.  957. 

G'ow'en,  a  post-village  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Montcalm  township,  on  Flat  River,  and  on  the  Detroit, 
Lansing  &  Lake  Michigan  Railroad,  64  miles  N.W.  of 
Lansing,  and  about  24  miles  N.E.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  creamery.     Pop.  about  250. 

Go  wen,  a  post-hamlet  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  in  Black 
Creek  township,  on  the  Danville,  Hazelton  &  Wilkesbarre 
Railroad,  28  miles  E.  of  Danville.    Here  is  a  coal-mine. 


Gow'en  City,  a  post-office  of  Northumberland  co.,  Pa., 
about  4  miles  S.S.U.  of  Shamokin. 

C.ow'cnsville,  a  post-hamlct  of  Greenville  co.,  B.C., 
22  miles  N.W.  of  Spartanburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tan- 
nery, and  a  seminary. 

Gower,  gOw'^r,  or  Gwcr,  goo'^r,  a  peninsula  of  South 
Wales,  projecting  about  15  miles  into  Bristol  Channel,  and 
forming  the  westernmost  part  of  the  county  of  Glamorgan. 
It  has  bold,  rocky,  and  deeply  indented  shores,  several  in- 
teresting ancient  remains,  and  much  fine  scenery.  Pop. 
10,000.  A  colony  of  Flemings  have  occupied  tho  S.W.  ex- 
tremity of  this  peninsula  since  tho  reign  of  Henry  I.  They 
have  preserved  much  of  their  original  language,  dress,  and 
manners,  and  rarely  intermarry  with  the  Welsh. 

Gow'er,  a  post-offico  of  Du  Page  co..  III. 

Gower,  a  township  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  888. 

Gower,  a  post-village  of  Clintonville  co.,  Mo.,  20  miles 
by  rail  E.S.K.  of  St.  Joseph.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank, 
and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  328. 

Gower  (gSw'^r)  Island,  one  of  the  Solomon  group. 
Lat.  7°  53'  S. ;  Ion.  160°  55'  E.  Its  shape  resembles  an 
arrow.     It  is  low  and  covered  with  wood. 

Gow'er's  Ferry,  a  hamlet  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa,  on  Cedar 
River,  opposite  Cedar  Bluff. 

Gownatty,  Goahnti,  Gohatti,orGaahati,gdw- 
h&t'tee,  written  also  Gwahati,  gwi-hi'tee,  a  town  of 
India,  the  capital  and  largest  town  of  Assam  and  of  the 
Camroop  district,  on  the  Brahmapootra,  70  miles  E.  of  Goal- 
para.     Pop.  11,492. 

GoAV'ran,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kilkenny,  6S  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Thomastown. 

Gowrie,  Scotland.    See  Cause  of  Gowrib. 

GoAv'rie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Webster  co.,  Iowa,  21  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Fort  Dodge.  It  has  4  churches,  public  schools, 
2  banks,  and  a  newspopor  office.     Pop.  526. 

Goya,  go'y&,  a  town  of  tho  Argentine  Republic,  in 
Corrienies,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Parand.     Pop.  4042. 

Goyanna,  go-yin'n&,  a  city  of  Brazil,  state  of  Per- 
nambuco,  on  the  Goyanna  River,  35  miles  N.W.  of  Olinda. 
It  has  a  Latin  and  other  schools,  a  hospital,  a  convent,  5 
churches,  and  numerous  factories,  is  the  seat  of  civil  and 
criminal  courts,  and  has  an  active  trade.     Pop.  5000. 

Goyave,  go-y4v',  a  town  on  the  island  of  Guadeloupe, 
West  Indies,  on  a  bay  of  the  same  name,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Petit  GoyaTe.     Pop.  1043. 

Goyaz,  go-yiz',  a  city  of  Brazil,  capital  of  a  state  of 
its  own  name,  formerly  called  Villa  Boa.  Lat.  16°  21' 
S. ;  Ion.  50°  35'  W.  The  river  Vermelho  divides  the  town 
into  two  parts.  It  contains  the  governor's  palace,  7  churches, 
a  Latin  school  and  a  school  of  philosophy,  and  is  the  seat 
of  the  legislative  assembly  of  tho  province.  It  is  a  bishop's 
see.     Pop.  about  8000. 

Goyaz,  the  central  state  of  Brazil,  extending  between 
lat.  8°  and  20°  S.  and  Ion.  46°  nnd  52°  W.  Area,  288,646 
square  miles.  Pop.  211,721.  The  principal  mountains  are 
the  Sierra  of  Matto  Gordo.  The  Cordillera  Grande,  in  its 
centre,  rises  to  no  great  height.  Principal  rivers,  the  To- 
cantins  in  tho  centre,  the  Araguay,  forming  its  W.,  and  the 
Rio  Grande,  its  S.  boundary.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Vast 
herds  of  horned  cattle  are  reared.  Gold  was  formerly  plen- 
tiful. No  mines  appear  to  be  now  wrought,  and  every  branch 
of  industry  is  backward.     Principal  town,  Goyaz. 

Goycli,  go-ik',  or  Goyeck,  a  village  of  Belgium,  prov- 
ince of  South  Brabant,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Brussels.     P.  2900. 

Goy-Esili,  a  village  of  Sardinia.    See  Guasila. 

Goyzueta,  go-c-thwi'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of 
Navarre,  27  miles  N.N.W.  of  Pamplona.     Pop.  1460. 

Gozo,  or  Gozzo,  got'zo  (anc.  Gau'los),  one  of  the 
Maltese  group  of  islands,  in  the  Mediterranean,  4  miles  N.W. 
of  Malta.  Length,  9  miles;  breadth,  4i  miles.  Rabato, 
its  chief  town,  is  situated  near  the  centre.  Fort  Charabray 
is  on  its  S.E.  coast.  The  chief  object  of  interest  in  the 
island  is  tho  Giant's  Tower,  a  cyclopean  building. 

Gozzano,  got-s&'no  (L.  Gaudianum),  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  Piedmont,  22  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Novara.  It  has  a  hand- 
some church,  and  the  remains  of  a  castle.     Pop.  2039. 

Graaf,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Grave. 

Graaf-Reynet  (or  -Reinet),  grlf-ri'net,  a  town  of  ■ 
Africa,  in  Cape  Colony,  capital  of  Graaf-Reynet  division, 
on  the  Sunday  River,  200  miles  N.  of  Port  Elizabeth.  It 
is  a  thriving  town,  tho  seat  of  Graaf-Reynet  College,  and, 
being  beautifully  situated,  is  called  "  the  gem  of  the  desert." 
Pop.  3717.  The  division  is  mountainous,  well  timbered,  and 
productive.    Area,  4567  square  miles.     Pop.  16,774. 

Graafscliap,  grif  skap,  a  post-village  of  Allegan  co., 
Mich.,  in  Fillmore  and  Laketown  townships,  3i  miles  S.W. 
of  Holland  Station.     It  has  2  churches  and  3  stores. 


GRA 


1293 


GRA 


Graasteen,  a  village  of  Germany.    See  Gravenstein. 

Graauw,  urow,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Zea- 
land, 15  miles  S.W.  of  Bergen-op-Zoom.     Pop.  1776. 

Grab'all,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Tex.,  4 
miles  from  Courtney  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Grabalos,  gr4-Ba'loce,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile, 
province  and  .33  miles  S.E.  of  Logroiio.     Pop.  1209. 

Graber,  gri'b?r,  or  Grabern,  gri'b§rn,  a  town  of  Bo- 
hemia, 38  miles  N.  of  Prague.     Pop.  1010. 

Grabow,  gri'bov,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Mecklenburg- 
Schworin,  on  the  Elde,  and  on  a  railway,  24  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Sehwerin.     Pop.,  with  surroundings,  4207. 

Grabow,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Prussian  Poland,  9 
miles  N.E.  of  Schildberg.     Pop.  1650. 

Grabow-bei-Stettin,  gri'bov-bl-stet-tcen',  a  town 
of  Prussia,  on  the  Oder,  a  northern  suburb  of  Stettin.  It 
has  a  school  of  navigation  and  commerce.     Pop.  10,238. 

Grabusa,  gri-boo'si  (anc.  Gimarus  ?),  an  island  in  the 
Grecian  Archipelago,  off  the  N.W.  extremity  of  Crete. 

Gra^ay,  gri'sS',  a  village  of  France,  in  Cher,  30  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Bourges.     Pop.  1821. 

Gracchopolis,  the  Latin  for  Cracow. 

Gracehain,  grass'am,  a  post-village  of  Frederick  co., 
Md.,  56  miles  by  rail  AV.N.W.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  cigar-factory.     Pop.  about  300. 

Grace'hill,  or  BaPJyken'nedy,  a  Moravian  settle- 
ment in  Ireland,  co.  of  Antrim,  2  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ballymena. 

Graceville,  grass'vil,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Fla. 

Graceville,  a  post-village  of  Big  Stone  co.,  Minn.,  21 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Browns  Valley.  It  has  2  churches,  2 
banks,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  508. 

Gracias,  or  Gracias-d-Dios,  gr4'se-is-i-dee'oce, 
a  town  of  Honduras,  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Comayagua. 

Gracias-a-Dios,  a  headland,  E.  of  Patagonia,  near 
the  mouth  of  the  Gallegos.    See  Cape  Guacias-a-Dios. 

Graciosa,  grS,-se-o'si,  one  of  the  Azores  Islands,  in  the 
Atlantic,  N.W.  of  Terceira,  and  N.E.  of  Fayal.  Lat.  39° 
6'  N. ;  Ion.  28°  4'  W.  Length,  20  miles;  breadth,  6  miles. 
Pop.  8000.     Principal  town,  Santa  Cruz. 

Graciosa,  or  La  Graciosa,  li  gri-se-o'si,  one  of  the 
most  N.E.  of  the  Canary  Islands,  is  small  and  uninhabited. 

Gradachatz,  gr!l'di-kits\  a  town  of  Bosnia,  42  miles 
N.W.  of  Zvornik,  with  trade  in  cattle  and  timber.    P.  4500. 

Grad'dy  Landing,  a  post-office  and  shipping-point 
cf  Desha  co..  Ark.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  100 
miles  S.E.  of  Little  Rock. 

Gradifes,  gri-Dee'fds,  a  village  of  Spain,  province  and 
16  miles  E.  of  Leon,  in  a  plain  on  the  Esla. 

Gradignan,  gri'deen^y6K»',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Gironde,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  715. 

Gradisca,  or  Gradiska.    SeeGoRiTz. 

Gradisca,  or  Gradiska,  a  town  of  Austria,  district 
and  6  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Goritz.  It  has  fortifications,  a 
high  school,  and  silk-works.     Pop.  3073. 

Gradiska,  gri-dis'kA,  or  Berbir,  bSr'beer,  a  fortified 
town  of  Bosnia,  on  the  Save,  23  miles  N.N.E.  of  Banialuka, 
and  opposite  Alt-Gradiska.     Pop.  1700. 

Gradista,  gri-dis'ti,  a  village  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Albania,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Avlona. 

Gradlicze,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Guaslitz. 

Gradlitz,  grid'lits,  or  Hradisko,  hri-dis'ko,  a  town 
of  Bohemia,  15  miles  N.  of  Koniggratz.     Pop.  1000. 

Grado,  gri'do,  a  town  of  Austria,  on  an  island  in  the 
Adriatic,  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Goritz.     Pop.  2795. 

Gradwein,  grid'Wine,  a  village  of  Styria,  on  the  Mur, 
with  a  railway  station,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Gratz.     Pop.  680. 

Graidyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adair  co.,  Ky.,  35  miles 
S.E.  of  Caverna.     It  has  a  church  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Grxcia,  the  Latin  name  of  Greece. 

Graefenberg,orGrafenberg,grd-fen-b5RG\aham- 
let  of  Austria,  in  Silesia,  among  the  Sudetio  Mountains,  37 
miles  N.  of  Hohenstadt.  Here  is  a  water-cure,  the  first 
over  established. 

Graef 'enberg,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co..  Ivy.,  4 
miles  S.W.  of  Benson  Station.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
flouring-mill. 

Graefenberg,  a  post-office  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y. 

Graefenburg,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co..  Pa. 

Graeg,  or  Graig,  grig,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of 
Monmouth,  3  miles  W.N.W.  of  Newport.     Pop.  879. 

Grscmsay,  grim'si,  an  islet  of  the  Orkneys,  IJ  miles 
S.  of  Stromness. 

Graen,  a  city  of  Hungary.    See  Gran. 

Graena,  gri-i'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  prov- 
ince and  28  miles  E.N.E.  of  Granada.  It  has  a  parish 
church,  a  palace  belonging  to  the  Marquis  of  Penaflor,  and 
a  court-house.    About  1  mile  E.  are  thermal  baths. 


Graesoe,  gri'so^^h,  or  Gra!s6en,  gri'so^^n,  an  island 
of  Sweden,  in  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia,  laen  of  Stockholm.  Lat. 
60°  25'  N.;  Ion.  18°  20'  E.     Length,  20  miles. 

Graetz,  a  city  of  Austria.    See  Gratz. 

Grafenau,  grif'?n-5w\  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  an 
affluent  of  the  Ilz,  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Passau.    Pop.  967. 

GrJlfenberg,  Austria.    See  Graefenberg. 

Grafenberg,  gri'f§n-b4R0\  a  town  of  Bavaria,  24 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Bamberg.     Pop.  1032. 

Grafenhausen,  grdf'^n-now^z^n,  a  village  of  Baden, 
25  miles  S.E.  of  Freiburg.     Pop.  1066. 

Grilfenhaynchen,gri'f?n-hin^Ken,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Bitterfeld.     Pop.  2934. 

Grafenort,  grS,'f§n-0Rt\  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Sile- 
sia, government  of  Breslau.  It  has  an  elegant  castle,  be- 
longing to  the  Count  of  Herberstein.     Pop.  1240. 

Grdfenthal,  gri'f§n-t9,l\  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Saxe- 
Meiningen,  9  miles  S.S.W.'of  Saalfeld.     Pop.  1991. 

Grilfentonna,  gri'f^n-ton^ni,  a  town  of  Germany, 
in  Saxe-Coburg,  10  miles  N.  of  Gotha.     Pop.  1637. 

Grafenworth,  gra'f?n-*oRt\  or  Grafenwerd,  gri'- 
f?n-'*5Rt\  a  town  of  Lower  Austria,  on  the  river  Kamp,  8 
miles  from  Krems.     Pop.  860. 

Graff-Reynet,  Africa.    See  Graaf-Rey.vet. 

Grcifrath,  gri'frit,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  14  miles 
E.  of  Dusseldorf.  It  has  manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  tapes, 
and  ironware.     Pop.  5604. 

Graft,  a  post-office  of  Harlan  co..  Neb. 

Grafton,  a  county  of  New  Hampshire,  bordering  on 
Vermont,  has  an  area  of  about  1500  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Connecticut  River,  and  is 
drained  by  the  Pcraigewasset,  Lower  Ammonoosuc,  and 
Baker's  Rivers.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  small  lakes, 
extensive  forests,  and  grand  mountain-scenery.  In  the 
N.E.  part  of  the  county  stand  Mount  Jackson  and  Mount 
Lafayette,  peaks  of  the  White  Mountains.  Among  its  re- 
markable features  is  Squam  Lake.  The  soil  is  mostly  fer- 
tile, and  adapted  to  pasturage.  Hay,  butter,  potatoes,  wool, 
oats,  Indian  corn,  and  maple  sugar  are  the  staple  products. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Boston,  Concord  &  Montreal  Riiil- 
road,  which  passes  through  the  capitals  of  the  county,  the 
towns  of  Haverhill  and  Plymoutli;  and  by  the  Boston  <fc 
Maine  Railroad,  the  Passump.«io  division  of  which  runs 
the  whole  length  of  its  W.  boundary.  Pop.  in  1870,  39,103  ; 
in  1880,  38,788  ;  in  1890,  37,217. 

Grafton,  a  post-office  of  Henry  co.,  Ala. 

Grafton,  or  Knight's  Landing,  a  post-village  of 
Yolo  CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  Sacramento  River,  about  27  miles 
above  Sacramento,  and  on  the  California  Pacific  Railroad 
(at  Knight's  Station),  91  miles  from  San  Francisco.  It  has 
3  churches.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Grafton.  Pop. 
of  Grafton  township,  1861. 

Grafton,  a  post- village  of  Jersey  co.,  111.,  on  the  Mis- 
sissippi River,  IJ  miles  below  the  mouth  of  the  Illinois, 
and  about  15  miles  above  Alton.  Large  quantities  of  fine 
fossiliferous  limestone  are  quarried  here,  and  exported  by 
the  river.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  bank. 
Here  are  high  blufis  and  fine  scenery.     Pop.  in  1890,  927. 

Grafton,  a  township  of  McHenry  co.,  IlL  Pop.  1361. 
It  contains  Huntley's  Grove. 

Grafton,  a  hamlet  of  Posey  co.,  Ind.,  in  Black  town- 
ship, 2  miles  from  Upton  Station.  It  has  a  drug-store  and 
a  manufactory  of  spring-beds. 

Grafton,  a  post-office  of  Worth  co.,  Iowa. 

Grafton,  a  post-office  of  Chautauqua  co.,  Kansas. 

Grafton,  a  post-township  of  Oxford  co..  Me.,  20  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Bethel  Railroad  Station.     Pop.  94. 

Grafton,  a  post-town  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  about  9 
miles  S.E.  of  Worcester,  and  on  the  Grafton  Centre  Rail- 
road (narrow-gauge),  3J  miles  S.E.  of  Grafton  Station  on 
the -Boston  &  Albany  Railroad.  It  has  5  churches,  a 
national  bank,  a  high  school,  and  extensive  manufactures 
of  boots  and  shoes,  cotton,  thread,  <fec.  The  township  is 
drained  by  the  Blackstone  River  and  its  tributaries,  which 
afford  water-power.  Pop.  in  1890,  5002.  It  contains 
villages  named  North  Grafton,  Fisherville,  Farmersville, 
and  Saundersville.  From  Grafton  Station  short  railroads 
extend  to  Millbury  and  Grafton  Centre. 

Grafton,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  in  Ash 
township,  and  a  station  on  the  Holly,  Wayne  &  Monroe 
Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Monroe.  It  has  a  steam  saw-mill, 
a  grist-mill,  ar.d  2  churches.     Pop.  about  150. 

Grafton,  a  post-township  of  Sibley  co.,  Minn.    P.  151. 

Grafton,  a  post-village  of  Fillmore  co..  Neb.,  64  miles 
by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a 
high  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  about  400. 
Much  grain  is  shipped  here 


GRA 


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GraAon,  a  post-villnice  of  Grnflon  oo.,  N.H.,  in  Graf- 
ton  township,  ftod  on  the  Northern  Railroad,  -14  miles  N.W. 
of  Conoonl.  It  b»s  2  churches.  The  township  has  quarries 
of  mica  and  manufaotures  of  lamber.     Pop.  787. 

GrofkoD)  a  post-township  of  Rensselaer  oo.,  N.Y., 
about  IS>  miles  N.E.  of  Albany.  It  has  8  ohurohes,  and 
Danafactures  of  chairs  and  shirts.     Pop.  1625. 

GraAoUt  a  post-villu^^e,  capita)  of  Wnlsh  oo.,  N.D.,  .32 
miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  (jrand  Forks.  It  has  7  ohurohes, 
S  banks,  4  newspuper  oflicos. 'Ao.     Pop.  1594. 

GraAoiif  or  Ra\v'sonville«  a  post-village  of  Lorain 
00.,  0.,  on  BInck  River,  at  the  crossing  of  two  railroads, 
8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Elyria,  and  25  niilos  S.W.  of  Clovcliind. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Grafton.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  ssw-mili.  Pop.  600.  Here  ftre  quarries 
of  grindstones. 

Grafton*  a  post-village  of  Ilantingdon  oo.,  Pa.,  in  Pcnn 
township,  on  the  Huntingdon  «fe  Broad  Top  Railroad,  7 
miles  S.W.  of  Huntingdon.  It  has  a  tannery,  2  coach- 
factories,  a  steam  grist-mill,  Jbo. 

GraAon*  a  post-villnge  of  Kane  oo.,  Utah,  about  16 
miles  S.E.  of  Toquervillo.     It  has  a  church. 

GraAon,  a  post-village  of  Windham  oo.,  Vt.,  in  Grafton 
township,  on  Saxton's  River,  about  38  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rut- 
land. It  has  2  churches,  a  carriage-shop,  a  woollen -factory, 
a  lumber-mill,  and  a  churn-factory.  Good  soapstone  abounds 
here.     Pop.  of  the  township,  817. 

GraAoii,  a  post-oflico  of  York  co.,  Va. 

GraAon*  a  post-villngo  of  Taylor  co.,  W.  Va..  on  Ty- 
gart's  Valley  River,  and  on  tho  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Riiilroad, 
at  the  junction  of  tho  Parkorsburg  Branch,  280  miles  W. 
of  Baltimore,  104  miles  E.  of  Parkorsburg,  and  99  miles 
S.E.  of  Wheeling.  Two  iron  bridges  cross  the  river  here. 
Grafton  has  10  churches,  2  banks,  2  saw-mills,  a  pump- 
factory,  4  planing-mills,  3  newspaper  offices,  several  flour- 
ing-mills,  a  foundry,  and  machine-shops.     Pop.  3159. 

GraAoiif  a  post-village  of  Ozaukee  co.,  Wis.,  on  the 
Milwaukee  River,  25  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Milwaukee.  It 
has  3  churches,  and  ninnufactures  of  wool  and  worsted 
yarns  and  lime.  It  is  near  the  W.  border  of  Grafton  town- 
ship, which  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Lake  Michigan.  Pop. 
in  1890,  434;  of  the  township,  1444. 

GraAon,  a  town  of  Australia,  in  New  South  Wales,  on 
the  navigable  river  Clarence,  50  miles  from  the  sea,  and  301 
miles  N.  of  Sydney.  It  is  tho  seat  of  an  Anglican  bishop. 
Pop.  2250. 

GraAon,  or  Hal'dimand,  a post-villago  in  Northum- 
berland CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  77  miles 
E.  of  Toronto.  It  has  a  distillery,  a  wooUen-fiictory,  an 
iron-foundry,  saw-  and  grist-mills,  and  a  large  trade  in 
lamber  and  grain.     Pop.  600. 

GraAon  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Grafton  oo.,  N.II., 
and  a  station  on  the  Northern  Railroad,  2  miles  N.W.  of 
Grafton,  and  46  miles  N.W.  of  Concord. 

Grafton  Corner,  a  village  in  Kings  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
2i  miles  from  Waterville.     It  contains  3  stores.     Pop.  200. 

GraAon  Island,  the  most  N.  of  the  Basbee  Islands, 
Philippines,  Malay  Archipelago. 

Graglia,  gril'yi,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  8  miles 
N.E.  of  Ivrea.     Pop.  2784. 

Gragnano,  grin-yA'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Naples,  2  miles  E.  of  Custol-a-Mare.     Pop.  12,278. 

Graham,  gra'am,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Kan- 
sas, has  an  area  of  900  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  South  Fork  of  Solomon  River.  Tho  surface  is  undu- 
lating.   About  95  per  cent,  of  it  is  prairie.    P.  (1890)  5029. 

Graham,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  North  Carolina, 
bordering  on  Tennessee,  is  drained  by  the  Little  Tennessee 
River.  Area,  250  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W. 
by  the  Unaka  or  Smoky  Mountain.  Capital,  Robbinsville. 
Pop.  in   1880,  2335  ;   in  1890,  3313. 

Graham,  a  post-village  of  Appling  eo.,  Ga..  on  the 
Maoon  A  Brunswick  Railroad,  87  miles  N.W.  of  Bruns- 
wiok.  It  has  2  churches,  a  steam  lumber-mill,  and  a  grist- 
mill.    Pine  timber  abounds  hero. 

Graham,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  JeiTerson  co.,  Ind., 
about  14  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Madison.  Pop.  of  Graham  town- 
ship, 1408. 

Graham,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa,  traversed 
by  the  railroad  from  Burlington  to  Cedar  Rapids.  Pop.  880. 

Graham,  Graham  oo.,  Kansas.     See  Whitfield. 

Graham,  a  post-villago  of  Nodaway  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Nodaway  River,  about  36  miles  N.  by  W.  of  St.  Joseph. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  an  academy, 
and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  500. 

Graham,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Alamance  co.,  N.C., 
h  in  Graham  township,  on  the  Haw  River,  and  on  the 


North  Carolina  Railroad,  which  connects  Raleigh  with 
Greensboroufb,  68  miles  W.N.W.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  3 
ohurohes,  a  high  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.  In  the 
vicinity  are  several  cotton-mills.  Pop.  in  1890,991;  of 
the  township,  1884. 

Graham,  a  township  of  ClenrDcld  co.,  Pa.,  bounded  N. 
by  tho  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna.  Pop.  638.  Gra- 
ham Station  is  on  the  Tyrone  &  Cloarfleld  Railroad,  15 
miles  S.E.  of  Clearfield. 

Graham,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Young  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  Brazos  River,  86  miles  W.N.W.  of  Fort  Worth.  It  has 
6  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  2  national  banks,  a  flouring- 
mill.  a  saw-mill,  and  salt-works.     Pop.  in  1890,  667. 

Graham  Island,  in  British  Columbia,  is  the  largest 
of  tho  Queen  Charlotte  Islands,  separated  on  the  N.  by 
Dixon's  Entrance  from  the  S.E.  angle  of  Alaska. 

Graham  Island,  Mediterranean.    8co  Ferdinavdea, 

(•raham  Lake,  a  post-township  of  Noblo  co.,  Minn., 
on  Graham  Lake,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Horsey.     Pop.  192. 

Graham  Land,  a  tract  of  elevated  land,  in  tho  Ant- 
arctic Ocean,  stretching  from  lat.  63°  to  68°  S.  and  Ion. 
61°  to  68°  W.     Discovered  by  Biscoo  in  1832. 

Graham  Mines,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kanawha  co.,  AV.Va., 
on  Elk  River,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Charleston.  It  has  a  manu- 
factory of  salt-barrels. 

Graham  Peak,  or  Mount  Graham,  a  peak  in  the 
S.E.  part  of  Arizona,  near  lat.  .32°  36'  N.  and  Ion.  109°  50' 
W.     Its  altitude  is  about  10,400  feet  above  tho  sea-level. 

Graham's,  a  station  in  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Kansas  City  A  Northern  Railroad,  14  miles  N.W.  of 
St.  Louis. 

Graham's,  a  station  in  Clinton  co.,  Pa.,  on  tho  Phil- 
adelphia A  Erie  Railroad,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Look  Haven. 

Graham's,  a  post-village  of  Barnwell  co.,  S.C.,  9  miles 
by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Blackville.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  366. 

Graham's  Creek,  or  Graham's  Fork,  of  Indian!>> 
rises  in  Ripley  co.,  runs  southwestward,  and  enters  tho 
Muscatatuck  at  the  N.E.  extremity  of  Washington  co. 

Graham's  Forge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wythe  co.,  Va.,  6 
miles  S.E.  of  Max  Meadows.  It  has  a  church,  2  iron- 
furnaces,  a  roUing-uiill,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  nail-fiictory. 

Graham's  Road,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co.,  Prince 
Edward  Island,  28  miles  from  Charlottctown.     Pop.  150. 

Gra'hamstown,a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Renfrew, 
3  miles  S.E.  of  Paisley.  It  forms  part  of  tho  town  of 
Barrhead.  Pop.  1000.  QRAnAMSTOWN  is  tho  name  also  of 
a  suburb  of  Falkirk.     Pop.  2518. 

Graham's  Town,  a  town  of  Cape  Colony,  South 
Africa.  Lat.  33°  19'  S.;  Ion.  26°  31'  E.  It  is  the  seat  of 
an  Anglican  bishop  and  of  courts  for  the  E.  division  of  the 
colony.     Pop.  in  1875,  6903;  in  1891,  10,436. 

Graham's  Tnrn'out,  a  post-village  of  Barnwell  co., 
S.C.,  on  the  South  Carolina  Railroad,  81  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Charleston.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Gra'hamsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Fla.,  on 
the  navigable  Ocklawaha  River.     It  has  a  seminary. 

Grahamsville,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co..  N.Y.,  in 
Neversink  township,  near  Rondout  Creek,  40  miles  N.W. 
of  Newburg.     It  has  3  churches  and  2  tanneries. 

Grahamsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  eo.,  0.,  in 
Scioto  township,  about  25  miles  N.E.  of  Portsmouth. 

Grahamsville,  a  post-village  in  Peel  co.,  Ontario,  2 
miles  N.W.  of  Jlalton.     Pop.  100. 

Gra'haniton,  a  village  of  Meade  co.,  Ky.,  on  Otter 
Creek,  30  miles  S.S.W.  of  Louisville,  and  .3»miles  W.  of  Tip 
Top.     It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  cotton-mill,  and  a  saw-*iill. 

Grahamton,  a  post-hamlct  of  Clearfield  eo.,  Pa.,  in 
Graham  township,  2i  miles  from  Bigler  Station.  It  has  a 
grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Gra'hamville,  a  post-office  of  York  co..  Pa. 

Grahamville,  a  post-village  of  Beaufort  co.,  S.C.,  1 
mile  from  (Jraharaville  Station  on  the  Savannah  A  Charles- 
ton Railroad.  It  has  2  churches.  Grahamville  Station  is 
37  miles  N.  of  Savannah. 

Graig,  a  hamlet  of  England.    See  Graeo. 

Graiguc,  grig,  a  town  of  Ireland,  Queen's  co.,  on  the 
Barrow,  opposite  Carlow. 

Graigue,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kilkenny,  on  tho 
Barrow,  5  miles  S.  of  Gorcsbridge.     Pop.  2?48. 

Grain  Coast,  West  Africa,  is  that  portion  of  Guinea 
W.  of  the  Ivory  Coast,  and  extending  between  lat.  4°  and  7" 
N.  and  Ion.  7°  and  11°  E.  It  comprises  tho  greater  part 
of  the  republic  of  Liberia,  and  took  its  name  from  its  former 
trade  in  "  grains  of  I'aradise,"  or  malaguctta  pepper. 

Graine,  Isle  of,  England.    See  Isle  op  (Jraink. 

Grain'ger,  or  Gran'ger,  a  county  of  East  Tennessee 


GRA 


1295 


dRA 


has  an  area  of  about  300  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.AV.  by  Clinch  River,  and  on  the  S.  by  Holston  River. 
The  surface  is  diversified  by  a  high  ridge,  called  Clinch 
Mountain,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil 
of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  pork,  and 
grass  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  minerals  is  iron 
ore.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Knoxville,  Cumberland  Gap 
&  Louisville  Railroad.  Cajiital,  Rutledge.  Pop.  in  1870, 
12,421;  in  1880,  12,381;  in  1890,  18,196. 

Grainland,  California.     See  Davto.v. 

Grain'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  oo.,  Iowa,  in 
Jackson  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific 
Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  AUerton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Graissessac,  griV5s'sik',  a  village  of  France,  in  He- 
rault,  107  miles  S.W.  of  Ntraes.   It  has  coal-mines.    P.  2632. 

Graitney,  a  village  of  Scotland.     See  Gretna  Green. 

(•raivoron,  Grajworon,  or  Hrajworon,  gra-vo- 
ron',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Koorsk,  40  miles  W. 
by  S.  of  Biclgorod.     Pop.  4656. 

Gr^al  de  Campos,  gri-nil'  di  kim'poce,  a  town 
of  Spain,  province  and  35  miles  S.E.  of  Leon.     Pop.  1233. 

Grajehn,  grd-zhA-hoo',  a  river  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Mitranhao,  joins,  the  Miarim,  after  a  course  of  240  miles. 

Griyewo,  gri-yA'^o,  a  small  town  of  Poland,  province 
and  25  miles  S.W.  of  Augustovo.      Pop.  1140. 

Gramat,  gri'mi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Lot,  27  miles 
N.K.  of  Cahors,  on  the  Alzon.     Pop.  2040. 

Grammichele,  grim-me-kA'14,  or  Granmicheli, 
grin-me-kA'Iee,  a  town  of  Sicily,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Catania. 
Pon.  10,192. 

Grammont,  grim'mis"',  or  Geertsbergen,  nirts'- 
bJllG^Qn  (Flemish,  Geeradshergen,  Hi'rids-bfiBO^en),  a  town 
of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanders,  at  a  railway  junction,  on  the 
Dender,  21  i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ghent.  Pop.  8867.  It  was 
founded  and  originally  fortified  in  1068.  It  has  a  college, 
manufactures  of  cotton  yarn,  lace,  linen  and  woollen  fabrics, 
paper,  and  snufiF,  and  bleaching-  and  dye-works. 

Gram'pian  Hills,  a  post-office  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa., 
is  at  Pennsville. 

Grampians,  gram'pe-anz,  a  mountain-chain  in  Scot- 
land, separating  the  Highlands  from  the  Lowlands.  Their 
limits  may  be  said  to  stretch  from  the  W.  coast  of  Argyle- 
shire  and  Dumbartonshire  northeastward  across  the  island, 
terminating,  on  the  E.  and  N.E.  coast  of  the  counties  of 
Aberdeen  and  Banff,  in  two  branches,  running  on  each  side 
of  the  river  Dee.  General  aspect  wild  and  rugged,  especi- 
ally on  the  N.  side;  on  the  S.  acclivity  the  slopes  are  gentler, 
the  pasture  finer,  and  the  numerous  defiles  which  indent 
the  range  often  present  scenes  of  the  most  romantic  beauty. 
The  streams  flowing  from  the  N.  side  are  mostly  afi^ucnts 
of  the  Findhorn,  Spey,  Don,  and  Dee;  those  on  the  S.  join 
the  Forth,  Tay,  and  South  Esk.  The  loftiest  summits  are 
Ben  Nevis,  Ben  Macdhui,  Cairngorm,  Cairntoul,  Schihal- 
lion,  Ben  Aven,  Ben  Lawers,  Ben  More,  and  Ben  Lomond. 

Grampians,  a  mountain-range  of  Australia,  in  Vic- 
toria, stretching  crescentwise  N.  and  S.  between  lat.  36°  52' 
and  37°  38'  S.  and  Ion.  142°  25'  and  142°  47'  E.,  bounding 
eastward  the  basin  of  the  Glcnelg  and  its  affluents.  Height 
of  Mount  William,  its  loftiest  peak,  3827  feet.  To  the 
N.E.  the  range  merges  into  another,  called  the  Pyrenees. 

Gram'pound,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Cornwall,  on 
Khe  Fal,  here  crossed  by  a  fine  stone  bridge  (whence  the 
name  Orandpont,  i.e.,  "  great  bridge"),  14  miles  N.E.  of 
Falmouth.     Pop.  478. 

Gran,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  Gkane. 

Gran,  grin  (Hun.  Oaram,  gohVim';  Slav.  Hron,  ron),. 
a  navigable  river  of  Northwestern  Hungary,  joins  the  Dan- 
ube opposite  Gran.     Length,  130  miles. 

Gran,  grin  (Hun.  Exztergom,  Ss'tStt^gom^ ;  Lat.  Stri- 
gonin),  a  royal  free  city  of  Hungary,  capital  of  the  county 
of  the  same  name,  on  the  Danube,  opposite  the  influx  of  the 
Gran,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Buda.  It  was  once  the  finest  city  of 
Hungary,  and  is  still  the  residence  of  its  Catholic  primate  (an 
archbishop).  The  chief  edifice  is  a  superb  cathedral  in  the 
Italian  style,  the  most  magnificent  modern  building  in  Hun- 
gary, occupying,  with  the  archbishop's  palace  and  chapter- 
house, a  precipitous  height,  formerly  the  site  of  a  fortress. 
Gran  has  2  other  Roman  Catholic  churches,  a  Greek  church, 
town  and  council  halls,  a  hospital  for  poor  citizens,  and  a 
Roman  Catholic  gymnasium.  Its  inhabitants  weave  and 
dye  woollen  goods,  but  its  trade  is  chiefly  in  wine,  P.  8789. 
The  county  has  an  area  of  432  square  miles.     Pop.  67,024. 

Grana,  gri'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  prov- 
ince and  10  miles  S.  of  Casale.     Pop.  1537. 

Graiia,  grln'yi,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Corunna,  and  near  the  mouth  of  its  harbor,  on  the 
river  Ferrol, 


Granada,  gri-nl'da  (Sp.  pron.  gri-ni'ni;  anc.  Jlltb'- 
eris ;  L.  Grana' ta ;  Fr.  Grenade,  gr^h-nld'),  a  city  of 
Spain,  in  Andalusia,  capital  of  a  province  and  formerly  of 
a  kingdom  of  its  own  name,  beautifully  situated  partly  on 
two  spurs  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  and  partly  on  the  flat  be- 
tween them  forming  the  extremity  of  the  rich  plain  of  Vega, 
and  on  the  Genii.  Lat.  37°  18'  N. ;  Ion.  3°  50'  W.  Being 
about  2500  feet  above  the  sea,  and  snowy  mountains  forming 
the  background,  the  city  possesses  an  air  of  delicious  fresh- 
ness even  in  the  hottest  seasons.  In  the  time  of  the  Moors 
Granada  was  surrounded  by  lofty  walls  flanked  by  1030 
towers,  and  was  entered  by  20  gates.  The  most  of  these 
have  disappeared,  and  the  town  is  now  open.  It  is  divided 
into  four  quarters, — Alhambra,  a  celebrated  fortress  and 
palace,  occupying  one  of  the  hills,  Albaicin,  a  suburb,  occu- 
pying another,  Antequeruela,  another  suburb,  the  residence 
chiefly  of  the  working  classes,  and  the  town  proper,  cover- 
ing the  space  between  the  two  hills,  and  extending  into  the 
plains.  Fountains  and  gardens,  spacious  squares,  and  hand- 
some mansions  are  seen  in  many  quarters,  and  even  where 
the  houses  are  of  an  inferior  description  their  antiquity 
and  Oriental  structure  make  it  impossible  to  view  them  with- 
out interest ;  but  the  greater  part  of  the  streets  are  extremely 
narrow  and  tortuous.  The  most  remarkable  buildings  a>-e 
the  Alhambra,  an  immense  Moorish  structure,  of  rather 
forbidding  exterior,  but  within  gorgeous  almost  beyond  de- 
scription, partly  remaining  as  the  Moors  left  it,  with  its 
splendid  Court  of  Lions,  and  partly  occupied  by  an  un- 
finished palace,  commenced  by  Charles  V.;  the  cathedral, 
a  heavy  and  irregular  building,  profusely  ornamented,  and 
surmounted  by  a  dome  resting  on  12  arches,  and  containing 
in  the  adjoining  royal  chapel  fine  monuments  of  Ferdinand 
and  Isabella;  the  church  of  Nuestra  Senora  de  las  Angus- 
tias,  with  two  beautiful  towers  and  a  splendid  high  altar; 
the  church  of  San  Jos6,  a  modern  edifice ;  the  old  Carthusian 
convent,  finely  situated  on  a  height  in  the  suburbs,  and 
adorned  with  paintings  by  Cano,  Murillo,  and  Morales;  the 
monastery  of  San  Geronimo;  the  Gcneralife,  a  beautiful 
Moorish  palace,  surrounded  by  fountains  and  gardens ;  the 
episcopal  palace,  the  general  hospital,  college,  ifec. 

The  manufactures  of  silk  and  of  sail-cloth,  once  very  im- 
portant, were  almost  extinguished  by  the  loss  of  Spanish 
America  and  the  annihilation  of  the  Spanish  fleet;  and  the 
only  manufacture  now  deserving  of  notice  is  that  of  coarse 
woollens,  still  carried  on  to  a  considerable  extent  in  the 
suburb  of  Albaicin.  The  trade  is  insignificant.  Granada 
is  the  see  of  an  archbishop,  the  residence  of  a  captain-gen- 
eral and  of  civil  and  military  provincial  authorities,  and 
the  seat  of  several  courts  of  law.  It  was  first  founded  by 
the  Moors  in  the  tenth  century,  near  the  site  of  the  ancient 
Illiherts,  and  belonged  to  the  kingdom  of  Cordova.  In 
1235  it  became  the  capital  of  a  new  kingdom,  and  attained 
to  almost  matchless  splendor.  Its  population  at  this  period 
has  been  estimated  as  high  as  700,000.  In  1491  it  re- 
mained the  last  stronghold  of  the  Moors  in  Spain,  and 
mustered  60,000  men  to  defend  itself  against  Ferdinand 
and  Isabella,  who  had  now  arrayed  against  the  town  the 
flower  and  strength  of  their  united  kingdoms,  and  who  took 
possession  of  it  in  1492.  The  great  body  of  its  inhabitants 
still  were  Moors,  and  its  prosperity  continued  almost  with- 
out diminution  till  1510,  when  the  decree  was  issued  for 
expelling  the  Moors  from  all  parts  of  Spain,  upon  which  it 
sank,  and  has  never  recovered.     Pop.  76,005. 

Granada,  a  province,  part  of  the  former  kingdom  of  the 
same  name,  in  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  bounded  on  the  S.  by 
the  Mediterranean.  It  is  rich  in  minerals,  and  has  a  fruit- 
ful soil.  Area,  4918  square  miles.  Pop.  485,346.  Capital, 
Granada.  The  kingdom  of  Granada,  the  last  possession  of 
the  Moors  in  Spain,  was  conquered  by  Ferdinand  and  Isa- 
bella in  1492. 

Granada,  gri-nl'dJ,  a  city  of  Nicaragua,  capital  of  a 
province  of  the  same  name,  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Nicaragua, 
on  the  N.W.  shore  of  the  lake.  It  is  well  built,  having 
handsome  streets  and  public  edifices ;  the  latter  comprise 
several  fine  churches.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  flourishing  trade 
in  cacao,  indigo,  wool,  and  hides,  which  are  exported  in 
boats  by  the  river  San  Juan  to  Greytown.  It  is  a  noted 
seat  of  the  manufacture  of  gold-wire  chains.     Pop.  15,000. 

Granada,  or  Grenada,  gra-n&'d&,  a  post-village  of 
Prowers  co..  Col.,  on  the  Arkansas  River,  and  on  the  At- 
chison, Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Railroad,  17  miles  E.  of  Lamar. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  graded  school.  Pop.  163.  It  is  the 
shipping-point  for  New  Mexico. 

Granada,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Nemaha  co., 
Kansas,  about  50  miles  N.  of  Topeka.  It  has  3  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  394. 

Granada,  New,  South  America.    See  Colombia. 


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1296 


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Granadelta,  gri-ni-D4l'y&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
ftnd  17  uuIm  S.B.  of  Lerida,  N.  of  the  Ebro.     Pop.  1969. 

Grauadilla,  gr&-a&-i>eol'y&,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
IBM  and  70  miles  N.  of  Caoores.     Fop.  835. 

CSranadillu,  a  town  in  the  Spanish  colony  of  the  Ca- 
naries, on  the  S.  side  of  TunerifiTe.     Pop.  1587. 

Gran^ard',  a  town  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Longford,  59  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Dublin.     Pop.  1811. 

Granatuia,  gri-ni-too'l&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
Mid  13  miles  S.E.  of  Ciudivd  Ileal.     Pop.  2474. 

Gran'borough,  or  Neil's  Corners,  a  post-village 
In  Shofford  CO.,  Quebec,  5  miles  S.  of  Granby.     Pop.  100. 

Gran  BrctaAa,  or  Gran  Brettagna.    See  Qreat 

BUITAIN. 

Granbury,  gran'b^r-o,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hood 
CO.,  Tex.,  on  the  Ilraios  River,  27  miles  S.W.  of  Fort  Worth. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  and  a 
money-order  post-office.    Pop.  in  1890,  1164. 

Granbury's,  a  station  in  Harris  oo.,  Qa.,  on  the  North 
k  South  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Hamilton. 

Gran'by,  a  post-village  of  Hartford  co..  Conn.,  in 
Granby  township,  on  the  Now  Haven  Jb  Northampton  Rail- 
road, 47  miles  N.  of  New  Haven,  and  about  16  miles  N.N. W. 
of  Hartford.  It  has  4  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  manu- 
factory of  ivory,  bone,  Ac.     Pop.  of  township,  (1890)  1251. 

Granby,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Hampshire  co., 
Mass.,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Springfield.  The  township  has 
2  churches,  a  fire-insurance  company,  and  some  manufac- 
tures.    Pop.  812. 

Granby,  a  post-village  of  Nicollet  oo.,  Minn.,  in 
Granby  township,  on  Swan  Lalce,  about  18  miles  N.W.  of 
llanl^ato.     Pop.  of  the  township,  783. 

Granby,  a  post-village  of  Newton  co.,  Mo.,  in  Granby 
township,  on  the  St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  Railroad,  8 
miles  N.E.  of  Noosho,  and  65  miles  W.S.W.  of  Springfield. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  public  school,  smelting-works,  and 
several  lead-furnaces.  Lead  is  mined  near  it.  Pop.  in 
1890,  HOO;  of  the  township,  2616. 

Granby,  a  township  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  4173. 
It  contains  Oswego  Falls. 

Granby,  a  post-township  of  Essex  co.,  Vt.    Pop.  174. 

Gran'by,  a  village  in  Shefford  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Ya- 
maska  River,  and  on  the  Stanstcad,  Shefford  &  Chambly 
Railway,  29  miles  E.  by  N.  of  St.  Johns.  It  has  good 
water-power,  5  saw-mills,  a  grist-mill,  a  tannery,  a  brewery, 
4  churches,  2  hotels,  16  stores,  and  2  weekly  newspapers 
(1  English  and  1  French).     Pop.  876. 

Granby  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  2 
miles  from  Fulton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Gran  Canaria,  grin  ki-ni're-d,  an  island  near  the 
centre  of  the  group  of  the  Canaries,  of  a  circular  form. 
Area,  758  square  miles.  Pop.  67,625.  Length,  from  S.W. 
to  N.E.,  35  miles;  at  the  N.E.  point  a  portion  detached 
from  the  mass  is  joined  by  a  peninsula.  The  surface  is 
mountainous;  the  culminating  point.  El  Cumbre,  is  6648 
feet  in  elevation.    Chief  city,  Las  Palmas. 

Gran  Chaco,  South  America.    See  El  Gran  Chaco. 

Grand,  gr5N»,  a  market-town  of  France,  department  of 
Vosges,  9  miles  W.  of  Ncufchateau.     Pop.  1270. 

Grand,  a  large  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Colorado,  bor- 
ders on  Wyoming.  It  is  drained  by  the  North  Platte, 
Grand,  and  Laramie  Rivers,  which  all  rise  within  its  limits. 
The  surface  is  mountainous,  and  partly  covered  with  forests 
of  fir,  pine,  Ac.  Long's  Peak  stands  on  its  eastern  border. 
This  county  comprises  the  Middle  Park  and  the  North 
Park,  which  are  described  in  separate  articles.  Nearly  all 
the  sedimentary  rocks,  cretaceous,  Triassic,  Jurassic,  car- 
boniferous, Ac,  are  developed  here.  Capital,  Hot  Sulphur 
Springs.  Gold  and  silver  are  found  in  this  county.  Area, 
2100  square  miles.     Pop.  in  1880,  417  ;  in  1890,  604. 

Grand  Anse,  grJxd  ftxss,  a  post-village  in  Riclimond 
00.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  Lennox  Passage,  Cape  Breton  Island, 
21  miles  E.  of  Port  Hawkesbury.  Pop.  250.  The  name  is 
also  sometimes  given  to  Pleasant  Bay. 

Grandas-de-Salime,  griln'dis  di  si-lee'mi,  a  vil- 
lage of  Snain,  province  and  54  miles  W.S.W.  of  Oviedo. 

Grand  Auglaize  River,  Missouri.    See  Auglaize. 

Grand  Aunce,  grfi.Nd  5nss,  a  post- village  in  Gloucester 
CO.,  New  Brunswick,  on  the  B.ay  of  Chaleurs,  29  miles  N.E. 
of  Bathurst.     Pop.  700. 

Grand  Bahama,  ba-hi'ma,  one  of  the  principal 
islands  of  the  Bahama  group,  57  miles  E.  from  the  coast  of 
Florida.  Lat.  (W.  end)  26°  41'  N.;  Ion.  79°  0'  W.  It  is 
about  70  miles  long  by  9  miles  brood,  healthy  and  tolerably 
fertile,  but  thinly  inhabited.     Pop.  853. 

Grand  Bank,  a  submarine  plateau  extending  some 
850  miles  eastward  from  Newfoundland,  and  covered  by 


waters  varying  in  depth  from  30  to  60  fathoms.  It  it 
supposed  by  some  savants  to  have  been  chieily  formed 
by  means  of  icebergs  bringing  masses  of  stone  and  earth 
from  the  gitvciers  of  the  Arctic  coast.  These  icebergs  are 
melted  by  the  influence  of  the  Gulf  Stream,  and  their  bur- 
den of  earth  and  gravel  falls  to  the  sea-bottom.  The  Grand 
Bank  is  much  vi.-tited  by  cod-fishing  vessels.  It  is  a  part 
of  the  so-called  Telegraphic  Plateau.  Its  breadth  from  N. 
to  S.  is  estimated  at  275  miles. 

Grand  Bank,  a  poet-town  and  port  of  entry  of  New- 
foundland, on  the  S.  side  of  Fortune  Bay,  4  miles  from 
Fortune.     It  has  a  considerable  trade  and  fishery.     P.  740. 

Grand  Bassam,  Africa.     See  Bassam. 

Grand  Bay,  a  post-village  of  Mobile  oo.,  Ala.,  on  the 
New  Orleans  A  Mobile  Railroad,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Mobile, 
and  4  miles  from  Grand  Bay,  which  is  a  ]>art  of  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico.     It  has  2  churches  and  1  or  2  lumber-mills. 

Grand  Bay,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick, 11  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  St.  John.     Pop.  100. 

Grand  Bay  (Fr.  Grande- liaie,  grbtf-hi,),  Saint 
Alexis,  si.st  &Mdk^8ee',  or  Ha  Ha  Bay,  a  post-village 
in  Chicoutimi  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Saguenay  River,  60  miles 
from  its  mouth.  The  bay  here  is  over  a  mile  wide,  and 
about  100  fathoms  deep.  The  name  Ha  Ha  Bay  was  given 
to  it  by  its  early  discoverers,  and  it  is  a  great  source  of 
attraction  to  tourists  during  the  summer  months.  The  vil- 
lage of  Grand  Bay  contains  several  stores  and  saw-mills, 
and  has  a  large  trade  in  lumber.  Vessels  load  here  direct 
for  England.     Pop.  300. 

Grand  Blanc,  a  post-village  of  Genesee  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Grand  Blanc  township,  on  Thread  Creek,  and  on  the  Flint 
A  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  7  or  8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Flint. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  carriage-shop,  Ac.  Pop.  about  300 ; 
of  the  township,  (1890)  1430. 

Grand  Bluff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Panola  co.,  Tex.,  on 
Sabine  River,  21  miles  S.  of  Marshall.     It  has  a  church. 

Grand-Bornand,  gr&N<>-boR'nA^-»',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Haute-Savoie,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Annecy.     Pop.  187. 

Grand'Bourg,  gr6x<'-boon,  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Creuse,  12  miles  W.  of  Gu6ret.     Pop.  663. 

Grand-Bourg,  gr6N»-booR,  a  town  of  the  West  In- 
dies, chief  town  of  the  French  island  of  Marie-Galante.  Its 
roadstead  is  somewhat  difficult  of  access.  It  has  several 
public  buildings,  a  light-house,  and  some  trade.     P.  6992. 

Grand  Brule,  Quebec.    See  Laterrikrb. 

Grand  Caillou  Bayou,  k&Vyoo'  bl'oo,  Louisiana, 
rises  near  Ilouma,  runs  southward  and  southwestward  in 
Terre  Bonne  parish,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  through 
Lake  Caillou,  after  a  course  of  45  miles  through  rich  sugar- 
plantations.     Large  vessels  can  ascend  it  25  miles. 

Grand  CaPumet',  an  island  of  Canada,  in  the  river 
Ottawa,  7  miles  above  Portage  du  Fort.  Area,  30,200 
acres.     Pop.  1080. 

Grand  Canary  Island.    See  Gran  Canaria. 

Grand  Cayman,  ki-min',  the  largest  of  the  isles 
called  Caymans,  British  West  Indies,  is  17  miles  long  and 
from  4  to  7  broad,  well  wooded,  and  surrounded  by  reefs. 

Grand  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Osborne  co.,  Kansas. 

Grand  Cess,  a  town  of  Liberia,  belonging  to  the  Kroo- 
men,  on  the  coast.  It  consists  of  a  large  number  of  thatched 
huts,  and  its  people  are  engaged  in  maritime  pursuits. 

Grand  Chain,  a  station  of  Pulaski  co..  III.,  on  the 
Cairo  A  Vincennes  Railroad,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cairo.  Pop. 
about  200.    See,  also,  Nev;  Grand  Chain. 

Grand-Champ,  grAN<>-sb4N»,  a  town  of  France,  in 
Morbihan,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Vannes.     Pop.  668. 

Grand  Chariton  River.    See  Chariton  River. 

Grand  Chcnier,  shA-neer',  a  post-village  of  Cameron 
parish,  La.,  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  90  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Galveston.     It  has  a  church. 

Grand  Chute,  shute,  a  township  of  Outagamie  co., 
Wis.     Pop.,  exclusive  of  the  city  of  Appleton,  1653. 

Grana  Combe,  France.    See  La  Grande  Combe. 

Grand  Coteau,  koHo',  a  post-village  of  St.  Landry 
parish,  La.,  about  10  miles  S.  of  Opelousas.  It  is  the  scat 
of  St.  Charles  College  (Catholic),  has  a  convent,  and  about 
10  general  stores.     Pop.  470. 

Grandcour,  gr6N»'kooR',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton of  Vaud,  near  the  Lake  of  Neufchiltol,  28  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Lausanne. 

Grand  Cross'ing,  a  post-village  of  Cook  co..  III.,  on 
the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Lake  Shore 
A  Michigan  Southern  and  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  A 
Chicago  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Chicago  (4  miles  from  the 
city  limit).  It  is  a  part  of  the  village  of  Hyde  Park.  It 
has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  sewing- 
machines  and  furniture. 


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Grand  D6sert,  a  French  name  for  the  Sahara. 
Grand  Detour,  d4-toor',  a  post-village  of  Ogle  cc, 
111.,  in  Grand  Detour  township,  on  Rock  River,  6  miles 
(12  miles  by  water)  N.E.  of  Dixon,  to  which  place  a  steam- 
boat plies  hence.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  and 
manufactures  of  butter  and  cheese.  Pop.  about  400  j  of 
the  township,  605. 

Grande-Aa,  a  river  of  Belgium.    See  Aa. 
Grande- Uaie,  Canada.    See  Grand  Bay. 
Grande  Bate,  West  Indies.    See  Philipsburg. 
Grande  Bretagne.    See  Great  Britain. 
Grand  Ed'dy,  a  post-ofSce  of  Perry  co.,  Mo. 
Grande  Gaspar.    See  Gaspar  Grande. 
Grande  Greve,  grftxd  griv,  a  post-village  in  Gasp6 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  N.  side  of  Gaspe  Bay,  18  miles  S.E.  of 
Gaspe  Basin.     It  contains  a  saw-mill  and  2  stores,  and  is  a 
large  fishery  station.     Pop.  100. 

Grande  Ilha,  Brazil.  See  Ilha  Grande. 
Grande  Island.  See  Cape  Verd  Islands. 
Grande  Isle  (Fr.  pron.  gr6Nd  eel),  an  island  in  the 
river  St.  Lawrence,  between  Lakes  St.  Louis  and  St.  Francis, 
4i  miles  long  by  li  miles  broad.  It  divides  the  St.  Law- 
rence into  two  channels :  that  on  the  S.  side  is  called  the 
Beauharnois  Channel,  in  the  course  of  which  are  the  rapids 
Croche,  Les  Faucilles,  and  De  Bouleau,  the  latter  both  in- 
tricate and  difficult  to  pass. 

Grande  Ligue,  grftNd  leen,  or  Cole'brook,  a  post- 
village  in  St.  Johns   co.,  Quebec,  on   the   Grand   Trunk 
Railway  (Champlain  division),  33  miles  S.S.E.  of  Montreal, 
and  near  the  river  Richelieu.     It  contains  2  stores,  a  hotel, 
and  a  French  Protestant  college.     Pop.  400. 
Grande  Rio,  Brazil.    See  Rio  Grande. 
Grande  llonde,  in  Union  co.,  Oregon,  a  fertile  and 
pleasant  valley,  containing  275,000  acres  of  arable  land.    It 
is  surrounded  by  well-timbered  mountains,  is  about  20  miles 
long  agjd  18  wide,  and  contains  La  Grande,  Orodell,  Summer- 
villc,  Cove,  Sand  Ridge,  Uniontown,  and  Catharine  Creek. 
.  Grande  Ronde,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  Oregon, 
about  28  miles  W.  of  Salem.     Here  is  an  Indian  agency. 

Grande  Ronde  River,  Oregon,  rises  in  the  Blue 
Mountains,  in  Umatilla  co.,  runs  northeastward  through 
Union  CO.,  and  enters  the  Snake  or  Lewis  River  about  12 
miles  from  the  extreme  N.E.  part  of  Oregon.  It  is  nearly 
175  miles  long. 

Grande-Terre,  grftNd-tSrr,  a  French  island  of  the 
West  Indies,  lying  E.  of  Guadeloupe,  and  separated  from 
that  island  by  a  navigable  but  narrow  strait,  the  Riviere 
Salee.  It  is  30  miles  long  and  12  broad,  and,  unlike  Gua- 
deloupe, is  low,  flat,  fertile,  and  based  upon  coral  rocks. 
Chief  town.  La  Pointe-i-Pitre.  This  island  is  regarded  as 
a  part  of  Guadeloupe. 

Grande  Terre,  Louisiana.  See  Grand  Isle  and 
Fort  Livingston. 

Grande  Vall6e,  gr6Nd  virii',  a  post-village  in  Gasp6 
CO.,  Quebec,  68  miles  E.  of  Ste.  Anne  des  Monts.  Pop.  318. 
Grand  Falls,  or  Cole'brooke,  a  post-town  of  New 
Brunswick,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Victoria,  on  the  St.  John 
River,  and  on  the  Fredericton  &  Riviere  du  Loup  Railway, 
202  miles  N.W.  of  St.  John,  and  116  miles  S.E.  of  Riviere 
du  Loup.  It  contains,  besides  the  county  buildings,  several 
hotels,  3  stores,  a  tannery,  and  saw- and  grist-mills.  In  the 
immediate  vicinity  the  river  St.  John  falls  precipitously  a 
height  of  180  feet.  Over  this  fall  is  a  handsome  suspension- 
bridge.     Pop.  700. 

Grandfather  Mountain,  of  North  Carolina,  is  an 
isolated  mass  of  land  in  Watauga  co.,  rising  N.N.E.  of 
Mount  Mitchell,  to  the  height  of  5897  feet  above  the  sea. 

Grand-Fontaine,gr6No^-f6N»Hin',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Vosges,  arrondissemcnt  of  Saint-Die.     Pop.  974. 

Grand  Forks,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  North 
Dakota,  borders  on  Minnesota.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
the  Red  River  of  the  North.  Timber  is  scarce  in  this  county. 
Capital,  Grand  Forks.  Pop.  in  1880,  6245  ;  in  1890,  18.357. 
Grand  Forks,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Grand  Forks 
CO.,  N.D.,  on  the  Red  River  of  the  North,  opposite  the 
mouth  of  Red  Lake  River,  and  at  the  intersection  of  two 
railroads,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Crookston.  It  has  12  churches, 
4  banks,  a  university,  public  schools,  flour-  and  lumber- 
mills,  and  9  newspaper  offices.  Pop.  in  1880,  1705 ;  in 
1890,  4979. 

Grand  Glaise  (or  Glaze),  a  post-office  and  station 
in  Jackson  co..  Ark.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  <fc 
Southern  Railroad,  72  miles  N.E.  of  Little  Rock. 

Grand  Gorge,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Roxbury  township,  |  of  a  mile  from  Grand  Gorge  Station, 
and  about  45  miles  S.W.  of  Albany.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
Bash-  and  blind- factory,  and  a  planing-mill. 


Grand  Gulf,  a  post-village  of  Claiborne  co.,  Miss.,  oa 
the  Mississippi,  1  mile  below  the  mouth  of  the  Big  Black, 
and  25  miles  by  land  S.S.W.  of  Vicksburg.  It  has  4  churches. 
It  is  connected  by  railroad  with  Port  Gibson.     Pop.  190. 

Grand  Har'bor,  a  post-village  in  Charlotte  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  island  of  Grand  Manan,  51  miles  S.  by 
E.  of  St.  Andrews.     Pop.  300. 

Grand  Ha'ven,  a  post-hamlet  of  Osage  co.,  Kansas,  10 
miles  from  Burlingame. 

Grand  Haven,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich., 
is  on  Lake  Michigan,  and  on  the  S.  bank  of  Grand  River 
(which  here  enters  the  lake),  about  86  miles  by  water  E. 
of  Milwaukee,  and  112  miles  N.E.  of  Chicago.  By  railroad 
it  is  31  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Grand  Rapids,  and  14  miles  S.  of 
Muskegon.  It  is  on  the  Chicago  <fc  West  Michigan  Railroad, 
and  is  the  W.  terminus  of  the  Detroit  &  Milwaukee  Rail- 
road. It  has  a  good  harbor,  formed  by  the  mouth  of  the 
river,  here  20  to  30  feet  deep.  Large  quantities  of  fruit, 
celery,  Ac,  are  shipped  here  in  steamboats.  Two  light- 
houses have  been  erected  here.  Grand  Haven  contains  a 
court-house,  1 1  churches,  Akeley  Institute  for  girls,  a  high 
school,  a  national  bank,  2  first-class  hotels,  several  large 
manufactories,  a  tannery,  a  pail-  and  kit-factory,  a  match- 
factory,  a  foundry,  a  furniture-factory,  an  engine-factory, 
a  refrigerator-factory,  and  a  celebrated  magnetic  spring, 
which  is  a  summer  resort.  Two  or  3  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  5023. 

Grandin,  a  post-f  illage  of  Cass  co.,  N.D.,  27  miles  by 
rail  N.  by  W.  of  Fargo.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  <fcc.     Pop.  about  300. 

Grand  Island,  a  post-hamlet  of  Colusa  co.,  Cal.,  on 
Sacramento  River,  about  22  miles  W.  of  Marysville. 

Grand  Island,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hall  co.,  Neb,, 
on  the  Platte  River,  154  miles  by  mil  W.  by  S.  of  Omaha. 
It  contains  13  churches,  5  banks,  6  newspaper  offices,  a  beet- 
sugar  factory,  a  canning-factory,  <fec.  Pop.  in  1890,  7536. 
The  river  is  divided  here  into  two  channels  by  an  island 
nearly  50  miles  long. 

Grand  Island,  a  post-township  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
1072.  It  contains  Beaver  Island,  Buckhorn  Island,  and 
Grand  Island,  all  in  the  river  Niagara,  above  the  Falls. 
Area  of  Grand  Island,  18,500  acres.  It  iis  fertile  and  well 
cultivated.  Steam-ferries  connect  it  with  Tonawanda,  <fcc. 
The  township  contains  Sour  Springs,  Sheenwaterj  and  other 
summer  resorts. 

Grand  Isle,  the  most  northwestern  county  of  Ver- 
mont, borders  on  Canada.  Area,  about  80  square  miles.  It 
comprises,  besides  a  small  peninsula,  several  islands  in  Lake 
Champlain,  the  largest  of  which  is  about  10  miles  long. 
The  surface  is  undulating;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Oats,  hay, 
wool,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Vermont  Central  Railroad.  Capital,  North  Hero. 
Pop.  in  1870,  4082;  in  1880,  4124;  in  1890,  3843. 

Grand  Isle,  in  Schoolcraft  co.,  Mich.,  is  in  Lake  Supe- 
rior, near  the  S.  shore.  Length,  about  15  miles;  greatest 
breadth,  7  or  8  miles.  Between  it  and  the  mainland,  on  the 
S.E.,  is  Grand  Isle  Bay,  on  the  shore  of  which  are  the 
famous  "  Pictured  Rocks." 

Grand  Isle,  a  post-office  of  Jefiferson  parish.  La.,  on 
the  island  of  Grande  Torre,  at  the  mouth  of  Barataria  Bay. 
Here  are  a  light-house  and  a  fort  (Fort  Liringston). 

Grand  Isle,  a  post-township  of  Grand  Isle  co.,  Vt.,  is 
a  part  of  South  Hero,  an  island  in  Lake  Champlain,  8  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Plattsburg,  N.Y.,  and  about  18  miles  N.  of  Bur- 
lington. This  island  is  connected  with  the  mainland  by  a 
bridge.     Pop.  682. 

Grand  Junction,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Mesa  co.. 
Col.,  at  the  junction  of  2  railroads,  93  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of 
Glenwood  Springs.  It  has  6  churches,  2  banks,  3  newspaper 
offices,  a  cigar-factory,  and  flour-,  lumber-,  planing-,  and 
saw-mills.     Pop.  2030. 

Grand  Junction,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  Iowa, 
38  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Fort  Dodge,  60  miles  N.W.  of  Des 
Moines,  and  22  miles  W.  of  Boone.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
bank,  2  hotels,  a  newspaper  office,  a  cheese-factory,  and 
manufactures  of  wagons  and  buggies.     Pop.  932. 

Grand  Junction,  Massachusetts.    See  Cottage  Fabv. 

Grand  Junction,  a  post-hamlet  of  Van  Buren  co., 
Mich.,  11  miles  by  rail  E.  of  South  Haven,  and  29  miles  S. 
of  Holland.     It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  &c. 

Grand  Junction,  a  post-village  of  Hardeman  co., 
Tenn.,  at  the  intersection  of  the  Memphis  &  Charleston 
and  Chicago,  St.  Louis  &  New  Orleans  Railroads,  52  miles 
E.  of  Memphis,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Holly  Springs,  and  46 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Jackson.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy, 
a  number  of  stores,  and  a  steam  flouring-mill.     Pop.  460. 

Grand  Lake^  Louisiana.    See  Chetimaches  Lake. 


GRA 


1298 


^A 


Grand  Lake«or  Schoodic  (skoo'dlk)  LaUe,  Maine, 
fortui  part  of  th«  boundary  botwoon  the  United  Stntes  and 
(be  British  province  of  Now  Urunswiek.  It  is  about  25 
milM  long  and  4  miles  wide.  The  St.  Croix  River  issues 
firom  its  8.E.  end. 

Grnnd  Lnke,  a  Urge  lake  of  Washington  oo.,  Mo., 
discharging  its  waters  through  Big  Lake  and  Kennebosis 
River  into  the  St.  Croix. 

Grand  (or  Frcncuse,  frfh'nus')  Lake,  a  beautiful 
lake  of  Now  Brunswick,  in  Quoons  oo.  Length,  25  miles ; 
breadth,  S  mites.  It  has  its  outlet  in  the  river  St.  Jolin 
through  the  Jemseg  (a  small  but  deep  stream),  opposite 
Uagctown.  Trout,  gaspereaux,  and  salmon  abound  in  the 
lake  and  the  streams  flowing  into  it.  Its  principal  affluent 
is  the  Salmon  River,  navigable  from  its  mouth,  but  only  10 
miles  for  steamers,  and  for  canoos  75  miles.  Newcastle 
River  is  navigable  for  canoes  40  miles,  and  empties  into 
Qrand  Lake,  the  scenery  around  which  is  very  Doautifal. 
On  its  banks  and  the  banks  of  Salmon  and  Newcastle 
Rivers  are  extensive  veins  of  coiil.  Maqnapit  and  French 
Lakes  are  connected  with  Grand  Lake. 

Grand  Lake,  a  beautiful  lake  of  Nova  Scotia,  23 
miles  N.  of  Halifax.  It  contains  several  small  islands,  and 
forms  the  chief  source  of  supply  of  the  Shubenacadie  River. 
Length,  about  8  miles ;  breadth,  1  to  2  miles. 

Grand  Lake,  a  post-offico  of  Chicot  co.,  Ark. 

Grand  Lake,  a  station  of  Montgomery  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  International  <fc  Great  Northern  Railroad,  36  miles  N. 
of  Houston. 

Grand  Lake  Stream,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington 
eo.,  Me.,  at  tho  E.  end  and  outlet  of  Griind  Lake,  15  miles 
W.  of  Princeton.  It  has  a  large  tannery.  A  steamer  plies 
hence  to  Princeton  daily. 

Grand  Lake  Victo'ria,  a  large  lake  of  Quebec,  on 
the  Ottawa  River,  about  lat.  47°  40'  N.,  Ion.  77°  30'  W. 

Grand  Ledge,  a  post-village  of  Eaton  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Oneida  township,  on  Grand  River,  and  on  the  Detroit, 
Lansing  <t  Lake  Michigan  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  of  Lan- 
sing. It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  u 
graded  school,  a  foundry,  and  manufactures  of  sewer-pipe, 
tiles,  furniture,  flour,  Ac.     Pop.  1606. 

Grand-Lien,  gr6N"-le-uh',  a  lake  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Loire-Inferieuro,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Nantes.  Length, 
8  miles.  It  receives  the  Boulogne  and  Ognon  Rivers,  and 
discharges  itself  into  the  Loire  by  the  Acheneau. 

Grand  Ligne,  Quebec.    See  Guande  Ltgnb. 

Grand«Lnc6,  gr6No-ru*8i',  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Sarthe,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Lo  Mans.     Pop.  1142. 

Grand  Alanan,  man-an'  (or  Menan,  m?n-an'),  an 
island  off  the  easternmost  angle  of  Maine,  in  tho  co.  of 
Charlotte,  New  Brunswick.  Length,  20  miles;  average 
breadth,  about  6  miles.  It  abounds  with  valuable  timber, 
has  excellent  facilities  for  ship-building,  and  has  various 
fishing-stations  around  the  coast.  Pop.  1867.  There  is  a 
light-house  on  the  island,  lat.  44°  45'  52"  N.,  Ion.  66°  44' 
4"  W. 

Grand  Marais,  mi'ri',  a  hamlet  of  Berrien  co.,  Mich., 
on  Lake  Michigan,  2  miles  from  Stevensville  Railroad  Sta- 
tion.    It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Grand  Marais  (or  Manrais),  a  post-office  of  Cook 
CO.,  Minn.,  on  Lake  Superior,  56  miles  N.E.  of  Beaver  Bay. 

Grand  Marsh,  a  hamlet  of  Columbia  co..  Wis.,  20 
iniles  N.  of  Kilboum. 

Grand  Meadow,  mUd'o,  a  township  of  Clayton  co., 
Iowa.  Pop.  in  1875,  850.  Grand  Meadow  Station  is  on 
tho  Iowa  <fc  Minnesota  division  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  23  miles  W.  of  McGregor. 

Grand  Meadow,  a  post-village  of  Mower  co.,  Minn., 
ill  Grand  Meadow  township,  and  on  the  Southern  Minne- 
sota Railroad,  85  miles  W.  of  La  Crosse,  and  about  22  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Austin.  It  has  a  bank,  4  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  a  butter-  and  cheese-factory.    Pop.  in  1890,  373. 

Grand  Mira  North,  a  post-viliiige  in  Cape  Breton  co.. 
Nova  Scotia,  on  Mira  River,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Sydney.  P.  150. 

Grand  Monadnock.    Sec  Mosadnock  Mountain. 

Grand  Monnd,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  25  miles  W.  of  Clin- 
ton. It  stands  on  high  ground,  has  2  hotels  and  2  churches, 
and  ships  much  live-stock.     Pop.  250. 

Grand  Oc6an  Pacifique.    See  Pacific  Ocean. 

Grandola,  grin-do'l4,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Estre- 

modura,  on  the  Davino,  49  miles  S.E.  of  Lisbon.     P.  2329. 

Grand  Pabos,  pi'boce',  a  post-village  in  Gnspd  co., 

Quebec,  on  the  sea-coast,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Perc6.    Pop.  150. 

Grand  Pass,  a  post-village  of  Saline  co..  Mo.,  16  miles 

by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Marshall.     It  has  3  churches,  Ac. 

Grand  Plain,  a  station  on  the  New  Orleans  A  Mobile 


Railroad,  40  miles  B.N.E.  of  New  Orlciins,  and  near  the 
line  between  Louisiana  and  Mississippi. 

Grand  Port'agC,an  Indian  reservation  andVost-vil- 
lage  of  Cook  co.,  Minn.,  at  the  N.K.  extremity  of  the  state, 
150  miles  N.B.  of  Duluth.  It  has  a  church  and  a  custom- 
house. The  first  settlement  was  etfectod  here  200  years  ago, 
and  it  was  one  of  the  chief  hoadquartors  of  the  western 
fur-trade  for  150  years. 

Grand  Prairie,  pril'reo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  co., 
Kan.sas,  about  54  miles  N.  of  Topeka. 

Grand  Prairie,  a  post-office  of  Plaqucmino  parish, 
La.,  on  tho  Missis8i])pi,  58  miles  below  New  Orleans. 

Grand  Prairie,  a  post-township  of  Nobles  co.,  Minn. 
Pop.  122. 

Grand  Prairie,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  0.  P.  370. 

Grand  Prairie,  a  post-humlet  of  Dallas  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  Texas  A  Pacific  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Eagle  Ford,  Tex. 

Grand  Prairie,  a  post-village  of  Green  Lake  co., 
AVis.,  1  mile  S.  of  Green  Lake,  and  about  32  miles  W.  of 
Fond  du  Lac.     It  has  2  churches. 

Grand  Pr6,  grftw"  pri,  a  town  of  France,  in  Ardennes, 
on  tho  Aire,  36  miles  S.S.E.  of  M6zi6res.     Pop.  1482. 

Grand  Pr6,  gr5N»  pri,  or  Lower  Hor'ton,  a  post- 
village  in  Kings  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  Minos  Basin,  and  on 
the  AVindsor  A  Annapolis  Railway,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Wind- 
sor. It  contains  several  stores.  Pop.  about  600.  The  land 
hereabouts  is  very  rich,  mostly  reclaimed  by  dikes.  This  is 
the  scene  of  Longfellow's  "  Evangeline." 

Grand  Ranch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Palo  Pinto  co.,  Tex., 
60  miles  W.  of  Fort  Worth.     It  has  a  church. 

Grand  llap'ids,  a  township  of  La  Salle  cO.,  III. 
Pop.  1148. 

Grand  Rapids,  a  city  of  Michigan,  capital  of  Kent 
CO.,  at  the  head  of  steamboat  navigation  on  Grand  River,  at 
the  junction  of  6  railroads, — the  Chicago  A  West  Michigan, 
the  Grand  Rapids  A  Indiana,  the  Detroit,  Grand  Haven  A 
Milwaukee,  the  Grand  Rapids,  Lansing  A  Detroit,  the  Grand 
River  Valley,  and  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan  Southern. 
It  is  60  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lansing.  The  site  is  one  of  much 
natural  beauty.  The  river  here  fulls  18  feet  in  a  mile ;  and 
on  either  side  of  the  river  is  a  canal,  by  means  of  which 
numerous  mills  receive  their  motive-power.  The  sawing 
and  planing  of  pine  and  hard-wood  lumber,  and  the  man- 
ufacture of  furniture,  cooperage,  and  wooden-ware,  are  lead- 
ing industries.  Farm-implements,  iron  goods,  wire,  leather, 
flour,  machinery,  beer,  chemicals,  white  bricks,  paving- 
bricks,  cement,  stucco-plaster,  and  land-plaster  are  also  ex- 
tensively manufactured,  there  being  near  the  town  important 
gypsum-quarries.  The  town  is  generally  well  built,  and  has 
numerous  fine  public  and  private  edifices,  including  31 
churches,  many  of  them  handsomely  constructed  of  theexccl- 
lent  white  bricks  here  made.  There  are  lines  of  street  rail- 
way, a  disciplined  fire  department,  a  good  water-supply,  8 
banks  (3  national,  5  savings),  a  costly  United  States  court- 
house and  post-office,  offices  issuing  5  daily  and  11  weekly 
newspapers,  a  public  library,  and  several  substantial  publio 
school-buildings.  Grand  Rapids  is  the  seat  of  an  extensive 
trade.  Pop.  in  1860,  8025;  in  1870,  16,507;  in  1880, 
82,016  ;  in  1890,  60,278. 

Grand  Rapids,  a  post-village  of  Itasca  co.,  Minn.,  94 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Duluth.  It  has  2  churches,  2  banks, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  lumber-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  270. 

Grand  Rapids,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Maumee  River,  25  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Toledo.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  union  school,  a  foundry,  a  pulp-mill,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  a  bridge  over  the  river,  which  here  afibrds 
great  water-power.     Pop.  572. 

Grand  Rapids,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Wood  co..  Wis., 
on  the  Wisconsin  River,  96  miles  by  rail  W.  of  the  city  of 
Green  Bay,  and  about  66  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Portage  City. 
It  contains  a  court-house,  2  national  banks,  4  churches,  and 
a  high  school,  and  has  manufactures  of  lumber,  fire-bricks, 
staves,  pails,  Ac.  A  weeklj'  newspaper  is  published  here. 
Pop.  1 702.  Here  are  huge  granite  boulders  and  remarkable 
rapids  in  the  river,  which  falls  30  feet  in  the  course  of  a  mile. 

Grand  Ridge,  a  post-village  of  La  Salle  co..  III.,  on 
the  Fox  River  Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  A  Quincy 
Railroad,  8  miles  S,  of  Ottawa.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  planing-mill,  a  feed-mill,  and  manu- 
factures of  sash,  doors,  Ac.     Pop.  328. 

Grandrieu,  gr6N"Mre-uh',  a  village  of  France,  in  Lo- 
zere,  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Mende.     Pop.  1586. 

Grand  River,  a  branch  of  the  Colorado,  rises  in  Grand 
Lake,  Col.,  in  the  N.E.  part  of  the  Middle  Park,  which  it 
traverses,  flowing  in  a  W.S.W.  direction.  In  this  park  it 
runs  in  a  cnSon,  cutting  "its  way  through  an  upheaved  ridge 
of  massive  feldspathic  granite  for  3  miles  between  walls 


I 


GRA 


1299 


GRA 


from  1000  to  1500  feet  high."  Crossing  the  W,  boundary 
of  Colorado,  it  flows  southwestward  and  unites  with  the 
Green  River  in  Utah,  near  lat.  38°  15'  N.  and  Ion.  110°  W. 
It  is  about  350  miles  long.  Its  chief  tributaries  are  the 
Gunnison  and  the  Dolores. 

Grand  Ilivcr^  Louisiana,  communicates  with  the  At- 
chafalaj-a  Bayou,  runs  southeastward  through  Iberville 
parish,  and  enters  a  lake  on  or  near  the  W.  border  of  As- 
gumj)tion  parish. 

(.•rand  Kiver,  Michigan,  called  Washtenong  by  the 
Indians,  drains  part  of  Jackson  co.,  runs  northward  through 
the  counties  of  Eaton  and  Ingham  to  the  city  of  Lansing, 
thence  northwestward  to  Ionia,  below  which  its  general 
direction  is  westward.  It  intersects  Kent  and  Ottawa  cos., 
and  enters  Lake  Michigan  at  Grand  Haven.  Length,  about 
280  miles.  Steamboats  of  large  or  middle  size  ascend  it  to 
Grand  Rapids,  about  40  miles  from  the  lake. 

Grand  Iliver,  an  affluent  of  the  Missouri,  is  formed 
by  2  or  3  branches  which  rise  in  the  S.  part  of  Iowa  and 
unite  near  Albany,  in  Gentry  co..  Mo.  lit  runs  southeast- 
ward through  Daviess  and  Livingston  cos.,  and  forms  the 
boundary  between  Carroll  and  Chariton  cos.  until  it  enters 
the  Missouri  River,  about  1  mile  above  Brunswick.  Total 
length,  about  300  miles.  It  receives  from  the  left  a  large 
affluent  called  Crooked  Fork. 

Grand  River,  Missouri,  rises  near  the  W.  boundary 
of  the  state,  runs  southeastward  through  Cass  and  Henry 
COS.,  and  enters  the  Osage  River  in  Benton  co.,  about  5 
miles  above  Warsaw.     Length,  about  150  miles. 

Grand  River,  of  Ohio,  drains  parts  of  Geauga  and 
Trumbull  cos.,  runs  northward  into  Ashtabula  co.,  and 
subsequently  flows  westward  through  Lake  co.  and  enters 
Lake  Erie  about  4  miles  below  Painesville.  In  the  lower 
part  of  its  course  it  runs  in  a  deep  and  picturesque  valley. 
It  is  about  100  miles  long. 

Grand  River,  South  Dakota,  rises  in  the  W.  part  of 
the  state,  runs  eastward,  and  enters  the  Missouri  River 
about  lat.  45°  37'  N.     It  is  nearly  200  miles  long. 

Grand  River,  of  Ontario,  rises  in  (irey  co.  and  runs 
southward  through  Wellington  and  Waterloo  cos.  It  finally 
runs  southeastward,  and  enters  Lake  Erie  about  15  miles 
S.B.  of  Cayuga,  forming  one  of  the  best  harbors  on  the  N. 
shore  of  the  lake.  Length,  about  150  miles.  It  is  con- 
nected with  Lake  Ontario  by  the  Welland  Canal. 

Grand  River,  a  river  of  Gasp6  co.,  Quebec,  flow- 
ing into  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  affords  excellent  angling  for 
gahnon.  Near  its  mouth  is  a  large  fishing  village  of  the 
same  name,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Perc6. 

Grand  River,  Canada.    See  Ottawa. 

Grand  River,  a  post-office  of  the  Cherokee  Nation, 
Indian  Territory. 

Grand  River,atownshipof  Adairco.,  Iowa.  Pop.347. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  Crooked  Fork  of  Grand  River. 

Grand  River,  a  township  of  Decatur  co.,  Iowa.  P.  506. 
It  has  the  Crooked  Fork  of  Grand  River  at  its  N.E.  angle. 

Grand  River,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa.    P.  765. 

Grand  River,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Missouri  line.     Pop.  611,  exclusive  of  Lineville. 

Grand  River,  a  township  of  Bates  co.,  Mo.   Pop.  1024. 

Grand  River,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  Mo.  Pop. 
3802.     It  contains  De  Witt. 

Grand  River,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  3978. 
It  includes  Harrisonville. 

Grand  River,  a  township  of  Daviess  co..  Mo.     P.  1093. 

Grand  River,  a  township  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Mo.     P.  959. 

Grand  River,  a  township  of  Henry  co..  Mo.  Pop. 
6450.     It  contains  Clinton. 

Grand  Rivers,  a  post-village  of  Livingston  co.,  Ky., 
79  miles  by  rail  B.  by  S.  of  Paducah.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  brick-  and  tile-works,  machine-shops, 
an  iron-furnace,  <fcc.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Grand  Sa'ble  River,  Michigan,  rises  in  Lake  cor, 
runs  nearly  westward  through  Mason  co.,  and  enters  Lake 
Michigan  about  6  miles  N.W.  of  Ludington. 

Grand  Sachem,  Highlands,  N.Y.    See  Nkw  BE.\coy. 

Grand  Sa'iine,  a  village  of  the  Cherokee  Nation,  In- 
dian Territory,  8  miles  from  Choteau  Railroad  Station. 
It  has  a  church  and  manufactures  of  salt. 

Grand  Saline,  a  post-office  of  Van  Zandt  co.,Tex..on 
the  Texas  Pacific  Railroad,  65  miles  E.  of  Dallas.  Here 
are  saline  wells  and  a  manufactory  of  salt. 

Grandson,  or  Granson,  grfiNo'siNo'  (Ger.  Orantee, 
grln'si),  a  decayed  town  of  Switzerland,  in  Vaud,  on  the 
S.W.  shore  of  the  Lake  of  Neufchatel,  20  miles  by  rail  N. 
of  Lausanne.     Pop.  1476. 

Grand  Teton.    See  Mount  IlAYDEif. 

Grand  Tow'er,  a  post-village  in  Grand  Tower  town- 


ship, Jackson  co..  111.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  27  mile* 
W.S.W.  of  Carbondale,  at  the  W.  terminus  of  the  Grand 
Tower  &  Carbondale  Railroad.  The  name  is  derived  from 
a  high  rocky  island  standing  in  the  river  opposite  this  vil- 
lage. It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  2  blast- 
furnaces for  iron.     Pop.  in  1880,  966;  in  1890,  624. 

Grand  Tower  Cross'ing,  in  Jackson  co..  III.,  is  on 
the  Cairo  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  at  the  crossing  of  the  Grand 
Tower  &  Carbondale  Railroad,  1  mile  S.  of  Murphysborough. 

Grand  Trav'erse,  a  county  in  the  >..W.  part  of 
Michigan,  has  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  Grand  Traverse  Bay  (of  Lake  Mich- 
igan), and  is  intersected  by  the  river  of  the  same  name. 
The  surface  is  diversified  by  numerous  small  lakes  and  exten- 
sive forests,  in  which  the  white  pine  and  sugar-maple  abound. 
The  soil  produces  wheat,  oats,  grass,  potatoes,  Ac.  Lumber 
is  one  of  the  chief  articles  of  export.  Capital,  Traverse 
City.  Grand  Traverse  co.  is  intersected  by  the  Grand 
Rapids  &  Indiana  and  Chicago  &  West  Michigan  Railroads, 
branches  of  which  converge  at  Traverse  City.  Pop.  in  1870, 
4443;  in  1880,  8422;  in  1890,  1.3,355. 

Grand  Traverse  Hay,  Michigan,  is  a  part  of  Lake 
Michigan,  from  which  it  extends  southward  between  the 
COS.  of  Antrim  and  Leclenaw.  It  is  about  30  miles  long 
and  12  miles  wide.  It  forms  part  of  the  N.  boundary  of 
Grand  Traverse  co. 

Grand  Traverse  City,  Mich.    See  TnAVEnsp.  Citt. 

Grand  Traverse  River,  Michigan,  rises  in  Kalkaska 
CO.,  runs  westward,  intersects  Grand  Traverse  co.,  and  enters 
the  bay  of  the  same  name  at  Traverse  City. 

Grand  Trunk  Junction,  or  Milwaukee  Junc- 
tion, a  station  in  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  at  the  crossing  of  the 
Detroit  &  Milwaukee  and  Grand  Trunk  Railroads,  8  miles 
N.  of  Detroit. 

Grand  Tun'nel,a  post-village  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  at 
Avondale  Station  on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western 
Railroad,  1  mile  from  Nanticoke  Station. 

Grand  Turk,  the  largest  of  the  Turk's  Islands  group, 
British  West  Indies.  It  is  5i  miles  long  and  1  mile  wide, 
very  dry  and  barren.  It  has  a  small  town  of  the  same  name 
on  the  W.  shore,  near  a  large  pond  which  afibrds  much  salt. 
Lat.  of  light-house,  20°  31'  N. ;  Ion.  71°  7'  AV. 

Grand  VaI'ley,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Little  Miami  Railroad,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It 
has  a  church. 

Grand  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co..  Pa.,  in 
Eldred  township,  on  the  Dunkirk,  Alleghany  Valley  and 
Pittsburg  Railroad,  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Titusville.  It  has  2 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  barrels,  lumber,  Ac. 

Grand  View,  a  post-office  of  Tulare  co.,  Cal.,  is  at 
Cross  Creek  Station,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Tulare. 

Grand  View,  a  post- village  of  Edgar  co..  III.,  in  Grand 
View  township,  about  18  miles  E.  of  Charleston,  and  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Paris.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  common 
school.     Pop.  in  1890,  177;  of  the  township,  1653. 

Grand  View,  a  post-village  of  Spencer  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Hammond  township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  36  miles  by 
land  (55  miles  by  water)  E.  of  Evansville.  It  has  a  news- 
paper office  and  4  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  694. 

Grand  View,  a  post-village  of  Louisa  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Grand  View  township,  about  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Muscatine. 
It  contains  the  Eastern  Iowa  Normal  School.  Pop.  422. 
The  township  has  4  churches,  and  is  bounded  on  the  S.W. 
by  the  Iowa  River.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1262. 

Grand  View,  a  post-office  of  Morris  co.,  Kansas. 

Grand  View,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hardin  co.,  Ky.,  6 
miles  from  Rineyville  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Grand  View,  a  post-office  of  Lyon  co.,  Minn.,  and  a 
station  on  the  Winona  &  St.  Peter  Railroad,  7  miles  N.W, 
of  Marshall.     Pop.  of  Grand  View  township,  150. 

Grand  View,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  0.,  in 
Grand  View  township,  and  on  the  Ohio  River,  30  miles  above 
Marietta.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  barrel-factory.  Pop. 
193  ;  of  the  township,  2273. 

Grand  View,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Tex. 

Grand  View  on  Hudson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockland 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River,  and  on  the  Northern  Rail- 
road of  New  Jersey,  2  or  3  miles  S.  of  Nyack,  and  25  miles 
N.  of  New  York.  Here  are  a  number  of  fine  suburban  resi- 
dences, villas,  churches,  Ac. 

Grandville,  Jasper  co.,  111.    See  Granville. 

Grand'ville,a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  in  Wyo- 
ming township,  on  Grand  River,  6  miles  S.W.  of  the  city 
of  Grand  Rapids.  It  is  on  the  Michigan  Southern  Railroad, 
and  on  a  branch  of  the  Chicago  A  Michigan  Lake  Shore 
Railroad.  It  has  several  saw-mills,  3  churches,  a  unior 
school,  and  manufactures  of  plaster,  Ac.     Pop.  about  800, 


QRA 


1300 


6RA 


Grandvillierty  or  Granvilliert,  grftii«Ve«V4',  a 
rilliigo  of  Frimoo,  in  Oiso,  17  luiles  N.N.W.  of  Deauvais. 

Gruue,  Gran,  gr&n,  or  Qunde,  kwdd  (Arab.  El 
Kuitt,  t\  kwAt),  a  souport  of  Arubiiv,  district  of  Lalisa,  on 
a  bay  of  tho  satuo  name,  near  tlio  N.  extremity  of  tho  Per- 
•iun  Gulf,  in  lat.  20"  23'  N.,  Ion.  47°  67'  E.     Pop.  8000. 

Graneros,  gr&-n&'rooe,  a  station  in  Pueblo  oo.,  Col.,  on 
the  Denver  <fc  Kio  Grande  Railroad,  26  miles  S.  of  South 
Pueblo. 

Grnugserde,  gr&n-y&n'ddh,  a  village  of  Sweden,  Iwn 
and  xVi  miles  S.\V.  of  Falun.     It  has  extensive  iron-works. 

Grange,  a  village  of  Switzerland.    See  Urexcuen. 

Grange,  granj,  a  post-office  of  Woodbury  co.,  Iowa. 

Grange,  a  post-omco  of  Pottawatomie  oo.,  Kansas. 

Grunge,  a  post-office  of  Transylvania  oo.,  N.C. 

Grange  City,  a  post-office  of  Fleming  co.,  Ky. 

Grange  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Upshur  co.,  Tex. 

Grangemouth,  granj'm&th,  a  seaport  town  of  Soot- 
land,  CO.  of  Stirling,  on  the  Carron,  11  miles  S.S.E.  of  Stir- 
ling, on  a  railway,  and  on  tho  Forth  &,  Clyde  Canal.  It 
has  a  custom-houso,  a  bank,  extensive  quays  and  ware- 
houses, a  dry-dock,  a  good  harbor,  establishments  for  ship- 
building, and  a  largo  export  and  import  trade.     Pop.  25G9. 

Granger,  gran'J^r,  a  post-office  and  station  of  St. 
Joseph  CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Lake  Huron  llailrood. 

Granger,  a  post-village  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Bristol  township,  near  tho  Upper  Iowa  River,  10  miles  N. 
of  Cresco,  Iowa,  and  about  48  miles  S.W.  of  Winona.  It 
has  2  or  3  churches,  a  planing-mill,  and  a  machine-shop. 

Granger,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scotland  co..  Mo.,  on  tho  Mis- 
souri, Iowa  &  Mobroska  Railroad,  11  miles  £.  of  Memphis. 

Granger,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Granger  township,  about  6  miles  S.AV.  of  Nunda  Station, 
and  52  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rochester.  Tho  township  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  the  Genesee  River,  and  contains  a  village 
named  Short  Tract.     Pop.  1159. 

Granger,  a  post-hamlet  of  Medina  co.,  0.,  in  Granger 
township,  S  miles  E.N.E.  of  Medina,  and  about  24  miles  S. 
of  Cleveland.  It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  987. 

Granger,  Tennessee.    See  GnAixGER.  . 

Granger,  a  post-office  of  Dunn  co.,  Wis. 

Granger,  a  post-offico  of  Uintah  co.,  Wyoming,  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  31  miles  W.  of  Green  River  City. 

Grangersville,  gran'j^rz-vil,  a  post-office  of  Macon 
CO.,  Ga. 

Granges,  grftxzh,  a  village  of  France,  in  Vosges,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Saint-Di6.     Pop.  1347. 

Granges,  a  village  of  Switzerland.    See  Gukxchbn. 

Grange  Store,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  Ky. 

Grangetown,  granj'town,  a  village  of  Wales,  in  Gla- 
morganshire, on  the  Taff,  opposite  Cardiff.     Pop.  21S9. 

Grangevillc,  granj'vil,  a  post-office  of  Tulare  co.,  Cal. 

Grangeville,  a  post-viihige  of  Idaho  co.,  Idaho,  about 
3  miles  (direct)  W.  of  Mt.  Idaho.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  and  a  public  school. 
Pop.  540. 

Grangeville,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  W.  Va. 

Granicus,  the  ancient  name  of  Ciialatdbke. 

Granite,  a  post-village  of  Chaffee  co.,  Col.,  on  the 
Arkansas  River,  about  100  miles  S.W.  of  Denver,  and  8 
miles  N.E.  of  Mount  Harvard. 

Granite,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  2  miles 
from  Woodstock  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2  churches  and 
several  granite-quarries.     Pop.  about  250. 

Granite,  a  post-village  of  Deer  Lodge  co.,  Montana, 
about  4  miles  (direct)  N.  by  E.  of  Phillipsburg.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  silver-mines. 
Pop.  1310. 

Granite,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co.,  Oregon. 

Granite,  Pennsylvania.    See  Granite  Hill. 

Granite,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chesterfield  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
James  River,  4  miles  by  rail  above  Richmond.  It  has  a 
church,  granite  quarries,  and  a  tobacco-fiictory. 

Granite  Bridge,  a  station  on  the  Shawmut  &  Milton 
Branch  of  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  6  miles  from  tho  initial 
■tation  in  Boston,  Mass. 

Granite  Cafion,  k&n'ySn,  Wyoming,  is  a  station  on 
tho  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  20  miles  W.  of  Cheyenne.  Ele- 
vation, 7298  feet.     Good  granite  abounds  here. 

Granite  City,  a  hamlet  of  Salt  Lake  co.,  Utah,  about 
16  miles  S.E.  of  Salt  Lake  City.  It  is  in  a  canon  of  the 
Wahsatch  Mountains,  and  is  a  terminus  of  the  Wasatch  & 
Jordan  Valley  Railroad.  It  has  a  granite-quarry  and  about 
12  houses. 

Granite  Falls,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Yellow  Medi- 
cine CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  Minnesota  River,  and  on  the  Hastings 


&  Dakota  Railroad,  70  miles  W.  of  Glcncoe.  It  has  A 
churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  flouring- mills,  and 
a  foundry.     Pop.  in  1890,  800. 

Granite  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  El  Dorado  co.,  Cal.,  la 
Coloina  town»liii). 

Granite  Uiil,  a  post-office  of  Iredell  oo.,  N.C,  on  the 
Atlantic,  Tennessee  &  Ohio  Railroad,  at  Shepherd's  Station, 
12  miles  S.  of  Statesville. 

Granite  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co.,  Pa.,  at 
Granite  Station  on  the  railroad  between  Gettysburg  and 
Hanover,  4  miles  E.  of  Gettysburg. 

Granite  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  Va. 

Gran'iteville,  a  post-office  of  Nevada  co.,  Cal.,  at 
Eureka  South. 

Granitevillc,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass., 
in  Wcstford  township,  on  the  Nashua,  Acton  k  Boston 
Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Stony  Brook  Railroad,  about 
30  miles  N.W.  of  Boston,  and  12  miles  S.  of  Nashua,  N.ll. 
It  has  a  church,  a  granite-quarry,  and  manufactures  of 
machinery  and  worsted  yarn. 

Graniteville,  a  post-villuge  of  Iron  co.,  Mo.,  3^  miles 
from  Middle  Brook  Station.  It  has  2  churches.  Here  are 
large  boulders  of  granite,  which  is  used  for  building. 

Graniteville,  a  village  in  Johnston  township.  Provi- 
dence CO.,  R.I.,  on  the  Providence  <k  Springfield  Railroad, 
6  miles  N.W.  of  Providence.  It  has  a  church,  and  is  ad- 
jacent to  the  larger  village  of  Centredalo.     Pop.  210. 

Graniteville,  a  village  of  Burrillville  township,  Provi- 
dence CO.,  R.I.,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Pascoag. 

Graniteville,  a  post-village  of  Aiken  co.,  S.C,  on 
the  Charlotte,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  at  its  junc- 
tion with  the  South  Carolina  Railroad,  0  miles  W.  of  Aiken, 
and  12  miles  N.E.  of  Augusta,  Ga.  It  has  4  churches,  an 
academy,  and  a  manufactory  of  cotton  goods.     Pop.  1791. 

Graiija,  La,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  San  Ildefo.nso. 

Granmicheli,  a  town  of  Sicily.    See  Grammicugle. 

Gran  Nana,  grin  n&'ndh^,  a  village  of  Hungary,  76 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Presburg,  on  a  railway  from  Vienna. 

Grannonum,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Granville. 

Granollers  de  vails,  grd-nol-yaias'  d4  v&ls,  or 
Grauollers  del  Valles,  gri-nol-yains'  dfil  vil'yfts, 
a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Barce- 
lona.    Pop.  4632. 

Graiion,  grin-yon',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
about  30  miles  from  Logrono.     Pop.  1102. 

Granozzo,  gri-not'so,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont, 
6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Novara.     Pop.  1512. 

Grans,  grh^,  a  village  of  France,  in  Bouches-du- 
RhOne,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Aix.     Pop.  1968. 

Gran  Sasso  d'ltalia.    See  Monte  Corno. 

Gransee,  grin'si\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg, 
43  miles  N.N.E.  of  Potsdam.     Pop.  3470. 

Granson,  a  town  of  Switzerland.    See  Grandson. 

Grant,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Arkang.as,  has 
an  area  of  about  617  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
Saline  River  and  Hurricane  Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly 
or  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests;  the 
soil  is  fertile.  Indinn  corn,  cotton,  gras?,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  has  no  railroads,  but  its  E. 
and  W.  borders  are  near  the  Valley  Route  at  Redfield,  and 
the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  A  Southern  Railroad  from 
Benton  to  Gifford.  Capital,  Sheridan.  Pop.  in  1870,  3943  ; 
in  1880,  6185;  in  1890,  7786. 

Grant,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  Indiana, 
has  an  area  of  about  420  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Mississinewa  River.  'I'he  surface  is  nearly  level,  and 
about  one-third  of  it  is  covered  with  dense  forests ;  the  soil 
is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oafs,  grass,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Pittsburg, 
Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis  Railroad  and  tho  Cincinnati,  Wa- 
bash &  Michigan  Railroad.  Capital,  Marion.  Pop.  in 
1870,  18,487;  in  1880,  23,618;  in  1890,  31,493. 

Grant,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an 
area  of  576  square  miles.  Its  surface,  which  is  nearly  all 
prairie  land,  is  level,  the  soil  being  of  a  black  loam.  It  is 
watered  by  the  Cimarron  River,  its  North  Fork,  and  tho 
Bear  Creek.  Sandstone,  limestone,  fire-clay,  and  gypsum 
are  found  here.  Capital,  Ulysses.  Pop.  in  1880,  9;  in 
1890,  1308. 

Grant,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kentucky.  Area,  280 
square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Eagle  Creek.  The  surface 
is  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests;  the 
soil  is  fertile.  Indi.an  corn,  wheat,  grass,  and  pork  are  tho 
sta})le  products.  The  rock  which  lies  next  to  the  surface 
is  Silurian  or  Trenton  limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  tho 
Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad.  Capital,  Williarastown. 
Pop.  in  1870,  9529;  in  1880,  13,083;  in  1890,  12,671. 


GRA 


1301 


GRA 


Grant,  a  parish  in  the  central  part  of  Louisiana,  has 
an  area  of  about  646  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  B. 
by  Saline  Bnyou,  and  on  the  S.W,  by  Red  River  and  the 
Rigolet  de  Bon  Dieu.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly 
level  ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the 
staple  products.  Capital,  Colfax.  Pop.  in  1870,  4517;  in 
1880,  6188;  in  1890,  8270. 

Grant,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Minnesota,  has  an 
are.T.  of  676  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Pomme  de 
Terre  and  Mustinka  Rivers.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  small 
lakes ;  the  soil  is  fertile  and  adapted  to  wheat.  The  county 
is  intersected  bv  the  St.  Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital, 
Elbow  Lake.     JPop.  in  1880,  3004;  in  1890,  6875. 

Grant,  the  must  southwestern  county  of  New  Mexico, 
borders  on  Arizona.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Rio 
Grande,  and  is  drained  by  the  Gila  River  and  the  Rio  de 
los  Miinbres.  The  surface  is  elevated  and  partly  mountain- 
ous; the  Mesilla  Valley  and  the  valley  of  the  Rio  Grande 
have  fertile  soils.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  and  grass  are  the 
staple  products.  Timber  and  water  are  scarce  on  the  table- 
lands of  this  county.  Gold,  silver,  an<i  copper  are  found  in 
it.  Area,  9800  square  miles.  Capital,  Silver  City.  Pop, 
in  1880,  4539:  in  1890,  9657. 

Grant,  a  large  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Oregon,  is  partly 
drained  by  John  Day's  River.  The  surface  in  some  parts  is 
mountainous ;  the  soil  of  the  valleys  is  adapted  to  p.asturage. 
The  Blue  Mountains  occupy  the  northern  portion  of  the 
county.  It  contains  several  large  lakes  which  have  no 
outlet.  Cattle,  lumber,  and  wheat  are  its  staple  products. 
Area,  5i72  square  miles.  Capital,  Canon  City.  Gold  is 
found  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  5080. 

Grant,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  South  Dakota, 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  Big  Stone  Lake,  which  separates 
it  from  Minnesota.  Area,  690  square  miles.  Capital, 
Milbank.     Pop.  in  1880,  3010  ;  in  1890,  6814. 

Grant,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  West  Virginia,  has 
an  area  of  about  490  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
North  and  South  Branches  of  the  Potomac  River.  The 
surface  is  mountainous  and  is  largely  covered  with  forests. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  several  ridges  of  the  Alleghany 
Mountains.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
live-stock,  and  grass  are  the  staples.  Capital,  Petersburg. 
Pop.  in  1870,  4467;  in  1880,  5542;  in  1890,  6802. 

Grant,  the  most  southwestern  county  of  Wisconsin,  bor- 
dering on  Illinois.  Area,  1130  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.W.  by  the  Wisconsin  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the 
Mississippi  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  (Jrant  and  Platte 
Rivers.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  ridges,  valleys,  and 
extensive  forests.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  oats,  hay,  pork,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products. 
Magnesian  limestone  (Silurian)  underlies  this  county, 
which  has  also  mines  of  load.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad.  Capital,  Lancaster,  Pop. 
in  1870,  37,979  ;  in  1880,  37,852;  in  1890,  36,661. 

Grant,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co..  Ark, 

Grant,  a  post-hamlet  of  Park  co.,  Colorado,  in  the 
South  Park,  45  miles  S.W.  of  Denver.    It  has  silver-mines. 

Grant,  Kankakee  co.,  Ill,    See  Grant  Park. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Lake  co.,  111.,  bordering  on  Pish- 
taka  Lake.     Pop.  572, 

Grant,  a  township  of  Vermilion  co..  111.,  about  25  miles 
N.  of  Danville,  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Danville  & 
Vincenncs  Railroad.     Pop.  1204. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Illinois 
line.     Pop.  835, 

Grant,  a  post-oflSce  of  Fulton  co.,  Ind, 

Grant,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  532. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Newton  co,,  Ind,  Pop,  699.  It 
contains  Goodland. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Iowa.     Pop,  377. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Boone  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  411. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Buena  Vista  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  115. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  160. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  526. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Cerro  Gordo  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  210. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Dallas  co.,  Iowa,     Pop.  529, 

Grant,  a  township  of  Franklin  co,,  Iowa,     Pop,  273. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Grundy  co,,  Iowa.     Pop,  578. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Guthrie  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  222. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Hardin  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  274. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  820. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Lyon  co.,  Iowa,    Pop,  126, 

Grant,  a  township  of  Monona  co.,  Iowa,  Pop,  316.  It 
is  traversed  by  the  Little  Sioux  River, 

Grant,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  852. 
Rrant  Post-Office  is  at  Milford, 


Grant,  a  township  of  O'Brien  co,,  Iowa.     Pop.  401. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Page  co.,  Iowa,  Pop,  540,  ex- 
clusive of  Shenandoah, 

Grant,  a  township  of  Plymouth  co.,  Iowa,     Pop,  276. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Pocahontas  co,,  Iowa.     Pop.  11^ 

Grant,  a  township  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  400. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Ringgold  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  470. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Sioux  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  226. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Story  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  534. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  353. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Taylor  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  371. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  262. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Woodbury  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  335. 

Grant,  AVright  co.,  Iowa.    See  Goldfield. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Clay  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Rcpub« 
lican  River.     Pop,  402.     Post-office,  Gatesville. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  331, 
Post-offices,  Fannie  and  Alva. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  877. 
Post-offices,  Idell  and  Grecnbush. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas,  Pop.  1833. 
It  contains  Abilene. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Douglas  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  519, 
exclusive  of  North  Lawrence. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  763. 
Post-offices,  Buck  Grove,  Avoca,  Banner,  and  James  Cross- 
ing. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas.  Pop,  538. 
Post-office,  Cerro  Gordo. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Lincoln  co,,  Kansas,  Pop,  950. 
Post-offices,  Pottersburg,  Cedron,  and  Ingalls, 

Grant,  a  township  of  Marion  co,,  Kansas.  Pop.  347. 
Post-office,  Youngtown. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Neosho  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  913. 
Post-office,  Flat  Rock. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  456.  It 
contains  Nickerson. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  514. 
It  contains  Seapo,  and  has  a  salt-marsh  which  aflbrds  a 
supply  of  good  salt. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Riley  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Big  Blue 
River.  It  has  a  cheese-factory  and  a  steam  mill.  Pop. 
772.     It  contains  Stockd.-ile. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas,  Pop.  882. 
It  contains  Valley  Centre. 

Grant,  a  post-office  of  Boone  co.,  Ky.    See  Belleview. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Cheboygan  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  407. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Clare  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  583. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Grand  Traverse  co.,  Mich.  P.  311. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Huron  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  280. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Iosco  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  51. 

jrrant,  a  post-office  of  Kent  co.,  Mich. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Keweenaw  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  223. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Mason  co.,  Mich,,  on  Lake  Michi- 
gan,    Pop.  209. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Mecosta  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  179. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Newaygo  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  110. 
Grant  Station  on  the  Grand  Rapids,  Newaygo  &  Lake 
Shore  Railroad  is  5  miles  S.  of  Newaygo. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Oceana  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  302. 

Grant,  a  township  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1304. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Minn.,  traversed 
by  the  railroad  from  White  Bear  Lake  to  Stillwater.  P.  388. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Caldwell  co..  Mo.     Pop.  909. 

Grant,  a  village  of  Cass  co..  Mo.,  14  miles  S.W.  of  IIoI- 
dcn.     It  has  a  church  and  4  stores. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Clarke  co..  Mo.  Pop.  756.  It 
contains  Anson. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Dade  co..  Mo.     Pop.  279, 

Grant,  a  township  of  Dallas  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1002. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Daviess  co..  Mo.     Pop.  784. 

Grant,  a  township  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  956. 

Grant,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Perkins  co..  Neb.,  134 
miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Holdrege,  It  has  2  churches,  3 
banks,  a  roller-mill,  and  2  newspaper  offices.  Pop.  in  1890, 
315. 

Grant,  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.     See  Broken  Straw. 

Grant,  a  post-village  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Russia 
township,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Trenton  Falls.  It  has  1  or  2 
churches,  a  tannery,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Grant,  a  township  of  New  Hanover  co.,  N.C.     P.  1119. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C.     Pop,  949. 

Grant,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hardin  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cleve- 
land, Sandusky  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Ken- 
ton.    It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop,  100, 

Grant,  a  station  in  Elk  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Low  Gradt 
Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Driftwood. 


Wki 


1302 


GRA 


tJratitt  <^  pn»t-borougb  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa.,  18  miles 
(direct;  N.U.  uf  lodinna.  It  ha«  6  ohurcbea,  a  newtpaper 
ofllce,  a  foundry,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  \:ii>\). 

iirant«  a  Rtution  on  the  At'lantio  a  Uro4it  Western  Kail- 
iXMui,  1.3  milc«  U.K.  of  Curry,  Pa. 

(xrant,  a  locality  in  Suhuylltill  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the  R<ut 
Alabauoy  Railroad,  2  mile*  £.  of  Mabanoy  City.  Uore 
ooal  is  mined. 

Urant,  a  township  of  Edgefield  oo.,  S.C.     Pod.  1116. 

Cirant,  a  po-st-huiulct  of  Smith  co.,  Tenn.,  12  miles  £. 
of  Lebanon.     It  bus  a  church. 

Grant,  a  nost-bamlGt  of  Qroyson  oo.,  Va.,  24  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Marion.  It  has  2  oburobos,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
nw-mill. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Clark  co.,  Wis.  Pop.  663.  Post- 
offices,  Maple  Works  and  Pleasant  Ridge. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Dunn  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  954. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Portage  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  246. 

Grant,  a  township  of  Shawano  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  470. 

Grnnta,  an  ancient  name  of  CxuBRiitoE. 

Grnnta,  a  rivor  of  England.    See  Cam. 

Grant  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Monona  oo.,  Iowa. 

Grant'chester,  a  village  of  England,  co.  and  2i  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Cambridge.  It  is  supposed  to  bo  the  ancient 
Oamioritum,  the  original  seat  of  the  University  of  Cam- 
bridge    Pup.  of  parish,  844. 

Grant  C'ity,  a  post- village  of  Sao  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Raccoon  River,  about  44  miles  S.W.  rf  Fort  Dodge.  It 
has  a  gmded  school,  a  flour-mill,  2  brick-yards,  &o. 

Grant  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Worth  co..  Mo., 
about  66  miles  N.X.E.  of  St.  Joseph.  It  has  2  banks,  a  high 
school,  and  4  churches.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished here.     Pop.  in  18S0.  49.};  in  1890,  1186. 

Grant  City,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co.,  Pa. 

Grant  Court-Uouse,  W.  Va.    See  Maysville. 

Grant  Fork,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co..  III.,  6  miles 
N.  of  Highland  Station,  which  is  31  miles  E.N.E.  of  St. 
Louis,  Mo.     It  has  2  churches. 

Grantham,  grant'9.m,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  23 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Lincoln,  at  a  railway  junction.  It  has  a 
church  of  the  thirteenth  century,  a  grammar-school,  seve- 
ral chapels,  the  guild  hall,  a  jail,  a  workhouse,  and  a  the- 
atre. The  principal  trade  is  in  malting  and  export  of  corn, 
and  import  of  coal  by  a  canal  connecting  the  town  with  the 
Trent.  It  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 
Pop.  5028;  of  the  parliamentary  borough,  13,250. 

Grant'haoi,  a  po.H-totvniship  and  hamlet  of  Sullivan 
CO.,  N.ll.,  about  14  miles  N.E.  of  Claremont.  It  has  3 
ohurche::,  public  schools,  and  3  lumber-mills.     Pop.  424. 

Grantham ,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1823. 

Grant  Isle,  iie,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Aroos- 
took CO.,  Me.,  on  the  river  St.  John,  90  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Uoulton.     It  has  a  church  and  3  saw-mills.     Pop.  688. 

Grant  Land,  the  extreme  N. portion  of  Grinnell  Land, 
comprises  the  northernmost  land  yet  reached. 

Grant'ley,  a  post-office  of  Cleburne  co.,  Ala. 

Grant'ley,  a  post-village  in  Dundas  co.,  Ontario,  17 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Morrisburg.     Pop.  100. 

Grant'ly  Harbor,  an  inlet  of  Behring  Strait,  in 
Alaska,  is  the  seat  of  a  considerable  trade. 

Grnn'ton,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  and  3  miles  by  rail 
If  ,AV.  of  Edinburgh,  on  the  Firth  of  Forth,  here  crossed  by 
a  railway  ferry.  It  has  a  pier,  jetties,  breakwaters,  steam 
cranes,  docks  and  slips  for  shipping,  machine-shops,  and 
chemical  works.     Pop.  1104. 

Gran'ton,ahamletof  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Northern 
Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  7  miles  N,  of  Jersey  City. 

Gran'ton,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  108  miles  W.  of  Toronto.  It  has 
carding-  and  grist-mills,  several  stores,  and  a  large  trade  in 
grain.     A  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.     Pop.  .350. 

Gran'town,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Inverness,  on 
the  Spey.  22  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Forres.     Pop.  1322. 

Grant  Park,  a  post-village  in  Yellow  Head  township, 
Kankakee  co..  111.,  on  the  Chicago,  Danville  &  Vincennes 
Railro!>d,  51  miles  S.  of  Chicago.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
and  a  tile-  and  brick-factory.     Pop.  400. 

Grant  Kiver,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Grant  co.,  runs  south- 
westward  and  southeastward,  and  enters  the  Mississippi 
River  about  12  jniles  above  Dubuque. 

Grant's,  a  station  in  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  San 
Francisco  &  North  Pacifio  Railroad,  70  miles  N.  of  San 
Francisco. 

Grant's,  a  station  in  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Caron- 
delet  Branch  of  the  Missouri  Pacifio  Railroad,  7  miles  W. 
of  Carondelet. 

Grantsborongh,  grants'bfir-r&h,  a   post-hamlet  of 


Pamlico  oo.,  N.C,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Ncw-Berno.    It  hn«  8 
churches. 

Grants'bnrg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  co.,  111.,  t 
miles  E.  of  Vienna,     it  has  a  church. 

GraiitKburK,a  small  post-village  of  Crawford  co.,IimL, 
about  -10  miles  W.  of  New  Albany.     It  has  a  church. 

Grantsburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Burnett  co.,  Wis., 
on  Wood  Hiver,  about  6  miles  E.  of  the  St.  Croix  River,  and 
60  miles  N.  of  Hudson.  It  has  a  court-house,  2  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  of 
Grantsburg  township,  1613. 

Grant's  Lick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Campbell  co.,  Ky.,  2} 
miles  from  the  Kentucky  Central  Railroad.   It  has  a  church. 

Grant's  MiUs,  a  post-office  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y, 

Grant's  Pass,  the  channel  between  Dauphin  Island, 
Ala.,  and  the  mainland.  Through  it  vessels  may  pass  from 
Mobile  Bav  into  Miuissippi  Sound. 

Grant's  Pass,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Josephine  co., 
Oregon,  128  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Roseburg.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  graded  school,  a  bank,  3  newspaper  offices,  lumber-mills, 
Ac.     Pop.  1432, 

Grants'ville,  a  post-village  of  Garrett  oo.,  Md.,  25 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Cumberland.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
wagon-shop,  a  flour-mill,  and  3  stores.     Pop.  about  200. 

Grantsville,  a  post-village  of  Tooele  co.,  Utah,  about 
35  miles  W.S.W.  of  Salt  Lake  City. 

Grantsville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Calhoun  co., 
W.  Va.,  on  the  Little  Kanawha  River,  about  50  miles  N.E. 
of  Charleston. 

Grant'ville,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ala. 

Grantville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Litchfield  co..  Conn.,  in 
Norfolk  township,  on  the  Connecticut  Western  Railroad,  6 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Winsted.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Grantville,  a  post-village  of  Coweta  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Atlanta  &  West  Point  Railroad,  52  miles  S.S.W.  of  Atlanta. 
It  has  5  churches,  3  schools,  a  bank,  a  flouring-mill,  2 
cotton-gins,  and  railroad  repair-shops.  Gold  is  found  3 
miles  from  this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  654. 

GrantviHe,  a  post-village  in  Kaw  township,  Jefferson 
CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Kansas  Pacifio  Railroad,  1  mile  N.  of 
the  Kansas  River,  and  7  miles  E.  of  Topeka.  It  has  a 
church. 

Grantville,  a  post-village  in  Needbam  township,  Nor- 
folk CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston  &  Albony  Railroad,  and  near 
Charles  River,  13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Boston.  It  has  3 
churches. 

Grantville,  a  hamlet  of  Howard  co..  Neb.,  9^  miles 
N.W.  of  Grand  Island. 

Grantville,  a  post-office  of  Buncombe  co.,  N.C. 

Grantville,  a  post-village  of  Dauphin  co..  Pa.,  in  East 
Hanover  township,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Palmyra  Station.  It 
has  a  church  and  3  or  4  stores. 

Grantville,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Tenn. 

Granville,  grOKo'veel'  (anc.  Granno'numt),  a  fortified 
seaport  town  of  France,  in  Manche,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Bosq,  at  the  foot  of  a  rocky  promontory  projecting  into  the 
English  Channel,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Saint-LO.  Lat.  of  the 
light-house,  48°  50'  7"  N.;  Ion.  1°  35'  57"  W.  It  has  a 
strong  citadel,  a  custom-house,  a  fine  granite  mole  enclosing 
a  small  harbor,  a  Gothic  church,  a  hospital,  and  public  baths. 
It  is  the  seat  of  a  commercial  tribunal  and  a  school  of 
navigation,  and  the  residence  of  a  commissary  of  marine. 
Its  inhabitants  are  partly  engaged  in  cod-  and  oyster-fish- 
eries. It  has  manufactures  of  brandy  and  chemicals,  and 
some  trade  with  the  colonies  and  the  Channel  Islands,  and 
exports  eggs,  Ac,  to  England.  It  is  a  railway  terminus. 
Granville  was  burned  by  the  British  in  1695.     Pop.  12,372. 

Gran'ville,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  North  Carolina, 
bordering  on  Virginia,  has  an  area  of  about  730  square 
miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Tar  River,  which  rises  in  it,  and 
by  small  affluents  of  the  Roanoke  and  Neuse  Rivers.  The 
surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  to- 
bacco, oats,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  has  extensive  beds  of  sandstone.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Richmond  A  Danville  Railroad  and  the  Durham  A 
Northern  Railroad.  Capital,  Oxford.  Pop.  in  1870,  24,831 ; 
in  1880,  31.286;  in  1890,  24,484. 

Granville,  or  Grandville,  a  township  of  Jasper  co., 
111.     Pop.  1260.     It  contains  Yale,  or  Grandville. 

Granville,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co.,  III.,  in  Gran- 
ville township,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Peru,  and  6  or  7  miles  E. 
of  Hennepin.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  148. 

Granville,apost-hamlet  of  Delaware  CO.,  Ind.,  in  Niles 
township,  on  the  Mississinewa  River,  about  62  miles  N.E 
of  Indianapolis.     It  has  2  or  3  churches. 


GRA 


1303 


GRA 


Granville,  a  post-village  of  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa,  48  miles 
E.  by  S.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  a  church,  a  Catholic  school, 
a  public  school,  2  banks,  and  a  butter-  and  cheese-factory. 

Granville,  a  township  of  Hampden  co.,  Mass.  Pop. 
1240.  It  contains  Qranville  Corners,  East  Qranrille,  and 
AVest  Granville. 

Granville,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  Mo.,  about  44 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Hannibal.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  71. 

Granville,  a  hamlet  of  Monmouth  co.,  N..J.,  on  Rari- 
tan  Bay,  4  miles  from  Keyport,  It  has  a  church,  a  light- 
house, and  a  fishery. 

Granville,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Granville  township,  on  the  Rensselaer  &  Saratoga  Railroad, 
and  on  the  Pawlet  River,  66  miles  N.N.E.  of  Albany,  and  13 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Whitehall.  It  contains  7  churches,  a  graded 
achool,  a  newspaper  office,  2  banks,  and  a  slate-factory. 
Pop.  about  900.  The  township,  which  has  quarries  of  good 
roofing-slate,  contains  also  the  villages  of  Middle  Granville 
and  North  Granville.  It  has  9  churches,  2  banks,  a  military 
academy,  and  manufactures  of  cotton  batting,  knitted  shirts, 
and  drawers.     Total  pop.  4716. 

Granville,  a  post-village  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  in  Gran- 
ville township,  on  Raccoon  Creek,  6  miles  W.  of  Newark,  and 
about  28  miles  E.N.E.  of  Columbus.  It  contains  6  churches, 
a  national  bank,  a  furniture-factory,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
union  school,  the  Granville  Female  College,  and  the  Denison 
University  (Baptist),  which  was  organized  in  1832  and  has 
a  library  of  11,000  volumes.  It  is  2  or  3  miles  N.  of  the 
Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  on  which  is  Granville  Station,  4 
miles  S.W.  of  Newark.     Pop.  1366;  of  the  township,  2326. 

Granville,  a  township  of  Mercer  00.,  0.  Pop.  1234.  It 
contains  St.  Henry's. 

Granville,  a  township  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1375. 
It  contains  Granville  Centre  and  Granville  Summit. 

Granville,  a  post-village  in  Granville  township,  Mifflin 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Juniata  River,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  65  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ilarrisburg.  It  has  a  church, 
a  foundry,  and  a  machine-shop.     Pop.  of  township,  1297. 

Granville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Cumberland  River,  60  miles  E.  of  Nashville.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Granville,  a  post-township  of  Addison  co.,  Vt.,  about 
28  miles  N.  of  Rutland.  It  has  a  mountainous  surface. 
Pop.  726.     It  contains  a  hamlet  named  Granville. 

Granville,  a  post-village  of  Monongalia  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Monongahela  River,  2  miles  below  Morgantown.  It  has 
a  church.     Pop.  about  150. 

Granville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Granville  township,  Mil- 
waukee CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  and  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  15 
uiiles  N.N.W.  of  Milwaukee.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2401. 

Gran'ville,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co..  Prince  Edward 
Island,  24  miles  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  330. 

Granville  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co..  Pa., 
in  Granville  township,  about  30  miles  S.  of  Elmira,  N.Y. 
It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  and  a  hotel. 

Granville  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Milwaukee  co.,  Wis. 

Granville  Cor'ners,  a  post-viUage  of  Hampden  co., 
Mass.,  in  Granville  township,  about  18  miles  AV.  by  S.  of 
Springfield.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  drums 
and  toys. 

Granville  Fer'ry,  a  post-village  in  Annapolis  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  W.  side  of  Annapolis  B.ay,  opposite  the  town 
of  Annapolis.  It  contains  several  stores,  churches,  hotels, 
and  ship-yards.     Pop.  300. 

Granville  Sum'mit,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co.. 
Pa.,  in  Granville  township,  on  the  Northern  Central  Rail- 
road, 47  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Williamsport,  It  has  2  churches. 
The  station  is  called  West  Granville,  or  Granville,  and  the 
post-office  Granville  Summit. 

Granvilliers,  France.    See  GnANnviLLiERS. 

Grao  de  Valencia,  gri'o  di  vi-l6n'the-i,  or  Villa- 
nneva  del  Grao,  veePyi-nwi'vi  dSl  gri'o,  a  seaport 
town  of  Spain,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Guadalaviar,  4  miles  E. 
of  Valencia,  of  which  it  is  the  port.     Pop.  3278. 

Grape  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  N.C. 

Grape  Grove,  a  township  of  Ray  co..  Mo.     Pop.  2660. 

Grape  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  0.,  in  Ross 
township,  5  miles  S.  of  Selma  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Grape  Island,  a  post-office  of  Pleasants  co.,  W.  Va., 
is  near  an  island  in  the  Ohio  River. 

Grape'l  and,  a  post-office  of  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn.,  about 
24  miles  S.  of  Mankato. 

Grapeland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Houston  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
International  A  Great  Northern  Railroad,  25  miles  S.  of 
Palestine.     It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  Ac. 

Grape  Lawn,  a  post-office  of  Nelson  co.,  Va. 


Grape'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  25  milet 
S.S.W.  of  Albany. 

Grapevine,  a  post- village  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa., 
in  Ilempfield  township,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  25 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Grape  Vine,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co,.  Ark. 

Grape  Vine,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co  ,  Ky. 

Grape  Vine,  a  post-village  of  Tarrant  co.,  Tex.,  16 
miles  N.  of  Johnson's  Station.  It  has  3  churches,  a  masonic 
institute,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Grappe's  (graps)  Ulutf,  a  post-office  of  Natchitoches 
parish.  La.,  on  Red  River. 

Grarib,  a  mountain  of  Egypt.    See  Agrees. 

Grash'olm,  or  Gresh'olm,  an  island  of  Wales,  in 
St.  George's  Channel,  co.  of  Pembroke. 

Graslitz,gris'lits,  Greklis,  gr£k'lis,  orGradlicze, 
grid-leet'si,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  19  miles  N.N.E.  of  Eger. 
It  has  manufactures  of  musical  instruments,  looking-glasses, 
cotton  yarn,  paper,  Ac.     Pop.  6335. 

Gras'mere,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Westmoreland, 
2J  miles  N.W.  of  Ambleside.  It  stands  at  the  head  of 
Grasmere  Lake,  and  is  noted  as  having  been  the  home  of 
several  eminent  men  of  letters.     Pop.  of  township,  805. 

Grasmere  Hill  (or  Fell), a  mountain  of  England, co. 
of  Cumberland,  E.  of  Crummock-Water. 

Grilso,  gri'so\  an  island  of  Sweden,  at  the  entrance  of 
the  Gulf  of  Bothnia,  opposite  the  town  of  Oregrund.  Lat. 
60°  25'  N.     Length,  about  18  miles. 

Grass,  a  post-hamlet  of  Spencer  co.,  Ind.,  in  Grasg 
township,  30  miles  E.  of  Evansviile.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1871. 

Grassano,  gris-si'no,  or  Grazzano,  grit-si'no,  a 
village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  province  of  Alessandria, 
about  8  miles  from  Casale.     Pop.  1642. 

Grassano,  gris-si'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
25  miles  B.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  5262. 

Grasse,  griss,  a  town  of  France,  in  Alpes-Maritimos, 
25  miles  W.  of  Nice.  It  has  a  large  Gothic  church,  a  com- 
munal college,  3  hospitals,  a  town  hall,  an  exchange,  a 
theatre,  an  old  tower,  some  Roman  antiquities,  a  publio 
library,  and  a  gallery  of  paintings.  Largo  quantities  of 
perfumery  are  made  at  Grasse.  It  has  many  mills  for  oil 
and  flour;  also  manufactures  of  coarse  woollen  stuffs,  silk 
organzine,  leather,  liqueurs,  and  brandy,  and  an  activ* 
trade  in  fruits  and  oil.     Pop.  9673. 

Grasse,  or  La  Grasse,  1&  gr&ss,  a  town  of  France,  in 
Aude,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Carcassonne.     Pop.  1135. 

Grass'hopper,  a  township  of  Atchison  co.,  Kansaa. 
Pop.  1306.     It  contains  Muscotah. 

Grasshopper  Creek,  Kansas.  See  Delaware  River. 

Grasshopper  Falls,  Kansas.     See  Valley  Falls. 

Gras'sington,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  AVest 
Riding,  8i  miles  N.N.E.  of  Skipton.  Pop.  of  township,  830. 

Grass  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Grass  Lake  township,  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad, 
10  miles  E.  of  Jackson,  and  66  miles  W.  of  Detroit.  It  has, 
4  churches,  a  union  school,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
a  flouring-mill.  Here  is  a  small  lake  (2  miles  long)  of  the 
same  name.  Pop.  617;  of  the  township,  1643.  Wheat, 
wool,  apples,  and  live-stock  are  its  staple  products. 

Grass  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Kanabec  co.,  Minn. 

Grass  Land,  a  post-office  of  Boyd  co.,  Ky. 

Grass  Land,  a  post-h.amlet  of  Harrison  co.,  W.  Va.,  7 
miles  S.E.  of  Clarksburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Grass  Lick,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  W.  Va. 

Grass  Fond,  or  Saint  Etienne  de  Boulton, 
siNt  4t'e-en'  d§h  boortiN"',  a  post-village  in  Brome  co., 
Quebec,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Waterloo.     Pop.  125. 

Grass  (or  De  Grasse)  River,  New  York,  rises  in  tho 
S.E.  part  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  and  runs  first  nearly  north- 
westward, then  gradually  deflects  to  the  right,  and  flows 
northward  to  Canton,  thence  pursuing  a  northeastward  course, 
and  entering  the  St.  Lawrence  River  at  the  N.AV.  extremity 
of  Franklin  co.,  about  3  miles  below  the  mouth  of  Racket 
River.     Its  length  is  estimated  at  150  miles. 

Grass  Run,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co.,  W.  Va. 

Grass  Val'ley,  a  post-town  of  Nevada  co.,  Cal.,  in 
Grass  Valley  township,  about  48  miles  N.N.E.  of  Sacra- 
mento, and  4  miles  S.W.  of  Nevada.  It  is  the  most  popu- 
lous place  in  the  county,  and  derives  its  prosperity  cniefly 
from  its  gold-mines,  which  are  among  the  richest  in  the 
state.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  high  school,  2  banks,  several 
quartz-mills,  and  2  iron-foundries.  Grass  Valley  is  the 
seat  of  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop,  and  has  a  convent  and  2 
orphanages.  Three  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers  arq 
published  hereu     Pop.,  including  township,  6798. 

Gras'sy  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Cleveland  co.,  N.C/ 


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1304 


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Grassf  Cove*  a  po«t-oflto«  of  Cumberlund  oo.,  Tenn. 

Grainy  Creek  rUes  in  Granville  oo.,  N.C.,  rum  north- 
eastward into  Virginia,  and  enters  the  Roanolie  River  in 
Meoklenburj^  oo. 

GraMMy  Creek,  a  post-offlco  of  Morgan  oo.,  Ky. 

Graaay  Creek,  a  po«t- township  of  Mitohell  oo.,  N.C. 
Pop.  614. 

Grassy  Flat,  a  post-office  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ark. 

Grassy  Pork,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
1188.     It  contains  Tampioo. 

Grassy  Knob,  n  post-office  of  Rutherford  co.,  N.C. 

Griiiisy  iMciidows,  apost-offico  of  Summers  co.,  W.Va. 

Grassy  Mountain,  a  township  of  Qreenvillo  oo.,  S.C. 
Pop.  VU5. 

Grassy  Point,  a  post-village  of  Rockland  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Stony  Point  township,  on  the  Hudson  River,  1  mile 
from  Stony  Point  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  machine- 
shop  and  a  brick-yard,  and  is  a  terminus  of  the  Ilackon- 
tacK  A  New  York  Extension  Railroad. 

Grassy  Pond,  a  post-office  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C. 
•Grns'syvillc,  a  post-office  of  Leo  co.,  Tex. 

Gratallops,  gr&-t&l-yops',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Cata- 
lonia, 24  miles  from  Tarragona.     Pop.  1146. 

Grntchcvska,  Grachevska,gril-ch6v'sk&,  or  Gra- 
tschcwskaia,  grl-chftv-ski'j-il,  a  village  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment and  125  miles  N.W.  of  Astrakhan,  on  the  Volga. 

Gra'ter's  Ford,  a  post-hamlot  of  Montgomery  co., 
Pa.,  on  Perkiomen  Crock,  and  on  the  Perkiomen  Railroad, 
8  miles  S.  of  Perkiomenville,  and  34  miles  N.W.  of  Phila- 
delphia.    It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  sash-factory. 

Grate's  Cove,  a  village  at  the  entrance  to  Trinity 
Bay,  Newfoundland,  6  miles  N.  of  Bay  de  Verds.    Pop.  650. 

Gratianopolis,  an  ancient  name  of  Grenoblk. 

Gratiot,  gra'she-ot,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of 
Michigan,  has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  Pine  River,  and  also  drained  by  Maple  River  and 
Beaverdam  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  white  pine  and 
sugar-maple  abound.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Lumber,  wheat, 
Indian  corn,  hay,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products  of  this 
county.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Detroit,  Lansing  <fe  Northern 
Railroad,  and  by  the  Toledo,  Ann  Arbor  &  North  Michigan 
Railroad.  Capital,  Ithaca.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,810;  in  1880, 
21,936;  in  1890,  28,668. 

Gratiot,  a  post-village  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  on  the 
National  Rond,  in  Hopewell  township  (partly  in  Hopewell 
township,  Muskingum  co.),  12  miles  W.  of  Zanesville,  and 
about  14  miles  S.E.  of  Newark.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
manufactory  of  drain-tiles.     Pop.  228. 

Gratiot,  a  post-village  of  Lafayette  co..  Wis.,  in  Gra- 
tiot township,  on  the  Pecatonica  River,  about  48  miles  S.W. 
of  Madison.  It  is  on  the  Mineral  Point  Railroad,  25  miles 
S.  by  E.  of  Mineral  Point.  It  has  2  churches,  and  a  plough- 
and  wagon-factory.    Pop.  about  200;  of  the  township,  1511. 

Gra'tis,  a  post-township  of  Preble  co.,  0.,  about  22 
miles  S.W.  of  Dayton.  Pop.  2023.  It  contains  the  village 
of  Winchester,  in  which  is  Gratis  Post-Office. 

Gratsanitza,  gr4t-si-nit's4,  a  town  of  Bosnia,  14 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Zvomik. 

Gratsanitza,  a  town  of  Bosnia,  37  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Zvomik. 

Grat'tan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  in  Grattan 
township,  12  miles  N.  of  Lowell,  and  about  18  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop. 
about  150;  of  the  township,  1250. 

Gr2itz,orGraetz,  grSts  (Slavonian,  iVjme<27ci-(7rarfe^«, 
ne-mSts'ke-gri-ddts'),  the  capital  city  of  Styria,  in  Austria, 
situated  at  a  railway  junction,  on  both  sides  of  the  Mur, 
in  lat.  47°  4'  13"  N.,  Ion.  15°  26'  E.  With  its  suburbs,  it 
is  about  7  miles  in  circumference,  and  pretty  well  built, 
having  many  good  private  and  some  fine  public  ediQces. 
The  city  proper,  small  and  irregularly  laid  out,  is  encircled 
by  fine  walks  and  public  gardens  on  the  site  of  the  old  for- 
tifications. The  cathedral  has  some  fine  monuments.  Near 
it  is  a  chapel  with  the  tomb  of  Ferdinand  II. ;  and  here  are 
about  20  other  churches.  The  Convict,  the  largest  public 
building  in  Gratz,  now  serves  for  a  school  of  the  university. 
The  other  principal  buildings  are  the  ancient  palace  of  the 
Styrian  dukes,  now  the  governor's  residence,  the  citadel,  the 
observatory,  the  council-house,  the  theatre,  and  the  Land- 
hau»,  with  a  large  collection  of  ancient  armor.  The  Jo- 
hanneum,  "  the  pride  of  Gratz  and  of  Styria,"  was  founded 
by  the  Archduke  John  in  1812  for  the  encouragement  of 
the  arts  and  manufactures  of  Styria :  it  has  rich  museums 
of  zoology,  botany,  mineralogy,  antiquities,  and  coins,  a 
chemical  laboratory,  a  botanic  garden,  a  library  consisting 
of  the  best  European  works  and  open  to  the  public,  gra- 


tuitous oourses  of  lectures,  and  a  reading-room  supplied 
with  the  chief  European  journals.  The  university  has  a 
library  of  66,000  printed  volumes  and  7500  MSS.  Gr'Ati 
has  a  gymnasium,  an  episcopal  academy,  military  and  nu- 
merous other  schools,  6  hospitals  and  many  other  charitable 
establishments,  military  magazines,  a  jail,  a  workhouse, 
and  a  lunatic  asylum.  Gratz  is  the  residence  of  the  mili- 
tivry  commandant  for  Styria  and  of  the  Prince-Bishop  of 
Leckau,  and  is  the  seat  of  various  courts.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  cotton,  silk,  and  woollen  fabrics,  leather,  iron  and 
steel  wares,  rosoglio,  <tc.,  and  a  large  trade  in  timber,  iron, 
and  8ee<l8.     Pop.  in  1880,  97,791 ;  in  1890,  113,640. 

Griltz,  grfits,  Grodzisko,  grod-zis'ko,  or  Grcdz- 
lack,  gr^ts'lAk,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  and  22  miles 
S.W.  of  Posen.     Pop.  3684. 

Gratz,  grats,  a  post-village  of  Owen  CO.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Kentucky  River,  9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Owenton,  and  about 
44  miles  E.N.E.  of  Louisville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded 
school,  and  manufactures  of  harrows,  lumber,  <kc. 

Gratz,  a  post-borough  of  Dauphin  co..  Pa.,  in  Lykens 
township,  about  28  miles  N.N.E.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  2 
churches.     Here  are  mines  of  anthracite  coal.     Pop.  386. 

Graubttnden,  a  canton  of  Switzerland.    See  Grisons. 

Graudenz,  grOw'ddnts,  a  fortified  town  of  Western 
Prussia,  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Marienwerder,  on  the  Vistula, 
hero  crossed  by  a  bridge  of  boats  2700  feet  in  length.    Pop.  L 

16,615,  including  military.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and 
has  a  strong  fortress,  a  gymnasium,  a  high  school,  and  a 
Lutheran  and  a  Roman  Catholic  church. 

Graulhet,  groMA',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Tarn,  on  the  Dadou,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Lavaur.     Pop.  4435. 

Graun,  grown,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Tyrol,  30  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Imst,  near  a  lake  of  the  same  name,  and  more 
than  4500  feet  above  the  sea.     Pop.  721 . 

Graupen,  grow'p?n,  or  Kraupen,  krSw'p^n,  a  mining 
town  of  Bohemia,  on  a  railw.ay,  about  6  miles  N.E.  of  Tep- 
litz.     It  has  mines  of  tin.     Pop.  2320. 

Graus,  growce,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  37  miles 
E.  of  Huesca,  on  the  Sera.     Pop.  2803. 

Gravaios,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  GnABAtos. 

Grave,  gri'v^h,  or  Graaf,  grJlf,  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  North  Brabant,  on  the  Mouse,  20  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Bois-le-Duc.     Pop.  2819. 

Grave  Creek,  West  Virginia.    See  Mocndsville. 

Gravedona,  gri-vi-do'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Lom- 
bardy,  27  miles  N.N.E.  of  Como.     Pop.  1527. 

Grav'el  Ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coos  co.,  Oregon,  on 
the  Coquilie  River,  16  miles  from  the  sea,  and  50  miles  W. 
of  Roseburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Gravel  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cape  Girardeau  co.,  Mo., 
10  miles  from  Marble  Hill.  It  has  2  or  3  churches.  Lead 
is  found  here. 

Gravel  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Bladen  co.,  N.C. 

Gravel  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Buckingham  co.,  Va. 

Gravelines,  grivMeen'  (FIcm.  Gi-avelinyen,  gr4'v?a- 
ling'^n),  a  strongly  fortified  seaport  town  of  France,  in 
Nord,  on  the  Aa,  near  its  mouth  in  the  English  Channel,  12 
miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Calais.  It  stands  in  a  marshy  plain, 
protected  from  the  sea  by  dunes  or  sand-hills,  and  which 
may  be  laid  wholly  under  water.  It  has  an  arsenal,  military 
magazines,  and  a  military  hospital.  Its  port  is  small  but 
convenient,  and  is  frequented  by  fishing-vessels.   Pop.  4182. 

Gravel'la,  a  post-village  of  Conecuh  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Mobile  &  Montgomery  Railroad,  102  miles  N.E.  of  Mobile. 
It  has  2  churches  and  3  stores. 

Gravellona,  gra-v5l-lo'n4,  a  village  of  Italy,  11  miles 
S.E.  of  Novara.     Pop.  2448. 

Grav'elly  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Yell  co..  Ark.,  21 
miles  (direct)  S.  by  W.  of  Danville.  It  has  3  churches,  <fec. 
Pop.  150. 

Gravelly  Hill,  a  station  on  the  Junction  &  Break- 
water Railroad,  11  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Lewes,  Del. 

Gravelly  Landing,  New  Jersey.  See  Pout  Republic. 

Gravelly  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lauderdale  co., 
Ala.,  9  miles  N.  of  Cherokee.     It  has  2  churches. 

Gravelotte,  grivMot',  a  village  of  Lorraine,  7  mllei 
W.  of  Mctz,  gives  name  to  the  sanguinary  battle  and  French 
defeat  of  August  18,  1870.     Pop.  669. 

Gravelotte,  grav'§-lot,  a  station  in  Hamilton  co.,  0^ 
on  the  Little  Miami  Railroad,  12  miles  from  Cincinnati. 

Grav'el  Point,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind. 

Gravel  Point,  a  post-office  of  Texas  co..  Mo. 

Gravel  Ridge,  a  post-ofiice  of  Bradley  co..  Ark. 

Gravel  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Frederick  co.,  Va. 

Gravel  Switch,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Knoxville  Branch  of  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Rail- 
road, 12  miles  S.E.  of  Lebanon. 


GRA 


1305 


GRA 


Grav'elton,  a  post-office  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Milford  Junction, 
and  101  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Chicago. 

Gravendeel,  gr4^'?n-dir,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  South  Holland,  3  miles  S.  of  Dort.     Pop.  24.37. 

Gravenhaag,  'S,  Netherlands.    See  Hague. 

Gra'venhurst,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co.,  Ontario, 
on  Lake  Muskoka,  25  miles  N.  of  Orillia.  It  has  4  stores, 
2  hotels,  saw-,  sash-,  door-,  and  planing-mills,  and  an  ex- 
tensive lumber-trade.  Steamers  plying  on  the  lake  and 
river  Muskoka  start  from  here.     Pop.  400. 

Gravenstein,  gri'v?n-stine\  or  Graasteen,  gri'- 
st4n,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Sleswick,  with  a  castle,  11 
miles  N.E.  of  Flensburg.    Pop.  654. 

Gra'ver's,  a  station  on  the  Germantown  &  Chestnut  Hill 
Railroad,  i  mile  from  Chestnut  Hill,  Pa. 

Grave  Run  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co., 
Md.,  about  30  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  a 
woollen-factory,  a  paper-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Graves,  gravz,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Kentucky, 
has  an  area  of  about  650  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
Clark's  Pi,iver  and  Mayfield  Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  ;  the  soil 
is  fertile.  Tobacco,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  id  intersected  by  the  Newport 
News  &  Mississippi  Valley  Railroad,  which  passes  through 
Mayfield,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 19,398 ;  in  1880,  24,138  ; 
in  1890,  28,534. 

Graves,  a  station  in  Terrell  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Southwestern 
Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Dawson. 

Gravesend,  grava'find',  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Kent,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Thames,  20  miles  by  rail 
E.S.E.  of  London.  The  older  part  of  the  town,  near  the 
river,  has  narrow  streets ;  the  upper  town  is  more  open,  and 
has  many  tasteful  rows  of  houses  and  detached  villas.  The 
summit  of  the  hill  on  which  it  is  built  is  crowned  by  pros- 
pect towers  commanding  views  of  the  Thames,  and  is  a 
favorite  place  of  holiday  resort.  Gravesend  has  a  free 
fohool,  some  almshouses,  a  battery,  town  hall,  workhouse, 
custom-house,  bank,  numerous  good  baths,  libraries,  ter- 
races, several  public  gardens,  and  two  piers  on  the  river, 
forming  agreeable  promenades.  Formerly  its  trade  con- 
sisted in  supplying  ships  with  stores,  vessels  from  London 
being  obliged  to  clear  out  here.  Its  more  recent  prosperity 
dates  from  the  establishment  of  steamboats,  which  run  to 
London  in  two  hours,  and  during  summer,  especially  on 
Sundays,  bring  immense  crowds  of  visitors.  Many  als';  of 
the  wealthier  class  of  trades-people  reside  here.  There  is  a 
ferry  across  the  Thames  to  Tilbury  Fort.     P.  (1891)  24,067. 

Gravesend,  gravz'Snd,  a  post-township  of  Kings  co., 
N.Y.,  about  6  miles  S.  of  Brooklyn,  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by 
the  Atlantic  Ocean.  It  has  4  churches.  Pop.  in  1880, 
3674  ;  in  1890,  6937.    It  comprises  Coney  Island. 

Graves  (gravz)  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Va. 

Gravcston,  gravz'ton,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Tenn. 

Gravesville,  gravz'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Herkimer  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Russia  township,  near  West  Canada  Creek,  3  miles 
from  Trenton  Falls,  and  about  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Utioa. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  wagon-factory,  <fec.     Pop.  67. 

Gravesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calumet  co..  Wis.,  in 
Charlestown  township,  on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad, 
77  miles  N.  of  Milwaukee,  and  i  mile  from  Chilton.  It  has 
a  church,  a  cheese-factory,  a  saw-mill,  <fcc. 

Gravezande,  gri-v^h-ziu'd^h,  or  'S  Gravezande 
(L.  Are'na  Oom'itis  ?),  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  8  miles 
S.W.  of  the  Hague,  on  the  sand-downs  near  the  sea-coast. 
Pop.  3782. 

Graville,  grlVeel',  Gravilie-Saintc-Honorine, 
griS-eel'-siNt-o'noVeen',  or  Graville-l'Heure,  gri'- 
veel'-luR,  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine-Inferieure,  3  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Havre.    It  has  a  curious  old  church.    Pop.  2700. 

Gravina,  gri-vee'ni,  a  city  of  Italy,  province  and  35 
miles  S.W.  of  Bari,  on  the  left  bank  of  the"  Gravina  River. 
Pop.  14,443.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  cathedral,  8 
Other  churches,  several  convents,  and  a  college. 

Grav'ity,  a  post- village  of  Taylor  co.,  Iowa,  17  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Clarinda.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  public  school,  Ac.     Pop.  210. 

Gravois  (gra'vi)  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co., 
Mc,  28  miles  S.  of  Tipton.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  woollen- 
mill,  and  a  furnace  for  smelting  lead,  which  is  mined  here. 

Gray?  gri,  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute-Saone,  on  the 
Sa&ne,  here  bordered  by  a  fine  quay,  36  miles  by  rail  S.W. 
of  Vesoul.  It  has  a  communal  college,  a  public  library,  an 
old  palace  of  the  dukes  of  Burgundy,  cavalry  barracks. 
Urge  flour-mills,  tanneries,  steam  saw-mills,  oil-mills,  many 
Other  factories,  and  an  active  trade.  Pop.  7345. 
83 


Gray,  a  county  of  the  Panhandle  of  Texas,  traversed 
by  the  North  Fork  of  Red  River.  Area,  900  square  miles. 
Pop.  in  1880,  56;  in  1890,  208. 

Gray,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co..  Me.,  in  Gray 
township,  about  18  miles  N.  of  Portland,  and  3  miles  W. 
of  the  Maine  Central  Railroad.  It  has  an  academy,  3 
churches,  a  woollen-mill,  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and 
steel  shuttles.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1738.  Gray  Station 
is  19  miles  N.  of  Portland. 

Gray,  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.    See  Graysville. 

Gray,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  0. 

Gray,  a  township  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  2533. 

Gray'bill,  a  station  in  York  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Hanover 
&  York  Railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of  York. 

Gray  Eagle,  ee'g'l,  a  township  of  Todd  co.,  Minn. 
Pop.  124. 

Gray  Hawk,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Ky. 

Gray'land,  a  station  in  Cook  co.,  III.,  on  the  Chicago 
it  Milwaukee  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Chicago. 

Gray'ling,  a  post-town  of  Crawford  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Au  Sable  River,  and  on  the  Mackinaw  division  of  the 
Michigan  Central  Railroad,  93  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Bay  City. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  graded  schools, 
a  box-factory,  saw-mills,  <fec.  The  excellent  grayling  fish 
is  found  near  this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  1558. 

Graylock,  Massachusetts.    See  Gkeylock. 

Gray  Peak,  a  mountain  of  the  Adirondack  group,  in 
Essex  CO.,  N.Y.,  has  an  altitude  of  4902  feet. 

Gray  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Titus  co.,  Tex.,  about  70 
miles  N.W.  of  Marshall. 

Gray's,  a  station  in  Lycoming  co..  Pa.,  on  the  North- 
ern Central  Railroad,  about  16  miles  N.  of  Williamsport. 

Grays'burg,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  Tenn.,  about 
20  miles  N.  of  Greenville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  seminary, 
and  a  manufactory  of  barj'ta. 

Gray's  Chapel,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Ala. 

Gray's  Chapel,  a  j)ost-office  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C. 

Gray's  Cor'ners,  a  hamlet  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Half  Moon  township,  3  miles  from  Crescent  Station.  It 
has  a  church. 

Gray's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.C. 

Gray's  £d'dy,  a  station  on  the  Alleghany  Valley 
Railroad,  56  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  and  8  miles 
S.E.  of  Red  Bank  Furnace,  Pa. 

Gray's  Fer'ry,  a  station  within  the  limits  of  Phila- 
delphia, Pa.,  on  the  Schuylkill  River,  and  on  the  Philadel- 
phia, Wilmington  <t  Baltimore  section  ot  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  3  miles  from  Broad  Street  Station.  Near  here  is 
the  Schuylkill  East  Side  Station  of  the  Baltimore  &,  Ohio. 

Gray's  Flat,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  AV.  Va. 

Gray's  Har'bor,  an  inlet  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  in 
Chehalis  co.,  Washington.  The  Chehalis  River  enters  the 
eastern  end  of  this  inlet,  which  extends  from  the  ocean 
inland  nearly  15  miles.  Vessels  drawing  18  or  20  feet  of 
water  can  enter  this  harbor,  which  is  safe  and  commodious 
and  has  an  area  of  about  150  square  miles. 

Gray's  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Roane  co.,  Tenn. 

Gray's  Land'ing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Monongahela  River,  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Uniontown. 
It  has  a  distillery. 

Gray's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Holmes  co.,  Miss.,  8 
miles  S.W.  of  Durant. 

Grayson,  gra'spn,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of 
Kentucky,  has  an  area  of  about  650  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  Rough  Creek,  and  is  also  drained  by 
Caney  and  Nolin  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  moderately  fertile.  More  than  one- 
third  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  Indian  corn,  pork, 
tobacco,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  Limestone 
underlies  part  of  this  county,  which  is  intersected  by  the 
Newport  News  <t  Mississippi  Valley  Railroad,  which  passes 
through  Leitchfield,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,580;  in 
1880,  15,784;  in  1890,  18,688. 

Grayson,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area 
of  about  960  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Red 
River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the  East  Fork  of  Trinity 
River.  The  surface  is  undulating  and  extensively  covered 
with  forests  of  the  ash,  hickory,  oak,  osage  orange,  and 
walnut ;  the  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  cotton,  cattle, 
oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Houston  &  Texas  Central  Railroad,  which 
connects  at  Red  River  with  the  Missouri,  Kansas  <fc  Texas 
Railroad,  and  by  the  St.  Louis  Southwestern  Railway.  A 
branch  of  the  Texas  <fc  Pacific  Railroad  terminates  in  this 
county.  Capital,  Sherman.  Pop.  in  1870,  14,387;  in  1880, 
38,108;  in  1890,  53,211. 

Grayson,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Virginia,  bor- 


<}RA 


1306 


ORE 


d«ring  on  North  Cuolina,  has  an  area  of  about  400  K|uar« 
milw.  It  U  intarMCted  by  the  Mow  or  Kanawha  Kiver. 
The  surface  is  mountainous,  and  nearly  half  of  it  is  cov- 
ered with  foreata.  A  long  ridge,  oallod  Iron  Mountain, 
•ztends  along  the  N.  border  of  this  eounty.    The  valleys 

Erodaea  Indian  oom,  oats,  and  grass.     Iron  ore  is  found 
ere.    CapiUl,  Independenoe.    Pop.     in   1870,  9587;   in 
1880,  13,0d.S ;  in  18»U,  14,3U4. 

Grayson,  a  post-office  of  Crittenden  oo..  Ark.,  7  miles 
(direct)  S.  of  Marion. 

Grayson,  California.    See  GnArsoKviLLR. 

Grayson,  a  post-village,  oanitui  of  Carter  eo.,  Ky.,  is 
on  Little  Sandy  Hiver,  23  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  River- 
ton.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  rail- 
road raaohine-shop,  Ae.     Pop.  433. 

Grayson  Old  Court-House,  Va.    See  Old  Towh. 

Grayson  Springs,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort 
of  Qrayson  oo.,  Ky.,  4i  miles  E.S.E.  of  Leitohtield,  and  3 
miles  S.  of  the  Paduoah  &  Elizabethtown  Railroad.  It  has 
a  large  hotel  and  mineral  springs. 

Grayson  Springs  Station,  a  post-village  of  Gray- 
eon  00.,  Ky.,  on  the  Paducah  &  Elizabethtown  Railroad, 
86  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Louisville,  and  3  miles  N.  of  Qrayson 
Springs.     It  has  a  churoh,  3  stores,  a  saw-iuill,  &e, 

Gray'sonville,  or  Gray'son,a  post-villago  of  Stan- 
islaus CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  San  Joaquin  River,  30  miles  S.  of 
Stockton. 

Graysonrille,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  oo..  Mo.,  in 
Hardin  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Rook  Island  &  Pacific 
Railroad,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Leavenworth,  Kansas.  It  has 
3  churches. 

Gray's  Peak,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Rooky  Moun- 
tains, on  or  near  the  E.  border  of  the  Middle  Park,  about 
50  miles  W.  of  Denver,  in  lat.  39°  38'  N.,  Ion.  105°  48' 
46"  W.  It  rises  14,341  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Its 
sides  are  covered  with  forests  of  large  evergreen  trees, 
among  which  are  the  Douglas  spruce  {Abies  Bouglasii) 
and  the  yellow  pine  (Pinut  ponderoaa). 

Grays'port,  a  post-village  of  Grenada  co.,  Miss.,  on 
the  Yalabusha  River,  12  miles  E.  of  Grenada,  and  about  44 
miles  S.  of  Oxford.    It  has  a  church  and  several  stores. 

Gray's  River,  a  small  stream  of  Pacific  co.,  Washing- 
ton, enters  the  Columbia  River  15  miles  N.E.  of  Astoria. 
Small  vessels  can  ascend  it  10  miles. 

Gray's  River,  a  post-office  of  Pociflo  co.,  Washington, 
on  Gray's  River. 

Gray's  Sum'mit,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  oo..  Mo., 
on  the  Missouri  Pacific  lUiilroad,  41  miles  W.  by  S.  of  St. 
Louis.    It  has  a  drug-store,  2  general  stores,  and  2  churches. 

Gray's  Thur'rock,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Essex, 
on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Thames,  and  on  a  railway,  3  miles 
N.W.  of  Gravesend.  The  town  has  a  pier  and  large  brick- 
works.    Pop.  of  parish,  2806. 

Gray'stone,  a  village  in  North  Providence  township, 
Providence  oo.,  R.I.,  on  the  Woonasquetucket  River,  and 
on  the  Providence  <fc  Springfield  Railroad,  7  miles  N.W.  of 
Providence.     It  has  a  manila-paper  mill.     Pop.  82. 

Grays'ville,  a  post-village  of  Catoosa  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Western  &  Atlantic  Railroad,  18  miles  E.S.E.  of  Chatta- 
nooga.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  lime-kiln. 

Graysville,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Turman  township,  about  28  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Tcrre  Haute. 
It  has  2  churches. 

»'    Graysville,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co.,  Mo. 
"■    Graysville,  or  Gray,  a  post-village  of  Herkimer  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Ohio  township,  about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Utica.     It 
has  a  church,  a  tannery,  4  stores,  and  about  30  houses.    The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Gray. 

Graysville,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  0.,  in  Wash- 
ington township,  about  25  miles  N.E.  of  Marietta.    Pop.  199. 

Graysville,  a  hamlet  of  Greene  co..  Pa.,  in  Rich  Hill 
township,  13  miles  W.  of  Waynesburg. 

Graysville,  a  post-village  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa., 
about  25  miles  N.E.  of  Altoona.     It  has  a  church. 

Graysville,  a  post-office  of  Rhea  co.,  Tcnn. 

Graysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Floyd  co.,  Va.,  about  70 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Lynchburg. 

Gray'town,  a  post-village  on  the  Lake  Shore  Rail- 
road, in  Ottawa  co.,  0.,  18  miles  E.  of  Toledo.  It  has  a 
church,  3  saw-mills,  a  stave-factory,  Ac. 

GraytOAVn,  a  post-village  of  Bexar  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
San  Antonio  River,  20  miles  S.E.  of  San  Antonio.  It  has 
a  chcrch.    Pop.  about  300. 

Graytown,  a  borough  of  Victoria,  Australia,  75  miles 
N.  of  Melbourne.     It  has  gold-mines.     Pop.  1422. 

Gray'ville,  a  post-village  in  Grayville  township,  White 
«o.,  111.,  on  the  Wabash  River,  and  on  the  Cairo  A  Tin- 


oennoa  Railroad,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Carmi,  and  40  miles  S.W. 
of  Vinocnno;!.  It  oontiiins  6  churches,  2  nownjuiper  offices, 
2  bonks,  2  llour-uiills,  2  saw-mWls,  2  stave- factories,  and  2 
planing  mills.     Pop.  in  1880,  loS.l;  in  1800,  1999. 

Gray  Wil'low,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kane  oo..  111.,  7  miles 
N.W.  of  St.  Charles.     It  has  a  cheese-factory, 

Grazalema,  gr4-th4-IA'm4,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  48  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cadiz.  Poj>.  6349.  It  stands  on  a 
steep  rock  in  the  sierra  of  the  same  name. 

Grazierville,  gri'ih^r-vil,  a  station  in  Blair  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Tyrone. 

Grazzano,  a  village  of  Italy.     See  Orassano. 

Grea'son,  a  pout-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad,  5  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Car- 
lisle. 

Greasy  (gree'ze)  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Floyd  co.,  Va. 

Greasy  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co.,  0. 

Greasy  Valley,  a  post-offioo  of  Van  Buron  co.,  Ark. 

Greata,  a  river  of  England.    See  Gheta. 

Great  Abaco,  West  Indies      See  Adaco. 

Great  Augh'wick  Creek,  of  Pennsylvania,  enters 
the  Juniata  River  in  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa. 

Great  Barrier  Island,  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Otea. 

Great  Harrington,  bear'ing-t9n,  a  post-village  of 
Berkshire  eo.,  Mass.,  in  Great  Barrington  township,  on  the 
Ilousatonio  River,  and  on  the  Housatonic  Railroad,  25 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Pittsfield,  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  Albany,  and 
28  miles  E.  of  Hudson,  N.Y.  It  is  surrounded  by  pic- 
turesque scenery.  It  has  4  churches,  a  savings-bank,  a 
national  bank,  a  high  school,  a  new.spaper  office,  manufac- 
tures of  woollen  goods  and  lumber,  and  2  superior  hotels. 
Quarries  of  good  building-stone  have  been  opened  here. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890.  4fil2. 

Great  Ba'sin,  a  plateau,  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Wahsatch  Mountains,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Sierra  Ne- 
vada Range.  It  comprises  the  western  part  of  Utah,  and 
nearly  all  the  state  of  Nevada,  extending  E.  and  W.  about 
450  miles,  with  a  width  nearly  equal  to  its  length.  The 
surface  is  diversified  by  numerous  mountain-ridges,  rising 
from  a  table-land  the  lowest  part  of  which  is  nearly  4500 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Fresh  water  is  scarce  in 
this  vast  basin,  the  rivers  of  which  send  no  tribute  to  the 
ocean,  but  either  sink  in  the  desert  sand,  evaporate,  or  flow 
into  some  saline  lake.  Among  the  remarkable  features  of 
this  basin  is  Great  Salt  Lake.  Rocks  of  the  tertiary  forma- 
tion underlie  a  large  part  of  this  region.  The  mountain- 
ridges  are  composed  of  granite  or  other  primary  (azoic) 
rocks,  the  highest  rising  about  8000  feet  above  the  sea- 
level.  "  Although  a  basin  in  fact  so  far  as  its  water-drain- 
age is  concerned,  yet  its  surface  does  not  sweep  down  from 
the  surrounding  rim  to  a  central  depression,  but,  on  the 
contrary,  its  areas  of  greatiwt  depression  are  to  be  found 
near  the  borders,  while  its  central  portion  reaches  a  much 
greater  elevation  and  is  broken  into  a  series  of  detached 
ridges."  (Report  of  the  Geological  Survey  for  1871.)  The 
quantity  of  rain  that  falls  here  is  small,  and  irrigation  is 
required  to  render  the  soil  productive.  This  basin  is 
nearly  destitute  of  good  timber. 

Great  Basses,  Ceylon.    See  Basses. 

Great  Bear  Lake,  in  British  North  America,  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Arctic  Circle.  Its  shape  is  irregular,  and 
it  has  an  area  of  about  14,000  square  miles.  Length,  from 
N.  to  S.,  nearly  150  miles;  breadth,  from  E.  to  W.,  about 
the  same.  Its  surplus  water  is  discharged  through  Bear 
River  into  the  Mackenzie  River. 

Great  Bed'win,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Wilts,  on 
the  Kennet  &  Avon  Canal,  4  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Ilunger- 
ford.     Pop.  of  parish,  2068. 

Great  Belt.    See  Belts,  Great  and  Little. 

Great  Belt,  a  post-village  of  Butler  co..  Pa.,  and  a  • 
station  on  the  Western  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  l6  miles 
S.E.  of  Butler.     It  has  a  church,  a  machine-shop,  and  a 
carriage-shop. 

Great  Bend,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Barton  co.,  Kan- 
sas, on  the  Arkansas  River,  and  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka 
A  Santa  F6  Railroad,  84  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Newton,  and  83 
miles  N.E.  of  Dodge  City.  The  river,  which  above  this 
place  runs  northeastward,  here  changes  its  course  to  the 
S.E.  Great  Bend  has  8  churches,  3  banks,  public  schools, 
a  court-house,  4  newspaper  offices,  2  planing-mills,  and  2 
large  flouring-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  2450. 

Great  Bend,  a  township  of  Cottonwood  co.,  Minn. 
Pop.  165. 

Great  Bend,  a  post- village  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Black  River,  and  on  the  Utica  A  Black  River  Railroad,  11 
miles  by  rail  above  AVatertown.  It  has  2  churches,  a  paper- 
mill,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 


6RE 


1307 


GRE 


Great  Bend,  a  post-office  of  Meigs  oo.,  0.,  on  the 
Ohio  River. 

Great  Bend,  a  post-borough  of  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa., 
in  Great  Bend  township,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  on  the 
Delaware,  Lackawanna  <fc  "Western  Railroad,  and  on  the 
Erie  Railroad,  200  miles  from  New  York,  47  miles  N.  of 
Scranton,  and  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Binghamton.  The  sur- 
rounding country  is  finely  diversified  by  hills  and  valleys. 
It  has  2  banks,  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  manufactures  of  steam-engines  and  leather. 
Top.  in  1880,  1136;  in  1890,  1002. 

Great  Bend  Village,  a  post- village  of  Susquehanna 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  opposite  the  borough 
of  Great  Bend.  It  is  on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  & 
Western  Railroad  and  the  Erie  Railroad,  14  miles  from 
Binghamton.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  500. 

Great  Berkhamp'stead,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Ilerts,  on  the  Grand  Junction  Canal,  28  miles  by  rail  N.W. 
of  London.  It  has  a  spacious  church,  which  contains  12 
small  chapels,  a  grammar-school,  a  blue-coat  school,  numer- 
ous smaller  charities,  a  jail  with  house  of  correction,  and 
the  remains  of  a  strong  castle  famous  in  English  history. 
Cowper  thepoet  was  born  here  in  1781.     Pop.  4088. 

Great  Bradford,  England.    See  Bkadfoud. 

Great  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Norfolk  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Albemarle  &  Chesapeake  Canal,  at  the  head  of  Eliza- 
beth River,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Norfolk.     It  has  2  churches. 

Great  Britain,  or  Britain,  brit't'n  (Fr.  Grande 
Bretaqne,  gr6Nd  br§h-tin' ;  It.  Oran  Brettagna,  grin  brSt- 
t&n'yi;  Sp.  Gran  Bretafla,  grin  bri-tin'yi;  Ger.  Gro»s 
Bn'tannien,  groce  bre-tin'ne-?n;  anc.  Al'bion,  afterwards 
BrUan'nia  or  Britan'nia  Major, — major,  i.e.,  "  greater," 
being  added  in  order  to  distinguish  it  from  Brittany,  which 
was  also  sometimes  called  Britannia  or  Britannia  Minor, 
i.e.,  "  Lesser  Britain"),  the  largest  island  of  Europe,  con- 
taining the  countries  of  England,  Wales,  and  Scotland. 
Lizard  Point,  its  southern  extremity,  is  in  lat.  49°  57'  30" 
N.,  Dunnet  Head,  in  Caithness,  the  most  N.  point,  in  lat. 
68°  40'  24"  N.  The  most  E.  point  is  Lowestoft,  on  the  coast 
of  Norfolk,  1°  46'  E.  Ion.  The  most  W.,  Airdnamurchan 
Point,  in  the  N.  part  of  Argyleshire,  Scotland,  is  in  6°  13' 
W.  Ion.  The  distance  from  Lizard  Point  to  Dunnet  Head  is 
about  608  miles.  The  greatest  breadth  of  the  island,  from 
Land's  End  to  the  easternmost  part  of  Kent,  is  about  311 
miles.  The  general  form  of  Great  Britain  is  wedge-shaped, 
being  broadest  at  its  S.  extremity  and  narrowest  at  its 
northern.  Its  eastern  coast  forms  a  waving  and  continuous 
though  not  unbroken  lino,  but  the  western  coast  is  extremely 
irregular,  and  deeply  indented  with  many  bays  and  arms 
of  the  sea,  interspersed  with  numerous  islands.  The  S.E. 
part  of  Britain  is  a  level  alluvial  surface,  the  centre  un- 
dulating and  hilly,  the  W.  and  N.AV.  mountainous  and  ir- 
regular. In  the  N.  and  W.  azoic  rocks  prevail ;  in  the 
middle  districts  coal,  lime,  salt,  and  ironstone  are  abundant, 
and  these  are  succeeded  in  England,  in  its  E.  and  S.E.  coun- 
ties, by  oolite,  chalk,  and  the  newer  geological  formations. 
A  mountain-range,  more  or  less  elevated,  extends  from  S. 
to  N.  of  the  island.  Beginning  at  Land's  End,  in  Cornwall, 
and  traversing  Devonshire,  Somersetshire,  and  Wales,  it 
varies  in  elevation  from  1600  to  3500  feet.  The  highest 
summit  in  this  branch,  as  also  in  South  Britain,  is  Snowdon,  in 
Wales,  3570  feet.  Another  branch  extends  from  the  Cots- 
wold  Ilills,  Gloucestershire,  and  runs  through  Derbyshire, 
Staffordshire,  Yorkshire,  Cumberland,  Westmoreland,  and 
Northumberland,  with  elevations  from  2000  to  3000  feet; 
highest  summit,  Seawfell,  in  Cumberland,  3208  feet.  Suc- 
ceeding these  are  the  Cheviots,  between  England  and  Scot- 
land;  highest  summit,  Cheviot  Peak,  in  Northumberland, 
2676  feet.  Farther  N.  is  the  Grampian  range,  which  inter- 
sects Scotland,  and  contains  Ben  Nevis  in  the  W.,  rising  to 
the  height  of  4406  feet,  the  highest  elevation  in  the  British 
Isles.  The  most  considerable  rivers  are  the  Severn,  Dee, 
Mersey,  and  Clyde,  on  the  W. ;  and  the  Thames,  Trent,  Ouse, 
Humber,  Tyne,  Forth,  Tay,  and  Spey,  on  the  E.  The  prin- 
cipal lakes  are  those  of  Cumberland  and  Westmoreland  in 
England,  and  Lochs  Lomond,  Tay,  Ness,  and  Maree,  in  Scot- 
land. Loch  Lomond,  the  largest  lake  in  Great  Britain,  has 
an  area  of  34  square  miles.  The  principal  bays  and  estu- 
aries are  the  Bristol  Channel,  Cardigan  Bay,  Lancaster 
Bay,  Solway  Firth,  Firth  of  Clyde,  Firth  of  Lorn,  and  the 
Minch,  on  the  W. ;  the  estuary  of  the  Thames,  the  AVash, 
the  Jlumber,  and  the  Firths  of  Forth,  Tay,  Moray,  and 
Cromarty,  on  the  E. ;  while  on  the  S.  there  are  Falmouth, 
Plymouth,  and  Portsmouth  harbors,  and  Spithead. 

The  British  Islet,  or  "  United  Kingdom  of  Great  Britain 
and  Ireland,"  form  an  archipelago  of  hundreds  of  islands 
and  rocks,  at  a  short  distance  from  the  W.  shores  of  Central 


Europe,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  North  Sea,  the 
Strait  of  Dover,  and  the  English  Channel.  Including  th» 
Norman  or  Channel  Isles,  which  do  not  strictly  belong  to 
the  archipelago,  the  latitude  extends  from  49°  13'  to  60°  49' 
N.,  and  the  longitude  from  1°  45'  E.  to  10°  26'  W.  The 
principal  islands  and  groups  are  Britain,  Ireland,  the  Isle 
of  Wight,  Anglesca,  Man,  the  Scilly  Islands,  Bute,  Arran, 
and  the  Hebrides,  Orkney,  and  Shetland  Islands.  Area 
of  the  archipelago,  121,607  square  miles;  pop.  in  1871, 
31,629,299  ;  in  1891,  37,888,153.  Being  surrounded  by  the 
ocean,  and  having  a  branch  of  the  Gulf  Stream  flowing 
along  the  AV.  coasts,  the  mean  annual  temperature  of  the 
British  Isles  is  equal  to  that  of  countries  in  much  lower 
latitudes  on  the  continent  of  Europe,  while  the  winter  tem- 
perature is  much  higher.  The  mean  annual  temperature 
of  the  central  parts  of  the  archipelago  is  about  49°  Fahr., 
that  of  Unst,  in  Shetland,  being  44.5°,  and  of  Cornwall,  in 
the  extreme  S.,  51.5°.  The  average  rainfall  is  33.79  inches. 
The  prevailing  winds  for  nine  months  of  the  year  are  S.AV., 
AV.,  and  N.AV.  From  March  to  May,  E.,  N.E.,  and  N.  winds 
prevail.  Though  variable,  the  climate  of  Britain  is  found, 
from  tables  of  longevity,  to  be  one  of  the  most  salubrious 
in  the  world  ;  while  the  very  general  cultivation  and  drain- 
age of  the  soil  have  removed  those  maladies  that  originate 
in  marsh  effluvia.  AA'^ithin  the  last  century  the  average 
longevity  of  the  population  has  been  much  increased.  In 
1800  the  average  mortality  was  1  in  32 ;  in  1871,  1  in  44. 
The  indigenous  vegetation  partakes  of  the  character  of  that 
of  the  contiguous  parts  of  Europe,  and  contains  few  or  no 
species  peculiar  to  the  archipelago.  All  the  grains  and 
grasses,  and  the  common  European  fruits,  grow  in  almost 
all  situations  not  too  elevated,  and  both  agriculture  and 
horticulture  have  been  brought  to  great  perfection.  The 
breeds  of  horses,  cattle,  sheep,  and  other  useful  animals  are 
of  the  best  description.  Of  wild  animals  the  fox,  badger, 
wild  oat,  stoat,  martin,  otter,  hare,  and  rabbit  are  the  prin- 
cipal. The  stag  and  fallow  deer  are  still  preserved,  but 
birds  of  prey  are  becoming  rare.  The  eastern  half  of  the 
island  is  generally  an  agricultural,  while  the  western  is  a 
grazing  country.  Estimating  the  entire  surface  at  78,000,000 
acres,  it  is  calculated  that  24,000,000  are  under  crop, 
22,500,000  under  pasture,  16,000,000  waste,  but  capable  of 
cultivation,  and  15,500,000  hopelessly  waste.  The  revenue 
of  the  United  Kingdom  for  1886  amounted  to  £89,581,301, 
the  expenditure  to  £92,223,844,  and  the  national  debt  to 
£742,282,411.  The  value  of  assessed  property  in  1885  was 
forEngland,  £533,429,560;  Scotland,  £61, 125.422;  Ireland, 
£39,912,150.  Exports  of  British  produce,  £212,363,995;  of 
foreign  and  colonial  produce,  £56,107,671 ;  total,  £268,471,- 
666.  Total  imports,  £349,381,087.  The  imports  are  chiefly 
food  and  raw  material  for  manufactures.  The  principal 
articles  of  raw  material  imported  are  cotton,  £37,792,413, 
and  wool,  £23,307,837 ;  a  considerable  amount  of  raw  silk 
is  also  imported,  besides  £10,683,422  silk  manufactured 
goods ;  while  the  exports  consist  chiefly  of  cotton,  woollen, 
and  linen  goods,  metallic  goods,  machinery,  coals,  and  ap- 
parel. The  total  mercantile  fleet  belonging  to  Great  Britain 
at  the  close  of  1885  was  17,018  sailing-vessels  of  3,446,562 
tons,  and  6644  steamers  of  3,973,483  tons ;  making  a  total 
of  23,662  vessels,  and  7,430,045  tons.  The  records  for  many 
years  show  a  pretty  steady  decrease  in  the  number,  with  an  in- 
crease in  the  size  and  aggregate  tonnage,  of  ships.  There  is 
also  a  marked,  though  rather  slow,  decrease  in  the  number  of 
sailing-vessels,  and  a  nearly  corresponding  increase  in  the 
number  and  tonnage  of  merchant  steamers.  The  British 
fisheries  are  among  the  most  important  in  the  world. 
About  £5,000,000  is  invested  in  this  industry,  and  the  an- 
nual catch  of  fish  is  ordinarily  worth  £10,000,000.  The  royal 
navy  numbers  some  258  vessels  actually  in  commission, 
having  a  tonnage  of  16,714  tons;  30  of  these  are  armored 
ships,  aggregating  10,516  tons;  of  the  others  many  are  "pro- 
tected," or  more  slightly  armored.  There  is  also  a  large 
number  of  torpedo-boats.  The  total  military  force  for  the 
United  Kingdom,  the  Colonies,  and  India  in  1887  was 
placed  at  676,156  men,  including  militia,  volunteers,  and 
reserves.  The  regular  forces  in  actual  service  amount 
to  209,480  efiective  men.  The  annual  cost  of  the  army  and 
navy  together,  in  time  of  peace,  exceeds  £31,000,000. 
Large  sums  are  expended  on  military  and  naval  instruction. 
The  total  length  of  railways  in  the  British  Islands  in  1886 
was  19,169  miles;  in  the  whole  empire,  52,450  miles. 
From  the  home  railways  the  total  traffic  receipts  amount 
to  £69,555,774  per  annum.  The  working  expenditures 
amount  to  63  per  cent,  of  the  receipts.  Telegraph  wires 
are  under  the  control  of  the  government.  There  is  an  ex- 
cellent system  of  postal  savings-banks.  The  mining  of  coal 
and  iron-ore  is  very  extensively  carried  on.     Total  ralae 


ORE 


1808 


GRE 


•f  minerals  and  moUls,  £60,000,000.  The  government  ia 
» limited  monnrohy.  The  legislative  authority  is  vested  in 
theMvereign  and  the  Parliament  (liords  and  Commons),  the 
oononrrenoe  of  all  which  estates  is  necessary  to  the  enact- 
ment of  new  lawii,  or  to  the  repeal  of  those  already  in  force. 
The  members  of  the  House  of  Lords  ooniprise  peers  of  the 
blood  royal,  archbishops,  dukes,  marquises,  earls,  viscounts, 
biahops,  barons,  Scotch  represent) live  peers,  and  Irish  rop- 
reaentative  peers,  numbering  in  nil  over  660.  The  Mouse 
of  Commons  consists  of  670  members,  496  of  whom  are 
chosen  by  the  electors  of  England  and  Wales,  103  by  those 
of  Ireland,  and  72  by  those  of  Scotland. 

Nothing  is  known  historically  of  Britain  before  the  in- 
rasion  of  Caesar  (b.c.  65,  54),  except  by  a  few  obscure  al- 
lusions. It  is  conjectured  to  have  boon  originally  peopled 
from  the  adjoining  continent,  first  by  the  Colts  from  Gaul, 
and  afterwards  by  Teutonic  tribes  from  Germany  and  Scan- 
dinavia. After  the  invasion  of  Csesar,  the  Romans  did  not 
return  to  Britain  for  about  a  century ;  under  Agricola,  An- 
toninus Pius,  Severus,  and  Caracalla,  it  was  subdued  (except 
the  extreme  N.)  and  occupied  till  about  a.d.  420,  when  it 
was  abandoned  by  the  Romans.  Agricola  built  a  wall  be- 
tween the  Firths  of  Forth  and  Clyde,  in  order  to  bound  the 
empire  and  defend  it  from  the  Caledonians.  Adrian  erected 
a  wall  from  the  Solway  Firth  to  the  Tyne ;  and  Severus 
built  a  stone  wall  in  the  same  direction,  portions  of  which 
still  remain.  After  the  termination  of  the  Roman  power 
the  greater  part  of  Britain  was  conquered  by  the  Saxons, 
Jutes,  and  Angles,  the  latter  giving  their  name  to  England  : 
this  conquest  commenced  in  449,  and  occupied  about  130 
years.  In  1066  the  Normans  made  a  descent  on  England, 
and  possessed  themselves  of  the  country.  Magna  Churta 
was  obtained  by  the  barons  in  1215.  In  1203  Wales  was 
united  to  England.  In  1604  the  accession  of  James  I. 
united  the  crown  of  Scotland  to  that  of  England.  A  civil 
war  in  Britain  terminated  in  the  execution  of  Charles  I.  in 
1649,  followed  by  a  Commonwealth  that  lasted  eleven  years. 
In  1660  monarchy  was  restored,  when  Charles  II.  ascended 
the  throne  of  his  father.  William  III.  was  called  to  the 
throne  after  the  revolution  of  16S8.  The  legislative  union 
of  Scotland  and  England  took  place  in  1707.  The  American 
war  of  independence  began  in  1776  and  terminated  in  1784. 
The  French  revolution  and  war  with  France  began  in  1793 
and  terminated  by  the  battle  of  Waterloo  in  1815.  The 
legislative  union  of  Ireland  with  Britain  took  place  in  1800, 
and  was  followed  next  year  by  the  first  regular  census  of  the 
British  isles.  In  1829  the  Catholic  Emancipation  Act  was 
passed,  and  a  reform  of  the  British  parliamentary  repre- 
sentation was  effected  by  the  Act  of  1832.  In  1842  the 
tariff  reform  was  begun,  which  has  resulted  in  free  trade ; 
and  in  1854,  in  alliance  with  France,  Turkey,  and  Sardinia, 
war  was  declared  against  Russia,  in  consequence  of  its  en- 
croachments on  Turkey.  In  1855  Sebastopol  was  taken  by 
the  allied  armies,  and  peace  was  established  in  1856.  In  the 
year  following  a  formidable  insurrection  broke  out  in  India, 
which  induced  the  British  government  to  take  the  imme* 
diate  superintendence  of  their  vast  possessions  in  that  coun- 
try into  their  own  hands.  The  cabinet  council  for  carrying 
on  the  business  of  the  state  is  composed  of  the  president  of 
the  privy  council,  the  lord  high  chancellor,  first  lord  of  the 
treasury,  lord  privy  seal,  chancellor  of  the  exchequer,  five 
secretaries  of  state, — viz.,  home,  colonial,  foreign  affairs,  war 
department,  and  India, — first  lord  of  the  admiralty,  presi- 
dent of  local  government  board,  vice-president  of  education 
committee,  chief  secretary  for  Ireland,  and  chancellor  of 
the  duchy  of  Lancaster.  The  courts  of  law  and  local  gov- 
ernment vary  in  different  divisions  of  the  empire ;  but  each 
county  throughout  the  kingdom  is  governed  by  a  lieutenant, 
sheriff,  and  other  officers,  appointed  by  the  crown.  The 
Episcopalian  form  of  church  government,  of  which  the 
sovereign  is  the  head,  is  the  state-established  religion  in 
England,  and  the  Presbyterian  form  that  of  Scotland.  There 
is,  however,  the  most  complete  toleration  of  all  religious 
sects  throughout  the  empire.  The  most  perfect  degree  of 
personal  freedom  is  guaranteed  by  the  Habeas  Corpus  Act 
(which  secures  to  the  suspected  prisoner  a  trial  or  liberation 
within  a  limited  time),  trial  by  jury,  liberty  of  the  press, 
liberty  of  conscience,  and  the  total  abolition  of  slavery. 
Each  city  and  municipal  borough  has  the  election  of  its  own 
separate  corporate  officers.  The  colonies  have  each  a  gov- 
ernor or  lieutenant-governor  appointed  by  the  crown,  and  in 
most  cases  the  governor  is  assisted  by  a  council  and  a  legis- 
lative assembly. 

The  British  Empire  is  the  largest  in  the  world,  extending 
into  every  zone  and  climate,  comprising  more  than  a  sixth 
part  of  the  land  of  the  globe,  and  embracing  under  its  rule 
aeuly  a  sixth  part  of  the  population  of  the  world.    The 


area  and  population  of  its  chief  divisions  are  given  in  th« 
following  taole : 


United  Kingdom 

IlulgulauU 

Gibiiiltur 

Malt* 

European  Possessions 

Biititih  India  (including  British 

Bumiali) 

Stmits  tiettlenieuts 

Ceylon 

Iliing-Iiong 

Laliuiiu 

Aden 

Cyprus , 

Asiatic  Possessions , 


Capo  Colony,  Including  the  Trans- 
VBiil,  Britlsli  Kaffi-aria,  Griqiia- 
land  We«t,  Oriqiialaiid  Ea«t,  and 
Basiitu  Lanil,  but  cxcliiHive  of 
torritories  annexed  in  ISTS 

Natal 

Gold  Coast 

Lagos 

Sierra  Leone 

Gambia 

St.  Helena „ 

Ascension , 

Tristan  d'Acunha 

Mauritius 

Bodrigues 

Seychelles  Islands 

Aniii-ante,  Chagos,  and  otlior 
Islands 

St.  Paul  and  Amsterdam  Islands 
(3  and  25  square  miles) 


African  Possessions.. 


Dominion  of  Canada 

Newfoundland  and  Labrador.. 

Bermudas 

British  West  India  Islands 

Bali/.e,  or  British  Honduras.... 

British  Guiana 

Falkland  Islands 

South  Georgia 


American  Possessions.. 


Australia 

Titamauia 

Now  Zealand 

Cliathani  Island 

Norfolk  Island 

Auckland  Island 

Lord  Howe's  Island 

Kueling,  or  Cocos  Island 

Maiden  and  Starbuck  Island  (5° 
S.,  155°  W.) 


Australasian  Possessions.. 


Feejee  Islands. 


BRITISH  EMPIRE 8,657,058 


Area  in 
sq.  uiilee. 


121,112 

21 

2 

98 


121,2.'» 


003,704 

1,44.') 

24,702 

32 

45 

If) 
2,288 


932,322 


329,495 


17,800 

10,C2G 

1,(100 

468 

21 

47 

34 

45 

708 

43 

106 

100 


360,527 


3,40C,.")42 

490,000 

41 

13,813 

9,000 

85,422 

5,0(K) 

1,670 


4,011,388 


2,984, 
26, 
100, 


3,118,154 


8,034 


Population. 


il88n  36,241,481 

1881)  2,001 

1881)  18.381 

1881)  149,788 


35,411,846 


(1881) 

(1881) 
(1881) 
(1881) 
(1881) 
(1881) 
(1881) 


lU8,790,86i 

42i,:!84 

2,70;»,984 

160,402 

6,298 

84,711 

185,916 


202,305,648 


siiig }  w. 


168 


(1881) 
(1881) 
(1881) 
1881) 
1881) 
1881) 
1881) 
1871) 
1881) 
1871) 
(1871) 

(1871) 
(1861) 


416,219 

4W),(XK) 

75,270 

00,548 

14,200 

6,069 

300 

53 

377,373 

1,108 

11,082 

1,201 
1,509 


2,391,148 


(1881) 
(1881) 
(1881) 
1881) 
1881) 
1881) 
1881) 


4,324,810 

101,374 

13,948 

1,213,424 

27,446 

252,186 

1,553 


Uninhabited. 


6,994,741 


(1881) 
(1881) 
(1881) 
(1871) 
(1871) 

(1869) 


2,136,912 

115,705 

544,032 

130 

481 

70 

37 

400 

79 


2,797,846 


(1881) 


127,095 


249,088,024 


(See  the  countries  named  in  the  above  table.) 

Great  Bucharia,  a  state  of  Asia.    See  Bokhara. 

Great  Butte  des  Morts  (bute  d\  moR),  a  lake  in 
Winnebago  co..  Wis.,  an  expansion  of  the  Neenah  River, 
about  3i  miles  long,  and  from  1  to  2  miles  wide.  The  name 
is  derived  from  mounds  in  the  vicinity,  called  huttea  det 
morts,  or  "  hills  of  the  dead,"  on  account  of  their  containr- 
ing,  it  is  said,  the  bones  of  Indians  slain  in  battle. 

Great  Caca'pon  (often  pronounced  ka'ppn),  a  post- 
office  of  Morgan  co.,  W.  Va.,  and  a  station  on  the  Baltimore 
A  Ohio  Railroad,  32  miles  N.W.  of  Martinsburg.  It  is  on 
the  Potomac,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Great  Cacapon  River. 

Great  Cacapon  River,  West  Virginia.  See  Cacapow. 

Great  Captain's  Islands,  3  in  number,  are  in  Long 
Island  Sound,  S.  of  Greenwich,  Conn.  On  the  western- 
most is  a  fixed  light. 

Great  Caramons',  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipel- 
ago, in  the  Strait  of  Malacca,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Singapore. 
Lat.  1°  6'  N.;  Ion.  103°  30'  B. 


GRE 


1309 


GRE 


Great  Catawba,  N.C.    See  Catawba  River. 

Great  Cat'wick,  an  island  of  the  China  Sea,  off  the 
ooast  of  Cochin  China.     Lat.  10°  6'  N. ;  Ion.  108°  62'  E. 

Great  Coco  Island.    See  Coco  Islands. 

Great  Comoro  Island.    See  Angaziya. 

Great  Cross'ings,  a  post-hamlet  of  Soott  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  North  Elkhorn  River,  2i  miles  from  Georgetown.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Great  Cumania,  Hungary.    See  Cumania. 

Great  Cy'press,  township,  Barnwell  co.,  S.C.   P.  1620. 

Great  Desert.    See  Sahara. 

Great  Doom,  a  river  of  George  district,  Cape  Colony, 
Africa,  an  aifluent  of  Olifant's  River.  To  the  east  of  it  is 
the  Little  Doom. 

Great  Eegholm,  island,  Denmark.    See  Eegholm. 

Great  Egg  Har'bor,  New  Jersey,  an  inlet  of  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  between  Cape  May  and  Atlantic  counties. 

Great  Egg  Harbor  River,  New  Jersey,  rises  in 
Camden  co.,  runs  southeastward  through  Atlantic  co.,  and 
enters  Great  Egg  Harbor  Bay.  It  is  about  60  miles  long. 
Sloops  can  ascend  it  to  May's  Landing. 

Great  E'quinunk^  Creek,  of  Wayne  co.,  Pennsyl- 
vania, flows  into  the  Delaware  River. 

Great  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Potomac  River,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Ilockville.  It  has 
a  church.     The  river  here  falls  80  feet  within  IJ  miles. 

Great  Falls,  a  post- village  of  Straflbrd  co.,  N.H.,  now 
coextensive  with  Somersworth  town.ship,  on  the  Salmon 
River,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Boston  <fe  Maine  Railroad, 
5  miles  N.  of  Dover,  and  48  miles  S.W.  of  Portland,  Me. 
It  has  abundant  water-power,  and  contains  6  churches, 
3  banks,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  large  cotton-manufacturing 
plants,  a  woollen-mill,  a  shoe-factory,  an  oil-distributing 
station,  a  foundry  and  machine-shop,  and  an  electric  street 
railroad.  It  is  partly  built  on  an  eminence,  called  Prospect 
Hill.    Pop.  in  1890,  6207. 

Great  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Fairfax  co.,  Va.,  on  or 
near  the  Potomac  River,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Herndon  Station. 

Great  Faringdon,  England.    See  Farringdon. 

Great  Fish  Bay,  Southwestern  Africa,  is  an  inlet 
of  the  Atlantic.     Lat.  16°  30'  2"  S.;  Ion.  11°  47'  E. 

Great  Fish  River,  a  river  of  Cape  Colony,  rises  in 
the  Sneeuwbergen  (Snowy  Mountains),  flows  tortuously 
S.S.E.  through  the  districts  of  Somerset,  Albany,  Ac,  and 
enters  the  Indian  Ocean  near  lat.  33°  26'  S.,  Ion.  27°  E., 
after  a  S.E.  course  estimated  at  230  miles.  Its  afiSuents 
are  the  Graak,  Tarka,  and  Little  Fish  Rivers. 

Great  Fish  River,  or  Thew-ee-Choh,  a  river  of 
British  North  America,  rises  in  Sussex  Lake,  on  the  N.E. 
side  of  Great  Slave  Lake,  and,  after  a  tortuous  N.E.  course, 
enters  an  inlet  of  the  Arctic  Ocean  in  lat.  67°  7'  31"  N., 
Ion.  94°  39'  45"  W. 

Great  Green  Island,  in  Knox  co..  Me.,  lies  in  the 
Atlantic,  N.W.  of  Matinicus  Island.     Pop.  14. 

Great  Grims'by,  a  town  of  England.    See  Grimsby. 

Great'ham,  a  township  of  England,  co.  of  Durham,  6i 
miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Stockton-on-Tees.  The  hospital 
of  "  God  in  Greatham,"  founded  in  1272,  now  supports  a 
master,  chaplain,  and  13  brethren.  It  has  very  handsome 
buildings  and  grounds  beautifully  laid  out. 

Great  Homorod  River.    See  Homorod. 

Great  Island,  the  largest  of  the  Furneaux  Islands,  in 
Bass's  Strait,  between  Australia  and  Tasmania.  Length,  40 
miles ;  breadth,  12  miks. 

Great  Island,  the  largest  island  in  Cork  harbor,  Ire- 
land. Length,  4i  miles.  It  has  a  fertile  soil  and  many 
handsome  villas. 

Great  Island,  an  islet  of  Ireland,  co.  and  3  miles 
N.E.  of  Wexford,  on  the  N.  side  of  Wexford  harbor. 

Great  Island,  at  the  entrance  of  Portsmouth  harbor. 
New  Hampshire,  near  the  S.W.  side.  On  its  E.  point  is  a 
fixed  light,  lat.  43°  3'  30"  N.,  Ion.  70°  43'  W. 

Great  Island,  a  station  on  the  Newark  &  Elizabeth 
Branch  of  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  3  miles  N. 
of  Elizabeth,  and  6  miles  S.  of  Newark,  N.J. 

Great  KanaAvha,  ka-naw'wa,  a  river  which  "rises  in 
the  Blue  Ridge  of  North  Carolina  and  runs  northeastward 
into  Virginia.  The  part  of  it  which  is  in  North  Carolina 
and  Virginia  is  called  the  New  River.  After  it  has  trav- 
ersed several  counties  of  Virginia,  it  changes  its  course  to 
the  N.W.,  and  passes  into  the  state  of  West  Virginia.  It 
runs  nearly  northward  through  Fayette  co.  to  the  mouth 
of  the  Gaulcy  River,  below  which  its  general  direction  is 
northwestward.  It  intersects  the  counties  of  Kanawha,  Put- 
nam, and  Mason,  and  enters  the  Ohio  River  at  Point  Pleasant, 
W.  Va.  The  name  New  River  is  sometimes  given  to  all  the 
part  which  is  above  the  mouth  of  the  Gauley,  at  which 


place  the  river  is  about  600  yards  wide.  Its  entire  length 
is  estimated  at  460  miles.  Coal  is  abundant  on  the  banks 
of  this  river  in  West  Virginia.  It  falls  22  feet  about  30 
miles  above  Charleston,  and  is  navigable  by  steamboats  from 
its  mouth  to  the  falls,  a  distance  of  more  than  100  miles. 
The  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad  follows  the  course  of  the 
Kanawha  for  about  80  miles. 

Great  Lake,  Tasmania.      See  Clarence  Lake. 

Great  Lion,  a  river  of  South  Africa.    See  Gamka. 

Great  Mar'low,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Bucks,  on 
the  Thames,  here  crossed  by  an  iron  suspension-bridge,  5 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Maidenhead.  It  has  many  good  houses, 
a  handsome  town  hall,  and  a  church,  with  some  manufac- 
tories of  silk,  lace,  and  paper.  It  sends  two  members  to 
the  House  of  Commons.     Pop.  4701. 

Great  3Iills,  a  post-oflice  of  St.  Mary's  co.,  Md. 

Great  Neck,  a  post-village  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
North  Hempstead  township,  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Brooklyn. 
It  is  1  mile  from  Great  Neck  Station,  the  terminus  of  the 
Great  Neck  Branch  Railroad.     It  has  2  churches. 

Great  Nemaha  (nem'a-haw)  A'gency,  an  Indian 
agency,  the  reservation  for  the  Iowa,  Sac,  and  Fox  Indians, 
in  Richardson  co.,  Neb.,  on  the  Kansas  line.   AVhite  pop.  33. 

Great  Notch,  a  station  on  the  Montclair  <fe  Greenwood 
Lake  Railroad,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Jersey  City,  N.J. 

Great  Oak,  township,  Palo  Alto  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  271. 

Great  Ogeechee  River,  Georgia.    See  Ogeechee. 

Great  Ohoopee  River,  Georgia.    See  Oiioopee. 

Great  Par'adise,  a  fishing  hamlet  on  the  W.  side  of 
Placentia  Bay,  Newfoundland,  25  miles  from  Plaoentia. 

Great  Paredon  Kay,  Bahamas.    See  Paredon. 

Great  Pedee,  South  Carolina.    See  Pedee  Riveb. 

Great  (or  San'dy)  Point,  the  N.  extremity  of  Nan- 
tucket Island,  Mass.  It  has  a  fixed  light  70  feet  above  sea* 
level.     Lat.  41°  23'  20"  N. ;  Ion.  70°  3'  W. 

Great  Pond,  a  post-ofiicc  of  Hancock  co.,  Me.,  on  tho 
S.  shore  of  Great  Pond,  28  miles  E.  of  Milford. 

Great  Popo,  Guinea.     See  Popo. 

Great  Saint  LaAv'rence,  aport  of  entry  in  the  district 
of  Burin,  Newfoundland,  on  the  W.  side  of  Placentia  Bay, 
16  miles  S.W.  of  Burin.  It  has  a  fine  harbor,  and  exten- 
sive trade  and  fishery.     Pop.  270. 

Great  Salt  Lake,  Utah,  is  in  the  N.E.  part  of  the 
Great  Basin,  and  at  the  AV.  base  of  the  Wahsatch  Moun- 
tains. It  is  about  90  miles  long,  with  a  breadth  varying 
from  20  to  35  miles.  The  surface  is  about  4200  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea.  This  lake  has  no  outlet.  Its  principal 
tributaries  are  the  Bear,  Jordan,  and  Weber  Rivers,  all  of 
which  enter  at  the  east  side.  It  encloses  several  islands, 
one  of  which,  called  Antelope  Island,  is  about  18  miles 
long.  The  water  is  a  saturated  solution  of  common  salt 
(chloride  of  sodium),  and  has  a  specific  gravity  of  1.170. 
In  100  parts  of  this  water  there  are  22.282  parts  of  saline 
and  non-volatile  matter,  composed  as  follows :  chloride  of 
sodium,  20.196 ;  sulphate  of  sodium,  1.834 ;  chloride  of  mag- 
nesium, 0.252.  Its  greatest  depth  is  about  60  feet.  Several 
species  of  insects  and  a  brine-shrimp  have  been  found  in  it. 

Great  Schiitt  Island,  Hungary.    See  SchUtt. 

Great  Shemogue,shem'o-gwee',  or  Bris'tol,  a  post- 
village  in  Westmoreland  co..  New  Brunswick,  19  miles  from 
Shediac.     Pop.  300. 

Great  Slave  Lake,  a  large  lake  of  British  North 
America,  lies  between  lat.  60°  40'  and  63°  N.  and  Ion.  109° 
and  117°  W.  It  is  about  300  miles  long,  and  50  miles  wide 
at  the  broadest  part.  Its  form  is  very  irregular.  It  is 
partly  supplied  with  water  by  Great  Slave  River  and  other 
streams.  Its  surplus  water  is  discharged  through  the  Mac- 
kenzie River,  which  issues  from  its  W.  end. 

Great  Slave  River,  of  British  North  America,  is 
formed  by  the  Peace  River  after  it  is  joined  by  Stony  River 
from  Lake  Athabasca.  It  enters  Great  Slave  Lake  on  its 
S.  side,  by  two  mouths,  near  Fort  Resolution.  Total  course, 
300  miles. 

Great  South  Bay,  New  York,  is  on  the  S.  side  of 
Long  Island,  about  midway  between  its  E.  and  W.  extrem- 
ities, and  is  partly  separated  from  the  ocean  by  a  long  and 
narrow  strip  of  land  called  Great  South  Beach. 

Great  South  Sea.    See  Pacific  Ocean. 

Great  VaI'ley,  or  Kill'buck,  a  post-village  of  Cat- 
taraugus CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Great  Valley  township,  on  the  Alle- 
ghany River,  tho  Erie  Railroad,  and  the  Rochester  <fe  State 
Line  Railroad,  49  miles  E.S.E.  of  Dunkirk,  and  16  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Clean.  It  has  a  church,  manufactures  of  cheese, 
lumber,  sash,  Ac,  5  stores,  4  hotels,  and  a  planing-mill. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1705. 

Great  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y., 
5  miles  N.N.E.  of  Great  Valley  Railroad  Station. 


Ore 


1310 


GRE 


Great  Valley  Centre^  a  hamlet  of  Cuttaraajirus  oo., 
N.Y.,  4  or  5  miles  N.G.  of  Great  Valley  Stotion.  It  baa  a 
ihinglo-mill  and  a  handle-factory. 

Great  VilMage,  a  seaport  town  of  Nova  Sootia,  oo.  of 
Colchester,  near  the  homl  of  Cubequid  Bay,  3  miles  from 
Londonderry,  and  18  miloe  W,  of  'Iruro.  It  has  10  stores, 
a  hotel,  tannery,  Ac,  with  a  good  shipping  trade.    Pop.  600. 

Great  Works^  a  nust-village  of  Fenob»oot  oo..  Me.,  in 
Milford  tonrnship,  on  the  Ponob^oot  River,  and  on  the  Bnro- 
Mftn  A  North  Amerioan  Railroad,  11  miles  above  Bangor. 
It  has  a  ohoroh  and  lumber-mills. 

Grebe«  grd'b^h,  or  Griftt  grift,  a  small  river  of  the 
Netherlands,  falling  into  the  Rhine  2  miles  E.  of  Rhenen. 

Grebenstein,  gr&'b^n-sttne^  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Hesse-Nassau,  on  the  railway  from  Eisenach  to  Karlshafen, 
11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cossel.     Pop.  2441. 

Greble,  grAb'l,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lebanon  oo.,  Pa.,  about 
25  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Reading. 

Grecian  Archipelago.    See  ^cbav  Sra. 

Gredzlack,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland.    See  Gratz. 

Greece,  grAs  (Or.  'EAAat,  Bellat;  L.  Orie'eia;  Fr. 
Orice,  grAs  or  gris;  Sp.  Orecia,  grA'thc-&;  It.  Grecin,  grA- 
ohe-&;  Ger.  ffn'ecAtfn^oicI,  gree'K^n-l&nt^;  Arab,  and  Turk. 
Room),  a  kingdom  of  Southern  Europe,  situated  between  lat. 
SO"  10'  and  39°  50'  N.  and  Ion.  19°  30'  and  20°  30'  E.  (in- 
cluding the  islands),  bounded  N.  by  Europenn  Turkey,  W. 
by  European  Turkey  (on  the  line  of  the  Arta)  and  the 
Ionian  Sea,  S.  by  the  Meditcrrnnoan,  and  E.  by  tho  iEgoan 
Sea.  It  is  composed  of  a  continental  portion,  which  com- 
prises Hellas  on  the  N.,  and  the  peninsula  of  the  Murea 
(ano.  Peloponnesus)  on  the  S.  (the  two  parts  being  almost 
separated  by  the  Gulfs  of  Patras  ond  Lepanto  on  the  W. 
and  the  Gulf  of  ^gina  on  tho  E.),  and  of  an  insular  por- 
tion consisting  of  the  islands  in  the  ^gean  Sea,  and  the 
Ionian  Islands. 

The  territory  of  Greece  is  nearly  all  mountainous;  the 
culminat  ng  point  of  the  whole  is  Mount  Guiunsi,  in  Doris, 
lat.  38°  38'  N.,  Ion.  22°  15'  E.,  8240  feet  above  the  seiv.  Tho 
principal  chain,  that  of  Pindus,  enters  tho  country  from  the 
N.,  and  Mount  Othrys,  one  of  its  branches,  forms  the  greater 
part  of  the  S.  boundary  of  Thessaly.  S.  of  this,  the  princi- 
pal chain  turns  S.E.,  and  forms  two  branches,  Qilta  on  the 
N.,  and  Parnassus  on  the  S.  Another  chain  extends  from 
the  channel  of  Euripus  to  the  Morea,  which  it  enters  by  the 
Isthmus  of  Corinth.  The  centre  of  the  Morea  forms  an 
elevated  table-land,  enclosed  by  three  mountain-chains,  tho 
most  extensive  of  which  crosses  the  peninsula  on  the  N. 
The  coasts  are  elevated,  irregular,  and  deeply  indented ;  the 
principal  gulfs  are  those  of  Arta,  Volo,  Patras,  Lepanto  or 
Corinth,  ^gina  or  the  Saronio  Gulf,  Nauplia,  Kolokythia, 
Koron  or  Messeniu,  and  Arcadia.  Chief  capes,  Marathon, 
Colonna  or  Sunium,  and  Skropha,  in  Attica,  Skillo,  Malia, 
Matapan,  Gallo,  and  Klarentza,  in  the  Morea.  Off  the  W. 
ooast  are  the  Ionian  Islands.  The  large  island  of  Euboea 
lies  along  the  N.E.  side  of  the  continent,  from  which  it  is 
separated  by  a  narrow  channel,  called  Euripus ;  the  other 
islands  are  partly  scattered  over  the  jEgean  Sea  (Sporades), 
and  partly  collected  into  the  group  of  the  Cyclades.  Greece 
has  numerous  streams,  but  they  are  mostly  rapid  and  unfit 
for  navigation.  The  principal  are,  in  the  N.,  the  Aspro- 
potamo  (anc.  Achelous),  rising  in  Turkey,  an  affluent  of 
the  Ionian  Sea;  the  Phidaris,  which  flows  S.  to  the  Gulf  of 
Patras;  the  llellada,  an  affluent  of  the  Gulf  of  Lamia;  and 
the  Cephissus,  which  flows  S.  to  the  Gulf  of  iEgina.  The 
chief  rivers  in  the  Morea  are  the  Gastouni  and  Rbouphiaon 
the  W.,  and  tho  Pauiisus  and  Iris  or  Eurotas  on  the  S.  The 
only  extensive  lake  is  Topolias  (anc.  Copaia),  in  Bocotia. 

The  climate  is  temperate  and  generally  healthy,  except 
on  some  parts  of  the  coiists;  and  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
lakes  violent  storms  occur  in  spring  and  autumn.  Earth- 
quakes are  rare.  Winter  is  marked  by  rain  in  the  plains  and 
snow  in  the  mountains.  Caverns  and  mineral  and  gaseous 
springs  are  numerous.  Minerals  are  rich  and  varied,  but 
little  worked;  the  very  finest  marble  and  other  building- 
materials  are  abundant;  salt,  extracted  chiefly  from  the 
lagoons  of  Missolonghi,  is  the  most  important  product.  Ar- 
gentiferous lead  is  still  procured  from  Laurium,  as  of  old. 
Vegetable  products  vary  according  to  the  elevation  of  the 
soil.  The  olive,  vine,  fig,  currant-grape,  melons,  rice,  cot- 
ton, the  orange,  citron,  and  pomegranate,  thrive  on  the 
coasts,  and  in  districts  situated  at  an  elevation  of  1600  feet, 
where  also  the  myrtle,  mastic,  and  plane-tree  flourish.  But 
agriculture  is  neglected,  only  one-seventh  of  the  area  being 
nnder  cultivation.  Above  6000  feet  in  elevation  the  moun- 
tains are  in  great  part  covered  with  pine  forests.  The 
principal  domestic  animals  are  sheep  and  goats;  bees  are 
■till  reared ;  wild  animals  are  numerous,  and  game  is  abun- 


dant. Greece  has  few  manufactures,  properly  so  called; 
but  silks,  outtons,  woollens,  chemicals,  ironware,  pottery, 
leather,  and  beet  sugar  are  produced  for  domestic  use,  and 
to  some  extent  for  export.  Railways  connect  Athens  with 
the  Piricus,  and  Ergastoria  with  the  Laurium  mines.  Tlie 
principal  resource  of  the  inhabitants  has  always  been  in 
maritime  oommeroe.  Tho  prinuii)al  poi-ts  are  Athens  (the 
Pirajus),  Patras,  Hydra,  Corfu,  Nauplia,  Syra,  Kalamato. 
and  Navarino.  The  exports  are  currants,  valonea,  cotton, 
wine,  cotton  yarn,  oil,  tobacco,  figs,  sponge,  emery,  metals, 
ores,  <to.,  of  an  average  annual  value  of  about  $12,000,000  ; 
the  imports  have  in  roccnt  years  an  average  value  of  about 
$20,000,000.  The  public  debt  is  about  $80,000,000,  the  larger 
part  of  which  was  contracted  by  the  revolutionists  of  1824- 
25  and  has  not  been  recognized  as  a  national  debt  by  the 
Greek  government.  The  estimated  revenue  for  1886  was 
£.3,306,962,  and  the  expenditures  £3,521,919.  The  people 
belong  to  the  ancient  Greek  race  in  the  W.  of  the  conti- 
nental portion  and  E,  of  Parnassus ;  in  the  Morea  the  same 
race  prevails,  but  is  more  mixed.  Including  the  territory 
annexed  in  1881,  the  area  of  the  kingdom  is  25,111  square 
miles. 


Nomes. 

Chief  Towns. 

Pop.  1889. 

Northern  Greece: 
Attica  and  B<votIa 

257,7C4 
iafi,470 

Lamia  (Zeitoua).-... 

Pelupouiicsiis : 

144,8.'',8 
2111  713 

Achaiii  and  Elig 

Patras 

148|2K5 
18;J,!t<2 
126,U8a 

103,442 
13I,60H 
114,535 
44  li70 

Lacuniu 

Islands : 
Eub«yi  and  Sporades 

Chalcis 

Hermopolis  (Syra)... 

Zante 

Zante 

80,178 
32,181 

Thesaily  (18sl): 
Arta 

Arta 

32,800 
14:),  143 

Trlkhala 

Trikliala. ~ 

1C8,o:h 
138,:i50 

Total 

2,219,389 

Greece  was  erected  into  a  kingdom  under  Otho,  second 
son  of  the  King  of  Bavaria,  in  1835.  He  abdicated,  in 
consequence  of  a  revolution,  October  24,  1862,  and  Prince 
George  of  Denmark  was  proclaimed  King  of  the  Hellenes, 
October  30,  1863.  The  constitution  of  the  kingdom  was 
introduced  after  the  revolution  of  October,  1862,  elaborated 
by  a  Constituent  Assembly,  and  adopted  October  29,  1864. 
The  executive  is  divided  into  seven  departments, — namely, 
the  ministries  of  tho  interior,  finance,  justice,  public  wor- 
ship, war,  foreign  affairs,  and  marine.  There  is  universal 
toleration  for  all  creeds,  but  the  Greek  church  is  the  estab- 
lished religion,  to  which  nine-tenths  of  the  people  belong, 
and  which  acl^nowledges  the  king  as  its  temporal  head. 
The  chief  educational  establishments  are  the  university  at 
Athens,  with  about  1250  students;  five  gymnasia,  at  Athens, 
Syra,  Nauplia,  Patras,  and  Hydra;  and  normal,  polytechnic, 
military,  and  naval  schools.  There  is  an  effective  and  well- 
sustained  system  of  public  instruction. 

The  early  history  of  Greece  is  too  important  to  be  briefly 
summarized.  From  the  remotest  historic  times  it  was  the 
scene  of  events  of  the  greatest  significance  and  interest, — 
events  which  made  it  the  cradle  of  European  civilization. 
But  after  the  Roman  conquest  the  nobler  elements  of  the 
Greek  character  were  less  conspicuous,  and  were  gradually 
lost.  The  Byzantine  civilization  was  essentially  Greek, 
though  nominally  Roman  ;  but  with  the  fall  of  Byzantine 
power  the  Greek  nationality  entered  upon  a  long  period  of 
lethargy,  and  the  people  were  afterwards  handed  over  from 
master  to  master  without  even  the  semblance  of  a  struggle. 
The  crowning  disaster  commenced  A.d.  1438,  when  the 
Turks  first  obtained  a  footing.  A  long  series  of  extermi- 
nating wars  ensued,  during  which  the  Venetians  and  Turks 
contended  for  the  mastery.  The  latter  ultimately  prevailed. 
A  period  of  the  grossest  misrule  and  oppression  followed; 
but  in  1821,  when  degradation  seemed  to  have  reached  its 
lowest  possible  limit,  a  strong  reaction  commenced,  a  new 
spirit  began  to  appear,  and  the  Greeks,  as  if  throwing  off 
their  lethargy,  declared  their  determination  to  be  free.  A 
protracted  struggle  took  place,  but  the  issue  was  still  doubt- 
ful, when  foreign  powers  interfered,  and  compelled  the 


GRE 


1311 


GRB 


Turks,  in  1829,  to  acknowledge  Greece  as  an  independent 
state.  England,  France,  and  Russia  are  the  protecting 
DOwors  of  Greece,  and  jointly  guarantee  her  independ- 
ence. The  Greek  race  is  the  dominant  one  in  Crete,  Samoa, 
and  the  other  Turkish  islands,  and  Greeks  are  found  in 

large  numbers  in  almost  every  part  of  the  Levant. Adj. 

and  inhab.  Gheek  and  Grecian,  gree'shan  (Fr.  Grec,  or 
Grecque,  grdk ;  It.  Gueco,  grA'ko ;  Sp.  Qbiego,  gre-4'go ; 
Ger.  Gbieche,  gree'K§h). 

Greece,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Greece 
township,  5  or  6  miles  N.W.  of  Rochester.  The  township 
is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake  Ontario,  and  on  the  E.  by 
the  Genesee  River.  Total  pop.  4860.  It  contains  a  larger 
village,  named  Charlotte.  Greece  Station  on  the  Ontario 
Lake  Shore  Railroad  is  7  miles  W.  of  Charlotte. 

Greece  City,  a  post-village  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  near 
the  railroad  between  Butler  and  Karns  City,  about  8  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Butler.     It  has  a  bank  and  many  oil-wells. 

Greeding,  gri'ding,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  31  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Nuremberg.     Pop.  1070. 

Greejee,  a  town  of  Dahomey.    See  Gbegapo.iee. 
Gree'ley,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Kansas,  bordering 

,       on  Colorado,  has  an  area  of  about  780  square  miles.     The 

i       surface  is  nearly  level,  and  almost  destitute  of  timber. 

j       Sandstone  is  found  in  the  N.  portion,  and  magnesian  lime- 

l  stone  in  the  N.W.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Missouri  Pacific 
Railroad.     Capital,  Tribune.     Pop.  in  1880,3;  in  1890, 

i        1264. 

Greeley,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Nebraska,  has 
an  area  of  676  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  North 
Loup  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  prairie  ;  the  soil  is 
fertile.     Capital,  Lamartine.     Pop.  in  1890,  4869. 

I  Greeley,  a  post-town  of  Weld  co..  Col.,  on  the  Cache 

1&  Poudre  River,  and  on  the  Denver  Pacific  Railroad,  52 

\       miles  N.  by  E.  of  Denver,  and  54  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cheyenne. 

I        It  is  situated  in  a  fertile  valley,  and  has  a  delightful  cli- 

I  mate.  It  has  8  churches,  graded  schools,  3  banks,  and 
manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber.  Four  newspapers  are 
published   here.      It    has   a  school-building   which    cost 

1        $35,000,  also  an  irrigating-canal  36  miles  long.     Pop.  2395. 
Greeley,  a  township  of  Audubon  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  145. 
Greeley,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  Iowa,  in  Elk 
township,  on  the  Davenport  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  31  miles 
S.E.  of  Fayette,  and  about  40  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Dubuque. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  bank,  and  a  creamery. 
Pop.  about  390. 
Greeley,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  77. 
Greeley,  a  post-village  of  Anderson  co.,  Kansas,  in 

I        Walker  township,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Garnett,  and  about  44 

I        miles  S.  by  E.  of  Lawrence.     It  has  4  churches,  graded 

i        schools,  2  banks,  a  newspaper  ofiice,  <fec.     Pop.  614. 

I  Greeley,  a  township  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas.     Pop. 

I        318.     Post-ofiices,  Mount  Hope  and  Fayette. 

'  Gree'leyville,  a  hamlet  of  Williamsburg  co.,  S.C.,  on 

I        Pritchett  &  Co.'s  Railroad,  14  miles  from  Kingstree.     It 

!        has  a  turpentine-distillery  and  2  stores. 

i  Green,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Kentucky, 

has  an  area  of  about  275  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  Green  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Russell's  Creek. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it 
is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  mostly  calcare'.as  and 
fertile.  Tobacco,  Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Cavernous  limestone  of  good  quality  un- 
derlies this  county.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Louisville  & 
Nashville  Railroad.  Capital,  Greensburg.  Pop.  in  1870, 
9379;  in  1880,  11,871;  in  1890,  11,463. 

Green,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Wisconsin,  borderinc 
on  Illinois,  has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Pecatonica  and  Sugar  Rivers.  The  surface 
is  diversified  with  prairies,  woodlands,  and  hills  of  moderate 
height,  which  are  fertile,  and  cultivated  even  on  their  sum- 
mits. Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  butter,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  Silurian  limestone  underlies  a  part  of 
the  county.  It  is  traversed  by  a  branch  of  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul  Railroad,  and  by  the  Illinois  Central 
Railroad.  Capital,  Monroe.  Pop.  in  1870,  23,611 :  in  1880. 
21,729;  in  1890,  22,732.  ' 

Green,  a  township  of  Mercer  oo..  111.  Pop.  1326.  It 
contains  Viola. 

Green,  a  township  of  Woodford  oo.,  111.     Pop.  933. 
Green,   a  township   of  Grant  co.,   Ind.     Pop.  1115. 
Post-offices,  Point  Isabel  and  Slash. 

Green,  a  township  of  Hancock  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  1117. 
It  contains  Eden. 

Green,  Jay  co.,  Ind.    See  Greene. 
Green,  a  township  of  Madison  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  954.    It 
contains  Alfonte. 


Green,  a  township  of  Marshall  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1097. 

Green,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1345. 

Green,  a  township  of  Noble  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1106.  It 
contains  Green  Centre  and  Merriam. 

Green,  a  township  of  St.  Joseph's  co.,  Ind.,  bounded 
N.W.  by  the  Kankakee  River.     Pop.  964. 

Green,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1293.  It 
contains  Williamsburg. 

Green,  a  township  of  Iowa  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  920. 

Green,  a  township  of  Wapello  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1215. 

.Green,  a  township  of  Mecosta  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  886.  It 
contains  Paris. 

Green,  a  township  of  Hickory  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1217. 

Green,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1434. 

Green,  a  township  of  Livingston  co..  Mo.  Pop.  903. 
It  contains  Utica. 

Green,  a  township  of  Nodaway  co..  Mo.     Pop,  1613. 

Green,  a  township  of  Polk  oo..  Mo.     Pop.  1074. 

Green,  a  township  of  Worth  co..  Mo.  Pop.  703.  It 
contains  0.\ford. 

Green,  a  township  of  Guilford  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1119. 

Green,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River. 
Pop.  1833.     It  contains  Rockville  and  Rome. 

Green,  a  township  of  Ashland  co.,  0.  Pop.  1818.  It 
contains  Perrysville. 

Green,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  0.  Pop.  1490.  It 
contains  Benton,  Greenbush,  and  Mount  Orab. 

Green,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  0.  Pop.  2492.  It 
contains  New  Antioch  and  New  Vienna. 

Green,  a  township  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.  Pop.  4356.  It 
contains  Cheviot,  Bridgetown,  and  some  of  the  northwest- 
ern suburbs  of  Cincinnati. 

Green,  a  post-hamlet  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  about  22  miles 
N.E.  of  Columbus. 

Green,  or  Green'ford,  a  village  of  Mahoning  co.,  0., 
in  Green  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Atlantic  &  Great 
Western  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Canfield.  It  has  several 
churches.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Greenford.  Pop. 
146 ;  of  the  township,  1733. 

Green,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  0.  Pop.  1282.  It 
contains  New  Castle. 

Green,  a  township  of  Ross  co.,  0.  Pop.  1898.  It  con- 
tains Kingston. 

Green,  a  township  of  Scioto  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River. 
Pop.  1882.  It  contains  Franklin  Furnace,  Haverhill,  and 
several  seats  of  the  iron-manufacture. 

Green,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  0.  Pop.  1254.  It 
contains  Palestine  and  Plattsville. 

Green,  a  township  of  Summit  co.,  0.  Pop.  1740.  It 
contains  Greensburg,  or  Inland,  and  has  beds  of  coal. 

Green,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  0.  Pop.  2715.  'tt 
contains  a  part  of  Orrville. 

Green,  a  township  of  Erie  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1395. 

Green,  a  township  of  Forest  co..  Pa.     Pop.  226. 

Green,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  739.  It 
affords  coal  and  some  petroleum. 

Green,  a  township  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.  Pop.  2160.  It 
contains  Taylorsville. 

Green,  a  township  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Ohio  line. 
Pop.  832,  exclusive  of  the  borough  of  Jamestown. 

Green,  a  township  of  Pike  co..  Pa.  It  has  a  church 
and  extensive  lumber-works.     Pop.  919. 

Green'back,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co..  Ark. 

Greenback,  a  station  on  the  Mahanoy  &  Shamokin 
Railroad,  in  Northumberland  eo..  Pa.,  2  miles  E.  of  Sha- 
mokin.    Much  coal  is  here  mined. 

Green'backville,  a  post-village  of  Accomack  co.,  Va., 
on  Chincoteague  Bay,  i  mile  from  Franklin  Railroad  Sta- 
tion, and  about  15  miles  S.  of  Snow  Hill,  Md.  It  has  a 
church,  a  sail-factory,  Ac.     Oysters  abound  here. 

Green'bank,  a  station  in  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  on  the 
Wilmington  &  Western  Railroad,  7  miles  Vf.  of  Wilmington. 

Green  Bank,  a  post-village  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J., 
on  MuUica  or  Little  Egg  Harbor  River,  7  miles  from  Egg 
Harbor  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Green  Bank,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa., 
about  50  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia.     It  has  a  church. 

Green  Bank,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pocahontas  co.,  W. 
Va.,  about  105  miles  E.  of  Charleston. 

Green'bank,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  co,,  Ontario,  6 
miles  S.  of  Wick.     Pop.  100. 

Green  Bay,  a  part  of  Lake  Michigan,  communicaten 
with  the  northern  end  of  that  lake,  and  extends  southwest- 
ward  into  Wisconsin.  It  is  about  90  or  100  miles  long,  and 
from  10  to  20  miles  wide,  having  a  mean  depth  of  500  feet. 
The  Fox  River  enters  this  bay  at  the  S.W.  extremity.  Th« 
surface  is  578  feet  higher  than  the  sea. 


ORE 


1812 


GRE 


<jtreen  Bar*  a  pod-hamlet  of  OI»rk«  oo.,  Iowa,  in 
Or««n  Bair  towoahip,  about  52  milM  S.  by  W.  of  Des 
MoinM.     Pop.  of  th«  township,  630. 

Green  Bay,  a  township  of  Lee  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the  Mis- 
•iMippi  Uivor.     Pop.  631.     It  oontiiins  Wcvor. 

Green  Uny,  a  post-village  of  Prince  Edward  oo.,  Va., 
oa  the  Hichiuond  A  Danville  Kailroad,  61  miles  VV.S.W.  of 
lliohmond.     It  has  3  stores. 

Green  Bay,  a  city,  capital  of  Brown  oo.,  Wis.,  is  situ- 
ated at  the  head  or  S.W.  extremity  of  Green  Bay,  and  on 
the  right  hank  of  Fox  River,  at  its  mouth,  65  miles  N.N.Ji!. 
of  Fond  du  Li»o,  and  113  milo8  N.  of  Milwnukee.  It  is  on 
the  Cbioago  &  Northwestern  Railroad  and  the  Milwaukee  & 
Northern  Railroad,  and  is  the  E.  terminus  of  the  Green  Bay 
&  Minnesota  Railroad,  which  extends  to  Winona,  215  miles 
•'.distant.  It  has  a  good  harbor  and  great  facilities  for  trade 
'  and  navigation.  Three  bridges  aoroiis  Fox  River  connect 
this  city  with  the  city  of  Fort  Howard.  Green  Bay  con- 
tains 13  churches,  a  court-house,  a  high  school,  2  national 
banks,  a  Catholic  academy,  a  convent,  and  many  elegant 
residences.  A  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished here.  It  is  the  see  of  a  Roman  Catholic  bi:<hop. 
Large  quantities  of  lumber  are  procured  in  Brown  co.  and 
exported  from  this  city,  which  has  iron-works  aud  several 
saw-mills  and  factories.  Pop.  in  1860,  2275 ;  in  1870, 
4666;  in  1880,  7464;  in  1890,  9069. 

Green  Bay  Junction,  Wisconsin.    See  Mbrrillan. 

Green  Bot'tom,  a  post-office  of  Cabell  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Ohio  River,  20  miles  above  Huntington. 

Green'brier,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  West  Vir- 
ginia, bos  an  area  of  about  875  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  Greenbrier  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Meadow 
River.  The  Alleghany  Mountains  extend  along  the  S.E. 
border  of  this  county,  the  surface  of  which  is  diversified 
with  picturesque  scenery  of  moantains  and  fertile  valleys. 
It  has  extensive  forests,  in  which  the  sugar-maple  abounds. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products. 
The  White  Sulphur  Springs,  a  fashionable  watering-phice, 
are  situated  in  this  county,  which  is  intersected  in  its 
southern  part  by  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad.  Capi- 
iUl,  Lewisburg.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,417;  in  1880,  15,060; 
in  1890,  18,034. 

Greenbrier,  a  post-hamlet  of  Limestone  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Memphis  <fc  Charleston  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
Decatur.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Greenbrier,  a  post-village  of  Faulkner  co.,  Ark.,  12 
miles  N.  of  Conway.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam  flour-mill, 
'i  stores,  and  a  masonic  hall. 

Greenbrier,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  Ind. 

Greenbrier,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  208. 

Green  Bri'er,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  0.,  in 
Perry  township,  28  miles  S.  of  Barnesville.  It  has  a 
church. 

Green'brler,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northumberland  co., 
Pa.,  about  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Sunbury. 

Greenbrier,  a  post-village  of  Robertson  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  St.  Louis  Jb  Southeastern  Railroad,  21  miles  N.  of  Nash- 
ville.    It  has  a  church  and  a  large  distillery. 

Greenbrier  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greenbrier 
CO.,  W.  Va.,  on  Greenbrier  River,  and  on  the  Chesapeake  & 
Ohio  Railroad,  at  Caldwell  Station,  5^  miles  W.  of  White 
Sulphur  Springs. 

Greenbrier  Mountain,  a  long  ridge,  about  2000  feet 
high,  extending  through  Pocahontas  co.,  W.  Va.,  about  5 
miles  W.  of  the  Greenbrier  River.  Its  direction  is  nearly 
N.E.  and  S.W. 

Greenbrier  River,  West  Virginia,  rises  in  the  Alle- 
ghany Mountains,  near  the  N.E.  extremity  of  Pocahontas 
CO.  It  intersects  that  county,  runs  southwestward  through 
Greenbrier  co.,  and  enters  the  Great  Kanawha  River  in 
Summers  co.,  near  Hinton.     It  is  nearly  175  miles  long. 

Green  Brook,  a  post-office  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Harlem  Extension  Railroad,  at  Rider's  Mill  Station,  9 
miles  S.  of  Lebanon  Springs. 

Green'burg,  a  populous  township  of  Westchester  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Hudson  River.  It  contains 
villages  named  Dobbs  Ferry,  Hastings  upon  Hudson,  Ir- 
Tington,  and  Tarrytown,  and  part  of  the  village  of  White 
Plains.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Hudson  River  Railroad. 
Pop.  in  1880,  8934;  in  1890,  11,613. 

Green'burr,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  Pa.,  1  mile 
S.  of  Booneville. 

Green'bush,  a  post-hamlet  of  Walker  co.,  Ga.,  about 
18  miles  S.W.  of  Dalton.     It  has  a  seminary. 

Greenbnsh,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co..  III.,  8  miles 
N.W.  of  Avon  Station,  and  about  50  miles  W.  of  Peoria. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  300. 


Greenbush,  a  village  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa,  on  th* 
North  River,  14  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Des  Moines.     Pop.  129. 

Greenbush,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co.,  Kansas. 

Greenbush,  a  post-township  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Penobscot  River.  It  contains 
Greenbush  Station  on  the  Euro||Vcan  &  North  American 
Railroad,  23  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Bangor.     Pop.  621. 

Greenbush,  a  post-hamlet  of  Plymouth  co.,  Mass., 
near  the  sea-shore,  and  on  the  South  Shore  Railroad,  2 
miles  N.  of  East  Marshfield. 

Greenbush,  a  post-hamlet  in  Greenbush  township, 
Alcona  co.,  Mich.,  5  miles  S.  of  Ilarrisville.  Pop.  of  town- 
ship, 97. 

Greenbush,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Mich.    P.  1473. 

Greenbush,  a  township  of  Mille  Lacsco.,  Minn.  P.  375. 

Greenbush,  also  called  East  Albany,  a  village  of 
Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Greenbush  township,  on  the  E. 
bank  of  the  Hudson  River,  opposite  Albany,  with  which  it 
is  connected  by  a  railroad  bridge.  It  is  the  W.  terminus 
of  the  Boston  A  Albany  Railroad  and  the  S.  terminus  of 
the  Troy  &  Greenbush  Railroad,  and  contains  the  depot, 
machine-shops,  and  freight-houses  of  the  first-named  road. 
It  bus  also  6  churches,  a  convent,  5  newspaper  offices,  2 
saw-mills,  a  tannery,  a  cigar-factory,  and  anuline-  and 
color- works.     Pop.  in  1890,  7301. 

Greenbush,  a  hamlet  of  Brown  co.,  0.,  in  Green  town- 
ship, 3i  miles  N.  of  Mount  Grab.     Pop.  42. 

Greenbush,  a  post-hamlet  of  Preble  co.,  0.,  in  Gratis 
township,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Dayton.    It  has  a  church.  P.  63. 

Greenbush,  a  post-village  of  Sheboygan  co..  Wis.,  in 
Greenbush  township,  about  22  miles  E.  of  Fond  du  Lac, 
and  1  mile  S.  of  the  Sheboygan  &  Fond  du  Lac  Railroad. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  cheese- factory,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw- 
mill. The  township  contains  a  village  named  Glenbeulah, 
and  a  pop.  of  1973. 

Green  Camp,  a  post- village  of  Marion  co.,  0.,  in  Green 
Camp  township,  on  the  Atlantic  A  Great  Western  Railroad, 
6  miles  S.W.  of  Marion,  and  about  45  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Columbus.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 
The  township  is  intersected  by  the  Scioto  River.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  999. 

Green-Castle,  green-kas's?!,  a  fort,  harbor,  and  fish- 
ing station  of  Ireland,  in  Ulster,  co.  of  Donegal,  on  the 
W.  entrance  of  Lough  Foyle,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Moville. 

Green-Castle,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Down,  on 
the  N.  side  of  Carlingford  Bay,  near  Cranfield  Point. 

Green'castle,  a  village  of  Madison  co..  111.,  24  miles 
E.  of  Alton,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Worden,  and  1  mile  from  Al- 
hambra.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  120. 

Greencastle,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind., 
in  Greencastle  township,  near  the  Eel  River,  and  on  the 
Louisville,  New  Albany  A  Chicago  Railroad  where  it  crosses 
the  Indianapolis  A  St.  Louis  and  Terre  Haute  A  India- 
napolis Railroads,  38  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Indianapolis,  and 
34  miles  E.N.E.  of  Terre  Haute.  It  is  the  seat  of  De 
Pauw  University  (Methodist  Episcopal),  which  was  organ- 
ized in  1835  and  has  about  1000  students.  Greencastle  has 
10  churches,  2  national  banks,  and  manufactures  of  pumps, 
lightning-rods,  ploughs,  spokes,  lumber,  Ac.  Three  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop.  in  1890,  4390;  of 
the  township,  6137. 

Greencastle,  a  post-village  of  Jasper  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Poweshiek  township,  5  miles  N.  of  Colfax  Railroad  Station, 
and  about  22  miles  N.E.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  steam  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  300. 

Greencastle,  a  township  of  Marshall  co.,  Iowa,  trav- 
ersed by  the  Central  Railroad  of  Iowa.     Pop.  1437. 

Greencastle,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  Ky.,  on 
Big  Barren  River,  8  miles  below  Bowling  Green.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Greencastle,  a  post- village  of  Sullivan  co..  Mo.,  16 
miles  by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Milan.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
public  school,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  267. 

Greencastle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.,  in 
Bloom  township,  3i  miles  W.  of  Carroll,  and  20  miles  S.E. 
of  Columbus.     It  has  a  church  and  a  carriage-shop.     P.  59. 

Greencastle,  a  post-borough  of  Franklin  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the 
East  Branch  of  the  Conococheague  Creek,  and  on  the  Cum- 
berland Valley  Railroad,  11  miles  S.S.W.  of  Charabersburg, 
and  11  miles  N.  of  Hagerstown,  Md.  It  contains  8  churches, 
a  high  school,  a  national  bank,  3  newspaper  offices,  and 
manufactures  of  grain-drills  and  church-organs.    Pop.  1525. 

Greencastle  Junction  (Limedale  Post-Office),  a  vil- 
lage of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  & 
Chicago  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Terre  Haute  & 
Indianapolis  Railroad,  2  miles  W.  of  Greencastle.     It  has 
,  a  graded  school;  large  limestone-quarries,  and  lime-kilns.    ' 


GRE 


1313 


GRE 


Green  Centre,  Noble  co.,  Ind.    See  Gheene  Centre. 

Green  City,  Colorado.     See  Corona. 

Green  City,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co.,  Mo.,  12 
miles  by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Milan.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank, 
a  college,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  <kc.     Pop.  318. 

Green  Cove,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Va. 

Green  Cove  Springs,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clay 
CO.,  Fla.,  on  the  St.  John's  River,  30  miles  S.  of  Jackson- 
ville. It  has  9  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  public  schools, 
car-shops,  a  brick-yard,  <fec.     Pop.  in  1890,  1106. 

Green  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  in  Seneca  co.,  runs  north- 
ward through  Sandusky  co.,  and  enters  the  Sandusky  River 
about  3  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Green  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cape  May  co.,  N.J., 
2  miles  from  Rio  Grande  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Green  Creek,  a  township  of  Sandusky  co.,  0.  Pop. 
3666.     It  contains  Clyde. 

Green'dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Ohio  k  Mississippi  Railroad,  about  14  miles  E.  of  Salem. 
It  has  a  basket-factory. 

Greendale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.,  8 
miles  E.  of  Kittanning. 

Green  Dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Va.,  5 
miles  N.  of  Abingdon.    It  has  a  church  and  flouring-mills. 

Greene,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Alabama.  Area, 
544  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  RIack 
Warrior  River,  and  on  the  S.  and  S.W.  by  the  Tombigbee. 
The  former  river  enters  the  latter  at  the  S.E.  extremity  of 
the  county.  The  surface  is  moderately  uneven,  and  is  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton 
and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  the  Cincinnati  &  Ne\V  Orleans  division  of 
the  Queen  &  Crescent  system.  Capital,  Eutaw.  Pop.  in 
1870,  18,399;  in  1880,  21,931;  in  1890,  22,007. 

Greene,  a  northeastern  county  of  Arkansas,  bordering 
on  Missouri.  Area,  691  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  and  S.E.  by  the  St.  Francis  River,  and  on  the  W.  by 
the  Cache  River.  The  surface  is  low  and  nearly  level,  and 
partly  covered  with  forests  of  oak,  hickory,  pine,  <tc. 
Indian  corn  and  cotton  are  the  staple  products.  The  county 
is  intersected  by  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern 
Railroad,  the  St.  Louis,  Arkansas  <fc  Texas  Railroad,  and 
the  Paragould  and  Buffalo  Railway.  Capital,  Paragould. 
Pop.  in  1870,  7573;  in  1880,  7480;  in  1890,  12,908. 

Greene,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  Georgia. 
Area,  361  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Oconee 
River,  which  also  forms  the  S.W.  boundary,  and  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  the  Appalachee  River.  The  surface  is  hilly. 
The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Georgia 
Riiilroad,  which  passes  through  Greensborough,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  12,454  ;  in  1880,  17,547;  in  1890,  17,051. 

Greene,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an 
area  of  about  544  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W. 
by  the  Illinois  River,  and  intersected  by  Apple  and  Ma- 
coupin Creeks.  The  surface  is  partly  undulating  and  partly 
hilly.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Here  are  forests  of  hickory, 
oak,  ash,  elm,  maple,  linden,  and  black  walnut.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
has  valuable  beds  of  bituminous  coal.  Burlington  lime- 
stone, an  excellent  material  for  building,  crops  out  on  the 
bluffs  of  the  Illinois  River.  Greene  co.  is  intersected  by 
the  Chicago  &  Alton  Bailroad  and  the  Jacksonville  & 
Southeastern  Railroad.  Capital,  Carrolton.  Pop.  in  1870, 
20,277;  in  1880,  23,010;  in  1890,  23,791. 

Greene,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Indiana,  has  an 
area  of  540  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  West 
Fork  of  White  River,  and  also  drained  by  Beech  Creek. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  e.\ten- 
sively  covered  with  dense  forests  of  the  oak,  hickory,  maple, 
beech,  <fec.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Beds  of  bituminous  coal 
have  been  opened  in  this  county.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  Railroad,  by  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  system,  and  by  the  Evansville  & 
Terre  Haute  Railroad.  Capital,  Bloomfield.  Pop.  in  1870, 
19,514;  in  1880,  22,996;  in  1890,  24,379. 

Greene,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Iowa,  has 
an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Rac- 
coon (or  Coon)  River.  Tb>  surface  is  undulating,  and  is 
diversified  with  prairies  and  groves.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad, 
the  Des  Moines  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  and  the  Chicago, 
Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  the  first  two  mentioned 
passing  through  Jefferson,  the  capital.  Pop,  in  1870,  4627  ; 
in  1880, 12,727;  in  1890, 15,797. 


Greene,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Mississippi,  bor- 
dering on  Alabama,  has  an  area  of  about  820  square  miles. 
It  is  drained  by  the  Chickasawha  and  Leaf  Rivers,  which 
unite  in  the  S.W.  part  of  the  county  and  form  the  Pas- 
oogoula  River.  The  surface  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  small  trees.  The  soil  is  sandy  and  poor.  Indian 
corn  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Leakes- 
ville.     Pop.  in  1870,  2038;  in  1880,  3194;  in  1890,  3906. 

Greene,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an 
area  of  about  688  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
James  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Sac  River,  which 
rises  in  it,  and  by  the  Pomme  de  Terre  and  Little  Sac  Rivers. 
The  surface  is  partly  undulating  and  partly  hilly,  and  is  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  oats,  pork,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products. 
The  rock  which  lies  next  to  the  surface  is  Silurian  lime- 
stone. This  county  is  intersected  by  the  St.  Louis  <fc  San 
Francisco  Railroad  and  the  Kansas  City,  Fort  Scott  & 
Memphis  Railroad,  both  of  which  pass  through  Springfield, 
the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  21,549;  in  1880, 
28,801;  in  1890,  48,616. 

Greene,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  New  York,  has 
an  area  of  about  660  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  the  Hudson  River,  is  intersected  by  Catskill  Creek, 
and  is  also  drained  by  Schoharie  Creek,  which  rises  in  this 
county.  The  surface  is  rugged  and  diversified  with  grand 
and  picturesque  scenery  of  the  Catskill  Mountains,  which 
present  broad  and  rocky  summits,  deep  ravines,  steep  de- 
clivities, and  precipices  of  great  height.  A  large  part  of 
the  surface  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  chestnut,  elm, 
sugar-maple,  <fec.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  and  lowlands  is 
adapted  to  pasturage.  Hay,  butter,  oats,  and  Indian  corn 
are  the  staple  products.  Several  varieties  of  Silurian  and 
Devonian  rocks  crop  out  in  this  county ;  among  them  is 
the  old  red  sandstone.  It  is  partly  traversed  by  the  West 
Shore  Railroad,  the  Kaaterskill  Railroad,  and  the  Stony 
Clove  &  Catskill  Mountain  Railroad,  the  first  mentioned 
communicating  with  Catskill,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
31,832;  in  1880,  32,695;  in  1890,  31,598, 

Greene,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  North  Caro- 
lina, has  an  area  of  about  310  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  Contentnea  Creek,  a  confluent  of  the  Neuse  River, 
and  also  drained  by  Nahunta  Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  About  half  of  it  is  cov- 
ered with  forests.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Capital,  Snow  Hill.  Pop.  in  1870,  8687 ; 
in  1880,  10,037;  in  1890,  10,039. 

Greene,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Ohio,  hag  an  area 
of  about  416  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Little 
Miami  River,  and  also  drained  by  Mad  River,  which  touches 
the  N.W.  extremity  of  the  county,  and  by  Caesar's  Creek. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  extensively  covered 
with  forests  of  the  ash,  elm,  hickory,  oak,  sugar-maple,  <feo. 
The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and 
pork  are  the  staple-products.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
the  Cincinnati,  Dayton  <fc  Ironton  Railroad  and  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  both  of  which  communicate  with  Xenia, 
the  capital.  The  Erie  Railroad  crosses  its  N.W.  part. 
Pop.  in  1870,  28,038;  in  1880,  31,349;  in  1890,  29,820. 

Greene,  the  most  southwestern  county  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, bordering  on  West  Virginia,  has  an  area  of  about 
640  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Monon- 
galiela  River,  and  also  drained  by  Wheeling  and  Ten  Mile 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  hills  and  deep  ravines. 
A  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  mostly 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  wool,  hay,  butter,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  valuable 
beds  of  bituminous  coal,  limestone,  and  sandstone.  Capi- 
tal, Waynesburg.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Waynesburg  & 
Washington  Railroad.  Pop.  in  1870,  25,887;  in  1880, 
28,273;  in  1890,  28,935. 

Greene,  acounty  of  East  Tennessee,  bordering  on  North 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  580  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Nolachucky  River,  and  also  drained  by 
Lick  Creek,  both  of  which  enter  the  French  Broad  River 
on  the  W.  border.  The  surface  is  partly  mountainous  and 
covered  with  extensive  forests.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  grass,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  has  mines  of  iron,  which 
have  been  profitably  worked,  also  beds  of  Silurian  lime- 
stone. It  is  intersected  by  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  & 
Georgia  Railroad,  which  passes  through  Greeneville,  the 
capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870, 21,668 ;  in  1880,  24,005  j 
in  1890,  26,614. 

Greene,  acounty  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Virginia,  has 
an  area  of  about  200  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E, 
by  the  Rapidan,  and  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Blue  Ridge.    The 


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ORS 


sarraoe  presents  high  ridMS  and  fertile  valleys.  Indian 
oorn,  whejit,  and  oats  are  tlie  staples.  It  is  watered  by  the 
North  Fork  of  Ravenna  River.  Cupitiil,  Stannrdsville. 
Pop.  in  1870,4034;  in  1880,  68:i0;  in  1890,  6A22. 

GreeDe*  a  post-hamlet  in  Qreen  township,  Jay  oo., 
Ind.,  7  miles  W.  of  Portland.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1714. 

Greene«  a  township  of  Parke  oo.,  Ind.,  Pup.  1126. 
It  eontains  Parkvillo. 

Greene^  a  township  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1070. 
It  contains  Fairview  and  Eininettsville. 

Greene,  a  po.xt-village  of  Butler  co.,  luwn,  on  Shell 
Rock  River,  and  on  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  North- 
am  Railroad,  S3  miles  N.W.  of  Cedar  Fall;.  It  has  6 
churches,  2  banks,  2  academics,  3  newspaper  offices,  and  a 
■ash-  and  door-faotory.     Pop.  in  ISUO,  8-15. 

Greene,  a  township  of  Pottawatomie  co.,  Knn.     P.  300. 

Greene,  a  post-township  of  Androscoggin  co.,  Me., 
about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Augusta,  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by 
the  Andrcaooggin  River.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  grist- 
mill. Pop.  SSd.  It  contains  a  hamlet  named  Greene,  on 
the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  7  niilos  N.E.  of  Lcwiston. 

Greene,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Snglnaw  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  Saginaw  Valley  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  20  miles  W. 
of  Saginaw  City.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Greene,  a  township  of  Platte  co..  Mo.  Pop.  2245.  It 
contains  Camden  Point  and  New  Market. 

Greene,  a  post-village  in  Greene  township,  Chenango 
00.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Chenango  River,  and  on  the  Delaware, 
Lackawanna  A  Western  Railroad,  19  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bing- 
hamton,  and  22  miles  S.W.  of  Norwich.  It  has  a  bank,  5 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  union  school,  a  furnace,  and 
a  foundry.     Pop.  1067;  of  the  township,  3164. 

Greene,  a  township  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.  Pop.  868.  It 
contains  Huntsville,  Tranquillity,  Greenville,  Ac. 

Greene,  a  township  of  Clark  co.,  0.     Pop.  1464. 

Greene,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  0.     Pop.  879. 

Greene,  a  township  of  Gallia  co.,  0.  Pop.  1577.  Post- 
office,  Northup. 

Greene,  a  township  of  Harrison  CO.,  0.  Pop.  1547.  It 
contains  Hopedale. 

Greene,  a  township  of  Hocking  co.,  0.  Pop.  1513.  It 
contains  Haydenville,  and  has  beds  of  coal. 

Greene,  a  township  of  Trumbull  CO.,  0.  Pop.  915.  It 
contains  Greensburg. 

Greene,  a  township  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Ohio 
line.  Pop.  1836.  It  contains  Georgetown  and  Hooks- 
town.     It  affords  coal,  and  has  produced  some  petroleum. 

Greene,  a  township  of  Clinton  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1102. 

Greene,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  3357. 
It  contains  Green  Village,  Scotland,  Ac. 

Greene,  a  township  of  Greene  co..  Pa.     See  Greek. 

Greene,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  20  miles 
8.  of  Lancaster.     It  has  a  tannery,  a  saw -mill,  and  2  stores. 

Greene,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  R.I.,  on  the  Hart- 
ford, Providence  &  Fishkill  Railroad,  24  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Providence.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  a 
grist-mill.     Pop.  116. 

Greene  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Noble  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Oreene  township,  about  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Fort  Wayne. 
It  has  a  carriage-factory. 

Greene  Corner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Androscoggin  co.. 
Me.,  2  miles  from  Greene  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Green  Elm,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co.,  Kansas. 

Greene's  liand'ing,  a  post-office  of  Bradford  co..  Pa. 

Greene  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Hale  co.,  Ala.,  15 
miles  N.E.  of  Greensborough.     Here  is  a  boarding-school. 

Greeneville,or  Greenville,  green'vil,  a  post-village, 
capital  of  Greene  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  East  Tennessee,  Vir- 
ginia A  Georgia  Railroad,  74  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Kno.xville, 
and  56  miles  S.W.  of  Bristol.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  Greene- 
ville  and  Tusculum  College  (organized  in  1868),  and  has 
6  churches  and  an  academy.  Three  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.     Pop.  1039. 

Green'field,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Dakota,  12  miles 
N.E.  of  Vermilion. 

Greenfield,  a  post-office  of  Colquitt  co.,  Ga. 

Greenfield,  a  post-viljage  of  Greene  co..  III.,  on  the 
Rockford,  Rock  Island  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  56  miles  N. 
of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  about  30  miles  S.  of  Jacksonville. 
It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  an  academy,  2  newspaper  offices, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  plough-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  1131. 

Greenfield,  a  township  of  Grundy  co..  III.  Pop.  2010. 
It  contains  Gardner,  and  has  mines  of  bituminous  coal. 

Greenfield,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hancock  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  National  Road  and  the  Columbus,  Chicago  A  In- 
diana Central  Railroad,  21  miles  E.  of  Indianapolis,  and 
about  20  mileg  N.  of  Shelbyville.     It  contains  a  court- 


hoaie,  2  banks,  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  machine- 
shop,  a  gnuloil  school,  2  flour-mills,  3  pianing-mills,  2  saw- 
mills, a  furniture-factory,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  31U0. 

Greenfield,  a  township  of  La  Grange  oo.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Michigan  line.     Pop.  1078. 

Greenfield,  a  township  of  Orange  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1430. 
It  oonUiins  Green  Brier  and  Young's  Creek. 

Greenfield,  an  incorporatud  poxt-villnge,  capital  of 
Adair  co.,  Iowa,  21  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Creston.  It  has  4 
churches,  2  banks,  a  graded  school,  a  furniture-factory,  and 
2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  10-18. 

Greenfield,  a  township  of  Calhoun  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop.  239. 

Greenfield,  a  township  of  Jones  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  1091. 

Greenfield,  a  township  of  Warren  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
1399.     It  contains  Grecnbush. 

Greenfield,  a  post-township  of  Elk  oo.,  Kansas,  about 
33  miles  E.N.E.  of  Winfield,  and  14  miles  W.  of  Elk  Falls. 
It  has  a  church.     Pop.  686. 

Greenfield,  a  post-township  of  Penobscot  co..  Me., 
about  22  miles  N.E.  of  Bangor.     Pop.  317. 

Greenfield,  a  beautiful  post-village,  capital  of  Frank- 
lin CO.,  Mass.,  in  Greenfield  township,  near  the  W.  bank 
of  the  Connecticut  River,  and  2  miles  above  the  mouth 
of  the  Deerfield  River,  106  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Boston,  and  3d 
miles  N.  of  Springfield.  It  is  on  the  Connecticut  River 
Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Fitcbburg  Railroad,  30  miles 
E.  of  the  Uoosac  Tunnel.  It  contains  a  court-house,  7 
churches,  3  national  banks,  2  savings-banks,  a  high  school, 
2  public  libraries,  and  a  newspaper  office.  It  is  a  favorite 
summer  resort.  The  township,  which  is  intersected  by 
Green  River,  has  manufactures  of  cutlery,  tools,  l)oots  and 
shoes,  machinery,  Ac.  About  550  men  are  employed  near 
the  village  in  the  manufacture  of  fine  table-cutlory.  A 
part  of  the  village  is  iu  Deerfield  township.  Pop.  of 
Greenfield  township  in  1890,  5252. 

Greenfield,  a  post-townsliip  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich., 
7  miles  N.W.  of  Detroit,  is  intersected  by  the  Detroit, 
Lansing  A  Lake  Michigan  Railroad.  It  has  3  churches. 
Pop.  2465. 

Greenfield,  a  township  of  Wabasha  co..  Minn.,  on  the  ,. 

Mississippi  River.     Pop.  071.     It  contains  Kellogg. 

Greenfield,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dade  co..  Mo.,  in 
Centre  township,  on  the  Sac  River  or  its  West  Fork,  about 
38  miles  W.N.W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  7  churches,  2  banks, 
a  seminary,  and  a  plough-factory.  Three  newspapers  are 
published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  998. 

Greenfield,  a  village  of  Esmeralda  co.,  Nevada,  in 
Mason  Valley,  near  Walker  River,  about  50  miles  S.E.  of 
Carson  City.     Here  is  Mason  Valley  Post-Office. 

Greenfield,  a  post-villiige  and  township  of  Hillsborough 
CO.,  N.H.,  about  25  miles  S.W.  of  Concord,  and  26  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Nashua.  It  has  a  church  and  a  common 
school.     Pop.  607. 

Greenfield,  or  Greenfield  Centre,  a  post-village 
of  Saratoga  CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Greenfield  township.  1  mile  from 
Greenfield  Station  on  the  Adirondack  Railroad,  and  6  miles 
N.W.  of  Saratoga  Springs.  It  hiis  2  churches.  The  name 
of  its  post-office  is  Greenfield  Centre.  The  township  has  6 
churches,  2  paper-mills,  and  a  pop.  of  2692. 

Greenfield,  a  post-village  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Wa- 
warsing  township,  about  33  miles  W.S.W.  of  Rondout.  It 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  in  1880,  971. 

Greenfield,  a  township  of  Fairfield  CO.,  0.  P.  1926.  It 
contains  Carroll,  Havensport,  Gesselville,  and  Dumontville. 

Greenfield,  a  township  of  Gallia  co.,  0.  Pop.  1371. 
It  contains  Gallia  Furnace. 

Greenfield,  a  post-village  in  Madison  township.  High- 
land CO.,  0.,  on  Paint  Creek,  on  the  Ohio  Southern  Railroad 
and  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  74  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cin- 
cinnati, and  24  miles  W.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  7  churches, 
2  banks,  a  union  school,  a  town  hall,  a  newspaper  office,  2 
carriage-factories,  2  flouriug-mills,  and  a  planing-mill. 
Pop.  in  1890,  2460. 

Greenfield,  a  hamlet  of  Logan  co.,  0.,  in  Perry  town* 
ship,  about  44  miles  N.W.  of  Columbus.     It  has  a  church. 

Greenfield,  a  township  of  Huron  co.,  0.  Pop.  954.  It 
contains  Steuben. 

Greenfield,  a  township  of  Blair  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1233. 

Greenfield,  a  post-hamlet  in  Greenfield  township, 
Erie  co..  Pa.,  14  miles  E.  of  Erie.  It  has  a  church,  a  cheese- 
factory,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  1039. 

Greenfield,  a  township  of  Lackawanna  CO.,  Pa.    P.  823. 

Greenfield,  a  hamlet  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  6  miles  N.E. 
of  West  Middlesex.  It  has  2  churches.  Here  is  Worth 
Post-Office. 

Greenfield,  a  borough  of  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
W.  bank  of  the  Monongahela  River,  9  milea  abore  Monon- 


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gahela  City,  and  about  30  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2 
churches.  Coal-mining  is  the  principal  business  of  this 
place.    Pop.  557.    The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Pike  Run. 

Greenneld,  a  post-village  of  Weakley  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Mississippi  Central  Railroad,  40  miles  N.  of  Jackson. 
It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  an  academy,  a  grist-mill,  a  box- 
factory,  &c.     Pop.  801. 

Greenfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nelson  co.,  Va.,  about 
22  miles  S.S.E.  of  Staunton.     It  has  a  tannery  and  a  store. 

Greenfield,  a  township  of  La  Crosse  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  806. 

Greenfield,  a  post-township  of  Milwaukee  co.,  Wis.,  4 
miles  S.W.  of  Milwaukee.     It  has  6  churches.     Pop.  2646. 

Greenfield,  a  township  of  Monroe  co..  Wis.  Pop.  715. 
It  contains  Tunnel  City.  Greenfield  Station  on  the  Cliieago, 
Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad  (La  Crosse  line)  is  4  miles 
W.  of  Tomah,  and  39  miles  E.N.E.  of  La  Crosse. 

Greenfield,  a  township  of  Sauk  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Bara- 
boo  River.     Pop.  766. 

Greenfield  Centre,  Now  York.     See  Greenfield. 

Greenfield  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co..  Conn., 
in  Fairfield  township,  about  6  miles  W.  of  Bridgeport.  It 
has  a  church. 

Greenfield  Mills,  a  post-ofiico  of  La  Grange  co.,  Ind. 

Greenfield  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Frederick  oo., 
Md.,  4  miles  S.  of  Adamstown  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a 
flour-mill  on  Monocacy  River. 

Greenford,  Mahoning  co.,  0.    See  Green. 

Green  For'est,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Ark.,  75 
miles  S.  of  Springfield,  Mo. 

Green  Forest,  a  post-office  of  Rockbridge  co.,  Va. 

Green  Gar'den,  a  post-office  of  Will  co..  111.,  in  Green 
Garden  township,  about  36  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chicago.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1202. 

Green  Garden,  a  post-office  of  Beaver  co.,  Pa. 

Green  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Tennessee  River,  15  miles  S.  of  Huntaville. 

Green  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co.,  Ky. 

Green  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Lackawanna  co..  Pa., 
10  miles  N.  of  Scranton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  hotel. 

Green  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clark  co..  Wis.,  6  miles 
from  Colby.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Green  Hall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Ky.,  30 
miles  N.E.  of  Livingston.     It  has  a  church. 

Green  Har'bor,  a  largo  fishing  hamlet  of  Newfound- 
land, on  the  S.  side  of  Trinity  Bay,  23  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Heart's  Content.   Ship-building  is  here  engaged  in.    P.  210. 

Green  Ha'ven,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Bookman  township,  about  65  miles  N.  by  E.  of  New  York. 

Green'head,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Northumber- 
land, 3i  miles  W.N.W.  of  Haltwhistle. 

Green  Hill,  a  post- hamlet  of  Lauderdale  co.,  Ala.,  17 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Florence.     It  has  a  church. 

Green  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Stewart  co.,  Ga. 

Green  Hill,  a  post-village  of  AVarren  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Medina  township,  about  12  miles  W.  of  Lafayette.  It 
contains  the  Green  Hill  Seminary  and  2  churches. 

Green  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Ky.,  10 
miles  E.  of  Bowling  Green.     It  has  a  church. 

Green  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wicomico  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Wicomico  River,  about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Salisbury.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Green  Hill,  a  post-township  of  Rutherford  co.,  N.C., 
about  28  miles  S.E.  of  Asheville.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
tobacco-factory.     Pop.  1186. 

Green  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.,  in 
West  township,  near  the  Cleveland  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  2 
miles  from  East  Rochester.     It  has  a  church  and  a  coal-mine. 

Green  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilson  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Tennessee  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  about  20  miles  N.E.  of 
Nashville.     It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Green  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Titus  co.,  Tex.,  about  55 
miles  N.W.  of  Jeff'erson.     It  has  2  churches. 

Green  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Campbell  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Staunton  River,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Staunton  River  Railroad 
StaHon.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Green  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Pictou  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
on  the  E.  side  of  West  River,  7  miles  from  Pictou.     P.  200. 

Green'hithe,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  on  the 
Thames,  3  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Dartford.     Pop.  1452. 

Greenholm,  green'hom,  one  of  the  Shetland  Isles,  10 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Lerwick. 

Greenholm,  two  islets  of  the  Orkneys,  IJ  miles  S.W. 
of  Eday.     They  are  uninhabited. 

Green  Horn,  a  post-village  of  Pueblo  oo..  Col.,  on  the 
Greenhorn  River,  28  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pueblo,  and  5  miles 
from  the  Greenhorn  Mountain.     It  has  2  churches. 

Green'horn  River,  Colorado,  rises  near  the  B.  base 


of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  runs  northeastward,  and  cntori 
the  Arkansas  River  in  Pueblo  co.,  about  8  miles  below  the 
town  of  Pueblo. 

Greenhorn  Station,  in  Pueblo  co..  Col.,  is  on  the 
Denver  <fc  Rio  Grande  Ilailroad,  13  miles  S.  of  South 
Pueblo. 

Green-Island,  in  Alaska,  is  at  the  entrance  of  Prince 
■William  Sound. 

Green>Island,  an  island  and  a  village  in  Jamaica, 
on  its  W.  coast,  on  Green-Island  Harbor,  8  miles  S.W.  of 
Lucea.     Pop.  616. 

Green  Island,  one  of  the  Philippines.  Lat.  12°  3' 
N. ;  Ion.  119°  49'  E. 

Green  Island,  a  small  island  in  the  China  Sea,  lat. 
43°  N.,  Ion.  107°  30'  E.,  about  35  miles  S.S.W.  of  the  Tam- 
belan  Islands. 

Green  Island,  an  island  of  Australia,  on  the  N.E. 
coast  of  Trinity  Bay.     Lat.  16°  46'  S. ;  Ion.  145°  66'  E. 

Green  Island,  Quebec.     See  Isle  Vebte. 

Green  Island,  in  Hudson  Strait,  British  North  Amer- 
ica, 100  miles  N.W.  of  Cape  Chudleigh. 

Green  Island,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Maquoketa  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Clinton  & 
Dubuque  Railroad,  28  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Clinton.  It  has  a 
church. 

Green  Island,  Cedar  co..  Neb.    See  Strahmbtjrg. 

Green  Island,  a  post-village  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  is 
on  an  island  in  the  Hudson  River,  opposite  Troy,  and  6 
miles  above  Albany.  It  contains  5  churches,  2  stove- 
factories,  a  car-factory,  2  iron-foundries,  machine-shops,  and 
a  manufactory  of  sasii  and  blinds,  and  has  an  extensive  trade 
in  lumber  and  marble.  Here  are  some  iron-works  and 
shops  of  the  Delaware  <t  Hudson  Canal  Company.  Pop.  5000. 
Green  Island  Station  on  the  Rensselaer  &  Saratoga  Rail- 
road is  1  mile  from  Troy. 

Green  Islands,  two  small  islands  in  the  China  Sea,  on 
the  S.  coast  of  China,  called  by  the  Chinese  Tsang-Chow, 
Lat.  22°  22'  N. ;  Ion.  114°  40'  E. 

Green  Isle,  a  post-township  of  Sibley  co.,  Minn.,  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Glencoe.     Pop.  705. 

Green  Kay,  one  of  the  Bahamas.    See  Cayo  A'^erdh. 

Green  liake,  a  county  in  tlie  central  part  of  Wiscon- 
sin, has  an  area  of  about  370  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Fox  or  Neenah  River,  and  is  also  drained  by 
Grand  and  White  Rivers.  Among  its  remarkable  features 
are  Pacawa  and  Green  Lakes,  each  of  which  is  8  or  9  miles 
long.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
oats,  hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  A  branch 
of  the  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad  terminates  in  this 
county.  The  county  is  also  partly  traversed  by  a  branch 
of  the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  also  terminating 
here.  Capital,  Dartford.  Pop.  in  1870,1.3,195;  in  1880, 
14,483;  in  1890,  15,163. 

Green  Lake,  Wisconsin,  is  in  Green  Lake  co.,  and  is 
8  miles  long  by  2  miles  wide.  Dartford,  the  county  seat, 
is  on  this  lake,  the  water  of  which  is  deep  and  pure. 

Green  Lake,  of  British  Columbia,  situated  between 
Alexandria  and  Thompson's  River,  is  about  30  miles  in 
length.  This  lake  is  strongly  salt,  its  color  being  a  fine 
sea-green.     It  has  no  outlet. 

Green  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kandiyohi  oo.,  Minn., 
in  New  London  township,  on  the  W.  side  of  Green  Lake. 
It  has  a  grist-  and  saw-mill,  stores,  Ac,  and  is  9  miles  N. 
of  Kandiyohi  Station.     Pop.  of  Green  Lake  township,  351, 

Green  Lake,  a  post-township  of  Green  Lake  co.,  Wis., 
about  24  miles  W.  of  Fond  du  Lac.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.W.  by  a  lake  of  the  same  name.     Pop.  1500. 

Green  Lake,  a  village  and  place  of  summer  resort  on 
the  Sheboygan  &  Fond  du  Lac  Railroad,  1  mile  from  the 
village  of  Dartford,  Wis. 

Green  Lake  Settlement,  Ontario.    See  Rankin. 

Green'land  (Dan.  Groenlnnd,  or  Gronland,  gron'- 
llnd),  an  extensive  region  or  island  on  the  N.E.  of  North 
America,  belonging  to  Denmark,  and  stretching  from  Cape 
Farewell,  its  S.  extremity,  in  lat.  59°  49'  N.,  northward  to 
about  80°  15'  N.,  and  extending  between  Ion.  20°  and  75' 
W.,  having  W.  Baffin's  Bay  and  Davis*  Strait,  N.  Peabody 
Bay  and  the  Arctic  Ocean,  and  E.  and  S.  the  Atlantic. 
The  surface  is  generally  high,  rocky,  and  barren  ;  the  ele- 
vated portions  are  covered  with  eternal  snow  and  glaciers, 
extending,  in  many  parts,  to  the  sea-shores.  Small  quan- 
tities of  corn,  potatoes,  and  kitchen-herbs  are  raised  in  the 
S. ;  and  some  edible  berries,  with  scattered  birch,  alder, 
and  willow  trees,  grasses,  and  lichens,  grow  wild.  July  is 
the  only  month  in  which  there  is  no  snow.  Extreme 
summer  temperature,  59°  Fahr.,  winter,  40°  below  zero,  and 


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in  the  N.  the  meroury  falta  fyom  60°  to  76°  below  zero ; 
moMi  annual  teuiporature  of  North  Greenland,  5°  2'  Fahr., 
the  lowest  ever  rccordml.  The  native  Ksiiuiniaux  are  of 
•hort,  squat  ttature  and  dark  skin,  ana  ore  employed 
ehiefly  in  fishing  and  seal-hunting.  Many  of  them  have 
been  converted  to  ChriBtianity  by  the  labors  of  missiunaries. 
The  region  was  first  disoovered  by  a  Morwof^ian  in  9S1,  and 
soon  after  was  oolonized  from  Iceland.  Davis  rediscovered 
Greenland  in  1587,  but  the  old  Norse  colonists  had  all  per- 
ished, and  only  a  few  traces  of  their  towns  remain.  In  1864 
the  United  States  expedition  under  Dr.  Kane  traced  the  W. 
coast  of  Greenland  to  its  northern  face,  which  they  followed 
towards  the  Atlantic  till  their  progress  was  arrested  by  nn 
immense  glacier,  issuing  in  60°  W.  Ion.  and  ofiering  an 
impassable  barrier  to  future  explorations.  This  stu])endous 
glacier  rises  300  feet  in  perpendicular  face,  and  is  supposed 
to  be  the  only  obstacle  to  the  insularity  of  Greenland.  The 
country  is  divided  into  N.  and  S.  inspectorates,  separated 
by  the  Longfiord,  about  lat.  70°  N.  Greenland  has  a  num- 
ber of  European  settlements  and  missionary  stations,  mostly 
on  the  W.  coast.  Principal  villages,  Fredericksliaab,  Julians- 
haab,  Upernavik,  and  Godthaab.  The  chief  trade  is  with 
Denmark.  Principal  exports,  oil  of  seals  and  whales,  fox-, 
seal-,  and  reindeer-skins,  eider-down,  feathers,  and  cryolite. 
Good  lignite  occurs,  also  lead  and  copper.     P.  (1884)  9780. 

Green'land)  a  post-village  of  Douglas  co..  Col.,  on  the 
Denver  &  Kio  Grande  Railroad,  47  miles  S.  of  Denver.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Greenland)  a  hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  III.,  in  London 
township,  about  22  miles  N.E.  of  Vandalia,  and  2  miles  W. 
of  Beecher  City. 

Greenland)  a  post-village  of  Ontonagon  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Greenland  township,  35  miles  W.  of  L'Anse.  It  has  2 
churches.  Copper  is  mined  here.   Fop.  of  the  township,  589. 

Greenland)  a  post-village  in  Greenland  township, 
Rockingham  oc,  N.U.,  on  the  Concord  &  Portsmouth  liail- 
road,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Portsmouth.  (See  Greenland  Depot.) 
The  township  has  2  churches  and  a  pop.  of  695. 

Greenland)  a  post-hamlet  of  Koss  co.,  0.,  12  miles 
N.W.  of  Chillicothe. 

Greenland)  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  5  or 

6  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lancaster. 

Greenland)  a  post-hamlet  of  Aiken  co.,  S.C.,  10  miles 
N.  of  EUenton  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Greenland)  a  post-village  of  Grant  co.,  W.  Va.,  20 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Keyser.  It  has  a  church,  a  fiour-mill,  a 
saw-mill,  and  2  stores. 

Greenland  Depot)  a  post-office  of  Kockingham  co., 
N.H.,  on  the  Eastern  Kailroad,  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ports- 
mouth. 

Green  Lane)  a  station  on  the  North  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  the  terminus  in  Philadelphia. 

Green  LanC)  a  post-hamlet  in  Marlborough  township, 
Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Perkiomen  Railroad,  43  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Philadelphia.     It  has  a  national  bank. 

Green'IaW)  a  town  of  Scotland,  capital  of  the  county  of 
Berwick,  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Berwick-on-Tweed.  It  has  a 
shire  hall  and  a  prison.     Pop.  883. 

Green  Liawn)  a  post-hamlet  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Huntington  township,  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  about 
38  miles  E.  of  New  York  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Green'law's  Wharf)  post-office,  King  George  co.,  Va. 

Grecn'leaf)  a  post- village  of  Washington  co.,  Kansas, 

7  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Washington,  and  13  miles  W.  of 
Watervilie.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office, 
a  graded  school,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  916. 

Greenleaf)  a  township  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  376. 

Greenleaf)  a  post-hamlet  of  Meeker  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Greenleaf  township,  about  65  miles  W.  of  Minneapolis,  and 
H  miles  S.  of  Litchfield.     Pop,  54;  of  township,  408. 

Greenleaf)  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  oo..  Mo. 

Greenleaf)  a  post-village  of  Brown  co..  Wis.,  in 
Wrightstown  township,  on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad, 
14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Green  Bay.  It  has  a  church,  and 
manufactures  of  lumber,  staves,  and  lime. 

Green'leaftoU)  a  post-hamlet  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn., 
in  York  township.     It  has  2  churches. 

Greenlee'8)  a  post-office  of  McDowell  oo.,  N.C. 

Green  Lev'el)  a  post-office  of  Wake  co.,  N.C. 

Greenlick  Junction,  Pa.    See  West  Overton. 

Green  Mount)  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  Ark., 
about  36  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pine  Bluff.    It  has  2  churches. 

Green  Mount)  a  post-office  of  Laurel  co.,  Ey. 

Green  Mount)  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co.,  Pa.,  about 
7  miles  S.W.  of  Gettysburg. 

Green  Mount,  a  post-hamlet,  Rockingham  co.,  Ya.,  4 
miles  N.  of  Harrisonburg.    It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 


Green  Monn'tain)  Pennsylvania,  is  situated  near  the 
N.  extremity  of  Schuylkill  co. 

Green  Mountain)  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  Iowa. 

Green  Mountain)  a  post-office  of  Yancey  co.,  N.C. 

Green  Mountains)  a  range  of  mountains  extending 
through  Vermont  from  Canada  to  Massachusetts.  They 
are  composed  of  nictamorphic  slate,  gneiss,  limestone,  and 
other  palieozoic  rocks.  Mount  Mansfield,  the  highest  peak 
of  this  range,  has  an  altitude  of  4430  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  sea.  Among  the  other  summits  are  Killington 
Peak  (4221  feet  high)  and  the  Camel's  Hump  (4088  feet 
high).  The  Green  Mountains  are  mostly  covered  with 
forests  of  fir,  pine,  hemlock,  sugar-maple,  beech,  birch,  oak, 
and  other  trees.  Their  slopes  are  generally  gentle  or  not 
very  steep.  Tourists  can  ride  in  a  carriage  to  the  summit 
of  Equinox  Mountain,  which  is  3872  feet  high.  The  names 
Hoosac  Mountain  and  Taghkanio,  or  Taconic,  are  a]iplied 
to  parts  of  the  southern  extension  of  this  range,  which 
traverses  the  western  part  of  Massachusetts,  entering  Con- 
necticut and  the  state  of  New  York.  In  Massachusetts 
the  name  Green  Mountains  is,  however,  apjilicd  to  the 
whole,  and  especially  to  the  eastern,  range,  the  name  Taconio 
belonging  to  the  western  parallel  range. 

Green  Oak)  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Rochester  township,  5  miles  S.  of  Rochester.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  40. 

Green  Oak)  a  post-township  of  Livingston  co.,  Mich., 
15  miles  N.  of  Ann  Arbor.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  938. 

Green  Oak  Station)  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  &  Lake  Michigan  Railroad, 
37  miles  W.N.W.  of  Detroit. 

Green'ock,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ren> 
frew,  on  the  S.side  of  the  Firth  of  Clyde,  22i  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Glasgow  by  railway.  Lat.  65°  56'  54"  N. ;  Ion.  4°  45' 
15"  W.  It  stands  chiefly  on  a  level  strip  of  land,  but  partly 
on  an  abrupt  height  commanding  noble  views.  The  town 
is  abundantly  furnished  with  water  by  aqueducts.  On  the 
W.  are  many  new  streets  and  handsome  residences.  The 
principal  structures  are  a  fine  custom-house,  the  town  hall, 
jail,  exchange,  tontine,  assembly-hall,  theatre,  infirmary, 
and  several  handsome  churches.  Greenock  has  a  flourish- 
ing mechanics'  institute,  a  public  library  with  upwards  of 
12,000  volumes  and  with  a  statue  of  Watt  by  Chantrey,  nu- 
merous banks,  a  grammar-school,  a  hospital,  a  chamber  of 
commerce,  an  academy,  a  seaman's  asylum,  cotton-mills, 
machine-shops,  yards  for  building  iron  ships,  sail-cloth-, 
paper-,  and  rope-factories,  large  sugar-refineries  and  chem- 
ical works,  and  a  great  foreign  and  coastwise  trade.  It  has 
old  and  new  harbors,  constructed  at  great  expense,  with 
extensive  docks  and  quays.  Greenock  has  wholly  risen 
into  importance  since  the  beginning  of  the  eighteenth 
century.  It  sends  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 
Pop.  in  1871,  67,821 ;  in  1881,  65,884;  in  1891,  63,086. 

Green'ock)  a  plantation  of  Crittenden  co.,  Ark.,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  17  miles  above  Memphis,  Tenn.  Here 
is  Oldham  Post-Office. 

Greenock)  Alleghany  co..  Pa.    See  Alpsville. 

Green'ore)a  headland  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Louth,  2  miles 
S.E.  of  Carlingford.     It  has  a  light-house. 

GreenorC)  a  headland  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Wexford,  7i 
miles  S.S.E.  of  the  entrance  into  Wexford  harbor. 

Green  Park,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co..  Pa.,  about  30 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Harrisburg. 

Green  Plain,  a  post-hamlet  of  Southampton  co.,  Va., 
6  miles  S.E.  of  Belfield  Station.     It  hiis  a  church. 

Green  Point)  a  former  village  of  Kings  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  East  River,  opposite  New  York,  about  2  miles  N.E.  of 
Brooklyn  proper.  It  is  now  the  17lh  ward  of  Brooklyn. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Newtown  Creek,  which  separates 
it  from  Hunter's  Point.  It  has  a  daily  and  a  weekly  news- 
paper, and  is  the  seat  of  ship-building  and  active  manufac- 
tures. Pop.  of  the  ward  in  1875,  24,001;  in  1890,  41,424, 
The  post-office.  Green  Point,  is  a  station  of  the  Brooklyn 
post-office. 

Green  Pond)  a  post-village  of  Bibb  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Alabama  it  Chattanooga  Railroad,  28  miles  S.W.  of  Bir- 
mingham. It  has  2  churches,  a  cotton-  and  woollen-fac- 
tory, and  manufactures  of  flour  and  furniture. 

Green  Fond,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Colleton  co., 
S.C,  on  the  Savannah  &  Charleston  Railroad,  39  miles  W. 
of  Charleston. 

Green  Pond  Junction,  N.J.    See  Charlotteburo. 

Green'port,  or  Greens'port,  a  post-hamlet  of  St. 
Clair  CO.,  Ala.,  on  the  Coosa  River,  at  the  head  of  the 
shoals,  about  66  miles  E.N.E.  of  Birmingham.  It  has  a 
grist-mill. 

Greenport)  a  fertile  township  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.^ 


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on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Hudson.  Pop.  1354,  exclusive  of  the 
city  of  Hudson, 

Greenport,  a  post-village,  port  of  entry,  and  summer 
resort  of  Sutfolk  co.,  N.Y.,  is  on  Long  Island  Sound,  at  the 
E.  terminus  of  the  Long  Island  llailroad,  95  miles  E.  by 
N.  of  Brooklyn.  It  contains  a  union  school,  6  cliurches,  2 
banks,  printing-offices  which  issue  2  weekly  newspapers,  5 
hotels,  and  many  boarding-houses.  It  is  partly  supported 
by  commerce  and  the  fisheries.  It  has  a  harbor,  which  is 
completely  landlocked  and  deep  enough  for  the  largest 
ships.  Here  are  manufactures  of  rattan  and  wire  goods, 
&c.  Steamboats  ply  to  Shelter  Island,  Sag  Harbor,  Orient, 
Saybrook,  and  New  London.     Pop.  about  3000. 

Green  Prairie,  pri'rce,  a  post-township  of  Morrison 
CO.,  Minn.,  9  miles  N.  of  Little  Falls,  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  the  Mississippi  River.     Pop.  82. 

Green  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Ark.,  7  miles 
B.  of  Waldron.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  a  steam  saw- 
mill, and  12  families. 

Green  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pawnee  co.,  Kansas, 
16  miles  from  Lamed.     It  has  a  broom-factory. 

Green  Ridge,  a  post-village  of  Pettis  co.,  Mo.,  on 
the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  12  miles  S.W.  of 
Sedalia.     It  has  a  church. 

Green  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richmond  co.,  N.T., 
on  or  near  Staten  Island  Sound,  33  miles  S.W.  of  New  York. 

Green  Ridge,  a  station  in  Lackawanna  co.,  Pa.,  2 
miles  N.  of  Scranton,  is  the  N.  terminus  of  the  Lehigh  <fc 
Susquehanna  Railroad,  and  the  W.  terminus  of  the  Delaware 
&  Hudson  Railroad. 

Green  Ridge,  a  station  in  Northumberland  co..  Pa., 
on  branches  of  the  Lehigh  Valley  and  Reading  Railroads, 
2  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Mt.  Carmel.     Here  are  coal-mines. 

Green  Ridge,  a  station  in  York  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Bach- 
man's  Valley  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Valley  Junction. 

Green  River,  a  branch  of  the  Colorado,  rises  in  the 
Wind  River  Mountains,  in  the  W.  part  of  Wyoming,  and 
first  runs  nearly  southward.  After  it  has  effected  a  passage 
through  the  Uintah  Mountains,  it  flows  southeastward  into 
Colorado,  and  irrigates  part  of  Grand  co.  Crossing  the 
western  boundary  of  Colorado,  it  enters  Utah,  runs  south- 
westward  through  Wasatch  co.  and  southward  through  San 
Pete  and  Sevier  cos.,  and  unites  with  the  Grand  River  near 
lat.  38°  16'  N.  and  Ion.  110°  W.  Its  entire  length  is  esti- 
mated at  750  miles,  of  which  nearly  half  is  in  Utah.  It 
traverses  a  mountainous  country.  Coal  and  gold  are  found 
in  the  upper  part  of  its  valley  in  AVyoming.  This  river  is 
not  of  much  importance  for  navigation. 

Green  River,  Illinois,  rises  in  Lee  co.,  drains  part  of 
Bureau  co.,  runs  westward  through  Henry  co.,  and  enters 
Rock  River  about  lO  miles  E.  by  S.  from  Rock  Island.  It 
is  nearly  120  miles  long, 

•  Green  River,  Kentucky,  rises  near  the  middle  of  the 
state,  and  at  first  runs  generally  westward.  It  intersects 
Adair,  Green,  Hart,  Edmondson,  and  Butler  cos,,  and  passes 
near  the  Mammoth  Cave,  From  the  mouth  of  the  Big 
Barren  River  the  Green  River  runs  northwestward  with  a 
very  tortuous  course,  forms  the  boundary  between  Muhlen- 
burg  and  Ohio  cos.,  and  enters  the  Ohio  River  in  Henderson 
eo,,  about  9  miles  above  Evansville,  Ind,  Its  length  is  es- 
timated at  350  miles.  Small  steamboats  can  ascend  it  to 
Brownsville,  about  150  miles  from  its  mouth.  It  traverses 
the  western  coal-field  of  Kentucky. 

Green  River  rises  in  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  runs  south- 
ward into  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  and  enters  the  Deerfleld 
River  nearly  2  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Green  River,  Henry  co.,  111.    See  Oakley. 

Green  River,  a  station  on  the  Louisville,  Paducah  & 
Southwestern  Railroad,  at  the  crossing  of  the  Green  River, 
15  miles  N.E.  of  Greenville,  Ky. 

Green  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  7 
miles  S.B.  of  Chatham,  and  about  34  miles  S.S.E.  of  Al- 
bany.    It  has  a  church. 

Green  River,  a  post-township  of  Henderson  co.,  N.C., 
about  100  miles  W.  of  Charlotte.  It  is  drained  by  Green 
River,  a  small  stream.     Pop.  709. 

Green  River,  Windham  CO.,  Vt,  See  Cutting  Hollow, 

Green  River,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co,,  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  river  St.  John,  24  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of 
Grand  Falls.    It  contains  a  grist-mill,  2  stores,  3  tanneries, 

•  mnd  5  taverns.     Pop.  700, 

Green  River  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Sweet- 
water CO.,  AVyoming,  on  Green  River,  and  on  the  Union 

•  Pacific  Railroad,  272  miles  W,  of  Laramie,  and  184  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Ogden,     It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded 

■  ichool,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  round-house  and  machine- 
'  ehops  of  the  railroad.     Elevation,  6140  feet.     Pop.  1000. 


Greens'borough,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hale  co., 
Ala.,  on  the  Selma,  Marion  &  Meuifihis  Railroad,  60  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Selma,  and  about  38  miles  S,  of  Tuscaloosa,  It 
is  the  seat  of  the  Southern  Uni  versity  ( Methodist  Episcopal), 
which  was  founded  in  1859  and  has  a  library  of  10,000  vol- 
umes, 7  churches,  2  banks,  a  female  college,  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  normal  school,  3  carriage-factories,  and  cotton- 
gins.     Pop.  in  1890,  1759. 

Green8borough,apo8t-village  of  Craighead  CO.,  Ark., 
60  miles  E.N.E.  of  Biitesville.    It  has  a  church  and  4  stores, 

Greensborougli,a  post- village,  capital  of  Greene  eo., 
Ga.,  on  the  Georgia  Railroad,  87  miles  E,  by  S.  of  Atlanta, 
and  84  miles  W,  of  Augusta.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a 
bank,  4  churches,  and  2  academies.  Two  weekly  news- 
papers are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1313. 

Greensborough,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Greensborough  township,  0  or  7  miles  S.W.  of  Newcastle, 
and  about  32  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Richmond.  It  has  2  or  3 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  drug-store.  Pop.  in  1890, 
318;  of  the  township,  1612. 

Greensborough,  a  post-village  of  Caroline  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Choptank  River,  and  on  the  Maryland  <&;  Delaware 
Railroad,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Easton,  and  about  50  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Baltimore.  It  has  2  churches,  2  newspaper  offices, 
graded  public  schools,  brick-  and  tile-works,  and  4  large 
factories.     Pop.  in  1890,  902. 

Greensborough,  a  post-village  of  Sumner  eo..  Miss., 
32  miles  S.E.  of  Grenada.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  100. 

Greensborough,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Guilford  co., 
N.C.,  on  the  North  Carolina  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with 
the  Richmond  &  Danville  and  Northwestern  Railroads, 
81  miles  W.N.W.  of  Raleigh,  and  48  miles  S.S.W.  of  Dan- 
ville. It  contains  a  court-house,  16  churches,  4  newspaper 
offices,  4  banks,  2  fine  hotels,  a  Methodist  female  college, 
a  graded  school,  a  public  hall,  2  foundries,  3  tobacco-fac- 
tories, a  saw-mill,  and  manufactures  of  spokes,  handles, 
sash,  and  blinds.     Pop.  in  1890,  3317. 

Greensborough,  a  post-borough  of  Greene  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Monongahela  River,  at  the  head  of  navigation,  about 
50  miles  by  land  or  94  by  water  S.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  manufactory  of  stoneware  and  roofing-tiles. 
Pop.  in  1890,  427. 

Greensborough,  a  post-village  of  Greensborough 
township,  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  on  a  small  lake,  2  miles  from  the 
Portland  <&  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  and  about  28  miles  N.E. 
of  Montpelier.  It  has  2  churches,  a  carriage-shop,  and  a 
flour-uiill.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  918. 

Greensborough  Bend,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orleans  co., 
Vt.,  on  the  Portland  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  28  miles  N.W. 
of  St,  Johnsbury.  It  has  manufactures  of  boxes  and  chair- 
stock,  a  steam  lumber-mill,  and  3  stores. 

Greens'burg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Decatur  co., 
Ind.,  in  Washington  township,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Cin- 
cinnati &  Lafayette  Railroad,  47  miles  S.E.  of  Indianapolis, 
and  68  miles  W.N.W,  of  Cincinnati.  It  contains  a  court- 
house, a  high  school,  8  churches,  3  national  banks,  a  hub- 
and  spoke-factory,  a  handle-factory,  flour-mills,  and  4 
weekly  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  3596. 

Greensbnrg,  a  po8t-villai;e,  capital  of  Kiowa  co., 
Kansas,  83  mik-s  by  rail  W.S.AV.  of  Hutchinson.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  bank,  a  flour-mill,  3  newspaper  offices,  &c. 
Pop.  515, 

Greensbnrg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Green  co,,  Ky., 
on  Green  River,  69  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Lebanon.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  552. 

Greensburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  St.  Helena 
parish,  La.,  on  the  Tickfaw  River,  about  75  miles  N.N.E. 
of  New  Orleans.  It  has  a  court-house,  2  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  a  masonic  academy.     Pop.  280. 

Greensbnrg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co..  Mo.,  in 
Greensburg  township,  about  44  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Keokuk, 
Iowa.  It  has  a  church  and  general  stores.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1388. 

Greensburg,  N..T.    See  Wilburtha. 

Greensburg,  a  hamlet  of  Sandusky  co.,  0.,  in  Scott 
township,  2  miles  Irom  Millersville.     It  has  a  church. 

Greensburg,  or  In'land,  a  post-village  of  Summit 
CO.,  0.,  in  Green  township,  10  miles  N. N.W.  of  Canton,  and 
11  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Akron.  It  has  4  churches,  a  normal 
school,  a  brick-yard,  and  about  70  dwellings.  The  name 
of  its  post-office  is  Inland. 

Greensburg,  a  post-village  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  in 
Greene  township,  on  Mosquito  Creek,  about  54  miles  E.  of 
Cleveland.  It  has  a  church  and  a  high  school.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  825, 

Greensburg,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Westmore- 
I  land  CO.-,  Pa.,  in  Hcmpfield  township,  on  the  Pennsylvania 


a«B 


1318 


GRE 


Railro^l.  SI  milM  E.8.E.  of  Pittsburg,  and  8A  miles  W.  by 
8.  of  AltooDft.  It  oonUin«  »  eourt- house,  12  ohurohes,  a 
graded  aehool,  a  female  seminary,  4  bnnks,  nnd  8  daily  and 
0  weekly  newspapers.     Pop.  in  I8U0,  4202. 

Green's  Cor'ners,  a  hamlet  of  Alleghany  oo.,  N.Y., 
in  Independence  township,  5  miles  S.  of  Andover.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  ohoese-factory.     Post-office,  Independence. 

Cireen's  Corners,  a  station  in  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  New  Yorlc  Central  Kailroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Rome. 

Cireen's  Corners,  a  station  in  Franklin  oo.,  Vt.,  on 
the  Eastern  division  of  the  Central  Vermont  Kailroad,  5 
miles  N.U.  of  St.  Albans. 

Green's  Cut,  a  post-office  of  Burke  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Central  Railroad  of  Georgia,  26  miles  S.  of  Augusta. 

Green  Sea,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Horry  oo., 
B.C.,  15  miles  S.  of  Fair  Bluff,  N.C.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
.turpentine-distillery.     Pop.  104.3. 

Green's  Farms,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co..  Conn., 
•B  the  Now  York  &  New  Haven  Railroad,  8  miles  S.W.  of 
Bridgeport.  It  has  a  church,  a  paper-mill,  and  several  fine 
residences. 

Green's  Fork,  a  post-villnge  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.,  9 
miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  6  churches, 
an  academy,  ond  a  duster-factory.     Pop.  about  400. 

Green's  Grant,  an  unincorporated  tract  of  forest-land 
in  Coos  CO.,  N.n.     Pop.  71. 

Green's  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Rutherford  co.,  N.C. 

Green  Shoal,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Guyandotte  River,  about  32  miles  S.W.  of  Charleston. 

Green's  Land'ing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  oo.. 
Me.,  is  on  the  ocean,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Deer  Isle,  25  miles 
£.  of  Rockland. 

Green's  Mill, a  station  on  the  Southwestern  Railroad, 
6  miles  N.  of  Andersonville,  Ga. 

Green's  Pond,  a  post-town,  port  of  entry,  and  island 
on  the  N.  side  of  Bonavista  Bay,  Newfoundland,  100  miles 
N.W.  of  St.  John's  by  water,  183  by  land.  It  is  a  barren 
island,  but  has  a  good  though  small  harbor,  and  is  an  excel- 
lent fishing-station.     Pop.  1073. 

Greensport,  Alabama.    See  Gheenport. 

Green  Spring,  a  post-office  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del., 
and  a  station  (formerly  called  Sassafras)  on  the  Delaware 
Railroad,  12  miles  N.  of  Dover. 

Green  Spring,  a  station  in  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Green  Spring  Branch  of  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  15 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Baltimore. 

Green  Spring,  a  post-village  in  Adams  township, 
Seneca  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Sandusky  &  Cleveland 
Railroad,  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Tiffin,  and  about  9  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Fremont.  It  has  a  national  bank,  4  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  sulphur  spring,  and  manufactures  of 
hubs,  spokes,  and  sash  and  blinds.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Green  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co..  Pa., 
in  Newton  township,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Newville.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  woollen-factory. 

Green  Spring  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Louisa  co., 
Va.,  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  70  miles  N.W.  of 
Richmond. 

Green  Spring  Furnace,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washing- 
ton CO.,  Md.,  about  14  miles  W.  of  Hagerstown. 

Green  Spring  Junction,  in  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Baltimore,  at 
the  junction  of  the  Green  Spring  Branch  Railroad,  8  miles 
S.E.  of  Green  Spring. 

Green  Spring  Junction,  on  the  Western  Maryland 
Rsiilroad,  in  Baltimore  oo.,  is  13  miles  N.W.  of  Baltimore, 
and  2  miles  W.  of  Green  Spring.  It  is  the  W.  terminus  of 
the  Green  Spring  Branch  Railroad. 

Green  Spring  Run,  a  post-office  and  station  of 
Hampshire  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Railroad, 
15  miles  S.E.  of  Cumberland. 

Green  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Hale  co.,  Ala. 

Green  Street,  a  post-office  of  Manitowoc  co..  Wis.,  9 
miles  N.  of  Branch  Railroad  Station. 

Green  Sul'phur  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Summers 
CO.,  W.  Va.,  6  miles  E.  of  New  Richmond.  Here  is  a  sul- 
phur spring. 

Greensville,  Ontario.    See  Bullock's  Corneus. 

Green'ton,  a  post-village  of  Lafayette  co.,  Mo.,  in 
Clay  township,  about  36  miles  E.  of  Kansas  City. 

Green  'I  op,  a  post-village  of  Schuyler  co.,  Mo.,  45 
miles  by  rnil  N.  of  Macon  City.  It  has  2  churches,  a  public 
school,  and  a  wagon -factory. 

Green'town,  a  post-village  of  Howard  co.,  Ind.,  near 
the  Wildcat  River,  8  miles  E.  of  Kokomo,  and  about  22 
miles  S.  of  Peru.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  a 
bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  721. 


Greentown,  a  post-village  of  Stark  oo.,  0.,  9  miles 
N.  of  Canton.  It  has  a  church,  a  union  school,  a  plough, 
factory,  and  a  coal-mine. 

Green  Tree,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa. 

Green  Tree,  a  station  in  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Penn 
sylvania  Railroad,  20  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Green  Tree,  a  post-office  of  White  co.,  Tcnn. 

Green  Tree  Tavern,  a  post-office  of  Scott  oo.,  Iowa, 
6  miles  N.W.  of  Davenport. 

Grcen'up,  the  most  northeastern  county  of  Kentucky, 
has  an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Little 
Sandy  River  and  Tygert's  Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly  or 
uneven,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  In- 
dian corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  has  beds  of  bituminous  coal  and  iron  ore.  It  is 
intersectecl  by  the  Chesapeake  A  Ohio  Railroad,  which 
passes  through  Greenup,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 11,403; 
in  1880,  l.S,371  ;  in  1890,  11,911. 

Greenup,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co..  111.,  in 
Greenup  township,  on  the  Embarnis  River,  and  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Viindulia  &  Terre  Haute  Railroad  where  it  crosses 
the  Gray  ville  A  Mattoon  Railroad,  43  miles  W.S.W.  of  Terre 
Haute,  and  23  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mattoon.  It  has  a  bank,  a 
high  school,  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill. 
Pop.  in  1890,  858:  of  the  township,  2801. 

Greenup,  or  Grcen'upsburg,  a  post-village,  capital 
of  Greenup  co..  Ky.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  8  miles  below 
Ironton,  nnd  about  20  miles  above  Portsmouth,  0.  The 
Eastern  Kentucky  Railroad  connects  it  with  Grayson,  Ac. 
It  has  a  court-house,  a  bank,  a  new.spaper  office,  and  5 
churches.    Coal  is  mined  near  this  place.    Pop.  (1890)  669. 

Green  Vale,  a  post-office  of  Jo  Daviess  co..  111. 

Green  Vale,  a  post-office  of  Dallas  co.,  Iowa. 

Green'vale,  a  post-office  of  Russell  co.,  Kansas. 

Green  Vale,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co..  Me. 

Greenvale,  a  township  of  Dakota  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  758. 

Green  Vale,  a  hamlet  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Oyster 
Bay  township,  1  mile  from  Glen  Head  Station. 

Greenvale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilson  co.,  Tenn.,  17 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Lebanon.     It  has  6  families. 

Green'vale,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co.,  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  13  miles  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  130. 

Green  VaI'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  El  Dorado  co.,  Cal., 
about  33  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sacramento. 

Green  Valley,  a  station  in  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  on  tho 
Fulton  A  Guerneville  Railroad,  6  miles  from  Guerneville, 
and  10  miles  from  Fulton.  Pop.  of  Green  Valley  town- 
ship, 692. 

Green  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tazewell  co..  111.,  on 
the  Pekin  Branch  of  the  Wabash  Railroad,  21  miles  S.  of 
Peoria.     It  has  2  churches. 

Green  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ellsworth  co.,  Kansas, 
15  miles  from  Ellinwood  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Green  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Denton  co.,  Tex.,  35 
miles  from  Sherman.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Green  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Bath  co.,  Va. 

Green  VaIley,atownshipof  Shawano  co.,  Wis.   P.  291. 

Greenview,  greenVa',  a  post-village  of  Menard  co., 
III.,  on  the  Jacksonville  division  of  the  Chicago  A  Alton 
Railroad,  36  miles  N.E.  of  Jacksonville,  and  22  miles  N. 
of  Springfield.  It  has  7  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper 
offices,  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  1106. 

Green  Vil'lage,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  2J 
miles  from  Madison,  and  about  15  miles  W.  of  Newark. 
It  hits  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Green  Village,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co..  Pa.,  in 
Greene  township,  about  42  miles  W.S.W.  of  Hnrrisburg, 
and  2  miles  from  Scotland  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Green'ville,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  South  Caro- 
lina, bordering  on  North  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about 
742  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Saluda 
River,  and  is  drained  by  the  Ennorce,  Reedy,  and  Tiger 
Rivers,  which  rise  within  its  limits.  The  surface  of  the 
county  is  mountainous,  and  presents  beautiful  scenery  of 
mountains,  valleys,  and  hills.  A  large  part  of  it  is  covered' 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  - 
wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  the  Richmond  A  Danville  Railroad  and  the 
Carolina,  Knoxville  A  AVestern  Kailroad,  both  of  which 
pass  through  Greenville,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  22,262; 
in  1380,  37,496;  in  1890,  44,310.  !■ 

Greenville,  a  southeastern  county  of  Virginia,  border-  t 
ingon  North  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  300  square  miles.  "' 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Meherrin  River,  and  bounded  on  the 
N.  by  tho  Nottoway  River.    The  surface  is  nearly  level,  aiid 
is  extensively  covered  with  forests;  the  soil  produces  Indian 


GRE 


1319 


GRJU 


corn,  oats,  Ac.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Peters- 
burg <jb  Wcldon  Railroad  and  the  Atlantic  &  Danville  Kail- 
road.  Capital,  Emporia.  Pop.  in  1870,  63625  in  1880, 
8407;  in  1890,  8230. 

Greenville^  a  post-town  or  city,  capital  of  Butler  co., 
Ala.,  on  the  Mobile  &  Montgomery  Railroad,  44  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Montgomery,  and  134  miles  N.E.  of  Mobile.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  collegiiite 
institute,  several  mills,  and  printing-ofBces  which  issue  2 
weekly  newspapers.     Pop.  in  1890,  2806. 

Greenville,  a  post-village  of  Plumas  co.,  Cal.,  in  In- 
dian Valley,  about  90  miles  N.N.E.  of  Marysville,  and  16 
miles  N.  of  Quincy.  It  has  2  churches,  a  foundry,  and  sev- 
eral quartz-mills.     Gold  is  found  here. 

Greenville,  a  post-village  of  New  London  co..  Conn., 
in  Norwich  township,  on  the  Quinebaug  River,  and  on  the 
Norwich  <fc  Worcester  Railroad,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Norwich. 
It  contains  3  churches,  several  cotton-mills,  2  paper-mills, 
and  manufactures  of  axles,  springs,  and  wood  types.  Pop. 
about  1000. 

Greenville,  a  post-office  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  on 
the  Wilmington  St,  Reading  Railroad,  6  miles  from  Wil- 
mington. 

Greenville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
Jacksonville,  Pensacola  &  Mobile  Railroad,  41  miles  E.  of 
Tallahassee.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Greenville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Meriwether  co., 
Ga.,  about  60  miles  S.S.W.  of  Atlanta,  and  50  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Columbus.  It  has  6  churches,  a  high  school,  a  bank, 
and  a  newspaper  oflBce.     Pop.  800. 

Greenville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Bond  co..  111., 
on  the  East  Fork  of  Big  Shoal  Creek,  in  Greenville  town- 
ship, and  on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  &  Terre  Haute  Rail- 
road, 60  miles  E.N.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  20  miles  W.  of 
Vandalia,  and  about  44  miles  E.  of  Alton.  It  has  a  court- 
house, 11  churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  the 
Almira  College  for  ladies,  with  a  large  edifice.  Pop.  in 
1890,  1868;  of  the  township,  2793. 

Greenville,  a  township  of  Bureau  co..  111.  Pop.  946. 
It  contains  New  Bedford. 

Greenville,  a  post- village  of  Floyd  co.,  Ind.,  in  Green- 
ville township,  about  12  mil^s  N.W.  of  New  Albany.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  seminary,  a  tiour-mill,  and  a  cooperage. 
Pop.  313;  of  the  township,  1415. 

Greenville,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Iowa. 

Greenville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Muhlenbnrg  co., 
Ky.,  on  the  Newport  News  <fc  Mississippi  Valley  Railroad, 
92  miles  E.  of  Paducah,  and  about  44  miles  S.  of  Owens- 
borough.  It  has  6  churches,  a  female  college,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  4  tobacco- factories.     Pop.  in  1890,  968. 

Greenville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Piscataquis  co.,  Me.,  in 
Greenville  township,  at  the  S.  end  of  Moosehead  Lake,  about 
30  miles  N.W.  of  Dover.     Pop.  of  the  township,  781. 

Greenville,  a  village  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  in  Lei- 
cester township,  1  mile  from  Rochdale  Station.  It  has  a 
church,  a  woollen-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of 
paper-machinery. 

Greenville,  a  post-village  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.,  on 
Flat  River,  and  on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  &  Lake  Michigan 
Railroad,  59  miles  N.W.  of  Lansing,  and  about  24  miles 
N.E.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  is  lighted  with  gas,  and  has  6 
churches,  a  national  bank,  2  other  banks,  a  union  school,  4 
newspaper  offices,  2  flouring-mills,  4  saw-mills,  a  tannery, 
a  woollen-factory,  2  machine-shops,  2  pluning-mills,  and  4 
Bhingle-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  3056. 

Greenville,  a  post  village,  capital  of  Washington  co.. 
Miss.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  100  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Jackson.  It  has  a  court-house,  several  churches,  2  oil-mills, 
2  saw- mills,  a  money-order  post-office,  and  3  newspaper 
offices,  and  is  the  W.  terminus  of  the  Greenville,  Columbus 
&  Birmingham  Railroad.  A  large  quantity  of  cotton  is 
shipped  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  6658. 

Greenville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  AVayne  co.,  Mo., 
on  the  St.  Francis  River,  about  120  miles  S.  of  St.  Louis. 
It  has  a  church. 

Greenville,  a  post-village  of  Hillsborough  co.,  N.H., 
and  a  station  on  the  Peterborough  &  Shirley  Railroad,  24 
miles  N.W.  of  Ayer,  Mass.  It  has  3  churches,  a  savings- 
bank,  and  3  cotton-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  1255. 

Greenville,  a  hamlet  of  Camden  co.,  N.J.,  in  Stockton 
township,  4  miles  from  Camden. 

Greenville,  a  post-village  of  Hudson  eo.,  N.J.,  in  the 
former  township  of  Greenville  (now  a  part  of  Jersey  City), 
on  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  5  miles  S.W.  of 
New  York.  It  has  6  churches,  a  pistol-factory,  and  a 
brewery.  The  township  was  part  of  a  peninsula,  extend- 
ing from  Newark  Bay  to  New  York  Bay. 


Greenville,  ahamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  in  Rockaway 
township,  3  or  4  miles  S.  of  Newfoundland. 

Greenville,  a  hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  in  Greene 
township,  5  miles  W.  of  Andover.  It  has  a  church.  Pop. 
50.     Here  is  Lincoln  Post-Office. 

Greenville,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Green- 
ville township,  about  24  miles  S.S.W.  of  Albany.  It  has  3 
churches,  the  Greenville  Academy,  and  about  35  houses. 
Here  is  a  beautiful  view  of  the  Catskill  Mountains.  The 
township  contains  8  churches  and  a  pop.  of  2034. 

Greenville,  or  Min'isink,  a  post-village  of  Orange 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Greenville  township,  5  miles  E.  of  Port  Jervis. 
It  has  2  or  3  churches  and  2  wagon-shops.  Here  is  Mini- 
sink  Post-Office.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1065. 

Greenville,  a  hamlet  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  li  miles 
from  Scarsdale  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Greenville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pitt  co.,  N.C., 
in  Greenville  township,  on  the  Tar  River,  25  miles  above 
AVashington,  and  about  75  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Raleigh.  It 
has  a  court-house,  a  newspaper  office,  5  churches,  and  a 
carriage-factory.     Pop.  in  1880,  912;  in  1890,  1937. 

Greenville,  a  city,  capital  of  Darke  co ,  0.,  on  a 
creek  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the  Dayton  <fe  Union 
Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Columbus,  Chicago  & 
Indiana  Central  Railroad,  35  miles  N.AV.  of  Dayton,  21 
miles  W.  of  Piqua,  and  94  miles  W.  of  Columbus.  It  con- 
tains 10  churches,  a  national  bank,  2  other  banks,  8  news- 
paper offices,  union  schools,  2  pl.aning-iuills,  a  furniture- 
factory,  terra-cotta-works,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  5473. 

Greenville,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Oregon. 

Greenville,  a  village  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.,  8  miles  E. 
of  Indiana,  and  about  36  miles  W.N.W.  of  Altoona.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.    Here  is  Penn  Run  Post-Office. 

Greenville,  formerly  West  Greenville,  a  post- 
borough  of  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Shenango  River,  on  the 
Erie  Railroad,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Shenango  A  Lake 
Erie  Railroad,  27  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Meadville,  and  35  miles 
N.  of  Newcastle.  It  contains  9  churches,  2  national  banks, 
and  3  newspaper  offices.  It  is  the  seat  of  Thiel  College 
(Lutheran),  and  head-quarters  of  a  railroad.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  iron  goods,  cotton  and  woollen  goods,  and  flour. 
Pop.  in  1880,  3007;  in  1890,  3674. 

Greenville,  a  township  of  Somerset  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Maryland  line.  Pop.  619.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is 
Pocahontas.    See  also  East  Greenville. 

Greenville,  a  post-village  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  8 
or  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Providence.  It  has  a  national  bank, 
3  churches,  2  cotton-mills,  and  a  woollen-mill.     Pop.  120. 

Greenville,  or  Greenville  Court-House,  a  post- 
town  and  railroad  terminus,  capital  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C., 
in  Greenville  township,  and  on  the  Reedy  River,  141  miles 
N.W.  of  Columbia,  and  158  miles  E.N.E.  of  Atlanta,  Ga. 
It  is  on  the  Atlanta  A  Richmond  Air-Line  Railroad.  It 
is  pleasantly  situated  near  the  Saluda  Mountain.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house,  14  churches,  a  female  college,  4  banks, 
and  the  Furman  University  (Baptist),  which  was  organized 
in  1851.  Two  daily  and  4  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.  It  has  3  cotton-factories,  2  foundries,  a  coach-factory, 
a  cotton-seed-oil  mill,  a  fertilizer-factory,  planing-mills, 
and  a  desk-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  8607. 

Greenville,  Greene  CO.,  Tenn.     See  Gkeekeville.    ' 

Greenville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hunt  co.,  Tex.,  is 
on  a  head-stream  of  the  S.abine  River,  about  48  miles  N.E. 
of  Dallas,  and  56  miles  S.S.E.  of  Denison.  It  has  2  churches. 
Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 

Greenville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Beaver  co.,  Utah,  abou^ 
6  miles  AV.  of  Beaver.     It  has  a  church. 

Greenville,  a  post-village  of  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  12  or 
13  miles  S.  of  Staunton.  It  has  4  churches,  a  flour-mill, 
and  separate  schools  for  white  and  colored  children.  Pop. 
in  1890,  328. 

Greenville,  a  hamlet  in  Jackson  co.,  W.  Va.,  16  miles 
from  Ravenswood.     Near  here  is  Le  Roy  Post-Office. 

Greenville,  a  post-township  of  Outagamie  co..  Wis. 
The  township  has  4  churches.  Pop.  1388.  Greenville  Sta- 
tion is  on  the  Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore  A  Western  Railroad, 
8  miles  W.  of  Appleton. 

Greenville  Centre,  a  hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Greenville  township,  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Coxsackie.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  basket-factory. 

Greenville  Court-House,  S.C.    See  GnEENvitLE. 

Greenville  Court-House,  or  Greenville  Junc- 
tion, Virginia.    See  Hicksfokd. 

Greenville  Creek,  Ohio,  runs  eastward  through  the 
middle  of  Darke  co.,  and  unites  with  Stillwater  Creek  at 
Covington,  in  Miami  co.  The  stream  formed  by  this  con- 
fluence is  the  Southwest  Branch  of  the  Miami  River. 


ORE 


1320 


r4MKB 


Green'waf ,  %  poat-offioe  of  Nelson  oo.,  V». 

Greenwich,  Krin'Iilj,  a  borough  of  England,  oo.  of 
Kent,  on  the  riKht  bunk  uf  the  ThuiueK,  3}  milei  E.S.B.  of 
London  Uridgo,  on  a  railway,  obietly  on  low,  marshy  ground, 
a  portion  of  which  is  below  the  level  of  the  Thames.  Lat. 
of  the  Obaerratory,  61"  28'  38"  N.;  Ion.  0°  0'  0".  Moiin 
annual  temperature,  48.9° ;  winter,  37.7° ;  summer,  60.3° 
Fahr.  The  streets  are  in  general  narrow  and  irregular, 
and  many  of  the  houses  mean  in  appeaninoe,  though  re- 
oontly  numerous  handiiomo  new  houses  have  been  built. 
The  town  is  well  lighted  with  gas  and  amply  supplied  with 
water.  The  educational  institutions,  public,  private,  and 
oharitablo,  are  numerous,  as  are  also  the  bonovolonl  and 
charitable  institutions ;  among  the  latter  may  be  named 
Norfolk  College,  supporting  2U  decayed  tradesmen,  liut 
the  object  of  by  far  the  greatest  interest  in  (ireenwioh  is  its 
magniticcnt  Navivl  Hospital,  forthemaintonanoe  of  veteran, 
wounded,  or  unfortunate  seamen, — the  noblest  establish- 
ment of  the  kind  in  Europe.  Its  building  wiis  originally 
a  palace  of  Charles  II.  Commenced  at  the  Restoration  by 
M  ebb,  son-in-law  of  Inigo  Jones,  it  was  carried  on  under 
the  superintendence  of  Sir  Christopher  Wren,  and  finished 
after  his  designs  by  his  successor,  Sir  John  Vanbrugh.  It 
stands  on  the  bank  of  the  river,  on  an  elevated  terrace,  is 
865  feet  in  length,  and  covers,  with  the  schools,  civil  offices, 
lawns,  and  burial-ground  attached,  a  space  of  40  acres.     A 

ftortion  of  the  building  is  occupied  by  the  Royal  Naval  Col- 
ege.  Here  are  royal  schools  for  tho  children  of  officers, 
leamen,  and  marines.  Greenwich  Park,  between  the  hospital 
and  Blaokheath,  first  enclosed  by  Duke  Humphrey  of  Glou- 
cester in  the  reign  of  Henry  VI.,  contains  about  200  acres 
of  undulating  and  wooded  land,  has  numerous  herds  of  doer, 
and  is  a  good  deal  resorted  to  by  the  Londoners.  On  one  of 
its  eminences,  160  feet  above  the  river,  and  once  occupied 
by  Greenwich  Castle,  is  the  Royal  Observatory,  founded  by 
Charles  II.  in  1674.  the  residence  of  the  astronomer  royal, 
and  the  place  from  which  longitudes  are  reckoned.  Green- 
wich sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Pop. 
in  1871.  40,412;  in  1881,  65,41 1  ;  in  1891,  78,131. 

Green'wich,  a  post-village  of  Kern  co.,  Cal.,  about  33 
miles  (direct)  S.E.  of  BakersiJeld.  It  has  2  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  &o, 

Greenwich,  a  post-village  in  Greenwich  township, 
Fairfield  co.,  Conn.,  is  beautifully  situated  on  Long  Island 
Sound,  28  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  New  York,  and  27  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Bridgeport.  It  contains  the  Greenwich  Academy 
and  elegant  residences.  Many  persons  who  do  business  in 
New  York  reside  here.  The  township  forms  the  S.W.  ex- 
tremity of  Connecticut.    P.  (1890)  10,131  ;  of  village,  2100. 

Greenwich,  a  post-hauilet  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas, 
11  miles  N.E.  of  Wichita.     It  has  a  church. 

Greenwich,  a  post-village  of  Hampshire  co.,  Mass., 
on  Swift  River,  30  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Springfield.  It 
has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  526. 

Greenwich,  a  post-village  in  Greenwich  township, 
Cumberland  co.,  N.J.,  on  Cohanscy  Creek,  and  on  the  South 
Jersey  or  Vineland  Railroad,  6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bridgeton. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  machine-shop,  and  a  canning-factory. 
Greenwich  township  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  Delaware 
Bay.  It  contains  many  cranberry-marshes.  Pop.  of  the 
village,  about  600;  of  the  township,  1262. 

Greenwich,  a  township  of  Gloucester  oo.,  N.J.,  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  the  Delaware  River.  It  contains  Clarks- 
borough  and  Paulsborough.     Pop.  2342. 

Greenwich,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  bounded 
W.  by  the  Delaware  River.  Pop.  2587.  Greenwich  Sta- 
tion on  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey  is  2  miles  E.  of 
Phillipsburg. 

Greenwich,  a  post- village  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Greenwich  township,  on  the  Battenkill  River,  and  on  the 
Greenwich  &  Johnsonville  Railroad,  38  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Albany,  and  about  16  miles  E.  of  Saratoga  Springs.  It 
contains  a  national  bank,  6  churches,  a  union  school,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  thread,  paper, 
wood-pulp,  shanks  for  shoes,  knit  goods,  agricultural  imple- 
ments, and  scales.  The  township  contains  hamlets  named 
North  Greenwich,  East  Greenwich,  Fort  MilUr,  and  Batten- 
ville.     Pop.  in  18U0,  4196;  of  the  village,  1663. 

Greenwich,  a  township  of  Huron  co.,  0.  Pop.  881. 
Ece  GiiEBNWicH  Statiox. 

Greenwich,  a  township  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  2151. 
Jt  contains  Grimville,  Klinesville,  &o, 

Greenwich,  Rhode  Island.    See  East  Greenwich. 

Greenwich,  a  post-village  of  Pi  Ute  oo.,  Utah,  100 
miles  S.  of  York  Station.  It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese- 
factory. 

Greenwich,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prince  William  oo.|  Ya., 


4  miles  S.  of  Gaineerille  SUtion,  and  about  40  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Washington,  D.O.     It  has  a  church, 

Greenwich,  a  village  of  Nova  Scotia.  See  Port 
Williams  Station. 

Greenwich  IIill,apo8t-vi11age,  Kings  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  St.  John  River,  19  miles  above  St.  John.     Pop.  150. 

Greenwich  Station,  a  post-village  of  Huron  co.,  0., 
in  Greenwich  township,  on  the  Cleveland,  Columbus  A  In- 
dianapolis Railroad,  55  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cleveland.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  ]ilaning-mill. 

Greenwich  VillaKe,  a  post-village  of  Hampshire  co,, 
Mass.,  in  Greenwich  townshij),  on  the  Springfield,  Athol  A 
Northeastern  Railroad,  32  miles  N.E.  of  Springfield.  It 
has  a  grist-mill  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  picture 
frames,  &c„ 

Green'wood,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Kansas,  has 
an  area  of  1155  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Ver- 
digris River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Fall  River  and  Otter 
Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with 
prairies  and  tracts  of  timber;  tho  soil  is  fertile  and  calca- 
reous. Indian  corn,  wheat,  cattle,  and  hay  are  tho  staple 
products.  Bitutuinous  coal  is  found  hero.  Two  railway 
lines  traverse  this  county.  Capital,  Eureka.  Pop.  in  1870, 
3484;  in  1875,  6483;  in  1880,  10,648;  in  1890,  16,309. 

Greenwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Etowah  co.,  Ala.,  on 
Will's  Creek,  and  on  tne  Alabama  &  Chattanooga  Railroad, 
74  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chattanooga,  Tenn.  It  has  a  church  and 
2  stores.     Pop.  about  60. 

Greenwood,  a  hamlet  of  Mohave  co.,  Arizona,  100 
miles  S.  of  Mineral  Park.  It  has  a  quartz-mill  and  several 
stores.     Pop.  100. 

Greenwood,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Sebastian  co., 
Ark.,  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Fort  Smith.    It  contains  3  churches. 

Greenwood,  a  post-township  of  El  Dorado  co.,  Cal., 
about  46  miles  N.E.  of  Sacramento.     Pop.  657. 

Greenwood,  a  post-village  of  Custer  co..  Col.,  17  miles 
(direct)  N.E.  of  Rosita,  the  capital  of  tho  county.  Pop.  of 
Greenwood  townshiji  in  1890,  410. 

Greenwood,  a  po.ot-village  of  Susses  co.,  Del.,  on  the 
Delaware  Ruilroad,  72  miles  S,  of  Wilmington.  It  has  2 
churches,  an  academy,  a  canning-factory,  and  saw-mills. 

Greenwood,  a  post-haiiilet  of  Jackson  CO.,  Fla.,  66  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Tallahassee.  It  has  2  churches  and  several 
general  stores.     Pop.  about  360. 

Greenwood,  a  township  of  Christian  co..  111.    P.  1075. 

Greenwood,  a  station  in  Cook  co.,  III.,  on  the  Cleve- 
land, Columbus  &  Indiana  Central  Railroad,  1  mile  S.  of 
Dolton's  Station. 

Greenwood,  a  post-village  of  McHenry  co..  III.,  in 
Greenwood  township,  on  the  Nippersink  Creek,  about  56 
miles  N.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  2  churches,  a  nurfcry,  a 
cheese-factory,  a  wagon-factory,  2  creameries,  and  several 
stores.     Pop.  of  tho  t<>wn8liip,  899. 

Greenwood,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co.,  Ind.,  11 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
bank,  a  canning-factory,  a  screen-door  factory,  a  newspaper 
office,  Ac.    Pop.  862. 

GreenAVOod,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa,  about  11 
miles  N.  of  Des  Moines.     It  has  a  Friends'  meeting. 

Greenwood,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Kansas,  is 
drained  by  the  Osage.  Pop.  601.  Greenwood,  a  hamlet  in 
this  township,  is  9  miles  S.W.  of  Ottawa.     It  has  a  church. 

Greenwood,  a  post-office  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad.     Coal  is  mined  near  here. 

Greenwood,  a  post- village  of  Caddo  parish,  La.,  on 
the  Texas  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  15  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Shreve- 
port.     It  has  several  stores. 

Greenwood,  a  plantation  of  Aroostook  co.,  Me.,  about 

22  miles  S.  by  AV.  from  Houlton.     Pop.  47. 
Greenwood,  a  post-township  of  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  about 

30  miles  N.W.  of  Lewiston.  It  has  a  church  and  a  spool- 
factory.     Pop.  846. 

Greenwood,  or  Rogers,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baltimore 
CO.,  Md.,  on  the  Western  Maryland  Railroad,  10  miles  N. 
of  Baltimore. 

Greenwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass., 
in  Wakefield  township,  on  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad,  9 
miles  N.  of  Boston.     It  has  a  church. 

Greenwood,  a  township  of  Clare  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  39. 

Greenwood,  a  village  of  Marquette  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Marouette,  Houghton  A  Ontonagon  Railroad,  21  miles  W. 
of  Marquette.  Here  is  Greenwood  Fiftnace  Station.  Iron 
is  mined  near  this  place. 

Greenwood,  a  township  of  Oceana  co.,  Mich.     P.  248. 

Greenwood,  a  station  in  Gr.ant  township,  Oceana  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Chicago  A  Michigan  Lake  Shore  Railroad, 

23  miles  N.  of  Muskegon.    Here  is  Malta  Post-Offic« 


GRE 


1321 


GRE 


Greenwood)  a  post-hamlet  of  Ogemaw  cc,  Mich.,  at 
Summit  Station  on  the  Mackinaw  division  of  the  Michi- 
gan Central  Railroad,  48  miles  N.  of  Uay  City.  It  has  a 
lumber-mill. 

Greenwood,  a  township  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
1158.    See  Greenwood  Centre. 

Greenwood,  a  township  of  Wexford  co.,  Mich.     P.  136. 

Greenwood,  a  hamlet  in  Greenwood  township,  Hen- 
nepin CO.,  Minn.,  is  on  the  Crow  River,  about  26  miles 
AV.N.W.  of  Minneapolis.     Pop.  of  the  township,  524. 

Greenwood,  a  station  on  the  Natchez,  Jackson  & 
Columbus  Railroad,  14  miles  E.  of  Natchez,  Miss. 

Greenwood,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Le  Flore  co., 
Mississippi,  on  the  Yazoo  River,  28  miles  by  rail  W.  of 
Winona.  Cotton  is  shipped  here  on  steamboats,  which  can 
ascend  to  this  point  in  ordinary  stages  of  water.  It  has  4 
churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  public  school,  oil- 
mills,  &c.    Pop.  in  1890,  lOso. 

Greenwood,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Mo.,  in 
Prairie  township,  on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  28  miles 
S.B.  of  Kansas  City.  Here  is  Lincoln  College  (United  Pres- 
byterian), which  was  chartered  in  1870.  The  village  has  5 
churches  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  296. 

Greenwood,  a  post-villnge  of  Cass  co.,  Neb.,  on  Salt 
Creek,  18  miles  by  rail  N.E.of  Lincoln.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  bank,  a  high  school,  <fec.     Pop.  495. 

Greenwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Greenwood  township,  12  or  13  miles  S.  of  Hornellsville,  and 
32  miles  W.  of  Corning.  It  has  3  churches,  a  foundry,  and 
a  machine-shop.     Pop.  350  ;  of  the  township,  1312. 

Greenwood,  a  post-office  of  Moore  co.,  N.C.,  in  Green- 
wood township,  6  miles  from  Cameron  Station.  Pop.  1523. 
The  township  contains  a  village  named  Cameron. 

Greenwood,  a  post-township  of  Columbia  co..  Pa., 
about  10  miles  N.  of  Bloomsburg.  Pop.  1588.  It  contains 
Rohrsburg,  lola,  and  Millville. 

Greenwood,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  trav- 
ersed by  the  Atlantic  <fc  Great  Western  Railroad.  Pop.  1782. 
It  contains  Geneva. 

Greenwood,  a  station  in  Delaware  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
West  Chester  &  Philadelphia  Railroad,  14  miles  from  Media. 

Greenwood,  a  township  of  Juniata  co.,  Pa.  Pop. 
744.    It  contains  Richfield. 

Greenwood,  a  township  of  Perry  co..  Pa.,  contiguous 
to  the  foregoing  township.  Pop.  1080,  exclusive  of  the 
borough  of  Millerstown. 

Greenwood,  a  station  on  the  Providence  &  Stonington 
Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of  Providence,  R.I. 

Greenwood,  a  post-village  in  Greenwood  township, 
Abbeville  co.,  S.C.  on  the  Columbia  &  Greenville  Railroad, 
84miles  W.N.W.of  Columbia,  and  14  miles  E.  of  Abbeville. 
It  has  6  churches,  a  high  school,  2  banks,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  in  1890,  1326;  of  the  township,  5083. 

Greenwood,  a  village  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn.,  about  2 
miles  from  Memphis.     Here  is  a  female  college. 

Greenwood,  a  hamlet  of  Hopkins  co.,  Tex.,  35  miles 
N.  of  Mineola.     It  has  ;i  ch'urches. 

Greenwood,  a  post-office  of  Wise  co.,  Tex. 

Greenwood,  Virginia.     See  Greenwood  Depot. 
f    Greenwood,  a  post-village  of  Doddridge  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Baliitnoro  and  Ohio  Railroad,  48  miles  E.  of  Parkers- 
burg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Greenwood,  a  post-villnge  of  Clark  co..  Wis.,  on 
Black  River,  16  miles  N.  of  Neillsville.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  public  school,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  stave-mill. 
Pop.  250. 

Greenwood,  a  township  of  Vernon  co..  Wis.  Pop.  885. 
It  contains  Debollo. 

Greenwood,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  9 
miles  N.W.  of  Whitby.  It  contains  2  grist-mills,  a  potash- 
factory,  a  stave-factory,  2  hotels,  a  church,  <fcc.     Pop.  600. 

Greenwood  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kossuth  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  East  Fork  of  the  Des  Moines  River,  about  18 
miles  N.  of  Algona. 

Greenwood  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Greenwood 
township,  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Port 
Huron.     It  has  2  churches. 

Greenwood  Depot,  a  post-office  of  Albemarle  co., 
Va.,  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  21  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Staunton. 

Greenwood  Furnace,  a  post-village  of  Huntingdon 
00.,  Pa.,  about  11  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Lewistown.  It  has  2 
iron-furnaces  and  a  church.     Pop.  about  400. 

Greenwood  Hill, apost-hamletof  Pendleton  co.,  Ky., 
4  miles  from  Butler.     It  has  a  church. 

Greenwood  Iron-Works,  or  Greenwood,  a  post- 
hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Monroe  township,  on  the 
84 


Erie  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Newburg  &  New  York 
Railroad,  20  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Newburg.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  furnace  for  pig-iron,  and  a  manufactory  of  mineral  wool. 

Greenwood  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Kenton  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Cincinnati. 

Greenwood  Lake,  a  post-village  and  popular  wiiter- 
ing-place  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  at  the  terminus  of  the  New 
York  &  Qreenwooil  Lake  Railroad,  49  miles  N.N.W.  of  New 
York  City.  It  has  2  churches,  and  numerous  hotels,  cot- 
tages, and  boarding-houses.  The  lake  is  about  9  miles  long, 
and  surrounded  by  high  hills. 

Greer's,  a  station  in  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Char- 
tiers  Railroad,  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pittsburg. 

Greers'burg,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co..  Ark.,  3  miles 
from  Van  Buren.     It  has  a  church  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Greer's  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C, 
in  Chick's  Springs  township,  on  the  Atlanta  &  Richmond 
Air-Line  Railroad,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Greenville. 

Greers'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Walhonding  River,  about  25  miles  S.E.  of  Mansfield.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  cigar-factory.     Pop.  73. 

Grefrath,  grfirrit,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Dusseldorf, 
at  a  railway  junction,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Kempen.  It  hag 
manufactures  of  linens  and  ribbons.     Pop.  2510. 

Gregapojee,  gri-gi-po'jee*,  or  Gree^jee',  a  town  of 
Dahomey,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Whydah.  Lat.  6°  12'  N.;  Ion. 
1°  32'  E.     Pop.  1200. 

Gregg,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Texas,  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Sabine  River  and  by  the  Texas  &  Pacifie 
Railroad.  The  surface  is  diversified.  Cotton  and  corn  are 
the  staple  products.     Capital,  Longview.     P.  (1890),  9402. 

Gregg,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1041.  It 
contains  Hall. 

Gregg,  a  township  of  Centre  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1636.  It 
contains  the  vilLige  of  Spring  Mills. 

Gregg,  a  township  of  Union  co..  Pa.  Pop.  821.  It 
contains  the  village  of  Allenwood. 

Gregg,  a  township  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  3200. 

Gregg's,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Pitts- 
burg, Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  25  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Pittsburg. 

Greggs'ville,  a  post-office  of  Ohio  co.,  W.  Va. 

Gregna,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Grein. 

Greg'ory,  a  county  in  South  Dakota,  borders  on  Ne- 
braska. It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Missouri  River, 
and  traversed  by  Ponca  River.  The  surface  is  undulating 
or  nearly  level.    Area,  975  square  miles.    Pop.  in  1890,  295. 

Gregory,  a  township  of  Rock  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  163. 

Greg'ory  Lake,  a  large  salt  lake  or  basin  of  South 
Australia,  receiving  one  of  the  main  arms  of  Cooper's 
Creek.     Lat.  29°  20'  S. ;  Ion.  139°  50'  E. 

Greg'ory  Land'ing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarke  co..  Mo., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  near  Gregory  Station  (or  Hazle- 
ton)  on  the  St.  Louis,  Keokuk  &  Northwestern  Railroad, 
11  miles  S.  of  Keokuk,  Iowa.     It  has  a  church. 

Greifenberg,  gri'f?n-b4RG\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Pomerania,  40  miles  N.E.  of  Stettin,  on  the  Rega.    P.  6631. 

Greifenberg,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  on  the 
Queiss,  about  12  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Lobau.     Pop.  2783. 

Greifenberg,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg,  45 
miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Berlin,  on  the  Sarnitz.    Pop.  1485. 

Greifenburg,  gri'f?n-booRG\  a  town  of  Austria,,  in 
Carinthia,  32  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Villach,  near  the 
Drave.     Pop.  896. 

Greifendorf,  gri'f?n-doRr,  a  village  of  Moravia,  on  a 
railway,  near  Brunn.     Pop.  2100. 

Greifenhagen,  grl'f?n-hi'gh?n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Pomerania,  12  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Stettin,  near  the  Oder. 
Pop.  6769.     It  has  manufactures  of  woollens  and  leather. 

Greifenstein,  gri'f^n-stlne^  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, 10  miles  N.W.  of  Wetzlar.     Pop.  694. 

Greifenstein,  a  village  of  Austria,  on  the  Danube, 
about  10  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  398. 

Greitfensee,  gri'f?n-s4\  a  town  of  Switzerland,  can* 
ton  and  6  miles  E.  of  Zurich,  on  the  small  lake  of  Greif- 
fensee.     Pop.  396. 

GreifsAVald,  grifs''frlld,  formerly  written  Gripes- 
wold,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  18  miles  by  rail 
S.E.  of  Stralsund,  on  the  Ryck,  near  its  mouth  in  the 
Baltic.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  a  harbor  fitted  for 
small  vessels,  a  university  founded  in  1456,  a  medico- 
chirurgical  school,  observatory,  botanic  garden,  museums, 
and  a  gymn.isium.  It  has  manufactures  of  tob.acco  and 
soap,  oil-mills,  building-docks,  distilleries,  salt-refineries, 
and  an  active  trade  both  by  sea  and  by  land.     Pop.  18,022. 

Greifswald-oe,  grifs'^&ld-o\h,  an  islet  in  the  Baltis 
Sea,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Riigen. 


ORE 


1822 


GRB 


Greig,  grSg,  »  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.,  In  Greig 
township,  on  Black  lUver,  about  S3  milos  N.  of  Rome.  It 
hu  2  churches,  and  paper-,  saw-,  and  grist-mills.  Pop.  of 
tbo  toirn«hip  in  18U0,  1481. 

Greigtiville,  grOgs'vIl,  a  post-village  of  Livingston 
00.,  N.Y.,  in  York  township,  noar  the  Qeneeee  River,  and 
aiwut  28  miles  S.S.W.  of  Uuubester.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  manufactory  of  farming-implements. 

CirciUf  grAn,  a  oonsiderubie  town  of  Arabia,  in  Iladra- 
maut,  on  the  Wiuly  Doan,  near  Makallah. 

t«rcin,  grino,  or  Gretna,  grAg'n&,  a  town  of  Austria, 
on  the  Danube,  27  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lintz.     Pop.  1262. 

Grciiiord,  groo'n<;ir(l,  a  bay  of  Scotland,  4  miles  wide, 
on  the  N.W.  ooodt  of  Koss-shire,  S.W.  of  Loch  Broom. 

Greitz,  or  Greiz,  grits,  a  town  of  Central  Qermany, 
capital  of  the  principality  of  Reuss-Qreitz,  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  White  Elster,  at  a  railway  junction,  49  milos  S.S.W. 
of  Leipsic.  It  is  encluseil  by  walls,  is  well  built,  and  is  the 
residence  of  the  reigning  prince,  who  has  here  two  ca^tlos 
and  a  summer  palace  with  fine  gardens.  It  has  a  semi- 
nary, a  normal  school,  a  Latin  school,  manufactures  of 
woollen  and  cotton  fabrics,  print-works,  distilleries,  and 
breweries.     Pop.  12,657. 

Grcklis,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Graslitz. 

Grembergen,  grdm'bdK-gh^n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
East  Flanders.     Pop.  2300. 

Grenaae^  gr^h-nO'^h^  or  Grinaae^  gre-no'9h\  a 
maritime  town  of  Denmark,  near  the  E.  extremity  of  Jut- 
land, 32  miles  E.  of  Randers.     Pop.  1923. 

Grenada,  gr^n-i'd^  (Fr.  Grenade,  gr^h-nid'),  one  of 
the  British  West  India  Islands,  having  a  colonial  govern- 
ment, and  forming  also,  with  the  Grenadines,  a  member  of 
the  united  colony  of  the  Windward  Islands.  Lat.  (S.  point) 
11°  59'  N. ;  Ion.  61°  45'  W.  It  is  of  an  oblong  form,  24i 
miles  long  N.  and  S.,  and  10  miles  broad.  Area,  133  square 
miles.  There  are  several  bays  and  creeks  on  both  sides  of 
the  island,  affording  good  anchorage.  Grenada  is  one  of 
the  most  beautiful  of  the  West  India  Islands,  rugged  and 
picturesque  in  the  interior,  being  traversed  from  N.  to  S. 
Dy  an  irregular  moss  of  volcanic  mountains  which  attain 
elevations  of  3000  to  3200  feet  above  sea-level.  In  the 
centre  of  the  island,  about  1700  feet  above  sea-levol,  there 
is  a  circular  lake,  2^  miles  in  circumference,  enclosed  by 
lofty  mountains.  Rivers  and  rivulets  are  extremely  numer- 
ous, and  most  of  the  former  are  capable  of  working  sugar- 
mills.  The  soil  is  variable,  but  consists  principally  of  a 
rich  black  or  reddish  mould,  well  adapted  to  every  tropical 
production.  Cotton  was  formerly  the  chief  article  of  culti- 
vation ;  but  at  present  sugar,  cacao,  rum,  and  molasses  stand 
first  in  the  exports.  The  island  is  divided  into  6  districts, 
and  has  a  lieutenant-governor  and  a  local  legislature.  Cap- 
ital, St.  George.  Grenada  was  discovered  by  Columbus  in 
his  third  voyage,  in  1498,  at  which  time  it  was  inhabited 
by  Caribs,  who  were  subsequently  exterminated  by  the 
French,  by  whom  the  island  was  colonized  about  the  mid- 
dle of  the  seventeenth  century,  and  in  whose  possession 
it  remained  till  1762,  when  it  was  taken  by  the  British. 
It  was  recaptured  by  the  French  in  1779,  and  restored  to 
Britain  in  1783.  Pop.  in  1875,  including  a  part  of  the 
Grenadines,  40,412;  in  1885,  48,425,  mostly  blacks. 

Grenada,  grSn-ah'da,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part 
of  Mississippi,  has  an  area  of  about  450  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Yalabusha  River.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating or  nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Nearly  half 
of  the  county  is  covered  with  forests.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  k  Chicago  Railroad,  and  is  directly 
connected  with  Memphis  by  the  Mississippi  &  Tennessee 
Railroad.  Capital,  Grenada.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,571;  in 
1880,  12,071 ;  in  1890,  14,974. 

Grenada,  Bent  co.,  Colorado.     See  Granada. 

Grenada,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Grenada  co..  Miss., 
on  the  Yalabusha  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  St.  Louis  & 
New  Orleans  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Mississippi 
A  Tennessee  Railroad,  1 12  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Jackson,  and 
100  miles  S.  of  Memphis,  Tenn.  It  has  8  churche?,  2  bunks, 
a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  niiinufactures  of  ice, 
cotton-seed  oil,  and  bricks.     Pop.  in  1890,  2416. 

Grenade,  the  French  name  of  Granada. 

Grenade,  gr^h-n&d',  a  village  of  France,  in  Garonne, 
15  miles  N.N.W.  of  Toulouse.     Pop.  2674. 

Grenade,  a  village  of  France,  in  Landes,  10  miles 
6.S.E.  of  Mont-de-Marsan.     Pop.  1658. 

Grenadines,  grin-a-deenz',  or  Grenadilles,  grSn- 
&-deel',  a  group  of  islands  iu  the  West  Indies,  belonging  to 
Great  Britain,  extending  from  lat.  12°  30'  to  13°  N.,  be- 
tween Grenad.i  and  St.  Vincent,  and  consisting  of  Bequio, 


Carriaoou,  and  Union,  besides  several  smaller  islands.  Area, 
86  square  miles.  Thoy  form  a  dependency  of  Grenada. 
Chief  e.xports,  fish  oil,  wood,  sugar,  corn,  and  cotton. 
Pop.  6400. 

Gren^ard',  a  township  of  Iroquois  oo..  III.     Pop.  641. 

Grcnchcn,  grdn'K^n  (Fr.  Gramje,  grANzh),  a  village  of 
Switzerland,  canton  and  7  miles  by  rail  W.8.W.  of  Solenre^ 
It  has  minenil  springs.     Pop.  2541. 

Grendelbrucli,  gr6n'd?l-br55K^  (Fr.  pron.  grfts^^dfiP- 
briik'),  a  village  of  Alsace,  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Schlcttstadt. 

Grenellc,  gr^h-ndll',  a  village  of  Franco,  within  the 
fortifications  of  Paris,  celebrated  for  its  artesian  well,  1794 
feet  deep,  which  supplies  a  part  of  Paris  with  water. 

GrenMcli',  a  town  of  New  South  AVales,  233  miles  W. 
of  Sydney,  with  quartz  gold-mines.     Pop.  1657. 

Grenna,  gr(n'n&,  a  town  of  Sweden,  laen  and  20  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Jcinkoping,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Lake  Wetter. 

Grennc,  or  Grcnnah,  a  town  of  Africa.  See  Cyrenb. 

Grenn'ville,  a  station  in  Carbon  oo.,  Wyoming,  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Fort  Fred.  Steele. 
Elevation,  6560  feet. 

Grenoble,  gr^n-ob'l'  or  gr^h-nS'b'l  (anc.  Cul'aro  or 
Gratianop'olit),  a  fortified  city  of  France,  capital  of  the 
department  of  Isdre,  picturesquely  situated  on  both  sides 
of  the  IstJre  River,  here  crossed  by  2  bridges  and  bordered 
by  handsome  quays,  75  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  L3'ons.  Lat. 
46°  12'  N. ;  Ion.  6°  44'  E.  The  city  proper,  on  the  S.  bank 
of  the  river,  is  enclosed  by  bastioned  ramparts,  and  has  a 
citadel ;  the  faubourg  Saint-Laurent,  the  original  quarter, 
founded  by  the  Emperor  Qratian,  on  the  opposite  bank,  is 
protected  by  the  fort  of  La  Bastile,  on  an  adjacent  height. 
Principal  edifices,  the  cathedral,  the  court-house,  the  na- 
tional college,  with  a  museum  and  picture-gallery,  the  epis- 
copal palace,  theatre,  public  library  of  100,000  volumes,  sev- 
eral convents,  hospitals,  <tc.  There  is  a  good  public  garden, 
and  in  a  principal  square  is  a  colossal  bronze  statue  of  the 
Chevalier  Bayard.  Grenoble  is  the  seat  of  a  national  court, 
an  aciidimie  uiiiversitaire,  a  tribunal  of  commerce,  a  cham- 
ber of  manufactures,  and  a  board  of  customs,  and  has  a  nor- 
mal school  and  other  schools.  It  has  manufactures  of  kid 
gloves,  liqueurs,  buttons,  and  cement,  and  a  trade  in  hemp, 
iron,  and  marble.  It  was  anciently  known  by  the  name  of 
Cularo,  afterwards  as  Gratianopoli.".     Pop.  43,054. 

Greno'la,  a  post-village  of  Elk  co.,  Kansas,  36  miles 
by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Winfield.  It  has  5  churches,  a  public 
school,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  grist-mill.  Pop. 
in  1890,  608. 

Gren'ville,  a  county  of  Ontario,  bordering  on  the  St. 
Lawrence,  has  nn  area  of  464  square  miles.  It  is  traversed 
by  the  St.  Lawrence  <S;  Ottawa  and  Grand  Trunk  Railways. 
Capital,  Prescott.     Pop.  22,616. 

Grenville,  a  post-village  in  Argenteuil  co.,  Quebec,  on 
the  River  Ottawa,  67  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Montreal.  It  has 
several  mills,  mica-mines,  and  burrstone-quurries.  It  is  at 
the  head  of  the  Carillon  Canal.     Pop.  600, 

Grenville  Island,  Pacific  Ocean.     See  Rotitjia. 

Gr^oulx  or  Greoux,  gr£^oo',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Basses-Alpes,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Digne.    It  has  mineral  baths. 

Gresh'am,  a  post-village  of  York  CO.,  Neb.,  16  miles  by 
rail  N.E.  of  York.  It  has  2  churches,  2  banks,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  about  450. 

Gresh'amville,  a  post- village  of  Greene  co.,  Ga.,  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Grecnsborough.     It  has  2  churches. 

Gresholm,  an  island  of  Wales.    See  Grasholm. 

Gresh'ville,  a  post-office  of  Berks  co.,  Pa. 

Gresik,  or  Gressic,  a  town  of  Java.    See  Grisseh. 

Gresivaudan,  gri'zeeSo'd5s»',  one  of  the  most  pic- 
turesque and  productive  valleys  of  France,  in  Isdrc,  trav- 
ersed by  the  Is6re  to  its  confluence  with  the  Drac. 

Gressenich,  grfis's^h-niK,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Aix- 
la-Chapelle.  It  has  mines  of  zinc  and  iron,  and  manufac- 
tories of  flannels.     Pop.  of  commune,  4215. 

Gresy,  gri^zee'  (L.  Gressiacum),  a  town  of  France,  on 
the  Isure,  23  miles  E.  of  Chamb6ry.     Pop.  1174. 

Gresy- sur-Aix,  grA'zee'-silR-ix,  a  village  of  Franco, 
in  Savoy,  11  miles  N.  of  Chamb6ry.     Pop.  1345. 

Gre'ta,  or  Grea'ta,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Cum- 
berland, an  affluent  of  the  Derwent. 

Gre'ta,  a  small  river  of  England,  co.  of  York,  North 
Riding,  flows  E.  and  N.  into  the  Tees. 

Greta  Bridge,  a  hamlet  on  the  above  river,  E.  of 
Barnard  Castle. 

Gret'na,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Jefferson  parish,  La., 
2  miles  by  rail  W.  of  New  Orleans.  It  has  7  churches,  an 
oil-mill,  a  newspaper  office,  &c.     Pop.  3332. 

Gret'na,  a  post-village  of  Sarpy  co.,  Neb.,  21  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Omaha.    It  has  a  church,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac. 


GRE 


1323 


GRI 


Grct'na  Green,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Dum- 
fries, on  the  Sark,  9  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Carlisle,  on  the 
boundary-line  between  Scotland  and  England.  It  was  long 
celebrated  as  the  resort  of  parties  bent  on  clandestine  mar- 
riages to  avoid  the  English  marriage  law. 

Greussen,  grois'sen,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Schwarz- 
burg-Sondershausen,  on  a  railway,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Son- 
dershausen.     Pop.  2978. 

Grave,  gri'vi,  a  river  of  Tuscany,  joins  the  Amo  3 
miles  below  Florence.     Length,  about  24  miles. 

Greve,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  11  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Florence,  on  the  Greve.     Pop.  3195. 

Greven,  gri'v^n,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  22  miles 
E.  of  Miinster,  on  the  Ems.     Pop.  1790. 

Grevenbicht,  gri'v§n-biKt\  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  Limburg,  12  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Maostricht. 

Grevcnbroich,  gri'v^n-broiK^,  a  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  13  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Dusseldorf.     Pop.  1323. 

Grevenmacher,  gri'v^n-miK^^r,  or  Grevenma- 
chcrn,  grd'ven-miK*§rn,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  prov- 
ince and  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Luxemburg,  on  the  Moselle. 
Pop.  2498. 

Grcvismiihlen,  gri'vis-miiM^n,  a  town  of  Germany, 
in  Mooklenburg-Schwerin,  between  two  lakes,  11  miles 
"W.S.W.  of  Wismar.     Pop.  4189. 

Grevno,  grfiv'no,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in  Mace- 
donia, 60  miles  S.S.W.  of  Monastir. 

Grey,  gra,  a  county  of  Ontario,  bordering  on  Georgian 
Bay,  comprises  an  area  of  1799  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  several  streams,  and  the  land  is  excellent  for  agricultural 
purposes.  The  Toronto,  Grey  <t  Bruce  Railway  traverses 
this  county.     Capital,  Owen  Sound.     Pop.  (1891)  76,238. 

Grey,  Ontario.    See  Cbanbrook. 

Greybeard,  gra'beerd,  a  mountain  of  North  Carolina, 
in  Buncombe  co.,  has  an  altitude  of  5448  feet. 

Grey  Bull  River,  Wyoming,  runs  northeastward,  and 
enters  the  Big  Horn  River  in  Sweetwater  co.  It  is  about 
100  miles  long. 

Grey'court,  a  hamlet  in  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie 
Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Newburg  Branch  and  of 
the  Warwick  Valley  Railroad,  53  miles  N.W.  of  New  York. 
Near  here  is  Chester  Post-Office. 

Grey  Eagle,  ee'g'l,  a  post-township  of  Todd  co.,  Minn., 
10  miles  from  Melrose.    Pop.  124.    It  contains  Birch  Lake. 

Greyers,  a  town  of  Switzerland.    See  Gu0y£re. 

Grey'lock,  or  Gray'lock,  Massachusetts,  called  also 
Saddle  Mountain  or  Saddle  Ball,  a  mountain-peak 
in  Adams  township,  Berkshire  co.  It  rises  3500  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea,  and  is  the  highest  point  of  the  state. 

Grey'mouth,  a  town  of  New  Zealand,  province  of  West- 
land,  on  the  W.  coast,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Grey,  has 
a  hospital,  saw-mills,  brick-yards,  foundry,  ropewalk,  and 
2  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers.  It  ships  coal  and  timber, 
and  is  the  terminus  of  a  short  railway.     Pop.  2181. 

Grey'stone,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilson  co.,  Kansas,  18 
miles  W.  of  Chanute. 

Grey'stones,  a  village  on  the  E.  coast  of  Ireland,  co. 
of  Wicklow,  3  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Bray.     Pop.  238. 

Grey  Town,  San  Juan  de  Nicaragua,  san  ju'an 
(or  sin  Hoo-S,n')  dA  ne-ki-ri'gwi,  or  San  Juan  del 
Norte,  ddl  nor'tA,  a  seaport  town  of  Nicaragua,  on  the  E. 
coast,  at  the  mouth  of  the  navigable  river  San  Juan.  It 
is  the  principal  seaport  of  Nicaragua.  Lat.  10°  55'  N. ;  Ion. 
83°  43'  W.  It  has  considerable  trade  in  the  export  of  hides, 
india-rubber,  skins,  cocoanuts,  rosewood,  tortoise-shell,  and 
specie.  The  harbor,  once  the  finest  on  the  coast  of  Central 
America,  is  badly  silted  up.  The  communication  with  the 
Pacific  Ocean  is  through  a  healthy  and  eminently  pictu- 
resque country,  and,  by  the  aid  of  steamers  on  the  rivers 
and  on  Lake  Nicaragua,  the  transit  has  been  accomplished 
in  36  hours.    Pop.  1200. 

Grez,  gri,  or  Grcz-Doicean,  gri-dwi'sS',  a  village 
of  Belgium,  in  South  Brabant,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Dyle,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  2600. 

Grezana,  grSd-zi'ni,  or  Grezzana,  grfit-zi'nl,  a 
village  of  North  Italy,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Verona.    Pop.  4073. 

Grez  -  en  -  Bouere,  griz-fiNo-boo^ain',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Mayenne,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Chateau-Gonthier. 

Griazovetz,  Griasowetz,  orGrjasowez,  gre-i- 
io-v6ts',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  30  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Vologda.     Pop.  2174. 

Gri'der,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.,  Ky.,  35  miles 
S.E.  of  Glaagow.     It  has  a  church. 

Grid'ley,  a  post-village  of  Butte  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Oregon  division  of  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  18  miles  N. 
by  W.  of  Marysville.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  high  fchool,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  686. 


Grid  ley,  a  post- village  of  McLean  co.,  III.,  on  the  Toledo, 
Peoria  &  Warsaw  Railroad,  48  miles  E.  of  Peoria,  and  about 
22  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bloomington.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  brick-  and  tile- 
factory,  Ac.     Pop.  474. 

Griechenland,  the  German  name  of  Gueece. 

Griefswald,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Greifswald. 

Gri^ges,  gre-aizh',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ain,  18 
miles  W.  of  Bourg-en-Bresse.     Pop.  1277. 

Grier's  (greerz)  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co.. 
Pa.,  about  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Harrisburg. 

Gries  (gree  or  grees),  Mount,  an  Alpine  summit,  be- 
tween Piedmont  and  the  Swiss  canton  of  Valais.  Lat.  46° 
27'  30"  N.;  Ion.  8°  23'  E.  It  is  crossed  by  a  pass  between 
the  Hasli  Valley  and  Domo  d'Ossola,  at  an  elevation  of  7S21 
feet.     On  its  S.  side  the  Toce  forms  a  remarkable  cataract. 

Gries,  gree  or  grees,  a  village  of  Alsace,  13  miles  N.  of 
Strasburg.     Pop.  1746. 

Gries,  grees,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Tyrol.    Pop.  2301. 

Griesbach,  grees'biK,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  16  miles 
S.W.  of  Passau.     Pop.  1182. 

Griesbach,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  9  miles  E.  of  Passau, 
near  the  Austrian  frontier. 

Griesdorf,  a  village  of  Bohemia.    See  Kriesdorf. 

Gries'emersvilie,  a  post-office  of  Berks  co..  Pa. 

Griesheim,  grees'hime,  a  village  of  Hesse,  6  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Darmstadt.     Pop.  3659. 

Grieskirchen,  grees'kSeRK'^n,  a  town  of  Austria,  22 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Lintz.     Pop.  1428. 

Grieth,  greet,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  on  the  Rhine, 
5  miles  E.  of  Cleves.     Pop.  1200. 

Griethausen,  greet'hSw'z^n,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, on  the  Rhine,  3  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cleves.     Pop.  870. 

Griffin,  a  hamlet  of  Clay  co..  Ark.,  13  miles  E.  of  Com- 
ing.    It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Gritlin,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Spalding  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Central  Railroad  of  Georgia,  at  its  junction  with  the  Sa- 
vannah, Griffin  A  North  Alabama  Railroad,  43  miles  S.  of 
Atlanta,  and  60  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Macon.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  the  Griffin  Fe- 
male College,  an  institute  for  boys,  8  churches  (5  white 
and  3  colored),  and  printing-offices  which  issue  a  daily  and 
2  weekly  newspapers.  Large  quantities  of  cotton  are 
shipped  here.     Pop.  in  1880,  3620;  in  1890,  4503, 

Griffin,  a  post-office  of  Cuming  co..  Neb. 

Griffin,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  Tex. 

Griffin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burnett  co..  Wis.,  20  miles  E. 
of  Pine  City,  Minn.     Here  are  cranberry-marshes. 

Griffin's,  a  station  in  Rush  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Cincinnati, 
Hamilton  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Rushville. 

Griffin's  Corners,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort 
of  Delaware  oo.,  N.Y.,  in  a  valley  of  the  Catskill  Mountains, 
44  miles  bj'  rail  W.N.W.  of  Rondout.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  graded  school.  Pop.  about 
550. 

Griffin's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  N.Y.,  2J 
miles  from  Cold  Spring. 

Griffin's  Cove,  or  Anse  aux  Griffons,  5nss  o  gree^- 
f6N°',  a  post-village  in  Gasp6  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  coast,  8 
miles  S.E.  of  Fox  River.     It  has  a  good  fishing-trade. 

Griffin's  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Aurora  township,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Aurora.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  grist-mill. 

Grif'finsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Appanoose  oo.,  Iowa, 
on  Chariton  River,  11  miles  S.  of  Melrose  Station.  It  has 
a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Griffith  Mountain,  Colorado,  is  in  Clear  Creek  co., 
near  Georgetown.    Height,  11,273  feet.    Silver  is  found  here. 

Griffith's,  a  station  in  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  &  Delaware  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Philadelphia,  Wilmington  &  Baltimore  Railroad,  1  mile 
S.E.  of  Newark,  and  13  miles  S.W.  of  Wilmington. 

Griffith's,  a  station  on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  A  Terre 
Haute  Railroad,  14  miles  W.  of  Torre  Haute. 

Griffith's  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.,  3i 
miles  from  East  Bloomfield. 

Grif'fithsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  W.  Ya., 
about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Charleston.     It  has  a  church. 

Grift,  a  river  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Grebe. 

Grigan,  gre-gS.n',  one  of  the  Ladrone  or  Marianne 
Islands,  in  the  North  Pacific  Ocean.  Lat.  1 8°  48'  N. ;  Ion. 
145°  40'  E.     It  is  about  8  miles  wide,  and  2300  feet  high, 

Grigg's  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0. 

Griggs'town,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Franklin  township,  on  Millstone  River,  and  on  the  Dela- 
ware A  Raritan  Canal,  about  18  miles  N.N.E,  of  Trenton. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 


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Grigg9'ville«  a  poat-village  of  Pike  oo.,  III.,  inOriggs- 
▼ille  township,  on  the  Wabn«h  Rnilroad,  32  miles  W.  of 
jMkwnville,  37  miles  E.  of  Hannibal,  Mo.,  and  4  miles  W. 
of  the  Illinois  lUver.  It  has  6  churuhvs,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  public  school,  a  fruit-evajwrator,  Ac.  Pop. 
1400;  of  the  township.  2284. 

Griggsville  Land'ing,  a  hamlet  of  Pike  oo.,  III.,  on 
the  Illinois  Kiver,  at  Phillips  Forry,  on  the  Wabash  llail- 
road,  28  miles  W.  of  Jacksonville.     It  has  a  church. 

Grignan,  green^yft^*',  a  town  of  Tninoe,  in  Dr6me,  44 
miles  S.  of  Valence.     Pop.  1932. 

GrignanOf  grecn-y&'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and 
8  miles  S.W.  of  llovigo.     Pop.  2491. 

GrignascO)  green-y&s'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
81  miles  N.W.  of  Novara.     Pop.  1694, 

Grigno,  or  Griivio^  grecn'yo,  a  village  of  Austria,  in 
Tyrol,  4  miles  E.S.E.  of  Trent.     Pop.  2010. 

Grignols,  greon'yol',  a  village  of  France,  in  Dordogno, 

10  miles  S.W.  of  P^riguoux.     Pop.  1150. 

GrignolS)  a  village  of  France,  in  Gironde,  40  miles 
S.E.  of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  1892. 

Grignon,  green^yin*',  a  village  of  France,  in  COte- 
d'Or,  9  miles  from  Montbard.     Pop.  505. 

Grigny,  green'yoo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Rhftne,  on 
the  river  llhone,  22  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Lyons.     Pop.  1898. 

Grigoriopol)gre-go-re-o'pol,  atown  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment of  Kherson,  on  the  Dniester,  90  miles  from  its  mouth. 
Pop.  6791.     It  has  manufactures  of  silks  and  cottons. 

Grigs'by's,  a  station  in  Spencer  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Rock- 
(tort  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  15  miles  N.  of  Rockport. 

Grigsby's  Bluflf,  a  post-oflice  of  Jefferson  co.,  Tex. 

GrUo,  gre'zho,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Douro, 
14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Oporto.     Pop.  3032. 

Grijota,  or  Grixota,  gre-Ho'ti,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  4  miles  N.W.  of  Palencia.     Pop.  1600. 

Grijota,  a  river  of  Mexico.     See  Tabasco. 

GrUpskerk,  or  Grypskcrk,  grips'kflnk,  a  village  of 
the  Netherlands,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Groningon.    Pop.  739. 

Grimaldi,  gre-m&l'dcc,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and 

11  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cosenza.     Pop.  3357. 

Grimaud,  gree'mo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Var,  near 
the  Mediternanean,  19  miles  S.S.E.  of  Draguignan.    P.  1253. 

Grimaud,  Gulf  of.    See  Gulp  of  Guimaud. 

Grimbcrghen,  grim'b^R-gh^n,  a  village  of  Belgium, 
in  South  Brabant,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  3500. 

Grimes,  grimz,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of 
Texas,  has  an  area  of  about  850  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  the  Brazos  and  Navasota  Rivers.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  mostly  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  in 
its  S.W.  part  by  the  Gulf,  Colorado  <t  Santa  F6  Railroad 
and  the  Houston  &  Texas  Central  Railroad.  Capital, 
Anderson.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,218;  in  1830,  18,603;  in  1890, 
21,312. 

Grimes  Land'ing,  a  hamlet  of  Colusa  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Sacramento  River,  12  miles  from  Arbuckle.  It  has  a 
church  and  2  warehouses. 

GrimesviHe,  grimz' vil,  a  station  in  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of  Buffalo. 

Grimlinghausen,  grim'ling-how^z^n,  a  village  of 
Rhenish  Prussia,  4  miles  S.  of  Dusseldorf.     Pop.  1000. 

Grimm,  a  post-oflSce  of  Wabaunsee  co.,  Kansas. 

Grimma,  grim'mH,  a  town  of  Saxony,  17  miles  S.E.  of 
Leipsic,  on  the  Mulde.  Pop.  6536.  It  has  a  normal  school, 
and  manufactures  of  woollen  stuffs,  starch,  and  mathematical 
instruments. 

Grimme,  grim'm^h,  or  Grimmen,  grim'm^n,  a  town 
of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  15  miles  S.  of  Stralsnnd,  on  the 
Trebel.    Pop.  3129. 

Grimm's,  a  post-oflRce  of  Manitowoc  co.,  Wis.,  on  the 
Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore  <t  Western  Railroad,  14  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  Manitowoc. 

Grimm's  Land'ing,  a  post-ofBce  of  Mason  co.,  W.  Va. 

Grimsby,  grimz'be,  or  Great  Grimsby,  a  seaport 
town  of  England,  co.  of  Lincoln,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  estuary 
of  the  Humber,  at  a  railway  junction,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Hull. 
It  has  several  good  streets,  a  fine  cruciform  church,  a 
grammar-school  founded  in  1547,  a  harbor  with  extensive 
docks,  large  warehouses,  establisliments  for  ship-building 
and  bone-crushing,  and  manufactures  of  ropes.  The  im- 
ports of  timber,  fish,  and  wool  are  important.  It  sends  one 
member  to  the  House  of  Commons.     Pop.  (1891)  51,876. 

Grimsby,  grimz'be,  a  post-village  in  Lincoln  co.,  On- 
tario, on  Lake  Ontario,  and  on  the  Great  Western  Railway, 
17  miles  E.S.E.  of  Hamilton.  It  has  a  flouring-mill,  4 
Mw-mills,  an  iron-foundry,  several  stores,  hotels,  churches, 


and  cheese- factories,  and  a  largo  trade  in  fruit  and  country- 
produce.     Pop.  800. 

GrimscI,  grim's^l,  a  mountain  of  Switzerland,  in  the 
Bernese  Alps,  at  the  8.  extremity  of  the  llasli  Valley.  It 
is  crossed  by  a  pass  7126  foot  above  the  sea.  A  corps  of 
Austrians  was  here  dislodged  and  destroyed  by  the  French. 
A  thousand  feet  below  is  a  hospice,  and  a  tarn  which  never 
freezes. 

Grim's  Store,  Upshur  oo.,  W.  Va.     See  Qurkns. 

Grimstad,  grim'stid,  or  Gromstad,  grom'stid,  a 
seaport  of  Norway,  on  the  Skager-Rack,  28  miles  N.E.  of 
Christiansand.  It  has  a  savings-bank.  Large  vessels  are 
built  here.   The  town  is  engaged  in  foreign  trade.    Pop.  320. 

Grim'ville,  a  post-village  of  Berks  co.,  I^a.,  in  Green- 
wich township,  about  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Reading.  It  has 
a  tannery,  several  hotels  and  stores,  and  a  church. 

Grinaac,  a  town  of  Denmark.    See  Grgnaab. 

Grinagcr,  gre-n&'gh§r,  a  village  of  Norway,  33  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Christiania.     Pop.  3000. 

Grindelwald,  grin'd^UA&lt^  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  35  miles  S.E.  of  Bern,  atthofootof  theSchreck- 
horn,  3524  foot  above  the  sea.  Near  it  are  the  glaciers  of 
Upper  and  Lower  Grindelwald.     Pop.  3135. 

Grin'die  Creek,  of  Pitt  co.,  N.C,  flows  into  the  Tar 
River,  near  its  mouth. 

Grindstone  (grind'ston)  City,  a  post-village  of  Hu- 
ron CO.,  Mich.,  in  Port  Austin  township,  94  miles  N.  of  Port 
Huron.  It  has  a  church  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and 
grindstones.     It  is  on  Lake  Huron. 

Grindstone  Island,  in  Clayton  township,  Jefferson 
CO.,  N.Y.,  is  one  of  the  Tliousand  Islands  (so  called),  and 
lies  in  the  St.  Lawrence  River.     Pop.  330. 

Grindstone  Island,  an  island  near  the  head  of  the 
Bay  of  Fundy,  Albert  co.,  New  Brunswick.  On  it  is  a 
light-house.     Grindstones  are  manufactured  here. 

Grindstone  Island,  one  of  the  most  important  of  the 
Magdalen  group,  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  has  an  area 
of  13,700  acres.  At  its  W.  limit  is  the  village  of  Etang  du 
Nord.     Pop.  1052. 

Griiuo,  a  village  of  Austria.     See  Griono. 

Grin^nell',  a  post-village  of  Poweshiek  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Grinnell  township,  on  the  Central  Iowa  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  <fe  Pacific  Railroad,  at  the 
N.E.  terminus  of  the  Montezuma  Branch  Railroad,  55  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Des  Moines,  and  26  miles  S.S.E.  of  Marshall- 
town.  It  is  the  seat  of  Iowa  College  (Congregational), 
which  was  organized  in  1848  and  has  about  550  students 
of  both  sexe.-t  and  a  library  of  14,000  volumes.  Grinnell 
has  2  national  banks,  6  churches,  a  newspaper  ofiice,  and 
manufactures  of  gloves  and  leather  goods.  Pop.  in  1890, 
3332;  of  the  township,  4066. 

Grinnell,  a  station  in  Gove  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Eansaa 
Pacific  Railroad,  141  miles  W.  of  Ellsworth. 

Grinnell,  a  post-office  of  Grundy  co..  Mo. 

Grinnell,  a  station  in  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Flushing 
&  North  Shore  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Long  Island  City. 

Grinnell  Junction,  or  Montezu'ma  Junction, 
on  the  Central  Railroad  of  Iowa,  is  3  miles  S.  of  Grinnell, 
at  the  junction  of  the  Montezuma  Branch. 

Grinnell  Land,  in  the  Arctic  Ocean,  discovered  Sep- 
tember 22,  1850,  by  the  United  States  Grinnell  Expedition 
in  search  of  Sir  John  Franklin,  while  in  lat.  75°  24'  21" 
N.  A  large  mass  of  land  was  visible,  extending  from  N.W. 
to  N.E.,  with  mountains  in  the  distance  rising  above  the 
clouds.  This  land  was  visited  in  1854  by  the  United  States 
Expedition  under  Dr.  Kane,  and  its  shores  to  the  W.  and 
N.  charted  as  high  as  82°  30'  N.,  Ion.  76°  W.,  being  the 
nearest  land  to  the  pole  yet  discovered.  It  was  then  washed 
bj'  an  open  polar  sea  presenting  a  surface  of  3000  square 
miles,  entirely  free  from  ice,  and  abounding  in  animal  life. 
A  belt  of  solid  ice,  125  miles  wide,  separates  this  sea  from 
the  nearest  southern  land. 

Grinnell's  Island,  one  of  thcThousand  Islands  in  the 
St.  Lawrence,  in  Clayton  township,  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y. 

Grion,  gree'iN»',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Vaud,  2800  feet  above  the  sea,  27  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lau- 
sanne. In  the  vicinity  is  a  rock  bearing  a  resemblance  to 
the  human  form,  and  known  by  the  name  of  "  La  Pierre 
du  Sauvage." 

Gripeswold,  the  former  name  of  Qreipswald. 

Griqiialand  (gree'kwa-Iand)  East,  or  New  Gri- 
qnaland,  a  dependency  of  the  Colony  of  Cape  of  Good 
Hope,  South  Africa,  in  a  former  district  called  Nomansland, 
S.  of  Natal.  Estimated  area,  7594  square  miles.  It  is 
peopled  mainly  by  the  Griquas,  or  Bastaards,  a  people  of 
mixed  Dutch  and  Hottentot  descent.     Pop.  (1891)  152,618. 

Griqualand  West,  a  former  dependency  of  the  Colony 


GRI 


1325 


GRO 


of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  South  Africa,  but  now  incor- 
porated in  and  constituting  4  of  the  70  divisions  of  the 
colony.  This  territory  is  traversed  by  the  Vnal,  and  sep- 
arated from  Griqualand  East  by  the  Orange  Free  State  and 
Basuto  Land.  Its  S.  limit  is  the  Orange  River,  and  on  its 
N.W.  side  is  the  Kalahari  desert.  Here  are  some  of  the 
most  productive  diamond-mines  in  the  world.  Estimated 
area,  1(1,030  square  miles.  Pop.  (1891)  83,375.  Its  capital 
was  Griqua  Town,  or  Klaarwater  (now  the  chief  town  of  one 
of  its  divisions),  175  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Bloemfontein. 

Grisignana,  gre-scen-y&'n&,  a  town  of  Austria,  in 
Istria,  24  miles  S.  of  Triest.     Pop.  1388. 

Grisleham,  Grislehamn,  gris'l^h-h&m,  or  Griss- 
elhain,  griss-?I-h4m,  a  seaport  town  of  Sweden,  laan  and 
60  miles  N.  of  Stockholm,  on  the  Baltic. 

Grisolia)  gre-so'le-i,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Cosenza,  28  miles  N.N.W.  of  Paola.     Pop.  2748. 

Grisollera,  gre-soI-Ii'rS,,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Venice, 
near  San  Dona.    Pop.  2026. 

GrisoUes,  gree'zoll',  a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn-et-Qa- 
ronno,  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Castel-Sarrasin.     Pop.  1914. 

Grisons,  gree^zbtt^'  (Ger.  GrauhUndten,  grOw'biint-t?n  ,• 
Ital.(?r?■|7^onl■,  gree-jo'nee;  Roman8ch,(7/-t«A«)i,gree-shoon'), 
the  easternmost  and  in  area  the  largest  canton  of  Switzer- 
land. Area,  2975  square  miles.  It  comprises  the  Engadine, 
or  upper  valley  of  the  Inn,  with  the  sources  of  the  Rhine 
and  tributaries  of  the  Po  and  Adda,  being  little  more  than 
a  mass  of  mountains  and  narrow  valleys.  The  scenery  is 
magnificent ;  in  the  canton  there  are  240  glaciers.  Cattle 
form  the  principal  wealth  of  the  inhabitants.  The  chief 
mineral  riches  are  iron,  load,  and  zinc,  but  few  mines  are 
wrought.  This  canton  formerly  comprised  26  petty  repub- 
lics, united  into  3  high  jurisdictions,  but  in  1848  they  were 
oonsolidatod.  Capital,  Chur.  Pop.  in  1890,  94,810,  of 
whom  over  three-fifths  are  Protestants.  One-third  of  the 
people  speak  German,  and  the  rest  mostly  employ  Romansch 
dialects. 

Grisseh,  gris's^h,  Griss6,gris'si,  Gressic,  grfis'sik, 
Gresik,  grSs'ik,  Grissee,  gris'see,  or  Gressie,  grfis'- 
«ee  (native,  Gdrsik),  a  town  on  the  island  of  Java,  province 
of  Soerabaya,  on  the  Strait  of  Madura.  It  is  populous,  in- 
habited chiefly  by  Javanese  and  Chinese,  and  has  ship- 
building yards,  salt-works,  and  valuable  fish-ponds.  Gris- 
seh  is  one  of  the  oldest  towns  in  Java :  here  Mohammedan- 
ism first  took  root  in  the  island,  and  in  its  vicinity  are  nu- 
merous graves  much  revered  by  the  Islamites. 

Grisselham,  Sweden.    See  Grisleham. 

Gris'som,  a  post-office  of  Granville  co.,  N.C. 

Gris'som's  Land'ing,  a  post-village  of  Daviess  co., 
Ky,,  on  the  Ohio  River,  30  miles  above  Evansville,  Ind.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  distillery. 

Grist's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Columbus  co.,  N.C, 
on  the  Wilmington,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  54  miles 
W.  of  Wilmington. 

Griswold,  griz'wpld,  a  post-township  of  New  London 
CO.,  Conn.,  is  liounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Quinebaug  River. 
Pop.  3113.  It  contains  several  villages,  which  have  manu- 
factures of  cotton  and  paper. 

Griswold,  or  Pachaug,  pntch-og',  a  hamlet  of  New 
London  co..  Conn.,  in  Griswold  township,  3  miles  S.E.  of 
Jewett  City.     It  has  a  church  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Griswold,  a  hamlet  of  Hamilton  co..  111.,  about  40 
miles  E.  of  Duquoin.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Griswold,  a  station  on  the  Evansville  <fc  Terre  Haute 
Railroad,  17  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Vincennes,  Ind. 

Griswold,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  Iowa,  about  13 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Atlantic.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  752. 

Griswold,  a  post-office  of  Kent  co.,  Mich. 

Griswold,  a  station  on  the  Buffalo  division  of  the  Erie 
Railroad,  28  miles  E.  of  Bufi"aIo. 

Griswold's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
N.Y.,  5  miles  W.  of  Fort  Ann.     Pop.  about  300. 

Griswold's  Upper  Mill,  or  VVil'lis  Place,  a  vil- 
lage of  Colerain  township,  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  North 
River.  It  has  a  cotton-mill  and  a  saw-mill,  and  is  1  mile 
N.  of  Griswoldville. 

Griswoldville,  griz'wgld-vll,  a  post-village  of  Jones 
CO.,  Ga.,  on  the  Central  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Macon. 
It  has  a  grist-mill.  Here  a  sharp  action  occurred  between 
the  Confederate  and  Union  forces,  November  22,  1864. 

Griswoldville,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Mass., 
In  Colerain  township,  on  the  North  River,  4  miles  N.  of 
Bhclburne  Falls.  It  has  a  church  and  a  cotton-mill.  See 
Griswold's  Upper  Mill. 

Grivegnee,  greeVfin'yi',  a  village  of  Belgium,  a  suburb 
of  Liege,  on  the  Ourthe,  with  iron-worka.    Pop.  6234. 


Grixota,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Grijota. 

Grizon,  gre-zon'  (Fr.  pron,  gree^zAu"'),  one  of  the 
Grenadines,  West  Indies,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Grenada.  Lat. 
12°  20'  N.;  Ion.  61°  37'  W. 

Grizz'iy  Flat,  a  post-village  of  El  Dorado  co.,  Cal., 
about  60  miles  E.  of  Sacramento.  It  has  gold-mines  and  a 
lumber-mill. 

Grizzly  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  of  the  Sawatoh 
Range,  is  about  7  miles  W.  of  La  Plata  Mountain.  Ita 
altitude  is  computed  to  be  13,962  feet  above  sea-level. 

Grjasowez,  Russia.    See  Griazovetz. 

Groaix  or  Groais,  island,  France.    See  Groix. 

Groat's  Island,  an  island  on  the  N.  side  of  Bona- 
vista  Bay,  Newfoundland,  near  Green's  Pond. 

Gro'by,  or  Groo'by,  a  village  of  England,  co.  and  4 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Leicester.     Pop.  515. 

Grobzig,  griib'ziG,  a  town  of  Germany,  duchy  of  An- 
halt,  19  miles  S.W.  of  Dessau.     Pop.  2447. 

Grochow,  gro-Kov',  a  village  of  Russian  Poland,  3 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Warsaw.  It  was  the  scene  of  a  combat 
between  the  Poles  and  Russians,  February  19  and  21, 1831. 

Grodc,  gro'd^h,  an  islet  of  Prussia,  off  the  W.  coast' of 
Sleswick,  10  miles  AV.  of  Bredstedt. 

Grodek,  gro'dfik,  or  Grudek,  groo'dfik,  a  town  of 
Austrian  Galicia,  16  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Lemberg.     Pop.  812. 

Grodek,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Grudek. 

Groden,  gro'den,  or  Gardena,  gaR-di'nS,,  a  remark- 
able valley  of  the  Tyrol,  about  18  miles  S.E,  of  Brixen. 

Grodno,  grod'no,  a  town  of  Russia,  capital  of  a  govern- 
ment of  the  same  name,  90  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Vilna. 
Pop.  31,060.  It  has  a  fine  castle,  9  Roman  Catholic  and  2 
Greek  churches,  a  synagogue,  gymnasium,  school  of  medi- 
cine, public  library,  several  scientific  collections,  botanic 
garden,  and  manufactures  of  woollens. 

Grodno,  a  government  of  Russia,  mostly  between  lat. 
52°  and  54°  N.  and  Ion.  24°  and  26°  E.  Area,  14,961 
square  miles.  Surface  generally  level.  The  principal  rivers 
are  the  Niemen,  Bug,  Narow,  and  Pripets.  Much  rye,  flax, 
hops,  and  hemp  are  grown,  and  the  forests  are  extensive. 
Mineral  products  comprise  iron,  chalk,  nitre,  and  building- 
stone.  The  agricultural  produce  is  sent  to  the  Baltic  ports, 
both  by  land  and  by  the  Niemen  Canal.  Grodno  is  subdi- 
vided into  8  circles.  Principal  towns,  Grodno,  the  capital, 
Brest-Litovsk,  Slonim,  and  Volkovisk.  The  people  of 
the  N.  are  mostly  Lithuanians,  and  elsewhere  Ruthenians. 
The  country  was  once  a  part  of  Poland.     Pop.  1,008,521. 

Grodzisco,  a  town  of  Prussia,     See  Gratz. 

Groede,  groo'd^h,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  10 
miles  S.S.W,  of  Middelburg,     Pop.  2559, 

Groenendijk,  groon'fn-dik\  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  Zealand,  15  miles  S,E,  of  Goes. 

Groenland,  the  Danish  name  of  Greenland. 

Groenlo,  groonUo',  sometimes  written  Grol,  grol,  or 
Grolle,  grol'l^h  (L.  Gro'lia),  a  town  of  the  NcthcrlandBj 
in  Gelderiand,  19  miles  E.S.E.  of  Zutphen.     Pop.  2469. 

Groesbeck,  gross'bSk,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co., 
C,  in  Colerain  township,  about  10  miles  N.  of  Cincinnati. 
It  has  a  church. 

Groesbeck,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Limestone  co., 
Tex.,  on  the  Houston  &  Texas  Central  Railroad,  95  miles  S. 
of  Dallas,  and  71  miles  N.  of  Bryan,  It  has  5  churches,  a 
court-house,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  a  brick- 
factory,  an<l  a  Soda-water  factory.     Pop.  663. 

Groesbeek,  groos^bik',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Gelderiand,  9  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Nymwegen.  Pop.  of 
commune,  3657, 

Groff's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  2 
miles  from  Bird  in  Hand.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill, 

Grohnde,  gron'd^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  on 
the  Weser,  7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hameln,  It  contains  a  castle, 
and  has  a  custom-house  and  a  building-dock.     Pop,  890. 

Groisy,  grwA^zee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute-Savoie, 
1  miles  from  Annecy.     Pop.  1533. 

Groitzsch,  groitch,  a  town  of  Saxony,  1  mile  S.E.  of 
Pegau,  with  large  manufactures  of  shoes.     Pop.  3681. 

Groix,  grwi,  Groaix,  gro-ix',  or  Groais,  gro-i',  a 
small  island  off  the  W.  coast  of  France,  department  of 
Morbihan,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Port  Louis,     Pop.  4462. 

Grol,  or  Grolle,  Netherlands,     See  Groenlo, 

Grole,  a  fishing  settlement,  Newfoundland,  on  the  E, 
side  of  Hermitage  Bay,  16  miles  from  Harbor  Briton.    P.  120. 

Gromitz,  gro'mits,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Holstein,  on 
the  Gulf  of  Lubeok,  38  miles  S.E.  of  Kiel.     Pop.  1070. 

Gromo,  gro'mo,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  provinc* 
and  20  miles  N.E.  of  Bergamo.     Pop.  779. 

Gromstadi  a  town  of  Norway.    See  Grimstad.  • 


ORO 


1326 


QUO 


Gronnu,  gro'nSw,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  9 
milos  S.W.  of  Hildesheiui,  on  the  Leine.     Pop.  1927. 

iironaUf  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  3U  miles 
N.W.  of  MUnster,  on  tho  Dinkcl.     Pop.  1233. 

OrondineSt  grAnMecn'  (Fr.  pron.  gr6M<>^deen').a  post- 
village  in  Portneuf  oo.,  Quobeo,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  St. 
Lawrence,  43  miles  above  Quebec.  It  has  2  light-houses, 
and  contains  6  stores  and  a  grist-mill.  A  steamboat  from 
Quebec  calls  twice  a  week.     Pop.  400. 

Grondsveld,  Netherlands.     Sec  Gronsvkld. 

Groiie,  gron,  a  river  of  France,  joins  the  Sadno  27 
miles  N.  of  Silicon,  after  a  N.E.  course  of  about  42  miles. 

Grone^  gro'nfh,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  on  a 
■mall  stream  of  the  same  name,  at  its  confluence  with  the 
Leine,  near  Oottingen.     Pop.  1301. 

GrOnenbach,  gron'^n-b&K^  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in 
Swabia,  40  miles  S.W.  of  Augsburg.     Pop.  1712. 

Gron'gar  Hill,  of  Wales,  on  tho  Towy,  oo.  and  about 
11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Carmarthen. 

.  Groningen,  gron'ing-^n  (Dutch  pron.  Hro'ning-H^n  ; 
Pr.  Oroningne,  gro^n&N»';  L.  GroHin'ga),o.  fortified  town  of 
the  Netherlands,  capital  of  a  province  of  tho  same  name,  at 
a  railway  junction,  92  miles  N.E.  of  Amsterdam.  The  prin- 
cipal buildings  are  the  town  house  and  tho  church  of  St. 
Martin.  It  has  a  university,  founded  in  1614,  extensive 
warehouses,  a  museum  of  natural  history,  a  public  library 
and  botanic  garden,  a  gymnasium,  school  for  deaf,  dumb, 
and  blind,  an  academy  of  the  fine  arts,  and  several  learned 
societies.  Its  port  is  accessible  for  large  vessels  by  canal ; 
it  has  ship-building  yards,  paper-mills,  and  an  extensive 
trade  in  cattle,  butter,  rape-seed,  and  grain.  It  communi- 
cates by  canals  with  Lceuwarden,  Winschoten,  and  Dolfzyl, 
and  is  a  place  of  great  wealth.     Pop.  (1886)  51,359. 

Groningcn,  the  northernmost  province  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, is  flat,  low,  and  partly  exposed  to  the  inundations 
of  the  sea.  It  is  rich  in  p;isturage,  but  marshy  in  tho  S.E. 
The  climate  is  humid  and  unhealthy.  Area,  908  square 
iniles.  It  is  divided  into  the  districts  of  Appingedam,  Gron- 
ingen,  and  Winschoten.  Capital,  Groningcn.  Pop.  in  1875, 
238,662;  in  1885,  268,198. 

Groningen,  gron'ing-§n,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
23  miles  S.W.  of  Magdeburg.     Pop.  695. 

Groningen,  or  Jttarktgroningen,  mankt-gron'ing- 
?n,  a  town  of  Wiirtembcrg,  9  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Stuttgart. 
Pop.  2480. 

Groningcn,  gron'ing-^n,  a  hamlot  of  Ottawa  co., 
Mich.,  1^  miles  from  Zeeland  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a 
saw-mill  and  a  bricli-yard. 

Gronland,  the  Danish  name  of  Greexlaxd. 

Gr5nsund,  gron'soond,  a  channel  of  Denmark,  about 
<i  miles  in  length,  separating  the  islands  of  Falster  and 
Moen,  and  giving  a  communication  between  the  Baltic  and 
the  Great  Belt. 

Gronsveld,  grons'fSlt^  or  Grondsvcid,  gronds'ffilt^ 
a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Limburg,  3  miles  S.E.  of 
Maestricht.     Pop.  1778. 

Grooby,  a  village  of  England.    See  Grobv. 

Groom's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saratoga  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Clifton  Park  township,  10  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Albany. 

Grooms'port,  a  fishing  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Down, 
A  miles  N.W.  of  Donaghadee. 

Grooms'ville,  a  post-office  of  Tipton  co.,  Ind. 

Grootebroeck,  gro't^h-brook^  a  village  of  tho  Neth- 
erlands, North  Holland,  3  miles  W.  of  Enkhuysen.    P.  1927. 

Groote  Eylandt,gro't§h  i'lint(i.c.,  "great  island"), 
tho  largest  island  in  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  in  North  Aus- 
tralia, off'  ite  W.  coast.  Lat.  14°  S.;  Ion.  136°  40'  E. 
Greatest  length  and  breadth,  about  40  miles  each. 

Grootegast,  gro't§h-gist\  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, province  and  12  miles  W.  of  Groningen.     Pop.  700. 

Groote  (gro't^h)  River,  several  rivers  of  Cape  Colony, 
In  South  Africa,  one  of  which  joins  tho  Great  Doom,  after 
a  W.N.W.  course  of  84  miles. 

Grootzundert,  grot'zunMiut,  a  village  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, in  North  Brabant,  on  the  Murk,  9  miles  S.W.  of 
Breda.     Pop.  of  commune,  4071. 

Groo'verville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brooks  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Atlantic  k  Gulf  Railroad,  at  Dixie's  Station,  19  miles  E. 
of  Thomasville.  It  has  a  church  and  manufactures  of  lum- 
ber and  turpentine. 

Gropello,  gro-pSl'lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Pavia.     Pop.  2633. 

Grosio,  gro'se-o,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  province 
and  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sondrio,  on  the  Adda.     Pop.  2477. 

Gros'mont,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  10  miles  N.W. 
of  Monmouth.     Pop.  742. 

GrosottO)  a  village  of  Italy.    See  Grossotto. 


GroHB,  groce,  a  German  word  signifying  "  great,"  prefixeij 
to  many  names,  as  Gross  Gi.ooau,  <fcc. 

Grossalnicrode,  groce-irmph-ro'd^h,  a  town  of 
Prussia,  llesse-Nossau,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cac«el.     P.  2162. 

Gross  Andrn,  a  village  of  Hungary,    .'^ee  Endukd. 

Gross  Asperu,  a  village  of  Austria.     See  Aspkiin. 

Gross  Aupa,  grooe  uw'p&,  a  mining  town  of  Bohemia, 
circle  of  Kiiniggriitz.     Pop.  2600. 

Gross  Bartlof,  groco  bant'lftf,  a  village  of  Prussia,  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Hciligetistadt.     Pop.  1108. 

Gross  Bccskcrek,  Hungary.    See  Nagy  Bkcskeiikk. 

Gross  Ilccrcn,  grocc  bi'r^n,  a  village  of  Prussia,  11 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Potsdam,  the  scene  of  a  victory  gained  by 
the  Prussians  over  the  French  on  the  22d  and  23d  of  August, 
181.S.     Pop.  615. 

Gross  llicberan,groce  bce'bQh-r&n\  a  town  of  Ucsse, 
province  of  Starkenburg.     Pop.  1565. 

Gross  llitCsch,groce  be-tesh',a  fortified  town  of  Mo- 
ravia, 31  miles  N.  of  Znaym.     Pop.  2200. 

Gross  Illittersdorf,  groco  blit'tfrs-douf^  (Fr.  Groi. 
Bliedcrttroff,  gro-bleeMius'trofif '),  a  village  of  Germany,  in 
Lorraine.     Pop.  1865. 

Gross  Breitenbach,  Germany.    See  Breitenbach. 

Grossbottwar,  groce-bott'*ait,  a  town  of  Wiirtem- 
bcrg, 5  miles  from  Marbach.     Pop.  2235. 

Gross  Britannicn.    See  Great  Britaiit. 

Gross  Dietweil,  Switzerland.    See  Ditwyl. 

Gross  Eislingen,  WUrtemberg.    See  Eislingeu, 

Grosse  Isle,  gross  eel,  a  post-oflico  of  Wayne  cu., 
Mich.,  on  an  island  of  the  same  name  in  the  Detroit  River, 
and  on  the  Canada  Southern  Railroad,  18  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Detroit.  Tho  island  contains  3  churches,  a  summer  hotel, 
a  union  school,  vineyards,  a  custom-house,  <fec.     Pop.  700. 

Grosse  Isle,  gross  eel,  an  island  in  tho  St.  Lawrence, 
29  miles  below  Quebec,  and  opposite  the  village  of  St. 
Thomas.     It  is  used  as  a  quarantine  station. 

Grosselfingen,  gr6s's§l-fing'?n,  a  town  of  Germany, 

3  miles  W.  of  Hechingen.     Pop.  800. 
Grossenhain,  gr6s's?n-hIno\  a  town  of  Saxony,  at  a 

railway  junction,  19  miles  N.N.W.  of  Dresden,  on  the  Roder. 
It  has  dye-works,  print-works,  cloth-factories,  cotton-mills, 
Ac.     Pop.  10,438. 

Grossenlinden,  gr&s's§n-linM§n,  a  town  of  Hesse,  4 
miles  S.  of  Giessen.    Pop.  1269. 

Grossenliider,  gr6s'85n-lUM9r,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Hesse-Nassau,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Fulda,  on  the  Liider. 

Grosscnstein,  grAs's^n-stlne^,  a  village  of  Saxe-Al- 
tcnburg,  2i  miles  N.  of  llonneburg.     Pop.  940. 

Gross  Enzcrsdorf,  Austria.    See  E.vzERsnoRF. 

Grosse  (groce)  Point,  a  post-township  of  Wayne  co., 
Mich.,  about  6  miles  N.E.  of  Detroit,  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  Lake  St.  Clair.  It  contains  a  scattered  village  of  the  same 
name.     Pop.  2193. 

Grosser  Ocean,  a  German  name  for  the  Pacific, 

Grossetete  Bayou,  groceHAt'  bi'oo,  of  Louisiana, 
commences  in  Point  Coup6e  parish,  and  flows  S.E.  to 
Plaquemine  Bayou. 

Grosseto,  gros-si'to,  or  Grosset'to,  a  fortified  town 
of  Italy,  capital  of  the  province  of  Grosseto,  at  a  railway 
junction,  40  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Siena.  It  is  a  bishop's  see, 
and  has  a  fine  cathedral  and  large  salt-works.     Pop.  4151. 

Grosseto,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  bounded 
westward  by  the  Mediterranean.  Area,  1686  square  miles. 
It  includes  a  large  part  of  the  Maremma,  and  is  in  part  very 
barren  and  unhealthy.     Capital,  Grosseto.     Pop.  107,457. 

Gross  Gerau,  groce  gi'row,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Hesse,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Darmstadt.     Pop.  2638. 

Gross  Glockner,  groce  glok'n^r,  a  pyramidal-shaped 
mountain  in  the  Noric  Alps,  on  the  borders  of  Salzburg,  the 
Tyrol,  and  Carinthia,  has  2  peaks,  the  highest  of  which  is 
13,100  feet  in  elevation.  Its  summit  afibrds  one  of  the 
grandest  views  in  Central  Europe. 

Gross  Glogan,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Glogait. 

Gross  Kreutz,  groce  kroits,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in 
Brandenburg,  10  miles  W.  of  Potsdam,  on  a  railway. 

Gross'man's  Land'ing,  a  post-ofiice  of  AVest  Baton 
Rouge  parish,  La. 

Gross  Marosch,  Hungary.    See  Naxjy  Marcs. 

Gross  Meseritsch,  groce  mi'z§r-itch,  a  town  of  Mo- 
ravia, 19  miles  E.  of  Iglau,  on  the  Oslawa.    Pop.  4961. 

Gross  Michel,  the  German  for  Nagy  Mihaly. 

Grossotto,  gros-sot'to,  or  Grosotto,  gro-sot'to,  a 
village  of  Italy,  on  the  Adda,  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sondrio. 
Pop.  1998. 

Gr08sr5hrsdorf,  groce-roRs'doRf,  a  town  of  Saxony, 

4  miles  S.  of  Pulsnitz.  Pop.  4462.  It  has  manufactures 
of  linen  cloths  and  tape. 


GRO 


1327 


GRO 


Gross  Salze^  groce  silt'si,  a  town  of  Prussia,  at  a  rail- 
way junction,  10  miles  S.B.  of  Magdeburg,  and  adjacent  to 
Bchonebeck.     Pop.  2932. 

Gross  Schutzen,  Hungary.    See  Naot  Levard. 

Gross  Steffelsdorf,  Hungary.    See  Rima  Seombath. 

Grosswardein,  groce-waK'dlne  (Ilun.  Nacjy  Varad, 
nodj  vi'rod),  a  city  of  Hungary,  capital  of  the  county  of 
Bihar,  on  the  Koros,  137  miles  E.S.E.  of  Buda.  It  con- 
sists of  a  fortress  and  8  suburbs.  Chief  edifices,  3  cathe- 
drals and  a  bishop's  palace.  It  has  a  royal  academy,  a 
gymnasium,  a  national  and  a  Greek  school.  In  its  vicinity 
are  several  hot  mineral  springs.  It  is  the  see  of  2  Catholic 
bishops, — one  of  the  Latin  and  one  of  the  Roumanian  rite,— 
also  of  a  Greek  bishop.     Pop.  28,698. 

Grosvenor,  gro've-n9r,  a  post-office  and  station  of 
Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  in  Palmyra  township,  on  the  Canada 
Southern  Railroad,  59  miles  W.S.W.  of  Detroit,  and  also 
on  the  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Adrian. 
It  is  sometimes  called  Blissfield  Junction. 

Grosvenor  Dale,  a  post-village  of  Windham  co., 
Conn.,  in  Thompson  township,  on  the  French  River,  and 
on  the  Norwich  &  Worcester  Railroad,  39  miles  N.  of  Nor- 
wich.    It  has  a  chapel  and  2  cotton-mills. 

Gros  Ventre  (gro  vent'r)  Creek  rises  near  Fremont 
Peak,  in  the  W.  part  of  Wyoming,  runs  nearly  westward, 
and  enters  the  Snake  River  about  13  miles  S.  of  Mount 
Hayden.     It  is  about  100  miles  long. 

Groton,  graw'ton,  a  post-township  of  New  London  co.. 
Conn.,  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  Long  Island  Sound,  and  on 
the  W.  by  the  river  Thames,  which  separates  it  from  the 
city  of  New  London.  It  contains  villages  named  Qroton, 
Noank,  West  Mystic,  and  Poquonock  Bridge,  and  has  3 
churches,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  and  a  graded  school.  Here  is 
Fort  Griswold,  on  the  site  of  an  old  fort  of  the  same  name, 
the  garrison  of  which  was  massivcred  by  the  tory  troops 
under  Benedict  Arnold  in  the  war  of  the  Revolution. 
Groton  is  on  the  Providence  division  of  the  New  York, 
New  Haven  <fc  Hartford  Railroad.     Pop.  6539|. 

Groton,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  in  Qro- 
ton township,  31  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Worcester.  It 
contains  4  churches,  a  public  library,  the  Lawrence  Acad- 
emy, which  has  an  endowment  of  $80,000,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  manufactures  of  paper.    Pop.  of  township,  2057. 

Groton,  a  post-township  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  about 
45  miles  N.N.W.  of  Concord.  It  contains  North  Groton, 
and  has  2  churches,  a  common  school,  and  several  saw- 
mills.    Pop.  in  1890,  46-t. 

Groton,  a  post-village  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Gro- 
ton township,  on  the  Southern  Central  Railroad,  27  miles 
S.  by  E.  of  Auburn,  and  about  13  miles  N.E.  of  Ithaca. 
It  has  4  churches,  an  academy,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  na- 
tional bank,  a  union  school,  and  manufactures  of  carriages, 
type-writing-machines,  iron  bridges,  and  laundry-hard- 
ware.    Pop.  1280;  of  the  township,  3572. 

Groton,  a  post-village  of  Brown  co.,  S.D.,  19  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Aberdeen.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  2  news- 
paper offices,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  684. 

Groton,  a  post-village  of  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  on  Wells 
River,  28  miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  2 
churches,  the  Groton  Institute,  and  manufactures  of  lumber, 
bobbins,  <te. 

Groton  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Groton  township, 
Erie  co.,  0.,  about  20  miles  E.  of  Fremont. 

Groton  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tompkins  co,  N.Y.,  5 
miles  N.E.  of  Groton  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Groton  Pond,  a  post-office  of  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  on  the 
Montpelier  <fc  Wells  River  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Groton. 

Grottaglie,  grot-til'yi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Lecce,  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Taranto.     Pop.  8747. 

Grottamare,  grot-ti-m4'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the 
Marches,  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Fermo,  on  the  Adriatic.  Pop. 
3797.     It  has  manufactures  of  sugar  and  liquorice-extract. 

Grottaminarda,  grot'til-mee-naR'di,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Avellino,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ariano.    Pop.  4769. 

Grottau,  grot'tow,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  circle  of  Bunz- 
lau.    Pop.  2202.    It  has  manufactures  of  cottons  and  linens. 

Grotte,  grot'ti,  a  village  of  Sicily,  11  miles  N.E.  of 
Qirgenti,  on  the  side  of  a  rocky  hill.     Pop.  7306. 

Grotte  di  Castro,  grot'tA  dee  kis'tro,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Rome,  circle  of  Viterbo.     Pop.  3375. 

Grotteria,  grot-ti-ree'l,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
of  Catanzaro,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Gerace.    Pop.  5223. 

Grottkau,  grott'kow,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  on 
the  railway  from  Neisse  to  Brieg,  25  miles  W.  of  Oppeln. 
Pop.  4329.     It  has  manufactures  of  linen,  tobacco,  <fec. 

Grottole,  grot'to-li,  a  village  of  Italy,  on  the  ]3asiento, 
31  miles  E.S.E  of  Potenza.     Pop.  2555. 


Grotzin^^en,  grot'sing-^n,  a  town  of  Germany,  ii 
Baden,  4  miles  E.  of  Carlsruhe,  on  the  Pfinz.  Pop.  235ft. 
It  has  a  metal-button-factory. 

Grotzingen,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  10  miles  S.  of 
Stuttgart.     Pop.  933. 

Grotzka,  a  town  of  Servia.    See  KnorzKA. 

Grouse,  grSwss,  a  post-office  of  Kane  co..  111. 

Grouse  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Box  Elder  co.,  Utah. 

Grout,  a  post-township  of  Gladwin  co.,  Mich.     P.  119. 

Grout's  Corner,  Mass.    See  Miller's  Falls. 

GrouAV,  grSwv,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Fries- 
land,  on  the  Grouw,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Sneek.     Pop.  2031. 

Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Elbert  co.,  Ga.,  30  miles  E.N.E- 
of  Athens.     It  has  a  church. 

Grove,  a  township  of  Jasper  co.,  III.    Pop.  1094. 

Grove,  a  township  of  Adair  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  273. 

Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Audubon  co.,  Iowa,  about  It 
miles  N.E.  of  Atlantic. 

Grove,  a  township  of  Davis  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Missouri 
line.     Pop.  1101. 

Grove,  a  township  of  Humboldt  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  327. 

Grove,  a  township  of  Pottawattamie  co.,  Iowa.     P.  507. 

(irove,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  653. 

Grove,  a  township  of  Stearns  co.,  Minn.  Pop.  591. 
It  contains  Meier's  Grove. 

Grove,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.  Pop,  1414. 
It  contains  Swain. 

Grove,  a  post-office  of  Chatham  co.,  N.C. 

Grove,  a  township  of  Harnett  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1093. 

Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Geauga  co.,  0.,  in  Troy  town- 
ship, 5  miles  N.  of  Garrettsville.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
cheese-factory. 

Grove,  a  township  of  Cameron  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  440, 
Grove  Station  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad  is  « 
miles  S.E.  of  Driftwood. 

Grove  Centre,  a  hamlet  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  4 
miles  S.  of  Nunda  Station. 

Grove  City,  a  post-village  of  Christian  co..  111.,  about 
20  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank, 
and  a  public  school. 

Grove  City,  a  post-village  of  Meeker  co.,  Minn.,  8 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Litchfield.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,- 
and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  349. 

Grove  City,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  0.,  6  or  8 
miles  S.W.  of  Columbus.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  272. 

Grove  City,  a  post-borough  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  9  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Mercer.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  col- 
lege, a  newspaper  office,  <fec.     Pop.  1 100. 

Grove  Dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Maries  co..  Mo.,  1ft 
miles  N.  of  St.  James  Station. 

Grove  Hill,  a  post-villuge,  capital  of  Clarke  co.,  Ala., 
84  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Mobile,  and  18  miles  N.E.  of  Jackson. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  225. 

Grove  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bremer  co.,  Iowa,  about 
20  miles  E.  of  AVaverly. 

Grove  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Page  co.,  Va.,  about  38 
miles  N.  of  Charlottesville.     It  has  a  church. 

Grove  Lake,  a  post-township  of  Pope  co.,  Minn.  Pop. 
336.     It  contains  a  lake  of  the  same  name. 

Grove'land,  a  post-village  of  Tuolumne  co.,  Cal.,  6(Jl 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Modesto.  It  has  2  churches,  a  quarts- 
mill,  and  a  gold-mine.     Pop.  about  500. 

Groveland,  a  township  of  La  Salle  co.,  IIL  Pop.  1561. 
It  contains  New  Rutland. 

Groveland,  a  post-village  of  Tazewell  oo.,  111.,  in 
Groveland  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Pekin  &  Southwestern 
Railroad,  7  or  8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Peoria,  and  8  miles  E.  oi 
Pekin.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  150;  of  the  township,  1323. 
The  Illinois  River  touches  the  N.W.  part  of  the  township. 

Groveland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.,  about 
30  miles  W.  of  Indianapolis.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  07. 

Groveland,  a  post-office  of  Adair  co.,  Iowa. 

Groveland,  a  post-office  of  McPherson  co.,  Kansas. 

Groveland,  township,  McPherson  co,,  Kansas.    P.  321, 

Groveland,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
S.  bank  of  the  Merrimac  River,  in  Groveland  township, 
and  on  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad  (Newburyport  di- 
vision), 34  miles  N.  of  Boston,  and  3  miles  E.  of  Haver- 
hill. It  has  an  academy,  2  churches,  common  schools,  and 
a  newspaper  office.  The  township  contains  another  village 
called  South  Groveland.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2191. 

Groveland,  a  post-township  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich., 
about  18  miles  N.W.  of  Pontiac.     Pop.  1095. 

Groveland,  a  post-township  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y., 
about  32  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Rochester.  Concsus  Lake 
touches  its  northeastern  part.  The  township  containi  • 
hamlet  named  Hunt's  Corners.     Pop.  1373. 


GRO 


1328 


GRU 


Groveland  Park,  •  lUtion  in  St.  CUir  co.,  III.,  on 
the  Illinoi!)  &  St.  Louii  Railroad,  9  miles  S.B.  of  St.  Louii. 

Grove  Level,  a  post-offio«  of  Uanka  oo.,  Oa. 

Gro'venor's  Corners,  a  po8t-hamlet  of  Schoharie 
00.,  N.Y.,  in  Carlisle  township,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Central 
Bridge.     It  has  a  cburob  and  a  wagon-faotorj. 

Grove  Oak,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  oo.,  Ala. 

Groveport,  grOv'port,  a  post-villago  of  Franklin  co., 
0.,  on  the  Ohio  Canal,  and  on  the  llockin.it  Valley  Ilailruad, 
12  miles  S.B.  of  Columbus.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded 
•ebool,  and  a  manufactory  of  bricks  and  tiles.     Pop.  627. 

Gro'ver,  a  post-office  of  Ottawa  co.,  Kansas. 

Grovcr,  a  namlet  of  Johnson  co..  Mo.,  9  miles  from 
Knobnoster.  It  has  several  churches  near  it,  and  a  grist- 
mill. Pop.  of  Qrover  township,  1233. 
^  Grovcr,  a  post-village  of  Bradford  oo..  Pa.,  in  Canton 
township,  on  the  Northern  Central  llailrood,  36  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  Williamsport.  It  has  a  church,  a  large  tannery, 
and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  about  150. 

Grover  Bank,  a  station  in  Crawford  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Salem  &  Little  Rook  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of 
dteelville. 

Grover's,  a  station  in  Douglas  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Lawrence  &  Western  Railroad,  3  miles  S.AV.  of 
Lawrence. 

Gro'vertown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Starke  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad,  11  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Plymouth.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  71. 

Grove  Run,  Maryland.    See  Qrave  Run  Mills. 

Groves,  grovz,  or  Fair'view,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fa- 
yette CO.,  Ind.,  in  Fairview  township,  25  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Richmond.     It  has  an  academy,  a  carriage-shop,  Ac. 

Grove  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Wright  co..  Mo. 

Grove  Spring,  a  steamboat-landing  in  Yates  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  Keuka  Lake,  16  miles  S.  of  Pcnn 
Tan,  and  6  miles  N.  of  Ilammondsport. 

Grove  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C, 
on  the  Greenville  &  Columbia  Railroad,  8^  miles  S.  of 
Greenville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  college. 

Grove'ton,  a  post-village  of  Coos  co.,  N.II.,  on  the 
Ammonoosuc  River,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  at 
the  junction  of  the  Boston,  Concord  &  Montreal  Railroad, 
145  miles  N.N.W.  of  Concord.  It  has  a  church,  a  tannery, 
2  saw-mills,  and  a  graded  school.  Grovoton  Station  on  the 
Grand  Trunk  Railroad  is  1  mile  E.  of  Groveton  Junction. 

Groveton,  a  hamlet  of  Prince  William  co.,  Va.,  3^ 
miles  E.  of  Gainesville. 

Grove'town,  a  post-office  of  Columbia  oo.,  Ga.,  on  the 
3eorgia  Railroad. 

Grove'ville,  a  village  of  Mercer  co.,  N.J.,  in  Hamilton 
township,  I  of  a  mile  from  Yardville  Railroad  Station.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  cotton-factory.     Pop.  about  300. 

Grove'wood,  a  post-office  of  Richland  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
Wilmington,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  14  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Columbia. 

Grow,  a  township  of  Anoka  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  376. 

Growe,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Grouw. 

Groyne,  an  old  English  name  for  Corunna. 

Grub,  groob,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Appenzell.     Pop.  937. 

Grub,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  St.  Gall,  nearly 
adjoining  the  above.     Pop.  1635. 

Grubb,  a  post-office  of  Boone  co.,  Ky. 

Grubbcnvorst,  griib'b?n-voRstS  a  village  of  Dutch 
Limburg,  on  tne  Mouse,  4  miles  N.  of  Venloo.     Pop.  1458. 

Grubb'town,  a  post-office  of  Grundy  co..  Mo. 

Grubb'ville,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co..  Mo. 

Grube,  groo'b^h,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Holstein,  near 
the  Baltic  Sea,  37  miles  E.  of  Kiel.     Pop.  620. 

Grubenhagen,  groo'b^n-hi'gh^n,  an  old  principality 
of  Germany,  now  comprised  in  the  landdrostci  of  Hildes- 
heim,  forming  the  S.E.  portion  of  Hanover,  in  Prussia. 

Grubeschow,  or  Grnbieschow,  groo'bees-Kof 
written  also  HrubeschOAV,  or  Hrubieszow,  hroo'-' 
bees-kSiT,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  government  and  60 
miles  S.E.  of  Lublin.     Pop.  7563. 

Grudek,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Grodek. 

Grudek,  groo'dfik,  or  Grodek,  a  town  of  Russia,  in 
Podolia,  34  miles  N.N.W.  of  Kamieniec.     Pop.  2800. 

Grudziadz,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Graudenz. 

Gmetii,  gru'§t-le,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grundy  co.,  Tenn., 
8  miles  S.E.  of  Altamont.     Here  is  a  Swiss  colony. 

Gru'gan,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Pa.,  traversed  by 
the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna.  Pop.  295.  It  con- 
tains Glen  Union,  Whetham,  Ac. 

Grngliasco,  grool-y&s'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  5  miles  W. 
•f  Turin.     Pop.  2950. 


Gruissan,  grU^ces's&No'.a  seaport  village  of  Franco,  ia 
Aude,  7  miles  S. S.E.  of  Narbonne.     Pop.  2382. 

Grulich,  gruo'liK,  the  moftt  eastern  town  of  Bohemia, 
42  miles  K.iS.H.  of  Konig>;riilz.     Pup.  2853. 

Grumbcrg, grddm'bduu,  a  village  of  Moravia,  37  miloi 
N.W.  of  Olmutx. 

Grumello,  groo-mdl'lo,  or  Grnmello  del  Monte, 
groo-m6l'lo  d61  mon'tA,  a  town  of  North  Italy,  9  miles  N.W. 
of  Cremona.     Pop.  2653. 

Grumello,  a  village  of  North  Italy,  11  miles  S.E.  of 
Bergamo.     Pop.  1676. 

Grumo,  groo'mo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  13  miles 
3.W.  of  Bari.     Pop.  8132. 

Grumo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  6  miles  N.  of 
Nanles.     Pop.  4612. 

GrUna,  grii'ni,  a  town  of  Germany,  kingdom  of  Saxony, 
2  miles  N.  of  Lossnitz.  It  has  important  manufactures  of 
cotton  and  silk  hosiery,  flour,  Ac.     Pop.  3208. 

G  run  an,  groo'nSw,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia,  25 
miles  S.W.  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  1960. 

Grunbach,  groon'b^K,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg,  5 
miles  N.W.  of  Schorndorf.     Pop.  1139. 

Griinbcrg,  griin'biKG,  a  town  of  Hesse,  in  Ober-Hcsscn, 
14  miles  E.  of  Giessen.     Pop.  2185. 

Griinberg,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  20  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Crossen.  Pop.  12,200.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has 
a  Protestant  and  Catholic  churches,  manufactures  of  woollen 
cloth  and  yarn,  printed  cottons,  leather,  wine,  flour,  and 
straw  hats,  and  extensive  cultivation  of  vines. 

Grund,  grd6nt,  a  mining  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover, 
5  miles  N.W.  of  Clausthal,  in  the  Harz.     Pop.  1560. 

Grun'dy,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an 
area  of  432  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Illinois 
River,  to  form  which  the  Dos  Plaines  and  Kankakee  Rivers 
unite  in  the  N.E.  part.  The  surface  is  nearly  level ;  the  soil 
is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  cattle,  and  bay  are  the  staple 
products.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago  A  Alton  Rail- 
road, the  Chjcago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Railroad,  the 
Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  and 
other  railroads.  Capital,  Morris.  Pop.  in  1870,  14,938; 
in  1880,  16,732;  in  1890,  21,024. 

Grundy,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  lown,  has 
an  area  of  about  504  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Black 
Hawk  Creek  and  other  small  affluents  of  Cedar  River.  The 
surface  is  undulating ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian 
corn,  oats,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products.  A  large  por- 
tion of  this  county  is  prairie.  It  has  mines  of  bituminous 
coal.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  A 
Northern  Railroad,  and  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul  A  Kansas  City 
Railroad.  Capital,  Grundy  Centre.  Pop.  in  1870,  6399  ; 
in  1880,  12,639;  in  1890,  13,215. 

Grundy,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an 
area  of  460  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Crooked 
Fork  of  Grand  River,  and  also  drained  by  Weldon  River 
and  Indian  and  Medicine  Creeks.  The  surface  is  diversified 
with  prairies  and  forests;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
oats,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Railroad  and  the  Quincy, 
Omiiha  A  Kansas  City  Railway.  Capital,  Trenton.  Pop. 
in  1870,  10,567;  in  1880,  15,185;  in  1890,  17,876. 

Grundy,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of 
about  410  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Elk  and  Rock 
Rivers.  The  surface  is  elevated,  and  is  part  of  the  western 
slope  of  the  Cumberland  Mountain.  The  soil  produces 
some  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  grass.  Mines  of  coal  have 
been  opened  in  it.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Nashville,  Chat- 
tanooga A  St.  Louis  Railroad.  Capital,  Altamont.  Pop. 
in  1870,  3250;  in  1880,  4592;  in  1890,  6345. 

Grundy,  a  post-office  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ky.,  5  miles 
(direct)  E.  of  Somerset. 

Grundy,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Bnohanan  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Louisa  Fork  of  Sandy  River,  about  45  miles  N.  by 
W.  of  Abingdon.     It  has  a  church. 

Grundy  Centre,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Grundy  co., 
Iowa,  on  Black  Hawk  Creek.  46  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of 
Vinton,  and  28  miles  S.E.  of  Iowa  Falls.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  graded  school,  Ac.     Pop.  1161. 

Griinhain,  griin'hine,  a  town  of  Saxony,  8  miles  W. 
of  Annaborg.     Pop.  1656. 

Griinhainichen,  griin^hi'niK-?n,  a  village  of  Saxony, 
on  the  Floha.     Pop.  1799. 

Griiningen,  griin'ing-§n,  a  village  of  Germany,  in 
Hesse,  6  miles  S.  of  Giessen.     Pop.  709. 

Griiningen,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  12 
miles  S.E.  of  Zurich.     Pop,  1463. 

Grttnsfeld,  grUns'fdIt,  a  village  of  Baden,  15  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Wertheim.     Pop.  1300. 


GRU 


1329 


GUA 


Griinstadt,  griin'stitt,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Bavaria,  25 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Landau.     Pop.  3531. 

Griinwald,  griin'^ild,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  circle  of 
Bunzlau.     It  haa  glass-works  and  cotton-mills.     Pop.  2536. 

Grusbach,  grSos'bS,K,  or  Hrusowany,  h'roo'so-vfl,^- 
nee,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Moravia,  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Zaaim. 
Pop.  1250. 

Grusia^  a  territory  of  Russia.  See  Gkorgia. 
'  Griitli,  griit'lce,  a  patch  of  meadow-land  in  Switzer- 
land, canton  of  Uri,  on  the  W.  shore  of  the  Lake  of  Lu- 
cerne, 7  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Altorf,  traditionally  believed  to 
bo  the  place  where  Stauffaoher,  Arnold  of  Melchthal,  and 
Walter  Fiirst  met  in  1307  and  planned  the  insurrection 
against  Austria  which  resulted  in  Swiss  independence. 

Griitii,  Tennessee.  See  Gruetli. 
I  Gruyfere,  or  Gruy^res,  grii^yain'  (Ger.  Greyerg,  grV- 
?rs),  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  15  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Freyburg.  Pop.  1097.  It  has  a  remarkable  castle,  said  to 
have  been  founded  in  the  fifth  century.  In  its  vicinity  the 
famous  Gruyere  cheese  is  made. 

Grybow,  gree'bov,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Galicia,  12 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Alt-Sandec.     Pop.  1140. 

Grypskerk,  Netherlands.    See  Grupskeuk. 

Grzegorzevv,  gzhi-goR'z5v,  a  town  of  Poland,  govern- 
ment of  Warsaw,  4  miles  E.  of  Kolo.     Pop.  500. 

Grzymalow,  gzhe-rai'Iov,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia, 
22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Tarnopol.     Pop.  3887. 

Gshatsk,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Gzhatsk. 

Gsteig,  g'stig,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Bern, 
bailiwick  ol  Interlachen.     Pop.  815. 

Guabiare,  Colombia,  South  America.    See  Guaviare. 

Guacalera,  gwi-ki-li'ri,  a  small  town  of  the  Argen- 
tine Republic,  province  and  95  miles  N.N.W.  of  Salta,  near 
the  right  bank  of  the  Jujuy. 

Guacara,  gw3,-ki'r3.,  atownof  Venezuela,  state  of  Cara- 
bobo,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Valencia.     Pop.  9365. 

Guachinango,  gwi-che-nin'go,  a  town  of  Mexico, 
state  of  Puebla,  103  miles  N.E.  of  Mexico.  In  its  vicinity 
excellent  vanilla  is  raised. 

Guachipe,  gwi-chee'p4,  or  Guachipas,  gwi-chee'- 
pi?,  a  considerable  river  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  prov- 
ince of  Salta,  formed  by  several  rivers  rising  in  the  Andes. 
It  flows  E.N.E.  for  190  miles,  and  about  33  miles  S.  of 
Salta  takes  the  name  Salado. 

Guacuba,  gwi-koo'b4,  or  Leon,  li-on',  a  river  of  the 
republic  of  Colombia,  after  a  N.W.  course  of  about  150 
miles,  falls  into  Choco  Bay  in,  the  Gulf  of  Darien. 

Guad  (from  the  Arab.  Wady,  a  "  river"),  a  prefix  of 
the  names  of  many  Spanish  rivers  and  towns,  as  Guadiana, 

QUADALETE,  Ac. 

Guadalajara,  or  Guadalaxara,  gwi-di-li-ni'ra, 
(anc.  Arriaca  f),  a  city  of  Spain,  capital  of  a  province,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Henares,  34  miles  E.N.E.  of  Madrid. 
Pop.  7902.  It  is  enclosed  by  old  walls,  and  has  a  magnifi- 
cent palace  of  the  Mendoza  family,  a  Franciscan  church, 
and  some  Moorish  edifices. 

Guadalajara,  a  province  of  Spain,  in  the  N.E.  part 
of  New  Castile,  traversed  by  the  Tagus.  Area,  4869  square 
jailes.     Capital,  Guadalajara.     Pop.  208,638. 

Guadalajara,  a  state  of  Mexico.    See  Jalisco. 

Guadalajara,  or  Guadalaxara,  gwl-da-li-Hi'rl,  a 
city  of  Mexico,  capital  of  the  state  of  Jalisco,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Rio  de  Santiago,  27*>miles  W.N.W.  of  Mexico, 
and  about  140  miles  from  the  Pacific.  Lat.  21°  9'  N. ;  Ion. 
103°  2'  15"  W.  It  is  a  large  and  handsome  city,  the  streets 
spacious,  and  the  houses  excellent.  There  are  14  squares, 
12  fountains,  and  a  number  of  convents  and  churches.  In 
the  Plaza  Mayor  is  the  cathedral,  a  magnificent  structure, 
although  its  appearance  was  much  impaired  by  the  great 
earthquake  of  1818.  It  is  finished  externally  in  blue  and 
i  gold.  On  the  right  side  of  the  same  square  is  the  govern- 
ment house,  in  a  noble  and  severe  style  and  with  a  fine 
facade :  the  arcades  which  line  the  two  sides  of  the  square 
are  very  handsome,  and  are  filled  with  elegant  and  well- 
Btocked  shops.  The  town  has  a  bull-ring,  an  opera-house, 
a  hospital,  a  foundling  house,  a  home  for  the  poor,  and  a 
college  for  girls.  The  Alameda,  or  public  walk,  is  beautifully 
laid  out  with  trees  and  flowers,  with  a  fountain  in  the  cen- 
tre, and  a  stream  of  water  all  round.  Various  trades  are 
carried  on  here  with  success,  particularly  those  of  black- 
smithing,  carpentering,  and  silversmithing;  groat  skill  is 
displayed  in  leather-working.  There  are  also  manufactures 
of  shawls,  sweetmeats,  calico,  paper,  and  a  particular  de- 
scription of  earthenware,  a  mint,  and  some  cotton-  and 
woollen-mills.  Guadalajara  was  founded  in  1551,  and  is  an 
archbishop's  see.     Pop.  80,000. 

Guadalaviar,  gwi-Da,-14-ve-aB',  or  Blanco,  blin'ko 


(anc.  Tu'ria),  a  river  of  Spain,  rises  in  the  Sierra  Albar- 
racin,  and,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  130  miles,  enters  th« 
Mediterranean  3  miles  E.  of  Valencia. 

Guadalcanal,  gwi-nil-ki-niir,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  48  miles  N.N.W.  of  Seville.  It  has  celebrated 
silver-mines.     Pop.  4996. 

Guadalcazar,  gw&-dil-kil-saR',  a  town  of  Mexico, 
state  of  San  Luis  Potosi,  and  55  miles  N.E.  of  the  town  of 
San  Luis  Potosi,     It  has  quicksilver-mines.     Pop.  7600. 

Guadalete,  gwi-D4-14't4,  a  river  of  Spain,  in  An- 
dalusia, after  a  S.W.  course  of  75  miles,  enters  the  Bay  of 
Cadiz  by  two  branches. 

Guadalhorce,  gwd-nil-oR'thi,  a  river  of  Spain,  in 
Andalusia,  rises  in  the  frontiers  of  Granada,  and  falls  into 
the  Mediterranean  6  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Malaga. 

Guadalimar,  gwi-ni-le-maR',  a  river  of  Spain,  rises 
near  Villa  Verde,  and  joins  the  Guadalquivir  14  miles  N. 
of  Jaen,  after  a  S.W.  course  of  70  miles. 

Guadalmez,  gwi-nil-m^th',  a  river  of  Spain,  joina 
the  Zuja  at  Ciudad  Real.     Length,  50  miles. 

Guadaloupe,  gw&-dS,-loo'pi,  a  post-village  of  Santa 
Barbara  co.,  Cal.,  3  miles  from  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  about 
20  miles  S.  of  San  Luis  Obispo.  It  has  a  church,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  a  brewery.     Pop.  about  400. 

Guadalquivir,  gawMal-kwiv'^r  (Sp,  pron.  gwl-D41- 
ke-vecR';  Arab.  Wad-al-Kebir,  wid-il-ke-beeB',  "  the  great 
river ;"  anc.  Bte'tis),  an  important  river  of  Spain,  rises  in 
the  Sierra  Cazorla,  flows  generally  W.S.W.,  and  enters  the 
Atlantic  18  miles  N.  of  Cadiz.  Length,  280  miles.  Twelve 
miles  below  Seville  it  separates  into  three  branches,  form- 
ing the  islands  of  Isla  Mayor  and  Isla  Mcnor.  Chief 
atltuents  on  the  right,  the  Guadalimar  and  the  Jandula ; 
on  the  left,  the  Guadiana  Menor,  Guadajoz,  and  Genii.  It 
is  navigable  for  large  vessels  to  Cordova, 

Guadal  upe ,  gwi-ni-loo'pA.,  a  mountain-range  of  Spain, 
New  Castile,  commences  with  the  termination  of  the  Sierra 
de  Montanche,  and  stretches  in  an  easterly  direction  to  the 
source  of  the  Guadarranque,  where  it  is  succeeded  by  the 
mountains  of  Toledo.  Its  culminating  point  has  a  height 
of  5254  feet. 

Guadalupe,  written  also  Guadal  ope,  a  river  of 
Spain,  in  Aragon,  joins  the  Ebro  14  miles  S,W.  of  Mequi- 
nenza,  after  a  N.E.  course  of  70  miles. 

Guadalupe,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  province 
and  95  miles  S.W.  of  Toledo,  on  the  S.  slope  of  Mount  Al- 
tamira.  It  has  a  fine  church  belonging  to  the  famous 
monastery  of  San  Geronimo. 

Guadalupe,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  56  miles  E. 
of  Caceres,  near  the  Sierra  Guadalupe.  Pop.  2600.  It  is 
a  wretched  place,  grouped  around  a  famous  monastery,  for- 
merly the  "  Loretto  of  Central  Spain,"  which,  although 
despoiled  by  the  French,  still  contains  rich  works  of  art. 

Guadalupe  (commonly  pronounced  gaw-da-loop' ;  Sp, 
pron.  gwi-Di-loo'pi),  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of 
Texas,  has  an  area  of  about  750  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Guadalupe  River,  and  is  bounded  on  the  N.E, 
by  the  San  Marcos  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Cibolo. 
The  surface  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Cattle,  cotton,  Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Southern  Pacific 
Railroad,  which  passes  through  Seguin,  the  capital  of  the 
county.  Pop.  in  1870,  7282;  in  1S80,  12,202;  in  1890, 
15,217. 

Guadalupe,  a  village  of  Conejos  co.,  Col.,  30  miles 
from  Alamosa  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Guadalupe,  a  post-settlement  of  Kendall  oo.,  Tex.,  on 
the  Guadalupe  River,  70  miles  S.W.  of  Austin. 

Guadalupe,  a  station  in  Victoria  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Gulf,  Western  Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad,  33  miles  N.W.  of 
Indianola. 

Guadalupe,  gw&-di-loo'pi,  an  island  of  the  Pacifio 
Ocean,  ofi"  the  coast  of  Lower  California.  Lat.  29°  N. ;  Ion. 
118°  22'  W.     Length,  15  miles. 

Guadalupe,  a  small  river  of  California,  falling  into 
the  S.  extremity  of  San  Francisco  Bay. 

Guadalupe,  or  Guadalupe  Hidalgo,  gw&-di- 
loo'pi  he-dil'go,  often  called  gaw-da-loop'  he-dil'go,  a  small 
town,  3J  miles  N.  of  the  city  of  Mexico.  It  contains  a  col- 
legiate church,  much  resorted  to  in  pilgrimage.  Here  a 
treaty  of  peace  was  concluded,  Feb.  2,  1848,  between  Mex- 
ico and  the  United  States.  By  it  the  territories  of  Upper 
California  and  New  Mexico  were  ceded  to  the  United  States. 

Guadalupe  Mine,  a  mining  village  of  Santa  Clara 
CO.,  Cal.,  in  Almaden  township,  9  miles  from  San  Jos6.  It 
has  a  mine  of  quicksilver  (cinnabar)  which  yields  nearly 
1000  flasks  of  metal  per  month.     Pop.  about  500. 

Guadalupe  Mountains,  a  group  or  range  of  high* 


QUA 


1330 


GUA 


UnJ*  in  New  Mexloo  and  Toza«,  between  the  river  Poooe 
&nJ  the  Kio  Grande.  Thejr  are  oontinuoua  northward,  under 
viirioua  lo«U  name*,  with  the  eastern  ohains  of  the  Hooky 
Mountain*. 

GaadAllipe  RlTOrf  Texas,  drains  part  of  Kerr  oo., 
and  runs  toatnoastward  through  the  co8.  of  Cuinal,  Uuada- 
lupe,  Oonialee,  Jto.  It  enters  the  San  Antonio  Kiver  about 
0  niiles  from  its  mouth.     It  is  nearly  3U0  miloe  long. 

Guadalupe  j  CalvO(  gw&-di-loo'p4  e  k&l'ro,  a  town 
of  Moxieo,  state  and  173  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chihuahua,  in  a 
mountninuu8  district.  It  derives  its  importance  from  the 
«ilvor-mino8  in  it)  vicinity.     Pop.  6000. 

Guadarramat  gw&-i>aR-nVm&,  a  river  of  Spain,  joins 
the  Tiigus  12  miles  bolow  Toledo.     Length,  70  miles. 

Guadarranque,  gw&-DaR-R&n'k4,  a  river  of  Spain, 
joins  the  Uuodiana  after  a  course  of  about  45  miles. 

Guadasuar,  gw&-D&-gwaR',  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  IS  miles  S.S.W.  of  Valencia.     Pon.  1340. 

Guadeloupe)  gawMi^-loop'  or  g&M^h-Ioop'  (Sp.  Gua- 
dalupe, gwi-Di-loo'pi),  an  island  of  the  West  Indies,  Lee- 
ward group,  one  ot  the  principal  French  colonies  in  the 
Atlantic,  lies  between  lat.  15°  47'  and  16°  30'  N.,  Ion.  61°  15' 
and  61°  45'  W.  It  is  composed  of  two  distinct  islands,  sep- 
arated by  an  arm  of  the  sea  called  Rividrc  Sal6e  (salt  river). 
The  W.  and  larger  portion  is  Guadeloupe  proper,  divided 
into  Basae-Terre  and  La  Capestorre,  and  is  27  miles  long 
by  about  15  miles  broad.  The  E.  portion,  called  Grande- 
Terre,  is  nearly  30  miles  long  by  10  to  12  miles  brond.  Gua- 
deloupe proper  is  of  volcanic  formation,  and  is  traversed  N. 
to  S.  by  a  ridge  of  hills;  the  culminating  points  are  La 
SoufFrifire,  an  active  volcano,  5108  feet  high,  La  Grosse 
Montagne,  Les  Deux  Mamelles,  and  Le  Pitan-de-6ouillante, 
extinct  volcanoes.  Grando-Terre,  on  the  other  hand,  is  gen- 
erally flat,  composed  of  madrepores  and  marine  detritus. 
Guadeloupe  is  watered  by  small  streams  becoming  dry  in 
summer.  The  principal  are  the  Goyaves,  Lamcntin,  and 
Lezarde.  The  climate  is  hot  and  unhealthy.  Hurricanes 
are  frequent  and  destructive.  The  soil  is  fertile  and  well 
cultivated,  covered  with  fine  forests  in  the  mountainous, 
untilled  parts,  and  with  mangroves  and  manchincol  trees  on 
the  marsny  coast  of  Basse-Terro.  The  chief  articles  of  ex- 
port, sent  almost  all  to  France,  are  sugar,  coffee,  dye-  and 
cabinet-woods,  rum,  tafia,  cotton,  wool,  annatto,  hides, 
sweetmeats  and  preserves,  copper,  tobacco,  &c.  Imports, 
cotton  manufactures,  hides,  wheat-meal,  salted  butter,  cod- 
fish, olive  oil,  wax  candles,  pottery,  glass-wares,  salted 
meat,  medicines,  Ac.  The  principal  anchorages  of  Guade- 
loupe are  the  Bay  of  Mahault  and  the  roads  of  Basso- 
Terre.  Grande-Terre  possesses  two  anchorages,  Moule  and 
Pointe-i-Pltro :  the  latter,  at  the  S.  entrance  to  the  Riviere 
Sal^e,  is  esteemed  one  of  the  best  in  the  Antilles,  and  on  it 
is  situated  the  important  town  of  Pointe-i-Pitre.  Area,  616 
square  miles.  Capital,  Basse-Terre.  Pop.  about  125,000. 
Guadeloupe  was  first  discovered  by  Columbus  in  1493,  and 
wat>  thus  named  by  him  in  honor  of  Sainte  Marie  de  la 
Guadeloupe.  It  was  taken  possession  of  by  the  French  in 
1635,  who  kept  it  till  1769,  when  it  was  taken  by  the  English. 
It  was  subsequently  captured  and  recaptured  several  times 
by  these  nations,  and  was  finally  ceded  to  the  French  at 
the  general  peace  in  1814. 

Guadeloupe,  a  colony  of  the  French  West  Indies,  in- 
cludes the  islands  of  Guadeloupe,  Grande-Terre,  St.  Bar- 
tholomew, Marie  Galante,  Les  Saintes,  DIsirade,  and  a  part 
of  St.  Martin.  Area,  716  square  miles.  Capital,  Basse- 
Terre.     Pop.  in  1883,  160,241. 

Guadiana,  Mexico.    See  DnnANoo. 

Gnadiana,  gwft-de-i'ni  or  gwd-De-i'nl  (anc.  A'nat), 
an  important  river  of  Spain  and  Portugal,  flowing  between 
the  Tagus  and  Guadalquivir.  It  rises  in  La  Manoha,  15 
miles  N.E.  of  Villahermosa,  flows  at  first  W.  (and  for  some 
distance  under  ground)  through  North  Castile  and  Spanish 
Estremaduro,  then  S.  through  the  Portuguese  province 
Alemtejo  and  between  Algarve  and  Andalusia,  and  enters  the 
Mediterranean  13  miles  E.  of  Tavira,  after  a  course  of  380 
miles.  Chief  afiluents  on  the  right,  the  Giguela  and  Gua- 
darranquo;  on  the  left,  the  Jabalon,  Sujar,  Ardilla,  and 
Chanza.  Guadiasa  is  derived  from  the  Arabic  Wadi/  and 
Ana,  a  corruption  of  Anas,  the  ancient  name  of  this  river. 

Guadiana  Menor,  gwi-oe-i'ni  mi-nOn',  a  river  of 
Spain,  in  Andalusia,  joins  the  Guadalquivir  4  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Ubeda,  after  a  tortuous  course  of  30  miles, 

Guadiaro,  gwi-ne-il'ro,  a  river  of  Spain,  enters  the 
Mediterranean  1 1  miles  N.E.  of  Gibraltar,  after  a  generally 
8.  course  of  40  miles. 

Guadiato,  gwi-oe-i'to,  a  river  of  Spain,  joins  the  Gua- 
dalquivir 17  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cordova,  after  a  very  tortuous 
eoorse  of  about  70  miles. 


Guadiela.gwJl-no-d'l&,  a  riverof  Spain,  joins  the Tagui 
45  utiles  E.  of  Madrid,     Total  course,  65  miles. 

Guadix,  gwA-neun'  (Arab,  Wadi-A»h,  w&Mee-&f«h, 
"river  of  life"),  a  city  of  Spain,  province  and  42  mile* 
E,N,E.  of  Granada,  on  the  Guodix.  It  is  enclosed  by  old 
walls  and  mulberry-plantations.  It  containf  a  cnthe<lral 
and  a  Moorish  castle,  and  is  a  bi8ho|)'8  see.     Pop.  ID,  154, 

Guuduas,  gw&'ow&!i,  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Colom- 
bia, in  Cundinamarca,  near  the  Mngdalcna,  45  miles  N.W. 
of  Bogota,  and  8700  feet  above  the  sea.     Pop.  4000, 

Guai'o,  gw&'fo,  or  Iluafu,  nw&'fo,  an  island  in  the 
Paoitie,  off  the  coa.H  of  Chili,  20  miles  S.W,  of  Chiloe. 

Guahall,  gwa'hall,  one  of  the  Scilly  Islands,  off  Corn- 
wall, England, 

Gualian,  gw^-h&n',  San  Juan,  s&n  noo-&n',  or 
Guam,  gw&m,  the  southernmost  and  largest  of  the  La- 
drone  Islands,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  Lat.  13°  27'  N. ;  Ion. 
145°  E,  It  is  about  100  miles  in  circuit,  and  is  surrounded 
by  coral  reefs.     Capital,  AgaHa.     It  belongs  to  Spain. 

Guaiancco,  gwi-i-ni'ko,  an  island  group  on  the  W. 
coast  of  Patagonia,  lat.  47°  41'  S.,  Ion,  74°  65'  W.,  com- 

?osed  of  two  principal  islands — the  westernmost  called  Byron 
sland,  and  the  easternmost  AVager  Island,  separated  from 
each  other  by  Bundle's  Passage — and  of  many  smaller  islets. 

Guaicuhi,  o  river  of  Brazil.     See  Vklhas, 

Guainia,  gwi'ne-4,  a  river  of  South  America,  in  Vene- 
zuela, joins  the  Cassiquiare  to  form  the  Rio  Negro. 

Guaiteca,  a  gulf  of  Patagonia.     See  Guavtkoas, 

Gu(\jaba,  or  Guaxaba,  gw&-H&'b&,  a  small  island  off 
the  N,  coast  of  Cuba.     Lat.  21°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  77°  28'  W. 

Gualala,  gwi-li'li,  a  post-village  of  Mendocino  oo,, 
Cal.,  is  near  the  Pacific  Ocean,  40  miles  W.  of  Cloverdale,  It 
has  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  236. 

Gualan,  gwi-ldn',  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Guate- 
mala, near  the  Montagua,  and  80  miles  E.N.K,  of  the  city 
of  Guatemala,     Pop.  2000. 

Gualatciri,  gwi-li-td-e-ree',  a  mountain-peak  of  the 
Andes,  near  the  boundary-line  of  Peru  and  Bolivia.  Lat. 
20°  13'  S.  ;  Ion.  69°  17'  W,     Height,  21,960  feet, 

Gualchos,  gwirehoce,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of 
Granada,  12  miles  E.  of  Motril.     Pop.  2528. 

Gualdo,  gwil'do,  a  small  town  of  Italy,  province  and  23 
miles  N.E.  of  Perugia.     Pop.  3159. 

Gualdo  Tadino,  gwAl'do  t4-dee'no,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Perugia,  22  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Foligno.    P.  7799, 

Gualeguachu,  gwiM4-gw4-choo',  a  town  of  the  Ar- 
gentine Republic,  on  the  navigable  Rio  Gualegunchrt,  9 
miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Uruguay,  and  50  miles  E,  by 
N.  of  Gualeguay.     It  has  a  large  trade.     Pop.  9776. 

Gualcguay,  or  Gualeyguay,  gwi-l^-gwi',  a  town 
of  the  Argentine  Republic,  in  Entre  Rios,  9  miles  by  rail 
W.of  Porto  Ruiz,  a  hamlet  on  the  navigable  Rio  Gualeguay. 
It  has  an  active  trade.     Pop,  7235, 

Gualilias,  gw8,-leol'y5.s,  a  mountain-pass  in  the  Peru- 
vian Andes,  South  America,  25  miles  N,E.  from  Tacna,  in 
lat.  17°  60'  S.     Height,  14,760  feet. 

Gualior,  a  state  of  India.     See  Gwalior. 

Gualtieri,  gw4l-te-i'ree,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Reggio 
neir  Emilia,  10  miles  N.  of  Reggio,  on  the  Po.     Pop.  6684. 

Guam,  an  island  in  the  Pacific  Ocean.     See  Guahak. 

Guama,  gwil'mi,  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the  S.E. 
part  of  the  province  of  Pard,  and  falls  into  the  Bay  of  Gua- 
jara  near  the  town  of  BeHtoi  or  Pard, 

Guamachuco,  a  town  of  Peru.     See  HuAMAcnnco, 

Guamanga,  a  town  of  Peru,    See  Avacucho, 

Guamo,  gwi'mo,  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Colombia, 
state  of  Tolima.     Pop.  9193. 

Guamoco,  gwi-mo'ko,  a  decayed  town  of  South  Amer- 
ica, republic  of  Colombia,  70  miles  N.E.  of  Antioquia. 

Guamote,  gw4-mo'tA,  a  village  of  Ecuador,  near  Gua- 
yaquil,  on  an  island  formed  by  two  rivers,  and  surrounded 
by  lofty  mountains. 

Guana,  gwi'ni,  several  islands  of  the  West  Indies,  the 
principal  being  off  the  N.  coast  of  Abaco,  Bahamas,  It  is 
17  miles  in  length  by  2^  miles  in  breadth. 

Guanabacoa,  gw4-ni-b4-ko'i,  a  town  and  sea-bathing 
place  of  Cuba,  5  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Havana.     Pop.  16,402, 

Guanacache,  gw3,-nA-kil'ch4,  a  lagoon  of  the  Argen- 
tine Republic,  lat.  31°  40'  S.,  Ion.  68°  30'  W.,  between  the 
provinces  of  Mendoza  and  San  Juan.  It  forms  a  series  of 
lakes  and  marshes,  studded  with  many  islands,  and  receiving 
the  Desaguadero  and  other  rivers. 

Guanacas,  or  Paramo  de  Guanacas,  pi'ri-mo 
di  gwi-ni'kis,  a  mountain-knot  of  the  republic  of  Colom- 
bia, South  America,  in  the  Andes,  where  they  separate  into 
three  lateral  eordilleras,  nt  the  sources  of  the  Magdalena 
and  Cauca  Rivers.     Lat,  2°  N.j  Ion.  76°  W. 


GUA 


1331 


GUA 


Guaiiahaiii)  one  of  the  Bahamas.    See  Cat  Island. 

GuaiialiaU)  a  river  of  Brazil.     See  Anava. 

Guanaja,  an  island  in  the  Caribbean  Sea.    See  Boxacca. 

Guanajay,  gwi-ni-ni',  a  town  of  Cuba,  45  miles  by 
rail  W.S.W.  of  Havana.     Pop.  39S9. 

Guan^uato,  or  Giianaxuato,  gw&-n3,-Hw&'to,  a 
state  of  Mexico,  between  lat.  20°  30'  and  21°  44'  N.,  Ion. 
99°  59'  and  101°  47'  W.,  bounded  N.  by  the  states  of  San 
Luis  Potosi  and  Zacatecas,  AV.  by  Jalisco,  S.  by  Michoacan, 
and  E.  by  Queretaro.  Area,  11,410  square  miles.  It  is 
mountainous,  and  traversed  from  S.E.  to  N.W.  by  the  Cor- 
dillera of  Anahuac,  whose  culminating  point  is  9711  feet 
high.  The  only  important  river  is  the  Rio  Grande.  The 
mines  of  this  state  are  the  richest  in  the  world,  yielding 
gold,  silver,  lead,  tin,  iron,  antimony,  sulphur,  cobalt,  ochre, 
salts,  crystals,  marble,  (fee,  the  yield  of  silver  being  of 
especial  importance.  The  precious  metals  and  spices  form 
the  chief  exports  of  the  state.  Capital,  Guanajuato.  Pop. 
in  1882,  968,113. 

GuaniUuato,  or  Guanaxuato,  a  city  of  Mexico, 
capital  of  the  above,  in  lat.  21°  N.,  Ion.  101°  W.,  160  miles 
N.W.  of  Mexico,  singularly  situated  in  deep,  narrow  moun- 
tain-defiles, 6017  feet  above  the  sea.  It  is  formed  of  a 
number  of  villages  placed  round  the  mines,  and,  being  built 
on  extremely  uneven  ground,  the  streets  are  very  steep,  and 
so  tortuous  that  no  idea  can  be  formed  of  the  extent  of  the 
townbutby  ascending  the  heights  by  which  it  is  overlooked. 
The  houses,  however,  are  in  general  well  built,  of  hewn 
stone,  and  are  extremely  handsome,  particularly  those  be- 
longing to  the  proprietors  of  the  neighboring  mines.  The 
town  contains  several  elegant  churches,  numerous  chapels, 
and  other  religious  edifices.  The  Alhondiga,  a  large  public 
granary,  is  a  remarkable  edifice.  Guanajuato  owes  its  ex- 
istence and  importance  to  the  gold-  and  silver-mines  in  its 
vicinity,  the  richest  in  Mexico.  It  has  a  large  mint.  There 
are  in  the  town  some  manufactories  of  soap,  woollen  cloth, 
linen,  powder,  and  tobacco,  also  some  tanneries.  Guana- 
juato was  founded  by  the  Spaniards  in  1545,  constituted  a 
town  in  1619,  and  invested  with  the  privileges  of  a  city  in 
1751.     Pop.  63,000. 

Guanaparo,  gw4-n3,-pS.'ro,  a  river  of  Venezuela,  after 
an  E.  course  of  about  230  miles,  joins  the  Portuguesa  30 
miles  N.W.  of  San  Fernando  de  Apure. 

Guaiiape  (gwS,n-yi'pA)  Islands,  a  group  of  islets  off 
the  coast  of  Peru,  lat.  8°  27'  S.,  about  50  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Trujillo.     They  have  afforded  much  guano. 

Guanare,  gwS,-n3,'R4,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  capital  of 
Portuguesa,  50  miles  S.E.  of  Trujillo.     Pop.  4674. 

Guanarito,  gw3,-ni-ree'to  or  wi-ni-ree'to,  a  river  of 
Venezuela,  rises  in  the  Sierra  Rosas,  flows  S.  and  then  E., 
and  joins  the  Portuguesa  154  miles  S.W.  of  Caracas. 

Guanarito,  a  small  town  of  Venezuela,  on  the  Guanare 
Kiver,  40  miles  E.  of  Guanare. 

Guanaxuato,  Mexico.     See  Qoanajuato. 

Guancabamba,  gwin-ki-bim'bi,  or  Huanca- 
bamba,  win-ki-bim'bi,  a  large  village  of  Ecuador,  de- 
partment of  Asuay.  Lat.  5°  10'  S.;  Ion.  79°  30'  W.  Ele- 
vation, 6560  feet. 

Guancabelica,  a  town  of  Peru.     See  IInAxcAVET>icA. 

Guandacoi,  gwin-di-kol',  a  valley  of  the  Argentine 
Republic,  province  of  La  Rioja,  between  the  Andes  and  the 
Pamatina  Mountains,  in  Int.  29°  S.,  Ion.  69°  W.  It  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Vermejo,  and  is  highly  productive  of  grain. 

Guandacoi,  a  village  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  in 
the  centre  of  the  valley  of  the  same  name. 

Guanero,  gw3,-n4'ro,  a  river  of  Venezuela,  joins  the 
Apure  after  a  S.E.  course  of  about  100  miles. 

Guano,  gwi'no,  a  town  of  Ecuador,  on  a  small  river  of 
the  same  name,  80  miles  N.E.  of  Guayaquil. 

Guano  Islands,  numerous  small  islands  on  the  coast 
of  South  America,  Africa,  Ac,  remarkable  for  their  deposits 
of  guano.  The  most  important  are  the  Seal  (or  Lobos) 
Islands,  the  Chincha  Islands,  and  Iquique,  all  in  Peru. 

Guanta,  a  town  of  Peru.    See  Huanta. 

Guantajaya,  gwin-ti-Hi'i,  a  rich  mining  district  of 
Southern  Peru,  in  the  department  of  Tarapaca. 

Guantanamo,  gwin-ti-ni'mo,  a  town  of  Cuba,  15 
miles  by  railway  from  its  port  (Caimanera),  which  is  on 
Cumberland  harbor,  or  the  Bay  of  Guantanamo.  The  town 
has  a  newspaper  and  a  church,  and  is  surrounded  by  sugar- 
and  coffee-estates.     See  Cumberland  IIahbob. 

Guanuco,  a  town  of  Peru.    See  Huanuco. 

Guanzate,  gwin-zi'ti,  a  well-built  village  of  Italy,  9 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Como.     Pop.  2144. 

Guapai,  gwi-pi',  also  written  Guapey,  a  river  of 
Bolivia,  tributary  to  the  Mamoro,  which  it  joins  after  a 
winding  course  estimated  at  550  miles. 


Guapi-Morim,  gwi'pee-mo-reeN»',  a  village  of  Brazil, 
state  of  Rio  Janeiro,  between  Nicthcroy  and  the  Serrados 
Orgaos.     Pop.  2000, 

Guapore,  gwi-po'ri,  a  river  which  forms  a  part  of  the 
boundary  between  Brazil  and  Bolivia,  and  unites  with  the 
Mamore  after  a  course  of  400  miles. 

Guarainbari.  gw4-rJ,m-bi-ree',  a  river  of  Paraguaj', 
joins  the  Paraguay  25  miles  N.W.  of  Concepoion,  after  a 
course  of  about  150  miles. 

Guarapari,  gwl-ri-pi-ree',  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in 
the  Cordillera  of  Aimores,  and  takes  an  E.  direction,  forming 
in  its  course  a  number  of  lakes.  Its  mouth  is  narrow,  but 
deep,  and  easily  entered  by  coasters.  Canoes  ])roceed  as 
far  up  as  the  cordillera.  The  scenery  on  its  banks  is  re- 
markably beautiful. 

Guarapari,  a  mountain-ehain  of  Brazil,  in  Espirito 
Santo,  giving  origin  to  two  rivers  of  the  same  name. 

Guarapari,  a  town  of  Brazil,  on  the  coast,  state  and 
30  miles  S.W.  of  Espirito  Santo. 

Guurapiche,  g«3,-ra,])ee'chd,  a  river  of  Venezuela, 
state  of  Bermudez,  enters  tlie  Gulf  of  Paria  36  miles  W.  of 
the  N.  mouth  of  the  Orinoco,  after  a  tortuous  course  of 
about  100  miles. 

Guarapuava,  gwi-ri-pwi'vi,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state 
and  300  miles  S.W.  of  Sao  Paulo,  near  the  Igua^u. 

Guaratiba,  gw&-r3,-tee'bi,  a  seaport  village  of  Brazil, 
state  and  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Rio  Janeiro. 

Guaratingueta,  gw^-rS,-teen-g^'ti,  a  town  of  Brazil, 
120  miles  N.E.  of  Sao  Paulo,  on  the  Parahiba. 

Guaratuba,  gwi-ri-too'b&,  a  river  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Miiias-Geracs,  joins  the  Rio  Verde,  an  affiuent  of  the  SaO 
Francisco. 

Guaratuba,  a  small  river  of  Brazil,  state  of  Sao  Paulo, 
flows  into  the  Atlantic,  in  lat.  25°  45'  S.,  after  a  coui-se  of 
60  miles. 

Guaratuba,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Sao  Paulo,  23 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Paranagua. 

Guarda,  gwan'di  (anc.  Lan'cia  Oppida'na),  a  fortified 
town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  on  the  Serra  da  Estrella,  70 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Coimbra.  Pop.  3452.  It  has  a  cathedral, 
a  bishop's  palace,  and  an  old  castle,  whence  its  name. 

Guardafui,  Cape,  Africa.    See  Cape  Gcaudafui. 

Guardamar,  gwan-ni-maR',  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  21  miles  S.W.  of  Alicante,  on  the  Seguro.    P.  2699. 

Guardamiglio,  gwan-di-med'yo,  a  village  of  Italy, 
4  miles  N.  of  Piacenza.     Pop.  2450. 

GfUardavalle,  gwaR-di-v3.1'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Catanzaro,  20  miles  S.  of  Squillace.     Pop.  3561. 

Guarda-  Veneta,  gwaR'di-v4-ni'ti,  a  village  of  Italy, 
on  the  Po,  7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rovigo.     Pop.  2083. 

Guardia,  gwan'de-S,,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Co- 
scnza,  5  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cetraro.     Pop.  1323. 

Guardia,  or  La  Guardia,  14  gwaB'de-8,,  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  4  miles  S.S.E.  of  Jaen.     Pop.  1645. 

Guardia,  or  La  Guardia,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Bis- 
cay, province  of  Alava,  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Vitoria,  with  a 
castle  and  other  fortifications.     Pop.  2756. 

Guardia,  or  La  Guardia,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  28  miles  E.S.E.  of  Toledo.  Pop.  3533.  It  is  situated 
on  a  rocky  ridge,  in  which  are  numerous  caverns,  and  has 
old  fortifications,  having  been  a  guard-station  or  outpost 
against  the  Moors,  whence  its  name. 

Guardia- Alfiera,  gwaR'de-4-4l-fe-i'rS,,  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  and  19  miles  N.E.  of  Campobasso.   P.  1877. 

Guardia- Grele,  gwau'do-i-gr4'l4,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  12  miles  S.  of  Chieti.     Pop.  6190. 

Guardia-Lombarda,  gwan'de-i-lom-ban'di,  a  town 
of  Italy,  on  the  Lombarda,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Sant'  Angelo 
dei  Lombardi.     Pop.  3594. 

Guardia-Perticari,gwaB'de-3,-pSR-te-ki'ree,atown 
of  Italy,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  1670. 

Guardia-Regia,  gwaR'de-4-r4'jil,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Campobasso,  4 J  miles  S.E.  of  Bojano.    P.  2331. 

Guardistallo,  gwan-dis-tdl'lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  35 
miles  S.  of  Pisa.     Pop.  1706. 

Guarene,  gwl-ri'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Coni,  3  miles  N.  of  Alba.     Pop.  2526. 

Guarico,  gw4-ree'ko,  a  river  of  Venezuela,  joins  a 
branch  of  the  Apure  12  miles  E.  of  San  Fernando  de  Apure, 
after  a  S.  course  estimated  at  200  miles. 

Guarico,  gw4-ree'ko,  a  cape  of  the  island  of  Cuba,  near 
its  E.  extremity. 

Guarico,  a  former  province  of  Venezuela,  in  the  N, 
central  part,  traversed  by  the  Orinoco  and  many  of  its  navi- 
gable tributaries,  is  now  comprised  in  the  state  of  Miranda, 
The  region  is  composed  of  vast  plains,  subject  to  overflow 
in  the  wet  season. 


QUA 


1332 


GUA 


Guaricura,  Kn&-ro-koo'r&,  an  !«land  uf  nrnzil.  «tate  of 
Purd,  in  the  Amazon,  opposita  the  town  of  Pard.  Length, 
45  miles;  grvutost  bi'c:ultli,  about  IS  miles. 

Guarisainey,  gw4-re-!<&-md',  a  mining  town  of  Mox> 
too,  state  and  65  miles  S.S.W.  of  Durango. 

Ciiaariney>  gwaii-m4',  »  maritime  village  of  Peru,  de- 
partment and  158  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lima,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Uuarmoy. 

Guaro,  gwi'ro,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  33  miles 
W.  of  Malaga.     Pop.  2218. 

Gnarochiri,  a  town  of  Peru.    See  Huarochiri. 

Guaruupo,  gw&-roo-&'po,  two  rivers  of  Venezuela,  one 
uniting  the  Apure  and  Portuguesa  Rivers,  the  other  a  trib- 
ut4iry  of  the  Orinooo. 

Gun!<aciialco,  a  river  of  Moxioo.    See  Coatzacoalcos. 

Giiascania  ($;w&s-k&'in&)  Point,  a  headland  of  tho 
republic  of  Colombia,  department  of  Cuuca,  123  miles  W.  of 
Popayan,  in  lat.  2°  30'  N.,  Ion.  78°  30'  W. 

Guasco,  a  seaport  of  Chili.     See  HuAsco. 

Gnase,  an  island  in  the  Persian  Gulf.    See  Kexn. 

Guash,  a  river  of  England.     See  Wash. 

Guasila,  gw&-6eo'l&,  or  Goy-Esili,  go'ee-&-seo'lee, 
a  village  on  the  island  of  Sardinia,  24  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Cagliari.     Pop.  2010. 

Guastalla,  gw&s-t&I'li,  a  walled  city  of  Northern  Italy, 
situated  on  the  Po,  19  miles  N.E.  of  Parma.  It  has  a  cathe- 
dral, a  public  library,  a  castle,  manufactures  of  silk  fabrics 
and  twist,  and  a  bronze  statue  of  one  of  its  dukes.  It  is  a 
bishop's  see.     Pop.  10,618. 

Guastatoya,  gwis-li-to'yil,  a  town  of  the  republic  of 
Guatemala,  35  miles  E.N.E.  of  Guatemala  city. 

Guatavita,  gwi-li-vee'li,  a  village  of  the  republic  of 
Colombia,  department  of  Cundinamarca,  20  miles  N.E.  of 
Bogota.  The  Lake  of  Guutavita,  near  it,  is  about  9  miles 
in  length,  very  deep,  and  had  anciently  on  its  banks  many 
highly  venerated  Peruvian  temples. 

Guatemala,  gaw-te-mah'la  or  gw&-t&-m&'l&,  or  Gua- 
timala,  gw&-te-m&'l&,  a  republic  of  Central  America, 
having  Mexico,  Balize,  and  the  Bay  of  Honduras  N.,  the 
Pacific  Ocean  S.,  Honduras  and  San  Salvador  E.,  and 
Mexico  W.  Lat.  W  45'  to  17°  45'  N.;  Ion.  88°  10'  to 
93°  12'  W.  Greatest  length,  from  N.W.  to  S.E.,  about  350 
miles;  greatest  breadth,  180  miles;  area,  40,777  square 
miles.  Guatemala  is,  in  general,  exceedingly  picturesque 
and  beautiful,  and,  lilce  the  other  states  of  Central  America, 
it  is  distinguished  by  a  luxuriant  and  varied  vegetation. 
Except  in  the  marshy  forests  near  the  N.E.  coast,  tho  coun- 
try is  wholly  mountainous,  the  main  chain  or  cordillera 
traversing  it  from  S.E.  to  N.W.,  at  no  great  distance  from 
the  Pacific,  sending  off  numerous  branches  towards  the  At- 
lantic, and  forming  a  great  plateau  in  the  interior.  A'ong 
the  main  chain  are  a  considerable  number  of  volcanoes. 
All  of  them  are  near  the  Pacific.  Six  are  said  to  bo  active, 
namely,  Amilpas,  13,160  feet  high;  Sapotitlan,  13,050  feet 
high ;  Atitlan,  12,500  feet  high  ;  Volcan  de  Agua,  15,000  feet 
high;  Voloan  de  Fuego;  and  Pacaya.  The  state  is  watered 
by  numerous  streams,  of  which  the  Lacantun,  flowing  N.W. 
and  forming  part  of  the  Mexican  boundary,  and  the  Motagua 
and  the  Polochic  continued  by  the  Dulce,  both  flowing  N.E. 
to  the  Bay  of  Honduras,  and  their  tributaries,  are  the 
largest;  but  besides  these  there  are  many  streams  of  com- 
paratively short  courses  falling  into  the  Pacific.  There  are, 
likewise,  several  lakes,  the  most  important  being  Dulce, 
Amatitlan,  Atitlan,  and  Peten,  about  30  miles  long  by  9 
miles  broad,  near  the  frontiers  of  Yucatan,  in  the  little- 
known  province  of  Vera  Paz.  On  the  table-land  tho  cli- 
mate is  mild  and  agreeable,  but  in  more  elevated  situa- 
tions the  cold  is  quite  severe.  The  soil  generally  is  of 
great  fertility,  producing  maize  and  wheat  of  superior  qual- 
ity, excellent  rice  and  vegetables  and  tropical  fruits  in  great 
variety.  The  most  important  products  are  coffee  and  cochi- 
neal. Cacao,  tobacco,  sugar,  skins,  cedar-wood,  sarsaparilla, 
vanilla,  and  cotton  are  produced,  and  considerable  quanti- 
ties of  indigo  and  caoutchouc  are  obtained. 

In  the  altos  or  high  parts  of  tho  state  sheep  are  raised, 
the  wool  of  which  is  manufactured  by  the  natives  into  a 
coarse  twilled  fabric  called  gerga,  which  again  is  made  into 
various  articles  of  clothing,  including  long  plaids  called 
ponchos.  It  is  divided  into  7  departments,  each  presided 
over  by  a  corregidor,  namely,  Guatemal.a,  Solola.  Quczalte- 
nango,  Sacatepec,  Totonicapan,  Vera  Paz,  and  Chiquimula. 
The  name  was  formerly  applied  to  the  whole  of  Central 
America.  Capital,  Guatemala,  or  New  Guatemala.  Pop. 
in  1880,  1,224,602, of  whom  nearly  two-thirds  were  Indians. 
The  principal  ports  are  Izabal  and  Santo  Tomas  on  the 
Atlantic,  and  San  Jos6,  a  small  village  on  the  Pacific. 

Gaatemala,  or  Guatemala  la  Nueva,  gw&-t&- 


m&'IA  1&  noo-&'v&,  called  also  Santiago  de  Guatimala, 

capital  of  the  above  state,  is  situated  in  a  rich  and  spacious 
plain,  at  an  elevation  of  4061  foot,  106  miles  W.N.W.  of  San 
Salvador.  Lat.  14°  37'  N.;  l(m.  90°  30'  W.  It  is  very 
handsome,  is  well  supplied  with  water  by  long  aqueducts 
on  arches,  and  extends  over  a  large  space,  tho  prevalence 
of  earthquakes  causing  tho  houses  to  be  built  of  only  one 
story.  Tho  temperature  varies  between  00°  and  80°  Fah- 
renheit. In  tho  great  square  arc  situated  the  old  viceregal 
paliioo,  most  of  the  gorornment  oflicos,  the  cathedral,  the 
archbishop's  palace,  a  college,  many  schools,  barracks,  and 
most  of  tho  principal  shops ;  and  in  its  centre  is  a  fine  foun- 
toin.  Here  are  upwards  of  60  richly  ornamented  churches, 
a  new  fort,  a  cemetery,  a  hospital,  a  bull-ring,  a  theatre,  a 
university,  and  various  schools.  The  conventual  buildings 
are  now  mostly  appropriated  to  lay  purposes.  The  inhab- 
itants manufacture  muslins,  fine  cotton  yarn,  silver  articles, 
artificial  flowers,  and  embroidery  of  high  excellence.  Gua- 
temala has  a  flourishing  trade.  The  building  of  the  present 
city  was  commenced  in  the  year  1776,  three  years  after  the 
earthquake  of  1773,  which  destroyed  Old  Guateniala,  the 
former  capiUl.     Pop.  in  1880,  65,728;  in  1889,  65,796. 

Guatemala  la  Antigua,  gw&-ti-m&,'lA,  \i  &n-tee'- 
gwi  ("Old  Guatemala"), called  also  Santiago  dc  Caba> 
lleros,  s4n-tee-i'go  di  ki-Bil-yi'rdce,  lies  24  miles  W.S.W. 
of  the  above  city,  at  the  foot  of  the  Volcan  de  Agua,  by 
.an  eruption  of  which  it  was  overwhelmed  in  1541.  It  was 
again  devastated  by  an  e-irthquake  in  1773,  but  has  been 
since  rebuilt.  Around  it  are  many  sugar-ostablishments. 
Pop.  15,000. 

Guateycas,  a  group  of  islands.    See  Guaytecas. 

Guatuico,  gwil-tool'ko,  a  port  of  Mexico,  state  and  105 
miles  S.E.  of  Oajaca,  on  the  Pacific. 

Guatxacuaico,  Mexico.     See  Coatzacoalcos. 

Guaura,  a  town  of  Peru.     See  Huaiira. 

Guaviare,  or  Guabiare,  gw4-vo-&'r&,  a  river  of  the 
republic  of  Colombia,  joins  the  Orinoco  near  San  Fernando, 
in  lat.  4°  N.,  Ion.  67°  30'  W.,  after  an  E.  course  of  450 
miles. 

Ciuaxaba,  an  island  of  Cuba.    See  Gijajaba. 

Guaxaca,  a  state  of  Mexico.    See  Oajaca. 

Guayacan,  gwi-i-k4n',  a  village  of  Chili,  on  the  Bay 
of  Herradura,  li  miles  S.  of  the  port  of  Coquimbo.  It  has 
very  large  copper-smelting  works.  It  is  the  terminus  of  a 
branch  railway,  and  has  shipped  over  8000  tons  of  copper 
per  year.     Pop.  1330. 

Guayama,  gwi-3,'m&,  a  town  of  Porto  Rico,  4  miles 
N.  of  the  port  of  Guayama  (or  Arroyo),  a  village  on  the  S. 
coast,  with  a  good  anchorage.  The  town  itself  has  a  good 
trade,  and  exports  sugar,  molasses,  and  rum.     Pop.  5400. 

Guayana,  South  America.    See  Guiana. 

Guayana,  gwii'ni  (Spanish  for  Guiana),  formerly  the 
easternmost  and  largest  division  of  Venezuela,  bounded  E. 
by  British  Guiana  and  the  Atlantic,  and  having  the  Orinoco 
forapartof  its  N.  boundary,  now  comprised  in  Bolivar.  The 
section  is  largely  a  hot  and  pestilential  rejjion  of  marshes, 
dikes,  forests,  and  vast  open  plains;  but  in  tho  S.E.  is  a 
mountain  country,  little  known,  but  reported  to  be  rich  in 
gold.    Its  capital  was  Angostura,  now  called  Ciudad  Bolivar. 

Guayana,  a  town  of  Venezuela.     See  Angostura. 

Guayanilla,  gwi-4-neel'y&,  a  seaport  town  on  the  S. 
coast  of  Porto  Rico,  West  Indies. 

Guayape,  gwi-i'pi,  a  river  of  Honduras,  with  noted 
gold-washings.     It  is  a  branch  of  the  Patuca. 

Guayaquil,  gwi-i-keel',  a  city  of  Ecuador,  capital  of 
the  province  of  Guayas,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  river  Guayas, 
40  miles  from  its  mouth.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  9 
churches,  a  college,  a  seminary,  convents,  and  2  semi-weekly 
newspapers.  Large  ships  can  come  up  to  the  town,  which 
is  the  principal  port  of  Ecuador.  The  chief  exports  are 
cacao,  Panama  hiits,  hides,  cotton,  tobacco,  calisaya  and  other 
barks,  coffee,  &c.,  valued  in  some  years  at  over  $4,000,000, 
— the  imports  being  even  greater  in  value.  It  is  the  seat  of 
several  niiinufacturing  enterprises.     Pop.  40,000. 

Guayas,  gwi'is,  a  province  of  Ecuador,  on  the  W.  coast, 
and  occupying  a  large  portion  of  the  Pacific  slope  of  that 
country.  Area.  11,604  square  miles.  It  is  a  hot  region, 
covered  with  dense  vegetation,  and  traversed  by  the  navi- 
£iible  river  Guayas.     Capital,  Guayaquil.     Pop.  95,640. 

Guaymas,  gwi'mis,  a  seaport  town  of  Mexico,  state  of 
Sonora.  on  the  Gulf  of  California,  at  the  mouth  of  a  con- 
siderable river.  Its  harbor  is  one  of  the  best  on  the  W, 
coast  of  Mexico,  and  it  has  an  active  trade.     Pop.  300. 

Guayra,  La,  a  town  of  Venezuela.    See  La  Guayra. 

Guaytura,  gwi-t&'ra,  a  river  in  the  S.W.  of  the  republic 
of  Colombia,  i.s  an  afllucnt  of  the  Patia,  which  it  joius  after 
a  course  of  about  75  miles. 


QUA 


1333 


GUG 


Guaytecas,  gwl-ti'kis,  a  bay  and  group  of  islands  off 
the  W.  coast  of  Patagonia,  the  islands  forming  the  N.  part 
of  the  Chonos  Archipelago. 

Guazacualco,  a  river  of  Mexico.   See  Coatzacoalcos. 

Gubbio,  goob'bo-o,  or  Gubio^  goo'be-o  (anc.  Igu'vi- 
vm),  a  city  of  Central  Italy,  in  the  Marches,  27  miles  S.  of 
Urbino,  on  the  S.  declivity  of  the  Apennines.  Pop.  6343. 
It  is  beautifully  situated,  well  built,  and  has  a  quaint,  me- 
diaeval appearance.  It  is  a  bishop's  see.  The  chief  edifices 
are  the  cathedral,  a  fine  ducal  palace,  a  communal  palace, 
and  numerous  churches  and  convents.  Near  it,  among  the 
ruins  of  a  temple  of  Jupiter  Apenninus,  in  1446,  were 
discovered  the  famous  Eugubian  tables, — plates  of  bronze 
inscribed  with  Umbrian  and  primitive  Latin  characters. 
The  town  has  valuable  art-collections. 

Guben,  goo'b^n,  a  walled  town  of  Prussia,  in  Branden- 
burg, on  the  Neisse,  at  a  riiilway  junction,  7S)  miles  S.E. 
of  Berlin.  Pop.  23,704.  It  has  a  gymnasium  and  public 
library,  manufactures  of  woollen  and  linen  stuffs,  hosiery, 
yarn,  and  tobacco,  a  copper-foundry,  building-docks,  and 
trade  in  cattle  and  fruit. 

Guchilaque,  goo-che-li'kd,  a  small  town  of  Mexico, 
30  miles  S.  of  the  city  of  Mexico,  7000  feet  above  the  sea. 

Guda  Butigori,  goo'di  boo-te-go'ree,  a  town  of  India, 
Bombay  presidency.     Pop.  16,000. 

Gudeii,  or  Guden-Aa,  goo'd§n-o,  the  principal  river 
of  Jutland,  in  Denmark,  flows  N.E.,  and  joins  the  Cattegat 
about  16  miles  N.E.  of  Banders.     Length,  80  miles. 

Gudensberg,  goo'dens-bdno',  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Hesse-Nassau,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Cassel.     Pop.  1875. 

Gudera,  goo-di'ri,  a  town  of  AVestern  Abyssinia,  cap- 
ital of  a  chiefship,  near  lat.  10°  52'  N.,  Ion.  36°  57'  E. 

GudjunUurgurh',  or  Gajandragarh,  gu-jun'dra- 
giiR',  a  town  of  India,  74  miles  N.W.  of  Bellary.     P.  6047. 

Gudook,  gooMook',  a  pass  across  the  Elbrooz  Moun- 
tains, in  Northern  Persia,  between  the  provinces  of  Mazan- 
deran  and  Irak-Ajemec,  85  miles  E.N.E.  of  Teheran.  It  is 
supposed  to  be  the  Pi/lx  Canpiee  of  Alexander  the  Great. 

Gudshranwalla,  India.    See  Gujuru-avalla. 

Guebwiiier,  a  town  of  Alsace.     See  Gebwkiler. 

Guegen,  gheh-g6No',  a  post-village  in  Kent  co..  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  Cocaigne  River,  14  miles  from  Shediac. 
It  contains  2  stores,  2  saw-mills,  and  a  flour-mill.    Pop.  320. 

Gu6gon,  gi^gitfo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Morbihan,  7 
miles  AV.  of  Ploermel.     Pop.  273;  of  the  commune,  2972. 

Gueguetenango,  g.\-gd-ti-nS,n'go,  a  town  of  Guate- 
mala, 125  miles  N.W.  of  Guatemala. 

Gueguetoca,  a  village  of  Mexico.     See  IltTEHUETOCA. 

Guelago,  giV-ld'go,  a  village  of  Spain,  province  and  28 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Granada. 

Gueiderland,  Netherlands.    See  Gelderland. 

Gueldres,  the  French  name  of  Gelderx. 

Guelea,  a  town  of  Algeria.    See  El  Golea. 

Guelie,  ghfilMd',  a  village  of  AVest  Africa,  in  Foota- 
Damga,  on  the  Senegal.     Lat.  15°  18'  N. ;  Ion.  12°  45'  AV. 

Guelma,  ghSPmi',  a  town  of  Algeria,  department  of 
Constantine,  about  50  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Bona.  It  has  a  col- 
lege, a  mosque,  and  a  fine  museum.     Pop.  3195. 

Guelph,  gwelf,  a  post-office  of  Sumner  co.,  Kansas. 

Guelph,  gwelf,  a  post-town  of  Ontario,  capital  of  the 
CO.  of  AVellington,  on  the  Speed,  at  a  railway  junction,  48i 
miles  AV.  of  Toronto.  The  town  is  built  on  a  number  of 
hills,  which  gives  it  a  picturesque  appearance.  It  contains, 
besides  the  county  buildings,  churches  of  7  denominations,  3 
branch  banks,  a  library  and  reading-room,  2  daily  and  3 
weekly  newspaper  offices,  several  hotels,  and  about  60  stores. 
The  Speed  here  falls  about  30  feet,  furnishing  water-power 
to  3  or  4  large  flouring-mills,  a  saw-mill,  2  planing-mills, 
and  2  woollen-factories.  The  town  has  also  manufactories 
of  iron  castings,  machinery,  sewing-machines,  musical 
instruments,  leather,  agricultural  implements,  soap  and 
candles,  boots  and  shoes,  wooden-ware,  ifec,  and  2  breweries. 
Guelph  is  an  inland  port  of  entry.     Pop.  in  1891,  9890. 

Guein6n6)  gi^mi^ni',  a  village  of  France,  in  Loire- 
Inferieure,  34  miles  N.N.AV^.  of  Nantes.     Pop.  1074. 

Gu6inen6,  a  village  of  France,  in  Morbihan,  11  miles 
W.  of  Pontivy.     Pop.  1514. 

Guemes,  gwee'mes,  a  post-office  of  AAThatcom  co.,  AA^ash- 
ington,  on  Guemes  Island,  15  miles  S.AV.  of  AVhatcom. 
Copper-mines  have  been  opened  here. 

Guenoc,  gwi'nok,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lake  co.,  Cal., 
About  64  miles  AV.N.AA^.  of  Sacramento.  It  is  20  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Calistoga.     It  has  a  church,  a  hotel,  and  a  store. 

Guer,  gaiR,  a  town  of  France,  in  Morbihan,  12  miles 
E.  of  Ploermel.     Pop.  883. 

Gu^randc,  gi^rixd',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire-Infg- 
rieure,  near  tb  5  sea,  47  miles  AV.  by  N.  of  Nantes.     Pop. 


6749.  It  has  an  old  castle,  a  fine  mediaeval  church,  11 
annual  fairs,  and  manufactures  of  salt,  linen,  <tc. 

Guerara,  gi-ri'rS,,  a  town  of  Algeria,  oasis  of  AVady 
Mzab,  42  miles  E.N.E.  of  Gardaia.  It  is  surrounded  by  a 
high  wall,  and  entered  by  3  gates.  All  the  tribes  of  the 
desert  frequent  this  place,  either  to  buy  or  sell  horses, 
asses,  sheep,  ivory,  gold  dust,  ostrich  feathers,  cotton,  silk, 
cutlery,  Ac.     Pop.  about  5500. 

Gu6rard,  ga'ran',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seite-et- 
Marne,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Meaux.     Pop.  1662. 

Guerbaville,  ghSR'biVeel',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Seine-Inferieure,  4  miles  S.S.E.  of  Caudebeo.     Pop.  1620, 

Guercino,  gw5R-chee'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  12  milea 
N.  of  Frosinone,  on  the  Cosa.     Pop.  1100. 

Gueret,  gA^ri',  a  town  of  France,  capital  of  the  de- 
partment of  Creuse,  37  miles  N.E.  of  Limoges.  It  has  a 
library,  a  communal  college,  a  normal  school,  a  hospital, 
and  a  lunatic  asylum.     Pop.  4973. 

Guerigny,  giVeen'yeo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nifivre, 
on  the  Nievre.     Pop.  1870. 

Gueriie,  gaiRn,  a  village  of  France,  in  Morbihan,  6 
miles  S.AV.  of  Pontivy.     Pop.  298. 

Guerneville,  gh^r'n^-vil,  a  post-village  of  Sonoma  co., 
Cal.,  in  Redwood  township,  on  Russian  River,  10  miles  from 
its  mouth,  and  on  the  Fulton  &,  Guerneville  Railroad,  16 
miles  AV.  of  Fulton  Junction.  It  has  a  church,  3  large 
saw-mills,  2  shingle-mills,  a  chair-factory,  and  2  quick- 
silver-mines. Here  are  forests  of  redwood  trees,  some  of 
which  are  said  to  be  24  feet  in  diameter.     Pop.  about  600. 

Guernica,  ghSn-nee'kS,,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of 
Biscay,  17  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bilbao.     Pop.  1145. 

Guernsey,  gh^m'ze  (anc.  Sar'nia),  the  second  in  size 
of  the  Channel  Islands,  in  the  Bay  of  St.  Michael,  30  milea 
AV.  of  the  coast  of  Normandy,  61  miles  S.  of  Portland, 
English  coast,  and  15  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Jersey.  Area, 
19,605  acres.  Its  coast-line,  about  30  miles  in  circumfer- 
ence, is  deeply  indented  with  bays.  The  surface  is  gently 
varied.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  The  climate  is  moist,  but 
healthy,  and  so  mild  that  oranges,  melons,  figs,  myrtles, 
and  the  Guernsey  lily  flourish  luxuriantly.  The  orchards 
furnish  pasture  for  the  breed  of  cows,  which  are  larger  and 
more  valued  than  even  those  of  Alderney,  and  yield  the 
finest  butter.  Steamers  ply  between  Guernsey  and  London, 
Southampton,  Plymouth,  and  AVeymouth.  St.  Peter-le- 
Port,  on  the  S.E.  coast,  is  the  capital,  and,  except  St.  Samp- 
son's, is  the  only  town  in  the  island,  which  is  mostly  studded 
with  scattered  houses  or  cottages  embosomed  in  orchards. 
The  natives  of  the  lower  orders  speak  the  old  Norman 
French ;  they  have  long  been  remarkable  for  their  adher- 
ence to  Protestantism.  The  island  is  under  a  lieutenant- 
governor,  who  represents  the  sovereign  in  the  assembly  of 
the  states,  which  is  a  kind  of  local  parliament.  Guernsey 
formed  a  part  of  the  duchy  granted  by  Charles  the  Simple 
to  the  Norman  Rollo,  to  whose  descendants  it  has  now  be- 
longed for  1000  years.  It  is  defended  by  strong  fortifica- 
tions, and  has  a  well-organized  militia.     Pop.  32,607. 

Guernsey,  ghern'ze,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Ohio, 
has  an  area  of  about  530  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
AVills  and  Seneca  Creeks.  The  surface  is  diversified  with 
hills  of  moderate  height,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  wool, 
wheat,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Valuable  mines 
of  bituminouS'Coal  have  been  opened  in  this  county.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Baltimore  <t  Ohio  Railroad  and  the 
Cleveland  <fe  Marietta  Railroad,  both  of  which  communicate 
with  Cambridge,  the  capital.  Pop,  in  1870,  23,838;  in 
1880,  27,197;  in  1890,  28,645. 

Guernsey,  a  station  on  the  railroad  from  Little  Rock 
to  Texarkana,  52  miles  S.AV.  of  Arkadelphia,  Ark. 

Guerrero,  ghfin-Rd'ro,  a  state  of  Mexico,  bordering 
on  the  Pacific,  and  enclosed  on  all  other  sides  by  the  states 
of  Michoacan,  Morelos,  Mexico,  La  Puebla,  and  Oajaca, 
Area,  24,544  square  miles.     Capital,  Tixtla,     Pop.  363,193. 

Guerryton,  gh^r're-tgn,  a  post-office  and  station  of 
Bullock  CO.,  Ala.,  on  the  Mobile  &  Girard  Railroad,  39 
miles  AV.S.AV.  of  Columbus,  Ga.     It  has  3  stores. 

Guerta,  an  island  in  the  Pacific.     See  Trevaniox . 

Guest's  (ghests)  Iliver,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  AVise  co.,  Va, 

Guest's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVise  co,,  Va.,  44 
miles  N.AA'^.  of  Abingdon. 

Guetaria,  gi-ti're-i,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Guipuzcua, 
10  miles  AV.  of  San  Sebastian,  on  the  Bay  of  Biscay. 

Gueugnon,  guN^y6N<'',  a  village  of  France,  in  Sadne- 
et-Loire,  41  miles  AV.N.AV.  of  Macon.     Pop,  2151. 

Guf'iey,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg  &  Connellsyilld 
Railroad,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

Gugerat,  a  province  of  India,    See  Guzebat. 


ouo 


1334 


GUT 


GvCfisbergt  gSSg'ghis-biRO^  a  Tillage  of  Bwitter- 
land,  eanton  and  15  milos  S.  of  Bern. 

(iiiKliolmOf  gool-yil'uio,  a  mountain  of  Italy,  in  Lom- 
bardy,  near  tho  K.  shore  of  Lake  Iseo,  6  miles  N.  of  Qar- 
done.     Hcixlit,  63U0  foet. 

Gaglingen,  gUg'ling-^n,  a  town  of  WUrtemberg,  3i 
miles  S.W.  of  Brackenhoim.     Pop.  1435. 

Gaglionisi,  gool-yo-noe'see,  a  town  of  Italy,  prorinee 
of  Campobasso,  8  miles  N.  of  Larino.     Pop.  628A. 

Guguan,  goo-gwJln',  or  Saint  Philip,  one  of  the  La« 
drone  Ishuids,  in  tho  Pacific,  about  200  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Guahan,  with  which  it  is  sometimes  confounded. 

Guhmur,  g(5S-moor',  a  town  of  India,  on  the  Ganges, 
and  on  tho  Kast  Indian  Ilailway,  district  and  14  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Ghateepoor.     Pop.  8797. 

Gull  ran,  goo'rdw,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  44  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  4138. 

Guia,  or  Guya,  ghcc'&,  a  town  of  Ashnntce,  about  100 
miles  N.E.  of  Coomassie.     Lat.  7°  N. ;  Ion.  0°. 

Guia,  ghee'&,  a  maritime  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  30 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Parnhyba,  on  the  Atlnntic. 

Guia,  a  village  of  Brazil,  statu  of  Auiazonas,  on  the 
Kio  Nejjro,  near  the  N.  frontier. 

Guiagiiila,  ghce-1-ghee'li,  a  village  of  Senegambta, 
on  the  Senegal.     Lat.  14°  15'  N. ;  Ion.  12°  20'  W. 

Guiana,  Guyana,  ghe  &'na„  or  Guayana,  gwl- 
i'nft.,  a  region  of  South  America,  in  its  narrowest  sense  in- 
eluding  the  colonies  of  British,  Dutch,  and  French  Guinna 
(each  described  under  its  alphabetical  head),  but  in  a  wider 
sense  including  also  a  large  section  of  Venezuela  and 
that  part  of  Brazil  which  lies  N.  of  the  Amazon  and  the 
Rio  Negro.  Guiana  may  be  regarded  as  a  great  forest-clad 
peninsula  lying  between  the  Orinoco  and  the  Amazon.  It 
has  as  a  nucleus  the  Sierra  Parime,  a  system  of  mountains 
of  low  elevation  and  known  to  contain  deposits  of  gold. 
Guiana  has  a  humid  climate  and  a  fertile  soil;  but  much 
of  its  interior  is  almost  unexplored. 

Guianeco  Islands.    See  Guaianeco. 

Guibarra,  ghe-bor'ra,  a  river  of  Ireland,  flows  into 
the  Atlantic  between  the  bays  of  Rosmore  and  Traweuagh. 

Guiche,  gheesh,  a  village  of  France,  in  Basses-Pyr6- 
n6es,  on  the  Bidouze,  14  miles  E.  of  Bayonne.     Pop.  1514. 

Guiche,  or  La  Guiche,  11  gheesh,  a  village  of  France, 
in  Sa6ne-et-Loire,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Charolles.     Pop.  895. 

Guichen,  ghee'shJN"',  a  village  of  France,  in  Illc-ot- 
Vilaine,  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rennes.     Pop.  504. 

Guiclan,  ghee'kl6N»',  a  village  of  France,  in  Finistfire, 
6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Morlaix.     Pop.  565. 

GuicoAvar's  Dominions,  India.    See  Baroda. 

Guidakar,  ghe-di-kan',  a  village  of  West  Africa,  in 
Wallo,  on  the  Senegal.     Lat.  16°  27'  N. ;  Ion.  15°  43'  W. 

Guidel,  ghee'dir,  a  village  of  France,  in  Morbihan,  6 
miles  ^y.N.W.  of  Lorient.     Pop.  788. 

Guide  Rock,  a  post-village  of  Webster  co.,  Neb.,  near 
the  Republican  River,  10  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Red  Cloud. 
It  has  2  churche.«,  a  bank,  an  academy,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  in  1890,  336. 

Guidizzolo,  gwee-dit'so-lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  15  miles  N.W.  by  N.  of  Mantua.     Pop.  2436. 

Gnidore,  a  bay  of  Ireland.     See  Gweedouk. 

Gnieune,  or  Guyenne,  ghee'finn',  an  old  province 
in  the  S.W.  of  France,  lying  N.  of  Gascony,  and  now  dis- 
tributed chiefly  among  the  departments  of  Gironde,  Dor- 
dogne,  Lot-et-Garonne,  Lot,  Aveyron,  and  Tarn-et-Ga- 
ronne.  Its  capital  was  Bordeaux.  Guiexne  is  supposed 
to  be  a  corruption  of  Aquitania,  the  name  given  to  this 
country  in  the  time  of  the  ancient  Romans.  In  the  early 
periods  of  the  French  monarchy  it  was  called  Aquitaine. 

Guiers,  ghee^aiR',  a  small  river  of  France,  rises  in  the 
Alps,  and  joins  the  Rhone  near  Saint-Didier. 

Guignen,  ghecn*y6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ille-et- 
Vilaine,  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rennes.     Pop.  3014. 

Gn^ar,  or  Guixar,  ghe-Ran',  a  lake  of  Central  Amer- 
ica, in  San  Salvador.  It  receives  the  Mitlan,  and  dis- 
rharges  its  surplus  water  by  the  Lempa  into  the  Pacific. 
It  is  about  60  miles  in  circumference,  and  in  the  middle 
is  a  large  island  alraunding  in  game  and  containing  the 
ruins  of  a  considerable  town. 

Guilderland,  ghll'd^r-land,  a  post-township  of  Al- 
bany CO.,  N.Y.,  is  traversed  by  the  Albiiny  A  Susquehanna 
Railroad.  It  contains  villages  named  Guilderland,  Guil- 
derland Centre,  and  Knowersville.     Pop.  3510. 

Guilderland,  or  Ham'iltonville,  a  post-village  of 
Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Guilderland  township,  9  or  10  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Albany.     It  has  3  churches. 

Guilderland  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Albany  oo., 
N.Y.,  in  Guilderland  township,  on  the  Athens  Branch  of 


the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Al- 
bany.    It  has  2  churches  and  2  wagon-shops.     Pop.  450. 

Guilderland  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albany  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Albany  A  Susquehanna  Railroad,  14  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Albany. 

GuildTurd,  ghil'f^rd,  a  town  of  England,  capital  of 
the  county  of  Surrey,  on  the  navigable  river  Wey,  hero 
crossed  by  a  bridge  of  five  arches,  and  at  the  junction  of 
several  railways,  17  miles  S.W.  of  London.  It  has  a  modern 
and  2  ancient  parish  churches,  a  grammar-school  chartered 
by  Edward  VI.,  a  blue-coat  school,  a  handsome  hospital,  an 
elegant  county  hall,  a  guild  hall,  and  conspicuous  remain; 
of  a  castle,  which  was  a  residence  of  several  Saxon  and 
Norman  sovereigns.  Guildford  has  a  considerable  traflic 
by  the  Wey  in  corn,  malt,  and  coals.  It  sends  one  member 
to  the  House  of  Commons.     Pop.  in  1891,  14,319. 

Guildford,  a  town  of  Australia,  in  Victoria,  80  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Melbourne.     Pop.  1156. 

Guildhall,  ghild'hall,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Essex 
CO.,  Vt.,  in  Guildhall  township,  on  the  Connecticut  River, 
60  miUs  E.N.E.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  several  churches, 
and  pnper-  and  lumber-mill.".     Pop.  of  the  township,  511. 

Guilford,  ghil'fprd,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  North 
Carolina.  Area.,  650  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Deep 
River,  which  rises  in  it,  and  by  the  Reedy  Fork  of  Haw 
River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is 
covered  with  forests  of  good  timber.  The  soil  is  mostly  fer- 
tile. Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  grass,  pork,  and  tobacco 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Richmond  A  Danville  Railroad  and  the  Cape  Fear  A 
Yadkin  Valley  Railroad,  both  of  which  pass  through  Greens- 
borough,  the  caj>ital.  Pop.  in  1870,  21,736;  in  1880, 
23,5S5;  in  1890,  28,052. 

Guilford,  a  beautiful  post-borough  of  New  Haven  co., 
Conn.,  in  Guilford  township,  on  Long  Island  Sound,  and 
on  the  Shore  Line  Railroad,  16  miles  E.  of  New  Haven. 
It  contains  5  churches,  a  savings-bank,  the  Guilford  Insti- 
tute, a  newspaper  ofiice,  Ac.  Guilford  was  the  birthplace 
of  Fitz-Greene  Halleck.  The  township  has  6  churches,  an 
iron-foundrj-,  and  a  manufactory  of  school-furniture.  Pop. 
of  the  township  in  1890,  2780. 

Guilford,  a  township  of  Jo  Daviess  co.,  III.  Pop. 
933.     It  contains  Avery. 

Guilford,  a  township  of  Winnebago  co.,  111.    Pop.  969. 

Guilford,  a  post-village  of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  A  Lafayette  Railroad,  8  milts 
N.N.W.  of  Lawrenceburg.  It  has  a  church,  a  plough-fac- 
tory, a  cheese-factory,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Guilford,  a  township  of  Hendricks  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
2193.     It  includes  Plainfield. 

Guilford,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  769. 
It  contains  Georgetown. 

Guilford,  a  post-village  of  Wilson  co.,  Kansas,  in  Guil- 
ford township,  on  the  Verdigris  River,  about  7  miles  N.E. 
of  Frcdonia.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  lumber-mill.  Pop. 
about  100  ;  of  the  township,  443. 

Guilford,  a  post-village  of  Piscataquis  co.,  Me.,  in  Guil- 
ford township,  on  both  sides  of  the  Piscataquis  River,  and 
on  the  Bangor  A  Piscataquis  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Dover. 
It  is  61  miles  N.W.  of  Bangor  by  rail,  but  only  40  in  a 
direct  line.  It  has  3  churches,  2  shingle-mills,  a  saw-mill, 
a  woollen-mill,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  818. 

Guilford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Howard  oo.,  Md.,  about  IS 
miles  S.W.  of  Baltimore. 

Guilford,  Wabasha  co.,  Minn.     See  Gillfohd. 

Guilford,  a  post-village  of  Nodaway  co..  Mo.,  about  32 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  St.  Joseph,  and  1  mile  E.  of  the  Platto 
River.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  nursery  of  fruit  trees. 

Guilford,  a  post-village  of  Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Guil- 
ford township,  on  the  New  York  A  Oswego  Midland  Rail- 
road, 200  miles  N.W.  of  New  Y'ork,  and  about  30  miles 
N.E.  of  Bingliamton.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school, 
a  newspaj)er  ofiice,  a  machine-shop,  a  cheese-factory, 
and  manufactures  of  carriages,  water-wheels,  boots,  shoes, 
rubber  goods,  creamery  supplies,  Ac.  Pop.  331.  The 
township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Unadilla  River. 
Pop.  2236. 

Guilford  (Bucks  Post-Oflice),  a  bnmlet  of  Columbiana 
CO.,  0.,  in  Hanover  township,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Kensington 
Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Guilford,  a  township  of  Medina  co.,  0.     Pop.  1841. 

Guilford,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  3754, 
exclusive  of  the  borough  of  Chanibersburg. 

Guilford,  a  post-village  of  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  in  Guil- 
ford townsbij),  about  4  miles  S.W.  of  Brattleborough.  It 
has  2  churches,  marble-works,  and  manufactures  of  baby- 
carriages,  whips,  Ac.     Pop.  of  tho  township,  870. 


GUI 


1335 


GUL 


Gnilford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Accomack  co.,  Va.,  on  or 
near  Chesapeake  Bay,  26  miles  S,  of  Pocomoke  City,  Md. 
It  has  a  church. 

Guilford,  Loudoun  co.,  Va.    See  Loudoun. 

Guilford  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chenango  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Guilford  township,  on  the  Midland  Railroad,  15 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Norwich,     It  has  2  churches. 

Guilford  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Windham  co.,  Vt., 
in  Guilford  township,  about  14  miles  N.  of  Greenfield, 
Mass,     It  has  a  church. 

Guillac,  ghee'yik'  or  gheeryik',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Morbihan,  3  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ploermel.     Pop.  1591. 

Guiilaumes,  ghee^yom'  or  gheerySm',  a  town  of 
Prance,  in  Alpes-Maritimes,  33  miles  N,W,  of  Nice,  on  the 
Var.     Pop.  1117, 

Guillestre,  ghee^ySst'r',  a  village  of  Prance,  in  Ilautes- 
Alpes,  on  the  Guil,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Embrun. 

Guillotiere,  a  town  of  France.    See  La  Guilloti^re. 

Guilmi,  gwil'mee  or  gweel'mee,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Chieti,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Vasto.     Pop.  2059. 

Guiloom,  gheeMoom',  a  river  of  Senegambia,  joins  the 
Senegal  in  lat.  16°  30'  N.,  Ion.  14°  45'  W.     Length,  90  miles. 

Guimar,  ghe-man',  a  Spanish  town  on  the  S.E.  coast 
of  Teneriffe,  Canary  Islands.     Pop.  3042. 

Guimaraens,  ghe-mS,-rJ.'ft.vs,  written  also  Guima- 
raes,  a  fortified  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Minho,  12 
miles  S.E.  of  Braga.  Pop.  7S65.  It  has  a  handsome  col- 
legiate church,  numerous  other  religious  buildings  and 
hospitals,  manufactures  of  hardware,  and  an  active  trade. 

Guimaraens,  ghe-mi-ri'4.vs,  a  town  of  Brazil,  45 
miles  N.AV.  of  Maranhao,  on  the  Bay  of  Cuma.     Pop.  2000. 

Guimaraens,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state  of  Matto- 
Qrosso,  40  miles  N.E.  of  Cuyabd. 

Guimaras,  ghe-m3,'r5.s,  one  of  the  Phjilipine  Islands. 

Guinea,  ghin'ee  (Fr.  Guitiee  ghee^ni,' ;  Port.  GuinS, 
ghe-ni' ;  Sp. Guinea,  ghe  n4'4),  an  old  geographical  division 
of  West  Africa,  comprising  the  coast  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean 
from  Cape  Negro,  lat.  15°  45'  S..  to  Cape  Verga,  lat.  10° 
18'  N.  It  was  divided  into  Upper  or  North  Guinea  and  Lower 
or  South  Guinea,  the  former  lying  N.  and  the  latter  E.  of  the 
Gulf  of  Guinea.     The  name  designates  no  political  division. 

North  Guinea,  which  may  now  be  regarded  as  Guinea 
proper,  extending  from  lat.  10°  18'  N.  to  lat.  1°  S.  and 
between  Ion.  14°  30'  W.  and  10°  E.,  has  Senegambia  and 
Soodan  on  the  N.  and  N.E.,  and  the  Atlantic  on  the  S.  and 
S.W.  The  coasts  are  In  general  low  and  unhealthy,  but 
very  fertile.  The  Kong  Mountains,  of  which  but  little  is 
known,  are  believed  to  extend  from  E.  to  W.  along  the  N. 
boundary.  Principal  rivers,  the  Niger  or  Quorra,  the  delta 
of  which  is  on  the  Calabar  coast,  the  Volta,  and  the  Assinie. 
The  S.  and  W.  coasts  are  watered  by  numerous  small  streams. 
The  chief  products  of  the  country  consist  In  gold  dust,  mal- 
aguetta  pepper,  palm  oil,  groundnuts,  coifee,  shea  butter, 
cotton,  and  sugar-cane.  The  forests  contain  vast  numbers 
of  elephants,  lions,  rhinoceroses,  and  enormous  serpents. 
The  coasts  from  N.  to  S.  are  called  Liberia  (formerly  the 
Grain  Coast),  Ivory  Coast,  Gold  Coast,  Slave  Coast,  and 
the  Calabar  Coast.  The  interior  is  divided  into  numerous 
native  states,  the  chief  of  which  are  the  kingdoms  of  Ashan- 
tee,  Dahomey,  and  Benin.  Fetishism  is  the  prevailing 
Buperstition.  The  principal  European  settlements  are  in 
the  British  colonies  of  Gold  Coast  and  Lagos.  On  the  S.W. 
coast  is  the  American  settlement  of  Liberia. 

South  Guinea  (the  territory  of  which  is  now  largely  em- 
braced in  the  Portuguese  Colony  of  Angola)  extended  from 
lat.  1°  to  15°  45'  S.  and  from  Ion.  8°  50'  to  18°  E.  It  was 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  elevated  mountain?  covered  with 
forests.  The  chief  rivers  are  the  Congo  and  Coanza.  The 
mountains  are  said  to  contain  iron  and  copper.  Vegetation 
is  rich,  and  wild  animals  are  numerous.  I'his  country  was 
discovered  by  the  Portuguese  in  1487,  and  tliey  have  re- 
tained nominal  possession  of  the  southern  districts.  See 
Gulf  of  Guinea. 

Guinea  Company,  a  town  or  collection  of  villages  in 
Western  Africa,  on  the  Old  Calabar  River,  near  lat.  5°  30' 
N.,  Ion.  8°  30'  E.  Pop.  5000.  Little  Guinea  Company 
is  a  town  5  miles  N.  of  the  above. 

Guinea,  New,  an  island  of  the  Pacific.    See  Papua. 

Guines,  gheen,  a  village  of  France,  in  Pas-de-Calais,  7 
miles  S.  of  Calais.  Pop.  3644.  The  Canal  of  Guines  con- 
nects the  village  with  Calais. 

Giiines,  gwee'nSs,  almost  wee'nSs,  a  town  of  Cuba,  45 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Havana.     Pop.  3800. 

Guiney's,  or  Guinea's,  ghin'iz,  a  post-village  of 
Caroline  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Richmond,  Fredericksburg  & 
Potomac  Railroad,  49  miles  N,  of  Richmond,  It  has  2 
ohurches  and  an  academy. 


Gnin§;anip,  gheen'gfiN"',  a  town  of  France,  in  C6tes-du- 
Nord,  20  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Saint-Brieuc.  It  has  a 
fine  mediaeval  church,  a  communal  college,  and  manufac- 
tures of  ginghams,  linen  fabrics,  and  thread.     Pop.  7895. 

Guion,  Parke  co.,  Ind.    See  Bruin. 

Gniona,  ghe-o'ni,  a  lofty  mountain  of  Greece,  in  lat. 
38°  38'  10"  N.,  Ion.  22°  16'  24"  E,  Height  above  the  sea, 
8240  feet. 

Guionsville,  ghi'9nK-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dearborn 
CO.,  Ind.,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Dillsborough. 

Guipavas,  ghee^pdVJ,',  a  village  of  France,  in  Finis- 
t6re,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Brest.     Pop.  1076. 

Guipel,  ghee'pSl',  a  village  of  France,  in  Illo-et- 
Vilaine,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rennes.     Pop.  1607, 

Guipry,  ghce^pree',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ille-et- 
Vilaine,  17  miles  N,E.  of  Redon.  Pop.  190;  of  the  com- 
mune, 3211. 

Guipuzcoa,  ghe-poos'ko-i  (Sp.  pron.  ghe-pooth'ko-i), 
or  Guipuscoa,  the  smallest  province  of  Spain,  one  of  the 
Basque  provinces,  in  the  N.E.,  bounded  N.  by  the  Bay  of 
Biscay,  and  E.  by  France  and  Navarre.  Area,  728  square 
miles.  The  surface  is  traversed  by  offsets  of  the  Pyrenees. 
The  chief  rivers  are  the  Deva,  Oria,  and  Urumea.  The 
climate  is  mild  and  healthy.  'The  province  has  extensive 
iron-mines,  which  constitute  its  chief  source  of  revenue. 
Capital,  Tolosa.     Pop.  180,743. 

Guiria,  gwee'ree-4,  a  seaport  town  of  Venezuela,  state 
and  135  miles  E.  of  Cumand,  on  the  Gulf  of  Paria. 

Guisborough,  or  Gisborough,  ghiz'biir-riih,  a  town 
of  England,  co.  of  York,  North  Riding,  at  a  railway  ter- 
minus,  5  miles  from  the  North  Sea,  and  40  miles  N.  of 
York.  It  has  a  town  hall,  a  branch  bank,  the  ruins  of  a 
priory  founded  in  1129,  a  grammar-school,  and  a  poor** 
hospital.     Pop.  of  parish,  5671. 

Guiscard,  ghecs^kaR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Oise,  19 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Compicgne.     It  has  a  castle.     Pop.  1658, 

Guiscritf,  ghees'kreef,  a  village  of  France,  in  Morbi- 
han, 27  miles  W.  of  Pontivy.     Pop.  of  commune,  3724. 

Guise,  gweez  or  gheez,  a  town  of  France,  in  Aisne,  on 
the  Oise,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Vervins,  Pop.  6242.  It  is  the 
terminus  of  a  branch  railway,  and  has  a  castle,  foundries 
for  iron  and  copper,  tanneries,  and  manufactures  of  shawls, 
woollen  goods,  cottons,  Ac. 

Guiseley,  ghiz'lee,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  on 
a  railway,  2  miles  S.  of  Otley.     Pop.  of  township,  3185. 

Guisona,  ghee-so'ni  (anc.  Cis'sa  ?),  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Catalonia,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Lerida.     Pop.  2240. 

Guisseny,  ghees's?h-nee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Fi- 
nistere,  22  miles  N.N.E.  of  Brest.     Pop.  386. 

Guitivis,  ghee-tee-vees',  or  Santa  Cruz  de  Mayo, 
siln't&  kroos  Ak  mi'o,  a  seaport  of  Mexico,  state  of  Sonora, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Mayo  in  the  Gulf  of  California,  120 
miles  S.E.  of  Guaymas. 

Guitres,  gheet'r,  a  town  of  France,  in  Gironde,  on  the 
Isle,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Libourne.     Pop.  1384. 

Guittard,ghit-tard',  a  township  of  Marshall  co.,  Kansas, 
Pop.  490.     It  contains  Axtell,  Beattie,  Ac. 

Guittard  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co., 
Kansas,  3  miles  N.  of  the  St.  Joseph  A  Denver  City  Rail- 
road, and  about  76  miles  N.N.W.  of  Toneka, 

Guixar,  a  lake  of  Salvador,    See  Guijar. 

Gujan,  gii^zhftN"',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Gironde,  with  a  small  port,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Bordeaux.  It 
has  sea-baths  and  an  oyster-fishery.     Pop.  3292. 

Gujerat,  a  peninsula  of  India.    See  Guzerat. 

Giijerat,  guzh'er-at',  a  district  of  the  Punjab,  in  the 
Bawil-Pinde  division.  Area,  1943  square  miles.  Capital, 
Gujerat.     Pop.  616,361. 

Gujerat,  a  walled  town  of  India,  capital  of  Gujerat 
district,  72  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Lahore.     Pop.  15,907. 

Gnjurn- walla,  goo-joorn-wil'li,  or  Gujranwala, 
goodjVan-wi'li,  written  also  Gudshranwalla and  Gur- 
zerawale,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the  district  of  the 
same  name,  44  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Lahore.     Pop.  19,381. 

Giyurn-walla,  or  Gnjranwala,  a  district  of  tho 
Punjab,  India,  in  the  Lahore  division,  N.  of  the  Lahore 
district.  Area,  2561  square  miles.  Capital,  Gujurn-walla. 
Pop.  616,361. 

Gnladgad,  goo-lid-gid',  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Bom- 
bay presidency.     Pop.  10,800. 

Gulahan,  goo-lS-hln',  a  town  of  India,  Boglipoor  dis. 
trict.     Pop.  5122. 

Guldbrandsdal,  goold'bra,nds-da,r,  a  valley  of  Nor- 
way, commences  at  Lillehammer,  where  tho  Lougen  falls 
into  the  Lake  of  Miosen,  and  continues  along  the  course  of 
the  stream  to  the  foot  of  the  Dovrefield  Mountains,  Ita 
length  is  about  168  miles. 


GUL 


1336 


GUL 


GuI'dens,  a  aUtion  in  Adams  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the  Hanover 
A  QettyKburg  Railroad,  5  uiilea  E.  of  Gettysburg. 

Guldiichnj  a  city  of  Asia.    See  Kooldja. 

Gulf.  Fur  all  gulfs  not  undermentioned,  see  additional 
name. 

Gulfy  a  Tillage  of  Chatham  oo.,  N.C.,  4  miles  from 
Egypt  Dotrat.  It  has  2  ohurohes,  a  flour-mill,  a  foundry, 
ana  a  oarnage-shop.     Pop.  of  Gulf  tonrnship,  17S6. 

Galf  Mills*  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  oo.,  Pa.,  in 
Upper  Morion  township,  4  miles  S.  of  Norristown.  It  has 
a  cnuroh  and  a  fiouring-mtll. 

Gulfof  Aden,  &'ddn,  that  portion  of  sea  lying  between 
the  north  coast  of  Adel,  terminating  E.  with  Capo  Guiirda- 
fui  and  the  S.  coast  of  Anvbiiv,  between  Has  Arrah  and  Kus 
Agub;  the  former  in  lat.  12°  40'  N.,  Ion.  44°  K.,  the  Itittor 
in  Int.  15°  15'  N.,  Ion.  51°  30'  E.  Its  length  from  E.  to 
W.  is  about  480  miles,  its  breadth  from  160  to  200  miles. 

Gulf  of  i£giua,  ee-ji'nA  (anc.  Saron'icun  Si'iiiik), 
on  the  E.  side  of  Greece,  between  Attica  and  Pelopunnosus, 
is  about  50  miles  in  length,  and  30  in  breadth.  It  contains 
the  islands  of  Salamis  and  ^gina,  and  several  islets. 

Gulf  of  Akabah,  &'kil-bil  (anc.  Sl'mit  AUanii'icn*), 
the  eastern  horn  of  the  Red  Sea  after  its  bifurcation  in  lat. 
28°  N.,  extending  N.N.E.  to  lat.  29°  36'  N.,  bounding  the 
peninsula  of  Sinai  on  the  E.     Average  breaidth,  12  miles. 

Gulf  of  Almeria,  &l-mi.-ree'&,  in  Granada,  S]>ain,  is 
about  25  miles  in  width,  and  about  10  miles  in  length. 

Gulf  of  Arca'dia,  a  gulf  on  the  AV.  coast  of  the  Morea, 
Greece.  It  is  shallow,  and  has  Cape  Katacolo  on  the  N.  and 
Cape  Konello  on  the  S.,  distant  from  each  other  35  miles. 

Gulf  of  Archangel.    See  Archangel  Bay. 

Gulf  of  Ar'ta  (anc.  Si'nu$  Ambra'ciui),  a  gulf  of  the 
Ionian  Sea,  in  the  Mediterranean,  forms  part  of  the  N. 
frontier  of  the  kingdom  of  Greece,  in  lat.  39°  N.  and  Ion. 
21°  E.  It  is  nearly  landlocked,  having  Acarnania  on  the 
S.  and  E.  and  Albania  on  the  N.  Length,  25  miles; 
breadth,  from  4  to  10  miles.  The  famous  naval  battle  of 
Acttum  was  fought  near  the  entrance  of  this  gulf,  b.c.  31, 

Gulf  of  Avio'na,  an  inlet  of  the  Adriatic  Sea,  ex- 
tending for  10  miles  inland,  by  5  miles  in  width,  and  sepa- 
rated from  the  Strait  of  Otranto  by  Cape  Linguetta. 

Gulf  of  Bimini.    See  Bahama  Channel. 

Gulf  of  Boni,  bo'nee,  called  also  Bughis  (boo'ghces) 
Bay*  is  about  200  miles  in  length,  by  from  40  to  80 
miles  in  breadth,  and  separates  the  two  southern  penin- 
sulas of  Celebes. 

Gulf  of  Both'nia  (Sw.  J?o«en  Tr/fceii,  bot't^n  wee'k^n), 
a  gulf  of  Europe,  forming  the  northern  part  of  the  Baltic 
Sea,  between  lat.  60°  and  66°  N.  and  Ion.  17°  and  25°  35'  E., 
from  the  Aland  Islands  to  Tornei,  having  E.  Finland,  and 
W.  Sweden.  Length,  400  miles ;  average  breadth,  about 
100  miles.  It  receives  nearly  all  the  great  rivers  of  Swe- 
den and  Finland.  On  its  shores  arc  the  towns  of  Abo.Vasa, 
Uleiborg,  Torne4,  Piteil,  Umeil,  Herncisand,  and  Gefle. 

Gulf  of  Cabes,  k^'b^s,  or  more  correctly  gi'b^s  (ano. 
Syr'tit  Mi'nor),  an  inlet  of  the  Mediterranean,  on  theN.E. 
coast  of  Africa,  between  the  islands  of  Kerkini  and  Jerba. 
Lat.  about  34°  N.;  Ion.  from  10°  to  11°  E.  On  its  shores 
are  the  towns  of  Cabes,  or  Kh.abs,  and  Sfax. 

Gulf  of  Califor'nia,  or  Sea  of  Cor'tes  (Spanish 
pron.  koR-tSs')  (Sp.  Mar  Bermejo,  maR  B^R-md'Ho;  i.e., 
"red  sea"),  an  arm  of  the  Pacific,  between  lat.  23°  and  32° 
30'  N.,  Ion.  107°  and  114°  W.,  separating  the  peninsula  of 
California  on  the  W.  from  Sonoraand  Cinaloa  (Mexico)  on 
the  E.  Length,  about  700  miles  ;  breadth  varies  from  40  to 
100  miles.  Its  coast  is  irregular,  forming  on  both  sides 
many  small  bays  or  gulfs.  It  contains  numerous  islands; 
and  at  its  N.  extremity  it  receives  the  river  Colorado.  The 
Tillages  of  Loreto,  La  Paz,  and  Guaymos  are  on  its  shores. 
It  has  long  been  noted  for  its  pearl-fishery. 

Gulf  of  Cambay,  kam^b^',  lies  on  the  W.  coast  of 
India,  S.  and  E.  of  the  Kattywar  Peninsula,  between  lat. 
21°  5'  and  22°  17'  N.  and  Ion.  72°  19'  and  72°  51'  E.  Length, 
72  miles;  breadth,  32  miles  at  entrance.  The  tides  arc  ex- 
tremely rapid,  and  their  rise  and  fall  great.  It  receives  the 
rivers  Nerbudda,  Dhadar,  and  Mhye,  or  Maby,  from  the  E., 
the  Saberrauttee  from  the  N.,  and  the  Bhiular  from  the  W. 

Gulf  of  Campeachy,  kam-pee'ohe,  a  name  applied 
to  that  part  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  which  is  enclosed  by  the 
Mexican  states  Yucatan,  Campeachy,Tabasco,  and  Vera  Cruz. 

Gulf  of  Cariaco,  ki-ree-i'ko,  on  the  coast  of  Vene- 
zuela, is  40  miles  in  length  from  W.  to  E.,  by  10  miles  in  its 
greatest  breadth.     It  h;is  richly-wooded  shores. 

Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  kar-pcn-t4're-a,  a  largo  gulf, 
indenting  deeply  the  N.  coast  of  Australia,  between  Capes 
Arnhcm  and  York.  Average  length  and  breadth,  about  350 
miles  each.      It  contains  Grootc  Eyiandt,  Wellesley,  and 


many  other  islands.  Its  E.  coast  was  discovore<l  by  a  Dutch 
oommandor  in  1606,  this  being  the  first  authenticated  dis- 
covery of  any  part  of  the  Australian  continent. 

Gulf  of  Castel-a-ittare,  k&s-tdr-il-m&'r&,  an  ex- 
tensive bay  of  Sicily,  on  its  N.  coast,  about  lat.  38°  10'  N. 
and  Ion.  13°  E.,  16  miles  W.  of  Palermo.  Its  entrance  is 
bounded  by  Capes  St.  Vito  and  Uomo-Morto. 

Gulf  of  Catania,  k&-t&'ne-&,  an  inlet  of  the  Medi- 
terranean, on  the  E.  coast  of  Sicily,  extending  from  La 
Trezza  Bay,  near  Aci  Reale,  to  Capo  Santa  Croce,  near 
Agosta,  a  distance  of  18  miles.  It  receives  tho  Giarretta 
River;  and  the  city  of  Catania  and  towns  of  Custello  d'Aoi, 
Lenza,  and  La  Bruca  are  on  its  shores. 

Gulf  of  Cattaro,  or  Bocca  di  Cattaro,  bok'k& 
de  k&t't&-ro,  a  tortuous  inlet  of  the  Adriatic,  at  the  S. 
extremity  of  the  coast  of  Dalmatia,  30  miles  in  length, 
consisting  of  3  basins  connected  by  straits.  It  is  the  best 
harbor  in  the  Adriatic.  Tho  towns  of  Cattaro,  Costel 
Nuovo,  Perasto,  and  Dobrota  are  on  its  shores. 

Gulf  of  Cheskaya.    See  Chgskava. 

Gulf  of  Conchagua,  kon-ch&'gw&,  or  Fonscca, 
fon-sd'kil,  an  inlet  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  between  tho  states 
of  San  Salvador  and  Nicaragua,  is  40  miles  in  breadth. 

Gulf  of  Contcssa.    See  Gulf  ok  Ouphaxo. 

Gulf  of  Corcobndo  or  Corcovado,  kor-ko-vi'- 
do,  on  the  W.  coast  of  South  America,  between  the  S.  part 
of  the  island  of  Chiloo  and  tho  mainland. 

Gulf  of  Cor'inth,  or  Gulf  of  Lcpan'to  (ano.  Co- 
rinthi'acut  Si'nnn),  an  arm  of  tho  Mediterranean,  extending 
into  the  centre  of  Independent  Greece,  and  separating  tho 
Morea  on  tho  S.  from  Ilellas  on  the  N.  Length,  from  AV. 
to  E.,  75  miles;  average  breadth,  15  miles.  It  communi- 
cates northward  with  the  Gulf  of  Patras  by  tho  Strait  of 
Lcpanto.  The.shores  are  highly  picturesque,  and  in  many 
parts  very  fertile ;  around  them  are  the  towns  of  Lcpanto, 
Galaxidi,  Livadostro,  Corinth,  and  Vostizza. 

Gulf  of  Cos,  called  also  Gulf  of  Boo^droom'(anc. 
Certxm'tctt*  Si'nua),  on  the  coast  of  Anatolia,  near  the  island 
of  Cos,  is  17  miles  wide  at  its  entrance,  and  extends  inland 
52  miles. 

Gulf  of  Cutch,  on  the  W.  coast  of  India,  S.  of  the 
Cutch  Peninsula  and  N.  of  that  of  Kattj'war.  It  is  con- 
tinuous eastward  with  the  Runn  of  Cutch. 

Gulf  of  Dant'zic,  in  East  and  West  Prussia,  is  an 
inlet  of  the  Baltic,  65  miles  in  breadth  at  its  entrance.  It 
is  separated  from  the  Frische-IIaff  by  the  Frische-Nchrung, 
a  long  narrow  tongue  of  land  on  the  S.E.  On  it  are  the 
towns  of  Pillau,  Putzig,  and  Ilela. 

Gulf  of  Darien,  di-ree-en',  a  portion  of  the  Carib- 
bean Sea,  republic  of  Colombia,  in  lat.  9°  N.  and  Ion.  77° 
W.,  having  W.  the  Isthmus  of  Darien  or  Panama.  At  its 
S.  extremity  an  inlet,  termed  the  Bay  of  Choco,  receives 
the  river  Atrato. 

Gulf  of  Exmouth.    See  Exmouth  Gulf. 

Gulf  of  Florida.    See  Bahama  Channel. 

Gulf  of  Gaeta,  g&-4't&,  an  inlet  of  the  Mediter- 
ranean, on  the  W.  coast  of  Italy.  Lg,t.  41°  N.;  Ion.  13° 
40'  E.     On  its  N.E.  side  it  receives  the  river  Garigliano. 

Gulf  of  Gastouni  or  Gastuni,  gis-too'nee,  a  bay 
in  tho  Morea,  opposite  Zante.  between  Capes  Kurnia  and 
Skaphidia,  and  receiving  the  Gastouni  River  (anc.  Pcne'nt), 

Gulf  of  Genoa,  jen'o-a,  a  wide  bay  of  the  Mediter- 
ranean, N.  of  Corsica  and  S.  of  Liguria,  in  Italy,  forming 
an  angle,  near  the  summit  of  which  Genoa  is  situated.  Tho 
Bay  of  Spczia  is  its  chief  inlet. 

Gulf  of  Geor'gia,  an  inlet  of  the  North  Pacific  Ocean, 
separating  Vancouver  Island  from  the  mainland  of  British 
Columbia.  It  communicates  with  the  Pacific  Ocean  by 
Queen  Charlotte's  Sound,  from  which  it  extends  southeast- 
ward to  the  Strait  of  Juan  de  Fuca  and  Puget  Sound.  It 
is  about  250  miles  long  and  30  miles  wide. 

Gulf  of  Giova,  Anatolia.    See  Gulf  of  Cos. 

Gulf  of  Grimaud,  gree^mo'  (anc.  Sambraeita'mit  Si'' 
«u»),  an  inlet  of  the  Mediterranean,  on  the  S.  coast  of  France, 
department  of  Var,  called  also  the  Gulf  of  Saint-Tropez. 

Gulf  of  Guayaquil,  gwi-i-keel',  an  inlet  of  the  Pa- 
cific, in  Ecuador,  mostly  between  lat.  2°  and  4°  S.  and  Ion. 
80°  and  81°  W.  It  receives  the  Guayas,  Daule,  and  Tumbcz 
Rivers,  and  contains  the  islands  of  Puna  and  Santa  Clara. 

Gulf  of  Guinea,  ghin'ee,  a  gulf  formed  by  the  At- 
lantic Ocean,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Africa,  between  lat.  6°  20' 
N.  and  1°  S.  and  Ion.  7°  30'  W.  and  10°  E.  It  forms  on  the 
N.  and  E.  the  Bights  of  Benin  and  Biafra,  which  are  sepa- 
rated by  the  delta  of  the  Quorra  or  Niger.  The  principal 
islands  in  the  gulf  are  Fernando  Po,  Prince's  Island,  St. 
Thomas,  and  Annobon. 

Gulf  of  Iskanderoon.    See  Bat  of  Iskanderooij 


GUL 


1337 


GUL 


Gulf  of  Ismeed  (or  Ismid),  is'meed'  (ane.  Aatace'nut 
Si'nas),  an  inlet  forming  tho  E.  extremity  of  the  Sea  of 
Marmora,  45  miles  in  length  and  25  miles  in  breadth. 

Gulf  of  Jyiginsk,  Gijighinsk,  or  G^jiginsk,  je- 
jo-ghinsk',  written  also  lyighinsk,  an  arm  of  the  Gulf  of 
Penjinsk,  from  the  Sea  of  Okhotsk,  between  lat.  60°  and 
60°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  155°  and  160°  E. 

Gulf  of  Kandalaska,  kin-di-lis'ki,  a  gulf  of  North 
Russia,  formed  by  the  W.  part  of  the  White  Sea.  It  pene- 
trates deeply  into  Russian  Lapland.  Length,  130  miles; 
average  breadth,  40  miles. 

Gulf  of  Kerkinit,  k5r-ko-nit',  or  Kerkinet,  kSr- 
ke-n5t'  (anc.  Cerciiie'tis  Si'nuaf),  an  inlet  of  tho  Black  Sea, 
on  the  X.W.  side  of  the  Crimea. 

Gulf  of  Kolokythia  or  Colokythia,  ko-lo-ke-thee'S, 
(ano.  Lnco'nicm  Si'itus),  called  also  tho  Gulf  of  Mara- 
thonisi,  a  gulf  of  Greece,  in  the  S.  part  of  the  Morea. 

Gulf  of  Ko'ron,  or  Gulf  of  Kalamata,  ki-lA- 
ml'ti,  a  gulf  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  Morea,  Greece,  having 
Messenia  on  the  W.  and  Laconia  on  the  E. 

Gulf  of  Kos,  Anatolia.    See  Gulp  op  Cos. 

Gulf  of  Lagos,  li'gos,  a  gulf  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Eoumelia,  88  miles  S.W.  of  Adrianople. 

Gulf  of  Lamia,  li-mee'i  (or  Zeitoun,  zi-toon') 
(anc.  Mali'acus  Si'nua),  an  inlet  on  the  E.  coast  of  Greece, 
joining  on  tho  S.E.  the  Channel  of  Talanda  and  on  the  N.E. 
the  Channel  of  Trikeri.  It  receives  tho  river  Ilellada  (anc. 
Sper' chilis),  and  on  its  S.  shore  are  the  plain  and  pass  of 
Thermopylfe. 

Gull  of  Leao-Tong,  lA-i'o-tong,  an  inlet  of  the  Yel- 
low Sea,  is  150  miles  long  and  from  70  to  120  miles  broad. 

Gulf  of  Lepanto,  Greece.    See  Gulf  of  Corinth. 

Gulf  of  Livonia,  Russia.     See  Gulf  of  Riga. 

Gulf  of  Lyons,  li'onz  (anc.  Gal' liens  Si'nns;  Fr. 
Gol/e  du  Lion,  golf  dii  lee'dx«',  i.e.,  "gulf  of  the  lion"),  a 
wide  bay  of  the  Mediterranean,  washing  most  of  the  S. 
coast  of  France.  Tho  coast  is  very  much  diversified,  but 
along  some  parts  are  extensive  lagoons  and  low  islands.  It 
receives  the  Rhone,  Orbe,  Aude,  and  Tet  Rivers.  On  it 
are  the  towns  of  Marseilles,  Cctte,  and  Port  Vendres. 

Gulf  of  Manaar,  ml-n&R',  an  inlet  of  the  Indian 
Ocean,  between  Ceylon  and  the  S.  extremity  of  India,  120 
miles  in  width  at  its  entrance,  and  separated  northward 
from  Palk's  Strait  by  the  islands  of  Ramisseram  and  Ma- 
naar and  a  reef  termed  Adam's  Bridge. 

Gulf  of  Manfrcdo'nia  (anc.  U'rias  >S't'«i(«),an  inlet 
of  the  Adriatic  Sea,  in  South  Italy,  provinces  of  Foggia 
and  Bari,  about  15  miles  in  length,  and  30  miles  wide  at 
its  entrance,  S.  of  the  Garganian  Promontory. 

Gulf  of  Maracaybo,  mar-i-ki'bo  (Sp.  Golfo  de  Ma- 
racayho,  gol'fo  dd.  mi-ri-ki'bo),  an  inlet  of  tho  Caribbean 
Sea,  bounded  eastward  by  the  peninsula  of  Paraguana,  im- 
mediately S.  of  which  is  that  part  of  it  called  El  Golfete. 
It  extends  N.  and  S.  about  75  miles ;  extreme  breadth,  about 
150  miles.     It  contains  several  small  islands. 

Gulf  of  Marathonisi.    See  Gulf  of  Kolokythia. 

Gulf  of  BlarHaban',  an  inlet  of  the  Bay  of  Bengal, 
between  lat.  14°  and  17°  N.  and  Ion.  94°  and  98°  E.,  having 
N.  British  Burmah  and  E.  the  British  Tenasserim  provinces. 
It  receives  the  Irrawaddy,  Setang,  and  Salwin  Rivers,  and 
on  its  E.  coast  is  the  town  of  Amherst. 

Gulf  of  Mex'ico,  a  large  indentation  on  the  E.  coast 
of  North  America,  washing  the  shores  of  Mexico  and  the 
United  States,  measuring  about  1000  miles  from  E.  to  AV. 
and  800  miles  from  N.  to  S. ;  estimated  area,  800,000  square 
miles.  It  is  partly  formed  by  tho  peninsulas  of  Florida 
and  Yucatan,  nearly  in  a  line  between  which  lies  the  island 
of  Cuba,  leaving  a  communication  on  its  N.  with  the  At- 
lantic through  the  Florida  Channel,  and  on  its  S.  with  the 
Caribbean  Sea  through  tho  Channel  of  Yucatan.  It  re- 
ceives a  number  of  important  rivers,  the  principal  of  which 
are  the  Mississippi  and  the  Rio  Grande.  The  gulf  is  free 
from  banks,  and  contains  only  a  few  small  rocky  islands  on 
tbfc  coasts  of  Yucatan,  with  the  Florida  Reef  near  its  E. 
extremity.  The  shores  are  low,  and  generally  lined  with  flat 
sanJy  islands,  not  far  from  the  land,  and  numerous  lagoons. 
There  are  few  harbors,  and  the  rivers  which  fall  into  it  are 
obstructed  by  bars  at  their  mouth,  which  render  them  all, 
except  the  Mississippi,  nearly  inaccessible  for  vessels  of 
large  draught.  A  current  of  water  entering  the  gulf  from 
.the  Caribbean  Sea  is  soon  divided  into  two  portions,  the 
one  running  E.  along  the  coast  of  Cuba,  tho  other  W.,  in  a 
curved  line  through  the  middle  of  the  gulf,  round  towards 
the  Florida  Channel,  where  it  meets  the  other  current,  and 
the  two  united  form  the  Gulf  Stream.  The  temperature  of 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico  is  86°  in  summer,  or  6°  higher  than 
that  of  the  ocean  in  tho  same  parallel.    At  high  tide  the 


Pacific  rises  several  feet  above  the  level  of  the  gulf,  and  at 
low  water  it  falls  as  far  below  it. 

Gulf  of  Milazzo,  me-lit'so,  Sicily,  extends  16  miles 
E.  of  tho  town  of  Milazzo,  and  has  been  the  theatre  of 
many  engagements  in  ancient  and  modern  times. 

Gulf  of  Nanplia,  naw'ple-a,  or  Napoli,  ni'po-le 
(ano.  Argol'icus  Si'nus),  an  inlet  of  the  iEgean  Sea,  Greece, 
between  the  two  E.  arms  of  the  Morea.  Length,  30  miles ; 
breadth,  20  miles  at  its  entrance.  It  contains  several  small 
islands,  the  chief  being  Spezzia,  at  its  mouth.  It  receives 
the  Xeria  River,  on  which  Argos  is  situated. 

Gulf  of  Obi,  o'beo  or  ob'9,  the  wide  estuary  of  the 
Obi  River,  in  Siberia,  forming  an  inlet  of  the  Arctic  Ocean, 
between  lat.  67°  30'  and  72°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  72°  and  77°  E. 
It  receives  the  Obi  at  its  S.E.  extremity,  and  on  its  E.  it  has 
an  arm  called  Tazovsk  Bay. 

Gulf  of  Onega,  o-ni'gS,,  the  southernmost  portion  of 
tho  White  Sea,  mostly  between  lat.  63°  50'  and  65°  N.,  Ion. 
34°  30'  and  38°  E.  Length,  about  90  miles.  At  its  mouth 
is  the  island  of  Solovetskoi. 

Gulf  of  Oristano,  o-ris-ti'no,  in  the  island  of  Sar- 
dinia, between  Capes  Frasca  and  San  Marco.  It  is  10  miles 
in  length  by  5  miles  in  breadth,  and  receives  the  river 
Oristano,  which  enters  it  after  a  S.AV.  course  of  80  miles. 

Gulf  of  Or'mus,  a  term  sometimes  applied  to  the 
S.E.  portion  of  the  Persian  Gulf. 

Gulf  of  Orphano,  or'fi-no,  called  also  Gulf  of 
Contes'sa  (anc.  Strymon'icus  Si'nua),  a  gulf  of  the  iEgean 
Sea,  N.AV.  of  Mount  Athos.     Length,  about  20  miles. 

Gulf  of  Palae^ocas'tro,  an  inlet  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Crete. 

Gulf  of  Pal'mas,agulf  on  tbeS.W.  coastof  the  island 
of  Sardinia,  between  this  island  and  Antioco. 

Gulf  of  Panama,  pin-a-mi',  an  inlet  of  the  Pacifio 
Ocean,  in  the  republic  of  Colombia,  on  the  S.  side  of  tho 
Isthmus  of  Panama,  between  lat.  7°  and  9°  N.  and  Ion. 
78'''  and  80°  25'  W.  Length  and  breadth  at  tho  entrance, 
about  120  miles  each.  Its  'V^.  part  is  called  the  Gulf  of 
Piirita;  on  its  E.  side  is  the  Gulf  of  San  Miguel.  The 
Gulf  of  Panama  contains  the  Pearl  Islands. 

Gulf  of  Paria,  pd'rc-i.  in  Venezuela,  is  an  inlet  of 
the  Caribbean  Sea,  between  tho  island  of  Trinidad  and  tho 
mainland,  lat.  10°-10°  40'  N.,  Ion.  62°  W.  Length,  100 
miles.     It  receives  several  arms  of  the  Orinoco. 

Gulf  of  Patras,  pi-triss',  an  inlet  of  the  Ionian  Sea, 
having  the  Morea  on  tho  S.  and  Acarnania  and  iEtoIia  on 
tho  N.  Length,  22  miles;  greatest  breadth,  13  miles.  It 
leads  into  tho  Corinthian  Gulf  by  the  Strait  of  Lepanto. 

Gulf  of  Patti,  pdt'tec,  a  semicircular  bay  of  Sicily, 
20  miles  across,  between  the  promontory  of  Milazzo  and 
Cape  Calava.  On  a  headland  on  its  S.  side  are  cpnsiderablo 
remains  of  the  ancient  Tyn'daris. 

Gulf  of  Pe-Chee-Lee  (Chee-Lec,  or  Chili), 
an  inlet  of  the  Yellow  Sea,  between  lat.  37°  10'  and  39°  20' 
N.  and  Ion.  118°  and  121°  E.,  communicating  N.  with  the 
Gulf  of  Leao-Tong,  and  E.  with  tho  Yellow  Sea,  bounded 
on  other  sides  by  the  Chinese  provinces  of  Pe-Chee-Lee  and 
Shan-Toong.  Length  and  breadth,  about  150  miles  each. 
It  receives  the  Pei-IIo  River  on  tho  AV.,  the  Iloang-IIo  on 
tho  S.AA''.,  and  the  Chan-Tou  on  the  N. 

Gulf  of  Pe&as,  pSn'y&s,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Patago- 
nia. Lat.  47°  30'  S. ;  Ion.  75°  AV.  In  it  are  the  Guaiancco 
Islands. 

Gulf  of  Penjinsk,  p5n-jinsk',  a  gulf  of  Siberia,  on 
tho  N.E.  side  of  tho  Sea  of  Okhotsk,  formed  on  the  AV.  by 
a  peninsula  which  separates  it  from  the  Gulf  of  Jijiginsk. 
It  is  about  150  miles  long,  by  30  miles  broad. 

Gulf  of  Perekop,  p3R'?-kop',  an  inlet  of  the  Sea 
of  Azof,  on  the  N.AV.  side  of  the  Crimea.  Length,  70  miles. 
The  Isthmus  of  Perekop  separates  it  from  the  Sivash. 

Gulf  of  Quarnero,  kwan-nd'ro,  in  tho  Adriatic  Sea, 
between  Istria  and  the  Hungarian  coast,  is  15  miles  in 
length  and  in  breadth.  It  is  nearly  enclosed  seaward  by 
the  islands  of  Cherso  and  Veglia,  and  communicates  with 
the  Adriatic  by  3  channels. 

Gulf  of  Riga,  ree'gi,  or  Livonia,  le-vo'ne-A,  an 
inlet  of  the  Baltic  Sea,  in  Russia,  between  Livonia  and  Cour- 
land.  It  extends  from  lat.  57°  to  58°  30'  N.,  and  from  Ion. 
22  to  24°  20'  E.  Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  100  miles ;  breadth, 
80  miles.  The  island  of  Oesel  covers  almost  all  its  entrance. 
It  receives  the  Diina,  Aa,  and  Fcnnern  Rivers. 

Gulf  of  Saint  George,  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantio 
Ocean,  on  the  B.  coast  of  Patagonia,  between  lat.  45°  and 
47°  S.  and  Ion.  65°  and  67°  AV. 

Gulf  of  Saint  Law'rence,  a  large  inlet  of  the  At- 
lantio Ocean,  in  North  America,  surrounded  by  the  British 
colonial .  provinces  Quebec,  New  Brunswick,  Nova  Scotia» 


otrt 


1338 


dUL 


and  Newfoandland.  Tt  eommnnlctitos  on  the  E.  with  the 
ocean  bj  3  paasages,  the  northi'rnmost  being  the  Strait  of 
Belle  I»loandthe(ionthernino!>t  thu  Out  uf  Cnnso.  Average 
length  and  breadth,  280  miles  each.  On  its  W.  «ide  are  the 
Bays  of  Cbaleurfl  and  Miraniichi  and  the  estuary  of  the  St. 
Lawrence  Kiver.  It  contains  Anticosti,  Prince  Edward, 
the  Ma^nlon  and  many  other  islands.  Its  fisheries  are 
highly  important. 

iiuif  of  Salerno,  g&-lAr'no  (anc.  Pmtta'nui  Si'nui), 
an  inlet  of  the  Moilitorranenn,  in  Italy,  separated  from  the 
Bay  of  Naples  by  Cape  Campanella.  Breadth,  30  miles. 
It  receives  the  river  Sale,  and  on  its  shores  are  Salerno, 
Amalfi,  and  the  remains  of  I'eettum. 

Gulf  of  Salonica,  sl-lo-nee'ki  (anc.  Therma'icui  or 
rkermie'ui  Si'nut),  an  arm  of  the  Mgcan  Sea,  between  the 
coast  of  Thessaly  and  the  peninsulas  of  Chalcidice  and 
Cassandra.  Length,  70  miles ;  breadth  at  its  entrance,  30 
miles.  It  receives  the  Salembria  (anc.  Pene'u*),  Indje- 
Kara-Soo,  and  Vardar  (anc.  Ax'tut)  Rivers. 

Gulf  of  Saros,  cl'ros,  an  inlet  of  the  ^gean  Sea,  in 
European  Turltey,  separated  from  the  Hellespont  by  the 
peninsula  of  Qallipoli.  Length,  40  miles ;  breadth,  20  miles. 
Near  its  head  arc  the  islets  of  Saros. 

Gulf  of  Sassari,  s&s'sjl-re,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Sar- 
dinia, receives  the  rivers  Turritano  and  Selema. 

<>ulf  of  Scala  Nova,  6k&'l&  no'v&,  in  Asia  Minor, 
is  4.5  miles  in  length  from  E.  to  W.,  with  an  average  breadth 
of  20  miles.  The  island  of  Samoa  forms  the  greater  part 
of  its  S.  coast. 

Gulf  of  Si^am%  between  lat.  7"  and  14°  N.  and  Ion. 
99°  and  105°  E.,  is  wholly  surrounded  by  Siam,  except  on 
the  S.,  where  it  opens  into  the  China  Sea.  Length,  500 
miles ;  breadth  at  entrance,  300  miles.  It  receives  the 
Mcnam  and  several  other  rivers. 

Golf  of  Sid'ra  (anc.  Si/r'ti»  Ma'Jor),  the  principal  inlet 
of  the  Mediterranean  on  its  African  side,  between  lat.  30° 
and  33°  N.  and  Ion.  15°  and  21°  E. 

Gulf  of  Smyrna,  smir'na  (anc.  Smymec'tis  Si'nut), 
an  inlet  of  the  ^gcan  Sea,  extends  inland ^for  45  miles ;  the 
breadth  of  its  entrance  is  22  miles.  It  has  in  most  parts 
good  anchorage,  and  ships  of  large  burden  can  anchor  close 
to  the  quays  of  Smyrna,  near  its  E.  extremity.  It  contains 
several  islands,  the  principal  of  which,  Long  or  English 
Island,  is  5  miles  in  length. 

Gulf  of  Spezia,  Italy.    See  Bay  op  Spezia. 

Gulf  of  Sqnillace,  skwil-li'chi  (anc.  Si'nus  Sqnila'- 
eitts),  an  inlet  of  the  Ionian  Sea,  near  the  S.  extremity  of 
Italy,  35  miles  wide. 

Gulf  of  Suez,  soo-5z',  the  W.  arm  of  the  Red  Sea  after 
its  bifurcation  in  lat.  28°  N.,  whence  it  extends  N.W.  to 
lat.  30°  N.  Length,  200  miles  ;  average  breadth,  30  miles. 
Its  shores  are  desert,  and  alternately  present  arid  plains  and 
rocky  headlands. 

Gulf  of  Symi,  see'mee  (anc.  Si'nut  Dor'idis),tin  inlet 
of  the  Mediterranean,  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Asia  Minor, 
bounded  by  2  long  promontories,  the  N.W.  of  which  ( Trio- 
pium  Promontorium)  separates  it  from  the  Gulf  of  Cos. 
Depth  inland,  and  breadtn  at  entrance,  about  27  miles  each. 
On  its  E.  side  are  3  subordinate  bays  (anc.  Thymnias, 
Schoenut,  and  Bubasgius).  The  shores  are  very  picturesque, 
and  on  them  are  various  cyclopean  and  other  remains. 
At  its  entrance  is  the  island  of  Symi. 

Gulf  of  Talanda,  ti-lin'di,  an  inlet  on  the  S.AV. 
side  of  the  Euripus,  in  Greece,  11  miles  in  breadth  at  its 
entrance.    It  contains  the  island  of  Talanda. 

Gulf  of  Taranto,  ti'rdn-to,  a  largo  inlet  of  the  Medi- 
terranean Sea,  bounded,  except  on  the  S.E.,  by  the  Italian 
provinces  of  Calabria,  Basilicata,  and  Lccce.  Length,  70 
miles;  breadth  of  entrance  between  Capes  Nau  and  Santa 
Maria  di  Leuca,  70  miles ;  average  breadth,  60  miles.  It 
receives  all  the  rivers  of  Basilicata,  and  the  Crati  and  Neto 
from  Calabria. 

Gulf  of  Tartary,  Asia.    See  Taurakai. 

Gulf  of  Tcheskaya.    See  Cheskaya. 

Gulf  of  Tehuantepec,  ti-win-ti-p5k',  a  bay  of  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  bounded  by  the  Mexican  states  of  Oajaca  and 
Chiapas.  Lat.  1 6°  N.,  Ion.  from  94°  to  95°  W.  It  receives 
the  river  Tehuantepec  10  miles  S.  of  the  town.  See  Te- 
huantepec. 

Gulf  of  Tlemcen,  tlfim-sin',  an  inlet  of  the  Medi- 
terranean, in  Algeria,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Tlemcen,  oppo- 
site Cape  Gata,  in  Andalusia. 

Gulf  of  Tonqain,  ton^keen',  an  inlet  of  the  China 
Sea,  surrounded  by  Tonquin,  the  Chinese  province  of 
Quang-Tong,  and  the  island  of  Hainan.  Length,  300  miles; 
average  breadth,  150  miles.  It  receives  the  Sang-Koi  ftod 
many  other  rivers,  and  contains  numerous  islands. 


Gnlf  of  Triest,  tre-ftst'  (anc.  Tergeiti'nui  5'i'n./»),  the 
head  of  the  Adriatic  Sea,  E.  of  Cope  Salvntore  (I.-tria), 
and  the  month  of  the  river  Tagliamento,  20  miles  in  length 
and  in  breadth  at  its  entrance.  It  receives  the  Isonzo  and 
the  Stella,  and  contains  the  island  of  Ora^lo. 

Gulf  of  Triste,  tris'ti,  a  bay  of  the  Caribbean  Sea, 
in  South  America,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Venezuela,  lat.  10" 
80'  N.,  and  between  Ion.  67°  30'  and  68°  30'  W. 

Gulf  of  Tnnis,  tu'niss,  on  inlet  of  the  Mcditcrraneon, 
extends  inland  for  30  miles,  between  Copes  Bon  and  Farina. 
Breadth  at  entrance,  45  miles.  It  everywhere  affords  good 
anchorage  in  from  4  to  10  fathoms  of  water,  receives  the 
river  Mejcrda,  and  has  on  its  S.W.  side  the  Goletta,  or  en- 
trance to  the  lagoon  of  Tunis,  and  the  ruins  of  Carthage. 

Gulf  of  Venice.    See  Adriatic. 

Gulf  of  Volo,  vo'lo  {anc.  Si'nui  Pelai'gictu),  an  inlet 
of  the  ^gean  Sea,  formerly  a  part  of  the  boundary  between 
Turkey  and  Greece,  bounded  E.  by  the  peninsula  of  Za- 
gora,  and  opening  southward  into  the  Channel  of  Trikcri. 
Length  and  breadth,  about  18  miles  each.  In  it  is  tho 
island  of  Trikeri. 

Gnlf  of  Xeros,  Turkey.    See  Gri,F  op  Sahos. 

Gulf  of  Yed'do,  an  inlet  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  on  the 
S.E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Hondo,  Japan.  Length,  from 
S.  to  N.,  70  miles;  breadth  at  entnince,  40  miles.  At  its 
N.  extremity  are  the  city  of  Tokio  (formerly  Yeddo)  and  the 
mouths  of  several  rivers. 

Gulf  of  Zeitonn,  Greece,    See  Gulp  op  Lamia. 

Gulf  Stream,  an  oceanic  current  of  extraordinary 
climatic  importance.  It  flows  out  of  the  Corribean  Sea, 
passes  through  the  Strait  of  Florida,  and  pursues  a  N.E. 
course  nearly  parallel  to  the  coast  of  the  United  States.  It 
is  about  50  miles  wide  at  the  narrowest  part,  nnd  runs  ot 
the  rate  of  5  miles  an  hour  near  Florida,  lot.  32°  N.  In 
proportion  as  its  volume  expands,  its  velocity  diminishes,  so 
that  the  average  rate  of  motion  is  about  35  miles  a  day,  or 
li  miles  an  hour.  On  issuing  from  the  Strait  of  Florida 
the  color  of  the  water  is  a  dark  indigo  blue,  and  the  tem- 
perature is  about  87°  Fnhr.,  which  is  gradually  reduced  as 
it  proceeds ;  but  the  temperature  of  the  Gulf  Stream  is 
everywhere  higher  than  that  of  the  adjacent  part  of  the 
ocean.  After  it  has  arrived  at  the  Bank  of  Newfoundland, 
it  turns  eastward,  crosses  the  Atlantic,  and  divides  into  two 
portions,  one  of  which  washes  the  shores  and  tempers  the 
climate  of  the  British  Islands,  on  which  tropical  fruits  have 
been  sometimes  drifted  by  this  current.  There  is  reason  to 
believe  that  the  permanent  influence  of  the  Gulf  Stream 
has  produced  the  mild  and  genial  climate  of  Western  Europe 
as  compared  with  the  climate  of  corresponding  latitudes  on 
the  W.  side  of  the  Atlantic.  In  consequence  of  this  current, 
Ireland  is  a  scene  of  perpetual  verdure,  and  the  harbors 
on  the  western  coast  of  Norway  remain  open  when  the 
more  southern  ports  of  the  Baltic  are  closed  with  ice.  Its 
average  width  is  over  300  miles. 

Gulf  Sum'mit,  a  post-hatalet  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Erie  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Deposit,  and  32  miles  E. 
by  S.  of  Binghamton.  It  has  a  church,  2  steam  saw-mills, 
and  2  stores.     It  is  about  1400  feet  above  tide-water. 

Gulgrad  Booroon,  in  Turkey.   See  Cape  Kalakria. 

Gnlgula,  Afghanistan.    See  Bamian. 

Gu'lich,  a  township  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.     Pop.  601. 

Gu'licksville,  a  hamlet  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Pult- 
ney  township,  on  Keuka  Lake. 

Gul'ledge's,  a  township  of  Anson  eo.,  N.C.   Pop.  1519. 

Gulleghem,  gul'l^h-gMm^  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
West  Flanders,  2  miles  W.  of  Courtrai.     Pop.  3400. 

Gul'ley's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  AVake  co.,  N.C. 

Gull  Island,  a  fishing  settlement  in  the  district  of  Bay 
de  Verds,  Newfoundland,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Conception 
Bay,  22  miles  from  Carbonear.     Pop.  160. 

Gull  Island,  in  the  Race,  at  the  E.  entrance  to  Long 
Island  Sound.  It  contains  a  fixed  light,  50  feet  above  the 
sea,  lat.  41°  12'  18"  N.,  Ion.  72°  6'  45"  W. 

Gul'liver  Cove,  a  village  in  Digby  co..  Nova  Scotia, 
on  Digby  Neck,  15  miles  from  Digby.     Pop.  100. 

Gull  Lake,  Minnesota,  is  in  the  S.  part  of  Cass  co., 
about  10  miles  N.  of  Crow  Wing.  It  is  nearly  9  miles 
long.  A  short  outlet  issues  from  it,  and  enters  the  Crow 
Wing  River  about  2  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Gull  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barry  co.,  Mich.,  on  Gull 
Lake,  26  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  grist-mill.     'The  lake  is  6  miles  long. 

Gnl'ly  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Coffee  eo.,  Ga. 

Gulmar,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Chelindreh. 

Gulmi,  gool'mee,  a  town  of  Nepaul,  138  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Khatmandoo.     Pop.  2500. 

Gulpen,  giil'p^n  (Fr.  Galoppe,  gi'lopp'),  a  village  vt 


GUM 


1339 


GUN 


the  Netherlands,  in  Limburg,  9  miles  E.S.B.  of  Maestricht. 
Pop.  2467. 

Cxum,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co.,  S.C. 

Ciiima,  a  town  of  China.    See  Goojia. 

Gumbinnen,  go<5in-bin'n§n,  a  town  of  East  Prussia, 
66  miles  by  r.ail  E.S.E.  of  Konigsberg.  It  has  a  gymna- 
sium, 2  hospitals,  a  public  library,  schools  of  architecture, 
manufactures  of  woollen  cloths,  .and  distilleries.    Pop.  9114. 

Gumbinnen,  a  government  of  East  Prussia,  bounded 
E.  by  Russia.  It  is  a  part  of  the  old  province  of  Lithu- 
ania.    Area,  6103  square  miles.     Pop.  754,774. 

Gnmborough,  gum'bur-riih,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex 
CO.,  Del.,  14  miles  E.S.B.  of  Laurel,  and  about  16  miles  S.E. 
of  Seaford.     It  has  2  churches. 

Gum  Branch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Onslow  co.,  N.C.,  36 
miles  S.  of  Kinston. 

Gumbut,  gum^bfit',  a  town  of  Sinde,  10  miles  E.  of 
the  Indus.     Lat.  27°  24'  N. ;  Ion.  68°  23'  E.     Pop.  3000. 

Gum  City,  Cass  oo.,  Mo.    See  Gun  City. 

Gum  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Dooly  co.,  Ga. 

Gum  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  Ky. 

Gum  Grove  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Holmes  co., 
Miss.,  on  the  Yazoo  River,  about  22  miles  N.  of  Yazoo  City. 

Gumha,  gum'hS.,  a  small  town  of  India,  on  the  S.  slope 
of  the  Himalayas,  in  lat.  31°  56'  N.,  Ion.  76°  38'  E. 

Gumiel  de  Izan,  goo-me-il'  di.  e-thin',  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  40  miles  S.  of  Burgos.     Pop.  1393. 

Gumiel  de  Mercado,  goo-me-dl  di  mdn-ki'Do,  a 
town  of  Spain,  province  of  Burgos,  6  miles  N.AV.  of  Gumiel 
de  Izan.     Pop.  1583. 

Gnmish-Khaneh,  Turkey.     See  Goomish-Khankh. 

Gum  Island,  a  station  on  the  Houston  &  Texas  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Houston,  Tex. 

Gum  Log,  a  post-office  of  Pope  co..  Ark.,  7  miles  N.E. 
of  Russellville. 

Gummersbach,  g55m'm§rs-blK^,  a  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  24  miles  E.  of  Cologne.     Pop.  2060. 

Gum  Neck,  a  post-township  of  Tyrrel  co.,  N.C.,  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  Alligator  River.  It  has  some  manu- 
■fiictures  of  lumber.     Pop.  1068. 

Gumoorjeena,  Gumurjina,  or  Ghumourdjina, 
giira-ooB-jee'nl,  written  also  Ghumnrdjina,  Komuld- 
8ina,or  Kemouldjina,a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Roumelia,  near  the  ^gean  Sea,  80  miles  S.W.  of  Adriano- 
ple.     Pop.  8000  (?). 

Gumpoldskirchen,  goom'polts-kgeRK*§n,  a  town  of 
Austria,  10  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  2103. 

Gum  Pond,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ala. 

Gumri,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Alexandropol. 

Gum  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Miss. 

Gum  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Blount  co.,  Ala.,  5  miles 
W.  of  Blountsville. 

Gum  Spring,  Loudoun  co.,  Va.    Seo  Aucola. 

Gum  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Louisa  co.,  Va. 

Gum  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Dorsey  co.,  Ark. 

Gum  Stump,  a  station  on  the  Bellefonto  &  Snow  Shoe 
Railroad,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Snow  Shoe  City,  Pa. 

Gum  Sul'phur,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rock  Castle  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  4  miles  S.E.  of 
Crab  Orchard.  It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill.  Here 
is  a  mineral  spring. 

Gumsur,  a  town  of  India.     See  GoojfstiR, 

Gum  Swamp,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  S.C. 

Gumti,  a  river  of  India.    See  GoojrxY. 

Gumtown,  Lee  co.,  Mississippi.    See  Guntowx, 

Gum  Tree,  a  post-village  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  in  High- 
land township,  37  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia,  and  a  station 
on  the  Pennsylvania  <fc  Delaware  Railroad.    It  has  a  church. 

Gumurjina,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Gumoorjeena. 

Gunabad,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Gooxabad. 

Gun  City,  or  Gum  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co., 
Mo.,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  54  miles 
AV.  of  Sedalia. 

Gnndamuck,gun'dil-miik',  a  walled  village  of  Afghan- 
istan, 28  miles  W.  of  Jelalabad. 

Gundava,  gun-di'vl,  a  town  of  Bcloochistan,  capital 
of  Cutch  Gundava,  115  miles  S.E.  of  Kelat. 

Gundava  Pass,  in  Bcloochistan.    See  Moola  Pass. 

Gnndelfingen,  gSSn'd^l-fing^fn,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in 
Swabia,  on  the  Brenz,  27  miles  N.W.  of  Augsburg.    P.  2603. 

Gnndernhausen,  go5n'd?rn-hSw*z?n,  a  village  of 
Germany,  in  Hesse,  province  of  Starkenburg.     Pop.  868. 

Gnndhara,  a  town  of  India.    See  Candhar. 

GnndischAveil,  Switzerland.    See  Gontenswejl. 

Gun'drum,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ind., 
■on  the  railroad  between  Chicago  and  Logansport,  S3  miles 
6.E.  of  the  former  city.    Here  is  a  church. 


Gnn^dnck',  or  Gandak,  gun^duk',  a  river  of  India, 
rises  in  the  Himalaya,  traverses  Nep.aul  and  Bengal,  and 
reaches  the  Ganges  at  Patna,  after  a  S.S.E.  course  of  400 
miles.  Its  upper  course  is  swift  and  turbulent,  but  ita 
lower  portion  is  very  serviceable  for  irrigation  and  boat- 
traffic  ;  but  it  mainly  flows  in  a  flat  country,  and,  although 
extensively  diked,  it  loses  much  of  its  volume  in  the  innu- 
merable spill-channels  which  issue  from  it. 

The  Little  Gunduck  flows  parallel  to  the  above,  but 
eastward  of  it,  and  joins  the  Ganges  opposite  Monghir,  It 
is  very  important  as  a  channel  of  commerce. 

Gundwana,  or  Gondwana,  gund-wi'nJ,  a  former 
country  of  India,  in  the  Deccan,  now  mostly  in  the  Central 
Provinces.  It  was  named  from  the  Gonds  (Gands  or 
Goands),  its  dominant  race,  a  rude  and  simple  people, 
Dravidians  in  blood  and  language.  Their  religious  belief 
is  mostly  of  the  simplest  kind,  but  some  are  of  the  Hindoo 
faith.  The  old  monarchs  of  Gundwana  ruled  with  much 
magnificence,  and  constructed  many  splendid  public  works, 
but  the  bulk  of  the  people  seem  to  have  been  always  de- 
graded. The  Gonds  are  often  incorrectly  confounded  with 
the  Khonds.     Their  number  is  placed  at  1,374,578. 

Gunga,  the  Hindoo  name  of  the  Ganges. 

Gunga  Bal,  gun'gd,  bil,  a  small  lake  of  Cashmere,  on 
the  Haramuck  Mountain.     Lat.  34°  25'  N.;  Ion.  74°  39'  E. 

Gnn'goh,  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Meerut  division,  dis- 
trict and  25  miles  N.E.  of  Seharunpoor.     Pop.  10,899. 

Gunieh,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Goonieh. 

Gun  Key,  a  narrow  ridge  of  coral  on  the  western  edge 
of  the  Great  Bahama  Bank.  On  its  southern  point  is  a 
light,  which  revolves  once  a  minute.  Lat.  25°  34'  30"  N.; 
Ion.  79°  18'  24"  W. 

Gun  Marsh,  a  post-office  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich. 

Gun'nison,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Colorado,  is 
drained  by  the  Grand,  Gunnison,  Dolores,  and  Uncom- 
pahgre  Rivers.  The  surface  is  mountainous.  This  county 
comprises  many  peaks  of  the  Elk  Mountains,  culminating 
in  Castle  Peak,  14,115  feet  high.  Granite  abounds  here. 
Capital,  Gunnison.     Pop.  in  1880,  8235;  in  1890,  4359, 

Gunnison,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Gunnison  co., 
Col.,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  63  miles  by  rail  E.  by 
N.  of  Montrose.  It  has  7  churches,  public  schools,  a  bank, 
2  newspaper  offices,  smelting- works,  Ac.  Pop.  in  1890, 
1105. 

Gunnison,  a  post-village  of  San  Pete  oo.,  Utah,  about 
20  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Manti.     Pop.  500. 

Gunnison  River,  Colorado,  rises  on  the  W.  slope  of 
the  Sawatch  Range,  very  near  Italian  Peak.  It  runs  west- 
ward and  northwestward  in  Lake  co..  and  unites  with  the 
Grand  River  in  lat.  39°  4'  N.,  Ion.  108°  33'  "W.  Its  length 
is  estimated  at  200  miles.  It  flows  in  several  cailons,  one  of 
which  is  about  50  miles  long  and  2500  feet  deep.  The 
walls  of  this  cafion  are  granitic. 

Gunnum,  gun'nQm,  an  island  at  the  entrance  of  the 
Persian  Gulf,  about  4  miles  long  and  1  mile  broad. 

GunongoApi,  an  island.    See  Goonong-Apeb. 

Gnnong-Benko,  goo^nong'-bSn'ko,  and  Gunonga 
Dempo,  goo'nong'-dfim'po,  the  names  of  two  mountains 
of  Sumatra. 

Gunong- Telia,  Celebes.    See  Goonong-Tella. 

Gun'plain',  a  township  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
2466.     It  contains  Plainwell. 

Gun'powder  Creek,  of  Caldwell  co.,  N.C.,  flows  into 
the  Catawba  River. 

Gun'powder  River,  Maryland,  rises  near  the  northern 
boundary  of  the  state.  It  runs  southward  and  southeast- 
ward through  Baltimore  co.,  and  enters  Chesapeake  Bay 
about  15  miles  N.E.  of  Baltimore.  The  Little  Gunpowder 
River  forms  the  boundary  between  Baltimore  and  Harford 
COS.,  and  enters  the  Gunpowder  River  about  5  miles  from 
its  mouth. 

Giins,  giins  (Hun.  Ko^zegh,  kos'sfig'),  a  town  of  Hun- 
gary, CO.  of  Eisenburg,  on  the  Giins  River,  19  miles  S.S.AV. 
of  Lake  Neusiedl.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  an  an- 
cient castle  and  a  gymnasium.     Pop.  6915. 

Gun's  Island  lies  off  the  E.  coast  of  Ireland,  in  Ulster, 
CO.  of  Down,  2}  miles  N.E.  of  Ardglass. 

Giinst&dt,  gUn'st^tt,  a  village  of  Prussia,  province  of 
Saxony,  6  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Erfurt.     Pop.  1302. 

Guns'ton,  a  post-office  of  Fairfax  co.,  Va. 

Guntersblum,  g6on't?rs-bl65m\  a  town  of  Germany, 
in  Hesse,  12  miles  N.  of  Worms.     Pop.  1951. 

Gnntersdorf,  gSSn't^rs-donP,  a  town  of  Austria,  24 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Korneuburg.     Pop.  1344. 

Guntershausen,  goon't?rs-h5w^z§n,  a  village  of  Prufr 
sia,  In  Ilesse- Nassau,  at  a  railway  junotioc,  10  miles  S.  b] 
W.  of  CasMl.    Pop.  261. 


GUN 


1340 


GUT 


Gna'tersTillet  »  poat-vlllago,  capital  of  Marshall  oo., 
Ala.,  on  the  8.  baak  of  th«  Tennoaso*  Kiver,  aboat  33  milee 
8.E.  of  Uuntsville.  Steamboata  aarigato  the  river  above 
ttud  below  tbi«  pluoe.  It  bus  3  oburobes,  a  buok,  2  news- 
paper  offices,  a  basket-factory,  Ao.     Pop.  471. 

Gnnthersfeld,  goun't^rs-fSIt^,  a  village  of  Qermany, 
in  S<]htrarxburg-Son(ior.'<hausen,  24  milos  S.E.  of  Qotha. 

CiunUoor',  or  <inntur,  gfin-toor',  a  town  of  India, 
oapiUl  of  Ountoor  district.     Lat.  16°  21'  N.;  Ion.  80°  31'  E. 

Guntoor,  or  Gantur,  a  district  of  India,  Madras 
proiiiJonoy,  bordering  on  the  Day  of  Bengal,  and  having 
on  the  N.  the  river  Kistnah.  Area,  4960  square  milos. 
It  is  low  and  sandy,  except  in  the  W.,  but  has  a  productive 
•oil.     Capital,  Guntoor.     Pop.  570,039. 

Gan'town,  a  post-village  of  Lee  oo..  Miss.,  on  the 
Mobile  A,  Ohio  Railroad,  37  miles  S.  of  Corinth.  It  has  a 
church,  a  dmg-store,  and  S  general  stores.     Pop.  240. 

Guntramsdorff  guuu'tr&ms-doRr,  a  town  of  Austria, 
on  tho  Schwachat,  18  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Vienna.    Pop.  2441. 

GUnzburg,  gUnts'bOuRO,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  30  miles 
by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Augsburg,  on  tho  Danube,  hero  crossed 
by  a  bridge  and  joined  by  tho  GUns.  It  is  walled,  and  has 
a  tine  castle,  a  grammar-school,  and  a  seminary.    Pup.  330S. 

Giinzburgf  or  O'ber-GUnzburg,  a  village  of  Bava- 
ria, 42  milee  S.S.W.  of  Augsburg.     Pop.  1327. 

Gunzcnhaasen,  gudnts'^n-how^z^n,  a  town  of  Bava- 
ria, on  the  Altmiihl,  at  a  railway  junction,  37  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Nuremberg.     Pop.  3424. 

Gura^  goo'ri,  a  town  of  Africa,  colony  of  the  Gold  Coast, 
on  the  Gura  River,  7o  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Capo  Coast  Castle. 

Gurage,  or  Gurague,  goo-r&'gd,  written  also  Ga- 
ragie,  a  country  of  Northeast  Africa,  in  Abyssinia,  S.  of 
Shoa,  to  which  it  is  tributary,  in  lat.  about  8°  N.,  Ion.  89° 
£.     It  contains  tho  large  lake  Zooai. 

Gardan  Dewar,  gur-din'  di-wan',  a  village  of  Af- 
ghanistan, near  the  scarce  of  tho  Ilelmund,  in  lat.  33°  32' 
N.,  Ion.  69°  12'  E.     Elevation,  10,076  feet. 

Gurdaspur,  a  province  of  India.     See  Goordaspoor. 

Gurdau,  gooR'duw,  or  Kurdan,  kooR'd6w,  a  village 
of  Moravia,  circle  of  Brilnn.     Pop.  960. 

Gnrdon,  or  Garuduu,  Thibet.    See  Garoo. 

Gur'don,  a  post-village  of  Clark  co..  Ark.,  15  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Arkadelphin.  It  bos  6  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  manufactures  of  lumber,  Ac.     Pop.  802. 

GurdschistaUf  or  Guijistau,  Asia.    See  Georgia. 

Gurdschy,  goord'shee*  or  gurd'shee,  a  village  of  Asia, 
khanat  and  65  miles  N.N.E.  of  Khiva. 

Gurein,  goo'rine  (Moravian,  Kurzin,  koor'zeen),  a  town 
of  Moravia,  9  miles  N.  of  Briinn.     Pop.  1250. 

Gnrgan,  Persia.     See  Goorgaux. 

Gurguea,  a  river  of  Brazil.     See  Goroguea. 

Giirha^  or  Garha,giir'h&,  written  also  Gurrah,  g&r'- 
ri,  a  town  of  India,  district  and  5  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Jub- 
bulpoor.     Pop.  5580. 

Gurhwal,  Gnrwal,  Garhwal,giiR'wai',  or  Tchri, 
teh'rce',  a  native  state  of  India,  in  tho  llimalaya,  traversed 
by  the  head-streams  of  the  Ganges,  which  river  bounds  it 
on  the  S.E.,  the  district  of  Dehra  Doon  bounding  it  on  the 
S.  Area,  4180  square  miles.  Snow  abounds  in  winter,  and 
the  climate  is  so  varied  that  both  tropical  products  and  the 
crops  of  temperate  regions  are  produced.  It  is  subject  to  a 
rajah  who  is  under  British  direction.     Pop.  about  150,000. 

Gnrhwal,  Gunvhal,  or  Qritish  Gurhwal,  a  dis- 
trict of  tho  Kumaon  division,  Xorth-West  Provinces,  India, 
adjoining  tho  state  of  Gurhwal  on  tho  S.E.  Area,  5500 
■quaro  miles.     Capital,  Serinagur.     Pop.  310,282. 

Guria,  or  GaricI,  Asia.    See  Gooriel. 

Guriev,  or  Gnrjew,  Russia.    See  Gooriey. 

Gnrk,  goonk,  the  name  of  two  rivers  of  Austria,  one 
joining  the  Drave  10  miles  E.  of  Klagenfurth,  after  a  course 
of  65  miles,  and  the  other  joining  the  Save  22  miles  N.E. 
of  Ncustadtl,  after  a  course  of  50  miles. 

Gtirk,  a  village  of  Carinthia,  on  a  river  of  the  same 
name,  49  miles  N.  of  Laybaoh.  Pop.  577.  It  gives  name  to 
a  Catholic  bishop's  see. 

Gnrkfeld,  goonk'fSIt,  or  Kersko,  k^R'sko  (anc.  No- 
vioilunum  ?),  a  town  of  Camiola,  on  the  Save,  18  miles  N.E. 
of  Ncustadtl.     Pop.  700. 

Gnrlan,  giirMan'  or  g55r-l&n',  a  town  of  Asia,  khanat 
and  36  miles  N.N.E.  of  Khiva. 

Gtir'ley«  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Memphis  <Jb  Charleston  Railroad,  17  miles  E.  of  Hunts ville. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  ko.     Pop.  570. 

Gur'leyville,  a  post-village  of  Tolland  co.,  Conn.,  in 
Mans6eld  township,  7^  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Willimantic. 
It  has  a  church  and  2  silk-miMs. 

Germuktesar,  India.    See  Gbubhooktesitb. 


Gur^nee')  a  post-hamlet  of  Lakeco.,  III.,  on  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad.  38  miles  N.  of  Chicago. 

Gur'net  Point«  at  the  N.  side  of  the  entrance  to 
Plymouth  harbor,  Mass.  Near  its  extremity  are  two  fl.xed 
lights,  1 1^  feet  apart,  and  86  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 
Lat.  42°  0'  6"  N. ;  Ion.  70°  36'  48"  W. 

Gur'neyville,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co,,  0.,  in  Lib- 
erty township,  6  milos  N.W.  of  Wilmington.  It  has  a  wagon- 
factory. 

Gurnndy,  or  Gaurnadi,  gfir-niid'ee,  a  town  of  Ben- 
gal, district  of  Backergunge,  55  miles  S.  of  Daooa.  ' 

Gurrah,  a  town  of  India.    See  Gurba. 

Gurrakota,  or  Gurracotta,  giir-r&-kot't&,  a  town 
of  India,  on  the  Sonar,  115  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bhopaul. 

Gurrumconda,  India.    See  Gooruuccnda. 

Gursk,  gooRsk,  an  island  off  the  W.  coast  of  Norway,  is 
lat.  62°  25'  N,,  Ion.  5°  35'  E.  It  is  about  12  miles  long  by 
9  miles  broad. 

Gursuf,  or  Goursonf,  Russia.    See  Goor.soof. 

Gurun,  Gurin  (?),  orGharun,  goo'roon'  or  goo^rfin', 
a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  84  miles  E.N.E,  of  Kaisarceyah. 

Gurnpa,  guo-roo-p&',  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  200 
milos  W.  of  I'ard,  on  tlie  right  bank  of  the  Amazon. 

Gurupatubaf  goo-roo-pi-too'bH,  a  river  of  Brazil, 
joins  the  Amazon  at  Montalegre,     Length,  240  miles. 

Gurapi,  goo-roo-pee',  a  river  of  Brazil,  state  of  Pari, 
enters  the  Bay  of  Gurupi  (Atlantic)  after  a  N.  course  esti- 
mated at  250  miles. 

Gurupi,  a  town  of  Brazil,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Gurupi, 
near  its  mouth,  55  miles  E.  of  Braganza. 

Gurutuba,  goo-roo-too'b&,  a  river  of  Brazil,  joins  the 
Rio  Verde,  an  affluent  of  the  Sao  Francisco,  after  a  course 
of  140  miles. 

Gnrwal,  a  province  of  India.    See  Gurhwal. 

Gurzerawale,  India.    See  Gujurc-walla. 

GuSf  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Goos. 

Guspini,  goos-pee'nec,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sar- 
dinia, 34  miles  N.W.  of  Cagliari.  Jt  has  mines  of  argen- 
tiferous lead.     Pop.  4338. 

Gussago,  goos-si'go,  a  village  of  Italy,  5  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Brescia.     Pop.  4334. 

Giissbach)  gils'b^K,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  circle  of  Up- 
per Franconia,  N.  of  Bamberg.  Pop.  of  Breiten-Giissboch, 
696;  of  Hohen-Gussbach,  219. 

Gussenstadt,  goos's?n-stitt\  a  village  of  Wlirtemberg, 
S.AV.  of  lleidenheim.     Pop.  1004. 

Gus'settviile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Live  Oak  co.,  Tex., 
100  miles  S.S.E.  of  San  Antonio.     It  has  a  church. 

Giissing,  or  Gissiug,  gees'sing,  or  Nemeth-Uj var, 
ni'mfit'-oo-e-vin',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Eisenburg,  16 
miles  S.W.  of  Stein-am-Anger.     Pop.  2118. 

GussnitZ)  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Hussixetz. 

Gussola,  goos'so-li,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  IS 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Cremona.     Pop.  3309. 

Gustavia,  goos-t&'ve-&,  the  capital  town  of  the  French 
island  of  St.  Bartholomew,  West  Indies,  on  its  S.W.  coast, 
with  a  good  harbor.     Pop.  793. 

Gusta'vus,  a  post-hamlet  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  in  Gus- 
tavus  township,  25  miles  N.  of  Youngstown.  It  has  an 
academy.  The  township  has  2  churches  and  a  pop.  of  938. 
Butter  and  cheese  are  its  staple  products. 

Gusten,  goos't^n,  a  town  of  Germany,  duchy  of  Anhalt. 
5  miles  AV.  of  Bernburg.     Pop.  2761. 

Giistrow,  giis'trov,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Mecklen- 
burg-Schwerin,  on  the  Nebel,  and  on  a  railway,  34  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Schwerin.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls.  The  prin- 
cipal buildings  are  a  cathedral,  an  ancient  castle,  now  a 
workhouse,  a  house  of  correction,  and  the  governor's 
house.  It  has  considerable  commercial  importance,  and 
from  50  to  60  factories  of  various  kinds,  comprising  many 
breweries  and  distilleries.     Pop.,  with  suburbs,  10,923. 

Gutenstein,  goo't?n-stine*,  a  village  of  Lower  Austria, 
32  miles  S.S.W.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  1752. 

Gutentag,  goo't^n-tAa^or  Gnttentag,  goSt't^n-tiW, 
a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  E.  of  Oppeln.     Pop.  2336. 

Giiterslohe,  or  Giitersloh,  gU't?rs-lo',  a  town  of; 
Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  36  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Minden. 

Guthrie,  guth're,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of 
Iowa,  has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Middle  and  South  Forks  of  Raccoon  River.  Tho  surface 
is  undulating ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats, 
grass,  and  pork  arc  the  staple  products.  It  is  traversed 
by  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital, 
Guthrie  Centre.  Pop.  in  1870,  7061;  in  1880,  14,394;  in 
1890,  17,380. 

Guthrie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ford  co..  III.,  on  the  Gilm.an, 
Clinton  A  Springfield  Railroad,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Gibson. 


I 


GUT 


1341 


GWA 


Guthrie,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Louisville,  New  Albany  »S;  Chicago  Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of 
Bloomington. 

Gathrie,  a  village  of  Guthrie  co.,  Iowa,  in  Beaver 
township,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Riilroad, 
45  miles  W.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  and 
a  public  hall.     Pop.  about  400. 

Guthrie,  a  post-village  of  Todd  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  St. 
Louis  k  Southeastern  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the 
Memphis  <t  Louisville  Railroad,  47  miles  N.W.  of  Nashville, 
and  13  miles  N.E.  of  Clurksville,  Tenn.  It  has  4  churches, 
an  academy,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  449. 

Guthrie,  a  post-hamlut  of  Callaway  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Chicago  ifc  Alton  Railroad,  14  miles  N,  of  Jefferson  City. 

Guthrie,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Logan  co.,  Oklahoma, 
31  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Oklahoma.  It  has  8  churches,  4 
banks,  4  newspaper  offices,  a  sash-  and  door-factory,  Ac. 
Pop.  2788. 

Guthrie  Centre,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Guthrie  co., 
Iowa,  near  the  South  Coon  River,  about  50  miles  W.  by  N. 
of  Des  Moines.  It  has  5  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  2 
banks,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  plough-factory.     Pop.  1037. 

Guthrie's  Creek,  of  Indiana,  rises  in  Jackson  co., 
and  flows  into  the  East  Fork  of  White  River,  near  Bedford. 

Gnthrie>»ville,  guth'riz-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  East  Bnindy  wine  township,  3  miles  from  Down- 
ingtown.     It  has  about  12  residences. 

Gnthriesville,  a  post-office  and  station  of  York  co., 
S.C,  15  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Chester.     It  has  a  church. 

Gnth's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Catasauqua  A  Fogelsville  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of 
Catasauqua. 

Gut  of  Can'so  (or  Cansean,  kan'so')  is  the  pas- 
sage between  Nova  Scotia  and  Cape  Breton  Island,  leading 
from  the  Atlantic  into  Northumberland  Strait.  Length, 
17  miles ;  average  breadth^  2i  miles. 

Gutstadt,  goot'st&tt,  or  Dobre  Miasto,  dob'rd  me- 
is'to,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  51  miles  S.  of  Konigsberg,  on 
the  Alle.  It  has  a  castle  and  manufactures  of  woollen  and 
linen  fabrics.     Pop.  4050. 

Gut'tenberg,  a  post-village  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Dubuque  A  Min- 
nesota Railroad,  35  miles  N.W.  of  Dubuque,  and  16  miles 
E.S.E.  of  EI  Kader.  It  has  3  churches,  a  public  school,  a 
bank,  a  lumber-factory,  Ac.  One  weekly  German  news- 
paper is  published  here.  Mines  of  lead  have  been  opened 
near  this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  1160. 

Gut'tenburg,  a  post-village  of  Hudson  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Union  township,  on  the  Hudson  River,  opposite  70th  street, 
New  York,  and  just  above  Weehawken.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  beer  and  Belgian  blocks.  There  are  several  churches 
near  it. 

Guttentag,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Gutentag. 

Gutti,  a  town  of  India.    See  Goorr. 

Giitzkoiv,  giits'kov,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania, 
28  miles  S.E.  of  Stralsund.     Pop.  2023. 

Guuta,  a  village  of  Africa.    See  Goota. 

Guyan,  ghi'an,  a  township  of  Gallia  co.,  C,  bounded 
on  the  S.E.  to  a  small  extent  by  the  Ohio  River.  Pop.  1279. 
It  contains  MercerviUe  and  Crown  City. 

Guyana,  a  country  of  South  America.    See  GniASA. 

Guyandotte,  ghi'an-dott',  familiarly  called  Guyan 
or  Ghian,  ghl-an',  a  post- village  of  Cabell  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Ohio  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Guyandotte  River,  and 
on  the  Chesapeake  A  Ohio  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Hunting- 
ton, and  22  miles  above  Ironton,  0.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  woollen-mill,  a  planing-mill,  Ac.  Here 
is  a  suspension-bridge  over  the  Guyandotte  River.     P.  819. 

Guyandotte  River,  West  Virginia,  rises  in  Wyoming 
CO.,  and  runs  westward  to  Logan  co.,  which  it  intersects. 
It  flows  in  a  N.N.W.  direction  through  Lincoln  and  Cabell 
COS.,  and  enters  the  Ohio  River  at  Huntington.  It  is  about 
150  miles  long. 

Guyenne,  an  old  province  of  France.     See  Guienxe. 

Guy  (ghi)  Gulch,  a  station  in  Jefferson  co..  Col.,  on 
the  Colorado  Central  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Golden. 

Gnyiena  (ghi-le'na)  Mines,  a  station  of  Muhlenburg 
CO.,  Ky.  (in  the  coal-region  of  W^estern  Kentucky),  on  the 
Louisville,  Paducah  A  Southwestern  Railroad,  6  miles  N.E. 
of  Greenville. 

Guymard,  ghrmard',  a  post-village  of  Orange  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Mount  Hope  township,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  80 
miles  N.W.  of  New  York,  and  8  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Port 
Jcrvis.   It  has  a  large  hotel  for  summer  boarders.    Pop.  150. 

Guysborough,  ghiz'bur-ruh,  a  county  in  the  N.E. 
part  of  Nova  Scotia,  extends  from  the  E.  end  of  the  co.  of 
Halifax  to  the  Gut  of  Canso,  and  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by 


the  Atlantic  Ocean.  Area,  2950  square  miles.  Along  the 
coast  the  land  is  rocky  and  barren,  but  in  the  interior  there 
is  some  excellent  tillage-land.  Gold-mining  is  successfully 
prosecuted  in  this  county.  The  fisheries  are  also  a  great 
source  of  wealth  to  its  inhabitants.     Pop.  16,555. 

Guysborough,  a  seaport  town  of  Nova  Scotia,  capital 
of  the  CO.  of  Guysborough,  near  the  head  of  Chedabucto 
Bay,  opposite  Manchester,  and  67  miles  S.  of  New  Glas- 
gow. It  has  a  safe  and  commodious  harbor,  and  is  the  seat 
of  an  academy.  The  inhabitants  live  chiefly  by  fishing ; 
there  is  also  some  ship-building.     Pop.  1887. 

Guysborough,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk  co.,  Ontario, 
23  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Ingersoll.  It  contains  2  stores  and  a 
saw-mill.     Pop.  150. 

Guy's  Cliff*,  England,  co.  and  IJ  miles  N.  of  Warwick, 
on  the  Avon,  much  visited  by  tourists,  as  containing  ths 
hermitage  in  which  the  famous  Guy,  Earl  of  Warwick, 
passed  his  latter  days  and  was  buried  with  his  wife. 

Guy's  (ghlz)  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  Ky. 

Guy's  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  in 
Randolph  township,  9  miles  E.  of  Mcadville.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Guy's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Leon  co.,  Tex. 

Guysville,  ghiz'vil,  a  post-village  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Hocking  River,  14  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Athens,  and  25 
miles  W.  of  Belpre.     It  has  a.  church  and  a  drug-store. 

Guysville,  or  MacHenry's  Mill,  a  hamlet  of  Alle- 
ghany CO.,  Pa.,  4  miles  from  Oakdale  Station. 

Guyton,  ghl'ton,  a  post-village  of  Effingham  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  Ogeechee  River,  30  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Savannah. 
It  has  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  541. 

Guzel-Hissar,  a  city  of  Turkey.     See  Aidi.v. 

Guzerat,  gUz'^h-r&t',  Gujerat,  or  Gugerat,  guzh- 
er-it'?,  written  also  Goojerat,  or  Gujrat,  one  of  the  old 
provinces  of  India,  mostly  between  lat.  21°  and  24°  N.  and 
ion.  69°  and  75°  E.,  its  W.  portion  consisting  of  the  Katty- 
wnr  Peninsula.  Total  area,  about  40,000  square  miles.  Pop. 
6,000,000.  The  surface  is  greatly  diversified.  The  principal 
rivers  are  the  Nerbudda,  Taptee,  Mhye,  and  Sabermuttee.  It 
is  subdivided  among  the  dominions  of  Baroda  and  Gwalior, 
the  N.  districts  of  the  Bombay  presidency,  and  a  large  num- 
ber of  minor  states. 

Guzman,  gooth-min',  formerly  Merida,  mda'ce-di, 
an  old  state  of  Venezuela,  now  embraced  in  the  state  of 
Los  Andes,  was  bounded  N.W.  by  Lake  Maracaybo,  and 
traversed  by  the  highest  ranges  of  the  Venezuelan  Andes. 
Area,  5990  square  miles.  The  climate  of  this  section  is 
generally  cool,  and  the  fertile  valleys  produce  excellent 
wheat.  The  cnpital  of  the  state  was  Merida,  at  present 
the  capital  of  the  state  of  Los  Andes. 

Guzman  Blanco,  gooth-m&n'  bl&n'ko,  a  seaport  of 
Venezuela,  state  of  Dermudez,  on  the  coast,  at  the  E.  side 
of  the  peninsula  of  Morro  del  liarcelona,  and  4J  miles  N.  of 
the  town  of  Barcelona.  Its  harbor  is  spacious,  and  toler- 
ably safe,  though  not  deep. 

Guzzeh,  the  Arabic  name  of  Gaza. 

Gvosdanski,  g'vos-din'skee,  a  village  of  Austrian 
Croatia,  13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Glina. 

Gvosdevi,  the  former  name  of  the  Diouede  Islands. 

Gwa,  a  town  of  Aracan.    See  Ghoa. 

Gwahattec,  a  town  of  Assam.    See  Gowhattt. 

Gwalior,  or  Gualior,  gwi'le-or,  a  city  and  strong 
fortress  of  India,  capital  of  a  state  of  its  own  name,  on  an 
affluent  of  the  Jumna,  66  miles  S.  of  Agra.  It  has  exter- 
nally a  fine  appearance,  with  its  minarets  interspersed  with 
trees.  The  citadel,  on  a  high,  precipitous  rock  in  its  centre, 
about  3  miles  in  circumference,  is  unquestionably  the  most 
magnificent  native  fortress  in  India.  The  town  itself  is 
unenclosed,  but  its  streets  may  be  shut  by  numerous  gates, 
some  of  which  have  much  architectural  beauty.  Other 
principal  edifices  are  the  chief  mosque,  a  palace,  and  some 
buildings  in  the  most  ancient  Hindoo  style  within  the 
citadel,  and  E.  of  the  city  a  fine  Mohammedan  tomb.  In 
the  sides  of  the  rock  forming  its  site  are  numerous  caves 
with  Hindoo  sculptures. 

Gwalior,  or  Gualior,  written  also  Gnaler,  a  state  of 
Central  India,  sometimes  called  Scindia's  Dominions, 
from  its  ruler,  who  takes  the  title  of  Maharajah  Scin- 
dia  and  is  subsidiary  to  the  British.  The  country,  lying 
between  lat.  21°  and  27°  N.  and  Ion.  74°  and  79°  E.,  is  en- 
closed by  Rajpootana,  Baroda,  Indore,  Bundelcund,  the  Cen- 
tral Provinces,  and  Bombay  presidency.  Area,  33,119  square 
miles.  The  surface  is  level  in  the  N.,  including  a  portion 
of  the  basin  of  the  Jumna;  in  the  centre  it  is  hilly;  in  the 
S.  it  comprises  parts  of  the  Vindhyan  and  Satpoora  moun- 
tain-ranges. It  is  traversed  by  the  Taptee,  Nerbudda. 
Chumbul,  Sinde,  Betwah,  and  Dossaun  Rivers.    The  prin- 


•Wit 


1343 


SyLA 


oipul  cities  ar«  Owalior,  Oojetn,  and  noorhanpoor.  Tbli 
•tttte  but  a  fine  army  of  20,000  men.     Pop.  2,600,000. 

(^wuahv  a  rirer  of  England.    See  Wash. 

Gwcedore*  or  Gnidore«  gwe-dSr',  a  diatriot  and  bny 
on  the  N.W.  coast  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Donegal ;  the  latter  in 
kt.  65"  3'  N.,  Ion.  8°  2a'  W.  The  district  extends  for  some 
■tilos  along  the  ooaat,  abounding  in  scenery  of  the  wildest 
daacription. 

Gweeki  a  sonport  village  of  England,  in  Cornwall,  in- 
oludcd  in  tbo  port  of  Falmouth. 

Gwen'iinp,  a  pariah  of  England,  oo.  of  Cornwall,  3  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Iludruth,  comprising  the  most  productive  copper- 
mines  in  Cornwall. 

(iu'cr,  a  peninsula  of  South  Wales.     See  Qoweh. 

Gwetter,  gwdt't^r,  a  village  of  Belooohistan,  on  a  bay 
of  tbo  same  name  in  the  Indian  Ocean.  Lat.  25°  15'  N. ; 
Ion.  01°  30'  E. 

G\vill'iinville«  a  post-village  of  El  Paso  co.,  Col.,  5 
miles  from  Monument  Station.     It  has  a  cheese-factory. 

Gwin^nett'«  a  northern  county  of  Georgia,  bos  an  area 
of  about  460  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by 
the  Chattahoochee  River,  and  is  aUo  drained  by  the  Appa- 
lachee  and  other  small  streams.  The  surface  is  billy  and 
extensively  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  mostly  Cortile. 
Cotton,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  8ta))le  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Richmond  <t  Dan- 
ville Railroad,  a  branch  of  which  communicates  with 
Lawrenceville,  the  capital.  Among  its  mineral  resources 
are  granite  and  iron  ore.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,431;  in  1880, 
19,531:  in  1890,  19,899. 

Gwydir  (gwi'dir  ?)  River  (native,  Kiendar,  ke-6n-dar', 
or  Knraula,  k&-raw'la),  a  river  of  New  South  Wales,  joins 
the  Darling  River  in'lat.  29°  30'  27"  S.,  Ion.  148°  13'  20" 
£.     Length,  445  miles. 

Gwynedd,  gwin'^d  (Welsh  pron.  gwjn'jTH),  a  river  of 
Wales,  rises  in  the  S.  side  of  Snowdon,  and  flows  S.  to  Car- 
digan Bay,  which  it  enters  by  a  wide  estuary  1  mile  S.  of 
Tremadoc. 

Gwynedd,  gwin'^d,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co., 
Pa.,  in  Gwynedd  township,  on  the  North  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road, 18  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.  The  township  contains 
tlie  boroughs  of  North  Wales  and  Lansdale.  It  has  6 
ehurches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2094. 

G  wynfe,  gwin'fd,  a  hamlet  of  Wales,  co.  of  Carmarthen, 
6  miles  S.W.  of  Llandovery.     Pop.  1528. 

Gwyn  (gwin)  Mine^  a  post-ofiSoe  of  Calaveras  oo.,  Cal. 

Gwynne's  (gwlnz)  Mill)  a  station  in  Shelby  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  11 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Rushville. 

Gy,  zhoe,  a  town  of  France,  in  Ilauto-Sa&ne,  22  miles 
S.W.  of  Vesoul.     Pop.  2051. 

Gya,  a  district  and  town  of  India.    See  Qaya. 

Gyaiar,  dyoMCn',  a  mining  town  of  Transylvania,  60 
miles  W.  of  Ucrmannstadt.     Pop.  950. 

Gynlu,  dyShMoo'  (almost  jShMoo'),  or  Ju'lia^  a  market- 
town  of  Transylvania,  10  miles  W.  of  Klausenburg,  on  the 
Seamos.     Pop.  2680. 

Gyangze,  gh§-ang'ze,  a  town  of  Thibet,  on  an  afSueut 
of  the  Brahmapootra.  Lat.  28°  56'  N. ;  Ion.  89°  28'  E.  It 
has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth.     Pop.  9000. 

Gyarinath,  Balassa.     See  Balassa-Gvarmath. 

Gyarinath,  Fiizes.    See  FUzEs-GvAnMATH. 

GvaroSi  ji'^-ros  or  jee'^ros,  or  Gioura^  joo'ri,  a 


mountainous  island  of  the  Grecian  Archi]>elago,  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Syra.     Lenfcth,  5  miles;  breiultb,  3  miles. 

Gyedil,  a  town  oC  Hungary.     See  Dktta. 

Gyekeuyes,  dyi'kin'yfisb',  a  village  of  Hungary,  oo. 
of  SUmegh,  50  miles  W.  by  N.  of  FUnfkirohen.    Pop.  1780. 

Gyenta^  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Denta. 

Gyergytt-Szent-MiklOB,dy6R'dyo'-8fint-mee'klo8h', 
a  town  of  Transylvania,  in  Szcklcrland,  95  miles  E.  of 
Klausenburg. 

Gycrmel,  dySiOmil',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Kn- 
mom,  12  miles  from  Dotis.    Pop.  1050. 

Gykwar's  Dominions.    See  Uaroda. 

GyiKincrgine,  European  Turkey.    See  Gi'uoorjebxa. 

Gyninu»i)c,  Spain.     See  Halkaric  Isi.es. 

Gyndcs,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  the  Diala. 

Gyonia,  dyo'mdh'  (almost  jo'mOb^),  a  village  of  Hun- 
gary, CO.  of  Bekcs,  on  the  Kcirtis,  30  miles  by  rail  N.N.W. 
of  Csaba.     Pop.  of  commune,  9907. 

Gy5ngy<>8)  dyiJn'dyosh',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Ileves,  on  a  railway,  44  miles  N.E.  of  Pesth.  It  has  sev- 
eral churches,  a  Franciscan  college,  a  gymnasium,  a  collec- 
tion of  archives,  manufactures  of  leather,  hats,  and  woollen 
cloth,  distilleries,  and  considerable  trade  in  com,  fruit,  wine, 
and  horses.     Pop.  15,830. 

GyOr,  the  Hungarian  name  of  the  Raab. 

Gyor-Falva»  dyon-fdl'vCh^  or  Gcrgcsdorf,  gbin'- 
gb^s-donf,  a  village  of  Transylvania,  6  miles  from  Klausen- 
burg, on  the  Little  Szamos. 

Gy5rgy<)-Alfalu,  Hungary.    See  Alp  a  lu. 

GyOrgyd'Szent- Mikios.      See    GvergvS  -  Szbnt- 

MlKI.OS. 

Gyorkony,  dyoR'koR',  a  village  of  Hungary,  oo.  of 
Tolna,  4  miles  from  Paks.     Pop.  2572. 

Gypsum,  Saline  co.,  Kansas.     See  Grpst'M  Citt. 
Gypsum,  jip'sum,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y., 

2  miles  from  Clilton  S])ring8,  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill, 
a  lumber-mill,  and  a  iila^ter-mill.     Gypsum  is  found  here. 

Gypsum,  o  post-hamlet  of  Ottawa  co.,  0.,  in  Portage 
township,  on  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  11  miles  W.  of 
the  city  of  Sandusky.     It  has  a  church  and  a  plaster-mill. 

Gypsum  City,  or  Gypsum,  a  post-village  of  Saline 
CO.,  Kansas,  17  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Salina.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  manufactures  of 
cement,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  530. 

Gypsum  Creek,  Kansas,  rises  in  McPherson  co.,  runs 
northward,  and  enters  tlie  Smoky  Hill  River  in  Saline  co., 
about  12  miles  E.  of  Salina. 

Gypsum  Creek,  a  township  of  McPherson  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  591.     It  contains  Roxbury. 

Gyula,  dyoo'lOh*  (almost  joo'lSh^),  a  town  of  Hungary, 
CO.  of  Bekes,  on  a  railway,  .'(5  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ara>i, 
divided  by  the  White  Koriis  River  into  two  portions,  jl/a</>/rtr 
and  Nemeth,  in  one  of  which  only  German  and  in  the  other 
only  Hungarian  is  spoken.  It  has  several  churches,  oil- 
mills,  a  castle,  and  a  zoological  garden.     Pop.  18,495. 

Gyulafalva,  dyoo'lOh'fol'voh^  or  Gyiilesty,  a  vill.age 
of  Hungary,  co.  of  Marmaros,  on  the  Mara,  9  miles  from 
Szigeth.     Pop.  1070. 

Gyul^,  dyooMi',  a  village  of  Hungary,  eo.  of  Szabolcz, 

3  miles  from  Nyir-Bathor.     Pop.  1800. 

Gzhatsk,  Gshatsk,  or  GJatsk,  gzb&tsk,  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  128  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Smolensk, 
on  the  Gzhat  (Gjat),  an  affluent  of  the  Volga.     Pop.  8261. 


H. 


llaa,  haw,  a  small  island  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Sutherland, 
off  its  N.  coast,  3i  miles  E.  of  Far-out  Head. 

Haag,  hig,  the  name  of  numerous  villages  of  Germany, 
and  of  the  city  of  the  Hague,  in  Netherlands.     See  Hague. 

Haage,  Netherlands.    See  Prisce.niiage. 

Haaksbergcn,  hiks'bjRo'^n,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  Overyssel,  25  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Dcventer.    P.  4744. 

IIanmstede,or  Haemstede,h^m'sti'd9h,  a  village 
of  the  Netherlands,  in  the  island  of  Schouwen,  8  miles  S.W. 
of  Brouwershaven.     Pop.  853. 

Ilaan,  hSn,  a  village  of  Prussia,  9  miles  by  rail  E.  of 
Dus.oeldorf.     Pop.,  with  vicinity,  4594. 

Uaarburg,  a  town  of  Hanover.    See  HARBUBa. 


Haaren,  or  Haeren,  htl'r?n,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, 7  miles  S.W.  of  Bois-lo'-Duc.     Pop.  1568. 

Haaren,  hiVr^n,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  6 
miles  S.E.  of  Meppen.     Pop.  13S8. 

Haaren,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  22  miles  N.  of 
Aix-la-Chapelle.     Pop.,  with  commune,  2922. 

HaarletJcke,  a  town  of  Belgium.     See  Hakrlebeke. 

Haarlem,  Haerlem,  or  Harlem,  hilR'Igm,  a  city 
of  the  Netherlands,  in  North  Holland,  14  miles  AV.of  Am- 
sterdam, with  which  city,  and  with  Lcyden  and  lleldcr,  it 
communicates  by  canals  and  railways.  Pop.  in  1890,  51,B2fi. 
It  has  remains  of  its  old  fortifications,  and  is  very  well 
built  and  dean.     The  cathedral  of  St.  Baron  contains  tba 


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famous  Haarlem  organ,  one  of  the  largest  in  the  world. 
Other  principal  structures  are  the  town  hall,  the  flesh-mar- 
ket, and  several  churches.  The  statue  of  Coster,  the  reputed 
inventor  of  movable  printing-types,  and  a  native  of  this 
city,  stands  in  the  market-place.  Haarlem  has  numerous 
public  schools,  learned  societies,  and  collections  in  art  and 
Bcicnoe,  the  principal  of  the  latter  being  the  Teyler  Mu- 
seum. It  has  also  large  steam  cotton-mills,  manufactures 
of  velvet,  silk  and  linen  fabrics,  carpets,  lace,  ribbons, 
Eoap,  ifcc,  and  a  celebrated  Greek  and  Hebrew  type-foundry. 
It  is  the  centre  of  the  important  Dutch  trade  in  flowers 
and  flower-seeds,  raised  in  the  Bloemen  Tuinen,  extensive 
nursery  grounds  on  the  S.  side  of  the  city.  Its  vicinity  is 
well  cultivated;  near  it  is  the  Pavilion,  a  noble  seat,  for- 
merly the  palace  of  Louis  Bonaparte.  Many  distinguished 
painters  were  natives  of  Haarlem.  In  1573  it  capitulated, 
after  a  seven  months'  siege,  to  the  Spaniards,  who,  contrary 
to  the  terms  of  the  surrender,  caused  upwards  of  2000  per- 
sons, including  the  Protestant  ministers,  the  garrison,  and 
the  commandant,  to  be  put  to  death.  Haarlem  is  the  see 
of  Catholic  and  Jansenist  bishops. 

Haarlem,  han'I?m,  Nayntivoe,  or  Naynativoe, 
an  island  of  Palk's  Strait,  N.W.  of  Ceylon.     Pop.  500. 

Haarlem,  New  York.    See  Harlem. 

Haarlem  (hiB'l^m)  Lake  {DvXah,  Haerlemmer-Meer, 
hJlu'liin-mer-miu),  formerly  an  inlet  of  the  Zuyder  Zee,  in 
tlio  Netherlands,  North  Holland,  2  miles  S.B.  of  Haarlem, 
about  33  miles  in  circumference,  communicating  N.  with 
the  Y  and  S.  with  the  Old  Ilhine.  It  was  formed  by  a  de- 
structive inundation  in  the  sixteenth  century.  In  1849 
the  work  of  draining  the  lake  was  commenced,  and  com- 
pleted in  1S53 :  72  square  miles  of  good  land  were  thus 
reclaimed. 

Haase,  hi'zgh,  or  Hase,  hi'si  (anc.  Hasaf),  a  river 
of  Germany,  in  Hanover,  joins  the  Ems  at  Meppen,  after 
a  course  of  90  miles. 

Haastrecht,  hils'trSKt,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  South  Holland,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Rotterdam.    Pop.  1463. 

Haay,  hi  or  hoi,  a  small  island  of  Scotland,  Hebrides, 
in  the  Sound  of  Harris,  between  Harris  and  North  Uist. 

Haba,  or  La  Haba,  Id  hi'Bi,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  51  miles  E.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  2210. 

Habab,  hi-bS,b',  a  region  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  Red 
Sea,  formerly  in  the  N.E.  of  Abyssinia,  but  now  attached 
to  Nubia  and  subject  to  Egyptian  authority.  Its  people, 
also  called  Habab,  are  a  mixed  race,  mostly  speaking 
dialects  of  the  Geez :  they  are,  or  lately  were,  Curistians 
of  the  Abyssinian  church. 

Habana,  a  city  of  Cuba.    See  Havana. 

Habas,  hd^b&s',  a  town  of  France,  in  Landes,  13  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Dax.     Pop.  of  commune,  2038, 

Habay-la»Neuve,  hi'bi'-li-nuv,  a  village  of  Bel- 
gium, in  Luxembourg,  on  the  RuUes,  10  miles  by  rail  W. 
of  Arlon.     Pop.  1800. 

Habay-la-Vieille,hi'bA'-li-ve-ii',  a  village  of  Bel- 
gium, in  Luxembourg,  near  Habay-la-Neuve.     Pop.  901. 

Habelschwert,  hi'bel-sh^5Rt\  a  town  of  Prussian 
Silesia,  on  the  Neisse,  10  miles  S.  of  Glatz.  Pop.  4926,  en- 
gaged in  woollen-  and  linen-weaving. 

Hab'crmacher,  a  station  in  Harris  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Texas  Western  Railroad,  22  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Houston. 

Habcrn,  ha.'b§rn,  or  Habr,  bib'r  (L.  Mona  Fagi),  a 
town  of  Bohemia,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Czaslau,  on  the  Little 
Sazawa.     Pop.  2039. 

Habersham,  hab'§r-sham,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part 
of  Georgia.  Area,  347  square  miles.  The  Tugaloo  River 
forms  part  of  the  N.E.  boundary,  and  separates  it  from 
South  Carolina.  The  Chattahoochee  rises  in  this  county, 
which  is  also  drained  by  the  Soquee,  Tallulah,  and  Broad 
Rivers.  The  surface  is  broken  by  low  mountains  connected 
with  the  Blue  Ridge,  among  which  Mounts  Yonah  and 
Currahee  are  the  most  considerable.  The  latter  rises  in  the 
form  of  a  cone  to  the  height  of  900  feet.  The  gold-mines 
of  this  county  are  among  the  richest  in  the  state.  Iron  is 
abundant ;  rubies,  cornelians,  and  a  few  diamonds  have  l)een 
found.  The  celebrated  Falls  of  Tallulah  are  in  this  county. 
Capitnl,  Clarkesville.     Pop.  in  1880,  8718  ;  in  1890, 11,573. 

Habesh,  Habessinia,  or  Habessinien.  See 
Abyssinia. 

Habrowa,  or  Unter-HabroAva,  oon't§r-hi-bro'M, 
%  village  of  Bohemia,  near  Koniggriitz,     Pop.  1050. 

Habrzeh,  a  town  of  Moravia.     See  Hohenstadt. 

Habsal,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Hapsal. 

Ilabsburg,  or  Hapsburg,  haps'burg  or  hlps'boSRG, 
a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Aargau,  near  Brugg, 
with  ruins  of  a  castle  which  was  the  original  seat  of  the 
Imperial  family  of  Austria.     Pop.  187. 


Habsheim,  hibs'hime,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Al- 
sace, 11  miles  N.E.  of  Altkirch,  on  the  Strasburg  Railway, 
4i  miles  S.E.  of  Miilhauscn.     Pop.  1854. 

Haccourt,  bdk^koou',  a  village  of  Belgium,  7  miles 
N.E.  of  Liege.     Pop.  1800. 

Hacha,  or  La  Hacha,  United  States  of  Colombia. 
See  Rio  Hacha. 

Hachenburg,  h3.K'§n-bo5RG\  a  town  of  Prussia,  24 
miles  N.  of  Nassau.     Pop.  1384. 

Hacliijo,  an  island  of  Japan.    See  Fatsizio. 

Hachneau,  a  town  of  Alsace.    See  Haguenau. 

Hachy,  hi^shee',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Luxembourg, 
7  miles  W.  of  Arlon.     Pop.  1840. 

Hack'berry,  a  post-village  of  Mohave  co.,  Arizona,  in 
the  Peacock  Mountains,  30  miles  E.  of  Mineral  Park.  It 
has  rich  silver-mines,  a  quartz-mill,  and  a  roasting-furnaco. 

Hackberry,  a  township  of  Labette  co.,  Kan.     P.  1005. 

Hackberry,  a  post-office  of  Lavaca  co.,  Tex. 

Hack'ensack,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Bergen  co., 
N.J.,  on  the  Hackensack  River,  and  on  the  New  Jersey 
Midland  and  New  Jersey  <t  New  York  Railroads,  12  miles 
N.  of  New  York,  and  7  miles  S.E.  of  Paterson.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house,  11  churches,  a  bank,  3  newspaper  oSices, 
and  several  manufactories.     Pop.  in  1890,  6004. 

Hackensack  River  rises  in  Rockland  co.,  N.Y.,  runs 
southward  through  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  and  enters  Newark 
Bay  4  miles  S.E.  of  the  city  of  Newark.  It  is  about  50 
miles  long.     Sloops  can  ascend  it  nearly  16  miles. 

Hack'er's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Lewis  co.,  W.  Va., 
about  20  miles  S.  of  Clarksburg. 

Hacker's  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Webster  co.,  W.  Va. 

Hack'ett,  an  incorporated  post-town  of  Sebastian  co., 
Ark.,  16  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Fort  Smith.  It  has  5  churches, 
a  newspaper  oflice,  and  private  and  free  schools.  Pop.  in 
1890,  458. 

Hack'etstown,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Carlow,  on 
the  Dereen,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Baltinglass.     Pop.  863. 

Hack'ettstown,  a  post-borough  of  Warren  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  Musconetcong  River,  52  miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of 
Newark,  and  24  miles  E.N.E.  of  Easton,  Pa.  It  contains 
the  Centenary  Collegiate  Institute  (Methodist),  4  churches, 
a  national  bank,  3  flouring-mills,  an  iron-furnace,  a  foundry, 
a  zinc-furnace,  3  carriage-factories,  and  a  silk-mill.  Two 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.     Pop.  (1890)  2417. 

Hackleman,  hak'^l-man,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co., 
Ind.,  6  miles  W.  of  Fairmount  Railroad  Station. 

Hack'ney,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Middlesex, 
forming  a  suburb  of  London,  3  miles  N.N.E.  of  St.  Paul's. 
It  is  divided  into  3  districts,  and  has  an  iron  bridge  across 
the  Lea,  3  churches,  numerous  chapels,  the  London  Or- 
phan Asylum,  the  Independents'  Academy  at  Hoinerton, 
a  savings-bank,  and  several  hospitals.  Hackney  was  for- 
merly the  favorite  suburba«i  residence  of  the  London  citi- 
zens, and  hackney-coaches  are  said  to  have  been  named 
from  it.     Pop.  115,110. 

Hack'ney,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  0.,  about  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Marietta.     It  has  a  church. 

Hack'neyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tallapoosa  co.,  Ala., 
7  miles  N.  of  Alexander  City.  It  has  a  church  and  an 
academy. 

Hacqueville,  hikVeel',  a  village  of  France,  in  Eure^ 
9  miles  N.E.  of  Les  Andelys.     Pop.  450. 

Hadamar,  hi'di-maR\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse- 
Nassau,  on  the  Elbe,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Limburg.    Pop.  2009. 

Haddam,  had'dam,  a  post-village  and  one  of  the  cap- 
itals of  Middlesex  co..  Conn.,  in  Haddam  township,  on  the 
W.  bank  of  the  Connecticut  River,  about  20  miles  from  its 
mouth,  and  on  the  Connecticut  Valley  Railroad,  26  miles 
S.  by  E.  of  Hartford.  It  has  a  church,  the  Brainerd  Acad- 
emy, and  manufactures  of  steam  heaters.  The  township 
contains  Iligganum,  Tylerville,  and  other  villages.  Pop. 
of  the  township  in  1890,  2095. 

Haddam,  a  post- village  of  Washington  co.,  Kansas,  14 
miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Washington.  It  has  2  churches, 
2  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  roller-mills,  <fec.     Pop.  419. 

Haddam  Neck,  a  post-hamlet  and  summer  resort  of 
Middlesex  co..  Conn.,  in  Haddam  township,  on  the  E.  side 
of  the  Connecticut  River,  about  24  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hartford. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  baskets,  carpets,  Ac. 

Haddeby,  hid'd§h-bii\  Hethaby,  hi'ti-biiS  or 
Heidebo,  hi'd^h-bo^  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Sleswick, 
opposite  the  town  of  Sleswick.  Its  original  church  was 
the  earliest  founded  in  Denmark. 

Had'dington,  Haddingtonshire,  had'ding-t9n- 
shir,  or  East  Lothian,  lo'THe-an,  a  county  of  Scotland, 
having  N.  the  Firth  of  Forth,  and  E.  the  North  Sea.  Area, 
280  square  miles.    Surface  in  the  S.  occupied  by  the  Lam> 


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mvrmoor  HilU,  in  the  ««ntr«  and  N.  a  beautiful  plain, 
grmdually  sloping  to  the  Firth  of  Forth,  and  diversified  by 
gentle  clevatione.  Principal  rivulet,  the  Tyne.  Soil  mostly 
•  elkyey  loam.  Agriculture  is  in  a  highly  advanced  state, 
and  equal  to  that  of  any  other  British  county.  Coal  is 
workM  in  the  W.,  and  limestone  abounds  everywhere. 
Chief  towns,  Haddington,  the  county  town,  Dunbar,  Tra- 
BMit,  and  North  Berwick.  It  sends  two  members  to  the 
House  of  Commons.    P.  in  1871,  37,771 ;  in  1891,  37,491. 

Haddington,  a  town  of  Scotland,  capital  of  the  above 
oountv,  on  the  Tyne,  hero  crossed  by  a  four-arched  bridge, 
and  on  the  North  British  llailway,  18  miles  E.  of  Edin- 
burgh. The  town  has  handsome  county  buildings,  a  town 
faouae,  and  a  noble  collegiate  and  parish  charoh,  originally 
the  nave  of  an  abbey  church  erected  about  the  thirteenth 
century.  Haddington  has  also  a  grammar-school,  a  me- 
ohanlos'  institution,  an  agricultural  and  horticultural  soci- 
ety, several  public  libraries,  and  a  considerable  trade  in 
wool,  fto.  It  is  perhaps  the  largest  market  in  Scotland  for 
com  and  other  agricultural  produce.  Haddington  unites 
with  Dunbar,  Jedburgh,  Lauder,  and  North  IJerwick  in 
■ending  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Hadding- 
ton is  a  very  ancient  royal  burgh.     Pop.  3114. 

Ilad'diugton,  a  village  within  the  limits  of  the  city 
of  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  6  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Independence 
Hall.     It  is  reached  by  the  Market  Street  Railway. 

Had'doclc  Station,  a  post-office  of  Jones  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Macon  <t  Augusta  Railroad,  19  miles  E.N.E.  of  Macon. 

Iltid'don,  a  township  of  Camden  co.,  N.J.     Pop.  3929. 

Had'donfteld,  a  neat  post-borough  of  Camden  co., 
N.J.,  in  Haddon  township,  near  Cooper's  Creek,  and  on  the 
Camden  &  Atlantis  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Camden.  It 
contains  4  churches,  2  Friends'  meetings,  a  national  bank, 
u  newspaper  office,  an  academy,  a  fine  graded  public  school, 
and  several  private  schools.  Its  industries  embrace  a  pot- 
tery, a  flour-mill,  a  paint-mill,  and  eniery-whcel-works.  It 
has  electric  lights  and  water- works.    Pop.  in  1890,  2502. 

Hadeesali,  Hadisali,  h&-dco's&,  Haditli,  or  Ha- 
deetti,  h&deeth',  written  also  Hadisa  and  Haditha, 
an  island  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  pashalio  and  130  miles  N.*V. 
of  Bagdad,  in  the  Euphrates.  It  contains  a  town,  composed 
of  about  400  houses,  ouilt  on  the  ruins  of  the  ancient  Ha- 
dith.     The  river  is  here  300  yards  wide  and  18  feet  deep. 

Hadein,  h&'d^ln,  a  district  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover, 
extending  for  12  miles  along  the  Elbe,  with  an  area  of  110 
square  miles,  and  17,286  inhabitants. 

Ha'den's,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Ala. 

Ha'densville,  a  post-village  of  Todd  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville  A  Great  Southern  Railroad,  16  miles  N.E.  of 
Clarksville,  Tenn.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hadensville,  a  post-office  of  Goochland  co.,  "Va. 

Ha'der,  a  post-hamlet  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minn.,  in  Wana- 
mingo  township,  21  miles  S.W.  <X  Red  Wing. 

Hadersleben,  hi'd^rs-lA^b^n  (Dan.  Haderslev,  hi'- 
d§rs-Ifiv^),  a  seaport  town  of  Prussia,  on  an  inlet  of  the 
Little  Belt,  48  miles  N.  of  Sleswick,  at  the  terminus  of  a 
railway.  Pop.  8356.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  a  safe  har- 
bor, several  cnurohes,  a  Latin  school,  and  breweries. 

Hadli^Z,  hod'hJlz,  or  Hathaz,  hdt'h&z,  one  of  the 
Haiduck  towns  of  Hungary,  10  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Debroo- 
«in.     Pop.  7024. 

Hadja-Bagos,  Hungary.    See  Bagos. 

Hadjatscli,  a  town  of  Russia.    Sec  Gadjatsch. 

Hadji-Abbassi,  Asia  Minor.    See  Hajee-Abbassee. 

lladji-Hamza,  Asia  Minor.    See  Hajee-Hamzah. 

Hadjilar,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Hajilar. 

Iladji-Oglou-Bazardjilt.  See  Hajee-Ogloo-Ba- 
jeaujeek. 

HacUypoor,  or  Htyeepoor,  h&j*ee-poor',  a  village 
of  Punjab,  on  the  Chenaub,  42  miles  W.  of  Mooltan.  Lat. 
29°  36'  N. ;  Ion.  71°  12'  E. 

Hadjypoor,  or  Hajeepoor,  a  town  of  India,  in  the 
Mozufferpoor  district,  on  the  river  Gunduck,  near  the  Gan- 
ges, 5  miles  N.  of  Patna.  It  has  a  large  mosque,  a,  pictu- 
resque temple,  and  an  important  trade.     Pop.  22,306. 

Had'leigh,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Suffolk,  9^  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Ipswich.  It  has  many  curious  ancient  houses, 
and  a  fine  church.  It  is  the  terminus  of  a  branch  railway. 
Pop.  of  parish,  3575. 

Uad'ley,  a  township  of  Pike  co..  111.  P.op.  1309.  It 
c<mtains  New  Philadelphia.  Hadley  Station  is  on  the  Han- 
nibal &,  Naples  Railroad,  21  miles  E.  of  Hannibal,  Mo. 

Uadley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Will  oo..  111.,  in  Homer 
township,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago.    It  has  a  church. 

Hadley,  a  station  in  Adams  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Pitts- 
burg, Fort  Wayne  <k  Chicago  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  by  N. 
of  Fort  Wayne. 


Hadley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hendricks  oo.,  Ind.,  in  Clay 
township,  on  the  Indianapolis  &  St.  Louis  Itiiilroad,  24 
miles  W.  of  Indianapolis.     It  has  a  Friends'  meeting. 

Hadley,  a  post-linmlct  of  Warren  co.,  Ky.,  10  miles  W. 
of  Bowling  Green.     It  has  a  church. 

Hadley,  a  post-village  of  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Hadley  township,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Connecticut  River, 
about  18  miles  N.  of  Springfield,  and  3  miles  N.E.  of 
Northampton.  It  has  a  bridge  across  the  river,  3  churches, 
and  the  Hopkins  Aciulemy.  Brooms  and  other  articles  are 
mnnufactuved  in  this  township,  which  also  contains  North 
lliidley.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1689. 

Hadley,  a  post-village  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.,  in  Hadley 
township,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Lapeer,  and  about  48  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a 
foundry,  a  grist-mill,  2  planing-mills,  Ac.  Pop.  in  1890, 
256;  of  the  township,  1316. 

Hadley,  a  post-villnge  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Had- 
ley township,  on  the  Hudson  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Sacondaga,  and  on  the  Adirondsick  Railroad,  22  miles  N. 
of  Saratoga  Springs.  It  has  a  church.  The  township  has 
manufactures  of  leather  and  wooden-ware.  Its  surface  is 
mountainous.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1103. 

Hadley,  a  post-village  of  Mcrcor  co..  Pa.,  in  Perry 
township,  on  the  Jamestown  A  Franklin  Railroad,  30  miles 
W.  of  Franklin.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  mill. 

Had'ley-Moii'keii,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Mid- 
dlesex, 12  miles  N.N.W.  of  London. 

Hadlcy's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chatham  co.,  N.C., 
about  40  miles  W.  of  Raleigh.     It  has  a  tannery. 

Hadley  Station,  a  village  of  Lawrence  co.,  111.,  on 
the  Ohio  A  Mississippi  Railroad,  22  miles  W.  of  Vinccnnes, 
Ind.     It  has  2  churcnes. 

Had'leyville,  a  post-hamlct  of  Eau  Claire  co..  Wis., 
10  miles  from  Eau  Claire.     It  has  a  church. 

Had'Iock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northampton  co.,  Va., 
about  50  miles  S.  of  Snow  Hill,  Md. 

Had'low,  a  village  in  Levis  co.,  Quebec,  2  miles  from 
South  Quebec.  It  contains  locomotive-works  and  shopi 
belonging  to  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,     Pop.  150. 

Had'Iyme,  a  post-village  of  New  London  co..  Conn., 
in  East  Iladdam  and  Lyme  townships,  on  the  left  or  E. 
bank  of  the  Connecticut  River,  about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Hartford.     It  has  a  church. 

Hadmerslebcn,  hWm^rs-li^b^n,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  18  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Magdeburg.     Pop.  1032. 

Hadol,  hiMol',  a  village  of  Franco,  in  Vosges,  6  miles 
S.  of  Epinal.     Pop.  2457. 

Hadramaut,  or  Hadramaout,  hi-dri-m5wt'  (pro- 
nounced by  the  Arabs  hi-dr&-mi-oot'),  a  country  of  Arabia, 
extending  along  its  S.E.  coast  from  Oman  to  Yemen,  with 
which  it  constituted  the  ancient  Arabia  Felix.  The  coast 
is  lined  by  mountains  6000  feet  high.  The  inhabitants 
(Hadar6mi,  h5,-dS,-r{m'ce)  still  retain  many  traces  of  their 
ancient  civilization.  Hadramaut  exports  to  India  frankin- 
cense, myrrh,  aloes,  and  dragons'-blood;  to  Yemen,  carpets, 
silk  shawls,  linen,  and  girdle-knives.  The  people  are  of 
several  tribes,  governed  by  chiefs. 

Hadres,  hd'drfis,  a  village  of  Lower  Austria,  on  th« 
Pulkan,  on  the  frontiers  of  Moravia.     Pop.  1758. 

Hadria,  an  ancient  name  of  Adria,  and  of  Atri. 

Hadrianopolis,  the  ancient  name  of  Adrianople. 

Hadrianopolis,  the  ancient  name  of  Boli.  * 

Hadriaticum  Marc.    See  AnniATic. 

Hadschin,  hld'shecn\  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  vila- 
yet and  80  miles  N.E.  of  Adana. 

Haeght,  hA,Kt,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  North  Brabant, 
on  the  Mechlin-Louvain  Railway,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Brus- 
sels.    Pop.  2300. 

Haelen,  h|,'l?n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Limbourg,  11 
miles  W.  of  Hasselt.     Pop.  2400. 

Haeltert,  h&l'tiRt,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flan- 
ders, 19  miles  E."of  Audenarde.     Pop.  3300. 

Haemstede,  Netherlands.    See  Haamstede. 

HaDmus,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Balkans. 

Haeren,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Haarejc. 

Uaeringhe,  hil'ring-gh^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
West  Flanders,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Ypres.     Pop.  2100. 

Haerlebel^e,  or  Uaarlebeue,  hiln'l^h-bi'k^h,  a 
town  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flanders,  on  the  Lys,  3  miles  by 
rail  N.E.  of  Courtrai.  Pop.  4700.  It  was  formerly  an  im- 
portant fortress,  and  suffered  many  vicissitudes  in  the  ninth 
and  tenth  centuries. 

Haerlem,  a  city  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Haarlem. 

Haerlemmer  Mccr.    See  Haarlem  Lake. 

Hacsdonck,  h&s'donk,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Fknders,  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ghent.    Pop.  2400. 


UM 


1345 


HAG 


Hajtera,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Zxjjar. 

Haflfar,  hif  Vau',  an  ancient  canal  in  Persia,  connecting 
the  Karoon  Kiver  with  the  Shat-el-Arab.  On  both  sides  of 
it  stands  the  town  of  Mohammerah. 

liatfeer,  or  Haffir,  hif^feer',  a  village  of  Nubia,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Nile,  46  miles  N.  of  New  Dongola.  It 
has  a  factory  for  indigo. 

Haft-Stettin,  Germany.    See  Stettixek-Hafp. 

Hafiiarfiord,  hifnan-fc-oRd'  (Dan.  Havnfjord, 
hSwn'fe-oKd*),  a  village  of  Iceland,  on  a  fiord  of  the  same 
name,  in  the  S.  of  the  island,  S.S.E.  of  Reikiavik,  Its 
harbor  is  one  of  the  best  in  Iceland. 

llafnerzell,  haf'n9r-ts4ir,  or  Obernzell,  o'b^rn- 
ts411\  a  village  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Danube,  8  miles  E.  of 
Passau.    Pop.  1473. 

Hafiiia,  the  Latin  name  of  Copexhagen. 

Hafsloe,  hifs'16*dh,  a  village  of  Norway,  83  miles  N.E. 
of  Bergen.     Pop.  2200. 

Ha'gaman's  (or  Ha'geman's)  Mills,  apost- village 
of  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Mohawk  River,  4  miles 
from  Amsterdam.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  manufactory  of 
knit  goods.     Pop.  250. 

Ha'gan,  a  post-oflSce  of  Chippewa  eo.,  Minn. 

Ha'gansport,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Tex. 

Ha'gar,  a  post-office  of  Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  in  Hagar 
township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Michigan  Lake  Shore  Railroad, 
4  miles  N.  of  Benton  Harbor.  The  township  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  Lake  Michigan.     Pop.  823. 

Hagarstown,  Illinois.    See  Hagerstoww. 

Ilage,  Netherlands.    See  Hague,  The. 

Hagc,  hi'gh^h,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  13 
miles  N.W.  of  Aurich.     Pop.  868. 

Hagedorn's  (hag'e-domz)  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  about  16  miles  W.  of  Saratoga  Springs. 
It  has  a  church,  and  grist-,  saw-,  and  woollen-mills. 

Plagelberg,  hi'ghel-bSRG\  a  village  of  Prussia,  prov- 
ince of  Brandenburg,  22  miles  S.W.  of  Potsdam.  Here  the 
allies  defeated  the  French,  August  27,  1813. 

Hageman,  ha'gh^-man,  a  post-village  of  Porter  co., 
Ind.,  13  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Valparaiso. 

Hagan,  hi'gh^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  26 
miles  by  rail  \V.  of  Arnsberg,  on  the  Volme.  Pop.  24,335, 
who  manufacture  iron-ware,  woollen  cloth,  paper,  Ac. 

Hagcnau,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Haguenau. 

Uagenburg,  hi'gh§n-booBG\  a  town  in  Schaumburg- 
Lippe,  near  the  S.  shore  of  Lake  Steinhude.     Pop.  1175. 

Hagcnmeister  (hi'gh§n-mi^ster)  Island,  off  the 
coast  of  Alaska,  near  lat.  59°  N.,  Ion.'  160°  23'  W. 

Hagenow,  h3,'gh§h-nov\  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Meck- 
lenburg-Schwerin,  on  the  Hamburg  &  Berlin  Railway,  17 
miles  S.W.  of  Sehwerin.     Pop.  3748. 

Ha'ger's  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Mo.,  on 
the  North  Fork  of  Salt  River,  7  miles  N.  of  Clarence.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  50. 

Ha'gerstown,  or  Ha'garstown,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Fayette  co.,  111.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  &  Tcrre  Haute 
llailroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Vandalia.     It  has  a  church. 

Hagerstown,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Jefiferson  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Whitewater  River, 
7  miles  by  rail  N.of  Cambridge  City,  and  16  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Richmond.  It  has  a  town  hall,  3  churches,  a  bank,  2 
newspaper  offices,  an  academy,  2  flour-mills,  2  carriage- 
factories,  2  grain-elevators,  and  manufactures  of  washing- 
machines,  soap,  barrel-staves,  <tc.  Pop.  in  1890,  873  j  of 
the  township,  1784. 

Hagerstown,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Washington  co., 
Md.,  on  the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad,  22  miles  S.  of 
Chambersburg,  Pa.,  22  miles  N.W.  of  Frederick,  and  84 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Baltimore,  with  which  it  is  connected  by 
the  Western  Maryland  Railroad.  It  is  also  the  N.  terminus 
of  the  Washington  County  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  <t  Ohio 
Railroad.  It  has  a  court-house,  2  national  banks,  1  other 
bank,  15  churches,  2  high  schools,  a  seminary  for  ladies, 
several  machine-shops,  flour-mills,  carriage-shops,  and 
manufactures  of  bricks,  pottery,  leather,  <fcc.  Four  daily 
and  4  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop.  in 
1890,  10,118. 

Hagerstown,  a  hamlet  of  Salem  oo.,  N.J.,  3  miles  S. 
of  Salem. 

Hagerstown,  Ohio.    See  New  Hagerstown. 

Hagersville,  ha'gh§rz-vn,  a  post- village  of  Bucks  co.. 
Pa.,  2.i  miles  from  Perkasie  Station,  and  about  34  miles  N. 
of  Philadelphia.     It  has  2  general  stores  and  a  church. 

Hagersville,  ha'gh^rz-vil,  a  post-village  in  Haldi- 
mand  co.,  Ontario,  at  the  junction  of  the  Canada  Southern 
and  Hamilton  <fc  Lake  Erie  Railways,  10  miles  AV.  of  Cayuga. 
Tt  has  an  iron-  foundry,  a  grist-mill,  and  7  or  8  stores. 


Hagetmau,  hi^zhi'mo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Landes, 

7  miles  S.  of  Saint-Sever.     Pop.  1797. 

Hag'gerstone,  a  high  rocky  island  on  the  N.E.  coast 
of  Australia.  Lat.  12°  1'  40"  S.;  Ion.  143°  12'  E.  Near 
it  is  Sir  Everard  Home's  group. 

Hag'gett's,  a  station  in  Andover  township,  Esse.x  co., 
Mass.,  on  the  Lowell  k  Lawrence  Railroad,  5  miles  S.AV.  of 
Lawrence.     Here  is  Haggett's  Pond,  a  picnic  resort. 

Hag'ginsville,  a  post-office  of  Sacramento  co.,  Cal. 

Hcigglingen,  hAg'gling-§n,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  of  Aargau,  about  5  miles  from  Bremgarten.  The 
war  called  the  Kapellerkrieg  was  terminated  by  a  pcac« 
made  here  in  1531.     Pop.  1546. 

Haggs,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  8  miles  S.  of 
Stirling.     Pop.  534. 

Hagia,  hi'ghe-S,  (i.e., in  Greek,  "Saint"),  the  name  of 
several  small  villages  of  Greece. 

Hagia,  h3i'ghe-4,  a  town  of  European  Turkeji^in  Thes- 
saly,  13  miles  E.  of  Larissa.     Pop.  4800. 

Hagia  Deka,  hi'ghe-a.  dd'ki,  a  town  of  Crete,  near 
the  ruins  of  ancient  Gortynia,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Candia. 

Hag'insville,  a  post-office  of  Bullock  co.,  Ga. 

Hagion  Oros,  a  mountain  of  Greece.     See  Athos. 

Hagiostrati,  hi'ghe-os-trl'tee,  or  Stratia,  stri'- 
tee-3,  (anc.  Ne'm),  an  island  in  the  Grecian  Archipelago, 
belonging  to  Turkey,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Lemnos,  with  a 
village  of  the  same  name  on  its  W.  coast. 

Hag'lerville,  a  post-office  of  Henry  co.,  Tenn. 

Hagley,  Illinois.     See  Newmansville. 

Hague,  haig.  The  (Dutch,  'S  OravenTiaag,  s'gri'v^n- 
h8,a\  or  'S  Gravenhage,  8'gri'v?n-hS,*Gh?h,  Den  Haag,  dfin 
hio ;  Ger.  Bang,  h5,G ;  Fr.  La  Haye,  13,  h4 ;  It.  Aja,  &'yS.), 
a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  capital  of  the  province  of  South 
Holland,  and  the  usual  residence  of  the  court  and  of  the 
states-general,  on  a  branch  of  the  Leyden  &  Rotterdam 
Canal,  4  miles  from  the  North  Sea,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Rot- 
terdam, and  33  miles  S.W.  of  Amsterdam,  with  which  cities 
it  also  communicates  by  railways.  Lat.  52°  4'  20"  N. ;  Ion. 
4°  18'  40"  E.  Pop.  in  1863,  84,615;  in  1890,  160,531. 
Mean  temperature  of  the  year,  52°  Fahr.;  winter,  38.2°; 
summer,  65.6°.  It  is  a  handsome  town,  with  little  commerce 
or  manufactures,  and  many  of  its  streets  are  intersected  by 
canals,  bordered  with  rows  of  trees.  All  the  principal  edifices 
are  in  the  Vy  verberg,  or  great  square  of  its  N.  or  fashionable 
quarter.  The  national  museum  comprises  collections  of 
Chinese  and  Japanese  curiosities  and  of  Dutch  national 
relics,  with  a  rich  gallery  of  Dutch  paintings.  The  palace 
of  the  Prince  of  Orange  has  also  a  good  collection  of  Dutch 
paintings.  The  king's  palace  is  a  plain  edifice  of  Grecian 
architecture.  The  Binnenhof,  appropriated  to  the  states 
assembly  and  the  chief  government  offices,  comprises  a  por- 
tion of  the  residence  of  the  ancient  counts  of  Holland.  The 
town  has  an  orphan  asylum,  prisons,  numerous  schools,  and 
a  theatre.  The  royal  library  contains  100,000  volumes, 
and  here  are  many  learned  associations  and  private  gal- 
leries of  art.  Some  printing  and  manufactures  are  carried 
on.  A  fine  road,  called  the  Voorhout,  leads  N.  to  the  Bosch, 
a  wooded  park  with  a  suburban  royal  seat ;  and  li  miles 
S.E.  of  the  Hague  stood  the  castle  of  Ryswick,  memorable 
for  the  treaty  signed  there  in  1697.  A  bronze  statue  of 
William,  Prince  of  Orange,  was  erected  in  1848. 

'S  Gravenhaag  signifies  literally  "  the  count's  hedge, 
grove,  or  wood,"  and  appears  to  have  owed  its  origin  to  a 
hunting-seat  of  the  counts  of  Holland,  situated  in  a  wood. 
This,  however,  became  a  palace  as  early  as  1250,  and  around 
it  many  other  houses  were  soon  erected.  But  it  has  risen 
into  importance  chiefly  since  the  beginning  of  the  present 
century,  and  mainly  through  being  made  the  residence  of 
the  court  and  the  foreign  ministers  and  the  seat  of  the 
states-general  and  the  government. 

Hague,  haig,  a  post-township  of  Warren  co.,  N.Y., 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  Lake  George.  It  presents  beautiful 
scenery,  and  has  iron-mines.     Pop.  681. 

Hague,  a  post-hamlet  of  McLennan  co.,  Tex.,  7  miles 
from  Waco.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hague,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Va.,  about 
65  miles  N.E.  of  Richmond. 

Haguenau,  hig'no'  or  ig'no',  written  also  Hagenau, 
h5,'gh§h-nSw\  a  fortified  town  of  Germany,  in  Alsace  (for- 
merly belonging  to  France),  on  the  Moder,  16  miles  N.  of 
Strasburg.  It  was  originally  fortified  by  the  Emperor  Fred- 
erick Barbarossa  in  the  twelfth  century,  and  has  a  church 
of  that  period,  a  synagogue,  civil  and  military  hospitals,  a 
female  penitentiary,  hemp-  and  cotton-yarn-,  madder-,  and 
oil-mills,  manufactories  of  woollen  and  cotton  fabrics,  earth- 
enware, and  soap,  breweries,  and  metal-foundries.  Pop. 
11,386. 


UAH 


1346 


HAJ 


Ua  Ila  Bart  Queb«o.    Soe  Qranr  Bat. 

IIahi'ra»  a  po«t-offio«  of  Lowndea  co.,  0». 

liahnanaat  h&n'%-mfn,  a  township  of  Wbitosido  oo., 
m.  r»p.  «34.  It  conUins  Doer  Grove,  and  includes  a 
part  of  the  Winnebago  Swamp. 

Iluhn's  (b&ui)  Peak,  a  post-village,  capiUl  of  Routt 
«o..  Cut.,  U  milea  N.  of  Steamboat  Springs.  Gold  ia  tninod 
here. 

Ilahnville,  hin'vll,  a  village  of  St.  Charles  parish, 
]ji,,  1  luile  from  Uahnvillo  Railroad  Station,  and  2  inilus 
W.  of  St.  Charles.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Iluiatpoor,  hi^at-poor',  a  town  of  Bengal,  district  and 
35  miles  N.W.  of  Maldah,  on  the  Ganges,  at  the  junction 
•f  the  Kalindri.     It  is  the  scat  of  a  largo  trade. 

Ilnibak,  an  Afghan  town.    See  IIeiduk. 

ilaidy  bid,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  circle  and  22  miles  S. 
of  Budwcis.     Pop.  750. 

Ilaid,  llaya,  hid,  or  Haydc,  ht'd^h,  a  town  of  Bo- 
beniiit,  25  miles  W.  of  Pilson.     Pop.  1630. 

llaida,  lleida,  hi'd&,  or  Ilaide,  hi'd^h,  a  town  of 
Bohemia,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Lcitmoritz.  Pop.  2069.  It  has 
manufactured  of  glass  and  crystals. 

Iluidcc,  hi'doe,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Pa. 

Uaidhausen^  hid'huw^zgn,  a  village  of  Upper  Bava- 
ria, on  the  Isar,  immediately  opposite  Munich,  of  which  it 
forms  a  suburb.     Pop.  3700. 

Haiduck  (hi'd55k)  (Higdok,  or  Heydnke)  Dis- 
trict, called  also  Ilaidiickeii,  Ilayducken,  or  11(0- 
duekcn  (hi'do6k-?n)  District,  a  district  or  county  of  E. 
Central  Hungary,  comprising  the  so-callod  Haiduck  towns  of 
Bosziirmeny,  Dcbreczin,  Dorogh,  Hadhdz,  Nanas,  Szoboszlo, 
and  Vamos-Percs.  The  people  (Ilaiducks)  long  bad  peculiar 
privileges.     Area,  1289  square  wiles.     Pop.  163,742. 

Hai-Dzuong,  hi-dzoo^ong',  a  fortified  town  of  Anam, 
In  Tonquin,  civpital  of  a  provinoo.     Pop.  30,000. 

Haifa,  hi'fa,  written  also  Kaiflfa,  or  Caitfa,  kiPfa, 
a  town  of  Palestine,  on  the  Bay  of  Acre.  Lat.  32°  49' 
12"  N.;  Ion.  35°'  1'  E.  It  has  a  Roman  Catholic  and 
a  Greek  church,  a  mosque,  and  several  small  synagogues. 
Pop.  4000.  One  mile  W.  of  Haifa,  and  at  the  foot  of  Mt. 
Carmel,  stands  a  German-American  mission  colony,  with  a 
good  school,  60  stone  dwellings,  a  grist-mill,  and  manufac- 
tories of  soap  and  olivo-wood  wares.     Pop.  of  colony,  330. 

Hai-Fong,  or  Ilai-Phong,  hi^fong',  a  town  and 
open  port  of  Tonquin,  French  Indo-China,  near  the  mouth 
of  an  arm  of  the  Tonquin  River.  Lat.  20°  63'  N.;  Ion. 
106°  45'  E.  It  has  a  French  garrison  and  a  large  trade  by 
sea.    Ships  drawing  20  feet  can  reach  it. 

llai-Foong,  or  Hai-Fung,  hi'foong',  a  town  of 
China,  province  of  Shan-Toong,  near  the  confines  of  Pe- 
Chee-Lee.     Lat  37°  50'  N.;  Ion.  117°  44'  E. 

Ilai-Foong,  or  Ilai-Fung,  a  town  of  China,  prov- 
ince of  Quang-Tong,  82  miles  E.  of  Canton.  Lat.  23°  7' 
N.;  Ion.  115°  20'  E. 

Haiger,  hi'gh^r,  a  village  of  Prussia,  34  miles  N.E.  of 
Nassau,  on  the  Dille.     Pop.  1417. 

Ilaigerloch,  hi'gh?r-loK^,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in 
Hohenzollern,  8  miles  W.  of  Ilechingen.     Pop.  1155. 

Hai-Keoo-So,  or  Ilai-Kheou-So,  hi'ke-oo^so',  a 
maritime  town  of  the  island  of  Hainan,  in  the  China  Sea, 
on  the  N.  coast  of  the  island,  and  the  chief  mart  of  its  trade, 
on  a  peninsula,  3  miles  N.  of  its  capital  city,  Kiong-Choo. 

liai-Lam,  an  island  of  China.    See  IIainan. 

Ilaileaborough,  halz'bur-ruh,  a  post-village  of  St. 
Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Fowler  township,  on  the  Oswegat- 
ebie  River,  2}  miles  S.E.  of  Gouverncur. 

Hailey,  ha'le,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Alturas  co.,  Idaho, 
on  Wood  River,  120  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Boisg  City.  It  has 
8  churches,  a  bank,  an  academy,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  lum- 
ber- and  saw-mill,  a  brewery,  and  extensive  mining  and 
agricultural  interests.     Pop.  1073. 

HaiI'ville,  a  post-office  of  Houston  co.,  Tex. 

Ilaimburg,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Hainbubg. 

Hain,  a  town  of  Saxony.    See  Grossbnhain. 

Haina,  hi'ni,  or  Jaina,  Hi'ni,  a  river  and  bay  of 
Hayti :  the  river,  after  a  southward  course  of  38  miles, 
enters  the  bay  12  miles  S.W.  of  Santo  Domingo,  and  on  the 
E.  side  of  the  bay  is  a  village  of  the  same  name. 

Haina,  hi'n&,  a  village  of  Hesse-Nassau,  with  a  lunatic 
asylum  in  the  rich  abbey  of  Cistercians. 

Hainan,  bi'nin'  (Chinese,  Hai-Lam,  hiMim',  "south 
of  the  sea"),  a  large  island  belonging  to  China,  province 
of  Quang-Tong,  between  lat.  18°  10'  and  20°  N.  and  Ion. 
108°  25'  and  111°  E.,  and  separating  the  Gulf  of  Tonquin 
from  the  China  Sea.  Estimated  area,  12,000  square  miles. 
Pop.  probably  comprises  1,000,000  Chinese,  exclusive  of 
■wild  tribes  in  the  interior.    Some  of  the  mountains  in  its 


centre  rise  above  the  snow-line.  It  has  some  pretty  large 
rivers.  The  coasts  are  generally  rooky,  but  the  W .  is  low, 
and  the  S.  has  several  good  harbors.  Soil  not  very  fertile; 
timber  is  a  ])rincipal  ]>roduct,  and  is  sent  to  Annum,  Siam, 
and  Singapore;  other  exports  are  rice,  sugar,  wax,  ]ioarl8, 
coral,  salt,  and  a  little  gold  and  silver.  It  is  subdivided 
into  13  districts.  Kiung-Choo,  the  capital,  is  a  populoui 
city  on  its  N.  ooast;  other  prinoipal  towns  are  Ilush-Kon, 
Ilai-Kooo-So,  and  Lok-Hoi. 

Hainan,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  IIaykau. 

Ilninault,  h4'n0',  a  former  forest  of  England,  co.  of 
Essex,  lying  to  the  E,  of  Epping  Forest,  and  N.W.  of 
Romford. 

Hainaut,  or  Hninanlt,  h&'nO'  (Dutch,  Ifenuegowen, 
h6n'n9h-go'<>on ;  Gor.  Iletineijdu,  hin'n^h-gow^),  a  frontier 
province  of  Belgium,  bounded  W.  and  S.  by  France.  Area, 
1437  square  miles.  Pop.  956,354.  Surface  generally  level ; 
hilly  in  the  S.E.  It  ia  traversed  by  the  Sambro,  S<!hcldt, 
Dcnder,  and  Ilaine  Rivers,  and  by  several  canals.  Princi- 
pal towns,  Mons,  Toumay,  and  Charleroi. 

Hainaut,  or  Hainault,  h&^nO',  an  ancient  province, 
now  forming  part  of  the  N.E.  of  France  and  S.W.  of  Bel- 
gium. In  the  time  of  Cicsar  it  was  inhabited  by  the  Nervii, 
and  not  until  the  eoventh  century  did  it  take  the  name  of 
Hainaut.  A  part  was  ceded  to  the  French  in  1659  and 
1678,  and  is  now  included  in  the  department  of  Nord. 

Ilainburg,  hin'bouuo,  or  Ilaimburg,  him'booRO,  a 
town  of  Lower  Austria,  on  the  Danube,  27  miles  by  rail 
E.S.E.  of  Vienna.  Pop.  4178.  It  has  an  important  to- 
bacco-factory, the  largest  in  Austria. 

Ilaindorf,  hin'douf,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  8  miles  from 
Friedland,  nt  the  foot  of  the  laergcbirge.     Pop.  1358. 

Hainc,  hin,  a  river  of  Belgium,  after  a  W.  course  of  40 
miles  joins  the  Scheldt  in  Franco,  opposite  Condc. 

Haines,  hanz,  a  station  on  the  Columbia  &,  Port  De- 
posit Railroad,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Port  Deposit,  Md. 

Haines,  a  township  of  Centre  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1354.  It 
contains  Aaronsburg. 

Haine-Saint-Pierre,  h&n-s&N<>-pe-aiK',  a  village  of 
Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  12  miles  W.  of  Charleroi.    Pop.  2000. 

Hainesburg,  hiinz'burg,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co., 
N.J.,  in  Knowlton  township,  on  the  Paulins  River,  and  on 
the  Blairstown  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Belvidere.  It  has 
a  church,  a  cotton-factory,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Haines  (hanz)  Creek,  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  enters 
the  S.  branch  of  Rancocas  Creek,  above  Lumborton. 

Hainesport,  hunz'port,  a  post-village  of  Burlington 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  Rancocas  Creek,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  1  mile  W.  of  Mount  Holly.  It  has  a  church,  and 
a  manufactory  of  cast-iron  sinks  and  pipes.     P.  about  200. 

Haincsville,  hanz'vil,  a  post-village  of  Lake  co.,  III., 
in  Avon  township,  12  miles  W.  of  Waukegan.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  about  200.    See  also  Prettyman. 

Haincsville,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  Mo.,  about 
36  miles  N.N.E.  of  Kansas  City,  and  12  miles  S.E.  of  Platts- 
burg.  It  was  formerly  more  populous  than  at  present. 
Pop.  248, 

Haincsville,  a  post-village  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  9 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Port  Jervis,  N.Y.     It  has  a  church. 

Haincsville,  a  hamlet  of  Berkeley  co.,  W.  Va.,  i  mile 
W.  of  Bedington. 

Haincsville,  a  post-office  of  Hampshire  co.,  AV.  Va. 

Haincwalde,  hi'n^h-^&rd^h,  a  village  of  Saxony, 
near  Zittau.     Pop.  2677,  mostly  weavers. 

Ilainichen,  hi'niK-^n,  a  town  of  Saxony,  40  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Leipsic.  It  has  manufactures  of  cotton  goods, 
linens,  flannel,  <&c.,  also  coal-mines.     Pop.  8331. 

Hainspach,  hin'gpIlK,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  37  miles 
N.  of  Leitmeritz.     Pop.  2660. 

Hain-zur-Drcicich,  hine-tsoon-dri'iK,  or  Drci- 
cichcnhain,  drl-iK'^n-hine^  a  walled  town  of  Hesse, 
province  of  Starkenburg,  near  0£fenbach.     Pop.  1007, 

Hai-Phong,  a  town  of  Tonquin.    See  Hai-Fong. 

Hair's  VaI'ley,  a  post-office  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa. 

Hairumbo,  a  country  of  India,    See  Caciiar, 

Hair'y  Hear,  a  peak  of  the  Black  Mountains,  in  West- 
ern North  Carolina,  6610  feet  high. 

Hai-Tan,  hrtin',  an  island  of  the  Strait  of  Formosa, 
in  the  China  Sea.     Lat,  25°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  120°  E. 

Haiterbach,  bi't^r-b&K^  a  town  of  Wilrtomberg, 
Black  Forest,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Stuttgart,     Pop.  1854, 

Haiti,  an  island  of  the  West  Indies,    Soe  Hayti. 

Haiar,  a  district  of  Arabia.    See  Lahsa. 

Haiducken  District,  Hungary.    See  Haiduck. 

HaJee-Abbassee,  or  Hadji-Abbassi,  h&d'jee- 
&b-b&s'see,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the  Bartan,  60 
miles  W,S,W.  of  Kastamoonee. 


IIAJ 


1847 


HAL 


Htuee-Hamzah,orHadJi-Hainza,hi<i'jee-him'- 

rl,  a  neat  country  town  of  Asia  Minor,  26  miles  E.  of  Tosia, 
near  the  Kizil-Irmak. 

Hajee-Ogloo-Bazaijeek,  or  Hadji-Oglou- 
Bazardjik,  hid'jee-og'loo-b5.-zir-jeek',  also  called  Ba- 
zarjeek,  Basarjik,  or  Basardschyk,  a  town  of  Bul- 
garia, 22  miles  N.  of  Varna.     Pop.  6000. 

Hajeepoor,  a  town  of  India.    See  Hadjypook. 

Hi)ji(^bad,  hi-j3,-b4d',  a  small  town  of  Persia,  in  Ker- 
man,  40  miles  W.  of  Gombroon,  near  the  centre  of  the  Per- 
sian Gulf.     Pop.  from  600  to  700. 

Ilajiabad,  a  village  of  Persia,  in  Irak-Ajemee,  near 
Teheran. 

Hiijilar,  or  Hadjilar,  hi-je-lan',  a  village  of  Asia 
Minor,  40  miles  S.W.  of  Konieh,  near  the  ruins  of  Isaura. 

Ilajssin,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Gajssin. 

Ilakary,  Hakkari,  hAk-ki'ree%  or  Hakiaria,  hl- 
ke-5.-ree'l,  a  mountain-district  of  Turkish  Koordistan,  of 
which  Joolamerk  is  the  capital.  Estimated  pop.  50,000 
families,  Ncstorian  Christians. 

Hak'ersayS  one  of  the  smallest  of  the  Hebrides,  Scot- 
land, between  Barra  and  South  Uist. 

Hakim-Khan,  hS.'kim-K3,n,  written  also  Hakin- 
Khaii)  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  pashalic  and  65  miles 
S.E.  of  Seevas.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Hakodadi,  hi-ko-di'dc,  or  Hakodate,  hi-ko-di'ti, 
an  open  seaport  town  of  Japan,  at  the  S.W.  extremity  of 
the  island  of  Yesso.  Lat.  41°  47'  N. ;  Ion.  140°  45'  E.  It 
has  but  little  foreign  commerce,  but  its  climate  is  very  cool 
and  pleasant,  and  its  harbor  spacious.    Pop.  (1890)  52,909. 

Hal,  hil,  or  Halle,  hil'l^h,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in 
South  Brabant,  on  the  Sonne,  and  on  the  Charleroi  Canal, 
at  a  railway  junction,  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Brussels.    P.  7716. 

Hala,  a  town  of  India.     See  Halla. 

Halabli,  a  village  of  Turkey.    See  Alablee. 

Halai,  hi-li',  a  villageof  Abyssinia,  state  of  Tigr6,  120 
miles  N.  of  Antalo,  on  the  route  to  Arkeeko,  and  8625  feet 
above  the  sea.     Pop.  400. 

Hala  (hi'ia,)  Mountains,  an  extensive  and  lofty 
range  in  Beloochistan,  stretching  from  N.  to  S.,  and  termi- 
nating, in  the  latter  direction,  at  Cape  Monze,  in  the  Ara- 
bian Sea,  lat.  24°  48'  N.,  Ion.  66°  50'  E.  Two  main 
passes  intersect  these  mountains, — the  Bolan  and  Moola 
Passes,  each  affording  a  tedious  but  not  very  diflScult 
access  from  the  plains  on  the  E.  to  the  western  highlands. 

Halas,  hoh'losh',  a  town  of  Hungary,  in  Little  Cuma- 
nia,  75  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pesth,  on  Lake  Halasto.  It  has  a 
gymnasium  and  manufactures  of  wine.     Pop.  13,127. 

Halazestat,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Hallstadt. 

Halbau,  hil'bow,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  45  miles 
N.W.  of  Liegnitz,  and  on  the  railway  from  Berlin  to  Bres- 
lau.     Pop.  1090. 

Halberstadt,  hS,l'b§r-stitt\  a  town  of  Prussian  Sax- 
ony, government  and  29  miles  S.W.  of  Magdeburg,  at  a 
railway  junction.  Pop.  27,757.  It  is  built  in  an  antique 
style,  and  has  a  cathedral  of  the  fifteenth  century,  12  other 
churches  (10  Protestant  and  2  Roman  Catholic),  a  syna- 
gogue, a  handsome  mansion-house,  formerly  a  royal  palace, 
a  theatre,  gymnasium,  normal  school,  2  large  public  libra- 
ries, various  private  museums  and  picture-galleries,  and 
manufivctures  of  woollen  stuffs,  leather,  carpets,  linen  Sabrics, 
gloves,  straw  hats,  starch,  tobacco,  soap,  <fcc.,  with  large  oil- 
refineries,  many  breweries,  and  an  active  trade. 

Hal'bert,  a  township  of  Martin  co.,  Ind.,  bounded 
N.W.  by  the  East  Fork  of  White  River.     Pop.  1336. 

Halbthurn,  hS,lb'tooRn\  a  village  of  Hungary,  24 
miles  N.E.  of  Oedenburg.     Pop.  2093. 

Hal 'bur,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Iowa,  9  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Carroll.     It  has  a  bank,  Ac. 

Halcott  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Halcott  township,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Griffin's  Corners  Sta- 
tion.    It  has  2  churches  and  2  saw-mills. 

Hal'cottsville,  a  post-village  in  Middletown  township, 
Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Ulster  A  Delaware  Railroad,  49 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Kingston.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  woollen-factory. 

Halcyon  (hal'si-on)  Hale,  a  post-office  of  Scriven 
00.,  Ga.,  on  the  Central  Georgia  Railroad,  50  miles  N.W. 
of  Savannah. 

Hald,  hild,  a  village  of  Denmark,  in  Jutland,  5  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Viborg,  on  a  small  lake  of  the  same  name.  It 
has  the  extensive  ruins  of  a  strong  castle. 

HaI'dane,  a  post-village  of  Ogle  co..  111.,  in  Lincoln 
township,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  17  miles  S.  of 
Freeport.     It  has  a  church. 

Haldensleben,  ha.rd§ns-li'b§n.  New  and  Old,  two 
adjacent  towns  of  Prussian  Saxony,  about  15  miles  N.W. 


of  Magdeburg,  on  the  Ohre.  Pop.  of  New  Haldensleben, 
5847  ;  of  Old  Haldensleben,  2092. 

Hal'dimand,  a  county  of  Ontario,  situated  near  the  E. 
end  of  Lake  Ontario,  Area,  357  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Grand  River,  and  traversed  by  tho  Grand  Trunk, 
Great  Western  (Air-Line),  Canada  Southern,  and  Hamilton 
&  Lake  Erie  Railways.     Capital,  Cayuga.     Pop.  19,042. 

Haldimand,  villages  of  Ontario.  See  Byno  and 
Grafton. 

HaI'don,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Devon,  4i  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Exeter. 

Haldubary,  or  Haldabari,  hil'd^-b^'ree,  a  town 
of  Bengal,  55  miles  N.E.  of  Purneah. 

Hale,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Alabama,  has  an  area 
of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the 
Black  Warrior  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton, 
Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  The 
Alabama  Central  Railroad  passes  along  the  S.  border  of 
this  county,  which  is  also  intersected  by  tho  Alabama  & 
Chattanooga  Railroad.  Capital,  Greensborough.  Pop.  in 
1870,  21,792;  in  1880,  26,553;  in  1890,  27,.i01. 

Hale,  a  county  of  Northwestern  Texas,  on  the  Staked 
Plain.  Area,  1100  square  miles.  It  is  interrected  by  tho 
Brazos  River  and  Cattish  Creek.  Capital,  Plainview.  Pop. 
in  1890,  721. 

Hale,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co..  Mo.,  23  miles  by 
rail  N.  by  E.  of  Carrollton.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks, 
public  schools,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  in 
1890.  630. 

Hale,  a  township  of  Hardin  co.,  0.  Pop.  1254.  It  con- 
tains Ridgeway  and  Mount  Victory. 

Hale,  a  post-township  of  Trempealeau  co.,  Wis.,  about 
25  miles  S.S.E.  of  Eau  Claire.     Pop.  1020. 

Haleb,orHaleb  es  Shabba,  the  Arabic  for  Aleppo. 

Haleborough,  hal'bar-riih,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hale 
CO.,  Ala.,  10  miles  N.  of  Greensborough.  It  has  a  mineral 
spring. 

Hal'edon,  a  village  of  Passaic  co.,  N.J.,  in  Manchester 
township,  2  miles  from  Paterson.  It  has  a  church,  a  silk- 
factory,  and  2  stone-quarries. 

Hale'na,  a  post-village  of  Sandusky  co.,  0.,  in  Jackson 
and  Washington  townships,  on  the  Toledo,  Tiffin  <fe  Eastern 
Railroad,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Toledo.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hale's  Bay,  a  hamlet  and  landing  in  Delta  co.,  Mich., 
on  Big  Bay  de  Noquet,  Lake  Michigan,  30  miles  N.E.  of 
Escanaba.     Here  is  Garden  Post-Office. 

Halesborough,  halz'biir-r&h,  a  post-hamlct  of  Red 
River  co.,  Tex.,  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Paris.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  high  school. 

Hale's  Corner,  a  post-village  of  Milwaukee  co..  Wis., 
in  Greenfield  township,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Milwaukee.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  large  lime-kiln. 

Hale's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Scioto  co.,  0.,  is  at 
Pioneer  Station  on  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  22 
miles  N.E.  of  Portsmouth. 

Hale's  Ed'dy,  a  post-village  and  station  of  Delaware 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  AV est  Branch  of  the  Delaware,  here  crossed 
by  a  bridge,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  43  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Binghamton.     It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  church.     Pop.  150. 

Hale's  Ford,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Va. 

Hale's  Loca'tion,  a  tract  of  land  in  Carroll  co.,  N.H., 
in  the  White  Mountain  region.     Pop.  4. 

HalesoAven,  h^lz'o'en,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Worcester,  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Birmingham.  Pop.  2984. 
It  has  a  handsome  main  street,  a  Norman  church,  a  chapel 
partly  built  in  the  Saxon  era,  some  remains  of  a  large 
abbey  founded  in  the  reign  of  John,  and  a  grammar-school. 

Hale's  Point,  a  post-office  of  Lauderdale  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Missi8si]>pi  River,  35  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Dyersburg. 
Here  is  a  steamboat-landing. 

Hale's  Sul'phur  Spring,  a  watering-place  of  Haw- 
kins  CO.,  Tonn.,  6  miles  N.  of  Rogersville. 

Halesworth,  hilz'worth,  a  market-town  and  parish 
of  England,  co.  of  Suffolk,  on  the  Blyth,  7  miles  S.  of 
Ipswich.  It  has  manufactures  of  hempen  fabrics.  Pop.  of 
parish,  2437. 

Hale  Tillage,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jones  eo.,  Iowa,  in 
Hale  township,  on  tho  Sabula,  Ackley  &  Dakota  Railroad, 
about  50  miles  N.N.W.  of  Davenport.     It  has  a  church. 

Hale'wood,  a  township  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster, 
4  miles  S.  of  Proscot.     Pop.  1790. 

Hale  Wood,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  N.C. 

Haley's,  ha'llz,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Ala. 

Haley's,  a  station  in  Perry  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad,  main  line,  7  miles  N.AV.  of  Harrisburg. 

Ha'leysburg,  a  post-office  of  Lunenburg  co.,  V» 


HAL 


1348 


UAL 


Ha'ley't  Mill,  %  port-office  of  Chrl«tlim  oo.,  Ky. 

lliilcy's  Station,  a  post-oflSoe  of  Bedford  co..  Tonn., 
on  the  NMhrille  A  Chattanooga  Railroad,  68  milea  S.  of 
Nashville. 

Halfar*  Halfai,  blrfl',  Halfaia,  or  Halfayeh, 
h&l-fi'fh,  a  town  of  Nubia,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Nile,  li 
iniloi*  N.  of  Khartoom. 

IlalTbrced  Creek,  of  Leo  oo.,  Iowa,  flows  into  the 
Do8  Moines  Hivor,  about  7  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Half  Day,  a  post-village  of  Lake  oo.,  III.,  In  Vernon 
township,  on  the  Dca  Plainoa  River,  25  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Chicago.     It  has  a  church,  4  stores,  and  3  wagon-shops. 

Half  Dome,  California,  a  granite  mounttiin  which 
stand:)  near  the  E.  end  of  the  Yosemite  Valley  and  is  sep- 
arated from  the  North  Dome  by  the  cnKon  of  the  Tenaya 
Fork.  It  is  the  grandest  and  loftiest  mass  of  the  Yosomito 
Valley,  above  which  it  rises  4737  foot.  Its  altitude  is  about 
8800  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  The  face  fronting  tlio 
Tenaya  is  absolutely  vertical  for  2000  feet  down  from  the 
summit,  which  is  said  to  bo  inaccessible.  "  It  is  a  unique 
thing  in  mountain-scenery,"  says  Professor  Whitney.  "  It 
strikes  even  the  most  casual  observer  as  a  now  revelation  in 
mountain-forms."  It  appears  like  the  half  of  a  domo- 
■bapod  mountain  which  had  been  bisected  vertically  and 
one  half  removed. 

Half  Moon,  a  post-township  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y., 
about  15  miles  N.  of  Albany,  is  bounded  on  tho  E.  by  the 
Hudson  River,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  Mohawk.  It  borders 
on  the  Erio  Canal.  It  contains  a  part  of  Mcchaniosvillc, 
also  villages  named  Crescent  and  Middletown.  It  has  9 
churches.     Pop.SlSS.    Half-Moon  Post-Office  is  at  MiDDLii:- 

TOWN, 

Half  Moon,  a  hamlet  of  Centre  co..  Pa.,  in  Half  Moon 
township,  3  miios  E.  of  Port  Matilda  Station.  It  has  a 
church.     Here  is  Stormstown  Post-Office.     Pop.  698. 

Halfmoon  Bay,  a  post-office  of  San  Mateo  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  Pacific  Ocean,  about  27  miles  S.  of  San  Francisco. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  plough-factory,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac. 

Half  Moon  Island,  a  post-office  of  Roane  oo.,  Tenn. 

Half  3Ioon  Islands,  a  group  in  tho  Malay  Archi- 
pelago.    Lat.  9°  N. ;  Ion.  115°  10'  E. 

Half  Moon  Keys,  some  reefs  and  islands  immediately 
E.  of  Portland  Point,  the  S.  extremity  of  Jamaica. 

Half  Mound,  a  station  in  Atchison  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Kansas  Central  Railroad,  15  miles  E.  of  Holton. 

Half  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morcer  co.,  Mo.,  in  Med- 
icine township,  10  miles  E.  of  Mill  Grove.     It  has  a  church. 

Half  "Way,  a  post-office  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas. 

Half  Way,  a  post-office  of  Allen  co.,  Ky. 

Half  Way,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co.,  Mo.,  27  miles 
N.W.  of  Marshfield.     It  has  a  church. 

Half  Way,  a  post-office  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Now  York  Central  Railroad,  14  miles  W.  of  Synususe. 

Half  Way,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  4  miles 
from  The  Plains  Station.     It  ha«  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Half  Way  Creek,  a  post-office  of  La  Crosse  co..  Wis. 

Halfway  Station,  Chesterfield  co.,  Va.,  is  on  the 
Richmond  &  Petersburg  Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of  Richmond. 
Here  is  Proctor's  Creek  Post-Office. 

Halfweg,  hilfwio,  a  small  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
on  tho  railway  between  Amsterdam  and  Haarlem. 
.  Halgan,  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Oxea  Haloak. 

Haliacraon,  the  ancient  name  of  Indje-Kara-Soo. 

Haliavola,  tho  Latin  name  of  GAOLiAvoiiA. 

Hal'iburton,  a  post-village  in  Peterborough  co.,  On- 
tario, at  the  head  of  Lake  Kashagawigamog,  19  miles  N.E. 
of  Minden.  It  contains  9  stores.  Steamers  ply  between 
here  and  Peterborough.     Pop.  150, 

Halibut  (hSlVbut)  or  Sannagh  (sin-nan'  or  sin- 
nag'),  called  also  Sanak  and  Sannak,  Island,  in  tho 
North  Pacific,  near  the  S.W.  extremity  of  the  peninsula  of 
Aliaska.     Lat.  54°  27'  N. ;  Ion.  162°  60'  W. 

Halicarnassus,  tho  ancient  name  of  Boodroou. 

Halics,  the  Hungarian  name  of  Gai.icia. 

Halicz,  hi'litch,  or  Galitch,  gi'litch,  a  town  of  Aus- 
trian Galicia,  on  the  Dniester,  63  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lemberg. 
Pop.  3142. 

Halifax,  hal'^-fax,  a  parliamentary  borough,  large  man- 
nfocturing  town,  and  township  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
West  Riding,  on  the  navigable  Calder,  and  on  two  railways, 
14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Leeds.  It  is  picturesquely  situated  on 
a  declivity,  surrounded  by  lofty  heights,  and,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  a  few  ancient  streets,  is  mostly  built  of  stone.  It 
is  well  paved  and  lighted.  Chief  buildings,  the  Piece  Hall, 
a  vast  and  handsome  stone-built  quadrangle,  containing 
warehouses  in  which  the  manufacturers  keep  their  cloths  for 
sale ;  and  the  parish  church,  a  fine  struetnre  of  the  fifteenth 


century,  and  to  which  about  18  other  churches  and  chapels 
are  subordinate.  All  Souls'  church  is  one  of  the  liiindsomost 
in  England.  Hero  are  also  numerous  meeting-houses  and 
schools,  several  of  which  are  well  cndowe<l,  a  blue-coat  hos- 
pital, founded  in  1642,  a  handsome  modern  infirmary,  a 
jail,  a  fine  town  hall,  a  large  orphanage,  almshouses,  a  pco. 

flic's  park,  a  theatre,  assembly-rooms,  public  baths,  library, 
iterary  society's  hall,  with  library  and  museum,  mechanics' 
institute,  and  several  banks.  The  woollen-manufacture  was 
introduced  hero  early  in  tho  fifteenth  century,  the  abun- 
dance of  water-power  being  probably  tho  great  attraction. 
Since  the  use  of  steam,  this  manufacture  has  immensely 
Increased,  coal  being  plentiful  in  the  parish,  and  the  river 
Calder  forming  a  means  of  communication  with  Hull  on  tho 
one  side  and  Liverpool  on  the  other.  Tho  principal  staples 
are  carpets,  shalloons,  camlets,  figured  vestings,  moreens, 
bombazines,  crapes,  russets,  serges,  baizes,  coatings,  broad 
and  narrow  cloths,  kerseys,  cottons,  and  silks.  Most  of  the 
goods  are  sold  in  an  unfinished  state.  Halifax  sends  two 
members  to  the  House  of  Commons.  The  manor  was  re- 
markable in  the  Middle  Ages  for  its  strict  laws  against 
thieves,  and  exercised  the  power  of  jurisdiction  in  capital 
cases  so  late  as  the  middle  of  the  seventeenth  century. 
Pop.  in  1671,  65,610;  in  ISSl,  73,630;  in  1891,  82,S64. 

Halifax,  hal'^-fax,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  North 
Corolina,  has  an  area  of  about  680  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  and  N.E.  by  the  Roanoke  River,  and  on 
the  S.  by  Fishing  River.  A  large  part  of  the  surface  is 
covered  with  forests.  Tho  soil  is  generally  fertile.  Cotton, 
Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Granite 
abounds  in  the  western  part  of  this  county,  and  tertiary 
rocks  underlie  the  eastern  part.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Wilmington  <fc  Weldon  Railroad  and  the  Raleigh  &  Gaston 
Railroad.  Capital,  Halifax.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,108:  in 
1880,  :SO,300;  in  1890,28,908. 

Halifax,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Virginia,  bordering 
on  North  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  820  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  tho  N.  and  E.  by  the  Staunton  River,  in- 
tersected by  tho  Dan  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Banister 
and  Hycootee  Rivers.  The  surface  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Tobacco,  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Richmond  <fc  Danville  Railroad 
and  by  tlie  Lynchburg  &  Durham  Railroad,  which  passes 
through  Houston  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  27,828;  in 
1880,  33,588  ;  in  1890,  34,424. 

Halifax,  a  post-hamlet  of  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Halifax  township,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  9  miles  N.W. 
of  Plymouth.  It  has  3  churches,  a  common  school,  and  a 
box-factory.     Pop.  of  the  township,  662. 

Halifax,  a  post-office  of  Greeley  co..  Neb. 

Halifax,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Halifax  co.,  N.C,  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  Roanoke  River,  8  miles  by  rail  S.  of 
Weldon,  and  154  miles  N.  of  Wilmington.  It  contains  a 
court-house  and  several  churches.  Its  post-office  is  Halifax 
Court- House.  Steamboats  ascend  the  River  to  this  place. 
Pop.  361. 

Halifax,  a  post-borough  of  Dauphin  co..  Pa.,  in  Halifax 
township,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Northern 
Central  Railroad,  20  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has 
a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  2  churches,  common  schools,  and 
a  shoe-factory.     Pop.  515;  of  the  township,  1208. 

Halifax,  a  post-village  of  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  12  miles 
S.W.  of  Brattleborough.  The  township  is  on  tho  Massa- 
chusetts line.  It  has  2  churches,  district  schools,  and 
manufactures  of  chair-stock.     Pop.  in  1890,  702. 

Halifax,  a  city  and  seaport,  capital  of  Nova  Scotia,  on 
the  S.  coast  of  that  peninsula,  nearly  equidistant  from  its 
N.E.  and  S.W.  extremities,  in  lat.  45°  N.,  Ion.  63°  36'  W. 
It  is  situated  on  the  W.  side  of  Chebucto  Bay,  now  called 
Halifax  Harbor.  The  streets  are  spacious  and  cross  one 
another  at  right  angles.  Many  of  the  houses  are  of  wood, 
plastered  and  stuccoed,  but  many  also  are  built  of  stone. 
The  city  has  24  churches  (including  a  Church  of  England 
cathedral  and  a  Roman  Catholic  cathedral),  a  large  number 
of  school-houses,  some  of  which  are  elegantly  built  struc- 
tures, 6  banks,  2  branch  banks  and  a  savings-bank,  a  city 
and  a  county  court-house,  a  jail,  a  penitentiary,  markets, 
2  or  3  public  halls,  2  large  and  handsome  provincial  build- 
ings, 3  club-houses,  3  colleges,  2  barracks,  3  hospitals  (city, 
military,  and  naval),  a  poor's  asylum,  an  asylum  for  the 
blind,  about  20  hotels,  a  large  number  of  stores,  and  manu- 
factories of  iron  castings,  machinery  of  every  description, 
agricultural  implements,  nails,  pails,  fuse,  gunpowder,  cord- 
age, boots  and  shoes,  soap  and  candles,  leather,  tobacco, 
paper,  cotton  and  woollen  goods,  wooden-ware,  <t«.,  also 
a  sugar-refinery,  distilleries,  and  breweries.     At  the  N. 


J 


w 


HAL 


1349 


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end  of  the  city  is  a  large  royal  dock-yard,  covering  14  aores, 
one  of  the  finest  in  the  British  colonies.  The  harbor  is  6 
miles  long,  by  about  a  mile  in  width;  there  is  excellent 
anchbrage  in  every  part  of  it,  and  at  the  N.  end  it  is  con- 
nected by  a  narrow  arm  with  Bedford  Basin,  6  miles  by  4 
in  size,  capable  of  containing  all  the  navies  of  the  world. 
Halifax  is  protected  by  11  different  fortifications,  and  is  the 
chief  naval  station  of  British  North  America. 

The  city  of  Halifax  is  governed  by  a  mayor  and  alder- 
man, assisted  by  a  stipendiary  magistrate  and  40  policemen. 
The  streets  are  lighted  with  gas,  and  the  houses  supplied 
with  gas  and  water.  The  city  has  extensive  steam  commu- 
nication with  various  parts  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada, 
Newfoundland,  the  United  States,  the  AVest  Indies,  and 
Great  Britain.  Kailway  lines  connect  it  with  Pictou,  An- 
napolis, St.  John,  the  United  States,  and  the  provinces  of 
Quebec  and  Ontario.  Halifax  is  the  southeastern  terminus 
of  the  Intercolonial  Railway.  There  are  owned  here  over 
100  square-rigged  vessels,  and  many  schooners. 

The  city  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons 
and  two  to  the  provincial  legislature.  It  is  the  seat  of  the 
Anglican  bishop  of  Nova  Scotia  and  Prince  Edward  Island, 
and  of  the  Catholic  archbishop  of  Halifax.  Fifteen  news- 
papers are  issued  in  the  city,  4  of  which  are  daily, 

Halifax  was  originally  called  Chedabucto  or  Chebucto, 
but  in  1749,  when  it  was  proclaimed  the  capital  of  Acadia, 
it  received  its  present  name.  In  1790  it  contained  700 
houses  and  4000  inhabitants;  in  1828,  1580  houses  and 
14,439  inhabitants;  and  in  1871,  4:526  houses  and  29,582 
inhabitants;  in  1881,  36,100;  in  1891,  38,556. 

Halifax,  a  county  of  Nova  Scotia,  bordering  on  the 
Atlantic  Ocean.  Area,  2097  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  Shubenacadie,  Musquodoboit,  and  other  rivers,  and 
over  its  surface  are  scattered  several  considerable  lakes. 
The  indentations  of  its  coast  furnish  6  harbors  capable  of 
receiving  ships  of  the  line,  besides  numerous  others  visited 
by  merchant- vessels ;  its  shores  are  thickly  studded  with 
islands.  A  belt  of  high  broken  land  borders  on  the  Atlantic 
throughout  the  entire  extent  of  the  county,  but  beyond 
this  the  surface  is  moderately  level.  Ores  of  lead  are  found 
near  the  Shubenacadie  River,  and  gold-veins  run  through 
nearly  the  whole  county.  The  chief  industry  of  the  in- 
habitants is  directed  to  commerce,  ship-building,  and  the 
fisheries.  Halifax  is  the  most  populous  county  in  Nova 
Scotia.  Capital,  Halifax.  Pop.  17,053,  exclusive  of  the 
city  of  Halifax. 

Halifax,  Quebec.    See  Saint  Ferdinand  de  Halifax. 

Halifax  Uay,  of  Northeast  Australia,  in  lat.  19°  S., 
Ion.  147°  E.,  between  Rockingham  and  Cleveland  Bays,  is 
45  miles  in  width,  and  contains  the  Palm  Islands. 

Halifax  Court-House,  Halifax  co.,  N.C.  See 
Halifax. 

Halifax  Court-House,  or  Banister,  Va.  See 
Houston. 

Halifax  River,  a  navigable  tidal  channel  of  "Volusia 
CO.,  Fla.,  extending  N.  30  miles  from  Mosquito  Inlet,  and 
continuous  southward  with  Hillsborough  River.  It  is 
about  one  mile  wide,  and  flows  into  the  Atlantic.  Its 
waiters  are  salt,  and  abound  in  fish  and  oysters. 

Hall,  hill,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  the  Tyrol,  on  the  Inn, 
6  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Innspruck.  Pop.  6010,  chiefly  employed 
in  salt-mines.  It  has  a  mint,  a  gymnasium,  and  a  ladies' 
seminary,  with  cotton-  and  linen-factories. 

Hall,  a  town  of  Upper  Austria,  19  miles  S.  of  Lintz. 
It  has  iodine  springs  and  a  bath.     Pop.  903. 

Hall,  or  Schwabisch  Hall,  swA'bish  hilll,  a  town  of 
Germany,  in  Wiirtemberg,  on  a  railway,  and  on  the  Kocher, 
35  miles  N.E.  of  Stuttgart.  Pop.,  including  suburbs,  8430. 
It  was  formerly  a  free  imperial  city,  enclosed  by  walls,  and 
has  7  churches,  a  fine  town  hall,  a  richly-endowed  college, 
a  mint,  a  hospital,  2  public  libraries,  and,  next  to  Ulm,  the 
greatest  number  of  sugar-refineries  in  the  kingdom.  It 
has  also  some  soap  and  other  factories,  and  a  large  trade  in 
oxen,  hogs,  and  salt  from  the  neighboring  springs  and 
mines.  On  an  adjacent  hill  is  the  old  castle  of  Coneburg, 
now  used  as  an  invalid  hospital. 

Hall,  or  Nieder  Hall,  nee'd^r  hill,  a  town  of  Ger- 
many, in  Wurtemborg,  W,  of  Ingelfingen,  on  the  Kocher, 
with  salt  springs.     Pop.  1401. 

Hall,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an  area 
of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Chatta- 
hoochee River,  is  bounded  on  the  AV.  by  the  Chestatee,  and 
le  also  drained  by  the  Oconee  River,  which  rises  within  its 
limits.  The  surface  is  elevated,  and  nearly  half  of  it  is 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  produces  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
grass,  and  a  little  cotton.  Gold  and  precious  stones  have 
,  been  found  in  this  county.    It  is  intersected  by  the  Georgia 


Pvailroad  and  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  both  of 
which  pass  through  Gainesville,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
9607;  in  1880,  15,298;  in  1890,  18,047. 

Hall,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Nebraska,  hns  an 
area  of  about  552  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S. 
by  Platte  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Loup  Fork  and 
Prairie  Creek.  The  surface  is  an  undulating  plain,  in 
which  timber  is  scarce.  The  soil  is  calcareous  and  fertile, 
producing  good  natural  pasture.  Indian  coin,  whca:,  and 
oats  are  among  the  stnple  products.  This  county  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Grand 
Island.  Pop.  in  1870, 1057  ;  in  1876,  4615  ;  in  1880,  8572 ; 
in    1890,  16,513. 

Hall,  a  county  of  the  Panhandle  of  Texas,  traversed  by 
the  Red  River.     Area,  900  square  miles.    Pop.  (1890)  703. 

Hall,  a  township  of  Bureau  co.,  111.     Pop.  1059. 

Hall,  a  township  of  Dubois  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  2046. 

Hall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind.,  in  Gregg 
township,  28  miles  S.AV.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  a  church, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Hall,  a  township  of  Gates  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  778. 

Hall,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co..  Pa.,  about  20  miles  S. 
by  AV.  of  Harrisburg. 

Hall,  a  township  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1240. 

Halla,  h&.\'\i,  or  Hala,  also  called  New  Halla,  a 
town  of  India,  in  Sindo,  on  the  Indus,  35  miles  N.  of 
Hyderabad.  It  has  extensive  manufactures  of  cups  and 
earthenwares,  and  a  Mohammedan  shrine.     Pop.  4700, 

Hal'ladale,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Sutherland, 
falls  into  the  North  Sea. 

Hallah,  a  city  of  Asia.     See  Holwan. 

Hal'lamshire,  a  district  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
AVest  Riding,  composed  of  the  two  extensive  parishes  of 
Sheffield  and  Ecclesficld,  Much  of  this  district  preserves 
its  ancient  forest  and  moorland  character. 

Halland,  a  leen  of  Sweden.    See  Halmstad, 

Hallands-Waedero,  hiri3,nds-<^A,'d§h-roo,  a  small 
island  of  Sweden,  in  the  Cattcgat,  18  miles  N.AV.  of  Engel- 
holm.     Lat.  56°  26'  N. ;  Ion.  12°  30'  E. 

Hal'laton,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Leicester,  7  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Market-IIarborough.     Pop.  614. 

Hallau,  hil'low,  Obek,  o'b9r,  and  Uxter,  oon't^r,  two 
nearly  contiguous  villages  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  8 
miles  AV.  of  Schaffhausen.  Pop.  of  Ober-Hallau,  651;  of 
Unter-IIallau.  2402. 

Hall  Centre,  a  post-ofiice  of  AVayne  co.,  N.Y. 

Halle,  a  town  of  Belgium.     See  Hal. 

Halle,  hil'l^h,  a  city  of  Prussian  Saxony,  Germany, 
on  the  Saale,  and  at  the  junction  of  several  railways,  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Leipsic.  It  is  old,  ill  built,  and  divided  into 
several  quarters,  each  with  its  own  magistracy.  The  prin- 
cipal buildings  are  the  Gothic  church  of  St.  Mary ;  the 
church  of  St.  Maurice,  an  edifice  of  the  twelfth  century;  the 
"  Red  Tower"  in  the  market-place,  250  feet  in  height ;  the 
university  buildings;  and  outside  of  the  walls,  eastward,  a 
monument  to  the  Germans  who  fell  in  the  battle  of  Leipsic. 
Its  university,  founded  in  1694  and  long  famous  for  the- 
ology, had  united  to  it,  in  1815,  that  of  AVittenbcrg,  and 
possesses  a  library  of  100,000  volumes,  various  museums, 
an  anatomical  theatre,  chemical  laboratory,  botanic  garden 
and  observatory,  and  several  affiliated  seminaries.  Franke's 
Institutions,  in  the  suburb  of  Glaucha,  form  another  edu- 
cational  establishment  of  repute  ;  and  there  are  m.any  pri- 
vate schools,  hospitals,  <fec.  The  principal  manufactures 
are  of  hardwares,  starch,  woollen  goods,  buttons,  hosiery, 
leather,  gloves,  &c. ;  and  near  the  city  are  salt  springs, 
yielding  from  225,000  to  300,000  hundredweight  of  salt 
annually.  The  workmen  engaged  in  the  salt-works  are 
called  llalloren  (h4l-lo'r?n  ;  sing.  Hallor,  hil-lOr'),  and  are 
a  peculiar  race,  distinguished  by  their  physiognomy,  cos- 
tume, and  customs,  and  supposed  to  be  descended  from  the 
aboriginal  inhabitants.  They  enjoy  many  privileges  and 
immunities.    Pop.  in  1880,  71,484;  in  1890,  101,401. 

Halle,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  AA'^estphalia,  29  miles  S.AV. 
of  Minden.     Pop.  1480. 

Hal'leck,  a  post-village  of  Buchanan  co.,  Mo.,  2  miles 
from  AVallace,  and  13  miles  S.  of  St.  Joseph.   It  has  a  church. 

Halleck,  a  small  post-village  of  Elko  co.,  Nov.,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  24  miles  E.N.E.  of  Elko. 

Hallein,  hll'line,  a  town  of  Upper  Austria,  9  miles  by 
rail  S.S.E.  of  Salzburg,  on  the  Salza.  Pop.  3614.  The 
town  has  large  salt-mines,  and  manufactures  of  cottons, 
woodcn-waro,  pins,  brass  goods,  and  buttons. 

Ilallenbcrg,  hil'len-b5RG\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  West, 
phalia,  32  miles  S.E.  of  Arnsberg.     Pop.  1233. 

Hallencourt,  hilM6N°^koon',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Somme,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Abbeville.     Pop.  1988. 


UAL 


1350 


HAL 


Hal'lerton,  a  post-Tillngo  in  Hantingdon  oo.,  Quebeo, 
h  miles  N.E.  of  lleinnilngfortl.     It  has  2  stares.    Pop.  150. 

Hal'lettsville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lavaoa  oo., 
Tex.,  on  the  Lavaca  River,  100  inilcg  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of 
Houston.  It  baa  8  oharches,  2  banks,  S  newspaper  ofBoei, 
an  oil-mill,  3  ootton-gins,  Ao.     Pop.  in  1RU0,  101 1. 

Unlligen,  li&l'lo-ghvn,  or  the  Hallig  Isinnds,  an 
liland  group  of  Prussia,  off  the  W.  ooost  of  Sleswiok.  The 
ehicf  islands  are  Langencs  and  Nordmarsch  (one  island),  the 
Hooge,  Oriide,  and  Oland  or  Oeland.  They  form  part  of  the 
North  Frisian  group. 

Hallingdal«  h&riing-d&I\  a  valley  of  Norway,  about 
BO  inilcs  N.W.  of  Christiania.  In  its  upper  parts  it  is 
formed,  on  one  side,  by  the  Halling-skarvon  and  Ilalling- 
Jiikalen  Hills,  respectively  6900  feet  and  6017  feet  high. 

Ilal'lingtoii,  a  post-village  of  Litchfield  co..  Conn.,  in 
LitchQold  township,  on  the  Naugatuok  River,  and  on  the 
Naugatuok  Railroad  (at  Fluteville  Station),  12  miles  N. 
of  AVaterbnry.  It  has  a  flute-faotory,  a  grist-mill,  and  a 
saw-mill. 

Hnll  Island,  or  Morilooo,  an  island  of  Micronesia. 
Lat.  8°  47'  N. ;  Ion.  152o  20'  E.     Pop.  100. 

HalI'man's,  a  station  in  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pick- 
ering Valley  Railroad,  6i  miles  S.W.  of  Phojnixville. 

Ilallo'ca;  a  post-ofRce  of  Chattahoochee  co.,  Qa. 

llal'lock,  a  post-township  of  Peoria  co.,  III.,  about  16 
miles  N.  of  Peoria.     It  has  6  churches.     Pop.  1094. 

Hal  lock's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westchester  co., 
N.Y.,  i  mile  from  Yorktown  Station.  It  is  near  the  Croton 
Dam,  from  which  Now  York  City  derives  water. 

Hal'loway,  a  post-village  in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  11 
miles  N.  of  Belleville.  It  contains  several  mills  and  cheese- 
factories.     Pop.  100. 

Ilal'lowell,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas,  is 
at  Lone  Tree  Station  of  the  Missouri  &  Western  Railroad, 
8  miles  W.  of  Columbus. 

Ilallowell,  hario-well  or  hSl'lo-well,  a  city  of  Ken- 
nebec CO.,  Me.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Kennebec  River,  2 
miles  by  rail  below  Augusta,  and  60  miles  N.N.E.  of  Port- 
land. It  contains  6  churches,  a  high  school,  a  public  library, 
3  national  banks,  an  iron-foundry,  machine-shops,  a  shoe- 
factory,  and  a  manufactory  of  oil-clolh.  Granite  is  quarried 
near  this  place,  and  exported.     Pop.  in  1890,  3181. 

Hall's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prince  George's  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Pope's  Creek  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  A  Potomac  Rail- 
road, 8  miles  S.  of  Bowie  Junction.  It  has  a  grist-mill,  2 
store?,  and  10  dwellings. 

Hall's,  a  post-office  of  Buchanan  co..  Mo.,  and  a  sta- 
tion on  the  railroad  from  St.  Joseph  to  Atchison,  Kansas,  11 
miles  S.W.  of  St.  Joseph.     It  is  near  the  Missouri  River. 

Hall's,  a  station  on  the  Buffalo,  Tonawanda  &  Lock- 
port  Railroad,  10  miles  S.AV.  of  Lockport,  N.Y. 

Hall's,  a  township  of  Sampson  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1010. 

Hall's,  a  station  in  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Cata- 
wissa  <t  Williamsport  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Muncy  Creek  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Williamsport. 

Hallsborough,  hallz'bar-rfih,  a  post-office  of  Ches- 
terfield CO.,  Va.,  on  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  at 
Tomahawk  Station,  17  miles  W.  of  Richmond. 

Hall's  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Allen  co.,  Ind. 

Hall's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Can- 
andaigua.     It  has  a  church. 

Hall's  Corners,  Ontario.    See  Binbrook. 

Hall's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Tenn. 

Hall's  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Davie  co.,  N.C. 

Hall's  Gap  Station,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co., 
Ky.,  on  the  Knoxville  Branch  of  the  Louisville  <t  Great 
Southern  Railroad,  109  miles  S.E.  of  Louisville. 

Hall's  Har'bor,  a  post-village  in  Kings  oo..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  12  miles  N.N. W.  of  Kentville. 
It  contains  2  stores.     Pop.  150. 

Hall's  Island,  one  of  the  Gilbert  group,  in  the  Pa- 
cific, lat.  0°  53'  N.,  Ion.  173°  E.,  9  miles  long  from  N.E.  to 
B.W.,  and  6  miles  broad.    See  Hall  Island. 

Hall's  Islands,  Canada,  are  at  the  W.  entrance  of 
Frobisher's  Strait,  in  lat.  63°  N.,  Ion.  65°  W. 

Hall's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bartow  oo.,  Qa.,  on  the 
Western  &  Atlantic  Railroad,  65  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Atlanta. 
It  has  a  church. 

Hall's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Ala. 

Hall's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y. 

Hall's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C. 

Hall's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Wetzel  co.,  W.  Va. 

Hallsport,  hallz'port,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Willing  township,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Wellsville  (Gen- 
esee Station).    It  has  2  saw-mills  and  a  obeeso-factory. 


Hall's  Store,  a  post-offloe  of  Powell  oo.,  Ky. 

Hall's  Stream  forms  a  part  of  the  boundary  between 
Now  Hampshire  and  Canada,  and  falls  into  the  Connecticut. 

HalI'd  Sum'mit,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coffey  co.,  Kansas, 
on  the  Kansas  City,  Burlington  A  Santa  F6  Railroad,  14 
miles  N.E.  of  Burlington. 

Hallstadt,  Hallstatt,  bllll'st&tt,  or  Halazestat, 
hA'lit-si-stitO,  a  town  of  Upper  Austria,  on  the  W.  shore 
of  the  Lake  of  Hallstadt,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Radstadt,  with 
salt-mines.     Pop.  1671. 

Hallstadt,  or  Hallst&tt,  h&Il'stfitt,  a  lake  of  Upper 
Austria,  is  about  6  miles  long,  and  is  remarkable  for  the 
wild  and  gloomy  character  of  its  scenery. 

Hallstadt,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Main,  3  miles 
N.W.  of  Bamberg.     Pop.  1929. 

Hall's  VaI'ley,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  0.,  4  miles 
W.  of  McConnellville.     Hero  is  a  well  of  inflammable  gas. 

Hallsville,  hallz'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  De  Witt  co.,  HI., 
on  the  railroad  between  Clinton  and  Lincoln,  6  or  7  miles 
W.  of  Clinton. 

Hallsville,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  Ky. 

Hallsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Boono  co..  Mo.,  near  the 
Columbia  Branch  of  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  A  Northern 
Railroad,  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Centralia.  Its  station,  J  of  a 
mile  distant,  is  called  Hickman.     Pop.  25. 

Hallsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y.,  4 
miles  W.  of  Fort  Plain. 

Hallsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Duplin  co.,  N.C,  on  Go- 
shen Creek,  about  50  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Wilmington.  It 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  Hallsville  township,  381. 

Hallsville,  a  post-village  of  Ross  oo.,  0.,  in  Colerain 
township,  about  12  miles  N.E.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  a 
church  and  2  general  stores. 

Hallsville,  a  township  of  Chester  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1416. 

Hallsville,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  co.,  Tex., on  the 
Texas  A  Pacific  Railroad,  14  miles  W.  of  Marshall,  and  9 
miles  E.  of  Longview.  It  has  3  churches,  a  masonic  in- 
stitute, a  carriage-factory,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  brick-yard. 

Hall  Town,  a  post-office  of  Saline  co..  111. 

Hall'town,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Shenandoah  Rivor,  and  on  the  Valley  Branch  of  the 
Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Harper's  Ferry. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  paper-mill. 

Hallue,  hAriii',  or  Qu^rieux,  kiVee-uh',  a  small  river 
of  France,  in  Somme,  a  tributary  of  the  river  Somme,  which 
it  joins  from  the  N.  below  Corbie.  It  gives  name  to  the 
battle  of  Dec.  23,  1870,  between  the  French  and  Germans. 

Hallain,  h9,nu*&,K<>',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Lys,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lille.  It  has 
cotton-factories  and  flour-mills.     Pop.  8584. 

Hallum,  h&rium,  or  Hallun,  hM'lun,  a  village  of 
the  Netherlands,  province  of  Friesland,  7  miles  N.  of  Leeu- 
warden.     Pop.  2511. 

Hall  VaI'ley,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Park 
CO.,  Col.,  34  miles  N.E.  of  Fair  Play.  It  has  reduction-works 
for  silver. 

HalI'ville,  a  station  in  Sweetwater  co.,  AVyoming,  on 
the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  and  on  Bitter  Creek,  40  miles 
E.  of  Green  River  City.  Here  good  coal  is  found.  Eleva- 
tion, 6590  feet. 

Hallwyl,  hair*il,  or  Hallweil,  hlU'i^ile,  a  lake  of 
Switzerland,  canton  of  Aargan,  is  an  expansion  of  the  river 
Ail,  5  miles  in  length  by  1  mile  in  breadth.  The  castle 
and  village  of  Hallwyl  are  near  its  N.  extremity. 

Halmahera,  an  island.    See  Gilolo. 

Halmi,  hil'meo,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  and  near 
Beregh.     Pop.  800. 

Halmstad,  hillm'stid,  or  Halland,  b&l'l&nd,  a  lean 
of  Sweden,  having  W.  the  Cattegat.  Area,  1893  square 
miles.     Pop.  133,988. 

Halmstad,  a  seaport  town  of  Sweden,  capital  of  a 
Isen,  on  Laholm  Bay,  an  arm  of  the  Cattegat,  76  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Gothenburg.     Pop.  7136. 

Halone,  the  ancient  name  of  Alonia. 

Hals,  hils,  a  town  of  Denmark,  in  Jutland,  15  miles  E. 
of  Aalborg,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Lym-Fiord.     Pop.  600. 

Halsbriicke,  hils'briik-k§h,  a  village  of  Germany,  in 
Saxony,  18  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Dresden.     Pop.  1568. 

Halsdorf,  hils'donf,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse- 
Nassau,  37  miles  S.W.  of  Cassel.     Pop.  481. 

Hal'sellville,  a  post-office  of  Chester  co.,  S.C. 

Halsey,  hil'se,  a  post-village  of  Linn  co.,  Oregon,  on 
the  Oregon  <t  California  Railroad,  16  or  17  miles  S.  of  Al- 
bany. It  is  in  the  fertile  Willamette  Valley.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  public  school,  a  newspaper  office,  5  warehouses 
for  grain,  and  a  tile-factory.     Pop.  270. 

Halsey  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  co.,  N.Y., 


HAL 


1351 


HAM 


about  22  miles  E.  of  Elmira,  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
lumber-mill.     Pop.  103. 

Halseyville,  h&l'se-vil,  a  hamlet  of  Tompkins  co., 
N.Y.,  li  miles  from  Trumansburg.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Ilaistead,  hil'st^d,  a  town  of  England,  in  Essex,  on 
the  Colne,  25  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Chelmsford.  It  has  a 
church  containing  several  ancient  monuments,  a  handsome 
grammar-school,  a  house  of  correction,  and  manufactures 
of  siitins,  crane,  iron-ware,  and  straw  plait.     Pop.  6783. 

Ilalsteau,  h^l'st^d,  a  post-oflSce  of  Pulaski  co..  Ark. 

Halstead,  a  post-village  on  the  S.  boundary  of  Ilal- 
stead  township,  Harvey  co.,  Kansas,  on  Little  Arkansas 
River,  9  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Newton.  It  has  6  churches, 
a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  high  school,  a  broom-factory, 
corn-  and  feed-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1071. 

Halsteren,  h41s'ti-r§n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
North  Brabant,  2  miles  N.W.  of  Bergen-op-Zoom.    P.  2746. 

Haite^  hil't^h,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  Ems,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Leer.  It  has  a 
custom-house.     Pop.  160. 

Haltern,  hil't^rn,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  25 
miles  S.W.  of  Miinster,  on  the  Lippe.     Pop.  2694. 

Haltingen,  h3,rting-§n,  a  village  of  Baden,  on  the 
confines  of  Switzerland,  96  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Baden. 

Haltom's,  hil'toms,  a  village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  International  <fc  Great  Northern  Railroad,  28  miles 
N.  of  Houston,  It  has  3  churches  and  3  saw-mills.  Pop. 
about  150. 

Halton,  hirtpn,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Chester,  on 
a  railroad,  3  miles  N.N.E.  of  Frodsham.     Pop.  1620. 

Halton,  hS,l't9n,  a  post-office  of  Ellis  co.,  Kansas. 

Halton,  hil'ton,  a  county  of  Ontario,  on  Lake  Ontario. 
Area,  372  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Grand  Trunk 
and  Great  AVestern  Railways.     Capital,  Milton.    P.  22,606. 

Haitonville,  hS,l't9n-vil,  a  village  in  Halton  co.,  On- 
tario, 8  miles  S.E.  of  Rockwood.     Pop.  100. 

Halt'whistle,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Northumber- 
land, with  a  station  on  the  Newcastle  &  Carlisle  Railway, 
34  miles  W.  of  Newcastle.  In  the  vicinity  is  Fcatherstone- 
haugh  Castle.     Pop.  of  parish,  5268. 

Halycia;,  the  ancient  name  of  Salemi. 

Halys,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Kizil-Irmak. 

Ham,  h6N»,  a  village  of  France,  in  Somme,  near  the 
river  Somme,  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  P6ronne.  Here  is  a  famous 
fortress,  used  as  a  state  prison.     Pop.  3122. 

Ham,  him,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of  Hainaut, 
7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Charleroi.     Pop.  1883. 

Ham,  or  South'ham,  a  post-village  in  Wolfo  co., 
Quebec,  24  miles  E.  of  Danville.     Pop.  293. 

Hamadan,  hi-mi-din'  (anc.  Ecbat'ana),  a  city  of  Per- 
sia, in  Irak-Ajemee,  capital  of  the  province  of  Hamadan, 
and  of  the  9  districts  forming  the  central  province  of  Per- 
sia, 165  miles  S.W.  of  Teheran.  Lat.  34°  50'  N.;  Ion.  48° 
32'  E.  Pop.  estimated  at  30,000.  It  is  interspersed  with 
gardens,  but  is  meanly  built  and  partly  in  ruins.  Near  the 
great  mosque  is  an  edifice  containing  the  tomb  of  Avioenna, 
resorted  to  by  numerous  pilgrims,  besides  several  other 
mosques,  bazaars,  baths,  caravansaries,  an  Armenian  church, 
and  a  synagogue.  Some  carpet-  and  silk-weaving  and  tan- 
ning are  here  carried  on,  and  the  city  has  a  large  trade  in 
leather,  and  is  an  entrepot  for  the  commerce  between  Bag- 
dad and  the  modern  capitals  of  Persia. 

Hamah,  hi'mi,  orHammah,  h&m'mS.  (anc.  ^i/>^a- 
nt'rt,  and  the  Hamath,  of  Scripture),  a  walled  city  of  Syria, 
110  miles  N.E.  of  Damascus,  on  the  Orontes.  Pop.  44,000. 
The  principal  structures  are  the  governor's  palace,  mosques, 
baths,  bazaars,  and  some  curious  hydraulic  works.  It  has 
manufactures  of  silk,  cotton,  and  woollen  fabrics,  and  of 
gold  and  silver  thread,  in  which  it  has  an  active  trade  with 
Aleppo.  Much  attention  has  been  given  to  a  series  of 
ancient  inscriptions  on  stone  found  here  in  1870,  but  the 
inscriptions  have  not  yet  been  read. 

Hamamatsoo,  or  Hamamatsu,h&-m&-m&t-soo',  a 
town  of  Japan,  island  of  Hondo,  on  the  coast,  about  140 
miles  S.W.  of  Tokio.     Pop.  50,000. 

Hamamet,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Hammamet. 

Hamanlu,  h&-m5.n-loo',  a  village  of  Asia  Minor,  near 
the  S.  shore  of  Lake  Aboolonia,  25  miles  W.S.W.  of  Mu- 
halitch. 

Hamar,  hi-maR',  a  town  and  bishop's  see  of  Norway, 
capital  of  the  stift  of  Hamar,  59  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Chris- 
iiania.     Pop.  1868. 

Hamar,  a  stift  of  Norway,  consisting  of  the  amts  of 
Hedemarken  and  Christians-Amt.  Area,  19,706  square 
miles.     Capital,  Hamar,     Pop.  236,216. 

Hambach,  h&m'bdK,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Bavaria,  2 
■iles  S.W.  of  Neustadt.    Pop.  2107. 


Hambach,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  in  Upper  Palatinate^ 
on  the  Vils,  7  miles  N.  of  Amberg. 

Hambach,  a  village  of  Oldenburg,  in  Birkenfeld,  with 
some  mineral  springs.     Pop.  217. 

Hambantotte,  him-bin-tot'ti,  a  bay  and  seaport 
on  the  S.  coast  of  Ceylon,  in  lat.  6°  8'  N.,  Ion.  81°  10'  E, 

Hambato,  South  America.    See  Ambato, 

Hambers,  hftM^baiu',  a  village  of  France,  department 
and  9  miles  S.  of  Mayenne.     Pop.  1728. 

Hambie,  or  Hambye,  hix^bee',  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  Manche,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Coutances.  Pop. 
307;  of  commune,  2610. 

Ham'blen,  a  county  of  East  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of 
about  160  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the 
Holston  River,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  French  Broad  River, 
The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating ;  the  soil  is  partly  fertile. 
It  is  intersected  by  two  branches  of  the  East  Tennessee, 
Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad,  which  communicates  with 
Morristown,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1880, 10,187; 
in  1890,  11,418. 

Hambleton,  ham'b'1-ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Talbot  co., 
Md.,  6  miles  S.  of  Easton.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam  saw- 
mill, and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  41. 

Ham'blin,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Ind.    Pop,  2011. 

Hamblin,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Utah. 

Ham'brook,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Gloucester, 
5  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bristol, 

Hamburg,  ham'burg  (Ger.  pron.  him'bSoRO;  Fr. 
Hambourg,  hfiji^booR' ;  L.  HamhHr'gnm),  a  city  of  Ger- 
many, on  the  right  bank  of  the  Elbe,  about  70  miles  from  its 
mouth.  Lat.  53°  33' 7"  N.;  Ion.  9°  58' 23"  E.  It  consists 
of  an  old  and  a  new  town,  4  miles  in  circumference,  enclosed 
by  planted  walks  on  the  site  of  its  former  fortifications,  and 
intersected  by  canals  and  by  branches  of  the  Alster  River. 
Principal  edifices,  thechurches  of  the  five  parishes,  especially 
those  of  St.  Peter  and  St.  Michael,  the  exchange,  town  hall, 
gallery  of  art,  general  infirmary,  orphan  asylum,  senate- 
house,  bank,  Eimbeck-house,  workhouse,  prison,  arsenal,  and 
2  theatres.  It  has  also  a  Johanneum  and  college,  a  public 
library,  numerous  other  libraries,  museums,  academies,  an 
observatory,  a  botanic  garden,  learned  societies,  <fcc.  In  1842 
a  great  conflagration  destroyed  St.  Nicholas  church  and 
many  of  the  other  public  and  private  buildings,  and  left 
houseless  20,000  of  the  population.  Since  that  time  the 
town  has  been  in  part  relbuilt  according  to  a  regular  plan. 
Its  manufixctories  comprise  sugar-refineries,  tar-,  tobacco-, 
and  sailcloth-factories,  ship-yards,  breweries,  distilleries,  tan- 
neries, cotton-printing  and  dyeing-works,  anchor-  and  iron- 
forges,  and  many  others  of  less  magnitude.  There  is  a  large 
business  done  in  cigar-making  and  in  the  production  of  fac- 
titious sherry.  Hamburg  is  the  greatest  commercial  city 
of  the  European  continent,  its  trade  (which  is  almost  en- 
tirely a  transit  trade)  embracing  every  description  of  goods 
bought  or  sold  in  Germany.  The  trade  is  chiefly  with  Great 
Britain  and  America.  Many  first-class  steamers  run  be- 
tween Hamburg  and  New  York,  the  West  Indies,  South 
America,  and  the  Mediterranean.  The  imports  are  colo- 
nial produce,  grain,  hides,  leather,  meat,  butter,  wool, 
cotton  yarns,  metals,  stones,  dyes,  manufactured  goods, 
bullion,  Ac,  The  city  communicates  with  Lubeck  by  a 
canal,  and  with  Berlin,  Brunswick,  Hanover,  Harburg, 
Kiel,  and  Rendsburg  by  railways.  The  navigable  channel 
of  the  Elbe  has  been  improved  so  as  to  allow  vessels  drawing 
18  feet  of  water  to  reach  the  city  at  high  tide.  Tramways 
run  along  the  leading  thoroughfares.  Hamburg  is  said  to 
have  been  founded  by  Charlemagne;  early  in  the  thirteenth 
century  it  joined  Lubeck  in  the  formation  of  the  Hanse 
League.  Under  the  French,  from  1810  to  1814,  it  was  the 
capital  of  the  department  of  Bouches-de-l'Elbe.  The  state  of 
Hamburg  has  an  area  of  157  square  miles,  and  is  composed 
of  the  city  and  the  district  immediately  around  it,  the  towns 
of  Bergedoif,  Cuxhaven,  and  Ritzebuttel,  the  districts  of 
Vierlanden,  the  isle  of  Neuwerk,  some  islands  in  the  Elbe, 
and  some  detached  portions  of  territory,  enclosed  by  Prus- 
sian provinces.  The  Elbe,  also,  between  Hamburg  and  the 
sea,  is  entirely  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  state.  The  sur- 
face is  level,  and  is  watered  by  the  Elbe,  Alster,  and  Bille : 
the  Vierliinden  and  marsh-lands  in  the  river  are  very  pro- 
ductive, being  in  great  part  appropriated  to  fruit-  and 
market-gardens.  The  government  is  vested  in  a  senate  of 
18  members  and  a  lower  house  consisting  of  106  citizens. 
The  city  and  suburbs,  with  Cuxhaven  and  other  parts  of 
the  territory,  are  not  included  in  the  German  Zollverein. 
The  state,  though  its  immediate  government  is  republican, 
forms  an  integral  portion  of  the  German  Empire.  The 
population  of  the  city  proper  in  1880  was  289,859  ;  in  1890, 
323,923,  or  with  the  surrounding  communes,  about  500,000. 


HAM 


18fi8 


HAM 


•..Uam'burCf  n  poit-vill»ga  of  Perry  oo.,  Ala.,  7  miles 
Iby  mil  S.  of  Mnriou.  It  bai  2  churches,  a  public  school,  a 
eutlon-f{in  iimt  mill,  and  a  flour-iuill.     I'up.  li>0. 

Hamburg,  n  jiogt-villnge,  oapitnl  of  Ashley  co.,  Ark., 
Iiboul  124  luileaS.  by  E.  of  Little  Uook.  It  has  3  churchoo,  an 
aoadainy,  a  newspaper  office,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.    P.  ( 1 890)  655. 

Ilaniburg*  a  post-village  of  New  London  oo.,  Conn., 
»bout  2U  mile*  S.W.  of  Norwich.     It  has  a  church. 

Hamburg,  a  post-villafio  of  Calhoun  co..  111.,  in  Ham- 
burg  township,  ana  on  the  Mississippi  Uiver,  about  42  milos 
bv  liiuil  N.W.  of  Alton.  It  has  a  church  and  2  stores.  Pop. 
about  200;  of  the  township,  707. 

Hamburg,  a  hamlet  of  Clark  co.,  Ind.,  in  Silver  Croek 
township,  1  mile  from  SoUorsburg  Station. 

Ha  III  burg,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind. 

Hamburg,  a  post-village  of  Fremont  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Niiiliniibatoua  River,  about  1  mile  from  the  Missouri  Uiver, 
and  on  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  at  its 
junction  with  the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  &  Council  Bluffs 
liailroiid,  12  miles  E.S.B.  of  Nebraska  City,  and  VJ  miles 
S.ii.W.  of  Red  Oak.  It  has  2  banks,  a  high  school,  5  churches, 
a  convent,  3  newspaper  offices,  2  flour-mills,  a  brewery,  a 
pottery,  a  foundry,  a  mncliino-shop,  a  broom-I'actory,  ond 
tcrra-cotta-works.     Pop.  in  181)0,  1034. 

Hamburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Hamburg  towuship,  on  or  near  a  small  lake,  about  15  miles 
N.  of  Ann  Arbor,  and  44  miles  W.N.W.  of  Detroit.  It  has 
2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  918. 

Hamburg,  a  post- village  of  St.  Charles  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  about  30  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  a 
oburcli,  a  female  college,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Hamburg,  a  post-village  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Wallkill  River,  42  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Paterson.  It  has 
5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  2  banks,  an  academy,  and 
a  cement-factory.  At  Hamburg  Junction,  3  miles  to  the  S., 
the  Midland  Railroad  connects  with  the  South  Vernon 
Branch  of  the  Sussex  Railroad. 

Hamburg,  a  post-village  of  Erie  co.,  N.T.,  in  Ham- 
burg township,  on  the  Buffalo  <l;  Jamestown  Railroad,  with 
a  sUvtion  also  on  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  10  miles  S. 
of  Buffalo,  and  nearly  1  mile  from  Lake  Erie.  It  contains 
the  Hamburg  Union  School  and  Academy,  5  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  tannery,  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  about 
800  ;  of  the  township,  3096. 

Hamburg,  a  post-villago  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.,  in  Hock- 
ing township,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Lancaster.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  tannery. 

Hamburg,  a  post-borough  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Schuylkill  River,  and  on  the  Philadelphia  <fc  Reading  Rail- 
road, 17  miles  N.  of  Reading,  and  18  milos  S.E.  of  Potts- 
villo.  It  has  5  churches,  a  savings-bank,  2  foundries, 
several  tanneries,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  bricks, 
and  cigars.  One  or  2  weekly  German  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished here.     Pop.  in  1880,  2010;  in  1890,  2127. 

Hamburg,  a  village  of  Clinton  co.,  Pa.,  on  Fishing 
Creek,  7  miles  S.  of  Lock  Haven.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Here  is  Lamar  Mills  Post- 
Office. 

Hamburg,  a  station  in  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  She- 
nango  <fc  Alleghany  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Greenville. 

Hamburg,  a  post-village  of  Aiken  co.,  S.C.,  on  the 
Savannah  River,  opposite  Augusta,  Ga.,  at  the  W.  ter- 
minus of  the  South  Carolina  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1120. 

Hamburg,  a  post-village  of  Hardin  oo.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
W.  bank  of  the  Tennessee  River,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Corinth, 
Miss.    It  has  a  church. 

Hamburg,  a  post-office  of  Van  Zandt  co.,  Tex. 

Hamburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shenandoah  co.,  Va.,  4^ 
miles  from  Edenburg  Railroad  Station,  which  is  5  miles 
S.W.  of  Woodstock.     It  has  a  church. 

Hamburg,  a  township  of  Vernon  co.jWis.  Pop.  1219. 
It  contains  Chaseburg. 

Hamburg  Bar,  a  post-office  of  Siskiyou  co.,  Cal. 

Ilam'by,  a  station  on  the  Louisville  &  Paducah  Rail- 
roail,  about  8  miles  W.  of  Nortonville,  Ky. 
.  jillambye,  a  town  of  France.  See  Hambie. 
-I  -Uam'den,  a  post-township  of  Now  Haven  co.,  Conn., 
on  the  New  Haven  A  Northampton  Railroad,  7  miles  N. 
of  New  Haven,  contains  villages  named  Centrcville,  Mount 
Carmel,  and  Whitneyville.  It  has  5  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  augers,  bells,  axles,  needles,  and  guns.     Pop.  3028. 

Hamden,  a  township  of  Becker  oo.,  Minn.     Pop.  143. 

Hamden,  a  post-office  of  Chariton  co.,  Mo. 

Hamden,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Hamden  township,  on  the  main  branch  of  the  Delaware 
Rircr,  and  on  the  Delhi  Branch  of  the  Midland  Railroad, 


6  or  6  miles  S.W.  of  Delhi.  It  has  2  churches  and  several 
mills.     Pop.  133;  of  the  township,  1648. 

Hamden  (Hamden  Junction  Post-Office),  a  village  of 
Vinton  CO.,  0.,  at  the  junction  of  two  railroads,  72  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Marietta,  and  29  miles  E.S.E.of  Chillioothc.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  an  iron- 
foundry,  a  spoke-  and  hub-factory,  and  2  flour-mills.  Ham- 
ien  has  mineral  springs.  A  large  quantity  of  pig-iron  is 
shipped  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  622. 

Ha'mcl,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  111.,  4  miles 
S.E.  of  Wordon  Station,  and  about  20  miles  E,  of  Alton. 

Hamcln,  h&'m«ln,  also  called  Hamclin,  a  town  of 
Prussia,  in  Hanover,  at  a  railway  junction,  25  miles  S.W. 
of  Hanover,  on  the  Weser.  Po]),  9520,  employed  in  navi- 
gation and  the  salmon-fishery,  and  in  the  numerous  manu-^ 
factories  of  the  town. 

Ilameln,  a  village  of  Hanover,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Hildes- 
heim.     Pop.  1050. 

Ha'm  er,  a  township  of  Highland  co.,  0.  Pop.  959.  It 
contains  Danville. 

Hamcr,  a  post-hamlet  of  Paulding  co.,  0.,  on  the  Mi- 
ami &  Erie  Canal,  1 0  miles  N.  of  Delphos.    It  has  a  church. 

Hamcrsville,  ham'?rz-vll,  a  post-village  of  Brown 
CO.,  0.,  in  Clark  township,  35  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cincinnati. 
It  has  a  church. 

Ham'ett,  a  post-hamlot  of  Erie  co.,  Pa.,  in  Green  town- 
ship, 3  miles  from  Belle  Valley  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  brewery. 

Hami,  a  city  of  Toorkistan.    See  Khamil. 

Ilam'ilton,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Lanark,  on  the 
Clyde,  here  crossed  by  a  fine  bridge  of  5  arches,  10  j  miles  by 
railway  S.E.  of  Glasgow.  It  is  well  built,  has  a  grammar- 
school  and  academy,  a  poor's  hospital,  mechanics'  institution, 
trades'  hall,  6  branch  banks,  town  and  county  halls,  jail,  and 
large  barracks.  But  its  chief  object  of  attraction  is  the  mag- 
nificent ducal  palace  of  the  house  of  Hamilton  :  this  has  a 
noble  Grecian  front,  264  feet  in  length,  and  a  superb  inte- 
rior, containing  the  largest  and  choicest  collection  of  paint- 
ings and  marbles  in  Scotland.  The  park  is  also  considered 
one  of  the  finest  in  North  Britain.  Within  it  are  the  castle 
of  Chatelherault  and  the  picturesque  ruins  of  Cadzow  Castle. 
The  latter  stands  on  a  lofty  rock,  washed  by  the  Avon,  and 
surrounded  by  the  remnants  of  the  ancient  Caledonian  oak 
forest,  in  which  feeds  a  herd  of  the  famous  aboriginal  breed 
of  wild  cattle.  Hamilton  is  the  principal  seat  of  imitation- 
cambric  weaving.  Manufactures  of  lace,  black  silk  veils, 
muslins,  and  thread  are  also  flourishing.  The  burgh  unites 
with  Airdrie,  Falkirk,  Lanark,  and  Linlithgow  in  sending 
one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.  It  gives  the  title 
of  duke  to  the  premier  peer  of  Scotland.    P.  (1891)  24,863. 

Ham'ilton,  a  northern  county  of  Florida,  has  an  area 
of  about  576  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  and  S. 
by  the  Suwanee  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Allapaha 
River.  The  surface  is  partly  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil 
is  mostly  sandy.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Georgia  Southern 
&  Florida  Railroad  and  the  Savannah,  Florida  &  Western 
Railroad,  both  of  which  pass  through  Jasper,  the  capital 
of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  6749;  in  1880,  6790;  in 
1890,  8507. 

Hamilton,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an 
area  of  440  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  North  Fork 
of  Saline  Crrek  and  other  small  streams.  The  surface  is 
undulating  or  nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
oats,  wheat,  gracs,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  liberally  supplied  with  timber.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Louisville  <i;  Nashville  Railroad,  which  passes  through 
McLeansborough,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870, 
13,014;  in  1880,  16,712;  in  1890,  17,800. 

Hamilton,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Indiana,  has 
an  area  of  400  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  West 
Fork  of  AVhite  River,  and  also  drained  by  Cicero  and  Eagle 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is 
extensively  covered  with  forests  ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat, 
Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It 
is  traversed  by  the  Midland  Railway,  the  Lake  Eric  & 
Western  Railroad,  and  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  A  Chi- 
cago Railroad.  Capital,  Noblesville.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,882; 
in  1880,  24,801;  in  1890,  26,123. 

Hamilton,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Iowa, 
has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Boone  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Skunk  River,  which 
rises  in  it.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  diversified  with 
prairies  and  groves;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian 
corn,  oats,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  the  Iowa  division  of  the  Illinois  Central 
Railroad,  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  and  the 


HAM 


1353 


HAM 


Webster  City  &  Southwestern  Railroad.  Capital,  Webster 
City.  Pop.  in  1870,  6055;  in  1875,  7701;  in  1880,  11,252; 
in  1890,  15,319. 

Hamilton,  a  county  in  the  W,  part  of  Kansas,  border- 
ing on  Colorado.  Area,  922  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Arkansas  River  and  by  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa 
F6  Railroad.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  nearly  desti- 
tute of  timber.  Magnosian  limestone  crops  out  along  the 
ravines.  Capital,  Syracuse.  Pop.  in  1880,  168;  in  1890, 
2027. 

Hamilton,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  Ne- 
braska, has  an  area  of  about  576  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Platte  River,  and  is  also 
drained  by  the  North,  Middle,  and  West  Forks  of  Big  Blue 
River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  grass  are  the 
staple  products.  Timber  is  scarce  in  this  county.  Capital, 
Aurora.     Pop.  in  1870,  130 ;  in  1880,  8267 ;  in  1890,  14,096. 

Hamilton,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  New  York, 
has  an  area  of  about  1764  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  Hudson,  Racket,  Black,  and  Sacondaga  Rivers,  which 
rise  in  it.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  and  is  diversified 
with  numerous  lakes  and  extensive  forests.  A  large  part 
of  the  soil  is  sterile,  or  too  rocky  and  mountainous  for 
agriculture.  It  has  abundance  of  granite  and  iron  ore. 
Ciipital,  Sageville.  Pop.  in  1870,  2960;  in  1875,  3482;  in 
1880,  3923;  in  1890,  4762. 

Hamilton,  the  most  S.W.  county  of  Ohio,  bordering  on 
Indiana,  has  an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Ohio  River,  is  intersected  by  the 
Miami  and  Little  Miami  Rivers,  and  also  drained  by  the 
Whitewater  and  Mill  Creek.  The  surface  is  finely  diver- 
sified by  valleys  and  hills,  or  rather  highlands  and  low- 
lands, which  are  isolated  remnants  of  a  former  table-land. 
The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  wheat, 
potatoes,  butter,  pork,  and  wine  are  the  staple  products. 
This  is  the  most  populous  and  wealthy  county  of  the  state, 
and  is  traversed  by  numerous  railroads  centring  in  Cincin- 
nati, which  is  the  capital.  Lower  Silurian  limestone  (called 
blue  limestone),  an  excellent  material  for  building,  underlies 
all  parts  of  this  county,  and  has  been  extensively  quarried 
at  Cincinnati.  Its  color  is  mostly  a  bluish  gray,  and  it  is 
crowded  with  fossils.  The  hills  or  highlands  of  this  county 
are  areas  in  which  the  stratified  rocks  remain  to  an  eleva- 
tion of  about  400  feet  above  the  Ohio  River,  and  the  valleys 
are  areas  from  which  the  rocks  have  been  removed  by  denu- 
dation. Fifteen  railroads  commanicate  with  Cincinnati, 
the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  260,370;  in  1880,  313,374;  in 
1890,  374,573. 

Hamilton,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  East  Tennessee, 
bordering  on  Georgia,  has  an  area  of  about  575  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Tennessee  River,  which 
also  forms  a  great  part  of  the  E.  boundary.  The  surface 
is  mountainous,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests.  The  Cum- 
berland Mountains  occupy  the  N.W.  part.  The  soil  of  the 
valleys  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  grass,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  has  mines  of  bituminous 
coal  and  iron.  It  is  intersected  by  the  East  Tennessee, 
Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad  and  the  Nashville,  Chatta- 
nooga &  St.  Louis  Railroad.  Capital,  Chattanooga.  Pop. 
in  1870,  17,241;  in  1880,  23,642;  in  1890,  53,452. 

Hamilton,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Texas, 
has  an  area  of  about  900  square  miles.  Is  is  intersected 
by  the  Leon  River,  and  also  dratped  by  Cowhouse  and 
Lampasas  Creeks.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly.  The  soil ' 
produces  pasture  for  cattle,  which  are  the  chief  articles 
of  export.  Capital,  Hamilton.  Pop.  in  1870,  733;  in 
1880,  6365;  in  1890,  9313. 

Hamilton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lonoke  co.,  Ark.,  7  miles 
from  Carlisle  Station. 

Hamilton,  a  village  of  Butte  eo.,  Cal.,  on  Feather 
River,  about  70  miles  N.  of  Sacramento.  Pop.  of  Hamil- 
ton township,  1130. 

Hamilton,  a  post-village  of  Park  oo..  Col.,  in  the  N. 
part  of  the  South  Park,  about  66  miles  S.W.  of  Denver, 
and  12  miles  N.  of  Fair  Play.  Elevation,  9693  feet.  It 
has  2  hotels.     Gold  is  found  near  this  place. 

Hamilton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Harris  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  North  &  South  Railroad,  24  miles  N.N.E.  of  Co- 
lumbns,  and  about  85  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Atlanta.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house,  3  churches,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  a  high 
school,  and  a  female  college.     Pop.  about  750. 

Hamilton,  a  station  on  the  Rockford,  Rock  Island  <S; 
St.  Louis  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Beardstown,  111. 

Hamilton,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co..  111.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  opposite  Keokuk,  and  3  or  4  miles  above 
Warsaw.     It  is  at  the  foot  of  the  lower  rapids  (which  afford 
8G 


great  motive-power),  on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw  Rail- 
road and  the  Keokuk  Branch  of  the  Wabash  Railroad.  An 
iron  railroad  bridge  over  the  river  connects  it  with  Keokuk. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  high  school,  a  bank,  2  newspaper 
offices,  and  manufactures  of  bricks,  carriages,  <tc.  Pop.  1301 . 

Hamilton,  a  township  of  Lee  co..  111.  Pop.  186.  It 
includes  part  of  the  Winnebago  Swamp. 

Hamilton,  a  hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.,  about  18 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Lafayette. 

Hamilton,  a  station  in  Clinton  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  La- 
fayette &  Muncie  Railroad,  5  miles  N.AV.  of  Frankfort. 

Hamilton,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  Ind.    P.  1129. 

Hamilton,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
1565.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  East  Fork  of 
White  River. 

Hamilton,  a  post-village  of  Steuben  co.,  Ind.,  about 
36  miles  N.N.E.  of  Fort  AVayne.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and 
a  saw-mill. 

Hamilton,  a  township  of  Sullivan  co.,  Ind.  Pop 
3759,  including  that  of  the  village  of  Sullivan. 

Hamilton,  a  township  of  Decatur  co.,  Iowa,  on  tho 
Missouri  line.     Pop.  783. 

Hamilton,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Iowa.     P.  183. 

Hamilton,  a  township  of  Hamilton  co.,  Iowa.     P.  730. 

Hamilton,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Iowa,  in  Lib- 
erty township,  about  16  miles  S.W.  of  Oskaloosa.  It  is  on 
a  branch  railroad  between  Albia  and  Knoxville,  12  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Albia.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of 
brooms,  carriages,  <fec.     Pop.  133. 

Hamilton,  a  post-office  of  Greenwood  co.,  Kansas. 

Hamilton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Boone  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Covington.  It  has  a 
tobacco-factory. 

Hamilton,  a  station  on  the  Louisville  &  Paducah  Rail- 
road, 16  miles  N.W.  of  Owensborough  Junction,  Ky. 

Hamilton,  a  hamlet  of  Bossier  parish.  La.,  on  Bodcan 
Bayou,  38  miles  N.E.  of  Shreveport.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  steam  grist-mill. 

Hamilton,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Essex 
CO.,  Mass.,  in  Hamilton  township,  on  the  Eastern  Railroad 
(Essex  Branch),  8  milrs  N.  of  Salem.  It  has  a  church, 
district  schools,  an  isinglass-factory,  and  a  woollen-mill. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  961. 

Hamilton,  a  post-village  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  ir 
Heath  township,  on  Rabbit  River,  and  on  the  Michigan 
Lake  Shore  Railroad,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Allegan.  It  has 
a  grist-mill,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  church.     Pop.  about  300. 

Hamilton,  a  township  of  Gratiot  co..  Mien.   Pop.  310. 

Ham il ton,  a  township  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.    P.  1074. 

Hamilton,  a  post-village  in  Sumner  township,  Fill- 
more CO.,  Minn.,  on  a  small  affluent  of  Root  River,  about 
20  miles  S.  of  Rochester.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hamilton,  Houston  co.,  Minn.     See  Money  Creek. 

Hamilton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Minnesota  River,  and  on  the  St.  Paul  <fc  Sioux  City  Rail- 
road, 18  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  a  flour-mill.  The 
name  of  the  post-office  is  Hamilton  Station. 

Hamilton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Miss.,  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Aberdeen. 

Hamilton,  a  post-village  of  Caldwell  co..  Mo.,  in  Ham- 
ilton township,  and  on  the  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  Railroad, 
50  miles  E.  of  St.  Joseph,  and  26  miles  W.  by  S.  of  ChilHcothe. 
It  has  6  churches,  public  schools,  3  banks,  3  newspaper 
offices,  and  a  canning-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  1641. 

Hamilton,  a  post-village  of  Gallatin  co.,  Montana,  on 
Gallatin  River,  about  60  miles  N.E.  of  Virginia  City,  and 
20  miles  N.W,  of  Bozeman.  It  has  a  church  and  a  female 
seminary. 

Haniilton,  a  hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  Neb.,  20  miles 
N.  of  Harvard. 

Hamilton,  a  mining  town,  capital  of  White  Pine  co., 
Nevada,  is  about  100  miles  (direct)  S.  of  Elko,  and  90 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Austin.  It  is  situated  at  the  base  of 
Treasure  Hill,  and  is  surrounded  by  a  sterile  region,  in 
which  timber  and  water  are  scarce.  Here  are  rich  silver- 
mines,  which  were  discovered  in  1865,  since  which  the 
population  has  rapidly  increased.  A  newspaper  is  published 
here.     Pop.  of  precinct,  3913. 

Hamilton,  a  township  of  Atbntio  co.,  N.J.  Pop. 
1271.     It  contains  May's  Landing  and  other  villages. 

Hamilton,  a  township  of  Mercer  co.,  N.J.,  bounded 
W.  by  the  river  Delaware.  Pop.  6417.  It  is  to  some  ex- 
tent contiguous  to  Trenton,  the  state  capital. 

Hamilton,  formerly  Shark  River,  a  post-village  of 
Monmouth  eo.,  N.J.,  in  Ocean  township,  2i  miles  S.E.  of 
Shark  River  Station,  which  is  11  miles  S.W.  of  Long  Branch. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-milU 


HAM 


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HAM 


Hamilton,  »  station  in  Somerset  oo.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Delaware  A  Bound  Brook  Railroad,  b  miles  S.W.  of  Bound 
firook  Junction. 

Hamilton,  ttie  station  name  of  South  Liui,  NT. 

Ilamilton,  a  post-rillage  of  Madison  oo.,  N.Y.,  in 
Hamilton  t<>wnsbii>,  on  the  Ontario  A  Western  Railroad, 
29  miles  S.S.W.  of  Utica,  and  :<7  miles  S.E.  of  Syracuse. 
It  contains  5  churches,  a  national  bank,  2  newspaper  offices, 
aad  the  Colgate  Academy.  Here  is  the  Colgate  University 
(Baptist),  which  was  organized  in  1832,  and  has  20  pro- 
fessors, about  1(10  students,  und  a  library  of  10,000  volumes. 
This  place  contains  also  the  Hamilton  Theological  Seminary 
(Baptist).  Pop.  in  18S0,  1638;  in  18»0,  1744;  of  the  town- 
■hip.  in  1880,  3912;  in  18U0,  3923. 

Hamilton,  a  post-village  of  Martin  co.,  N.C.,  in  Ham- 
ilton townshin,  and  on  the  Roanoke  River,  abunt  90  miles 
K  by  K.  of  Raleigh.  It  is  at  the  head  of  navigation  for 
largo  vessels.     Pop.  781 ;  of  the  township,  2247. 

Hamilton,  a  post-village  of  Pembina  co.,  N.D.,  27 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Grafton.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
2  acndemies,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  257. 

Hamilton,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Butler  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Miami  River  and  the  Miami  Canal,  20  miles  (direct)  N.  of 
Cincinnati.  By  railroad  it  is  25  miles  from  Cincinnati,  35 
miles  S.W.  of  Dayton,  and  45  miles  S.S.B.  of  Richmond, 
Ind.  It  is  connected  with  these  cities  l>y  the  Cincinnati, 
Hamilton  <fe  Dayton  Railroad,  the  branches  of  which  meet 
here.  It  contains  a  court-house,  15  churches,  a  public 
library,  3  national  banks,  a  high  school,  4  paper-mills, 
several  iron-foundries,  4  breweries,  a  woollen-factory,  5 
flouring-mills,  2  safe-works,  and  several  manufactories  of 
farming-implements.  Two  daily  and  4  weekly  newspapers 
(1  of  which  is  German)  are  published  here.  Pop.  in  1890, 
17,665. 

Hamilton,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  0.     Pop.  1507. 

Hamilton,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.,  on  tne  Ohio 
River.     Pop.  1108.     It  contains  Hanging  Rock. 

Hamilton,  a  township  of  Warren  oo.,  0.,  bounded  N. 
and  W.  by  the  Little  Miami  River.  Pop.  2466.  It  includes 
Maineville  and  Murdock. 

Hamilton,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1118. 

Hamilton,  a  township  of  Franklin  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1630. 

Hamilton,  Jefferson  co.,  Pa.    See  Perrysville. 

Hamilton,  a  township  of  McKean  co..  Pa.     Pop.  120. 

Hamilton,  a  township  of  Monroe  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1892. 

Hamilton,  a  township  of  Tioga  co..  Pa.  It  contains 
the  coal-mining  villages  of  Morris  Run  and  Blossburg. 

Hamilton,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  R.I.,  in 
North  Kingston  township,  IJ  miles  from  Wickford  Junc- 
tion. It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  manufactures 
of  cotton  and  Kentucky  jeans.     Pop.  207. 

Hamilton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hamilton  co., 
Tex.,  65  miles  W.  of  Waco.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  726. 

Hamilton,  a  village  of  Shelby  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Sabine 
River,  about  65  miles  S.  of  Shreveport,  La. 

Hamilton,  a  post-village  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Washington  &  Ohio  Railroad,  40  miles  N.W.  of  Washington, 
D.C.  It  has  4  churches,  a  coach-factory,  a  saw-mill,  3 
stores,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  407. 

Hamilton,  a  post-village  of  Sltagit  co  ,  Washington, 
36  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Shannon's  Point.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  coal-mines,  fire-clay,  Ac.     Pop.  203. 

Hamilton,  a  hamlet  of  Ozaukee  co.,  Wis.,  near  the 
W.  bank  of  the  Milwaukee  River,  about  18  miles  N.  of 
Milwaukee. 

Hamilton,  a  city  of  Ontario,  capital  of  the  co.  of 
Wentworth,  is  situated  on  Burlington  Bay,  at  the  western 
extremity  of  Lake  Ontario,  372  miles  W.S.W.  of  Montreal, 
186  miles  E.N.E.  of  Detroit,  and  70  miles  N.W.  of  Buffalo. 
It  was  laid  out  and  settled  in  1813  on  a  plateau  of  slightly 
elevated  ground,  winding  around  the  foot  of  a  hilly  range, 
which  here  receives  the  name  of  "the  Mountain."  The 
streets  are  wide,  and  for  the  most  part  cross  one  another  at 
right  angles.  King  street,  the  principal  thoroughfare,  runs 
E.  and  AV.  throughout  the  entire  breadth  of  the  town. 
Near  the  centre  of  the  street  is  a  large  open  space,  and  a 
little  north  is  Market  Square,  on  which  stands  a  spacious 
building,  occupied  in  the  lower  part  as  a  market,  while  its 
npper  stories  are  appropriated  to  the  use  of  the  city  govern- 
ment. Court-House  Square,  an  area  containing  the  county 
buildings,  lies  between  King  street  and  the  Mountain. 

The  city  contains  23  churches,  principally  of  the  Episco- 
pal, Presbyterian,  Baptist,  Wesleyan  Methodist,  and  Meth- 
odist Episcopal  denominations,  and  has  also  the  head  office 
of  the  Bank  of  Hamilton,  5  branch  banks,  a  mechanics' 
institute,  a  reading-room,  a  Wesleyan  female  college,  sev- 


eral academies  and  schools,  several  saw-  and  grist-mills, 
and  manufactories  of  Iron  castings,  machinery  of  every 
description,  agricultural  implements,  sewing-machines, 
musical  instruments,  glass-ware,  wooden-ware,  woollen  and 
cotton  goods,  soap  and  candles,  boots  and  sliocs,  leather, 
brooms,  brushes,  Ac.  Two  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.  The  city  is  the  scat  of  the  Groat 
Western  Railway  Company,  chartered  in  1834,  and  of  the 
Wellington,  Grey  A  Bruce  Railway  Company.  The  latter  ' 
connects  Hamilton  with  Lake  Huron,  and  the  former  with 
all  parts  of  the  Dominion  and  United  States.  The  head 
offices  of  the  Hamilton  A  Lake  Erie  Railway  are  olco  hero. 
It  is  also  the  seat  of  the  Anglican  bishop  of  Western 
Toronto,  and  of  the  Roman  Catholic  bishop  of  Hamilton. 
It  possesses  superior  commercial  advantages,  being  at  the 
head  of  navigation  on  the  lake  and  in  the  centre  of  a 
populous  region.  The  Desjardins  Canal  connects  it  with 
Dundas. 

Hamilton  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons 
and  two  to  the  provincial  legislature.  It  is  a  port  of 
entry.  Pop.  in  1836,  2846;  in  1850,  10,248;  in  1871, 
26,716  ;  in  1881,  35,961 ;  in  1891.  48,980. 

Hamilton,  an  island  in  the  Ottawa  River,  off  the 
township  of  Lochaber,  co.  of  Ottawa,  Quebec. 

Ilamilton,  the  chief  town  and  the  seat  of  government 
of  the  Bermuda  Isles,  is  situated  near  the  middle  of  the 
group,  on  the  coast  of  the  largest  island.  Its  harbor  is 
landlocked,  and  will  admit  vessels  drawing  15  feet  of 
water;  it  is  entered  through  a  long  and  intricate  passage, 
the  navigation  of  which  requires  a  skilful  pilot.  Trie  town 
has  6  churches.  Three  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Ham^iltonban',  a  township  of  Adams  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
1418.     It  contains  Fairfield. 

Hamilton  Centre,  a  small  village  in  the  township 
of  Hamilton,  Madison  co.,  N.Y.  It  has  a  church  and  12 
or  16  dwellings. 

Hamilton  College.     See  Clinton,  N.Y. 

Hamilton  Harbor,  a  port  on  the  coast  of  Alaska. 
Lat.  66°  52'  N. ;  Ion.  133°  34'  W.     Here  good  coal  e.tists. 

Hamilton  Pass,  Colorado,  a  mountain-pass  in  the 
main  range,  at  an  elevation  of  12,370  feet.  Lat.  39°  24' 
35"  N. ;  Ion.  106°  68'  W. 

Hamilton  River,  Labrador.    See  Ashwanipi. 

Hamilton's,  township,  Catawba  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1562. 

Hamilton's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waushara  co., 
Wis.,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Berlin.  It  has  a  lumber-mill  on 
Willow  Creek. 

Hamilton  Square,  a  post-village  of  Mercer  co.,  N.J ., 
5  miles  E.  of  Trenton,  and  2  miles  N.W.  of  the  Camden  A 
Amboy  Railroad.  It  has  3  churches,  the  Mercer  Rubber 
Works,  2  carriage-shops,  and  2  stores.     Pop.  about  300. 

Hamilton  Station,  Scott  co.,  Minn.   See  Hamilton. 

Hamiltonville,  New  York.    See  Guildeulaxd. 

Hamina,  a  town  of  Finland.     See  Fredehiksham.v. 

Ilamirpur,  British  India.     See  HcMEERPoon. 

HamMer,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  0.,  on  the  Balti- 
more A  Ohio  Railroad  (Chicago  division),  45  miles  W.  of 
Tiffin.  It  has  3  churches,  public  schools,  and  manufactures 
of  staves  and  lumber.     Pop.  556. 

Hani'let,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marin  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
North  Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  51  miles  N.W.  of  San  Fran- 
cisco. 

Hamlet,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co..  111.,  9  miles  N. 
of  Aledo,  and  about  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Davenport,  Iowa. 

Hamlet,  a  post-hamlet  of  Starke  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago  Railroad,  69  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Chicago.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  47. 

Hamlet,  formerly  O'mar,  a  post- village  of  Chautau- 
qua CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Villanova  township,  about  40  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Buffalo.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  cheese- 
factory.     Pop.  165. 

Hamlet,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richmond  co.,  N.C,  on  the 
Carolina  Central  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Rockingham,  and 
at  the  junction  of  the  Raleigh  A  Augusta  Air-Lino  Rail- 
road, 97  miles  S.W.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  saw-mill. 

Hamlet,  a  village  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  adjacent  to 
the  much  larger  village  of  AVoonsocket.  It  has  2  cotton- 
mills.     Pop.  335. 

Ham'lin,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  South  Dakota, 
is  traversed  by  the  Big  Sioux  River,  and  contains  several 
lakes.  This  county  is  nearly  destitute  of  forests.  Capital, 
Castlewood.     Pop."in  1880,  693;  in  1890,  4625. 

Hamlin,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Audubon  co., 
Iowa,  about  70  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Des  Moines.     Pop.  806. 

Hamlin,  a  post- village  of  Brown  co.,  Kansas,  in  Ham- 


HAM 


1355 


HaM 


lin  township,  7  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Hiawatha.  It  has 
2  churches,  public  school?,  a  bank,  Ac.     Pop.  216. 

Hamlin^  a  post-hamlet  of  Aroostook  co.,  Me.,  3  miles 
from  Grand  Falls,  New  Brunswick.  Pop.  of  Ilamlin  plan- 
tation, 558. 

Hamlin,  a  township  of  Eaton  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1650. 

Hamlin,  a  township  of  Mason  co.,  Mich.,  bounded  W. 
by  Lake  Michigan.     Pop.  141. 

Hamlin,  Monroe  co.j  Mich.    See  Raisinville. 

Ilamlin,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  Lake  Ontario.  Pop.  2322.  It  contains  hamlets 
named  Hamlin  and  East  Hamlin. 

Hamlin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Hamlin 
township,  on  the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad, 
16  miles  W,  of  Charlotte.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hamlin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lebanon  co..  Pa.,  in  Bethel 
township,  7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Myerstown.     It  has  a  church. 

Hamlin,  a  township  of  McKean  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  121. 
Hamlin  Station  is  on  the  McKean  &  Buffalo  Railroad,  7 
miles  from  Smethport. 

Hamlin,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lincoln  co.,  AV.  Va., 
about  28  miles  W.S.W.  of  Charleston.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Hamlin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Trempealeau  co..  Wis.,  on 
Buflfalo  River,  20  miles  S.  of  Eau  Claire. 

Ham'linton,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Salem  township,  about  15  miles  E.  of  Scranton.  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  tannery. 

Hamm,  himra,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  at  the 
junction  of  several  railways,  22  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Arnsberg, 
on  the  Lippe,  here  joined  by  the  Ahso.  Pop.  18,887.  It 
has  a  gymnasium,  manufactures  of  linen  fabrics  and  leather, 
bleaching-works,  and  an  active  trade. 

Hamm,  a  village  of  Germany,  territory  and  2  miles  E. 
of  Hamburg.     Pop.  3743. 

Hammah,  a  city  of  Syria.    See  Hamah. 

Hammah  de  Cabes.    See  El  Hammah  db  Cabks. 

Hammam,  hlm-mim'  (a  "bath"),  the  name  of  nu- 
merous places  in  Africa  and  Asia. 

Hammam-Aida,  hdm-m&m'-!'di,  a  village  of  Ana- 
tolia, 4  miles  W.  of  Yerma. 

Hammamat,  him-ml-mit',  a  station  of  Egjrpt,  on 
the  route  between  Kosseir  and  Kench,  with  well-buildings. 

Hammam  -  el  -  Berdaah,  hJ,m-mam'-6l-b{r*di' 
("  paeksaddle-bath  ;"  anc.  Aqnie  TihUitansef),  a  village  of 
Algeria,  province  and  45  miles  E.N.E.  of  Constantine,  on 
the  route  from  Bona. 

Hammam- el -Faraonn,  him-m&m'-fiI-fil-r!l-oon' 
("  Pharaoh's  baths"),  a  seaport  town  of  Arabia,  on  the  Gulf 
of  Suez,  80  miles  S.S.E.  of  Suez. 

Hammamct,  hjlm^mj.-mdt',  or  Hamamet,  a  sea- 
port town  of  Africa,  dominion  and  42  miles  S.E.  of  Tunis, 
on  the  Gulf  of  Ilammamet,  a  bay  of  the  Great  Syrtis.  It 
has  a  trade  with  the  city  of  Tunis. 

Hammam-Lcf,  h3,m-mim'-l6f  (anc  Aquse  Calidte),  a 
town  and  baths  of  the  dominion  and  20  miles  S.E.  of  Tunis. 

Hammam-Meskutia,  hlm-mam'-m6s-koo'te-i,  or 
Meskhoutin,  mSs'kooHiso'  ("the  enchanted  baths"),  in 
Algeria,  province  and  38  miles  E.  of  Constantine,  near  the 
Sebus  River,  the  hot  mineral  springs  here  having  formed 
some  curious  petrifactions.  Here  are  baths  and  a  military 
hospital.     Traces  of  Roman  edifices  are  discoverable. 

Ham'mansburg,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co.,  0.,  in 
Henry  township,  3  miles  N.  of  New  Baltimore  Station, 
which  is  26  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Tiffin.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
planing-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Hamme,  h.^m'meh,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flan- 
ders, on  an  affluent  of  the  Scheldt,  19  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ghent. 
It  is  the  seat  of  navigation,  rope-making,  and  trading  in 
hemp.     Pop.  of  commune,  10,778, 

Hamm  el  burg,  him'mel-bSoRG\  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on 
the  Saale,  23  miles  N.  of  WUrzburg.     Pop.  2762. 

Hammer,  him'm^r,  a  village  of  Denmark,  in  Jutland, 
9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Aalborg. 

Hammer,  him'mer,  a  village  of  Norway,  7  miles  N.E. 
of  Bergen,  with  2780  inhabitants. 

Hammer,  him'm^r,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia,  12 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Ratibor,     Pop.  850. 

Hammerfest,  hlm'm§r-f6st\  the  northernmost  town 
of  Europe,  in  Norway,  capital  of  the  province  of  Finmark, 
on  the  Qual-oe  ("whale  island"),  of  which  it  is  the  chief 
port,  60  miles  S.AV.  of  the  North  Cape.  Lat.  70°  40'  7"  N. ; 
Ion.  23°  35'  43"  E.  The  houses  are  of  wood  and  painted 
externally;  communication  between  its  quarters  is  kept  up 
by  boats ;  its  harbor  is  defended  by  a  fort.  In  summer  the 
heat  is  sometimes  oppressive,  and  throughout  the  winter 
the  temperature  is  mild  enough  for  the  fishery  to  be  carried 


on.  The  exports  comprise  stockfish,  ■whale,  seal,  and  fish 
oil,  skins,  walrus  hides  and  teeth,  copper,  and  feathers. 
Its  trade  is  mostly  with  Russia  and  Great  Britain.    P.  1547. 

Hammeroe,  h4m'm?r-o'?h,  a  peninsula  of  Norway, 
amt  of  Nordland,  on  the  AVest-Fiord.     Lat.  68°  10'  N. 

Ham'mcrsley's  Fork,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co., 
Pa.,  on  Kettle  Creek,  about  33  miles  N.AV.  of  Lock  Haven. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Ham'mersmith,  a  town  of  England,  and  a  suburb  of 
London,  co.  of  Middlesex,  on  the  Thames,  here  crossed  by 
a  bridge,  4  miles  AV.  of  St.  Paul's  Cathedral.  It  has  many 
handsome  houses,  a  church  built  in  1631,  a  school  endowed 
by  Bishop  Latimer,  and  a  royal  cathedral  chapel,  with 
ladies'  school.     Pop.  of  parish,  42,691. 

Hammerstein,  him'm?r-stine\  a  town  of  AVcst  Prus- 
sia, 18  miles  AV.  of  Schlochau.     Pop.  2790. 

Ham'mertown,  a  hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Pine  Plains  township, 

Ham'mon,  a  station  in  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Schuylkill  <fc  Susquehanna  Branch  of  the  Reading  Railroad, 
7  miles  S.AA^.  of  Auburn.    Here  is  Summit  Station  Post-Office. 

Ham^monas'set  River,  Connecticut,  runs  south- 
ward, forms  part  of  the  boundary  between  Middlesex  and 
New  Haven  cos.,  and  enters  Long  Island  Sound. 

Ham'mond,  a  post-village  of  Piatt  co..  111.,  at  the 
crossing  of  two  railroads,  20  miles  E.  of  Decatur,  and  8  miles 
S.  of  Bement.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and 
lumber-mills. 

Hammond,  a  post-village  of  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  20  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Chicago.  It  has  12  churches,  2  banks,  2  acade- 
mies, 6  newspaper  offices,  and  an  axe-  and  tool-factory. 
Pop.  5428. 

Hammond,  a  township  of  Spencer  co.,  Ind.     P.  2629, 

Hammond,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Bourbon  co., 
Kansas,  on  the  Missouri  River,  Fort  Scott  &  Gulf  Railroad, 
7  miles  N.  of  Forfr  Scott. 

Hammond,  a  post-village  of  Tangipahoa  parish.  La., 
on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  <!;  Chicago  Railroad,  62 
miles  N.N.AV.  of  New  Orleans.  It  has  2  churches,  a  hotel, 
and  a  lumber-mill. 

Hammond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Gaines  township,  on  the  Grand  River  Valley  Railroad,  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Grand  Rapids. 

Hammond,  or  Hammond  Corners,  a  post-vil- 
lage of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Hammond  township,  on 
the  Black  River  <fc  Morristown  Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of 
Morristown,  and  about  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ogdensburg.  It 
has  3  churches,  2  carriage-shops,  and  4  stores.  The  town- 
ship is  bounded  on  the  AV.  by  the  St.  Lawrence  River,  and 
includes  a  part  of  the  Thousand  Islands.  Here  are  quarries 
of  Potsdam  sandstone.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1815. 

Hammond,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Tioga  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Corning,  Cowanesque  <fc  Antrim  Railroad,  13  miles 
N.N.E.  of  AVellsborough.  . 

Hammond,  a  post-office  of  Aiken  co.,  S.C,  Pop.  of 
Hammond  township,  2560. 

Hammond,  a  post-office  of  Robertson  co.,  Tex.,  and  a 
station  on  the  Ilouston  k  Texas  Central  Railroad,  6  milea 
S.  of  Bremond. 

Hammond,  a  post-village  of  St.  Croix  co.,  Wis.,  in  ' 
Hammond  township,  on  the  West  Wisconsin  Railroad,  17 
miles  E.  of  Hudson.     It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  ploughs, 
and  other  farming-implements.    Pop.  of  the  township,  1220. 

Hammond,  a  post-village  in  Perth  co.,  Ontario,  6J 
miles  E.  of  Newry.     Pop.  100. 

Hammond  Corners,  New  York.    See  Hammond. 

Hammond  Islands,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  Solomon 
group,  are  in  lat.  8°  40'  S.,  Ion.  157°  20'  E. 

Ham'mond's,  a  station  in  Cook  co..  111.,  on  the  Chicago 
&  Pacific  Railroad,  2J  miles  S.  of  Elgin. 

Ham'mondsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  AA''arren  co.,  Iowa, 
in  Otter  township,  about  7  miles  S.E.  of  Indianola,     P.  59. 

Hammond^s  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Chemung  co., 
N.Y.,  7  miles  E.  of  Elmira.  It  has  a  church  and  a  wagon- 
shop.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  North  Chemung.  See 
also  Crown  Point  and  Hammonp. 

Ham'mondsford,  a  post-office  of  Wabasha  co.,  Minn. 

Ham'mondsport,  a  post-village  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y., 
is  pleasantly  situated  at  the  head  or  S.  end  of  Keuka  or 
Crooked  Lake,  in  Urbana  township,  on  the  Bath  <fe  llam- 
mondsport  Railroad,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Bath,  and  about  32 
miles  N.AV.  of  Elmira.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  3  churches, 
several  large  vineyards,  and  a  union  school.  Steamboats 
ply  daily  between  this  place  and  Penn  Yan.  The  Catawba 
grape  ripens  well  on  the  adjacent  hills,  and  here  are  manu* 
factures  of  Wines  and  brandies.     Pop.  1890,  934. 


HAM 


1356 


HAM 


Ilam'mondsvillet  »  poat-vilUgo  of  Enaex  oo.,  N.T., 
In  Cro»Yn  Point  township,  12  iuilo«  from  Lake  Champliiin,  on 
a  branch  railroad  oonnooting  with  the  New  York  <!;  Camula 
Railroad  at  Crown  Point.  Iron  is  minad  here.  It  has  about 
to  houses. 

Hainmondsville,  a  po8t-rillag«  in  Saline  township, 
Jefforson  CO.,  0.,  on  tho  Cleveland  A  Pittsburg  Ilailroad,  9i 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Cleveland,  and  20  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Stou- 
benvilio.  It  has  a  church,  a  coal-mine,  and  a  manufactory 
of  coke,  and  is  surrounded  by  hills  filled  with  ooal,  lime- 
stone, and  iron.     Pod.  504. 

Unm'moDd  Vale,orUphain  (iip'^m)  Vale,  a  post- 
village  in  Kinga  oo..  New  Brunswick,  13  miles  from  Sussex. 
Pop.  200. 

llaininons  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Floyd  co.,  Qa. 

Ilaiii'iiionton,  a  ])08t-village  of  Atlantic  co.,  N.J., 
31  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Philadelphia,  and  30  miles  N.W. 
of  Atlantic  City.  It  contains  6  churches,  2  newspaper  oSices, 
abaiik,  and  manufactures  of  boots,  i-hoes,  and  hosiery.  Much 
fruit  is  cultivated  here.  Poultry-raising  is  also  extensively 
carried  on.     Pop.  in  1S80,  1776;  in  1890,  3833. 

Ham'monville,  a  post-village  of  Hart  co.,  Ky.,  8 
miles  S.E.  of  Uptonville.  It  has  2  ohurohos  and  a  semi- 
nary.    Pop.  about  300. 

Ilamoon,  h&^moon'  (anc.  A'ria  Pa'lua),  a  largo  morass 
or  lake,  chiefly  in  Persia,  but  situated  on  tho  borders  of 
Beloochistan  and  Afghanistan,  between  lat.  30°  50'  and  31° 
54'  N.  Jind  Ion.  61°  8'  and  02°  10'  E.  Length,  from  N.E. 
to  S.W.,  about  70  miles  :  breadth,  from  15  to  20  miles.  It 
receives  the  Ilelmund,  Furrah-llood,  and  other  rivers ;  and 
while  the  Caspian,  Aral,  and  other  inland  seas  of  Asia  are 
decreasing  in  extent,  this  lake  is  said  to  be  on  the  increase. 
Its  E.  part  is  shallow  and  covered  with  reeds.  Here  is  an 
island  on  which  is  the  Fort  Eustum,  or  Koh-i-Kwajoh.  The 
water  is  salt,  and  the  banks  are  fringed  by  forests  of  tama- 
risks.    Lake  Zurrah,  to  the  S.E.,  is  now  nearly  dry. 

Ham'orton,  a  post-village  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  in  Ken- 
nett  township,  1  mile  from  Fairville  Station,  and  about  12 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Wilmington,  Del.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hamp  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Suriven  co.,  Ga. 

Hamp'den,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Massachu- 
Betts,  bordering  on  Connecticut,  has  an  area  of  about  620 
square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Connecticut  River, 
wuich  divides  it  into  nearly  equal  parts,  and  is  also  drained 
by  tho  Chicopee,  WostQeld,  and  Scantic  Rivers,  which  afford 
extensive  motive-power.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests  of  tho  ash,  elm,  oak,  beech, 
lugar-maple,  &o.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Hay,  butter, 
tobacco,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Among  its  minerals  are  granite  and  new  red  sand- 
stone. The  prosperity  of  tho  county  is  partly  derived  from 
important  manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  writing-paper, 
woollen  goods,  <!kc.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Boston  &  Albany, 
Connecticut  River,  New  Haven  &  Northampton,  and  New 
London  Northern  Railroads.  Capital,  Springfield.  Pop. 
in  1870,  78,409;  in  1875,  94,304;  in  1880,  104,142  ;  in  1890, 
135,713. 

Hampden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marengo  co.,  Ala.,  about 
50  miles  S.W.  of  Selma.  It  has  an  academy,  1  or  2  churches, 
and  a  tannery. 

Hampden,  a  township  of  Coffey  co.,  Kansas,  bounded 
S.AV.  by  the  river  Neosho.     Pop.  598. 

Hampden,  a  post-village  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  in 
Hampden  township,  on  the  AV.  bank  of  the  Penobscot  River, 

5  or  6  miles  below  Bangor.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy, 
1  or  2  paper-mills,  and  a  barrel-factory.  The  township 
contains  another  village,  named  Hampden  Corner,  and  has 

6  churches  and  3  steam  lumber-mills.     Total  pop.  2484. 

Hampden,  Baltimore  co.,  Md.     See  Woodbekry. 

Hampden,  formerly  South  Wil'braham,  a  post- 
village  of  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  in  a  township  of  the  same 
name,  10  or  11  miles  E.S.E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  3  churches 
and  3  woollen-factories. 

Hampden,  or  Hampton,  a  hamlet  of  Hunterdon  co., 
N.J  ,  in  Lebanon  township,  1  mile  from  Junction  Station, 
which  is  16  miles  E.  of  Easton,  Pa. 

Hampden,  a  post-office  of  Geauga  co.,  0.,  in  Hampden 
township,  3  miles  from  Chardon,  and  about  32  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Cleveland.  The  township  has  2  churches.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  767. 

Hampden,  township,  Cumberland  co..  Pa.    Pop.  1199. 

Hampden,  a  post-township  of  Columbia  co.,  Wis.,  10 
miles  W.  of  Columbus  Station,  and  about  22  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Madison.     Pop.  1012. 

Hampden  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me. 

Hampden  Corner,  a  post-village  of  Penobscot  co.. 
Me ,  in  Hampden  township,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Penob- 


scot River,  3  miles  from  Hermon  Railroad  Station,  and 
about  6  miles  below  Bangor.  It  has  3  churches  and  an 
academy.     Pop.  about  400. 

Hampden  Sidney  College,  a  post-hamletof  Prince 
Edward  co.,  Va.,  7  miles  from  Farmvillo,  and  about  70 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  a  church.  Here  is 
Hampden  Sidney  College  (Presbyterian),  which  wasorgnn- 
ized  in  1775  and  has  a  library  of  7000  volumes.  It  is  also 
the  seat  of  the  Union  Theological  Seminary  (Presbyterian). 

Hampshire,  a  county  of  England.    See  Hants. 

Hampshire,  hamp'Bhjr,  a  county  in  the  W.  central 
part  of  .Slassachusctts,  has  nn  area  of  about  600  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  tho  Connecticut  River,  and  is 
also  drained  by  the  Westfield,  Chicopee,  and  Swift  Rivers. 
The  surface  is  finely  diversified  by  hills,  valleys,  and  moun- 
tains, among  which  is  Mount  Holyoke.  This  county  is 
copiously  supplied  with  timber  and  water-power.  Tho  soil 
is  generally  fertile.  Tobacco,  butter,  hay,  Indian  corn,  and 
grass  are  the  staple  products.  Hampshire  has  manufactures 
of  cotton  and  woollen  goods,  paper,  <tc.  It  is  intersected 
by  tho  Connecticut  River  Railroad,  the  New  Haven  &  North- 
ampton Railroad,  and  the  New  London  Northern  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Northampton.  Granite,  syenite,  and  gneiss 
are  found  in  it.  Pop.  in  1870,  44,388 ;  in  1880,  47,232  ;  in 
1890,  51,839. 

Hampshire,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  West  Vir- 
ginia, has  nn  area  of  about  550  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  the  Potomac  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the 
Cacai  on  River  and  the  South  Branch  of  the  Potomac.  The 
surface  is  diversified  by  several  ridges  of  the  Alleghany 
Mountains,  and  a  largo  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests. 
The  valleys  produce  Indian  corn,  wheat,  grass,  Ac.  Iron 
ore  is  found  here.  The  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  passes 
along  tho  northern  border  of  this  county,  a  branch  extend- 
ing into  the  intorior  as  far  S.  as  Romney,  the  capital.  Pop. 
in  1870,  7613;  in  1880,  10,366;  in  1890,  11,419. 

Hampshire,  a  post-village  of  Kane  co.,  III.,  50  miles 
by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  lock-factory,  and  a 
brick-  and  tile-factory.     Pop.  696. 

Hampshire,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa.     P.  963. 

Hampshire,  a  post-office  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y. 

Hampshire,  a  post-hamlet  of  Maury  co.,  Tenn.,  16 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Columbia,  It  has  a  church  and  a  semi- 
nary. 

Hampshire  Avon,  a  river  of  England,     See  Avon, 

Hampshire  Alines,  a  station  in  Mineral  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Baltimore  <t  Ohio  Railroad,  1  mile  W.  of  Piedmont. 
Here  is  a  bed  of  excellent  semi-bituminous  coal,  from  14  to 
16  feet  thick,  situated  1000  feet  above  the  railro.ad. 

Hamp'stead,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Middlesex, 
4  miles  N.N.W.  of  London.  It  contains  many  elegant  and 
fashionable  mansions,  and  its  vicinity  is  much  resorted  to 
on  holidays  from  the  metropolis.  East  of  the  town  is  a 
mineral  spring,  formerly  in  high  repute. 

Hamp'stead,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  about 
28  miles  N.N.W.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  2  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  an  academy,  a  cigar-factory,  <fec.     Pop.  521. 

Hampstead,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.H., 
in  Hampstead  township,  8  or  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Haverhill 
City,  Mass.  It  has  a  church  and  a  high  school.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  935.  Hampstead  Stivtion  is  on  the  Nashua  & 
Rochester  Railroad,  16  miles  N.E,  of  Nashua. 

Hampstead,  a  post-h.imlet  of  King  George  co.,  Va., 
near  the  Potomac  River,  20  miles  E.  of  Brooke's  Station. 

Hamp'stead,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  the  river  St.  John,  36  miles  N.  of  St.  John.  It 
has  3  stores,  a  fulling-mill,  saw-  and  grist-mills,  and  a 
stone-quarry.     Pop.  250. 

Ilamp'ton,  a  parish  and  township  of  England,  co.  of 
Middlesex,  on  the  Thivraes,  about  15  miles  W.S.AV,  of  Lon- 
don, and  2i  miles  AV.  of  Kingston.  Here  are  many  noble 
mansions,  the  chief  of  which  is  Hampton  Court,  a  royal 
palace,  on  the  N.  bank  of  tho  Thames,  about  1  mile  from 
the  village.  It  was  founded  by  Cardinal  Wolsey,  and  two 
of  tho  magnificent  quadrangles  in  the  Tudor  style,  though) 
greatly  altered,  still  remain.  It  contains  state-rooms,  in 
which  are  rich  furniture  and  tapestry,  with  a  superb  col- 
lection of  paintings,  chiefly  historical  portraits  by  Holbein, 
Vandyke,  Lely,  Kneller,  and  AVest,  and  with  tho  seven 
cartoons  of  Raffaelle.  The  garden  has  some  good  sculp- 
ture, fountains,  vases,  Ac,  and  there  is  a  park  5  miles  in 
circumference.     Pop.  3915;  of  tho  parish,  6122. 

Hamp'ton,  a  county  in  the  S,  part  of  South  Carolina, 
is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Barnwell  co.,  E.  by  Colleton  co.,  S. 
by  Beaufort  co.  (from  which  the  Savannah  A  Charleston 
Railroad  separates  it),  and  AA'^.  by  Georgia.    The  surface 


HAM 


1357 


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Is  level,  and  is  partly  covered  with  forests  of  cypress,  yellow 
pine,  <fcc.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  sweet  potatoes  are  the 
staples.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Port  Royal  &  Augusta  Rail- 
road.  Capital,  Hampton  Court-House.   Pop.  (1890)  20,544. 

Hampton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Calhoun  co..  Ark., 
about  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Camden.    It  has  2  churches.    P.  i;58. 

Hampton,  a  post-township  of  Windham  co..  Conn., 
about  18  miles  N.  of  Norwich.  It  has  2  churches.  It  is 
traversed  by  the  New  York  &  New  England  Railroad,  on 
which  is  Hampton  Station,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Willimantic. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  891. 

Hampton,  formerly  Bear  Creek,  a  post-village  of 
Henry  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Atlanta  division  of  the  Georgia 
Central  Railroad,  33  miles  S.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  carriage-shop,  and 
several  general  stores.     Pop.  in  1890,  422. 

Hampton,  a  post-village  of  Rock  Island  co..  111.,  in 
Hampton  township,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  10  miles 
above  Davenport,  and  on  the  Western  Union  Railroad,  10 
miles  from  Rock  Island  City.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded 
school,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  flour,  <fec.  This  town- 
ship has  10  mines  of  coal,  which  is  its  chief  article  of  ex- 
port.    Pop.  in  1890,  2164;  of  the  village,  341. 

Hampton,  a  station  in  Will  co.,  III.,  on  the  Chicago  & 
Alton  Railroad,  5  miles  N.N.E.  of  Wilmington. 

Hampton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Franklin  co.,  Iowa, 
29  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Mason  City,  and  32  miles  N.  of  Eldora. 
It  contains  a  court-house,  3  banks,  7  churches,  3  newspaper 
offices,  a  high  school,  aluminum-works,  tobacco-  and  cigar- 
factories,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  2067. 

Hampton,  a  post-office  of  Rush  co.,  Kansas. 

Hampton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  road  between  Smithland  and  Carrsville. 

Hampton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dakota  co.,  Minn.,  about 
25  miles  S.  of  St.  Paul,  and  12  miles  S.W.  of  Hastings. 

Hampton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Platte  oo.,  Mo.,  in  Pettis 
township,  about  18  miles  N.W.  of  Kansas  City. 

Hampton,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  Neb.,  8  miles 
by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Aurora.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy, 
a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  430. 

Hampton,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Hampton  township,  and  on  the  Eastern  Railroad,  46  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Boston,  and  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Portsmouth.  It 
has  4  churches  and  a  good  hotel.  The  township  is  bounded 
on  the  S.E,  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  Pop.  of  the  township, 
1330.  Hampton  Beach,  in  this  township,  is  a  summer  re- 
sort, with  numerous  large  hotels. 

Hampton,  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.    See  Hampden. 

Hampton,  a  township  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.    Pop.  866. 

Hampton,  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.     See  Westmoreland. 

Hampton,  a  station  in  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie 
Railroad,  3  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Middletown. 

Hampton,  or  Hampton  Corners,  a  post-villnge  of 
Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Hampton  township,  about  9  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Whitehall,  and  1  mile  from  Poultney  Station,  Vt. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  woolen-mill. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  877. 

Hampton,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co..  Pa.,  in  Reading 
township,  about  27  miles  S.S.W.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  3 
churches,  an  academy,  <fec.     Pop.  about  250. 

Hampton,  S.C.    See  Hampton  Coort-House. 

Hampton,  a  hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  S.C,  15  miles 
S.W.  of  Monroe,  N.C. 

Hampton,  a  station  in  Richland  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
South  Carolina  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Columbia. 

Hampton,  the  capital  of  Elizabeth  City  co.,  Va.,  is  on 
the  N.  side  of  Hampton  Roads,  at  the  mouth  of  the  James 
River,  15  miles  N.N.W.  of  Norfolk,  and  2  miles  W.  of  Fort 
Monroe.  It  contains  7  churches,  the  Hampton  Normal  In- 
stitute (colored),  which  was  organized  in  1868,  2  banks,  2 
newspaper  offices,  and  a  free  school.  Here  is  a  fashionable 
place  of  resort,  with  good  bathing-ground  on  the  beach  at 
Old  Point  Comfort.  Hampton  has  manufactures  of  ploughs, 
building-material,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  2684;  in  1890,  2513. 

Hampton,  a  post-village  of  Kanawha  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Kanawha  River,  2  miles  from  Coalburg  Railroad  Sta- 
tion.    Coal  is  mined  here. 

Hampton,  a  station  in  Uintah  co.,  Wyoming,  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  61  miles  W.  of  Green  River  City. 

Hamp'ton,  a  post-village  in  Durham  co.,  Ontario,  5 
miles  N.  of  Bowmanville.  It  contains  3  stores,  several 
mills,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  400. 

Hampton,  the  chief  town  of  Kings  co.,  New  Brunswick, 
is  situated  on  the  Kennebaccasis  River,  an-d  on  the  Inter- 
colonial Railway,  22  miles  N.E.  of  St.  John.  It  contains 
the  county  buildings,  and  several  mills,  stores,  and  hotels. 
Pop.  200. 


Hampton  Coal-Fields^  in  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  is 
the  terminus  of  the  Edgewood  Railroad,  which  extends  1 
mile  to  Edgewood  Junction. 

Hampton  Court-House,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Hampton  co.,  S.C,  67  miles  S.E.  of  Augusta.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  318. 

Hampton  Falls,  a  post-town  of  Rockingham  co., 
N.H.  on  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  and  on  the  Eastern  Railroad, 
7  miles  N.  of  Nowburyport,  Mass.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
stocking-factory,  and  a  shoe-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  622. 

Hampton  Roads,  Virginia,  a  channel  between  Ches- 
apeake Bay  and  the  estuary  of  James  River,  separating 
Fort  Monroe  from  Sewall's  Point,  was  the  scene  of  a  naval 
action  between  the  Confederate  iron-clad  "  Merrimac"  and 
the  "Monitor,"  March  9,  1862.  About  a  mile  S.  of  Fort 
Monroe  is  a  small  fortified  island,  called  the  Rip  Raps. 

Hampton's,  a  station  of  the  Utah  Northern  Railroad, 
7  miles  W.  of  Mendon,  Utah. 

Hampton's  Cross  Roads,  apost-hamlet  of  Grayson 
CO.,  Va.,  30  miles  S.  of  Wytheville.     It  has  a  church. 

Hampton  Station,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Memphis  Branch  of  the  Louisville  <fc  Great 
Southern  Railroad,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Clarksville. 

Hampton  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Ark. 

Hamp'tonviile,  a  hamlet  of  Harrison  co..  Mo.,  20 
miles  N.  of  Pattonsburg. 

Hamptonville,  a  post-village  of  Yadkin  co.,  N.C,  26 
miles  N.  of  Statesville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hampton  Wick,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Middle- 
sex, on  the  Thames,  i  mile  N.  of  Kingston-upon-Thames. 

Ham'rick's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Torre  Haute  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  29  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Terre  Haute. 

Ham's  Fork,  a  small  river  of  Uintah  co.,  AVyoming, 
runs  southeastward,  and  unites  with  the  Black  Fork  of 
Green  River  about  2  miles  S.  of  Granger  Station,  on  the 
Pacific  Railroad. 

Ham's  Prairie,  pra'rec,  post-office,  Callaway  co.,  Mo. 

Ham'tranck,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
3751.     It  contains  Norris. 

Hamva,  hAm'v5h\  or  Hanowa,  hl'no'vSh*,  a  vil- 
lage of  Hungary,  co.  of  Gcimiir,  on  the  Sajo.     Pop.  900. 

Ham,  West,  England.    See  AVest  Ham. 

Ham- with- Watch,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Sur- 
rey, on  the  Thames,  11  miles  AV.S.W.  of  St.  Paul's,  London. 
Hero  is  Ham  House,  erected  in  1610  for  Henry,  Prince  of 
AVales,  and  many  other  elegant  seats. 

Han,  hln,  a  town  of  Dalmatia,  circle  of  Spalatro,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Cettina,  N.E.  of  Sign. 

Hanau,  hA'now,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Ilesse-Nassau, 
on  the  Kinzig,  near  its  junction  with  the  Main,  at  a  rail- 
way junction,  86  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Cassel.  Pop.  22,409.  It 
consists  of  an  old  and  a  new  town,  the  latter  well  built,  and 
having  a  good  market-place,  a  castle,  the  seat  of  the  AVct- 
teravian  Society  of  Natural  History,  a  large  hospital,  hand- 
some theatre,  council-house,  college,  academy  of  arts,  Ac, 
manufactures  of  silk  stuffs,  ribbons,  cotton  fabrics,  camlets, 
carpets,  leather,  gloves,  hosiery,  gold  and  silver  articles, 
porcelain,  carriages,  Ac,  and  a  considerable  trade  in  timber, 
barrels,  and  wine.  Near  it  are  mineral  springs.  At  Hanau 
the  French,  in  their  retreat  from  Leipsic,  totally  defeated 
the  Bavarians,  October  30,  1813. 

HRnau,  hi'nSw,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
about  18  miles  from  St.  Gall,  on  the  Thur. 

Hanazo,  a  river  of  Abyssinia,    See  Anazo. 

Hanceville,  hanss'vll,  a  post-village  of  Blount  co., 
Ala.,  on  the  South  A  North  Alabama  Railroad,  44  miles  S. 
of  Decatur.     It  has  3  churches. 

Han'cock,acounty  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  by  the  Ogeecheo  River,  and  on  the  AV.  by  the 
Oconee  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  uneven,  and  is  partly 
covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  The  soil  in 
some  parts  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  grass  are 
the  staple  products.  Among  the  minerals  of  this  county 
are  granite,  agate,  opal,  kaolin,  and  zircon.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Georgia  Railroad,  which  passes  through 
Sparta,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,317;  in 
1880,  16,989;  in  1890,  17,149. 

Hancock,  a  western  county  of  Illinois,  borders  on 
Iowa  and  Missouri.  Area,  about  769  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  AV.  and  N.AV.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and 
is  also  drained  by  the  La  Moin  or  Crooked  Creek.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  diversified  with  prairies  and 
woodlands.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
oats,  hay,  pork,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.    Among 


HAN 


rW8 


HAN 


the  forfst  tree*  uro  white  onk,  hiokorj,  elm,  asb,  linden,  and 
bonej-Iooiut.  Subcarbonlforoua  Hiuentune  oovored  with  a 
thick  deposit  of  drift  undcrlioa  thi»  county.  It  is  a  good 
material  for  building,  and  ia  quarried  for  that  purpose. 
Coal  ia  found  here.  Thia  county  ia  intorcoctod  by  3  rail- 
roads,— the  Toledo,  Peoria  A  Wursiiw,  the  Chicago,  Burling- 
ton A  Quincy,  nnd  the  Wiiboiih,  the  latter  two  ooniuiuni- 
oating  with  Varthago,  the  oapital.  Pop.  in  1870,  35,935; 
in  1880,  35,337;  in  1890,  31,907. 

Hanoockt  n  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Indiann, 
haa  an  area  of  about  307  square  uiilea.  It  ia  intcraouted 
by  Sugar  Creek,  nnd  ia  also  drained  by  Big  Blue  River  nnd 
Swauip  Creek.  The  aurfnco  ia  nearly  level,  and  more  than 
one-third  of  it  ia  covered  with  foresta.  The  aoil  ia  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  grasa,  nnd  pork  are  the  atapic  products. 
Thia  county  is  iiiteraocted  by  the  Cincinnati,  Ilauiilton  & 
Dayton  Railroad,  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St. 
Louis  Railroad,  nud   the  Pennsylvania  Lines,  the  latter 

fassing  through  Greenfield,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
5,123;  in  1880,  17,123;  in  1890,  17,829. 

Hancock,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an  area 
of  576  square  miles.  It  ia  intersected  l>y  the  Iowa  River, 
'and  is  also  drained  by  the  Boone  River,  which  rises  in  it. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level.  The  i>oil  is  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  unts,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products. 
This  oounty  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago.  Milwaukee  &, 
St.  Paul,  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern,  and  Min- 
neapolis &,  St.  Louis  Railroads.  Capital,  Concord.  Pop. 
in  1870,  999;  in  1880,  3453;  in  1890,  7621. 

Hancock)  a  county  of  Kentucky,  bordering  on  Indiana, 
has  an  area  of  about  200  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  the  Ohio  River.  The  surface  is  diversified  with 
undulating  uplands  and  wide  river-bottoma,  which  are  level 
and  very  fertile.  Tobacco  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple 
products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Louisville..  St.  Louis  & 
Texas  Railway.  Capital,  Ilawesville.  Pop.  in  1870,  6591 ; 
in  1880,  8563;  in  1890,  9214. 

Hancock,  n  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Maine,  has  an 
area  of  about  1312  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S. 
by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  is  drained  by  the  Union  and 
Penobscot  Rivers,  the  latter  of  which  forms  a  part  of  the 
W.  boundary.  This  county  comprises  numerous  islands, 
the  most  remarkable  of  which  is  Mount  Desert  Island.  The 
sea-coast  is  indented  with  many  bays  or  inlets,  which  afibrd 
good  harbors.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  many  small 
lakes  and  extensive  foresta.  Lumber,  butter,  grass,  and 
potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Maine  Central  Railroad.  Capital,  Ellsworth.  Pop.  in  1870, 
36,495;  in  1880,38,129;  in  1890,37,312. 

Hancock,  the  most  southern  county  of  Mississippi, 
has  an  area  estimated  at  549  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  S.  by  Miiisissip))i  Sound,  a  part  of  the  Gulf  of  Mex- 
ico, ond  on  the  W.  by  Pearl  River.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level.  The  soil  is  sandy  and  poor.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Louisville  &  Nashville  and  New  Orleans  &  Mobile  Rail- 
roads. Capital,  Bay  St.  Louis.  Pop.  in  1870,  4239 ;  in 
1880,  6439;  in  1800)  8318. 

Hancock,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an 
area  of  about  522  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Blanchard  Fork  of  the  Auglaize  River.  The  surface  is 
nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests,  in 
which  the  beech,  elm,  white  ash,  hickory,  white  oak,  and 
sugar-maple  abound.  The  soil  is  a  fertile  calcareous  loam. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  oats,  pork,  nnd  butter  are  the 
staple  products.  Good  Silurian  limestone  underlies  a  large 
part  of  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Cleveland, 
Cincinnati,  Chicago  <!k  St.  Louis,  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  & 
Dayton,  Findlay,  Fort  Wayne  &  Western,  Lake  Erie  & 
Western,  and  Toledo,  Columbus  <t  Cincinnati  Railroad?, 
all  of  which  communicate  with  Findlay,  the  capital.  Poj). 
in  1870,  23,847;  in  1880,  27,784  ;  in  1890,  42,563. 

Hancock,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  East  Tennessee, 
borders  on  Virginia.  Area,  about  260  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  Clinch  River.  The  surface  is  partly  moun- 
tainous, and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil 
Qf  the  valleys  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and 
pork  arc  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Sneedsville.  Pop. 
in  1870,  7148;  in  1880,  9098;  in  1890.  10,342. 

Hancock,  the  most  northern  county  of  West  Virginia, 
haa  an  area  of  about  92  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.AV.  and  W.  by  the  Ohio  River,  which  separates  it  from 
the  state  of  Ohio.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wool, 
'wheat,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products.  Bituminous  coal 
is  found  in  it.  It  is  traversed  in  its  southern  portion  by 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  a  branch  of  which  runs  N.  to 
New  Cumberland.  Capital,  Fairview.  Pop.  in  1870,  4363 ; 
in  1880,  4882;    in  1890,  6414. 


Hancock,  a  township  of  Hancock  co..  III.     Pop.  1011. 

Hancock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.,  in  Blue 
River  township,  23  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Kew  Albany.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Hancock,  a  post-township  of  Hancock  oo..  Me.,  is  on 
Frenchuian'a  Bay,  a  deep  inlet  of  the  sea,  about  34  milea 
S.E.  of  Bangor.     It  hua  4  churches.     Po]).  1190. 

Hancock,  a  post-village  of  Waahington  eo.,  Md.,  on 
the  Potomac  River,  and  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad 
(its  station  being  on  the  West  Virginia  aide  of  the  river, 
reached  by  an  iron  bridge),  122  miles  W.N.W.  of  Baltimore, 
and  56  milea  £.  of  Cumberland.  It  bna  5  churches,  a  news- 
paper ofiice,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  cement-factory.     Pop.  815. 

Hancock,  a  poat-villnge  of  Berkshire  co.,  Moas.,  in 
Hancock  township,  on  Kinderhook  Creek,  8  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Pittsfield.  The  township  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  and 
3  woollen-factories.  It  ia  Iwunded  W.  by  the  New  York 
line,  and  oontnina  a  Shaker  village.  Here  the  Taconio 
Mountains  afi'ord  fioe  views  of  the  Berkshire  and  Hudson 
valleys.     Pop.  of  the  township,  506. 

HancocK,  n  post-village  in  Hancock  township,  Hough- 
ton CO.,  Mich.,  about  I  mile  N.  of  Houghton,  from  which  it 
is  separated  by  a  navigable  water  called  Portage  Lake, 
crossed  by  a  bridge.  It  is  connected  with  Lake  Superior 
by  a  ship-canal,  and  is  a  terminus  of  the  Mineral  Range 
Railroad.  Its  prosperity  is  derived  from  rich  mines  of 
pure  native  copper.  It  has  a  national  bank,  a  savings- 
bank,  7  churche.-<,  tt  high  school,  2  uew^pnper  offices,  several 
smelting-furnaces  and  stamping-mills,  2  foundries,  and  a 
steam  saw-mill.    Pop.  in  189(1,  1772  ;  of  the  township,  2735. 

Hancock,  a  township  of  Carver  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  550. 

Hancock,  n  post-villnge  of  Stevens  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
St.  Paul  A  Pacific  Railroad,  150  miles  W.  by  N.  of  St. 
Paul.     It  hns  a  church. 

Hancock,  Pulaski  co..  Mo.    See  InoN  Summit. 

Hancock,  a  post-village  of  Hillsborough  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Hancock  township,  about  28  miles  W.  of  Manchester.  It 
has  a  church  and  u  high  school.    Pop.  of  the  township,  637. 

Hancock,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  in  a 
hilly,  picturesque  country,  on  the  Delaware  River,  at  the 
junction  of  its  branches,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  164 
miles  N.W,  of  New  York,  and  50  milea  by  rail  E.S.E.  of 
Binghamton.  It  has  4  church(;|,  a  graded  school,  a  bank, 
2  flour-mills,  2  ncid-mills,  planing-mills,  and  a  newspaper 
ofiice.  Pop.  in  1890,  1279.  There  is  also  a  Hancock  Station 
in  this  township,  on  the  Midland  Railroad,  20  miles  S.  of 
Walton  Junction. 

Hancock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co.,  0.,  in  Jackson 
township,  5  miles  from  Junction  City.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hancock,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hancock  township,  Addi- 
son CO.,  Vt.,  about  22  miles  N.  of  Rutland.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  283. 

Hancock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waushara  co.,  Wis.,  in 
Hancock  township,  on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad, 
Southern  division,  44  miles  N.  of  Portage  City.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  660. 

Hancock's  Bridge,  a  post- village  of  Salem  co.,  N.J., 
on  A  Ho  ways  Creek,  4i  miles  S.  of  Salem.  It  has  a  church, 
a  carriage-shop,  a  grain-elevator,  and  3  stores. 

Hancock  Station,  West  Virginia.  See  Hancock,  Md. 

Hand,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  South  Dakota. 
Area,  about  1000  square  miles.  Capital,  Miller.  Pop.  in 
1880,  153:  in  1890,  6546. 

Han'da,  an  island  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Sutherland,  sep- 
arated from  the  mainland  by  a  narrow  sound. 

Handah,  h&n'd&,  or  IJandak,  h&nM&k',  a  town  of 
Nubia,  on  the  Nile,  40  miles  S.E.  of  New  Dongola. 

Hand'fortli,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Chester,  5 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Stockport. 

Handle's  (han'diz)  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  in 
lat  37°  54'  50"  N.,  Ion.  107°  30'  W.  Its  altitude  is  13,977 
feet  above  the  sea-level.  It  is  about  12  miles  N.E.  of  Sil- 
verton. 

Hand'ley,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  Ala.,  12  miles 
(direct)  S.E.  of  Wedowee. 

Handiey,  a  post-village  of  Tarrant  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Fort  Worth.  It 
has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  &o. 

Hands'borough,  apost-rillage  of  Harrison  co.,  Miss., 
is  on  the  New  Orleans  &  Mobile  Railroad,  1  mile  N.  of 
Mi.'sissippi  City,  which  is  about  10  miles  W.  of  Biloxi, 
and  2  miles  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  has  6  churches 
and  several  lumber-mills.     Pop.  1021. 

Handschuhsfaeim,  h&nt'shoos-hime\  a  village  of  Ba- 
den, on  the  Main,  10  miles  S.  of  Mannheim.     Pop.  2540. 

Hand'soms  Depot,  a  post-office  and  station  of  South- 
ampton CO.,  Va.,  on  the  Seaboard  &  Roanoke  Railroad. 


HAN 


1359 


HAN 


IJan'dy,  a  post-offico  of  Fayette  co.,  Ala. 

Handy,  a  township  of  Livingston  co.,  Mich.   Pop.  2144. 

Handy,  a  post-offico  of  Rock  co.,  Minn. 

Handzaame,  or  Handzaeme,  hind'z^^m^h,  a  vil- 
lage of  Belgium,  in  West  Flanders,  15i  miles  by  rail  S.AV. 
of  Bruges.     Pop.  2640. 

Hanerau,  hi'n^h-row^  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  the 
N.W.  part  of  Holstein,  on  the  Eider. 

Ha'nerville,  a  post-oflSce  of  Dane  co.,  Wis.,  on  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Hailroad,  about  20  miles 
S.E.  of  Madison. 

Hanesville,  hanz'vll,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  Md., 
about  27  miles  E.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hanesville,  a  post-offico  of  Meigs  co.,  0. 

Ha'ney,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Wis.,  traversed  by 
the  Kickapoo  River.     Pop.  671. 

Haney's,  a  station  in  Mills  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Kansas 
City,  St.  Joseph  &,  Council  Bluffs  Railroad,  19  miles  S.  of 
Council  Bluffs. 

Haney's  Corner,  a  post-village  in  Shelby  township, 
Ripley  co.,  Ind.,  about  15  miles  N.  of  Madison. 

Ha'neyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.,  6 
miles  N.  of  Lock  Haven.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Han'ford,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Tulare  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Ilan'ford's  Landing,  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  oo.,  N.Y., 
is  on  the  Genesee  River,  2  or  3  miles  N.  of  Rochester. 

Hang-Chow-Foo,  Hang-Tchow-Foo,  hing^- 
chow'-foo',  or  Hang-Tcheou-Foo,  hing^-che-oo^-foo', 
an  important  city  of  China,  capital  of  the  province  of  Che- 
Kiang,  on  the  Tsien-tang-Kiang,  20  miles  from  its  mouth 
in  Ilang-Chow-Foo  Bay,  at  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Grand 
Canal.  It  is  populous,  well  built,  and  clean,  and  has  e.x- 
tcnsi  ve  manufactures  of  silk,  and  a  very  active  general  trade. 
It  suffered  much  in  the  civil  war  of  1861-64.     P.  600,000. 

Ilangendenlissen,  Austria.    See  FUnfhaus. 

Ilangest,  h6s»^zh4,',  a  village  of  France,  in  Somme,  on 
a  railway,  7  miles  N.  of  Montdidier.     Pop.  1360. 

Hang'ing  Grove,  township,  Jasper  co.,  Ind.    P.  393. 

Hanging  Rock,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Ohio  River,  2  or  3  miles  below  Ironton,  and  about  60 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Chillicothe.  It  is  the  terminus  of  a  rail- 
road which  extends  to  the  New  Castle  coal-mines.  It  has  2 
churches  and  2  stove-foundries.     Pop.  in  1890,  846. 

Hanging  Rock,  a  station  in  Summit  co.,  Utah,  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  27  miles  S.W.  of  Evanston. 

Hanging  Rock,  a  station  in  Utah  oo.,  Utah,  on  the 
American  Fork  Railroad,  12  miles  N.E.  of  American  Fork. 

Hanging  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hampshire  co.,  W. 
Va., -about  14  miles  S.E,  of  Romney.  It  has  a  flour-mill 
and  a  store. 

Hanging  Rock  Mills,  post-office.  Hardy  co.,  W.  Va. 

Hangman's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Stevens  co.,  Wash- 
ington. 

Ilangoo,  or  Hangu,  hin-goo',  a  small  town  of  Afghan- 
istan, 15  miles  W.  of  Kohat.     Pop.  about  1500. 

Hang-o-Udde,  Hango  Udde,  ha,ng'go  ood'd§h,  or 
Hangoud,  hing-go-ood',  a  free  port  of  Finland,  on  the 
N.  coast  of  Finland,  with  a  good  harbor.  It  is  connected 
by  railway  with  the  interior. 

Hang-TchoAV-Foo,  China.     See  HANG-Cnow-Foo. 

Hangwelly,  hingVfll'lee,  a  village  of  Ceylon,  10  miles 
E.  of  Colombo. 

Hanifah,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  Anizeh. 

Han-Keoo,  Han-Keou,  hAn'-kd-oo',  or  Han> 
Kow  ("  mouth  of  commerce"),  a  treaty  port  and  city  of 
China,  on  the  Yang-tse-Kiang,  at  the  mouth  of  one  of  its 
tributaries,  700  miles  from  the  sea.  This  city  forms,  with 
Ilan-Yang  and  Woo-Chang  (Ou-Tchang  or  Oo-Tchang),  the 
capital  of  Hoo-Pe,  all  in  sight  of  one  another,  and  separated 
only  by  the  river,  one  of  the  greatest  commercial  centres  in 
the  world.  Hue  estimates  their  united  pop.  at  8,000,000  ; 
but  they  suffered  much  in  the  Tae-Ping  wars.  Lat.  about 
30°  30'  N. :  Ion.  near  114°  E. 

Han-Kiang,  hin^-ke-ing',  a  river  of  China,  provinces 
of  Shen-See  and  Hoo-Pe,  after  a  tortuous  E.  course,  esti- 
mated at  600  miles,  joins  the  Yang-tse-Kiang  at  Han- Yang. 
Hankin,  hin^kin',  a  maritime  town  of  Corea,  on  its  E. 
coast.     Lat.  39°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  127°  35'  E, 

Hank'in's,a  post- village  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  143  miles  N.W. 
of  New  York.     It  has  a  church  and  a  public  school. 

Hank'inson,  a  post-village  of  Richland   co.,  N.D., 

19  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Rutland.    It  has  3  churches,  a  public 

fchool,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of 

flour,  starch,  <Scc.     Pop.  300. 

Han'ley,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Stafford,  on  a  rail- 


way, 2  miles  E.N.E.  of  Newcastle,  and  forming  part  of  the 
borough  of  Stoke-upon-Trent.  It  has  fine  public  buildings 
and  extensive  potteries.     Pop.  (1891)  54,846, 

Han'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich.,  4  miles 
S.  of  Jenisonville  Railroad  Station.  It  has  manufactures 
of  wagons  and  horseshoes, 

Han'lin  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Pan-Handle  Railroad,  32  miles  W.  of  Pittsburg. 
It  has  about  12  houses. 

Han'ly,  a  post-office  of  Jessamine  co.,  Ky.,  4  miles 
(direct)  S.  of  Nicholasville. 

Han'na,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  III.,  bounded  N.  by 
the  Rock  River.     Pop.  964. 

Hanna,  apost-villngeof  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.,  59  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Chicago.  It  has  2  churches,  graded  schooLs,  and 
manufactures  of  butter. 

Hanna,  a  township  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.,  is  bounded 
S.E.  by  English  Lake  and  the  river  Kankakee.     Pop.  717. 

Han'nah,  or  Han'nah  Fur'nace,  a  station  in  Cen- 
tre CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Bald  Eagle  Valley  Railroad,  11  miles  N. 
of  Tyrone. 

Han^nahatch'ee,  a  post-office  of  Steward  co.,  Qa., 
about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Coiunibus. 

Han'nah's  Creek,  of  North  Carolina,  flows  into  the 
Neuse  River  near  the  S.  border  of  Johnstown  co. 

Han'na's  Creek,  of  Indiana,  flows  into  the  White- 
water River  in  Union  co. 

Han'naville,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co.,  Tex. 

Han'naway  Falls,  formerly  Ells'worth,  a  port- 
village  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Pierpont  township,  on 
the  Racket  River,  4  miles  S.  of  Potsdam.  It  has  a  church, 
a  saw-mill,  <fec.     Pop.  179. 

Han'nersville,  a  post-office  of  Davidson  co.,  N.C. 

Hanniah,  a  town  of  Asia.    See  Lanchang. 

Han'nibal ,  a  city  of  Marion  co..  Mo.,  is  situated  on  the  y 
Mississippi  River,  18  miles  below  Quiney,  and  about  143  A 
miles  above  St.  Louis,  which  is  100  miles  distant  by  land. 
By  railroad  it  is  206  miles  E.  of  St.  Joseph,  and  102  miles 
W.  of  Springfield,  111.  It  is  an  important  railroad  centre, 
being  the  E.  terminus  of  the  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  Rail- 
road, and  the  N.E.  terminus  of  the  Missouri,  Kansas  & 
Texas  Railroad.  It  is  connected  with  St.  Louis  by  the  St. 
Louis,  Keokuk  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  and  with  E.astern 
cities  by  the  Wabash  Railroad.  Hannibal  is  the  seat  of 
Hannibal  College  (Methodist  Episcopal  South),  which  was 
founded  in  1868,  and  it  contains  12  churches,  a  high  school, 
St.  Joseph's  Academy,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  gas- 
works, and  printing-offices  which  issue  2  daily  and  3  weekly 
newspapers.  It  has  an  extensive  trade  in  lumber,  several 
flouring-mills,  iron-foundries,  tobacco-factories,  lime-kilns,  a 
manufactory  of  railroad-cars,  2  grain-elevators,  and  exten- 
sive manufactures  of  sash,  doors,  and  blinds.  The  river  is 
here  crossed  by  a  new  iron  railroad  bridge,  which  is  nearly 
1600  feet  long  between  the  abutments.  Pop.  in  1860,  6505  ; 
in  1870,  10,125;  in  1880,  11,074;  in  1890,  12,857. 

Hannibal,  a  post-village  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Han- 
nibal township,  on  the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg 
Railroad,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Oswego,  and  about  28  miles 
N.  of  Auburn.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  an  academy,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  barrels  and  staves. 
Pop.  452;  of  the  township,  2688. 

Hannibal,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  C,  in  Ohio 
township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  20  miles  below  Mounds- 
ville,  W.  Va.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  400. 

Han'nibal,  three  islands  off  the  N.E.  coast  of  Aus- 
tralia.    Lat.  11°  35'  S.;  Ion.  142°  51'  20"  E. 

Han'nibal  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oswego  co., 
N.Y.,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Hannibal  Station.  It  has  a  church, 
a  grist-mill,  and  a  foundry. 

Ha-Noi,  the  capital  of  Tonquin,    See  Ketcho. 

Hanover,  han'o-v^r  (Ger.  Hannover,  hin-no'v§r;  Fr. 
Hanovre,  hi^nov'r' ;  L.  Hano'vera),  a  city  of  Prussia,  cap- 
ital of  the  province  of  Hanover,  on  the  Leine,  an  affluent 
of  the  Weser,  83  miles  S.W.  of  Hamburg.  Lat.  52°  22'  16" 
N. ;  Ion.  9°  44'  40"  E,  Railways  connect  it  with  the  prin- 
cipal North  German  towns.  It  is  built  in  a  sandy  plain, 
enclosed  by  planted  walks,  and  divided  by  the  river  (here 
crossed  by  several  bridges)  into  an  old  and  a  new  town,  the 
latter  regularly  laid  out,  lighted  with  gas,  and  comprising 
a  fine  esplanade,  on  which  stand  the  monumental  rotunda 
of  Leibnitz,  and  a  column  156  feet  in  height,  erected  to  the 
Hanoverians  who  fell  at  Waterloo,  The  principal  edifices 
arc  the  palaces,  opera-house,  arsenal,  a  splendid  theatre, 
museum,  polytechnic  school,  barracks,  royal  stables,  city 
hall  and  record-office,  a  rich  library  of  printed  works  and 
valuable  manuscripts,  and  the  Schloss-Kirche,     Its  institu- 


HAN 


1360 


UAN 


tions  comprise  the  Qeorgtanuin,  founded  in  1776,  a  gymna- 
■ium,  »  normal  lobool,  and  various  aaylums  and  tiospitols. 
It  has  manufactures  of  oil-oloth,  gold  and  silver  articleD, 
oarpetJi,  liio(]ucrod  wares,  ohiooory,  Ao.  The  transit  trade 
witli  liromou,  <fco.,  is  considerable ;  and  here  is  an  exchange 
for  mining  produce.  About  half  a  mile  from  the  city  is 
Mount  lirilliunt,  a  royal  country  residence,  with  a  fine  pic- 
tare-gallery,  and  1  mile  di«tnnt  is  the  old  palace  of  Ilerrn- 
h*u8«n.  The  city  has  many  public  monuments.  Hanover 
has  increased  rapidly  in  population  since  the  annexation  to 
Prussia,  and  the  newly-built  quarters  are  for  the  most  part 
architecturally  very  fine.  Pup.  in  1S80,  including  the  suburb 
of  Linden,  145,227 ;  in  ISOU,  165,499. 

Ilauover,  or  Hannover,  a  province  of  Prussia,  is 
bounded  N.  by  the  German  Ocean,  Iiolstoin,  and  Lauenburg, 
from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  Elbe,  N.E.  by  Mocklcn- 
burg-Schwerin,  E.  by  Prussian  Sa.xony  and  Brunswick,  S.  by 
Prussian  Sa.\ony,  Hesse-Nassau,  and  Rhenish  Prussia,  and 
Vf.  by  the  Netherlands.  It  is  of  very  irregular  shape,  and  is 
divided  into  three  distinct  portions,  the  first,  and  by  far  the 
largest,  forming  Hanover  proper,  situated  on  the  E.,  and 
tolerably  compact ;  the  second  on  the  W.,  and  separated 
from  the  former  by  Oldenburg  and  Rhenish  Prussia,  ex- 
cept where  the  continuity  is  maintained  by  a  narrow  tract 
not  more  than  6  miles  wide;  and  the  third  in  the  S.,  com- 
pletely isolated  from  the  other  two.  Besides  these  three 
principal  there  are  three  minor  portions,  all  in  the  S.,  and 
a  range  of  sandy  islands  lining  the  coast.  Within  the  terri- 
tory are  included  part  of  Brunswick  and  the  free  town  of 
Bremen.    Area,  14,856  square  miles. 

The  surface  in  the  S.  is  covered  by  the  Harz  Mountains, 
some  of  whose  summits  here  attain  a  height  of  more  than 
3000  feet ;  but  all  the  rest  of  the  country  belongs  to  the  W. 
part  of  the  great  plain  which  stretches  E.  across  Prussia 
and  Russia.  In  Ilanovor,  this  plain,  after  it  becomes  free 
of  the  N.  slopes  of  the  Harz,  subsides  into  an  extensive  and 
monotonous  flat,  with  a  gentle  slope  towards  the  North 
Sea.  The  only  exception  to  the  general  flatness  is  caused  by 
branches  of  the  Harz,  one  of  which  stretches  in  a  N.N.AV. 
direction  and  forms  the  watershed  between  the  Ems  and 
the  Weser,  In  addition  to  these  two  rivers,  the  only  other 
river  of  consequence  is  the  Elbe,  which  skirts  the  N.E.  and 
bounds  a  considerable  portion  of  the  N.  The  Harz  Moun- 
tains are  rich  in  minerals,  which  have  long  been  worked  to 
a  great  extent,  and  still  form  one  of  the  chief  sources  both 
of  wealth  and  employment.  They  produce  a  little  gold,  a 
considerable  amount  of  silver,  some  zinc,  from  100  to  150 
tons  of  copper,  and  about  4000  tons  of  iron  annually.  A 
branch  of  the  Harz,  between  the  Loine  and  the  Weser, 
yields  both  ooal  and  lignite,  and  in  several  quarters  rock 
salt  is  found. 

The  climate  is  remarkably  mild,  except  in  the  higher 
districts  of  the  S.  The  prevailing  wind  is  the  W. ;  the  air, 
on  the  whole,  is  healthy,  but  its  sudden  changes  of  tempera- 
ture, particularly  near  the  coast,  are  trying  to  weak  consti- 
tutions ;  and  in  the  low  flats,  when  the  rivers  become  slug- 
gish and  numerous  stagnant  pools  are  formed,  dysentery, 
ague,  and  intermittent  fevers  often  prevail. 

In  the  low  alluvial  flats  the  soil  is  remarkably  rich,  but 
usually  so  charged  with  moisture  that  it  cannot  be  safely 
brought  under  the  plough,  and  is  formed  into  meadows, 
which  yield  heavy  crops  of  hay  or  feed  large  numbers  of 
cattle.  When  the  ground  attains  a  higher  elevation  the 
soil  usually  consists  either  of  a  thin  vegetable  mould  on  a 
substratum  of  sand  so  poor  as  often  to  be  left  in  a  state  of 
nature  with  its  covering  of  heath,  or  of  deep  beds  of  peat. 
But  there  are  extensive  tracts  of  arable  land,  amounting 
to  one-fourth  of  the  whole  surface,  so  industriously  culti- 
vated as  to  produce  more  corn  than  is  required  for  home 
consumption.  Flax  is  extensively  cultivated,  and  forms 
an  important  article  of  export.  The  domestic  animals 
are  horses,  horned  cattle,  sheep,  goats,  and  swine.  Poultry 
also,  particularly  geese,  are  reared  in  vast  numbers  in  the 
marshes,  and  the  rearing  of  bees  is  practised  among  the 
moors. 

Mining  operations,  next  to  agriculture,  form  the  most 
important  branches  of  industry.  Other  manufactures  are 
of  comparatively  limited  extent.  The  most  important  are 
tissues  of  flax  and  hemp.  The  only  other  articles  deserving 
of  notice  are  hosiery,  ribbons,  leather,  chiceory,  tobacco, 
oil,  chemical  products,  beer,  and  brandy.  The  trade  has 
the  advantage  of  three  navigable  rivers  and  a  considerable 
extent  of  sea-coast,  and  railways  communicate  with  the 
great  continental  trunks. 

As  a  whole,  Hanover  is  very  thinly  peopled,  and,  in 
proportion  to  its  extent  of  surface,  has  fewer  towns  of  im- 
portance than  any  other  region  in  Germany.    The  inhab- 


itants are  generally  of  Saxon  origin,  except  in  the  W., 
where  they  have  a  common  origin  with  the  Dutch,  or  are 
of  Frisian  extraction.  The  educated  classes  use  the  ordi- 
nary written  language  of  the  country,  but  the  lower  ordcri 
generally  speak  Low  Gorman.  The  principal  scut  of  learn- 
ing is  the  University  of  Oottingen.  The  groat  majority  of 
the  inhabitants  are  Protestants. 

The  countries  of  which  the  province  of  Hanover  is  now 
composed  were,  in  early  times,  the  theatre  of  protracted 
contests  between  the  Saxons  and  the  Romans.  After  the 
Romans  lost  their  footing  in  the  country  and  the  Longo- 
bardi  were  expelled  from  it,  the  Saxons  became  sole  pos- 
sessors. Charlemagne  subdued  the  Saxons,  introduced 
Christianity,  and  founded  several  bii<ho])ric8.  Wittckind, 
the  Saxon  leader,  by  becoming  a  Christian  lost  much  of 
his  influence  with  the  great  body  of  his  countrymen,  who 
still  continued  pagans,  but  was  allowed  to  possess  his  hered- 
itary states.  In  961  the  chief  power  was  in  the  hands  of 
Herrmann  Billung,  from  whom  the  fourth  in  succession  wai 
Magnus.  He  succeeded  In  1106.  On  the  death  of  his  son, 
Henry  the  Lion,  in  1195,  the  possessions  left  to  him  were 
shared  fey  his  three  sons.  Through  the  heirs  of  one  of 
these  (William,  the  youngest),  the  lines  of  Brunswick- 
Wolfonbiittel  and  of  Brunswick-Llineburg  were  ultimately 
formed.  Ernest  Augustus,  one  of  the  princes  of  the  latter 
branch,  after  making  several  important  additions  to  his 
territories,  was  raised  to  the  dignity  of  Elector  of  Hanover 
in  1692,  and  married  the  daughter  of  the  Elector  Palatine, 
grand-daughter  of  James  I.  of  England.  He  was  suc- 
ceeded, in  1698,  by  his  son,  George  Lewis,  who,  in  accord- 
ance with  the  revolutionary  settlement  of  1688,  became 
sovereign  of  England,  under  the  name  of  George  I.,  on  the 
demise  of  Queen  Anne,  in  1714.  The  connection  thus 
formed  with  the  crown  of  England  continued  during  four 
succeeding  reigns.  In  1814  the  Congress  of  Vienna  raised 
Hanover  to  the  rank  of  a  kingdom ;  but  on  the  accession 
of  Queen  Victoria  to  the  crown  of  England  the  Salic  law 
placed  the  Hanoverian  crown  on  the  head  of  the  nearest 
male  heir,  Ernest  Augustus,  Duke  of  Cumberland.  lie  died 
in  November,  1851,  and  was  succeeded  by  his  son,  George 
V.  In  1866  the  Hanoverians  took  the  Austrian  side  in  the 
war  with  Prussia,  in  consequence  of  which  the  Prussians 
dethroned  the  king  and  annexed  the  country  to  Prussia. 
Capital,  Hanover.  Pop.  in  1880,  2,120,168  ;  in  1890,  2,278,- 
361. Adj.  and  inhab.  Hanoverian,  han-o-vee're-an. 

Han'over,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  450  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  by  the  North  Anna  and  Pamunkey  Rivers,  and 
on  the  S. W.  by  the  Chickahominy  River.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  South  Anna  River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Wheat, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  and  tobacco  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Richmond,  Fredericks- 
burg &  Potomac  Railroad  and  the  Che?apeake  <t  Ohio  Rail- 
road, the  latter  communicating  with  Hanover  Court-House, 
the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  16,455;  in  1880, 
18,588;  in  1890,  17,402. 

Hanover,  a  post-office  of  Coosa  co.,  Ala. 

Hanover,  a  village  of  New  Haven  co..  Conn.,  on  the 
Quinepiac  River,  and  on  the  Hartford  &  New  Haven  Rail- 
road, 15  miles  N.  by  E.  of  New  Haven.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  cutlery. 

Hanover,  a  post-village  of  New  London  co..  Conn.,  in 
Sprague  township,  2  miles  from  Baltic  Railroad  Station, 
and  about  9  miles  N.  of  Norwich.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
manufactory  of  flannels  and  tweeds. 

Hanover,  or  Ger'mantown,  a  village  of  Clinton  co., 
111.,  on  Big  Shoal  Creek,  4  miles  S.  of  Breese  Station,  and 
about  26  miles  E.  of  Belleville.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  2  wagon-shops.  Pop.  391.  Here  is  Germantown 
Post-OflSce. 

Hanover,  a  township  of  Cook  co..  III.  Pop.  1098.  It 
contains  Bartlett,  Spaulding,  Hammond,  <to. 

Hanover,  a  post-village  in  Hanover  township,  Jo 
Daviess  co.,  III.,  on  Apple  River,  about  14  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Galena.  It  has  4  cnurches,  a  graded  school,  a  public 
school,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  woollen-factory.  The  town- 
ship is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Mississippi  River.  Pop. 
of  the  village,  743;  of  the  township,  1 666. 

Hanover,  a  post-village  in  Hanover  township,  Jefier- 
son  CO.,  Ind.,  about  6  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Madison,  near  the 
Ohio  River,  which  forms  the  S.E.  boundary  of  the  township. 
Here  is  Hanover  College  (Presbyterian),  which  was  founded 
in  1833.  Hanover  has  a  money-order  post-ofiiee,  4  churches, 
a  tannery,  Ac.     Pop.  564;  of  the  township,  1399. 

Hanover,  a  township  of  Lake  CO.,  Ind.  Pop.  973.  It 
contains  Brunswick  and  Hanover  Centre. 


HAN 


1361 


HAN 


Hanover,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind,  Pop.  1572, 
It  contains  Morristown. 

Hanover,  a  post-township  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa, 
about  12  miles  N.E.  of  Decorah,  is  traversed  by  the  Upper 
Iowa  River.     Pop.  531. 

Hanover,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  .36. 

Hanover,  a  post- village  of  Washington  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Hanover  township,  on  the  Little  Blue  River,  and  on  the  St. 
Joseph  &  Denver  City  Railroad,  127  miles  W.  of  St.  Joseph, 
Mo.,  and  25  miles  S.E.  of  Fairbury,  Neb.  It  has  2  churches, 
%  newspaper  oflBce,  a  money-order  post-office,  and  a  pottery. 
Pop.  in  lo90,  903;  of  the  township,  1767. 

Hanover,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Oxford  co., 
Me.,  on  the  Androscoggin  River,  about  40  miles  N.W.  of 
Lewiston.     It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  <fec.     Pop.  188, 

Hanover,  a  village  or  station  of  Howard  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Washington  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad, 
12  miles  S.W.  of  Baltimore. 

Hanover,  a  post-village  of  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Hanover  township,  on  the  Hanover  Branch  Railroad,  25 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Boston.  It  contains  the  Hanover  Academy, 
and  has  manufactures  of  shoes,  nails,  and  tacks.  The  town- 
ship has  4  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  2093. 

Hanover,  an  incorporated  post-village  in  Hanover 
township,  Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Fort  Wayne,  Jackson 
<fc  Saginaw  Railroad,  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Jackson.  It  is 
surrounded  by  lakes,  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  high  school, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  fruit-evaporator,  a  cooper-shop,  a 
steam  grist-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  363;  of  the  township,  1575. 

Hanover,  a  township  of  Wexford  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  242. 

Hanover,  a  trading-post  of  Mille  Lacs  co.,  Minn.,  about 
40  miles  N.  of  Princeton. 

Hanover,  a  post-office  of  Wright  co.,  Minn. 

Hanover,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co..  Mo.,  in  Joa- 
chim township,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern 
Railroad  (at  Bailey  Station),  32  miles  S.  of  St.  Louis.  It 
has  a  church. 

Hanover,  a  post-village  in  Hanover  township,  Grafton 
CO.,  N.H.,  is  finely  situated  i  mile  E.  of  the  Connecticut 
River,  on  a  plain  about  180  feet  higher  than  the  water,  55 
miles  N.W.  of  Concord,  and  nearly  1  mile  E.  of  Norwich 
Station  on  the  Passumpsic  Railroad.  It  has  2  or  3  churches, 
a  national  bank,  and  a  savings-bank,  and  is  the  seat  of 
Dartmouth  College  (Congregational),  which  was  organized 
in  1770  and  has  about  15  resident  professors,  250  students, 
and  a  library  of  46,000  volumes.  This  college  is  richly 
endowed,  occupies  8  buildings,  and  comprises,  besides  its 
literary  department,  a  medical  school,  and  the  New  Hamp- 
shire College  of  Agriculture  and  Mechanic  Arts,  Pop.  of 
the  township  in  1890,  1877. 

Hanover,  a  station  in  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  New 
Jersey  Southern  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of  Pemberton. 

Hanover,  a  post-village  in  Hanover  township,  Morris 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Passaic  River,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Madison, 
and  6  or  7  miles  E.  of  Morristown.  It  has  a  church,  2  stores, 
and  a  wagon-shop.  Pop.  of  the  township,  3623.  The  town- 
ship is  intersected  by  the  Morris  A  Essex  Railroad,  is 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  Rockaway  River,  and  contains 
Tillages  named  Parcippany  and  Whippany. 

Hanover,  a  township  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Lake 
Erie.  Pop.  4155.  It  contains  Silver  Creek,  Forestville, 
Irving,  and  Smith's  Mills. 

Hanover,  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.    See  Marshall. 

Hanover,  a  township  of  Ashland  co.,  0,  Pop,  1832.  It 
contains  Loudonville. 

Hanover,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  0,  Pop,  1460.  It 
contains  McGonigle's  Station, 

Hanover,  a  station  in  Butler  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cincin- 
nati, Hamilton  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of 
Hamilton. 

Hanover,  or  Han'overton,  a  post-village  of  Colum- 
biana CO.,  0.,  in  Hanover  township,  on  the  Cleveland  <t 
Pittsburg  Railroad,  75  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cleveland,  and  about 
25  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Canton.  It  has  3  churches,  a  union 
school,  and  a  carriage-shop.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is 
Hanoverton,  but  that  of  the  railroad  station  is  Hanover, 
Pop.  481;  of  the  township,  2310. 

Hanover,  a  post-village  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  in  Hanover 
township,  on  the  Licking  River,  near  the  Ohio  Canal,  and 
on  the  Pittsburg  &  Columbus  Railroad,  41  miles  E.  by  N. 
of  Columbus,  and  9  miles  E.  of  Newark.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  322 ;  of  the  township,  1165. 

Hanover,  a  township  of  Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  bounded  W. 
by  the  Ohio  line.  Pop.  1500.  It  contains  Frankfort  Springs 
and  Harshaville,  and  has  beds  of  good  coal. 

Hanover,  a  township  of  Lehigh  co..  Pa.     Pop.  2804. 

Hanover,  a  township  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  contains 


Nanticoke,  Ashley,  and  other  coal-mining  vill.vges.  Pop. 
2035,  exclusive  of  Sugar  Notch.  Hanover  Station  is  on  the 
Nanticoke  Railroad,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Nanticoke. 

Hanover,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Perkiomen  Railroad,  2  miles  S.  of  Pennsburg. 

Hanover,  a  township  of  Northampton  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Lehigh  River,     Pop,  499,     Post-office,  Hanoverville, 

Hanover,  a  township  of  Washington  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
1898.  It  contains  Florence,  Murdocksville,  &c.,  and  is  on 
the  line  of  AVest  Virginia.     It  has  beds  of  coal. 

Hanover,  a  post-borough  of  York  co..  Pa.,  in  Heidel- 
berg township,  on  the  Hanover,  Hanover  Junction  <.t  Get- 
tysburg Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Hanover  &  York 
and  Littlestown  Railroads,  17  miles  E.S.E.  of  Gettysburg, 
24  miles  S.W.  of  York,  and  50  miles  by  railroad  S.  of 
Harrisburg.  It  contains  6  churches,  a  national  bank,  a 
savings-bank,  an  academy,  2  foundries  with  machine-shops, 
and  manufactures  of  carriages,  <fcc.  Four  newspapers  are 
published  here.     Pop.  in  1880,  2317;  in  1890,  3746. 

Hanover,  a  post-village  of  Rock  co.,  AVis.,  in  Plymouth 
township,  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  34  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Madison,  and  7  miles  S.W.  of  Janesville.  It  ia 
also  on  the  Southern  AV'isconsin  Railroad,  which  connects 
Janesville  with  Monroe.  It  has  a  church,  2  hotels,  and 
manufactures  of  cigars,  flour,  and  wagons. 

Han'over,  a  thriving  post-village  in  Grey  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  Saugeen  River,  6  miles  from  Walkerton.  It  has  ex- 
cellent water-power,  and  contains  saw-  and  grist-mills,  a 
woollen-factory,  a  carding-mill,  an  iron-foundry,  4  stores, 
and  a  tannery.     Pop.  700. 

Hanover  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Hanover  township,  7  miles  S.AV.  of  Crown  Point,  It  has 
a  church. 

Hanover  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hanover  township, 
Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  5  miles  N.  of  Lebanon.     It  has  a  church. 

Hanover  Court-House,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Hanover  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  18 
miles  N.  of  Richmond,  and  1  mile  AV.  of  the  Pamunkey 
River.  It  has  a  brick  court-house,  built  in  1735,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  church,  and  an  academy.  Henry  Clay  was 
born  1  mile  from  this  place,  in  April,  1777. 

Han'over  Island,  AV.  of  Patagonia,  in  lat.  51°  S.,  Ion. 
74°  30'  AV.,  is  separated  from  the  mainland  and  Chatham 
Island  by  the  East  Channel. 

Hanover  Junction,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co..  Pa,, 
on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the 
Hanover  &  Gettysburg  Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of  York,  It 
has  2  or  3  churches  near  it.     Iron  ore  is  found  here, 

Hanover  Junction,  A''irginia,    See  Junctio.v, 

Hanoverton,  Columbiana  co.,  0.    See  Hanover. 

Han'overville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northampton  co.. 
Pa.,  in  Hanover  township,  about  5  miles  N,  of  Bethlehem. 

Hanovre,  the  French  name  of  Hanover. 

Hanowa,  a  village  of  Hungary.    See  Hamta. 

Hansbeke,  hS,ns'bi-k§h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hai- 
naut,  on  the  railway  between  Ostend  and  Ghent,  8  miles 
AV.N.W.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  2400. 

Hansdorf  (hins'donf).  Lower  and  Upper,  two  con- 
tiguous villages  of  Prussian  Silesia,  47  miles  by  rail  S.S,A7. 
of  Breslau,     United  pop.  3074. 

Hansdorf,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Hanusfalva. 

Hanse  (h3,nss)  Towns,  called  also  the  Hansa  (han'- 
si)  and  Hanseat'ic  League,  a  celebrated  commercial 
confederacy,  which  derives  its  name  from  the  ancient  Ger- 
man word  Han»e  (h3,n's?h),  signifying  an  "association  for 
mutual  support."  In  the  Middle  Ages,  Hamburg,  Lubeek, 
and  afterwards  Brunswick,  Dantzic,  Cologne,  Bremen,  and 
a  great  number  of  other  towns,  entered  into  an  alliance  in 
order  to  defend  their  commerce  against  the  numerous  ban- 
ditti and  pirates  who  then  infested  Germany  and  the  neigh- 
boring seas.  This  alliance  was  termed  the  Hansoatic  League. 
The  confederated  or  Hanse  Towns  were  each  bound  to  con- 
tribute towards  maintaining  ships  and  soldiers  for  their 
mutual  protection,  not  only  against  pirates  and  robbers,  but 
also  against  the  encroachments,  oppression,  or  rapacity  of 
the  neighboring  nobles  and  kings.  The  number  of  towns 
composing  the  league  fluctuated :  at  one  time  it  is  Siiid  to 
have  amounted  to  85,  among  which  were  Bergen,  in  Nor- 
way, Berlin,  Konigsberg,  and  Cracow.  This  powerful  con- 
federacy formed  the  first  systematic  plan  of  commerce 
known  in  the  Middle  Ages,  The  cities  enjoyed  in  Eng- 
land the  privilege  of  exporting  goods  duty  free,  and  in 
Denmark  of  importing  them  duty  free.  Their  alliance  was 
coveted  and  their  hostility  feared  by  the  greatest  powers. 
Several  kings  were  defeated,  and  one  (Magnus  of  Sweden) 
was  deposed,  by  them.  Lubeek  was  the  place  of  assemblage, 
and  was  regarded  as  the  capital  of  the  league,  and  issued 


HAN  "IS 

th«  summons  for  the  regular  assemblies  of  the  deputies  from 
»II  the  cities,  which  wore  hold  once  in  throe  yetirD,  and  also 
for  the  extraordinary  ossomblios,  generally  huld  onco  in  ton 

JMtrs.  The  0|>och  of  the  dissolution  of  the  confodoriMy  may 
0  stated  at  1630.  However,  Hamburg,  Lubcok,  and  Bre- 
men still  constitute  an  association  of  a  similar  character, 

and  are  called  free  Hansoatio  cities. Adj.  Haxsb  and 

Uamskat'ic,  and  Haxsard. 

Ilnnsect  or  Hansi,  h&n'soo,  a  town  of  the  Hissar  dis- 
trict. India,  89  miles  N.W.  of  Delhi.     Pop.  13,563. 

llaii'sell'tft  a  station  in  Dearborn  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  &  Lafayette  Railroad,  9  miles 
N.W.  of  Lawrcnceburg. 

Ilan'seD)  a  hamlet  of  Ooeana  co.,  Mich.,  10  miles  S.E. 
of  Hart. 

Ilans'ford*  aeounty  of  the  Panhandle  of  Texas,  bounded 
N.  by  Indian  Territory,  and  traversed  by  the  North  Forlc 
of  Canadian  Kiver.    Area,  9U0  square  miles.    P.  (1890)133. 

IlHu'son,  a  prairie  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  S.outh 
Dakota.  Area,  435  souiu-e  liiilcs.  It  is  intorscctcd  by  tiie 
Dakota  River.     Capiiil,  Alexandria.     Pop.  in  1890,  4267. 

HaiisuU)  a  post-hamlet  of  Hopkins  co.,  K.v.,  on  the 
St.  Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  32  miles  S.  of  Hender- 
son.    It  has  2  churches,  tobacco-fiictories,  &o, 

Ilausun,  a  post-village  in  Hanson  township,  Plymouth 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad  (Plymouth  Branch), 
25  miles  S.  by  B.  of  Boston.  It  has  2  churches.  The 
township  contains  a  village  named  South  Hanson,  and  has 
manufactures  of  shoes,  shoe-nails,  and  bcxes.     Pop.  1265. 

Hanson,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Olmsted  co.,  Minn. 

flan'sonvillC)  »,  post-village  of  Yuba  co.,  Cal.,  about 
66  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Sacramento.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
manufactory  of  wine. 

Ilansonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Frederick  co.,  Md., 
about  6  miles  N.  of  Frederick.     It  has  a  tannery. 

HansonviUe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Russell  co.,  Va.,  14 
miles  N.  of  Abingdon.     It  has  a  church. 

Han^soot',  a  town  of  British  India,  district  and  12 
miles  W.S.AV.  of  Baroach/    Pop.  about  4000. 

Ilan-Tching,  a  city  of  Corea.    See  Ki.\g-Ki-Tao. 

Ilan-Tchong,  hln-ch6ng',  an  inland  city  of  China, 

Province  of  Shcn-Seo,  capital  of  the  department,  on  the 
Lin-Kiang  River.     Lat.  32°  56'  N. ;  Ion.  107°  11'  E. 

Hants,  Uamp'shire,  Southanip'ton,  or  South- 
amp'tonshire,  a  county  of  England,  having  S.  the 
English  Channel,  with  its  inlets  of  Spithead,  the  Solent, 
'Ac.  Area,  including  the  Isle  of  Wight,  1613  square  miles. 
The  ranges  of  the  North  and  South  Downs  traverse  the 
county.  In  the  S.  are  the  extensive  bays  of  Southampton- 
water,  and  the  harbors  of  Portsmouth  and  Langston,  with 
the  islets  of  Portsea  and  Hayling.  In  the  N.,  N.E.,  and 
S.W.  are  extensive  heaths.  South  Hants  is  particularly 
noted  for  rural  and  maritime  beauty.  Principal  rivers,  the 
Anton,  Itchen,  Avon,  and  Stour.  The  manufactures,  except 
those  connected  witii  the  dock-yards  and  shipping  estab- 
lishments at  Portsmouth,  are  of  little  importance.  The 
Basingstoke  Canal  is  in  the  N.E.,  and  the  county  is  inter- 
sected by  the  London  &  Southwestern  Railway  and  by  the 
South  Coast  Railway,  terminating  at  Portsmouth.  Hamp- 
shire is  subdivided  into  48  hundreds ;  besides  which,  it 
contains  the  towns  of  Southampton,  Portsmouth,  Christ- 
;church,  Lymington,  Petersfield,  Gosport,  Alresford,  Alton, 
Basingstoke,  Fordingbridge,  Romsey,  and  Ringwood.  It 
Bends  five  members  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Winchester 
is  the  capital.     Pop.  in  1881,  593,470;  in  1891,  690,086. 

Hants,  a  county  of  Nova  Scotia,  bordering  on  Minas 
and  Cobequid  Bays.  Area,  1175  square  miles.  The  sur- 
face is  much  diversified  with  mountains  and  valleys.  The 
underlying  rock  is  the  Permian  sandstone  of  the  coal- 
measures,  and  whole  hills  are  filled  with  gypsum.  Capital, 
Windsor.     Pop.  21,301. 

Hants  Har'bor,  a  post-town  and  port  of  entry  in  the 
district  of  Trinity,  Newfoundland,  12  miles  from  Heart's 
Content.     Pop.  730. 

Hants'port,  a  post- village  in  Hants  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on 
the  Avon  River,  7  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Windsor.  It  contains 
several  factories  and  ship-yards,  carding-  and  grist-mills, 
excellent  freestone-quarries,  and  8  or  9  stores.     Pop.  700. 

Hanusfalva,  hCh'noos'fSl'vSh',  or  Hansdorf, 
hlnts'donf,  a  town  of  Hungary,  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Epe- 
ries.     Pop.  1200. 

Hanvec,  hJic^vfik',  a  village  of  France,  in  FinistSre, 
18  miles  E.S.E.  of  Brest.     Pop.  240. 

Han'weH,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Middlesex, 
having  a  station  on  the  Great  Western  Railway,  7  miles  W. 
of  Paddington  (London).  Near  it  is  the  county  lunatic 
asylum,  a  very  handsome  bnilding,  very  extensive  and  well 


2  IIAR 

conducted.     Here  are  also  a  noble  railway  viaduct,  and  aa 
artesian  well,  depth  290  foct,  temperature  55°  Fahr. 

Han-Yang,  or  Han-Yang-Foo,  h&n-y&ng-foo',  a 
city  of  China,  province  of  lloo-Pe,  capital  of  a  department, 
at  the  junction  of  the  Han-Kiang  and  Yang-tso-Kiang 
Rivers,  and  adjacent  to  Han-Kooo.  Lat.  30°  'i-k'  N.;  Ion 
113°  45'  E. 

Han-Yang-Foo,  Corea.    See  King-Ki-Tao. 

Hanzdorf,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Hanusfalva. 

Ilaooran,  Haouran,  or  Hauran,  hi-oo-r&n'  or 
hSwV&n',  a  district  or  sanjak  of  Syria,  S.  of  Damascus,  G. 
of  the  Jordan  and  Mount  Gilead,  stretching  thence  to  the 
Syrian  desert,  and  inhabited  mostly  by  a  shifting  popula- 
tion;  but  of  late  its  good  soil  and  climate  Lave  attracted 
permanent  inhabitants.     It  is  in  part  mountainous. 

Haousa,  or  Haoussah.    See  Houssa. 

Hapai,  hi'pr,  Hapec,  Hapaee,  h&^pce',  or  Gal- 
vez,  g&l'v6z,  an  island  group  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  in  the 
Tonga  Archipelago,  consisting  of  four  larger  and  numerous 
smaller  islands,  connected  by  coral  reefs.  Lat.  20°  3'  S. ; 
Ion.  174°  41'  W. 

Haparanda,  h&-p&-r&n'd&,  formerly  Charles- 
Johns  Town,  a  town  of  Sweden,  lasn  of  PiteA,  on  the  N. 
shore  of  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia,  at  the  W.  side  of  the  river, 
and  opposite  the  town  of  TornciV.     Pop.  786. 

HapeviMe,  hap'vll,  a  post-village  of  Fulton  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  Macon  &  Western  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Atlanta. 
It  has  a  church,  a  high  school,  and  manufactures  of  lumber, 
wagons,  &o. 

Hapoor,  Haupur,  or  Hapnr,  haw'poor',  a  town  ol 
India,  district  and  20  miles  S.  of  Moorut.     Pop.  14,294. 

Happisburgh,  hap'pis-burVilh,  or  Hais'borough, 
a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Norfolk,  on  the  North  Sea,  6J 
miles  E.  of  North  Walsham.  There  are  two  light-houses, 
1  mile  S.E.  of  the  village,  in  lat.  52°  49'  N.,  Ion.  1°  32'  E., 
with  a  fixed  red  light.     Pop.  of  parish,  546. 

Hap'py  Camp,  a  post-village  of  Del  Norte  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Klamath  River,  about  56  miles  E.  of  Crescent  City. 
Gold  is  found  here.     Pop.  of  Happy  Camp  township,  382. 

Happy  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Manassas  division  of  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  2} 
miles  from  Front  Royal. 

Happy  Hol'low,  a  mining  post-village  of  Rock  Island 
CO.,  111.,  in  Hampton  township,  2i  miles  from  Hampton.  It 
has  6  coal-shafts. 

Happy  HollOAV,  a  post-village  of  Wapello  co.,  Iowa, 
in  Cass  township,  1  mile  from  the  Dos  Moines  River,  and 
about  10  miles  N.W.  of  Ottumwa.  Coal-mining  is  the 
principal  business  here.     Pop.  about  300. 

Happy  Home,  a  post-office  of  Burke  co.,  N.C.,  at 
Icard  Station  on  the  Western  North  Carolina  Railroad,  45 
miles  W.  of  Statesville.     Here  is  Rutherford  College. 

Happy  Jack,  a  post-hamlet  of  Plaquemines  parish, 
La.,  in  the  Ronquillo  Settlement,  on  the  Mississippi,  5.S 
miles  S.E.  of  New  Orleans. 

Happy  Land,  a  post-office  of  Chambers  co.,  Ala. 

Happy  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co..  Mo. 

Happy  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Carter  co.,  Tenn. 

Hap'pyville,  a  station  in  Greene  co.,  III.,  on  the  Chi- 
cago &  Alton  Kailroad,  39  miles  E.  of  Louisiana,  Mo. 

Hapsal,  Hapzal,  hip'sill,  Habsal,  h&b'sAI,  or 
Gapsal,  gip'sd,l,  a  seaport  town  of  Russia,  in  Esthonia, 
58  miles  S.W.  of  Revel.     Pop.  2203. 

Hapsburg,  a  village  of  Switzerland.    See  Habsbuho. 

Hapur,  a  town  of  India.     Sec  IlAPOOn. 

Hara,  hi'ri,  or  Kara,  a  lake  in  the  Chinese  Empire, 
in  the  Desert  of  Gobi,  50  miles  S.  of  a  lake  called  L'bp  Nor. 
Lat.  30°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  93°  E. 

Hara,  or  Kara,  a  town  of  the  Chinese  Empire,  in 
Mongolia,  near  the  Great  Wall,  200  miles  W.  of  Peking. 

Harafoora.    See  Alfooras. 

Harakah,  hiVA'kS,  (anc.  Lihyaga?),  a  picturesque 
town  of  Asia  Minor,  20  miles  W.  of  Ismeed,  on  the  N. 
shore  of  its  gulf,  with  remains  of  antiquity. 

Har'alson,  a  northwestern  county  of  Georgia,  border- 
ing on  Alabama.  Area,  269  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Tallapoosa  River.  The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia.  Indian  corn,  cotton, 
nnd  grass  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Buchanan. 
Pop.  in  1870,  4004;  in  18S0,  5974;  in  1890,  11,316. 

Haralson,  a  post-village  of  Coweta  co.,  Ga.,  6  miles 
S.E.  of  Senoia  Railroad  Station.     It  has  3  churches. 

Haramiik,  hiV4-nmk',  or  Har^mok',  a  mountain 
of  Central  Asia,  in  the  Himalayas.  Lat.  34°  26'  N.;  Ion. 
74°  43'  E.     Elevation,  13,000  feet. 

Harapa,  h^'r^'pa,  a  village  of  the  Punjab,  on  the  E. 


HAH 


ilM3 


II AR 


bank  of  the  Ravee  (anc.  Hydraotes),  105  miles  S.W.  of  La- 
hore, with  extensive  ruins. 

Ilarar,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Hurrur. 

Ilar'ay,  two  islets  of  Scotland,  off  the  E.  coast  of  Shet- 
land mainland. 

Ilar'beson,  a  post-office  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  and  a 
station  on  the  Junction  &  Breakwater  Railroad,  9  miles 
from  Lewes. 

Ilarbine,  Greene  co.,  Ohio.    See  Alpha. 

Har'bison,  a  township  of  Dubois  co.,  Ind.,  bounded 
N.  by  the  East  Fork  of  White  River.     Pop.  1590. 

Ilar'bledowii,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  1  mile 
W.  of  Canterbury.  Here  is  an  old  hospital,  founded  for 
lepers,  by  Lanfranc,  now  used  as  an  almshouse,  attached  to 
which  is  the  ancient  church  of  St.  Nicholas.     Pop.  685. 

Har'bolt'Sj  a  station  on  the  llarrisburg  &  Potomac 
Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of  llarrisburg,  Pa. 

Harboniiiercs,  haR^bon^ne-aiR',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Somrac,  17  miles  N.N.E.  of  Montdidier.     Pop.  1997. 

Har'bor,  a  post- village  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Ashtabula,  Youngstown  &,  Pittsburg  Railroad,  and  on  Lake 
Erie,  3  miles  N.  of  Ashtabula.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  with 
14  feet  of  water,  and  is  an  important  shipping-point  for 
coal  and  iron  ore. 

Harbor  au  Bouche,  o  boosh,  a  post-village  in  An- 
tigonish  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  St.  George's  Bay,  30  miles  N.  of 
Antigonish.  Pop.,  chiefly  engaged  in  the  fisheries,  about  700. 

Harbor  Bridge,  a  station  in  Lawrence  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Erie  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  4  miles  N.W.  of  New 
Castle. 

Har'bor  Brit'on,  a  post-town  and  port  of  entry,  cap- 
ital of  Fortune  Bay,  Newfoundland,  240  miles  W.  of  St. 
John's.     Pop.  360. 

Harbor  Buffet,  a  fishing  village  of  Newfoundland, 
on  Long  Island,  in  Placentia  Bay,  16  miles  from  Little 
Placentia.     Pop.  333. 

Harbor  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Erie  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Harbor  Creek  township,  on  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  8 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Erie,  and  2  miles  from  Lake  Erie.  It  has 
a  cheese-factory,  a  woollen-mill,  and  several  churches.  The 
township  has  6  churches  and  a  pop.  of  1974. 

Harbor  Grace  (Fr.  pron.  han'bon'  griss),  a  port  of 
entry,  and,  after  St.  John's,  the  most  important  town  of 
Newfoundland,  the  capital  of  the  district  of  Harbor  Grace, 
is  situated  on  the  W.  side  of  Conception  Bay,  20  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  Portugal  Cove.  It  has  a  pretty  appearance  from 
the  sea,  and  contains  a  Roman  Catholic  cathedral,  the  dome 
of  which  forms  a  prominent  object  in  entering  the  port,  a 
prison,  a  convent,  and  a  court-house.  The  harbor  is  about  5 
miles  in  extent,  but  much  exposed  to  the  sea.  The  wharves 
are  sheltered  by  a  beach,  on  which  is  a  light-house  exhibit- 
ing a  powerful  revolving  light.  Harbor  Grace  is  a  town  of 
oonsiderable  trade,  nearly  one-fourth  of  the  business  of  the 
whole  island  being  done  here.  It  contains  a  number  of 
Stores,  several  hotels,  and  a  printing-office  issuing  a  weekly 
newspaper.     It  is  the  see  of  a  Catholic  bishop.     Pop.  6770. 

Harbor  Island,  one  of  the  Bahama  Islands,  just  N.E. 
of  Eleuthera,  with  the  port  of  Dunmore  Town.     Pop.  2500. 

Harbor  le  Cow,  a  hamlet  in  the  district  of  Burgeo 
and  La  Poile,  Newfoundland,  IJ  miles  from  Rose  Blanche. 

Harbor  Main,  a  village,  the  capital  of  the  district  of 
Harbor  Main,  Newfoundland,  is  situated  at  the  head  of 
Conception  Bay.     It  is  a  fishing  settlement.     Pop.  670. 

Harbor  Springs,  a  post-town  and  summer  resort, 
capital  of  Emmet  co.,  Mich.,  on  Little  Traverse  Bay,  8 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Petoskey.  It  has  4  churches,  2  news- 
papers, public  schools,  lumber-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  1052. 

Ilar'borville,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
on  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  10  miles  N.  of  Berwick.  It  exports 
cordwood  and  potatoes,  and  contains  4  stores  and  several 
shin-yards.     Pop.  250. 

llar'bourton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Hopewell  township,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Titusville  Station, 
which  is  11  miles  N.W.  of  Trenton.     It  has  a  church. 

Harburg,  haR'booRG,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Wer- 
nitz,  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Augsburg.     Pop.  1270. 

Harburg,  or  Haarburg,  ha,u'boouG,  a  town  of  Ger- 
many, in  Hanover,  23  miles  N.W.  of  Liineburg,  on  the  S. 
branch  of  the  Elbe,  at  a  railway  junction,  6  miles  S.  of 
Hamburg.  Pop.  17,131.  It  has  a  citadel,  gunpowder-  and 
bone-mills,  sugar-refineries,  tanneries,  manufactures  of 
woollens,  linens,  hosiery,  and  sail-cloth,  extensive  wharves, 
and  an  active  trade  by  sea. 

Ilarbutowitz,  haR'boo-to^^its,  a  village  of  Austrian 
Silesia,  circle  of  Teschen,  on  the  Vistula.     Pop.  365. 

Harchies,  han^shee'  or  hauk'ySs,  a  village  of  Belgium, 
in  llainaut,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Mons. 


Harconrt,  han^kooR',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Eure,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Bernay.     Pop.  1068. 

Harconrt- Thury,  han^kooR'-tU'ree',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Calvados,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Falaise.    Pop.  1310. 

Harda,  a  town  of  India.     See  Hurbah. 

Hardanger-Fiord,  haR'ding^^r-fe-ond',  an  inlet  on 
the  W.  coast  of  Norway,  33  miles  S.E.  of  Bergen.  It  is 
approached  through  channels  between  numerous  islands, 
extends  from  S.W.  to  N.E.  about  37  miles,  and  then  from 
N.  to  S.  about  34  miles. 

Hardanger-Fjeld,  haR'd8,ng'§r-fe-6ld,  a  mountain- 
ridge  of  Norway,  about  lat.  60°  10'  N.,  uniting  N.  with 
the  Lang-Field,  and  S.  with  the  Dovrefield. 

Hard'away,  a  hamlet  of  Dougherty  co,,  Ga.,  on  the 
Atlantic  &  Gulf  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Albany.  It  has  a 
saw-mill. 

Har'deeville,  a  post-village  of  Beaufort  co.,  S.C.,  on 
the  Savannah  &  Charleston  Railroad,  20  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Savannah.     It  has  5  churches  and  4  turpentine-distilleries. 

Hardegsen,  haR'd6g-s§n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Han- 
over, 10  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Gottingen.  Pop.  1056.  It  has 
manufactures  of  linens  and  leather. 

Har'deman,  a  county  of  West  Tennessee,  bordering 
on  Mississippi,  has  an  area  of  about  760  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Big  Hatchee  River.  The  surface  is 
undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests. 
According  to  the  census,  it  had,  in  1870,  335,859  acres  of 
woodland,  and  more  than  any  other  county  in  the  state. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  pork,  and  lumber 
are  the  staple  products.  Sandstone  is  found  here.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Memphis  &  Charleston  Rail- 
road and  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  <fc  Chicago  Railroad. 
Capital,  Bolivar.  Pop.  in  1870,18,074;  in  1880,22,921,- 
in  1890,  21,029. 

Hardeman,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Texas,  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Pease  River.  Area,  1180  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Fort  Worth  <fc  Denver  City  Rail- 
way, which,  running  through  the  county  in  a  noitheasterly 
direction,  passes  through  Quanah,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1880,  50  ;  in  1890,  3904. 

Hardeman,  a  post-office  of  Matagorda  co.,  Tex. 

Harden,  a  town  of  AValcs.    See  Hawarden. 

Hardenberg,  han'd^n-bSiiG^  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, Overyssel,  on  the  Vecht,  23  miles  E.N.E.  of  Zwolle. 

Hardenburg,  Jennings  co.,  Ind.    See  Hayden. 

Hartlenburg,  a  township  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.    P.  671. 

Har'den's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Charles  City  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  James  River,  20  miles  below  Richmond. 

Har'dentown,  a  station  in  Dearborn  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Cincinnati,  Indianapolis  &  Lafayette  Railroad,  2  miles  N.E. 
of  Lawrenceburg. 

Hardenvick,  haR'd§r-^ik\  Harderwyk,  or  Har- 
derwijk,  haR'd^r-'^ik^  a  seaport  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  Gelderland,  on  the  Zuyder  Zee,  31  miles  E.  of 
Amsterdam.  Pop.  6445.  It  has  a  gymnasium,  an  exten- 
sive establishment  for  curing  herrings,  and  a  depot  for 
recruits.     It  was  formerly  a  Hanseatic  town. 

Hardheim,  haRt'hime,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Baden, 
44  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mannheim.     Pop.  2280. 

Hardi,  har'dee,  a  town  of  India,  Boglipoor  district. 
Pop.  4039. 

Ilar'din,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an 
area  of  about  175  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
and  S.  by  the  Ohio  River.  The  surface  is  broken  with 
ridges  and  deep  gorges  or  ravines.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products. 
Among  the  minerals  of  this  county  are  coal,  iron,  lead,  and 
carboniferous  limestone  of  the  Keokuk  group.  Capital,  Eliza- 
bethtown.    Pop.  in  1870,  51 13  ;  in  1880,  6024  ;  in  1890,  7234. 

Hardin,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Iowa,  has 
an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Iowa 
River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Tipton  Creek.  The  surface 
is  undulating,  and  diversified  with  prairies  and  groves. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by 
the  Chicago,  Iowa  &  Dakota  Railway,  the  Chicago  <fc  North- 
western Railroad,  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern 
Railroad,  the  Iowa  Central  Railroad,  and  the  Illinois  Cen- 
tral Railroad.  Capital,  Eldora.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,684;  in 
1880,  17,807;  in  1890,  19,003. 

Hardin, a  county  of  Kentucky,  bordering  on  Ohio,  has 
an  area  of  about  580  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.  by  the  Ohio  River,  on  the  N.E.  by  Salt  River,  and  is 
partly  drained  by  Nolin  Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  un- 
dulating, and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.    This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Louisville  St 


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Nashville  Railrond  nnd  the  Newport  News  A  Misaisfippi 
Vnlley  Railroad,  both  of  which  communicate  with  Eliza- 
bethtown,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  lb,70i}  in  1880, 
22^564;  in  1890,  21,304. 

Hardin^  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  Ohio. 
Area,  425  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Scioto 
River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the  Ulanchard  Fork  of  the 
Auglaiie  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level, 
and  a  largo  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests;  the  soil  is 
fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  oats,  and  pork  aro  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Cleve- 
land, Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  the  Erie 
Railroad,  the  Toledo,  Columbus  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  and 
the  Pittsburg,  Fort  AVayne  A  Chicago  Railroad.  Capital, 
Kenton.  Pop.  in  1S70,  18,714;  in  1880,  27,023;  in  1890, 
28,939. 

Hardin,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Tennessee,  borders 
on  Alabama.  Area,  about  560  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Tennessee  River,  which  forms  part  of  the 
northern  boundary  and  is  here  navigable  by  steamboat)'. 
The  surface  presents  no  great  inequalities,  and  is  e.xtcnsively 
covered  with  forests.  This  county  hiia  abundance  of  lime- 
stone and  sandstone  or  freestone.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cot- 
ton, Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital, 
Savannah.  Pop.  in  1870, 11,768;  in  1880,  14,793;  in  1890, 
17,698. 

Hardin,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area 
of  about  940  square  miles.  It  is  Dounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Neches  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Pine  Island  Creek. 
The  surface  is  partly  covered  with  forests.  Cotton,  Indian 
corn,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  The  Southern 
Pacific  Railroad  traverses  the  county,  passing  through 
Kountze,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  1460:  in  1880,  1870: 
in  1890,  3956. 

Hardin,  a  post-village,  capitol  of  Calhoun  co..  III.,  is 
on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Illinois  River,  in  Hardin  township, 
about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Alton.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded 
School,  and  2  newspaper  offices.  Pop.  in  1890,  3U. 
-.  Hardin,  a  township  of  Pike  co..  111.  Pop.  1051. 
"^  Hardin,  a  post-village  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  3  miles 
from  Luana  Railroad  Station,  and  about  64  miles  N.W.  of 
Dubuque.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hardin,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  601. 

Hardin,  a  township  of  Hardin  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  2717. 

Hardin,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  719. 

Hardin,  a  township  of  Pottawattamie  co.,  Iowa.   P.  722. 

Hardin,  a  township  of  Webster  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  370. 

Hardin,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1296. 

Hardin ,  a  post-village  of  Ray  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis, 
Kansas  City  &  Northern  Railroad,  47  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
Kansas  City,  and  1  mile  N.  of  the  Missouri  River.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  box-factory. 
Pop.  65fi. 

Hardin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  0.,  1  mile  from 
Hardin  Station  on  the  Cleveland,  Columbus,  Cincinnati  A 
Indianapolis  Railroad,  and  5  miles  W.  of  Sidney.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  87. 

Hardin,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hardin  co.,  Tex., 
about  80  miles  N.N.E.  of  Galveston.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  lumber-mill. 

Hardin  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hardin  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Iowa  River,  about  32  miles  N.N.W.  of  Marshalltown. 
It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  store. 

Har'ding,  a  station  in  Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  on  a  branch 
of  the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Glassborough. 

Harding,  a  post-office  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  2^  miles 
from  West  Pittston. 

Hardinghem,  haRMfLN<>^g&N«',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Pas-de-Calais,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Boulogne.     Pop.  1239. 

Har'ding's,  a  station  on  the  railroad  from  Nashville, 
Tenn.,  to  Hickman,  Ky.,  6  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Nashville. 

Har'dingvilie,  a  hamlet  of  Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Clayton  township,  li  miles  from  Harding.     It  has  a  church. 

ilar'dinsburg,  a  post- village  of  Washington  co.,  Ind., 
in  Posey  township,  about  30  miles  W.N.W.  of  New  Albany. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  199. 

Hardinsburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Brcckenridge 
00.,  Ky.,  is  about  56  miles  S.W.  of  Louisville,  and  10  miles 
E.  of  Cloverport,  which  is  on  the  Ohio  River.  It  has  5 
churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  681. 

Har'din  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Hardin  co.,  Ky., 
8  miles  W.  of  Big  Clifty  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church, 
a  mineral  spring,  a  hotel,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Har'dinsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co..  111., 
about  25  miles  N.W.  of  Vincennes,  Ind.     It  has  a  church. 

Hardinsville,  a  hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Ky.,  9  miles 
8.AV.  of  Frankfort. 


HardinxTCid,  hanMinx-vfilt',  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  South  Holland,  on  the  Meuse  (Mooi^,  4  miles  W. 
of  rtorkum.     Pop.  4141. 

Har'dison's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Maury  oo., 
Tenn.,  on  Duck  River,  12  miles  E.  of  Columbia.  It  bos  a 
grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Hard  Labor  Crcelt,  of  South  Carolina,  is  an  allluont 
or  branch  of  Stevens  Creek,  in  Edgefield  co. 

Hard'man'a,  a  stAtion  on  the  main  line  of  the  Balti. 
more  A  Ohio  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of  Grafton,  W.  Va. 

Hardt,  hant,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  government 
of  Dusseldorf,  circle  of  tiladbach.     Pop.  2408. 

Hard  Times  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Tensas  par- 
ish, La. 

Ilardui,  a  town  of  India.    See  Hurdoek. 

Hard'ware,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albemarle  oo.,  Va.,  on 
the  South  Branch  of^  Hardware  River,  3  miles  S.  of  North 
Garden  Station. 

Hardware  River,  Virginia,  rises  in  Albemarle  co., 
runs  S.E.,  and  enters  the  James  River  in  Fluvanna  oo. 

Hard'wick,  a  post-village  in  Ilardwick  township, 
Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  2i  miles  from  the  Ware  River  Rail- 
road, about  30  miles  N.E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  3  churches. 
The  township  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Ware  River, 
contains  a  village  named  Gilbertville,  and  has  manufactures 
of  flannel,  blankets,  paper,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1992. 

Hardwick,  a  post-township  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  about 
15  miles  N.E.  of  Belvidere.     Pop.  638. 

Ilardwick,  a  post-village  in  Hardwick  township,  Cal 
e<k)nia  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Lamoille  River,  and  on  the  Portland 
A  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  17  milos  E.S.E.  of  Hyde  Park,  and 
about  22  miles  N.N.E.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  4  churches, 
an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  lumber 
and  marble.  The  township  contains  also  East  Hardwick, 
and  has  granite-quarries.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1547. 

Hardwicke  (hard'wik)  Bay,  South  Australia,  is  an 
inlet  of  Spencer  Gulf. 

Hardwicke  Island,  British  Columbia,  is  in  Queen 
Charlotte  Sound. 

Hardwicke  (orNundawas,  nfin-daw'w^s)  Moun« 
tains.  East  Australia,  are  in  lat.  30°  S.  and  Ion.  160°  E. 
They  are  of  granitic  formation. 

liar'dy,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  West  Virginia, 
borders  on  Virginia.  Area,  about  400  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  South  Branch  of  the  Potomac  River, 
and  also  drained  by  the  Cacapon  River,  which  rises  in  it. 
The  surface  is  mountainous  and  extensively  covered  with 
forests.  The  Branch  and  Short  Branch  Mountains  traverse 
the  centre  of  the  county.  A  ridge  called  the  Great  North 
Mountain  extends  along  the  E.  border  of  the  county.  Th« 
soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile,  and  produces  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
and  grass.  Iron  ore  is  found  in  it.  Capital,  Moorefield. 
Pop.  in  1870,  5518;  in  1880,  6794;  in  1890,  7507. 

Hardy,  a  post-village  of  Nuckolls  co..  Neb.,  8  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Superior,  and  15  miles  (direct)  S.E.  of  Nelson. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     P.  343, 

Har'dy  Islands,  British  India,  off  the  coast  of  Ara 
can,  E.  of  Chcduba.  in  lat.  18°  35'  N.,  Ion.  94°  E. 

Har'dy's  Ford,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Va. 

Ilar'dy's  Islands,  a  group  of  small  islets  off  the 
N.E.  coast  of  Australia,  between  Temple  Bay  and  Shel- 
burne  Bay,  in  lat.  11°  54'  42"  S.,  Ion.  143°  30'  45"  E. 

Hardy's  Islands,  a  group  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean, 
S.S.E.  of  New  Ireland,  in  lat.  4°  30'  S.,  Ion.  154°  15'  E. 

Hardy  Station,  a  post-hamlct  of  Grenada  co..  Miss., 
on  the  Mississippi  A  Tennessee  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of 
Grenada. 

Har'dy ston,  a  township  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.  Pop. 
1668.  It  contains  Hamburg,  Franklin  Furnace,  Stock- 
holm, Ac. 

Hardystonville,har'diz-ton-vll,  or  Up'per  llam'- 
burg,  a  village  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  in  Hardyston  town- 
ship, on  the  New  Jersey  Midland  Railroad,  1  mile  S.  of 
Hamburg.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  lime-kiln. 

Har'dyville,  a  post-village  of  Mohave  co.,  Arizona, 
on  the  Colorado  River,  at  the  head  of  ordinary  steiim  navi- 
g.ation,  180  miles  W.N.W.  of  Prescott.  It  has  a  number 
of  stores  and  a  ferry,  and  is  chiefly  supported  by  trade  with 
the  miners. 

Hardyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hart  oo.,  Ky.,  9  miles 
E.  of  Rowletts  Depot.     Pop.  68. 

Hareid,  h&'rid,  or  Hareidland,  hl'rid-lint\  an 
island  of  Norway,  stift  of  Trondhjem,  in  the  Atlantic 
Lat.  62°  22'  N.     Length,  11  miles;  breadth,  8  miles. 

Hare  Island,  Bay  of  Fundy.    See  Haute-Ile. 

Hare  Island,  an  island  of  Quebec,  in  the  St.  Law- 
rence, 96  miles  N.E.  of  Quebec.     Length,  8  miles. 


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Harelbeke,  Belgium.    See  Haerlebeke. 

Haren,  hi'r^n,  a  parish  and  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
province  and  3i  miles  S.  of  Groningen.     Pop.  3547. 

Hare's  Corner,  a  post-ofRce  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del. 

Have's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Johnston  co.,  N.C. 

Hare'wood,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West 
Hilling,  on  the  Wharfe.  7  miles   N.N.E.  of  Leeds. 

Harfleur,  haR'fluR'  (L.  Uarjle' vium  or  Harflor'icum), 
a  seaport  town  of  France,  in  Seine-Inferieure,  on  the  Le- 
zarde,  1  mile  from  its  mouth  in  the  Seine,  3  miles  by  rail 
E.N.E.  of  Havre,  and  105  miles  N.W.of  Paris.    Pop.  190S. 

Har'ford,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Maryland,  bor- 
dering on  Pennsylvania,  has  an  area  of  about  450  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Susquehanna 
River,  and  on  the  S.B.  by  Chesapeake  Bay.  It  is  partly 
drained  by  Deer  Creek.  The  surface  is  moderately  uneven. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  »ats,  hay,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  plenty  of 
timber,  and  quarries  of  granite  and  limestone.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Baltimore  &  Lehigh  Railroad,  the  Baltimore 
A  Ohio  Railroad,  and  the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  & 
Baltimore  Railroad.  Capital,  Belair.  Pop.  in  1870,  22,605; 
in  1881),  28,042;  in  1890,  28,993. 

Harford,  a  post- village  of  Cortland  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Har- 
ford township,  and  on  tho  Southern  Central  Railroad,  25 
miles  N.  of  Owego,  and  ab.ut  18  miles  E.  of  Ithaca.  It 
Las  an  academy,  2  churches,  and  2  grist-mills.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1038. 

Harford,  a  post-village  of  Susquehanna  co..  Pa.,  in 
Harford  township,  6  miles  E.S.E.  of  Montrose  Depot,  and 
about  30  miles  N.  of  Scranton.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tan- 
nery, a  carriage-shop,  and  a  soldiers'  orphan  school.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1595. 

Harford  Furnace,  a  post-village  of  Harford  co.,  Md., 
27  miles  N.E.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  an  iron-furnace. 

Harford  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cortland  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Harford  township,  on  the  Southern  Central  Railroad,  2 
miles  S.  of  Harford.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Harg,  haRg,  a  village  of  Sweden,  GO  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Stdckholm,  on  a  lake  of  the  same  name,  near  the  W.  side 
of  the  entrance  to  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia. 

Hargrave,  Quebec.    See  Brvson. 

Ilarihar,  a  town  of  India.    See  HuRRYnnR. 

Ilari  liCygen,  a  village  of  Hungary.    See  Rigyicza. 

Har'ing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wexford  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad,  at  Linden  Station,  3 
miles  N.  of  Cadillac.     It  has  a  large  lumber-mill. 

Haringhata,  a  river  of  Bengal.     See  Baleswar. 

Haringhe,  hi'ring-H^h  or  hi'rS,N<>',  or  Haeringhe, 
hi'ring-H^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flanders,  on 
the  Yscr,  34  miles  S.W.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  2100. 

Haringvliet,  h3,'ring-fleet\  a  mouth  of  the  Rhine  and 
of  the  Meuse,  in  South  Holland,  continuous  with  Hollands- 
Diep.     Breadth,  2i  miles. 

HarUpoor',  a  small  town  of  Punjab,  near  the  Rem- 
bcara,  in  lat.  33°  37'  N.,  Ion.  74°  37'  E. 

Haripoor,  a  fort  and  small  town  of  Punjab,  among  the 
Lower  Himalayas,  in  lat.  31°  54'  N.,  Ion.  75°  53'  E. 

Haripoor,  a  town  of  Punjab,  on  the  Dor,  about  10 
miles  from  its  junction  with  the  Indus,  in  lat.  34°  4'  N., 
Ion.  72°  53'  E. 

Haripnr,  a  town  of  India.     See  Hurreepoor. 

Hari-Rud,  a  river  of  Asia.     See  IlEnRi-RooD. 

Har'ker's  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Peoria  co..  111. 

Hark'ness,  a  station  in  Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Au  Sable  Branch  of  the  New  Y^ork  <4;  Canada  Railroad,  14 
miles  S.W.  of  Plattsburg. 

Har'lan,  a  southeastern  county  of  Kentucky,  borders 
on  Virginia.  Area,  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  S.E.  by  the  Cumberland  Mountains,  and  is  drained 
by  the  Cumberland  River,  which  rises  in  this  county,  and 
by  the  Clover  Fork  of  that  river.  The  surface  is  diversified 
with  hills,  valleys,  and  forests.  Indian  corn,  grass,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  Coal  and  iron  ore  are  found 
here.  Capital,  Harlan.  Pop.  in  1870,  4415;  in  1880, 
5278;  in  1890,  6197. 

Harlan,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Nebraska,  border- 
ing on  Kans.as.  Area,  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Republican  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and 
nearly  destitute  of  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Capital, 
Alma.     Pop.  in  1876,  2140;  in  1880,  60S6;  in  1890,  8158. 

Harlan,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Ala. 

Harlan,  or  Mays'ville,  a  post-village  of  Allen  co., 
Ind.,  14  or  15  miles  N.E.  of  i'ort  Wayne.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  public  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  2  planing-mills. 
Pop.  about  400. 

Harlan,  a  township  of  Page  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  936. 


Harlan,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Shelby  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Harlan  township,  on  the  West  Nishnabatona  River,  and  on 
the  Harlan  Branch  Railroad,  15  miles  N.  of  Avoca.  It  has 
7  churches,  2  banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  graded  school, 
a  high  school,  a  harrow-factory,  <tc.     Pop.  in  1890,  1765. 

Harlan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smith  co.,  Kansas,  in  Houston 
township,  on  the  Central  Branch  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  iJt5 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Beloit.     It  has  a  church. 

Harlan,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Harlan  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Cumberland  River,  100  miles  in  a  direct  line  S.E.  of 
Lexington. 

Harlan,  a  post-office  of  Clinton  co.,  0. 

Harlan,  a  township  of  Warren  co,,  0.  Pop.  2396.  II 
contains  Butlerville  and  Pleasant  Plain. 

Har'lansburg,  a  post- village  of  Lawrence  co..  Pa.,  in 
Scott  township,  on  Slippery  Rock  Creek,  9  miles  E.  of  New 
Castle.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  chair-factory, 
and  manufactures  of  wagons  and  furniture. 

Har'laM^,  a  locality  in  Scotland,  co.  of  Aberdeen, 
memorable  for  a  great  battle  fought  between  tho  High- 
landers under  the  Lord  of  the  Isles,  and  the  forces  under 
the  Earl  of  Mar,  in  1411. 

Harlebeke,  a  town  of  Belgium.    See  Haerlebeke. 

Harlech,  haR'l^K,  a  decayed  town  of  Wales,  co.  of 
Merioneth,  on  the  Irish  Sea,  6  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Tre- 
madoc. 

Har'leeville,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  S.C.   P.  1314. 

Harlem,  a  city  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Haarlem. 

Har'lem,  a  post- village  of  Columbia  co.,  Ga.,  on  tho 
Georgia  Railroad,  24  miles  W,  of  Augusta.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  high  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  planing-mlll, 
a  saw-mill,  and  a  sash-factory.     Pop.  647. 

Harlem,  a  township  of  Stephenson  co..  111.    Pop.  1243. 

Harlem,  a  post-village  of  Winnebago  co..  111.,  in  Har- 
lem township,  on  the  Kenosha  division  of  the  Chicago  & 
Northwestern  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Roekford.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  grain-elevator.  The  township  is  bounded 
W.  by  the  Rock  River.     Pop.  of  the  township,  781. 

Harlem,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co.,  AIo.,  on  the  JHs- 
souri  River,  nearly  opposite  Kansas  City,  from  which  it  is 
li  miles  distant.  It  is  on  the  Hannibal  i  St.  Joseph  Rail- 
road and  the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  &,  Council  Bluffs  Rail- 
road.    An  iron  bridge  crosses  the  river  here. 

Harlem,  a  former  town  of  New  York,  now  a  part  of 
New  York  City.  The  name  is  now  applied  to  that  part  of 
the  city  which  lies  between  8th  Avenue  and  the  East  River 
north  of  106th  street.     See  Harlem  Statiox. 

Harlem,  or  Harlem  Springs,  a  post-village  in  Lee 
township,  Carroll  co.,  0.,  about  30  miles  S.E.  of  Canton. 
It  contains  an  academy,  3  churches,  and  a  carriage-factory. 

Harlem,  a  post-township  of  Delaware  co.,  0.,  about  20 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Columbus.  Pop.  1149.  It  contains  Centre 
Village. 

Har'lem,  a  post-village  in  Leeds  co.,  Ontario,  26  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Brockville.     Pop.  150. 

Harlem  River,  New  York,  a  narrow  portion  of  tide- 
water, which  separates  Manhattan  Island  from  the  main- 
land. It  communicates,  through  Spuyten  Duyvil  Creek, 
with  the  Hudson  River  at  the  northern  end  of  that  island 
(which  is  nearly  co-extensive  with  New  York  City),  and 
with  the  East  River  at  Hell  Gate.     Length,  about  7  miles. 

Harlem  Springs,  Carroll  co.,  0.     See  Harlem. 

Harlem  Station,  a  post-office  of  New  York  co.,  N.Y., 
is  a  branch  of  tho  New  York  post-office,  and  is  on  tho  Now 
York  <fc  Harlem  Railroad,  4i  miles  N.  of  the  Grand  Central 
Depot.     See  Harlem. 

Har'lemville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y., 
34  miles  S.S.E.  of  Albany.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 

Harlensburg,  Lawrence  co..  Pa.    See  Harlansburg. 

Har'leston,  a  town  of  England,  in  Norfolk,  7  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Bungay.     Pop.  1267. 

Har'ley,  or  Der'by,  a  post-village  in  Brant  co.,  On- 
tario, 14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Brantford.     Pop.  100. 

Harleysville,  har'llz-vil,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Lower  Salford  township,  about  11  miles  N.  of 
Norristown.     It  has  a  church,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac. 

Harlingen,  haR'ling-?n,  a  fortified  town  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, in  Friesland,  near  the  entrance  of  the  Zuyder  Zee, 
16  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Leeuwarden.  It  is  well  built,  and 
intersected  by  canals.  The  principal  edifices  are  the  admi- 
ralty, a  large  parish  church,  and  the  town  hall.  The  manu- 
factures comprise  sail-cloth,  salt,  hoUands,  paper,  and  bricks, 
English  steamers  leave  with  cargoes  of  cattle,  butter,  cheese, 
wool,  flax,  fruit,  and  vegetables.     Pop.  11,043. 

Har'ling^en,  a  post- village  in  Montgomery  township, 
Somerset  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Delaware  &  Bound  Brook  Rail- 
road, about  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Trenton,  and  42  miles  S.W. 


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of  Now  York  City,  with  a  station  on  the  Morcer  A  Somerset 
Railroad.     It  has  a  ohuroh  and  a  oarriage-faotory. 

Ilnrlowe,  har'lo,  a  post-offloe  of  Carteret  oo.,  N.C. 

Ilar'maOf  a  poat-hamlot  of  Bay  co.,  Mich.,  in  Au  Qros 
towoahip,  4  luilee  S.  of  Alabaster.  It  has  2  limo-lcilns  and 
a  saw-mill. 

Harman's,  Dearborn  oo.,  Ind.    See  IIahruan's. 

Ilar'manSf  a  post-ofBoo  and  station  of  Anne  Arundel 
00.,  M J,,  on  the  Baltimore  <fc  Potomoo  Railroad,  11  miles 
N.E.  of  Bowie  Junction. 

Harman's,  a  station  in  Adams  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the  rail- 
road from  Gettysburg  to  Ilanover  Junction,  8  miles  E.  of 
Gettysburg. 

Ilarman's  Mill,  a  hamlet  of  Pendleton  co.,  W.  Va.,  60 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Keysor.     It  has  a  church. 

llar'mar,  a  post-village  of  Washington  oo.,  0.,  is  situ- 
ated on  the  Ohio  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Muskingum 
River,  which  separates  it  from  Marietta,  and  on  the  Mari- 
etta &,  Cincinnati  Railroad,  100  miles  £.  of  Chillicothe. 
Steamboats  are  built  at  this  place,  which  has  also  several 
mills  and  factories.     Pop.  1511. 

Har'marville,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the  Western  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Harmelen,  han'm^h-l^n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
7  miles  W.  of  Utrecht,  on  the  Old  Rhine.     Pop.  1617. 

Harmersbach,  hait'mQrs-b&K\  Oder,  o'o^r,  and  Un- 
TER,  ddn't^r,  two  nearly  contiguous  villages  of  I3aden,  on  a 
stream  of  the  same  name,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Offonburg.  Pop. 
of  Ober-Harraorsbach,  2156;  of  Unter-Harmorsbach,  1687. 

Ilarniersbach,  a  populous  valley  of  Baden,  near  Zell, 
extending  about  17  miles  in  length. 

Ilar'mersville,  a  post-hamiet  of  Salem  co.,  N.J.,  6  or 
7  miles  S.  of  Salem. 

Harm  ok,  a  mountain  of  Asia.    See  Habauuk. 

Har'mon,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Lee  oo..  III., 
and  a  station  on  the  Chicago  &  Rock  River  Railroad,  12 
miles  W.  of  Amboy.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  542. 

Harmo'nious,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Ala. 

Har'monsburg,  a  post-village  in  Summit  township, 
Crawford  co,,  Pa.,  at  the  head  of  Connoaut  Lake,  8  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Meadville.  It  bus  2  churches,  an  academy,  a 
grist-mill,  2  tanneries,  2  saw-mills,  Ac. 

Har'mon's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.. 
Pa.,  on  the  Pan-Handle  Railroad,  3*1  miles  W.  by  S.  of 
Pittsburg. 

Har'mony,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Ark. 

Harmony,  a  township  of  Ilancock  co.,  111.  Pop.  1457. 
It  contains  Bentley. 

Harmony,  a  post-hamlet  of  McHenry  co..  111.,  in  Coral 
township,  about  32  miles  N.N.W.  of  Aurora.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Harmony,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co.,  Ind.,  in  Van 
Buren  township,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  &  Terre  Haute 
Railroad,  20  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Terre  Haute,  and  4  miles  E. 
of  Brazil.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  blast- 
furnace, 2  potteries  for  stoneware,  and  productive  mines  of 
good  block  coal.     Pop.  in  1890,  1020. 

Harmony,  a  township  of  Posey  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  E.  bank 
of  the  Wabash.     Pop.  2304.     It  includes  New  Harmony. 

Harmony,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  734. 

Harmony,  a  post-office  of  Pawnee  co.,  Kansas. 

Harmony,  a  post-office  of  Owen  co.,  Ky. 

Harmony,  a  post-hamlet  in  Harmony  township,  Som- 
erset CO.,  Me.,  about  18  miles  N.E.  of  Skowhegan.  It  has 
2  churches,  and  common  schools. 

Harmony,  a  village  of  Caroline  co.,  Md.,  9  miles  from 
Federalsburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Harmony,  a  post-office  of  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  is  at 
Beallsville,  a  village  9  miles  N.W.  of  Frederick.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  woollen-factory. 

Harmony,  a  post-township  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn., 
•iboiit  9  miles  S.  of  Preston.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  962. 

Harmony,  a  township  of  AVashington  co..  Mo.  P.  1486. 

Harmony,  a  post-^lage  of  Washington  co.,  Mo.,  about 
75  miles  S.S.W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Harmony,  Burlington  co.,  N.J.    See  New  Gretna. 

Harmony,  a  hamlet  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  IJ  miles 
from  Middletown.     It  has  a  church. 

Harmony,  a  hamlet  of  Morris  oo.,  N.J.,  in  Mendham 
township,  6  miles  W.  of  Morristown. 

Harmony,  a  post- village  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  in  Har- 
mony township,  on  the  Belvidere  Delaware  Railroad,  5  miles 
N.E.  of  Easton,  Pa.  It  has  2  churches.  The  township  * 
bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Delaware  River.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1405. 

Harmony,  a  post-township  of  Chautauqua  oo.,  N.Y., 


about  10  miles  W.  of  Jamestown.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.E.  by  Chantanqua  Lake,  and  intersected  by  the  Atlantic 
A  Great  Western  Railroad.  Pop.  3622.  It  contains  the 
villages  of  Ashville,  Panama,  and  Watts  Flats.  Harmony 
Post-Office  is  at  Ashville. 

Harmony,  a  post-township  of  Clark  co.,  0.,  7  miles  E. 
of  Springfield,  is  traversed  by  the  railroad  between  Colum- 
bus and  Springfield.     It  contains  Vienna  village.     P.  1821. 

Harmony,  a  township  of  Morrow  oo.,  0.     Pop.  773. 

Harmony,  a  township  of  Beaver  oo..  Pa.,  on  the  Ohio 
River.     Pop.  225.     It  contains  Economy. 

Harmony,  a  post-borough  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  on  Conc- 
quenessing  Creek,  about  25  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Pittsburg,  and 
1  mile  E.  of  Zt:licno|)le.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  colle- 
giate institute,  a  machine-shop,  boiler-works,  tank-works, 
Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  585. 

Harmony,  A  township  of  Forest  oo..  Pa.,  on  the  Alle- 
ghany River.     Pop.  1226, 

Harmony,  a  township  of  Susquehanna  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
1212.     It  contains  Brandt  and  Lanesborough. 

Harmony,  a  post-hamlet  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  6 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Centredale  Station.     Pop.  50. 

Harmony,  a  township  of  Clarendon  co.,  S.C.     P.  480, 

Harmony,  a  post-hamlet  of  Halifax  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Hycootee  River,  25  miles  E.  of  Danville.     It  has  a  church. 

Harmony,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mason  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Kanawha  River,  about  35  miles  N.AV.  of  Charleston. 

Harmony,  a  township  of  Rock  co..  Wis.     Pop.  1136. 

Harmony,  a  township  of  Vernon  co.,  Wis.  Pop.  lOOtt. 
It  contains  Newton. 

Har'mony,  a  village  in  Queens  co..  Nova  Scotia,  40 
miles  S.E.  of  Annapolis.     Pop.  150. 

Harmony  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  Northeastern  Railroad,  18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Athens. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  and  manufactures 
of  furniture  and  wagons.     Pop.  611, 

Harmony  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Frederick  co.,  Md., 
and  a  station  on  the  Frederick  A  Pennsylvania  Line  Rail- 
road, 2i  miles  N.E.  of  Frederick.     It  has  a  church. 

Harmony  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rusk  co.,  Tex.,  about 
24  miles  S.W.  of  Marshall. 

Harmony  Village,  a  post-hamlet  of  Middlesex  co., 
Va.,  25  miles  E.  of  West  Point. 

Har'nedsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co..  Pa.,  2 
miles  from  Confluence  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  tannery.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Harnes,  hann,  a  village  of  France,  in  Pas-de-Calais, 
15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bcthune.     Pop.  2913. 

Har'nett,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  North  Caro- 
lina, has  an  area  of  about  550  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Cape  Fear  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Little 
and  South  Rivers.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating,  and 
mostly  covered  with  forests  ;  the  soil  is  partly  fertile.  In 
dian  corn,  cotton,  pork,  and  sweet  potatoes  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Cape  Fear  A 
Yadkin  Valley  Railroad.  Capital,  Lillington.  Pop.  in 
1870,  8895;  in  1880,  10,862;  in  1890,  13,700. 

Harnett  Court-House,  N.C.    See  Lillington, 

Har'ney,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co,,  Md,,  about  45  miles 
N,W.  of  Baltimore. 

Harney,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Harney  co.,  Oregon, 
in  a  wool-  and  cattle-growing  region,  about  90  miles  S.W. 
of  Baker  City. 

Harney,  a  station  in  Albany  co.,  Wyoming,  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  15  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Laramie.  Ele- 
vation, 7857  feet. 

Harney  Lake,  Oregon,  is  in  Wasco  co.,  and  is  about 
10  miles  long.     It  appears  to  have  no  outlet. 

Harney's  Peak,  the  highest  summit  of  the  Black 
Hills,  is  in  the  S.W.  part  of  South  Dakota,  near  lat.  43°  52' 
N.  and  Ion.  103°  33'  W.  Its  altitude  is  said  to  be  7403  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Its  nucleus  is  granitic,  and  its 
sides  are  covered  with  forests  of  pine. 

Harnish  Islands,  Red  Sea.    See  Arroe  Islands. 

Haro,  i'ro,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  21  miles  by 
rail  W.N.W,  of  Logrono,  near  the  Ebro.  Pop.  6594,  who 
manufacture  hats,  brandy,  liqueurs,  and  leather. 

Haroe,  h4'ro^?h,  a  small  island  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Norway.     Lat.  62°  45'  N, ;  Ion,  6°  30'  E. 

Har'old,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co,.  Ark.,  on 
the  Ouachito  River,  20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Hot  Springs.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Harold,  a  post- village  in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  22  mild 
N.N.W.  of  Belleville.     Pop.  150. 

Har'old's  Cross,  a  village  of  Ireland,  forming  a 
suburb  of  Dublin,  about  1  mile  S.  of  Dublin  Castle. 

Haromsz6k,  h&'Rom'ssek',  a  county  of  Hungary,  la 


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Transylvania,  of  which  it  forms  the  S.E.  angle,  having 
Rouinania  on  the  E.  and  S.  Area,  1369  square  miles.  It 
is  a  mountainous  region.     Pop.  125,881. 

Harpaiihalli,  India.    See  IIauponellt. 

Har'per,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Kansas,  bordering 
on  the  Indian  Territory.  Area,  about  810  square  miles. 
It  is  drained  by  several  tributaries  of  the  Arkansas  River, 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  almost  desti- 
tute of  forests.  Capital,  Anthony.  Pop.  in  1880,  4133 ;  in 
1890,  13,266. 

Harper,  a  post-village  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Sigourney  Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  <fc  Pacific 
Railroad,  20  miles  W.  of  Washington.  It  has  2  churches, 
and  public  schools.     Pop.  in  1890,  253. 

Harper,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harper  co.,  Kansas,  10  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Anthony.  It  has  6  churches,  2  banks,  public 
schools,  and  4  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  1579. 

Harper,  a  post-village  of  Logan  co.,  0.,  about  6  miles 
by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Bellefontaine.  It  has  a  church,  a  plough- 
factory,  <fec.     Pop.  100. 

Har'per,  a  post-village  in  Lanark  co.,  Ontario,  7  miles 
W.  of  Perth.     Pop.  100. 

Har'per's,  a  post-office  of  Johnston  co.,  N.C. 

Harpers,  a  post-office  of  Georgetown  co.,  S.C. 

Harper's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Chatham 
CO.,  N.C. 

•  Harper's  Ferry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allamakee  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  15  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of 
Lansing. 

Harper's  Ferry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Kentucky  River,  about  15  miles  N.  of  Frankfort. 
It  has  a  church. 

Harper's  Ferry,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  W. 
Va.,  on  the  Potomac  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Shenan- 
doah, and  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Valley  Branch,  81  miles  W.  of  Baltimore,  and 
about  22  miles  S.  of  Hagerstown.  It  has  6  churches,  a 
normal  school,  called  Storer  College,  a  bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  pulp-mills.  The  Potomac  here  passes  through  a 
gorge  in  the  Blue  Ridge.  The  place  is  remarkable  for  the 
beauty  of  its  scenery,  and  has  been  the  theatre  of  memorable 
events.  On  the  16th  of  October,  1859,  John  Brown  the 
abolitionist  surprised  the  place  and  captured  the  United 
States  arsenal,  but  he  was  overpowered  and  taken  prisoner 
on  the  next  day.  During  the  civil  war  Stonewall  Jackson 
attacked  a  Union  army  which  occupied  Harper's  Ferry  and 
■was  commanded  by  General  D.  II.  Miles.  After  a  brief 
cannonade,  Miles  surrendered  on  the  15th  of  September, 
1862,  and  the  victors  took  11,583  prisoners.  The  arsenal 
and  armory  were  burned  by  the  military  in  April,  1861. 
The  railroad  here  crosses  the  Potomac  by  a  bridge.  Pop. 
in  1890.  958. 

Har'persfield,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Harpersfield  township,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Stamford  Sta- 
tion, and  about  52  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Albany.  It  has  2 
churches.  The  township  is  hilly  and  fertile.  It  includes 
part  of  Stamford  village.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1454. 

Harpersfield,  a  post-township  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0.,  3 
miles  from  Geneva.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  cheese-fac- 
tory.    Pop.  1120. 

Harper's  Home,  a  post-office  of  Brunswick  co.,  Va. 

Harper's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erath  co.,  Tex.,  60 
miles  S.W.  of  Fort  Worth.  It  has  3  churches,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Harper's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Pendleton  co.,  W.  Va., 
about  50  miles  W.N.W.  of  Harrisonburg,  Va. 

Harper's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ross  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  17  miles  W.  of  Chillicothe. 

Har'persville,  a  post  village  of  Shelby  co.,  Ala., 
about  25  miles  S.E.  of  Birmingham.  It  has  2  churches, 
an  academy,  a  tannery,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Harpersville,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co..  Miss.,  9i 
miles  N.  of  Forest.  It  has  3  churches,  the  Stonewall  In- 
Btitutc,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Harpersville,  a  post-village  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Colesville  township,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the 
Albany  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bing- 
hamton.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  furniture, 
carriages,  and  ploughs.     Pop.  218. 

_  Har'peth,  a  river  in  the  central  part  of  Tennessee, 
rises  near  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Williamson  co.,  and,  flow- 
ing N.W.  through  Cheatham  co.,  enters  Cumberland  River 
from  the  left  hand,  in  Dickson  co.  Its  length  is  about  90 
miles.  A  small  creek,  called  West  Ilarpeth,  flows  into  the 
river  about  6  miles  below  Franklin.  Another,  called  Little 
Harpeth,  enters  it  on  the  right  bank,  about  12  miles  S.W. 
of  Nashville. 


Harp  Island,  Low  Archipelago.    See  Bow  Island.. 

Har^ponel'ly,  Har^ponhul'ly,  or  Har^pai|^n 
hal'li,  a  town  of  India,  district  and  60  miles  S.W.  pf,,., 
Bellary.     Pop.  7895.  ( 

Harpoot,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Karpoot. 

Harpstedt,  haup'stStt,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover, 
25  miles  W.N.W.  of  lloya.     Pop.  1194. 

Harp'ster,  a  post-office  of  Ford  co.,  111.,  on  theGilman, 
Clinton  &  Springfield  Railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Gibson. 

Harps'well,  a  township  of  Cumberland  co..  Me.,  com- 
prising a  peninsula  and  some  islands  in  Casco  Bay,  14  miles 
E.  of  Portland.  It  is  a  pleasant  summer  resort,  and  has  an 
insurance  company  and  5  churches.     Pop.  1749. 

Harpswell  Centre,  post-office,  Cumberland  co.,  Me. 

Harran,  han-Rin'  (the  Haran  of  Scripture;  anc.  Car'rx 
or  Char'ree),  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  pashalio  and  S3 
miles  S.W.  of  Diarbekir. 

Harrar,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Hhrrur. 

Har'reldsville,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Ky. 

Har'rell,  a  post-village  of  Decatur  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Atlantic  <fc  Gulf  Railroad,  at  AVhigham  Station,  15  miles 
E.  of  Bainbridge.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and 
manufactures  of  pine  lumber,  rosin,  and  turpentine. 

Har'rell's,  a  township  of  Mitchell  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  479. 

Harrell's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sampson  co.,  N.C, 
14  miles  W.  of  Duplin  Roads  Station.  It  has  a  church  and 
manufiictures  of  rosin  and  turpentine. 

Har'rellsville,  a  post-village  of  Hertford  co.,  N.C, 
about  33  miles  N.  of  Plymouth,  and  3  miles  W.  of  the 
Chowan  River.     Pop.  of  Harrellsville  township,  1743. 

Har^rican'aw,  a  river  of  Canada,  rises  in  a  small 
lake  about  lat.  49°  55'  N.  and  Ion.  77°  30'  W.,  and,  after 
a  N.W.  course  of  about  270  miles,  falls  into  James's  Bay  at 
Hannah  Bay-house. 

Harries,  har'riz,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Cleveland,  Columbus  k  Cincinnati  Railroad,  4  milea 
N.E.  of  Dayton. 

HarrietstoAVn,  har're-§ts-tSwn,  a  township  of  Frank- 
lin CO.,  N.Y.,  among  the  Adirondacks.  Pop.  491.  It  con- 
tains Mt.  Seward,  the  Lower  Saranac  Lake,  <tc. 

Harrietsville,  har're-?ts-vll,  a  post-village  of  Noble 
CO.,  0.,  20  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Marietta.     It  has  a  church. 

Harrietsville,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  On- 
tario, 8  miles  S.  of  Dorchester  Station.  It  contains  a  large 
cheese-factory.     Pop.  120. 

Har'rigan  Cove,  a  post-settlement  in  Halifax  co.. 
Nova  Scotia,  91  miles  N.E.  of  Halifax.     Pop.  250. 

Har'riman,  a  post- village  of  Roane  co.,  Tenn.,  5  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Oakdale.  It  has  10  churches,  3  banks,  3  news- 
paper offices,  sugar- works,  coke-ovens,  (fee.     Pop.  716. 

Har'rington,  a  seaport  of  England,  in  Cumberland,  5 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Whitehaven.     Pop.  of  parish,  2294. 

Har'rington,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  Del.,  64  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Wilmington.  It  has  an  institute,  7  churches,  a 
bank,  a  basket-factory,  phosphate-works,  and  lumber-mills. 

Harrington,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Me.,  on    , 
an  inlet  of  the  ocean,  about  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Machias. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  canning-factory. 
Large  vessels  are  built  here.      Pop.  of  the  township,  1150. 

Harrington,  a  township  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  bounded 
on  the  N.E.  by  the  state  line  of  New  York,  and  on  the  E. 
by  the  Hudson  River.     Pop.  2664.     It  contains  Closter. 

Harrington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harnett  co.,  N.C,  about  , 
34  miles  S.W.  of  Raleigh. 

Harrington  Fast,  a  post-village  in  Argenteuil  co., 
Quebec,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Grenville.    Pop.  100. 

Harrington  Inlet,  East  Australia,  receives  the  Man- 
ning River,  34  miles  S.S.W.  of  Port  Macquarie. 

Harrington  West,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  co.,  On- 
tario, on  a  branch  of  the  Thames,  7  miles  S.  of  Str.atford. 
It  contains  3  stores,  a  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  cabinet- 
factory.     Pop.  130. 

Har'ris,  or  Her'ries,  a  district  and  parish  of  the 
Hebrides,  in  Scotland,  forming  a  peninsula,  comprising  the 
S.  part  of  the  island  of  Lewis  and  small  neighboring  islands. 
Area,  about  90,000  acres,  mostly  mountainous.  Pop.  4120. 
The  Sound  of  Harris  is  a  navigable  strait,  9  miles  ia 
length  and  from  8  to  12  miles  in  breadth,  separating  this  , 
peninsula  from  North  Uist,  and  studded  with  rocks  and 
islets.     See  Hebrides. 

Har'ris,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Georgia,  bordering  . 
on  Alabama,  has  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  , 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Chattahoochee  River,  and  is  also 
drained  by  Mulberry  Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  is  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton, 
Indian  corn,  pork,  and  sweet  potatoes  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts.    Eozoic  rocks  underlie  the  N.  part  of  this  county. 


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HAR 


It  ii  traversed  by  the  Georgia  Midland  A  Gulf  Rnilroad 
and  the  Columbus  A  Rome  Railroad,  the  latter  oommuni- 
cating  with  Hamilton,  the  onpital.  Pop.  IS7U,  13,284;  in 
1880,  15,758;  in  1890,  16,707. 

Harris,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Texas,  bos  an 
area  of  about  I6:{0  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
S.E.  by  Unlveston  Utiy,  is  intorseoted  by  the  Sun  Jiicinto 
River,  and  nisodniiiicd  by  Buffalo  Bayou  ond  Cypress  Creek. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  diversiflod  with  prairies 
and  woodlands;  the  soil  is  partly  alluvial,  and  fertile. 
Cattle,  cotton,  and  Indian  corn  are  the  stnple  products. 
Seven  railroads  meet  in  this  county, — viz.,  the  Gulf,  Colo- 
rado A  Sunta  F6,  the  Southern  Paciflc,  the  Houston,  East 
A  We!<t  Texas,  the  Son  Antonio  A  Aransas  Pass,  the 
Texas  Western,  the  Houston  A  Texas  Central,  and  the 
International  A  Great  Northern.  Capital,  Houston.  Pop. 
in  1870,  17,375;  in  1880,  27,985;  in  1890,  37,249. 

Harris,  a  post-offlco  of  Barbour  co.,  Ala. 

Iliirris,  a  township  of  Fulton  co.,  111.  Pop.  1029.  It 
contains  .Marietta. 

Harris,  a  township  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
llichi^n  line.     Pop.  408. 

Harris,  a  station  in  Madison  co ,  Ky.,  on  the  Rich- 
mond Branch  Railroad,  ^  miles  S.W.  of  Richmond. 

Harris,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chicago  oo.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Lake  Superior  and  Mississippi  Railroad,  47  miles  N.  of  St. 
Paul.     It  has  2  stores. 

Harris,  Cooper  co..  Mo.    See  Haiiriston. 

Harris,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co.,  Mo.,  13  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Gault.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  a 
bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  400. 

Harris,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gallia  co.,  0.,  on  Raccoon 
Creek,  about  12  miles  N.AV.  of  Galiipolis.  It  has  a  church, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Harris,  a  township  of  Ottawa  co.,  0.  Pop.  2190.  It 
contnins  Elmore. 

Harris,  a  township  of  Centre  oo.,  Pa.  Pop.  1999.  It 
contains  Bonlsburg  and  the  state  agricultural  college.  Post- 
oflice,  State  College. 

Harris,  a  post-office  of  Louisa  co.,  Va. 

Harris,  a  township  of  Marquette  co..  Wis.  Pop.  531. 
It  contains  Harrisvilie. 

Har'risburg,  a  posf-hamlet  of  Bibb  co.,  Ala.,  22  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Marion.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Harrisburg,  a  post-village,  cupital  of  Poinsett  co., 
Ark.,  about  50  miles  N.^V.  of  Memphis,  Tenn.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  canning-factury,  a  cotton- 
gin,  Ac. 

Harrisburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alameda  co.,  Cal.,  about 
14  miles  N.  of  San  Jos6. 

Harrisburg,  a  hamlet  of  Jasper  co..  111.,  on  the  Qray- 
ville  <t  Mattoon  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Newton.  Here  is 
P.ose  Hill  Post-Office. 

Harrisburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Saline  co..  111., 
on  the  Cairo  it  Vincennes  Railroad,  68  miles  N.E.  of  Cairo. 
It  has  a  fine  court-house,  6  churches,  a  public  school,  2 
banks,  2  flour-mills,  a  woollen-mill,  a  brick-  and  tile-fac- 
tory, a  hoop-factory,  a  plauing-mill,  and  4  newspaper 
offices.     Pop.  in  1880,  934;  in  1890,  1723. 

Harrisburg,  a  post- village  of  Fayette  co.,  Ind.,  about 
20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Richmond.     It  has  2  churches. 

Harrisburg,  a  township  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  920. 

Harrisburg,  a  post-village  of  Owen  co.,  Ky.,  3i  miles 
from  Owenton,  and  8  miles  S.  of  Sparta  Station.  It  contains 
a  church,  and  is  the  seat  of  Owen  College  (non-sectarian 
and  for  both  sexes),  which  was  chartered  in  1S70. 

Harrisburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Buone  co..  Mo.,  15  miles 
N.W.  of  Columbia.    It  has  a  church  and  about  7  houses. 

Harrisburg,  a  post-township  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
16  miles  S.E.  of  Watertown.     Pop.  816. 

Harrisburg,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Cabarrus 
CO.,  N.C.,  on  the  North  Carolina  Railroad,  13  miles  N.E.  of 
Charlotte.     It  has  a  church. 

Harrisburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nelson  co.,  N.D.,  12 
miles  S.  of  Lakota. 

Harrisburg,  a  post-village  of  Frankljn  co.,  0.,  on 
Darby  Creek,  abuut  14  miles  S.W.  of  Columbus.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  211. 

Harrisburg,  a  village  of  Stark  oo.,  0.,  about  10  miles 
"S.E.  of  Canton.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  union  school. 
Pop.  107.     Here  is  Barry  ville  Post-Office. 

Harrisburg,  a  post-village  of  Linn  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Willamette  River,  and  on  the  Oregon  A  California  Railroad, 
25  miles  S.  of  Albany,  and  18  miles  N.  of  Eugene  City.  It 
has  a  bank,  2  churches,  a  newspaper,  a  flouring-mill,  and 
the  Harrisburg  College.    Pop.  in  1890,  413. 


Harrisburg,  a  city,  capital  of  Pennsylvania  and  of 
Dauphin  co.,  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  E.  bank  of  the 
Susquehanna  River,  106  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Philadelphia, 
85  miles  N.  of  Baltimore,  and  120  miles  N.  of  Washington. 
Lat.  40°  16'  N. ;  Ion.  70°  50'  W.  It  is  on  the  Pennsylvania 
and  Northern  Central  Railroads,  and  is  the  N.E.  terminus 
of  the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad  and  the  Philadelphia, 
Harrisburg  A  Pittsburg  Railroad,  which  connect  with  the 
Lebanon  Valley  Railroad.  Three  railroad  bridges  here  cross 
the  river,  wliicli  is  1  mile  wide  and  flows  through  picturesque 
scenery.  The  capitol,  a  brick  edifice,  is  located  on  un 
eminence  in  a  park  of  16  acres,  and  contains  the  state 
library,  of  about  40,000  volumes.  The  city  has  a  govern- 
ment building,  a  court-house,  50  churches,  the  Pennsylvania 
State  Lunatic  Hospital,  a  state  arsenal,  a  general  hospital,  an 
0))era-hou8e,  3  academies,  3  national  banks,  3  other  banks, 
and  2  handsome  public  monuments.  Four  daily  and  12 
weekly  new8pa])ers  are  published  here.  The  j)ro8perity  of 
this  city  is  largely  derived  from  manufactures,  for  which  its 
position  is  very  favorable,  as  it  has  ready  access  to  coal- 
and  iron-mines.  Here  are  several  blast-furnaces,  rolling- 
mills,  plate-mills,  machine-shops,  flour-mills,  and  manu- 
factories of  Bessemer  steel,  railroad-cars,  carriages,  boilers, 
cotton  goods,  bricks,  <tc.  Harrisburg  is  the  see  of  a  Roman 
Catholic  bishop.  It  became  the  capital  of  the  state  in 
1810,  and  was  incorporated  as  a  city  in  1800.  Pop.  in 
1850,  7834;  irf  1860,  13,400;  k»  1870,  23,104;  in  1880, 
30,762;  in  1890,  39,385. 

Harrisburg,  a  post-office  of  Sevier  co.,  Tenn. 

Harrisburg,  a  post-village  of  Harris  co.,  Tex.,  on 
Buffalo  Bayou,  6  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Houston.  It  has 
several  churches,  3  lumber-mills,  and  a  machine-shop. 
Pop.  about  250. 

Harrisburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Charlotte  co.,  Va.,  on 
Staunton  River,  about  40  miles  S.E.  of  Lynchburg.  It  has 
a  church.     Here  is  Cub  Creek  Post-Office. 

Har'risburg,  a  post-village  in  Brant  co.,  Ontario,  at  a 
railway  junction,  19  miles  W.  of  Hamilton.     Pop.  200. 

Harrisburg  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Mississippi  Central  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of 
Jackson.     It  has  a  gri:«t-mill  and  a  store. 

Harris  City,  a  post-office  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind. 

Harris  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Bowne  township,  about  20  miles  S.E  of  Grand  Rapids. 
It  has  a  grist-tJiill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Harris  Creek,  Amherst  co.,  Va.    See  Burpohd's. 

Harris'  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Wood  co.,  W.  Va. 

Harris  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co..  III.,  2i 
miles  from  Belle  River. 

Harris  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Calloway  co.,  Ky.,  7 
miles  (direct)  S.W.  of  Murray. 

Harris  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  oo.,  N.Y.,  in 
Clarence  township,  5  miles  S.  of  Clarence  Centre.  It  has 
a  church. 

Harris  Lot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Charles  co.,  Md.,  near 
the  Potomac  River,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Pope's  Creek  Station. 

Harris  31ills,  Rhode  Island.    See  Harrisville. 

Har'rison,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Indiana,  has  an 
area  of  about  470  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
and  S.  by  the  Ohio  River,  on  the  N.W.  by  Blue  River,  and 
is  intersected  by  Indian  Creek.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly, 
and  presents  picturesque  scenery.  Near  the  Ohio  River 
are  hills  called  the  "  Knobs."  Nearly  half  of  the  county  is 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  oata,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
Large  caverns  occur  in  the  carboniferous  limestone  which 
underlies  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Louisville, 
Evansville  A  St.  Louis  Railroad.  Capital  Corydon.  Pop. 
in  1870,  19,913;  in  1880,  21,326;  in  1890,  20,786. 

Harrison,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Iowa,  bordering 
on  Nebraska,  has  an  area  of  about  605  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Missouri  River,  and  is  inter- 
sected by  Boycr  and  Soldier  Rivers.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile.  A  large  por- 
tion of  it  is  prairie.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  hay  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  the  Sioux  City  A  Pacific 
Railroad,  and  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul  Railroad. 
Capital,  Logan.  Pop.  in  1870,  8931;  in  1880,  16,649;  in 
1890,  21, .356. 

Harrison,  a  northeastern  county  of  Kentucky,  has  an 
area  of  about  .315  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E. 
by  the  Licking  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  South  Fork 
of  that  river.  The  sunface  is  partly  hilly  and  partly  un- 
dulating. The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  pork, 
and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  Silurian  limestone,  a 
good  material  for  building,  underlies  this  county,  which  is 


IIAR 


1369 


HAR 


intersected  by  the  Kentucky  Central  Railroad.  Capital, 
Cynthiana.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,993;  in  1880,  16,504;  in 
1890,  16,914. 

Harrison,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Mississippi,  has 
an  area  of  about  990  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S. 
by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  is  drained  by  Biloxi  and  Wolf 
Rivers  and  Red  Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and 
partly  covered  v^ith  pine  forests.  The  soil  is  mostly  sandy 
and  sterile.  The  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad  passes 
along  the  Southern  border  of  this  county,  running  through 
Mississippi  City,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  5795;  in 
1880,  7895;  in  1890,  12,481. 

Harrison,  a  northern  county  of  Missouri,  borders  on 
Iowa.  Area,  about  730  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Crooked  Fork  of  Grand  River,  and  also  drained  by  Big 
Creek  and  other  creeks.  The  surface  is  diversified  with 
prairies  and  tracts  of  timber,  with  which  this  county  is  lib- 
erally supplied.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats, 
wheat,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad, 
which  communicates  with  Betlmny,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  14,();55;  in  1880,  20,304;  in  1890,  21,033. 

Harrison,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an  area 
of  about  405  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Stillwater  and 
Conotten  Creeks.  The  surfivce  is  diversified  with  valleys  and 
hills  of  moderate  height,  which  are  arable  even  on  their 
summits.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wool,  hay, 
wheat,  oats,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Limestone 
underlies  part  of  this  county,  which  has  also  mines  of  bitu- 
minous coal.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati 
A  St.  Louis  Railroad.  Capital,  Cadiz.  Pop.  in  1870, 18,682; 
in  1880,  20,456;  in  1890.  20,830. 

Harrison,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  partof  Texas,  bordering 
on  Louisiana,  has  an  <irea  of  about  880  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  Caddo  Lake  and  Big  Cypress  Bayou, 
and  on  the  S.  by  Sabine  River.  The  surface  is  moderately 
uneven,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is 
very  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork  are  the 
staples.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Texas  &  Pacific 
Railroad  and  the  Paris,  Marshall  &  Sabine  Pass  R.ailway, 
both  of  which  pass  through  Marshall,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  13,241  ;  in  1880,  25,177;  in  1890,  26,721. 

Harrison,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  West  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  464  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  West  Fork  of  Monongahela  River,  and  also  drained  by 
Elk  River.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  high  hills  and 
fertile  valleys.  Nearly  half  of  it  is  covered  with  forests. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  hay,  oats,  lumber,  and  pork  are  the 
staples.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio 
Railror.d  and  the  West  Virginia  &  Pittsburg  Railroad.  It 
has  productive  mines  of  coal.  Capital.  Clarksburg.  Pop. 
in  1870,  16,714;  in  1880,  20,181 ;  in  1890,  21,919. 

Harrison,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Boone  oo..  Ark., 
about  125  miles  N.N.W.  of  Little  Rock.  It  has  7  churches, 
2  banks,  a  public  high  school,  5  newspaper  ofiBcos,  and 
manufactures  of  tin-ware,  flour,  buggies,  &o.     Pop.  1438. 

Harrison,  a  post-village  of  Winnebago  co..  111.,  on  the 
Pccatonica  River,  about  14  miles  N.N.W.  of  Rockford. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Bartholomew  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
1228.     It  contains  Bethany. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Blackford  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
1680.     It  contains  Montpelier. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Boone  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1209. 
It  contains  New  Brunswick. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Ctiss  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1171. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Clay  co.,  Ind.,  bounded  N.W., 
W.,  and  S.W.  by  Eel  River.     Pop.  2241.     It  contains  Martz. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Daviess  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1084. 
It  contains  Glen  Dale. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Ohio  line.     Pop.  1086. 

Harrison,  a  post-township  of  Delaware  co.,  Ind.,  9  or 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Muncie.     Pop.  1400. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Elkhart  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1655. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Payette  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  867. 
It  contains  Ilarrisburg. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  3462. 
It  contains  Corydon. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1888. 
It  contains  Cadiz. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Howard  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  807. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  Ind.,  bounded  S. 
imd  E.  by  the  White  River.     Pop.  2812. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
1745.     It  contains  Palestine. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.     Pof .  1202. 
It  contains  Amboy. 
87 


Harrison,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind.,  bounded 
N.W.  by  the  White  River.     Pop.  378. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  451. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ind.,  bounded  W. 
by  the  Tippecanoe  River.     Pop.  753. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Spencer  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1977, 
It  contains  Fulda  and  St.  Meinrad. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
line.     Pop.  759.     Post-oftices,  Beechy  Mire  and  Clifton. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Vigo  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Wabash. 
Pop.  870,  exclusive  of  Terre  Haute. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  580. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Wells  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  2961. 
It  contains  BlufTton,  the  county  seat. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Adair  co.,  Iowa,     Pop.  590. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa,  bounded  W. 
by  the  Cedar  River.     Pop.  540. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Boone  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  441. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Iowa,  traversed 
by  Boyer  River.     Pop.  375,  exclusive  of  Dunlap. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  in  1875, 
1017.     It  contains  Primrose. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
1249.     It  contains  a  part  of  Muchachinock. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Kansas.   P.  621, 

Harrison,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas,  40  miles 
from  Edgar,  Neb.     It  has  a  church. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas.     P.  472. 

Harrison,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co..  Me.,  in 
Harrison  tovpnship,  at  the  N.  end  of  Long  Pond,  about  25 
miles  W.  of  Lewiston.  It  has  3  churches,  lumber- and  gran- 
ite-mills, and  a  chair-factory.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1071. 

Harrison,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dorchester  eo.,  Md.,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Nanticoke  River,  2  miles  from  Williamsburg 
Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Harrison,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clare  co.,  Mich,, 
15  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Farwell.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank, 
a  newspaper-ofiSce,  and  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  752. 

Harrison,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kandiyohi  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Harrison  township,  on  Diamond  Lake,  5  miles  N.W.  of 
Atwater.     Pop.  of  the  township,  655. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Daviess  co..  Mo.     Pop.  681. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Mercer  co..  Mo.  Pop.  1438. 
It  contains  Goshen. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Moniteau  co..  Mo.     P.  949. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Scotland  co.,  Mo.     P.  1220. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Vernon  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1093. 

Harrison,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Montnna, 
about  25  miles  above  the  Three  Forks  of  the  Missouri 
River.     It  has  a  church. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Gloucester  co.,  N.J.  Pop. 
1545.  It  contains  llariisonville,  Mickleton,  Jefferson, 
Mullica  Hill,  Ac. 

Harrison,  or  East  New'ark,  a  city  of  Hudson  eo., 
N.J.,  on  the  Passaic  River,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania, 
Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  AVestern,  and  New  "i  ork.  Lake 
Brie  &  AVestern  Railroads,  opposite  Newark,  with  which  it 
is  connected  by  a  bridge.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper 
oflice,  a  Catholic  institute,  and  manufactures  of  electric  in- 
candescent lamps,  cotton-thread,  cutlery,  wire  cloth,  Ac. 
Pop.  in  1890,  8338. 

Harrison,  a  post-hamlet  in  Harrison  township,  West- 
chester CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hart- 
ford Railroad,  24  miles  N.E.  of  New  York.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1485. 

Harrison,  a  post-ofiiee  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.C. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  0.  Pop.  915. 
It  contains  New  Ilarrisburg. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Champaign  co.,  0.  Pop, 
935.     It  contains  Spring  Hill. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Darke  co.,  0.  Pop.  1996. 
It  contains  Hollansburg  and  New  Madison. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Gallia  co.,  0.     Pop.  1257. 

Harrison,  a  post-village  in  Harrison  township,  Ham- 
ilton CO.,  0.,  on  the  AVhitewater  River,  at  the  boundary 
between  Ohio  and  Indiana,  and  on  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati, 
Chicago  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  23  miles  W. N.W.  of  Cincinnati. 
It  has  6  churches,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  and 
manufactures  of  brushes,  bricks,  furniture,  woollen  goods, 
gash,  blinds,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1690. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  bounded  W. 
by  the  township  of  Harrison,  Dearborn  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  2391. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  0.,  traversed  by 
the  Maumee  River.     Pop.  3  19. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  0.     Pop.  622. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Licking  co.,  0.     Pop.  1224. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Logan  co ,  0.    Pop.  1049. 


EAR 


1870 


IIAR 


Uanrisoni  a  township  of  Montj^omery  oo.,  0.  Pop. 
Sll(),  oxolusivo  of  Dayton. 

Harrison,  a  townsthip  of  Muskingum  oo.,  0.  Pop. 
HUT.     It  contains  Tikylor»rille. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Paulding  oo.,  0.,  on  the  In- 
diana lino.     I'up.  ^04. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Porry  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1202.  It 
contains  MoClunoy. 

Harrison,  a  to\vnship  of  Pickaway  co.,  0.  Pop.  1271. 
It  oontvins  South  Ulooiufiold. 

Harrison, a  townshipof  Prebleco.,  0.  Pop.  3291.  It 
contains  Kiipbcmia  and  Lowisburg. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Iloss  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1130.  It 
contains  Moorcsville. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Soioto  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1032.  It 
oontains  Uarrisonville. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Van  Wert  oo.,  0.,  on  tho  In- 
diana lino.     Pop.  1319. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Vinton  co.,  0.    Pop.  782. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  1870. 

Harrison,  a  post-vilingo  uf  Uouglass  co.,  S.D.,  8  miles 
direct  W.N.W.  of  Grand  View.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank, 
a  common  school,  2  uew^ipapor  offices,  and  general  stores 
and  business  houses.     Pop.  about  25U. 

Harrison,  a  decayed  post-village  of  James  oo.,  Tenn., 
on  the  loft  or  E.  bank  of  the  Tennessee  River,  about  16 
miles  N.E.  of  Chattanooga.  It  has  several  churches.  Coal 
is  found  near  this  place.     Pop.  421. 

Harrison,  a  station  on  the  Waco  Branch  of  the  Hous- 
ton <t  Texas  Central  Railroad,  8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Waco,  Tex. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Calumet  oo.,  Wis.,  bounded 
S.  by  Winnebago  Lake.     Pop.  1884. 

Harrison,  a  township  of  Grant  oo..  Wis.,  traversed  by 
the  Platte  River.     Pop.  1049. 

Harrison  Bay,  in  Alaska,  in  the  Arctic  Ocean,  is 
between  lat.  70°  20'  and  70°  40'  N.  and  Ion.  150°  and  152° 
30'  W.,  bounded  E.  and  W,  by  Point  Berens  and  Capo 
llalkett. 

Har'risonbnrg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Catahoula 
parish,  La.,  on  the  W.  oank  of  the  Ouachita  River,  28 
miles  N.W.  of  Natchez,  Miss.,  and  about  50  miles  N.E.  of 
Alexandria.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  newspaper  office,  2 
churches,  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  217. 

Harrisonburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Rockingham 
CO.,  Va.,  is  situated  in  the  fertile  Shenandoah  Valley,  25 
miles  N.X.E.  of  Staunton,  and  68  miles  S.S.W.  of  Win- 
chester. It  is  connected  with  these  towns  by  a  branch 
of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad.  It  has  8  churches,  a 
graded  school,  a  national  bank,  4  newspaper  offices,  a 
foundry,  a  pottery,  a  brick-factory,  2  planing-milis,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  manufactures  of  shovels,  shoes,  tan-bark,  cigars, 
and  cigar-boxes.     Pop.  in  1890,  2792. 

Harrison  City,  a  post-village  of  Westmoreland  co.. 
Pa.,  in  Penn  township,  IJ  miles  from  Manor  Railroad  Sta- 
tion, and  about  20  miles  E.S.E.  "of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2 
churches,  and  extensive  coal-  and  gas-works.    P.  about  300. 

Harrison's  Landing,  a  point  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
James  River,  in  Charles  City  co.,  Va.,  6  miles  below  City 
Point,  It  was  a  place  of  strategic  importance  during  the 
war  of  1861-65. 

Harrison's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co.,  Mo. 

Harrison's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Scioto  co.,  0. 

Harrison  Square,  a  former  post-village  of  Suffolk 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of 
tho  Shawmut  <fc  Milton  Branch,  3i  miles  S.  of  tho  initial 
station  in  Boston.  It  has  15  churches,  2  banks,  and  a  high 
school.  Its  post-office  is  a  branch  of  the  Boston  post-office, 
and  it  forms  the  24th  ward  of  Boston. 

Harrison  Station,  a  post-village  of  Tallahatcheeco., 
Miss.,  on  the  Mississippi  &  'Tennessee  Railroad,  27  miles  N. 
of  Grenada.     It  has  2  churches. 

Harrison  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Potter  oo.,  Pa.,  33 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Lawrenceville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Har'risonville  (Asbury  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of  Troup 
to..  Ga.,  5  miles  W.  of  Iloganville.     It  has  4  churches. 

Uarrisonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co..  111.,  on 
the  Mississi])pi  River,  about  30  miles  below  St.  Louis. 

Harrisonville,  a  village  of  Martin  co.,  Ind.  See 
TuiNiTY  Springs. 

Harrisonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  oo., 
Kansas,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Independence.     It  has  a  church. 

Harrisonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Ky.,  14 
miles  S.  of  Bagdiul.     It  has  a  church. 

Harrisonville,  a  post-office  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md. 

Harrisonville,  a  post-viUa<;e,  capital  of  Cass  co.,  Mo., 
on  the  Osage  division  of  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  'Texas 
Railroad,  65  miles  W.  of  Scialia,  and  about  33  miles  S.S.E. 


of  Kansas  City.  It  has  5  churches,  a  court-house,  a  high 
■chool,  8  newspaper  offices,  3  banks,  a  woollen-factory, 
a  bridge-  and  iron-works,  Ac.     Pop.  1615. 

Harrisonville,  a  post-village  of  Gloucester  co.,  N.J., 
in  Harrison  town.ship,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cnmdcn.  It  has  a 
church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  400. 

Harrisonville,  a  post-village  of  Alcigs  co.,  0.,  in 
Scipio  township,  about  10  miles  N.W.  of  Pomeroy.  It  hat 
2  churches  and  3  stores.     Pop.  160. 

Harrisonville,  a  hamlet  of  Soioto  co.,  0.,  in  Harrison 
township,  about  12  miles  N.E.  of  Portsmouth.  It  has  a 
church  and  2  stores.     Hero  is  Scioto  Post-Office. 

Harrisonville,  a  post-village  of  Fulton  co.,  Pa.,  on 
Licking  Creek,  28  miles  W.  of  Chambersburg.  It  has  a 
flour-mill,  a  store,  a  cabinet-shop,  <kc. 

Harris's  Corner,  New  Brunswick.  See  Bouicdart 
Crekk. 

Harris  Station,  a  post-office  on  the  Nashville  &  De- 
catur Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Decatur,  Ala. 

Harris  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Obion  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Paducah  &  Memphis  Railroad,  60  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Paducah.     It  h-os  2  churches. 

Har'riston,  a  post-office  of  Dosha  co..  Ark.,  on  the 
Little  Rock,  Mississippi  River  <t  Texas  Railroad,  10  miles 
S.  of  Wateon. 

Harriston,  a  post-office  of  Cooper  co..  Mo.,  at  Ilarrii 
Station  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  14  milen 
S.W.  of  Boonville. 

Har'riston,  a  post-villago  in  Wellington  oo.,  Ontario, 
on  a  branch  of  the  Maitland  River,  and  on  the  Wellington, 
Grey  A  Bruce  and  Toronto,  Grey  &  Bruce  Railways,  35 
miles  N.W.  of  Elora.  It  contains  a  newspaper  office,  3 
churches,  4  hotels,  20  stores,  2  saw-mills,  2  shingle-mill!<,  2 
planing-mills,  2  woollen-mills,  2  cabinet-factories,  2  foun- 
dries, agricultural  works,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  1000. 

Har'ristown,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kildare,  4 
miles  S.  of  Naas.     Pop.  of  parish,  635. 

Har'ristOAVn,  a  post-village  of  Macon  co.,  III.,  in  Har- 
ristown  township,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of 
Decatur.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  984. 

Harristown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wushington  co.,  Ind., 
on  tho  Louisville,  New  Albany  A  Chicago  Railroad,  4  miles 
E.  of  Salem. 

Har'risville,  a  village  of  Woodstock  township,  Wind- 
ham CO.,  Conn.,  3  miles  from  Putnam  Station,  and  1  mile 
from  the  post-village  of  South  Woodstock.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  warp  and  twine.  In  the  vicinity  is  the  beautiful 
Roseland  Park. 

Harrisvilie,  a  post-village  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Cleveland,  Columbus  A  Indianapolis  Railroad,  7  miles 
E.  of  Winchester,  and  about  25  miles  N.  of  Richmond. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Harrisvilie,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Alcona  co., 
Mich.,  in  Harrisvilie  township,  and  on  Lake  Huron,  about 
80  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bay  City.  It  has  a  court-house,  4 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  fine  public  school-house,  and 
a  large  manufactory  of  pine  lumber.     Pop.  in  1890,  987. 

Harrisvilie,  a  post-office  of  Simpson  co..  Miss. 

Harrisvilie,  a  post-village  of  Cheshire  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Harrisvilie  township,  40  miles  W.S.W.  of  Concord.  It  has 
2  churches,  common  schools,  and  manufactures  of  woollen 
goods.     Pop.  of  the  township,  748. 

Harrisvilie,  a  village  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  on 
AVading  River,  about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mount  Holly.  It 
has  a  paper-mill. 

Harrisvilie,  a  post- village  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Diana 
township,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Oswegatchio  River, 
about  33  miles  E.N.E.  of  Watertown.  It  has  2  churches, 
2  tanneries,  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  flour.  It  is 
on  the  border  of  a  wilderness  of  great  extent. 

Harrisvilie,  a  post-offico  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.C. 

Harrisvilie,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  co.,  0.,  13  miles 
N.W.  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va.  It  has  4  churches  and  a  private 
bank.     Pop.  258. 

Harrisvilie,  a  township  of  Medina  co.,  0.  Pop.  1182. 
It  contains  Lodi. 

Harrisvilie,  a  post-borough  in  Mercer  township,  But- 
ler CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Shcnango  A  Alleghany  Railroad,  about 
45  miles  N.  of  Pittsburg,  and  26  miles  S.W.  of  Oil  City. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  chairs,  ploughs, 
stoves,  Ac,  and  is  the  terminus  of  3  pipe-lines  for  oil. 
Pop.  352. 

Harrisvilie,  or  Harris  Mills, a  village  in  Coventry 
township,  Kent  co..  R.I..  on  the  Pawtuxet  Valley  Railroad, 
about  12  miles  S.W.  of  Providence.  It  has  4  churches,  3 
newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  woollen 
yarns,  and  machinery.     Pop.  574 


HAR 


1371 


HAR 


Ilarrisville,  a  village  in  Burrillville  township,  Provi- 
dence CO.,  R.I.,  on  the  Providence  &  Springfield  Railroad, 
21i  miles  N.W.  of  Providence.  It  has  manufactures  of 
woollen  goods.  Here  and  in  the  vicinity  are  4  churches. 
Pop.  005. 

Ilarrisville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bell  co.,  Tex.,  about  45 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Waco.     It  has  a  store. 

Ilarrisville, a  post-village  of  AVeber  co.,  Utah,  5  miles 
N.W.  of  Ogden,  and  3  miles  from  the  Wahsatch  Mountains. 
It  has  a  church. 

Ilarrisville  (post-office,  Ritchie  Court-House),  a  post- 
villii;;o,  capital  of  Ritchie  co.,  AV.  Va.,  on  the  North  Pork 
of  Hughes  River,  and  on  the  Pennsborough  it  Ilarrisville 
Railroad,  about  25  miles  (direct)  E.  of  Parkersburg,  and  1  or 
2  miles  S.  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad.  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  newspaper  office.  Asphaltum  and  petroleum 
have  been  exported  extensively  from  this  county.   Pop.  140. 

Ilarrisville,  a  post-village  of  Marquette  co.,  Wis.,  on 
the  Montello  River  (which  affords  much  water-power),  about 
25  miles  N.  of  Portage  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill, 
a  woollen-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Ilarr'mau's  (or  Ilar'man's)  Station,  a  post-office 
of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  iS 
Lafayette  Railroad,  40  miles  W.  of  Cincinnati. 

Har'rodsburg,  a  post-village  in  Clear  Creek  township, 
Monroe  co.,  Ind.,  on  Clear  Creek,  near  Ilarrodsburg  Station 
of  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  Railroad,  12  miles 
B.  of  Bloomington.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a 
newspaper  office,  washing-machine  factories,  <fec. 

Harrodsburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Mercer  co., 
Ky.,  is  situated  near  Salt  River,  on  the  Louisville  Southern 
Railroad,  about  32  miles  S.  of  Frankfort,  and  30  miles  S.W. 
of  Lexington.  It  has  mineral  springs  and  is  a  summer  re- 
sort, and  contains  a  court-house,  a  national  bank,  2  news- 
paper offices,  an  institution  called  Daughters'  College,  sev- 
eral churches,  and  manufactories  of  flour,  tobacco,  jean, 
whiskey,  <fec.  This  place  was  first  settled  in  1773,  and  is  said 
to  be  the  oldest  town  in  the  state.     Pop.  in  1890,  3230. 

Har'rod's  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  Louisville,  llarrod's  Creek  & 
Westport  Railroad,  8  miles  from  Louisville.    It  has  a  church. 

Ilar'rogate,  a  town  and  one  of  the  principal  water- 
ing-places of  England,  co.  and  27  miles  W.  of  York,  at  a 
railway  junction.  It  consists  of  two  villages.  High  and 
Low  Harrogate.  Here  are  numerous  hotels  and  boarding- 
houses,  several  churches,  a  hospital,  a  branch  bank,  theatres, 
libraries,  promenade-  and  assembly-rooms,  a  race-course, 
and  springs  of  chalybeate,  sulphur,  and  saline  waters. 
The  sulphur  well  has  been  used  since  the  end  of  the  seven- 
teenth contury^,  chiefly  in  cases  of  scrofula  and  cutaneous 
eruptions.     Pop.  6843. 

Ilar'rold,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  8  miles  N.W.  of 
Bedford.     Pop.  of  parish,  1042. 

Har'rold,  a  post-village  of  Hughes  co.,  S.D.,  42  miles 
by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Pierre.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  an 
academy,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  167. 

Harrold's  Cross,  Ireland.    See  Harold's  Cross. 

Ilar'row-on-the-Hill,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Middlesex,  finely  situated  on  the  summit  of  a  high  hill,  10 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  London.  It  contains  many  good 
houses,  ancient  and  modern,  and  has  a  picturesque  old 
church,  and  a  grammar-school,  one  of  the  most  famous  in 
England,  which  was  founded  by  John  Lyon,  a  wealthy 
yeoman,  in  1571.     Pop.  4997. 

Ilar'rowsmith,  or  Pike's  Corners,  a  post-village 
in  Frontenac  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  Kingston  &  Pembroke 
Railway,  IS  miles  N.W.  of  Kingston.     Pop.  300. 

Ilnrsany,  hjR'shon',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Bihar, 
9  miles  from  (IrosswardeiD.     Pop.  1200. 

Ilarsany,  Kis,  kish,  and  Nagv,  n5dj,  two  nearly  con- 
tiguous villages  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Baranya,  3  miles  from 
Siklos.    Pop.  of  Kis-Harsany,  470 ;  of  Nagy-IIarsany,  1330. 

Harseen,  or  Ilarsin,  han-scen',  a  village  of  Persia, 
in  Irak-Ajemee,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Kermanshah.     Pop.  1800. 

Ilarsefeld,  hau's?h-f4lt\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover, 
11  miles  S.E.  of  Stade,  on  the  Aue.     Pop.  1230. 

Harsewinkel,  hau's^h-*in'k?l,  a  village  of  Prussia, 
in  Westphalia,  26  miles  E.  of  Munster.     Pop.  1100. 

Ilar'shasville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co.,  0.,  in 
Oliver  township,  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Hillsborough. 

Harslia'ville,  a  post-village  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.,  in 
Ilanover  township,  about  30  miles  W.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has 
a  church. 

Ilarsh'barger,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Kansas. 

Harsh'mausville,  a  nost-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co., 
0.,  on  Mad  River,  and  on  the  railroad  between  Dayton  and 
Springfield,  6  mile.?  N.E.  of  Dayton.     It  has  a  flour-milL 


Hart,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Georgia,  bordering 
on  South  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  380  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  and  E.  by  the  Savannah  River. 
The  surface  is  hilly  or  uneven,  and  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests.  The  staple  products  are  cotton,  grass,  and 
Indian  corn.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Central  of  Georgia 
Railroad  and  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  both  of 
which  communicate  with  Hartwell,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
Pop.  in  1870,  6783;  in  1880,  9094;  in  1890,  10,887. 

Hart,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Kentuck}-,  has 
an  area  of  about  410  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
Green  River,  and  also  drained  by  Nolin  Creek.  The  surface 
is  diversified  with  rounded  or  conical  hills  of  moderate 
height,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is 
mostly  fertile.  Tobacco,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  Cavernous  limestone,  a  good  mate- 
rial for  building,  is  abundant  in  this  county,  and  several 
caves  are  found  in  it.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Louisville  & 
Nashville  Railroad,  which  communicates  with  Munford- 
ville,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,687;  in  1880,  17,133; 
in  1890,  16,439. 

Hart,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Oceana  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Hart  township,  on  the  South  Branch  of  the  Pentwater 
River,  about  34  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Muskegon,  and  4  miles 
E.  of  Mears  Station.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  2  banks,  4 
churches,  a  graded  school,  2  saw-mills,  a  flouring-mill,  a 
sash-factory,  and  a  broom-handle  factory.  It  is  a  great 
fruit-growing  section,  and  abounds  in  pine  lumber.  Pop. 
in  1890,  757;  of  the  township,  1841. 

Hart,  a  post-township  of  Winona  co.,  Minn.,  about  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Winona.     Pop.  945. 

Harta,  or  Kis  Ilarta,  kish  han'toh,  a  village  of  Hun- 
gary, CO.  and  56  miles  S.  of  I'esth,  on  the  Danube.    Pop.  2921. 

Harta,  or  Hartha,  haii'ti,  a  town  of  Saxony,  31  miles 
S.E.  of  Leipsic.     Pop.  2754. 

Hartenstein,  han't^n-stine^  a  town  of  Saxony,  near 
the  Mulde.     Pop.  2606. 

Ilart'field,  a  post-village  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.T., 
about  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Dunkirk.  It  has  a  church,  a 
tannery,  and  a  shingle-mill. 

Hart'ford,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Connecticut, 
bordering  on  Massachusetts,  has  an  area  of  about  770 
square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Connecticut  River, 
and  also  drained  by  the  Farmington,  Scantic,  and  Hocka- 
num  Rivers.  The  surface  is  hilly;  the  soil  is  mostly  fer- 
tile. The  valley  of  the  Connecticut  is  remarkable  for  the 
beauty  of  its  scenery  and  the  fertility  of  its  soil.  Tobacco, 
butter,  hay,  Indian  corn,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  has  important  manufactures  of  hardware,  paper, 
woollen  goods,  silk  goods,  fire-arms,  sewing-machines,  <tc. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  New  York  A  New  England,  New 
York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford,  Hartford  <fc  Connecticut 
Valley,  and  Central  New  England  <k  Western  Railroads, 
all  of  which  communicate  with  Hartford,  the  capital  of 
the  countv  and  also  of  the  state.  Pop.  in  1870,  109,007; 
in  1880,  125,382;  in  1890,  147,180. 

Hartford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sebastian  co.,  Ark.,  30 
miles  S.  of  Fort  Smith.  It  has  3  churches,  2  academies, 
and  manufactures  of  boots  and  shoes. 

Hartford,  a  noted  city,  the  capital  of  Connecticut,  and 
scat  of  justice  of  Hartford  co.,  was  permanently  settled  in 
1636  by  a  colony  of  one  hundred  persons  from  Cambridge, 
Mass.,  led  by  John  Hooker,  was  incorporated  as  a  city  in 
1784,  and  in  1873  became  sole  capital  of  the  state,  having 
previously  divided  that  honor  with  New  Haven.  It  is 
situated  upon  the  W.  bank  of  the  Connecticut  River,  at  the 
head  of  navigation,  50  miles  from  Long  Island  Sound,  and 
by  rail  1 1 2  miles  N.E.  from  New  York  and  1 1 7  miles  W.S.  W. 
from  Boston.  Lat.  41°  45' 69"  N.;  Ion.  72°  40' 45"  W.  Ter- 
ritorially, it  extends,  with  the  river  as  its  E.  boundary,  about 
five  miles  from  N.  to  S.  and  some  two  miles  back,  its  area 
being  10,570  acres  (16.5  square  miles).  Most  of  the  resi- 
dence portion  is  considerably  elevated  above  the  river  level, 
and  the  surface  is  somewhat  broken.  There  are  upwards 
of  800  streets  and  alleys,  some  of  which  run  parallel  with 
the  river  and  are  intersected  at  right  angles  by  those  pass- 
ing from  E.  to  W.,  while  others  are  very  irregular.  Main 
street  extends  from  the  N.  boundary  through  the  heart  of 
the  city.  On  this  street,  which  is  broad  and  several  miles 
in  length,  are  many  of  the  public  buildings  and  churches, 
and  also  a  large  number  of  the  retail  stores.  State  street 
extends  from  Main  street  to  the  river;  on  it  is  done  much 
of  the  wholesale  business ;  near  its  junction  with  Main 
street  it  divides  into  two  parts,  enclosing  the  public  square, 
in  which  are  the  new  post-office  and  the  old  state-house. 
Asylum  street  passes  westward  to  the  principal  railroad 
station,  and  is  the  seat  of  important  wholesale  and  retail 


IIAK 


1372 


IIAR 


buaincM.  Faotnj^  this  «troct  i«  the  city's  most  nttraotivo 
feature, — Bushncll  Pnrk, — which,  including  the  former  sito 
•f  Triuitj  College,  embrace!)  a  tract  of  about  50  acre^,  »ith, 
M  its  ccntrnl  figure,  upon  a  commiincjing  eminence,  the 
oapitol  or  state  huu»o,  built  of  white  marble  in  the  modern 
Gothic  ftylo.  This  biiildin;;  is  2'Jb  foot  long,  189  feet  deep, 
and  1'50  feet  in  height,  and  was  completed  for  oocui)anoy  in 
1878  at  a  cost  of  |2,5II0,00U.  Other  noteworthy  edifices 
•re  Trinity  College  buildings,  in  the  S.W.  part  of  the  otty ; 
the  Memorial  Arch,  nt  one  of  the  park  entrances ;  St. 
Joseph's  Cathedral,  consecrated  in  1892;  Ilosmor  Hail,  the 
home  of  the  Hartford  Theological  Seminary ;  the  high 
School,  the  post-office,  the  county  court-house,  the  Young 
Men's  Chri^itian  Association  building,  those  of  the  Phoe- 
nix, Hartford,  and  Exchange  banks  and  the  "Society  for 
Savings,"  while  the  insurance  interests  are  prominent  in 
the  massive  structures  of  the  Connecticut  Mutual  and  Mlna, 
Life,  the  Traveller's  Life  and  Accident,  and  the  Hartford, 
JEtna,  Connecticut,  Phoenix,  and  National  Fire  companies. 
Hartford  has  58  churches  and  chapels  (12  Congregational, 
9  Episcopal,  9  Baptist,  6  Methodist,  6  Roman  Catholic,  and 
others),  18  banks,  including  5  trust  companies,  4  savings- 
banks  and  several  private  banking  institutions,  Trinity 
College  (Episcopal),  founded  in  182:^,  the  Hartford  Theo- 
logical Institute,  and,  besides  an  excellent  public  school 
system,  a  large  number  of  private  schools  of  high  grade. 
It  has  a  free  public  library  of  36,000  volumes,  and  in  the 
■ame  building,  the  Wadsworth  Athen89um,  the  Watkinson 
free  reference  library  of  44,000  volumes;  besides  these  are 
the  libraries  of  Trinity  College  (34,000  volumes)  and  the 
theological  seminary  (45,000  volumes).  The  American 
Asylum  for  the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  founded  in  1816,  is  lo- 
cated here,  also  a  retrciit  for  the  insane,  a  large  hospital, 
old  people's  home,  orphan  asylum,  and  inebriate  asylum. 
Hartford  is  the  see  of  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop,  and  has  3 
convents  and  several  parochial  schools.  Four  daily  and  16 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here,  besides  a  number  of 
monthlies  and  quarterlies,  devoted  to  special  interests. 
More  capital  is  employed  in  tlio  insurance  business  in  this 
city  than  in  any  other  of  its  size  in  the  United  States.  It 
has  8  fire  insurance  companies,  with  aggregate  assets  of 
over  $30,000,000,  and  many  life  insurance  companies,  the 
assets  of  the  5  leading  ones  reaching  $125,000,000.  Its 
manufacturing  industries  give  employment  to  about  6000 
men  and  over  1500  women,  disburse  nearly  $4,000,000 
annually  in  wages,  and  turn  out  an  annual  product  of 
$14,500,000.  Fire-arms  (Colt's  pistols,  Gatling  guns,  &o.), 
steam-engines,  boilers,  bicycles,  sewing-machines,  hard- 
ware, machinists'  tools,  carriages,  silver-plated  ware,  type- 
setting machines,  belting,  envelopes,  and  pumps  are  among 
the  foremost  of  these.  A  large  amount  of  Hartford  capital 
is  invested  in  manufactories  at  CoUiosville,  Willimantic, 
South  Manchester,  Thorapsonville,  and  Windsor  Locks. 

Hartford  has  a  paid  fire  department,  an  electric  fire- 
alarm  and  police  telegraph,  and  a  water  supply  from  a 
system  of  six  reservoirs,  with  an  aggregate  capacity  of 
over  2,200,000,000  gallons,  with  an  auxiliary  supply  when 
needed  from  the  Connecticut  River,  obtained  by  powerful 
pumping  engines.  These  water-works  cost  about  $1,900,000. 
This  city  is  a  central  market  for  tobacco,  which  is  the  staple 
product  of  the  fertile  Connecticut  valley.  It  is  the  head 
of  steamboat  navigation,  and  communicates  with  New  York 
City  by  a  daily  line  of  steamboats.  It  is  also  the  port  of 
entry  for  the  customs  district  of  Hartford,  its  collections 
exceeding  $250,000  per  annum.  The  lines  of  the  New  York, 
New  Haven  &  Hartford  and  New  York  &  New  England 
Railroads  pass  through  the  city,  which  is  also  the  N.  termi- 
nus of  the  Valley  division  of  the  first-named  road,  the  S. 
terminus  of  the  Springfield  division  of  the  New  England, 
and  the  E.  terminus  of  the  New  England  division  of  the 
Reading  system,  formerly  the  Connecticut  Western.  Street 
railways  occupy  the  leading  thoroughfares,  and  connect  the 
city  with  East  Hartford,  Glastonbury,  Wethersfield,  and 
West  Hartford.  Pop.  in  1830,  9789;  in  1850,  13,555;  in 
1870,  37,743;  in  1880,  42,553;  in  1890,  5.3,230. 

Hartford,  a  village  of  Crawford  co.,  Ind.,  in  Sterling 
township,  about  38  miles  W.  of  New  Albany.  It  has  a 
church,  a  graded  school,  a  fiouring-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a 
barrel-factory.    P.  about  300.    Here  is  English  Post-Offico. 

Hartford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ohio  co.,  Ind.,  on  Laughery 
Creek,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Aurora.     It  has  a  church. 

Hartford,  a  post- village  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa,  in  Rich- 
land township,  about  16  miles  S.E.  of  Des  Moines,  and  1  or 
2  miles  S.  of  the  Des  Moines  River.  It  has  3  or  4  churches, 
a  ])ottery,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.     Coal  is  found  here.    Pop.  295. 

Hartford,  a  post-village  of  Lyon  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Neosho  River,  and  on  the  Neosho  division  of  the  Missouri, 


Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Emporia.  H 
contains  3  churches,  2  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded 
school,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  441. 

Hartford,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Ohio  co.,  Ky.,  on 
Rough  Creek,  4  miles  N.  of  Reaver  Dam  lUilroad  Station, 
and  about  95  miles  S.W.  of  Louisville.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  an  academy,  a  steam  saw-mill, 
and  a  steam  grist-mill.     Pop  in  1890,  740. 

Hartford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oxford  co..  Me.,  in  Hart- 
ford township,  on  the  Portland  A  Oxford  Central  Railroad, 
56  miles  N.  of  Portland.  It  has  a  tannery.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  996. 

Hartford,  a  post-village  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Hartford  township,  on  the  Paw  Paw  River,  and  on  th« 
Chicago  &  Michigan  Lake  Shore  Itailroad,  17  miles  N.E. 
of  Benton  Harbor,  and  15  miles  W.of  Paw  Paw.  It  has  5 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  baivk,  2 
grain-elevators,  a  planing-mill,  and  manufactures  of  staves. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1044;  of  the  township,  1789. 

Hartford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Todd  co.,  Minn.,  in  Hart- 
ford township,  20  miles  S.  of  Motley.    Pop.  of  township,  750. 

Hartford,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1583. 

Hartford,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co..  Mo. 

Hartford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  railroad  between  Camden  and  Mount  Holly,  5  miles  W. 
of  the  latter. 

Hartford,  or  North  Hartford,  a  post-village  of 
Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Hartford  township,  about  14  miles 
S.  of  Whitehall,  and  54  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Albany.  It  hiu 
2  churches  and  a  woollen-mill.  Pop.  about  300.  The  town- 
ship contains  South  Hartford  village,  and  a  pop.  of  1816. 

Hartford  (Buffalo  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of  Guernsey  co., 
0.,  in  Valley  township,  1  mile  from  the  Marietta,  Pittsburg 
&  Cleveland  Railroad,  and  about  10  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Cam- 
bridge.    It  has  2  churche.s,  a  flour-mill,  <tc. 

Hartford,  or  Crouton,  a  post- village  of  Licking  co., 
0.,  in  Hartford  township,  about  28  miles  N.N.E.  of  Colum- 
bus. It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  carriage- 
shop.  Hero  is  Croton  Post-Office.  Pop.  229  ;  of  the  town- 
ship,  1017. 

Hartford,  a  post-villnge  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  in  Hart- 
ford township,  about  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Youngstown.  It 
is  3  miles  S.  of  Burghill  Station  on  the  Atlantic  &  Great 
Western  Railroad.  It  has  3  churches,  and  an  academic  in- 
stitute. It  is  often  called  Hartford  Centre.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1314. 

Hartford,  a  post-village  in  Hartford  township,  Wind- 
sor CO.,  Vt.,  on  'Wnite  River,  about  1  mile  W.  of  the  Con- 
necticut River,  and  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad 
and  the  Woodstock  Railroad,  60  miles  S.  of  Montpelier. 
It  has  several  churches,  a  chair-factory,  and  manufactures 
of  boxes,  carriages,  and  farming-implements.  The  town- 
ship contains  two  other  villages, — White  River  Junction 
and  Quechee.     Total  pop.  3740. 

Hartford,  or  Hartford  City,  a  post-village  of  Ma- 
son CO.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  3  miles  above 
Pomeroy,  0.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  salt 
and  bromine.     Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  446. 

Hartford,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co..  Wis.,  on 
the  Rubicon  River,  37  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Milwaukee. 
It  has  6  churches,  2  saw-mills,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high 
school,  a  bank,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  plough-factory.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1296;  of  the  township,  1339. 

Hartford,  a  village  in  Yarmouth  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on 
the  sea-coast,  6  miles  from  Yarmouth.     Pop.  150. 

Hartford.  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Blackford 
CO.,  Ind.,  is  at  the  crossing  of  two  railroads,  47  miles  S.  by 
W.  of  Fort  Wayne,  and  58  miles  E.S.E.  of  Logansport.  It 
has  8  churches,  2  banks,  a  graded  school,  3  newspaper 
offices,  and  manufactures  of  washing-machines,  wimlDW- 
glass.  machinery,  stationary  engines,  hubs,  <tc.     Pop.  2287. 

Hartha,  a  town  of  Saxony.    See  Hahta. 

Harthau,  han'tCw,  a  village  of  Saxony,  on  a  railway, 
4  miles  S.  of  Chemnitz.     Pop.  1629. 

Harthau,  Gross,  groco,  and  Klein,  kline,  two  adjacent  . 
villages  of  Saxony,  circle  of  Bautzen,  about  17  miles  N.E.  f 
of  Dresden.     United  pop.  797. 

Har'thcgig,  a  po;jt-office  of  Mercer  co.,  Pa. 

Hart'lUgtoii,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cedar  co..  Neb., 
73  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Sioux  City.  It  has  5  churches, 
2  banks,  a  high  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  2  brick- 
yards.    Pop.  about  50O. 

Hart'laud,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Devon,  13  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Bideford.  It  has  a  large  church,  and  a  quay 
about  2  miles  distant,  on  the  Bristol  Channel.  Near  it 
is  Hartland  Abbey,  now  a  modern  mansion;  and  about  2 
miles  to  the  N.W.  is  Hautland  Point  (anc.  Her'culU  Pro- 


IIAR 


1373 


HAR 


monto'rium),  a  lofty  promontory,  foiming  the  S.  entrance  of 
the  Bristol  Channel,  in  lat.  51°  1'  N.  and  Ion.  4°  31'  W. 

Hart'land,  a  township  of  Hartford  co.,  Conn.,  on  the 
Massachusetts  line,  21  miles  N.W.  of  Hartford.  Pop.  789. 
It  contains  Hartland  Centre,  and  East  and  West  Hartland. 

Ilartland,  a  post-office  and  station  of  McHenry  co., 
111.,  in  Hartland  township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern 
Railroad.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1037. 

Hartland,  a  hamlet  of  AVorth  co.,  Iowa,  in  Hartland 
township,  28  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Mason  City.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  631. 

Hartland,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  co..  Me.,  in  Hart- 
land township,  on  the  Sebasticook  River,  at  the  outlet  of 
Moose  Pond,  about  40  miles  W.  of  Bangor.  It  contains  an 
academy,  3  churches,  a  door-,  sash-,  and  blind -factory,  a 
woollen-mill,  2  tanneries,  &c.     Pop.  of  the  township,  974. 

Hartland,  a  post-village  of  Livingston  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Hartland  township,  about  44  miles  N.W.  of  Detroit.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  union  school,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  money-order 
post-offioe.     Pop.  about  300}  of  the  township,  1105. 

Hartland,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Freeborn  co., 
Minn.,  in  Hartland  township,  on  the  Minneapolis  &  St. 
Louis  Railroad,  12i  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Albert  Lea.  It  has 
2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  600. 

Hartland,  a  post-village  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Hart- 
land township,  about  30  miles  N.E.  of  Buffalo,  and  8  miles 
N.E.  of  Lockport.  It  has  3  churches.  The  township  con- 
tains a  village  named  Johnson's  Creek.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 3235. 

Hartland,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Huron  co., 
0.,  about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Oberlin.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
saw-mill.     Pop.  953. 

Hartland,  a  post-village  of  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  in  Hart- 
land township,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  and  on  the  Cen- 
tral Vermont  Railroad,  30  miles  N.  of  Bellows  Falls.  It  has 
a  money-order  post-office,  2  churches,  2  grist-mills,  and  2 
manufactories  of  sash  and  blinds.     Pop.  of  township,  1710. 

Hartland,  a  township  of  Pierce  co.,  Wis.  Pop.  1170. 
It  contains  Esdaile. 

Hartland,  a  township  of  Shawano  co..  Wis.    Pop.  918. 

Hartland,  a  post- village  in  Delafield  township,  Wau- 
kesha CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  23  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Milwaukee.  It  is  near 
several  small  lakes.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Hart'land,  or  Becaguimec,  bSk'i'ghe^mck',  a  post- 
village  in  Carleton  co..  New  Brunswick,  on  the  St.  John 
River,  and  on  the  New  Brunswick  Railway,  61  miles  above 
Fredericton,  and  12  miles  N.  of  Woodstock.  It  contains  2 
stores,  a  hotel,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  400. 

Hartland  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hartford  co.. 
Conn.,  in  Hartland  township,  8  miles  N.  of  New  Hartford 
Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  town  hall. 

Hartland  Four  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windsor 
CO.,  Vt.,  in  Hartland  township,  2  miles  from  Hartland  Sta- 
tion.    It  has  a  church. 

Hartlepool,  har't?l-poor,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and 
19  miles  E.S.E.  of  Durham,  with  which  city  and  with 
Stockton  it  is  connected  by  railways.  It  is  situated  on  the 
S.  side  of  an  almost  insulated  promontory  on  the  North 
Sea,  and  has  some  fine  remains  of  feudal  fortifications,  a 
curious  church  in  the  early  English  style,  an  endowed 
school,  a  town  hall,  several  branch  banks,  a  chalybeate 
spring,  and  a  harbor  with  some  of  the  largest  docks  in 
England,  which  is  defended  by  strong  batteries.  It  has  a 
large  export  trade  in  coals,  and  imports  much  Baltic  prod- 
uce, wools,  and  other  staples.  It  belonged  to  the  Norman 
family  of  Brus,  or  Bruce,  until  the  thirteenth  century, 
when  by  their  accession  to  the  Scottish  throne  they  for- 
feited their  English  possessions.  Pop.  21,521,  West  Har- 
tlepool, 1  mile  W,,  on  the  North-Eastern  Railroad,  was 
founded  in  1847,  and  contains  a  custom-house,  several 
churches,  theatre,  athenxuin,  mechanic's  institute,  market- 
house,  and  extensive  docks  for  coal,  timber,  and  merchan- 
dise. It  has  an  active  trade  with  the  Baltic  ports  of 
piintzic  and  St.  Petersburg,  and  with  Hamburg,  Antwerp, 
Rotterdam,  <fec.  Chief  industries,  iron-ship-building,  iron- 
founding,  and  cement-making.  Pop.  in  1891,  42,492. 
,  Hartleton,  har't'l-t9n,  a  post-borough  of  Union  co., 
Pa.,  about  22  miles  W.  of  Sunbury,  and  1  mile  N.  of  the 
Lewisburg  Centre  &  Spruce  Creek  Railroad.  It  has  a  tan- 
nery, 3  stores,  2  churches,  and  a  steam  saw-mill.    Pop.  261. 

Hart'ley,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Northumberland, 
Qn  the  North  Sea,  4i  miles  by  rail  N.  of  North  Shields. 
It  has  an  excellent  harbor.     Pop.  1118. 

Hart'ley,  a  post-village  of  O'Brien  co.,  Iowa,  20  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Sheldon.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  and  a 
newspaper  office.    Pop,  519. 


Hartley,  a  post-office  of  York  co..  Pa. 

Hartley,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Montgomery  co, 
Tex.,  on  the  International  <fc  Great  Northern  Railroad. 

Hartley,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co.,  Ontario,  7i 
miles  N.  of  Cambray.     Pop.  150. 

Hartley  Hall,  a  post-office  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa. 

Hart'leyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  in 
Trimble  township,  17  miles  E.  of  Logan.   It  has  2  churches. 

Hart  Lot,  a  post-hamlet  in  Eldridge  township,  Onon- 
daga CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Auburn  Branch  of  the  New  York 
Central  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Skaneateles  Rail- 
road, 8  miles  N.E.  of  Auburn.  It  has  manufactures  of 
paper,  lime,  &c.     It  is  also  called  Skaneateles  Junction. 

JHart'man,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Columbia  co., 
Wis.,  on  the  Madison  &  Portage  Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of 
Portage  City. 

Hartmanitz,  hant'mi-nits%  a  village  of  Bohemia,  18 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Klattau.     Pop.  360. 

Hartmannsdorf,  haufmins-doRP,  a  village  of  Sax- 
ony, on  a  railway,  36  miles  S.E.  of  Leipsic.     Pop.  3069. 

Hart'man's,  a  station  in  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Frederick 
Junction. 

Hart'monsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mineral  co.,  W. 
Va.,  15  miles  S.  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad.  It  has 
a  church. 

Har'ton,  a  post- hamlet  of  Brookings  co.,  S.D.,  35  miles 
from  Canby,  Minn. 

Har'tranft,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Stony  Creek  Railroad,  2i  miles  N.E.  of 
Norristown. 

Hart'ridge,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Ga. 

Hart^ridgeville,  a  post-office  of  Emanuel  co.,  Ga. 

Harts,  a  post-office  of  Rowan  co.,  N.C. 

Harts'borough,  a  post-hamlet  of  Edgecombe  co., 
N.C,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Tarborough.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Harts'burg,  a  post-village  of  Logan  co..  111.,  in  Orvil 
township,  on  the  Pekin  Branch  of  the  AVabash  Railroad,  8 
miles  N.W.  of  Lincoln.     It  has  3  churches. 

Hartsburg,  a  hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  0.,  on  the  rail- 
road between  Tiffin  and  Fort  AVayne,  15  miles  S.  of  Defiance. 
It  has  a  manufactory  of  handles  for  axes,  <fcc. 

Harts'dale,  a  post-village  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Harlem  division  of  the  New  York  Central  &  Hudson 
River  Railroad,  20  miles  N.  of  New  York  City. 

Hart'sel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Park  co..  Col.,  on  the  Colo- 
rado Midland  Railway,  69  miles  AV.  of  Colorado  Springs. 

Hart'sell's,  a  post-village  of  Morgan  oo.,  Ala.,  11 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  New  Decatur.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
bank,  an  academy,  a  normal  school,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Pop.  596. 

Hart's  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y., 

now  SCHAGHTICOKE. 

Hart's  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0., 
about  44  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Cleveland.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  masonic  hall,  and  a  carriage-factory. 

Harts'hill,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  AA''arwick,  3i 
miles  N.W.  of  Nuneaton.     Pop.  1057. 

Harts'horn,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVadena  co.,  Minn.,  on 
the  Wing  River,  about  20  miles  E.  of  AV^adena. 

Hartshorn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alamance  co.,  N.C,  7 
mill's  S.AV.  of  Graham. 

Hart's  Island,  in  Long  Island  Sound,  is  a  part  of 
Rye  township,  AVestchester  co.,  N.Y.  It  was  employed  by 
the  United  States  for  hospital  and  other  military  purposes 
during  the  war  of  1861-65,  and  is  the  property  of  New  York 
City.     It  is  also  called  Spectacle  Island, 

Hart's  Mill,  a  post-namlet  of  Chautauqua  co.,  Kansas, 
on  Big  Caney  Creek,  about  13  miles  S.AV'.  of  Sedan.  It 
h,as  a  grist-mill. 

Hart's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co..  Wis.,  8  miles 
S.AV.  of  Kendall.     Here  is  a  saw-mill. 

Hart's  Road,  a  post-office  of  Nassau  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
Florida  Railroad,  12  miles  AV.  by  S.  of  Fernandina. 

Hart's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C. 

Harts'town,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  in 
AVest  Fallowfield  township,  3  miles  from  Evansburg  Rail- 
road Station,  and  about  15  miles  S.AV.  of  Meadville.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  188. 

Harts'ville,  a  post-village  of  Bartholomew  co.,  Ind., 
on  Clifty  Creek,  about  48  miles  S.S.E.  of  Indianapolis.  It 
has  3  churches  and  a  newspaper  office.  Here  is  Hartsville 
College,  which  w.as  organized  in  1851  and  is  under  the  di- 
rection of  the  United  Brethren.     Pop.  433. 

Hartsville,  a  post-village  in  New  Marlborough  town- 
ship, Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  about  36  miles  AV.  of  Springfield. 
It  has  a  church. 


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II A II 


llartsville,  Dutohoss  eo.,  KeirYork.    Boo  Mclldrook. 
Ilurtsville,  a  hamlet  of  Onumlaga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Man- 
Uui  township,  2  miles  from  Faycttoville. 

Ilartsviile,  a  toirn«hip  of  Stcubon  co.,  N.Y.    Pop. 
(C-t.     It  contain!)  the  hiimlut  of  Purdy  Crook. 
llnrtsvillc,  a  post-offieo  of  Walce  oo.,  N.C. 
Ilartsville,  a  pust-villa);e  of  Uuclcs  co.,  Pa.,  in  War- 
minster township,  on  the   Northeast   Ponnsylrania  RiiiU 
ron<l,  19  niilod  N.N.E.  of  I'biliidulpliia.     It  hiia  2  churches. 
Ilnrtsville,  a  post-office  of  Darlington  co.,  S.C. 
lltirtsviile,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Trousdale  co., 
Tcnn.,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Cumberland  River,  about  42 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Nashville.    It  has  several  churches,  a  grist- 
mill, a  newspaper  oflRce,  and  a  bunk.     Pop.  654. 

Hart'ville,  a  post-village,  cnpital  of  Wright  oo..  Mo., 
on  the  Gasconade  River,  near  its  source,  25  miles  B.  of 
Marshfleld,  and  about  44  miles  E.  of  Springfleld.  It  has  a 
court' house,  4  churches,  a  high  school,  a  bank,  district 
schools,  and  a  newspnpcr  office.     Pop.  about  500. 

Hartville,  a  post-village  of  Sturk  co.,  0.,  in  Lnke 
township,  12  miles  N.  of  Canton.  It  has  2  churches  and  2 
dry-goods  stores.     Pop.  about  400. 

Uart'well  a  post-villiige,  capital  of  Hurt  co.,  Qa.,  50 
miles  N.E.  of  Athens.  It  hns  3  churches,  a  high  school,  a 
bank,  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Hartweli,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Cincinnati,  Ilumilton  «t  Dayton  Railroad,  and  on  the  Cleve- 
land, Columbus  &  Cincinnati  Railro.-vd,  11  miles  N.  of 
Cincinnati.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  1507. 

Hart'wellville,  a  post-office  of  Shiawassee  co.,  Mich. 
Hnrtwellville^  Vermont.     See  IIeartwellvillk. 
Hart'wick,  a  township  of  Osceola  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  417. 
Hartwick,  a  post-villnge  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Ilart- 
Trick  township,  on  Otego  Creek,  about  68  miles  W.  of  Al- 
bany, and  8  miles  S.W.  of  Cooperstown.     It  has  3  churches, 
a  graded  school,  an  iron-foun<iry,  and  a  cheese-box  factory. 
Pop.  about  450.     The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
the  Susqueh.inna  River.    Pop.  1894. 

Hartwick  Seminary,  a  post  village  of  Otsego  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  5J  miles  S.  of  Coopers- 
town,  and  1  mile  AV.  of  Hartwick  SUition  of  the  Cooperstown 
A  Susquehanna  Valley  Railroad.  Here  is  the  Hartwick 
Theological  Seminary  (Lutheran),  which  was  organized  in 
1816.     The  village  has  a  church  and  about  20  houses. 

Hart'tvood,  a  post-office  und  stntion  of  Sullivan  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Monticello  &  Port  Jervis  Railroad,  8  miles  S. 
of  Monticello.     It  has  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  50, 
Hartwood,  a  post-office  of  Stafford  eo.,  Va. 
Ifartz,  a  range  of  mountains.     See  Harz. 
Har'vard,  a  thriving  post-villnge  of  McHenry  co.,  HI., 
in  Chemung  township,  is  finely  situated  at  the  intersection 
of  three  divisions  of  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad, 
63  miles  N.W.  of  Chicago,  28  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rockford, 
and  28  miles  S.E.  of  Janesvillo,  Wis.     It  hns  5  churches,  a 
malt-house,  railroad  repair-shops,   2  newspaper  offices,  a 
grist-mill,  and  mannfactures  of  farm-machinery,  wagons, 
carriages,  <tc.    Pop.  in  1890, 1967. 

Harvard,  a  post-village  in  Harvard  township.  Worces- 
ter CO..  Muss.,  on  the  Worcester  &  Nashua  Railroad,  25 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Worcester.  It  has  3  churches.  The  town- 
ship is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Nashua  River,  and  has 
picturesque  scenery.  Here  is  a  community  of  Shakers. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  in  1880,  1253;  in  189(1,  1095. 

Harvard,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co.,  Neb.,  is  near  the 
West  fork  of  the  Big  Blue  River,  81  miles  by  rail  W.  by  S. 
of  Lincoln,  and  46  miles  E.  of  Fort  Kearney.  It  has  5 
churches,  2  banks,  a  high  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and 
a  cheese-factory.    Pop.  1076. 

Harvard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
East  Branch  of  the  Delaware  River,  about  44  miles  E.  by 
S.  of  Binghamton.     It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  a  grist- 
mill, and  2  saw-mills. 
Harvard  University,  Mass.    See  Cambridge. 
Har'vel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co..   III.,  14 
miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Litchfield.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 
Har'vester  Works,  post-office,  Ramsey  co.,  Minn. 
Har'vey,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Kansas. 
Area,  840  square  miles.     It  is  intersected  by  the   Little 
Arkansas  River,  and  by  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6 
Railroad.     The  surface  is  mostly  level  ;  about  94  per  cent. 
of  it  is  prairie.     The  soil  is  fertile.    Indian  corn,  wheat, 
and  oats  are  the  sta))le  products.     Capital,  Newton.     Pop. 
in  1875,5406;  in  1878,  8107;  in   1880,  11,451;  in  1890, 
17,601. 

Harvey,  a  station  in  Marion  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Oskaloosa 
division  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad, 
10  miles  £.  of  Knoxville. 


Harvey,  a  township  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  406. 

Harvey,  a  township  of  Smith  co.,  Kansas.  Pop,  S4". 
It  contains  Cedarville. 

Harvey,  a  post-villago  in  Choeolay  township.  Mar- 
quctte  CO.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Superior,  3  or  4  miles  S.  of  Mar- 
quette.    It  has  an  iron-furniice  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Harvey,  a  township  of  Meeker  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  470. 

Harvey,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co..  Wis. 

Harvey,  a  post-village  in  Albert  co..  New  Brunswick, 
on  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  43  miles  S.S.E.  of  Salisbury.     P.  150. 

Harvey,  Now  Brunswick.     See  Harvkv  Station. 

Harvey  Hill  Mines,  a  post-villago  in  Megantio  co., 
Quebec,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Leeds.  It  contains  productive 
copper-mines.     Pop.  200. 

Harvey's,  a  station  on  the  Columbus  A  Indiana  Central 
Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Cambridge  City,  Ind. 

Harvey's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co..  Pa.,  about  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Har'veysbur;;,  a  post-villnge  of  Fountain  co.,  Ind., 
13  miles  S.  of  Covington,  and  about  40  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Terre  Haute,  li  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  furni- 
ture-tactory. 

Harveysburg,  a  post-village  in  Massio  township, 
Warren  co.,  0.,  on  Caesar's  Creek,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Corwin 
Station,  and  about  40  miles  N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  6 
churches  and  a  mineral  spring.     Pop.  402. 

Harvey's  Mills,  a  post-otfice  of  Dallas  co.,  Iowa. 

Harvey's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Va.,  6 
miles  S.  of  Front  Royal.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Harvey  Station,  a  post-village  in  York  co..  New 
Brunswick,  20  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Fredericton  Junction 
(Blissville).     Pop.  200. 

Harvey's  Wharf,  a  post-office  of  Northumberland 
CO.,  Pa. 

ilar'veyville,  a  post-office  of  Wabaunsee  co.,  Kansas. 

Httrveyville,  a  post-villago  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  in 
Huntington  township,  7  miles  N.AV.  of  Shickshinny.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Har'viell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad  (Arkansas  di- 
vision), 8  miles  S.  of  Poplar  Bluff.  It  has  2  churches,  2 
general  stores,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  drug-store. 

Har'wcll,  a  station  in  Giles  co.,  Tcnn.,  on  the  Nashville 
&  Decatur  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Pulaski. 

Harwich,  hir'ridj,  a  seaport  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Essex,  on  a  point  of  land  at  the  estuary  of  the  Stour,  10 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Manningtrco.  The  chief  buildings  are 
the  town  hall,  jail,  custom-house,  theatre,  assembly-rooms, 
baths,  grammar-school,  and  a  handsome  modern  church. 
The  harbor  is  among  the  best  on  the  E.  coast  of  England, 
and  is  defended  by  a  strong  fort  and  battery.  Some  ship- 
building is  carried  on,  and  the  town  is  a  resort  for  sea- 
bathing. It  has  large  manufactures  of  cement.  It  is  of 
Sa.xon  origin,  and  was  incorporated  in  1318  by  Edward  II. 
Harwich  sends  a  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Pop. 
6079.  The  name  Harwich  is  derived  from  two  Saxon  words, 
— here,  signifying  "  army,"  and  wic,  a  "  fortification." 

Har'wich,  a  post-villago  of  Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Harwich  township,  and  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad  (Cape 
Cod  division),  84  miles  S.E.  of  Boston.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  savings-bank,  and  a  national  bank. 
It  is  partly  supported  by  the  fisheries  and  the  culture  of 
cranberries.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  tho 
Atlantic  Ocean.  It  has  6  churches,  and  contains  other  vil- 
lages, named  Harwichport  and  South  Harwich.  Pop.  of  tbd 
township  in  1890,  2734, 

Har'wich,  or  MacKay's  Corners,  a  post-village  iri 
Kent  CO.,  Ontario,  9i  miles  S.  of  Thamcsville.     Pop.  100. 

Har' wichport',  a  post-village  of  Barnstable  co.,  Mass.j 
in  Harwich  township,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  2  miles  from 
Harwich  Centre  Station,  and  about  48  miles  E.  of  Ke# 
Bedford.     It  has  a  church. 

Har'winton,  a  post-village  in  Harwinton  township^ 
Litchfield  co..  Conn.,  about  22  miles  W.  of  Hartford.  Th« 
township  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Naugatuck  Rirer,^ 
and  has  a  pop.  of  1044. 

Uar'wood,  a  post-township  of  Champaign  co..  111., 
with  a  station  on  the  Havana,  Rantoul  &  Eastern  Railroad, 
4  miles  E.  of  Rantoul.     Pop.  of  township,  779. 

Harwood,  a  post-office  of  Highland  co.,  0. 

Harwood,  a  post-villago  of  Gonzales  co.,  Tex.,  on  th* 
Galveston,  Harrisburg  &  San  Antonio  Railroad,  20  mile! 
E.  of  Kingsbury,  and  13  miles  N.  of  Gonzales.  It  has  • 
msisonic  hall  and  3  stores. 

Har'wood ,  a  post-village  in  Northumberland  co.,  On- 
tario, on  Rice  Lake,  and  on  the  Cobourg,  Peterborough  Jf 
Marmora  Railway,  16  miles  N.  of  Cobourg.    It  has  com' 


EAR 


1375 


HAS 


munication  by  steamer  with  Peterborough  and  other  ports, 
and  contains  a  saw-mill,  2  stores,  and  2  hotels.     Pop.  400. 

Ilar'wood  Island^  a  post-oflSce  and  steamboat-land- 
ing of  Chicot  CO.,  Ark.,  on  the  Mississippi  Kiver. 

Ilarz,  or  Hartz,  hants  (anc  Syl'va  Hereyn'ia),  a 
mountain-system  of  Northwest  Germany,  mostly  between 
lat.  51°  35'  and  51°  57'  N.  and  Ion.  10°  10'  and  11°  30'  E. 
With  its  ramifications  it  is  estimated  to  cover  1350  square 
miles  between  the  Elbe  and  the  Weser.  Its  culminating 
point  is  the  Brocken,  lat.  61°  48'  11"  N.,  Ion.  10°  35'  30" 
E.,  3740  feet  above  the  sea,  N.W.  of  which  are  several  other 
heights,  of  little  less  elevation.  Its  geological  composition 
is  granite,  overlaid  by  graywacke  and  clay  slate,  and  it 
affords  a  great  amount  of  lead,  besides  much  iron,  and  some 
copper,  arsenic,  sulphur,  and  silver.    See  Brocken. 

ilarzburg,  haBts'booRG,  a  village  of  Germany,  grand 
duchy  and  27  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Brunswick. 

Harzdorf)  haRts'douf,  Alt,  ilt,  and  Neu,  noi,  two 
nearly  contiguous  villages  of  Bohemia,  about  3  miles  from 
Rachenberg.     United  pop.  2959. 

Harzgerode,  hants'gh^h-roM^h,  a  town  of  Anhalt,  18 
miles  S.  of  Halberstadt.  Pop.  2761.  It  is  enclosed  with 
walls,  and  has  an  old  castle.  Near  it  are  silver-works, 
vitriol-works,  iron-mines,  the  baths  of  Alexisbad,  and  the 
ruined  castle  of  Ileinrichsberg. 

Hasa,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  the  river  Haase. 

Hasan-Dagh,  his'sS,n-dig\  or  Hasan-Tag,  a 
mountain  of  Asia  Minor,  68  miles  S.W.  of  Argaeus,  and  85 
miles  N.E.  of  Konieh.  It  is  8000  feet  in  elevation,  and  of 
volcanic  structure. 

Hasanee,  Hasani,  Hassanee,  Ilassani,  his'- 
i'nee\  or  Hassan,  his'sin^  an  island  of  the  Red  Sea, 
near  its  E.  coast,  about  100  miles  N.AV.  of  Yembo.  Lat. 
25°  4'  N.;  Ion.  37°  14'  E.     The  population  are  Bedouins. 

Hasan  Kaleh,or  Hassan  Kaleh,h&s'8&n^  k&'l^h, 
a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  on  the  Aras,  20  miles  E.  of 
Erzroom. 

Hasara,  Asia.     See  Astor. 

Has'ara,  or  Has'ra,  a  town  of  Bengal,  district  and 
12  miles  S.W.  of  Dacca.     Pop.  5707. 

Has'brouck,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Fallsburg  township,  on  the  Neversink  River,  about  32 
miles  N.  of  Port  Jervis.  It  has  2  lumber-mills,  a  grist- 
mill, and  about  24  houses. 

Hase,  a  river  of  Germany.    See  Haase. 

Hasek,  hi'sSk,  a  seaport  town  of  Arabia,  in  Hadra- 
maut,  on  its  S.E.  coast,  opposite  the  Curia  Muria  Islands. 

Has'elton,  a  post-village  of  Mahoning  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Mahoning  River,  and  on  the  Lawrence  Railroad,  2  miles 
S.E.  of  Youngstown.  It  has  a  brick-yard  and  2  furnaces 
for  pig-iron. 

Haseliinne,  hS,'z§h-liin'n?h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Hanover,  on  the  Haase,  8  miles  E.  of  Meppen.     Pop.  1785. 

Hasenpoth,  h4'z?n-p6t\  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Cour- 
land,  27  miles  N.E.  of  Libau.     Pop.  3344. 

Hash'my's  Islands  (native,  Mokor),  a  group  of  five 
low  islands  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  in  lat.  5°  42'  N.,  Ion.  153° 
6'  E.,  connected  by  coral  reefs,  and  forming  a  lagoon  in- 
side. They  are  about  15  miles  in  circumference,  and  are 
covered  with  cocoanut-trees. 

Hash'uqua,  a  post-village  of  Noxubee  co..  Miss.,  16 
miles  W.  of  Shuqualak.     It  has  a  church. 

Hasikee,  Hasiki,  h&'se-kee\  or  Haski,  h&s'kee, 
the  westernmost  of  the  Curia  Muria  Islands,  off  the  S. 
coast  of  Arabia,  in  lat.  17°  27'  16"  N.,  Ion.  55°  40'  49"  E. 

Has'kell,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Texas.  Area,  900 
square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Brazos  River,  and 
also  drained  by  the  Clear  Fork  of  that  river.  Capital, 
Haskell.     Pop.  in  1880,  48;  in  1890,  1665. 

Haskell,  a  post-ofiSce  and  station  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind., 
at  the  crossing  of  two  railroads,  17  miles  S.  of  Michigan 
City.    It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Haskell,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Haskell  co.,  Tex., 
about  140  miles  (direct)  W.  by  N.  of  Fort  Worth.  It  has 
4  churches,  2  banks,  a  newspaper  ofiice,  <fec.     Pop.  745. 

Haskell  Flats,  a  post-office  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y. 

Has'kins,  a  post-village  of  AVood  co.,  0.,  near  the 
Maumee  River,  17  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Toledo.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  243. 

Has'kinville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y., 
about  4fi  miles  N.W.  of  Elmira.     It  has  a  church. 

Haslach,his'liK,  a  river  of  Germany,  isanaflSuent  of 
the  Rodach,  in  Franconia. 

Haslnch,  a  town  of  Upper  Austria,  on  the  Miihl,  22 
miles  N.W.  of  Lintz.     Pop.  1693. 

Haslach,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the  Kinzig,  16  miles 
S.E.  of  Oflenburg.    Pop.  1682. 


Haslach,  hls'lAK,  Hohen,  ho'^n,  Mittel,  mit't?l,  and 
NiEDEU,  nee'd^r,  are  contiguous  villages  of  WUrtemberg, 
circle  of  Neckar.     United  pop.  1215, 

Hasle,  his'l^h,  a  maritime  town  of  Denmark,  on  the 
W.  coast  of  the  island  of  Bornholm.     Pop.  423. 

Haslemere,  hd'z?l-meer,  a  town  and  parish  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  Surrey,  8  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Godalming. 
Pop.  1049. 

Has'lett's,  a  township  of  Gates  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  946. 

Hasli,his'lee,  Ober-IIasli,o'b§r-his'lee,  orHasli- 
im-WeissIand,  h&s'lce-im-wiss'lint,  a  bailiwick  in 
Switzerland,  canton  of  Bern,  comprehending  all  the  upper 
part  of  the  Aar  valley,  resting  on  the  Grimsel,  and  tho 
glacier  of  the  Aar  from  its  sources  to  the  Lake  of  Brienz. 
It  is  surrounded  by  the  loftiest  masses  of  the  Bernese  Alps. 
It  is  noted  for  its  natural  beauties;  among  its  cascades  are 
those  of  the  Reichenbach,  Gentbach,  Handeokfall,  Gelmer- 
bach,  Ac.     Pop.  6700. 

Has'lin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Beaufort  co.,  N.C,  in  Pan- 
tego  township,  80  miles  E.S.E.  of  Tarborough. 

Haslingden,  hUs'ling-d^n,  a  market-town  and  chap- 
elry  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  8  miles  by  rail  N.  of 
Bury.  It  has  manufactures  of  cotton,  also  foundries  and 
coal-mines.     Pop.  7698. 

HasMington,  a  chapelry  of  England,  co.  of  Chester,  on 
the  Manchester  <fc  Nantwich  Railway,  2  miles  E.  of  Crewe. 
Pop.  1539. 

Has'Ium,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Macon  <fc  Brunswick  Railroad. 

Hasparren,  hia'paR^RfiN"',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Basses-Pyr€n6es,  11  miles  S.  of  Bayonne.     Pop.  1573. 

Haspres,  hisp'r,  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  8  miles 
S.W.  of  Valenciennes.     Pop.  2779. 

Hasra,  a  town  of  India.    See  Hasaba. 

Hassan,  h9.s'sin\  a  town  of  India,  in  Mysore,  60  miles 
N.AV.  of  Seringapatam. 

Has'san,  a  post-township  of  Hennepin  co.,  Minn.,  on 
Crow  River,  about  24  miles  N.AV.  of  Minneapolis.     P.  664. 

Hassan,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co.,  0. 

Hassan  Abad,  his'sin^  i-bid'  ("abode  of  Hassan"), 
a  village  of  Persia,  province  of  Irak-Ajemee,  10  miles  S.E. 
of  Kasbin. 

Hassan  Aga,  his'sin^  fl'gi,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor, 
near  the  Lake  of  Aboolonia,  AV.  of  Brusa. 

Hassan  Batrik,  his's&n^  bil-treek',  a  town  of  Asia 
Minor,  24  miles  N.AV.  of  Malateeyah. 

Hassani,  or  Hassanee.    See  Hasanee. 

Hassan  Kaleh,  Turkey.     Sec  Hasan  Kaleh. 

Hassan  Oghlan,  his'sin^  og-lin',  a  town  of  Asm 
Minor,  17  miles  E.  of  Angora. 

Hassan  Pasha  Palanka,  h8,s's3,n^  pi'shi*  pi-l4n'- 
ki,  a  village  of  Servia,  27  miles  S.  of  Semcndria. 

Hassard,  haz'zard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ralls  co..  Mo.,  ou 
tho  Missouri,  Kansas  <t  Texas  Railroad,  19  miles  W.S.AV. 
of  Hannibal. 

Hasself'elde,  his's^l-ffird^h,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Brunswick,  8  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Blankenburg.     Pop.  2419. 

Hasselt,  h3,s's?lt,  a  town  of  Belgium,  capital  of  tho 
province  of  Limbourg,  on  the  Demer,  at  a  railway  junction, 
16  miles  AV.N.AV.  of  Maestricht.  Pop.  11,361.  It  is  well 
built,  and  has  manufactures  of  linen  fabrics,  lace,  and  to- 
bacco, .with  gin-distilleries. 

Hasselt,  hils's^lt,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Overyssel,  6i  miles  N.  of  ZwoUe.     Pop.  2440. 

Hasselt,  one  of  the  Loffoden  Islands,  in  Norway. 

Hasser,  a  town  and  fort  of  India.    See  Aseerghdr. 

Hassfurt,  hiss'foont,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Lower 
Franconia,  on  the  Main,  20  miles  by  rail  N.AV.  of  Bam- 
berg.    Pop.  2500. 

Ilassleben,  h4ss'ld-b?n,  a  village  of  Saxe- Weimar,  17 
miles  N.W.  of  AVeimar,  on  the  Gera.     Pop.  1315. 

Hassloch,  hiss'loK,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Bavaria,  on 
the  railway  from  Mannheim  to  Homburg,  15  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Landau.    It  has  coal-works  and  several  mills.    Pop.  6069. 

Hassmersheim,  hiss'm^rs-hlme^  a  village  of  Baden, 
on  the  Neckar,  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Heidelberg.     Pop.  1623. 

Hastenbeck,  his't?n-b5k\  a  village  of  Prussia,  in 
Hanover,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Hameln.     Pop.  400. 

Hastings,  has'tings,  a  borough  of  England,  and  one 
of  its  Cinque  Ports,  co.  of  Susses,  on  the  English  Channel, 
at  the  E.  termination  of  the  South  Coast  Railway,  33  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Brighton,  and  also  connected  by  branches  of 
railway  with  London,  Dover,  Tunbridge,  kc.  The  town 
lies  mostly  in  a  hollow,  surrounded,  except  on  tho  S.,  by 
clifls,  and  consists  of  two  principal  streets ;  many  of  the 
squares  and  terraces  are  remarkably  elegant.  Among  the 
public   buildings   are  2   ancient  parish  churches,   a  fine 


HAS 


1376 


HAT 


modern  ehuroh,  a  grammar-sohool,  a  town  hall,  a  Jail,  ous- 
torn-house,  union  workhouae,  aasembly-rooms,  some  oxoeU 
lent  hotoU,  bnthii,  libraries,  a  fort,  and  the  rouiains  of  a 
oastio  in  which  William  the  Conqueror  lodged  nrcvious  to 
the  buttlu  uf  Uaftings.  The  town  formerly  had  an  exton- 
■ir«  trade,  but  is  now  chiefly  noted  as  a  bathing-plaoe. 
Fisheries  and  boat-building  employ  many  hands.  It  sends 
two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons.  William  the  Con- 
queror landed  near  it,  and  the  decisive  battle  of  Hastings 
was  fought  in  1066,  7  miles  N.W.  of  the  town.  (See 
Baitli.)     Pop.  in  1881,  42,250  ;  in  1891,  52,340. 

HastingSt  b&s'tings,  a  post-village  of  Mills  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Nishnabatona  River,  and  on  the  Burlington  Jc 
Missouri  River  Railroad,  16  miles  E.  of  Ulenwood.  It  has 
2  churches,  2  banks,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  322. 

Hastings,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Barry  eo.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Thornapple  River,  S2  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Uraud 
Rapids,  and  about  40  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Lansing.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house,  a  national  bank,  a  state  bank,  6 
churches,  a  union  school,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  felt-boot 
factory,  a  furniture-factory,  a  halter-factory,  a  chair-  and 
table-factory,  a  flouring-mill,  2  or  3  saw-mills,  and  manu- 
factures of  sodh,  blinds,  &o.  The  river  affords  motive- 
power  at  this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  2972. 

Hastings,  a  city  and  railroad  terminus,  the  capital  of 
Dakota  co.,  Minn.,  is  situated  on  the  right  or  S.W.  bank  of 
the  Mississippi  lliver,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Vermilion  and 
about  2  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  St.  Croix  River.  By 
railroad  it  is  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  St.  Paul,  21  miles  N.W. 
of  Red  Wing,  and  41  miles  E.  of  Shakopce.  It  is  on  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  the  trains  of 
which  road  cross  the  Mississippi  here  on  a  bridge.  Hast- 
ings contains  a  court-house,  II  churches,  a  high  school,  a 
national  bank,  1  other  bank,  3  flour-mills,  a  roller-mill, 
a  malt-house,  a  starch-factory,  several  machine-shops, 
steam  saw  mills,  manufactures  of  furniture,  beer,  cigars, 
wagons,  fanning-mills,  sash,  blinds,  <&c.,  and  printing- 
offices  issuing  1  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers.  The  Ver- 
milion River  here  affords  abundant  water-power.  Pop.  in 
1890,  3705. 

Hastings,  a  city  and  railroad  centre,  capital  of  Adams 
CO.,  Neb.,  97  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Lincoln.  It  has 
churches  of  all  denominations,  several  banks,  a  court-house, 
an  asylum  for  the  insane,  a  beet-sugar  factory,  a  pickle- 
factory,  a  wire-  and  picket-fence  factory,  a  bridge-works,  3 
brick-yards,  <feo.     Pop.  13,684. 

Hastings,  a  post-village  in  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Syracuse  Northern  Railroad,  24  miles  N.  of  Syracuse,  and 
about  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Oswego.  It  has  2  churches.  The 
township  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Oneida  River,  and 
contains  villages  named  Central  Square  and  Caughdenoy. 

Hastings,  or  Hastings  upon  Hudson,  a  post- 
village  in  Greenburg  townsihip,  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Hudson  River,  opposite  the  Palisades,  and  on  the  Hud- 
son River  Railroad,  20  miles  N.  of  New  York.  It  has  5 
churches,  steam  marble-works,  and  the  Hastings  Commer- 
cial and  Collegiate  Institute.  Pop.  about  1500.  Marble- 
quarries  have  been  opened  near  this  place.  The  name  of 
its  post-ofiScc  is  Hastings  upon  Hudson. 

Hastings,  a  post-office  of  Richland  co.,  0. 
Hastings,  a  pust-borough  of  Cambria  co.,  Pa.,  about  8 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  La  Jose.     It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  coal-mines. 

Hastings,  has'tings,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of 
Ontario,  has  an  area  of  2337  square  miles.  It  is  traversed 
by  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway.  Gold  is  found  in  it.  Chief 
town,  Belleville.     Pop.  in  1891,  59,229. 

Hastings,  Hastings  co.,  Ontario.  See  Madoc. 
Hasting's,  or  Crook's  Rapids,  a  post-village  in 
Peterborough  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  river  Trent,  24  miles  E. 
of  Peterborough,  and  25  miles  N.  of  Colborne.  It  has  unsur- 
passed water-power,  large  cotton-,  woollen-,  and  flour-mills, 
2  iron-foundries,  about  15  stores,  and  3  hotels.    Pop.  900. 

Hastings,  has'tings,  a  river  of  New  South  Wales,  the 
entrance  to  which  is  Port  Macquarie,  192  miles  N.E.  of 
Sydney.     Lat.  31°  25'  45"  S. ;  Ion.  152°  53'  54"  E. 

Hastings  Centre,  a  post-hamlot  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Hastings  township,  on  the  Syracuse  Northern  Railroad, 
20  miles  N.  of  Syracuse.     It  has  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  150. 
Hastings  upon  Hndson.    See  Hastings. 
Hasty,  has'te,  a  post-office  of  Gratiot  co.,  Mich. 
Haszprunka,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  IIausbrunh. 
Hatborough,  hat'bur-rilh,  a  post-borough  of  Mont- 
gomery CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Northeast  Pennsylvania  Railroad, 
16  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.     It  has  2  churches,  an  acad- 
emy, a  newspaper  office,  a  national  bank,  and  a  public 
library  of  7500  volumea.  i 


Hatch^echub'bee,  a  post-hamlot  of  Russell  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  Mobile  &,  Girard  Railroad,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Colum- 
bus, Ga. 

Hntch'cr's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Quitman  co., 
Ga.,  on  the  Southwestern  Railroad,  8  miles  8.E.  of  George- 
town.    It  has  a  church. 

Hatch'et  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Clay  oo.,  Ala. 

Hatchet  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Alachua  co.,  Pla. 

Hatch  Hol'low,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co..  Pa.,  in 
Amity  township,  4  miles  N.  of  Union.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  saw-mill. 

Hatchie  (batch'ee)  or  Big  Hatchie  River  rises 
in  Prentiss  co..  Miss.,  and  after  a  short  course  passes  into 
West  Tennessee.  It  runs  northwestward  through  Harde- 
man CO.  and  nearly  westward  through  Haywood  co.,  and 
enters  the  Mississippi  River  at  Randolph,  Tipton  co.  Its 
length  is  estimated  at  200  miles.  It  is  said  to  be  navigabl* 
for  more  than  100  miles. 

Hatch's  Uend,  a  post-office  of  Lafayette  co.,  Fla. 

Hatch's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind. 

Hatch's  Ranch,  post-office,  San  Miguel  co.,  New  Mex- 

IIatch'villc,a  post-hamlet  of  Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Falmouth  township,  3  miles  E.  of  North  Falmoutli  Station. 

Hat  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Campbell  co.,  Va.,  about 
28  miles  S.E.  of  Lynchburg. 

Hat  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Laramie  co.,  Wyoming, 
150  miles  from  Cheyenne.     It  has  a  brewery. 

Hat'ficld,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  6i  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Hertford,  at  a  railway  junction.  It  has  a  handsome 
church,  and  a  princely  mansion,  the  seat  of  the  Marquis  of 
Salisbury.     Pop.  of  parish,  3998. 

Ilut'ficid,  a  post-office  of  Pike  oo.,  Ivy. 

Hatfield,  a  post-village  of  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  In 
Ilatfiold  township,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Connecticut  River, 

4  miles  N.N.E.  of  Northampton,  21  miles  N.  of  Springfield, 
and  2  miles  E.  of  Hatfield  Station  of  the  Connecticut  River 
Railroad.  It  has  a  church  and  an  endowed  academy.  The 
township  contains  also  North  Hatfield  and  a  pop.  of  1600. 

Hatneld,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co..  Mo. 

Hatfield,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Hatfield  township,  on  the  North  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  25 
miles  N.  of  Philaidelphia.     It  has  2  churches,  a  sash-factory, 

5  general  stores,  a  wagon-shop,  and  a  steam  flour-mill. 
Pop.  about  400;  of  the  township,  1512. 

Hatfield,  a  post-offico  of  Logan  co.,  W.  Va. 

Hatfield,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Wis.,  on  the 
Green  Bay  &  Minnesota  Railroad,  at  Tremont  Station,  34J 
miles  W.  of  Grand  Rapids. 

Hatfield,  a  station  of  Jackson  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  Green 
Bay  &  Minnesota  Railroad,  40  miles  W.  of  Grand  Rapids. 

llnth'away,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co.,  Tenn. 

Hathaz,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  IIadhaz.  '  II 

Ilath'erleigh,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Devon,  91>-  H 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Torrington.     Pop.  of  parish,  1684.  ■" 

Ilatia,  an  island  of  Bengal.    See  IIattia. 

Hatien,  hiHee-ixo',  the  most  southwesterly  province 
of  French  Cochin  China,  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Gulf 
of  Siam,  and  on  the  S.E.  by  the  China  Sea,.  It  extends 
from  the  frontiers  of  Cambodia  on  the  N.W.  in  a  S.S.E. 
direction,  and  terminates  in  the  promontory  and  capo  of 
Cambodia.  The  chief  crops  are  rice,  sugar-cane,  betel,  mul- 
berry, areca,  and  cocoanuts.  Pop.  117,362.  The  capit.al, 
Cancao  (which  soe),  is  sometimes  called  Hatien  or  Hatiau. 

Hat'ley,or  Charleston, also  called  East  Hatley, 
a  post-village  in  Stanstcad  co.,  Quebec,  5  miles  N.E.  of 
Ayer's  Flats.     Pop.  300. 

Hatloe,  hSt'lo^?h,  an  island  of  Norway,  63  miles  N.  of 
Bergen.     Length  and  breadth,  about  4  miles. 

Hato  Viejo,  i'to  ve-4'Ho,  a  town  of  tho  United  State* 
of  Colombia,  state  of  Cundinamarca,  lat.  6°  22'  N.,  Ion. 
75°  38'  W.,  between  4000  and  5000  feet  above  sea-level. 

Hatra,  the  ancient  name  of  Al-IIadhr. 

Hatras,  hi'tris',  a  town  of  India,  district  of  Alighur, 
25  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Coel,  with  a  fort  and  a  cotton-market 
Pop.  3.3,100. 

Hatria,  an  ancient  name  of  Adria. 

Hatria  Picena,  an  ancient  name  of  Atri. 

Hatschvie,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Gottschee. 

Hattem,  hit't?m,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Qol- 
derland,  3  miles  S.S.W.  of  Zwolle.     Pop.  2843. 

Hatten,  hit't6N»',  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  8 
miles  S.  of  Weissenburg.     Pop.  1750. 

Hattenheim,  hit't§n-hime\  a  village  of  Prussia,  on 
the  Rhine,  9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Wiesbaden.     Pop.  1172. 

Hat'teras,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dare  co.,  N.C.,  in  Hat- 
teras  township,  on  Hatteras  Island.     Pop.  of  township,  673. 

llatteras,  Cape.    See  Capb  Hatteras. 


HAT 


1377 


IIAU 


Ilattershcim,  h4t't?rs-hlme\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Hesse-Nassau,  on  the  Rhine,  2  miles  W.S.W.  of  Elfeld,  on 
the  Taunus  Railway. 

Ilattia,  or  Ilatia,  hit'tee'S,,  an  island  of  Bengal,  at 
the  mouths  of  the  Ganges  and  Megna,  15  miles  in  length 
and  10  miles  in  breadth.  In  1876  the  island  was  submerged 
by  a  cyclone,  and,  out  of  a  population  of  54,147,  30,000 
persons  were  reported  to  have  been  destroyed. 

Hattieville,  hat'tee-vll,  a  post-office  and  station  of 
Barnwell  co.,  S.C.,  on  the  Port  Royal  Railroad,  32  miles 
S.E.  of  Augusta,  Ga. 

Hattingcn,  hit'ting-?n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  West- 
phalia, 38  miles  W.  of  Arnsberg,  on  the  Ruhr.  It  has 
manufactures  of  hardware  and  woollen  goods.     Pop.  6682. 

Ilattorf)  hit'touf,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Uanover,  a 
few  miles  N.  of  Ilerzberg.     Pop.  1780. 

Ilattville,  Prescott  co.,  Ontario.     See  Plantagenet. 

llatvan,  h5tVon',  a  town  of  Ilungarj',  co.  of  Ileves, 
30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  4018. 

Hatzeg,  hCt^zdg',  or  Ilotzing,  hot'zing',  a  town  of 
Transylvania,  10  miles  S.  of  Ilunyad.     Pop.  1100. 

Ilatzfeld,  hlts'fSIt,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Hesse,  on 
the  Eder,  6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bicdenkopf.     Pop.  985. 

Ilatzfeld  (Hun.  Zaombohj,  zhom'bol'),  a  town  of  Hun- 
gary, in  Torontal,  22  miles  W.N.W.  of  Temesvar.     P.  6889. 

Ilauboardin,  ho^booiiM4>-<»',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Nord,  4  miles  by  rail  S.AV.  of  Lille.  It  is  the  seat  of  varied 
manufactures.     Pop.  4054. 

Ilaubstadt,  bob'stat,  a  post-village  of  Gibson  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Evansvillo  &  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  17  miles  N.  of 
Evansville.  It  has  a  church,  a  high  school,  a  flour-mill, 
and  manufactures  of  barrels,  ploughs,  and  wagons.  Pop. 
about  500. 

Haiight's  (hawts)  Store,  a  post-village  of  Dallas  co., 
Tex.,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Mesquite  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  steam-mill,  Ac, 

Haughville,  haw'vil,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Ind., 
2  miles  N.W.  of  Indiana])olis.  It  has  4  churches,  malleable- 
iron-works,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  2144. 

Ilaugsdorf,  or  Gross  Ilaugsdorf,  groce  hSwgs'- 
doRf,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria,  on  the  Pulkau,  30  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Korneuburg.     Pop.  1825. 

lIaui«Haui,  a  town  of  China.     See  Howi-Howe. 

Haukivesi,  how'ke-vi'see,  a  lake  of  Finland,  lasns  of 
Kuopio  and  Viborg,  22  miles  in  length  by  10  miles  in  breadth, 
having  the  town  of  Nyslott  at  its  S.  extremity. 

Ilaukivori,  how'ke-vo'ree,  a  village  of  Finland,  67 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Kuopio. 

IlaulbOAVline,  Ireland.     See  Hawlbowlixe. 

Ilaulchin,  horsh^N"',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Ilainaut, 
10  miles  S.E.  of  Mons,     Pop.  1200. 

Ilaunsdorf,  howns'donf,  Ober,  o'b^r,  and  Nieder, 
nee'dgr,  two  nearly  contiguous  villages  of  Prussia,  in 
Silesia,  50  miles  S.S.W.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  2087. 

Ilaunstetten,  hSwn'stJtH^n,  a  village  of  Bavaria, 
circle  of  Swabia,  4  miles  S.S.E.  of  Augsburg.     Pop.  1193. 

Haunted  (hawn't^d)  House,  a  station  in  Orange  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  New  Jersey  Midland  Railroad,  3i  miles  S.  of 
Middletown. 

Hauppange,  hop'pog,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Islip  and  Smithtown  townships,  3  miles  N.  of  Cen- 
tral Islip  Station,  and  about  42  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Brooklyn. 
It  has  a  church,  3  stores,  and  about  40  houses. 

Hauptwyl,  or  Hauptweil,  hCwpt'^il,  a  village  of 
Switzerland,  IJ  miles  S.E.  of  Bischofszell.     Pop.  1335. 

Haupur,  a  town  of  India.     See  Hapoor. 

Hauran,  a  district  of  Syria.     See  Haooran. 

Hausach,  how'ziK,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the  Kinzig, 
A.  miles  E.  of  Haslach.     Pop.  1276. 

Ilausberge,  hows'b5ii-gh?h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  West- 
phalia, 4  miles  S.  of  Minden,  on  the  Weser.     Pop,  1329. 

Uausbrunn,  hows'broSn,  or  Haszprunka,  a  village 
of  Hungary,  co.  of  and  26  miles  from  Presburg.     P.  1450. 

Hausen,  how'z^n  {i.e.,  "  houses"),  the  name,  or  part  of 
the  name,  of  many  villages  in  Germany  and  Switzerland. 

Hansen,  Ober,  o'b^r,  and  Unter,  oSn't^r,  two  villages 
of  Baden,  on  the  Rhine,  W.  of  Ettenheim ;  the  former  with 
2397  and  the  latter  with  1164  inhabitants. 

Hau'sertown,  a  post- village  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Marion  township,  about  28  miles  E.S.E.  of  Terre  Haute. 

Hausruck  (howss'rSSk)  Mountains,  in  Upper  Aus- 
tria, separate  the  basins  of  the  Inn  and  Ager. 

Haussa,  a  territory  of  Africa.     See  HoussA. 

Haussy,hos'see',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  10  miles 
E  N.E.  of  Cambrai,  on  the  Selles,     Pop.  3333. 

Hautefort,  hot'foR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Dordogne, 
21  miles  E.N.E.  of  Pdrigueux.     Pop.  1777. 


Haute- Garonne,  hot-gdVonn'  ("Upper  Garcnne"), 
a  department  of  France,  on  the  frontiers  of  Spain.  Area, 
2529  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1886,  481,169.  Surface  very 
elevated  in  the  S.,  where  it  borders  on  the  highest  part  of 
the  Pyrenees,  the  contreforts  of  which  cover  a  considerable 
part  of  the  department.  Chief  rivers,  the  Garonne  and  ita 
affluents.     The  Canal  du  Midi  traverses  the  department  for 

26  miles.  The  principal  mines  are  of  lead,  copper,  coal, 
antimony,  iron,  and  zinc;  excellent  marble  is  produced,  and 
there  are  numerous  mineral  springs  and  salt  marshes.  Cereal 
grain  and  wine  are  raised  much  beyond  consumption,  and 
form  the  chief  articles  of  export.  Lint,  hemp,  tobacco,  and 
oranges  are  grown.  An  active  transit  trade  is  carried  on 
with  Spain.  Capital,  Toulouse.  The  department  is  divided 
into  the  arrondissements  of  Saint-Gaudens,  Muret,  Tou- 
louse, and  Villefranche-de-Lauraguais. 

Haute>Ile,  hot-eel,  or  Hare  Island,  a  small  island 
of  Canada,  in  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Capo 
Chignecto. 

Haute«Loire,  hOt-lwaR  ("  Upper  Loire"),  a  depart- 
ment in  the  S.E.  part  of  France,  formed  of  a  portion  of  the 
old  province  of  Languedoc.  Area,  1900  square  miles.  Pop. 
in  1886,  320,063.  Surface  elevated  and  mountainous,  trav- 
ersed on  the  E.  by  the  Cevenncs,  and  on  the  W.  by  the 
mountains  of  Margerides,  which  unite  the  Cevennes  with 
the  mountains  of  Auvergne,  and  on  the  S,  by  the  Forci 
Mountains.  Many  of  these  are  volcanic ;  culminating  point, 
Mont  Mezin,  in  the  C6venncs,  5794  feet.  The  department 
is  entirely  situated  in  the  basin  of  the  Loire,  by  which,  with 
its  affluents,  it  is  watered.  The  soil  is  poor,  and  agriculture 
is  in  a  backward  state.  AVine  is  raised  in  small  quantity 
and  of  an  inferior  quality.  Cattle-rearing  is  an  important 
branch  of  industry.  Silk-worms  are  extensively  reared. 
Chief  mineral  products,  coal,  antimony,  gypsum,  building- 
stone,  and  potter's  clay.  Capital,  Le  Puy.  The  department 
is  divided  into  the  arrondissements  of  Brioude,  Le  Puy,  and 
Yssingeaux. 

Haute-Luce,  hSt-liiss,  a  village  of  France,  in  Savoy, 
11  miles  N.E.  of  Conflans.     Pop.  1271. 

Haute-Marnc,  hot-mann  ("Upper  Marne"),  a  de- 
partment of  France,  in  the  N.E.  part  of  the  old  province 
of  Champagne.  Area,  2385  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1886, 
247,781.  Chief  river,  the  Marne,  which,  as  well  as  the 
Meuse  and  the  Aube,  rises  in  the  department.  It  is  trav- 
ersed in  the  E.  and  S.  by  the  mountains  which  separate  the 
Meuse  and  Rhone,  united  by  the  plateau  of  Langres  in  the 
N.E.  This  department  has  some  of  the  most  important  iron- 
mines  in  France.  Chief  industries,  mining  and  forging  of 
iron,  cutlery,  cotton-spinning,  and  weaving.  Capital,  Cbau- 
mont.  It  is  divided  into  the  arrondissements  of  Chaumont, 
Langres,  and  Vassy. 

Ilauterive,  hot^reev',  a  village  of  France,  in  Drome, 

27  miles  N.N.E.  of  Valence.     Pop.  448. 
Hautc-Rivoire,  hot-reeVwan',  a  village  of  France, 

in  Rhone,  34  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lyons,     Pop,  1764. 

Ilautes-Alpes,  hStz-ilp  or  hOt-ilp  ("Upper  Alps"), 
a  department  of  France,  forming  part  of  the  S.E.  of  Dau- 
phin6  and  a  small  part  of  Provence.  Area,  2114  square 
miles.  Pop.  in  1886,  122,924.  Like  the  department  of 
Basses-Alpes,  it  is  covered  almost  throughout  by  enormous 
masses  of  mountains,  several  of  which  are  among  the  loftiest 
of  the  Alpine  range.  Mount  Pelvoux  is  in  this  department, 
and  its  culminating  peak,  called  the  Pointes  des  Arsincs  or 
des  Ecrines,  is  13,442  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Capi- 
tal, Gap.  It  is  divided  into  the  arrondissements  of  Gap, 
Brianfon,  and  Embrun. 

Haute-Saone,  hot-son  ("Upper  SaSne,"),  a  depart 
ment  in  the  N.E.  of  France,  formed  of  part  of  the  old  prov  ■ 
ince  of  Franche-Comtfi,  Areii,  2028  square  miles.  Pop.  in 
1886,  290,954.  Surface  mountainous  in  the  N.E.,  where  it 
is  covered  by  ramifications  of  the  Vosges  Mountains ;  it  is 
watered  by  the  Saone  and  its  numerous  affluents.  The 
soil  is  fertile ;  one-third  of  the  department  is  covered  Avith 
forests,  which  supply  excellent  timber  for  the  marine.  The 
minerals  comprise  iron  and  coal,  and  it  has  many  mineral 
springs ;  those  of  Luxeuil  are  much  frequented.  Chief  in- 
dustries, mining  and  the  manufacture  of  glass,  china,  cloths, 
straw  hats,  and  kirsehwasser.  Capital,  Vesoul.  It  is  di- 
vided into  the  arrondissements  of  Gray,  Lure,  and  Vesoul. 

Haute- Savoie,  hot-s&Vwi'  ("Upper  Savoy"),  a  de- 
partment in  the  S.E.  of  France,  bounded  on  the  N.  and  E. 
by  Switzerland,  and  having  the  Lake  of  Geneva  on  its  N. 
border.  Area,  1659  square  miles.  It  is  an  Alpine  region, 
containing  Mont  Blanc  and  other  high  mountains.  It  has 
considerable  mineral  wealth,  but  much  of  its  surface  is  in- 
arable.  Capital,  Annecy.  It  is  divided  into  four  arron- 
dissements.   Pop.  in  1886,  275,018. 


HAU 


1378 


HAV 


IIautes>Pyr6n6es»  hOt-peeVi'ni'  ("Upper  Pyro- 
ktoi"),  a  frontier  dopArtmonI  of  Franco,  composed  of  pivrt 
>f  the  old  province  of  (ia.-<cony.  Area,  1730  square  iiiiloa. 
Pop.  In  1880,  234,825.  Sarfooe  oorered  by  the  rmnifications 
ef  the  Pyrenees,  enclosing  several  fine  valleys.  The  Adour 
and  its  attiuonts,  the  Arros  and  the  Gave  de  Pan,  rise  in  the 
departinont.  The  minora!  springs  of  the  Bngndros,  Bar- 
rdget),  and  Cautorots  are  mucn  frequontod.  The  soil  ia  fer- 
tile in  the  valleys,  but  the  grain-crop  is  insuffioiont  for  the 
Wants  of  the  population.  The  chief  manufactures  are  those 
of  woollen  stuas,  crape,  g'lass,  leather,  do.  Iloro  are  quar- 
Hes  of  marble  and  mines  of  copper,  cobalt,  iron,  and  zinc. 
Capital,  Turbos.  Tho  dopartraont  is  divided  into  tho  arron- 
disdcinonts  of  Argelds,  Bagndros,  and  Tarbes. 

Haute- Vienne*  hOt-ve-Snn'  ("Upper  Vienne"),  a 
department  of  France,  in  the  N.W.,  formed  of  parts  of  the 
old  province  of  Limousin.  Area,  2118  square  miles.  Pop. 
in  1888,  363,182.  Surface  traversed  by  mountains,  tlie 
principal  chain  of  which  separates  the  basins  of  the  Loire 
and  Garonne;  highest  point  (Lo  Puy  de  Vieus),  3200  feet 
in  elevation.  Tho  soil  is  infertile.  Horses,  cattle,  and  sheep 
are  extensively  reared.  The  minerals  comprise  tin,  load, 
copper,  coal,  and  porcelain-olay.  Chief  manufactures,  por- 
eeiain,  cutlery,  and  paper.  Capital,  Limoges.  The  depart- 
ment is  divided  into  tho  arrondissomcntsof  Limoges,  Bellac, 
Rochochouart,  and  Saint-Yriei.x. 

Ilautcvillc,  hOtVeol',  tho  name  of  several  villages  of 
France,  the  principal  being  IIauteville-  (or  IIautte- 
VII.LK-)  LA-GniCHAnD,  hotVeel'-ll-ghce'shaB',  8  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Coutances,  and  tho  original  residence  of  Tan- 
orod,  tho  founder  of  the  Norman  dynasty  in  South  Italy. 

Hauterillers,  hotVee^yaiii',  a  village  of  Franco,  de- 
partment of  Marno,  12  miles  S.  of  Reims.     Pop.  886. 

Ilautraont,  ho^miN-"',  a  village  of  Prance,  in  Nord,  at 
a  railway  junction,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Maubeugc.  It  has 
manufactures  of  glass-ware  and  nails.     Pop.  6180. 

Ilauto,  ho'to,  a  station  on  tho  Nesquohoning  Valley 
Railroad,  9  milos  W.  of  Mauch  Chunlt,  Pa. 

Ilautrage,  hoHrlzh',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
of  llainaut,  9  miles  W.  of  Mons.     Pop.  1550. 

liaut-Ilhin,  ho-r&N<"  ("  Upper  Rhine"),  a  frontier  de- 
partment of  France,  in  1871  retrocoded  for  the  most  part 
to  Gormany,  in  which  empire  it  forms  a  part  of  Upper  Alsace. 
Tho  remaining  portion  was  named  tho  "  territory  of  Belfort," 
but  in  1878  the  name  Ilaut-Rhin  was  restored.  Present 
area,  232  square  miles.  Capital,  Belfort.  Pop.  68,600.  It 
now  has  but  one  arrondissemcnt,  that  of  Belfort. 

Ilauville,  hiiVeel',  a  town  of  France,  in  Euro,  11  miles 
E.N.K.  of  Pont-Audemer.     Pop.  1391. 

Havana,  ha-van'a,  or  The  Havan'nah  (Sp.  La  Ifa- 
bana,  li  i-B^'niV,  formerly  Carenas,  lii-rA'nis;  Fr.  La  Ha- 
vane,  \i.  hiVin' ;  It.  Avana,  5,-v4'ni),  the  capital  city  of 
the  island  of  Cuba,  on  its  N.  coast.  Lat.  of  the  Morro,  23° 
»'  4"  N. ;  Ion.  82°  22'  W.  Pop.  about  230,000,  of  whom  one- 
seventh  were  formerly  free  colored  and  one-eighth  slaves. 
It  stands  on  the  W.  side  of  a  harbor  capable  of  hold- 
ing 1000  large  ships,  which  can  anchor  close  to  its  quays. 
Tho  entrance  is  defended  by  the  Morro  and  Punta  castles,  by 
a  strong  citadel,  and  by  the  walls  enclosing  the  city  proper, 
and  is  separated  bj-  a  fosse  on  the  land  side  from  its  arsenal 
and  the  suburbs  of  Salud,  Guadalupe,  &o.,  in  which  nearly 
half  of  the  population  reside.  Principal  edifices,  a  Roman 
Catholic  cathedral,  believed  to  contain  tho  remains  of  Co- 
lumbus, governor's  house,  admiralty,  general  post-office, 
royal  tobacco-factory,  and  the  Casa  real  de  benejicencia  (a 
charitable  institution).  The  city  has  numerous  churches, 
convents,  and  schools,  a  university  with  medical  and  law 
schools,  museum  of  natural  history,  school  of  painting, 
economic  and  education  society,  printing-establishments, 
newspapers,  theatres,  a  dock-yard,  and  a  botanic  garden. 
The  cigars  made  at  Ilavana  have  universal  celebrity ;  it  has 
also  manufactures  of  chocolate,  woollen  fabrics,  and  straw 
hats,  and  is  the  most  important  commercial  city  in  the  West 
Indies.  The  chief  articles  of  export  are  sugar,  tobacco, 
cigars,  molasses,  bees'-wax,  and  honey.  The  imports  are 
corn,  flour,  rice,  provisions,  cotton  goods,  timber,  wines, 
and  sillcs.  The  trade  is  chiefly  with  the  United  States, 
Great  Britain,  Spain,  France,  and  Germany;  but  a  consid- 
erable import  of  slaves  from  Africa  is  still  clandestinely 
maintained.  Steamers  ply  constantly  between  Havana  and 
New  York,  New  Orleans,  Philadelphia,  and  Baltimore.  It 
is  connected  with  the  towns  in  the  interior  by  railways.  It 
is  a  bishop's  see,  and  the  seat  of  the  colonial  authorities. 
Havana  was  founded  by  Velasquez  in  1511,  on  what  was  then 
called  the  Port  of  Carenas. 

Havan'a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hale  eo.,  Ala.,  5  miles  E, 
of  Stewart's  Station.     It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy. 


Havana,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Mason  co..  111.,  in 
Havana  township,  on  the  E.  bank  of  tho  Illinois  River, 
opposite  the  mouth  of  the  Spoon  River.  It  is  38  miles  by 
rail  W.N.W.  of  Lincoln,  1 1  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Lewiston, 
46  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Springfield,  and  40  miles  by  rail 
S.W,  of  Peoria.  It  contains  a  court-house,  6  churches,  3 
newspaper  ofRees,  a  high  school,  2  banks,  a  machine-shop, 
and  a  flour-niill,  and  hus  miinufactures  of  carringos,  cigars, 
ploughs,  clothing,  grnin-drills,  metal  roofing,  bricks,  4o. 
Pop.  in  1890,  2525;  of  the  township,  3510. 

Havana,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  oo.,  Kansas,  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Independence.    It  has  a  store. 

Havana,  or  Havanna,  a  posl-uSice  and  station  of 
Steele  co.,  Minn.,  in  Havana  township,  on  the  Winona  it; 
St.  Peter  and  Iowa  &  Minnesota  Railroads,  5  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Owatonna.  The  township  has  2  churches.  Pop.  in 
1890,  791. 

Havana,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gentry  co.,  Mo.,  on  Grand 
River,  about  44  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Joseph.  It  has  a  flour- 
mill  and  a  drug-store. 

Havana,  a  post-village  of  Schuyler  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Cath- 
arine Creek,  in  Montour  township,  and  on  the  Northern 
Central  Railroad,  19  miles  N.  of  Elmirn,  and  3  miles  S. 
of  Watkins.  It  contains  6  churches,  a  national  bank,  the 
Cook  Academy,  an  iron-foundry,  a  wheelbarrow-factory, 
a  grain-cradle  factory,  steam-engine-works,  3  newsp.nper 
ofiices,  and  a  carriage-factory.  Pop.  in  1890, 1751.  Catlia- 
rine  Creek  flows  through  a  deep  narrow  valley  between  hills 
nearly  500  feet  high.  Here  are  magnetic  springs,  and  a 
remarkable  ravine,  called  Havana  Glen,  which  is  visited 
by  multitudes  of  tourists. 

Havana,  a  post-village  of  Huron  co.,  0.,  in  Norwich 
township,  on  tho  Sandusky,  Mansfield  &  Newark  Railroad, 
23  miles  S.  of  Sandusky.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  manu- 
factory of  furniture. 

Havanna,  Hale  co.,  Ala.    See  Havana. 

Havanna,  Cuba.    See  Havana. 

Hav'ant,  a  market  town  of  England,  co.  of  Hants, 
on  Langston  Harbor,  with  stations  on  the  South  Coast  and 
Southwestern  Railways,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Portsmouth. 
Pop.  2634. 

Have,  or  Le  Have,  l?h  hiv,  a  harbor  of  Nova  Scotia, 
on  its  S.E.  coast,  at  the  mouth  of  tho  Have  River,  48 
miles  S.W.  of  Halifax. 

Haveeza,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Hawef.za. 

Havel,  hi'v^l,  a  river  of  North  Germany,  rises  in  the 
small  lake  of  Kiibelick,  in  Mccklenburg-Strelitz,  and  joins 
the  Elbe  at  Ilavelberg.     Length,  180  miles. 

Haveiberg,  h4'v§l-b6nG\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Bran- 
denburg, 4  miles  N.  of  Sandau,  on  an  island  in  the  Havel. 
It  has  a  ship-yard,  a  distillery,  and  manufactures  of  stock- 
ings and  beer.     Pop.  6908. 

Havelland,  ha'vel-lilnt,  a  district  of  Prussia,  in  the 
W.  part  of  Brandenburg,  consisting  of  the  two  circles  of 
East  Havelland  (area,  475  square  miles;  pop.  71,515)  and 
West  Havelland  (area,  527  square  miles ;  pop.  73,994).  The 
river  Havel  bounds  it  on  the  E.,  S.,  and  W. 

Hav'elock,  a  post-village  of  Cook  co.,  111.,  at  Rose  Hill 
Station  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  8  miles 
N.  of  Chicago.  It  is  also  called  Lake  View.  Here  is  Rose 
Hill  Cemetery. 

Havel  ock,  a  township  of  Chippewa  co.,  Minn.     P.  80. 

Hav'elock,  or  New  Tus'ket,  a  post-village  in  Digby 
CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Tusket  River,  and  on  tho  Annap- 
olis &  Yarmouth  Railway,  35  miles  from  Annapolis.  It 
has  2  churches,  2  stores,  and  many  saw-mills.     Pop.  500. 

Havelock,  Pontiac  co.,  Quebec.     See  Brvson. 

Ha'ven,  a  post-office  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa. 

Haven,  a  post-township  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Arkansas  River.     Pop.  463. 

Haven,  a  post-township  of  Sherburne  co.,  Minn.  P.  119, 

Ha'vensport,  a  hamlet  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Ohio  Canal,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Columbus.     Pop.  83, 

Hav'erfbrd,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  about  9  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Phila- 
delphia. The  surface  is  undulating.  Milk  is  the  staple 
product  of  the  farms.  The  township  contains  4  churches, 
several  cotton-mill?,  and  grist-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  1733. 

Haverford,  formerly  Haverford  College,  a  post 
village  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Rail 
road.  Its  station  is  9  miles  W.N.W.  from  Broad  Street  Sta- 
tion, Philadelphia.  Here  is  Haverford  College,  which  is 
under  the  direction  of  the  Orthodox  Friends  and  is  richly 
endowed.  It  was  founded  in  1833,  and  has  a  library  of  8750 
volumes.     It  is  lociited  in  a  park  of  75  acres. 

Hav'erford-West,  or  Hwlfordd,  hool'forrH,  a  bor- 
ough, and  county  of  itself,  of  Wales,  capital  cf  the  co.  of 


IIAV 


1379 


HAW 


Pembroke,  on  the  Cleddy,  opposite  Prendergast,  8  miles 
by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Milford.  It  has  3  parish  churches,  a 
grammar-school,  a  guild  hall,  county  jail,  custom-house, 
hospital,  lunatic  asylum,  workhouse,  the  remains  of  a 
castlo  built  by  Gilbert  de  Clare,  first  Earl  of  Pembroke,  and 
a  dock-yard,  with  quays  admitting  vessels  of  100  tons  at 
spring-tides.  Cattle,  butter,  oats,  and  hard  coal  are  ex- 
ported. Imports,  timber,  coal,  and  groceries.  The  borough 
unites  with  Fishguard  and  Narberth  in  sending  one  mem- 
ber to  the  House  of  Commons.     Pop.  6622. 

Haverhill,  hav'§r-il,  a  town  of  England,  cos.  of  Essex 
and  Suffolk,  at  a  railway  junction,  6i  miles  AV.  of  Clare. 
Pop.  2451. 

Haverhill,  ha'v§r-il,  a  city  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  is 
situiited  on  the  left  or  N.  bank  of  the  Merrimac  River, 
about  IS  miles  below  Lowell.  It  is  33  miles  N,  of  Boston 
by  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad,  which  here  crosses  the 
river,  and  6  miles  N.E.  of  Lawrence.  A  bridge  over  the 
river  connects  this  city  with  Bradford.  Haverhill  contains 
about  17  churches,  5  national  banks,  a  high  school,  a  city 
ball,  a  public  library,  gas-works,  and  printing-oflSces  which 
issue  2  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers.  Here  are  e-xtensive 
manufactures  of  boots  and  shoes,  hats,  caps,  bricks,  and 
flannel.  The  manufacture  of  boots  and  shoes  is  the  prin- 
cipal business  of  the  place,  and  employs  about  10,000  men 
and  women.  The  river  is  navigable  to  this  town,  which  is 
nearly  18  miles  from  the  ocean.  Pop.  in  I860,  9995;  in 
1870,  13,092;  in  1880,  18,472;  in  1890,  27,415. 

Haverhill,  a  post-village,  one  of  the  capitals  of  Graf- 
ton CO.,  N.U.,  is  on  the  Connecticut  River,  in  Haverhill 
township,  and  on  the  Boston,  Concord  &  Montreal  Rail- 
road, 84  miles  N.N.W.  of  Concord.  It  contains  a  court- 
house, an  academy,  2  churches,  a  newspaper  ofiice,  and  a 
paper-mill.  The  township  contains  also  North  Haverhill 
and  Woodsville.     Total  pop.  in  1890,  2545. 

Haverhill,  a  post-village  of  Scioto  co.,  0.,  in  Green 
township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  20  miles  above  Ports- 
mouth.    It  has  a  church,  genenil  stores,  <tc. 

Hav'erstraw,  formerly  Warren,  a  post-village  of 
Rockland  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Haverstraw  township,  on  the  AV. 
bank  of  the  Hudson  River  (here  called  Haverstraw,  or  Tap- 
pan,  Bay),  35  miles  N.  of  New  York,  and  6  miles  below 
Peekskill.  It  contains  6  churches,  an  academy,  2  banks,  3 
newspaper  offices,  a  public  school,  a  feed-mill,  electric-light- 
and  water- works,  <tc.  It  has  extensive  manufactures  of 
bricks,  brick-machines,  and  baskets.  A  steamboat  plies 
between  this  place  and  New  York  and  between  Newburg 
and  Haverstraw.  Pop.  in  1890,  5170.  The  township  is 
partly  occupied  by  steep  and  rocky  peaks  of  the  Ramapo 
Mountains. 

Havilah,  hav'i-la,  a  post-village  of  Kern  co.,  Cal.,  is 
near  the  Kern  River,  about  100  miles  (direct)  N.  of  Los 
Angeles.     Gold  is  found  hero. 

Hav'iland  Hollow,  a  post-ofiSce  and  valley  of  Put- 
nam CO.,  N.Y. 

Hav'ilandsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  Ky., 
10  miles  S.  of  Falmouth.     Pop.  30. 

Hav'irdsville,  a  post-office  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C. 

Haviza,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Haweeza. 

Havr6,  hd^-ri',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  5 
miles  E.  of  Mons.     Pop.  2000. 

Havre,  or  Le  Havre,  l§h  hlv'r,  formerly  Le  Havre 
de  Grace  (Fr.  pron.  hi'v'r  d§h  griss  or  3,'v'r  d?h  griss; 
L.  Por'tus  Gra'tiie,  "  haven  of  grace"),  a  city  and  seaport 
of  France,  in  Seine-Inf6rieure,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  es- 
tuary of  the  Seine,  at  its  entrance  into  the  English  Chan- 
nel, 143  miles  AV.N.AV^.  of  Paris,  with  which  it  is  connected 
by  railway.  Lat.  49°  29'  16"  N.;  Ion.  0°  6'  9"  E.  It  is 
surrounded  by  ramparts  and  lofty  walls  crowned  by  a  par- 
apet and  adorned  by  a  finely-planted  alley.  The  fortifica- 
tions are  very  extensive  and  complete,  rendering  it  a 
fortress  of  the  first  class.  The  harbor  has  five  vast  basins, 
not  including  the  outer  port.  The  most  remarkable  build- 
ings are  the  church  of  Notre  Dame,  the  hall  of  exchange, 
the  arsenal,  custom-house,  the  hOtel-de-ville  (city  hall),  a 
magnificent  edifice,  2  theatres,  barracks,  and  2  light-houses 
on  Cap  de  la  Heve.  Elegant  villas  cover  the  slopes  of  In- 
gouville,  which  may  be  considered  as  a  suburb  of  the  town. 
The  principal  institutions  are  a  school  of  navigation,  a 
school  of  geometry  as  applied  to  the  arts,  a  public  library, 
a  museum,  and  a  lyceum.  The  manufixctures  consist  of 
Bteam-engines,  glass-ware,  cotton  goods,  flour,  linen,  earthen- 
and  stoneware,  paper,  lace,  oil,  refined  sugar,  cables,  and 
cordage.  There  are  also  breweries,  and  numerous  brick- 
and  tile-works.  A  government  tobacco-factory  employs 
600  workmen ;  and  from  the  building-yards  a  great  number 
of  sailing-vessels  and  steamers  are  fitted  out.    The  harbor 


of  Havre,  one  of  the  most  accessible  in  France,  is  entered 
by  a  narrow  channel,  formed  by  two  long  jetties  stretching 
from  E.  to  AV.,  from  which  the  current  in  a  great  measure 
serves  to  remove  obstructions.  This  channel  leads  to  the 
outer  harbor  {avant-port),  an  irregular  expanse.  This  is 
occupied  by  great  numbers  of  coasters  and  vther  small 
vessels.  AVithin  the  avant-port,  lined  with  fine  quays  and 
extensive  warehouses,  are  seven  spacious  basins  or  docks, 
capable  of  accommodating  600  large  vessels. 

Havre  is  the  port  of  Paris,  and  its  commerce  is  connected 
with  all  parts  of  the  world,  but  especially  with  America 
and  the  north  of  Europe.  It  imports  vast  quantities  of 
colonial  and  other  produce,  among  which  cotton  holds  a 
most  important  place.  Its  exports  consist  of  numerous  ar- 
ticles of  French  manufacture,  including  silks,  cottons, 
ironware,  plate,  mirrors,  furniture,  stained  paper,  bricks 
and  tiles,  provisions,  tools,  philosophical  instruments,  and 
agricultural  implements;  also  wine,  liqueurs,  flour,  &c.  In 
the  extent  of  its  foreign  commerce  Havre  ranks  next  to 
Marseilles;  and  its  coastwise  trade  is  exceeded  only  by  that 
of  Marseilles  and  Bordeaux.  The  quantity  of  cotton  an- 
nually received  here  is  about  700,000  bales.  It  is  the  seat 
of  a  court  of  primary  resort  and  of  commerce,  is  the  resi- 
dence of  foreign  consuls,  and  has  a  chamber  of  commerce. 
Regular  lines  of  steamers  communicate  with  Caen,  Cher- 
bourg, Dunkirk,  London,  Rotterdam,  Hamburg,  Liverpool, 
and  St.  Petersburg.  Ocean  steamers  also  ply  between  Ilavra 
and  New  York,  Havana,  Brazil,  Calcutta,  and  China. 
Havre  was  founded  by  Louis  XII.  in  1509.  It  was  held  by 
the  English  in  1562,  and  bombarded  by  them  in  1678  and 
1759.     Pop.  in  1861,  74,336  ;  in  1886,  112,074. 

Havre  de  Grace,  hav'§r  do  grass,  a  post-village  of 
Harford  co.,  Md.,  is  at  the  N.  end  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  and 
on  the  AV.  bank  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  at  its  mouth, 
36  miles  E.N.E.  of  Baltimore,  and  34  miles  AV.S.AV.  of 
AVilmington,  Del.  It  is  connected  with  these  cities  by  the 
Philadelphia,  AVilmington  &  Baltimore  and  the  Baltimore 
&  Ohio  Railroads,  both  of  which  here  cross  the  river  on 
magnificent  iron  bridges,  about  3500  feet  long  between  the 
shores.  This  place  is  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Tidewater 
Canal.  It  contains  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high 
school,  a  flour-mill,  2  canneries  for  fruit,  a  lumber-mill, 
and  a  sash-factory.     Pop.  in  1880,  2816;  in  1890,  3244. 

Hawaii,  hi-wi'ee,  a  kingdom  of  Polynesia,  consisting 
of  a  group  called  also  Sandwich  Islands,  or  the  Ha- 
waiian Archipelago,  in  the  North  Pacific  Ocean, 
mostly  between  lat.  19°  and  22°  20'  N.,  Ion.  155°  and  100° 
AV.  There  are  15  islands,  only  8  of  which  are  inhabited. 
The  principal  are  Hawaii  or  Owyhee,  Maui  or  Mowee, 
Oahu  or  AVoahoo,  Kauai,  Molokai,  Ranai,  Nihau,  and  Ka- 
hoolawe.  Area,  7629  square  miles;  pop.  in  1884,  80,578. 
The  singularly  rapid  decrease  of  the  native  population, 
estimated  by  Cook  at  400,000,  commenced  witn  the  visit 
of  that  discoverer  to  these  islands.  Palmyra  Island,  lat. 
6°  N.,  about  800  miles  S.  of  this  group,  belongs  also  to 
the  Hawaiian  kingdom ;  it  has  an  area  of  60  square  miles, 
but  is  scantily  peopled.  In  general,  the  surface  rises  to  a 
great  elevation,  and  in  Hawaii  are  several  active  volcanoes, 
of  which  Mauna  Loa  is  one  of  the  highest  active  volcanoes 
in  the  world.  The  climate  is  salubrious,  with  sea-breezes 
and  moderate  rains  ;  mean  temperature,  75° ;  range  of  ther- 
mometer, 60°  to  88°  Fahr.  The  soil  in  the  uplands  is  better 
adapted  for  grazing  than  for  agriculture;  fine  wheat  is, 
however,  grown  there,  and  the  valleys  produce  coffee,  sugar, 
cotton,  tobacco,  cacao,  arrowroot,  the  mulberry,  yams,  sweet 
potatoes,  and  taro.  Sugr»r  is  the  staple  article  of  export. 
Sandal-wood  was  formerly  an  important  product,  but  the 
forests  have  been  too  rapidly  thinned,  and  little  is  now 
produced.  Live-stock  of  all  the  ordinary  species  thrives 
well.  Honolulu,  the  capital,  on  the  island  of  Oahu,  is  an  im- 
portant entrepot  for  trade  with  all  commercial  nations.  On 
Cook's  discovery  of  the  group  each  island  had  a  separate 
ruler;  but  afterwards  the  whole  of  the  islands  were  con- 
solidated under  one  government,  and  idolatry  was  abol- 
ished. Missionary  stations  were  established  in  1820,  and 
the  natives  are  now  converted  to  Christianity,  and  have 
printing-presses  and  newspapers.  The  islands  are  fre- 
quented by  whaling-vessels,  and  are  in  the  great  line  of 
commerce  between  California,  China,  and  Australasia. 
AVith  the  United  States  there  is  a  reciprocity  treaty,  which 
has  greatly  stimulated  commerce  and  sugar-culture. 

Hawaii,  or  Owyhee,  the  largest  and  southernmost 
island  of  the  Hawaiian  Archipelago.  Lat.  of  S.  point,  19'' 
N. ;  Ion.  155°  40'  AV.  Chief  town,  Hilo.  Pop.  about  17,000. 
Area,  4875  square  miles.  The  island  is  a  mass  of  lava,  and 
contains  several  volcanic  mountains.  Mauna  Loa,  an  active 
volcano,  has  an  elevation  of  13,760  feet.    The  soil  is  verj 


HAW 


1380 


HAW 


fertile;  the  products  eompriae  the  bread-fruit,  cugar-cane, 
Mndal-wood,  arum,  and  numerous  trojiioal  fruits. 

Hawardcu,  Uuh'r-dcn,  a  towu  of  Wales,  co.  of  Flint, 
8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chester.  It  bas  a  graminar-sobool,  and 
ruins  of  a  fine  oastle,  with  largo  manufactures  of  earthen- 
ware, and  iron-foundries.     Pop.  of  parish,  8083. 

Ilawardeiif  b&'w^r-dSn,  a  post-village  of  Sioux  co., 
Iowa,  2.3  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Orange  City.  It  has  4  churches, 
2  bnnks,  and  3  newspaper  oflioes.     Pop.  744. 

Ilawasa,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Aussa. 

llawnMli)  h&'w&sb\a  river  of  South  Abyssinia,  is  sup- 
T)o«t>d  to  riiie  by  numerous  heads  near  lat.  9°  N.,  Ion.  38° 
K.  It  flows  U.,  and  afterwards  N.E.,  bounding  the  do- 
minions of  Shoa  on  the  S.  and  E.,  and  enters  Lake  Aussa 
near  lat.  11°  30'  N.,  Ion.  41°  20'  E.,  after  a  total  course  of 
from  460  to  500  miles. 

Hawaz,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Auwaz. 

Ilaw  Creek)  a  township  of  Bartholomew  oo.,  Ind. 
Pop.  2634.     It  contains  Ilartsville  and  Hope. 

llaw  Creek,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  Mo.  Pop. 
1731.     It  contains  Florence. 

Ilaw  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Tex. 

Ilaw'don,  a  lake  of  South  Australia,  is  near  the  S. 
soast,  in  lat.  37°  10'  S.,  Ion.  140°  E. 

Haweeza,  or  Hawiza,  h4-weo'zJl,  written  also  Ila- 
wisa,  Haveeza,  and  Ilaviza,  hi-vee'zi,  a  town  of 
Persia,  in  Khoozistnn,  on  the  Kerah  (or  Ilawoeza)  lliver, 
70  miles  S.W.  of  Shooster.     Pop.  12,000. 

Ilawes,  hawz,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  North 
Riding,  20  miles  W.  of  Middleham.  It  has  a  grammar- 
school,  2  branch  banks,  and  a  library.     Pop.  1843. 

Ilawes  (hawz)  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Wash- 
ington CO.,  Tenn. 

llawesville,  hawz'vll,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Han- 
cock CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  opposite  Cannelton,  and 
about  65  miles  above  Evansville,  Ind.  By  land  it  is  20 
or  25  miles  N.E.  of  Owcnsborough.  It  has  G  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  a  steam  flour-mill, 
n  saw-mill,  5  tobacco-factories  or  stemmeries,  and  a  furni- 
ture-factory.    Coal  is  found  here. 

Ilawes-Water,  a  lake  of  England,  co.  of  Westmore- 
land, 5  miles  N.  of  Kendal.     Length,  3  miles. 

Hawick,  hi'Ik  or  bi'wik,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Roxburgh,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Teviot  and  the  Slitrig,  53 
miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Edinburgh.  It  contains  some  very 
curious  ancient  houses,  among  which  is  the  principal  inn, 
formerly  a  strong  border  fortress.  There  are  two  bridges 
across  the  Teviot,  and  two  over  the  Slitrig,  one  of  which  is 
supposed  to  be  a  Roman  structure,  a  parish  church,  a 
grammar-school,  public  library,  branch  banks,  exchange, 
and  school  of  arts.  It  hits  important  manufactures  of  tweeds, 
woollen  stockings,  flannels,  plaids,  shawls,  blankets,  carpets, 
druggets,  and  leather.  Its  vicinity  comprises  much  of 
the  beautiful  scenery  celebrated  in  the  "  Lay  of  the  Last 
Minstrel."     Pop.  in  1881,  16,184;  in  1891,  19,204. 

Hawiza,  or  Hawisa,  Persia.     See  Haweeza. 

Hawk  Creek,  township,  Renville  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  993. 

Hawke  Bay,  Labrador,  is  on  the  E.  coast,  in  lat.  53° 
N.,  Ion.  55°  35'  W, 

Hawke  Cape,  East  Australia,  in  New  South  Wales, 
00.  of  Gloucester,  43  miles  N.E.  of  Port  Stephens. 

Hawke's  (hawks)  Bay,  Now  Zealand,  is  on  the  E. 
coast  of  North  Island,  between  lat.  39°  and  40°  S.  and  Ion. 
177°  and  178°  E. 

Hawke's  Bay,  a  county  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  North 
Island  of  New  Zealand.     Area,  2426  square  miles. 

Hawkesbury,  hawks'b^r-re,  a  village  in  Prescott  co., 
Ontario,  on  the  river  Ottawa,  2  miles  from  Grenville,  with 
which  it  has  communication  by  ferry.  It  contains  exten- 
sive saw-mills,  woollen-,  grist-,  and  planing-mills,  6  stores, 
and  2  hotels,  and  has  a  large  lumber-trade.     Pop.  1671. 

Hawkesbury  Island,  British  Columbia,  is  formed  by 
an  inlet  of  the  PacificOcean,  in  lat.  53°  30'  N.,  Ion.  129°  W. 

Hawkesbury  River,  Australia,  in  New  South  Wales, 
is  formed  by  the  union  of  the  Nepean  and  Grose  Rivers, 
and  enters  the  Pacific  at  Broken  Bay,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Sydney,  after  a  course  of  50  miles.  Another  river  of  this 
name,  in  the  county  of  Bligh,  is  of  less  importance. 

Hawkeshead,  hawks'hfid,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Lancaster,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Kirby-Kendal.  It  has  a  very 
ancient  church  and  a  grammar-school. 

Hawkesville,  hawks'vil,  a  post-village  in  Waterloo 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  Conestogo  River,  12  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Berlin.  It  contains  4  stores,  3  hotels,  2  woollen-factories, 
a  grist-mill,  and  about  500  inhabitants. 

Hawk  Eye,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  ec,  Iowa,  about 
t  miles  W.  of  West  Union. 


Hawk  Eye,  a  post-hamlct  of  Dixon  co.,  Neb.,  about 
22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Sioux  City,  Iowa.     It  biu  a  church. 

Ilaw'kins,  a  county  of  East  Tennessee,  bordering  on 
Virginia,  has  an  area  of  about  440  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Holston  River,  navigable  by  steamers, 
and  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  a  long  ridge  called  Clinch 
Mountain.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  high  hills,  fer- 
tile valleys,  and  extensive  forests.  Indian  corn,  wlieat, 
oats,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Among  th* 
minerals  of  this  county  are  limestone  and  marble.  The 
East  Tennessee  it  Virginia  Railroad  passes  along  its  south- 
ern border  and  communicates  with  Kogersville,  the  capital 
of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  15,837;  in  1880,  20,610;  in 
1890,  22,246. 

Hawkins,  Jay  co.,  Ind.    See  Antioch. 

Hawkins,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Pitisburg. 

Hawkins,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Texas  &  Pivcific  Railroad,  28  miles  W.  of  Longview.  It  has 
8  business  houses  and  a  church. 

Hawkins'  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Russell  co.,  Va., 
16  miles  N.W.  of  Abingdon. 

Hawkins'  Prairie,  a  post-village  of  Fannin  co., 
Tex.,  10  miles  from  Bonham.     It  has  3  churches. 

Hawk'instown,  a  post-village  of  Shenandoah  co., 
Vo.,  54  miles  N.N.E.  of  Staunton.  It  is  on  the  Valley 
Branch  of  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad. 

Ilaw'kinsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barbour  co.,  Ala., 
4i  miles  N.  of  Batesville  Station.     It  has  a  church, 

Hawkinsville,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
St.  John's  River,  174  miles  S.  of  Jacksonville.  Here  is  a 
steamboat-landing. 

Hawkinsville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pulaski  co., 
Ga.,  at  the  head  of  navigation  on  the  Ocmulgee  River,  and 
on  a  branch  of  the  Macon  A  Brunswick  Railroad,  48  miles 
S.  of  Macon.  It  has  5  or  6  churches  (2  colored),  a  news- 
paper office,  2  banks,  an  academy,  a  high  school,  and  a 
cotton-factory.     Pop.  in  1880,  1542;  in  1890,  1755. 

Hawkinsville,  a  post-village  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Black  River,  3  miles  from  Boonville  Station,  and  about  30 
miles  N.  of  Utica.  It  has  a  grist-mill,  a  tannery,  3  churches, 
and  a  cheese-factory. 

Hawkinsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Matagorda  co.,  Tex., 
on  Caney  River,  about  65  miles  S.W.  of  Galveston.  It  has 
a  church.     Sugar  is  made  here. 

Hawkinsville,  a  post-office  of  Sussex  co.,  Va. 

Hawk  Mine,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.,  N.C. 

Hawk  Point,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Mo. 

Hawks,  a  station  in  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Nesque- 
honing  Valley  Railroad,  1  mile  from  Tamanend. 

Hawk's  Nest,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Great  Kanawha  River,  and  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  45  miles  S.E.  of  Charleston.  A  short  narrow- 
gauge  railroad  connects  it  with  the  coal-mines  near  Ansted. 

Hawlbow'line,  an  island  of  Ireland,  in  Cork  harbor, 
three-fourths  of  a  mile  south  of  Queenstown,  and  formerly 
the  place  of  an  important  naval  depot. 

Hawlbowline,  a  rock  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Down,  ofl"  the 
entrance  of  Carlingford  harbor. 

Haw'lejek,  a  post-office  of  Bon  Homme  co.,  S.D. 

Haw'ley,  a  mountainous  township  of  Franklin  co., 
Mass.,  16  miles  W.  of  Greenfield.  It  contains  the  post- 
hamlets  of  Hawley  and  West  Hawley,  and  has  a  mineral 
spring.     There  are  2  churches.     Pop.  588. 

Hawley,  a  post- village  of  Clay  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  North 
Pacific  Railroad,  22  miles  E.  of  Moorhead.  It  has  3 
churches,  and  public  schools.     Pop.  in  1890,  270. 

Hawley,  a  post-borough  of  Wayne  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Lackawaxen  River,  the  Delaware  &  Hudson  Cnnal,  the 
Pennsylvania  Coal  Company's  Railroad,  and  the  Honesdale 
Branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Honesdale. 
It  has  5  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank, 
a  silk-factorj',  a  glass-factory,  and  a  glass-cutting  factory. 
It  has  a  large  business  in  the  transfer  and  forwarding  of 
coal.     Pop.  in  1890,  1968. 

Hawley's,  haw'l^z,  a  station  on  the  Pekin,  Lincoln  * 
Decatur  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Pekin,  111. 

Hawley's,  a  station  on  the  Delhi  Branch  of  the  Mid- 
land Railroad,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Delhi,  N.Y. 

Hawley's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Sampson  co.,  N.C. 

Hawleysville,  haw'liz-vil,  a  post-village  of  Page  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  E.  branch  of  the  Nodaway  Ri  "cr,  7  miles  N.E. 
of  Clarinda.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  200. 

Hawleyton,  haw'le-tpn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Broome  co., 
N.Y.,  6  miles  S.  of  Binghamton.     It  has  a  church. 

Hawleyville,  haw'le-vll,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield 
CO.,  Conn.,  in  Newtown  township,  on  the  Housatonic  Rail- 


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HAY 


road,  at  it3  junction  with  the  Shepaug  Railroad  and  with 
the  llawleyvilio  Branch  of  the  Danbury  <fc  Norwalk  Rail- 
road, 23  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bridgeport.  It  has  manufactures 
of  combs,  hats,  and  condensed  milk. 

Hawn,  a  post-office  of  Fulton  co.,  111. 

Haworth,  hi'worth,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
West  Riding,  3  miles  by  rail  S.AV.  of  Keighley.    Pop.  28S4. 

Haw  Patch,  a  post-hamlet  of  La  Grange  co.,  Ind., 
6  miles  E.S.E.  of  Goshen.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Haw  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dale  co.,  Ala.,  30  miles 
S.S.B.  of  Troy.     It  has  2  churches. 

Haw  River,  North  Carolina,  a  branch  of  the  Cape 
Fear,  is  formed  by  two  forks  which  rise  in  the  counties  of 
Guilford  and  Rockingham  and  unite  in  Alamance  co.  It  runs 
in  a  S.S.E.  direction  through  Alamance  and  Chatham  cos., 
and  unites  with  the  Deep  River  at  Haywood  to  form  the 
Capo  Fear  River.  The  Haw  River,  including  one  branch,  is 
nearly  130  miles  long. 

Haw  River,  a  post-village  of  Alamance  co.,  N.C,  on 
tho  Haw  River,  about  1  mile  E.  of  Graham.  It  is  on  the 
North  Carolina  Railroad,  which  connects  Raleigh  with 
Greensborough,  56  miles  W.N.W.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  a 
church,  a  cotton-factory,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Haw'thorn,  a  post-office  of  White  oo.,  111.,  and  a 
elation  on  the  St.  Louis  &,  Southeastern  Railroad,  4  miles 
S.E.  of  Carmi. 

Hawthorn,  a  post-hamlot  of  Montgomery  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  5i  miles  W. 
of  Red  Oak.     It  has  2  grain-elevators  and  a  store. 

Haw'thorne,  a  station  in  Cook  co.,  II!.,  on  the  Chicago, 
Burlington  &,  Quincy  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Chicago. 

Hawthorne,  a  post-hamlet  of  Passaic  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
New  Jersey  Midland  Railroad,  and  on  tho  Erie  Railroad. 
It  is  a  suburb  of  Paterson,  from  which  it  is  distant  li  miles. 
It  has  2  grist-mills. 

Hawthorne,  a  post-villago  of  Bedford  co.,  Tenn.,  8 
miles  S.W.  of  Shelbyville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Haw'thorndcn,  a  glen  in  Scotland,  co.  and  8  miles 
S.E.  of  Edinburgh,  on  tho  North  Esk,  celebrated  for 
having  been  the  residence  of  the  poet  Drummond.  Be- 
neath tho  ancient  mansion,  which  stands  on  a  cliff,  are 
caves  hollowed  out  of  the  sandstone  rock,  reported  to  have 
been  used  as  hiding-places  during  the  border  wars. 

Haw  Tree,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  N.C.  Pop.  1540. 

Haw'trey,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
Canada  Southern  Railway,  36  miles  W.  of  Cayuga. 

Hay,  a  town  of  Wales,  co.  of  Brecon,  on  the  Wye,  15 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Hereford.     Pop.  1777. 

Hay,  or  Fran'ceston,  a  post-village  in  Huron  oo., 
Ontario,  20  miles  S.  of  Clinton.     Pop.  125. 

Hayange,  hi^yft.vzh'  or  hi^&Nzh'  (Ger.  Ilayingen,  hl'- 
ing-§n),  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Lorraine,  5  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Diedenhofen.  Pop.  4690,  employed  in  extensive  iron- 
works. 

Hay'cock,  a  township  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1250.  It 
contains  Applebachsville. 

Hay'cock  Island,  off  the  W.  side  of  Busvagon,  one 
of  the  Philippines.     Lat.  12°  9'  N. ;  Ion.  119°  51'  15"  E. 

Haycock  Island,  between  the  isl.ands  of  Celebes  and 
Mindanao.     Lat.  4°  IS'  N. ;  Ion.  125°  23'  E. 

Haycock  Island,  in  the  China  Sea,  40  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Great  Natunas.     Lat.  3°  19'  N. ;  Ion.  107°  34'  E. 

Haycock  Island,  in  the  China  Sea,  S.S.W.  of  South 
Natunas.    Lat.  2°  13'  N.;  Ion.  108°  57'  E. 

Haycock  Island,  a  rocky  islet  in  the  Mergui  Archi- 
peltigo.     Lat.  9°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  97°  50'  E. 

Haycock  Island,  in  the  Flores  Sea.  in  Pantar  Strait, 
rises  in  the  form  of  a  haycock.    Lat.  8°  18'  S. ;  Ion.  124°  E. 

Haycock  Run,  a  post-office  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa. 

Hay  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minn.,  6 
miles  S.  of  Red  Wing.     Pop.  1026. 

Ilayd,  or  Hayde,  Bohemia.    See  Raid  and  Haida. 

Ilayd,  Oder,  o'b§r,  and  Untek,  SSn't^r,  two  contiguous 
villages  of  Germany,  22  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Budweis. 
'    Hayden,  hn,'d§n,  a  post-village  of  Jennings  co.,  Ind., 
fl  miles  by  rail  W.  of  North  Vernon.     It  has  2  churches,  a 
■gnided  school,  and  a  creamery. 

Hayden  Hill,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Lassen 
CO..  Cal.,  120  miles  E.N.E.  of  Redding. 

Hayden  Mount.    See  Mount  Hayden. 

Hayden  Peak,  Utah,  a  peak  of  the  Uintah  Mountains, 
near  Ion.  111°  W.     Its  altitude  is  about  13,000  feet. 

Hayden  Row,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Middlesex 
CO.,  Mass.,  in  Hopkinton  township,  on  the  Hopkinton  Rail- 
road, 30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Boston. 

Hayden's,  a  station  on  the  Montgomery  4  West  Point 
Railroad,  26  miles  E.  of  Montgomery,  Ala. 


Hayden's  Ferry,  a  post- village  of  Maricopa  co.,  Ari- 
zona,  on  Salt  River,  10  miles  E.  of  Phoenix.  It  has  a  flour 
mill  and  a  Boap-factory. 

Haydenville,  ha'd§n-vil,  a  post-village  of  Hamp 
shire  co.,  Mass.,  on  Mill  River,  and  on  the  New  Haven  A 
Northampton  Railroad,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Northampton.  It 
is  supported  mainly  by  manufactures  of  cotton  and  brass 
goods.  It  has  a  savings-bank  and  2  churches.  The  burst- 
ing of  a  dam  on  Mill  River  destroyed  a  number  of  lives  and 
buildings  here  in  May,  1874. 

Haydenville,  a  post-villago  of  Hocking  co.,  0.,  in 
Greene  township,  on  the  Columbus  &  Hocking  Valley  Rail- 
road, 55  miles  S.E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  a  church.  Here 
are  important  coal-mines. 

Hay'don,  or  Charlesville,  charlz'vll,  a  post-villaga 
in  Durham  co.,  Ontario,  on  Big  Creek,  9i  miles  N.  of  Bow- 
manville.     Pop.  200. 

Hayducken  District.    See  HAinrcK  District. 

Haye  du  Puits,  hi  dii  pwee,  a  village  of  France,  in 
Manche,  17  miles  N.  of  Coutances.     Pop.  1508. 

Haycl,  hS.-y41',  a  town  of  Arabia,  capital  of  Jebel 
Shomer,  250  miles  N.E.  of  Medina.     Pop.  12,000. 

Haye  Malherbe,  hi  miraiub',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Euro,  4  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Louvicrs.     Pop.  1232. 

Hayes,  haz,  a  post-office  of  Tuscaloosa  co.,  Ala. 

Hayes,  a  station  on  the  Southern  Pacifio  Railroad,  30 
miles  S.S.E.  of  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Hayes,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Douglas  co.,  HI.,  in 
Tuscola  township,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  4  milei 
N.  of  Tuscola. 

Hayes,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co.,  Iowa. 

Hayes,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  586. 
It  contains  Norwood. 

Hayes,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huron  co.,  Mich.,  4  miles 
from  Casevillc,  and  48  miles  N.E.  of  Bay  City. 

Hayes,  a  post-office  of  AVashington  co..  Neb. 

Hayes,  Strafford  eo.,  N.II.    See  North  Rochester. 

Hayes,  a  post-office  of  Clarke  co.,  Washington. 

Hayes,  a  post-office  of  Oconto  co..  Wis. 

Hayesland,  haz'iand,  a  post-village  in  Wentworth  co., 
Ontario,  11  miles  N.AV.'  of  Hamilton.     Pop.  100. 

Hayes  Peninsula,  a  broad  peninsula  of  West  Green- 
land, extending  into  Baffin's  Bay  and  Smith  Sound.  Lat. 
76°  to  79°  N. ;  Ion.  60°  to  73°  W.  The  N.  part  is  also 
called  Prudhoe  Land. 

Hayes  River,  or  Hill  River,  in  Keewatin,  Canada, 
rises  near  Lake  Winnipeg,  flows  N.E.,  and,  after  a  course  es- 
timated at  upwards  of  300  miles,  enters  James's  Bay  at  York. 

Hayes'  Store,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Ala. 

Hayes'  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wake  co.,  N.C,  5 
miles  N.W.  of  Raleigh.     It  has  a  flouring-mill. 

Hayes'  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gloucester  co.,  Va.,  on 
York  River,  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  West  Point. 

Hayestown,  haz'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sherman  co., 
Neb.,  28  miles  from  Grand  Island. 

Hayesville,  Ala.    See  Haysville. 

Hayesville,  haz'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Skunk  River,  about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Ottumwa. 

Hayesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Meade  co.,  Ky.,  12  miles 
from  Muldraugh.     It  has  a  church  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Hayesville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clay  co.,  N.C, 
in  Hayesville  township,  on  the  Hiawassee  River,  near  its 
source,  about  33  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Walhalla,  S.C  It  has 
an  academy  and  3  churches.     Pop.  of  township,  884. 

Hayesville,  township,  Franklin  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1630. 

Hayesville,  or  Haysville,  an  incorporated  post- 
village  of  Ashliind  CO.,  0.,  in  Vermilion  township,  about  14 
miles  E.  of  Mansfield,  and  44  miles  W.  of  Massillon.  It  has 
a  normal  school,  3  churches,  a  foundry,  and  2  carriage- 
shops.     Pop.  in  1890,  430. 

Hayesville,  a  station  in  Pickaway  co.,  0.,  on  the  Scioto 
Valley  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Cireleville. 

Hayesville,  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.    See  Haysville. 

Hayesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  2i  miles 
from  Oxford. 

Ilayiield,  ha'feeld,  a  township  of  Dodge  co.,  Minu. 
Pop.  196. 

llayfleld,  a  post-township  and  village  of  Crawford  co.. 
Pa.,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Meadville.   It  has  7  churches.   P.  1824. 

Hayfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Frederick  co.,  Va.,  about  9 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Winchester.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hay  Fork,  a  post-hamlet  of  Trinity  co.,  Cal.,  67  miles 
N.W.  of  Redding.     Pop.  of  Hay  Fork  A'^alley  township,  172. 

Hay'good's  Landing,  post-office,  Jackson  co.,  Fla. 

Ilayingen,  the  German  name  of  Hayange. 

Hayingen,  hl'ing-^n,  a  town  of  WUrtemberg,  10  milet 
S.S.W.  of  Miinsingen,  with  an  old  castle.     Pop.  793,        ' 


HAY 


1382 


HAY 


llayle»  hit,  a  town  of  England,  in  Corawall,  9  milea  by 
nil  W.S.W.  of  Uodruth.  It  la  on  St.  Ives'  Bay,  and  hu  a 
good  tntde,  active  fisheries,  iron-foundries,  and  maokin»- 
■hops.     Fup.  1180. 

Uay'liiiif,  an  island  ofT  the  S.  ooast  of  England,  oo.  of 
Ilantii,  in  Cliiohc.'tor  harbor,  near  the  island  of  Portsoa, 
and  oounooluJ  by  a  railway  with  llavant,  about  1  mile  S. 
of  that  town.  Area,  SS37  acres.  OS*  the  S.  ooast  is  an 
cxtonsivo  shoal,  the  Woolsner  Sandbank,  the  rolio  of  land 
subinurtjeil  in  tho  rcijjn  of  Edward  III.     Pop.  1139. 

Ilay'inuker,  a  po8t-offioo  of  MoKoan  oo.,  Pa. 

Ilay'niakertuwn,  a  jmnt-offico  of  Botetourt  co.,  Va. 

lluy'iuarketf  aiMst-village  of  Prince  William  co.,  Va., 
on  thu  Virginia  Midland  Uailroad  (Manassas  division),  .38 
miles  W.  of  Alexandria,  and  about  40  miles  W.  of  Wash- 
ington, D.C.     It  has  a  church. 

liny  Meadow,  a  post-offico  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C. 

Iluy'mond,  a  post-hanilot  of  Franklin  oo.,  Ind.,  7 
milusi  S.W.  of  Brookville.     It  has  a  church. 

Ilnyn,  or  Ilaiii,  Saxony.    Sec  QuossENnAix. 

Ilnynau,  Ilainau,  or  Ileiuau,  hl'nSw,  a  town  of 
Prusiiia,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Liognitz,  on  the  Diochsco,  and 
on  the  Berlin  <t  Glogau  Railway  Largo  quantities  of 
fuller's  earth  arc  obtained  in  its  vicinity.     Pop.  5.3 jl. 

Ilaynersville,  ha'n^rz-vll,  a  post-hamlct  of  Rensse- 
laer CO.,  N.Y.,  7i  uiilos  N.E.  of  Troy,    It  has  about  9  houses. 

Haynes,  hanz,  a  post-otlico  of  Hocking  co.,  0. 

Ilayncs,  a  post-oQico  of  Union  co.,  Tcnn. 

llayncs  Bluff,  a  post-office  and  landing  of  Warren 
30.,  Miss.,  on  the  Yazoo  River,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Vioksburg. 
It  was  a  strategic  point  of  importance  during  a  port  of  the 
war  of  1861-65. 

Ilaynesvilie,  hanz'vll,  a  post-oflRce  of  Ohio  co.,  Ky. 

Ilaynesville,  a  post-village  of  Claiborne  parish.  La., 
about  dU  miles  N.E.  of  Shreveport.  It  has  2  churches  and 
the  Hayncsville  Institute. 

Ilayncsville,  a  post-township  of  Aroostook  co.,  Me., 
15  miles  N.  of  Danforth  Railroad  Station.     Pop.  165. 

ilayncville,  han'vll,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lowndes 
CO.,  Ala.,  about  24  miles  S.AV.  of  Montgomery.  It  contains 
a  court-house,  5  churches,  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Ilayneviile,  a  hamlet  of  Houston  co.,  Ga.,  10  miles 
S.E.  of  Perry.     It  has  2  churches. 

Ilayuichen,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  IlAiNicnEN. 

Huy  Ranch,  a  station  in  Eureka  co.,  Nevada,  on  the 
Eureka  <fe  Palisade  Railroad,  19  miles  S.  of  Palisade. 

Hay  River,  of  West  Australia,  flows  southward  into 
the  Mairet  Lagoon,  25  miles  W.  of  Alb.any. 

Hay  River,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Barron  co.,  runs  south- 
ward, and  enters  the  Red  Cedar  River,  in  Dunn  oo.,  about 
15  miles  above  Menomonoe. 

Hays,  a  county  in  tho  S.W.  central  part  of  Texas,  has 
an  area  of  about  650  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
San  Marcos  River,  and  also  drained  by  Union  Creek.  The 
surface  is  undulating  or  hilly ;  the  soil  is  partly  fertile. 
Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products. 
Capital,  San  Marcos.  Pop.  in  1870,  4088;  in  1880,  7555; 
in  1890,  11,352. 

Hays,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  6  miles  S.E.  of 
Pittsburg.     Here  coal  is  mined. 

Hays  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ellis  co.,  Kansas, 
on  Big  Creek,  and  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  222  miles 
W.  of  Topeka.  It  has  5  churches,  a  high  school,  2  banks, 
3  newspaper  offices,  Ac.     Pop.  1242. 

Hays'  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Issaquena  co..  Miss. 

Hay's  Pcalc,  a  densely-wooded,  conical  mountain  of 
East  Australia,  in  lat.  27°  36'  S.  and  Ion.  lo?"  8'  E. 

Hay  Springs,  a  post- village  of  Sheridan  co.,  Neb.,  12 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Rushville.  It  has  3  churches,  3  banks, 
2  newspaper  offices,  <to.     Pop.  378. 

Hay'stack,  a  post-office  of  Surry  co.,  N.C. 

Haystack,  Mount.   See  Mount  Haystack. 

Ilaysville,  baz'vil,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Greene 
eo.,  Ala.,  on  the  Alabama  &,  Chattanooga  Railroad,  6  miles 
S.W.  of  Eutixw. 

Ilaysville,  a  post-village  of  Bubois  co.,  Ind.,  about  1 
mile  S.  of  the  East  Fork  of  White  River,  and  54  miles  N.E. 
of  Evansville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Ilaysville,  a  post-office  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas. 

Ilaysville,  Ohio.    See  Havesville. 

Ilaysville,  a  hamlet  and  station  of  Alleghany  oo..  Pa., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  A 
Chicago  Railroad,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  large  hotel. 

Ilaysville,  a  post-office  of  Macon  co.,  Tenn. 

Ilays'ville,  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Smith's  Creek,  3  miles  S.S.E.  of  New  Hamburg.    It  con- 


tains a  woollen-factory,  grist-mill,  linsced-oil-mill,  cheos*. 
factory,  3  stores,  and  2  hotels.     Poi).  300. 

Uayti,  or  Haiti,  hA'teo  (Fr.  Jlaiii,  hi'eo'tce'  or 
4'ee'tee';  Sp.  Sanio  Dominno,  s&n'to  do-mcong'go,  origi- 
nally Enpnflola,  fis-pln-yo'll;  L.  Jlltpniiio'la),  a  rich  and 
beautiful  island,  the  largest  in  tho  West  Indies,  except 
Cuba,  from  which  it  is  separated  W.  by  the  Windward  Pas- 
sage and  £.  from  Porto  Rico  by  tho  Mona  Passage,  and 
having  N.  the  Atlantic  Ocean  and  S.  the  Caribbean  Sea. 
It  is  nearly  400  miles  long,  and  from  60  to  150  miles  broad, 
and  comprises  two  republics,  llayti  in  tho  AV.,  and  Santo 
Domingo  in  the  E.  Area  of  tho  republic  of  Ilnyti,  9232 
square  miles.  Pop.  estimated  at  572,000,  of  whom  tho  great 
majority  are  blacks.  Area  of  the  republic  of  Santo  Do- 
mingo, 20,595  square  miles.  Tho  centre  of  the  island  is 
occupied  l>y  a  mountainous  region ;  Mount  Chnco  is  6000 
feet  above  the  sea,  and  parallel  mountain-chains  traverse 
tho  island.  The  plains  in  the  S.E.  are  80  miles  in  length, 
and  the  plain  of  Artibonito,  in  the  W.,  is  watered  by  the 
Artibonite,  the  chief  river.  The  other  considerable  rivers 
are  the  Monte-Christi,  Guna,  and  Neivo.  There  are  several 
lakes  in  the  S.,  and  the  soil  generally  is  well  watered. 
Shores  swampy  in  tho  E.,  elsewhere  mostly  bold  and  sur- 
rounded by  roofs;  though  there  are  several  excellent  har- 
bors in  the  W.,  where  two  long  projecting  peninsulas  en- 
close the  large  Bay  of  Gonaiives.  Climate  tropical,  and  on  the 
plains  very  unhealthy  to  Europeans.  There  are  but  two 
seasons,  tho  rainy  season.  May  to  June,  and  the  dry  season; 
the  spring,  April  to  June,  is  the  finest  time  of  the  year. 
Hurricanes  are  common,  especially  in  August  and  Septein 
ber.  The  soil  is  highly  fertile,  and  a  great  part  of  tho 
island  is  covered  by  dense  forests  of  mahoganj',  iron-wood, 
logwood,  cedar,  and  other  valuable  timber  trees.  I'roducts 
comprise  the  plantain,  vanilla,  and  manioc.  Tho  principal 
articles  exported  are  mahogany,  logwood,  lignum-vitac, 
coffee,  cotton,  tobacco,  cacao,  and  sugar.  Gold,  silver,  cop- 
per, tin,  iron,  and  rock  salt  are  found  in  the  island,  but  the 
mines  are  now  unproductive.  The  government  of  Ilayti, 
nominally  republican,  is  in  reality  military,  the  powers  of 
the  elective  president  greatly  outweighing  those  of  the  legis- 
lature, entitled  the  National  Assembly  and  consisting  of  a 
senate  and  a  house  of  representatives.  The  high  court  of 
justice  of  Hayti  sits  in  Port-au-Prince,  the  capital,  where 
also,  and  at  Aux  Cayes,  Cape  Haytien,  Gonaives,  Jeremie, 
Jacmel,  and  Port-de-Paix,  arc  provincial,  civil,  and  crim- 
inal courts.  The  Roman  Catholic  is  the  established  religion, 
but  all  others  are  tolerated.  Public  revenue  averages  about 
$5,500,000;  expenditure,  $8,500,000.  The  foreign  debt, 
contracted  chiefly  in  France,  amounts  to  $22,500,000,  be- 
sides which  there  exists  a  large  floating  debt.  The  island 
was  discovered  by  Columbus,  December  5, 1493;  and  on  itsN. 
coast  was  planted  the  first  permanent  colony  established  by 
Europeans  in  the  Western  nemisphere.  Spain  held  posses- 
sion of  the  island  until  1665,  when  the  French  obtained  a 
share,  and  from  this  period  till  1790  it  was  the  most  flour- 
ishing of  all  the  West  Indi.an  colonies.  After  this  a  revo- 
lution of  the  black  people  took  place,  the  independence  of 
Hayti  was  proclaimed  in  1800,  and  the  French  were  finally 
expelled  in  1803.  Since  that  period  a  scries  of  revolutions 
have  occurred,  and  a  sort  of  elective  military  government 
has  prevailed  under  various  leaders.  Education  and  civili- 
zation were  at  a  low  ebb,  but  many  schools  have  been  recently 
established.  Ilayti,  formerly  the  French  portion  of  the 
island,  was  declared  an  empire  under  its  president,  Faustin 
I.,  in  1849,  and  a  republic  in  1858.    See  Santo  Douingo. 

Hay'ton,  a  post-village  of  Calumet  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Hilbert,  and 
about  26  miles  N.E.  of  Fond  du  Lac.     It  has  a  church. 

Ilay'tuwn,  a  village  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.,  included  in  the 
present  limits  of  Logansport.     Pop.  260. 

Hayt's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Seneca  co.,  N.Y., 
on  tho  Geneva,  Ithaca  A  Sayre  Railroad,  16  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Geneva. 

Hayward,  Alameda  co.,  Cal.    See  IIatwood. 

Hay'ward,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Freeborn  co., 
Minn.,  in  Hayward  township,  and  on  the  Southern  Min- 
nesota Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Albert  Lea.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  551. 

Hayward,  a  post-village  of  Pennington  co.,  S.D.,  16 
miles  (direct)  S.  of  Rapid  City,  in  the  Black  Hills. 

Hayward,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Sawyer  co.,  Wis., 
63  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Ashland.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
bank,  a  new.spaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  1349. 

Haywards,  a  station  on  the  Virginia  A  Truckee  Rail- 
road, 7  miles  S.  of  Virginia  City,  Nevada. 

Haywood,  ha'wood,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  North 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  700  square  miles.    It  is  in« 


HAY 


1383 


HAZ 


tersected  by  the  Big  Pigeon  River,  which  flows  northward. 
The  surface  is  mountainous,  and  extensively  covered  with 
forests.  This  county  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Iron 
or  Smoky  Mountain,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Balsam  Moun- 
tains. The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Richmond  <fc  Danville  Railroad,  which  passes  through 
Waynesville,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870, 
7»21;  in  1880,  10,271;  in  1890,  13,346. 

Haywood,  a  county  of  West  Tennessee,  has  an  area 
of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Hat- 
chee  River  and  the  South  Fork  of  the  Forked  Deer  River. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests  ;  the  soil  is  very  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
traversed  by  the  Memphis  <fc  Louisville  Railroad.  Capital, 
Brownsville.  Pop.  in  1870,  25,094;  in  1880,  26,053;  in 
1890,  23,558. 

Haywood,  a  post-oflice  of  Randolph  co.,  Ala. 

Haywood,  or  Hayward,  a  beautiful  post-village  of 
Alameda  co.,  Cal.,  near  the  E.  shore  of  San  Francisco  Bay, 
and  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  21  miles  S.E.  of  San 
Francisco.  Large  quantities  of  wheat,  barley,  fruits,  Ac, 
are  shipped  here.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  and  an 
Odd-Fellows'  hall.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Haywood,  a  post-village  of  Chatham  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Raleigh  &  Augusta  Railroad,  at  the  point  where  the  Deep 
and  Haw  Rivers  unite  to  form  the  Cape  Fear  River,  30 
miles  SAY.  of  Raleigh.  It  nas  2  churches  and  a  high 
school. 

Haywood,  a  post-office  of  Wilson  co.,  Tenn. 

Hay'wood's  Land'ln^,  a  post-offico  of  Jackson  co., 
Fla.,  on  the  Chattahoochee  River,  15  miles  above  Chatta- 
hoochee.    It  has  1  or  2  stores  and  a  warehouse. 

Hazara,  a  district  of  India.     See  IIuzara. 

Haz'ard,  a  station  in  Cherokee  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Du- 
buque ifc  Sioux  City  Railroad,  27  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Le  Mars. 

Hazard,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Perry  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Kentucky  River,  about  100  miles  S.E.  of  Lexington. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  normal  school. 

Hazard,  a  station  in  Carbon  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh  & 
Susquehanna  Railroad,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Allentown. 

Hazard,  a  station  in  Laramie  co.,  Wyoming,  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Cheyenne. 
Elevation,  6325  feet. 

Haz'ardville,  a  post-village  of  Hartford  co..  Conn., 
in  Enfield  township,  on  the  Connecticut  Central  Railroad, 
18J  miles  N.N.E.  of  Hartford.  It  has  4  churches,  and  is 
celebrated  for  its  manufactories  of  gunpowder. 

Hazareh,  a  country  of  Central  Asia.     See  Huzaheh. 

Hazarybaugh,  Hazareebagh,  or  Hazaribagh, 
hJ.'zi-ree-baw',  a  town  of  Bengal,  capital  of  Hazarybaugh 
district,  is  in  lat.  23°  59'  N.,  Ion.  85°  27'  E.  It  is  a  scat- 
tering place,  with  cantonments  and  a  penitentiary.  Pop. 
11.050. 

Hazarybaugh,  or  Hazaribagh,  a  district  of  Ben- 
gal, Chuta-Nagpoor  division.  Lat.  23°  25'-24°  48'  N. ;  Ion. 
84°  29'-86°  38'  E.  Area,  7020  square  miles.  It  is  a  rough, 
rocky  region,  with  much  jungle,  but  has  excellent  tilled 
lands.     Capital,  Hazarybaugh.     Pop.  771,875. 

Hazebrouck,  hiz'brook'  or  iz^brook',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Nord,  at  a  railway  junction,  32  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lille, 
on  the  Bourre.  Pop.  6303.  It  has  a  church  with  a  lofty 
spire,  a  communal  college,  a  public  library,  tanneries,  flour- 
mills,  and  manufactures  of  linen  and  soap. 

Ha'zel,  a  township  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  contains  Jeans- 
ville,  and  has  mines  of  excellent  anthracite.  Pop.,  exclu- 
sive of  the  borough  of  Hazleton,  7110. 

Hazel  Creek,  a  post-ofiice  of  Shasta  co.,  Cal. 

Hazel  Dell,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co..  111., 
about  28  miles  S.E.  of  Mattoon.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam 
flour-mill,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Hazel  Dell,  a  township  of  Pottawattamie  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  636. 

Hazel  Dell,  a  post-office  of  Prentiss  co..  Miss. 

Hazel  Dell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co..  Pa.,  in 
Wayne  township,  on  the  Conequenessing  Creek,  2  miles 
from  Clinton  Station.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Hazel  Green,  a  post-ofiice  of  Madison  co.,  Ala.,  14 
miles  N.  of  Iluntsville. 

Hazel  Green,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shiawassee  co.,  Mich., 
In  Rush  township,  on  the  Saginaw  division  of  the  Michigan 
Central  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Owosso.  It  has  a  church,  a 
Baw-mill,  and  a  planing-mill. 

Hazel  Green,  a  post-village  of  Grant  co..  Wis.,  in 
Hazel  Green  township,  10  miles  N.  of  Galena,  111.,  about  12 
•miles  E.  of  Dubuque,  Iowa,  and  13  miles  S.  of  Platterille. 


It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  numerous  stori'S. 
The  mining  of  lead  ore  is  the  principal  business  of  this 
place.     Pop.  426;  of  the  township,  1549. 

Hazel  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Atchison  co.,  Mo. 

Hazel  Grove,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co.,  Prince 
Edward  Island,  18  miles  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  130. 

Hazel  Ilidge,  a  post-office  of  Dickson  co.,  Tenn. 

Hazel  Kun,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Francois  co..  Mo., 
in  Marion  township,  11  miles  E.  of  Black  well  Station.  It 
has  a  flour-mill,  and  a  furnace  for  lead,  found  near  here. 

Hazel  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Va. 

Ha'zelton,  a  post-village  of  Gibson  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
S.  bank  of  the  White  River,  and  on  the  Evansville  &  Terre 
Haute  Railroad,  38  miles  N.  of  Evansville,  and  13  miles 
S.  of  Vincennes.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  and 
manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber.     Pop.  in  1890,  608, 

Hazelton,  or  Hazleton,  a  post-village  of  Buchanan 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  <fc  Northern 
Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Independence.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  bank,  a  graded  public  school,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  creamery. 

Hazelton,  a  post-village  of  Barber  co.,  K.ansas,  22 
miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Anthony.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  319. 

Hazelton,  a  post-township  of  Shiawassee  co.,  Mich., 
about  24  miles  S.  of  East  Saginaw.  It  contains  Hazelton, 
a  hamlet  12  miles  N.B.  of  Corunna.     Pop.  1134. 

Hazelton,  or  Hazleton,  a  hamlet  of  Clarke  co.,  Mo., 
near  the  Mississippi  River,  at  Gregory  Station. 

Hazelton,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co..  Wis. 

Hazel  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co..  Ark. 

Ha'zelwood,  a  post-office  of  Ford  co.,  Kansas. 

Hazelwood,  a  ttation  on  the  Boston  &  Providence 
Railroad,  6i  miles  S.W.  of  Boston,  Mass. 

Hazelwood,  a  post-office  of  Rice  co.,  Minn. 

Ha'zen,  a  post-village  of  Prairie  co..  Ark.,  on  the 
Memphis  &  Little  Rock  Railroad,  41  miles  N.E.  of  Little 
Rock.     It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     P.  458. 

Hazerswoude,  h&'z^rs-^Sw'd^h,  a  village  of  the 
Netherlands,  province  of  South  Holland,  13  miles  E.  of  the 
Hague.     Pop.  3053. 

Hazle  (ha'z'l)  Creek  Bridge,  a  station  in  Carbon 
CO.,  Pa.,  1  mile  N.W.  of  Weathorly,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Beaver  Meadow  and  Hazleton  Branches  of  the  Lehigh 
Valley  Railroad. 

Hazledean,  ha'z'1-decn,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  co., 
Ontario,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Stittsville.     Pop.  100. 

Hazle  (ha'z'l)  Dell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Comanche  co., 
Tex.,  95  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Waco.     It  has  a  church. 

Hazle  Green,  a  post-office  of  Delaware  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Hazle  Green  township,  about  32  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cedar 
Rapids.     Pop.  of  the  township,  738. 

Hazle  Green,  a  post-village  of  Wolfe  co.,  Ky.,  about 
66  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Lexington.  It  has  3  churches,  a  semi- 
nary, a  newspaper  office,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  218. 

JHazlc  Green,  a  post-office  of  Laclede  co..  Mo.,  5  miles 
S.  of  Stoutland  Station. 

Hazle  Hill,  a  township  of  Johnson  co..  Mo.    P.  1240. 

Hazlehurst,  ha'z"l-hiirst,  a  post-village  of  Appling  co., 
Ga.,  20  miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  IJaxIey.  It  has  4  churches, 
an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  <fcc.     Pop.  290. 

Hazlehurst,  a  station  on  the  Brunswick  &  AlbaoT 
Railroad,  13  miles  W.  of  Brunswick,  Ga. 

Hazlehurst,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Copiah  co..  Miss., 
on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad,  149 
miles  N.  of  Ne^v  Orleans,  and  34  miles  S.S.W.  of  Jackson. 
It  has  2  newspaper  offices  and  4  churches.     Pop.  662. 

Hazle  Patch,  a  post-office  of  Laurel  co.,  Ky.,  6  miles 
S.E.  of  Livingston  Station. 

Hazlerigg,  ha'z'1-rig,  a  post-hamlet  of  Boone  oo.,  Ind., 
on  the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  &  Lafayette  Railroad,  5  miles 
N.W.  of  Lebanon,  and  30  miles  S.E.  of  Lafayette.  It  has 
a  steam  saw-mill  and  a  grist-mill. 

Haz'let,  a  post-village  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  about 
15  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Long  Branch.     Pop.  about  150. 

Hazleton,  Iowa  and  Missouri.    See  Hazelton. 

Hazleton,  ha'z'l-t9n,  a  post-borough  of  Luzerne  co.. 
Pa.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  24  miles 
S.  of  Wilkesbarre.  It  contains  30  churches,  3  banks,  a 
town  hall,  a  Catholic  academy,  2  convents,  a  foundry,  ma- 
chine-shops, carriage-works,  a  lumber-  and  planing-mill, 
a  brewery,  and  manufactures  of  baking-pans,  cigars,  coffins, 
and  cattle-powder.  Three  daily  and  8  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.  The  streets  of  Hazleton  are  lighted 
with  electric  light  and  gas.  Its  prosperity  is  derived  chiefly 
from  operations  in  coal  (anthracite).     Pop.  11,872. 

Haz'lettville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Del.,  bit 
miles  W.  of  Wyoming  Station. 


HAZ 


1S84 


HEB 


Ha'slo  wood ,  a  township  of  Alexander  co.,  HI.    P.  674. 

Ilaslewood,  a  nost-hamlet  of  Ballard  oo.,  Kj.,  10 
nilos  N.B.  of  Cairo,  III.  It  has  a  chair-factory,  a  ploagh- 
factory,  and  a  storo. 

Ilnxlcwood,  a  poBt-offico  of  Rice  co.,  Minn. 

Iltizlcwood,  a  post-village  of  Webster  co,,  Mo.,  16 
miles  S.K.  of  MarstiflolJ.  It  has  a  church,  a  sominary,  and 
a  piough-fnotory.     Pop.  200. 

Iln/lcwood,  a  post-township  of  Webster  co.,  Mo.,  10 
milci'  S.K.  of  Mnrshncld.     It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  1267. 

Ilnzlcwood,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg  A  Conncliariile 
Rdilnviil,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

Ilnzlcwood,  a  township  of  Chester  co.,  S.C.  Pop.  1556. 

Ilfiid'ford,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Qalway,  9  miles 
S.W.  of  Tunm.     Pop.  860. 

Head  Iloncy  Island,  a  post-oflSce  and  shipping- 
point  of  Holmes  CO.,  Miss.,  on  the  Yazoo  River,  40  miles 
W.  of  Durant. 

IIcad'in^ly-with-BurMey,  a  village  of  England, 
CO.  of  York,  West  Riding,  2  miles  N.W.  of  Leeds.  In  its 
▼icinity  are  the  Leeds  Zoological  and  Botanical  Gardens 
and  ntimerous  elegant  mansions.     Pop   13,942. 

Ilcad'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  Ala.,  27  miles 
S.W.  of  Fort  Gaines,  Ga. 

Ilcad'Icc,  a  post-office  of  White  co.,  Ind. 

Head  of  Bar'rcn,  a  post-office  of  Claiborne  co.,  Tenn. 

Head  of  Grade,  a  station  in  Schuylkill  oo.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Mill  Creek  Branch  of  the  Heading  Railroad,  1  mile  S.E. 
of  Frnckville. 

Head  of  Island,  a  post-office  of  Livingston  parish,  La. 

Head  of  Hiaurel,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Tenn. 

Head  of  Saint  Mar'garet's  Bay,  a  post-village  in 
Ilalifax  CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  at  the  head  of  a  largo  bay  on  the 
Atlantic  coast,  21  miles  W.  of  Ilalifa.x.     Pop.  500. 

Head  of  Saint  Mary's  Bay,  or  Brighton,  a  post- 
yillago  in  Digby  co..  Nova  Scotia,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Digby. 
Pop.  .^50. 

Head  Qnar'ters,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nicholas  oo.,  Ky., 
6  miles  N.W.  of  Carlisle.  It  ha?  a  church  and  a  carriage- 
shop. 

Ileadsville,  hSdz'vIl,  a  post-hamlet  of  Robertson  co., 
Tex.,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Kosse  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Headsville,  a  post-office  of  Mineral  co.,  W.  Va. 

Headville.    See  Saint  Germain  de  Guantham. 

Head  Waters,  a  post-hamlet  of  Highland  co.,  Va.,  19 
miles  N.W.  of  Buffalo  Gap  Station. 

Ilealdsburg,  heeldz'burg,  a  post-town  of  Sonoma  co., 
Cal.,  on  the  Russian  River,  and  on  the  San  Francisco  & 
North  Pacific  Railroad,  72  miles  N.  by  W.  of  San  Francisco, 
20  miles  from  the  ocean,  and  about  84  miles  W.  of  Sacra- 
mento. It  contains  7  churches,  2  banks,  an  academy,  a 
graded  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  shoe-factory,  4  fruit- 
canning  factories,  2  fruit-drying  houses,  a  wine-factory, 
Ac,  and  is  surrounded  by  beautiful  mountain-scenery.  It 
was  incorporated  as  a  city  in  1874.     Pop.  in  1890,  1485. 

Healuville,  heeld'vil,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Rut- 
land CO.,  Vt.,  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  19  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Rutland,  near  the  top  of  the  Green  Mountain. 
It  has  1  or  2  lumber-mills. 

Hcal'ing  Springs,  a  post-township  of  Davidson  oo., 
N.C.,  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lexington.  It  has  3  churches. 
Pop.  675. 

Healing  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bath  co.,  Va., 
about  50  miles  W.S.W.  of  Staunton.  It  has  a  church. 
Here  are  several  valuable  thermal  springs  of  repute  in  the 
treatment  of  chronic  diseases. 

Hean,  hi*in',  a  large  town  of  Tonquin,  on  the  Sang-Koi 
River,  at  the  head  of  its  delta,  31  miles  S.E.  of  Ketcho. 

Heard,  h?rd,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Georgia,  bor- 
dering on  Alabama,  has  an  area  of  about  375  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Chattahoochee  River,  which  trav- 
erses it  from  N.  to  S.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  mostly 
covered  with  forests;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian 
com,  wheat,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  Gold  and 
lead  are  said  to  be  found  here.  Capital,  Franklin.  Pop. 
in  1870,  7866;  in  1880,  8769;  in  1890,  9557. 

Heardmont,  h?rd'mont,  a  post-hamlet  of  Elbert  co., 
Ga.,  on  the  Savannah  River,  22  miles  S.W.  of  Abbeville, 
S.C.     It  has  a  church. 

Heard's  Island,  an  island  in  the  South  Indian  Ocean, 
280  miles  S.E.  of  Kerguelcn  Land.  It  is  30  miles  long 
and  10  miles  wide,  and  rises  about  6000  feet. 

Hearne,  h^rn,  a  post-village  of  Robertson  co.,  Tex., 

4  milos  E.  of  the  Brazos  River,  on  the  Houston  <t  Texas 
Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  International  <t  Great 
Northern  Railroad,  120  miles  N.N.W.  of  Houston,  91  miles 

5  W.  of  Palestine,  and  115  miles  S.  of  Dallas.     It  has  6 


churches,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.  The  oar-shops 
of  the  Houston  <k  Texas  Central  Railroad  are  located  here. 
Pop.  about  2000. 

lleart  Prairie,  a  post-offico  of  Walworth  co.,  Wis. 

Heart  Kiver,  North  Dakota,  rises  in  the  W.  part  of 
the  state,  runs  northcastvvard  and  eastward,  and  enters  the 
Missouri  near  Bismarck.     It  is  nearly  200  miles  long. 

Heart's  Content,  a  seaport  of  Newfoundland,  on  the 
S.E.  side  of  Trinity  Bay.  Lat.  47°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  5;!°  20'  W. 
Two  Atlantic  cables  land  here,  and  there  are  overland  wires 
to  St.  John's  and  Capo  Itay.  There  is  a  good  harbor  here, 
and  the  surrounding  scenery  is  very  beautiful.     Pop.  880. 

Hearts  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  W.  Va., 
40  miles  from  Barboursville.     It  has  a  church. 

Heart's  Dcliitht,  a  fishing  hamlet  of  Newfoundland, 

9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Heart's  Content.     Pop.  320. 
Heart's  Desire,  a  fishing  hamlet  of  Newfoundland, 

6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Heart's  Content.     Pop.  100. 

Heart's  Kase,  a  hamlet  of  Newfoundland,  at  the 
entrance  to  Random  Sound,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Heart's  Con- 
tent.    Pop.  160. 

Heart'wcllville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bennington  co., 
Vt.,  10  miles  N.E.  of  North  Adams,  Mass.  It  has  a  church, 
a  lumber-mill,  and  a  chair-factory. 

Heath,  liceth,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Franklin 
CO.,  Mass.,  about  15  miles  E.  of  North  Adams.  It  has  2 
churches,  saw-mills,  a  grist-mill,  <to.     Pop.  503. 

Heath,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  Pa.,  bounded  N.  by 
the  Clarion  River.     Pop.  247. 

Heath's  Creek,  a  township  of  Pettis  co.,  Mo.  P.  2523. 

Heaths'ville,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co.,  III. 

Heathsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ilalifax  co.,  N.C.,  9 
miles  N.W.  of  Enfield. 

Heathsvillc,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Northumber- 
land CO.,  Va.,  about  56  miles  (direct)  E.N.E.  of  Richmond. 
It  is  on  a  peninsula  called  the  Northern  Neck,  and  near  a 
•navigable  inlet  of  Chesapeake  Bay.     It  has  3  churches. 

Heath  Town,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Stafford,  3 
miles  N.E.  of  Wolverhampton.     Pop.  5268. 

Heath'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Jefferson  co..  Pa.,  on  Red 
Bank  Creek,  and  on  the  Low  Grade  division  of  the  Alle- 
ghany Valley  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  Brookvillo.  It  has 
a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  about  40. 

Heaton,  he't9n,  or  Stew'ard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Leo 
CO.,  III.,  in  Alto  township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Iowa  Railroad, 
40  miles  W.  of  Aurora.     It  has  a  church. 

Heaton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co..  Mo.,  about  32 
miles  W.  of  Springfield. 

Heaton,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  15  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Philadelphia. 

Hea'ton-N or'ris,  a  township  of  England,  oo.  of  Lan- 
caster, on  the  Mersey,  which  separates  it  from  Stockport. 
The  London  &  Northwestern  Railway  is  here  carried  across 
the  Mersey  on  a  viaduct.     Pop.  16,481. 

Heb'bardsville,  a  post-village  of  Henderson  co.,  Ky., 

10  miles  N.E.  of  Robard's  Station.     It  hivs  2  churches  and 
a  plough-factory.     Pop.  about  150. 

Hebbardsville,  a  post-haralet  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  6 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Athens,  and  about  18  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Pomeroy.     It  has  4  churches. 

Heb'bertsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co., 
Tenn.,  about  60  miles  W.  of  Knoxville.     It  has  a  church. 

Heb'den  Bridge,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
West  Riding,  8  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Ilalifax.     Pop.  3894. 

He'ber,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cleburne  co.,  Ark., 
54  miles  (direct)  N.  by  E.  of  Little  Rook.  It  has  3  churches, 
an  academy,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  about  800. 

Hcber,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wasatch  co.,  Utah,  on 
Provo  River,  at  or  near  the  base  of  the  Wahsatch  Moun- 
tain, about  45  miles  S.E.  of  Salt  Lake  City.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  b.ink,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  1538. 

Ilcbertville,  Chicoutimi  co.,  Quebec.     See  Labarre. 

Hebrides,  hih'nd-iz,  or  Western  Islands  (nnc. 
Ebu'dcs),  a  series  of  islands  off  the  W.  coast  of  Scotland,  be- 
tween lat.  55°  35'  and  58°  34'  N.  and  Ion.  5°  and  8°  AV.,  and 
consisting  of  two  principal  groups :  the  Outer  Hebrides, — 
Lewis,  North  and  South  Uist,  Benbecula,  Barra,  and  numer- 
ous smaller  islands,  in  the  counties  of  Ross  and  Inver- 
ness; and  the  Inner  Hebrides, — Skye,  Rum,  Eig,  Canna, 
Coll,  Tiree,  Mull,  lona,  Colonsa,  Jura,  Arran,  Bute,  Ac, 
partly  separated  from  the  former  by  the  channel  termed  the 
Little  Minch,  and  lying  more  immediately  off  the  shores 
of  Inverness  and  Argyle,  in  which  counties,  and  in  Bute- 
shire, they  are  included.  Total  number,  not  including  the 
smaller  islets,  160,  70  of  which  are  permanently  inhabited. 
Total  area,  about  3000  square  miles.  Pop.  about  115,000. 
The  climate  is  moist  and  chill  in  the  Outer  Hebrides;  much 


HEB 


1385 


IIEC 


rain  in  winter,  but  little  snow.  The  herring-fishery,  formerly 
an  important  resource  of  the  people,  has  greatly  declined, 
the  rearing  of  cattle  and  sheep  being  the  most  profitable 
branch  of  industry.  Live-stocic  (including  ponies),  kelp, 
wool,  cod,  ling,  herrings,  limestone,  and  slate  are  the  chief 
exports ;  imports  are  iron,  groceries,  salt,  oatmeal,  and,  in 
Bomo  of  the  islands,  peat  fuel.  In  the  Outer  Hebrides  many 
of  the  inhabitants  are  Roman  Catholics.  The  principal 
villages  are  Stornoway,  in  Lewis;  Portree,  in  Skye;  and 
Torosay,  in  Mull.  The  language  is  Gaelic.  The  Hebrides 
in  remote  times  were  subject  to  the  Kings  of  Norway,  but  in 
126i  were  annexed  to  the  crown  of  Scotland.  They  were 
then  held  by  various  native  chieftains  in  vassalage  to  the 
Scottish  monarch,  but  subsequently  all  fell  into  the  hands 
of  one  powerful  chief,  who  thereupon,  in  1346,  assumed  the 
title  of  "  Lord  of  the  Isles"  and  began  to  affect  an  entire 
independence  of  his  sovereign.  The  abolition  of  hereditary 
jurisdictions,  in  1748,  secured  to  these  islands,  for  the  first 
time,  the  peace  and  safety  afforded  by  a  just  and  powerful 
government. Adj.  and  inhab.  Hkbuid'ean. 

He'bron  (anc.  Kirjuth-Arba ;  Arab.  El  Khaleel,  81  k4- 
leol'),  a  town  of  Palestine,  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Jerusalem. 
Lat.  31°  32'  30"  N. ;  Ion.  35°  8'  20"  E.  Pop.  from  5000  to 
10,000.  It  stands  partly  on  the  slopes  of  two  hills,  and  in 
the  deep,  narrow  valley  of  Mamre.  Around  it  are  exten- 
sive vineyards,  and  on  its  N.  side  is  a  suburb,  separated 
from  it  by  open  fields.  It  is  unwalled,  but  has  several 
gates,  some  reservoirs  of  high  antiquity,  a  largo  mosque, 
reputed  to  cover  the  tombs  of  Abraham  and  other  patri- 
archs, a  citadel,  well-supplied  bazaars,  manufactures  of 
glass-wares,  leather,  and  other  goods,  which  it  exports  to 
Egypt,  and  a  considerable  retail  trade  with  the  adjacent 
country.  Hebron  is  one  of  the  most  ancient  of  existing 
cities.  It  was  the  early  residence  of  Abraham  and  the 
patriarchs,  as  also  of  David. 

He'bron,  a  post-village  in  Hebron  township,  Tolland 
CO.,  Conn.,  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Hartford.  It  is  2i  miles 
from  Turnervillo  Station  on  the  Boston  &  New  York  Air- 
Line  Railroad.  The  township  has  4  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  cotton  and  silk.     Pop.  in  1890,  1039. 

Hebron,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Hebron  township, 
McUenry  co..  III.,  about  12  miles  N.  of  Woodstock.  It  is 
on  the  Kenosha  division  of  the  Chicago  k  Northwestern 
Railroad,  38J  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rockford.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1167. 

Hebron,  a  post-village  of  Porter  co.,  Ind.,  51  miles  by 
rail  S.S.E.  of  Chicago.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded 
school,  a  butter-  and  cheese-factory,  and  manufactures  of 
carriages.     Pop.  in  1890,  689. 

Hebron,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adair  co.,  Iowa,  near  Grand 
River,  about  48  miles  S.VV.  of  Des  Moines.    It  has  a  church. 

Hebron,  a  post-office  of  Boone  co.,  Ky.,  about  5  miles 
(direct)  N.E.  of  Burlington. 

Hebron,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oxford  co..  Me.,  in  Hebron 
township,  about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Lewiston.  It  has  a 
church  and  an  academy.  The  township  is  traversed  by  the 
Portland  <fc  Oxford  Central  Railroad.     Pop.  600. 

Hebron,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nicollet  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
N.  bank  of  the  Minnesota  River,  10  or  12  miles  above 
Uankato.     It  has  manufactures  of  flour,  lumber,  &o. 

Hebron,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co..  Miss.,  28  miles 
E.  of  Beauregard.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  and  a 
general  store.     Pop.  about  300. 

Hebron,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Thayer  co..  Neb.,  on 
the  Little  Blue  River,  7  miles  S.  of  Belvidere  Station,  and 
about  74  miles  S.W.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  5  churches,  3  banks, 
a  high  school,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  flour-mill,  a  planing- 
mill,  and  a  creamery.     Pop.  in  1890,  1502. 

Hebron,  a  post-township  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  on  New- 
found Lake,  about  8  miles  S.W.  of  Plymouth.     Pop.  382. 

Hebron,  a  post-township  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y., 
about  50  miles  N.N.E.  of  Albany.  It  has  valuable  quarries 
of  slate,  and  extensive  cheese-factories.  Pop.  2442.  It 
contains  the  village  of  West  Hebron,  and  a  hamlet  named 
Hebron,  which  is  6  miles  N.  of  Salem,  and  has  a  church. 

Hebron,  a  post-office  and  railroad  station  of  Mecklen- 
burg CO.,  N.C.     Here  is  a  church. 

Hebron,  a  post- village  in  Union  township.  Licking  co., 
0.,  on  the  Ohio  Canal  and  the  Ohio  Central  Railroad,  and 
near  the  South  Fork  of  the  Licking  River,  27  miles  E.  of 
Columbus.  It  has  3  churches,  a  union  school,  a  carriage- 
shop,  and  a  tile-factory.     Pop.  478.* 

Hebron,  a  post-township  of  Potter  co..  Pa.,  about  28 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Emporium.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  pine  lumber.     The  soil  is  fertile.     Pop.  754. 

Hebron,  township,  Marlborough  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1581. 

Hebron,  a  township  of  Orangeburg  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  311. 


Hebron,  a  post-hamlet  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C,  20 
miles  S.  of  Spartanburg. 

Hebron,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVashington  co.,  Utah,  about 
45  miles  N.W.  of  Toquervillo.  It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese- 
factory.     Pop.  about  125. 

Hebron,  a  post-villago  of  Dinwiddie  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Atlantic,  Mississippi  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  24  miles  W.  of 
Petersburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hebron,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pleasants  co.,  W.  Va.,  7  miles 
N.W.  of  Pennsborough. 

Hebron,  a  post-village  in  Hebron  township,  Jefferson 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Bark  River,  8  miles  N.  of  Whitewater,  and 
25  miles  N.E.  of  Janesville.  It  has  a  church,  and  manu- 
factures of  cheese  and  furniture.     Pop.  of  township,  1273. 

He'bron,  a  port  and  Moravian  mission-station,  on 
Saeglek  Bay,  in  the  N.  part  of  Labrador.     Pop.  214. 

Hebron,  a  post-village  in  Yarmouth  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
on  the  sea-coast,  4  miles  from  Yarmouth.     Pop.  500. 

He'bronville,  a  post-village  of  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Attleborough  township,  on  the  Boston  &,  Providence  Rail- 
road, at  the  junction  of  the  India  Point  Branch,  9  miles 
N.E.  of  Providence.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  manufactory 
of  cotton  sheetings. 

Hebrus,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Maritza. 

Hechingen,  h6K'ing-§n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  IIo- 
henzollern,  on  the  Starzel,  and  on  a  railway,  31  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Stuttgart.  Pop.  3469.  It  has  a  palace  with  fine  grounds, 
a  collegiate  church,  a  high  school,  a  bath-establishment,  and 
some  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths. 

Hecho,  i'cho,  a  market-town  of  Spain,  province  of 
Iluesca,  in  a  valley  of  the  Pyrenees.  Pop.  1676.  In  its 
vicinity  are  mines  of  iron,  copper,  and  argentiferous  lead. 

Ilechosoa,  i-cho-so'i,  a  village  of  Mexico,  state  of 
Cinaloa,  on  the  Yaqui,  25  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Gulf 
of  California. 

Hcck'atoo,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co,.  Ark.,  on  the 
Arkansas  River. 

Hecker,  Monroe  co..  111.    See  Freedom. 

Heck'land,  a  post-office  of  Vigo  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Terre 
Ilaute  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Terre  Haute. 

Hcck'mondwike,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
AVest  Riding,  7i  miles  by  rail  W.N.AV.  of  Wakefield.  It 
has  a  branch  bank,  and  manufactures  of  blankets  and  car- 
pets.    Pop.  8300. 

Heck'scherville,  a  post-village  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa., 
on  a  branch  of  the  Mine  Hill  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Potts- 
ville.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Heck's  Corners,  Ontario.    See  Roebuck. 

Hecks'ton,  a  post-village  in  Grenville  co.,  Ontario,  on 
a  branch  of  the  South  Nation  River,  8  miles  S.  of  Kempt- 
ville.     Pop.  100. 

Heck'town,  a  post-village  of  Northampton  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Lower  Nazareth  township,  at  Steuben  Station  on  the  Lehigh 
&  Lackawanna  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Bethlehem.  It  has 
a  church,  a  broom-factory,  and  an  academy, 

Hec'la,  or  Hek'la,  a  famous  volcano  of  Iceland,  near 
its  S.W.  coast.  Lat.  63°  59'  N. ;  Ion.  19°  42'  W.  Height 
above  the  sea,  5110  feet,  it  being  surrounded  by  many 
much  higher  mountains.  It  has  three  peaks,  little  elevated 
above  its  body,  and  along  its  sides  are  numerous  craters, 
the  seats  of  former  eruptions  ;  the  crater  of  its  principal 
peak  does  not  much  exceed  100  feet  in  depth.  It  is  com- 
posed chiefly  of  basalt  and  lava,  but  slag-sand  and  loose 
ashes  cover  a  great  part  of  its  surface,  and  obsidian  is 
among  its  most  remarkable  products.  Since  a.d.  900,  43 
of  its  eruptions  are  on  record,  of  which  5  have  been  simul- 
taneous, or  nearly  so,  with  those  of  Vesuvius,  4  with  those 
of  Etna,  and  1  with  those  of  both. 

Hec'la,  a  post-hamlet  of  Etna  township,  Whitley  co., 
Ind.,  30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Fort  Wayne.     It  has  a  church. 

Hecia,  or  Hecia  Works,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oneida 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  11  miles  W.  of  Utica.  Here  is  a  manu- 
factory of  iron  castings.    Pop.  125. 

Hecia,  a  post-hamlet  in  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Little  Schuylkill  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Tamaqua.  It  has 
manufactures  of  brushes,  baskets,  and  lumber,  and  consists 
of  about  20  houses. 

Hecia  (hSk'ia,)  Cove,  an  inlet  of  Spitzbergen,  on  tba 
N.  coast  of  the  large  island,  in  lat.  79°  55'  N.,  Ion.  16°  49' 
E. ;  so  named  from  the  Hecia,  under  Sir  John  Franklin, 
having  been  stationed  here  from  June  to  August,  1827. 

Hec'tor,  a  post-village  of  Jay  co.,  Ind.,  in  Noole 
township,  6  miles  E.  of  Portland.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hector,  a  post- village  of  Renville  co.,  Minn.,  40  miles 
by  rail  E,  of  Granite  Falls,  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a 
high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  <fec.     Pop.  554. 

Hector,  a  post-township  of  Schuyler  co.,  N.Y.^  about 


tlEC 


1386 


HBI 


'18  mllM  W.  of  Ithaoft,  li  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Sonoca 
Lake.  Pop.  4070.  It  contains  villages  named  liurdette, 
North  Hector,  Mecklenburg,  and  Peaoh  Orchard.  Hector 
Post-Offlce  is  at  Peach  Orchard. 
Hcctor«  a  post-township  of  Potter  oo.,  Pa.  Pop.  651. 
Ileddcrnhcim,  hdd'd9m-hlme\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
nes«o-Xa<>sau,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Nidda,  8  miles  N.E. 
of  Hiiohst.     Pop.  2720. 

Ilcddusdorf,  hWd^s-donf*,  a  village  of  Rhenish 
Prusdia,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Coblcntz,  with  tanneries,  dyeing-, 
bleaching-,  nnd  iron-works.     Pop.  2996. 

Il^d^,  hA\li',  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Ille-et-Vilaine,  13 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Rennes.     Pop.  951. 

Hedcl,  h&'dfl,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Gelder- 
land,  on  the  Meuse,  12  miles  S.W.of  Thiel.    Pop.  163.3. 

Iledcllingen,  h&'dfl-fing^n,  a  village  of  Wilrtemberg, 
circle  of  Nockar.     Pop.  1553. 

Hedcmarken,  hi'dgh-man^k^n,  a  district  of  Norway, 
■tift  of  Hamar,  of  which  it  forms  the  E.  part,  having  E. 
Sweden  and  N.  the  Dovrefleld  Mountains.  It  is  traversed 
by  the  Glommcn  and  other  considerable  rivers,  and  is  one 
of  the  most  fertile  portions  of  Norway.  Area,  9670  square 
miles.     Pop.  120,661. 

Iledemora,  hi-d4-mo'r&,  a  town  of  Sweden,  laen  and 
23  miles  S.E.  of  Falun,  on  the  Wester-Dai.     Pop.  1129. 

Hcdemiinden,  hi'd§h-mun*d?n,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
in  Hanover,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Giittingen,  on  the  Worra. 

IIe'den,or  Hey'don,a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
East  Killing,  6  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Hull.     Pop.  996. 

Iledenfors,  hi'd?n-foR8',  a  village  of  Sweden,  Iron  of 
Norrbottcn,  on  the  LuleA. 

Hedersleben,  hi'd^rs-li'b^n,  a  village  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  9  miles  S.E.  of  HalbersUdt.     Pop.  2147. 

Hcdcrsleben,  a  village  of  Prussian  Saxony,  E.  of 
Eislebcn.     Pop.  854. 

Hcderrar,  hi'dfinVan',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  18 
miles  N.W.  of  Raab,  in  the  Kleino  Schiitt  Island,  formed 
by  the  Danube.     Pop.  910.     It  has  a  castle. 

Hedge,  a  post-office  of  Iowa  co.,  Iowa. 

Hedge  City,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co..  Mo. 

Hedg'es,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Clark  co.,  Ky., 
26  miles  E.  of  Lexington. 

Hedg'esville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y. 
about  32  miles  W.  of  Elmira.     It  has  a  church,  Ac. 

Hedgesville,  a  post-village  of  Berkeley  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  North  Mountain,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Martinsburg.  It  has 
4  churches,  2  lumber-mills,  <fec.     Pop.  in  1890,  448. 

Hedg'man's  River,  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Virginia, 
unites  with  Thornton's  River  to  form  the  North  River. 

Hedic,  or  Hoedic,  h&Meek',  a  small  island  of  France, 
in  Morbihan,  off  the  coast  of  Brittany,  14  miles  S.E.  of 
thepeninsula  of  Quibcron. 

Hedjaz,  or  Hedsjaz,  Arabia.    See  El  IIejaz. 

Hedon,  a  town  of  England.     See  Hedbn. 

Hed'rick,  a  post-town  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa,  2.1  miles 
by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Oskaloosa.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a 
tile-factory,  a  newspaper  office,  <fec.     Pop.  592. 

Hed'wig's  HiH,  a  post-village  of  Mason  co.,  Tex., 
100  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Austin.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hedyphon,  supposed  ancient  name  of  the  Jerahai. 

Ilcea,  or  Hia,  hee'4,  a  town  of  China,  in  Shan-See,  67 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Ping-Yang. 

Heea-Kiang,  or  Hia-Kiang,  hee'i-ke-lng',  a  town 
of  China,  province  of  Kiang-See,  on  the  Kan-Kiang,  78 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Nan-Chang. 

Heea-Looee,  or  Hia-Loui,  heo'&-loo-ce',  a  town  of 
China,  in  Quang-See,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Hong-Kiang,  50 
miles  W.  of  Tai-Ping. 

Heeg,  haio,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Fricsland, 
on  a  lake  of  the  same  name,  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Sneek. 

Heeg  Liake,  a  lake  of  the  Netherlands,  united  with  the 
f  Ijucssen,  extends  from  N.E.  to  S.W.  about  9  miles,  with  a 
breadth  of  li  miles.  It  communicates  with  several  other 
lakes  and  with  the  North  Sea. 

Ilee-Ho,  or  Hi->Ho,  hec-ho',  a  river  of  Corea,  falls 
nto  the  Yellow  Sea  in  lat.  38°  45'  N.    Length,  75  miles. 

Hce'ley,  a  village  of  England,  on  the  Midland  Railway, 
near  Sheffield.     Pop.  3860. 

Ilcemstede,  haim'sti-d^h,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, province  of  North  Holland,  3  miles  S.  of  Haarlem. 
It  has  an  old  castle,  many  country  residences,  and  an  active 
tnule  in  flowers,  roots,  and  seeds.     Pop.  3020. 

Ilccnvliet,  hain'floet,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  prov- 
ince of  South  Holland,  on  the  estuary  of  the  Meuse,  4  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Briel.     Pop.  1233. 

Ileeow-Ee,  or  Hiao- Y,  he-i'o-ee',  a  town  of  China, 
-io  6ban-Sce>  on  the  -Fucn-Uo^  8  miles  S.E,  of  J'uen-Choo. 


Hocpen,  hi'p^n,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Westphali*. 
23  miles  S.W.  of  Minden.     Pop.  2231. 

Ilcer,  hain,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Limburg, 
IJ  miles  B.  of  Maestricht.     Pop.  1404. 

Hear  Arendskorkc,  hain  ^'r^nds-kdn^k^h,  a  village 
of  the  Netherlands,  in  Zealand,  9  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Mid- 
del  burg.     Pop.  2886. 

Heerdc,  haiR'd9h,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Gelderland,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Arnhem.  Pop.  6293.  It  has 
a  manufactory  of  paper. 

Heercnberg,  hi'r^n-bSno*,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
province  of  Gelderland,  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Arnhem,  on  the 
Prussian  frontier.     Pop.  1380. 

Hccrehvecn,  hi'r^n-vain^  a  town  of  the  Netherlnnd.', 
in  Fricsland,  on  the  Heeren-slot,  at  a  railway  junction,  18 
miles  S.E.  of  Lceuwarden.     Pop.  1200. 

Hccrhugowaard,  hain-hoo'go-viynd\  a  village  of  the 
Netherlands,  in  North  Holland,  near  Alkmaar.    Pop.  2758. 

Ilcerlen,  haiR'l^n,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Lim- 
burg, 13  miles  E.N.E.  of  .Maastricht.  Pop.  52GI,  employed 
in  needle-making,  linen-bloaching,  and  trading  in  cattle. 

Ilcesch,  haish,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North 
Brabant,  11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Dois-le-Duc.     Pop.  2196. 

Heestert,  hais'tjRt,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flan- 
ders, 5  miles  E.  of  Courtrai.     Pop.  2300. 

Ileeze,  hi'z^h,  a  village  of  tlie  Netherlands,  in  North 
Brabant,  6  ftiilcs  S.E.  of  Eindhoven.     Pop.  1874. 

Hef'lin,  a  post-villngc  of  Cleburne  eo.,  Ala.,  6  miles  by 
rail  W.  by  S.  of  Edwardsville.  It  has  four  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  383. 

Hcgeiiheim,  hd'gh^n-hime^  (Fr.  pron.  h4*zh6n'5m'),  a 
village  of  Germany,  in  Lorraine,  near  the  Rhine,  14  miles 
E.  of  Altkirch.     Pop.  2190. 

Ilegg,  a  post-office  of  Trempealeau  co.,  Wis. 

Ilc'gins,  a  post-township  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  7  miles 
N.W.  of  Tremont.  Pop.  1154.  It  contains  hamlets  named 
Heginsville  and  Valley  View. 

Ilegyalja,  or  Hegyallya,  h6d'y5ry5h\  a  chain  of 
hills  in  North  Hungary,  forming  the  extremity  of  an  oft- 
shoot  of  the  Carpathians,  which  e.vtend  S.  between  the 
Bodrog  and  Hernad  Rivers  and  between  lat.  48°  and  49°  N. 
This  is  the  Cote-d'Or  of  Hungary,  and  produces  the  winc.i 
called  Tokay.  The  wine-growing  district  has  an  area  of 
about  90  square  miles.     See  Tokay. 

IIegyC8,h6d^y6sh',  or  Igyusch,id'yoosh',  a  village  of 
Hungary,  co.  and  30  miles  N.E.  of  Bfi,cs.     Pop.  42U3. 

Ileian,  or  Ileianjo,  a  city  of  Japan.     See  Kioto. 

Ilcibuk,  or  Ilaibak,  h^'buk',  a  thriving  villngo  of 
Afghan  Toorkistan,  in  the  Khooloom  dominion,  on  the  route 
from  Afghanistan  to  Baikh,  80  miles  N.W.  of  the  llindoo- 
Koosh,  in  a  fertile  tract,  and  having  houses  of  earth  with 
domed  roofs,  and  a  castle  of  sun-dried  brick. 

Ileide,  or  Heyde,  hi'd^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hol- 
stein,  near  the  North  Sea,  31  miles  N.N.W.  of  Gliickstudt. 
Pop.  6772. 

Ileideck,  hl'dSk,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Upper  Fran- 
conia,  23  miles  S.  of  Nuremberg.     Pop.  900. 

Ileideck,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  13  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Lucerne,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Lake  of  Baldcgg. 

Ileidekrug,  hi'd?h-kro6G\  the  name  of  several  vil- 
lages of  Prussia,  Ac. 

Heidelberg,  hi'd?l-bfiRG\  a  city  of  Germany,  grand 
duchy  of  Baden,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Neckar,  at  a  rail- 
way junction,  32  miles  N.N.E.  of  Carlsruhe.  Pop.  31,737. 
mostly  Protestants.  It  is  picturesquely  situated,  surrounded 
by  wooded  hills  and  vineyards,  and  consists  of  a  long  main 
street,  into  which  open  many  narrow  and  gloomy  thorough- 
fares. Among  its  buildings  are  several  churches,  a  syna- 
gogue, the  university  buildings,  a  massive  prison,  the 
Karlalhor,  and  the  vast  castle,  on  a  height,  now  a  ruin, 
in  the  cellar  of  which  is  the  great  Ileiddberg  tun,  which 
holds  800  hogsheads.  The  university,  founded  in  1380, 
is  the  oldest  in  Germany,  has  a  library  of  200,000  vol- 
umes and  many  rare  manuscripts,  and  is  one  of  the  most 
celebrated  schools  in  Europe.  Here  are  also  a  college  for 
junior  students,  elementary  schools,  botanic  gardens,  nnd 
other  appliances  of  learning,  with  a  museum,  Spruch-coUe- 
gium,  and  dining-hall.  In  1622  the  ferocious  Tilly,  after 
bombarding  Heidelberg  for  a  month,  took  it  by  storm  and 
gave  it  up  to  three  days'  pillage.  In  1688  a  French  gene- 
ral, Melac,  on  the  orders  of  Louis  XIV.,  took  the  town  nnd 
burned  it,  outri vailing  even  Tilly  in  cruelty  and  brutality. 
Heidelberg  has  manufactures  of  beer  and  of  machinery. 

Heidelberg,  hi'd§l-burg,  a  post-office  of  Le  Sueur  co., 
Minn. 

Heidelberg,  a  township  of  Berks  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1193, 
exclusive  of  the  borough  of  Womelsdorf. 


IIEI 


1387 


IIEL 


Heidelberg',  a  township  of  Lebanon  cc,  Pa.  Pop.  2256. 
It  contains  Schaefferstown. 

Heidelberg,  a  township  of  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1441. 
It  contains  Saegersville,  Pleasant  Corner,  and  Germansville. 

Hcidelburg,  hi'd?I-burg,  a  township  of  York  co.,  Pa. 
Pop.  22C6. 

lleidelburg,  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  co.,  Ontario,  9 
miles  N.W.  of  Berlin.     Pop.  160. 

Ileidelsheim,  hi'd§ls-hlme\  a  town  of  Baden,  13 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Carlsruhe.     Pop.  2238. 

Heidenfeld,  hi'd§n-f61t\  or  Marktheidenfeld,  a 
Tillage  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Main,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Wiirz- 
burg.     Pop.  1900. 

Hcidenheim,  hi'd§n-hime\  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg, 
on  the  Brenz,  E.  of  the  Ilauhe  Alp,  35  miles  by  rail  N.N.E. 
of  Ulm.  Pop.  5677.  It  has  manufactures  of  cotton,  flan- 
nel, paper,  &c.     Near  it  is  the  fortress  of  Ilellenstcin. 

Ueidenhcim,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Middle  Franconia, 
21  miles  S.S.E.  of  Anspach.     Pop.  1481. 

Heidcrsdorf,  hi'd§rs-donf^,  a  village  of  Prussia,  gov- 
ernment of  Breslau,  circle  of  Nimptsch.     Pop.  1591. 

Ilcidersdorf,  a  village  of  Prussia,  government  of 
Licgnitz,  circle  of  Lauban.     Pop.  2210. 

Ileidesheim,  hi'd?s-hime\  a  village  of  Hesse,  in 
Rhein-JIessen,  on  the  Rhine,  5  miles  W.  of  Mentz. 

Heidingsfeld,  hi'dings-fdlt*,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on 
the  Main,  2  miles  S.  of  Wiirzburg.     Pop.  3720. 

Ilcidlcrsburg,  hc'dlerz-burg,  a  post-village  of  Adams 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  27  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ilarrisburg.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  about  150. 

Ilcikenzand,  Netherlands.     See  Heinkenzand. 

Ileilbronn,  hil-bronn',  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  circle 
of  Neckar,  26  miles  N.  of  Stuttgart,  at  a  railway  junction, 
on  the  Ncckar.  Pop.  27,758.  It  is  irregularly  laid  out. 
Principal  edifices,  the  fine  church  of  St.  Kilian,  town  hall, 
with  many  ancient  records,  house  of  the  Teutonic  knights, 
now  a  barrack,  a  royal  residence,  formerly  an  orphan  asy- 
lum, several  cliurches,  a  richly-endowed  hospital,  a  house  of 
correction,  and  a  remarkable  square  tower,  memorable  in 
German  history.  It  has  a  gymnasium,  and  manufactures 
of  woollen  cloths,  silver  articles,  carpets,  tobacco,  white  lead 
and  other  chemical  products,  paper,  Ac.  The  name,  signi- 
fying "  fountain  of  health,"  is  derived  from  the  spring  which 
Bupplies  the  town  with  water. 

Ileiligcnbeil,  hi'le-ghen-blle\  a  town  of  Prussia,  29 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Konigsberg,  near  the  Frische-Haff. 
Pop.  3354. 

Ileiligenberg,  hl'le-gh^n-b^RO^  or  Swienta  Sier- 
ka,  s*e-dn'ti  se-6a'ki  (anc.  Arm  Flaviie?),  a  town  of  Ba- 
den, 13  miles  N.N.E.  of  Constance.     Pop.  59.3. 

Ileiligenblut,  hi'Ie-gh?n-bloot\  a  village  of  Austria, 
in  Carinthia,  on  the  S.  declivity  of  the  Gross  Glockner,  4672 
feet  above  tlie  sea.     Pop.  945, 

Ileiligenhafen,  hi'le-ghen-hl'fen,  a  seaport  town  of 
Prussiii,  in  Holstein,  on  the  Baltic,  33  miles  E.  of  Kiel. 
Its  harbor  is  merely  an  open  roadstead.     Pop.  2279. 

Ileiligen-Kreuz,  hi'le-gh?n-kroits  (Hun.  Szent-Ke- 
reszt,  s6nt-k4.*r6sst'),  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  28  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Barsch,  on  the  Qrau.     Pop.  lOCO. 

Ileiligenstadt,  hi'le-gh?n-stitt\  a  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  at  a  railway  junction,  48  miles  N.W.  of  Erfurt,  on 
the  Leino.  Pop.  5193.  It  is  walled,  and  has  a  castle,  sev- 
eral churches,  a  gymnasium,  a  prison,  and  manufactures  of 
clocks,  yarn,  and  woollen  cloth. 

Ileiligenstadt,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria,  forming  a 
■uburb,  on  the  N.,  of  Vienna.     Pop.  4599. 

Ileiligkrcuz,  hi'lia-kroits^,  a  village  and  bath-estab- 
lishment of  Austria,  in  the  Tyrol,  circle  of  Schwatz. 

Heilig's  (hi'ligz)  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Rowan  co., 
N.C.,  10  miles  S.  of  Salisbury. 

Ilcilmandale,  hil'man-dale,  a  post-office  of  Lebanon 
CO.,  Pa.,  and  a  station  on  the  railroad  from  Lebanon  to  Tre- 
mont,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Lebanon. 

Heilsberg,  hils'bSao,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  41  miles 
S.E.  of  Konigsberg,  on  the  Alle.  It  has  manufactures  of 
woollens,  linens,  and  yarn.     Pop.  5762. 

Heilsburg,  hilz'burg,  a  post-office  of  F.ayette  co.,  111. 

Heilsbronn,  hils'bronn',  a  town  of  Bavaria,  Middle 
Franconia,  on  the  Schwivb.ach,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Anspach. 

Heilts-le-Maurupt,  h51ts-l?h-mo'riipt',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Marno,  28  miles  E.S.E.  of  ChMons.     Pop.  808. 

Hcimbach,  him'baK,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  18 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Aix-la-Chapello,  with  manufactures  of  cot- 
ton yarn  and  wooden- wares.     Pop.  910. 

Heimbach,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  26  miles 
6.S.E.  of  Coblentz,  on  the  Rhine.    Pop.  1250. 

Heimersdorf,  hi'm^rs-douf,  the   name   of  villages 


in  Prussian  Silesia,  government  of  Oppeln,  and  in  Saxo- 
Meiningen. 

Hcimersheim,  hl'm?rs-hime\  a  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  13  miles  S.  of  Cologne.     Pop.  750. 

Ueimiswyl,  hi'mis-^ir,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton and  13  miles  N.E.  of  Bern.    Pop.  of  parish,  2319. 

Heimsheim,  hlms'hime,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  14 
miles  W.  of  Stuttgart.  It  w.as  burned  in  the  Thirty  Years' 
War,  and  by  the  French  in  1692  and  1693.     Pop.  1242. 

Heinau,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia.    See  IIaynau, 

Heinenoord,  hi'nfh-noud*,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  South  Holland,  11  miles  W.  of  Dort. 

Hcinersdorf,  hi'n?rs-donf  \  a  village  of  Germany,  in 
Saxe-Meiningen«,  4  miles  E.  of  Sonnenberg.     Pop.  121C. 

Heiningen,  hi'ning-?n,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  3 
miles  S.  of  Gcippingen.     Pop.  1184. 

Ueinkenzand,hln'kcn-z&nt\  orHeikenzand,hi'- 
k?n-zlnt^,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Zealand,  island 
of  South  Beveland,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Goes.     Pop.  1343. 

Heino,  hi'no,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Overysscl, 
8  miles  S.W.  of  Zwolle.     Pop.  1741. 

Hcinrichs,  hin'riKS,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  7 
miles  N.W.  of  Schleusingen.     Pop.  1329. 

Hcinrichsbad,  Switzerland.     See  IIerisau. 

Hcinrichsgriin,  hin'riKs-grUn^  or  Heynesgryii, 
hl'n^s-grin*,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  near  Elbogen.    Pop.  1811. 

Hcinrichswaldc,  hIn'riKs-^^3,^deh,  a  town  of  Prus- 
sia, in  Silesia,  50  miles  S.S.W.  of  Breslau.     Pop,  1628, 

IleinrichsAvalde,  a  village  of  East  Prussia,  39  miles 
N.W.  of  Gumbinnen.     Pop.  1071. 

Heinrichtown,  hin'rik-town,  a  post-village  of  St. 
Clair  CO.,  111.,  on  the  railroad  between  Belleville  and  Du- 
quoin,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Belleville.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Heinsberg,  hins'biiro,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  20 
miles  W.  of  Aix-Ia-Chapelle,  on  the  Worm.     Pop.  1924. 

Heiskell's  Station,  Tennessee.    See  Bull  Rnir. 

Ileis'ker  Island,  Hebrides,  in  Scotland,  7  miles  W. 
of  North  Uist.     Length,  from  E.  to  W.,  2  miles.     Pop.  114. 

Ilcislcrville,  his'ler-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland 
CO.,  N.J.,  about  14  miles  S.  of  Millville,  and  1  mile  froin 
Delaware  Bay.     It  has  a  church. 

Ileistand,  hi'stand,  a  station  in  York  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
York  Branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  4  miles  E.N.E. 
of  York.     Near  by  there  is  an  iron-mine, 

Ileistersburg,  his'terz-burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  40  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg. 

Ileitersheim,  hi't^rs-hime^  a  town  of  Baden,  12 
miles  S.AV.  of  Freiburg.     Pop.  1305. 

Hejaz,  a  region  of  Arabia.    See  El  Hejaz. 

Ilekia,  Iceland.     See  Hecla. 

Ilcia,  hi'li,  a  town  of  AVest  Prussia,  on  the  Baltic,  19 
miles  N.E.  of  Dantzic.     Pop.  425. 

Ilelchin,  hSl'Kin,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flan- 
ders, on  the  Scheldt,  30  miles  S.  of  Bruges. 

Ileldburg,  hftlt'booRO,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Saxe- 
Meiningen,  10  miles  S.  of  Ilildburghausen.     Pop.  1124. 

Helder,  hil'der  (Dutch,  Ben  Ilelder,  dSn  hfil'd^r),  a 
fortified  maritime  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North  Hol- 
land, at  the  N.  extremity  of  that  province,  41  miles  N.W.  of 
Amsterdam,  and  separated  by  the  Mars-Diep,  2  miles  across, 
from  the  island  of  Texel.  Pop.  22,030.  It  hag,  some  trade 
with  Amsterdam,  with  which  it  communicates  by  the  Hel- 
der Canal,  50  miles  long  and  21  feet  deep,  and  also  by  rail- 
way. Near  it  Admiral  Van  Tromp  was  killed  in  an  action 
in  1693.  The  British  took  possession  of  Ilelder  in  1799,  but 
were  compelled  to  re-embark  a  few  weeks  later. 

Ilelder,  or  Heldcn,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Limburg,  9  miles  N.  of  Roermond.  It  has  distilleries  and 
breweries.     Pop.  3468. 

HeI'derbergs,  New  York,  a  range  of  hills  in  Albany 
and  Schoharie  cos.,  rise  nearly  1000  feet  above  the  level  of 
the  sea.  They  give  name  to  a  formation  of  Silurian  lime- 
stone and  to  a  period  of  geological  history. 

Ileldevad,  h51'deh-vid\  or  llelligvad,  hil'lig-vW, 
a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Sleswick,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Apen- 
rade. 

Ileldrnngen,  h8ld'rofing-?n,  a  town  of  Prussian  Sax- 
ony, 34  miles  W.S.W.  of  Merseburg.     Pop.  2112. 

Hel'en,  a  post-office  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas. 

Helen,  a  township  of  McLeod  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  685. 

Helena,  an  ancient  name  of  Else. 

Helena,  the  ancient  name  of  the  island  of  Macronisj. 

Helena,  h61'?-na  or  hgl-e'na,  a  post-village  of  Shelby 
CO.,  Ala.,  on  the  Cahawba  River,  and  on  the  Louisville  & 
Nashville  Railroad,  18  miles  S.  of  Birmingham.  It  has 
several  churches,  schools  for  white  and  colored,  and  a  roll- 
ing-mill.    Coal  is  mined  near  this  place.     Pop.  about  300, 


EEL 


1388 


IIEL 


Helena,  a  po«t-town,  oapiUl  of  Phillips  oo.,  Ark.,  on 
tbo  MlMissiiipi  Uivor,  about  76  milo«  bolow  Mouiphis,  and 
100  miles  K.  by  S.  of  Little  llook.  It  is  the  E.  terminus 
of  the  Arkansits  Central  Uailroad,  and  oontuins  u,  court- 
house, 9  ohurohei,  2  oil-mills,  'i  banks,  printing-offices 
which  issue  a  daily  and  a  weekly  newspaper,  2  ootton-com- 

ftreeseii,  a  brick-yurd,  a  shingle-uiill,  wiitor-works,  electrio- 
ight-worke,  Stc.  AI)out  80,UUO  bales  of  cotton  are  anuually 
■hiimed  here.     Pop.  in  18»0,  6189. 

Ifelenat  a  post-ofiico  of  Lake  oo.,  Col.,  on  the  Arkan- 
M,  about  100  miles  S.W.  of  Denver.    Gold  is  found  here. 

Ilclcnn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa,  in  Rich- 
land township,  on  the  Iowa  River,  about  25  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Marengo.     It  has  a  church  and  a  iiouririg-iiiill. 

Helena,  a  post-hamlct  of  Mason  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Slaysvillo  &  Lexington  Railroad,  13  miles  S.  of  Maysville. 
It  has  a  church,  a  wagon-shop,  •i.e.  The  post-ofiico  name  is 
Helena  Station. 

Helena,  a  township  of  Antrim  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  539. 

Helena,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co.,  Minn.,  in  Helena 
township,  36  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Paul,  and  14  miles  S.  of  Sha- 
kopco.     Tho  township  has  2  churches  nnd  a  pop.  of  1208. 

Helena,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Montana,  and  of  Lewis 
and  Clarke  CO.,  is  situated  in  Prickly  Pear  Valley,  near  the 
Ilocky  Mountains,  about  14  miles  W.  of  the  Missouri  River, 
and  115  miles  N.  of  Virginia  City.  Lat.  40°  35'  36"  N. ; 
Ion.  111°  &2'  45"  W.  It  has  rich  gold-mines,  which  were 
discovered  in  September,  1864,  after  which  the  population 
increased  rapidly.  This  is  tbo  most  populous  town  in  Mon- 
tana. Three  daily  and  10  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.  Helena  contains  a  court-house,  6  national  banks,  a 
United  States  lund-office,  a  graded  school,  several  quartz- 
mills,  flour-mills,  lumber-mills,  and  the  offices  of  various 
public  functionaries;  also  12  churches,  a  Catholic  academy 
and  convent,  and  a  hospital  and  insane  asylum  under 
Cuaholic  management.     Pop.  in  1890,  13,834. 

Helena,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  co.,  Neb.,  on  the 
South  Fork  of  Little  Nemaha  River,  50  miles  S.E.  of  Lincoln. 

Helena,  a  post-village  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  St.  Regis  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Deer  River,  about 
45  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ogdensburg.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
Qouring-mill.     Pop.  150. 

Helena,  a  post-ofiice  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  and  a 
station  on  the  Western  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  17  miles 
N.W.  of  Blairsvillo. 

Helena,  a  post-village  of  Newberry  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
Greenville  <t  Columbia  Railroad,  48  miles  W.N.W.  of  Co- 
lumbia, and  I  mile  W.  of  Newberry,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Laurens  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches,  and  several  machine- 
shops  of  the  railroad. 

Helena,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Karnes  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  Snn  Antonio  River,  about  55  miles  S.E.  of  San  Antonio, 
and  100  miles  S.  of  Austin.  It  has  a  church  and  an 
academy. 

Helena,  or  South  Hinch'inbrook,  a  post-village 
in  Huntingdon  co.,  Quebec,  on  Trout  River,  10  miles  W.S.AV. 
of  Huntingdon.  It  contains  saw-  and  grist-mills,  several 
stores  and  hotels,  and  a  pop.  of  400. 

Helena  Station,  Mason  co.,  Ky.    See  ITelexa. 

Helena  Station,  a  post-village  of  Iowa  co.,  Wis.,  on 
tho  S.  bank  of  the  Wisconsin  River,  and  on  tho  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  <t  St.  Paul  Railroad,  34  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Mad- 
ison.    A  lead-mine  has  been  opened  near  this  place. 

Ilcl'cn  Fur'nace,  a  post-village  of  Clarion  co..  Pa., 
tn  Highland  township,  8  miles  N.  of  Clarion  Court-House. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  planing-mill,  and  several  saw-mills. 
Pop.  about  300. 

Helensburgh,  hJl'^nz-burVah,  a  burgh  and  watering- 
place  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Dumbarton,  on  the  Firth  of  Clyde, 
ut  the  entrance  of  the  Gareloch,  7  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of 
Dumbarton.  It  is  beautifully  situated,  and  has  commodious 
baths,  a  bank,  and  a  good  library.  Numerous  steamers 
ply  hence  to  Greenock  and  Glasgow.     Pop.  6231. 

Hel'enville,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Wis.,  6 
miles  E.  of  Jefferson,  and  about  42  miles  W.  of  Milwaukee. 
It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Hel'enwood,  an  incorporated  post-town  of  Scott  co., 
Tenn.,  11  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Winfield.  It  has  4 
church  organizations,  nnd  coal-mines.     Pop.  299. 

Uelfenstein,  hel'fijn-stJn^  a  post-villnge  of  Schuyl- 
kill CO.,  Pa.,  H  miles  from  Locust  Gap.  It  has  a  church, 
a  coal-mine,  and  is  connected  by  rail  with  Locust  Dale. 

Hel'ford,  a  port  of  England,  co.  of  Cornwall,  near  the 
mouth  of  the  Hel,  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Falmouth. 

Helge-&,  hfil'ghe-o,  or  Helgc-&n,  hSl'ghe-on,  a 
river  in  the  S.  of  Sweden,  enters  the  Baltic  at  Ahus,  12 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Christianstad,  after  a  S.  course  of  80  miles. 


Helgoland,  hdl'go-l&nd,  or  Heligoland,  hdl'e-go- 
llnd  ("  holy  land  ;"  anc.  Her'lhx  Hu'cra  In'mUn),  an  island 
in  the  North  Sea,  formerly  belonging  to  Great  Britain.  It 
is  40  miles  N.W.  of  tho  mouths  of  the  Elbe  and  Wescr. 
Lat.  64°  10'  46"  N.  j  Ion.  7°  63'  7"  E.  It  consists  of  a  rock 
rising  to  about  200  feet  in  height,  on  which  are  a  village 
and  a  light-house.  Tho  inhabitants,  mainly  of  Frisian 
descent,  are  mostly  occupied  as  pilots,  or  in  haddock-  and 
lobster-fisheries.  It  was  held  in  high  veneration  in  ancient 
times,  and  may  be  of  some  importance  as  a  post  in  war- 
time. It  was  owned  by  the  English  from  1807  to  1890, 
when  it  was  acquired  by  Germany  for  the  establishment  of 
a  royal  biological  station.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Helicon,  hdl'e-kon,  or  /agora,  z&-g6'r&,  a  famous 
mountain  of  Greece,  in  Bceotia,  6  miles  S.  of  Livadia. 
Height,  4963  feet.  In  modern  times  it  has  been  called 
alternately  Pala:ovouni  and  Zagora,  but  it  has  latterly 
resumed  its  ancient  name. 

Hel'icon,  a  post-village  of  Crenshaw  co.,  Ala.,  about 
18  miles  N.W.  of  Troy.  It  has  2  or  3  churches  and  an 
academy. 

Heligoland,  North  Sea.    See  Helgoland. 

Heliopolis,  the  ancient  name  of  Matareeysh. 

Heliopolis,  the  Greek  for  Baalbec. 

Hellada,  hfil-liMi'  (anc.  Sper'chiut),  a  river  of  Greece, 
flows  E.,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of  Lamia,  N.  of  Thermopylie, 
after  a  course  of  50  miles. 

Hellah,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey.    See  Hillar. 

Hel'lam,  a  post-village  of  York  co..  Pa.,  in  Hellam 
township,  on  the  York  Branch  of  tho  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road, 6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Columbia.  It  has  2  churches,  an 
academy,  manufactures  of  cigars,  a  planing-mill,  and  a 
saw-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  2164. 

Hellaneeyah,  or  Hcllaniyah.    See  Curia  Muria. 

Hellas,  a  country  of  Europe.    See  Greece. 

Hellebek,  hdl'l§h-bfik\  a  village  of  Denmark,  on  the 
island  of  Seeland,  at  the  N.  entrance  of  the  Sound,  4  miles 
N.W.  of  Elsinore. 

Hellefors,  hfiri§h-foRs\  a  village  of  Sweden,  Iscn  and 
45  miles  N.N.W.  of  Orebro,  on  the  Svartelf,  which  hero  forms 
several  falls.     It  has  extensive  iron-works. 

Hel'len,  a  village  of  Elk  co..  Pa.,  in  Horton  township, 
12  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Ridgway.     It  has  4  lumber-mills. 

Hcllendoorn,  hil'l^n-doRn\  a  village  and  parish 
of  the  Netherlands,  in  Overyssel,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Zwolle. 
Pop.  5671. 

Hel'ler'8,  a  township  of  Newberry  co.,  S.C.    Pop.  2061. 

Heller's  Corners,  a  post-ofiice  of  Allen  co.,  Ind. 

Hel'Icrtown,  a  post-borough  of  Northampton  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  North  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  50  miles  N.  of  Phila- 
delphia, and  4  miles  S.  of  Bethlehem.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  knilting-works,  agricultural-implement-works,  a  news- 
paper ofiice,  and  a  brick-yard.     Pop.  70S. 

Hellespont  (Hellespontus).    See  Dardanellks. 

Hellevoetsluis,  Netherlands.    Sec  Helvobt^luis. 

Hell  Gate,  New  York,  a  narrow,  rocky  part  of  the 
East  River,  is  about  1  mile  E.  of  the  Central  Park,  and  7 
miles  from  the  Battery,  or  lower  end  of  the  city  of  New 
York.  The  navigation  of  this  strait  was  formerly  danger- 
ous and  difiicult,  but  tho  rocks  which  obstructed  it  have 
been  removed. 

Hell  Gate  River,  Montana,  is  formed  by  Deer  Lodge 
Creek  and  the  Little  Blackfoot  River,  which  rise  in  the 
Rocky  Mountains  and  unite  in  Deer  Lodge  co.  It  runs 
nearly  northwestward  through  a  rich  gold-region,  and  unites 
with  the  Bitter  Root  River  in  Missoula  co.  near  the  town  of 
Missoula.  Below  this  junction  the  stream  is  called  Bitter 
Root  or  Clarke's  River. 

Helligvad,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Heldevad. 

Hellin,  fil-yeen'  or  hSl-yeen'  (anc.  Iht'nnm  ?),  a  town 
of  Spain,  province  and  35  miles  S.S.E.  of  Albaccte.  Pop. 
7632.  It  has  various  manufactures,  and  tho  remains  of  a 
Roman  fortress.    Near  it  are  the  mineral  baths  of  Azaraque. 

HellOTO,  h61-lo'vo  (anc.  O'thrys)  a  mountain-range  of 
Greece,  forming  the  S.  boundary  of  Thessaly.  Lat.  39°  N., 
Ion.  from  21°  4'  to  22°  E.  It  is  connected  on  the  AV.  with, 
the  chain  of  Pindus,  of  which  it  is  a  spur.  Eastward  its 
continuation  is  called  Mount  Varibovo.  Its  principal  peak, 
Geraco  Vouni,  rises  to  5570  feet  in  height;  other  suiuniits 
vary  from  3000  to  4400  feet  in  elevation.  The  river  IIcl- 
lada  rises  on  its  S.,  and  the  Emicassos  and  Phanari,  tribu- 
taries of  the  Salembria  (anc.  Pene'ut),  on  its  N.  side. 

Hell's  Sker'ries,  a  cluster  of  the  Hebridean  Isles, 
about  10  miles  W.  of  Rum.  Tho  current  which  runs  be- 
tween them  is  extremely  rapid. 

Helium,  hdl'iam,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  9  mils* 
E.N.E.  of  Groningen. 


UEL 


1389 


HEM 


Hclmarshausen,  hfirmaus-h5w^z?n,  a  town  of  Prus- 
sia, in  Hesse-Nassau,  on  tiio  Diemel,  22  miles  N.  of  Cassel. 

Ilelnibrechts,  hfilm'briKts,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  cir- 
cle of  Upper  Franconia,  N.W.  of  MUnciiborg.     Pop.  2425. 

Ileline,  liSl'm^h,  a  river  of  Prussian  Saxony,  joins 
the  Unstrut  3  miles  S.E.  of  Artern.     Length,  45  miles. 

Ilclmend,  a  river  of  Asia.    See  Helmund. 

Ilelmershausen,  hfil'mers-how'z^n,  a  town  of  Saxe- 
Weimar,  9  miles  W.  of  Meiningcn.     Pop.  965. 

Hel'met  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  in  the  S.AV.  part 
of  the  state,  near  lat.  37°  25'  N.  and  Ion.  108°  8'  W.  It 
has  an  altitude  of  12,042  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

IleI'mick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.,  in  Clark 
township,  about  32  miles  N.  of  Zanesville.  It  has  a  grist- 
mill, a  saw-mill,  and  a  planing-mill. 

Helm'ke's  Mill,  a  station  in  Mendocino  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Mendocino  Railroad,  3  miles  from  Cuflfey's  Cove.  It 
has  lumber-works. 

Hclmond,  hfil'raint  (Fr.  pron.  h8rm6s»'  or  8Pm&iJ»'), 
a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant,  on  the  Aa, 
25  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Bois-le-Duc.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  ribbons,  cotton  goods,  and  linens.     Pop.  7006. 

Helms'dale,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Sutherland, 
on  the  E.  coast,  18  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Govan,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river  of  the  same  name.  It  is  a  great  herring- 
fishing  station.     Pop.  794, 

Helms'ley,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  North 
Riding,  on  the  Rye,  and  on  a  railway,  12  miles  E.  by  N. 
of  Thirsk.  It  has  2  branch  banks,  an  elegant  church,  and 
the  ruins  of  a  castle. 

Helms  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Russell  co.,  Ky.,  43 
miles  from  Somerset.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Helm's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Va. 

Helmstadt,  hfilra'stitt,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Lower 
Franconia,  10  miles  AV.  of  Wiirzburg.     Pop.  1100. 

Helmstadt,  a  village  of  Baden,  9  miles  S.E.  of 
Wcrthcim.     Pop.  1198. 

Ilclmstedt,  or  Helmstiidt,  hJlm'stStt,  a  town  of 
Germany,  duchy  of  Brunswick,  at  a  railway  junction,  21 
miles  E.  of  Brunswick,  Pop.  7783.  It  is  an  old-fashioned 
town,  but  its  fortifications  have  been  turned  into  planted 
walks.  The  principal  buildings  are  the  Lutheran  church, 
town  hall,  court-house,  several  hospitals,  a  gymnasium,  and 
a  normal  school.  It  has  manufactures  of  soap  and  tobacco- 
pipes,  and  alum-  and  vitriol-works.  In  its  vicinity  are 
coal-mines  and  mineral  baths. 

Hclmund,  hSl'mund,  written  also  Helmcnd  (anc. 
Etymaii' drns  or  Etyman'der),  a  river  of  Afghanistan,  rises 
36  miles  W.  of  Cabool,  flows  "W.S.W.  through  the  Afghanis- 
tan Desert,  and  near  lat,  31°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  62°  E.  enters 
Lake  Ilamoon  by  several  mouths,  after  a  total  course  esti- 
mated at  650  miles.  Its  banks  are  very  fertile,  and  abound 
almost  everywhere  with  traces  of  former  cultivation  and 
wealth ;  but  at  a  little  distance  the  country  on  either  side  is 
a  mere  arid  waste. 

Helm'ville,  a  post-office  of  Deer  Lodge  co.,  Montana. 

Helo'tes,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bexar  co.,  Tex., on  Helotcs 
Creek,  15  miles  N.W.  of  San  Antonio.  Two  miles  from 
this  place  is  an  extensive  cave  in  a  hill, 

Help'er  Switch,  a  station  in  Muskingum  co,,  0.,  on 
the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Railroad  (Bellaire  &,  Zanesville  di- 
vision), 11  miles  E.  of  Zanesville. 

Helsa,  hdl'si,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Ilesse-Nassau,  9 
miles  S.E.  of  Cassel.     Pop.  1060. 

Helsingborg,  hfil'sing-bong\  a  fortified  seaport  town 
of  Sweden,  Ian  of  Malmohus,  33  miles  N.N.W.  of  Malmci, 
on  the  Sound,  opposite  Elsinore.  Pop.  7134.  It  has  a  good 
harbor,  a  fine  council-house,  and  manufactures  of  earthen- 
wares and  iron  goods,  and  is  the  terminus  of  two  railways. 

Ilelsingfors,  h5l'sing-fous\  a  seaport  town  of  Russia, 
capital  of  Finland,  on  the  Gulf  of  Finland,  100  miles  E.S.E, 
of  Abo.  Lat.  60°  11'  N. ;  Ion.  24°  57'  E.  Pop.  41,230.  It 
has  a  fine  town  hall,  and  is  the  seat  of  a  university,  re- 
moved from  Abo  in  1827,  various  museums,  and  a  poly- 
technic school.  It  is  the  see  of  a  Lutheran  archbishop,  and 
has  an  active  trade.  Its  harbor  is  defended  by  the  strong 
citadel  of  Sveaborg. 

Ilelsingland,  h«l'sing-lint*,  a  former  division  of 
Sweden,  now  part  of  the  laen  of  Gefle. 

Ilelsingor,  a  town  of  Denmark.    See  Elsinore, 

Hel'stone,  or  Hcl'ston,  a  borough  of  England,  co. 
of  Cornwall,  on  the  Looe,  10  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Fal- 
mouth. It  is  neatly  built,  and  is  watered  by  streams  running 
through  its  streets.  It  has  a  grammar-school,  a  banking 
company,  and  an  export  trade  in  tin,  copper,  and  shoes, 
from  Port  Leven  and  Looe  Pool.  Iron,  coal,  and  timber 
»re  extensively  imported.     Pop.  3797. 


Hell,  a  township  of  Vermilion  co.,  Ind.,  bounded  E. 
by  the  Wabash  River,  and  W.  by  the  Illinois  line.  Pop. 
2794.     It  contains  Hillsdale. 

Ueltau,  hil'tSw,  or  Nagy  Diznod,  nSdj  diz'nod',  a 
village  of  Austria,  in  Transylvania,  6  miles  S,  of  Her- 
mannstadt.     Pop.  3255. 

Hel'ton,  a  post-township  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  1004, 

Hel'ton  Station,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Marion 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Keokuk  &  Northwestern  Rail- 
road, 5  miles  N.W,  of  Hannibal.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
mine  of  iron  ore, 

Hel'tonville,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.,  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Bedford.  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  a  carriage- 
shop,  and  a  plough-factory. 

Helvel'lyn,one  of  the  highest  mountains  of  England, 
CO,  of  Cumberland,  forming  part  of  the  mountain-chain 
between  Keswick  and  Ambleside.     Height,  3055  feet, 

Helvetia.    See  Switzerland. 

Helvetia,  hel-ve'she-a,  a  post-office  of  Carver  co.,  Minn, 

Helvetia,  a  post-office  and  Swiss  settlement  of  Ran- 
dolph CO.,  W.  Va.,  58  miles  S.  of  Clarksburg.  It  has  a 
church,  and  60  families,  mostly  supported  by  agriculture. 

Helvetia,  a  township  of  AVaupaca  co.,  Wis.,  5  miles  N. 
of  Ogdensburg  Railroad  Station.     Pop.  223, 

Helvetic  Confederation.    See  Switzerland, 

Helvoctslnis,  or  Helvoetsloys,  hSPvoot-slois', 
written  also  Hellevoetsluis,  hfiri§h-v6ot-slois',  a  for- 
tified seaport  town  of  the  Netherlands,  province  of  South 
Holland,  on  the  Haringvliet,  the  largest  mouth  of  tho 
Rhine,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Rotterdam,  Pop,  4651,  It  has  a 
fine  harbor,  an  arsenal,  a  dock-yard,  and  a  naval  school, 

Ilelvoirt,  hJlVoiRt',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
North  Brabant,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Bois-le-Duc.     Pop.  1432. 

Hem'atite,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  35  miles  S, 
by  W,  of  St.  Louis.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Hemau,  hi'mSw,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  15  miles  W.N.AV. 
of  Ratisbon.     Pop.  1605, 

Hem'el-Hemp'stead,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Herts,  li  miles  from  Broxmore  station  of  tiie  London  <fe 
Birmingham  Railway,  and  23  miles  N.W.  of  London.  It  is 
pleasantly  situated,  and  has  a  richly  ornamented  Norman 
church,  a  union  workhouse,  the  AVest  Herts  Infirmary,  and 
manufactures  of  straw  plait  and  paper.     Pop.  6996. 

Hemixheim,bi'mix-hime\orHemixem,h4'mcex'- 
fim',  a  village  of  Belgium,  5  miles  S.  of  Antwerp,  near  tho 
right  bank  of  the  Scheldt.  Pop.  3400.  It  contains  a 
church,  and  tho  castles  of  Calbeck  and  Emsdael,  and 
near  it,  at  tho  confluence  of  the  Schelle-AHiet  with  the 
Scheldt,  stands  the  old  Abbey  of  St.  Bernard. 

Hem'lock,  a  post-village  of  Perry  co.,  0.,  in  Salt  Lick 
township,  3  miles  from  Shawnee  Railroad  Station,  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  woollen-factory. 

Hemlock,  a  post-village  of  Cambria  co.,  Pa.,  in  Wash- 
ington township,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  19  or  20 
miles  S.AA^.  of  Altoona,     Coal  is  mined  near  it. 

Hemlock,  a  township  of  Columbia  co..  Pa.   Pop.  1170, 

Hemlock,  a  station  in  Elk  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Philadel- 
phia <fc  Erie  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Mary's, 

Hemlock  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saginaw  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  Saginaw  Valley  <fc  St,  Louis  Railroad,  14  miles  AA^. 
of  East  Saginaw,  It  has  a  saw-mill,  a  shingle-mill,  and  2 
stores. 

Hemlock  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Meigs  co.,  0. 

Hemlock  Gutter,  a  station  in  AVcstport  township, 
Bristol  CO.,  Mass.,  on  tho  New  Bedford  <fc  Fall  River  Rail- 
road, 3  miles  from  Fall  River, 

Hemlock  Hollow,  a  post-office  of  AV^ayne  co.,  Pa. 

Hemlock  Lake,  New  York,  between  Ontario  and 
Livingston  cos.,  is  7  miles  long  and  nearly  1  mile  wide.  The 
outlet  joins  Honeoye  Creek, 

Hemlock  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Livingston  co.,N.Y,, 
on  the  outlet  of  Hemlock  Lake,  about  25  miles  S.  of  Roches- 
ter.   It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  foundry,     P,  257, 

Hem'mingford,  a  post-village  in  Huntingdon  co,. 
Quebec,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Raihvay  (Lachino  &  Prov- 
ince line  division),  36  miles  S.  of  Montreal.  It  is  a  port 
of  entry,  and  contains  2  hotels,  8  stores,  and  saw-,  grist-, 
and  carding-mills.     Pop.  600. 

Hemx>'iield,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  3  miles  AV.  of  Lancaster, 

Hempfield,  a  township  of  Mercer  co..  Pa,  Pop,  1119, 
exclusive  of  the  borough  of  Greenville. 

Hempfield,  a  township  of  AA'estmoreland  co..  Pa,  Pop. 
5819,  inclusive  of  Adamsburg  and  Grapevillc,  but  not  of 
Greensburg. 

Uemp'hill,  a  county  of   the  Panhandle  of  Texas, 


ilEM 


isgo 


HEN 


boiin(l«<l  R.  hy  the  Indian  Territory.     Area,  900  square 
miWr.     Pop  in  1880.  14U;  in  18110,  510. 

Hemphill,  a  station  on  the  West  Cliestor  <t  Philadelphia 
Railruiul,  2  miles  E.  by  S.  of  West  Chester,  Pa. 

Hemphill,  a  jmst-village,  capital  of  Sabine  cc  Tox., 
100  miles  K.  of  Trinity  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Ilemp'stead,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Arkansax, 
bns  an  area  of  about  700  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.K.  by  Little  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  Rod  River, 
which  is  here  navigable.  The  surface  is  billy  or  uneven, 
and  partly  covered  with  forests  of  pino  and  other  trees.  The 
■nil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Among  its  minerals  are  iron  ore  and 
marly  limestone  (cretaceous).  The  Osage  orange  is  in> 
digenous  hero.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  St.  Louis, 
Iron  Mountain  &,  Southern  Rnilroad  and  the  Arkan^ns  <t 
Louisiana  Railrond.  Capital,  Washington.  Pop.  in  1870, 
13.708;  in  1880.  19,015;  in  1890,  22,7Uti. 

Hempstead,  a  post-village  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Hempstead  township,  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad  and 
on  the  Flushing  &  North  Side  Railrond,  20  miles  E.  of 
Brooklyn.  The  Hempstead  Branch  of  the  South  Side  Rail- 
road connects  it  with  Valley  Stream  Station  of  the  main 
line.  It  has  7  churches,  2  newcpa])cr  offices,  a  seminary,  a 
bank,  and  manufactures  of  straw  hats  and  cork  soles.  Poji. 
in  1890,  4831.  The  townahip  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  tlio 
Atlantic  Ocean,  and  comprises  Rockaway,  a  fushionuble 
bathing-place.     Its  surface  is  level.     Pop.  23,756. 

Hempstead,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Waller  co., 
Tex.,  on  or  near  the  E.  bank  of  the  15razos  River,  and  on 
the  Houston  &  Texas  Central  Railroad,  at  the  E.  terminus 
of  the  Austin  Brunch  of  the  same,  50  miles  N.W.  of  Hous- 
ton, and  113  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Austin.  It  has  4  churches, 
an  oil-mill,  and  a  newspaper.     Pop.  in  1890,  1671. 

Hempstead  Bay,  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  situated  on 
the  S.  side  of  Long  Island,  is  6  miles  long  by  2  miles  broad. 

Hems,  a  town  of  Syria.     See  IIoms. 

Hemsbach,  hfims'blK,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the  Borg- 
atrasse,  and  on  the  Main-Neckar  Railway,  3  miles  N.  of 
Wcinheira.     Pon.  1621. 

Hcmsben,  iiSm'so^^n,  a  Swedish  island  in  the  Oulf  of 
Bothni.a,  5  miles  N.N.E.  of  HernJisand.  Length,  from  N. 
to  S.,  5  miles  ;  breadth,  4  miles. 

Heii'agar',  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ala. 

Hen  and  Chick'ens,  a  group  of  islands  at  the  W. 
extremity  of  Lake  Erie,  about  9  miles  W,  of  Point  I'elee 
Island.  The  Hen  is  about  5  acres  in  superficies;  the 
Chickens  are  more  rocks. 

Hen  and  Chick'ens,  a  group  of  islands  in  the 
Malay  Archipelago,  in  the  Strait  of  Macassar,  in  lat.  5°  28' 
S.,  Ion.  117°  54'  E. 

Hcnnres,  d-ni'r{s,  a  river  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile, 
joins  the  .Tarama,  an  affluent  of  the  Tagus,  10  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Madrid,  after  a  S.W.  course  of  75  miles. 

Hendaye,  a  town  of  France.     See  A.n'davb. 

Hcn'derson,  a  county  of  Illinois,  bordering  on  Iowa, 
has  an  area  of  .about  366  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  is  intersected  by  Hen- 
derson River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified 
with  prairies  and  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Maize,  wheat, 
outs,  pork,  and  hay  are  the  staples.  Limestone  underlies 
A  large  part  of  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Chi- 
cago, Burlington  A  Quincy  Railroad  and  the  Atchison, 
Topeka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad.  Capital,  Oquiiwka.  Pop. 
in  1870,  12,582;  in  1880,  10,722;  in  1890,  9876. 

Henderson,  a  western  county  of  Kentucky,  adjacent 
to  Evansville,  Ind.,  has  an  area  of  about  472  square  miles. 
Tt  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  S.E. 
by  Green  River,  which  enters  the  Ohio  in  the  N.  part  of 
this  county.  The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly,  and  a  large 
part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  \ery  fertile. 
Tobacco,  Indian  corn,  pork,  and  grass  are  the  staple  prod- 
acts.  In  1870  it  produced  6,600,506  pounds  of  tobacco, 
and  more  than  any  other  county  in  the  United  States.  This 
county  hag  beds  of  coal.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Louis- 
ville A  Nashville,  Ohio  Valley,  and  Louisville,  St.  Louiw 
&  Texas  Railroads.  Capital,  Henderson.  Pop.  in  1870, 
18,457;  in  1880,  24,515;  in  1890,  29,536. 

Henderson,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  North  Caro- 
lina, has  an  area  of  about  350  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  and  S.  by  the  Blue  Ridge,  and  on  the  W.  by  the 
French  Broad  River.  The  surface  is  partly  mountainous, 
and  mostly  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  pork,  and  grass  are  the  staple  prod- 
l^cts.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Richmond  A  Dan- 
Tille  Railroad.  Capital,  Hendersonville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
7706;  in  1880,  10,281;  in  1890,  12,589. 


Henderson,  a  county  of  West  Tennessee,  has  an  area 
of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Bueoh  and  Big 
Sandy  Crooks,  atlluents  of  tho  Tennessee  River.  The  sur- 
face is  nearly  level,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  oak, 
chestnut,  tulip-tree,  Ac.  In  1870  this  county  had  2;tl,446 
acres  of  woodland.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian 
corn,  pork,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  Marl  ia 
abundant.  This  county  is  intersected  from  E.  to  W.  by  the 
Tennessee  Midland  Railroad,  whiuh  passes  through  LeX' 
ington,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  14,217 
in  1880,  17,430;  in  1890,  16,336. 

Henderson,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Texas. 
Area,  960  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Neohea 
River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  Trinity  River.  The  surface  i* 
undulating  or  hilly.  Tho  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian 
corn,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
St.  Louis  A  Southwestern  Railroad.  Capital,  Athena. 
Pop.  in  1870,  6786;  in  1880,  9735;  in  1890,  12,285. 

Henderson,  a  poH-village  of  Pike  co.,  Ala.,  12  miles 
S.W.  of  Troy.  It  has  3  stores,  and  there  are  several  churches 
near  it.     Pop.  about  250. 

Henderson,  a  hamlet  of  Houston  co.,  Qa.,  10  miles 
from  Perry  Railroad  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Henderson,  a  station  on  tho  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  A 
Terre  Haute  Railroad,  4  miles  E.N.E.  of  Greenville,  111. 

Henderson,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co..  111.,  in  Hen- 
derson township,  3  miles  W.  of  Wataga,  and  5  miles  N.  of 
Galesburg.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  graded  school.  Coal 
abounds  here.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1742. 

Henderson,  a  post-village  of  Mills  co.,  Iowa,  9  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Hastings.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  Ac.     Pop.  201. 

Henderson,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Henderson  co.,  Ivy., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  10  miles  below  Evansville,  Ind.,  and 
74  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Hopkinsville.  It  has  a  court-house, 
10  churches,  a  national  bank,  2  other  banks,  18  tobacco- 
factories,  3  newspaper  offices,  2  foundries,  a  cotton-factory, 
3  grist-mills,  2  saw-mills,  a  woollen-factory,  a  churn-factory, 
Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  8835. 

Henderson,  a  post-office  of  East  Carroll  parish.  La. 

Henderson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caroline  co.,  Md.,  54 
miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Wiluiington,  Del. 

Henderson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shiawassee  co.,  Mich., 
on  Shiawassee  River,  and  on  the  Saginaw  division  of  the 
Michigan  Central  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Corunna.  It  baa 
a  ciiurch  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Henderson,  a  township  of  Wexford  co.,  Mich.    P.  75. 

Henderson,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Sibley  co., 
Minn.,  in  Henderson  township,  on  the  left  or  W.  bank  of 
the  Minnesota  River,  about  30  miles  below  Mankato,  and 
50  miles  S.W.  of  Minneapolis.  It  is  i  mile  from  tho  St. 
Paul  A  Sioux  City  Railroad,  which  is  on  the  other  bank  of 
the  river,  at  East  Henderson.  Henderson  contains  a  court- 
house, 4  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  bank,  and  a  grist- 
mill. A  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.  Pop.  (1890) 
of  borough,  909;  of  township,  additional,  719. 

Henderson,  a  post- village  of  Webster  co..  Mo.,  in 
Benton  township,  about  13  miles  E.S.E.  of  Springfield.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  drug-store,  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Henderson,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Henderson  township,  about  18  miles  S.W.  of  Watertown, 
and  2  miles  from  Lake  Ontario.  It  has  3  churches,  2  flour- 
ing-mills,  and  a  planing-mill.  Pop.  358.  The  township  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  Lake  Ontario,  and  has  a  steamboat- 
landing.     Pop.  1688. 

Henderson,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Vance  co.,  N.C., 
t4  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Raleigh,  and  12  miles  E.  of 
Oxford.  It  has  10  churches,  2  banks,  a  female  college,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  tobacco.  Pop.  in 
189(1.  4191. 

Henderson,  a  station  on  the  Cleveland,  Columbus  A 
Cincinnati  Railroad,  31  miles  N.  of  Cincinnati,  0. 

Henderson,  townshi]),  Huntingdon  co.,  I'a.    Pop.  661. . 

Henderson,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
884.     It  contains  the  village  of  Big  Kun. 

Henderson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  in  Worth 
township,  about  15  miles  S.W.  of  Franklin.    It  has  a  church. 

Henderson,  a  station  on  tho  Chester  Valley  Railroad, 
3  miles  S.W.  of  Norristown,  Pa. 

Henderson,  a  post-vill.ago  of  Madison  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Mobile  A  Ohio  Railroad,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Jackson.  It 
has  a  masonic  institute  for  both  sexes,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  6  churches  (2  colored).     Pop.  about  GOO. 

Henderson,  a  po.*t-vill.age,  caj)it.al  of  Rusk  co.,  Tex., 
about  55  miles  N.E.  of  Palestine,  and  40  miles  S.W.  of 
Marshall.  It  is  the  seat  of  Henderson  College  for  both 
sexes,  which  was  organized  in  1871.     It  has  4  churches,  a 


HEN 


1391 


HEN' 


bank,  3  newspaper  offices,  pottery-works,  and  a  foundry. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1536. 

lleiitlcrson  Harbor,  a  hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y., 
on  Henderson  Cay,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Sackett's  Harbor. 

Henderson  Lake,  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  is  about  2i  miles 
long,  and  is  connected  with  Lake  Sandford  by  the  Adiron- 
dack River.     It  is  1874  feet  above  tide-water. 

Henderson's,  a  station  on  the  Atlantic,  Tennessee  & 
Dhio  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Charlotte,  N.C. 

Henderson's  Cross  Uoads,  a  post-oiEco  of  Wilson 
CO.,  Tenn. 

Henderson's  Island,  Pacific  Ocean.  See  Eliza- 
beth Island. 

Henderson's  Island,  Col.    See  Island  Station. 

Henderson's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  Ky. 

Henderson's  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Sevier  co., 
Tenn. 

Henderson  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ford  co.,  111., 
in  I'atton  township,  on  the  Lafayette,  Bloomington  <fc  Mis- 
sissippi Railroad,  4i  miles  W.  of  Paxton. 

Henderson  Station,  Greene  co.,  Tenn.    See  Home. 

Hcn'dersonville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Henderson 
CO.,  N.C,  in  Ilendersonville  township,  on  the  Spartanburg 
&  Asheville  Railroad,  about  36  miles  N.AV.  of  Spartanburg, 
and  100  miles  W.  of  Charlotte.  It  has  an  academy,  4 
churches,  a  bank,  a  canning-factory,  a  furniture- factory, 
and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  in  1890,  1216;  of  the  town- 
ship, 3355. 

Hendersonville,  a  post-village  of  Sumner  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  15  miles  N.  by  E. 
of  Nashville.  It  has  2  churches,  the  Sumner  High  School, 
and  a  flouring-mill. 

Hen'drick,  a  post-office  of  Blount  co.,  Ala. 

Hen'dricks,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  In- 
diana, has  an  area  of  400  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  head  streams  of  Eel  River  and  by  White  Lick  Creek. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  good  timber.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  cattle,  pork,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  3  railroads, — the  Vandalia,  the 
Indianapolis,  Decatur  A  Western,  and  the  Cleveland,  Cin- 
cinnati, Chicago  &  St.  Louis,  the  latter  road  passing  through 
Danville,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  iu  1870,  20,277 ; 
in  1880,  22,981;  in  1890,  21,498. 

Hendricks,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1704. 

Hendricks,  a  post-office  of  Otoe  co..  Neb. 

Hendricks,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Porkiomen  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Pennsburg.  It  has 
a  church. 

Hendrick's  Head,  a  point  at  the  entrance  of  Sheeps- 
oott  River,  Me.,  has  a  fixed  light  30  feet  high. 

Hen'drickson,  a  post-oflice  of  Butler  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  Poplar 
Bluff. 

Hendrick's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co.,  Va. 

Hen'drix,  a  post-office  of  McLean  co.,  111.,  on  the  Illi- 
nois Central  Railroad,  2  miles  S.  of  Bloomington. 

Hen'drum,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  Minn. 

Hendrysburg,  hen'drlz-burg,  a  post-village  of  Bel- 
mont CO.,  0.,  5  miles  N.  of  Barnesville,  and  about  26  miles 
W.  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va.   It  has  2  churches  and  a  distillery. 

Hendy  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Chemung  co.,  N.Y. 

Heneagua,  Bahama  Islands.    See  Inagua. 

Hen'ery,  a  small  fortified  island  of  British  India, 
presidency  and  15  miles  S.  of  Bombay.  Lat.  18°  41'  N.; 
Ion.  72°  57'  E.  Adjacent  to  it  is  another  islet,  also  fortified, 
and  named  Kenery. 

Hengam,  an  island  of  Asia.    See  Angaum. 

Heng«  CIioo-Foo,  hflng' - choo' - foo',  or  Heng- 
Tcheou,  hfing-chi-oo',  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Hoo- 
Nan,  on  the  Heng-Kiang.     Lat.  26°  55'  N. ;  Ion.  112°  18'E. 

Hengelo,  h5ng*Heh-lo',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Overyssel,  34  miles  S.E.  of  Zwollo.     Pop.,  with  parish,  6388, 

Hengelo,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Gelderland, 
19  miles  E.N.E.  of  Arnhem.     Pop.,  with  parish,  3487. 

Hengersberg,  hSng'^rs-bfiiio',  a  town  of  Lower  Ba- 
varia, on  the  Danube,  23  miles  N.W.  of  Passau.     Pop.  1340. 

Heng-Kiang,  h8ng^-ke-ing',  a  river  of  China,  prov- 
ince of  Hoo-Nan,  after  a  N.  course  of  nearly  300  miles, 
traverses  Tong-Ting-Hoo,  and  enters  the  Yang-tse-Kiang. 
The  cities  of  Heng-Choo-Foo  and  Chang-Sha  are  on  ite 
banks. 

Hengoed,  hSng'o-ed  or  hin'gwSd,  a  village  of  Wales, 
•0.  of  Carmarthen,  1  mile  N.  of  Llanelly.     Pop.  2167. 

Hengoed,  a  village  of  Wales,  co.  of  Glamorgan,  5 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Caerphilly.     Pop.  882. 

Hengwiller,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Ingwiller. 


H6nin-Li6tard,  hi-niNo'-le-A'tan',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Pas-de-Calais,  at  a  railway  junction,  16  miles  E.S.E.  of 
B6thune.  Pop.  5491.  It  has  coal-mines,  a  glass-factory, 
and  a  manufactory  of  cambric. 

Hen'lcy,  a  decayed  post-village  of  Siskiyou  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  Klamath  River,  about  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Yreka. 

Hen'ley-in-Ar'den,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  AVor- 
wick,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Arrow  and  the  Alne,  SJ  miles 
W.  of  Warwick.  It  contains  a  church  with  a  beautiful  in- 
terior, of  the  time  of  Edward  III.,  and  remains  of  an 
ancient  market-cross.     Pop.  1101. 

Henley-on-Thames,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  and 
23  miles  S.E.  of  Oxford,  on  a  railway.  The  town  is  beau- 
tifully situated  at  the  foot  of  the  Chiltern  Hills.  It  has  an 
elegant  five-arched  stone  bridge  across  the  Thames,  a  Gothic 
church  with  a  lofty  spire,  grammar-schools,  almshouses, 
and  a  trade  in  malt,  corn,  and  timber.     Pop.  4523. 

Hen'leys,  a  post-office  of  Amherst  co.,  Va. 

Ilen'Icyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tehama  co.,  Cal.,  14 
miles  W.  of  Tehama  Station. 

Henlopen,  Cape.    See  Cape  IIenlopen. 

Ilenneberg,  hfin'n^h-bSao',  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Saxe-Meiningen,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Mciningen.     Pop.  565. 

Ilennebont,  or  Ilcnnebon,  hfinn'biN"',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Morbihan,  on  the  Blavet,  35  miles  by  rail  AV.N.W. 
of  Vannes.     It  has  considerable  trade  by  sea.     Pop.  4844. 

Hennegau,  or  Henncgowcn.    See  Hainaut. 

Hen'nepin,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Minnesota,  has 
an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  tho 
N.E.  and  E.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  on  the  S.  by  the  Min- 
nesota River,  and  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Crow  River.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  numerous 
small  lakes,  one  of  which  is  named  Minnetonka.  A  large 
part  of  this  county  is  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  oak, 
ash,  and  sugar-maple  abound.  Tho  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  nay,  and  butter  are  tho  staple  products. 
Silurian  limestone  underlies  a  part  of  the  soil.  This  county 
is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  the 
Chicago,  Burlington  &,  Northern  Railroad,  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul  <fe 
Kansas  City  Railroad,  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis 
&  Omaha  Railroad,  and  other  railroads.  Capital,  Minne- 
apolis,    Pop.  in  1880,  67,013;  in  1890,  185,294. 

Hennepin,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Putnam  co.,  111., 
on  the  left  bank  of  the  Illinois  River,  about  28  miles  below 
Ottawa,  100  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago,  and  3  miles  S.E.  of 
Bureau  Junction  Station.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  3 
churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  bank.     Pop.  In  1890,  574. 

Ilennersdorf,  hSn'n§rs-doref\  or  Unter  Branna, 
oon't^r  br&n'ni,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  at  the  confluence 
of  the  Sowinetz  with  the  Elbe.     Pop.  1300. 

Hennersdorf,  or  Gross  Hennersdorf,  groce  hSn'- 
n?rs-donf  ^  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Saxony,  21  miles  S.E. 
of  Bautzen.     Pop.  1429,  mostly  Moravians. 

Hennersdorf-in-Seifen,  han'n^rs-doBf^-in-si-fjn, 
a  town  of  Germany,  in  Saxony,  1  mile  N.AV.  of  Gross  Hen- 
nersdorf.    Pop,  6309,  engaged  in  weaving,  Ac. 

Hen'nessey,  a  post-village  of  Kingfisher  co.,  Okla- 
homa, 51  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Union  City.     It  has  4  churches, 

2  banks,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  800. 
Hen'niker,  a  post-town  of  Merrimack  co.,  N.H.,  on  the 

Contoocook  River,  20  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Concord.     It  has 

3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  paper-mill,  a  shoe-factory, 
&o.     Pop.  1385. 

Hen'ning,  a  post-office  of  Vermilion  co..  111. 

Henning,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lauderdale  co.,  Tenn.,  9 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Covington.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Hen'ning's  Mills,  a  post-hamlct  of  Clermont  co., 0-, 
2i  miles  from  Williamsburg  Station,  and  about  28  miles  E. 
of  Cincinnati.     It  has  a  church  and  a  chair-factory, 

Hennuyeres,  hfin^nU^yain',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
Hainaut,  15  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1550. 

Henon,  h^h-ndxo',  a  village  of  France,  in  C&tes-du- 
Nord,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Saint-Brieuc.     Pop.  306. 

Hen  Peck,  a  hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.,  2i  miles  from 
Hoover  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Henri-Chapelle,  hftNo^ree'-shi'p^ll',  a  village  of  Bel- 
gium, 17  miles  E.N.E.  of  Liege.     Pop.  1440. 

Henrichemont,  h6N"Veesh*miN"',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Cher,  17  miles  W.  of  Sancerre.     Pop.  1516. 

Henrico,  hin-ri'ko,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of 
Virginia,  has  an  area  of  about  250  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.E,  by  the  Chickahominy  River,  and  on 
the  S.W.  by  the  James  River.  The  surface  is  moderately 
hilly,  and  presents  picturesque  scenery.  Tertiary  strata 
are  found  in  the  S,E,  part  and  granite  in  the  N,W,  part 
of  this  county.     Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  oats  are  the. staple 


HEN 


1S92 


HEN 


ErodneU.  ThU  county  has  minei  of  bituminous  coal.  It 
I  intArseoted  by  the  Cliosapoalte  A  Ohio  Kailrond.  Other 
railroads  connected  with  it  are  noticed  in  the  article  on 
Riohmond,which  is  the  capital  of  the  county  and  of  Virginia. 
This  is  the  most  populous  county  of  the  state.  Pop.  in  1870, 
66,170;  in  1880,  82,7U3;  in  18U0,  103,:{U4. 

Heu^rict'taf  a  post-offioo  of  Jackson  oo.,  Mich.,  in 
llenrietta  township,  ut  Marsh's  Corners,  about  10  uiiles 
M.E.  of  Jackson.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1 145. 

Henrietta,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  eo.,  Mo.,  9  miles 
from  Windsor  Station. 

Henrietta^  a  post-office  of  Nuckolls  co.,  Neb.,  20  miles 
6.  of  Edgar. 

Henrietta,  sometimes  called  East  Henrietta,  a 
post-villuge  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Henrietta  township, 
about  6  miles  S.  of  Rochester.  It  contains  3  churches,  an 
academy,  and  a  carriage-shop.  The  township  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  the  Genesee  Kiver.  Pop.  of  the  township 
in  1890, 2135.  llenrietta  Station  on  the  Rochester  division 
of  the  Erie  Railroad  is  in  this  township,  at  the  village  of 
'\Ve.''t  Henrietta,  9  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Rochester. 

Henrietta,  a  post-villngc  of  Lorain  co.,  0.,  in  Hen- 
rietta township,  about  5  miles  N.W.  of  Oborlin,  and  3  miles 
N.  of  Kipton  Station.  It  has  several  churches  and  cheese- 
factories.     Pop.  of  the  township,  819. 

Henrietta,  a  post-hamlet  of  Blair  co.,  Pa.,  is  at  the  S. 
terminus  of  the  Morrison's  Cove  Branch  of  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad,  28  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Altoona.  It  has  an 
iron-mine  and  16  bouses. 

Henrietta,  a  post-office  of  Cheatham  co.,  Tenn. 

Henrietta,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clay  co.,  Tex., 
95  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Fort  Worth.  It  has  8  churches, 
2  banks,  manufactures  of  flour,  cigars,  <fec.,  and  3  news- 
paper offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  2100. 

llenrietta,  a  post- township  of  Richland  co..  Wis., 
about  12  miles  N.  of  Richland  Centre.  It  contains  Wood- 
stock.    Pop.  1143. 

Hen'ry,  the  most  S.E.  county  of  Alabama.  Area,  984 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Chattahoochee 
River,  which  separates  it  from  Georgia.  The  surface  is 
nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  pine 
and  other  trees ;  the  soil  is  partly  sandy.  Cotton,  maize, 
and  pork  are  the  staples.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Alabama 
Midland  Railroad.  Capital,  Abbeville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
14,191;  in  1880, 18,761  ;  in  1890,  24,847. 

Henry,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  322  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  by  South  River,  an  affluent  of  the  Ocmulgee.  The 
surface  is  hilly  or  uneven,  and  nearly  half  of  it  is  covered 
•with  forests ;  the  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian 
corn,  and  wheat  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad  and 
the  Central  of  Georgia  Railro.ad.  Among  its  minerals 
are  iron  and  quartz.  Capital,  McDonough.  Pop.  in  1870, 
10,102;  in  1880,  14,193;  in  1890,  16,220. 

Henry,  a  county  in  the  N.AV.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an 
area  of  about  830  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W. 
by  Rock  River,  is  intersected  by  Green  River,  and  is  also 
drained  by  Edwards  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  A  large  portion  of  it  is 
prairie.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  pork,  and 
butter  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  valuable 
mines  of  bituminous  coal  and  quarries  of  limestone.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  <t  Pacific  Railroad, 
the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  and  the  Rock 
Island  &  Peoria  Railroad,  the  last-mentioned  railroad  pass- 
ing through  Cambridge,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  35,506; 
in  1880,  36,597;  in  1890,  33.388. 

.  Henry,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Indiana,  has  an  area 
of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Big  Blue 
River,  and  also  drained  by  Fall  Creek.  The  surface  is  partly 
undulating  and  partly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests,  in  which  the  sugar-maple  abounds  ;  the  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  hay,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Fort  Wayne  & 
Louisville  Railroad,  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  & 
bt.  Louis  Railroad,  and  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati,  Chicago 
&  St  Louis  Railroad.  Capital,  New  Castle.  Pop.  in  1870, 
22,986;  in  1880,  24,016;  in  1890,  23,879. 

Henry,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an  area 
of  432  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Skunk  River,  and 
also  drained  by  Cedar  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating, 
and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  forests  of  hard  timber, 
which  is  here  abundant;  the  soil  is  very  fertile,  and  is  based 
on  limestone.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  pork,  and 
butter  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed 
by  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quiu«y  Railroad,  the  St. 


Louis,  Keokuk  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  the  Burlington 
A  Northwestern  Railway,  and  the  Burlington  A  Western 
Railroad.  Capital,  Mount  Pleasant.  Pop.  in  1870,  21,463; 
in  1880,  20,986  ;  in  1890,  18,895. 

Henry,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kentucky.  Area, 
272  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Ken- 
tucky River,  which  is  here  navigable  by  steamboats.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests 
of  the  oak,  beech,  and  other  trees;  the  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  tobacco,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Limestone  of  good  quality  underlies  the  soil.  This 
county  is  directly  connected  with  Cincinnati  by  the  Louis- 
ville, Cincinnati  A  Lexington  Railroad.  Capital,  Newcastle. 
Pop.  in  1870,  11,066;  in  1880,  14,492;  in  1890,  14,164. 

Henry,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an 
area  of  740  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Grand  Biver, 
and  is  also  drained  by  Deep  Water  and  Tebo  Creeks.  The 
Osage  River  touches  the  S.E.  corner  of  this  county.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  diversified  with  prairies  and  for- 
ests of  the  oak,  hickory,  walnut,  Ac. ;  the  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Among  its  mineral  resources  is  bituminous  coal. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Missouri,  Kansas  A  Texas 
Railroad,  the  Kansas  City,  Osceola  A  Southern  Railroad, 
and  the  Kansas  City,  Fort  Scott  A  Memphis  Railroad. 
Capital,  Clinton.  Pop.  in  1870,  17,401;  in  1880,23,906; 
in  1890,  28,235. 

Henry,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an  area 
of  about  420  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Maumce 
River,  and  also  drained  by  Beaver  Creek.  The  surface  is 
nearly  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  dense 
forests  of  the  ash,  beech,  elm,  hickory,  sugar-maple,  and 
oak  ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  and  oats 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the 
Wabash  Railroad,  the  Chicago  division  of  the  Baltimore  A 
Ohio  Railroad,  and  the  Toledo,  St.  Louis  A  Kansas  City 
Railroad.  Capital,  Napoleon.  Pop.  in  1870,  14,028;  in 
1880,  20,585;  in  1890,  25,080. 

Henry,  a  county  of  West  Tennessee,  borders  on  Ken- 
tucky. Area,  about  580  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E*.  by  the  Tennessee  and  Big  Sandy  Rivers,  and  is  partly 
drained  by  the  North  and  South  Forks  of  the  Obion  River, 
which  rise  in  it.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
cotton,  tobacco,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Lime- 
stone is  found  here.  Cretaceous  strata  underlie  part  of  this 
county,  which  is  intersected  by  the  Louisville  A  Nashville 
Railroad  and  the  Paducah,  Tennessee  A  Alabama  Railroad, 
both  of  which  communicate  with  Paris,  the  capital.  Pop. 
in  1870,  20,380;  in  1880,  22,142;  in  1890,  21,070. 

Henry,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Virginia,  bordering 
on  North  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  410  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  Smith's  River,  an  affluent  of  D.nn  River. 
The  surface  is  hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests. 
Tobacco,  Indian  corn,  and  oats  are  the  staples.  The  county 
is  traversed  by  the  Danville  <fc  Western  and  the  Roanoke 
A  Southern  Railroads.  Capital,  Martinsville.  Pop.  in 
1870,  12,303;  in  1880,  16,009;  in  1890,  18,208. 

Henry,  a  post-village  in  Henry  township,  Marshall  co., 
III.,  on  the  right  or  W.  bank  of  the  Illinois  River,  and  on 
the  Peoria  Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  <t  Pacific 
Railroad,  7  miles  above  Lacon,  and  33  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Peoria.  It  contains  8  churches,  a  national  bank,  2  news- 
paper offices,  and  Marshall  College,  founded  in  1855.  Pop. 
1512;  of  the  township,  1865.  Here  is  a  combination  bridge, 
lock,  and  dam  of  the  Illinois  River  Improvement. 

Henry,  a  township  of  Fulton  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  2374. 

Henry,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  4009. 

Henry,  a  post-office  of  Ray  co..  Mo.,  at  Lexington  Junc- 
tion, where  two  divisions  of  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  A 
Northern  Railroad  cross  each  other,  5  miles  N.  of  Lexington. 

Henry,  a  post-village  of  Codington  co.,  S.D.,  18  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Watertown.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  carriage-factory,  Ac.     Pop.  194. 

Henry,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Tenn.,  9  miles  by 
rail  S.  by  W.  of  Paris.     It  has  a  church. 

Henry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  Ya.,  5  miles  E.  of 
Jarrett's  Railroad  Station. 

Hen'ry,  a  post- village  in  Prescott  co.,  Ontario,  4i  miles 
S.  of  L'Orignal.     Pop.  200. 

Henry  Clay  Foc'tory,  or  Rokeby,  rok'be,  a  post- 
village  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  2i  miles  N.W.  of  Wilming- 
ton, and  i  mile  from  Greenville  Station.  It  has  4  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  powder,  cotton,  and  wool. 

Henry  Lake,  Idaho,  lies  among  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
near  the  S.W.  border  of  Montana,  about  lat.  44°  38'  N., 
Ion.  111°  34'  W.    It  is  3  or  4  miles  long,  and  6443  feet  above 


HEN 


1393 


HER 


the  level  of  the  sea.  Henry's  Fork  of  the  Snake  River 
rises  in  this  lake,  which  is  environed  by  mountains  and  four 
remarkable  passes,  namely,  Raynold's  Pass,  Targee  or  East 
Pass,  Henry's  or  South  Pass,  and  Rod  Rock  or  West  Pass. 

Henry's,  a  post-office  of  McDowell  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Western  North  Carolina  Railroad,  118  miles  W.  of  Salisbury. 

Henry's  Bend,  a  station  in  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Titusville  &  Buffalo  Railroad,  and  on  the  Alle- 
ghany River,  2  miles  E.  of  Oleopolis. 

Henry's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sevier  co., 
Fcnn.,  11  miles  S.S.E.  of  Strawberry  Plains.  It  has  a 
}hurch  and  an  academy. 

Henry's  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Roane  co.,  W.  Va. 

Henry's  Fork  of  Green  River  rises  among  the  Uintah 
Mountains,  on  the  slope  of  Gilbert's  Peak,  near  the  S.  border 
of  Uintah  co.,  Wyoming,  runs  nearly  eastward,  and  enters 
the  Green  River  in  Sweetwater  co.,  after  a  course  of  about 
7o  miles.     Its  valley  is  fertile  and  beautiful. 

Henry's  Fork  of  the  Snake  River  rises  in  Henry 
Lake,  Idaho,  among  the  Rocky  Mountains.  It  runs 
southward  and  southwestward  in  Oneida  co.,  Idaho,  and 
enters  the  Snake  River  near  lat.  43°  40'  N.,  Ion.  112°  W. 
It  is  about  150  miles  long.  Several  cataracts  occur  on  this 
river. 

Henry  Station,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Louisville  &  Memphis  Railroad,  121  miles  N.E.  of 
Memphis.  It  has  4  churches,  a  male  and  female  institute, 
and  a  cotton-factory. 

Hen'rysville,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Ala., 
about  30  miles  S.E.  of  lluntsville.  It  has  a  church  and  the 
Marshall  Institute. 

Henrysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  45  miles  S.E. 
of  Scranton. 

Hen'ryton,  a  station  on  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Rail- 
road, 28  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Baltimore,  Aid. 

Hen'ryville,  a  post-village  of  Clarke  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Jcffersonville,  Madison  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  20  miles 
N.  of  Louisville,  Ky.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  and  a 
spoke-factory.     Pop.  300. 

Henryville,  a  village  of  Logan  co.,  Ky.,  10  miles  N. 
of  Russellville. 

Henryville,  a  township  of  Renville  co.,  Minn.    P.  342. 

Henryville,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Miss. 

Henryville,  a  village  of  Curry  co.,  Oregon,  66  miles 
S.W.  of  Roseburg.     Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  100. 

Henryville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Tenn.,  25 
miles  S.AV.  of  Columbia.     It  has  a  church.  * 

Hen'ryville,  or  Saint  George  de  Henryville 
siN"  zhouzh  d§h  hftsoVeeS-eel'  (also  called  Riviere  du 
Sud,  reeVe-aiR'  dU  siid),  a  post-village  in  Iberville  co., 
Quebec,  on  Riviere  du  Sud,  9  miles  W.  of  Des  Rivieres.  It 
has  2  stores,  4  hotels,  a  convent,  and  2  churches.    Pop.  700. 

Henschau,  a  village  of  Hungary.    See  Hanusfalva. 

Hensies,  hSns'yes  or  h6so^see',  a  village  of  Belgium, 
in  Hainaut,  Hi  miles  W.N.W.  of  Mons.     Pop.  1828. 

Hens'ley,  a  township  of  Champaign  co..  111.    Pop.  804. 

Henslcy,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1668. 

Hen'sonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Windham  township,  about  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Albany.  It 
has  a  church. 

Henzada,  hen-z^'di,  or  Henthada,  hcn-thS,'d&,  a 
town  of  British  Burmah,  capital  of  the  district  of  Henzada, 
on  the  Irrawaddy,  66  miles  W.N.W.  of  Pegu.     Pop.  15,285. 

Henzada,  formerly  Myanoung,  mee^i-nowng',  a 
district  of  British  Burmah,  in  Pegu.  Area,  4047  square 
miles.     Capital,  Henzada.     Pop.  476,612. 

Heong-Shan,  he-ong*-shAn',  a  commercial  town  of 
China,  in  Quang-Tong,  on  a  branch  of  the  Canton  River,  22 
miles  N.W.  of  Macao. 

Hcp'burn,  a  post-village  of  Pago  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Brownville  &  Nodaway  Valley  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Cla- 
rinda.     Pop.  about  100. 

Hepburn,  a  township  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  971. 

Ileperjes,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Epeuies. 

Hepha,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Haiffa. 

Ilcph'zibah,  a  post-village  of  Richmond  co.,  Ga.,  14 
miles  S.W.  of  Augusta.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school, 
a  flint-quarry,  and  a  manufactory  of  ploughs,  wagons,  <to. 

Hep'ler,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Walnut  township,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Rail- 
I    road,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Fort  Scott.     It  has  a  church. 

Hepler,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  about  20 
j   miles  W.  of  Pottsville. 

Hcppenheim,  h6])'p§n-hime\  a  walled  town  of  H&sse, 
on  the  Main-Neckar  Railway,  16  miles  S.  of  Darmstadt. 
it  has  manufactures  of  leather,  wine,  <feo.    Pop.  4258. 


Heppenheim-an-der-Wiese,  h5p'p?n-hime*-in- 
diR-^ee'z^h,  a  village  of  Hesse,  33  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mcatz, 
on  the  Eisbach.     Pop.  1268. 

Hepp'ner,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Morrow  co.,  Oregon, 
55  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Willows  Junction.  It  has  4 
churches,  2  banks,  an  academy,  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
planing-mill,  a  flour-mill,  <tc.     Pop.  675. 

Hep'worth,  a  post-village  in  Grey  co.,  Ontario,  12 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Owen  Sound.     Pop.  100. 

Heraclea,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Demir-Hissae. 

Heraclea,  or  Heracleia,  Asia.    See  Ereglee. 

Heraiki,an  island  of  the  Pacific.   SeeCROKER  Island. 

Heraklia,  or  Heraclia,  hSr'i-klee'i  (anc.  Domj'sa), 
a  small  island  of  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  6  miles  S.  of 
Naxos,  4  miles  long  and  3  miles  wide. 

Her'ald  Island,  Alaska,  in  the  Arctic.  Lat.  71°  20' 
N. ;  Ion.  175°  16'  W. 

Herald's  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  township  of  White  co., 
111.     It  is  traversed  by  the  Little  Wabash  River.     P.  1160, 

Herat,  h?r-At',  Heraut,  he-rit',  or  Herath,  h?r- 
it'h,  formerly  Heri,  hi'ree^,  a  fortified  city  of  Afghan- 
istan, capital  of  a  chiefship,  near  the  Herri-Rood,  or  Ilury 
River,  360  miles  W.  of  Cabool,  and  200  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Meshed,  in  Khorassan.  Lat.  34°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  62°  30'  E. 
Elevation,  2500  feet.  A  ditch,  mound,  and  bastioned  wall 
enclose  an  oblong  area,  1  mile  in  length,  entered  by  five 
gates,  the  interior  divided  by  four  arched  bazaars  meeting 
in  a  domed  quadrangle  in  the  centre  of  the  city.  Herat  con- 
tains many  shops,  caravansaries,  public  baths,  reservoirs, 
and  mosques.  On  the  N.  side  of  the  city  is  a  strong  cita- 
del, and  without  the  walls  are  magnificent  ruins  of  a  re- 
ligious edifice,  and  an  enormous  mound,  raised  by  Nadir 
Shah.  The  vicinity  is  very  beautiful,  irrigated  by  numer- 
ous canals,  and  highly  productive.  Herat  has  been  usually 
one  of  the  most  flourishing  places  in  the  East,  as  a  grand 
mart  for  the  products  of  India,  China,  Tartary,  Afghanistan, 
and  Persia.  It  has  manufactures  of  silks,  carpets,  sheep- 
skin caps  and  cloaks,  shoes,  Ac.  Most  of  its  wealthy  mer- 
chants are  Hindoos.  It  was  for  a  long  time  the  capital 
of  the  empire  founded  by  Tamerlane.  Its  territory  now 
extends  N.  to  the  Moorghaub  Mountains,  and  E.  nearly  to 
Candahar ;  and  it  is  a  post  of  great  military  as  well  as  com- 
mercial importance,  and  has  consequently  been  often  be- 
sieged.    Pop.  30,000. 

H6rault,  hA'rS'  or  iVo'  (anc.  Arau'rit),  a  river  of 
France,  rises  in  the  Cevennes,  in  Gard,  and  enters  the 
Mediterranean  near  Agde,  in  II6rauIt. 

Herault,  a  maritime  department  of  the  S.  of  France, 
on  the  Mediterranean,  formed  of  a  portion  of  the  old  prov- 
ince of  Languedoc.  Area,  2382  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1891, 
461,651.  The  surface  is  traversed  by  offsets  of  the  Cevennes, 
interspersed  by  fine  valleys.  Principal  rivers,  the  Herault, 
Orb,  and  Lez.  Coasts  low,  forming  vast  itangs  (marshy 
lakes).  Soil  fertile  in  grain,  fruits,  and  wines.  The  min- 
eral products  comprise  coal,  iron,  lead,  copper,  fine  building- 
stone,  and  marble.  The  marshes  furnish  a  great  quantity 
of  salt.  Commerce  is  facilitated  by  means  of  the  Canal  du 
Midi  and  by  railways.  Capital,  Montpellier.  The  depart- 
ment is  divided  into  the  arrondissements  of  Montpellier, 
Beziers,  Lodeve,  and  Saint-Pons. 

Herbanum,  an  ancient  name  of  Orvieto. 

Her'bemont,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind. 

Herbcrn,  hfiR'bem,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  IC 
miles  S.  of  Miinster.     Pop.  1100. 

Her'bert,  a  post-office  of  Kemper  co..  Miss. 

Herbertingcn,  hjR'b^r-ting^en,  a  village  of  Wiirtem- 
berg,  32  miles  S.W.  of  Ulm.     Pop.  1532. 

Her'bertsville,  a  hamlet  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  in  Brick 
township,  2i  miles  from  Allendale.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
brick-yard. 

Herbesthal,  hjR'b?s-t41\  a  station  on  the  Belgium 
Railway,  between  Aix-la-Chapelle  and  Verviers. 

Herbeumont,  hSR^buh^mftso',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
Luxembourg,  9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Neufchateau.     Pop.  1200. 

Herbiers,  or  Les  Herbiers,  liz  iR'be-i',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Vendee,  on  the  Main,  24  miles  N.E.  of  La  Rocho- 
sur-Yon.    Pop.  1785. 

Herbignac,  hSR^been'ydk',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Loire-Inf6rieure,  18  miles  W.N.W.  of  Savenay.  Pop.  of 
commune,  3784. 

Herbitzheim,  hSB'bits-hime^  (Fr.  pron.  hiR^bceO- 
sira'),  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  22  miles  N.W.  of 
Zabern.     Pop.  1622. 

Herblay,  hfiR^bli',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine-ct- 
Oise,  on  the  Seine,  9  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Paris.  P.  Ifill. 

Herbolzheim,  h6R'bolts-hIme\  a  town  of  Baden,  IB 
miles  N.N.AV.  of  Freiburg.     Pop.  1996. 


HER 


1304 


HER 


Herborn,  hin'boRn,  »  town  of  Prussia,  32  miles  N.E. 
of  Nassau,  on  tlie  Dille.  Pup.  2710.  It  is  enolosod  by 
Willis,  and  hiui  an  ul<l  bill-rortross,  and  a  famous  Calvinist 
Bominury,  (Litublinhod  in  15S4. 

Iler'born,  a  post-oflico  of  Shelby  oo.,  III. 

Ilcrbrcchtingen,  bAH'brJKt'ing-fn,  a  village  of  WUr- 
tenibor^,  on  the  lircns,  Itf  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ulni.    Pop.  1706. 

Ilcrbslcben^  biubs'l^'b^n,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
6;i.\o-i><>tba,  on  the  Unstrut,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Gotba. 
Pop.  21S». 

JlorbsteiDf  hdnb'stino,  a  towa  of  Hesse,  14  miles  W. 
of  Fulda.     Pop.  1616. 

Ilcrck,  hdiik,  or  Hcrke,  bdu'kfh,  a  town  of  Belgium, 
in  Limbourg,  U  miles  W.  of  Hassolt.     Pop.  2200. 

Ilcrcula'neum,  or  Ilercuia'num  (It.  Ercolano, 
An-ko-l&'no),  an  ancient  and  buried  city  of  South  Italy, 
province  and  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Naples,  near  the  Bay  of 
Naples,  and  at  the  VV.  declivity  of  Mount  Vesuvius,  during 
the  eruption  of  which,  a.d.  79,  it  was  submerged  by  a  Hood 
of  lava 'and  showers  of  ashes.  Its  site  was  discovered  in 
1713,  and,  although  extensive  excavations  have  been  made, 
the  greater  part  of  the  town  is  still  covered. 

llcrculis  Iiibronis  Fortus.    See  LEonoRN. 

Ilerculis  Portus^  the  ancient  name  of  Porto  Ercolb. 

Ilcrcyiiia  Sylva.    See  Hakz  and  Black  Forest. 

Hcrdeke,  hda'd^'k^h,  Hcrdcgge,  or  Ucrdecke, 
bflu'dik^kijh,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  on  the  Ruhr, 
16  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Dortmund.     Pop.  3738. 

IlerdMand,  a  township  of  Clay  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  146. 

Herd's  Island,  in  Mcintosh  co.,  Ga.,  is  one  of  the 
seii-island  group  or  chain.     Pop.  13. 

Hereford,  ufir'e-f9rd,  or  Herefordshire,  hjr'e-f^rd- 
shir,  an  inland  county  in  the  \(.  of  England.  Area,  833 
square  miles.  Surface  beautifully  undulating,  and  the  soil 
unusually  fertile.  Principal  hills,  the  llattcrol  range  of  the 
Blaek  Mountains  in  the  S.W.,  and  the  Malvern  on  the  E. 
Chief  rivers,  the  Wye,  Lugg,  Arrow,  Frome,  and  Monnow. 
Chief  agricultural  produce,  wheat  and  barley,  aj>plos,  pears, 
and  hops,  all  of  superior  quality.  The  apple-crop  is  the 
largest  in  England,  and  is  estimated  to  yield  not  less  than 
20,000  hogsheads  of  cider.  The  county  gives  name  to  a 
fine  breed  of  beef-cattle.  Oak  bark  is  also  an  im)>ortant 
product.  Hereford  sends  six  members  to  the  House  of 
Commons,  three  of  whom  are  for  the  county.  Hereford 
formed  a  part  of  the  ancient  Siluria,  and  was  one  of  the 
last  provinces  which  submitted  to  the  Saxons,  under  whom 
it  formed  a  part  of  Mercia.  Numerous  ruined  castles  tes- 
tify to  its  former  military  importance.  Capital,  Hereford. 
Pop.  in  1881,  121,249  J  in  1891,  115,986. 

Hereford,  a  city  of  England,  capital  of  the  above 
county,  on  the  Wye,  at  the  junction  of  several  railways,  10 
miles  N.  of  Monmouth.  It  stands  in  a  richly  cultivated 
and  beautiful  valley.  The  streets  are  generally  broad ;  the 
houses  are  well  built,  though  in  great  part  ancient.  The 
csithedral,  built  in  the  early  Norman  style  in  1072,  has 
lately  been  restored  in  good  style.  It  contains  many  fine 
monuments,  and  attached  to  it  are  a  chapter-house,  ladyc- 
chapol,  valuable  library,  cloisters,  <fec.  A  triennial  musical 
festival  is  held  here.  The  episcopal  palace  is  ancient,  and 
surrounded  by  large  gardens;  the  college  is  a  venerable  pile, 
forming  a  quadrangle.  Among  the  charities,  for  the  num- 
ber of  which  Hereford  is  famous,  are  11  ancient  hospitals 
or  almshouses.  Other  public  structures  are  the  handsome 
county  hall,  the  county  jail  and  house  of  coriection,  town 
hall,  city  jail,  theatre,  a  handsome  Catholic  chapel,  a  large 
infirmary,  a  lunatic  hospital,  a  workhouse,  a  market-house, 
a  bank,  the  Nelson  Monument,  ruins  of  a  monastery  of 
Black  Friars,  and  some  remains  of  the  castle  and  city 
walls.  Hereford  has  a  trade  in  cider,  hops,  corn,  wool, 
bark,  and  timber,  which  is  much  facilitated  by  the  Hereford 
&  Gloucester  Canal,  the  navigation  of  the  river  being  de- 
pendent on  the  season.  The  October  fair  is  the  largest  in 
England  for  cattle  and  cheese.  The  city  sends  two  mem- 
bers to  Parliament.  The  diocese  is  one  of  the  most  ancient 
in  England,  being  of  British  origin,  and  re-established  by 
the  Saxons  in  680.     Pop.  in  1891.  20,267. 

Her'eford,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  22 
miles  N.  of  Baltimore,  and  3  miles  from  Monkton  llailroad 
Stiition.     It  has  3  stores,  2  churches,  and  about  28  houses. 

Hereford,  a  post-township  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  2  miles 
from  Palm  Station,  and  12  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Allentown. 
It  contains  Treichlersville,  and  2  churches.     Pop.  1260. 

Hereford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  W.  Va.,  1 
miles  E.  of  Ripley. 

Herefordshire,  a  county  of  England.  See  Hereford. 

Heregh,  h^^raig',  a  village  of  Hungary,  oo.  and  21 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Compm.    Pop.  1420. 


Ilerencia,  &-rfin'the-&,  a  town  of  Spnin,  province  and 
36  miles  N.E.  of  Ciudad  Real.     Pop.  7290. 

Herent,  hA-r6nt'  or  bA,'r6.v',  a  village  of  Belgium,  In 
South  Brabant,  2  miles  N.W.  of  Louvain.     Pop.  2000. 

Hcrcnthals,  h&'rfn-t&ls^  a  town  of  Belgium,  ]>rovinc« 
of  Antwerp,  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Turnhout.  It  has  manu. 
factures  of  cloth,  lace,  liquors,  and  hnts.     Pop.  4600. 

Hcrcnthout,  h^'r^n-tOwt^  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Ant- 
werp, 15  miles  S.W.  of  Turnhout.     Pop.  2477. 

Hertfelingeii,  bdRfft^h-ling'^n,  a  village  of  Belgium, 
province  of  Brabant,  13  uiilcg  S.W.  of  Brussels.  Pop.  1720. 

Hcrford,  hiii'fuRt,  or  Ilervorden,  hdu'fou-dfn,  % 
town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  on  the  Werra,  at  a  railway 
junction,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Minden.  Pop.  11,967.  It  has 
a  large  prison,  arsenal,  gymnasium,  6  churches,  the  central 
museum  of  arts,  antiquities,  and  manufactures  for  the  prov> 
incc,  and  manufactures  of  cotton  oloth  and  yarn,  leather, 
tobacco,  and  linens. 

Hergnies,  hftRn^yee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  on 
the  Scheldt,  7  miles  N.  of  Valcnoienncs.     Pop.  1620. 

Heri,  a  town  of  Afghanistan.    See  Herat. 

Heric,  hi'rcck',  a  village  of  Franco,  in  Loire-Inf6- 
rieure,  14  miles  N.N.W.  of  Nantes.   Pop.  of  commune,  4691. 

H6ricourt,  hiVeo^koon',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute- 
Sa(^no,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Lure.  Pop.  3402.  It  has  exten- 
sive manufactures  of  cotton,  hemp,  leather,  calico,  printed 
goods,  and  hosiery. 

Heringcn,  hi.'ring-?n,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  50 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Merseburg,  on  the  Helme.  .  Pop.  2316. 

Heringen,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hcsse-Nossau,  on  the 
Werra,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Rothenburg.     Pop.  1224. 

Herinncs,  hd^rinn'  or  hA'reen',  a  village  of  Belgium, 
in  South  Brabant,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  3460. 

Herinnes,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Ilainaut,  on  the 
Scheldt,  7  miles  N.  of  Tournay.    Pop.  1910. 

Herioor,  hdr^e-oor',  a  town  of  India,  in  Mysore,  35 
miles  S.E.  of  Chitteldroog,  with  a  temple. 

Heri-Rood,  a  river  of  Asia.     See  Herri-Roou. 

Herisau,  h^'rc-sdw^  a^town  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  7  miles  N.W.  of  Appenzell,  and  capital  of  the  Outer 
Rhodes.  It  has  cotton-mills  and  other  manufactories.  Pop, 
of  commune,  9736. 

H^risson,  hdVees'six"',  a  town  of  France,  19  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Montlufon.     Pop.  1493. 

H^ristal,  a  village  of  J3e1gium.    See  Herstat.. 

Herius  Vicinovia,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Vilain  b. 

Herjeddalen,  hdn'yd-o-d&^l^n,  a  district  of  Sweden, 
forming  the  S.'part  of  the  la;n  of  Jemtland,  and  named 
from  the  Herje-ftn,  which  waters  it. 

Herjc-dn,  hfiR'yi-on\  a  river  of  Sweden,  joins  the 
Ljusne  above  Sveg,  after  a  course  of  40  miles. 

Herkc,  a  town  of  Belgium.    See  Herck. 

Herkenbosch,  h6R'k§n  bosK*,  a  village  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, in  Limburg,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Roormond.    Pop.  1577. 

Her'kimer,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  New 
York,  has  an  area  of  about  1400  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Mohawk  and  Black  Rivers,  and  also  drained  by 
East  and  West  Canada  Creeks  and  Moose  River.  The  sur- 
face is  diversified  with  high  ridges,  steep  hills,  valleys,  and 
extensive  forests.  The  long  valley  of  the  Mohawk  is  re- 
markable for  its  beauty  and  fertility.  The  soil  is  mostly 
adapted  to  pasturage  and  dairy-farming,  except  the  N.  part, 
which  is  mountainous  and  rocky.  Cheese,  butter,  hoy, 
oats,  cattle,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  Thi« 
county  produced,  in  1870,  5,101,654  pounds  of  cheese,  and 
more  than  any  other  county  in  the  state.  Granite  and 
Silurian  (Trenton)  limestone  underlie  a  part  of  the  soil. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  New  York  Central  A 
Hudson  River  Railroad,  the  Adirondack  &  St.  Lawrence 
Railway,  and  the  Erie  Canal.  Capital,  Herkimer.  Pop. 
in  1870,  39,929;  in  1880,  42,669  ;  in  1890,  45,608. 

Herkimer,  a  post-otiice  of  Marshall  co.,  Kansas. 

Herkimer,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Herkimer  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Mohawk  River,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  West  Canada  Creek,  81  miles  W.N.W.  of  Albany,  and 
14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Utica.  It  is  on  the  New  York  Central 
Railroad,  and  near  the  Erie  Canal.  It  contains  a  court- 
house, 6  churches,  a  graded  school,  2  banks,  3  newspaijer 
offices,  a  paper-mill,  a  flouring-mill,  2  knitting-mills,  a 
chair-factory,  a  mattress-factory,  and  2  saw-mills.  Pop. 
about  4000. 

Herkingen,  hdR'king-H^n,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  South  Holland,  15  miles  S.  of  Briel. 

Herleshausen,  hdu'l^s-hdw^z^n,  a  village  of  Prussia, 
in  Hesse-Nossau,  circle  of  Eschwege.     Pop.  1115. 

Herm,  one  of  the  smaller  Channel  Islands,  2i  miles  B. 
of  Guernsey.     It  is  a  summer  resort.     Pop.  83 


HER 


t39& 


HER 


Her'maaii,  a  post-office  of  Ripley  oo.,  Ind. 

Iler'maii,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Kansas. 

Herman^  a  po.'t-village  of  Grant  co  ,  Minn.,  19  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Morris,  and  15  miles  (direct)  S.  by  W.  of 
Elbow  Lake.  It  has  2  churche.«,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  a 
newspaper  office,  an  elevator,  and  manufactures  of  lumber. 
Pop.  in  1890,  322. 

Ilcrman,  a  township  of  St.  Louis  co.,  Minn.   Pop.  120. 

Herman,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Neb.,  on 
the  Omaha  &  Northwestern  Eailroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Blair. 
It  has  a  church. 

Ilcrman,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Western 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  5  miles  S.B.  of  Butler. 

Ilcrman,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Dodge  co., 
Wis.,  about  25  miles  S.  of  Fond  du  Lac.  The  hamlet  is  4 
miles  E.  of  Iron  Ridge  Station,  which  is  on  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad.  The  township  has  6 
churches.     Pop.  1896. 

Ilcrman,  a  township  of  Shawano  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  282. 

Herman,  a  township  of  Sheboygan  co..  Wis.  Pop.  22.37. 
Posi-offices,  Edwards,  Franklin,  and  Howard's  Grove. 

Ilermanmiestctz,  hfin'mdn-mecs'tdts,  Herman- 
micstcc,  hSn'min-meesHSts,  or  Hermnnstadt,  h6it'- 
min-stil*,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  5  miles  W.  of  Chrudim. 
Pop.  4271.     It  has  a  castle  and  a  hospital. 

Ilcr'mann,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Gasconade  co.. 
Mo.,  in  Roark  township,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Missouri 
River,  and  on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  81  miles  W. 
of  St.  Louis.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  3  newspaper 
offices,  a  flour-mill,  and  manufactures  of  wine,  cigars,  tools, 
and  pipe-tongs.     Pop.  in  1890,  1410. 

Ilcrmnnnstadt,  or  Ilermanstadt,  bdn'm&n-st&tt^ 
(llun.  Niij;/  Szcben,  nodj  si'bjn';  L.  Cihininm),  a  town  of 
Austria,  in  Transylvania,  in  the  Saxonland,  capital  of  a 
county  of  the  same  name,  on  the  Zibin,  near  the  Roumanian 
frontier,  72  miles  S.S.E.  of  Klausenburg.  Pop,  18,998.  It 
is  enclosed  by  walls,  the  upper  town,  on  an  eminence,  com- 
municating with  a  lower  town  by  flights  of  steps.  It  has 
several  suburbs,  and  is  pretty  well  built,  in  a  Gothic  style, 
though  dull.  The  principal  edifices  are  the  Bruckenthal 
palace,  with  an  extensive  library  and  museum,  the  theatre, 
numerous  churches,  the  barracks,  a  military  hospital,  and 
an  orphan  asylum.  It  is  a  Greek  bishop's  see,  is  the  seat  of 
2  gymnasia,  and  has  many  museums,  and  manufactures  of 
linen  and  woollen  fabrics,  felt,  hats,  horn  combs,  earthen- 
wares, leather,  <fec.,  and  a  considerable  trade.  The  county 
has  an  area  of  1274  square  miles,  and  a  pop.  of  145,523. 

Ilermanos,  or  Los  Hermanos,  loce  hdr-mi'noco 
("  The  Brothers"),  a  group  of  islands  in  the  Caribbean  Sea, 
60  miles  N.W.  of  Margarita,     They  belong  to  Venezuela. 

Hermanos,  a  group  of  small  islands  in  the  Malay 
Archipelago,  E.  of  Mindoro. 

Hermansdorf,  Bohemia.    See  Hehmsdorf. 

Uermanseifen,  hSn'min-srfQn,  Herzmanzeyf, 
bSnts'mint-sir,  or  Ilermanstift,  hjR'min-stifO,  a  vil- 
lage of  Bohemia,  circle  and  25  miles  N.E.  of  Bidschow. 
Pop.  2004. 

Hermanstadt,  Bohemia.    See  Hermanmiestetz. 

Ilermanstadt,  Transylvania.    See  IIermannstadt, 

Her'mansville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coos  co.,  Oregon,  on 
the  South  Fork  of  Coquille  River,  60  miles  W.  of  Roscburg, 
Coal  is  found  near  this  place. 

Herm6,  h^R'mi',  a  village  of  France,  68  miles  S.E.  of 
Paris,  on  the  railway  from  Troyes  to  Montoreau.    Pop.  773. 

Ilermcskeil,  haR'm6s-kile\  a  village  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  government  and  12  miles  S.E.  of  Treves.     P.  1 300. 

Hcrmics,  hfiR'mee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Pas-de- 
Calais,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Arras.     Pop.  2442. 

Hcr'mitage,  a  post-office  of  Bradley  co..  Ark. 

Hermitage,  a  post-office  of  Mendocino  co.,  Cal. 

Hermitage,  a  post-office  of  Grand  co..  Col. 

Hermitage,  a  post-office  of  Baton  Rouge  parish.  La. 

Hermitage,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Hickory  co.,  Mo., 
in  Centre  township,  on  Pomme  do  Terre  River,  54  miles  N. 
of  Springfield.     One  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here. 

Ilcrmitage,  a  post-village  of  AVyoming  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Wethersfield  township,  about  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Buffalo. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  banking-house,  a  cheese-factory,  a  flour- 
niill,  and  2  lumber-mills. 

Ilcrmitage,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hickory  township,  Mercer 
CO.,  Pa.,  3  miles  E.  of  Sharon.     It  has  coal-mines. 

Ilcrmitage,  a  post-office  of  Davidson  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Tennessee  k  Pacific  Railroad,  12  miles  E,  of  Nashville. 

Ilcrmitage,  a  post-office  of  Cass  co.,  Tex. 

Hermitage,  a  post-office  of  Augusta  co.,  Va. 

Hermitage,  or  L'Hermitage,  l^R^meeHlzh',  a 
famous  vineyard  of  France,  in  Dr6me,  on  the  left  bank  of 


the  Rhone,  10  miles  N.  of  Valence,  where  the  "  Hermitage" 
wine  is  produced.     Area,  about  300  acres. 

Hermitage  Cove,  a  hamlet  in  the  district  of  Fortune 
Bay,  Newfoundland,  9  miles  from  Harbor  Briton.     P.  120. 

Her'mit  Island,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  about  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Cape  Horn.  Lat.  (W.  cape)  55°  60'  S. ;  Ion.  67° 
55'  W.     It  is  about  12  miles  long. 

Her'mon  (Arab.  Jelel-eah- Sheikh,  jjb'§l-5sh-shaik),  a 
mountain  of  Palestine,  forming  a  part  of  the  chain  of  Anti- 
Libanus.  Its  height  is  above  11,000  feet,  and  its  summit  is 
covered  with  snow  during  the  greater  part  of  the  year. 
Little  Mount  Hermon  is  a  much  lower  range,  25  miles 
S.E.  of  Acre,  bounding  the  Plain  of  Esdraelon  on  the  E., 
and  to  which  the  name  of  Hermon  was  first  applied  in  tho 
Middle  Ages. 

Her'mon,  a  post-hamlct  of  Knox  co..  111.,  1  miles  S.E. 
of  Abingdon,  and  16  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Gaiesburg.  It  has  2 
churches, 

Hermon,  a  post-township  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  is  in- 
tersected by  tho  Maine  Central  Railroad,  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  barrels.  Pop.  1489,  Hermon  Post-Office  is  7  miloa 
W,  of  Bangor, 

Ilermon,  a  post-vill.-ige  of  St,  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Hermon  township,  on  Elm  Creek,  about  22  miles  S.E.  of 
Ogdensburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  a  money-order  post-oflice.  Pop.  673 ;  of 
the  township,  1806. 

Hermon  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Penobscot  co.,  Mo., 
on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Bangor. 

Hermon  Pond,  a  post-office  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  in 
Hermon  township,  on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  10  miles 
W.  of  Bangor. 

Hermont,  or  Hermonthis.    See  Arment. 

Hcrmonville,  hSa'm6N=S'eer,  a  village  of  France,  in 
Marne,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Reims.     Pop.  1501. 

Hermopolis,  in  the  Grecian  Archipelago.    See  Svra. 

Hermopolis  Magna.    See  Oshmoonev.v. 

Hermopolis  Parva,  ancient  name  of  Damanhoor. 

Hermo'sa,  a  post-office  of  La  Plata  co..  Col. 

Hermosa,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Custer 
CO.,  S.D.,  20  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Rapid  City.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  bank,  and  a  new-spaper  office. 
Pop.  172. 

Her^mosil'la,  a  hamlet  of  Pueblo  co..  Col.,  on  the 
Huerfano  River,  about  27  miles  S.E.  of  Pueblo. 

Hermosillo,  h8r-mo-see'yo,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  So- 
nora,  on  Sonora  River,  110  miles  N.  of  Guaymas.  It  has 
a  mint,  flour-mills  and  distilleries,  and  a  pop.  of  14,000. 

Hermsdorf,  hfinms'doRf,  a  village  of  Saxe-Altenburg, 
33  miles  S.W.  of  Lcipsic.     Pop.  1480. 

Hermsdorf,  or  Hermansdorf,  h8R'mins-donf\  a 
village  of  Bohemia,  36  miles  N.E.  of  Koniggriitz.     P,  172.3. 

Hermsdorf-  Griissanisch,  hJRms'doRf-griis'sin- 
ish\  a  village  of  Prussia,  government  of  Licgnitz,  circle  of 
Landshut,     Pop.  2080, 

Hermsdorf-Stadtisch,  hSRms'doRf-stitt'ish,  a  vil- 
lage of  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  government  of  Liegnitz,  circle 
of  Landshut,     Pop,  1390, 

Hermsdorf-  unterm  -  Knyast,  hSRms'doRf-o5n'- 
t^um-knee'ist,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  30  miles  S.W. 
of  Liegnitz,     Pop.  2000. 

Hermus,  the  ancient  name  of  Sarauat, 

Hernad,  h^R^nod',  a  river  of  Hungary,  after  an  E.  and 
S.  course  of  120  miles,  joins  the  Theiss  18  miles  S.W.  of 
Tokay.  Its  principal  affluents  are  the  Tarcza  and  the  Sajo. 
In  its  lower  part  it  separates  into  two  arms,  which  enclose 
an  island  30  miles  in  length. 

Hernakova-Czella,  Hungary.    See  Hernyokova. 

Hernau'do,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Florida,  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  on  the  E. 
partly  by  the  Withlacoochee  River.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  Cotton, 
maize,  and  sugar-cane  are  the  staple  products.  Area,  520 
square  miles.  Capital,  Brooksville.  Pop.  in  1870,2938; 
in  1880,  4248 ;  in  1890,  2476. 

Hernando,  a  post-village,  capital  of  De  Soto  co.,  Miss., 
22  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Memphis,  and  78  miles  N.  of  Grenada. 
It  h.is  a  court-house,  a  newspaper  office,  5  churches,  a  bank, 
and  an  academy.  About  5000  bales  of  cotton  are  annually 
shipped  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  602. 

Hernani,  ia-n&'nee,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Guipuzcoa,  3 
miles  S.E.  of  St.  Sebastian,  on  the  Urumea.     Pop.  2989. 

Hern'don,  a  post-office  of  Greene  oo..  Ark. 

Herndon,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Burke  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  Ogeeohee  River,  90  miles  by  rail  N.W,  of  Savannah. 

Herndon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saline  co,,  Mo.,  10  miles  E. 
of  Brownsville  Station.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 


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Hcrndon,  a  po?t-vlllage  of  Northumberland  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  E.  bunk  of  the  Sucouchanna  River,  oppodito  Port 
Trevortou,  on  the  Northern  Central  IlaHroad,  4;i  miles  N.  of 
llarrisburg.  It  is  the  west  terminus  of  the  Mnhnnoy  A 
Shauiokin  Railroad,  and  is  often  called  Trevorton  Junction. 
It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  a  tannery,  and  a  saw-mill. 

llerndoUf  a  post-village  of  Fairfax  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Washington  A  Ohio  Railroad,  23  miles  N.W.  of  Alexandria. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  3  stores. 

Heme  Bay^  a  town  and  wntoring-place  of  England, 
in  Kent,  on  the  estuary  of  the  Thames,  10  miles  by  rail 
N.N.E.  of  Canterbury.  Steamers  communicate  with  Lon- 
don ilaily  during  the  summer.     Pop.  1715. 

llcriie  Hill,  in  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  at  a  railway 
junction,  4  miles  from  St.  Paul's,  London,  is  covered  with 
olej^ant  villas. 

HernO)  hfeR'n8\  an  island  of  Sweden,  in  the  Gulf  of 
Dothnia,  laen  of  Uornosand,  opposite  the  mouth  of  the  An- 
gcrmann. 

Hcrnttsand,  bgR'no-slnd^  or  Westernorrland, 
wJs't^r-noR'lind,  a  lien  or  province  of  North  Sweden, 
mostly  between  lat.  62°  and  64°  N.  and  Ion.  15°  and  19° 
E.,  having  E.  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia.  Area,  9493  square 
miles.  Pop.  158,134.  It  comprises  the  old  district  of  An- 
gerraannland.  The  principal  rivers  are  the  Angermann 
and  Indal ;  the  principal  towns,  Ilcrniisand  and  Sundsvall. 

Ilcrndsand,  or  Ilcrnccsand,  hdit'no-s&nd^  a  mari- 
time town  of  Sweden,  capital  of  a  lasn  of  the  same  name, 
on  the  W,  side  of  the  island  of  Ilerno,  immediately  off  the 
mainland.  Pop.  3348.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  cathe- 
dral, a  library,  public  baths,  a  printing-establishment  with 
Lappish  type,  and  building-docks.  The  exports  comprise 
Baltic  produce  and  linen  fabrics  j  the  imports,  salt,  corn, 
wine,  and  manufactured  goods. 

Hcrnstadt,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  IlEnnNSTADT. 

Hernyokova,  h6Rn'yo*ko'vSh\  or  HcriiakoTa< 
Czella,  h6iOn6h*ko'v5h-ts5ri5h\  a  village  of  Hungary, 
CO.  of  Temesvar,  4  miles  from  Rekas.     Pop.  1100. 

Heron,  hiV6s»',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  21 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Liege,  on  the  Forseille.     Pop.  1150. 

Heron,  h?rVon',  a  town  of  Persia,  in  Azerbaijan,  49 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Ardabeel. 

Her'on  Isles,  a  small  group  of  islands  in  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  S.  of  the  entrance  of  Mobile  Bay,  in  lat.  30°  12' 
K.,  Ion.  88°  W. 

Iler'on  Lake,  Minnesota,  is  in  Jackson  co.  It  is 
about  10  miles  long  and  1  or  2  miles  wide.  Its  outlet  is  a 
creek  which  enters  the  Des  Moines  River.  The  surface  of 
the  lake  is  1 398  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Heron  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Minn.,  is 
•n  Heron  Lake,  near  its  N.  end,  74  miles  by  rail  W.S.W. 
of  Mankato.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper 
offices,  and  manufactures  of  furniture  and  hemp.    Pop.  496. 

Her'on's  Island,  a  post-village  in  Restigouche  co.. 
New  Brunswick,  on  an  island  in  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  10 
miles  E.  of  Dalhousie.     Pop.  60. 

Ilerr,  a  station  in  Allegnany  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pittsburg 
branch  of  the  Western  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  2  miles  N.E. 
of  Alleghany  City. 

Herrells,  a  post-ofBce  of  Mitchell  co.,  N.C. 

Herrenbaumgarten,hfin^R5n-b5wm'gauH?n,atown 
of  Austria,  4  miles  from  Poysdorp.     Pop.  1530. 

Herrenberg,  hfiR'R?n-b5RG*,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg, 
18  miles  S.W.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  2263. 

Herrcngrund,  hJR'R?n-gr66nt\  or  Urvttlgy,  oor^- 
volj',  a  village  of  Hungary,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Kremnitz. 

Herrenkairo,  h5r'r?n-ki'ro,  a  town  of  British  India, 
Bengal,  19  miles  S.S.W.  of  Hosungabad. 

Herrenthout,  Belgium.    See  IIerenthout. 

Herrera,  hdn-ni'ri,  a  village  of  Spain,  province  and 
64  miles  E.  of  Seville.     Pop.  4124. 

Herrera  del  Duque,hSR-Ri'ri  dSl  doo'ki.  (anc.  Zm- 
eiann  t),  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  70  miles  E.  by  N. 
of  Badajos.     Pop.  2972, 

Herrera  de  Rio  Pisuerga,  hiR-ni'rl  di  ree'o 
pe-8wdR'g&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  on  the  Pisuerga, 
31  miles  N.W,  of  Burgos,     Pop.  1526. 

Hcr'rick,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co..  Neb.,  on  the  Mis- 
souri River. 

Herrick,a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  in  Herrick 
township,  about  44  miles  N.W.  of  Scranton.  It  has  a 
ohnrch.    The  township  has  3  churches,  and  a  pop.  of  1009. 

Herrick,  a  township  of  Susquehanna  co..  Pa.     P.  950. 

Herrick  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Herrick  township, 
Susquehanna  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Jefferson  Branch  of  the  Erie 
Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  Carbondale.  It  haa  2  tanneries 
Mid  a  Miw-mill. 


Hcrrick's  Cross,  a  post-office  of  Tulare  co.,  Cal. 

Iler'rickville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  ia 
Herrick  township,  about  24  miles  S.  of  Owcgo,  N.Y.  It  has 
a  church. 

Herrieden,  h^R'neoM^n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
AltmUhl,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Anspach.     Pop.  1041. 

Ilcrrics,  a  district  of  the  Hebrides.     See  IlAnnis. 

Iler'riman,  a  post-office  of  Salt  Lake  co.,  Utah. 

llcrrincs,  a  village  of  Belgium.    See  Herinnes. 

Herring,  Allen  co.,  0.    Sfco  Lafayette, 

Herring  Cove,  Nova  Scotia.    See  BROOKLVif. 

Herring  Cove,  a  maritime  hamlet  in  Halifax  co., 
Nova  Scotia,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  entrance  to  Halifax  har- 
bor, 9  miles  from  Halifax.     Pop.  300. 

Herring  Neck,  a  large  fishing  settlement  in  the  dis- 
trict of  Twillingatc  and  Fogo,  Newfoundland,  on  New  World 
Island,  4  miles  from  Twillingate.     Pop.  870. 

Her'ringsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sampson  co.,  N.C, 
20  miles  S.W.  of  Magnolia  Station.  It  has  a  turpentine- 
distillery. 

Her'rin's  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-village  of  Wil- 
liamson CO.,  111.,  about  12  miles  N.E.  of  Carbondale.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Her'riotsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  in 
South  Fayette  township,  about  15  miles  S.W,  of  Pittsburg, 

Herri-Rood,  or  Ilerirood,  hir'rec'rood',  called  also 
Hnri-Rud  and  Heri-Rud,  or  Hury  River,  a  con- 
siderable river,  rises  in  the  northern  part  of  Afghanistan, 
and,  after  a  W,  and  N.W,  course  of  about  200  miles,  is  sup- 
posed to  be  lost  in  the  sand. 

Herrlebcrg,  hfiu'I^h-bSno',  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  7  miles  S.E.  of  Zurich,  on  the  N.  coast  of  the 
Lake  of  Zurich.     Pop.  1079. 

Hcrrlisheim,  hcR'lis-hime\  a  village  of  Germany,  13 
miles  N.E.  of  Strasburg.     Pop.  1993. 

Herrlshcim,  hfinls'hlme  (Fr.  pron.  hSrirsfim'),  a  vil- 
lage of  Germany,  in  Lorraine,  on  the  Strasburg  <fc  Basel 
Railway,  4i  miles  S.  of  Colmar.     Pop.  1058. 

Ilerrnals,  hfiR'nlls,  a  village  of  Austria,  and  one  of 
the  N.  suburbs  of  Vienna.  It  has  an  imperial  institution 
for  the  daughters  of  army  officers, 

Herrnhut,  or  Hcrrnhuth,  hSnn'hSSt,  a  small  town 
of  Saxony,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Bautzen,  on  the  railway  from 
Dresden  to  Zittau,  inhabited  by  Moravians.     Pop.  1092. 

Herrnsheim,  hfiRns'himc,  a  village  of  Hesse,  province 
of  Rhein-Hessen,     Pop.  1476. 

Herrnstadt,  or  Hernstadt,  hJRn'stltt,  a  town  of 
Prussian  Silesia,  35  miles  N.N.W.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  2136, 

Hersbruck,  hSns'brSok,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  17  miles 
by  rail  E,N.E.  of  Nuremberg.  It  has  a  castle,  tanneries, 
Ac.     Pop.  3556. 

Herseaux,  hfia'so',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Flanders,  on  the  Tournay  &  Courtrai  Railway,  30  miles 
S.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  2200. 

Hersel,  a  river  of  Germany.    See  Horsel. 

Hersey,  h?r'ze,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Osceola  co,, 
Mich.,  in  Hersey  and  Richmond  townships,  on  the  Muskegon 
River  at  the  mouth  of  the  Hersey.  and  on  the  Flint  <fe  Pere 
Marquette  Railroad,  86  miles  W.N.W.  of  East  Saginaw,  4 
miles  S.E,  of  Reed  City,  and  66  miles  N.  of  Grand  Rapids. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  large  hotel,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
flouring-mill,  and  7  large  mills  for  lumber  and  shingles. 
Pop.  in  1890,  328;  of  Hersey  township,  908. 

Hersey,  a  post-village  in  Hersey  township,  Nobles  co., 
Minn.,  on  the  Sioux  City  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  170  miles 
S.W.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  2  stores,  a  warehouse  for  grain, 
and  a  hotel.     Pop.  of  township,  170. 

Hersey,  a  post-village  of  St.  Croix  co.,  Wis.,  on  the 
West  Wisconsin  Railroad,  40  miles  W.  of  Eau  Claire.  It 
has  manufactures  of  lumber  and  staves. 

Iler'seyville,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Monroe  en., 
Wis.,  on  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  and  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee A  St.  Paul  Railroads,  4  miles  W.  of  Sparta. 

Hersfeld,  hfiHs'ffilt,  or  Hirschfeld,  hccRsh'fSlt,  a 
town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassau,  32  miles  by  rail  S.S.E. 
of  Cassel,  on  the  Fulda.  Pop.  6929.  It  is  enclosed  by 
walls,  and  has  an  abbey  churcn,  a  Calvinist  gymnasium,  a 
school  of  manufactures,  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  and 
a  transit  trade  by  the  river. 

Hersin-Coupigny,  h6R'84N»'-koo'peen'yee',  a  village 
of  France,  in  Pas-de-Calais,  6  miles  from  B6thune,  It  has 
a  corset-factory  and  a  distillery.     Pop,  2586. 

Hers'man,  a  post-village  of  Brown  co..  III.,  on  the 
AVabash  Railroad,  41  miles  E,  of  Quincy.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  carriage-shop. 

Hersselt,  hfins's^lt,  a  village  of  Belgium,  on  the  Great 
Nfethe,  24  miles  E.S.E,  of  Antwerp.     Pop,  4800. 


nER 


1397 


HES 


Ilerstal,  h8Rs't4r,  or  II6ristaI,  hfin'is-tar,  a  village 
of  Belgium,  province  and  34  miles  N.E.  of  Liege,  on  the 
Mouse.  Pop.  8500.  It  has  important  manufactures  of  iron, 
Bteel,  and  hardware.  Here  in  the  Middle  Ages  stood  a  cit- 
adel named  Ilen'stalium,  whence  Pepin  d'116ristal,  great- 
grandfather of  Charlemagne,  had  his  title. 

Herstclle,  hiRs-tSl'l^h,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
39  miles  S.S.E.  of  Minden,  on  the  Weser.     Pop.  1060. 

Hertford,  har'fprd,  a  borough  of  England,  capital  of 
the  county  of  Herts,  on  the  navigable  Lea,  at  a  railway  junc- 
tion, 20  miles  N.  of  London.  It  has  handsome  churches,  a 
grammar-school,  a  green-coat  school  (a  branch  of  Christ's 
Hospital,  London,  being  a  preparatory  school  for  500  chil- 
dren), almshouses  and  other  charities,  a  general  infirmary, 
county  hall,  town  hall,  and  market-house ;  also  considerable 
trade  in  malt.  The  borough  sends  a  member  to  the  House 
of  Commons.  The  castle  was  founded  in  909,  and  some 
parts  of  the  existing  edifice  are  very  ancient.     Pop.  6796. 

ncrt'ford,acounty  inthe  N.E.  part  of  North  Carolina, 
bordering  on  Virginia,  has  an  area  of  about  320  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Chowan  lliver,  and 
intersected  by  the  Meherrin  lliver.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other 
trees.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. It  is  intersected  by  the  Norfolk  <fc  Carolina  Railroad. 
Capital,  Winton.  Pop.  in  1870,  9273;  in  1880,  11,843  j  in 
1890,  13,851. 

Hertford,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Perquimans  co., 
N.C.,  in  Hertford  township,  on  the  Perquimans  River, 
about  60  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Norfolk,  Va.  The  largest  ves- 
sels that  navigate  Albemarle  Sound  can  ascend  the  river  to 
this  place.  It  has  an  academy  and  5  churches.  Pop.  733; 
of  the  township,  1499. 

Hertho:  Sacra  Insula.    See  Helgoland. 

Hertin,  h^n-teen',  or  Rtiiia,  n'tee'ni,  a  village  of  Bo- 
hemia, near  Koniggratz.     Pop.  2159. 

Hertogenbosch,  Netherlands.    See  Bois-LE-Dnc. 

Herts,  or  Hertfordshire,  har'fgrd-shir,  an  inland 
county  of  England,  N.  of  Middlesex.  Area,  611  square  miles. 
Surface  in  the  N.  hilly,  elsewhere  diversified  with  gentle  ele- 
vations. Chief  rivers,  the  Lea  and  the  Colne.  The  prin- 
cipal crops  are  wheat  and  barley,  turnips,  hay  for  the 
London  market,  apples,  and  cherries.  The  county  is  trav- 
ersed by  several  railways  and  the  Grand  Junction  Canal. 
It  is  divided  into  8  hundreds.  Principal  towns,  Hertford, 
St.  Albans,  Barnet,  Baldock,  Hitchin,  Hatfield,  and  AVare. 
It  sends  four  members  to  the  House  of  Commons,  three  of 
whom  are  for  the  county.     Capital,  Hertford.     Pop.  220,125. 

Hertsek,  Turkey.    See  Heuzegovina. 

Hertzo,  hdnt'so,  an  island  of  Sweden,  laen  of  Pite4,  in 
the  Gulf  of  Bothnia,  E.  of  Luled.    Length,  about  10  miles. 

Hervas,  Sre'vis,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  63  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Caceres.     Pop.  3716. 

Herve,  hjR'v^h,  a  town  of  Belgium,  province  and  10 
miles  E.  of  Liege.     Pop.  3900. 

Herveld,  hfin'vSlt,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Gelderland,  6  miles  W.  of  Nymwegen.     Pop.  610. 

Hervey  Archipelago.    See  Cook  Islands. 

Her'vey  Bay,  East  Australia,  is  between  lat.  24°  and 
25°  S.  and  Ion.  152°  and  153°  B.,  bounded  seaward  by  the 
island  terminating  in  Sandy  Cape. 

Her'vey  City,  a  station  in  Macon  co..  111.,  on  the  Illi- 
nois Midland  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Chicago  & 
Illinois  Southern  Railroad,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Decatur. 

Hervorden,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Herford. 

Herwen,  h5R'^§n,  or  Herwerd,  hSR'w^Rd,  a  village 
of  the  Netherlands,  in  Gelderland,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Arnhem. 
Pop.,  including  Aerdt,  2905. 

Herwynen,  or  Herwijnen,h8R-^rn?n,  a  village  of 
the  Netherlands,  in  Gelderland,  on  the  Waal,  5  miles  W. 
of  Bommel.     Pop.  1770. 

Herxheim,  hjRx'hime\  a  vill.age  of  Rhenish  Bavaria, 
6  miles  S.E.  of  Landau.     Pop.  3743. 

Herzberg,  hdRts'bSRG,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover, 
39  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hildesheim,  on  the  S.  declivity  of  the  Harz. 
Pop.  3603.  It  communicates  with  Brunswick  by  a  railway. 
It  has  manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  psiper,  linens,  <tc. 

Herzberg,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  13  miles  N.E. 
of  Torgau,  on  an  island  formed  by  the  Black  Elstcr,  and  on 
the  railway  between  Berlin  and  Dresden,  62  miles  S.  of  Ber- 
lin. It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth  arid  pottery. 
Pop.  4008.  Old  (Alt,  ilt)  Herzberg  is  a  village,  E.  of 
the  last-named,  with  236  inhabitants. 

Hcrzeburg,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  nERZoGENBUBO. 

Ilerzeele,  hSre-zi'leh,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  1800. 

Herzegovina,  Herzegowina,  hdR.t's;h-go-vee'n&, 


or  Hertsek,  hSRt'sfik",  a  province  of  Europe,  forming  s 
part  of  Bosnia,  and  bounded  N.  and  N.E.  by  Turkish  Croatia 
and  Bosnia  proper,  S.  by  Montenegro  and  Albania,  W.  by 
Dalmatia.  Chief  towns,  Mostar,  the  capital,  Stolatz,  Tre- 
bigne,  and  Nikish.  Chief  rivers,  the  Narenta,  Bregava,  and 
Trebisat.  Surface  mountainous.  Vellcg,  the  highest  moun- 
tain, rises  above  the  snow-line.  Area,  4G60  square  miles. 
Pop.  207,970.  It  passed  from  Turkish  rule  to  Austrian 
military  occupation  in  1878. 

Herzhorn,  hfiRts'hoRn,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hoi- 
stein,  3  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Gllickstadt. 

Herzhorn,  herts'horn,  post-office,  Renville  co.,  Minn. 

Herzmanzeyf,  Bohemia.    Sec  Hermanseifen. 

Herzogenaurach,  h6Rt'so'gh?n-6w'riK',  a  town  of 
Bavaria,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Nuremberg.     Pop.  2174. 

Hcrzogenbosch,  Netherlands.     See  Bois-le-Dcc. 

Herzogenburg,  hfiRt'so-ghgn-booRG^  or  Herze- 
burg,  hiut's^h-booRG^  (L.  Du'cnm  Biir'gum),  a  town  of 
Austria,  on  the  Trasen,  6  miles  N.N.E.  of  St.  Poltcn.  P.  1676. 

Herzogenrath,  h6Rt'so-gh§n-r4t^  (Fr.  Rolduc,  roP- 
diik'),  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  7  miles  by  rail  N.  of 
Aix-la-Chapelle.     Pop.  2417. 

Herzogswaldau,  hint'soGs-^irdow,  a  village  of 
Prussian  Silesia,  48  miles  N.W.  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  1270. 

Herzogswaldau,  Nieder,  nee'der  hfint'soGs-'^ir- 
dow,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Frcy- 
stadt.     Pop.  650. 

Herzogswalde,  hfirt'soGs-^ird?h,  the  name  of  vil- 
lages in  the  kingdom  of  Saxony,  S.W.  of  Dresden,  and 
East  Prussia,  government  of  Kiinigsberg. 

Hesarab,  hd'si'rib',  or  Hezar-Asp,  hi'zaR*-lsp', 
written  also  Asarys,  a  town  of  Central  Asia,  dominions 
and  50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Khiva,  on  the  Canal  of  Hesarab, 
near  the  Oxus.     It  consists  of  about  600  houses. 

Hesdin,  hiM^N"',  a  fortified  town  of  France,  in  Pas- 
de-Calais,  on  the  Canche,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Montreuil.  Pop. 
3083.  It  is  beautifully  situated,  well  built  of  brick,  and 
has  a  good  town  hall,  and  manufactures  of  hosiery,  oil, 
earthenware,  leather,  soap,  and  linen  thread. 

Hesh'bon,a  village  (and,  in  antiquity,  a  famous  town) 
of  Syria,  118  miles  S.S.W.  of  Damascus. 

Hesh'bon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa.,  on  Black 
Lick  Creek,  about  36  miles  W.  of  Altoona.  It  has  a  church, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Hesn,  hfisn,  several  places  of  Asiatic  Turkey.  The  prin- 
cipal, Hesn-Keifa,  hJs'n  ki'fi,  is  a  fortified  town  on  the 
Tigris,  65  miles  S.E.  of  Diarbekir. 

Hespe'ler,  a  village  in  Waterloo  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
river  Speed,  and  on  the  Wellington,  Grey  k  Bruce  Railway, 
19  miles  N.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  good  water-power,  an 
extensive  worsted-  and  hosiery-factory,  woollen-,  saw-,  and 
grist-mills,  a  distillery,  an  iron-foundry,  5  hotels,  8  stores, 
and  several  churches.     Pop.  797. 

Hcs'per,  a  post-village  of  Winneshiek  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Ilesper  township,  15  miles  N.  of  Decorah.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  money-order  post-oflSce. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1025. 

Hesper,  a  post-hamlet  of  Douglas  co.,  Kansas,  about 
11  miles  S.E.  of  Lawrence. 

Hesperia,  hcs-pee'r?-a,  a  post-villiige  of  Oceana  co., 
Mich.,  on  White  River,  about  25  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Mus- 
kegon. It  lias  a  church,  a  newspaper  oflice,  a  graded 
school,  manufactures  of  flour,  lumber,  and  pumps,  and  a 
money-order  post-ofiice.     Pop.  about  450. 

Hesperian,  hes-pee'r^-.an,  a  post-village  of  Webster 
CO.,  Iowa,  in  Sumner  township,  about  14  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Fort  Dodge.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hes'perus  (or  Hes'peris)  Peak,  Colorado,  a  peak 
of  the  La  Plata  Mountains,  in  the  S.W.  part  of  the  state. 
Altitude,  13,115  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Hesse,  Germany.     See  Hessen. 

Hesse,  h6ss  (Gcr.  IIe»sen,  h6s's?n),  formerly  He8se> 
Darmstadt,  hSss-diRm'stiltt,  a  state  of  Germany,  situated 
between  lat.  49°  50'  and  51°  45'  N.,  Ion.  7°  60'  and  9°  30' 
E.  It  consists  of  two  principal  portions,  separated  by 
Prussia,  bounded  E.  and  W.  by  Prussia  and  E.  and  S.  by 
Bavaria  and  Baden.     Its  subdivisions  are  as  follows : 


Provinces. 

Area  in 
square  miles. 

Pop.  In  1890. 

Chief  Towns. 

Ober-Hessen..„ 

1270 
630 
1164 

307,643 

41U,H32 

Giessen. 

Xotal 

2964 

993,669 

IIES 


\m 


IIEU 


IleMo  la  a  oonstitntional  monarchj,  and  the  soveretgn  has 
the  title  of  OrnnJ  Duke.  At  the  treaty  of  Dorlin,  Septem- 
ber 3,  \SM,  tho  grand  duchy  cedoJ  to  Prussia  the  lamlgra- 
viatoof  llcsso-lloinburg,  previously  acquired  in  the  same 
year,  and  portions  of  Obcr-IIcssen,  with  a  territory  of  423 
square  miles  and  a  population  of  75,102 ;  while  Prussia  coded 
to  the  grand  duchy  portions  of  tho  electorate  of  llosse-Cagsel, 
of  the  former  duchy  of  Nassau,  and  of  tho  territories  of 
tho  city  of  Fninkfort.  Surface  elevated  and  mountainous 
in  tho  N.,  which  is  traversed  In  the  N.E.  by  the  Vogel- 
borg  and  in  tho  S.E.  by  tho  Odcnwald,  Highest  point,  the 
Taufstein,  2283  foot.  Tho  graiter  part  of  the  territory  is 
iiituutod  in  the  basin  of  the  Rhine,  tho  rest  in  that  of  tho 
Weser.  Chief  rivers,  the  Rhino  (which  traverses  all  tho 
8.  portion)  and  its  affluents  tho  Illiiin  and  the  Lahn ;  and 
the  Schwalm  and  Fulda,  uiHuonts  of  the  Woser.  Tho  cli- 
mate is  cold,  except  in  the  valley  of  tho  Rhine.  More  than 
half  the  territory  is  arable,  and  tho  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Chief  crops,  wheat  in  the  lowlands,  buckwheat  in  the  Odcn- 
wald, oats  in  Rhenish  Hesse,  millet  in  Starkenburg ;  pota- 
toes generally  thrive  best  in  the  mountain-districts.  The 
other  products  are  flax,  hemp,  hops,  tobacco,  and  fruit.  The 
vino  is  cultivated  in  all  the  provinces,  but  chiefly  in  Rhenish 
Hesse.  Forests  belong  chiefly  to  Ober-Hessen  and  Starken- 
burg. Cattle-roaring  is  an  important  branch  of  rural  in- 
dustry. Minerals  comprise  copper,  iron,  coal,  and  salt. 
Iron  is  mined  chiefly  in  Obcr-llessen  and  the  Odcnwald, 
salt  at  Wimpfen,  and  coal  at  Dorhcim.  Spinning  and 
weaving  linen  and  hempen  goods  are  the  principal  manu- 
factures ;  and  others  comprise  silk,  paper,  chemical  prod- 
ucts, and  metals.  The  principal  cntrepOt  is  Mentz.  The 
grand  duchy  is  traversed  from  N.  to  S.  by  the  Frankfort  & 
Mannheim  Railroad.  The  chief  educational  establishments 
are  tho  University  of  Giesscn,  7  gymnasia,  and  numerous 
elementary  schools.  Chief  towns,  Mentz,  Darmstadt  (the 
capital),  Oflenbach,  Worms,  and  Giessen. 

llesse-Cassel,  hSss-kos's^l,  or  Electoral  Hesse 
(Ger.  Kurhesscn,  k6^r'h{s*s?n),  formerly  a  state  of  Western 
Germany,  was  incorporated  with  Prussia,  August  6,  1866, 
and  now  forms  part  of  the  province  of  Hesse-Nassau. 

Hesse  Casscl,  hess  kas's^l,  a  village  of  Allen  co.,  Ind. 
It  has  a  Catholic  church,  and  a  house  of  ladies  called  Poor 
Handmaids  of  Jesus  Christ. 

Hcssc-Homburg)  hiss-hom'biirg,  formerly  a  small 
state  of  Germany,  in  the  W. ;  capital,  Homburg.  It  was 
incorporated  with  Hesse-Darmstadt  in  1866,  but  was  after- 
wards, in  the  same  year,  ceded  to  Prussia  by  tho  treaty  of 
Berlin,  and  now  forms  part  of  the  province  of  Hesse-Nassau. 

Hessclde,  hds'sgl-o'^h,  a  small  island  of  Denmark,  in 
the  Cattegat,  about  16  miles  N.  of  Seoland.  On  it  is  a 
light,  85  ieet  above  sea-level. 

Hesscn,  hfis's^n,  or  Hesse,  hSss  (L.  Hesita,  h8s'- 
sbe-a),  a  country  in  the  W.  part  of  Germany,  originally 
inhabited  by  the  Kattbs  (Catti),  a  powerful  German  na- 
tion. It  now  comprises  a  district  between  lat.  49°  24'  and 
bl"  38'  N.  and  Ion.  7°  53'  and  10°  11'  E.  See  IIerse  and 
IIf.sse-Nassau. Adj.  and  inhab.  HussiAJf,  hfish'yan. 

Hesse-Nassau,  hfiss-nis'saw,  a  province  of  Prussia, 
formed  of  the  former  electorate  of  Hesse-Cassel,  the  duchy 
of  Nassau,  the  landgraviate  of  Hesse-Homburg,  the  free 
state  of  Frankfort,  and  parts  of  Hesse-Darmstadt  and  Ba- 
varia, ceded  to  Prussia  by  the  treaty  of  Berlin,  1866.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  Westphalia,  E.  by  Prussian  Saxony 
and  tho  states  of  Saxe-Weimar-Eisenaoh  and  Bavaria,  S.  by 
the  south  part  of  the  grand  duchy  of  Hesse,  W.  by  the  Rhine 
provinces,  Westphalia,  and  Waldeck.  It  is  between  50°  and 
61°  40'  N.  lat.  and  7°  40'  and  10°  10'  E.  Ion.,  with  a  small 
detached  territory  to  the  E.  of  Saxe- Weimar-Eisenach,  con- 
taining Schmalkalden,  and  another  to  the  N.  of  Lippe. 
Area,  6137  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1890,  1,664,000.  It  is  di- 
vided into  the  districts  of  Cassel  and  Wiesbaden.  Surface 
elevated  and  mountainous;  the  Mcissner,  S.E.  of  Almerode, 
2325  feet  above  the  sea,  is  the  highest  point  in  the  main 
portion  of  the  territory,  and  the  Inselbcrg,  one  of  the  sum- 
mits of  the  Thliringcr-Wald,  on  the  frontier  of  Schmal- 
'  kalden,  is  the  culminating  point  of  the  province.  The  chief 
rivers  are  the  Weser,  with  its  two  upper  branches  the 
Werra  and  the  Fulda,  and  the  Rhine,  which  forms  the  S.W. 
boundary,  with  its  afiluents  the  Main  and  the  Lahn.  Cli- 
mate generally  cold,  except  in  the  valleys  of  the  Main  and 
Rhine.  Soil  fertile,  with  excellent  pasturage  in  Wiesbaden. 
Chief  crops,  rye,  barley,  oats,  wheat,  maize,  potatoes,  flax, 
bemp,  and  tobacco.  Fruit  of  all  kinds  is  abundant,  and 
cider  is  miwle.  The  vine  is  cultivated  in  the  S.  and  W.  of 
the  province ;  it  ripens  also  in  the  valley  of  the  Werra,  near 
Witzcnhausen,  the  northernmost  point  of  its  cultivation  in 
-Germany.    Excellent  wine  is  produoed  in  the  district  called 


the  Rheingau,  and  in  the  vineyards  of  Stcinburg,  RUdcs 
heim,  Hocnheim,  and  Johannisberg.  Forests  occupy  one- 
third  of  the  territory;  the  |)rincipal  timber  is  oak,chn,nnd 
beech.  Among  the  minerals  are  iron,  coal,  copper,  nnd 
lead.  In  Schmalkalden  there  are  7  iron-furnaces,  pro- 
ducing iron  of  excellent  quality ;  in  the  rest  of  the  province 
there  are  several  other  iron-furnaces.  The  chief  ooal- 
mines  are  in  the  N.E.  and  in  the  Westerwald.  Turf  is 
abundant,  and  is  used  for  fuel.  The  province  has  numer- 
ous mineral  springs,  and  tho  sulphur  baths  of  Noundorf 
are  among  the  best-frequented  in  North  Oorrnnny;  tho 
waters  of  Wiesbaden,  Nieder-Seltcrs,  and  Ems  are  in  high 
repute  and  extensively  exported.  The  most  important 
manufactures  are  linen  fabrics,  flannels,  cari)ctF,  cotton, 
silks,  and  velvets,  iron  nnd  steel  goods  of  every  description, 
paper,  wooden-wares,  pianos,  chemical  products,  tobacco, 
Dcct-root  sugar,  pottery,  and  jewelry.  The  chief  branch 
of  commerce  is  in  the  transit  of  goods,  which  is  facilitated 
by  the  navigable  rivers  Rhine,  Lahn,  Main,  Weser,  Werra, 
and  Fulda,  and  by  railways.  Among  the  educational  estab- 
lishments are  the  university  at  Marburg,  the  military  and 
polytechnic  school  at  Cassel,  and  the  theological  seminary 
at  Fulda.  The  chief  towns  are  Cassel,  Hanau,  Fulda,  Mar- 
burg, Frankfort,  Wiesbaden,  and  Homburg. 

Hesscn,  Lower  or  Nieder.    See  NiEDEn-IlE.ssEx. 

Hcssen,  Rhenish,  Germany.    Ses  Rhein-Hkssen. 

Hesscn,  Upper  or  Ober.    See  Ober-IIessex. 

Hess  Rond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Newfane  township,  about  9  miles  N.  of  Lockport,  and  1 
mile  from  the  Rome,  Watertown  <fc  Ogdcnsburg  Railroad. 
It  has  a  church.  Hess  Road  Station  is  on  the  Ontario 
Shore  Branch  of  the  above  road,  23  miles  E.  of  Lewiston. 

Hess'ton,  a  post-ofiicc  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind. 

Hcss'ville,  a  post-office  of  Sumner  co.,  Kansas. 

HcssviHe  (Black  Swamp  Post-Office),  a  village  of  San- 
dusky CO.,  0.,  in  Washington  township,  2  miles  from  Lindsey 
Station,  which  is  23  miles  S.E.  of  Toledo.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  flour-mill,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  distillery. 

HcssviHe,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co.,  W.  Va. 

Hes'ter,  a  post-oflSce  of  Marion  co.,  Mo. 

Hester  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Meigs  co.,  Tenn.,  about 
50  miles  N.E.  of  Chattanooga.     Here  is  a  flour-mill. 

Hester's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Person  co.,  N.C. 

Hes'tonville,  a  suburb  of  Philadelphia,  in  the  24th 
ward,  adjacent  to  George's  Hill  and  Fairmount  Park,  on 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  the  state-house. 
It  has  6  churches,  a  machine-shop,  2  wool!  en -factories,  Ac. 

Hcsudrus,  or  Hesydrus,  India.    See  Sutlej. 

Het  Bildt,  Netherlands.     See  Bildt. 

Heteny-Hozzu,  hiHSn'-hos'soo',  written  also  Hoss- 
zuhctin,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Baranya,  7  miles 
from  Funfkirchen.     Pop.  2226. 

Hetcren,  hi't^h-r^n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Gelderland,  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Arnhem.     Pop.  3048. 

Heth,  a  township  of  Harrison  eo.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
River.     Pop.  1615.     It  contains  Mauckport. 

Heth,  a  post-office  of  Ozark  co..  Mo. 

Hethkby,  a  village  of  Prussia.    See  Haddedv. 

Het^hau'ra,  a  village  of  Nepaul,  18  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Khatmandoo,  and  a  principal  mart  for  the  commerce  be- 
tween the  Nepaulese  and  the  British  dominions. 

Het'lerville,  a  post-office  of  Columbia  co.,  Pa. 

Het  Oude  Schild,  h5t  5w'd?h  SKilt,  a  village  of  the 
Netherlands,  in  North  Holland,  island  of  Texcl.     P.  1058. 

Het'ricks,  a  hamlet  of  York  co..  Pa.,  in  Codorus  town- 
ship, 2  miles  from  Glenville  Station. 

Hets'lerville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Darke  co.,  0.,  on  the 
railroad  between  Sidney  and  Union  City,  4  or  5  miles  E.  of 
the  latter. 

Het  Sloe,  Mt  sloo,  that  part  of  the  West  Scheldt 
River  which  separates  the  island  of  South  Beveland  from 
that  of  Walcheren. 

Hettcnem,  a  village  of  Franco.    See  IltrrrEJiHEiw. 

Hcttingen,  hit'ting-?n,  a  village  of  Germany,  :n 
Baden,  circle  of  Lower  Rhine.     Pop.  1218. 

Hct'ton-le-Hole,  a  township  of  England,  eo.  of 
Durham,  5i  miles  E.N.E.  of  Durham,  with  which,  and 
with  Sunderland,  <kc.,  it  is  connected  by  railway. 

Hettstadt,  or  Hettstedt,  hJtt'stfitt,  a  town  of  Prus- 
sian Saxony,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Merseburg,  on  the  AVipper. 
Pop.  5988.  It  has  a  fine  church,  copper-mines,  and  vitriol- 
works. 

Het'y,  the  Dutch  for  Y,  a  branch  of  the  Zutder  Zee. 

Heubach,  hoi'bdK,  Gross,  groce,  and  Klein,  kline^ 
two  towns  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Main,  about  30  miles  W.S.W. 
of  WUrzburg.  Pop.  of  Gross  Heubach,  1825;  of  Klein 
Heubach,  1390.  i'^'?'     . 


IlEU 


1399 


IIIC 


Heubach,  hoi'biK,  a  town  of  South  Germany,  in  WUr- 
tembcrg,  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Gmiind.     Pop.  1490. 

Ileiichelheim,  hoi'K?l-hime\  a  village  of  Hesse,  in 
Ober-IIessen,  circle  of  Giessen.     Pop.  1476. 

Ileudicourt,  huliMee^koon',  a  village  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Somme,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Pfironne.     Pop.  1699. 

Ileukeloni,  ho'k?li-lom\  or  Heukelam,  hb'k^li- 
lum\  a  small  town  of  the  Netherlands,  province  of  South 
Holland,  on  the  Linge,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Gorkum.   Pop.  1268. 

Ileilie,  hul  or  ho'leh,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
of  West  Flanders,  2  miles  N.W.  of  Courtrai,  on  the  Heule. 
It  has  manufactures  of  linen  goods.     Pop.  3400. 

Heumen,  ho'men,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Geklerland,  6  miles  S.  of  Nymwegen.     Pop.  600. 

Ileurc-le-Romain,  huR-l^h-ro^mlx"',  a  village  of 
Belgium,  7  miles  N.  of  Liege.     Pop.  1400. 

Hciisden,  hus'den,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of 
East  Flanders,  4  mile's  S.E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  2520. 

Ilciisden,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of  Limbourg, 
8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ilasselt.     Pop.  1600. 

Heusden,  has'den  or  hos'd^n,  a  small  fortified  town 
of  the  Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant,  on  the  Old  Maas,  8 
■miles  N.AV.  of  Bois-le-Duc,  with  a  strong  citadel.    P.  2105. 

Ileustreu,  hois'troi,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Saale, 
45  miles  N.N.E.  of  Wiirzburg.     Pop.  960. 

Heuvelton,  hu'v^l-ton,  a  post-village  of  St.  Law- 
rence CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Oswegatchie  River,  7  miles  by  rail 
B.E.  of  Ogdensburg.  It  has  3  churches,  a  union  free  school, 
a  lumber-mill,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  sash-,  door-,  and  blind- 
factory.     Pop.  about  600. 

Hever,  hi'v?r,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of  Bra- 
bant, on  a  railway,  and  on  the  Dyle,  13  miles  N.E.  of 
Brussels.     Pop.  1770. 

Heverl6,  hiV5ii"l.\',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Brabant, 
on  the  Dyle,  12  miles  E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  2100, 

Ilevcs,  hi^vJsh',  a  market-town  of  Hungary,  55  miles 
E.N.B.  of  Pcsth.  Pop.  5703.  Wine  and  tobacco  are  ex- 
ported from  it. 

Ileves,  a  county  of  Northwest  Central  Hungary.  Area, 
1462  square  miles.  In  the  N.  it  is  mountainous,  but  the 
S.E.  portion  is  a  part  of  the  central  plain  of  Hungary. 
Chief  town,  Gyongyos.     Pop.  216,633. 

Ilew'et,  a  township  of  Clark  co..  Wis.     Pop.  101. 

Hew'ett,  a  post-office  of  Boone  co.,  W.  Va. 

HeAV'ettsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clark  co..  Wis.,  5  or 
6  miles  W.  of  Neillsville.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Hew'itt,  a  post-office  of  Walker  co.,  Ala. 

Hewitt,  a  post-hamlet  of  Passaic  co.,  N.J.,  and  a  sta- 
tion on  the  Montclair  &  Greenwood  Lake  Railroad,  10 
miles  S.  of  Greenwood  Lake  Station,  and  40  miles  from 
New  York  City.     It  has  2  iron-furnaces. 

Ilew'ittviile,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Potsdam  township.    It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  shinglo-fixctory. 

Ilew'lett's,  a  station  in  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Rockaway  Branch  of  the  Southern  Railroad  of  Long  Island, 
19  miles  S.W.  of  Long  Island  City. 

Hewlett's,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Hanover  co., 
Va.,  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  35  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Richmond.     It  has  an  academy.     Pop.  100. 

Hex'ham,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Northumberland, 
on  the  Tyne,  and  on  the  Newcastle  <fc  Carlisle  Railway, 
20i  miles  W.  of  Newcastle.  It  stands  in  a  vale  noted  for 
beauty  and  richness.  It  has  a  parish  church,  formerly  an 
abbey,  a  handsome  Roman  Catholic  chapel,  a  small  gram- 
•  mar-school,  a  town  hall  and  jail,  a  house  of  correction, 
union  workhouse,  2  branch  banks,  and  manufactures  of 
gloves,  hats,  and  coarse  worsteds.     Pop.  5331. 

Heyde,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Heide. 

He  yd  on,  a  town  of  England.     See  Ueden. 

Heyduke  Towns,  of  Hungary.    See  Haiduck. 

Hey  I,  hile,  a  small  river  of  England,  co.  of  Cornwall, 
flowing  N.  into  the  Bay  of  St.  Ives. 

Heynesgryn,  Bohemia.     See  HEiNRiCHScntJN. 

Heyrieux,  hi're-uh',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  IsSre,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Vienne.     Pop.  1365. 

Heysham,  haz'ham,  a  favorite  resort  for  sea-bathing 
In  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  on  a  peninsula  between  More- 
cambe  Bay  and  the  mouth  of  the  Loyne,  4^  miles  AV.  of 
.  Lancaster. 

Heyst,  hist,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of  West 
Flanders,  9  miles  N.  of  Bruges,  near  the  sea.     Pop.  1100. 

Heyst-op-den-Berg,  hist-op-d6n-b6RG,  a  town  of 
Belgium,  province  and  17  miles  S.E.  of  Antwerp,  on  the 
Great  N6the.    It  has  tanneries,  distilleries,  <ke.     Pop.  6000. 

Heytesbury,  haits'b^r-e,  an  ancient  borough  and 
parish  of  England,  co.  of  Wilts,  3i  miles  E.S.E.  of  War- 
minster.    Pop.  993.    It  has  a  church  and  a  hospital. 


Heythnisen,  hl'toi^z^n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlanda, 
in  Liraburg,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Roermond.     Pop.  1762. 

Heytman's,  hite'manz,  a  station  in  Allamakee  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Dubuque  <fc  Minnesota  Railroad,  54  miles  N. 
of  Dubuque. 

IleyAVOod,  hi'wood,  a  village  and  chapelry  of  England, 
CO.  of  Lancaster,  8  miles  by  rail  N.N.AV.  of  Manchester. 

Heyworth,  ha'w9rth,  a  post-village  of  McLean  co., 
111.,  in  Randolph  township,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Rail- 
road 12  miles  S.  of  Bloomington.  It  has  4  churches,  2 
banks,  and  2  wagon-shops.     Pop.  in  1890,  566. 

Hezar-Asp,  a  town  of  Asia.    See  Hesauab. 

Hia,  a  town  of  China.    See  Heea. 

Hia-Kiang,  a  town  of  China.    See  Heea-Kiano. 

Hia-Loiii,  a  town  of  China.    See  Heea-Looee. 

Hiang-Ho,  he-fi,ng'ho,  a  town  of  China,  province  of 
Pe-Chee-Lee,  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Peking,  on  the  Pei-llo. 

Hiang-Ho-Vou,  or  Hiang-Ho-Voo,  he-ing'- 
ho-voo',  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Quang-Seo,  30  milea 
S.S.E.  of  Chin-Ngan. 

Hiao-Y,  a  town  of  China.    See  Heeow-Ee. 

Hiarnoe,  an  island  of  Denmark.    See  Hjarnob. 

Hi'attville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bourbon  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Pawnee  township,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Rail- 
road, 15  miles  S.W.  of  Fort  Scott. 

Hi'awas'see,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Towns  co., 
Ga.,  on  the  Hiawassce  River,  about  100  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Atlanta. 

Hiawassee  (or  Hiwas'see)  River  rises  in  the 
N.E.  part  of  Georgia,  and,  running  northwestward,  inter- 
sects Cherokee  co.,  N.C.,  from  which  it  passes  into  the  state 
of  Tennessee.  It  pursues  a  N.W.  course,  forms  the  boundary 
between  Bradley  and  McMinn  cos.,  and  enters  the  Ten- 
nessee River  about  10  miles  AV.  of  Decatur.  It  is  about 
150  miles  long. 

HiaAVa'tha,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Brown  co.,  Kan- 
sas, on  the  St.  Joseph  &  Denver  City  Railroad,  42  miles 
AV.  by  N.  of  St.  Joseph,  and  about  32  miles  N.AV.  of 
Atchison.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  bank,  3  newspaper 
offices,  14  churches,  public  schools,  a  library,  and  manu- 
factures of  carriages.     Pop.  in  1890,  2486. 

Hiawa'tha,  a  post-village  in  Peterborough  co.,  On- 
tario, on  Rice  Lake,  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Peterborough,  Pop., 
chiefly  Indians,  135. 

Hi  bar,  a  river  of  Turkey.    See  Ibak. 

Hibbe,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Geib. 

Hibbiappaba,  Brazil.    See  Ibiapaba. 

Hibb's  Hole,  a  fishing  settlement  in  the  district  of 
Brigus,  Newfoundland,  on  the  N.  side  of  Conception  Bay, 
3  miles  from  Brigus.     Pop.  183. 

Hibbs'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa,  2 
miles  from  Numiv  Station. 

Hibernia,  the  Latin  name  of  Ireland. 

Hiber'nia,  a  post-office  and  winter  resort  of  Clay  co., 
Fla.,  on  the  St.  John's  River,  25  miles  S.  of  Jacksonville. 

Hibernia,  a  village  of  Callaway  co..  Mo.,  near  the 
Missouri  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  20 
miles  S.AV.  of  Fulton. 

Hibernia,  a  post- village  in  Rockaway  township,  Morris 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Hibernia  Mine  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of 
Morristown.     It  has  2  churches.     Iron  ore  is  mined  here. 

Hibernia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Clinton  township,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Poughkeepsie. 

Ilibiappaba,  Brazil.     See  Ibiapaba. 

Hib'ler,  a  township  of  Edgefield  eo.,  S.C.     Pop.  1607. 

Hicaron,  United  States  of  Colombia.    Sec  Quicara. 

Hicesia,  the  ancient  name  of  Panabia. 

Hick'man,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Kentucky,  has 
an  area  of  about  240  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
AV^.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  is  intersected  by  Little 
Obion  River.  The  surface  is  mostly  level.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile. Indian  corn,  tobacco,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad  and 
the  AVilmington  <fc  AVeldon  Railroad,  the  latter  passing 
through  Clinton,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870, 
8453;  in  1880,  10,651;  in  1890,  11,637. 

Hickman,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee,  has  an  area 
of  about  648  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Duck  River. 
The  surface  is  hilly,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  the 
ash,  chestDut,  hickory,  oak,  walnut,  <fec.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  cotton^  wheat,  peanuts,  and  pork  are  the  sta- 
ples. This  county  has  iron  ore  in  plenty.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Nashville  Chattanooga  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  which 
passes  through  Centreville,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  9856 ; 
in  1880,  12,095;  in  1890,  14,499. 

Hickman,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Fulton  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  30  miles  below  Cairo,  and 


HIO 


1400 


nic 


M  bUm  bj  land  S.W.  of  Paduooh.  It  ia  a  terminal  of 
tha  NMhvUla,  Chattanooga  A  St.  Louia  lUilroad.  It  has 
8  ohurehos,  a  newtpapor  offio«,  a  seminary,  2  banlcs,  a 
WagOD-faotory,  2  rpoke-faotoriea,  a  box-  factory,  3  saw-miUs, 
and  3  gritt-milli.     Pop.  in  1890,  1062. 

llickmnu,  Uarranl  oo.,  Kjr.    See  FrrcnpoRT. 

Uickinnn,  a  HUtiun  in  Uoono  oo.,  Mo.,  on  tho  Columbia 
Branch  uf  tho  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  <t  Nortborn  Railroad, 
8  miluj  S.S.\V.  of  Centralia.     It  is  near  Ilallsvillc. 
.  Ilickniniif  a  iN)st-hamlot  of  Lancaster  co..  Neb.,  on 
the  Atchison  A  Ncbnislca  Railroad,  14  miles  S.  of  Lincoln. 

Ilickiiian,  a  post-hamlet  of  Horry  co.,  S.C.,  in  Simp- 
ion  Cioi'k  township. 

Ilickiimu  Creek,  of  Kentucky,  rises  in  Fayette  oo., 
and  lluvrg  through  Jessamine  co.  into  tho  Kentucky  River. 

Hickman  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Mo., 
0  miles  S.  of  Kansas  City.     It  has  3  churches. 

Ilickiiiaii's,  a  pust-offioe  of  Tuscaloosa  oo.,  Ala. 

Ilickiiiaii^s,  Kentucky.     See  Crow's. 

Ilickinun's,  a  station  on  tho  Wyandotte,  Kansas  City 
A  Northwestern  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Hickman's  Bend,  a  hnmlet  of  Mississippi  oo.,  Ark., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  near  tho  mouth  of  the  Obion. 

Hickman's  Bridge,  Kentucky.    See  Fitciiport. 

llick'ury,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Mis- 
•ouri,  has  an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  intor- 
lectml  by  the  Pomme  de  Terre  River,  and  is  also  drained  by 
the  Little  Niangua  River.  The  surfaco  is  undulating,  and 
a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  Nearly  half  of 
this  county  is  prairie.  Tho  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Lead  is  said 
to  be  found  in  it.  Capital,  llermitiige,  situated  on  or  near 
the  West  bank  of  the  Pomme  de  Terre  River.  Pop.  in 
1870,  6452;  in  1880,  7387;  in  1890,  9453. 

Hickory,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  111.     Pop.  513. 

Hickory,  or  Seven  Hickory,  a  township  of  Coles 
CO..  111.     Pop.  1402. 

Hickory,  a  post-ofiioe  of  Lako  co..  111. 

Hickory,  a  township  of  Schuyler  co.,  111.  Pop.  557. 
It  contains  Bluff  City. 

Hickory,  or  Independent,  a  post-village  of  Van 
Buren  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Des  Moines  River,  and  on  the 
Keokuk  &  Dos  Moines  Railroad,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Ottumwa. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  woollen-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Hickory,  p.  post-township  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas,  18 
miles  S.E.  of  El  Dorado.     Pop.  258. 

Hickory,  a  st^ition  in  Graves  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Paducah 
&  Memphis  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Mayfield. 

Hickory,  a  post-ofiSce  of  Harford  co.,  Md. 

Hickory,  a  post-village  of  Newton  co..  Miss.,  on  tbe 
Vicksburg  &  Meridian  Railroad,  71  miles  E.  of  Jackson.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  155. 

Hickory,  formerly  Hickory  Tavern,  a  post-town 
and  summer  resort  of  Catawba  co.,  N.C.,  is  near  the  Ca- 
tawba River,  and  on  the  Western  North  Carolina  Railroad, 
60  miles  W.  of  Salisbury,  and  35  miles  W.  of  Statesville. 
It  is  the  terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  Carolina  Central  Rail- 
road. It  has  7  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  cotton-mills, 
flour-mills,  saw-  and  planing-mills,  a  shoe-factory,  a  tan- 
nery, and  a  cigar-  and  tobacco-factory.     Pop.  2023. 

Hickory,  a  township  of  Forest  co..  Pa.,  on  the  E.  bank 
of  the  Alleghany  River.  Pop.  513.  Hickory  Station,  on 
the  opposite  side  of  the  river,  is  on  tho  Pittsburg,  Titusville 
&  Buffalo  Railroad,  6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Tionesta. 

Hickory,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co..  Pa.,  is  bounded 
W.  by  Neshannock  Creek.     Pop.  915, 

Hickory,  a  township  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  contains  New 
Virginia,  Sharpsville,  Wheatland,  Hermitage,  Neshannock, 
Sharon,  <tc.  Pop.,  exclusive  of  Sharon,  7700.  It  has  nu- 
merous largo  manufactories  of  iron,  nails,  hardware,  &c. ; 
also  very  valuable  mines  of  splint  furnace-coal,  which  is 
estensively  mined  for  shipment. 

Hickory,  a  post-village  in  Mount  Pleasant  township, 
Washington  co.,  Pa.,  about  22  miles  S.AV.  of  Pittsburg.  It 
is  4  miles  from  Primrose  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hickory,  a  post-office  of  Mason  co.,  W.  Va. 

Hickory  Barren,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co..  Mo. 

Hickory  Corners,  a  poet-village  of  Barry  co.,  Mich., 
in  Barry  township,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Kalamazoo.  It  baa  2 
churches,  2  wagon-shops,  and  5  stores.     Pop.  about  200. 

Hickory  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y. 

Hickory  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northumberland 
CO.,  Pa.,  2  miles  from  Georgetown.     It  has  a  church. 

Hickory  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Hempstead  co..  Ark. 

Hickory  Creek,  a  post-hamlct  of  layette  co.,  111., 
about  14  miles  S.E.  of  Yandalio.     It  has  a  church. 

Hickory  Crccky  a  hamlet  in  Grundy  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 


Chioago,  Rock  Island  A  Paoiflo  Railroad,  8  miles  S.W.  of 
Trenton.  It  has  2  stores,  and  large  manufactures  of  walnut 
and  oak  lumber  and  of  staves  and  shingles. 

Hickory  Creek,  of  Gillespie  co.,  Tex.,  flows  N.E.  into 
the  Rio  Llano. 

Hickory  Flat,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chambers  co.,  Ala., 
10  miles  N.E.  of  Buffalo  Wallow. 

Hickory  Flat,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ga. 

Hickory  Flat,  a  post-uffico  of  Simpson  co.,  Ky. 

Hickory  Flat,  a  post-office  of  Calcasieu  parish.  La. 

Hickory  Flat,  a  post-hamlct  of  Benton  oo..  Miss.,  2^ 
miles  S.E.  of  Holly  S|>rings.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hickory  Fork,  a  hamlot  of  Gloucester  co.,  Va.,  27 
miles  S.E.  of  West  Point.  It  has  2  stores.  Hero  is  White 
Marsh  Post-Offico. 

Hickory  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Ga., 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Knoxville. 

Hickory  Grove,  township,  Jasper  co.,  Iowa.     P.  487. 

Hickory  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Keokuk  &  Des  Moines  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of 
Albia.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hickory  Grove,  township,  Scott  co.,  Iowa.    P.  1196. 

Hickory  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Graves  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Paducah  &  Memphis  Railroad,  20  miles  S.  of  Paducah 
It  has  a  church. 

Hickory  Grove,  a  hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Mich,,  in 
Parma  township,  3  miles  from  Devereux  Station. 

Hickory  Grove,  a  township  of  Warren  co..  Mo.  Pop. 
1763.     It  contains  Wright  City,  Pitts,  and  Tuque. 

Hickory  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wake  co.,  N.C.,  14 
miles  from  Nouse  Station. 

Hickory  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Susquehanna  co.. 
Pa.,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  4  miles  E,  of  Great  Bend,  It 
has  an  academy,  a  tannery,  and  a  steam  lumber-mill. 

Hickory  Grove,  a  post-office  of  York  co.,  S.C. 

Hickory  Grove,  post-office,  Prince  William  co.,  Va. 

Hickory  Grove,  a  township  of  Grant  co.,  Wis.  Pop. 
843.     Post-office,  Homer. 

Hickory  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Phillips  co..  Ark.,  6 
miles  from  Palmer  Railroad  Station. 

Hickory  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  HI. 

Hickory  Hill,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  111.  Pop.  878. 
It  contains  Keenville  and  New  Franklin. 

Hickory  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cole  co..  Mo.,  13 
miles  S.W.  of  Jefferson  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Hickory  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Elk  township,  4i  miles  S.E.  of  Oxford.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hickory  Mountain,  a  township  of  Chatham  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  960. 

Hickory  Plains,  a  post-village  of  Prairie  oo..  Ark.,  39 
miles  E.N.E,  of  Littlo  Rock.  It  has  3  churches  and  an 
academy. 

Hickory  Plains,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prentiss  co.,  Miss., 
8  miles  E.  of  Boonevillo.     It  has  a  church. 

Hickory  Point,  a  township  of  Macon  co..  111.  Pop 
1136.     It  contains  Forsyth. 

Hickory  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co.,  111., 
7  miles  W.  of  West  Point,     It  haa  a  church. 

Hickory  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Tenn. 

Hickory  Run,  a  post-village  of  Carbon  co..  Pa.,  on  tho 
Lehigh  River,  and  on  the  Lohigh  Valley  Railroad,  20  miles 
N,  of  Mauch  Chunk,  It  has  a  sash-factory  and  2  or  3 
stores,  , 

Hickory  Tavern,  Catawba  co.,  N.C,    See  Hickort. 

Hick'orytown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.. 
Pa,,  3  miles  E.  of  Norristown, 

Hickory  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Independecce  co., 
Ark.,  12  miles  N.  of  Bates ville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  saw-mill. 

Hickory  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Winn  parish,  La. 

Hickory  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hardeman  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  <t  Chicago  Railroad. 
10  miles  S.W.  of  Bolivar.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 

Hickory  Withe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  Tenn., 
6  miles  from  Withe  Railroad  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hicks,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chemung  co.,  N.Y.,  5  miles 
S.E.  of  Erin  Station.     It  has  a  public  hall  and  a  saw-mill. 

Hicks,  a  station  in  Warren  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cincinnati  & 
Muskingum  Valley  Rjvilroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Morrow. 

Hicks'burg,  a  village  of  Dorchester  co.,  Md,,  about  44 
miles  S,E,  of  Annapolis. 

Hicks  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co..  Mo,,  13 
miles  N.E,  of  Pleasant  Hill,     It  has  a  church. 

Hick's  Ferry,  a  station  in  Luzerne  co,.  Pa.,  on  the 
Lackawanna  &  Bloomsburg  Railroad,  and  on  the  Susque- 
hanna River,  37  miles  S.W.  of  Scranton. 

Hicks'ford,  called  also  Greenville  Junction,  a 


HIC 


1401 


niG 


post-village,  formerly  the  capital  of  Greensville  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Moherrin  Kiver,  and  on  the  railroad  between  Peters- 
burg and  Weldon,  at  the  junction  of  the  Gaston  Branch 
Railroad,  4+  miles  S.  of  Petersburg.  It  has  4  churches 
and  several  flour-mills. 

Hicks'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sacramento  co.,  Cal.,  2 

miles  from  McConnell's  Railroad  Station.    It  has  a  church. 

Hicksville,  a  village  in  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  New 

Bedford  and  Fall  River  Railroad,  6  miles  W.N.W.  of  New 

Bedford,  and  7  miles  from  Fall  River. 

Hicksville,  a  post-village  in  Oyster  Bay  township, 
Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  at  its  junc- 
tion with  the  Hicksville  &  Port  Jefferson  Branch,  26  miles 
E.  of  Brooklyn.  It  has  4  churches,  an  academy,  a  fine 
hotel,  and  manufactures  of  cigars,  clothing,  pearl  buttons, 
mineral  water,  paper  flowers,  carriages,  sash,  and  blinds. 
Hicksville,  a  post-oflice  of  Rutlierford  co.,  N.C. 
Hicksville,  a  post-village  in  Hicksville  township.  De- 
fiance CO.,  0.,  on  the  Chicago  division  of  the  Baltimore  <fc 
Ohio  Railroad,  20  miles  W.  of  Defiance.  It  has  a  bank,  8 
churches,  a  graded  school,  2  newspaper  ofliices,  and  manu- 
factures of  lumber,  handles,  cigars,  staves,  harness,  Ac. 
Pop.  in  1890,  2141;  of  the  township,  3314. 

Hicksville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bland  co.,  Va.,  27  miles 
JI.  of  Wytheville. 

Hick's  Wharf,  a  post-hamlet  of  Matthews  co.,  Va., 
on  an  arm  of  Chesapeake  Bay. 

Hi'co,  a  post-village  of  Benton  co.,  Ark.,  about  20 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Fayetteville.     It  has  a  church,  3  stores, 
a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 
Hico,  a  post-oflice  of  Calloway  co.,  Ky. 
Hico,  a  village  of  Nevada.     See  lIiKO. 
Hico,  a  station  in  Carroll  co.,  Tcnn.,  on  the  railroad 
from  Nashville  to  Hickman,  Ky.,  7  miles  W.  by  N,  from 
Huntingdon. 

Hico,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  Tex.,  85  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Waco.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  an  academy, 
and  2  newspaper  ofiices.     Pop.  649. 

Hida,  a  province  of  Japan.  See  Fida. 
Hidalgo,  hee-d4l'go,  a  state  of  Mexico,  bounded  by 
Mexico,  Queretaro,  San  Luis  Potosi,  and  Vera  Cruz.  Area, 
8158  square  miles.  Capital,  Pachuca.  P.  (1882)  434,096. 
Hidalgo,  h^-dal'go,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Texas, 
borders  on  Mexico.  Area  estimated  at  2970  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Rio  Grande.  The  surface 
is  an  alluvial  plain,  in  which  running  water  is  scarce.  The 
soil  is  mostly  uncultivated,  but  it  produces  pasture  for  nu- 
merous cattle  and  horses.  Capital,  Hidalgo,  situated  on 
the  N.  bank  of  the  Rio  Grande.  Pop.  in  1870,  2387  ;  in 
1880,  4347  ;  in  1890,  6534. 

Hidalgo,  a  post-oflice  of  Jasper  co.,  111.,  on  the  Gray- 
viile  A  Mattoon  Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  Newton. 

Hidalgo,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hidalgo  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  Rio  Grande,  57  miles  above  Brownsville. 

Hidas,  hee'dosh\  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Baranya, 
about  10  miles  from  Szekszard.     Pop.  2572. 

Hidda,  hid'di,  a  village  of  Afghanistan,  5  miles  S.  of 
Jelalabad.  In  its  vicinity  are  numerous  mounds  and  caves, 
containing  sepulchral  relics,  vessels,  ornaments,  Sassanian 
and  Byzantine  coins,  and  supposed  to  be  of  Booddhic  origin. 
Hiddens-(£,  Hiddenso,  hid'dens-o\  or  Hidden- 
see,  hid'd?n-si\  an  island  of  Prussia,  Pomerania,  in  the 
Baltic,  immediately  W.  of  Riigcn.  Length,  9  miles.  Pop. 
690,  in  6  villages,  the  chief  of  which  is  Kloster. 

Hidegkut,  heeMSg'koot',  or  Kaltenbrunn,kAl't9n- 
broonn',  a  village  of  Hungary,  4  miles  from  FUrstenfeld. 
Pop.  IfiOO,  chiefly  Germans. 

llidjcl'lec,  a  former  district  of  Bengal,  now  included 
in  Midnapoor. 

Hidveg,  hidVSg',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Zem- 
plin.on  the  IIernad,'about  8  miles  from  Miskolcz.    P.  1280. 
Hidveg,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Eisenburg,  on  the 
Raab.  1 1  miles  S.S.E.  of  Stein-am-Anger. 

Hielm,  heelm,  an  islet  of  Denmark,  off  the  E,  coast  of 
Jutland,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Ebeltoft. 
Hi  el  mar,  a  lake  of  Sweden.    See  Hjelmar. 
Hiera,  an  ancient  name  of  Maritimo. 
Hierap'olis  (Turk.  Pambuk  or  Pambook  Kaleh,  plm^- 
book' ki'l^h,  "cotton  castle"),  an  ancient  ruined  city  of 
Asiatic  Turkey,  situated  near  the  Lycus,  121  miles  E.  by 
S.  of  Smyrna.     Its   interesting  ruins,  among  which   are 
those  of  3  churches,  a  theatre,  a  gymnasium,  and  many 
eemilchral  monuments,  attest  its  former  magnificence. 

llicrden,  heeR'd^n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Gelderland,  2  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Harderwick. 
Hifcres,  or  Hieros,  France.    See  IIy£res. 
Uieron,  the  ancient  name  of  Carnsore  Poiht. 
89 


Hierosolyma,  an  ancient  name  of  jERusALEif. 

Hierro,  one  of  the  Canary  Islands.    See  Ferro. 

Iliester's  (hee'st?rs)  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  oo.. 
Pa.,  about  7  miles  N.W.  of  Reading. 

Hi'ett,  a  post-oflice  of  Brown  co.,  0. 

Hietzing,  heet'sing,  or  Maria  Hietzing,  mS,-ree'4 
hcet'sing,  a  village  of  Lower  Austria,  3  miles  S.W.  o'f 
Vienna.  It  contains  many  elegant  summer  villas  of  th« 
Viennese.     Pop.  3009. 

Hig'bce,  a  post-oflice  of  Bent  co.,  Col. 

Higbee,  a  post-village  of  Randolph  co..  Mo.,  10  miles 
by  rail  S.W  of  Moberly.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  a 
newspaper  ofiBce,  &o.     Pop.  in  1890,  1093. 

Hig'by,  a  post-office  of  Ross  co.,  0. 

Higby,  a  post-oflice  of  Roane  co.,  W.  Va. 

Hig^ganuin',  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co..  Conn.,  in 
Haddam  township,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Connecticut  River, 
and  on  the  Connecticut  Valley  Railroad,  23i  miles  S.  by  E. 
of  Hartford.  It  contiiins  4  churches,  a  savings-bank,  a 
feldspar-mill,  and  manufactories  of  farming-implements 
and  cotton-threajd.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Hig'gins,  a  township  of  Roscommon  co.,  Mich.    P.  76* 

Higgins,  a  township  of  McDowell  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  401. 

Iliggins  Ferry,  a  post-oflice  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C. 

Hig'ginson,  a  post-office  of  White  co..  Ark.,  on  the 
Iron  Mountain  <t  Southern  Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Jud- 
sonia. 

Higgin's  Point,  a  cape  of  Alaska,  forming  the  N.W. 
point  of  the  N.  entrance  into  the  channel  of  Revilla-Gigedo, 
in  lat.  55°  27'  N.,  Ion.  131°  34'  W. 

Hig'ginsport,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa. 

Higginsport,  a  post-village  of  Brown  co.,  0.,  in  Lewis 
township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  at  the  mouth  of  White  Oak 
Creek,  45  miles  above  Cincinnati.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
steauiboat-lnnding,  a  union  school,  a  flouring-mill,  a  saw- 
mill, and  a  newspaper  office.  About  2000  hogsheads  of 
tobacco  are  shipped  here  annually.    Pop.  in  1890,  764. 

Hig'ginsville,  apost-hamlft  of  Vermilion  co..  111.,  13 
or  14  miles  N.W.  of  Danville.     It  has  a  church. 

Higginsville,  a  post-village  of  Lafayette  co..  Mo.,  12} 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Lexington.  It  has  10  churches,  3 
banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  ))ubiio  school,  &a.    Pop.  2315. 

Higginsville,  a  post-village  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Erie  Canal,  about  10  miles  W.  of  Rome.  It  is  3  miles 
from  State  Bridge  Railroad  Station.     Pop.  219. 

Higginsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hampshire  co.,  W.  Va., 
10  miles  S.  of  South  Branch  Station. 

Higgs'ton,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ga. 

Higham,  hi'am,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Derby, 
parish  of  Shirland.     Pop.  600. 

Higham  Fer'rers,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  14} 
miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Northampton.  It  has  a  richly., 
ornamented  church,  with  a  chapel,  Ac,  which  are  the 
remains  of  a  monastic  college.     Pop.  of  parish,  1232. 

High  Bank,  a  hamlet  of  Pike  co.,  Ind.,  on  or  near  the 
East  Fork  of  White  River,  11  miles  S.  of  Washington. 

High  Banks,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chippewa  co.,  Wis.,  16 
miles  N.  of  Augusta.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

High  Bluflf,  a  post-village  in  Marquette  co.,  Manitoba, 
on  the  river  Assiniboin,  51  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Winnipeg. 
It  is  the  centre  of  one  of  the  best  grain-sections  of  the 
province,  and  has  large  resources  in  good  timber.  It  con- 
tains 2  saw-mills,  a  brewery,  a  store,  2  hotels,  and  3  churches. 
Lake  Manitoba  lies  about  12  miles  N.  of  the  village. 

High  Bridge,  a  post-village  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  South  Branch  of  the  Raritan  River,  and  on  the  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  High  Bridge  Railroad, 
42  miles  W.  of  Elizabeth,  and  21  miles  E.  of  Easton.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  manufactures  of  car- 
wheels  and  axles,  and  mines  of  iron  ore.     Pop.  about  700 

High  Bridge,  Muskingum  co.,  0.     See  Ellis. 

High  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Fremont  co.,  Iowa, 

High  Falls,  a  post-office  of  Geneva  co.,  Ala. 

High  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Marbletown  township, 
Ulster  CO.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  from  Rosendale  Station,  which  is 
8  miles  S.W.  of  Kingston.  It  has  3  churches  and  3  manu- 
factories of  cement.     Pop.  in  1890,  674. 

High  Falls,  a  hamlet  of  Oconee  co.,  S.C,  8  miles  from 
Walhalla. 

High'field,  a  post- village  in  Hants  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on 
the  Kennetcook  River,  3}  miles  from  Newport.     Pop.  200. 

High  For'est,  a  post-village  of  Olmsted  co.,  Minn., 
in  High  Forest  township,  near  Root  River,  15  miles  S.  by 
W.  of  Rochester,  and  about  26  miles  E.N.E.  of  Austin.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  wagon-factory.  Pop.  196 ;  of  town- 
ship (additional),  1007. 

High'gate,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Middlesex,  4} 


ma 


1402 


Hia 


MilM  N.N.W.  of  St.  Panl'i,  London.  It  lUind*  on  a  flno 
•mineaoo,  nbout  460  fwt  kboTO  the  meAropoliR,  hns  a  hand- 
wine  ehurch,  •paaiou*  oemetory,  grammnr-eohool,  hospital, 
and  iin  nltiiKhouRe.     Pop.  6330. 

llieh  Gate,  a  po«t-offlee  of  Marten  eo.,  Mo. 

Hifk'ffatet  a  post-village  in  Highgate  township,  Franlc- 
lin  00.,  Vt.,  on  the  Missisquoi  River,  and  on  the  Portland 
A  Ogdeniburg  Knilroad,  0  milos  N.  of  St.  AlbnnR,  and  7 
mtloi  E.  of  liiiko  Chiunpliiin.  The  township,  which  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Central  Vermont  Kailroud,  contains  4  churches, 
■tore- factories,  Ac,  and  h»s  a  pop.  of  1853. 

Ilii;h  t.nte,  a  po8t-offlce  ot  Surry  oo.,  Va. 

Iligh'f^atc,  a  town  of  Jamaica,  10  miles  W. of  Annotto 
Bav.     Pop.  2846. 

jlighgate  Centre,  a  post- village  of  Franltlin  oo.,  Vt., 
In  Ilighgate  township,  on  the  Missisquoi  Uiver,  and  on  the 
Portland  k  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  St.  Albans. 
It  has  3  churches.     Ilore  is  Ilighgate  Station. 

Highgate  Springes,  apost-hamlet  and  summer  resort 
of  Franklin  oo.,  Vt,,  in  Ilighgate  township,  on  the  Central 
Vermont  Railroad,  and  on  Missisquoi  Baj,  13  miles  N. 
of  St.  Albans.  It  has  mineral  springs,  a  church,  and  a 
large  hotel. 

High  (<roTe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nelson  eo.,  Ky.,  10 
miles  N.  of  Hardstown. 

IIi$;h  (J rove,  a  post-office  of  Maries  co.,  Mo. 

]Ii;;li  Health,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Tenn. 

High  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Leake  eo.,  Miss. 

High  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  <t  Northern  Railroad,  73  miles 
W.N.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  2  churches,  5  stores,  and  a 
mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

High  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Muskingum  oo.,  0.,  in  Meigs 
township,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Cumberland  Station. 

High  Hill,  a  post- village  of  Fayette  co.,  Tex.,  2}  miles 
from  Schulcnburg.     It  has  a  church  and  a  brewery. 

High  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Vernon  co..  Wis. 

High  House,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  Pa.,  8  miles 
W.  of  Uniontown.     Coal  is  found  here. 

High  Knob,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Ky. 

High  Knob,  Pennsylvania.     See  Pocoxo  Mocntais. 

High  Lake,atown8hipof  Emmettco.,  Iowa.    Pop.  205. 

High  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  oo.,  Pa.,  about  20 
miles  N.  of  lloncsdalo.     It  has  a  tannery. 

Highland,  hi'land,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Ohio, 
has  an  area  of  about  475  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
Paint,  Brush,  White  Oak,  and  other  creeks,  and  is  a  table- 
land or  hilly  upland,  its  highest  hills  being  about  1300  feet 
above  tide-water.  The  surface  presents  beautiful  scenery, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  oak,  hickory, 
buckeye,  sugar-maple,  chestnut,  &o. ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  In- 
dian corn,  wheat,  bay,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  stiiple  products. 
Niagara  limestone  of  good  quality  underlies  a  largo  part  of 
the  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio 
fiouthwestern  Railroad  and  the  Cincinnati,  Portsmouth  & 
Virginia  Railroad,  both  of  which  communicate  with  Hills- 
borough, the  capital  of  the  county.  Capital,  Hillsborough. 
Pop.  in  1870,  29,133;  in  1880,  30,281;   in  1890,  29,048. 

Highland,  a  county  of  Virginia,  bordering  on  West 
Virginia,  has  an  area  of  about  389  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Cowpasture  River,  Back  Creek,  and  the 
Booth  Branch  of  the  Potomac,  which  rise  in  it  and  flow  in 
opposite  directions.  The  main  range  of  the  Alleghany 
Mountains  extends  along  the  N.W.  border  of  this  county, 
the  surface  of  which  is  diversified  with  another  high  par- 
allel ridge  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests.  The  valleys 
produce  grass,  wheat,  Indian  corn,  Ac.  Capital,  Monterey. 
Pop.  in  1870,  4151;  in  1880,  5164;  in  1890,  6352. 

Highland,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Ala.,  about  16 
miles  S.  of  Birmingham. 

Highland,  a  post-office  of  Sharp  co..  Ark. 

Highland,  a  township  of  Grundy  co.,  III.    Pop.  1026. 

Highland,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co..  III.,  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Vandalia  A  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  31  miles  E.N.E. 
of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  about  25  miles  N.E.  of  Belleville. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  Catholic  seminary,  2  flouring- 
mills,  a  brewery,  an  embroidery-works,  a  machine-shop,  an 
elevator,  a  sausage-factory,  a  condensed-milk  factory,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  woollen-mill,  a  planing-mill,  Ac.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1857. 

Highland,  a  township  of  Franklin  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  1509. 
Its  N.E.  border  is  on  Whitewater  River. 

Highland,  a  township  of  Oreene  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  White  River.     Pop.  114.3. 

Highland,  a  township  of  Vermilion  co.,  Ind.,  bounded 
en  the  E.  by  the  Wabash,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Illinois 
line.     Pop.  2232.    It  contains  Qessie  and  PerryeTiiie. 


Highland,  a  hamlet  of  Vermilion  eo.,  Ind.,  is  near 
the  Wabash  Uiver,  and  on  the  Evansvillo,  Terre  lluute  k 
Chicago  Railroad,  244  miles  N.  of  Terre  Haute. 

Highland,  a  ]K)st-ham1et  in  Highland  township.  Clay, 
ton  CO.,  Iowa,  about  60  miles  W.N.W.  of  Dubuque,  and  It 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Fayette.  The  township  is  intersected  by 
the  Volga  River.     Pop.  of  the  township,  780. 

Highland,  a  township  of  llrccne  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  122. 

Highland,  a  township  of  Guthrie  Co.,  Iowa.   Pop. 317. 

Highland,  a  township  of  O'Brien  eo.,  Iowa.   Pop.  299. 

Highland,  a  township  of  Palo  Alto  co.,  Iowa.     P.  217. 

Highland,  a  township  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  593, 

Highland,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  56.^. 

Highland,  a  township  of  Wapello  co.,  Iowa.    Pop. 913, 

Highland,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Iowa.   P.  787, 

Highland,  a  township  of  Winneshiek  oo.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Minnesota  line.     Pop.  852. 

Highland,  a  township  of  Clay  co,,  Kansas,  Pop.476. 
Post-office,  Powellsburg. 

Highland,  a  post-village  of  Doniphan  co.,  Kansas,  lb 
Iowa  township,  about  44  miles  N.N.W.  of  Leavenworth,  and 
4  miles  W.  of  Highland  Station  of  the  Atchison  A  Nebraska 
Railroad.  Here  is  the  Highland  University  ( Presbyterian), 
founded  in  1859.  It  has  3  churches,  a  banking-house,  a 
brewery,  and  manufactures  of  brooms  and  fanning-impIC' 
monts.     Pop.  about  750. 

Highland,  a  township  of  Jewell  oo.,  Kansas.  Pop 
437.     Post-offices,  Amity  and  Upland. 

Highland,  atownship  of  Morris  co.,  Kansas.   Pop.  338. 

Highland,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co.,  Ky.,  about  44 
miles  S.  of  Lexington.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  steam 
saw-mill. 

Highland,  a  station  on  the  Dedham  Branch  of  the 
Boston  A  Providence  Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Boston. 

Highland,  a  station  in  Suffolk  oo.,  Mass.,  on  the  East- 
ern Railroad,  1  mile  N.  of  Chelsea, 

Highland,  a  poet-village  of  Oakland  oo.,  Mich.,  in 
Highland  township,  2  miles  from  Highland  Station  of  the 
Flint  A  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  about  20  miles  W.  of 
Pontiac,  and  28  miles  S.  of  Flint.  It  has  a  church,  a 
wagon-shop,  and  a  store.     Pop.  of  the  township,  12G7. 

Highland,  a  township  of  Osceola  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  119. 

Highland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Holt  township,  about  30  miles  S.S.W,  of  Winona.  It  hai 
a  church. 

Highland,  a  township  of  Wabasha  co.,  Minn.  Pop. 
832.     It  conUiins  Lyon. 

Highland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tishemingo  oo..  Miss, 
about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Corinth.     It  has  2  stores. 

Highland,  a  station  in  Lancaster  oo..  Neb.,  on  the 
Burlington  A  Missouri  River  Railroad,  4  miles  N.E.  of 
Crete. 

Highland,  a  post-office  of  Coos  co,,  N,n, 

Highland,  a  station  in  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  North- 
ern Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  13  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City. 

Highland,  a  township  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  on  th« 
Delaware,  which  separates  it  from  Pennsylvania.     P.  1016. 

Highland,  a  post-village  of  Ulster  oo.,  N.Y.,  in  Lloyd 
township,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Hudson  River,  2  miles 
from  Poughkeepsio.  It  has  2  boarding-houses,  several  ele- 
gant residences,  3  churches,  6  stores,  3  hotels,  a  spoke-fao- 
tory,  and  2  wagon-shops.  It  is  surrounded  by  picturesque 
scenery.     Pop,  about  1600, 

Highland,  a  township  of  Defiance  co.,  0.    Pop,  946. 

Highland,  Highland  co.,  0.    See  New  Lexinatox. 

Highland,  a  township  of  Muskingum  co.,  0,  Po|» 
784.     It  contains  Bloomfield. 

Highland,  a  post-office  of  Clackamas  co.,  Oregon. 

Highland,  a  township  of  Adams  co..  Pa.     Pop.  421. 

Highland,  a  station  in  Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pitts- 
burg, Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago  Railroad,  2  miles  ^V.  of  Home- 
wood,  Pa. 

Highland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  oo..  Pa.,  5  miles 
S.W.  of  Towanda. 

Highland,  a  township  of  Chester  co,.  Pa,  Pop.  958. 
It  contains  Gum  Tree  and  Rosenvick. 

Highland,  a  township  of  Clarion  co..  Pa.,  bounded 
S.E.  by  the  Clarion  River.  Pop.  624.  It  contains  Helen 
Furnace. 

Highland,  a  post-village  of  Minnehaha  oo.,  S.D.,  19 
miles  (direct)  N.  by  E.  of  Sioux  Falls. 

Highland,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Tenn. 

Highland,  a  station  of  Salt  Lake  eo.,  Utah,  on  the 
Bingham  Cn?ion  A  Camp  Floyd  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of 
Einghatn  Junction. 

Ilighland,  a  post-office  of  Ritchie  co.,  W.  Va. 

Highland,  a  post-village  of  Iowa  co.,  Wi«.,  in  High- 


niG 


1403 


IllG 


land  township,  about  54  miles  W.  of  Madison.  It  has  4 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  beer,  flour,  furniture,  ploughs, 
Ac.  Pop.  482;  of  the  township,  3024.  Lead-mines  have 
been  opened  here. 

Highland  Centre,  a  post-oflSco  of  Wapello  oo.,  Iowa, 
9  or  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ottumwa. 

Highland  Creek,  Kentucky,  drains  part  of  Ilender- 
Bon  CO.,  runs  N.W.,  and  enters  the  Ohio  River  in  Union  co. 

Highland  Creek,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  On- 
tario, 14  miles  N.E.  of  Toronto.  It  contains  4  stores,  2 
hotels,  and  2  grist-mills.     Pop.  500. 

Highland  Falls,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort 
of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Hudson  River, 
about  47  miles  above  New  York,  2  miles  below  West  Point, 
and  about  2  miles  from  Garrison's  Station.  It  has  4  churches, 
2  newspaper  oflices,  and  manufactures  of  razor-strops,  Ac. 
Pop.  in  1890,  2237. 

Highland  Grove,  a  hamlet  of  Jones  co.,  Iowa,  5  or  6 
miles  S.  of  Anamosa. 

Highland  Home,  a  post-office  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C., 
V  miles  N.  of  Laurens  Court-IIouse. 

Highland  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y., 
13  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Newburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
large  tannery,  a  flour- mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Highland  Park,  an  incorporated  town  of  Lake  co., 
111.,  on  Lake  Michigan,  23  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Chicago. 
It  is  on  a  bluff  100  feet  above  the  lake.  It  has  a  hotel,  6 
churches,  an  academy,  a  ladies'  seminary,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  many  fine  residences.     Pop.  in  1890,  2163. 

Highland  Park,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich., 
ttbout  6  miles  N.  of  Detroit.  It  has  a  church,  a  public 
school,  and  a  shoe-factory. 

Highland  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  hamlet  of  Fillmore  co., 
Minn.,  5  miles  E.  of  Whalan.     It  has  a  church. 

Highlands,  hi'landz  (commonly  pronounced  in  Scot- 
land hee'landz),  a  natural  division  of  Scotland,  compre- 
hending the  country  to  the  N.  and  N.W.,  in  contradistinc- 
tion to  the  Lowlands,  which  occupy  the  S.  and  S.E.  districts. 
The  division  is  formed  by  the  Grampians,  which  extend 
across  the  island  from  Argyleshire  on  tne  Atlantic  to  Aber- 
deenshire or  the  German  Ocean.  The  appellation  of  High- 
lands extends  also  to  the  Hebrides  or  Western  Isles. 

Inhab.  High'landeu. 

Highlands,  or  Nev'ersink  Hills,  in  New  Jersey, 
extend  N.W.  and  S.E.  from  Sandy  Hook  to  Raritan  Bay. 
Mount  Mitchell,  the  highest  elevation,  is  282  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea.  Here  are  the  two  Highland  Lights,  100 
feet  apart,  lat.  40°  23'  N.,  Ion.  73°  59'  W. 

Highlands,  a  station  of  Prince  George's  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Washington  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &,  Ohio  Railroad, 
5  miles  N.E.  of  Washington,  D.C. 

Highlands,  a  summer  resort  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  Neversink  River,  and  on  the  New  Jersey  Southern 
Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Long  Branch,  and  about  25  miles  S. 
of  New  York  City.  It  has  a  church  and  3  large  boarding- 
houses,  and  is  surrounded  by  picturesque  scenery.  Here 
is  Highlands  Post-Officc. 

Highlands,atownshipof  Orange  CO.,  N.Y.  Pop.  2953. 
It  contains  Highland  Falls. 

Highlands,  a  post-village  of  Macon  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Blue  llidge,  30  miles  N.  of  Walhalla,  S.C.  It  has  a  church, 
a  saw-mill,  Ac. 

Highlands  of  the  Hudson,  a  hilly  and  picturesque 
region  of  New  York,  on  both  sides  of  the  Hudson  River. 
The  Highlands  are  mostly  comprised  in  the  cos.  of  Orange, 
Putnam,  and  Dutchess.  The  highest  summit,  named  New 
Beacon,  has  an  altitude  of  1685  feet  above  tide-water. 
Many  lofty  and  precipitous  bluffs  rise  close  to  the  shores 
of  the  river. 

Highland  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co.,  Cal. 

Highlands  Station,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Fla. 

Highlands  Station,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Pe6k8- 
kill. 

Highland  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Doniphan  co., 
Kansas,  on  the  Atchison  &  Nebraska  Railroad,  25  miles  N. 
of  Atchison. 

Highland  Station,  a  post-hamlet  in  Highland  town- 
ship, Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  28  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Flint.  It 
has  a  graded  school  and  a  manufactory  of  sash  and  blinds. 

Highland  Station,  a  village  and  station  of  Galveston 
CO.,  Tex.,  11  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Galveston. 

HighMandtowu,  a  suburb  of  Baltimore  City,  Md. 
It  has  3  churches,  chemical  works,  oil-relineries,  breweries, 
and  pork-packing  estsiblishtiicnts. 

Highlandtown  (Inverness  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of 
Columbiana  co.,  0.,  5  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Salineville. 


Highland  Village,  a  village  in  Colchester  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  Minas  Basin,  21  miles  W.  of  Truro.     Pop.  100. 

High'landville,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVinneshiek  co., 
Iowa,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Decorah.     It  has  a  church. 

Highlandville,  a  post-village  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass., 
in  Needham  township,  on  the  Woonsocket  division  of  the 
New  York  A  New  England  Railroad,  11  miles  AV.S.W.  of 
Boston.  It  has  a  graded  school,  2  churches,  and  5  woollen- 
factories,  which  produce  stockings,  cardigan  jackets,  Ac. 

Highlandville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Christian  co.,  Mo., 
20  miles  S.E.  of  Springfield. 

High  Market,  a  township  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.    P.  IOCS. 

High  Mills,  a  village  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  1  mile  S. 
of  Burnt  Hills.  It  has  2  saw-mills,  a  grist-mill,  and  a 
woollen-mill. 

High  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Schenectady  co.,  N.Y.,  6  miles 
N.E.  of  Schenectady.    It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

High'more,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Hyde  co.,  S.D., 
63  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Huron. 

High  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  AValker  co.,  Ga.,  12 
miles  S.  of  Chattanooga.     It  has  2  churches.   . 

High  Point,  a  post-village  of  Decatur  co.,  Iowa,  in 
High  Point  township,  about  60  miles  S.  of  Des  Moines. 
It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  796. 

High  Point,  Harford  co.,  Md.     See  Fairmount. 

High  Point,  a  post-village  of  Moniteau  co..  Mo.,  10 
miles  S.  of  California.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures 
of  bagging,  ploughs,  and  wagons. 

High  Point,  a  post-village  in  High  Point  township, 
Guilford  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  North  Carolina  Railroad,  34  miles 
N.E.  of  Salisbury.  It  has  6  churches,  2  banks,  a  seminary, 
3  newspaper  offices,  2  cotton-factories,  3  tobacco-factories, 
and  a  shuttle-factory.     Pop.  of  the  township,  3481. 

High  Point,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Tenn.,  11  mile* 
E.N.E.  of  Knoxville. 

High  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grimes  co.,  Tex.,  12 
miles  from  Navasota.     It  has  a  church. 

High  Prairie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Leavenworth  co., 
Kansas,  in  High  Prairie  township,  about  7  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Leavenworth.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1318. 

High  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfield  co.,  Conn.,  8 
miles  N.  of  Stamford.  It  has  a  church  and  manufactures 
of  baskets  and  shirts. 

High  Kidge,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co,,  Mo.,  about 
22  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Louis. 

High  Rock,  a  station  in  York  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Peach 
Bottom  Railroad,  21  miles  S.E.  of  York. 

High  Shoals,  a  post-village  of  Randolph  co.,  Ala.,  28 
miles  N.W.  of  West  Point,  Ga.  It  has  a  church  and  •■ 
woollen -factory. 

High  Shoals,  a  post-village  of  Oconee  co.,  Ga.,  13 
miles  (direct)  S.W.  of  AVatkinsville.  It  has  2  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  cotton  goods.     Pop.  1136. 

High  Shoals,  a  post-ofiice  of  Gaston  co.,  N.C. 

High'spire,  a  post-village  of  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Lower  Swatara  township,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and 
on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Ilarrisburg. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  distillery,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  612, 

High  Switch,  a  station  in  St.  Clair  co..  111.,  on  thft 
St.  Louis,  Belleville  A  Southern  Illinois  Railroad,  2  miles 
N.W.  of  Belleville. 

Hightae,  hi'ti,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Dumfries, 
2i  miles  S.  of  Lochmaben.  Pop.  409.  This  place,  with 
three  small  contiguous  villages,  constitutes  the  Four  'Towns, 
the  land  of  which  has  been  held  by  the  inhabitants  by  mere 
right  of  possession,  since  the  days  of  Bruce.  Some  of  the 
people  are  gypsies. 

Iligh'tOAver,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cleburne  co.,  Ala.,  2ft 
miles  W.  of  Carrollton,  Ga.  Here  is  a  copper-mine,  with  3 
smelting-furnaces. 

High  Tower,  a  post-village  of  Forsyth  co.,  Ga.,  neat 
the  Etowah  River,  about  45  miles  N.N.E.  of  Atlanta.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Hightower  River,  Georgia.     See  Etowah. 

Ilightowers,  post-township,  Caswell  co.,  N.C.    P.  1502. 

IIigh'town,a  post-hamlet  of  Highland  co.,  Va.,  about 
50  miles  N.W.  of  Staunton.     It  has  a  church. 

Ilightstown,  hits'tCwn,  a  post-borough  of  Mercer  co., 
N.J.,  40  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Camden,  and  14  miles  E.  by 
N.  of  Trenton.  It  has  the  Peddle  Institute,  a  seminary  for 
young  ladies,  6  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
shirt-factory,  a  shoe-faetor}',  an  iron-foundry,  and  manu- 
factures of  agricultural  itn))lements.     Pop.  1875. 

High  View,  a  post-office  of  Frederick  co.,  Va. 

High'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  about 
7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Columbia.  It  has  a  church  and  manufae- 
tures  of  bee-hives  and  machinery. 


BIO 


1404 


UIL 


IliKh'water,  •  townahip  of  Cottonwood  oo.,  Minn. 

Poi..  2'JI. 

iligk^vay',  a  station  in  Houghton  oo.,  Mioh.,  on  the 
Sliucnil  Range  Railroad,  4  milea  by  rail  from  Calumet,  and 
8  luilon  from  Ilanoook. 

Iligh'wood)  a  noat  post-riHage  of  Lalco  co.,  III.,  in 
DMfflald  townnhip,  on  Lake  Michigan,  and  on  the  Chicago 
A  Northwestern  Railroad,  24  miloa  N.  by  Vf.  of  Chicago. 
It  has  3  churches. 

Iligh  Woods,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  X.Y.,  in 
aogortics  township,  5  miles  W.  of  Tivoli.    It  has  2  churches. 

Iligh'worthv  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Wilts,  6  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Swindon,  on  an  eminence,  near  the  Vale  of 
M'hite  Ilursc.  It  is  irregularly  built  of  stone,  and  has  an 
ancient  church,  with  two  curious  chapels  attached. 

Iligh  Wycombe,  England.    See  Wycoube. 

Iligo,  a  province  of  Japan.    See  Figo. 

Higucra,  e-g&'ril,  a  village  of  Chili,  province  and  33 
miles  N.E.  of  Cuquimbo  (or  La  Serena).  It  has  silver-  and 
ooppcr-mincs.     Pop.  2322. 

Uigucra  do  Bargas,  e-g&'ril  d4  ban'g&s,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Estremadura,  27  miles  S.  of  Uadajos.    Pop.  2158. 

Iliguera  dc  la  Serena,  e-g4'r&  dd  I&  s&-rd'n&,  a 
town  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  province  and  80  miles  E.  by 
S.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  1472. 

Higuera  Junto  Aracena,  e-g4'r&  noon'to  &-r&-th&'- 
n&,  a  town  of  Spain,  49  miles  N.N.E.  of  Huelva,  in  the 
Sierra  Morena.     Pop.  1880. 

Uigucra-la-Real,  e-giV'r&-l&-r&-&r,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  41  miles  S.S.E.  of  Badajos.  It  has  a  hospital, 
a  Jesuits'  college,  and  a  trade  in  wine.     Pop,  4553. 

Iliguerucia,  e-gi-roo-i'I4,  a  village  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  26  miles  E.  of  Albacete.     Pop.  2414. 

Higuey,  heo'gA',  a  village  of  the  island  of  Ilayti,  re- 
public nnd  78  miles  E.  of  Santo  Domingo,  and  20  miles 
XiT.W.  of  lliguey  Bay. 

Iliguey  Bay,  a  bay  of  the  island  of  Hayti,  protected 
by  the  island  of  Saona,  in  lat.  18°  20'  N.,  Ion.  68°  40'  W. 

Ili'IIo,  a  river  of  Corca.     See  Hee-IIo. 

Ilijar,  or  Hixar,  e-nar',  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  02  miles  N.N.E.  of  Teruel,  on  the  Martin.    Pop.  3133. 

Ilikn,  Manitowoc  co..  Wis.    See  Cextreville. 

Hiklar,  hoe'klar,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  6  miles  N. 
of  Kaisareeyeh. 

Ili'ko,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lincoln  co.,  Nevada,  in 
a  valley  of  the  Qrcat  Basin,  about  110  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ham- 
ilton. It  has  silver-mines,  the  product  of  which  is  the 
chief  article  of  export  of  Lincoln  co. ;  also  a  quartz-mill. 

Iliia,  hee'lil,  a  village  of  Amboyna,  with  a  governor's 
house,  a  Christian  church,  and  a  Mohammedan  temple. 

Hilabec  Creek,  Alabama.    See  Hillabee  Creek. 

Hil'bert,  a  post-village  of  Calumet  co.,  Wis.,  27  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Green  Bay,  and  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Menasha. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  cheese-box  factory, 
and  manufactures  of  wagons  and  sleighs. 

Ililchcubach,  hilK'^n-b&K^  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Westphalia,  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Siegen.     Pop.  1575. 

Hil'da,  or  Thrash'er's  Cor'ners,  a  post-village 
In  Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  river  Moira,  8  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Belleville.     It  has  2  hotels.     Pop.  100. 

Ilildburghausen,  hilfboSno-hSw^z^n,  a  town  of  Ger- 
many, in  Saxe-Mciningen,  on  the  Werra,  17  miles  by  rail 
S.E.  of  Meiningen.  It  has  a  gymnasium,  a  burgher  and  a 
Jews'  school,  orphan,  lunatic,  and  deaf-mute  asylums,  and 
manufactures  of  cloth  and  papier-machl.  It  was  formerly 
the  capital  of  the  duchy  of  Saxe-IIildburghausen.    P.  5148. 

IliI'dcn,  a  town  of  Prussia,  government  and  6  miles 
S.E.  of  Dusseldorf.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth 
and  linens.     Pop.  6789. 

Ililders,  hil'd^rs,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Ulster,  57 
miles  N.N.E.  of  WUrzburg,     Pop.  1057. 

Uildesheim,  hird^s-hime\  a  town  of  Hanover,  at  a 
railway  junction,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Hanover.  Pop.  22,581, 
of  whom  one-third  are  Roman  Catholics.  It  is  a  large,  old- 
fashioned  town,  enclosed  by  ramparts,  now  used  as  public 
walks,  and  has  a  cathedral  of  the  ninth  century,  3churphes, 
a  consistory  and  a  college  belonging  to  the  Roman  Catho- 
lics, a  Protestant  college,  deaf-mute  and  lunatic  asylums, 
'public  schools,  a  council  hall,  and  a  trade  in  coarse  linen 
cloths  and  yarn  and  in  cattle.     It  is  a  Catholic  bishop's  see. 

Hil'drcthsburg,  a  post-office  of  Lyon  co.,  Minn. 

Ililfratii,  hirfrdt,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  20 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Aix-la-Chapelle.     Pop.  990. 

Hilgcrsdorf,  hil'ghfrs-donr,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  on 
the  Hochwald,  near  the  frontiers  of  Saxony.     Pop.  1577. 

Tlil'ham,  a  post- village  of  Overton  co.,  Tenn.,  about  85 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Nashville.     It  has  2  churches. 


Hill,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
area  of  about  1000  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
S.W.  by  the  Brazos  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Rich- 
land Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating,  and  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cattle, 
cotton,  Indian  corn,  nnd  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  several  railways,  which  meet  ut 
Hillsborough,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  7453;  in  1880, 
16,554;  in  1890,  27,583. 

Ilill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Effingham  co.,  HI.,  6  miles  E. of 
Mason  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

liill,  a  post-village  of  Merrimack  co.,  N.II.,  in  Hill 
township,  on  the  Merrimac  River,  and  on  the  Bristol  Branch 
of  the  Northern  Railroad,  27  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Concord. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  cabinet  organs, 
glazing-tools,  meloileons,  <feo.     Pop.  of  the  township,  620, 

Hill,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.C.    Pop,  447. 

Hill,  Mercer  co..  Pa.    See  Chakleston. 

Hillabee,  Clay  co.,  Ala.    See  Millervillr. 

Hill'abee  (or  Hil'abce)  Creek,  Alabama,  rises  in 
Clay  CO.,  runs  southward,  and  enters  the  Tallapoosa  River 
in  'iallapoosa  co. 

Hillah,  or  Hilla,  hiri&,  written  also  Hellah,  bel'- 
li,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  60  miles  S.  of  Bagdad,  th« 
modern  representative  of  Babylon,  and  near  the  centre  of 
its  ruins,  on  both  sides  of  the  Euphrates,  here  crossed  by  a 
floating  bridge.  Lat.  32°  28'  30"  N. ;  Ion.  44°  28'  E.  Pop. 
about  10,000.  It  is  enclosed  by  earth  ramparts  and  a  ditcn, 
is  entered  by  4  gates,  and  has  a  citadel,  a  mosque,  several 
convents,  some  pretty  well  supplied  bazaars,  and  manufac- 
tures of  silks.  The  town  has  dye-houses  and  tanneries, 
but  its  population  is  chiefly  agricultural. 

Hillaya,  hil-li'&,  or  Uiliiya,  hil-lee'&,  a  small  town 
of  Sinde,  39  miles  S.  of  Hyderabad. 

Hill  Church,  a  post-hamlot  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  about 
16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Reading. 

Ilill  City,  a  post-village  of  Graham  co.,  Kansas,  33 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Hoxie.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  3 
newspaper  offices,  and  a  plough-factory.     Pop.  5-15. 

Hill  City,  a  post-village  and  mining  cenire  of  Penning- 
ton CO.,  S.U.,  in  the  Black  Hills,  46  miles  by  rail  S.  of 
Deadwood.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices, 
lumber-  and  saw-mills,  general  stores  and  business  houses, 
and  mines  of  tin.     Pop.  479. 

Hille,  hil'l^h,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  3 
miles  N.W.  of  JVIinden.     Pop.  3030. 

Hille,  hil'li,  a  village  of  Sweden,  Iron  and  4  miles  N.E. 
of  Gefle. 

Hil'legass,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  oo.,  Pa., 
near  the  Perkiomen  Railroad,  20  miles  S.  of  Allentown. 

Hillcgersberg,  hiri?h-Gh?rs-bSRG\  a  village  of  the 
Netherlands,  in  South  Holland,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Haarlem. 
Pop.  2606. 

Ilillegom,  hil'l^h-Hom^  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
25  miles  N.  of  Rotterdam.     Pop.  2486. 

Hillcrod,  Denmark.    See  Frejjeuicksbero. 

Hillersdorf,  hil'l^rs-donr,  Nieder,  neo'd?r,  and  Oder, 
o'b§r,  a  village  of  Austrian  Silesia,  circle  of  Troppau,  on 
the  Oppa.     Pop.  1896. 

Hill  Gove,  a  post-office  of  Gove  co.,  Kansas,  at  Buffalo 
Station  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  68  miles  E.of  Wallace. 

Hill  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Meade  co.,  Ky. 

Hill  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Darke  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Dayton  <t  Union  Railroad,  3  miles  E.  of  Union  City,  Ind., 
and  44  miles  N.W.  of  Dayton.  It  has  3  churches.  Pop. 
about  200. 

Hill  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va., 
about  24  miles  S.  of  Lynchburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
carriage-shop,  and  3  stores. 

Hill'ham,  a  post-office  of  Dubois  co.,  Ind.,  44  miles  N. 
of  Cannelton. 

Hiirhcad',  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Lanark,  is  one 
of  the  finest  suburbs  of  Glasgow.  It  lies  W.  of  that  city 
and  N.  of  Partick.     Pop.  3718. 

Hill'house,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co.,  0. 

Hill'hurst,  a  post-office  of  Pierce  co.,  Washington,  on 
the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  14  miles  S.  of  New  Tacoma. 
Here  is  a  Granger  hall. 

Hillian's  (hil'yanz)  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall 
CO.,  Ala.,  about  40  miles  S.E.  of  Huntsvillc.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  masonic  hall,  and  a  high  school. 

Hilliard,  hll'yard,  a  station  in  Ware  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Brunswick  &  Albany  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Waresborough. 

Hilliard,  or  Hilliards,  a  post-village  in  Norwich 
township,  Franklin  co.,  0.,  on  the  Columbus,  Chicago  i 
Indiana  Central  Railroad,  10  miles  N.AV.  of  Columbus.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  creamery.     Pop.  about  400. 


HIL 


1405 


HIL 


Billiard,  a  post-village  of  Uintah  co.,  Wyoming,  on 
the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Evanston. 
Elevation,  7310  feet.  It  has  a  hotel,  3  saloons,  and  manu- 
factures of  lumber  and  charcoal.  The  Hilliard  Flume  &, 
Lumber  Company  have  here  a  flume  28  miles  long. 

Ililliard's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Hopkins  township,  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern 
Railroad,  22  miles  S.  of  Grand  Rapids.     It  has  a  saw -mill. 

Hilliard's,apost-hamletof  Butler  CO.,  Pa.,  and  a  station 
on  the  Shenango  &  Alleghany  Railroad,  46  miles  S.E.  of 
Greenville.     It  has  a  church  and  2  hotels. 

Hilliardston,  hil'yards-t^n,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nash  co., 
N.C.,  1 1  miles  W.  of  Battleborough.     Gold  is  found  here. 

Ililliardsvillej  hil'yardz-vil,  a  post-oflice  of  Henry  co., 
Ala. 

Hillier,  hll'y^r,  or  Pieas'ant  Val'iey,  a  post-village 
in  Prince  Edward  co.,  Ontario,  18  miles  S.  of  Belleville.  It 
contains  a  carding-mill  and  2  stores.     Pop.  130. 

Ililiion,  heery6No',  a  village  of  France,  in  Cfltes-du- 
Nord,  4  miles  B.  of  Saint-Etienne.     Pop.  346. 

Ilillis,  the  ancient  name  of  Sabioncello. 

Ilil'Iisburg,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Johnson  township,  on  the  Lafayette  A  Muncie  Railroad,  11 
miles  E.  of  Frankfort.  It  has  a  church,  a  carriage-shop,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  plough-factory. 

Hilliya,  a  town  of  India.     See  IIillaya. 

Hill  River,  of  British  America.     See  Hayes  River. 

Hill's,  a  station  in  Prince  George's  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Pope's  Creek  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Potomac  Railroad, 
11  lailes  S.  of  Bowie  Junction. 

Hills,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  0. 

Hill's,  a  station  in  Washington  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Chartiers 
Railroad,  17  miles  S.AV.  of  Pittsburg. 

Hillsborough,  hilz'bilr-ruh,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Down,  3  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Lisburn.  It  has  a  fine  church, 
ruins  of  a  castle,  the  seat  of  the  Marquis  of  Downshire, 
and  a  hospital.     Pop.  885. 

Hillsborough,  hilz'biir-riih,  a  county  of  Florida,  is  in 
the  W.  part  of  the  peninsula,  and  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  Tampa  Bay.  The  latter  extends 
inward  to  the  middle  of  the  county,  and  is  about  35  miles 
long.  The  surface  is  low  and  nearly  level :  the  soil  produces 
cotton,  sugar-cane,  and  Indian  corn.  It  is  rich  in  phos- 
phates. Area,  1280  square  miles.  Capital,  Tampa.  Pop. 
in  1870,  3216;  in  1880,  58L4;  in  1890,  14,941. 

Hillsborough,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  New  Hamp- 
shire, bordering  on  Massachusetts,  has  an  area  of  about  8J4 
square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Merrimac  River, 
and  also  drained  by  the  Contoocook,  Souhegan,  and  Piscat- 
aquog  Rivers,  which  afford  abundant  motive-power.  The 
surface  is  hilly  or  uneven,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  beech,  elm,  ash,  oak,  sugar-maple,  <fec. ;  the  soil 
is  partly  fertile.  Hay,  butter,  Indian  corn,  and  potatoes 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  quarries  of  fine 
granite,  and  important  manufactures  of  cotton  goods  and 
many  other  articles.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Concord  <fc 
Montreal  Railroad  and  the  Boston  A  Maine  Railroad,  both 
of  which  communicate  with  Manchester  and  Nashua,  the 
capitals.  Another  railroad  connects  Manchester,  the  chief 
city  of  this  county,  with  Lawrence.  Pop.  in  1870,  64,238; 
in  1880,  75,634;  in  1890,  93,247. 

Hillsborough,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  Memphis  &,  Charleston  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  of  De- 
catur.    It  has  5  churches  and  an  academy. 

Hillsborough,  a  post-village  of  Union  co..  Ark.,  about 
44  miles  S.S.E.  of  Camden.  It  has  a  cotton-gin,  a  saw- 
mill, and  general  stores. 

Hillsborough,  a  post-village  of  Weld  co.,  Col.,  about 

10  miles  (direct)  S.W.  of  Greeley,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
*     Hillsborough,  a  post-village  of  Jasper  co.,  Ga.,  9 

miles  S.W.  of  Monticello,  and  about  26  miles  N.  of  Macon. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  steam  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Hillsborough,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  111.,  in  Hillsborough  township,  on  the  Indianapolis  & 
St.  Louis   Railroad,  67   miles  N.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and 

11  miles  E.  of  Litchfield.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  an 
academy,  2  flour-mills,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  manufactory 
of  furniture.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 
Pop.  about  2000. 

Hillsborough,  a  village  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.,  in  Sugar 
Creek  township,  about  36  miles  N.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has 
i  churches,  a  broom-factory,  and  a  churn-factory.  Here  is 
Pickard's  Mill  Post-Office. 

Hillsborough,  a  post-village  of  Fountain  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Cain  township,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  <fc  Western 
Railroad,  27  miles  E.  of  Danville,  111.  It  has  1  or  2  bank- 
ing-houses, 4  churches,  2  grist-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  about  300. 


Hillsborough,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Salem  township,  about  35  mile.s  W.  of  Burlington.     It  has 

3  churches  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  300. 
Hillsborough,  a  post-villnge  of  Marion  co.,  Kansas, 

about  10  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Marion.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  bank,  3  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of  butter 
and  cheese.     Pop.  555. 

Hill>borough,  a  post-village  of  Fleming  co.,  Ky.,  50 
miles  (direct)  E.N.E.  of  Lexington,  and  about  24  miles  S. 
by  E.  of  Maysville.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  212. 

Hillsborough,  a  post-village  of  Caroline  co.,  Md.,  on 
Tuckahoe  Creek,  and  on  the  Maryland  A  Delaware  Railroad, 
12  miles  N.E.  of  Easton.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded 
school,  6  stores,  and  3  warehouses  for  grain.     Pop.  174. 

Hillsborough,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co..  Miss.,  8 
miles  N.  of  Forest.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hillsborough,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jefferson  co., 
Mo.,  in  Central  township,  4  miles  N.N.W.  of  Victoria  Sta-. 
tion,  about  38  miles  S.S.W.  of  St.  Louis,  and  10  miles  AV,  of 
the  Mississippi  River.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  church, 
and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  264. 

Hillsborough,  a  post-village  of  Hillsborough  co., 
N.H.,  2i  miles  from  Hillsborough  Bridge  Station,  and 
about  25  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Concord.  It  has  several 
churches.  Ilillsborougli  township  contains  Hillsborough 
Bridge  village,  and  has  a  national  bank,  and  manufactures 
of  hosiery,  woollen  goods,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2120. 

Hillsborough,  a  post-township  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J., 
is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Raritan  River,  and  intersected 
by  the  Delaware  A  Bound  Brook  Railroad.     Pop.  3443. 

Hillsborough,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Sierra  co., 
New  Mexico,  18  miles  N.  of  Lake  Valley.  It  has  a  church 
organization,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  621. 

Hillsborough,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Orange  co., 
N.C.,  in  Hillsborough  township,  on  the  Eno  River,  40  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Raleigh.  It  contains  a  court-house,  the 
Hillsborough  Military  Academy,  7  churches,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  in  1890,  662;  of  the  township,  4160. 

Hillsborough,  a  post-village  of  Traill  co.,  N.D.,  40 
miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Fargo.    It  has  6  churches,  3  banks, 

4  newspaper  offices,  flour-mills,  iron- works,  and  brick-yards. 
Pop.  715. 

Hillsborough,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Highland  co., 
0.,  in  Liberty  township,  about  40  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chilli- 
cothe.  It  is  the  E.  terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  Marietta  A 
Cincinnati  Railroad,  62  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Cincinnati.  It 
contains  the  Hillsborough  Female  College,  a  court-house, 
7  churches,  3  banks,  a  union  school,  beiit-wood-works,  a 
chair-factory,  2  flouring-mills,  and  manufactures  of  fur- 
niture, woollen  goods,  farm-bells,  clothing,  sash,  blinds,  Ac. 
Two  newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop.  in  1890,  3620. 
A  narrow-gauge  railroad  extends  from  this  place  south- 
ward to  Sardinia,  17  miles. 

Hillsborough,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Washington 
CO.,  Oregon,  on  the  Tualatin  River,  21  miles  by  rail  W.  by 
S.  of  Portland,  and  40  miles  N.  of  Salem.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  blink,  2  newspaper  offices,  flour-mills,  saw-mills,  Ac. 

Hillsborough,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co..  Pa.,  14 
miles  S.  of  Johnstown.  It  has  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and 
a  wagon-shop. 

Hillsborough  (Scenery  Hill  Post-Office),  a  village  of 
Washington  co..  Pa.,  about  30  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg. 

Hillsborough,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coffee  co.,  Tenn.,  8 
miles  S.E.  of  Manchester.     It  has  a  church. 

Hillsborough,  a  village  of  Williamson  co.,  Tenn.,  22i 
miles  S.  of  Nashville.  It  has  1  or  2  churches,  a  plough- 
factory,  2  stores,  and  a  sulphur  spring. 

Hillsborough,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hill  co.,  Tex., 
66  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Dallas,  and  65  miles  by  rail  S. 
by  E.  of  Fort  Worth.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  manufac- 
tures of  lumber,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  2541. 

Hillsborough,  a  hamlet  of  Albemarle  co.,  Va.,  4J 
miles  from  Mechum's  River  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Hillsborough,  a  post-village  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va..  near 
the  base  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  about  46  miles  N.W.  of  Wash- 
ington, D.C.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a 
woollen-factory.     Pop.  about  300. 

Hillsborough  (Academy  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of 
Pocahontas  co.,  W.  Va.,  33  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ronceverto. 
It  has  2  churches  and  about  15  houses. 

Hillsborough,  a  post-village  of  Vernon  co..  Wis., 
about  68  miles  N.W.  of  Madison.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  hardware-factory,  Ao. 

Hillsborough,  Nova  Scotia.     See  Six-Mile  Road. 

Hills'borough,  a  seaport  town  of  New  Brunswick,  co,- 
of  Albert,  on  the  Petitcodiac  River,  and  on  the  Albert  Rail, 
way,  22  miles  S.E,  of  Salisbury.     It  contains  a  hotel,  ser*- 


HIL 


1406 


mi. 


•r»l  stores,  oburohw.  and  sobools,  and  a  plosUr-miU.    Val- 
uable coal-mioM  aad  gypsum-quarries  arc  worked  in  the 
Tlcinity.     It  is  a  port  of  entry.     Pop.  900. 
UilliiburuuKn,  tbo  principal  town  of  tbe  island  of 

Carriaoou,  \\'c.-<l  liiilioj<. 

Ilillsborough  Uridje, a  post- village  in  Hillsborough 
township,  Hillsborough  co.,  N.H.,on  the  Contoocook  River, 
«nd  on  the  Conoonl  A  Cliirumont  Uailroiul,  27  uiilcs  \V.  by  S. 
o(  Conoord.  It  has  a  now!<paper  oflioe,  a  bank,  a  money- 
order  post-office,  2  churches,  an  aciulcniy,  a  Uour-tuill,  and 
manuuctures  of  stockings,  shirts,  drawers,  bedsteads,  knit- 
tliur-maohines,  Ac. 

Uillsborougli  Centre^  a  post-office  of  Hillsborough 
CO..  N.H. 

Hillsborough  River,  in  Hillsborough  co.,  Fla.,  a 
■trcam  which  eiiturs  IIilI:<borough  Bay  (an  arm  of  Tampa 
Bay)  at  the  town  of  Tampa. 

llillsboruugh  River,  a  salt-water  tidal  lagoon  in 
Volusia  CO.,  Flu.,  extending  S.S.K.  30  miles  from  Moacjuito 
Inlet.  Its  northward  continuation  is  called  Halifax  River, 
and  the  whole  is  often  called  Mosquito  River. 

Hillsborough  Upper  Village,  a  post-hamlet  of 
HilUborough  co.,  N.H.,  aboi^t  26  miles  W.  of  Concord.  It 
has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  90. 

Hill's  Branch,  a  post-hamlct  of  Cayuga  co.,  X.Y., 
near  the  Cayuga  Railroad.  Hill's  Branch  Station  is  about 
3  miles  S.  of  Cayuga.     It  has  plaster-mills. 

Ilillsburg,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Bkar  River. 

Uills'burg,  a  post-village  in  Wellington  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  river  Credit,  and  on  the  Credit  Valley  Railroad,  20 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Fergus.  It  contains  2  grist-mills,  a 
woollen-factory,  a  foundry,  a  tannery,  4  churches,  4  stores, 
and  3  hotels.     Pop.  400, 

Hill's  Corners,  or  Wee'saw,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ber- 
rien CO.,  Mich.,  in  AVeosaw  township,  5  miles  N.  of  Qalien. 
It  has  a  church.  " 

Hill's  Corners,  Columbia  co..  Wis.     See  IIartman. 

Hills'dale,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Michigan,  bor- 
dering on  Ohio,  has  an  area  of  about  5S0  square  miles.  It 
is  drained  by  the  Kalamazoo  River,  the  St.  Joseph's  River 
(of  the  Maumee),  and  the  St.  Joseph's  (of  Lake  Michigan), 
all  of  which  rise  in  this  county.  The  surface  is  diversified 
with  hills,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests,  in  which 
the  sugar-maple,  oak,  and  other  trees  abound.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  oats,  butter,  wool,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  Devonian  sandstone  of  good 
quality  underlies  a  part  of  this  county.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad  and  the 
Cincinnati,  Jackson  &.  Mackinaw  Railroad,  two  branches  of 
the  former  passing  through  Hillsdale,  the  capital  of  the 
county.  Pop.  in  1870,  31,684  j  in  1880,32,723;  in  1890, 
30,660. 

Hillsdale,  a  post- village  of  Rock  Island  co.,  111.,  on  or 
near  Rock  River,  and  on  the  Rockfurd,  Rock  Island  &  St. 
Louis  Railroad,  24  miles  £.N.£.  of  Davenport,  Iowa.  It 
has  a  church. 

Hillsdale,  a  post-village  of  Vermilion  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Ilelt  township,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Wabash  River,  and 
on  the  Evansville,  Terre  Haute  &  Chicago  Railroad,  at  its 
junction  with  the  Indiana  A  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  23 
miles  N.  of  Torre  llaute,  and  1  mile  W.  of  Montezuma.  It 
has  a  manufactory  of  fire-brick. 

Hillsdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mills  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Burlington  <t  Missouri  River  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Glen- 
wooil.     Pop.  86. 

Hillsdale,  a  post-village  in  Marysville  township, 
Miami  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Missouri  River,  Fort  Scott  A 
Gulf  R.T.ilroad,  36  miles  S.S.W.  of  Kansas  City,  and  7  miles 
K.  of  Paola.     It  has  a  church. 

Hillsdale,  a  city,  capital  of  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.,  is  in 
a  township  of  the  same  name,  near  the  heiid  of  the  St.  Joseph 
Biver,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  .Michigan  Southern  Railroad, 
33  miles  W.  of  Adrian,  167  miles  from  Chicago,  22  miles  E. 
•f  Coldwatcr,  and  90  miles  W.S.W.  of  Detroit.  It  contains 
a  court-house,  8  churches,  1  national  bank,  2  savings-banks, 
a  high  school,  3  hotels,  2  foundries,  a  planing-mjll,  2  flour- 
mills,  a  chair-factory,  and  printing-uftices  which  issue  3 
weekly  newspapers.  Here  is  Hillsdale  College  (Free  Bap- 
tist), which  was  organized  in  1855  and  has"about450  students. 
Pop.  in  1880,  3441 ;  in  1890,  3915;  of  the  township,  addi- 
tional. 455. 

Hillsdale,  a  township  of  Winona  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  549. 

Hillsdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nemaha  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  12  miles  below  Brownville,  and  about  75 
xniles  S.E.  of  Lincoln. 

Hillsdale,  a  post-office  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  New 
Jersey  i,  New  York  Railroad,  22  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City. 


Hillsdale,  a  poet-village  of  Columbia  oo.,  N.Y.,  in 
Hillsdale  township,  on  the  New  York  <t  Harlem  Railroad, 
110  milos  N.  by  E.  of  New  York,  and  about  16  miles  E.  by 
6.  of  Ilu<lson.  It  has  2  churohus,  a  public  school,  a  nuws- 
naper  office,  a  furnace,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  carriagu-nhop. 
\'v\>.  about  :S00 ;  of  tbe  township,  1551. 

Hillsdale,  a  pogt-hauilet  of  Guilford  CO.,  N.C.,  10  milua 
N.  of  Greensborough,     It  bus  a  church  and  an  acailemy, 

Hillsdale,  a  station  in  Dauphin  oo..  Pa.,  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  main  line,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Harrisburg, 

Hillsdale,  a  post-village  of  Indiana  co.,  Piu,  20  milos 
N.E.  of  Indiana.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hillsdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Macon  co.,  Tonn.,  17  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Gallatin. 

Hillsdale,  a  post-hamlct  of  Iron  co.,  Utah,  on  Sevier 
River,  40  miles  S.E.  of  Beaver.     It  has  a  church. 

Hillsdale,  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  W.  Va.,  4  miles 
N.K.  (if  Union.     It  has  a  church. 

Hillsdale,  a  station  in  Laramie  co.,  Wyoming,  on  tbe 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  20  miles  E.  by  N,  of  Cheyenne. 

Hills'dale,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  New  Brunswick, 
30  miles  from  St.  John.     Pop.  200. 

Hill's  Fac'tory,  a  post-office  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C., 
17  miles  S.  of  Spartanburg. 

Hill's  Fer'ry,  a  post-village  of  Stanislaus  oo.,  Cal.,  on 
the  San  Joaquin  River,  13  milos  S.W.  of  Turlock,  It  has 
a  seminary,  a  foundry,  a  banking-house,  and  4  churcber. 

Hill's  Ferry,  North  Carolina.    See  Palmyua. 

Hill's  Ferry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  Tex.,  on  Red 
River. 

Hill's  Fork,  a  post-hamlct  of  Adams  co.,  0.,  about  00 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Cincinnati.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hill's  Grove,  a  post-office  of  McDonough  oo..  111.,  on 
the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  2  miles  S.W. 
of  Tennessee. 

Uills'grove,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co..  Pa.,  ou 
Loyalsock  Creek,  about  24  miles  N.E.  of  Williamsport.  It 
has  a  church,  2  large  tanneries,  and  several  mills. 

Hill's  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  R.I.,  on  the 
Stonington  ifc  Providence  Railroad,  11  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Providence.     It  has  a  manufactory  of  malleable  iron. 

Hill'side,  a  post-office  of  Tishcmingo  co..  Miss. 

Hillside,  a  sUition  in  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Central 
Railroad  of  Long  Island,  8  miles  E.  of  Hunter's  Point. 

Hillside,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Northeast  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  12  milos  N.  of  Phila- 
delphia. 

Hillside,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  ou 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  49  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Pittsburg. 
It  has  a  church. 

Hills  Land'ing,  a  hamlet  of  Prince  George's  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Patuxcnt  River,  2i  miles  from  Upper  Marlborough. 
It  has  a  steam  mill  and  about  12  dwellings.  Steamers 
ascend  the  river  to  this  place  once  a  week. 

Hill's  mills,  a  station  in  Barbour  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Vicksburg  &  Brunswick  Railroad,  17  miles  W.  of  Eufaula. 

Hill's  Point,  a  post-office  of  Dorchester  co.,  Md. 

Hills  Prairie,  pra'rec,  a  post-office  of  Bastrop  co.,  Tex. 

Hill  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  Kansas,  8 
miles  S.S.W,  of  Council  Grove.     It  has  a  church. 

Hill  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Henry  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville  it  Lexington  Railroad,  23  miles  N.W,  of  Frank- 
fort. 

Hill's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clermont  co  ,  0.,  in 
Goshen  township,  near  the  Marietta  <t  Cincinnati  Railroad, 
about  30  miles  N.E.  of  Cincinnati.     It  has  a  church. 

Hill's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C. 

Hill's  View,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa., 
4  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ligonier.     It  has  an  iron-furnace. 

Hills'ville,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co..  Pa.,  about* 
9  mile.-*  W.  of  New  Castle.     It  has  2  churches. 

HilUville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Carroll  co.,  Va., 
75  miles  E.  of  Abingdon,  and  60  miles  S.W.  of  Salem.  It  has 
2  churches,  an  academy,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  an  iron- 
foundry,  an  oil-mill,  and  a  carding-machine  factory. 

Hill  Tip'erah  (Tip'perah,  or  Trip'ura), a  native 
state  of  Bengal,  bounded  N.  by  Assam  and  E.  by  wild  jungle- 
regions,  partly  outside  of  British  control.  On  the  S.AV.  lies 
the  British  district  of  Tiperah.  It  is  governed  by  a  rnjnh, 
who  has  absolute  power  but  is  assisted  by  a  British  political 
agent.  Area,  3867  square  miles.  It  is  largely  a  dense 
forest,  inhabited  by  hill-tribes.  Capital,  Agartala,  a  small 
town,  30  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Comillah.     Pop.  74,242. 

Hill'ton,  a  post-office  of  Sharp  co..  Ark. 

Hill  Top,  a  post-office  of  Charles  co.,  Md. 

Hill 'top,  a  station  in  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  on  the  North 
Pennsylvania  Railrojid,  12  miles  S.  of  Bethlehem. 


niL 


1407 


IIIN 


Ilill'town,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Bucks  oo., 
Pii.,  30  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia,  and  3  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Chalfont  Station.   The  township  has  5  churches.    Pop.  2869. 

Hill  Val'Iey,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huntingdon  oo.,  Pa.,  4 
miles  W.  of  Shirleysburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Hill  View,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Cald- 
well township,  on  the  W.  shore  of  Lake  George,  4  miles 
from  Caldwell.     It  has  a  church  and  a  large  hotel. 

Ilillville,  Pa.    See  Lower  and  Uppeu  IIillville. 

Hilo,  hee'lo,  a  town  of  Hawaii,  on  Byron  (Hilo  or 
Waiakea)  Bay,  an  inlet  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  island  of 
Hawaii.  It  is  the  second  town  in  the  kingdom,  and  a  place 
of  great  beauty.  Its  harbor  is  spacious  and  generally  se- 
cure.    Pop.  4220. 

Hilongos,  ho-lon'goce,  a  town  of  the  Philippines,  on 
the  W.  side  of  the  island  of  Leyte,  with  Point  Hilongos 
N.W.,  in  lat.  10"  24'  N.,  Ion.  124°  35'  E. 

Hilpoltstein,  hil'polt-stlnc^  a  town  of  Bavaria,  19 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Nuremberg.     Pop.  1511. 

Hil'sa,  a  town  of  India,  district  and  35  miles  S.E.  of 
Patna.     Pop.  302(5.     It  has  a  trade  in  grain  and  oil-seeds. 

Hilsbach,  hils'biic,  a  town  of  Baden,  17  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Heidelberg.     Pop.  1232. 

Hilsenheim,  hil's§n-hime^  (Fr.  pron.  heePsdn^Sm'),  a 
Tillage  of  Germany,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Schlettstadt.    Pop.  2035. 

Hil'ton,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Tazewell 
CO.,  111.,  in  Fond  du  Lac  township,  near  Peoria  Lake,  and 
on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw  Railroad,  2  miles  E.  of 
Peoria.  It  has  a  church,  an  artesian  well  of  sulphur 
water,  and  a  hotel.     Pop.  200. 

Hilton,  a  township  of  Iowa  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  749. 

Hilton,  a  post-office  of  Nodaway  co.,  Mo. 

Hil'ton,a  post-village  in  Northumberland  co.,  Ontario, 
8  miles  N.  of  Brighton.     Pop.  120. 

Hil'ton  Head,  a  post-township  of  Beaufort  co.,  S.C., 
on  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  It  comprises  Hilton  Head  Island 
and  several  small  islands  on  the  S.  side  of  Port  Royal  en- 
trance, about  17  miles  S.  of  Beaufort.  Cotton,  rice,  corn, 
peanuts,  and  sweet  potatoes  are  its  staple  products.  Pop. 
of  township,  3073,  mostly  colored. 

Hil'ton's,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn. 

Hilvarenbeek,  hil'va-ren-b.^k\  a  village  of  Nether- 
lands, in  North  Brabant,  17  miles  E.S.E.  of  Breda.    P.  2302. 

Hilversum,  hil'v?r-sum\  a  market-town  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, 15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Amsterdam.  Pop.  7805.  It 
has  manufactures  of  cotton  and  woollen  goods. 

Hilzingen,  hilt'sing-^n,  a  village  of  Baden,  in  Lake 
circle,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Schaffhausen.     Pop.  1323. 

Himalaya  (him-i'la-ya  or  him-a-la'ya)  or  Himma> 
Ich  (him-mi'la)  Mountains,  or  The  Himalayas, 
him-i'la-yaz  (the  "  abode  of  snow;"  anc.  Iniaiia),  a  chain  of 
snowy  mountains,  the  most  elevated  on  the  globe,  extend- 
ing in  an  irregular  curve,  with  a  general  direction  W.N.W. 
and  E.S.E.  of  more  than  22°  of  longitude,  nearly  1500  miles, 
breadth  100  to  160  miles,  along  the  N.  boundary  of  India, 
separating  it  from  Thibet,  and  traversing  the  state  of  Cash- 
mere, being  the  southeasternmost  of  the  mountain-ranges 
which  radiate  from  the  Pameer  plateau.  They  are  situated 
between  lat.  27°  and  35°  N.,  Ion.  73°  23'  and  9°  40'  E.,  and 
extend  from  the  river  Indus  on  the  W.  to  the  great  bend  of 
the  river  Brahmapootra  on  the  E.  The  Himalayas  are  not  a 
single  mountain-chain,  but  a  range  of  rugged  snowy  peaks, 
depending  from  the  high  table-land  of  Thibet,  and  separated 
by  deep  gorges,  the  outlets  of  rapid  streams,  generated  by 
the  melted  snow  and  ice  of  the  interior,  branching  out,  in 
Cashmere,  into  three  parallel  chains.  The  mountains  rise 
on  the  S.  from  the  plain  of  the  Ganges  in  a  w.all-like  range 
from  4000  to  5000  feet  high,  broken  up  at  intervals  by  deep 
precipitous  chasms,  through  which  the  springs  and  rivers 
flow  down  with  great  impetuosity.  Between  these  and  the 
higher  ranges  lie  the  fertile  and  well-cultivated  valleys  of 
Nepaul  and  Bootan.  The  mean  elevation  of  the  range  has 
been  estimated  at  from  16,000  to  18,000  feet,  but  45  of  its 

Ecaks  are  known  to  exceed  23,000  feet.  Several  reach  a 
eight  of  25,000  feet.  Mount  Everest,  or  Gaurisankar,  is 
29,002  feet,  Kunchinjunga  28,156,  Dhawalaghiri  28,000, 
Morshiadi  26,522,  Jibjibia  26,305,  Nanda  Devi  25,661,  and 
Shuraahiri  27,200  feet  above  the  sea.  The  high  table-land 
of  Thibet,  forming  the  N.  portion  of  the  range,  has  a  more 
gradual  and  extensive  slope  than  the  steep  and  abrupt 
mountain-declivities  of  the  S.  There  are  several  passes  in 
the  Himalayas,  all  at  a  great  elevation,  the  highest  being 
the  Ibi-Gamin  Pass,  20,459  feet,  and  the  Mana-Ghat,  18,570 
feet,  between  Gnari-Khorsum  and  Gurhwal ;  the  Parang 
La,  in  Spiti,  19,132  feet ;  and  the  Chang  La,  18,368  feet,  and 
Takalung  La,  17,500  feet,  in  Ladakhj  in  the  more  east- 
erly part  of  the  range  they  decrease  in  altitude,  except 


the  Dunkia  Pass,  18,460  feet,  between  Darjeeling  ancj 
Shigatze.  The  difficulty  of  these  ascents,  as  also  of  nearly 
all  those  of  less  elevation,  is  extreme.  The  base  and  sum- 
mits and  probably  the  great  mass  of  this  range  consist  of 
granite  and  crystalline  stratified  rocks.  A  zone  of  Silurian 
strata  prevails  at  elevations  of  15,000  to  18,000  feet,  and 
tertiary  strata,  some  of  very  modern  date,  with  many  or- 
ganic remains,  occur  at  various  elevations  along  the  ridge. 
The  lower  limit  of  the  snow-line  is  on  the  S.  side  16,200 
feet,  while  on  the  N.  it  is  17,400  feet.  Vegetation  alsa 
extends  much  higher  on  the  N.  than  on  the  S.  side.  Thia 
arises  from  the  serenity  and  dryness  of  the  air  and  the 
radiated  heat  from  the  extensive  sloping  table-land  towards 
the  N.,  while  on  the  S.  there  are  more  frequent  gales  and 
moisture,  and  an  abrupt  precipitous  termination  of  the 
mountains.  Some  of  the  peaks  in  the  interior  are  free  of 
snow,  and  the  contrast  of  these  with  the  other  snow-covered 
summits,  and  with  the  deep  azure  of  the  sky,  renders  the- 
scenery  splendid.  Magnificent  glaciers  are  found  in  every 
part  of  the  Himalayas  and  West  Thibet  wherever  there  i» 
perennial  snow.  Some  of  these,  in  the  W.  part  of  the 
range,  are  10  to  11  miles  long  and  li  miles  broad.  The 
highest  known  are  those  of  Deotal,  in  Gurhwal,  17,945  feet, 
and  Namtso,  in  Lahool,  15,570  feet  above  the  sea.  The 
base  of  the  mountains  to  the  S.  is  covered  with  a  dense 
jungle,  separating  them  from  the  plains  of  India.  This 
belt  diminishes  to  the  W.  and  N.  of  the  Jumna.  Cultiva- 
tion is  carried  to  the  foot  of  the  mountains.  At  the  base,, 
vegetation  is  of  a  tropical  character ;  at  an  elevation  of  5000 
feet  European  plants  succeed.  Here  rice  and  other  grains 
are  cultivated,  as  also  a  species  of  arum,  the  roots  of  which 
form  the  food  of  the  hill-people ;  wheat  grows  at  an  eleva- 
tion of  13,000  feet,  barley  at  near  15,000  feet,  and  grass  at 
16,500  feet.  The  cultivation  of  the  tea-plant  has  been  intro- 
duced successfully  along  the  entire  S.  and  AV.  face  of  the 
mountains  up  to  5000  feet.  Herds  of  cattle  are  numerous, 
and  especially  sheep  and  goats.  Mines  of  iron,  lead,  and 
copper  exist,  but  have  been  little  wrought  or  explored. 

Himberg,  him'bfiRG,  a  market-town  of  Lower  Austria, 
8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  1578. 

Himera,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Salso. 

Him'rod's,  a  post-village  of  Yates  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Milo 
township,  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  37  miles  N.  of 
Elmira,  and  2  miles  W.  of  Seneca  Lake.  It  has  a  church, 
a  steam  saw-mill,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Himrod's,  a  station  in  Erie  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Philadel- 
phia <fc  Erie  Railroad,  17  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Erie. 

Hinch,  a  post-village  in  Addington  co.,  Ontario,  10 
miles  N.  of  Napanee.     Pop.  150. 

Hinche,  ha.vsh,  a  town  of  Hayti,  46  miles  S.E.  of 
Capo  Haytien,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Artibonite. 

Hin'chinbrook  Island,  on  the  coast  of  Alaska,  with 
a  port  on  its  S.W.  coast,  called  Port  Eches.  Lat.  60°  16'  N. ; 
Ion.  146°  56'  W. 

Hinck'ley,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  13  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Leicester.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  a  fine 
Gothic  church,  a  town  hall,  a  free  school,  2  branch  banks, 
a  large  manufactory  of  coarse  hosiery,  and  remains  of  an- 
cient walls,  castle,  and  Roman  antiquities.     Pop.  6902. 

Hinck'iey,  a  post- village  of  De  Kalb  co..  111.,  57  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school, 
a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  tile-factory. 

Hinckley,  a  post-village  of  Pine  co.,  Minn.,  on  Grind- 
stone River,  and  on  the  Lake  Superior  <fc  Mississippi  Rail- 
road, 77  miles  N.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  and  lumber  mills.    Pop.  618. 

Hinckley,  a  post- village  of  Medina  co.,  0.,  in  Hinck- 
ley township,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Medina,  and  about  20  miles 
S.  of  Cleveland.  It  has  a  graded  school,  a  foundry,  and  a 
manufactory  of  farming-implements.  The  township  con- 
tains 4  churches,  and  has  a  pop.  of  972. 

Hindelang,  hin'deh-ling^  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in 
Swabia,  15  miles  S.  of  Kempten.     Pop.  2237. 

Hindeloopen,  hin'd§h-lo^p§n,  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, on  the  Zuyder  Zee,  24  miles  S.W.  of  Leeuwarden. 

Hindia,  hin'de-i,  a  town  of  Uindostan,  on  the  Ner- 
budda,  94  miles  S.E.  of  Oojein. 

Hindian,  hin-de-in',  Hindiyan,  hin-dc-yiln',  or 
Indiyan,  a  town  of  Persia,  in  Khoozistan,  120  miles  N.W. 
of  Bushire,  and  not  far  from  the  Persian  Gulf.     Pop.  3500. 

Hind'ley,  a  town  of  England,  in  Lancashire,  2  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Wigan.  It  has  iron-mills  and  coal-mines.  Pop. 
of  township,  10,627. 

Hiud'marsh,  an  island  of  South  Australia,  in  the  en- 
trance to  Lake  Victoria  and  to  the  Murray  River. 

Hindmarsh,  a  lake  of  Victoria,  Australia,  30  miles  in 
circumference.    Lat.  36°  S.j  Ion.  Ul°  30'  K 


niN 


1408 


llIN 


IIindmarsh«  %  N.B.  lubarb  of  Adelaide,  South  Aua- 
tnliii.     Pup.  4473. 

llindbon,  bin'di;>n,  the  largest  of  the  LofToden  Islands, 
Norway,  in  the  Arotio  Ocoan,  divided  between  the  prov- 
iaoet  of  Nordland  and  Fininark.  Length,  46  miles; 
brMKlth,  40  miles.     Pop.  8103. 

Hindole*  or  Hinaol,  binMol',  a  native  state  of  India, 
one  of  the  Cuttack  Mohato.  Lat.  20°  3O'-20'>  60'  N. ;  Ion. 
84°  9'-85°  31'  B.  Area,  312  square  miles.  It  is  in  part  a 
wild  Jungle-traot.  Capitol,  Hindole,  a  small  village.  Pop. 
S8  025. 

Hln'doo-Koosh  (-Coosh,  or  -Koo),  or  Ghoor 
MountiiiiiAf  written  alsoIIindoo-Kusch  or-Kush, 
or  Indian  Caucasus,  in'do-an  kaw'ka-siis  (anc.  Paro- 
pamiitu  AtoHt),  a  groat  mountain-obain  of  Central  Asia, 
between  lat.  34°  and  30°  N.  and  Ion.  68°  and  75°  E.,  ex- 
tending from  the  Upper  Indus  westward  to  the  Bamian  Pass, 
aeparating  Afghanistan  from  Afghan  Toorkistan,  and  con- 
nected E.  with  the  Himalayas,  W.  with  the  Huzareh  Moun- 
tains, and  N.  with  the  table-land  of  Pameer.  It  rises  in 
many  parts  to  upwards  of  20,000  feet  in  elevation,  but  has 
especially  one  vast  summit,  the  Hindoo-Koh,  in  lat.  35° 
40'  N.,  Ion.  68°  50'  E.,  80  miles  N.  of  Cabool,  more  lofty 
than  the  rest,  though  no  actual  measurement  of  it  has  been 
made.  This  chain  is  generally  barren,  and  remarkably 
destitute  of  timber;  in  most  other  respects  it  j^esoinbles  the 
Himalayas.  The  principal  passes  over  the  Hindoo-Koosh 
Mre  the  Khawak  Pass,  13,200  feet  high;  the  Akrobat  Pass, 
10,200  feet;  the  Kara  Kotul,  10,500  feet;  and  the  Dundun 
Shikun,  9000  feet.  Various  large  streams  have  their  sources 
in  these  mountains;  the  principal  are  the  Amoo-Darya  and 
the  Helmund. 

Ilin^doon',  or  HinMone',  a  town  of  India,  domin- 
ion and  74  miles  E.S.E.  of  Jcypoor.  It  is  well  built,  and 
has  Hindoo  temples,  constructed  in  a  Mohammedan  style. 

Hiudoor,  or  Ilindur,  hinMoor',  called  also  Nala- 
gurh,  or  Nalagarh,  n&'la-giir',  a  native  state  of  India, 
in  the  Punjab,  traversed  by  high  ranges  of  the  Himalayan 
foot-hills.     Area,  256  square  miles.     Pop.  49,098. 

Hin^doore'a,  a  town  of  India,  district  and  9  miles 
N.E.  of  Dumoh.     Pop.  3360. 

•  IlindostaU)  or  Hindustan,  hin*d9-stin',  written 
also  Indostan,  Hindoostan,  Industhan,  and  Hin- 
dusthan,  a  word  of  Persian  origin,  originally  meaning 
the  "  land  of  the  river  Indus,"  or,  according  to  some  author- 
ities, the  "  land  of  the  blacks."  The  name  is  applied  by 
Persian  writers  to  India  in  general;  Europeans  apply  it 
sometimes  in  a  wide  sense  to  the  whole  peninsula  of 
India  proper,  and  sometimes  to  the  country  N.  of  the  Vin- 
dhya  Mountains.  The  name  is,  however,  not  official,  and 
is  not  so  much  used  as  in  former  times.    See  India. 

Hindostan,  hinM^-stan',  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Ind., 
10  miles  N.  of  Bloomington. 

Hinds,  hindz,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of 
Mississippi,  has  an  area  of  about  900  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Pearl  River,  and  on  the  N.W.  by 
the  Big  Black  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  a 
large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  very 
fertile.    Cotton,  Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple 

Sroducts.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Vicksburg  & 
[eridian  Railroad  and  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  <fc  Chi- 
cago Railroad.  Capital,  Jackson,  which  is  also  the  capital 
of  the  state.  Pop.  in  1870,  30,488;  in  1880,  43,958;  in 
1«90,  39,279. 

Hindsburg,  hlndz'biirg,  a  post-village  of  Orleans  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Murray  township,  on  the  Brie  Canal  and  New  York 
Central  Railroad,  4i  miles  E.  of  Albion.     Pop.  about  200. 

Hind's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Anderson  co.,  Tenn. 
'I  Hindsville,  hindz'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.. 
Ark.,  about  50  miles  N.  of  Ozark.     It  has  a  select  school,  a 
woollen-factory,  and  a  grist-uiill. 
-  Hindu-Kusch  (or  -Kush).    See  Hindoo-Eoosh. 

Hindur,  India.     See  Hindoor. 

Hindustan,  a  region  of  Asia.     See  Hindostah. 

Hi'ner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Parker  co.,  Tex.,  40  miles 
from  Fort  Worth.     It  has  a  church  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Hiuer's  Run,  Clinton  co.,  Pa.     See  Hvner. 

Hines,  hinz,  a  station  on  the  North  &,  South  Railroad 
of  Georgia,  12  miles  N.  of  Columbus. 

Hinesberg,  hlnz'b^rg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fond  du  Lao 
CO.,  AVis.,  about  12  miles  N.E.  of  Fond  du  Lac. 

Hinesborongh,  hinz'biir-ruh,  or  Hindsborongh, 
hindz'bur-ruh,  a  post-village  of  Douglass  co..  III.,  9  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Areola.  It  has  2  chur<;he.«,  a  newspaper  office, 
a  brick-  and  tile-works,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Ilinesburg,  hinz'burg,  a  post-village  of  Chittenden 
eo.,  Vt.,  in  Hineeburg  township,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bur- 


lington. It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  and  manufacturM 
of  excelsior,  lumber,  woollen  goods,  Ac.  Hero  i.i  a  niunoy. 
order  post-office.     Pop.  about  600;  of  the  township,  1573. 

Uinc*8  (h!nz)  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wuyne  oo., 
Pa.,  about  20  miles  N.  of  Carbondale. 

Hineston,  hlnz't^n,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rapides  parish, 
La.,  on  the  Calcasieu  River,  about  30  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Alexandria.     It  has  a  church. 

Hinesville,  hinz'vll,  a  village  of  Liberty  co.,  Ga., 
about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Savannah.  It  contivins  the  Bradwcll 
Institute,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  church. 

Hinesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richland  co.,  0.,  in  Sharon 
township,  on  the  Cleveland,  Columbus  &  Cincinnati  Rail- 
road and  the  Mansfield,  Coldwater  <t  Lake  Michigan  RaiU 
roa^l,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Mansfield.     It  has  a  church. 

Hinganghat,  a  town  of  India.     See  Innycotta. 

Hingenc,  hing'u^h-nfh  (Fr.  pron.  h&N<>^zhain'),  a  vil- 
lage of  Belgium,  province  and  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Antwerp, 
on  the  Scheldt.     Pop.  3442. 

Iling'ham,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Norfolk,  5i  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Wymondham.  It  has  a  large  church,  built  in 
1316,  and  a  grammar-school.     Pop.  of  parish,  1605. 

Hingham,  hing'%m,  a  post-village  of  Plymouth  co., 
Mass.,  in  Hingham  township,  on  Mas.sachusctts  Bay,  and 
on  the  South  Shore  Branch  of  the  Old  Colony  Railroad, 
about  12  miles  by  water,  or  17  miles  by  rail,  S.E.  of  Boston. 
It  hiis  8  churches,  a  high  school,  the  Derby  Academy,  a 
public  library,  2  banks,  and  a  newspaper  office.  It  is  a 
place  of  summer  resort,  commanding  fine  marine  views. 
The  township  contains  villages  named  Hingham  Centre  and 
South  Hingham.     Pop.  of  township,  4564. 

Hingham,  a  post-village  of  Sheboygan  eo..  Wis.,  ia 
Lima  township,  2i  miles  from  Sherman  Station,  and  14 
miles  S.W.  of  Sheboygan.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  a 
pump-factory,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  about  230. 

Hingham  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Plymouth  co., 
Mass.,  in  Hingham  township,  near  the  South  Shore  Branch 
of  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Boston.  It 
has  a  church,  a  public  library,  and  manufactures  of  car- 
riages, boots,  cordage,  scales,  Ac. 

Hinghenghaut,  or  Hingunghaut,  a  town  of  India. 
See  Innycotta. 

Hing-Hoa,  hing-ho'i,  a  maritime  city  of  China,  In 
Fo-Kien,  90  miles  N.E.  of  Amoy. 

Hinglaj,  hingM&j',  a  place  of  Hindoo  pilgrimage,  in 
Beloochistan,  on  the  Aghor,  20  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the 
Indian  Ocean. 

Hing-Me,  hing^-m&',  a  town  of  China,  in  Quang-See, 
about  60  miles  E.  of  Nan-Ning. 

Hing-Ngin,  hing^-Ngin'  or  hing^-Ngheen',  a  town  of 
China,  in  Quang-Tong,  175  miles  N.E.  of  Canton. 

Hin-Gol,  a  river  of  Beloochistan.     See  Aghor. 

Hiniesta,  Iniesta,  or  Yniesta,  e-ne-6s'ta  (anc. 
Serjestica  f),  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  48  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Cuenca.     Pop.  2889. 

Hin'ka  Lake,  on  the  E.  border  of  Manchooria,  is 
partly  in  the  Russian  government  of  Primorsk.  Its  N.  ex- 
tremity is  in  lat.  45°  N.,  Ion.  147°  40'  E.,  and  it  has  a  length 
of  90  miles  and  a  breadth  of  35  miles.     It  is  navigable. 

Hinkle's  (hink'k'lz)  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Brazoria 
CO.,  Tex.,  on  the  Brazos  River. 

Hinkle's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Upshur  co.,  W.  Va. 

Hinkleton,  hink'k'l-t9n,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Reading.  It  has  2  grist- 
mills and  3  stores. 

Hinkleville,  hink'k'1-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ballard  co., 
Ky.,  20  miles  W.  of  Paducah,  and  15  miles  E.  of  Cairo,  111. 
It  has  2  churches,  3  stores,  and  12  families. 

Hinkleville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Upshur  co.,  W.  Va.,  33 
miles  S.  of  Clarksburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a  chair-factory, 
Ac.     Coal  abounds  here. 

Hink'ley,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Me.,  bounded 
W.  by  Grand  Lake  and  S.E.  by  Big  Lake.     Pop.  19. 

Hinlopen,  or  Hinloopen,  hin'lo^p^n,  the  strait 
separating  the  principal  island  of  Spitzbcrgen  from  East 
Island. 

Hin'man,  a  post-office  of  Emmett  co.,  Mich. 

Hin'mansville,  a  post-village  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Schroeppel  township,  on  the  Oswego  River,  2  miles  from 
Lamson's  Station,  and  16  miles  N.W.  of  Syracuse.     P.  154. 

Hinojares,  or  Hinoxares,  e-no-ni'rfis,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Andalusia,  38  miles  S.E.  of  Jaen. 

Hinojos,  e-no-Boce',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  30 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Huelva.     Pop.  1277. 

Hinojosade  Duero,  e-no-iio'si  dd  doo-^'ro,  a  town 
of  Spain,  in  Leon,  50  miles  W.  of  Salamanca.     Pop.  1616. 

Hinojosa  del  Duqne,  e-no-ao'sjl  ddl  doo'ki,  a  tows 


1^ 


HIN 


1409 


HIS 


of  Spain,  province  and  40  miles  N.W.  of  Cordova.  Pop. 
8(537.  It  has  several  convents  and  hospitals,  and  manu- 
factures of  linen  and  woollen  fabrics  and  counterpanes. 

Hinojosa  de  San  Vicente,  e-no-Ho's4  dA  sin  vo- 
thin't4,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  38  miles  W.  by 
N.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  1388. 

Ilinojosos,  or  Los  Hinojosos,  Iocs  e-no-Ho'soce, 
a  village  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  60  miles  S.W.  of  Cuenca. 
It  consists  of  two  contiguous  places,  Ilinojoso  del  Orden, 
o-no-Ho'so  d5I  oR'dSn,  and  Hinojoso  del  Marquesado,  e-no- 
Bo'so  d51  maii-ki-si'DO.     Pop.  2244. 

Hinsdale,  hinz'dal,  a  county  in  the  S.AV.  part  of  Colo- 
rado, is  drained  by  the  Rio  Grande  del  Norte,  which  rises 
in  it,  and  by  the  Lake  Fork  of  the  Gunnison.  The  surface 
is  mountainous,  and  is  partly  covered  with  forests  of  ever- 
green trees.  Among  its  prominent  features  are  Mount 
Canby,  Uncompahgre  Peak,  and  Mount  Oso.  Rich  mines 
of  silver  have  been  opened  in  this  county,  in  the  San  Juan 
Mountains.  Area,  1400  square  miles.  Capital,  Lake  City. 
Pop.  in  1880,  1487;  in  1890,  862. 

Hinsdale,  a  post-village  of  Du  Page  co..  111.,  18  miles 
by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  4  churches,  a  classical 
academy,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  1184. 

Hinsdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa,  and  a  sta- 
tion on  the  Keokuk  &  Des  Moines  Railroad,  about  18  miles 
N.W.  of  Keokuk.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Hinsdale,  a  post-village  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Hinsdale  township,  on  the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad,  45 
miles  N.W.  of  Springfield,  and  8  miles  E.  of  Pittsfield.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  a  public  library,  basket-fac- 
tories, and  a  woollen-mill.   Pop.  of  the  township,  1739. 

Hinsdale,  a  post-village  of  Cheshire  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Hinsdale  township,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Ashuelot,  and  on  the  Ashuelot  Railroad,  19  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Keene,  and  about  8  miles  below  Bnittleborough, 
Vt.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  and 
manufactures  of  iron,  leather,  woollen  goods,  and  mowing- 
machines.  Its  woollen-wills  employ  several  hundred  hands. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  2258. 

Hinsdale,  a  post-village  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Hinsdale  township,  on  Ischua  Creek,  on  the  Erie  Railroad 
and  the  Genesee  Valley  Canal,  and  on  the  Buffalo,  New 
York  k  Philadelphia  Railroad,  63  miles  S.S.E.  of  Buffalo, 
and  6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Clean.  It  has  2  churches,  a  cheese- 
factory,  and  several  mills  for  lumber  and  flour.  Pop.  321  j 
of  the  township,  1575. 

Hinsdale,  a  station  in  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Central 
Railroad  of  Long  Island,  4  miles  W.  of  Garden  City.  Post- 
Office,  East  Hinsdale. 

Hin'ton,  a  hamlet  of  Plymouth  co.,  Iowa,  on  or  near 
Floyd  River,  and  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  11  miles 
N.E.  of  Sioux  City.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Hinton,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Cincin- 
nati Southern  Railroad,  27  miles  N.  of  Lexington. 

Hinton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Summers  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  New  River,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Greenbrier,  and  on 
the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  96  miles  S.E.  of  Charleston. 
It  has  6  churches,  public  schools,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office, 
railroad  repair-shops,  and  saw-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  2570. 

Hinweil,  hin'^ile,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Zurich.  Near  it  are  the  Gyren  baths. 
Pop.  2638. 

Hinzuan,  one  of  the  Comoro  Islands.     See  Johanna. 

Hiogo,  he-o'go,  or  Fiogo,  fe-o'go,  a  seaport  town  of 
Japan,  on  the  island  of  Hondo,  22  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Osaka. 
It  is  on  a  fine  harbor,  at  the  head  of  the  Gulf  of  Osaka,  and 
is  adjacent  to  Kob6.  It  is  lighted  with  gas,  and  has  a  fine 
town  hall,  a  custom-house,  government  machine-shops,  and 
an  extensive  foreign  and  coastwise  trade.    P.  1884,  40,618. 

Hioring,  a  town  of  Jutland.     See  Hjoring. 

Hip'pa,  a  small  island  of  the  North  Pacific  Ocean,  W. 
of  Graham  Island,  Queen  Charlotte  group,  British  Columbia. 

Hip'perholme,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  2 
mile?  by  rail  E.  of  Halifax.     Pop.  2130. 

Hippola,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Maina. 

Hipponium.     See  Monteleone  and  Bivona. 
.  Hippo  Regius,  the  ancient  name  of  Bona. 

Hippo  Zaritus  (or  Zarytus),  Africa.    See  Bizerta. 

Hi'ram,  a  post-hamlet  of  White  co.,  Ark.,  25  miles  from 
Kensett  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Hiram,  a  post-village  of  Oxford  co..  Me.,  in  Hiram 
township,  on  the  Saco  River,  and  on  the  Portland  <fc  Ogdens- 
burg  Railroad  (at  Hiram  Bridge  Station),  36  miles  W.N. W. 
of  Portland.  It  has  4  churches,  a  high  school,  and  manu- 
factures of  staves  and  shooks.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1393. 

Hiram,  a  post-village  in  Hiram  township,  Portage  co., 
0.,  on  the  Atlantic  <fc  Great  Western  Railroad,  Mahoning 


division,  33  miles  S.E.  of  Cleveland.  It  has  a  church. 
Here  is  Hiram  College  (Christian),  which  was  organized  in 
1866.  The  township  is  intersected  by  the  Cleveland  <fc  Pitts« 
burg  Railroad.     Pop.  of  township,  1234. 

Hi'ram sburg,  a  post-village  of  Noble  co.,  0.,  in  Noble 
township,  1  mile  from  the  Marietta,  Pittsburg  <fc  Cleveland 
Railroad,  and  41  miles  N.  of  Marietta.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hirchova,  a  town  of  Roumania.    See  Hirschova. 

Hire,  a  township  of  McDonough  co.,  111.    Pop.  1186. 

Hirepoli,  he-rfip'o-le,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Roumelia,  45  miles  S.E.  of  Adrianople. 

Hire's  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Buena  Vista  co.,  Iowa, 
6i  miles  N.E.  of  Storm  Lake. 

Hi  rial,  he-re-3,1',  a  populous  village  of  British  India, 
12  miles  S.W.  of  Bellary. 

Hiroshima,  heeVo-shee'mi,  or  Hirosima,  heeVo- 
see'mi  (less  correctly  Firosima,  feeVo-see'mA),  a  city  of 
Japan,  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  island  of  Hondo,  near  its  S.W, 
extremity.     Pop.  in  1884,  77,344. 

Hirrlingen,  heen'ling-^n,  a  village  of  WUrtemberg,  15 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Reutlingen.     Pop.  1396. 

Hirschau,  heeu'shSw,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  8  miles  N.E. 
of  Amberg.     Pop.  1737. 

Hirschberg,  hggRsh'bJRG  (Bohem.  Dokzij,  dok'zee),  a 
town  of  Bohemia,  36  miles  N.N.E.  of  Prague.     Pop.  2413. 

Hirschberg,  hggRsh'bSRO,  a  fortified  town  of  Prua- 
sian  Silesia,  on  a  railway,  27  miles  S.W.  of  Liegnitz,  on  the 
Bober,  near  the  Bohemian  frontier.  Pop.  12,954.  It  has  1 
Lutheran  and  4  Roman  Catholic  churches,  a  gymnasium, 
and  various  charitable  establishments,  and  is  an  emporium' 
for  veils,  linen  fabrics,  and  hosiery,  having  also  bleaching- 
and  cotton-printing-works,  paper-mills,  sugar-refineries,  and 
potteries. 

Hirschberg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Reuss-Schleitz, 
on  the  Saale,  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lobenstein.     Pop.  1742. 

Hirschfeld,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Hersfeld. 

Hirschfeldau,  hS5Rsh'fel-dow\  Mittel,  mit't^l,  Nie- 
DER,  nce'der,  and  Ober,  o'b§r,  three  nearly  contiguouB 
villages  of  Prussian  Silesia,  in  Liegnitz.     Pop.  1150. 

Hirschfelde,  h5eRsh'f51-d§h,  a  town  of  Saxony,  on  the 
Neisse,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Zittau.     Pop.  2015. 

Hirschhorn,  heSRsh'hoRn,  or  liirsehorn,  a  village 
of  Hesse,  on  the  Neckar,  32  miles  S.S.E.  of  Darmstadt. 
Pop.  1762. 

Hirschoim,  hSeRsh'olm,  or  Hirsholm,  hScRs'holm, 
a  village  of  Denmark,  island  of  Seeland,  14  miles  N.  of 
Copenhagen. 

Hirschova,  or  Hirsova,  hlR-sho'vA,  sometimes  writ- 
ten Hirchova,  a  town  of  Roumania,  in  the  Dobrudja,  60 
miles  N.E.  of  Silistria.     Pop.  4000. 

Hirsholmen,  hSens'hormen,  a  group  of  small  islands 
of  Denmark,  in  the  Cattegat,  off  the  N.E.  coast  of  Jutland, 
4  miles  N.E.  of  Frederickshavn. 

Hirsingen,  heeR'sing-?n  (Fr.  Hirsingue,  heen^siN"'),  a 
village  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  2i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Altkirch. 

Hirson,  heeR*s6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Aisne,  on  the 
Oise,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Vervins.  Pop.  4285.  It  has  saw- 
mills, and  manufactures  of  machinery,  nails,  <fec. 

Hirzel,  hecRt's^l,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Zurich. 

Hisar,  or  Hissar,  his^sar',  a  Turkish  word,  signifying 
"castle,"  forming  the  name  or  part  of  the  name  of  numerous 
towns  in  Western  Asia. 

Hisar,  or  Hissar,  a  village  and  fort  of  Persia,  in 
Azerbaijan,  32  miles  W.S.W.  of  Tukhti  Suleiman.  Near 
it  are  the  caves  of  Kereftee,  anciently  devoted  to  Mitfaraio 
worship. 

Hiseville,  hls'vll,  a  post-village  of  Barren  co.,  Ky., 
10  miles  N.  of  Glasgow.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school, 
and  a  cabinet-maker's  shop. 

Hisingen,  hee'zing-^n,  an  island  of  Sweden,  formed 
by  the  two  arms  of  the  Gotha-Elf,  on  the  S.AV.  coast  of  the 
laen  of  Gothenburg.     Length,  15  miles. 

Hisooah,  his'oo-a,  Huswa,  or  Hasua,  hus'wa,  a 
town  of  Bengal,  district  and  30  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Gayah. 
Pop.  6119. 

Ilispalis,  the  ancient  name  of  Seville. 

Hispania,  the  Latin  name  of  Spain. 

Hispaniola,  or  San  Domingo.    See  Hayti 

Hispellum,  the  ancient  name  of  Spello. 

Hispirasis,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Ipsera. 

His'sar',  a  mountainous  region  of  Central  Asia,  in 
eluded  in  the  dominions  of  Bokhara. 

Hissar,  the  chief  town  of  the  above  country,  on  aft- 
affluent  of  the  Oxus,  130  miles  N.E.  of  Balkh, 

His^sar',  or  Hissar',  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  Hi* 
sar,  100  miles  W.N.W.  of  Delhi.     Pop.  14,133.  i 


ms 


MlOr 


HOB 


Uistnr,  %  division  of  Britioh  India,  in  the  S.E.  park 
of  tbo  I'uiijub,  ooiiiprUing  tho  dixtrioU  uf  IJiMiir,  Sina  (or 
Bhattinna),  and  Kulituk.  Aro«,  S472  square  uiiliM.  Pop. 
1,232,135.  II1S.SAR  D18TIUCT  baa  aa  area  of  3640  squaro 
miles.  It  is  at  present  largely  a  wild,  ill-oultivated  oountry. 
Qi^ital,  Hissar.    Pop.  4S4,631. 

Ilissar,  a  river  uf  Asia.    See  Kaprrnihao. 

Hissar,  a  villugo  of  Porvia.    Seo  UuAii. 

Hiatria,  Austria.    Seo  Ihtria. 

Hitt  l>i^  (anc.  /«  or  ^iop'olU),  a  town  of  Asiatic  Tur- 
key, vilayet  of  Bagdad,  on  the  Euphrates,  140  miles  N.W. 
of  Ilillah.  Lat.  33°  53'  N. ;  Ion.  42°  40'  E.  It  consists  of 
about  1600  houses,  enclosed  by  a  high  mud  wall  with  souii- 
ciroular  tower*.  A  graceful  minaret  and  some  handsome 
tombs  are  its  only  structures  worthy  of  notice.  The  inhab- 
itants are  employed  in  preparing  wool,  boat-building,  limo- 
burning,  manufacturing  salt,  and  exporting  bitumen  and 
naphtha  from  the  famous  pita  here,  which  were  abundantly 
productive  in  tho  earliest  ages  of  antiquity. 

Ilitcli'cock,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Nebraska, 
bordering  on  Kansas,  has  an  area  of  720  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Republican  River.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating or  nearly  level.  The  greater  part  of  it  is  prairie. 
Capital,  CulberUon.     Pop.  in  1880,  1012;  in  18U0,  5799. 

Hitchcock's^  a  station  in  Southington  township,  Hart- 
ford CO.,  Conn.,  on  the  New  Uaven  &  Northampton  Rail- 
roail,  19  miles  N.  of  New  Haven. 

Hitchcock's  Station,  a  post-ofiSco  of  Washington 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  Railroad, 
5  miles  N.W.  of  Salem.     Ilere  is  a  church. 

Hitch'iu,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  UJ  miles  N.W.  of 
Hertford,  at  a  railway  junction.  It  is  beautifully  situated, 
and  has  a  richly-ornamented  church  containing  numerous 
monuments  and  a  fine  altar-piece  by  Rubens,  a  grainraar- 
Bohool,  a  girls'  school,  a  workhouse,  an  infirmary,  town  hall, 
gas-works,  and  an  extensive  meal-  and  malt-trade.     P.  7630. 

HiteS)  hits,  a  post-hamlet  in  East  Deer  township,  Alle- 
ghany CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Western  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  19 
miles  N.E.  of  Alleghany  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded 
school,  a  plate-glass  factory,  and  a  coal-mine. 

Kite's  Cove,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Mari- 
posa CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  South  Fork  of  Merced  River,  55  miles 
N.E.  of  Merced.  It  has  a  gold-mine  and  a  stamp-mill. 
Pop.  about  150. 

Hitesville,  hits'vll,  a  hamlet  of  Coles  co..  111.,  3  miles 
S.  of  Ashmore.     It  has  a  church. 

Hitesville,  a  post-office  of  Union  00.,  Ky. 

Hit'son's  Crossing,  a  post-bamlet  of  Palo  Pinto  00., 
Tex.,  on  the  Brazos  River,  23  miles  W.  of  Weatherford.  It 
has  a  church. 

Hitt,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scotland  co.,  Mo.,  10  miles  N.W. 
of  Memphis.     It  has  a  church. 

Hittercn,  hit't?r-§n,  an  island  of  Norway,  40  miles  W. 
of  Trondhjem,  in  the  Atlantic.  Length,  from  W.  to  E.,  30 
miles ;  greatest  breadth,  10  miles.     Pop.  526. 

Hitteroe,  hit't^r-o^^h,  an  island  off  the  S.  coast  of  Nor- 
way, nearly  opposite  Mandal. 

Hittle,  hit't'l,  a  township  of  Tazewell  co.,  IlL  Pop. 
HiO.     It  contains  Arraington. 

Hittorf,  hit'tonf,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  govern- 
ment of  Dusseldorf,  on  the  Rhine.     Pop.  1S04. 

Hitu,  a  town  of  Brazil.     See  Itu. 

Hivaoa,  e-vh-o'h,,  an  island  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  the 
largest  of  the  S.W.  group  of  the  Marquesas.  Lat.  of  the 
N.  point,  9°  34'  S. ;  Ion.  139°  4'  W.  It  is  22  miles  long; 
greatest  breadth,  about  10  miles. 

Iliwas'see,  a  township  of  Clay  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  418. 

Hiwassee  College,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Tenn., 
7  miles  E.  of  Sweetwater  Statien,  and  48  miles  S.W.  of 
Knoxville.     Here  is  the  Hiwassee  College,  founded  in  1849. 

Hiwassee  River,  Georgia.    See  Hiawassee  River. 

Hixar,  a  town  of  Spain.     See  Hijar. 

Hix'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Appomattox  co.,  Va.,  10 
miles  E.  of  Appomattox  Court- House.     It  has  a  church. 

Hix'on,  a  township  of  Clark  co..  Wis.     Pop.  328. 

Hix'ton,  a  post-village  in  Hixton  township,  Jackson 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Green  Bay  &  Minnesota  Railroad,  and  on 
the  Trempealeau  River,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Merrillan,  and  56 
miles  N.E.  of  Winona,  Minn.  It  has  a  flouring-mill.  The 
township  contains  Sechlersville,  and  a  pop.  of  1268. 

Hizen,  a  province  of  Japan.    See  Fizbn. 

XUArnoe,  or  Hiarnoe,  hyaR'no'^h,  an  island  of  Den- 
mark, off  the  E.  coast  of  Jutland,  8  miles  E.  by  S.  of  the 
town  of  Ilorsen.     Pop.  120. 

Hjelmar,  Hielmar,  hyil'maR,  or  Jelmar,  ySl'man, 
a  lake  of  Sweden,  bordering  on  the  laens  of  Orebro,  Nyko- 
ping,  and  Westmannland.   LengtJi,  about  40  miles ;  breadth, 


15  miles.     It  reeeivcs  tho  Svart  at  its  W.  extremity,  and 
discharges  itself  by  the  Thorshiilla  into  Lake  Muilnr. 

Iljuring,  or  IliUring,  he-ii'ring  or  hyii'ring,  a  low^ 
of  Denmark,  in  Jutland,  29  miles  N.  of  Aalborg.     P.  1272. 

IlJortOe,  hyoK'td^fb,  a  small  island  of  Denmark,  S.  uf 
the  island  of  Funen. 

H'Lassa,  the  capital  city  of  Thibet.    Seo  Lassa. 

Illiboka,  h'lee-bo'k&,  a  town  uf  Austria,  in  Bukuwina, 
12  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Czernowitz.     Pup.  3072. 

Ulinsko,  h'lin'sko,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  15  miles  S.  of 
Chrudim,  on  the  Chrudimka.     Pop.  3141. 

Hlubzien,  a  town  of  Silesia.    See  LEonscRUrz. 

HI  uk,  h'look,  a  town  of  Moravia,  5  miles  S.E.  of  llradisch. 
Pop.  2100.     Wine  is  made  here. 

Iloagland,  hOg'l^nd,  a  post-village  of  Allen  co.,  Ind., 
in  Madisun  township,  on  tho  Cincinnati,  Richmond  A,  Fort 
Wayne  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  steam  grist-mill. 

Hoag'lin,  a  township  of  Van  Wert  co.,  0.     Pop.  622^, 

Hoag's  Corner,  a  j)08t-hamlet  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Nassau  township,  about  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Albany.  It 
has  a  church. 

Hoai-Ho,  ho-i^-ho',  a  river  of  China,  traverses  Lake 
IIong-Tse,  and  joins  the  Uoang-IIo  after  an  K.  course  of 
400  miles. 

Hoai-Khing,  bo-r-King',  a  city  of  China,  province  of 
Uo-Nan.     Lut.  35°  6'  N. ;  Ion.  113°  E. 

Hoang-Choo,  or  Hoang-Tchou,  ho-&ng'-choo', » 
city  of  China,  in  Hoo-Pe,  on  the  Yang-tse-Kiang,  33  milet 
E.  of  Han-Yang.     Two  towns  of  Corea  have  this  name. 

Hoang'Ho  (ho-ing^-ho',  pronounced  almost  wli&ng^- 
ho')  (i.e.,  the  "Yellow  River,'  so  named  from  the  color 
which  the  yellow  clay  along  its  banks  gives  to  its  waters), 
one  of  the  principal  rivers  of  the  Chinese  Empire,  nppoiirs 
to  rise  in  the  Koko-Nor  territory,  in  Thibet,  near  Int.  34° 
N.  and  Ion.  98°  E.,  flows  northeastward  into  Mongolia  to 
about  lat.  41°  N.,  Ion.  108°  E.,  re-enters  China  proper,  and, 
after  abrupt  bends  southward  and  eastward,  enters  tho  Gulf 
of  Pe-Chee-Lee,  after  a  total  course  estimated  at  2700  miles. 
Chief  affluents,  the  Hoai-Ho  and  Hoei-Ho.  On  its  banks 
are  many  cities  of  first  and  second  rank,  the  principal  being 
Lan-Choo  and  Kai-Fong,  respectively  the  capitals  of  tho 
provinces  of  Kan-Soo  and  Ho-Nan.  Previous  to  1853  it 
entered  the  Y'ellow  Sea  by  a  mouth  some  hundreds  of  miles 
S.  of  its  present  one.  This  stream  is  so  turbulent  and  im- 
petuous that  it  is  scarcely  adapted  to  Chinese  navigation, 
and  its  frequent  overflow  is  the  cause  of  much  destruction. 

Hoang-Kiang,  a  river  of  China.    See  Hong-Kianq. 

Hoang-Yan,  ho-4ng^-yAn',  or  Hwang-Yu^en',  o^ 
town  of  China,  province  of  Che-Kiang,  about  90  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Ning-Po.     Pop.  about  120,000. 

Hoas'ic,  a  post-village  in  Dundas  co.,  Ontario,  8  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Morrisburg.     Pop.  100. 

Ho'back's  River,  Wyoming,  rises  on  the  western 
slope  of  the  Wind  River  Mountains,  runs  westward,  and 
enters  the  Snake  River  near  lat.  43°  20'  N.  It  is  said  to 
bring  in  a  large  volume  of  water. 

Ho'bart,  a  post-village  of  Lake  eo.,  Ind.,  in  Hobart 
township,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Rail- 
road, 34  miles  S.E.  of  Chicago.  It  has  several  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  bricks,  sash,  and  blinds.  Pop.  in  1880, 
600;  in  1890,  1010;  of  the  township,  2197. 

Hobart,  a  post-bamlet  in  Clam  Lake  township,  Wex- 
ford CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Rail- 
road, 6  miles  S.  of  Cadillac.  It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a 
planing-mill. 

Hobart,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y'.,  in  Stam- 
ford township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Delaware  River,  4  miles 
S.W.  of  Stamford  Station,  and  about  54  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Albany.  It  hsis  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  national  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  manufacturesof  farming-implements 
and  butter-firkins.     Pup.  in  1890,  561. 

Hobart  (ho'bart)  Town  (often  pronounced  hob'?r- 
tpn),  a  city  of  Tasmania,  capital  of  the  colony,  on  the  W. 
bank  of  the  river  Derwent,  near  the  S.E.  coast,  12  miles 
from  the  sea,  and  2  miles  E.  of  Mount  Wellington,  which  is 
4166  feet  in  height.  It  has  wide  and  regular  streets,  and 
is  lighted  with  gas.  Tho  public  buildings  are  of  a  light 
freestone  quarried  near  the  town.  Among  them  are  tho 
government  house,  town  haU  and  public  library,  hospital, 
jail,  theatre,  several  banks,  and  some  fine  churches.  It  is 
the  seat  of  Anglican  and  Catholic  bishops.  A  railway  133. 
miles  long  connects  it  with  Launceston.  The  river,  a  deep 
estuary,  affords  ample  and  excellent  harbor  accommodation. 
Leading  articles  of  manufacture  are  beer,  flour,  soap,  jam, 
woollen  goods,  hats,  barrels,  &a.  Tin  ore  is  here  smelted, 
and  tanners'  bark  ground  for  export.    Pop.  (189 IJ  24,905. 


HOB 


1411 


IIOD 


Hobay,  a  town  of  Formosa.     See  Tamsui. 
Ilobbie,  hob'bc,  a  post-hamlet  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  16 
miles  S.W.  of  Wilkesbarre.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hobbieville,  hob'be-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co., 
Ind.,  about  18  miles  S.W.  of  Bloomington.  It  has  a  church. 
Coal  and  iron  ore  are  found  here. 

Ilobbs,  a  post-office  of  Tipton  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Lafay- 
ette, Muncio  &  Bloomington  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Tipton. 

Ilob'bysville,  a  post-office  of  Spartanburg  oo.,  S.C. 

Ho^bo'ken,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  3  miles 
S.W.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  2800. 

Ilobo'ken,  a  post-village  of  Marengo  co.,  Ala.,  12  miles 
from  Gay's  Landing.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  high  school. 

Hoboken,  a  post-village  of  Pierce  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Brunswick  <fc  Albany  Railroad,  43  miles  W.  of  Brunswick. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  naval  stores,  &o. 

Iloboken,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co.,  Ind. 

lloboken,  ho-bo'k§n,  a  city  and  port  of  entry  of  Hud- 
son CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Hudson  River,  oppo- 
site New  York  City,  and  immediately  above  Jersey  City. 
It  is  the  eastern  terminus  of  the  Morris  &  Essex  Railroad 
and  of  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad.  It 
contains  14  churches  (1  Baptist,  2  Catholic,  1  Dutch  Re- 
formed, 3  Episcopal,  2  German,  3  Methodist,  2  Presbyte- 
rian), several  academies,  6  public  schools,  and  the  Stevens 
Institute  of  Technology,  which  has  extensive  apparatus  for 
teaching  the  natural  sciences  and  their  application  to  the 
industrial  arts.  One  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers  are 
published  here.  Hoboken  has  also  2  national  banks,  2 
savings-banks,  a  hospital,  several  foundries  and  machine- 
shops,  and  a  large  manufactory  of  lead-penoils.  It  has  an 
extensive  trade  in  coal,  being  one  of  the  principal  depots 
from  which  New  York  and  its  shipping  are  supplied.  Six 
lines  of  European  steamships  start  from  this  port.  The 
principal  industries  of  this  place  are  connected  with  these 
steamships  and  the  coal-docks.  Several  lines  of  horse-cars 
Qonnect  Hoboken  with  Jersey  City  and  other  towns.  Pop. 
in  1870,  20,297;  in  1880,  30,999;  in  1890,  43,648. 

Hoboken,  a  village  in  O'Hara  township,  Alleghany 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pittsburg  Branch  of  the  AVestern  Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Alleghany  City,  and  1 
mile  from  Houston  Post-Office.  It  has  a  church  and  the 
county  workhouse. 

Hobroe,  ho'bro^^h,  almost  ho'bruV?h,  a  town  of  Den- 
mark, in  Jutland,  at  the  head  of  the  Mariager-Fiord,  8  miles 
W.  of  Mariager.     Pop.  2081. 

Hochelaga,  hok-i-li'gi,  a  county  of  Quebec,  forming 
the  cast  part  of  the  island  of  Montreal,  comprises  an  area 
of  76  square  miles.     Capital,  Longue  Pointe.     Pop.  25,640. 

Ilocnelaga,  a  post-village  in  the  above  county,  on  the 
river  St.  Lawrence,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Montreal.  It  is  the 
terminus  of  the  Montreal  City  Passenger  Railway  and  of 
the  Northern  Colonization  Railway.  It  contains  a  convent, 
a  cotton-factory,  gas-works,  a  military  prison,  a,nd  some  fine 
residences.     Pop.  1061. 

Hochelbe,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Hohenelbe. 

Ilochcnau,  a  market-town  of  Austria.     See  Hohe.vau. 

Hochfelden,  hoK'fSl-d^n  (Fr.  pron.  hish^fSrd&N"'),  a 
town  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  13  mUes  N.N.W.  of  Stras- 
burg.     Pop.  2469. 

Ilochheim,  ho'hime  or  hoK'hime,  a  village  of  Prus- 
sia, in  Hesse-Nassau,  near  the  Main,  on  the  Taunus  Rail- 
way, 7  miles  S.E.  of  Wiesbaden.  Pop.  2502.  It  gives  name 
to  a  well-known  class  of  wines. 

Ilochheim,  hSk'hime,  a  post-hamlet  of  De  Witt  co., 
Tex.,  15  miles  N.  of  Cuero.     It  has  a  church. 

Ilochkirch,  hoK'klRK',  a  village  of  Saxony,  7  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Bautzen.     Pop.  508. 

Ilochrentsch,  a  village  of  Bohemia.     See  Rentsch. 

Iloch-Sentis,  a  mountain  of  Switzerland.  See  Sentis. 

Ilochspeyer,  or  Hochspeier,  hoK'spi^r,  a  village 
of  Rhenish  Bavaria,  6i  miles  E.  of  Kaiserslautern.  P.  1716. 

Ilochst,  hoKst,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassau,  on 
(be  Main,  and  on  a  railway,  6  miles  W.  of  Frankfort.  It 
has  manufactures  of  furniture  and  tobacco.     Pop.  4055. 

Ilbchst,  a  market-town  of  Hesse,  province  of  Starken- 
burg.     Pop.  1841. 

Ilochstadt,  hoK'stdtt,  or  Wisowka,  *e-sov'ki,  a 
town  of  Bohemia,  29  miles  N.E.  of  Buntzlau.     Pop.  1604. 

Ilochstadt,  hoK'stltt,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Swabia, 
on  the  left  bank  of  the  Danube,  and  on  the  Nuremberg  <fc 
Neumarkt  Railway,  23  miles  N.W.  of  Augsburg.     P.  2304. 

Ilochstadt,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Upper  Franconia, 
15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bamberg,  on  the  Aisch.     Pop.  1868. 

Ilochstetten,  or  Gross  Hochstettin,  groce  hoK'- 
»t4t't?n,  a  parish  and  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Bern. 


Iloch-Wesely,  hoK-*i'z?h-le,  or  Wesely,  a  town 

of  Bohemia,  7  miles  N.AV.  of  Bidschow.     Pop.  1.335. 

Hock^anum',  a  small  river  of  Connecticut,  rises  in 
Tolland  co.,  runs  southwestward,  and  enters  the  Connecticut 
River  2  or  3  miles  below  Hartford. 

Ilockanum,  a  post-village  of  Hartford  co.,  Conn.,  near 
the  E.  bank  of  the  Connecticut,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Hartford. 

Hockanum,  a  hamlet  of  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Hadley  township,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  near  Mount 
Holyoke.     A  ferry  connects  it  with  Northampton. 

Hockenheim,  hok'§n-hime\  a  village  of  Baden,  10 
miles  by  rail  S.AV.  of  Heidelberg.     Pop.  4176. 

Hock'ers,  a  post-hamlet  of  JeSbrson  co.,  Ark.,  20  miles 
from  Pino  Bluif. 

Ilockes'sin,  a  post-hamlet  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  on 
the  Wilmington  <t  Western  Railroad,  15  miles  AV.N-.W.  of 
AVilraington.  It  has  quarries  of  limestone  and  kaolin, 
brick-yards,  and  lime-kilns. 

Hock'ing,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an  area 
of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Hock- 
ing River,  and  also  drained  by  Rush,  Salt,  and  Queer  Creeks. 
The  surface  is  partly  hilly,  is  extensively  covered  with  for- 
ests, and  presents  picturesque  scenery.  The  soil  is  fertile, 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  wool,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Mines  of  coal  and  iron  ore  have  been  opened  ia 
this  county,  which  has  also  beds  of  limestone.  It  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Columbus,  Hocking  Valley  &  Toledo  Railroad 
(branches  of  which  meet  at  the  capital)  and  the  Ilucking 
Canal.  Capital  Logan.  Pop.  in  1870,  17,925;  in  1S80, 
21,126;  in  1890,  22,668. 

HockingTt  a  township  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.  Pop.  2005, 
exclusive  of  the  city  of  Lancaster. 

Hocking  Junction,  in  Franklin  co.,  0.,  is  the  cross- 
ing of  the  Scioto  Valley  Railroad  and  the  Columbus  &  IIock> 
ing  Valley  Railroad,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Columbus. 

Hock'ingport,  a  post-village  of  Athens  co.,  O.,on  the, 
Ohio  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Hocking  River,  14  miles 
below  Parkersburg,  and  about  20  milps  N.E.  of  Pomeroy. 
It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  about  500. 

Hocking  River,  Ohio,  rises  in  Fairfield  co.,  runa 
southeastward  through  Hocking  and  Athens  cos.,  and  en- 
ters the  Ohio  River  about  14  miles  below  Parkersburg, 
W.  Va.  It  is  nearly  125  miles  long.  The  chief  towns  on 
its  banks  are  Lancaster,  Logan,  and  Athens.  It  traverses 
the  Ohio  coal-field. 

Hock'ley,  a  county  in  the  N.AV.  of  Texas,  on  the 
Staked  Plain.     Area,  940  square  miles. 

Hockley,  a  post-village  of  Harris  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Houston  A  Texas  Central  Railroad,  35  miles  N.W.  of 
Houston.     It  has  a  church. 

Hodchod'kee  Creek,  of  Georgia,  rises  in  Stewart 
CO.,  and  flows  into  Patawla  Creek  in  Randolph  co. 

Hoddesdon,  h9dz'd9n,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Herts,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Hertford.     Pop.  2090. 

Hodeida,  ho-di'di  or  ho-di'da,  written  also  Ho' 
dida,  a  seaport  town  of  Arabia,  in  Yemen,  on  the  Red 
Sea,  100  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mocha.  Its  bazaars  are  supplied 
with  Indian  silks,  cloths,  and  grains,  besides  the  producei 
of  Arabia. 

Hoden,ho-d£n',  or  Wadan,  w&-d&n',  a  town  and  oasis 
of  Africa,  near  lat.  19°  30'  N.,  Ion.  13°  30'  W. 

Hodgdon,  hoj'd^n,  a  post-village  of  Aroostook  co.. 
Me.,  in  Hodgdon  township,  6  miles  S.  of  Houlton.  It  baa 
2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  1  or  2  lumber-mills.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  989. 

Hodgdon's  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Lincoln  co..  Me.,  on 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  about  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bath, 

Hodgeman,  hoj'man,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part 
of  Kansas,  is  drained  by  the  Pawnee  Fork,  an  affluent  of 
the  Arkansas  River.  Area,  864  square  miles.  Capital, 
Jetmore.     Pop.  in  1880,  1704;  in  1890,  2395. 

Hodgensville,  h6j'§nz-vil,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
La  Rue  co.,  Ky.,  11  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Elizabethtown. 
It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  ofiSce,  a  distillery, 
<tc.     Pop.  in  1890,  542. 

Hodges,  hoj'^z,  a  post-village  of  Abbeville  oo.,  B.C., 
on  the  Greenville  &  Columbia  Railroad,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Abbeville  Court-IIouse.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hodge's,  a  station  of  Jefferson  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  East 
Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad,  19  miles  N.E.  of 
Knoxville. 

Hodge's  Corners,  Ontario.    See  Maynard. 

Hodge's  Park,  a  post-village  of  Alexander  co.,  III.; 
on  the  Cairo  i  St.  Louis  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Cairo. 
It  has  2  churches  and  1  or  2  saw-mills. 

Hodic,  or  Hoedic,  an  island  of  France.    See  Hedio. 

Uodida,  a  seaport  town  of  Arabia.    See  IIodeid^ 


HOD 


1412 


noil 


Hodimont,  ho^de«*in&8«',  a  village  of  Belgium,  prov- 
ince and  i:t  inilM  E.  of  Lioge.     Pop.  3100. 

Iludony,  hoMofl',  a  village  of  Hungary,  oo.  of  Temes- 
rar,  4  railea  from  Kis-Becskcrek.     Pop.  1100. 

Hodsak,  hod^sbOk',  or  Odsak,  od'shSk',  a  town  of 
Hungary,  oo.  of  Bdos,  14  miles  from  Zoinbor.     Pop.  3683. 

Hodulflio-dool',  a  town  of  India,  60  miles  S.  of  Delhi, 
(bruierly  a  place  of  great  extent.     Pop.  5840. 

lIocRacrden,  a  village  of  Belgium.   See  TIonoAEBnE. 

Iloci-Choo,  ho-A*-choo',  Hoei'Chcoo,  or  Iloci- 
Tcheou,ho  A*-ohee-oo',  a  town  of  China,  in  Quang-Tong, 
85  miles  E.  of  Canton,  on  a  tributary  of  the  Canton  River. 

Iloei'Ho,  ho-&^-ho',  a  river  of  China,  the  chief  affluent 
of  the  Huang- Ilo,  which  it  enters  in  lat.  34°  45'  N.,  Ion. 
110"  30'  E.    ToUvl  estimated  course,  400  miles. 

IIoei-Ngan,  ho-4*-Ng4n',  or  Hoei>An,  ho-i'-&n',  a 
city  of  China,  in  Kiang-Soo,  100  miles  N.N.E.  of  Nanking, 
on  the  Imperial  Canal.  It  is  surrounded  by  a  triple  wall, 
and  is  a  place  of  great  bustle  and  activity. 

Hoei-Ning-Tching,  ho-4*-ning'-ching'  (Mongol. 
Itahida,  bin'di),  a  town  of  Russian  Asia,  15  miles  N.E.  of 
Kooldja. 

IIoci-Tong,  ho-i'-tong',  a  city  of  China,  on  the  E. 
coast  of  the  island  of  Hainan,  60  miles  S.  of  Kiong-Choo. 
The  walls  of  the  town  are  high,  the  streets  paved  and  narrow, 
and  the  houses  built  of  red  brick.     Pop.  45,000. 

Hoei-Ynan-Tching,  the  Chinese  name  of  Kooldja. 

Hockschc-Waard,  or  De  Hoeksche-Waard, 
d?h  h53k'8K?h-^i\Rd',  an  island  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
South  Holland,  bounded  N.  by  the  Old  Meuse,  E.  by  the 
Dortsohe-kil,  S.  by  the  Hollands-Diep,  and  W.  by  the  Spui. 
Pop.  22,000. 

lloellalioe,  hoolMi-le-oo',  a  village  on  the  S.  coast  of 
the  island  of  Ceram.     Pop.  400. 

Hoen-Ho,  ho-fin*-ho',  a  river  of  China,  in  Pe-Chee-Lee, 
joins  the  Pei-Ho  at  Tien-Tsin,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  300 
miles. 

Iloerdt,  hfiat  or  hont,  a  village  of  Germany,  8  miles 
N.  of  Strasburg.     Pop.  1870. 

Iloevlaken,  hoov')4'k?n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
In  (Jelclerland,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Harderwick. 

Iloeylaert,  ho-i'lilnt\  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Bra- 
bant, 7  miles  S.E.  of  B'russels.     Pop.  2350. 

Hoeytiscinen,  ho-I'te-4'n?n,  a  lake  of  Finland,  near 
the  centre  of  the  circle  of  Kuopio.  Length,  30  miles ; 
breadth,  12  miles.  It  communicates  at  the  S.W.  point  with 
Lake  Winijaervi. 

Hof,  hof,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria,  circle  of  Mannharts- 
berg,  on  the  Leytha.     Pop.  1240. 

Ilof,  or  Dworec,  dwo'rdts,  a  town  of  Austria,  in 
Moravia,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Olmutz.     Pop.  3150. 

Hof,  hof,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Saale,  30  miles  by 
rail  N.E.  of  Bayreuth.  Pop.  18,122.  It  has  a  gymnasium 
with  a  large  library,  and  extensive  manufactures  of  mus- 
lins, yarns,  woollen  stuffs,  leather,  and  colors.  There  are 
iron-mines  and  marble-quarries  in  its  vicinity. 

Hotfenheim,  hoff^n-hime^  a  village  of  Baden,  21 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Mannheim.     Pop.  1483. 

HoHlcin,  hof'fline,  or  Homein-bei-Bruck,  hbf- 
flIne-bi-br6ok',  a  village  of  Lower  Austria,  on  the  Leytha, 
near  Bruck.     Pop.  1080. 

Hoflfman,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Richmond  co., 
N.C.,  on  the  Raleigh  <t  Augusta  Air-Line  Railroad,  85  miles 
S.W.  of  Raleigh. 

Hoffman's,  Wayne  co.,  Mich.    See  Canton. 

Hoffman's  Ferry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schenectady  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Glenville  township,  on  the  Mohawk  River,  and  on 
the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  26  miles  N.W.  of  Albany. 

Hoffman's  Wharf,  a  post-office  of  Accomack  co.,  Va. 

Hof-Gastein,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Gastein. 

Hofgeismar,  horghis^man,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Ilesse-Nassau,  on  an  aiBuent  of  the  Weser,  and  on  the 
railway  from  Eisenach  to  Karlshafen,  15  miles  N.W.  of 
Cassel.     Pop.  3897.     It  is  enclosed  by  walls. 

Hof  helm,  hofhlme,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  36  miles  N.E. 
of  WUrzburg.     Pop.  850. 

Hoftieim,  a  village  of  Hesse,  19  miles  S.W.  of  Darm- 
stadt.    Pop.  1403. 

Hof  heim,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassau,  9  miles 
E.  of  Wiesbaden.     Pop.  1934. 

Hof 'hoof ',  El  Hof 'hoof ',  or  Fif,  a  town  of  Arabia, 
capital  of  Lahsa,  4  miles  S.  of  El  Mebarrez.  It  has  a 
strong  citadel  and  some  good  buildings.     Pop.  24,000. 

H5flein,  hof'llne,  Gross,  groce,  or  Nagv,  nSdj,  a  town 
of  Hungary,  oo.  and  10  miles  N.W.  of  Oedenburg. 

Hofstade,  hofst&M^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  on  the  Dender,  18  miles  E.  of  Ghent.    Pop.  2000. 


Hoftcrcn,  hoftil-r^n,  an  island  of  Norway,  off  thecoai^t, 
20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bergen.     Length,  12  miles. 

Hofwyl,  hor*il,  or  Hofwcll,  hof*!!,  a  village  of 
Switzerland,  canton  and  6  miles  N.  of  Bern. 

Ho'gan,  a  township  of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  949. 
It  contains  Wilmington. 

HOganfts,  ho'gl-nd,8\  a  village  of  Sweden,  Iron  of  Mnl- 
miihus,  near  the  N.E.  entrance  of  the  Sound,  37  miles  N. 
of  Copenhagen. 

Hogan  Mountain,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Iron 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  16 
miles  S.  of  Iron  Mountain. 

Ho'gansbnrg,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Bombay  township,  on  the  St.  Regis  River,  2  or  3  miles 
from  its  mouth,  and  about  22  miles  N.W.  of  Malone.  It 
has  a  flour-mill  and  several  general  stores.     P.  about  300. 

Ho'gan's  Land'ing,  a  post-office  of  Caldwell  parish, 
La.,  on  the  Ouachita  River,  8  miles  from  Columbia. 

Ho'ganvilie,  or  Ho'gansvillc,  a  post-village  of 
Troup  CO.,  Ga.,  on  the  Atlanta  A  West  Point  Railroad,  59 
miles  S.S.W,  of  Atlanta.  It  has  6  churches,  a  high  school, 
a  bank,  and  a  newiipaper  office.     Pop.  518. 

Ho'garth's  Land'ing,  a  post-office  of  St.  John's  co., 
Fla.,  on  the  St.  John's  River,  35  miles  S.  of  Jacksonville. 

Hog'back,  or  Hog'buck,  a  township  of  Transylvania 
CO.,  N.C.     Pop.  243. 

Hog  Back  Valley,  post-office,  Transylvania  co.,  N.C. 

Hoge,  ho'ch^h,  an  island  off  the  W.  coast  of  Slcswick, 
16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bredstcdt.     Pop.  416. 

Hoge,  hSg,  a  post-village  of  Leavenworth  co.,  Kansas, 
on  the  Stranger  River,  and  on  the  Leavenworth  Branch  of 
the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Leaven- 
worth.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Hogeland,ho'gh9-I&nd',  Hoghland,or  Hogland, 
hog'lind,  a  small  island  of  Russia,  in  the  Gulf  of  Finland, 
110  miles  W.  of  St.  Petersburg. 

Hogestown,  hogz'tSwn,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Silver  Spring  township,  9  miles  W.  of  Harris- 
burg.  It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  and  2  stores.  It  is  3 
miles  from  Mechanicsburg  Station. 

Hog'ganfield,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Lanark, 
near  Glasgow.     Pop.  552. 

Hog'gard's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baker  co.,  Ga.,  14 
miles  N.W.  of  Camilla.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and 
a  saw-mill. 

Hogg's  Falls,  a  hamlet  of  Ohio  co.,  Ky.,  on  Green 
River,  3  miles  from  Stroud's  Station.    It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Hog'head,  Ireland,  a  promontory  on  the  Atlantic,  N. 
of  the  entrance  of  Kenmare  River. 

Hog  Island,  India,  an  islet  in  the  harbor  of  Bombay. 

Hog  Island,  an  island  off  the  N.E.  extremity  of 
Java,  in  lat.  7°  5'  S.,  Ion.  114°  55'  E.,  is  20  miles  in  circuit. 

Hog  Island,  off  the  W.  coast  of  Sumatra,  is  about  40 
miles  in  length  by  3  miles  in  breadth. 

Hog  Island,  an  island  off  the  S.  extremity  of  Celebes, 
in  lat.  6°  10'  S.,  Ion.  120°  22'  E. 

Hog  Island,  one  of  the  Bahamas,  N.E.  of  New  Prov- 
idence. 

Hog  Island,  off  the  E.  coast  of  Northampton  co.,  Va., 
has  Little  Matchepungo  Inlet  on  the  N.,  Great  Matchepungo 
Inlet  on  the  S.,  and  Broad  Water  Sound  on  the  W.  Its 
light-house  is  in  lat.  37°  23'  16"  N.,  Ion.  75°  41'  35"  W. 

Hog  Island,  a  hamlet  of  Falls  co.,  Tex.,  3  miles  from 
Reagan  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Hog  Islands,  a  cluster  of  islets  off  the  coast  of  Ire- 
land, CO.  of  Kerry,  near  the  mouth  of  Kenmare  River. 

Hog  Isle,  an  island  of  Hancock  co.,  Me.     Pop.  6. 

Hogland,  an  island  of  Russia.     See  IIoggland. 

Hogolen  (ho'go-l5n)  or  Hogolin  (ho'go-lin) 
Islands,  called  also  Hogolou,  Bug,  Bouk,  or 
Trouk,  a  group  in  the  centre  of  the  Carolines,  Paciflo 
Ocean,  in  lat.  7°  N.,  Ion.  152°  E.     Pop.  5000. 

Hog  Biver,  a  small  stream  of  Michigan,  enters  the 
Coldwater  River  in  Branch  co. 

Hog'sties,  a  group  of  dangerous  rocky  islets  of  the 
Bahamas,  West  Indies,  33  miles  N.W.  of  Inagua. 

Hogue,  La,  France.    See  Cape  la  Hague. 

Hogyesz,  hod^yfiss',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Tolna, 
32  miles  N.N.E.  of  Funfkirchen.     Pop.  3070. 

Hohe,  a  mountain-range  of  Germany.    See  Taunits. 

Hohenau,  ho'§n-6w\  or  Hochenau,  hoK'§h-n6w^,  a 
village  of  Lower  Austria,  on  the  Northern  Railway,  45 
miles  N.E.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  2078. 

Hohenbruck,  ho'§n-br5ok%  or  Trxebochowice, 
tzhfl-bo-Ko-'fteet's4,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  7  miles  E.  of  Konig- 
griitz.     Pop.  3030.     It  has  a  manufactory  of  linen. 

Hohenelbe,  ho'^n-drb^h,  or  Hochelbe,  hOK'dl-b^h. 


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1413 


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%  town  of  Bohemia,  on  the  Elbe,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Gitschin. 
It  has  manufactures  of  cambric,  paper,  and  linens.    P.  3733. 

Hohen-Ems,  ho'?n-fims\  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Tyrol, 
10  miles  N.E.  of  Feldkirch.     Pop.  3332. 

Hohenfurt,  ho'§n-fo6nt\  or  Wyssebrod,  *is's§h- 
brot\  a  village  of  Bohemia,  26  miles  S.  of  Budweis. 

Hohenhamein,  ho'?n-hi'm?ln,  a  village  of  Prussia, 
in  Ilanovcr,  'J  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ilildesheim.     Pop.  1100. 

Hohenhaslach,  ho'en-his'liK,  a  village  of  WUrtem- 
berg,  18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Stuttgart. 

Hohenheim,  ho'?n-hime\  a  hamlet  of  WUrtemberg,  4 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Stuttgart,  with  a  school  of  agriculture. 

Hohenleuben,  ho'^n-loi^b^n,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Reuss-Schleitz,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Greitz.     Pop.  2456. 

Ilohenlinden,  ho'§n-lind'§n,  a  village  of  Upper  Ba- 
varia, 20  miles  E.  of  Munich.  It  is  celebrated  for  the  vic- 
tory of  the  French  and  Bavarians,  under  Moreau,  over 
the  Austrians,  under  the  Archduke  John,  December  3j 
1800.     Pop.  920. 

Hohenlin'den,  a  post-ofiSce  of  Chickasaw  oo.,  Miss. 

Ilohenlohe,  ho'^n-lo^^h,  an  ancient  principality  of 
Germany,  in  Franconia,  now  mediatized,  and  mostly  com- 
prised in  the  circle  of  Jaxt,  Wiirtemberg,  but  partly  in 
Bavaria. 

'  Hohenmauth,  ho'(jn-mowr,  or  Wysoke-Meyto, 
♦e-so'k?h-mrto,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  16  miles  E.  of  Chru- 
dim,  on  a  railway.     Pop.,  with  suburbs,  6018. 

Ilohensax,  ho'§n-s4x^,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
of  St.  Gall,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Wildhaus. 

Hohen  Solms,  Germany.    See  Solms. 

Ho'hcn  Solms,  or  Reuss,  ruce  (Ger.  pron.  roice), 
a  post-hamlet  of  Ascension  parish,  La.,  on  the  Mississippi 
River,  9  miles  above  Donaldsonville.  It  has  a  church,  a 
iugar-refinery,  and  several  stores. 

Hohenstadt,  ho'§n-st4tt^  (Moravian,  Hahrzeh,  hib'- 
xhi;,  a  town  of  Moravia,  on  the  Sazawa,  and  on  a  railway, 
25  miles  N.W.  of  Olmutz.     Pop.  1500. 
.  Iloheiistaufen,  ho'?n-stow'f§n,  a  village  of  WUrtem- 
berg, 24  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ulm.     Pop.  1227. 

Ilohenstein,  ho'?n-stine',  or  Olstyneb,  ol'8te-n5b\ 
» town  of  East  Prussia,  78  miles  S.S.W.  of  Kcinigsberg,  on 
the  Amelang.     Pop.  2519. 

Hohenstein,  ho'?n-stIne\  or  Ilohnstein,  h6n'- 
stlne,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Saxony,  on  a  railway,  12  miles 
N.E.  of  Zwickau.  Pop.  5667,  engaged  in  cotton-,  woollen-, 
and  linen-weaving,  and  in  the  manufacture  of  machinery. 

Hohenwestedt,  ho'en-*isH6tt,  a  village  of  Prussia, 
in  Holstoin,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rendsburg.     Pop.  1457. 

Hohenzollern,  ho^en-tsol'l^m,  a  detached  province  of 
Prussia,  consisting  of  the  former  principalities  of  llohcn- 
zollern-IIechingen  and  Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen,  united 
in  1850  to  Prussia.  Area,  441  square  miles.  It  lies  in 
the  Black  Forest  region,  and  is  traversed  by  the  Rough 
Alps  and  other  ridges,  and,  with  some  outlying  parts,  is 
entirely  enclosed  by  Baden  and  Wiirtemberg.  Capital, 
Sigmaringen.     Pop.  66,468. 

Ilo-IIeu,  ho-he'oo',  or  HooHia,  ho-he'i',  a  largo 
town  of  China,  province  of  Hoo-Pe,  on  the  Yang-tse-Kiang, 
260  miles  above  Ilan-Keoo.  It  is  the  scat  of  a  large  trade 
in  grain  and  silk. 

Ilohnstein,  a  town  of  Saxony.    See  Hohenstein. 

Hoho'kus,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bergen  eo.,  N.J.,  in  Ho- 
hokus  township,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  23  miles  N.  of  Jersey 
City.  The  township  contains  8  churches,  2  cotton-factories, 
a  paper-mill,  and  3  carriage-shops.     Pop.  2632. 

Ilohr,  hoR,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassau.  It 
has  manufactures  of  earthenware.     Pop.  1756. 

Ilohscheid,  ho'shite,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  3 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Solingen,  with  cutler-shops  and  lead- 
works.     Pop.  9959. 

Ilohwacht,  ho'*iKt,  a  village  of  Prussia,  on  the  N.E. 
coast  of  Holstein,  with  a  harbor.  It  gives  name  to  Iloh- 
wacht Bay  (Hohwachter  Bucht),  the  S.  part  of  Kiel  Bay. 

Hoicr,  hii'y^r,  originally  Hother,  ho't^r,  a  village  of 
Prussia,  in  Sleswick,  8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Tondern. 

Hoi'sington,  a  post-village  of  Barton  co.,  Kansas,  10 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  South  Bend.  It  has  a  church,  a  bunk,  2 
newspaper  offices,  a  creamery,  <tc. 

Huja-Jamote>Ka-Gote,  ho'ji-ji-mot'-ki-got'  (?), 
a  village  of  Beloochistan,  province  of  Loos. 

Ho'kah,  a  post- village  of  Houston  co.,  Minn.,  10  miles 
S.W.  of  La  Crosse,  Wis.  It  contains  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
Catholic  academy,  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  2  flour- 
mills,  and  railroad  machine-shops.     Pop.  in  189(),  582. 

Hokah  (or  Root)  River,  Minnesota,  drains  the  S. 
part  of  Olmsted  co.,  runs  nearly  eastward  through  Fill- 
more and  Houston  cos.,  and  enters  the  Mississippi  River 


about  4  miles  below  the  city  of  La  Crosse.  Its  length  in 
estimated  at  150  miles. 

Hoke,  a  station  in  York  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Hanover  &  York 
Railroad,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Hanover. 

Ilok^endau'qua,  a  post-village  of  Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Lehigh  River,  and  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  4 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Allentown,  and  1  mile  above  Catasau- 
qua.  Here  are  4  or  5  large  blast-furnaces,  one  of  which  is 
said  to  have  produced  about  360  tons  of  pig-iron  in  a  week. 

Hoke's  Blnff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Etowah  co.,  Ala.,  on 
Coosa  River,  8  miles  above  Gadsden.  It  has  a  church  and 
flour-  and  saw-mills. 

Hokianga,  ho-ke-in'gi,  a  river  of  New  Zealand,  in 
the  North  Island,  enters  the  sea  on  its  AV.  coast,  near  the  N. 
extremity,  in  lat.  35°  30'  S.,  Ion.  173°  26'  E. 

Ho-Kien,  ho'-ke-fin',  or  Ho-Kian,  ho-ke-in',  t^ 
town  of  China,  in  Pe-Chee-Lee,  between  the  Tai-Uo  and 
the  Hoo-To-Ho,  100  miles  S.S.W.  of  Peking. 

Hokitika,  ho^ke-tee'ki,  a  town  and  seaport  of  New 
Zealand,  capital  of  the  county  of  Westland,  on  the  AV.  coast 
of  the  South  Island,  at  the  mouth  of  Hokitika  River.  It 
has  numerous  churches  and  schools,  a  savings-bank,  a  luna- 
tic asylum,  a  hospital,  saw-mills,  a  foundry,  brick-yards, 
and  a  large  export  of  timber  and  gold.  Several  daily  and 
weekly  papers  are  published  here.     Pop.  2905. 

Ho'ko,  a  post-office  of  Clallam  co.,  Washington. 

Hol'aday's,  a  post-office  of  Adair  co.,  Iowa. 

Ho'lar  (Dan.  Holum,  ho'loom),  a  village  of  Iceland,  on 
its  N.  coast,  having  a  cathedral,  a  printing  establishment, 
and  a  school.     It  became  a  bishop's  see  in  1106. 

Hol'beach,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lincoln,  7i 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Spalding.  It  is  very  ancient,  and  has  a 
fine  Gothic  church,  a  free  school  founded  about  1351,  a 
workhouse,  and  branch  banks.     Pop.  of  parish,  5332. 

Hol'beck,  a  southwestern  suburb  of  Leeds,  England, 
with  large  woollen-mills.     Pop.  17,165. 

Holbek,  or  Holbeck,  hol'bfik,  a  seaport  town  of  Den- 
mark, island  of  Seeland,  on  an  arm  of  the  Ise-Fiord,  35 
miles  W.  of  Copenhagen.     Pop.  2931. 

Holbrook,  hol'brOok,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co.,  Ky., 
8  miles  W.  of  Mason  Railroad  Station. 

Holbrook,  formerly  East  Ran'dolph,  a  post-vil- 
lage and  township  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  15  miles  by  rail 
S.  of  Boston.  The  village  has  a  town  hall,  a  high  school, 
3  churches,  a  free  public  library,  a  bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  manufactures  of  boots  and  shoes.     Pop.  2474. 

Holbrook,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Long  Island  Railroad,  50  miles  E.  of  Hunter's  Point.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  large  cigar-factory. 

Holbrook,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co..  Pa. 

Holbrook,  a  post-office  of  Ritchie  co.,  AV.  Va. 

Hol'brook,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  co.,  Ontario,  10 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Woodstock.     Pop.  150. 

Holcomb,  hol'kum,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ogle  co..  111.,  on 
the  Chicago  &  Iowa  Railroad  (Rockford  Branch),  13  miles 
S.  of  Rockford.     It  has  a  church. 

Holcomb,  a  township  of  Dunklin  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  608. 

Holcombe,  bol'kum,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burke  co.,  Ga. 

Holcomb's  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co.,  V'a 

Holcomb  Valley,  a  mining-camp  of  San  Bernardino 
CO.,  Cal..  about  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  San  Bernardino. 

Hold'brook's,  township,  Cabarrus  co.,  N.C.    P.  1115. 

Holden,  hol'den,  a  station  on  the  Stockton  &,  Copper* 
opolis  Railroad,  11  miles  E.  of  Stockton,  Cal. 

Holden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas,  about  16 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Newton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Holden,  a  post-township  of  Penobscot  eo..  Me.,  about 
6  miles  S.E.  of  Bangor.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  758. 

Holden,  a  post-village  in  Holden  township,  AVorcester 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Fitchburg  Railroad  and  the  Massachu- 
setts Central  Railroad  (Quinapoxet  Station),  52  miles  AV. 
of  Boston,  and  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  AVorcester.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  cotton-mill,  Ac.  The  town- 
ship contains  Jeffersonville,  and  a  pop.  in  1890,  of  2623. 

Holden,  a  post-hamlet  in  Holden  township,  Goodhue 
CO.,  Minn.,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Northfield,  and  52  miles  S.  of 
St.  Paul.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1303. 

Holden,  a  flourishing  post-village  in  Madison  township, 
Johnson  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  43  miles 
AV.  of  Sedalia,  and  50  miles  S.E.  of  Kansas  City.  It  is  the 
E.  terminus  of  the  Osage  division  of  the  Missouri,  Kansas 
<fc  Texas  Railroad.  It  has  10  churches,  a  public  school,  % 
banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  flour-mills,  and  a  broom- 
factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  2520. 

Holden,  a  post- village  of  Millard  co.,  Utah,  75  miles 
S.S.W.  of  York  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church  and  2 
stores.     Pop.  about  300. 


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1414 


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Hold'er,  a  pwrt-hnnilet  of  McLean  oo.,  T!!.,  In  Old 
Town  town.ihip,  on  the  WHbwh  lUilroad,  10  miles  E.  of 
Bloominftton.     It  hiu  2  churohe*. 

Ilold'erbaum,  a  sUttion  In  Bedford  oo.,  Pa.,  12  miles 
by  a  brunch  railroad  N.  of  Bedford. 

Hold'ernesB,  a  lerel  and  fertile  district  of  England, 
«o.  of  York,  East  Riding,  consisting  of  the  tongue  of  land 
between  tlie  North  Sea  and  the  estuarj  of  the  Humbor. 
Area,  1«8,399  aorcs.     Pop.  25,679. 

Hold'erness^  a  post-township  of  Qrafton  co.,  N.II., 
ta  on  the  W.  side  of  Squam  Lake.  It  is  iM>nnded  on 
the  W.  bv  the  Peniigewasset  River,  which  separates  it  from 
Plymouth.     Pop.  793. 

Ilold'iitKf  "  township  of  Steams  oo.,  Minn.     Pop.  4.13. 

Iluld'iiig's  Ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stonrnsco.,  Minn., 
on  the  Sunk  River.     It  has  2  churches,  a  gri»t-mill,  Ac. 

Holdrege,  hSI'dr^j,  a  city,  capital  of  Phelps  co..  Neb., 
65  miles  by  rail  W.8.W.  of  Hastings.  It  has  7  churches,  4 
banks,  4  newspaper  offices,  a  foundry,  Ac.     Pop.  2601, 

Iloleilsdorl',  Austria.     See  OBBR-noLi.ABiiUN.«». 

Hole  ill  the  Wail,  a  light-house  at  the  S.  extremity 
of  Abaoo  Island,  one  of  the  Little  Bahamas.  It  stands  one- 
third  of  a  mile  N.  of  the  passage  called  the  Hole  in  the 
Wall,  and  shows  a  revolving  light,  160  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  sea,  in  lat.  25°  61'  30"  N.,  Ion.  77°  10'  45"  W. 

Iloleftchowitz,  or  Hollesowice,  h&lM^h-sho'i^its, 
a  village  of  Bohemia,  on  the  Maldau,  2  miles  from  Prague. 

Hol'gate,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  0.,  13  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Defiance.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banlcs,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  I  umber- factories.     Pop.  in  1890,  1134. 

Holgiiin,  hol-gheen'  or  ol-gheen',  a  town  of  Cuba,  63 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Santiago  de  Cuba.     Pop.  6600. 

Holies,  or  Ilolitsch,  ho'litch',  a  town  of  Hungary,  46 
miles  N.  of  Presburg,  near  the  March.  Pop.  4939.  It  has 
an  imperial  castle  and  stud,  a  synagogue,  a  Capuchin  con- 
vent, and  manufactures  of  pottery,  <fec. 

Ilol'iday's  Cove,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co.,W.  Va., 
on  the  I'an-II.indle  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Steubenville. 

Ilolin,  a  city  of  Mongolia.     See  KAnAKORUM. 

Holitz,  ho'lits,  or  Neu  Holitz,  noi  ho'lits,  a  town  of 
Bohemia,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Chrudim.  A  battle  was  fought 
here  in  1758  between  the  Prussians  and  the  Imperialists. 
Pop.  4220. 

Ilolkar's  Dominions,  India.    See  Ixdork. 

Hol'laiid  (Dutch  pron.  hol'lAnt;  originally  OUant,  i.e., 
"muddy"  or  "  marshy  land  ;"  ¥r.  HoUande,  hoV\b^d' ;  L. 
Bata'via  and  Hollan'dia),  the  name  sometimes  given  to 
the  kingdom  of  the  Netherlands,  though,  strictly  speaking, 
it  should  be  applied  only  to  the  provinces  of  North  and 
South  Holland.  This  name  was  associated  with  that  king- 
dom for  four  years  (1806-1810),  under  the  rule  of  Louis 
Bonaparte,  and  during  that  time  the  kingdom  of  Holland 
included  nearly  all  of  the  present  kingdom  of  the  Nether- 
lands, together  with  part  of  Hanover  and  Oldenburg.  See 
NETHERLANns,  also  NoRTH  HoLi-AND  and  South  Hollasd. 

Holland,  or  Preussisch  Holland,  prois'sish  hol'- 
lint,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  58  miles  S.W.  of  Konigsberg. 
Pop.  4718. 

Hol'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Faulkner  co..  Ark.,  14  miles 
from  Conway.     It  has  a  church  and  a  store. 

Holland,  a  township  of  Shelby  co..  111.     Pop.  1352. 

Holland,  a  post-village. of  Dubois  co.,  Ind.,  in  Cass 
township,  38  miles  E.N.E.  of  Evansville.    It  has  3  churches. 

Holland,  a  post-village  in  Colfax  township,  Grundy 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Farmers'  Union  Railroad,  3  miles  from 
Grundy  Centre.     It  has  a  flour-miil. 

Holland,  a  township  of  Sioux  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  2208. 
It  contains  Orange  City,  the  county  seat. 

Holland,a  township  of  Dickinson  CO.,  Kansas.    P.  461. 

Holland,  a  post-township  of  Hampden  CO.,  Mass.,  about 
24  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Springfield.    It  has  a  church.     P.  201. 

Holland,  a  city  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich.,  in  Holland  town- 
ship, on  the  S.  bank  of  Black  River,  and  on  the  Chicago 
A  West  Michigan  Railroad,  about  6  miles  from  Lalte 
Michigan,  36  miles  S.  of  Muskegon,  23  miles  N.W.  of 
Allegan,  and  25  miles  S.W.  of  Grand  Rapids,  with  which 
city  it  is  connected  by  a  branch  railroad.  It  contains  2 
banks,  a  union  school,  Hope  College  (Reformed),  which 
was  org.inized  in  1863,  and  7  churches.  Six  weekly  news- 
papers are  published  here,  4  in  Dutch  and  2  in  English. 
It  has  3  large  tanneries,  2  grist-mills,  2  saw-mills,  a  foundry, 
ft  brewery,  a  large  basket-factory,  3  furniture-factories, 
and  3  planing-mills.  Pop.  in  1890,  3945.  Here  is  a  beau- 
tiful lake  6  miles  long. 

Holland,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co..  Neb. 

Holland,  a  post-office  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Belvidere  Delaware  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Phillipsbnrg. 


Holland,  a  post-village  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Hollnnd 
township,  on  Caienovo  Creek,  and  on  the  Buffalo,  Now  York 
A  Philadelphia  Railroad,  20  niilcrf  S.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has 
4  churches,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  a  basket-fao- 
torv,  a  tannery,  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  582. 

Holland,  a  post-village  of  Lucas  co.,  0-,  on  the  Lake 
Shore  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Toledo.     It  has  2  churches. 

Holland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Phil- 
adel])hia,  Newtown  A  New  York  Railroad,  about  20  mile* 
N.E.  of  Philadelphia. 

Holland,  a  post-township  of  Orleans  co  ,  Vt.,  about  60 
miles  N.E.  of  Montpelier,  borders  on  Canada.  It  has  2 
churches  and  3  saw-mills.     Pop.  881. 

Holland,  a  post-village  of  Brown  co..  Wis.,  in  Holland 
township,  3  miles  from  Hoi.i.Axn  Station  (which  see),  nnd 
27  miles  N.E.  of  Oshkosh.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1489. 

Holland,  a  township  of  La  Crosse  co.,  Wis.,  lK>unded 
N.  and  W.  by  Black  River.     Pop.  863. 

Holland,  a  township  of  Sheboygan  co.,  Wis.     P.  2937. 

Holland  Island,  Dorchester  co.,  Md.,  is  an  island  in 
Chesapeake  Bay,  W.  of  Tangier  Sound. 

Holland  Land'ing,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Onta- 
rio, on  the  Holland  River,  and  on  the  Northern  Railway, 
38  miles  N.  of  Toronto.  It  contains  saw-,  grist-,  and  woollen- 
mills,  a  tannery,  and  a  brewery.     Pop.  700. 

Holland,  New,  the  former  name  of  ArsTRAi.iA. 

Holland,  Parts  of,  a  district  of  England,  forming  a 
diviaion  of  the  county  of  Lincoln  on  the  S.E.,  and  having 
E.  the  North  Sea.  Area,  317,486  acres.  Pop.  80,851.  Hol- 
land Fen,  in  this  district,  is  a  tract  now  enclosed  and  drained, 
comprising  8835  acres. 

Ilolland  Pat'ent,  a  post-village  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Utica  A  Black  River  Railroad,  12  miles  N.  of  Utica, 
and  5  miles  S.W.  of  Trenton  Falls.  It  contains  several 
churches  and  a  union  school.     Pop.  406. 

Hol'lands,  a  post-office  of  Issaquena  co..  Miss. 

HolMandsbnrg,  a  hamlet  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.,  in  Union 
township,  9  miles  E.  of  Rockville.     It  has  a  church. 

Hollands-Diep,hori4nts-decp^  (Fr.  Dieppe,A>i-i^\t'), 
the  principal  arm  of  the  Waal,  between  South  Holland  and 
North  Brabant,  Netherlands,  divides,  after  a  course  of  14 
miles,  into  the  Haringvliet  and  Yolkerak,  the  two  largest 
mouths  of  the  Rhine,  encircling  the  island  of  Overflakkee. 

Holland's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C, 
13i  miles  S.W.  of  Anderson  Court-Uouse.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  grist-mill. 

Holland  Station,  formerly  Askeaton,  a  post-ham- 
let of  Brown  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad, 
about  17  miles  S.  of  Green  Bay. 

Hol'landville,  a  post-office  of  Kent  co.,  Del. 

Hol'lansburg,  a  post-village  of  Darke  co.,  0.,  in  Har- 
rison township,  about  38  miles  W.N.W.  of  Dayton.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  plough-factory,  a  saw-mill,  and  2  carriage- 
shops.     Pop.  239. 

Hol'lenback,  a  township  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.     P.  1303. 

Hol'lenberg,  a  post- village  of  Washington  co.,  Kansas, 
on  the  Little  Blue  River,  and  on  the  St.  Joseph  A  Denver 
City  Railroad,  24  miles  W.N.W.  of  Maysville.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Hol'lengsworth,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.C, 
Pop.  695. 

Holleschan,  or  Holleschow,  hol'l?h-sh6w^  a  town 
of  Moravia,  18  miles  N.  of  Hradisch,  on  the  Russawa.  It 
has  a  church,  a  fine  castle,  a  town  house,  3  chapels,  and  a 
synagogue.     Pop.  3839. 

Hollesowice,  Bohemia.    See  HoLESciiowrrz. 

Hoi 'ley,  a  post-village  in  Murray  township,  Orleans 
CO.,  N.y.,  on  tlie  Erie  Canal  and  the  New  York  Central  Rail- 
road, 224  miles  W.N.W.  of  Rochester,  and  8  miles  E.  of 
Albion.  It  has  5  churches,  a  union  school  and  academy,  a 
bank,  a  cider-  and  vinegar- works,  a  sash-,  door-,  and  blind- 
factory,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  1381. 

Holley's,  a  station  in  Bent  co.,  Col.,  on  the  Atchison, 
Topeka  A  Santa  Fe  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Granada. 

Hollfeld,  holl'ffilt,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Upper  Fran- 
conia,  13  miles  W.  of  Baireuth.     Pop.  1041. 

HolMiday,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co..  III.,  on  or  near 
the  Kaskaskia  River,  and  on  the  Springfield  division  of  the 
Ohio  A  Mississippi  Railroad,  63  miles  S.E.  of  Springfield. 
It  has  2  churches,  grist-  and  saw-mills,  Ac. 

Holliday,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri,  Kansas  A  Texas  Railrojvd,  60  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Hannibal.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores.     Pop.  about  100. 

Holliday,  a  station  in  Tioga  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Corning, 
Cowanesque  A  Antrim  Railroad,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Wells- 
borough. 


IIOL 


1415 


HOL 


I 


HoI'lidaysburg,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Blair  cc, 
Pa.,  is  on  a  branch  of  the  Juniata  River,  8  miles  S.  of 
Altoona,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  branch  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad.  It  is  at  the  junction  of  branch 
railroads  to  Newry,  Henrietta,  Ac.  It  contains  8  churches, 
a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  a  female  seminary,  a  town 
hall,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  machine-shops,  several  blast- 
furnaces, a  nail-factory,  rolling-raills,  foundries,  Ac.  It 
has  an  extensive  trade  in  iron  and  grain.     P.  (1890)  2975. 

Hol'liii)  a  post-village  in  Wellington  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Conestogo  River,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Drayton.  It  con- 
tains carding-,  grist-,  and  saw-mills,  shingle-  and  cheese- 
factories,  a  tannery,  a  brick-field,  several  stores,  and  hotels. 
Pop.  400. 

Ilol'ling,  a  post-office  of  Douglas  co.,  Kansas. 

Hol'lingsworth,  a  post-ofiice  of  Banks  co.,  Qa.,  38 
miles  N.  of  Athens. 

Hol'lingwood,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster, 
li  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Oldham.     Pop.  5004. 

Ilollins,  Maryland.    See  Lakh  Roland. 

Ilol'lis,  a  post-hamlet  in  Holiis  township,  Peoria  CO., 
111.,  on  the  Peoria,  Pekin  &  Jacksonville  Railroad,  at  its 
junction  with  the  Toledo,  Peoria  <fc  Warsaw  Railroad,  1 
mile  W.  of  the  Illinois  River,  and  2^  miles  W.  of  Pekin. 
Coal  is  found  here.     Pop.  of  the  township,  980. 

HolliS)  a  post-township  of  York  co.,  Me.,  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  Saco  River,  It  contains  2  post-hamlets, 
named  IloUis  and  Holiis  Centre.  The  township  has  6 
churches,  several  lumber-mills,  and  a  pop.  of  1541. 

Holiis,  a  post-village  in  Holiis  township,  Hillsborough 
CO.,  N.H.,  about  15  miles  N.W.  of  Lowell,  Mass.,  and  .S  miles 
from  Holiis  Station  of  the  Worcester  <fc  Nashua  Railroad. 
It  has  a  church,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  several 
taw-mills,  a  cooperage,  Ac.     Pop.  1000. 

Holiis  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Holiis  township,  York 
CO.,  Me.,  on  the  Portland  A  Rochester  Railroad,  20  miles 
W.  of  Portland.     It  has  a  church  and  several  saw  mills. 

Holiis  Junction,  Illinois.    See  Hollis. 

Hol'lister,  a  post-village,  capital  of  San  Benito  co., 
Cal.,  in  the  beautiful  and  fertile  San  Benito  Valley,  on  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  94  miles  S.S.E.  of  San  Francisco. 
It  has  5  churches,  graded  schools,  2  banks,  2  public  halls, 
8  hotels,  and  a  steam  flour-mill.  Three  newspapeffi  are 
published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  12.34. 

Hollister,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Potomac  River,  30  miles  from  Fredericksburg. 

Hol'listerviile,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co..  Pa.,  in 
:i5alem  township,  about  14  miles  E.  of  Scranton.  It  has  a 
foundry,  a  grist-mill,  and  several  general  stores. 

Hol'iiston,  a  post-village  in  HoUiston  township,  Mid- 
dlesex CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston  A  Albany  Railroad  (Mil- 
ford  Branch),  26  miles  S.W.  of  Boston.  It  contains  4 
churches,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  high  school,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  a  free  public  library.  The  township 
has  manufactures  of  boots,  shoes,  and  straw  goods.  Gneiss 
and  syenite  occur  here.     Pop.  of  township  (1890)  2619. 

Hol'lofields,  a  station  on  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Rail- 
road. 18  miles  W.  of  Baltimore,  Md. 

Hol'loman,  a  township  of  Darlington  co.,  S.C.   P.  1590. 

Hol'lonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co.,  Ga.,  13  miles 
P.W.  of  Griffin.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

HoI'low,  a  township  of  Bladen  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1243. 

Hol'loway's,  a  post-township  of  Person  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  1279.     It  contains  Bethel  Hill. 

Hol'loway's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Surry  co.,  "Va. 

Hol'lowayville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bureau  co..  111.,  9 
miles  E.  of  Princeton,  and  3  miles  from  De  Pue  Station. 
It  has  a  church. 

Hollow  Creek,  a  township  of  Lexington  co,,  S.C, 
Pop.  1315. 

Ilol'iowell  Grant,  a  village  in  Antigonish  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  St,  George's  Bay,  10  miles  from  Antigonish. 
fop,  150. 

Hollow  Poplar,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.,  N.C. 

HolloAV  Poplar,  a  townshipof  Yancey  CO.,  N.C,  P.  382. 

Hollow  Kock,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Tenn.,  9 
tniles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Huntingdon.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  707. 

Hollow  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cannon  co.,  Tenn., 
Iibout  12  miles  N.E.  of  Wartrace.     It  has  a  church. 

Hol'lowtOAVn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Highland  co.,  0.,  in 
Clay  township,  40  miles  E.  of  Cincinnati.     It  has  3  churches. 

Hol'lowville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y., 
kbout  7  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Hudson. 

Hollum,  hol'lum,  a  village  of  the   Netherlands,   in 
Friesland,  on  the  S.W.  end  of  the  island  of  Ameland. 
•    IIolMf ,  a  post-village  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich,,  in  Holly 


township,  on  the  Detroit  A  Milwaukee  Railroad  where 
it  crosses  the  Flint  A  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  47  mile« 
N.W.  of  Detroit,  and  17  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Flint.  It  haa 
5  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  vinegar,  patent  rein- 
holders,  and  lumber.     Pop.  1266;  of  the  township,  1962. 

Holly,  a  township  of  Murray  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  154. 

Hoi  ly,  a  township  of  New  Hanover  co.,  N.C,  Pop.  1016. 

Holly  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Bradley  co..  Ark. 

Holly  Brook,  a  hamlet  of  Bland  co.,  Va.,  22  miles  W. 
of  Dublin  Station.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Holly  Bush,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cleveland  co.,  N.C,  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Shelby.  It  has  a  seminarj',  a  flour-mill,  and 
an  oil-mill. 

Holly  Creek,  a  hamlet  of  Murray  co.,  Ga.,  6  miles  S. 
of  Spring  Place. 

Ilolly  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Wise  co.,  Va. 

Hol'lydale,apost-hamlet  of  Lunenburg  co.,  Va.,  about 
80  miles  S.S.W.  of  Richmond. 

Ho  I  My  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Walker  co.,  Ala. 

Holly  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Ark.,  on 
the  Arkansas  Central  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of  Clarendon. 
It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Holly  Grove,  a  township  of  Gates  co.,  N.C.  Pop.  1213. 

Holly  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Moore  co.,  N.C, 

Holly  Hill,  a  post- village  of  Volusia  co.,  Fla.,  on  Hal- 
ifax River,  1  mile  from  the  ocean,  and  about  60  miles  S.  of 
St.  Augustine.     It  has  a  church. 

Holly  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Whitley  co.,  Ky. 

Holly  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Charleston  co.,  S.C. 

Holly  Meadows,  a  post-office  of  Tucker  co.,  W.  Va. 

Hol'lymonnt,  a  petty  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Mayo, 
4  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ballinrobe.     Pop.  278. 

Holly  River,  a  post-office  of  Braxton  co.,  W.  Va. 

Hol'lyrood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ellsworth  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Wilson  township,  12  miles  S.  of  Wilson  (Bosland  Station), 
on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad.  It  has  a  church.  Coal  and 
limestone  are  found  here. 

Holly  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dallas  co..  Ark.,  20 
miles  from  Arkadelphia,  and  about  75  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Little  Rock.     It  has  4  cliurches  and  an  academy. 

Holly  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  6a. 

Holly  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Claiborne  parish. 
La.,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Homer. 

Holly  Springs,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Marshall  co., 
Miss.,  75  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Grenada,  and  about  46 
miles  S.E.  of  Memphis,  Tenn.  It  is  pleasantly  situated, 
and  is  noted  for  its  educational  institutions.  It  contains 
the  Mississippi  State  Normal  School,  founded  in  1870,  the 
Shaw  University,  the  Franklin  Female  College,  the  Beth- 
lehem Academy  (Catholic),  5  churches,  a  bank,  2  weekly 
newspapers,  a  grist-mill,  and  manufactures  of  stoneware, 
Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  2246. 

Holly  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Wake  co.,  N.C. 

Holly  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Oconee  co.,  S.C. 

Holly  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Jasper  co.,  Tex. 

Holly's  Wharf,  a  post-office  of  Chowan  co.,  N.C,  on 
the  Chowan  River.     Here  is  a  steamboat-landing. 

Hol'lyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  3  miles 
from  Harbeson  Station. 

Hol'lywood,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Down,  on 
Belfast  Lough,  4J  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Belfast.  In  its 
vicinity,  which  is  very  beautiful,  are  many  handsome  man- 
sions and  villas,  the  residences  of  Belfast  merchants,  whose 
families  also  resort  here  for  sea-bathing.     Pop.  3573. 

Hol'lywood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clark  co..  Ark.,  10  miles 
W.  of  Arkadelphia,  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
saw-mill. 

HollyAVOOd,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Richmond  co,, 
Qa.,  on  the  Central  Railroad,  14  miles  S.  by  E,  of  Augusta. 

Hollywood,  a  post-hamlet  of  St,  Mary's  co.,  Md., 
about  48  miles  S.  of  Annapolis. 

Hollywood,  a  township  of  Carver  co.,  Minn,     P.  809. 

Hollywood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carteret  co.,  N.C,  on 
Bogue  Sound,  and  on  the  Atlantic  A  North  Carolina  Rail- 
road, about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Newbern,  and  6  miles  from 
the  ocean.     It  has  a  church  and  a  warehouse. 

Holman,  hol'man,  a  post-office  of  Dearborn  co,,  Ind. 

Holman,  a  township  of  Osceola  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  338. 
It  contains  Sibley,  the  county  seat. 

Holman,  Wisconsin.    See  Holmen. 

Holman  City,  a  hamlet  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Paris 
township.     Pop.  75. 

Holman's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Davie  co.,  N.C,  4i  mile* 
N.  of  Mocksville. 

Holman's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Alamance  co.,  N.C. 

Holmau's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co..  Mo. 


Hl>L 


1419 


IIOL 


Holman  Station^  a  poat-hamlot  ofSoott  co.,  Ind.,  on 
%  branch  of  th«  Ohio  A,  MiwiMippi  Railroad,  33  niiloa  N.  bjr 
B.  of  JeTononville.  It  haa  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  2 
or  3  ttorca.     Pup.  125. 

IlolmanvillCt  horm«n-vII,  or  Ilolmansville,  hQl'- 
m^ni-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Robertson  oo.,  Tcnn.,  6  miles 
from  Adiiins  Station. 

Holmdcl)  hOm-del',  a  post-village  of  Monmouth  co., 
K.J.,  in  Ilolmdol  township,  about  7  miles  W.  of  Red  Bank, 
and  3  or  4  milos  S.  of  ilolmdel  Station.  It  contains  2 
churches  and  an  academy.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1415. 
Uolmdel  Station  on  the  New  York  &  Long  Branoli  Rail- 
road is  at  Bethany,  a  hamlot  31  miles  S.  of  New  York. 

Holme)  home,  a  parish  of  Orkney,  in  Pomona,  on  Holme 
Sound,  a  beautiful  flrth  on  the  S.  coast  of  Pomona.  Several 
■mall  islets  of  the  Orkneys  bear  this  prefix. 

Ilolnicn,  or  Ilolman,  horm9.n,  a  post-hamlet  of  La 
Cro.xso  CO.,  Wis.,  2  miles  from  Midway.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Holmes,  humz,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Florida, 
has  an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Choctawhatchee  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level ; 
the  soil  produces  rice,  sugar-cane,  and  maize.  It  is  traversed 
by  the  Louisville  &  ^nshville  Railroad.  Capital,  Corro 
Gordo.     Pop.  in  1870,  1572  ;  in  1880,  2170;  in  1890,  4,H.36. 

Holmes,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Mississippi, 
bas  an  area  of  about  750  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
S.E.  by  the  Big  Black  River,  and  intersected  by  the  Yazoo 
River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  cov- 
ered with  forests  and  cypress  swamps.  The  soil  is  very  fer- 
tile. Cotton,  Indian  cum,  and  pork  are  the  staple  producta. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad, 
the  Yazoo  Branch  (Louisiana  Division)  of  which  passes 
through  Lexington,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in 
1870,  19,370;  in  1880,  27,164;  in  1890,  30,970. 

Holmes,  a  county  in  the  N.£.  central  part  of  Ohio,  has 
an  area  of  about  436  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  from  N. 
to  S.  into  two  almost  equal  portions  by  Kiilbuok  Creek,  and 
is  partly  drained  by  the  Walhonding  River.  The  surface  is 
diversified  with  hills  about  500  feet  high,  separated  by  deep 
ravines  and  narrow  valleys,  and  a  largo  part  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats, 
hay,  wool,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
has  mines  of  bituminous  coal,  and  abundance  of  limestone. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Cleveland,  Akron  &  Columbus  Rail- 
road and  by  the  Cleveland  A  Canton  Railroad,  the  former 
communicating  with  Millersburg,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870.  18,177;  in  1880,  20,776;  in  1890,  21,139. 

Holmes,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Boone  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  &  Lafayette  Railroad,  23  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Indianapolis. 

Holmes,  a  township  of  Mackinac  oo.,  Mich.,  on  Lake 
Huron.     Pop.  798. 

Holmes,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  0.     Pop.  1572. 

Holraesburg,  homz'burg,  a  former  village  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, about  10  miles  N.E.  of  Independence  Hall,  nnd  1  mile 
from  the  Delaware  River.  It  is  now  in  the  23d  ward  of 
Philadelphia.  It  has  5  churches,  print-works,  and  a  shovel- 
factory.  The  Ilolmesburg  post-office  is  a  branch  of  the  Phil- 
adelphia post-office.  Here  are  Holmcsburg  Junction,  where 
the  railroad  to  Bustleton  joins  the  Philadelphia  <fc  Trenton 
Railroad,  and  Holmesburg  Station,  which  is  on  the  branch 
road  to  Bustleton,  1  mile  from  the  junction. 

Holmes  (homz)  City,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  co., 
Minn.,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Morris,  and  at  the  N.  extremity  of 
Grant's  Lake.  The  township  of  Holmes  City  contains  also 
Blackwell's,  Rachel,  Oscar,  Freeborn,  Van  Loon,  and  other 
lakes.     Pop.  750. 

Holmes  Creek,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Tenn. 

Holmes  Gap,  a  station  of  Cullman  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
South  tb  North  Alabama  Railroad,  28  miles  S.  of  Decatur. 

Holmes'  (homz'^s)  Hole,  Mass.  See  Yi^EYAno 
Havrx. 

Holmes'  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Jefiferson  co.,  0. 

Ilolmestrand,  hoI'mSh-str&nd^  a  seaport  town  of 
Norway,  on  the  Drammen-Fiord,  34  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chris- 
tiania.     Pop.  2084. 

Holmesville,  homz'vll,  a  hamlet  of  Appling  co.,  Ga., 
about  95  miles  W.S.W.  of  Savannah,  and  8  miles  S.E.  of 
Baxley.     It  has  a  church. 

Holmesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  50  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Chicago.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Holmesville,  a  post-village  of  Avoyelles  parish.  La., 
on  Bayou  Boeuf,  30  miles  N.  of  Opelousas.     It  has  a  church. 

Holmesville,  a  post-village  of  Pike  co..  Miss.,  on  the 
Bogue  Chitto,  10  miles  E.  of  Magnolia.     It  has  a  church. 

Holmesville,  a  post-village  of  Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  in 


New  Berlin  township,  on  the  Unndilla  River,  and  on  a 
branch  of  the  New  York  &  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  about 
40  miles  N.E.  of  Binghamton.  It  has  a  church,  a  cheese- 
factory,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  150. 

Holmesville,  a  village  of  Cswcgo  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Syracuse  Northern  Railroad,  34  miles  N.  of  Syracuse.  It 
contains  2  churches  and  a  tannery.  Hero  is  South  Richland 
Post-Office, 

Holmesville,  a  post-village  of  Holmes  oo.,  0.,  in 
Prairie  township,  on  Killbuck  Creek,  6  miles  by  rail  N.  of 
Millersburg.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  broom-fuctory,  Poi), 
about  400. 

Ilolmforth,  hom'fprth,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
0  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Iluddcrsficld.     Pop.  5613. 

Ilolmia,  the  Latin  name  of  Stockholm. 

Holmlie,  holm'lce,  a  post-office  of  Big  Stone  co.,  Minn. 

Holmon,  hoi'mon,  or  C>olma,  gol'm&,  an  islanil  of 
Sweden,  in  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia,  20  miles  E.  of  Umc4.  Lat, 
63°  40'  N.;  Ion.  21°  E. 

Holms,  hums,  two  islets  of  England  and  Wales,  in  the 
estuary  of  the  river  Severn. 

Holmsland,  holms'l&nd,  an  island  of  Denmark,  in 
Jutland,  in  the  Ringkicibing-Fiord,  about  1  mile  N.N.W.  of 
the  town  of  Ringkiiibing. 

Holmwood,  hSlm'wood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jewell  co., 
Kansas,  in  Holmwood  township,  40  miles  S.  of  Edgar,  Neb. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  Baptist  theological  school. 

Holomauc,  the  Moravian  name  of  Olmutz. 

Jlolouan,  Persia.    See  Holwan. 

Holstcbroe,  hol'st^h-bro^h,  or  HolstebrO,  hol'- 
8t§h-bro\  a  town  of  Denmark,  in  Jutland,  24  miles  N.E. 
of  Ringkiobing,  on  the  Stor.     Pup.  2047. 

Holstein,  hol'stino  (L.  HoUa'tia),  formerly  a  duchy 
of  Denmark  and  a  state  of  the  Germanic  Confederation, 
now  part  of  Sleswick-IIolstein,  a  province  of  Prussia.  See 
Sleswick-IIolsteix. 

Holstein,  hol'stine,  a  post-office  of  Kane  co.,  III. 

Holstein,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co..  Mo.,  on  the  N. 
bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  about  60  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis. 
It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Holstein,  hol'stine,  a  post-village  in  Grey  co.,  Ontario, 
5  miles  N.  of  Mount  Forest.     Pop.  100. 

Holsteinthor,  hol'stlno-tuR',  a  village  of  Germany, 
forming  a  suburb  of  Lubeck.     Pop.  1400. 

Holston,  hol'stgn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
Va.,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Abingdon.  It  has  a  church,  a  foun- 
dry, and  a  saw-mill. 

Holston  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
North  Fork  of  the  Holston,  22  miles  W.  of  Bri.'tol,  Tenn. 

Holston  Fur'nace,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co., 
Tenn.,  7i  miles  S.E.  of  Bristol.     Hero  is  an  iron-funiaco. 

Holston  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Holston  River,  3  miles  from  Union  Depot. 

Holston  River,  a  branch  of  the  Tennessee  River,  is 
formed  by  the  North  and  South  Forks,  which  rise  in  Vir- 
ginia and  unite  in  Sullivan  co..  East  Tennessee.  It  runs 
southwcstward  through  Hawkins  and  Knox  cos.,  irrigates 
a  beautiful  and  fertile  valley  which  extends  along  the  S.E, 
base  of  the  Cumberland  Mountain,  and  unites  with  the 
Clinch  River  at  Kingston,  Roane  co.  It  is  about  200  miles 
long,  or,  if  we  include  its  North  Fork,  about  350  miles. 
Small  steamboats  can  ascend  it  to  Knoxville  in  all  stages 
of  water.  The  North  and  South  Forks  run  in  a  W.S.W. 
direction  through  the  cos.  of  Smyth  and  Washington  of 
Virginia,  and  are  nearly  equal  in  length. 

Holston  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  oo.,  Tenn., 
8  miles  E.  of  Bristol. 

Hols'worthy,  a  town  and  parish  of  England,  co.  of 
Devon,  on  the  Tamar,  7i  miles  W.S.W,  of  Stratton.  P.  1645. 

Holt,  holt,  a  borough  of  Wales,  co.  of  Denbigh,  on  the 
Dee,  crossed  by  a  stone  bridge  of  ten  arches,  5i  miles  N.E. 
of  Wrexham.     Pop.  1056. 

Holt,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Norfolk,  17  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Dereham.  It  has  an  ancient  church,  a  shire  hall,  a 
workhouse,  and  a  grammar-school.     Pop.  of  parish,  1563. 

Holt,  holt,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Missouri, 
borders  on  Kansas  and  Nebraska.  Area,  about  440  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Nodaway  River,  and 
on  the  S.  and  S.W.  by  the  Missouri  River,  and  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Tarkio  River.  The  surface  is  diversified  with 
prairies  and  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  ii 
traversed  along  the  western  border,  N.  to  S.,  and  intersected 
from  N.  to  W.  by  the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  &  Council 
Blufis  Railroad.  Capital,  Oregon.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,652 ; 
in  1880,  15,509;  in  1890,  15,469. 

Holt,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Nebraska,  is  bc>'inded 


HOL 


1417 


HOM 


on  the  N.  by  the  Niobrara  River.  It  is  partly  drained  by 
the  Elkhorn  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly 
lovel.  The  soil  is  fertile.  CapiUl,  O'Neill.  Pop.  in  1880, 
3287  ;  in  1890,  13,672. 

Holt,  a  post-hiimlet  of  Taylor  co.,  Iowa,  in  Holt  town- 
ship, about  15  miles  N.  of  Bedford,  and  12  miles  S.  of 
Corning.     Pop.  of  the  township,  796. 

Holt,  a  post-hamlet  in  Delhi  township,  Ingham  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Jackson,  Lansing  &  Saginaw  Railroad,  8 
miles  S.E.  of  Lansing.  It  has  3  churches,  2  saw-mills,  and 
a  wagon-shop.     Pop.  about  150. 

Holt,  a  well-wooded  township  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn. 
Pop.  1055.     It  contains  Highland  and  Whalan. 

Holt,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co..  Mo.,  in  Kearney  town- 
ship, 32  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Kansas  City.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  269. 

Holt,  a  post-hamlet  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.,  in  Raccoon  town- 
ship, 25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Holt,  holt,  or  Yermaloff,  y5r'mi-loff\  an  island  of 
the  Pacific,  in  the  Low  Archipelago.  Lat.  16°  20'  S.j  Ion. 
143°  6'  AV. 

Holten,  h61'ten,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Over- 
yssel,  21  miles  S.S'.E.  of  Zwolle.     Pop.  3014. 

Holten,  a  village  of  Norway,  25  miles  N.AV.  of  Tonsberg. 

Ilolten,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  21  miles  N.  of 
Dusseldorf.     Pop.  1000. 

Holton,  hol'ton,  a  post- village  of  Ripley  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  58  miles  W.  of  Cincinnati. 
It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  cigars,  &c. 

Holton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jackson  co.,  Kansas, 
on  the  Kansas  Central  Railroad,  56  miles  W.  by  N.  of 
Leavenworth,  and  about  30  miles  N.  of  Topeka.  It  has  8 
churches,  a  graded  school,  and  3  banks.  One  semi-weekly 
and  3  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.     Pop.  2727. 

Holton,  a  post- village  of  Muskegon  co.,  Mich.,  in  Hol- 
ton township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Michigan  Lake  Shore  Rail- 
road, 16  miles  N.E.  of  Muskegon.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
steam  lumber-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  620. 

Holts,  holts,  a  station  on  the  Southwestern  Railroad  of 
Georgia  (Arlington  Extension),  17  miles  E.  of  Arlington, 

Holtsburg,holts'burg,  a  station  in  Davidson  co.,  N.C., 
on  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of 
Lexington. 

Holt's  Corners,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Tenn., 
13  miles  from  Shelbyville.     It  has  3  churches. 

Holt's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  about 
24  miles  N.W.  of  Bangor. 

Holt's  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  111., 
at  Holt's  Station  on  the  Iron  Mountain,  Chester  &  Eastern 
Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Tamaroa. 

Holt's  Sum'mit,  a  post-village  of  Callaway  co.,  Mo., 
on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Jefferson 
City.     It  has  a  church  and  a  coal-mine. 

HoltSville,hoIts'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y., 
at  Waverly  Station  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  about  50 
miles  E.  of  Brooklyn. 

Holwan,  Holouan,  or  Holnan,  hoPwin',  a  city 
of  antiquity,  the  Calah  of  Asshur  (Gen.  x.  11),  and  the 
Hullnh  of  the  Israelitish  captivity,  is  now  represented  by 
the  village  Sar-Puli,  in  Persia,  province  of  Irak-Ajemee,  8 
miles  S.  of  Zohab.  Here  are  some  sculptured  tablets,  an 
excavated  royal  sepulchre,  and  various  ruins  and  mounds. 
Lat.  34°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  45°  15'  E.  It  remained  populous  long 
after  the  Arab  invasion,  but  was  ruined  by  the  Huns  in 
1258.  The  Holwan  River,  here  crossed  by  a  bridge,  rises 
20  miles  E.  of  Zohab,  and,  after  a  tortuous  course,  joins  the 
Ghilan,  an  affluent  of  the  Diala. 

HoUverd,  hor\^5Rt,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Friesland,  on  the  North  Sea,  opposite  Ameland,  and  6  miles 
N.W.  of  Dokkum.     Pop.  1884. 

Holy-Cross,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Stafford,  SJ 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Stourbridge.     See  Waltham-Abbev. 

HoMycross',  a  parish  and  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Tipperary,  3  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Thurles.  Here  is  an  abbey 
founded  in  1182,  one  of  the  finest  ruins  in  Ireland.    P.  1336. 

Holy  Cross,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Red  River  of  the  North,  12  miles  S.  of  Moorhead. 

Holy  Cross,  a  post-hamlet  in  Belgium  township,  Ozau- 
kee CO.,  Wis.,  3  miles  from  Fredonia  Station.  It  has  a 
church. 

Holy  Cross,  Mount.    See  Mount  Holy  Cross. 

Holyhead,  hol'e-hSd  (Welsh,  Caer-Gyhi,  ki'er-ghib'- 
ee),  a  borough  of  Wales,  on  an  island  of  the  same  name,  co. 
of  Anglesea,  off  its  W.  side,  and  connected  with  the  isle  of 
Anglesea  by  a  long  causeway.  It  is  23  miles  by  rail  W. 
of  Bangor.  The  island  is  mostly  a  barren  rock,  and  ends 
on  the  N.  in  a  huge  headland  hollowed  into  many  caves. 


The  town  has  many  handsome  houses,  hotels,  assembly- 
rooms,  manufactures  of  ropes,  and  a  good  market-place. 
The  harbor  is  formed  by  a  noble  breakwater  over  a  mile 
long,  and  is  one  of  the  most  important  harbors  of  refuge  on 
the  British  coast.  Holyhead  owes  its  importance  to  its  being 
the  nearest  British  port  to  Dublin.     Pop.  5916. 

Holy  Island,  formerly  Lin'disfarne',  a  peninsula, 
insulated  at  high  water,  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  England,  co. 
of  Northumberland,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Berwick-on-Tweed. 
The  N.  part  of  the  island  consists  of  sand-hills,  forming  a 
large  rabbit-warren ;  the  remainder  is  fertile.  It  has  a 
small  harbor  on  the  E.,  defended  by  a  battery,  a  village, 
frequented  for  sea-bathing,  a  fine  ancient  castle,  and  re- 
markable remains  of  a  celebrated  abbey,  founded  in  635  as 
a  bishop's  see,  over  which  St.  Cuthbert  presided.  It  was 
destroyed  by  the  Danes  in  900,  but  was  afterwards  rebuilt. 

Holy  Island,  in  Africa.     See  Chuluwan. 

Holy  Land,  The,  Asia.    See  Palestine. 

Holyoke,  hol'yok,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Phillips 
CO.,  Col.,  50  miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Sterling.  It  has  2 
church  organizations,  3  banks,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper 
office,  Ac.     Pop.  649. 

Holyoke,  a  city  of  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  W. 
bank  of  the  Connecticut  River,  8  miles  N.  of  Springfield, 
and  9  miles  S.  of  Northampton.  It  is  on  the  Connecti- 
cut River  Railroad,  and  is  a  terminus  of  the  Holyoke 
Branch  of  the  New  Haven  <fc  Northampton  Railroad.  A 
dam  1019  feet  long  has  been  built  across  the  river,  which 
falls  60  feet  in  the  course  of  a  mile  and  affords  immense 
water-power.  Holyoke  is  finely  situated  on  the  side  of  a  hill, 
and  is  surrounded  by  the  river  on  all  sides  except  the  W. 
It  contains  a  city  hall  or  town  house,  5  national  banks,  3 
savings  banks,  2or3  newspaper  offices,  5  convents,  a  Catholic 
orphanage,  17  churches,  a  high  school,  a  public  library, 
about  25  paper-mills,  7  cotton-factories,  6  woollen-mills,  and 
manufitctures  of  cutlery,  machinery,  flies,  screws,  silk  goods, 
sash  and  blinds,  tools,  lumber,  bicycles,  carriages,  bits, 
trolleys,  &c.  It  is  stated  that  nearly  200  tons  of  paper,  of 
all  grades  and  varieties,  are  produced  hero  in  one  day. 
About  2000  operatives  are  employed  in  the  manufacture  of 
cotton  goods,  1200  in  that  of  paper,  and  450  in  that  of 
cassimeres,  doefkins,  and  other  voollcn  cloths.  Pop.  in 
1860.  4997  ;  in  1870,  10,733  ;  in  1880,  21,915  ;  in  1890,  35,637. 

Holyoke,  a  hamlet  in  Centre  township,  Butler  co.,  Pa., 
4  miles  from  Butler.     It  has  a  church. 

Ho'lyrood,  a  fishing  hamlet  in  Newfoundland,  10 
miles  from  St.  Marj's.  Here  is  a  fresh-water  lake,  14  milea 
in  length,  abounding  with  trout. 

Holyrood,  a  post-town  of  Newfoundland,  on  the  S. 
side  of  Conception  Bay,  28  miles  from  St.  John's.  Copper 
ore  is  found  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  405. 

Holyrood  (North  Arsi),  a  fishing  hamlet  of  New- 
foundland, 2  miles  from  Holyrood.     Pop.  260. 

Holy  Sea,  in  Asia.    See  Baikal  Lake. 

Hol'ytown,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Lanark,  10  miles 
E.  by  S.  of  Glasgow,  with  coal-mines.     Pop.  2197. 

Holywell,  hol'e-w^l,  a  borough  of  Wales,  co.  of  Flint, 
15  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Chester.  It  lies  in  a  glen  near 
the  estuary  of  the  Dee,  and  has  a  church  partly  ancient,  a 
beautiful  Gothic  chapel,  now  used  as  a  school,  a  court- 
house, remains  of  an  abbey  and  of  a  British  fortification, 
thriving  manufactures  of  cottons,  hardware,  wire,  shot, 
paints,  and  flour,  and  large  smelting-houses  and  foundries. 
In  its  close  vicinity  are  coal-,  lead-,  copper-,  and  zinc-mines. 
Holywell  unites  with  Flint,  <fee.,  in  sending  one  member  to 
the  House  of  Commons.  Its  ancient  well,  whence  its  name, 
sends  up  21  tons  of  water  every  minute.     Pop.  3540. 

Holzemme,  h6lt's6m^meh,  a  river  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
joins  the  Bode  below  Groningen.     Length,  30  miles. 

Holzen6e,h6lt'sen-o^eh,  an  island  of  Norway,  lat.  60° 
34'  N.  and  Ion.  5°  10' E.,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bergen.  It  is 
15  miles  in  length. 

Holzgerlingen,  hilts'gh?r-ling\n,  a  village  of  AViir- 
temberg,  12  miles  S.AV.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1718. 

Holzminden,  h61ts'min-den,  a  town  of  Germany, 
duchy  of  Brunswick,  on  the  AVeser,  56  miles  by  rail  S.AV. 
of  Brunswick.  Pop.  6887.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  several 
churches,  a  synagogue,  a  library,  and  manufactures  of  iron 
and  steel  wares,  hosiery,  files,  pins,  <fcc.  It  is  also  an  entrepot 
for  linen  fabrics. 

Holzthalleben,  h6lts't^l-li^b§n,  a  village  of  Ger- 
many, in  Schwarzburg-Sondershausen,  12  miles  AA''.  of  Son- 
dershausen.     Pop.  1298. 

Ho'man,  a  post-office  of  Miller  co..  Ark.,  on  the  Iron 
Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  7  miles  S.AAT.  of  Fulton. 

Homan,  a  station  in  Adams  co.,  HI.,  on  the  Chicago^ 
Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Quincy. 


HOM 


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Ho'mantville,  a  po>t-offioe  of  UUh  oo.,  Utah. 

llombecck,  bom'b&k,  a  village  of  Belgium,  4  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Mooblin.     Pop.  1825. 

llomberg,  bom'bjna,  a  town  of  Pruuia,  in  Ilesse- 
Nauau,  on  the  Efie,  20  miloa  S.W.  of  Cassel.     Pop.  3212. 

Ilomberg*  a  walled  town  of  Hesse,  province  of  Ober- 
Hessen,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Giosscn.     Pop.  1433. 

Homberg,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  16  miles  N.  of 
Dusseldorf,  on  the  Rhine.     Pop.,  with  commune,  3405. 

Ilombcrg,  or  Ilomburg  (Fr.  Uomhounj,  hdu'boon'), 
two  contiguous  villages  of  Germany,  on  the  Paris  &  Stros- 
burg  litiilwivy,  27  miles  E.N.E.  of  Motz. 

ilombourg,  h6M'booii',  a  village  of  Belgium,  19  miles 
E.N.K.  of  Lic^o.  on  the  Gulpo.     Pop.  1260. 

Iloinbrechtikon,hom-brdK'te-kon,n  village  of  Swit- 
lerlnnJ,  canton  of  Zurich,  district  of  Meilen.     Pop.  2678. 

Ilombrcsscn,  hom'brfi^-sQn,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in 
IIosso-Xiissivu,  N.W.  from  Cassel.     Pop.  1232. 

ilomburg)  hom'bSSno,  a  fortiQod  town  of  Rhenish 
Bavaria,  6  miles  N.  of  Deux-Ponts.  Pop.  3612,  employed 
in  manufactures  of  cotton  and  woollen  goods. 

Ilomburg- voR-DEn-IIonE,  hom'bCORG-von-dfiR-ho'^h, 
a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Uosse-Nossau,  former  capital  of  the 
landgraviate  of  Hesse-Homburg,  9  miles  by  rail  N.N.W. 
«if  Frankfort-on-the-Main.  Pop.  8290.  It  has  a  castle, 
built  in  1680,  and  a  stocking-manufactory,  but  it  is  best 
known  for  its  fine  kursaal  and  its  mineral  springs.  It  has 
elegant  bath  establishments,  and  was  until  1870  one  of  the 
most  noted  gambling-places  in  Europe. 

Home,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  111.,  14  miles  S.  of 
Xenia. 

Home,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  oo.^  Ind.,  about  8 
miles  E.  of  Madison. 

Home,  a  post-office  of  Van  Burcn  CO.,  Iowa. 

Home,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  Kansas. 

Home,  a  township  of  Nemaha  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  655. 
Post-office,  Contralia. 

Home,  or  Mor'ganville,  a  post-village  of  Pike  co., 
Ky.,  about  60  miles  N.W.  of  Abingdon,  Va.  It  has  2 
churches.     Ilore  is  Homo  Post-Office. 

Home,  a  township  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  93. 

Home,  a  post-hamlet  of  Newaygo  co.,  Mich.,  about  48 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Muskegon.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Home,  a  post-township  of  Brown  co.,  Minn.,  is  bounded 
on  the  N.E.  by  the  Minnesota  River.  Pop.  1269.  Home 
Post-Office  is  lOi  miles  AV.  of  New  Ulm. 

Home,  or  Kel'lysburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Indiana  co., 
Pa.,  10  miles  N.  of  Indiana,  and  about  44  miles  W.N.AV.  of 
Altoona.   It  has  a  tannery,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Home,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  East 
Tennessee,  Virginia  A  Georgia  Railroad,  at  Henderson 
Station,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Greeneville.  It  has  2  flouring- 
mills.  2  stores,  and  a  woollen-factory. 

Home,  a  post-office  of  Trempealeau  co.,  Wis. 

Home  Bay,  in  British  North  America,  N.  of  Cumber- 
land Island,  is  in  lat.  68°  30'  N.,  Ion.  68°  W. 

Home  City,  a  village  in  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  on  the  In- 
dianapolis, Cincinnati  &,  Lafayette  Railroad,  11  miles  W. 
of  Cincinnati.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Homedahl,  hom'd&l,  a  post-office  of  Faribault  oo., 
Minn. 

Homel,  ho*mel',  or  Gomel,  go'mel',  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  120  miles  S.S.E.  of  Moheelev.  Pop.,  with 
Biclitza,  a  town  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  Sozh,  22,000. 

Homeland,  a  post-office  of  Culpeper  co.,  Va. 

Home  Place,  a  post-office  of  Plaquemines  parish.  La. 

Home  Place,  a  village  of  Newton  co.,  Tex.,  75  miles 
N.  of  Orange.     It  has  2  churches  and  3  stores. 

Ho'mer,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Banks  co.,  Ga., 
about  80  miles  N.E.  of  Atlanta,  and  38  miles  N.  of  Athens. 
It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  120. 

Homer,  a  post-village  of  Champaign  oo..  111.,  in  South 
Homer  township,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  20  miles  AV.S.W. 
of  Danville,  and  about  18  miles  E.S.E.  of  Champaign.  It 
has  a  newspaper  office,  2  banks,  3  churches,  a  seminary,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  1000. 

Homer,  a  township  of  Will  co..  111.  Pop.  1279.  It 
contains  Hadley. 

Homer,  a  post-village  of  Rush  co.,  Tnd.,  on  the  Jeffer- 
sonville,  Madison  *  Indianapolis  Railroad,  8  miles  W.S.W. 
•f  Rushville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Homer,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  728. 

Homer,  a  township  of  Buchanan  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  775. 

Homer,  a  post- village  of  Hamilton  co.,  Iowa,  in  Webster 
township,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Webster  City,  and  about  18  miles 
B.E.  of  Fort  Dodge.    It  has  2  churches.    Coal  abounds  here. 

Homer,  a  post-hamlet  of  Logan  co.,  Ky.,  10  miles  N. 


of  RuBsellville.    It  has  a  ohurob,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw- 
mill.    Pop.  68. 

Homer,  a  post- village,  oapital  of  Claiborne  parish.  La., 
about  50  miles  E.N.E.  of  Shrevcnort.  It  has  a  brick  court- 
house, 4  churches,  a  college,  and  a  female  seminary.  Twc 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  It  is  surrouudcd  by 
cotton-plantiitions  and  vineyards.     Pop.  in  1890,  1I:J2. 

Homer,  a  post-villngc  in  Homer  township,  Callmun  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Kalamazoo  Uiver,  and  on  the  iMicliigun  Cea. 
tnil  Railroad  (Air-Line  division)  where  it  crosses  the  Lan- 
sing division  of  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Rail- 
road, 46  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Lansin;?,  and  23  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Jackson.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  2  banks,  4  churches, 
a  graded  school,  a  bath-tub  factory,  an  oil-stove  factory,  a 
chair-hammock  factory,  a  washing-machine  factory,  and  a 
furniture-factory.  Pop.  in  1890,  1063;  of  the  township, 
2032. 

Homer,  a  township  of  Midland  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  552. 

Homer,  a  post-village  of  Winona  co.,  Minn.,  in  Homer 
township,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  nnd  on  a  brunch  of  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  P.iul  Railroad,  5  miles  below 
Winona.  It  has  a  newspaper  office  and  a  flour-mill.  The 
bluffs  hero  are  nearly  500  feet  high.  Pop.  about  200 ;  of 
the  township,  859. 

Homer,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dakota  co..  Neb.,  14  miles  S. 
by  AV.  of  Sioux  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Homer,  a  post-village  of  Homer  township,  Cortland 
CO.,  N.Y.,  is  finely  situated  in  a  valley  on  the  Tiou^hnioga 
River,  and  on  the  Syracuse,  Binghumton  &  New  York  Rail- 
road,  33  miles  S.  of  Syracuse,  and  3  miles  N.  of  Cortland. 
It  contains  4  churches,  an  academy,  a  public  school,  2  banks, 
2  newspaper  offices,  a  carriage-factory,  woollen-mills,  au 
oil-oloth  factory,  Ac.     Pop.  about  4000. 

Homer,  a  post-village  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  in  Burlington 
township,  4  miles  AA^.  of  Utica  Station,  and  about  35  miles 
N.E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
brooms,  carriages,  and  furniture.     Pop.  226. 

Homer,  a  township  of  Medina  oo.,  0.  Pop.  886.  It 
contains  the  village  of  Homerville. 

Homer,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  0.     Pop.  1690. 

Homer,  a  township  of  Potter  co..  Pa.  Pop.  160.  Post- 
office,  East  Homer. 

Homer,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Angelina  co.,  Tex., 
about  68  miles  fe.E.  of  Palestine,  and  125  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Houston.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  leatho.i 
and  saddles.     Pop.  216. 

Homer,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co..  Wis.,  6  miles  S.K 
of  Boscobel.     It  has  a  church. 

Ho'mer,  a  post-village  in  Lincoln  co.,  Ontario,  4  miles 
E.  of  St.  Catharine's.     Pop.  150. 

Homer  City,  a  post-village  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.,  in 
Centre  township,  on  Black  Lick  Creek,  and  on  the  Indiana 
Branch  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Blairsville.  It  has 
several  churches. 

Ho'merville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clinch  co., 
Ga.,  on  the  Atlantic  A  Gulf  Railroad,  122  miles  S.AV.  of 
Savannah.     It  has  a  church  and  a  turpentine-distillery. 

Homerville,  a  post-village  of  Medina  co.,  0.,  in 
Homer  township,  about  30  miles  N.E.  of  Mansfield.  It  has 
2  churches. 

Homestead,  hom'stSd,  a  post-office  of  San  Diego  co., 
Cal.,  30  miles  E.  of  San  Diego. 

Homestead,  a  post-village  of  Iowa  co.,  Iowa,  near  the 
Iowa  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  E.  of  Marengo,  and  20  miles  S.S.AA'^.  of  CeJar 
Rapids.  It  belongs  to  the  Amana  Society.  (See  Amana.) 
It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  starch-factory. 
A  great  meteor,  which  illuminated  a  large  portion  of  the 
state,  fell  here,  February  12,  1875,  near  10  p.m.,  and  about 
600  pounds  of  meteoric  stones  were  found. 

Homestead,  a  post-office  of  Chase  co.,  Kansas. 

Homestead,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Benzie 
CO.,  Mich.,  about  32  miles  N.N.E.  of  Manistee.  The  hamlet 
is  5  miles  AV.  of  Bcnzonia.     It  has  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  164. 

Homestead,  a  post-office  of  Burt  co..  Neb.,  near  the 
Missouri  River. 

Homestead,  a  post-village  of  Hudson  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
New  Jersey  Midland  Railroad  and  the  Northern  New  Jer- 
sey Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City.  It  has  a  church 
a  silk-factory,  an  iron-foundry,  and  market-gardens. 

Homestead,  a  post-borough  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Monongahela  River,  8  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Pittsburg. 
It  has  several  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  and 
manufactures  of  steel,  glass,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  7911. 

Home'town,  a  hamlet  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Nesquehoning  A'alley  Railroad,  14  miles  AV.  of  Mauoh 
Chunk.     In  the  vicinity  are  2  churches. 


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1419 


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Hornet's  Ferry,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.    See  FRE^fCHTOWIf. 

Ilomeville,  hom'vil  (Collamer  Post-Office),  a  village 
of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  in  Upper  Oxford  township,  6  miles  S.  of 
Atglen.     It  has  a  Friends'  meeting  and  a  store. 

HomeAVOod,  hOm'wood,  a  post-village  of  Cook  co., 
111.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  24  miles  S.  of  Chi- 
cai^o.     It  has  2  churches,  a  tile-factory,  Ac. 

Iloinewood,  a  post-office  ot  Franklin  co.,  Kansas. 

Ilomewood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Miss.,  9  miles 
S.  of  Forest.     It  has  2  or  3  churches. 

Homewood,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Homewood,  a  post-village  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Pittsbur'',  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad,  at  its  junction 
with  the  New  Castle  Branch,  35  miles  N.N.W.  of  Pittsburg. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Homewood,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co..  Wis. 

Home'worth,  or  Win'chester,  a  post-village  of  Co- 
lumbiana CO.,  0.,  in  Knox  township,  on  the  Cleveland  & 
Pittsburg  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Alliance.  It  has  2  churches, 
tt  town  hall,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  cheese,  and 
farming-implements.  Pop.  235.  The  name  of  its  post- 
office  is  Homeworth. 

Hom'iny  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Buncombe  co.,  N.C., 
10  miles  W.  of  Asheville. 

-  Homme,  hom'm^h,  a  river  of  Belgium,  in  Luxembourg, 
joins  the  Lesse  after  a  course  of  25  miles. 

Homochit'to  River,  Mississippi,  runs  southwestward 
through  Franklin  co.,  forms  the  boundary  between  Adams 
and  Wilkinson  cos.,  and  enters  the  Mississippi. 

Homolitz,  or  Homolicz,  ho'mo-lita\  a  village  of 
Hungary,  co.  of  Torontal,  on  the  Danube,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Pancsova.     Pop.  4105. 

Homonna,  ho^mon'noh,  or  Humene,  hoo-mi.'n9h,  a 
town  of  Hungary,  30  miles  E.  of  Eperies.     Pop.  3462. 

Homorod,  ho^mo^rod',  the  name  of  several  villages  of 
Transylvania,  in  Szeklerland,  the  principal  being  Homorod- 
Almas,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Udvarhely.     Pop.  1710. 

Homorod  (or  Great  HomorodJ  River,  Transyl- 
vania, joins  the  Aloota,  after  a  S.S.W.  course  of  30  miles. 

Ho^mosas'sa,  a  village  of  Hernando  co.,  Fla.,  on 
Ilomosassa  River,  about  3  miles  E.  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico, 
and  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cedar  Keys. 

Ho^mowack',  a  post-hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Rondout  Creek,  and  on  the  Ellenville  Branch  of  the  Os- 
wego Midland  Railroad,  19  miles  N.  of  Middletown.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  woollen-factory. 

Horns,  h6ms.  Hums,  hQms,  or  Hems,  hems  (anc. 
Em'eaa),  a  town  of  Syria,  86  miles  N.N.E.  of  Damascus, 
near  the  Orontes  and  the  lake  of  lloms.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  gold  and  silver  thread,  cotton,  woollen,  and  silk 
stuffs,  and  fine  furniture.  It  has  a  Catholic  (Melchite) 
archbishop,  an  American  Protestant  mission,  and  several 
churches  and  mosques.  Homs  is  the  scat  of  an  active  trade, 
chiefly  with  Tripoli.     Pop.  20,000. 

Hon'akersville,  a  hamlet  of  Russell  co.,  Va.,  20  miles 
from  Saltville.     It  has  2  or  3  stores. 

Ho>Nan,  ho^-nS.n',an  inland  province  of  China,  mostly 
between  lat.  32°  and  37°  N.  and  Ion.  110°  and  116°  E.  Its 
N.  part  is  intersected  by  the  Hoang-Ho.  The  soil  is  highly 
fertile.     Pop.  23,037,171.     Chief  city,  Kai-Fong. 

Ho-Nan,  a  city  of  China,  in  the  above  province,  on 
an  affluent  of  the  Hoang-Ho.  in  lat.  34°  40'  N.,  Ion.  112° 
28'  E. 

Ho-Nan,  a  famous  Booddhist  temple  of  China,  on  an 
island  near  Canton. 

Hon^awar',  or  Honore,  a  town  of  India,  on  the  W. 
eoast,  in  North  Canara,  on  the  N.  side  of  a  salt  lagoon  7 
miles  in  length  and  3  miles  in  breadth,  forming  a  harbor 
deep  and  spacious,  but  dangerous  to  approach  at  certain 
seasons.     Pop.  4985. 

Hon'cut,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yuba  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Feather 
River,  1  mile  from  Moore's  Station,  and  about  14  miles  N. 
of  Marysville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hon'cut  Creek,  a  small  stream  of  California,  forms 
part  of  the  boundary  between  Butte  and  Yuba  cos.  for  its 
whole  length,  and  falls  into  Feather  River  about  10  miles 
above  Marysville. 

Hon'da  (Sp.  pron.  in'di),  a  town  of  the  republic  of 
Colombia,  state  of  Tolima,  on  the  Magdalena,  55  miles 
N.W.  of  Bogota.  Pop.  6000.  It  is  regularly  built,  has 
some  religious  edifices,  a  college,  and  2  bridges,  and  is  a 
depot  for  the  commercial  produce  of  the  southern  provinces. 

Ilonda,  the  name  of  a  bay  on  the  N.  coast  of  Cuba,  60 
miles  W.  of  Havana. 

.   Honda,  the  name  of  a  bay  on  the  N.  const  of  the  re- 
pnblio  of  Colombia.    Lat.  12°  20'  N.j  loa.  71°  SO'  W. 


Hon'do,  Hoiy'ima,  hon-jee'mi,  or  Honjiu,  hon- 
jee'oo,  i.e.,  "  mainland"  (called  by  most  authorities 
Niph^on',  Nippon',  or  Nip^pon',  but  that  name  belongs 
in  strictness  to  the  whole  Japanese  empire),  the  largest 
island  of  Japan,  extending  from  the  Strait  of  Matsmai 
southwestward  for  900  miles  to  the  narrow  channels  which 
separate  it  from  the  islands  of  Kioo-Sioo  and  Shikoku.  It 
is  long,  narrow,  and  curved  in  outline,  with  many  bays  and 
outlying  islets.  Its  climate  and  productions  vary  much 
with  the  latitude.  The  island  is  by  far  the  most  important 
and  populous  in  Japan,  under  which  head  it  is  more  fully 
described.  Pop.,  including  some  small  neighboring  islands, 
in  1882,  27,836,067;  in  1890,  30,771,933. 

Hondo,  hon'do  or  on'do,  or  Rio  Hondo,  ree'o  on'do 
{i.e.,  " deep  river" ),  called  also  Rio  Grande,  ree'o 
grin'di,  a  river  of  Yucatan  and  Balize,  enters  a  bay  of  the 
Caribbean  Sea  25  miles  S.E.  of  Bacalar. 

Hondo  Canon,  kin'yOn,  a  post-office  and  valley  of 
Bandera  co.,  Tex.,  60  miles  N.W.  of  San  Antonio. 

Hondo  Creek,  or  Rio  Hondo,  Texas,  rises  in  Ban- 
dera CO.,  runs  southward  through  Medina  co.,  and  enters 
the  Rio  Frio  in  Frio  co.     It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Hondschootc,  h6N»^shot'  (Dutch  pron.  hont'sko't?h), 
a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Dunkirk. 
Pop.  1870. 

Honduras,  hon-doo'ris,  a  republic  of  Central  Amer- 
ica, lat.  13°  10'  to  16°  2'  N.,  Ion.  83°  to  90°  W.,  having  N. 
the  Caribbean  Sea  and  Gulf  of  Honduras,  W.  Guatemala, 
8.W.  San  Salvador  and  the  Bay  of  Fonseca,  and  S.E. 
Nicaragua.  Capital,  Comayagua.  Area,  47,090  square 
miles,  with  a  coast-line  of  nearly  400  miles.  Estimated  pop. 
431,917.  The  large  island  Ruatan  and  its  dependencies 
belong  to  the  state.  (See  Bay  Islands.)  In  general  the 
country  is  mountainous.  Its  principal  rivers  are  the  Cha-  ' 
melicon,  Santiago,  Roman  or  Agua,  Patook,  and  Segovia 
or  Wanks,  flowing  to  the  Caribbean  Sea;  and  the  Choluteca, ' 
which  falls  into  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Near  the  sources  of  the 
Goascoran  and  the  Humuya  there  occurs  a  complete  gap 
in  the  Cordilleras  chain,  through  which  it  is  proposed  to 
construct  a  railway  from  sea  to  sea.  Lake  Yojoa,  in  the  W. 
of  the  state,  25  miles  long  by  8  broad,  and  2060  feet  above  ' 
the  sea,  is  the  only  lake  of  note.  The  Bay  of  Fonseca 
contains  numerous  islands,  on  one  of  which  (Tigre)  is  situ- 
ated Amapala,  the  only  port  of  Honduras  on  the  Pacific. 
The  principal  ports  on  the  N.  coast  arc  Omoa  and  Trujillo. 
The  exports  consist  chiefly  of  horned  cattle,  dry  hides,  in- 
digo, bullion,  and  mahogany.  Gold  is  found  in  the  sanda 
of  all  the  streams,  and  there  are  copper-mines  of  great 
richness.  Iron  ores,  platinum,  cinnabar,  zinc,  and  antimony 
exist,  but  are  not  worked;  coal  has  been  discovered  in 
several  localities.  The  valuable  timbers  are  chiefly  ma- 
hogany and  rosewood  ;  the  former,  a  very  important  article 
of  commerce,  grows  nearly  all  over  the  state,  but  most 
abundantly  near  the  Bay  of  Honduras.  Other  products  are' 
fustic,  Brazil  wood,  annotto,  copaiba,  copal,  ipecacuanha, 
caoutchouc,  the  pitch  pine  and  cedar,  lime,  lemon,  orange, 
cocoanut,  and  many  fine  fruits.  Sarsaparilla  and  vanilla  oif 
the  best  quality  grow  on  the  N.E.  coast.  The  sugar-cane  is  ' 
indigenous,  and  yields  two  or  three  crops  a  year  ;  the  coffee 
is  of  excellent  quality  ;  wheat  and  other  cereals  flourish  in 
the  elevated  districts,  and  maize  near  the  coasts.  Domestic 
animals  are  the  horse,  ass,  ox,  sheep,  goat,  hog,  dog,  and  cat. 
Among  wild  animals  are  the  deer,  peccary,  waree,  tapir,  • 
manatee,  monkey,  raccoon,  opossum,  squirrel,  ant-eater,  ar- 
madillo, jaguar,  coyote,  ocelot,  tiger-cat,  and  puma.  Birds, 
reptiles,  fishes,  and  moUusks  are  numerous.  The  goverti- 
ment  of  the  republic  is  vested  in  a  president,  elected  for' 
four  years,  and  a  congress  of  two  houses,  called  the  senate 
and  the  chamber  of  deputies.  A  canal  has  been  proposed 
across  the  state  from  Puerto  Cortez,  in  the  Bay  of  Honduras, 
to  the  Bay  of  Fonseca,  in  the  Pacific;  length,  200  miles. 
Mean  temperature  of  year,  79° ;  maximum,  86° ;  mini- 
mum, 62°  Fahr.     Annual  rainfall,  47  inches. 

Honduras,  Bay  of.    See  Bay  of  Honduras. 

Honduras,  British,  Central  America.    See  Balize. 

Honea,  hiin'n?,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Ala., 
about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Huntsville. 

Honea  Path,  hiin'n^  path,  a  post-village  of  Anderson 
CO.,  S.C.,  in  Honea  Path  township,  on  the  Columbia  & 
Greenville  Railroad,  34  miles  S.  of  Greenville.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  high  school,  <fee.     Pop.  in  1890,  365. 

Honeoye,  ho-ne-oy',  a  post-village  of  Richmond  town- 
ship, Ontario  co.,  N.Y.,  at  the  outlet  of  Honeoye  Lake, 
about  27  miles  S.  of  Rochester.  It  has  2  churches,  a  fur- 
nace, and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  300. 

Honeoye  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y., 
on  Honeoye  Creek,  and  on  the  Batavia  <fc  Canandaigua' 


90N 


1420 


HON 


P  ho  New  York  Central  RallrtMMi,  19  m«le»W»  by 

N  laigum  *ad  about  15  mile*  S.  of  Roohcstor.   It 

Itu^  .>  ciiuicuw,  »  b«nk,  2  fluuriDg-uiilla,  »  woollen-factory, 
%  newapaper  office,  a  puper-iuill,  a  foundry,  a  soaIi*  and 
blind-faotury,  io.  Vou.  in  1S»0,  1128. 
'  Honeoye  Lake*  New  York,  i«  in  Ontario  co.,  8  miles 
W.  of  Canandivigua  Lake.  It  is  6  or  6  utiles  lung,  and  livs 
lit  a  deep  gorge  or  valley  of  erosion.  Its  outlet,  llonooye 
Creek,  issues  from  the  N.  end  of  the  lake,  runs  northwest- 
ward nearly  24  miles,  and  enters  the  Geuosoe  lUver  in 
Monroe  co.,  4  miles  N.  of  Avon. 

IIoDesilule«  hOui'diil,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Wayne 
CO.,  Ph.,  on  the  Lnckawaxen  Itiver,  at  the  mouth  of  I>y- 
berry  Creek,  about  16  miles  £.  of  Carbondale,  and  32  miles 
I^.E.  of  Soranlon.  It  is  on  the  Jionesdale  liranoh  of  the 
|!rie  Railroad,  and  nt  the  W.  terminus  of  the  Delaware  & 
Iludsun  Cannl.  It  contains  9  churches,  a  ntitional  bank,  a 
savings-bank,  a  gradud  school,  3  newspaper  otiicos,  a  glsss- 
outting  factory,  a  glnss-deooration-works,  a  glass-factory, 
woollen-mills,  2  shoo- factories,  a  silk-mill,  engine-works, 
Siisb-  and  blind-factories,  &e.     Pop.  in  ISUU,  2816. 

Ilonesvillet  hOnz'vIl,  a  haiulet  of  Orange  oo.,  N.T., 
in  Deer  Park  township,  3  miles  from  Port  Jervis. 

Iloncy  Bend,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  oo.,  III., 
on  the  Wiibush  Railroad,  57  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Here  is  a  church. 

Honey  Brook,  a  post-village  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  23 
miles  by  rnil  E.  by  N.  of  Lancaster,  and  18  miles  by  rail 
N.W.  of  Dowuingtown.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  high  school,  a  graded  school,  and  iniinufactures 
of  cigars  and  leaf-tobacco.  Pop.  in  1890,  514;  of  the 
township,  1876. 

Honey  Creek^  Vigo  oo.,  Ind.,  runs  westward,  and 
enters  the  Wabash  River  about  S  miles  below  Terre  Ilaute. 

Honey  Creek,  Iowa,  rises  in  Hardin  co.,  runs  south- 
eastward, and  enters  the  Iowa  River  in  Marshall  co 

Honey  Creek,  Missouri,  rises  near  the  S.  border  of 
Mercer  oo.,  runs  S.  through  Grundy  co.,  and  enters  the 
Crooked  Fork  of  Grand  Rivor  7  miles  N.  of  Chilliootho. 

Honey  Creek,  Wisconsin,  runs  nearly  eastward,  and 
enters  the  Wisconsin  River  in  Sauk  co. 

Honey  Creek,  Walworth  co.,  Wis.,  runs  E.  and  S., 
and  Joins  Sugar  Creek  to  form  an  affluent  of  Fox  River. 

Honey  Creek,  a  township  of  Adams  oo.,  111.  Pop. 
1495.     It  contains  Coatsburg. 

Honey  Creek,  township,  Crawford  co..  111.     P.  1868. 

Honey  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ogle  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Iowa  Railroad,  at  Daysvilie  Station,  3  miles  E. 
of  Oregon. 

Honey  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  12  miles 
8.E.  of  Anderson.     It  has  1  or  2  churches.     Pop.  215. 

Honey  Creek,  a  township  of  Howard  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
732.     It  contains  Russiaville. 

Honey  Creek,  a  township  of  Vigo  co.,  Ind.,  border- 
ing to  a  small  extent  on  the  Wabash.     Pop.  1519. 

Honey  Creek,  a  township  of  White  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
611.     It  contains  Reynolds. 

Honey  Creek,  township,  Delaware  co.,  Iowa.    P.  931. 

Honey  Creek,  a  township  of  Iowa  co.,  Iowa.     P.  977. 

Honey  Creek,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Pottawatta- 
mie CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  12 
miles  N.  of  Council  Bluffs.     Pop.  about  50. 

Honey  Creek,  a  post-offioe  of  Hamilton  eo.,  Tex. 

Honey  Creek,  a  township  of  Sauk  oo.,  Wis.     P.  1270. 

Honey  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Spring  Prairie  town- 
ship, Walworth  oo.,  Wis.,  on  Honey  Creek,  about  30  miles 
S.W.  of  Milwaukee.  It  has  a  churoh  and  a  manufactory 
of  farm-implements. 

Hon'eycutt's,  township,  Sampson  co.,  N.C.     P.  1283. 

Honey  Grove,  Juniata  co.,  Pa.    See  Bealetown. 

Honey  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Fannin  co.,  Tex.,  16 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Bonhnm.  It  has  9  churches,  2  banks, 
2  newspaper  offices',  a  high  school,  an  oil-mill,  an  ice- 
factory,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1828. 

Honey  Lake,  Lassen  co.,  Cal.,  is  about  14  miles  W. 
of  Pyramid  Lake  (which  is  in  Nevada).  It  is  surrounded 
by  the  Sierra  Nevada  Mountains,  and  has  no  outlet.  It  is 
nearly  20  miles  long,  is  irregular  in  shape,  and  quite  shallow. 
Hero  is  Honey  Lake  Valley,  at  an  altitude  of  4200  feet  above 
the  sea.  It  comprises  about  20,000  acres  of  fine  farming- 
and  meadow-land. 

Honeyville,  hBn'e-vIl,  a  post-hamlet  of  Page  co.,  Va., 
13  miles  S.E.  of  Market.  It  has  a  tannery,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Honfleur,  hiN"*fluB'  or  &ii»^fluB'  (L.  Honjlo'rium),  a 
Kuport  town  of  France,  in  Calvados,  on  the  S.  or  left  bank 


of  the  estuary  of  the  Seine,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Havre.  It  ii 
a  railway  terminus,  but  is  ill  built,  dirty,  and  dull.  On 
a  wooded  height  above  it  is  a  church  resorted  to  by 
seafaring  devotees.  Honfleur  has  docks  and  ro])C-walka, 
and  manufactures  of  lace,  chemicals,  and  leather.  It  exports 
to  England  eggs,  butter,  fruits,  <tn.     Pop.  0037. 

HouKt-n,  hong'^n,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  5  milet 
N.W.  of  Eschwciler.     Pop.,  with  surroundings,  3770. 

Hiiugg,  biing  (almost  hing),  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  4  miles  N.W.  of  Zurich.     Pop.  1616. 

Uong-Hai,  hong'-hi',  an  islet  in  the  China  Sea,  off  the 
coast  of  Quang-Tong,  in  lat.  22°  45'  N.,  Ion.  115°  12'  E. 

Hong-Kiung,  or  Hon-Kiang,  hong^-ko-&ng', 
written  also  Uoung>Kiang,  a  navigable  river  in  the  S. 
part  of  China,  rises  in  the  province  of  Yun-Nan,  flows  E, 
and  S.E.,  and,  after  receiving  the  Pe-Kiang  from  the  N., 
enters  the  China  Sea,  by  many  mouths,  near  Canton.  It 
is  sometimes  called  See-Kiang  (Si-Kiang).  The  arm  on 
which  Canton  is  situated  is  called  Canton  River,  or  ChoO'. 
Kiang  ("Pearl  River").  The  latter  name  (Choo-Kiang)  ia 
sometimes  applied  to  the  whole  stream.  Length,  estimated 
at  800  miles. 

Hong-Kong  ("red  harbor"),  or  Hiang-Kinng 
("the  fragrant  or  flowing  streams"),  an  island  belonging 
to  the  British,  off  the  S.E.  coast  of  China,  province  of 
Quang-Tong,  situated  at  the  mouth  of  the  estuary  that 
leads  to  Canton,  from  which,  it  is  distant  S.E.  75  miles. 
Lat.  22°  16'  30"  N. ;  Ion.  114°  14'  45"  E.  It  is  about  10 
miles  in  extreme  length  from  N.W.  to  S.E.,  and  74  miles- 
in  extreme  breadth,  separated  from  the  mainland  by  a 
strait,  which,  at  Lymoon  Pass,  is  only  about  a  quarter  of  a 
mile  wide.  A  small  part  of  the  mainland  belongs  to  the 
British  colony.  The  general  appearance  of  the  island  i> 
unprepossessing,  being  composed,  mostly  of  lofty  barren 
rocks  that  rise  from  the  sea  to  heights  of  from  1000  to  20U0 
feet,  and  so  abruptly  as  to  leave  hardly  any  space  to  build 
upon.  Some  rank  vegetation  here  and  there,  and  a  little 
herbage  and  brushwood  growing  between  the  masses  of 
granite  and  on  the  margins  of  the  streams,  form  almost  its 
only  vegetable  productions.  Victoria,  the  capitivl  (itself 
commonly  called  Hong-Kong),  is  situated  on  a  magnificent 
bay  of  the  same  name,  setting  up  into  the  N.  side  of  the 
island.  (See  Victoria.)  Hong-Kong  is  a  great  centre  of 
the  foreign  trade  of  China,  and  a  mart  for  opium,  flour, 
mercury,  ivory,  betel,  cotton,  amber,  oil,  petroleum,  woollens, 
silks,  salt,  tea,  sugar.  Sec,  and  has  manufactures  of  sugar, 
rum,  ice,  and  vermilion.     It  has  a  mint  for  trade  dollars. 

Hong-Kong  was  ceded  to  Great  Britain  by  the  treaty  of 
Canton,  in  1841,  and  again  by  the  treaty  of  Nanking  in 
1842.  Since  then  many  wealthy  Chinese  merchants  have 
established  branch  houses  here,  and  charter  British  ships 
to  carry  goods  to  the  N.  ports.  The  government  of  the 
colony  is  vested  in  a  governor,  secretary,  commandant, 
chief  justice,  attorney -general,  and  legislative  council.  It 
is  the  see  of  an  Anglican  bishop.  Pop.  in  1871,  124,194; 
in  1881,  160,402;  in  1891,  221,441,  mostly  Chinese. 

Hongrie,  the  French  name  of  Hungary. 

Honiton,  hCin'e-tpn,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Devon, 
on  the  Otter,  16i  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Exeter.  It  con- 
sists chiefly  of  one  long  spacious  street,  well  built,  paved, 
and  lighted.  It  has  an  ancient  church,  containing  a  curious 
screen  and  many  old  monuments,  a  superb  modern  church, 
a  grammar-school,  a  workhouse,  and  a  hospital.  Honiton 
has  long  been  celebrated  for  its  manufactures  of  serges  and 
of  lace,  but  the  true  Honiton  lace  is  not  now  made  here. 
Pop.  3464. 

Honjima,  or  Hoqjiu,  Japan.    See  Hondo. 

Hon-Kiang,  a  river  of  China.     See  Hong-Kiano. 

Hon'ley,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  on  a  railway, 
3  miles  S.  of  Huddersfield.  It  has  woollen-mills.    Pop.  4!)0(1. 

Honnecourt,  honn^koon',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord, 
8  miles  S.  of  Cambrai.     Pop.  1711. 

Honnef,  hon'nfif,a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  govern 
ment  of  Cologne,  on  the  Rhine.     Pop.  3707. 

Honningen,  hon'ning-^n,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
17  miles  N.AV.  of  Coblentz,  on  the  Rhine.      Pop.  1500. 

Honningen,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  30  miles, 
W.N.W.  of  Coblentz. 

Hono,  ho'no\  a  small  triangular  island  of  Sweden,  in 
the  Cattegat,  and  W.  of  Gothenburg. 

Honolulu,  hon-o-loo'loo,  written  also  Honoruru,  a 
city,  capital  of  the  kingdom  of  Hawaii,  on  the  S.W.  side  of 
the  island  of  Oahu,  on  a  good  harbor.  Lat.  21°  18'  12"  N. ; 
Ion.  157°  50'  36"  W.  It  is  a  well-built,  attractive  town, 
with  good  public  buildings,  including  a  royal  palace,  ])arlia- 
ment-house,  post-office,  hospital,  hotels,  custom-house,  Ac 
Honolulu  has  also  a  college,  ladies'  seminary,  several  sub* 


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1421 


HOO 


rtantial  churches,  jail,  insane  asylum,  reform  school,  large 
warehouses,  stone  wharves,  iron-works,  and  factories  for 
doors,  ice,  sash,  hlinds,  Ac.  It  is  the  seat  of  an  Anglican 
bishop  and  of  a  Catholic  vicar  apostolic.  Most  of  the  houses 
have  gardens  filled  with  rich  tropical  vegetation.  One 
Hawaiian  and  several  English  newspapers  are  here  pub- 
lished.    Pop.  in  1884,  20,487. 

Hono'raville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crenshaw  co.,  Ala.,  15 
miles  E.  of  Greenville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Honore,  a  town  of  India.    See  Ho>fAWAR. 

Honrubia,  on-roo'se-S,,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
30  miles  S.W.  of  Cuenca.     Pop.  1652. 

Iloiit,  or  Honth,  hont,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  of  Hun- 
gary, bounded  S.  by  the  Danube.  Area,  1017  square  miles. 
It  is  in  part  mountainous,  and  is  rich  in  minerals.  Chief 
town,  Schemnitz.     Pop.  116,256. 

Ilooblee,  or  Hoobly,  hoo'blee  (formerly  Havili,  hi'- 
ve-lee),  a  town  of  British  India,  13  miles  S.B.  of  Darwar. 
Pop.  estimated  at  15,000.  It  has  2  forts,  some  Mohammedan 
edifices,  and  a  good  trade. 

Hoo-Chou,  Hou-Tchou,  hoo^-choo',  or  Hou- 
Tcheou-Fon,  hoo^-chS-oo'-foo',  a  town  of  China,  prov- 
■hice  of  Che-Kiang,  70  miles  N.W.  of  Ning-Po.  It  is  a  great 
illk-mart.     Pop.  about  60,000. 

Hood,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area 
■of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Brazos 
Kivcr.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  mountainous,  and  is  partly 
'covered  with  forests.  Among  its  prominent  features  is 
Comanche  Peak.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cattle,  cotton,  Indian 
corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Fort  Worth  &,  Rio  Grnnde  Railway.  Capital,  Gran- 
bury.     Pop.  in  1870,  2585;  in  1890,  6125;  in  1890,  7614. 

Hood,  Mount.     See  Mount  lloon. 

Hood  River,  a  post-village  of  Wasco  co.,  Oregon,  on 
the  Columbia  River,  70  miles  E.  of  Portland.  It  is  in  a 
fertile  country,  in  which  valuable  evergreen  trees  abound, 
with  beautiful  scenery. 

Hood's  Canal  or  Channel,  Washington,  a  narrow 
navigable  inlet  of  saltwater,  which  extends  from  Admiralty 
Jnlct  southwestward.  It  forms  the  boundary  between  Kit- 
sap CO.  on  the  S.E.  and  the  cos.  of  JofTcSrson  and  Mason  on 
the  other  side.  It  is  about  44  miles  long,  and  has  an 
average  width  of  2  or  .3  miles. 

Hood's  Island,  one  of  the  Gal.apagos  group. 

Hood's  Island  (native  name,  Fetoo'ka  or  Fetou'ga), 
one  of  the  Marquesas  Islands,  in  lat.  9°  25'  S.,  Ion.  138^ 
57'  W.     It  is  said  to  bo  uninhabited. 

Hood's  Island.    See  Lord  Hood's  Island. 

Hood's  Land'ing,  a  post-office  of  Roane  oo.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Tennessee  or  Clinch  River. 

Hood's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  parish.  La. 

Hood's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  34  miles  W.  of  Baltimore.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  35. 

Hood's  River,  British  North  America,  flows  into  Coro- 
nation Gulf,  Arctic  Ocean. 

Hood's  Road,  a  station  in  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Malvern  Extension  of  the  West  Chester  &  Philadelphia 
Railroad,  1  mile  from  Malvern. 

Hood's  Run,  a  post-office  of  Greenup  co.,  Ky. 

Hood^'ville,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  W.  Va. 

Hood'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co..  111.,  on  the 
Phawneetown  Branch  of  the  St.  Louis  &  Southeastern  Rail- 
road, 3  miles  S.E.  of  McLeansborough.  It  has  a  church, 
a  woollen-mill,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Hoof,  hof,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassau,  near 
Cassel.     It  has  a  lignite-mine.     Pop.  1006. 

Hoofdplaat,  huTplilt',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Zealand,  on  the  West  Scheldt,  6  miles  E.S.E.  of  Flush- 
ing.    Pop.  1468. 

Hooge,  ho'H^h  or  ho'ch^h,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  North  Brabant,  7J  miles  N.  of  Breda. 

Hoogeveen,  ho^Gh§h-vain',  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  Drenthe,  19  miles  S.  of  Asscn.  It  has  ship-yards 
and  manufactures  of  calico  and  brandy.     Pop.  11,103. 

Hoogezand,  ho'ch^h-zint^  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, 8  miles  N.E.  of  Groningen.     Pop.  2000. 

Hoogkarspcl,  hoa-kan'spfil,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  North  Holland,  N.E.  of  Hoorn.     Pop.  1216. 

Hooglcde,  hog'Id-deh,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Flanders,  17  miles  S.S.W'.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  4200. 

Hoogly,  or  Hooghly,  hoog'lee,  the  westernmost 
branch  of  the  Ganges,  at  its  delta,  known  above  Nuddea  as 
the  Bhagirathi.  Total  length,  about  200  miles;  its  mouth 
is  nearly  10  miles  across.  It  is  the  only  branch  of  the 
Ganges  extensively  navigated  by  large  vessels,  and  the 
only  one  in  the  delta  which  is  held  sacred  by  the  Hindoos. 


Hoogly,  a  town  of  Bengal,  capital  of  Iloogly  district, 
on  the  river  Hoogly,  23  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Howrah.  The 
finest  building  is  the  Imambarra,  a  Mohammedan  institu- 
tion, with  which  the  Iloogly  government  college,  a  well- 
endowed  school,  was  formerly  connected,  as  the  great  hos- 
pital is  still.  Chinsoorah  now  forms  part  of  this  town. 
Iloogly  has  mills  connected  with  the  prison.     Pop.  34,761. 

Iloogly,  or  Hugli,  hoog'lee,  a  district  of  Bengal, 
bounded  E.  by  the  river  Hoogly.  Area,  1482.squaro  miles. 
It  is  a  flat  and  fertile  and  well-cultivated  country,  subject 
to  some  extent  to  overflow.  Pop.  1,488,558.  Capital, 
Ilooglj',     Chief  town,  Howrah. 

Hoogstraeten,  or  Hoogstraaten,  hog'striVt?n,  a 
town  of  Belgium,  province  and  20  miles  N.E.  of  Antwerp. 
It  has  manufactures  of  bricks,  leather,  and  ropes.    P.  2550. 

Hook'em  Fair,  a  hamlet  of  Matthews  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Piankatank  River,  1  mile  from  the  wharf  of  the  Balti- 
more steamboat.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Hook'er,  a  post-office  of  Turner  co.,  Dakota. 

Hooker,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Ind. 

Hooker,  a  township  of  Laclede  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1114. 

Hooker,  a  post-office  of  Gage  co.,  Neb.,  about  34  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Lincoln. 

Hooker,  a  post-village  in  Concord  township,  Butler  co.. 
Pa.,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Karns  City,  and  about  27  miles  S.  of 
Franklin.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hooker,  a  station  in  Hamilton  eo.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Nash- 
ville <fc  Chattanooga  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Chattanooga. 

Hookeree,  Hookery,  or  Hukeri,  hoo'ker-ee,  a 
town  of  India,  23  miles  N.  of  Belgaum.     Pop.  5364. 

Hooker's,  a  post-office  of  St.  Francis  co..  Ark. 

Hooker's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Fairfield  co.,  0., 
on  the  Columbus  &  Hocking  Valley  Railroad,  4  miles  N.AV. 
of  Lancaster. 

Hook'erstown,  or  Hook'erton,  a  post-village  of 
Greene  eo.,  N.C.,  on  Moccasin  Creek,  about  40  miles  N.W, 
of  New-Berne.  It  has  4  churches,  2  flour-mills,  a  female 
institute,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  about  450. 

Hook'ersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nicholas  co.,  W.  Va,, 
40  miles  N.E.  of  Kanawha  Falls  Station.  It  has  a  tannery 
and  a  store. 

Hook'erville,  a  post-office  of  Burleson  co.,  Tex. 

Hook'set,  a  post-village  of  Merrimack  co.,  N.II.,  in 
Ilooksct  township,  on  the  Merrimac  River,  and  on  the 
Concord  Railroad,  at  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Suncook 
Valley  Railroad,  11  miles  below  Concord.  It  has  2  hotels, 
a  church,  1  or  2  cotton-factories,  extensive  brick-yards,  and 
a  graded  school.  Here  is  a  railroad  bridge  over  the  river. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1893. 

Hook's  Point,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  Iowa, 
in  Marion  township,  16  miles  S.  of  Webster  City.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

HookstOAvn,  Baltimore  co.,  Md.    See  AnLiNGtox. 

Hooks'town,  a  post-village  of  Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  about 
30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Pittsburg,  and  2  miles  S.  of  the  Ohio 
River.     It  has  an  academy  and  3  churches.     Pop.  259. 

Hook'ton,  a  hamlet  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  sea- 
coast,  about  12  miles  S.  of  Eureka.  Lumber,  grain,  Ac, 
are  shipped  here. 

Hooly-Onore,  hoo'lee-o-nOr',  a  town  and  fort  of 
India,  in  Mysore,  130  miles  N.W.  of  Seringapatam. 

Hoo-Nan,  or  Hon-Nan,  hoo^-nin'  ("south  of  the 
lake"),  a  province  of  China,  between  lat.  25°  and  30°  N. 
and  Ion.  109°  and  114°  E.,  bounded  southward  by  the 
Quang  provinces.  Surface  elevated,  but  fertile;  all  the 
rivers  are  tributaries  to  Lake  Tong-Ting-Hoo,  on  its  N. 
border,  and  whence  its  name.  Pop.  18,652,507.  Chief 
city,  Chang-Sha. 

Hoo'pa  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal., 
on  Trinity  River,  about  70  miles  W.N.W.  of  Shasta.  Here 
is  an  Indian  reservation. 

Hoo-Pe,  or  Hou-Pe,  hoo*-pi'  ("north  of  the  lake"), 
a  province  of  China,  between  lat.  29°  and  33°  N.  and  Ion. 
108°  and  116°  E.,  and  in  the  centre  of  China  proper.  It  is 
traversed  by  the  Yang-tse-Kiang.  Pop.  37,370,098.  Chief 
city,  Han-Keoo. 

Hoop'er,  a  post-village  of  Dodge  co..  Neb.,  on  the  Elk- 
horn  River,  and  on  the  Sioux  City  A  Pacific  Railroad,  15 
miles  N.  of  Fremont.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  2  acad- 
emies, a  newspaper  office,  a  butter-  and  cheese-factory,  Ac. 
Pop.  670. 

Hooper,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Union  township^ 
Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the 
Erie  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Binghamton. 

Hooper,  a  post-village  of  Weber  co.,  Utah,  near  Salli 
Lake,  7  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Ogden.  It  has  a  church,  a 
seminary,  and  manufactures  of  brooms  and  wooden-ware. 


HOO 


1422 


HOP 


Hooper's  Creek,  a  townabip  of  Ilendenon  oo.,  N.C. 
fop.  755. 

Uoop'er'a  laland,  an  island  in  the  Sea  of  Coroa,  off 
the  S.  ooMt  of  Quelpaort  Island,  in  lat.  32°  10'  N.,  Ion. 
1280  30'  E.  ... 

Hooper's  Mills,  a  post-ofnce  of  Cleburno  o«.,  Ala. 

Hooper's  Valley,  a  puat-huiulot  of  Tioga  co.,  N.Y.,  J 
mile  from  SiuithborouKh  Sution.     It  Las  a  grist-mill. 

Iloop'er^ville,  a  u(>!>t-huiulot  of  Durchostor  co.,  Md., 
on  CboHnumtke  liny,  and  on  Uoopor's  Island,  about  2S  miles 
N.W.  of  Crisfleld. 

Iloopcstun,  hoopa't^n,  a  post-villtigo  of  Vermilion  oo., 
III.,  on  the  Cbioaj?o,  Danville  it  Vinceiiiu'S  Kiiilroud  where 
it  crosses  ibe  lUoouiington  divi:-ion  of  the  Wiibiii'h  Rail- 
road, 34  utiles  N.  of  Danville,  and  104  miles  S.  of  Chicago. 
It  bivs  V  ohurohes,  2  bonks,  a  oollogo,  a  high  scboul,  can- 
ning-faotoric!),  brick-  iind  tile-wurks,  and  1  daily  and  2 
weekly  newspapers.     Pop.  in  1890,  lUU. 

Hoop  l*ule,  a  post-ullice  of  Uoss  vo.,  0. 

IIoo>Quang,  Ilou-Qiiaiig,  IIou-Kouang,  or 
IIu-KwHiij;,  lioo^-kw&ng',  a  fi)ruior  province  of  China, 
now  forming  the  provinces  of  IIoo-Nan  and  lloo-Pe,  and 
having  in  its  centre  the  largo  lake  of  Tong-Ting-Hoo, 

Uoormara,  hooR-ni&'rd,  a  seaport  town  of  lioloochis- 
tan,  province  of  Mckran,  on  the  Indian  Ocean,  in  lat.  26° 
25'  N.,  Ion.  65°  6'  E.     Top.  about  2000. 

Hoorn,  hOnn,  a  seaport  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
North  Holland,  on  the  Zuyder  Zee,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Am- 
eterdaiu.  It  has  ship-yards,  fisheries,  and  manufactures  of 
woollen  cloth,  sail-cloth,  &o.     Pop.  9764. 

Hoorn,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  at  the  S.  end  of 
tlie  island  of  Texel. 

Hoorn  (generally  called  Dc  Hoorn,  d&  hunn),  a  vil- 
lage of  the  Netherlands,  in  the  island  of  Terschelling. 

Hoorn,  South  America.    See  Capb  Ilonx. 

Hoorn,  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  in  the 
Boads  of  Batavia,  about  2  miles  N.E.  of  Onrust. 

Hoosac  (hoo'sak)  Mountain,  a  range  or  ridge  in 
Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  is  a  portion  of  the  Green  Mountains. 
The  Hoosac  Mountain  is  perforated  by  the  Iloosac  Tunnel, 
which  is  about  5  miles  long,  and  is  in  Berkshire  co. 

Hoosac  (or  Hoosick,  hoo'sjk)  River  rises  in  Berk- 
shire CO.,  Mass.,  and  runs  northwestward  through  Pownal 
township,  Vt.,  into  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.  It  finally  flows 
westward,  and  enters  the  Hudson  River  about  14  miles  above 
Troy.     It  is  nearly  90  miles  long. 

Iloosac  Tunnel,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Berkshire 
CO.,  Mass.,  in  Florida  township,  on  Deerfield  River,  and  on 
the  Vermont  <fc  Massachusetts  Railroad,  136  miles  W.  by  N. 
of  Boston.  It  is  at  the  E.  end  of  the  groat  tunnel  through 
the  Hoosikc  Mountain. 

Hoo-Sheoo-Shan,  or  Hou-Cheou-Chan,  hoo^- 
8hi-oo'-sh4n',  a  mountain  of  China,  in  Shan-See.  Lat.  39° 
20'  N.;  Ion.  111°  64'  E.  It  is  covered  with  perpetual  snow. 
.  Hoo'sic,  or  Hoosic  Corner,  a  post-village  of 
Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Hoosic  River,  in  a  township  of  the 
game  name,  and  on  the  Troy  &  Boston  Railroad,  36  miles  by 
irail  N.E.  of  Albany,  and  8  or  9  miles  W.  of  Bennington,  Vt. 
It  has  2  churches  and  about  30  houses.  The  township  con- 
tains Hoosic  Falls.     Total  pop.  in  1890,  10,471. 

Hoosic  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Rensselner  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Hoosic  River,  in  Hoosic  township,  and  on  the  Troy 
41;  Boston  Railroad,  27  miles  N.E.  of  Troy,  and  21  miles 
N.W.  of  North  Adams.  It  contains  6  churches,  a  bank, 
public  schools,  2  newspajier  oSices,  a  grist-mill,  iron-foun- 
dries, and  manufactures  of  reapers,  mowing-machines,  and 
potato-diggers.     Pop.  in  1890.  7014. 

Hoosic  Junction,  a  station  in  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y., 
st  the  junction  of  the  Troy  &  Bennington  Branch  with  the 
main  line  of  the  Troy  &  Boston  Railroad,  2  miles  N.W.  of 
Hoosic  Falls. 

,  Hoosier  Prairie,  hoo'zhgr  pra'ree,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Clay  CO.,  111.,  in  Hoosier  Prairie  township,  6  miles  E.  of 
Louisville.    The  township  contains  4  churcnes.     Pop,  1179. 

Hoosierville,  hoo'zh^r-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co., 
Ind.,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Brazil.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hoo'ver,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.,  in  Adams 
township,  on  the  Eel  River  Railroad,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Lo- 
gansport.     It  has  a  large  saw-mill. 

Hoover  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C,  on 
the  Uharee  River.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 
Gold  is  found  near  it. 

Hoover's,  a  former  po8t-o£Sce  and  station  of  Hampton 
CO.,  S.C,  on  the  Port  Royal  &  Augusta  Railroad,  about  1 
mile  from  the  present  village  of  Hampton  Court-House. 
.   Hoo'versburg,  a  post-office  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.,  about 
18  miles  N.  of  Peru. 


Hoo'ver's  Run,  a  post-o(fioo  of  Greene  co.,  Pa. 

lloo'versville,  or  Jes'sup's,  a  village  of  Anne 
Arundel  uo„  Md.,  at  Jessup's  Railroad  Station,  16  milei 
S.W.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  about  2U0. 
Here  is  Jessup's  Post-Offico, 

Hooversville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  oo.,  Pa.,  on 
Stony  Creek,  14  miles  S.  of  Johnstown.  It  has  a  flour, 
mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  120. 

Iloovcrton,  Pennsylvania.    See  HAitTiiANrr. 

Hopat'cong,  a  nost-hamlet  and  summer  resort  of 
Morris  oo.,  N.J.,  on  Ilopatcong  Lake,  at  Nolan's  Puint,  4 
miles  N.  of  Drnkesville,  and  50  miles  W. N.W.  of  Now  York. 
It  is  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Ogden  Mine  Railroad. 

Hopatcoug  Lake,  New  Jersey,  is  in  the  S.  part  of 
Sussex  CO.,  and  touches  the  W.  border  of  Morris  co.  It  is 
nearly  7  miles  long.     Its  outlet  is  the  Musconctcong  lUvcr. 

Hop  Bottom,  or  Fos'ter,  a  post-village  of  Susquo- 
Imnna  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  <t  Weistern 
Railroad,  27  miles  N.  of  Scranton.  It  has  2  churches,  2 
lumber-mills,  and  a  grii't-mill.  Pop.  about  400.  The  name 
of  its  post-office  is  Hop  Bottom. 

Hope,  or  Fas'tyn,  a  borough  of  Wales,  co.  of  Flint, 
on  the  Alon,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Mold.  The  town  has  an  an- 
cient church,  and  ruins  of  a  castle  built  prior  to  the  con 
quest  of  Wales  by  Edward  I.     Pop.  of  parish,  3516. 

Hope,  a  post-village  of  Ilemp.etead  co..  Ark.,  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  33  miles 
N.E.  of  Te.\urkana.  It  has  7  churches,  2  banks,  a  high 
school,  2  new.''pa)>ur  offices,  a  cotton-compress,  a  foundry, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  in  1890,  1937. 

Hope,  a  post-village  of  Kootenai  co.,  Idaho,  57  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Rathdrum.  It  has  a  church  and  a  news- 
paper office. 

Hope,  a  post-office  of  Vermilion  co..  III.,  8  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Fithian. 

Hope,  a  post-village  of  Bartholomew  co.,  Ind.,  on  Haw 
Creek,  12  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  6 
churches,  a  bank,  a  public  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
tile-factory,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  661. 

Hope,  an  incorporated  post-town  of  Dickinson  co., 
Kansas,  21  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Abilene.  It  has  5 
churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  &a.     Pop.  632. 

Hope,  a  post-town  of  Knox  co..  Me.,  about  10  miles  N. 
of  Rockland,  and  5  miles  W,  of  Penobscot  Bay.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  furniture-factory,  a  canning-factory,  Ac.  Pop. 
in  1890,641. 

Hope,  post-hnmlet  of  Midland  co.,  Mich.,  13  miles  N. 
by  W.  of  Midland.     It  has  lumber-  and  shingle-mills. 

Hope,  a  post-villiigeof  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  about  9  miles 
N.E.  of  Belvidere.    It  has  4  churches,  a  machine-shop,  <fee. 

Hope,  B  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Sacondaga  River,  about  6  miles  N.W.  of  Northville.  It 
has  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  of  the  township,  660. 

Hope,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  Steele  co.,  N.D., 
30  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Ripon.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  <tc.     Pop.  116. 

Hope,  a. post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  0.,  in  Plain  town- 
ship, about  16  miles  N.E.  of  Columbus.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hope,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co..  Pa.,  8  miles  N.  of 
Waynesburg. 

Hope,  a  station  on  the  Lehigh  &  Susquehanna  Rail- 
road, 6  miles  S.W.  of  Easton,  Pa. 

Hope,  a  post-village  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  on  the 
Pawtuxet  Valley  Railroad,  about  12  miles  S.W.  of  Provi 
dence.     It  has  a  church  and  a  cotton-mill.     Pop.  678. 

Hope,  a  township  of  Williamsburg  co.,  S.C.  Pop.  1591. 
It  contains  Gourdin's  Station  and  Grceleyville. 

Hope,  a  post-village  of  Lavaca  co.,  Tex.,  23  miles  N.E. 
of  Cuero.     It  has  2  churches,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Hope,  York  co.,  Ontario.     See  Shauo.v. 

Hope,  a  township  in  the  county  of  Bona  venture,  Quebec, 
on  the  N.  shore  of  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  9  miles  from 
Paspebiac.  It  contains  several  mills.  The  inhabitants 
are  chiefly  engaged  in  the  fisheries,  which  on  this  coast  are 
extensive.     Pop.  1459. 

Hope  Bay,  a  village  and  bay  on  the  N.E.  coast  of 
Jamaica,  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Port  Antonio.     Pop.  225. 

Hope  Church,  or  Six  Mile  Ferry,  a  post-villnge 
of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  in  Baldwin  township,  on  the  Monon- 
gahela  River,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Virginia  &  Charleston 
Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg.  Pop.  about  450.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Hope  Church.   Here  are  coal-mines. 

Hope'dalc,  a  post-office  of  Desha  co.,  Ark. 

Hopedale,  a  post-village  of  Tazewell  co.,  III.,  in  Hope- 
dale  township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad  (Jackson- 
ville division),  23  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Bloomington,  and  16 
miles  S.E.  of  Pekin.     It  has  2  churches,  a  flouring-mill,  i 


HOP 


1423 


HOP 


bank,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  a  high  school,  and  a  brlek-yard. 
Pop.  471 ;  of  the  township,  1409. 

Hopedale,  a  post-village  of  AVorcester  cc,  Mass., 
about  18  miles  S.E.  of  Worcester,  and  34  miles  S.W.  of 
Boston.  It  has  a  church,  a  machine-shop,  and  a  foundry. 
Pop.  of  Hopedale  township,  1176. 

Hopedale^  a  post-village  of  Harrison  co.,  0.,  in  Greene 
township,  about  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Steubenville,  and  6 
miles  N.E.  of  Cadiz.  It  contains  a  normal  school,  3 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  424. 

Hopedale  (Ger.  Hoffenthal,  hof'f§n-tir),  a  post  and 
Moravian  missionary  station  on  the  coast  of  Labrador. 
Lat.  55°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  60°  16'  W.     Pop.  283. 

Hope  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  N.Y.,  6 
miles  N.  of  Northville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

Hopefield,  a  post-village  of  Crittenden  co.,  Ark.,  on 
the  Memphis  &,  Little  Hock  Kailroad,  2  miles  W.  of  Mem- 
phis, from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  Mississippi  River. 
It  has  3  churches. 

Hope'ful,  a  post-office  of  Louisa  co.,  Va. 

Hope  Fur'nace,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vinton  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  46  miles  E.  of  Chilli- 
cotho.     It  has  a  church  and  an  iron-furnace. 

Hope  Furnace,  a  hamlet  of  Mifflin  co.,  Pa.,  7  miles 
B.W.  of  Lewistown. 

Hope  Hull,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ala. 
'■   Hope  Island,  off  the  S.E.  coast  of  Spitzbergen,  in  the 
•Arctic  Ocean,  in  lat.  76°  20'  N.,  Ion.  19°  54'  E. 

Hope  Islands,  a  group  off  the  E.  coast  of  Australia. 

Hope  3Iills,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.C, 

Hope  31ills,  Page  co.,  Va.     Sec  Springfield. 

Hope  Nose,  England,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Devonshire, 
'bounds  Torbay  on  the  N. 

Hope  River,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co..  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  21  miles  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  130. 
,   Hope  River,  Jamaica,  enters  the  Caribbean   Sea  5 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Kingston.     Length,  10  miles. 

Hope's  Advance  Bay,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Labrador, 
is  in  lat.  60°  N.,  Ion.  70°  W. 

.   Hope  Station,  a  post-office  of  Lexington  co.,  S.C,  on 
the  Greenville  <fc  Columbia  Railroad,  4  miles  \V.  of  Alston. 

Hope'ton,  a  post-village  of  Merced  co.,  Cal.,  about  20 
miles  N.  of  Merced  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  woollen-factory. 

Hopeton,  a  station  of  Ross  co.,  0.,  on  the  Scioto  Valley 
Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Chillicotho. 

'    Hope  Town,  a  village  of  Cape  Colony,  Africa,  on  the 
Orange  River,  60  miles  S.E.  of  Griqua  Town. 

Hope  Valley,  a  post-village  in  Hopkinton  township, 
Washington  co.,  R.I.,  on  the  Wood  River,  opposite  Locust- 
Ville,  and  at  the  terminus  of  the  Wood  River  Railroad,  5i 
miles  N.  of  Richmond  Switch,  and  about  22  miles  W.  of 
Newport.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices, 
machine-works,  and  manufactures  of  woollens. 

Hope  Vil'la,  a  post-village  of  East  Baton  Rouge 
parish,  La.,  on  Manchao  Bayou,  21  miles  N.  of  Donaldson- 
ville. 

Hope  Village,  Rhode  Island.     See  Hope. 

Hope'ville,  a  post-village  of  Clarke  co.,  Iowa,  in  Doyle 
township,  about  14  miles  S.W.  of  Osceola.  It  has  3  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  brooms  and  furniture. 

Hopeville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Wall  township,  3  miles  from  Ocean  Beach  Station.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  store. 

Hopeville,  a  post-office  of  Greenville  co.,  Va. 

Hopeville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co.,  W.  Va.,  38 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Keyser.     It  has  a  church. 

Hope'well,  a  township  of  Marshall  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Illinois  River.     Pop.  753. 

Hopewell,  a  post-office  of  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa,  about  24 
tailes  N.  of  Ottumwa. 

Hopewell,  a  post-office  of  Greenup  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Eastern  Kentucky  Railroad,  6J  miles  N.N.E.  of  Grayson. 

Hopewell,  a  post-office  of  Somerset  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Eastern  Shore  Railroad,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Crisfield. 

Hopewell,  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  co.,  Miss.,  32  miles 
E.  of  Grenada. 

Hopewell,  a  township  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.J.,  bor- 
dering on  the  navigable  Cohansey  Creek.     Pop.  1857. 

Hopewell,  a  post-village  in  Hopewell  township,  Mer- 
cer CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Mercer  <fc  Somerset  Railroad,  and  on 
the  Delaware  <fc  Bound  Brook  Railroad,  40  miles  N.E.  of 
Philadelphia,  and  about  12  miles  N.  of  Trenton.  It  has  4 
6hurches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  female  seminary. 
The  township,  which  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Delaware 
River,  contains  a  larger  village,  named  Pennington,  and 
one  named  Titusville.     Pop.  in  1890,  4438. 


Hopewell,  a  hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  in  Sparta 
township,  3i  miles  W.  of  Oak  Ridge  Station. 

Hopewell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.,  m 
Hopewell  township,  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  6 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Canandaigua.  The  township  has  4 
churches.     Pop.  of  township,  1825. 

Hopewell,  a  post-office  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.C.,  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Charlotte. 

Hopewell,  a  township  of  Licking  co.,  0.  Pop.  1009. 
It  contains  a  part  of  Gratiot. 

Hopewell,  a  township  of  Mercer  co.,  0.     Pop.  894. 

Hopewell,  a  post-township  of  Muskingum  co.,  0. 
Pop.  1763.  It  contains  the  village  of  Mount  Sterling, 
where  is  Hopewell  Post-Office. 

HopeAvell,  a  township  of  Perry  co.,  0.     Pop.  1260. 

Hopewell,  a  township  of  Seneca  co.,  0.  Pop.  1370. 
It  contains  Bascom. 

Hopewell,  a  township  of  Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Ohio 
River.     Pop.  1015.     It  has  beds  of  coal, 

Hopewell,  a  post-village  in  Broad  Top  township,  Bed- 
ford CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Huntingdon  &  Broad  Top  Railroad, 
and  on  the  Raystown  Branch  of  the  Juniata  River,  20 
miles  N.E.  of  Bedford.  It  has  3  churches,  an  iron-furnace, 
and  a  machine-shop. 

Hopewell,  a  township  of  Bedford  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1078. 
Its  E.  border  is  washed  by  the  Raystown  Branch  of  the 
Juniata. 

Hopewell,  a  hamlet  of  Berks  oo.,  Pa.,  in  Union  town- 
ship, 3  miles  from  Springfield  Railroad  Station.  Here  are 
the  Ilopcwell  Iron-Works. 

Hopewell,  a  borough  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Peach 
Bottom  Railroad,  3  or  4  miles  W.  of  Oxford.  It  has  a 
church,  a  flour-mill,  a  cheese-factory,  <tc.  Pop.  208.  Hera 
is  Hopewell  Cotton-AVorks  Post-Office. 

Hopewell,  a  township  of  Cumberland  co..  Pa.     P. 977, 

Hopewell,  a  township  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.     P.  412. 

Hopewell,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Pa.  Pop. 
804.     It  has  beds  of  coal. 

Hopewell,  a  township  of  York  co.,  Pa.,  bordering  on 
Maryland.  Pop.  3830.  It  contains  Stewartstown,  Hope- 
well Centre,  &o. 

Hopewell,  a  township  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C.     P.  1296. 

Hopewell,  a  township  of  Orangeburg  co.,  S.C.     P.  293. 

Hopewell,  a  post-office  of  York  co.,  S.C,  about  70 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Columbia. 

HopeAvell,  a  post-office  of  Burnet  co.,  Tex. 

Hopewell,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  W.  Va. 

Hope'well ,  a  post-village  in  Albert  CO.,  New  Brunswick, 
on  Shepody  Bay,  35  miles  S.E.  of  Salisbury.     Pop.  150. 

Hopewell,  a  post-village  in  Pictou  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
on  the  Intercolonial  Railway,  17  miles  S.  of  Pictou.  It 
contains  4  stores,  a  saw-mill,  a  spool -factory,  and  a  woollen- 
factory.     Pop.  200. 

Hopewell  Academy,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVarren  co.. 
Mo.,  10  miles  S.  of  Warrenton.     It  has  a  church. 

Hopewell  Cape,  the  chief  town  of  Albert  co..  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  Petitcodiac  River,  at  the 
head  of  Shepody  Bay,  29  miles  S.E.  of  Salisbury.  It  con- 
tains several  ship-yards  and  stores,  and  the  county  build- 
ings.    Pop.  500. 

Hopewell  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y., 
5  miles  E.  of  Canandaigua.     It  has  1  or  2  churches. 

Hopewell  Centre,  a  post-office  of  York  co.,  Pa, 
about  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lancaster. 

Hopewell  Corner,  a  post-village  in  Albert  co. 
New  Brunswick,  on  Shepody  Bay,  45  miles  S.E.  of  Salis- 
bury.    It  is  a  terminus  of  the  Albert  Railway.     Pop.  250. 

Hopewell  Cotton-Works,  Pa.    See  Hopewell. 

Hopewell  Cross  Roads, post-office,  Harford  co.,Md. 

Hopewell  Fur'nace,  a  post-village  of  AVashington 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  <fc  Southern  Rail- 
road, 66  miles  S.S.AV.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  a  church,  a 
smelting-furnace  for  lead,  and  mines  of  lead  and  zinc. 

Hopewell  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Albert  co..  New 
Brunswick,  on  Shepody  Bay,  37  miles  S.E.  of  Salisbury 
Poj).  500. 

Hopewell  Junction,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Newburg,  Dutchess  <fe  Connecticut  Railroad,  at 
its  junction  with  the  New  York  &  New  England  Railroad, 
13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Newburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hopewell  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co., 
Tenn.,  15  miles  E.  of  Sweetwater.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  high  school. 

Ilopital,  Li',  France.    See  Albert-Ville. 

Hop'kins,  a  county  in  the  AV.  part  of  Kentucky,  hoa 
an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  Pond  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Tradewater  River. 


POP 


^42A 


HOR 


Ailfarfkoe  is  rartlj  hilly,  nnd  mostly  covered  with  forect*. 
^IVilon  it  fertile.  TubtMoo,  Indian  corn,  pork,  and  grau 
Jtn  til*  staple  produoU.  This  county  hu  Wis  of  bituuii- 
,^ous  ooal.  It  Is  traversed  by  the  Ne«rport  News  &  Missis- 
.■tppi  River  Railroad  and  the  Louisville  <fc  Nushvilio  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Madinonville.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,827;  in 
188U,  10.122;  in  18UU,  23,605. 

Hopkins^  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
area  of  760  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Sulphur 
Fork  of  Red  River  and  by  White  Oak  Cteck.  The  surface 
is  undulating  or  moderately  uneven.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
A  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  Cotton,  cattle, 
maise,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  It  is  intersecteii  by  the 
East  Line  &  Red  River  Railroad  and  the  St.  Louis  &  South- 
western Riiilruad.  Capital,  Sulphur  Springs.  Pop.  in 
1870,  12.651 ;  in  1880,  15,461 ;  in  1890,  20,572. 

Hopkins^  a  post-township  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
1821.    It  contains  Hopkins  Station. 

Hopkins,  a  post-village  of  Hennepin  oo.,  Minn.,  8 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Minneapolis.  It  has  3  ohurohes,  a 
newspaper  oflSce,  and  manufactures  of  threshing-machines. 
Pop.  800. 

Hopkins,  a  post- village  of  Nodaway  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  &  Council  Blufl's  Railroad,  which 
hero  connects  with  the  Creston  Branch  of  the  Chicago, 
Burlington  A  Quinoy  Railroad,  60  miles  N.  of  St.  Joseph, 
and  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bedford,  Iowa.  It  has  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  graded  school,  a  bank,  4  churches,  <tc.     Pop.  846. 

Hopkins'  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Qreone  co.,  Pa.,  about 
44  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pittsburg. 

Hopkins  Mills,  a  hoinlet  in  Foster  township,  Provi- 
dence CO.,  R.I.,  16  miles  W.  of  Providence.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  69.     Hero  is  South  Foster  Post-Office. 

Hopkins  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  railroad  between  Allegan  and  Grand  Rapids,  8  miles 
N.E.  of  Allegan.     It  has  a  lumber-mill  and  2  or  3  stores. 

Hopkins  Turnout,  a  post-office  of  Richland  co.,  S.C, 
at  Hopkins  Station  on  the  South  Carolina  Railroad,  12 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Columbia. 

Hop'kinsville,a  city,  capital  of  Christian  co.,  Ky.,  on 
Little  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis  it  Southeastern  Railroad, 
74  miles  S.  of  Henderson,  and  71  miles  N.W.  of  Nashville, 
Tenn.  It  contains  a  court-house,  8  churches,  an  asylum 
for  the  insane,  founded  by  the  state,  4  banks,  4  newspaper 
offices,  2  female  colleges,  an  academy  for  boys,  and  manu- 
factures of  farming-implements,  wagons,  ice,  &a.  Pop.  in 
1890,  683.3. 

Hopkinsville,  a  post-hnmlet  in  Hamilton  township, 
Warren  co.,  0.,  2  miles  from  South  Lebanon.  It  has  a  church. 

Hop'kinton,  a  post-village  in  South  Fork  township, 
Delaware  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  South  Fork  of  the  Maquoketa 
River,  and  on  the  Davenport  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  74  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Davenport,  and  about  35  miles  W.S.W.  of  Du- 
buque. It  has  the  Lenox  Collegiate  lui'titute,  3  churuhcs, 
a  bank,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  668. 

Hopkinton,  a  post-village  in  Hopkinton  township, 
Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  New  York  <fc  New  England 
Railroad,  about  28  miles  W.S.W.  of  Boston,  and  15  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Worcester.  It  has  3  churches,  a  national  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  boots.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  4503. 

Hopkinton,  an  incorporated  post-town  of  Merrimack 
CO.,  N.ll.,  on  the  Contoocook  River,  8  miles  W.  of  Concord. 
It  has  4  churches,  common  schools,  a  newspaper  office,  a  silk- 
mill,  a  tannery,  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  butter. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1817. 

Hopkinton,  a  post-village  in  Hopkinton  township, 
St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  near  the  St.  Regis  River,  about  40 
miles  E.  of  Ogdensburg.  It  has  a  church  and  a  starch- 
factory.  Pop.  200.  The  township  is  mostly  covered  with 
forests,  and  is  about  40  miles  long.     Pop.  1956. 

I'  Hopkinton.,  a  post-village  in  Hopkinton  township, 
Washington  co.,  R.I.,  4  miles  W.  of  Woodville  Railroad 
Station.  It  has  4  churches  and  2  carriage-factories.  Pop. 
115.  The  township  is  bounded  E.  by  Wood  River,  and  S.  by 
Charles  River,  and  contains  also  villages  named  Ashaway, 
llope  Valley,  Woodville,  and  Locustville.     Pqp.  2760, 

Ilop'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mendocino  oo.,  Cal.,  near 
Russian  River,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Cloverdale.  It  has  a 
church.     Many  hops  are  grown  here. 

Hop'penville,  a  post-hamlct  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa., 
about  20  miles  S.  of  Allentown. 

Hop'per's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henderson  co..  111., 
about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Monmouth.     It  has  a  church. 

Hop'pertoAVn,  a  post-office  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  and 
a  station  on  the  Chicago  &,  Michigan  Lake  Shore  Railroad, 
6  miles  N.  of  Grand  Junction. 


Hop'ping, a  station  in  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Port 
Monmouth  Branch  of  the  New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad, 
li  miles  S.  of  Port  Monmouth. 

Hop  River,  a  small  stream  of  Tolland  oo.,  Coon.,  falli 
into  the  Willimautic  River. 

Hop  River,  a  stiUion  in  Tolland  oo..  Conn.,  on  the 
Hartford,  Providence  &  Fishkill  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of 
Willimantio. 

Hoquiam,  ho'kwe-^m,  a  post-village  of  Chchnlis  co., 
Washington,  14  miles  (direct)  W.  of  Montesano.  It  has  Z 
churches,  2  banks,  a  ncw^'papcr  office,  saw-mills,  <to.  Pop, 
1302. 

Hoquiam  (or  Hoquium)  River,  Chelmlisoo.,  Waslt- 
ington,  runs  S.W.,  and  enters  Gray's  Harbor. 

Hor,  a  mountain  of  Arabia  Petra^a,  on  the  E.  side  of 
the  Arabah,  between  the  Dead  Sea  and  the  head  of  the 
Gulf  of  Akabah,  forming  part  of  Mount  Seir.  On  tb« 
loftiest  of  its  3  peaks  is  the  reputed  tomb  of  Aaron. 

Hor 'ace,  a  post-office  of  Edgar  co..  III.,  on  the  Paris  k 
Danville  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Paris.     Here  is  a  church. 

Horace,  a  post-hamlct  of  Audubon  co.,  Iowa,  in  Greeley 
township,  7  miles  from  Exira. 

Horace,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  N.D.,  8  miles  S.W. 
of  Fargo. 

Horatio,  ho-r&'sho,  a  post-hamlct  of  Darke  co.,  0.,  16 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Piqua.     It  has  a  church. 

Horatio,  a  post- village  of  Jefferson  co..  Pa.,  11  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Winslow.     It  has  2  churohe?,  coal-mines,  Ac. 

Horazdiowitz,  ho-r&z-do-o'^its,  or  Horawitz,  bo'- 
r4-<^its,  a  town  of  Bohemi.a,  63  miles  S.S.W.  of  Prague.  Pop. 
2679.     It  has  paper-mills,  and  manufactures  of  cloth,  Ac. 

Horb,  hoKD,  a  town  of  Wurtemberg,  Black  Forest,  on 
the  Neckar,  31  miles  S.W.  of  Stuttgart.  Pop.  2043.  It  has 
a  cnstle  and  a  rich  hospital. 

Hor'bury,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  3  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Wakefield.     Pop.  of  township,  3977. 

HorciUada,or  Horcaxada,  0R-kS,-ii&'D&,  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  of  Cuenca,  50  miles  S.E.  of  Madrid. 

Horc^o  de  Santiago,  on-ki'no  di  sin-te-l'go,  a 
town  of  Spain,  43  miles  S.W.  of  Cuenca.     Pop.  2067. 

Horcasitas,  oR-ki-sco'tiLs,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of 
Tamaulipas,  70  miles  S.  of  Nuevo  Santander. 

Horcera,  0R-thd,'ril,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalnsia,  60 
miles  from  Jaen,  W.  of  the  Sierra  de  Penolta. 

Horche,  hon'chi,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  7 
miles  from  Guadalajara.     Pop.  1881. 

Ilord,  or  Hoard,  hord,  a  post-hamlct  of  Clay  co.,  HI., 
about  32  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Vandalia.     It  has  a  church. 

Hordt,  hontt  (almost  hditt),  a  village  of  Rhenish  Ba- 
varia,  on  the  Rhino.     Pop.  1533. 

Horeb,  ho'rSb,  a  mountain  of  Arabia,  in  the  peninsula 
of  Sinai,  forming  the  N.  end  of  the  ridge.    See  Sinai. 

Ho'reb,  a  post-office  of  Pope  co.,  Minn. 

Horeb,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  co.,  Va.,  9  miles  S.W. 
of  Liberty.     It  has  a  church. 

Horgen,  hou'gh^n,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Zurich,  on  the  W.  shore  of  its  lake,  8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Zurich. 
It  has  manufactures  of  silks  and  cotton  stuffs.     Pop.  5199. 

Horice,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Horitz. 

Hor'icon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Martin  co.,  Minn.,  in  Rut- 
land  township,  15  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Winnebago. 

Horicon,or  South  Uoricon,  a  post-hamlet  in  Ilor- 
icon  township,  Warren  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Schroon  River,  20  miles 
W.N. W.  of  Whitehall.  It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery.  The 
township  is  mountainous.     Pop.  of  township,  1543. 

Horicon,  a  post-village  in  Hubbard  township.  Dodge 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  Rock  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A 
St.  Paul  Railroad,  St.  Paul  division,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Oshkosh  Branch,  at  the  S.  end  or  outlet  of  Horicon  Lake, 
28  milos  S.  by  W.  of  Fond  du  Lac,  and  54  miles  N.W,  of 
Milwaukee.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  2 
manufactories  of  broad-cast  seed-sowers.     Pop.  1190. 

Horicon  Centre,  a  hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Horicon  township,  10  miles  E.  of  Riverside  Railroad  Station. 
It  has  a  tannery. 

Horicon  Lake,  New  Y'ork.    See  Lake  George. 

Horicon  Lake,  Wisconsin,  formerly  called  Winne- 
bago Marsh,  is  in  the  N.  part  of  Dodge  co.,  and  touches 
the  S.  part  of  Fond  du  Lac  co.  It  is  about  15  miles  long 
and  6  miles  wide,  and  discharges  its  sun^lus  water  by  Rock 
River,  which  issues  from  the  S.  end  of  the  lake. 

Horine  (ho'rin)  Station,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  A  Southern  Rail- 
road, 29  miles  S,  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  a  church,  and  a 
quarry  of  white  sand  used  in  the  manufacture  of  glass, 

Horitz,  or  Horice,  ho'rits,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  10 
miles  N.E,  of  Bidschow,  on  the  Bistritz.    Top.  5681. 


HOR 


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Hormooz,  or  Hormuz,  Persia.    See  Ormus. 

Horn,  honn,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria,  46  miles  N.W.  of 
Vienna.     Pop.  2138. 

Horn,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Lippe,  10  miles  S.  of 
Lemgo.    Pop.  1717. 

Horn,  hoRn,  or  Home,  hoR'n?h  (Fr.  Homes,  hoRn), 
a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Limburg,  2  miles  AV.  by  N. 
of  Roermond.     Pop.  949. 

Horn,  a  post-office  of  Jasper  co.,  Iowa,  8  miles  N.  of 
Newton. 

Hornachos,oR-ni'choce,  formerly  Hornos,  or'hoco, 
a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estreraadura,  46  miles  S.E.  of  Badajos. 
It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  soap,  <fec.    Pop.  3705. 

Horn-Afvan,  hoRn-if'vin,  an  extensive  lake  in 
Swedish  Lapland,  about  lat.  66°  N.  and  between  Ion.  16° 
and  18°  E.  Length,  from  N.N.W.  to  S.S.E.,  50  miles; 
breadth,  10  miles.  It  discharges  itself  into  the  Gulf  of 
Bothnia  by  the  river  Skellefted. 

Hornbach,  hoRn'biK,  Alt,  ilt,  and  Neu,  noi,  two 
contiguous  villages  of  Rhenish  Bavaria,  on  the  Hornbach 
River,  5  miles  S.  of  Deux-Ponts.     United  pop.  1803. 

Hornberg,  hoRn'b^RO,  a  town  of  Baden,  in  the  Black 
Forest,  23  miles  N.E.  of  Freiburg,  with  an  old  castle. 
Pop.  2234. 

Horn'brook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Susquehanna  River,  about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Elmira, 
N.Y.,  and  3  miles  above  Towanda.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
quarry  of  flagstone, 

Hornburg,  hoRn'bo5RG,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
45  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Magdeburg.     Pop.  2455. 

Horn'by,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  on  the 
AVenning,  at  its  junction  with  the  Lune,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Lancaster. 

Horn'by,  a  post-villago  in  Hornby  township,  Steuben 
CO.,  N.Y.,  8  miles  N.  of  Corning,  and  about  18  miles  N.  of 
Elmira.  It  has  3  churches,  a  saw-mill,  2  wagon-shops,  and 
2  shingle-mills.  The  local  name  of  the  village  is  Hornby 
Forks.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1317. 

Horn,  Cape,  South  America.    See  Cape  Horn. 

Horn'castle,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  18  miles 
-E.S.E.  of  Lincoln.  It  is  on  a  railway,  and  on  the  river 
'Bane,  which  is  navigable.  The  town  has  remains  of 
Roman  fortifications,  a  church,  a  grammar-school,  a  work- 
house, a  branch  bank,  Ac,  with  tanneries.     Pop.  4865. 

Horne,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Horn. 

Horneburg,  hoR'n^h-bOoRO^  a  village  of  Prussia,  in 
Hanover,  8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Stade.     Pop.  1570. 

Hor'ueilsville,  a  city  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Canisteo  River,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  332  miles  W.N.W. 
of  New  York,  91  miles  E.S.E.  of  Buffalo,  and  about  60 
miles  S.  of  Rochester.  It  is  at  the  junction  of  two  divi- 
sions of  the  railroad,  one  of  which  terminates  at  Buflfaio 
and  the  other  at  Dunkirk.  It  contnins  9  churches,  a  con- 
vent, 2  national  banks,  2  other  banks,  a  public  library  of 
10,000  volumes,  a  free  academy,  a  business  college,  railroad 
repair-shops,  3  daily  and  3  weekly  newspaper  offices,  and 
manufactures  of  mowing-machines,  electric  supplies,  fur- 
niture, wire  fencing,  "Jersey"  fabric,  glove.«,  silk  goods, 
leather,  shoes,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  10,996. 

Hor'nerstown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  railroad  between  Ilightstown  and  Pemberton,  10  miles 
6.  of  Ilightstown.     It  has  a  church. 

Hor'nersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dunklin  co..  Mo.,  60 
miles  S.  of  Dexter. 

Homes,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Horn. 

Hornhausen,  hoRn'how^z^n,  a  village  of  Prussian 
Baxony,  21  miles  AA^.S.AV.  of  Magdeburg.     Pop.  3049. 

Horn'head,  a  bold,  rocky  promontory  on  the  N.  coast 
of  Ireland,  co.  of  Donegal,  between  Dunfanaghy  Harbor  and 
the  Atlantic. 

Horn'ing'8  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Grey  co.,  Ontario, 
on  a  branch  of  the  Nottawasaga  River,  and  on  the  Toronto, 
Grey  &  Bruce  Railway,  20  miles  N.  of  Orangeville.  It  has 
2  saw-mills,  2  grist-mills,  a  woollen-factory,  and  3  stores. 
Pop.  150. 

Ilornitos,  or  Hornitas,  hor-nee'tos,  a  post-village 
of  Mariposa  co.,  Cal.,  16  miles  N.AV.  of  Mariposa.  It  has 
5  general  stores.     Gold  is  found  near  it. 

Horn  Lake,  a  post-village  of  De  Soto  co..  Miss.,  on 
the  Mississippi  &  Tennessee  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Mem- 
phis.    It  has  2  churches  and  10  stores. 

Hornos,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Hornachob. 

Hornos  (hoR'noce  or  oR'noce)  Islands,  a  group  of  8 
•islets  in  the  Rio  de  la  Plata,  31  miles  N.E.  of  Buenos  Ayres. 

Hornoy,  hou^nwi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Sommo,  20 
miles  AV.S  AV.  of  Amiens.     Pop.  1083. 

HorusboFongh,  homz'biir-rilh,  a  post'hamlet  of  Ches- 


terfield CO.,  S.C.,  15  miles  S.  of  Beaver  Dam,  N.C.  It  has  a 
church. 

Hornsby,  homz'be,  a  post-office  of  Macoupin  co..  111., 
at  Clyde  Station  on  the  Indianapolis  A  St.  Louis  Railroad, 
50  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Louis. 

Horn's  Comers,  a  post-office  of  Ozaukee  co.,  AVis. 

Horns  Creek,  township,  Edgefield  co.,  S.C.     P.  1945. 

Horn's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Miller  co.,  Ga. 

Horn'sea,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  East 
Riding,  on  the  North  Sea,  14  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  ctf 
Hull.     It  is  much  frequented  as  a  watering-place. 

Horn'sey,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Middlesex,  on 
the  New  River,  5i  miles  N.N.AV.  of  St.  Paul's,  London.  It 
has  many  handsome  mansions,  and  an  interesting  church 
built  in  the  sixteenth  century.     Pop.  11,746. 

Horn's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  N.H.,  about 
40  miles  N.E.  of  Concord. 

Horn's  Pier,  a  post- village  of  Door  co.,  AVis.,  on  Lake 
Michigan,  about  44  miles  N.E.  of  Green  Bay.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Horn's  Siding,  a  station  In  AVarren  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Philadelphia  A  Erie  Railroad,  47  miles  S.E.  of  Erie. 

Horn's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Grayson  co.,  Ky. 

Horn'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Accomack  co.,  Va.,  near 
the  sea,  and  about  22  miles  E.  of  Crisfield,  Md.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  about  150. 

Hornu,  hoR'nU',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  6 
miles  by  rail  AV.  of  Mens.  Pop.  5550,  forming  a  colony  of 
miners.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Horodenka,  ho-ro-den'ki,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Gall- 
cia,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Kolomea.     Pop.  8824. 

Horodlo,  ho-rod'lo,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  Lublin,  on 
the  Bug,  38  miles  E.N.E.  of  Zamosz.     Pop.  1400. 

Horodnia,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Gorodnia. 

Horowitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  IIouzowitz. 

Horrea  Celia,  the  ancient  name  of  Zamora. 

Horr's  Ranch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stanislaus  co.,  Cal., 
about  28  miles  E.  of  Modesto.     It  has  a  church. 

Horrstein,  or  Horstein,  hoR'stine,  a  town  of  Ba- 
varia, in  Lower  Franconia,  8  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Aschaffenbnrg, 

Horrues,  hoR^Rii',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut, 
11  miles  N.N.E.  of  Mens.     Pop.  2700. 

Horry,  orVee',  the  most  eastern  county  of  South  Caro- 
lina, has  an  area  of  about  900  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  S.E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the  AV.  by  the 
Little  Pedoe  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  AVaecamaw 
River.  The  Great  Pedee  also  touches  its  S.AV.  border.  The 
surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  partly  occupied  by  marshes 
and  extensive  forests  of  pine,  Ac.  The  soil  is  mostly  sandy. 
Rice,  Indian  corn,  pork,  and  sweet  potatoes  are  the  staple 
products.  The  AVilmington,  Columbia  A  Augusta  Railroad 
touches  the  N.  extremity  of  this  county,  and  the  Atlantic 
Coast  Line  traverses  it.  Capital,  Conway.  Pop.  in  1870, 
10,721  ;  in  1880,  15,674;  in  1890,  19,256. 

Ilorschitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Horitz. 

Ilor'sea  Island,  a  small  island  in  Portsmouth  harbor, 
England,  1  mile  E.  of  Porchester. 

Horse  Branch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ohio  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville,  Paducah  A  Southwestern  Railroad,  9(5  miles 
S.AV.  of  Louisville. 

Horse  Cave,  a  station  in  Hart  co.,  Ky.    See  Caverna. 

Horse  Cove,  a  post-office  of  Macon  co.,  N.C. 

Horse  Cove,  a  fishing  hamlet  in  Newfoundland,  14 
miles  from  St.  John's.     Pop.  105. 

Horse  Creek,  Illinois,  rises  in  Marion  co.,  runs  soilth- 
eastward  through  Jefferson  co.,  and  enters  the  Skillet  Fork 
in  AVayne  co. 

Horse  Creek,  Missouri,  rises  in  Dade  co.,  and  runi 
N.AV.  into  Barton  co.,  from  which  it  flows  N.E.  in  Cedar  co. 
until  it  enters  Sac  River.     It  is  about  80  miles  long. 

Horse  Creek,  AVyoming,  rises  in  the  S.  part  of  Lara- 
mie CO.,  runs  northeastward,  and  enters  the  North  Fork  of 
the  Platte  River  in  Lyon  co..  Neb.,  about  2  miles  from  the 
AV.  boundary  of  Nebraska. 

Horse  Creek,  or  Newport,  a  hamlet  of  Barton  co.. 
Mo.,  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Nevada.  It  has  2  churches.  Hero 
is  Newport  Post-Office. 

Horse  Creek,  a  township  of  Dade  oo.,  Mo.     Pop.  597. 

Horse  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C,  10 
miles  AV.N.AV.  of  Jefi"erson.     Pop.  813. 

Horse  Creek,  a  station  in  Aiken  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
South  Carolina  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Hamtjurg. 

Horse  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Tenib, 
about  7  miles  E.  of  Greeneville. 

Horse  Head,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prince  George's  co., 
Md.,  about  24  miles  S.S.E.  of  AVashington,  D.C 

Horse'head  Creek,  a  station  of  Johnson  co.,  Atk^ 


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1426 


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on  tha  Littia  Roak  A  Fort  Smith  Railroad,  57  milaa  S.  of 

Fort  Smith. 

Ilorso'heada*  a  po8t-villa;;e  of  Chomung  CO.,  N.T.,  in 
Hortehaiwls  to^Tnship,  on  tbo  Chomung  Canal,  the  Utica, 
Ithaoa  A  Elmira  Ritilroad,  nnd  tho  Northern  Central  Rail- 
roftd,  5  or  6  miles  N.  of  Elmira.  It  has  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper oflioe,  a  union  sohoul,  (>  churches,  iron-works,  at4in- 
nerjr,  a  briok-yard,  and  uiaiiufucturcs  of  lumber,  bridges, 
and  Kboes.  The  Chemung  nuvigitble  feeder  extends  from 
this  point  to  Cuming.     Pop.  in  18U0,  1716. 

Horse  Island,  in  Laico  Ontario,  and  in  Jefferson  co., 
N.Y.,  has  an  area  of  27  acres.  It  is  2  miles  from  Suokett's 
lliirbor,  and  has  a  light-house. 

Ilorso  Island,  an  island  in  Lake  Huron,  S.E.  of 
Great  Manituulin  Island. 

Hdrscl,  hou'sfll,  or  Ilersel,  hSn'sel,  a  river  of  Ger- 
many, rises  in  the  principality  of  Gotha,  and,  after  a  N.  and 
W.  course  of  25  miles,  joins  the  Werra  4  miles  S.  of  Kreuz- 
burg.    £i.<cnach  is  on  its  banks. 

Iliirsclbcrg,  hoii'sQl-b5iH!\  a  mountain-range  of  Ger- 
many, between  Eisenach  and  Kreuzburg,  1540  feet  high. 

Ilorseley's  (hSrsa'lIz)  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Nel- 
son CO.,  Va.,  on  James  River,  25  miles  below  Lynchburg. 

Ilor'sen,  or  Horsens,  hon's^ns,  a  town  of  Denmark, 
in  Jutland,  25  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Aarhuus,  on  the  llor- 
sens-Fiord.  Pop.  10,501.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  several 
churches,  2  market-places,  a  good  harbor,  and  an  export 
trade  in  corn  and  tallow. 

Horse  Pas'ture,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  Va.,  32 
miles  N.W.  of  Reidsville,  N.C.  It  has  a  ohuroh  and  a 
tobacco-factory. 

Horse  Plains,  a  post-office  of  Missoula  co.,  Montana. 

Horse  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-office  of  Beaver  Head 
ao.,  Montana. 

Horse  Shoe,  a  post-office  of  Henderson  co.,  N.C. 

Horse  Shoe  Bend,  a  post-office  of  BoisS  co.,  Idaho. 

Horse  Shoe  Bend,  a  post-office  of  Scott  oo.,  Tenn. 

Horse  Shoe  Bottom,  a  post-office  of  Russell  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Cumberland  River. 

Horse  Shoe  Falls,  a  post-bamlet  of  Warren  co., 
,Tenn.,  on  the  Caney  Fork,  10  miles  N.E.  of  McMinnville. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Horse  Shoe  Mountain,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  P.ark 
Range,  in  tho  South  Park.  Altitude,  13,842  feet  above  the 
sea-level.     It  is  formed  of  granite  and  stratified  quartzite. 

Horse  Shoe  Run,  a  post-office  of  Preston  co.,  W.  Va. 

Hor'sey  Island,  on  the  E.  coaat  of  Essex,  England,  is 
4i  miles  S.S.W.  of  Harwich. 

Horsham,  hors'am,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Sus- 
sex, on  the  Adur,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Chichester,  and  37  miles 
S.S.W.  of  London,  at  a  railway  junction.  It  has  a  vener- 
able parish  church,  a  grammar-school,  a  handsome  town 
iall  and  court-house,  a  county  jail,  a  workhouse,  a  market- 
nouse,  and  a  bank.  Tho  borough  sends  one  member  to  tho 
House  of  Commons.    Pop.  of  parliamentary  borough,  10,741. 

Hors'ham,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Horsham  township,  16  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a 
J'riends'  meeting.  The  township  is  traversed  by  the  North- 
cast  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  and  contains  Prospectville. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1382. 

Horst,  hoRst,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Limbnrg, 
18  miles  N.  of  Roermond.     Pop.  3735. 
■    Horst,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Holstein,  8  miles  E.  of 
Qliickstadt,  on  the  Kiel  &  Altona  Railway.     Pop.  2030. 

H5rstein,  a  town  of  Bavaria.    See  Horrstein. 

Horstmar,  hoRst'maR,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  West- 
phalia, 16  miles  N.W.  of  MUnster.     Pop.  1509. 

Horta,  oR'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  50  miles 
S.W.  of  Tarragona,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Ebro.     Pop.  2263. 

Horta,  oR't&,  or  San  Gines  de  Agudells  de 
Horta,  sin  uee'nfis  di  i-goo-Dfils  di  OR'ti,  a  village  of 
Spain,  in  Catalonia,  4  miles  from  Barcelona.     Pop.  1855. 

Horta,  hoR'ti  or  OK'ti,  a  seaport  town  of  the  Azores, 
capital  of  the  island  of  Fayal,  on  its  S.E.  coast.  Pop.  7636. 
It  is  pretty  well  built,  though  very  irregularly  laid  out. 

Horten,  hoR't^n,  a  town  of  Norway,  on  the  Gulf  of 
Christiania,  opposite  Moss,  32  miles  S.  of  Christiania.  It  is 
the  chief  naval  port  of  the  kingdom  and  station  of  the 
fleet,  and  bos  an  arsenal  and  building-yards.     Pop.  6192. 

HorHense',  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Lake  co., 
Col..,  80  miles  from  Canon  City. 

Horton,  or  Great  Horton,  a  town  of  England,  oo. 
of  York,  West  Riding,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Bradford,  of  which 
it  forms  a  suburb.     Pop.  40,725. 

HOr'ton,  a  post-village  of  Bremer  co.,  Iowa,  in  Polk 
township,  about  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Charles  City,  and  1  mile 
^  of  the  Cedar  River.    It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 


Horton,  a  city  of  Brown  oo.,  Kansas,  27  miles  by  rail 
W.8.W.  of  Troy,  and  11  miles  (direct)  S.  of  lliawiithii.  U 
bus  6  churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  railroad  oar- 
building  and  repair-shops,  Ao,     Pop.  3310. 

Horton,  Jackson  co.,  Mich.     See  Baldwin's. 

Hor'ton,  a  seaport  town  of  Nova  Scotia.  Kings  co.,  on 
an  arm  of  Minas  Basin,  opposite  Cornwallis,  63  uiilea 
N.N.W.  of  Halifax.     See  Okand  Pr£. 

Horto'nin,  a  township  of  Outagamie  eo.  Wis.,  bounded 
N.  by  Wolf  River.     Pop.  1095.     It  contains  Hortonville. 

Hor'ton  Land'iug,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  Novo 
Scotia,  on  Gosporeaux  River,  and  on  tho  Windsor  A  An- 
napolis Railroad,  59  miles  N.W.  of  Halifax.  Stoamcrs  run 
between  here  and  I'arrsborough.     Pop.  200. 

Hor'ton  Uiver,  in  East  Australia,  flows  N.,  and  joini 
Qwydir  River  in  lat.  29'  45'  S.,  Ion.  150°  60'  E. 

Horton's,  a  station  in  Pike  co..  111.,  on  the  Quincy, 
Alton  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  33  miles  S.E.  of  Quincy. 

Horton's,  Indiana  co..  Pa.    See  Smithport. 

Horton's  Store,  post-offiee.  Prince  William  eo.,  Va. 

Hor'tonville,  a  hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Del- 
aware township,  2  miles  from  Callicoon  Depot.  It  hu  a 
church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  straw-papor-mill. 

Hortonville,  a  post-office  of  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  about 
15  miles  N.W.  of  Rutland. 

Hortonville,  a  post-village  of  Outagamie  co.,  Wi^.,  on 
the  Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore  A  Western  Railroad,  14  milei 
W.N.W.  of  Appleton.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school, 
a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-  and 
planing-mill,  a  creamery,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  440. 

Horv&th  Orszdg,  the  native  name  of  Croatia. 

Horzitz,  or  Horzicze,  Bohemia.     See  Horitz. 

Horzowitz,  hoR'zo-*its\  or  Horowitz,  ho'ro-^its*, 
a  town  of  Bohemia,  12  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Beraun.  Pop, 
3119,  engaged  in  mines  of  iron,  coal,  silver,  and  mercury, 
and  in  manufactures. 

Hosch's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Ga. 

Hosensack,  bo'z^n-sak,  a  post-haralct  of  Lehigh  co., 
Pa.,  in  Lower  Milford  township,  i  mile  from  the  I'erkiomcn 
Railroad.     Hosensack  Station  is  15  miles  S.  of  Allcntown. 

HoshUarpoor',  or  Hushiarpur,  hoosh'e-ar-poor', 
a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the  Hoshiarpoor  district,  25 
miles  N.E.  of  Jullinder.     Pop.  12,964. 

Hoshiarpoor,  or  Hushiarpur,  a  district  of  India, 
in  tho  Jullinder  division  of  the  Punjab,  lying  between  the 
Beas  and  the  Sutlej.  Area,  2086  square  miles.  Capital, 
Hoshiarpoor.     Pop.  938,890. 

Hoshnngabad,  or  Hoshangabad,  ho-shung"4- 
b&d',  written  also  Hosungabad,IIoseinabad,  IIu8> 
singabad,  Hoshingabad,  and  Hnssangabad,  a 
town  of  India,  capital  of  the  Hoshungabad  district,  on  the 
Nerbudda  River,  68  miles  N.  of  Baitool.     Pop.  13,070. 

Hoshungabad,  a  district  of  India,  Central  Provinces, 
in  the  Nerbudda  division.  Area,  4376  square  miles.  It  is 
very  fertile,  and  in  part  level ;  but  the  hill-country  is 
densely  timbered.     Capital,  Hoshungabad.     Pop.  440,180. 

Hos'kins,  a  station  in  Simsbury  township,  Hartford 
CO.,  Conn.,  on  the  Connecticut  Western  Railroad,  13i  miles 
from  Hartford. 

Hoskins,  a  post-office  of  Woodbury  co.,  Iowa,  7  miles 
from  Siou.x  City. 

Hos'kinsvill  e,  a  post-hamlet  of  Noble  co.,  0.,  about  30 
miles  N.  of  Marietta.     It  has  a  church. 

Hosmer,  hoz'm^r,  a  hamlet  of  Pike  co.,  Ind.,  about  2'! 
miles  S.E.  of  Vincennes. 

Hos'per,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Sioux  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Sioux  City  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  50  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Sioux  City.     It  has  a  church,  a  store,  and  a  hotel. 

Hos^pett',  or  Hospet'ta,  a  town  of  India,  district 
and  35  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bellary.     Pop.  9845. 

Hos'pital,  a  village  and  parish  of  Ireland,  in  Munster, 
CO.  of  Limerick,  11  miles  W.  of  Tipperary. 

Hospitalet,  os-pe-ti-lfit'  (formerly  Santa  Eulalia 
de  Provensana,  sin'ti  d'oo-1&'le-&  dA  pro-v2n-e:Jl'nil),  a 
town  of  Spain,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Barcelona.     Pop.  2800. 

Hos'pital  Island,  an  island  in  the  river  Richelieu, 
Quebec,  below  Ash  Island. 

Iloss-Zuhetin,  Hungary.    See  Heteny-Hozzu. 

Host,  a  post-office  of  Berks  co..  Pa. 

Hostalrich,  os-t&l-reek',  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Gerona.     Pop.  1377. 

Hostau,  hos'tOw,  or  Hos'tow  (L.  Hostovium),  a  town 
of  Bohemia,  18  miles  W.N.W.  of  Klattau.     Pop.  1205. 

Hostaun,  hos'town,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  27  miles  S.W. 
of  Pilsen.     Pop.  1215. 

Hoste  (os'ti)  Island,  Terra  del  Fuego,  is  between 
Istt.  65°  and  56°  40'  S,  and  Ion.  68°  and  70°  W.,  90  miles 


HOS 


1427 


IIOU 


in  length,  from  E.  to  W.,  by  50  miles  in  greatest  breadth. 
It  is  separated  eastward  from  Navarin  Island  by  Ponsonby 
Sound. 

Ilosterlitz,  hos't?r-lits\  a  town  of  Moravia,  24  miles 
S.AV.  of  BrUnn.     Pop.  1600. 

Hostilia,  the  ancient  name  of  Ostiglia. 

Ilostumitz,  hos'to-mits^  or  Hostonitz,  hos'to-nits\ 
a  town  of  Bohemia,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Prague.     Pop.  2429. 

Ilostow,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  IIostau. 

Ilosiingabad,  a  town  of  India.    See  Hoshungabad. 

Hoszszuinezd,  hos^soo^mi'zo^,  a  village  of  Hungary, 
7  miles  N.W.  of  Szigeth.     Pop.  970. 

Iloszszu-Szer,  hos^soo'-sain',  a  village  of  Hungary, 
CO.  of  Aba-Uj-Var,  on  the  Ilornad,  3  miles  from  Kaschau. 

Hotch'kissville,  a  post-village  of  Litchfield  co., 
Conn.,  in  Woodbury  township,  about  10  miles  W.  by  N.  of 
Watcrbury.  It  has  manufactures  of  pocket-cutlery,  paper 
board,  and  woollens. 

Hot  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Nye  co.,  Nevada. 

Hotel',  a  township  of  Surry  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  709. 

Hotel  Road,  Maine.    See  Lewiston  Junction. 

Uoteiisleben,  ho't^ns-li^b^n,  a  village  of  Prussian 
JBaxony,  20  miles  W.  of  Magdeburg.     Pop.  2941. 

Hot  Ground,  New  York.     See  Ancram  Lead-Mine. 

Uo'tham,  a  town  of  Victoria,  forming  a  northwestern 
puburb  of  Melbourne.     Pop.  13,491. 

Hother,  a  village  of  Denmark.    See  IIoieb. 

Hot  House,  a  post-office  of  Fannin  co.,  Ga. 

Hot  House,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  N.C. 

Hot  Spring,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Ar- 
kansas, has  an  area  estimated  at  600  square  miles.  It  is 
jntorseeted  by  the  Ouachita  River.  The  surface  is  hilly, 
and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  pine,  hick- 
ory, chestnut,  ic.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
cotton,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  This  county  has  deposits 
of  magnetic  iron  ore,  and  quarries  of  excellent  oil-stone 
(novaculite).  It  is  interseoted  by  the  St.  Louis,  Iron 
Mountain  <fe  Southern  Railroad  and  the  Hot  Springs  Rail- 
road, Capital,  Malvern.  Pop.  in  1870,  5877;  in  1880, 
,7775;  in  1890,  11,603. 

Hot  Spring  Lake,  a  lake  3  miles  N.W.  of  Salt  Lake 
City,  Utah,  is  fed  by  hot  springs.     Length,  3  miles. 

Hot  Springs,  a  post-village  and  health  resort,  capital 
of  Garland  co..  Ark.,  on  the  Hot  Springs  Railroad,  about 
56  miles  AV.S.W,  of  Little  Rock,  and  5  miles  E.  of  the  Oua- 
chita River.  It  is  situated  in  a  narrow  valley,  about  1000 
yards  long,  between  two  ridges,  and  has  numerous  (150) 
hot  springs,  which  are  celebrated  for  the  cure  of  chronic 
diseases.  The  temperature  of  these  springs  varies  from  100° 
to  148°  Fahr.  The  water  holds  carbonic  acid  and  several 
carbonates  in  solution.  Fine  novaculite,  or  oil-stone,  is  found 
at  this  place.  It  has  3  newspapers,  18  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  oil-stones.  The  Army  and  Navy  General  Hos- 
pital situated  here  is  one  of  the  chief  features  of  interest. 
Pop.  in  1890,  8086. 

Hot  Springs,  Kern  co.,  Cal.,  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cali- 
ente  Station,  is  a  place  of  resort  for  invalids. 

Hot  Springs,  a  station  in  Carson  co.,  Nevada,  on  the 
Central  Paoitic  Railroad,  19  miles  N.E.  of  Wadsworth. 

Hot  Springs,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Fall  River  co., 
6.D.,  35  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Rapid  City.  It  has  4 
ohurehes,  2  banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  <fcc.     Pop.  1423. 

Hot  Springs,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Bath 
CO.,  Va.,  is  situated  in  a  valley,  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Coving- 
ton, and  about  48  miles  W.S.W,  of  Staunton.  It  is  sur- 
rounded with  beautiful  mountain-scenery,  and  has  several 
•prings  (100°  Fahr.)  which  are  esteemed  as  a  remedy  for 
dyspepsia  and  affections  of  the  liver.  The  water  contains 
sulphates  and  carbonates  of  lime  and  magnesia. 
.  Jlot  Sulphur  Springs,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Grand 
CO.,  Col.,  on  Grand  River,  in  the  Middle  Park,  about  90 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Denver.  It  has  warm  springs,  which  con- 
tain sulphur,  magnesia,  &,o.  Silver,  coal,  and  salt  are  said 
to  be  found  here. 
Hottbus,  a  town  of  Prussia.  See  Cottbus. 
Hot'tentots,  a  peculiar  African  race,  the  aboriginal 
occupants  of  the  S.  end  of  that  continent,  at  and  near  the 
Capo  of  Good  Hope.  Their  limits  m.iy  be  said,  in  general 
terms,  to  hivve  been  the  river  Orange  on  the  N.  and  N.E., 
and  the  Key  on  the  E. ;  but  the  E.  boundary  appears  to 
have  been  fluctuating,  and,  owing  to  their  mixture  with  the 
Kaffre  race,  not  definable.  On  the  N.W.  they  passed  the 
Orange  and  advanced  N.  and  N.E.  far  into  the  interior. 
The  ilottentots  are  generally  tall  and  meagre,  of  a  pale 
olive  complexion;  their  cheek-bones  project  much,  and  their 
chins  are  narrow  and  pointed.  They  have  thick  lips,  a  flat 
nose  with'  wide  nostrils,  woolly  hair,  and  little  beard.    The 


women  are  often  elegantly  formed  in  early  life,  but  become 
hideous.  Both  sexes  are  distinguished  by  excessive  incur- 
vation of  the  spine.  When  the  Dutch  first  settled  at  the 
Cape,  the  Hottentots  were  a  numerous  nation,  of  pastoral 
and  partially  nomadic  habits;  and  it  is  supposed  that  the 
seven  tribes  into  which  they  wore  divided  made  up  together 
a  population  of  at  least  200,000.  At  the  present  day  this 
race  is  nearly  extinct  within  the  wide  territory  which  for- 
merly belonged  to  it;  and  of  the  100,000  Hottentots,  as  they 
are  called,  now  reckoned  in  the  population  of  the  colony,  there 
are  few,  except  in  the  extreme  N.,  who  understand  the  Hot- 
tentot language.  The  language  of  the  southern  Hottentots 
at  present  is  the  Cape-Dutch  jargon.  The  Koras,  or  Koran- 
nas  (shoe-wearers),  higher  up  the  river  Orange,  still  remain 
a  favorable  specimen  of  the  pure  Hottentot  race.  The 
Namaquas  dwell  towards  the  mouth  of  the  Orange.  These 
are  much  attached  to  their  country,  and  their  huts  are 
erected  in  the  old  Hottentot  fashion.  The  Bushmen  are 
by  some  regarded  as  of  Hottentot  race.  In  language,  as  in 
physical  characters,  the  Hottentots  appear  to  be  quite  dis- 
tinct from  all  other  races  of  men. 

Hotting,  hot'ting,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  the  Tyrol, 
on  the  Inn,  near  Innspruck.     Pop.  3484, 

Hotzenplotz,  hot's?n-plots^  (Moravian,  Osoblaha,  o- 
so-bli'hil),  a  small  town  of  Austrian  Silesia,  26  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Troppau,  on  the  Prussian  frontier.     Pop.  3435. 

Hotzing,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Hatzeg. 

Houat,  hoo'i',  a  small  island  off  the  W.  coast  of  France, 
in  Morbihan,  6  miles  S.E.  of  the  peninsula  Quiberon.  Lat 
47°  25'  N.;  Ion.  2°  56'  W.  It  has  a  fort,  a  small  harbor, 
and  300  inhabitants. 

Hou-Cheou-Chan,  China.     See  Hoo-Sheoo-Shan. 

Houcksville,  howks'vil,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co., 
Md.,  about  27  miles  N.N.W.  of  Baltimore. 

Houcktown,  howk't5wn,  a  post-village  of  Hancock 
CO.,  0.,  in  Jackson  township,  about  28  miles  S.W.  of  Tiffin. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Houdain,  hooMiNo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Pas-de- 
Calais,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Bdthune.     Pop.  1068. 

Uoudan,  hooM6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-et-Oise, 
15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mantes-sur-Seine.     Pop.  1976. 

Houdeng-Ainieries,  hooM6N»'-d.^m§h-ree',  a  village 
of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  on  the  Tiriau,  10  miles  W.  of  Mens. 
It  has  forges,  tanneries,  and  a  colliery.     Pop.  4000. 

Houdeng-Goegnies,  hooM5N»'-ghdnVee',  a  village 
of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  near  the  above.  The  inhabitants 
are  chiefly  employed  as  miners.     Pop.  3700. 

Houflalize,  hoof  fi^leez',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Lux- 
embourg, on  the  Ourthe,  9  miles  N.E,  of  Bastogne,  with  a 
ruined  fortress  and  1100  inhabitants, 

Hougaerde,  hoo'gslud',  or  Hocgaerden,  hoo'gin'- 
d?n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  South  Brabant,  2i  miles  S',W. 
of  Tirlemont,    It  has  breweries  and  distilleries.    Pop.  3500. 

Hougal,  how'gil,  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Belgaum  dis- 
trict.   Pop.  9001,  : 

Houghsund,  or  Hougsund,  hoog'sund,  a  town  of 
Norway,  30  miles  W,S,W,  of  Christiania,  It  has  iron-worka. 
Pop.  3221. 

Houghton,  ho'ton,  a  county  of  Michigan,  is  in  the 
N.W.  part  of  the  upper  peninsula,  and  is  bounded  on  the 
N.W.  by  Lake  Superior.  It  is  drained  by  Sturgeon  River, 
and  contains  Portage  Lake,  which  is  connected  with  Lake 
Superior  by  a  ship-canal.  The  surface  is  hilly.  The  soil  is 
mostly  uncultivated,  the  inhabitants  being  employed  in 
mining.  The  copper-mines  of  this  county  are  the  richest 
in  the  United  Suites.  Silver  is  found  here.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Duluth,  South  Shore  &  Atlantic  Railway,  the 
Mineral  Range  Railroad,  and  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A 
St.  Paul  Railroad.  Capital,  Houghton.  Pop,  in  1870, 
13,879;  in  1880,  22,473;  in  1890,  35,389, 

Houghton,  a  post-office  of  Jo  Daviess  co,,  HI,,  is  at 
the  village  of  Schapville. 

Houglitou,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Houghton  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  S.  shore  of  Portage  Lake,  which  is  connected 
with  Lake  Superior  by  2  government  canals.  It  is  about 
10  miles  from  Lake  Superior,  i  mile  from  Hancock,  with 
which  it  is  connected  by  a  free  bridge,  95  miles  N.W.  of 
Marquette,  and  28  miles  N.  of  L'Anse.  Large  steamboats 
ply  to  the  lake  ports  E.  and  W.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
national  bank,  a  court-house,  the  Michigan  School  of  Mines, 
a  smelting  company,  soap-works,  2  foundries,  a  newsp.aper 
office,  manufacturis  of  copper  and  iron,  and  2  steam  saw- 
mills. Here  are  rich  copper-mines,  a  copper-rolling-mill, 
and  several  smelting-furnaces.     Pop.  in  1890,  2062. 

Houghton,  township,  Keweenaw  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  189. 

Houghton  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk  co..  On-' 

tario,  on  Lake  Erie,  32  miles  S.W.  of  Simcoe.     Pop.  200.  . 


Hotr 


1428 


^thr 


Houghton  Creek,  n  poet-hnmlet  of  Allaghanr  oo., 
N.Y.,  in  Cnntttde*  towniihlp,  on  the  Gkinesee  Valley  Canal, 
•bout  24  mllM  8.  of  Warsaw.  It  haa  a  oheew-factory  and 
a  Mw-mlll.     Pop.  abont  76. 

Ilonffhton  Luke,  or  Roscommon  liftke,  Miohi- 
l^n,  in  Koseunuiion  eo.,  is  about  10  miles  long  and  b  miles 
wide.  The  wixtcr  In  discharged  by  the  Muskegon  River, 
whioh  i(i!<uo8  from  the  N.W.  end  of  the  lake. 

MouKhtoii  Lake,  a  post-village,  eapitnl  of  Roscommon 
00.,  Mioh.,  on  Houghton  Lake,  76  miles  N.W.  of  Hay  City. 
It  has  a  newspaper  otDee  and  several  lumber-mills. 

Uonghton-le-Spring,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  6 
miles  N.E.  of  Durham.  It  has  a  large  cruciform  church, 
containing  the  monument  of  Bernard  Gilpin,  a  grammar- 
Mhnol,  a  girls'  school,  and  other  charities,  a  mechanics' 
■institute,  and  large  coal-mining  interests.     Pop.  6276. 

Iloaghtonville,  hO'tfn-vIl,  a  post-offioe  of  Rutland 
«o..  Vt. 

Mouffsund,  Norway.    See  IIouanscNn. 

Mougue,  a  headland  of  Franco.    See  Cape  La  HaO0e. 

IIou-Kouang,  China.    See  Uoo-Quano. 

Houlin,  a  town  of  Moravia.    See  Hulrin. 

Iloulka,  hiirka,  a  post-village  of  Chickasaw  oo.,  Miss., 
about  60  miles  N.W.  of  Columbus.  It  has  2  ohurohes,  an 
academy,  and  a  plough-factory. 

Iloulton,  hol'tgn,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Aroostook 
CO.,  Mo.,  in  Houlton  township,  on  the  New  Brunswick  & 
Canada  Railroad,  about  100  miles  (direct)  N.N.E.  of  Ban- 
gor, and  14  miles  W.  of  Woodstock,  New  Brunswick.  It 
£as  6  chuTohes,  the  Uoulton  Academy,  a  savings-bank,  an 
iron-foundry,  a  machine-shop,  2  grist-mills,  a  woollen-mill, 
2  carding-mills,  and  4  saw-mills.  Two  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.    Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  4015. 

Hoiima,  hoo'ma,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Terre  Bonne 
parish.  La.,  on  Bayou  Terre  Bonne,  and  on  a  branch  of  tlie 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  15  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Schriever, 
and  about  70  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  New  Orleans.  It 
has  7  churches,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  ofBoe,  and  an  ice- 
factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  1280, 

Hou-Nan,  a  province  of  China.    See  Hoo-NAif. 

Hounsfield,  hSwnz'feeld,  a  township  of  Je£ferson  co., 
N.Y.     Pop.  2651. 

Uounslow,  hSwnz'lo,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Mid- 
dlesex, 2|  miles  S.W.  of  Brentford.  Hounslow  Heath, 
noted  in  ancient  times  for  tournaments  and  military  en- 
oampments  and  in  modern  times  for  the  depredations  of 
highwaymen,  is  now  in  great  part  enclosed.  Here  are  bar- 
racks andpowder-mills.     Pop.  9294. 

Hou-Pe,  a  province  of  China.     See  IIoo-Pe. 

Uouplines,  hoo^pleen',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord, 
7  miles  N.  of  Lille.     Pop.  1641. 

Hou-Quang,  China.    See  Hoo-QaANG. 

Houroiir,  or  Hourronr,  Africa.    See  HtrnRtTR. 

Hourtin,  hooR^t4N<>',  a  village  of  France,  in  Qironde, 
10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lesparre.     Pop.  1441. 

Uousatonic,  hoo-sa-ton'ik,  a  post- village  of  Berkshire 
CO.,  Mass.,  in  Great  Barrington  township,  on  the  Housatonic 
River,  and  on  the  Housatonic  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Great 
Barrington.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  pa]>er 
and  cotton  goods.     Pop.  about  1200. 

Housatonic  River  rises  in  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  and 
runs  southward  into  Connecticut.  It  intersects  Litchfield 
CO.,  pursues  a  generally  southward  direction,  forms  the 
boundary  between  the  counties  of  Fairfield  and  New  Haven, 
and  enters  Long  Island  Sound  about  4  miles  E.  of  Bridge- 
port. It  is  nearly  150  miles  long,  and  traverses  a  hilly 
country  abounding  in  picturesque  scenery.  The  Housa- 
tonic Railroad  follows  tne  course  of  this  river  for  55  miles. 
The  tide  ascends  to  Derby,  nearly  14  miles  from  the  Sound. 

House,  hdwss,  one  of  the  Shetland  Islands,  connected 
by  a  bridge  with  the  island  of  Barra.  Length,  3  miles ; 
breadth,  about  half  a  mile. 

'    House,  hSwss,  a  station  in  Austin  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Texas  Western  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Belleville. 

House  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilcox  co.,  Ga.,  65  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Albany.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

House  Mountain,  a  post-offioe  of  Knox  co.,  Tenn. 

House  of  Correc'tion,  a  station  in  Howard  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad  (Washington  Branch),  17 
miles  S.W.  of  Baltimore,  and  2  miles  N.  of  Annapolis 
Junction. 

Honser  (hSwz'^r)  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  oo.. 
Pa.,  about  28  miles  S.S.E.  of  Scranton.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Honserviile,  howi'^r-vil,  a  post-village  in  College 
township.  Centre  oo..  Pa.,  7  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Bellefonte. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  woollen-factory. 


House**  Creek,  township,  Wake  co.,  17.0.    P.  2098. 

House's  (hCwss'iz)  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Joffer*. 
son  CO.,  Mo.,  28  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Louis.     It  has  a  church. 

House's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Ky. 

Houseville,  hOwss'vIl,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Turin  township,  about  32  miles  N.  of  Rome.  It 
has  a  cliurch  and  a  cheosc-factory.     Pop.  about  100. 

Houssa,  hSw'sa,  written  also  Haussn,  Ilnwasa, 
Hnoussah,  and  Haousa,  a  territory  of  Africa,  in 
Soodan,  about  lat.  ^2°-U°  N.  and  Ion.  5°-10°  E.  The 
Houssa  people  are  often  spoken  of  as  kindred  to  the  Foolahs, 
but  they  are  probably  distinct.  Their  language  is  porhapi 
the  finest  and  best  in  all  Central  Africa.  In  1802  an  ex- 
tensive Houssa  empire  was  established,  but  it  speedily  be- 
came divided  into  several  kingdoms,  of  which  Gando  and 
Saccatoo  are  the  most  important. 

Houston,  hoo'st^n  (t.e.,  "  Hugh's  town"),  a  village 
of  Scotland,  co.  of  Renfrew,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Paisley,  with 
cotton-mills.     Pop.  518. 

Houston,  ha'st^n,  a  oounfrv  in  the  S.W.  central  part 
of  Georgia,  has  an  area  of  about  600  smiaro  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Ocmulgee  River,  and  is  also 
drained  by  Echaconnee  and  Mossy  Creeks.  The  surface 
is  undulating,  and  more  than  one-third  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests;  the  soil  is  calcareous  and  fertile.  Cotton,  In- 
dian corn,  pork,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  Lime- 
stone underlies  a  part  of  this  county,  which  is  intersected 
by  the  Southwestern  Railroad  and  the  Georgia  Southern 
&  Florida  Railroad.  Capital,  Perry.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,406: 
in  1880,  22,414;  in  1890,  21,613. 

Houston,  the  most  southeastern  county  of  Minnesota, 
borders  on  Iowa.  Area,  565  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  is  intersected  by  Root 
River,  and  partly  drained  by  Houston  River.  The  surface  is 
undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests ;  the  soil 
is  calcareous  and  very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats, 
and  hay  are  the  staple  products.  Magnesian  limestone 
(Lower  Silurian)  underlies  this  county,  which  contains  a 
portion  of  prairie.  It  is  traversed  by  two  branches  of  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad.  Capital,  Cale- 
donia. Pop.  in  1870,14,936;  in  1880,  16,332;  in  1890, 
14,653. 

Houston,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Middle  Ten- 
nessee. Area,  210  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  the  Cumberland  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Tennessee 
River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating;  the  soil  is  fer- 
tile. Indian  corn,  tobacco,  grass,  Ac,  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  liberally  supplied  with  timber.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Louisville  <fc  Na>hville  Railroad.  Capi- 
tal, Erin.     Pop.  in  1880,  4295  ;  in  1890,  5390. 

Houston,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area 
of  about  1200  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by 
the  Necbes  River,  ond  on  the  W.  by  the  Trinity  River.  The 
surface  is  hilly  or  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and 
grass  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
the  International  A  Great  Northern  Railroad,  which  passes 
through  Crockett,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  8147 ;  in  1880, 
16,702;  in  1890,  19,360. 

Houston,  a  post-village  of  Winston  co.,  Ala.,  on  a 
branch  of  Sipsey  Creek,  about  65  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bir- 
mingham.    It  has  2  churches. 

Houston,  a  post-village  of  Suwanee  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
Jacksonville,  Pensacola  &  Mobile  Railroad,  76  miles  W.  of 
Jacksonville.  It  has  2  churches,  and  is  surrounded  by 
forests  of  magnolia,  oak,  and  pine. 

Houston,  a  post-village  of  Heard  co.,  Ga,,  12  mile« 
N.W.  of  La  Grange,  and  about  66  miles  S.W.  of  Atlanta. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Houston,  a  township  of  Adams  co..  111.  Pop.  1239. 
It  contains  Chatham. 

Houston,  a  post-oflSce  of  Randolph  co,,  111,,  on  the 
Cairo  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  60  miles  S.S.E.  of  St.  Louis. 

Houston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Ind.,  on  Salt 
Creek,  about  24  miles  S.W.  of  Columbus.  It  has  a  church 
and  3  stores.     Pop.  60. 

Houston,  a  post-ofiSoe  of  Graham  co.,  Kansas,  35  miles 
N.  of  Trego. 

Houston,  a  township  of  Smith  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  959. 
It  contains  Gaylord  and  Thompson. 

Houston,  or  Hueston,  a  station  of  Bourbon  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Kentucky  Central  Railroad,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Lex- 
ington. 

Houston,  a  post-village  of  Houston  co.,  Minn.,  in  a 
township  of  the  same  name,  on  Root  River,  and  on  the 
Southern  Minnesota  Railroad,  23  miles  AV.  of  La  Cropse, 
Wis.,  and  about  22  miles  S.  of  Winona.     It  has  3  churobe«» 


BWt 


1429 


HOW 


a  graded  school,  2  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  a  flouring-mill, 
Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  536;  of  the  township,  643. 

Houston,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Chickasaw  co., 
Miss.,  about  46  miles  N.W.  of  Columbus,  and  18  miles  S.W. 
of  Okolona.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  normal  college,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  3  churches.     Pop.  893. 

Houston,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Texas  oo..  Mo.,  2 
miles  E.  of  the  Piney  River,  and  about  145  miles  S.W.  of 
St.  Louis.  It  has  an  academy,  a  bank,  4  churches,  a 
foundry,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-  and  planing-mill,  and  2  news- 
paper offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  355. 

Houston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  0.,  on  the  rail- 
road which  connects  Sidney  with  Union  City,  10  miles  W. 
of  Sidney.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  56. 

Houston,  a  hamlet  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa,,  on  the 
Alleghany  River,  10  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Houston,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Tenn. 

Houston,  a  city  of  Texas,  capital  of  Harris  co.,  is 
on  Buffalo  Bayou,  49  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Galveston, 
164  miles  E.S.E.  of  Austin,  and  152  miles  S.  of  Palestine. 
It  is  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Houston  and  Texas  Central 
Railroad  and  of  the  International  <fc  Great  Northern  Rail- 
road, which  connect  here  with  the  Galveston,  Houston  <fc 
Henderson  Railroad,  and  is  also  the  W.  terminus  of  the 
Texas  &  New  Orleans  Railroad.  Is  is  also  on  the  Texas 
Western,  Texas  Transportation,  and  Houston,  East  &  West 
Texas  Railroads.  It  was  in  1870  the  third  city  of  the  state 
in  population.  Steamboats  ply  between  this  place  and  Gal- 
veston. Two  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here,  also  a  Baptist  religious  paper.  Houston  contains  11 
churches  (2  Buptist,  2  Catholic,  1  Episcopal,  1  Jewish,  4 
Methodist,  and  1  Presbyterian),  the  Houston  Academy,  a 
cpnvent,  a  city  hall,  2  national  banks,  4  other  banks,  4  foun- 
dries, manufactures  of  engines,  machinery,  carriages,  <fcc.,  1 
or  2  cotton-factories,  several  machine-shops  of  the  railroads, 
and  2  planing-mills.  Large  quantities  of  cotton,  maize, 
and  other  products  are  shipped  here.     Pop.  (1890)  27,557. 

Houston,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Halifax  co.,  Va., 
45  miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Rustburg.  It  has  3  churches, 
2  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  a  furuiture-factory,  Ac.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1285. 

Houstonia,  hu-sto'n^-a,  a  post-village  of  Pettis  co., 
Mo.,  16  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Sedalia.     It  has  2  churches, 

Houston  Junction,  Texas.     See  Pierce  Junction. 
'  Houston  Run,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg,  Virginia  & 
Charleston  Railroad,  27  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  and  4 
miles  N.W.  of  Monongahela  City. 

Houston  Station,  a  post-office  of  Kent  co.,  Del.,  on 
the  Junction  &  Breakwater  Railroad,  68  miles  S.  of  Wil- 
mington. 

HoustonviUe,  hu'ston-vil,  a  hamlet  of  Champaign 
CO.,  III.,  32  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Bloomington.     It  has  a  church. 

HoustonviUe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  Chartiers  Railroad,  23  miles  S.S.W,  of  Pitt^urg.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Hou-Tchou,  or  Hou-Tcheou-Fou.  See  Hoo- 
Choo. 

Houtzdale,  howtz'dale,  a  post-borough  of  Clearfield 
CO.,  Pa.,  on, a  branch  of  the  Tyrone  and  Clearfield  Railroad, 
28  miles  by  rail  and  13  miles  direct  S.S.E.  of  Clearfield. 
It  has  7  churches,  public  schools,  and  2  newspaper  offices. 
Pop.  in  1890,  2231.     Much  coal  is  mined  here. 

Hove,  a  suburb  of  Brighton,  England.     Pop.  11,277, 

Howakel,  ho-wJMiSl',  an  island  in  the  Red  Sea,  off  the 
cpast  of  Abyssinia.     Lat.  15°  9'  N. ;  Ion.  40°  19'  E. 

How'ard,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Arkansas.  Area, 
629  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Saline  Bayou,  an  aiHuent 
of  Little  River.  Its  surface  is  diversified  ;  its  soil  fs  fertile, 
corn  and  cotton  being  the  staple  products.  Coal,  kaolin, 
iron,  antimony,  gypsum,  and  silver  are  found  in  this 
county,  which  is  traversed  for  a  few  miles  only  by  the 
Arkansas  &  Louisiana  Railway.  Capital,  Centre  Point. 
Pop.  in  1880,  9917;  in  1890,  13,789. 

Howard,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Indiana. 
Area,  300  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Wildcat 
River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
grass,  and  pork  are  t^lw  staple  products.  This  county  is 
traversed  by  the  Lake  Erie  &  Western  Railroad,  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  and  the  Toledo,  St.  Louis  &  Kansas 
City  Railroad,  all  of  which  centre  at  Kokomo,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  15,847;  in  1880,  19,584;  in  1890,  26,186. 

Howard,  a  northern  county  of  Iowa,  bordering  on 
Minnesota,  has  an  area  of  about  480  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Upper  Iowa  River  and  the  head-streams  of  the 
Turkey  and  Wapsipinicon  Rivers.  The  surface  is  undulating, 
and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  woodlands;  the  soil  is 


fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  St. 
Paul  <fc  Kansas  City  and  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
Railroads.  Capital,  Cresco.  Pop.  in  1870,  6282;  in  1875, 
7875;  in  1880,  10,837;  in  1890,  11,182. 

Howard,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Maryland,  has 
an  area  of  about  275  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.E.  by  the  Patapsco  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Patux- 
ent  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating  ;  the  soil  is 
partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  The  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  passes 
along  the  N.,  N.E.,  and  S.E.  borders  of  this  county, 
which  is  connected  with  Washington,  D.C.,  by  a  branch  of 
the  same  road.  Capital,  Ellicott,  or  Ellicott  City.  Pop. 
in  1870,  14,150;  in  1880,  16,140;  in  1890,  16,269. 

Howard,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Missouri, 
has  an  area  of  about  470  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.  and  AV.  by  the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  N.W.  by 
the  East  Chariton  River,  and  is  drained  by  Bonne  Femme 
and  Moniteau  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests;  the  soil  is  very  fertile.  In- 
dian corn,  wheat,  oats,  pork,  and  tobacco  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  has  beds  of  bituminous  coal  and 
quarries  of  limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Missouri, 
Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad  and  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Fayette.  Pop.  in  1870,  17,233;  in  1880, 
18,428;  in  1890,  17,371. 

Howard,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Nebraska, 
has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Mid- 
dle Loup  and  North  Loup  Rivers,  which  unite  in  the  E. 
part  of  this  county  and  form  the  Loup  B'ork  of  the  Platte. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level  prairie.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  and  Union 
Pacific  Railroads,  both  of  which  pass  through  St.  Paul,  the 
capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1876,  1680;  in  1880,  4391  j 
in  1890,  9430. 

Howard,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  of  Texas,  traversed  by 
the  Salt  Fork  of  the  Colorado.  Area,  840  square  miles. 
Capital,  Big  Spring.     Pop.  in  1880,  50;  in  1890,  1210. 

Howard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Taylor  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Mus- 
cogee Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Butler.     It  has  a  church. 

Howard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Wabash,  34  miles  N.  of  Terre  Haute.     It  has  2  churches. 

Howard,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Ind.     P.  1168. 

Howard,  a  township  of  Howard  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  1021. 

Pluward,  a  township  of  Story  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1127. 

Howard,  a  township  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  766. 

Howard,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Mis- 
souri line.     Pop.  589. 

Howard,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Elk  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Howard  township,  near  the  Elk  River,  29  miles  by  rail  S. 
by  E.  of  Eureka.  It  has  6  churches,  a  graded  school,  2 
banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of  cigars. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1015. 

Howard,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  829. 

Howard,  Cass  co.,  Mich.     See  Dailey. 

Howard ,  or  Howard  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Wright 
CO.,  Minn.,  in  the  "  Big  Woods,"  55  miles  by  rail  W.  of  St. 
Paul,  It  contains  4  churches,  a  high  school,  a  bank,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  610. 

Howard,  a  township  of  Gentry  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1670. 

Howard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nemaha  co.,  Neb.,  on  the 
Little  Nemaha  River,  14  miles  W.  of  Peru.  It  has  2  gen- 
eral stores. 

Howard,  a  post-office  of  AVarren  co.,  N.J. 

Howard,  a  post-village  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  about  42 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Elmira,  and  9  miles  N.E.  of  Hornellsville. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  cheese-factory,  and 
saw-  and  planing-mills.     Pop.  about  300. 

Howard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cleve- 
land, Mt.  Vernon  &  Columbus  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of  Mt. 
Vernon.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  Howard  township,  989. 

Howard,  a  post-office  of  Wasco  co.,  Oregon. 

Howard,  a  post-borough  of  Centre  co..  Pa.,  on  Bald 
Eagle  Creek,  15  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Lock  Haven,  and  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Bellefonte.  It  has  3  churches,  a  gr.aded 
school,  rolling-mills,  2  handle-factories,  a  foundry,  and  5 
wheel-factories.     Pop.  554.  . 

Howard,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Miner  co.,  S.D.,  21 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Madison.  It  has  5  churches,  a  graded 
school,  2  banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  flour-mill,  &o.  Pop. 
about  500. 

HoAvard,  a  post-village  of  Bell  co.,  Tex.,  30  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Waco,  and  about  68  miles  N.N  E.  of  "Austin.  It  has  a 
church  and  an  academy. 

Howard,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  W,  Va.,  14  miles 
(direct)  S.S.E.  of  Mounds. 


HOW 


1430 


now 


Howard  Centre*  n  po«t-vlllaKe  of  IToward  oo.,  Iowa, 
in  »  townibip  of  iU  own  name,  aboat  33  milea  N.B.  of 
CharlM  City.     Top.  of  the  township  in  18«0,  589. 

Howard  City,  a  post-vilhtge  in  Reynolds  township, 
Montoalm  oo.,  Midi.,  on  the  Qraud  Rapids  <t  Indiana  Rail- 
road, at  the  northwest  terminus  of  tho  Detroit,  Lansing  St 
Lake  Miehigan  Railroad,  .14  miles  N.N.K.  of  Grand  Rapids, 
and  7V  miles  X.W.  of  Lnntiing.  It  has  n  newspaper  oflice, 
»  graded  achool,  a  banking-house,  3  churches,  and  exten- 
■Ito  manufactures  uf  pine  lumber.  Here  are  several  saw- 
miila,  6  shingle-mills,  2  plaiiing-mills,  2  manufactories  of 
■ash  and  blinds,  nnd  a  uiachine-shop.     Pop.  in  ISUO,  1137. 

Howard  College,  .\liib.-iraa.    See  Mariox. 

Howard  Lake,  .Minnesota.    See  Howard. 

Howard's,  a  station  in  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  on  tho  North 
Pacilio  Count  Railroad,  69  miles  N.N.W.  of  San  Francisco. 

Howard's,  a  station  in  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo.,  on  tho  Mis- 
•ouri  Pacific  Railroad.  5  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Howard's  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sheboygan  oo., 
Wis.,  7  or  8  miles  N.W.  of  Sheboygan,  and  3  miles  W.  of 
Lake  Michigan.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Howard's  Landing,  a  post-oflSoe  of  Monroe  co.,Tenn. 

Howard's  Lick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hardy  co.,  W.  Va., 
23  wiles  N.  of  Broadway  Depot,  Va.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Howard's  Alill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co., 
Ky.,  6  milas  N.E.  of  Mount  Sterling.  It  has  a  church,  a 
mill,  and  2  .stores.     Pop.  40. 

HoAVard's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Clair  oo.,  Mo., 
on  Sao  River,  about  12  miles  S.  of  Osceola.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Howard's  Prairie,  Wisconsin.    See  Frakkliv. 

Howard  Springs,  a  post-office  and  watering-place  of 
Cumberland  co.,  Tenn.,  23  miles  \V,  of  Rookwood  Station. 

How'ardsville,  a  post-village  of  San  Juan  co.,  Col., 
about  6  miles  N.E.  of  Silverton.  It  has  rich  silver-mines, 
2  churches,  a  brewery,  a  saw-mill,  and  3  stores.  Elevation, 
9780  feet.     Pop.  about  300. 

Howardsville,  a  post-office  of  Jo  Daviess  co..  111. 

Howardsville,  a  post-h»mlet  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Mich., 
about  22  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Kalamazoo.  It  has  a  church,  a 
grist-mill,  and  2  saw-mills. 

Howardsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albemarle  oo.,  Va., 
on  tho  James  River,  about  40  miles  N.E.  of  Lynchburg.  It 
has  a  church.     Pop.  83. 

How'ardville,  a  station  in  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Western  Maryland  Railroad,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Baltimore. 

Howardville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Albion  township,  about  25  miles  E.  of  Oswego.  It  has  a 
tannery,  saw-mill,  <tc. 

How'den,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  East  Ri- 
ding, on  the  Ouse,  here  crossed  by  a  ferry,  22  miles  by  rail 
W.  of  Hull.  It  has  a  magnificent  church,  and  extensive 
remains  of  a  palace  of  the  bishops  of  Durham.  Ilowden 
is  the  head  of  a  poor-law  union,  and  has  3  branch  banks, 
and  large  horse-fairs.     Pop.  2315. 

How'den-Pans,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Northum- 
berland, on  the  Tyne,  2i  miles  W.S.W.  of  North  Shields. 
Pop.  1112.     Vessels  are  built  and  coal  is  shipped  here. 

Howe,  h6w,  a  township  of  Forest  co..  Pa.    Pop.  78. 

Howe,  a  post-village  of  Grayson  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Houston  <t  Texas  Central  Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of  Sherman. 
It  hiis  2  churches  and  an  academy.     Pop.  284. 

Howei,  a  town  of  Formosa.     See  Tahsui. 

Howe  Island,  or  Sir  John's  Island,  a  post-village 
in  Frontenac  co.,  Ontario,  on  an  island  in  the  St.  Lawrence, 
9  miles  E.  of  Kingston.     Pop.  100, 

How'ell,  a  county  in  the  S.  jiart  of  Missouri,  bordering 
on  Arkansas,  has  nn  area  of  about  870  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  Spring  River,  which  rises  in  it,  and  by  Eleven 
Point  River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is 
covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees;  the  soil  is 
partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork  are  tho  staple 
products.  It  is  intersected  by  tho  Kansas  City,  Fort  Scott 
A  Memphis  Railroad.  Capital,  West  Plains.  Pop.  in  1870, 
4218;  in  1880,  8814;  in  1890,  18,618. 

Howell,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Livingston  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  &  Lake  Michigan  Railroad,  52  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Detpoit,  and  33  miles  E.S.K.  of  Lansing.  It  has 
6  churches,  3  banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  high  school,  a 
foundry,  a  machine-shop,  and  manufactures  of  bent-work. 
The  township  contains  several  beautiful  lakes.  Pop.  in 
1890,  2387. 

Howell,  a  post-village  of  Colfax  co.,  Nob.,  21  miles  by 
rail  W.  by  N.  of  Sfcribncr,  and  19  miles  (direct)  N.  by  E. 
of  Schuyler.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  creamery,  a 
flour-mill,  a  newspaper  office,  <tc.     Pop.  197. 

Howell ,  a  township  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.   Pop.  3018. 


It  oontains  Farmingdale,  Sqnanknm,  Turkey,  Ac.  Howell 
Station  is  on  the  Freehold  ifc  Jamcsburg  Railroad,  3  milei 
E.  by  8.  of  Freehold. 

Ilowell,  a  station  in  Albany  co.,  Wyoming,  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Laramie. 

Howell  Prairie,  pril'ree,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co., 
Oregon,  9  miles  E.  of  Salem. 

IIow'ell'9,  a  station  in  Rankin  oo.,  Miss.,  on  the  Vicks- 
burg  A  Meridian  Railroad,  74  miles  E.  of  Jackson. 

Howell's  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Orange  oo.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Erie  Railroad,  11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Qoshen.  It  hoi 
a  church  and  4  stores. 

Howell's  Mills,  a  post-offloe  of  Fulton  oo.,  Ga.,  5 
miles  N.E.  of  Atlanta.     Ilcre  are  a  flour-  and  a  saw-mill. 

Howell's  Shop,  a  post-office  of  Patrick  co.,  Va.,  i 
miles  N.W.  of  Taylorsville. 

How'ellsville,  a  post-township  of  Robeson  co.,  N.C 
Pop.  1023. 

Howellsville,  a  hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Va.,  on  th« 
Shenandoah  River,  4  miles  from  Happy  Creek  Station.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 

How'ellville  (Chester  Valley  Post-Office),  a  village  of 
Chester  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Chester  Valley  Railroad,  at  llow- 
ellville  Station,  9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Norristown.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  cotton-factory. 

Howellville,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  Pa., 
about  27  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia. 

How'el's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cherokct 
CO.,  Ala.,  85  miles  S.E.  of  Huntsville.     It  has  a  steam  mill. 

Howe's,  hSwz,  a  station  in  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Salem  A  Lawrence  Railroad,  8i  miles  N.W.  of  Salcra. 

Howesburg,  hiSwz'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson 
CO.,  Ky.,  4  mile  from  Lyndon  Station.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  grist-mill. 

Howe's  Cave,  a  post-village  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Albany  A  Susquehanna  Railroad,  39  miles  W.  of 
Albany. 

Howe's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Dent  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Salem  A  Little  Rock  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of 
Salem. 

Howe's  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hardin  co.,  Ky.,  7 
miles  W.  of  Cecilian  Station.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
plough-factory. 

Howesville,  hSwz'vil,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Ind. 

Howesville,  a  post-village  of  Decatur  co.,  Tenn.,  30 
miles  S.  of  Camden.     It  has  2  churches. 

HoAvesville,  a  post-office  of  Preston  co.,  W.  Va.,  5 
miles  W.  of  Kingwood. 

How'ick,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Northumber- 
land, on  the  Lea,  4i  miles  E.N.E.  of  Alnwick. 

Howick,  an  island  group  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Aus- 
tralia, in  lat.  14°  30'  S.,  Ion.  145°  E.,  10  in  number,  all 
low,  and  covered  for  the  most  part  with  mangroves. 

How'ick,  a  post-village  in  Chateauguay  co.,  Quebec, 
on  English  River,  19  miles  S.S.W.  of  Caughnawaga.  It 
contains  4  stores,  a  hotel,  an  agricultural-implement-factory, 
and  grist-  and  saw-mills.     Pop.  300. 

Howick,  Huron  co.,  Ontario.     See  GonniE. 

Howiezy,  ho-vee'zhee,  a  village  of  Moravia,  circle  of 
Neu-Titsehein,  on  the  Upper  Beczwa,  a  tributary  of  the 
March,  about  40  miles  S.E.  from  Weisskirchen.  Pop. 
3273. 

How»-Howe,  h5w'ee-h6w',  a  town  of  China.  See 
Hai-Keoc-So. 

How'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  in 
Howland  township,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Penobscot  River, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Piscataquis,  35  miles  N.  of  Bangor. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  176. 

Howland,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Putnam  co.,  Mo., 
on  the  Burlington  A  Southwestern  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E. 
of  Unionville.     Here  is  a  mill. 

Howland,  a  township  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.     Pop.  664. 

Howland  Flat,  a  post-villago  of  Sierra  oo.,  Cal., 
about  60  miles  N.E.  of  Marysvillc.  It  has  a  church  and 
several  stores.  Here  are  valuable  gold-mines.  The  name 
of  its  post-office  is  Table  Rock. 

Howland  Island,  in  the  Pacific,  lat.  0°  49'  N.,  Ion. 
176°  40'  W.,  affords  guano,  and  has  a  wharf  and  tolerable 
fresh  water,  but  is  without  permanent  inhabitants.  It 
abounds  with  sea-birds  and  rats,  and  has  but  coarse  and 
scanty  vegetation, 

Howland's,  a  station  in  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
New  Bedford  A  Taunton  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  by  E.  o£ 
Taunton. 

How'Inndsburg,  a  hamlet  of  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich., 
in  Ross  township,  2  miles  from  Augusta  Station.  It  has  a 
flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  machine-shop.     Pop.  100. 


HOW 


1431 


HUB 


HoAV'let  Hill,  a  post-oflSce  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y. 

How'rah,  a  town  of  Bengal,  on  the  Hoogly,  connected 
■with  Calcutta  by  steam-ferries  and  a  massive  pontoon- 
bridge.  It  is  a  railway  terminus,  and  has  large  dock-yards, 
a  hospital,  a  jail,  and  several  mills.  It  is  lighted  with  gas. 
With  its  suburbs,  it  covers  11  square  miles.     Pop.  97,784. 

Howsa,  a  country  of  Africa.    See  Hodssa. 
'  Howth  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waller  co.,  Tex.,  55 
miles  N.W.  of  Houston. 

Hox'ie,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Sheridan  co.,  Kansas, 
83  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Colby.  It  has  2  church  organizations, 
a  bank,  public  schools,  2  newspaper  offices,  &e.     Pop.  245. 

Hoxter,  ho.\'t?r,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  30 
miles  by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Paderborn,  on  the  Weser.  Pop. 
6645.  It  has  a  hospital,  and  manufacturesof  paper  and  linen. 

Hox'ton,  a  district  forming  a  suburb  of  London,  2  miles 
N.E.  of  St.  Paul's.     Pop.  54,768. 

Hoy,  an  island  of  Orkney,  2^  miles  S.  of  Stromness. 
Length,  14  miles;  extreme  breadth,  5  miles.  It  has  fine 
cliff  scenery,  and  a  harbor  at  Longhope.     Pop.  1335. 

Hoya,  hoi'i,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  on  the 
Weser,  23  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bremen.     Pop.  1957. 

Hoya-Gonzalo,  o'yl-gon-th5,'lo,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Uurcia,  15  miles  from  Albacete.     Pop.  1107. 

Hoyer,  hoi'^r,  a  seaport  town  of  Prussia,  in  Sleswick, 
on  the  North  Sea,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Ribe.     Pop.  1130. 

Hoyerswerda,  hoi'^rs-^SiiMS,,  or  Wcuerezy,  ^k'- 
yi-rd^zee,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  84  miles  AV.N.W.  of 
Liegnitz,  on  the  Black  Elster.     Pop.  2614. 

Hoy'lake,  or  Hoyle  (hoil)  Lake,  a  village  and 
watering-place  of  England,  co.  of  Chester,  on  the  sea,  7 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Birkenhead. 

Hoyleton,  hoil't^n,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co., 
III.,  about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Centralia.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  seminary,  and  a  steam  flour-mill. 

Hoym,  hoim,  a  town  of  Germany,  duchy  of  Anhalt,  14 
miles  N.E.  of  Halberstadt.     Pop.  2633. 

Hoyo  de  Pinares,  o'yo  di  pe-ni'rfis,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  35  miles  W.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  1340. 

Hoyos,  o'yoce,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Estrcmadura,  48 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Caceres.     Pop.  1980. 

Hoyt,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Kansas,  2  miles  W. 
of  Hoyt  Station,  and  16  miles  (direct)  S.  by  W.  of  Uolton, 
It  has  several  stores. 

Hoyt'ville,  or  Hoyt's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Wood  CO.,  0.,  6  miles  E.  of  Deshler,  and  about  40  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Toledo.  It  has  3  churches,  2  saw-mills,  and  2 
stave-factories. 

Hoytville,  a  post-village  of  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  34-  miles  by 
rail  S.S.W.  of  Tioga.  It  has  2  churches,  a  public  school,  a 
tannery,  Ac.     Pop.  560. 

Hradek,  h'ri'dSk,  or  Wiinsclielberg,  ^Un'sh^l- 
b5nG\  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  in  Breslau,  11  miles 
W.N.AV.  of  Glatz.     Pop.  1829. 

Hradisch,  h'ri'dish,  or  Hradisch-Ungarisch, 
h'ri'dish-oong'gaE-ish,  a  town  of  Moravia,  on  an  island  in 
the  March,  42  miles  E.S.E.  of  Brunn.     Pop.  3100. 

Hradisch,  a  famous  old  convent  of  Moravia,  near  01- 
mutz,  now  a  military  hospital. 

Hradisko,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Qradlitz. 

Hrajworon,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Gkaivorox. 

Ilrochow-Teinitz,  h'ro'kov-tl'nits,  a  village  of  Bo- 
hemia, 5  miles  E.  of  Chrudim.     Pop.  1786. 

Hron,  the  Slavonic  name  of  the  Gran. 

Ilronow,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Ronnow. 

HrubieszoAV,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Grubeschow. 

Hruska,  a  village  of  Austria.     See  Rautschka. 

Hrusowany,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Grusbach. 

Huachapnre,  w3,-chi,-poo'ri  or  hwi-chi-poo'ri,  a 
headland  of  Chili,  in  lat.  34°  58'  S.,  Ion.  72°  17'  W. 

Iluacho,  wd'cho  or  hwi'cho,  a  small  bay  of  Peru,  63 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Callao.  About  a  mile  from  the  coast  is  a 
small  town  of  the  same  name. 

Huafo,  an  island  in  the  Pacific.    See  Guafo. 

Huahcine,  or  Huahine,  hoo-&-hee'ni,  one  of  the 
Society  Islands,  N.W.  of  Tahiti.     Estimated  pop.  2000. 

Huallaga,  wil-y^'gl  or  hwil-yi'gi,  a  river  of  Peru, 
rises  in  the  Andes,  near  lat.  11°  S.,  13,200  feet  above  the 
sea.  It  flows  mostly  northward,  and  joins  the  Amazon  near 
lat.  5°  S.  and  Ion.  75°  40'  W.,  after  a  total  course  esti- 
mated at  500  miles.  The  towns  of  Huanca  and  Laguna  are 
on  its  banks,  and  near  lat.  7°  S.  it  runs  through  a  narrow 
gorge,  forming  there  and  elsewhere  several  falls. 

Huamachuco,  w4-mi-choo'ko,  or  Guamachuco, 
gwi-mi-choo'ko,  a  town  of  Peru,  department  of  Trujillo, 
capital  of  a  province,  55  miles  N.E.  of  the  town  of  Trujillo. 

Hnamanga,  a  town  of  Peru.    See  Ayacucho. 


Haamantla,  wi-mint'18,,  a  town  of  Mexico,  about  two 
days'  march  N.  by  E.  of  Puebla.  A  battle  was  fought  here, 
October  9,  1847,  between  the  Americans  and  the  Mexicans, 
resulting  in  the  defeat  of  the  latter. 

Hnamblin,  wS,m-bleen',  or  Socorro,  so-koR'Ro,  an 
island  on  the  W.  coast  of  Patagonia,  in  lat.  44°  49'  S.,  Ion, 
75°  15'  W. 

Huancabamba,  Ecuador.    See  Gcancabamba. 

Huancavelica,  wS,n-k9,-vi.-lee'ka,  or  Guancabe- 
lica,  gw&n-kd-Bi-lee'ki,  a  town  of  Peru,  capital  of  a 
province  and  of  a  department  of  its  own  name,  in  the 
Andes,  80  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ayacucho.  Elevation,  11,000 
feet.  Most  of  the  inhabitants  are  engaged  in  mining  and 
smelting  the  ores  of  gold,  silver,  and  mercury.  Pop.  8000  ; 
of  the  department,  104,140. 

Huanta,  w^n't^,  or  Guanta,  gw&n'tS.,  called  also 
Huancayo,  w4n-ki'o,  a  town  of  Peru,  capital  of  a  prov- 
ince of  its  own  name,  in  the  department  of  Junin,  25  miles 
S.E.  of  Jauja. 

Huanuco,  wi'noo-ko,  or  Gudnnco,  gwi'noo-ko,  a 
town  of  Peru,  capital  of  a  department  of  its  own  name, 
among  the  Andes,  180  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lima.  It  is  now 
decayed.     It  gives  name  to  a  bishop's  see. 

Huanuco,  a  mountainous  department  of  Peru,  bounded 
W.,  S.,  and  E.  by  the  department  of  Junin.  Chief  town, 
Hudnuco.     Pop.  77,988. 

Huaqui,  a  river  of  Mexico.     See  Yaque. 

Huaraz,  wi-ris',  a  town  of  Peru,  capital  of  the  depart- 
ment of  Ancachs,  130  miles  S.E.  of  Trujillo.  A  railway 
172  miles  long  extends  thence  to  Chimbote.     Pop.  5000. 

Huari,  w4-ree',  a  town  of  Peru,  capital  of  a  province 
of  its  own  name,  E.  of  the  Andes,  about  160  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Trujillo. 

Huarochiri,  wl-ro-che-ree',  or  Guarochiri,  gwi- 
ro-che-ree',  a  town  of  Peru,  department  of  Lima,  at  the 
foot  of  the  Andes,  60  miles  E.  of  Lima. 

Huasacuaico,  a  river  of  Mexico.    See  Coatzacwalcos. 

Huasco,  wis'ko,  or  Gnasco,  gwis'ko,  a  town  of 
Chili,  department  and  110  miles  N.  of  Coquimbo,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river  Huasco,  in  which  it  has  a  small  harbor. 
It  is  also  called  Huasco  Bajo,  to  distinguish  it  from  Huasco 
Alto,  a  small  inland  place  on  the  same  river. 

Huatulco,  a  port  of  Mexico.     See  Guatulco. 

Huaura,  wow'ri,  or  Guaura,  gwow'rl,  a  seaport 
town  of  Peru,  department  of  Lima,  province  and  50  miles 
N.W.  of  Chanoay,  near  the  mouth  of  the  river  Guaura, 
with  some  salt-works  and  remains  of  ancient  edifices. 

Huayna  Potosi,  Bolivian  Andes.    See  Supaiwasi. 

Hubb,  hub,  a  river  of  Beloochistan,  after  a  total  course 
of  100  miles  falls  into  the  Arabian  Sea  on  the  N.W.  side  of 
Cape  iMonze,  in  lat.  24°  50'  N.,  Ion.  66°  36'  E. 

JHub'bard,  a  post-village  of  Hardin  co.,  Iowa,  11  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Eldora  Junction.  It  has  7  churches,  a  bank, 
and  a  newspaper  ofiice.     Pop.  in  1890,  452. 

Hnbbard,  a  post-village  of  Hubbard  co.,  Minn.,  4  miles 
(direct)  S.  by  E.  of  Park  Rapids.  It  has  a  church,  2  acad- 
emies, a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  &o.     Pop.  about  300. 

Hubbfird,  a  post-village  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  8  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Youngstovvn,  and  6  miles  S.W.  of  Sharon, 
Pa.  It  has  7  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  rolling- 
mill,  and  2  furnaces.     Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  1498. 

Hubbard,  a  small  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Oregon, 
in  the  Willamette  Valley,  on  the  Oregon  A  California 
Railroad,  20  miles  N.  of  Salem.     It  has  a  church. 

Hubbard,  a  post-village  of  Hill  co.,  Tex.,  26  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Corsicana.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  broom- 
factory,  a  newspaper  office,  tto.     Pop.  in  1 890,  894. 

Hubbard's  Creek,  Texas,  drains  part  of  Shackelford 
CO.,  runs  northeastward,  and  enters  the  Clear  Fork  of  the 
Brazos  River  in  Stephens  co. 

Hub'bardston,  a  post-town  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 
20  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Worcester.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  public  library,  a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of 
woollen-cloth,  boxes,  and  lumber.     Pop.  in  1890,  1346. 

Hubbardston,  a  post-village  of  Ionia  co.,  Mich.,  on 
Fish  Creek,  about  33  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lansing,  and  15  miles 
N.E.  of  Ionia.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  flour-mill,  a  sash -factory,  &o. 

Hub'bardstown,  a  post-office  of  AVayne  co.,  W.  Va, 

Hub'bardsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y., 
30  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Utica.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  saw-mill,  and  a  large  trade  in  hops. 

Hub'bardton,  a  post-office  of  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  in  Hub- 
bardton  township,  at  the  N.  end  of  Bomaseen  (or  Bombazine) 
Lake,  8  miles  N.  of  Castleton.     Pop.  of  the  township,  506. 

Hubbardton  Kiver,  a  fine  mill-stream  of  Addison 
CO.,  Vt.,  falls  into  Poultney  River. 


HUB 


1432 


HOD 


Ilub'bcirs  Falls,  or  Mohr'8  Coraers,  »p<Mt-Tll- 

Uco  in  Curlotun  co.,  Ontario,  7  miles  E.  of  Arnprlor. 

llubblp,  hab'b'l,  »  township  of  Cape  Uirurdcaa  oo., 
Mo.     Pop.  ic.su. 

Ilubbletuii,  b&b'b'l-t{>n,  a  post^hamlot  of  Jefferson  co., 
Wi»..  on  Cniwlliih  Hivor,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwuuicee 
A  St.  I'uitl  lUilroad,  27  miles  E.N.E.  of  Madison.  It  has 
ft  flour-mill. 

Uub^elnville*  a  post-bamlet  of  Huntingdon  oo.,  Pa., 
about  :U  inilo.-<  S.K.  of  Altoona.     It  has  a  churoh. 

lIiibert^buriTv  hoo'b^rts-bSfiRsS  a  village  and  oostle 
of  Suxon.v,  -'4  uiilos  E.  of  Leipsio.     It  is  the  seat  of  a  hos- 
pital. Hlintihuufies,  and  otlier  public  institutions.     Pop.  1712. 
Ilu'bcrtvillo,  a  pust-offloe  of  Robertson  co.,  Tenn.,  6 
milos  from  Spi'in;^field. 

Uub'lerMburgf  a  poBtkvillage  of  Centi«  oo.,  Pa.,  in  the 
beautiful  Nittitny  Valley,  about  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Look 
Haren.  It  has  3  churohoe,  a  foundry,  and  a  machine-shop. 
Pop.  about  200. 
iliib'leyv  a  township  of  Schuylkill  oo.,  Pa.  Pop.  547. 
Iliickcswagen,  hlik'k^-^Vgh^n,  a  town  of  Rhenish 
Pfussia,  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Dusseldorf.     Pop.  3428. 

Huckleberry,  huk'^l-ber-ro,  a  post-offioeof  Echols  oo., 
Ga.,  at  Statenville  Station  on  the  Atlantic  &  Quif  Railroad, 
21  miles  S.  of  Dupont. 

Huck'iiall,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  7  milca  by  mil 
N.W.  of  Nottingham.  The  church  contains  a  monument 
to  the  poet  Uyron,  who  was  interred  here  in  1824.  Pop.  of 
parish,  4257. 

Ilud'dersfield,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York.  West 
Riding,  on  the  Colne,  at  the  junction  of  several  railways, 
14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Leeds,  It  is  mostly  built  of  stone,  on 
a  hill-slope,  and  has  an  elegant  parish  church,  handsome 
subordinate  churches,  many  chapels,  a  college,  a  church 
collegiate  school,  several  endowed  free  schools,  and  other 
charities,  a  large  infirmary,  a  mechanics'  institute  and  phil- 
osophical hall,  library,  news-room,  banking  company,  sev- 
eral branch  banks,  and  a  spacious  circular  piece-hall,  con- 
taining warehouse-room  for  manufacturers,  who  expose  their 
goods  here  for  sole.  The  principal  manufactures  of  the 
town  and  vicinity  are  broad  and  narrow  cloths,  kerseymeres, 
cotton  goods,  mohairs,  flushings,  serges,  cords,  and  especially 
"  fancy  goods."  The  trade  is  greatly  facilitated  by  the 
abundance  of  coal  in  the  vicinity,  and  by  canals  connecting 
with  both  the  Mersey  and  the  Humber.  Huddersfield  sends 
one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.  P.  (1891)  95,422. 
Hudiksvall,  hoo'diks-v&ll',  or  Uuddiksvall,  hood'- 
diks-viir,  a  se.-vport  town  of  Sweden,  Isen  and  70  miles  N. 
of  Geflc,  on  an  inlet  of  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia.  Lat.  64°  48' 
45"  N.;  Ion.  17°  15'  E.     Pop.  3016. 

Hudlitz,  hOSd'lits,  or  Hndlice,  hSSd-leet'si,  a  vil- 
lage of  Bohemia,  4  miles  from  Beraun.     Pop.  1533. 

Hud'son,  or  North  River,  an  important  river  of 
New  York,  rises  from  several  lakes  among  the  Adirondack 
Mountains,  in  Essex  co.,  at  an  altitude  of  4326  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea.  It  runs  southward,  with  wide  devia- 
tions from  a  direct  course,  and  intersects  Warren  co.  At 
Luzerne,  in  the  S.  part  of  this  county,  it  falls  60  feet  over 
a  nearly  perpendicular  ledge  of  gneiss.  Below  Sandy  Hill 
it  runs  southward  almost  continually,  with  small  deviations 
from  a  direct  line.  It  forms  the  boundary  between  the  cos. 
of  Saratoga,  Albany,  Greene,  Ulster,  Orange,  and  Rockland 
on  the  right,  and  Washington,  Rensselaer,  Columbia,  Dutch- 
ess, Putnam,  and  Westchester  on  the  left,  and  enters  New 
York  Bay  at  the  city  of  New  York.  It  is  about  360  miles 
long.  The  tide  ascends  166  miles  to  Troy,  which  is  the 
head  of  navigation.  Magnificent  steamboats  ply  daily  be- 
tween New  York  and  Albany  on  this  very  important  chan- 
nel of  commerce.  The  largest  ships  ascend  to  Hudson,  117 
miles.  At  Albany  a  railroad  bridge  has  been  constructed 
across  the  river.  The  chief  cities  on  the  Hudson  are  New 
York,  Jersey  City,  Albany,  Troy,  Newburg,  Poughkecpsie, 
and  Hudson.  Its  largest  affluents  are  the  Mohnwk,  Wal- 
kill,  Iloosic,  and  Sacondaga.  The  Hudson  is  perhaps  un- 
rivalled among  American  rivers  for  picturesque  and  mag- 
nificent scenery.  Below  Newburg  the  river  passes  between 
steep  bluffs  called  the  Highlands  of  the  Hudson,  which  rise 
abruptly  from  the  shore  to  the  height  of  1600  feet.  Between 
Rockland  and  AVestohester  cos.  is  an  expanded  part  of  the 
river,  called  Tappan  Sea  or  Bay,  which  is  about  4  miles  wide 
and  13  miles  long.  Below  this  bay  the  W.  bank  of  the 
river  is  a  vertical  or  very  steep  wall  of  trap  rock,  which  is 
about  500  feet  high  and  is  called  the  PalUadee.  This  re- 
markable bluff  extends  in  a  nearly  straight  line  for  a  dis- 
tance of  about  16  miles.  The  Hudson  is  a  mile  wide  or  more 
opposite  the  Palisades,  and  is  about  a  mile  wide  between 
ifew  York  and  Jersey  City. .   This  river  was  named  in  honor 


of  Hendrik  Hudson,  who  explored  it  in  1609.  The  Hudson 
River  Railroad,  which  connects  New  York  with  Albany,  it 
laid  on  the  E.  or  loft  bank  of  the  Hudson. 

Hudson,  a  small  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Now  Jer> 
sey,  is  bounded  E.  by  the  Hudson  River  and  Now  York 
Bay,  S.  by  Newark  Bay,  and  W.  by  the  Passaic  River.  Tha 
surface  is  uneven  or  hilly.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Hackcn- 
saok  River,  and  travcrced  by  the  lirit-  Riiilnmd,  the  Cuntrul 
Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  the  Lehigh  \'alloy  Riiilroad,  iba 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  the  West  Shore  Railroad,  and 
other  railroads.  Capital,  Jersev  City.  Area,  43  square 
miles.  Pop.  in  1870,  129,007;  in  1880,  187,944;  in  IHttO, 
275,126. 

Iludaon,  a  post-village  of  McLean  co.,  111.,  in  Hudson 
township,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of 
Bloomington.  It  hns  2  churches  and  a  ])ublio  sohoo!. 
Pop.  in  1S90,  273  ;  of  the  township,  I26U. 
Hudson,  a  township  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  407. 
Hudson,  a  post-village  of  Steuben  co.,  Ind.,  about  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Angola. 

Hudson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Black  Hawk  oo.,  lowu,  on 
Bliick  Hawk  Crcok,  about  1 1  miles  S.  of  Ce<lar  Falls. 

Hudson,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Penobscot  oo., 
Mo.,  15  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Bangor.  It  has  manufacturei' 
of  lumber.     Pop.  610. 

Hudson,  a  post-villnge  in  Hudson  township,  Middlesex 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Assabot  River,  and  on  the  Marlborough 
Branch  of  the  Fituhburg  Railroad,  about  28  milos  W.  of 
Boston,  and  17  miles  N.E.  of  Worcester,  It  has  6  churches, 
a  liigh  school,  3  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  tannery,  and 
manufactures  of  boots  and  shoes,  gossamers,  paper-boxes, 
lasts,  and  shoe-machinery.     Pop.  of  the  township,  4670. 

Hudson,  a  post-villnge  of  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  in  Hud- 
son township,  on  Tiffin  River,  and  on  the  Michigan  Southern 
Railroad,  17  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Adrian,  17  miles  E.  of 
Hillsdale,  and  about  30  miles  S.  of  Jackson.  It  has  6 
churches,  a  high  school,  2  banking-houses,  a  foundry,  and 
manufactures  of  potash,  bells,  cider,  tiles,  flour,  wooden- 
ware,  ploughs,  <fec.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published- 
here.     Pop.  in  1890,  2178;  of  the  township,  3479. 

Hudson,  a  post-oflSce  in  Hudson  township,  Douglas 
CO.,  Minn.,  8  miles  S.  of  Alexandria.     Pop.  507. 
Hudson,  a  post-office  of  Tunica  co..  Miss. 
Hudson,  a  post-hatnlet  of  Bates  co.,  Mo.,  62  miles  S.W. 
of  Sedalia,  and  3^  milos  from  Appleton  City. 

Hudson,  a  post-village  of  Hillsborough  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Hudson  town.'hip,  about  18  miles  S.  of  Manchester,  and  3 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Nashua.  The  township  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  the  Merrimac  River,  and  has  4  churches,  a  car- 
riage-factory, Ac.     Pop.  iu  1890,  1092. 

Hudson,  a  former  town  of  Hudson  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  E. 
bank  of  the  Hackensack  River,  about  3  miles  W.  of  New 
York  City.     In  1870  it  was  merged  in  Jersey  City. 

Hudson,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  is 
finely  situated  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Hudson  River,  and 
on  the  Hudson  River  Railroad,  at  the  terminus  of  the  Hud- 
son &  Chatham  Branch  of  the  Boston  k  Albany  Railroad, 
115  miles  N.  of  New  York,  and  28  miles  S.  of  Albany. 
The  river-bank  here  is  a  stoep  bluff,  about  60  feet  high, 
from  the  top  of  which  a  ridge  extends  eastward  to  Prospect 
Hill,  a  rounded  eminence,  which  is  nearly  600  feet  higher 
ban  the  river,  and  is  li  milos  from  the  W.  part  of  the 
city.  Warren  street,  the  principal  street  of  Hudson,  ex- 
tends along  the  crest  of  this  ridge  from  the  base  of  Prospect 
Hill  to  the  bluff,  on  which  is  a  delightful  promenade  over- 
looking the  river.  Hudson  contains  a  court-house  of  mar- 
ble and  limestone,  a  city  hall,  13  churches,  the  Hudson 
Academy,  a  public  library,  3  n.ational  banks,  extensive 
manufactures  of  clothing,  paper,  and  steam  fire-engines,  3 
blast-furnaces,  several  iron-foundries,  and  printing-offices 
which  issue  2  daily  and  3  weekly  ncwspa]>er6.  A  steam 
ferry-boat  plies  between  this  city  and  Athens,  which  is 
on  the  W,  side  of  the  river.  This  place  was  settled  about 
1784.     Pop.  in  1890,  9970. 

Hudson,  a  post- village  of  Summit  co.,  0.,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  two  railroads.  25  miles  S.S.B.  of  Cleveland,  and  14 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Akron.  It  has  4  churches,  a  union  school, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  flouring-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  manu- 
factures of  evaporators,  Ac.  Here  is  the  Western  Reserve 
Academy,  which  occupies  the  buildings  and  ground?  of  the 
Western  Rescne  College,  since  the  removal  of  the  latter  to 
Cleveland  in  1882.     Pop.  in  1890,  1143. 

Hudson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Pa.,  about  44 

miles  N.W.  of  Altoona.     It  has  2  churches,  and  coal-mines, 

Hudson,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co.,  8.D.,  13  miles 

by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Canton.     It  has  4  cliurches,  2  banks,,* 

public  school,  and  a  newspaper  oflfioe.     Pop.  about  260, 


I 


II0D 


1433 


IIUF 


Hudson,  a  post-town,  capital  of  St.  Croix  co.,  Wis.,  in 
Hudson  township,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  St.  Croix  River 
(here  navigable  for  large  steamboats),  at  the  mouth  of 
Willow  River,  20  miles  E.  of  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  and  6  or  7 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Stillwater.  It  is  on  the  Chicago,  St. 
Paul,  Minneapolis  &  Omaha  Railroad,  and  is  68  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  Eau  Claire.  It  has  8  churches,  a  national  bank, 
a  savings-bank,  a  high  school,  a  chair-factory,  j  ^room-fac- 
tory,  a  saw-mill,  several  other  mills,  and  mal.  ifactures 
iof  farming- implements,  ploughs,  cars,  and  wagons.  Two 
newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop.  in  189U,  2885j  of 
the  township,  additional,  65)3. 

Hud'son,orPointe  h  Cavagnol,  pwiNt  i  kiVin^- 
;y6l',  a  post-village  in  Vaudreuil  co.,  Quebec,  oa  the  river 
Ottawa,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Vaudreuil.  It  contains  a  glass- 
factory  and  4  stores.     Pop.  150. 

Hudson  Bay  Territory.  See  Nouth-West  Terki- 
roniKS,  and  Keewatin. 

Hudson  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Ilillsborougli  co., 
N.ll.,  on  the  Nashua  &  Rochester  Railroad,  at  Hudson 
Station,  2i  miles  E.  of  Nashua. 

Hudson  City,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  N.J.,  ia  a 
branch  of  the  Jersey  City  post-office,  the  former  city  of 
Iludson  having  been  merged  in  Jersey  City. 

Hud'sondale,  a  post-village  of  Carbon  co..  Pa.,  in 
Packer  township,  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  at  Ilartz 
Station,  about  7  miles  N.W.  of  Mauch  Chunk.  It  has  a 
church,  a  foundry,  and  a  machine-shop. 

Hudson  Junction,  a  post-office  of  St.  Croix  co.,  AVis., 
on  the  North  Wisconsin  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the 
West  Wisconsin  Railroad,  3  miles  E.  of  Iludson. 

Hudson's  Bay,  North  America,  is  an  inland  sea  con- 
nected with  the  Atlantic  Ocean  by  Iludson  Strait.  It  is 
comprised  between  lat.  51°  and  70°  N.  and  between  Ion. 
77°  and  95°  W.  It  is  about  900  miles  long  (exclusive  of 
Fox  Channel,  its  N.  portion),  and  its  greatest  width  is 
near  600  miles.  It  is  surrounded  by  British  territory,  the 
climate  of  which  is  extremely  rigorous.  Navigation  is 
obstructed  by  ice  for  9  or  10  months  in  the  year.  It  is 
visited  by  whalemen  in  summer. 

Hudson's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Culpeper  co.,  Va., 
8  miles  W.  of  Culpeper.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Hudson  Strait,  North  America,  connects  Hudson's 
Bay  with  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  washes  the  northern  part 
of  Labrador.  It  is  about  400  miles  long,  and  from  60  to  150 
miles  wide. 

Hud'sonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Breckenridgo  co.,  Ky., 
about  54  miles  S.S.W.  of  Louisville.     It  has  a  church. 

Hudsonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  railroad  which  connects  Grand  Rapids  with  Holland,  11 
miles  S.W.  of  Grand  Rapids,     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Hudsonville,  a  post- village  of  Marshall  co..  Miss.,  on 
the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad,  8  miles  N. 
of  Holly  Springs.     It  has  a  steam  mill  and  3  stores. 

Hudsonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caldwell  co.,  N.C.,  on 
the  Chester  &  Lenoir  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Icard.  It  has 
a  church. 

Hue,  hwi  or  hoo-i',  a  river  of  Anam,  after  an  E.N.E. 
course  of  about  100  miles,  falls  into  the  road  of  Hue,  which 
forms  an  excellent  harbor,  65  miles  N.W.  of  Turon  Harbor. 
Lat.  16°  N. 

Hue,  Hu6-Fo,  Thua-Thien,  t'hwi^-te-«n',  Pha- 
Tua-Tien,  fi'-twi'-te-5n',  or  Phux-Uan,  foox'-win', 
the  capital  city  of  the  empire  of  Anam,  in  Cochin  China, 
on  the  Hue  River,  about  10  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the 
China  Sea.  Lat.  16°  30'  N.;  Ion.  107°  12'  E.  It  has 
probably  no  parallel  in  the  East,  having  been  early  in  the 
present  century  regularly  fortified  in  the  European  style. 
Its  walls,  mounting  numerous  cannon,  and  upwards  of  5 
miles  in  circumference,  enclose  an  inner  citadel,  with  the 
palace,  and  spacious  barracks,  large  granaries,  an  arsenal, 
and  magazines,  which,  with  other  public  buildings,  are 
supplied  with  water  by  a  broad  canal  from  the  river,  faced 
with  masonry  and  crossed  by  bridges.  A  large  garrison 
and  fleet  are  usually  stationed  here.     Pop.  100,000. 

Hnecija,or  Huecixa,wA-thee'Ha,  a  village  of  Spain, 
in  Andalusia,  13  miles  N.  of  Almeria.     Pop.  966. 

Huehuetoca,  wA-wi-to'ki,  or  Gueguetoca,  gwi- 
gw4-to'kl,  a  village  of  Mexico,  state  and  30  miles  N.  of 
Mexico. 

Huejocingo,  or  Huexocingo,  wi-uo-seeng'go,  a 
Tillage  of  Mexico,  18  miles  N.AV.  of  the  city  of  La  Puebla. 

Huclgoat,  hw6rgo-i',  a  village  of  France,  in  Finis- 
ttre.  20  miles  N.E.  of  Chatoaulin.     Pop.  1277. 

Huelma,  wfil'mi,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  27 
miles  S.E.  of  Jaen.     Pop.  2748. 

Huelsburg,  or  Huilsburg,  hils'burg,  a  post-hamlet 
91 


of  Dodge  CO.,  Wis.,  44  miles  N.W.  of  Milwaukee.     It  has  a 
foundry  and  a  plough-factory. 

Hneiva,  wel'vi  or  hwSl'vi,  or  Hnclba,  wfil'Bi  (anc. 
Onoba),  a  maritime  town  of  Spain,  capital  of  the  province 
of  the  same  name,  on  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantic,  49  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Seville.  It  is  the  terminus  of  two  railways,  and 
has  an  export  trade  by  sea.     Pop.  11,722. 

Huelva,  a  province  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  bordering 
on  the  Atlantic  and  on  Portugal.  Area,  4118  square  miles. 
It  is  a  picturesque  mountain-country,  and  is  rich  in  metals. 
Capital,  Huelva.     Pop.  196,469. 

Hueneja,  wi-ni'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  37 
miles  E.  of  Granada.     Pop.  2805. 

Hueneme,  wdn'e-mi  (Sp.  pron.  w4'ni-mi),  a  post- 
village  and  shipping-point  of  Ventura  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
ocean,  about  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Santa  Barbara.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  bank,  a  public  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
a  starch-factory. 

Huercal,  wSn-kil',  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
3  miles  from  Almeria.     Pop.  1715. 

Huercal-Overa,  wSn-kil'-o-vi'ra,  or  Huercal- 
Obera,  wfin-kdl'-o-Bi'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  40 
miles  N.E.  of  Almeria,  near  the  Almanzora.  Pop.  4957, 
engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  lace,  table-linens,  and  soap. 

Huerfano,  wer'fi-no,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Colo- 
rado. Area,  1600  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Huerfano  and  Cucharas  Rivers.  The  surface  presents 
grand  mountain-scenery,  and  the  county  comprises  a  part  of 
the  Sangre  de  Cristo  range  of  mountains.  The  soil  produces 
good  natural  pasture.  The  mountains  are  partly  covered 
with  forests  of  evergreen  trees.  The  county  is  traversed 
by  the  Denver  <fc  Rio  Grande,  Union  Pacific,  and  Denver, 
Texas  &  Fort  Worth  Railroads.  Capital,  Walsenburg. 
Pop.  in  1870,  2250  ;  in  1880,  4124 ;  in  1890,  6882. 

Huerfano,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pueblo  co.,  Co!.,  on  the 
Huerfano  River.  It  has  a  church.  Huerfano  Station  on  the 
Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railroad  is  156  miles  S.  of  Denver. 

Huerfano  Ca&on,  kin'yon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huer 
fano  CO.,  Col.,  on  the  Huerfano  River,  25  miles  N.W.  of 
Walsenburg.     It  has  a  store. 

Huerfano  River,  Colorado,  rises  in  the  Sierra  Blanca, 
drains  part  of  Huerfano  co.,  runs  northeastward,  and  enters 
the  Arkansas  River  in  Pueblo  co.,  nearly  25  miles  below 
the  town  of  Pueblo.     It  is  about  100  miles  long. 

Huerta,  wfis'tA,  numerous  villages  of  Spain,  the  most 
worthy  of  notice  being  Huerta  de  Valdecarabafios,  wiii'ti 
d4  vS,l-di-k4-Ki-Bin'yoce,  province  and  17  miles  S.E.  of 
Toledo.     Pop.  2100. 

Huesca,  wfis'ki  or  hwfis'ki  (anc.  Os'cn),  acity  of  Spain, 
in  Aragon,  capital  of  a  province,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Isuela,  36  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Saragossa.  Pop.  10,246. 
It  is  a  fine  city,  solidly  built  and  picturesque,  but  decaying. 
Principal  edifices,  the  cathedral,  with  numerous  statues  and 
a  magnificent  altar-piece,  15  convents,  a  foundling  hospital, 
cavalry  barracks,  and  the  ancient  palace  of  the  kings  of 
Aragon.  Its  university  was  founded  in  1354,  but  has  been 
abolished.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  2  colleges  and  soma 
schools.  Near  it  are  monasteries  containing  striking  works 
of  art.  Huesca  has  some  tanneries,  linen-manufactures', 
and  a  large  annual  fair. 

Huesca,  a  province  of  Spain,  in  Aragon,  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  France,  and  E.  by  the  province  of  Lerida.  Area, 
5872  square  miles.     Capital,  Huesca.     Pop.  274,623. 

Huescar,  wfis'kaR  or  hwfis'kan,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  68  miles  N.E.  of  Granada.  It  has  manufactures 
of  linen  goods  and  woollen  cloth.     Pop.  5106. 

Hueston,  Bourbon  co.,  Ky.    See  Houston. 

Huete,  wi'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  34  miles 
N.W.  of  Cuenca.     Pop.  2600.     It  has  a  fort. 

Huetor-T^uor,  wi-ton'-ti-nOr',  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Andalusia,  26  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Granada,  on  the  Genii. 

Huexocingo,  Mexico.    See  Hiiejoci.vgo. 

Huey,  hu'i,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  HI.,  i  milea 
by  rail  E.  of  Carlyle.     It  has  4  churches. 

Hueysville,  hii'iz-vil,  a  post-office  of  Floyd  co.,  Ky. 

Huf'faker's,  a  station  in  Washoe  co.,  Nevada,  on 
the  Virginia  &  Truckeo  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Reno. 

Huff 'man's,  a  station,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Jamesburg,  N.J. 

Huffman's,  a  post-ofiice  of  Morgan  co.,  0. 

Huff'mansville,  a  hamlet  of  Edgar  co..  111.,  6  miles 
N.E.  of  Paris. 

Huff's  Church,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Hereford  township,  about  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Philadel- 
phia.    It  has  a  church. 

Huff'stetler's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Blount  co.,Tenn, 

Hnffs'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Floyd  co.,  Va.,  12  miles  N.K 
of  Floyd  Court-House.     It  has  a  church.  , 


HUF 


1434 


HUL 


UMinf  en«  hlt'flng-«n, »  town  of  Baden,  circle  of  Lake, 
•  milee  S.  of  VllHnKen.     Pop.  1730. 

HMceUheim,  hU'ghflshlme',  a  Tillage  of  Baden,  5} 
Bile*  S.W.  of  llMtadt.     Pop.  1043. 

Uuc'ginsvillet  a  post-liaulot  of  Gentry  co.,  Mo., 
about  dO  luilei  N.N.B.  of  St.  Jo8epb.     It  has  a  church. 

HagheSf  hnie,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  South 
Dakota,  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Missouri  River. 
Area,  750  square  uiile«.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago  & 
Northwestern  Railroad.  Pierre  is  the  capital  of  the  county 
and  of  the  state.     Pop.  in  1S80,  268;  in  ISUO,  5044. 

Hughes^  a  hamlet  of  Arapahoe  co.,  Col.,  at  the  junction 
of  two  ruilroads,  1»  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Denver. 

Uuf^hes,  a  post-township  of  Nodaway  oo..  Mo.,  about 
88  miles  X.  of  St.  Joseph.     Pop.  1420. 

Ilughesdale*  has  dale,  or  Hughes^  a  post-hamlet 
of  Providence  oo.,  R.I.,  in  Johnston  township,  2}  miles 
from  OInoyville.     It  has  a  manufactory  of  chemicals. 

Hughes  ]liver>  West  Virginia,  is  formed  by  its  North 
and  South  Forks,  which  unite  on  the  S.W.  border  of  Ritchie 
00.  It  runs  westward  about  10  miles,  and  enters  the  Little 
Kanawha  River  at  Newark.  Wirt  co.  The  North  Fork  runs 
■outhwestward  through  Ritchie  co.  The  South  Fork  drains 
part  of  Doddridge  oo.,  and  forms  the  S.  boundary  of  Ritchie 
00.,  until  it  unites  with  the  North  Fork. 

Hughes  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Cass  oo.,  Tex.,  6 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Daingerfield.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
foundry,  a  shingle-mill,  8  saw-iuills,  iScc. 

Hughes  Station,  a  post-haiulet  of  Butler  co.,  0.,  25 
miles  N.  of  Cincinnati.    It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Hughesville,  huz'vll,  a  post-hamlct  of  Charles  oo., 
Md.,  54  mik-8  S.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  a  church. 

Hughesville,  a  small  village  of  Michigan,  on  the 
Flint  <t  Pcre  Marquette  Railroad,  16  miles  N.  of  Flint. 

Hughesviile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pettis  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Lexington  Branch  of  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  11 
miles  N.W.  of  Sedalia.     It  has  2  stores. 

Hughesville,  a  post-borough  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.,  in 
Wolf  township,  on  Muncy  Creek,  and  on  the  Muncy  Creek 
Railroad,  which  connects  with  the  Catawissa  <t  Williams- 
port  Railroad,  19  miles  E.  of  Williamsport.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  2  foundries,  2  m.tchine-shops, 
a  flour-mill,  a  cnair-factory,  and  an  extensive  trade  in 
lumber.     Pop.  in  1880,  899;  in  1890,  1358. 

Hughesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va.,  3 
miles  from  Hamilton  Railroad  Station. 

Uu$:hsonville,  hti'son-vll,  a  post-village  of  Dutchess 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Wappinger's  Creek,  1  mile  from  New  Ham- 
burg Railroad  Station,  and  about  9  miles  S.  of  Pough- 
keepsie.     It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

Ilugli,  India.     See  Hoogly. 

Hu'go,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lincoln  co..  Col.,  143 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Denver.  It  has  a  church,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  a  cheese -factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  121. 

Hugo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Douglas  co.,  111.,  about  20  miles 
N.  of  Charleston. 

Huguenot,  hu'gh^-not,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Neversink  River  and  the  Delaware  &  Hudson 
Canal,  and  on  the  Port  Jervis  <k  Monticello  Railroad,  4 
miles  N.E.  of  Port  Jervis.     Pop.  about  200. 

Huguenot,  a  station  in  Richmond  co.,  N.T.,  on  the 
Staten  Island  Railroad,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Edgewater. 

Huguenot,  a  post-office  of  Powhatan  oo.,  Va. 

Hiihnerwasser,  Hiinerwasser,  hii'nfr-*-S.s^s?r, 
Hiinnerwasser,  or  Kurziwody,  koon'ze-^^oMee,  a 
town  of  Bohemia,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Buntzlau.     Pop.  1102. 

Huiet's,  a  township  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C.  Pop.  2556. 
.    Huilsburg,  Wisconsin.     See  Huelsburg. 

Huisseau,  hwees^sO',  several  villages  of  France:  the 
principal,  IIuisseau-sur-Mauve,  hwees^so'-sUu-mov,  in 
Loiret,  9  miles  W.  of  Orleans.     Pop.  1495. 

Huizen,  hoi'z^n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North 
Holland,  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Amsterdam.     Pop.  3166. 

Iluizum,  hoi'zum,  or  Husum,  hii'sum,  a  village  of 
the  Netherlands,  1  mile  S.E.  of  Leeuwarden.     Pop.  1010. 

Hi^amree,  hoo^jim'ree,  a  mouth  of  the  Great  East 
Channel  of  the  Indus,  in  lat.  24°  10'  N.,  Ion.  67°  28'  E. 

Hnkong,  hoo'kong',  or  Payen-Dwen,  pi-fin*-dwJn', 
a  valley  in  the  N.  of  Burmah,  on  the  Assam  frontier, 
bounded  on  all  sides  by  hills  of  the  Shuedounggyi  range. 
The  principal  river  of  the  valley  is  the  Khyen-Dwen. 
The  inhabitants  are  chiefly  Singphos  and  their  slaves. 

Hu-Kwang,  China.   See  Hoo-Quang. 

Ilul'berton,  a  post-office  of  Coahoma  co.,  Miss. 

lluVburt,  a  station  in  Crittenden  co..  Ark.,  on  the 
Memphis  .t  Little  Rock  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  by  S.  of 
Memphis,  Tenn. 


Hnl'burton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orleans  oo.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Erie  Canal,  25  miles  W.  of  Rochester.     It  lias  a  church. 

Huldcnbcrgh,  hQI'd^n-bdiic^  a  village  of  Belgium, 
province  of  Bnibant.     Pop.  1500. 

Hul'dcrman,  a  post-office  of  Barbour  co.,  W.  Vo. 

Huleh,  Palestine.     See  Baiiu-ei.-Hoolkii. 

llulein,  hoo'lSne,  or  Iloulin,  hoo'iin,  a  town  of  Mo> 
ravia,  on  the  railway  from  Vienna  to  Olmutz,  10  miles  S.  of 
Prorau.     Pop.  2000. 

Hn'lctt's  Land'ing,  a  post-office  and  landing  of 
Washington  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Lake  George. 

Ilu'lick's,  a  station  in  Clermont  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Cio> 
cinnati  A  Eastern  Railroad,  2  miles  E.  of  Batavia. 

Hull,  hull,  or  Kings'ton-upon-Hull,  a  borongh 
of  England,  and  county  of  itself,  co.  of  York,  East  Riding, 
on  the  N.  shore  of  the  estuary  of  the  Hurabor,  where  it  ?i 
joined  by  the  Hull,  about  20  mllos  from  its  mouth,  and  at 
the  junction  of  several  railways,  34  miles  E..S.E.  of  York. 
Lat.  53°  W  36"  N. ;  Ion.  0°  20'  W.  The  old  town,  about 
three-fourths  of  a  mile  in  length,  stands  on  the  W.  side  of 
the  river  Hull,  at  its  entrance  into  the  Humbcr,  and  is 
enclosed  from  N.  to  W.  by  three  noble  docks,  crossed  by 
movable  bridges.  Beyond  these  arc  Myton  on  the  W.  and 
Sculcoates  on  the  N.,  both  containing  populous  quarters  of 
the  modern  town  ;  and  beyond  the  Hull,  on  the  E.,  are  Sut- 
ton and  Drypool.  The  town  has  a  respectable  but  not  a 
striking  appearance;  it  is  well  built,  and  amply  supplied 
with  water.  A  line  of  streets  runs  from  the  Humbcr  north- 
ward  through  the  middle  of  the  old  town,  and  is  crossed  by 
several  others  leading  to  still  broader  thoroughfares  beyond  I 
the  docks,  all  of  which  present  good  shops  and  a  very  busy 
scene  of  traffic.  In  Sculcoates  are  many  broad  and  hand- 
some streets  of  private  residences,  all  included  in  the 
borough.  The  streets  are  generally  well  paved  and  well 
lighted.  Extensive  warehouses,  backed  by  narrow  lanes, 
border  the  muddy  river  Hull,  along  which  the  town  and  its 
suburbs  of  Trippet  and  Sculcoates  extend.  In  the  centre 
of  the  old  town  is  the  market-place,  containing  the  fine 
church  of  the  Holy  Trinity,  272  feet  in  length,  and  one  of 
the  finest  specimens  of  Gothic  architecture  in  England. 
There  are  11  other  churches,  many  dissenting  chapels,  a 
synagogue,  and  a  floating  chapel  for  mariners.  Among  the 
other  public  buildings  are  the  custom-house,  exchange, 
pilot-,  dock-,  excise-,  and  stamp-offices,  infirmary,  theatres, 
college,  jail,  mansion-house,  and  museum. 

Among  the  institutions  m.ay  be  mentioned  the  Trinity 
Guild,  founded  in  1369,  for  superannuated  scnracn  and  the 
widows  of  seamen,  with  an  annual  revenue  of  about  £13,000; 
it  has  an  elegant  edifice  in  the  Tuscan  order,  containing  a 
council-room  with  good  portraits,  a  museum,  a  school  for 
boys  destined  for  the  merchant  service,  and  dwellings  for 
pensioners.  There  are  also  numerous  hospitals  and  other 
charities,  a  charter-house,  a  medical  school,  a  grammar- 
school,  a  great  number  of  charitable  schools,  refuges  for  the 
insane  and  the  destitute,  a  dispensary,  penitentiary,  and 
lying-in  charity,  a  mechanics'  institute,  lyccum,  and  athc- 
nasum,  a  sailors'  institute,  a  s.avings-bank,  a  zoological  gar- 
den, a  bottinic  garden,  and  a  fine  public  park. 

Hull  ranks  as  the  third  port  in  the  kingdom.  It  is  con- 
nected by  railways  with  all  parts  of  Great  Britain.  The 
Trent,  Ouse,  Don,  <fec.,  tributaries  of  the  Humbcr,  nnJ 
navigable  canals,  connect  it  also  with  a  large  inland  terri- 
tory. Its  docks  and  basins  are  very  extensive  and  com- 
plete, arc  surrounded  by  broad  quays  and  large  warehouses, 
and  are  crowded  with  shipping  of  all  nations. 

The  principal  exports  are  cotton  and  woollen  stuffs  and 
j-arn,  earthenwares,  hardwares,  metals,  rape-seed,  and  corn, 
the  latter  chiefly  imported  previously,  with  wool,  bones, 
timber,  hemp,  flax,  madder,  skins,  and  other  produce  from 
Germany,  Denmark,  and  the  Baltic,  with  which,  and  with 
North  America,  its  foreign  trade  is  the  most  active.  Its 
coasting  trade  is  highly  important. 

Hull  has  some  cotton-  and  flax-mills  and  iron-foundries. 
Ship-builJing  and  its  auxiliary  manufactures,  including 
boilers  and  steam-engines,  are  extensively  carried  on. 
There  are  also  numerous  tanneries,  potteries,  breweries, 
sugar-refineries,  soap-  and  gas-works,  and  grain-  and  oil- 
mills.  In  the  E.  suburbs  are  many  mills  impelled  by 
wind,  giving  a  Dutch  appearance  to  the  scenery  along  the 
Humbcr.     The  town  has  many  banks  and  newgy)apers. 

The  town,  under  the  name  of  Mytoti-wyk,  was  of  impor- 
tance in  the  time  of  Athelstnn ;  but  its  consequence  as  a 
port  dates  from  the  time  of  Edward  I.,  who  conferred  on  it 
the  designation  of  Kingston.  Pop.  in  1841,  65,670;  in 
1871,121,892;  in  1881,  165,690;  in  1891,  199,991. 

Hull,  a  po^it-vilhige  of 'Tuscaloosa  co.,  Ala.,  10  miles  by 
rail  S.  uf  Tuscaloosa.     It  bus  3  churches. 


HUL 


1435 


HUM 


Hull,  a  village  of  Clinton  co.,  III.     See  Avistox. 

Hull,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co.,  III.,  10  miles  by  rail 
E.  of  Hannibal,  Mo.     It  has  a  church. 

Hull,  a  post-village  of  Sioux  co.,  Iowa,  19  miles  by 
rail  E.S.E.  of  Canton.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  2  news- 
paper offices,  a  butter-  and  cheese-factory,  and  manu- 
factures of  washing-machines.     Pop.  566. 

Hull,  a  post-township  of  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  is  a 
small  peninsula  in  Mnssachusetts  Bay,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Bos- 
ton.    Pop.  in  1890,  989. 

Hull,  the  chief  town  of  the  county  of  Ottawa,  Quebec, 
on  the  Northern  Colonization  Railway,  and  on  the  Ottawa 
River,  opposite  Ottawa  City.  It  has  great  water-power,  and 
has  an  axe-factoiy,  a  carding-  and  woollen- niill,  and  manu- 
factures of  lumber,  matches,  pails,  and  wooden-ware;  also 
40  stores  and  several  fine  residences.  Iron-mines  are  worked 
IB  the  vicinity.  A  handsome  suspension-bridge  connecting 
llull  and  Ottawa  spans  the  ChaudiSre  Falls,  a  magnificent 
cataract.     Pop.  in  1881,  6890;  in  1S9I,  11,265. 

Hullcin,  hool'line,  a  village  of  Austria,  23  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Oluiutz.     Pop.  2000. 

Hul'lens,  a  hamlet  of  Alexander  co.,  111.,  about  20 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Cairo.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hull  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  po?t-villago  of  "Wood  co.,  0., 
in  Middletown  township,  on  the  Dayton  &,  Michigan  Rail- 
road, 16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Toledo. 

Hull  River,  of  England,  co.  of  York,  East  Riding,  rises 
near  Great  Driffield,  flows  S.,  and,  after  a  total  course  of  30 
miles,  enters  the  Humber  on  the  E.  side  of  Hull. 

Hull's,  a  post-office  of  Athens  co.,  0. 

Hull's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  CO.,  N.C. 

Hull's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y. 

Hull's  Foiut,  Ray  co..  Mo.,  is  a  shipping-point  on  the 
Missouri  River,  4  miles  from  Orrick  Railroad  Station. 

Hulls'ville,  or  Saiut  Just,  a  post-village  in  Ilaldi- 
mand  co.,  Ontario,  28  miles  S.W.  of  Hamilton. 

Hulme,  liume  or  home,  a  township  of  England,  co.  of 
Lancaster,  within  the  municipal  limits  of  Manchester. 

Hulnieville,  hutu'vll,  or  Hulmesville,  humz'vil,  a 
post-borough  of  Rucks  co..  Pa.,  on  Neshaminy  Creek,  about 

8  miles  S.W.  of  Trenton,  N.J.,  and  1  mile  from  the  New 
York  &,  Philadelphia  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  rope-works,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  hair-cloth  fac- 
tory.    Pop.  in  1890,  418, 

Hnlpe,  hiil'p^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  South  Bra- 
bant, 4  miles  E.N.E.  of  AVaterloo.     Pop.  1884. 

HiJis,  hiils,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  at  a  railway 
junction,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Dusseldorf.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  ribbons  and  damasks.     Pop.  5200. 

Hulst,  hiilst,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  province  of 
Zealand,  on  a  railway,  and  on  an  affluent  of  the  Scheldt, 
15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Antwerp.  It  has  a  cu:?tom-house. 
Pop.  2287.. 

Hulton,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  3  miles 
by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  4  churches,  public 
Echools,  and  manufactures  of  springs,  tools,  glass,  &c. 

Hultschiu,  hoolt-sheen',  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  on 
the  Oppa,  13  miles  E.  of  Troppau.     Pop.  2764. 

Hulwud,  hiiPwud',  a  town  of  India,  in  Baroda,  penin- 
Bala  of  Kattywar,  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Mallia.  Lat.  22°  51' 
N.;  Ion.  71°  16'  E. 

Hn'mansville,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co.,  Mo.,  20 
miles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Osceola.  It  has  6  churches,  2 
banks,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  wagon-factory, 
B  plough-factory,  and  a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  791. 

Uumbeek,  htim'bik,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Brabant, 

9  miles  N.  of  Bru.sscls.     Pop.  2100. 

Hum'ber,  an  estuary  of  the  E.  coast  of  England,  be- 
tween Yorkshire  and  Lincolnshire,  formed  by  the  junction 
of  the  Ouse  and  Trent  Rivers,  8  miles  E.  of  Goole,  whence 
it  proceeds  for  about  18  miles  eastward,  and  then  for  about 
22  miles  S.E.  to  the  North  Sea.  It  receives  from  the  N. 
the  Foulness  and  Hull,  and  from  the  S.  the  Ancholme  and 
Lijdd  Rivers. 

Huin'ber,  or  Clair'ville,  a  post-village  in  York  co., 
.Ontario,  on  the  Humber  River,  h  mile  from  Humber  Sum- 
mit.    Pop.  200. 

Hum'berstone,  or  Pe'tersburg,  also  called  Stone- 
bridge,  a  post-village  of  Welland  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
Wellaiid  Canal,  1  mile  from  Port  Colborne.     Pop.  400. 

Hum'bird,  or  Hum'burd,  a  post- village  of  Clark  co., 
Wis.,  on  the  West  Wisconsin  Railroad,  38  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Eau  Claire,  and  17  miles  N.  of  Black  River  Falls.  It  has 
a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Humboldt,  hfim'bolt,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of 
California,  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
»nd  is  intersected  by  Eel  and  Mad  Rivers.    Area,  estimated 


at  3570  square  miles.  Among  its  physical  features  is 
Cape  Mendocino,  the  westernmost  point  of  California.  The 
surface  is  diversified  with  high  mountains,  fertile  valleys, 
and  rolling  prairies,  and  a  large  part  of  the  county  is 
covered  with  dense  forests  of  large  evergreen  trees,  among 
which  is  the  red-wood  (Sequoia  sempervireiis).  Lumber 
(mostly  red-wood  and  pine)  is  the  chief  article  of  export. 
The  soil  of  the  valleys  and  prairies  is  fertile  and  adapted  to 
pastoral  pursuits.  Cattle,  oats,  wool,  and  potatoes  are  the 
staple  products.  It  is  traversed  in  the  W.  by  the  Eel  River 
&  Eureka  Railroad.  Capital,  Eureka.  Pop.  in  1870,  6140  ; 
it  1880,  15,512;  in  1890,  23,469. 

Humboldt,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of 
Iowa,  has  an  area  of  432  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  E.ast  and  West  Forks  of  the  Des  Moines  River,  which 
last  river  is  formed  in  the  S.  part  of  the  county  by  the 
union  of  these  branches.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  groves. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  and  oats  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  has  abundance  of  lime- 
stone, a  good  material  for  building.  It  is  intersected  by 
several  railroads.  Capital,  Dakotah.  Pop.  in  1870,  2596; 
in  1880,  5341;  in  1890,  9836. 

Humboldt,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Nevada, 
borders  on  Oregon.  Area,  16,580  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Humboldt  River,  and  drained  by  the  King, 
Quinn,  and  Little  Humboldt  Rivers.  The  surface  presents 
barren  granitic  mountains,  and  sterile  or  arid  table-lands, 
in  which  water  and  timber  are  scarce.  Humboldt  River 
enters  Humboldt  Lake,  which  is  in  the  S.  part  of  this 
county  and  has  no  outlet.  The  inhabitants  are  mostly  em- 
ployed in  mining.  The  greater  portion  of  the  land  in  this 
county  is  irrigated  for  hay,  the  acreage  of  cereals  and 
vegetables  being  almost  insignificant  in  comparison.  Sil- 
ver, copper,  and  lead  are  found  here.  Capital,  Winnemucca, 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad. 
Pop.  in  1870,  1916;  in  1880,  3480;  in  1890,  3434. 

Humboldt,  Coles  co..  111.     See  Humbolt. 

Humboldt,  a  station  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 3i  miles  W.  of  Chicago,  III. 

Humboldt,  a  post-village  of  Humboldt  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Springvale  township,  on  the  Des  Moines  River,  at  or  near 
the  junction  of  its  East  and  West  Forks,  19  miles  by  rail 
N.  of  Fort  Dodge.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  a  graded 
school,  and  5  newspaper  offices.  The  place  is  the  seat  of 
Humboldt  College,  which  was  organized  in  1869.  Pop.  in 
1890,  1075. 

Hum  boldt,  a  post-village  in  Humboldt  township,  Allen 
CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  B.  bank  of  the  Neosho  River,  and  on  the 
Leavenworth,  Lawrence  A  Galveston  Railroad,  86  miles  S. 
of  Lawrence,  35  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Parsons,  and  60  miles 
S.E.  of  Emporia.  It  is  connected  with  the  last  two  places 
by  the  Neosho  division  of  the  Missouri,  Kansas  A  Texas 
Railroad.  It  has  6  churches,  a  banking-house,  2  newspaper 
offices,  2  steam  flouring-mills,  and  a  furniture-factory. 
Pop.  1361 ;  of  the  township,  1841. 

Humboldt,  a  post- village  of  Marquette  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Marquette,  Houghton  &  Ontonagon  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Republic  Branch  Railroad,  26  miles  AV.  of 
Marquette.     It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  and  rich  iron-mines. 

Humboldt,  a  village  of  Sherburne  co.,  Minn.,  on  Elk 
River,  and  on  the  St.  Paul  A  Pacific  Railroad,  50  miles 
N.W.  of  St.  Paul. 

Humboldt,  a  post-village  of  Richardson  co..  Neb.,  on 
the  Big  Nemaha  River,  and  on  the  Burlington  A  Missouri 
River  Railroad,  71  miles  S.E.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  5  churches, 
graded  schools,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  cheese-fac- 
tory, 2  grist-mills,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  1114. 

Humboldt,  a  station  in  Humboldt  co.,  Nevada,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  and  on  the  Humboldt  River,  40 
miles  S.W.  of  Winnemucca.  Here  is  Humboldt  House 
Post-Office. 

Humboldt,  a  post-village  of  Gibson  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Mobile  A  Ohio  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Louisville  A 
Memphis  Railroad,  17  miles  N.  of  Jackson,  and  81  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Memphis.  It  has  5  churches,  a  seminary  for 
girls,  a  money-order  post-office,  an  Odd-Fellows'  college,  2 
newspaper  olBces,  2  flour-mills,  and  a  foundry.  Pop.  in 
1890,  1837. 

Humboldt,  a  post-office  of  Hunt  co.,  Tex. 

Humboldt,  a  hamlet  of  Milwaukee  co..  Wis.,  i  mile 
N.  of  the  city  limit  of  Milwaukee,  and  on  the  Milwaukee 
River,  opposite  Lake  Shore  Junction.  It  is  regularly  laid 
out  in  streets,  has  15  or  20  houses,  and  a  manufactory  of 
cement.  It  was  formerly  a  manufacturing  village  of  some 
importance,  but  was  partly  destroyed  by  fire  about  1873. 

Humboldt  Basin,  a  post-village  or  mining-camp  of 


nuM 


1436 


HUN 


Baker  oo.,  Oregon,  about  37  mllea  S.S.E.  of  Baker  City. 
Gold  li  found  here. 

Humboldt  Uay*  of  Humboldt  oo.,  Cal.,  is  about  270 
Bilei  N.  uf  San  Franeisoo.  It  ia  16  milee  in  length,  and 
from  I  of  a  luilo  to  4  or  6  miles  wide.  It  forms  ono  of  the 
btst  harbon  on  the  ooast,  and  baa  21  feet  of  water  on  tlie 
bar.    The  entrance  is  soarooly  300  yards  wide. 

Hnmboldt  House*  Nevada.    Soo  Humboldt. 

Humboldt  Lake  (or  Sink),  of  Humboldt  co.,  in  the 
W.  central  part  of  Nevada,  near  40°  10'  N.  lat.  and  118° 
40'  W.  Ion.  Length,  near  20  miles;  greatest  breadth,  from 
8  to  10  milo9.  It  rocuivos  Humboldt  Kivor,  but  has  no  out- 
lot.  It  is  onlinarily  no  more  than  a  marshy  place,  becoming 
a  lake  in  certain  soosons. 

Humboldt  Park,  a  post-office  of  Cook  co..  III. 

Humboldt  River,  or  Mary's  River,  in  the  N.E. 
part  of  Nevada,  rises  near  the  northeast  extremity  of  the 
state,  and  flowing  first  in  a  southerly  and  then  in  a  west- 
ward course,  with  a  very  winding  channel,  again  turns 
towards  the  S.,  and  falls  into  Ilumbuldt  Lake.  Its  whole 
length  is  estimated  at  350  miles.  The  route  of  the  Central 
Pacific  Railroad  passes  along  the  valley  of  this  stream.  Its 
waters  are  alkaline  except  in  times  of  flood. 

Humboldt  River  Ittountains.    See  East  Humboldt 

MoiTSTAINS. 

Humboldt  Wells,  Nevada.     See  Wells. 

Hum'bolt,a  post-village  in  Humboldt  township.  Coles 
00.,  111.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  by  B. 
of  Mattuon.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  tile- 
factory.     Pop.  in  181)0,  270:  of  the  township,  1732. 

Uumburd,  Clark  co..  Wis.     See  Humbikd. 

Hume,  a  post-village  of  Edgar  co..  III.,  nt  the  junction 
of  two  railroads,  22  miles  E.  of  Tuscola.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  public  school,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  tile-works. 
Pop.  in  1890,  433. 

Hume,  a  post-village  of  Bates  co.,  Mo.,  6  miles  by  rail 
£.  of  Miami,  Kansas.  It  has  6  churches,  2  banks,  a  news- 
paper office,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  486. 

Hume,  a  township  of  Huron  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  92.3. 

Hume,  a  post-township  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  is 
drained  by  the  Genesee  River.  Pop.  1932.  It  contains 
villages  named  Cold  Creek  and  Wiscoy.  Hume  Post-OfBce 
is  at  Cold  Creek. 

Hume,  a  post-halnlet  of  Allen  co.,  0.,  and  a  station  on 
the  Lake  Erie  A,  Louisville  Railroad,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Lima. 
It  has  a  church. 

Humeerpoor,  or  Hamirpnr,  hum'eer-poor',  a  town 
of  India,  capital  of  Humeerpoor  district,  on  the  Jumna, 
near  the  junction  of  the  Betwa,  155  miles  S.E.  of  Agra. 

Humeerpoor,  or  Hamirpur,  a  district  of  the  North- 
West  Provinces,  British  India,  bounded  N.E.  by  the  Jumna. 
Lat.  25°  7'-26°  N.;  Ion.  79°  20'-80°  25'  E.  Area,  2289 
square  miles.  It  is  very  level  and  fertile.  Capital,  Humeer- 
poor.    Pop.  529,137. 

Hnmene,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Homonxa. 

Hume  River,  in  Australia,  flows  N.W.  from  the  Aus- 
tralian Alps  to  noar  lat.  34°  45'  S.,  Ion.  143°  E.,  where  it 
joins  the  Murrumbidgee. 

Hnmeston,  hum'es-t^n,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co., 
Iowa,  17  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Chariton.  It  has  3  churches, 
2  banks,  a  normal  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufac- 
tures of  hydrants  and  wood-turning  machinery.  Pop.  in 
1890,  642. 

Hnm^macon'na,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Iowa. 

Hum'mell's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Berks  co..  Pa. 

Hum'mell's  Wharf,  a  post-office  of  Snyder  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Susquehanna  River,  about  3  miles  below  Suiibury. 

Hummelo,  hum^m^hlo',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Qelderland,  14  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Arnhem.     Pop.  3176. 

Hum'melstown,  a  post-borough  in  Derry  township, 
Dauphin  co..  Pa.,  on  theSwatara  River,  and  on  the  Lebanon 
Valley  Railroad,  9i  miles  E.  of  Harrisburg.  It  contains  6 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  2  banks, 
granite-works,  a  cigar-box  factory,  brick-works,  a  foundry, 
terra-cotta-works,  carriage-factories,  and  a  quarry  of  brown 
sandstone  used  for  building.     Pop.  in  1890,  1486. 

Hummock  Island,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Belk. 

Humphrey,  hum'fre,  a  post-vilUge  of  Platte  co..  Neb., 
30  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Albion.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks, 
a  public  school,  a  newspaper  office,  <tc.     Pop.  in  1890,  691. 

Humphrey,  a  post-township  of  Cattaraugus  oo.,  N.Y., 
about  50  miles  S.  by  E.  of  BuflFalo.     Pop.  1071.. 

Humphreys,  htim'friz,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee, 
has  an  area  of  about  420  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  the  Tennessee  River,  here  navigable  by  steam- 
boats, and  is  intersected  by  the  Duck  River,  which  enters 
the  former  in  the  S.W.  part  of  this  county.    The  surface  is 


hilly  or  undulating,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests  of 
the  ash,  beech,  hickory,  oak,  walnut,  &o.  The  soil  is  partly 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  peanuts,  gross,  and  pork  are  the  sta* 
pie  products.  Among  its  minerals  are  iron  ore  and  sand- 
stone.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Nashville,  Chatta- 
nooga A  St.  Louis  Railroad.  Capital,  Waverly.  Pup.  in 
1870,  9326;  in  1880,  11,379;  In  1890,  11.720. 

Humphreys,  a  uost-village  of  Sullivan  oo..  Mo.,  14 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Milan.  It  bos  2  churches,  a  bank, 
and  a  public  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  327. 

Hum'phreysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co., 
N.Y.,  5  miles  E.  of  Hudson.     It  has  a  flouring-mill. 

Hump  Isle,  in  Gcolvink  Bay,  N.  coast  of  Papua. 

Humpoletz,  h5dm'po-l£ts^,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  2ft 
miles  S.  of  Czaslau.     Pop.  5050. 

Humptolips,  huniD-to'lips,  a  river  of  Washington 
Territory,  flows  in  a  S.S.W.  direction  through  Chehalis  co., 
and  enters  Gray's  Harbor  at  its  N.  extremity. 

Hums,  a  town  of  Syria.     See  Homs. 

Hun-Chun,  a  town  of  Mancbooria,  9  miles  N.  of  the 
Corean  boundary,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Hun-Chun  and 
Toomen  Rivers,  25  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  latter  in 
the  Sea  of  Japan,  in  lat.  42°  45'  N.,  Ion.  130°  20'  E.  It  is 
one  of  the  two  Chinese  towns  allowed  to  trade  with  Corea. 
It  supplies  the  Coreans  with  dogs,  cats,  horses,  asses,  mules, 
copper,  and  leather,  and  imports  kitchen-furniture,  grain, 
swine,  and  ponies.     Pop.  about  10,000. 

Hundley's  (hQnd'liz)  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Augusta 
CO.,  Va.,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Staunton. 

Hun'dred  and  Two,  a  river  of  Missouri,  rises  near 
the  N.  border  of  the  state,  and,  flowing  southward,  falls  into 
the  Platte  River  in  Buchanan  co.,  about  10  miles  S.E.  of 
St.  Joseph. 

Hundsdorf,  bSSnts'douf,  or  Hunsdorf,  hoSns'donf, 
a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Zips,  near  Kcsraark.     P.  2150, 

Ilundsfeld,  hoOnts'fdlt,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  8 
miles  N.E.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  1195. 

Ilundshiibel,  hoonts'hii-bfl,  a  village  of  Saxony,  cir- 
cle of  Zwickau.     Pop.  1371. 

Hundsriick,  hSonts'riik,  a  mountain-region  of  Ger- 
many, covering  the  S.  part  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  between 
the  rivers  Moselle  and  Nahe,  extending  also  S.  into 
Rhenish  Bavaria,  where  it  is  connected  with  the  Vosges. 
It  rises  in  some  places  to  3000  feet  above  the  sea. 

Hund's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Leavenworth  co., 
Kansas,  on  the  Kansas  Central  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of 
Leavenworth. 

Hiinerwasser,  Bohemia.    See  IIDhserwasser. 

Iliinfcid,  hiin'ffilt,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassau, 
9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Fulda.     Pop.  1634. 

Hungary, hung'g%-re  (llun.  Magyar  Orsz&g,  mSd^ySa' 
on'slg';  L.  Hnngaria  and  Utigria ;  Ger.  Utigarn,  6ong'- 
garn ;  Dutch,  tfungarije,  hung'iii-ri'^h ;  Fr.  Ilongrie, 
h6N»*gree';  It.  Ungheria,  oon-g4-ree'i ;  Sp.  tlungria  or 
Ungria,  oong-gree'i),  a  kingdom  of  Central  Europe,  form- 
ing that  part  of  the  Austro- Hungarian  monarchy  situated 
between  44°  10'  and  49°  34'  N.  lat.  and  14°  25'  and  26°  20' 
E.  Ion.  Capital,  Buda-Pesth.  Area,  108,258  square  miles. 
Pop.  (1890)15,122,514.  It  is  bounded  N.  by  the  Carpathian 
Mountains,  which  separate  it  from  Silesia  and  Galicia,  E. 
and  S.  by  Roumania,  from  which  it  is  also  separated  by  the 
Carpathians,  S.  by  Bosnia  and  Servia,  S.W.  by  Dalmatia  ard 
the  Adriatic,  and  W.  by  Carniola,  Styria,  Lower  Au.=tn4, 
and  Moravia.  From  the  fact  that  the  river  Leytha  forms  a 
part  of  its  W.  limit,  it  is  sometime.«  called  TransJeithania. 
Within  these  limits  are  comprised  Hungary  proper,  the 
united  kingdom  of  Croatia  and  Slavonia,  the  gmnd  duchy 
of  Transylvania,  the  Military  Frontier,  and  the  district  of 
Fiume.  Latterly  Transylvania  has  been  virtually  consoli- 
dated with  Hungary  proper,  but  Croatia  and  Slavonia  have 
a  diet  of  their  own,  subordinate  to  that  of  Hungary,  in 
which,  however,  they  are  represented.  Hungary  proper  ia 
bounded  N.  by  Silesia  and  Galicia;  S.  by  Croatia,  Slavonia, 
and  the  Danube,  separating  it  from  Turkey ;  W.  by  Moravia, 
Lower  Austria,  and  Styria;  and  E.  by  Transylvania  and 
Bukowina.  Area,  87,045  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1890,  ex- 
clusive of  Transylvania,  about  13,500,000.  Including' 
Transylvania,  but  excluding  Croatia  and  Slavonia  and  the 
military  confines,  it  is  divided  into  65  counties. 

The  Carpathians  form  a  natural  boundary  on  the  N.  and 
E.  of  Hungary,  and  their  ramifications  render  this  part  of 
the  country  a  mountainous  region.  They  have  different 
names  in  the  numerous  counties  which  they  traverse.  Tho 
most  important  for  their  metals  are  the  mountains  of 
Barsch,  Honth,  Sohl,  Liptau,  Gomor,  and  Zips.  In  the  W, 
beyond  the  Danube,  the  country  is  traversed  by  spurs  of 
the  Alps  of  Styria,  to  which  belong  the  Bakony-Wald  and 


HD^ 


1437 


HU^ 


the  Vertes  Mountains.  These  different  mountains  enclose 
two  great  plains,  the  smaller  of  which,  about  4200  square 
miles  in  extent.,  is  in  the  W.,  between  the  offsets  of  the 
Alps  and  Carpathians,  and  the  other  in  the  centre,  with  an 
area  of  about  21,000  square  miles,  traversed  by  the  Danube 
and  the  Theiss,  at  an  elevation  of  from  300  to  400  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea.  This  region  is  so  flat  that  the 
rivers  have  a  very  sluggish  course,  and  a  great  part  of  the 
gurface  is  covered  with  marshes  and  sand-downs.  The 
rivers  of  Hungary  belong  to  the  basins  of  the  Danube  and 
the  Theiss,  and  have  generally  a  S.  course ;  only  one,  the 
Poprad,  having  a  N.  direction,  and  flowing  to  the  Vistula. 
The  principal  river  is  the  Danube,  which  enters  Hungary 
on  the  W.  at  Presburg,  flows  S.E.  and  E.  100  miles  to  Wait- 
gen,  then  S.  180  miles  to  Vukovar,  and  again  generally  E. 
190  miles  to  Orsova,  where  it  enters  Wallachia.  Its  prin- 
cipal affluents  in  Hungary  are,  on  the  right,  the  Leytha, 
which  divides  this  province  from  Lower  Austria,  the  Raab, 
Sarviz,  and  Drave,  which  last  forms  the  S.  boundary,  W, 
of  the  Danube ;  left,  the  March  (on  the  W.  border),  Waag, 
Noutra,  Gran,  Theiss,  which  has  a  S.  course  of  nearly  400 
miles,  and  numerous  large  tributaries,  and  the  Temes ;  the 
larger  afiluents   of  the  Theiss,  which  for  200  miles  flows 

Parallel  to  the  Danube,  at  about  60  miles'  distance,  are  the 
apolz  and  Hernad  on  the  right,  and  the  Szamos,  Black  and 
White  Korcis,  and  Maros  on  the  loft.  The  principal  lakes 
are  on  either  side  of  the  Bakony-Wald,  and  are  the  Platten- 
See,  or  Lake  Balaton,  area  382  square  miles,  and  the 
Neusiedler-Sec,  impregnated  with  salt  and  soda,  between  the 
counties  of  Wieselburg  and  Oedenburg,  which  has  an  area 
of  126  square  miles.  The  whole  extent  of  marsh  in  Hun- 
gary is  reckoned  at  1932  square  miles.  The  largest  canals 
are  the  Franzens  Canal,  connecting  the  Danube  and  the 
Theiss,  and  the  Bega  Canal,  in  the  Banat,  which  also  joins 
the  Danube.  The  climate  varies  exceedingly  :  in  the  moun- 
tainous districts  it  is  cold  and  severe,  while  in  the  S.  it  is 
60  genial  that  the  vine,  chestnut,  fig,  and  other  southern  fruits 
arc  grown.  Occasionally,  as  in  1863,  it  suffers  greatly  from 
drought.  It  is  in  general  healthy,  except  in  the  marshy 
districts.  Hungary  imports  large  quantities  of  iron  for 
railway  purposes ;  agricultural  implements  are  also  im- 
ported in  large  numbers.  The  principal  exports  are  to- 
bacco, wool,  corn,  flour,  and  wine.  The  chief  mineral 
products  are  gold,  silver,  copper,  cobalt,  salt,  alum,  and 
coal.  The  gold-washings  of  several  of  the  rivers  are  im- 
portant. Copper  is  abundant,  and  iron  widely  distributed. 
Opals  are  found  in  the  county  of  Saros.  Coal  and  turf  both 
oeour,  the  latter  most  widely  distributed,  but  coal  is  little 
worked.  Mineral  springs  are  numerous,  and  many  of 
them  celebrated  for  their  medicinal  qualities.  Soda  lakes 
are  scattered  over  both  the  Hungarian  plains,  and  nitre 
exists  in  vast  quantities.  The  country  is  generally  fertile 
in  grain,  which  is  exported  to  a  considerable  extent.  Chief 
crops,  rye,  barley,  oats,  maize,  millet,  buckwheat,  and  rice. 
The  level  regions  of  the  counties  of  Bdcs  and  Temesvar 
possess  the  richest  soil.  The  mountains  are  covered  with 
dense  forests.  The  cultivation  of  the  vine  is  carried  to 
great  perfection.  Next  to  France,  Hungary  produces  the 
greatest  quantity  of  wine  of  any  country  in  Europe,  and 
the  quality  of  several  of  its  vintages,  especially  that  of 
Tokay,  is  unrivalled.  Tobacco  is  an  important  product, 
great  part  of  which  is  exported.  Domestic  animals  com- 
prise horses,  horned  cattle,  buffaloes,  sheep,  and  swine. 
The  rich  pastures  of  Hungary  produce  some  of  the  finest 
cattle  in  Europe.  Great  improvements  have  recently  been 
made  in  the  breed  of  sheep.  Swine  are  reared  in  the  forests 
in  vast  herds.  Wild  and  domestic  fowls  are  abundant,  and 
bees  are  extensively  reared.  Fish  are  plentiful  in  the 
rivers  and  lakes,  and  the  Theiss  is  reckoned  the  richest  in 
fish  of  any  river  in  Europe.  The  chief  occupations  are 
agriculture,  cattle- rearing,  and  mining.  Manufactures  are 
relatively  unimportant,  comprising  woollens,  linens,  silks, 
leather,  paper,  tobacco,  beer,  and  iron-ware.  Placed  be- 
tween rich  pastoral  countries  on  the  E.  and  manufacturing 
districts  on  the  W.,  Hungary  is  well  situated  for  trade. 
From  500  to  1000  vessels  are  engaged  on  the  Danube  to 
Vienna,  exchanging  grain  and  other  raw  materials  for 
merchandise.  The  constitution  of  Hungary  vests  its  legis- 
lative power,  conjointly  with  the  king,  who  is  also  the  Em- 
peror of  Austria,  in  a  diet  of  two  houses;  the  first,  that  of 
Magnates,  comprising  731  noblemen  and  dignitaries,  and 
the  second,  the  House  of  Deputies,  numbering  444  delegates 
of  town  and  country  districts,  including  35  representatives 
of  Croatia  and  Slavonia.  The  union  with  Austria  is  formed, 
besides  in  the  person  of  the  mon.arch,  by  a  body  known  as 
the  Delegations,  numbering  120  members,  each  portion  of 
the  Austro-Uungarian  empire  returning  one-half. 


Hungary  is  peopled  by  numerous  distinct  races,  speaking 
different  languages  ;  the  chief  are  Hungarians  or  Magyars, 
to  whom  the  Szeklers  are  kindred,  Slavonians,  Gypsies, 
Jazyges,  Germans,  and  AVallachians.  The  Magyars  are  of 
Asiatic  origin,  and  many  of  them  are  Protestants.  Their 
language  has  recently  been  substituted  for  Latin  in  official 
correspondence.  The  Slavic  races  include  the  Slovacks, 
Croats,  Russniaks,  Servians,  Bulgarians,  <tc.  The  Walla- 
chians  have  also  their  peculiar  language.  The  Germans, 
who  for  eight  centuries  have  been  spread  over  the  country, 
have  in  many  places  lost  their  language  and  nationality. 
Besides  these  principal  nations,  there  are  many  Greeks,  Ar- 
menians, and  Jews.  The  greatest  number  of  the  inhabit- 
ants are  Roman  Catholics,  and  next  to  these  communicants 
of  the  Greek  Church,  Calvinists,  Lutherans,  and  Jews. 
The  chief  educational  establishments  are  the  universities  at 
Pesth  and  Klausenburg,  schools  of  philosophy,  gymnasia, 
Latin,  and  numerous  normal  schools.  Education  is  in  a 
backward  state,  although  the  higher  classes  are  well  edu- 
cated and  generally  familiiir  with  foreign  languages.  The 
first  inhabitants  of  Hungary  mentioned  in  history  were  the 
Pannonians.  The  Magyars  conquered  it  in  the  ninth  cen- 
tury. Their  followers  embraced  Christianity.  Stephen, 
the  last  duke,  assumed  the  title  of  king  a.d.  1000,  and 
added  Transylvania  to  his  dominions.  Ferdinand  I.  of 
Austria  was  the  first  prince  of  Hapsburg  who  reigned  in 
Hungary,  being  elected  by  the  diet  in  1526,  and  the  suc- 
cession fixed  in  the  Imperial  house  in  1687.  Since  the  ter- 
mination of  the  civil  wars  in  1711,  Austria  has  possessed 
the  country ;  but,  as  the  union  was  voluntary  on  the  part 
of  Hungary,  it  was  never  in  reality  a  dependency  of  Aus- 
tria, the  two  countries  being  united  by  having  a  common 
sovereign,  and  the  power  of  the  king  controlled  by  the 
Hungarian  Diet;  but  recent  disputes  have  brought  about  a 
change  of  relations  between  the  two  countries.  The  insurrec- 
tion of  1848  was  suppressed,  the  predominant  power  of  the 
Magyars  destroyed,  and  the  rival  nations  who  helped  to 
secure  the  victory  to  Austria  rewarded.  This  led,  in  1850, 
to  a  dismemberment  of  the  ancient  kingdom,  and  the  or- 
ganization of  new  territorial  divisions ;  but  the  constitution 
of  Hungary,  national  parliaments,  trial  by  jury,  Ac,  were 
restored  in  1867,  since  which  year  Hungary  has  come  to 
form,  in  conjunction  with  Austria,  a  bipartite  state,  called 
Austria-Hungary,  or  The  Austro-Hungarian  Empire.  See 
Croatia,  Slavonia,  and  Tuansvlvania. 

Hun'gary,  a  station  on  the  Richmond  &  Fredericksburg 
Railroad,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Richmond,  Va. 

Hungen,  hoong'^n,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Hesse,  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Giessen,  on  the  Horloff.     Pop.  1223. 

Hungerford,  hiing'gh?r-ford,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
of  Wilts,  on  the  Kennet,  and  on  the  Kennet  &  Avon  Canal, 
26  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Reading.     Pop.  2309. 

Hungerford,  hiing'gh^r-fprd,  a  post-hamlet  of  Neway- 
go CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Michigan  Lake  Shore  Rail- 
road (Big  Rapids  Branch),  7  miles  S.W.  of  Big  Rapids.  It 
has  2  large  lumber-mills  and  about  20  houses. 

Hungerford  Mills,  Ontario.    See  Tweed. 

Huningue,  hii^nds"'  (Ger.  H'dningen,  hii'ning-§n),  a 
town  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Rhire, 
2  miles  N.AV.  of  Basel.  Pop.  2210.  It  has  a  noted  fish 
breeding  establishment. 

Hunkin,  hoon-keen',  a  town  of  Corea,  on  its  E.  coast. 
Lat.  39°  53'  N.;  Ion., 127°  30'  E. 

Hun'lock  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  North  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on 
the  Lackawanna  <fc  Bloomsburg  Railroad,  10  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Wilkesbarre.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Hiinnerwasser,  Bohemia.    See  Ht'HNEinvASSEn. 

Hun'neweil,  a  post-village  of  Greenup  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Eastern  Kentucky  Railroad,  10  miles  N.K.  of  Grayson. 
It  has  a  church,  an  iron-furnace,  and  a  machine-shop. 

Huunewell,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Hannibal  &,  St.  Joseph  Railroad,  37  miles  W.  of  Hannibal. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  culti- 
vator-factory.    Pop.  in  1890,  427. 

Hunnewell's  Point,  post-office,  Sagadahoc  co..  Me. 

Hun'saker,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tulare  co.,  Cal.,  about  1 5 
miles  S.E.  of  Visalia.  It  commands  a  grand  view  of  the 
Sierra  Nevada. 

Hunsdorf,  a  village  of  Hungary.    See  HuNDsnoriF. 

Hunse,  hiin's^h  (anc-.  Unsin'yis),  a  river  of  the  Nether- 
lands, provinces  of  Drenthe  and  Groningen,  enters  the 
Lauwer  Zee  after  a  N.W.  course  of  50  miles. 

Huns'let,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West  Riding, 
separated  from  Leeds  (of  which  it  is  a  suburb)  by  the  river 
Aire.  It  has  important  woollen  manufactures,  chemical 
works,  potteries,  find  glass-works.     Pop.  37,289. 


HUN 


1438 


nuN 


If  ons'lOtt,  ft  rtatlon  In  Ilonrioo  co.,  Va.,  on  tho  Choaa- 
Mttk*  A  Ohio  Kailroail.  6  luilos  N.  of  Richmond. 

Ilan'tuoker's  Store»  a  post-offlo«  of  Montgomery 
00.,  N.C. 

Hunt,  ft  county  in  tho  N.E.  part  of  To.xsxs,  has  an  area 
of  about  850  nquaro  miles.  It  i>  drained  by  the  Sabine 
River,  two  forks  of  which  rise  In  this  county  and  unite  in 
the  S.  part  of  it.  The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly,  and  is 
Uirerflinod  with  fertile  prairies  and  forests.  Cattle,  cotton, 
Indian  com,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prodacta.  Capital,  Orocn- 
vlllo.  This  county  Is  intersected  by  the  Missouri,  Kansas, 
A  Texas  Railroad,  and  other  railroads.  Pop.  in  1870, 
10,291  ;  in  1880.  17,230;  in  1890,  .31,885. 

lliinto,  hcan't^h,  a  river  of  Germany,  in  Hanover  and 
Oldcnburj;,  rises  in  the  marshes  of  OsnabrUck,  flows  tortu- 
ously northward,  and,  after  a  course  of  90  miles,  joins  the 
Weeer  17  miles  N.W.  of  Bremen.    Chief  affluent,  the  Aire. 

Hunt'er,  a  station  id  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  on  tho  Now 
Orleans  A  Selma  Railroad,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Solma. 

Hunter,  a  post-office  of  Boone  co.,  111.,  8  miles  from 
Boloit,  Wis. 

Hunter,  a  township  of  Edgar  co.,  111.     Pop.  1029. 

Hunter,  a  post-village  of  Vigo  co.,  Ind.,  is  at  Milton 
Station,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Terro  Haute.    Coal  is  mined  here. 

Hunter,  a  raining-camp  of  White  Pine  co.,  Nevada, 
with  a  smelting-furnace  for  lead. 

Hunter,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Hunter 
township,  on  Schoharie  Creek,  about  40  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Albany.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  nowspnper 
office,  and  manufactures  of  furniture,  Ac.  Pop.  in  1890, 
699.  It  is  visited  by  numerous  tourists  in  summer.  The 
township  comprises  peaks  of  tho  Catskill  Mountains,  named 
Round  Top,  High  Peak,  and  Pine  Orchard.     Pop.  2436. 

Hunter,  a  post-hamlet  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  about  20 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Bellaire.     It  has  a  church. 

Hunter,  a  station  in  Forest  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pittsburg, 
Titusville  A  Buffalo  Railroad,  3  miles  S.AV.  of  Tionesta. 

Hunter,  a  station  in  Northumberland  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Mahanoy  A  Shamokin  Branch  of  the  Reading  Railroad,  9 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Herndon.     Hero  is  Raker  Post-Office. 

Hunter,  a  station  in  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Mon- 
trose Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Montrose. 

Hunter,  a  township  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  2557. 

Hun'terdon,  a  county  of  New  Jersey,  bordering  on 
Pennsylvania,  has  an  area  of  about  434  square  miles.  It  Is 
bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Musconetcong  Creek,  and  on 
the  S.W.  by  the  Delaware  River.  It  Is  also  drained  by  the 
Lamlngton  Uiver  and  the  South  Branch  of  the  Raritan. 
Tho  surface  is  hilly  or  nioiintalnuus,  tho  Musconetcong 
Mountain  lying  in  the  N.W.  portion  of  the  county ;  the 
soil  Is  mostly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  wheat,  hay,  butter, 
and  flax  are  the  staple  products.  It  has  quarries  of  lime- 
stone and  freestone.  It  is  intersected  by  3  railroads, — the 
Pennsylvania,  the  Lehigh  Viiliey,  and  tho  New  Jersey 
Central,  all  of  which  communicate  with  Flemlngton,  the 
capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  36,963  ;  in  1S80,  38,570 ; 
in  IS'JO,  35,355. 

Hunter  Island,  an  island  of  tho  Pacific  Ocean,  E.  of 
New  Caledonia.     Lat.  22°  30'  S. ;  Ion.  171°  45'  E. 

Hunter  Island,  in  Micronesia,  Radack  chain.  Lat.  5° 
42'  N.;  Ion.  169°  6'  E. 

Hunter  Islands,  a  group  in  Hunter  Channel,  a  por- 
tion of  Bass's  Strait,  between  Australia  and  Tasmania,  com- 
prising Barren,  Three  Hummocks,  Albatross,  and  some 
•mailer  islands. 

Hunter  Kiver,  in  Australia,  New  South  Wales,  flows 
tortuously  S.  and  E.  300  miles,  and  enters  the  ocean  at  New- 
castle.    It  traverses  a  fine  coal-region. 

Ilunt'cr's,  a  township  of  Tehama  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  40. 

Hunter's,  a  station  in  Illinois,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Van- 
dalia  A  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Hunters  Blu(f,  a  post-office  of  Meigs  co.,  Tcnn. 

Hunter's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  Detroit  A  Bay  City  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Lapeer. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Hunter's  Depot, a  post-hamlet  of  Nelson  co.,  Ky.,  on 
tho  Bardstown  Branch  of  the  Louisville  A  Nashville  Rail- 
road, about  3  miles  N.AV.  of  Bardstown.  It  has  2  churches 
and  2  distilleries  of  whisky. 

Hunter's  (Jap,  a  post-office  of  Lee  co.,  Va. 

Hunters  Ilall,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Va. 

Hunter's  Hill,  township,  Gates  co..  N.C.     Pop.  1461. 

Hunter's  Hot  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Gallatin  co., 
Montana. 

Hunter's  Island,  a  large  island  of  Canada,  in  Keo- 
watin,  bounded  S.  by  Minnesota,  and  surrounded  by  navi- 
gable lakes  and  streams,  tributaries  of  Rainy  River. 


Hunter's  Island,  or  Onacusa,  o-nil-koo'si,  na 
islftnd  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  N.W.  of  the  Fecjee  group.  Lat. 
15°  31'  S.:  Ion.  1715°  11'  E. 

Hunter's  Land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y, 
about  30  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Albany.     It  has  2  ehurchen. 

Hunter's  Lodge,  a  post-office  of  Fluvanna  oo.,  Va., 
10  miles  S.  of  Cobhara  Station. 

Hunter's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Falrfnx  co.,  Va.,  on 
tho  Washington  A  Ohio  llailroad,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Wash- 
ington.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Hunter's  Point,  a  village  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
East  River,  forming  tho  principal  nucleus  of  Long  lelund 
City.  It  is  separated  from  Brooklyn  by  Newtown  Creek, 
and  is  the  prlncmal  western  terminus  of  the  Long  iDlnnd 
Railroad  and  of  the  Flushing  A  North  Side  Railroad.  It 
hivs  16  churches,  a  savings-bank,  and  manufactures  of  glass, 
furniture,  chemicals,  varnish,  Ac. 

Hunter's  Range,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  oo..  Pa.,  about 
40  miles  N.  of  Eivston.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Hunters  Retreat',  post-office,  Montgomery  co.,  Te.i. 

Hunters  Run,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  oo..  Pa., 
on  the  South  Mountain  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Pin«> 
Grove. 

Hunter's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Taylor  co.,  Tex. 

Hunt'erstown,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co..  Pa.,  In 
Strabane  township,  about  5  miles  N.E.  of  Gettysburg.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  chair-factory,  3  stores,  and  about  50 
houses.     Pop.  200. 

Hunt'erstOAVn,  a  post-village  in  Masklnonge  co..  Que. 
bee,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Rlvliire  du  Loup  en  haul.  It  COU'- 
tains  several  large  saw-mills.     Pop.  300. 

Hunt'ersvillc,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  Ky.,  S 
miles  S.  of  Albany.     It  has  a  church. 

Huntersville,a  post-hamlctof  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.C, 
on  the  Atlantic,  Tennessee  A  Ohio  Railroad,  16  miles  N.  of 
Charlotte.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  and  manufacture! 
of  sash,  doors,  Ac. 

Huntersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hardin  co.,  0.,  about 
20  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Lima. 

Huntersville,  a  village  in  Spring  Creek  township, 
Miami  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  A  Dayton  Rail- 
road, and  on  the  Miami  River,  opposite  Piqua.  It  has 
manufactories  of  furniture  and  cigars.     Pop.  233. 

Huntei^ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa., 
about  14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Willlamsport. 

Huntersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C, 
14  miles  S.  of  Greer's  Depot.     It  has  a  church. 

Huntersville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pocahontas 
CO.,  W.  Va.,  near  the  W.  base  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains, 
about  90  miles  E.  of  Charleston.     It  has  a  church. 

Hunt'crtown,  a  post-village  in  Perry  township.  Alien 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Grand  Rapids  A  Indiana  Railroad,  1 1  miles 
N.  of  Fort  Wayne,  and  1  mile  W.  of  Huntcrtown  Station 
on  the  Fort  Wayne,  Jackson  A  Saginaw  Railroad.  It  ha» 
2  churches,  an  academy,  nnd  a  creamery.     Pop.  about  300. 

Hiint'ingburg,  a  post-village  of  Dubois  co.,  Ind..  6 
miles  S.  of  Jasper,  and  about  44  miles  E  N.E.  of  Evans- 
vllle.  It  has  7  churches,  a  bunk,  public  schools,  4  news- 
paper offices,  2  brick-works,  a  machine-shop  and  foundry, 
a  pottery,  railroad  repair-shops,  2  planing-mllls,  and  2 
flour-mills.     Pop.  in  18U0,  3167. 

Hunting  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C 

Hunt'ingdale,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co..  Mo.,  aboul 
38  mile?  S.W.  of  Sedalia.  It  has  a  church,  a  drug-store, 
and  a  stoneware-factory. 

Huntingdon,  Hunts,  or  Huntingdonshire, 
hunt'ing-dgn-shir,  an  inland  county  of  England,  having  W. 
and  N.  the  county  of  Northampton.  Area,  359  square 
miles.  Surface  in  the  W.,  S.,  and  central  parts  gently 
varied;  in  the  E.  and  N.E.  flat,  forming  part  of  the  great 
level  of  tho  Fens.  Chief  rivers,  the  Ouse  and  None.  Agri- 
culture is  In  an  advanced  state.  Horses  are  extensively 
bred.  Chief  towns,  Huntingdon,  Klmbolton,  St.  Ives,  and 
St.  Neots.  The  county  returns  two  members  to  the  House  of 
Commons.  It  formed  a  part  of  the  British  kingdom  of  the 
Iceni,  and  of  the  Saxon  Mcrcia.     Pop.  in  1891,  57,772. 

Huntingdon,  a  borough  of  England,  capital  of  Hunt, 
ingdon  co.,  on  tho  N.  bank  of  tho  Ouse,  hero  crossed  by 
bridges,  connecting  It  with  Godmanchester,  17  miles  N.W. 
of  Cambridge,  at  a  railway  junction.  The  town  has  2 
ancient  churches,  a  free  grammar-school,  a  green-coat 
school,  a  town  hall,  with  assembly-room,  a  hospital,  county 
jail,  theatre,  baths,  breweries,  and  considerable  trade  by  the 
Ouse.  It  sends  a  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Oliver 
Cromwell  w.as  born  in  Huntingdon,  in  1599.     Pop.  4243. 

Hunt'ingdon,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Penn- 
sylvania, has  an  area  of  about  890  square  miles.     It  is  in* 


HUI? 


1439 


HUN 


tersected  by  the  Juniata  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the 
Raystown  Branch  of  the  same  and  the  Little  Juniata.  The 
surface  is  diversified  with  several  mountain-ridges  and  val- 
leys, which  present  beautiful  scenery,  and  a  largo  part  of  it 
is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products. 
Silurian  limestone  underlies  part  of  the  soil.  Rich  mines 
of  bituminous  coal  have  been  opened  in  Broad  Top  Moun- 
tain, in  tho  S.W.  part  of  this  county,  which  has  also  mines 
of  iron  ore.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road, and  the  Huntingdon  &  Broad  Top  Railroad  terminates 
at  Huntingdon,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  31,251 ;  in  18S0, 
33,954;  in  1890,  35,751. 

Huntingdon,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Huntingdon 
CO.,  Pa.,  is  beautifully  situated  on  the  Juniata  River  and 
on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  34  miles  E.  of  Altoona.  It 
is  98  miles  by  railroad,  but  only  60  miles  by  direct  line, 
W.N.W.  of  Harrisburg.  It  is  surrounded  by  picturesque 
mountiiin-scenery,  and  contains  12  churches,  an  academy, 
a  public  school,  3  banks,  4  newspaper  offices,  car-works,  a 
chair-factory,  a  broom-factory,  sewer-pipe-works,  2  steam 
tanneries,  2  flouring-mills,  2  plaiiing-mills,  a  shoe-factory, 
and  a  brick  yard.  The  Huntingdon  &  Broad  Top  Railroad 
extends  from  this  place  to  Cumberland,  Md.  Pop.  in  1880, 
4125;  in  1890,  5729. 

Huntingdon,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Carroll  cc, 
Tenn.,  is  near  Huntingdon  Station  on  the  Nashville  <t 
Northwestern  Railroiid,  which  is  107  miles  W.  by  S.  of 
Nnshville.  It  has  a  court-house,  5  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  2  banks,  woollen-mills,  the  Southern  Normal  Univer- 
sity, and  a  stave-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  707. 

Ilunt'ingdon,  a  county  of  Quebec,  bounded  on  the  S. 
by  the  state  of  New  York,  and  on  the  N.W.  by  the  river 
St.  Lawrence.  It  is  drained  by  the  Chateauguay  River  and 
other  streams,  and  traversed  at  its  eastern  extremity  by  the 
Grand  Trunk  Railway  (Province  Line  division).  Area,  236 
square  miles.     Capital,  Huntingdon.     Pop.  8864. 

Huntingdon,  the  chief  town  of  Huntingdon  co.,  Que- 
bec, is  in  a  fine  farming-country  settled  by  English-speak- 
ing people,  33  miles  S.W.  of  Caughnawaga.  It  contains 
saw-,  grist-,  shingle-,  carding-,  and  planing-mills,  a  foundry, 
an  agricultural-implement-factory,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
about  20  stores.     Pop.  763. 

Huntingdonshire,  England.    See  Huntinqdo!!. 

Huntingdon  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  Pa.,  12  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a 
church,  an  Odd-Fellows'  hall,  and  2  flour-mills. 

Hunting  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md., 
about  2  miles  (direct)  S.  by  W.  of  Rockville,  the  capital  of 
the  county.     It  has  3  general  stores. 

Hunt'ington,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Indiana, 
has  an  area  of  380  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Wabash  and  Salamonie  Rivers,  and  is  also  drained  by  Little 
River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  more  than  one- 
third  of  it  is  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  sugar-maple 
abounds.  The  soil  is  deep  and  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
hay,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  stnple  products.  This  county 
is  traversed  by  the  Wabash  Railroad,  the  Erie  Railroad, 
and  the  Toledo,  St.  Louis  &  Kansas  City  Railroad.  Capi- 
tal, Huntington.  Pop.  in  1870,  19,036;  in  1880,  2],805; 
in  1890,  27,644. 

Huntington,  a  post-villago  of  Sebastian  co..  Ark.,  2 
miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Mansfield.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
bank,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  893. 

Huntington,  a  post-township  of  Fairfield  co..  Conn., 
is  bounded  on  the  E.  and  N.E.  by  the  llousatonic  River. 
It  contains  a  post-hamlet  named  Huntington,  which  is  13 
miles  W.  of  New  Haven,  and  a  hamlet  named  Shelton.  It 
has  2  paper-mills,  and  manufactures  of  silverware,  brackets, 
carriage-joints,  hooks  and  eyes,  Ac.     Pop.  1 527. 

Huntington,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Huntington  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  Little  River,  1  or  2  miles  from  its  entrance 
into  the  Wabash,  48  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Logansport,  and  24 
miles  S.W.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  is  in  Huntington  township, 
on  the  Wabash  and  Erie  Railroads.  It  contains  10  churches, 
3  banks,  a  free  public  library,  and  2  newspaper  ofiices.  It 
has  e.\tensive  water-power,  railroad  repiiir-shops,  quarries  of 
limestone,  and  manufactures  of  staves,  spokes,  lime,  pumps, 
and  stirrups.     Pop.  in  1890,  7328;  of  the  township,  9319. 

Huntington,  a  post-village  of  Hampshire  co.,  Mass., 
in  Huntington  township,  on  the  Westfield  River,  and  on 
the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad,  21  miles  N.W.  of  Spring- 
field. It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  ofiice,  woollen-mills, 
and  paper-mills.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1385. 

Huntington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ralls  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri,  Kansas  &  Te.\as  Railroad,  15  milqa  W.  of  Han- 
nibaU  -^  <^-'«  •--=■■  ■  •-  .>-iiu_a,j  ii.. 


Huntington,  a  post-office  of  Elko  co.,  Nevada,  48  miles 
S.  of  Elko. 

Huntington,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  is  in 
Huntington  township,  and  on  an  inlet  of  Long  Island 
Sound,  called  Huntington  Bay.  It  is  about  38  miles  E.  of 
New  York,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  the  Long  Island 
Railroad.  It  has  8  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices, 
a  public  hall,  a  union  school,  a  pottery,  a  thimble-factory, 
and  a  windmill.  Pop.  in  1890,  3028.  The  township,  which 
is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  contains  other 
villages,  named  Cold  Springs  and  Northport,  and  a  total 
pop.  of  8277. 

Huntington,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio 
River.     Pop.  2967.     It  contains  Aberdeen. 

Huntington,  a  township  of  Gallia  co.,  0.  Pop,  1651. 
It  contain  Ewington  and  Vinton. 

Huntington,  a  post-hamlet  in  Huntington  township, 
Lorain  co.,  0.,  about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Cleveland,  and  14 
miles  S.  of  Oberlin.  The  township  contains  3  churches  and 
a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  of  the  township,  688. 

Huntington,  a  post-village  of  Baker  co.,  Oregon,  47 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Baker  City.  It  has  a  church,  a 
public  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  321. 

Huntington,  a  township  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
1557.     It  contains  New  Columbus. 

Huntington,  a  post-village  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C.,  15 
miles  (direct)  E.N.E.  of  Laurens  Court  House. 

Huntington,  a  post-hamlet  in  Huntington  township, 
Chittenden  co.,  Vt.,  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Burlington.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  lumber-mill.  The  Camel's  Hump  is 
on  the  E.  border  of  the  township.     Pop.  of  township,  723. 

Huntington,  a  post-town  and  railroad  terminus,  the 
capital  of  Cabell  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  just  below 
the  mouth  of  the  Guyandotte  River,  and  18  miles  above 
Ironton.  It  is  52  miles  W.  of  Charleston.  It  contains 
Marshall  College,  a  state  normal  school,  12  churches,  3 
banks,  public  schools,  3  or  4  newspaper  offices,  3  planing- 
mills,  a  foundry,  and  manufactures  of  car-wheels,  lumber, 
and  cigars.     Pop.  in  1890,  10,108. 

Huntington  Bay,  a  small  arm  of  Long  Island  Sound, 
about  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  New  York  City. 

Huntington  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chittenden  co., 
Vt.,  in  Huntington  township,  about  24  miles  W.  by  N.  of 
Montpelier.     It  has  a  church. 

Huntington  City,  Maryland,    See  Bowie. 

Huntington  Mines,  Quebec.    See  Dillox. 

Hunt'ingtoAvn,  a  post-village  of  Calvert  co.,  Md.,  57 
miles  S.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  3  stores  and  2  churches. 

Hunt'ingville,  a  post-village  in  Compton  co.,  Quebec, 
2  miles  from  Lennoxville.     Pop.  100. 

Huntley,  Illinois.    See  Huntley  Grove, 

Huntley,  a  post-office  of  Custer  co.,  Montana. 

Huntley,  a  post-office  of  Sampson  co..  N.C. 

Huntley  Grove  (Po.^t  Office  Huntley),  a  post-village 
of  McHenry  co..  III.,  on  the  Chicago  and  Northwestern 
Railroad.  55  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  flouring-mill,  and  a  flax-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  550. 

Hunt'ly,  a  town  of  Scotland,  at  the  confluence  of  tho 
Bogie  and  Deveron,  co.  and  34  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Aber- 
deen. It  has  2  bridges,  a  large  market-place,  several 
churches,  3  branch  banks,  some  linen-blcaching-works,  and 
considerable  exports  of  agricultural  produce.     Pop.  3750. 

HunHoon',  a  station  in  Pickaway  co.,  0.,  on  the  Scioto 
Valley  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Circleville. 

Hunts,  a  county  of  England.    See  Huntingdon. 

Hunt's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y,,  in  Por- , 
tage  township,  on  tho  Erie  Railroad,  17  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Warsaw.     It  has  1  or  2  churches. 

Hunts'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Geauga  co.,  0.,  iu 
Huntsburg  township,  3  miles  from  East  Claridon  Station, 
and  about  38  miles  E.  of  Cleveland.  It  has  2  or  3  churche* 
Pop.  of  the  township,  824, 

Hunts  City,  a  post-office  of  Jasper  co.,  Ill, 

Hunt's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cortland  co.,  N.J:., 
in  Lapeer  township,  6  miles  W.  of  Marathon.  It  has  a 
church  and  manufactures  of  leather  and  cheese. 

Hunt's  Grove,  a  station  of  the  Indianapolis,  Cincin- 
nati &  Lafayette  Railroad,  20  miles  AV,  of  Cincinnati,  0, 

Hunt's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  6 
miles  S.AV.  of  Newton.     It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  &o. 

Hunt's  Mills,  Providence  co.,  R.I.    See  Omega. 

Hunt's  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  of  the  Sangre  de 
Cristo  Range,  in  the  S.  part  of  the  state.  It  has  an  eleva 
tion  of  12,446  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Hunt's  Point,  a  station  within  the  limits  of  New 
York  City,  on  the  New  Rochelle  Branch  of  tho  Now  York 
&  New  Haven  Railroad,  3  miles  from  Harlem  River  Station  ' 


HUN 


1440 


HUR 


Hunt*!  Point,  a  hnmlet  la  Queeni  oo.,  Nora  Sootia, 
on  th«  M».ooast,  8  mllea  from  Liverpool.     Pop.  300. 

Hunt**  Station,  Jospor  oo.,  III.    See  Fauioutb. 

Hunt's  Station,  a  poH-offloe  of  Knox  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad  (Lake  Erie  division),  6  miles  S. 
of  Mount  Vernon. 

Hunt's  Station,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  oo.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Winobostor  A  Alabama  lUilroad,  12  miles  B.V^. 
of  \7inoheater.     It  has  several  stores. 

Hunts'ville,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Madison  oo.,  Ala., 
on  the  Memphis  A  Charleston  lUilroad,  212  miles  E.  by  S. 
of  Memphis,  98  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chattanooga,  Tonn.,  and 
about  2U0  miles  N.  oi' Montgomery.  It  contains  l.'l  churches, 
3  banks,  public  schools,  a  male  academy,  the  Iluntsville 
Female  College,  a  court-house,  a  foundry,  a  saw-mill,  cotton- 
mills,  and  2  manufactories  of  sash  and  blinds.  Four  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.  This  is  the  most  populous 
and  important  town  of  Northern  Alabama.  Pop.  in  1890, 
7795. 

Huntsville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Madison  co.,  Ark., 
about  140  miles  N.  W.  of  Little  Rock.  It  has  5  churches,  a 
bank,  a  high  school,  and  2  newspaper  ofiSces.  Pup.  in  1890, 
362. 

Huntsville,  a  village  of  Douglas  co..  Col.,  43  miles  S. 
of  Denver,  and  1  mile  from  Larkspur  Station. 

Huntsville,  a  post-village  of  Litchfield  co.,  Conn.,  in 
Canaan  township,  about  37  miles  W.N.W.  of  Hartford.  It 
has  public  schools,  a  flour-mill,  and  2  saw-mills. 

Huntsville,  a  post-village  of  Schuyler  co..  111.,  in 
Iluntsville  township,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Augusta,  and  about  36 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Quincy.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  brooms  and 
furniture.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1228. 

Huntsville,  a  village  of  Madison  co.,  Ind.,  on  Fall 
Croek,  about  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Indianapolis,  and  i  mile 
from  Pendleton  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded 
school,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Huntsville,  a  hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind.,  in  West 
River  township,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Winchester.  It  has  a 
church,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  8  stores.  Pop.  130. 
Here  is  Trenton  Post-Office. 

Iluntsville,  a  post-office  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas. 

Iluntsville,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Ky. 

Iluntsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  oo..  Miss., 
21  miles  S.E.  of  Winona.     It  has  a  church. 

Hnntsville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Randolph  co.. 
Mo.,  is  near  the  East  Chariton  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis, 
Kansas  City  &  Northern  Railroad,  7  miles  W.N.'W.  of  Mo- 
berly,  and  about  22  miles  S.  of  Macon  City.  It  has  7 
churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  the  Mount  Pleasant 
College  (Baptist),  lumber-,  saw-,  and  grist-mills,  and  manu- 
fiictures  of  agricultural  implements.  Pop.  in  1890,  1836. 
Here  are  mineral  springs  and  coal-mines. 

Iluntsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  about  6 
miles  S.  of  Newton.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill., 

Huntsville,  New  York.    See  West  Dat. 

Huntsville,  township,  Rockingham  co.,  N.C.     P.  1880. 

Huntsville,  a  post-village  of  Yadkin  co.,  N.C,  on  the 
Yadkin  River,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Salisbury.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Huntsville,  a  hamlet  of  Butler  co.,  0.,  1  mile  from 
Hughes  Station. 

Huntsville,  a  post-village  of  Logan  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Cincinnati,  Sandusky  <t  Cleveland  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of 
lielleiuntaine.  It  has  3  churches,  a  union  school,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  flour-  and  lumber-mills.     Pop.  500. 

Huntsville,  a  station  in  Cumberland  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
llarrisburg  <t  Potomac  Railroad,  29  miles  W.S.W.  of  Har- 
risburg. 
.  Huntsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  about  7 
miles  N.W.  of  Wilkesbarre. 

Huntsville,  a  village  of  Burrillvillo  township,  Provi- 
dence CO.,  R.I.     Pop.  147. 

Huntsville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Scott  co.,  Tcnn., 
about  44  miles  N.W.  of  Knoxville.     It  has  a  church. 

Huntsville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Walker  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  Huntsville  Branch  of  the  International  &  Great 
Northern  Railroa/l,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Phelps,  where  it  con- 
nects with  the  main  line,  74  miles  N.  of  Houston,  and  about 
54  miles  E.  of  Bryan.  It  contains  8  churches,  the  state 
])enitcntiary,  a  court-house,  the  Andrew  Female  College, 
the  Austin  College  (Presbyterian),  a  bank,  and  2  newspaper 
offices.     Pop.  in  1880,  2536;  in  1890,  1509. 

Huntsville,  a  post-village  of  Weber  co.,  Utah,  12  miles 
N.E.  of  Ogden,    It  has  a  church,  a  lumber-mill,  4c. 

Hnntsville,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  W.  Va.,  60 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Parkersburg. 


Hunyad,  hoon'y&d'  (Hun.  Ilunyath,  boon'yfit'),  % 
county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Transylvania.  Area,  260f 
square  miles.     Pop.  257,461. 

Huon,  hoo'on,  a  river  of  Tasmania,  joins  D'Entr«> 
casteaux  Channel  by  an  estuary  3  miles  across. 

Huon  Islands,  Pacific  Ocean,  a  group  N.AV.  of  Nnr 
Caledonia. 

HU'Peh,  a  province  of  China.    See  Hoo-Pe. 

Hurd,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  on  CheH 
Creek,  about  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Altoona. 

Hurda,  htir'dil,  a  populous  fortified  town  of  India,  40 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Mysore,  with  a  temple  of  Sceva. 

Hurdnh,  or  Ilnrdn,  hQr'dJl,  a  town  of  India,  district 
and  48  miles  S.W.  of  lloshungabad.  It  is  on  the  Grea* 
Peninsular  Railway.     Pop.  7499. 

Hurd'Innd,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Iowa. 

Hurdland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co.,  Mo.,  on  ths 
Quincy,  Missouri  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  64  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Quincy,  111.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  wagoni 
and  washing-machines. 

Hur'dle's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Person  co.,  N.C. 

Hurdoee,  hur'do-oe,  or  Hnrdui,  hQr'doo-cc,  a  town 
of  India,  capital  of  Ilurdooe  district,  60  miles  by  rail  N.W. 
of  Lucknow.     Pop.  6416. 

Hurdoee,  or  Hardui,  a  district  of  the  Scctapoor 
division,  North-West  Provinces,  India,  between  the  Ganges 
and  the  Goomtce.  Area,  2286  square  miles.  Capital,  Hur- 
doee.    Pop.  931,377. 

Hurdooagunge,  hilrMoo-a-ganj',  or  IlardcoganJ, 
hiirMe-9-gunj',  a  town  of  India,  district  of  Alighur,  6  miles 
E.  of  Coel.     Pop.  6202. 

Hurd's  Corners,  Michigan.    See  East  DAvroy, 

Hurd'town,  a  hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  in  Jefl^erson 
township,  8  miles  N.  of  Dover,  and  on  the  Ogden  Mine 
Railroad,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Lake  Hopatcong.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  mine  of  iron  ore.     Pop.  about  100. 

Hurd  war,  hiird'war'  (originally  Hari-dwar,  "gate  of 
Vishnu,"  or  Gangi-dwar,  "gate  of  the  Ganges"),  a  town 
and  place  of  pilgrimage  of  India,  district  and  36  miles  E. 
of  Seharunpoor,  on  the  Ganges,  where  it  issues  from  the 
mountains.  The  town  is  small,  but  at  the  spring  equinox 
the  largest  fair  in  India  is  held  here,  attended  annually  by 
from  200,000  to  300,000  persons,  and  every  twelfth  year  by 
from  1,000,000  to  2,000,000  pilgrims  and  dealers.  Large 
numbers  of  horses,  cattle,  and  camels,  with  Persian  dried 
fruits,  drugs,  and  shawls,  are  brought  hither  from  Nepaul, 
the  Punjab,  Afghanistan,  and  Bokhara. 

Hureekee,  hoo-ree'keo\  a  village  of  the  Punjab,  on 
the  Sutlej,  just  below  the  influx  of  the  Boas,  33  miles  S.  of 
Araritsir.  Though  small,  it  has  an  active  trade,  being  on 
the  route  between  the  Punjab  and  the  rest  of  India. 

HurfFville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gloucester  co.,  N.J., 
about  1 3  miles  S.  of  Camden.  It  has  a  church,  a  creamery, 
and  general  stores.     Pop.  about  300. 

Hurin,  hoo-reen'  (?),  a  town  of  Persia,  province  of 
Irak-Ajemce,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Zohab.  Here  are  massive 
remains  of  stone  buildings  of  high  antiquity. 

Hur'ley,  a  post-village  of  Ulster  oo.,  N.Y.,  4  miles  W. 
of  Kingston,  and  about  54  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Albany.  It 
has  2  churches,  and  stone-quarries.     Pop.  about  200. 

Hurley,  a  post-village  of  Turner  co.,  S.D.,  9  miles  by 
rail  S.  by  E.  of  Parker.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  high 
school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  creamery.    Pop.  (1890)  344. 

Hurley,  a  post-village  of  Ashland  co..  Wis.,  about  52 
miles  by  rail  E.S.B.  of  Ashland.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks, 
an  academy,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  2267. 

Hur'leyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  33 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Middletown. 

Hurlford,  hiirPford',  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  2 
miles  S.  of  Kilmarnock.     It  has  coal-mines.     Pop.  3488. 

Hurl  Gate,  New  York.     See  Hell  Gate. 

HurMock,  a  post- village  of  Dorchester  co.,  Md.,  1 7  mile* 
by  rail  E.  of  Cambridge.  It  has  a  saw-mill,  a  machine- 
shop,  a  creamery,  and  general  stores.     Pop.  about  100. 

Hu'ron,  Lake,  formerly  pronounced  hu-ron',  the  third 
in  size  of  the  five  great  lakes  of  North  America  communi- 
cating with  the  St.  Lawrence  River,  lies  between  43°  and 
46°  15'  N.  lat.  and  between  80°  and  84°  40'  AV.  Ion.,  being 
bounded  on  the  S.S.AV.  by  the  state  of  Michigan,  and  in 
other  directions  by  the  Canadian  province  of  Ontario.  It 
receives  its  main  supplies  from  Lakes  Michigan  and  Supe- 
rior, by  tho  Straits  of  Mackinaw  and  St.  Mary's  River,  and 
its  outlet  is  called  St.  Clair  River.  It  is  divided  into  two 
unequal  portions  by  a  long  peninsula  named  Cabot's  Head, 
and  the  Manitoulin  chain  of  islands.  The  parts  to  the  N. 
and  E.  are  called  Manitou  (t.c,  the  Great  Spirit)  Bay,  or  the 
North  Channel,  and  Georgian  Bay.    With  tho  exception  of 


nuR 


1441 


nuR 


j  tbese  bodies  of  water  and  Saginaw  Bay,  the  outline  of 
I  Lake  Huron  approaches  in  form  very  nearly  to  a  orescent. 
Its  position,  lengthwise,  is  about  S.S.B.  and  N.N.W,,  and 
the  distance  from  one  extremity  to  the  other,  following  the 
curve,  does  not  vary  much  from  280  miles.  The  greatest 
breadth,  exclusive  of  Georgian  Bay,  is  105  miles;  average 
breadth,  70  miles;  area,  21,000  square  miles.  The  surface 
of  the  water  is  elevated  19  feet  above  Lake  Erie,  352  feet 
above  Lake  Ontario,  and  678  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 
The  depth  of  Lake  Huron  is  greater  than  that  of  any  other  in 
the  chain,  averaging,  probably,  not  less  than  1000  feet.  Off 
Safinaw  Bay,  it  is  said  that  leads  have  been  sunk  1800 
feet,  or  1200  feet  below  the  level  of  the  Atlantic,  without 
reaching  bottom.  The  waters  are  remarkably  clear,  espe- 
cially towards  the  Straits  of  Mackinaw,  and  very  pure  and 
sweet.  This  lake  is  said  to  contain  upwards  of  3000  con- 
siderable islands.  It  is  the  reservoir  of  numerous  streams, 
and  its  coast  affords  some  fine  harbors.  Like  most  of  the 
other  lakes  in  the  chain,  it  is  subject  to  fearful  storms;  but 
its  navigation  is  not  generally  considered  dangerous, 

Huroii)  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Michigan.  Area, 
750  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  and  E.  by 
Lake  Huron,  and  on  the  N.W.  by  Saginaw  Bay.  It  is 
drained  by  Pigeon  River  and  other  streams.  The  surface 
is  nearly  level,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests,  in  which 
the  pine  abounds.  Lumber  is  the  chief  article  of  export. 
The  staple  products  of  the  soil  are  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and 
potatoes.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Flint  &  Pere  Marquette 
and  Saginaw,  Tuscola  &  Huron  Railroads.  Capital,  Bad 
Axe.    Pop.  in  1870,  9049  ;  in  1880,  20,089  ;  in  1890,  28,545. 

Huron,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an  area  of 
about  480  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Huron  and 
Vermilion  Rivers.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly 
level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the 
sugar-maple  abounds.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  In- 
dian corn,  oats,  hay,  butter,  and  wool  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  intersected  by  railroads  named  the 
Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern,  the  Cleveland,  Columbus, 
Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis,  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio,  and  the 
Wheeling  &  Lake  Erie.  Capital,  Norwalk.  Pop,  in  1870, 
28,532;  in  1880,  31,609;  in  1890,  31,949, 

Huron;  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Ohio  <fc  Mississippi  Railroad,  53  miles  E.  of  Vincennes. 

Huron,  a  post-office  of  Des  Moines  co.,  Iowa,  in  Huron 
township,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  20  miles  above 
Burlington.    Here  is  a  church.    Pop.  of  the  township,  861. 

Huron,  a  township  of  Houghton  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  437. 

Huron,  a  village  of  Houghton  co.,  Mich,,  1  mile  S,  of 
Houghton,     It  has  copper-mines, 

Huron,  a  township  of  Huron  co.,  Mich.,  bounded  N.E. 
by  Lake  Huron,     Pop.  372,     It  contains  Huron  City, 

Huron,  a  township  of  Wayne  co,,  Mich.,  traversed  by 
the  Huron  River,     Pop.  1738. 

Huron,  a  post-township  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y,,  on  Lake 
Ontario,  about  28  miles  W.S.W.  of  Oswego.  It  is  deeply 
indented  by  Sodus  Bay,  across  which  a  long  carriage-bridge 
has  been  built.  Here  are  cliffs,  called  Chimney  Bluffs, 
which  are  nearly  200  feet  high.  It  contains  a  hamlet 
named  North  Huron.     Pop,  of  township,  1861, 

Huron,  a  post-village  in  Huron  township,  Erie  co., 
0.,  on  Lake  Erie,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan 
Southern  Railroad,  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sandusky,  and  about 
44  miles  by  water  AV.  of  Cleveland.  It  is  the  N,  terminus 
of  the  Wheeling  &  Lake  Erie  Railroad,  It  is  at  the  mouth 
of  Huron  River  (which  serves  as  a  harbor),  and  is  con- 
nected with  Milan  by  a  navigable  canal.  It  has  a  high 
school,  5  churches,  a  money-order  post-office,  a  planing- 
mill,  a  barrel-factory,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  town  hall. 
Large  quantities  of  fish  are  shipped  here.  Pop,  in  1890, 
1380  ;  of  the  township,  2185. 

Huron,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Beadle  co.,  S.D.,  119  miles 
by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Pierre,  and  33  miles  by  rail  W.  of  De 
Smet.  It  has  6  churches,  2  banks,  2  academies,  and  6 
newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  3038. 

Ilu'ron,  a  county  in  the  AV,  part  of  Ontario,  bordering 
on  Lake  Huron,  Area,  1288  square  miles.  This  county  is 
watered  by  the  Maitland  and  its  tributaries,  and  traversed 
by  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  It  is  a  good  farming-coun- 
try, and  has  also  many  facilities  for  lumbering,  fishing,  and 
ship-building.  Extensive  salt-wells  are  worked  near  its 
chief  town,  Goderich.     Pop.  65,165. 

Huron  Bay,  a  hamlet  of  Baraga  co,,  Mich,,  on  Lake 
Superior,  12  miles  N.E,  of  L'Anse.  It  has  quarries  of  good 
roofing-slate, 

Huron  City,  a  post-village  of  Huron  co,,  Mich.,  in 
Huron  township,  on  Lake  Huron,  about  66  miles  E,N,E,  of 
Bay  City,    It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 


Huron  River,  of  Michigan,  rises  among  the  small 
lakes  of  Oakland  and  Livingston  cos,,  flows  southwesterly  to 
Portage  Lake,  and,  turning  thence  towards  the  S.E.,  enters 
Lake  Erie  20  miles  S.  of  Detroit.  It  is  90  miles  long.  In 
the  upper  course  it  is  called  AVoodrufiTs  Creek. 

Huron  River,  of  Ohio,  rises  in  the  N.  part  of  the  state, 
and,  flowing  through  Huron  and  Erie  cos.,  enters  Lake  Erie 
at  the  village  of  Huron. 

Huron  Station,  AV^ayne  co.,  Mich,    See  Rockwood, 

Hurreepoor,  or  Haripur,  hiir^ree-poor',  a  town  of 
India,  capital  of  the  Huzara  district,  Punjab,  80  miles  E, 
of  Peshawer,     Pop,  4646, 

Hurrial,  hur-re-il',  a  town  of  British  India, •presidency 
of  Bengal,  78  miles  N,AV.  of  Dacca. 

Hurriana,  hiir-re-in'i,  a  region  of  Northwestern  In- 
dia, now  chiefly  included  in  the  Hissar  division. 

Hurriana,  a  town  of  the  Jullinder  division,  India 
Pop.  7745. 

Hur'ricane,  a  post-office  of  Tuscaloosa  co.,  Ala. 

Hurricane,  a  post-office  of  Saline  co..  Ark. 

Hurricane,  a  township  of  Fayette  co..  III.     Pop.  1333, 

Hurricane,  a  post-township  of  Montgomery  co.,  III. 
Pop.  724.  It  contains  the  village  of  Van  Burensburg, 
where  is  Hurricane  Post-Office, 

Hurricane,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crittenden  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Ohio  River,  2}  miles  above  Elizabethtown,  111,  Much 
produce  is  shipped  here. 

Hurricane,  a  post-office  of  AA''arren  co.,  Miss.,  on  or 
near  the  Mississippi  River,  25  miles  below  A'icksburg. 

Hurricane,  a  station  in  Maury  co.,Tenn.,  on  the  Nash- 
ville &  Decatur  Railroad,  51  miles  S.  of  Nashville. 

Hurricane,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co.,  AV.  Va., 
about  25  miles  by  rail  AV.  by  N,  of  Charleston.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  hub-  and  spoke-factory.     Pop,  in  1890,  207. 

Hurricane  Bayou,  bi'oo,  a  post-office  and  station  of 
Baldwin  co,,  Ala.,  on  the  Tensas  River,  and  on  the  Mobile  & 
Montgomery  Railroad,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Mobile. 

Hurricane  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  Tenn. 

Hurricane  Bridge,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co.,  AV. 
Va.,  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  26  miles  AV.  of 
Charleston.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hurricane  Creek,  Arkansas,  rises  in  Saline  co.,  runs 
southward  through  Grant  co.,  and  enters  the  Saline  River. 

Hurricane  Creek,  of  Georgia,  enters  the  Satilla  River 
in  AVare  co.  It  is  also  called  Telfair  Creek.  Little  Hurri- 
cane Creek  enters  it  in  the  N.  part  of  the  same  county. 

Hurricane  Creek,  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Tennes- 
see, rises  in  Dickson  co.,  and,  flowing  S.AV,,  enters  Duck 
River  in  Humphreys  co. 

Hurricane  Creek, apost-officeofLauderdaleco.,  Miss. 

Hurricane  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co.,  AVis., 
about  16  miles  AV.N.AV.  of  Platteville. 

Hurricane  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lafayette  co., 
Ark.,  22  miles  S,  of  Hope,     It  has  a  church. 

Hurricane  Island,  a  post-oQice  of  Knox  co,,  Me,,  on 
Hurricane  Island,  in  the  entrance  of  Penobscot  Bay,  4  milea 
S,AV.  of  Carver's  Harbor.     Here  are  granite-quarries. 

Hurricane  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Humphreys  co., 
Tenn.,  10  miles  S.  of  Waverly.  It  has  a  church,  a  woollen 
mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Hurricane  Mountain,  New  York,  a  peak  of  tho 
Adirondacks,  has  an  altitude  of  3763  feet. 

Hurricane  Shoals,  post-office,  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C. 

Hurricane  Switch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Maury  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  about  7  miles  S.  of 
Columbia.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hur'ripaul'  (originally  ffaripala),  a  town,  or  large 
collection  of  hamlets,  of  Bengal,  district  and  23  miles  S.W. 
of  Hoogly. 

Hurrur,  or  Hourour,hooVooK',  written  also  Ilarar, 
a  walled  town  of  East  Africa,  capital  of  the  district  of  the 
same  name,  in  lat.  9°  37'  N.,  Ion.  41°  35'  E.,  175  miles 
S.S.AV.  of  Zeyla,  in  a  verdant  valley.  It  carries  on  an  ex- 
tensive trade  in  slaves,  coffee,  ivory,  ghee,  ostrich  feathers, 
gums,  <tc.  The  people  are  rigid  Mohammedans ;  their  lan- 
guage is  peculiar,  having  an  affinity  to  the  Amharic,  and 
they  use  the  Arabic  character.     Pop,  35,000, 

Hurrur,  Harrar,  orHarar,  a  district  of  East  Africa, 
lying  between  Abj'ssinia  and  the  Somaulee  country,  but 
since  1875  belonging  by  conquest  to  the  Khedive  of  Egypt. 
It  produces  fine  coffee.     Capital,  Hurrur,     Pop.  1,900,000. 

HurVyhur',  or  Harihar,  hur'r§-hur',  a  town  of 
India,  in  Mysore,  on  the  Toombuddra,  45  miles  N.AV.  of 
Chitteldroog.     Pop.  6401, 

Hurst,  a  post-office  of  Coryell  co,,  Tex. 

Hurst  Crossing,  a  post-office  of  Sumner  co,,  Kansaa, 
on  the  Chikaskia  Creek,  55  miles  S,  of  AVichita. 


IIUR 


\m 


nuz 


Hurts'boro*,  r  piMit-vlllAge  of  Ruasoll  oo.,  Ala.,  20 
allM  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Senle.  It  hua  6  churches  and  aD 
Mademy.     Pop.  in  IS»0,  iM. 

Hart's  StorCt  h  pu!>t-uffioe  of  Pittsylvania  oo.,  Va.,  at 
Staunton  HiverStiKion  on  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad. 

Hiiry  River*  Afghanistan.    Soe  IIbrri-Rood. 

Husavik,  hoo'K&-vik,  a  village  of  Iceland,  on  the  E. 
•ido  of  Skjiilfandi  Itiiy,  on  the  N.  coast,  here  lined  by  bold 
oliffs.     It  has  manufactures  of  sulphur. 

Hush,  Ilusch,  hoosh,  or  Ilusi,  a  town  of  Roumania, 
47  miles  S.K.  of  Yassy.  It  is  a  Qreek  bishop's  see.  P.  18,500. 

IIiiKhnkf  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Ushak. 

lIush'Eon,  hSsh-A-on',  a  town  of  China,  in  Qnang- 
Tong,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  island  of  Hainan,  about  3  miles 
from  Ilowi-llowo.  It  is  surrounded  with  walls  40  feet 
high  bv  30  feet  thick,  with  a  parapet.  Pop.  of  the  town 
»nd  suburbs,  about  200,000. 

Ilusiatyn,  hoos-yil-tcon',  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Galicii^ 
20  miles  B.  of  Czortkow,  adjacent  to  a  small  Russian  town 
of  the  same  name.     Pop.  4427. 

Ilusowa,  a  town  of  Moravia.    See  DKtTTSCH-IlAirsi!. 

Ilusscinpoor,  hQs-sIn-poor',  a  town  of  India,  district 
of  Monulabad,  62  miles  E.  of  Delhi.     Pop.  7423. 

Ilussinctz,  hoos'sc-ndts,  or  Gussnitz,  gSCs'nits,  a 
town  of  IJohemia,  75  miles  S.S.W.  of  Prague.     Pop.  1610. 

Ilussinetz,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia,  13  miles  N.E. 
of  Ueiclicnbach.     Pop.  1281. 

Ilussingabad,  British  India.    Soe  IIosHUNGABAn. 

Ilu'stcd,  a  post-office  and  station  in  El  Paso  oo..  Col., 
on  the  Denver  A  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  Col- 
orado Springs. 

Ilustcd,  a  station  in  Cumberland  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Bridgcton  Branch  of  the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  7  miles  N. 
of  Bridgoton. 

Husted's,  a  post-office  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Dutchess  A  Columbia  Railroad,  52  miles  N.N.E.  of  Nowburg. 

Ilustisford,  hus'tis-ford,  a  post-village  of  Dodge  co.. 
Wis.,  on  Rock  River,  in  Hustisford  township,  about  8  miles 
S.E.  of  Juneau,  and  44  miles  N.W.  of  Milwaukee.  It  is 
6  miles  S.AV.  of  Woodland  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  2 
flour-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  513  ;  of  the  township,  1639. 

Hiis'tontown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co..  Pa.,  about 
25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chambersburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Hiis'tonville,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co.,  Ky.,  about 
46  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Lexington.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
and  2  academies.     Pop.  in  1890,  435. 

Husuin,  hoo'sOom,  a  seaport  town  of  Prussia,  22  miles 
by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Sleswick.  It  contains  a  fine  modern 
Gothic  church,  an  ancient  castle,  a  normal  school,  and  a 
hospital,  and  has  considerable  trade,  including  manufac- 
tures of  tobacco,  cotton  prints,  and  woollen  stuffs.    P.  5755. 

Husuni)  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Huizdm. 

Huswa,  a  town  of  India.     See  Hisooah. 

Huszth,  boost,  or  Khuszt,  Koost,  a  village  of  Hun- 
gary, at  the  junction  of  the  Theiss  with  the  Nagy  Ag,  28 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Szigeth.     Pop.  6413. 

Hutch'ins,  a  post-village  of  Dallas  co.,  Tex.,  11  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Dallas.     It  has  a  church. 

Hutch'inson,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  South  Da- 
kota. Area,  795  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Dakota  River, or  RiviSrea  Jacques,  also  called  James  River. 
The  surface  is  an  undulating  plain,  in  whicli  timber  is 
scarce.  The  soil  is  fertile,  but  is  mostly  uncultivated.  It 
Is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Rail- 
road.   Capital,  Olivet.    Pop.  in  1880,  5573  ;  in  1890,  10,469. 

Hutchinson,  a  county  of  the  Panhandle  of  Te.xa.s, 
traversed  by  the  Canadian  River.    Area,  900  square  miles. 

Hutchinson,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Col.,  about 
30  miles  S.W.  of  Denver. 

Hutchinson,  a  city  and  railroad  centre,  the  capital 
of  Reno  CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Arkansas  River,  33  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Newton,  and  about  45  miles  N.W.  of  Wichita. 
It  has  17  churches,  a  graded  school  system,  a  state  reform- 
atory costing  $1,000,000,  2  national  and  2  state  banks,  2 
flouring-mills,  a  planing-mill,  an  ice-factory  with  a  c.Tpacity 
of  30  tons  daily,  a  packing-house,  creamery,  lumber-yards, 
boiler-works,  tobacco-establishments,  and  offices  from  which 
are  issued  a  daily  and  5  weekly  newspapers.  Underlying 
the  city,  at  a  depth  of  400  feet,  is  a  vein  of  rock-salt  325 
feet  in  thickness,  in  working  which  are  16  plants  having  a 
capacity  of  6000  barrels  per  day.     Pop.  in  1890,  8682. 

Hutchinson,  or  Hutch'ison,  a  po.-^t-office  and  sta- 
tion of  Bourbon  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Kentucky  Central  Rail- 
road, 12  miles  N.E.  of  Lexington.     It  has  2  churches. 

Hutchinson,  a  post-village  of  McLeod  co.,  Minn.,  on 
the  South  Fork  of  Crow  River,  65  miles  by  rail  W.  of  St. 
Paul,  and  14  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Glencoe.     It  has  8 


oharohes,  a  graded  school,  2  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
foundry  and  machine-shop,  and  manufactures  of  flour  and 
lumber.     Pop.  in  isyo,  1414;  of  the  township,  ISCy. 

HutchiUNOn's,  a  station  in  Wiirrcn  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Belvidere  Delaware  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Belvidcre. 

Hutchinson's,  a  stuion  in  iMarshall  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  (main  lino),  38  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Wheeling. 

Hutchinson's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Wake  co.,  N.C., 
10  milex  N.  of  Raleigh. 

Huth,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  oo.,  Ind. 

Huthcra,  an  island  of  Africa.     See  Pbmda. 

Hutnee,  a  town  of  India.     See  Huttakv. 

Hut'sonville,  a  post-village  in  Hut-sonville  township, 
Crawford  co..  III.,  on  the  Wabush  River,  30  milej  belDw 
Terre  Haute,  8  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Robinson,  and  36 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Paris.  It  has  2  churches,  a  ucwj-paixT 
office,  a  saw-  and  lumber-mill,  and  manufactures  of  bricks 
and  tiles.     Pop.  in  1890,  582. 

Iluttah,  or  Hata,  hut'ta,  a  town  of  India,  district 
and  35  miles  N.N.E.  of  Dumoh.     Pop.  7106. 

Hnttany,  hut'ta-noo\  or  Hut'nee,  called  also  Atha- 
ni,  &t'a-nee,  and  Athni,  it'nee,  a  town  of  India,  di.'^triut 
of  Bolgaum,  44  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Bejapoor,  in  hit.  10°  45' 
N.,  Ion.  75°  T  E.  It  carries  on  an  extensive  trade  in  grain 
with  Bombay,  Surat,  and  other  emporiums.     Pop.  11,588. 

HUtteldorf,  hilt't^l-doKf,  or  Uteldorf,  oo't^l-donf, 
a  village  of  Lower  Austria,  on  the  AVien,  5  miles  by  rail 
W.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  1818. 

Hiittcnberg,  liiit't?n-b5RG\  a  town  of  Austria,  io 
Carinthia,  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Klagenfurth. 

Hiittenhcim,  hUt't^n-hime*  (Fr.  pron.  hiitHJn'im'), 
or  Hettencm,  a  village  in  Alsace.     Pop.  2324. 

Hiittenrodc,  hUt't?n-roM§h,  a  village  of  Brunswick, 
S.W.  of  Blankenburg.     Pop.  1018. 

Hut'to,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Williamson  co.,  Te.x., 
on  the  International  &  Great  Northern  Railroad  (Brazos 
division),  27  miles  N.E.  of  Austin. 

Hut'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coles  co.,  111.,  in  Hutton  town- 
ship, 8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Charleston.    Pop.  of  township,  2196. 

Hutton,  a  post-office  of  Rush  co.,  Kansas. 

Hutton's,  a  station  on  the  main  line  of  the  Baltimore 
&  Ohio  Railroad,  14  miles  W.  of  Altamont,  Md. 

Hutton's  Switch,  a  post-office  of  Garrett  co.,  Md. 

Hut'tonsviIlc,a  post-village  of  Randolph  co.,  W.  Vu 
on  Tygart's  Valley  River,  about  100  miles  E.N.E.  of  Charles  • 
ton.     It  has  several  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Hutton  VaHey,  a  post-hamlet  of  Howell  co..  Mo.,  50 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Salem.     It  has  a  church  and  20  houses. 

Huttweil,  Hutwcil,  hoot'^Ilc,  or  Huttwyl,  hoot'- 
^il,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  22  miles  N.E.  of 
Bern. 

Hux'ley,  a  post-office  of  Laurel  co.,  Ky. 

Huy,  hoi,  a  fortified  town  of  Belgium,  province  and  17 
miles  S.W.  of  Liege  by  railway,  and  on  the  Mouse,  hero 
crossed  by  a  stone  bridge.  Pop.  11,744.  It  is  enclosed  by 
heights,  and  has  a  citadel,  iron-works,  and  breweries,  with 
tile-,  paper-,  leather-,  glue-,  and  other  factories,  and  an  active 
trade  in  corn. 

Huysse,  hois's^b,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flan- 
ders, 11  miles  S.W.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  3500. 

Huytou,  hi'ton,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster, 
on  the  Manchester  <t  Liverpool  Railway,  5i  miles  E.  of 
Liverpool. 

Huzara,  hiiz'i-ri,  Huzrah,  hiiz'rJ,  or  Huzroo, 
hiiz'roo,  a  commercial  town  of  the  Huzara  district,  28  miles 
E.  of  Attock.     Lat.  .33°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  72°  45'  E. 

Huzara,  or  Hazara,  hfiz'i-ri,  a  district  of  the  Pun- 
jab,  Peshawer  division.  Area,  2835  square  miles.  Capital, 
Ilurreepoor.     Pop.  367,218. 

Huzareh  (hSz'i-r?h)  and  Eimauk  (i'raawk',  also 
written  Eimak,  i*mik')  Country,  a  mountainous  re- 
gion of  Afghanistan,  mostly  between  lat.  31°  30'  and  37" 
N.  and  Ion.  62°  and  68°  E.,  and  estimated  to  comprise 
80,000  square  miles,  with  a  pop.  of  350,000.  The  surface  is 
wholly  mountainous,  and  in  some  parts  14,000  feet  in  ele- 
vation. The  Moorghaub,  Hclmund,  Urghundaub,  and  other 
streams  rise  in  this  region.  The  inhabitants  are  of  Mongol 
descent,  very  poor,  and  subject  to  their  more  powerful 
neighbors.  They  receive  turbans,  cotton  cloths,  tobacco, 
dyes,  and  carpets  from  the  rest  of  Afghanistan,  and  rice,  cot- 
ton, and  salt  from  Toorkistan,  in  exchange  for  slaves,  cattle, 
sheep,  butter,  strong  woollens,  felt,  sacks,  grain,  load,  and 
sulphur.  Silver  and  copper  ores  are  met  with,  but  no  minc« 
are  wrought.  Principal  villages,  Ghore,  Siri  Pool,  and 
Andkhoo.  The  Huzareh,  who  dwell  east  of  the  Eimauks, 
are  Sheeites;  the  Eimauks  are  orthodox  Moslems, 


IIVA 


1443 


HYD 


Hvaloe,  hvi'lo^h,  or  Hraloen,  hvi'lo'^n,  called 
also  Qualoe,  or  Kvaloe,  an  island  of  Norway,  Nord- 
land,  in  the  Arctic  Ocean.  Lat.  69°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  18°  30' 
B.  Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  27  miles;  breadth,  14  miles. 
Upon  it  is  Ilainmerfest,  the  northernmost  town  of  Europe. 

Hvaloer,  or  Hvaloerne,  hvil'o-ia^nflh,  an  island 
group  in  the  Skager-Rack,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Chris- 
tiania-Fiord. 

liven,  or  Ilvecn,  hvain,  a  Danish  island,  in  the  Sound, 
8-  miles  S.  of  Elsinore,  and  long  the  residence  of  Tycho 
Brahe.  remains  of  whose  observatory  exist  here. 

Hviddiiig,  hvid'ding,  or  Ilvityng,  hvee'tiing,  a  vil- 
lage of  Denmark,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ribe.     Pop.  572. 

Ilviddiiigsoe,  hvid'dings-o^^h,  a  small  island  of  Nor- 
way, in  the  Bukke-Fiord,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Stavanger.  A 
light-house  has  been  erected  on  its  S.  extremity. 

Ilvityug,  a  village  of  Denmark.     See  IIviddings. 

Hwang- Yuen,  China.    See  Hoano-Yax. 

Hwlfordd,  South  Wales.    See  IIaverfoud-West. 

Hyabarry,  a  river  of  South  America.     See  Jabary. 

Uyan'uis,  a  post- village  and  seaport  of  Barnstable  co., 
Mass.,  in  Barnstable  township,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and 
on  a  branch  of  the  Cape  Cod  (Old  Colony)  Railroad,  79 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Boston.  It  has  5  churches,  a  high  school, 
a  national  bank,  an  iron-foundry,  and  a  shoe-factory.  Pop. 
about  1500. 

Hyan'nis  Light,  on  Point  Gammon,  at  the  entrance  of 
Hyannis  Harbor,  S.  side  of  Cape  Cod,  Mass.  It  is  a  fixed 
light,  with  an  elevation  of  70  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
«ea.     Lat.  41°  38'  20"  N. ;  Ion.  70°  15'  W. 

Hyannis  Port,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of 
Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  in  Barnstable  township,  on  the  ocean, 
2  miles  from  Ilyannis  Railroad  Station,  and  about  80  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Boston.  It  contains  a  hotel,  an  exchange  build- 
ing, and  about  25  houses. 

Hyapura,  a  river  of  South  America.    See  Japiira. 

Hy'att's,  a  station  in  Delaware  co.,  0.,  on  the  Colum- 
bus &  Toledo  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Delaware,  Post-office, 
Hyattville. 

Hy'attstoAvn,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md., 
about  40  miles  W.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  3  churches. 

Hy'attsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Garrard  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Richmond  Branch  Railroad,  3  miles  E.  of  Lancaster.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Hyattsville,  a  post-village  of  Prince  George's  co., 
Md.,  on  the  Washington  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Washington.  It  is  adjacent  to 
Bladensburg.     It  has  2  churches  and  about  40  residences. 

Hyattville,  a  post-office  of  Delaware  co.,  0.  See 
Hvatt's. 

Hybia  Major,  the  ancient  name  of  Paterno, 

Hyby,  a  town  of  Hungary,     See  Geib. 

Hycatu,  a  town  of  Brazil,     See  Icatu, 

Hy'co,  a  post-hamlet  of  Halifax  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Ilyco 
River,  115  miles  S.W.  of  Richmond.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Hycoo'tee  River  rises  in  Caswell  co.,  N.C.,  runs 
northeastward  into  Virginia,  and  enters  the  Dan  River  in 
Halifax  co.,  about  10  miles  from  the  junction  of  the  Staun- 
ton River  with  the  Dan. 

Hydaspes,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Jhylum. 

Hyde,  hide,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Chester,  at  a 
railway  junction,  4  miles  E.  of  Stockport.  It  has  coal- 
mines and  cotton-mills.     Pop.  14,223. 

Hyde,  hide,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  North  Carolina, 
has  an  area  of  about  435  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  and  S.  by  Pamlico  Sound,  and  contains  Mattamus- 
keet  Lake  and  several  other  lakes.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level,  and  is  diversified  with  forests  and  swamps.  Indian 
corn,  rice,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  Capital,  Swan  Quarter. 
Pop.  in  1870,  6445;  in  1880,  7765;  in  1890,  8903. 

Hyde,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  South  Dakota, 
bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Missouri  River.  Area,  850 
square  miles.     Capital,  Highmore.     Pop.  in  1890,  1860. 

Hyde  Park,  a  former  post-town  of  Cook  co..  III.,  but 
now  the  southern  suburban  section  of  Chicago,  to  which 
city  it  was  annexed  in  1889.  Hero  are  stations  of  the  Illi- 
nois Central  and  Michigan  Central  Railroads,  about  6  miles 
from  the  initial  station,  and  here  is  the  famous  Jackson 
Park,  the  site  of  the  Columbian  Exposition.  In  this  sec- 
tion are  15  churches,  an  elegant  high  school,  a  circulating 
library,  an  astronomical  observatory,  and  the  new  Univer- 
sity of  Chicago  with  an  endowment  of  about  $5,000,000. 

Hyde  Park,  a  post-village  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Hyde  Park  township,  on  the  Neponset  River,  and  on  the 
New  York  <fc  New  England  and  Old  Colony  Railroads,  7  or 
8  miles  S.  by,  W.  of  Boston.  It  has  6  churches,  a  high 
school,  a  grammar-school,  a   savings-bank,   2  newspaper 


offices,  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  curled  hair,  machinery, 
paper,  morocco,  chemicals,  edge-tools,  rubber,  and  woollen 
goods.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  10.193. 

Hyde  Park,  a  post-office  of  Wabasha  co.,  Minn.,  on 
the  Zumbro  River,  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lake  City,  and  about 
22  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Red  Wing. 

Hyde  Park,  a  post-village  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Hyde  Park  township,  on  the  Hudson  River,  and  on  the 
Hudson  River  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Poughkeepsie,  and 
79  miles  N.  of  New  York.  It  is  finely  situated  on  an  emi- 
nence, and  has  4  churches,  many  villas  or  country-seats,  and 
a  steamboat-landing.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2821. 

Hyde  Park,  a  village  in  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  a  branch 
of  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  17  miles  E.  of  Long  Island 
City,  and  0  miles  N.  of  Jamaica.     Pop.  100. 

Hyde  Park,  a  former  borough  of  Lackawanna  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Lackawanna  River.  In  1860  it  was  annexed  to  the 
city  of  Scranton,  of  which  it  constitutes  the  4th,  5th,  6th, 
14tli,  and  loth  wards. 

Hyde  Park,  a  post-vilhigo  of  Cache  co.,  Utah,  1  mile 
from  the  Utah  Northern  Railroad,  4  miles  N,  of  Logan,  and 
about  100  miles  N,  of  Salt  Lake  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Hyde  Park,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lamoille  co., 
Vt.,  in  Hyde  Park  township,  on  the  Lamoille  River,  and 
on  the  Vermont  division  of  the  Portland  &  Ogdensburg 
Railroad,  52  miles  W.N.W.  of  St.  Johnsbury,  and  about  26 
miles  N.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  the  Lamoille  Central  Acad- 
emy, a  court-house,  5  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  savings- 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  carriages, 
lumber,  butter-tubs,  and  hard  wood  flooring.  It  is  sur- 
rounded by  beautiful  scenery.     Pop,  of  the  township.  IC)'.]?). 

Hyderabad,  hlM^r-a-bid',  written  also  Ilydrabad, 
a  fortified  city  of  India,  capital  of  the  state  of  Hyderabad, 
on  the  Musah,  or  Mussey,  a  tributary  of  the  Kistnan,  hero 
crossed  by  a  large  stone  bridge.  Lat.  17°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  78° 
33'  E.  It  is  the  terminus  of  a  line  of  railway.  Population 
(1881),  including  suburbs,  354,692,  comprising  Rohillaa, 
Arabs,  Afghans,  and  Patans,  mostly  Moslems,  this  having 
long  been  the  stronghold  of  Mohammedanism  in  the  Dec- 
can,  The  citj',  about  4  miles  in  length  by  3  miles  in 
breadth,  is  enclosed  by  a  stone  wall,  and  irregularly  laid 
out.  The  streets  are  narrow,  crooked,  and  ill  paved.  The 
houses  are  mostly  of  wood,  and  of  only  one  story,  but  there 
are  some  rich,  noble  residences,  containing  collections  of 
pictures,  natural  curiosities,  and  European  porcelain,  and 
one  handsomely  fitted  up  in  the  European  fashion.  The 
principal  public  buildings  are  the  Nizam's  palace,  the  "  Fimr 
Minarets,"  and  numerous  other  mosques.  Outside  of  the 
city,  on  the  road  to  the  British  station  of  Secunderabad,  3 
miles  N.,  is  the  royal  cannon-foundry,  also  a  magnificent 
residence,  formerly  that  of  the  British  representative,  and 
some  other  fine  country-seats.  Among  the  curiosities  of 
Hyderabad  is  the  Nizam's  regiment  of  women,  who  per- 
form all  military  duties  the  same  as  men. 

Hyderabad,  or  the  Nizam's  Dominions,  a  native 
state  of  India,  in  the  Deccan,  bounded  S.E.  by  the  Madras 
presidency,  W.  by  the  Bombay  presidency,  N.  chiefly  by 
Berar,  and  N.E.  by  the  Central  Provinces.  Area,  93,0C0 
square  miles.  The  country  is  a  fertile  though  ill-culti- 
vated table-land,  traversed  by  the  Godavery  in  the  N.  and 
the  Kistnah  in  the  S.  There  are  extensive  pestilential 
marshes  and  jungles  in  some  parts,  but  elsewhere  the  coun- 
try is  as  healthful  as  any  in  India.  The  waste  lands 
abound  in  wild  elephants,  deer,  tigers,  bears,  buffaloes, 
and  hogs.  Diamonds  and  other  precious  stones  occur,  and 
coal  and  iron  exist,  but  are  scarcely  wrought.  The  bulk 
of  the  people  are  of  Hindoo  faith,  but  the  reigning  family 
is  Mohammedan  and  descends  from  a  viceroy  of  the  former 
Mogul  ruler.  Chief  products,  cottons,  teak,  wool,  silk, 
hides,  dye-stufls,  indigo,  oil,  and  rice.  The  lands  are 
generally  held  by  the  military  tenure.  The  ruler  is  called 
the  Nizam,    Capital,  Hyderabad,    Pop.  about  9,000,000. 

Hyderabad,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the  Hyderabad 
district  and  of  Sinde,  near  the  E.  bank  of  the  Indus,  oppo- 
site Kotrce,  whence  a  railway  extends  to  Kurraohee,  which 
is  105  miles  to  the  S.W.  Hyderabad  is  well  fortified,  and 
has  an  arsenal,  a  lunatic  asylum,  and  manufactures  of  silks, 
cottons,  silver  and  gold  ornaments,  lacquered  wares,  and 
earthen  pots.     Pop.  about  35,000. 

Hyderabad,  or  Haiderabad,  a  district  of  India, 
in  Sinde.  Area,  8914  square  miles.  Capital,  Hyderabad. 
Pop.  566,865. 

Hyde's  (hidz)  Mills,  or  Hydesville,  hidz'vil,  a 
post-hamlet  of  Iowa  co..  Wis.,  on  Mill  Creek,  about  30 
miles  W.  of  Madison,     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill, 

Hydesville,  a  post-village  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal.,  oo 
Eel  River,  24  miles  S.  of  Eureka.     It  has  1  or  2  oburcbes. 


t 


HYD 


1444 


IBA 


Ilydetown,  Crawford  co.,  Pn.    Sm  Oil  Creek. 

Hrdeville*  hld'vll,  n  post-vlllnge  of  Rutland  oo.,  Vt, 
In  CuUetoD  township,  on  the  Cnstloton  Rivor,  nnd  on  the 
R«niMlMr  A  Saratoga  Rnilroad,  11  miles  E.N.E.  of  White- 
hall, N.T.,  and  U  luilcs  S.W.  of  Rutland.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  graded  school,  and  mnnufoctures  of  warble  and  slate. 

llyilra*  bo«'dr&,  or  Idra»  ee'dr&,  an  island  of  Qroece, 
ofi*  the  E.  coast  of  the  Morea.  Area,  3S  square  miles. 
Pop.  about  20,000.  It  is  a  mere  barren  roclc,  but  on  its  N. 
■iUe  is  the  city  of  Hydra. 

Hydra,  a  city  of  Greece,  on  the  island  of  Hydra,  on 
a  height,  near  the  N.W.  shore,  with  an  indiOorent  harbor. 
It  has  some  manufactures,  and  its  people  are  reckoned  the 
best  sailors  in  the  Levant.  It  has  a  school  of  navigation 
and  a  gymnasium.     Pop.  7428. Inhab.  Uyd'riot£. 

Hydrabadf  India.    See  HrncRABAD. 

Ilydraotes,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Ratee. 

Ilydron,  hce'dron,  an  island  between  Hydra  and  the 
mainland,  4  miles  in  length  by  2  miles  across. 

Ilydruutunif  the  ancient  name  of  Otranto. 

lly^reSf  or  Ui^res,  ee-ain'  (ano.  Arete  f  and  Hieroif), 
a  town  of  South  France,  Var,  12  miles  E.  of  Toulon.  It  is 
beautifully  situated  on  a  declivity  facing  the  Mediterranean, 
and  has  many  good  houses  and  hotels.  The  town  ball  has 
a  column  with  a  bust  of  Massillon,  a  native  of  Ily^rcs.  It 
has  manufactures  of  silk  twist,  brandy,  essences,  and  oil,  an 
active  trade  in  fruits  and  salt,  and  the  ruins  of  an  old  castle, 
and  is  a  noted  winter  resort  for  invalids.     Pop.  6797. 

Hyferes  Islands  (Fr.  Lea  lies  d'Hijiret,  14  zoel  dee- 
aiu'),  a  group  of  islands  of  France,  in  the  Mediterranean, 
off  Hyftres.  The  names  of  the  chief  isles  are  Porquerollcs, 
Port-Cros,  Lo  Levant,  Bagneau,  and  L'Esquillade,  the  last 
two  mere  rocks,  and  the  others  rough,  barren,  and  scantily 
peopled. 

Hy'er's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dane  co.,  Wis., 
about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Madison. 

Hyetusa,  the  Latin  name  of  Gaidaronisi. 

Ilykulzie,  or  Hykulzye,  hi-kfil-zeo',  a  large  walled 
town  of  Afghanistan,  35  miles  N.  of  Shawl,  on  the  route  to 
Candahar.  Here,  on  April  28,  1842,  the  troops  under  Gen- 
eral England  routed  the  Afghans  and  forced  a  passage  to 
Candahar. 

Ily'mer,  a  post-office  of  Chase  oo.,  Kansas. 

Ilymera,  hi-me'rA,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  Ind., 
on  Uusseron  Creek,  about  21  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Terre  Haute. 
It  has  a  church. 

Hymet'tua,  a  mountain-range  of  Greece,  in  Attica, 


lying  S.W.  of  the  Athenian  plain.    This  range  anciently 
was,  and  still  is,  celebrated  for  its  honey. 

Ilyndinan,  hintrmq,n,  a  post-borough  of  Bedford  oo., 
Pa.,  6  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Cook's  Mills,  and  2.'t  miles  by  rail 
S.  by  W.  of  Bedford.  It  has  5  churches,  public  schools,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  fire  olay-briok-works,  <tc.  Pop. 
in  18»0,  1056. 

liyndsdale,  hindz'dale.  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  oo., 
Ind.,  on  White  River,  33  miles  S.S.W.  of  Indianapolis. 

HyndsvillG,  hinJz'vIl,  a  ])OHt-villago  of  Schoharie  oo., 
N.Y.,  on  West  Kill  Creek,  60  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Albany. 
It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  saw-mills. 

Hy'ner,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co..  Pa.,  21  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Lock  Haven.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a 
saw-mill,  and  about  30  houses. 

Ilyon,  hee'AtJ*'  or  hl'gn,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hal. 
naut,  2  miles  S.E.  of  Mons.     Pop.  1103. 

llypanis,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Bug. 

Ilypanis,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  the  KooBAif. 

Ilyphasis,  a  river  of  India.    See  Bkas. 

Ilypsa,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Nako. 

Ilypsus,  or  Ilypsa,  a  river  of  Sicily.     See  Bkmci. 

llyrcania,  hjr-kd'ne-a,  an  ancient  country  or  province 
of  Central  Asia,  lying  S.E.  of  the  Caspian  Sea,  now  the 
Persian  province  of  Astrabad.  Here  the  Parthian  kingi 
often  resided  in  summer. Adj.  IIvrcaman,  lijr-kA'ne-^n. 

Ilyremansvillc,  hlr'manz-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lehigh 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  14  miles  W.  of  Allentown. 

Ilyria,  an  ancient  name  of  OniA. 

Ily'rum,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cache  co.,  Utah,  8  miles  S.of 
Logan.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Hy'ter's  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Va. 

Ilytbe,  hirn,  a  borough  of  England,  and  one  of  it( 
Cinque  Ports,  co.  of  Kent,  near  the  English  Channel,  and 
near  the  Southeastern  Railway,  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Dover, 
near  the  E.  end  of  Romney  Marsh.  It  has  many  curious 
ancient  houses,  an  elegant  cruciform  church,  a  hospital,  a 
county  hall,  a  jail,  a  theatre,  a  library,  and  a  branch  bank. 
On  the  beach,  which  is  higher  than  the  town,  is  a  line  of 
strong  martollo  towers.  Hythe  was  anciently  a  port  of  great 
importance,  but  its  harbor  has  been  entirely  destroyed  by  the 
shingle  here  thrown  up,  and  it  has  now  only  one  open  beach, 
whence,  however,  vessels  often  sail  to  Boulogne.  It  is  also 
a  fashionable  resort  for  sea-bathing.  The  borough  send* 
one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.     Pop.  3383. 

Hyuruha,  a  river  of  Brazil.    See  Jurua. 

Ilyutahy,  a  river  of  Brazil.    See  Jutay. 


I. 


^^*  Names  in  Eastern  Europe  and  in  Asia  beginning 
with  I  followed  immediately  by  a  vowel  will  generally  be 
found  under  Y:  thus,  for  Iakoutsk,  see  Yakootsk;  Ial- 
POUKH,  see  Yalpookh  ;  Iampol,  see  Yampol,  <kc. 

labloncv,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Yabloxev. 

lablonoi,  mountains  in  Asia.    See  Yablonoi. 

lacova,  or  Jacova,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Yacova. 

ladera,  or  lader,  Dalmatia.    See  Zara. 

ladrin,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Yadrin. 

lagath,  a  town  of  Morocco.     See  Tetooan. 

lakhva,  a  river  of  Siberia.    See  Yakhva. 

Iakoutsk,  a  province  of  Siberia.     See  Yakootsk. 

laloutrovosk,  or  laloiitorovsk.  See  Yalootrovosk. 

lalpoiikh,  a  river  and  lake  of  Russia.   See  Yalpookh. 

lalta,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Y^alta. 

lama,  a  river  of  Siberia.    Bee  Yama. 

lambourg,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  YAMBOORa. 

lamsk,  a  town  of  Siberia.     See  Yamsk. 

lana,  a  river  of  Siberia.    See  Yana. 

lang'Ling,  a  mountain  of  China.    See  Yang-Ling. 

lanina,  a  city  of  Turkey.    See  Yanina. 

lanopol,  a  town  of  Poland.    See  Yanopol. 

lanouchpol,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Yanooshpol. 

lanov,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Yajjov. 

lapygium  Promontorium.    See  Cape  Lecca. 

larenga,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Yarenoa. 

larensk,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Yaransk. 

laroslav,  a  government  of  Russia.    See  Yaroslat. 

laselda,  a  river  of  Rusbia.    See  Yaselda. 


laswa,  or  lazva,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Yazva. 

latan,  i'g,-tan,  a  post-village  of  Platte  co.,  Mo,,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  30  miles  below  St.  Joseph,  and  on  the 
Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  <fc  Council  Bluffs  Railroad,  14  miles 
N.  of  Leavenworth,  Kansas.  It  has  a  church  and  a  plough- 
factory.     Pop.  129. 

latinum,  an  ancient  name  of  Meaux. 

Iba,  ee'bi,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassau,  circle 
of  Rottenburg.     Pop.  830. 

Iba,  or  Yba,  ee'bi,  a  town  of  the  Philippine  Islands, 
in. Luzon,  capital  of  the  province  of  Zambales,  80  miles 
N.W.  of  Manila.     Pop.  4130. 

I'ba,  a  hamlet  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind.,  about  26  miles  N. 
of  Fort  Wayne. 

Ibaba,  e-bi'bi,  a  town  of  Abyssinia,  in  Amhara,  70 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Gondar,  on  the  S.  shore  of  Lake  Dembea. 

Ibadan,  ee-bi'din,  a  city  of  Africa,  in  Y'arriba,  70 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Lagos,  with  wide,  straight  streets  and  a 
reputed  population  of  150,000. 

Ibague,  e-bl'gi,  or  Ibaque,  o-b&'ki,  a  town  of  Soulh 
America,  in  the  United  States  of  Colombia,  state  of  Cundi- 
naraarca,  70  miles  W.  of  Bogota.     Pop.  5000. 

Ibaizabal,  a  river  of  Spain.     See  Nerva. 

Ibar,  ee'bar',  or  Hibar,  hce'bar',  a  river  of  Servia, 
falls  into  the  Morava  in  lat.  43°  25'  N.,  Ion.  20°  45'  E. 

Ibarra,  c-ban'Ri,  a  town  of  Ecuador,  capital  of  the 
province  of  Imbabura,  50  miles  N.N.E.  of  Quito,  at  the  N. 
foot  of  the  volcano  of  Imbabura.  It  is  a  bishop's  see.  It 
is  in  a  fertile  region,  well  built,  and  is  estimated  to  hav« 


IBA 


H45 


ICE 


10,000  inhabitants.  It  was  overthrown  by  the  great  earth- 
quake of  186S. 

Ibarra,  a  village  of  Mexico,  in  Jalisco,  45  miles  N.  of 
Aguas-Calientes. 

I'baton,  a  post-oflSce  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas, 

Ibbenbiiren,  ib'b^n-bii'rgn,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Westphalia,  14  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Osnaburg.  It  has  active 
manufactures  of  glass,  leather,  linen,  <fcc.     Pop.  3707. 

Ibeit,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Obeid. 

Ibera,  or  Ybera,  e-bi'ri,  a  marshy  lake,  or  rather 
scries  of  lakes,  in  the  Argentine  Republic,  province  of  Cor- 
ricntes,  between  the  rivers  Parani  and  Uruguay,  extend- 
in?  from  near  lat.  29°  30'  to  near  30°  S.,  and  from  Ion.  66° 
W  to  near  69°  AV. 

Ibcrg,  a  village  of  Switzerland.    See  YBERa. 

Iberia,  a  country  of  Asia.    See  Georgia. 

Iberia,  I-bee're-a,  the  ancient  name  of  Spain. Adj. 

and  inhab.  Ibeuiav,  i-beo're-an. 

Ibe'ria,  a  parish  in  the  S.  part  of  Louisiana,  bordering 
on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  has  an  area  of  about  550  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Bayou  Teche,  and  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  by  Chetimaches  Lake,  and  on  the  S.AV.  by  Ver- 
milion Bay.  The  surface  is  partly  covered  with  forests  of 
cypress  and  live-oak ;  the  soil  is  fertile.  Sugar-cane,  cot- 
ton, and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  Beds  of  rock 
salt  occur,  and  a  mine  of  salt  has  been  wrought  here. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital, 
New  Iberia.  Pop.  in  1870,  90-12;  in  1880,  16,676;  in  1S90, 
20,997. 

Iberia,  a  post-village  of  Brown  co.,  Minn.,  in  Stark 
township,  on  the  Big  Cottonwood  River,  5  miles  S.B.  of 
Sleepy  Eye  Station,  and  about  50  miles  AV.  of  Mankato.  It 
has  a  church,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Iberia,  a  post-village  of  Miller  co..  Mo.,  about  38  miles 
S.  of  Jefferson  City.     It  has  2  churches. 

Iberia,  a  post-village  of  Morrow  co.,  0.,  1  mile  from 
the  Cleveland,  Columbus,  Cincinnati  &  Indianapolis  Rail- 
road, and  63  miles  N.  of  Columbus.  It  has  3  churches. 
Here  is  the  Ohio  Central  College  (United  Presbyterian). 
Pop.  238. 

Ibe'rian  Mountains,  an  appellation  sometimes  given 
to  the  mountains  in  the  central  and  E.  parts  of  Spain. 

Iberian  Peninsula,  the  S.AV.  portion  of  Europe, 
comprising  Spain  and  Portugal. 

Iberus,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Ebiio. 

Iberville,  i'b^r-vil,  a  parish  in  the  S.  part  of  Louisiana, 
Area,  650  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  AV.  by  Atchafalaya  Bayou. 
The  surface  is  level  and  low,  subject  to  inundation,  and 
extensively  covered  with  forests  and  cypress  swamps.  The 
levees,  or  banks  of  the  river,  are  the  highest  parts  of  the 
parish.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Molasses,  sugar,  maize,  and 
cotton  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Plaquemine.  Pop.  in 
1870,  12,347;  in  1880,  17,544;  in  1890,  21,848. 

I'berville,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Quebec,  bounded 
on  the  AV.  by  the  Richelieu  River,  comprises  an  area  of 
188  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by  the  A^ermont  Central 
and  Stanstead,  Shefford  &  Chambly  Railways.  Capital,  St. 
Athanase.     Pop.  15,413. 

Iberville,  a  town  of  Quebec.     See  Saint  Athanase. 

Ibi,  ee-Bce',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  23  miles  N.AV. 
of  Alicante.     Pop.  2393. 

Ibiapaba,  e-be-4-p4'bS,,  Hibbiappaba,  Hibiap- 
paba,  hib-e-ip-pi'bi,  or  Biapina,  be-i-pee'ni,  a  moun- 
tiiin-chain  of  Brazil,  stretching  from  E.  to  AV.,  in  the  prov- 
ince of  Ceard.  It  is  divided  into  the  mountains  of  Biapina, 
Boavista,  Boritana,  B5cos,  &a. 

Ibicui,  e-be-kwee',  a  river  of  South  America,  rises  in 
the  S.AV.  of  the  province  of  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  in  Brazil, 
enters  Uruguay,  and  joins  the  Uruguay  River  at  Yapeyu, 
In  lat_.  29°  20'  S.,  after  a  course  of  about  400  miles. 

Ibi  Gamin,  ee'bo  gi'min,  or  Kamet,  Ki'm§t,  a 
mountain  of  the  Himalayas.  Lat.  30°  35'  N.;  Ion.  79°  38' 
E.     Height,  25,373  feet. 

Ibisa,  or  Ibiza,  Balearic  Isles.    See  IrigA. 

Ibituruna,  a  village  of  Brazil.    See  Bom-Successo. 

Ibo,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Aboh. 

Ibo,  ee'bo,  one  of  the  Querimba  Islands,  in  Mozambique 
Channel.     Lat.  (N.AV.  part)  12°  20'  S.;  Ion.  40°  38'  E. 

Ibo,  or  Oi'bo,  a  town  of  the  above  island.  It  is  de- 
fended by  a  large  and  two  smaller  forts,  and  has  a  harbor. 

Ibos,  ee'bos',  a  market-town  of  France,  in  Ilautes-Py- 
rSnecs,  4  miles  AV.  of  Tarbes.     Pop.  1945. 

Ibrah,  ee'bri  or  ib'ri,  a  town  of  Arabia,  dominions  and 
60  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Muscat.  It  has  many  good  houses,  which 
are  fortified  and  highly  adorned. 


Ibraheem,  or  Ibrahim,  ib'ri-heem'  (anc.  Ado'nit), 
a  rivulet  of  Syria,  enters  the  Mediterranean  about  midway 
between  Tripoli  and  Beyroot.  It  is  connected  in  mythology 
with  the  death  of  Adonis,  or  Thammuz. 

Ibraheem,  or  Ibrahim,  a  river  of  Persia,  province 
of  Kerman,  enters  the  Persian  Gulf  20  miles  E.  of  Ormus, 
after  a  N.  course  of  75  miles. 

Ibrail,  Ibraila,  or  Ibrahil.    See  Brahilov. 

Ibrig,  a  village  of  Switzerland.     See  Ybero. 

Ibrim,  ibVeem'  {a.nc.Fremnis?),  a  town  of  Nubia,  upon 
a  rocky  height  on  the  Nile,  12  miles  S.AV.  of  Derr. 

Ibros,  or  Ibros  del  Rey,  ee'broce  dfil  r4,  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  19  miles  N.N.E.  of  Jaen.     Pop.  4013. 

Iburg,  ee'booRG,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  8  miles 
S.  of  Osnaburg.     Pop.  969. 

19a,  a  tributary  of  the  Amazon.     See  Putumayo. 

I^a,  Iza,  or  San  Geronimo  de  I^a,  sin  ni-ron  c- 
mo  di  ee'si,  a  town  of  Peru,  capital  of  the  province  of  Ija, 
department  and  168  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lima,  and  45  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Pisco,  its  port. 

19a,  a  small  maritime  department  of  Peru.  Chief  towns, 
Ifa  and  Pisco.     Area,  6295  square  miles.     Pop.  60,111. 

I^abaquam,  a  river  of  Brazil.     See  Camacdas. 

Icanna,  supposed  ancient  name  of  the  Yonne. 

Ic'ard,  a  township  of  Burke  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  929. 

Icard  Station,  Burke  co.,  N.C.    See  Happy  Home. 

Icaria,  Icarus,  ancient  names  of  Nicaria. 

Icatu,  or  Hycatu,  e-k3,-too',  a  town  of  Brazil,  province 
and  52  miles  S.E.  of  Maranhao,  on  the  Monim. 

Icco,  a  town  of  Brazil.    See  Ico. 

Ice  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co.,  0. 

Iceland,  iss'land  (called  Island,  ees'l&nd,  by  the  na- 
tives; Ger.  Island,  is'Mint;  Dutch,  Ijsland  or  Ysland,  is'- 
lint;  Sp.  hlanda,  ees-lin'dS,;  Fr.  hlaiide,  ees'li.vd';  L. 
hlan'dia),  an  island  subject  to  the  crown  of  Denmark,  and 
situated  between  the  North  Atlantic  and  the  Arctic  Ocean, 
130  miles  from  the  S.E.  coast  of  Greenland,  and  850  miles 
AV.  of  Norw.ay,  extending  between  lat.  63°  24'  and  66°  33' 
N.  and  Ion.  13°  31'  and  24°  17'  AV.  Greatest  length,  from 
E.  to  AV.,  300  miles ;  central  breadth,  about  200  miles  ;  are.a, 
39,543  square  miles.  The  coast-line  for  a  considerable  ex- 
tent on  the  S.E.  is  almost  unbroken,  but  in  all  other  direc- 
tions it  presents  a  continued  succession  of  deep  bays,  fiords, 
and  jutting  promontories.  One  of  the  most  remarkable  of 
the  latter  is  a  large  peninsula  in  the  N.AV.,  which  stretches 
out  between  two  bays  80  miles  into  the  ocean.  The  water 
along  the  coast  Is  generally  deep,  and  the  bays  furnish  a 
great  number  of  harbors,  with  good  anchorsige  and  complete 
shelter ;  but  the  navigation  is  rendered  dangerous  by  vast 
numbers  of  rocky  islets  which  line  the  shores.  The  interior 
of  the  island  has  for  the  most  part  a  very  wild  and  desolate 
appearance,  being  covered  by  lofty  mountain-masses  of  vol- 
canic origin,  many  of  them  crowned  with  perpetual  snow 
and  ice,  which,  stretching  down  their  sides  into  the  inter- 
vening valleys,  form  immense  glaciers.  These  icy  moun- 
tains, which  take  the  common  name  of  JiJkuU  or  Jiikul, 
have  their  culminating  point  in  Oeriifa  Jokull,  near  the 
S.E.  coast,  lat.  64°  0'  48"  N.,  Ion.  16°  45'  31"  AV.;  height, 
6409  feet.  The  Sniifell,  near  the  AV.  coast,  is  5965  feet  in 
height ;  and  Eyjafjalla  Jokull,  in  the  S.,  5679  feet.  Hecla, 
the  noted  volcano,  is  6110  feet  in  elevation.  The  Skaptar 
Jokull  occupies  an  immense  tract  in  the  S.E.  part  of  the 
island.  The  glaciers  cover  a  surface  of  upwards  of  4000 
square  miles;  they  exist  in  all  the  mountains  above  4000 
feet  in  elevation,  and  extend  down  to  the  sea.  The  greatest 
mass  of  ice  is  in  the  S.E.  of  the  island  ;  and  this  region  has  for 
centuries  been  the  scene  of  the  most  violent  volcanic  eruptions. 
There  are  30  known  volcanoes  in  Iceland,  sever.al  of  which 
have  been  active  within  a  century.  Destructive  volcanic 
eruptions  are  not  uncommon.  The  island  also  contains  numer- 
ous small  mud-volcanoes  and  intermittent  thermal  springs, 
in  the  chief  of  which,  the  Great  Geyser  (ghl'z^r),  the  water 
at  a  depth  of  72  feet  is  30°  above  the  boiling-point.  Jets 
of  water  and  stones  are  thrown  at  intervals  from  this  geyser 
to  heights  varying  from  90  to  100  feet.  The  immense  res- 
ervoirs of  snow  and  ice  furnish  inexhaustible  supplies  to 
numerous  lakes  and  rivers,  but  the  latter,  owing  to  the  rug- 
ged nature  of  the  surface,  are  more  remarkable  for  their 
number  than  for  their  length.  The  most  deserving  of  notice 
are  the  Hvitd  or  AVhite  River,  theThiorsd,  the  Jokulsd,  and 
the  Skilfjandafljot.  The  last  two  have  each  a  course  of 
about  100  miles.  The  Hvitd  and  the  Thiorsd  are  each  about 
150  miles  in  length.  The  most  valuable  mineral  product  is 
sulphur;  »urtHr6ranrf,  or  lignite,  is  also  found.  The  other 
minerals  deserving  of  notice  are  chalcedonies,  rock  crystaLs, 
and  the  well-known  double  refracting  spar,  for  which  the 
island  has  long  been  famous.    On  many  parts  of  the  coast^ 


icn 


1446 


IDA 


MtrtleaUrly  the  W.,  bMaltio  mtm  oeour;  that  of  Stsppon 
U  not  unworthy  to  b«  oompared  with  Fingal's  Cave. 

The  alimato  U  rery  variabto ;  itorms  of  extreme  rtolence 
are  frequent  i  the  summer  ia  uioi^t ;  in  winter  the  sky  is  dark 
aad  floomy,  but  lighted  up  at  ni^ht  by  brilliont  displny*  of 
the  aurora  boreali*.  The  tempcnituro  i«  more  olevatod  than 
that  of  nny  other  country  in  the  snmo  latitude ;  moan  of  year 
at  Koikiavik,  40"  Fahr. ;  of  tho  summer,  56°,  and  of  the 
winter,  Ztt^.S!).  Tho  S.  coasts,  washed  by  a  nrolongation 
of  the  Quif  Stream,  are  much  mililor  than  the  N.,  and  gen- 
erally froo  from  ico.  Forc.-it«  formerly  abounded,  but  the 
Island  is  now  destitute  of  trees.  The  want  of  fuel  is  severely 
felt,  although  the  Gulf  Stream  and  the  polar  currents  ocoa- 
■ionally  float  driftwood  to  its  shores,  and  a  fine  white  turf 
is  used.  Except  a  few  oat^,  and  a  kind  of  wild  grass  whose 
seedsareoarefUlly  garnered  for  food,  no  grain  can  be  raised; 
but  potatoes  and  gardon-regetables  are  cultivated.  Tho 
flora  of  Iceland  is  nearly  allied  to  that  of  Scandinavia, 
eompriiiing  mosses  and  a  few  shrubs.  The  most  important 
doniostio  animal  is  the  sheep,  which,  with  the  goat,  cow, 
horse,  ox,  and  dog,  was  introduced  from  Norway.  Reindeer, 
introduced  in  1770,  now  exist  in  largo  herds,  but  arc  not 
domesticated.  Tho  polar  boar  is  sometimes  cast  on  the 
shores  from  the  northern  ice-fields.  Fish  are  very  abundant 
on  all  the  coasts,  and  form  the  chief  support  of  tho  inhabit- 
ants. Birds  are  very  numerous,  the  most  valuable  of  which 
is  the  eider-duck.  No  reptiles  of  any  kind  exist  in  tho 
island.  There  are  few  manufactures,  and  the  only  com- 
merce consists  in  the  exchange  of  wool,  butter,  skins,  fish, 
oil,  sulphur,  and  Iceland  moss.  The  trade  has  been  re- 
ttriuted  to  Icelandic  and  Danish  vessels,  but  the  ports  are 
open  to  commerce. 

The  inhabitants  belong  to  tho  Scandinavian  race.  Their 
language  is  peculiar  to  the  island ;  it  is  more  nearly  allied 
to  the  old  Norse  than  any  other  now  spoken.  They  are 
strongly  attached  to  their  country,  and  hospitable  to  stran- 
gers. Iceland  College,  with  8  professors  and  about  80  stu- 
dents, is  the  only  educational  institution  except  a  few  schools ; 
but  domestic  education  is  universal,  and  the  intellectual 
capacity  of  the  people  is  of  a  superior  order.  Many  of  the 
most  valuable  works  of  European  literature  have  been  trans- 
lated into  the  native  tongue.  Almost  all  the  inhabitants 
aro  Lutherans,  the  whole  island  forming  a  single  bishopric. 
In  1874  the  1000th  anniversary  of  Iceland's  history  was 
celebrated  at  Reikiavik,  the  capital,  on  which  occasion  the 
island  received  its  autonomy,  but  it  still  remains  subject 
to  the  King  of  Denmark,  who  appoints  its  governor.  It 
has  its  own  legislature,  and  all  its  citizens  arc  equal  before 
the  law.  Since  1874  the  island  ha«  suffered  much  fr/m  the 
cfi'ecta  of  volcanic  eruptions,  and  from  consequent  dearth 
and  destruction  of  the  sheep,  on  which  the  people  largely 
depend  for  supplies  of  food ;  and  some  emigration  to  the 
Canadian  district  of  Kcewatin  has  resulted. 

Iceland  was  discovered  by  a  Norwegian  pirate  in  860,  and 
permanently  settled  in  874,  but  is  believed  to  have  been 
known  to  the  Irish  fishermen,  and  temporarily  colonized  by 
them,  before  this  period.  The  Norse  settlement  continued 
to  increase  rapidly  by  the  arrival  of  new  settlers,  and  in  tho 
beginning  of  tho  tenth  century  the  inhabitants  formed  them- 
selves into  a  republic,  which  existed  for  nearly  400  years. 
In  the  thirteenth  century  it  became  subject  to  Norway,  and, 
through  it,  in  1380,  to  IJcnmark,  with  which  it  still  remains. 

Pop.  in  1703,  50,444;  in  1843,57,180;  in  1880,  72,445. 

Adj.  Icelas'dic;  inhab.  IcE'LAsnBR. 

Ichaboe,  ik'4-bo,  an  island  off  the  S.W.  const  of  Africa, 
lat.  26°  18'  S.,  Ion.  14°  58'  E.     It  has  afforded  guano. 

Ichak,  a  town  of  India.    See  Eechauk. 

Ichnng,  a  town  of  China.     See  E-Ciiing. 

Ichapoor,  or  Ichapur,  itch-A-poor',  a  village  of  Ben- 
gal, on  tho  lloogly,  14  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Calcutta.  It  has 
an  English  school  and  a  large  government  powder-mill. 

Ich'aAvaynoch'away  Creek,  Georgia,  drains  part 
of  Terrell  co.,  runs  southward  through  Calhoun  and  Baker 
COS.,  and  enters  Flint  River  about  15  miles  below  Newton. 
It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Ichawur,  e-chaw'?r,  a  town  of  India,  dominion  and  32 
miles  S.W.  of  Bhopaul,  comprising  about  1000  houses. 

Ichenhansen,  iK'^n-how'z^n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on 
the  Glinz,  6  miles  S.E.  of  GUnzburg.     Pop.  2450. 

Ichenlieim,  iK'^n-hime^  a  village  of  Baden,  Middle 
Rhine,  near  the  Rhine.     Pop.  1450. 

Iclitergliein,  iK't^r-chfim,  or  Ichtcghem,  iK't?- 
chdm,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  the  province  of  West  Flan- 
ders, 12  miles  S.W.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  3800. 

Ichtcrsliausen,  iK't?rs-h6w*z?n,  a  town  of  Germany, 
in  Saxc-Coburg-Gotha,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Gotha,  on  the 
Gora.     Pop.  1300. 


Ichtiman,  iK't^-min',  a  border  town  of  Eastern  Rou- 
mclia,  35  miles  N.AV.  of  Tatar  Buzardjik. 

Icltcsburg,  iks'burg,  a  post-village  of  Perry  co..  Pa. 
in  Savillo  township,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Millorstown.  It  has 
several  churches  and  stores.     Pop.  about  200. 

Ico,  or  Icco,  ee'ko,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  of 
Coari,  on  the  Salgado,  near  its  junction  with  the  .Jnguarib^ 
32  milos  N.N.E.  of  Crato.     Pop.,  with  district,  7000. 

Icod,  eo-kod',  or  Fed  de  lo8  Vinos,  fjd  di  loce  vcen'- 
yoco,  a  town  on  the  W.  coast  of  TcnerilTe.     Pop.  4000. 

Icolmkiil,  in  tho  Hebrides,  Scotland.    See  Iona. 

Iconium,  the  ancient  name  of  Konirit. 

Ico'nium,  a  post-village  of  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Chariton  township,  about  32  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ottumwa.  It 
has  2  churches  and  several  stores.     Pop.  about  200. 

Iconium,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Clair  co..  Mo.,  30  miles 
S.S.B.  of  Clinton. 

Icricok,  a  town  of  Guinea.    See  Ecricok. 

Icnlisma,  tho  ancient  name  of  Axooiri.fiMR. 

I'cy  Cape,  Alaska,  in  the  Arctic  Ocean,  midway  be- 
tween Capes  North  and  Lisbourno.  Lat.  70°  20'  N. ;  Ion. 
101°  40'  W. 

I'cy  Strait,  Alaska,  connects  Chatham  Strait  with  the 
Pacific  Ocean. 

Ida,  i'da.  (Turk.  Kaz-Tagli,  kAz-llg),  a  famous  moun- 
tain of  Asia  Minor,  near  the  head  of  the  Gulf  of  Adramyti, 
and  30  miles  S.E.  of  the  plain  of  Troy.  Lat.  36°  12'  X.; 
Ion.  26°  54'  E. 

Ida,  a  mountain  of  Crete.     See  Psilorati. 

I'da,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an  area  of 
432  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Ma](lo  River,  and 
partly  drained  by  the  Little  Sioux  River,  which  touches  its 
N.W.  extremity.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly 
level.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and 
grass  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad.  Capital,  Ida  Grove. 
Pop.  in  1870,  226;  in  1880,  43S2 ;  in  1890,  10,705. 

Ida,  a  post-hamlet  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas,  in  Rose 
Creek  township,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Fairbury,  Neb. 

Ida,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  in  Ida  township, 
on  the  Lake  Shore  <t  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  10  milcj 
W.  of  Monroe.  It  has  a  money-order  post-office,  2  churches, 
2  saw-mills,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1105. 

Ida,  a  township  of  Douglas  co.,  Minn.  Pop.  325.  It 
contains  Ida  Lake. 

Ida,  a  post-office  of  Adair  co..  Mo.,  9  miles  from  Kirksville. 

Ida,  a  post-hamlet  of  Valley  co.,  Neb.,  12  miles  N.W. 
of  Ord. 

Ida,  a  post-office  of  Lane  co.,  Oregon. 

Ida,  a  post-office  of  Pepin  co..  Wis. 

Ida  Grove,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ida  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Corwin  township,  on  the  Maple  River,  and  on  the  Maple 
River  Railroad,  about  28  miles  N.  of  Denison,  and  28  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Sac  City.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  aud  4 
newspaper  ofllces.     Pop.  in  1880,  759;  in  1890,  1563. 

Idalio,  i'da- ho,  one  of  the  northwestern  states  of  the 
American  Union,  cituated  in  the  Pncific  highland,  and 
principally  in  the  basin  of  the  Columbia  River,  is  bounded 
N.  by  British  Columbia  and  Montana,  B.  by  Montana  and 
Wyoming,  S.  by  Utah  and  Nevada,  and  W.  by  Oregon  and 
Washington.  It  lies  between  lat.  42°  and  49°  N.  and  Ion. 
111°  and  117°  W.  The  crest  of  the  Bitter  Root  Mountains 
forms  the  boundary  on  the  N.E.,  and  the  main  chain  of 
the  Rooky  Mountains  extends  along  the  southwestern  fron- 
tier. The  W.  boundary  follows  for  about  180  miles  the 
course  of  the  Shoshone,  Snake,  or  Lewis  River.  Area, 
86,294  square  miles. 

Snr/uce. — The  face  of  the  country  is  principally  moun- 
tainous, but  there  are  several  large  prairie  tracts.  In  the  N. 
lateral  spurs  (the  Kootenai,  Cceur  d'A15ne,  and  Lapwai 
Mountains,  and  others)  extend  westward  from  the  Bitter 
Root  range.  Idaho  is  divided  by  the  Salmon  River  Moun- 
tains, whose  snow-clad  peaks  exceed  in  some  cases  an  alti- 
tude of  13,000  feet,  into  two  distinct  portions,  known  as 
Northern  and  Southern  Idaho.  A  wagon -road,  begun  in 
1890  and  connecting  Mt.  Idaho  and  Little  Salmon  meadows, 
forms  the  only  means  of  communication  within  the  state 
between  these  two  divisions.  S.  of  this  range  the  Three 
Buttes,  and  in  tho  extreme  E.  the  Three  Tetona  (13,691 
feet),  are  famous  landmarks.  In  the  S.  and  S.E.,  respect- 
ively, are  the  Goose  Creek  and  Bear  River  Mountiiins, 
which  form  part  of  the  watershed  dividing  tho  Shoshone 
Valley  from  the  Great  Salt  Lake  Basin,  in  which  the  S.E. 
part  of  the  state  lies.  Northward  of  these  ranges  and  of 
the  Shoshone  River,  but  S.  of  the  Salmon  River  Moun- 
tains, is  the  fertile  Kamass  Prairie,  and  there  are  elsewhere 
great  sage-plains.     In  the  S.E.  is  a  region  apparently  vol- 


IDA 


1447 


WB 


canic  at  no  remote  period,  and  abounding  in  geysers  and 
other  thermal  and  saline  springs.  Remarkable  points  of 
interest  are  the  GreatShoshone,  American,  and  Salmon  Falls, 
all  cataracts  of  the  Shoshone  River.  The  first  is,  at  high 
water,  a  rival  of  Niagara  in  magnificence,  and  the  fall  or 
perpendicular  descent  exceeds  that  of  Niagara.  The  great 
canon  of  the  Shoshone,  where  the  river  flows  for  many 
miles  at  the  bottom  of  a  vast  trough  or  chasm  in  the  rocks, 
is  another  noteworthy  feature.  There  are  many  lakes  and 
rivers,  with  fertile  valleys,nnd  picturesque  waterfalls  abound 
in  the  mountains.  Evergreen  coniferous  trees  cover  some 
of  the  hills  and  mountains  with  a  dense  forest.  Red  cedar 
especially  abounds  in  the  N.,  and  pines,  firs,  spruces,  &c., 
are  abundant  in  many  districts  ;  but  hard-wood  timber  is, 
as  a  rule,  very  deficient.  Azoic  and  eozoic  rocks  cover  a 
very  large  part  of  the  area.  The  Shoshone  River,  with 
most  of  its  tributaries,  flows  through  regions  largely  covered 
with  rocks  of  comparatively  recent  volcanic  origin.  The 
various  geological  ages,  from  the  Silurian  to  the  Pliocene, 
are  nearly  all  represented  in  the  state,  but  none  of  them 
extensively  so,  except  the  tertiary  and  the  post-tertiary, 
whose  strata  and  deposits  cover  large  areas.  Idaho  is  one 
of  the  most  important  sources  of  supply  of  the  precious 
metals.  Gold  was  discovered  on  the  Pend  d'Oreille  River 
in  1862;  in  1860  placer-mining  operations  were  undertaken 
on  the  South  Fork  of  the  Clearwater,  and  on  the  forks  of 
the  Coeur  d'Alene  River  are  the  famous  Coeur  d'Alene 
mines,  rich  in  gold,  silver,  and  lead.  Both  quartz  and 
placer  gold  are  obtained  in  nearly  all  parts  of  the  state. 
The  mineral  product  of  1889  was  valued  at  over  $17,000,000. 
Coal  (strictly  a  lignite,  tertiary  or  cretaceous)  is  found  at 
various  points.  Salt,  sulphu.",  iron  ore,  and  building-stones 
are  abundant. 

Idaho  is  in  general  much  better  adapted  for  grazing  than 
for  agriculture.  She  has  vast  wastes  covered  with  bunch- 
grasses  and  with  "winter-fat"  or  "white  sage"  (Eurotin 
lanata),  which  is  eagerly  sought  by  cattle,  and  upon  it  they 
thrive  and  fatten  even  in  winter.  Notwithstanding  the 
elevated  character  of  the  state,  her  winters  are  not  often 
severe,  considering  the  latitude;  and  even  in  the  N.  cattle 
may  range  in  the  valleys  without  shelter  or  foddering. 
Indian  corn  is  not  very  profitably  raised,  for  the  summers 
are  short.  The  country  is  well  watered  by  rivers,  and  the 
soil  when  irrigated  is  wonderfully  productive.  Over  8,000,- 
000  acres  are  reported  as  capable  of  successful  irrigation. 
Of  this  number,  740,350  acres  are  now  irrigated,  and  with 
the  fertile  bottom-lands  along  the  streams  are  cultivated 
with  profit.  Among  the  mountains  there  are  sheltered 
basins  or  parks,  with  fine  soil  and  excellent  pasturage.  At 
present  barley,  potatoes,  wheat,  oats,  wool,  and  dairy-prod- 
ucts are  the  agricultural  staples  of  the  state. 

Stage-routes  have  been  established  to  the  more  important 
points,  connecting  with  the  Pacific  railroads  and  the  steam- 
ers upon  the  Upper  Columbia.  From  Powder  River  up  to 
Salmon  Falls  (200  miles)  the  Shoshone  is  navigable  for 
steamers.  The  Clarke  River  in  the  N.  is  navigable  to  some 
extent.  Steamers  ply  upon  the  beautiful  Lake  Pend 
d'Oreille  or  Kulispelm,  the  largest  body  of  water  in  the 
state.  The  Union  Pacific  and  Utah  Northern  Railroads 
traverse  the  southern  portion,  and  the  Northern  Pacific 
crosses  it  from  E.  to  W. 

Government. — The  state  constitution  was  adopted  in  No- 
vember, 1889.  The  state  ofl[icers  are  elected  for  terms  of 
two  years.  The  three  judges  of  the  supreme  court  are 
elected  at  large,  and  the  justices  of  the  five  judicial  dis- 
tricts by  the  electors  of  each  district.  The  legislature, 
having  18  senators  and  36  representatives,  holds  biennial 
sessions.  Idaho  has  one  representative  in  the  lower  house 
of  the  national  congress. 

Education. — In  1890  there  were  410  school  districts,  .S15 
school-houses,  and  497  schools.  The  number  of  children 
of  school  age  was  25,471,  and  the  enrollment  was  14, .311. 
There  were  3.3  private  schools  with  an  attendance  of  1104 
pupils.  The  amount  received  for  school  purposes  was 
$202,235.47.  The  University  of  Idaho  has  been  established 
at  Moscow,  Latah  co.,  but  the  buildings  are  not  yet  com- 
plete. There  are  Roman  Catholic  and  other  mission 
schools,  chiefly  among  the  Indians.  Among  the  conditions 
prescribed  by  the  federal  government  when  Idaho  became 
a  state,  were  the  appropriation  of  90,000  acres  for  an  agri- 
cultural college,  100,000  acres  to  support  a  scientific  school, 
100,000  acres  to  maintain  a  state  normal  school,  and  50,000 
acres  as  an  endowment  for  a  state  university. 

Counties  and  Towns. — The  counties  are  18  in  number,  as 
follows :  Ada,  Alturas,  Bear  Lake,  Bingham,  Boisg,  Cassia, 
Custer,  Elmore,  Idaho,  Kootenay,  Latah,  Lemhi,  Logan, 
Nez  Perc6s,  Oneida,  Owyhee,  Shoshone,  and  Washington. 


The  principal  towns  are  Boi86  City  (the  capital),  Mont- 
pelier,  Weiser,  Paris,  Bellevue,  Wallace,  Levviston,  Cald- 
well, Grangeville,  Shoshone,  Ketchum,  Silver  City,  Challis, 
Clayton,  Nampa,  and  Glenn  Ferry. 

The  total  population  in  1870  was  20,583,  of  whom  10,618 
were  whites.  In  1880  the  population  was  32,610,  and  in 
1890,  84,385,  The  native  Indians  belong  mainly  to  the 
Shoshone,  Nez  Perc6,  Bannack,  and  Kootenay  tribes.  In 
1889  they  were  distributed  in  the  reservations  as  follows  : 
On  the  Nez  Percl  reservatioH  there  were  1450  Indians;  on 
the  Lemhi  reservation,  789;  on  the  Fort  Hill  reservation, 
1593;  on  the  Coeur  d'AlSne  reservation,  423;  and  on  the 
Buck  Valley  reservation,  400.  By  act  of  congress  in  that 
year  an  agreement  was  ratified  with  the  Indians  by  which 
300,000  acres  from  the  Fort  Ilill  reservation  and  the  same 
amount  from  the  Coeur  d'AlSne  reservation  were  ceded  to 
the  government.  There  are  in  Idaho  over  25,000  Mormons, 
and  though  polygamy  |,s  not  openly  practised,  nearly  all  the 
voters  of  this  faith  are  disfranchised,  as  they  refuse  to  take 
the  "  test  oath." 

History. — In  1863,  Idaho  was  formed,  being  set  oflf 
mainly  from  Washington,  Dakota,  and  Nebraska.  It  then 
included  Montana  and  a  part  of  Wyoming.  Its  present 
area  all  belonged  to  Washington  up  to  1863.  Idaho  re- 
ceived its  present  limits  in  1868,  after  having  parted  with 
a  large  share  of  its  area  in  1864.  Gold  was  found  here  in 
1 852,  and  in  1860  it  was  struck  in  paying  quantities  at  Ore 
Fino..  Parts  of  the  state  were  devastated  by  the  Indian 
war  of  1878.  The  mining,  stamping,  and  smelting  inter- 
e.»ts  have  been  very  productive,  and  to  them  the  growth 
of  the  state  is  almost  entirely  due.  The  timber-manufac- 
ture and  the  pasturage  of  sheep  and  neat  cattle  are  attract- 
ing much  attention,  and  the  future  of  Idaho  as  a  pastoral 
region  is  full  of  promise.  On  July  3,  1890,  Idaho  was  ad- 
mitted to  the  Union  as  a  state. 

Idaho,  a  large  county  of  Idaho,  is  bounded  on  the  W. 
by  the  Snake  or  Lewis  River,  and  intersected  by  the  Salmon 
River.  The  surface  is  mountainous.  The  Lapwai  Moun- 
tains extend  along  the  N.  border  of  the  county.  The  soil 
of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  This  county  has  gold-mines  (mostly 
placer).  Area,  11,400  square  miles.  Capital,  Mount  Idaho. 
Pop.  in  1870,  849;  in  1880,  2031 ;  in  1890,  2955. 

Idaho,  a  post-ofiice  of  Clay  co.,  Ala. 

Idaho,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.C.,  3  miles 
from  Fayetteville. 

Idaho,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co.,  0.,  on  Sunfish  Creek, 
28  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chillicothe.   It  has  a  church  and  3  stores. 

Idaho  City,  the  capital  of  Bois6  co.,  Idaho,  is  situated 
in  the  Bois6  Basin,  on  Moore's  Creek,  about  35  miles  N.E. 
of  Bois6  City.  It  is  near  lat.  44°  N.  and  Ion.  114°  50'  W. 
Its  prosperity  is  derived  from  rich  placer-mines  of  gold. 
Silver  is  also  found  here.  It  contains  2  churches,  a  bank- 
ing-house, a  newsjmper  ofiice,  a  saw-mill,  a  brewery,  and 
manufactures  of  soda-water.  This  place  is  surrounded  by 
mountrtins  covered  with  pino  forests.     Pop.  about  500 

Idaho  Falls,  formerly  Eagle  Rock,  a  post- village  of 
Bingham  co.,  Idaho,  27  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Blackfoot, 
It  has  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  lumber-yard,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  other  industries.     Pop.  in  1890,  about  300. 

Idaho  Springs,  a  post-town  of  Clear  Creek  co..  Col., 
on  Clear  Creek,  and  on  the  Colorado  Central  Railroad,  38 
miles  AV.  of  Denver.  It  has  5  churches,  several  hotels,  and 
hot  soda  springs,  which  attract  many  visitors.  Gold  and 
silver  are  found  near  this  place,  which  is  surrounded  by 
beautiful  scenery.     Pop.  in  1890,  1338. 

Idanha-Nova,  e-dJn'yi-'no'vi,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
Beira,  13  miles  E.  of  Castello  Branco.     Pop.  2566. 

Idar,  ee'dar,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  the  principality 
of  Birkenfeld,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Oberstein.     Pop.  3055. 

Idavillc,  i'da-vll,  a  post-village  of  White  co.,  Ind.,  16 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Logansport.  It  has  6  churches,  an 
academy,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  tile-fac- 
tory.    Pop.  about  500. 

Idaville,  or  Kilchis,  a  post  hamlet  of  Tillamook  co., 
Oregon,  on  Tillamook  Bay,  about  60  miles  W.  of  Portland. 
It  is  partly  supported  by  the  lumber-business. 

Idaville,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co.,  Pa.,  in  Hunting 
ton  township,  14  miles  S.  of  Carlisle.     It  has  a  church. 

Idaville,  a  post-ofiice  of  Tipton  co.,  Tenn.,  3  miles  from 
Atoka  Station. 

Iddnh,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Attah. 

Id'do,  a  post-ofliee  of  Pike  co.,  Ala. 

Idegem,  ee'de-ghSm,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  25  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ghent,  on  the  Dender. 

IMell',  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co,,  Kansas,  about  18 
miles  N.E.  of  Parsons. 

I'der,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind. 


IN 


1448 


IIIA 


Idiazabal,  e-De-l-thA-BAl',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Gul- 
puMO*.  37  milM  8.  of  8»n  SebMtian.     Pop.  1627. 

I41cng«  icl-j4ng',  an  aotiro  volcano  at  tho  E.  end  of  the 
iiUnd  of  Java.  10,170  foct  high. 

I'dle«  a  rivor  of  Entj^land,  oo.  of  Nottingham,  after  a 
N.E.  oourae,  joini  the  Trent  4  miles  below  Gainsborough. 

IdlCt  a  town  of  Kngland,  co.  of  York,  3  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Bradford.     Pop.  6253. 

Idlewild,  i'dfl-wlld,  a  post-offioe  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y., 
65  miles  by  roil  N.  of  New  York.  Here  was  the  residence 
of  the  poet  N.  P.  Willis.    See  Coiinwall  (N.Y.). 

Idiewild,  a  post- village  of  liamiltun  co.,  0.,  3  miles  by 
rail  N.N.t).  of  Oiucinniiti.    It  hnsachurch.    Pop.  about  600. 

Idlewild,  a  post-offioe  of  Gibson  oo.,  Tenn.,  on  the  New 
Orleiin)>,  St.  Louis  &  Cbiongo  Railroad,  8  miles  N.of  Milan. 

Idlewood)  i'dfl-wood,  a  station  in  Chartiors  tuwu- 
«bip,  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  6  miles  W.  of  Pittsburg. 

Idlip,  or  Idlib,  a  town  of  Syria,  50  miles  S.W.  of 
Aleppo. 

Idra,  an  island  of  Greece.     Sec  IIvdra. 

IdriU)  id'ro-^  or  ee'dre-&,  a  river  of  Austria,  in  Cami- 
ola,  joins  the  Isonzo  after  a  course  of  about  45  miles. 

Idria«  a  town  of  Carniola,  in  an  Alpine  valley,  23  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Laybach.  It  has  2  largo  churches  and  an  old 
castle.  Its  celebrated  quicksilvor-mine,  next  to  those  of 
Almaden,  in  Spain,  is  tho  richest  in  Europe.    Pop.  3960. 

IdrOf  ee'dro,  or  Idro-Alto,ee'dro  il'to  {ano.  E' drum), 
»  small  town  of  Northern  Italy,  province  and  IS  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Brescia,  on  a  declivity  on  the  S.E.  shore  of  tho 
lake  of  the  same  name.     Pop.  833. 

Idro  Lake  (anc.  Edri'uus  La'cns),  in  North  Italy,  is 
17  miles  N.  of  Brescia,  between  the  lakes  of  Oarda  and  Isoo. 
Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  7  miles;  greatest  breadth,  IJ  miles; 
depth,  about  400  feet.  It  is  traversed  by  tho  Chiese,  an 
afiiuent  of  the  Po,  and  it  has  on  its  W.  side  tho  fortress  of 
Rocoa  d'Anfo. 

Idstedt)  id'stitt,  a  village  of  Prussia,  5  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Sleswick.  A  battle  was  fought  here  in  1850  between 
the  Danes  and  tho  Sleswick-IIolsteiners.     Pop.  395. 

Idstcin,  id'stine,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  IIossc-Nassau, 
15  miles  N.  of  Mentz.     Pop.  2500. 

Iduinsen,  id-u-mee'a,  Ida'me,  or  E'dom,  an  ancient 
country  of  Western  Asia,  comprising  the  mountainous  tract 
between  Palestine  and  the  Gulf  of  Akabah,  the  whole 
country  being  a  portion  of  Arabia.  It  is  divided  into  the 
districts  of  Jebal  and  Esh-Sherah,  both  occupied  by  tribes 

of  Bedouin   Arabs. Adj.   and  inhab.  iDUMiEA.v,  id-u- 

mee'an,  or  E'domite. 

Idumania,  a  river  of  England.    See  Black  Water. 

Iduruni)  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Judexburq. 

ledo,  a  city  of  Japan.    See  Tokio. 

lefremov,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  YEPREMor. 

leia,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Yeia. 

lekaterinbiirg,  Russia.    See  YEKATEniNBOORQ. 

lekaterinodar,  Russia.    See  Yekaterinodab. 

lekaterinograd,  Russia.    See  Ybkaterixoorad. 

lekateriuoslav,  Russia.    See  Yekateiiinoslav. 

lelabouga,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Yelabooga. 

lelagoui,  a  river  of  Siberia.    See  Yelagooi. 

lelatom,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Yelatou. 

leletz,  a  city  of  Russia.    See  Yelets. 

Iclisavetgrad)  Russia.    See  Yklisavetgrad. 

lelnia,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Yelxia. 

lelsif  e-dl'see,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  9  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Campobasso.     Pop.  2904. 

lemtsa,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Yemtsa. 

lenidje,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Yenidje. 

lenikale^  a  town  and  strait  of  Russia.    See  Yenikalb. 

lenisei)  a  river  of  Siberia.    See  Yenisei. 

leuiseisk,  Russia.     See  Yeniseisk. 

lerne^  the  ancient  name  of  Ireland. 

leroslan,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Yeroslan. 

lesi,  or  Jesi;  e-i'see  (anc.  JE'sis),  a  walled  town  of 
Italy,  in  the  Marches,  17  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Ancona,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Esino.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  tho 
ceat  of  important  manufactures.     Pop.  18,912. 

leso,  an  island  of  Japan.    See  Yesso. 

letze^  a  river  of  Germany.    See  Jetze. 

levst)  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Yevst. 

If,  eef,  an  islet  o£F  the  S.  coast  of  France,  in  Bouches-du- 
Bhdne,  opposite  Marseilles,  and  occupied  as  a  fortress. 

Ilfenaic,  eerf6N»*deek',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Ille-et-Vilaine,  18  miles  W.  of  Rennes.     Pop.  345. 

Ifiezheim,  iffSts-hlme^  or  Iffesheim,  iff?s-hime\ 
a  village  of  Baden,  on  the  Rhine,  the  steamboats  on  which 
have  a  station  here.     Pop.  1809. 

IflaoeCt  or  Iflanit  e-fl&'nee,  an  upland  region  of  Asia 


Minor,  S.E.  of  Amastra,  in  which  are  the  two  villages  callea 
Itlanoe  of  Kastamoonee  and  Iflanee  of  Zafaran-Boli. 

Iga,  ee'gi,  a  senport  town  of  Japan,  in  Hondo,  on  the  W. 
coast  of  tho  Bay  of  Owari,  100  miles  E.S.E.  of  Kioto. 

Igal,  ee*gar,  a  town  of  Hungary,  34  miles  N.N.W.  of 
FUnfkirchcn.     Pop.  1650. 

Igatimi,  e-gd-te-moe',  a  river  of  South  America,  joins 
the  Panama  from  the  right,  in  lat.  24°  40'  S.  Length,  nboiit 
200  miles.  Its  navigation  is  much  obstructed  by  cntarncts, 
no  fewer  than  20  occurring  within  a  cpace  of  20  miles. 

Igca,  or  Ixea,e-H^'&,  or  Igca  dc  Cornago,  e-iiiV'& 
di  koR-nl'go,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  35  miles  S.E. 
of  Logrofio.     Pop.  1747. 

Igelhciin,ce'gfl-hTmo\or  Iggclhciin,ig'ghfl-hImo*, 
a  village  of  Bavaria,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Speyer.     Pop.  2049. 

Igilliuin,  the  ancient  name  of  Giglio. 

Iglau,  ig'ISw,  written  also  Iglaw  and  Gihawla, 
ghe-h&v'll  (L.  Ijla'via),ti  town  of  Moravia,  on  the  Igliiwa, 
and  on  a  railway,  49  miles  W.N.W.  of  Brilnn.  Pop.  20,1 12. 
It  has  3  suburbs,  several  churches,  a  gymnasium,  and  a 
high  school,  with  extensive  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth, 
paper,  plush,  vinegar,  colors,  potash,  and  glass,  and  a 
flourishing  trade.  Silver  and  lead  are  raised  from  neigh- 
boring mines. 

Iglawa,  ig-14'*i,  Iglava,  ig-l&'vi,  or  Igla,  ig'lil,  a 
river  of  Moravia,  joins  the  Schwarza  19  miles  S.  of  Brilnn, 
after  a  S.E.  course  of  70  miles. 

Iglesias,  e-gl4'se-is,  a  town  of  Sardinia,  34  miles  by 
rail  W.N.W,  of  Cagliari,  near  the  W.  coast  of  tho  island. 
Pop.  5448.  It  is  enclosed  by  ruined  fortifications,  and  has 
a  cathedral,  a  handsome  episcopal  palace,  several  convents, 
a  Jesuits'  college,  and  a  trade  in  wine. 

Iglo,  ig'lo^  (Ger.  Neudorf,  noi'donf),  a  free  town  of 
Hungary,  co.  of  Zips,  on  the  Ilernat',  and  on  a  railway,  7 
miles  S.  of  Leutschau.  Pop.  6691.  It  has  a  large  Cath- 
olic church,  a  town  hall,  a  board  of  mines,  smelting-works 
for  copper  and  iron,  and  some  trade  in  flax  and  linen. 

Igloo'lik\  a  small  island  of  Northern  Canada,  in  Fury 
and  llecla  Strait.     Lat.  69°  21'  N.;  Ion.  81°  53'  W. 

Iguacio  (ig-n&'se-o)  Islands,  a  group  in  the  Gulf  of 
California,  off  the  coast  of  the  Mexican  state  of  Cinaloa. 

Jgo,  i'go,  a  post-village  and  mining-camp  of  Shasta  co., 
Cal.,  about  13  miles  S.W.  of  Shasta  It  has  a  masonic 
hall,  a  church  organization,  and  a  public  school. 

Igo,  a  post-office  of  Rooks  co.,  Kansas. 

I'gou's  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Tennessee  River,  18  miles  above  Chattanooga. 

I;jrande,  a  town  of  France.    See  Ygrande. 

Igrapiuna,  e-gri-pc-oo'ni,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province 
of  Bahia,  near  SJio  Jorge  dos  Ilheos.     Pop.  1000. 

Igua9U,  Igiiazu,  or  Curitiba,  koo-re-tec'bi,  a  river 
of  Brazil,  forms  the  boundary  between  the  provinces  of  Sao 
Paulo  and  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  and  joins  the  Parana  in  lat. 
26°  S.,  Ion.  54°  45'  W.,  after  a  W.  course  of  250  miles.  See 
Curitiba. 

Igua«;a,  or  Iguazu,  e-gwi-soo',  a  town  of  Brazil, 
province  and  21  miles  N.W.  of  Rio  Janeiro.  Pop.  4000. 
It  has  a  considerable  trade  by  the  river  Iguaju  to  Rio 
Janeiro. 

Igualada,  e-gwi-li'Di  (anc.  Aqttm  Latwf),  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  33  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Barcelona,  on 
the  Noya.  Pop.  14,000.  It  stands  on  an  eminence,  and 
the  new  town  has  airy,  well-planted  walks,  a  parish  church, 
a  college,  a  hospital,  and  cavalry  barracks.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  cotton  goods,  cotton  thread,  hats,  and  fire-arms, 
with  distilleries,  and  in  its  neighborhood  are  paper-mills. 

Igualapa,  e-gwi-lA'pi,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  and 
180  miles  S.S.W.  of  La  Puebla.     Pop.  about  3000. 

Igiialeja,  e-gwi-li'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
42  miles  W.S.W.  of  Malaga.     Pop.  1593. 

Iguape,e-gwi'pd,,  a  river  of  Brazil,  enters  the  Atlantic 
about  85  miles  S.W.  of  Santos.     Length,  150  miles. 

Iguape,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Sao  Paulo,  on  the 
S.  bank  of  the  Iguape  River,  near  its  mouth.  It  has  a  good 
harbor,  and  exports  rice  and  timber. 

Iguara^u,  e-gwi-ri-soo',  or  Iguarassn,  e-gwi-ris- 
soo',  a  town  of  Brazil,  the  earliest  founded  in  the  state  of 
Pernambuco,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  the  city  of  that  name. 
It  stands  on  a  height,  beside  the  Iguara^u,  a  tributary  of 
the  Up})er  Parnahiba.     Pop.  5000. 

Iguazu,  a  town  of  Brazil.    See  IcuA^tr. 

Igumen,  e-goo-m£n',  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  38  miles  E.S.E.  of  Minsk,  on  the  Beresina.    Pop.  2190 

Iguvium,  the  ancient  name  of  Gubbio. 

Igyusch,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Hegyes. 

Iha,  ee'&,  a  village  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  island  of 
Saparooa,  or  Uoni-Moa. 


IHN 


1449 


ILI 


Ihna,  ee'ni,  a  river  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  enters  the 
J)ainmsche-Seo,  an  arm  of  the  Stettiner-Haff,  9  miles  N. 
of  Stettin.     Length,  55  miles. 

Ilirin§ren,  ee'ring-?n,  a  village  of  Baden,  circle  of 
Upper  Rhino,  near  Breisach.     Pop.  2708. 

Ijf  a.  river  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Y. 

I'jamsville,  a  post-village  of  Wabash  eo.,  Ind.,  in 
Pleasant  township,  on  Eel  lliver,  and  on  the  Eel  River 
Railroad,  about  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Logansport.  It  has  2 
churches  and  several  mills. 

Ijamsville,  a  post-village  of  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  on 
Bush  Creek,  and  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  52 
miles  W.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 
Pop.  100. 

Ijighinsk)  Siberia.    See  Jijiginsk. 

Ijist,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Ylst. 

Ijiiia^  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Izhma. 

Ijo,  ee'yo,  a  small  river  of  Finland,  flows  into  the  Gulf 
of  Bothnia,  near  its  N.  extremity. 

Ijsland,  the  Dutch  name  of  Icelaxd. 

IjsscI,  a  river  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Yssel. 

Ijsselinonde,  Netherlands.    See  Yssklmosde. 

Ijsselmuiden,  Netherlands.     See  Ysselmuidex. 

Ijsselstein,  Netherlands.     See  Ysselsteix. 

Ijzendik,  Netherlands.     See  Yze.vdvke. 

Ik,  ik,  two  rivers  of  Russia,  government  of  Orenboorg, 
the  principal  of  which  joins  the  Kama  20  miles  N.W.  of 
Menselinsk,  after  a  N.W.  course  of  about  200  miles. 

Ikarma,  e-kar'mi,  one  of  the  Kooril  Islands,  Pacific 
Ocean. 

Ikazni,  e-klz'nee,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of 
Minsk,  44  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bisna.     Pop.  1200. 

Ike-Aral-Nor,  ee'ki-.Vrir-nor',  or  Ike-Aral« 
Noor,  a  lake  of  the  Chinese  Empire,  in  Mongolia,  Khalkas 
territory,  near  the  E.  frontier  of  Soongaria,  between  lat. 
47°  and  48°  N.,  and  intersected  by  the  meridian  of  90°  E. 
Ion.  Length,  40  miles;  average  breadth,  20  miles.  It 
receives  several  rivers,  but  has  no  known  outlet. 

Ikorets,  or  Ikoretz,  e-ko-r6ts',  a  river  of  Russia,  joins 
the  Don  on  the  left,  after  a  course  of  about  60  miles. 

Ikropa^  e-kro'p4,  or  Ikiopa,  e-ke-o'pi,  a  river  of 
Madagascar,  rises  in  the  province  of  Ankova,  and  falls 
into  Bembatooka  Bay,  N.W.  coast  of  Madagascar,  being 
known  during  the  latter  part  of  its  course  by  the  name  of 
the  Bembatooka.  It  is  navigable  to  Maroa-be,  about  25 
miles  from  the  sea.     Entire  length,  about  270  miles. 

I'lam,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Stafford,  9  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Cheadle. 

liambazar,  e-lam-ba-zar',  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  Beer- 
bhoom.  Lat.  23°  37'  35"'  N. ;  Ion.  87°  34'  50"  E.  It  has 
a  large  trade,  and  manufactures  of  lac,  lao  ornaments,  lac 
dyes,  indigo,  lacquered  wares,  and  wild  silk. 

IManmore%  an  island  of  the  Hebrides,  in  Scotland, 
CO.  of  Inverness,  i  mile  N.  of  Coll. 

Ilanroau,  iMan-ron',  a  small  island  of  the  Hebrides,  in 
Scotland,  co.  of  Inverness,  S.  of  Oransay. 

Ilaiiterach,  i-lan't^r-^K,  a  small  island  of  the  Hebri- 
des, in  Scotland,  co.  of  Inverness,  E.  of  Oransay. 

Il-Bassan,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Ei.-Bassan. 

Ilbono,  il-bo'no,  a  village  of  Sardinia,  30  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Cagliari.     Pop.  1341. 

Il'chester,  or  Iv'elchester  (anc.  lochaUa),  a  town 
of  England,  co.  of  Somerset,  on  the  ancient  Foss-way  and 
the  Ivel,  4i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Somerton.  It  was  a  Roman 
station,  and  a  considerable  town  of  the  ancient  Belgae. 
Pop.  of  parish,  743. 

Il'chester  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Howard  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Patapsco  River,  and  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Rail- 
road, 13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Baltimore.  Here  is  Mount  St. 
Clement's  College  (Roman  Catholic),  organized  in  1868,  also 
a  convent,  2  chapels,  a  cotton-mill,  and  a  flour-mill. 

lichi,  a  town  of  Toorkistan.     See  Khoten. 

Il'derton,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  10 
miles  N.W.  of  London.     Pop.  200. 

lie  aux  Moines,  eel  o  mw&n,  a  small  island  of  France, 
in  the  Gulf  of  Morbihan,  C8tes-du-Nord,  12  miles  N.  of 
Lannion.  It  is  the  largest  of  the  group  called  Sept  lies,  or 
Seven  Isles,  and  the  only  one  which  is  inhabited. 

lie  d'Aix,  eel  daix,  a  small  island  off  the  W.  coast  of 
Franco,  in  Charente-Inf6rieure,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Rochefort. 
It  has  a  strong  military  fort.  There  are  villages  of  this 
name  in  the  departments  of  Nord,  CorrgzO)  Cher,  and  Pas- 
de-Calais. 

lie  de  Fer,  Canary  Islands.    See  Ferro. 

lie  de  France,  in  the  Indian  Ocean.   See  Mauritius. 

He  de  France,  eel  d§h  frftxss  ("Isle  of  France"),  an 
old  province  of  France,  of  which  the  capital  was  Paris,  now 
92 


forming  the  departments  of  Seine-et-Oise,  Seine-et-Marne, 
Aisne,  Oise,  and  parts  of  Eure-ct-Loir,  Loiret,  and  Yonne. 

He  de  la  Reunion,  France.    See  Reun'ion. 

He  des  Faisans,  eel  di  fi'ziN"'  (i.e.,  "isle  of  phea«- 
ants"),  a  small  island,  formed  by  the  Bidassoa,  on  the  bor- 
ders of  France  and  Spain,  near  Irun.  Here  the  treaty  of 
the  Pyrenees  was  concluded  between  France  and  Spain, 
September  7,  1659. 

lie  des  Roches,  eel  di  rosh  {i.e.,  "isle  of  rocks"), 
one  of  the  Seychelles  Islands,  in  the  Indian  Ocean. 

He  d'Yeu,  or  He  Dieu.    See  Isle  Dieu. 

Ilek,  e-16k',  a  river  of  Siberia,  rises  in  the  government 
of  Irkootsk,  flows  N.N.W.,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  200 
miles,  joins  the  Angara. 

Hekskoi-Gorodek,  e-15k-skoi'-go-ro-d6k',  or  Het- 
ski,  e-lfit'skee,  written  also  Iletzoi-Gorodok,  a  town 
of  Russia,  government  and  78  miles  S.W.  of  Orenboorg,  at 
the  confluence  of  the  lick  and  Ural  Rivers.     Pop.  2886. 

He  I'Etoile,  eel  lA'twil',  one  of  the  Amirante  Islands, 
in  the  Indian  Ocean.     Lat.  5°  55'  S.j  Ion.  63°  4'  E. 

Ilerda,  the  ancient  name  of  Lerida. 

lies  Azores,  the  French  name  of  the  Azores. 

lies  Antilles,  the  French  for  West  Indies. 

Ilesborougli,  Maine.     See  Isleborough. 

lies  Canaries,  the  French  name  for  the  Canaries. 

lies  d'Institut,  eel  ddN»'stee'tU',  a  group  of  islands 
off  the  N.W.  coast  of  Australia,  opposite  the  entrance  of 
Admiralty  Gulf,  respectively  named  after  the  distinguished 
French  authors  Fenelon,  Montesquieu,  Pascal,  Descartc«, 
Corneille,  and  Condillac. 

lies  louiennes,  the  French  for  Ionian  Islands. 

lies  (ilz)  Junction,  a  post-village  of  Sangamon  co.,  111., 
2i  miles  S.AV.  of  Springfield,  at  the  crossing  of  branches 
of  the  Chicago  &  Alton  and  Wabash  Railroads.  It  has  a 
coal-mine. 

lies  Salomon,  the  French  name  of  Solomon  Islands. 

Ilfracombe,  il'fra-koom,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Devon,  on  its  N.  coast,  9i  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Barn- 
staple. It  has  a  fishery  and  coasting-trade,  and  is  frequented 
as  a  bathing-place.  Steam-packets  run  between  it  and  Bris- 
tol, Swansea,  and  Milford.     Pop.  of  parish,  4721, 

Ilgeldi,  il-ghdl'dee,  a  village  of  Asia,  46  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Khiva.     It  is  walled,  and  is  inhabited  by  Oozbcks. 

Ilghun,  or  Ilgun,  eePgoon',  a  large  village  of  Asia 
Minor,  43  miles  N.W.  of  Konich,  in  lat.  38°  9'  N.,  Ion.  32° 
E.,  with  some  Mohammedan  edifices,  classic  remains,  and 
two  lakes  in  its  vicinity. 

Hha,  eel'yi,  a  Portuguese  word,  signifying  "island," 
forming  a  part  of  many  names  in  Brazil,  Ac. 

Hha  das  Fedras,  Brazil.    See  Camamu. 

Hha  das  Rolhas,  eel'yi  dis  rol'yis,  a  small  Portu- 
guese island  in  the  Gulf  of  Guinea,  just  S.  of  the  island 
of  St.  Thomas. 

Hha  do  Governador,  Brazil.    See  Governador. 

Hha  do  Principe.    See  Prince's  Island. 

Hha  dos  Ovos,  eel'yi  doce  o'voce,  an  island  of  Brazil, 
state  of  Maranhao,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Bay  of  Cuma. 
Lat.  2°  4'  S. 

Hha  dos  Porcos,  eel'yi  doce  pon'koce,  a  group  of 
islets  of  Brazil,  off  the  coast  of  Rio  Janeiro,  16  miles  N.E. 
of  the  island  of  Sao  Sebastiao. 

Hha  Grande,  eel'yi  grin'di  ("great  island"),  an 
island  of  Brazil,  state  and  68  miles  W.S.W.  of  Rio  Janeiro, 
in  the  Bay  of  Angra.  Length,  15  miles;  breadth,  8  miles. 
It  produces  sugar  and  coffee,  and  has  several  good  anchor- 
ages, resorted  to  by  whale-ships.  On  its  AV.  side  is  the 
village  of  Santa  Anna.     Pop.  2000. 

Hha  Grande,  a  town  of  Brazil.   See  Angra  dos  Reis. 

Hhas  do  Almirante.    See  Amirante  Islands. 

Hhas  Verdes,  the  Portuguese  for  Cape  Verd  Islands. 

Ilhavo,  eel-yi'vo,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  4  miles 
S.  of  Aveiro,  near  the  Atlantic.     Pop.  8210. 

Ilheos,  eel-yi'oce,  four  small  islands  of  Brazil,  close 
to  the  coast  of  the  state  of  Bahia,  formerly  called  the 
Capitania  of  Jorge  de  Figueire  do  Correa,  and  now  com- 
prising one  of  the  comarcas  of  Bahia. 

Hi,  a  river  of  Asia.    See  Eelee. 

Hi,  a  town  of  Central  Asia.     See  Kooldja. 

Hiamna,  e-le-am'ni,  a  volcano  of  Alaska,  on  the  pen- 
insula of  Aliaska.  Height,  12,066  feet.  It  is  genex-ally 
in  a  state  of  activity. 

Hiamna  (or  Shel'ikoff)  Lake,  a  lake  of  Alaska, 
about  85  miles  long  and  24  miles  broad,  discharges  iti 
waters  by  the  river  Kwichak  into  Bristol  Bay. 

Hici,  an  ancient  name  of  Elche. 

Ilijah,  or  Ilidjah,  e-lid'j&,  a  village  of  Asiatio  Tar 
key  (anc.  Elegi'a),  8  miles  W.  of  Erzroom. 


ILI 


1450 


ILL 


IlUnh,  or  Ilidjnh,  »  village  of  AsinUo  Turkey,  70 
Biles  W.N.W.  of  Dilirbokir,  on  tlio  Eujihmtos. 

Ilim,  e-liin'  or  e-lcom',  a  rivor  of  biberiu,  government 
of  IrkooUk,  tributary  to  the  Angara.  Total  oourse,  180  miles. 
On  it  ii  Ilimsk,  a  fortiflod  post,  300  milea  N.  of  Irkootsk. 
Pop.  642. 

Ilini^a,  Iliniza,  e-te-neo'si,  or  Ilinissa,  e-\,e-niB'!>& 
(improperly  written  Ilinca),  a  niountnin-poak  of  the 
Andes,  in  Ecuador.     Lat,  30°  S.     Height,  17,380  feet. 

Il'iotl)  a  post-village  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  S. 
bank  of  the  Mohawk  Iliver,  on  the  Erie  Canal  and  the 
New  York  Central  llailroad,  2  miles  W.  of  Herkimer,  and 
11^  miles  E.S.E.  of  Utioa.  It  has  5  churches,  a  national 
bank,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  large  armory, 
in  which,  at  times,  nearly  lOUO  men  are  employed  making 
Remington  rifles,  pistols,  &o. ;  also  a  manufactory  of  sowing- 
machines  and  one  of  farming-implements.  A  horse-railroad 
eonneots  it  with  Mohawk.     Pop.  in  1890,  4037. 

Ilipn,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Niebla. 

Ilipn,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Olvera. 

Ilipa,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Zalamea. 

Iliseh,  e-lis'fh,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  58  miles  N.E. 
of  Diarbelcir.  It  is  named  after  the  adjacent  warm  springs. 
Pop.  5000. 

Ilissus,  e-Hs's&s,  a  little  rivulet  of  Greece,  in  Attica, 
rises  near  the  village  of  Aleti,  flows  S.AV.,  skirting  Athens 
on  the  S.,  and  enters  the  Phaleron,  a  port  E.  of  the  PiraBus, 
&fter  a  total  course  of  10  miles.  It  is  said  to  have  been 
once  a  much  more  considerable  stream ;  but  at  present  its 
waters  seldom  reach  the  sea. 

Ilitsi,  a  town  of  Toorkistan.    See  KnoTEK. 

Iliturge^  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Utrera. 

Iliyats,  a  people  of  Persia.    See  Eeleeyats. 

IPkal'j  a  town  of  the  Bombay  presidency,  India.  Pop. 
10,1. ■56. 

Il'kcston,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Derby,  on  a  railway, 
8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Derby.  The  town,  situated  on  a  lofty 
hill,  is  well  built,  plentifully  supplied  with  water,  and  well 
lighted  with  gas.  The  church  is  a  fine  ancient  edifice,  with 
a  lofty  tower,  and  there  are  several  Dissenting  chapels, 
national  schools,  a  mechanics'  institution,  and  a  library.  It 
has  manufactures  of  hosiery,  silk  edgings,  lace,  silk  mit- 
tens, and  a  silk  fabric  which  is  made  into  gloves.  A  con- 
siderable number  of  the  inhabitants  are  also  employed  in 
mining  coal  and  ironstone.  Two  canals  intersect  the  town. 
Pop.  of  parish,  9662. 

Ilk'ley  (anc.  Olicana  ?),  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
6  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Otiey.     Pop.  of  parish,  2865. 

Ill,  eel,  a  river  of  Alsace,  rises  near  Altkirch,  flows  N. 
of  Strasburg,  and  joins  the  Rhino  on  the  left.  Length,  100 
miles.     It  is  navigable  for  62  miles. 

Ill)  eel,  a  river  of  Austria,  falls  into  the  Rhine  14  miles 
S.  of  Lake  Constance.    Total  course,  about  50  miles. 

Illabasco,  San  Salvador.    See  Cojutepeque. 

Illana,  eel-yi'nl,  a  town  of  Spain,  New  Castile,  prov- 
ince of  Guadalajara,  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Madrid.  Pop.  1640. 

Illancsa,  iriun'ch5h\  a  village  of  Hungary,  in  the 
Banat,  42  miles  S.W.  of  Temesvar.     Pop.  2848. 

Illanon,  il-l&-nOn',  or  lilana,  il-l&'nd,  a  bay  of  the 
Malay  Archipelago,  forming  a  wide  inlet  of  tlie  Celebes  Sea, 
extending  into  the  island  of  Mindanao,  on  its  S.W.  side. 
Length  and  breadth,  70  miles  each. 

Illapel)  eel-yfi.-p5r,  a  town  of  Chili,  state  of  Coquimbo, 
on  a  stream  of  the  same  name,  110  mUes  E.  by  N.  of  Val- 
paraiso.    Pop.  6403.     Here  gold  has  been  mined. 

Illary,  an  island  of  Scotland.    See  Illeuay. 

Illasi,  il-l4'sce,  a  village  of  Italy,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Verona.     Pop.  2399. 

Illats,  eo'yits',  a  village  of  France,  in  Gironde,  19  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  1766. 

lliail,  il'low  (Hun.  Illava,  ilMoh'voh^),  a  town  of  Hun- 
gary. 10  miles  N.E.  of  Trcntschin,  on  the  Waag.    Pop.  1100. 

Illavla,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Ilovla. 

Illawara,  Louisiana.    See  Alsatia. 

IPIawar'ra,  a  maritime  district  of  New  South  Wales, 
CO.  of  Camden,  50  miles  S.S.W,  of  Sydney.  It  contains  a 
fine  lake  or  salt  lagoon  of  the  same  name.  Chief  town, 
■Wollongong. 

Ille,  eel,  a  river  of  France,  in  lUe-et-Vilaine,  rises  in 
the  Hang  Boulet,  flows  S.  18  miles,  and  joins  the  Vilaine  at 
Renncs. 

Illc^atown  of  France,  in  Pyrfin^es-Orientales,  on  the 
Tet.  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Prades.     Pop.  3222. 

Illc-ct-Yilaine,  eel-i-veeMin',  a  department  in  the 
N.AV.  of  France,  on  the  English  Channel,  forming  part  of 
the  old  province  of  Normandy.  Area,  2554  square  miles. 
The  surface  is  flat,  and  covered  oa  the  N.  with  forests, 


dunes,  and  marshes.  The  chief  rivers  are  the  Vilaine,  Ille, 
Couesnon,  and  Ranee.  A  portion  of  the  department  it 
traversed  by  the  canal  of  Ille  and  Ranco  on  the  N.  and  that 
of  Nantes  and  Brest  on  tho  S.  Grain,  tobacco,  hemp,  and 
flax  are  important  crops,  and  eider  is  extonsivcly  made. 
The  minerals  comprise  iron,  lead,  building-stones,  and  pot- 
ters' clay.  Manufactures  of  hempen  and  linen  thread  and 
sail-cloth  are  extensively  carried  on ;  the  other  branches  of 
industry  are  iron-forging,  glass-making,  and  tanning. 
Oysters  are  largely  exported  from  Cancale.  The  depart- 
mcnt  is  divided  into  tne  arrondisscmcnts  of  Rcnnen,  th« 
capital,  FougSres,  Montfort,  Rodon,  Suint-Malo,  and  Vitr< 
Pop.  in  1881,  615,480;  in  1891,  620,825. 

Iller,  il'I?r,  a  river  of  Germany,  rises  in  the  Tyrol,  flowi 
mostly  northward  through  Bavaria  and  along  tlie  frontier 
of  WUrtemberg,  and  joins  the  Danube  about  2  miles  above 
Ulm ;  course,  85  miles.  On  it  are  the  towns  of  Iinmcnstudt 
and  Kempten.     Its  principal  affluent  is  the  Aurach. 

Il'leray%  or  Il'lary,  one  of  the  Hebrides,  Scotland,  co. 
of  Inverness.     Length,  about  4  miles;  breadth,  IJ  miles. 

Illcrtissen^  iri?r-tis^s?n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  8wa- 
bia,  on  the  Iller,  38  miles  M'.S.W.  of  Augsburg.    Pop.  1339. 

IllescaSf  il-ySs'kls  (anc.  Illacun'x  ?),  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  of  Toledo,  22  miles  S.W.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  1601. 

IIMian'a,  a  post-ofilce  and  station  of  Edgar  co.,  III.,  on 
the  Indianapolis,  Decatur  &  Springfield  Railroad,  40  milei 
E.  of  Tuscola. 

Illiberis,  the  ancient  name  of  Elne. 

Illiberis,  the  ancient  name  of  Gravada. 

Illiers,  ee'yi'  or  ccryd',  a  town  of  France,  in  Eure-ci- 
Loir,  on  the  Loir,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Chartres.     Pop.  2216. 

Illimani,  eerye-m4'ne,  one  of  the  loftiest  mountains 
of  the  Bolivian  Andes,  East  Cordillera,  about  25  milei 
E.S.E.  of  La  Paz,  from  which  its  appearance  is  singularly 
imposing.  It  is  a  serrated  ridge,  with  four  principal  peaks, 
the  northernmost  of  which  is  in  lat.  16°  37'  50"  S.,  Ion. 
67°  49'  39"  W.  Three  of  the  loftiest  summits  are  of  the 
following  elevations,  respectively :  S.  peak,  21,149  feet  abov« 
sea-level;  middle  peak,  21,094  feet;  N.  peak,  21,060  feet. 
The  snowy  part  of  the  East  Cordillera  begins  with  the  gi- 
gantic mass  of  tlio  Illimani,  and  proceeds  in  a  continuoui 
line  of  snow-clad  peaks  to  the  group  of  Vilcanota,  where  it 
unites  with  the  Cordillera  of  the  Coast.  It  derives  its 
name  from  being  perpetually  covered  with  snow.  On  its 
N.  side  it  has  glaciers  above  the  height  of  16,350  feet.  On 
it  also  is  the  Lake  of  Illimani,  15,950  feet  above  the  sea. 

Illincze,  il-lint'sA.,  a  village  of  Hungary,  in  Slavonia, 
39  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Peterwardein.     Pop.  2473. 

Illingen,  il'ling-^n,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  WUrtem- 
berg, 17  miles  N.W.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1348. 

Illi'ni,  a  township  of  Macon  co..  111.     Pop.  821. 

Illinois,  iriin-oi'  or  iPlin-ois',  a  north-central  state 
of  the  American  Union,  lying  in  the  valley  of  the  Missis- 
sippi and  the  Great  Lakes,  and  bounded  N.  by  Wisconsin, 
E.  Dy  Lake  Michigan,  Indiana,  and  Kentucky,  S.E.  and  .S. 
by  Kentucky,  S.  and  S.W.  by  Missouri,  and  W.  by  Mis- 
souri and  Iowa.  Lake  Michigan  washes  its  northeastern 
border;  the  Wabash  separates  it  in  part  from  Indiana; 
from  Kentucky  it  is  divided  by  the  Ohio;  and  along  its 
whole  western  limit  flows  the  Mississippi,  sepjirating  it 
from  Iowa  and  Missouri.  Area,  56,650  square  miles,  of 
which  all  but  about  12  per  cent,  has  been  converted  into 
farms.  Two-thirds  of  the  farm-land  is  tilled  ground,  and 
16  per  cent,  woodland. 

Face  of  the  Country. — Illinois  is  mostly  a  level  table- 
land, elevated  from  340  to  800  foot  above  sea-level,  and 
gently  inclined  to  the  S.  Along  the  principal  rivers  there 
are  some  bluffs ;  in  the  N.W.  there  is  a  broken  tract  of  un- 
even country;  and  in  the  alluvial  districts  there  are,  in 
some  places,  deep  valleys  eroded  by  the  action  of  streams. 
In  tho  extreme  S.  there  is  a  remarkable  elevation  which 
crosses  the  state  from  Shawncetown  to  Grand  Tower,  rcacli- 
ing  a  height  of  850  feet  above  sea-level.  This  appears  to 
be  the  highest  land  in  the  state.  Another  elevation  runs 
from  N.N.W.  to  S.S.E.  across  the  state,  crossing  Rock  Iliver 
at  Grand  Detour  and  the  Illinois  at  Split  Rock.  The 
prairies,  or  open  plains,  are  in  part  very  level,  but  more 
generally  gently  undulating.  They  were,  not  many  years 
since,  very  commonly  almost  destitute  of  trees ;  but  the 
area  of  woodland  has  extended,  partly  from  the  cessation 
of  prairie-fires,  and  to  some  extent  from  the  planting  of 
forest-trees.  As  a  rule,  the  natural  forests  include  but  few 
coniferous  trees. 

Of  the  56,650  square  miles  of  Illinois,  about  37,000  be- 
long to  the  productive  coal-field,  but  nearly  all  the  state  is 
deeply  overlaid  by  the  drift.  The  extreme  S.  of  the  state 
is  tertiary  and  post-tertiary ;  the  southern  hills  reveal  De- 


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vonian  strata,  but  are  believed  to  hare  been  upheaved  after 
the  triassio  and  before  the  cretaceous  age.  The  N.  portion 
of  the  state  is  mainly  Silurian  in  its  age;  and  rocks  of 
every  age  from  that  of  the  Potsdam  sandstone  upward  are 
known.  The  coals  of  Illinois  are  widely  distributed, 
abundant,  and  easily  accessible;  but  as  a  rule  they  are 
poor  in  quality  as  compared  with  Pennsylvania  coals.  All 
are  bituminous.  Their  defects  are  the  presence  of  too 
much  moisture,  the  large  admixture  of  iron  sulphides, 
and  the  tendency  to  crumble;  but  they  are  good  steam- 
coiils,  nnd  are  well  suited  to  domestic  uses.  Nevertheless 
there  are  some  coals  of  high  grade,  like  the  Ilowlet  coal  of 
Sangamon  co.,  and  especially  the  Big  Muddy  coal  of  Jack- 
eon  CO.,  which  is  a  block  coal  of  great  excellence,  well 
adapted  for  iron-smelting.  In  1889  coal  was  mined  in  49 
counties  and  854  mines;  the  total  output  was  12,104,272 
tons.  The  iron  ores  of  the  state  are  hardly  suitable  for 
working,  except  when  mixed  with  the  better  ores  of  Mich- 
igan and  Missouri,  but  good  bog-ores  are  reported  to  be 
found  in  the  Kankakee  country.  In  the  N.W.,  zinc,  and 
especially  lead,  are  mixed  in  the  galena  limestone  (Lower 
Silurian).  The  greatest  annual  lead-product  of  the  galena 
district  (1845)  was  54,494,850  pounds.  Limestone  and 
handsome  freestones  are  quarried  at  many  places.  Copper 
ores,  gypsum,  and  marble  are  found  at  various  points.  Sa- 
line, sulphur,  and  chalybeate  springs  occur,  mainly  south- 
ward.    Lead  also  occurs  in  the  S. 

The  winter  climate  is  quite  various,  for  the  state  extends 
K.  and  S.  through  five  and  a  half  degrees  of  latitude,  the 
northern  limit  having  the  latitude  of  Salem,  Mass.,  and  the 
southern  extremity  being  farther  S.  than  Petersburg,  Va. 
The  mean  annual  temperature  is,  therefore,  about  11°  Fahr. 
higher  in  the  S.  than  in  the  N.,  while  the  variation  is 
greater  in  the  N.  The  average  rainfall  appears  to  be 
greatest  in  the  N.  central  region.  The  prevailing  diseases 
are  of  malarial  origin;  but  the  effect  of  drainage  and  culti- 
vation has  been  to  mitigate  or  banish  such  diseases  to  a 
considerable  extent.  In  the  S.,  especially  on  the  Missis- 
sippi bottom-lands,  dangerous  paludal  fevers  prevail  in 
summer  and  autumn. 

Riven  and  Lakes. — The  Mississippi,  Ohio,  and  Wabash 
afford  important  means  of  iteam-coramunication.  The 
principal  river  of  the  state  is  the  Illinois,  formed  by  the 
union  of  the  Des  Plaines  and  the  Kankakee;  and  by  means 
of  the  Illinois  A  Michigan  Canal  (from  Chicago  to  Joliet) 
it  receives  a  supply  of  water  from  Lake  Michigan,  and 
affords  ready  communication  between  the  great  lakes  and 
the  Mississippi.  Its  main  tributaries  have  also  been  fitted, 
to  some  extent,  for  navigation.  The  rivers  Sangamon,  Kas- 
kaskia,  Fevre,  Spoon,  llock,  Embarras,  and  others  have  a 
limited  extent  of  navigation.  Peoria  Lake  is  a  beautiful 
expansion  of  the  Illinois.  In  the  N.E.  are  several  shallow 
lakes  in  a  marshy  region  considerably  resorted  to  by  sports- 
men and  fowlers. 

Places  of  Interest  to  Tonrists. — The  most  interesting 
points  to  be  noted  in  Illinois  are  not  so  much  the  natural 
features  of  the  country  as  its  wonderful  agricultural  and 
manufacturing  progress,  the  growth  of  its  railroad  inter- 
ests, and  the  rapid  development  of  its  cities  and  public 
institutions.  Still  there  is  attractive  natural  scenery  along 
the  shores  of  Lakes  Michigan  ami  Peoria,  as  well  as  upon 
some  portions  of  its  rivers.  The  Cave-in  Rock,  once  a 
notorious  hiding-place  for  outlaws,  is  a  remarkable  natural 
grotto  in  Hardin  co.,  near  the  Ohio  River.  There  are  pic- 
turesque conglomerate  bluffs  on  the  Mississippi,  especially 
in  the  S.  The  Grand  Prairie,  which  extends  N.N.E.  from 
Jackson  co.  for  more  than  200  miles,  and  the  Great  Ameri- 
can Bottom,  in  the  S.W.,  a  tract  embracing  some  288,000 
acres  of  unsurpassed  fertility,  are  worthy  the  attention  of 
the  tourist.  Among  the  relics  of  prehistoric  times,  none 
perhaps  are  more  noteworthy  than  the  great  mound  near 
Cahokia.  The  wet  plains  near  the  Kankakee  abound  in 
feathered  game,  and  are  a  favorite  resort  of  shooting-par- 
ties in  the  autumn. 

Agrictdtural  Uesonrres. — No  state  in  the  Union  exceeds 
Illinois  in  agricultural  capabilities.  Spring  and  winter 
wheat,  corn,  and  other  cereals,  live-stock,  hay,  and  dairy- 
products  are  the  principal  articles  of  export. 

Fruit-culture  is  carried  on  in  nearly  every  part  of  the 
state;  but  the  hilly  belt  of  the  extreme  S.  is  regarded  as 
the  best  section  for  this  occupation.  Here  the  production 
of  apples,  peaches,  pears,  and  the  small  fruits  is  the  lead- 
ing pursuit,  and  much  capital  is  invested  in  it.  In  the 
southernmost  counties  cotton  has  been  successfully  grown. 

Manufactnrea  have  already  become  extensive  in  Illinois, 
and  by  creating  a  homo-market  for  food-products  are  re- 
acting favorably  upon  agricultural  interests.     Iron,  steel, 


steel  rails,  machinery,  castings,  pig  lead  and  zinc,  flour, 
cement,  lime,  brick,  drain-tile,  boots,  shoes,  hardware, 
watches,  cooperage,  lumber,  furniture,  farming-implements, 
bridge-work  of  wood  and  iron,  carriages  and  railroad-cars, 
leather,  saddlerj',  tobacco,  lard,  lard  oil,  soap,  whisky, 
malt,  and  malt  liquors,  woollens,  hosiery,  and  the  coarser 
and  simpler  kinds  of  manufactured  goods,  are  largely  pro- 
duced in  nearly  all  parts  of  the  state.  Chicago,  Aurora, 
Elgin,  Joliet,  Jacksonville,  Dixon,  Bloomington,  and  many 
other  towns  have  large  manufacturing  interests. 

The  fisheries  of  the  state  centre  chiefly  at  Chicago.  Lake 
Michigan  produces  wall-eyed  pike,  three  kinds  of  bass,  two 
true  pikes,  salmon-trout,  the  excellent  white-fish,  three 
species  of  sucker,  the  carp,  the  saugcr,  lake-herring  (a 
white-fish),  sturgeon,  Ac.  The  Mississippi  and  its  tribu- 
taries yield  wall-eyed  pike,  pike-perch,  buffalo-fish,  stur- 
geon, paddle-fish,  and  other  species,  many  of  them  utilized 
as  food-fishes. 

Railroads  traverse  nearly  every  county  in  the  state. 
Trunk  lines  connect  all  the  important  towns  with  one  an- 
other and  with  the  principal  cities  in  the  adjacent  states, 
extending  in  every  direction,  while  of  the  minor  or  sub- 
sidiary roads  and  branches  there  are  a  very  great  number. 
In  1846  there  were  22  miles  of  railroad  in  the  state;  in 
1850,111;  in  1855,887;  in  1860,2790;  in  1870,4823;  in 
1880,  7851;  in  1890,  10,130.  The  first  railroad  in  the  state 
was  the  Sangamon  &  Morgan,  a  part  of  which  was  opened 
in  1839.  Next  the  Galena  &  Chicago  was  undertaken  in 
1849,  and  in  the  following  year  ten  miles  were  completed. 
At  present  the  railroad  service  is  so  effective,  and  so  cheap 
that  the  transportation  of  freight  upon  the  rivers  Ohio 
and  Mississippi,  formerly  very  extensive,  is  now  greatly 
reduced.  The  lake  commerce,  centring  chiefly  at  Chicago, 
extends,  via  the  Canadian  canals  and  the  river  St.  Law- 
rence, to  the  Atlantic  ports  and  to  Europe  direct. 

Counties. — Illinois  has  (1890)  102  counties,  as  follows; 
Adams,  Alexander,  Bond,  Boone,  Brown,  Bureau,  Calhoun, 
Carroll,  Cass,  Champaign,  Christian,  Clark,  Clay,  Clinton, 
Coles,  Cook,  Crawford,  Cumberland,  De  Kalb,  De  Witt, 
Douglas,  Du  Page,  Edgar,  Edwards,  Efiingham,  Fayette, 
Ford,  Franklin,  Fulton,  Gallatin,  Greene,  Grundy,  Hamil- 
ton, Hancock,  Hardin,  Henderson,  Henry,  Iroquois,  Jack- 
son, Jasper,  Jefferson,  Jersey,  Jo  Daviess,  Johnson,  Kane, 
Kankakee,  Kendall,  Knox,  Lake,  La  Salle,  Lawrence,  Lee, 
Livingston,  Logan,  Macon,  Macoupin,  Madison,  Marion, 
Marshall,  Mason,  Massac,  McDonough,  McHenry,  McLean, 
Menard,  Mercer,  Monroe,  Montgomery,  Morgan,  Moultrie, 
Ogle,  Peoria,  Perry,  Piatt,  Pike,  Pope,  Pulaski,  Putnam, 
Randolph,  Richland,  Rock  Island,  Saline,  Sangamon, 
Schuyler,  Scott,  Shelby,  Stark,  St.  Clair,  Stephenson,  Taze- 
well, Union,  Vermilion,  Wabash,  AVarren,  AVashington, 
AVayne,  AVhite,  AVhiteside,  AV^ill,  AVilliamson,  AVinnebago, 
and  Woodford. 

The  principal  cities  are  Chicago,  on  Lake  Michigan 
(pop.  in  1880,  503,185;  in  1890,  1,099,850);  Springfield, 
the  capital  (pop.  in  1890,  24,963) ;  Peoria,  on  Illinois  River 
(41,024);  Quincy,  on  the  Mississippi  (31,494);  Rockford, 
a  manufacturing  centre  (23,584);  Joliet  (23,264);  Bloom- 
ington, a  railroad  centre  (20,048);  Aurora,  with  varied 
industries  (19,688);  Elgin,  noted  for  the  manufacture  of 
watches  (17,823);  Decatur  (16,841);  Belleville  (15,361); 
Galesburg  (15,264);  East  St.  Louis  (15,169);  Rock  Island 
(13,634);  Jacksonville  (12,936);  Moline  (12,000);  Dan- 
ville  (11,491);  Slreator  (11,414).  Cairo,  Alton,  and  Free- 
port  each  have  more  than  10,000  inhabitants,  and  the 
population  of  Ottawa  City,  La  Salle,  and  Kankakee  exceeds 
9000  in  each  case.  Other  important  places  are  Galena  (the 
emporium  of  the  lead-region),  Lincoln,  Pekin,  Champaign, 
AVaukegan,  Sterling,  Dixon,  Canton,  and  Monmouth. 

Education. — Illinois  has  a  permanent  school  fund,  the 
avails  of  which,  augmented  by  state  and  local  taxation, 
support  free  public  schools  in  every  part  of  the  state. 
There  are  also  chartered  and  private  schools  in  every  con- 
siderable town.  There  are  state,  county,  and  city  superin- 
tendents of  public  instruction  ;  high  and  graded  schools  in 
the  principal  towns;  libraries  in  many  of  the  schools;  and 
the  schools  are  sustained  by  a  generous  and  intelligent  pub- 
lic spirit.  State  normal  universities  are  maintained  at  Nor- 
mal and  Carbondale,  county  normal  schools  in  Cook  and 
Peoria  cos.,  a  German-English  normal  school  at  Galena, 
and  normal  courses  in  at  least  six  colleges.  There  are  28 
colleges  and  universities  (some  of  them  educating  students 
of  both  sexes),  besides  many  colleges  for  ladies.  The  State 
Industrial  University  is  situated  at  Urbana  and  Champaign, 
and  the  Illinois  Agricultural  College  at  Irvington.  There 
are  some  16  theological,  4  law,  and  9  medical  schools;  a 
soldiers'  college  at  Fulton  j  institutions  for  the  blind  and  foi 


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dMf-mntMat  Jooksonvillo;  insano  hospitals  at  Jaoksonville, 
Elgin,  Chicago,  and  Anna;  reform  schools  at  Puntiao  and 
Chicago;  a  slate  institution  for  feeble-inindod  youth  at  Lin- 
eoln ;  a  state  eye  and  ear  inflrmary  at  Chicago;  and  at  Joliet 
the  state  penitentiary,  where  the  convicts  are  instructed,  and 
nade  to  earn  enough  to  pay  tho  expenses  of  the  institution. 

OaMBtitHtiou. — The  first  constitution  was  adopted  in  1818, 
the  next  in  1847,  and  the  present  one  in  1870.  Among  its 
unique  provisions  is  one  for  minority  representation,  and 
all  special  and  private  legislation  is  forbidden.  Judges  are 
ehosun  by  the  people,  and  hold  their  office  for  limited  terms. 
Most  of  the  state  executive  officers,  including  the  governor, 
are  chosen  for  four  years.  The  senate  has  51  members, 
chosen  for  four  years,  in  two  classes,  so  that  one-half  vacate 
their  positions  at  the  end  of  every  two  yeitrs.  Neither  tho 
state  nor  any  county  or  town  is  allowed  to  appropriate  any 
funds  or  do  anything  in  aid  of  any  soctirian  or  church  in- 
stitution of  any  character.  Twenty-two  representatives 
are  sent  to  the  Federal  Congress. 

The  name  of  the  state  is  derived  from  that  of  the  Illinois 
confederacy  of  Indian  tribes,  chiefly  Algonquins,  who  once 
inhabited  a  large  part  of  this  state,  although  the  Sacs,  Foxes, 
lowas,  <fec.,  lived  in  the  north.  In  167*J  La  Salle  entered 
this  region  from  Canada,  and  founded  Fort  Crdvecoeuratthe 
mouth  of  the  Illinois.  Cahokia  and  Kaskaskia  were  founded 
in  1682  by  the  French,  and  the  latter  place  was  for  many 
years  the  capitn.1  of  the  colony.  The  French  lived  at  peace 
with  the  Indians,  but  the  settlements  did  not  increase 
greatly  in  population  under  their  system.  In  17(53  oc- 
curred the  conquest  of  Canada,  and  with  it  the  Illinois 
country  was  held  to  have  passed  under  English  sway,  and 
this  whole  region  was  mode  a  county  of  Virginia.  In 
1787  the  United  States  government  organized  the  North- 
West  Territory,  and  in  1800  the  Indiana  Territory,  to  each 
of  which  in  succession  Illinois  belonged.  In  1SU9  Illinois 
Territory  was  set  off,  and  was  made  to  include  all  the  country 
east  of  the  Mississippi  lliver  northward  to  British  Amer- 
ica. In  1813  the  state  was  admitted  to  tho  Union,  with  its 
present  limits.  Important  events  were  tho  Indian  wars  of 
the  territorial  period  and  the  Black  Hawk  war  of  1832. 
Springfield  became  the  capital  in  1840.  The  Mormon 
troubles  occurred  1840-44.  Tho  important  land-grant  of 
1850  in  aid  of  the  Central  Railroad  was  the  means  of 
greatly  stimulating  the  development  of  the  resources  of  tho 
state.  During  tho  war  no  state  furnished  more  men  pro- 
portionately, or  better  men,  to  the  Union  armies  than  did 
Illinois,  which  also  had  tho  honor  of  being  the  principal 
granary  and  feeder  of  the  United  States  armies.  In  1872 
occurred  the  great  fire  at  Chicago,  which,  however,  did  not 
apparently  chock  to  any  great  extent  tho  growth  of  the  city 
or  the  state  in  wealth  and  population.  A  prominent  fact 
in  the  recent  history  of  the  state  has  been  the  wonderful 
extension  of  her  railroad  system.  The  Illinois  &  Michigan 
Canal,  from  Chicago  to  La  Salle  (constructed  1836-48,  at  a 
cost  exceeding  $6,000,000),  has  since  1865  been  so  deep- 
ened, at  a  further  cost  of  some  $3,000,000,  that  water  now 
flows  through  it  from  Lake  Michigan  to  tlio  Illinois  River, 
which  indeed,  geologists  inform  us,  was  anciently  one  Of 
the  natural  outlets  of  that  lake. 

The  population  in  1800  was  2458;  in  1810,  12,282;  in 
1820,  55,162;  in  1830,  157,445;  in  1840,  476,183;  in  1850, 
851,470;  in  1860,  1,711,951;  in  1865,  2,141,510;  in  1870, 
2,539,891;  in  1880,  3,077,871;  in  1890,  3,826,351. 

Illinois,  a  township  of  Nemaha  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  385. 
It  contains  Corning. 

Illinois^a  township  of  Sedgwick  CO.,  Kansas.    Pop.  399. 

Illinois  Bayou,  bi'oo,  Pope  co..  Ark.,  runs  south- 
westward,  and  enters  the  Arkansas  River  about  12  miles 
6.W.  of  Dover.     It  is  nearly  75  miles  long. 

Illinois  Bend,  a  post-office  of  Montague  co.,  Tex. 

Illinois  City,  a  post-village  of  Rock  Island  co..  III., 
8  or  9  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Muscatine,  Iowa,  and  1  mile  from 
the  Mississippi  River.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures 
of  stoneware. 

Illinois  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  oo.,  Iowa, 
about  18  miles  N.W.  of  Marshalltown, 

Illinois  River  rises  in  Benton  co..  Ark.,  and  runs 
nearly  southwestward  into  tho  Indian  Territory.  It  enters 
the  Arkansas  River  about  22  miles  below  Tahlcquah,  which 
is  on  the  Illinois. 

Illinois  River  is  formed  by  the  Des  Plaines  and  Kan- 
kakee Rivers,  which  unite  in  Grundy  co.,  III.,  about  10  miles 
above  Morris.  It  runs  westward  through  La  Salle  co.,  and  sub- 
sequently changes  its  course  to  the  S.W.  Having  formed  the 
boundary  between  the  counties  of  Peoria,  Fulton,  Schuyler, 
and  Brown  on  the  right,  and  AVoodford,  Tazewell,  Mason, 
and  Cass  on  the  left  hand,  it  finally  runs  southward,  and 


enters  the  Mississippi  River  about  18  milos  above  Alton. 
The  length  of  the  main  stream  is  cstinmtcd  at  350  miles. 
It  is  the  largest  river  that  traverses  the  state,  and  is  navi- 
gable  through  its  whole  extent.  It  is  stated  tliat  more  tliun 
50  steamboats  navigate  this  river,  which  is  connected  by  a 
canal  with  Lake  Michigan.  The  chief  towns  on  its  bunks 
are  Peoria,  OttaWi-v,  La  Salle,  and  Pekin.  lu  i>rineiiial 
tributaries  are  the  Fox  and  Sangamon  Rivers.  Tho  llli- 
nois  traverses  a  rich,  undulating  country,  in  which  bitumi- 
nous coal  is  abundant. 

Illinois  lliver,  a  small  river  of  Oregon,  rises  in  Jo' 
sephineco.,  runs  N.W.,  and  enters  Rogue  River  in  Curry  co. 

Illiop'olis,  a  post-village  of  Sangamon  co..  III.,  in 
Illiopolis  township,  on  tho  Wabash  Railroad,  20  miles  E. 
by  N.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a  bank,  3  churches,  and  a 
graded  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  6S9;  of  the  township,  1507. 

Illisera,  irie-se-r&  (?),  a  small  town  of  Asia  Minor,  57 
miles  S.E.  of  Konieh. 

Illiturgis,  the  ancient  name  of  Andujar. 

Illkirch-Grafenstaden,  ill'kggRK-gr&'f^n-st&'d^n, 
(Fr.  lUkirch,  eerkecRsh',  or  Elkirch),  a  town  of  Germany, 
in  Alsace,  3  miles  S.  of  Strasburg.     Pop.  4739. 

Illnan,  ill'nCw,  Unter,  6Cn't?r,  and  Ober,  o'b^r,  two 
nearly  contiguous  villages  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  9 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Zurich,  on  the  Kempt.     Pop.  2731. 

Illok,  iriok',  or  Ujlak,  oo'ee-lik',  a  town  of  Slavonia, 
CO.  of  Syrmia,  with  a  port  on  the  Danube,  26  miles  W,  of 
Peterwardein.     Pop.  3127. 

Illora,  cel-yo'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  22 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Granada,  on  the  Charcon.     Pop.  3850. 

Illorai,  il-lo'ri,  or  Lorai,  lo'rl,  a  village  or  Sardinia, 
42  miles  S.E.  of  Sassari.     Pop.  1180. 

Illori,  il-lo-rcc',  a  city  of  Africa,  in  Yarriba,  50  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Rabba.  It  is  the  scat  of  a  sultan,  and  a  noted 
mart  for  trade.  Here  caravans  from  Egypt  and  Barbary 
meet  the  traders  of  the  Guinea  coast.  It  is  well  and  regu- 
larly built,  and  has  numerous  mosques.     Pop.  60,000. 

Illookst,  Illoukst,  or  Illuxt,  il-lookst',  a  town  of 
Russia,  in  Courland,  103  miles  E.S.E.  of  Mitau.     Pop.  080. 

Illova,  il-lo'vi,  a  river  of  Austria,  joins  the  Save,  after 
a  course  of  about  50  miles. 

Illuecn,  eel-yoo-A'ki,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
42  miles  W.S.W.  of  Saragossa.     Pop.  1742. 

Illyefal  va,  iryi'fol'vSh',  or  Eliendorf,  .Vle-^n-donf, 
a  town  of  Transylvania,  on  the  Aloota,  14  miles  N.E.  of 
Kronstadt.     Pop.  1320, 

Illyria,  il-llr'ia  (anc.  nii/r'icnm,  or  Itlyria  ;  Oer.  lUy- 
rien,  il-lee'rc-^n;  Fr.  Ulyrie,  ecrieeVce'),  a  division  and 
titular  kingdom  of  Austria,  bounded  N.  by  Salzburg  and 
Styria,  E.  by  Styria  and  Croatia,  S.  by  tho  Adriatic,  and  W. 
by  Italy  and  the  Tyrol.  Area,  10,937  square  miles.  It  is 
now  divided  into  the  crown-lands  or  provinces  of  Carniola, 
Carinthia,  and  KUstenland  (which  see).  It  is  very  irregular 
in  shape,  and  terminates  sharply  in  the  S.  in.  a  triangular 
peninsula.  The  surface  is  very  mountainous.  In  the  N.  a 
branch  of  the  Noric  Alps,  beginning  at  the  Gross  Gloek- 
ncr,  stretches  E.,  forming  the  boundary  between  Illyria 
on  the  S.  and  Salzburg  and  Styria  on  the  N.  Another 
branch,  forming  the  Carnic  or  Julian  Alps,  stretches  across 
the  kingdom  in  a  S.W.  direction.  The  name  is  now  of 
historical  importance  only;  but  it  has  been  applied  to  a 
region  of  exceedingly  vague  and  varying  outlines.  The 
Illyrian  language  (so  called)  is  the  Serbo-Croatian  ;  and  in 
a  wide  sense  the  term  may  include  all  the  Southwestern 
Slavic  dialects.    Total  pop.  1,430,780. 

Illyr'ia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  Iowa,  in  Illyria 
township,  about  66  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Dubuque.  The  town- 
ship is  drained  by  the  Volg.a  River,  and  contains  a  village 
named  AVadena.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1010. 

Ilm,  ilm,  a  river  of  Germany,  Bavaria,  joins  the  Danube 
near  Noustadt.     The  town  of  Pfaffcnhofen  is  on  its  banks. 

Ilm,  a  river  of  Germany,  in  Saxony,  rises  in  tho  Thu- 
ringian  Forest,  flows  N.E.  past  Ilmenau,  Ilm,  Kranichfeld, 
and  Weimar,  and  joins  the  Saale  13  miles  N.  of  Jena. 
Total  course,  55  miles. 

Ilm,  Ilmstadt,  ilm'stitt,  or  Stadt-Ilm,  stdtt-ilm,  n, 
town  of  Germany,  duchy  of  Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt,  on 
the  Ilm,  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Rudolstadt.     Pop.  2821. 

Ilmcn,  il-mSn',  a  lake  of  Russia,  government  of  Nov- 
gorod, 30  miles  in  length  from  E.  to  AV.,  by  24  miles  in 
greatest  breadth.  It  receives  the  Lovat,  Msti,  and  Schelon 
Rivers,  and  discharges  its  surplus  waters  by  the  Volkhov 
northward  into  Lake  Ladoga. 

Ilmenau,  il'm^h-nCw',  a  town  of  Saxe-AVeimar,  on  the 
Ilm,  27  miles  S.AV.  of  AA'^eimar.  Pop.  3443.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  metal  buttons,  woollens,  and  porcelain,  iron- 
and  coal-mines,  and  a  brisk  trade  in  timber. 


ILM 


1453 


INO 


Ilmcnan,  a  small  river  of  Hanover,  joins  the  Elbe 
from  the  S.  15  miles  S.E.  of  Hamburg.     Length,  60  miles. 

Il'miuster,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Somerset,  on  the 
lie.  lOi  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Taunton.  It  has  a  well- 
endowed  grammar-school,  a  free  school,  a  seminary  for  ladies, 
and  a  woollen-factory.  Many  of  the  inhabitants  are  em- 
ployed in  glove-making.     Pop.  2431. 

IIo,  or  Ylo,  ee'lo,  a  port  of  Peru,  on  the  soa-ooast,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  rivulet  called  Ho,  63  miles  by  rail  S.W. 
of  Moquegua. 

Iloilo,  or  Yloilo,  ee'Io-ee'lo,  a  town  of  the  Philippine 
Islands,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  Panay,  opposite  the  isle  of 
Guimaras.  It  has  a  large  export  trade  in  sugar,  hemp, 
canes,  sapan-wood,  and  tobacco,  and  imports  coal.  Its  port 
is  secure.  Pop.  7500.  It  is  the  capital  of  a  populous  prov- 
ince of  the  same  name. 

Iloncza,  e^lon'tsoh\  or  Ilnitza,eernit'zSh\  a  village 
of  Hungary,  co.  of  Beregh.     Pop.  1000. 

Ilopango,  or  Illabasco.    See  Cojutepequb. 

Ilorci)  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  LoRCA. 

Ilovla,  e-lov'ld,  or  Ilavia,  e-liv'li,  a  river  of  Eussia, 
government  of  Saratov  and  the  Don-Cossack  country,  joins 
the  Don  at  Ilovlinskaia,  after  a  S.W.  course  of  150  miles. 
A  canal  unites  it  with  the  Volga  at  Kamishin. 

Ilovlinskaia,  or  IIOAVlinskaja,  e-lov-lin-skl'l,  a 
town  of  Ilussia,  in  the  Don-Cossack  countrj',  on  the  Ilovla, 
near  its  confluence  with  the  Don,  50  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of 
Tsaritsin.     Pop.  3026. 

Ilpendam,  ilp'§n-dS.m\  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
on  the  North  Holland  Canal,  6  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Amster- 
dam.   Pop.  1618. 

II  Rubicone,  the  Italian  for  the  Rubicox. 

Ilsenberg,irsQn-b5RG',a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  16 
miles  W.  of  Halberstadt.     Pop.  3420. 

Ilsfeld,  ils'fSlt,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  'WUrtemberg, 
6  miles  S.  of  Heilbronn.     Pop.  1932. 

Iliiro,  the  ancient  name  of  Olorox. 

llva,  an  ancient  name  of  Elba. 

II  Vasto,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Vasto. 

Ilvcsheim,  irves-hlme\  a  village  of  Baden,  on  the 
Neckar,  4  miles  E.  of  Mannheim.     Pop.  1466. 

Ilwaco,  il-wi'ko,  a  post-hamlet  and  summer  resort  of 
Pacific  CO.,  Washington,  on  the  Pacific  Ocean,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Columbia  River,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Astoria.  It  has  a 
hotel  and  a  steamboat-landing. 

Ilz,  or  Iltz,  ilts,  a  small  river  of  Lower  Bavaria,  joins 
the  Danube  at  Ilzstadt,  a  suburb  of  Passau. 

Ilza,  il'zi,  or  Ilsha,  a  town  of  Poland,  government  of 
Radom,  on  the  Ilza,  25  miles  N.N.W.  of  Opatow.    Pop.  2754. 

Imaklit  (e-mi'kleet),  or  Ratmanoff  (rit-rajn'ofi") 
Island,  one  of  the  Diomede  Islands,  in  Behring  Strait. 
It  belongs  to  Russia. 

Imalaguan,  e-m3,-lil-gwan',  an  island  of  the  Philip- 
pines, in  the  Sooloo  Sea.     Lat.  10°  42'  N.;  Ion.  121°  E. 

Imam -Door,  Imam -Dour,  or  Imam-Dur, 
e-mim'doou'  (anc.  Bnra),  a  village  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  70 
miles  N.W.  of  Bagdad,  on  the  Tigris. 

Imandra,  e-min'dr3,,  a  lake  of  Russia,  government  of 
Archangel,  35  miles  S.  of  Kola.     Length,  60  miles. 

Iniareeyeh,  or  Imariyeh,  Arabia.    See  Aared. 

Imataca,  e-m!l-t3,'kJ.,  a  river  of  Venezuela,  after  a 
course  of  about  75  miles,  joins  the  Orinoco  on  the  right 
about  60  miles  above  its  mouth. 

Imaus,  Asia.     See  Himalaya  Mountains. 

Im'bros,  or  Im'bro,  an  island  of  the  Grecian  Archi- 
pelago, belonging  to  Turkey,  off  the  entrance  of  the  Helles- 
pont; its  highest  summit  in  lat.  40°  10'  N.,  Ion.  25°  51'  E., 
and  1959  feet  above  the  sea.  Length,  from  E.  to  W.,  19 
miles;  breadth,  10  miles.  It  is  densely  wooded,  and  has  a 
m).  of  about  4000. 

Imcrina,  Madagascar.    See  Emerina. 

Imeritia,  e-m^r-ish'e-a,  or  Imerethi,  im-§-ri'tee,  a 
former  country,  now  included  in  the  Russian  government 
of  Kootais  (which  see),  Transcaucasia,  forming  a  part  of 
the  ancient  Colchis,  having  N.  the  Caucasus  Mountains,  E. 
Georgia,  W.  Mingrelia  and  Gooriel,  and  S.  the  old  pashalic 
of  Akhalzikh.  'The  surface  is  mountainous,  well  wooded, 
and  wholly  comprised  in  the  basin  of  the  Rion  (anc.  Phasia). 
The  climate  is  moist  and  unhealthy.  The  soil  is  very  fertile. 
The  products  comprise  wheat,  barley,  sorgho,  maize,  tobacco, 
hemp,  madder,  and  a  great  variety  of  fruits  common  in 
Europe,  which  articles,  with  wine,  cotton  stuffs,  taffetas, 
wool  and  woollen  hosiery,  honey,  wax,  and  skins,  constitute 
the  chief  exports. 

Im'lay,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.,  in  Imlay 

•  township,  on  or  near  the  Belle  River,  2i  miles  from  Imlay 

City  Station,  and  about  45  miles  N.  of  Detroit.    It  has 


manufactures  of  brooms,  sash,  blinds,  and  lumber.  Th« 
township  contains  a  larger  village,  named  Imlay  City. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  2620. 

Imlay  City,  a  post-village  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.,  34 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Port  Huron,  and  12  miles  E.  of  Lapeer. 
It  has  5  churches,  a  high  school,  3  banks,  2  newspaper 
oflBces,  a  foundry,  a  flour-mill,  2  elevators,  and  2  planing- 
mills.     Pop  in  1890,  1251. 

Imlay's  Mills,  former  name  of  Jacksonville,  N.J. 

Im'laystown,  a  post-village  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J., 
1  mile  from  the  railroad  which  connects  llightstown  with 
Pemberton,  and  5  miles  S.  of  llightstown.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  about  200. 

Im'lertown,  a  post-bamlet  of  Bedford  co.,  Pa.,  in  Bed- 
ford township,  2J  miles  from  Yount's  Station,  which  is  4 
miles  N.  of  Bedford.     It  has  2  churches, 

Immenhausen,  im'm§n-how^z§n,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
in  Hesse-Nassau,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cassel.     Pop.  1311. 

Immenstadt,  im'm?n-stitt\  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in 
Swabia,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Kempten,     Pop.  2397. 

Imola,  ee'mo-li  (anc.  Fo'rum  Corne'lii),  a  town  of 
Central  Italy,  province  and  22  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Bo- 
logna, on  the  Santerno.  It  is  enclosed  by  old  walls,  de- 
fended by  a  castle,  and  well  built.  It  has  a  cathedral,  sev- 
eral other  churches  and  convents,  a  hospital,  a  theatre,  a 
college,  and  a  public  library.  It  is  a  bishoj)'s  see,  and  has 
active  manufactures.     Pop.  9355. 

Imperador,  Villa  do,  veel'li  do  cem-pi-ri-doR',  a 
town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Parahiba,  has  some  trade  in  pro- 
visions and  cotton. 

Imperatriz,  Villa  da,  veel'ia,  di  eem-pi-ri-trees',  a 
town  of  Brazil,  state  of  CearS.,  on  the  Serra  Uruburelama, 
W.  of  Fortaleza. 

Imperial,  a  river  of  Chili.    See  CAnxEW. 

Imperial,  im-pe'r§-al,  a  post-village,  the  capital  of 
Chase  co..  Neb.,  24  miles  (direct)  S.  by  E.  of  Grant.  It 
has  5  church  organizations,  3  banks,  an  academy,  and  2 
newspaper  oflSces.     Pop.  in  1890,  159. 

Imperial,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  11  miles 
by  rail  W.S.NV.  of  Montour  Junction. 

Imperial  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  about 
8  miles  N.E.  of  Grand  Rapids.     It  has  flouring-mills. 

Imphaii  Tooral,  or  Impan  Tural,  imp-hin'  (or 
imp-in')  too-ril',  or  Muth'nee,  the  principal  river  of 
Munepoor,  India,  joins  the  Khyen-Dwem  River  130  miles 
N.W.  of  Ava. 

Imphy,  S.M^fee',  a  village  of  France,  in  NiSvre,  on  an 
affluent  of  the  Loire,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Nevers.     Pop.  1437. 

Imst,  imst,  Imlist,  im'list,  or  Umbieta,  oom-be-&'t&, 
a  town  of  the  Tyrol,  on  the  Inn,  31  miles  W.  of  Innspruck. 
Pop.  2236. 

I'musdale,  a  post-oflSee  of  Monterey  co.,  Cal. 

Inaba,  c-n3,'b3.  (Chinese,  Yn-Fan),  a  coast  province  of 
Japan,  in  the  W.  part  of  the  island  of  Ilondo.  It  is  moun- 
tainous, but  fertile,  and  produces  abundance  of  silk.  Pop. 
162,842, 

Inacces'sible  Island,  the  westernmost  of  the  Tris- 
tan d'Acunha  group,  in  the  Atlantic.     Lat.  37°  6'  S. 

Inada,  e-n&'dil,  or  Ainada,  i^ni'di,  a  town  of  Euro- 
pean Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  on  the  Black  Sea,  75  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Adrianople. 

Inagna,  e-ni'gwi,  or  Great  Heneagna,  one  of  the 
Bahama  Islands,  the  largest  and  most  southerly  of  the 
group,  50  miles  in  length  and  25  miles  in  greatest  breadth. 
It  affords  salt  and  good  pasturage.  Lat.  of  N.E.  point,  21° 
18'  N.;  Ion,  73°  40'  W.  Pop.  994,  Little  Inagua  or 
Heneagua,  one  of  the  Bahama  Islands,  12  miles  north- 
ward, is  about  8  miles  in  length  by  6  miles  across. 

In'avale,  a  post-ofiice  and  station  of  AVebster  co.,  Neb., 
on  the  Republican  Valley  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Red  Cloud, 

Inca,  ing'kS,,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Majorca,  17  miles 
by  rail  N.E,  of  Palma.     Pop.  3400, 

Inch,  intch,  a  Celtic  word  signifying  "island,"  forms 
the  name  or  a  part  of  the  name  of  numerous  places  and 
islands  in  Scotland  and  Ireland, 

Inch,  an  island  in  Lough  Swilly,  co.  of  Donegal,  Ire- 
land.    Area,  3822  acres.     Pop.  1016. 

Inch-Brayock,  intch-brd'9k,  or  Ros'sic  Island^ 
a  low,  flat  island  in  the  channel  of  the  South  Esk,  in  Scot- 
land, CO.  of  Forfar,  between  Montrose  Basin  and  the  Ger- 
man Ocean. 

Inch«  Cailliach,  intch-kil'yaK  ("island  of  old 
women"),  an  island  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Stirling. 

Inch  Cape,  German  Ocean.    See  Bell  Rock, 

Inch'colm,  an  island  of  Scotland,  oo.  of  Fife,  in  tba 
Firth  of  Forth,  2  miles  S.  of  Aberdour.  On  it  are  the  ruina 
of  a  monastery  founded  by  Alexander  I,  in  1123. 


tNd 


1454 


IND 


Inch«Gar'vic,  a  rocky  iaiet  of  Scotland,  In  tho  Firth 
•f  FurtI),  o)>|)0«Ue  Quocnsforry. 

lu'chiquint  a  barony  and  island  of  Ireland,  in  Mun- 
■tor,  CO.  of  CInre.  Tho  Idlund  ia  in  Lough  Corrib.  Pop.  of 
barony,  11,510. 

Inchkcith,  intoh-kceth',  a  small  rocky  island  of  Soot- 
land,  in  the  Firth  of  Forth,  3  miles  S.  of  Kinghorn,  co.  of 
Fife,  onnosito  Loith.  It  has  a  light-house  in  its  centre, 
with  a  revolving  light.    Lat.  56°  2'  N. ;  Ion.  S"  8'  W. 

Inch-Ken'neth,  an  island  of  tho  Hebrides,  off  the 
W.  oon^t  of  Mull,  is  about  1  mile  in  length. 

Inch*Marnoch,  intoh>mar'ni;>K,  an  islet  of  Scotland, 
in  tho  Firth  of  Clyde,  oo.  and  2  miles  \V.  of  Bute. 

Inch'IMiir'rin,  an  islet  of  Scotland,  in  the  S.W.  part 
of  Loch  Lumond,  is  about  2  miles  in  length. 

Inch'Taviiiinch,  intch-tAv'^-niK  (" monks' island"), 
in  Loch  Lomond,  Scotland,  is  1  mile  long. 

Inchjr'Beaumoiit,  4N<>'8hoo'-bS'm6N"',  a  rillogo  of 
France,  in  Nord,  11  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cambrai.     Pop.  1744. 

Inciuo,  in-cbee'no,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Como,  3  miles  from  Erba.     Pop.  1056. 

Incisa,  in-choe'z&  or  in-chee'sA,  a  town  of  Italy,  14 
miles  S.Vf.  of  Alessandria,  on  the  Belbo.     Pop.  305  J. 

Incoronata,  an  island  of  Dalmntia.    Sec  CSoro.nata. 

Iii'crcasC)  a  post-office  of  AVarrcn  co.,  Tenn. 

Inculisnia,  the  ancient  name  of  Axgoul&hr. 

Indals-Elf,  in'd4ls-6ir,  or  In'dal^a  river  of  Sweden, 
la}ns  of  Jeratland  and  Hornosand,  formed  a  short  distance 
below  Ragunda,  flows  S.E.,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia 
10  miles  N.  of  Sundsvall.     Length,  60  miles. 

In'dapoor,  a  town  of  India,  district  and  84  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Poonah.     Pop.  7007. 

ludent'ed  Head«  a  peninsula  of  Australia,  in  Vic- 
toria, bounding  tho  entrance  to  Port  Phillip  on  its  W.  side. 
Area,  about  100,000  acres.  It  is  watered  by  the  Barwurn 
River,  and  consists  chiefly  of  grassy  plains. 

In^depen'dence,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Arknn- 
sas.  Area,  736  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  White 
Kiver,  and  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Black  River.  The 
surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Marble  is  found 
in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  St.  Louis,  Iron 
Mountain  A  Southern  Railroad.  Capital,  Batesville.  Pop. 
in  1870,  14,566;  in  1880,  18,086;  in  1890,  21,961. 

Independence^  a  hamlet  of  Autauga  co.,  Ala.,  about 
27  miles  W.N.W.  of  Montgomery. 

Independence,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Inyo  co.,  Cal., 
on  Owen's  River,  near  the  E.  base  of  the  Sierra  Nevada, 
about  270  miles  E.S.E.  of  San  Francisco,  and  12  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Mount  Tyndull.  It  has  a  church,  a  public  school, 
2  newspaper  offices,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop. 
about  300. 

Independence,  a  hamlet  of  Grant  and  Madison  cos., 
Ind.,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Marion.     It  has  2  churches. 

Independence,  a  post-village  of  "Warren  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Wabivsh  River,  the  Wabash  Railroad,  and  the  Wabash 
A  Erie  Canal,  16  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Lafayette.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  183. 

Independence,  a  township  of  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa, 
►'op.  960. 

Independence,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Buchanan  co., 
Iowa,  on  Wnpsipinicon  River,  and  on  the  Dubuque  A  Siou.x 
City  (or  Illinois  Central)  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Bur- 
lington, Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad,  40  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Cellar  Rapids,  69  miles  W.  of  Dubuque,  and  24  miles  E. 
of  Waterloo.  It  has  9  churches,  2  high  schools,  a  convent, 
a  Catholic  seminary,  a  free  public  library,  3  banks,  3  news- 
paper offices,  flour-mills,  machine-shops,  and  a  creamery, 
rop.  3163.  An  asylum  for  the  insane  has  been  built  by  the 
Btiite  near  this  town. 

Independence,  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa.    See  HicKonr. 

Independence,  a  post-town,  capit.al  of  Montgomery 
eo.,  Kansas,  in  Independence  township,  on  the  AV.  bank 
of  the  Verdigris  River,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Southern 
Kansas  Railroad,  38  miles  S.  by  W.  of  ilumboldt,  and  alwut 
32  miles  W.S.W.  of  Parsons.  It  is  surrounded  by  a  rich 
country,  which  is  well  watered  and  diversified  by  mounds, 
groves,  and  pniiries.  It  contains  a  court-house,  2  banks,  8 
churches,  a  United  States  land-office,  a  graded  school,  3 
steam  grist-mills,  2  planing-mills,  3  brick-yards,  a  brewery, 
a  steam-elevator,  and  manufactories  of  tobacco,  candy, 
brooms,  and  wagons.  One  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  3127. 

Independence,  a  township  of  Osborne  co.,  iKansuj. 
Pop.  277. 

Independence,  a  post-village  of  Kenton  co.,  Ky.,  on 


tho  Louisville,  Cincinnati  A  Lexington  Railroad,  12  miles  .S. 
of  Cincinnati.     It  has  a  church  and  a  court-house.     P.  134. 

Independence,  a  post-office  of  Tangipahoa  parish, 
La.,  on  tho  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  A  Chicago  Railroad,  Gi 
miles  N.  of  New  Orleans. 

Independence,  a  plantation  in  Penobscot  co..  Me 
Pop.  1S5. 

independence,  a  township  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich. 
Pop.  1274. 

Independence,  a  township  of  Hennepin  oo.,  Minn. 
Pop.  652. 

Independence,  a  post-village  of  Tate  co.,  Miss.,  9 
miles  E.  of  Coldwater,  and  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  Memphis, 
Tenn.     It  has  2  churches. 

Independence,  a  township  of  Dunklin  co.,  Mo.  P.  747. 

Independence,  a  city,  capital  of  Jackson  co.,  Mo.,  on 
the  Missouri  Pacific  and  Wyandotte,  Kansas  City  A  North- 
western Railroads,  10  miles  E.  of  Kansas  City,  4  miles  S. 
of  the  Missouri  River,  and  272  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis.  It 
contains  8  or  9  churches,  seminaries  for  each  sex,  4  banks, 
printing  offices  which  issue  5  newspapers,  a  flouring-mill, 
a  woollen-mill,  a  broom-factory,  a  foundry,  a  cigar-factory, 
and  a  pluning-mill.  It  was  formerly  the  place  where  many 
emigrants  to  California,  Texas,  Ac.,  procured  their  outfits. 
Pop.  in  1890,  6380. 

Independence,  a  township  of  Macon  co.,  Mo.    P.  964. 

Independence,  township,  Nodaway  oo..  Mo.   P.  1818. 

Independence,  township,  Schuyler  co.,  Mo.    P.  1694. 

Independence,  a  township  of  Alleghany  oo.,  N.Y. 
Pop.  1249.  It  contains  the  villages  of  Green's  Corners  and 
Wliitesvillo. 

Independence,  a  post-village  in  Independence  town- 
ship, Cuyahoga  co.,  0.,  near  the  W.  bank  of  the  Cuyahoga 
River,  12  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Cleveland.  It'  has  2 
churches,  graded  schools,  a  bank,  a  new.spapor  office,  bend- 
ing-works,  and  manufactures  of  saah,  doors,  Ac.  Pop.  about 
600;  of  the  township.  1973. 

Independence,  Richland  oo.,  0.    See  Butler. 

Independence,  a  post-village  of  I'olk  co.,  Oregon, 
near  the  Willamette  River,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Salem.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  newsjmper  office. 

Independence  (Seventy-Six  Post-Office),  a  village  in 
Independence  township,  Beaver  co..  Pa.,  4  miles  S.W.  of 
Economy.  The  townsliipcontains  2  churches,  several  grist- 
and  saw-mills,  and  a  pop.  of  728. 

Independence,  a  post-village  in  Independence  town- 
ship, AVashington  co..  Pa.,  about  34  miles  AV.S.AV.  of  Pitts- 
burg. It  has  3  churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  manufactory  of 
farming-implements.     Pop.  144;  of  the  township,  977. 

Independence,  a  post-village  of  AVashington  co., 
Tex.,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Brenham.  Here  is  Baylor  Univer- 
sity (Baptist),  which  was  organized  in  1846,  and  has  6  pro- 
fessors, al>out  100  students,  and  a  library  of  2700  volumes. 
Independence  contains  also  a  female  college,  3  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  wagons,  ploughs,  Ac. 
Pop.  in  1890,  373. 

Independence,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Grayson  co., 
A'a.,  on  New  River,  about  56  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Abingdon. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  Ac. 
Pop.  about  350. 

Independence,  a  post-office  of  Lewis  co.,  AA^'ash. 

Independence,  a  post-village  of  Preston  co.,  AV.  A'a., 
on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Graf- 
ton.    It  has  3  churches  and  a  public  school.     Pop.  273. 

Independence,  a  post-villiige  of  Trempealeau  co., 
AVis.,  30  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Winona,  Minn.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  graded  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  brick-yard.     Pop.  in  1890,  382. 

Independence  Creek,  New  York,  rises  in  Hamilton 
CO.,  runs  westward,  and  enters  Black  River  in  Lewis  co., 
about  3  miles  E.  of  Martinsburg. 

Independencia(een-dd-pin-din'8he-&)  Bay, an  inlet 
of  Peru,  on  the  Pacific  coast,  40  miles  S.  of  Pisco.  It  is 
resorted  to  for  guano. 

Independent,  \''an  Buren  co.,  Iowa.    See  HiCKonr. 

Independ'ent  Ilill,  a  post-offico  of  Rutherford  co., 
Tenn. 

Independent  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prince  AA''illiam 
CO.,  A^a.,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Bristoe  Station. 

Independent  Tartary,  Asia.    See  Toorkistax. 

Inderab,  a  town  of  Tartary.    See  ANnERAB. 

Indcrabia,  in'd^-rA'b^-i,  or  Anderabia,  An^Q-ril'- 
b^-i,  an  island  in  the  Persian  Gulf,  ofi"  the  coast  of  Persia, 
5  miles  from  tho  mainland. 

Inderghur,  or  Indergurh,  in'dgr-gQr',  a  town  of 
India,  dominion   and   85  miles  S.S.E.  of  Jeypoor.     Lat.  • 
25°  45'  N.;  Ion.  76°  18'  E. 


IND 


1455 


IND 


Inderkush,  in-d?r-koo8h',  a  village  of  Persia,  province 
of  Azerbaijan,  S.  of  Lake  Ooroomeeyah,  25  miles  E.  of 
Nakhodeh.  ^      ,  ^ 

In'dcx,  a  post-office  of  Cass  co..  Mo.,  6  miles  S.  of  Gun 
City  Station.     Pop.  of  Index  township,  795. 

Index  Peak,  Wyoming,  a  volcanic  peak  near  the 
source  of  Clarke's  Fork,  and  1  mile  N.  of  Pilot  Peak.  It 
has  an  altitude  of  about  10,500  feet.  Silver-mines  have 
been  opened  very  near  this  mountain. 

India,  in'de-a  (Fr.  /»«(/,  isd;  Ger.  and  Dutch,  Indien, 
in'de-?n ;  L.  lu'dia  ;  Gr.  'lySik,  a  name  probably  derived 
from  that  of  the  river  Indus),  often  called  Ind  by  the 
poets,  an  extensive  country  or  region  of  Southern  Asia, 
comprising  in  its  largest  acceptation  not  only  India  proper 
and  Indo-China.  but  also  at  least  the  northernmost  islands 
of  the  Indian  (Malay)  Archipelago,  thus  nearly  correspond- 
ing in  application  to  the  popular  but  vague  appellation 
East  Indies.  In  this  extensive  sense  it  was  employed  by 
the  ancient  Greeks  and  Romans.  It  more  correctly  designates 
an  extensive  empire  belonging  to  the  British  crown,  con- 
sisting of  the  great  central  peninsula  of  Southern  Asia  and 
a  narrow  strip  along  the  E.  side  of  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  between 
lat.  8<»  4'  and  36°  15'  N.  and  Ion.  06°  44'  and  99°  30'  E.  A 
part  of  this  empire  thus  belongs  geographically  to  Indo- 
China.  It  is  bounded  N.  by  the  Himalaya  Mountains,  di- 
viding it  from  Thibet  and  Toorkistan,  W.  by  a  range  sepa- 
rating it  from  Afghanistan  and  Belooohistan,  E.  by  parallel 
offshoots  from  the  opposite  extremity  of  the  Himalayas, 
dividing  it  from  Burmah  and  Siam,  and  on  the  other  sides  by 
the  Indian  Ocean.  Its  length,  from  N.  to  S.,  is  nearly  2000 
miles;  extreme  breadth,  on  the  parallel  of  28°,  1800  miles. 
It  comprises  several  native  states,  besides  the  territory  di- 
rectly subject  to  British  rule.  Over  most  of  these  the  British 
have  control,  guaranteeing  external  protection  and  internal 
tranquillity,  upon  payment  of  an  annual  tribute.  Some  of 
them  are  required  to  provide  a  native  force,  placed  at  the 
disposal  of  the  British,  to  resist  the  common  enemy.  Total 
area  of  India,  about  1,563,420  square  miles.  For  adminis- 
trative and  political  purposes,  the  possessions  of  the  British 
Empire  in  India,  with  their  dependent  native  states,  are 
distributed  as  follows,  the  areas  and  populations  being  ao- 
cording  to  the  census  returns  of  1881. 


m 


I'rosiileucies  and  Provinces  under  the 
administration  of 


vernor-General  of  India: 

Ajmeor 

Borar 

Mysore 

Oourg 

Governor  of 

Madras 

Bombay 

Lieiiteuaut-Goveruor  of 

Bengal 

Norlli-West  I'roviuces , 

Punjab 

Cbirf  OonimisKioiier  of 

Central  Provinces 

British  Bui-mab 

Assum 


Total . 


Area  in 
sq.  miles. 


2,601 
17,500 
27,077 

2,000 

138,856 
123,142 

156,200 
105,395 
104,975 

84,048 
88,556 
65,384 


905,794 


Feudatory  States  under 


Governor-General  of  India 

Governor  of  Mailriis 

Governor  of  Bombay 

Lieutenant-Governor  of  Bengal 

Lieutenant-Governor  of  North -West 
Provinces 

Lieutcnaut-Governor  of  Punjab 

Chief  C:;iimi88iouor  of  Central  Prov- 
inces  

Total.- 

Total  of  British  India 


Area  in 
sq.  miles. 


308,677 

9,815 

67,370 

38,217 

5,145 
114,739 

29,749 


574,012 


1,479,806 


Pop. 


460,722 
2,072,673 
4,186,188 

178,302 

30,808,504 
16,454,414 

06,691,456 
44,107,869 
18,850,437 

9,838,791 
6,736,771 
4,881,426 


205,927,553 


Pop. 


31,560,898 
3,344,849 
6,941,249 
2,845,405 

741,750 
3,861,083 

1,709,720 


61,005,554 


256,933,107 


The  whole  peninsula  has  a  very  regular  coast-line  of 
about  3000  miles,  the  Gulfs  of  Cambay  and  Cutch,  on  the 
AV.,  being  the  only  indentations  of  any  extent,  and  is  very 
deficient  in  harbors.  In  physical  features  India  is  ex- 
tremely diversified,  consisting  of  three  distinct  parts, — a 
central  table-land,  a  vast  circumvallation  of  mountains, 
and  a  series  of  low  plains.  The  table-land  occupies  gener- 
ally the  s])aco  between  the  Ghauts  on  the  E.,  W.,  and  S., 
an<l  the  Vindhya  Mountains  on  the  N. :  it  has  a  mean 
height  of  1400  to  3000  feet,  and  its  surface  is  sprinkled 


over  with  isolated  conical  hills,  rising  to  2000  feet  abova 
the  plain,  or  4000  to  5000  feet  above  the  sea.  It  has  a 
general  slope  towards  the  E.,  as  indicated  by  the  drainage. 
This  table-land  is  divided  into  two  portions, — the  Deccan  in 
the  N.,  between  the  Nerbudda  and  Kistnah  Rivers,  includ- 
ing the  valley  of  Berar ;  and  the  plateau  of  Mysore,  between 
the  Kistnah  River  and  the  Neilghorry  Hills.  Between  this 
and  the  Himalayas  lies  the  immense  Gangetic  plain  in  the 
E.,  comprehending  the  vast  tract  of  level  country  drained 
by  the  Ganges  and  its  affluents,  the  lower  part  of  which  is 
annually  submerged  for  several  months.  This  plain  is 
exceedingly  fertile,  and  the  most  thickly  populated  portion 
of  India.  In  the  W.  the  great  sandy  desert  called  the 
Thurr,  intersected  by  the  Indus,  extends  from  the  Punjab  to 
the  Runn  of  Cutch,  a  distance  of  about  500  miles,  with  a 
similar  breadth,  forming  part  of  the  generally  arid  region 
extending  into  Central  Asia  and  Northern  Africa.  On  the 
N.  the  mountains  present  a  huge  barrier  between  the  basins 
of  the  Indus,  the  Upper  Brahmapootra,  and  the  Ganges. 

India  has  two  distinct  river  systems,  which  draw  their 
supplies  from  totally  different  sources.  The  Indus,  with 
its  magnificent  tributaries,  which  intersect  the  Punjab,  and 
the  Ganges  and  Brahmapootra,  with  their  gigantic  branches, 
derive  their  chief  supplies  from  the  melting  of  the  snows  on 
the  Himalayas ;  and  the  more  intense  the  heat,  so  much  the 
more  plentifully  do  these  gelid  storehouses  give  up  their 
treasures.  All  the  rivers  of  the  Hindostan  system,  on  the 
other  hand, — the  Sabermuttee,  Mhye,  Nerbudda,  and  Tap- 
tee,  falling  into  the  Gulf  of  Cambay  in  Western  India,  and 
the  Godavery,  Kistnah,  and  Cavery,  discharging  themselves 
into  the  Bay  of  Bengal,— originate  in  the  western  moun- 
tains, and  are  fed  by  the  rains  which  fall  over  these,  to  the 
extent  of  100  inches  on  an  average,  during  June,  July,  and 
August.  Both  systems,  whether  fed  by  snow  or  by  rain,  are 
in  flood  at  the  same  period  of  the  year,  that  being  just  the 
season  when  moisture  is  most  required.  Both  draw  their 
supplies  from  mountains  too  rocky  or  barren  to  require 
moisture  and  too  steep  to  retain  it,  and  which  send  to  the 
ocean,  through  tracts  of  the  finest  country  in  the  world, 
supplies  of  water  sufficient  to  transform  them  into  one 
universal  garden.  Canals  of  irrigation  are  constructed  in 
India  on  a  gigantic  scale. 

The  climate  of  India  is  still  more  varied  than  the  features 
of  the  country.  The  temperature  varies  extremely,  accord- 
ing to  latitude  and  elevation.  On  the  plains,  in  the  S., 
showers  are  frequent  at  all  seasons ;  in  Central  India  the 
rains  are  extremely  light;  in  the  N.  there  are  both  summer 
and  winter  rains ;  in  Sindo  there  is  no  rainy  season,  and 
showers  fall  only  at  intervals  of  years.  Near  the  level  of 
the  sea  the  annual  rainfall  is  at  Madras  52,  at  Bombay 
75,  and  at  Calcutta  66  inches.  On  the  highlands,  again, 
the  rainfall  is  immense:  at  Chirrapoonjee,  in  the  Cossy.-i 
Hills,  it  is  615  inches  in  a  year.  As  the  result  of  this,  the 
productiveness  of  the  different  regions  presents  the  most 
striking  contrasts.  In  the  upper  and  arid  regions  of  Ben- 
gal famine  recurs  at  regular  intervals  of  eighteen  or  nine- 
teen years,  and  in  the  North-West  Provinces  at  intervals  of 
seven  to  ten  years ;  while  in  the  moist  alluvial  plains  food- 
products  are  superabundant.  The  heat  is  so  great  in  the 
plains  that  European  labor  is  impossible,  and  no  third 
generation  of  Englishmen  can  live  and  maintain  vigor 
there ;  whereas  in  the  hilly  and  mountainous  regions,  3000 
to  7000  feet  above  the  sea,  the  climate  is  healthy,  and  there 
sanataria  are  established  as  a  refuge  from  the  lowlands. 
In  the  N.  of  the  Indian  Ocean,  the  S.W.  monsoon  blows 
from  March  to  October;  the  N.E.  monsoon  succeeds,  and 
continues  from  October  to  March.  'The  S.W.  monsoon 
brings  foul  weather;  and  the  wind  blows  with  greater  force 
during  this  than  during  the  N.E.  monsoon,  when  the  sky  is 
generally  clear. 

Forests  occupy  a  large  extent  of  territory,  containing  a 
great  variety  of  useful  timber  trees;  and  forests  of  bamboo 
are  numerous.  Extensive  tracts  of  country  are  covered 
with  dense  jungles,  and  at  the  mouths  of  the  rivers,  es- 
pecially in  the  delta  of  the  Ganges,  immense  marshes,  with 
a  thick  rank  vegetation,  are  the  resort  of  formidable  wild 
animals,  elephants,  and  deer. 

The  chief  vegetable  products  of  India  are  wheat  and 
other  cereals,  cotton,  sugar,  indigo,  opium,  hemp,  flnx,  tea, 
and  timber.  Wheat  is  grown  in  great  abundance  in  the 
North-West  Provinces  and  in  the  Punjab ;  barley  and  millet 
are  extensively  consumed  by  the  population  throughout  the 
peninsula;  rice  is  the  staple  food  of  the  inhabitants  of 
Bengal  and  in  the  plains.  Cotton  is  grown  over  a  portion 
of  Bengal  proper,  Aracan,  and  Pegu;  but  the  most  im- 
portant cotton-fields  are  in  Nagpoor,  the  Southern  Mah- 
ratta  country,  Berar,  and  Guzerat.   The  sugar-cane  is  culti- 


IND 


1456 


IND 


yrmtai  nearly  »]1  over  the  peniiuuUu  Indigo  is  oultiratod, 
•o  a  Imrge  Male,  onljr  in  Uengal  proper,  whore  it  is  the 
staple  product,  and  nhenee  it  is  exported  to  the  amount  of 
11^  miUiont  of  pounds  weight  in  a  jear.  Opium  is  pro> 
ia«adin  greatest  abundance  in  the  districts,  of  the  Ganges, 
ia  Bengal,  and  in  Malwah,  whence  it  is  exported  througli 
Bombay.  Tea  has  been  grown  for  years  in  Assam ;  lately 
it  has  been  oultirated  over  extensive  tracts  on  the  slopes  of 
the  Uimalayas,  where  it  grows  at  an  eleration  of  6000  feci. 
Tea  is  grown  also  in  the  Neilgherries,  where  coffee  is  ex- 
tanairaly  oultirated;  and  the  cinchona  plant  has  been 
■MKMsafully  introduced  there,  and  at  Darjoeling,  Ac.  The 
mott  valuable  timber  is  the  teak;  it  growd  wild  in  the 
mountainous  parts  of  Malabar  and  the  Coromandel  coast, 
in  the  Punjab,  the  ralley  of  the  Nerbudda,  the  Tenasserim 
prorinces,  and  Pegu. 

Iron  and  coal  are  extensively  worked  near  Burdwan  in 
Bengal  and  Jubbulpoor  in  the  Central  Provinces;  iron  and 
copper  are  distributed  nearly  all  over  India:  coal  is  found 
also  in  the  Tenasserim  provinces,  Cuttack,  Bahar,  Lower 
Assam,  Sylhet,  Aracan,  Central  Provinces,  Gnzorat,  Madras, 
and  Upper  Assam.  Silver  is  found  in  small  quantities  in 
the  jungles  of  Beerbhoom  ;  gold  and  precious  stones  in  the 
rivers  of  Tenasserim,  the  Punjab,  and  on  the  coast  of  Mala- 
bar ;  diamonds  in  the  districts  of  Sumbolpoor,  Golconda,  and 
Vitnpoor.  Salt  (a  government  monopoly)  is  extracted  from 
•ea-water  on  a  large  scale,  and  from  the  mines  of  the  salt 
mountains  in  the  Punjab. 

The  xoology  of  India  comprises  the  elephant,  tiger, 
leopard,  panther,  wolf,  hyena,  lion  (which  is  rare),  wild 
buffalo,  bear,  jackal,  deer,  and  monkeys.  Crocodiles,  ser- 
pents, and  other  reptiles  are  numerous.  Domestic  animals 
are  the  horse,  camel,  buffalo,  ox,  sheep,  goat,  and  swine. 

In  consequence  of  large  expenditure  for  public  works, 
famine-relief,  &c.,  the  public  debt  of  the  empire  is  large, 
and  fixation,  though  apparently  light,  bears  neavily  upon 
a  people  where  the  rate  of  wages  is  so  low  as  in  India. 

Itestrictions  which  hindered  commerce  and  retarded  the 
development  of  the  resources  of  the  country  have  been 
gradually  removed  within  the  last  twenty  years,  and  India 
now  enjoys  free  trade,  except  in  some  few  of  the  staples ; 
the  dues  on  British  and  foreign  shipping  are  the  same. 
The  inland  duties  and  duties  on  goods  carried  coastwise  are 
abolished.  Exports  include  cotton,  rice,  seeds,  indigo,  hemp, 
jute,  hides,  saltpetre,  wool,  silk,  coffee,  sugar,  gums,  opium, 
oils,  tea,  skins,  teak,  safflower,  ivory,  coir  rope,  cutch,  &c., 
to  the  value  of  £56,874,849.  Of  the  exports,  about  one- 
half  are  sent  to  the  United  Kingdom  and  une-fifth  to  China. 

Great  public  works  have  been  completed  in  India  within 
the  last  few  years.  Among  these  are  the  Ganges,  Jumna, 
Midnapoor,  Agra,  and  Doab  Canals,  the  Godavery,  Kistnah, 
and  Cavery  weirs,  for  irrigation,  and  a  magnificent  system 
of  railways,  in  making  which  the  greatest  engineering  diffi- 
culties have  been  overcome. 

About  123,000  men  are  employed  in  the  British  military 
service  of  India,  one-half  of  them  Europeans.  Many  low- 
caste  Hindoos  are  employed  as  coolies  or  laborers  in  various 
tropical  countries. 

In  this  extensive  country  a  great  diversity  of  language 
prevails.  In  Upper  India  the  numerous  and  various  dialects 
are  of  Indo-European  stock,  allied  in  roots  to  the  Sanscrit, 
the  most  important  being  Hindee  and  Bengalee ;  in  South- 
ern India  the  leading  tongues  are  Tamil,  Teloogoo,  and  Ca- 
naresc,  all  Dravidian.  Uindooftanee  is  the  language  of  most 
of  the  Mohammedans,  and  the  linr/ua  franca  of  the  whole 
peninsula.  Brahmanism  prevails  throughout  India  proper. 
Booddhism  is  the  religion  of  British  Burmah  and  of  some 
of  the  tribes  on  the  slopes  of  the  Himalayas.  Devil-  and 
fetish-worship  prevail  among  the  aboriginal  tribes.  In  the 
Punjab,  which  was  subjected  to  British  rule  in  1849,  the 
inhabitants  are  partly  Sikhs,  or  disciples  of  Xanak,  who 
bear  an  implacable  hatred  to  the  Mohammedans,  who  also 
abound  there.  Of  the  total  population  of  257,000,000,  the 
numbers  assigned  to  the  various  religions  are  about : 
Hindoo,  190,000,000;  Sikhs,  1,800,000;  Mohammedans, 
60,000,000 ;  BooddhieU  and  Jains,  4,600,000 ;  Christians, 
1,850,000;  others,  6,000,000;  and  of  unknown  religion, 
100,000.  Since  the  census  was  taken  there  has  been  a 
remarkable  increase  in  the  number  of  native  Christians, 
especially  in  the  southern  districts.  The  aboriginal  races 
of  India  have  no  literature,  and  almost  no  traditions.  The 
Mohammedan  invasion  of  India  began  in  the  eleventh  and 
was  completed  in  the  fifteenth  century;  but  most  of  the 
Mohammedans  now  in  India  spring  from  a  Brahmanical 
stock.  The  Arabs  or  Siddees  of  Central  India  and  the  Con- 
enn  came  in  successive  hordes  from  Arabia  and  Africa. 
The  Parsees,  or  fire-worshippers,  were  refugees  from  the 


religious  persecution  of  Persia.  Though  small  in  number, 
they  have  in  Bombay  earned  a  distinguished  name  for 
public  munificence,  skill,  and  success  in  commerce;  and 
they  have  led  the  way  in  the  cause  of  female  education. 
The  government  of  India  has  for  some  years  past  been 
devoting  laudable  attention  to  education,  which  was  put  on 
a  new  footing,  with  universities  in  each  of  the  capital  cities, 
in  1854.  English  is  taught  in  Kll  its  schools,  and  is  highly 
prized  by  the  native  youth  of  India  as  a  means  of  employ, 
ment  in  government  and  mercantile  offices.  In  the  great 
and  highly  important  literary  records  of  ancient  India  there 
is  a  singular  paucity  of  historical  information. 

Alexander  the  Great  invaded  and  partly  subdued  the 
country.  About  126  B.C.  it  was  again  invaded  by  the  Tar* 
tars.  From  the  tenth  to  the  twelfth  centuries  of  the  Chris- 
tian era  the  Mohammedans  overran  and  conquered  consid- 
erable portions  of  India ;  and  subsequently  the  Mogul  empire 
was  established.  In  1498  India  was  first  visited  by  Vasco 
da  Gama,  and  subsequently  the  Portuguese,  the  Dutch,  and 
the  Danes  established  settlements  on  the  peninsula;  but  the. 
former  never  acquired  more  than  a  paltry  territory  on  tb« 
W.  coast,  and  the  two  latter  a  few  commercial  factories. 
The  French  influence  in  India,  at  one  time  considerable, 
also  yielded  to  the  superior  enterprise  of  the  British,  and 
finally  the  French  relinquished  the  field.  In  1625  the  first 
English  settlement  was  made  by  a  company  of  merchants, 
in  a  small  spot  on  the  Coromandel  coast  of  5  square  miles, 
transferred  in  1653  to  Madras.  A  short  time  previously  a 
settlement  had  also  been  obtained  which  afterwards  be- 
came the  Calcutta  station.  In  1687  Bombay  was  erected 
into  a  presidency.  In  1773,  by  an  act  of  the  British  legis- 
lature, the  three  provinces  were  placed  under  the  adminis- 
tration of  a  governor-general,  and  Calcutta  was  made  the 
seat  of  a  supreme  council,  the  presidencies  of  Madras  and 
Bombay  being  made  subordinate  to  that  of  Bengal.  Hith- 
erto the  affairs  of  India  had  been  managed  by  the  Com- 
pany, but  in  1784  a  board  of  control  was  appointed  by 
government,  the  president  of  which  became  secretary  of 
state  for  India  in  1858.  Since  the  year  1750,  when  the 
warlike  SMSquisition  of  territory  commenced  under  Lord 
Clive,  a  succession  of  conquests,  almost  forced  upon  the 
British  contrary  to  their  inclinations,  have  placed  nearly 
all  of  India  under  their  sway.  The  governor-general, 
assisted  by  an  executive  council  of  five,  and  by  a  legislative 
council,  in  which  the  non-official  and  native  communities 
are  represented,  has  the  power  of  making  laws  for  British 
India,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  home  government; 
and  he  has  the  sole  direction  of  the  army,  which  is  under 
the  control  of  a  commander-in-chief.  In  May,  1857,  the 
Bengal  native  troops  mutinied,  and  massacre<l  many  Eu- 
ropeans. In  November,  1858,  a  proclamation  was  issued 
conferring  the  sovereignty  of  India  on  the  British  crown. 
In  June,  1859,  Oude  was  subjugated,  and  order  restored. 
The  Central  Provinces  and  British  Burmah  were  consol- 
idated in  1861-62,  each  under  a  chief  commissioner,  di- 
rectly subject  to  the  governor-general.  In  1876  the  British 
sovereign  assumed  the  title  of  Empress  of  India. 

Indin,  in'de-a,  a  township  of  Plumas  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  8S0. 

India,  a  post-office  of  East  Carroll  parish,  La. 

Indian,  in'dc-an,  or  Indiantown,  in'dc-an-town,  a 
township  of  AVilliamsburg  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1147. 

Indiana,  in'de-an'a,  a  state  of  the  American  Union, 
extending  from  Lake  Michigan  to  the  Ohio  River,  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  Lake  Michigan  and  the  state  of  Michigan,  on 
the  E.  by  Ohio,  on  the  S.E.  and  S.  by  Kentucky,  and  on 
the  W.  by  Illinois.  Its  northern  limit  is  the  parallel  of  41° 
46'  N.  lat.  Its  eastern  line  runs  due  N.  from  the  mouth 
of  the  Great  Miami  River;  the  Ohio  River  separates  it 
from  Kentucky,  and  the  Wabash  from  Illinois,  below  the 
point  where  that  river  first  reaches  the  meridian  of  87°  30' 
W.,  which  meridian  is  the  western  boundary  of  the  state 
from  that  point  northward  to  Lake  Michigan.  Area, 
36,350  square  miles. 

The  Face  of  the  Country  has  generally  a  slight  southern 
slope.  In  the  extreme  N.W.  is  a  sandy  tract,  covered  with 
dunes,  to  the  southward  of  which  occurs  a  flat  region,  con- 
taining much  marsh-land  and  a  number  of  shallow  lakes. 
The  N.E.  abounds  in  little  lakes,  with  much  timber,  inter- 
spersed with  "oak  openings"  and  prairie-land.  Northward 
from  the  White  and  Wabash  the  country  is  generally  level 
or  gently  rolling,  with  very  little  absolutely  waste  land ; 
and  much  of  the  soil  is  exceedingly  fertile.  In  the  S.  and 
S.W.  there  is  much  broken  and  bluffy  land,  especially  near 
the  streams,  where  the  country  is  generally  well  wooded. 
The  timber  of  the  state  is  very  generally  of  the  hard-wood 
kinds.  Oak  forests  abound,  especially  northward.  Ash, 
hickory,  maple,  whitewood,  black  walnut,  and  other  useful 


IND 


1457 


IXD 


trees  are  plentiful.  Of  coniferous  trees,  the  N.W.  afibrds 
pines;  tainaracif  trees  abound  in  many  marshy  regions, 
and  the  cypress  grows  in  the  S.W. 

The  northwestern  and  southeastern  parts  of  the  state  be- 
long to  the  Silurian  system;  and  between  these  areas  that 
system  is  mainly  overlaid  by  Devonian  and  subcarbonifer- 
ous  strata,  and  in  the  limestone  regions  of  the  S.  occur 
some  remarkable  and  interesting  caves.  In  the  S.W.  and 
W.  there  are  import<ant  coal-fields.  From  Rome,  on  the 
Ohio,  to  Williamsport  (150  miles),  there  extends  a  strip  of 
coal-land  averaging  3  miles  in  width  and  having  a  general 
N.N.W.  direction.  This  is  the  zone  of  "  block  coal,"  a 
valuable  non-caking  or  splint  coal,  highly  prized  for  its 
adaptation  to  the  manufacture  of  steel  and  the  better  grades 
of  iron.  It  is  believed  to  underlie  some  450  square  miles, 
or  2SS,000  acres,  and  is  easily  mined  in  square  blocks, 
whence  the  name.  This  belt  also  contains  ordinary  coking 
coal  of  good  quality.  Westward  of  this  belt  there  is  another 
coal  region,  of  over  6000  square  miles,  producing  mostly  a 
good  coking  coal.  Near  Brazil,  Clay  co.,  are  the  principal 
points  where  block  coal  is  mined.  Washington,  Daviess 
CO.,  afords  fine  gas  coal;  and  Cannelton  has  important 
mines  of  cannel  coal.  The  coals  of  Indiana  are  generally 
much  better  than  those  of  the  states  farther  west.  The 
output  of  coal  in  1887  was  considerably  over  3,000,000 
tons,  a  production  greater  than  in  any  previous  year. 
Owing  to  the  discovery  of  natural  gas  in  that  year,  there 
was  a  decline  in  the  demand  for  coal  until  1890,  when  the 
product  was  again  largely  increased.  The  gas-field  of 
Indiana  is  greater  than  that  of  either  Ohio  or  Pennsyl- 
Tania,  and  more  than  70  cities  and  towns  are  supplied  with 
this  cheap  fuel.  The  iron-product  has  become  very  con- 
siderable; but  the  ores  are  mainly  from  tho  Lake  Superior 
region  or  from  Missouri  and  Tennessee.  Bog  ore  and  local 
deposits  of  higher  grades  of  iron  exist,  however,  and  in 
gome  places  have  been  wrought.  Other  minerals  are  fire- 
brick and  fictile  clays,  kaolin,  limestone,  and  good  sand- 
stone. Salt  springs  exist,  and  other  springs  yielding  me- 
dicinal waters  are  common  in  the  S.  part  of  Indiana. 
Epsom  salts  and  saltpetre  have  been  obtained  from  the 
nuth  of  some  of  the  caves. 

In  Agriculture  this  state  takes  a  leading  position,  both 

na  a  grain-producing  and   as  a  stock-raising  state.     The 

cereal  crops,  hay,  live-stock,  provisions,  flour  and  meats, 

potatoes,  tobacco,  dairy-products,  fruit,  timber,  and  other 

tfprest  products  are  the  chief  articles  of  export. 

In  1813  the  Swiss  settlers  of  Vevay  started  wine-culture 

';that  point,  and,  though  it  did  not  thrive  for  some  time, 

he  manufacture  of  wine  has  now  become  an  established  in- 

try.    Other  products  of  large  aggregate  value  are  grass- 

and   clover-seeds,    linseed,  maple   sugar,   sorghum   syrup, 

pulse,  sweet  potatoes  (in  the  S.),  honey,  and  wax. 

ilanu/iictures. — We  have  already  noticed  incidentally 
the  manufactures  of  iron,  lumber,  cheese,  Ac,  all  of  them 
of  importance.  To  these  we  may  add  those  of  flour,  wool- 
lens, machinery,  carriages  and  railway-cars,  castings,  fur- 
niture, starch,  bricks,  saddlery,  cooperage,  beer,  malt,  spirits, 
packed  meats,  and  agricultural  implements. 

The  rivers  naturally  navigable  are  the  Ohio,  the  Wabash, 
and  parts  of  the  White,  Maumee,  and  a  few  other  streams. 
The  Wabash  is  not  now  navigated  above  Lafayette,  although 
slackwater  navigation  once  was  maintained  in  parts  of  its 
upper  course  in  connection  with  the  Wabash  &  Erie  Canal, 
which  descended  the  Maumee  to  Toledo,  0.  The  White- 
water Canal  extends  from  Ilagerstown  to  Lawrenceburg,  75 
miles,  and  aflbrds  good  water-power  at  the  latter  point.  The 
railroad  system  extends  to  almost  every  part  of  the  state, 
and  has  greatly  limited  the  navigation  of  canals  and  rivers. 
In  1847  the  Madison  A  Indianapolis  Railroad  was  opened. 
In  that  year  there  were  42  miles  of  railroad  in  the  state ; 
in  1 850,  228  miles  ;  in  1 855, 1406  miles ;  in  1860,  2163  miles; 
in  1865,  2217  miles;  in  1870,  3177  miles;  in  1880,  4373  miles; 
in  1890,  6106  miles.  The  main  lines  belong  principally  to 
the  E.  and  W.  systems,  and  carry,  besides  the  proper  com- 
merce and  travel  of  the  state,  immense  values  of  freight  to 
and  from  the  states  to  the  westward  and  the  eastward. 

Education. — The  free-school  fystem  is  maintained  by  a 
fund  of  nearly  $10,000,000,  There  are  state  and  county 
boards  of  education,  state,  county,  and  city  superintendents, 
township  libraries,  county  and  township  teachers'  insti- 
tutes, graded  schools  in  the  thickly-settled  districts,  high 
schools  in  the  larger  towns,  and,  in  part,  a  separate  school 
system  for  colored  children.  A  uniform  series  of  text  books 
for  the  public  schools  in  Indiana  is  provided  by  the  author- 
ity of  the  state.  The  State  University  at  Bloomington 
receives  the  graduates  of  the  high  schools,  male  and  female, 
and  is  free  to  all.     Purdue  University,  at  Lafayette,  is  the 


state  agricultural  and  mechanical  school,  embracing  schools 
of  natural  science,  engineering,  agriculture,  and  military 
science,  with  five  special  or  post-graduate  professional 
courses.  There  are  in  the  state  a  number  of  denomina- 
tional and  private  universities  and  colleges,  and  several 
collegiate  institutions  for  women.  There  are  state  normal 
schools  at  Covington,  Indianapolis,  and  Terre  Haute,  and 
private  normal  schools  at  Angola,  Mitchell,  and  Valparaiso ; 
several  schools  of  law,  medicine,  and  theology,  and  many 
private  schools  of  various  grades.  There  are  at  Indian- 
apolis state  schools  for  the  blind  and  for  deaf-mutes ;  re- 
form school  for  girls  and  women  at  Indianapolis,  for  boys 
at  Plainfield;  state  and  other  hospitals  for  the  insane  and 
other  unfortunates;  state  prisons  at  Jefi"ersonvilIe  and 
Michigan  City;  and  orphanages  and  other  charitable  in- 
stitutions, mostly  private,  in  nearly  all  the  larger  towns. 

The  Counties  are  92  in  number,  to  wit:  Adams,  Allen, 
Bartholomew,  Benton,  Blackford,  Boone,  Brown,  Carroll, 
Cass,  Clarke,  Clay,  Clinton,  Crawford,  Daviess,  Dearborn, 
Decatur,  De  Kalb,  Delaware,  Dubois,  Elkhart,  Fayette, 
Floyd,  Fountain,  Franklin,  Fulton,  Gibson,  Grant,  Greene, 
Hamilton,  Hancock,  Harrison,  Hendricks,  Henry,  Howard, 
Huntington,  Jackson,  Jasper,  Jay,  Jefferson,  Jennings, 
Johnson,  Knox,  Kosciusko,  La  Grange,  Lake,  La  Porte, 
Lawrence,  Madison,  Marion,  Marshall,  Martin,  Miami, 
Monroe,  Montgomery,  Morgan,  Nowton,  Noble,  Ohio,  Orange, 
Owen,  Parke,  Perry,  Pike,  Porter,  Posey,  Pulaski,  Putnam, 
Randolph,  Ripley,  Rush,  Scott,  Shelby,  Spencer,  SUrke, 
Steuben,  St.  Joseph,  Sullivan,  Switzerland,  Tippecanoe, 
Tipton,  Union,  Vanderburg,  Vermilion,  Vigo,  Wabash, 
Warren,  Warrick,  Washington,  Wayne,  Wells,  White,  and 
Whitley. 

Cities  and  Totont. — Of  these,  the  principal  are  Indian- 
apolis, the  capital,  a  great  railroad  and  manufacturing 
centre  (pop.  in  1880,75,056;  in  1890,  105,436);  Evans- 
ville,  on  the  Ohio,  the  commercial  centre  of  the  S.W.  (pop. 
in  1890,  50,756);  Fort  Wayne,  on  the  Maumee,  the  empo- 
rium of  the  N.E.  (35,393) ;  Terre  Haute,  on  the  Wabash, 
an  active  commercial  and  educational  centre  (30,217); 
South  Bend,  on  St.  Joseph's  River,  a  manufacturing  and 
commercial  town  (21,819)  ;  New  Albany,  noted  for  its  iron, 
woollen,  and  glass  manufactures  (21,059);  Richmond,  a 
railroad  centre  with  valuable  water-power  and  varied  manu- 
factures (16,608) ;  Lafayette,  with  an  extensive  grain  trade 
(16,243);  Logansport,  a  manufacturing  town  (13,328); 
Elkhart(ll,360);Muncie(ll,345);  Michigan  City  (10,776); 
Anderson  (10,741);  Jeffersonville  (10,666).  There  are 
altogether  .37  cities  having  a  population  of  more  than  4000 
each.  Several  new  and  promising  towns,  such  as  Knights- 
ville,  Brazil,  Ac.,  have  sprung  up  with  the  growth  of  iron- 
manufacture  and  the  mining  of  block  coal. 

Finances. — The  State  debt  of  Indiana  was  in  1890 
$8,540,615.12.  Since  1887  the  annual  expenditures  have 
exceeded  the  revenue  by  about  $500,000.  The  county  debts 
have  largely  increased  since  1880,  and  in  1890  but  18 
counties  were  out  of  debt.  A  large  portion  of  the  original 
debt  contracted  years  ago  was  taken  up  by  the  state  and 
converted  into  non-negotiab!e  school-fund  bonds. 

Constitution,  Laws,  ttc. — The  first  constitution  of  the  state 
was  adopted  in  1816  ;  that  now  in  force  was  framed  in  1851, 
and  has  since  been  somewhat  modified.  The  governor  is 
chosen  for  a  term  of  four  years,  most  of  the  other  important 
executive  officers  for  two  years.  The  legislature  meets  every 
two  years.  The  50  senators  are  chosen  for  terms  of  four 
years,  and  the  100  representatives  for  terms  of  two  years. 
The  judicial  officers  are  elected  by  the  people  for  limited 
terms  of  service.  Thirteen  representatives  are  sent  by  th« 
state  to  the  Congress  of  the  United  States. 

History. — Permanent  but  not  extensive  settlements  were 
made  by  the  French  at  Corydon,  and  at  Vincennes  in  1702. 
In  1763  the  country  came  under  British  sway,  and  in  1783 
was  organized  as  the  Northwest  Territory,  which  included 
all  the  United  States  territories  N.  of  the  Ohio.  From  1783 
to  1791  a  harassing  Indian  war  was  waged.  Indiana  Ter- 
ritory was  organized  in  1800;  and  at  one  time  its  limits 
included  the  present  states  of  Illinois,  Michigan,  Wiscon- 
sin, and  parts  of  Minnesota  and  of  Ohio.  Michigan,  as  a 
territory,  was  set  off  in  1805,  but  did  not  have  all  its  pres- 
ent area.  Illinois  Territory  was  detached  in  1809,  but  In- 
diana did  not  receive  its  present  limits  until  1816,  when 
it  was  admitted  into  the  Union  as  a  state ;  while  there  was 
even  then  a  remainder  of  the  former  Indiana  Territory  left 
undisjxised  of  in  the  Lake  Superior  country,  but  in  1818 
this  was  transferred  to  Michigan.  Meanwhile  the  Indian 
troubles  had  culminated  in  the  Shawnee  war  and  the  defeat 
of  Tecumseh  at  Tippecanoe  (1811).  The  British  w.ar  of 
1812-15,  the  expulsion  of  the  Indians,  the  admission  of  Iii> 


IND 


1453 


iKrD 


diana  to  tlio  Union  (1810),  and  tho  depreesion  of  industrial 
and  coinincrcirti  |uir«ult4  in  tho  Kast  woro  followed  by  a 
largo  iinmignition  to  this  now  and  beautiful  re){ion,  and  by 
m  poriod  of  groat  prosperity,  which  ultimntoly  wii«  over- 
■tiiuulatod  into  an  unhealthy  fevor  of  gpooulation  common 
U>  all  tho  \VV->t,  iind  tho  oollnpso  of  an  urtiticial  and  oom- 
plioutod  linuncial  system  was  prooij)itatod  in  1837  by  the 
ohaiigos  which  had  tal(en  place  in  the  financial  policy  of 
the  general  government.  The  orash  that  followed  and  in- 
rolved  so  many  thousands  in  distress  was  ultimately  a  ben- 
efit to  the  state,  by  destroying  the  factitious  and  illusory 
values  that  then  prevailed  ;  and  in  1848  the  state  by  a  for- 
tunate turn  of  affairs  was  enable<l  to  oast  off  half  her  large 
debt  unpaid,  yet  without  repudiating  a  dollar.  The  record 
of  Indiana  in  the  war  of  1801-65  was  highly  honorable, 
and  she  bore  hor  jmrt  without  incurring  tho  heavy  war  debts 
that  bare  so  weighed  upon  many  othor  states. 

Tho  population  in  1800  was  6641,  of  which  4875  were 
within  the  present  state  limits;  in  1810,  24,520,  chiefly  in 
the  present  rimits;  in  1815,60,074;  in  1820,  147,178;  in 
1825,224,717;  in  18:10,  348,031  ;  in  1835,486,053;  in  1840, 
685,866;  in  1845,  823,410;  in  1850,  988,416;  in  1854, 
1,143,'J05;  in  1860,  1,350,428;  in  1866,  1,531,080;  in 
1870,  1,680,637;  in  1880,  1,978,301;  in  1890,  2,192,404. 

Indiana,  a  county  in  the  W,  central  part  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, has  an  area  of  about  830  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  S.  by  tho  Conemaugh  River,  and  is  also  drained  by 
Mahoning,  Black  Lick,  and  Two  Lick  Creeks.  The  surface 
is  hilly,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil 
is  mostly  fertile,  and  adapted  to  pasturage.  Oats,  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  butter,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  has  mines  of  bituminous  coal  and  iron  ore, 
also  salt  springs.  The  PennsylvKnia  Railroad  passes  along 
the  S.  border  of  this  county,  and  a  branch  of  that  road  ter- 
minates at  Indiana,  which  is  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
36,138;  in  1880,  40,527;  in  1890,  42,175. 

Indiana,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Indiana  co..  Pa., 
42  miles  direct  and  86  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Pittsburg,  and 
40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Altoona.  It  contains  a  state  normal 
school  which  cost  about  $175,000,  8  churches,  a  national 
bank,  2  other  banks,  6  newspaper  offices,  lumber-mills,  flour- 
mills,  and  a  foundry.     Pop.  in  1890,  1963. 

Indianapolis,  in-de-an-ap'^-lis,  a  city,  the  capital  of 
Indiana,  and  of  Marion  co.,  is  on  the  West  Fork  of  White 
River,  109  miles  N.W.  of  Cincinnati,  and  195  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Chicago.  Lat.  39°  60'  N. ;  Ion.  86°  5'  W.  It  is  within 
35  miles  of  the  exact  centre  of  population  of  the  United 
States.  The  site  is  nearly  level,  and  covers  an  area  of  25 
square  miles.  The  streets  generally  cross  one  another  at 
right  angles,  except  four  wide  diagonal  avenues,  which 
converge  at  the  business  centre  of  tho  city.  Many  of  the 
streets  are  about  100  feet  wide.  This  city  contains  a  fine 
court-house,  the  state  institution  for  the  deaf  and  dumb,  a 
hospital  for  the  insane,  the  Indiana  blind  institute,  124 
churches,  a  state  library,  a  public  library,  a  masonic  hall, 
an  art  school,  3  medical  colleges,  a  city  hospital,  6  national 
banks,  and  a  private  bank.  A  new  capitol  building  has 
been  erected  at  a  cost  of  $2,000,000.  Among  the  notable 
public  buildings  may  be  mentioned  the  Commercial  Club, 
the  Propylseum,  the  Chamber  of  Commerce,  and  an  academy 
of  music.  Eight  daily  and  28  weekly  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished here.  Indianapolis  is  the  most  populous  city  of  the 
state.  It  was  selected  as  the  seat  of  government  in  1820, 
the  site  being  then  covered  with  a  dense  forest.  The  city 
is  the  terminus  of  16  railroads  running  in  all  directions, 
traversing  localities  unsurpassed  in  agricultural  and  min- 
eral resources,  and  furnishing  the  best  facilities  for  bring- 
ing the  country  products  to  the  city  and  for  distributing 
the  city  miinufactures  through  the  country.  It  is  near  the 
centre  of  the  agricultural  productive  region  of  the  West, 
and  is  thus  the  natural  market  for  an  extensive  aren.  It 
is  a  great  industrial  centre,  and  has  about  1000  manufac- 
tories employing  more  than  25,000  people,  with  an  annual 
output  of  $60,000,000  worth  of  products.  Among  the  lead- 
ing industries  of  the  city  are  5  agricultural-implement  fac- 
.tories,  4  arohitectural-iron-works,  2  belting-factories,  car- 
works,  38  carriage-  and  wagon-factories,  2  canned-goods 
factories,  a  chemical-factory,  3  electric-light-machinery 
factories,  24  foundries,  engine-  and  boiler-works,  2  fertil- 
izer-factories, 2  flour-mill-machinery-works,  7  flour-mills, 
2  railroad-frog-  and  switch-works,  40  furniture-factories, 
21  builders'-materials  mills,  malleable-iron-works,  13  me- 
dicinal laboratories,  6  natural-gas-supply  factories,  3  pork- 
packing  establishments,  11  pump-works,  5  rail  road -shops, 
a  stove-foundry,  starch-worlts,  5  stave-  and  heading-fac- 
tories, 4  breweries,  2  woollen-mills,  Ac.  The  city  leads  in 
the  manufacture  of  mill-machinery,  artistic  tiling,  terra- 


cotta, malleable  iron,  lounges,  builders'  materials,  Ac.  The 
receiving-yards  for  live-stock  cover  105  acres,  and  the 
stock-sheds  12  acres;  the  amount  of  business  dune  thereat 
amounts  to  $2.5,'>00,000  a  year.  The  city  has  an  excellent 
fire  department  and  a  complete  fire-alarm  telegraph.  Th« 
water  supply  is  ample,  and  is  procured  by  the  Holly  system. 
The  difforent  points  of  the  city  are  connected  by  electric- 
and  horse-cars.  Owing  to  its  central  locution  and  railroad 
facilities,  it  is  a  favorite  moeting-place  for  organized  bodies, 
and  is  widely  known  as  tho  "  Convention  City."  Pop.  in 
1860,  8090;  in  1860,  18,611;  in  1870,  48,244;  in  1880, 
75,056;  in  1890,  105,436. 

Indianapolis,  a  post-village  of  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa, 
about  28  miles  N.  of  Ottumwa.     It  has  3  churches. 

Indian  Archipelago.    See  Malay  Anciiii-Ki,Aao. 

Indian  Arm,  a  hamlet  and  harbor  in  the  district  of 
Bonavista,  Newfoundland,  63  miles  from  Ciitalina.    P.  220. 

Indian  Bay,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co..  Ark.,  near 
White  River.     It  has  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Indian  Bot'tom,  a  post-hamlet  of  Letcher  co.,  Ky., 
about  135  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lexington.     It  has  a  church. 

Indian  Camp,  a  post-hamlet  of  Guernsey  co.,  0., 
about  24  miles  N  E.  of  Zanesville.     It  has  a  church. 

Indian  Camp,  a  post-office  of  Upshur  co.,  W.  Va. 

Indian  Castle,  a  hamlet  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Erie  Canal,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Littlo  Falls.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Indian  Caucasus,  Asia.    See  IIiNnoo-Koosn. 

Indian  Cove,  a  post-village  in  Levis  co.,  Quebec,  on  ' 
tho  St.  Lawrence,  3  miles  E.  of  Levis.     It  contains  a  num- 
ber of  stores.     Pop.  350. 

Indian  Creek,  a  small  stream  of  Yuba  co.,  towards 
the  N.  part  of  California,  falls  into  Dry  Creek  about  22  miles 
from  its  junction  with  Yuba  River.  Gold  is  found  along 
this  stream. 

Indian  (or  Big  Indian)  Creek,  Illinois,  drains  part 
of  Dc  Kalb  CO.,  runs  southward  in  La  Salle  co.,  and  enters 
Fox  River  about  8  miles  N.E.  of  Ottawa, 

Indian  Creek,  Illinois,  rises  in  Morgan  co.,  runs  in  a 
W.N.W.  direction,  and  enters  the  Illinois  River  in  the  W, 
part  of  Cass  co. 

Indian  Creek,  Indiana,  drains  part  of  Floyd  co.,  runs 
southwestward  through  Harrison  co.,  and  enters  the  Ohio 
River  about  8  miles  above  Leavenworth. 

Indian  Creek,  Indiana,  rises  in  Monroo  co.,  runs 
southward,  and  enters  the  East  Fork  of  White  River  in 
Martin  co.,  about  3  miles  E.  of  Dover  Hill. 

Indian  Creek,  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind.,  falls  into  the  West 
Fork  of  White  River  a  few  miles  below  Martinsville. 

Indian  Creek,  of  Switzerland  co.,  Ind.,  flows  into  the 
Ohio  near  Vevay. 

Indian  Creek,  of  Tishomingo  co.,  Miss.,  enters  the 
Tennessee  River  near  Eastport. 

Indian  Creek,  Missouri,  enters  tho  Maramec  from  the 
right,  in  Franklin  co. 

Indian  Creek,  Tennessee,  rises  in  Wayne  co.,  runs 
northwestward,  and  enters  the  Tennessee  River  in  the  N. 
part  of  Hiirdin  co. 

Indian  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co..  Ark. 

Indian  Creek,  a  village  of  Trinity  co.,  Cal.  Pop.  ISN; 
of  Indian  Creek  township,  783. 

Indian  Creek,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  111.,  on  tho  Illi- 
nois River.     Pop.  433. 

Indian  Creek,  a  township  of  White  co.,  111.  Pop. 
2010.     It  contains  Oossett,  Norris  City,  and  Sacramento. 

Indian  Creek,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.  Pop, 
1348.     It  contains  Fayetteville  and  Silverville. 

Indian  Creek,  township,  Monroe  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  983. 

Indian  Creek,  a  township  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
812.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Tippecanoe  River,  and  contains 
Pulaski. 

Indian  Creek,  a  township  of  Mills  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
505,  exclusive  of  Emerson  and  Hastings. 

Indian  Creek,  a  township  of  Story  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
1022.     It  contains  Iowa  Centre. 

Indian  Creek,  a  township  of  Anderson  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  180. 

Indian  Creek,  a  post-offico  of  Elk  co.,  Kansas. 

Indian  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Ky. 

Indian  Creek,  a  post- village  of  Monroe  co..  Mo.,  about 
28  miles  W.S.W.  of  Hannibal.  Pop.  of  Indian  Creek  town- 
ship, 654. 

Indian  Creek,  a  township  of  Pike  co..  Mo.    P.  1103. 

Indian  Creek,  a  post-office  of  York  co..  Neb. 

Indian  Creek,  a  station  in  Fayette  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Washington  &  Baltimore  Railroad,  65  miles  S.S.E 
of  Pittsburg. 


iW 


1459 


IND 


Indian  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Unicoi  co.,  Tenn. 

Indian  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  co.,  Tex.,  125 
miles  S.W.  of  Furt  Worth.     It  has  a  church. 

Indian  Creek,  a  post-ofHce  of  Norfolk  co.,  Va. 

Indian  Creek,  Monroe  co.,  W.  A'a.   See  Centreville. 

Indian  Desert,  India.    See  Thlur. 

Indian  Draft,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co.,  Va. 

Indian  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Tonawanda  Creek,  about  28  miles  E.N.E.  of  BufiFalo.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Here  is  a  cas- 
cade 30  feet  high. 

Indian  Fields,  a  post-office  of  Clark  co.,  Ky. 

Indian  Fields,  a  township  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich,  Pop. 
100(5.     It  contains  Caro. 

Indian  Fields,  a  post- village  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Cocymans  township,  about  17  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Albany.  It 
has  a  church,  a  foundry,  and  2  stores.     Pop.  about  150, 

Indian  Ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rock  co.,  Wis.,  in 
Fnlton  township,  on  Rock  River,  2  miles  S.  of  Edgerton, 
and  about  26  miles  S.E.  of  Madison.     It  has  2  flour-mills, 

Indian  Grove,  a  township  of  Livingston  co,,  111,  Pop, 
2635.     It  contains  Fairbury. 

Indian  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chariton  co..  Mo.,  7 
miles  from  Dalton.     It  has  a  church. 

Indian  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Surry  co.,  N.C. 

Indian  Gulch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mariposa  co.,  Cal,, 
about  80  miles  S.E.  of  Stockton.     Gold  is  found  here, 

Indian  Har'bor,  a  small  fishing-settlement  in  the  dis- 
trict of  Burgoo  and  La  Poile,  Newfoundland,  34  miles  from 
Burgeo. 

Indian  Harbor,  a  post-village  in  Guysborough  co., 
Nova  Scotia,  on  the  sea,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Sherbrooko.    P.  250. 

Indian  Harbor,  post-village,  Halifax  co..  Nova  Scotia, 
on  St.  Margaret's  Bay,  28  miles  W,  of  Ilalifa.x,     Pop.  250, 

Indian  Head,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co,,  Pa.,  12 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Connellsville.     It  has  a  tannery. 

Indian  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Davidson  co.,  N.C. 

Indian  Hill,  township,  Abbeville  co.,  S.C,     Pop.  1920, 

Indian  Island,  a  post-village  and  warehousing  port  in 
Charlotte  co..  New  Brunswick,  on  an  island  in  the  Bay  of 
Fundy,  opposite  Eastport,  Me.,  and  14  miles  from  St.  An- 
drews,   Pop.  75. 

Indian  Islands,  two  small  islands  in  the  district  of 
Twillingate  and  Fogo,  Newfoundland,  14  miles  from  Fogo. 
They  are  inhabited  by  fishermen.     Pop.  210, 

Indian  Kentucky  Creek,  of  Indiana,  rises  in  Rip- 
ley CO.,  and  flows  into  the  Ohio  8  miles  above  Madison, 

Indian  Lake,  New  York,  is  in  the  E.  part  of  Hamilton 
CO.,  and  is  about  7  miles  long.  Its  surplus  water  flows 
through  a  short  outlet  into  the  Hudson  River. 

Indian  Lake,  a  township  of  Nobles  co.,  M^Hn.  P.  Ifil. 

Indian  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  N.Y.,  in  a 
township  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the  shore  of  Indian 
Lake,  about  60  miles  W.N.W.  of  Whitehall.  The  township 
includes  Eckford  and  other  lakes,  and  is  a  wild  mountainous 
forest.  It  has  3  large  hotels  for  sportsmen  and  tourists. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  425. 

Indian  Land,  township,  Lancaster  co.,  S.C.    Pop.  909. 

Indian  Lorette,  Canada.     See  Ancie.nne  Lorette, 

Indian  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Burlington  co,,  N.J, 

Indian  3Iills,  a  post-office  of  Summers  co.,  W,  Va, 

Indian  Monnd,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stewart  co.,  Tenn., 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Cumberland  City.     It  has  a  church, 

Indian  Neck,  a  post-office  of  King  and  Queen  co„  Va. 

Indian  Ocean  (anc.  Mu're  lu'dicum  or  Jn'ilicna  Oce'- 
anun ;  Gcr.  Jixliiichea  Meer,  in'dish-es  maiu  ;  Fr.  Mercies 
Iiiilen,  niaia  dAz  tisd,  i.e.,  "Sea  of  the  Indies"),  a  vast  sea, 
separated  from  the  Pacific  on  the  E.  by  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago and  Australia,  bounded  on  the  S.  by  a  lino  drawn 
from  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  to  Bass's  Strait,  divided  from 
the  Atlantic  by  Africa  on  the  AV.,  and  enclosed  by  the  coun- 
tries of  Asia  on  the  N.,  extending  from  about  lat.  25°  N., 
in  the  Gulf  of  Arabia,  a  little  beyond  the  Tropic  of  Can- 
cer, to  the  Antarctic  Circle,  and  from  Ion.  19°  56'  30"  to 
146°  38'  E.  Its  extent  from  N,  to  S.  somewhat  exceeds 
3500  miles,  and  its  breadth  varies  from  6000  miles,  between 
the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  and  South  Cape  in  Tasmania, 
to  4000  miles  between  the  coast  of  Arabia  and  that  of 
Malacca  and  Sumatra.  Its  N,  shores  are  rendered  singu- 
larly irregular  by  the  projection  of  three  vast  peninsulas, 
Ar.abia,  India,  and  Indo-China,  which  are  respectively 
separated  by  the  Persian  Gulf,  Arabian  Sea,  and  Bay  of 
Bengal.  It  communicates  with  the  China  Sea  by  the  Strait 
of  Malacca,  Sunda  Strait,  and  the  Strait  of  Flores.  The 
other  principal  inlets  are  the  Mozambique  Channel,  Red 
Sea,  Gulfs  of  Cutch  and  Cambay,  the  Gulf  of  Mamm",  Palk's 
Strait,  the  Straits  of  Bali,  Lnmbok,  and  Ombay,  ',he  Sea  of 


Timor,  and  Bass's  Strait.  The  most  important  islands  are 
Madagascar,  Mauritius,  Reunion,  the  Comoro  Islands,  the 
Seychelles,  Socotra,  the  Laccadives,  Maldives,  Chagos,  Cey- 
lon, and  the  Andaman  and  Nicobar  Islands.  Its  main  afflu- 
ents are — in  Asia,  the  Salwin,  Irrawaddy,  Brahmapootra, 
Ganges,  Godavery,  Kistnah,  Nerbudda,  Indus,  and  the  Shat- 
el-Arab,  formed  by  the  junction  of  the 'ligris  and  Euphrates; 
and  in  Africa,  the  Zambezi.  The  monsoons,  or  periodical 
winds,  previiil  in  the  N.  part,  blowing  from  the  S.W.  between 
April  and  October,  and  from  the  S.E.  between  October  and 
April.  Tempests  are  general  at  the  periods  of  change;  and 
between  lat.  5°  and  40°  S.  violent  hurricanes  frequently  occur. 

In  the  S.  part  of  the  Indian  Ocean  the  equatorial  current, 
connecting  the  Pacific  and  Atlantic,  flows  from  E.  to  AV,  at 
a  rate  varying  with  the  seasons;  but  N.  of  Madagascar, 
where  its  breadth  greatly  diminishes,  it  runs  from  45  miles 
to  00  miles  in  24  hours,  A  S,W.  current  also  flows  along 
the  African  coast  towards  the  Mozambique  Channel,  its 
velocity  ranging  between  18  miles  and  28  miles  a  day,  but 
attaining  more  than  double  that  rate  near  Delagoa  Bay  and 
Cape  Corriontes.  It  finally  joins  the  Cape  current  near 
Cape  Padron.  On  the  S.AV,  coast  of  Australia  the  current 
divides  near  Cape  Leeuwin,  in  lat,  34°  22'  S.,  into  two 
streams,  one  of  which  flows  N.,  nnd  the  other  E.,  with  an 
average  speed  of  about  20  miles  each  day,  thus  embracing 
the  whole  coast  of  Australia.  The  maximum  heat  of  the 
water  occurs  in  the  Arabian  Sea,  in  lat.  9°  55'  N.  and  Ion. 
59°  52'  E.,  -where^it  reaches  87.5°  Fahr. 

In^diano'la,  or  ChiPlicoth'e,  a  post- village  of  Ver- 
milion CO.,  111.,  in  Carroll  township,  on  the  Little  Vermilion 
River,  18  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Danville.  The  name  of 
its  post-office  is  Indianola.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  car- 
riage-factory.    Pop,  in  1890,  472. 

Indianola,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Warren  co,,  Iowa, 

1  mile  N,  of  the  South  River,  21  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Dcs 
Moines,  and  about  25  miles  E.  of  Winterset,  It  contains 
5  churches,  a  public  school,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank, 

2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of  bricks,  tiles,  and 
earthenware.  Here  is  the  Simpson  Centenary  College 
(Methodist),  organized  in  1867.     Pop.  in  1890,  2254. 

Indianola,  a  post-office  of  Butler  CO.,  Kansas,  18  miles 
E.  of  Wichita, 

Indianola,  a  village  of  Shawnee  co.,  Kansas,  on  Sol- 
dier Creek,  5  or  6  miles  N,  of  Topeka, 

Indianola,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Red  AVillow  co,, 
Neb.,  is  on  the  Republican  River,  22  miles  by  rail  E.  of 
Culbertson.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  flour-mill,  2 
newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  679, 

Indianola,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Calhoun  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  W.  shore  of  Matagorda  Bay,  about  14  miles  from 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  120  miles  by  water  W.S.W,  of 
Galveston,  It  is  the  S.E.  terminus  of  the  Gulf,  Western 
Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad,  It  has  a  court-house,  a  convent, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  2  churches.  Steamboats  ply  between 
this  port  and  Galveston,  Cattle  form  the  chief  article  of 
export, 

Indian  Or'chard,  a  post-village  of  Hampden  co., 
Mass.,  on  the  Chicopee  River,  and  on  the  Atbol,  Spring- 
field &  Northeastern  Railroad,  6  miles  N.B.  of  Springfield 
proper,  of  which  it  now  forms  a  part.  It  has  3  churches, 
public  schools,  a  newspaper  office,  nnd  manufactures  of 
yarn,  valves,  hydrants,  &c.     Pop.  2478, 

Indian  Point,  a  township  of  Knox  co..  III.    Pop.  1496. 

Indian  Point,  a  post-hamlet  in  Lunenburg  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Mahone  Bay,  11  miles  N.  of  Lu- 
nenburg,    Pop.  250. 

Indian  Prairie,  pra'rcc,  a  township  of  AVayno  co,,  111. 
Pop,  1727,     It  contains  Johnsonville. 

Indian  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Grainger  co.,  Tenn, 

Indian  River,  of  Sussex  co,,  Del.,  flows  eastward  into 
the  Atlantic, 

Indian  River,  a  navigable  tidal  inlet  of  Florida,  on  the 
E.  side  of  the  peninsula,  flows  nearly  parallel  with  the  coast 
in  Brevard  and  Volusia  cos.  Length,  about  100  miles. 
The  breadth  is  very  unsqual;  in  some  ])arts  it  expands  into 
extensive  lakes  or  lagoons.  It  communicates  by  canal  with 
Halifax  River,  and  by  Indian  River  Inlet  with  the  sea,  and 
is  continuous  southward  with  St.  Lucie  Sound. 

Indian  River,  New  York,  rises  in  Lewis  co.,  runs 
westward  and  northward  through  Jeficrson  co.,  and  enters 
Black  Lake  in  St.  Lawrence  co, 

Indian  River,  a  hundred  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.  Pop, 
1 667.  It  contains  Rehoboth  Bay,  and  is  bounded  S,  by  Indian 
River, 

Indian  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Me,, 
on  an  inlet  of  the  ocean,  about  15  miles  S,W.  of  Machiaa. 
It  has  2  churches. 


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1460 


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Indian  Rivera »  pMt-bamlet  of  Lewis  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  In- 
dinn  River,  30  mile*  K.  of  Witturtown.    It  b«8  2  saw-iuills. 

Indinn  Hivcrt  a  post-rilluge  in  Peterborough  co., 
OnUu-lo,  It  mllci  B.  bjr  N.  of  Peterborough. 

Indian  Rivcr»  »  post-village  in  Prince  oo.,  Prince 
Edwurd  Islnnd,  lU  miles  from  Suiumerside. 

Indian  Rock,  a  pont-uffioe  of  Frnuklin  co.,  Me. 

Indinn  Itock,  a  |>ost-hnmlet  of  Botetourt  eo.,  Va.,  on 
the  Jaiucn  lUvcr,  2UU  uiilcs  above  Richmond,  and  7  wiles 
from  the  Natural  liridgo.     It  has  lime-kilns  and  a  church. 

Indian  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  about 
14  miles  S.E.  of  Sharon,  and  2  miles  from  Leesburg  Station, 
It  has  a  church. 

Indian  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Butts  co.,  Oa.,  about 
50  miles  tf.S.K.  uf  Atlanta.  It  has  2  churches,  a  fluur-mill, 
and  impurtaut  saline  sulphur  springs. 

Indian  Springs,  a  wateriag-pluco  of  Martin  co.,  Ind., 
in  Mitchelltrce  township,  9  miles  N.  of  Shoals  Station. 
Here  are  chalyboiite  and  sulphur  springs,  containing  sul- 
phates and  carbonates  of  lime,  magnesia,  and  soda. 

Indian  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
Md.,  87  miles  W.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  a  hotel. 

Indian  Stream,  New  Hampshire,  is  one  of  the  head- 
streams  of  the  Connecticut  River.  It  rises  in  the  N.  part 
of  Coos  CO.,  and  runs  in  a  S.S.W.  direction  until  it  unites 
with  the  East  Branch. 

Indian  Ter'ritory,  an  unorganized  tract  of  land 
within  the  limits  of  the  United  Slate.",  and  set  apart  by 
the  general  government  as  an  abode  fdr  tribal  Indians. 
Its  original  limits  were  very  much  larger  tlinn  at  present. 
As  now  constituted,  it  is  bounded  N.  by  Kansas,  E.  by 
Missouri  and  Arkansas,  S.  by  Texas,  and  W.  by  Oklahoma. 
Area,  31,400  square  miles. 

Face  of  the  Country. — The  general  slope  of  the  land  is 
towards  the  S.E.  to  the  lower  valley  of  the  Red  River.  Be- 
tween the  Red  and  Canadian  Rivers  are  several  groups 
of  hills,  such  ns  the  Shawnee  and  the  Sans  IJois,  which  are 
continuations  of  the  Ozark  Mountains  from  Arkansas. 
The  rivers  have  broad  and  fertile  bottom-lands  which  are 
separated  from  the  rolling  upland  prairies  by  bluffs  more 
or  less  abrupt.  The  valleys  and  southern  prairies  are 
especially  rich  and  productive  and  well  adapted  for  crops 
of  cereals. 

Rivers. — Indian  Territory  is  well  watered.  The  prin- 
cipal rivers  are  the  Arkansas,  which,  with  the  Canadian 
River  and  other  tributaries,  drains  the  northern  portion, 
and  the  Red  River,  which,  with  numerous  affluents,  drains 
the  southern  section  and  forms  the  southern  boundary. 

The  Climate  is  generally  mild  and  healthful.  The  sum- 
mers are  hot,  but  there  is  an  ample  rainfall  and  not  the 
liability  to  droughts  which  characterizes  some  of  the 
neighboring  sections. 

Geology  and  Minerals. — Excepting  a  limited  area  of  azoic 
rock-formation  in  the  Cherokee  and  Creek  country,  the 
oldest  geological  strata  are  of  carboniferous  age.  These 
strata  are  known  to  contain  good  coal,  largely  of  a  semi- 
bituminous  character,  and  the  indicatiotis  are  that  the 
amount  of  coal  here  is  large.  The  strata  are  reported  to 
have  a  northwestern  dip,  and  to  be  overlaid  to  the  west- 
ward by  Permian  and  tri.issic  layers;  and  it  is  believed 
that  the  coal  extends  westward  beneath  these  strata.  Coal 
is  mined  to  a  considerable  extent  at  various  places  in  the 
territory.  Iron,  marble,  and  yellow  sandstone  are  found 
in  abundance  in  the  Cherokee  country,  and  copper  has 
been  discovered  at  several  points.  But  little,  however,  is 
absolutely  known  of  the  geology  of  this  territory. 

Vegetation  and  Animals. — There  aro  extensive  wooded 
districts  in  the  northern  portion  of  the  territory.  A  belt 
of  forest  known  as  the  "  Cross-Timbers,"  from  5  to  60  miles 
wide,  extends  along  the  border  of  the  carboniferous  forma- 
tion in  the  western  part  of  the  territory.  It  follows  a 
nearly  N.  and  S.  line  from  the  Arkansas  to  the  Red  River, 
and  extends  into  Texas  until  it  reaches  the  Brazos.  The 
native  wild  animals  have  very  generally  disappeared,  but 
some  bears  and  other  fur-bearing  animals,  wild  turkeys,  and 
sevaral  varieties  of  grouse  are  found.  Many  portions  of 
the  territory,  especially  the  rooky  regions  in  the  Cherokee 
country,  are  well  adapted  for  grazing,  and  large  numbers 
of  cattle  are  bred  by  the  civilized  Indians. 

History,  Civilization,  ttc. — This  region  was  purchased 
with  the  Louisiana  district  from  France  in  1803  (except  a 
portion  acquired  with  Texas  in  1845),  was  selected  in  1832 
as  the  abode  of  the  southern  Indians  east  of  the  Missis- 
sippi, who  were  to  be  removed  by  the  United  States  govern- 
ment from  their  ancient  hunting-grounds,  and  set  apart  for 
that  purpose  by  Congress  in  1834.  At  that  time  it  was  the 
only  unorganized  portion  of  the  great  territory  acquired 


from  France,  and  it  was  not  deemed  probable  that  civiliza- 
tion would  extend  far  beyond  the  Mi88isi<ippi,  as  the  meagre 
reports  which  then  came  from  the  vast  western  ])()rti(>ii  of 
the  country  wore  not  of  a  character  to  encourage  immigra- 
tion. Besides  its  present  limits,  the  territory  thus  set  apart 
included  the  greater  part  of  what  is  now  the  territory  of 
Oklahoma,  and  alro  portions  of  Kansas  and  Nebraska. 
Between  the  years  1833  and  1838  the  Chcrokees,  Clioutaws, 
Creeks,  and  Chickasaws  were  removed  hither,  and  they 
were  followed  by  the  Seminoles  in  1846.  Together  they 
constitute  what  are  now  known  as  the  "  five  civilized  tribes." 
The  government  covenanted  to  maintain  the  exclusive  title 
of  the  land  to  the  Indians  and  to  protect  them  from  the 
westward  tide  of  white  civilization.  In  I860  the  area  of 
this  grant  was  stated  to  be  over  195,000  square  miles,  but 
by  subsequent  treaties  the  Indians  ceded  back  to  the  United 
Statts  the  region  lying  N.  of  the  37th  parallel.  In  186<t 
the  western  portion  of  their  domain  was  ceded  to  the  govern- 
ment in  consideration  of  the  payment  of  a  fixed  valuation 
fur  the  laud  thus  released.  The  treaty  stipulated  that  this 
region  was  to  be  used  by  the  government  for  the  settlement 
of  other  Indian  tribes  or  freedmon,  but  was  not  to  be  open 
to  white  settlers.  This  region  was  known  as  the  Oklahoma 
district,  and  the  Sacs,  Foxes,  and  Pottawatomics  were 
settled  here  in  1867,  the  lowas  and  Kickapoos  in  1883,  the 
Cheyennes  and  Arapahoes  in  1869,  and  at  various  other 
times,  both  on  this  land  and  among  the  civilized  tribes 
themselves,  reservations  were  established  for  remnants  and 
parts  of  other  tribes.  Among  the  tribes  thus  added  are  the 
Quapaws,  Caddoes,  Ionic,  or  Texas,  Modocs,  Senccas,  Ot- 
tawas,  Wyandotte?,  Peorias,  Shawnees,  Osages,  Kansas, 
Pawnees,  Delawares,  Wichitas,  Apaches,  Nez  Perces,  Oncas, 
and  Missourias.  By  further  payment  to  the  Creeks  and 
Seminoles  in  1889  the  government  obtained  a  removal  of 
the  clause  in  the  treaties  prohibiting  white  immigration, 
and  was  thus  enabled  to  throw  open  and  organize  Oklahoma 
Territory.  Among  the  five  civilized  tribes,  and  some  of  the 
smaller  tribal  organizations  associated  with  them,  missionary 
and  educational  work  has  been  conducted  for  many  years 
with  commendable  zeal  by  representatives  of  various  de- 
nominations, and  several  hundred  churches  are  to  be  found 
throughout  the  territory.  The  Indians  are  looked  upon  as 
wards  of  the  United  States  government,  and  there  is,  there- 
fore, no  organized  territorial  government  such  ns  is  found 
in  other  territories,  though  the  United  States  maintains 
several  military  stations  and  a  large  number  of  post-ofiiccs. 
Each  "nation"  regulates  its  own  internal  afiiiiro,  having 
its  own  form  of  government  with  some  simple  code  of  law. 
The  lands  of  each  of  the  civilized  tribes  are  held  in  sev- 
eralty. Any  Indian  may  cultivate  as  large  a  tract  as  he 
chooses,  bufcone  quarter  of  a  mile  must  intervene  between 
farms.  The  civilized  tribes  were  slave-holders,  and  during 
the  war  of  1861-65  they  took  sides  with  the  Southern 
Confederacy,  and  were  for  a  time  held  to  have  forfeited 
their  lands,  but  were  finally  reinstated  in  possession  of 
them.  Since  the  war  they  have  been  more  prosperous  than 
before  on  account  of  the  extension  of  cattle-raising  as  a 
general  pursuit.  The  descendants  of  slaves,  of  pure  or 
mixed  African  blood,  still  reside  in  the  territory,  and  are  in 
most  instances  hired  as  laborers  by  the  Indians,  many  of 
whom  are  wealthy.  A  white  person  can  hold  land  in  the 
territory  only  by  marrying  an  Indian.  The  white  popu- 
lation has,  however,  greatly  increased,  and  is  found  mainly 
among  the  Chickasaws,  Choctaws,  and  Chcrokees.  It  in- 
cludes persons  acting  as  missionaries,  teachers,  mechanics, 
traders,  and  miners. 

Education. — The  more  civilized  tribes  have  their  own 
school  laws,  and  considerable  advance  has  been  made  in 
education.  There  are  a  large  number  of  iJay-schools,  and 
several  boarding-,  industrial-,  and  manual-labor-schools. 
Most  of  the  Indians  preserve  the  use  of  their  old  languages, 
and  the  Chcrokees  have  a  remarkable  syllabic  alphabet,  of 
85  characters,  invented  in  1826  by  George  Guess,  or  Se- 
quoyah, a  man  of  their  own  nation.  The  tribes  longest 
settled  have  a  few  newspapers,  and  a  printed  literature  of 
limited  extent,  chiefly  religious  and  the  work  of  Protestant 
missionaries. 

Jtaitroads. — The  construction  of  railroads  has  been  op- 
posed by  the  Indians,  but  in  1873  the  Missouri,  Kansas  & 
Texas  Railway  was  opened  across  the  territory  in  a  general 
S.S.W.  direction.  At  Vinita  it  is  joined  by  the  Atlantic  <fc 
Pacific  Railroad,  and  at  Wagoner  by  the  Kansas  &  Arkansas 
Valley  Railroaii.  Two  branches  of  the  Gulf,  Colorado  k 
Santa  F6  Railroad  cross  the  southern  part  of  the  territory. 

Population  and  Towns. — The  total  population,  according 
to  the  census  of  1890,  is  186,490,  made  up  as  follows:  In- 
dians of  the  five  civilized  tribes,  52,065;  colored  citizens 


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1461 


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and  claimiints,  1 4,224 ;  Indians  of  other  tribes,  8708  ;  colored 
persons  not  citizens,  3500;  wliites,  107,987;  Chinese,  6. 
The  principal  towns  are  Tablequah  (the  Cherokee  capital), 
Viniia,  Lehigh,  MacAllister,  Ardmore,  and  Purcell. 
.  In'diantown,  a  post-town  in  St.  John  co,,  New  Bruns- 
wick, at  the  outlet  of  the  river  St.  John  into  the  harbor  of 
St.  John,  2  miles  from  the  city,  of  which  it  may  be  con- 
iidered  a  suburb.  It  contains  several  large  mills  and  fac- 
tories, and  is  the  landing-place  of  the  river-steamers,  which 
eannot  reach  the  city  proper  except  at  times  when  the 
waters  of  the  harbor  and  river  are  on  a  level,  and  this  can 
only  be  effected  for  a  period  of  15  or  20  minutes,  during 
the  time  of  high  tide.  A  handsome  suspension-bridge  spans 
the  river  at  this  place.  Pop.  2500.  Street-cars  run  between 
Indiantown  and  St.  John. 

Indian  Township,  a  township  of  AVashington  co., 
Me.,  bounded  S.  by  Big  Lake.     Pop.  14. 

Indian  Trail,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Carolina  Central  Railroad,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Charlotte. 

Indian  VaI'ley,  a  post-office  of  Ada  co.,  Idaho. 

Indian  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  Oregon. 

Indian  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Floyd  co.,  Va. 

Indian  Vil'lage,  a  hamlet  of  Noble  co.,  Ind.,  3  miles 
from  Cromwell  Station,  and  about  35  miles  N.W.  of  Fort 
Wayne.     It  has  a  church. 

Indian  Village,  a  township  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
1059,  exclusive  of  Montour.     It  contains  Butlerville. 

Indian  Village,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ouachita  parish, 
La.,  17  miles  W.  of  Monroe.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
saw-inill.    See  also  Pearl  River. 

Indian  Weils,  a  station  of  San  Diego  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  129  miles  S.E.  of  Los  Angeles. 

Indian  Wlieei'ing  Creeli,  of  Ohio,  flows  through 
Belmont  co.,  and  enters  the  Ohio  opposite  AVhceling. 

India  (ia'd^-a)  Point,  a  station  in  Providence,  R.I., 
is  the  terminus  of  branches  of  the  Boston  &  Providence  and 
Providence  &  Worcester  Railroads,  which  here  connect  with 
the  Providence,  AVarren  &  Bristol  Railroad.  It  is  on  the 
Providence  River,  and  has  a  heavy  trade  in  coal,  cotton,  and 
other  merchandise.  Hero  a  railroad  bridge  and  another 
Dridge  cross  the  Seekonk  or  Blackstone  River,  connecting 
Providence  with  Watchemoket  and  East  Providence. 

Indicus  Oceanus,  or  Indicum  Marc.  See  In- 
dian Ocean, 

Indie,  in'dee,  a  village  of  Hungary,  in  Slavonia,  IS  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Peterwardein.     Pop.  3459. 

Indies,  East.     See  East  Indies,  and  India. 

Indies,  West.     See  West  Indies. 

Indigliirka,  or  Indigirl<a,  inMe-ghlR'ki  or  in'de- 
ghir'ka,  or  Zapadnaia-Kolima,  zi-p4d-m'A-ko-leo'- 
mi,  a  river  of  East  Siberia,  government  of  Yakootsk,  rises 
in  the  Yablonoi  Mountains,  and,  after  a  N.  course  esti- 
mated at  750  miles,  enters  the  Arctic  Ocean  in  lat.  71°  N., 
Ion.  150°  E.,  by  an  estuary  containing  numerous  islands. 
It  receives  many  affluents,  but  the  region  it  traverses  is 
almost  wholly  a  frozen  desert,  with  a  few  villages. 

Indio,  een'de-o,  a  river  of  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  in 
the  United  States  of  Colombia,  unites  with  the  Pacora  to 
form  a  considerable  stream,  which  enters  the  Pacific  E.  of 
Panama.     Its  shores  abound  with  fine  timber. 

Indjc>Kaia-Soo,  in'jee-ki'ri-soo  (ane.  ITaliac'mon), 
ft  river  of  European  Turkey,  in  Mncedonia,  enters  the  Gulf 
of  Salonica  IS  miles  S.W.  of  Salonica.     Length,  110  miles. 

Indjighiz,  Ingighiz,  or  Injighis,  in-jc-ghiz'  or 
in-je-gheez',  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  33 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Constantinople.  It  has  some  mineral 
baths,  and  remains  of  ancient  structures. 

In'do-Chi'na,  also  called  Fartlier  India  and 
Cliin»India,  the  southeastern  peninsula  of  Asia,  com- 
prising Annam,  French  Cochin  China,  Cambodia,  Siam, 
Laos,  the  Shan  country,  Malacca,  Burmah,  British  Bur- 
mah,  and  several  districts  of  Assam  and  Bengal.  The 
country  differs  entirely  in  character  from  India  proper,  in 
great  part  consisting  of  forest-clad  mountain-ridges  sepa- 
rated by  narrow  valleys.  The  people  are  almost  entirely 
of  the  so-called  Mongolian  stock,  and  employ  languages  of 
monosyllabic  character,  more  or  less  closely  allied  to  the 
Chinese,  except  in  the  Malay  sub-peninsula,  where  the 
Malay  race  and  language  predominate. 

Indore,  or  Indoor,  inMor',  a  state  of  Central  India, 
often  called  Holkar's  Dominions,  from  its  ruler,  a 
Mahratta  chief,  who  is  called  the  Maharajah  Ilolkar.  The 
country  is  an  aggregate  of  8  isolated  tracts,  of  which  the 
southernmost  are  traversed  by  the  Nerbudda  River  and  the 
Vindhya  Mountains,  and  the  more  northern  are  mostly 
parts  of  a  fertile  table-land.  Area,  8075  square  miles. 
Capital,  Indore.     Pop.  635,450.     The  opium-crop  affords  a 


large  revenue,  and  the  ruler  pays  a  tribute  to  the  British 
India  government. 

Indore,  a  town,  the  capital  of  the  above  state,  is  situ- 
ated on  a  wooded  table-land,  elevation  nearly  2000  feet, 
on  a  railway,  33  miles  S.  of  Oqjein.  Lat.  22°  22'  N. ;  Ion 
75°  50'  E.  The  massive  granite  palace  of  the  Ilolkar  is  its 
only  edifice  of  importance.     Pop.  (1881)  75,400. 

Indostan,  India.     See  Hindostan. 

Indragiri,  in-dri-gh5r'ree,  or  Andragery,  Jn-dri- 
ghA'ree,  a  navigable  river  of  Sumatra,  enters  the  ocean  on 
its  E,  coast,  in  lat.  0°  32'  S.,  Ion.  103°  E.  On  it  is  a  town 
of  the  same  name. 

Indragiri,  or  Andragery,  a  native  state  in  the 
island  of  Sumatra,  on  the  S.E.  coast,  between  the  rivers 
Kampar  and  Jambi,  which  enter  the  sea  respectively  in 
lat.  0°  30'  N.  and  1°  S.  It  is  traversed  by  the  river  Indra- 
giri, and  is  in  general  fiat,  especially  towards  the  coast, 
Indragiri  is  governed  by  a  sultan,  but  is  under  the  su- 
premacy of  the  Dutch. 

ludramayo,  or  Indramaijo,  een-dra-mi'o,  a  cape, 
river,  and  town  of  Java:  the  town  near  the  mouth  of  the 
river,  which  enters  the  sea  on  its  N.  coast,  near  the  cape, 
90  miles  E.  of  Batavia. 

Indraprastha,  the  ancient  name  of  Delhi, 

In^drapoor',  or  Indrapura,  in-dri-poo'ri,  a  town, 
river,  state,  and  volcano  of  Sumatra :  the  town  near  the 
S,W.  coast,  150  miles  N.W.  of  Bencoolen. 

Indrapoor  (or  Indrapura)  Point,  Sumatra,  is  in 
lat,  2°  5'  S.,  Ion.  105°  27'  E. ;  and  N.  of  it  is  a  bay  in  which 
are  the  Indrapoor  Islands. 

Indre,  dsd'r,  a  river  of  France,  departments  of  Indre 
and  Indre-et-Loire,  joins  the  Loire  18  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Tours,  after  a  N.W.  course  of  115  miles.  It  is  navigable 
from  Loches  to  the  Loire,  45  miles. 

Indre,  a  department  of  Northwest  France,  formed  of 
part  of  the  old  province  of  Berri,  Area,  2624  square  miles. 
Pop.  in  1891,  292,868.  The  surface  is  uniformly  level.  The 
principal  rivers  are  the  Indre  and  Crcuse.  More  grain  and 
wine  are  raised  than  are  required  for  home  consumption, 
though  much  of  the  soil  is  barren  and  swampy.  This  de- 
partment furnishes  the  best  lithographic  stones  in  France. 
AS^oollen  and  cotton  cloths  and  yarn,  iron  and  iron  goods, 
earthenwares,  cutlery,  leather,  tiles,  and  parchment,  are 
among  the  chief  products.  Capital,  Chateauroux.  Indre 
is  divided  into  the  arrondissements  of  Chateauroux,  Issou- 
dun.  La  Chatre,  and  Le  Blanc, 

Indre,  an  island  of  France.    See  Indret, 

Indre,  or  L'Indre,  a  village  of  France,  in  Loire-ln- 
f6rieure,  5i  miles  from  Nantes.     Pop.  2229. 

Indre-et-Loire,  &Nd'r-i-lwaR,  a  department  in  the 
N.W.  of  France,  formed  chiefly  of  the  old  province  of  Tou- 
raine,  comprising  a  region  on  both  sides  of  the  Loire. 
Area,  2332  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1891,  337,298.  The 
surface  is  level,  and,  near  the  Loire,  very  fertile,  elsewhere 
poor  and  often  marshy.  The  Cher,  Indre,  and  Vienne 
Rivers  water  its  S.  portion.  Agriculture  is  excellent,  and 
the  produce  in  cereal  grain  is  more  than  adequate  to  homo 
consumption.  The  department  furnishes  lithographic  stones, 
pipe-  and  potters'  clay,  and  contains  an  immense  amount  of 
petrified  shells,  which  are  used  as  manure.  Ilemp,  liquorice, 
anise-seed,  truffles,  fruits,  Ac,  are  raised  in  considerable 
quantities.  The  culture  of  silk  is  important,  as  are  the  silk-, 
woollen-,  and  leather-manufactures  of  Tours.  The  other 
principal  manufactures  are  files  and  rasps,  iron-wares,  red 
lead,  and  pottery.  Capital,  Tours.  The  department  is  di- 
vided into  the  arrondissements  of  Tours,  Chinon,  and  Loches. 

Indret,  or  Indre,  S,N»Mri',  a  small  island  of  France, 
department  of  Loire-Inferieure,  formed  by  the  Loire,  5  miles 
W.  of  Nantes,  with  machine-shops  and  other  works  belong- 
ing to  the  French  naval  establishment. 

Induno,  in-doo'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Como, 
near  Varese.  Near  it,  in  a  deep  gorge,  is  a  remarkable 
fountain.     Pop.  1970. 

Indus,  in'diis,  or  Sindh,  slnd  (Sanscrit,  Sindhoo  or 
Sindhn,  the  "sea;"  Persian,  Ah-Sind,  ib-slnd),  a  great 
river  of  South  Asia,  rises  in  Thibet,  on  the  N.  side  of  the 
Kailas  (of  the  Himalayas),  in  lat.  31°  20'  N,,  Ion,  81°  15' 
E.,  near  the  sources  of  the  Sutlcj,  It  fiows  N.W.  for  about 
120  miles,  where  it  is  joined  by  the  Gartok-chu.  The 
conjoint  stream  now  breaks  through  the  Himalayas,  and 
thenceforth  has  a  S.AV.  course,  traversing  the  Punjab,  and 
afterwards  Sinde,  to  its  mouths  in  the  Indian  Ocean,  be- 
tween lat,  23°  and  25°  N,  and  Ion,  67°  30'  and  69°  E,  Total 
course  estimated  at  2000  miles.  Its  affluents,  though  not 
numerous,  are  important.  N,  of  the  Himalayas  it  receives 
the  Gartok-chu,  Sinhkha-bab  (which  is  regarded  as  the  trua 
Indus),  Zanskar,  and  Shayook  Rivers.    S,  of  the  mountainii 


IND 


1462 


INO 


the  Cabool  Rlrer  enter*  it,  and  In  lat.  28«  55'  N.,  Ion.  70° 
J3'  K,  470  mllos  from  the  ocean,  It  l«  joined  from  the  N.E. 
by  the  Punjnud,  whioh  brings  to  it  the  united  Rtroams  of 
Ui«  Paqjab,  or"flTe  river*,"— the  Sutlej  (ano.  Ifeiu'drut), 
th*  B«M  (ano.  Ilifph'ntU),  the  Chonaub  (nnc.  Acet'inet), 
th«  lUvee  (ano.  )lifdrao'let),  and  the  Jhyluin  (nno.  i/y. 
diu'pM).  Below  this  it  has  no  tributary  of  much  site, 
but  repeatedly  subdivides,  giving  off  lutornl  streams,  the 
principal  being  the  Fulailoo  and  Narm  brunches ;  and  at 
Trieoal,  lat.  25°  »'  N.,lon.  68°  21'  E.,  the  delta  couiuionces, 
the  chief  arms  of  whioh  are  the  Buggaur,  Sata,  and  Pin- 
yaroo.  The  Indus  enters  the  sea  by  a  great  number  of 
mouths,  the  principal  of  which  are  the  Pittoo,  Hujamrcc, 
Khediwarce,  Hookcwaree,  Seer,  and  Koree.  The  latter  is  7 
miles  wide  and  20  feet  deep,  and  is  properly  an  arm  of  the 
■ca.  The  delta  extends  from  the  ocean  to  Hyderabad,  and 
from  Kiirrftchce  to  Luokput,  being  about  1-30  miles  in  ex- 
treme length  and  bre:ulih.  On  the  banks  of  the  Indus  are 
the  towns  of  Moor,  Lch,  Iskardoh,  Attook,  Caulabagb, 
Dera  Ismaeol  Khan,  Dera  Ghazee  Khan,  Bukkur,  Lcia, 
Mittun-Kote,  Koree,  Sukkur,  Sehwan,  Hyderabad,  Moanee, 
Tatta,  Ghnra,  Bunder  Vikkur,  and,  at  its  westernmost  en- 
trance, Kurrachoe.  Its  source  is  supposed  to  be  18,000  feet 
above  the  sea,  its  bod  at  Lch  10,000  feet,  and  nt  Attock, 
940  miles  from  its  mouth,  it  is  1000  foet  above  the  ocean- 
level,  800  feet  across,  60  feet  in  depth,  and  has  a  current 
of  6  miles  an  hour.  Below  this  point  it  runs  with  great 
velocity,  mostly  between  high  cliffs  (in  ono  place  700  foot 
In  elevation),  as  far  as  Caulabagh,  after  which  its  course 
Is  through  a  level  country,  with  a  breadth  usually  varying 
from  one-fourth  of  a  mile  to  upwards  of  1  mile,  and  an 
average  velocity  of  from  2  to  3  miles  an  hour.  During  the 
season  when  it  is  lowest,  tides  are  perceptible  upward  to 
about  25  miles  below  Tatta,  or  75  m'iles  from  the  ocean. 
The  mean  annual  discharge  of  water  is  supposed  to  bo 
150,212,079,642  tons,  a  large  proportion  of  its  waters  being 
consumed  in  irrigation  and  evaporation.  The  Indus  is 
navigable  from  the  sea  as  high  as  the  influx  of  the  Cabool 
Kiver,  ntsar  Attock,  942  miles,  and  its  tributaries  are  mostly 
navigable  to  the  foot  of  the  mountains ;  but  the  channel  is 
so  encumbered  by  shifting  banks  as  to  bo  adapted  only  for 
steamers  and  vessels  of  comparatively  small  draught.  The 
gavial,  or  long-snouted  crocodile,  is  numerous  in  the  river, 
and  the  alligator  is  found  in  its  lagoons.  The  bolan,  a 
cetacean,  is  also  abundant.  Fish,  especially  the  pnlla,  a 
sj>ccics  of  carp,  are  very  abundant,  and  form  a  chief  arti- 
cle of  food  for  tho  natives.  The  country  iininediatoly  adja- 
cent to  its  banks,  in  its  delta  especially,  is  of  high  fertility, 
but  on  cither  side  this  region  is  flanked  by  a  bare  desert. 

Indtistan,  or  Industhan,  India.    See  Hindustan. 

In'dustry,  a  post-village  of  McDonough  cc,  III.,  in 
Industry  township,  about  52  miles  N.E.  of  Quincy,  aiid  11 
miles  S.  of  Macomb.  It  has  3  churches,  a  public  school,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  432;  of  township,  1419. 

Industry^  a  post-hamlet  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas,  10 
miles  S.W.  of  AVakefield  Station.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Industry,  a  post- village  of  Franklin  co.,  Me.,  6  miles 
N.E.  of  Farmington.  It  lias  a  church,  district  schools,  a 
grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Post-office,  Allen's  Mills. 

Industry,  a  post-office  of  Phelps  co.,  Neb. 

Industry,  a  hamlet  of  York  township,  Belmont  co.,  0., 
near  Powhatan  Point. 

Industry,  a  post-village  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.,  on  the  N. 
bank  of  the  Ohio  River,  34  miles  by  rail  VV.N.W.  of  Pitts- 
burg. It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  of  Industry  township, 
618. 

Industry,  &  post-village  of  Austin  co.,  Tex.,  16  miles 
S.W.  of  Brenham,  and  70  miles  W.N.W.  of  Houston.  It  has 
4  churches,  and  manufactures  of  cigars,  furniture,  and  oil. 

Industry  Village,  Quebec.    See  Jouette. 

Ineboli,  ee"n?h.bo'lee,  or  Ainabol,  i'ni-bol  (anc. 
Iono]j'oli»f),  a  maritime  town  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the  Black 
Sea,  72  miles  W.S. W.  of  Sinope.  It  has  a  fair  roadstead,  and 
exports  much  wool,  mohair,  <tc.     Pop.  from  2000  to  3000. 

Inez,  Martin  co.,  Ky.    See  Eden. 

Infcrnm  Mare.    See  Tyrkhene  Sea. 

Inficionado,  een-fe-se-o-ni'do,  a  village  of  Brazil,  in 
Minas-Oeraos,  12  miles  N.  of  Mariana.     Pop.  4500. 

Ingaliuk,  in-gi'le-ook,  (or  Krusenstern,  kroo's^n- 
Itern)  Island,  one  of  the  Diomede  Islands,  in  Behring 
Strait.     It  belongs  to  the  United  States. 

Ingalls,  ing'galz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  Kan- 
ias,  in  Grant  township,  about  50  miles  W.N.W.  of  Salina. 
It  has  a  church. 

Ingall's  Crossing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oswego  00.,  N.Y., 
In  Volney  township,  on  the  Midland  Railroad,  16  miles  S.E. 
of  Oswego.     It  has  a  cheese-factory. 


Ingallston,  ing'g^lr-t^n,  a  township  of  Menominee  eo, 
Mioh.     Pop.  272.     It  includes  English,  or  Klomnn. 

Ingart  (ing'gart)  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Ringgold  oo., 
Iowa. 

Ingbcrt,  or  Sanct  Ingbcrt,  silnkt  ing'b(;rt,  a  town 
of  Bavaria,  in  the  Palatinate,  10  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Deux- 
Ponts,  with  iron-  and  coal-mines,  and  manufactures  of  iron, 
glass,  and  chemicals.     P.,  with  neighboring  villages,  9220. 

Ingelflngen,  ing'fl-flng'^n,  a  town  of  WUrtcmbcrg, 
on  the  Kocher,  43  miles  N.N.E.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1403. 

Ingclhcim,  ing'^jl-hlmo*,  Nikder,  neo'd^r,  ami  Ohkr, 
o'b^r,  two  contiguous  market-towns  of  Germany,  in  IIusho 
province  of  Rhoin-Hessen,  on  the  Sclx,  near  its  intlux  into 
the  Rhine,  9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Mentz.  Pop.  of  the  former, 
2441;  of  the  latter,  2675. 

Ingelmunster,  ing'Hfl-m&n^st^r,  a  town  of  Belgium, 
in  West  Flanders,  at  a  railway  junction,  7i  miles  N.  of 
Courtrai.  It  has  manufactures  of  linen  and  salt,  and  largo 
carpet-mills.     Pop.  5400. 

Ingendohl,  ing'^n-dor,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  car- 
ton and  2  miles  S.W.  of  Schwytz.     Pop.  1773. 

Ingenheim,  ing'^n-hime^  a  village  of  Bavaria,  near 
Bergziiborn.     Pop.  1580. 

Ingcnio,  eon-H4'nc-o,  a  town  of  the  Canary  Islands,  OM 
the  E.  side  of  the  island  of  Gran  Canaria.     Pop.  1486. 

IngenOe,  ing'^n-S^h,  an  island  of  Norway,  in  Fin- 
mark,  in  tho  Arctic  Ocean,  30  miles  S.W.  of  North  Cape. 

Ingermannland,  the  Gorman  name  of  Ingiiia. 

Ingersheini,  ing'^rs-hime'  (Fr.  pron.  iNo'zhfiu'zfim'), 
a  town  of  Germany,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Colmar.     Pop.  2388. 

Ingersoll,  ing'gh^r-s^l,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  oo., 
Mich.,  on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  &  Lake  Michigan  Railroad, 
8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lansing. 

Ingersoll,  a  township  of  Midland  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  430. 
Post-office,  Lee's  Corner. 

Ingersoll,  ing'gh^r-spl,  an  incorporated  town  in  Oxford 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  tho  river  Thames,  and  on  tho  Great  West- 
ern Railway,  19  miles  N.N.E.  of  London.  It  contains  7  | 
churches,  2  branch  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  saw-  and  I 
grist-mills,  and  manufactories  of  iron  castings,  machinery, 
woollens,  wooden-ware,  cheese,  <tc.  Ingersoll  has  a  large 
trade  in  lumber,  grain,  and  country-produce.     Pop.  4022. 

Inge-Su,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  I.v.ieii-Soo. 

Ingham,  ing'am,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Michigan, 
has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Grand 
River,  which  crosses  the  W.  border  several  times,  and  it  is 
partly  drained  by  Red  Cedar  Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level,  and  a  large  portion  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of 
sugar-maple,  ash,  beech,  oak,  and  other  trees.  Tho  soil  is 
fertile.  Wheat,  maize,  oats,  hay,  wool,  and  butter  are  the 
staples.  This  county  contains  Lansing,  the  capital  of  Mich- 
igan. It  is  intersected  by  the  Detroit,  Lansing  &  Northern 
Railroad,  the  Chicago  <t  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  the  Mich- 
igan Central  Railroad,  and  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan 
Southern  Railroad.  Ciipital,  Mason.  Pop.  in  1870,  25,268; 
in  1880,  33,676;  in  1890,  37,666. 

Ingham,  a  post-township  of   Franklin  eo.,  Iowa,  on      ' 
the  West  Fork  of  the  Cedar  River,  about  30  miles  S.W. 
of  Charles  City.     Pop.  456. 

Ingham,  a  township  of  Ingham  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1338. 

Ingham's  (ing'amz)  Mills,  a  post-hamlct  of  Herki- 
mer CO.,  N.Y.,  on  East  Canada  Creek,  3  miles  from  East 
Creek  Station.     It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  <tc. 

Inghe-Nor,  in'gh4h-nou',  or  Inghe-Noor,  in'ghih- 
noor',  a  lake  of  the  Chinese  Empire,  90  miles  W.N.W.  of 
the  lake  Koko-Nor.  It  is  18  miles  long  by  16  miles  broad^ 
and  flows  into  the  Koko-Nor  by  the  Poocapira. 

Inghiltcrra,  Inglaterra.    See  England. 

Ingigliis,  or  Injighiz,  Turkey.    See  Indjigiiiz. 

Inglcfield,  ing'g^l-fccld,  a  post-office  and  station  of 
Vanderburg  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Evansville  &  Terro  Haute 
Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Evansville. 

Inglehart's,  ing'g^l-harts,  a  station  on  the  Annapolis 
&  Elk  Ridge  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Annapolis,  Md. 

Ingleside,  ing'g^l-side,  a  post-hamlet  of  Limestone  co., 
Ala.,  8  miles  from  Bibbs  Lane  Station.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  steam-mill. 

Ingleside,  a  post-hamlet  of  Queen  Anne  co.,  Md.,  about 
15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Centrevillo.     It  has  2  churches. 

Ingleside,  a  station  in  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Westfield  &  Ilolyoke  Railroad,  2  miles  from  Holyoke  Sta- 
tion. It  is  a  manufacturing  place,  and  is  within  the  limita 
of  Holyoke.     It  has  a  fine  hotel,  and  is  a  summer  resort. 

Ingleside,  Pennsylvania.    See  Garvek's  FERnr. 

Ingieton,  ing'gh^l-t^n,  a  village  of  England,  oo.  of 
York,  West  Riding,  9^  miles  N.W.  of  Settle,  on  the  Leedf 
&  East  Lancashire  Railway. 


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Ingleville,  ing'g?l-vtl,  a  post-office  of  Clay  oo.,  Iowa, 
10  miles  S.W.  of  Spencer. 

Inglewood,  ing'g§l-wood,  a  post-village  of  Rocking- 
Lam  CO.,  Va.,  15  miles  E.  of  Harrisonburg.  It  has  2  churches. 

Ingoda,  in-go'di,  a  river  of  Siberia,  in  Transbaikalia, 
after  a  N.B.  course  of  about  300  miles,  joins  the  Onon  to 
form  the  Shilka  River,  an  affluent  of  the  Araoor. 

Ingolstadt,  ing'ol-stitt^  or  ing'g9l-stltt\  a  town  of 
Upper  Bavaria,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Danube,  45  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Munich,  and  35  miles  S.W.  of  Ratisbon.  Pop. 
14,485.  It  is  well  built,  is  strongly  fortified,  and  has  7 
churches,  a  royal  palace,  several  hospitals,  and  many  chari- 
table institutions.  Its  university,  founded  in  1472,  was 
transferred  in  ISOO  to  Landshut,  and  afterwards  to  Munich. 
The  trade  of  Ingolstadt  has  decayed,  and  it  has  now  only  a 
few  manufactures  of  cloth,  playing-cards,  cutlery,  leather,  &o. 

In'gomar',  a  post-office  of  Issaquena  co.,  Miss.,  at 
Duvall's  Landing,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  45  miles  above 
Vicksburg. 

Ingouish,  een-go-neesh',  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co., 
•Nova  Scotia,  in  Cape  Breton  Island,  on  the  sea-coast,  45 
miles  N.W.  of  Sydney.  It  contains  2  stores  and  a  saw-mill. 
Pop.  200. 

Ingool,  Ingoul,  or  Ingiil,  in-gool',  a  river  of  Russia, 
government  of  Kherson,  rises  N.  of  Yelisavetgrad,  and  flows 
S.  into  the  Bug  near  Nikolaiev,  after  a  course  of  150  miles. 

Ingoolets,  Ingoulets,  or  luguletz,  in-goo-15ts',  a 
river  of  Russia,  government  of  Kherson,  rises  N.  of  Yelisa- 
vetgrad, and  flows  S.  into  the  Dnieper  8  miles  N.E.  of 
Kherson.     Length,  220  miles. 

lugoor,  Ingour,  or  Ingur,  in-goon',  written  also 
Inguri  and  Ingouri,  in-goo'ree,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises 
on  the  S.  slope  of  the  Caucasus,  flows  W.S.W.,  and  falls  into 
the  Black  Sea.     Total  course,  70  miles. 

Ingouville^  &s»*goo'veer,  a  former  town  of  France, 
department  of  Seine-Inferieure,  on  a  slope  commanding  a 
fine  view  of  the  Seine,  1  mile  N.  of  Havre.  It  has  chemi- 
cal works  and  sugar-refineries,  and  numerous  villas  of  the 
inhabitants  of  Havre,  to  which  city  it  has  been  annexed, 

Iiigoygcm,  or  Ingoyghem,  ing'Hoi-nfim*,  a  village 
of  Belgium,  in  West  Flanders,  8  miles  E.  of  Courtrai. 
Pop.  1700. 

Ingraham,  ing'gra-am,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co..  111., 
about  14  miles  N.E.  of  Flora.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  about  15  houses. 

Ingrahain,  a  township  of  Mills  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  504. 

Ingraham,  a  post-office  of  Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  about  9 

liles  N.  of  Plattsburg. 

Ingrahamville,  ing'gra-am-vil,  a  hamlet  in   Paw- 

icket  township,  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  on  the  navigable 
'awtuckct  River,  IJ  miles  S.  of  Pawtucket.  It  has  a 
rick  mill  for  cotton  yarn. 

Ingrain,  ing'gram,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on 
;he  Pan-IIandle  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of  Pittsburg,  at  the  S. 

d  of  a  tunnel  on  that  road.     Hero  are  coal-beds. 

Ingram's,  a  township  of  Johnston  co.,  N.C.     P.  1326. 

Ingrandes,  iNo'gr5Nd',  a  town  of  France,  in  Maine-et- 
Loire,  on  the  Loire,  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Angers.  It  has 
tanneries,  oil-mills,  &o.     Pop.  1328. 

Ingria,  in'gre-a  (Ger.  Inijermannland,  ing'^r-mlnn- 
llnt^),  an  old  province  of  Russia,  now  forming  part  of  the 
government  of  St.  Petersburg.  The  Ingrians  proper,  or 
Vod,  are  one  of  the  native  Finnic  tribes  of  this  region, 
speaking  their  own  language,  and  mostly  of  the  Protestant 
faith.     They  are  very  poor,  and  number  about  17,800. 

Ingrowitz,  in'gro-^its\  a  town  of  Moravia,  32  miles 
N.E.  of  Iglau.     Pop.  1600. 

Ingul  and  Inguletzt    See  Ikgoot.  and  Ingoolets. 

Ingur,  or  Inguri,  Russia.    See  Ingoor. 

Ingweiler,  ing'\^i-ler,  Ingwiller,  ijs»VecPlaiR',  or 
Ilcngwillcr,  hdNo'veePlaiR',  a  town  of  Germany,  Alsace, 
on  the  Moder,  11  miles  N.N.E.  of  Zabern.     Pop.  2276. 

Inhaniban,  or  Inhambane,  ecn-3,m-bAn',  a  Portu- 
guese town  of  East  Africa,  at  the  head  of  a  deep  bay,  200 
miles  N.E.  of  Delagoa  Bay.  It  has  a  fort,  and  exports  oil- 
nuts,  india-rubber,  wax,  ivory,  and  copal.  Pop.  6500. 
Near  it  the  Inhamban  River,  after  a  S.E.,  course  of  150 
miles,  reaches  the  sea. 

Inhambupe,  oen-y&m  boo'pi,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state 
and  90  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bahia,  on  the  Inhambupe. 

Inhauma,  ecn-ydw'm&,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state  and 
8  miles  N.B.  of  Rio  Janeiro,     Pop.  2000. 

Inia,  ee'ne-S,,  a  river  of  Siberia,  rises  in  lat.  64°  N.,  Ion. 
87°  E.,  and  joins  the  Obi  near  Koly  van. 

Iniesta,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Hiniesta. 

Inisheer,  Inishmain,  and  luishmore.  See 
Arban  Islands. 


Inishmulcloghy,  ancient  name  for  Coney  Island. 

Inistioge,  a  town  of  Ireland.     See  Innistogue. 

Inistioge,  in-is-te-Cg',  or  Pro'ton,  a  post-villago  in 
Grey  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  Toronto,  Grey  <fc  Bruce  Railway, 
35  miles  N.N.W.  of  Orangeville.  It  has  a  store  and  a  saw- 
mill.    Pop.  100. 

Injeh-Soo,  Iiyeh-Su,  or  Inge-Su,  in*j?h-soo',  a 
town  of  Asia  Minor,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Kaisareej'eh.  It  has 
about  750  Greek  and  the  same  number  of  Mohammedan 
residences,  2  churches,  and  a  handsome  khan. 

Injeram,  in-jeh-rim',  a  town  of  British  India,  presi- 
dency of  Madras,  35  miles  S.E.  of  Rajahmundry,  on  the  N. 
branch  of  the  Godavery. 

Inkerman,  ink-?r-m8,n'  (anc.  Doro»!),  a  village  and 
seaport  of  South  Russia,  in  the  Crimea,  35  miles  S.W.  of 
Simferopol,  It  was  once  a  celebrated  city,  and  has  numer- 
ous caverns  cut  in  the  rock,  supposed  to  be  the  work  of  the 
monks  in  the  Middle  Ages.  Near  this  place,  November  5, 
1854,  was  fought  the  battle  of  Inkerman,  between  the  Eng- 
lish and  French,  on  one  side,  and  the  Russians  on  the  other. 

Ink'erman,  a  post-office  of  Hardy  co.,  W.  Va. 

Ink'ernian,  a  post-village  in  Dundas  co.,  Ontario,  21 
miles  N.  of  Iroquois.     It  has  a  saw-mill,  &c.     Pop.  256. 

Inkerman,  Quebec.     See  Bristol. 

Ink'ster,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  14  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Detroit.     It  has  a  church,  <fcc. 

Inkster,  a  post-village  of  Grand  Forks  co.,  N.D.,  19 
miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Larimore.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  211. 

In'land,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Inland  township,  about  27  miles  N.W.  of  Davenport.  It  has 
2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  882. 

Inland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benzie  co.,  Mich.,  in  Inland 
township,  about  33  miles  N.N.E.  of  Manistee,  and  16  miles 
S.AV.  of  Traverse  City.     Pop.  of  the  township,  185. 

Inland,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co..  Neb.,  on  the  Burling- 
ton &,  Missouri  River  Railroad,  91  miles  W.  of  Lincoln. 

Inland,  Summit  co.,  0.    See  Greensburo. 

In'man,  a  post-office  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C. 

Inman's(in'manz)  Grove,apost-officeof  Holt  co.,  Neb. 

Inn,  inn  (anc.  (E'nm),  a  river  of  Central  Europe,  and 
one  of  the  principal  affluents  of  the  Danube,  rises  in  the 
Engadine,  Switzerland,  in  the  canton  of  Grisons,  flows 
mostly  N.E.,  through  the  Tyrol  and  Bavaria,  and  joins  the 
Danube  at  Passau.  Total  course  estimated  at  250  miles. 
In  a  part  of  its  course  it  forms  the  W.  frontier  of  Austria. 
On  its  banks  are  the  towns  of  Imst,  Innspruck,  Kufstcin, 
Wasserburg,  and  MUhldorf. 

Innaconda,  in-nil-kon'd4,  a  town  of  India,  district 
and  52  miles  S.W.  of  Guntoor.  It  is  a  place  of  large  trade. 
Pop,  4261, 

■Innerberg,  a  town  of  Austria,     See  Eisenerz. 

In'ner  Islands,  a  group  of  islands  in  the  district  of 
Bonavista,  Newfoundland.  10  miles  from  Green's  Pond. 

In'nerkip,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Renfrew,  on  the 
Firth  of  Clyde,  44  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Greenock.     P.  637. 

In'nerkip,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  co.  Ontario,  8 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Woodstock.  It  contains  grist-  and  saw- 
mills, 5  cheese-factories,  and  3  stores.     Pop.  200. 

Innerleithen,  in'n§r-lee'TH?n,  or  InVcrlei'tlien, 
a  village  and  watering-place  of  Scotland,  co.  and  5i  miles 
by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Peebles.  It  is  the  "St.  Ronan's  Well"  of 
Sir  Walter  Scott.  It  has  mineral  springs  and  woollen-millg. 
Pop.  1605. 

Innerness,  Scotland,    See  Inverness. 

Innerste,  in'n§r-st?h,  a  river  of  Germany,  rises  in  the 
Ilarz  Mountains,  in  Hanover,  and  joins  the  Lcine  after  a 
course  of  nearly  60  miles, 

Innis,  a  Celtic  word,  signifying  "  island,"  forming  the 
part  of  many  names  in  Ireland, 

In'nisbeg^,  numerous  small  islands  belonging  to  Ire- 
land, near  Dunmore  Head  and  other  headlands. 

In^nisbe'gil,  or  In^uisbig'gle,  an  island  of  Achil 
Sound,  Ireland,  co.  of  Mayo,  about  li  miles  long. 

In^nisboflin,  or  Boffin,  a  parish  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Galway,  comprising  the  island  of  the  same  name,  3  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Claggan  Point,  Pop,  1262.  On  its  S,  coast  is 
an  excellent  harbor,  Innisboffin  is  also  the  name  of  several 
islands  of  Ireland,  cos.  of  Donegal  and  Longford. 

Inniscattery,  in-nis-kat't?-re,  or  Scattery,  an  island 
of  Ireland,  in  the  estuary  of  the  Shannon,  co.  of  Clare,  2 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Kilrush.  Area,  100  acres.  It  was  formerly 
a  stronghold  of  the  Danes  during  their  descents  upon  Ire- 
land ;  and  it  is  in  great  part  covered  with  the  ruins  of 
ecclesiastical  and  other  edifices. 

In^nisfal'len,  a  small  island  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kerry, 
in  the  Lower  Lake  of  Killarney.     It  is  beautifully  wooded. 


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In'iiiNlii,  or  Victo'rla*  a  po«t-villaft«  in  Simoo«  oo., 
Ontario,  2i  niilca  N.N.W.  of  Lofroy.     Pop.  150. 

In^nishnii'noiit  >^  to*")  '^^  Ireland,  oo.  and  12  miles 
S  S.W.  of  Cork,  on  Iho  Uandon.     Pop.  454. 

In^nishnrk't  nn  island  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Oalway,  S.W. 
of  Innitibotnn,  has  a  circuit  of  about  4  miles. 

In^nishere't  an  island  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Qalway,  sep- 
arated by  tho  South  Sound  from  the  co.  of  Clare,  distant  6 
miles.     Pop.  -iUo. 

In^nishcr'kin,  or  Sher'kin,  an  island  of  Ireland,  at 
the  entrance  of  Baltimore  IJay,  co.  of  Corlc. 

Innisligeily  in'nish-ghoel',  an  island  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Oiilwny,  in  hough  Corrib,  4  miles  S.  of  Cong. 

Inniskca,  in^nis-k^',  two  islands  oflf  the  W.  coast  of 
Ireland,  co.  of  Mayo,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Achil  Head. 

In^niskecl',  a  small  island  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Donegal, 
in  Quibarra  Bay. 

In^nismur'ray^  a  small  island  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Sligo, 
near  the  S.  side  of  the  entrnnco  to  Donegal  Bay,  13  miles 
N.W.  of  Sligo. 

Innistogiic,  in'nis-t5g',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kil- 
kenny, on  the  Nore,  here  crossed  by  a  handsome  bridge  of 
ten  arches,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  New  Ross.     Pop.  701. 

In^nistiirk'f  an  island  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Mnyo,  in  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  4i  miles  S.S.W.  of  Clare  Island,  and  6  miles 
W.  of  tho  mainland.  It  is  2  miles  long,  by  about  li  broad. 
Pop.  112. 

In'nisville,  or  En'nisTillo,  a  post- village  in  Lanark 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  15  miles  N.  of  Perth. 
It  contains  saw-,  grist-,  and  oatmeal-mills,  and  a  woollen- 
factory.  Pop.  200.  A  small  steamer  runs  between  here 
and  Carleton  Place. 

Innspruck,  or  Innsbruck,  ins'prSSk  (•'.«.,  the 
"bridge  of  the  Inn"),  (anc.  jE'ni'ponn),  tne  capital  city  of 
Tyrol,  Austria,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Sill  into  the  Inn, 
here  crossed  by  3  bridges,  84  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Trent. 
Pop.  16,324.  It  consists  of  an  old  and  a  new  town  and  five 
suburbs,  the  latter  better  built  and  more  extensive  than  the 
city  proper.  The  houses  are  mostly  4  or  5  stories  in  height, 
and  in  the  Italian  style.  The  principal  edifices  are  the 
Franciscan  church,  several  other  fine  churches,  the  palace, 
■witli  public  gardens  stretching  along  the  Inn,  an  old  palace, 
now  used  for  public  offices,  a  botanic  garden,  a  gymnasium 
and  normal  school,  the  Ferdinandeum  and  various  other 
museums,  a  seminary  for  ladies,  a  provincial  house  of 
correction,  council-chambers,  a  town  nail,  a  theatre,  and 
a  handsome  ball-room.  The  university,  founded  in  1672, 
has  50  professors  and  a  library  of  50,000  volumes.  A 
statue  of  Joseph  II.,  and  a  triumphal  arch  raised  by  Maria 
Theresa,  are  among  tho  conspicuous  ornaments  of  the 
city.  Innspruck  has  manufactures  of  silk,  woollen,  and 
cotton  goods,  leather,  glass,  cutlery,  and  sealing-wax,  and  a 
considerable  trade  with  Italy  and  countries  N.  of  the  Alps. 
It  is  the  seat  of  the  state  assembly,  and  other  superior  de- 
partments of  the  public  service  for  the  Tyrol  and  Vorarlberg. 

In'iiy,  a  river  of  Ireland,  in  Leinster,  rises  in  Lough 
Sheeland,  flows  S.W.,  and  falls  into  Lough  Ree. 

Innycotta,  in'ne-kot't.\,  called  also  Hin§rhenghaut, 
Ilinganghatf  and  Hingunghat,  hln'gan-gawt',  a 
town  of  India,  Central  Provinces,  20  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of 
Wurdah.     It  has  a  good  trade.     Pop.  8361. 

In-Oghi,  in-o  ghee,  a  large  village  of  Asia  Minor,  26 
miles  N.  of  Kutaieb,  with  remarkable  caverns. 

Inowrazlaw,  or  Inowraclaw,  e-nov-rlts'llv  (Ger. 
Junrj-Breglau,  ySSng-brds'low),  a  town  of  Prussia,  province 
of  Posen,  at  a  railway  junction,  26  miles  E.S.E.  of  Brom- 
berg.  It  has  several  churches,  a  convent,  a  synagogue,  a 
hospital,  distilleries,  saltpetre-works,  and  great  beds  of  rock 
salt.     Pop.  9147,  one-half  of  whom  are  Jews. 

Inquisivi)  een-ke-so-vee',  a  town  of  Bolivia,  province 
of  La  Paz,  on  a  plateau  in  the  mountains  of  Cocasuyo. 

Insalah,  a  town  of  Algeria.    See  Ais-Salah. 

Insara,  in-si'ri,  or  Inssar,  in-sau',  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  57  miles  N.N.W.  of  Penza.     Pop.  3518. 

Insch,  inch,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.  and  26  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Aberdeen.     Pop.  553. 

Inseln  des  Griinen  Vorgebirges  ("islands  of  the 
green  promontory").    See  Cape  Verd  Islands. 

In'skip,  a  post-office  of  Butte  co.,  Cal.,  about  60  miles 
N.  of  Marys  ville. 

Inssar,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Insara. 

Instcr,  in'st^r,  a  river  of  East  Prussia,  unites  with  the 
Angerap  in  forming  the  Pregcl.     Length,  about  45  miles. 

Insterburg,  in'8t?r-booRG\  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  16 
miles  W.N.AV.  of  Gunibinncn,  at  the  confluence  of  the  An- 
gerap and  tho  Inster  (which  hero  receives  the  name  of 
Pregel),  and  at  an  important  railway  junction.   Pop.  16,303. 


It  has  a  castle,  a  high  school,  Protestant  churches,  a  normal 
school,  and  manufactures  of  woollen,  cotton,  and  linen  fab. 
rics,  stockings,  sugar,  leather,  and  earthenwares. 

Insua,  een'soo  &,  a  mountain-rnngo  of  llrnzil,  statn 
of  Matto-U rosso,  near  the  W.  bank  of  the  Parnguay.  A 
ravine  at  the  bottom  of  this  range  separates  it  I'roui  the 
Scrrados  Dourados,  and  furnishes  an  outlet  for  Lakes  Man- 
diore,  Unhiba,  and  Uburaba. 

Insula,  an  ancient  name  of  Lii.i.r. 

lUNUIa,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  the  Islb. 

Insula  Asturac,  the  ancient  name  of  AsTtritA. 

Insula  Cicic,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Bayo.na. 

Interamna,  the  ancient  name  of  Teuni. 

Interainni,  the  8up)>osed  ancient  mime  of  Saltaleoh. 

Interamnia,  the  ancient  name  of  Tbramo. 

In'tercourse,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa., 
about  12  miles  E.  of  Lancaster.     It  has  4  churches. 

Interlachen,  or  Interlakcn,  in't«r-l&K'fn,  a  villiige 
of  Switzerland,  canton  and  26  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Bern, 
on  the  Aar,  between  Lakes  Thun  and  Brienz.  The  village 
is  much  resorted  to  in  summer,  and  has  a  reading-rooui, 
kursaal,  and  library.  The  rich  abbey  of  Interlachen  was 
suppressed  in  the  sixteenth  century. 

Interlachen,  in't^r-l&K^^n,  a  post-village  of  Putnam 
CO.,  Fla.,  about  18  miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Palatka.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  public  school.     Pop.  207. 

Internie'diate,  a  post-hamlet  of  Charlevoix  CO.,  Mich., 
13  miles  S.  of  Charlevoix.    It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Internum  Mare.    See  Mediterranean. 

Intimclium  Albiuni,  Italy.    See  Vintimiqlia. 

Intra,  in'tri,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  province  of 
Novara,  H  miles  N.E.  of  Pallanza,  on  the  W.  side  of  Lago 
Maggiore.     Pop.  4258. 

Introdacqua,  in-tro-dik'kw&,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Aquila,  4  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Sulmona.     Pop.  5324. 

Invcrary,  in-v§r-4.'ree,  a  burgh  and  seaport  town  of 
Scotland,  capital  of  tho  co.  of  Argyle,  on  a  bay  on  tho  W. 
shore  of  Loch  Fyne,  40  miles  N.W.  of  Glasgow.  It  has  a 
prison.  The  borough  unites  with  Ayr,  Campbeltown,  Oban, 
and  Irvine  in  sending  one  member  to  tho  Ilouseof  Commons. 
W.  of  the  town  is  Inverary  Castle,  the  chief  scat  of  the 
Duke  of  Argyle.     Pop.  984. 

Invera'ry,  a  post-oflice  of  Sevier  co.,  Utah. 

Invera'ry,  or  Stor'rington,  a  post-village  in  Fron- 
tenac  co.,  Ontario,  12  miles  N.  of  Kingston.  It  contains  2 
hotels  and  3  stores. 

Inverbervie,  a  town  of  Scotland.    Sec  Bervie. 

InVercar'gill,  a  town  of  New  Zealand,  capital  of  tho 
county  of  Southland,  on  New  River,  an  inlet  reaching  N. 
from  Foveaux  Strait,  at  a  railway  junction,  110  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Dunedin.  It  has  a  hospital,  several  newspapers, 
several  saw-mills,  and  ships  much  timber,  wool,  preserved 
meat,  <tc.  Small  vessels  may  load  at  the  town,  and  larger 
ones  at  Bluff  Harbor,  its  port.     Pop.  4500. 

In^vergor'don,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ross,  on 
the  N.  side  of  the  Firth  of  Cromarty,  12  miles  by  rail  N.E. 
of  Dingwall.     Pop.  1157. 

In'ver  Grove,  a  township  of  Dakota  co.,  Minn.    P.  920. 

InVcrhu'ron,  a  post-village  in  Bruce  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Lake  Huron,  23  miles  S.S.W.  of  Southampton.  It  contains 
several  saw-  and  grist-mills,  a  store,  and  2  hotels,  and  has 
a  large  grain-trade  by  tho  lake.     Pop.  150. 

Inverkcithing,  in-v?r-kee'Tning,  a  town  of  Scotland, 
CO.  of  Fife,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  Firth  of  Forth,  10  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Edinburgh.  It  is  connected  by  railway-ferry 
with  Queensferry.  It  has  several  schools  and  public  libra- 
ries, and  near  it  are  some  foundries,  mills,  tanneries,  brick- 
works, and  a  ship-building-yari>.     Pop.  1763. 

Inverlcithen,  Scotland.    See  Innerleithen. 

Inverlochy,  a  castle  of  Scotland.    See  Makvbcrgii. 

InVermay',  a  post-village  in  Bruce  co.,  Ontario,  13 
miles  S.W.  of  Owen  Sound.  It  contains  2  saw-mills,  a  grist- 
mill, a  tannery,  4  stores,  ond  2  hotels.     Pop.  150. 

Inverness,  in'T§r-n4ss'( formerly  Inncrncss),  aburgh 
of  Scotland,  capital  of  a  county,  and  of  the  North  High- 
lands, on  both  sides  of  the  Ness,  within  a  mile  of  its  influx 
into  Moray  Firth,  82  miles  W.N.W.  of  Aberdeen.  It  is  an 
important  railway  centre.  It  stands  in  a  beautiful  |)lain 
near  the  Caledonian  Canal,  on  which  are  wharves  for  load- 
ing and  unloading  goods.  The  principal  edifices  are  tho 
High  church,  county  buildings  on  Castlo  Hill,  the  ruins 
of  a  citadel  built  by  Cromwell,  2  endowed  academies,  other 
schools,  an  infirmary,  dispensary,  town  hall,  jail,  mechanics' 
institute,  the  united  charities,  various  libraries,  public  read- 
ing-rooms, the  custom-house,  exchange,  and  the  fine  Angli- 
can cathedral.  In  its  environs  are  many  beautiful  villas. 
Inverness  has  manufactures  of  linens,  plaidings,  woollen 


INV 


14G5 


ICffiT 


«id  hemp,  with  ship-building  docks,  browerios,  railway- 
ihops,  and  tanneries.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  Anglican  bishop 
of  Sloray.  Inverness  is  very  ancient,  and  was  the  capital 
of  the  Pictish  kingdom  in  the  sixth  century.     Pop.  14,469. 

Inverness',  or  Inverness-shire,  inV^rndss'-shir, 
a  maritime  and  Highland  county  of  Scotland,  the  largest  in 
the  kingdom,  extending  across  the  island  from  sea  to  sea, 
having  N.  Moray  Firth  and  Ross-shire,  and  W.  the  Atlantic 
Ocean.  It  comprises  also  some  of  the  Western  Islands,  of 
which  Skye  is  the  principal.  Area,  4255  square  miles.  The 
ijurface  is  mountainous,  rugged,  and  well  wooded.  The 
principal  rivers  are  the  Spey,  Ness,  Beauly,  Lochy,  Garry, 
and  (ilass.  Lakes  are  numerous.  It  is  chiefly  a  pastoral 
county,  cattle,  sheep,  and  wool  being  its  principal  exports. 
The  county  is  traversed  the  whole  of  its  length  from  S.W. 
to  N.E.  by  the  Caledonian  Canal.  The  principal  town  is 
Inverness,  the  capital.  The  county  sends  one  member  to  the 
House  of  Commons.    Pop.  in  1881,90,454;  in  1891,88,362. 

Inverness',  a  township  of  Cheboygan  co.,  Mich.,  on 
Mackinaw  Strait.     Pop.  522. 

Inverness,  a  post-ofBce  of  Cumberland  oc,  N.G.,  23 
miles  W.  of  Fayetteville. 

Inverness,  Columbiana  co.,  0.    See  Highlandtown. 

Inverness',  a  county  of  Nova  Scotia,  occupying  the 
W.N.W.  portion  of  the  island  of  Cape  Breton.  Area,  1385 
square  miles.  There  is  excellent  land  in  the  county,  and 
agriculture  is  the  general  occupation  of  the  people,  who  are 
also  largely  engaged  in  the  fisheries.  Coal  and  petroleum 
are  obtained  in  Inverness.     Capital,  Port  Hood.     P.  23,415. 

Inverness,  a  post-village  in  Megantio  co.,  Quebec,  11 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Becancour  Station.  It  contains  8  stores,  a 
tannery,  several  grist-,  saw-,  carding-,  and  fulling-mills, 
and  a  printing-office  issuing  a  weekly  newspaper. 

Inveruno,  in-vi-roo'no,  or  Invruno,  in-vroo'no,  a 
village  of  Italy,  17  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Milan.     Pop.  2192. 

InVeru'ry,  or  Inverurie,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co. 
and  16  miles  by  rail  N.AV.  of  Aberdeen,  at  the  confluence 
of  the  Dee  and  the  Ury.  The  burgh  unites  with  Banff, 
Cullen,  Kintore,  and  Peterhead  in  sending  one  member  to 
the  House  of  Commons,  The  Aberdeen  Canal  terminates 
at  Port  Elphinstone,  near  Inverury. 

Inves'tigator  Islands,  a  group  off  the  S.  coast  of 
Australia,  in  lat.  33°  45'  S.,  Ion.  134°  30'  E.,  comprising 
Flinders  Island  and  several  islets. 

Investigator  Strait,  of  South  Australia,  between 
Kangaroo  Island  and  Yorke  Peninsula,  25  miles  across,  con- 
nects Spencer  Gulf  with  the  ocean. 

Invibiis  and  Inviac,  ancient  names  of  Exvie. 

Invorio  Inferiore,  in-vo're-o  in-fi-re-o'ri,  or  InvO' 
rio  Maggiore,  mid-jo'ri,  a  village  of  Italy,  about  3 
miles  from  Arona.     Pop.  2491. 

Invorio  Superiors,  soo-p4-re-o'r4,  or  Minore,  mo- 
no'ri,  a  village  of  Ital^,  about  3  miles  from  Arona. 

In' wood,  a  post-village  ot  xdarshall  co.,  Ind.,  90  miles 
fcy  rail  E.S.E.  of  Chicago.     It  has  a  church,  <fec. 

Inwood,  a  post-village  of  Lyon  co.,  Iowa,  9  miles  by 
rail  E.  by  S.  of  Canton,  S.D.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank, 
a  creamery,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  about  300. 

In'yack,  In'yak,  or  Saint  Mary,  an  island  of 
Africii,  in  Delagoa  Bay. 

In'yan  Ka'ra  Creek  rises  among  the  Black  Hills, 
aearthe  W.  boundary  of  South  Dakota,  runs  northwestward, 
and  enters  the  Belle  Fourche  in  Laramie  co.,  Wyoming. 
Near  its  source  is  a  raountnin  called  Inyan  Kara  Peak. 

Inynn  Reakah,  r^-ah'ka  ("river  of  the  rock"),  or 
Rock  River,  rises  in  Minnesota,  and  runs  southward, 
passes  into  Iowa,  and  finally  enters  the  Sioux  River  on  the 
W.  border  of  Sioux  co.,  Iowa. 

Inyan  Yankey  River.    See  Little  Sioux  River. 

In'yo,  a  county  of  California,  borders  on  Nevada.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Sierra  Nevada,  and  is  traversed 
by  two  parallel  ranges,  called  Inyo  and  Panamint  Moun- 
tains, the  direction  of  which  is  nearly  N.  and  S.  On  the 
western  border  of  this  county  stand  two  of  the  highest  peaks 
of  the  Sierriv  Nevada, — Mount  Whitney,  which  has  an  alti- 
tude of  14,898  feet,  and  Mount  Tyndall,  14,386  feet.  This 
Bounty  contains  extensive  plains  of  sterile  sand,  in  which 
water  and  timber  are  scarce.  The  largest  stream  of  this 
county  is  Owens  River,  which  enters  Owens  Lake,  a  body 
of  saline  water  having  no  outlet.  Among  the  remarkable 
features  of  this  region  is  the  "  Death  Valley,"  which  is  40 
miles  long  or  more,  is  sunk  far  below  the  level  of  the  sea, 
and  is  destitute  of  vegetation.  Gold  and  silver  are  found 
in  this  county  near  the  Sierra  Nevada.  The  Carson  <fc 
Colorado  Railroad  extends  to  Keeler,  in  this  county.  Capi- 
tal, Independence.  Area,  10,020  square  miles.  Pop.  in 
1870,  1956;  in  1880,  2928;  in  1890,  3544. 
93 


Inzago,  in-zi'go  (L.  Anticiacum),  a  village  of  Itaty, 
in  Milan,  4  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Gorgonzola.     Pop.  3566. 

Inzer,  in'zer  (?),  a  river  of  Russia,  in  Orenboorg,  rises 
in  the  Ural  Mountains,  and  joins  the  Belaia  about  50  miles 
S.B.  of  Oofa.     Length,  150  miles. 

Inzersdorf,  int's^rs-donr,  a  village  of  Lower  Austria, 
4  miles  S.  of  Vienna,  on  the  Liesingbach,  and  on  the  rail- 
way to  Gratz.     Pop.  7502. 

Inzili,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Enzellee. 

Inzinzac,  &No^ziNo'zik',  a  village  of  France,  in  Mot 
bihan,  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lorient.     Pop.  330. 

Inzlingen,  ints'ling-^n,  a  village  of  Baden,  near  Loi  ■ 
rach.     Pop.  1129. 

loka,  i-o'ka,  a  post-village  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Jackson  township,  about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Ottumwa.     It  has 

2  churches. 

lola,  i-o'la,  a  post-village  of  Calhoun  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
Appalachioola  River,  about  60  miles  W.S.W.  of  Tallahassee. 
It  has  2  churches. 

lola,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co..  111.,  on  the  Springfield 
division  of  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  83  miles  S.E. 
of  Springfield.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  car- 
riage-factory.    Pop.  about  300. 

lola,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Iowa,  in  Clay  township, 

3  miles  from  Durham  Station. 

lola,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Allen  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Neosho  River,  in  lola  township,  and  on  the  Leavenworth, 
Lawrence  &  Galveston  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Humboldt, 
and  78  miles  S.  of  Lawrence.  It  has  7  churches,  a  graded 
school,  2  banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  carriage-works,  marble- 
works,  and  a  cider-  and  vinegar-factory.  Here  is  a  remark- 
able flowing  well  of  gas  and  mineral  water,  750  feet  deep. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1706;  of  the  township,  2743. 

lola,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co..  Pa.,  about  14  miles 
N.  by  £.  of  Danville.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
saw-mill. 

lola,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grimes  co.,  Tex.,  20  miles  E.  by 
N.  of  Bryan.     It  has  2  stores.     Pop.  about  30. 

lola,  a  post-village  of  Waupaca  co.,  AVis.,  about  44  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Appleton.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

loli,  e-o'ie,  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Bombay  presidency. 
Pop.  17,574. 

I'on,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa,  in  Fairview 
township,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Lansing.     It  has  2  churches. 

lona,  e-o'na,  Icolmkill,  ik^om-kill'  {i.e.,  I-Columh- 
kill,  "the  isle  of  Columba's  retreat"  or  "cell"),  an  island 
of  the  Hebrides,  in  Scotland,  co.  of  Argyle,  off  the  S.W. 
extremity  of  the  island  of  Mull.  Area,  2000  acres.  In  the 
Middle  Ages  it  was  highly  celebrated  as  the  seat  of  an 
abbey  founded  in  the  sixth  century  by  St.  Columba,  which 
long  remained  the  chief  seat  of  learning  in  the  N.  and  the 
centre  of  missionary  enterprise  undertaken  by  the  Culdeos. 
Its  ruined  cathedral  or  abbey,  on  its  E.  side,  is  160  feet  in 
length  by  60  in  its  greatest  breadth,  and,  like  most  of  its 
other  edifices,  is  of  a  much  later  date.  St.  Oran's  Chapel  is 
in  the  Saxon  style ;  St.  Mary's  and  other  parts  are  of  a  later 
architecture. 

lona,  e-o'na,  a  post-office  of  Cape  Girardeau  co.,  Mo. 

lo'na  (formerly  Cranetown),  a  hamlet  in  Gloucester 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  25  miles  S.  of  Cam- 
den.    It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

lona,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Alleghany 
Valley  Railroad,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Plum  Creek  Branch  Railroad,  i  mile  from 
Verona  Station. 

lona,  a  post-office  of  Lebanon  co..  Pa. 

lo'na,  a  post- village  in  Elgin  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  Canada 
Southern  Railway,  13  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Thomas.  It  con- 
tains 6  stores  and  2  hotels.     Pop.  500. 

lona  Island,  an  island  of  Rockland  co.,  N.Y.,  in  th« 
Hudson  River,  about  40  miles  above  Now  York. 

lone,  i'on,  a  post-village  of  Amador  co.,  Cal.,  on  or 
near  Sutter  Creek,  about  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sacramento, 
and  48  miles  by  rail  from  Stockton.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
common  school,  1  or  2  flour-mills,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Gold  is  found  near  this  place.  Pop  in  1880,  636;  in  1890, 
806. 

lone  City,  a  post-village  and  mining-camp  of  Nye  co., 
Nevada,  on  Reese  River,  about  50  miles  S.S.W.  of  Austin. 
It  has  2  quartz-mills. 

loni,  i-o'ne,  a  post-office  of  Anderson  co.,  Tex. 

Ionia,  i-o'ne-a,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of 
Michigan,  has  an  area  of  676  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  Grand  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Flat,  Maplo, 
and  Looking-Glass  Rivers.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and 
extensively  covered  with  dense  forests,  in  which  the  boech, 


ION 


1466 


low 


pin^,  Knd  •agar-mnple  abound.  It  oontains  alto  many  opon 
groTM  of  oak  and  hiokory,  oallod  "  oak  opening*."  The 
•oil  it  uniformly  fortilo.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oata,  hay, 
wwul.  lumber,  and  butter  are  the  ttaple  pro<lucts.  This 
eounty  is  iniercoctcd  by  the  Detroit,  Lansing  A  Northern 
jftailroad  and  the  Detroit,  Grand  llavon  i,  Milwaukee 
Rtdlroad,  both  of  which  communicate  with  Ionia,  the  oap- 
itiil  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  27,681 ;  in  18S0,  33,872; 
in  1S90,  32,801. 

loniaf  a  decayed  post-village  of  Warren  oo.,  111.,  about 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Galosburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Ionia,  a  pott-villuge  of  Chickasaw  eo.,  Iowa,  S  miles 
by  mil  W.  by  S.  of  New  Hamt>ton.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
graded  school,  a  bank,  and  a  dairy.     Pop.  about  260. 

lonia^  a  post-hamlet  in  Ionia  township,  Jewell  oo., 
Kansas,  near  Limestone  Creek,  about  11  miles  S.W.  of 
Jewell  Centre.     Pop.  of  the  township,  684. 

Ionia,  a  post-town  or  city,  capital  of  Ionia  oo.,  Mich., 
on  Grand  River,  and  on  the  Detroit,  Grand  Haven  &  Mil- 
waukee Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Detroit,  Lansing  & 
Northern  Railroad,  34  miles  £.  of  Grand  Rapids,  and  38 
miles  N.W.  of  Lansing.  A  branch  railroad  extends  hence 
67  miles  northward  to  Big  Rapids.  Ionia  is  noted  for  its 
fine  residences,  and  has  8  churches,  a  high  school,  a  national 
bank,  a  savings-bank,  2  private  banks,  2  iron-foundries,  a 
pottery,  a  brewery,  a  brick -yard,  2  flouring- mills,  a  wagon- 
factory,  2  furniture-factories,  and  railroad  machine-shops. 
Two  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers  are  published  at  this 
place.     Pop.  in  1890,  4482. 

Ionia,  a  post-village  of  Dixon  co.,  Neb.,  on  the  Missouri 
River,  4  miles  S.  of  Burbank  Station,  and  about  30  miles 
by  land  N.W.  of  Sioux  City,  Iowa.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Ionia,  a  hamlet  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Van  Buren 
tOAvnship,  i  mile  from  Memphis  Station.    It  has  2  churches. 

louia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dinwiddie  co.,  Va.,  on  the  At- 
lantic, Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad,  IS  miles  W.  of  Peters- 
burg.    It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  and  20  families. 

Ionia  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pettis  co..  Mo.,  about  16 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Sedalia. 

Ionian  (i-o'ne-an)  Islands  (Fr.  Hea  Ton!enne*,eo\  zee^- 
o'ne-finn' ;  Ger.  lonitche  Iimeln,  e-o'nish-^h  in's&ln  ;  It.  /»ole 
loiii'che,  ee'so-14  e-o'no-kA;  Sp.  Inlat  Jonicns,  ees'lis  Ho'ne- 
kls),  an  insular  group,  situated  ia  the  Mediterranean  off  the 
W.  const  of  Greece  and  Epirus,  and  forming  the  eparchies 
of  Corfu,  Zante,  and  Cephalonia,  in  the  kingdom  of  Greece, 
between  lat.  36°  and  40°  N.  and  Ion.  19°  and  23°  E.,  and 
c<.nsisting  of  Corfu,  Cephalonia,  Zante,  Santa  Maura,  Ithaca, 
Paxo,  and  Cerigo,  with  Fano,  Merlcra,  Meganisi,  Calamo, 
Servi,  Cerigotto,  and  many  smaller  islands.  United  area, 
1092  square  miles.  Pop.  229,516,  nearly  all  of  Greek  de- 
scent. The  surface  is  mountainous,  and  generally  covered 
with  heath,  but  in  some  of  the  larger  islands  are  fertile 
plains.  About  half  their  surface  is  under  cultivation,  yield- 
ing wheat,  barley,  and  other  grains;  wine,  chiefly  grown 
in  the  four  largest  islands;  olive  oil,  mostly  procured  from 
Corfu  and  Zante ;  currants,  in  Zante  and  Cephalonia ;  and 
some  cotton,  flax,  and  pulse.  The  manufactures  consist  of 
woollen  fabrics  for  home  consumption,  soap  in  Corfu  and 
-Zante,  salt  in  Zante  and  Santa  Maura,  silk  fabrics  in  Zante, 
i.earthenwares,  goats'-hair  carpets,  linens,  and  sacking.  Ship- 
building is  an  important  branch  of  industry,  and  many  of 
the  population  arc  occupied  in  maritime  trade  and  naviga- 
tion. The  principal  towns  are  Corfu,  Zante,  Argostoli,  and 
Vathi.  These  islands  are  often  mentioned  in  ancient  his- 
tory, but  are  only  spoken  of  singly.  They  remained  subject 
to  Venice  from  1386  to  1797.  In  1814  they  were  placed 
nnder  British  protection,  though  forming  an  autonomous 
republic;  and  in  1864  they  were  annexed  to  the  kingdom 
of  Greece.  They  are  supposed  to  derive  their  name  from  the 
lonians,  who  planted  colonies  in  Cephalonia  (Cephallenia) 
and  some  other  of  these  islands. 

Ionian  Sea  (Fr.  Mer  Jonienne,  main  ee*o'ne-{nn';  Sp. 
Idar  Joiiico,  man  uo'ne-ko;  ano.  Ma're  lo'nium),  that  part 
of  the  Mediterranean  between  Greece  and  European  Turkey 
on  the  E.  and  Italy  and  Sicily  on  the  W.  The  principal 
inlets  are  the  Gulfs  of  Taranto,  Squillace,  Arta,  and  Patras. 
It  communicates  with  the  Adriatic  Sea  by  the  Strait  of 
Otranto,  and  contains  all  the  Ionian  Islands  except  Cerigo. 

lonopolis,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  I:«eboli. 

los,  the  ancient  name  of  Nio. 

Iosco,  i-os'ko,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Michigan,  is 
adjacent  to  Saginaw  Bay,  and  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Lake 
Huron.  Area,  about  570  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  An  Sable  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Au  Gres 
Biver.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  a 
large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other 


tree*.  Lumber  Is  the  ehiof  article  of  export.  This  oountj 
is  intersected  by  the  Detroit,  Bay  City  A,  Alpena  Railroiid 
CapiUl,  Tawas  City.  Pop.  in  1870,  3163;  in  1880,  6873" 
in  1890,  15,224.  ' 

Iosco,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  Mich.,  in  Iosco 
townshin,  33  miles  S.E.  of  Lansing.  It  has  2  churches,  % 
wagon-shop,  and  a  vinegar-factory.    Pop.  of  township,  943. 

Iosco,  a  township  of  Waseca  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  932. 

loudoma^  a  river  of  Siberia.    See  Yoodomx. 

long,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Yooo. 

lougiin  Ilolshoi,  Russia.    See  Yoooak  Boi.snoi. 

loukhnov,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Yookiixov. 

loukhnovka,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Yookhnovka. 

lourbourg,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Yoorboorc 

Iowa,  S'o-wg,  a  river  of  the  state  of  Iowa,  rises  near  th« 
S.  border  of  Winnebago  oo.,  and  runs  southward  through 
Hancock  and  Wright  cos.  It  subsequently  flows  south- 
eastward through  the  counties  of  Hardin,  Marshall,  Tama 
Johnson,  Ac,  and  enters  the  Mississippi  River  in  Louisa 
CO.  about  20  miles  S.  of  Muscatine.  It  is  about  375  miles 
long,  and  traverses  a  region  of  fertile,  undulating  prairicn. 

Iowa  (named  from  the  loway  Indians,  a  tribe  of  the 
Dakota  stock),  a  north-central  state  of  the  American  Union, 
situated  in  the  Mississippi  Valley,  and  bounded  N.  by 
Minnesota,  E.  by  Wisconsin  and  Illinois,  S.  by  Missouri,  and 
W.  by  Nebraska  and  South  Dakota.  Its  northern  limit  it 
the  parallel  of  43°  31'  N.  lat.  The  Mississippi  washes  it« 
E.  border;  on  the  S.  is  the  parallel  of  40°  36'  N.;  but  the 
Des  Moines  River,  for  a  little  distance,  is  its  southern 
boundary,  while  the  rivers  Big  Sioux  and  Missouri,  on  the 
W.,  respectively  divide  it  from  South  Dakota  and  Nebraska. 
Area,  56,025  square  miles,  one-half  of  which  in  1890  was 
under  cultivation. 

The  Face  of  the  Country  is  for  the  most  part  what  is  called 
rolling  prairie, — that  is,  a  country  with  no  marked  hills, 
but  with  long  wave-like  elevations  of  gentle  slope.  Some 
of  the  rivers  have  bold,  blufly,  and  rocky  banks;  and  in 
some  regions  near  the  larger  streams  the  soil  and  under* 
lying  drift  and  loess  have  been  deeply  eroded  by  torrents, 
giving  to  the  country  a  broken  character.  This  is  especi- 
ally true  of  some  portions  of  the  Missouri  A''allcy.  The 
highest  elevation  in  the  state,  near  Spirit  Lake,  Dickinson 
CO.,  is  1694  feet;  the  lowest  point,  the  low- water  surl'iico 
of  the  Mississippi  at  the  S.E.  angle  of  the  state,  is  44 1  fuet. 

Geology  and  Miuerale. — The  examination  of  the  succes- 
sive strata  of  rocks  revealed  on  the  bluffs  and  along  the 
river-channels  from  N.E.  to  S.AV.  shows  no  less  than  20 
well-marked  geological  formations,  ascending  from  the 
Potsdam  sandstone  of  the  N.E.  to  the  cretaceous  rocks  of 
the  S.W.  and  W.  Outside  of  this  regular  series  there  is  ia 
the  extreme  N.W.  a  small  area  of  the  singular  (azoic)  Sioux 
quartzite,  while  a  large  part  of  the  W.  is  covered  with  a  deep 
loess  or  drift,  referred  to  a  pleistocene  age.  All  the  geo- 
logical strata  are,  as  a  rule,  overlaid  by  a  drift  of  consiiler- 
ablc  depth.  In  point  of  economic  value  the  most  important 
geological  strata  are  the  coal  measures.  The  lower  coni 
measures  are  the  most  important,  and  extend  to  the  N.W. 
about  175  miles  along  the  Des  Moines  River,  from  near 
Keokuk  to  a  point  beyond  Fort  Dodge,  having  an  area 
of  about  6100  square  miles.  To  the  S.W.  occur  the  middle 
coal-measures,  whose  area  is  3400  square  miles;  and  along 
the  Nodaway  River  there  is  a  development  of  the  upper 
carboniferous  (area,  8500  square  miles),  the  latter  extending 
into  the  adjacent  states  of  Missouri,  Kansas,  and  Nebraska, 
but  its  coal  is  not  abundant.  There  are  also  detached  coal- 
fields of  some  importance.  Important  coal-mining  points 
are  at  or  near  Eldora,  Boone,  Moingona,  Des  Moines,  Pcll.-v, 
Otlcy,  Oskaloosa,  Ottumwa,  Alpine,  Coveport,  Fairfield,  Mus- 
catine, Davenport,  <tc.  The  coals  of  Iowa  are  bituminous, 
and  as  compared  with  the  coals  of  the  Alleghany  field  tlicy 
are  mostly  somewhat  inferior  in  quality,  but  they  arc  never- 
theless of  the  highest  importance  to  the  industrial  develop- 
ment of  a  state  no  more  abundantly  supplied  with  timber 
and  wood  than  Iowa  is.  Lead  is  found  mainly  in  the 
galena  limestone,  and  Dubuque  has  a  large  annual  product 
of  this  commodity.  Lime,  gypsum,  sandstone,  limestone, 
and  other  building-stones,  brick-materials,  and  fictile  clays 
are  abundant.  Peat  and  lignite  of  economic  value  are  re- 
ported to  exist  in  the  N.  and  N.  central  region. 

The  rivers  are  all  direct  or  indirect  tributaries  of  the 
Mississippi  and  Missouri  Rivers.  Among  them  are  the 
Upper  Iowa,  Turkey,  Maquoketa,  Wapsipinicon,  Cedar, 
Iowa,  Skunk  or  Checauqua,  Des  Moines,  Chariton,  Crooked, 
Nishnabatona,  Boyer,  Soldier,  Maple,  Little  Sioux,  Floyd, 
and  Rock  Rivers.  Two  or  three  of  these  have,  or  hava 
had,  a  limited  importance  as  navigable  streams;  many 
of  them  aflbrd  water-power  at  their  falls ;  and  tbo  rapidi 


low 


1467 


low 


of  the  Mississippi  at  Davenport  and  at  Keokuk  are  exten- 
givoly  utilized  for  the  same  purpose.  At  Keokuk  the 
United  States  government  has  constructed  awide  and  deep 
canal  around  the  rapids.  The  principal  lakes  are  in  the 
N.,  and  they  are  all  small.  Spirit  Lake,  Lake  Okoboji, 
Clear,  Swan,  High,  Palo  Alto,  Butlor,  and  Storm  Lakes  are 
beautiful  sheets  of  water;  and  the  Walled  Lakes,  of  which 
there  are  a  number,  present  the  singular  phenomenon  of  a 
natural  wall  of  loose  stones  surrounding  their  waters.  The 
prairies  abound  in  feathered  game,  and  are  much  visited  in 
autumn  by  sportsmen. 

Vegetation, — One-eighth  of  the  state,  it  is  claimed,  is  cov- 
ered by  natural  forests,  mostly  of  hard-wood  and  other  decid- 
uous trees, — such  as  the  oak,  walnut,  hickory,  elm,  maple, 
Cottonwood,  &c.  This  supply,  with  the  abundant  stores  of 
pine  timber  shipped  from  Minnesota  and  Wisconsin,  is 
sufficient  for  all  present  constructive  purposes,  and  the 
ooal-mines  of  the  state  afford  fuel  for  railroad  and  domestic 
uses  and  for  the  supply  of  manufactories.  The  area  of 
forest-land  is  reported  to  be  extending,  on  account  of  the 
arrest  of  prairie-fires  and  the  very  general  planting  of 
trees  by  the  settlers.  The  native  or  wild  grasses  serve  well 
as  pasturage,  and  afford  a  large  supply  of  cheap  hay.  The 
wild  rice  of  the  N!,  of  which  the  seed  was  formerly  eaten 
by  the  Indians,  affords  a  useful  paper-stock.  The  native 
tanning  plant  (a  Polyrjomim)  is  collected  and  employed  in 
tanning  leather,  for  which  use  it  is  well  adapted.  Native 
small  fruits  and  berries  exist  in  abundance,  but  their  use 
is  being  restricted  by  the  cultivation  of  improved  varieties. 

Agricultural  liesourcea,  &c. — There  is  very  little  abso- 
lutely waste  land  in  the  state.  The  prairies  are  everywhere 
covered  with  a  deep  friable  loam,  with  few  stones  and 
stumps,  and  with  but  little  marsh-  or  slough-land.  The 
bluff-country  of  the  W.  has  a  very  deep  soil  of  good 
character,  always  free  from  surplus  moisture ;  and  the  cli- 
mate of  the  whole  state  is  generally  healthful.  In  the 
N.W.  there  is  a  small  area  which  has  in  some  seasons  suf- 
fered from  drought  and  at  other  times  from  the  ravages  of 
grasshoppers.  No  state  is  naturally  better  adapted  to  the 
use  of  agricultural  machinery.  The  winter  climate  is  keen, 
and  the  snow-fall,  though  not  so  great  as  is  usual  in  New 
England,  is  sometimes  very  considerable.  The  water-supply 
is  ample  for  the  purposes  of  agriculture,  but  not  excessive. 
Ilcnce  the  air  is  usually  dry,  and  the  state,  though  newly 
settled,  is  measurably  free  from  paludal  fevers  and  catar- 
rhal diseases.  These  causes  have  greatly  stimulated  its 
development  as  an  agricultural  region.  Oats,  wheat,  corn, 
barley,  and  other  cereals,  potatoes,  hay,  dairy-products, 
wool,  linseed,  sorghum,  and  live-stock  of  all  kinds  are  pro- 
duced very  largely.  The  southern  portion  is  generally  well 
adapted  to  vine-growing.  Fruit-culture  is  attracting  much 
attention,  and  is  profitably  conducted.  Iowa  stands  in  the 
first  rank  as  a  food-producing  state. 

Manufactures  have  largely  increased  of  late,  both  steam- 
and  water-power  being  extensively  employed  as  motors. 
The  leading  articles  of  manufacture  are  flour,  lumber,  fur- 
niture, carriages,  packed  meats,  woollens,  cooperage,  sad- 
dlery, agricultural  and  other  machinery,  bricks,  pottery, 
leather,  leather  goods,  pig  lead,  metallic  Wares,  cheese, 
brewed  and  distilled  liquors,  linseed  oil,  lime,  <fec. 

The  Counties,  99  in  number,  are  Adair,  Adams,  Allama- 
kee, Appanoose,  Audubon,  Benton,  Black  Hawk,  Boone, 
Bremer,  Buchanan,  Buena  Vista,  Butler,  Calhoun,  Carroll, 
Cass,  Cedar,  Cerro  Gordo,  Cherokee,  Chickasaw,  Clarke,  Clay, 
Clayton,  Clinton,  Crawford,  Dallas,  Davis,  Decatur,  Dela- 
ware, Des  Moines,  Dickinson,  Dubuque,  Emmett,  Fayette, 
Floyd,  Franklin,  Fremont,  Greene,  Grundy,  Guthrie,  Ham- 
ilton, Hancock,  Hardin,  Harrison,  Henry,  Howard,  Hum- 
boldt, Ida,  Iowa,  Jackson,  Jasper,  Jefferson,  Johnson, 
Jones,  Keokuk,  Kossuth,  Lee,  Linn,  Louisa,  Lucas,  Lyon, 
Madison,  Mahaska,  Marion,  Marshall,  Mills,  Mitchell, 
Monona,  Monroe,  Montgomery,  Muscatine,  O'Brien,  Osce- 
ola, Page,  Palo  Alto,  Plymouth,  Pocahontas,  Polk,  Potta- 
wattamie, Poweshiek,  Ringgold,  Sac,  Scott,  Shelby,  Sioux, 
Story,  Tama,  Taylor,  Union,  Van  Buren,  Wapello,  Warren, 
Washington,  Wayne,  Webster,  Winnelaago,  Winneshiek, 
Woodbury,  Worth,  and  Wright. 

The  principal  towns  are  Des  Moines,  the  capital,  a 
thriving  city  of  the  interior  (pop.  in  1890,  60,093) ;  Sioux 
City,  an  important  railroad  centre  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Big  Sioux  River  (pop.  37,806);  Dubuque,  on  the  Missis- 
sippi, the  centre  of  the  lead-region,  and  an  important 
business  point  (pop.  30,311);  Davenport,  on  the  Missis- 
sippi, opposite  Rock  Island,  111.,  a  manufacturing  and 
commercial  city  (pop,  26,872) ;  Burlington,  a  manufac- 
turing and  business  centre  on  the  Mississippi  (pop.  22,665) ; 
Council  Bluffs,  on  the  Missouri,  opposite  Omaha,  Neb.  (pop. 


21,474) ;  Cedar  Rapids,  a  railroad  aad  manufacturing  town 
(pop.  18,020);  Keokuk,  on  the  Mississippi,  at  the  S.E. 
angle  of  the  state  (pop.  14,101);  Ottumwa,  on  the  Des 
Moines  River  (pop.  14,001);  Clinton,  on  the  Mississippi, 
opposite  Fulton,  111.  (pop.  13,619) ;  Muscatine,  on  the 
Mississippi,  and  near  important  coal-mines  (pop.  11,454); 
Marshalltown,  in  the  valley  of  the  Iowa  River  (pop.  8914) ; 
Fort  Madison,  on  the  Mississippi,  about  26  miles  above 
Keokuk  (pop.  7901);  Creston,  a  trade  and  railroad  centre 
(pop.  7200);  Iowa  City,  formerly  the  capital,  and  the  seat 
of  the  state  university  (pop.  7016);  and  numerous  other 
towns,  such  as  Waterloo,  Oskaloosa,  Boone,  Lyons,  <fcc. 

Railroads. — Iowa  has  greatly  extended  her  railroad  sys- 
tem, so  that  nearly  all  the  counties  are  traversed  by  lines 
which  extend  directly  or  indirectly  to  every  important  point 
within  the  state;  and,  moreover,  the  most  convenient  and 
direct  routes  between  the  East  and  the  far  West  pass  through 
her  limits.  The  Union  Pacific  Railroad  has  its  eastern 
terminus  within  her  borders,  and  is  reached  by  several  ex- 
cellent and  well-conducted  lines.  The  Mississippi  is  spanned 
by  iron  railroad  bridges  at  various  points,  and  the  Union 
Pacific  is  carried  across  the  Missouri  at  Omaha  on  a  simi- 
lar bridge.  In  1855  Iowa  had  68  miles  of  railroad;  in 
1860,  656;  in  1866,  891;  in  1870,  2096;  iu  1876,  3850; 
in  1887,  8324;  in  1890,  8416.  The  works  were  built  at  a 
cost  of  about  $42,000  per  road-mile. 

The  debt  of  Iowa  is  small,  and  a  large  part  is  due  to  the 
school  fund.  The  assessed  valuation  in  1889  of  real  prop- 
erty was  $374,763,112  ;  of  personal  property,  $10.3,564,136; 
of  railroads,  $43,591,410;  of  telegraphs  and  telephones, 
$658,819  ;  total  assessed  valuation,  $522,567,477. 

The  school  fund  amounts  in  all  to  more  than  $4,000,000, 
which,  as  a  whole,  gives  nearly  9  per  cent,  interest ;  and  the 
state  appropriation  and  local  school  taxes  bring  up  the 
total  amount  of  the  yearly  expenditure  for  public  schools 
to  over  $5,000,000.  The  schools  are  cared  for  by  state, 
county,  and  city  superintendents,  and  by  local  boards  of 
directors.  Women  may  hold  educational  oflftces.  School 
industrial  expositions  are  provided  for  by  law,  and  have 
given  useful  results.  Normal-school  training  is  given  in 
the  state  university,  in  Whittier  College,  Saleui,  in  the 
state  normal  schools  at  Cedar  Falls  and  Des  Moines,  and 
also  in  a  number  of  private  normal  schools.  The  state  uni- 
versity is  at  Iowa  City,  and  provides  professional  as  well  as 
academic  instruction  for  both  sexes.  There  are  1 8  denomina- 
tional incorporated  colleges  and  universities  (embracing 
several  professional  schools),  besides  several  women's  col- 
leges and  some  unincorporated  institutions  called  colleges. 
Besides  these,  the  state  agricultural  college  at  Ames  has  a 
thorough  system  of  industrial  instruction,  and  at  Vinton 
there  is  a  state  college  for  the  blind.  The  state  institution 
for  deaf-mutes  is  at  Council  Bluffs ;  the  reform  school  for 
boys  is  at  Eldora,  and  that  for  girls  at  Salem.  State  peni- 
tentiaries are  maintained  at  Fort  Madison  and  Anamosa ; 
insane  hospitals  at  Independence  and  Mount  Pleasant;  an 
orphans'  home  at  Davenport;  and  a  school  for  feeble- 
minded children  at  Glenwood,  There  are  also  many  private 
and  denominational  schools. 

Constitution,  d-c. — The  constitution  of  1846  was  abro- 
gated in  1867,  when  that  now  in  force  was  framed.  The 
governor  and  other  chief  executive  officers  are  chosen  by 
ballot  for  the  term  of  two  years.  Voters  must  have  re- 
sided in  the  state  six  months,  and  60  days  in  the  county 
where  they  vote.  Judges  are  elected  by  the  people  for  limited 
ternvs  of  years.  State  senators,  60  in  number,  are  chosen 
for  terms  of  four  years.  The  house  of  .representatives  has 
100  members,  who  serve  two  years.  The  state  sends  eleven 
members  to  the  lower  house  of  Congress. 

History. — Anciently  the  abode  of  portions  of  the  Sac, 
Fox,  Iowa,  and  Dakota  tribes  of  Indians,  this  region  was 
claimed  by  the  French,  and  was  a  part  of  the  Louisiana 
purchase  of  1803  ;  of  the  Missouri  Territory,  1812-34;  was 
a  portion  of  Michigan  Territory,  1834—36;  of  Wisconsin 
Territory,  1836-38,  the  capital  being  at  Burlington ;  was 
organized  as  Iowa  Territory  in  1838,  and  then  included  a 
large  part  of  the  present  state  of  Minnesota;  was  admitted 
as  a  state  in  1846 ;  but  the  W.  and  N.  portion  remained  aa 
Iowa  Territory  until  1849,  when  Minnesota  Territorj*  was 
organized,  receiving  a  portion  of  the  st.ate  of  Iowa  on  the 
N.,  while  at  the  same  time  Iowa  was  enlarged  by  the  addi- 
tion of  a  portion  of  the  late  Iowa  Territory,  and  received 
its  present  limits.  The  French  settled  at  Dubuque  in 
1788,  and  wrought  the  lead-mines  there ;  but  the  #ettle- 
ment  wiis  not  permanent,  and  no  town  or  settled  white 
population  existed  here  before  1833.  Its  admission  into 
the  Union  has  been  followed  by  unexampled  and  uninter- 
rupted prosperity.     The  civil  war  of.  1861-65   scarcely 


1468 


IPS 


•haekad  iti  growth,  althoagh  83,000  of  Iowa's  moat  aotire 
•itUent  bora  an  honorable  part  in  that  oontest. 

Pop.  in  1838,23,85»;  in  1840,43,112;  in  1846.97,588! 
in  1860,  102,214;  in  I860,  n74,Vi:(;  in  1870,  1,194,020;  iu 
1876,  1,360,644;  in  1880,  1,624,615;  in  1890,  1,011,896. 

Iowa*  a  county  in  the  i>.£.  oentral  part  of  Iowa,  has 
ao  area  of  570  nqaare  milos.  It  is  intoraeotod  by  the  Iowa 
River  and  Uie  North  Fork  of  the  Kngliah  lUver,  tUo  former 
of  which  runs  through  the  N.  part  of  tho  county.  The 
surface  ia  undulating  or  nearly  lovol ;  tho  aoi:!  is  fertile.  A 
large  part  of  it  is  prairie.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed 
by  the  Chicago,  Kock  Island  A  Pacifio,  and  Chicago,  Mil- 
wankee  A  St.  Paul  Uailroada.  Capital,  Marengo.  Bi- 
tuminous coal  is  found  here.  Pup.  in  1870,  16,644;  in 
1880,  10,221;  in  1890,18,270. 

IowH«  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Wisconsin,  hns  an 
area  of  about  740  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  tho  N. 
by  the  Wisconsin  Hiver,  and  is  partly  drained  by  tho  hoiid- 
ttreams  of  the  Pccatonica  llivor.  The  surface  ia  diversi- 
fied with  ridges  or  hills,  valleys,  and  forests.  The  soil  is 
calcareous  and  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  Silurian  limestone  underlies 
a  part  of  this  county,  which  has  also  minus  of  lead  and 
line.  It  is  connected  with  market  by  the  Chicago  A,  North- 
western Railroad  nnd  the  Illinois  Ceutral  Iluilroad,  both 
«f  which  communicate  with  Dodgeville,  the  capital  of  the 
county.  Pop.  In  1870,24,544;  in  1880,23,628;  in  1890, 
J2,117. 

Iowa,  a  station  in  Henderson  co..  111.,  on  the  Toledo, 
Pooria  &  Warsaw  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Chicago, 
3urling^on  i,  Quincy  Railroad,  9  miles  S.£.  of  Burlington, 
Iowa. 

Iowa*  a  township  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa,  is  the  north- 
easternmost  township  in  the  state.     Pop.  683. 

Iowa,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa,  bordering  on  the 
Iowa  River.  It  contains  Belle  Plain  and  East  Irving. 
Pop.  1152,  exclusive  of  Belle  Plain. 

Iowa,  a  township  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Cedar 
Eiver.     Pop.  1050. 

Iowa,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  223. 

Iowa,  a  township  of  Dubuque  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  842. 

Iowa,  a  township  of  Iowa  co.,  Iowa.     Pop,  1163. 

Iowa,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Missis- 
sippi River.     Pop.  1163. 

Iowa,  a  township  of  Marshall  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  460,  ex- 
elusive  of  Albion. 

loWa,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Iowa  River.     Pop.  1422. 

Iowa,  a  township  of  Winnebago  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  832. 

Iowa,  a  township  of  Wright  oo.,  Iowa,  is  traversed  by 
the  Iowa  River.     Pop.  288,     It  contains  Fryoburg. 

Iowa,  a  township  of  Doniphan  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Mis- 
souri River.  Pop.  3438.  It  contains  Highland,  Highland 
Station,  Fanning,  Iowa  Point,  and  AVhito  Cloud. 

Iowa  liar,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Bear  Lake 
CO.,  Idaho,  about  40  miles  N.  of  Soda  Springs.  Gold  is 
found  here. 

Iowa  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Story  co.,  Iowa,  on 
Indian  Creek,  7  miles  S.  of  Nevada,  and  about  27  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  graded 
school.     Pop.  248. 

Iowa  City,  or  Iowa  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Placer 
CO.,  Cal.,  about  48  miles  E.  of  Marysville.  It  has  a  brew- 
ery, 2  hotels,  6  stores,  and  2  churches.  Gold  is  found  hero, 
and  hydraulic  mining  is  the  principal  business  of  the  place. 
Pop.  about  400. 

Iowa  City,  the  capital  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa,  and  the 
capital  of  the  state  from  1839  to  1856,  is  pleasantly  situ- 
ated in  Iowa  City  township,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Iowa 
River,  54  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Davenport,  and  120  miles  E. 
of  Des  Moines.  It  is  connected  with  these  cities  by  the 
Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad.  It  is  the  seat  of 
the  Iowa  State  University,  organized  in  1860.  This  uni- 
versity, open  to  both  sexes,  comprises  six  departments, — 
tho  academic  or  collegiate,  and  schools  of  law,  medicine, 
dentistry,  and  pharmacy.  The  building  erected  for  the 
Capitol  and  six  other  buildings  are  occupied  by  this  uni- 
versity. Iowa  City  contains  21  or  22  churches,  a  high 
school,  a  commercial  college,  2  national  bunks,  3  savings- 
banks,  a  paper-mill,  a  foundry,  and  manufactures  of  car- 
riages, alcohol,  flour,  cigars,  linseed  oil,  pump^,  gloves,  <tc. 
It  also  has  printing-offices  which  issue  1  daily  and  3  weekly 
newspapers.     Pop.  in  1890,  7016. 

Iowa  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Hardin  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Hardin  township,  on  the  Iowa  liiver,  and  on  the  Illinois 
Central  or  Dubuqae  <k  Sioox  City  Railroad,  50  miles  W.  of 


Waterloo,  and  50  miles  E.  of  Fort  Dodge.    It  has  7  chureheii, 

2  bunks,  2  nuwspapur  officen,  a  cigar-fiiotory,  a  bruuiu-l'oQ. 
tory,  and  manufactures  of  ditchers.     Pop.  1796. 

Iowa  l^ake,  a  post-itffice  and  township  of  Kmm<;tt  oo., 
Iowa,  32  miles  N.W.  of  Algona.  Here  is  a  small  hike,  oa 
the  line  between  Iowa  and  Minnesota.     Pop.  45. 

Iowa  MilLs,  a  station  in  JoiTorson  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Lor 
Grade  Ruilruad,  6  miles  E.  of  Broukville. 

Iowa  Point,  a  ])ost-village  of  Doniphan  co.,  Kansas, 
on  tho  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  Atchison  &,  Nebraaka 
Railroad,  31  miles  N.  of  Atchison.  It  has  a  steam  Hour- 
mill,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  a  steamboat-landing.  Pop.  242. 

Iowa  Point,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co,,  Tex. 

lo'waville,  a  post-office  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas. 

Ipa,  ee'pA,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  Minsk,  and,  after  a 
course  of  70  milos,  joins  tho  Pripets. 

Ipava,  e-p&'v&,  a  small  lake  of  Venezuela,  forming, 
according  to  some  geogra|)her8,  the  principal  source  of  the 
Orinoco. 

Ipava,  I-pah'vt^,  a  post-village  of  Fulton  co,.  111.,  in 
Pleasant  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy 
Railroad  (Buda  &  Rushville  Branch),  10  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Lewistown,  nnd  about  44  miles  N.  of  Jacksonville.     It  hxt 

3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  flour-mill,  and  » 
woollen-mill.     Coal  is  found  near  this  place. 

Iphoven,  ip-ho'v^n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Middlo 
Franconia,  32  miles  N.N.W.  of  Anspach.     Pop.  1867. 

Ipoly,  ee'poi',  or  Eypel,  i'p§l,  a  river  of  Hungary, 
joins  the  Danube  10  miles  below  Gran,  after  a  S.S.W. 
course  estimated  at  90  miles,  for  the  lost  35  miles  of  which 
it  is  navigable. 

Ipolysagh,  ee'po?shlg',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Hont,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Krapina  with  the  Ipuly. 
Pop.  2413. 

Ipoot,  Ipout,  or  Iput,  e-poot',  a  river  of  Russia, 
after  a  S.W.  course  of  about  220  miles,  joins  the  Sozh  a 
little  above  Novo  Biclitza,  in  tho  government  of  Mohcelev, 

Ips,  or  Ybbs,  ips,  a  town  of  Austria,  at  the  confluence 
of  the  Ips  with  the  Danube,  25  miles  W.  of  St.  I'iJlten. 
Pop.  1952. 

Ipsala,  ip'si'li,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in  Rou- 
melia,  sanjak  of  Gallipoli,  on  the  Maritzn,  at  the  influx  of 
the  river  Ipeala,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Enos. 

Ipsanibool,  or  Ipsaniboul,  ip-sim-bool',  written 
also  Abu-Simbcl,  Ebsainbool,  Ebsambul,  nnd 
Abu-Sambul,  a  village  of  Nubia,  on  the  W.  bunk  of 
the  Nile,  48  miles  S.W.  of  Dorr,  and  having  two  temples, 
with  statues  and  sculptures,  built  by  Ramescs  the  Great, 
regarded  as  the  finest  remains  of  antiquity  in  the  Nile 
Valley,  except  those  at  Thebes. 

Ipsara,  ip'sH-rfl.,  or  Ipsera,  ip'siL-r&,  written  also 
Psara  (anc.  Pm/ra),  an  island  belonging  to  Turkey,  in  the 
vEgean  Sea,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Scio.  Length  and  breadth,  5 
miles  each.  Products,  cotton,  wine,  and  fruit.  On  its  S. 
side  is  a  village  of  the  same  name.  Anti-Ipsara  is  an  islet 
off'  the  W.  coast  of  the  above. 

Ipsera,  ip'sa-ri,  Ipeer,  or  Ipir,  e-peer'  (anc.  Hinpi- 
rasis  /),  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  24  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Erzroom. 

Ipsica,  or  Ispica,  in  Sicily.    See  Modica. 

Ipsit'^,  or  Ybbsitz,  ip'sits,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria, 
6  miles  E.S.E.  of  Waidliofen.     Pop.  1074. 

Ips'wich,  a  town  of  England,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Suf- 
folk, on  the  Orwell,  here  crossed  by  a  nandsome  iron  bridge, 
at  the  influx  of  the  Gipping,  at  a  railway  junction,  66  miles 
N.E.  of  London,  and  24  miles  S.E.  of  Bury  St.  Edmunds. 
The  town  stands  on  a  slope,  sheltered  by  hills  on  the  E.  and 
N.  It  is  irregularly  built,  with  streets  mostly  narrow  and 
houses  old-fashioned,  though  it  contains  many  new  nnd 
substantial  buildings;  it  is  well  supplied  with  water.  Prin- 
cipal edifices,  the  town  and  county  halls,  custom-house  on 
the  quay,  market-house,  corn  exchange,  county  and  borough 
jails,  an  old  monastery  of  Black  Friars,  tho  theatre,  nsscm- 
bly-rooms,  and  barracks.  Besides  the  grammar-school 
(which  was  restored  by  Cardinal  Wolsey,  and  hivs  a  noble 
building  constructed  since  1851),  Ipswich  possesses  several 
minor  endowed  schools  and  charities,  a  philological  society 
and  mechanics'  institution,  and  a  workingmcn's  college' 
It  has  some  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths  and  of  yarn, 
with  iron-  and  soap-factories,  breweries,  snutf-mills,  and 
docks  at  which  large  vessels  have  been  built.  The  Orwell 
is  navigable  to  the  town  for  vessels  of  300  tons  burden.  It 
sendft  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Ipswich  was 
burnt  by  the  Danes  in  991  and  1000;  but  in  later  Saxon 
and  Norman  times  it  rose  to  a  high  degree  of  prosperity. 
William  the  Conqueror  built  a  castle  here,  of  which  soma 
traces  still  exist.    Pop.  in  1891,  57,260. 


IPS 


1469 


IRE 


Ipswich,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  in  a  town- 
ship of  the  same  name,  on  the  Ipswich  River,  3  miles  from 
its  entrance  into  the  ocean,  27  miles  N.N.E.  of  Boston, 
and  9  miles  S.  of  Newburyport.  It  is  on  the  Eastern 
Railroad,  and  has  4  stone  bridges  across  the  river,  which 
here  affords  water-power.  It  contains  sevf  ral  churches,  an 
insane  asylum,  a  high  school,  a  national  bank,  a  savings- 
bank,  2  newspaper  oflSces,  a  cotton-mill,  and  a  woollen- 
mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  4439. 

Ipswich,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Edmunds  co.,  S.D., 
26  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Aberdeen.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
bank,  3  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of  pencil- 
holders,  &c.     Pop.  in  1890,  639. 

Ips'wich,  a  town  of  Australia,  in  Queensland,  25  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Brisbane.     It  has  coal-mines.     Pop.  7730. 

Ipswich  River,  Massachusetts,  traverses  Essex  co.,  and 
enters  the  Atlantic  Ocean  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Newburyport. 
Ipuca,  e-poo'ki,  a  village  of  Brazil,  70  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Rio  Janeiro.     Pop.  3000. 

Iput,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Ipoot. 
1   I(|Ui,  ee'kweo  or  ee'kce,  two  islands  of  Japan,  S.E.  of 
Kioo-Sioo.     Lat.  31°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  132°  E. 

Iqiiique,  e-kee'k&,  a  seaport  town  of  Chili,  near  its 
Borthcrn  extremity,  on  the  Pacific  Ocean,  40  miles  W.  of 
Tarapaca.  It  is  opposite  the  island  of  Iquique  (lat.  2«"' 
12'  30"  S.,  Ion.  70°  14'  45"  W.),  which  has  been  consid- 
•rably  reduced  in  height,  in  consequence  of  the  immense 
quantity  of  guano  taken  from  it.  Iquique  exports  much 
ealiter.  In  1877  it  suffered  greatly  from  an  earthquake. 
A  railway  37  miles  long  extends  hence  to  Noria.  Two 
newspapers  are  published  here.    Pop.  in  1884,  16,430. 

Iquitos,  ee-kee'toce,  a  thriving  town  of  Peru,  on  the 
Upper  Amazon,  60  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  N.apo.  It 
has  a  floating-dock  capable  of  raising  a  thousand-ton  ship, 
large  government  iron-works,  a  ship-yard,  a  machine-shop, 
ft  saw-mill,  and  a  brick-factory. 

I'ra,  a  township  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  N.  shore 
of  Lake  St.  Glair.     Pop.  1596.     It  contains  Fair  Haven. 

Ira,  or  Ira  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Ira  township,  2  miles  E.  of  the  Southern  Central  Rail- 
road, on  which  Ira  Station  is  21  miles  N.  of  Auburn.  It 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2067. 

Ira,  a  post-township  of  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  7  miles  S.W. 
of  Rutland.     Pop.  413. 

Iraja,  ee-r&'zhi,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state  of  Rio 
Janeiro,  near  a  river  of  its  own  name.  Pop.  5000. 
Irak,  a  town  of  Asia.  See  Irek. 
Irak-Ajemee,  or  Irak-Ajemi,  eeVik'-ij'eh-mee* 
(anc.  Great  Me'dia,  or  Media  Proper),  a  large  province  oc- 
cupying the  central  portion  of  Persia,  between  lat.  31°  60' 
and  37°  N.  and  Ion.  46°  and  53°  E.,  comprising  Persian  Koor- 
distan  and  the  subordinate  provinces  of  Ardelan,  Laristan, 
Ispahan,  and  Kashan.  The  surface  is  an  elevated  table- 
land, traversed  by  several  mountain-ranges.  Principal 
rivers,  the  Kizil-Oozen,  forming  a  part  of  its  N.  boundary, 
and  the  Kerah,  with  its  affluents  in  the  S.W. ;  besides  which 
there  are  several  large  streams  that  lose  themselves  in  the 
sandy  deserts.  The  watered  valleys  are  fertile.  Ispahan 
is  the  great  emporium  of  trade,  and  is  the  rendezvous  of 
largo  caravans  from  Bagdad,  Herat,  and  even  India.  The 
other  principal  cities  are  Teheran,  Hamadan,  Kasbin,  Sinna, 
Kermanshah,  and  Koom. 

Irak-Arabee,    or    Irak-Arabi,    eeVik'-&r'a-bee^ 
(anc.  ISahylo'nia),  a  district  in  Asiatic  Turkey,  vilayet  of 
Bagdad,  is  mostly  between  the  lower  courses  of  the  Euphrates 
and  the  Tigris,  and  comprises  the  city  of  Bagdad,  and  the 
ruins  of  Babylon,  Seleucia,  and  Ctesiphon. 
Iran,  the  Persian  name  of  Persia. 
I^randal',  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Bombay  presidency. 
Pop.  11,142. 
Irapirang,  a  river  of  Brazil.     See  Vasa-Barris. 
Irasburg,  i'raz-burg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Orleans 
00.,  Vt.,  in  Irasburg  township,  on  the  Black  River,  40  miles 
(direct)  N.N.E.  of  Montpelier,  and  4  miles  W.  of  the  Pas- 
gumpsic  Railroad.     It  has  2  churches,  a  national  bank,  a 
saw-mill,  and  an  iron-foundry.     Pop.  of  township,  1085. 

I'ra  Station,  a  post-office  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Southern  Central  Railro.ad,  21  miles  N.  of  Auburn. 

Irasn,  e-r4-soo',  a  volcano  of  the  republic  of  Costa  Rica, 
near  the  city  of  Carthage.     Height,  11,478  feet. 
Irawadi,  a  river  of  Asia.     See  Irrawaddy. 
Irbid,  or  Irbil.     See  Arbela. 

Irbit,  lit-bit'  or  cSa-beet',  a  town  of  Siberia,  government 
of  Perm,  100  miles  E.N.E.  of  Yekaterinboorg,  on  the  nav- 
igable river  Neiva.  It  is  enclosed  by  a  palisade,  and  is 
ehiefiy  noted  for  a  large  annual  fair,  which  lasts  for  a  month, 
in  February  and  March,  and  is  attended  by  a  great  con- 


course of  European  and  Asiatic  merchants.  It  is  connected 
by  steamboat  lines  with  the  principal  towns  of  the  Obi  val- 
ley.    Pop.  4212. 

Iredell,  ir'd?l,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  North 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  610  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Catawba  River,  and  is  drained 
by  several  small  affluents  of  the  Yadkin  River.  The  surface 
is  hilly,  and  a  large  portion  of  it  is  covered  with  forests; 
the  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  wheat,  grass, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  interi-ected 
by  the  Western  North  Carolina  Railroad  and  the  Richmond 
<fc  Danville  Railroad,  which  communicates  with  Statesville, 
the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  16,931;  in  1880,  22,676;  in 
1890,  25,462. 

Iredell,  a  post-village  of  Bosque  co.,  Tex.,  74  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Waco.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
saw-mill.     Pop.  251. 

Ircgh,  ee^rfig',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Tolna,  24 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Veszprim.     Pop.  2857.     It  has  a  castle. 

Iregh,  or  Uregh,  UVSg'  (?),  a  town  of  Hungary,  in 
Slavonia,  co.  of  Syrmia,  12  miles  S.  of  Peterwardein,  with 
a  cactlo  and  a  breeding-stud.     Pop.  4357. 

I'rek,  or  I'rak,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  47  miles  S.E. 
of  Samsoon.     Pop.  6000. 

Ireland,  ir'land  (Erse,  Erin,  i'rin,  usually  pronounced 
ce'rin;  Fr.  Irlande,  eeRM6Nd' ;  Sp.  Irlanda,  ecR-l&n'di; 
Ger.  Irland,  SSn'I&nt;  L.  Hiher'nia,  Iver'na,  or  Ineer'nin/ 
Gr.  'Up>'T7,  ler'ne),  the  more  western  of  the  two  principal 
islands  of  which  the  United  Kingdom  of  Great  Britain  and 
Ireland  is  composed,  between  lat.  51°  25'  and  55°  23'  N. 
and  Ion.  6°  20'  and  10°  20'  W.  It  has  the  Atlantic  on  alS 
sides  except  the  E.,  where  it  is  separated  from  Great  Britain 
by  St.  George's  Channel,  the  Irish  Sea,  and  the  North  Chan- 
nel. Length,  from  Fair  Head  to  Mizzen  Head,  about  300 
miles  ;  greatest  breadth,  170  miles.  Area,  including  the  ad- 
jacent islands,  32,393  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1871,  6,412,377; 
in  1881,  5,174,836;  in  1891,  4,706,162. 

Ireland  is  divided  into  4  provinces  and  32  counties,  the 
areas  and  populations  of  which  are  ^i^ven  in  the  following 
table : 


Carlow 

Dublin 

Kililaro 

Kilkenny 

King's  County.. 

LuuKford 

Louth 

Meuth _ 

Quceu'B  County 

Wesfnieath 

Wexford 

AVickluw 

Lcinstor 

Clare 

Cork _ 

Kerry 

LImurick 

Tipperaiy 

Waterford 

Hnnster „ 

Antrim 

Armagh 

Cavan 

Douegal 

Down 

Fermanagh 

Londonderry..... 

Monagbau 

Tyrone 

UUter 

Gal  way ~.. 

Leitrim 

Mayo 

BoKcommon 

Sligo 

Connaugbt 

Total. ...... 


346 
354 
G.54 
796 
772 
421 
315 
9<)6 
GG4 
700 
901 
7fe2 


7,011 


1,294 
2,885 
1,852 
1,064 
1,C59 
721 


9,476 


1,164 
512 

740 
1,870 
907 
714 
810 
600 
1,200 


8,549 


2,342 
613 

2,131 
950 
722 


6,758 


32,393 


Pop.  1881. 


46,668 
418,910 
75,804 
99,.53l 
72,852 
61,009 
77,684 
87,469 
73,124 
71,798 
123,8,54 
70,386 


1,278,989 


141,457 
495,607 
201,0.!9 
180,032 
199,612 
112,768 


1,331^16 


421,943 
163,177 
129,476 
206,a-J5 
272,107 
84,879 
164,991 
102,748 
197,719 


1,743,075 


242,005 
90,372 
246,212 
132,490 
111,678 


821,667 


6,174,836 


Pop.  189L 


40,899 
42!),  1 1 1 
69,988 
87,154 
a'i,408 
62,. '^.63 
7(1,852 
7li,CI6 
64,6:59 
05,028 
1U,5;16 
61,934 


1,195,718 


123,859 
430,641 
17«,919 
I.'i8,.'i63 
172,882 
98,13U 


1,168,994 


427,068 
14.'i,056 
111,679 
185,211 
260,893 

74,(«7 
lfl,(M;6 

86,089 
171,278 


1,617,877 


214,2.56 
78,379 
218,406 
114,194 
98,3;J8 


723,573 


4,706,162 


Religious   denominations:     Roman    Catholics   in    1871, 
4,160,867;   in  1891,  3,649,746;    Protestant  £piscopalian| 


IRE 


1470 


IRE 


ia  IS71,  667,998;  in  1801,  600,830;  Presbyterians  in  1871, 
4y7,«48;  in  1891,  446,687;  Methodists  in  1871,  43,4^1; 
in  1891,  55,236. 

Ireland  is  of  a  rhomboiJal  fortn,  with  a  varod  contin- 
uous outiinu  on  tho  E.  const,  but  indented  by  deep  inlets  on 
its  other  sides,  with  rock-bound  coasts  N.  and  W.  Tho  sur- 
Im*  ia  mostly  level.  Must  of  its  mountains,  as  tho  Wicklow, 
Moumo,  Donegal,  Mayo,  Qalway,  and  Kerry,  are  in  isolated 
groups  towards  the  coasts  and  extremities  of  the  island,  sur- 
rounding a  central  plain  comprising  a  largo  extent  of  bog- 
land  and  traversed  oy  a  fow  lovr  hill-ranges.  Carran-tual, 
in  the  MaoOillicuddy  Hooks,  Kerry,  is  the  highest  summit, 
»nd  rises  to  34U4  foot.  Granite,  flanked  by  Silurian  strata, 
forms  tho  Wicklow  mngo  of  mountains  on  the  £.  coast. 
The  samo  rocks  prevail  in  the  Moumo  Mountains,  and  an 
•stcnsivo  trap  formation  in  Antrim  of  800  square  miles  is 
succeeded  by  clay-slatc  on  the  W.  Granite  again  appears 
in  the  Gahvay  Mountains,  and  tho  old  rod  sandstone  exten- 
sively prevails  in  Munstor.  The  great  plain  in  the  centre, 
250  to  300  feet  above  the  soa,  is  formed  of  carboniferous 
limestone,  and  contains  six  coal  districts,  the  Leinster  or 
Castlo-Comer,  the  Slieve-Ardagh  in  Tipperary,  tho  Munster, 
tho  Lough  Allen,  the  Monaghan,  and  the  Tyrone,  besides  a 
small  coal-field  in  Antrim.  Hut  few  collieries  are  wrought, 
and  the  output  is  small.  The  coal  raised  S.  of  Dublin  is 
anthracite,  that  in  tho  N.  is  bituminous.  Besides  the  coal, 
Ireland  possesses  two  other  species  of  fuel,  viz.,  lignite  and 
turf  or  peat.  Tho  former  is  found  in  dense  strata  encom- 
passing the  S.  half  of  Lough  Ncagh ;  while  the  turf  occupies 
nearly  one-seventh  of  tho  entire  area.  Copper  and  lead 
are  found  in  the  Silurian  and  mountain  limestone  strata. 
Black  marble  is  in  almost  inexhaustible  quantity  in  the 
district  of  Connemara.  The  lower  chalk  and  grecnsand 
formations  partially  prevail,  but  there  are  no  tertiary  beds. 
Copper-mines  are  operated  in  the  counties  of  Cork,  Water- 
ford,  and  AVicklow.  Lead  is  widely  diffused,  but  is  wrought 
chiefly  in  the  granitic  district  of  Wicklow.  A  small  quan- 
tity of  silver  is  found  in  the  various  lead-mines.  Zinc 
occurs  at  Silvermines,  Tipperary,  but  the  quantity  ob- 
tained has  decreased  greatly.  Other  minerals  useful  in 
the  arts  and  manufactures  are  sulphur,  manganese,  anti- 
mony, nickel,  iron,  iron  and  copper  pyrites,  tin,  alum, 
marble,  roofing-slates,  building-stones,  and  rock  salt. 

Tho  country  is  well  watered.  Principal  rivers,  tho  Shan- 
non, Barrow,  Blackwater,  Suir,  Nore,  Bann,  Foyle,  Boyne, 
Slancy,  Liffey,  Bandon,  and  Erne.  Principal  lakes — termed 
loughs — aro  Ncagh,  Erne,  Allen,  Corrib,  Mask,  Conn, 
Ilea,  and  Dcrg,  and  the  famed  Lakes  of  Killarney.  The 
aggregate  surface  of  these  lakes  is  estimated  at  336  square 
miles.  Loughs  Strangford,  Belfast,  Foyle,  and  Swilly,  on  the 
■  N.  and  N.E.  coast,  are  inlets  of  the  sea.  Other  principal 
inlets  are  Dundrum,  Carlingford,  Dundalk,  and  Dublin 
Bays,  and  Wexford  harbor,  on  the  E. ;  Bantry,  Dunmanus, 
Dingle,  Tralee,  Galway,  Clew,  Blacksod,  Killala,  Sligo,  Don- 
egal, and  Guibarra  Bays,  with  the  estuaries  of  the  Shannon 
and  Kenmare  Rivers,  on  the  W. ;  and  Waterford,  Dungar- 
van,  and  Cork  harbors,  on  the  S.  coast.  Ireland  is  much 
indented  by  the  sea,  no  locality  being  above  60  miles  from 
its  shores;  and  this,  together  with  its  exposure  to  the  warm 
winds  from  the  Atlantic,  conduces  to  the  general  mildness 
and  moisture  of  its  climate.  The  mean  annual  temperature 
ranges  from  48°  Fahr.  in  the  N.  to  52°  in  tho  S. ;  mean 
summer,  60.5° ;  mean  winter,  30.9°.  Average  annual 
rainfall,  33.99  inches.  Westerly  winds  prevail  for  nine 
months  in  the  year.  Plants  that  require  artificial  heat  in 
England  flourish  here  in  the  open  air.  The  broad-leaved 
myrtle  grows  luxuriantly  in  some  southern  counties,  and  the 
arbutus-unedo,  nienziesia,  and  other  plants  of  South  Europe 
flourish ;  while  Alpine  plants  of  the  extreme  north  of 
Europe  are  also  found  on  some  of  the  mountains. 

Farms  are  generally  very  small.  About  nine-tenths  of 
the  lands  were  confiscated  by  the  governments  of  James 
I.,  Cromwell,  and  William  III.,  and  bestowed  on  English 
proprietors,  by  whose  descendants  the  bulk  of  Irish  prop- 
erty is  still  possessed.  Potatoes  long  formed  tho  staple 
crop  and  food  of  the  Irish  peasantry,  till  the  failure  of  the 
potato-crop  in  1845,  '46,  and  '47,  which  led  to  a  famine  and 
to  the  emigration  of  many  of  the  people.  Many  vessels  are 
employed  in  the  fisheries  around  tho  coasts,  where  herrings, 
pilchards,  cod,  ling,  and  hake  are  among  the  more  plentiful 
kinds  taken,  and  in  the  estuaries,  where  salmon  and  eels 
are  abundant.  The  wolf  and  Irish  elk  formerly  existed  in 
Ireland,  and  bones  of  the  latter  have  been  found.  Venom- 
ous reptiles  are  unknown.  Manufactures  consist  of  paper, 
glass,  tobacco,  and  especially  linen  goods,  the  chief  seat  of 
■which  latter  is  Ulster.  The  manufacture  of  linen  has 
greatly  revived  since  the  application  of  machinery  to  tho 


■pinning  of  yarn  and  tho  introduction  of  the  power-loom 
in  weaving.  The  malt-trade  and  tho  distilling  of  whixky 
are  extensively  carried  on.  In  tho  north  of  Ireliuul  many 
persons  are  employed  in  working  patterns  on  muslins  with 
the  noodle.  Belfast  is  the  centre  of  this  manufacture. 
Coarse  woollen  stufls  aro  miulo  in  tho  centre  of  the  country, 
besides  mixed  8tufi°s  and  silks  in  Dublin,  Waterfurd,  and 
other  principal  cities.  Principal  exports  aro  raw  produce, 
wheat,  oats,  flour,  butter,  bacon,  beef,  eggs,  wool,  flax,  ore, 
and  spirits.  Imports  comprise  coal,  fish,  salt,  woollen  and 
cotton  yarn  and  fabrics,  and  colonial  pmduoo. 

The  Grand  and  Royal  Canals  intersect  the  country  from 
E.  to  W.,  and  connect  Dublin  with  the  Shannon ;  the 
Ulster  Canal  connects  Lough  Erne  with  Lough  Ncagh,  and 
thence  by  the  Lagan  Canal  Belfast  communicates  with  the 
W.  coast.  All  tho  i)rincipal  towns  aro  connected  with  one 
another  and  with  Dublin  by  rail.  Lines  of  electric  tele- 
graph-wires have  been  laid  between  tho  chief  towns,  ami 
submarine  lines  connect  England  with  Ireland,  and  Ireland 
with  Newfoundland. 

Ireland  has,  since  1S00,  been  represented  in  the  British 
House  of  Lords  by  28  temporal  peers  elected  for  life,  and 
also,  prior  to  tho  disestablishment  of  the  Irish  church,  by  4 
spiritual  peers;  and  since  tho  Reform  Act  of  18.'!2,  in  th« 
House  of  Commons,  by  103  members,  viz.,  two  elected  by 
each  county,  two  by  each  of  the  cities  Dublin,  Cork,  Lim- 
erick, and  Waterford,  the  towns  Belfast  and  Galway,  and 
Dublin  University,  and  one  by  each  of  25  other  boroughs. 
The  electoral  franchise  rests  with  much  the  samo  classes  as  in 
England ;  in  boroughs  the  parliamentary  right  of  voting  is 
vested  in  a  41.  rating  occupation.  The  local  government  is 
vested  in  the  lord-lieutenant,  assisted  by  the  secretary  for 
Ireland  and  a  privy  council  nominated  by  the  crown.  Tho 
judicial  power  is  with  the  lord-chancellor,  the  master  of 
tho  rolls,  and  12  circuit  judges.  Each  county  has  a  lieu- 
tenant, aided  by  an  indefinite  number  of  deputy-lieutenants 
and  a  police-force  appointed  by  the  crown.  In  1869  an  act 
was  passed  by  which  from  January  1,  1871,  the  Protestant 
church  in  Ireland  was  disendowed  and  ceased  to  be  a  state 
establishment,  placing  all  religions  on  the  same  footing. 
Tho  Episcopal  church  consists  of  2  archbishoprics  (Ar- 
magh and  Dublin)  and  10  bishoprics  ;  the  Roman  Catholic 
church  has  4  archbishoprics  and  24  bishoprics ;  and  the 
Presbyterian  church  36  presbyteries.  The  Roman  Catholics 
are  by  far  the  most  numerous,  comprising  77  per  cent,  of 
the  whole  population  ;  the  Protestants  are  most  prevalent  in 
Ulster  and  in  parts  of  Leinster.  The  national  schools  are 
aided  by  annual  parliamentary  grants.  There  is  a  univer- 
sity in  Dublin,  also  a  prosperous  Roman  Catholic  univer- 
sity, and  colleges  have  been  endowed  by  government  in 
Cork,  Galway,  and  Belfast.  There  are  several  denomina- 
tional colleges. 

The  greater  part  of  the  Irish  are  descendants  of  the  abori- 
ginal Celts,  with  an  admixture  towards  the  north  of  Snxons, 
and  in  later  times  of  English  and  Scottish  emigrants.  Their 
dark  complexion  and  smaller  and  more  slender  form  of  body, 
as  well  as  their  more  volatile  temperament,  distinguish  the 
Irish  from  tho  Saxon.  Tho  Erse,  a  dialect  of  the  Celtic,  is 
the  native  language,  and  is  now  chiefly  used  in  the  west  part 
of  the  country.  There  aro  considerable  numbers  of  persons 
speaking  Irish  only.  In  tho  year  432,  Christianity  was  in- 
troduced by  St.  Patrick.  From  the  eighth  to  the  twelfth 
century  the  country  was  the  scene  of  perpetual  warfare 
between  tho  petty  kings  and  their  chiefs.  In  1174,  Henry 
II.  of  England  conquered  a  part  of  the  country  ami  por- 
tioned it  out  among  his  Anglo-Norman  followers.  In  the 
reign  of  King  John  the  division  into  counties  took  place, 
and  English  laws  and  customs  wore  partially  introduced. 
But  the  powerful  barons  continued  to  resist  tho  government 
of  Henry  VII.,  Elizabeth,  and  James  I.,  with  repeated 
outbreaks.  The  most  memorable  risings  in  later  times  were 
in  1641, 1689,  and  1798.  In  1800  the  parliamentary  union 
of  Ireland  with  Great  Britain  took  place.  In  1829  the 
Roman  Catholic  Emancipation  Act  was  passed,  in  1832  the 
Irish  Reform  Bill,  in  1838  tho  Poor  Law  Bill.  In  1844  the 
Irish  repeal  agitation  was  at  its  height,  and  in  1848  an  in- 
surrection of  the  populace  took  place,  but  was  speedily  put 
down.  In  August,  1806,  owing  to  an  insurrection  of  the 
Fenians,  the  "  Habeas  Corpus  Act"  was  suspended,  and  seri- 
ous encounters  between  the  rebels  and  the  military  occurred 
in  March,  1867.  Later  events  of  interest  have  been  tho 
disestablishment  of  the  Episcopal  church,  the  pass.age  of 
the  Land-Tenure  Bill,  and  the  nome-rule  movement. 

Ireland,  ir'land,  a  post-village  of  Dubois  co.,  Ind.,  45 
miles  N.E.  of  Evansville.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  mill. 

Irelaud,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  1  mile 
from  Holyoke  proper,  of  which  city  it  now  forms  a  part, 


IRE 


M7I 


IRO 


and  8  or  9  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Springfield.   It  has  2  churches, 
a  8oap-factory,  and  several  fine  residences. 

Ireland,  a  post-office  of  Lewis  co.,  W.  Va. 

Ireland,  Ontario.    See  MacGillivray. 

Ireland  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Ala. 

Ireland's  Eye,  a  rocky  islet  in  the  Irish  Sea,  1  mile 
N.  of  Ilowth  Harbor,  in  the  N.E.  of  Dublin  Bay.  It  con- 
tains a  martollo  tower  and  a  light-house. 

Ireland's  Eye,  a  small  island  in  Trinity  Bay,  New- 
foundland, 17  miles  from  Heart's  Content.     Pop.  100. 

Ireland's  Mills,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Chenango 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Auburn  Branch  of  the  Oswego  Midland 
llailroad,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Norwich. 

Ircn,  e-rfin'  or  e-rain',  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the 
government  of  Perm,  flows  circuitously,  and,  after  a  N.W. 
course  of  about  150  miles,  joins  the  Silva. 

Ireton,  ir'tgn,  a  post-village  of  Sioux  co.,  Iowa,  13  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Orange  City.  It  has  3  churches,  3  banks,  a 
newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  412. 

Irgheez,  Irghiz,  In-gheez',  or  Ooloo-  (Ulu-)  Ir- 
ghiz,  ooMoo'-lR-gheez',  a  river  of  Toorkistan,  rises  in  Lake 
Chalkar,  lat.  51°  20'  N.,  Ion.  61°  25'  E.,  flows  S.  and  S.E., 
joins  the  Kara-Targhai,  and  falls  into  Lake  Aksakal  ("  white 
water").    Total  course,  about  300  miles. 

Irgheez-  (or  Irghiz-)  Bo!choi,lR-gheez'-borchoi', 
a  river  of  Russia,  government  of  Saratov,  is  formed  by  the 
junction  of  the  Karalyts  and  the  Kamelik,  and,  after  a  cir- 
cuitous course  of  about  130  miles,  joins  the  Volga. 

Irgheez-  (or  Irghiz-)  Maloi,lR-gheez'-miMoy', rises 
in  the  government  of  Saratov,  N.  of  the  Irghecz-Bolchoi, 
and,  flowing  nearly  parallel  to  it,  joins  the  Volga  between 
the  towns  of  Khvalynsk  and  Volsk. 

Ir^hendab,  a  riverof  Afghanistan.   See  Urghundaub. 

Iria  Flavia,  the  ancient  name  of  Padrox. 

Irigny,  ee^reen^yee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Rh8ne,  on 
the  railway  to  Saint-Etionne.     Pop.  1345. 

Iris,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Yeshil-Irmak. 
-  I'risburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  Va.,  30  miles 
V.  of  Danville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Irish  Bend,  a  post-office  of  St.  Mary's  parish,  La. 

Irish  Cove,  a  post-village  in  Richmond  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  Bras  d'Or  Lake,  Cape  Breton  Island,  33  miles 
S.W.  of  Sydney.    Pop.  300. 

Irish  Creek,  or  Jas'per,  a  post-village  in  Qrcnville 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  Brockville  &  Ottawa  Railway,  21  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Brockville.     Pop.  750. 

Irish  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  0.,  18  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Barnesville. 

Irish  Ripple,  Lawrence  co.,  Pa.    See  Newport. 

I'rish  Sea  is  that  part  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean  extending 
between  lat.  51°  40'  and  54°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  3°  and  6°  W., 
having  W.  Ireland,  N.  Scotland,  E.  England,  and  S.  Wales. 
On  theS.W.  it  is  continuous  with  St.  George's  Channel,  and 
communicates  with  the  Atlantic  Ocean  N.  by  the  North 
Channel.  It  contains  the  Isle  of  Man  and  Anglesey,  with 
Holyhead  and  some  smaller  islands. 

Irki,  ir'kee  or  eer'kee,  a  town  of  North  India,  in  Gurh- 
Wal,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Belaspoor. 

Irkoot,  Irkout,  or  Irkut,  ir^koot'  or  iR^koot',  a  river 
of  Siberia,  government  of  Irkootsk,  rises  near  the  frontiers 
of  China,  and,  after  a  N.E.  course  of  about  220  miles,  joins 
the  Angara  at  the  town  of  Irkootsk. 

Irkootsk,  Irkoutsk,  or  Irkutsk,  ir^kootsk'  or  \v>- 
kootsk',  a  city  of  Siberia,  capital  of  the  government  of 
Irkootsk,  and  of  Eastern  Siberia,  on  the  Angara,  at  the 
influx  of  the  Irkoot,  30  miles  from  the  N.W.  shore  of  Lake 
Baikal.  Lat.  52°  17'  2"  N. ;  Ion.  104°  16'  21"  E.  It  is 
fortified,  and  divided  into  two  nearly  equal  parts  by  the 
Angara,  here  crossed  by  a  long  wooden  bridge.  Viewed  from 
the  E.,  it  has  a  fine  appearance,  with  its  15  churches  and 
their  spires,  its  convents  and  hospitals.  Many  of  its  public 
edifices,  with  some  private  dwellings,  are  built  of  stone,  the 
rest  being  of  wood.  It  has  a  citadel,  several  suburbs,  a 
good  bazaar,  an  exchange,  the  Baikal  admiralty-house,  some 
building-docks  on  the  river,  the  governor's  house,  theatre, 
prison,  and  numerous  public  schools,  among  which  are  a 
medical  college,  a  gymnasium,  with  a  library,  a  high  school, 
a  seminary  for  youth  of  the  native  tribes,  and  a  female 
orphan  school ;  also  an  imperial  woollen-factory,  and  manu- 
factures of  linens,  leather,  glass,  and  soap.  It  is  the  great 
entrepfit  for  the  commerce  of  Northeast  Asia,  and  sends 
tea,  rhubarb,  fruits,  paper,  silks,  porcelain,  and  other  Chi- 
nese produce,  with  furs  and  ivory,  to  Russia,  in  exchange 
for  European  goods.  It  has  also  some  trade  with  Khokan 
and  Bokhara,  and  a  large  fair  in  June.  Irkootsk  is  the 
see  of  an  archbishop.     Pop.  in  1884,  36,117. 

Irkootsk,  a  government  of  Russia,  in  Eastern  Siberia, 


bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  Chinese  Mongolia,  and  on  the  S.E, 
hy  Lake  Baikal.  It  is  rich  in  mines  of  gold,  silver,  coppei*, 
and  iron.  Extensive  forests  cover  a  great  portion  of  the 
government.  Barley  and  rye  are  the  chief  crops;  the 
climate  is  too  cold  for  fruit-trees.  Capital,  Irkootsk.  Pop. 
358,629,  comprising  Russian  exiles,  Cossacks,  and  different 
tribes  of  Buriats,  'loongooses,  and  Mongols. 

Irland,  Irlanda,  Irlande.    See  Ireland. 

Irnis,  the  German  name  of  Gionsico. 

Irodouer,  eeVo'dwain',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ille-et- 
Vilaine,  arrondissement  of  Montfort.     Pop.  1896. 

Iron,  i'urn,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an 
area  of  about  520  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  head- 
streams  of  the  Black  River  and  small  affluents  of  the  St. 
Francis  River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  extensively  covered 
with  forests  of  the  hickory,  oak,  pine,  walnut,  cedar,  Ac. 
Among  its  prominent  features  is  the  Pilot  Knob,  a  conical 
hill  which  is  about  1500  feet  above  the  sea-level  and  is  rich 
in  good  iron  ore.  This  hill  is  said  to  be  581  feet  higher 
than  the  adjacent  plain.  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  grass  are 
the  staple  products  of  the  soil,  which  is  partly  based  on 
limestone.  Marble,  lead,  and  nickel  are  said  to  be  found 
in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  St.  Louis,  Iron 
Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  which  passes  through  Iron- 
ton,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  6278;  in 
1880,  8183;  in  1890,  9119. 

Iron,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Utah,  is  intersected  by 
the  Colorado  River.  Area,  3436  square  miles.  The  sur- 
face  is  diversified  with  mountains  and  arid  plains  or  table- 
lands in  which  water  and  timber  are  scarce.  The  soil 
requires  irrigation  to  render  it  fertile.  This  county  is 
traversed  by  a  long  range  called  the  AVahsatch  Mountains. 
Capital  Crystal  Falls.  Pop.  in  1870,  2277;  in  1880,  4013 j 
in  1890,  2683. 

Iron,  a  township  of  Iron  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1118. 

Iron,  a  township  of  St.  Frangois  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  2565. 

Iron,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Tenn. 

Iro'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Og- 
densburg  &  Lake  Champlain  Railroad,  34  miles  E.  of 
Malone.     It  has  several  iron-forges,  and  a,  lumber-mill. 

Ironbound  (I'um-bSwnd)  Island,  a  huge  rock  in  th« 
Atlantic,  off  the  entrance  to  La  Have  River,  Nova  Scotia. 
It  has  a  light-house. 

Iron  (i'urn)  Bridge,  a  station  in  Westmoreland  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Mount  Pleasant  Branch  Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of 
Mount  Pleasant. 

Iron  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Gregg  co.,  Tex. 

Iron  Cape,  Flores  Island.    See  Flores  Head. 

Iron  City,  an  oil  town  or  hamlet  of  Clarion  co.,  Pa., 
in  Elk  township. 

Irondale,  i'um-dale,  a  post-village  of  Jefierson  co., 
Ala.,  5  miles  by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Birmingham.  It  has  2 
churches,  and  mineral  springs.     Pop.  about  500. 

Irondale,  a  station  in  Lyon  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Louisville 
<fc  Paducah  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Eddyville. 

Irondale,  a  post-village  of  Washington  oo.,  Mo.,  on 
the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  70  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  furnace  for 
pig-iron.     Iron  ore  is  found  near  it. 

Irondale,  a  post-office  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Harlem  Railroad,  95  miles  N.  by  E.  of  New  Y'ork. 

Irondale,  a  hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  about  30  milea 
N.  of  Whitehall. 

Irondale,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  0.,  37  miles' 
by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Alliance,  and  about  3  miles  from  the  Ohio 
River.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  tin-works, 
and  manufactures  of  galvanized  and  sheet  iron.  Coal  and 
iron  ore  are  found  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  694. 

IVondequoit',  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  4 
miles  N.E.  of  Rochester.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  wine. 

Irondequoit  Bay,  New  York,  extends  S.  from  Lake 
Ontario  into  Monroe  co.     Length,  5  or  6  miles. 

Irondequoit  Creek,  New  York,  drains  the  E.  part 
of  Monroe  co.,  and  enters  Irondequoit  Bay  6  miles  N.E.  of 
Rochester. 

Iron  (i'urn)  DuflT,  a  post-hamlet  of  Haywood  co., 
N.C.,  35  miles  S.  of  Wolf  Creek  Station,  Tenn.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Iron  Fur'nace,  a  post-village  of  Scioto  co.,  0.,  in 
Bloom  township,  on  the  Marietta  <fc  Cincinnati  Railroad  (at 
Webster  Station),  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Portsmouth.  It  has 
2  churches  .and  a  manufactory  of  fire-bricks. 

Iron  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Crittenden  co.,  Ky. 

Iron  Hill,  a  station  in  Dent  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louia^ 
Salem  &  Little  Rock  Railroad,  1  mile  S.  of  Salem. 

Irou  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Columbus  oo.,  N.C.  ' 


ma 


1472 


IRR 


Iron  mil,  or  Brome  Woodi,  m  port-Tillage  in 
Bromo  CO..  Quobws,  8  inilea  N.B.  of  Sweeteburgh.    Vop.  150. 

Iron  Hills,  a  poBt-haralet  of  Jaokwn  co.,  low*,  on 
B«arer  Cr«ek,  about  24  miles  S.  of  Dubuqu«     It  has  1  or 

5  ohttrohes,  3  stores,  and  a  saw-mill. 

'■■  Ironia,  e-rO'sf-f,  a  post-hamlet  in  Randolph  township, 
Morris  oo.,  N.J.,  and  a  station  on  the  Chester  Branch  of 
the  Morris  A  Essex  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Chester. 
Iron  is  mined  hero. 

Iron  Junction,  a  post-oflice  of  Dutchess  eo.,  N.Y. 

Iron  Mountain,  Missouri,  a  hill  in  8t.  Francois  co., 
•bout  80  miles  S.  by  W.  from  St.  Louis.  It  is  about  3UU 
feet  higher  than  the  adjacent  plain.  It  consists  mainly  of 
good  iron  ore  (hemivtite),  piled  "  in  masses  of  all  sizes,  from 
ft  pigeon's  egg  to  a  middle-sized  church."  This  ore  contains 
about  70  i)or  cent,  of  metal. 

Iron  Mountain,  Virginia,  is  a  long  ridge,  e.xtending 
between  the  cos.  of  Uroyson  and  Smyth,  in  the  S.W.  part 
of  the  state.  The  highest  peak  rises  about  4200  feet  abore 
the  sea-level. 

Iron  Mountain,  a  city  of  Dickinson  co.,  Mich.,  at 
the  junction  of  two  railways,  51  miles  W.  of  Escanaba.  It 
bus  0  churches,  2  banks,  3  npwspaper  offices,  extensive  iron- 
mines,. and  ships  great  quantities  of  excellent  ore.    Pop. 

Iron  Mountain,  a  post-village  of  St.  Francois  oo., 
Mo.,  81  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  4 
churches,  and  rich  irun-minos.     Pop.  in  1890,  1001. 

Iron  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Rusk  co.,  Tex. 

Iron  Mount  Forge,  a  hamlet  of  Mitchell  co.,  N.C., 
25  miles  from  Johnson  City,  Tenn.  It  has  a  church  and  an 
iron-forge  or  furnace. 

Iron  Point,  a  station  of  Humboldt  oo.,  Nov.,  on  the 
Ilumboldt  River,  and  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  28 
milos  E.  of  Winnemucca. 

Iron  Kidge,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co.,  Mo.,  in 
Knobview  township,  near  the  Atlantic  &  Pacific  Railroad, 
100  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  a  church  and  a  rich 
iron-mine,  and  is  surrounded  by  picturesque  scenery.  Pop. 
about  250. 

Iron  Ridge,  a  station  in  York  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Hano- 
ver &  York  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Hanover. 

Iron  Ridge,  a  post-village  of  Dodge  co.,  Wis.,  in  Hub- 
bard township,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Rail- 
road and  the  Fond  du  Lac,  Amboy  &  Peoria  Railroad,  47 
miles  N.W.  of  Milwaukee,  and  30  miles  S.  of  Fond  du  Lac. 
It  has  a  church.     Iron  is  found  here. 

Iron  River,  a  post-town  of  Iron  co.,  Mich.,  40  miles 
l;y  rail  N.W.  of  Iron  Mountain.  It  has  large  mining  inter- 
ests.    Pop.  in  1890,  1117. 

Ironside,  I'um-side,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  oo.,  Va., 
38  miles  W.N.W.'  of  Danville. 

Ironside,  i'um-side,  a  post-village  in  Ottawa  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  Gatineau  River,  6i  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Ot- 
♦Awa.     It  has  valuable  iron-mines.     Pop.  100. 

Iron  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ark. 

Iron  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  oo.,  N.C.,  on 
the  Carolina  Central  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of  Lincolnton. 
It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  an  iron-furnace. 

Iron  Stone,  a  station  in  AV^orcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Eastern  division  of  the  New  York  it  New  England  Rail- 
rpad,  40  miles  S.W.  of  Boston. 

Iron  Stone,  a  station  in  Berks  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Cole- 
brookdalc  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Pottstown. 

Iron  Sum'mit,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pulaski  co.,  Mo.,  on 
the  Atlantic  &  Pacific  Railroad  (at  Hancock  Station),  30 
miles  W.  of  RoUa.     It  has  2  churches. 

Ironton,  i'urn-t^n,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Iron  oo., 
Mo.,  in  Arcadia  township,  on  the  St,  Louis,  Iron  Mountain 
4r  Southern  Railroad,  88  miles  S.  by  W.  of  St.  Louis,  and  2 
miles  S.  of  Pilot  Knob.  Good  iron  ore  and  granite  abound 
near  this  place.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  5  churches, 
public  schools,  a  flour-mill,  and  manufactures  of  ploughs, 
wagons,  sash,  and  doors.     Pop   in  1890,  965. 

Ironton,  a  station  in  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Buffalo 

6  Niagara  Falls  Branch  of  the  New  York  Central  Railroad, 
16  miles  N.  of  Bufi°alo,  and  1  mile  N.  of  Tonawanda. 

Ironton,  a  township  of  Lincoln  oo.,  N.C.     Pop.  2084. 

Ironton,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  10  miles  from  the  most  southern  point  of  the 
state,  142  miles  by  river  E.S.E.  from  Cincinnati,  and  163 
miles  by  rail  from  Dayton.  It  is  the  southern  terminus  of  the 
Cincinnati,  Dayton  &  Ironton  Railroad.  The  city  is  built 
on  a  small  plain,  or  bottom,  at  the  base  of  hills  abounding 
i^  iron  ore  and  bitun)inous  coal.  It  has  16  churches,  2 
national  and  2  private  banks,  a  high  school,  4  weekly 
newspapers,  and  a  public  library.     Here  are  several  rolling- 


mills,  iron- foundries,  furnaces,  and  other  manufiiotories. 
Iron  is  the  chief  export.  Facilities  are  excellent  for  food 
supplies  and  transportation.     Pop.  in  1890,  10,9:19. 

ironton,  a  post-village  of  Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  in  North 
Wliitchall  townsnip,  7i  miles  N.W.  of  Allontuwn.     It  liu 

2  churches,  2  hotels,  and  an  iron-mine.  The  Ironton  Rail- 
road extends  hence  to  Coplay.     Pop.  about  250. 

Ironton,  a  post-village  of  Sauk  co..  Wis.,  in  Ironton 
township,  about  33  miles  W.  of  Portage  City,  and  2^  miles 
S.W.  of  Lavalle  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  an  iron-bliist- 
furnace,  a  foundry,  a  machine-shop,  a  gri.st-mill,  nnd  a 
graded  school.     Pop.  about  500;  of  the  township,  1311. 

Irontown,  i'urn-tCwn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Taylor  eo., 
W.  Va.,  on  the  Baltimore  Si  Ohio  Railroad,  8  milos  E.N.E. 
of  Orufton.     It  has  an  iron-furnace. 

Ironville,  Turn-vll,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  Ala. 

Ironville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Crown 
Point  township,  6  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Crown  Point  village. 
It  has  a  church,  an  iron-forge,  a  saw-mill,  Jlc. 

Ironville,  a  hamlet  of  Blair  oo.,  Pa.,  in  Snyder  town- 
ship, 1  mile  from  Tyrone. 

Ironville,  a  station  in  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Read- 
ing A  Columbia  Railroad,  4  milos  N.E,  of  Columbia. 

Ironwood,  i'urn-wood,  a  city  of  Gogebic  co.,  Mich.,  7 
miles  by  mil  W.  by  S.  of  Bessemer.  It  has  6  churches,  3 
bivnks,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  iron-works.     Pop.  7745. 

Iroquois,  Ir'o-kwoy,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Illinois, 
bordering  on  Indiana,  has  an  area  of  about  1120  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Iroquois  River,  and  is 
partly  drained  by  Sugar  Creek.  The  greater  part  of  this 
county  is  prairie.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  adapted  to  pns- 
turage.  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Illinois  Central, 
Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  <fc  St.  Louis,  Peoria  &  West- 
ern, ond  Chicago  &  Eastern  Illinois  Railroads,  the  latter  two 
passing  through  Watseka,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop. 
in  1870,  25,782;  in  1880,  35,451;  in  1890,  35,167. 

Iroquois,  or  Six  Nations,  the  name  given  by  the 
French  to  the  Indian  confederacy  of  the  Mohawks,  Oneidas, 
Onondagas,  Cayugas,  and  Senecas,  afterwards  joined  by  the 
Tuscaroras  on  the  latter  being  driven  from  their  hunting- 
grounds  in  North  Carolina.  The  remnins  of  this  once  for- 
midable confederacy  are  still  scattered  through  the  state 
of  New  York  and  the  provinces  of  Quebec  and  Ontario,  the 
Canadian  Iroquois  being  in  part  of  other  tribes  than  those 
named  above,  and  the  whole  being  regarded  as  forming  a 
distinct  branch  of  the  American  race. 

Iroquois,  a  post-village  of  Iroquois  co.,  III.,  on  the 
Iroquois  River,  80  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Chicago.  It  has  a 
church,  a  graded  school,  a  brick-yard,  and  steam  saw-  and 
tile-mills.     Pop.  393. 

Iroquois,  a  post-village  of  Kingsbury  co.,  S.D.,  18 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Huron.  It  has  2  churches,  2  bunks, 
and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  183. 

Iroquois,  or  MatiI'da,  a  village  in  Dundas  co.,  On- 
tario, on  the  Point  Iroquois  Canal,  nnd  on  a  railway,  13 
milos  N.N.B.  of  Prescott,  and  99  miles  W.  of  Montreal. 
It  has  several  mills  and  factories,  2  churches,  about  20  stores, 

3  hotels,  and  an  export  trade  in  flour,  &o.     Pop.  781. 
Iroquois  River,  or  Pick'amink,  rises  in  Jasper  co., 

Ind.,  and  runs  westward  to  Watseka,  in  Illinois.  It  flows 
thence  northward  through  Iroquois  co.,  and  enters  the 
Kankakee  River  about  5  miles  S.E.  of  the  village  of  Kan- 
kakee, in  Illinois.     It  is  nearly  120  miles  long. 

Irpen,  ir-p6n',  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Kiev,  flows  E.,  then  N.,  and,  after  a  course  of 
100  miles,  joins  the  Dnieper  20  miles  above  Kiev. 

Ir^rawad'dy  (written  also  Irrawadi,  or  Irawadi. 
originally  Erivati,  the  "great  river"),  one  of  the  great 
rivers  of  Southeast  Asia,  is  supposed  to  rise  in  Thibet,  near 
lat.  28°  N.,  Ion.  97°  30'  E.,  flows  generally  S.,  traversing 
Burmah  and  British  Burmah,  and  enters  the  Indian  Ocean 
(Bay  of  Bengal),  by  numerous  mouths,  E.  of  Cape  Ncgrais, 
in  lat.  16°  1'  N.,  Ion.  94°  E.  Its  length  is  estimated  at  1 200 
miles.  Its  principal  affluents  are  the  Khyen-Dwem,  Mo- 
gouny,  Bhamo,  and  Lung-Tchuen  Rivers.  In  lat.  17°  N. 
it  separates  into  numerous  arms,  which  cover  a  large  part 
of  British  Burmah  with  a  network  of  ramifications,  and  the 
Rangoon  and  Bassein  branches  form  the  E.  and  W.  bound- 
aries of  its  delta,  a  region  comprising  upwards  of  10,000 
square  miles,  covered  with  teak  forests  and  grass-jungles 
interspersed  with  rice-grounds.  The  main  stream,  from 
the  head  of  the  delta  to  Yedan  above  Ava,  varies  from  1  to 

4  miles  in  breadth,  and  may  always  be  ascended  to  Ava 
from  the  sea  by  vessels  of  200  tons,  which,  during  the  rains, 
can  reach  Bhamo.  River-steamers  at  present  greatly  facili- 
tate commerce  on  this  river. 


IRU 


1473 


ISA 


[rrlich,  eoR'liK,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Wield  with  the  Rhine.     Pop.  1260. 

Irsa,  eSa'soh',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Pesth,  9 
miles  from  Czegled.     Pop.  1900. 

Irthing,  jr'thing,  a  river  of  England,  joins  the  Eden 
near  Newby,  after  a  S.  course  of  26  miles. 

Ir'tish,  Ir'tysh,  or  Irtisch  (Russ.  pron.  Sgn-tish'),  a 
river  of  Asia,  rises  in  the  Altai  Mountains,  near  hit.  47°  N., 
Ion.  89°  E.,  and  flows  N.W.  through  Soongaria  (in  Chinese 
Toorkistan)  and  West  Siberia.  It  traverses  Lake  Zaisan, 
and  joins  the  Obi  180  miles  N.  of  Tobolsk,  after  a  course 
estimated  at  upwards  of  1900  miles,  by  far  the  greater  part 
of  which  is  in  the  Russian  territories.  Its  principal  affluents 
on  the  right  are  the  Om,  Tara,  Shish,  Tui,  and  Demianka, 
and  on  the  left  the  Tunduk,  Osha,  Ishim,  Vagai,  Tobol,  and 
Konda  or  Mulina.  The  country  around  its  upper  portions 
is  one  of  the  best  agricultural  districts  in  Siberia. 

Irun,  e-roon',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Guipuzcoa,  near  the 
Bidassoa  and  the  frontier  of  France,  10  miles  by  rail  E,  of 
St.  Sebastian.     Pop.  2765. 

Iriipana,  e-roo-pil'n3,,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  department 
and  50  miles  E.  of  La  Paz, 

Irvin,  Howard  co.,  Ind.    See  EnviN. 

Irvine^  jr'vin,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  rises  on 
the  borders  of  Lanarkshire,  flows  W.,  and,  after  a  course  of 
20  miles,  joins  the  Firth  of  Clyde  by  an  estuary. 

Irvine,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  on  the  Firth  of 
Clyde,  at  a  railway  junction,  on  the  Irvine,  21  miles  S.W. 
of  Glasgow.  The  town  is  lighted  with  gas  and  well  sup- 
plied with  water.  It  has  an  academy,  endowed  and  other 
schools,  libraries,  a  news-room,  4  branch  banks,  and  a 
Oustom-house.  Its  harbor  is  provided  with  a  good  quay 
and  has  received  recent  improvements.  The  weaving  of 
book -muslins,  jaconets,  and  checks  employs  many  hands; 
it  has  also  rope-walks,  tanneries,  large  chemical  works, 
foundries,  and  distilleries.  Coal  forms  the  principal  article 
of  export.  The  borough  unites  with  Ayr,  Campbeltown, 
Oban,  and  Inverary  in  sending  one  member  to  the  House  of 
Commons.     Pop.,  with  Fullarton  (a  suburban  part),  8439. 

Irvine,  ?r'vin,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Estill  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Kentucky  River,  about  40  miles 
S.E.  of  Lexington.  It  has  a  bank,  3  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  iron  and  wool.  It  is  near  the  Estill  Springs,  a 
watering-place.     Pop.  224. 

Irvine,  Oregon.    See  InviXG. 

Irvine,  or  Irvineton,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co., 
Pa.,  in  Brokenstraw  township,  on  the  Alleghany  River,  at 
the  mouth  of  Brokenstraw  Creek,  23  miles  E.S.E.  of  Corry, 
6  miles  W.  of  Warren,  and  29  miles  N.E.  of  Titusville. 
It  is  the  N.  terminus  of  the  Pittsburg,  Titusville  <fc  Buffalo 
Railroad,  and  is  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad,  at 
its  junction  with  the  Dunkirk,  Alleghany  Valley  &  Pitts- 
burg Railroad.  It  has  2  churches,  a  foundry,  a  woollen- 
factory,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  sulphur  spring, 

Irvine,  §r'vln,  or  Dublin  Range,  a  post-village  in 
Jlegantic  co.,  Quebec,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Becancour  Station. 

Ir'vinestown,  or  Low'therstown,  a  town  of  Ire- 
land, on  a  railway,  9  miles  N.  of  p]nniskillen.     Pop.  787. 

Irving,  cr'ving,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  111., 
in  Irving  township,  on  the  Indianapolis  &  St.  Louis  Rail- 
road, 54  miles  E.N.E.  of  Alton,  and  17  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
Litchfield.  It  has  5  churches,  a  newspaper  ofi&ee,  a  saw- 
mill, and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  630. 

Irving,  a  post-village  of  Iowa,  on  Salt  Creek,  and  on 
the  boundary  between  Benton  and  Tama  cos.,  about  17 
miles  N.W.  of  Marengo,  and  4  miles  N.  of  Belle  Plain.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  collegiate  institute,  and  a  grist-mill.  The 
post-office  is  in  Tama  co. 

Irving,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Kansas.     Pop,  743. 

Irving,  a  township  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  374, 

Irving,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Kansas,  pleas- 
antly situated  on  the  Central  Branch  of  the  Union  Pacific 
Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Big  Blue  River,  91  miles  AV. 
of  Atchison,  and  about  33  miles  N.  of  Manhattan.  It  has 
an  academy  called  the  Wetmore  Institute,  a  newspaper  office, 
3  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  400, 

Irving,  a  station  in  Pendleton  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Kentucky 
Central  Railroad,  32  miles  S.  of  Covington. 

Irving,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Barry  co.,  Mioh., 
on  the  Thornapple  River,  and  on  the  Grand  River  Valley 
Railroad,  8  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Hastings.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  of  Irving  township,  1126. 

Irving,  a  post-hamlet  in  Irving  township,  Kandiyohi 
CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Green  Lake,  and  on  the  creek 
which  issues  from  that  lake,  about  40  miles  W.S.W.  of  St, 
Cloud.     Here  is  a  church.     Pop.  of  township,  383. 

Irving,  a  post-village  of  Chautauqua  co.,   N.Y.,   on 


Cattaraugus  Creek,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  29 
miles  S.S.AV.  of  Buffalo,  11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Dunkirk,  and 
about  i  mile  from  Lake  Erie.  It  contains  1  or  2  churches, 
a  flouring-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  355. 

Irving,  or  Irvine,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lane  co.,  Oregon, 
on  the  Oregon  &  California  Railroad,  7  miles  N,  of  Eugene 
City.     It  has  a  store  and  2  warehouses  for  grain. 

Irving,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Wis.,  in  Irving 
township,  on  Black  River,  8  miles  below  Black  River  Falls, 
and  about  33  miles  N.N.E,  of  La  Crosse.  It  has  a  lumber, 
mill  and  a  church.     Pop,  of  township,  1257, 

Irving  College,  a  post-oflace  of  Warren  co.,  Tenn. 

Irving  Park,  a  post-village  of  Cook  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  6J  miles  N.W.  of 
Chicago. 

Irving  Place,  a  hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  N.J.,  1  mil« 
S.W.  of  Irvington,  and  4  miles  from  Newarlj, 

Irvington,  ^r'ving-tpn,  a  post-village  of  Washington 
00.,  111.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  7  miles  S,  of  Cen- 
tralia,  and  106  miles  N.  of  Cairo.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
flour-mill.  Pop.  about  300,  Here  is  the  Illinois  Agricul- 
tural College,  organized  in  1866,  • 

Irvington,  a  suburban  village  in  Warren  and  Centre 
townships,  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton 
&  Indianapolis  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Indianapolis,  It 
contains  several  elegant  residences,  and  a  manufactory  of 
organs  which  employs  over  200  men.  It  is  the  seat  of  the 
Northwestern  Christian  University.     Pop,  650. 

Irvington,  a  village  in  Irvington  township,  Kossuth 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  East  Fork  of  the  Des  Moines  River,  5  miles 
below  Algona,  and  about  40  miles  N,  of  Fort  Dodge,  Pop. 
of  township,  460. 

Irvington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Geneva  township,  on  the  Michigan  Central  Rjiilroad,  32 
miles  AV.  by  N,  of  Kalamazoo.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
lumber-mill, 

Irvington,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  co..  Neb.,  2  milel 
from  AVarner,  and  8  miles  N.AV".  of  Omaha,     It  has  a  church. 

Irvington,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  N.J,,  in  Clinton 
township,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Newark,  It  haa  5  churches. 
Pop.  in  about  2000. 

Irvington,  a  post-village  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Hudson  River,  24  miles  by  rail  N.  of  New  York,  and  3 
miles  S.  of  Tan-ytown.  It  has  4  churches,  public  schools, 
and  horticultural  works.  Pop.  in  1890,  2299.  Here  is 
Sunny  Side,  the  former  residence  of  Washington  Irving. 

Irvington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chesterfield  co.,  S.C.,  in 
Old  Store  township,  about  20  miles  AV.  by  N.  of  Chesterfield. 

Irvo'na,  a  post-borough  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  25  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Bellwood.  It  has  2  churches,  a  publio 
school,  a  tannery,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  shingle-mill.  Pop. 
about  1000. 

Ir'well,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  after  a 
very  tortuous  S.  course  of  40  miles  joins  the  Mersey  at 
Flixton.  It  passes  Rochdale,  Bury,  and  Manchester,  at 
which  last  city  it  receives  the  Irk  and  the  Medloch. 

Irwin,  §r'win,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Georgia, 
Area,  601  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the 
Ocmulgee  River,  and  intersected  by  the  Allapaha  River. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  pine.  The  soil  is  mostly  sandy,  and  not  fertile. 
It  produces  cotton,  Indian  corn,  Ac,  and  is  traversed  by 
the  Georgia  Southern  &  Florida  Railroad.  Capital,  Irwin- 
ville.     Pop.  in  1870,  1837;  in  1880,  2696;  in  1890,  6316. 

IrAVin,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Iowa,  6  miles  by 
rail  N.  by  E.  of  Kirkman.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  oflico,  &o.     Pop.  about  400. 

Irwin,  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  0.,  23  miles  by  rail 
N.E.  of  Springfield.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  100. 

Irwin,  or  Irwin's  Station,  a  post-borough  of  AVest- 
moreland  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Youghiogheny  Railroad,  21  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Pittsburg,  and  10  miles  W.  of  Greensburg.  It  contains  9 
churches,  a  bank,  a  union  school,  a  foundry,  a  planing- 
mill,  a  plate-glass  factory,  and  2  newspaper  offices.  Coal  is 
mined  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  2428. 

Irwin's,  Belmont  oo.,  0.    See  Vallokia. 

Irwin's,  Jackson  co.,  0,     See  Camba, 

Irwinton,  §r'win-t9n,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wil- 
kinson CO.,  Ga.,  about  30  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Macon,  and  4 
miles  S.  of  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia  (Mclntiro  Sta- 
tion). It  has  1  or  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  the 
Talraage  Institute.     Pop.  of  Irwinton  township,  1838. 

Irwinville,  er'win-vil,  a  post-vilhige,  capital  of  Irwin 
CO.,  Ga.,  about  50  miles  E.  of  Albany, 

Is,  a  town  of  Asia.     See  Hit, 

Isa,  ee's&,  or  Is'sa,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  gov- 


ISii 


1474 


ISE 


•rnmeBt  of  Peni*,  flow*  N.W^  and,  after  a  oourae  of  about 
TO  mllea,  Joins  tbe  Moksba  9  miloa  below  TroiUk. 

laa*  a  river  of  Hutaia,  issuea  from  a  lake  in  tbe  gorem- 
ment  of  Vitebsk,  and  Joins  tbe  Velikuia.  Coumo,  05  miles. 
I'saao's  Harbor*  or  Stor'mont,  a  post-village  in 
Gujsborough  oo.,  Nova  Sootia,  on  tbe  Atlivntio  coast,  90 
miles  S.C.  of  New  Glasgow.  Several  gold-mines  are  worked 
here.  Tbe  surrounding  scenery  is  picturesque.  Pop.  400. 
Isobaf  e-si'si,  a  villngo  of  Spain,  in  Navurre,  province 
and  29  miles  N.K.  of  Pamplona.     Pup.  1100. 

Isnbal,  a  village  of  Central  America.     See  Izabal. 

Isabel*  is'%-b4l,  a  post-hamlet  of  Edgar  co.,  III.,  on 
the  Illinois  Midland  Railroad,  14  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Paris. 
Pop.  about  100. 

Isabel,  a  township  of  Fulton  co.,  III.,  bordering  on  the 
niinuis  and  Spoon  Rivers.     Pop.  716. 

Isabel,  a  post-office  of  Lane  oo.,  Oregon. 

Is^abel'la,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Michigan, 
has  iin  area  of  58U  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  tbe 
Chippewa  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  tbe  sources  of 
Pine  River.  Tbe  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and 
is  extensively  covered  With  forests.  The  soil  produces 
wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  &o.  The  Flint  &  Pere  Mar- 
quette Railroad  traverses  tbe  N.E.  part  of  this  county. 
Capital,  Mount  Pleasant.  Pop.  in  1870,  4113;  in  1»S0, 
12,159;  in  1890,  18,784. 

Isabella,  a  post-office  of  Pope  co.,  Ark. 

Isabella,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Worth  co.,  Ga.,near 
Isabella  Station,  which  is  on  tbe  Brunswick  &  Albany  Rail- 
road, 21  miles  E.S.E.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  court-house,  2 
churches,  and  a  public  school.     Pop.  about  250. 

Isabella,  a  township  of  Isabella  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Chip- 
pewa River,  contiguous  to  Mount  Pleasant.     Pop.  901. 

Isabella,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ozark  co..  Mo.,  about  70 
miles  S.E.  of  Springfield.     It  has  a  church. 

Isabella,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Chester  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Wilmington  &  Reading  Railroad,  24  miles  S.  of 
Reading.     Here  is  an  iron-furnace. 

Isabella,  e-s&-bdl'y&,  an  island  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Me.\ico.     Lat.  21°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  100°  W. 

Isabella,  a  port  on  the  N.  coast  of  Ilayti,  36  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Santiago.  Here  Columbus,  in  1493,  established 
the  first  European  settlement  in  the  New  World. 

Is'abelle,  or  Isabella,  a  township  of  Pierce  co.,  Wis., 
on  Lake  Pepin.     Pop.  225. 

Isabclle  River,  a  small  stream  of  Pierce  co.,  Wis., 
flows  southward  and  enters  Lake  Pepin'. 

Isac,  oo^s&k',  a  river  of  France,  in  the  department  of 
Loire-Infcrieure,  flows  W.,  and,  after  a  course  of  45  miles. 
Joins  the  Vilaine  opposite  Rieux. 

Isaca,  tbe  ancient  name  of  Exe. 

Isado'ra,  a  post-hamlet  of  Worth  co.,  Mo.,  18  miles  E. 
of  Hopkins,  and  about  65  miles  N.N.E.  of  St.  Joseph.  It 
has  a  steam  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  3  stores. 

Isakli,  e-s&k'lee,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  40  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Afioom. 

Isaktchi,  or  Isaktschi,  e-s&k'chce,  a  town  of  Rou- 
mania,  in  the  Dobrudja,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Danube, 
100  miles  N.E.  of  Silistria. 

Isala,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Yssel. 

Isaico,  a  village  and  volcano  of  America.     See  Izalco. 

Isamal,  e-si-m&I',  or  Izamal,  a  town  of  Yucatan,  50 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Merida,  on  tbe  road  to  Valladolid. 

Isano,  a  village  of  Italy.    See  Izzano. 

Isanotzkoi,  e-sA-not'skoi,  one  of  the  straits  uniting 
Bebring's  Sea  and  the  Pacific  Ocean.  It  separates  the 
island  of  Oonimak,  in  the  Aleutian  Archipelago,  from  the 
peninsula  of  Aliaska,  lat.  55°  N.,  and  is  about  24  miles 
long  by  9  miles  broad. 

Isanti,  i'san-te,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Minnesota, 
has  an  area  of  about  490  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
Rum  River.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  small  lakes 
and  forests.  Tbe  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats, 
and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Cambridge.  Pop. 
in  1870.  2035;  in  1880,  5063;  in  1890,  7607. 

Isanti,  a  post-hamlet  of  Isanti  co.,  Minn.,  on  or  near 
Rum  River,  about  2  miles  N.  of  Cambridge,  and  about  40 
miles  N.  of  Minneapolis.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of  Isanti 
township,  798. 

Isar,  ee'zar,  or  Iser,  ee'z^r  (anc.  hara),  a  river  of 
Germany,  rises  in  the  Tyrol,  N.  of  Innspruck,  traverses 
Bavaria  N.W.,  and  joins  the  Danube  on  the  right,  opposite 
Deggendorf.     Length,  165  miles. 

Isara,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Is^re. 

Isa  Somali,  Africa.    See  Eessah  Somaulee. 

Isau'ra,  or  Isau'ria,  a  famous  ancient  city  of  Asia 
Hinor,  the  ruins  of  which  are  near  tbe  town  of  Hajilar,45 


miles  W.  of  Karaman,  and  consist  of  a  fine  masnive  wall 
with  hexagonal  towers,  a  triumphal  arch,  and  tombs. 

I8barta,is-bar't&,a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  64  miles  N.  of 
Adalia. 

Isborsk,  is-boRsk',  a  small  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Pskov.  The  town,  founded  about 
862,  has  several  churches  and  a  ruined  castle. 

Isca,  an  ancient  name  of  Exkter. 

Iscauderoun,  Syria.    See  Iskanderoox. 

Isca  Siluruin,  the  ancient  name  of  Caerleom. 

Ischalis,  the  ancient  name  of  Ilciikstek. 

Ischan,  a  village  of  Central  Asia.     See  Isiiak. 

Ischcl,  isb'fl,  or  IhcIiI,  ish'l,  a  town  of  Upper  Austria, 
on  the  Traun,  over  which  there  is  a  suspension-bridge,  at 
the  junction  of  the  Ischol,  44  miles  S.W.  of  Steyor.  It  bus 
saline  springs  and  salt-works,  with  elegant  bath -establish- 
ments, which,  with  the  beauty  of  its  situation,  have  ren- 
dered it  a  fashionable  watering-place.  Pop.  2195;  or,  with 
surroundings,  6842. 

Ischia,  is'ke-A,  a  village  of  Italy,  21  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Viterbo.     Pop.  2397. 

Ischia,  a  town  and  bishop's  see  of  Italy,  on  the  N.E. 
coast  of  the  island  of  Ischia.  It  has  a  fort,  and  a  harbor 
suitable  for  light-draught  vessels.     Pop.  6497. 

Ischia  (anc.  Ar'ime,  Inar'tvie,  jUna'ria,  or  Pitliecu'aa), 
an  island  in  the  Mediterranean,  belonging  to  Italy,  8  miles 
S.W.  of  Cape  Miseno,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  a  chan- 
nel 6  miles  across.  Lat.  (E.  point)  40°  43'  54"  N. ;  Ion.  13° 
57'  45"  E.  It  is  7  miles  long  and  4  miles  broad.  Area,  26 
square  miles.  Near  its  centre  is  Mount  San  Nicoio,  or 
Enomeo,  an  extinct  volcano,  rising  about  2600  feet,  from 
which  the  surface  gradually  slopes  in  nil  directions  towards 
the  sea.  The  soil  is  very  fertile,  producing  great  quanti- 
ties of  superior  wine,  with  figs,  corn,  and  game.  Sulphur 
is  abundant,  and  tbe  mineral  springs  at  Casamaccia  are 
annually  resorted  to  by  summer  visitors.  Pop.  24,000. 
Principal  town,  Ischia,  on  its  N.E.  coast. 

Iscnim,  a  town  of  Siberia.    See  Ishim. 

Ischitella,  is-ke-tdl'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Foggia,  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  San  Sovoro,  near  the  Adriatic, 
at  the  N.  foot  of  Mount  Gargano.     Pop.  4913. 

IschI,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Ischel. 

Ischua,  ish'u-a,  a  post-village  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Ischua  township,  and  on  a  creek  of  the  same  name.  It 
is  also  on  the  Buffalo,  New  York  &  Phila4elphia  Railroad, 
57  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bufialo,  and  12  miles  N.  of  Olean.  It 
has  2  churches,  an  academy,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  steam 
saw-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  853. 

Ischua  Creek,  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  in  the  S.W.  part  of 
New  York,  falls  into  the  Alleghany  River. 

Ise>Fiord,  ce'sd-fe-oRd',  an  inlet  of  Dcnwaik,  on  the 
N.  side  of  the  island  of  Seeland.  Length,  20  miles ;  breadth, 
10  miles.  Iloeskilde-  and  Lamme-Fiords  are  its  chief 
branches,  and  it  contains  the  island  of  Ourcie. 

Isegheni,  ce's$h-Ghdra\  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Flanders,  24  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Bruges.  Pop.  7955.  li 
has  manufactures  of  linen,  sugar,  and  hats. 

Iselin,  Middlesex  co.,  N.J.     See  Uniontown. 

Iseno  Umi,  Japan.    See  Bay  of  Ovari. 

Iscuto,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Crato. 

Iseo,  e-si'o,  or  Sabino,  s&-bee'no,  a  to^n  of  Italy, 
province  of  Brescia,  on  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Lake  Iseo. 
Pop.  2151.    See  Lake  Iseo. 

Iser,  ee'zar,  a  river  of  Austria,  rises  in  the  N.  part  of 
Bohemia,  and,  after  a  S.S.W.  course  of  nearly  60  miles,  joins 
the  Elbe  above  Brandeis. 

Iser,  a  river  of  Germany.     See  Isar. 

Iserd,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey.     See  Sert. 

Isere,  ee'zaiR'  (anc.  Isara),  a  river  of  France,  rises  in 
Mount  Iseran  (in  Savoy),  flows  tortuously  W.  and  S.W.  past 
Grenoble  and  Romans,  and  joins  the  Rhone  on  the  left,  4 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Valence.     Length,  150  miles. 

Isere,  a  department  of  the  S.E.  of  France,  comprising 
part  of  the  old  province  of  Dauphin6.  Area,  3163  square 
miles.  Pop.  in  1881,  580,271.  The  surface  is  mountainous. 
Chief  rivers,  the  Rhone,  Isiire,  Drae,  and  Romanche.  The 
minerals  are  lignite,  anthracite,  lithographic  stones,  white 
marble,  iron,  lead,  zinc,  copper,  &c.  The  gold-mine  of  La 
Gardette,  discovered  in  1781,  was  abandoned  at  the  first 
revolution.  Grenoble  gloves,  made  here,  are  in  high  repute; 
and  the  cheese,  wine,  and  silk  of  the  department  are  cele- 
brated. Capital,  Grenoble.  The  department  is  divided  into 
the  arrondissements  of  Grenoble,  La  Tour  du  Pin,  Saint- 
Marccllin,  and  Vicnne. 

Iserlohn,  eo'z^r-lOne',  a  walled  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Westphalia,  on  a  railway,  18  miles  W.  of  Arnsberg.  Pop. 
16,838.   It  has  a  Latin  school,  and  manufactures  of  cutlery. 


ISE 


1475 


ISL 


brass- wares,  chemicals,  steam-engines,  machinery,  wire, 
needles,  pins,  buttons,  velvets,  silk,  woollen  stuffs,  and 
leather,  and  a  large  general  trade.  Near  it  is  much  pic- 
turesque scenery,  among  which  forges,  paper-mills,  bleach- 
in^-grounds,  &c.,  are  thickly  interspersed. 

Iscrnia^  e-sjn'ne-i  (anc.  Jblaer'nia),  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  23  miles  W.  of  Campobasso,  on  the  "W.  slope 
of  the  Apennines.  It  has  manufactures  of  paper,  cloth, 
pottery,  parchment,  leather,  <fcc.  Pop.  9066.  Isernia  has 
remains  of  extreme  antiquity.  It  was  nearly  destroyed  by 
%ia  earthquake  in  1S05. 

Iset,  e-s6t',  a  river  of  Siberia,  rises  in  Lake  Isetskoe,  in 
tiie  government  of  Perm,  and,  after  an  E.  course  of  more 
than  250  miles,  joins  the  Tobol  on  the  left.  Its  gold-wash- 
ings are  very  productive. 

Isetskoe,  a  lake  of  Siberia.    See  Iset. 

Isetskoe,  a  village  of  Siberia,  on  the  Iset,  in  the  gov- 
ernment of  Tobolsk, 

Isfahan,  a  city  of  Persia.    See  Ispahan. 

Ishaii,  or  Ischan,  ce-sh^u',  a  village  of  Central  Asia, 
24  miles  E.  of  Khiva. 

Ishgouish,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Chigosaise  River. 

Ishim,  or  Ischim,  ish'im*  or  ish-eem',  a  river  of  Sibe- 
ria, government  of  Tobolsk,  rises  S.  of  lat.  50°  N.,  and, 
after  a  tortuous  N.  course  of  700  miles,  through  a  sterile 
tract  termed  the  Steppe  of  Ishim,  joins  the  Irtish  120  miles 
S.E.  of  Tobolsk.  On  its  banks  are  the  towns  of  Petropau- 
lovsk  and  Ishim. 

Ishim,  or  Ischim,  a  town  of  Siberia,  government  and 
160  miles  E.S.E.  of  Tobolsk,  on  the  Ishim.     Pop.  5842. 

Ishlawrcoed,  ish-lowr'kwdd\  a  hamlet  of  England, 
CO.  of  Monmouth,  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Pontypool.  Pop.  2598. 

Ish'peming,  a  city  of  Marquette  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Duluth,  South  Shore  &  Atlantic  and  Chicago  <fc  North- 
western Railroads,  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Marquette,  and  2 
miles  W.  of  Negaunee.  It  has  10  churches,  a  national 
bank,  1  other  bank,  4  school-houses,  a  large  hotel  called 
the  Nelson  Ilouse,  a  foundry,  machine-shops,  a  blast- 
furnace, and  a  carriage-factory.  Five  newspapers  are 
published  here.  It  is  supported  mainly  by  its  iron-mines, 
which  are  very  rich.  There  are  several  iron-furnaces  in 
the  vicinity.     Pop.  in  1890,  11,197. 

Ishpeming,  a  township  of  Marquette  co.,  Mich.,  ad- 
jacent to  Ishpeming  City.     Pop.  904. 

Isia,  the  Latin  name  of  Eze. 

Isigny,  ee^seen'yee',  a  market-town  of  France,  in  Cal- 
vados, on  an  inlet  of  the  English  Channel,  near  its  con  fluence 
with  the  Viro,  20  miles  W.N.W,  of  Bayeux,     Pop,  2104. 

Isili,  e-sce'lee,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Sardinia,  37  miles 
N,  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  2195.     It  has  a  gunpowder-factory. 

Isinglass  (i'zing-glass)  River,  in  the  S.E.  part  of  New 
Hampshire,  falls  into  the  Cocheco  River. 

I'sinour's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Southern  Minnesota  Railroad,  50  miles  E.  of  Austin.  It  has 
a  flour-mill. 

I'sis,  a  river  of  England,  joins  the  Thame  at  Dorches- 
ter, CO.  of  Oxford,  the  stream  thenceforth  taking  the  name 
of  Thames. 

Isium,  or  Isjum,  a  town  of  Russia.    Sec  Izioom. 

Iskanderecyeh,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Scutari. 

Iskandereeyeh,  or  Iskanderiyeh,  a  town  of 
Egypt.    See  Alexandria. 

Iskanderoon,  Iskanderun,  or  Iscanderoiin, 
is-kin-d§-roon',  written  also  Iskenderun,  Scande- 
roon,  and  Alexandretta  (i.e.,  "Little  Alexandria") 
(anc.  A^ejTondrei'a),  a  seaport  town  of  Northern  Syria,  on  the 
E.  coast  of  the  Bay  of  Iskanderoon,  23  miles  N.  of  Antioch. 
Lat.  36°  35'  3"  N.;  Ion.  36°  E.  It  has  been  improved  in 
appearance,  and  also  in  salubrity,  by  the  drainage  of  an 
adjacent  marsh,  but  is  still  unhealthy.  It  is  the  port  of 
Antioch  and  of  Aleppo,  and  has  the  best  harbor  on  the 
Syrian  coast,  with  an  import  trade  in  corn,  rice,  salt,  and 
European  goods,  and  exports  of  galls,  silk,  cotton,  syrup, 
wheat,  barley,  castor-oil  beans,  tobacco,  wool,  gums,  wax, 
glue,  sesame,  butter,  provisions,  mohair,  hides,  leather, 
soap,  ifec.  ISKANDEROOK  is  derived  from  Alexander  (in 
Turkish,  Ixhander)  the  Great,  in  honor  of  whom  the  ancient 
Alexasdria  was  named.    See  Bay  of  Iskanderoon. 

Iskardoh,  a  state  of  Asia.    See  Bulti. 

Iskardoh,  is-kar'do,  a  valley  of  Little  Thibet,  19  miles 
in  length,  and  7  miles  across,  traversed  by  the  Upper  Indus. 

Iskardoh,  or  Iskardo,  a  town  of  Asia,  capital  of 
Bulti,  on  the  Upper  Indus.    Lat.  35°  10'  N.;  Ion.  75°  27'  E. 

Iskelib,  is'k^h-leeb,  or  £ski]up,  es'k^-lup,  a  town 
Df  Asia  Minor,  near  the  Kizil-Irmak,  26  miles  W.N.W,  of 
Chooroom,  Estimated  pop,  9000,  It  has  an  old  castle  and 
•ereral  Byzantine  remains. 


Iskenderun,  or  Iskenderoon.    See  Iskanderoon. 

Isker,  is'k^r,  sometimes  written  Esker  (anc.  (Ks'chh), 
a  river  of  Bulgaria,  rises  in  the  Balkan,  flows  N.N.E.,  and 
joins  the  Danube  22  miles  W.  of  Nicopolis.  Total  course, 
150  miles. 

Iskil,  is'kil  or  is-keel',  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  60  miles 
N.E.  of  Konieh.     Pop.  about  2500. 

Isia,  ees'li,  a  Spanish  word  signifying  "island,"  and 
forming  a  part  of  many  names,  as  Isla  del  Rey,  "  King's 
Island,"  Isla  de  Pinos,  "Isle  of  Pines,"  <feo. 

Isla,  i'la,  or  Islay,  i'li,  a  river  of  Scotland,  cos.  of 
Forfar  and  Perth,  enters  the  Tay  after  a  S.W.  course  of  41 
miles. 

Isla,  a  post-office  of  Saunders  co.,  Neb.,  about  50  miles 
W.  of  Omaha. 

Isla,  Hebrides,    See  Islay. 

Isla  de  la  Iliguera,  ees'li  di  li  e-gi'rH,  or  Isla- 
Cristina,  ees'li-kris-tce'ni,  a  village  of  Spain,  province 
and  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Iluelva,  with  a  natural  harbor,  be- 
tween the  rivers  Guadiana  and  Odiel,  on  the  Mediterranean. 
Pop.  1819. 

Isla  del  Angel  de  la  Guardia,  ees'ljl  di\  hng-niV 
di  li  gwaR'dee-i,  Angeles,  ing'HA-16s,  or  Santa  Inez, 
sin'ti  ee'nfiz,  the  largest  island  in  the  Gulf  of  California, 
Mexico,  is  divided  from  Old  California  by  the  Whale's  (or 
Ballenas)  Channel.     Length,  49  miles. 

Isla  de  Leon,  ees'li  di  li-on',  a  long,  narrow  island 
in  the  S.  of  Spain,  province  of  Cadiz,  in  the  Atlantic,  sepa- 
rated from  the  mainland  by  the  channel  of  Santi  Petri. 
Length,  10  miles;  breadth,  about  2  miles.  On  it  are  the 
cities  of  Cadiz  and  Isla  do  Leon. 

Isla  de  Leon,  or  San  Fernando,  sin  fer-nin'do, 
a  city  of  Spain,  province  and  7  miles  S.E.  of  Cadiz,  at  a 
railway  junction,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Isla  de  Leon.  It  is 
very  ancient,  is  strongly  fortified,  and  its  arsenal  is  noted 
for  its  great  extent.  It  has  2  hospitals,  several  convents, 
an  excellent  marine  observatory,  and  manufactures  of  soap, 
salt,  leather,  and  spirits.     Pop.  18,202. 

Isla  del  Rey,  ees'li  dSI  ri,  the  largest  of  the  Pearl 
Islands,  in  the  Gulf  of  Panama,  South  America.  Length, 
20  miles. 

Isla  de  Negros,  ees'li  di  ni'groce,  an  island  of  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  near  the  N.  coast  of  Admiralty  Island.  See 
also  Negros. 

Isla  de  Pinos,  the  Spanish  name  of  the  Isle  of  Pines. 

Isladi,  isMi'dee,  a  town  of  Bulgaria,  40  miles  E.  of 
Sophia,  on  the  Vid. 

Islam^abad',  a  town  of  Cashmere,  on  the  Jhylum.  27 
miles  S.E.  of  Serinagur.  It  has  considerable  manufac- 
tures of  shawls,  chintzes,  and  coarse  cottons  and  woollens. 

Islamabad,  a  town  of  India.    See  Chitxagong. 

Isla  Mayor,  ees'li  mi-oR',  a  large  island  of  Spain, 
province  of  Seville,  embraced  by  two  arms  of  the  Guadal- 
quivir, between  Seville  and  the  sea.     Length,  17  miles. 

Islamgnrh,  is-lim-gilr',  a  fort  of  India,  dominions  and 
120  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Bhawlpoor. 

Islamje,  or  Islamdji,  Turkey.    See  Seltmno. 

Islamkote,  is-lim-kot',  a  fort  of  India,  in  Sinde,  near 
the  Cutch  frontier. 

IsMamnug'gur,  or  Islamnagar,  isMim-nug'iir,  « 
town  of  India,  district  of  Budaon,  45  miles  W.  of  Bareilly. 
Pop.  5424, 

Islamnnggur,  or  Islamnagur,  isMim-nug'iir,  a 
town  of  India,  on  the  Betwah,  a  tributary  of  the  Jumna, 

6  miles  N.  of  Bhopaul.     Lat.  23°  24'  N. ;  Ion.  77°  30'  E. 
Islampoor,  is-lim-poor',  a  town  of  India,  in  Ajmeer, 

105  miles  W.S.W,  of  Delhi.    Lat.  28°  6'  N.;  Ion.  75°  40'  E. 

Islampoor,  a  town  of  Bengal.    See  Atasarai. 

Island,  i'land,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Washing- 
ton, borders  on  the  Strait  of  Juan  de  Fuca.  It  consists  of 
two  islands,  named  Camano  and  Whidby.  The  latter  is 
nearly  40  miles  long,  is  comparatively  narrow,  and  is 
bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  Admiralty  Inlet,  which  is  navi- 
gable for  large  ships.  Camano  Island  is  much  inferior  in 
size  to  Whidby.  The  surface  of  the  county  is  partly  cov- 
ered with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Barley,  grass,  wool, 
and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Coupville. 
Area,  220  square  miles.    Pop.  in  1880,  1087  ;  in  1890,  1787. 

Island,  Islanda,  or  Islandia.    See  Iceland. 

Island,  a  post-village  of  Iberville  parish,  La.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Baton  Rouge. 

Island,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Sus- 
quehanna River,  about  3  miles  below  Lock  Haven.  It  baa 
2  churches. 

Island  Branch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kanawha  oo.,  W.  Va., 

7  miles  N.E.  of  Sissonville. 

Islandbridge,  n^nd-brij',  a  village  of  Ireland,  ia 


ISL 


1476 


ISL 


Lviactw,  eo.  of  Dublin,  on  the  Liffey,  1}  mil«  W.  of  Dublin 
CMtl*.     Her*  ar«  ftrtlllory  barrMks. 

laland  Urook,  a  post-village  in  Compton  oc,  Quobeo, 
9  milea  E.S.K.  of  Gookthir*.     Pop.  100. 

Ivland  City,  a  post-offlce  of  Owsley  oo.,  Ky.,  86  milei 
tr.B.  of  LirinKaton. 

Island  City,  a  post-village  of  Qentry  oo.,  Mo.,  about 
86  miles  N.N.K.  of  St.  Joseph.     It  has  a  ohurah. 

Island  City,  a  post-village  of  Union  oo.,  Oregon,  4 
m{lc»  N.E.  of  La  Grande.  It  bus  a  flour-mill,  a  store,  a 
harness-shop,  Ae. 

Island  Cove,  a  fishing  and  farming  village  in  New- 
fiuintllunil,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Conception  Bay,  27  miles 
from  Ciirbonotir.     Pop.  830. 

Island  Cove,  a  village  of  Newfoundland,  9  miles  from 
Ilftfbor  Grace.     Pop.  970. 
-  Island  Creek,  a  post-oflSce  of  Calvert  oo.,  Md. 

Island  Creek,  a  station  in  Plymouth  oo.,  Mass.,  the 
S.  terminus  of  the  South  Duxbury  Branch  of  the  Old  Colony 
Kailroad,  is  41  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Boston. 

Island  Creek,  a  township  of  Duplin  co.,  N.C.  Pop. 
1449.     It  contains  Duplin  Roads. 

Island  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  0.,  in 
Island  Creok  township  (which  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Ohio  River),  about  7  miles  N.W.  of  Steubenvillo.  The 
township  is  intersected  by  the  Cleveland  &  Pittsburg  Rail- 
road.    Pop.  of  the  township,  1909. 

Islande,  the  French  name  of  Iceland. 

Island  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Aroostook  co..  Mo.,  in 
Island  Falls  township,  on  the  Mattawamkeag  River,  26 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Koulton.  It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  183. 

Island  Ford,  a  post-office  of  Rutherford  oo.,  N.C,  on 
Broad  River,  20  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Shelby. 

Island  Ford,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  Tenn. 

Island  Grove,  a  township  of  Sangamon  co..  111.  Pop. 
1069.  Island  Grove  Station,  near  this  township,  is  on  the 
Springfield  A  Quincy  division  of  the  Wabash  Railroad,  19 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Springfield. 

Island.  Home,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tallapoosa  oo.,  Ala., 
on  the  Tallapoosa  River,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Sturdevant.  It 
has  a  church. 

Island  Lake,  a  station  in  Carlton  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
North  Pacific  Railroad,  46  miles  W.  of  Duluth. 

Island  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lyon  co.,  Minn.,  11 
miles  S.W.  of  Marshall. 

Island  Lake,  British  America.  See  North  Lined  Lake. 

Island  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn.,  4  miles 
from  Union  Depot.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  2  stores. 

Island  Mine,  a  post-hamlet  of  Isle  Royale  co.,  Mich., 
on  an  island  ip  Lake  Superior,  about  60  miles  N.  of  Ilough- 
ton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  copper-mine. 

Island  No.  10  is  situated  in  the  Mississippi  River,  at 
the  W.  extremity  of  Kentucky,  and  on  the  border  of  Ten- 
nessee, about  40  miles  below  Columbus.  It  was  taken  by 
the  Union  army  in  April,  1802. 

Island  of  Desolation.    See  Kerguelen  Land. 

Island  of  St.  John.    See  Prince  Edward  Island. 

Island  Pond,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Pa.,  4  miles 
£.  of  Starucca  Station. 

Island  Pond,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Brighton  township,  on  a  small  lake  of  the  same  name,  and 
on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  149  miles  N.W.  of  Portland, 
Me.,  and  about  60  miles  N.E.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office,  3  churches,  several  mills  for  lumber  and 
flour,  and  a  graded  school.  Here  is  a  custom  house. 
.  Islandshire,  i'land-shir,  a  part  of  the  co.  of  North- 
nmberland,  in  England,  comprises  Holy  Island.     Pop.  4592. 

Islands  of  the  Blest.    See  Canaries. 

Island  Station,  a  post-office  of  Arapahoe  oo..  Col.,  14 
miles  N.  of  Denver,  and  1  mile  from  Henderson's  Island,  on 
the  Denver  Pacific  Railroad. 

Island  Station,  a  post-office  of  McLean  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Owensborough  &  Nashville  Railroad,  24  miles  S.  of 
Owensborough.     Here  is  a  church. 

Isia  Plana,  Spain.    See  Tabarca. 

Islas  Filipinas,  the  Spanish  for  Philippine  Islands. 

Islay,  ees-li',  a  town  of  Peru,  on  the  sea-coast,  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Mollendo,  with  a  custom-house  and  a  good  road- 
stead.    Lat.  17°  S. ;  Ion.  72°  10'  5"  W. 

Islay,  i'l&,  or  Isla,  i'la,  one  of  the  larger  islands  of  the 
Inner  Hebrides,  in  Scotland,  co.  of  Argyle,  immediately 
S.W.  of  the  island  of  Jura,  and  14  miles  W.  of  the  peninsula 
of  Kintyre.  It  is  25  miles  long  by  17  miles  broad,  and  is 
formed  of  quartz  rock,  clay  schists,  and  limestone.  It  has 
beds  of  marl,  bog  iron  ore,  and  lead-  and  copper-mines. 
J^ineipal  exports,  cattle,  limestone,  and  whisky.     P.  8143. 


Islay  Sound,  between  the  island  of  Islay  and  Jurm, 
has  an  average  breadth  of  1  mile. 

Isle,  eel  (anc.  In'tulat),  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  tho 
department  of  Haute- Vienne,  and  joins  the  Dordogne  at 
Libourne,  after  a  S.W.  course  of  100  miles.  It  is  navigable 
from  P6rigueus  to  the  Qironde. 

Isle  au  Carrot,  eel  5  karVO',  an  island  in  the  St, 
Lawrence,  N.  of  Crane  Island,  below  Queboo.  It  is  about 
li  miles  long. 

Isle  au  Chat,  eel  0  shU,  an  island  in  the  mouth  of 
Lake  St.  Francis,  nn  expansion  of  the  rivor  St.  Lawrence, 
off  the  S.W,  angle  of  Grande  Isle. 

Isle  au  Haut,  eel  O  ho,  at  the  entrance  of  Penobscot 
Bay,  Hancock  co..  Me.,  is  composed  of  high,  steep  clifl's, 
and  contains  a  fixed  light,  40  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
sea,  lat.  43°  69'  N.,  Ion.  68°  34'  W.  The  township  of  Isle 
au  Haut  comprises  this  and  several  other  islands. 

Isle  an  H^ron,  eel  o  h4V6N«',  an  island  in  the  La 
chine  Rapids,  a  little  below  Caughnawaga,  Quebec. 

Isle  au  Raisin,  eel  o  rii'zktf',  an  island  at  the  entrance 
of  Lake  St.  Peter,  between  La  Pierre  and  Dumoine  Islands, 
on  the  S.  side  of  the  south  channel  of  the  St.  Lawrence. 

Isle  au  S6pulcre,  eel  C  s&-plilk'r',  an  island  of  Que. 
bee,  in  the  river  Chicoutimi,  4  miles  above  Portage  da 
I'Enfant. 

Isle  aux  Chats,  eel  S  sh&,  a  settlement  in  Argen- 
teuil  CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  North  River,  li  miles  from  Caril- 
lon. It  is  connected  with  an  island  of  the  same  name,  con- 
taining saw-,  grist-,  and  woollen-mills. 

Isle  aux  Chieus,  eel  Q  shee'fiNu',  an  islet  and  fishinj; 
village  at  the  harbor-entrance  of  the  French  island  of  St. 
Pierre,  near  Newfoundland.    Pop.  499. 

Isle  aux  Coudres,  eel  o  kood'r  ("hazel  island"),  a 
post-village  in  Charlevoix  co.,  Quebec,  on  an  island  of  the 
same  name  in  the  St.  Lawrence,  12  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Paul's 
Bay.     Pop.  718. 

Isle  aux  Grues,  eel  o  grii,  a  post-village  in  Mont- 
magny  co.,  Quebec,  on  an  island  in  the  St.  Lawrence,  6 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  St.  Thomas.     Pop.  639, 

Isle  aux  Noix,  Quebec.    See  Fort  Isle  aux  Noix. 

Isle  aux  Porames,  eel  0  p&m,  an  island  in  tho  river 
St.  Lawrence,  off  Green  Island. 

Isle  aux  Reaux,  eel  o  ro,  an  island  in  the  St.  Law- 
rence, off  the  N.E.  end  of  the  island  of  Orleans,  Quebec.  It 
is  about  li  miles  long. 

Isle  aux  Tetes,  eel  5  t€t,  or  Ash  Island,  an  island 
in  the  Richelieu  River,  Canada,  near  the  mouth  of  tho 
Lacolle.     On  it  is  a  redoubt  commanding  the  river. 

Isle-Baise,  eel-biz,  a  town  of  France,  in  Gers,  N.  of 
Mirande,  on  the  Baise.     Pop.  927. 

Isle  Bellerive,  eel  bePreev',  the  largest  islet  in  the 
mouth  of  the  St.  Maurice,  Quebec. 

Isle  Bizard,eel  be^zan',  an  island  in  the  Lake  of  Two 
Mountains,  Quebec,  6  miles  S.  of  St.  Eustache.     Pop.  835. 

Isleborough,  il'bui-ruh,  a  poft-township  of  Waldo 
CO.,  Me.,  comprising  Long  Island,  in  Penobscot  l!ay.  Area, 
6OO0  acres.  It  has  3  churches,  district  iind  hij;h  schools, 
lies  10  miles  E.  of  Belfast,  and  its  people  are  largely  en- 
gaged in  maritime  pursuits.     Pop.  in  1890,  1006. 

Isle-Bouchard,  eel-boo^shan',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Indre-et-Loire,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Chinon,  on  an  island  iu 
the  Vienne.     Pop.  1569. 

Isle-Bonin,  France.    See  Bouin. 

Isle  Bouquet,  eel  boo^ki',  an  island  in  the  river  St. 
Lawrence,  opposite  Laprairie,  Quebec, 

Isle  Brulee,  eel  briiMd',  an  island  in  the  St.  Law* 
rence,  nearly  opposite  the  mouth  of  the  Kamouraska  River. 
It  is  one  of  the  Kamouraska  group. 

Isle  Carillon,  eel  ki'ree^yiK"',  an  island  in  the  Ot- 
tawa, at  the  entrance  of  the  Lake  of  Two  Mountains.  Sea 
also  Isle  aux  Chats. 

Isle-d'Aix,  L',  France.     See  Ile  d'Aix, 

Isle  de  France.     See  Ile  de  France. 

Isle-Dieu,  Isle-d'Yeu,  or  L'lle-d'Yeu,  leel 
de-uh',  a  town  and  fortified  island  of  France,  Vendee,  in 
the  Atlantic,  about  10  miles  from  tho  coast,  and  28  miles 
N.W.  of  Les  Sables.  Pop.  of  town,  3118  ;  of  commune,  3275. 

Isle  Uupas,  eel  dii'pi',  a  post-village  in  Berthier  co., 
Quebec,  on  an  island  in  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  2i  miles 
S.E.  of  Berthier-en-Ilaut.     Pop.  150. 

Isle  du  Portage,  eel  dii  pon't&zh',  a  small  island  of 
Quebec,  at  the  N.E.  end  of  the  island  of  Montreal,  below 
Ste.  Th6rese  de  Blainville. 

Isle-en-Dodon,  L',  France.     See  L'Isle-hn-Dodon. 

Isle-en-Jourdain,  cel-5N»-zhooH'd4N»',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Gers,  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lombez,  on  the  Save. 
Pop.  2248.     It  has  manufactures  of  leather. 


ISL 


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ISL 


Isle  J6sus,  col  zhi^ziis',  an  island  in  the  province  of 
Quebec,  comprising  the  co.  of  Lav.al,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Mon- 
treal, bounded  by  the  Jesus  and  Prairie  Rivers,  branches  of 
the  Ottawa  before  it  joins  the  St.  Lawrence.  Length,  23 
miles;  greatest  breadth,  6  miles.  Area,  54,202  acres.  Pop. 
9472.     Capital,  Saintc  Rose. 

Isle-Jourdain,  eel-zhooRM4N»',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Vienne,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Montmorillon,  on  the  Vienne. 

Isle,  L',  leel,  a  town  of  France,  in  Vaucluse,  14  miles  E. 
of  Avignon,  on  an  island  formed  by  the  Sorgue.    Pop.  3795. 

Isle  La  Motte,  eel  IS,  mot,  u  post-town  of  Grand  Isle 
CO.,  Vt.,  on  an  island  of  its  own  name,  6  miles  long,  in  Lake 
Ghamplain,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Burlington.  Here  are  2 
churches,  district  schools,  and  extensive  quarries  of  black, 
gray,  and  variegated  marble.     Pop.  in  1890,  551. 

Isle  La  Peche,  eel  la  paish,  an  island  in  the  river  St. 
Maurice,  at  the  N.E.  extremity  of  the  rear  of  Batiscan, 
Quebec.  It  is  much  frequented  by  Indians  and  the  inhab- 
itants around  La  Tuque  for  its  excellent  fishing. 

Isle  3Iadame,  eel  m&Mim',  an  island  in  the  Atlantic, 
belonging  to  Richmond  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  and  separated  by 
Lennox  Passage,  on  the  N.,  from  Cape  Breton  Island.  It 
contains  Arichat  and  other  towns,  and  is  16  miles  long  from 
E.  to  W.,  by  5  miles  broad. 

Isle  Madame,  an  island  in  the  St.  Lawrence,  off  the 
N.E.  point  of  the  island  of  Montreal. 

Isle  Moran,  eel  mo^rfino',  an  island  on  the  S.  side  of 
Lake  St.  Peter,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Nicolet  River,  Quebec, 
which  it  divides  into  2  branches. 

Isle  of  Axholme,  England.    See  Axholme  Isle. 

Isle  of  Coves,  kuvz,  an  island  in  Lake  Huron,  at  the 
entrance  of  Georgian  Bay. 

Isle  of  Dogs,  or  Poplar  Marshes,  a  peninsula  of 
the  Thames,  England,  co.  of  Middlesex,  3J  miles  E.S.E.  of 
St.  Paul's,  London.  The  Cubittown,  Millwall,  and  West 
India  docks  are  situated  here,  and  the  city  canal  intersects 
it.    In  former  times  the  king's  hounds  were  kept  here. 

Isle  of  Ely  (ee'lee),  a  district  of  England,  co.  of  Cam- 
bridge, lying  N.  of  the  centre  of  the  county,  from  the  rest 
of  which  it  is  separated  on  the  S.  by  the  Ouse.  Area,  227,326 
acres.     Pop.  65,333. 

Isle  of  France,  Great  Britain.    See  Mauritius. 

Isle  of  France  (a  province).    See  Ile  db  France. 

Isle  of  Graine,  an  island  of  England,  in  Kent,  formed 
by  the  Thames,  Medway,  and  Yantlet  Creek,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Thames,  \V.  of  Sheppey,  and  IJ  miles  W.  of  Sheer- 
ness.    Area,  3177  acres.     Pop.  292. 

Isle  of  Man  (anc.  Mona'pia  or  Monari'na),  an  island 
in  the  Irish  Sea,  30  miles  W.  of  England,  32  miles  E.  of 
Ireland,  15  miles  S.  of  Scotland,  and  48  miles  N.  of  AVales. 
Lat.  (Castleton  Light)  54°  4'  24"  N. ;  Ion.  4°  36'  30"  W. 
Extreme  length,  about  30  miles,  with  an  irregular  breadth 
varying  from  6  to  12  miles.  Area,  179,200  acres.  Moun- 
tains extend  nearly  through  the  entire  length  of  the  island. 
Veins  containing  ores  of  lead,  zinc,  copper,  and  iron  inter- 
sect the  mountains  in  a  N.  and  S.  direction.  The  island  is 
well  watered.  The  principal  streams  are  the  Neb,  at  Peel, 
the  Colby,  near  Ramsay,  and  the  Black  and  Gray  Waters, 
near  Douglas.  The  valleys  are  some  of  them  fertile  in  grass 
and  pasture,  and,  where  the  land  is  somewhat  level,  grain  is 
cultivated.  Agriculture  is  much  improved  of  recent  years, 
and  railways  have  been  constructed. 

This  island  is  chiefly  peopled  by  the  Manx  (Menavix),  of 
the  Celtic  race,  and  was  long  ruled  by  its  own  kings.  It 
was  latterly  held  as  a  feudal  sovereignty  by  the  Earls  of 
Derby,  and  more  recently  by  the  Dukes  of  Athol,  from 
whom  it  was  purchased  for  the  British  crown  in  1806.  The 
legislative  and  judicial  authority  is  principally  vested  in 
the  House  of  Keys,  a  self-perpetuating  body.  The  governor 
is  named  by  the  crown.  The  Manx  language,  derived  from 
the  ancient  Celtic,  is  still  in  common  use,  although  the  in- 
habitants speak  English.  The  island  forms  the  Anglican 
diocese  of  Sodor  and  Man.  Principal  towns,  Castletown, 
the  capital.  Peel,  Douglas,  and  Ramsay.  Pop.  in  1871, 
64.042;  in  1881,  53,558;  in  1S91,  55,598. Adj.  Manx. 

Isle  of  Orleans,  Quebec,  situated  in  the  St.  Lawrence 
River,  4  miles  N.E.  of  the  city  of  Quebec,  is  20  miles  in 
length  and  6  miles  in  greatest  breadth.  It  is  fertile  and 
well  wooded.     Area,  70  square  miles. 

Isle  of  Pines,  or  Kunie,  koo'neo'  (Fr.  Tie  des  Pint, 
»el  di  pa,.v),  a  French  island  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  S.E.  of 
New  Caledonia,  of  which  colony  it  is  a  dependency.  It  is 
aconvict-settlement.  Lat.  of  peak,  22°  38'  S. ;  Ion.  167° 
25'  E.  It  is  42  miles  in  circumference.  The  scenery  is 
beautiful.     Pop.  2500. 

1.  Isle  of  Fines  (Sp.  Ma  de  Pinot,  ees'l4  di  pee'nooe), 
an  island  in  the  West  Indian  Archipelago,  50  miles  S.  of 


Cuba,  to  which  it  belongs.  It  lies  between  21°  27'  and  21* 
58'  N.  lat.  and  between  76°  11'  and  76°  52'  W.  Ion.  Length, 
from  E.  to  W.,  about  60  miles;  greatest  breadth,  55  miles. 
Area,  600  square  miles.  Its  coasts  are  indented  with  nu- 
merous bays.  The  general  aspect  of  the  island  is  exceed- 
ingly picturesque,  presenting  lofty  mountains,  extensive 
plains,  and  multitudes  of  beautiful  rivulets.  A  marsh  ex- 
tends across  it  from  E.  to  W.,  dividing  it  into  two  unequal 
parts.  The  most  remarkable  mountains  are  the  Sierra  de 
la  Canada,  rising  about  1600  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea, 
and  with  precipices  150  feet  in  height;  the  Daguilla,  ele-/ 
vated  1500  feet,  affording  from  its  summit  a  beautiful  pano- 
ramic view  of  the  whole  island;  the  Sierra  de  los  Cabelios,. 
1074  feet  in  height,  and  Mount  Casas,  half  a  league  from 
it,  are  composed  of  beautiful  marble  of  all  qualities  and 
colors ;  and  the  Cristales,  though  of  little  height,  is  remark- 
able for  the  green  rock  crystal  abounding  on  its  sides.  Sev- 
eral of  the  rivers  have  a  depth  of  from  5  to  10  feet  and  are 
navigable  4  or  5  miles.  The  climate  of  the  island  is  mild 
and  remarkably  salubrious.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  The 
principal  products  are  cattle,  tobacco,  pine,  mahogany,  cedar, 
and  other  woods,  sulphur,  spirits  of  turpentine,  pitch,  tar, 
marble  of  all  qualities  and  colors,  rock  crystals,  and  tor- 
toise-shells. There  are  also  mines  of  silver,  quicksilver, 
and  iron.  The  Isle  of  Pines  is  a  dependency  of  Havana. 
It  was  discovered  by  Columbus  in  1494.  Capital,  Nueva 
Gerona.  For  many  years  it  was  notorious  as  a  resort  of 
pirates.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Isle  of  Port'land,  a  peninsula  of  England,  co.  of 
Dorset,  extending  into  the  English  Channel,  4i  miles  long 
by  2  miles  wide,  and  connected  with  the  mainland  by  the 
Chesil  Bank,  a  narrow  ridge  of  shingle  lOi  miles  in  length 
and  terminating  on  the  S.  by  Portland  Bill,  a  rocky  prom-r 
ontory  with  two  light-houses  198  feet  above  the  sea.  It 
has  excellent  stone-quarries  and  several  ancient  remains, 
with  a  castle  built  by  Henry  VIII.  It  forms  the  W.  side  of 
AVeymouth  harbor,  and  gives  the  title  of  duke  to  the  Bcn- 
tinck  family.  Off  its  S.  extremity  is  Portland  Race,  a  dan- 
gerous part  of  the  Channel,  in  which  .the  tides  set  E.  with 
great  velocity.  Portland  has  a  great  convict-prison,  and  a 
magnificent  harbor  of  refuge,  artificially  formed  by  the 
construction  (1849-71)  of  a  grand  breakwater  of  stone. 
Pop.  9907. 

Isle  of  Pur'beck,  a  peninsular  district  of  England, 
CO.  of  Dorset,  between  the  river  Fromo  and  the  English 
Channel,  terminating  in  St.  Alban's  Head.  Length,  10 
miles;  breadth,  about  7  miles.  Corfe  Castle  is  in  this  dis- 
trict, which  affords  much  marble,  limestone,  and  pipe-clay 

Isle  of  Ser'pents,  a  lofty  islet  in  the  Black  Sea,  23 
miles  E.  of  the  delta  of  the  Danube.  It  is  reputed  to  have 
possessed  in  antiquity  a  temple  of  Achilles  (after  whom  the 
island  was  also  named),  but  of  which  no  traces  remain. 

Isle  of  Than'et,  an  island  forming  the  N.E.  ex- 
tremity of  the  CO.  of  Kent,  England,  surrounded  N.  and 
E.  by  the  sea  and  S.  and  W.  by  the  river  Stour  and  its 
branch  the  Nethergong,  both  formerly  navigable  for  ships 
of  large  burden.  Length,  10  miles;  breadth,  5  miles. 
Area,  26,500  acres.  The  surface  is  level,  lofty,  and  com- 
mands views  of  the  sea  and  the  coast  of  France.  The  soil 
is  fertile,  and  yields,  among  other  products,  large  quan- 
tities of  canary-seed.  Its  N.E.  point,  the  North  Foreland, 
lat.  51°  22'  29"  N.,  Ion.  1°  26'  47"  E.,  has  a  light-houso 
340  feet  above  the  sea  and  visible  for  22  miles.  Near  it 
are  two  large  tumuli,  said  to  mark  the  place  of  a  battle  be- 
tween the  Saxons  and  the  Danes  in  a.d.  853.  The  town  of 
Reculver,  on  the  N.W.,  marks  the  site  of  the  ancient  lie- 
gnlhium  ;  and  Richborough,  on  its  S.  side,  was  the  ancient 
lihiUitpium.  Thanet  was  the  first  possession  of  the  Saxons 
in  Britain.  On  it  are  the  favorite  watering-places  Raras- 
gate,  Margate,  and  Broadstairs,  and  it  is  intersected  by  a 
branch  of  the  Southeastern  Railway.     Pop.  30,134. 

Isle  of  the  Seven  Mountains.  SeeSEMisopocnxoi. 

Isle  of  Whit'horn,  a  maritime  vill.ige  and  island  of 
Scotland,  co.  of  Wigton,  at  the  head  of  a  small  bay,  3  miles 
S.E.  of  Whithorn,  with  a  safe  harbor.     Pop.  459. 

Isle  of  Wight,  il  (?v  wit'  (anc.  Vec'tit),  an  island  in 
the  English  Channel,  off  the  S.  coast  of  England,  separated 
by  the  Solent  and  Spithead  from  th<»  mainland  of  Hamp- 
shire, in  which  county  it  is  included.  Length,  from  E.  to 
W.,  22i  miles;  greatest  breadth  at  its  centre,  13i  miles. 
Area,  146  square  miles.  It  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful 
parts  of  the  kingdom,  presenting  almost  every  variety  of 
landscape  in  miniature.  It  rises  in  elevation  towards  th» 
centre,  where  a  range  of  chalk  hills  traverses  it  from  E.  to 
W.;  the  highest  point  (St.  Catherine's  Hill)  is  830  feet 
above  the  sea;  and  the  S.  (especially  the  S.E.)  coast,  popu- 
larly termed  the  "  back  of  the  island,"  is  characterized  hj 


ISL 


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ISN 


prMipitoui  cHffs,  itkvinei),  or  "  clilncs,"  and  scenery  of  a 
most  rouiKntio  kind.  On  this  tide  aro  the  Culver  Cliff, 
Dunnuse  Point,  Shunklin,  Luooombo,  and  Blackgang  Cbines, 
Ao.  Off  its  W.  extremity  are  the  Needle  Rooks.  The  Me- 
dina River  partly  separates  it  into  two  nearly  equal  por- 
tions. A  surplus  of  ftjtriculturftl  produce  over  home  con- 
sumption is  rainwl;  this,  and  malt,  wool,  salt,  and  sand  for 
the  manufacture  of  glass,  form  the  chief  exports.  In  the 
W.  are  some  wide  downs,  and  flne-fleeced  sheep  are  reared 
on  the  uplands.  Principal  towns,  Newport  (toe  capital), 
Yarmouth,  Cowes,  Ryde,  and  Vontnor;  the  three  last  are 
rreatly  frequented  in  summer  as  bathing-places ;  and  near 
Cowes  is  OsDorne  House,  a  favorite  residence  of  the  present 
■ovoreign.  The  island  has  continual  communication  by 
■teamboats  with  Portsmouth  and  Southampton.  Since  the 
Reform  Act  it  has,  exclusive  of  the  borough  of  Newport, 
sent  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.     Pop.  60,219. 

Isle  of  Wight,  a  southeastern,  county  of  Virginia,  is 
adjacent  to  the  mouth  of  James  River.  Area,  about  300 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  James  River, 
and  on  the  W.  by  Blackwnter  River.  Nearly  half  of  the 
furfaoe  is  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  The 
soil  is  mostly  sandy,  and  not  very  fertile.  Indian  corn  and 
pork  are  the  staples.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Nor- 
folk &  Petersburg  division  of  the  Norfolk  <t  Western  Kail- 
road.  Capital,  Isle  of  Wight  Court- House.  Pop.  in  1870, 
8320;  in  1880,  10,572;  in  1890,  11,313. 

Isle  of  Wight  Conrt-House,  a  post-hamlet,  capi- 
tal of  Isle  of  Wight  co.,  Va.,  about  28  miles  W.  of  Norfolk. 

Isle  Perrot,  eel  pfiR^nO',  nn  island  in  the  river  St. 
Lawrence,  S.W.  of  the  island  of  Montreal,  between  the  Lake 
of  Two  Mountains  and  Lake  St.  Louis.  It  is  about  7  miles 
long.     Pop.  935. 

Isle  Perrot,  a  post-village  in  Vaudreuil  oo.,  Quebec, 
on  the  above  island,  7  miles  S.  of  Ste.  Anne  Bout  de  I'lsle. 

Isle  Koyale,  il  roy'al  (Fr.  pron.  eel  ro*yil'),  a  county 
in  the  N.  part  of  Michigan,  is  a  group  of  islands  in  Lake 
Superior.  The  largest  of  the.''e  islands  is  called  Isle  Royale, 
and  is  about  40  miles  long.  Copper  is  found  here.  Capital, 
Mlnong.     Pop.  in  1880,  56;  in  1890,  135. 

Isle  Royale,' a  township  of  Isle  Royale  oo.,  Mich. 

Isle  Saint  Bernard,  eel  s&n<>  bdR^naR*,  or  Nnn^s 
Island,  a  small  island  of  Quebec,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
river  Chateauguay,  in  the  St.  Lawrence. 

Isle  Sainte  Th^r^se,  eel  s&^t  t&'rilss',  an  island  in 
the  St.  Lawrence,  at  the  foot  of  the  island  of  Montreal. 

Isle  Saint  George,  a  post-office  of  Ottawa  co.,  0.,  on 
the  island  of  St.  George,  one  of  the  Wine  Islands,  in  Lake 
George. 

Isle  Saint  Joseph,  an  island  in  the  river  St.  Fran- 
cis, near  its  mouth  in  Lake  St.  Peter. 

Isle  Saint  Joseph,  an  island  in  the  St.  Lawrence, 
opposite  Boucherville,  Quebec. 

Isle  Saint  Paul,  an  island  in  the  St.  Lawrence,  a 
little  above  the  Victoria  Bridge,  Montreal. 

Isles  (i.  la  Rasade,  eelz  il  1&  r&^z&d',  small  islands  in 
the  St.  Lawrence,  off  the  N.E.  angle  of  the  seigniory  of 
Trois  Pistoles. 

Isles  aux  Basques,  eelz  9  b&sk,  small  islands  in 
the  St.  Lawrence,  off  the  mouth  of  the  river  Trois  Pistoles. 

Isles  aux  Morts,  eelz  o  mon,  or  Dead  Islands,  a 
succession  of  islands  S.W.  of  Newfoundland,  22  miles  W.  of 
Burgeo.  They  are  settled  by  fishermen.  Pop.  155.  Many 
wrecks  have  occurred  here. 

Islesborough,  ilz'bar-r&h,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hocking 
CO.,  0.,  about  32  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Chillicothe.     Pop.  62. 

Isles  Communes,  eel  kom^miln',  a  group  of  islands 
in  the  St.  Lawrence,  opposite  Boucherville,  Quebec,  consist- 
ing of  Isles  St.  Joseph,  Charreau,  Commune,  and  two  others. 

Isles  de  la  Societe.    See  Socibtv  Islands. 

Isles  de  Los,  ilz  d?  los,  a  group  of  islands  off  the  W. 
coast  of  Africa,  belonging  to  England,  75  miles  N.W.  of 
Sierra  Leone,  of  volcanic  origin,  and  consisting  of  Factory 
Island,  Tamara,  and  Ruma. 

Isles  du  Golfe,  eel  dii  golf  (i.e.,  "islands  of  the 
gull"'),  two  inhabited  islands  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean. 
Lat.  10°  15'  S.;  Ion.  161°  46'  E. 

Isles  of  Danger.    See  Danger  Isles. 

Isles  of  Hyeres.    See  HrfcnRs  Islands. 

Isles  of  Shoals,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Portsmouth,  N.H., 
consist  of  8  small  islands,  inhabited  chiefly  by  fishermen. 
On  White  Island,  the  westernmost,  is  a  revolving  light,  87 
feet  alwve  the  level  of  the  sea,  in  lat.  42°  58'  N.  and  Ion. 
70°  37'  20"  W.  They  are  partly  in  Maine  and  partly  in 
New  Hampshire,  and  are  much  resorted  to  by  summer 
.visitors. 

Isles  Philippines.    P«e  Pbimppine  Islands. 


Islet  J6r6mie,  eoM&'  zhAVi'mee',  an  island  in  the  St. 
Lawrence,  80  miles  from  Riviftro  du  Loup  en  bai. 

Isleton,  irt(jn,  a  post-office  of  Sacramento  co.,  Cal. 

Isle  Valen,  eel  vVI6n"',  an  island  on  the  W.  const  of 
Placentia  Bay,  Newfoundland,  6  miles  from  Merashecn. 
It  is  settled  by  fishermen.     Pop.  212. 

Isle  Vaudreuil,  eel  voMnl',  an  Island  at  the  outlet 
of  the  Lake  of  Two  Mountains,  Ottawa  River,  Canad.a. 

Isle  Verte,  eel  vfiiit  ("green  island"),  the  chief  tow» 
of  the  CO.  of  Temiscouata,  Quebec,  on  the  S.  shore  of  th« 
St.  Lawrence,  16  miles  by  rail  below  Ri  vifirc  du  Loup  en  bai. 
It  contains,  besides  the  county  buildings,  a  large  iron- 
foundry,  a  carding-,  fulling-,  pressing-,  and  dyeing-mill,  a 
flouring-mill,  5  stores,  and  a  light-house  in  Int.  48°  3'  17" 
N.  and  Ion.  69°  25' 10"  W.  Pop.  1134,  The  town  is  shel- 
tered  by  an  island  of  the  same  name,  6  miles  long. 

Isleworth,  irw9rth,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Mid- 
dlesex, on  the  'Thames,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Brentford. 

Is'lington,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Middlesex, 
borough  of  Finsbury,  and  one  of  the  northern  suburbs  of  tlie 
metropolis.  It  is  the  seat  of  numerous  schools  and  charity 
foundations,  and  contains  also  Highbury  College  for  Inde- 
pendent ministers.     Pop.  213,778. 

Is'lington,  a  post-village  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Dedham  township,  on  the  New  York  <t  New  England  Rail- 
road, 11  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Boston,  and  2  miles  from  Ded- 
ham Court-House.  It  has  a  church  and  several  suburban 
residences. 

Is'lington,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  3  miles 
from  Mimico.     It  contains  2  stores  and  2  hotels.    Pop.  200. 

Is'lip,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Suffolk  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Islip  township,  on  Great  South  Bay,  and  on  the 
South  Side  Railroad,  44  miles  E.  of  Brooklyn,  and  1  i  miles 
E.  of  Bay  Shore.  It  has  4  churches,  a  union  school,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  fruit-canning  factory,  and  a  manufactory 
of  paper  boards.  The  township  contains  larger  villa^res, 
named  Bay  Shore  and  Sayville.  Islip  is  opposite  Fire 
Island  light-house.     Pop.  of  the  township,  8783. 

Ismaelbad,  is-mil-bld',  a  town  of  Northwest  India, 
20  miles  S.  of  Umballah. 

Ismail,  is-mi-Qcl',  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Bessarabia,  in 
the  tract  retrooeded  in  1878  by  Roumania,  on  the  Kilia,  or 
N.  arm  of  the  Danube,  42  miles  E.  of  Galatz,  and  120  miles 
S.W.  of  Odessa.  It  is  strongly  fortified,  and,  being  near  the 
frontier,  forms  an  important  military  station.  It  contains 
a  palace,  a  Greek  and  an  Armenian  church,  and  a  cloister. 
Its  harbor  is  good,  but  its  commerce  is  not  extensive.  It 
was  long  in  possession  of  the  Turks.  The  Russians,  under 
Suwarrow,  took  it  by  assault  in  1790,  gave  it  up  to  pillage, 
and  made  it  a  heap  of  ashes.  In  1856  it  was  restored  to 
Turkey.     Pop.  30,262. 

Ismailia,  is-mi-ee'l?-i,  a  town  of  Egypt,  on  Lake 
Timsah,  and  on  the  Suez  and  Sweetwater  Canals,  equidis- 
tant from  the  Red  and  Mediterranean  Seas.  It  is  con- 
nected by  railway  with  Suez  and  Cairo,  and  has  fine  gar- 
dens, straight,  wide,  and  well-metalled  streets,  and  a  good 
trade.  It  is  the  headquarters  of  the  Suez  Canal,  and  a  re- 
sort for  salt-water  bathing.  Near  it  are  stone-quarries.  It 
is  neatly  built,  and  well  shaded  with  trees.     Pop.  3062. 

Ismailia,  a  name  sometimes  given  to  Gondokoro  and 
the  district  near  it. 

Ismail  Khan,  a  district  of  India.  See  Dera  Ismaeel 
Khan. 

IsmailOTO,  is-ml-lo'vo,  a  village  of  Russia,  adjoining 
Moscow,  with  an  imperial  palace. 

Ismaleeyah,  or  Ismaliyah,is-m&-1ee'y^,  a  town  of 
Persia,  in  Khoozistan,  on  the  Karoon,  28  miles  S.W.  of 
Ahwaz. 

Ismeed,  Ismid,  or  Izmid,  iz^meed',  written  also 
Iznikmid  (anc.  Nicome'dia),  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  cap- 
ital of  a  sanjak,  at  the  head  of  the  Gulf  of  Ismeed,  56 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Constantinople  by  railway  from  Scutari. 
Lat.  40°  47'  40"  N. ;  Ion.  29°  53'  30"  E.  It  is  finely  situ- 
ated, is  the  residence  of  a  pasha  and  of  Greek  and  Arme- 
nian archbishops,  and  has  a  considerable  trade  and  an  excel- 
lent port.  It  was  anciently  the  seat  of  the  King  of  Bithynia. 
It  has  few  remaining  ancient  buildings.     Pop.  8000. 

Ismeed,  Gulf  of.    See  Gulf  op  Ismeed. 

Ismil,  is-mcel',  a  large  village  of  Asia  Minor,  32  milei 
E.S.E.  of  Konieh. 

Ismir,  Turkey.     See  Smtrna. 

Isnalioz,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Iznalloz. 

Isn^,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Esneh. 

Isnello,  is-ngl'lo,  a  town  of  Sicily,  6  miles  S.W.  of 
Cefaia.     Pop.  2743. 

Is'ney,  a  post-hamlet  of  Choctaw  co.,  Ala.,  about  90 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Mobile.     It  contains  2  churches 


ISN 


U79 


ISS 


Isnik,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Izneek. 

Isnik,  a  lake  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Lake  op  Izkeek. 

Isny,  or  Issny,  iss'nee,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on  the 
Danube,  48  miles  S.  of  Ulm.  Pop.  2780.  It  is  enclosed 
by  walls,  was  formerly  a  free  town  of  the  empire,  and  has 
active  manufactures. 

Isogloo,  or  IsogloU)  is^o-gloo',  a  town  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  80  miles  N.W.  of  Diarbckir,  on  the  Euphrates. 

Isola^  ee'so-13,,  an  Italian  word  signifying  "island," 
forming  the  name  or  a  portion  of  the  name  of  many  places 
in  Italy,  Illyria,  Ac. 

Isola,  ee'so-lS.,  a  town  of  Austria,  9  miles  S.W.  of 
Tricst,  on  the  S.E.  shore  of  the  Gulf  of  Triest.    Pop.  3430. 

Isola,  eo'so-li,  or  Isola  del  Liri,  ec'so-l&  dfil  lee'ree, 
a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Sora, 
on  an  island  formed  by  the  river  Liri.  Pop.  4827.  It  has 
paper-mills,  factories,  iron-works,  <fcc. 

Isola,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Calabria,  8  miles  S.of  Cotrone, 
near  the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  1408. 

Isola,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  13  miles  S.  of 
Teramo.     Pop.  3336. 

Isola,  a  village  of  Italy,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Alessandria. 
Pop.  2240. 

IsoMa,  a  post-hamlet  of  Martin  co.,  Tnd.,  on  Lost  River, 
about  65  miles  N.E.  of  Evansville.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
flour-mill. 

Isola  Bella,  North  Italy.    See  BoRnoMEAN  Islands. 

Isola  della  Scala,  ee'so-l&  ddl'li  ski'li,  a  town  of 
Italy,  11  miles  S.  of  Verona,  on  the  Tartaro,     Pop.  4965. 

Isola  di  Giglio,  Italy.    See  Giglio. 

Isola  Dovarese,  ee'so-li  do-vS,-ri'si,  a  village  of 
Italy,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Canneto,  on  the  Oglio.     Pop.  2099. 

Isola  Grossa,  ee'so-1^  gros'sS,,  or  Isola  Lunga, 
loon'gi  {i.e.,  "great  or  long  island")  (anc.  Scardo'na),  an 
island  of  Austria,  in  the  Adriatic,  off  the  coast  of  Dalmatia, 
10  miles  S.AV.  of  Zara.  Length,  from  S.E.  to  N.W.,  27 
miles;  extreme  breadth,  about  3  miles.     Pop.  12,400. 

Isola  Madre,  Isola  San  Giovanni,  and  Isola 
Snperiore.    See  BonnoMEAN  Islands. 

Isole  Pelagie,  ee'so-li  pi-lS,'j4,  an  island  group  of  the 
Mediterranean,  between  Malta  and  Tunis,  comprising  the 
islets  Lampedusa,  Lampion,  Linosa,  Rabbit  Island,  etc. 

I'som's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Maury  co.,  Tenn. 

Isonzo,  e-son'zo, or  Ijisonzo,le-son'zo  (anc.  )S'o)i<!«»), 
a  river  of  Austria,  rises  in  Mount  Tcrglou,  at  the  junction 
of  the  Julian  and  Carnie  Alps,  flows  tenuously  southward, 
and  enters  the  Gulf  of  Tricst. 

Isorella,  ee-so-r51'li,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  8 
miles  S.E.  of  Lcno.     Pop.  1290. 

Ispahan,  is-pa-h^n',  written  also  Isfahan,  or  Spa> 
hawn,  spi-hawn'  (commonly  pronounced  spi-hoon'  by 
the  inhabitants)  (anc.  Aspndana),  a  famous  city,  formerly 
the  metropolis  of  Persia,  in  Irak-Ajemee,  on  the  Zenda- 
rood,  210  miles  S.  of  Teheran,  lat.  32°  39'  34"  N.,  Ion.  51° 
44'  45"  E.,  in  the  midst  of  an  extensive  plain  watered  by 
a  broad  river.  It  is  surrounded  by  groves  and  orchards, 
and  was  formerly  enclosed  by  a  mud  wall  24  miles  in  cir- 
cuit, which  was  entirely  destroyed  by  the  Afghans.  The 
streets  are  for  the  most  part  narrow,  dirty,  and  extremely 
doll.  There  are  extensive  remains  of  magnificent  palaces, 
large  private  houses,  spacious  caravansaries,  and  handsome 
bazaars,  most  of  which,  however,  are  in  a  state  of  melan- 
choly delay.  Three  handsome  bridges  communicate  with 
the  suburbs  of  Joolfa  and  Abbasabad.  On  either  side  of 
the  river  is  a  spacious  park,  called  the  Chahar-Barjh,  or 
"  Four  Gardens,"  a  superb  avenue,  3000  paces  long  and  70 
paces  in  breadth,  planted  with  double  rows  of  the  lofty  chi- 
nars  and  flanked  by  several  picturesque  gardens  and  private 
palaces.  The  chief  square  of  Ispahan  is  the  Maidan  Shah, 
which  was  formerly  surrounded  by  busy  shops  and  regarded 
as  one  of  its  greatest  ornaments :  it  is  about  2600  feet  long 
and  700  feet  broad.  Of  the  seven  palaces  in  Ispahan,  that 
of  the  Chehel-Sitoon,  or  "  Forty  Pillars,"  built  by  Abbas 
the  Great,  is  the  finest.  It  stands  in  a  very  large  square, 
which  is  intersected  by  various  canals  and  copiously  planted 
with  chinar-trees.  In  the  time  of  Chardin,  Ispahan  com- 
prised 162  mosques  and  48  colleges,  most  of  which  are  still 
standing,  though  more  or  less  in  decay.  Of  these  by  far 
the  largest  and  most  magnificent  is  the  Mesjid  Shah,  situ- 
ated in  the  Maidan  Shah.  The  entrance  to  it  is  by  a  lofty 
portico  flanked  on  each  side  by  a  tall  minaret  crowned  by 
an  open  gallery  at  the  top ;  the  body  of  the  edifice  is  sur- 
mounted by  a  vast  dome,  accounted  one  of  the  best  speci- 
mens of  Persian  architecture,  the  whole  building  being 
constructed  of  massive  blocks  of  stone  covered  with  tiles 
richly  lacquered.  On  the  Chahar-Bagh  is  the  mosque  of 
Bultan  Hussein,  now  converted  into  a  medressa,  or  college. 


The  most  remarkable  college  is  that  of  the  Medresaa  Jeddah. 
It  is  entered  by  a  lofty  .portico,  enriched  with  pillars  fan- 
tastically twisted,  leading  through  a  pair  of  immense 
folding-gates  of  solid  brass  richly  ornamented  with  pure 
silver.  The  bazaars  alone  still  show  some  signs  of  activ- 
ity. The  suburbs  of  Joolfa,  already  referred  to,  situated 
S.  of  the  Zendarood,  were  originally  founded  for  some  Ar- 
menians whom  Shah  Abbas  transplanted  hither  from  Joolfa- 
on-the-Araxes  and  endowed  with  numerous  privileges.  It 
is  at  present  the  principal  seat  of  the  manufacturing  indus- 
try, but  is  much  decayed.  The  artisans  of  Ispahan  are 
esteemed  the  best  in  Persia;  and  its  manufactures  comprise 
all  kinds  of  woven  fabrics,  gold  and  silver  wares,  paper  arti- 
cles, fire-arms,  sword-blades,  glass,  earthenware,  and  articles 
of  luxury,  which  are  sent  by  caravans  to  Bagdad,  Herat, 
India,  and  most  parts  of  West  Asia.  Under  the  caliphs  of 
Bagdad,  Ispahan  became  the  capital  of  the  province  of 
Irak.  It  soon  became  a  place  of  great  population,  wealth, 
and  trade.  In  1387  it  was  taken  by  Timoor  Bee,  and  the 
citizens  were  given  up  to  indiscriminate  massacre  ;  70,000 
are  said  to  have  perished.  Shah  Abbas  made  it  the  seat  of 
his  empire,  and  spared  no  cost  in  embellishing  it  with  the 
most  splendid  edifices.  In  1722  it  was  taken  by  the  Af- 
ghans; but  in  1729  it  was  retaken  by  Nadir  Shah,  since 
which  it  has  not  been  a  royal  residence.  Pop.  formerly 
estimated  at  1,100,000.  Chardin,  in  1686,  stated  it  at 
600,000.  Morier  stated  it  in  1808,  from  Persian  authori- 
ties, at  400,000,  but  in  his  second  journey  at  60,000. 
Present  pop.  about  80,000.  It  is  the  see  of  a  Catholic  Arme- 
nian bishop. Adj.  and  inhab.  Ispahaxee,  is-pi-hi'nee. 

Ispinglee,  is-ping-lee',  a  town  of  Beloochistan,  in  the 
Bolan  Pass,  65  miles  N.  of  Kelat.     Pop.  2000. 

Ispinum,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Yepes. 

Ispunglee,  or  Ispangli,  is-pung-lee',  a  village  of 
Beloochistan,  in  the  Bolan  Pass,  4  miles  W.  of  Shawl. 

Is'rael,  a  township  of  Preble  co.,  0.,  on  the  Indiana 
line.     Pop.  1751. 

Israel's  River,  of  Coos  co.,  N.H.,  rises  near  the  foot 
of  Mount  AVashington,  and  falls  into  the  Connecticut  River. 

Issa,  an  island  of  the  Adriatic.     See  LissA. 

Issa,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  IsA. 

Issachar,  is'sa-kar,  a  tribe  of  Israelites  settled  upon  a 
fertile  tract  of  country  on  the  Jordan,  between  Zcbulun 
and  Ephraim. 

Is^aque'na,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Mississippi, 
has  an  area  of  about  370  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
W.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Yazoo 
River,  and  is  intersected  by  Sunflower  River  and  Issaquena 
Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests,  and  is  partly  subject  to  inundation.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Cotton  and  maize  are  the  staple  products.  Capital, 
Mayerville.  Pop.  in  1870,  6887;  in  1880,  10,004;  in  1890, 
12,318. 

Issaquena  (or  Deer)  Creek,  Mississippi,  runs  south- 
ward through  Washington,  Issaquena,  and  Sharkey  cos., 
divides  into  the  Little  t)eer  Creek  and  the  Rolling  Fork, 
and  enfers  the  Yazoo  and  Mississippi  Rivers  about  15  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Vicksburg.  It  is  navigable  for  about  six  months 
of  the  year  for  small  craft.     Length,  nearly  1 50  miles. 

Is'say,  an  island  of  Scotland,  in  Loch  Follart,  on  the 
W.  coast  of  Skye,  12  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Snizort. 

Isselhorst,  is's^l-honst^  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
government  of  Minden.     Pop.  1180. 

Is'seque'na,  a  post-office  of  Goochland  co.,  Va. 

Issigeac,  ee'see^zhik',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Dordogne,  11  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bergerac.     Pop.  1043. 

Issingeaux,  a  town  of  France.     See  Yssingeaux. 

Issny,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg.    See  Isny. 

Issoire,  ees'swaR'  (anc.  lasiodtf'rum  ?),  a  town  of  France, 
in  Puy-de-D5me,  on  the  Couze,  30  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of 
Clermont-Ferrand.     Pop.  6089. 

Issoudun,  ees'sooMuso',  a  town  of  France,  in  Indre, 
capital  of  an  arrondissement,  on  the  Th6ols,  here  crossed 
by  3  bridges,  17  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Cha,teauroux.  Pop. 
11,293.  It  is  well  built  and  clean;  it  has  a  communal  col- 
lege, a  town  hall,  4  churches,  2  hospitals,  manufactures  of 
woollen  and  linen  cloths,  bleaching-grounds,  paper-mills, 
tanneries,  and  a  brisk  trade  in  wool,  wine,  corn,  and  cattle. 

Issum,  is'soom,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  22  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Cleves.     Pop.  of  commune,  3184. 

Issus,  is'sils,  a  river  and  town  of  antiquity,  in  Cilicia, 
the  former  supposed  to  be  identical  with  the  river  of  Baias, 

Issy,  ees^see',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine,  near  the 
river  Seine,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Paris.  Pop.  7356.  [t  com- 
prises many  handsome  villas,  and  the  seminary  of  Saint- 
Sulpice,  once  the  mansion  of  Margaret  of  Valois.  li  hai 
several  chemical  works.  -~'i  if^u^*^ 


188  1489 


ITA 


Issyk-Kool  (or  -Kul),i('M<ik-kool,al(o  oalled  Issi- 
kal*  a  lake  of  Asiatio  KuMia,  government  of  Seiniret- 
eheask.  Lat.  42°  30'  N.j  Ion.  77°  30'  E.  Areii,  2466 
■quara  miles.  Elevation,  5300  feet.  It  rcooives  many 
■traams,  and  at  high  water  its  (urplus  flows  into  the  river 
Chooi.     It  is  somewhat  salt. 

lasy  I'Evdque*  eos'see'  l&^vdk',  a  village  of  France, 
in  SaOne-et- Loire,  on  the  Somme,  22  miles  SAY.  of  Autun. 
Pop.  1773. 

latabl  Antar,  Arabia.    See  Astabel  Sherm  Antar. 

iRtabolat,  is-t^-bo-lit',  the  modern  name  of  a  ruined 
'lity  of  Asiatio  Turkey,  57  miles  N.W.  of  Bagdad,  on  the 
.V.  bank  of  the  Tigris. 

IstaccihuatI,  Mexico.    See  IzTACCianATL. 

iMtadiaiii,  the  Latin  name  of  Ystad. 

Istakhar,  is-t^-Kar',  a  village  of  Persia,  in  Fars,  on  a 
part  of  the  site  of  Per»epolis. 

Istaliff  is-t^-leef,  a  town  of  Afghanistan,  22  miles 
N.W.  of  Cabool,  destroyed  by  the  British  in  1842.  Its  peo- 
ple are  employed  in  agriculture,  cotton-spinning,  weaving, 
and  dyeing.  It  is  a  beautiful  town,  and  with  its  suburbs 
has  18,000  inhabiUnU. 

iNtamboiil,  or  Istambool.    See  Coxstantinople. 

Istaiiipalia,  Orecian  Archipelago.    SeeSrAMPALiA. 

Istan,  ees-t&n',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  province 
and  32  miles  W.S.W.  of  Malaga.     Pop.  1517. 

Istaiios,  is'til-nos^,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  20  miles  W. 
of  Angora,  with  abouc  SOO  houses. 

Istapa,  ec8-t&'p&,  a  small  town  of  Mexico,  near  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  85  miles  E.S.E.  of  Zacatula. 

Ister^  an  ancient  name  of  the  Danube. 

Isthmus,  Ist'mus,  a  post-office  of  Coos  co.,  Oregon. 

Isthmus  of  Chiquimula,  che-kee-moo'I&,  in  Guate- 
mala, comprehends  about  70  miles  of  oojist  on  the  Caribbean 
Sea,  between  the  mouth  of  the  Rio  Motagua  and  the  inner- 
most corner  of  the  Bay  of  Honduras. 

Isthmus  of  Cor'inth,  a  neck  of  land  in  Orceco, 
uniting  the  Morea  with  Attica,  between  theGulfs  of  Corinth 
and  iEgina.  Length,  about  20  miles;  the  broiidth  varies 
from  4  to  8  miles.  Its  scenery  is  very  interesting,  and  on 
it  are  various  remains  of  antiquity,  including  the  Isthmian 
wall  and  traces  of  the  famous  temple  of  Keptune.     See 

CORI.VTH. 

Isthmus  of  Kraw,  kraw,  or  Lower  Siam,  Siamese 
dominion,  connects  the  Malay  Peninsula  with  the  rest  of 
Indo-China,  extending  between  lat.  9°  and  12°  N.,  with  a 
breadth  of  about  70  miles.  Near  its  centre  is  the  town  of 
Kraw  or  Krah. 

Isthmus  of  Panama,  p&a^a-m&',  called  formerly  the 
Isthmus  of  Darien,  di're-§n  or  dd-re-fin',  the  con- 
necting link  between  North  and  South  America,  separating 
the  Atlantic  from  the  Pacific  Ocean,  extends  from  lat.  7° 
20'  to  9°  40'  N.,  Ion.  77°  to  81°  W.,  and  forms  a  state  of  the 
United  States  of  Colombia.  It  has  the  shape  of  an  arc, 
curving  round  from  E.  to  W.  for  about  300  miles,  with  a 
breadth  varying  from  30  to  70  miles,  and  presenting  its 
convex  side  to  the  Caribbean  Sea,  while  its  conoavil^  is  oc- 
cupied by  the  large  Bay  of  Panama,  setting  up  from  the 
Pacific.  This  bay  at  its  mouth  is  135  miles  across,  and  pen- 
etrates inland  about  120  miles.  Its  shores  are  fur  the  most 
part  low,  swampy,  and  unhealthy.  It  contains  numerous 
islands,  particularly  on  its  E.  side,  where  the  group  called 
Pearl  Islands  covers  ia.bout  400  square  miles.  It  is  indented 
by  several  harbors,  of  which  Panama  in  the  N.  and  San 
Miguel  in  the  E.  are  best  known.  The  bay  is  usually  tran- 
quil, and  not  disturbed  by  much  wind  or  sea,  but  destruc- 
tive tempests  occasionally  occur,  and  during  the  rainy  season 
W.  winds  send  in  a  heavy  swell.  The  tide  rises  from  2  to 
4  fathoms.  On  theN.  or  convex  coast  the  most  remarkable 
indentations  are  the  Gulf'  of  Darien,  near  its  E.  extremity. 
Port  Escoces,  and,  in  its  immediate  vicinity,  Caledonia 
Bay,  and  Navy  Bay,  on  which  Aspinwall  is  built.     In  ap- 

Eroaching  the  N.  coast  from  the  Atlantic  a  range  of  lofty 
eights  is  seen  stretching  apparently  in  an  unbroken  chain 
at  a  short  distance  from  the  shore ;  but  a  large  part  of  the 
isthmus  consists  of  low  hills,  valleys,  and  flat  or  undulating 
plains  watered  by  considerable  streams,  generally  well  cov- 
ered with  timber,  and  capable  of  yielding  valuable  tropical 
productions  in  abundance.  The  minerals  are  also  important, 
and  include,  in  addition  to  gold,  which  was  long  worked  to 
advantage,  rich  veins  of  iron  and  copper.  The  most  un- 
favorable feature  is  its  climate.  A  great  quantity  of  rain 
falls  throughout  the  year,  and  in  the  months  of  July,  Au- 
gust, and  September  it  rains  almost  incessantly.  A  railway 
across  the  isthmus  was  completed  February  17,  1855,  ex- 
tending from  Aspinwall,  on  Navy  Bay,  to  Panama,  and  in 
I8S1  was  commenced  the  construction,  by  a  French  com- 


pany under  M.  de  Lesseps,  of  an  intcrocoanic  ship-canal  to 
follow  the  general  course  of  the  railway.  Port  Ktcoces  it 
an  excellent  harbor,  and  Caledonia  Bay  an  ample  uud  com- 
modious roadstead.  The  Atlantic  coast  of  the  isthmus  was 
discovered  by  Christopher  Columbus  in  1502,  but  the  com- 
paratively short  distance  across  it  was  not  ascertained  till 
1513,  when  Vasoo  Nufies  do  Balboa,  governor  of  Darien,  at 
the  head  of  a  party  of  which  Francisco  Pizarro  was  one,  snt 
out  on  an  exploring  expedition  and  from  the  top  of  a  bill 
obtained  the  first  view  of  the  Pacific.  , 

Isthmus  of  Fcreliop,  p.\-r4-kop',  an  isthmus  of  Rus- 
sia, about  20  miles  long,  by  not  more  than  4  miles  wide 
where  narrowest.  It  connects  the  peninsula  of  the  Crimea 
with  the  mainland,  and  separates  the  Sea  of  Azof  from  the 
Black  Sea,  having  the  Gulf  of  Sivach,  in  the  former,  on  the 
E.,  and  the  Gulf  of  Porokop,  in  the  latter,  on  the  W. 

Isthmus  of  Suez,  soo'Az  (Arab.  prun.  soo-dz'  or  soo- 
ais'),  the  neck  of  land  connecting  Asia  and  Africa,  having 
S.  the  Gulf  of  Suez,  and  N.  the  Mediterranean.  Breadth, 
72  miles.  The  surface  consists  mostly  of  moving  sands, 
interspersed  with  some  rocky  elevations,  salt  marshes,  and 
ancient  lakes.  Across  this  isthmus  was  cut,  in  1859-69,  thn 
Suez  Canal,  100  miles  long,  through  which  large  shii)S  can 
pass  from  the  Mediterranean,  at  Port  Said,  to  the  Hod  Sea, 
at  Suez  (which  see).    See  Red  Sea. 

Isthmus  of  Tehuantepec,ti-win-ti-pfik',  in  Mcx- 
ico,  is  the  narrowest  part  of  the  land  separating  the  (}uU 
of  Mexico  from  the  Pacific;  distance  across,  about  130  miles. 
It  is  traversed  almost  throughout  by  the  river  Coatziicoalcos. 
It  has  been  proposed  tounite  the  Atlantic  and  PacificOconns 
at  this  point  by  a  canal,  of  which  the  river  and  some  lakes 
would  form  a  part.  Another  project  is  the  construction  of 
a  railway  to  connect  Minatitlan,  on  the  Coatzacoalcos,  12 
miles  from  its  entrance  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  with  La 
Ventosa,  on  the  Gulf  of  Tchuantepec. 

Istip,  is'tip*,  or  Istib,  is'tib'  (anc.  Stobi  f),  a  town  of 
European  Turkey,  in  lloumelia,  60  miles  S.W.  of  Ghius- 
tendil,  on  the  Bagranitza.  Pop.  8000.  It  has  the  remains 
of  an  old  castle,  and  some  steel-works. 

Istonium,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Vasto. 

Istres,  eest'r,  a  town  of  France,  in  Bonches-du-Rhune, 
near  the  W.  side  of  the  Etang  de  Borre,  25  miles  N.W.  of 
Marseilles.  Pop.  3022.  It  is  enclosed  by  ruined  ramparts, 
and  has  narrow,  crooked  streets,  and  an  old  castle. 

Istria,  is'trc-a  or  is'tre-i  (Ger.  htrien,  is'tre-?n ;  Fr. 
htrie,  eesHree'),  a  peninsula  in  the  N.  of  the  Adriatic  Sea, 
forming  a  district  of  the  Austrian  Kiistenland,  and  in- 
cluding some  islands  in  the  Adriatic,  between  lat.  40°  35' 
and  45°  50'  N.  and  Ion.  13°  23'  and  14°  40'  E.  Area,  1903 
square  miles.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  especially  in  the 
N.,  being  traversed  by  offsets  of  the  Julian  Alps.  The 
highest  point  is  Mount  Maggiore,  on  the  E.  coast.  Prin- 
cipal rivers,  the  Dragogna,  Arsa,  Quieto,  and  Risano.  The 
inhabitants  of  the  towns  are  mostly  Italian ;  those  of  the 
rural  districts  are  of  Slavonic  origin  and  dialect ;  nearly  all 
are  Roman  Catholics.  The  population  of  the  coasts  is  em- 
ployed in  navigation,  fishing,  and  the  preparation  of  salt, 
and  that  of  the  interior  in  the  rearing  of  sheep  and  the  cul- 
tivation of  the  olive  and  the  vine.     Chief  towns,  Rovigno, 

Pola,  and  Pisino,  the  capital.     Pop.  254,905. Adj.  and 

inhab.  Istriax,  is'tre-an. 

Istros,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Yali. 

Isturgateh,  is-tur-gil't^h  (?),  a  town  of  Afghanistan, 
30  miles  N.W.  of  Cabool. 

Istvandi,  istVin'deo*,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Sii- 
megh,  16  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Fiinf  kirchen.     Pop.  1000. 

Isuate,  ec-swd.'t4,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  12  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Malaga. 

Isvornilt,  a  town  of  European  Turkey.    See  Zvornik. 

Ita,  a  town  of  India.    See  Etah. 

Ita,  ee'ti  (anc.  Casaidaf),  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  11  miles  N.  of  Guadalajara.     Pop.  1100. 

Itabaianna,  ee-ti-bi-in'nd.,  or  Itabahianna,  e-t&- 
b4-o-S,n'ni,  atown  of  Brazil,  province  and  50  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Sergipe.     Pop.  2000.     See  Seura  Itabaian.va. 

Itabira,  ee-ti-bee'ri,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  of  Mi- 
nas-Geraes,  on  the  Velhas,  18  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ouro  Preto. 
Pop.  4000.  Ten  miles  W.  of  the  town  is  the  high  conical 
mountain  of  Itabira,  which  contains  auriferous  soil. 

Itabira-de-9Iata>Dentro,  ee-ti-boe'ri-di-mi'ti- 
dSn'tro,  a  gold-mining  town  of  Brazil,  60  miles  N.E.  of 
Ouro  Preto. 

Itaborahi,  eo-ti-bo-ri-ee',  a  town  of  Brazil,  province 
and  26  miles  N.E.  of  Rio  Janeiro. 

Itacolumi,  ee-ti-ko-loo-mee'  (the  "giant"),  a  moun- 
tain of  Brazil,  province  and  50  miles  N.N.W.  of  Maranhao. 
Lat.  2°  8'  38"  S.j  Ion.  44°  27'  W.     It  has  a  conical  and 


ITA 


1481 


tw. 


f^i^y  conspicuoaa  summit,  and  near  it  is  a  light-honse  which 
Is  a  principal  mark  in  malving  the  port  of  Maranhao. 

Itacolumi,  a  mountain  of  Brazil,  in  Minas-Qeraes, 
immediately  S.  of  Ouro  Preto.     Height,  5800  feet. 

Itacolumi,  a  peak  of  Brazil,  in  the  Serra  dos  Orgaos, 
province  of  llio  Janeiro. 

Itaguahi,  ee-ti-g\vA-ce',  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  and 
40  miles  \V.  of  llio  Janeiro.     Pop.  of  district,  4000. 

Itaipu,  ee-tl-poo',  a  maritime  village  of  Brazil,  state 
and  12  miles  E.S.B.  of  Rio  Janeiro.     Pop.  2000, 

Italian  (^-tal'yan)  Peak,  Colorado,  a  granitic  peak 
of  the  Elk  Mountains,  in  lat.  .38°  50'  35"  N.,  Ion.  106*  45' 
W.  It  has  an  altitude  of  13,350  feet  above  the  sea-level. 
It  is  named  from  the  colors  it  shows  at  a  distance,  red,  white, 
and  green,  the  Italian  national  colors, 

Italica,  the  ancient  name  of  Saktiponce, 

Italy,  it'a-le(anc.  Jta'lia  or  Anso'nia  ;  It.,  Sp.,  and  Port. 
Italia,  ee-tJ  le-S.;  Fr.  Italie,  ee*t4Mee' ;  Ger.  Italien,  e-ti'le- 
^n),  a  kingdom  in  the  S.  of  Europe,  consisting  of  a  peninsula, 
or  continental  portion,  and  numerous  islands,  of  which  Sicily 
and  Sardinia  are  the  most  important.  It  extends  from  the 
extremity  of  Sicily  to  the  Rhaetian  Alps,  between  30°  40' 
and  46°  37'  N.  lat,  and  between  6°  32'  and  18°  32'  E.  Ion. 
It  is  bounded  E.  by  Austria  and  the  Adriatic  and  Ionian 
Seas,  S.  by  the  Mediterranean,  W.  by  France  and  the  Medi- 
terranean, and  N.  by  Switzerland  and  Austria.  Its  natural 
confines  are  the  Alps  and  the  sea.  Previous  to  1859,  Italy 
was  divided  into  the  kingdoms  of  Sardinia  and  the  Two 
Sicilies  (Naples  and  Sicily),  the  Pontifical  States,  or  States 
of  the  Church,  the  Lombardo- Venetian  provinces  of  the 
Austrian  Empire,  the  Grand  Duchy  of  Tuscany,  and  the 
Duchies  of  Parma  and  Modena.  In  1859,  Victor  Emanuel, 
King  of  Sardinia,  obtained  Lombardy,  Parma,  Modena,  and 
part  of  the  Pontifical  States;  Tuscany  was  annexed  March 
22,  and  the  Marches,  Umbria,  and  the  Two  Sicilies,  Decem- 
ber 17,  1860:  and  in  1861  these  were  all  united  under  the 
title  of  Kingdom  of  Italy,  with  the  seat  of  government  at 
Florence.  By  the  treaty  of  Prague,  August  23,  1866,  Ve- 
netia  was  added,  and  finally  the  remainder  of  the  Papal 
States  was  annexed  by  royal  decree,  October  9,  1870,  and 
Rome  again  became  the  capital  of  Italy.  The  island  of 
Corsica  belongs  to  France,  and  the  Maltese  islands  to  Great 
Britain.  The  following  table  shows  the  divisions  and  area 
of  the  kingdom  of  Italy,  and  the  population  according  to 
the  latest  census  returns  : 


Provinces. 


Alessandria 

Ancona 

Aqnila  (Abnizzo  Ulteriore  II.) 

Arezzo 

Aacoli  Piceno 

Avellino  (Principalo  Ulterioro).... 

Bari  (Terra  di  Bari) 

Belluno 

Benevento « 

Bergamo « 

Bologna 

Brescia 

Cagliari 

Caltaiiisetta 

Camiiobiisso  (Molise) 

■  Cttgerta  (Terra  di  Lavoro) 

Catania 

Cataiizaro  (Calabria  Ulteriore  II.) 

Cliioti  (Abruzzo  Citeriore) , 

Come 

Colli  or  Cuiieo 

Cosenza  (Calabria  Citeriore) 

Cremona 

Ferrara 

Florence 

Foggia  (Capitanata) -.... 

Forli „ 

Genoa , „. 

Girgenti , 

GroBseto 

Lecce  (Terra  d'Otranto) 

Leghorn  (including  Elba) 

Lucca 

Macerata _ 

Mantua _ 

Madsa  e  Carrara ~ ,,... 

Messina 

Milan „ „ 

Modena 

Naples 

Novara „ 

Padua 

Palermo ; 

Panna „ 

Pavia , 

Perugia 

Pesaro  and  Urbino 

91 


Sq.  miles. 


Pop.  1881. 


1,952 

729,710 

740 

267,338 

2,5(J9 

353,027 

1,27G 

23^,744 

809 

209,186 

1,409 

3»2,619 

2,293 

679,499 

1,2«5 

174,140 

076 

238,425 

1,027 

390,775 

l,:i!)2 

457,474 

1,784 

471,568 

5,224 

420,635 

1,455 

206,379 

1,778 

365,4:14 

2,307 

714,131 

1,970 

563,457 

2,307 

433,975 

1,105 

343,948 

1,049 

616.050 

2,756 

635,400 

2,841 

451,185 

070 

302,138 

1,010 

230,807 

2,2G3 

790,776 

2,955 

366,267 

710 

251,110 

1,588 

760,122 

1,491 

312,487 

1,712 

114,295 

3,293 

653.298 

120 

121,612 

677 

284,484 

1,057 

239.713 

856 

295,728 

680 

169,469 

1,768 

460,924 

1,155 

1,114,991 

96G 

279,254 

429 

1,001, 245 

2,527 

675,926 

805 

397,762 

1,904 

699,151 

1,251 

267,306 

1,286 

469,831 

3,719 

572,060 

1,145 

223,043 

Pro\nnces. 


Piacenza 

Pisa 

Porto  Maurizio 

Potenza „ , , _..... 

Ravenna 

Eeggio  di  Calabria  (Calabria  Ult.  I.) 

Reggio  neir  Emilia 

Rome  (Latia) 

Rovigo 

Salerno  (Principato  Citeriore) 

Sassari 

Siena 

Soudrio 

Syracuse „ „ '. 

Teramo  (Abruzzo  Ulteriore  I.) 

Trapani 

Treviso 

Turin „ .«.^.. „ „.... 

Venice m „ 

Verona 

Vicenza 

Total 


Sq.  miles.      Pop.  1881. 


965 

226,717 

1,180 

283,563 

407 

132,251 

4,122 

524,»04 

742 

225,764 

1,515 

372,728 

884 

244,959 

4,553 

903,472 

652 

217,700 

2,116 

550,157 

4,139 

261,367 

1,465 

205,926 

1,259 

120,534 

1,428 

341,520 

1,284 

254,800 

1,214 

283,977 

939 

375,704 

3,965 

1,029,214 

2,483 

601,745 

850 

350,708 

1,102 

394,065 

1,041 

396,349 

114,296 

28,459,628 

The  abore  provinces  (each  governed  by  a  prefect)  are  dis- 
tributed into  16  comprrrtlmentl,  viz.,  Piedmont,  Liguria, 
Lombardy,  Venetia,  Emilia,  Umbria,  the  Marches,  Tuscany, 
Rome,  the  Abruzzi  and  Molise,  Campania,  Apulia,  Basili- 
cata,  Calabria,  Sicily,  and  Sardinia.  The  republic  of  San 
Marino  and  the  principality  of  Monaco  are  Italian,  though 
not  connected  with  the  kingdom  politically;  and  the  same 
may  be  said  of  parts  of  Austria,  Switzerland,  and  France. 

The  continental  portion  of  the  country  is  separated  from 
the  rest  of  Europe  by  the  chain  of  the  Alps,  and  its  waters 
belong  entirely  to  the  basin  of  the  Mediterranean  Sea.  Th« 
coast  of  Italy  has  a  development  of  about  3353  miles,  ono- 
third  of  which  is  insular.  The  shores  of  the  Adriatic  are 
little  indented,  and  on  the  N.  are  low  and  bordered  by 
marshes  ;  those  of  the  Ionian  Sea  are  flat  at  the  foot  of  the 
Gulf  of  Taranto  only.  The  W.  shores  of  Italy  are  generally 
more  elevated  than  the  E.,  except  in  the  Maremma,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Arno,  and  in  the  Pontine  marshes.  The 
chief  islands  are  Sicily,  Sardinia,  Elba,  and  the  Lipari 
Islands.  The  Italian  language  and  race  prevail  in  Corsica, 
now  a  part  of  Franco  ;  and  the  British  island  of  Malta,  with 
its  dependencies,  may  also  be  regarded  as  Italian.  The 
principal  gulfs  and  bays  are,  in  the  Adriatic,  those  of  Venice 
and  Manfre<lonia;  in  the  Ionian  Sea,  Taranto  and  Squil- 
lace;  the  Gulf  of  Genoa,  and  the  Bays  of  Santa  Eufemia, 
Policastro,  Salerno,  Naples,  and  Gaeta,  on  the  W.  coast ; 
the  chief  straits  are  those  of  Messina,  Otranto,  and  Boni- 
facio. The  most  prominent  capes  on  the  mainland  are 
Piombino,  Argentaro,  Circello,  Campanella,  Spartivento, 
Leuca,  and  Gargano.  The  country  is  generally  well  watered, 
but,  except  the  Po,  the  rivers  are  small  and  usually  mere 
torrents ;  the  chief  of  these  are,  in  the  basin  of  the  Adri- 
atic, the  Tagliamento,  Piave,  Brenta,  Po,  Aterno,  Sangro, 
and  Ofanto;  in  the  basin  of  the  Ionian  Sea,  the  Bradano; 
and  in  that  of  the  Mediterranean,  the  Arno,  Ombrone,  Tiber, 
Garigliano,  and  Volturno,  Italy  has  some  of  the  largest 
mountain-lakes  in  Europe;  the  chief  are  Maggiore,  Garda, 
and  Lugano,  portions  of  which  belong  to  the  territory,  with 
Como  and  Iseo,  which  are  entirely  Italian,  among  the  S. 
slopes  of  the  Alps ;  and  on  the  W,  side  of  the  Apennines 
the  lakes  of  Trasimeno,  Bolsena,  and  Braceiano,  mostly  of 
classic  interest.  On  the  low  parts  of  the  Adriatic  coast  arf 
several  extensive  shallow  lagoons,  formed  by  the  sea,  the 
largest  being  those  of  Venice  and  Comacchio. 

Italy  is  divided  naturally  into  a  N.  portion  beyond  the 
peninsula,  including  the  vast  basin  of  the  Po, — a  prolonga- 
tion of  the  depression  of  the  Adriatic, — the  surface  of  which 
rises  gradually  to  the  Alps ;  and  the  central  and  S.  portion, 
or  the  true  peninsnla,  which  in  general  is  mountainous  or 
hilly,  traversed  throughout  its  length  by  the  chain  of  the 
Apennines,  from  which  considerable  plains,  nearly  level, 
extend  along  its  shores. 

From  its  position,  form,  and  configuration,  the  country 
enjoys  a  varied  and  excellent  climate,  which  permits  the 
productions  of  the  temperate  and  some  of  those  of  the  tor- 
rid zone  to  mingle  on  its  almost  uniformly  fertile  surface. 
The  exceptions  to  this  are  the  pestilential  marshes,  especially 
the  Maremma  in  Tuscany,  the  theatre  of  a  prolonged  strug- 
gle between  human  industry  and  the  malignity  of  the  cli- 
mate. Snow  lies  during  the  year  on  the  Alps  at  an  eleva- 
tion of  9500  feet  only ;  the  valley  of  the  Po  has  a  temperate 
climate,  resembling  that  of  the  centre  of  France;  its  lakes 
and  portions  of  the  lagoons  of  Venice  are  frozen  in  winter. 
In  the  region  between  38°  30'  and  40°  30'  N.,  snow  falls  on 


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lk«iIopM  of  themountAins  only,  and  the  olive,  orange,  and 
citron  ripen  in  tho  oiwn  air;  and  in  the  S.  of  Calabria, 
SloUy,  and  tho  neighboring  islands  tho  climate  permits 
of  tho  cultivation  of  tropical  plants.  Moan  annual  temper- 
aturo— Milan  (hit.  45°  28'),  55.2°;  Venice  (lat.  46°  25'), 
64.4°;  Florence  (lat.  4,3°  46'),  59.2°;  Rome  (lat.  41°  54'), 
e0.5»;  Naples  (lat.  40°  52'),  69.6°;  Palermo  (lat.  38°  6'), 
*4.l°  Fuhr.  Tho  prevailing  winds  of  Italy  are  W.  and 
B.W.,  during  which  tho  air  is  pure  and  healthy,  but  tho  S. 
portion  of  tho  country  is  frequently  visited  by  the  hot,  pes- 
tilential winds  of  Africa,  tho  Sirocco  and  Libeccio,  during 
which  vegetation  is  arrested  and  tho  human  frame  becomes 
languid  and  feeble.     Fever  prevails  in  marshy  districts. 

Italy  is  rich  in  mineral  products,  but  has  few  metals  ox- 
eopt  iron  and  lead.  Tho  Apennines  supply  tho  beautiful 
marble  of  Carrara.  Sulphur,  borax,  salt,  nitre,  alum,  ala- 
baster, lava,  and  other  volcanic  productions  aro  abundant. 
There  is  one  active  volcano  (Vesuvius)  in  the  peninsula,  and 
five  in  the  islands  (Etna,  Stromboli,  Maccaluba,  Vulcano, 
and  VulcancUo).  There  are  many  mineral  and  gaseous 
springs.  Tho  vegetable  productions  of  Italy  are  extremely 
varied;  tho  Alps  afford  excellent  pasture,  and  forests  with 
ft  great  variety  of  timber.  Tho  fauna  resembles  that  of  the 
rest  of  Europe  in  similar  latitudes,  and  includes  the  asp, 
scorpion,  and  tarantula.  Fish  are  abundant  in  the  rivers. 
The  horses  of  Piedmont  aro  valuable,  and  in  the  S.  their 
place  is  supplied  by  excellent  mules.  The  coasts  of  Sicily 
furnish  sponges  and  corals ;  the  chief  products  of  the  soil 
are  corn  in  Sicily  and  in  tho  plain  of  the  Po,  which  last  also 
possesses  tho  most  extensive  rice-fields  in  Europe.  The 
chestnut  forms  an  important  article  of  food  in  tho  Apen- 
nines. The  vine,  olive,  and  other  fruit-trees  yield  abundant 
crops ;  and  in  the  S.,  cotton,  the  sugar-cane,  orange,  and  iig 
are  cultivated.  The  date  and  some  other  palms  grow  in 
favorable  situations.  Tho  culture  of  the  mulberry  and  the 
rearing  of  the  silk-worm  form  important  branches  of  in- 
dustry. Cattle  are  reared  to  a  considerable  extent  in  the 
N.,  and  goats  and  swine  in  tho  S.  Among  the  domestic 
animals  is  the  buffalo,  and  the  camel  is  bred  locally  to  a 
limited  extent.  It  is  estimated  that  not  more  than  two- 
thirds  of  the  arable  lands  are  cultivated  ;  but  in  some  por- 
tions (especially  in  the  N.)  agriculture  is  carried  on  with 
tho  greatest  skill.  Manufactures  comprise  silk  (chiefly  in 
Lombardy  and  Piedmont),  woollens,'  gauze,  porcelain,  arti- 
ficial flowers,  hats,  paper,  parchment,  and  musical  instru- 
ments. Italy  has  about  60U0  miles  of  railway  in  operation, 
of  which  a  part  are  public  property.  The  mercantile  marine 
.comprises  numerous  steamers  and  sailing-vessels;  and  Italian 
merchants  are  extensively  engaged  both  in  Mediterranean 
and  in  oceanic  commerce.  The  naval  force  consists  entirely 
«f  steamers,  several  of  them  iron-clads  of  the  first  chiss. 
The  strength  of  the  army  on  the  peace  footing  is  not  far 
from  200,000  enlisted  men,  with  more  than  15,000  officers. 

The  arts  and  sciences  are  cultivated  with  considerable 
success.  Throughout  tho  whole  of  Italy,  Italian,  in  very 
different  dialects,  is  the  language  of  the  country;  but  it  is 
spoken  in  its  purity  in  Tuscany  only.  The  lloraan  Catholic 
is  tho  sole  religion  of  the  state,  but  other  existing  forms 
are  tolerated  by  law.  The  hierarchy  comprises  45  arch- 
bishops and  19S  bishops.  In  1850  a  bill  was  passed  anni- 
hilating the  privileges  of  the  clergy  of  Sardinia,  which  in 
1S61  was  extended  over  the  whole  kingdom.  Since  1854  a 
large  number  of  monastic  and  clerical  institutions  have 
been  closed  and  their  property  seized  by  the  government. 
A  great  part  of  the  property  thus  confiscated  has,  by  the 
new  government,  been  applied  to  the  purposes  of  education, 
besides  appropriations  made  by  parliament,  and  the  avails 
«f  local  and  communal  taxation.  Sinco  the  beginning 
of  1860  there  have  been  opened  in  the  kingdom  several  gov- 
ernment model-schools.  But,  notwithstanding  that  much 
progress  has  been  made,  the  majority  of  the  people  are  un- 
able to  read  or  write.  There  are  21  universities,  of  which  17 
are  sustained  by  the  general  government.  Eight  univer- 
sities are  of  the  first  class,  viz.,  those  of  Bologna,  Naples, 
Padua,  Palermo,  Pavia,  Pisa,  Rome,  and  Turin  ;  and  9  of  the 
second  class,  viz.,  those  of  Cagliari,  Catania,  Genoa,  Mace- 
rata,  Messina,  Modena,  Parma,  Sassari,  and  Siena.  Came- 
rino,  Ferrara,  Perugia,  and  Urbino  have  universities 
supported  by  provincial  governments.  The  University  of 
Kaplos  is  the  largest,  and  that  of  Camerino  (which  is  free) 
Is  the  smallest.  There  are  also  numerous  public  lyceums, 
gymnasia,  and  technical  schools. 

Under  the  Romans,  Italy  was  divided  into  the  provinces 
of  Cisalpine  Gaul  and  Venetia  in  the  K.,  Italy  proper  in 
ihe  centre,  and 'Magna  Graecia  in  the  S.  The  political 
arrangements  of  modern  Italy  were  changed  for  a  time  by 
the  aggressions  of  Napoleon  I.     In  1801,  Savoy  and  Pied- 


mont were  united  to  France,  the  duchy  of  Milan  formal  th« 
Cisalpine  Republic,  to  which,  in  ISO'),  the  duchy  of  Voiiic* 
and  its  continental  possessions  were  added,  forming  together 
tho  kingdom  of  Italy,  and  Genoa  was  incorporated  with 
France ;  Naples  was  seized,  the  pope  and  tho  other  sover- 
eigns were  deposed,  and  thus  all  Italy,  except  Sicily  and 
Sardinia,  was  subjected  to  France.  After  tho  disineinbcr- 
ment  of  the  French  empire  in  1814,  the  states  were  rcetured 
to  their  former  rulers,  except  tho  duchies  of  Milan  and 
Venice,  which  were  given  to  Austria  and  formed  the  Lorn- 
bardo- Venetian  kingdom.  An  account  has  been  already 
given  of  the  formation  of  the  kingdom  of  Italy,  1859-7(1. 

Italy«  it'^-le,  a  township  of  Yates  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  I.'5i5, 
It  contains  Italy  Hill,  Italy  Hollow,  &o. 

Italy  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Yates  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Italy 
township,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Penn  Yan.     It  has  2  churches. 

Italy  Ilol'low,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yates  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Penn  Yan.  It  has  a  church,  2  saw-milU, 
and  1  or  2  grist-mills. 

Itainaraca,  ce-t&-m8,-r&,-k&',  written  also  Itainarca, 
and  simply  Maraca,  m&,V&-k&',  an  island  of  Brazil,  in  the 
Atlantic,  state  and  20  miles  N.  of  Pernambuco,  separated 
from  tho  continent  by  a  narrow  strait.  Length,  from  N. 
to  S.,  9  miles;  greatest  breadth,  6  miles.  Pop.  8UU0.  It 
contains  tho  town  of  Conceifao,  and  several  villages. 

Itamarandiba,  ce-t&-iii&-r&n-dee'b&,  a  river  of  Bratil, 
state  of  Minas-Geraes,  joins  tho  right  bank  of  the  Araouabi 
24  miles  VV.  of  Minas-Novas. 

Itaraarati,  ee-t&-m&-r&'tee,  a  fine  cataract  of  Brazil, 
60  miles  N.W.  of  Rio  Janeiro. 

Itanhaen,  ee-tln-yfi,'6N»,  formerly  Concei^fio,  kon- 
8&-85wNo',  a  maritime  town  of  Brazil,  state  nnd  40  milct 
S.  of  Sao  Paulo,  on  a  bay  of  the  Atlantic.     Pop.  1200. 

Itapacoroya,  eo-i&-p&-ko-ro'y&,  a  bay  and  headland 
of  Brazil,  state  of  Santa  Catharina.  Lat.  26°  47'  18"  S.; 
Ion.  48°  20'  W. 

Itapagipe,  a  village  of  Brazil.    See  Tapaoipb. 

Itaparica?  ee-t& -pi  ree'k^,  an  island  of  Brazil,  in  tb« 
Bay  of  Bahia,  immediately  opposite  Bahia,  whose  h.trbor  it 
shelters.     Length,  18  miles;  greatest  breadth,  6  miles. 

Itapemirinit  ee  t&.'pi-me-reeN«',  a  village  of  Brazil, 
state  and  65  miles  S.W.  of  Espirito  Santo,  on  tho  river 
of  its  own  name,  near  its  mouth  in  tlie  Atlantic.  Pup. 
2000. 

Itapeteninga,  ee-t&-p&-t4-nceng'g&,  a  town  of  Brazil, 
state  and  120  miles  AV.  of  Sao  Paulo,  in  a  fertile  valley. 
Near  it  great  numbers  of  cattle  are  reared,  which  are  ex- 
ported to  Rio  Janeiro.     Pop.  of  the  district,  COOO. 

Itapeva,  ee-t&-p^'vd,  a  market-town  of  Brazil,  state 
and  160  miles  W.  of  Sao  Paulo.     Pop.  2200. 

Itapicu,  ee-ti-pe-koo',  a  river  of  Brazil,  after  a  course 
of  90  miles,  falls  into  the  sea  N.  of  Point  Itapacoroya. 

ItapicurUf  ee-ti-pe-koo-roo',  a  river  of  Brazil,  state 
of  Bahia,  enters  the  Atlantic  90  miles  N.E.  of  the  city  of 
Bahia,  after  an  E.  course  of  350  miles. 

Itapicurii  de  Cima,  ee-tfl,  pe-koo-roo'  di  sec'ml,  a 
town  of  Brazil,  state  and  110  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bahia,  near 
the  river  Itapicuru. 

Itapicuru  Grande,  ee-ti-pe-koo-roo'  grin'di,  a  town 
of  Brazil,  state  of  Bahia,  on  the  Itapicuru,  about  45  miles 
from  its  mouth,  with  a  parish  church. 

Itapicuru  Grande,  a  river  of  Brazil,  state  of  Maran- 
hao,  after  a  northward  course  of  upwards  of  410  miles,  joiai 
the  river  Sao  Jos^  S.  of  MaranhSo  Island. 

Itapua,  or  Ytapua,  ee-t4-poo'i,  improperly  written 
Itapura,  a  town  of  Paraguay,  on  the  Parana,  175  wiles 
E.N.E.  of  Corrientes. 

Itaqueira,  ee-ti-ki'e-r4,  a  mountain-range  of  Brazil, 
in  the  8.E.  part  of  the  state  of  Matto-Grosso,  stretches  for 
a  great  distance  along  the  right  bunk  of  the  Parana. 

Itas'ca,  a  large  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Minnesota, 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  Rainy  Lake  and  Rainy  Lake  l{iver, 
and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Mississippi  River.  It  is  partly 
drained  by  Big  Fork  River,  and  contains  numerous  lakea. 
The  surface  is  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees. 
The  rocks  which  lie  next  to  the  surface  are  primary  (or 
eozoic).     Pop.  in  1870,  96;  in  1880,  124;  in  1890,  743. 

Itasca,  a  post-hamlet  of  Du  Piige  co.,  III.,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Pacific  Railroad,  20  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Chicago. 

Itasca,  a  post-village  of  llill  co.,  Tex.,  11  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Hillsborough.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a 
ootton-seed-oil  mill,  a  high  school,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Pop.  548. 

Itasca  Lake,  Minnesota,  the  reputed  source  of  the 
Mississippi  River,  in  lat.  47°  10'  N.  It  is  about  8  miles  in 
extent,  and  is  a  beautiful  sheet  of  water,  1575  feet  above 
the  sea-level,  environed  by  pine-covered  hills. 


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Itata,  ee-tl'tJ,  or  Chilian,  cheel-yin',  a  river  of  Chili, 
province  of  Concepcion,  enters  the  Pacific  60  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Concepcion,  after  a  westward  course  estimated  at  150  miles. 
The  name  Ciiillas  is  more  properly  applied  to  the  N.  and 
principal  branch  of  the  Itata.  The  small  town  of  Itata  is 
near  the  river,  20  miles  S.E.  of  its  mouth. 

Itati,  or  Itaty,  ee-tA-tee',  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Re- 
toblic,  35  miles  N.E.  of  Corrientes,  on  the  Parana. 

Itawam'ba,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Mississippi, 
has  an  area  of  about  650  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Tombi^bee  River.  The  surface  is  level,  and  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  calcareous  and 
fertile.  Cotton,  maize,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  Capital, 
Fulton.  Pop.  in  1870,  7812;  in  1880,  10,663;  in  1890, 
11,708. 

Itch'apoor',  a  town  of  British  India,  presidency  of 
Madras,  25  miles  S.AV.  of  Ganjam.  Lat.  19°  4'  N. ;  Ion. 
84°  52'  E, 

Itchen,  itch'^n,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Hants,  enters 
Southampton  Water  E.  of  Southampton. 

Itenez,  a  river  of  South  America.     See  Quapore. 

Iteri-  (Itteri-,or  Itiri-)  Cannedu,  ee-ti'ree-kin- 
ni-doo',  a  town  of  Sardinia,  10  miles  S.  of  Sassari.  It  is  a 
largo  but  ill-built  place,  and  has  several  churches,  and  the 
extensive  ruins  of  an  old  abbey.     Pop.  4115. 

Iteri-Fustialbu,  ee-ti'ree-foos-te-J.l-boo',  or  Ite- 
reddu,  ee-tA-r5d-doo',  a  town  of  Sardinia,  5  miles  S.W. 
of  Ozieri. 

Ithaca,  ith'a-^^a,  Theaki,or  Thiaki,  the-3,'kee,  one 
of  the  Ionian  Islands,  in  the  Mediterranean,  2  miles  E.  of 
Cephalonia,  between  it  and  Albania.  Length,  14  miles. 
Area,  44  square  miles.  It  is  nearly  divided  into  two 
halves  by  a  deep  bay  on  its  E.  side.  Surface  wholly 
mountainous.  Some  olive  oil,  currants,  superior  wine,  and 
honey,  with  corn,  are  raised;  but  the  soil  is  poor,  and  the 
population  live  chiefly  by  maritime  trade.  Chief  town, 
Vathi,  on  a  bay  in  which  are  some  good  harbors.  On  this 
island  are  some  cyclopean  walls  and  other  remains  of  an- 
tiquity.    Pop.  9873. Adj.  and  inhab.  Ith'acan. 

Ithaca,  ith'a-ka,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Gratiot  co., 
Mich.,  61  miles'byrail  W.S.W.  of  Saginaw,  and  10  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  a  court-house,  5  churches, 
2  banks,  a  union  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manu- 
factures of  butter-tubs,  staves,  <S;c.     Pop.  1627. 

Ithaca,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saunders  co..  Neb.,  on  Cotton- 
wood Creek,  about  36  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Omaha. 

Ithaca,  a  handsome  city,  the  capital  of  Tompkins  co., 
N.Y.,  is  nearly  1  mile  from  the  head  or  S.  end  of  Cayuga 
Lake,  37  miles  S.  of  Auburn,  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Geneva, 
and  about  35  miles  N.N.E.  of  Elmira.  Three  streams, 
named  Cayuga  Inlet,  Fall  Creek,  and  Six  Mile  Creek,  here 
enter  the  lake.  Ithaca  is  built  partly  on  an  alluvial  plain, 
and  partly  on  the  slopes  of  high  hills  which  enclose  that 
plain  on  all  sides  except  the  N.  and  are  nearly  600  feet 
higher  than  the  lake.  Few  towns  in  the  state  enjoy  such 
beautiful  and  picturesque  scenery.  The  long,  deep,  and 
narrow  lake  is  a  link  in  the  chain  of  the  inland  navigation 
of  the  state,  and  communicates  with  the  Erie  Canal.  Steam- 
boats ply  daily  between  this  place  and  the  village  of  Ca- 
yuga. Ithaca  is  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Cayuga  Southern 
Railroad,  and  is  on  the  Utica,  Ithaca  &  Elmira  Railroad, 
which  connects  hero  with  the  Geneva,  Ithaca  ASayre  Rail- 
road. Another  railroad  (a  part  of  the  Delaware,  Lacka- 
wanna <t  Western  Railroad)  extends  from  this  place  to 
Owego,  The  city  contains  14  churches,  2  or  3  national 
banks,  the  Ithaca  Academy,  a  free  library,  several  hotels, 
and  printing-offi(>es  which  issue  1  or  2  daily  and  6  weekly 
newspapers.  Here  are  manufactures  of  flour,  paper,  car- 
riages, farming-implements,  iron  eastings,  machinery,  guns, 
clocks,  type-writers,  Ac.  Ithaca  is  the  seat  of  Cornell  Uni- 
versity (non-sectarian),  organized  in  1868  and  endowed 
with  funds  amounting  to  about  $2,600,000.  It  is  open  to 
both  sexes,  and  occupies  several  fine  stone  edifices  situated 
on  an  eminence.  It  has  a  faculty  of  about  100  instructors, 
an  attendance  of  about  1500  students,  and  a  library  of 
87,000  volumes.     Pop.  in  1890,  11,079. 

Ithaca,  a  post-village  of  Darke  co.,  0.,  about  25  miles 
N.W.  of  Dayton,  and  2  miles  W.  of  the  Dayton  <fc  Union 
Railroad.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  150. 

Ithaca,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Richland  co., 
Wis.,  48  miles  W.N.W.  of  Madison.    Pop.  of  township,  1219. 

Ith'aca,  a  large  village  of  British  Guiana,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Berbice  River. 

Ithan,  a  river  of  Scotland.    See  Ythan. 

Ithome,  ee-tho'mee,  a  mountain  of  Greece,  in  Messenia, 
25  miles  N.W.  of  Kalamata,  3865  feet  in  elevation,  at  its 
8.  slope,  in  a  village  of  the  same  name. 


Ith'on,  a  river  of  South  Wales,  co.  of  Radnor,  after  a  8. 
course,  joins  the  Wye  2  miles  N.N.W.  of  Builth. 

Itinivini,  ee-te-ne-vee'nee,  a  branch  of  the  Cassiquiare 
River,  in  Venezuela,  separates  from  that  river  about  45 
miles  below  the  point  where  it  leaves  the   Orinoco,  and 
unites  with  the  Rio  Negro  40  miles  N.W.  of  the  influx  of 
the  Cassiquiare. 
Itiri-  (or  Ittiri-)  Cannedu.    See  Iteri-Cannedu, 
Itium  Promontorium.    See  Cape  Gris-Nez. 
Iton,  or  If  ton,  eeH^N"',  a  river  of  France,  rises  5  milc» 
N.  of  Mortagne,  department  of  Orne,  and  joins  the  Eure 
after  a  N.  course  of  58  miles.     Above  Evreux  it  runs  under 
ground  for  3  miles. 

Itooroop,Itonroup,orIturup,ee-too-roop',Ator- 
koo,  or  Atorkou,  i.-tor-koo',  Gortpoo,  gort-poo',  or 
Stat'en  Island,  the  largest  of  the  Kooril  Islands,  in 
the  North  Pacific  Ocean,  belonging  to  Japan,  separated 
northward  by  Vries  Strait  from  the  island  of  Ooroop,  and 
southward  by  St.  Anthony  Strait  from  the  Japanese  island 
of  Koonasheer.  Lat.  of  N.  peak,  45°  38'  N. ;  Ion.  149° 
15'  E.  Length,  140  miles;  average  breadth,  20  miles.  It 
is  mountainous,  and  contains  an  active  volcano.  Principal 
products,  fish  and  timber,  with  furs. 

Itrabo,  ee-tri'Bo,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  prov- 
ince and  30  miles  from  Granada. 

Itri,  ee'tree,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta,  7 
miles  N.W.  of  Gaeta.     Pop.  6280. 

Itsatsou,  eet'sit'soo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Bassea- 
Pyr^nges,  12  miles  S.  of  Bayonne.     Pop.  1470. 

Itskhini-Itskaii,  it-skee'nee-it-ski'lee  ("horse 
river"),  a  river  of  Asiatic  Russia,  in  Tra»scaucasia.,  tribu- 
tary to  the  Rion,  which  it  joins  30  miles  E.  of  Poti. 

Ittlingen,  itt'ling-§n,  a  village  of  Baden,  on  the  El- 
senz,  3  miles  S.  of  Carlsruhe.     Pop.  1459. 

Itu,  Hitu,  or  Ytu,  ee-too',  a  town  of  Brazil,  state 
and  70  miles  W.N.W.  of  Sao  Paulo,  on  the  Tiete.  It  has 
numerous  religious  edifices,  a  hospital,  prison,  and  schools ! 
Pop.  10,000. 

Itucambira,  ee-too-kim-bee'ri,  a  river  of  Brazil,  joinii 
the  Jequitinhonha,  after  a  course  of  about  120  miles. 

Itunama,  ee-too-ni-mi',  or  Tunama,  too-ni-mJ.',  m 
river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  Matto-Grosso,  and  joins  the  Guapore 
in  lat.  12°  20'  S.     Its  principal  affluent  is  the  Machapo. 

Itura^a,  i-too-re'3,,  a  district  of  ancient  Syria,  between 
Lake  Tiberias  and  Damascus. 

Iturisa,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Tolosa. 

Iturup,  Japan.    See  Itooroop. 

Itza,  a  lake  of  Central  America.     See  Petew. 

Itzehoe,  it's§h-ho'§h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Holstein, 
on  the  Stor,  40  miles  by  rail  N.AV.  of  Altona.  Pop.  9776. 
It  consists  of  an  old  and  a  new  town,  connected  by  a  long 
bridge,  and  has  several  churches,  manufactures  of  tobacco, 
chiccory,  sugar,  beer,  spirits,  and  playing-cards,  and  a  flour- 
ishing general  trade. 

lugan-  (or  lugan-)  Bolchoi.  See  Yoogan  Bolshoi. 

luka,  i-yu'ka,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baxter  co..  Ark.,  80 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Walnut  Ridge  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

luka,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co..  111.,  on  the  Ohio  (fe 
Mississippi  Railroad,  78  miles  E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  17 
miles  W.  of  Flora.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a 
priv.ate  bank,  and  a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  about  400. 

luka,  a  hamlet  of  Labette  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Neosho 
River,  about  8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Parsons. 

luka,  a  post-village  of  Pratt  co.,  Kansas,  42  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Lamed.     It  has  3  churches. 

luka,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Tishemingo  co.,  Miss., 
22  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Corinth,  and  115  miles  from  Mem- 
phis. It  contains  2  churches,  a  bank,  the  luka  Female 
Institute,  a  newspaper  office,  <fcc.  Pop.  1019.  Here  oc- 
curred an  indecisive  battle  between  General  Rosecrans  and 
General  Price  on  the  19th  of  September,  1863. 

Ivahi,  ee-vi-hee',  or  Ubahi,  oo-bi-hee',  a  river  of 
Brazil,  state  of  Sao  Paulo,  flows  W..  a!id  joins  the  Parana 
in  lat.  23°  20'  S.,  Ion.  54°  W.     Length,  250  miles. 

Ivaki-Sima,  ee-vi'kee-see'mi,  an  island  of  Japan,  in 
the  Sea  of  Japan,  21  miles  from  the  W.  coast  of  Ilondo. 
It  is  15  miles  long  by  6  miles  broad. 

Ivanda,  ee-vin'di.  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  To- 
rontal,  about  10  miles  from  Temesvar.     Pop.  1200. 

Ivan-Gorod,  ee-vS,n'-go-rod',  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment and  62  miles  S.E.  of  Chernigov,  on  the  Oster. 
Pop.  1200. 

Ivan-Gorod,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  78 
miles  S.W.  of  St.  Petersburg,  on  the  Narova,  opposite 
Narva.     Pop.  1000. 

Ivanhoe,  i'van-ho,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bullock  oo.,  Ga.,  2 
miles  W.  of  the  O'geecheo  River. 


«YA 


1484 


IH 


Ivaahoo  (fonnerly  Dean's  Corner*),  a  pott-viUigo 
of  L»k«co.,  III.,  in  Fremont  township,  ubout  38  uulesN.N.W. 
«f  CbioAfo.    It  bo*  R  oUurcb  and  »  obeoae-factory. 

Ivanhoe*  a  hamlet  of  Linn  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the  C«dar 
lUver,  18  mtlca  N.  of  Iowa  City. 

Ivanhoe«  a  poat-Tillaxe  of  Riohmond  oo.,  Vn.,  on  or 
near  tho  Itippahannock  Kivor,  about  75  utiles  E.N.B.  of 
RioiuBond.    It  bas  2  churobea. 

Ivanhoc«  a  post-village  in  Hastings  oo.,  Ontario,  21 
miles  N.  of  Dollevillo.     It  oontains  2  saw-uiills.     Pop.  200. 

Ivnuich-FestUDg*  ee'vA-niK-fis'tOSng,  a  town  of 
Croatia,  in  an  island  formed  by  tho  I^nya,  IS  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Agrain.     Pop.  750. 

IvanovOj  or  I\vanowo«  ee-vi-no'ro,  a  town  of  Itussia, 
government  and  66  miles  I^.N.E.  of  V'lodimoer. 

Ivan'pah*  a  post-ot&oe  and  mining-oamp  of  San  Ber- 
nardino CO.,  Cal.  It  has  2  quartz-mills  for  silver,  which  is 
mined  hero. 

Ivany,  eeV&n',  a  tonn  of  Hungary,  oo.  and  23  miles 
S.E.  of  Oedenburg.     Pop.  1200. 

I'velt  a  river  of  England,  oo.  of  Bedford,  joins  the  Oose 
at  Tompsford,  after  a  northeastward  course  of  20  miles. 

Ivel,  or  Yeo,  yo,  a  river  of  England,  oo.  of  Somerset, 
bas  a  K.W.  course  of  27  miles,  and  joins  the  Parrot  at 
Langport. 

Ivelchester)  a  town  of  England.    See  Ilchbstkr. 

Iverna  and  Invernia,  Latin  names  of  Iugla.nd. 

I'versOD)  a  post-office  of  lied  River  parish,  La. 

Ives,  ivz,  a  station  in  Muscatine  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Mus- 
oatine  division  of  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern 
Railroad,  S  miles  W.  of  Muscatine. 

Ivesdale,  ivz'dal,  a  post-village  of  Champaign  co.,  111., 
in  Sadorus  township,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  28  miles  £. 
by  N.  of  Decatur.  It  has  3  churches,  a  plough -factory,  and 
several  stores.     Pop.  in  1890,  323. 

Ives'  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Racine  co.,  Wis.,  in 
Yorkville  township,  34  miles  N.  of  Windsor.  It  hiis  a  church. 

Ivi^a,  Iviza,  ee-vee's&,  or  Ibisa,  eo-Dco's&  (anc.  Ebn- 
mui),  the  smallest  and  westernmost  of  the  three  principal  Bal- 
earic Islands,  belonging  to  Spain,  in  the  Mediterranean,  54 
miles  S.AV.  of  Majorca.  Length,  22  miles;  average  breadth, 
12  miles.  The  coast  is  indented  by  numerous  small  bays, 
the  principal  being  those  of  San  Antonio  and  Ivi(a.  The 
surface  is  hilly  and  well  wooded.  The  valley  is  fertile,  pro- 
ducing olives,  corn,  flax,  hemp,  figs,  and  almonds.  Timber, 
and  salt  from  large  salt-works  along  the  coasts,  with  stock- 
ings, charcoal,  carobs,  almonds,  and  lead  ore,  are  the  exports. 
Principal  towns,  Iviya  (tho  capital),  San  Antonio,  and  San 
Miguel.  The  two  islands  of  Ivi^a  and  Formentera  were 
anciently  called  Pityu'sm,  from  the  number  of  pine  trees 

growing  on  them;  virvt  in  Greek  signifying  a  "pine." 

Adj.  and  inhab.  IV19AN  or  Ivizan,  ec-vee'sijn. 

Ivi<;a,  or  La  Ciudad,  1&  thee-oo-D&n',  a  fortified  town 
of  Spain,  capital  of  tho  island  of  Ivija,  on  its  S.E.  coast. 
It  has  a  good  and  spacious  harbor,  and  is  a  place  of  great 
antiquity.     Pop.  5552. 

Ivie,  eev'yi,  or  Iv^je,  ee've-yi*,  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  55  miles  S.E.  of  Vilna.     Pop.  1440. 

Iv'inghoe,  a  town  and  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Bucks, 
3  miles  N.N.W.  of  Tring.     Pop.  1722. 

Ivonis,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Yvetot. 
>   I'vor,  a  post-village  and  station  of  Southampton  co., 
Va..  45  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Norfolk.     It  has  2  churches. 
■    I'vory  Coast,  a  flat,  monotonous  coast-region  of  Upper 
Guinea,  lying  E.  of  the  Grain  Coast  (Liberia)  and  W.  of 
the  Gold  Coast.     It  has  a  few  French  trading-factories. 

I'voryton,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Conn.,  9 
miles  (direct)  S.  by  E.  of  Uaddam.  It  has  a  church,  and 
manufactures  of  ivory  goods,  piano  actions,  <ko. 

Ivrea,  ee-vri'i  (ano.  Epore'dia),  a  town  of  Italy,  29 
miles  direct  and  38  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Turin,  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  Dora  Baltea,  a  little  below  the  opening  of  the  Val 
d'Aosta.  Pop.  9125.  It  is  enclosed  by  old  walls,  com- 
manded by  a  citadel  and  a  neighboring  castle,  now  a 
prison,  and  has  a  cathedral,  5  other  churches,  many  re- 
mains of  the  Roman  period,  a  seminary,  a  hospital,  and 
manufactures  of  silk  goods.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Ivry- la- Bataille,  eeVree'-14-b3.'t4l',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Eure,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Evreux.  Pop.  1053.  It 
Is  celebrated  for  the  decisive  victory  gained  by  Henry  IV. 
over  Mayenne  in  1590. 

Ivry-sur-Seine,  eeVree'-sun-sln,  a  village  of  France, 
in  Seine,  on  a  slope  near  the  Seine,  4J  miles  S.S.E.  of  Paris. 
Pop.  15,247.  It  has  a  pretty  church,  a  fort,  a  fine  mansion 
formerly  belonging  to  the  Dukes  of  Orleans,  some  villas,  and 
manufactures  of  steam-machinery,  glass,  chemical  products, 
and  organs,  with  forges  and  stone-quarries. 


I'vy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  III.,  on  the  Mississippi 
River,  about  32  miles  8.S.W.  of  Belleville. 

Ivy,  a  post-ofiioe  of  Lyon  co.,  Kansas,  about  12  miles  W. 
of  Osage  City. 

Ivy,  a  post-offieo  of  Madison  00.,  N.O. 

Ivy,  a  post-villiige  in  Simeoe  co.,  Ontario,  11  miles  S.W. 
of  Barrie.     l\)p.  100. 

Ivy  City,  a  station  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  on  the 
Washington  Branch  of  tho  Baltimore  it  Ohio  Railroad,  2 
miles  from  Wasliington. 

Ivy  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Albemarle  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  7  milot  W.  of  Charlottesville. 
It  has  3  churobes. 

Ivy  C>ap,  a  post-office  of  Yancey  00.,  N.C. 

Ivy  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Haywood  co.,  N.C. 

Ivy  Hill,  a  station  within  the  limits  of  Philadelphia, 
on  tho  Oormantown  &  Chestnut  Hill  Railroad,  S  miles  N. 
of  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Ivy  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Campbell  co.,  Va. 

I'vyland,  a  station  in  Bucks  00.,  Pa.,  on  the  Northeast 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  19  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia. 

I'vy  Log,  a  post-office  of  Union  oo.,  Ga.,  10  miles  N.  of 
Blnirsvillo. 

Ivy  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co..  Pa.,  in  Aston 
township,  about  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chester. 

Ivy  Jnills,  a  post-office  of  Hickman  co.,  Tenn. 

Iwana,  oe-w&'n&,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coosa  co.,  Ala.,  10 
miles  AV.  of  Goodwater  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Iwanowo,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Ivanovo. 

Iwuy,  eo^vwee',  a  market-town  of  France,  department 
of  Nord,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Cambrai.  It  has  manufactures 
of  cutlery,  chairs,  and  sugar.     Pop.  3890. 

Ixcaquixtia,  eex-k&-keex'tl&,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state 
and  50  miles  S.E.  of  Puebla,  with  extensive  remains  of  an- 
tiquity.    Pop.  3000,  chiefly  Indians. 

Ixea,  a  town  of  Spain.     See  Igra. 

Ixelles,  eex'dll'  (Flemish,  Elaene,  dl's^h-n^h),  a  village 
of  Belgium,  in  South  Brabant,  1  mile  S.  of  Brussels.  Pop. 
18,500.     It  has  distilleries,  breweries,  and  dye-works. 

Ixmiquilpan,  eex-mce-keel-p&n',  a  town  of  Mexico, 
state  of  Hidalgo,  80  miles  N.  of  Mexico,  with  silver-mines. 

Ixonin,  ix-o'ne-^,  or  Ixonia  Centre,  a  post-village 
in  Ixonia  township,  Jefferson  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul  Railroad,  39  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Mil- 
waukee. It  has  2  churches.  The  township  is  intersected 
by  Rock  River.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1491. 

IxtaccihuatI,  Mexico.    See  Iztaccihuatl. 

Ixtapalapa,  eex-t&-p&-l&'p&,  a  town  of  Mexico,  10 
miles  S.E.  of  the  city  of  Mexico.  It  was  formerly  a  place 
of  much  importance,  but  is  now  greatly  declined. 

Ixtlahuaca,  eex-tli-w3,'k J,  a  town  of  Mexico,  60  miles 
N.W.  of  the  city  of  Mexico.     Near  it  are  silver-lodes. 

Ixtlan,  eex-tlin',  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  and  40  miles 
N.E.  of  Oajaca.     Hero  are  silver-mines. 

Iza,  ee'z«5h,  a  village  of  Hungary,  about  25  miles  from 
Szigcth,  on  the  Nagy  Ag.     Pop.  1200. 

Iza,  a  town  of  Peru.    See  I9A. 

Izabal,  or  Isabal,  e-s&-b&l',  a  port  of  Guatemala,  de- 

Eartment  of  Izabal,  pleasantly  situated  on  the  S.  shore  of 
lake  Izabal  (30  miles  long,  15  broad),  40  miles  from  the  sea 
by  the  beautiful  rivor  Rio  Dolce  (or  Izabal).     Pop.  1000. 

Izaico,  Isaico,  or  Ysaico,  ee-silrko,  a  volcano  of 
Central  America,  in  San  Salvador,  10  miles  N.  of  Son- 
sonate. 

IzaIco,  Isaico,  or  Ysalco,  a  town  of  the  republic  and 
40  miles  W.  by  S.  of  the  city  of  San  Salvador.     Pop.  4000. 

Izamal,  a  eity  of  Yucatan.    See  Isamal. 

Iz'ard,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Arkansas,  has  an 
area  of  about  547  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W. 
by  White  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Strawberry  River, 
Rock  Creek,  and  other  streams.  The  surface  is  mountainous 
or  hilly;  the  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  com, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Melliourne. 
Pop.  in  1870,  6806;  in  1880,  10,857;  in  1890,  13,038.  _ 

Izeaux,  ee'zo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Isjre,  18  mile* 
N.N.E.  of  Saint-Marcellin.     Pop.  1811. 

Izel,  ee'z^l,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Luxembourg,  on 
the  Semoy,  21  miles  W.  of  Arlon.     Pop.  1900. 

Izcrnore,  ee'zftii'noB',  a  village  of  Fronce,  in  Ain,  6 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Nantua.     Pop.  1045. 

Izhma,  or  Ijma,  eezh'mJ,  a  river  of  Russia,  govern- 
ments of  Vologda  and  Archangel,  joins  the  Petchora,  after 
a  northward  course  of  190  miles  through  a  desert  region. 

Izieux,  ee^ze-uh',  a  village  of  France,  in  Loire,  on  the 
Ban,  1  mile  E.N.E.  of  Saint-Etienne.  Pop.  4180.  It  has 
manufactures  of  ribbons,  spoons,  Ac. 

Izioom,  Izioum,  Izium,  Isium,  or  I^um,  iz-e- 


IZM 


1485 


'^AtJ 


oom',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  70  miles  S.E.  of 
Kharkov,  on  the  Donets.  Pop.  12,962.  It  is  enclosed  by 
ramparts,  and  has  a  citadel  on  an  adjacent  height. 

Izmen,  or  Izmeny,  iz^mSn',  a  village  of  Hungary, 
CO.  of  Tolna,  about  10  miles  from  Sz^kzard.     Pop.  1100. 

Izmidf  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Ismged. 

Izmir,  or  Izmyr,  Syria.    See  Smyrna. 

Iznajar,  or  Iznaxar,  eeth-nJ-naR'  (ano.  Anff€llas),tk 
town  of  Spain,  province  of  Cordova,  near  the  Genii,  14 
miles  S.E.  of  Lucena.     Pop.  2092. 

Iznalioz,  or  Isnalioz,  ees-nil-yoth',  a  town  of 
Spain,  11  miles  N.N.E.  of  Granada.     Pop.  1839. 

Iznatoraf,  eeth-ni-to-rif  (ano.  Anatorgiif),  a  town 
of  Spain,  province  and  45  miles  N.E.  of  Jaen.    Pop.  2558. 

Izueek,  Iznik,  Isnik,  iz^neek',  or  Nice,  neess  (ano. 
Jiiea'a),  a  village  and  ruined  city  on  the  E.  extremity  of 
Lake  Isneek,  Asia  Minor,  32  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ismeed,  and 
40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Brusa.  The  village  comprises  about  150 
bouses,  enclosed  by  ancient  walls  with  gates  and  towers 
■till  nearly  perfect.    The  first  general  ecclesiastical  council 


met  at  Nicaea  in  325,  on  which  occasion  the  "  Nicene  creed" 
was  framed ;  another  council  was  held  here  in  787.  Thia 
city  was  the  first  conquest  of  the  Crusaders  in  the  East,^ 
being  taken  in  1097.  .' 

Izneek,  Lake  of,  Asia  Minor.    See  Lake  of  Iznek£ 

Iznikmid,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Ismeed. 

Izon,  ee^z6N»',  a  village  of  France,  in  Gironde,  6  miles 
W.  of  Libourne.     Pop.  1430. 

Izsak,  is*sS,k',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  and  40  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  3305. 

IztaccihuatI,  or  IstaccihuatI,  ees-tik-se-hwit'l', 
an  extinct  volcano  of  Mexico,  state  and  30  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Puebla.     Elevation,  15,705  feet. 

Izucar,  co-zoo'kan,  called  also  Matamoros  Izucar, 
mi-ti-mo'roeece-zoo'kaR,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Puebla, 
90  miles  S.E.  of  the  city  of  Mexico,  in  a  fine  sugar-district, 
at  the  base  of  Popocatepetl.     Pop.  12,000. 

Izvoruik,  or  Izvorneek,  Turkey.    See  ZvonsiK. 

Izzano,  it-si'no,  or  Isano,  ee-s4'no,  a  village  of 
Northern  Italy,  4  miles  E.  of  Crema.     Pop.  1300. 


J. 


Names  beginning  with  J,  in  Eastern  Europe  and  in 
Asia,  will,  in  this  work,  generally  be  found  under  Y:  thus, 
for  Jablonev,  see  Yablonev;  Jassy,  see  Yassy,  <tc.  Some 
Spanish  and  Spanish-American  words  beginning  with  J 
may  be  found  under  X  or  G. 

Jaak,  yJk,  a  village  of  Hungary,  oo.  of  Eisonburg,  12 
miles  from  Stein-am-Anger.     Pop.  1550. 

Jaalons,  zhS'ldN"',  a  village  of  France,  in  Marne,  9 
miles  N.E.  of  Chalons-sur-Marne.     Pop.  585. 

Jaam,  yim,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Krasna,  10 
miles  from  Oravioza,  on  the  Krasso.     Pop.  1150. 

Jaar,  y^n,  or  Geer,  nain,  a  river  of  Belgium,  after  a 
N.E.  course  of  30  miles,  joins  the  Meuse  at  Maestricht. 

Jaarsveld,  yilns'vSlt,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  1 
mile  S.W.  of  Utrecht. 

Jabadii  Insula,  an  ancient  name  of  SaMATUA. 

Jabalquinto,  Spain.    See  Javalquinto. 

Jabary,  Xabary,  H8,-B9,-ree',  Yavary,  yi-vi-ree', 
or  Hyabary,  ho-S,^b5.-ree',  a  river  of  South  America, 
forming  a.part  of  the  boundary  between  Brazil  and  Peru, 
rises  in  lat.  8°  S.  and  Ion.  72°  W.,  and,  after  a  N.E.  course 
of  at  least  450  miles,  joins  the  Maranon  at  Tabatinga.  It 
is  navigable  250  miles. 

Jabbalpoor,  a  town  of  India.    See  Jubbulpoor. 

Jabbeke,  yAb'bA'keh,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Flanders,  6  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Bruges,     Pop.  1860. 

Jabbok,  a  river  of  Syria.    See  Jabok. 

Jabea,  or  Xabea,  ni-B^'i,  a  town  of  Spain,  45  miles 
N.E.  of  Alicante,  on  the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  5679. 

Jabitaca,  a  mountain-range  of  Brazil.    See  Cairiris. 

Jabkan,  or  Djabkan,  a  river  of  Asia.   See  Chabkan. 

Jablona,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Gabel. 

Jablonev,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Yablo.vev. 

Jabionka,  y&^blon'koh^,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Arva,  60  miles  N.E.  of  Neusohl,     Pop.  3151. 

Jablonoi  Mountains,  Siberia.  See  Yablonoi. 
-^  Jablonow,  y3,-blo'nov,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Kolomea,  on  the  Luczka. 
.  Jablunkau,  yi-bloon'kow,  a  town  of  Austrian  Silesia, 
14  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Teschen,  on  the  Olsa.  Pop.  3029. 
Five  miles  by  rail  S.  of  the  town  is  the  Pass  of  Jablunkau, 
leading  into  Hungary,  and  defended  by  a  fort. 

Jab'ok,  Jab'bok,  or  Zes'ka,  a  river  of  Syria,  rises 
in  the  Haooran,  flows  W.,  passing  N.  of  Mount  Gilead,  and, 
after  a  course  of  about  45  miles,  falls  into  the  Jordan  about 
30  miles  N.  of  the  Dead  Sea.  It  is  mentioned  in  Scripture 
as  the  boundary  which  separated  the  kingdom  of  Sihon, 
King  of  the  Amorites,  from  that  of  Og,  King  of  Bashan. 

Jaboo'ah,orJabo'ah,  written  also  Jabua,ja-boo'i, 
a  native  state  of  India,  bounded  N.  by  Banswara,  and  en- 
closed on  all  sides  by  other  native  territories.  Area,  1348 
square  miles.  Pop.  132,104.  Jabooah,  its  capital,  is  a 
town  285  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bombay.  Lat.  22°  46'  N. :  Ion. 
74°  39'  E. 

Jabugo,  or  Xabugo,  Ri-Boo'go,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  47  miles  N.E.  of  Uuelva.     Pop.  1494, 


Jabnka,  yi^boo'k5h\  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  and  62 
miles  S.  of  Temesvar,  on  the  Temes.     Pop.  2200. 

Jabuka,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Temesvar,  4  miles 
from  Versecz.     Pop.  1200. 

Jaca,  Jacca,  or  Xaca,  ni'kS,,  a  frontier  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  30  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Huesca.  Pop. 
3540.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  a  strong  citadel,  a 
cathedral,  a  bishop's  palace,  and  barracks. 

Jacarehi,  zhft-ka-ri-hee',  a  town  of  Brazil,  50  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Sao  Paulo,  on  the  Parahyba.     Pop.  7000. 

Jacatra,  Java.    See  Jakatra. 

Jacinto,  jg,-sin'to,  a  post-hamlet  of  Colusa  co.,  Cal.,  ou 
the  Sacramento  River,  about  82  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Sacra- 
mento.    Large  quantities  of  wheat  are  shipped  here. 

Jacinto,  a  post-village  of  Alcorn  co.,  Miss.,  in  a  hilly 
country,  about  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Corinth.  It  has  a  church 
and  an  academy. 

Jack,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area  of 
about  1000  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  West 
Fork  of  Trinity  River.  The  surface  is  partly  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  is  uncultivated.  Capital,  Jacksborough. 
Pop.  in  1870,  694;  in  1880,  6626;  in  1890,  9740, 

Jack  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Nobles  co.,  Minn, 

Jack'man's  Sound,  a  harbor  in  Frobisher  Strait, 
British  North  America,  opposite  Sussex  Island. 

Jack'mantown,  a  post-office  and  plantation  of  Somer- 
set CO.,  Me.     Pop.  65. 

Jackree,  jik'ree,  a  village  of  the  Punjab,  on  the 
Jhylum,  27  miles  S.W.  of  Pind-Dadun-Khan. 

Jack's,  a  township  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  2720. 

Jacks'borough,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Campbell 
CO.,  Tenn.,  is  near  the  Knoxville  &  Ohio  Railroad  (3  miles 
from  Caryville  Station),  about  33  miles  N.N.W.  of  Knox- 
ville. It  has  an  academy  and  2  churches.  Pop.  in  1890, 
374.     Coal  is  mined  near  this  place. 

Jaclcsborough,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jack  co., 
Tex.,  near  the  West  Fork  of  Trinity  River,  about  90  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Dallas.  It  has  4  churches,  a  Baptist  college,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  grist-mill.  Here  is  Fort 
Richardson,  a  United  States  post.     Pop.  in  1890,  751. 

Jack's  Creek,  a  township  of  Yancey  co.,  N.C.  Pop. 
1026. 

Jack's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Henderson  co.,  Tenn. 

Jack's  Fork,  Missouri,  rises  in  Texas  co.,  runs  north- 
eastward in  Shannon  co.,  and  enters  the  Current  River 
about  10  miles  S.E.  of  Eminence. 

Jack'son,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Alabama,  bor- 
ders on  Tennessee.  Area,  about  1144  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Tennessee  River,  which  here  runs  south- 
westward.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  high  ridges  or 
hills,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  cotton,  wheat,  grass,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad  and  the  Nashville  &  Chat- 
tanooga Railroad,  the  former  road,  which  enters  it  in  the 
extreme  N.E.  and  runs  S.W.,  communicating  with  Scotts- 


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borough,  the  c*piUl  of  the  county.     Pop.  in  1870,  19,410  j 
in  1880,  26,114;  in  18U0,  28,026. 

Jaokaon«  a  county  iu  the  N.E.  pnrt  of  Arkansas,  has 
•n  area  of  aU)ut  niy  square  miles.  It  is  intorHectod  by 
White  Rivor,  and  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  Blaoli  Kivcr. 
The  surface  in  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered 
with  forcKts  of  rypross  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Cotton  and  uiaixo  nre  the  staples.  This  county  is  traversed 
by  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &,  Southern  and  White  A 
Black  River  Valley  Railroads.  Capita),  Jacksonport.  Pop. 
in  1870.  72CS;  in  1880,  10,877;  in  1800,  15,17«. 

Jackson,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Florida,  bordering 
on  Alnbnma,  has  an  area  of  about  000  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  U.  by  the  Chattahouchee  and  Appalachieola 
Rivers,  and  is  drained  by  the  Chipola  River.  The  surface 
is  nearly  level.  The  soil  produces  cotton,  Indian  corn,  and 
sugar-cnne.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Louisville  &  Nashville 
Railroad.  Capital,  Marianna.  Pop.  in  1870,  9528;  in 
1880,  14,372;  in  1890,  17,644. 

Jackson,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Qeorgia,  has 
an  area  of  about  328  square  miles.  It  is  drninod  by  two 
branches  of  the  Oconee  River,  called  the  North  Fork  and 
Middle  Oconee.  The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly,  and  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cot- 
ton, Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
Granite  is  abundant  in  this  county.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Georgia  and  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroads.  Ciipital, 
JeflFerson.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,181;  in  1880, 16,297;  in  1890, 
19,176. 

Jackson,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Illinois,  bordering 
on  Missouri,  has  an  area  of  about  5S0  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.AV.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  intersected 
by  Big  Muddy  River,  and  also  drained  by  Bcaucoup  Creek. 
■The  surface  is  diversified  with  hills,  precipitous  limestone 
bluffs,  and  wide  alluvial  bottom-lands.  A  large  part  of  it 
is  covered  with  forests  of  white  onk,  hickory,  ash,  ehn, 
beech,  tulip-tree,  walnut,  maple,  &c.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Maize,  fruits,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  This 
county  has  rich  mines  of  bituminous  coal,  also  quarries  of 
fine  limestone,  a  good  material  for  building.  Devonian  and 
carboniferous  limestones  crop  out  in  the  picturesque  bluffs 
of  the  Mississippi,  which  are  here  nearly  300  feet  high. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Illinois  Central,  Grand 
Tower  &  Carbondale,  Mobile  &  Ohio,  and  St.  Louis,  Alton 
&  Terre  Haute  Railroads,  of  which  the  three  last  mentioned 
communicate  with  Murphysborough,  the  capital  of  the 
county.  Pop.  in  1870,  19,634;  in  1880,  22,505;  in  1890, 
27,809. 

Jackson,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Indiana,  has  an 
area  of  about  510  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Driftwood  Fork  (or  East  Fork)  of  White  River,  and  is 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Muscatatuck  River.  The  surface 
is  undulating,  and  nearly  one-third  of  it  is  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  grass, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed 
by  the  Ohio  <t  Mississippi,  Pennsylvania,  and  Evansville 
&  Terre  Haute  Railroads,  all  of  which  communicate  with 
Brownstown.  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  18,974;  in  1880, 
23,050;  in  1890,  24,139. 

Jackson,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Iowa,  borders  on 
Illinois.  Area,  about  612  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  and  E.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  is  intersected 
by  the  Maquoketa  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
uneven,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil 
is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  pork,  and 
butter  are  the  staple  products.  Magnesian  limestone  (Lower 
Silurian)  underlies  this  county,  which  also  has  deposits  of 
iron  ore.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St. 
Paul  and  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroads,  both  of  which 
communicate  with  Maquoketa,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
Pop.  in  1870,  22,619;  in  1880,  23,771;  in  1890,  22,771. 

Jackson,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an 
area  of  658  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Soldier  Creek, 
and  also  drained  by  Bills  and  Straight  Creeks,  affluents  of 
the  Delaware  River.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  prai- 
ries and  woodlands,  in  which  the  elm,  hickory,  white  oak, 
sycamore,  and  walnut  are  found.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  oats,  wheat,  live-stock,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products. 
Limestone  underlies  this  county,  which  is  part  of  the  coal- 
Geld  of  Kansas.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Central  Branch 
of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad  and  by  the  Chicago,  Ruck 
Island  &  Pacific  and  Kansas  City,  Wyan  &  Northwest  Rail- 
roads. Capital,  Ilolton.  Pop.  in  1870, 6053;  in  1875,  6681 ; 
in  1880,  10,718;  in  1890,  14,626. 

Jackson,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  Ken- 
tucky, has  an  area  of  about  305  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  several  forks  or  head-streams  of  Rook  Castle  River.    The 


surface  is  hilly,  and  nearly  half  of  it  is  covered  with  foreati. 
The  soil  produoes  Indian  corn,  grass,  Ac.  Capital,  McKee. 
Pod.  in  1870,  4647;  in  1S80,  6678;  in  1890,  8261. 

Jackson,  a  parish  in  the  N.  part  of  Louisiana,  has  an 
area  of  about  680  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  I)ug<le- 
mona  River  and  Bayou  d'Arbonne  and  Bayou  Castor.  Tlie 
surface  is  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  for- 
ests. The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  nre 
the  staple  products.  Capital,  Vernon.  Pop.  in  1870,  7646; 
in  1880,  5328;  in  1890,  7463. 

Jackson,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Michigan,  has  an 
area  of  720  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Uruml,  Kal- 
amazoo, and  Raisin  Rivers.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The 
soil  is  a  fertile  loam.  Whent,  Indian  corn,  hay,  wool,  but- 
ter, and  oats  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has 
mines  of  bitumiuous  coal  and  beds  of  fire-clay.  The  rockt 
which  lie  next  to  the  surface  are  limestone  and  sandstone. 
It  is  intcrscoted  by  the  Michigan  Central,  Lake  Shore  A 
Michigan  Southern,  and  Grand  Trunk  Railroads,  all  of 
which  connect  at  Jackson,  which  is  the  capital  of  this  county. 
Pop.  in  1870,  36,047;  in  1880,  42,031 ;  in  1890,  45,031. 

Jackson,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Minnesota,  border- 
ing on  Iowa,  has  an  area  of  720  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Des  Moines  River  (or  its  West  Fork),  and 
also  drained  by  the  Chanyuska  River.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating, and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  small  lakes, 
the  largest  of  which  is  Heron  Lake,  nearly  12  miles  long. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  grass,  &c.,  are  the  staple 
.products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee &  St.  Paul  Railroad  and  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul, 
Minneapolis  &  Omaha  Railroad.  Capital,  Jackson.  Pop. 
in  1870,  1825;  in  1880,  4806;  in  1890,  8924. 

Jackson,  the  most  southeastern  county  of  Mississippi, 
borders  on  Alabama.  Area,  about  1072  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Pascagoula  and  Escatawpa  Rivers,  the  former 
running  from  N.  to  S.  and  dividing  the  county  into  twft 
nearly  equal  portions.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and 
mostly  covered  with  forests  of  pine.  The  soil  is  sandy  and 
poor.  The  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad  traverses  the 
S.  portion  of  the  county,  passing  through  Scriinton,  the 
capital.    Pop.  in  1870,  4362 ;  in  1880,  7607  ;  in  1890,  11,251. 

Jackson,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Missouri,  border- 
ing on  Kansas,  has  an  area  of  about  630  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Missouri  River,  and  is  drained 
by  Big  Blue  and  Little  Blue  Rivers.  The  Kansas  River 
enters  the  Missouri  at  the  N.W.  corner  of  this  county.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats, 
grass,  live-stock,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Lime- 
stone is  abundant  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  and 
the  Kansas  City,  Wyan  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  all  of 
which  communicate  with  Kansas  City,  the  chief  city  of 
this  county.  The  Chicago  <t  Alton  and  other  railroads  also 
traverse  the  county,  passing  through  Independence,  the 
capital.  This  is  the  second  county  of  the  state  in  popula- 
tion and  wealth.  Pop.  in  1870,  55,041;  in  1880,  82,325; 
in  1890,  160,510. 

Jackson,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  North  Carolina, 
borders  on  South  Carolina.  Area,  estimated  at  552  square 
miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Tuckasegee  River.  The  sur- 
face is  mountainous,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests.  The 
Blue  Ridge  occupies  the  S.  part  of  this  county,  the  valleys 
of  which  are  adapted  to  pasturage.  Indian  corn,  grass,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  The  Richmond  A,  Danville 
Railroad  traverses  the  county.  Capital,  Webster.  Pop.  in 
1870,  6683;  in  1880,  7343;  in  1890,  9512. 

Jackson,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an  area 
of  about  392  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Little 
Scioto  River  and  by  Symmes  Creek.  The  surface  is  diver- 
sified with  hills  of  moderate  height,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  has  abundance  of  good  bituminous  coal  and 
iron  ore,  and  exports  much  iron.  It  also  has  extensive  beds 
of  limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
and  Ohio  Southern  Railroads,  both  of  which  communicate 
with  Jackson,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870, 
21,759;  in  1880,  23,686;  in  1890,  28,408. 

Jackson,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Oregon,  borders 
on  California.  Area,  estimated  at  2880  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  Rogue  River,  which  rises  near  the  N.E. 
border,  and  is  also  drained  by  Stewart  and  Applegate  Creeks. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Rogue  River  Mountains, 
and  on  the  E.  by  the  Cascade  Range.    On  the  £.  border  of  < 


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this  county  stands  Mount  Pitt,  which  has  an  altitude  of 
about  11,000  feet,  and  the  Siskiyou  Range  extends  along 
the  S.  border.  A  large  part  of  the  county  is  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  Oats,  live-stock, 
pork,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  Gold  is  found 
here.  This  county  is  traversed  from  W.  to  S.  by  the  South- 
ern Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Jacksonville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
4778;  in  1880,  8154;  in  1890,  11,455. 

Jackson,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee,  has  an  area 
of  about  280  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Cum- 
berland River,  which,  entering  the  county  in  the  N.,  takes 
a  southwesterly  course.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Maize, 
wheat,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  Capital,  Guines- 
borough.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,583;  in  1880,  12,008;  in  1890, 
1.3,325. 

Jackson,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area 
of  about  880  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Lavaca 
}liver,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the  Navidad  River.  La- 
vaca Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  touches  the 
8.W.  part  of  this  county.  The  surface  is  diversified  with 
prairies  and  woodlands.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cattle, 
cotton,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  The  Southern 
Pacific  Railroad  traverses  the  county,  passing  through 
Edna,  the  capital.  Pop,  in  1870,  2278;  in  1880,  2723;  in 
1890,  3281. 

Jackson,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  West  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  470  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.W.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  is  drained  by  Big  Mill 
Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  nearly  half  of  it  is  cov- 
ered with  forests.  The  soil  is  generally  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  oats,  grass,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products. 
Good  limestone  underlies  part  of  this  county.  The  Ohio 
River  Railroad  traverses  its  W.  boundary.  Capital,  Jack- 
son Court-llouse,  sometimes  called  Ripley.  Pop.  in  1870, 
10,300;  in  1880,  16,312;  in  1890,  19,021. 

Jackson,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Wisconsin,  has 
an  area  of  about  992  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
Black  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Fox  River  and  Mor- 
rison's and  Pigeon  Creeks.  The  surface  is  extensively  cov- 
ered with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  partly 
fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  lumber,  grass,  and  Indian  corn  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Chi- 
cago, St.  Paul  <fe  Minneapolis  Railroad  and  another  railroad. 
Capital,  Black  River  Falls.  Pop.  in  1870,  7687;  in  1880, 
13,285;  in  1890,  15,797. 

Jackson,  a  post- village  of  Clarke  co.,  Ala.,  1  mile  by 
rail  E.  of  the  Tombigbee,  and  60  miles  N.  of  Mobile.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  ofiSce,  and  an  academy.  Near 
at  hand  is  a  sulphur  well  of  local  repute. 

Jackson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  Ark.,  near 
Spring  River,  44  miles  N.E.  of  Batesville.    It  has  a  church. 

Jackson,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Amador  co.,  Cal.,  on 
Jackson  Creek,  about  50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sacramento.  It 
has  a  court-house,  2  churches,  and  2  newspaper  offices. 
Gold  is  found  near  this  place,  in  quartz-  and  placer-mines. 
Pop.  about  1200. 

Jackson,  a  post-office  of  Pueblo  co.,  Col.,  22  miles  E. 
of  Pueblo. 

Jackson,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Butts  co.,  Ga.,  46 
miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  several  churches, 
a  bank,  an  academy,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  lumber-mills, 
and  an  oil-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  922. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
line.     Pop.  202. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Bartholomew  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
618.     It  contains  Waymansville. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Blackford  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1399. 
It  contains  Trenton. 

,  Jackson,  a  township  of  Boone  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  2453. 
It  contains  Jamestown. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1750. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1301.  It 
contains  Camden. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1519.  It 
contains  Galveston. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Clay  co.,  Ind.,  in  the  block- 
coal  region.     Pop.  1711. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Clinton  eo.,  Ind.  Pop.  3932. 
It  contains  Frankfort. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind.   Pop.  1366. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1746. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1141. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Elkhart  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1289. 
It  contains  New  Paris. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1037. 
It  contains  Everton. 


Jackson,  a  township  of  Fountain  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1321. 
It  contains  Jacksonville. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1969.  It 
contains  Owensburg. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Hamilton  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  3724. 
It  contains  Cicero. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Hancock  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1849, 
It  contains  Charlottesville  and  Cleveland. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1400. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Howard  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1000. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Huntington  co.,  Ind,  Pop. 
2257.     It  contains  Roanoke. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1137, 
exclusive  of  Seymour. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Jay  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  989. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1043. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1344. 
It  contains  Perkinsville. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1645. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Morgan  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  1723. 
It  contains  Morgantown. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Newton  co.,  Ind.,  bounded  N. 
by  the  Kankakee  River.     Pop.  766. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Orange  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1148. 
It  contains  Newton  Stewart. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  757. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1377. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Porter  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1072. 
It  contains  Jackson  Centre. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1498. 
It  contains  Groveland  and  New  Marysville. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
line.     Pop.  1349. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Ripley  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1401. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Rush  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  770. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1305.  It 
contains  Mount  Auburn. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Spencer  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  926. 
It  contains  Gentryville. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Starke  co.,  Ind.,  bounded  N.W. 
by  English  Lake.     Pop.  125, 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Steuben  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1122. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Sullivan  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1732. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Tippecanoe  CO.,  Ind.   Pop.  1081. 

Jackson,  Tipton  co.,  Ind.    See  Jackson  Station. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
779.     It  contains  Martinsburg. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  AVayne  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  4949. 
It  includes  Jacksonburg,  Cambridge,  East  Germantown,  and 
Dublin. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Wells  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1140. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  White  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1358.  It 
includes  Burnettsville  and  Idaville. 

Jackson,  a  post-office  of  Adair  co.,  Iowa,  in  Jackson 
township,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Anita.     Pop.  of  township,  505. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Benton  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  988. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Boone  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  799. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Bremer  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1013. 
It  is  traversed  by  Red  Cedar  and  Shell  Rock  Rivers,  and  con- 
tains Janesville. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  594. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Calhoun  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  690. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Clarke  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  917. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  264. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Des  Moines  co.,  Iowa,  on  tbo 
Mississippi  River.     Pop.  148. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  489 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Guthrie  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  819. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Hardin  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  866, 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Missouri  and  Little  Sioux  Rivers.     Pop.  329. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1149. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  Skunk  River. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  945. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Jones  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  800. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1467 
It  contains  loka. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1052,  ex- 
clusive of  Keokuk  City. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  965.  R, 
is  traversed  by  the  Wapsipinicon  River. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Lucas  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  598. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  670. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  843. 
It  contains  Melrose. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Iowa.  Pop, 
789,  exclusive  of  Villisca. 


JAC 


1489 


JAO 


Jsokson*  a  townthip  of  PucahonUs  oo.,  lowft.    P.  186. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  PuwMhiek  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
1049,  «xcluaivo  of  Montesuma. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Sao  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop.  811.  It 
pOBtaioa  Sao  City. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  271. 

Juoktton,  a  township  of  Taylor  oo.,  Iowa,  on  tne  Mis- 
souri line.     Pop.  421. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Van  Buron  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
1633,  exolu8ive  of  Cantrii. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Warren  oo.,  Iowa,  on  tha  Mis- 
souri line.     Pop.  832. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Washington  oo.,  Iowa.     P.  971. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Wayne  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  4dU. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Wobstor  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  438. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Winneshiek  oo.,  Iowa.     P.  820. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Anderson  eo.,  Kansas.     P.  490. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Davis  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  1295. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  406. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Lyon  oo.,  Kansas.  Pop.  1271. 
It  contains  Neosho  Ilapids. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  McPherson  oo.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
381).     Post-office,  Eden  Prairie. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Riley  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  1013. 
It  contains  Randolph. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Sumner  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  495. 
Post-oQico,  Rome. 

Jackson,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Breathitt  oo.,  Ky., 
on  the  Kentucky  River,  about  70  miles  (direct)  E.S.B.  of 
Lexington.     Pop.  54. 

Jackson,  a  poEt-rillago  of  East  Feliciana  parish,  La., 
about  32  miles  Ji.  of  Baton  Rouge.  It  is  the  seat  of  Cen- 
tenary College  (Methodist  Episcopal),  which  was  organized 
in  1825,  and  of  the  state  asylum  for  the  insane,  and  has  7 
churches,  a  female  institute,  a  high  school,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  in  1890,  1276. 

Jackson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  in  Jackson 
township,  about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Bangor.    It  has  a  church. 

Jackson,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  is 
on  Grand  River,  and  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad 
where  it  crosses  the  Lake  Shore  <t  Michigan  Southern  Rail- 
road, 76  miles  W.  of  Detroit,  37  miles  S.  of  Lansing,  and 
94  miles  S.E.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  is  the  S.B.  terminus 
of  the  Grand  River  Valley  Railroad  and  the  E.  terminus 
of  the  Air  Line  division  of  the  Central  Railroad,  and  is 
connected  with  Saginaw  by  the  Central  Railroad.  It  con- 
tains the  state  prison,  with  about  700  convicts,  about  17 
churches,  2  national  banks,  3  other  banks,  14  school  build- 
ings with  70  teachers,  2  high  schools,  and  printing-offices 
which  issue  3  daily  and  5  weekly  newspapers.  It  has  also 
gas-works.  Holly  water-works,  electric  light*,  an  electric 
street-railway,  4  flouring-mills,  4  machine-shops,  3  foun- 
dries, 4  sash-  and  blind-factories,  5  plKning-mills,  4  brew- 
eries, 2  manufactories  of  furniture,  3  of  agricultural  imple- 
ments, 7  of  carriages  and  wagons,  1  of  chemicals,  1  of 
railroad-cars,  3  of  pumps,  3  of  cigars,  6  coal-mines,  a 
pottery,  the  principal  machine-shops  of  the  Michigan  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  and  many  minor  industries  and  trades,  and 
is  a  growing  business  centre  of  diversified  interests.  Pop. 
in  1870,  11,447;  in  1880,  16,105;  in  1890,  20,798. 

Jackson,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Jackson  co.,  Minn., 
on  the  Des  Moines  River,  26  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Fair- 
mont, and  80  miles  by  rail  E.S.B.  of  Pipestone.  It  has 
4  churches,  2  banks,  a  grist-mill,  a  wagon -factory,  and  3 
newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  720. 

Jackson,  a  city,  the  capital  of  the  state  of  Mississippi, 
and  of  Hinds  co.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Pearl  River,  183 
miles  N.  of  New  Orleans,  45  miles  E.  of  Vicksburg,  and  96 
miles  W.  of  Meridian.  Lat.  32°  18'  N. ;  Ion.  90°  6'  W.  It  is 
on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Vicks- 
burg <fe  Meridian  Railroad.  It  is  built  on  level  ground,  and 
is  regularly  planned.  It  contains  the  state-house,  the  peni- 
tentiary, a  lunatic  asylum,  institutions  for  the  blind,  the 
deaf,  and  the  dumb,  public  schools,  an  industrial  seminary, 
the  state  law  library,  the  third  largest  in  the  Union,  8 
chnrohes,  a  national  and  2  other  banks,  3  iron-foundries,  a 
sash-,  door-,  and  blind-factory,  and  numerous  smaller  indus- 
tries. A  semi-monthly,  a  quarterly,  2  daily,  and  4  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.  The  city  is  lighted  by 
electrioity.  Many  thousand  bales  of  cotton  are  annually 
shipped  at  this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  5920. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Andrew  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1347. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Buchanan  co..  Mo.     Pop.  656. 

Jackson,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cope  Girardeau  co., 
Mo.,  163  miles  by  rail  S.S.B.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  7  churches, 
a  bank,  newspaper  offices,  and  a  foundry  and  machiQe-shop. 
Pop.  in  1890,  941. 


Jackson,  a  township  of  Carter  oo.,  Mo.     Pop.  695. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Clarke  oo.,  Mo.     Pop.  1472. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Clinton  co..  Mo.  Pop.  1762. 
It  contains  Hainesvillo  and  Barnesville. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Dallas  oo.,  Mo.     Pop.  1432. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Daviess  oo.,  Mo.  Pop.  1039 
See  Jack80:<  Statiox. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Douglas  oo..  Mo.     Pop.  330. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Gentry  oo..  Mo.     Pop.  1037. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Groeno  oo..  Mo.     Pop.  1750. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Jasper  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1238. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Johnson  oo..  Mo.     Pop.  2201, 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Linn  oo..  Mo.     Pop.  948. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Livingston  co.,  Mo.     P.  2603. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Macon  oo..  Mo.     Pop.  1755. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Marios  oo.,  Mo.     Pop.  1419. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Monroe  oo..  Mo.  Pop.  4367. 
It  contains  Paris. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Nodaway  oo..  Mo.     Pop.  895. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Osage  oo..  Mo.     Pop.  1104. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Ozark  oo..  Mo.     Pop.  353. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Polk  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1483. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Putnam  oo..  Mo.     Pop.  799. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Randolph  oo..  Mo.     Pop.  1 175, 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Reynolds  co..  Mo.     Pop.  327. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  St.  Clair  co..  Mo.     Pop.  411. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  St.  Genevieve  co..  Mo.  P.  1112. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Shannon  co..  Mo.     Pop.  370. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  1410. 
It  contains  Ilunnowell. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Sullivan  co..  Mo.     Po]>.  902. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Texas  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  637. 

Jackson,  a  post-village  of  Dakota  co.,  Neb.,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  and  on  two  lines  of  railroad,  9  miles  W.  of 
Dakota,  and  about  9  miles  (direct)  above  Sioux  City,  Iowa. 
It  has  a  church,  a  convent,  a  bank,  and  a  flouring-mill. 
A  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here. 

Jackson,  a  hamlet  in  Platte  co..  Neb.,  on  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad,  99  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Omaha.  Eleva- 
tion, 1470  feet.  It  has  a  store,  2  hotels,  and  a  grain-ware- 
house. 

Jackson,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  N.IL,  in  Jack- 
son township,  on  the  Glen  Ellis  River,  3  miles  from  Glen 
Station,  about  38  miles  N.  of  Ossipee,  and  10  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Mount  Washington.  It  has  a  church,  a  large  hotel,  and 
several  boarding-houses.     Pop.  of  the  township,  474. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Ocean  CO.,  N.J.  Pop.  1755.  It 
contains  Jackson's  Mills,  Bennett's  Mills,  Collier's  Mill,  &o, 

Jackson,  a  fertile  township  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y., 
bordering  to  a  small  extent  on  the  Vermont  line.  It  ii 
mountainous,  and  has  several  fine  lakes.     Pop.  1562. 

Jackson,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Northampton  co., 
N.C.,  in  Jackson  township,  about  85  miles  N.B.  of  Raleigh, 
and  4  miles  N.  of  the  Roanoke  River.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  181;  of  the  township,  623. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Union  oo.,  N.C.     Pop.  1010. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  0.  Pop.  1801.  It 
contains  Lafayette. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Ashland  co.,  0.  Pop.  1409. 
It  contains  Polk. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Auglaize  co.,  0.  Pop.  1502. 
It  contains  Minster. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  0.  Pop.  995.  It 
contains  Carlisle. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Champaign  co.,  0.     P.  1831. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Clermont  co.,  0.     Pop.  1658. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.     Pop.  1767. 

Jackson-,  a  township  of  Crawford  oo.,  0.  Pop.  4021, 
including  that  of  Crestline. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Darke  co.,  0.  Pop.  2088.  It 
contains  Union  City. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Franklin  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1923. 
It  contains  Grove  City. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Guernsey  co.,  0.  Pop.  867. 
It  contains  Byesville. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Hancock  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1209. 
It  contsiins  Houcktown. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Hardin  co.,  0.     Pop.  1412. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Highland  co.,  0.  Pop.  905, 
It  contains  Belfast,  Fairfax,  and  North  Uniontown. 

Jackson,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jackson  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Ohio  Southern  Railroad,  and  on  the  Portsmouth  divi- 
sion of  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Southwestern  Railroad,  44 
miles  N.E.  of  Portsmouth,  84  miles  W.S.W.  of  Marietta, 
and  39  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Chillicothe.  It  contains  9 
churches,  a  union  school,  6  blast-iron-furnaces,  3  banks,  a 
woollen-factory,  2  flour-mills,  and  2  planing-mills.    Three 


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weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.     Coal   and  iron 
ore  abound  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  in  1890,  4320. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Jaclison  oo.,  0.     Pop.  1532. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  0.     Pop.  818. 

Jackson,  a  village  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  in  Licking 
township,  on  the  Straitsville  division  of  the  Baltimore  & 
Ohio  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Newark,  and  31  miles  E.  of 
Columbus.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  union  school.  Pop. 
438.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Jacksontown;  of  its 
station,  National  Road. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Mahoning  co.,  0.    Pop.  909, 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  0.,  on  Ohio  River. 
Pop.  1354.     It  contains  Cochransville  and  Centre  View. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Montgomery  eo.,  0.  Pop.  2170. 
It  contains  Farmersville. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.  Pop.  1147. 
It  contains  Frazeysburg.  • 

Jackson,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  township,  Muskin- 
gum CO.,  0.,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Zanesville.     Pop.  56. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Noble  co.,  0.     Pop.  1190. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Paulding  co,,  0.     Pop.  556. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Perry  co.,  0,     Pop.  1539. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Pickaway  co.,  0.     Pop.  1202. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  0.  Pop.  1840.  It 
contains  Sharonville, 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Preble  co.,  0.,  on  the  Indiana 
line.     Pop.  1430. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  0,     Pop.  737. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Richland  co.,  0.     Pop.  934. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Sandusky  oo.,  0.    Pop.  1350. 
It  contains  Burgoon  and  Millersville. 
.  Jackson,  a  township  of  Seneca  co.,  0,     Pop.  1131. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  0.  Pop.  1461.  It 
contains  Jackson  Centre  and  Montra. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Stark  co.,  0.     Pop.  1616. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  0.     Pop.  935. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Van  Wert  co.,  0.     Pop.  249. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Vinton  co.,  0.     Pop.  1294. 

Jackson  (Old  Hickory  Post-Offioe),  a  hamlet  of  Wayne 
CO.,  0.,  in  Canaan  township,  about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Akron. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Wood  co.,  0.     Pop.  347. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Wyandot  co.,  0.     Pop.  771. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Butler  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1137,  ex- 
elusive  of  the  boroughs  of  Harmony  and  Zelienople. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Cambria  co..  Pa.     Pop.  906. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Columbia  co..  Pa.     Pop.  565. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Dauphin  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1036. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Greene  co..  Pa.  Pop.  964. 
Some  coal  has  been  here  mined. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.  Pop. 
1662.     It  contains  McAlevy's  Fort. 

,  Jackson,  a  township  of  Lebanon  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  3437. 
It  contains  Myerstown. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  624. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.     Pop.  542. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Mercer  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  752.  It 
contains  Jackson  Centre. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Monroe  co..  Pa.     Pop.  851, 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Northumberland  co..  Pa.  P.  886. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Perry  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1103.  It 
contains  Blain. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Potter  co..  Pa.     Pop.  49. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Snyder  co..  Pa.    Pop.  712. 

Jackson,  a  post-village  of  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Jackson  township,  about  34  miles  N.  of  Scranton,  It  has 
2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1175. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Now 
York  line.     Pop.  1531. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Venango  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  720, 
exclusive  of  the  borough  of  Cooperstown. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  York  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1499. 

Jackson,  a  station  in  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  on  the 
Pawtuxet  Valley  Railroad,  2J  miles  N.W.  of  River  Point. 

Jackson,  a  flourishing  city,  capital  of  Madison  oo., 
Tenn.,  on  the  South  Fork  of  the  Forked  Doer  River,  and 
on  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the 
Illinois  Central  and  Tennessee  Midland  Railroads,  about 
90  miles  E.N.E.  of  Memphis,  and  107  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Cairo,  111.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  Southwestern  Baptist  Uni- 
versity, founded  in  1874,  and  has  a  court-house,  2  national 
and  2  private  banks,  an  opera-house,  11  churches,  several 
female  seminaries,  gas-works,  3  planing-mills,  a  spoke- 
factory,  an  iron-foundry,  and  the  workshops  of  the  railroad 
companies.  Three  weekly  and  2  daily  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished here.  Cotton  is  the  chief  article  of  export.  Pop. 
in  1880,  6377;  in  1890,  10,039, 


Jackson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Louisa  co.,  Va.,  about  38 
miles  N.W.  of  Richmond. 

Jackson,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Wis.    Pop.  461, 

Jackson,  a  post-villago  of  Washington  co.,  Wis.,  in 
Jackson  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Chicago  <fc  North- 
western Railroad,  24  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Milwaukee.  The 
township  contains  4  churches,  and  a  pop.  of  2042. 

Jacksonborough,  Ohio.    See  Jacksonburo. 

Jack'sonborough,  a  post-village  of  Colleton  co.,  S.C., 
on  the  Edisto  River,  and  on  the  Savannah  &  Charleston 
Railroad,  30  miles  W.  of  Charleston.     It  has  a  church. 

Jack'son  Brook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co. 
Me.,  in  Jackson  Brook  township,  1  mile  E.  of  Baskahegat 
Lake,  and  about  44  miles  S.  of  Houlton.  It  has  a  tannery, 
and  a  lumber-mill.    Pop.  of  the  township,  206. 

Jack'sonburg,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  CO.,  Ark. 

Jacksonburg,  a  post-villago  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Harrison  township,  about  18  miles  W.  of  Richmond,  It 
has  a  church.     Pop.  109. 

Jacksonbnrg,  a  hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  1  mile 
from  Blairstown  Station.     It  has  a  spoke-factory. 

Jacksonburg,  a  hamlet  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.,  on  th# 
Mohawk  River  and  the  Erie  Canal,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Little 
Falls. 

Jacksonburg,  or  Jacksonborough,  a  post-village 
of  Butler  co.,  0.,  in  Wayne  township,  32  miles  N.  of  Cin- 
cinnati. It  has  a  church,  and  near  it  are  ancient  mounds 
Pop.  127. 

Jackson  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Porter  co.,  Ind.,  15 
miles  W.S.W.  of  La  Porle.     It  has  a  church. 

Jackson  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  0., 
about  50  miles  N.  of  Dayton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Jackson  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  in 
Jackson  township,  on  the  New  Castle  &  Franklin  Railroad, 
6  miles  N.E.  of  Mercer.  It  has  a  church,  2  stores,  and 
about  25  houses.     Coal  is  mined  hero. 

Jackson  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co..  111. 

Jackson  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Rhinebeck  &  Connecticut  Railroad,  18  milet 
N.E.  of  Kingston.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Jackson  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co..  Pa., 
10  miles  W.  of  Stroudsburg.     It  has  2  or  3  churches. 

Jackson  Court-House,  or  Rip'ley,  a  post-village, 
capital  of  Jackson  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  Mill  Creek,  about  32 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Charleston,  and  11  miles  from  the  Ohio 
River.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Jackson  Court-House. 
It  has  a  newspaper  office,  3  churches,  3  hotels,  an  academy 
or  graded  school,  a  wooUcn-mill,  <fcc, 

Jackson  Hall ,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  oo..  Pa.,  about 
45  miles  S.W.  of  Harrisburg.     It  has  a  store. 

Jack'sonham,  a  post-office  and  store  of  Lancaster  eo., 
S.C,  about  60  miles  N.  of  Columbia. 

Jackson  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Davidson  co.,  N.C.,  20 
miles  S.  of  Lexington,  and  46  miles  N.E.  of  Charlotte.  It 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  Jackson  Hill  township,  637. 

Jack'sonport,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jackson  co., 
Ark.,  on  the  White  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Big  Black, 
85  miles  N.E.  of  Little  Rook,  and  2  or  3  miles  from  New- 
port Railroad  Station.  It  is  supported  partly  by  trade 
and  the  navigation  of  the  river.  It  has  a  newspaper  office, 
3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a'saw-mill.     P,  in  1890,  421, 

Jacksonport,  a  post-office  in  Jacksonport  township. 
Door  CO.,  Wis.,  on  Lake  Michigan,  about  37  miles  E.N.E, 
of  Oconto,  Cedar  posts,  railroad-ties,  and  firewood  are 
shipped  here.     Pop.  of  the  township,  273. 

Jackson,  Port,  Australia.    See  Port  Jackson, 

Jack'son's,  a  station  in  Worcester  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Worcester  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Berlin. 

Jackson's,  a  station  in  Wood  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  BaU 
timorc  &  Ohio  Railroad,  3  miles  S.E,  of  Parkersburg. 

Jackson's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Sullivan  oo..  Mo., 
about  48  miles  N.N.E.  of  Chillicothe. 

Jackson's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C. 

Jackson's  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Wythe  co.,  Va. 

Jackson's  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tallapoosa  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  Savannah  &  Memphis  Railroad,  36  miles  N.W.  of 
Opolika.     It  has  3  stores. 

Jackson's  Lake,  Wyoming,  is  about  2  miles  from 
Mount  Moran,  and  near  the  western  boundary  of  Wyo- 
ming. Its  surface  is  6806  feet  above  the  sea.  It  is  about 
8  miles  long  and  258  feet  deep.  An  outlet  which  issues 
from  it  is  the  main  branch  or  head-stream  of  Snake  River. 

Jackson's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  22 
miles  E.  of  Bordentown.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Jackson's  Mills,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Coldbkook. 

Jackson  Springs,  a  post-township  of  Moore  co.,  N.O. 
Pop.  537. 


JAO 


1490 


JAC 


•  Jackson**  River,  %  bmnoh  of  the  James  River,  Vir- 
ginia, rises  by  two  forica  in  lligliland  co.,  and  drains  part 
of  Bath  eo.  It  runs  southward  to  Covington,  below  which 
it  flows  nearly  northeiwtward  until  It  unites  with  the  Cow- 

C«ture  River  in  the  N.  part  of  Botetourt  oo.  Its  length, 
oluding  one  fork,  Is  nearly  120  niilos. 

Jackson  Station,  a  post-ofHoe  of  Tipton  oo.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Indianapolis,  Peru  A  Chicago  lUilroad,  12  miles  S.  of 
Kokonio. 

Jackson  Station,  a  po»t-hani1et  of  Daviess  oo.,  Mo., 
on  Grand  River,  nnd  on  the  St.  Louts,  Council  BIuSs  & 
Omaha  Railroad,  17  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chillicothe. 

Jackson  Station,  a  post-ofGce  of  Aikon  oo.,  S.C,  on 
the  Port  Royal  Railroad,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Augusta,  6a. 

Jackson  Summit,  a  hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  N.Y.,  2} 
miles  from  Mayfield  Station. 

Jnckson  Summit,  a  post-office  of  Tioga  oo..  Pa.,  in 
Jackson  township,  nt  Summit  Station  on  the  Tioga  &  £1- 
mira  State  Lino  Railroad,  17  miles  S.W,  of  Elmira. 

Jacksontown,  Licking  oo.,  0.    See  Jackson. 

Jnckson  Valiey,  a  post-office  of  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa., 
about  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Binghamton,  N.Y. 

Jack'sonville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Calhoun  co., 
Ala.,  on  the  Selma,  Rome  <t  Dalton  Railroad,  145  miles 
N.E.  of  Sclma,  and  61  miles  S.W.  of  Rome,  Ga.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  the  Calhoun  College,  and  a 
female  academy.     Pop.  in  1880,  882;  in  1890,  12:^7. 

Jacksonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lonoke  co..  Ark.,  on 
the  Cairo  &  Fulton  Railroad,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Little  Rook. 
It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Jacksonville,  a  decayed  villoge  of  Tuolumne  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  Tuolumne  River,  about  54  miles  E.S.E.  of  Stockton. 
It  formerly  had  a  rich  gold-mine. 

Jacksonville,  the  most  populous  city  of  Florida,  and 
the  capital  of  Duval  co.,  is  situated  on  the  left  or  W.  bank 
of  the  St.  John's  River,  about  20  miles  from  its  mouth,  at 
the  east  terminus  of  the  Jacksonville,  Pensacola  A  Mobile 
Railroad,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Fernandina,  155  miles  S.  by  W. 
of  Savannah,  and  165  miles  by  railroad  E.  of  Tallahassee. 
Lat.  30°  19'  38"  N.;  Ion.  81°  30'  W.  It  has  increased 
rapidly  in  the  last  decade.  The  river  is  navigable  by 
steamboats  200  miles  above  this  place.  Two  daily  and  3 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Jacksonville  has 
14  ohurches,  2  national  Danks,  a  high  school,  the  Stanton 
Institute,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  marmalade,  moss, 
soap,  and  machinery.  Lumber  is  the  chief  article  of  ex- 
port. Steamboats  ply  daily  between  this  city  and  Palatka. 
Pop.in  1860,2118;  in  1880,  7650;  in  1890,  17,201. 

Jacksonville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Telfair  co., 
Ga.,  is  in  a  level,  sandy  country,  1  mile  from  the  Ocmulgee 
River,  and  about  135  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Savannah.  It  has 
2  churches  and  4  families.     Pop.  40. 

Jacksonville,  a  city  of  Illinois,  and  the  capital  of 
Morgan  co.,  is  situated  on  a  fertile  undulating  prairie,  34 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Springfield,  80  miles  E.S.E.  of  Quincy, 
67  miles  N.  of  Alton,  and  90  miles  N.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  It 
is  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Wabash  Railroad,  and  on  the  Jacksonville  Southeastern 
Line,  the  latter  of  which  extends  from  St.  Louis  to  Chicago 
through  this  city.  Jacksonvjlle  contains  26  churches,  with 
many  handsome  buildings,  and  is  noted  for  its  educational 
and  charitable  institutions.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  Illinois 
College,  which  was  organized  in  1830  and  has  a  library 
of  14,000  volumes.  This  city  also  contains  a  high  school, 
the  Illinois  Female  College,  the  Jacksonville  Female  Acad- 
emy, a  conservatory  of  music,  a  business  college,  a  state 
asylum  for  the  insane,  an  institution  for  the  education  of 
the  blind,  an  institution  for  the  deaf  and  dumb,  2  national 
banks,  4  other  banks,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  2 
daily  and  3  or  4  weekly  newspapers.  The  institutions  for 
the  blind,  the  deaf  and  dumb,  and  the  insane  are  sup- 
ported by  the  state.  The  capital  of  the  banks  amounts  to 
about  $1,500,000.  It  has  a  large  woollen-mill,  with  a  capi- 
tal of  $200,000,  car-works,  water-works,  a  foundry,  and 
manuTacturcs  of  candy,  paper,  fuYnishing-goods,  pumps  and 
windmills,  boilers,  cigars,  cigar-boxes,  soap,  flour,  patent 
swings,  flavoring  extracts,  bricks  and  tiles,  Ac.  Pop.  in  1860, 
6528;  in  1870.  9203;  in  1880,  10,927;  in  1890,  12,935. 

Jacksonville  (Wallace  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of  Foun- 
tain CO.,  Ind.,  in  Jackson  township,  about  14  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Crawfordsville,     It  has  a  church. 

Jacksonville,  a  post-office  of  Chickasaw  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Jacksonville  township,  about  27  miles  £.  by  N.  of  Charles 
City.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1039. 

Jacksonville,  a  post-village  of  Neosho  eo.,  Kansas, 
near  the  Neosho  River,  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Osage  Mission.  It 
haa  2  uhHrchej. 


Jacksonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kemper  co.,  Mis*.,  If 
miles  N.W.  of  Lockhart. 

Jacksonville,  a  post-village  of  Randolph  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern  Railroad,  11  mllei 
S.  of  Macon  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Jacksonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greeley  co..  Neb.,  4A 
miles  N.  of  (jrand  Island.     It  has  a  church. 

Jacksonville,  a  post-village  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J., 
in  Springfield  township,  about  15  miles  6.  of  Trenton.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Jacksonville,  a  hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Cox- 
sackio  township,  5  miles  W.  of  Coxsackie.     It  has  a  churob. 

Jacksonville,  New  York.    See  Mount  Vision. 

Jacksonville,  a  post-village  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y., 
about  7  miles  N.W.  of  Ithaca,  and  2^  miles  W.  of  Cayuga 
Lake.     It  has  a  church  and  about  60  houses. 

Jacksonville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Onslow  co.^ 
N.C.,  in  Jacksonville  township,  near  an  inlet  of  the  ocean, 
about  50  miles  N.E.  of  Wilmington.  It  bos  a  church. 
Pop.  60  ;  of  the  township,  1166. 

Jacksonville,  a  village  of  Adams  oo.,  0.,  in  Meigs 
township,  on  Brush  Creek,  about  28  miles  N.W.  of  Ports- 
mouth. It  has  a  church  and  a  graded  school.  Here  ij 
Dunbarton  Post-Office. 

Jacksonville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jackson  oo., 
Oregon,  is  in  the  fertile  valley  of  Rogue  River,  25  miles  W. 
of  the  Cascade  Range,  and  180  miles  in  a  direct  line  S.  of 
Salem.  It  has  2  ohurches,  a  Catholic  academy  for  girls,  2 
newspaper  offices,  and  a  banking-bouse.    Pop.  in  1890,  734, 

Jacksonville,  a  village  of  Centre  co..  Pa.,  in  Nittany 
Valley,  amid  beautiful  scenery,  about  15  miles  S.W.  of  Lock 
Haven.  It  has  4  churches.  Pop.  about  ISO.  The  name 
of  its  post-office  is  Walker. 

Jacksonville,  a  hamlet  of  Dauphin  co..  Pa.,  in  Jack- 
son township,  6  miles  E.  of  Halifax.  It  has  a  tannery,  a 
grist-mill,  2  stores,  <tc.     Here  is  Endcrs  Post-Office. 

Jacksonville,  a  village  of  Greeno  co..  Pa.,  in  Rich 
Hill  township,  15  miles  W.  of  Waynesburg.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  carriage-shop.  The  name  of  itf 
post-office  is  Wind  Ridge. 

Jacksonville,  a  village  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.,  in  Young 
township,  about  38  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  3 
churches.     Pop,  141,    The  name  of  its  post-ofiico  is  Kent. 

Jacksonville,  a  post-village  and  station  in  Lynn  town- 
ship, Lehigh  co..  Pa,,  on  Maiden  Creek,  and  on  the  Reading 
or  Berks  &  Lehigh  Railroad,  27  miles  N,  of  Reading.  It 
has  a  church,  a  woollen-mill,  2  distilleries,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Jacksonville,  a  post-village  of  Cherokee  co.,Tex.,  28 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Palestine.  It  is  on  the  International  <fc  Great 
Northern  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  a  branch  railroad 
extending  to  Rusk,  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and 
several  general  stores.     Pop.  in  1880,  349;  in  1890,  970. 

Jacksonville,  a  post-village  in  Whitingham  township, 
Windham  co.,  Vt.,  about  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bennington. 
It  has  a  tannery,  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  manu- 
factures of  chairs,  lumber,  flour,  sash,  and  doors. 

Jacksonville,  Virginia,     See  Floyd  CounT-HonsE. 

Jacksonville,  a  post-village  of  Lewis  co.,  W,  Va., 
about  65  miles  E.S.E.  of  Parkersburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Jack'sonville,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  co..  New 
Brunswick,  near  the  right  bank  of  the  river  St.  John,  4i 
miles  N.  of  Woodstock.  It  contains  4  stores  and  a  tan- 
nery.    Pop.  300. 

Jacksonville,  a  village  in  Kings  co.,  Nora  Scotia,  on 
the  South  Mountains,  5  miles  from  Aylesford.     Pop.  120, 

Jack'souAVald,  a  post-office  of  Berks  co,.  Pa.,  about  4 
miles  E.  of  Reading, 

Jack'sonwood,  a  post-office  of  Amite  co.,  Miss. 

Jack's  Reef,  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.    See  Peru, 

Jacks'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co,.  Pa.,  about  U 
miles  E.  of  New  Castle.     It  has  2  churches. 

Jacmel,  or  Jacquemel,  zhik^mfil',  a  town  of  Hayti, 
on  its  S.  coast,  30  miles  S.W,  of  Port  au  Prince,  with  a  good 
anchorage  and  a  trade  with  the  United  States.  Lat,  18° 
13'  N. ;  Ion,  72°  33'  W,     Pop,  6000. 

Ja^cobabad',  or  Khan'ger,  atown  of  British  India, 
capital  of  Jacobabad  district,  Sinde,  30  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Shikarpoor,  and  near  the  Beloochee  frontier.     Pop.  5205. 

Ja'cob  City,  a  post-office  of  Tooele  co.,  Utah. 

Jacobi  (ja-ko'bee)  Island,  one  of  the  Sitka  Islands, 
of  Alaska. 

Jacobina,  zhi-ko-bce'ni,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and 
210  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bahia,  on  the  Itapicuru,  here  joined 
by  the  Oura.     Pop.  of  the  district,  10,000. 

Jacob's  Bight,  Greenland.     See  Omcnak-Fiord. 

Ja'cobsbnrg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  14 
miles  S.W.  of  Wheeling,  W<  Va.    It  has  a  church. 


JAC- 


r49i- 


JAH 


Ja'cob's  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  runs  westward,  forms 
part  of  the  boundary  between  Fayette  and  Westmoreland 
COS.,  and  enters  the  Youghiogheny  River. 

Jacob's  Creek,  a  post-oflSce  and  station  of  Westmore- 
land CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  AVashington  &  Baltimore 
Railroad,  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Jacob's  Fork,  a  post-township  of  Catawba  co.,  N.C., 
8  miles  S.W.  of  Newton.     Pop.  1106. 

Jacobshagen,  yi'kobs-hi'gh^n,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
in  Pomerania,  36  miles  E.S.E.  of  Stettin.     Pop.  1887. 

Jacob's  Mills,  a  post-oflSce  of  York  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Hanover  &,  York  Railroad,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Hanover. 

Jacobstad,  yS,'kob-stdd\  a  town  of  Finland,  on  the 
Gulf  of  Bothnia,  50  miles  N.N.E.  of  Nikolaistad.    P.  2118. 

Jacobstad,  ya,'kob-stat^,  or  Jacobsstadt,  yi'kobs- 
8titt\  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Courland,  on  the  Diina,  78  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Mitau.     Pop.  4567. 

Ja'cobstown,  or  Ja'cobston,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Crawford  co.,  Mo.,  5  miles  from  Cuba.  It  has  a  grist-mill 
and  a  church. 

Jacobstown,  a  small  post-village  of  Burlington  co., 
N.J.,  about  15  miles  S.E.  of  Trenton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Ja'cobsville,  a  post-village  of  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Patapsco  River,  14  miles  S.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  2 
churches,  an  academy,  and  a  public  hall, 

Jacobswalde,  yi'kQbs-^^ird^h,  orKotlarnia,  kot- 
IftR'ne-i,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  31  miles  S.E.  of 
Oppoln.     Pop.  1060. 

Jacot'ta,  a  maritime  town  of  India,  dominion  and  15 
miles  N.  of  Cochin. 

Jacova,  a  town  of  European  Turkey.    See  Yacova. 

Jacquemei,  a  town  of  Hayti.    See  Jacmel. 
■  Jacques-Cartier,  zhik-kanHe-i',  a  river  of  Quebec, 
after  a  S.S.W.  course  of  50  miles,  joins  the  St.  Lawrence  on 
the  left,  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Quebec,  to  which  city  and  its 
environs  it  is  important  as  a  defensive  barrier. 

Jacques-Cartier,  a  county  of  Quebec,  in  the  W.  part 
of  the  ishmd  of  Montreal,  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  river 
St.  Lawrence,  and  on  the  W.  and  N.  by  the  river  Ottawa. 
Area,  56,032  acres.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railway.     Capital,  Pointe  Claire.     Pop.  11,179. 

Jacquinot  (zhi^kee^nu')  Island,  off  the  X.  coast  of 
Papua,  in  lat.  3°  24'  S.,  Ion.  144°  24'  E. 

Jactus,  the  Latin  for  Les  Gets. 

Jacuhy,  zhi-koo-ee',  a  river  of  Brazil,  state  of  Rio 
Grande  do  Sul,  enters  the  Lake  of  Patos  (which  is  rather  its 
expansion)  at  its  N.  extremity,  after  a  S.  and  E.  course  of 
upwards  of  250  miles. 

Jad'den,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co.,  Ind. 

Jade,  Germany.    See  Jahde  and  Wilhelmshafes. 

Jadcra,  or  Jader,  the  ancient  name  of  Zara. 

Jadraque,  or  Xadraque,  n4-dr&'ki,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  18  miles  N.E.  of  Guadalajara.     Pop.  1645. 

Jad'win,  a  post-office  of  Dent  co..  Mo. 

Jaen,  or  Xaen,  Hi-5n',  a  city  of  Spain,  a  bishop's  see, 
and  capital  of  a  province  of  the  same  name,  in  a  hilly  dis- 
trict, 37  miles  N.  of  Granada.  Pop.  22,938.  It  is  enclosed 
by  turreted  walls,  and  commanded  by  a  fortress  on  a  neigh- 
boring hill.  It  has  2  cathedrals,  several  hospitals,  public 
fountains,  a  fine  promenade,  a  brisk  trade  in  the  agricul- 
tural produce  of  the  neighborhood,  and  manufactures  of 
coarse  woollens  and  linens.  The  extensive  manufacture  of 
silks  which  existed  here  under  the  Moors  has  disappeared. 
Jaen  was  an  important  city  under  the  Romans.  Under  the 
Moors  it  was  the  capital  of  the  small  kingdom  of  Jaen,  and 
was  taken  by  Ferdinand  II.,  of  Castile,  in  1246. 

Jaen,  a  province  of  Andalusia,  Spain,  in  the  valley  of 
the  Guadalquivir,  80  miles  in  length  by  70  in  breadth. 
Area,  5184  square  miles.     Capital,  Jaen.     Pop.  392,100. 

Jaen  de  Bracamoros,  Hi-5n'  d4  br4-ki-mo'roce,  a 
town  of  Ecuador,  department  of  Asuay,  and  the  capital  of 
its  southernmost  province,  on  the  Chinchipe,  near  its  junc- 
tion with  the  Amazon.    Pop.  about  2000. 

Jaes,  a  town  of  India,  Roy  Bareilly  division.    P.  11,689. 

Jaczlowiec,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Jazlowice. 

Jafarabad,  a  town  of  India.    See  Japferabad. 

J<ifarganj,  India.    See  Jafpiergunge. 

Jatla,  Jaffa  or  yif 'fi,  Yafa,  or  Yaflfa,  y4f 'fi  (anc. 
Joppa),  a  town  of  Palestine,  on  a  tongue  of  land  projecting 
into  the  Mediterranean,  45  miles  N.N.E.  of  Gaza,  and  31 
miles  N.W.  of  Jerusalem.  Lat.  32°  3'  N. ;  Ion.  34°  45'  E. 
It  is  built  on  a  declivity  crowned  by  a  fortress.  It  has 
»ev«ral  mosques  and  churches,  some  convents,  and  trade  in 
cotton,  corn,  fruits,  and  coral,  the  produce  of  its  vicinity. 
It  was  the  port  of  Jerusalem,  and  the  landing-place  of  the 
cedars  with  which  the  temple  in  that  city  was  built.  In 
1709  it  was  taken,  after  a  sanguinary  siege,  by  Napoleon, 


when  1200  Turkish  prisoners,  who  (it  was  alleged)  had 
broken  their  parole,  were  put  to  death.     Pop.  10,000. 

Jaffa,  Yafa,  or  Yatfa  (anc.  Japha  ;  Script.  Japhia)^ 
a  village  of  Palestine,  2  miles  S.W,  of  Nazareth,  with  about 
30  houses,  and  probably  the  same  place  as  was  fortified  by 
Josephus  and  subsequently  taken  by  the  troops' of  Titus, 

Jaf^fateen'  (or  Jaffatine,  jif-fA-teen')  Islands,  a 
group  in  the  Red  Sea,  near  the  Gulf  of  Suez. 

Jafferabad,  jif'f§r-4-b4d',  a  town  of  India,  in  Guze- 
rat,  on  the  Gulf  of  Cambay,  37  miles  E.N.E.  of  Diu  Head. 

Jafferabad,  a  town  of  India,  in  Hyderabad,  on  an 
affluent  of  the  Godavery,  23  miles  N.E.  of  Jaulnah. 

Jaffiergunge,  jif 'feer-gunj',  a  town  of  Bengal,  on  the 
Ganges,  32  miles  N.N.W.  of  Dacca, 

Jaffnapatam,  jif*na-pj,-tfl,ni',  or  Jaff'na,  a  town  of 
Ceylon,  on  the  W.  shore  of  the  island  of  the  same  name, 
with  a  good  harbor,  a  fort  of  white  coral,  a  trade  in  tobacco, 
palmyra  wood,  and  shells,  and  active  manufactures  of 
cloth,  cotton  prints,  cocoanut  oil,  gold,  jewelry,  &o.  It  is 
built  in  the  Dutch  style,  and  is  clean,  with  broad  and  well- 
shaded  streets.     Pop,  34,713, 

Jaffnapatam,  a  district  of  Ceylon,  consisting  mainly 
of  an  island  of  the  same  name,  lying  N.  of  Ceylon  proper, 
from  which  it  is  separated  by  a  narrow  strait,  easily  ford- 
able  on  horseback.  It  is  low,  dry,  and  of  coral  formation, 
but  affords  much  palmyra  timber,  tobacco,  rice,  fruit,  Ac. 
Its  people  are  noted  for  industry  and  intelligence,  but  are 
grossly  immoral.     Capital,  Jaffnapatam.     Pop.  245,983. 

JaPfrey,  a  post-village  in  Jaffrey  township,  Cheshire 
CO.,  N.H.,  28  miles  N,N,W.  of  Fitchburg,  Mass.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  tannery.  The  Great  Monadnock  Mountain  is 
in  this  township,  \fhich  contains  also  a  larger  village,  named 
East  Jaffrey  (station  name,  Jaffrey).     P.  of  township,  1256. 

Jagan,  ji-gin',  a  small  town  and  fort  of  the  Punjab,  in 
its  N,  part.     Lat.  32°  43'  N. ;  Ion.  75°  5'  E. 

Jaganatha,  Jaggernaut,  Jaggannatha.  See 
Juggernaut. 

Jagaraga,  a  town  of  Java.    See  Djagaraga. 

Jagath,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  TETooAy. 

Jagdispur,  a  town  of  India.    See  Jugdeespoor. 

Jagepoor,  a  town  of  India.     See  Jajpoor. 

Jiigerndorf,  yi'gh?rn-doRr,  or  Karnow,  kan'nov, 
a  town  of  Austrian  Silesia,  at  a  railway  junction,  14  miles 
N.W.  of  Troppau,  between  the  Great  and  Little  Oppa.  Pop. 
8442.  It  is  enclosed  by  high  walls,  and  has  a  handsome 
church  with  a  spire  230  feet  high,  an  old  ducal  castle,  high 
school,  hospital,  and  theatre.  It  is  the  capital  of  a  medi- 
atized principality  belonging  to  Prince  Liechtenstein. 

Jaghatoo,  or  Jaghatu,  ji-gi-too',  a  river  of  Persia, 
province  of  Azerbaijan,  rises  in  Mount  Zagros,  40  miles 
S.W.  of  Tukhti  Suleiman,  flows  northward,  and  enters 
Lake  Ooroomeeyah  10  miles  W.S.W,  of  Binab,  Length, 
130  miles. 

Jagodin,  yH-go-deen',  or  Jagodina,  y3,-go-dee'n&,  a 
town  of  Servia,  near  the  Morava,  63  miles  S.S.E.  of  Semen- 
dria.     Pop.  4385. 

Jagotin,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Yagotix. 

Jagst.    See  Jaxt. 

Jagua,  or  Xagua,  ni'gwi,  a  river  of  Honduras,  enters 
the  Caribbean  Sea  40  miles  W.S.W.  of  Trujillo,  after  a  N. 
course  of  120  miles. 

Jagua  Bay,  or  Bahla  de  Jagua  (or  Xagua),  b&- 
ee'4  dd.  nk'gwk,  a  fine  bay.on  the  S.  coast  of  Cuba,  45  miles 
N.W.  of  Trinidad,  and  defended  by  a  strong  castle  on  Cape 
de  los  Angeles.     Upon  it  is  the  town  of  Cienfuegos. 

Jaguardo,  a  town  of  Brazil.     See  Serrito. 

Jaguari,  zhi-gwi-ree',  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Minns* 
Geraes,  on  the  W.  slope  of  Serra  de  Mantiqueira,  and  on 
the  road  from  Rio  Janeiro  to  the  towns  of  Sao  Paulo  and 
Campanha. 

Jaguaribe,  zh8,-gw5,-ree'bi,  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in 
the  mountains  of  Boa  Vista,  state  of  Ceard,  and  falls  into 
the  Atlantic  about  lat.  4°  8'  S.,  Ion.  37°  50'  W.  Total 
length,  about  460  miles. 

Jaguaripe,  zhi-gw&-ree'p4,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state 
and  45  miles  W.S.W,  of  Bahia,  on  a  river  of  its  own  name. 

Jahalu,  j4-hil-loo',  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Bijnaur 
district.     Pop.  5979, 

Jahanabad,  a  town  of  India,    See  Jehanabad. 

Jahde,  yi'd?h,  a  river  of  North  Germany,  in  Olden- 
burg, after  a  northward  course  of  13  miles,  enters  a  wide 
estuary  of  the  North  Sea,  20  miles  in  length  by  12  miles  in 
breadth,  immediately  W.  of  the  mouth  of  the  Weser. 

Jahde,  or  Jade,  yi'deh,  a  small  detached  territory  of 
Prussia,  on  the  coast  of  Oldenburg,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Jahde  estuary,  with  the  town  and  naval  station  of  Wilhelms* 
hafen.     It  was  ceded  in  1864  by  Oldenburg. 


jAn 


1492 


JAM 


Jakie,  a  port  of  Pravia.    Sm  WiLHEMtsHArBX. 
JahiooSt  ch4.««'kooe,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  Piauhy,  70 
«U«  EJ&.B,  of  Ooiraa,  noar  the  Itabim.     Pop.  2U0O. 

Jahll*  j4-bo«l',  a  town  of  Korth-West  India,  58  milet 
K.W.  of  A j  moor. 

Jali*Jerm,  j&-j4nn,  a  town  of  Persia,  in  Khorassan,  in 
Ito  N.  part,  25  wiles  N.  of  AbtMieabnd, 

Jnlvioii,  or  Jalvjow,  jA-jOw',  a  town  of  India,  15 
miles  S.W.  of  Agra. 

Jablorc,  a  town  of  India.    Se«  Jallorb. 

Jahnevif  ji'n4-voe',  a  river  of  India,  in  Gurhwal,  one 
of  tbe  early  affluents  of  the  Ganges,  whioh  it  joins  near 
<jangootri. 

Jahnsdorf,  y&ns'donf,  a  village  of  Saxony,  circle  of 
Zwiokau,  near  Cbemnitz.     Pop.  2051. 

Jaicxat  yit'sA,  Jaitze^  or  JaiczCf  ylt's^h,  a  forti- 
fied town  of  Bosnia,  on  the  Verbas,  3U  miles  S.  of  Bania- 
looka.     Pop.  4000. 

Jaighur,  a  town  of  British  India.     See  Zyqhur. 

Jaihaii)  a  rivor  of  Asia  Minor.     Seo  JruooN. 

Jniju,  or  Jaya,  a  town  of  Afghanistan.    See  Jbja.. 

Jaik,  a  river  of  Kussia.     See  Urau 

Jailum,  India.    See  JhyLum. 

Jaimpoor,  a  town  of  India.    See  Jampoor. 

Jaina,  a  river  and  bay  of  Uayti.     See  Haina. 

Jainagar,  a  town  of  India.    Soo  JorNuaoER. 

Jainal,  a  town  of  India,  district  of  Bharaich.    Pop.  4510. 

Jaispitz,  yls'pits,  or  Alt-Jaischwitz,  &lt-yish'<^it8, 
a  town  of  Moravia,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Znaim.     Pop.  1100. 

Jaitpoor^  jit'poor',  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Gucerat 
Peninsula,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Joonaghur. 

Jiyarcote,  j&-jar-k5t',  a  town  of  -India,  135  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Lucknow. 

JiOpoor,  Jfupur^  j&j^poor',  or  Jaj^pore%  written 
also  Jagepoor^  j&j^poor',  a  town  of  India,  district  and  40 
miles  N.E.  of  Cuttuck,  on  tho  river  Byturney.  It  is  noted 
as  a  place  of  pilgrimage,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  in  ruins. 
Pop.  10,753. 

Jakatra,  or  Jacatra,  yi-k&'trft.,  a  former  kingdom 
in  tho  island  of  Java,  now  divided  into  the  Dutch  prov- 
inces of  Batavia,  Buitenzorg,  Krawang,  and  Proanger. 

Jakatra^  or  Jacatra,  a  former  town  in  the  island  of 
Java,  capital  of  tho  kingdom  of  the  same  name.  Its  site  is 
now  occupied  by  Batavia. 

Jakatra,  or  Jacatra,  one  of  the  present  divisions  of 
Batavia,  in  the  island  of  Java. 

Jakatra,  or  Jacatra,  a  bay  on  tho  N.  coast  of  Java, 
into  which  falls  a  rivor  of  the  same  name,  also  called 
Tjiliewong. 

Jakau,  a  town  of  India.     See  JncKOW. 

Jake's  Prairie,  a  post-oQice  of  Crawford  co.,  Mo. 

Jake's  Run,  a  post-oflSoc  of  Monongalia  co.,  W.  Ya. 

Jakhwa,  a  river  of  Siberia.     See  Yakhva. 

Jako,  yi'ko*,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Vcsiprim,  11 
miles  S.E.  of  Papa.     Pop.  1350. 

Jakobshavn,  y&'kobs-h5wn^,  a  village  or  Danish  set- 
tlement in  Greenland,  opposite  Disco  Island. 

Jakobstadt,  a  town  of  Kussia.     See  Jacobstad. 
-  Jakohalma,  y6h'ko^51'mCh\  a  village  of  Hungary, 
on  tho  Tarna,  about  4  miles  from  Jasz-Boreny.    Pop.  2588. 

Jakubjan,  yi^koob^yln',  or  Jakobsau,  yi'kob^sfiw^ 
a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Zips,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Leut- 
Bchau.     Pop.  2171. 

Jakuno  Sima,  Japan.    Soe  Yakoono  Sebha. 

Jakutsk,  a  town  of  Siberia.    See  Yakootsk. 

Jalacho,  or  Xalacho,  ni-U'cho,  a  village  of  Yuca- 
tan, on  the  main  road  between  Merida  and  Campeaohy. 

Jalalabad,  India.    See  Jblai.abad. 

Jalali,  a  town  of  India.    See  Julalee. 

Jalalpur,  India.     See  Julalpoor  and  Jelalpoor. 

Jalance,  or  Xalance,  B&-I&n'ch&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Valencia,  province  and  50  miles  W.S.W.  of  Valencia,  at 
tbe  confluence  of  tho  La  Hoz  with  the  Juoar.     Pop.  1694. 

Jalandhar,  India.    See  Jcllinder. 

Jalangi,  a  town  of  India.     See  Jellikght. 

Jalapa,  or  Xaiapa,  H&.-lfi,'p&,  a  city  of  Mextoo,  state 
and  44  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Vera  Cruz.  Pop.  about 
10,000.  It  is  beautifully  situated,  at  an  elevation  of  4340 
feet,  healthy  and  well  built.  The  principal  edifices  aro  the 
cathedral  and  several  other  churches,  and  the  vast  convent 
of  San  Francisco.  It  is  a  good  deal  resorted  to  by  invalids 
from  Vera  Cruz.  The  drug  jalap  grows  hero  wild,  and  de- 
rives its  name  from  this  city,  which  has  large  manufactures 
of  pottery,  leather,  and  cigars. 

Jalap'a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grand  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Mis- 
■issinewa  River,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Marion.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  planing-miU.     Pop.  150. 


Jalapa,  a  village  of  Newberry  co.,  B.C.,  on  tho  Lnnreng 
Railroad,  53  miles  N.W.  of  Columbia,  It  has  an  acadtaj 
and  2  churches. 

Jalapa,  a  post-haralct  of  Monroe  oo.,  Tonn.,  18  mUm 
E.  by  S.  of  Athens.     It  has  2  churches  and  no  academy. 

Jalawan,  a  province  of  Boloochistan.    See  JiiALAWAir< 

Jalgaon,  a  town  of  India.    Soo  Julgacu. 

Jalhay,  /.h&M4',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  19 
miles  K.S.E.  of  Liege.     Pop.  2200. 

Jali,  j&'loo,  a  town  of  Bengal,  MozufTerpoor  diitrioL 
about  10  miles  N.W.  of  Durbungah.     Pen.  6657. 

Jalisco, or  Xalisco,  R&-lec8'ko or  ii&-li8'ko, or  Gaa* 
dali^jara,  gw&-d&-l&-n&'rA,  a  maritime  state  of  Mexieq, 
bordering  on  the  Pacific,  between  lat.  18°  45'  and  24°  N, 
and  Ion.  lOl"  15'  and  106°  15'  W.  Area,  39,163  square 
miles.  It  is  one  of  the  finest  regions  of  Mexico.  The  B. 
portion,  although  traversed  by  the  Cordillera  of  Anahua& 
IS  extremely  fertile,  and  the  districts  near  the  const  are  cov- 
ered with  luxuriant  forests;  but  tho  olimnte  is  unhealthy. 
Jalisco  is  intersected  by  the  Rio  Grande  or  Santiago  and  ite 
numerous  affluents,  and  on  its  S.  side  has  the  largo  lake  of 
Chapala.     Capital,  Guadalajara.     Pop.  (1882)  983,484. 

Jalk,  j&lk,  a  town  in  the  sandy  desert  of  North  Beloo- 
ohistan.     Lat.  28°  20' N. ;  Ion.  66°  E. 

Jallais,  zh&ri&',  a  market-town  of  France,  in  Ma(M>' 
ct-Loire,  6  miles  E.  of  Beaupr6au.     Pop.  1316. 

Jallieu,  zh&rie-ch',  a  village  of  Franco,  in  Iiin^: 
arrondissement  of  La-Tour-du-Pin.     Pop.  2723.  < 

Jallore,  j&I-Ior',  or  Jahlore,  j&-10r',  a  town  of  India, 
dominions  and  65  miles  S.S.W.  of  Joodj)oor.  Pop.  15,000 
Its  fortress  is  the  strongest  in  this  part  of  India. 

Jalnah,  India.     See  Jaui.nah. 

Jaloinnitza,  y&-lom-nit's&,  a  river  of  Wallachia,  flowi 
generally  E.  past  Tergovist,  and  joins  the  Danube  on  tin 
left,  opposite  Hirschova.     Length,  140  miles. 

Jalon,  or  Xalon,  H&-lOn',  a  rivor  of  Spain,  joins  tfa*' 
Ebro  13  miles  above  Saragossa,  after  a  course  of  120  miles. 

Jalon,  or  Xalon,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Valencia,  prov- 
ince and  about  45  miles  N.E.  of  Alicante.     Pop.  3030. 

Jaroofs',  or  JaPotfs',  a  people  of  West  Africa,  dwell- 
ing between  the  Gambia  and  the  Senegal. 

Jaloun,  or  Jalaun,  j&-15wn',  a  town  of  India,  capital 
of  the  Jaloun  district,  65  miles  S.W.  of  Cawnpore.  PoOr 
14,242. 

Jaloun,  or  Jalaun,  a  district  in  the  Jhansee  division, 
British  Bundelcund,  India.  Area,  1553  square  miles.  Cap^' 
ital,  Jaloun.     Pop.  404,447. 

Jaloutrovosk,  a  town  of  Siberia.     See  Yalootrovosk.^ 

Jalovka,  yi-lov'k&,  a  market-town  of  Russian  Poland, 
government  and  40  miles  S.  of  Grodno.     Pop.  1000. 

Jalpigori,  a  district  of  Bengal.     Seo  Julpiooree. 

Jalpuch,  a  river  and  lake  of  Russia.     See  Yalpookr. 

Jalpushkov,  yil-poosh-kov',  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Po- 
dolia,  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Kamienieo.     Pop.  1500. 

Jalta,  a  town  of  Russia.     Seo  Yalta. 

Jalutrovosk,  Russia.     See  Yalootrovosk. 

Jama,  a  river  of  Siberia.    See  Yama. 

Jamaica,  ja-mi'ka  (Sp.  pron.  HA-mi'ki;  Fr.  Jama- 
Ique,  zhi^mi^eek'),  ono  of  the  Great  Antilles,  and  the  princi- 
pal of  the  British  West  India  Islands,  in  the  Caribbean  Sea, 
between  lat.  17°  40'  and  18°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  76°  15'  and  78° 
25'  W.,  about  90  miles  S.  of  Cuba,  Its  general  appearance 
is  extremely  beautiful.  On  the  N.  it  rises  into  hills  of  gentle 
ascent,  covered  with  pimento  groves  and  a  brilliant  verdure 
and  intersected  by  vales,  while  on  the  S.  it  presents  abrupt 
precipices  and  oliSs.  Length,  140  miles.  Area,  4250  square 
miles.  The  coast-line  is  500  miles  long,  and  is  indented 
with  a  great  number  of  excellent  harbors,  of  which  Port 
Royal,  or  tho  harbor  of  Kingston,  is  the  most  conRidcrable. 
The  island  is  traversed  by  lofty  mountains  in  all  directions, 
the  principal  chain,  called  the  Blue  Mountains,  occupying 
the  centre,  and  stretching  from  E.  to  W.,  with  a  sharp  crest 
from  7000  to  8000  feet  in  elevation.  The  declivities  are 
covered  with  stately  forests.  The  valleys  are  all  very  nar- 
row, not  more  than  a  twentieth  part  of  the  island  being 
level  ground.  The  principal  rivers  aro  tho  Minho,  Black, 
and  Cobre,  all  emptying  themselves  on  the  S.  coast.  Tho 
mountains  aro  of  calcareous  formation.  The  N.  side  of  tho 
island  is  reputed  to  be  the  more  healthy,  though  all  in- 
salubrity ceases  at  an  elevation  of  1400  feet.  The  rainy 
seasons  are  from  May  to  August  and  from  October  to  No- 
vember. Earthquakes  are  frequent ;  hurricanes  lees  so  than 
in  the  other  West  India  Islands.  The  soil  is  naturally  loss 
productive  than  in  mftny  of  the  West  India  Islands,  but 
most  of  tho  staple  products  of  tropical  climates  are  raised, 
sugar  being  the  chief.  Indigo,  cotton,  and  cacao  were  for- 
merly more  important  staples   than   at  present.     Maiie, 


JAM 


1493 


JAM 


'Suinea  corn,  and  rice  are  the  chief  grains  raised.  The 
plantain,  banana,  sweet  potato,  &o.,  compose  the  principal 
ifood  of  the  blacks.  Fine  fruits  are  plentiful.  Sunflower- 
seeds  are  raised  for  the  manufacture  of  oil.  The  other 
;  products  are  cinnamon,  fine  woods,  and  artificial  grasses. 
Live-stock  in  general  is  good,  as  well  as  numerous.  About 
seven-eighths  of  the  land  belong  to  private  individuals; 
estates  seldom  exceed  1200  acres,  and  have  become  more 
subdivided  since  the  epoch  of  slave-emancipation.  A  large 
part  of  the  soil  is  uncultivated. 

j     The  commerce  of  Jamaica  is  not  in  a  very  flourishing 
condition,  the  exports  having  fallen  oS"  considerably  the 
last  few  years.     Thej'  comprise  sugar,  rum,  coffee,  pimento, 
ginger,  arrowroot,   various  drugs,  logwood,  fustic,  lance- 
wood,  mahogany,   lignum-vitae,  ebony,  honey,  beos'-wax, 
cocoanuts,  and  oranges,  bananas,  and  other  fruits.      The 
iprineipal  ports  are  Kingston,  Montego  Bay,  and  Falmouth. 
Jamaica  is  divided  into  3  counties,  Middlesex,  Surrey, 
I  and  Cornwall,  and  subdivided  into  14  parishes.     The  gov- 
ernment is  vested  in  a  governor  and  a  council  nominated 
by  the  crown,  and  a  legislative  assembly  of  13  members. 
sThe  island  has  but  27  miles  of  railway. 
!     Besides  Spanish  Town,  the  old  capital,  and  Kingston,  the 
!  chief  port  and  present  seat  of  government,  the  island  con- 
'  tains  the  town  of  Port  Boyal,  on  its  S.  side,  and  the  mari- 
>.  time  villages  of  Lucea,  Montego  Bay,  Falmouth,  and  St. 
Ann's  on  its  N.  coast,  and  several  minor  ports.     Jamaica 
I  was  discovered  by  Columbus  in  1401,  colonized  by  Span- 
iards in  1510,  and  taken  by  the  English  in   1655.     The 

■  Maroons,  originally  runaway  slaves,  obtained  a  tract  of 

>  land  on  the  N.  side  of  the  island  in  1738,  on  which  they 

built  two  small  towns,  and,  with  the  exception  of  a  rebel- 

.  lion  in  1795,  have  remained  peaceable.     Since  the  aboli- 

■  tion  of  slavery  in  1833,  the  prosperity  of  Jamaica  has 
greatly  decreased.  In  1865  the  bliicks  rose  in  insurrection, 
which  was  promptly  suppressed,  and  with  it  the  old  system 
of  representative  government.     Of  late  many  Chinese  and 

^  coolies  are  employed  in  agriculture.    Pop.  in  1871,  506,154; 
in  1881,  580,804;  in  1891,  639,491,  mostly  colored. 
Jamaica,  ja-ma'ka,  a  post-hamlet  of  Glynn  co.,  6a., 
!  on  the  Brunswick  &  Albany  Kailroad,  16  miles  N.N.W.  of 

Brunswick.     It  has  2  churches. 

I      Jamaica,  a  post-village  of  Guthrie  co.,  Iowa,  2  miles 

!  by  rail  E.  of  Ilerndon,  and  15  miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Guthrie 

.  Centre.     It  has  3  churches,  a  public  school,  a  ncwspiiper 

I  ofiice,  and  cheese-,  broom-,  and  tile-factories.     Pop.  300. 

I      Jamaica,  a  post-village,  one  of  the  capitals  of  Queens 

'  CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Jamaica  township,  on  the  Long  Island  Rail- 

'  road,  at  the  junction  of  several  of  its  branches,  12  miles  E. 

I  of  Brooklyn,  and  about  4  miles  S.  of  Flushing.     It  contains 

9  churches,  the  Union  Hall  Academy,  Vienot's  Institute,  a 

bank,  a  savings-bank,  and  many  elegant  residences.    It  has 

3  weekly  newspaper  offices,  and  several  manufactures  of 

•  carriages.     Pop.  in  1880,  3922;  in  1890,  5361. 

Jamaica,  a  post-village  of  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  in  Ja- 
maica township,  on  West  River,  about  40  miles  S.  by  E. 
of  Rutland.      It  has  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  3 
;  churches,  and  manufactures  of  chairs,  leather,  shoes,  <tc. 
'■  Pop.  of  the  township,  1223. 
,      Jamaica,  a  post-office  of  Middlesex  co.,  Va. 
,      Jamaica  Plain,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  co.,  Mass., 
i  within  the  limits  of  Boston,  on  the  Boston  &  Providence 
j  Railroad,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Boston.     It  is  in  the  23d  ward 
i  of  that  city.     It  has  6  churches,  a  convent,  a  newspaper 
:  office,  a  public  library,  a  high  school,  and  the  Eliot  School. 
I  Here  are  numerous  fine  residences.     The  Jamaica  Plain 
f  post-office  is  a  branch  of  the  Boston  post-office. 
i      Jamaique,  West  Indies.    See  Jamaica. 
I      Jamaja,  an  island  in  the  Eastern  Sea.    See  Djimaja. 
'      Jamallabad,  a  town  of  India.    See  Jemalabad. 
\      Jamalpur,  a  town  of  India.     See  Jumalpoor. 
I      Jamaltica,  ni-m^l-tee'ki,  a  ruined   town   of  Hon- 
I  duras,  20  miles  N.  of  Comayagua,  with  prehistoric  remains 
!  of  much  interest. 

•  Jamari,  zhi-mi're,  or  Candeas,  kJn-di'is,  a  river 
!  of  Brazil,  falls  into  the  Madeira  about  lat.  8°  40'  S.  and 

Ion.  63°  20'  W.,  after  a  N.W.  course  of  about  300  miles. 
Jambes,  or  Jambe,  zhfijrb,  a  village  of  Belgium,  on 
:   the  Meuse,  opposite  Namur.     Pop.  1500. 

Jambi,  or  Jambee,  yim'be,  a  town  of  Sumatra,  130 
I  miles  N.N.W.  of  Palembang,  extends  for  J  of  a  mile  on  both 
Bides  of  the  Jambi  River.  Pop.  3000.  It  exports  benzoin, 
dragons'-blood,  and  rattans  to  Singapore,  and  has  manu- 
factures of  opium  and  salt.  In  and  around  it  many  Hindoo 
tculptures  have  been  discovered.  It  is  the  capital  of  the 
lultanate  of  Jambi,  under  Dutch  supremacy. 
Jambo,  Arabia.    See  Yembo. 


Jamboli,  Eastern  Roumelia.    See  Yamboli. 

Jambootee,  jam-boo'tee,  a  fortified  town  of  British 
India.     Lat.  15°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  74°  22'  E. 

Jambsar*  or  Jambusar,  India.    See  Jumboseer. 

Jamburg,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Yambooro. 

James,  a  county  of  East  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of 
about  210  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the 
Tennessee  River.  The  surface  is  hilly.  The  soil  is  partly 
fertile.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  East  Tennessee, 
Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad.  Capital,  Ooltewah.  Pop.  in 
1880,  6187;  in  1890,4903. 

James,  a  post-hamkt  of  Plymouth  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Dubuque  <fc  Sioux  City  Railroad,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Sioux  City. 

James,  a  township  of  Pottawattamie  co.,  Iowa.     P.  193. 

James,  a  township  of  Stone  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  447. 

James  Bayou,  bi'oo,  a  post-village  of  Mississippi  co., 
Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad. 
It  has  3  churches  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  of  James  Bayoa 
township,  361. 

Jamesburg,  jamz-burg,  a  post-office  of  Sedgwick  co., 
Kansas,  9  miles  W.  of  AVichita. 

Jamesburg,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Monroe  township,  on  the  Freehold  &  Jamesburg  Railroad 
and  the  Camden  &  Amboy  Railroad,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Free- 
hold, and  20  miles  N.E.  of  Bordentown.  It  has  a  national 
bank,  a  church,  an  academy,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  shirt-fac- 
tory which  employs  about  100  hands. 

James  City,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Virginia. 
Area,  estimated  at  140  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.E.  by  the  Y'ork  River,  on  the  S.  by  the  James  River,  and 
on  the  W.  by  the  Chickahominy.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating. Maize,  wheat,  and  grass  arc  the  staples.  Capital, 
Williamsburg.  The  first  place  at  which  the  English  began 
to  settle  in  the  United  States  was  Jamestown,  in  this  county. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad.  Pop. 
in  1870,  4425;  in  1880,  5422;  in  1890,  5643. 

James  City,  a  hamlet,  Virginia.     See  Leon. 

James  Creek,  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.  See  MARKLESBuno. 

James'  Crossing,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Kansas, 
on  Soldier  Creek,  12  miles  W.  of  Ilolton. 

James  Fork  of  White  River  drains  parts  of  Webster 
and  Greene  cos..  Mo.,  runs  southward  through  Christian  co., 
and  enters  the  White  River  in  the  S.  part  of  Stone  co.  It 
is  about  100  miles  long. 

James  Fork,  a  hamlet  of  Sebastian  co.,  Ark.,  about  20 
miles  S.  of  Fort  Smith.     Coal  is  found  here. 

James  Island,  in  Charleston  co.,  S.C,  one  of  the  sea- 
island  chain,  has  James  Island  Creek  on  the  landward  side, 
and  is  bounded  N.  by  Ashley  River  and  Charleston  harbor. 
Pop.  1808. 

James  Island,  one  of  the  Galapagos  Islands,  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Albemarle  Island,  50  miles 
in  length  by  20  miles  across.  It  is  mountainous,  and  has 
the  inlet  of  James  Bay  at  its  W.  extremity. 

Jameson,  ja'm^-s^n,  a  post- village  of  Daviess  oo.,  Mo., 
in  Grand  River  township,  near  Grand  River,  and  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Chillicothe  &  Omaha  Railroad,  31  miles  N.W.  of  Chil- 
licothe.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  furniture, 
<fec.     It  is  an  important  shipping-point. 

James  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  in  lat.  39"  51'  10" 
N.,  Ion.  105°  41'  9"  W.,  about  10  miles  from  Central  City. 
It  has  an  altitude  of  13,283  feet  above  sea-level. 

Jamesport,  jamz'port,  a  post-village  of  Daviess  co., 
Mo.,  on  the  Southwestern  Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Rock 
Island  A  Pacific  Railroad,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Gallatin.  It  has 
a  church,  a  bank,  a  grist-mill,  and  6  stores.  , 

Jamesport,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Riverhead  township^  on  the  N.W.  shore  of  Great  Peconie 
Bay,  and  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  80  miles  E.  of  Brook- 
lyn, and  5  miles  E.  of  Riverhead.  It  has  2  or  3  churches 
and  several  summer  boarding-houses. 

James  River,  North  Dakota.     See  Dakota  River. 

James  River,  of  Missouri,  flows  through  Greene  ci>., 
and  enters  the  White  River  in  Taney  co. 

James  River,  of  Virginia,  called  by  the  Indians  Pow- 
hatan, and  named  by  the  English  in  honor  of  James  I.,  is 
formed  by  Jackson's  and  Cowpasture  Rivers,  which  unite 
near  the  N.  extremity  of  Botetourt  co.  It  runs  eastward 
through  the  S.  part  of  Rockbridge  co.,  and  effects  a  passage 
through  the  Blue  Ridge  at  Balcony  Falls,  the  scenery  of 
which  is  very  picturesque.  It  runs  thence  southeiistward  to 
Lynchburg,  below  which  it  flows  northeastward  and  forms 
the  boundary  between  the  counties  of  Appomattox  and  Buck- 
ingham on  the  right  and  Amherst  and  Nelson  on  the  lefl 
hand.  From  Scottsville  it  pursues  an  E.S.E.  direction  to 
Richmond  City,  where  it  rushes  and  tumbles  over  granite 
rocks  and  meets  the  tide  about  150  miles  from  the  ocean. 


JAM 


1494 


JAM 


Below  this  oity  it  runs  loutheiuitwKrd  with  a  very  tortuous 
•ourM,  and  gnulually  expands  into  an  estuary  which  is 
more  than  50  miles  lon^  nnd  at  some  places  is  nearly  5  miles 
wide.  This  estuary  ooinmuniuatos  with  Chesapeake  Bay 
through  Uauiptun  Koads.  The  main  river  is  about  450 
tnile*  long.  Large  steamboats  can  ascend  it  to  City  Point, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Appomattox.  The  James  River  Canal 
follows  the  windinj^s  of  this  river,  and  extends  from  Kioh- 
mond  to  the  White  Sulphur  Springs. 

James's  (jimi'^z,  always  pronounced  in  two  syllables) 
Bay*  the  southern  part  of  Hudson's  Bay,  between  lut.  51° 
and  65°  N.  and  Ion.  70°  and  82°  30'  W.  It  is  nearly  300 
miles  long  N.  and  S.,  and  175  miles  wide.  It  encloses  nu- 
merous islands. 

Jamestown,  jimz'tSwn,  a  village  of  Ireland,  oo.  of 
Leitriui,  on  the  Shannon,  2i  miles  S.E.  of  Carriok. 

Jamestown,  a  village  of  Scotland,  oo.  of  Dumfries,  0 
miles  N.W.  of  Langholm.     Pop.  1103. 

Jamestown,  a  small  town  on  the  W.  side  of  the  island 
of  Burbadoes. 

James  Town,  the  capital  town  of  St.  Helena,  is  on 
the  N.W.  coast  of  the  island.  It  has  a  harbor  well  protected 
by  strong  batteries,  a  spacious  parade  lined  with  official 
residences,  and  a  handsome  church.  Streets  branch  from 
this  area,  and  on  the  heights  around  the  town  are  the  houses 
of  the  principal  inhabitants,  among  which  is  Plantation 
House,  occupied  by  the  governor.     See  Saint  Helena. 

Jamestown,  jumz'tSwn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co., 
Ark.,  25  miles  S.  of  Little  Rock.     It  has  a  church. 

Jamestown,  a  post- village  of  Tuolumne  co.,  Cal.,  about 
50  miles  B.  of  Stockton.  Here  are  gold-mines.  It  has  2 
churches,  and  a  manufactory  of  brandy  and  wine. 

Jamestown,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Boulder 
00.,  Col.,  is  10  miles  from  Long's  Peak,  and  15  miles  N.W. 
of  Boulder.     Gold  and  silver  are  mined  here. 

Jamestown,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Stutsman  co., 
N.D.,  on  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  94  miles  W.  of 
Moorhead,  Minn.  It  is  on  the  James  (or  Jacques)  River, 
near  the  Fort  Seward  Reservation. 

Jamestown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chattahoochee  co.,  Ga., 
2  miles  E.  of  the  Chattahoochee  River,  and  18  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Columbus.     It  has  a  high  school. 

Jamestown,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  III.,  on  Big 
Shoal  Creek,  about  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Belleville.  It  has  a 
church.    Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  120. 

Jamestown,  a  post-village  of  Boone  oo.,  Ind.,  in 
Jackson  township,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  & 
Western  Railroad,  27  miles  W  .N.W.  of  Indianapolis.  It 
has  3  churches,  2  flouring-mills,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  stave- 
factory. 

Jamestown,  a  village  of  Steuben  co.,  Ind.,  in  James- 
town township,  on  Lake  George,  8  or  9  miles  N.  of  Angola. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill.  The  name  of  its  post- 
office  is  Crooked  Creek.     Pop.  of  the  township,  779. 

Jamestown,  a  township  of  Howard  co.,  Iowa.    P.  389. 

Jamestown,  a  post-office  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas. 

Jamestown,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Russell  co.,  Ky., 
about  95  miles  S.  of  Frankfort.  It  has  a  court-house,  <fcc. 
Pop.  138. 

Jamestown,  a  hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Mich.,  in  Penn 
township,  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Lake  Huron  Railroad,  about  6 
miles  N.E.  of  Cassopolis.  It  has  2  churches  and  1  or  2 
wagon^shops.     Pop.  about  120.     Here  is  Penn  Post-Office. 

Jamestown,  a  post-hamlct  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Jamei<town  township,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Grand  Rapids.  The 
township  has  forests  of  hard  timber,  and  a  pop.  of  1806. 

Jamestown,  a  township  of  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn. 
Pop.  447. 

Jamestown,  a  post-village  of  Moniteau  co..  Mo.,  5 
miles  W.  of  the  Missouri  River,  and  about  20  miles  S.E. 
of  Booneville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flouring-mill,  a  saw- 
mill, and  a  plough-factory.     Pop.  about  300. 

Jamestown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dodge  co.,  Neb.,  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Fremont. 

Jamestown,  a  handsome  city  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y., 
at  the  junction  of  several  railroads,  and  on  the  navigable 
oatk't  of  Chautauqua  Lake,  27  miles  E.N.E.  of  Corry,  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Mayville,  and  69  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Buffalo. 
It  is  finely  situated  on  the  hill-sides,  2  miles  from  the 
beautiful  Chautauqua  Lake,  which  is  a  favorite  summer 
resort.  It  contains  16  churches,  4  national  banks,  a  state 
bank,  the  Jamestown  High  School,  16  hotels,  and  numerous 
and  extensive  manufactories,  embracing  textile  fabrics, 
boots  and  shoes,  furniture,  axes  and  other  edge-tools,  pianos, 
iron  fabrics,  brooms,  shirts,  knitted  and  worsted  goods,  fla- 
voring extracts,  <tc.  Three  daily  and  7  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.     In  the  season  numerous  steamboats 


ply  between  this  place  and  the  head  of  the  lake.  Th« 
Chautauqua  Outlet  here  furnishes  water-power,  which  ii 
employed  in  flouring-mills  and  other  mills.  Pup.  in  1870, 
6336;  in  1880,  9357;  in  1890,  16,038. 

Jamestown,  a  post-village  of  Guilford  oo.,  N.C.,  v^ 
Deep  River,  1  mile  from  the  railroad  which  connects  GrMiu> 
borough  with  Salisbury,  10  miles  S.W.  of  the  former,  ft 
has  a  church,  an  academy,  a  cotton-factory,  and  several 
nurseries.  Gold  and  copper  are  said  to  be  found  near  it. 
Pop.  of  Jamestown  township,  1539. 

Jamestown,  a  township  of  McDowell  oo.,  N.C.    P.  412. 

Jamestown,  a  hamlet  of  Rutherford  co.,  N.C,  IS 
miles  from  Marion.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill, 

Jamestown,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  0.,  in  Silvsr 
Creek  township,  about  62  miles  N.E.  of  Cincinnati,  and  28 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Dayton.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  a  manufactory  of  furniture.     P.  877. 

Jamestown,  Lycoming  co..  Pa.    See  Okiole. 

Jamestown,  a  post-borough  of  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Shenango  River,  and  on  the  Erie  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  60 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Erie,  42  miles  N.  of  New  Castle,  and  21 
miles  S.W.  of  Mcadville.  It  is  the  W.  terminus  of  tha 
Jamestown  A,  Franklin  Railroad,  and  a  branch  of  the  Lake 
Shore  Railroad  connects  it  with  Ashtabula,  0.  It  has  i 
churches,  a  savings-bank,  1  other  bank,  a  newspaper  offioei 
a  seminary,  2  planing-mills,  4  saw-mills,  a  flour-mill,  and 
manufactures  of  engines,  machinery,  <fcc.     Pop.  (1890)  822. 

Jamestown,  a  post-office  of  Newport  co.,  R.I.,  in 
Jamestown  township,  on  Canonicut  Island,  4  miles  W.  by 
N.  of  Newport.     Pop.  of  the  township,  488. 

Jamestown,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Fentress  oo., 
Tenn.,  about  70  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Knoxville. 

Jamestown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smith  go.,  Tex.,  about 
20  miles  E.  of  Tyler.     It  has  a  church. 

Jamestown,  a  ruined  village  of  James  City  co.,  Va., 
on  the  N.  bank  of  the  James  River,  about  45  miles  N.W. 
of  Norfolk.  It  was  settled  by  the  English  in  1608,  and  wai 
the  first  place  settled  in  the  United  States  by  that  nation. 

Jamestown,  a  post-office  of  James  City  co.,  Va. 

Jamestown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co.,  Wis.,  in 
Jamestown  township,  about  8  miles  N.E.  of  Dubuque^ 
Iowa.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  2  stores.  The  township  it 
bounded  W.  by  the  Mississippi,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1194. 

James'ville,  a  post-hamlct  of  Yankton  co.,  S.D.,  on 
the  Dakota  River,  15  miles  N.  of  Yankton. 

Jamesvilie,  a  village  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  tha 
Boston  <fc  Albany  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Worcester. 

Jamesvilie,  a  post-village  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
De  Witt  township,  on  the  Syracuse,  Binghamton  <tk  New 
York  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  3  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  flour,  plaster,  water-lime  or  cement, 
and  sash  and  blinds.     Pop.  402. 

Jamesvilie,  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.    See  Middle  Ghove. 

Jamesvilie,  a  post-village  of  Martin  co.,  N.C,  in 
Jamesvilie  township,  on  the  Roanoke  River,  and  on  the 
Jamesvilie  <fc  Washington  Railroad,  about  54  miles  N.  of 
New-Berne.  It  has  5  churches,  a  saw-mill,  and  valuable 
herring-fisheries.  Steamboats  ply  regularly  between  James- 
vilie and  Norfolk,  Va.     Pop.  150;  of  the  township,  2530. 

Jam  ghaut,  j&m^gawt',  in  India,  is  a  remarkable  pass 
across  the  Vindhyan  Mountains,  30  miles  S.  of  Indore,  with 
an  elevation  of  2328  feet. 

Jamilena,  or  Xamilena,  n&-me-l^'n&,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Andalusia,  7  miles  from  Jaen.     Pop.  1772. 

Jamiltepec,  Mexico.    See  Xamiltepec. 

Ja'mison,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chilton  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
South  &  North  Alabama  Railroad,  51  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Montgomery.  It  has  2  churches,  2  steam  saw-mills,  and  a 
plough-factory. 

Jamison,  a  station  in  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Bufi"alo, 
New  York  &  Philadelphia  Railroad,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Buffalo. 

Jamison,  a  station  in  Forest  oo..  Pa.,  on  the  Pitts- 
burg, Titusville  &  Buffalo  Railroad,  2  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Tionesta. 

Jamnay,  ylm'nl,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  35  miles  from 
Leitomischl.     Pop.  1152. 

Jamnitz,  y&m'nits,  a  town  of  Moravia,  25  miles  N.W. 
of  Znaim.     It  has  silver-  and  lead-mines.     Pop.  2651. 

Jamoigne,  zhi^mw3,n',  a  village  of  Belgium,  on  tha 
Semoy,  18  miles  W.  of  Arlon.     Pop.  1250. 

Jamo'nia,  a  post-office  of  Leon  co.,  Fla.,  18  miles  S. 
of  Thomasville,  Ga. 

Jamoo,  a  town  and  country  of  India.    See  Jummoo. 

Jampol,  or  lampol.     See  Yampol. 

Jam^poor',  or  Jaimpoor,  jam'poor',  a  town  of  India, 
district  and  40  miles  S.  of  Dera  Gbazc^  Khan.     Pop.  7790 


JAM 


1495 


JAP 


Jamrood,  jimVood',  a  small  town  of  India,  10  miles 
W.  of  Peshawer,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Khyber  Pass. 

jainxa;^  yim'sd,  a  town  of  Finland,  laen  and  64  miles 
N.X.E.  of  Tavastehuus.     Pop.  1000. 

Jamsk,  a  town  of  Siberia.    See  Yamsk. 

Jam'ton,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  oo.,  0. 

Jamu.    See  Juumoo. 

Jamui,  a  town  of  India.     See  Jumooee. 

Jamu-Kandi,  a  town  of  Bengal.    See  Kandt. 

Jamiishli,  j4-moosh'lee  (?),  a  large  village  of  Russian 
Armenia,  on  the  river  Kars. 

Jana,  a  river  of  Siberia.    See  Yana. 

Janal,  ni-nir,  a  post-hamlet  of  San  Diego  co.,  Cal., 
about  20  miles  S.E.  of  San  Diego. 

Jan'alus'ka,  or  Jun^alus'ka,  a  post-office  of  Jack- 
son CO.,  N.C. 

Janat,  a  town  of  West  Africa.    See  Ganat. 

Jandrala,  jan-dri'li,  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Amritsir 
district.     Pop.  6975. 

Janeiro,  Rio  de,  a  city  of  Brazil.    See  Rio  Janeiro. 

Jane  Island,  one  of  the  Carolines,  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean.     Lat.  7°  33'  N.;  Ion.  155°  3'  E. 

Janelew,  jan^loo',  a  post-village  of  Lewis  co.,  W.  Va., 
16  miles  S.  of  Clarksburg.  It  has  a  church,  a  pottery,  a 
tannery,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Jane's  (or  Jayne's)  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ran- 
dolph CO.,  Ark.,  30  miles  N.W.  of  AValnut  Ridge.  It  has  a 
church  and  an  academy. 

Janesville,  janz'vil,  a  village  of  Lassen  co.,  Cal.,  on 
Honey  Lake,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Susanville.  It  has  a 
church,  stores,  and  a  masonic  hall.     Pop.  of  township,  441. 

Janesville,  a  hamlet  of  Shasta  co.,  Cal.,  16  miles  from 
Cottonwood  Railroad  Station.    Hero  is  Gas  Point  Post-Office. 

Janesville,  or  Jaynesville,  a  post-village  of  Bremer 
CO.,  Iowa,  in  Jackson  township,  on  the  Cedar  River,  and  on 
the  Cedar  Falls  &  Minnesota  Branch  of  the  Illinois  Central 
Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Waverly.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
graded  school,  and  a  large  flour-mill. 

Janesville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Janesville  township, 
Greenwood  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  South  Fork  of  the  Verdigris 
River,  about  32  miles  S.  of  Emporia.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 404. 

Janesville,  a  post-village  of  Waseca  oo.,  Minn.,  in 
Janesville  township,  at  the  S.  end  of  Elysian  Lake,  and  on 
the  AVinona  &  St.  Peter  Railroad,  13  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Man- 
kato,  and  about  27  miles  S.W.  of  Faribault.  It  has  a 
graded  school,  3  churches,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop. 
in  1880,  1021;  in  1890,  921. 

Janesville,  a  village  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.,  about  20 
miles  N.  of  Altoona.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Smith's  Mills. 

Janesville,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Rock  co..  Wis.,  is 
finely  situated  on  both  sides  of  Rock  River,  and  on  the 
Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  and  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St. 
Paul  Railroads,  70  miles  W.S.W.  of  Milwaukee,  13  miles 
N.  of  Beloit,  and  91  miles  N.W.  of  Chicago.  It  is  mostly 
built  on  a  small  plain  or  level  space  between  the  river  and 
the  blufis,  which  are  about  100  feet  higher  than  the  river, 
here  crossed  by  2  dams  and  afibrding  some  2000  horse- 
power for  the  mills.  It  contains  a  court-house  which  cost 
$125,000,  13  churches,  2  national  banks,  a  savings-bank,  a 
high  school,  a  state  institution  for  the  education  of  the 
blind,  with  about  100  pupils,  2  large  cotton -factories  with 
700  looms,  2  woollen-factories,  7  flouring-mills,  several  ma- 
chine-shops, foundries,  and  manufactories  of  reapers  and 
mowers,  farming-implements,  carriages,  boots,  shoes,  <fcc. 
Two  daily  and  5  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 
Pop.  in  1880,  9018;  in  1890,  10,836. 

Jangipur,  a  town  of  Bengal.    See  Jungeypoob. 

Janik,  ji^neek'  or  ji'nik',  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  prov- 
ince of  Seevas,  on  the  Yeshil-Irmak. 

Janikul,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Yenikale. 

Janjan  Bure,  Africa.    See  MacCarthy  Island. 

Janjero,  jin-je-ro',  a  country  of  Northeast  Africa,  S.  of 
Abyssinia.     Principal  town,  Janjero. 

Janjowla,  jin-jow'li,  or  Gaiyooly,  gin-joo'Iee,  a 
town  of  India,  57  miles  W.  of  BeeJer. 

Jankovacz,  yon'koVS.ts',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Bacs,  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Zombor.     Pop.  7890. 

Jan«Mayen,  yin-mi'en,  written  also  Jean-Mayen, 
an  island  of  the  Arctic  Ocean.  Lat.  70"  29'  N. ;  Ion.  7°  31' 
W.  On  its  N.  extremity  are  the  Beerenberg  Mountain,  and 
the  Esk,  a  volcano. 

Jan'ney,  a  station  in  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  North 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  (Delaware  Branch),  19  miles  N.E. 
of  Philadelphia. 

Janniua,  a  town  of  European  Turkey.    See  Yanisa. 


Janopol,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Yanopol. 

Janosda,  ya,'noshM5h\  a  village  of  Hungary,  oo,  of 
Bihar,  near  Sarkad.     Pop.  1330. 

Janoshaza,  yi'nosh^hi'zSh^  a  town  of  Hungary,  oo. 
of  Eisenburg,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Sumegh.     Pop.  2240. 

Janov,  or  Janow,  Russia.    See  Yanot. 

Janow,  vi'nov,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  on  a  lake, 
11  miles  N.W.  of  Lemberg.     Pop.  2018. 

Janow,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  24  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Tarnopol,  on  an  island  in  the  Sered.     Pop.  2052. 

Jansdorf,  yins'donf,  or  Johnsdorf,  yons'donf,  a 
village  of  Bohemia,  8  miles  from  Leitomischl.     Pop.  1420. 

Jan'sen's  Creek,  of  Columbia  oo.,  N.Y.,  forms  part 
of  the  boundary  between  Columbia  and  Dutchess  cos.,  and 
falls  into  the  Hudson  River  about  4  miles  S.  of  Catskill. 

Jansi,  a  town  of  India.    Sec  Jransee. 

Jansuth,  or  Jansut,  jan'silt,  a  town  of  India,  dis- 
trict of  Mozufi"ernuggur,  23  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Meerut.  Pop. 
6121. 

Jantra,  or  lantra,  yin'trS,,  a  river  of  Bulgaria,  after 
a  N.  course  of  75  miles,  joins  the  Danube  13  miles  E.  of 
Sistova. 

Jan-tse-Kiang,  China.    See  Yang-tse-Kiang. 

Januaria,  zh3,-noo-3,'re-i,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  Minas- 
Geraes,  150  miles  N.  of  Minas-Novas.    Pop.  of  district,  600. 

Januchpol,  or  Janutzpol.    See  Yanooshpoi.. 

Janville,  zh5NoVeel',  a  town  of  France,  in  Eure-et- 
Loir,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Chartres.     Pop.  1323. 

Janz6,  zh6N»'zi',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ille-et-Vilaine, 
13  miles  S.E.  of  Rennes.     Pop.  1636. 

Japan,  j4-p4n',  called  Niphon,  nip'hon',  Nippon', 
or  Dai  (dl)  Nippon,  by  the  Japanese  (L.  Japo'nia ;  Fr. 
Japan,  zh4^p6No' ;  Sp.  Japan,  ni-pon' ;  Dutch,  Japan,  yi- 
p&n';  Ger.  Japan,  yi'pin),  an  insular  empire  of  Asia, 
composed  of  the  large  islands  of  Hondo,  Kioo-Sioo,  Shiko- 
ku,  and  Jesso,  and  a  great  number  of  smaller  ones  of  various 
dimensions.  With  its  dependencies,  the  Kooril,  Loo-Choo, 
and  Benin  Islands,  it  is  said  to  comprise,  in  all,  3850  islands, 
islets,  or  rocks,  situated  between  lat.  31°  and  46°  N.  and 
Ion.  129°  and  149°  E.,  having  W.  the  Strait  of  Corea  and  the 
Sea  of  Japan,  and  on  other  sides  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Area, 
155,520  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1887,  40,072,020.  These 
islands,  especially  Hondo  and  Kioo-Sioo,  are  extremely 
irregular  in  shape,  their  coasts  much  indented,  and  surface 
very  uneven.  There  are  many  mountains  which  have  been 
or  are  actively  volcanic ;  the  chief  of  these,  Fooseeyama, 
near  Yokohama,  the  sacred  mountain  of  Japan,  is  12,440  feet 
high.  The  rivers  are  numerous,  and  generally  wide  at  their 
mouths,  but  their  courses  are  short,  and  they  are  not  navi- 
gable for  many  miles  inland.  Of  the  lakes,  the  principal 
appears  to  be  Oits  Mitsoo,  in  the  S.  of  Hondo,  regarded  by 
the  Japanese  with  superstitious  reverence.  The  interior  of 
Japan  remains  to  a  large  extent  unexplored  by  Europeans, 
although  latterly  several  journeys  t^ve  been  made  in  the 
neighborhood  of  Tokio  and  Kioto. 

In  a  country  extending  over  1 5°  of  latitude,  the  climate  is 
so  varied  that  almost  every  province  has  different  products; 
it  is  in  general  mild  and  healthy,  but  hurricanes  and  earth- 
quakes are  frequent.  The  soil  is  extremely  fertile  in  Kioo- 
Sioo,  Shikoku,  and  the  southern  parts  of  Hondo;  elsewhere 
it  is  not  so  fertile,  but  it  is  very  carefully  cultivated.  Japan 
is  a  cotton-producing  country,  and  the  soil  is  favorable  to 
its  growth.  Other  products  are  in  great  variety  ;  the  chief 
are  rice,  potatoes,  gourds,  numerous  fruits  common  in 
Southern  Europe,  silk,  hemp,  ginger,  tobacco,  tea  in  large 
quantity,  oak,  maple,  ironwood,  cypress,  fir  timber,  varnish, 
camphor,  and  the  bean  from  which  soy  is  made.  Cattle- 
rearing  is  unimportant;  buffaloes  and  oxen  are  used  only  fof 
draught,  and  sheep  are  few.  Fish  abound  on  the  coasts ; 
pearls  and  ambergris  are  obtained.  In  some  rural  arts  the 
Japanese  are  unequalled,  such  as  the  dwarfing  of  forest 
trees  and  raising  bulbous  roots  of  an  enormous  size.  Rice 
and  radishes  are  extensively  used  as  food.  In  manufac- 
turing industry  generally  they  equal  the  Chinese,  and  their 
sword-blades  and  other  metallio  goods,  silk  and  cotton 
fabrics,  porcelain,  lacquered  and  japanned  wares,  and 
paper,  are  particularly  excellent.  Within  the  last  few 
years  Japan  has  made  unparalleled  progress  in  civilization 
and  the  adoption  of  Western  manners  and  customs.  The 
feudal  system,  under  which  the  country  was  governed  by 
numerous  lords,  was  abolished  in  1871,  and  the  Mikado 
became  absolutely  the  sovereign  of  the  state.  The  Mikado 
is  frequently  addressed  as  the  Tenno,  or  "  Son  of  Heaven," 
and  also  as  Kwotei,  or  Emperor,  The  empire,  which  was 
formerly  excluded  from  intercourse  with  other  countries, 
is  now  open  to  foreign  commerce ;  consuls  are  appointed, 
and  are  allowed  to  visit  the  interior  of  the  country  under 


CA9 


1496 


JAR 


certain  almoat  nominal  r«strioUoQ(.  The  new  onrrenoj  %ni 
ooioage  Are  made  to  harmoniie  more  or  lew  witli  those  of 
EurojM  and  the  United  States.  The  yen  oorrc.'<|>on(ls  to  a 
dollar,  and  it  represented  both  in  silver  and  in  gold.  The 
trn-jmt  piece  in  gold  is  modified  so  as  to  equal  the  British 
■orereign.  The  hundredth  part  of  the  yen  is  called  sen, 
and  there  are  silver  coins  of  the  value  of  five,  ton,  twenty, 
and  fifty  scnK,  nnd  gold  ooins  of  two,  five,  ten,  an<i  twenty 
^ens.  The  gold  is  uhiclly  obtained  from  the  gold-fields  of 
Sado,  which  have  been  worked  for  centuries.  A  regular 
postal  service  has  been  cstubliMhed  between  the  principal 
towns.  Hundreds  of  miles  of  telegraph-wires  have  been 
Mtablished,  luid  several  linos  of  railway  are  in  operation. 
Coal  exists  in  many  localities,  and  iron  ores  are  also  plenti- 
ful, as  well  as  petroleum,  copper,  kaolin,  gold,  silver,  lead, 
tin,  sulphur,  antimony,  quicksilver,  salt,  &o.  Numerous 
light-houses  have  been  erected.  There  is  an  efTootive  system 
of  public  instruction.  There  is  a  university  at  Tokio,  as 
also  a  normal  school  for  the  training  of  teachers.  The  uni- 
Teraity  is  not  strictly  a  university,  but  rather  a  collection 
of  colleges.  Several  of  these  have  been  opened, — such  as 
the  college  of  meilicine,  the  engineering  college,  and  a  naval 
college;  and  others  will  be  started  at  an  early  period.  The 
old  Japanese  calendar,  the  era  of  which  commenced  with 
the  accession  of  the  first  of  the  Mikados,  has  been  aban- 
doned in  favor  of  the  European  calendar. 

On  March  31,  1854,  a  general  convention  of  peace  and 
amity  was  signed  between  Japan  and  the  United  States,  by 
which  the  ports  of  Simoda  and  Ilakodadi  were  opened  to 
the  ships  of  the  latter  for  trade  and  protection.  It  was  not 
tin  November,  1365,  that  the  different  treaties  entered  into 
with  the  trading  nations  of  Europe  and  America  wore  rati- 
fied by  a  decree  of  the  Mikado,  who  had  refused  to  fulfil 
the  obligations  which  the  Japanese  government  had  under- 
taken. The  number  of  ports  now  fully  open  to  foreign  trade  is 
sis, — Kanagawa  with  Yokohama,  lliogo,  Osaka,  Nagasaki, 
Hakodadi,  and  Nce-e-gata.  Tokio  has  also,  since  1865,  been 
thrown  open,  under  certain  restrictions,  to  foreigners.  The 
imports  consist  chiefly  of  cotton  and  woollen  manufactures, 
rice,  sugar,  cotton,  <&c.,  and  arms  and  ammunition;  the 
exports  are  mainly  raw  silk,  silk-worms'  eggs,  and  tea. 

The  government  is  despotic.  Since  the  year  1869,  the 
emperor  or  Mikado  has  chosen  to  act  through  an  executive 
ministry,  the  members  of  which  are  to  a  great  extent  re- 
sponsible advisers  of  the  crown.  Previously  the  govern- 
ment had  been  for  many  years  practically  in  the  hands  of 
a  line  of  hereditary  «Ao(/«n»,  or  ministers;  and  these  had 
come  to  be  regarded  as  a  kind  of  temporal,  as  the  Mikado 
was  the  spiritual  sovereign.  The  government  is  conducted 
by  the  Sosai,  a  kind  of  premier,  who  is  assisted  by  council- 
lors, who  constitute  an  upper  and  a  lower  chamber  and  whose 
duty  it  is  to  deliberate  upon  the  affairs  of  the  nation.  The 
upper  chamber  is  called  Gijio,  and  is  a  supreme  council 
oonsisting  of  10  menders.  The  Sanjo,  or  lower  chamber, 
is  formed  of  20  members.  There  is  also  a  house  of  repre- 
sentatives, composed  of  276  members.  These  members  are 
elected  for  four  years,  one-half  of  whom  retire  every  two 
years,  but  may  be  re-elected.  The  army  is  composed  of 
about  35,000  officers  and  men.  The  navy  comprises  17 
vessels,  including  2  iron-clads.  Japan  is  divided  into  72 
governments,  the  governors  of  which  are  termed  dai-mio 
("  high-named"),  and  hold  their  offices  direct  from  the  sov- 
ereign. The  laws  are  very  rigorous ;  many  popular  rights 
and  customs,  however,  exist,  and  the  Japanese  are  less  cor- 
ruptly governed  and  loss  shackled  by  ancient  usages  than 
the  Chinese.  The  system  of  municipal  government  in  the 
cities  is  apparently  efficient.  The  ancient  religion  is  Sin- 
toism,  the  priests  of  which  are  said  to  be  descended  from 
the  sun  ;  it  has  always  been  the  state  religion.  The  major- 
ity of  the  population  are  adherents  of  Booddhism,  introduced 
into  Japan  about  the  sixth  century  of  the  Christian  era; 
though  some  profess  the  doctrines  of  Confucius,  and  others 
are  Christians.  The  Japanese  are  of  the  Mongolian  race, 
and  are  stout  and  well  made.  They  are  amiable,  intellec- 
tual, and  patriotic,  and  have  some  science  and  a  taste  for 
music.  Their  language  is  different  from  that  of  the  Chi- 
nese. Japan  is  said  to  possess  a  written  history  extending 
over  twenty-five  centuries,  and  its  sovereigns  are  reported 

to  have  formed  a  continuous  dynasty  since  660  B.C. Adj. 

and  inhab.  Japanese,  jap-^-neez'  (Fr.  Japonais,  zhi^- 
po*ni'). 

Japan^  or  Djapan^  j&'p&n,  a  town  in  the  island  of 
Java,  about  25  miles  W.S.W.  of  Soerabaya.  It  is  the  resi- 
dence of  the  provincial  governor  of  the  interior,  and  has 
several  mosques.  Near  it  are  the  ruins  of  the  old  town  of 
Medand  Kamalan. 

Japan  Sea  is  that  portion  of  the  Paoific  Ocean  situ- 


ated between  lat.  35°  and  52"  N.  and  Ion.  128<»  and  142°  B., 
bounded  by  the  islunds  of  Japan  on  the  E.,  and  by  Russia* 
Manchooria  and  the  ])cninsula  of  Corea  on  the  W.  It  com- 
municates with  the  Pacific,  by  the  Stniits  of  La  Perous* 
and  Sangar,  on  the  E.,  and  with  the  Soa  of  Okhotsk,  by  the 
Channel  of  Tartiwy,  on  the  N.  It  forms  the  Gulf  of  Coroo, 
and  receives  the  river  Amoor. 

Japara,  or  Djapara,  jA-p&'r&,  a  Dutch  residency  on 
the  N.  coast  of  the  island  of  Java,  between  lat.  7°  and  7°  35' 
N.  and  Ion.  110°  36'  and  111°  10'  E.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Pop.  1,261,398.  Capital,  Japara,  a  fortified  town  on  the 
W.  coast,  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Samarang. 

Japha^  the  ancient  name  of  Safku. 

Japhia,  or  Japho,  a  town  of  Palestine.    See  Jaffa. 

Japon,  or  Japonia,  and  Japonais.    See  Japan. 

Japiira,  iil-poo'rA,  or  Yupura,  yoo-poo'ri,  written 
also  Hyapura  (sometimes  called,  in  the  upper  part  of  its 
course,  the  Caqueta,  ki-kA't&),  a  large  river  of  South 
America,  has  its  chief  source  in  the  Andes  of  the  republic 
of  Colombia,  about  50  miles  N.E.  of  Paste,  in  lat.  1°  20'  N., 
Ion.  76°  50'  W.,  whence  it  flows  E.  by  S.,  and  then  S.E., 
forming  for  some  distance  the  boundary  between  Ecuador 
and  Colombia.  It  traverses  the  forests  of  Ecuador  and 
Brazil  for  many  miles.  Its  lower  course,  with  a  few  devia- 
tions, is  nearly  due  E.  to  lat.  1°  50'  S.  and  Ion.  65°  15'  W., 
when  it  suddenly  takes  a  S.  direction,  and  falls  into  the 
Amazon  at  lat.  3°  S.  and  Ion.  65°  W.,  having  been  for  more 
than  350  miles  of  its  course  wholly  a  Brazilian  river.  Its 
entire  length  is  upwards  of  1300  miles.  The  navigation 
of  the  Japura  is  interrupted  by  a  great  cataract,  which 
occurs  in  lat.  1°  10'  S.  and  Ion.  72°  20'  W.,  below  which  it 
is  navigated  by  steamers. 

Jaquemelf  a  town  of  Hayti.    See  Jacmel. 

Jarafuel,  or  Xarafiiel,  iii-ri-fwi-l',  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  52  miles  S.W.  of  V'alencia.  Pop.  2102.  It, 
has  a  trade  in  wine,  olive  oil,  and  timber. 

Jaragaa,  zli4-r4'gw4,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Goyaz, 
situated  on  a  small  river  of  the  same  name,  which  formerly 
yielded  rich  gold-washings.     Pop.  2500. 

Jaragua,  one  of  the  best- frequented  seaports  in  the 
state  of  Alagoas,  in  Brazil,  near  Miioayo. 

Jaraicejo,  or  Xaraiccjo,  na-ri-thi'Ho,  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Caceres.    Pop.  1 101. 

Jarama^  or  Xarama,  iiA-rA'mil,  a  river  of  Spain, 
unites  with  the  Ilenares  about  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Madrid, 
and  afterwards  falls  into  the  Tagus  a  little  below  Aranjucz. 

Jarandilla,  or  Xarandilla,  iii-r&n-deel'yi,  a  town 
of  Spain,  in  Caceres,  14  miles  E.  of  Plasencia.     Pop.  1933. 

Jaraiisk,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Yaraxsk. 

Jar'balO)  a  post-ofiice  of  Leavenworth  co.,  Kansas. 

Jarboesviile,  jar'boz-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Mary's 
CO.,  Md.,  2i  miles  S.W.  of  Millstone  Landing,  and  about 
50  miles  S.  of  Annapolis. 

Jarcy,  Jarsy,  zhaR'see',  or  Jargy,  zhan*zhee',  a  vil- 
lage of  Italy,  16  miles  from  Chamb6ry.     Pop.  1215. 

Jardines,  naR-dee'nfis  (the  "gardens"),  two  groups  of 
islets  and  rocks  off  the  N.  and  S.  coasts  of  Cuba. 

Jarenga,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Yarenga. 

Jarcusk,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Yarexsk. 

JargeaU)  zhaR^zhO'  (anc.  GargosiUum  f),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Loiret,  on  the  Loire,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Orleans. 
Pop.  1558. 

Jarkovacz,  yaR^koH'its',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co 
and  30  miles  S.W.  of  Temesvar.     Pop.  2402. 

Jarlsberg-Laurwig,  yaRls'bSno-IowR'^ig,  an  amt 
of  Norway,  S.W.  of  Christiania.  Area,  861  square  miles. 
Pop.  87,494. 

Jarmelio,  zhaR-mdI'lo,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Bcira, 
18  miles  S.  of  Guarda.     Pop.  1360. 

Jarmen^yan'm^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  61 
miles  N.W.  of  Stettin.     Pop.  1657. 

Jarnac,  zhan'nik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Charente,  7 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Cognac,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Cha- 
rente. Pop.  4390.  It  is  the  great  mart  for  the  wine  and 
brandy  of  the  district,  and  is  celebrated  for  the  victory  of 
the  Duke  of  Anjou  over  the  Prince  of  Cond6,  who  perished 
in  the  battle,  1569. 

Jarnac-Charapagnc,  zhaR^n4k'-sh6M^pin',  a  village 
of  France,  in  Charente-Inf6rieare,  6  miles  N.  of  Jonzaa 
Pop.  1316. 

Jaroczyn,  or  Jarotschin,  yi-rot-seen'  or  yi-rotch'- 
in,  written  also  Jarocin,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Posen,  40 
miles  S.E.  of  the  city  of  Posen.     Pop.  2469. 

Jaro-Dsangbo,  China.    See  Yaroo-Dzaxo-bo-Tsoo. 

Jaromeritz,  yi'ro-m4'rits,  or  Jaromieritz,  yd'ro- 
mce'rits,  a  village  of  Moravia,  about  17  miles  N.W.of  Zuaiak 
Pop.  2277.  ,r.iii  It  at- 


JAR 


1497 


JAS 


Jaromirz,  yl'ro-meeuts\  or  Jaromer,  yi'ro-maiu^ 
ft  town  of  Bohemia,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Aupe  with  the 
Elbe,  68  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Prague.     Pop.  5442. 

Jaroslav,  or  Jaroslavl,  Russia.    See  Yauoslav. 

Jaroslavv,  yi'ro-sliv',  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  17 
miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Przemysl.  Pop.  11,166,  many  of 
whom  are  Jews.  It  has  a  castle,  a,  cathedral,  a  convent,  a 
normal  school,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths,  linen, 
liquors,  itc. 

Jaroslowice,  a  village  of  Austria.    See  Joslowitz. 

Jar'rettown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa., 
about  14  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  graded  school. 

Jar'rett's,  a  post-village  of  Sussex  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Petersburg  Railro.ad,  30  miles  S.  of  Petersburg. 

Jar'rcttsville,  a  poat-hamlet  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  28 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  110. 

Jar'rold's  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Raleigh  co.,  W.  Va. 

Jar'rott's',  a  station  in  St.  Clair  co..  111.,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Belleville  &  Southern  Illinois  Railroad,  4  miles  S.E. 
of  St.  Louis. 

Jar'row,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Durham,  on  the 
Tyne,  and  on  a  railway,  SJ  miles  E.N.E.  of  Gateshead.  Pop. 
18,179,  mostly  engaged  in  collieries  and  in  ship-building. 

Jarsy,  a  village  of  Italy.    See  Jaucy. 

Jarun,  jiVoon',  or  Jarom,  ji'rom',  a  walled  town  of 
Persia,  province  of  Ears,  100  miles  S.S.E.  of  Sheeraz.  Pop. 
4000.  It  has  some  trade  in  white  and  printed  cottons,  to- 
bacco, and  iron  from  neighboring  mines. 

Jar'vis,  a  post-office  of  Smith  co.,  Tex. 

Jar'vis,  a  post-village  in  Haldimand  co.,  Ontario,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Canada  Air-Line  and  Hamilton  &  Lake 
Erie  Railways,  31  miles  S.W.  of  Hamilton,  and  13  miles  W. 
of  Cayuga.     Pop.  400. 

Jar'visburg,  a  post-office  of  Currituck  co.,  N.C. 

Jarvis  Island,  in  the  Pacific  (lat.  0°  23'  S.,  Ion.  159° 
51'  A7.),  taken  possession  of  by  the  United  States  in  1857, 
aflFords  guano,  has  no  drinkable  water,  and  is  not  inhabited 
save  by  laborers  in  the  guano-beds.     Area,  1000  acres. 

Jarvis'  Store,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Ky. 

Jarvis  View,  a  post-office  of  Rice  co.,  Kansas, 

Jarze,  zhau^zi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Maine-et-Loire, 
6J  miles  \V.  of  Bauge.     Pop.  1860. 

Jasch,  a  town  of  Roumania.     See  Yassy. 

Jasena,  yi-si'nd,  or  Jassau,  yis'sow,  a  scattered 
village  of  Bohemia,  circle  of  Koniggratz.     Pop.  1180. 

Jasenovac,  Croatia.    See  Jaszbnovacz. 

Jashpur,  a  state  of  India.     See  Jushpoor. 

Jask,  jisk,  a  town  of  Persia,  province  of  Kerman,  on 
the  Arabian  Sea,  N.  of  Cape  Jask,  in  lat.  25°  38'  N.,  Ion. 
67°  48'  E. 

Jasliska,  y&s-lis'k9,,  a,  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Sanok.     Pop.  2000. 

Jaslo,  yis'lo,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  30  miles  S.E. 
of  Tarnow.     Pop.  2000. 

Ja'sonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Ind.,  about 
26  miles  S.S.E.  of  Terre  Haute.     It  has  a  church. 

Jas'per,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Georgia, 
}  has  an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  the  Ocmulgee  River,  and  is  drained  by  Cedar 
■and  Rocky  Creeks.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating,  and 
;is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fer- 
tile. Cotton,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  A  little  gold  is  said  to  have  been  found  in  this 
county.  Among  its  minerals  are  granite  and  iron.  It  is 
traversed  by  the  Centnil  of  Georgia  Railroad.  Capital, 
Monticello.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,439;  in  1880,  1J,851 ;  in 
1890,  13,879. 

Jasper,  a  southeastern  county  of  Illinois,  has  an.  area 
of  about  506  square  mile-s.  It  is  iutersecied  by  the  Embar- 
ras  River,  which  runs  southeastward.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  fore.sts.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,. hay,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  a  part  of  the  coal-field  of 
Illinois,  and  is  traversed  by  two  railroads,  which  pass 
through  Newton,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,234;  in 
1880,  14,515;  in  1890,  18,188. 

Jasper,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Indiana,  has  an 
area  of  about  570  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  the  Kankakee  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Iroquois 
River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with 
wet  praiiies,  forests,  and  "oak  openings."  The  soil  is 
mostly  adapted  to  pasturage.  Hay,  cattle,  Indian  corn, 
and  oats  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Chicago  &  Indiana  Coal  and  Louisville,  New  Albany  <fc  Chi- 
cago Railroads,  the  latter  passing  through  Rensselaer,  the 
capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  6354;  in  1880,  9464;  in  1890,  1 1,185. 
96 


Jasper,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Iowa,  has  an 
area  of  720  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Skunk  Ri^•er 
and  the  North  Fork  of  that  river.  The  surface  is  u«du- 
lating  or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  A  large 
portion  of  it  is  prairie.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  hay,  oats,  cat- 
tle, and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Mines  of  bituminoun 
coal  have  been  opened  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific,  Iowa  Central,  and 
Chicago,  St.  Paul  &  Kansas  City  Railroads.  Capital,  New- 
ton.   Pop.  in  1870,22,116;  in  1880,25,903;  in  1890,24,943. 

Jasper,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  Mississippi. 
Area,  720  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  several  small 
affluents  of  Leaf  River  and  by  Tallahoma  Creek.  The  sur- 
face is  uneven  or  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian 
corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  The  S.E  corner 
is  crossed  by  the  New  Orleans  &  Northeastern  Railroad, 
Capital,  Paulding.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,884;  in  1880,  12,126; 
in  1890,  14,785. 

Jasper,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Missouri,  border- 
ing on  Kansas,  has  an  area  of  about  672  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  Spring  River  and  Centre  Creek.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  for- 
ests of  the  oak,  ash,  hickory,  walnut,  &o.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Rich  lead-mines  have  been  opened  in  this 
county,  which  has  also  zinc-mines  and  abundance  of  good 
limestone  and  sandstone  (Devonian).  It  is  traversed  by 
the  St.  Louis  <fc  San  Francisco  and  Missouri  Pacific  Rail- 
roads. Capital,  Carthage.  Pop.  in  1870, 14,928;  in  1880, 
32,019;  in  1890,  50,500. 

Jasper,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area 
of  about  840  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the 
Neches  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the  Angelina  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  cattle, 
Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital, 
Jasper.     Pop.  in  1870,  4218 ;  in  18S0,  5779 ;  in  1890,  5592. 

Jasper,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Walker  co.,  Ala.,  50 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Tuscaloosa.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  church, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  an  academy, 

Jasper,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Newton  co.,  Ark.,  is 
100  miles  N.N.W,  of  Little  Rock.     It  has  2  churches. 

Jasper,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hamilton  co.,  Fla.,  on 
the  Florida  division  of  the  Atlantic  <t  Gulf  Railroad,  93 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Jacksonville.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw- 
mill, a  flour-mill,  and  a  sulphur  spring. 

Jasper,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pickens  co.,  Ga.,  50 
miles  N.  of  Atlanta,  and  at  the  southeastern  base  of  the 
Blue  Ridge.     It  has  2  churches, 

Jasper,  a  township  of  Wayne  co..  111.     Pop.  1016. 

Jasper,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dubois  co.,  Ind.,  on 
Patoka  Creek,  and  on  the  line  of  the  Cincinnati,  Rock- 
port  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  38  miles  N.  of  Rockport. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  2 
flouring-mills,  a  planing-niill,  a  carriage-shop,  and  a  saw- 
mill.    Pop.  in  1880,  1040;  in  1890,  1281. 

Jasper,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  722. 

Jasper,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  244. 

Jasper,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  in  Fair 
field  township,  about  10  miles  S.  of  Adrian.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Jasper,  a  township  of  Midland  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  173. 

Jasper,  a  township  of  Camden  co..  Mo.     Pop.  292. 

Jasper,  a  township  of  Dallas  co..  Mo.     Pop.  933. 

Jasper,  a  post-township  of  Jasper  co..  Mo.  Pop.  758. 
It  contains  the  village  of  Midway. 

Jasper,  a  township  of  Ozark  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  618. 

Jasper,  a  township  of  Ralls  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  1394.  It 
contains  Madisonville. 

Jasper,  a  township  of  Shannon  co,.  Mo.     Pop.  93, 

Jasper,  a  township  of  Taney  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  615. 

Jasper  (often  called  Jasper  Four  Comers),  a  post- 
village  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Jasper  township,  about  37 
miles  W.  of  Elmira.  It  has  2  or  3  ohurches.  Pop.  200; 
of  the  township,  1663. 

Jasper,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  0.     Pop.  1992. 

Jasper,  a  post-village  of  Pike  co.,  0.,  on  the  Scioto 
River,  and  on  the  Ohio  Canal,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Chilli- 
cothe.     It  has  a  lumber-mill  and  3  stores.     Pop.  181. 

Jasper,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Marion  co.,  Tcnn.,  on 
the  Sequatchie  River,  about  3  miles  from  its  entrance  into 
the  Tennessee,  and  20  miles  W.  of  Chattanooga.  A  branch 
of  the  Nashville  &  Chattanooga  Railroad  extends  from  thia 
place  to  Bridgeport.  Jasper  has  an  academy,  4  churches, 
and  a  newspaper  office.  Coal  is  mined  near  this  pIaco> 
Pop  in  1880,  541;  in  1890,  902. 


JAS 


149S 


JAV 


Jasper*  k  post-vlllaf^e,  oapitnl  of  Jnaper  eo.,  Tex.,  about 
1S5  mtlea  N.R.  of  Houston.  It  has  2  ohurohes,  a  news- 
paper ofRoe,  and  sevoral  luinber-inills. 

Jasper,  Ontario.    Soo  Iiiisii  Crrf.k. 

Jasper  City,  Iowa.    Seo  Kkllogo. 

Jas'per  MillOf  or  SeI'den,  a  post-village  of  Fayette 
•0.,  0.,  in  Jn«pcr  township,  on  Sugar  Creel(,  and  on  the  Cin- 
einnati  A  Muxkinj^um  Viillej  Railroad,  72  miles  E.N.K.  of 
Cincinnati.    It  has  a  church.    Here  is  Seldon  I'ost-ORioe. 

Jassao,  a  village  of  Bohemia.    See  Jaskna. 

Jassy,  a  town  of  Koumania.     See  YA!<.sr. 

Jastrow,  yAs'trov,  a  town  of  West  Prussia,  90  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Marienwerdor.  It  has  manufactutee  of  woollen 
eloths  and  tire-arms.     Pop.  4890. 

Jnswantna^r.    See  Ju8Wu^^•Nuoo^R. 

Jasz«Apatlii,  yiss'-Sh^pOh'tee',  a  town  of  Hungary,  in 
Jauygia,  11  miles  E.  of  Jasz-Ber6ny.  Pop.  8200,  employed 
in  agriculture  and  the  cultivation  of  the  vine. 

Jusz-Ber6ny,  yis8*-bi-raifi',  a  town  of  Hungary,  in 
Jazygia,  on  both  sides  of  the  Zagyva,  and  on  a  railway,  38 
miles  E.  of  Peath.  Pop.  20,233.  The  principal  edifices  are  a 
large  and  handsome  Catholic  church,  several  other  churches, 
a  Franciscan  convent,  a  gymnasium,  a  high  school,  and  the 
town  hull,  containing  the  archives  of  Jazygia  and  Cumania, 
on  an  island.  In  the  centre  of  the  river  stands  a  marble 
obelisk  ereote<l  in  1797  in  honor  of  the  Archduke  Joseph. 
Its  principal  trade  is  in  corn,  horses,  and  cattle. 

Ja9zenovacz,or  Ja8enovac,y4s'si-no-vAts',  atown 
of  Croatia,  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Dubicza,  at  the  confluence  of 
the  Unna  with  the  Save.     Pop.  2358. 

Jasz-Fenszaru,  yiss-fdns^sOhVoo',  a  village  of  Hun- 
gary, on  the  Zagyva,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Jasz-Ber6ny.  P.  3800. 

Jaszko,  Jaszo,  y&s'so\  or  Josz,  yoss,  a  town  of 
Hungary,  co.  of  Aba  Uj  V&r,  in  a  beautiful  valley,  on  the 
Bodva,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Leutschau.  It  contains  a  magnifi- 
cent old  Premonstratensian  abbey,  the  church  of  which  is 
one  of  the  finest  in  Hungary.  There  is  also  an  excellent 
library.     Pop.  1880. 

Jasz-Ladany,  yiss'-lShMftft',  a  village  of  Hungary, 
9  miles  from  Jasz-Berfiny.     Pop.  6135. 

Jaszlowiec,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Jazlowioe. 

Jatinum,  an  ancient  name  of  Mbaux. 

Jativa,  a  city  of  Spain.    See  San  Felipe  de  Jativa, 

Jatohi,  ji-to'hee,  atown  of  the  Punjab,  Mooltan  division. 
Pop.  6857. 

Jatt,  a  post-oflSce  of  Grant  parish.  La. 

Jaucr,  ySw'§r,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Neisse,  10  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Liegnitz.  Pop. 
10,392.  It  is  enclosed  by  double  walls  and  a  fosse,  and  has 
a  gymnasium,  numerous  churches,  a  free  school,  2  hospitals, 
houses  of  correction  and  industry,  a  lunatic  asylum,  manu- 
factures of  linens,  woollens,  stockings,  carpets,  and  leather^ 
and  an  active  trade. 

Jaueriiicit,  y6w'?r-nik\  or  Jauernig,  ySwV-nJQS  a 
town  of  Austrian  Silesia,  52  miles  N.W.  of  Troppau.  Pop. 
2169. 

Jai^a,  HSw'n&,  or  Atanjai^a,  &-t&n-nSw'H&,  a  river 
of  Peru,  joins  the  Apurimac  145  miles  N.E.  of  Huancave- 
lica,  after  a  very  tortuous  S.E.  and  E.  course  of  at  least  400 
miles.     In  its  lower  part  it  is  called  the  Mantaro. 

Jai^a,  or  Atanjaqja,  a  town  of  Peru,  department  of 
Junin,  capital  of  a  province  of  its  own  name,  125  miles  E. 
of  Lima,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  above  river.  It  has  con- 
siderable trade  in  rural  produce  and  in  cattle.  Pop.  15,000. 
Silver-mines  exist  in  the  province. 

Jaqjac,  zho^zhik',  a  town  of  France,  in  ArdCche,  8 
miles  N.  of  Argentifire.     Pop.  1298. 

Janlda,  jawl'da,  Jhalda,  jil'da,  or  Jhalida,  ji'lee- 
d%,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  Manbhoom,  56  miles  S.E.  of  ilaza- 
rybaugh.     Pop.  3281. 

Jaulnah,  jawl'na,  a  town  of  India,  in  Hyderabad,  34 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Aurungabad.  It  has  a  fort  and  a  canton- 
ment for  troops. 

Jaulnay,  zhorni',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vienne,  arron- 
dissement  of  Poitiers.     Pop.  2089. 

Jaumnier,  jawm-neer',  a  town  of  India,  Gwalior  do- 
minions, on  the  Taptee,  40  miles  N.E.  of  Boorhanpoor. 

Jaunpur,  a  town  of  India.    See  Jounpooh. 

Jaunsar,  India.    See  Jounsar. 

Jaura,  a  town  of  India.     See  Jowrah. 

Jauru,  zh6w-roo',  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the  serra 
of  its  own  name,  a  branch  of  the  cordillera  of  Parcels,  in 
the  state  of  Matto-Grosso,  flows  S.B.,  and  joins  the  Para- 
guay after  a  course  of  about  220  miles.  Its  principal  af9u- 
ents  are  the  Agunpehi  and  Bahia. 

Jauzicrs,  zho^ze-i',  a  village  of  France,  in  Basses- 
Alpps.  5  miles  N.E.  of  Barcelonnette.     Pop.  1717. 


Java,  ji'v^  or  jab'v^  (native,  Jaten,  "rice";  It.  Oiava, 
J&'v&;  Dutch  and  Qer.  Java,  yi'vl;  Fr.  pron.  zliiVi'j 
Sp.  pron.  H&'v&),  an  island  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  th« 
principal  seat  of  the  Dutch  power  in  the  East,  and,  after 
Sumatra  and  Borneo,  the  largest  in  the  Sunda  group,  if 
boundetl  N.  by  the  Java  Sea  and  S.  by  the  Indian  Ocean, 
separated  W.  by  the  Strait  of  Sunda  from  Sumatra,  and  E. 
by  that  of  Bali  from  Bali.  Lat.  5°  62'-8°  51'  S.;  Ion. 
105°  15'-114°  30'  E.  Its  shape  somewhat  resembles  a 
parallelogram,  the  greater  axis  lying  E.  and  AV.,  with  a 
slight  inclination  N.  at  the  AV.  end.  The  island  is  630  milet 
long  by  35  to  120  miles  broad.     Area,  49,730  square  miles. 

The  S.  coast  of  Java  presents  a  continuous  front  of  cragi 
and  rocks,  forming  the  outer  edge  of  an  extremely  moun- 
tainous  country  ;  the  N.  is  flat  and  low,  and  covered  in  many 
places  with  mangrove  swamps  ;  the  former  is  generally  un- 
safe for  shipping,  while  the  latter  affords  excellent  anchorage 
at  almost  all  times  and  places.  The  principal  cajies  and 
bays  along  its  coast  are  Java  Head,  at  the  entrance  of  the 
Strait  of  Sunda  from  the  Indian  Ocean ;  Cape  St.  Nicholat, 
whore  that  strait  opens  into  the  Java  Sea ;  Cape  Panka  at 
the  W.  and  Cape  Sendano  at  the  E.  entrance  of  the  Strait 
of  Madura;  Capes  East  and  South,  at  the  S.E.  extremity 
of  Java ;  Wyncoop's,  Welcome,  and  Pepper  Bays,  at  the 
W.  end  of  the  island ;  and  along  the  S.  coast  from  W.  to 
E.,  Penanjong,  Pachitan,  Pangol,  Sambreng,  Sogara-Wedi, 
Dampar,  and  Qradjagan  Bays.  The  chief  harbors  are  those 
of  Batavia  and  Soerabaya,  on  the  N.,  and  that  of  Culi  Pu- 
jang,  formed  by  the  small  island  of  Kcmbangan  on  the  8; 

The  island  is  traversed  throughout  its  whole  length  by 
two  chains  of  mountains,  which  in  some  places  unite  and 
again  separate,  forming  ramifications  sloping  gently  down 
to  the  shore.  Both  chains  are  thickly  set  with  volcanoes, 
active  and  extinct,  varying  from  6000  to  9000  feet  in  height ; 
some  of  them,  rising  even  to  12,000  feet,  are  seen  at  sea  from 
a  great  distance,  and  form  landmarks  to  the  navigator. 

The  mountains  are  intersected  by  large  and  beautiful 
valleys,  watered  by  rivers  and  torrents,  and  covered,  for 
the  most  part,  with  thick  forests.  The  formation  of  the 
island  is  essentially  trachytic,  while  diorite,  limestone,  sand- 
stone, and  other  stones  of  mixed  formation  are  limited  to 
certain  localities.  Java  has  no  metallic  veins  fit  for  being 
wrought;  the  Bantam  coal-mines  yield  lignite;  naphtha 
and  asphalt  abound  in  various  localities;  and  the  salines 
of  Koewoe,  S.E.  of  Samarang,  yield  a  large  supply  of  salt. 
Warm  medicinal  waters  are  very  plentiful.  The  volcanoes, 
when  in  an  active  state,  are  remarkable  for  the  quantity 
of  sulphur  and  sulphurous  vapors  they  discharge.  The 
crater  of  Taschem,  at  the  E.  end  of  the  island,  contains  a 
lake  about  one-fourth  of  a  mile  long,  strongly  impregnated 
with  sulphuric  acid,  from  which  there  issues  a  stream  of 
acid  water  so  destructive  to  life  that  even  fish  cannot  live 
in  the  sea  near  its  mouth.  An  extinct  volcano  near  Batar, 
called  Guevo  Upas,  or  the  Vale  of  Poison,  about  half  a  mile 
round,  is  held  in  horror  by  the  natives.  Every  living 
creature  that  enters  it  drops  dead,  and  the  soil  is  covered 
with  the  carcasses  of  deer,  birds,  and  even  the  bones  of 
men,  killed  by  the  carbonic  acid  gas  which  lies  at  the  bottom 
of  the  valley.  In  another  crater  "  the  sulphurous  exhala- 
tions have  killed  tigers,  birds,  and  innumerable  insects." 

A  multitude  of  rivers  flow  from  the  N.  and  S.  sides  of 
the  mountains,  affording  supplies  to  innumerable  artificial 
water-courses  used  in  irrigation.  These  streams  are  gener- 
ally rapid,  shallow,  and  encumbered  with  sand-banks.  The 
only  rivers  navigable  for  vessels  to  any  distance  inland  are 
the  Solo,  Kediri,  Tjimanok,  and  Tjitaroem;  the  others  are 
only  suitable  for  canoes,  or  for  floating  timber. 

Java  was  formerly  considered  very  unhealthy;  but,  with 
the  exception  of  a  few  marshy  districts  on  the  N.  coast  and 
some  parts  on  the  S.,  the  climate  is  as  salubrious  as  that  of 
any  other  intertropical  country,  and  the  more  elevated 
regions  are  even  remarkably  healthy.  In  the  plains  the 
temperature  during  the  day  is  from  85°  to  94°  Fahrenheit, 
and  during  the  night  from  73°  to  80°.  At  an  elevation  of 
6000  feet  the  thermometer  descends  to  60°,  while  the  tops 
of  the  lofty  peaks  are  often  covered  with  ice.  Earthquakes 
and  thunder-storms  are  common,  but  hurricanes  are  rare. 

Including  domestic  and  marine  animals,  100  kinds  of 
mammalia  inhabit  Java.  Though  so  close  to  Sumatra  and 
the  Malay  Peninsula,  neither  the  elephant  nor  the  tapir 
is  found  in  the  island;  but  in  the  AV.  part  the  onc-hornod 
rhinoceros  is  not  uncommon,  and  in  numerous  districts 
the  tiger,  panther,  and  tiger-oat  keep  the  inhabitants  in 
alarm  by  their  depredations.  The  babyroussa,  and  two 
kinds  of  wild  hog,  form  the  large  game.  Uijlobatet  leticit- 
cut,  two  species  of  Semnopithecnt,  and  the  Cercopithecu* 
cynomol'ju)  are  the  only  representatives  of  the  ape  kind. 


JAV 


1499 


J  AX 


but  thoy  people  the  forests  in  countless  numbers.  Two 
kinds  of  lemurs  inspire  the  inhabitants  with  superstitious 
fear  by  their  mysterious  nocturnal  habits,  and  this  island 
may  be  considered  the  native  seat  of  the  largest  bats,  some 
of  which  measure  5  foot  across  the  wings ;  they  may  be  seen 
suspended  from  the  branches  in  hundreds  during  the  day, 
and  at  night  they  devastate  the  orchards  and  gardens. 
Oivcts  are  common,  and  supply  a  perfume  of  which  the 
Javanese  are  passionately  fond;  the  wild  ox  {Dos  sondai- 
chh),  a  beautiful  and  graceful  animal,  which  has  been  found 
untJxmable,  abounds  in  the  woods;  and  the  buffalo,  said  to 
have  been  brought  from  continental  Asia  in  the  twelfth 
century  by  the  same  prince  to  whom  tradition  assigns  the 
introduction  of  the  rice-plant,  is  the  only  animal  used  in 
agricultural  labor. 

Java  possesses  a  soil  of  astonishing  fertility  and  a  vege- 
tation unrivalled  in  its  luxuriance,  ranging  from  the  palms 
of  the  tropics  to  the  mosses  of  the  temperate  zone.  The 
coast  is  fringed  with  cocoanut-trees;  behind  tiiem  the 
ground  rises  gently  to  the  foot  of  the  mountain-chain,  and 
is  completely  cultivated.  Javanese  villages  of  bamboo 
houses,  surrounded  with  hedges  of  fruit-trees  and  bamboo, 
contrast  agreeably  with  the  vast  fields  of  rice,  artificially 
watered,  and  yielding  often  three  harvests  annually.  Higher 
up  than  the  rice-fields  the  bases  of  the  mountiiins  are  cov- 
ered with  vast  forests  of  different  species  of  the  fig-tree, 
remarkable  for  their  great  height  and  vigorous  growth. 
About  5()U0  feet  above  the  sea  may  be  seen  Podocarpim 
eiiprciiiiu»,  with  its  lofty,  straight  stem,  a  tree  allied  to  the 
yew,  and  furnishing  the  best  timber  in  Java;  the  Dammar 
pine,  rhododendrons,  and  the  Dipteris  or  two-leaved  fern. 
Laurels  of  numerous  species,  chestnuts,  oaks,  melastomas, 
eugenias,  magnolias,  myrtles,  numerous  orchids,  &c.,  grow 
still  higher  up  the  mountains.  At  an  elevation  of  about 
70U0  feet  the  vegetation  changes  its  aspects,  and  mosses 
appear,  which,  with  heaths,  are  the  principal  plants  found 
on  the  loftier  heights.  Some  plants  grow  vigorously  on  the 
brink  of  craters  emitting  sulphurous  vapors,  and  ferns  cover 
the  edges  of  gulfs  filled  with  boiling  mud,  and  form  a  border 
to  sulphurous  marshes,  their  roots  growing  in  the  acid 
waters.  The  famed  poison-tree,  the  Upas  (Antiaris  toxi- 
earia),  is  a  noted  Javanese  plant.  Forests  of  teak  cover  a 
very  extensive  surface  in  thirteen  of  the  provinces. 

llice  forms  the  staple  food  of  the  natives,  and  is  raised 
in  astonishing  quantities.  Coffee  raised  from  Mocha  seed 
is  extensively  cultivated,  and,  with  sugar,  forms  one  of 
the  staples  of  the  island,  its  export  greatly  exceeding  even 
that  of  rice.  Cotton  of  two  kinds  is  grown,  and  consider- 
able quantities  are  exported ;  and  the  cultivation  of  indigo, 
nutmegs,  cloves,  cinnamon,  cochineal,  pepper,  pimento, 
tobacco,  tea,  and  cocoanuts  is  carried  on  with  success.  The 
population  is  almost  wholly  agricultural;  beyond  a  few 
large  towns,  it  is  distributed  over  the  island  in  villages, 
each  governed  by  a  native  chief  of  its  own  election.  Each 
family  has  its  own  portion  of  land,  varying  from  half  an 
acre  to  six  acres.  About  a  third  of  the  cultivated  ground 
is  supposed  to  be  thus  occupied. 

The  great  bulk  of  the  foreign  trade  is  carried  on  through 
the  ports  of  Batavia,  Samarang,  and  Soerabaya,  and  is 
chiefly  in  the  hands  of  the  Dutch  and  Chinese. 

Public  improvements  in  Java  have  lately  been  much  ex- 
tended. A  good  road  traverses  the  island  in  its  entire 
length ;  many  forts  have  been  constructed  in  the  interior, 
and  commercial  stations  planted  in  the  S.  part  of  the  island, 
llegular  steam  communication  is  kept  up  with  the  leading 
eastern  ports.  About  210  miles  of  railway  are  in  opera- 
tion.    Perfect  religious  toleration  exists. 

Government  and  Revenue. — A  governor-general  or  vice- 
roy is  supreme  ruler,  with  command  of  both  the  army  and 
navy,  in  all  the  Dutch  provinces  in  the  Malay  Archipelago. 
He  is  assisted  by  the  council  of  the  Indies,  composed  of  a 
vice-president  and  four  members  named  by  the  king,  and 
is  in  correspondence  with  the  governors  of  the  different  de- 
pendencies of  Java,  namely,  Amboyna,  Borneo,  Celebes,  and 
Sumatra,  all  of  whom  are  under  his  orders.  The  island  is 
divided  into  22  residencies,  in  each  of  which  are  a  European 
governor  and  secretary  and  various  sub-residents.  The 
provinces  are  subdivided  into  arrondissements  and  com- 
munes, each  having  a  justice.  Superior  tribunals  and 
courts-martial  are  seated  at  Batavia,  Samarang,  and  Soera- 
baya, the  whole  subordinate  to  a  supreme  court  at  Bata- 
via. Several  native  states  exist  in  the  interior,  under 
Dutch  protection,  the  principal  capitals  of  which  are  Soera- 
karta  and  Djokjokarta.  Java  remained  under  Hindoo  sover- 
eignty till  1478,  when  it  was  conquered  by  the  Arabs,  and 
Its  possession  has  since  been  chiefly  Mohammedan.  It  con- 
4aiua  the  ruins  of  several  considerable  cities  and  temples, 


the  principal  being  Mojopahit  and  Boro-Budor;  and  varioas 
large  structures  of  substantial  architecture  are  scattered 
over  its  surface. 

Inhabitants,  Religion,  &c. — The  Javanese  belong  to  the 
Malay  family.  They  are  small  in  size,  of  a  yellow  hue; 
superstitious,  careless  of  the  future,  inclined  to  laziness, 
sober,  cheerful,  compassionate,  patient,  and  easily  led  when 
convinced  that  the  orders  given  are  not  contrary  to»the  an- 
cient laws  and  customs  of  the  country,  which  are  held  in 
religious  reverence.  They  are  respectful  to  parents,  and 
venerate  the  tombs  of  their  ancestors.  They  are,  however, 
very  susceptible  of  affronts,  which  they  are  not  slow  t« 
avenge.  The  Javanese  are  good  tanners,  and  have  made 
some  progress  in  metallurgy,  in  carpentry,  and  in  cabinet- 
making.  They  weave  and  dye  well,  make  paper  from  the 
mulberry,  and  many  are  engaged  with  poisoned  arrows  in 
obtaining  fish,  which,  being  salted  and  dried,  constitute  a 
great  dainty.  But  the  great  mass  of  the  people  are  de- 
voted to  agriculture.  In  religion,  the  Javanese  are  Mo- 
hammedan, a  faith  introduced  in  the  fourteenth  century 
by  the  Arabians,  and  which  has  since  almost  entirely  dis- 
placed both  Hindooism  and  Booddhism,  of  both  of  which 
numerous  imposing  relics  are  to  bo  met  with  in  various 
parts  of  the  island.  The  mass  of  the  Javanese  take  only 
one  wife,  who  is  treated  with  respect  and  consideration ;  but 
people  of  quality  and  wealth  practise  polygamy.  Three 
dialects  of  the  Malay  language  are  spoken  by  the  Javanese, 
who  have  also  an  ancient  sacred  language,  containing  a 
number  of  Sanscrit  words.  They  have  a  national  litera- 
ture, and  translations  from  the  Arabic  and  Sanscrit.  The 
Javanese  are  generally  considered  superior  in  civilization 
to  other  Malays.  Besides  the  native  race,  Java  has  many 
people  of  Chinese  and  mixed  descent,  and  some  Arabs  and 
Europeans.     Pop.,  with  Madura,  in  1889,  23,064,086. 

Ancient  Javanese  history  is  written  in  the  magnificent 
remains  of  temples  and  other  public  buildings  which  are 
plentifully  scattered  over  the  island.  The  Portuguese  formed 
a  settlement  on  it  in  1511,  and  the  Dutch  in  1575.     The 

British   held   the  island  from  1811  to  1816. Adj.  and 

inhab.  Jav^anese'. 

Jav'a,  a  post-office  of  Neshoba  co.,  Miss. 

Java,  a  post-township  of  AVyoming  co.,  N.Y.,  about  30 
miles  S.E.  of  Buffalo.     It  contains  Java  A'illage.     P.  1953. 

Java,  or  Frank'ford,  a  post-village  of  Lucas  co.,  0., 
in  Spencer  township,  about  16  miles  W.  of  Toledo,  and  1 
mile  from  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad. 
It  has  3  stores.     Here  is  Java  Post-Office. 

Javalquinto,  Jabalquinto,  or  Xavalquinto,  h&. 
vS,l-keen'to,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  14  miles  N.  of 
Jaen,  on  the  Guadalimar.     Pop.  1808. 

Javana,  ji-vi'ni,  a  town  on  the  N.  coast  of  Java,  resi- 
dency and  28  miles  E.S.E.  of  Japara.     Pop.  10,000. 

Javary,  a  river  of  South  America.    See  Jabaut. 

Java  Sea  is  that  part  of  the  Pacific  Ocean  between  lat. 
3°  and  7°  S.and  Ion.  106°  and  116°  E.,  having  E.  the  Strait 
of  Macassar  and  the  Sea  of  Flores,  S.  Java  and  Bali,  N. 
Borneo,  and  W.  Sumatra.  It  communicates  southward  with 
the  Indian  Ocean  by  the  Straits  of  Sunda,  Bali,  and  Lom- 
bok,  and  on  the  N.E.  with  the  China  Sea  by  the  Carimat* 
Passage  and  Strait  of  Gaspar,  E.  and  W.  of  Billiton. 

Java  Village,  a  post-village  of  AVyoming  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Java  township,  on  Buffalo  Creek,  about  28  miles  S.E.  of 
Buffalo.     It  has  a  tannery,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Jawahir,  or  Djawahir,  ja,'wa.-heer\  written  also 
Jowahir,  in  India,  one  of  the  highest  peaks  of  the  Him- 
alaya Mountains,  is  situated  in  the  province  of  Kumaort. 
Lat.  30°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  80°  E.     Elevation,  25,070  feet. 

Jawana,  Djawana,  jl-wi'ni,  or  Joana,  io-a,'nA, 
one  of  the  largest  rivers  on  the  N.  coast  of  Java,  rises  in  an 
inland  lake,  whence  it  flows  N.E.  to  the  Java  Sea. 

Jawar,  a  town  of  India.    See  Jowauh. 

Jawornitz,  yi-^i'on'nits,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  4  miles 
from  Reichenau.     Pop.  1814. 

Jaworow,  yi-^o'rov,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  .'JO 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Przemysl.  Pop.  7209.  Near  it  are  the 
largest  paper-mills  in  Galicia. 

Jawua,  ji-wud',  a  large  walled  town  of  India,  in  Raj- 
pootana,  78  miles  E.  of  Odeypoor. 

Jaxartes,  jax-ar't^z,  Sihon,  scc'hon',  Sir-Dana, 
or  Syr-Darya,  sir-  (or  seer-)  dar'yi,  a  large  river  of  Asi- 
atic Russia,  rises  in  Ferghana  by  numerous  sources  on  the 
borders  of  the  Pameer  table-land,  and  in  the  Mooz-Tagh, 
on  the  frontiers  of  Chinese  Toorkistan,  flows  through  tho 
governments  of  Ferghana  and  Syr-Darya  very  tortuously, 
and  enters  the  Sea  of  Aral  by  two  principal  mouths,  in 
Ion.  61°  E.,  lat.  46°  and  46°  N.  Total  course  estimated  at 
1450  miles.    It  is  broad  and  deep,  and  its  banks  arc  usually 


JAX 


1500 


Stt) 


orerflowad  by  it  in  cummer.  It  affordi  extensire  stoam- 
boat-navigation. 

Jaxt«  Y&xt,  or  Jaitnt,  a  small  river  of  W'Urtomberf^, 
'  Joina  the  Neokar  near  Wiinpfon,  aitor  a  course  of  about  80 
miles.  It  gives  name  to  a  circle  of  WUrteniberg,  and  to 
Many  Tillages,  Jaxtberg,  JaxtfoUl,  Ao.,  the  principal  being 
Jaxthadsbx,  y&xt'hdw'K^n,  with  3  castles,  on  its  right 
bank,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Iloilbronn. 

Jay^  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Indiana,  bordering  on 
Ohio,  has  an  area  of  about  4U0  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Snlamonio  River,  which  rises  in  it,  and  by  small 
alHucnts  of  the  Wabash  River.  The  surface  is  undulating 
or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile.  More  than  one-third  of 
it  is  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  sugar-mnple  abounds. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Qrand  Rapids 
A  Indiana  nnd  Lake  Erie  &  Western  Riiilroads,  which  meet 
at  Portland,  the  capital.  The  I'ennsylvania  Lines  cross 
the  S.W.  portion  of  this  county.  Pop.  iu  1870,  15,000;  in 
1880,  19,282;  in  1890,  23,478. 

Jay^  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co..  Me.,  in  Jay  town- 
ship, on  the  Androscoggin  River,  and  on  the  Maine  Central 
Railroad,  at  Jay  Bridge  Station,  39  miles  N.  of  Lowiston. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  1490. 

Jay^  Saginaw  co.,  Mich.    See  Frkgi.amd. 

Jay,  a  township  of  Martin  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  119. 

Jay,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Jay  town- 
ship, about  28  miles  S.S.W.  of  Plattsburg.  It  has  about  50 
houses  and  several  mills.  The  township  is  drained  by  the 
Au  Sable  River,  and  comprises  several  high  peaks  of  the 
Adirondack  and  Au  Sable  Mountains.  It  a£fords  much 
iron  ore.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2459. 

Jay,  a  township  of  Elk  co..  Pa.     Pop.  534. 

Jay,  a  post-township  of  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  borders  on 
Canada.  It  has  manufactures  of  lumber,  wooden-ware,  Ac, 
and  2  beds  of  iron  ore.  Pop.  553.  The  township  comprises 
Jay  Peak,  about  4000  feet  nigh. 

Jaya,  a  town  of  Afghanistan.    See  Jeja. 

Jayanca,  Hi-Jln'k&,  a  town  of  Pern,  province  and  37 
miles  N.  of  Lambayeque.     Pop.  5000. 

Jay  Eu,  a  post-office  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas. 

Jayghur,  or  Jaighur,  India.     See  ZvoiiuR. 

Jayne's  Store,  Randolph  co.,  Ark.    See  Jane's  Store. 

Jaynesville,  Iowa.     See  Janksville. 

Jaynesville,  janz'vil,  a  post-villnge  of  Covington  co., 
Miss.,  about  50  miles  S.S.E.  of  Jackson.    It  has  2  churches. 

Jaypoor,  India.    See  Jeypoou. 

Jaysiilmecr,  or  Jaysulmir.    See  Jessulmeer. 

Jaysvillc,  jaz'vil,  a  post-office  of  Darke  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Dayton  A  Union  Railroad,  31  miles  N.W.  of  Dsiyton. 

Jayvilla,  or  Javilla,  ja-vil'la,  a  post-office  of  Conecuh 
CO.,  Ala.,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Evergreen. 

Jazlowice,  yils-lo-^ect's&,  Jaezlowiec,  or  Jas- 
lOAViec,  yiz-lo-ve-fita',  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Galicia,  on 
the  Strypa,  86  miles  S.E.  of  Lemberg.     Pop.  2234. 

Jazygia,  ja-zij'9-a  (Hung.  Jdszudg,  y^s^stVg'),  a  district 
of  Hungary,  watered  by  the  Krnszna,  Zagyva,  and  Tarna. 
Area,  1389  square  miles.  Capital,  Jasz-Bereny.  It  is  named 
from  its  ancient  inhabitants,  the  Jazyges,  a  people  of  prob- 
able Slavic  race,  though  their  descendants  are  now  completely 
Mngyarized. 

Jean,  or  Jean  Babel,  zhfts»  bi'bSl',  a  town  of  Ilnyti, 
near  its  N.AV.  extremity,  with  a  harbor  N.E.  of  Cape  St. 
Kicholiis. 

Jeanerette,  jeen^^r-gf,  or  Jeannerctte,  jeen'n^r- 
Ct',  a  post-village  of  Iberia  parish.  La.,  on  the  navigable 
Bayou  Teche,  about  130  miles  W.  of  New  Orleans,  and  80 
miles  above  Morgan  City.  It  has  a  church  and  a  manu- 
factory of  sash  and  blinds.     Pop.  in  1890,  1309. 

Jean-Mayen,  an  island.     Sec  Jav-Maven. 

Jeannettvillc,  jeen-n4t'vH,  a  post-office  of  Renville 
CO.,  Minn.,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Granite  Falls. 

Jeaiisville,  jeenz'vll,  a  post-village  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa., 
in  Hazel  township,  on  the  Beaver  Meadow  Branch  of  the 
Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  2  miles  S.  of  Ilazleton.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  hotel,  and  a  machine-shop.  This  place  is 
owned  by  the  Spring  Mountain  Coal  Company,  and  has 
rich  coal-mines. 

Jeba,  or  Geba,  ji'bl,  a  river  of  Senegambia,  S.  of  the 
Gambia.  At  its  mouth  (lat.  11°  40'  N.,  Ion.  15°  14'  W.)  it 
is  15  miles  across.    See  Rio  Grande. 

Jeba,  ji'bi,  or  Ccba  (Script.  Gibeah),  a  village  of 
Palestine,  6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Jerusalem. 

Jebail,  je-b^r  or  jc-bil',  written  also  Gebail,  or  Ju- 
beil  (anc.  Dyh'lut),  a  maritime  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
In  Syria,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Tripoli.  Lat.  34°  12'  N.;  Ion. 
S5°  31'  £.    It  is  enclosed  by  a  wall  with  square  towers. 


Jebee,  Jebi,  or  Djcbi,  jib'oe,  a  town  of  Arabia,  In 
Yemen,  65  miles  S.W.  of  Sana.  It  is  walled,  and  has  % 
citadel. 

JebelfjSb'fl,  written  also  1)JebcI,DeJcbcl,  Jcbol- 

Sho'nier,an(iJebel-Sham'niar,a  province  of  Arabia, 
in  Nedjod,  nearly  in  Its  centre,  containing  the  lake  of  Ittra, 
which  furnishes  salt  to  many  of  the  adjacent  provinces. 
Ostrich  feathers  form  its  other  principal  article  of  traffic. 
Capital,  Hayel.     Pop.  Ifi2,000. 

Jebel,  or  Gebel,  j6b'?l,  is  the  Arabic  name  of  numer. 
ous  mountains,  Ac,  in  the  East,  some  of  the  principal 
of  which  are  named  below. 

Jebel-Akhdar,  jdb'^l-AkMar',  a  mountain  of  Arabia, 
dominion  and  S.W.  of  Muscat.  Lat.  23°  N. ;  Ion.  56°  30' 
E.  Elevation,  6000  feet.  Its  surface  is  generally  bare  and 
rocky,  but  there  are  cultivated  valleys  of  high  fertility. 
The  name  also  belongs  to  the  entire  range,  and  to  a  popn. 
lous  province  of  the  kingdom  of  Oman. 

Jebel-Akrab,  jfib'^l-lkVlb',  a  mountain  of  Syria, 
immediately  S.W.  of  Antioch,  bounding  the  valley  of  the 
Orontes  on  the  S.E. 

JebeNArab,  j6b'?l-i*rib',  a  mountain  of  Arabia,  near 
its  S.W.  extremity,  with  a  continuous  range  of  peaks  (the 
"  Chimney  Peaks"  of  Horsburgh)  extending  for  18  miles 
from  N.W.  to  S.E. 

Jebel-Aridh,  Arabia.    Bee  Aarer. 

Jcbel-Aseer,  a  region  of  Arabia.    See  Asker. 

Jebelceyah,  or  Jebeliyah,  j4b\l-ee'y&,  the  east- 
ernmost of  the  Curia  Muria  Islands,  off  the  S.E.  coast  of 
Arabia.     It  is  a  granite  rock,  rising  500  feet. 

Jcbel-er-Kahm,  a  hill  of  Arabia.    See  Arafat. 

Jebel-esh-Sheikh,  Palestine.    See  Hermun, 

Jebel-IIabarid,  jSb'^l-h&^bilVeed',  a  mountain  on  the 
S.E.  coast  of  Arabia,  near  Ras  Hasek. 

Jebel-Kharay,  jib'^l-KHVr,  a  mountain  in  the  S.E. 
of  Arabia,  its  S.  peak  in  lat.  12°  41'  N.,  Ion.  44°  76'  E. 

Jcbel>Manhali,  jdb'^l-m&n^i&'leo,  a  mountain  in  the 
S.W.  of  Arabia,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Red  Sea. 

Jcbcl-AIanhali,  a  cape.     See  Cape  Bab-el-Manhed. 

Jebel -Mokatteb,  jdb'^l-mo-kdt'tJb,  a  mountain  of 
Arabia  Petraea,  40  miles  N.W.  of  Mount  Sinai,  on  the  road 
to  Suez.  Here  are  ancient  sepulchres,  and  a  rock  covered 
with  hieroglyphics. 

Jebcl-Mokattem,  j5b'§l-nio-klt't6m,  a  hilly  range  in 
Egypt,  extending  for  25  miles  eastward  froii.  the  Nile,  im- 
mediately S.E.  of  Cairo. 

Jebei-Nimrood,  or  Jcbel-Nimrnd,  jib'?l-nim^ 
rood'  (the  ancient  Nipha'lenf)  a  mountain  of  Turkish  Ar- 
menia, is  a  prolongation  of  Mount  Taurus,  20  miles  S.  of 
Moosh,  separating  the  pashalic  of  Erzroom  from  Koordii'tnn. 

Jebel-Noor,or  Jebel-Nour,j6b'9l-noor,  a  mountain 
of  Arabia,  in  Hejaz,  near  Mecca,  is  where  the  Mohamme- 
dans believe  the  angel  Gabriel  to  have  delivered  to  their 
prophet  the  first  portions  of  the  Koran. 

Jebel-Scrbal,  j6b'?l-s5r'bir^  a  mountain  of  Arabia 
Potraja,  near  Mount  Horeb.     Elevation,  6760  feet. 

Jebel-Shammar.    See  Shammar  Mountains. 

JebeNShomcr,  a  country  of  Arabia.    See  Jkbel. 

Jebel-Soghair,  j6b'?I-so'ghir',  an  island  in  the  Red 
Sea,  35  miles  N.AV.  of  Mocha.  Lat.  14°  N. ;  Ion.  42°  30'  E. 
Length  and  breadth,  about  14  miles  each. 

Jebel-Soob'h,  or  Jebel-Sub'h,  jJb'?l-soob'h,  a 
mountain  in  the  W.  of  Arabia,  between  Yembo  and  Jiddah. 
It  is  the  stronghold  of  a  warlike  tribe  of  Bedouins,  and  is 
famous  for  producing  the  "  balm  of  Mecca." 

Jebel-'Tar,  jfib'§l-tar  (anc.  Comhunta),  a  volcanic  is- 
land in  the  Red  Sea,  55  miles  W.S.W.  of  Loheia. 

Jebcl-Tarik,  the  Arabic  name  of  Gibraltar. 

Jebel-Toor,  or  Jcbel-Tur,  j6b'?l-toor,  a  village  of 
Palestine,  on  the  Mount  of  Olives,  i  mile  E.  of  J<rusalcm. 
Here  is  the  church  of  the  Ascension. 

Jebel-Tyh,  jdb'?l-tee,  a  long  mountain-chain  of  Ara- 
bia, stretching  across  the  peninsula  of  Sinai,  from  fhe  Gulf 
of  Suez  to  the  Gulf  of  Akabah,  lat.  26°  N.,  and  bounding 
southward  the  desert  of  Ei.-Tvn,  or  "  the  wandering." 

Jebi,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  Jebee. 

Jed,  a  river  of  Scotland,  rises  in  the  Cheviots,  and  joins 
the  Teviot  3  miles  N.  of  Jedburgh. 

Jedburg,  jWburg,  a  station  in  Colleton  co.,  S.C,  on 
the  South  Carolina  Railroad,  26  miles  N.W.  of  Charleston. 

Jedburgh,  j6d'bur-ruh,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  capital  of 
the  CO.  of  Roxburgh,  on  the  Jed,  and  on  a  railway,  40  miles 
S.E.  of  Edinburgh.  Its  buildings  present  a  curious  mi.x- 
tare  of  the  modern  and  antique.  The  chief  edifices  are  the 
fine  abbey  of  the  twelfth  century,  now  restored  .as  a  parish 
church,  the  castle,  now  used  as  a  bridewell  and  prison,  and 
the  county  and  town  halls.   It  has  manufactures  of  blanket^ 


TED 


1501 


JEF 


carpets,  flannels,  and  other  woollens,  an  iron-foundry,  and 
a  manufactory  of  printing-presses.  Circuit  courts  for  the 
eounty  are  held  hero  twice  yearly.  The  burgh  unites  with 
North  Berwick,  Haddington,  Lauder,  and  Dunbar  in  send- 
ing one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.     Pop.  3321. 

Jeddo,  or  Jedo,  a  city  of  Japan.     See  Tokio. 

Jed'do,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  in  Grant 
townsliij),  18  miles  N.W.  of  Port  Huron.     It  has  3  stores. 

Jcduo,  a  township  of  Knox  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1134. 

Jeddo,  a  post-village  of  Orleans  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Ridgeway 
township,  about  40  miles  N.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  a  church 
and  manufactures  of  cider,  flour,  wagons,  &c.     Pop.  124. 

Jeddo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  and  on  the  Cleveland  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  7  miles 
N.  of  Steubenville. 

Jeddo,  a  post-village  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  in  Foster 
township,  on  branches  of  the  Lehigh  Valley  and  Lehigh  & 
Susquehanna  Railroads,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Hazelton,  and  19 
miles  S.  of  VVilkesbarre.     It  has  a  church 

Jeddo,  a  post-oflice  of  Bastrop  co.,  Tex.,  8  miles  N.  of 
Waekler  Railroad  Station. 

Jeddo,  a  post-oflice  of  Marquette  co.,  Wis.,  about  14 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Portage. 

Jed'dore',  a  maritime  village  in  Halifax  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  S.E.  coast,  42  miles  E.N.E.  of  Halifax.  Its 
inhabitants  are  engaged  in  the  fisheries  and  in  ship- 
building.    Pop.,  with  surroundings,  1643. 

Jeend,  a  town  of  India.     See  Jheend. 

Jeciidana.    See  Sandalwood  Island, 

Jeetze,  a  river  of  Germany.     See  Jetze. 

JeeVun',  a  town  of  India,  E.  of  Odeypoor. 

Jeezak,  Dshizak,  or  Djizzak,  jee^zik',  a  town  of 
Asiatic  Russia,  government  of  Syr-Darya,  65  miles  N.E.  of 
Saraaraind.     Pop.  3988. 

Jef'fereystown,  a  hamlet  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  in 
North  Fayette  township,  4  miles  from  Oakdale  Railroad  Sta- 
tion.    It  has  7  dwellings. 

Jef'feriesville,  a  post-office  of  Claiborne  co.,  Miss. 

Jefferson,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Alabama, 
has  an  urea  of  about  1092  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Black  Warrior  River,  or  that  part  of  it  which  some 
call  the  Locust  Fork,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the  Cahawba 
River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating,  and  is  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile. 
Cotton,  Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Coal  and  iron  ore  are  found  here.  This  county  is 
traversed  by  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Rail- 
road and  six  other  railroads,  all  centring  at  Birmingham, 
the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,345;  in  1880,  23,272;  in 
1890,  88,601. 

Jetferson,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  Arkan- 
sas, has  an  area  of  about  840  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Arkansas  River.  The  surface  is  undulating 
or  nearly  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests 
of  the  ash,  hickory,  oak,  pine,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  produced  in  1870  18,390  bales  of  cotton, 
— more  than  any  other  county  in  the  state.  It  is  traversed 
by  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  <fc  Southern  and  St.  Louis 
Southwestern  Railroads,  which  make  a  junction  at  Pine 
Bluff,  the  capitaL  Pop.  in  1870,  15,733;  in  1880,  22,386; 
in  1890,  40,881. 

.  Jefferson,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Colorado, 
has  an  area  of  about  860  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.E.  by  the  South  Platte  River,  and  is  partly  drained 
by  Clear  Creek.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  beautiful 
mountain-scenery,  and  is  partly  covered  with  forests  of 
evergrein  trees.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile,  and  pro- 
duces wheat,  oats,  grass,  and  other  growths,  in  largo  abun- 
dance. Gold  is  found  near  the  AV.  border  of  this  county, 
which  has  also  beds  of  coal  or  lignite.  The  county  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Golden. 
Pop.  in  1870,  2390;  in  1880,  6804;  in  1890,  8450. 
,  Jefferson,  a  northern  county  of  Florida,  borders  on 
Georgia.  Area,  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.  by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  on  the  E.  by  the  Aucilla 
(or  Ocilla)  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton  and 
Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Florida  Central  &  Peninsula  and  Savannah, 
Florida  <fc  Western  Railroads.  Capital,  Monticello.  Pop. 
in  1870,  13,398,  of  whom  13,341  were  Americans;  in  1880, 
16,065;  in  1890,  15,757. 

Jefferson,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an 
area  of  about  640  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Ogeechee  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Rocky  Comfort  and 
_Brier  Creeks.     The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level. 


and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  ia. 
partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Central 
Georgia  and  Augusta,  Gibson  &  Landersville  Railroads. 
Capital,  Louisville.  Pop,  in  1870,  12,190;  in  1880, 15,671} 
in  1890,  17,213. 

Jefferson,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an 
area  of  580  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Big  Muddy 
River,  which  rises  in  it,  by  the  East  Fork  of  that  river,  and 
by  Horse  Creek.  The  surface  is  partly  level  and  partly 
undulating,  and  is  extjensively  covered  with  forests  of  whito 
and  black  oak,  hickory,  black  walnut,  sugar-maple,  Ac. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  beds  of  bitumi- 
nous coal  and  sandstone.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Louis- 
ville, Evansville  &  St.  Louis  and  Jacksonville  Southeastern 
Railroads.  The  Illinois  Central  Railroad  touches  its  N.W, 
corner.  Capital,  Mount  Vernon.  Pop.  in  1870,  17,864} 
in  1880,  20,686;  in  1890,  22,590. 

Jefferson,  a  southeastern  county  of  Indiana,  borders 
on  Kentucky.  Area,  about  370  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  S.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Big 
Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  except  some  steep  hills 
which  occur  near  the  Ohio  River.  The  soil  is  fertile.  A 
large  portion  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  oats,  hay,  pork,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products. 
Limestone  underlies  part  of  this  county,  which  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis 
Railroad  and  a  branch  of  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad. 
Capital,  Madison.  Pop.  in  1870,  29,741 ;  in  1880,  25,977; 
in  1890,  24,507. 

Jefferson,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an 
area  of  432  square  miles.  Skunk  River  runs  through  the 
N.E.  part  of  this  county,  which  is  intersected  by  Big  Cedar 
Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  diversified  with 
prairies  and  forests  of  oak,  hickory,  black  walnut,  &o.  The 
soil  is  very  fertile.  In  1870  this  county  had  69,429  acres 
of  woodland,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  pork,  and 
wool  are  the  staple  products.  Mines  of  bituminous  coal 
have  been  opened  in  it.  The  Chicago,  Burlington  <fc  Quincy 
Railroad  intersects  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific 
Railroad  at  Fairfield,  which  is  the  capital.  Pop,  in  1870, 
17,839;  in  1880,  17,469;  in  1890,  15,184. 

Jefferson,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an 
area  of  about  568  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by 
the  Kansas  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Delaware  (or 
Grasshopper)  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is 
diversified  with  prairies  and  woodlands.  The  soil  is  very 
fertile,  Indian  corn,  oats,  cattle,  hay,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Limestone  underlies  part  of  this  county, 
and  bituminous  coal  is  found  in  it.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6,  Union  Pacific,  and  Kan- 
sas City,  Wyandotte  &  Northwestern  Railroads,  of  which 
the  first  and  the  last  named  communicate  with  Oskaloosa, 
the  capital.  Pop,  in  1870,  12,526;  in  1880, 15,563;  in  1890, 
16,620. 

Jefferson,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kentucky,  has 
an  area  of  about  375  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.W.  and  W.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  is  intersected  by 
Floyd's  Creek.  The  surface  is  mostly  undulating,  and  is 
extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  pork,  and  potatoes  are  the 
staple  products,  Devonian  limestone  underlies  a  large 
part  of  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Louisville  ife 
Nashville,  Louisville,  Evansville  &  St.  Louis  Consolidated, 
Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Corydon,  Louisville  Southern, 
Burlington  &  Missouri  River,  Chicago,  Rock  Island  & 
Pacific,  Missouri  Pacific,  Newport  News  &  Mississippi  Val- 
ley, Ohio  &  Mississippi,  and  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati,  Chicago 
&  St.  Louis  Railroads,  all  centring  at  Louisville,  the  capi- 
tal. This  is  the  most  populous  county  of  the  state.  Pop. 
in  1870,  118,953;  in  1880,  146,010;  in  1890,  188,598. 

Jefferson,  a  parish  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Louisiana,  has 
an  area  of  about  390  square  miles.  It  is  a  part  of  the 
delta  of  the  Mississippi  River,  by  which  it  is  intersected. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake  Pontchartrain,  and  is  con- 
tiguous to  the  city  of  New  Orleans.  The  surface  is  level 
and  low.  The  soil  is  alluvial  and  fertile.  Sugar-cane, 
cotton,  and  rice  are  the  staple  products.  This  parish  is 
intersected  by  the  Southern  Pacific,  Texas  &  Pacific,  Illi- 
nois Central,  and  Louisville,  New  Orleans  &  Texas  Rail., 
roads.  Capital,  CarroUton.  Pop.  in  1870, 17,767;  in  1880, 
12,166;  in  1890,  13,221. 

Jefferson,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Mississippi, 
has  an  area  of  about  490  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  which  separates  it  from 
Louisiana.     The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and 


JEF 


1502 


JEF 


»  largo  portion  of  it  is  eoverod  with  foreita.  The  soil  Is 
fertile.  Cottun  and  Indinn  com  aro  the  staple  products. 
This  oounty  is  traversed  bv  the  Louisville,  New  Orleans  A 
Tezu  lUilroad.  CapiUl,  Fayette.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,8-18  ; 
in  1880,  17,3U;  in  1890,  I8,U47. 

Jefferson^  a  county  in  the  E.  port  of  Missouri,  has  nn 
mnm  of  about  640  square  uiile».  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
hy  the  Mississippi  Uiver,  and  is  intersected  by  Dig  Uiver. 
The  Maraiueo  Hiver  forms  a  part  of  the  northern  boundnry 
of  the  county,  which  is  also  drained  >>y  Plattin  Creek.  The 
eurfaco  is  partly  level  and  partly  billy,  and  neiirly  half  of 
it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile,  except 
that  of  the  hills.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  |>ork,  and  cuttle 
are  the  staple  products.  Lead  and  limestone  are  found  in 
this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  St.  Li)ui<>,  Iron  Moun- 
tain A  Southern  Railroad,  which  croi<8os  the  S.  portion  and 
follows  the  E.  border.  Capital,  Hillsborough.  Popv  in 
1870,  15,380;  in  1880,  18,736;  in  1890,  22,484. 

JcflTerson,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Montana,  has 
an  urea  of  1S50  .square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  Jefiferson  Fork  of 
the  Missouri.  The  surface  is  mountainons,  and  partly  cov- 
ered with  forests  of  pine  or  fir.  Thi^  county  coni)>rises  part 
of  the  Rocky  Mountains.  Its  eastern  side  belongs  to  the 
Atlantic  slope,  and  its  western  to  the  Pacific  slope.  The 
soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  Among  its  minerals  are  gold, 
silver,  granite,  and  Silurian  limestone.  It  is  traversed  by 
the  Montana  Central  Railroad.  Capital,  Riulersburg.  Pop. 
in  1870,  1531 ;  in  1880,  2464  ;  in  1890,  6020. 

Jefferson^  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Nebraska,  bor- 
dering on  Kansas,  has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  Little  Blue  River,  and  is  alxo  drained  by 
Brush,  Little  Sandy,  and  Muddy  Creeks.  The  surface  is 
undulating  or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Timber  is 
■oarce  in  this  county,  the  greater  part  of  which  is  prairie. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products. 
Cretaceous  strata  underlie  the  surface.  This  county  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific,  Union 
Pacific,  and  St.  Joseph  &,  Grand  Island  Railroads.  Capital, 
Fairbury.  Pop.  in  1870,  2440;  in  1880,  8096;  in  1890, 
14,850. 

Jefferson,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  New  York,  has 
nn  area  of  about  1147  square  miles,  excluding  Lake  On- 
tario. It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  St.  Lawrence 
River,  and  on  the  W.  by  Lake  Ontario,  and  is  intersected 
by  Black  and  Indian  Rivers,  which  afford  abundant  water- 
power.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  gentle  undulations, 
abrupt  terraces,  and  deep  ravines.  A  large  portion  of  it  is 
covered  with  forests,  in  which  ihe  oak,  ash,  beech,  and 
«agar-ma]>Ie  abound.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  adapted  to 
pasturage  and  dairy-farming.  Hay,  oats,  butter,  choose, 
barley,  potatoes,  and  maple  sugar  are  the  staple  products. 
Trenton  limestone,  Potsdam  sandstone,  granite,  and  gneiss 
anderlie  parts  of  this  county,  which  has  also  abundant 
deposits  of  iron  ore.  It  is  intersected  and  traversed  in 
inany  directions  by  the  Rome,  Watertown  <t  Ogdensburg 
Bailroad,  of  which  Watertown,  the  capital,  is  an  important 
junction.  Pop.  in  1870,  65,415;  in  1830,  66,103;  in  1890, 
68,806. 

Jefferson,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an  area 
of  about  435  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E,  by  the 
Ohio  River,  which  separates  it  from  West  Virginia,  and  is 
drained  by  Yellow  and  Cross  Creeks.  The  surface  is  moder- 
ately hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil 
is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheal,  hay,  wool,  and  oats  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  has  mines  of  bituminous 
eoal.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati,  Chicago 
A  St.  Louis,  Wheeling  <t  Lake  Erie,  Pennsylvania,  and 
Cleveland  &  Pittsburg  Railroads.  Capital.  Steubenville. 
Pop.  in  1870,  29,188;  in  1880,  33,018;  in  1890,  39,415. 

Jefferson,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, ha?  an  areaof  about  640  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.W.  by  Clarion  River,  and  is  drained  by  Red  Bank 
and  Mahoning  Creeks.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  partly 
covered  with  extensive  forests.  The  soil  is  generally  fertile. 
Lumber,  oats,  Indian  corn,  hay,  wheat,  and  rye  are  the 
vtaple  products.  Among  its  minerals  are  coal  and  iron  ore. 
It  is  intersected  through  its  entire  breadth  by  the  Low 
Grade  division  of  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  of  which 
Brookville.  the  capital,  is  a  station.  Pop.  in  1870,  21,656; 
in  1880,  27,935  ;  in  1890,  44,005. 

Jefferson,  a  county  of  East  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of 
about  310  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the 
Holslon  River,  and  intersected  by  the  French  Broad  River. 
The  surfoce  is  diversified  with  high  ridges  and  fertile  val- 
leys, and  presents  beautiful  scenery.  Nearly  half  of  it  is 
Covered  with  forests  of  the  hickory,  oak,  sugar-maple,  pop- 


lar, and  walnut.  Indian  com,  wheat,  oats,  grass,  nnd  pork 
are  the  staple  prmlucts.  Among  the  minerals  which  are 
found  in  this  county  aro  iron  ore  and  limestone.  It  is  ia> 
torseoted  by  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  A,  Georgia  Rail, 
road.  Capital,  Dandridge.  Pop.  in  1870,  19,476;  in  18B0, 
15,846:  in  1890,  16,478. 

Jefferson,  a  oounty  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
area  of  about  91)0  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
the  Nechcs  River  and  Sabine  Lake,  and  on  the  S.  by  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico.  The  surface  is  a  nearly  level  open  plain 
or  prairie,  which  produces  juisturo  for  numerous  herds  of 
cattle.  These  are  the  chief  articles  of  export.  This  count/ 
is  intersected  in  its  N.  portion  by  the  Southern  i'aoiSo  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Beaumont.  Pop.  in  1870,  1906;  in  1880, 
3489;  in  1890,  5857. 

Jefferson,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Washington, 
Area,  about  1688  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
Admiralty  Inlet  and  Hood's  Canal,  and  on  the  W.  by  the 
Pacific  Ocean.  The  surface  is  partly  mountainous,  oxten- 
sively  covered  with  forests,  and  watered  by  numerous  riven 
and  streams,  among  them  the  Olialat,  Quiets,  Raft,  nnd 
Quinaiult  Rivers,  all  of  which  rise  in  the  Olympic  Moun- 
tains, in  this  county.  The  most  prominent  feature  it 
Mount  Olympus,  which  stands  near  the  N.  border  and  hit* 
an  altitude  of  8138  feet.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile. 
Lumber,  wheat,  barley,  grass,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  entered  by  the  Port  Townsend 
Southern  Railroad.  Capital,  Port  Tojvnsend.  Pop.  in  1870, 
1268;  in  1880,  1712;  in  1890,  8368. 

Jefferson,  the  most  ea.^tern  county  of  West  Virginia, 
bordering  on  Maryland,  has  an  area  of  about  280  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Potomac  River, 
and  on  the  N.W.  by  Opequan  Creek,  and  is  intersected  by 
the  Shenandoah  River.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the 
Blue  Ridge,  and  is  a  continuation  of  the  Great  Valley  of 
Virginia.  The  surface  presents  picturesque  scenery,  es- 
pecially in  the  vicinity  of  Harper's  Ferry.  The  soil  it 
fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hny,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Fine  limestone  underlies  the  soil.  Tbii 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Baltimore  i&  Ohio  Railroad  and 
the  Norfolk  <t  Western  Railroad,  both  of  which  communi- 
cate with  Charlcstown,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,219; 
in  1880,  15,005;  in  1890,  15,553. 

Jefferson,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Wisconsin,  hat 
an  area  of  570  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Rook 
River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Crawfish  and  Bark  Rivers. 
In  the  S  W.  part  of  this  county.  Rock  River  expands  into 
a  lake,  named  Koshkonong,  which  is  nearly  8  miles  long. 
The  surface  of  the  county  is  undulating,  and  the  soil  is  very 
fertile,  especially  in  the  valley  of  Kock  River.  Wheat, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  butter,  and  wool  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  liberally  supplied  with 
hard  timber.  Silurian  limestone  underlies  part  of  its  soil. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  A,  Northwestern  Rail- 
road and  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad. 
Capital,  Jefi"erson.  Pop.  in  1870,  34,040;  in  1880,  32,156; 
in  1891),  33,530. 

Jefferson,  a  post-village  of  Marengo  co.,  Ala.,  11  miles 
S.W,  of  Demopolis.  It  has  1  or  2  churches,  an  academy,  2 
steam  grist-mills,  a  drug-store,  and  several  general  stores. 
Pop.  about  150, 

Jefferson,  a  post-village  of  Jefiferson  co..  Ark.,  5  miles 
(direct)  S.  of  Redfield.  It  has  a  saw-mill  and  general 
stores.     Pop.  about  100. 

Jefferson,  a  village  of  Park  co..  Col.,  about  65  miles 
S.W.  of  Denver. 

Jefferson,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jackson  co.,  Qa., 
18  miles  N.W.  of  Athens,  and  about  60  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Atlanta.  It  has  a  court-house,  the  Martin  Institute,  a  news- 
paper office,  3  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  several  general 
stores.     Pop.  in  1890,  540. 

Jefferson,  a  former  post-township  of  Cook  co..  III.,  em- 
bracing the  villages  of  Jefiferson,  Irving  Park,  Humboldt 
Park,  Maplewood,  and  Montrose,  Since  1880  it  has  been 
annexed  to  Chicago. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Stephenson  co..  III.  Pop. 
535.     Post-oflBce,  Loran. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
line.     Pop.  1092. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1551. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Boone  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1894. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.,  bounded  W, 
by  the  Tippecanoe  River.     Pop.  1333. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.,  bordering  on 
the  Wab.ash.     Pop.  1127. 

Jefferson,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.,  in  Wash- 
ington township,  about  22  miles  S.E.  of  Lafayette,  and  i 


JEP 


1503 


JEP 


miles  W.  of  Frankfort.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  several 
■tores.     Pop.  25.3. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Elkhart  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  982. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Grant  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1398. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1348. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1234. 
It  contains  the  village  of  Sulphur  Springs. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Huntington  co.,  IncL  Pop. 
1227.     It  contains  part  of  the  village  of  Mount  Etna. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  J.ay  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1640. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.   Pop.  711. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1370. 
It  contains  Mexico. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1081. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Newton  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  1606. 
It  contains  Kentland. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Noble  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1292. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  2018. 
It  contains  Coal  City. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  2188. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  171. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  990. 
It  contains  Mount  Meridian. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Sullivan  eo.,  Ind.   Pop.  1251. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Switzerland  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Ohio  River.     Pop.  3208.     It  includes  Vevay. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Tipton  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1738. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Ind.     P.  1532. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1785. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Wells  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1773. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Whitley  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1263. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Adair  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  682. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa.     P.  971. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Bremer  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  862. 

Jefferson,  atownship  of  Buchanan  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  994. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  677. 
It  contain?  Butler  Centre. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Mis- 
sissippi River.    Pop.  (exclusive  of  Guttenberg)  1206. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Dubuque  ce.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Mississippi  River.     Pop.  1578. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  914. 

Jefferson,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Greene  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Jefferson  township,  on  the  Raccoon  River,  at  the  crossing 
of  the  Des  Moines,  Northern  <fc  Western  and  Chicago  & 
Northwestern  Railroads,  81  miles  W.  of  Marshalltown,  and 
about  55  miles  N.W.  of  Des  Moines.  It  contains  a  court- 
house, an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  2  banking-houses, 
and  4  churches.  Pop.  in  1880,  1444;  in  1890,  1875.  It 
has  manufactures  of  cigars,  flour,  and  ploughs. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Harrison  oo.,  Iowa.    Pop.  1038. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  1267. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  862. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Missis- 
Bppi  River.     Pop.  981. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Louisa  eo.,  Iowa,  on  the  Mis- 
sissippi River.     Pop.  712.     It  contains  Toolsborough. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  828. 

Jefferson, atownshipofMahaskaco.,  Iowa.    Pop.  1033. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Marshall  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  759. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  903. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Poweshiek  co.,  Iowa.     P.  836. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Ringgold  co.,  Iowa.     P.  592. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.^14. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Taylor  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  639. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  930. 

Jetferson,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  745. 

Jetlerson,  a  township  of  Chautauqua  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
869.     Post-oflices,  Cedarvale,  Fulda,  and  Lisbon. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
564.     It  contains  Carlton. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
673.     It  contains  Circleville. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
2084.     Post-offices,  Winchester,  Boyle,  and  Nortonville. 

Jefferson,  a  post-township  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas,  18 
wiles  X.N.E.  of  Concordia.     Pop.  457. 

Jefferson,  a  former  town  of  Jefl'erson  parish,  La.,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  about  1  mile  above  New  Orleans.  In 
1870  it  wiis  annexed  to  that  city,  of  which  it  forms  the  12th, 
13th,  and  14th  wards.  It  is  on  the  Louisiana  &  Texas  Rail- 
road, and  is  the  seat  of  a  Catholic  academy  and  college. 

Jefferson,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co.,  Mo.,  in  Jef- 
ferson township,  on  the  Damariscotta  River,  18  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Augusta.  It  has  1  or  2  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  and 
•  lumber-mill.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1821.  It  contains 
the  Village  of  East  Jefferson. 


Jefferson,  a  post-village  of  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  7  milec 
S.W.  of  Frederick  City.     It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  257. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1063. 

Jefferson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Jefferson  township,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Hillsdale.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1897.  It  contains  the  village  of  Osseo,  and  is 
traversed  by  the  Michigan  Southern  Railroad. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Houston  co.,  Minn.  Pop. 
480.     It  forms  the  southeasternmost  angle  of  the  state. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Andrew  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1605. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Cedar  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1040. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Clarke  co..  Mo.     Pop.  843. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Cole  co..  Mo.  Pop.  1839,  ex- 
clusive of  Jefferson  City. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Daviess  eo..  Mo.     Pop.  1059. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Grundy  co..  Mo.     Pop.  874. 

Jefferson,  a  station  in  Jefferson  co..  Mo.,  on  the  St. 
Louis  A  Iron  Mountain  Railroad,  and  on  the  Mississippi  at 
the  mouth  of  the  river  Maramec,  19  miles  S.  of  St.  Louis. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Linn  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1810. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Maries  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1123. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Monroe  co..  Mo.  Pop.  2147. 
It  contains  Florida. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Osage  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  1390. 
Post-office,  Byron. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Polk  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  480. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Saline  co..  Mo.     Pop.  3002. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Scotland  oo.,  Mo.  Pop.  3297. 
It  contains  Memphis. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Shelby  co..  Mo.     Pop.  867. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Wayne  co..  Mo.     Pop.  371. 

Jefferson,  a  post-office  and  mining  camp  of  Nye  co., 
Nevada,  about  75  miles  S.  of  Austin.     Silver  is  found  here. 

Jefferson,  or  Jetferson  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cooi 
CO.,  N.H.,  in  Jefferson  township,  7  miles  S.  of  Lancaster. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  several  starch-mills  and  saw-mills. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  826. 

Jefferson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Harrison  township,  about  15  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Camden. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.  Pop.  1430. 
It  contains  Hopatcong,  Woodport,  <fec. 

Jefferson,  a  post-village  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Jefferson  township,  about  48  miles  W.S.W.  of  Albany,  and 
5  miles  N.  of  Stamford.  It  has  2  churches,  several  stores^ 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1536. 

Jefferson,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C., 
in  Jefferson  township,  a  few  miles  N.W.  of  the  Blue 
Ridge,  and  about  40  miles  S.E.  of  Abingdon,  Va.  It  has 
a  church.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1228.  Negro  Mountain 
in  this  township  is  said  to  rise  4300  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Guilford  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  1045. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  0.     Pop.  2268. 

•Jefferson,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0., 
in  Jefferson  township,  on  the  Franklin  division  of  the  Lake 
Shore  Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of  Ashtabula,  and  60  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Cleveland.  It  contains  4  churches,  2  national 
banks,  1  other  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  the  Jefferson 
Polytechnic  School.     Pop.  in  1880, 1008;  in  1890,  1346. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  0.  Pop.  1267. 
It  contains  Russellville. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  0.  Pop.  1446, 
It  contains  Westborough. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.  It  has 
beds  of  cannel  coal.     Pop.  1059. 

Jefferson,  a  hamlet  of  Darke  co.,  0.,  about  35  mileA 
N.W.  of  Dayton.     Pop.  107. 

Jefferson,  a  hamlet  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio 
Canal,  about  18  miles  S.E.  of  Columbus.     Pop.  76. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  0.  Pop.  2532. 
It  contains  Jeffersonville. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  0.     Pop.  1405. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  0.  Pop.  1277. 
It  contains  Bowersville. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Guernsey  co.,  0.     Pop.  904. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  0.  Pop.  3002. 
It  is  an  important  centre  of  the  iron-industry. 

Jeft'erson,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  0.  Pop.  1308.  It 
contains  Greersville  and  Mt.  Holly. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Logan  co.,  0.  Pop.  1634.  It 
contains  Zanesfield. 

Jefferson,  or  West  Jefferson,  a  post-village  of 
Madison  eo.,  0.,  in  Jefferson  township,  on  Darby  Creek, 
and  on  the  Little  Miami  Railroad,  15  miles  W.  of  Columbus. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  union  school,  a  money-order  post-office, 
and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  in  1880,720;  in  1890,778;  of  town- 
ship, 1957.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  West  Jefferson. 


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JEF 


Jeflersoiit  a  townihip  of  Meroer  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1557. 
It  oontitins  Colina. 

Jefferion,  a  to«m«hlp  of  Montgomery  oo.,  0.  Pop. 
8S50.     It  contAina  the  village  of  Liberty. 

JelTersunf  a  township  of  Nublo  co.,  0.  Pop.  1278.  It 
Mntains  Middloburg. 

Jetferson,  a  township  of  Preble  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Indiana 
line.     Pop.  1U53.     It  contains  New  Paris. 

Joffersont  a  township  of  Richland  oo.,  0.  Pop.  2251. 
It  oontivina  Belleville. 

Jolferxon,  a  township  of  Ro»  co.,  0.  Pop.  1013.  It 
eontnins  llichmond. 

Jettcrson^  a  township  of  Scioto  oo.,  0.    Pop.  550. 

Jcftcrson,  a  township  of  Tuscarawas  oo.,  0.     P.  1058. 

Jefferson  (Plain  Post-Offlce),  a  village  of  Wayne  oo., 
0.,  in  Plain  township,  5  miles  W.  of  Wooster.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Jetl'crson,  a  township  of  Williams  co.,  0.     Pop.  1564. 

Jetlerson,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Oregon,  on  tho 
Santiam  River,  and  on  the  Oregon  &  California  Railroad, 
19  miles  S.  of  Salem,  and  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Albivny.  It 
contains  the  Jefferson  Institute,  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  a 
saw-inill,  a  chair-factory,  and  a  manufactory  of  hosiery. 

Jelt'crsoU)  a  township  of  Alleghany  oo..  Pa.  Pop. 
2066,  exclusive  of  the  borough  of  West  Elizabeth.  It  has 
important  coal-mines. 

Jetferson,  a  township  of  Berks  oo..  Pa.     Pop.  1133. 

Jetl'erson,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1234, 
exclusive  of  the  borough  of  Saxenburg. 

Jefferson,  a  station  in  Clarion  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Emlen- 
ton  &  Shippcnsville  Railroad,  12  miles  £.  of  Emlenton. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  843. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Fayette  co..  Pa.,  bounded  W. 
by  the  Monongahela  River.     Pop.  1381. 

Jefferson,  a  post-village  in  Jefferson  township,  Greene 
00.,  Pa.,  on  Ten-Mile  Creek,  about  40  miles  S.  of  I'ittsburg. 
It  contains  4  churches  and  2  hotels.  Here  is  Monongahela 
College,  with  a  fine  brick  edifice.  Coal  is  mined  in  this 
township.     Pop.  about  600 ;  of  the  township,  1322. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Washington  co..  Pa.,  bounded 
on  the  W,  by  West  Virginia.  Pop.  825.  It  contains  El- 
dersville,  and  has  bods  of  excellent  coal. 

Jefferson,  a  borough  of  York,  Pa.,  on  the  Hanover 
Branch  Railroad,  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  York,  and  40  miles  S. 
of  Ilarrisburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  cigar- 
factory.     Pop.  374.     Here  is  Codorus  I'ost-Otfico. 

Jefferson,  a  post-office  of  Chesterfield  co.,  S.C,  about 
65  miles  N.N.E.  of  Columbia. 

Jefferson,  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  S.D.,  on  the 
Dakota  Southern  Railroad,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Sioux  City, 
Iowa,  It  is  near  the  Big  Sioux  River,  and  about  1  mile 
from  the  Missouri  River.     It  has  a  church. 

Jefferson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rutherford  co.,  Tenn., 
about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Nashville.     It  has  2  stores. 

Jefferson,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Marion  co.,  Tex.,  on 
Big  Cypress  Bayou,  4  miles  from  its  entrance  into  Caddo 
Lake,  and  on  the  Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad,  at  the  junction 
of  the  East  Line  &  Rod  River  Railroad,  16  miles  N.  of 
Marshall,  and  162  miles  E.  of  Dallas.  It  is  40  miles  in  a 
direct  line,  or  56  miles  by  railroad,  W.N.W.  of  Shreveport, 
La.  Steamboats  ascend  from  Red  River  through  the  lake 
and  bayou  to  this  point,  and  large  quantities  of  cotton 
and  many  cattle  are  shipped  hero.  Jefferson  is  the  most 
populous  town  of  Northeastern  Texas.  It  has  a  Catholic 
female  academy,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  7  churches, 
2  iron-foundries,  and  a  tannery.  Two  daily  and  3  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  3072. 

Jefferson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Powhatan  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
S.  bank  of  James  River,  35  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Richmond. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Green  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Illinois 
line.     Pop.  1714. 

Jefferson,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Jefferson  co..  Wis., 
in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  and  on  Rock  River,*  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Crawfish  River,  about  50  miles  W.  of  Mil- 
waukee, and  on  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  25 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Janesville,  and  13  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Water- 
town.  It  has  8  churches,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank, 
the  Jefferson  Liberal  Institute,  a  woollen-mill,  a  flouring- 
mill,  2  tanneries,  a  foundry,  a  ohair-factory,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  in  1880,  2115 ;  in  1890,  2287. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Monroe  co..  Wis.     Pop.  966. 

Jefferson,  a  township  of  Vernon  co..  Wis.  Pop.  1194. 
It  contains  Springville. 

Jefferson  Barracks,  a  post-village  of  St.  Louis  co.. 
Mo.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron 
Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of  the  initial 
«t»tion  at  St.  Louis,  and  3  miles  S.  of  the  southern  limit  of 


that  city.  Here  is  a  government  reservation  of  about  1700 
acres,  with  an  arsenal,  large  powder-magaiines,  and  a  na- 
tional cemetery. 

Jefferson  City,  the  capital  of  tho  state  of  Misoouri 
and  of  Cole  oo.,  is  situated  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  MisKoiiri 
River,  about  150  miles  from  its  mouth.  Lat.  38°  30'  N.; 
Ion.  92°  9'  W.  By  railroad  it  is  125  miles  W.  of  St.  liOuis, 
and  158  miles  E.S.E.  of  Kansas  City.  It  is  connected  with 
these  *ties  by  tho  Missouri  I'auitio  and  Chicago  &  Alton 
Railroads.  The  city  is  built  on  elevated  ground,  whiuh 
commands  a  fine  view  of  the  river,  and  contains  a  liiiiestono 
state-house,  a  court-house,  a  statu  prison  built  of  stone,  the 
Lincoln  Institute,  a  female  seminary,  4  bunks,  9  churches, 
2  foundries,  2  shoe-factories,  and  manufactures  of  laruiing- 
iuiplcuients  and  wagons.  One  daily  and  4  weekly  news- 
papers are  published  here.  Coal  and  limestone  are  found 
in  the  vicinity.  Pop.  in  1870,  4420;  in  1880,  6271;  in 
1890.  6742. 

Jefferson  City,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Mon- 
tana, on  the  Prickly  Pear  River,  about  15  miles  S.  of  Hel- 
ena, and  near  the  base  of  the  Rocky  Mountains.  Gold  and 
silver  are  found  here.  It  has  a  church,  and  2  mills  for  the 
reduction  of  silver  ore.     Pop.  104. 

Jefferson  Hill,  New  IlampHhire.    See  JKFFF.nsox. 

Jefferson  Island,  a  post-office  of  Madison  oo.,  Mon- 
tana. ' 

Jefferson  Junction,  a  station  in  Susquehanna  oo., 
Pa.,  at  the  junction  of  tho  Jefferson  Branch  of  the  Erie 
Railroad  with  the  Delaware  &  Hudson  Railroad,  35  miles 
N.  of  Carbondale. 

Jefferson  Lake,  Minnesota,  is  in  the  S.  part  of  Le 
Sueur  CO.,  about  8  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Peter.  It  is  nearly  6 
miles  long. 

Jefferson  Line,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clearfield  oo..  Pa., 
about  20  miles  W.  of  Clearfield. 

Jefferson  Medical  College.    See  Philadelpbia. 

Jefferson  Mines,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ala.^ 
on  the  AVarrior  River,  and  on  the  South  &  North  Alabama 
Railroad,  at  Jefferson  Station.      Coal  is  mined  here. 

Jefferson,  Mount,  New  Hampshire,  a  peak  of  the 
AVhite  Mountains,  in  Coos  co.,  about  5  miles  N.  of  Mount 
Washington,  has  an  altitude  of  5657  feet  above  the  sea. 

Jefferson,  Mount,  Oregon,  a  peak  of  the  Cascade 
range,  on  the  E.  border  of  Linn  co.  Its  top  is  covered  with 
perpetual  snow.  It  is  near  lat.  44°  36'  N.  and  Ion.  121" 
35'  W.     Its  altitude  is  said  to  be  10,200  feet. 

Jefferson  River,  or  Jefferson  Fork  of  the  Mis- 
souri, is  formed  by  three  branches,  named  Beaver  Head 
River,  Big  Hole  or  Wisdom  River,  and  Passamari  Creek, 
which  rise  in  tho  Rocky  Mountains  and  unite  on  the  N.W. 
border  of  Madison  co.,  Montana.  It  runs  northeastward, 
and,  after  a  course  of  about  140  miles,  unites  with  the  Mad- 
ison River  and  the  Gallatin  Fork  at  Gallatin,  Montana, 
about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Boxoman.  The  stream  formed  by 
this  confluence  is  the  Missouri  River.  Tho  Jefferson  River 
traverses  a  mountainous  country  in  which  gold  is  found. 
Its  valley  is  partly  fertile. 

Jefferson  Station,  a  station  in  Jefferson  parish,  La., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  12  miles  above  New  Orleans,  also 
on  Morgan's  Louisiana  &  Texas  Railroad,  and  on  the  New 
Orleans  &  Texas  Railroad,  at  a  place  called  AVhito  Church 
Bend  (formerly  Free  Negro  Bend).     Hero  is  a  church. 

Jefferson  Station,  York  co..  Pa.    See  Jefferson. 

J^f'fersonton,  a  post-village  of  Culpeper  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Rappahannock  River,  about  56  miles  VV.S.W.  of  Wash 
ington,  D.C.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  400. 

Jef'fersontown,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ky., 
about  10  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Louisville.  It  has  a  drug-store, 
an  academy,  4  churches,  a  plough-factory,  Ac. 

Jefferson  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Westchester  co., 
N.Y.,  about  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Newburg. 

Jeffersonville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Twiggs  co., 
Ga.,  about  22  miles  S.E.  of  Maoon.  It  has  3  churches  and 
the  Auburn  Institute. 

Jeffersonville,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co..  III.,  on 
the  Springfield  division  of  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad, 
125  miles  S.S.E.  of  Springfield,  and  5  miles  N.  of  Fairfield. 
It  has  a  drug-store  and  2  churches.     Pop.  about  300. 

Jeffersonville,  a  hamlot  of  Williamson  co..  III.,  6 
miles  N.  of  Marion.  It  has  a  church  and  a  tobacco-factory. 
Here  is  Lake  Creek  Post-Offiee. 

Jeffersonville,  a  township  of  Clarke  co.,  Ind.,  is  ad- 
jacent to  the  city  of  the  same  name,  and  is  bounded  on  the 
S.  by  the  Ohio  River. 

Jeffersonville,  a  city  of  Clarke  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  opposite  Louisville,  Ky.,  5  or  6  miles  above  New  Al- 
bany, and  108  miles  S.  of  Indianapolis.    The  river  is  hera 


JEP 


150.> 


JEM 


nearly  1  mile  wide,  encloses  several  verdant  islands,  and 
falls  22  feet  in  2  miles.  JeflFersonville  is  the  S.W.  terminus 
of  a  branch  of  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  which  con- 
nects with  the  main  line  at  North  Vernon,  and  is  the  S. 
terminus'  of  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  <fc  St.  Louis 
llaili-oad,  which  here  crosses  the  river  on  an  iron  bridge, — 
perhaps  the  longest  ir9n  structure  in  the  United  States. 
This  bridge  is  the  connecting  link  between  the  great  rail- 
way systems  of  the  North  and  South.  The  city  is  built  on 
elevated  ground,  which  commands  a  fine  view  of  the  river 
and  of  Louisville.  It  contains  14  churches,  the  Jefferson 
depot  for  array  supplies  (the  largest  in  the  United  States), 
3  national  banks,  the  Southern  State  Prison,  a  high  school, 
leverul  iron-foundries  and  machine-shops,  and  the  Ohio 
Falls  Car-Works.  A  daily  and  a  weekly  newspaper  are 
published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  10,666. 

Jetfersonville,  a  post- village  of  Montgomery  cc,  Ky., 
about  40  miles  E.  of  Lexington.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist- 
Oilll,  and  a  planing-mill. 

JeHersonville,  a  post-village  of  AVorcester  co.,  Mass., 
in  llolden  township,  on  the  Boston,  Barre  &  Gardner  Rail- 
road, U)  miles  N.N.W.  of  Worcester.  It  has  a  manufactory 
of  satinet. 

.'  Jettersonville,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Callicoon  township,  about  35  miles  N.N.W.  of  Port  Jervis. 
It  has  4  churches  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Jeffersonville,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  0.,  in 
Jefferson  township,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Washington  Court- 
Uouse,  and  40  miles  S.W.  of  Columbus.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  union  school,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  212. 

•  Jetfersonville,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa., 
in  Norriton  township,  near  the  Schuylkill  River,  about  3 
Ailes  N.W.  of  Norristown.  It  has  a  church  and  manufac- 
tures of  cotton,  carriages,  and  farm-implements. 
.Jetfersonville,  a  post-village  of  Lamoille  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Cambridge  township,  on  the  Lamoille  River,  and  on  the 
Burlington  &  Lamoille  and  Portland  &  Ogdcnsburg  Rail- 
roads, 24  miles  E.N.E.  of  Burlington.  It  has  a  church,  2 
gaw-mills,  and  2  carriage-shops.  The  name  of  its  station 
is  Cambridge  Junction. 

Jetfersonville,  or  Tazewell  Conrt-House,  a 
post-village,  capital  of  Tazewell  co.,  Va.,  is  in  a  mountainous 
region,  48  miles  N.B.  of  Abingdon.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  a  high  school.  Copper,  lead,  and  iron 
ore  are  said  to  be  found  here.  Pop.  in  1890,  604.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Tazewell  Court-House. 

Jeffress'  Store,  a  post-office  of  Nottoway  co.,  Va. 

Jeffreys,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  2005, 

Jetfrey's  Creek,  of  South  Carolina,  flows  into  Pedee 
River  from  the  right,  in  Marion  co. 

Jetfrey's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  S.C. 

Jetfries,  jef'friz,  a  post-office  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  about 
30  miles  N.  of  Altoona. 

Jef'friesburg,  a  post-hamlct  of  Franklin  co.,  Mo.,  12 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Washington.     It  has  a  church. 

Jefremov,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Yefremov. 

Jeflterevskaia,  or  Jefterewsktya,  Russia.  See 
Yeptehevskaia. 

Jegorjevsk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Yegortevsk. 

Jegorlyk,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Yegorlyk. 

J^gun,  zhi^guso',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gers,  12  miles 
N.W.  of  Auch.     Pop.  1984. 

Jehanabad,  or  Jahanabad,  ja.-h8,n-S,-b3,d',  a  town 
of  Bengal,  district  of  Burdwan,  on  the  Dalkissore,  40  miles 
N.W.  of  Calcutta.  Pop.  13,409.  Its  population  has  been 
much  reduced  from  the  prevalence  of  fever. 

Jehanabad,  or  Jahanabad,  a  town  of  Bengal,  dis- 
trict and  31  miles  N.  of  Gaya.  It  has  a  dispensary,  a  jail, 
a  small  trade,  and  some  cotton-weaving.     Pop.  21,022. 

Jeho,  or  Jehol,  China.    See  Zhehol. 

Jchoon,  a  river  of  Asia.    See  Amoo-Darya. 

Jeia,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Yeia. 

Jeisk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Yeisk:. 

Jeitpoor,  or  Jeitpur,  jlt'poor',  a  town  of  India,  Alla- 
habad division,  22  miles  N.  of  Chatterpoor.     Pop.  5880. 

Jeja,  or  Jaija,  j4'j3,,  written  also  Jaya,  a  town  of 
Afghanistan,  48  miles  N.N.W.  of  Furrah. 

Jejur'ry,  a  town  of  British  India,  presidency  of  Bom- 
bay, 37  miles  S.E.  of  Poonah. 

Jejuy,  or  Xexuy,  ni-Hwee',  a  river  of  Paraguay,  flows 
W.  120  miles,  and  joins  the  Paraguay  N.  of  Assumption. 

Jekaterinenburg,  Russia.    See  Yekaterisboouo. 

Jekaterinenstadt,  or  Jekatrinstadt.     See  Ye- 

KATERINSTADT. 

Jekaterininskoi,  Russia.    See  Yekaterininskoi. 
Jekaterinodar,  Russia.     See  Yekaterinodar. 
Jekateriuograd,  Russia.    See  Yekatekisograd. 


Jekaterinopol,  Russia.    See  Yekaterinopol. 

Jekaterinoslav,  Russia.    See  Yekaterinoslav. 

Jekaterinskaja,  Russia.    See  Yekaterinskaia. 

Jekil-Irniak.     See  Yeshil-Irmak. 

Jelabuga,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Yelaboooa. 

Jelagui,  a  river  of  Siberia.    See  Yelagooi. 

Jelalabad,  jdl-^-lS.-b&d',  a  town  of  Afghanistan,  in  a 
fertile  plain,  near  the  Cabool  River,  78  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Cabool,  on  the  route  to  Peshawer.  Its  stationary  popula- 
tion is  probably  3000;  but  the  number  is  greatly  aug- 
mented in  winter.  It  is  famous  for  the  heroic  and  suc- 
cessful resistance  made  here  by  the  British  troops,  under 
Sir  Robert  Sale,  in  1841-2. 

Jelalabad  (formerly  Dooshak),  a  city  and  capital  of 
Seistan,  Southwest  Afghanistan,  near  the  river  Helmund. 
Lat.  31°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  61°  40'  E.  Estimated  pop.  10,000. 
It  is  neatly  built  of  sun-dried  bricks,  and  has  around  it 
extensive  ruins.  Jelalabad  is  also  the  name  of  several  other 
towns  of  British  India. 

Jelalabad,  a  town  of  India,  district  and  20  miles 
S.W.  of  Shahjehanpoor.     Pop.  6394. 

Jelalapoor,  or  Jalalapur,  j§-lil-l3,-poor',  a  town  of 
British  India,  on  the  Betwah,  20  miles  S.  of  Kalpee. 

Jelalkaira,  j51-il-ki'ri,  a  town  of  India,  district  and 
45  miles  W.N.W.  of  Nagpoor.     Pop.  3396. 

Jelalpoor,  a  town  of  the  Punjab.    See  JuLAi.rooR. 

Jelania,  yi-li'ne-i,  or  Jclanii  Nos,  yA-l&n'yee 
nocc,  a  cape  forming  the  N.E.  extremity  of  Nova  Zembla. 

Jelas^poor',  or  JelaPpoor',  a  town  of  the  Fyzabad 
district,  British  India.     Pop.  6275. 

Jelatma,  or  Jelatom,  Russia.    See  Yelatom. 

Jeletz,  or  Eletz,  a  city  of  Russia.    See  Yelets. 

Jelgava,  or  Jclp^awa,  Russia.    See  Mitau. 

Jelisabetgrad,  Russia.     See  Yelisavetgrad. 

Jell,  j511,  a  town  of  Beloochistan,  70  miles  S.W.  of  Kclat. 
Pop.  about  2000. 

Jelling,  ySl'ling,  a  village  of  Denmark,  in  North  Jut- 
land, 5  miles  N.W.  of  Veile.  It  was  formerly  a  roj'al  resi- 
dence, and  is  remarkable  for  Runic  inscriptions  and  for 
Danish  royal  tombs  of  the  tenth  century. 

Jel'linghy,  or  Jalanghi,  ja-lin'ghee,  a  town  of 
India,  district  and  30  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Moorshedabad,  on 
the  Jellinghy,  a  branch  of  the  Ganges. 

Jelloway,  Knox  co.,  0.    See  Brownsville. 

Jelmar,  a  lake  of  Sweden.    See  Hjelmar. 

Jelnia,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Yelnia. 

Jelolo,  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Gilolo. 

Jelpigory,  a  town  of  India.    See  Julpiooree. 

Jelsi,  ySl'see,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  10  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Campobasso.    Pop.  2898. 

Jelum,  a  river  of  the  Punjab.    See  Jhylum. 

Jem,  a  river  of  Asia.     See  Emba. 

Jem,  or  Jemm,  a  town  of  Tunis.     See  El-Jemm. 

Jem,  a  post-office  of  Clarke  co.,  Mo. 

Jemalabad,  or  Jamallabad,  j^-m&l-i-b&d',  a  town 
of  India,  presidency  of  Madras,  110  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Calicut,  in  lat.  13°  3'  N.,  Ion.  75°  26'  E.,  with  an  almost 
inaccessible  fort,  built  by  Tippoo,  on  an  immense  rock. 

Jemarroo,  or  Jemarru,  j5m-ar-roo',  a  territory  of 
Senegambia,  S.  of  the  Gambia  River,  between  lat.  13°  and 
14°  30'  N. 

Jemeppe,  or  Jemeppes,  zh4-m6pp',  a  village  of  Bel- 
gium, in  Liege,  on  the  Meuse,  opposite  Seraing.    Pop.  4500. 

Jemgum,  yfim'goom,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  15 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Aurich,  on  the  Ems.     Pop.  1223. 

Jemilah,  or  Djemilah,  j6ra^oe'li\  an  ancient  city  of 
Algeria,  province  and  50  miles  AV.  of  Constantino.  It  con- 
tains interesting  monuments  of  antiquity. 

Jemison,  Alabama.    See  Jamison. 

Jenimapes,  or  Gemappe,  zh.Vmip',  a  town  of  Bel- 
gium, in  Ilainaut,  on  the  Haine  River,  and  on  the  canal 
from  Mons  to  Cond6,  3  miles  AV.  of  Mons.  Pop.  11,405, 
engaged  in  brewing,  tanning,  and  raising  coal.  Here  the 
French  defeated  the  Austrian  forces  in  1792,  an  event  which 
led  to  the  annexation  of  Belgium  to  France,  after  which 
Jemmapes  gave  name  to  a  department  nearly  co-extensiv6 
with  the  province  of  Ilainaut. 

Jem'seg,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co..  New  Brunswick, 
on  the  Jemseg,  a  navigable  affluent  of  the  St.  John  River, 
49  miles  from  St.  John.  St.  John  steamers  call  hero. 
Pop.  150. 

Jemtland,  ySmt'lint,  or  Ostersnnd,  os't?r-soont\.  a 
Isfsn  or  province  of  Sweden,  bounded  AV.  by  Norway.  Area, 
20,886  square  miles.  It  abounds  in  lakes  and  swamps,  and 
some  parts  are  sterile ;  but  the  metallic  wealth  is  consider- 
able.    Capital,  Ostersund.     Pop.  78,387. 

Jemtza,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Yehtsa. 


JSN 


1506 


JEB 


Jena*  Jin'%  (a«r.  pron.  y4'ii&),  a  town  of  Oormany, 
duehj  of  Siixe-Wuiiniir-Kiijeiiiiob,  on  the  Siuvlv,  boro  orotwetl 
b J  »  hand«umo  Klone  bridge,  12  uilea  K.S.U.  uf  Woiuiar. 
It  stands  in  a  line  valley,  50U  foet  above  tlie  sot»,  and  is 
enclosed  by  walls,  beyond  wliiuh  are  several  good  suburbs. 
It  is  regularly  laid  out  and  well  built.  The  principal  odi- 
ftow  ar«  the  duoal  palaoe,  4  ohurcbcs,  hospitals,  a  lunatio 
Mylain,  and  tbo  university  buildings.  Tlio  univorsity, 
opened  in  1653,  bus  75  professors,  a  library  of  2UU,0U0  vol- 
umes, a  botunio  garden,  and  an  observatory.  Jena  bos 
numerous  soioutilio  associations,  manufooturcs  of  linens, 
hats,  tobaooo,  &a.,  and  3  largo  iiunual  fairs.  It  is  the  seat 
of  the  high  court  of  appeal  for  the  Saxon  duchies  and 
Rouss  principalities.  Uere,  on  October  14,  1806,  Napoleon 
totally  defeated  the  Prussians.     Pop.  8197. 

Jena,  jee'n^  a  post-office  of  Tuscaloosa  oo.,  Ala. 

Jcua,  a  post- village  of  Catithoula  parish.  La.,  50  miles 
W.  of  Natchez,  Miss.    It  has  2  churches. 

Jenatz,  y4-n&ts',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Orisons,  on  the  Lanquart,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Mayenfold.  It 
has  sulphur  baths  and  2  annual  fairs.     Pop.  812. 

Jeucksville,  jdnks'vll,  a  village  of  Providence  co., 
R.I.,  in  Smithtield  township,  1  mile  from  Woonsooket.  It 
has  a  cotton-mill. 

Jendialeh,  or  Jindialeh,  jdn-de-i'l^h,  a  town  of 
the  Punjab,  II  miles  S.E.  of  Amritsir. 

Jendoul,  jfin-dool',  a  town  of  Afghanistan,  near  its 
N.E.  frontier,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Bajaur. 

Jendovichtska,  Russia.    See  Yf.xdovichtsica. 

Jeneen,  Jeuiu,  or  Jennin,  j£n-neen'  (anc.  Olnm'a), 
a  town  of  Palestine,  17  miles  N.N.E.  of  Nabloos.  Pop. 
about  2U00. 

Jeiiidge-Karasu,  Turkey.    See  Yexidje  Kara-Soo. 

Jeuidge-Kizilagadjt    See  Ybxidje  Kizilagadj. 

Jeiiidje,  Lake  of,  Turkey.    See  Langaza. 

Jenidjc-Vardar,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Ybnidjb. 

Jcnikale,  or  Jenikal,  Russia.    See  Yexikale. 

Jenikau,  yfin'no-kow\  a  town  of  Bohemia,  8  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Gzaslau.  Here  the  Sweiles  gained  a  victory  over 
the  Imperialists  in  1643.     Pop.  2708. 

Jeuil,  a  river  of  Spain.    See  Gb.vii,. 

Jeniiif  or  Jennin.    See  Jg.vge.n. 

Jenisci,  a  river  of  Siberia.     See  Yexisei. 

Jeniseisk,  Russia.    See  Yeniseisk. 

Jen'isonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich., 
and  a  station  on  the  Chicago  &  Michigan  Lake  Shore  Rail- 
road, 7  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  is  on  Grand 
River,  and  has  a  dour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  church. 

Jenk'inS)  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  co.,  Ala. 

Jenkins,  a  township  of  Mitchell  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  672. 

Jenkins,  a  township  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  2505. 
It  contains  Port  Blanchard,  Sebastopol,  and  other  coal- 
mining places. 

Jenkins'  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Accomack  co.,  Va. 

Jenkins  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Jasper  co..  Mo. 

Jenkins  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co..  Ark.,  on 
the  Saline  River,  about  44  miles  S.S.W.  of  Little  Rock. 

Jenk'insville,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  Ga. 

Jenk'intown,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa., 
in  Abington  township,  ^  mile  from  Jenkintown  Station, 
which  is  on  the  North  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  New  York  &  Philadelphia  New  Line,  9  miles 
N.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  6  churches,  a  bank,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1880,  810;  in  1890,  1609. 

Jenks,  a  township  of  Forest  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  118. 

Jenksville,  Massachusetts.    See  Lum^ow. 

Jenks'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Newark  township,  12  miles  N.  of  Owego.  It  has  a  church, 
a  cheese-factory,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Jennatabad,  the  Mohammedan  name  of  Gour. 

Jen'ne,or  Jenneh,  jen'ndh^  written  also  Jin'ne,  a 
walled  town  of  Africa,  in  Soodan,  on  a  large  ishvnd,  called 
Massina,  in  the  Niger,  285  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Timbuctoo. 
It  is  a  place  of  great  commercial  activity,  and  is  resorted 
to  for  trade  by  the  people  of  the  surrounding  country.  The 
inhabitants  are  all  Mohammedans,  and  do  not  permit  infi- 
dels to  enter  the  town.     Pop.  8000. 

Jen'ner,  a  township  of  Somerset  oo..  Pa.     Pop.  1703. 

Jenner's  Cross  Roads,  Pa.    See  Jexneuville. 

Jen'uerstown,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  oo..  Pa.,  in 
Jenner  township,  about  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Johnstown.  It 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  nearly  200. 

Jen'nersville,  a  post-village  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  in 
Penn  township,  about  18  miles  S.W.  of  West  Chester,  and  1 
mile  from  Penn  Station  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Baltimore 
Central  Railroad.     It  has  3  churches. 

Jen'nerville,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  co.,  Pa.,  in 


Jenner  township,  10  miles  N.  of  Somerset,  and  about  44 
miles  S.W.  of  Altoona.  It  has  a  church.  The  name  of  in 
post-office  is  Jenner's  Cross  Roads. 

Jeu'niu's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  W.  Va. 

Jen'nieton,  a  post-humlet  of  Iowa  co.,  Wis.,  32  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Madison.     It  has  2  churches  near  it. 

Jen'nings,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Indiana,  has  an 
area  of  about  3S0  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  (ira> 
ham's  Fork  and  the  Vernon  Forkof  the  Muscatatuck  Kiver 
and  by  Sand  Creek.  The  surface  is  [lartly  hilly,  umi  i* 
extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  moderately 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  outs,  hay,  and  pork  are  th« 
staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Ohio  A 
Mis!<i>i»ip|ii,  Pittdburg,  Cineinniiti,  Chicago  <t  St.  Louis, 
and  Cleveland,  Ciuoinnuti,  Chicago  A,  .<t.  Louis  Ruilrouds. 
Capital,  Vernon.  Pop.  in  1870,  16,218;  in  1880,  1(1,463; 
in  1890,  14,608. 

Jennings,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  Fla. 

Jennings,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Ind.,  on  th« 
Ohio  River.  Pop.  2081.  It  contains  Magnolia  and  Leave&> 
worth. 

Jennings,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  836. 

Jennings,  a  township  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  801. 

Jennings,  a  township  of  Soott  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1278. 
It  contains  Austin. 

Jennings,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo.,  is  neaf 
the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  d 
Northern  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  by  W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has 
a  seminary  for  young  ladies. 

Jennings,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  0.     Pop.  1059. 

Jennings,  a  township  of  Van  Wert  co.,  0.     Pop.  914. 

Jennings  Falls,  a  post-office  of  Yell  co..  Ark. 

Jennings'  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C.,  13 
miles  N.  of  Statesville. 

Jennings'  Or'dinary,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nottoway  co., 
Va.,  on  the  Richmond  <t  Danville  Railroad,  50  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Richmond.     It  has  2  churches. 

Jen'niugsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyoming  co.,  Pa., 
about  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Wilkesbarre.  It  has  a  tannery 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Jen'nison,  a  post-office  of  San  Juan  co..  Col. 

Jen'ny,  a  former  post  village  and  capital  of  Lincoln  co.. 
Wis.,  in  Jenny  township,  and  on  the  Wisconsin  River,  at  the 
mouth  of  Prairie  River,  18  miles  N.  of  Wausau.  It  had  a 
newiipaper  office,  a  union  school,  a  large  lumber-mill,  and  a 
pop.  in  1880  of  882.    In  1890  the  townshii)  had  no  existence. 

Jenny  Lind,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sebastian  co.,  Ark.,  about 
11  miles  S.E.  of  Fort  Smith. 

Jenny  Lind,  a  post-village  of  Calaveras  co.,  Cal.,  25 
miles  N.E.  of  Stockton.  It  has  rich  gravel-mines  of  gold. 
Pop.  about  200. 

Jeno,  yi'no*  (Boroz,  bo'roz',  or  Kis,  kish),  a  town  of 
Hungary,  co.  of  Arad,  on  the  White  Kiiros,  28  miles  N.E. 
of  Arad.     Pop.  1600. 

Jeno  Dios,  yd'no^  dee^osh',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co. 
of  Neograd.     Pop.  1080. 

Jepee,  y4'pee,  or  Shebshe,  sh6b'sh?h,  a  town  of 
Bosnia,  on  the  Bosna,  37  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Bosna-Serai. 

Jepifan,  or  Jepitan,  Russia.    See  Yepipax. 

Jequitinlionha,  zhd-kee-teen-yOn'yi,  or  Rio 
Grande  do  Belmonte,  ree'o  grjln'di  do  bil-mon't&,  a 
river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the  Serra  Pedra  Redonda,  flows  first 
N.  through  the  province  of  Minas-Geraes,  then  N.E.,  enters 
the  province  of  Bahia,  and  shortly  after,  passing  the  town 
of  Belmonte,  falls  into  the  Atlantic. 

Jerahi,  Jerrahi,  or  Djerrahi,  jer-ri'hee^  (anc. 
Iledyphon  ?),  a  river  of  Persia,  province  of  Khoozistan,  is 
formed  by  the  confluence  of  the  Ram  Ilormooz  and  Koor- 
distfvn  Rivers,  and,  after  a  W.  course,  joins  the  Karoon 
River  (anc.  PasitV (/rig)  near  Mohammerah.  The  town  of 
Fellanecyab  and  numerous  ruins  are  on  its  banks. 

Jerash,  a  city  of  Syria.    See  Gerasa. 

Jeraslon,  or  Jeroslan,  Russia.    See  Yeroslan. 

Jerba,  or  Gerba,  j^r'ba,  an  island  of  Africa,  belonging 
to  Tunis,  in  the  Gulf  of  Cabes,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Zarziss. 
Length,  22  miles:  breadth,  14  miles.  Surface  level  and 
fertile.  On  this  island  is  a  triumphal  arch  in  honor  of 
Antoninus  and  Verus ;  also  a  pyramid,  from  25  to  30  feet 
in  height,  composed  of  the  skulls  of  the  Spanish  soldiers 
who,  under  the  conduct  of  Medinaceli  and  Andrea  Doria, 
perished  here  in  an  action  against  the  Turks  in  1558. 

Jeremie,  zhiVi'meo'  or  zhdr\h-mee',  a  seaport  town 
of  Hayti,  on  its  S.W.  peninsula,  125  miles  W.  of  Port-au- 
Prince.     Pop.  5000. 

Jerez,  Xerez,  ni-rSth',  or  Jerez  del  Marqucsado, 
ni-rdth'  ddl  maR-ki-s&'no,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
35  miles  E.  of  Granada.     Pop.  2125. 


I 


JER 


1507 


JEll 


Jerez,  a  town  of  Central  America.    See  Xebes. 

Jerez  de  la  Frontera,  ni-rdth'  dk  li  fron-td'ri,  or 
limply  Jerez  or  Xerez,  iii-rdth'  (Port.  Xerea,  slii-rfis'), 
a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  16  miles  by  rail  N.N.B.  of 
Cadiz.  It  consists  generally  of  well-built  houses  of  two  or 
three  stories,  arranged  in  regular  squares,  or  in  spacious, 
paved,  clean,  and  well-Iiglited  streets.  The  principal  build- 
ini'S  are  the  Collegiate  church,  the  church  of  San  Miguel, 
with  some  fine  sculptures  and  reliefs,  several  other  churches, 
X  nunneries  and  12  suppressed  monasteries ;  the  Alcazar,  an 
old  Moorish  castle,  in  ruins ;  the  town  house,  an  ancient 
and  elegant  structure,  with  a  fa9ade  of  Corinthian  pillars;  a 
college  or  gymnasium,  several  public  schools,  a  general  hos- 
pital, a  foundling  hospital,  and  two  other  hospitals.  It  is 
noted  for  its  wines,  well  known  under  the  name  of  sherry. 
Pop.  64,533. 

Jerez  (or  Xerez)  de  los  Caballeros,  ni-r5th'  di 
loce  ki-B4l-yi'roco,  a  city  of  Spain,  in  Estreraadura,  40 
miles  S.  of  Badajos,  at  the  foot  of  a  hill,  crowned  by  a 
castle,  near  the  Ardilla.  It  is  partly  surrounded  by  an 
old  Arab  wall,  entered  by  6  gates.  It  has  wide  and  well- 
paved  streets,  8  squares,  4  parish  churches,  9  chapels,  4 
convents,  a  college,  2  hospitals,  a  theatre,  and  manufactures 
of  linen,  leather,  and  pottery.     Pop.  8295. 

Jerica,  or  Xerica,  ni-ree'ka,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Valencia,  27  miles  W.S.W.  of  Castellon  de  la  Plana,  on  the 
Palancia.  It  is  an  ancient  town,  and  possessed  considerable 
importance  both  in  Roman  and  in  Saracenic  times. 

Jericho,  j5r'e-ko,  an  ancient  city  of  Palestine,  famed 
in  Scripture  history,  but  now  represented  by  the  miserable 
Tillage  of  Eriha  (d-ree'hd)  or  Hiha  (ree'hi),  near  the  N. 
extremity  of  the  Dead  Sea,  18  miles  E.X.E.  of  Jerusalem. 
Some  few  remains  of  antiquity  exist  in  and  around  it,  but 
none  that  can  be  identified  with  buildings  of  any  special 
era,  except  a  few  traces  of  a  Roman  road. 

Jericho,  j6r'§-ko,  a  post-oflSce  of  Perry  cc,  Ala.,  15 
miles  N.  of  Marion. 

Jericho,  a  post-office  of  Windham  co..  Conn.,  on  the 
Boston,  Hartford  &  Erie  Railroad,  IG  miles  N.E.  of  Wil- 
limantic. 

Jericho,  a  post-office  of  Kane  co.,  111.,  about  9  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Aurora. 

Jericho,  a  post-office  of  Henry  co..  Ky.,  on  the  Louis- 
ville &  Lexington  Railroad,  82  miles  E.N.E.  of  Louisville. 

Jericho,  a  post-village  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Oyster 
Bay  township,  about  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Brooklyn.  It  is  2 
miles  from  Uieksville  Railroad  Station.     It  has  3  churches. 

Jericho,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  Neuse 
River,  at  White  Hall. 

Jericho,  a  post-village  of  Chittenden  co.,  Vt.,  in  Jericho 
township,  12  miles  E.  of  Burlington.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  pumps,  lumber,  wooden- 
ware,  and  cheese.  The  tov^nship  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by 
the  Winooski  River,  and  is  traversed  by  the  Burlington  & 
Lamoille  Railroad.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1757. 

Jericho  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chittenden  co.,  Vt., 
in  Jericho  township,  3  miles  from  Jericho  Station,  and 
about  14  miles  E.  of  Burlington.  It  has  2  churches  and 
an  academy. 

Jerichow,  yi're-Kov\  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  30 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Magdeburg,  on  the  Elbe.     Pop.  1743. 
•  Jerim,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  Yerim. 
:  Jerm,orDjerm,  j6rm,atownof  Asia,  in  Budukhshan, 
on  the  Koksha.     Lat.  36"  50'  N. ;  Ion.  70°  47'  E. 

Jcr'myn,  a  post-village  of  Lackawanna  co.,  Pa.,  in  the 
Lackawanna  Valley,  on  the  Delaware  &  Hudson  Railroad, 
13  miles  N.E.  of  Scranton,  and  4  miles  S.  of  Carbondale. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  large  steam  grist-mill, 
a  powder-mill,  several  hotels,  Ac.  Here  are  rich  coal-mines 
and  2  large  coal-breakers.  Pop.  in  1890,  2650. 
^  Jer'iiigan,  a  post-village  of  Russell  co.,  Ala.,  17  miles 
S.E.  of  Seale  Station,  and  i  mile  from  the  Chattahoochee 
River.     It  has  a  church  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Jernot,  a  village  of  Austria.     See  Radnoth. 

Jerome,  je-roiu',  a  post- village  of  Howard  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Union  township,  on  the  Wild  Cat  River,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Kokomo,  and  about  34  miles  S.E.  of  Logansport.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Jerome,  a  post-hamlet  of  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa,  5  miles 
N.W.  of  Numa  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Jerome,  a  post-village  of  Hillsdale  co.,  Mieh.,  in  Som- 
erset township,  on  the  Detroit,  Hillsdale  &  Southwestern 
Railroad,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Hillsdale.  It  has  a  church  and 
4  stores.     Pop.  about  150. 

Jerome,  a  township  of  Midland  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  173. 

Jerome,  a  station  and  hamlet  of  Phelps  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  Railroad,  and  on  the  Gas- 


conade River,  126  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Louis,  and  1  mile  W. 
of  Arlington.     It  has  a  depot  and  2  saw-mills. 

Jerome,  a  post-village  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Westchester  township,  on  the  Harlem  Railroad,  8  miles  N. 
of  its  terminus  in  New  York.  It  has  2  churches.  Here  is 
Jerome  Park,  a  noted  race-course. 

Jerome,  a  post-township  of  Union  co.,  0.,  about  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Columbus.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  1462. 

Jeromesviile,  j^-romz'vil,  a  post- village  of  Ashland 
CO.,  0.,  in  Mohican  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Mohican 
River,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Ashland,  and  about  20  miles  E. 
by  N.  of  Mansfield.  It  has  a  high  school  and  4  churches. 
Pop.  in  1890,  301. 

Jerona,  a  city  of  Spain.    See  Gero.va. 

Jer'ry  City,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Mansfield  <t  Coldwater  Railroad,  about  30  miles  S.  of  Toledo. 
It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  and  2  planing-mills, 

Jerry's  Run,  a  post-office  of  Wood  co.,  W.  Va. 

Jersey,  jer'zee  (ano.  Cxnare'a),  the  largest  and  most 
S.E.  of  the  Channel  Islands,  belonging  to  Great  Britain,  in 
the  S.  part  of  the  English  Channel,  13  miles  W.  of  the  coast 
of  France  (Cotentin),  and  35  miles  S.  of  Portland  Isle.  Lat. 
of  St.  Helier  49°  11'  3"  N.;  Ion.  2°  7'  W.  Length,  from 
E.  to  W.,  12  miles;  average  breadth,  5  miles.  Area,  45 
square  miles.  Pop.  56,627.  The  coasts  are  rocky  .and 
abrupt;  the  only  considerable  inlet  is  St.  Aubin's  Bay,  on 
the  E.  side,  skirted  by  a  sandy  shore.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating; the  hill-ranges,  consisting  of  granite  and  schist, 
run  mostly  N.  and  S.,  enclosing  fertile  valleys.  The  cli- 
mate is  very  mild.  Property  is  greatly  subdivided.  Lead- 
ing articles  of  export  are  apples,  cider,  potatoes,  butter,  and 
cows  of  an  excellent  breed.  The  whole  island  appears  like 
a  continuous  orchard  dotted  with  picturesque  villages.  Off 
the  S.E.  coast  are  extensive  oyster-beds,  resorted  to  by  a 
large  fishing-fleet  belonging  to  the  island.  The  trade  is 
active,  and  the  people  of  Jersey  engage  largely  in  the 
Newfoundland  fishery.  Numbers  of  vessels  are  annually 
built  in  Jersey.  Steamers  communicate  frequently  with 
Southampton,  Weymouth,  St.  Male,  and  Granville.  The 
island  is  the  residence  of  numerous  English  families,  but 
French  is  the  language  of  the  native  people.  Jersey  has 
its  own  legislature,  the  "states," or  insular  parliament,  con- 
sisting of  36  members,  chosen  by  the  inhabitants,  their  acts 
being  confirmed  or  annulled,  in  sjieoial  cases,  by  the  gov- 
ernor. From  the  decisions  of  its  royal  court  appeal  lies 
only  to  the  sovereign  in  council.  Its  native  inhabitants 
preserve  many  Normal  feudal  customs,  the  Channel  Islands 
having  formed  apart  of  the  Norman  dominion,  and  having 
remained  attached  to  England  since  the  Conquest.  The  prin- 
cipal towns  are  St.  Helier  (the  capital)  and  St.  Aubin.  The 
island  is  traversed  by  two  railways.  Jersey  is  an  agreeable 
place  of  resort,  and  is  somewhat  noted  as  a  winter  sanata- 
rium ;  but  its  climate  is  less  mild  and  equable  than  that  of 
Guernsey.  The  approach  by  sea  is  everywhere  dangerous, 
and  the  granitic  clifl's  of  the  coast  abound  in  scenes  of  wild 
grandeur;  but  the  scenery  of  the  interior  is  altogether  pas- 
toral. The  island  abounds  in  old  buildings  of  much  anti- 
quarian interest. 

Jersey,  jer'zee,  a  southwestern  county  of  Illinois,  bor- 
dering on  Missouri,  has  an  areaof  about  360  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  W. 
by  the  Illinois  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Macoupin 
Creek.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  forests,  undulating 
prairies,  and  high  picturesque  blufis  which  extend  along 
the  Mississippi  River.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
Thick  strata  of  Trenton  and  Niagara  limestone  (both  Silu- 
rian) and  of  carboniferous  limestone  croj)  out  in  this  county. 
These  are  good  materials  for  building,  especially  the  Ni- 
agara limestone,  a  durable  buif-colored  dolomite.  The 
value  of  the  stone  exported  from  the  quarries  of  this  county 
amounted  at  tiuies  to  over  $300,000  per  annum.  Coal  is 
also  found  here.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago 
<fc  Altim  Railroad  and  the  St.  Louis,  Chicago  <fc  St.  Paul 
Railroad.  Capital,  Jersey ville.  Pop.  in  1870,  15,054;  in 
1880,  15,542;  in  1890,  14,810. 

Jersey,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  at  Poplar 
Grove  Station,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Indianapolis. 

Jersey,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oaklaml  co.,  Mich.,  in  Orion 
township.  36  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Detroit.     It  has  a  church. 

Jersey,  a  post-village  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  in  Jersey 
township,  4i  miles  N.W.  of  Pataskala  Railroad  Station, 
and  about  18  miles  N.E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  101 ;  of  the  township,  1253. 

Jersey,  jer'zee,  a  post-villnge  in  Beauco  co.,  Quebec,  on 
the  river  Chaudiere,  13  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Franjois.  It  con- 
tains a  hotel,  a  store,  and  several  mills.    Pop.  150. 


JER 


1508 


JER 


Jerney  City,  etvpital  of  Iladson  oo.,  N.J.,  on  the  rif^ht 
or  W.  bank  of  the  llu<l8on  Kiver,  at  its  entrunoe  into  Now 
Tfork  B»y,  and  on|M)8ite  New  York  City,  from  whioh  it  i«  1 
mile  difitiint,  nnd  with  whioh  constant  communication  is 
maintained  by  6  terries,   running   upwards  of  25   boats, 

Senerully  largo  and  powerful.  It  is  bounded  N.  by  North 
lergen,  Hol>oken,  and  West  Uol>okcn,  S.  by  Bayonne,  und 
W.  by  Newark  Hay  and  the  Haokcnsaok  River,  and  extends 
5  miles  N.  nnd  S.  by  about  3  miles  E.  and  W.  The  Morris 
Canal  connects  it  with  Knston,  Pa.  The  streets  aro  gener- 
ally, with  few  exceptions,  laid  out  at  right  angl(*s,  and  aro 
•r  good  width,  well  paved,  sewered,  lighted  with  gas  and 
elcotriuity,  and  bordered  by  many  handsome  residoncos. 
There  are  4  public  squares,  whicii,  though  small  in  size, 
are  tastefully  laid  out.  The  more  prominent  public  build- 
ings are  the  city  hall,  court-house  and  jnil,  and  school- 
bouses,  the  latter  of  whicli  number  25,  mostly  well  con- 
structed of  brick.  It  is  a  terminus  of  the  lied  Star  lino 
of  steamships  to  Europe,  and  its  commerce  is  returned  as 
a  portion  of  the  New  York  customs-district,  of  which  it  is 
by  law  an  integral  part.  It  is  also  the  terminus  of  13  lines 
of  railroad,  viz.,  the  Pennsylvania,  the  Delaware,  Lacka- 
wanna A  Western  (Morris  &  Essex  division),  tho  Central 
of  New  Jersey  (connecting  with  tho  Philadelphia  &  Head- 
ing at  Bound  Brook),  the  New  York,  Lake  Erie  &  Western, 
the  New  Jersey  Midland,  the  New  York,  Susquehanna  A 
Western,  the  Northern  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  the  New 
Jersey  &  New  York,  the  New  Y'ork  A  Greenwood  Lake, 
tho  Newark  A  New  Y'ork,  the  Jersey  City  A  Albany,  the 
West  Shore,  and  the  Jersey  City  A  Bergen.  Besides  these 
roads,  Jersey  City  has  direct  communication,  bj'  steam 
ferry,  with  the  New  York,  New  Haven  A  Hartford  and 
New  York  A  Now  England  Railroads,  the  steamer  trans- 
porting through-oars  of  tho  Pennsylvania  Railroad  from 
its  tracks  in  Jersey  City  to  tho  tracks  of  the  Shore  Line 
division  of  tho  New  York,  New  Haven  A  Hartford  Rail- 
road at  Port  Morris.  In  addition  to  the  regular  ferries 
between  Jersey  City  and  New  York,  the  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road and  the  New  York,  Lake  Erie  A  M'estern  Railroad 
have  each  a  ferry  direct  to  Brooklyn.  Immense  quantities 
of  iron,  coal,  produce,  and  general  merchandise  are  brought 
to  and  shipped  from  Jersey  City.  There  are  also  horse- 
rnilways  to  Hoboken  and  Bayonne  and  to  all  parts  of  the 
city  itself.  It  contains  67  churches,  a  high  school,  a  normal 
school,  3  national  banks  (capital,  $1,300,000),  3  savings- 
banks,  2  insurance  companies,  2  Young  Men's  Christian 
Associations,  and  several  charitable  institutions.  Three 
daily  newspapers  are  published  here. 

This  city  is  supplied  with  water  piped  from  the  Passaic 
River  by  means  of  hydraulic  works  at  Belleville,  6  miles 
distant.  Here  are  many  and  various  manufacturing  estab- 
lishments, among  which  the  more  important  are  the  Lorril- 
lard  tobacco  manufactories,  2  crucible-works,  3  foundries, 
a  foundry  nnd  machine-shop,  3  boiler-works,  3  locomotive 
and  railroad-supply  miinufactories,  2  large  sugar-refineries, 
and  2  silk-mills,  besides  numerous  zinc-works,  breweries, 
planing-mills,  potteries,  manufactories  of  chemicals,  jewelry, 
fireworks,  lead-pencils,  candles,  soap,  liydrants,  chains, 
rubber  goods,  castor  and  linseed  oil,  copper-ware,  oakum, 
chains  and  spikes,  car-springs,  stoves,  steam  heaters,  Ac. 
It  is  worthy  of  remark  that  the  mints  of  Europe,  as  well  as 
those  of  this  country,  obtain  their  crucibles  from  the  works 
of  Jersey  City.  Here  are  located  large  stock-yards  and  an 
extensive  abattoir  where  vast  quantities  of  cattle  and  sheep 
are  slaughtered  for  the  New  York  markets.  This  establish- 
ment was  opened  in  1874,  and  is  one  of  the  largest,  most 
complete,  and  best  appointed  in  the  United  States;  it  drains 
into  the  river,  and  has  rail  connection  directly  with  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad.  The  shaughtering  of  hogs  is  car- 
ried on  upon  tho  Hackensack  meadows,  beyond  the  city 
limits.  The  city  is  governed  by  a  mayor  and  board  of 
aldermen,  and  five  executive  boards.  There  is  a  police  force 
of  upwards  of  190  men,  under  a  superintendent,  a  chief, 
an  inspector,  7  captains,  and  24  sergeants,  directed  by  a 
board  of  police  commissioners.  There  is  an  efiScient  fire 
department,  well  appointed  and  well  equipped,  and  tho  city 
bas  two  gas  companies.  Public  education  is  directly  con- 
trolled by  a  board  of  education,  who  elect  a  city  superin- 
tendent, and  besides  the  public  schools  above  mentioned 
there  are  10  denominational  and  20  private  schools  and 
academies.  The  site  whereon  Jersey  City  stands  was 
formerly  called  Paulus  Hook,  but  in  1820  it  was  chartered 
as  "  the  City  of  Jersey,"  which  was  changed  in  a  subsequent 
charter  (in  1838)  to  "Jersey  City."  The  population  in 
1850  was  6856;  in  1860,  29,226;  in  1870,  82,546;  in  1880, 
120,722;  in  1890  (United  States  census)  163,003;  tho  present 
population  is  about  175,000. 


Jer'scy  Har'bor,  a  fishing-station  in  the  dittrict  of 
Fortune  Bay,  Newfoundland,  2i  miles  from  Harbor  Briton. 
Pon.  150. 

Jersey  Land'inp,  a  post-office  of  Contra  Costa  00.,  Cat, 
on  the  San  Joa(]uin  Kiver,  9  miles  from  Antioch. 

Jersey  Lniiding,  Illinois.    See  Ei.8An. 

Jersey  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  on 
Pine  Creek,  about  18  miles  N.  of  Lock  Haven.  It  boa  t 
churches  and  a  largo  saw-mill. 

Jersey  Shore,  a  post-borough  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa. 
in  Porter  township,  on  tho  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna 
River,  2  miles  N.  of  the  Philadelphia  A  Erie  Railroad,  13 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Williamsport,  nnd  13  miles  below  Lock 
Haven.  It  contains  6  churches,  a  newspaper  ofliec,  the 
West  Branch  boarding  and  high  school,  a  national  bank 
nndaplaning-mill.     Pop.  1394.     Jersey  Shore  Stntion  is  at 

A.VTE8  FOKT. 

Jer'scytown,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co..  Pa.,  In 
Madison  township,  10  miles  N.  of  I^anville.  It  has  a 
church,  2  hotels,  and  2  stores. 

Jer'seyvillo,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jersey  co..  111., 
on  the  Jacksonville  division  of  tho  Chicago  A  Alton  Rail- 
road,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Alton,  and  47  miles  S.  of  Jack- 
sonville.  It  bas  a  court-house,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  bank- 
ing-houses, 9  churches,  and  a  manufactory  of  farming- 
implements.     Pop.  in  1880,  2894;  in  1890,  3207. 

Jcrseyville,  a  hamlet  of  Monmouth  oo.,  N.J.,  in  Howell 
township,  i  milo  from  Howell  Station.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  about  100. 

Jersey ville,  a  post-village  in  Wentworth  co.,  Ontario, 
4  miles  S.  of  Lyndon.     Pop.  150. 

Jersitz,  yfiii'sits,  or  Jerzyce,  a  town  of  Prussia,  form- 
ing a  suburb  of  Posen.     Pop.  4683. 

Jerte,  or  Xerte,  nSu'tft,  a  river  of  Spain,  in  Estrcma- 
dura,  rises  on  the  frontiers  of  Old  Custilc,  flows  S.,  and 
joins  the  Alagon,  after  a  course  of  about  50  miles. 

Jerte,  or  Xerte,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  06  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Cacercs.     Pop.  1227. 

Jerumenha,  zhi-roo-mfin'yi,  a  town  of  Brazil,  prov- 
ince of  Piauh}',  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Goroguea,  a  tribu- 
tary of  the  Parnahiba,  95  miles  AV.  of  Oeiras.     Poj).  3000. 

Jerusalem,  j^-ru'sa-ldm  {a,\ao  Kaduthah  in  Hebrew; 
Gr.  KofivTi?,  Kadutia,  and  'lepoo-oAvfio,  IJieroniJ/iima ;  L. 
Cadu'ti'a  and  Hierogol'yma  ;  Arab.  El  Kadu,  61  kids,  "  the 
Holy  ;"  It.  Gerusale/nme,  j4-roo-sl-l5m'mi  ;  Fr.  JiniHnlem, 
zhdVii'sl'lfim';  Ger.  Jerusalem,  yin-roo'sliAha^),  a  city  of 
Palestine,  the  seat  of  the  most  important  events  described 
in  Holy  Writ,  is  now  comprised  in  the  Turkish  dominions, 
and  near  the  centre  of  the  mountain-region  between  the 
Mediterranean  and  the  Dead  Sea,  33  miles  S.E.  of  its  port, 
Jaff"a,  and  2660  feet  above  tho  sea.  Lat.  31°  46'  43"  N.; 
Ion.  35°  13'  E.  Mean  annual  temperature,  62.6°;  summer, 
73.8° ;  winter,  49.6°.  Stationary  population  about  20,000, 
but  about  Easter  the  number  is  annually  augmented  by  a 
great  crowd  of  Christian,  Mohammedan,  and  Jewish  pil- 
grims. It  is  situated  between  tho  valley  of  the  Kedron 
(valley  of  Jeboshaphat),  on  the  N.  and  E.,  and  that  of 
Gihon  (valley  of  Hinnom),  which  joins  the  former  immedi- 
ately on  the  S.E.  The  city  occupies  the  four  hills  of  Zion 
and  Acra  on  the  W.  and  Moriah  and  Bezetha  on  the  E., 
and  is  about  24  miles  in  circumference,  surrounded  by 
stately  walls  of  hewn  stone,  built  in  the  sixteenth  century 
and  probably  enclosing  the  same  area  that  Jerusalem  has 
had  since  the  days  of  Hadrian  ;  but  the  city  previous  to  its 
destruction  by  'I'itus  is  conjectured  to  have  been  nearly 
twice  as  extensive,  and  a  part  even  of  Mount  Zion,  the  site 
of  the  citadel  of  David,  is  not  within  tho  modern  walls. 

Jerusalem  is  entered  by  four  gates,  facing  towards  the 
cardinal  points.  The  public  ways  are  narrow,  ill  paved, 
and  dull,  but  the  houses  are  in  general  bettor  built,  and  the 
streets  cleaner,  than  those  of  Alexandria,  Smyrna,  or  even 
Constantinople.  The  dwellings  are  of  hewn  stone,  mnny 
of  them  large  and  furnished  with  small  domes.  On  Mount 
Moriah  is  an  oblong  area,  510  yards  in  length,  with  a 
breadth  varying  from  318  to  350  yards,  which  anciently 
formed  the  site  of  the  famous  temple,  and  probably  also  of 
the  fortress  of  Antonia.  This  area  is  still  enclosed  by  walls, 
which  on  the  E.  side  form  a  part  of  the  outer  wall  of  the' 
city,  and  both  here  and  at  the  S.W.  corner  aro  portions 
composed  of  stones  of  vast  size,  considered  to  have  formed 
parts  of  the  identical  ws^lls  raised  by  Solomon  or  his  suc- 
cessors. The  tower  of  Ilippicus,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  city,' 
is  still  to  be  identified,  as  are  the  pools  of  llezckiiib,  Gihon, 
and  Siloam,  the  vaults  and  cisterns  of  the  temple,  and  some 
of  the  ancient  gates  now  walled  up ;  but  the  localities  pointed 
oyt  as  those  of  tho  actual  Via  Dolorosa,  of  the  Holy  Sep- 
ulchre, Ac,  have  at  best  but  a  questionable  claim  to  thcil' 


JER 


1509 


JET 


titles.  Kecent  explorations  have  brought  to  light  many- 
important  remains  of  extreme  antiquity. 

Among  the  most  conspicuous  modern  buildings  arc  the 
mosque  of  Omar  (Kubbel-eK-Siikkra,  "dome  of  the  rook"), 
an  elegant  octagonal  edifice,  erected  between  a.d.  6S6  and 
693  in  the  centre  of  the  temple  area;  the  mosque  of  El 
Aksa,  at  the  S.W.  extremity  of  the  same  area ;  the  gorgeous 
church  of  the  Holy  Sepulchre,  a  Byzantine  edifice,  erected 
by  Helena,  the  mother  of  Constantine  the  Great,  on  Mount 
Acra,  over  the  reputed  site  of  the  sepulchre  of  the  Saviour; 
the  Greek,  Coptic,  and  Latin  convents,  and  the  ruined 
palace  of  the  Hospitallers,  on  the  same  mount;  the  Arme- 
nian and  Syrian  convents,  and  the  church  of  St.  James,  on 
Mount  Zion  ;  the  church  of  St.  Anna,  and  the  reputed  birth- 
place of  the  Virgin,  on  Mount  Bezetha;  and  the  modern 
citadel,  close  to  the  Jaft'a  gate.  Outside  of  the  walls  are  also 
the  (so-called)  House  of  Caiaphas,  now  an  Armenian  con- 
vent, the  Moslem  tomb  and  mosque  of  David,  the  Armenian, 
Greek,  and  Latin  cemeteries,  all  on  Mount  Zion ;  the  Pools 
of  Gihon,  and  the  remains  of  an  ancient  aqueduct;  on  the 
N.,  the  Mohammedan  cemeteries,  the  edifices  designated  the 
tombs  "of  the  kings  and  of  the  judges."  On  the  E.,  in  the 
valley  of  Jchoshaphat,  are  numerous  other  tombs,  and  the 
garden  of  Gethsemane,  between  which  rises  the  Mount  of 
Olives,  having  on  its  S.  and  S.AV.  the  Mount  of  Offence  and 
village  of  Siloara.  On  the  S.  the  valley  of  Hinnom  (Gihon) 
is  bounded  by  the  hill  of  Evil  Counsel.  Jerusalem  has 
gome  manufactures  of  soap  and  oil,  but  its  principal  trade 
is  in  rosaries  and  similar  products  made  in  the  city.  In  the 
Middle  Ages  vast  quantities  of  earth  were  removed  from 
holy  localities  within  the  walls,  and  shipped  to  form  the 
tampo  sanfo  at  Pisa.  The  city  was  originally  taken  from 
the  Jebusites  by  the  Hebrews  under  Joshua  about  B.C.  1400 ; 
was  taken  and  destroyed  by  Nebuchadnezzar,  B.C.  598;  re- 
built by  command  of  Cyrus,  B.C.  586 ;  taken  by  Ptolemy 
Soter,  B.C.  32-t ;  afterwards  held  by  the  Maccabees;  taken 
by  Pompey,  b.c.  63 ;  and  held  as  a  Roman  city  under  Herod 
(who  rebuilt  the  temple)  until  its  almost  total  destruction 
by  the  troops  of  Titus,  a.d.  70.  At  this  period,  in  the  words 
of  Pliny,  it  was  the  most  famous  city  not  only  of  Palestine 
but  of  the  whole  East.  In  a.d.  135  the  Jews  were  finally 
dispersed,  and  the  city  was  again  rebuilt  by  Hadrian,  It 
was  captured  by  the  Persians  in  614,  by  the  Saracens  under 
Omar  in  637,  in  1099  by  the  Crusaders  under  Godfrey  of 
Bouillon,  and  held  by  the  Christians  for  88  years,  when 
it  was  again  captured  by  the  forces  of  Saladin  in  1187.  It 
has  remained  under  Turkish  government  ever  since,  except 
for  a  short  interval  during  1832,  when  it  was  taken  by  the 
Egyptians  under  Ibrahim  Pasha.  It  is  the  see  of  Greek 
and  Latin  patriarchs,  of  a  Melchite  bishop,  and  of  a  Prot- 
estant bishop.  The  inhabitants,  consisting  of  Moham- 
medans, Jews,  and  Christians,  are  generally  very  poor. 
The  language  spoken  is  the  Arabic. 

Jeru'salem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pickens  oo.,  Ga.,  27 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Cartersville.     It  has  a  church. 

Jerusalem,  a  plantation  of  Franklin  co..  Me.   Pop.  32. 

Jerusalem,  a  post-offiee  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y. 

Jerusalem,  a  township  of  Yates  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  W. 
side  of  Keuka  Lake.     Pop.  2507.     It  contains  Branchport. 

Jerusalem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Davie  CO.,  N.C.,  in  Jeru- 
salem township,  12  miles  N.  of  Salisbury.  It  has  a  steam 
saw-mill,  a  tannery,  &o.   The  township  contains  5  churches. 

Jerusalem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  0.,  12  miles 
S.  of  Barnesville,  and  about  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Marietta. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  cigar-factory.     Pop.  91. 

Jerusalem,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Southampton  CO., 
Va.,  on  the  Nottoway  River,  about  50  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Norfolk.     It  has  a  church  and  a  coach-factory. 

Jerusalem  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harford  co.,  Md., 
6  miles  N.W.  of  Magnolia  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a 
flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Jer'vis,  a  small  island  in  Torres  Strait.  Lat.  9°  55'  S. ; 
Ion.  142°  1 0'  E. 

Jer'vis  Bay,  New  South  Wales,  85  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Sydney,  is  one  of  the  safest  and  most  commodious  harbors 
in  the  world.  It  is  9  miles  in  length  and  breadth.  On  a 
headland,  810  feet  above  the  sea,  is  a  revolving  light,  seen 
from  a  distance  of  18  miles. 

Jervis  Cape,  South  Australia,  bounds  Spencer  Gulf  on 
the  W,  side  of  its  entrance. 

Jervis  Island,  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Jakvis  Island. 

Jesalmir,  India.    See  Jessulmeeu. 

Jeschil-Ermak,  Asia  Minor.    See  YESHiL-InitAK. 

Jesdichuast,  or  Jesdikast.    See  Yezdikhast. 

Jesi,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Iesi. 

Jes'mond,  a  northern  suburb  of  Newcastle-on-Tyne, 
England.     Pop.  3068. 


Jesrod,  jSsVod',  Jesront,  jSsVoot',  or  Ju«routa, 

jiis-roo'ti,  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  67  miles  N.  of  Amritsir. 

Jes'samine,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Kentucky, 
has  an  area  of  about  162  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.  by  the  Kentucky  River,  and  is  drained  by  Jessamine 
Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Grain  and  live-stock  are  the  staples.  It  is  connected  with 
Cincinnati  by  the  Kentucky  Central  Railroad,  and  traversed 
by  the  Queen  <fc  Crescent  Route.  Capital,  Nicholasville. 
Pop.  in  1870,  S638;  in  1880,  10,864;  in  1890,  11,248. 

Jessamine,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jessamine  co.,  Ky.,  2 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Nicholasville. 

Jessamine  Creek,  of  Jessamine  co.,  Ky.,  flows  S.W. 
into  the  Kentucky  Piiver. 

Jessava,  y6s-s3,'vi,  a  river  of  Servia,  joins  the  Danube 
at  Semendria.     Length,  80  miles. 

Jesselmere,  India.    See  jESSunrEEU. 

Jessen,  ySs's^n,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  50  miles 
N.E.  of  Merseburg,  on  the  Black  Elster.     Pop.  2417. 

Jess'enland,  a  township  of  Sibley  co.,  Minn.     P.  863. 

Jesse's  (jes'siz)  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Russell  co., 
Va.,  about  20  miles  N.  of  Abingdon.     Here  is  a  grist-mill. 

.Jessnitz,  ySss'nits,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Anhalt,  on 
the  Mulde,  10  miles  S.  of  Dessau.     Pop.  3616. 

Jesso,  an  island  of  Japan.     See  Yesso. 

Jessore,  or  Jessor,  jes^sou',  a  district  of  Bengal,  In 
the  Ganges  delta.  Lat.  22°  25'  50"-23°  47'  N. ;  Ion.  88°  57' 
33"-90°  13"  E.  Area,  5783  square  miles.  It  is  a  fertile 
plain,  traversed  by  innumerable  navigable  channels,  and 
including  a  part  of  the  Sunderbunds,  which  are  densely 
timbered  and  abound  with  tigers,  buffaloes,  crocodiles,  rhi- 
noceroses, and  serpents.     Capital,  Jessore.     Pop.  2,075,021. 

Jessore,  or  Jessor  (Sans.  Yashohara),  called  also 
Kasba,  kus'ba,  a  town  of  Bengal,  capital  of  the  Jessore 
district,  in  a  marshy  region,  67  miles  N.E.  of  Calcutta,.  It 
has  a  court-house,  a  jail,  and  a  hospital.  Pop.  8152.  Tho 
name  Jessore  has  been  given  to  Moorley  and  other  former 
capitals  of  the  district.  The  original  Jessore  (whose  ruins 
are  now  called  Iswaripoor)  stood  in  the  Sunderbunds,  50 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Calcutta. 

Jessulmeer,  Jesselmere,  or  Jesalmir,  jSs's^l- 
meer',  written  also  Jaysulmeer,  and  Jaysulmir,  j^- 
sul-meer',  one  of  the  five  principal  Rajpoot  states  of  India, 
comprising  a  large  part  of  the  Indian  Desert,  between  lat. 
26°  and  28°  N.  and  Ion.  69°  and  72°  E.  Area,  12,252 
square  miles.     Pop.  74,500. 

Jessulmeer,  or  Jesselmere,  a  town  of  India,  capi- 
tal of  the  above  state,  138  miles  W.N.W.  of  Joodpoor.  L.at. 
26°  55'  N. ;  Ion.  71°  28'  E.  Pop.  35,000.  It  is  about  2  miles 
in  circumference,  enclosed  by  a  stone  rampart,  and  has  a 
strong  fort  on  a  scarped  rock.  The  town  is  regularly  laid 
out,  well  built,  and  the  residence  of  many  merchants. 

Jes'sup,  or  Jes'up,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  Atlantic  &  Gulf  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Macon 
it  Brunswick  Railroad,  27  miles  S.W.  of  Savannah,  and  40 
miles  N.N.AV.  of  Brunswick.  It  has  4  churches,  an  acad- 
emy, and  a  newspaper  office.    Pop.  in  1890,  907. 

Jessup,  a  post-office  of  Antelope  co..  Neb. 

Jessup,  a  township  of  Susquehanna  co..  Pa.    Pop.  804. 

Jessup  Lake,  Florida.     See  Lake  Jessup. 

Jessup's,  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md.    See  Hooveusville. 

Jessup's  Landing,  New  York.     See  Couintii. 

Jessup's  River,  New  York,  rises  in  Hamilton  co., 
runs  northeastward,  passes  through  Indian  Lake,  and  enters 
the  Hudson  River  in  Essex  co.     Length,  36  miles. 

Jessui)'s  Station,  a  post-office  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Logansport,  Crawfordsvillo  <fc  Southwestern  Railroad, 
15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Terre  Haute. 

Jestico,  Nova  Scotia.     See  Ponx  Hood. 

Jesuit's  (jez'u-its)  Bend,  a  post-office  of  Plaqucmino 
parish,  La.,  on  the  Mississippi  River. 

Jes'up,  a  post-village  of  Buchanan  co.,  Iowa,  in  Perry 
township,  on  the  Dubuque  &  Sioux  City  Railroad,  78  miles 
W.  of  Dubuque,  and  9  miles  W.  of  Independence.  It  ha>a 
a  newspaper  office,  3  churches,  and  a  money-order  post- 
office.     Pop.  in  1880,  569:  in  1890,  573. 

Jesus  Island,  Canada.    See  Isle  Jesus. 

Je'sus  Mari'a,  an  island  of  the  South  Pacific,  E.  of 
Admiralty  Island. 

Jesus  Maria,  ni'soos  ml-ree'i,  a  seaport  of  Mexico, 
state  of  Tamaulipas,  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  about  85  miles 
S.  of  Matamoras. 

Je'tersville,  a  post- village  of  Amelia  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  43  miles  W.S.W.  of  Rich- 
mond.    It  has  a  church. 

Jethou,  zhiUoo',  one  of  the  smaller  Channel  Islands 
belonging  to  Great  Britain,  2i  miles  E.  of  Guernsey. 


JET 


1510 


jnu 


''MttC^f  Creek,  %  post-offloe  of  Bre»thitt  oo.,  Ry. 

9ii|ie.  letse,  yft'sfh,  or  Jeetze,  yit's^h,  a  small 
tttw  at  North  Q«rmany,  falls  into  the  Elbe  near  the  N.E. 
•xtrcmltj  of  Hanover. 

Jever,  yA'v^r,  a  town  of  Germany,  >{rand  duohy  and  S3 
miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Oldenburg,  on  the  Sloltief  Canal, 
near  the  sea.  Pop.  4054.  It  has  manufaoturos  of  leather, 
liquors,  and  tobacco. 

Jevst,  or  Jewst,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Ykvst. 

Jewala-Muki,  j^-wl'Il-moo'ltoo  ("mouth  of  flame"), 
a  town  nnd  place  of  Hindoo  pilgrimage  in  the  Punjab,  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Nadaun.  Pop.  about  3000.  It  has  several 
temples,  a  large  bazaar,  and  mineral  springs. 

Jew'ell,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kansas,  bordering 
on  Nebraska.  Area,  900  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
Limestone  and  Buffalo  Creeks  and  other  affluents  of  the 
Republican  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly 
level.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  97  per  cent,  prairie.  The 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Missouri  Pacific  and  Chicago, 
Rock  Island  &  Paoiflc  Railroads.  Capital,  Mankato.  Pup. 
In  1870,  207;  in  1880,  17,475;  in  1890,  19,349. 

Jewell,  a  post-ofiice  of  Lamar  co.,  Ala. 

Jewell,  a  post-village  of  Howard  co.,  Ind.,  5  miles  by 
rail  N.  by  W.  of  Kokomo.     It  hn«  a  saw-mill,  etc. 

Jewell,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  Iowa,  14  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Webster  City.  It  has  3  churches,  2 
banks,  graded  schools,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  creamery. 
Pop.  in  1890,  414. 

Jewell,  or  Jewell  City,  a  post-villnge  in  Buffalo 
town.ihip,  Jewell  co.,  Kansas,  in  a  fertile  valley,  on  Buffalo 
Creek,  93  miles  N.VV.  of  Junction  City.  It  is  on  the  Mis- 
souri Pacific  Railroad.  It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  5 
churches,  a  naticmal  bank,  a  steam  mill,  two  lumber-yards, 
and  manufactures  of  furniture,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  702. 

Jiewell,  a  post-office  of  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md. 

Jewell,  a  post-office  of  Defiance  co.,  0.,  on  the  Wabash 
Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Defiance. 

Jewell,  a  post-office  of  Clatsop  co.,  Oregon,  on  the  Ne- 
halcm  River,  30  miles  S.  of  Astoria. 

Jewell,  a  post-office  of  Eastland  co.,  Te.x. 

Jewel 'la,  a  station  in  Caddo  parish.  La.,  on  the  Texas 
A  Pacific  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Shreveport. 

Jewell's,  a  station  in  Marin  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  North 
Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  32  miles  N.N.W.  of  San  Francisco. 

Jewell's,  Hancock  co.,  Ga.    See  Jewell's  Mills. 

Jewell's  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Jasper  co..  Miss. 

Jewell's  Mills,  a  village  of  Hancock  and  Warren  cos., 
Ga.,  on  the  Ogeecheo  River,  4i  miles  S.E.  of  Mayfield  Rail- 
road Station,  and  about  60  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Augusta.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  cotton-factory,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  flour- 
mill.     Here  is  Jewell's  Post-Office. 

Jew'ellville,  a  post-office  of  Banks  co.,  Ga. 

Jew'ett,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co..  III.,  in 
Greenup  township,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  &  Terre 
Haute  Ilailroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Majority  Point,  and  18  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Effingham.  It  has  3  stores,  2  saw-mills,  and  2 
or  3  churches.     Pop.  about  500. 

Jewett,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Jewett 
township,  on  the  Catskill  Mountains,  24  miles  W.  of  Cats- 
kill.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  township,  1119. 

Jewett,  or  Fair' view,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  co., 
U.,  in  Rumley  township,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  & 
St.  Louis  Railroad,  29  miles  W.  of  Steubenville.  It  has  3 
churches.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Jewett,  and  the 
Btation-name  is  Fairview. 

Jewett,  a  post-village  of  Leon  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Inter- 
national and  Great  Northern  Railroad,  44  miles  S.W.  of 
Palestine.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high 
school,  and  a  mineral  spring. 

Jewett  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  N.T.,  about 
25  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Catskill. 

JeAvett  City,  a  post-village  of  New  London  co.,  Conn., 
in  Griswold  township,  on  the  Quinebaug  River,  and  on  the 
Norwich  &  Worcester  Railroad,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Norwich, 
and  about  1  mile  E.  of  Jewett  City  Station  of  the  New  York 
(i  New  England  Railroad.  It  has  4  churches,  a  savings- 
bank,  and  2  cotton-factories. 

Jewett  Mills,  a  post-village  of  St.  Croix  co..  Wis.,  on 
the  Willow  River,  about  22  miles  N.E.  of  Hudson.  It  has 
a  flour-mill  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Jewsbnrg,  Carroll  co.,  Md.    See  Mount  Veiinox. 

Jewur,  Gewur,  or  Jewar,  jee'war,  a  town  of  India, 
in  the  Boolundshahur  district.  Lat.  2*8°  7'  N. ;  Ion.  77° 
39'  E.     Pop.  7399. 

Jeypoor,  Jyepoor,  or  Jypoor,  jl-poor',  one  of  the 
fire  principal  Rajpoot  states  of  India,  tributary  to  the 
British,  contains  some  of  the  strongest  fortresses  in  India, 


and  numerous  Jain  temples.     Area,  15,251  square  milet. 
Capital,  Jeypoor.     Pop.  1,891,124. 

Jeypoor,  Jyepoor,  or  Jypoor,  a  city  of  India,  cnp. 
ital  of  the  above  state,  in  a  barren  valley,  148  miles  S.W.  of 
Delhi.  Pop.  in  1881,  142,578.  It  is  handsome,  regularly 
built,  enclosed  by  a  stone  wall  flanked  by  towers,  commanded 
by  a  citadel  and  forts  on  adjacent  heights,  and  has  spaciooi 
market-places,  squares  of  houses  of  many  stories  in  neight, 
numerous  temples  in  the  purest  Hindoo  style,  and  a  mag- 
nificent palace. 

Jeypoor-Ghant,  jl-poor'-gawt',  4  miles  W.  of  thi 
above,  is  a  dreary  defile,  in  which  various  palaces,  pavilioni, 
and  temples  were  built  by  a  former  rajah. 

Jezar-Erkene,orDJe8r-Erkeiie,j6z'?r-Sr'ki-n8li, 
a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  on  the  Maritz% 
where  it  receives  the  Erkene,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Adrianople. 

Jezd,  a  citv  of  Persia.    See  Yezd. 

Jezecr,  Jezir,  jfiz-eor',  or  Jczeeret  (Jezirct), 
jfiz-co'r§t,  an  Arabian  word,  signifying  "island,"  forming  a 
part  of  various  names. 

Jezcereh-  (or  Jezireh-)  Ibn-Omar,  jiz'ccVih- 
!b*n-o*mar',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  130  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Diarbekir,  on  an  island  in  the  Tigris,  hero  crossed  by  a 
bridge,  which,  like  the  castle  and  the  rest  of  the  town,  if 
now  mostly  in  ruins. 

Jezeerct,  or  Jeziret.    See  Curia  Muria. 

Jezeeret-el-Shaf,  Egypt.    See  Elepha.ntix6. 

Jezeeret-  (or  Jeziret-)  Faroon,jSz-ee'rct-f4Voon', 
a  small  island  of  Arabia,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  (iulf  of 
Aknbah,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Akabah,  Extensive  remains  of 
antiquity  here  have  given  rise  to  the  supposition  that  this 
was  the  ancient  Elath. 

Jezeerct-  (Jeziret-)  Hassan,  j5z-ee'ret-his's4n', 
and  Jezeeret-es-Saba  (5s-si'bil)  (I'.e.,  "the  brothers"), 
are  rocks  in  the  Strait  of  Bab-el-Mandeb. 

Jezierna,  yi'tse-fiu'ni,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Galicia, 
on  a  railway,  N.W.  of  Tarnopol.     Pop.  3987. 

Jezreel,  the  ancient  name  of  Zeueen. 

Jezreel,  Plain  of.    See  Esdraelov. 

Jh^^har',  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Boolundshahur  d!s 
trict.     Pop.  5632. 

Jhalakati,  j&-la-kS,'tee,  Maharaj gunge,  or  IWa- 
har;\iganj,  mi-hi-rij-gunj',  a  town  of  Bengal,  district  of 
Backergunge,  on  a  navigable  river,  20  miles  8.W.  of  Bur- 
risol.  It  has  a  great  export  trade  in  timber,  fire-wood, 
rice,  and  paddy,  and  imports  much  salt.     Pop.  about  5000. 

Jhalawan,  ji-ld-wan',  a  province  of  Beloochistan,  be. 
tween  lat.  26°  and  29°  N.  and  Ion.  65°  and  67°  30'  E.  Area, 
16,000  square  miles.  Pop.  40,000.  It  has  only  a  few  pro- 
ductive tracts. 

Jhalda,  or  Jhalida,  Bengal.     See  Jaulda. 

Jhallawar,  jil'la-war,  or  Jhallowa,  jiU'l^-wi,  a 
native  state  of  India,  in  Rajpootana,  between  lat.  23°  48' 
and  24°  48'  N.,  Ion.  75°  24'  and  77°  E.  Area,  2200  square 
miles.     Pop.  220,000. 

Jhallawur,  or  Jhalawar,  j&l'la-wiir,  a  native  state 
of  India,  in  Kattywar.  Area,  3793  square  miles.  It  is  level, 
and  productive  of  cotton  and  wheat.  Lat.  22°  lS'-23°  8 
N.;  Ion.  70°  50'-72°  10' E.     Pop.  381,389. 

Jhaloo,  jiMoo',  written  also  Jahalu,  jil^ha-loo',  a  town 
of  India,  district  of  Bijnaur.  Lat.  29°  20'  N.  •  lat.  78°  17' 
E.     Pop.  5979. 

Jhang,  a  district  of  the  Punjab.     See  Ju\o. 

Jhansee,  Jhansie,  or  Jhansi,  jSn'sce,  a  town  of 
India,  capital  of  Jhansee  district  and  division,  230  miles  W. 
of  Allahabad.     It  has  manufactures  of  carpets  and  arms. 

Jhansee,  a  district  of  India,  in  the  North-West  Prov 
inces,  forming  a  part  of  Jhansee  division,  British  Bundel 
cund.  Lat.  25°  15'-26°  N.;  Ion.  78°  25'-79°  45'  E.  Area, 
1567  square  miles.  Pop.  317,826.  The  division  of  Jhansee 
has  an  area  of  6134  square  miles.     Pop.  934,934. 

Jhansoo-Jeang,  or  Jhansu-Jeang,  jin-soo'-ji- 
&ng',  a  fortified  rock  in  Thibet,  37  miles  S.E.  of  Teshoo- 
Loomboo. 

Jheend,  Jeend,  or  Jhind,  jcend,  a  native  state  of 
India,  in  the  Sirhind  plain.  Area,  985  square  miles.  Cap- 
ital, Jheend,  a  town  75  miles  N.W.  of  Delhi.    Pop.  190,475. 

Jheiura,  a  town  of  the  Punjab.     See  Jhvlum, 

Jhinji,  a  town  of  British  India.    See  Gingke. 

Jhoonjoona,  joon-joo'ni,  a  town  of  India,  in  RajpoO- 
tana,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Chooroo,  in  an  oasis  of  the  desert,  and 
handsomely  built. 

Jhow,  jow,  a  town  of  Beloochistan,  province  of  Mekran, 
40  miles  N.W.  of  Bela.  Around  it  many  remains  of  an- 
tiquity have  been  discovered. 

Jhu\jhur',  a  town  of  India,  35  miles  W,  of  Delhi,  capi- 
tal of  a  native  state  of  the  same  name.     Pop.  10,545. 


JHU 


1511 


JOD 


Jhunjharpoor,  or  Jhanjharpnr,  jun-jar-poor',  a 
town  of  Bengal,  district  of  Durbungah.  Lat.  26°  16'  N.; 
Ion.  86°  19'  E.     It  is  noted  for  its  brass-ware.     Pop.  3940. 

Jhylum,  Jailnm,  Jylum,  Jilum,  ji'lum,  written 
•Iso  Jhelum,  Jelnm,  or  Behut,  be-hut'  (anc.  Hydag'- 
pes),  the  westernmost  of  the  "  five  rivers"  of  the  Punjab, 
rises  in  Cashmere,  the  whole  of  which  valley  it  drains,  and, 
after  a  S.AV.  course  estimated  at  .350  miles,  joins  the  Che- 
naub  80  miles  N.N.E.  of  Mooltan,  from  which  junction  it  is 
navigable  upwards  nearly  to  its  emergence  from  the  moun- 
tains. It  is  also  navigable  for  70  miles  in  Cashmere.  Chief 
affluents,  the  Kishengunga  and  Pir-Panjal.  On  it  are  the 
towns  of  Islamabad,  Shahabad,  Serinagur,  Jhylum,  Julal- 
poor,  and  Pind-Dadun-Khan. 

Jhylum,  or  Jhilam,jriilm,  called  also  Jhelum,  a 
town  of  India,  capital  of  Jhylum  district,  on  the  river 
Jhylum,  75  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Piawil-Pinde.     Pop.  5140. 

Jhylum,  a  district  of  the  Rawil-Pinde  division,  Punjab, 
India.  Area,  3910  square  miles.  Capital,  Jhylum.  Pop. 
600,988. 

Jiabar,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey.     See  Giabab. 

Jibara,  a  village  of  Cuba.     See  Gibaua. 

Jiddah,  Jidda,  or  Djiddah,  jid'dA,,  a  seaport  town 
and  one  of  the  principal  trading  entrepots  of  Arabia,  in 
El  llejaz,  65  miles  W.  of  Mecca,  of  which  it  is  the  port. 
Lat.  21°  28'  3"  N. ;  Ion.  39°  13'  E.  Stationary  population 
about  18,000.  The  town  proper  is  built  of  madrepore  and 
stone,  and  is  cleaner  than  most  places  in  the  East ;  the 
suburbs  are  mean.  The  public  buildings  comprise  numer- 
ous khans,  several  mosques,  the  governor's  residence,  cus- 
tom-house, a  small  castle,  and  the  reputed  tomb  of  Eve.  The 
vicinity  is  a  bare  desert.  Rain-water  has  to  be  carefully 
preserved  in  cisterns,  and  provisions  to  be  brought  from  a 
long  distance ;  yet  Jiddah  has  a  large  transit  trade  with 
all  the  surrounding  countries.  Imports  from  Abyssinia  and 
Egypt  consist  of  provisions,  tobacco,  clothing,  musk,  civet, 
and  incense;  muslins  and  other  fabrics,  teak,  cocoanuts, 
spices,  and  shawls  are  received  from  India,  spice  from  the 
Malay  Archipelago,  and  slaves  from  Zanzibar ;  and  Eng- 
lish goods  are  received  by  steamer.  Exports  to  Abyssinia 
consist  of  coral,  Egyptian  cotton  goods,  sword-blades, 
matchlocks,  cutlery,  hardware,  mirrors,  and  leather;  and 
Oriental  goods  of  all  kinds,  with  dates,  coffee,  and  Mecca 
balm,  are  sent  by  sea  to  Suez,  whence  they  are  distributed 
over  the  whole  Levant.  Many  thousand  pilgrims  arrive 
hero  annually  on  the  route  to  Mecca.  The  shereef  of  that 
city  has  ruled  in  Jiddah  from  the  time  of  Mohammed  to 
the  present  century ;  but  the  town  is  now  under  Turkish 
government. 

Jiga-Gounggar,  jee'gl-goong^gar'  (?),  a  town  of 
Thibet,  45  miles  S.AV.  of  Lassa.  Lat.  29°  68'  N. ;  Ion.  91° 
28'  E.     Its  population  is  said  to  comprise  20,000  families. 

Jigat,  a  town  of  India.    See  Dwaraca. 

Jihoon,  a  river  of  Asia.     See  Amoo-Darya. 

Jyeli,  Gigclli,  or  Djigelli,  je-jfil'lee,  a  fortified 
maritime  town  of  Algeria,  province  and  54  miles  N.W.  of 
Constantine.     It  has  defective  harbor- works.     Pop.  2122. 

Jijiginsk,  Gijighinsk,  or  Gijiginsk,  je-je-ghinsk', 
written  also  Ijighinsk,  a  fortified  town  of  Siberia,  on  the 
Sea  of  Okhotsk,  70  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Penjinsk.    See  Gulf 

OF  JlJIGINSK. 

Jyon,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Glion. 

Jijona,  Xixona,  ne-Ho'nS,,  or  Jigona,  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  18  miles  N.W.  of  Alicante.  Pop. 
3612.     Chief  industry,  manufacture  of  linen  and  shoes. 

Jikadze,  Jikadaze,  Thibet.    See  Tkshoo-Loomboo. 

Jila,  a  river  of  North  America.     See  Gila  River. 

Jiles  (jilz)  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Muhlenburgco.,  Ky. 

Jillil'rey,  jilMe-fri',  a  town  of  West  Africa,  on  the  N. 
^shore  of  the  river  Gambia. 

Jiloca,  or  Xiloca,  ne-lo'kS,,  and  Jilon,  or  Xilon, 
He-Ion',  two  rivers  of  Spain,  in  Aragon,  unite  at  Calatayud 
to  form  a  tributary  of  the  Ebro,  which  it  joins  12  miles 
N.W.  of  Saragossa,  after  a  N.E.  course  of  about  100  miles. 

Jilolo,  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Gilolo. 

Jilum,  a  river  of  the  Punjab.     See  Jhylum. 

Jimamailan,  He-ma,-mi-lin',  a  town  of  the  Philip- 
pines, on  the  W.  side  of  the  island  of  Negros.     Pop.  1685. 

Jimena,  or  Ximena,  ne-mk'nk,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Andalusia,  14  miles  from  Jaen.     Pop.  2020. 

Jimena  (or  Ximena)  de  la  Frontera,  He-mi'ni 
dd  li  fron-ti'r4,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  46  miles 
E.  of  Cadiz,  on  the  E.  declivity  of  the  Sierra  do  Gazules, 
crowned  by  an  old  Roman  fort.     Pop.  6577. 

Jimera  (orXimera)  de  Livar  (or  Libar),  ne-mi'- 
ri  di  le-vaR',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  45  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Malaga.     Pop.  1031. 


Jimes,  jimz,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  0. 

Jim  Henry,  a  township  of  Miller  co..  Mo.     Pop.  542. 

Jim'my  Camp,  a  post-office  of  El  Paso  co..  Col. 

Jim  Ned,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co.,  Tex.,  12  miles  W. 
of  Brownwood. 

Jim  Town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Phillips  co.,  Kansas,  70 
miles  S.  of  Kearney  Junction,  Neb. 

Jim  town,  Kentucky.    See  FouNTAiJf  Ruy. 

Jim  Town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dallas  co.,  Tex.,  5  miles 
from  Dallas.     It  has  a  church. 

Jindialeh,  a  town  of  the  Punjab.    See  Jendialeh. 

Jinj eera,  or  Jinjira,jin-jee'ra,  called  also  Hubshee, 
hub'shee  ("  Abyssinian"),  a  n.itive  state  of  India,  on  the 
AV.  coast.  Lat.  18°-18°  32'  N. ;  Ion.  72°  52'-73°  18'  E. 
Area,  324  square  miles.  Capital,  Jinjeera,  a  town  with  a 
deep  and  good  harbor,  48  miles  S.  of  Bombay.   Pop.  71,996. 

Jinne,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Jenne. 

Jiijeh,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Girgeh. 

Jiron,  Colombia,  South  America.     See  QiROJr. 

Jitomir,  a  town  of  Poland.    See  Zhitomeer. 

Jizdra,  or  Jisdra,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Zhizdra. 

Jizeh,  Egypt.     See  Gheezeh. 

Joa,  jo'3,,  a  mouth  of  the  Indus  during  inundations,  hut 
in  the  dry  season  merely  a  salt-water  creek.  Lat.  25°  15' 
N.;  Ion.  67°  19'  E. 

Joa,  a  large  town  of  the  Punjab,  on  the  Salt  Range,  110 
miles  N.W.  of  Lahore. 

Joachim,  jo'a-kim,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co..  Mo. 
Pop.  1865. 

Joachimsthal,  yo'i-KimsH5.I,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  14 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Elbogen.  Pop.  5328.  It  has  mines  of 
silver,  iron,  and  tin,  paint-works,  paper-mills,  <tc. 

Joachimsthal,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg,  35 
miles  N.E.  of  Berlin.     Pop.  2071. 

Joag,  jo-Sg',  a  walled  town  of  Senegambia.  Lat.  14' 
30'  N.;  Ion.  10°  50'  W.     Pop.  2000. 

Joam,  SSo,  a  town  of  Portugal.    See  Sao  Joao. 

Joana,  Java.    See  Jawana. 

Joanko,  jo-4n'ko,  a  lake  of  Siberia,  within  the  Arctlo 
Circle,  in  lat.  175°  E.,  in  the  territory  of  the  Chookchecs. 
It  is  24  miles  long  by  12  miles  broad,  and  discharges  itself 
through  the  Anadeer,  which  issues  from  its  W.  extremity. 

Jo'an'na  Furnace,  a  post-office  and  iron-furnace  of 
Berks  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Wilmington  &  Reading  Railroad,  19 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Reading. 

Joannes,  a  large  island  of  Brazil.    See  Marajo. 

Joannina,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Yanina. 

Joazeiras,  zho  i-zi'r5s,  a  small  town  of  the  republic 
of  Brazil,  state  of  Bahia,  on  the  Sao  Francisco,  65  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Jacobina. 

Job,  or  Jobe,  job,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oregon  co..  Mi-., 
about  54  miles  W.S.W.  of  Poplar  Bluff.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  plough-factory.     Pop.  of  Job  township,  848. 

Jobe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monongalia  co.,W.  Va.,  13  miles 
E.  of  Burton  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  woollen-mill. 

Jobes,  jobz,  a  post-office  of  Audubon  co.,  Iowa. 

Jobie,  jo'bee,  an  island  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  ad- 
jacent to  Papua,  on  the  N.  side  of  its  great  bay.  Lat.  1° 
35'  S.;  Ion.  between  135°  30'  and  137°  30'  E.  Length, 
from  W.  to  E.,  100  miles;  greatest  breadth,  25  miles.  The 
Strait  of  Jobie  separates  it  on  the  N.  from  Schouten  Island. 
It  is  scantily  peopled  by  a  race  of  savages. 

Jobla,or  Djobia,  job'lJ.,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  Yemen, 
on  a  river,  103  miles  S.S.W.  of  Sana. 

Job's  (jobz)  Cab'in,  a  township  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  606. 

Job's  Cove,  a  fishing  settlement  in  the  district  of  Ba,y 
de  Verds,  Newfoundland,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Conception 
Bay,  25  miles  from  Carbonear.     Pop.  290. 

jobstown,  jobz'town,  a  post-village  of  Burlington  co., 
N.J.,  on  the  Kinkora  Branch  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Borden- 
town.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  carriage-shop, 

Jobtown,  job'town,  a  village  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
349.     It  is  now  a  part  of  the  city  of  Logansport. 

Jocjocarta,  Java.     See  D.jokjokarta. 

Jockmock,  yok'mok,  a  town  of  North  Sweden,  laen 
and  95  miles  N.W.  of  Pited.     Pop.  1450. 

Jodar,  or  Xodar,  Ho-daR',  a  town  of  Spain,  26  miles 
E.  of  Jaen,  near  the  Guadalquivir.     Pop.  4798. 

Jo  Dayiess,  da'viss,  the  most  northwestern  county  of 
Illinois,  borders  on  Wisconsin.  Area,  a-bout  663  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Mississippi  River, 
and  is  intersected  by  Apple  and  Fevre  Rivers.  The  surface 
is  uneven  or  hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  wheat,  hay,  cattle, 
pork,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Silurian  lime- 
stone underlies  part  of  this  county,  which  has  also  mine< 


#0D 


1512 


JOII 


of  lend.  It  ii  InUnectfd  by  th«  IDinoi*  Central,  Chicago 
A  Korthwestorn,  and  Cliioagu,  Burlington  A  Nortbirn 
Railroad*.  Capital,  Qaleaa.  Pop.  in  1870,  27,820;  in 
1680,  27,528;  in  ISUO,  26.101. 

Jo  I)nvic!«5i,  n  township  of  Faribault  Co.,  Minn.    P.  310. 

Judtipurt  India.    Soo  Joooi>oor. 

JodoiKiic,  thoMwail',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  South 
Brabitnt,  0  rnilo*  S.S.W.  of  Tirlomont.  It  haa  oil-mills. 
Pon.  3400. 

Joe  Untt^R  Arnit  a  fishing  villago  in  the  district  of 
Twillingikto  and  Togo,  Newfoundland,  5  miles  from  Fugo. 
Pop.  48U. 

Joe's  Branch,  a  post-ofiico  of  Dallas  co.,  Tox. 

Joct'tn,  a  post-oQico  of  Hancock  co.,  III. 

Jo^'giiis  (or  Joggin)  Mines*  a  post-village  in  Cum- 
berluml  oo.,  Nova  Scutia,  4  miles  from  Ilivor  Herbert.  It 
has  extensive  bods  of  coal.     Pop.  250. 

Johan'nn,civllod  also  Anjouan,iln^zhoo-&n',  or  An- 
zooan  (Anziian),  &n'zoo-&n',  and  Ilinzuau*  hin^zuo- 
fcn',  the  central  and  most  frequented  though  not  largest  of 
the  Comoro  Itslands,  in  Mozambique  Channel.  It  is  26  miles 
in  length  by  18  miles  in  breadth,  and  has  a  central  peak 
3800  feet  above  the  sea,  in  lat.  12°  13'  S.,  Ion.  44°  29'  K. 
Pop.  12,000.  It  is  well  wooded,  well  watered,  fertile,  and 
picturesque.  On  the  N.  side  is  the  walled  town  of  Johanna, 
or  Moosamondoo,  the  seat  of  the  sultan  of  the  island  and 
of  a  good  trade. 

Johannesberg,  yo-h&n'n^s-bdno^  a  village  of  Bo- 
hemia, on  the  Neisso,  9  miles  from  Reichenberg.     P.  1162. 

Johaunesthal,  yo-h&n'n^s-tJir,  a  town  of  Austria,  in 
Bilesiiv,  29  luiles  N.W.  of  Troppau.     Pop.  1625. 

Johaun-Cieorgenstadt,  yo-h&nn'-giV-oK'ghdn-st&tt\ 
s  town  of  Sa.\ony,  on  the  Schwarzwasscr,  29  miles  S.W.  of 
Chemnitz.  Pop.  4083,  mostly  employed  in  iron-mines  and 
in  manufactures  of  tobacco,  sulphur,  and  linen  thread. 

Johannisberg,  jo-han'nis-b§rg  (Ger.  pron.  yo-h5,n'nis- 
bSno*),  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hesso-Niis-sau,  on  a  hill  near 
the  Rhine,  13  miles  W.  of  Mentz,  famous  for  its  vineyard 
jrielding  the  finest  hock  wine.     Pop.  1049. 

Johannisburg,  yo-hln'nis-booRG*,  a  town  of  East 
Prussia,  70  miles  S.S.W.  of  Gumbinnen.     Pop.  2772. 

Johans'burg,  or  Johanesburg,  a  post-villago  of 
Washington  co.,  III.,  about  35  miles  E.S.E.  of  St.  Louis, 
Mo.     Pop.  101. 

John  Day's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Idaho  co.,  Idaho. 

John  Day's  River,  Oregon,  rises  among  the  Blue 
Mountains,  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  state.  It  runs  west- 
ward, and  passes  into  Waseo  oo.,  in  which  it  flows  nearly 
northward  until  it  enters  the  Columbia  River  about  40  miles 
above  Dalles  City.     Its  length  is  es^timated  at  250  miles. 

John  Gray's  River  rises  in  the  W.  part  of  Wyoming, 
runs  northwestward  into  Idaho,  and  enters  the  Snake  River 
in  Oneida  co.  It  traverses  a  mountainous  country  in  which 
gold  is  found.     It  is  probably  120  miles  long. 

John  O'Groat's  (o-grawts)  House,  Scotland,  co.  of 
Caithness,  li  miles  W.  of  Dunoansby  Head,  is  the  name 
of  a  site  once  occupied  by  a  cottage,  and  is  nearly  the  most 
N.  point  of  Great  Britain. 

John  Quincy  Adams,  or  J.  Q.  Adams,  a  town- 
ahip  of  Warren  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  809. 

John  River,  a  small  stream  of  Coos  co.,  N.II.,  falls 
into  the  Connecticut  in  the  N.  part  of  the  state. 

Johns,  a  township  of  Appanoose  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  916. 

Johusbnrg,  jonz'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  McIIenry  co., 
Ill,,  about  24  miles  N.  of  Elgin.  It  is  3  miles  from  MoHenry 
Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Johnsburg,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Johnsburg  township  (which  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Hudson  River),  abaut  50  miles  N.  of  Saratoga  Springs.  It 
has  a  church.  The  township  contains  the  village  of  North 
Creek,  on  the  Adirondack  Railroad,  and  has  a  pop.  of  2580. 

Johnsburg,  a  post-haralet  of  Somerset  co.,  Pa.,  about 
.20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cumberland,  iMd.     It  has  a  church. 

John's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Gordon  co.,  Ga. 

Johnsdorf,  a  village  of  Bohemia.    See  Jansdouf. 

John's  Ha'ven,  a  seaport  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Kincardine,  on  the  North  Sea,  3  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of 
JJervie.     Pop.  1077. 

John's  Island,  one  of  the  sea-island  chain  or  group, 
in  Charleston  co.,  S.C.  Pop.  2016.  John's  Island  Stotion 
is  on  the  Savannah  &  Charleston  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of 
Charleston. 

John'son,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Arkansas,  has 
an  area  of  about  612  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S. 
by  the  Arkansas  River,  here  navigable  by  steamboats,  and 
is  drained  by  Spadra  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating. 
The  soil  is  partly  fertile.     Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork 


are  the  staple  produota.  Coal  is  found  in  this  county. 
Among  its  Ibrest-trces  are  the  yellow  pine,  white  oak, 
chestnut,  and  black  walnut.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Little 
Rook  &  Fort  Smith  Railroad,  which  is  o|>crated  by  tlio 
Missouri  Pacific  system.  Capital,  Ciarksville.  Pup.  in 
1870,  0152;  in  1880,  11,565;  in  1890,  16,758. 

Johnson,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Gcorgin. 
Area,  2C(l  square  miles.  It  is  interfccted  by  the  Grmt 
Ohoopee  River,  and  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Oconee 
River.  The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly,  and  a  large  part  ol' 
it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  produces  cotton,  luaize, 
Ac.  Capital,  WrighUville.  Pop.  in  1870,2964;  in  1880, 
4800;  in  I8U0,  6129. 

Johnson,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Illinois.  Area, 
about  840  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Cache  Hiver  aini 
Big  Bay  Creek.  The  surface  is  partly  undulating,  ami 
broken  with  steep  hills  and  ridges.  Much  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests  of  white  oak,  hickory,  black  walnut,  elm,  sugar- 
maple,  tulip-tree,  cypress,  <io.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  has  abundance  of  carboniferous  limestone,  a  good 
material  for  building.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Cleveland, 
Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St,  Louis  and  St,  Louis,  Alton  i 
Torre  Haute  Railroads.  Capital,  Vienna.  Pop.  in  1870, 
11,248;  in  1880,  13,078;  in  1890,  15,013. 

Johnson,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Indiana, 
has  an  area  of  320  square*inilcs.  It  is  drained  by  the  Etst 
Fork  and  West  Fork  of  White  River,  which  respectiveljr 
traverse  the  southeastern  and  northwestern  parts  of  the 
county  ;  also  by  Sugar  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating, 
and  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  a  very 
fertile  loam.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  grass,  and  pork  are  tbo 
staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Cleve> 
land,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railroad  and  the 
Pittsburg,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  both 
of  which  communicate  with  Franklin,  the  capital.  Pop. in 
1870,  18,306;  in  1880,  19,637;  in  1890,  19,561. 

Johnson,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an 
area  of  about  575  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Iowa  River,  and  is  partly  droined  by  the  Cedar  River,  which 
touches  the  N.E.  part  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating, and  diversified  with  prairies  and  woodlands.  The 
soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  flax, 
pork,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  bai 
deposits  of  Devonian  limestone,  a  good  m.atcriiil  for  build- 
ing. It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A 
Pacific  Railroad  and  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  A 
Northern  Railroad.  There  is  a  junction  of  these  two  rail- 
roads at  Iowa  City,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  24,898;  in 
1880,  25,429;  in  1890,  23,082. 

Johnson,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Kansas,  bordering 
on  Missouri,  has  an  area  of  about  480  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Kansas  River,  and  is  partly 
drained  by  Big  Blue  River  and  small  affluents  of  the  Osage. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified 
with  prairies  and  woodlands,  in  which  the  ash,  hickory,  oak, 
vralnut,  and  sycamore  are  found.  The  soil  is  deep  and  very 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  wheat,  hay,  cattle,  and  pork  are 
the  staples.  Limestone  underlies  a  large  ]>arl  of  the  soil. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Kansas  City,  Fort  Scott 
A  Memphis,  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6,  and  Missouri 
Pacific  Railroads.  Capital,  Olatbe.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,684; 
in  1880,  16,853;  in  1890,  17,385. 

Johnson,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Kentucky,  has  an 
area  of  about  300  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
West  Fork  of  Big  Sandy  River,  which  flows  in  a  S.W. 
direction  through  the  E.  portion.  The  surface  is  hilly  and 
mostly  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  has  beds  of  coal.  Cajiital,  Paintsville.  Pop.  in 
1870,7494;  in  1880,  9155;  in  1890,  11,027. 

Johnson,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an 
area  of  about  800  square  miles.  It  is  drained  in  the 
central  and  N.E.  portion  by  Black  River,  and  in  the  S.W. 
part  by  Big  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  billy, 
and  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  A  large  portion  of  this  county  is  prairie.  Among 
its  minerals  are  bituminous  coal  and  limestone.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad, 
which  communicates  with  Warrensburg,  the  capital,  and 
is  partly  traversed  by  the  Osage  division  of  the  Missouri, 
Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad.  Pop.  in  1870,  24,648;  in  1880, 
28,172;  in  1890,  28,132. 

Johnson,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Nebraska,  has 
an  area  of  about  396  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Big  Nemaha  River,  sometimes  called  the  North  Branch  ol 


JOH 


1513 


JOH 


the  Nemaha,  which  runs  in  a  S.E.  direction,  and  it  is  partly 
drained  by  affluents  of  the  Little  Nemaha.  The  surface  is 
undulating  :  a  large  portion  of  it  is  prairie.  The  soil  is  deep 
and  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  onts,  and  hay  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  has  thin  beds  of  limestone 
and  coal.  It  is  interi^ected  by  the  Burlington  A  Missouri 
River  Railroad,  which  communicates  with  Tecuuiseh,  the 
capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  3429  ;  in  1880,  7595  ;  in  1890,  10,:i33. 
I  Johniion,  the  most  northeastern  county  of  Tennessee, 
'  borders  on  Virginia  and  North  Carolina.  Area,  300  square 
t  miles.  It  is  partly  drained  by  the  Watauga  Kiver.  The 
!  surface  is  mouutainous,  especially  along  the  N.W.  and  S.E. 
I  borders,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the 
chestnut,  ash,  oak,  and  other  varieties  of  trees  abound. 
The  soil  of  the  valleys  produces  Indian  corn,  oat?,  grass, 
Ac.  Iron  ore  is  found  in  this  county.  Capital,  Mountain 
City.     Pop.  in  1870,  6852;  in  1880,  7766;  in  1890,  8858. 

Johnson^  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Texas,  has 
an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  The  Brazos  River 
touches  the  S.W.  corner.  The  face  of  this  county  is  covered 
with  forest  trees  in  great  variety,  including  the  live-oak, 
I  maple,  sycamore,  magnolia,  walnut,  palmetto,  and  many 
others.  Cotton  and  maize  are  the  staples.  This  county  is 
traversed  by  the  Gulf,  Colorado  A  Santa  Fe  and  Missouri, 
Kansas  <t  Texas  Railroads.  Capital,  Cleburne.  Pop.  in 
1870,  4923;  in  1880,  17,911  ;  in  1890,  22,313. 

Johnson «  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Wyoming, 
has  an  area  of  4000  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Powder  River  and  other  streams.  The  W.  portion  is  very 
mountainous.  Like  other  parts  of  Wyoming,  this  county 
is  rich  in  mineral  resources,  and  its  mountainous  jjortions 
are  interspersed  with  fertile  valleys  and  grazing-lands. 
Capital,  Buffalo.     Pop.  in  1880,  637  ;  in  1890,  2357. 

Johnson,  a  township  of  Christian  co.,  111.     Pop.  640. 

Johnson,  a  township  of  Clark  co..  111.     Pop.  823. 

Johnson,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  685. 

Johnson,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1666. 

Johnson,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  652. 

Johnson,  a  township  of  Gibson  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  2016. 
It  contains  llaubstadt. 

Johnson,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  Ind.     Pop,  1543. 

Johnson,  a  township  of  La  Grange  co.,  Ind.     P.  1322. 

Johnson,  a  township  of  La  Porto  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  170. 

Johnson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind.,  in  Wash- 
ington township,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Richmond  A  Fort 
Wayne  Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  Richmond.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Johnson,  a  township  of  Ripley  CO.,  Ind.  Pop.  2409.  It 
contains  Versailles. 

Johnson,  a  township  of  Scott  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1454.  It 
contains  New  Frankfort  and  Wooster. 

Johnson,  a  post-office  of  the  Chickasaw  Nation,  Indian 
Territory. 

Johnson,  a  post-office  of  Jones  co.,  Iowa,  about  15  miles 
E.  of  Ananiosa. 

Johnson,  a  township  of  Plymouth  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  410. 

Johnson,  a  township  of  Webster  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  435. 

Johnson,  a  station  in  St.  James  parish,  La.,  on  the  New 
Orleans  A  Texas  Railroad,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Donaldsonville, 
and  38  miles  W.  of  New  Orleans. 

.Johnson,  a  township  of  Maries  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1257. 

Johnson,  a  township  of  Polk  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  898. 

Johnson,  a  township  of  Ripley  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  2409. 

Johnson,  a  township  of  Scotland  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1219. 

Johnson,  a  township  of  Washington  co..  Mo.     P.  717. 

Johnson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nemaha  co.,  Neb.,  12  miles 
from  Tecuraseh.     It  has  a  church. 

Johnson,  a  township  of  Champaign  co.,  0.  Pop.  2297. 
It  contains  St.  Paris. 

Johnson,  Licking  co.,  0.    See  Johnstowx. 

Johnson,  a  township  of  Williamsburg  co.,  S.C.  P.  1218. 

Johnson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kane  co.,  Utah,  2  miles 
from  the  S.  boundary  of  Utah.     It  has  a  church. 

Johnson,  a  post-village  of  Lamoille  co.,  Vt.,  in  John- 
son township,  on  the  Lamoille  River,  and  on  the  Portland 
A  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Ilyde  Park,  and 
about  28  miles  N.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
woollen-factory,  several  saw-mills,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  state 
normal  school.  Pop.  of  the  town.ship,  1558.  Ilere  is  a 
natural  bridge  over  the  Lamoille  River. 

John'sonburg,a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  N.  J.,  about 
25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Morristown.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
manufactory  of  gloves.     Pop.  about  150. 

Johnson  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mo., 
•bout  22  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Clinton. 

Johnson  City,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Tenn., 
ftt  the  junction  of  several  railroad  lines,  25  miles  S.S.W.  of 
96 


Bristol.  It  has  6  churches,  3  bank.'",  3  newspaper  offices, 
foundries  and  machine-shops,  and  manufactures  of  leather, 
sash,  blinds,  furniture,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  4161. 

Johnson  City,  a  post-village  of  Blanco  co.,  Tex.,  15 
miles  N.  of  Blanco. 

Johnson  Junction,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fleming  co., 
Ky.,  at  a  railway  junction,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Maysville. 
It  has  a  church. 

Johnson's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  8  miles 
by  rail  B.  of  Middletown.  It  has  a  manufactory  of  appa< 
ratus  for  pitching  hay. 

Johnson's,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co.,  0.,  on  th^ 
Dayton  A  Michigan  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Dayton. 

Johnson's,  a  station  in  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  on  the  At- 
lantic &  Great  Western  Railroad,  12  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
Warren. 

Johnson's  Bayou,  bi'oo,  a  post-village  of  Cameron 
parish,  La.,  near  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  30  miles  S.  of  Orange, 
Tex.     It  has  2  churches. 

John'sonsburg,  a  post-village  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y., 
about  32  miles  E.S.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  is  10  miles  S.  of  At- 
tica.    It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  saw-mills. 

Johnson's  Corners,  a  po.<t- village  of  Summit  co., 
0.,  in  Norton  township,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Akron.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Johnson's  Creek,  New  York,  rises  in  Niagara  co., 
runs  northeastward,  and  enters  Lake  Ontario  in  Orleans  co. 

Johnson's  Creek,  a  post-otlicc  of  Carroll  co..  III. 

Johnson's  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y., 
on  a  stream  of  the  same  name,  about  34  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Buffalo.     It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  barrels 

Johnson's  Creek,  a  post-otlice  c)f  Patrick  co.,  Va. 

Johnson's  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co., 
AVis.,  in  Aztalan  and  Farniington  town.ships,  on  the  Chi- 
cago A  Northwestern  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Watertown, 
and  I  mile  E.  of  Rock  River.  It  has  2  churches,  a  cheese- 
factory,  a  brick-yard,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Johnson's  Cross'ing,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co., 
Ind.,  6  miles  W.  of  Ander.-son. 

Johnson's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlct  of  Monroe 
CO.,  W,  Va.,  6  miles  E.  of  Lowull.     It  has  a  lumbor-mill. 

Johnson's  Fork,  a  hainlot  of  iMagoffin  co.,  Ky.,  34 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Frenchburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Johnson's  Grove,  a  ])ost-oliice  of  Story  co.,  Iowa. 

Johnson's  Grove,  a  post-hamlot  of  Crockett  co., 
Tenn.,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Bell's  Depot.     It  has  2  churches. 

Johnson's  Mills,  a  post-haiulct  of  Pitt  co.,  N.C.,  on 
Swift  Creek,  N.E.  of  Kinston.     It  h;us  2  churches. 

Johnson's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Noble  co.,  0. 

Johnson's  Mills,  Nova  Scotii..    See  Wimidku'.s. 

Johnson's  Mills,  or  Lnke'view',  a  post-village  in 
Huron  CO.,  Ontario,  19  miles  N.  of  Park  Hill.     Pop.  100. 

Johnson's  Spring, Virginia.  See  IIotktouutSimiings. 

Johnson's  Spring.s,  a  post-office  of  Goochland  co., 
Va.,    about  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Richmond. 

Johnson's  Station,  a  post-villago  of  Tarrant  co., 
Tex.,  about  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Dallas.     It  has  a  church. 

John'sontown,  a  ])ost-hamlet  of  Northamjiton  co., 
Va.,  about  100  miles  E.  of  Itichmond.     It  has  a  church. 

John'sonville,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Ark. 

Johnsonville,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co..  III.,  44 
miles  S.E.  of  Vandalia.    It  has  a  church  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Johnsonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Ind.,  at 
Sumner  Station  on  the  Wabash  Railroad  where  itcros.se.s  the 
Chicago,  Danville  A  Vinoennes  Railroad,  11  miles  N.E.  of 
Danville,  111. 

Johnsonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas, 
about  90  miles  N.W.  of  Junction  City. 

Johnsonville,  a  hamlet  of  Anderson  co.,  Ky.,  24  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Bardstown. 

Johnsonville,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Sunflower  co.. 
Miss.,  on  the  Sunflower  River,  77  miles  W.  of  Winona.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Johnsonville,  a  post-vill.ago  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Pittstown  township,  on  the  Iloosic  River,  and  on  the  Troy 
A  Boston  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Greenwich  A 
Johnsonville  Railroad,  16.^  miles  N.N.E.  of  Troy.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  manufactory  of  edge-tools. 

Johnsonville,  a  township  of  Harnett  co.,  N.C.     P.  483. 

Johnsonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  about 
66  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Cleveland.  It  has  2  churches  and  » 
cheese-factory. 

Johnsonville,  a  post-village  of  Northampton  co..  Pa.,  4 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Portland,  and  about  17  miles  N.  of  Easton. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  pottery,  and  2  lumber-mills. 

Johnsonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Williamsburg  co.,  S.C, 
about  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Kingstree.    It  has  a  church. 


JOH 


1514 


JOL 


JohncoBTille,  %  poit- vI11ag«  of  ITuinphroTi  co.,  Teno., 
«■  the  TenneMM  Kiver,  78  miles  by  rnil  W.  of  Nuhville. 
It  baa  3  ohurohea,  a  tannery,  and  a  Miw-mill. 
,    Johnsoavillef  a  post-offioe  of  Sheboygan  oo.,  Wis.,  on 
the  Shcboyfcan  Kivcr. 

John's  RiveTt  of  North  Carolina,  rises  in  the  K.  part 
of  Hiirkc  CO.,  ond,  flowing  S.,  fulls  into  the  Catawba. 

Juhiiston,  jdnz'tpn,  a  town  of  Scutlnnd,  oo.  of  Ren- 
tfm,  at  a  railway  junction,  3  miles  S.S.W.  of  Paidey.  It 
kaa  ootton-mills,  brasa-  and  iron-foundrirs,  nnd  mnchine- 
factories.  It  communicntes  with  Glasgow  by  a  cnnnl  and 
nilway.     Near  it  are  thriving  collieries.     Pop.  7636. 

Johuatoiit  jSnz'tfn,  a  county  of  North  Carolina.  Area, 
680  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  tho  Neuse  and  Little 
Rivers,  and  by  Swift  and  Middle  Creclts.  Tho  surface, 
uneven  or  hilly,  is  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  pine  nnd 
other  trees.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
■weet  potatoes,  and  porl(  are  the  staple  products,  Qrnnite 
is  abundant  in  this  county,  which  is  traversed  by  the  Rich- 
nond  A  Danville  and  Wilmington  &  Weldon  Railroads. 
Capital,  Smithfleld.  Pop.  in  1870, 16,897 ;  in  1880,  23,461 ; 
in  1890,  27,239. 

Johnston,  a  township  of  Trumbull  oo.,  0.     Pop.  893. 

Johnston  (or  Cornwallis)  Islands,  a  group  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean.  Lat.  16°  53'  20"  N. ;  Ion.  169°  31'  30"  W. 
They  form  a  lagoon,  surrounded  by  a  reof,  stretching  N.E. 
And  S.W.  10  miles,  and  5  miles  broad. 

Johnston  Isles,  a  rocky  group  in  the  Pacifio  Ocoan, 
B.W.  of  the  Sandwich  Islands, 

Johnston's  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Edgefield  co., 
B.C.,  on  the  Charlotte,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  52 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Columbia.  It  has  2  churches,  a  seminary 
or  high  school,  and  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  about  500. 

Johnston's  River,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co.. 
Prince  Eilward  Island,  10  miles  E.  of  Charlottetown.  P.  200. 

Johnston's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co..  Miss., 
on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad,  70  miles 
6.  of  Jackson.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  70. 

Johnston  Station,  a  post-office  of  Mcintosh  co.,  Oa., 
on  the  Atlantic  A  Gulf  Railroad,  46  miles  S.W.  of  Savannah. 

Johnston  Strait,  British  Columbia,  separates  Van- 
couver Island  from  the  mainland  on  its  N.  side. 

Johns'tonville,  a  post-office  of  Upshur  co.,  Tex. 

Johns'town,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kildare,  2  miles 
N.E.  of  Naas. 

Johnstown,  a  village  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Kilkenny,  IJ 
miles  N.E.  of  Urlingford.     Pop.  528. 

Johns'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.,  III.,  2 
miles  from  Pageville  Station,  and  about  50  miles  S.E.  of 
Decatur.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Johnstown,  a  post-hamlot  of  Greene  co,,  Ind.,  4  miles 
N.W.  of  Worthington.     It  has  a  grist-  and  a  saw-mill. 

Johnstown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Garrett  co,,  Md,,  about 
S3  miles  W,  of  Cumberland, 

Johnstown,  a  post-offioe  of  Barry  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Johnstown  township,  13  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Hastings.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1139. 

Johnstown,  a  post- village  of  Bates  co..  Mo.,  about  58 
miles  S.W.  of  Sedalia.     It  has  2  churches. 

Johnstown,  a  village  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Liv- 
ingston township,  9i  miles  S.  of  Iludson.  It  has  a  church. 
Here  is  Livingston  Post-Office. 

Johnstown,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Fulton  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Johnstown  township,  on  Cayndutta  Creek,  4  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Fonda,  and  48  miles  W.N.W.  of  Albany.  It  has 
8  churches,  a  union  schonl,  2  banks,  gas-works,  3  newspaper 
offices,  2  grist-mills,  a  planing-mill,  and  extensive  manu- 
factures of  gloves  and  mittens  which  give  employment  to 
many  skilled  operatives.    Pop.  in  1880,  5013  ;  iH  1890,  7768. 

Johnstown,  a  post-village  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  in  Mon- 
roe township,  about  22  miles  N.E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  drug-store,  <tc.     Pop.  424. 

Johnstown,  a  city  of  Cambria  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Cone- 
maugh  River,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  at  the 
W.  base  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains,  39  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Altoona,  and  78  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Pittsburg.  A  branch  of 
the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad  leads  from  Rockwood  to 
this  city.  The  city  is  surrounded  by  picturesque  mountain- 
ecenery,  and  contains,  besides  other  iron  industries,  the  ex- 
tensive works  of  the  Cambria  Iron  Company,  which  give 
employment  to  about  8700  men  in  the  manufacture  of  steel 
rails  and  a  great  variety  of  other  steel  products.  Johnstown 
has  2  national  banks,  a  savings-bank,  printing-offices  which 
issue  3  daily  and  4  weekly  newspapers,  16  churches,  elec- 
tric-light plant,  electric  railway,  several  tanneries,  tiour- 
mills,  planing-mills,  and  woollen-mills,  also  a  convent  and 
an  academy.     Pop.  in  1880,  8380  j  in  1890,  21,805. 


Johnstown,  a  hamlet  of  Juniata  oo..  Pa.,  6  miles  S.W. 
of  Mitllintown.  It  has  a  foundry.  Pop.  about  100.  Th« 
namo  of  its  post-office  is  Walnut. 

Johnstown,  a  hamlet  of  Schuylkill  oo..  Pa.,  2^  mlhi 
(Vom  Tower  City.     Pop.  70. 

Johnstown,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co.,  W.  Va. 

Johnstown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rock  co.,  AVis.,  in  Johoi. 
town  towniiliip,  about  54  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Milwaukee.  It 
has  1  or  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1191, 

Johns'town,  a  village  in  Qrenville  oo.,  Ontario,  on  tb« 
St.  Lawrence,  3  miles  from  Prescott.  It  has  a  saw-  aai 
grist-mill,  a  carding-  and  fulling-mill,  and  a  shingle-factory. 
Pop.  about  200. 

Johnstown  Centre,  a  post-hamlot  of  Rock  co.,  Wii., 
about  40  miles  S.E.  of  Madison.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  t 
general  stores. 

Johns'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradley  co..  Ark.,  en 
Saline  River,  60  miles  E.S.E.  of  Camden.     It  has  a  church. 

Johnsville,  a  post-village  of  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  abodt 
40  miles  W.N.W,  of  Baltimore.  It  has  an  umber-mine,  2 
churches,  and  a  coach-factory.     Pop.  about  200. 

Johnsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich.,  on  tb* 
Michigan  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Grand  Uaven. 
It  has  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Johnsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  In 
East  Fi-shkill  township,  about  11  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Nw- 
burg.     It  has  a  church. 

Johnsville,  a  post- village  of  Montgomery  oo.,  0.,  abttit 
14  miles  W.  of  Dayton.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  flour-miU. 

Johnsville,  a  village  of  Morrow  oo.,  0.,  in  Perry  town- 
ship, 14  miles  S.W.  of  Mansfield.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop. 
159.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Shauck's. 

Johnsville,  a  station  in  Bucks  co>,  Pa.,  on  tho  North- 
east Pennsylvania  Railro.id,  18  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia. 

Johntown,  Ontario,     See  Chat.sworth. 

John'ville,  a  post-villago  in  Compton  co.,  Quebec,  11 
miles  N.E.  of  Compton.  It  contains  a  store,  a  saw-mill,  and 
a  grist-mill.     Pop.  150. 

Johore,  or  Djohor,  jo'hOr',  a  state  occupying  the?, 
part  of  tho  Malay  Peninsula,  and  one  of  the  most  prosper- 
ous in  the  East.  It  is  traversed  by  a  railway,  and  exports 
much  fine  timber.  The  town  of  Johore,  on  the  river  of  the 
same  name,  is  20  miles  N.N.W,  of  Point  Romania.  It  is 
governed  by  a  sultan  with  the  title  of  Maharajah. 

Johstadt,  yO'st&tt,  or  Josephstadt,  yo'sif-st&tO,  a 
town  of  Saxony,  45  miles  S.W,  of  Dresden,     Pop.  2176. 

Joigny,  zhwln^yeo'  (anc.  Joviniacum  f)  a  town  of 
France,  in  Yonne,  on  the  Yonne,  here  crossed  by  a  good 
stone  bridge,  and  on  the  Paris  A  Lyons  Railway,  17  milea 
N.N.W.  of  Auxerre.  Pop.  5975.  It  is  enclosed  by  an  old 
wall,  and  has  narrow,  crooked,  and  steep  streets,  a  hand- 
some castle,  a  cathedral,  2  mediaeval  churches,  2  hospitals, 
a  communal  college,  barracks,  manufactures  of  brandy, 
woollen  cloth,  wine,  arms,  and  leather,  nnd  an  active  trade. 

Joinville,  zhwiN<>*veel',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ilaute- 
Marne,  on  the  Marne,  27  miles  N.  of  Chaumont.  Pop. 
3723,  It  is  situated  at  the  foot  of  a  castlc-crowncd  height, 
and  has  a  communal  college. 

Joinville  (join'vll)  Islands, in  the  Pacific  (Dangerooi 
Archipelago),  are  in  lat.  15°  48'  S.,  Ion.  139°  40'  W. 

Jomville-le-Pont,  zhw3,N<>'vccl'-l?h-p6iV",  a  villagt 
of  France,  in  Seine,  6  miles  E.  of  Paris.     Pop.  2901. 

Jokjokerta,  Java.    See  Djokjokarta. 

Joktheel,  a  Scriptural  name  of  Petra. 

Joliba,  a  river  of  Africa,    See  Niger. 

Joliet,  jo'le-et,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Will  co..  III.,  in 
Joliet  township,  on  Des  Plaines  River,  and  on  the  Illi- 
nois A  Michigiin  Canal,  37  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago,  It  if 
situated  on  several  important  railways,  whose  main  linw 
or  branches  converge  at  this  place,  including  the  Atchison, 
Topcka  A  Snnta  F6,  the  Chicngo  A  Alton,  the  Chicago, 
Rock  Island  A  Pacific,  the  Elgin,  Joliet  A  Eastern,  an^ 
the  Michigan  Central.  It  contains  many  handsome  stoM 
buildings,  12  churches,  3  chapels,  a  Catholic  academy,  2 
high  schools,  3  national  banks,  3  other  banks,  a  convent, 
and  a  state  prison.  The  last  is  a  magnificent  structure, 
built  of  fine  gray  limestone  quarried  in  the  vicinity.  Five 
newspapers  are  published  here.  Joliet  has  extensive  flour- 
mills,  machine-shops,  3  breweries,  lime  kilns,  brick-yards, 
a  foundry,  manufactories  of  boots  and  shoes  which  employ 
450  men,  cigar-fnctories  (135  men),  Bessemer  sf eel-works 
and  rolling-mills  (2000  m<'n),  carriage-shops,  marble-works, 
and  manufactures  of  builders'  hnrdware  (100  men),  cooper- 
age (180  men),  farming-implements,  stoves,  sash,  doors,  and 
blinds,  5  extensive  barbed-wire  mills  (2000  hands),  and  a 
sheet-rolling-mill.  The  river  affords  wnter-power  at  this 
place.     Here  are  large  quarries  of  excellent  Silurian  lime- 


JOL 


1515 


JON 


Btone,  called  Joliet  limestene,  of  which  several  fine  public 
buildings  of  Chicago  have  been  constructed.  About  1200 
men  are  employed  in  these  quarries.  Pop.  in  1890,  23,264; 
of  the  township,  excluding  the  city,  4174. 

Joliet,  or  Joliett,  a  village  of  Hamilton  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Washington  township,  about  22  miles  N.  of  Indianapolis. 
It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  about  200.  Here  is  Joliettville 
Post-Office. 

Joliet  Crossing,  a  station  in  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Columbus,  Chicago  &  Indiana  Central  llailroad  where  it 
crosses  the  Joliet  Branch  of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad, 
32  miles  S.E.  of  Chioago,  111. 

Joliett,  a  post-office  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  about  20 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Pottsville. 

Joliettc,  zhoMee-5tt',  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Que- 
bec, bordering  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  has  an  area  of  2670 
square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  river  L'Assomption  and 
several  smaller  streams.  A  railway  of  12  miles  connects 
its  chief  town,  Joliettc,  with  the  St.  Lawrence.   Pop.  23,075. 

Joliette,  or  Industry  Village,  a  town  in  Joliettc 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  L'Assomption,  19  miles  N.  of 
L'Assouiption,  and  on  the  St.  Lawrence  &  Industry  Rail- 
way, 12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lanoraie.  It  contains  large  grist-, 
saw-,  carding-,  and  fulling-mills,  an  extensive  foundry,  a 
tannery,  a  number  of  stores,  a  college,  convent,  hospital, 
and  mechanics'  institute,  and  large  quarries  of  limestone. 
It  is  the  business  centre  of  30  parishes,  and  has  a  market 
every  Saturday.  An  extensive  trade  is  done  in  grain  and 
eountry  produce  and  in  timber.  A  French  weekly  news- 
paper is  published  in  Joliette.    Pop.  3047. 

Joliettville,  or  Jolliettviilc,  Ind.    See  Joliet. 

Jolly,  Monroe  co.,  0.    See  Brownsville. 

Jol'lytown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co..  Pa., about  60 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Joloii,  Ho-Ion',  a  post-hamlet  of  Monterey  co.,  Cal.,  38 
miles  S.  of  Soledad. 

Jolsva,yolsh'v6h\  Alnovia,  6rno'vc-oh*,  or  Eltsch, 
Jltch,a  town  of  Hungary,  46  miles  W.  of  Kaschau.    P.  3076. 

Jonialic,  Ho-mi-leek',  and  Jomonjol,  iio-mon-Hol', 
two  islets  of  the  Philippines,  E.  of  Luzon. 

Jo'nas,  an  island  in  the  Sea  of  Okhotsk,  in  lat.  56°  25' 
30''  N.,  Ion.  143°  16'  E.,  about  2  miles  in  circumference, 
and  1200  feet  high.  A  crowd  of  detached  rocks  lie  oflf  its 
W.  side,  on  which  the  waves  beat  with  great  violence. 

Jo'nas  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Burke  co.,  N.C. 

Jon'uthan  Creek,  a  township  of  Moultrie  co.,  111. 
Pop.  1001. 

Jonathan's  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  in  Licking  co.,  runs 
eastward,  and  enters  the  Muskingum  River  in  Muskingum 
CO.,  about  3  miles  below  Zanesville. 

Jonathan's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Haywood  co., 
N.C,  about  32  miles  W.  of  Asheville.  Pop.  of  Jonathan's 
Creek  township,  987. 

Jones,  jonz,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Georgia, 
has  iin  urea  of  about  386  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.W.  by  the  Ocmulgee  River,  and  is  drained  by  Cedar 
and  Commissioner's  Creeks.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests  of  various  trees.  The  soil  is 
partly  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Among  its  minerals  are  granite  and  iron  ore.  The 
Central  Railroad  of  Georgia  and  the  Macon  &  Norfhern 
Railroad  traverse  this  county.  Capital,  Clinton.  Pop.  in 
1870,  9436;  in  1880,  11,613;  in  1890,  12,709. 

Jones,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an  area  of 
676  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Maquoketa  and 
Wapsipinic'on  Rivers,  the  former  draining  the  N.E.  and  the 
latter  the  W.  and  S.  parts.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The 
•oil  is  very  fertile.  This  county  has  a  large  portion  of 
prairie,  and  is  liberally  supplied  with  timber.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  oats,  hay,  butter,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
Silurian  liiuestone  underlies  a  large  part  of  the  soil.  This 
county  is  inteiseeted  by  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
and  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroads,  both  of  which  com- 
municate with  Anamosa,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop. 
in  1870,  19,731  ;  in  1880,  21,052;  in  1890.  20,233. 

Jones,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Mississippi,  has  an 
area  of  about  680  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Leaf 
and  Bogue  Homo  Rivers,  and  by  Tallahoma  and  Talla- 
hala  Creeks.  The  surface  is  uneven  or  undulating,  and  is 
extensively  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees. 
The  soil  is  sandy  and  rather  poor.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Ellisville,  on 
the  Queen  <fc  Crescent  Route.  Pop.  in  1870,  3313;  in  1880, 
3828;  in  1890,  8333. 

Jones,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  North  Carolina,  has 
an  area  of  about  430  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Trent  River.     The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  exten- 


sively occupied  by  marshes  and  forests  of  pine  and  cypress. 
The  soil  is  mostly  sandy,  and  produces  cotton  and  Indian 
corn.  The  Atlantic  &  North  Carolina  Railroad  passes 
along  the  N.  border  of  this  county.  Capital,  Trenton. 
Pop.  in  1870,  5002;  in  1880,  7491  ;  in  1890,  7403. 

Jones,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
area  of  900  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Clear  Fork 
of  Brazos  River.  Capital,  Anson,  situated  near  the  centre 
of  the  county.     Pop.  in  1880,  546;  in  1890,  3797. 

Jones,  a  station  in  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Selma  3r 
Gulf  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Selma. 

Jones,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  880. 

Jones,  a  station  on  the  Air-Line  division  of  the  Michl 
gan  Central  Railroad,  11  miles  E.  of  Cassopolis,  Mich. 

Jones,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Pitta- 
burg,  Virginia  &  Charleston  Railroad,  23  miles  S.  of 
Pittsburg. 

Jones,  a  township  of  Elk  CO.,  Pa.     Pop.  1091.  1' 

Jones  Bluff,  Alabama.    See  Epes  Station'. 

Jonesborough,  jonz'bur-rah,a  post- village  of  Jetter- 
son  CO.,  Ala.,  on  the  Alabama  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  13 
miles  S.AV.  of  Birmingham.  It  has  several  churches  and 
stores,  and  30  families.     Coal  and  iron  are  shipped  hero.    ■ 

Jonesborough,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Craighead 
CO.,  Ark.,  about  60  miles  N.N.W.  of  Memphis,  Tenn.  It 
has  2  churches  and  an  academy.     Pop.  155. 

Jonesborough,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clayton  co., 
Ga.,  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia,  20-  miles  S.  of  At- 
lanta. It  has  a  court-house,  3  white  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  the  Clayton  Institute,  a  steam  lumber-mill,  a  plough- 
factory,  and  a  carriage-factory.  Much  cotton  is  shipped 
here.     Pop.  in  1880,  1048;  in  1890,  803. 

Jonesborough,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Union  co., 
III.,  in  Jonesborough  township,  on  the  Cairo  &  St.  Louifl 
Railroad,  30  miles  N.  of  Cairo,  and  1  mile  W.  of  the  Illinois 
Central  Railroad.  Large  quantities  of  fruit  are  exported 
from  this  pl.ace.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  and  2  newspaper 
offices.  Near  it  there  is  a  slate  asylum  for  the  insane.  Pop, 
about  1000. 

Jonesborough,  a  post-village  of  Grant  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Mill  township,  on  Mississinewa  River,  and  on  the  Cincin- 
nati, Wabash  &  Michigan  and  Columbus,  Chicago  <fc  Indiana 
Central  Railroads,  45  miles  E.S.E.  of  Logansport,  and  6 
miles  S.  of  Marion.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  4  churches, 
a  seminary,  a  chair-factory,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  667. 

Jonesborough,  a  post-township  of  Washington  oo.. 
Me.,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Machias. 
Pop.  522. 

Jonesborough,  a  post-office  of  Tippah  co.,  Miss. 

Jonesborough,  a  hamlet  of  Saline  co..  Mo.,  22  miles 
W.N.W.  from  Boonville.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  50. 

Jonesborough,  a  post-village  in  Jonesborough  town- 
ship, Moore  co.,  N.C,  on  the  railroad  between  Raleigh  and 
Sanford,  about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Raleigh.  The  township 
has  6  churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and  tobacco. 

Jonesborough,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Washington 
CO.,  Tenn.,  is  situated  in  a  beautiful  and  fertile  valley  on 
the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad,  98  uiilea 
E.N.E.  of  Knoxville.  It  contains  5  or  6  churches,  2  news- 
paper offices,  a  normal  academy,  a  female  institute,  a  foun- 
dry, a  tannery,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  937. 

Jonesborough,  a  post-village  of  Coryell  co.,  Tex.,  on 
Loon  River,  50  miles  W.  of  Waco.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  seminary.     Pop.  300. 

Jonesborough,  a  post-office  of  Brunswick  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Nottoway  River,  about  38  miles  S.W.  of  Petersburg. 

Joncsburg,  jOnz'burg,  a  post-office  of  Chautauqua  co., 
Kansas,  about  11  miles  S.E.  of  Sedan. 

Jonesburg,  a  post- village  of  Montgomery  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern  Railroad,  68  miles 
W.N.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  4  churches,  and  manufactures 
of  carriages,  chairs,  and  ploughs.     Pop.  about  400. 

Jones'  (jonz'iz)  Chap'ci,a  post-office  of  Cullman  ct>.-, 
Ala. 

Jones'  Cor'ners,  a  post-office  of  Holmes  co.,  0.,  about 
SO  miles  S.E.  of  Mansfield. 

Jones'  Cove,  a  post-village  of  Sevier  co.,  Tenn.,  15 
miles  S.W.  of  Newport.     It  has  an  academy. 

Jones'  Creek,  of  Walker  co.,  Ala.,  flows  into  Sipsey 
River. 

Jones'  Creek,  of  Delaware,  runs  southea.stward  in 
Kent  CO.,  and  enters  Delaware  Bay.  Dover,  the  capital  of 
the  state,  is  on  this  creek. 

Jones'  Creek,  of  North  Carolina,  flows  into  Yadkin 
River  at  the  E.  border  of  Anson  co. 

Jones'  Creek,  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  Tennesse*^ 
flows  into  Ilarpeth  River  in  Dickson  co. 


JON 


1516 


JOP 


Jones'  Creek,  »  post-oSioe  of  Anson  oo.,  N.C. 

Jonei*  (jons'ii)  Cross  Koads,apo8t-o(no«of  Tallft- 
poon  00.,  AU. 

Jones'  Cross  Roads,  a  hamlet  of  Wiuihington  co., 
Md.,  1  mile  from  Breathodsville  Iluilrood  Statiun.  It  has 
ft  ohurcb  and  a  ooaoh-faotory. 

Jones'  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Meriwether  oo.,  Oa. 

Jones'  Mills,  a  post-ofBoe  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa., 
shout  44  miles  K.S.U.  of  Pittsburff. 

Jonc8  Mills,  a  post-uflice  of  Do  Kalb  oo.,  Tenn. 

Joiic'so,  a  post-oflice  of  Tulare  oo.,  Cal. 

Jone.sport,  junz'port,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.. 
Me.,  in  Jonoi<port  township,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  20  miles 
6.S.W.  of  Maohias,  and  about  66  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bangor. 
It  has  a  ehuroh.  It  is  partly  supported  by  ship-building. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1880,  16()8;  in  I8»0,  IV 17. 

Jones'  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-hamlet  of  Milam  co., 
Tex.,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Calvert.     It  has  a  church. 

Jones'  Springs,  a  post- village  of  Berkeley  co.,  W.  Va., 
8  miles  S.AV.  of  North  Mountain  Station.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  steam  lumber-mill. 

'    Jones'  Station,  a  post-office  of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind., 
about  30  luiles  N.E.  of  Madison. 

Jonea'  Station,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Dayton  Railroad,  19  miles  N.  of 
Cincinnati. 

Jones'  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ilaywood  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Louisville  A,  Memphis  Railroad,  05  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Slomphii^.     It  has  a  church. 

Jones  Switch,  a  post-office  of  Autauga  co.,  Ala. 

Jonestown, junz'tdwn,apost-officeofAllcnoa.,  Kansas. 

Jonestown,  a  post-villago  of  Coahoma  co..  Miss.,  15 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  llelona,  Ark.  It  has  2  churches  and  several 
stores. 

Jones  Town,  a  hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  Pa.,  in  Fish- 
ing Creek  township,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Bloomsburg.  It  has  a 
flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  20  houses.  Here  is  Pishing 
Creek  Post-Offico. 

Jonestown,  a  post-village  of  Lebanon  co..  Pa,  in 
Swatara  township,  on  or  near  Swatara  Creek,  and  on  the 
Lebanon  <k  Tremont  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Lebanon.  It 
has  .3  churches,  a  money-order  post-office,  a  hank,  and  a 
school  called  llcilman  Kail.     Pop.  643. 

Jonestown,  a  post-office  of  Cocke  co.,  Tenn. 

Jones'  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hickman  oo.,  Tenn., 
18  miles  N.W.  of  Columbia. 

Jonesville,  jOnz'vil,  a  post-office  of  Alachua  co.,  Fla. 

Joncsville,  a  village  of  Mcintosh  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  South 
Newport  River,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Walthourrille.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  99. 

Jonesville,  a  post-village  of  Bartholomew  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Wayne  township,  on  the  Jeffersonvillo,  Madison  .k  India- 
•lapolis  Riiilroad,  11  miles  S.  of  Columbus.     Pop.  206. 

Joncsville,  a  post-office  of  Owen  co.,  Ky. 

Jonesville,  a  post-village  of  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Fayette  township,  on  the  St.  Joseph  River,  and  on  the 
Alicbigan  Southern  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Fort 
Wayne,  Jackson  &  Saginaw  Railroad,  25  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Jackson,  and  5  miles  N.W.  of  Hillsdale.  It  is  also  a  ter- 
minus of  the  Lansing  division  of  the  Michigan  Southern 
Railroad,  and  is  60  miles  S.  of  Lansing.  It  contains  4 
churches,  a  large  union  school,  a  public  hall,  a  biink,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  cotton-mill,  a  flouring-mill,  a  woollen-factory, 
a  foundry,  and  3  carriage-shops.     Pop.  in  1890,  1288. 

Jonesville,  a  post-village  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Clifton  Park  township,  2J  miles  from  Round  Lake  Station, 
and  22  miles  N.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  church,  a  carriago- 
shop,  and  about  50  houses.     Pop.  about  180. 

Jonesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yadkin  co.,  N.C,  38  miles 
N.  of  Statesvillc.  It  has  a  church  and  a  tobacco-factory. 
A  bridge  over  the  Yadkin  River  connects  it  with  Elkin. 

Jonesville,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  S.C,  in  Jones- 
ville township,  on  the  Spartanburg  <fc  Union  Railroad,  about 
12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Unionville.  The  township  has  3 
churches  and  a  pop.  of  1809. 

Jonesville,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
railroad  between  Marshall  and  Shreveport,  16  miles  E.  of 
Marshall. 

Jonesville,  a  post-village  of  Chittenden  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Richmond  township,  on  the  Winooski  River,  and  on  the 
Central  Vermont  Railroad,  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Burlington. 
It  has  an  acjideiny,  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  spools 
and  button-moulds. 

Jonesville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Leo  eo.,  Va.,  near 
Powell's  River,  28  miles  N.  of  Rogersville,  Tenn.,  and  near 
the  E.  base  of  the  Cumberland  Mountain.  It  has  a  church, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  a  tobacco-factory. 


Jones'  Wharf,  a  post-village  of  Surry  oo.,  Va.,  on 
Jamea  River,  about  40  niilc)  K.  of  Petersburg.  It  bai  % 
church,  a  ship-yard,  a  saw-uiill,  itc. 

JiinkUpiug,  or  Jonkjoping,  yon'chii-ping  (almost 
yon'cliip-ing),  a  Itnn  of  South  Swuiion.  Area,  421>2  siiiiare 
miles.  Pop.  193,113.  The  principal  towns  are  J iinkoping, 
Orenna,  and  EksjS. 

Jdnkdping,  a  town  of  Sweden,  capital  of  the  lasn  of 
the  same  name,  at  the  S.  extremity  of  Lake  Wcttor,  and 
on  a  railway,  80  miles  E.  of  (iotlienburg.  Pop.  19,344.  It 
has  an  arsenal,  and  is  separated  from  its  suhuibK  by  ■ 
trench.  It  has  manufactures  of  wooUcn  and  linun  fabrics, 
matches,  and  leather.  It  has  mineral  .springs,  and  is  cou- 
noutcd  by  steamboat  and  rail  with  the  capital. 

Jonqui^res,  zh6N<>^ke-aii(',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Vaucluse,  on  an  island  formed  by  the  Ouvi^ze,  15  milts 
N.N.E.  of  Avignon.     Pop.  965. 

Jonquiercs,  zhiN^^ke-aiit',  a  post- village  in  Chicoutimi 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  Saguenay  River,  12  miles  W.  of  Chicoutimi, 
It  contains  2  saw-  and  2  grist-mills,  and  has  a  large  lumber- 
trade.     Pop.  200. 

JonsAveil,  yons'^Hle,  or  Jonschweil,  yonsh'*ile,  a 
village  and  parish  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  about  20 
miles  from  St.  Gall.     Pop.  1201. 

Jonzac,  zh6iJ"*zik',  a  town  of  France,  Charcnto-Inferi- 
eure,  on  the  Seugne,  22  miles  S.S.E.  of  Saintcs.     Pop.  2446. 

Joobul,  or  Jubal,  jf^o'bQI',  a  native  hill-state  of  In- 
dia, about  lat.  30°  48'-31°  6'  N.,  Ion.  77°  32'-77°  5t'  B., 
having  on  the  E.  the  Dehra  Doon  district.  Area,  288  squara 
miles.  Pop.  17,202.  The  people  are  a  handsome  race,  living 
in  a  very  mountainous  region. 

Joobul-Kharib,  joo'bul-Ki'rib,  a  bay  of  East  Africa, 
in  the  Danakil  country,  at  the  head  of  the  Bay  of  Tajoorah, 
lat.  11°  29'  N.,  Ion.  42°  54'  E.,  about  85  miles  W.S.W.  of 
the  Straits  of  Bab-el-Mandeb. 

Joodhun,  jood'hun',  a  strong  military  fort  of  British 
India,  62  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bombay. 

Jood^poor',  or  Mar'war,  called  also  Jodhpnr,  jod^- 
poor',  and  Joudpore,a  native  state  of  India,  the  largest 
of  the  Rajpoot  principalities.  Lat.  24°  30'-27°  40'  N. ;  Ion. 
70°  4'-75°  23'  E.  Length,  320  miles  ;  breadth,  100  miles  ; 
area,  35,672  square  miles.  It  is  in  two  distinct  parts,  ino!<tly 
surrounded  by  other  native  states.  Much  of  the  soil  is  fertile, 
but  there  are  largo  jungles,  with  many  wild  beasts.  Many 
of  the  people  are  Jains,  and  nearly  all  have  great  aptitude 
for  commerce.     Capital,  Joodpoor.     Pop.  1,783,000. 

Joodpoor,  or  Joudpour,  the  capital  of  the  above 
state,  is  100  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ajmeer.  Pop.  60,000.  The 
principal  edifice  is  a  large  and  magnificent  citivdel. 

Joo'dy,  or  Ju'di,  a  mountain  in  Turkish  Koordistan, 
is  between  the  Tigris  and  its  tributary  the  Khaboor,  im- 
mediately E.  of  Jezecreh-Ibn-Omar.  By  the  Mohaniiiio- 
dans,  it,  and  not  the  Armenian  Ararat,  is  believed  to  be  the 
mountain  on  which  the  ark  rested  after  the  Deluge. 

Joolaracrk,  or  Julanierk,joo-Id-mdrk',  written  also 
Giulamerk,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  95  miles  S.  of 
Van,  near  the  Greater  Zab.  It  stands  in  a  ravine  enclosed 
by  rocky  mountains,  and  consists  of  about  200  mud  huts 
around  a  massive  citadel. 

Joonnghur,  or  Junaghur,  joo*na-giir',  a  native  state 
of  India,  in  the  Kattywar  peninsula,  and  in  the  Sorulh 
division,  tributary  to  the  British  and  to  Baroda.  Area,  3800 
square  miles.  It  is  governed  by  a  native  nawab.  Capital, 
Joonaghur.     Pop.  380,921. 

Joonaghur,  a  walled  town  of  India,  capital  of  the 
Joonaghur  state,  58  miles  N.N.W.  of  Diu.  Pop.  about 
25,000. 

Joo^necr',  written  also  Juner  and  Dschuner,  s 
town  of  India,  district  and  26  miles  N.  of  Poonah.  Pop. 
10,901. 

Joorhath,  joor*h4t'h',  or  Jorhaut,  jor'hawt',  a  town 
of  British  India,  province  and  formerly  capital  of  Assam, 
on  the  Dikho,  an  affluent  of  the  Brahmapootra.  Lat.  26° 
48'  N. ;  Ion.  94°  6'  E. 

Jop'lin,  an  enterprising  city  of  Jasper  co..  Mo.,  at  ths 
junction  of  several  railroad  lines,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Car- 
thage. It  contains  9  churchi-s,  4  bunks,  4  newspaper  offices, 
boiler-works,  foundiies  and  machine-shops,  a  soap-factory, 
an  electric  street-railway,  electric-  and  gtis-lighting  sys- 
tems,  and  many  handsomit  and  substantial  business  houses. 
It  is  the  commercial  centre  of  the  Southwest  Mii-souri  lend- 
and  zinc-mining  region.    Pop.  in  1880,  7038  ;  in  1890,9731. 

Joplin  Crossing,  Missouri.    See  Carl  Junction. 

Joppa,  the  ancient  name  of  Jaffa. 

Jop'pa,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cullman  co.,  Ala.,  about  18 
tniles  N.E.  from  Cullman,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
Joppa,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alachua  co.,  Fla.,  15  miles 


JOP 


1517 


JOS 


N.W.  of  Bronson.  It  has  an  academy,  a  grist-mill,  and  a 
Baw-mill. 

Joppfi«  a  post-hamlet  of  Massac  co.,  111.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  24  miles  above  Cairo.     It  has  20  houses  and  a  church. 

Jorairatar,  or  Jorayratar,  Ho-ri-ri-taii',  a  village  of 
Spain,  in  Andalusia,  38  miles  S.E.  of  Granada.     Pop.  1702. 

Jurak,  a  river  of  Armenia.     See  Choruk. 

Jorat,  /.ho'ri'  or  zhoV^t',  or  Jurten,yoou't§n,  a  chain 
of  low  mountains  in  Switzerland,  forming  the  watershed 
between  the  Lakes  of  Neufchatol  and  Ueneva,  and  connect- 
ing the  Bernese  Alps  with  Mount  Jura. 

Jor'dau  (Arab.  Shereeah-el-Kebeer or  Sheriah-el-Kehir, 
sh9-roe'.\-dl-k§-beer',  "  the  great  watering-place"),  a  famous 
river  of  Palestine,  rises  in  Anti-Libanus,  and  by  two  sources 
on  the  E.  near  Paneas,  and  W.  near  Laish,  or  Dan,  flows 
S.  through  the  lakes  Bahr-el-HooIeh  (anc.  Me'rom)  and 
Tiberias,  or  Tabareeyah  (anc.  Genes' areth),  and  enters  the 
Dead  Sea  at  its  N.  extremity,  after  a  total  course  of  120 
miles.  Its  breadth  and  depth  vary  greatly ;  in  spring,  when 
highest,  it  has  been  found  at  Beis-an,  140  feet  across,  wholly 
unfordablo  and  very  rapid.  It  has  many  cataracts.  Its 
valley  is  about  5  miles  wide,  hemmed  in  by  precipices;  the 
soil  is  sandy  and  barren,  though  the  banks  of  the  river  are 
covered  by  a  dense  vegetation.  Its  principal  affluents  are 
the  Jabok  and  Shereeali-el-Mandoor  or  Yarmuk. 

Jor'dau,  a  township  of  Whiteside  co..  111.     Pop.  1196. 

Jordan,  a  township  of  Jasper  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  327.  It 
18  traversed  by  Iroquois  River. 

Jordan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jay  co.,  Ind.,  9  miles  N.  of 
Union  City,  and  35  miles  N.  of  Richmond.     It  has  a  church. 

Jordan,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  448. 

Jordan,  a  township  of  Monona  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  170. 

Jordan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Antrim  co.,  Mich.,  in  Jordan 
township,  12  miles  W.  of  Boyne  Falls.  It  has  a  lumber- 
mill. 

Jordan,  a  township  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  670. 

Jordan,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co.,  Minn.,  in  Sand  Creek 
township,  near  the  Minnesota  River,  and  on  the  St.  Paul  & 
Sioux  City  Railroad,  39  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has 
a  bank,  6  churches.  2  large  flouring-mills,  and  a  pump- 
factory.     Pop.  in  1880,  915;  in  1890,  1233. 

Jordan,  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.     See  Joiidan  Falls. 

Jordan,  a  post-villago  in  Elbridge  township,  Onondaga 
CO.,  N.Y..  on  the  Erie  Canal,  the  outlet  of  Skaneateles  Lake, 
and  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  17  miles  W.  of  Syra- 
cuse, and  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Auburn.  It  has  5  churches, 
a  bank,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  a  paper-mill,  2 
large  manufactories  of  wheelbarrows,  and  manufactures  of 
pumps,  threshing-machines,  and  carriages.   P.  (1890)  1271. 

Jordan,  a  post-office  of  Linnco.,  Oregon. 

Jordan,  a  township  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.  Pop.  661. 
It  contains  Ansonville. 

Jordan,  a  post-office  of  Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  is  at  Pleasant 
Corner,  about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Allentown. 

Jordan,  a  township  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.     Pop.  473. 

Jordan,  a  township  of  Northumberland  CO.,  Pa.     P.  924. 

Jordan,  a  station  in  Salt  Lake  co.,  Utah,  onthe  Bing- 
ham Caiion  &  Camp  Floyd  Railroad,  at  the  crossing  of  the 
river  Jordan,  13  miles  E.  of  Bingham  Caiion. 

Jordan,  apost-offico  of  Green  co..  Wis.,  in  Jordan  town- 
ship, 9  miles  from  Monroe,  and  about  37  miles  S.W.  of 
Madison.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1026. 

Jor'dan,  a  village  in  Lincoln  co.,  Ontario,  IJ  miles  from 
Jordan  Station.     Pop.  200. 

Jordan,  or  Saint  Mary's,  a  post-village  in  Lincoln 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  Great  Western  Railroad,  26  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Hamilton.  It  contains  a  hotel,  a  tannery,  and  several 
stores.     Pop.  160. 

Jordan,  Hastings  co.,  Ontario.    See  Mill  Bridge. 

Jordan  Alum  Springs,  a  watering-place  of  Rock- 
bridge CO.,  Va.,  5  miles  S.  of  Millborough  Depot. 

Jordan  Kay,  a  post-settlement  in  Shelburne  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  a  bay  at  the  mouth  of  Jordan  River.     Pop.  160. 

Jordan  Creek  rises  in  Owyhee  co.,  Idaho,  runs  south- 
westward  into  Oregon,  and  enters  the  Owyhee  River  about 
Ion.  117°  W.  Gold  and  silver  are  found  near  this  creek, 
which  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Jordan  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  the  N.  part  of 
Lehigh  co.,  runs  southeastward,  and  enters  the  Lehigh 
River  at  Allentown. 

Jordan  Falls,  a  hamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Oswegatchie  River,  17  miles  E.N.E.  of  Castorland.  It  has 
a  tannery  and  a  saw-mill. 

Jordan  Ferry,  a  settlement  in  Shelburne  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  Jordan  Bay,  4  miles  from  Shelburne.     Pop.  200. 

Jordan  lliver,  Utah,  issues  from  the  N.  end  of  Utah 
Lake,  runs  northward  through  the  county  of  Salt  Lake, 


and  enters  the  Great  Salt  Lake.  The  direct  distance  from 
its  origin  to  its  mouth  is  nearly  40  miles.  Salt  Lake  City 
is  on  the  bank  of  this  river. 

Jordan's  Chapel,  a  post-office  of  Summers  co.,  W.Va. 

Jordan's  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  111., 
3  miles  from  Marissa  Railroad  Station,  and  about  26  milea 
S.  by  E.  of  Belleville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Jordan's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co..  Pa. 

Jordan  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas. 

Jordan  Si)rings,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,Tenn. 

Jordan's  llun,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co.,  W.  Va.,  33 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Keyser. 

Jordan's  Saline,  Texas.    See  Qiiand  Saline. 

Jordan's  Springs,  a  watering-place  of  Frederick  co.> 
Va.,  li  miles  from  Stephenson's  Depot,  which  is  5  milea 
N.E.  of  AVinchester.  Here  are  white  sulphur  springs,  with 
a  large  hotel. 

Jordan's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Williamson  co., 
Tenn.,  about  28  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Nashville. 

Jordan's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Powhatan  co.,  Va. 

Jordan  Station,  a  post-village  of  Fulton  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Mobile  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  20  miles  S.  of  Columbus.  It 
is  on  the  N.  boundary  of  Tennessee.  It  has  a  church  and 
3  general  stores. 

Jordan's  Valley,  Tennessee.    See  Christiana. 

Jordan  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Baker  co.,  Oregon. 

Jordan  Village,  a  post-hamlet  of  Owen  co.,  Ind., 
about  30  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Terre  Haute.     It  has  a  church. 

Jor'danville,  a  post-office  of  Knos  co.,  Ind.,  6  miles 
S.E.  of  Vincennes. 

Jordanville,  a  post-village  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Warren  township,  about  22  miles  S.E.  of  Utica.  It  hai 
2  churches, 

Jorhaut,  a  town  of  India.    See  Joorhath. 

Jorjan,  a  town  of  Northeast  Persia.    See  Goorgaun. 

Jorquera,  or  Xorquera,  HOR-ki'rA,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  of  Albacete,  19  miles  N.E.  of  Chinchilla,  on  a  steep 
acclivity,  near  the  river  Jucar.     Pop.  1098. 

Joruk,  a  river  of  Asia.    See  Choruk. 

Jorullo,  Xurullo,  or  Xorullo,  iTo-rool'yo  (often 
pronounced  iio-roo'yo),  sometimes  written  Jurnyo,  a  vol- 
cano of  Mexico,  state  of  Michoacan,  75  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Valladolid,  80  miles  from  the  Pacific  Ocean,  in  lat.  19°  10' 
N.,  Ion.  101°  1'  45"  W.,  and  which  has  presented  the  most 
remarkable  phenomenon  in  the  memory  of  man,  it  having 
been  wholly  thrown  up  from  a  fertile  plain,  having  an  ele- 
vation of  2890  feet,  to  the  height  of  4205  feet  above  the 
sea,  by  a  violent  eruption,  September  28  and  29,  1759. 
The  upheaved  tract  is  bounded,  at  a  distance  of  from  IJ  to 
2  miles  from  the  chief  crater,  by  a  precipitous  wall,  especially 
abrupt  on  the  W.  side,  and  accessible  at  only  a  few  places. 
Since  its  great  eruption,  many  of  the  subordinate  cones  have 
disappeared,  others  have  changed  their  form.  The  tempe- 
rature of  the  soil  has  materially  declined,  and  the  volcano 
is  partially  covered  with  forest-trees;  but  eruptions  still 
occur  at  intervals. 

Josco,  a  post-offioe  of  Livingston  eo.,  Mich.    See  Iosco. 

Josephine,  jo-z^-feen',  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of 
Oregon,  has  an  area  of  about  2880  square  miles.  It  ia 
intersected  by  Rogue  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Illi- 
nois River  and  Applegate  Creek.  The  surface  is  diversified 
by  mountains  and  valleys  and  extensive  forests.  The  soil 
is  partly  fertile,  but  is  mostly  uncultivated.  Gold  is  said 
to  be  found  in  it.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  South 
Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Grant's  Pass,  Pop.  in  1870, 
1204;  in  1880,  2485;  in  1890,  4878. 

Josephine,  a  post-office  of  San  Luis  Obispo  co.,  Cal., 
13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cambria.     Quicksilver  is  found  near  it. 

Jo'seph's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Tyler  co.,  W.  Va. 

Joscphstadt,  yo'sdf-stitt\  a  fortified  town  of  Bohe- 
mia, 11  miles  N.  of  Koniggratz,  on  the  Elbe.  Pop.  2561, 
besides  military.  It  has  an  establishment  for  the  children 
of  soldiers,  and  manufactures  of  needles  and  cotton  fabrici. 

Josephstadt,  a  town  of  Saxony.    See  Johstadt, 

Joseplistadt,  a  town  of  Galicia.    See  Podgorze. 

Jo'sephville,  a  post-office  of  St.  Charles  co..  Mo. 

Josh'ua,  a  township  of  Fulton  co.,  111.     Pop.  1175 

Josimath,  jo^se-mat'h',  a  village  of  India,  among  th« 
sources  of  the  Ganges.  Lat.  30°  33'  N. ;  Ion.  79°  40'  E.  It 
consists  of  houses  of  gray  stone,  with  several  temples  inter- 
spersed, one  of  which  is  connected  with  the  famous  shrine 
of  Bhadrinath. 

Jos'lin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rook  Island  co..  111.,  on  the 
Rockford,  Rock  Island  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  lv>  miles  E.  by 
N.  of  Rock  Island.     It  has  a  store. 

Joslowitz,  yos'lo-^it8\  or  JaroslOAvicc,  yi-ros-lo- 
^eet's^,  a  town  of  Moravia,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Znaim.  P.  1500. 


JOS 


1518 


JUB 


'  Jostelin,  thos^tfh-l&N"',  n  totrn  of  Franoo,  in  Murbi- 
^an,  80  ttilos  N.N.B.  of  Vannes.  It  hoa  a  oumniunai  col- 
lege, »  flno  old  ohiMeau,  and  tiinnerios.     Pop.  2522. 

Jot'aelyHf  »  station  in  Dawson  oo.,  Neb.,  on  the  Union 
Paciflo  lUilroiid,  225  miles  W.  of  Oinnha, 
'    Jos«e«  (or  8aint-Jo8se>)  Tcn>Noodc,  yoss-tdn- 
na'dfh,  a  village  of  Uclgium,  in  South  llrabiint,  immedi- 
atoly  E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  of  oominuno,  20,192. 

JoaXf  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Jaszko. 

JouarrCf  ihoo^aRii',  a  market-town  of  Franoa,  dcpart- 
•icnt  of  Seine-et-Mnrno,  12  milos  E.  of  Menux.     Pop.  1474. 

Jouarrc  -  Poiitchartraiii,  ihoo'aiiR'  -  p6.'«»'shaR*- 
trAs*',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Seine-et-Oise,  11 
Biilct  N.N.E.  of  Rambouillot.     Pop.  1509. 

Joudoinn«  a  river  of  Siberia.    Sec  Yoodoma. 

Joudporo«  n  town  of  India.    See  JooDraoii. 

Jou6,  zhoo'i',  a  village  of  France,  de])artment  of  Indro- 
•t-Loire,  3  miles  S.S.W.  of  Tours.     l»op.  576. 

Jou6,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Loire-Inf6- 
rieurc,  on  the  Krdrc,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Anecnis.      Pop.  464. 

Jou6  du  BoiS)  zhoo'ji'  dii  bwjl,  a  village  of  France, 
In  Orne,  21  miles  N.W.  of  Alcnyon.      Pop.  1463. 

Jougf  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Yooo. 

Jougnc,  zhooii,  a  market-town  of  Franco,  department 
of  Doubs,  9  miles  S.  of  Pontarlier.     Pop.  1337. 

Joulaincrk,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Joolamerk. 
.    Jouna,  a  river  of  Alaska.    See  Yuko:t. 

Jounpoor,  or  Jaunpur,  jSwn'poor',  less  correctly 
written  J  u^aiipoor' and  J  oon^poor',  a  district  of  India, 
in  the  Allahabad  division,  North-Wcst  Provinces,  lat.  25° 
22'-26°  12'  N.,  Ion.  82°  12'-83°  10'  E.  Area,  1656  square 
miles.  It  is  a  very  level  and  fertile  region,  of  which  sugar 
is  a  leading  product.     Pop.  1,025,961. 

Jounpoor^  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the  above  dis- 
trict, on  the  Qoonitee,  here  bridged,  55  miles  N.W.  of  Ben- 
area.  It  has  military  cantonments.  Pop.  25,531. 
'  Jounsar^or  Jaunsar,  jown^sar',  called  al^o  Jaunsar 
Bawar,  a  hilly  region  of  India,  about  lat.  30°  30'-30°  57' 
N.,  Ion.  77°  46'-73°  9'  E.  Area,  343  square  miles.  It  is 
attached  to  the  Dchra  Doon  district.     Pop.  24,684. 

Jouques^  zhook,  a  village  of  France,  in  Bouches-du- 
Rhone,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Aix.     Pop.  1605. 
'    Jourbourg,  Russian  Poland.    See  Yoorboorg. 

Jourc,  zhooR,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Friesland, 
6  miles  N.W.  of  Heerenveen.     Pop.  2S10. 

Jouriev-Polskoi,  Russia.    See  Y^ooriet-Polskoi. 

Joux,  zhoo,  a  lake  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Vaud,  near 
the  Jura  and  the  French  frontier.  Length,  7  miles;  breadth, 
1  mile.  It  is  350  feet  above  the  sea.  The  valley  is  remark- 
able for  its  three  lakes,  for  the  "perte  do  TOrbe,"  for  its 
romantic  scenery,  and  for  the  industry  of  its  inh.abitants. 

Joux,  Chateau  de,  shaHO'  d?h  zhoo,  in  France,  de- 
partment of  Doubs,  is  a  fortress  on  a  precipice,  command- 
ing the  route  to  Neufchatol.  It  was  the  prison  of  Fouquot, 
Alirabeau,  and  Toussaint  L'Ouvcrture. 

Jouy,  zhwce,  a  village  of  France,  on  the  railway  from 
Paris  to  Chartres,  6  miles  from  the  latter. 

Jouy-sur-Morin,  zhwee-siiR-mo'riN"',  a  village  of 
France,  department  of  Seine-et-Marne,  on  the  Morin.  Pop. 
1835.  Jouy  is  the  name  of  many  communes  in  the  depart- 
ments of  Eure-et-Loir,  Moselle,  Ac. 

Jowaliir,  a  mountain  of  India.    See  Jawahir. 

Jowaur,  jo*war',  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Jowaur  state, 
44  miles  S.E.  of  Damaun,  in  lat.  19°  65'  N.,lon.  73°  23'  E. 

Jowaur,  or  Jawar«  ja-war',  a  native  state  of  India, 
between  the  Western  Ghaut's  and  the  sea.  Lat.  19°  50'-20° 
12'  N. ;  Ion.  73°  8'-73°  30'  E.  Area,  about  300  square  miles. 
Pop.  37,406. 

jowf)  an  oasis  of  Arabia,  adjoining  Y'emen  on  the  E. 
Chief  town,  Mareb.  Another  Jowp  is  an  oasis  S.  of  the 
Syrian  frontier,  a  dependency  of  Jebel-Shomer. 
.  Jowraii,  Jowra,  or  Jaura,  jow'ri,  a  town  of  India, 
capital  of  the  Jowrah  state,  on  the  river  Piria,  here  crossed 
by  a  bridge,  53  miles  N.W.  of  Oojein.     Pop.  about  10,000. 

Jowrali,  Jowra,  or  Jaura,  a  native  state  of  Central 
India.     Area,  872  square  milos.     Pop.  85,466. 

Joy,  a  po.st-bamIet  of  Blount  oo.,  Ala.,  8  miles  N.W. 
•f  Oneonto. 

Joy,  or  Mili'ersbnrg  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Mercer  co.,  III.,  on  the  Ual  va  &  Keithsburg  Railroad,  7  miles 
W.  of  Aledo.     It  has  a  church. 

Joy,  a  post-office  of  Douglas  co.,  Minn. 

Joy,  a  post-villiige  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Sodus  town- 
•bip,  30  miles  £.  of  Rochester.  It  has  a  church,  and  man- 
afacturcs  of  barrels,  staves,  lumber,  brooms,  Ac.     Pop.  122. 

Joy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  0.,  12  miles  N.  of 
lii^  Run  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 


Joyceville,  joiss'vTI,  a  post-office  of  Mecklenburg  oo., 
Va.,  1  mile  froiu  Roanoke  River,  and  15  miles  N.  of  Maoon 
N.C.     Here  is  a  flour-mill. 

Joycnse,  ehw&'yirz',  a  town  of  Franco,  in  ArdJcho,  on 
the  Baume,  at  the  foot  of  the  CCvenncij,  7  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Largenti5rc.     Pop.  1724. 

Joy'lield,a  post-townnhip  of  Benzie  oo.,  Mich.,  is  about 
2  miles  E.  of  Lake  Michigan,  and  1  mile  S.  of  Bonzonia. 
It  contains  2  churches.     Pop.  116. 

Joyncstown,  joina'town,  a  township  of  Wilson  oo., 
N.C.     Pop.  1271. 

Joy^nug'ger,  Jynngger,  or  Jainagar,  jl-nug'g^r, 
a  town  of  Bengal,  15  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Calcutta,  with  which 
it  communicates  by  navigable  water-courses,     Poj).  7772. 

Jozefow,  or  Jozcfov,  yo*z9h-fov',  a  town  of  Poland, 
on  the  Vistula,  government  and  32  miles  S.W.  of  Lublia. 
Pop.  1240. 

Jozefow,  or  Jozcfov,  a  town  of  Poland,  govemmmt 
of  Lublin,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Zamosc.     Pop.  1100. 

Ju'ab,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Utah.  Area, 
3S28  square  miles.  The  Svvicr  River  touches  its  south- 
western  part.  The  surface  is  mountainous.  Among  ill 
prominent  features  is  Mount  Nebo,  siiid  to  be  about  12,000 
feet  high.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  wool  are  tha 
staple  products.  The  E.  ])Rrt  is  traversed  by  the  Union 
Pacific  and  Sun  Pete  Valley  Railroads.  Capital,  Nephi, 
Pop.  in  1870,  2034;  in  1880,  3474;  in  1890,  6582. 

Juan,iioo-&n'or  Hwjln,  a  town,  island  of  Majorca.  P.  175S. 

Juan  dc  Alicante,  iioo-fLn'  Ah.  A-le-kin'ti,  a  villaga 
of  Spain,  province  and  4  miles  N.E.  of  Alicante.     P.  3773* 

Juan  de  Fnca.    See  Fuca. 

Juanes,  nw&-nds',  a  river  of  Spain,  flows  S.E.,  and 
joins  the  Jucar  after  a  course  of  about  45  miles. 

Juan  Fernandez,  ju'an  f^r-nan'ddz  (Sp.  pron.  noo> 
An'  ffiR-nin'dfith),  or  Mas-a-Tierra,  mis-i-te-6u'n4, 
a  rocky  island  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  about  400  miles  off 
the  coast  of  Chili,  of  which  it  is  a  dependency.  Lat.  33* 
37'  S. ;  Ion.  78°  53'  W.  It  is  18  miles  long  and  6  mile* 
broad,  rises  to  3000  feet  above  the  ocean,  and  has  steep  shores 
and  a  desolate  appearance.  In  its  N.  half  is  Cumberland 
Bay.  It  has  a  few  Chilian  inhabitants,  and  is  the  seat  of  a 
small  German  colony.  The  solitary  residence  here  for  four 
years  of  a  Scotchman  named  Alexander  Selkirk  is  sujiposcd 
to  have  formed  the  basis  of  De  Foe's  tale  of  "  Robinson 
Crusoe."  Mas-a-Fukra  is  another  rocky  and  precipitom 
island,  lying  to  the  W.     Lat.  33°  49'  S.;  Ion.  80°  27'  W. 

Juan  Griego,  noo-in'  gree-A'go,  a  port  of  Venezuela, 
island  of  Margarita. 

Juanpoor,  or  Juanpore,  India.    See  Jounpoor. 

Juan  Rejon,  Hoo-4n'  rA-non',  an  islet  of  the  Cana- 
ries. It  is  one  of  the  four  islands  which  form  the  port  of 
Arecife. 

Juan,  San,  Central  America.    See  San  Juak. 

Juba,  zhoo'bi,  or  Govind,  go-vind'  (called  also 
Fumbo,  foom'bo,  and  Rogue's  River),  a  river  of  East 
Africa,  after  a  S.E.  course  falls  into  the  Indian  Ocean  in 
lat.  0°  14''S.,  Ion.  42°  39'  E.  It  is  said  to  rise  in  Abys- 
sinia,  and  is  the  S.W.  limit  of  the  Galla  and  Adel  country. 
It  is  well  adapted  to  steam  navigation. 

Juba,  or  Govind,  a  walled  town  of  East  Africa,  situ- 
ated on  the  summit  of  a  lofty  hill,  1  mile  from  the  muuth 
of  the  river  Juba. 

Jubai,  India.    Sec  Joobul. 

Jubbulpoor,  or  Jabalpur,  jilb'biil-poor',  written 
also  Jubbulpore,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the  district 
and  division  of  Jubbulpoor,  200  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Al- 
lahabad. It  has  wide  and  straight  streets,  an  industrial 
school,  and  a  military  establishment.     Pop.  (1891)  84,560. 

Jubbulpoor,  the  northernmost  division  or  commis- 
sionership  of  the  Central  Provinces,  British  India,  com- 
prising 6  districts.  Area,  18,504  square  miles.  Capital, 
Jubbulpoor.  Pop.  1,859,100.  The  district  of  Jubbulpoor, 
in  this  division,  is  traversed  by  the  river  Nerbudda,  and 
is  a  fertile  region,  in  part  occupied  with  forests  and  high- 
lands. Area,  3918  square  miles.  Capital,  Jubbulpoor 
Pop.  628,869, 

Jubeil,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey.    See  Jebail. 

Jubcra,  or  Xubera,  Hoo-ni'rA,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Old  Castile,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Logrono,  on  the  Jubcra. 

Ju'bilee,  a  township  of  Peoria  co..  III.  Pop.  837.  It 
contains  Robin's  Nest,  which  is  the  seat  of  Jubilee  College. 

Jublains,  zhii'blitjo'  (anc.  Nxodn'immf),  a  village  of 
France,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Mayenne,  It  is  remarkable  for  ita 
interesting  Roman  remains.     Pop.  1848. 

Jubrique  (or  Xnbrique)  la  Nueva,  Hoo-brre'kA  li 
nwA'vA,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  province  and  5fi 
miles  from  Malaga.     Pop.  2596. 


Tjirc 


nw 


JUL 


Jucar^  or  Xucar,  Hoo'kaR  (anc.  Su'cro),  a  river  of 
Spain,  in  New  Castile  and  Valencia,  rises  in  the  Sierra  Al- 
barracin,  flows  successively  W.,  S.,  and  E.,  and  enters  the 
Mediterranean  at  Cullera,  26  miles  S.  of  Valencia.  Length, 
about  200  miles. 

Jiichitan,  or  Xuchitan,  Hoo-ohe-t3,n',  a  town  of 
Mexico,  state  of  Oajaca,  on  the  river  Juchitan,  20  miles 
N.E.  of  Tehuanterieo.     Pop.  4600. 

Juchnov,  or  Juchnow,  llussia.    See  Yookhnov. 

Juchnovk,  or  Juclinowka.    See  Yookhnovka. 

Juckow,  or  Juchow,  joo'kow,  sometimes  written 
Jakau,  ji'kow,  a  seaport  town  of  India,  in  Cutch,  60 
miles  N.W.  of  Mandavee,  and  near  the  Koree  mouth  of  the 
Indus. 

Ju'da^  a  post-village  of  Green  co.,  Wis.,  in  Jefferson 
township,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Monroe  with 
Janesville,  25  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Janesville. 

Jutl%a,  or  Judea,  ju-dee'a,  the  ancient  country  or 
kingdom  of  Judah,  forming  the  S.  part  of  Palestine,  or  the 
Holy  Land,  having  N.  Samaria,  W.  the  Mediterranean,  S. 
Arabia,  and  E.  the  Dead  Sea  and  the  river  Jordan,  mostly 
comprised  between  lat.  31°  and  32°  N.  and  Ion.  34°  30'  and 
35°  30'  E.  In  it  are  the  towns  of  Jerusalem,  Hebron, 
Bethlehem,  and  Jericho.     See  Palestine. 

Judd,  a  station  in  Webster  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Dubuque 
k  Sioux  City  Railroad,  a  few  miles  E.  of  Fort  Dodge. 

Judd's  Bridge,  a  station  in  Litchfield  co.,  Conn.,  on 
the  Shepaug  Railroad,  17  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Litchfield. 

Judenburg,  yoo'dgn-boouo'  (anc.  Idurumt),  a  town 
of  Styria,  on  the  Mur,  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Gratz.  Pop. 
3189.  It  has  several  churches,  an  old  Jesuit  college  and 
castle,  both  now  used  for  barracks,  and  a  gymnasium.  Near 
it  is  the  castle  of  Liechtenstein.  In  the  Middle  Ages  Juden- 
burg  carried  on  an  important  trade  with  the  Levant. 

Judesville,  judz'vil,  a  post-office  of  Surry  co.,  N.C. 

Judge-aiid-his-Clerk,  two  islets  of  the  Macquarie 
l^roup,  in  the  South  Pacific,  S.W.  of  New  Zealand. 

Judi)  a  mountain  in  Koordistan.     See  Joody. 
■  Judique,    zhiiVleek',  a  post-hamlet  in  Inverness  co., 
Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  8  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Port  Hood.     Pop.  300. 

Ju'dith  Mountains,  a  range  in  the  central  part  of 
Montan.a,  a  few  miles  E.  of  the  Judith  River. 

Judith  River,  Montana,  rises  in  Meagher  co.,  runs 
northward,  and  enters  the  Missouri  River  in  Choteau  co., 
about  45  miles  (direct)  E.  of  Fort  Benton. 

Jud'kins,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1432. 

Judoma,  a  river  of  Siberia.     See  Yoodoma. 

Jud'son,  a  post-office  of  White  co..  Ark. 

Judson,  a  post-village  in  Washington  township,  Parke 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Logansport,  Crawfordsville  &  Southwestern 
Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  llockville,  and  23  miles  S.W.  of 
Crawfordsville.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  a  flour- 
mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  sandstone-quarry.     Pop.  about  200. 

Judson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smith  co.,  Kansas,  in  Beaver 
township,  70  miles  N.  of  Russell.     It  has  2  churches. 

Judson,  a  post-township  of  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn., 
about  10  miles  W.  of  Mankato,  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
Minnesota  River,  and  traversed  by  the  St.  Paul  &,  Sioux 
City  Railroad.     Pop.  650. 

Judson,  a  post-bamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  Mo.,  about  12 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Milan,  the  capital  of  the  county,  and 
8  miles  S.B.  of  Newtown. 

Judso'nia,  a  post-village  of  White  co.,  Ark.,  on  the 
Liltle  Red  River,  and  on  the  Cairo  <fc  Fulton  Railroad,  63 
miles  N.E.  of  Little  Rock.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  lumber  and  ploughs.  Here  is  an  institution 
called  Judson  University  (Baptist).     Pop.  475. 

Jug,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Yoog. 

Jugadree,  or  Jagadhri,  jug'i-dree',  a  town  of  India, 
in  the  Umballah  district.  Lat.  30°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  77°  22'  E. 
Pop.  11,678. 

Jugdeespoor,  Jugdispoor,  or  Jagdispur,  jiig'- 
dees-poor',  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  Shahabad,  25  miles  E.  by 
S.  of  Bux^r.     Pop.  9400. 

Jugdeespoor,  a  town  of  India,  in  Oude,  53  miles  S.E. 
of  liueknow. 

Jugdespoor,  India.     See  JusHPOon. 

Jugduluk,  jugMii-luk'  (?),avillage  of  Afghanistan,  in 
the  defiles  between  Jelalabad  and  Cabool,  was  the  scene  of 
a  massaere  of  the  British  troops  in  1842,  and  of  the  total 
defeat  of  the  Afghans  by  the  British  in  1843. 

Juggernaut,  Juggernath,  ju^'gh§r-nawt',  or  Jag- 
ftnnath  (anc.  Jdijgannatha,  jig-gi-ni't'hi),  called  also 
Pooree,  or  Puri,  pooVee',  a  town  of  India,  in  Orissa, 
capital  of  the  Pooree  district,  on  the  sea-coast,  42  miles  S. 
of  Cuttack.    It  is  the  most  famous  place  of  pilgrimage  in 


India,  and  contains  a  celebrated  temple  and  image  of  Jng- 
gernaut,  one  of  the  incarnations  of  Vishnu.     Pop.  22,695w 

Juggotee,  jug^go-tee',  a  town  of  India,  Gwalior  do- 
minions, 13  miles  S.E.  of  Maheidpoor. 

Jugon,  zhU'g6N"',  a  town  of  Franco,  in  C&tes-du-Nord, 
on  the  Arguenon,  13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Dinan.     Pop.  693. 

Jugor  Strait,  Arctic  Ocean.    See  Pet  Strait. 

Jug  Tav'ern,  a  post-ofiice  of  Walton  co.,  Ga.,  25  m!  ea 
W.  of  Athens. 

Jug  Town,  a  post-oflice  of  Catawba  co.,  N.C. 

Jugutsinhpoor,  or  Jagatsinhpur,  jug-iit-sin'h- 
poor',  also  called  Juggutsingporc,  a  town  of  India,  dis- 
trict and  26  miles  S.E.  of  Cuttack  by  canal.     Pop.  4732. 

Jnhangirabad,  or  Jahangirabad,  jilh-hin'geer- 
H-bid',  a  town  of  India,  Boolundshahur  district,  63  miles 
S.E.  of  Delhi.     Pop.  9408.     ' 

Jui,  or  Juhi,  joo'ee,  a  walled  town  of  Sinde,  15  milea 
N.W.  of  Lake  Munchar.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Juillac,  zhwee*y4k',  a  town  of  France,  in  Corrcze,  18 
miles  N.W.  of  Brives-la-Gaillarde.     Pop.  1025. 

Juillan,  zhwee^y6N<'',  a  village  of  Franco,  in  Ilautcs- 
PyrcnCes,  arrondissement  of  Tarbes.     Pop.  1644. 

Jui- Shir,  a  tributary  of  the  Indus.   See  Cabool  Riveb. 

Jujurieux,  zhii^zhii*re-uh',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ain, 
22  miles  S.W.  of  Nantua.     Pop.  1330. 

Jujuy,  Hoo-Hwee',  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Republic, 
capital  of  the  province  of  Jujuy,  on  a  river  of  the  same 
name,  40  miles  N.  of  Salta.  It  has  a  custom-house  and  a 
good  trade.     Pop.  3072. 

Jujuy,  a  province  in  the  N.W.  of  the  Argentine  Re- 
public, bordering  on  Bolivia.  Area,  35,844  square  miles. 
It  is  a  well-watered  and  fertile  but  little  developed  region, 
with  a  tropical  climate  except  in  the  mountainous  parts. 
Petroleum  is  reported  to  exist  in  abundance.  Cotton,  sugar- 
cane, tobacco,  and  live-stock  are  leading  products.  Capital, 
Jujuy.     Pop.  40,379. 

Ji^uy  River,  or  Rio  Grande  de  Jujuy,  ree'o 
gr&n'd&  di  Hoo-Hwee',  a  river  of  the  Argentine  Republic, 
rises  on  tlic  frontiers  of  Bolivia,  and,  after  a  course  of  about 
300  miles,  first  S.  and  then  E.,  joins  the  Vermejo  in  lat. 
23°  5'  S.,  Ion.  62°  40'  W. 

Julalee,  or  Jalali,  jul-3,'lee,  a  town  of  India,  district 
of  Alighur,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Coel.     Pop.  7516. 

Jul'alpoor',  or  JePalpoor',  a  town  of  the  Punjab, 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Jhylum,  90  miles  N.W.  of  Lahore. 

Julamcrk,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey.   See  Joolamerk. 

Julesburg,  julz'burg,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Weld 
CO.,  Col.,  on  the  South  Fork  of  the  Platte  River,  and  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  139  miles  E.  of  Cheyenne.  It  haa 
2  saloons  and  a  boarding-house.     Elevation,  3500  feet. 

Juleysur,  or  Jullesur,  jdri^-silr',  a  town  of  India, 
district  and  39  miles  E.  of  Mathura.     Pop.  13,351. 

Jul  fa,  jool'fa,  a  village  of  Persia,  in  Irak-Ajemee,  im- 
mediately S.  of  Ispahan. 

JuPgaum',  or  Jalgaon,  jiirg&'gn,  a  town  of  Bcrar, 
India,  in  the  Akola  district.  Lat.  20°  24'  N. ;  Ion.  74°  30'  E. 
It  is  a  great  cotton-market.     Pop.  8763. 

Jnii,  Hoo'lee,  a  town  of  Peru,  46  miles  S.E.  of  Puno,  on 
the  S.W.  shore  of  Lake  Titicaca.     Elevation,  13,100  feet. 

Julia,  a  town  of  Transylvania.     See  Gyalu. 

Juliaca,  Hoo-lee-il'ki,  a  village  and  railway  junction 
of  Peru,  a  few  miles  N.  of  Puno. 

Julia  Josa,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Tarifa. 

Julian,  ju'le-an,  a  post-village  of  San  Diego  co.,  Cal., 
about  44  miles  N.E.  of  San  Diego. 

Julian,  a  post-office  of  Newton  CO.,  Ind. 

Julian  Furnace,  a  post-village  of  Centre  co..  Pa.,  in 
Huston  township,  on  Bald  Eagle  Creek,  and  on  the  Bald 
Eagle  Valley  Railroad,  21  miles  N.E.  of  Tyrone.  It  haa  2 
churches.     Pop.  about  200,  > 

Julianshaab,  yooMe-5,ns-hS,b',  a  maritime  station  in 
Greenland,  on  its  W.  coast,  110  miles  N.W.  of  Cape  Fare- 
well, and  the  principal  place  of  an  extensive  district. 

Julias,  Syria.    See  Bethsaida  op  Qauloxitis. 

Jiilich,  yii'liK  (Fr.  Juliers,  zhiiMe-d'),  a  town  of  Rhen- 
ish Prussia,  at  a  railway  junction,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Aix- 
la-Chapelle,  on  the  Ruhr.  It  has  cotton-mills,  tanneries, 
Jbc.  Pop.  5111.  Jiilich  was  the  capital  of  the  department 
of  Roer  (Ruhr)  under  the  first  French  Empire. 

Julien,  ju'le-?n,  a  township  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  1350,  exclusive  of  the  city  of  Dubuque.  Julien  Station 
on  the  Dubuque  &  Sioux  City  Railroad  is  9  miles  S.W.  of 
Dubuque. 

Julier,  Col  du,  Switzerland.    See  Col  du  Juliek. 

Juliet,  ju-le-et',  a  hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Louisville,  New  Albany  <fc  Chicago  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of 
Bedford.     It  has  a  steam  saw-mill. 


JUL 


1520 


JUN 


Jnlictta,  ja-Ie-et't^a  poxt-hamlot  nf  Marlon  oo.,  Ind., 
la  Warron  township,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  A  In- 
dianapolis Railroad,  11  miles  K.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  u 
flhurcD. 

Juiii  F''ornni«  an  ancient  name  of  Fr£jus. 

Juliolioiiii,  the  ancient  name  of  Lii.lkbonnb. 

Juliudiinuin,  the  Latin  name  of  Loudun. 

Julioiiiiipus,  the  ancient  name  of  Amckrs. 

Juliiistuwii,  jaryfl^-tOwn,  a  post-village  of  Burling- 
ton CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Kinkora  Branch  Railroad,  7  miles 
K.N.IJ.  of  Mount  Jlolly.     It  has  a  church. 

Jul  If  jail,  a  town  of  Belooohistan,  in  Cutoh  Gundava,  20 
uilw  S.  of  Gundava. 

JUIInnd,  Denmark.    See  Jutland. 

Jiillvsurf  India.    See  Julrvmiir. 

Jul'liiidcr,  Jul'indcr,  or  Jalandnr,  jQI'lan-dar,  a 
town  of  India,  capital  of  tlio  Jullindcr  division  and  district, 
S5  miles  by  rail  B.  of  Lahore,  in  the  "  Julliudor  Doab,"  a 
fertile  plain  between  the  Sutlej  and  the  Beas.     Pop.  45,607. 

Jullindcr,  or  Jalandnr,  a  division  or  commissioncr- 
sbip  of  the  Punjab,  British  India,  bounded  S.  by  tiie  Sutlej, 
and  containing  the  Jullindor,  lloshiarpoor,  and  Kangradis- 
tricU.  Area,  12,400  square  miles.  Pop.  2,477,5;ie.  The 
district  of  Jullinder  is  a  fertile  region,  with  a  pleasant  cli- 
mate. Area,  1320  square  miles.  Capital,  Jullinder.  Pop. 
794,764. 

Julpigoree,  or  Jalpaiguri,  jiil-pl-go'ree,  also  called 
Jel^pigo'ry,  a  district  of  Bengal.  Lat.  26°  35'-26°  6'J.5' 
N. ;  Ion.  88°  2'  40"-89°  65'  20"  E.  Area,  2906  square 
miles.  It  contains  the  tract  Icnown  as  the  Western  or  Bengal 
Dwars,  and  is  partly  bounded  N.  by  Bootan.  It  is  for  the 
most  part  level  and  open,  but  on  the  frontier  occurs  a  small 
mountain-tract.     Capital,  Julpigorce.     Pop.  418,665. 

Julpigorce,  or  Jalpigori,  the  capital  and  only  town 
of  the  above  district,  on  the  Tecsta,  and  on  the  State  Kail- 
way,  40  miles  S.E.  of  Darjeoling.  It  has  cantonments,  and 
is  the  seat  of  a  large  trade.     Pop.  4500. 

Jiilraiz,  jul-riz'  (?),  a  town  of  Afghanistan,  on  the  Ca- 
bool  River,  with  numerous  forts,  85  miles  E.  of  Cabool. 

Juira  Patun,  a  town  of  India.     See  Patuk. 

Junialpoor,  or  Jamalpur,  jiim-&l-poor',  a  town  of 
Bengal,  district  and  5  miles  S.  of  Monghir,  at  the  junction 
of  the  Monghir  Branch  Railway  with  the  East  India  Rail- 
way. Here  are  shops  and  iron-mills  of  the  railway,  covering 
30  acres.  It  has  a  large  European  and  native  Christian 
population,  and  is  a  place  of  recent  growth.     Pop.  10,453. 

Jumalpour,  or  Jamalpur,  a  town  of  Bengal,  the 
largest  town  of  the  Myraunsingh  district,  on  the  Brahma- 
pootra, 32  miles  N.W.  of  Mymunsingh.  It  consists  of  a 
group  of  adjacent  villages.     Pop.  14,312. 

Jum^bosecr',  written  also  Jambusar,  Jambsar, 
and  Dschambusar,  a  town  of  India,  district  and  22 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Baroach.     Pop.  14,924. 

Jumeaux,  zhii'mo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Puy-de- 
Dame,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Issoire.     Pop.  1319. 

Jumelles,  zhii^mill',  a  village  of  France,  in  Maine-et- 
Loiro,  8  miles  S.  of  Baug6.     Pop.  1618. 

Juniet,  or  Jumetz,  zhii^met',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in 
Ilainaut,  3  miles  N.  of  Charleroi.  It  has  glass-works,  dis- 
tilleries, and  extensive  coal-mines.     Pop.  15,262. 

Jumieges,  zhil^me-dzh',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine- 
Infcricure,  on  the  Seine,  16  miles  W.  of  Rouen.  Pop.  I61S. 
It  has  remains  of  a  Benedictine  abbey. 

Jiimilla,  or  Xumilla,  Hoo-moery&,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  37  miles  N.N.W.  of  Murcia.  Pop.  9613.  It 
IS  pretty  well  built,  and  has  a  public  granary,  and  manufac- 
tures of  fire-arms,  tiles,  earthenware,  and  refined  salt. 

Jumillac,  zhii'uiee'yik',  or  Jumilhac-le-Grand, 
ihii'mee'yik'-l^h-grixo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Dordogne,  on 
the  lefl  bank  of  the  Isle  River,  33  miles  E.N.E.  of  P6ri- 
gueux.     Pop.  550. 

Juin^moo^,  Jamoo,  or  Jamu,  jum-oo',  written  also 
Dschamu,  a  native  state  of  India,  in  the  Gholab  Singh 
dominions,  of  which  it  forms  a  nucleus  (see  Cashmere)  and 
to  which  it  sometimes  gives  its  name.  It  is  traversed  by 
the  Himalayas,  and  has  on  the  N.  Cashmere  proper,  and  on 
the  S.  Chamba  and  the  Sutlej  hill-states.  Capital,  Jummoo. 
Pop.  861,075. 

Juminoo,  or  Jamu,  a  fortified  town,  capital  of  the 
Jummoo  state,  75  miles  N.  of  Amritsir.  It  is  in  the 
Bouthern  range  of  the  Himalayas,  on  an  afSuent  of  the  Che- 
naub.     It  has  a  palace,  harem,  and  park.     Pop.  41,817. 

Jummoo  and  Cashmere.    See  Cashmere. 

Jummoo>Kandy,  a  town  of  Bengal.    See  Kandt. 

Jumna,or  Jamna,  jum'ni  (anc.  Yam uita, or  Jamuna, 
;^moo'ni;  the  Jom'ane$  of  Pliny),  a  river  of  India,  rises 
amoug  the  loftiest  peaks  of  the  Himalayas,  about  an  eleva- 


tion of  11,000  feet,  flows  mostly  S.,  and  afterwards  S.E., 
and  joins  the  Ganges  at  Allahabad,  after  having  enclosed 
with  that  river  the  territory  called  the  Uoab.  Total  course 
estimated  at  680  miles.  It  is  generally  shallow,  but  its 
lower  part  has  been  rendered  fit  for  navigation.  Its  nlHn, 
ents  are  the  Tons,  Chumbul,  Sind,  Uetwah,  Ciine,  and  Itinilo, 
On  it  are  the  cities  of  Delhi  and  Agra.  It  feeds  two  great 
systems  of  irrigation-canals. 

Jiimnootri,  or  Jumnoutri,  jQm-noo'troe,  written 
also  Juninotri,  a  peak  of  the  Himalayas,  in  India.  LaU 
about  30°  N. ;  Ion.  78°  20'  E.     Height,  25,600  feet. 

Jumnootri,  or  Jumnoutri,  jum-noo'tree  (Hind. 
YaniHuuvatan',  yjl-moo-n&-v&-t&'ree),  a  famous  place  of 
Hindoo  pilgrimage  in  North  India,  near  the  source  of  the 
Jumna,  lat.  30°  62'  N.,  Ion.  78°  20'  E.,  and  10,849  foct 
above  the  sea. 

Jumoo,  a  town  of  the  Punjab.    See  Jummoo. 

Jumooee,  Jumoee,  or  Jamni,  j&m-oc  ce,  a  town 
of  Bengal,  district  and  32  miles  S.S.W.  of  Monghir,  near 
Jumooco  Railway  Station.  It  has  good  public  buildings  and 
a  large  triule.     Pop.  5197. 

Jump'ing  Branch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Summers  co., 
W.  Va.,  0  miles  S.W.  of  Hinton  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Jump  River,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  the  E.  part  of  Chip, 
pewa  CO.,  runs  southwestward,  and  enters  the  Chippewa 
River  about  27  miles  N.N.E.  of  Chippewa  Falls.  It  ia, 
nearly  100  miles  long. 

Jumud,  joo-mud',  a  town  of  Toorkistan,  70  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Khiva. 

Juuaghur,  or  Junagarh.    See  JooK.VGHun. 

Junaluska,  Jackson  co.,  S.C.     See  Janaluska. 

Junction,  Alabama.    See  Whiti.vo. 

Junction,  a  sUition  in  Marin  oo.,  Cat.,  on  the  North 
Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  San  Rafael 
Branch,  17  miles  N.W.  of  San  Francisco. 

Junction,  California.    See  Roseville. 

Junction,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lemhi  co.,  Idaho,  about  60 
miles  S.E.  of  Salmon  City. 

Junction,  or  Main  Line  Junction,  in  Marion  oo., 
III.,  is  a  station  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  1  mile  N. 
of  Central  City,  5  miles  S.  of  Odin,  and  4  miles  S.W.  of 
Sandoval,  at  the  junction  of  the  Chicago  division  with  the 
main  line. 

Junction,  a  post-ofiico  of  Pulaski  co..  III.,  at  Mounds, 
on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Cairo.  A 
short  railroad  extends  from  this  place  to  Mound  City. 

Junction,  Illinois.    See  Turxku. 

Junction,  a  station  in  Black  Hawk  co.,  Iowa,  4  rotlcs 
W.  of  Waterloo,  at  the  junction  of  the  Cedar  Falls  &  Min- 
nesota Railroad  with  the  Dubuque  <fe  Sioux  City  Railroad. 

Junction,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.,  ex» 
elusive  of  Grand  Junction  (a  village),  469. 

Junction,  Atchison  co.,  Kansas.    See  Parnell. 

Junction,  a  township  of  Osage  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  1099, 
Post-office,  Farmersville. 

Junction,  a  post-village  of  Carlton  co.,  Minn.,  near 
the  right  bank  of  the  St.  Louis  River,  on  the  Northern 
Pacific  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Lake  Superior  <t 
Mississippi  Railroad,  24  miles  W.S.W.  of  Duluth.  It  has  a 
church,  and  extensive  manufactures  of  pine  lumber.  It  is 
1  mile  from  the  Dalles  of  the  St.  Louis  River,  which  here 
falls  430  feet  in  a  course  of  7  miles.     Pop.  about  200. 

Junction,  Platte  co..  Mo.    See  Atchison  Junctiox. 

Junction,  or  Junction  City,  a  village  and  mining- 
camp  of  Madison  co.,  Montana,  on  Alder  Creek,  about  42 
miles  S.W.  of  Virginia  City.  It  has  rich  placer-  and  quartz- 
mines,  3  stores,  and  a  quartz-mill. 

Junction,  a  post-office  of  Nye  co.,  Nevada. 

Junction,  a  post-village  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Bethlehem  township,  on  the  Central  Railroad,  at  its  junc- 
tion with  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad, 

5  miles  S.  of  Washington,  and  17  miles  E.  of  Easton,  Pa. 
It  has  4  churches,  and  repair-shops  of  the  railroad.  Pop. 
about  1100. 

Junction,  a  hamlet  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Troy 
<t  Boston  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Troy. 
Junction,  a  station  in  Warren  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  Raleigh 

6  Gaston  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  former  branch  to 
Clarksville,  Va.,  43  miles  W.  of  Weldon. 

Junction,  a  post-village  of  Paulding  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Auglaize  River,  and  on  the  Wabash  &  Erie  Canal,  at  its 
junction  with  the  Miami  Canal,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Defiance. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  saw-milla.     Pop.  300. 

Junction,  a  post-haralet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa,,  on  the 
Reading  <fc  Columbia  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Lan- 
caster Branch,  33  miles  W.S.W.  of  Reading. 

Junction,  a  station  in  Calhoun  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Gul^ 


JUN 


1521 


JUN 


Western  Texas  <t  Pacific  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Port  Lavaca  Branch,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Indianola. 

Junction,  or  Hanover  Junction,  a  post-office  and 
station  of  Hanover  co.,  Va.,  on  tlie  North  Anna  River,  and 
on  the  Richmond,  Frciicriclisburg  &  Potomac  Railroad,  at 
its  junction  with  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  2-t  miles 
N.  of  Richmond.    It  has  a  church. 

Junction,  or  Junction  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Por- 
tage CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  the  Wisconsin  Valley  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of  Grand 
Ra]iids,  and  10  miles  N.W.  of  Stevens  Point.  It  has  2 
stores,  2  hotels,  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  about  100. 

Junction  City,  a  post-villa<?e  of  Trinity  co.,  Cal.,  on 
Trinity  River,  about  36  miles  N.W.  of  Shasta.  Gold  is 
found  near  this  place.     Pop.  440  ;  of  the  township,  570. 

Junction  City,  the  capital  of  Geary  co.,  Kansas,  is 
finely  situated  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Kansas  or  Smoky 
Hill  River,  about  1  mile  from  the  Republican  River.  By 
railroad  it  is  71  miles  W.  of  Topeka,  61  miles  N.W.  of 
Emporia,  and  47  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Salina.  It  is  on  the 
Missouri,  Kansas  <fc  Texas  and  Union  Piicific  Railroads, 
several  branches  of  which  converge  at  Junction  Ciiy.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  a  United  States  land-office,  10 
churches,  'A  hanks,  a  savings-'bank,  5  newspaper  offices,  fine 
city  schools  with  over  1200  pupils,  and  the  Junction  Star 
flour-mills.     Pop.  in  1880,  2684;  in  1890,  4502. 

Junction  City,  Montana.     See  Junctiox. 

Junction  City,  a  post-village  in  Jackson  township, 
Perry  co.,  0.,  on  the  Straitsville  division  of  the  Baltimore 
<k  Ohio  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Cincinnati  <fe  Mus- 
kingum Valley  Railroad,  34  miles  S.W.  of  Zanesville.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  foundry,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  planing-mill. 
Coal  abounds  here. 

Junction  City,  a  post-village  of  Lane  co.,  Oregon,  on 
or  near  the  Willamette  River,  and  on  the  Oregon  &  Cali- 
fornia Railroad,  15  miles  N.  of  Eugene  City.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  about  400. 

Junction  City,  formerly  Den'man,  a  post-village, 
capital  of  Kimble  co.,  Te.\.,  is  at  the  junction  of  two  forks 
of  the  Llano  River,  135  miles  N.W.  of  San  Antonio. 

Junction  Palace,  a  post-office  of  Kanawha  co.,W.Va. 

Jundiahi,  zhoon-de-i'ee,  a  town  of  Brazil,  23  miles 
N.W.  of  Sao  Paulo,  on  the  Jundiahi.     Pop.  5000. 

Juneau,  joo^no',  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Wis- 
consin. Area,  about  800  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Wisconsin  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the 
Lemonweir,  Yellow,  and  Bnraboo  Rivers.  The  surface  is 
undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  pine, 
sugar-maple,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Lumber, 
wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  hops,  and  butter  are  the  stajile 
products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee <fc  St.  Paul,  Chicago  &  Northwestern,  and  Chicago, 
St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  <fe  Omaha  Railroads.  Capital,  Maus- 
ton.     Pop.  in  1870, 12,372;  in  18S0, 15,582  ;  in  1800, 17,121. 

Juneau,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dodge  co.,  Wis.,  in 
Oak  Grove  township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Rail- 
road, 15  miles  N.  of  Watertown,  and  32  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Fond  du  Lac.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  public 
hall,  a  newspaper  office,  a  court-house,  <fco.    P.  (1800)  701. 

June  Hug,  a  station  in  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Mt.  Pleasant  Branch  Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of  Mt.  Pleasant, 
and  near  the  junction  of  the  Green  Lick  Railroad. 

Juneda,  or  Xuneda,  noo-ni'Di,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  16  miles  S.E.  of  Lerida.     Pop.  1744. 

Juncr,  a  town  of  India.    See  JooNEEn. 

Junesville,  jrinz'vil,  a  hamlet  of  Clarendon  co.,  S.C., 
25  miles  from  Gourdin's  Station. 

Jung,  or  Jhang,  jiing,  a  district  of  the  Punjab,  with 
a  town  of  the  same  name,  division  and  90  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Mooltan.  Area,  5702  square  miles.  Chief  town,  Maghiana. 
Pop.  348,027. 

Jung-Breslau,  the  German  name  of  Inowhazlaw. 

Jung-Uuntziau,  yoong-boonts'low  {i.e.,  "Young 
Buntzlau"),  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  the  Iser,  and  on  a  rail- 
way, 32  miles  N.E.  of  Prague.  Pop.  8695.  It  has  a  gym- 
nasium, an  old  castle  now  used  for  barracks,  and  manufac- 
tures of  cotton  and  woollen  fabrics  and  leather.    See  Alt- 

ElINTZLAU. 

Jungeypoor,  or  Jangipur,  jung^gh§-poor',  written 
also  Jungipore,  a  town  of  Bengal,  district  and  17  miles 
N.W.  of  Moorshedabad,  on  the  Bhagirathi,  near  its  origin 
in  the  Ganges.  It  is  the  seat  of  trade  in  rice  and  silk,  and 
the  most  important  toll-station  on  the  river.     Pop.  11,361. 

Jungfrau,  y55ng'fr5w  (the  "  Maiden"  or  the  "  Virgin 
Mountain"),  a  mounUin  of  the  Swiss  Alps,  on  the  bound- 
ftry-line  between  the  cantons  of  Bern  and  Valais,  7  miles 
W.  of  the  Finster-Aarhorn.    Height,  13,671  feet.    It  is 


surrounded  on  all  sides  by  precipices,  and  capped  with  per- 
petual snow;  but  its  summit  was  attained  in  1811  by  th* 
brothers  Meyer  of  Aarau,  and  by  many  since. 

Jung'Wozicz,  yoong-wot'sitch  (?),  a  town  of  Bohe- 
mia, 12  miles  from  Tabor.     Pop.  2056. 

Juniata,  ju*ne-at'a,  a  beautiful  river  of  Penn.sylvania, 
is  formed  by  the  Frankstown  Branch  and  the  Little  Ju- 
niata, which  unite  at  Petersburg,  about  6  miles  N.W.  of 
Huntingdon.  It  runs  southeastward  through  Huntingdon 
CO.,  and  northeastward  through  Mifflin  co.  Below  Mifllin- 
town  it  flows  southeastward,  intersects  Perry  eo.,  and  enter* 
the  Susquehanna  River  1  mile  above  Petersburg.  The 
main  stream  is  about  140  miles  long.  Some  of  the  most 
grand  and  picturesque  scenery  of  the  state  occurs  on  the 
banks  of  this  river,  which  crosses  or  breaks  through  several 
mountain-ridges  and  irrigates  several  fertile  valleys.  The 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  follows  the  windings  of  this  river 
from  its  origin  to  its  mouth.  The  Little  Juniata  is  a  mere 
creek,  which  runs  southeastward,  and  is  25  or  30  miles 
long.    See  Frankstown  Branch  and  Ravstown  BbaN(;ii. 

Juniata,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, has  an  area  of  about  410  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Juniata  River,  and  also  drained  by  Tuscarora 
Creek.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  picturesque  moun- 
tain-scenery, and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests. 
The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
oats,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products.  Silurian  limestone, 
slate,  and  sandstone  are  found.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad.  Capital,  MilBintown.  Pop. 
in  1870,  17,300;  in  1880,  18,227;  in  1890,  1(1,655. 

Juniata,  a  post-office  of  Pueblo  co..  Col.,  on  the  Huer- 
fano River,  about  24  miles  S.E.  of  Pueblo. 

Juniata,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Juniata  township,  25  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Saginaw.  Pop, 
of  township,  1 157. 

Juniata,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co.,  Neb.,  on  the 
Burlington  &  Missouri  River  and  St.  Joseph  &  Denver 
City  Railroads,  103  miles  W.  of  Lincoln,  and  24  miles  E.  of 
Fort  Kearney.  It  is  1936  feet  .nbove  the  level  of  the  sea. 
It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  church,  a  bank,  a  high  school, 
and  a  flouring-miil.     Pop.  in  1880,  494;  in  1890,  528. 

Juniata,  a  township  of  Bedford  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1437. 
It  contains  New  Buena  Vista. 

Juniata,  a  township  of  Blair  co..  Pa.,  bounded  W.  by 
the  main  ridge  of  the  Alleghanies.     Pop.  621. 

Juniata,  a  township  of  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.  Here  the 
R.aystown  Branch  joins  the  main  stream  of  the  Juniata 
River.     Pop.  393. 

Juniata,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co..  Pa.,  in  Juniata 
township,  at  a  hamlet  named  Milford,  about  28  miles  N.W. 
of  Ilarrisburg.     Pop.  of  the  township,  983. 

Juniata  Bridge,  a  station  in  Perry  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of  Duncannon. 

Junin,  or  Xunin,  Hoo'neen',  a  department  in  the  cen- 
tral part  of  Peru,  traversed  by  the  Andes,  and  extending 
far  E.  into  the  forest  region.  It  has  great  mineral  wealth. 
CapitiU,  Cerro  de  Pasco.     Pop.  209,871. 

Junin,  or  Xunin,  noo-neen',  or  Reyes,  ri'yjs,  a  town 
of  Peru,  department  of  Junin,  108  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lima," 
on  the  E.  side  of  Lake  Reyes.     Near  it  is  the  Pamjia  of 
Junin,  where,  on  August  24, 1824,  the  Spanish  were  beaten 
by  Bolivar. 

Junior  (jun'yor)  Land'ing,  Scioto  co.,  0.,  is  a  ship- 
ping-point on  the  Ohio  River,  17  miles  above  Portsmouth. 

Ju'niper,  a  station  in  Talbot  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  South- 
western Railroad,  26  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Columbus. 

Ju'niper  Creek,  of  Chesterfield  co.,  S.C.,  flows  into 
Thompson's  Creek  a  few  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Junius,  jun'yils,  a  post-township  of  Seneca  co.,  N.Y., 
about  5  miles  N.  of  Waterloo.  It  has  an  undulating  sur- 
fiice  and  a  rich  soil.  Pop.  1313.  It  contains  a  hamlet 
named  Dublin. 

Juniville,  zhii'nee\-ecl',  a  vill.age  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Ardennes,  33  miles  S.S.E.  of  M^zieres.     Pop.  1405. 

Junk-Ceylon,  Junkseylon,  junk-see'l9n  or  junkV 
se-lon',  or  Salang,  si-ling',  an  island  in  the  Indiap 
Ocean,  belonging  to  Siam,  off  the  N.W.  extremity  of  the 
Malay  Peninsula.  Lat.  7°  46'  N. ;  Ion.  98°  18'  E.  Length, 
20  miles;  average  breadth,  10  miles.  The  surface  is  level 
and  wooded.  It  contains  tin-mines,  the  produce  of  which, 
with  edible  birds'-nests,  ivory,  and  sapan-wood,  is  exported. 

Ju'no,  a  post-office  of  Dawson  co.,  Ga.,  7  miles  N.  of 
Dawsonville. 

Juno,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henderson  co.,  Tenn.,  20  mile* 
E.  of  Jackson. 

Junonis  Promontorium.     See  Cape  Trafalgar. 

Junquera,  or  La  Juuquera  (or  Xunqucra),  1& 


Jijl 


1522 


JYT 


■ooo-ki'ri,  » town  of  Spain,  province  and  28  miles  K.N.B. 
of  Goronft,  in  a  gorge  of  the  I'yronoes.     Pop,  1435. 

Jupunuwa-Sopka*  yoo-pA-no'v&-8op'k&  (?),  a  vol- 
eanio  mountain  of  Kauoliatko,  in  int.  b'i"  66'  N.,  Ion.  16C° 
SO'  E. 

Jupille*  xhil'poel'  (ano.  Jobii  Villa),  a  village  of  Bel- 
gium, 3  milos  E.  of  Liege,  on  the  Meuso.     Pop.  2UU0. 

Jura,  joo'r^( called  also  Ltherbtnj,  l4'bfr-bdRo\  in  Oer- 
man;  Fr.  pron.  thiiVl';  It.  Giura,  ioo'tL;  ano.  Jn'ra),  a 
chain  of  mountains  whioh  Hcparato  Franco  from  Switzer- 
land, extending  in  Franoe  from  the  department  of  Ain  to 
Alaaoe,  and  in  Switzerland  along  the  cantons  of  Vaud, 
Neufohiltel,  and  Bern.  It  is  oomposod  of  a  series  of  parallel 
ranges,  extending  fur  180  miles  in  the  form  of  a  curve, 
from  S.  to  N.E.,  with  a  moan  breadth  of  3U  miles;  those 
are  separated  by  long  valleys,  which  are  traversed  by 
itronms  flowing  N.  and  S.  The  culminating  points,  situ- 
ated mostly  in  the  S.  part  of  the  chain,  are  Mount  Moles- 
eon,  6588  feet;  Rooulet-de-Toiry,  5(543  feet;  Mont  Tendro, 
6638  feet;  Ddle,  65U9  feet;  Chasseron,  5280  feet;  and 
Ch.osseral,  6280  feet.  The  chief  geological  feature  is  a 
mesozoio  formation  called  Jura  limestone.  Here  are  found 
also  orotacoous  gypsums,  alabaster,  beds  of  asphalt  and 
oolites,  coral,  marblo,  abundance  of  iron,  and  mineral 
springs.  There  are  numerous  cascades  and  stalactite  grot- 
tos in  the  mountains,  and  their  summits  are  covered  with 
fine  forests.  Wolves  and  the  brown  bear  are  occasionally 
met  with.  The  vino  is  cultivated  in  the  valleys;  cattle  are 
extensively  reared;  and  cheese  called  Gruydre  is  manu- 
factured. 

Jura,  yoo'ri,  a  river  of  Russia,  in  Wilna,  joins  the 
Nieraen  above  Tilsit.     Length,  about  75  miles. 

Ju'ra  (ano.  Diurat),  an  island,  one  of  the  Inner  Heb- 
rides, in  Scotland,  co.  of  Argyle,  immediately  N.E.  of 
Islay.  Length,  24  miles.  Area,  8t  square  miles,  mostly 
inarable.  Near  its  S.  extremity  are  3  lofty  peaks,  termed 
the  "  Paps  of  Jura."  On  the  E.  is  the  harbor  of  Small 
Islands ;  on  the  W.  is  the  deep  inlet  Loch  Tarbet.  Prin- 
cipal village.  Jura,  on  the  E.  coast.     Pop.  761. 

Jura,  joo'ra  (Fr.  pron.  zhii'ri'),  a  department  of  Franco, 
part  of  the  old  province  of  Franche-Comt6,  is  bounded  E. 
and  S.  by  Switzerland.  Area,  18^4  square  miles.  Pop.  in 
1876,  288,823.  It  is  situated  almost  entirely  in  the  basin 
of  the  Rhone.  The  surface  is  mostly  covered  with  ramifica- 
tions of  the  Jura  Mountains.  Principal  rivers,  the  Oignon, 
Doubs,  Seissc,  and  Ain.  The  soil  is  rich  and  fertile  in  the 
valleys.  Sufficient  grain  (chiefly  maize)  is  raised  for  home 
consumption ;  potatoes  are  an  important  crop ;  and  butter 
and  cheese  are  mivde  in  largo  quantities.  The  annual  yield 
of  wine  is  commonly  upwards  of  400,000  hectolitres,  some 
of  very  good  quality.  The  chief  mineral  products  are  iron, 
marble,  and  gypsum.  The  department  is  divided  into  the 
arrondissements  of  Lons-le-Saulnier,  Ddle,  Poligny,  and 
Saint-Claude. 

Juran^on,  zhUV&N»'s6No',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Basses-Pyrenees,  11  miles  W.  of  Pau.     Pop.  1661. 

Jurbise,  zhiiiObeez',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Ilainaut, 
at  a  railway  junction,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Brussels. 

Jurburg,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  yooRnoono. 

Ju^rett',  a  post-office  of  Wilson  co.,  Kansas. 

Jurievetz-Povolskoi,or  Jurjevetz-Powolskoi. 

See  YOOUIEVKTS-POVOLSKOI. 

Jurjev-Poiskij,  or  Juriev-Polskoi.  SeeTooKiEv- 

PoLSKOr. 

Jurjura,  jur'joo-ri  (ano.  Ferra'lus  Mons),  a  mountain- 
chain  of  Algeria,  forming  a  division  of  the  Little  Atlas,  50 
miles  S.E.  of  Algiers. 

Jurruk,  jurVuk',  a  town  of  Sinde,  on  a  branch  of  the 
Indus.  24  miles  S.S.W.  of  Hyderabad.     Pop.  1500. 

Jurten,  mountains  of  Switzerland.    See  Joiiat. 

Jurua,  Juruha,  noo-roo'i  (Port.  pron.  zhoo-roo'4),  or 
Hyuruha,  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the  mountains  of 
Peru,  flows  N.N.E.,  and  joins  the  Amazon  on  the  S.,  between 
the  confluence  of  the  Teffe  and  the  Jutay. 

Juruena,  zboo-roo-^'n&,  a  large  river  of  Brazil,  state 
of  Matto-Grosso,  rises  50  miles  N.E.  of  Matto-Grosso  city, 
and  flows  N.  to  the  Tapajos. 

Jnrumenha,  zhoo-roo-m5n'y4,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
Alemtejo,  on  a  steep  height,  on  the  Guadiana,  31  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Evora.     Pop.  530. 

Jurayo,  a  volcano  of  Mexico.    See  Jobullo. 

Jurzen,  yoon-zfin'  (?),  a  river  of  Russia,  joins  the  Oofa 
after  a  N.W.  course  of  about  140  miles. 


Jushpoor,  or  Jaahpur,  jOsh-poor',  a  native  sute  of 
India,  in  Cbuta-Nagpoor.  Lat.  22°  17'  6"-23°  15'  30"  N  j 
Ion.  83°  32'  60"-84°  26'  15"  K.  Area,  1947  square  miles. 
It  affonls  iron,  gold,  timber,  silk,  lac,  and  beeswax.  Capi- 
tal,  Jushpoor.     Pop.  60,026. 

JuMhpoor,  Jashpiir,  Jugdcspuor,  Jagdcspoor, 
jiigM^s-poor',  or  Jaslipurnagar,  jush'poor-nug'ur,  a 
village  of  India,  capiUil  of  the  above  state,  75  miles  N.  by  K. 
of  Sumbhulpoor.     Pop.  about  1500. 

JuHrouta,  a  town  of  the  Punjab.     See  Je.srod. 

Jussac,  zhils'sAk',  a  village  of  France,  in  Cantal,  3 
miles  S.  of  Aurillac.     Pop.  1530. 

Jussey,  zhiis'sd',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ilante-SaOne,  22 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Vesoul.     Pop.  2787. 

Justedal,  yoos't?h-dir,  a  village  of  Norway,  provinto 
of  North  Bergen,  about  60  miles  N.E.  of  Bergen.  It  is  on 
the  E.  side  of  the  largest  glacier  in  Europe,  called  Jugrg. 
dais-Brae,  a  mass  of  ice  40  miles  long  and  8  miles  wide. 

Jus'tice,  a  post-office  of  I)i.\on  co.,  Neb. 

Justiiiiaua  Sccunda,  Bulgaria.     See  Giihistrndil. 

Ju8'tu.s,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stark  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cleve- 
land, Tuscarawas  Valley  &  Wheeling  Rjiilroad,  8  miles  8, 
by  W.  of  Massillon.     It  has  2  churches. 

JusAvuntnnggur,  or  Jaswantnagur,  jns-wunt- 
niig'ur,  a  town  of  India,  Etawah  district.     Pop.  6310. 

Jutay,  or  Xutay,  noo-tl'  (Port.  ])ron.  zhoo-ti'),  writ- 
ten also  Jutalii,or  Ilyutahy,  a  river  of  South  America, 
has  its  sources  in  the  N.E.  of  Peru,  about  hit.  11°  40'  S., 
Ion.  68°  15'  W.,  and  falls  into  the  Amazon  at  lat.  2°  40'  S., 
Ion.  66°  40'  W.,  after  a  course  of  nearly  700  miles. 

Jiiterbogk,  yii't^r-bok',  a  walled  town  of  Prussia, 
province  of  Brandenburg,  27  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Potsdam. 
Pop.  0770,  who  manufacture  shoes,  linens,  and  cloth. 

Juthia,  a  town  of  Siam.    See  AriirniA. 

Jutland,  jut'l^nd  (Dan.  Jyllaml,  yUl'lind;  Ger.  Jut. 
iaiirf,  yiit'lint;  h.  Julian' dia;  anc.  Cheraone'aus  Cim'ljriva), 
a  low,  flat  peninsula  of  Denmark,  comprised  between  the 
North  Sea,  the  Skager-Rack,  the  Cattegat,  the  Little  lielt, 
and  the  Baltic.  Lat.  62°  46'-57°  43'  N.;  Ion.  8°  5'-IO<> 
57'  E.  On  the  S.  it  is  attached  to  Germany;  on  the  N.E. 
it  terminates  in  Cape  Skagen,  or  The  Skaw.  Its  coasts 
are  indented  by  numerous  gulfs,  the  chief  of  which  is  the 
Lym-Fiord,  which  crosses  it,  insulating  the  N.  part.  Jutland 
has  numerous  lakes.  The  peninsula  is  divided  into  North 
Jutland,  or  Jutland  proper,  and  South  Jutland,  or  Sleswick, 
the  latter  now  in  Germany.  Jutland  proper  is  the  only 
continental  portion  of  Denmark.  Area,  9738  square  miles. 
Pop.  942, .361.  The  E.  coast  has  numerous  fine  harbors;  on 
the  W.  the  sea  is  shallow.  The  surface  is  quite  level,  except 
on  the  E.,  where  it  is  traversed  by  a  rangeof  low  hills;  highest 
point,  the  llimmelbjerg,  551)  feet.  The  principal  river  is 
the  Guden,  which  is  navigable  for  60  miles.  The  name  of 
Jutland  is  derived  from  the  Jutes,  a  nation  who  anciently 

inhabited  this  country. Adj.  Jutla.ndish,  jut'land-ish; 

inhab.  Jutla.vder,  jut'land-§r. 

Jutroszyn,  or  Jutroschin,  yo3t-ro-sheen',  a  town 
of  Prussia,  64  miles  S.S.E.  of  Poscn.     Pop.  1977 

Juttah,  the  Scriptural  name  of  Yutta. 

JutUeel'  Mountains,  a  mountain-range  in  Sinde, 
stretching  about  70  miles,  from  lat.  25°  26'  to  26°  20'  N., 
and  from  Ion.  07°  45'  to  67°  55'  E. 

Juvavuni,  or  Juvavia,  Austria.    See  Salzburo. 

Juvigny-  sous  -  Andaine,  zhiiVeen'yee'-sooz-6iV»^- 
din',  a  town  of  Franoe,  in  Orne,  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Domfront. 
Pop.  1595. 

Jyepoor,  a  town  and  state  of  India.     Sec  .Teypoqr. 

Jyhoon,  ji-hoou',  or  Jaihan,  ji-hin'  (ano.  Pyr'umui), 
a  river  of  Asia  Minor,  rises  in  Mount  Taurus,  and,  after  a 
S.  course  of  100  miles,  enters  the  Gulf  of  Iskanderoon  en  iU 
W.  side.     Ain-Zarbc  is  the  chief  town  on  its  banks. 

Jyliun,  a  river  of  Central  Asia.     See  Amoo-Darya. 

Jylland,  a  peninsula  of  Denmark.     See  Jutland. 

Jylum,  one  of  the  rivers  of  the  Punjab.     See  Jhvmim. 

Jyntiah  (or  Jynteah)  Hills.  See  Cossyah  and  Jv.y- 
TEAH  Hills. 

Jyntiahpoor,  jin-te-4-poor',  Jynteahpore,  jin-tc 
i-por',  or  Jayantiyapur,  a  town  of  India,  district  and 
16  miles  N.E.  of  Sylhet.  It  is  built  of  mats  and  mud,  and 
has  several  mosques,  many  of  its  population  being  Moham- 
medans. 

Jynugger,  India.     See  Joy.vuggeb. 

Jypoor,  a  town  and  state  of  India.    See  Jetpoor. 

Jytomir,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Zhitomekb. 


KAA 


1523 


KAF 


K. 


Knadcn,  kiVdgn,  or  Kadanic,  ki-dln'yi',  a  town 
of  Bulicmia,  13  miles  N.AV.  of  Saatz,  on  the  Eger.  Pop. 
6052.     It  has  a  curious  church  and  a  coal-mino. 

KaaHurd,  ko'fe-oRd\  a  village  of  Norway,  in  Finmark, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Alten  River,  and  on  the  Gulf  of  Alten, 
near  lat.  70°  N.     It  has  a  copper-mine. 

Kaagoe,  ko'go^§h,  an  island  of  Norway,  belonging  to 
Finmark,  in  the  Arctic  Ocean.  Lat.  70°  N.  Length,  11 
miles  ;  breadth,  7  miles. 

Kaal,  kll,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Ileves,  on  the 
Tarna,  12  miles  from  Erlau.     Pop.  2686. 

Kaarta,  kir'td,  a  kingdom  of  West  Africa,  in  the  N.E. 
of  Sonc.^^ambia.  It  is  mountainous,  and  is  said  to  be  populous 
and  well  cultivated. 

Kaater's  Kil.    See  Cautekskill  Creek. 

Kaatsberg,  New  York.    See  Catskill  Mountains. 

Kaba,  or  Nagy-Kaba,  nodj-koh'bOh*,  a  village  of 
Hungary,  6  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Szoboszlo.     Pop.  5771. 

Kabah,  ki'bi^,  a  ruined  city  of  Yucatan,  20  miles  S.E. 
of  Uxmal. 

Kaban-Maadcn,  Turkey.    See  Keban-Maden. 

Knbardah,  ki-bau'd4,  a  district  of  Kussia  in  Europe, 
government  of  Torek,  Ciscaucasia. 

Kabcnda,  or  Kabinda,  Africa.    See  Cabenda. 

Kabes,  a  town  of  Tunis.     See  Cabes. 

Ka'bletown,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  W.  Va. 

Kabok,  ki^bok',  a  Mandiiigo  state  of  Senogambia,  be- 
tween the  Geba  and  the  upper  course  of  the  Gambia.  Its 
interior  is  almost  unknown. 

Kaboo,  Kabou,  or  Kabu,  kd,'boo',  a  country  of 
Africa,  in  Upper  Guinea,  between  the  Gambia  and  Cacheo 
Rivers. 

Kabool,  or  Kaboul,  Afghanistan.    See  Cabool. 

Kabooloosoo,Kaboulousou,orKaboeloesoe, 
k4-boo'loo-soo',  an  uninhabited  island  of  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago, on  the  N.E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Sangir. 

Kabra,  or  Cabra,  ki'bri,  a  town  of  Africa,  10  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Timbuctoo,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Niger. 

Kabrera,  or  Cabrera,  kS,-br4'r3,,  one  of  the  Ionian 
Islands,  in  Greece,  oif  the  S.  extremity  of  the  Morea,  7 
miles  W.  of  Capo  Gallo.     Lat.  36°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  21°  47'  E. 

Kabr  Ibraheem  (or  Ibrahim).    See  Hkbron. 

Kabrooaiig,  Kabrouang,  or  Kabriiang,  ki- 
broo-ing',  an  island  between  the  Philippines  and  Gilolo,  20 
miles  in  circumference.  It  is  in  the  Salibabo  group.  Lat. 
3°  47'  N.;  Ion.  127°  E. 

Kabrowa,  a  town  of  Bulgaria.    See  Gabuova. 

Kabshary,  kAb'shi'ree,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Bornoo, 
on  the  Yeoo,  90  miles  W.N.W.  of  Kooka.  Lat.  13°  N.; 
Ion.  13°  10'  E. 

Kabn,  a  country  of  Africa.     See  Kaboo. 

Kabul,  a  city  of  Afghanistan.    See  Cabool. 

Kachao,  a  city  of  Anam.    See  Kktciio. 

Kachar,  a  district  of  India.    See  Cachar. 

Kachec,  kfl^chee',  a  town  of  Sinde,  on  a  largo  branch 
of  the  Indus,  30  miles  N.  of  Hyderabad. 

Kaclicinir,  or  Kachmir,  India.    See  Cashmere. 

Kachgar,  a  city  of  Central  Asia.     See  Kashgar. 

Kachira,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Kashira. 

Kachnai- Serai,  kich^ni'-se-ri',  or  Kuchnal - 
Serai,  kutoh'ni'-s?-ri',  a  considerable  town  of  India,  do- 
minions and  130  miles  S.S.W.  of  Gwalior. 

Kach-Roud,  Afghanistan.    See  Kh ash-Rood. 

Kacunda,  or  Buddiia,  Africa.     See  Kakundy. 

Kadanic,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Kaaden. 

Kadapha,  k^Mi'f^,  a  village  of  Asiatic  Russia,  on  the 
Choruk  llivor,  S.  of  Batoora. 

Kaddirkamam,  Ceylon.     See  Katragaw. 

Kaddo,  kid'do,  one  of  the  Dhalak  Islands  of  the  Red 
8ca,  about  2  miles  long,  with  a  rocky  islet  off  its  W.  end. 

Kadero,  ki'dSh'ro',  a  village  of  Nubia,  on  the  Blue 
Nile,  3  miles  S.  of  Sennaar,  with  a  mosque. 

Kadiak,  kld-yik',  incorrectly  written  Kodiak,  a 
mountainous  island  in  tlie  Pacific  Ocean,  is  apart  of  Alaska, 
and  is  about  40  miles  S.  of  the  mainland.  It  is  nearly  80 
miles  long,  and  is  separated  from  the  mainland  by  Alaska 
Strait.  It  belongs  to  a  group  called  the  Kadiak  Archi- 
pelago, Ion.  151°-158°  W.  It  is  peopled  by  the  Kaniag- 
muts,  a  tribe  of  Esquimaux.  It  has  good  harbors,  with 
Abundant  timber  and  pasturage,  and  is  reported  to  contain 
gold  and  amber. 

Kadiak,  a  port  of  Alaska,  on  the  island  of  Kadiak. 
Tt  has  a  Greek  church.    Here  is  an  Indian  settlement. 


Kadihat'ty,  or  Kadihati,  kd'dce-ha'tcc,  a  town  of 
Bengal,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Calcutta.     Pop.  .5680. 

Kadi'na,  a  town  of  South  Australia,  about  10  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Wallaroo,  a  port  on  Spencer  Gulf.     Pop.  1832. 

Kadirgunge,  ki-dir-gunj',  a  town  of  British  India,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Ganges,  36  miles  N.W.  of  Furruckabad. 

Kadjang,  k3,d-j4ng',  a  small  native  state,  island  of 
Celebes,  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  gulf  of  that  name. 

Kadjang,  a  town  of  Celebes,  capital  of  the  above  state, 
on  the  small  river  Kadjang,  in  about  lat.  6°  20'  S. 

Kadnikov,  or  KadnikoAV,  k4d-ne-kov',  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  28  mile?  N.N.E.  of  Vologda.  Lat 
59°  24'  N.;  Ion.  40°  50'  E.     Pop.  1583. 

Kadoc,  Kadou,  kiMoo',  or  Kedoe,  kd-doo',  a  cen- 
tral [)rovinee  in  the  island  of  Java.     Pop.  686,802. 

Kadom,  ki-dom',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and 
128  miles  N.N.E.  of  Tambov,  on  the  Moksha,  with  a  brisk 
tratle.     Pop.  7107. 

Ka'door',  a  district  of  India,  in  Mysore.  Area,  2294 
square  miles.     Pop.  333,925. 

Kadushah,  the  Hebrew  name  of  Jerusalem. 

Ka^far',  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  Jcbel,  15  miles  S.W.  o» 
Ilayel.     Pop.  8500. 

Kafernihaii,  ki-fSr-ne-haw',  or  Ilis'sar,  a  river  of 
Toorkistan,  rises  about  lat.  39°  30'  N.,  Ion.  70°  20'  E.,  flows 
S.,  and  falls  into  the  Amoo-Darya  00  miles  N.E.  of  Balkh, 
after  a  course  of  about  210  miles. 

Kilferthal,  kA.'f§r-t&r,  a  village  of  Baden,  3  miles  N.B. 
of  Mannheim.     Pop.  4036. 

Katfa,  Caffa,  kif'f4,  or  Feodosia,  fi-o-do'se-i  (anc. 
Theodo'sia),  a  town  of  Russia,  at  the  W.  angle  of  a  mag- 
nificent bay  in  the  S.E.  of  the  Crimea.  Lat.  45°  6'  N. ;  Ion. 
35°  20'  E.  It  is  walled  and  well  fortified,  and  contains 
several  churches,  Greek,  Roman  Catholic,  and  Armenian, 
2  mosques,  a  spacious  quarantine,  a  college  for  gratuitous 
instruction,  a  botanical  garden,  a  museum,  and  a  normal 
school.  It  is  a  place  of  great  antiquity,  having  been 
founded  by  a  colony  of  Greeks  from  Ionia.  In  the  Middle 
Ages  it  passed  into  the  hands  of  the  Genoese  by  purchase, 
and  became  the  seat  of  an  extensive  commerce  with  the 
East  by  the  way  of  the  Caspian.  At  this  time  it  is  said  to 
have  had  a  population  of  80,000 ;  but,  having  been  taken 
by  the  Turks  in  1474,  its  prosperity  rapidly  declined.  At 
present  it  has  some  trade,  but  is  most  noted  as  a  place  of 
seaside  resort.     Pop.  8482. 

Kaffa,  Cafa,  or  Go'mara,a  countrj' of  East  Africa, 
S.  of  Abyssinia,  between  two  heads  of  the  Gojeb  River,  near 
lat.  7°  N.,  Ion.  36°  30'  E.  It  is  an  elevated  plain,  bear- 
ing palms,  and  characterized  by  the  production,  not  of 
cereal  grains,  but  of  the  eiiaete,  a  plant  resembling  the 
banana.  The  appellation  of  "  grain-eater"  is  used  by  the 
inhabitants  as  a  terra  of  contempt,  the  enseto  furnishing  the 
principal  article  of  food.  Kaffa  is  the  native  country  of 
the  coffee-plant  (the  Icahvah  of  the  Arabs),  and  a  very 
large  proportion  of  the  coffee  exported  from  Mocha  arrives 
in  that  market  from  the  N.  frontier  of  Kafia  and  the  S. 
part  of  Enarea.  The  people  are  of  the  Abyssinian  type; 
their  language  belongs  to  the  Hamitio  group,  and  they 
call  themselves  Christians.  The  king — or  tata,  as  he  ia 
called — rules  by  absolute  authority,  and  has  at  his  com- 
mand 10,000  horsemen.     Capital,  Bonga. 

Kaffraria,  Caffraria,  kif-fri're-i,  or  Kafirland^ 
ki'flr-lind,  a  populous  and  fertile  region  of  Southeast 
Africa,  bordering  on  Cape  Colony  and  the  Indian  Ocean, 
now  mostly  comprised  in  the  Cape  Colony,  Zululand,  and 
Natal.  The  native  inhabitants,  called  Kaffres  or  TafFres, 
in  1785  extended  their  dominion  to  Great  Fish  River,  in 
lat.  33°  27'  S.,  Ion.  27°  E.  Soon  afterwards  they  came  into 
collision  with  the  Dutch  Boers  about  600  miles  E.  from 
Cape  Town,  and  were  repulsed,  and  driven,  for  the  most 
part,  beyond  the  Keiskamma ;  but  they  never  renounced 
their  claim  to  or  wholly  withdrew  their  cattle  from  the 
country  between  the  rivers,  which  bore  the  title  of  the 
Neutral  Territory,  till  1836,  when  the  Keiskamma  and 
Kat  Rivers  were  fixed  definitively  as  their  W.  boundary. 
From  the  Keiskamma  to  the  Umzimktilu  or  Omzimkolo 
(lat.  30°  26'  S.),  the  N.E.  boundary  of  Kaffraria,  is  a  dis- 
tanceof  250  miles.  The  breadth  of  the  territory  from  the 
mountains  to  the  sea  is  from  80  to  90  miles.  Within  the 
limits  thus  described  Kaffraria  has  an  area  of  about  20,000 
square  miles. 

The  mountains  which  run  parallel  to  the  sea-coast,  bound- 
ing Kaffraria  on  the  N.W.,  rarely  exceed  th»  bnight  of  300(L 


KAF 


1524 


KAI 


'  feet  Valuable  mtnorala  ar«  rare.  The  level  plains  ter- 
ininnte  about  20  miles  from  the  »ctt;  then  follown  a  land  of 
hill  and  diile,  oxtrciiioly  varied  and  picturesque.  Nuincroui 
rivers  crow  this  country  to  the  sea.  Between  the  Kcis- 
>lfiTif  and  the  Great  Kei,  though  the  brooks  are  numerous 
In  the  hills,  the  lower  tracts  have  a  doHciency  of  witter ;  but 
this  defect  disappeiirs  aa  we  advance  to  the  N.E.  The  chief 
rivers  beyond  tne  Key  are  the  Udshee,  Unitdta,  Uinziiu- 
vdbu,  Uiutavfiina,  and  Umziiukdlu.  These  rivers  all  run  in 
deep  bods  with  ftoep  banks,  and  in  the  rainy  season  tlicy 
bocouio  immense  torrents.  Sciircely  any  of  the  rivers  of 
Kaffraria  are  accessible  even  by  small  vessels.  The  river- 
banks  are  shaded  by  large  trees;  in  the  small  thickets, 
scattered  over  the  elevated  grounds,  the  aloe  and  euphorbia 
are  conspicuous.  Tlic  chief  vegetable  products  are  mai/.c, 
millet,  and  watermelons.  From  May  to  August  it  seldom 
rains.  In  summer  the  rainy  season  sets  in  with  terrific 
thunder-storms.  In  spring  the  temperature  of  the  plains 
seldom  exceeds  60°  Fahr. ;  in  summer  it  is  between  70° 
and  110°,  and  before  storms  it  frequently  rises  to  upwards 
of  100°  Fahr. 

The  inhabitants  are  composed  of  four  principal  nations, 
namely,  the  Amak^sa,  or  Amaxosa;  the  Amatlmbu.  called 
Tambooger  or  Tambookies;  the  Amaponda  or  Mambookies; 
and  the  Aniazulu  or  Zulus;  but  there  are  many  subordinate 
and  allied  tribes,  all  belonging  clearly  to  the  great  Bantu  or 
South  African  race. 

The  Kalfres  are  tall  and  beautifully  formed,  with  fine 
eyes  and  an  open  countenance;  their  look  and  carriage  and 
ail  their  movements  show  vigor  and  animation.  Their  color 
is  a  dark  iron-gray;  except  thick  lips,  they  have  no  negro 
feature;  their  heads  are  well  formed;  their  hair  is  woolly 
and  in  little  tufts.  The  men,  the  chiefs  particularly,  exceed 
the  stature  of  Europeans ;  the  women,  on  the  other  hand, 
are  small,  but  elegantly  formed.  Vivacity  and  good  temper 
ch.-vracterize  both  sexes.  They  are  hospitable,  intelligent, 
and  brave,  but  dishonest  and  superstitious.  They  practise 
the  rite  of  circumcision.  The  men  take  as  many  wives  as 
they  can  buy.  The  wife  provides  for  herself  a  cotUvge  and 
cows.  The  former  is  a  spherical  hut,  framed  of  branches 
of  trees,  plastered  with  mud,  and  covered  with  rushes  or 
palm-leaves.  Besides  attending  to  household  duties,  the 
women  do  the  work  in  the  fields,  and  prepare  the  skins 
used  for  clothing.  The  men  are  occupied  with  war  and 
their  cattle.  These  last  constitute  the  KafFre's  wealth; 
they  are  the  constant  object  of  his  thoughts  and  admira- 
tion ;  he  is  always  happy  when  looking  on  his  cows.  He 
trains  the  bullocks  to  race,  and  constantly  rides  them. 
Milk  is  the  Kafi°re's  chief  sustenance,  and  always  in  the 
curdled  state.  Venison,  beef,  marmalade  of  the  water- 
melon, and  various  fruits  season  the  Kaffre's  repast,  but  in 
small  quantity.  He  will  not  taste  small  game;  and  fish, 
with  which  the  rivers  abound,  he  holds  in  abhorrence. 
Both  sexes  are  passionately  fond  of  smoking.  The  Kaffre's 
dress  is  simple;  the  men  are  always  bareheaded,  and  wear 
a  cloak  of  skin,  which  they  wrap  close  round  them  in  winter 
with  the  hair  inside,  the  exposed  side  being  reddened  with 
ochre.  The  Kaffres  are  divided  into  hordes  and  governed 
by  hereditary  chiefs,  who  exercise  absolute  rule;  but  latterly 
the  greater  part  of  them  have  submitted  to  the  British  and 
colonial  authority,  either  voluntarily  or  on  compulsion. 

British  Kaffraria  was  a  British  colony,  united  in  1864 
to  Cape  Colony.  Capital,  King  William's  Town.  Chief 
port,  East  London.     It  was  the  southernmost  part  of  Kaf- 

fraria  proi)cr. Adj.  and  inhab.  Kaffre  or  Capfre,  kif- 

f{r  or  kiff^r. 

Kafiristan,  k4'fo-ris-tin',  Caf^fristan',  Caiifi- 
ristan,  or  Kaufiristan,  kaw'fe-ris-tin'  ("land  of 
the  Kafirs"),  a  country  of  Central  Asia,  between  lat.  35° 
and  36°  N.  and  Ion.  69°  20'  and  71°  20'  E.,  enclosed  by 
Afghanistan,  Khoondooz,  Budukhshan,  and  Chitral.  Es- 
timated area,  7000  square  miles.  It  comprises  a  part  of 
the  S.  declivity  of  the  Hindoo-Koosh,  and  is  traversed  by 
afiluents  of  the  Cabool  River.  Its  narrow  but  fertile  val- 
leys produce  an  abundance  of  fruits,  with  some  wheat  and 
millet,  and  feed  large  herds  of  cattle,  sheep,  and  goats.  The 
inhabitants,  called  Siah  Posh,  or  Kafirs  ("  infidels"),  by 
their  neighbors,  are  a  remarkable  race,  resembling  Euro- 
peans in  their  persons  and  many  of  their  habits;  they  live 
in  a  very  rude  and  primitive  state,  and  exhibit  perpetual 
enmity  towards  Mohammedans,  by  whom  their  country  has 
been  repeatedly  invaded  but  never  conquered.  They  are 
very  skilful  as  workers  in  metals  and  wood,  and  are  dis- 
tinguished from  surrounding  tribes  by  drinking  wine,  sitting 
on  raised  scats,  exposing  their  dead  without  burial,  and  by 
using  a  language  which  resembles  the  Persian.  They  have 
fine  features  and  complexion,  and  claim  to  be  brothers  of 


the  Europeans.  The  principal  village  is  Caundaish,  with 
about  50(1  houses. 

Kagalnik,  ki-g&l-nik'  or  k&-g&l-ncck',  a  nvcr  of  Rug. 
sia,  in  Bessarabia,  enters  the  Black  Sea  a  little  N.  of  the 
Danube,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  100  miles.  On  its  banks 
German  and  other  colonics  have  been  estivblished. 

Kaghiizwara,  kjl-gflz-w&'r&,  a  village  of  India,  in  ths 
Doocan,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Aurungabad. 

Kagool,  Kagoul,  or  Ua^ul,  k&-gool',  a  lake  of 
Russia,  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Bessarabia.  Greatest  length, 
24  miles;  breiulth,  about  9  miles. 

Kagool,  Kagiilf  or  Caliiil,  ki-cool'  or  kH-iiool', 
called  also  FormoNa,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  that  part  of 
Bessarabia  retrocuded  in  1878  by  Roumauia,  32  miles  N. 
of  Galatz.     Pop.  0090. 

Kagosheema,  or  Kag08hima4    See  Canroziha. 

Kahan^  kjl-h&n',  a  village  of  British  Burmah,  on  th« 
Tenasserim  coast,  near  Mergui.     Close  to  it  are  tin-mines. 

Kahcrec,  k&'ha-ree\  a  town  of  India,  district  and  28 
miles  S.  of  Dera  Ismaecl  Khan.  Lnt.  31°  25'  N.;  Ion.  70" 
57'  E.    It  has  a  ferry  across  the  Indus,  here  1 000  yards  widw. 

Kahireh,  or  El  Hahiruh,  Egypt.    See  Cairo. 

Kalila,  or  Kahic,  Germany.    See  Caiila. 

Kalilciibcrg,  kil'lt;n-b£it(i\  a  hill  in  Austria,  on  the 
Danube,  a  little  N.W.  of  Vienna,  with  many  handsome 
villas.  On  its  side  Sobieski  arrived  to  the  rescue  of  Vienna 
when  besieged  by  the  Turks  in  1083. — The  Kaiii.knui;- 
BiitGE,  ki'l^n'ga-beCR^flh^h,  are  the  mountains  occupied 
by  the  WiKXKinvALn,  <^oe'n?r-<^ilt*,  or  Vienna  Forest. 

Kahoolawc,  ki-hoo-IA'wee,  cjvllcd  also  Taliou* 
Rawe,  Talioorowa,  and  Tahuroa,  one  of  the  Sand- 
wich Islands,  off  the  S.W.  point  of  Maui,  11  miles  long  and 
8  miles  wide. 

Kahuu,  kl'hoon',  a  fortified  town  of  Afghanistan,  near 
the  Nuffoosk  Pa«s.     Lat.  29°  20'  N.;  Ion.  69°  25'  E. 

Kai,  ki,  a  town  of  China,  province  of  Se-Chuen,  125 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Shun-King. 

Kai-Choo,  or  Kai-'Fchou,  kr-choo',  a  city  of  Chi- 
nese Manchooria,  8  miles  from  the  Gulf  of  Leao-Tong.  Lat. 
40°  35'  N.;  Ion.  121°  47'  E. 

Kaicteur,  kl-?h-toor',  or  Kaitecur,  kI-t§-oon',  a 
cataract  of  British  Guiana.  Lat.  6°  8"  N. ;  Ion.  69°  19'  W. 
Hero  the  river  Potaro  descends  822  feet,  the  first  fall  of  741 
feet  being  perpendicular.     The  volume  of  water  is  large. 

Kaitfa,  a  town  of  Syria.     See  Haifa. 

Kai-Fong,  Cai-Fong,  kl'-fong',  or  Kai-Fiing, 
ki'-fung',  a  city  of  China,  capital  of  Ilo-Nan,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Iloang-IIo.     Lat.  39°  55'  N. ;  Ion.  114°  20'  E. 

KaikandroSf  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Indriiabia. 

Kailas,  or  Cailas,  kiMis'  ("para<lise"),  the  Olymjius 
of  the  Hindoos,  a  mountain-region  of  Thibet,  about  lat.  31° 
N.,  Ion.  80°  E.,  and  comprising  the  lakes  of  Manasarowar 
and  Ravana-Hrada. 

Kailoor,  or  Kailur,  ki-loor',  one  of  the  Sutlej  hill- 
states  of  India.     Area,  448  square  miles.     Pop.  60,000. 

Kaimgui^e,  or  Kaimganj,  kim'gunj',  a  town  of 
India,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Furruckabiid.     Pop.  8983. 

Kain,  kin,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  on  the 
Scheldt,  28  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Mons.     Pop.  2550. 

Kain,  Kayn,  or  Khain,  a  town  of  Persia.   See  Ghavic. 

Kainoora-Jikool,  or  Kaiuoura-Djikoul,  kl- 
noo'ri-jee-kool',  a  village  of  West  Africa,  on  the  Falcme. 
Lat.  14°  22'  N.;  Ion.  12°  19'  W. 

Kainsk)  kinsk,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia,  government 
of  Tomsk,  on  the  Om,  260  miles  W.S.W.  of  Tomsk.  Lat. 
55°30'N. ;  Ion.  78°40'E.     It  has  a  trade  in  furs.     P.  5212. 

Kaipara,  ki-pi'ri,  a  fine  harbor  of  New  Zealand,  in 
the  N.orlh  Island,  on  its  W.  coast,  in  lat.  36°  30'  S.,  Ion. 
174°  75'  E.  Average  breadth,  from  5  to  6  miles.  It  re- 
ceives several  considerable  rivers,  including  the  Wairoa  at 
the  N.  and  the  Kaipara  at  the  S.  extremity. 

Kaira,  ki'ri,  a  walled  town  of  India,  capital  of  Kaira 
district,  265  miles  N.  of  Bombay.  Near  it  are  British  can- 
tonments.    Pop.  11,836. 

Kaira,  a  district  of  India,  in  Guzerat.  Lat.  22°  21'- 
23°  33'  N. ;  Ion.  72°  30'-73°  27'  E.  Area,  11,561  square 
miles.    It  has  a  productive  soil.   Capital,  Kaira.    P.  782,733. 

Kairwan,  or  Cairwan,  kir'win',  also  called  Ka- 
ruan,  a  city  of  Africa,  dominions  and  SO  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Tunis.  It  is  the  religious  capital  of  the  regency,  if  not  of 
all  North  Africa.  Lat.  35°  37'  N. ;  Ion.  10°  15'  E.  Pop. 
estimated  at  15,000.  It  stands  on  a  sandy  desert  plain,  and 
has  a  large  citadel,  magnificent  mosques,  numerous  remains 
of  antiquity,  and  manufactures  of  morocco-  leather  boots  and 
slippers.  In  the  eighth  and  ninth  centuries  it  was  the  cap- 
ital of  the  Arab  dominions  in  Africa.  It  has  a  large  cara- 
van-trade.   No  Jew  or  Christian  is  allowed  to  live  here. 


KAI 


1525 


KAL 


Kaisareeyeh,  Kaisariyeh,  or  Kaiseriyeh,  ki- 

lar-ee'^h  (anc.  Osesare'a,  or  Mazaea),  one  of  the  most  im- 
portant cities  of  Asia  Minor,  in  its  B.  portion,  at  tiie  N, 
foot  of  Mount  Argeeus,  160  miles  E.N.E.  of  Konieh.  Lat. 
88°  42'  N. ;  Ion.  35°  20'  E.  It  is  cnolosed  by  a  dilapidated 
wall,  comprises  about  6000  Turkish,  2500  Armenian,  and 
600  Greek  houses,  has  a  castle,  several  mosques,  churches, 
extensive  and  well-supplied  baxaars,  and  near  it  are  re- 
mains of  both  the  ancient  and  a  subsequent  Mohammedan 
city.  Though  its  trade  has  been  latterly  declining,  its  in- 
habitants are  still  noted  for  commercial  enterprise,  and  it  is 
the  entrepot  for  a  large  extent  of  country.  It  imports  many 
articles  of  European  manufacture,  which  it  re-exports  to  the 
chief  cities  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  with  yellow-berries,  wool, 
goats'  hair,  furs,  skins,  raw  cotton,  madder,  gums,  gall-nuts, 
leeches,  nitre,  fruit,  and  wine. 

Kaisareeyeh,  Palestine.    See  C^sarea. 

Kaiser,  ki'zpr,  a  German  word  signifying  "emperor," 
derived  from  the  Latin  Gxsar,  and  forming  a  part  of  a  num- 
ber of  names  in  Germany,  Switzerland,  &o.,  as  Kaiserbeuo, 
'.'emperor's  hill  (or  hill-fortress)". 

Haiscrbcrg,  ki'z^r-bSuc^  or  Kayscrsberg,  ki'z^rs- 
Mro^  (L.  Cie'nun's  Moim),  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  on 
the  Weiss,  8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Colmar.  Pop.  2588,  mostly 
engaged  in  cotton-manufactures. 

Kaiser  Ebersflorf.    See  Ebersdoup  ox  the  Danube. 

Kaiscriyali,  a  city  of  Asia.    See  KAiSAitEKVEH. 

Kaiserslautern,  ki'z§rs-16wH§rn,  a  town  of  Rhenish 
B&varia,  on  the  Lauter,  at  a  railway  junction,  25  miles 
K.W.  of  Landau.  Pop.  22,108.  It  was  formerly  a  strong 
military  post,  and  has  iron-forges  and  manufactures  of  cot- 
Ion  stuffs,  a  normal  school,  and  a  Latin  school. 

Kaisersinarkt,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Kesmark. 

Kaiscrstuhl,  ki'z?r-stooP,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton of  Aargau,  on  the  Rhine,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Aarau. 

Kaiserswald,  ki'z9rs-^i,lt\  a  village  of  Bohemia,  35 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Leitmeritz.     Pop.  1838. 

Kaiserwerth,  ki'z§r-*SRt',  or  Kaiserswerth,  a 
town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Dusseldorf,  on 
the  Rhine.  Pop.  2135.  It  has  manufactures  of  cotton  and 
silk,  and  a  noted  school  for  deaconesses,  attached  to  which 
are  a  normal  school,  an  orphanage,  an  insane  hospital,  and 
a  reforiu-seiiool  for  women. 

Kaisten,  kis'tcjn,  Obkr,  o'b§r,  andUxTER,  5on't§r,  two 
contiguous  villages  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Aargau,  about 
10  miles  N.  of  Aarau.     Pop.  1024. 

Kaita,  ki'ti,  or  Kee'tah,  a  town  of  British  India,  in 
Bun'lclcunil,  50  miles  W.  of  Uanda. 

Kai-Tchoii,  a  city  of  China.    See  Kai-Choo. 

Kaiteeur,  British  Guiana.    See  Kaieteuu. 

Kaitlial,  a  town  of  India.     See  Kytiiul. 

Kuits,  or  Kayts,  kits,  a  seaport  and  village  at  the  N. 
end  of  Mandetivoe  Island,  near  Ceylon.  Its  harbor  affords 
safe  anchorage  and  is  much  frequented. 

Kajaaga,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Galav. 
.    Kakabik'ka,  a  remarkable  cataract  of  Canada,  in  the 
course  of  the  Kaministiquia,  a  river  which,  before  enter- 
ing Lake  Superior  at  its  W.  end,  falls  over  a  mica-slate  rock 
130  feet  high, 

Kakava,  k&-ki,'vk,  a  small  island  off  the  S.  coast  of 
Asia  Minor,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Myra.  Lat.  36°  9'  N. ;  Ion. 
20°  5'  E.  It  has  a  port  and  roadstead,  and  remains  of  the 
ancient  Ci/dna. 

Kakissn,  or  Kakisia,  Turkey.    See  Karkissa. 

Kakurie,  ki-ko'rce,  a  town  of  India,  Lucknow  division. 
Poi).  83+3. 

Kuknndy,  ki-kun'dee,  or  Kacun'da,  written  also 
lliiddiia,  a  town  of  Senegambia,  on  the  Nunez,  100  miles 
N.K.  of  its  mouth. 

Kakiindy,  a  river  of  Africa.    See  Nunez. 

Kalabagh,  a  town  of  India.    See  Caulabagh. 

Kiilabryta,  a  town  of  Greece.    See  Kalavrita. 

Kalabs.helt,  or  £1  Kalabshe,  i\  ki-lib'sh5h  (anc. 
rul'mlx),  a  village  of  Nubia,  on  the  Nile,  40  miles  S.  of 
Asswim.     Lat.  23°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  32°  55'  E. 

Kaladgi,  a  district  of  India.     See  Kuladgee. 

Kalafat,  ki'li-fdt',  a  town  of  Roumania,  on  the  Dan^ 
ube,  nearly  opjiosite  VVidin.  It  has  a  quarantine,  a  town 
hall,  a  custom-house,  3  churches,  and  cavalry  barracks.  Its 
redoubts  are  of  great  extent  and  very  strong.  This  place 
has  figured  prominently  in  several  wars.     Pop.  2280, 

Kalah,  ki'IS.  (a  "  castle"),  a  prefix  to  the  name  of  numer- 
ous vilhjges,  fortresses,  Ac,  in  AVest  Asia. 

Kalahari  (ki'li-hi'ree)  Desert,  a  vast  sandy  plain 
of  South  Africa,  occupying  the  cenhre  of  the  continent  be- 
tween the  Zambezi  and  Orange  Rivers  for  a  distance  of 
about  600  miles,  at  an  elevation  of  3500  feet  above  the  sea. 


It  is  almost  destitute  of  water.  Lagoons  and  "salt-pans' 
encrusted  with  salt  are  frequent  in  the  N.E.  part  of  the 
desert,  and  wild  but  edible  watermelons  abound  in  some 
seasons.     The  country  is  peopled  by  a  few  Bushmen. 

Kalahi-Yezd^ird,  Persia.     See  Ban-Zaudah. 

Kalah-Jik,  k4'li-jik  or  ki'lJ-jeck,  a  town  of  Asia 
Minor,  35  miles  N.E.  of  Angora,  at  the  base  of  a  conical 
hill  crowned  by  a  castle,  and  stated  to  have  9000  people. 
It  was  taken  by  Ibrahim  Pasha  in  his  invasion  of  Asia 
Minor,  and  subsequently  sacked  by  the  Turkish  troops. 

Kalah-Sefeed,  Kalah-Sefid,  ki'li-sdf-eed',  or 
Kalah-Sifid,  k4'll-se-leed',  a  town  of  Persia,  province 
of  Fars,  55  miles  W.N.W.  of  Sheeraz. 

Kalah* Sherkat,  kd'li-shfir'kit',  an  ancient  town  of 
Turkish  Koordistan,  on  the  Tigris,  30  miles  E.  of  Al-lladhr. 

Kalaichi,  ki-li'cheo,  or  Koiachi,  ko-l4'chee,  a  town 
of  India,  near  the  Indus,  district  and  30  miles  S.  of  Dera 
Ismaeel  Khan.     Pop.  9921. 

Kalama,  ka-lil'ma,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Cowlitz  co., 
Washington,  is  on  the  Columbia  River,  40  miles  N.of  Port- 
land, Oregon,  and  70  miles  from  the  Pacific  Ocean.  It  is 
the  S.  terminus  of  the  Pacific  division  of  the  Northern  Pa- 
cific Railroad,  and  is  105  miles  S.  of  Tacoma.  It  has  Z 
churches,  a  printing-office,  and  a  machine-shop  in  which 
the  railroad  company  manufacture  cars.  The  steamers  of 
the  Oregon  Steam  Navigation  Company  connect  here  with 
the  railroad  trains. 

Kalamaki,  ki-lA-mi'kee,  a  bay  of  Asia  Minor,  lat.  36° 
10'  N.,  Ion.  29°  28'  E.,  near  the  head  of  which  are  the  ruins 
of  the  aqueduct  of  the  ancient  Patnra. 

Kalamata,  or  Calamata,  ki-l^-md,'t&,  a  seaport 
town  of  Greece,  capital  of  Messenia,  near  the  head  of  the 
Gulf  of  Koron.  Pop.  6327.  It  has  a  brisk  trade  in  oil, 
silk,  and  figs,  raised  in  its  vicinity. 

Kalamazoo,  kaPa-ma-zoo',  a  county  in  the  S.W. 
part  of  Michigan,  has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Kalamazoo  River,  and  is  also  drained  by 
the  Portage  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly 
level,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies,  forests,  and  small 
lakes.  Among  the  forest  trees  are  the  oak  and  sugar- 
maple.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
oats,  hay,  wool,  butter,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad, 
the  Grand  Rapids  &,  Indiana  Railroad,  the  Lake  Shore  ife 
Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  and  others,  of  which  several 
communicate  with  Kalamazoo,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
32,054;   in  1880,34,342;  in  1890,39.273. 

Kalamazoo,  a  city,  capital  of  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich., 
is  situated  in  a  beautiful  valley,  in  Kalamazoo  township, 
on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the  Miidiigan  Central 
Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  (jraiid  Rapids  &  Indiana 
Railroad  and  the  Kalamazoo  division  of  the  Lake  Shore 
A  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  49  miles  S.  of  Grand 
Rapids,  68  miles  W.  of  Jackson,  and  140  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Chicago.  Here  is  the  Kalamazoo  College  (Baptist),  which 
was  organized  in  1855  and  has  a  library  of  3U00  volumes. 
This  city  contains  also  27  churches,  a  public  library,  the 
Michigan  F<male  Seminary,  organized  in  1866,  2  business 
colleges,  the  largo  and  expensive  edifice  of  the  state  asylum 
for  the  insane  (with  about  1000  inmates).  4  national  banks, 
2  other  banks,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  2  daily  and 
4  weekly  newspapers.  It  has  10  hotels,  2  theatres,  the 
Holly  system  of  water-works,  is  lighted  by  gas  and  elec- 
tricity, has  80  manufacturing  establishments  employing 
6000  operatives,  eight  miles  of  street-railway,  10  publio 
school  buildings,  4  private  schools,  40  incorporated  com- 
panies with  a  capital  of  over  $4,000,000,  annual  products 
valued  at  $6,000,000,  annual  wages  amounting  to  $1 ,500,000, 
and  five  railroads.     Pop.  in  1880,  11.937  ;  in  1S90,  17,853. 

Kalamazoo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co..  Neb.,  iit 
Schoolcraft  township,  28  miles  N.  of  Columbus.  It  has  a 
church. 

Kalamazoo  River,  Michigan,  rises  in  Hillsdale  co., 
and  runs  northwestward  through  Calhoun  co.  Its  general 
direction  is  W.N.VV.  It  intersects  the  cos.  of  Kalamazoo 
and  Allegan,  and  enters  Lake  Michigan  at  Saugatuck.  It 
is  nearly  200  miles  long.  Boats  of  50  tons  can  ascend  it 
about  36  miles.  The  chief  towns  on  this  river  are  Mar- 
shall, Kalamazoo,  Battle  Creek,  and  Allegan. 

Kalamo,  an  island  of  the  ^gean  Sea.    See  Kai.imno. 

Kai'amo,  a  post-village  of  Eaton  co.,  Mich.,  in  Kal- 
amo township,  about  28  miles  S.W.  of  Lansing.  It  has  2 
brick  churches,  a  saw-mill,  and  several  stores.  Pop.  about 
200;  of  the  township,  1401. 

Kalani,  Kelani,  ka-lil'nee,  or  Kallania,  kil-l&'- 
ne-a,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Ceylon,  situated  on  the 
Kalani-Gunga,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Colombo. 


XA.L 


1526 


KAL 


K«llml*GnBcat  or  KelanUGanga,  k^li'noe- 
rBn'g^  A  rivor  of  Cejrlon,  entera  th«  ooean  3  mileB  N.  of 
Culoiubo,  afUr  m  W.  course  of  60  miles. 

Kalannay  k&-l4n'ii&,  a  town  of  Boodan,  capital  of  the 
kinjjduitt  uf  iu  own  naiuo,  about  260  miles  8.6. W.  of  Tim- 
buctuo. 

Kalantan,  or  Calantan,  k&-IJln<t&n',  a  Btnto  of  the 
Malay  Peninsula,  oxtondinK  along  ita  E.  coast,  and  paying 
a  small  yearly  tribute  to  Siain.  Estimated  pop.  50,UUU. 
The  produce  comprises  tin  and  pepper,  witli  some  gold  and 
lead.  Principal  town,  Kalantan,  ou  a  boatable  rivor,  lat. 
«o  16'  N.,  Ion.  101°  62'  E. 

Kalnro'a,  or  Kalarii'a,  a  town  of  Bengal,  60  miles 
N.E.  of  Calcutta,  on  a  large  boatable  channel  of  the  Ganges 
delta.     It  is  the  seat  of  a  rice-trade.     Pop.  6937. 

Kala-Sefid)  a  town  of  Persia.     See  KALAii-SErEBD. 

Kiilnsin,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Koi.iAzix. 

Kalat,  a  town  of  Beloochistan.     Sec  Kklat. 

Kalat-el-Mudik,  kil-l&t'-dl-mud-ik',  written  also 
Kulut-el-AIedyk,  a  town  of  Syria,  70  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Aleppo,  near  the  ancient  Apamea, 

Kalatoa,  kfi,-l&-to'i,  an  island  in  the  Flores  Sea,  be- 
tween Flores  and  Celebes.     Lat.  7°  12'  S. ;  Ion.  121°  43'  E. 

Kalau,  or  Calau,  k&'Idw,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Bran- 
denburg, 65  miles  S.S.W.  of  Frankfort.     Pop.  2809. 

Kalavritaf  or  Kalabryta,  k&-li,-vree't&  (anc.  CSjme'- 
tha),  a  town  of  Greece,  in  the  Morea,  near  the  foot  of  Mount 
Khelmos,  28  miles  S.E.  of  Patras.     Pop.  2272. 

Kalbe,  kill'bfh,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  in  Magde- 
burg, on  the  Saalc,  18  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Magdebui-g.  It 
has  manufivctures  of  sugar,  paper,  oil,  machinery,  woollens, 
yarn,  and  cotton  goods.     Pop.  7951. 

Kalbe,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  in  Magdeburg,  17 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Salzwedol.     Pop.  1682. 

Kaldeukirchen,  kil'd^n-kegRK^^n,  a  village  of  Rhen- 
ish Prussia,  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Kemnen.     Pop.  3024. 

Kalefat,  a  town  of  Roumania.     bee  Kalafat. 

Kalch,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Toi'Rak-Kulah. 

Kalenberg,  or  Caleiiberg,  ki'l§n-bdiiG\  a  former 
principality  of  Germany,  comprising  the  city  of  Hanover. 
It  owed  its  name  to  a  village  and  ruined  castle  on  the 
Leine,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hanover. 

Kalesnra,  kS,-ld,-soo'ri,,  a  village  of  India,  in  the 
Punjab,  32  miles  S.E.  of  Attock.  Lat.  33°  44'  N. ;  Ion. 
72°  49'  E. 

Kalgan,  kirgln'  (a  "gate"),  a  town  of  China,  prov- 
ince of  Pe-Chee-Lee,  126  miles  N.W.  of  Peking,  hit.  40° 
60'  N.,  Ion.  115°  3'  E.,  and  near  the  Great  Wall.  It  is  very 
populous,  and  is  divided  by  a  river  into  a  Mongol  and  a 
Chinese  town,  both  of  which  are  fortified. 

Kalguev,  Kalgouev,  kil-goo-iv'  or  kM-gwfiv',  or 
Kolguev,  kol-goo-Iv',  written  also  Kalgtijew,  an  island 
of  Russia,  in  the  Arctic  Ocean.  Lat.  69°  N. ;  Ion.  49°  E. 
Length  and  breadth,  45  miles  each.  It  is  peopled  only  by 
a  few  Samoyed  families,  but  yields  large  quantities  of  skins, 
eggs,  and  feathers. 

Kalhat,  k&l-h&t',  a  town  of  Arabia,  dominions  and  70 
miles  S.E.  of  Muscat,  on  the  Arabian  Sea. 

Kali,  a  river  of  India.     See  Sind. 

Kalib  Rocks,  Mediterranean.    See  Cane  Islands. 

Kali'da,  a  post-village  of  Woodson  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Centre  township,  about  16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Humboldt.  It 
has  3  churches. 

Kalida,  a  post- village  of  Putnam  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ot- 
tawa River,  18  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Lima.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  drug-store,  and  3  other  stores.     Pop,  about  500. 

Kaligunge,orKaliganj,kare-giinj',  a  municipality 
of  Bengal,  45  miles  E.  of  Calcutta,  at  the  junction  of  two 
navigable  channels  of  the  Ganges  delta.  It  has  a  large 
trade.     Pop.  3485. 

Kalihari  Desert,  Africa.    See  Kalahari  Desert. 

KaPikuch'ha,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  Tiperah.  Lat. 
24°  5'  13"  N.;  Ion.  91°  9'  E.     Pop.  3928. 

KalimnOjKalvmno,  kil-lim'no,Calamo,ki-li'mo, 
or  Calynda,  ki-lln'da.  an  island  off  the  S.W.  coast  of 
Asia  Minor,  16  miles  N.'W.  of  Cos.  Lat.  37°  N. ;  Ion.  27° 
E.  Kalimno,  or  Calamo,  its  chief  town,  is  on  its  W.  coast. 
It  has  a  large  sponge-fishery. 

Kalin'ga,  a  town  of  Bengal,  40  miles  N.E.  of  Calcutta. 
Pop.  15,687. 

Kalisz,  Kalish,  or  Kalisch,  k&'lish,  written  also 
Kalice,  a  city  of  Poland,  and  the  westernmost  in  the 
Ilussian  dominions,  capital  of  a  province  of  the  same  name, 
on  an  island  in  the  Prosna,  130  miles  W.S.W.  of  Warsaw. 
Pop.  16,957,  comprising  2600  Jews.  The  principal  edifices 
are  the  citadel,  the  former  palace  of  the'  waywode,  the 
cathedral,  many  other  churches,  a  synagogue,  a  theatre, 


and  several  hospitals.  It  has  snperior  schools,  and  monu- 
faotures  of  woollen  and  linen  fabrics,  leather,  Ac. 

Kalisz,  a  government  of  Russian  Poland,  bounded  W. 
by  Prussia.  Area,  4391  square  miles.  Capital,  Kuliii' 
Pop.  707,418.  1       »  «. 

Kaljasiu,  Russia.    See  Kaltasin. 

Kalk,  kilk,  an  eastern  suburb  of  Deutz,  in  Prussia, 
with  largo  manufactories.     Pop.  8498. 

Kalkandcre,  k&l-k&n  d&'rd,  called  also  KalknN 
dein  and  Kalkandclcn,  a  town  of  Turkey,  in  Albania. 
17  miles  E.S.E.  of  Prisrend.     Pop.  about  20,000. 

Kalkar,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Calcau. 

Kalkas  Country,  Mongolia.  See  Khalkar  Corjcrnr. 

Kalkas'ka,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Michigan,  baa 
an  area  of  680  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Man- 
istee River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Grand  Triuerso 
River.  The  surface  is  extensively  covered  with  forests. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products  of  the 
soil.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Grand  Rnpids  A  In- 
diana and  Chicago  A  West  Michigan  Railroads.  Capital, 
Kalkaska.    Pop,  in  1870,424;  in  1880,2937;  in  1890,6180. 

Kalkaska,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Kalkaska  oo., 
Mich.,  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  on  tlie  (irand 
Rapids  A  Indiana  Railroad,  136  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Grand 
Rupids,  and  24  miles  E.  of  Traverse  City.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  bank,  a  high  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manuracturea 
of  firming-implements,  lumber,  wooden-ware,  Ac.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1161. 

Kalkoon,  kil-koon',  or  Tur'key  Isles,  a  group  of 
islets  in  the  Java  Sea,  N.E.  of  Kangelung.  Lat.  6°  31'  S.j 
Ion.  116°  29'  E, 

Kailabagh,  a  town  of  the  Punjab.     See  Caulabaoh. 

Kallakandi,  k&l-lA-kin'dee,  a  town  of  West  Africa, 
N,  of  Dahomey,  about  70  miles  S,  by  W.  of  Adafoodia. 
Lat.  12°  2'  N.  ;  Ion.  1°  18'  E. 

Kallania,  a  village  of  Ceylon.     See  Kalani. 

Kallavesi,  kil-li-\^'sce,  a  lake  of  Russia,  in  Finland, 
circle  of  Kuopio.  Greatest  length,  from  N.W,  to  S.E., 
about  24  miles;  mean  breadth,  about  6  miles. 

Kallec-Nnddee,  kil'lee-nfld'dee,  two  rivers  of  India, 
I,  (Eaut),  between  the  Ganges  and  the  Jumna,  has  its  rise  in 
lat,  29°  19'  N.,  Ion.  77°  61'  E.  Elevation,  900  feet  above 
the  sea.  Total  course,  540  miles.  It  falls  into  the  Ganges 
in  lat.  27°  1'  N.,  Ion.  80°  3'  E.  II.  (  West),  rises  in  lat.  30° 
N.,  Ion.  77°  47'  E.  Elevation,  1000  feet  above  the  sea.  It 
falls  into  an  affluent  of  the  Jumna,  in  lat.  29°  13'  N.,  Ion.  77" 
36' E.  Total  course,  120  miles.  Several  other  East  Indian 
rivers  are  called  by  this  name, 

Kal'lerville,  or  Kel'lerville,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Adams  CO.,  III.,  8  miles  S.  of  Clayton  Railroad  Station. 

Kallinger,  or  Kallindshur,  India.    SeeCALLiNGER. 

Kallnitinz,  kill'miints,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  12  miles 
N.N.W,  of  Ratisbon.     Pop.  1262. 

Kallo,  or  Nagy  Kallo,  nodj  kirio'  {i.e.,  "Great 
Kallo"),  a  market  town  of  Hungary,  23  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Debreczin.  Pop.  6835,  mostly  Protestants.  It  has  Greek 
and  Protestant  churches  and  a  manufactory  of  saltpetre. 

Kal'loch,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Leavenworth,  Lawrence  A  Galveston  Railroad,  138  miles 
S.  by  AV,  of  Lawrence, 

Kailsiden,  kiirse-o^?n,  a  lake  of  Sweden,  in  the 
N,W.  part  of  the  laen  of  Jemtland,  15  miles  long  by  about 
9  miles  broad.  It  is  enclosed  by  lofty  mountains,  and 
communicates  with  Lake  Storsion  on  the  S.E, 

Kallundborg,  or  Calluiidborg,  k&I'loond-boRo',  a 
town  of  Denmark,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Seeland,  58  miles  W. 
of  Copenhagen.     Pop.  2673, 

Kalmar,  kll'mar,  a  lajn  of  Sweden,  extending  along 
the  coast  of  the  Baltic,  between  lat,  56°  20'  and  58°  20'  N. 
and  Ion,  16°  30'  and  17°  E,  Area,  including  the  island  of 
Oland,  4258  square  miles.    Capital,  Kalmar.    Pop.  241,939. 

Kalmar,  or  Calniar,  a  fortified  city  of  Sweden,  capi- 
tal of  the  above  lien,  on  Kalmar  Sound,  opposite  the  island 
of  Oland,  190  miles  S.S.W.  of  Stockholm.  It  is  the  ter- 
minus of  a  railway.  Pop,  10,009.  It  stands  on  the  island 
of  Quarnholm,  and  communicates  with  a  suburb  on  the 
mainland  by  a  bridge  of  boats.  It  has  a  fine  church,  a 
town  hall,  a  prefecture,  a  strong  castle,  now  a  house  of  cor- 
rection, an  academy,  a  gymnasium,  a  dockrj'ard,  a  small 
but  secure  harbor,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  stuffs,  to- 
bacco, and  potash. 

Kal'mar,  a  township  of  Olmsted  co.,  Minn.  Pop.  897. 
It  contains  Byron, 

Kalmar  (kil'mar)  Sonnd,  a  strait  of  the  Baltic  Sea, 
separating  the  island  of  Oland  from  the  mainland. 

KaPmeswar',  a  town  of  India,  Central  Provinces,  to 
the  division  of  Nagpoor.     Pop.  6339. 


b 


KAL 


1527 


KAM 


KaI'mia,  a  hamlet  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  on  a  branch 
of  tho  Reading  llailroad,  3  miles  S.  of  Tower  City.  Hero 
eoal  is  mined. 

Kalmina,  a  town  of  \7est  Africa.    See  CALMiifA. 

Kalmius,  kil-me-oos'  (?),  a  river  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment of  Yekaterinoslav,  after  a  S.S.W.  course  of  nearly  90 
miles,  falls  into  the  Sea  of  Azof  at  Maribpol. 

Kalmucks,  a  tribe  of  Asia.     See  Calmucks. 

Kalneh,  a  town  of  Mesopotamia.    See  Kerkesiah. 

Kalocsa,  kShMoch'oh',  or  Coiocza,  ko*lots'oh\  a 
town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  68  miles  S.  of  Pesth,  on  the  left 
bank  of  tlie  Danube.  Pop.  16,302.  It  is  the  seo  of  an 
archbishop,  and  has  a  cathedral,  a  college,  and  a  gymna- 
sium.    It  was  formerly  a  town  of  much  importance. 

Kalo-Gunga,  a  river  of  Ceylon.     See  Kalugaxga. 

Kaiolimno,  ki-Io-lim'no,  a  small  island  in  the  Sea  of 
Marmora,  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Constantinople. 

Kalooga,  Kalouga,  or  Kaluga,  kil-loo'gS.,  a  gov- 
ernment of  European  Russia,  near  its  centre,  bounded  S. 
by  Toola,  W.  by  Smolensk,  and  N.  by  Moscow.  Area, 
11,927  square  miles.  The  surface  is  flat.  The  chief  crops 
are  rye,  oats,  wheat,  barley,  lint,  and  hemp.  The  horses 
are  excellent.  Tho  manufactures  comprise  metallic  goods 
and  cutlery,  cloth,  cotton,  leather,  beet-root  sugar,  and 
soap.  Distilling  is  carried  on  to  a  vast  extent.  The  com- 
merce is  principally  with  Archangel.  Exports,  oil  and 
spirits.    Capital,  Kalooga.     Pop.  996,252. 

Kalooga,  Kalouga,  or  Kaluga,  a  town  of  Russia, 
capital  of  the  government  of  the  same  name,  95  miles  S.W. 
of  Moscow,  on  the  Oka.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop,  and  has 
23  churches,  a  gymnasium,  a  seminary,  a  foundling  hospi- 
tal, and  a  house  of  correction.  Kalooga  is  one  of  the  most 
important  manufacturing  towns  of  the  empire.  The  prin- 
cipal articles  produced  are  muskets,  sail-cloth  for  the  navy, 
oil,  paper,  cotton,  pottery,  soap,  and  vitriol.  It  has  numer- 
ous tanneries  and  sugar-refineries,  and  a  commerce  in  sheep- 
skins, leather,  and  wax.  It  is  a  place  of  compulsory  resi- 
dence for  political  offenders  of  high  rank.     Pop.  38,608. 

Kaloo  (ki'loo')  Pass,  in  Central  Asia,  10  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Bamian,  on  the  route  from  Cabool.     Height,  12,480  feet. 

Kaloyeri,  ki-lo-yA'ree,  a  small  desert  island  in  the 
Grecian  Archipelago,  midway  between  Andro  and  Scio. 

Kalpce,  or  Calpee,  kil'pee,  a  large  and  populous 
town  of  British  India,  45  miles  S.W.  of  Cawnpoor,  on  the 
Jumna,  the  navigation  of  which  is  commanded  by  its  fort. 
It  is  an  entrepot  for  cotton,  and  has  manufactures  of  jjaper 
and  sugar-candy.     Pop.  21,812. 

Kalpeni,  kil-pi'nee,  two  of  the  Laccadive  Islands,  in 
the  Indian  Ocean,  off  tho  W.  coast  of  India,  joined  by  a  reef 
above  water.     Lat.  (S.  point)  10°  3'  N.;  Ion.  73°  35'  E. 

Kalpitaje,  or  Kalpitiya,  Ceylon.    See  Calpentyn. 

Kalsee,  kil'see,  a  town  of  India,  in  Qurhwal,  on  the 
Upper  Jumna,  43  miles  N.W.  of  Ilurdwar.  Lat.  30°  32' 
N. ;  Ion.  77°  50'  E.  It  is  a  principal  mart  for  the  country 
between  the  Sutlej  and  Tons  Rivers. 

Kaltbrnnnen,  k4lt'bro5n'nen  ("cold  springs"),  a  vil- 
lage of  Switzerland,  23  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Gall.     Pop.  1453. 

Kalteiibrunn,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  IIidegkut. 

Kaltcn-Nordheim,  kil't^n-nond'hlme,  or  simply 
Nordheim,  a  town  of  Saxe-Weimar,  25  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Eisenach.     Pop.  1527. 

Kaltenstein,  a  village  of  Hungary.    See  Level. 

Kalten-Sundheim,  kirten-sSonVhlrae,  a  village  of 
Saxe-Weimar,  3  miles  S.  of  Kalten-Nordheim.     Pop.  968. 

Kaltenwesten,  kai'ten-\v-agHen,  a  village  of  Wiirtem- 
berg,  19  miles  N.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1462. 

Kalterherberg,  kll't^r-hJu^bfiRG,  a  village  of  Rhen- 
ish Prussia,  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Aix-la-Chapelle.    Pop.  1400. 

Kalterii,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Caldaro. 

Kaluga,  government  and  town,  Russia.    See  Kalooga. 

Kaluganga,  kiMoo-gun'ga,  or  Ka'lo-Gun'ga,  a 
river  of  Ceylon,  reaching  the  sea  at  Caltura.  It  is  boat- 
able  40  miles. 

Kalumull^,  ka-loo-mQl'li,  a  small  town  of  Ceylon, 
about  4  miles  S.  of  Caltura.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Kaluschin,  or  Kaluszyn,  ki-loo-shcen',  a  town  of 
Poland,  33  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Warsaw.     Pop.  7246. 

Kalusz,  ki'loosh,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  28  miles 
S.E.  of  Stry.     It  has  salt-works.     Pop.  6060. 

Kalutara,  a  town  of  Ceylon.     See  Caltura. 

Kalvorde,  kll'voRM^h,  a  village  of  Germany,  capital 
of  a  detached  territory,  grand  duchy  and  34  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Brunswick.     Pop.  2092. 

Kalw,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Calw. 

Kalwarya,  kil-*l're -d,  or  Kalwary,  kil-M'ree,  a 
town  of  Poland,  government  and  24  miles  N.E.  of  Suwalki. 
Pop.  9420.     It  has  manufactures  of  leather. 


Kalyasin,  or  Kaljasin,  kll-yds'ln,  a  town  of  Rus- 
sia, government  and  70  miles  E.N.E.  of  'Tver.     Pop.  7167. 

Kalymno,  an  island  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Kahmno. 

Kalyoob,  a  town  of  Egypt.     See  Galyoob. 

Kalyoobeyeh,  Egypt.     See  Galyoobeeveh. 

Kalyvia,  orKalybea,kl-le-vee'i,  a  village  of  Greece, 
in  Boeotia,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Arakhova. 

Kam,  a  post-office  of  Gage  co..  Neb. 

Kama,  ki'md,  a  river  of  European  Russia,  rises  in  the 
government  of  Viatka,  N.E.  of  Glazow,  flows  through  the 
government  of  Perm,  and  S.W,  between  Viatka  and  Oren- 
boorg,  joining  the  Volga  40  miles  S.  of  Kazan,  after  a  course 
estimated  at  1400  miles.  One  of  its  aflJuents  is  connected 
with  an  affluent  of  the  Dwina  by  a  canal  12  miles  in 
length ;  and  it  forms  an  important  line  of  traffic  between 
.the  countries  of  the  south  and  those  around  the  White  Sea. 

Ka'ma,  or  Koo'ner,  a  river  of  Central  Asia,  joins 
the  Cabool  River  in  Afghanistan,  10  miles  E.  of  Jelalabad, 
after  a  S.AV.  course  of  220  miles  through  Chitral  and 
Kafiristan. 

Kama,  a  town  of  British  Burmah,  in  Pegu.    Pop.  3404. 

Kamai,  ka-mi',  a  post-office  of  Idaho  co.,  Idaho. 

Kamak,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey.    See  Kesiakh. 

Kamakoora,  Kamakoura,  or  Kamakura,  k&- 
mi-koo'ri,  a  small  island  of  Jaj)an,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  the 
island  of  Hondo. 

Kamal,  ki-mil',  a  town  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  on 
the  S.AV.  coast  of  the  island  of  Madura,  with  a  good  haven. 

Kamalia,  a  town  of  India.    See  Kot-Kamalia. 

Kamalia,  kd-mi'lee^A,  a  town  of  Senegambia,  in  the 
Mandingo  country.     Lat.  12°  47'  N. 

Kamaran,  or  Camaran,  ki-mi-rin',  an  island  off 
the  W.  coast  of  Arabia,  20  miles  S.  of  Loheia,  in  a  bay  of 
the  Red  Sea.     Length,  13  miles. 

Kamas,  ki'mas,  a  post-village  of  Summit  co.,  Utah,  27 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Echo  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Kamba'Iia,  Seraia,  or  Serryah,  s?r-i'ya,  a  town, 
with  an  excellent  port,  in  Kattywar,  India,  on  the  S.  shore 
of  the  Gulf  of  Cutch. 

Kambalu,  China.    Sec  Cambaluc. 

Kambangan,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Kembangan. 

Kambara,  kim-bS,'r4,  one  of  tho  Feejee  Islands.  Lat. 
(S.  point)  18°  56'  S.;  Ion.  178°  52'  W. 

Kambay,  a  town  of  India.     See  Cambay. 

Kamberg,  kim'biiiG,  a  town  of  Prussia,  22  miles  E, 
of  Nassau.     Pop.  2159. 

Kambing,  or  Kambong,  island.    See  Cambing. 

Kamboja,  Indo-China.     See  Cambodia. 

Kamburg,  or  Camburg,  kim'boouG,  a  town  of  Ger- 
many, in  Saxe-Meiningen,  on  the  Saale,  17  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Weimar.     Pop.  1964. 

Kambnri,  a  town  of  Siam.    Seo  Camboorie. 

Kamchatka,  Kamtchatka,  or  Kamtschatka, 
kim-chit'ka,  a  ])eninsula  in  the  N.E.  of  Asia,  attached  to 
the  Russian  government  of  Primorsk.  It  extends  between 
lat.  51°  and  59°  55'  N.  and  Ion.  155°  40'  and  164°  20'  E., 
bounded  E.  by  the  Sea  of  Kamchatka,  S.  by  the  Pacific,  W. 
by  the  Sea  of  Okhotsk,  and  N.  by  the  country  of  the  Chook- 
chees.  Length,  850  miles;  breadth  very  irregular, — in  the 
middle  and  widest  part,  280  miles,  in  the  N.  it  varies  from 
150  to  80  miles,  while  in  the  S.  it  narrows  rapidly,  termi- 
nating in  a  long  and  narrow  tongue  of  land,  which  forms 
Cape  Lopatka.  Pop.  estimated  at  6000,  of  whom  1600  are 
Russians.  Capital,  Petropaulovski,  on  the  E.  coast.  The 
surface  is  flat  in  the  N.E.,  on  all  the  AV.  coast  except  at  the 
S.  point,  and  in  the  centre.  The  E.  coasts  are  deeply  in- 
dented; on  the  S.  they  are  steep  and  bold.  The  S.  part 
of  the  peninsula  is  covered  with  detached  volcanic  moun- 
tains, several  of  which  rise  to  a  height  of  10,000  feet.  At 
lat.  54°,  a  range  of  low  mountains  breaks  from  the  S.  group, 
and  extends  N.  throughout  the  peninsula,  at  a  distance  of 
65  miles  from  the  W.  coast,  while  a  high  range  extends  N.E. 
to  lat.  57°  N.  In  this  range  (lat.  56°  8'  N.)  is  situated  the 
culminating  point  of  the  peninsula,  Kluchcvskaia  volcano, 
16,512  feet  in  elevation.  The  chief  river  is  the  Kamchatka, 
which  rises  in  lat.  54°  N.,  and  flows  northerly  through  the 
central  valley  and  E.  through  the  mountain-range  to  the 
Eastern  Sea,  in  lat.  56°.  Length,  250  miles;  chief  affluent, 
the  Yelovka  (Jelowka),  from  the  N.  The  principal  lake  is 
the  Kooril,  near  the  S.W.  point;  length,  20  miles,  breadth, 
12  miles.  The  climate  is  very  severe ;  winter  lasts  9  months, 
and  frost  is  common  even  in  summer.  At  Petropaulovski, 
on  the  E.  coast,  the  mean  annual  temperature  is  only  28° 
30',  whereas  that  of  Tigil,  on  the  W.,  is  43°  Fahrenheit. 
On  an  average  of  four  years,  the  temperature  of  the  former 
was,  for  spring,  31.5°;  summer,  55.5°;  harvest,  37.6°, 
and  winter,  19°.    In  very  severe  frost  the  temperature  falls 


«AM 


1528 


KAN 


fnr  bolow  this  winter  avemge.  On  the  Kiiinohatka  River, 
in  tho  interior,  whore  prutootoil  by  muuiitiiinH,  tlio  climate 
is  wilder ;  here  the  l»roh  grows,  and  small  quantities  uf 
rye,  burluy,  and  pot-horbs  are  enltivivtod.  Tiio  soauty  popu- 
latiun  live  chietly  on  tho  prodiiuu  of  hunting  and  litihinjf. 
Among  tho  wild  animals  arc  reindeer,  sboup,  boiirs,  ottcr», 
and  boavera.  The  export  of  goods  is  conducted  on  sledges 
drawn  by  dogs.  The  exports  comprise  sable-,  fox-,  and 
other  Bkim,  whale  oil,  flsh,  and  eggs.  The  im|)urts  are  rice, 
fliiiir,  culuniul  goods,  and  spirits.  The  trade  is  chiefly  with 
Okhotsk.     Kamchatka  was  discovered  and  conquered  by 

tho  llusi»ians  between   10U6  and   1700. Adj.  and  iuhab. 

Iv.vmoiiat'ka.v  and  Kam'ohadalb'. 

Kiiinccr,  Kaniir,  k&'moor',  Cnni^iiiccr%  or  Kha- 
niir,  n  tu\rn  of  Torsia,  on  the  I'orsian  Uulf,  opposite  the 
is^land  of  Kishra.     Lat.  27°  0'  N.;  Ion.  5J°  40'  B. 

Kiimnlf  k&-mdl',  a  village  of  Africiv,  in  Foota-Damga, 
on  the  Scncfjal.     Lat.  15°  ^2'  N.;  Ion.  12°  55'  W. 

Kunieii,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Camkx. 

Kiiinenctz,  or  KnmciieiS,  Russia.     See  Kauiexiec. 

Kaiuciiitz,  or  Kaincnicze,  a  town  of  Austria,  in 
Moravia,  11  miles  E.  of  Iglau.     Pop.  1745. 

Kamcnitz,  kA,'mdn-it.s\  or  Rnmcniczef  k&'mi- 
neot'sd,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  20  miles  IJ.S.K.  of  Tabor. 
Poj).  2200. 

Kamenitz,  or  Kamcnicic,  a  town  of  Hungary,  on 
the  Danube,  2  miles  S.W.  of  I'etorwardcin.     Pop.  1U50. 

Kamenitza,  ki-m.\-nit'si,  a  village  of  Greece,  in  the 
Morca,  on  the  Kamcnitza  llivor,  10  miles  S.VV.  of  Patras. 

Kaincnoi-Ostruv,  ki-mA-noi'-os-trov',  an  island  of 
Russia,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Neva,  in  tho  Gulf  of  Finland, 
with  un  imperial  summer  palace. 

Kaincnoi-08trov,an  island  of  Russia,  in  the  Caspian 
Sea,  near  Gooiiev,  in  the  government  of  Orcnboorg. 

liamcnskaya,  or  Kamenskaia,  k&-mdn-sk&.'y&,  a 
town  of  llussia,  75  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Novo-Cherkask. 

Kaincnskoc,  kil-m2n'sko-d.\  a  village  of  Asiatic  Rus- 
sia, province  of  Okhotsk,  near  the  Kamchatka  frontier.  It 
has  an  iui])oi-titnt  market. 

Kainciiskoi,  ki-mdn-gl<oi',  a  village  of  Asiatic  Rus- 
sia, government  of  Perm,  40  miles  S.  of  Kamishlov.  liere 
are  imperial  iron-works  and  a  cannon-foundry. 

Kamciiz,  a  town  of  Saxony.    See  Camenz. 

Kanict,  ilimalayas.    See  Idi  Ga.mi.v. 

Kamienicc,  kim-y6n'ydt.s\  written  also  Kainini- 
ct^,  Kamcuetz,  and  Kameiicz,  a  town  of  Russia, 
t-apital  of  Podolia,  on  the  Smotrisch,  2:55  miles  N.W.  of 
Olo.^sa.  Pop.  35,840.  It  is  tho  see  of  Greek  and  Catholic 
bishops,  and  has  a  theological  seminary,  a  gymnsisium,  and 
public  schools.  The  chief  cdiiice  is  the  cathedral  of  St. 
Peter  and  St.  Pawl. 

Kamil'che,  a  post-ofllico  of  Mason  co.,  Washington. 

Kainin,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Cammin. 

Kamionka  Strzumilo\va,ki-nie-on'ki  strzhoo-me- 
lo'wA,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  on  the  Bug,  27  miles  N.E. 
of  Weinberg.     Pop.  3802. 

Kaniir^  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Kameer. 

Kamishin,  or  Kamischyii,  k&-me-sbin'  or  ki-rae- 
sheeu',  a  town  of  Russia,  governuient  and  106  miles  S. S.W. 
of  Saratov,  on  the  Volga,  hero  joined  by  the  Kamishinka. 
Lat.  50°  5'  N. ;  Ion.  45°  20'  E.  It  was  founded  by  Peter 
the  Gi'eat  in  1710,  and  is  enclosed  by  a  wall.    Pop.  15,698. 

Kamishlov,  Kamyschlow,  ki-mish-lov',  or  Ka- 
tuuschlov,  k&-moosh-lov',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia,  in 
Perm.  65  miles  N.W.  of  Sh.adrinsk.     Pop.  2164. 

Kam'loops,  a  trading-post  in  the  district  of  Yalo, 
British  Columbia,  233  miles  from  New  Westminster,  be- 
longing to  the  Hudson  Bay  Company. 

Kainm,  kimm,  a  village  of  West  Africa,  in  Wallo,  on 
the  Senegal.     Lat.  16°  28'  N.;  Ion.  16°  12'  W. 

Kainmcnoi-Ostrov,  Russia.    See  Kamknoi-Ostrov. 

Kam'merer,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washingtun  co..  Pa.,  7 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Monongahela  City.  It  has  3  churches 
and  a  flnur-mill. 

Kammersce,  Austria.    See  Attkuske. 

Kiiinmerswaldau,  klm'm^rs-ftiPdow,  a  village  of 
Prussian  Silesia,  government  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  1295. 

Kamnig,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Stkim. 

Kainnitz,  klm'nits,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  27  miles  N.X.E. 
of  Leitmeritz.  It  has  manufactures  of  glass,  paper,  and 
cotton.     Pop.  3841. 

Kamorta,  one  of  the  Nicobar  Islands.    See  Camorta, 

Kamouraska,  k&-moo-ras'ka,  a  county  of  the  prov- 
ince of  Quebec,  bounded  N.  by  the  St.  Lawrence,  and 
watered  by  the  Walloostook,  Kamouraska,  and  St.  Francis 
Rivers.  Area,  10  IS  square  miles.  Capital,  Kamouraska. 
Pop.  21,254. 


Kamouraska,  a  post-village  of  Quebec,  capital  of  th» 
CO.  of  Kamouraskiv,  on  tho  St.  Lawrence,  44  miles  from  St, 
Paschal,  nnd  00  miles  N.E.  of  Quebec.  It  is  much  frequented 
during  the  summer  months  for  its  fine  sea-bathing.  It  con- 
tains  a  convent  and  several  stores.     Pop.  707. 

Kamouraska,  a  group  of  small  rocky  islets  of  Quebeo, 
in  the  St.  Lawrence,  opposite  tho  mouth  of  tho  Kamon- 
raska  River. 

Kamouraska  River,  of  Quebec,  flows  N.N.W. 
through  a  county  of  the  same  name,  and  falls  into  the  St 
Lawrence  about  lat.  47°  33'  N.,  Ion.  69°  r.i'  W. 

Kamp,  Netherlands.    See  Cami-kudciix. 

Kampen,  k&m'p^n,  a  town  of  tho  Netherlands,  in 
Overyssel,  on  the  Yssel,  near  its  mouth  in  tho  Zuyder  Zee, 
9  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Zwolle.  It  has  remains  of  its 
formerdefences,  and  is  intersected  by  sundry  canals.  Amung 
its  buildings  are  an  elegant  town  house,  a  custom-house, 
churches,  hospitals,  and  schools.  Anciently  it  was  one  (if 
tho  most  flourishing  of  the  Hanse  towns;  ami  it  still  has 
a  good  triule.  Its  manufactures  comprise  damask,  calico, 
plush,  blankets,  ropes,  earthenware,  scythes,  tiles,  bricks, 
spirits,  Ac.     Pop.  15,114. 

Kampc.«i'ka,  a  post-vilLage  of  Codington  co.,  S.D.,  on 
L.ike  Ivamposka,  8  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Watertown.  It  bu 
a  church,  a  cheese- factory,  a  flour-mill,  and  an  elevator. 
Lake  Kampeska  is  15  miles  in  circuit. 

Kamps'ville,  a  post-oflice  of  Calhoun  co..  III.,  on  the 
Illinois  Uiver,  12  miles  S.  of  Pearl  Depot. 

Kamp'tee,  Kamp'ta,  or  Kam'tce,  a  town  of  India, 
district  and  9  miles  M.E.  of  Nagpoor.  It  has  important 
cantonments  and  a  large  trade.     Pop.  50,930. 

Kampveer,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Veer. 

Kurarup,  India.    See  Camroop. 

Kamtchatka,  Asia.    See  Kamcbatka. 

Kaniusciilov,  or  Kamyschlow.    See  Kamishi-ov. 

Ka^iab',  a  post-village  of  Knne  co.,  Utah,  200  miles 
from  York  Station.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam  saw-mill,  a 
flour-mill,  anil  a  tannery.     Pop.  about  500. 

Kan^abec',  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Minnesota,  has 
an  area  of  522  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Snake 
River,  and  is  drained  by  Grindstone  and  Knife  Rivers. 
The  surface  is  uneven,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  for- 
ests of  pine,  sugar-maple,  <fec.  Tho  soil  produces  whent, 
oats,  and  grass.  The  Great  Northern  Railway  traverses  this 
county.    Capital,  Mora.    Pop.  in  1880,  505;  in  1S90,  1579. 

Kanadei,  Vk-ai-dk'eo,  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  88  miles  S.W.  of  Simbeersk,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Volga. 

Kaiiaga,  k4-nil'g&,  or  Konniaga,  kon-ne-&'g&,  one 
of  the  Aleutian  Islands,  in  lat.  62°  4'  N.,  Ion.  176°  50'  W., 
about  22  miles  long  and  11  or  12  miles  wide.  The  N.  part 
of  the  island  exhibits  a  high  volcano. 

Kanagawa,  ki-ni-gi'wi,  a  town  of  Japan,  on  the  W. 
side  of  the  Bay  of  Tokio,  and  on  the  railway  from  Tokio 
to  Yokohama,  15  miles  S.  of  Tokio,  and  3  miles  N.  of 
Yokohama,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  a  lagoon.  It 
has  a  fort  and  barracks,  and  is  nominally  one  of  the  treaty- 
ports  of  Japan;  but  Yokohama  is  the  real  seat  of  its  com- 
merce, and  since  the  rise  of  the  last-named  town  Kanagawa 
has  declined  in  importance.     Pop.  4000. 

Kanala,  New  Caledonia.    See  Canala. 

Kanar,  a  river  of  India.    See  Gocora. 

Kanara,  India.  See  North  Can  ara  and  South  Canaha. 

Kanarak,  ki-nd,-rik',  or  Kunnaruc,  kun-ni-ruk' 
(the  "  black  pagoda"),  an  ancient  maritime  village  of 
British  India,  45  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cuttack.  Here  are  the 
splendid  ruins  of  a  large  Hindoo  temple,  long  deserted. 

Kanaran'zic,  a  township  of  Rock  co.,  Minn.     P.  152. 

Kauarische  Insein,  the  German  for  the  Ca.varies. 

Kaiiar'raville,  a  post-oftice  of  Kane  co.,  Utah. 

Kanary  (ki-ni'ree)  Isles,  a  cluster  of  small  islands 
in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean,  at  the  S.  entrance  to  the  Gilolo 
Pa.ssage.  The  larger,  or  Grand  Kanary,  is  in  lat.  1°  48'  S., 
Ion.  129°  34'  E. 

Kanathia,  ki-ni'the-!l,  one  of  the  most  E.  of  the 
Feejeo  Islands.  Lat.  17°  15'  S. ;  Ion.  179°  9'  W.  It  is  from 
3  to  4  miles  in  length. 

Kanauj,  India.    See  Kanoje. 

Kanawha,  ka-naw'wa,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of 
West  Virginia,  has  an  area  of  about  825  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Great  Kanawha  River,  and  is  also 
drained  by  the  Coal,  Elk,  and  Pocotalico  Rivers.  The 
surface  is  hilly,  is  partly  covered  with  extensive  forests, 
and  presents  beautiful  scenery.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  oats,  grass,  tobacco,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products,  and  salt  is  the  chief  article  of  export.  This 
county  has  valuable  mines  of  bituminous  coal.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Ches.apeake  &  Ohio  and  Ohio  Central  Rail- 


KAN 


1529 


KAN 


!  roads.    Capital,  Charleston.    Pop.  in  1 870,  22,349 ;  in  1880, 
j  32, -466;  in  isyo,  42,766. 

j     Kanawha,  a  post-hamlet  of  Colusa  co..  Gal.,  6  miles 
from  Willow  Station. 
Kanawha  Coiirt-House,  W.  Va.   See  Chari,esto\. 
Kanawha  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  W.  Va., 
jion  the  Kanawha  River,  about  2  miles  below  the  mouth  of 
'the  Gauley.     It  has  a  church  and  a  steam  saw-mill.    Here 
is  a  station  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  36  miles 
S.E.  of  Charleston. 
Kanawha  Head,  a  post-oflSce  of  Upshur  co.,  W.  Va. 
Kanawha  River.     See  Great  Kanawha. 
!     Kanawha  Saline,  a  post-village  of  Kanawha  co., 
iW.  Va.,  on  the  Kanawha  River,  6  miles  above  Charleston, 
land  at  Alden  Station  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad, 
jit  has  large  salt-works,  a  coal-mine,  and  4  churches. 
j    Kanawha   Station,  a    post-hamlet    of   Wood  co., 
Iw.  Va.,  on  the  Little  Kanawha  River,  and  on  the  Dalti- 
*more  A  Ohio  Railroad,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Parkersburg. 
Kanayanur,  a  town  of  India.     See  Canaxore. 
Kanayawa,  a  city  of  Japan.     See  Kanagawa. 
j     Kanchain-Gunga,  Asia.    See  Kunchain-Junga. 
I     Kan-Choo,  or  Kan-Tchou,  kin^-choo',  written  also 
Kan-Chow,orKan-Tcheou-Fou,kin^-chd-oo^-foo', 
a  city  of  China,  province  of  Kan-Soo,  near  the  N.W.  fron- 
tier and  the  Great  Wall.    Lat.  39°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  100°  40'  E. 
It  has  manufactures  of  woollens.      It  corresponds  to  the 
Kampion  of  Marco  Polo. 

Kan-Choo,  or  Kan-Tchon,  a  city  of  China,  prov- 
ince of  Kiang-See,  on  the  Kan-Kiang  River.  Lat.  25°  52' 
43"  N. ;  Ion.  114°  50'  E.  It  is  strongly  fortified,  well 
built,  and  has  several  temples,  with  manufactures  of  ink 
and  varnish,  and  an  e.\tensive  trade. 

Kan-Chow,k3,n^-chow',  orKan-Tcheon,kAn^-ch8- 
oo',  a  seaport  town  of  China,  province  of  Shan-Toong,  on  a 
small  river,  ne.ar  the  Yellow  Sea. 

Kandaboo,  Kandabou,  kinMi-boo',  or  Kanta- 
vn,  kS,n-tS,-voo',  the  most  S.W.  of  the  Feejee  Islands.  Lat. 
19°  5'  S.;  Ion.  177°  57'  W.  It  is  25  miles  long,  and  moun- 
tainous.    Pop.  10,000. 

Kandah,  k3,n'di,  a  town  of  Beloochistan,  province  of 
Cuteh  Gundava,  23  miles  E.  of  Gundava. 
Kandahar,  a  city  of  Afghanistan.    See  Candahar. 
Kandalaska  Gulf.    See  Gulf  of  Kandalaska. 
Kandel,  k3,n'del,  a  mountain-peak  of  the  Black  Forest, 
In  the  grand  duchy  of  Baden.     Height,  4160  feet. 

Kandel,  Candel,  kin'd^l,  or  Langen-Kandel, 
ling'?n-kin'd§l,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Bavaria,  10  miles  S.E. 
of  Landau,  on  the  DUrbach.     Pop.  3058. 

Kandern,  kin'd^m,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Baden, 
21  miles  S.W.  of  Freiburg.     Pop.  1396. 

Kandhar,  kin-dar',  a  town  of  the  Boglipoor  district, 
Bengal.     Pop.  10,502. 

Kandia,  kin'de-a,  a  town  of  India,  North-AVest  Prov- 
inces, Meerut  division.     Pop.  11,969. 

Kandili,  kin'de-leo\  a  village  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the 
■hore  of  the  Bosporus,  near  Scutari,  is  remarkable  for  its 
picturesque  views. 
Kandiyohi,  kan-de-yo'he,  a  county  in  the  W.  central 

fart  of  Minnesota,  has  an  area  of  about  860  square  miles, 
t  is  partly  drained  by  the  South  Fork  of  the  Crow  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  forests  of 
oak,  elm,  &e.,  and  numerous  small  lakes,  one  of  which  is 
called  Kandiyohi.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  hay, 
Ac,  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
two  branches  of  the  Great  Northern  Railroad,  with  a  junc- 
tion at  Willmar,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  1760;  in  1875, 
8083;  in  1880,  10,159;  in  1890,  13,997. 

Kandiyohi,  township.  Kandiyohi  co.,  Minn.   Pop.  841. 

Kandiyohi  Lake,  Minnesota,  is  in  the  county  of  the 
same  name,  about  7  miles  S.E.  of  Willmar.  It  is  nearly  6 
miles  long.     It  has  no  visible  outlet. 

Kandiyohi  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kandiyohi  co., 
Minn.,  on  or  near  a  lake  of  the  same  name,  in  Kandi- 
yohi township,  on  the  St.  Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad,  88  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  Minneapolis.     Pop.  of  township,  841. 

Kando'ta,  a  township  of  Todd  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  211. 

Kanduga,  a  river  of  Siberia.     See  Khandiitcha. 

Kan'dy,  or  Jamu-Kandi,  jiim'moo-k4n'dee,  a  town 
of  Bengal,  district  of  Moorshedabad,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Ber- 
hampoor.     It  is  a  place  of  pilgrimage.     Pop.  12,016. 

Kandy,  or  Candy,  kin'deo  (Singalese,  Maha  Nnwara, 
"great  city"),  a  town  of  Ceylon,  formerly  the  capital  of  the 
)  kingdom,  near  the  centre  of  the  island,  on  the  banks  of  an 
artificial  lake,  75  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Colombo,  and  1676 
feet  above  the  sea.  It  stands  in  an  amphitheatre  of  beau- 
tifallr  wooded  hills.  It  contains  the  residence  of  the  BritisU 
97 


governor  the  king's  palace  and  buildings  connected  with 
it,  now  used  as  government  offices,  the  Booddhist  temple  of 
Dalada  Malagawa,  the  medical  hall  and  post-office,  the  jail, 
barracks,  banks,  several  mission  churches,  and  the  military 
magazine,  situated  in  the  middle  of  the  lake.  In  the  im- 
mediate vicinity  of  the  town  is  the  cemetery  where  were 
deposited  through  many  generations  a  long  line  of  native 
kings  and  heroes.  The  lake  is  a  beautiful  sheet  of  water, 
adding  much  to  the  appearance  of  the  town.  Bricks  and 
tiles  are  made,  and  there  is  a  very  extensive  brick-kiln 
kept  at  work  by  the  government,  elephants  being  employed 
to  tread  the  clay.     Pop.  17,406. 

Kandyan  or  Candyan  (kin'de-an)  Provinces,  a 
general  appellation  for  such  districts  in  the  interior  of  Cey- 
lon as  were  formerly  under  the  kings  of  Kandy. 

Kane,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an  area 
of  540  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Fox  or  Pish- 
taka  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the  Kishwaukee  River, 
which  rises  in  it.  The  surface  is  undulating.  'The  soil  is 
very  fertile.  A  large  portion  of  the  county  is  prairie. 
Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  wheat,  butter,  ilax,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  Silurian  (Niagara)  limestone  of  good 
quality  underlies  the  soil.  This  county  contixins  the  cities 
of  Aurora  and  Elgin.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  & 
Northwestern  Railroad,  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quinoy 
Railroad,  and  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  with  their 
several  branches.  Capital,  Geneva.  Pop.  in  1870,  39,091 ; 
in  1880,  44,939;  in  1890,  65,061. 

Kane,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Utah,  bordering  on 
Arizona,  has  an  area  of  4172  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Colorado  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Rio  San 
Juan.  The  surface  is  partly  mountainous.  The  soil  is 
partly  fertile.  It  produces  wheat,  Indian  corn,  and  pas- 
ture for  sheep.  Capital,  Kanab.  Pop.  in  1870,  1513;  in 
1880,  3085;  in  1890  (area  reduced),  1685. 

Kane,  a  post- village  of  Greene  co..  111.,  in  Kane  town- 
ship, on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  25  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Alton.  It  has  a  fine  masonic  hall,  2  churches,  2  banks,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  flour  and  ploughs. 
Pop.  about  600 ;  of  the  township,  957. 

Kane,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  836. 

Kane,  a  township  of  Pottawattamie  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
1340,  exclusive  of  Council  Bluffs. 

Kane,  a  post-office  of  Campbell  co.,  Ky. 

Kane,  a  post-village  of  McKean  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Phils^- 
delphia  &  Erie  Railroad,  95  miles  E.S.E.  of  Erie.  Hero  are 
repair-shops  of  the  railroad.  It  has  2  churches,  2  saw- 
mills, and  a  fine  hotel,  and  is  a  summer  resort 

Kane  Ba'sin,  a  broad  and  deep  bay  of  Northwest 
Greenland,  formed  by  Smith's  Sound  indenting  Hayes  Pen- 
insula.    Lat.  77°  to  81°  N. ;  Ion.  64°  to  73°  W. 

Kane  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Venango  co..  Pa.,  near 
Oil  Creek,  about  5  miles  N.  of  Oil  City.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  graded  school.     Here  is  an  oil-well. 

Kanev,  or  Kanew,  ki-ndv',  a  town  of  Russia,  64 
miles  S.E.  of  Kiev,  on  the  Dnieper.     Pop.  7418. 

Kaneville,  kan'vll,  a  post-village  of  Kane  co..  111.,  in 
Kaneville  township,  about  48  miles  AV.  of  Chicago,  and  12 
miles  W.N.AV.  of  Aurora.     Pop.  of  the  township,  999. 

Kangaroo  (kangVa-roo')  Island,  a  large  island  of 
South  Australia.  Lat.  36°  S. ;  Ion.  137°  E.  Estimated  area, 
1970  square  miles.  The  shores  are  greatly  indented  and 
abrupt;  its  rounded  hills  are  covered  with  a  thick  scrub, 
and  it  abounds  with  shallow  salt  lakes.  It  is  visited  by 
whale-  and  seal-fishers.     Pop.  287. 

Kangelung,  king^g§-lung',  Kangelang,  king^g^j- 
l&ng',  or  Cangayang,  king^gi-ying',  an  island  in  the 
Java  Sea.  Lat.  (N.W.  point)  6°  50'  S.;  Ion.  115°  13'  E. 
It  is  of  irregular  form,  25  miles  long  and  8  miles  broad. 
Pop.  1500. 

Kangher,  a  town  of  Sinde.    See  Jacobabad. 

Kang-Kao,  a  town  of  India.    See  Cancao. 

Kangozima,  Japan.    See  Cangozima. 

Kangra,  or  Kote-  (Kot-)  Kangra,  kot-kin'grJl,  a 
town  of  India,  capital  of  the  Kangra  district,  120  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Lahore.     Pop.  45,607. 

Kangra,  a  district  in  the  Jullinder  division  of  the 
Punjab,  lat.  31°  25'-32°  30'  N.,  Ion.  75°  35'-77°  E.,  trav- 
ersed by  the  Beas  and  by  ridges  of  the  Himalayas.  Area, 
8762  square  miles.     Capital,  Kangra.     Pop.  743,882. 

Kangtoya,  a  Hindoo  name  for  Cutwa. 

Kania,  ki'nee^a,  a  town  of  West  Africa,  N.E.  of  Sierra 
Leone.     Lat.  9°  5'  N. ;  Ion.  11°  9'  W. 

Kanin,  k3.-neen',  Kaniniska,  kfl-nee-nis'k&,  or  Ka> 
niskaya  Zemlia,  kd-nees-ki'd.  zem'le-d,  a  large  barren 
island  of  Russia,  in  the  Arctic  Ocean,  between  the  Gulf  of 
Cbeskaya  and  the  White  Sea 


KAN 


1530 


KAN 


Kaaisa,  Kit,  kUh  k5h'noe'«h«h'  (•.«., "  LUUe  Kani«a"), 
Ik  toira  of  llungary,  on  the  TboiM,  14  miles  S.  ot  Szegedin. 
Pop.  38U7. 

Kanisat  Nxar,  ndJj  kdh'nee'sbSh'  (i.e.,  "Great  Ka- 
Biu"),  a  town  of  Hungary,  formerly  an  important  fortress, 
00.  of  SsiUad,  about  13U  miles  by  mil  S.  by  £.  of  Vienna. 
It  has  a  oolloge,  a  hospitul,  and  manufactures  of  spirits, 
tilM,  <to.     Pop.  II.  128. 

Kankai,  k&n-ki',  or  Conki,  kon-kl',  a  river  of  India, 
■aid  to  rise  in  Thibet.  It  traverses  Ncpaul,  and  joins  the 
Mtihananda  20  miles  E.  of  I'urneah.  It  is  navigable  for  a 
oonsidonvblo  distiinee. 

Kankakee,  kang'k%-koe',  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of 
Illinois,  borders  on  Indinna.  Area,  about  680  tquare  miles. 
It  is  interceotod  by  the  Kankakee  llivor,  and  is  also 
drained  by  the  Iroquois  River.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Oats, 
Indian  corn,  hay,  wheat,  butter,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Limestone  underlies  a  part  of  the  soil. 
The  greater  part  of  this  county  is  prairio.  It  is  traversed 
by  the  Illinois  Central  Ilailruud  (Chicago  diviKion)  and 
several  other  lines.  Capital,  Kankakee.  Pop.  in  1870, 
24,.S52;  in  1880,  25,047;  in  1890,  28,732. 

Kankakee*  a  city,  the  capital  of  Kankakee  oo.,  III., 
in  Kankakee  township,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  56 
miles  S.S.W,  of  Chicago,  and  75  miles  N.W.  of  Lafayette, 
Ind.  It  is  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  at  its  junction 
with  other  main  lines.  It  contains  13  churches,  a  court- 
house, 2  national  banks,  1  other  bank,  2  foundries,  a  flour- 
mill,  an  oil-mill,  2  quarries  of  good  limestone,  3  carriage- 
factories,  6  furniture-factories,  a  shoe-factory,  a  horse-nail 
mill,  a  paper-mill,  railroad-shops,  a  planing-mill,  and 
printing-oSices  which  issue  2  daily  and  3  weekly  news- 
papers. It  is  the  seat  of  the  Eastern  Illinois  Hospital  for 
the  Insane,  erected  at  a  cost  of  $2,000,000,  havipg  500  em- 
ploy6s,  and  accommodations  for  2000  patients.  The  city 
has  electric  lights,  electric  street-cars,  and  wuter-works. 
Pop.  in  1890,  9025;  of  the  township,  9285. 

Kankakee,  a  station  in  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  Railroad,  and  near  the 
Kankakee  River,  3  miles  S.  of  La  Crosse. 

Kankakee,  a  township  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.     P.  1166. 

Kankakee,  a  station  of  Starke  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Kan- 
kakee Kiver,  and  on  the  New  York,  Lake  Erie  &  Western 
Railroad,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Michigan  City. 

Kankakee  River  rises  near  South  Bend,  in  the  N. 
part  of  Indiana,  and  runs  first  southwestward.  It  forms 
the  boundary  between  the  counties  of  La  Porte,  Porter,  and 
Lake  on  the  right,  and  Starke,  Jasper,  and  Newton  on  the 
left.  It  next  runs  W.  into  the  state  of  Illinois,  and  inter- 
sects Kankakee  co.,  from  which  it  flows  N.W.  through  AVill 
CO.  and  unites  with  the  Des  Plaincs  River  to  form  the  Illi- 
nois.    It  is  a  sluggish  stream,  about  230  miles  long. 

Kankakee  Siding,  in  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.,  is  on  the 
Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  near  the  Kankakee  River,  2 
miles  W.  of  Walkerton,  and  70  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Chicago. 

Kankan,  kdn-kiln',  a  town  of  Senegambia,  capital  of  a 
sUUe  in  the  country  of  Sangara.     Pop.  6000. 

Kankaree,  kin'ki-ree^,  Changeri,  kin'gi-reeS  or 
Kankiri,  k4n'ke-reo^  (anc.  Gan'gra?),  a  town  of  Asiatic 
Turkey.  Lat.  40°  56'  N.;  Ion.  34°  5'  E.  It  contains 
.  about  3000  houses,  8  large  and  several  small  mosques,  6 
khans,  and  4  public  baths.  There  is  a  castle  on  a  height 
close  by,  a  barrack,  and  a  singular  Mohammedan  building, 
called  the  Mejid  Tash.     Pop.  18,000. 

Kan'ker,  a  native  state  of  India,  Central  Provinces, 
Area,  1000  square  miles.     Pop.  43,552. 

Kankerowly,  kink'^r-Ow'lee,  a  town  of  India,  32  miles 
from  Odeypoor. 

Kankhul,  k&nk'iir  (?),a  town  of  British  India,  on  the 
Ganges,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Hurdwar. 

Kan«Kiang,  k4n-ke-ing',  a  river  of  China,  forming  a 
part  of  its  great  internal  line  of  navigation,  flows  through- 
out the  province  of  Kiang-Sce  from  S.  to  N.,  traverses  the 
lake  Po-Yang,  and  joins  the  Yang-tse-Kiang,  after  a  course 
estimated  at  350  miles. 

Kankiri,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Kankaree. 

Kannstadt,  a  town  of  WUrtemberg.    See  Canhstadt. 

Kano,  kd'no',  a  town  of  Africa,  capital  of  a  province 
in  Saccatoo,  about  lat.  12°  N.,  Ion.  9°  E.  Pop.  30,000.  It 
is  built  in  the  Moorish  style,  and  has  an  e.\tensive  trade,  and 
manufactures  of  silks,  blue  cottons,  Ac. 

Kanoje,  ki-noj',  or  Knnnoge,  kfin-noj'  (Hindoo, 
Kniiyucahja),  also  called  KunnouJ,  Konnoj,  Ca- 
nouge,  Kanatg,  ka-nowj',  and  Kunnaj,  a  town  of 
India,  Furruckabod  district,  40  miles  N.  of  Cawnpoor,  on  the 
.  Kaliee-Nuddee,  near  the  Ganges.  It  is  now  much  decayed. 
Pop.  17,577. 


Kano'mic,  a  post-oflice  and  plantation  of  Rapides  p»r. 
ish.  La.,  If)  miles  S.  of  Alexamlria. 

Knno'na,  a  post-village  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Bath 
township,  on  the  Conhocton  River,  and  on  the  HochesUi 
division  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  4  miles  N.W,  of  Bath.    It  hnj 

I  or  2  churches,  2  steam  saw-mills,  a  tannery,  and  a  flour 
mill.     Pop.  190, 

Ka^nosh',  a  post-village  of  Millard  co.,  Utah,  about  70 
miles  S.W.  of  Manti 

Kano'sha  Pass,  Colorado,  a  depression  in  the  KanMlHi 
range,  has  an  elevation  of  about  10,200  feet.  Lat.  39°  25' 
N.;  Ion.  105°  45' 30"  W. 

Kanosha  Twin  Cones,  Colorado,  two  peaks  of  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  each  about  12,350  feet  above  the  sca-lovol. 
They  are  li  miles  apart.  The  Eastern  is  in  lat.  39°  24'  25" 
N.,  Ion,  105°  40'  45"  W.  The  Western  Cone  is  in  lat.  39o 
25'  45"  N,,  Ion.  105°  42'  W. 

Kanowra,  a  country  of  Africa,    See  BonNoo. 

Kanowta,  kl-nCw't4,  a  town  of  India,  dominions  and 

II  miles  S,W.  of  Jeypoor,     It  is  mostly  built  of  stone,  and 
has  several  Hindoo  temples, 

Kanp,  a  town  of  Boglipoor  district,  Bengal,    P.  3750, 

Kanpoo,  or  Kanpu,  China.    See  Canfoo. 

Kansakee,orKansaki,  kiln-sil'kee,  a  pretty  village 
of  Japan,  in  the  island  of  Kioo-Sioo.  It  has  about  lUOO 
houses. 

Kansas,  kan'zas,  a  state  of  the  American  Union,  bounded 
N.  by  Nebraska,  E.  by  Missouri,  S,  by  Indian  Territory, 
and  W,  by  Colorado,  Its  northern  line  is  the  40th  degre« 
of  N,  lat,;  its  eastern  limit  is  partly  the  Missouri  Rivcrund 
partly  the  meridian  of  94°  38'  \V. ;  the  southern  boundary  it 
on  the  line  of  the  37th  degree  of  N.  lat. ;  and  it  extendi 
westward  to  102°  W.  Ion.  Average  length,  400  miles; 
breadth,  200  miles ;  area,  82,080  square  miles.  In  this  itat« 
is  the  geographical  centre  of  the  United  States  domain, 
exclusive  of  Alaska. 

Face  of  the  Country. — The  elevation  of  the  extreme  N.W. 
is  4000  feet ;  that  of  the  extreme  S.W.  3425  feet ;  and  nearly 
the  whole  state  slopes  to  the  east  and  south,  with  the  average 
fall  of  7i  feet  to  the  mile.  The  surface  is  chiefly  a  gently 
rolling  prairie,  and  there  are  no  waterfalls  with  a  greater 
descent  than  7  feet,  and  few  mill-dams  can  bo  made  to  give 
as  much  as  10  feet  fall.  In  the  S.W.  there  are  tracts  of 
sand-hill  country  abounding  in  native  small  fruits.  There 
are  no  mountains,  no  marshes  of  any  extent  except  a  feir 
valuable  salt-marshes,  almost  no  sloughs,  and  only  a  few 
small  and  shallow  lakes  or  ponds.  The  ri vcr-bottomi 
throughout  most  of  the  state  contain  more  or  less  timber, 
including  ash,  elm,  hackberry,  cottonwood,  box-elder,  black 
walnut,  sycamore,  pecan,  4  kinds  of  oak,  hickory,  muU 
berry,  bass,  chicot,  maples,  and  other  species ;  but  the  western 
half  of  the  state  is  very  scantily  supplied ;  and  taken  as  a 
whole  barely  5  per  cent,  of  the  area  can  be  regarded  u 
forest-land. 

Geology  and  Minerals, — The  S.E.  of  Kansas  belongs  to  the 
middle  coal  measures  of  the  true  carboniferous  system  (area, 
10,000  square  miles).  The  counties  of  Cherokee,  Osage, 
Crawford,  Labette,  Bourbon,  Linn,  Ac,  contain  excellent 
coal,  fairly  abundant  and  readily  accessible.  The  Permian 
and  upper  carboniferous  measures  cover  the  surface  north- 
ward and  westward  and  occupy  one-fourth  of  the  area  of 
the  state.  In  the  upper  carboniferous  there  are  thin  vein* 
of  coal,  which  is  serviceable  as  a  local  fuel  and  is  mined  to 
some  extent  in  the  N.E.  In  the  N.W.  of  the  state  there  i» 
a  region  covered  by  pliocene  deposits  (6000  square  miles) 
abounding  in  mammalian  remains.  The  remainder  of  the 
state  is  mostly  of  cretaceous  age  (41,000  square  miles),  liit 
some  3000  square  miles  of  its  high  prairies  and  hills  are 
overlaid  by  patches  of  pliocene  strata.  The  (cretaceous) 
Niobrara  beds  abound  in  marvellous  relics  of  extinct  fishef, 
fish-like  birds,  Ac,  while  the  Dakota  group  (probably  creta- 
ceous) contains  much  lignite  and  fossil  wood.  The  western 
Kansas  lignite  is  very  useful  as  a  domestic  fuel,  but  has 
no  value  as  a  commercial  coal.  It  is  tolerably  abundant 
in  some  places,  but  generally  contains  a  large  amount  of 
ash,  water,  and  sulphur,  and  crumbles  in  frosty  weather. 
Other  minerals  of  economic  value  are  limestone,  gypsum, 
sandstone,  flagstones,  good  chalk  (in  the  W.),  lead,  zinc  (the 
latter  mined  and  smelted  at  several  points),  salt  (abundant 
in  the  salines  of  Kansas,  and  of  great  excellence),  fire-clay, 
ochre,  black  shales,  hydraulic  limestone,  Ac  The  total  coal 
product  for  1875  was  estimated  at  250,000  tons,  and  for  ISUO 
at  1,600,000  tons,  or  40,000,000  bushels  (oflicial  estimate). 

Rivers. — The  Missouri  forms  a  portion  of  the  eastern 
boundary,  and  is  an  important  commercial  higliway.  Four 
iron  railway  bridges  cross  it  and  connect  Kansas  with  the 
railroads  of  Missouri.     The  Kansas  River  has  been  nari- 


KAN 


1531 


KAN 


eated  as  far  as  Fort  Riley  by  steamers,  but  the  construction 
of  brido-os  and  dams  has  of  late  prevented  steara-navigation. 
The  Republican,  Solomon,  Saline,  Smoky  Hill,  Marais  des 
Cvenes,  Blue,  Neosho,  Arkansas,  and  Cimarron  are  the 
other  principal  streams.  Many  of  these,  as  well  as  their 
tributaries,  afford  water-power,  and  at  some  points  irriga- 
tion has  been  undertaken,  but  as  yet  not  on  a  large  scale. 

Veqelation,  Animal  Zi/e.— The  principal  trees  of  the  sUte 
have  been  already  named.  To  these  we  may  add  certain 
fruit-bearing  shrubs,  such  as  the  plum  and  cherry,  the 
former  of  which  is  locally  very  abundant  and  fruitful.  The 
native  grasses  of  all  parts  of  the  state  aflford  excellent  pas- 
turao-e,  which  endures  throughout  the  year.  Considerable 
plantations  of  trees  have  been  made:  the  locust,  ailanthus, 
two  species  of  eucalyptus,  and  the  more  rapidly-growing 
native  trees  are  favorites.  The  vast  plains  of  Kansas  were 
not  long  since  the  pasture-grounds  of  great  numbers  of 
bisons,  deer,  antelopes,  and  wild  horses,  but  of  these  very 
few,  if  any,  now  remain.  The  state  is  still  the  autumnal  re- 
Bort'of  many  sportsmen,  for  its  wild  lands  are  the  breeding- 
ground  of  countless  grouse  and  other  game-birds.  Some 
300  species  of  birds  are  known.  The  rivers  contain  some 
useful  food-fishes.  Twenty-five  species  have  been  taken  at 
Lawrence,  including  2  gar-pikes,  a  sturgeon,  2  paddle-fishes, 
6  percoids,  an  eel,  6  cat-fishes,  6  suckers,  and  the  river-her- 
ting.  Since  1867  the  state  Ims  had  several  visitations  of 
the^Rocky  Mountain  locust  or  hateful  grasshopper  (Ccdop- 
leiius  spretua).  Among  the  mammals  reported  are  the  pan- 
ther, lynx,  2  wolves,  4  foxes,  the  Texas  civet,  raccoon,  bear, 
3  deer,  opossum,  3  hares,  and  many  species  of  rodents  and 
other  small  vermin. 

Climaie. — The  winters  are  often  severe,  with  high  winds, 
but  the  air  is  so  dry  that  the  cold  is  easily  endured.  The 
snow-fall  is  slight,  especially  southward,  and  the  winter  is 
much  shorter  than  in  the  Northern  Atlantic  states.  In  the 
extreme  W.  the  rainfall  appears  to  be  scanty,  but  it  is  ordi- 
narily sufficient  for  a  pastoral  country.  The  E.  seldom  suf- 
fers from  drought, — probably  not  much  oftener  than  in  the 
East,— for  the  rainfall,  though  relatively  small,  is  quite  evenly 
distributed  throughout  the  year.  It  appears  also  that  the 
annual  rainfall  is  increasing  since  the  suto  has  begun  to  be 
thickly  settled.  The  S.  is  quite  within  the  cotton-belt,  and 
some  attention  has  been  paid  to  cotton-growing  in  the  S.E. 

Agricultural  Resourcets. — The  bottom-,  bench-,  and  table- 
lands of  Kansas  are  for  the  most  part  a  rich  black  loam  of 
the  highest  agricultural  excellence.  Winter  and  spring 
wheat,  maize,  rye,  oats,  and  potatoes  are  the  great  staples, 
and  large  crops  of  sorghum,  broom-corn,  hay,  hemp,  flax, 
flaxseed,  castor-beans,  tobacco,  <fcc.,  are  produced.  An  im- 
mense business  is  done  in  fattening  and  shipping  cattle, 
which  are  partly  native-bred  and  partly  driven  in  from 
Texas  and  the  Cherokee  country.  Sheep-husbandry  is  at- 
tracting much  attention,  and  for  it  the  state  is  finely  adapted. 
Dairy-farming  is  also  largely  on  the  increase.  Groat  en- 
thusiasm exists  in  regard  to  the  future  of  Kansas  as  a  fruit- 
and  wine-growing  state,  and  promising  experiments  have 
been  made  in  silk-raising. 

Manufactures  are  as  yet  in  their  infancy;  but  the  ex- 
istence of  abundant  water-power  and  good  coal,  and  the 
proximity  of  raw  materials,  give  promise  of  a  great  and 
speedy  development  in  this  direction.  The  principal  manu- 
factures are  those  of  lumber,  flour,  furniture  and  cabinet 
goods,  castings,  metallic  wares,  woollens,  castor  and  lin- 
seed oils,  soap,  dressed  stone,  paint,  ground  plaster,  lime, 
salt,  syrup,  bricks,  leather,  cheese,  carriages,  machinery, 
cigars,  brooms,  wine,  and  beer;  and  the  number  of  manu- 
facturing establishments  is  fast  increasing. 

Finances.— The  bonded  state  debt  in  18'JO  was  $1,119,791, 
incurred  for  war  purposes,  for  public  works,  and  for  the 
charitable  institutions  of  the  state.  Of  the  Kansas  bonds, 
about  one-half  are  owned  by  the  general  school-fund,  the 
normal  school-fund,  and  the  state  university. 

Education. — Kansas  has  had  a  system  of  free  schools  in 
operation  since  1855.  At  present  the  public  schools  are 
under  the  care  of  a  state  board  of  education,  of  state, 
county,  and  city  superintendents,  and  of  district  boards 
and  directors.  Graded  schools  are  maintained  in  the  more 
populous  regions.  There  is  a  permanent  school-fund,  and 
i<tate,  county,  and  district  school  taxes  are  also  levied. 
There  is  a  state  university  at  Lawrence  and  a  state  agri- 
cnltural  college  at  Manhattan,  both  free  to  youth  of  either 
sex.  Normal  instruction  is  given  at  the  state  normal 
Bchool  at  Emporia,  at  the  state  university,  and  at  several 
private  institutions.  There  is  an  institution  for  deaf-mutes 
at  Olathe,  one  for  the  blind  at  Kansas  City,  a  state  insane 
asylum  at  Osawatomie,  and  a  state  penitentiary  near 
heaven  worth.    There  are  within  the  state  12  denomina- 


tional colleges  and  universities,  two  colleges  for  ladies,  and 
many  private  and  parochial  schools  and  academies. 

liailroads  have  received  a  large  development  in  Kansas. 
Besides  the  great  through-lines,  such  as  the  Kansas  Pacific, 
the  Atchison,  Topeka  <k  Santa  F6,  and  the  Missouri,  Kansas 
&  Texas,  there  are  other  large  roads,  some  of  them  approach- 
ing closely  to  the  above-named  lines  in  their  mileage  within 
this  state.  Aided  by  large  congressional  land-grants,  and 
by  the  universal  ease  of  grades,  the  construction  of  roads 
for  some  years  outstripped  the  immediate  needs  of  the 
country.  In  1864  there  were  40  miles  of  railroad ;  in  1866, 
240  miles;  in  1870,  1501  miles;  in  1884,4227  miles;  in 
1890,  8900  miles.  The  average  cost  of  works  per  road-mile 
is  $-16,000,  Almost  all  the  counties  in  the  eastern  part  of 
the  state  are  traversed  by  railroads. 

The  Counties  &T&  106  in  number,  named  as  follows  :  Allen, 
Anderson,  Atchison,  Barbour,  Barton,  Bourbon,  Brown, 
Butler,  Chase,  Chautauqua,  Cherokee,  Cheyenne,  Clark, 
Clay,  Cloud,  Cofi'ey,  Comanche,  Cowley,  Crawford,  Decatur, 
Dickinson,  Doniphan,  Douglas,  Edwards,  Elk,  Ellis,  Ells- 
worth, Finney,  Ford,  Franklin,  Garfield,  Geary,  Gove, 
Graham,  Grant,  Gray,  Greeley,  Greenwood,  Hamilton, 
Harper,  Ilarvey,  Haskell,  Hodgeman,  Jackson,  Jeflferson, 
Jewell,  Johnson,  Kearney,  Kingman,  Kiowa,  Labette, 
Lane,  Leavenworth,  Lincoln,  Linn,  Logan,  Lyon,  McPher- 
son,  Marion,  Marshall,  Meade,  Miami,  Mitchell,  Montgom- 
ery, Morris,  Morton,  Nemaha,  Neosho,  Ness,  Norton,  Osage, 
Osborne,  Ottawa,  Pawnee,  Phillips,  Pottawatomie,  Pratt, 
Rawlins,  Reno,  Republic,  Rice,  Riley,  Rooks,  Rush,  Russell, 
Saline,  Scott,  Sedgwick,  Seward,  Shawnee,  Sheridan,  Sher- 
man, Smith,  Staflbrd,  Stanton,  Stevens,  Sumner,  Thomas, 
Trego,  Wabaunsee,  Wallace,  Washington,  Wichita,  Wilson, 
Woodson,  and  Wyandotte. 

Cities  and  Towns. — Of  these  the  principal  are  Kansas 
City,  opposite  Kansas  City,  Mo.  (pop.  in  1890,  38,316); 
Topeka,  the  capital  (pop.  31,007) ;  Wichita,  at  the  junction 
of  the  Arkansas  and  Little  Arkansas  Rivers  (pop.  23,853) ; 
Leavenworth  (pop.  19,768),  Atchison  (pop.  13,963),  Fort 
Scott  (pop.  11,964),  Lawrence  (pop.  9997),  Hutchinson 
(pop.  8862),  Arkansas  City  (pop.  8347),  and  Emporia 
(pop.  7561).  Many  of  the  villages  of  Kansas  have  city 
charters ;  of  these  there  are  three  classes,  according  to  the 
population  of  the  place. 

The  Constitution  of  Kansas  was  adopted  in  1861.  The 
governor  is  chosen  for  the  term  of  two  years,  and  so  are  all 
the  principal  executive  oflicers.  Judges  of  the  courts  are 
chosen  by  the  people  for  limited  terms  of  service.  Six 
months'  residence  in  the  state,  and  30  days'  residence  in  the 
township,  are  required  of  all  voters.  The  state  sends  eight 
representatives  to  the  lower  house  of  Congress. 

History. — Coronado's  exploring  party  of  Spaniards  vis- 
ited this  region  in  1541,  crossing  the  country  from  S.  to 
N. ;  and  in  1719  a  party  of  French,  under  Dutisnc,  again 
traversed  it.  The  Louisiana  purchase  of  1803  made  tho 
greater  part  of  it  a  portion  of  the  United  States  domain ; 
but  part  of  Southwestern  Kansas  was  Mexican  territory 
until  1848.  In  1825  the  "Santa  F6  Trail"  was  opened, 
and  an  important  overland  trade  was  thereby  greatly 
extended.  In  1831  Protestant  Indian  missions  were  first 
established  here,  and  the  Roman  Catholics,  led  by  tho 
Jesuit  fathers  and  the  Princess  Galitzin,  were  not  long  in 
following.  In  1854  Kansas  was  organized  as  a  territory, 
and  the  slavery-restriction  clause  of  the  Missouri  Com- 
promise of  1820  was  declared  inoperative  by  Congress,  The 
doctrine  of  "squatter  sovereignty"  was  proclaimed,  and 
Kansas  became  the  battle-ground  of  tho  party  in  favor  of 
the  extension  of  slavery  in  their  struggle  against  free-soilers. 
Thousands  immigrated  from  both  North  and  South  ;  but  tho 
Northern  immigrants  were  the  more  numerous ;  and  yet  the 
doctrine  of  squatter  sovereignty  was  not  allowed  to  oper- 
ate in  their  favor.  Supported  by  Fedenil  bayonets  and  the 
militia  of  Missouri,  the  minority  held  the  authority  until 
1861.  Two  hunilred  lives  and  millions  of  dollars'  worth  of 
property  were  destroyed  in  this  struggle.  From  1801  to  1S65 
Kansas  was  more  or  less  constantly  the  seat  of  war. 
During  the  civil  war  she  had  more  Union  volunteer  soldiers 
than  she  had  voters ;  and,  although  she  never  oflered  a 
bounty  or  made  a  conscription,  she  furnished  proportion- 
ately more  troops  than  any  other  state.  In  the  battle- 
mortality  list  she  also  far  exceeded  all  other  states,  sixty-one 
out  of  every  thousand  of  her  troops  having  been  killed  in 
the  field.  This  was  principally  owing  to  the  fact  that  her 
borders  were  the  scene  of  a  bloody  partisan  struggle  which 
extended  into  Missouri  and  in  which  the  Kansas  troops 
were  active  participants.  In  1855  a  Free-State  constitution 
was  framed  at  Topeka,  and  in  1857  a  pro-slavery  constitu- 
tion was  framed  at  Lecompton,  but  neither  became  operative. 


KAN 


1532 


KAP 


Itn  1S81  th«  stAte  waa  admitted  to  the  Union.  At  leng;th, 
ia  1S65,  after  eleven  years  of  war,  Kansas  saddenly  beoiiine 
prosneruus.  Since  thnt  time,  by  tlio  aid  of  tiie  railroad  cx- 
tensiun,  the  aren  of  hor  oultivuted  landu  hivs  marvellously 
ln«r«iM«»d,  and,  in  spite  of  oooiisional  severe  drou<<;hts  and 
tlie  visitations  of  loousta,  hor  increase  in  population  and 
W«altti  has  been  unintermpted. 

Pop.  in  1866, 8601;  in  1»0U,  107,200;  in  18S5, 186,807;  in 
1870,  S84,30V;  in  1878  (by  state  oensas),  708,407  (the  returns 
nearly  complete) ;  in  1S80  (United  States  consuti),  V9R,090; 
in  I»86  (by  sUte  census),  1,406,738;  in  180U  (United  SUtes 
eensns),  1,427,006. 

KanaaS)  a  post-borough  of  Edgar  eo.,  HI.,  on  two 
railroads,  13  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Paris,  and  13  miles  E.  of 
Charle:iton.  It  tins  a  newspaper  ofiice,  a  college,  a  national 
bank,  and  4  churches.  Pop.  in  1880,  723;  in  1890,  1037. 
Kansas,  a  post-village  of  Seneca  co.,  0.,  in  Liberty 
township,  12  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Fremont.  It  has  2 
ohnrches,  and  flour-  and  saw-mills.     Pop.  about  400. 

Kansas  City,  Kansas,  the  capital  of  Wyandotte  co., 
created  in  18S6  by  the  consolidation  of  the  then  village  of 
Kansas  City  with  the  towns  of  Wyandotte,  Armourdale,  and 
others  under  its  present  name,  is  situated  at  the  junction  of 
the  Kansas  and  Missouri  Rivers,  adjacent  to  Kansas  City, 
Mo.  (from  which  it  is  nominally  separated  by  the  state  line), 
and  at  the  convergence  of  several  important  railways,  eight 
or  more  of  which  have  their  terminal  stations  at  this  point. 
This  city  is  noted  as  the  seat  of  immense  stock  and  meat- 
packing interests,  its  yards  and  packing-houses  being  second 
only  to  those  of  Chicago  in  the  volume  of  business  done. 
.  Here  were  received  in  1892,  699,578  head  of  cattle,  1,773,000 
hogs,  32,341  calves,  160,317  sheep,  and  32,831  horses  and 
mules.  Of  the  food  animals,  about  sixty  per  cent.,  aggre- 
gating 570,000,000  pounds,  was  consumed  ut  the  packing- 
houses. The  city  has  also  an  extensive  grain  and  flour 
trade,  there  being  received  at  its  mills  and  elevators  in 
1892,  69,707  car-loads  of  grain.  In  1890,  according  to  the 
census  returns,  the  capital  invested  in  manufactures  was 
$11,404,060,  and  the  value  of  the  manufactured  product 
$44,022,939.  Fifteen  bridges  span  the  Kansas  River  within 
the  corporate  limits  of  the  city.  Though  of  recent  growth, 
it  is  the  largest  city  in  the  state  of  Kansas.  Pop.  in  1880, 
3200;  in  1890  (federal  census),  38,316;  in  1892  (city 
census),  39,580. 

Kansas  City,  Missouri,  the  second  city  of  the  state  in 
population  and  importance,  is  in  Jackson  co.,  on  the  right 
or  S.  bank  of  the  Mit^souri  River,  i  mile  below  the  mouth 
of  the  Kansas  River.  Lat.  39°  4'  N. ;  Ion.  94°  37'  40"  W. 
By  railroad  it  is  283  miles  W.  by  N.  of  St.  Louis,  26  miles 
S.E.  of  Leavenworth,  and  70  miles  S.  by  B.  of  St.  Joseph. 
It  is  the  W.  terminus  of  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad, 
which  connects  here  with  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad.  Ten 
other  ronds  meet  here  from  various  directions,  and  the 
trains  of  several  lines  cross  the  Missouri  River  on  a  mag- 
nificent iron  bridge  which  was  erected  at  a  cost  of  about 
$1,000,000.  The  city  is  mostly  built  on  the  top  and  sides 
of  a  steep  hill,  the  site  having  been  originally  very  rough 
and  uneven.  It  has,  however,  been  greatly  improved  by 
grading,  and  much  money  has  been  expended  in  sewers, 
water-works,  and  mains.  It  has  28  churches,  14  schools,  2 
medical  colleges,  a  seminary,  2  hospitals,  an  orphan  asylum, 
.  a  workhouse,  2  theatres,  an  opera-house,  and  a  county,  dis- 
trict, and  United  Stsites  court-house.  Six  daily,  2  tri-weekly, 
10  weekly,  and  2  monthly  periodicals  are  issued  here.  The 
centre  of  a  region  of  extraordinary  agricultural  resources 
and  abounding  in  coal,  lead,  iron,  ic,  it  has  of  late  become 
an  important  commercial  city,  doing  a  very  large  business 
in  live-stock  and  grain,  and  in  manufacturing  railroad-iron, 
furniture,  linseed  oil,  car-wheels,  flour,  Ac.  Accordinj;  to 
the  census  returns  it  had  in  1890  a  capital  of  $12,708,990 
invested  in  manufactnres,  the  value  of  the  product  being 
$31,571,559.  A  board  of  trade  was  organized  in  1872. 
Pop.  in  1860,  4418;  in  1870,  32,260;  in  1880,  55,785;  in 
1890,  132,716. 

Kansas  Falls,  a  station  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Rail- 
Toail,  6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Junction  City,  Kansas. 

Kansas  (or  Kaw)  River  is  formed  by  two  large 
branches,  the  Smoky  Hill  Fork  and  the  Solomon  River, 
which,  after  traversing  the  great  treeless  plains  of  Western 
Kansas,  unite  about  10  miles  W.  of  Abilene.  It  runs  north- 
eastward through  DavLs  co.  to  Manhattan,  where  the  Big 
Blue  River  enters  it  from  the  N.  Below  Manhattan  it  flows 
generally  eastward,  and  forms  the  boundary  between  the 
counties  of  Wabaunsee,  Douglas,  and  Johnson,  on  the  right, 
:  and  Pottawatomie,  Jefferson,  and  Leavenworth  on  the  loft. 
It  enters  the  Missouri  River  at  the  W.  boundary  of  the  state 
♦f  Missouri,  about  1  mile  above  Kansas  City.     It  is  nearly 


800  miles  long,  or,  if  wo  include  the  Smoky  Hill  Fork,  about 
900  miles.  Its  largest  tributaries  are  the  Repuljliciin  and 
Big  Blue  Rivers,  which  both  enter  it  from  the  left.  The 
chief  towns  on  its  banks  are  Lawrence,  Topeka,  and  Junction 
City.  It  traverses  fertile  prairies,  in  which  bituminous  coal 
abounds.  It  is  not  a  very  important  river  for  navigation. 
The  trains  of  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad  pass  alun^  the 
bank  of  this  river  from  its  mouth  to  its  origin. 

Kansasville,  kan'za»-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Racine  co 
Wis.,  on  the  Western  Union  Roilroad,  18  miles  W.  of  Kacinc! 
It  has  a  church. 

Kansk,  k&nsk,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia,  province  of 
Yeniseisk,  on  the  Kana,  250  milos  S.K.  of  Yeniseisk. 

Kan-Soo,  Kan-Sou,  Kan-Su,orKunsuhj  k4n^ 
goo',  the  most  N.W.  province  of  China,  between  Int.  ;{"  3u' 
and  40°  N.  and  Ion.  98°  and  108°  E.,  having  E.  the  provinces 
of  Shen  See  and  Se-Chuen,  and  on  other  sides  Mongolia,  into 
which  a  long  tongue  of  it  stretches  between  the  territory  of 
the  Koko-Nor  and  the  desert  of  Gobi.  Surface  mounUiin- 
ous.  Principal  river,  the  lloang-llo.  The  products  com- 
prise dyes,  gold,  mercury,  silks,  musk,  and  tobacco,  which 
last  is  of  a  very  superior  quality.  Kan-Choo  is  the  capital 
besides  which  there  are  6  cities  of  the  first  rank.  ' 

Kantalicoonda,  k4n-ti-)o-koon'di,  a  village  of  West 
Africa,  on  the  Gambia.     Lat.  13°  32'  N.;  Ion.  13°  51'  W. 

Kantavu,  an  island  of  the  Fecjoes.     See  Kandaboo. 

Kan-Tcheou,  a  town  of  China.    See  Kan-Ciiow. 

Kan-Tcheou-Fou,  or  Kau-Tchou.  See  Kah- 
Choo. 

Kanth,  kint,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  on  the  Weis- 
tritz,  13  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Brcslau.     Pop.  2594. 

Kantilo,  kin-tee'lo,  a  town  of  the  Khundpara  state, 
in  Orissa,  India,  on  the  Mahanuddy.  Lat.  20°  21'  46"  N.j 
Ion.  85°  14'  20"  E.     It  has  an  active  trade.     Pop.  5534. 

Kanturk',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Cork,  12  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  Mallow.  It  has  a  hospital,  a  bridewell,  a  market- 
house,  and  manufactures  of  serges.     Pop.  1964. 

Kantz,  a  post-villago  of  Snyder  co..  Pa.,  2  miles  S.W. 
of  Selin's  Grove,  and  9  miles  S.W.  of  Sunbury. 

Kanum,  ki-noom'  (?),  a  large  city  of  Little  ThibH, 
on  the  Upper  Sutlej,  lat.  31°  37'  N.,  Ion.  78°  28'  E.,  on  a 
table-land,  nearly  9000  feet  above  the  sea. 

Kanwa'ka,  a  township  of  Douglas  co.,  Kansas.    P.  805. 

Kao,  k&'o,  one  of  the  Friendly  Islands,  Tonga  group, 
a  vast  conical  rock,  600  feet  high.  Lat.  19°  42'  S.;  Ion. 
175°  W,  Kao  is  also  the  name  of  numerous  cities  and 
towns  in  China. 

Kao-Ching,  or  Kao-Tching,  ki'o-ching',  a  town 
of  China,  province  of  Uo-Nan.  Lat.  34°  42'  N.;  Ion. 
115°  E. 

Kao-Choo,  Kao-Tchou,  ki'o-choo'  (almost  kow'- 
ohoo'),  Kao-Cheoo-Foo,  or  Kao-Tcheou-Foa, 
ki^o-chfl-oo'-foo',  a  walled  city  of  China,  168  miles  S.W.  of 
Canton,  in  lat.  21°  48'  N.,  Ion.  111°  8'  E,  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  nankeens. 

Kaolin,  ka'o-lin,  a  station  in  Union  co..  111.,  on  th« 
Cairo  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  36  miles  N.  of  Cairo. 

Kaolin,  a  post-village  of  Iron  co..  Mo.,  about  18  miles 
W.  of  Iron  Mountain.     Pop.  463. 

Kaolin,  a  post-oflSce  of  Chester  oo..  Pa.,  3  miles  from 
Avondale.  Here  is  a  bed  of  kaolin,  or  porcelain  clay, 
which  has  been  worked  many  years  with  success. 

Ka'o-Ning',  a  town  of  China,  province  of  Quang-Tong, 
40  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Canton. 

Kaoochani,  Kaouchany,  or  Kauchany,  k5w- 
shi'nee,  written  also  Kawschani,  a  decayed  town  of 
Russia,  in  Bessarabia,  12  miles  S.  of  Bender.  It  was  once 
a  large  and  flourishing  town. 

Kao-Tchou,  a  city  of  China.    See  Kao-Choo. 

Kao-Yeoo,  or  Kao-Yeou,  ki'o-y5-oo',  a  town  of 
China,  province  of  Kiang-Soo,  on  the  Imperial  Canal,  85 
miles  N.E.  of  Nanking. 

KapadoanJ,  ka-p4-do-&nj',  a  town  of  India,  Bombay 
presidency.     Pop.  13,982. 

Kapella,  k4-pfil'li,  a  mountain-range  of  Croatia,  con- 
sists of  two  distinct  parts,  the  Great  and  Little  K;ii)ella, 
having  a  general  direction  from  N.W.  to  S.E.,  nearly  par- 
allel to  the  Vellebitz  Mountains,  which  skirt  the  Adriatic.  " 

Kapelie,  kA-p5l'l?h,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
South  Beveland,  4  miles  E.  of  Goes.     Pop.  1410. 

Kupfenberg,  kap'f^n-bfino',  a  town  of  Styria,  on  a 
railway,  3  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bruck.     Pop.  2629. 

Kapio'ma,  a  township  of  Atchison  co.,  Kansas.    P.  889. 

Kapiti,  or  Kapito.    See  E.ntry  Isla.vd. 
Kaplitz,  ki'plits,  Gapplitz,  gip'plits,  or  Wolanka, 
♦o-14n'ki,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  17  miles  S.  of  Budweis,  od 
the  Mulsche.     Pop.  2252. 


KAP 


1533 


KAR 


i  Kapnik-Banya,  klp^neek'-b4n'y5h\  a  town  of  Ilun- 
igary,  8  miles  E.  of  Nagy  lianya.  Pop.  2464.  Gold,  silver, 
and  lead  are  found  here. 

Ka^poorthel'la,  or  Kapurthala,  ki-poor-t'hi'la,  a 
native  state  of  India,  in  the  Punjab,  between  the  rivers 
Beas  and  Sutlej.  Area,  516  square  miles.  Capital,  Ka- 
poorthella,  a  tovfn  near  the  East  Indian  Ilailway,  65  miles 
E.  of  Lahore.     Total  pop.  250,000. 

Kaposvar,  kip^osh^'in',  a  town  of  Hungary,  on  the 
Kapos,  and  on  a  railway,  97  miles  S.W.  of  Pesth.  Pop. 
6395.     It  exports  wine  and  tobacco. 

Kap'pa,  a  post-village  of  Woodford  co.,  111.,  in  El  Paso 
township,  on  M.ackinaw  Iliver,  and  on  the  Illinois  Central 
Bailroad,  14  miles  N.  of  Bloomington.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  manufactory  of  bricks. 

Kappelj  kip'p?l,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Carinthia,  16 
miles  S.E.  of  Klagenfurth.     Pop.  1256. 

Kappel)  a  hamlet  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Zurich,  4 
miles  N.  of  Zug,  is  noted  as  the  place  where  Zwingli  fell  in 
battle,  October,  1531.     Pop.  732. 

Kappein,  or  Kappellenort,  Prussia.    SeeCxppELN. 

Kappel-RodecR,  kip'p^l-ro'dSk,  a  village  of  Baden, 
circle  of  Middle  Rhine,  bailiwick  of  Achern.     Pop.  2216. 

Kappel-Windcclf,  kip'p^l-^in'dfik,  a  village  of  Ba- 
den, circle  of  Middle  Rhine,  bailiwick  of  Buhl.    Pop.  1623. 

Kapp's,  a  hamlet  in  Northumberland  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Sunbury. 
Here  lime  is  burned,  and  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  Sus- 
quehanna there  is  a  large  iron-furnace.  Nearest  post-oflSce, 
Chillisquaque,  IJ  miles  distant. 

.  Kapp's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Surry  co.,  N.C. 

Kaproncza,  a  town  of  Hungary.  See  Kopreinitz. 

Kapsali,  a  town  of  the  Ionian  Islands.     See  Capsali. 

Kapun'da^  a  town  of  South  Australia,  45  miles  by  rail 
N.  of  Adelaide.  Near  it  marble  and  copper  are  obtained. 
Pop.  2272. 

Kapuvar,  koh^pooVSn',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
I  Oedenburg,  40  miles  S.  of  Presburg.  Pop.  4409.  Here  is 
I  a  residence  of  the  Esterhazy  family. 

Kara,  kiVS.',  a  Turkish  word  signifying  "  black,"  form- 
ing a  prefix  to  the  names  of  numerous  places  in  the  East. 

Kara,  ki'ri,  a  river  forming  a  part  of  the  boundary 
I  between  European  and  Asiatic  Russia,  rises  in  the  Ural 
Mountains,  flows  N.,  and  enters  the  Kara  Sea  after  a  course 
of  125  miles. 

Kara,  a  lake  and  town  of  China.    See  Hara. 

Kara,  kd'ri,  a  gulf  or  bay  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  the 
government  of  Tobolsk,  formed  by  the  Kara  Sea. 

Kara-Aghadj,  kS,Vi'-4-g3,dj',  a  bay  of  Asia  Minor, 
in  lat.  36°  41'  50"  N.,  Ion.  28°  30'  E. 

Kara-.4.ghadj,  a  town  of  Bulgaria,  40  miles  S.E.  of 
Silistria. 

Kara-Amid,  a  city  of  Turkey.     See  Diarbekib. 

Kara-Uagh,  kk^ri'-hLg,  a  town  and  large  fort  of  Af- 
ghanistan, 20  miles  S.W.  of  Ghuznee,  and  7426  feet  above 
the  sea,  in  lat.  33°  10'  N.,  Ion.  67°  59'  E. 

Karabagh,  kiVi'big'  ("  black  garden"),  a  former  prov- 
ince of  Russia,  in  Transcaucasia,  between  the  Koor  and  Arras 
Elvers.     It  is  now  in  the  government  of  Yelisavetpol. 

Kara-Bagh,  a  town  of  the  Punjab.     See  Caulabagh. 

Kara-Boghaz,  kiVi'-bo^giz',  a  remarkable  gulf  of 
Russia,  on  the  E.  shore  of  the  Caspian  Sea.  It  is  about  90 
miles  across,  and  nearly  circular ;  but  the  strait  connecting 
it  with  the  sea  is  only  450  feet  wide  and  5  feet  deep.  It  is 
'  intensely  salt,  while  the  main  Caspian  is  not  so.  A  con- 
stant current  sets  in  through  the  strait. 

Kara-Boonar  (-Bounar,  or  -Bunar),  ki'ri'-boo^- 
nar'  (anc.  Barate?  or  Darathraf),  a  town  of  Asia  Minor, 
58  miles  E.S.E.  of  Konieh,  It  has  a  khan,  a  mosque,  and 
nitre-works. 

Karachee,  a  seaport  of  Sinde.    See  Kurrachee. 

Kara*Chudscha,  kiVd'-chfid'shi,  a  town  of  Asia, 
khanat  and  120  miles  N.N.E.  of  Khiva. 

Karad,  koh^rSd',  a  village  of  Hungary,  46  miles  N.W. 
of  Fiinfkirohen.     Pop.  2645. 

'  Kara-Dagh,kava'-dag,orKara-Tagh,kiVi'-tag, 
several  mountains  of  Asia  Minor,  and  a  chain  in  Persia, 
between  Khoozistan  and  Laristan. 

Kara-Dagh,  or  Kara-Tagh,  a  mountain-range  of 
Europe,  between  Eastern  Roumelia  and  Roumelia. 

Karadagh,  ki'ri'dig',  a  district  of  the  Persian  prov- 
ince of  Azerbaijan. 

Karadagh,  a  Turkish  name  of  Montenegro, 

Kara  Dengis,  the  Turkish  name  for  the  Black  Sea. 

Karadive,  ki-ri-deev',  an  island  on  the  coast  of  Cey- 
lon, in  the  Gulf  of  Manaar,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Calpentyn. 
Length,  about  9  miles. 


Karaghinsky,  ki-ri-ghin'skee,  an  island  about  20, 
miles  off  the  E.  coast  of  Kamchatka.  Lat.  of  the  N.  point, 
59°  13'  N. ;  Ion.  164°  35'  E.     It  is  65  miles  long. 

Karaghinsky,  a  bay  on  the  S.  side  of  the  above  island, 
penetrates  9  miles  inland,  with  a  breadth  of  from  4  to  8 
miles.  It  receives  the  river  Karaga,  the  mouth  of  which 
is  in  lat.  59°  8'  N.,  Ion.  126°  59'  E. 

Karago'la,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  Purneah,  on  the 
Ganges.  Lat.  25°  24'  30"  N. ;  Ion.  87°  27'  E.  It  has  a 
great  fair,  the  most  celebrated  in  Bengal. 

Kara-Hissar,  k&^ri'-his-sar'  (i.e.,  "black  castle"), 
a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Kaisareeyeh,  on 
the  slope  of  a  hill  crowned  by  a  ruined  castle,  and  supposed 
to  be  the  site  of  the  ancient  Cyhistra. 

Kara-Hissar,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  vilayet  of  Adana, 
25  miles  W.  of  Tarsus. 

Karaja  Tagh,  kS.-ri'ji  tig  (anc.  Mons  Ma'ams),  a 
mountain  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  separates  the  basins  of  the 
Euphrates  and  Tigris. 

Kara-Jiler,  kiVi'-jee'l?r,  a  large  village  of  Asia  Mi- 
nor, 50  miles  S.E.  of  Angora,  near  the  Kizil-Irmak,  where 
it  is  crossed  by  a  remarkable  bridge. 

Karak,  ki'rik',  Kharek,  ki'rSk',  Charedj,  Ka- 
redj,  kiVSj',  or  Kar^edsk',  an  island  of  the  Persian 
Gulf,  in  lat.  29°  12'  N.,  Ion.  50°  13'  E.  It  is  about  15 
miles  in  circumference,  of  coral  formation,  and  has  on  its 
N.  side  an  old  Dutch  fort,  with  a  village  inhabited  by  about 
1000  Arabs. 

Karakakooa,  a  bay  of  Hawaii.    See  Kealakeakua. 

Karakai,  kd,-ri-k&r,  a  town  of  Roumania,  30  milea 
S.E.  of  Krajova.     Pop.  5638. 

Karakaipak,  ki-r&-kil'p&k,  a  tribe  of  Mongol  Turks, 
inhabiting  a  steppe  near  the  Amoo-Darya.  They  are  very 
poor,  and  number  about  50,000. 

Karakash,  ki-r&-kS,sh',  a  considerable  river  of  Eastern 
Toorkistan,  an  aflluent  of  the  river  Yarkand.  It  rises  on 
the  N.  slope  of  the  Karakorum  Mountains,  flows  in  a  general 
N.E.  course  for  200  miles,  turns  N.E.,  passes  the  main  chain 
of  the  Kuenlun  Mountains,  enters  the  plains  of  Toorkistan, 
waters  Khoten,  and  flows  through  Takla-Makan  and  Dusht- 
i-Tatar,  where  it  joins  the  Yarkand.  Length,  590  miles. 
It  is  frozen  during  the  winter  months.  Throughout  the 
province  of  Khoten  its  abundant  waters  are  extensively 
employed  in  irrigation. 

Karakash,  a  city  of  Chinese  Toorkistan,  on  the  Kara 
River,  an  afl[luent  of  the  Khoten,  240  miles  E.S.E.  of  Yar- 
kand.    Pop.  6000. 

Karakita  Islands.    See  Passage  Islands. 

Karakool,  or  Karakoul,  ki-ri-kool',  a  town  of 
Bokhara,  on  the  Zer-Afshan,  38  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bokhara, 
in  lat.  29°  30'  N.,  Ion.  63°  45'  E.    Pop.  30,000. 

Karakorum,  k&V&-ko'rum,  a  mountain-pass  of  tho 
Chinese  Empire,  separating  Chinese  Toorkistan  from  Little 
Thibet,  near  the  valley  of  Shayook.   Elevation,  18,600  feet. 

Karakorum,  or  Holin,  ho-leen',  a  ruined  city  of 
Mongolia,  which  was  the  capital  of  Jenghis  Khan.  Ita 
position  is  uncertain. 

Karakorum  Mountains,  also  called  Tsung«Ling, 
and  Mustag,  the  central  range  of  the  great  plateau  of 
Central  Asia,  separating  the  provinces  of  Cashmere  from 
Eastern  Toorkistan,  and  traversing  Thibet.  It  commences 
at  the  knot  of  Poosht-Khar,  in  Ion.  74°  30'  E.,  and  extends 
to  near  Lassa,  about  92°  E.,  forming  the  watershed  between 
the  rivers  flowing  to  the  Indian  Ocean  and  those  in  the 
basin  of  continental  drainage.  It  contains  some  of  the 
highest  summits  on  the  globe, — Dapsang  peak,  28,278  feet, 
and  others  of  little  inferior  altitude, — and  is  crossed  by 
several  passes  of  easy  ascent  and  of  slight  elevation  above 
the  surrounding  plains,  generally  18,000  or  19,000  feet  above 
the  sea.  The  limit  of  perpetual  snow  occurs  at  18,600 
feet  on  its  N.  side,  and  at  19,400  feet  on  its  S.  side.  Gla- 
ciers extend  almost  continuously  W.  of  80°  E.,  and  form  one 
of  the  most  considerable  icy  regions  of  the  Asiatic  plateau. 

Karakoul,  a  town  of  Bokhara.    See  Karakool. 

Karamakotan,  or  Karamacotan,  ki-r&-m&-ko- 
tin',  one  of  the  Kooril  Islands,  in  the  North  Pacific  Ocean, 
separated  from  the  island  of  Onekotan  by  a  channel  8  miles 
wide.     Lat.  49°  N.;  Ion.  154°  39'  E. 

Karaman,  ki,-ri-m3,n'  (.anc.  Laranda),  a  town  of  Asia 
Minor,  near  the  N.  foot  of  Mount  Taurus,  63  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Konieh.  It  has  several  mosques,  ruins  of  a  castle, 
manufactures  of  coarse  cotton  and  woollen  stuffs,  and  trade 
with  Smyrna,  <fec.  From  about  the  year  1300  to  1486  it 
was  the  capital  of  a  flourishing  kingdom.     Pop.  7000. 

Karamania,  Caramania,  kd-ri-m&'ne-a,  or  Ka- 
raman-KharidJ,  k&.-rS.-m3.n'-Ki^rij',  a  region  of  Asia 
Minor,  comprising  the  E.  portion  of  its  central  table-land, 


KAR 


1534 


KAR 


mMtl7  In  tho  vilayet  of  Kouloh,  botwoon  lat.  87"  and  40"» 
N.  and  Ion.  SI"  and  37°  E.,  having  S.  Mount  Taurus.  The 
prinaipal  rlvcra  are  tho  Kiiil-Iruiak  (lluhi)  and  the  Sy- 
noon;  in  tho  W.nart  are  numerous  small  lakes.  The  iirin- 
elpal  towns  are  Konieh,  Kaisarceyoh,  Akshohr,  Beg-Siiehr, 
Nigdeh,  and  Karatnan. 

Karnmnsy,  kA  lA  mil'sce,  a  walled  town  of  Central 
/Ha,  In  ToorkiKlan,  khnnut  and  20  miles  E.  of  Khiva,  near 
the  Amoo-Darya. 

Knramych)  ki-ri-mitch',  a  river  of  Russia,  joins  tho 
left  bank  uf  tho  ModvioJitza  at  the  village  of  Karamych. 
Lon^^th,  70  miles. 

Karanccz,  or  Karaniz,  k&-r&-neez',  a  village  of 
Hcniia,  province  of  Azerb.iijan,  near  Tukhli  Suleiman,  on 
the  Sanik  Kiver. 

Karnng-Assnm,  k&-rilng'-il8-silm',  a  native  state  of 
the  Malay  Archipelago,  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  the  island  of 
Bali.  Pop.  250,000.  Its  capital,  Karang-Assam  (lat.  8° 
23'  N.,  Ion.  1 15°  34'  E.),  is  the  most  important  town  on  the 
island,  and  has  a  good  haven. 

Karang-Bolloug,  kA-r&ng'-bol-long',  a  district  of 
Java,  neiir  its  centre,  on  tho  S.  coast.  The  population  ex- 
port groat  numbers  of  odiblo  birds'-nests  to  China. 

Karansebcs,  kShVon^shA^bdsh',  or  Alt  Karanse- 
bcs,  a  town  of  Hungary,  on  the  Tomes,  50  miles  S.E.  of 
Temesvar.     Pop.  3441. 

Kara  Sea,  a  portion  of  the  Arctic  Ocean,  between  the 
Russian  governments  of  Archangel  and  Tobolsk  on  the  S. 
and  the  island  of  Nova  Zorabla  on  tho  N.  On  its  S.W. 
side  it  is  entered  by  tho  Strait  of  Kara.  On  the  S.E.  side 
is  the  Gulf  of  Kara,  and  on  tho  S.  the  river  Kara  enters  it. 

Kara  Sliebb  Khaneh,  kAVA'  shdb  K&'n^h,  a  town  of 
Asia  Minor,  110  miles  E.N.E.  of  Seevas.  It  stands  on  a 
high  hill  crowned  by  a  ruined  fortress,  and  comprises  2500 
mud-built  houses.     Near  it  are  alum-works. 

Karasicza,  koh'roh'sheet'sSh*,  a  river  of  Hungary, 
joins  tho  Danube  on  the  right,  at  the  S.  extremity  of  the 
island  of  Margitta,  after  a  course  of  about  50  miles. 

Karasicza,  a  river  of  Slavoni.a,  joins  the  Drave  on 
the  right,  9  miles  W.  of  Eszek.     Length,  55  miles. 

Kara-Soo,  Kara-Sou,  or  Kara-Su,  k&V&'-soo 
("black  river"),  called  also  Kuremas,  or  Tokmah, 
the  W.  branch  of  the  Euphrates,  rises  near  Erzroom,  flows 
AV.  past  Erzcngan  and  S.  past  Egin,  and  unites  with  the 
Moorad-Chai  near  Keban-Maden. 

Kara-Soo,  Kara-Sou,  or  Kara-Su,  a  river  of 
Asia  Minor,  tributary  to  tho  Kizil-Irmak,  near  Kaisareoyeh. 
It  is  tho  Melan  of  Strabo. 

Kara-Soo,  Kara-Sou,  or  Kara-Su,  a  river  of 
Persia,  joins  the  Aras  S.E.  of  Mount  Ararat. 

Kara-Soo,  Kara-Sou,  or  Kara-Su,  a  river  of 
Asiatic  Turkey,  in  Aleppo,  falls  into  the  N.  shore  of  Lake 
Dengis. 

Kara-Soo,  Kara-Son,  or  Kara-Su,  a  river  of 
Asiatic  Turkey,  pashalic  of  Itch-EIec,  sanjak  of  Tarsus,  falls 
into  the  Mediterranean. 

Kara-Soo,  Kara-Sou,  or  Kara-Su  (anc.  Ne»'tua'\, 
a' river  of  European  Turkey,  between  Roumolia  and  Mace- 
donia, enters  the  ^gean  Sea  opposite  Thasos,  after  a  S. 
course  of  130  miles. 

Kara-Soo,  Kara-Son,  Kara-Su,  or  Struma, 
Btroo'niA  (anc.  Stry'mon),  a  river  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Roumclia,  falls  into  tho  Gulf  of  Orphano,  in  the  Archi- 
pelago, near  Orphano. 

Kara-Soo,  Kara-Sou,  or  Kara-Sn,  a  river  of 
European  Turkey,  rises  on  the  E.  frontier  of  Albania,  flows 
8.S.E.,  and  joins  an  affluent  of  the  Vardar. 

Kara-Soo-Bazar,  or  Kara-Soo-Basar,  k&V&'- 
BOO-biV-zaR',  a  Tartar  town  of  South  Russia,  government  of 
Taurid.T.,  in  the  Crimea,  24  miles  E.N.E.  of  Simferopol. 
It  is  quite  Oriental  in  appearance.  It  has  24  minarets,  a 
Greek  church,  2  Roman  Catholic  churches,  a  synagogue, 
and  a  fortified  khan  near  its  centre.  It  is  tho  great  mart 
of  tho  Crimea,  and  has  a  weekly  market,  a  largo  annual 
fair,  and  manufactures  of  superior  morocco  leather,  saddles, 
felt  cloaks,  candles,  soap,  pottery,  and  tiles.     Pop,  11,669. 

Kura-Su,  Turkey.     See  Kara-Soo. 

Karaszna,  a  town  of  Transylvania.    See  Kraszna. 

Kara  Tagh,  a  mountain  of  Turkey.   See  Kara  Dagh. 

Karatal,  k&-rA-tAI',  a  village  of  Toorkistan,  56  miles 
N.E.  of  Khiva,  on  tho  Amoo-Darya. 

Karatchev,  or  Karatschew,  kl-rit-sh5v',  a  town 
of  Russia,  government  and  47  miles  W.N.W.  of  Orel,  in 
lat.  53°  8'  N.,  Ion.  34°  50'  E.     Pop.  11,267. 

Karategheen,  Karateghin,  or  Karatcgin,  k&- 
vi-tA-gheen',  a  river  of  Central  Asia,  an  affluent  of  the 
Upper  Amoo-Darya,  in  the  Pameer  table-land. 


Karategheen,  or  Karategin,  a  country  of  Asia,  a 
part  of  the  Pameer  plateau.  Area,  8500  square  miles.  It 
18  subject  to  the  authority  of  Bokhara.     Pop.  100,000. 

Karategheen,  or  Karatcgin,  a  town,  capital  of  th« 
above,  on  the  banks  of  tho  Karategheen  River,  90  uiilei 
N.E.  of  Hissar.     Lat.  37°  40'  N.;  Ion.  68°  55'  E. 

Karatova,  or  Caratova,  kA-r&-to'v&,  a  town  of 
European  Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  on  the  Brauuistu,  22 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Ohiustcndil.     Pop.  4000. 

Karatschew,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Karatchet. 

Karaula,  a  river  of  Australia.    See  Gwvnin  Rivkr 

Knra-Varia,  or  Kara-Veria.    See  Veria. 

Karazorane,  kA-rA-zo-r&'nA,  an  island  or  ])enin8Qiii 
of  Asia  Minor,  on  its  S.W.  coast,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Makrea. 
It  is  covered  with  ruins  of  tho  Middle  Ages. 

Karbitz,  kan'bits,  or  Karwicze,  kan-^eet'sA,  a  town 
of  Bohemia,  on  a  railway,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Loitmeritz,  It 
has  active  manufactures.     Pop.  3296. 

Karchedon,  the  Greek  for  CAurnACE. 

Kardasch-Kzctschitz,  kan-dAsh'-zhitch'its,  a  town 
of  Bohemia,  IS  miles  S.S.E.  of  Tabor,  on  Lake  Kardosch. 
Pop.  2509. 

Kardiotissa,  Greece.    See  Cardiotissa. 

Kardzag,  Kardszag,kSRd'z(5g',  or  Kardzag-UJ* 
Szdilds,  k(5Kd^z5g'-oo-ee-sAriAsh',  also  called  Karczag, 
a  town  of  Hungary,  in  Great  Cumania,  35  miles  by  rail 
S.W.  of  Debreczin.  Pop.  14,486.  It  covers  a  wide  sur- 
face, and  has  Roman  Catholic,  Lutheran,  and  Calvinistio 
churches. 

Karedj,  an  island  of  the  Persian  Gulf.    See  Karak. 

Karelia,  Carelia,  kar'A-Iee'A,  or  Korelia,  a  dit^ 
triot  in  the  northwest  of  Russia,  partly  in  Finland,  and 
bordering  N.E.  on  the  White  Sea.  Tho  Karelians  speak  a 
language  regarded  as  of  the  Finnish  stock.  They  are  for 
the  most  part  extremely  poor,  and  are  hardly  above  tha 
savage  state.  Formerly  pirates  and  thieves,  they  are  now 
mostly  beggars ;  but  there  are  many  Russianized  Karelians 
to  the  southward,  often  prosperous  citizens. 

Karens,  ki'rfinz^  a  race  inhabiting  the  mountain-re- 
gions of  the  S.and  E.  portions  of  Burmah  proper  and  British 
Burmah,  and  extending  into  the  W.  portions  of  Siam.  Tlieir 
number  is  estimated  at  300,000,  These  are  of  various  tribes 
and  dialects,  and  are  in  part  Christianized. 

Karge,  or  Kargova,  Poland.    See  Uxruhstadt. 

Karghalik,  kar-gA-leek',  a  large  town  of  Eastern 
Toorkistan,  36  miles  S.S.E.  of  Yarkand,  at  the  junction 
of  important  routes  from  India  to  Yarkand  and  Kashgar. 
Here  is  a  large  bazaar,  and  its  numerous  caravansaries  are 
frequented  by  traders  from  all  parts  of  Asia.  It  is  watered 
by  a  canal  cut  from  the  Tiznaf  River.     Altitude,  4570  feet. 

Kargopol,  kan-go'pol,  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  185  miles  E.N.E.  of  Olonets,  on  the  Onega.     Pop.  2048. 

Karine,  an  island  of  the  Indian  Ocean.     See  Ashtola. 

Karin'ja,  or  Karin'jah,  a  town  of  India,  district 
and  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Amrawutti.  It  has  a  large  trade. 
Pop.  11,750. 

Karissiin,  a  country  of  Central  Asia.     See  Kharasu. 

Karitena,  a  village  of  Greece.     See  Carytexa. 

Karkelang,  kar^k^h-lAng',  an  island  in  the  Malay 
Archipelago.     Lat.  4°  N. ;  Ion.  127°  B,     Pop.  2970. 

Karkenah  Islands,  Mediterranean.     See  Kkukini. 

Karkissa,  kar-kis'sA,  Kakis'sa,  Kakis'ia,  or  Ker- 
kis'yah  (anc.  Circe'aium),  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  on 
the  Euphrates,  at  the  influx  of  the  Khaboor,  in  lat.  3o°  8' 
N.,  Ion.  40°  30'  E.  Under  Diocletian  it  was  a  strongly 
fortified  frontier  town  of  the  Roman  dominions. 

Karlburg,  kaRl'booRO,  a  town  of  Hungary,  near  tho 
Danube,  10  miles  S.  of  Presburg.     Pop.  1884. 

Karleby,  Old  and  New.    See  Gamla-Karleby. 

Karlenbach,  kau'l§n-bAK',  Gross,  groce,  and  Ki,ei:», 
kline,  two  nearly  contiguous  villages  of  the  Bavarian  Pa- 
latinate, canton  of  Griinstadt.     Pop.  938  and  639. 

Karii,  a  village  of  India.    See  Carlee. 

Karlo,  or  Carlo,  kan'lo,  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  Both- 
nia. Lat.  (W.  point)  65°  2'  N.j  Ion.  24°  33'  E.  Length, 
11  miles. 

Karlo'va,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Torontal,  11  milos 
S.W.  of  Nagy  Kikinda.     Pop.  4302. 

Karlowitz,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Carlowitz. 

KarlOAvitz,  kaR'lo-\^its*,  a  town  of  Austrian  JUoravia, 
37  miles  E.S.E.  of  Prerau.     Pop.  2714. 

Karlsbad,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Carlsbap. 

Karlsbrunn,  kanls'brOon,  a  village  and  watering- 
place  of  Austrian  Silesia,  circle  of  Troppau. 

Karlsburg,  or  Carlsburg,  kaRls'boCna  (Hun.  A'o- 
roly-FfJervar,  kCli'roi'-fA'ySn'vaR'),  a  town  of  Tran?ylva- 
nia,  capital  of  the  county  of  Al8(5-Feher-Var,  on  a  railway, 


EAR 


1535 


SAI? 


.ftnd  on  the  Maros,  48  miles  S.  of  Klausenburg.  It  consists 
iof  a  citadel  on  a  height  and  a  lower  town.  The  principal 
jedifices  are  a  fine  cathedral,  with  the  tomb  of  John  Huni- 
'ados,  the  Bathory  church,  the  palace  of  the  bishops  of  Tran- 
jgylvania,  a  gymnasium,  a  mint,  observatory,  and  arsenal, 
ibarracks,  hospitals,  public  libraries,  &o.     Pop.  7955. 

Karlshaten,  Carlshafen,  or  Karlshaven,  kanls'- 
ih&^f^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassau,  on  the  Weser, 
24  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Cassel.     Pop.  1648. 

Karlslianin,  Sweden.    See  Carlshamn. 

Karlskroiia,  a  town  of  Sweden.    See  Carlscrona. 

Karlsruhe,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Carlsruhe. 

Karlstad,  a  town  of  Sweden.     See  Carlstad. 

Karlstadt,  or  Carlstadt,  kaRl'stitt,  a  town  of  Cro- 
atia, CO.  and  33  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Agram,  on  the  nav- 
igable river  Kulpa.  Pop.  5515.  It  consists  of  a  fortress, 
outer  town,  and  suburb.  It  is  the  see  of  a  Greek  bishop, 
and  has  an  active  transit  trade. 

.  Karlstadt,  kaRl'stitt,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Main, 
14  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Wiirzburg.  Pop.  2303.  It  has  a 
trade  in  wine. 

Karlsthal,  kanls'tsll,  a  village  of  Austrian  Silesia, 
about  32  miles  N.W.  of  Troppau.     Pop.  1539. 

Karmel,  kar'mfil',a  village  of  the  Punjab,  6  miles  N.W. 
of  llamnuggur,  in  lat.  32°  26'  JST.,  Ion.  73°  34'  E.,  on  the 
Cbenaub. 

Karmue,  Norway.    See  Carjioe. 

Karnak,  or  El  Karuak,  el  kar'nik,  a  village  of 
Egypt,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Nile,  near  Luxor,  and  occu- 
pying a  part  of  the  site  of  ancient  Thebes.     It  is  noted  for 
its  grand  remains  of  a  collection  of  old  temples.     Tho  mod- 
[  em  village  has  manufactures  of  gunpowder. 
I     Karnes,  karnz,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Texas.    Area, 
about  730  square  miles.     It  is  intersected  by  the  San  An- 
I  tonio  Kiver,  nnd  partly  drained  by  Ilio  Cibolo.     Tlie  surface 

iis  uneven  or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  partly  sandy,  and 
produces  pnsture  for  great  numbers  of  cattle,  which  form 
\  the  chief  article  of  export.  This  county  is  traversed  by 
;  the  San  Antonio  &  Aransas  Pass  Railroad.  Capital,  Helena, 
i  Pop.  in  1870,  1705;  in  1880,  3270;  in  1890,  3637. 

Karnes,  a  station  in  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  24J  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Karnow,  Austrian  Silesia.     See  Jagerndorf. 

Karns  (karnz)  City,  a  post-village  of  Butler  co.,  Pa., 
in  Fairview  township,  on  the  Pittsburg  &  Western  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  S.W.  of  Parker.  It  has  a  church,  several 
oil-wells,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  701  ;  in  1890,  427. 

Karnthen,  or  Kftrnten.    See  Carinthia. 

Karoly,  Nagy,  Hungary.    See  Nagy  Karoly. 

Ka^rond',  a  native  state  of  India,  Central  Provinces. 
Area,  3745  square  miles.     Pop.  133,483. 

Karoon,  Karoun,  or  Karun,  ki-roon'  (anc.  Eulx'us, 
the  Ulai  of  the  Scriptures),  a  river  of  Persia,  having  its 
sources  in  the  mountains  of  Ahwaz,  in  lat.  32°  15'  N.,  Ion. 
50°  40'  E.,  falls,  by  two  outlets,  into  the  Persian  Gulf. 

Karotcha,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Korotcha. 

Karpathen,  Austria.    See  Carpathian  Mountains. 

Karpfen,  kaRp'f§n,  a  free  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Sohl, 
60  miles  N.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  3480. 

Karpoot,  or  Kharput,  kar-poot',  called  also  Har^- 
poot'  and  Karputh,  a  town  of  Turkish  Armenia,  pasha- 
lic  and  60  miles  W.N.W.  of  Diarbekir,  on  an  eminence  in 
a  fertile  plain.  It  has  a  Catholic  Armenian  bishop  and  an 
American  Protestant  mission. 

Karquenas,  California.    See  Carquinez. 

Karroos,  karVooz',  extensive  plains  of  South  Africa, 
Cape  Colony,  occupying  the  greater  part  of  the  terraces 
between  the  mountain-ranges.  They  are  annually  covered 
with  a  rich  vegetation  and  pastured  by  numerous  herds; 
but  when  the  dry  season  sets  in  they  become  arid  deserts. 

Karrsville,  karz'vll,  a  hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Mansfield  township,  2  miles  from  Port  Murray  Station.  It 
has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Kars,  or  Khars,  kars  (anc.  Chor'aa),  a  city  of  Asiatic 
Russia,  on  the  Arpa-Chai,  105  miles  N.E.  of  Erzroom.  Pop. 
12,000.  It  is  walled,  and  has  a  citadel,  8  mosques,  mina- 
rets, and  several  small  Armenian  churches  and  convents, 
many  in  ruins.  It  was  taken  from  the  Turks  by  the  Rus- 
sians in  1828,  in  1855,  and  again  in  1878,  in  which  year  it 
was  made  the  capital  of  the  newly-acquired  territory  or 
district  of  Kars,  which  has  an  area  of  9910  square  miles. 

Kars,  karz,  a  post-office  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa. 

Kars,  or  Wel'lington,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  co., 
Ontario,  on  the  Rideau  River,  3  miles  from  Osgoode.    P.  1 50. 

Karsoon,  Karssun,  or  Karsun,  kaR-soon',  a  town 
of  Russia,  government  and  65  miles  W.S.W.  of  Simbeersk. 
Pop.  3736.     It  has  a  cathedral  and  leather-factories. 


Kartal,  kaR-til',  a  village  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  on  tha 
Gulf  of  Ismeed,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Constantinople. 

Kartalinia,  kaR-ti-lin'e-a,  or  Karthli,  kaRt'lee,  a 
region  comprising  the  N.  part  of  Georgia,  in  Asiatic  Rus- 
sia, watered  by  the  Koor  and  its  affluents.  It  contains  tho 
towns  of  Gori  and  Ananoor. 

Kartasana,  kaR-ti-s8,'nS,,  a  town  of  Java,  province  of 
Kediri,  on  the  Kediri  River,  40  miles  W.S.W.  of  Soerabaya. 
Pop.  4000. 

Karthaus,  kaRt'howss,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  16  milea 
W.  of  Dantzic.     Pop.  1855. 

Karthaus,  kart'howss,  a  post-village  of  Clearfield  co., 
Pa.,  in  Covington  township,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the 
Susquehanna  River,  about  36  miles  W.  of  Lock  Haven.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  planing-mill.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Karthli,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia.    See  Kartalinia. 

Kartoom,  or  Kartum,  Nubia.    See  Khartoom. 

Karturpore,  kar-tur-por',  a  town  of  India,  in  tho 
Punjab,  division  of  Jullindor.     Pop.  16,953. 

Ka'ruk,  a  town,  Boglipoor  district,  Bengal.     Pop.  5330. 

Karun,  a  river  of  Persia.    See  Karoon. 

Karwicze,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Karbitz. 

Karyes,  or  Charies,  ki're-ds  or  kar'y5s\  a  town  of 
European  Turkey,  in  the  centre  of  the  peninsula  of  Mount 
Athos.     It  is  the  residence  of  a  Turkish  aga. 

Karysto,  kJ-ris'to,  Karys'tos,  or  Castel-Rosso, 
kls't^l-ros'so,  a  seaport  town  of  Greece,  near  the  S.  ex- 
tremity of  the  island  of  Euboea.     Pop.  3000. 

Kasaab,  a  bay  of  Arabia.    See  Khasab. 

Kasabah,  or  Kassaba,  kis-si'bi,  a  town  of  Asia 
Minor,  54  miles  S.E.  of  Konieh. 

Kasala,  Nubia.     See  Cassala. 

Kasan,  a  city  and  government  of  Russia.    See  Kazan. 

Kasanlik,  kiz^in-lik'  or  kd,z-in-lcck',  or  Kezanlik, 
k5z'in-Ieek',  a  town  of  Europe,  in  Eastern  Roumelia,  88 
miles  N.W.  of  Adrianople.  It  has  an  extensive  manufacture 
of  attar  of  roses.     Pop.  21,000. 

Kasansk,  k&-s&nsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  Don  Cossack 
country,  Voronezh,  on  the  Don,  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bogoo- 
char.     Pop.  1907. 

Kasiltsch,  the  German  for  Casaccia. 

KasaAvat,  kd-si-wit',  a  town  of  Asia,  khanat  and  20 
miles  N.  of  Khiva. 

Kasba,  towns  of  India.    See  Kusba  and  Jessore. 

Kas'bek,  or  Kaz'bek,  one  of  the  highest  mountains 
in  the  Caucasus  range,  90  miles  E.S.E.  of  Elburz,  and  near 
the  middle  of  the  Caucasus.  Height,  16,546  feet.  Glaciers 
form  in  its  hollows  and  passes,  tho  chief  one  being  that  of 
Devdorak,  from  which  huge  avalanches  sweep  down,  de- 
stroying the  roads  and  causing  much  damage. 

Kasbin,  or  Casbin,  kdz'bin  or  kds-been',  written  also 
Casbeen  and  Kazbin,  a  large  fortified  town  of  Persia, 
in  Irak-Ajemee,  90  miles  N.W.  of  Teheran.  It  is  enclosed  by 
brick  walls,  and  has  a  royal  palace,  a  fine  mosque,  schools, 
bazaars,  and  baths.  It  is  a  depot  for  the  silks  of  Ghilan 
and  Shirvan,  destined  for  Bagdad  and  India,  and  rice  from 
the  Caspian  provinces.  It  has  been  repeatedly  destroyed  by 
earthquakes,  and  is  now  much  decayed. 

Kaschau,  k2,'show,  or  Kositze,  ko-sit'sd,  (Hun. 
Kaasa,  kosh'shoh^ ;  L.  Kosso'via),  a  city  of  Hungary,  cap- 
ital of  the  county  of  Aba  Uj  Var,  on  the  Hernad,  133  milea 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Pesth.  In  its  great  square  an  affluent  of  tho 
river  forms  an  island,  which  is  decorated  by  a  statue  of  St. 
John  Nepomuk.  It  has  a  Gothic  church  of  the  fourteenth 
century,  numerous  other  churches  and  convents,  a  fine 
episcopal  palace,  barracks,  an  arsenal,  a  theatre,  a  royal 
academy  with  a  library  and  a  fine  collection  of  natural 
history,  a  seminary,  a  school  for  nobles,  and  a  military 
asylum.  It  forms  a  kind  of  provincial  capital,  resorted  to 
by  the  upper  classes  in  winter.     Pop.  21,742. 

Kascnemir,  or  Kaschmir,  India.  See  Cashuebb 
and  Serinagur. 

Ka'sey's,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co.,  Va. 

Ka'seyville,  a  post-office  of  Macon  co.,  Mo.,  about  14 
miles  S.W.  of  Macon  City. 

Kasgunge,  or  Kasganj.    See  Ebasgunge. 

Kashan,or  Cashan,  k3,*sh3,n',  a  town  of  Persia,  prov- 
ince of  Irak-Ajemee,  92  miles  N.  of  Ispahan,  on  the  route 
to  Teheran.  Lat.  34°  N.;  Ion.  61°  30'  E.  It  is  one  of  tho 
most  flourishing  towns  in  the  kingdom.  It  has  a  royal 
palace,  numerous  mosques,  colleges,  bazaars,  and  baths,  and 
manufactures  of  copper  goods,  shawls,  brocade,  silk  stufiFs, 
cottons,  and  gold  and  silver  articles,  with  an  active  trade 
in  agricultural  produce.     Pop.  15,000. 

Kasheepoor,  or  Kashipur,  kasVee-poor',  a  town  of 
India,  district  and  31  miles  N.  of  Moradabad.  It  is  a  place 
of  pilgrimage.     Pop.  14,656. 


KA9 


1536 


KAT 


Kaskeaiir*  Aria.    8m  Casbkkrk. 

Kashgar,  k&ah'gv'.  or  Kisil-Darra,  kit'il-dRr'jri, 
%rirtr  of*EMt«ni  TowkitUa.  said  to  rise  in  a  smftll  lake 
■itaated  in  the  angle  formed  by  the  intersection  of  the 
1*liiaa-Shaa  range  with  the  transverse  chain  of  the  Pameer. 
It  joins  the  Yarknu J  afler  an  oaaterly  flow  of  about  400  miles. 
Its  principal  tributaries  are  the  Artooch  and  Kbanarik 
Rivers.     Area  of  basin,  about  63,000  square  miles. 

Kashgar,  Cashpnr,  orKachgar,  kish'gar',  written 
alw  Caskear  and  Kfishkar,  a  considerable  eitjr  of  Chi- 
nese ToorkisUn,  1-10  miles  N. \V.  uf  Yarkand.  Lat.  30°  25' 
N. ;  Ion.  73°  57'  £.  Pop.  about  16,000,  exclusive  of  a  large 
(Siinese  garrison,  who,  with  the  governor,  occupy  the  cita- 
del. It  is  enelosed  by  an  earthen  rampart,  entered  by  four 
gates,  and  is  divided  into  Mohammedan,  or  Turkish,  and 
('binese  towns.  It  has  manufactures  of  cotton  goods  asd  ar- 
ticles of  gold  and  jasper,  and  exports  briok  tea,  Chinese  raw 
aad  manufactured  silks,  porcelain,  and  rhubarb  to  Bokhara, 
whence  it  receives  Russian,  Indian,  and  other  produce.  Its 
district  oomprisea  14  other  towns.  Kashgar  was  a  commercial 
city  of  importance  before  the  Christian  era.  It  was  for  a 
time  the  capital  of  the  dominions  of  the  late  Yakoob  Bey, 
and  after  bi«  death  it  was  retaken  by  the  Chinese. 

Kashin,  ki'shin,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  73 
miles  N.E.  of  Tver,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Volga.  Lat.  57° 
25'  N. ;  Ion.  37°  25'  K.     Pop.  7516. 

Kashipur,  a  town  of  India.    See  Cassipur. 

Kashira,  or  Kachira,  ki-shee'ri,  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  46  miles  N.N.E.  of  Toola,  on  the  Oka. 
PW).  3373. 

Kashmir^  a  oonntry  of  Asia.    See  Cashvbrb. 

Kasi,  an  ancient  name  of  Behares. 

Kasiinierz,  a  town  of  Poland.     See  Kaeihirrz. 

Kasimov,  Kasimow,  ki-se-mov',  or  KasinoT^  k&- 
se-nov',  also  written  KassimoWf  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment and  67  miles  E.N.E.  of  Riasan,  at  the  junction  of 
the  rivers  Babinka  and  Oka.  Pop.  14,102,  chiefly  employed 
in  the  fur-trade.  It  is  mostly  built  of  wood,  and  has  many 
Tartar  antiquities,  and  manufactures  of  pottery,  cordage, 
and  leather. 

Kaskas'kia,  a  river  of  Illinois,  rises  in  Champaign 
00.,  and  runs  southwestward  through  the  cos.  of  Moultrie, 
Shelby,  Fayette,  Clinton,  and  St.  Clair.  It  finally  runs 
southward  through  Randolph  co.,  and  enters  the  Mississippi 
River  at  Chester.  It  is  nearly  300  miles  long,  and  affords 
valuable  facilities  for  navigation.  It  flows  through  a  fer- 
tile, undulating  country,  which  is  a  part  of  the  great  coal- 
field of  Illinois. 

Kaskaskia,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  HI,  Pop.  1220. 
It  contains  Shobonier. 

Kaskaskia^  a  post-village  of  Randolph  co.,  111.,  on  the 
W.  bank  of  the  Kaskaskia  River,  about  1  mile  E.  of  the 
Mississippi  River,  and  40  miles  S.  of  Belleville.  It  was 
settled  by  the  French  about  1673,  and  was  the  first  capital 
of  Illinois  Territory.     It  has  a  church  and  a  graded  school. 

Kclsmark,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Kesmark. 

Kasoag,  kass-5g',  a  post-hamlet  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  31  miles 
AY.N.W.  of  Rome.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Kas'ota^  a  post-vill.i^e  of  Le  Sueur  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Kasota  township,  on  the  Minnesota  River,  and  on  the  St. 
Paul  A  Sioux  City  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Winona 
A  St.  Peter  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Mankato,  and  3  miles 
S.  of  St.  Peter.  It  has  2  churches,  3  flouring-millg,  and 
extensive  stone-quarries.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1065.  In 
the  vicinity  are  a  state  insane  asylum  and  a  stato  prison. 

Kasowitz,  a  to^n  of  Bohemia.     See  Kassegowitz. 

Kasplia,  kis'pIe-&,  a  river  of  Russia,  joins  the  Dwina 
on  the  left,  after  a  W.X.W.  course  of  about  80  miles. 

Kassaba,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Kasabab. 
'  Kassaba,  kils-s&'b&,  a  walled  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
20  miles  N.  of  Konieh. 

Kassan,  Africa.    See  Cassex. 

Kassnndra,  Turkey.    See  Cassaxdra. 

Kassatotchy,  kis-si-totoh'ee,  one  of  the  Aleutian 
Islands,  is  a  mountain  rising  at  once  out  of  the  sea.  On  its 
summit  is  a  crater  said  to  be  full  of  water. 

Kassegowitz,  k&s'si-go'i^its,  or  Kasowitz,  k&'so- 
♦its',  a  town  of  Bohemia,  21  miles  N.W.  of  Pisek.   Pop.  1894. 

Kassel,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Cassel. 

Kassgunge,  a  town  of  India.    See  Khasgcxge. 

Kassimov,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Kasiuov. 

Kasson,  k&s-son',  a  state  of  West  Africa,  separated 
from  Bambook  on  the  S.  and  W.  by  the  Senegal  River.  The 
French  have  a  station  here,  at  Medina. 

Kas'son,  a  post-office  of  Vanderburg  oo.,  Ind.,  5  miles 
K.W.  of  Evansville. 


Kasson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa,  about  44 
miles  S.W.  of  Des  Moines. 

KassoB,  or  Maple  City,  a  posthamlet  of  LeeUaaw 
00.,  Mich.,  in  Kasson  township,  18  miles  W.N.W.  of  Trav- 
erse City.     Pop.  of  township,  450. 

KassoB,  an  incorporated  port-village  of  Dodge  eo., 
Minn.,  on  the  Chicago  A  Northwe«tern  Railroad,  65  miles 
W.  of  Winona,  and  78  miles  S.  of  St.  Paul.  It  bu  5 
churches,  a  graded  school  of  eight  departments,  a  national 
bank,  a  newspaper  offlee,  a  creamery,  a  fuundrr,  3  grain- 
elevators,andmanufactar«sof wagons, plouebSjAo.  P.  1200. 

KassoB,  a  poet-oflioe  of  McKean  oo..  Pa. 

Kasson,  a  post-offloe  of  Barbour  oo.,  W.  Va. 

Kasson,  a  post-office  of  Manitowoc  oo..  Wis. 

Kassovo,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Kossoto. 

Kassye«Gopang,  k&s'sl-go-pang',  a  town  of  Siaii^ 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Indus,  28  milee  N.  of  Uyderabai. 

Kastamoonee,  Kastamouni,  or  Kastamaal, 
kis't&-moo'nee\  called  also  Castambool,  CastambBi, 
and  Costambonc«  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the  Kara. 
Soo,  114  miles  N.N.E.  of  Angora.  Pop.  38,000.  It  Km 
many  mosques  aad  baths,  with  copper-forges,  eotton-priat- 
in^works,  and  a  trade  in  wool. 

Kastamoonee,  a  vilayet  of  Turkey,  in  Asia  Minor, 
bounded  N.  by  the  Black  Sea,  and  forming  the  northernmost 
part  of  Asia  Minor.  It  is  enclosed  by  Trebizond,  Seeraa, 
Angora,  and  Khodavendighar.  Capital,  Kastamoonee.  Pop. 
about  500,000. 

Kastei,  a  town  of  Hesse.     See  Castel. 

Kasteliann,  k&s't^l-lfiwnS a  town  of  Rhenish  Pnuria, 
21  milee  S.W.  of  Coblenti.     Pop.  1220. 

Kasteloryzo,  Mediterranean.    See  Castelorizo. 

Kastelrutt,  a  town  of  Tyrol.     See  Castei>-Rotto. 

Kastoria,  Kastorea,  k&s-to-ree'a,  or  Kesrie,  kis'- 
ree  (anc.  fklethrum  or  Celetrun),  a  town  of  European  Tur- 
key, in  Albania,  25  miles  S.  of  Monastir,  on  a  peninsula  ii 
the  lake  of  Kastoria,  which  is  about  6  miles  in  length  and 
breadth.     Lat  38°  N. ;  Ion.  21°  25'  E.     Pop.  1800. 

Kastri,  a  village  of  Greece.     See  Castri. 

Kastriknm,  or  Castricum,  k&8'tre-kiim\  a  village 
of  the  Netherlands,  in  North  Holland,  16  miles  S.W.  of 
Amsterdam. 

Kataba,  k&-t&'b&,  a  walled  town  of  Arabia,  in  Yemen, 
50  miles  N.N.W.  of  Aden. 

Katacolo,  k4-ti-ko'lo,  a  cape  and  bay  of  Greece,  on 
the  W.  coast  of  the  Morea,  15  miles  S.  of  Gastouni. 

Katafaaga,  k&-t4-fing'g&,  one  of  the  smaller  Feejeo 
Islands.     Lat.  17°  30'  S. ;  Ion.  179°  2'  W. 

Katagoom,  or  Katagum,  k&-tl-goom',  a  town  of 
Central  Africa,  in  Soodan,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Yeoo,  135 
miles  E.X.E.  of  Kano,     Pop.  8000. 

Katah'din,  sometimes  written  Katahden  and  Ka^ 
tadn,  a  mountain  of  Piscataquis  co..  Me.,  about  130  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Augusta.  It  is  the  most  elevated  land  in  the 
state,  being  5385  feet  in  height. 

Katahdin  Iron-Works,  a  post-office  of  Piscataqois 
CO.,  Me.,  on  Pleasant  River,  54  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bangor. 
Here  is  an  iron-fumace  amidst  beautiful  mountain-scenery. 
Pop.  of  Katahdin  Iron-Works  plantation,  35. 

Katama,  or  Katayma,  ka-ta'ma,  a  station  and  sum- 
mer resort  in  Edgartown  township,  Dukes  oo.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Martha's  Vineyard  Railroad,  near  Katama  Bay,  3  miles  S. 
of  Edgartown.     It  has  a  large  hotol. 

Katanska,  a  river  of  Siberia.     See  Khatanga. 

Katcha,  ki'chi,  a  river  of  Russia,  after  a  N.N.W. 
course  of  about  45  miles,  falls  into  the  Black  Sea  18  milei 
N.  of  Sevastopol. 

Katchall,  k&tch'&U',  or  Katschnll,  k&tch'ull',  one 
of  the  Nicobar  Islands,  in  the  Bay  of  Bengal.  Lat.  (N. 
point)  8°  1'  N. ;  Ion.  93°  26'  E.  It  is  about  12  miles  long 
and  9  miles  in  the  greatest  breadth. 

Katharinaberg,  ki-ti-ree'nl-bSRo',  a  village  of  Bo- 
hemia, 10  miles  N.W.  of  BrUx.     Pop.  1711. 

Katharinaberg,  or  Katerdorf,  kA't?r-doRr,  a  mi- 
ning town  of  Bohemia,  16  miles  W.  of  Toplitz.     Pop.  1038. 

Kathay.    See  Cathay. 

Kathee,  a  country  of  Farther  India.     See  Mu.fEEPOOB. 

Kathemain,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Kazamees. 

Kathlaniba,  mountains  of  Africa.     See  Qiiathlaicba- 

Kathu,  ki't'hooS  a  town  of  Burmah,  on  the  Irrawaddy, 
154  miles  N.  of  Ava. 

Katif,  a  town  of  Arabia.     See  El  Katip. 

Katiwar,  India.     See  Kattvwar. 

Katlabnga,  kit-li-boo'gi,  a  lake  of  Russia,  in  Bes- 
sarabia, 12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ismail.  Greatest  length,  II 
miles ;  greatest  breadth,  6  miles. 

Katmandoo,  or  Kathmaro.    See  Kbathaxdoo. 


KAT 


1537 


KAZ 


.  Kato'nah,  a  post-village  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  in 

tedford  township,  on  the  New  York  <fe  Harlem  Railroad, 
jnd  on  or  near  the  Croton  River,  44  miles  N.  by  E.  of  New 
'ork.  It  has  3  churches,  a  foundry,  a  carriage-factory, 
!nd  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  about  700. 
■  Kator,  ki-tor',  a  town  of  Sinde,  on  the  Narra  branch 
f  the  Indus,  108  miles  N.N.E.  of  Hyderabad. 

Katragam,  k&Hri-g&m',  ur  Kaddirkamam,  k&d^- 

ir-k4-mim',  a  celebrated  place  of  pilgrimage  in  Ceylon, 

is  miles  E.S.E.  of  Colombo. 

i  Katriue,Loch.   See  Locii  Katiunk. 

Katsa'ra,  a  town  of  Boglipoor  district,  Bengal.  P.  3800. 

Katschalinsk,  kit-shi-linsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
rnment  of  Don  Cossacks,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Don,  36 
jiiles  N.W.  of  Tsaritsin.  Lat.  49°  5'  N. ;  Ion.  40°  E. 
j  Katscher,  kitch'^r,  or  Ketrz,  a  frontier  town  of 
I'russiau  Silesia,  42  miles  S.S.E.  of  Oppeln.  Pop.  3699. 
t  KatschuH,  one  of  the  Nicobar  Islands.  See  Katchall. 
I  Katse'na,  a  town  of  Soodan,  Central  Africa,  empire  of 
laccatoo,  capital  of  the  province  and  80  miles  N.W.  of  Kano. 
I'op.  formerly  100,000,  now  7000.  This  region  is  one  of  the 
jnest  countries  of  Negroland. 

Katt,  kitt,  a  town  of  Central  Asia,  27  miles  N.  of  Khiva. 
I  Kattegat,  a  strait  of  North  Europe.    See  Cattegat. 
I  Kattenhowen,  the  German  for  Catteno.v. 
i  Kat'tleville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
r  miles  N.  of  Binghamton,  and  1  mile  from  Chenango  Bridge 
'Station.     It  has  a  church. 

i'  Kattowitz,  kit'to--*itz,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  at 
jhe  junction  of  several  railways,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Beuthen. 
(X  has  coal-mines,  iron- works,  and  tile-shops.    Pop.  11,402. 

Kattywar,  or  Katiwar^  kit-eo-war',  also  called 
fiattiawar,  a  peninsula  of  India,  on  its  W.  coast,  be- 
jween  the  Gulfs  of  Cutch  and  Cambay,  and  belonging  to 
•he  province  of  Guzerat.  It  is  mostly  made  up  of  11  prin- 
iipal  and  some  minor  native  states,  partly  tributary  to  the 
iJritish  and  partly  to  Baroda.  Area,  21,100  square  miles. 
f*op.,  exclusive  of  certain  small  British  districts,  2,312,629. 
it  is  covered  with  irregular  ranges  of  low  hills,  and  is  very 
jertile,  but  has  an  insalubrious  climate. 
j  Katunga,  ki-tung'gS,,  or  E yeo,  i'yo,  a  town  of  Africa, 
Ihe  capital  of  Yarriba,  81  miles  S.  of  Boossa.  Lat.  8°  69' 
\L;  Ion.  4°  25'  E. 

t  Katnngwa,  k4-tung'wi,  a  town  of  Central  Africa,  on 
jhe  route  between  Kano  and  Katagoom. 
j  Katwyk-  (orKatwijk-)  aan-den-Ryn,  k^t'^ik- 
I.n-d5n-rin,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  4  miles  N.W.  of 
'jcyden. 

[  Katwyk-aan-Zee,  kit'*ik-S,n-z4,  a  village  of  the 
j'Tethcrlands,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Leyd'en,  on  the  coast,  at  the 
aouth  of  the  Rhine.  Here  are  enormous  stone  dikes,  with 
';atc8  to  exclude  the  sea  at  high  tide.  Pop.  5349. 
I  Katyf,  a  town  of  Arabia.  See  El  Katif. 
i  Katzbach,  kits'biK,  a  river  of  Prussian  Silesia,  joins 
he  Oder  on  the  left,  29  miles  N.W.  of  Breslau,  after  a  total 
luurse  of  35  miles.  On  its  banks  the  Prussians  gained  a 
I'ictory  over  the  French  in  1813. 

i   Katzenbuckel,  kits'en-boSk'k?!,   in   Baden,  is  the 
lighest  point  of  the  Odenwald.     Height,  2300  feet. 
(   Katzenellenbogen,  kits'§n-firi§n-bo'gh§n,  a  village 
|if  Prussia,  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Nassau.     Pop.  1096. 
I   Katzhiitte,  kits'hiit't^h,  a  village  of  Schwarzburg- 
liudolstadt,  on  the  Schwartz,  S.  of  Konigsee.     Pop.  1285. 
1    Kauai,  one  of  the  Sandwich  Islands.     See  Atauai. 
!    Kaucliany,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Kaoochanu 
I   Kauen,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Kov.no. 

Kaufbeuren,  kowf'boi^r?n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in 
j5wabia,  on  the  Wertach,  36  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Augs- 
>urg.  It  has  factories  for  yarn,  cotton  cloth,  machinery, 
iiaper,  Ac.     Pop.  5553. 

I  Haufi'man,  kawf'man,  or  Brown's  Mills,  a  post- 
uamlet  of  Franklin  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Cumberland  Valley 
!Slailroad,  8  miles  S.  by  W.  from  Chambersburg. 
;  Kaufiristan,  a  country  of  Asia.  See  Kafiristan. 
j  Kaufman,  kawfman,  a  northeastern  county  of  Texas, 
jiBS  an  area  of  about  800  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
i;he  S.W.  by  Trinity  River,  and  is  also  d#ined  by  Cedar 
rSreek.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Texas  A  Pacific  and  Hous- 
ton &  Texas  Central  Railways.  The  surface  is  diversified 
with  prairies  and  tracts  of  timber.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Cattle,  cotton,  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products. 
Capital,  Kaufman.  Pop.  in  1870,  6895;  in  1880,  15,448; 
in  1890,  21,598. 

;  Kaufman,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Kaufman  co.,  Tex., 
'on  Cedar  Creek,  at  the  junction  of  two  railways,  35  miles 
I  S.E.  of  Dallas.  It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  and  3  news- 
pftper  offices.    Pop.  in  1890,  1282. 


Kaukauna,  kaw-kaw'na,  an  incorporated  city  of  Outa- 
gamie CO.,  Wis.,  on  Fox  River,  by  which  it  is  divided  into 
two  sections  (known  as  Kaukauna  and  South  Kaukauna), 
and  on  the  Chicajjo  A  Northwestern  and  Milwaukee,  Lake 
Shore  A  Western  Railroads,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Appleton.  The 
city  has  8  churches,  a  high,  2  graded,  and  3  parochial 
schools,  5  paper-mills,  8  pulp-mills,  2  Hour-mills,  a  sash-, 
door-,  and  blind-factory,  2  machine-shops,  an  electric-light 
plant,  several  stone-quarries,  and  railroad  repair-shops, 
Ixjund-house,  Ac.  Pop.  in  1880,  834;  in  1890,  4667. 
^Kaula,  one  of  the^Sandwich  Islands.    See  Tahooua. 

Kaunitz,  kow'nits,  or  Konicz,  ko'nits^,  a  village  of 
Bohemia,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Kaurzim.     Pop.  1661. 

Kaurzim,  kowR'zim,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  25  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Prague.     Pop.  2780. 

Kausiki,  the  Hindoo  for  Cost. 

Kausooth,  kaw^sooth',  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co., 
W.  Va.,  5  miles  from  Bellton  Station. 

Kanth,  kowt,  Gauth,  gowt,  or  Kauty,  kow'tee,  a 
village  of  Bohemia,  20  miles  W.  of  Klattau.     Pop.  1425. 

Kavala,  k&-v&'l&,  or  Cavallo,  kk-vkVlo,  a  walled 
seaport  town  of  European  Turkey,  on  the  .lEgean  Sea,  oppo- 
site the  island  of  Thasos.  Pop.  4000.  It  has  a  citadel, 
and  an  export  trade  in  cotton  and  tobacco.  Nine  miles  S.W, 
is  Eskee  (or  Old)  Kavala  (anc.  Neapolis). 

Kavaya,  Kav^ua,  k&-vi'&,  or  KovtO^t  ko-vi'i,  a 
town  of  European  Turkey,  in  Albania,  on  a  river,  about  3 
miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Adriatic,  where  it  has  a  port, 
8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Durazzo.  Pop.  9550,  mostly  Moham- 
medans. 

Kavcn,  or  Kawen,  Pacific.     See  Calvert. 

Kavv,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Kan- 
sas River.     Pop.  747.     It  contains  Grantville. 

Kaw,  a  township  of  Jackson  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1612. 

Kawar'do,  a  native  state  of  India,  Central  Provincoo. 
Area,  887  square  miles.     Pop.  75,462. 

Kawau,  kJ,-w4w',  a  rocky  island  of  New  Zealand,  in 
the  Gulf  of  Hauraki,  30  miles  N.  of  Auckland,  25  miles  in 
circumference.     Copper  was  formerly  mined  here. 

KaAVe'ah  (or  Cawiah,  ka-wee'a)  Peak,  California, 
a  peak  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  near  lat.  36°  30'  N.,  about  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Mount  Silliman,  and  about  20  miles  W.  of 
Mount  Whitney.  Its  altitude  is  said  to  be  14,000  feet  above 
the  sea-level.  It  is  formed  of  granitic  rocks,  and  partly 
covered  with  forests  of  fir,  pine,  Ac. 

KawkaAV'lin,  a  post-village  of  Bay  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Kawkawlin  River,  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  and  on 
the  Michigan  Central  Railroad  (Mackinaw  division),  6  miles 
N.  of  Bay  City.  It  has  a  large  saw-mill  and  a  planing- 
mill.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Saginaw  Bay. 
Pop.  of  township,  in  1880,  U18;  in  1890,1249. 

Kawkawlin  Uiver,  Michigan,  a  small  stream  which 
runs  nearly  eastward  through  Bay  co.,  and  enters  Saginaw 
Bay  about  6  miles  N.  of  Bay  City. 

Kaw  River.    See  Kansas  River. 

Kawschani,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  KAOOcnAXi. 

Kaw  Valley,  a  post-office  of  AVyandotte  co.,  Kansas. 

Kayaderos'seras  Mountains,  in  the  E.  part  of 
New  York,  are  situated  in  Warren  co.,  IJetween  Lake  George 
and  Schroon  River. 

Kayes,  kaz,  an  island  of  the  North  Pacific  Ocean, 
Alaska,  in  lat.  59°  48'  N.,  Ion.  144°  28'  W. 

Kayesikang  River,  Wisconsin.    See  Shell  River. 

Kayinga  Lake.    See  Victoria  Lake. 

Kaylor,  ka'lQr,  a  station  in  Cambria  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Ebensburg  A  Cresson  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Ebensburg. 

Kayor,  a  state  of  Africa.    See  Cayor. 

Kaysersberg,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Kaisersbero. 

Kaysville,  kaz'vil,  a  post-village  of  Davis  co.,  Utah, 
on  the  Utah  Central  Railroad,  16  miles  S.  of  Ogdon.  Pop. 
about  600. 

Kaza,  or  S^o-Kaza,  soh'yo  koh'zoh\  a  village  of 
Hungary,  30  miles  from  Miskolcz,  on  the  Sajo.     Pop.  1340. 

Kazalinsk,  or  Cazalinsk,  kil-zi-linsk',  a  town  of 
Russian  Toorkistan,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Jaxartes,  100 
miles  from  its  mouth.  It  has  several  windmills,  a  public 
garden,  forts  and  barracks,  and  a^  iron  floating-dock  for 
steamers.     Pop.  2944. 

Kazameen,  or  Kazamin,  ki-z^-mcen',  a  town  of 
Asiatic  Turkey,  8  miles  N.AV.  of  Bagdad,  on  the  Tigris. 
Pop.  12,000,  mostly  Persians. 

Kazan,  Kasan,  or  Casan,  k^-z&n',  a  government 
in  the  E.  part  of  European  Russia,  bounded  E.  by  Oren- 
boorg,  S.  by  Simbeersk,  W.  bj'  Novgorod,  and  N.  by  Viatka. 
Area,  23,970  square  miles.  Pop.  1,704,624.  The  surface  is 
flat,  and  is  traversed  by  the  Volga  and  the  Kama,  which 
here  unite,    A  great  portion  is  covered  with  forests.    The 


KAZ 


1538 


KED 


mlnoralt  oompriae  oopper,  gypantn,  potter's  olay,  and  lime. 
The  ohief  oro|ta  are  ryo,  whont,  lint,  and  hemp.  One-half 
of  the  people  are  Russians,  one-third  Tartars,  and  the  rest 
are  of  Finnic  tribes.  The  kingdom  of  Kasnn,  or  Ciisnn, 
diirin;{  the  sway  of  tlie  Tartiirs  of  the  Ooldon  Horde, 
oomprohended  the  Russian  Kovornmonts  of  Kazan  proper, 
Vintlcn,  Perm.  Simbeersk,  and  Ponia.  It  was  ori){inally 
peopled  by  Finns,  who  were  vanquished  by  the  Tartars. 
In  15.i2,  Ivan  Vassiliovitoh  II.,  by  the  taking  of  Kazan, 
destroyed  the  Tartar  power,  and  annexed  the  territory  to 
Kus.-<ia  OS  a  kingdom. 

Kazant  or  Kasan*  a  fortified  city  of  Russia,  capital 
of  the  above  eovornmont,  near  its  centre,  on  the  Kazanska, 
near  its  moutn  in  the  Volga,  430  miles  £.  of  Moscow.  Pop. 
(I8S3)  140,726.  It  is  composed  of  three  parts, — the  cit- 
adel, the  town,  and  suburbs.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop,  and 
has  a  magnetic  observatory,  an  arsenal,  and  a  powder-mag- 
azine. Kazan  has  long  been  celebrated  for  its  educational 
establishments.  Its  university,  founded  in  1804,  has  a 
library  of  80,000  volumes,  an  observatory,  a  botanic  garden, 
and  several  museums,  and  the  town  has  2  gymnasia,  a  nor- 
mal school,  a  veterinary  college,  a  theological  seminary,  a 
military  school,  and  public  schools.  It  has  extensive  man- 
ufactures of  cloths,  cottons,  cutlery,  jewelry,  and  soap,  with 
morocco-leather  tanneries,  and  distilleries.  Kazan  is  the 
entrepCt  of  the  commerce  between  Siberia,  Bokhara,  and 
European  Russia,  and  has  an  extensive  trade  on  the  Volga. 
It  wiis  several  times  nearly  ruined  by  fire. 

Kazanskaia,  k&-zJLn-ski'&,  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment of  Don  Cossacks,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Don,  156 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Voronezh. 

Kazbek,  a  mountain  of  Caucasus.     See  Kasbec 

Kazbin,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Kasbi.v. 

Kazdagh)  a  mountain  of  Asia.    See  Garoarus. 

Kazembe,  a  country  of  Africa.     See  Cazkmbe. 

Kazeroon,  Kazeroun,  or  Kazerun,  ki-zi-roon', 
a  decayed  town  of  Persia,  province  of  Fars,  55  miles  W.  of 
Shocraz.  It  is  said  to  have  several  thousand  inhabitants, 
with  cotton-manufactures. 

Kazimierz,  or  Kazimirz,  ki-zhe-meoRzh',  a  town 
of  Russian  Poland,  in  Kalisz,  37  miles  N.  of  Konin.   P.  1168. 

Kazimierz,  orKaziniirz,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland, 
25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lublin,  near  the  Vistula,     Pop.  2606. 

Kaz-Tagh,  the  Turkish  name  of  Ida. 

KazVihi,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Kasbi.v. 

Kdynie,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  NEOGEnEiv. 

Keady,  k&'deo,  a  village  of  Ireland,  in  Ulster,  co.  and 
7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Armagh.  Pop.  1115.  It  has  manufao- 
tures  of  linen. 

Kealakeakua,k4-i-l&-k&-&-koo'&,orKarakakooa, 
k4-ri-kd,-koo'i  ("path  of  the  gods"),  a  bay  on  the  W.  coast 
of  the  island  of  Hawaii,  in  which  Captain  Cook  was  killed. 
It  is  about  2  miles  broad,  penetrates  1  mile  inland,  and  the 
shore  all  round  is  covered  with  black  coral  rock,  rendering 
landing  difficult  except  at  the  village  of  Kakooa,  where 
there  is  a  fine  sandy  beach. 

Keang"  Yin,  kA-4ng'-ycen',  a  town  of  China,  province 
of  Kiang-Soo,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Yang-tse-Kiang,  86 
miles  E.  of  Nanking. 

Kearney,  kar'ne,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Kansas, 
Ikas  an  urea  of  nbout  864  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Arkansas  River  and  by  the  Atchi?on,  Topeka  &  Santa 
re  Railroad.     Pop.  in  1880,  150;  in  1890,  1571. 

Kearney,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Nebraska,  has  an 
area  of  about  525  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  Platte  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level. 
The  soil  is  calcareous  and  produces  good  natural  pasture. 
Timber  is  scarce  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Burlington  &  Missouri  River  and  St.  Joseph  &  Grand  Island 
Railroads.  Capital,  Minden.  Pop.  in  1870,  58  j  in  1876, 
803;  in  1880,  4072;  in  1890,  9061. 

Kearney,  a  post-village  in  Kearney  township,  Clayoo., 
Mo.,  on  Fishing  Creek,  and  on  the  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph 
RaiiroUd,  24  miles  N.N.E.  of  Kansas  City.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and 
ploughs.     Pop.  about  750  ;  of  the  township  in  1890,  2533. 

Kearney,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Buffalo  co..  Neb.,  on 
the  Union  Pacific  and  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Rail- 
roads, 198  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Omaha.  It  has  4  national 
banks,  1  state  bank,  1  savings-bank,  13  church  edifices 
costing  from  $5000  to  $18,000  each,  3  daily,  1  semi-weekly, 
and  4  weekly  newspapers,  a  cotton-mill,  an  electric  flour- 
mill,  a  plough-factory,  an  oat-meal  mill,  iron-  and  brass- 
foundries,  5  miles  of  electric  street-railway,  21  miles  of 
water-mains,  and  unlimited  water-power.  Pop.  in  1880, 
1782;  in  1890,  8074;  present  pop.  about  12.000. 

Kearneysville,  West  Virginia.    See  Kernetsvillx. 


Kearny,  kar'ne,  a  township  in  Hudson  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Pa*«aic  River,  and  on  the  Now  York,  Lake  Erie  A  U'eKtera 
Railroad,  opposite  Newark,  with  which  it  is  connected  by 
a  bridge.  It  has  7  churches,  5  public  schools  (1  being  a 
high  School),  1  nowsqinper,  a  Young  Men's  Christian  Asso- 
elation  Inrtilute,  and  manufactures  of  mining  machinery, 
cotton  and  linen  thread,  linoleum,  small  metal  goods,  cel- 
luloid, sand-paper,  4o.     Pop.  in  1880,  777  ;  in  1890,  7064. 

Kearsarge,  keer'sarj,  a  mountain  of  Merrimack  co., 
N.ll.,  about  22  miles  N.W.  of  Concord.  Altitude,  2943  feet. 
Its  summit  is  naked  granite.  Another  Koarsarge,  calleil 
also  Kiarsarge  and  Pequawket,  is  in  Carroll  co.,  just 
N.E.  of  the  village  of  North  Conway,  and  is  3251  feet  high, 

Kearsarge,  a  post-oflice  of  Elie  co..  Pa.,  4  miles  S.  of 
Erie  City. 

Kearsarge  Village,  a  village  and  summer  resort  of 
Carroll  co.,  N.ll.,  1  mile  from  North  Conway  Station.  It 
has  a  church  and  several  large  boarding-houses, 

Kearsley  (k^rz'le)  Creek,  of  Michigan,  falls  into 
Flint  River  in  Genesee  co. 

Keatchie,  or  Keche,  kee'ohee,  a  post-village  of  De 
Soto  parish,  La.,  25  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Shreveport.  It  has 
a  seminary  for  girls,  and  3  churches.     Pop.  about  300. 

Keating,  kee'ting  (Nosby  Post-Office),  a  village  of 
Clinton  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Philadelphia  <k  Erie  Railroad,  13 
miles  S.W,  of  Renovo.     Pop.  of  Keating  township,  1435. 

Keating,  a  township  of  McKean  co.,  Pa,  Pop,  1435. 
It  contains  Smethport,  the  county  town. 

Keating,  a  township  of  Potter  co..  Pa.  Pop.  78.  It 
contains  Keating  Station,  at  Forest  House  (which  see). 

Keator's  (kee'tprz)  Corners,  a  station  in  Ulster 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Wallkill  Valley  Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of 
Kingston. 

Keats^kotoos',  a  post-office  of  Platte  co..  Neb. 

Keban-AIaden,ka-bAn'-in&'d^n,Kebbnn-I>Inden, 
kfib'bin'-mi'd^n.  or  Kaban>Maaden,  k4-bin'-ma'd?n, 
a  mining  town  of  Turkish  Armenia,  pashalic  and  88  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Diarbekir,  on  the  Upper  Euphrates.  It  has 
from  400  to  500  families,  mostly  Greeks  and  Armenians. 

Kechan,  kfich^in',  a  town  of  Turkey  in  Europe,  in 
Roumelia,  N.  of  Gallipoli.     Pop.  1000. 

Kechi,  kee'chee,  a  township  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  456. 

Kecho,  a  city  of  Annam.    See  Ketcho. 

Keek's  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Johnstown  township,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Fonda.  It  has  2 
paper-mills. 

Keek's  Chapel,  a  post-office  of  Claiborne  co.,  Tenn. 

Keek's  Church,  a  post-oflSce  of  Martin  co.,  Ind. 

Kecskemet,  or  Ketskemet,  kdch'kdmNiit',  written 
also  Keczkemet,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  50  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Pesth.  Pop.  41,539,  mostly  employed  in 
breeding  live-stock,  tanning,  soap-making,  and  growing 
wine.  It  has  various  churches,  gymnasia,  a  normal  school, 
a  school  of  design,  an  orphan  asylum,  and  a  hospital. 

Keczel,  kfits'dr,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co  and  35  miles 
W.  of  Pesth.  It  has  a  church  and  a  trade  in  corn,  wine, 
and  cattle.     Pop.  4105. 

Kedda,  or  Kedah,  Malay  Peninsula.     See  Queda. 

Kedel,  kiMSl',  a  village  of  West  Africa,  in  Foota- 
Damga,  on  the  Senegal.     Lat.  15°  46'  N. ;  Ion.  13°  2'  W. 

Kedesh  (kee'desh)  of  Naph'tali,  written  also  Ke- 
des,  a  village  of  Palestine,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Paneas. 

Ked'geree%  or  Kyari,  kij'i-ree\a  village  of  British 
India,  in  Bengal,  on  the  Hoogly  River,  near  its  mouth. 

Kedikalah,  Asia  Minor.     See  Vezeer-Kopri. 

Kediri,  kA-dee'ree\  a  province  in  the  island  of  Java, 
on  its  S.  coast.     Pop.  676,800. 

Kediri,  a  town  in  the  island  of  Java,  capital  of  the 
above  province,  60  miles  S.W.  of  Soerabaya,  on  the  Kediri. 
It  is  the  residence  of  the  governor,  and  has  a  small  bazaar 
and  a  mosque.     Pop.  6000. 

Kediri  (or  Brantas,  brUn'tis*)  River,  Java,  is 
formed  of  two  streams,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Kediri,  flows  N. 
and  N.E.,  and  falls  into  the  Strait  of  Madura,  one  arm  at 
Soerabaya,  the  other  25  miles  farther  S.,  at  Banjil.  Total 
course,  about  IQi  miles. 

Kedje,  or  Kej,  k5j  (anc.  Chobda,  or  Choddat),  a 
town  of  Beloochistan,  capital  of  Mekran,  on  the  Doostee 
River,  in  lat.  26°  30'  N.,  Ion.  62°  30'  E.  It  stands  at 
the  foot  of  a  rook  crowned  by  a  fort,  and  had  formerly 
3000  houses  and  extensive  trade,  but  has  fallen  into  decay. 

Kedoe,  a  province  of  Java.     See  Kadok. 

Kedoos,  Kedous,  or  Kedus.    See  Sarabat. 

Kedron,  keo'dr^n,  or  Kidron,  kid'ron,  a  brook  of 
Palestine,  proceeds  through  the  valley  of  Jehoshaphat, 
N.W.  of  Jerusalem,  past  which  city  it  continues  on  the  £.» 


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1539 


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separating  it  from  the  Mount  of  Olives,  and  thence  20  miles 
E.S.B.  to  the  Dead  Sea.  It  is  a  mere  torrent,  flowing  only 
during  and  after  rains. 

Ke'droii,  a  post-office  of  Coweta  co.,  Ga. 

Kedroii,  a  township  of  Woodbury  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  262. 

Kedron,  a  post-office  of  Osage  co.,  Kansas. 

Kedroii,  a  post-office  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn. 

Kedywaree,  k6d-e-wi'ree,  an  offset  from  the  W.  side 
of  the  Sata,  the  great  eastern  mouth  of  the  Indus,  in  lat. 
24°  T  N.,  Ion.  67°  28'  E.  It  is  one  of  the  main  entrances 
to  the  river. 

Keea-Hing-Foo,  ki'1-hing-foo,  a  city  of  China, 
province  of  Che-Kiang,  50  miles  N.W.  of  Ning-Po,  on  the 
Imperial  Canal. 

Keeb'ler's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Washing- 
ton CO.,  Tcnn.,  5i  miles  from  Jonesborough. 

Keebt,  the  Turkish  name  of  Egypt, 

Kecchie,  or  Keechi,  kee'chee,  a  post-office  of  Leon 
CO.,  Tex.,  on  the  International  &  Great  Northern  Railroad, 
27  miles  S.W.  of  Palestine. 

Keechie  Creek,  Texas,  runs  southeastward  through 
Leon  CO.,  and  enters  the  Trinity  River.  The  Upper  Keechie 
rises  in  Freestone  co.,  runs  southeastward,  and  enters  the 
Trinity  River  in  Leon  co.  about  16  miles  above  the  mouth 
of  the  former  creek. 

Kee'dysville,  a  post-village  of  Washington  oo.,  Md., 
on  the  Washington  County  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  II  miles  S.  of  Hagerstown,  and  1  mile  E.  of  An- 
tietam  Creek.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  carriage-factory. 
Here  is  the  Antietam  National  Cemetery.    Pop.  about  500. 

Kee'fer's  Coruers,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albany  co., 
N.Y.,  about  16  miles  S.W.  of  Albany.     It  has  a  church. 

Keekoskee,  Wisconsin.    See  Kekoskee. 

Keelang,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Kelang. 

Kee'ler,  a  township  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
1131.     It  contains  Keelersville. 

Kee'ler's  Bay,  a  post-office  of  Grand  Isle  co.,  Vt.,  on 
Lake  Champlain. 

Kee'lersburg,  a  post-office  of  Wyoming  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Susquehanna  River,  8  miles  below  Tunkhannock. 

Kee'lersville,  a  post-village  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich., 
in  Keeler  township,  10  miles  W.  of  Decatur.  It  has  3 
3hurohcs  and  2  wagon-shops.     Pop.  about  250. 

Keel'ing,  a  post-office  of  Haywood  co.,  Tenn. 

Keel'ing  (or  Co'cos)  Islands,  a  group  in  the  In- 
dian Ocean,  belonging  to  Great  Britain,  in  lat.  12°  5'  S., 
Ion.  96°  53'  E.,  consisting  of  Ilorsburg  and  Keeling,  with 
several  smaller  islands,  on  which  a  few  English  inhabitants 
and  Malays  are  settled.  These  islands  abound  with  cocoa- 
palms  and  have  good  water. 

Keels,  a  seaport  of  Newfoundland,  on  Bonavista  Bay, 
in  lat.  4S°  38'  N.,  Ion.  53°  26'  W. 

Kee-Lung,  orKeMung',  a  town  and  treaty-port  of 
China,  in  Formosa,  on  its  N.  coast,  25  miles  E.  of  Tamsui. 
It  is  much  visited  by  steamers  for  coal,  which  is  mined  near 
by.  Camphor,  coal,  and  coal-dust  are  shipped  hence  to  the 
mainland. 

KeeI'ville,  a  post-village  of  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Lyon  township,  about  13  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Baxter  Springs. 
It  has  a  church,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  plough-factory. 

Keelwa,  or  Kilwah,  East  Africa.     See  Quiloa. 

Keen'ansville,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario, 
18  miles  W.  of  Bradford.  It  contains  a  woollen-mill  and  2 
stores.     Pop.  150. 

Keene,  keen,  a  station  in  Kern  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  South- 
ern Pacific  Railroad,  36  miles  S.E.  of  Bakersfleld. 

Keene,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  111.  Pop.  1283.  It 
contains  Woodville  and  Loraine. 

Keene,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wabaunsefe  co.,  Kansas,  about 
20  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Topeka. 

Keene,  a  post- village  of  Jessamine  co.,  Ky.,  11  miles 
S.W.  of  Lexington.    It  has  grist-  and  saw-mills.    Pop.  500. 

Keene,  a  township  of  Ionia  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1024. 

Keene,  a  post-office  of  Kearney  co..  Neb.,  24  miles  S. 
of  Kearney  Junction. 

Keene,  a  beautiful  city,  the  capital  of  Cheshire  co., 
N.ll.,  in  Keene  township,  on  the  Ashuelot  River,  and  on 
the  Cheshire  division  of  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  the  Ash- 
uelot division  of  the  Connecticut  River  Railroad,  and  the 
Southern  division  of  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad.  It  is 
42  miles  N.W.  of  Fitchburg,  Mass.,  92  miles  N.W.  of 
Boston,  and  about  50  miles  W.S.W.  of  Concord.  It  is  built 
on  level  ground,  lias  wide  and  straight  streets,  mostly  or- 
namented with  shade-trees,  and  contains  a  court-house,  8 
churches,  4  national  banks,  2  savings-banks,  a  city  hall,  a 
high  school,  and  a  public  library.  One  daily  and  2  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.     Keene  has  manufactures 


of  furniture,  leather,  pottery,  chairs,  woollen  goods,  bricks, 
and  carriages.     Pop.  in  1890,  7446. 

Keene,  a  post-village  in  Keene  township,  Essex  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  East  Fork  of  the  Au  Sable  River,  39  miles 
S.S.W,  of  Plattsburg.  It  has  2  churches  and  several  saw- 
mills. The  township  comprises  Mount  Marcy  and  other 
peaks  of  the  Adirondack  Mountains.    Pop.  of  township,  758. 

Keene,  a  post-village  in  Keene  township,  Coshocton  co., 
0.,  6  miles  N.  of  Coshocton,  and  about  30  miles  N.  of 
Zanesville.     It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  of  township,  787. 

Keene,  a  post-hamlet  in  Buena  Vista  township.  Por- 
tage co.,AVis.,  6  miles  E.  of  Bancroft  Railroad  Station,  and 
about  60  miles  N.  of  Portage  City.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
foundry,  a  machine-shop,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Keene,  a  post-village  in  Peterborough  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Rice  Lake,  12  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Peterborough.  It  con- 
tains 2  hotels,  5  stores,  a  tannery,  and  saw-  and  grist-mills. 
Steamers  run  between  here  and  Harwood.     Pop.  400. 

Kee'ner,  a  township  of  Jasper  co.,  Ind.,  in  the  "  Oak 
Barrens,"  bounded  N.  by  the  river  Kankakee.     Pop.  71. 

Kee'ners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co..  Mo.,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad. 

Kee'nerville,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.,  N.C.,  12 
miles  E.  of  Bakersville. 

Keene's,  a  station  in  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  28  miles  N.E. 
of  Watertown. 

Keene  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Keene  township,  near  Mount  Marcy.  It  has  a  church  and 
several  boarding-houses. 

Kee'ney's  Settlement,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cortland 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  22  miles  S.S.E.  of  Syracuse. 

Kee'neyville,  a  post-village  of  Tioga  co..  Pa.,  about 
33  miles  S.W.  of  Elmira,  N.Y.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
lumber-mill. 

Keensburg,  keenz'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wabash  oo., 
111.,  on  the  Cairo  &  Vincennes  Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of 
Mount  Carmel.     It  has  3  churches. 

Keen's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Androscoggin  co..  Me., 
on  the  Androscoggin  River,  14  miles  N.  of  Lewiston. 

Keeu'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  111.,  about  27 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Centralia. 

.Keenville,  or  Keensville,  a  hamlet  of  Snyder  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  i  mile  from  Sunbury.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  saw-mill. 

Kceo,  a  city  of  Japan.    See  Miako. 

Keepawa,  keep'i-w3,,  a  river  of  Quebec,  having  a 
number  of  lakes  as  tributaries,  flows  from  the  N.E.  about 
120  miles,  and  plunges  into  Lake  Tomiscamingue,  in  a  mag- 
nificent cascade  150  feet  in  height,  776  miles  above  tha 
mouth  of  the  Ottawa.  Several  miles  above  the  falls  it  ex- 
pands into  a  large  and  deeply-indented  lake  having  an 
area  of  92  square  miles.  This  lake  is  760  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  sea,  and  surrounded  by  forests. 

Keep  Tryst,  Maryland.     See  Sa.xdy  Hook. 

Keep'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  Pa.,  near  the  Erie 
&  Pittsburg  Railroad,  1^  miles  from  Albion,  and  28  miles 
S.W.  of  Erie.     It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Keerbergen,  kaiu'bdR'oh^n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  In 
Brabant,  on  the  Dyle,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Brussels.    Pop.  2087. 

Keer^noor',a  considerable  village  of  British  India,  13 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Trichinopoly. 

Keer'poy',  Khirpai,  keer^pl',  or  Kur^poy',  a  town 
of  Bengal,  52  miles  W.  of  Calcutta,  with  cotton-weaving 
establishments. 

Keerutpoor,  or  Kiratpur,  kee-riit-poor',  a  town  of 
the  Bijnaur  district,  India.     Pop.  9579, 

Keesevillc,  keez'vll,  a  post- villageof  Clinton  and  Essex 
COS.,  N.Y,,  on  both  sides  of  the  Au  Sable  River,  15  miles 
S,  of  Plattsburg,  and  4  miles  W.  of  Lake  Champlain.  It 
contains  6  churches,  a  national  bank,  an  academy  or  union 
free  school,  a  newspaper  office,  2  rolling-mills,  and  man- 
ufactures of  iron,  nails,  furniture,  wagons,  Ac.  Iron  ore 
abounds  in  the  vicinity.  Pop,  (1890)  2103.  Near  this  place 
the  Au  Sable  River  flows  through  a  deep  chasm  between 
vertical  walls  of  Potsdam  sandstone,  and  falls  90  feet. 

Keetah,  a  town  of  India,    See  Kaita. 

Kee'ver,  a  post-office  of  Ellsworth  co,,  Kansas. 

Keewatin,  kee-wah'tin,  a  district  of  the  Dominion  of 
Canada,  attached,  for  administrative  purposes,  to  Manitoba, 
and  temporarily  governed  by  stipendiary  magistrates.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Hudson's  Bay  and  the  jirovince  of 
Ontario  (a  line  running  N.  and  S.,  a  few  miles  W.  of  Ion. 
91°  W.,  being  the  present  conventional  limit),  on  the  S.. 
by  the  province  of  Manitoba,  and  W.  by  Saskatchewan  and 
the  North-West  Territories,  the  W.  line  running  due  N.  on 
the  meridian  of  100°  10'  W.   Area,  282,000  square  miles.   It 


KBB 


1540 


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k  trarened  by  the  Canadian  Paciflo  Railway,  and  haa  a 
colony  of  Icolanders,  with  its  oapital  at  Uinili. 

KeewatiU)  a  atjition  of  the  Keewatin  district,  on  the 
Pacific  Ilailway,  113  luilos  K,  of  Selkirk,  Manitoba.  It  is 
at  the  oros»in){  of  a  northern  iirm  of  the  Lake  of  the  Woo<l8. 

Keesletown,  keo'xfl-tOwn,  a  |K>8t-hau)lct  of  Hocking- 
hftu  CO.,  Va.,  5  miles  S.K.  of  Harrisonburg,  and  about  22 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Staunton.     Near  it  are  several  churches. 

Kef,  a  town  of  £gyi)t,  on  the  Rod  Sea,  opposite  the 
town  and  island  of  SuAin,  of  which  it  is  a  suburb.  A 
bridge  extends  to  the  larger  town. 

Ketr,  or  Kl  Ketf,  a  strongly  forti&ed  town  of  Africa, 
regonuy  and  38  miles  S.W.  of  Tunis. 

Kel^rer*s,a  station  in  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Leba- 
non tfc  Tromont  Branch  of  the  Reading  Railroad,  near  the 
Black  Diiuuond  coal-mines,  and  3  miles  £.  of  Tower  City. 

Kelting  (kdriing'),  or  Kessiug  (kds'aing^),  Uiikat 
nnd  Little,  two  islands  of  the  Malay  Archipolngo,  in  the 
Moluccas,  S.E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Ceram.  Lat.  (E.  point 
of  Great  Keffing)  3°  50'  S. ;  Ion.  130°  40'  B.  Great  Koffing 
is  united  to  Ceram  by  a  coral  reef. 

Kefil,  k^-foel',  a  village  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  on  a  canal 
of  the  Euphrates,  a  little  8.  of  the  ruins  of  13abylon,  with 
a  tomb  reputed  to  be  that  of  Ezekiel  and  frequented  by 
numerous  pilgrims. 

Keg  Creek,  Iowa,  rises  in  Shelby  co.,  runs  nearly 
southward  through  Pottawattamie  co.,  and  enters  the  Mis- 
souri River  about  5  miles  below  the  mouth  of  the  Platte 
River,  after  a  course  of  about  80  miles. 

Keg  Creek,  a  township  of  Pottawattamie  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  386. 

Kegham  Sea,  Russia.    See  GoKTscHE-DGNonis. 

Kegon'sa  Lake,  Wisconsin,  is  in  Dane  co.,  about  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Madison,  and  is  the  most  southeastern  of  the 
Four  Lakes.  It  has  a  roundish  form,  and  is  nearly  3  miles 
in  diameter. 

Keg'worth,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Leicester,  on 
the  Soar,  and  on  the  Midland  Railway,  6i  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Loughborough.     Pop.  of  the  parish,  1834. 

Kehl,  kail,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Baden,  on  the  Rhine, 
here  crossed  by  bridges,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Kinzig,  and 
immediately  opposite  Strasburg.  It  was  fortified  by  Vau- 
ban,  and  was  formerly  a  bulwark  of  Germany  on  the  side 
of  France;  but  its  fortifications  are  now  dismantled.  It 
communicates  by  a  short  branch  with  the  Basel  A  Baden 
Railway.  Kehl  has  figured  prominently  in  several  wars. 
Pop.  1830;  or,  with  suburbs,  4818. 

Kei,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Ket. 

Keifer,  ki'f^r,  a  post-hamlet  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.,  16 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Zanesville. 

Keighley,  keeth'lee,  orKeithley,atown  of  England, 
CO.  of  York,  West  Riding,  on  the  Aire,  at  a  railway  junc- 
tion, 9  miles  N.W.  of  Bradford.  The  town  is  built  almost 
wholly  of  stone ;  its  streets  are  well  paved,  and  lighted  with 
gas.  Keighley  contains  a  grammar-school,  a  court-house, 
a  mechanics'  institute,  and  thriving  manufactures  of  wool- 
len and  worsted  goods,  with  cottons.  The  Leeds  A  Liver- 
pool Canal  conveys  goods  from  it  to  Hull  and  Liverpool. 
Pop.  in  1881,  26,247;  in  1891,  30,811. 

Keinifield,  kim'feeld,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rush  co.,  Kan- 
sas, 28  miles  S.  of  Hays  City. 

Kei  River,  Africa.    See  Ket. 

Keiservilie,  ki'z^r-vll,  a  hamlet  of  Wyoming  co..  Pa., 
4  miles  E.  of  Meshoppen  Railroad  Station.    It  has  a  church. 

Keish,  an  island  of  the  Persian  Gulf.     See  Kexn. 

Keiskamma,  kis-kim'm&,  a  river  of  South  Africa,  in 
Cape  Colony,  enters  the  ocean  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  the  Great 
Fish  River,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  80  miles. 

Keith,  keeth,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Banff,  on  the 
Isia,  at  a  railway  junction,  20  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Banff.  It  is 
surrounded  by  hills,  contains  a  court-house,  a  library,  an  ex- 
cellent grammar-school,  and  3  branch  banks,  and  has  woollen 
and  linen  manufactures.  Fife  Keith,  a  handsomely  built 
town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Banff,  is  on  the  Isla,  opposite  Keith. 
The  "Summer  Eve  Fair,"  held  here  in  September,  is  the 
largest  in  the  N.  of  Scotland  for  cattle  and  horses.  Pop.  of 
Keith,  2657;  of  Fife  Keith,  945. 

Keith,  keeth,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Nebraska, 
borders  on  Colorndo.  Area,  1254  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  North  and  South  Platte  Rivers,  and  by  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  level. 
Capital,  Ogalalla.     Pop.  in  1880,  194;  in  1890,  2556. 

Keith's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Noble  co.,  0.,  in  Jackson 
township,  5  miles  W.N.W.  of  Dexter  City.  It  has  a  church 
and  2  flour-mills. 

Keithsbarg,  keeths'bnrg,  a  post- village  of  Mercer  co., 
III.,  in  Keithsburg  township,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  at 


the  terminus  of  the  Galva  A  Keithsburg  Railroad,  17  mile* 
S.W.  of  Aledo,  and  about  32  miles  W.N.W.  of  Galesburg. 
Another  railroad  extends  hence  soutliwnni  to  Oquawkaand 
Sagctown.  It  is  27  miles  by  water  above  Burlington,  Iowa. 
It  has  a  national  bank,  5  churchcx,  a  newspaper  uUicc,  a 
graded  schoul,  2  flouring-mills,  and  a  carriage-factory. 
Pop.  in  1880,  942;  in  1890,  1484. 

Keithsburg  Junction,  a  station  in  Mercer  co.,  III., 
on  the  Galva  A  Keithsburg  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Keiths- 
burg, at  the  junction  of  the  branch  to  New  Boston. 

Kekos'kee,  or  Keekos'kee,  a  post-village  of  Dodge 
CO.,  Wis.,  is  near  Rock  River,  about  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Fond 
du  Lac,  and  1  mile  E.  of  lloricon  Lake.  It  has  a  grisU 
mill,  1  or  2  breweries,  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Kek'ree,  Kekri,  or  Keiltree,  k&'krec,  a  town  of 
India,  province  and  65  miles  S.E.  of  Ajmeer.     Pop.  0357. 

Kelang,  or  Keelang,  ki'l&ng',  an  island  of  the  Malay 
Archipelago,  off  the  W.  extremity  of  Ceram.  Lut.  (W.  point) 
3°  12'  S.;  Ion.  127°  40'  E.    It  is  20  miles  in  circumference, 

Kelani,  Ceylon.    See  Kalani. 

Kelani-Ganga.    See  Kalani-Gunoa. 

Kelat,  Khclat,  k^l-^t',  or  Kalat',  a  walled  town, 
capital  of  Beloochistan  and  of  the  province  of  Kelat,  on  a 
hill,  6000  feet  above  the  sea,  in  lat.  28°  52'  N.,  Ion.  66» 
33'  E.  Pop.,  with  suburbs,  12,000.  It  is  fortified,  and 
commanded  by  a  large  citadel.  It  is  ill  built,  but  is  well 
supplied  with  provisions  and  water,  and  has  some  transit 
trade,  with  a  few  manufactories  of  arms. 

Kelat-i-Ghilzie,  k(jl-4t'-e-ghil'zee  ("fort  of  the 
Ghiljies"),  a  hill -fort  of  Afghanistan,  84  miles  N.W.  of 
Candahar,  on  the  route  to  Ghuzneo. 

Kelat-Kadiri,  k^l-^t'-ki-dce'ree,  a  fortress  of  Persia, 
in  Khorassan,  68  miles  N.E.  of  Meshed. 

Kelbra,  kdl'bri,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  in  Merse- 
burg,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Nordhausen.     Pop.  1212. 

Kelcze,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Keltsch. 

Kelheim,  kfil'hime  (anc.  Celeu'anmf),  a  town  of  Ba- 
varia, at  the  junction  of  the  Ludwig  Canal  with  the  Danube, 
12  miles  S.AV.  of  Ratisbon.  Pop.  2838.  Here  is  the  Be- 
freiungshalle,  a  fine  edifice,  with  rich  works  of  art. 

Kelioob,  or  Kelioub,  Egypt.    See  Galvoob. 

Kelkom,  kdrkom',  a  village  of  Senegambia,  10  milef 
E.  by  S.  of  St.  Louis. 

Kel'ler,  a  station  in  Peoria  co..  111.,  on  the  Peoria  A 
Rock  Island  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Peoria. 

Kel'lersburg,  a  post-village  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa.,  in 
Madison  township,  on  Red  Bank  Creek,  3  miles  from  Red 
Bank,  and  48  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Kel'ler's  Church,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  in 
Bedminster  township,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Perkasie  Station.  It 
has  a  church. 

Keller's  Station,  in  Wabash  co.,  Ind.,  is  on  the 
Wabash  Railroad,  24  miles  E.  of  Logansport. 

Kel'lcrsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co..  Pa.,  about 
20  miles  N.  by  AV.  of  Easton.  It  has  a  church,  an  iron- 
foundry  with  machine-shop,  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Kellerville,  Adams  co..  111.     See  Kallerville. 

Kel'lerville,  a  post-office  of  Dubois  co.,  Ind. 

KeI'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Story  co.,  Iowa,  in  Washing- 
ton township,  on  the  Des  Moines  A  Minnesota  Railroad,  31 
miles  N.  of  Des  Moines. 

Kei  ley,  Kentucky.    See  Kelly. 

Kei  ley,  a  township  of  Kiploy  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  240. 

Kel'ley's,  a  station  in  Schenectady  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Schenectady  A  Duanesburg  Branch  of  the  Albany  A  Sus 
quehanna  Railroad,  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Schenectady. 

Kelley's  Cove,  a  maritime  settlement  in  Yarmouth 
CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  4  miles  from  Yarmouth.     Pop.  300. 

Kelley's  Island,  a  post-ofiice  of  Erie  co.,  0.,  is  12 
miles  from  Sandusky,  and  is  on  the  island  of  the  same  name 
in  Lake  Erie.  The  island  contains  3  hotels,  4  churches,  and 
a  graded  school.  It  has  quarries  of  limestone  and  manu- 
factures of  wine.     Pop.  910. 

Kelley's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.,  on 
Pine  Creek,  about  5  miles  from  the  Ohio  River,  and  8  miles 
N.W.  of  fronton. 

Kelley's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C. 

Kel'leysville,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  'Tex.,  on 
the  Texas  A  Pacific  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  ploughs,  wagons,  Ac. 

Kellinghausen,  kSl'ling-how^zen,  a  village  of  Prus- 
sia, in  Holstein,  24  miles  S.  of  Rendsburg.     Pop.  2184. 

Kellington,  a  town  of  England.     See  Callixgton. 

KeI'lis'  Store,  a  post-oflice  of  Kemper  co..  Miss. 

Kell'nersville,  a  post-office  of  Manitowoc  co.,  Wis. 

Kel'logg,  or  Jas'per  City,  a  post-village  of  Jasper 
CO.,  Iowa,  in  Kellogg  township,  near  the  North  Skunk 


KEL 


1541 


•REM 


River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad, 
44  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Des  Moines,  and  9  miles  E.  of  Newton. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  bunk,  a  graded  school,  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  pump-factory,  a  iiour-mill,  and  several  other  busi- 
ness concerns.     Pop.  of  village,  700  :  of  township,  1398. 

Kellogg,  a  post-village  of  AVabasha  co.,  Alinn.,  in 
Greenfield  township,  near  the  Mississi])pi  River,  and  on  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of 
AVabiisha.  It  has  a  church,  3  hotels,  4  stores,  and  2  ware- 
houses for  grain.     Pop.  about  600. 

Kellogg,  a  post-office  of  Douglas  co.,  Oregon. 

Kellogg's  Landing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  parish, 
La.,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Delta  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Kel'loggsville,  a  hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  about  8 
miles  S.  of  Grand  Rapids. 

Kelloggsville,  a  post-village  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y,,  in 
Niles  township,  about  16  miles  S.E.  of  Auburn.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  about  250. 

Kelloggsville,  a  post-village  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Ashtabula  River,  about  32  miles  S.W.  of  Erie,  Pa.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Kells,  kSlz,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Meath,  on  the 
Blackwater,  36  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Dublin.  It  is  pleas- 
antly situated,  and  has  a  sessions-house,  bridewell,  work- 
house, hospital,  an  ancient  round  tower,  a  richly-carved 
ancient  cross,  a  small  antique  chapel,  2  churches,  and  some 
manufactories  of  lace.     Pop.  2925, 

Kel'ly,  a  township  of  Warren  co..  111.     Pop.  1295. 

Kelly,  or  KeI'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Christian  co., 
Ky.,  on  the  St.  Louis  <fc  Southeastern  Railroad,  8  miles  N. 
of  Ilopkinsville.  It  has  a  church,  3  stores,  and  a  tobacco- 
factory.     Pop.  100. 

Kelly,  a  township  of  Cooper  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1372. 

Kelly,  a  township  of  Union  co..  Pa.  Pop.  942.  It 
contains  West  Milton  and  Kelly  Point. 

Kel'lyburg,  or  Kel'lysburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ly- 
coming CO.,  Pa.,  about  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Williamsport. 
It  has  2  churches  and  2  saw-mills. 

Kelly  Cross  Roads,  a  post- village  of  Union  co.,  Pa., 
^  miles  W.  of  West  Milton.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  about 
.',00. 

Kelly  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co..  Pa.,  in 
Kelly  township,  about  4  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lewisburg. 

Kelly's,  Pennsylvania.    See  Tunnelton. 

Kellysburg,  Indiana  co.,  Pa.    See  Home. 

Kelly's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lenawee  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  Detroit,  Hillsdale  <fc  Southwestern  Railroad,  20  miles 
N.E.  of  Hillsdale.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Kelly's  Corners,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Dela- 
ware CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Ulster  &  Delaware  Railroad,  47  miles 
N.W.  of  Kingston. 

Kelly's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Ala. 

Kelly's  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Tennessee  River,  10  miles  below  Chattanooga. 

Kelly's  Ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Culpeper  co.,  Va., 
about  y  miles  E.  of  Culpeper. 

Kelly's  Island,  Ohio.    See  Kelley's  Island. 

Kelly's  Station,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Arm- 
strong CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  35  miles 
N.E.  of  Pittsburg,  and  i  mile  from  Clinton.    It  has  a  church. 

KelMysvilie,  or  Kel'lyville  (Clifton  Heights  Post- 
Office),  a  village  in  Upper  Darby  township,  Delaware  co..  Pa., 
on  Darby  Creek,  and  on  the  West  Chester  &  Philadelphia 
Railroad,  1  mile  from  Clifton  Heights,  and  6  miles  W.  by  S. 
of  Philadelphia.     It  has  2  churches,  a  cotton-factory,  <fcc. 

Kel'lyton,  a  post-office  of  Coosa  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Savannah  A  Memphis  Railroad,  53  miles  N.W.  of  Opelika. 

Kel'lyville,  a  post-office  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.C. 

Kel'sey,  a  post-hamlet  of  El  Dorado  co.,  Cal.,  about  5 
miles  N.  of  Placerville. 

Kelsey,  Lake  co.,  Cal.    See  Kelseyville. 

Kel'sey  River,  California,  rises  in  Mendocino  co.,  runs 
northward,  and  enters  Eel  River  in  Humboldt  co. 

Kel'seyville,  or  Kelsey,  a  pleasant  village  of  Lake 
CO.,  Cal.,  at  the  base  of  Uncle  Sam  Mountain,  amidst  beau- 
tiful scenery,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Cloverdale,  and  3  miles  S. 
of  Clear  Lake.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  drug- 
store, Ac.     Pop.  about  400. 

Kel'so,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Roxburgh,  on  the 
Tweed,  near  its  confluence  with  the  Teviot,  23  miles  by  rail 
S.W.  of  Berwick,  and  4i  miles  from  the  English  border.  It 
is  beautifully  situated,  with  a  fine  bridge  across  the  Tweed, 
a  town  hall,  several  churches,  schools,  and  libraries,  2  news- 
papers, 4  branch  banks,  a  museum,  and  noble  remains  of 
one  of  the  largest  of  the  Scottish  abbeys,  built  about  a.d. 
1128.  The  town  carries  on  a  brisk  retail  trade.  Its  cattle- 
market,  on  the  5th  of  August,  is  the  largest  in  the  S.  of 


Scotland.  Kelso  in  ancient  times  suffered  much  in  the 
wars  with  England.     Pop.  4564. 

Kel'so,  a  post-village  of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind.,  in  Kelso 
township,  about  26  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Cincinnati.  The 
township  contains  4  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1908. 

Kelso,  a  post-office  of  Sibley  co.,  Minn.,  in  Kelso  town- 
ship, about  25  miles  N.  of  Mankato,  and  10  miles  W.  of  Lo 
Sueur.     Here  is  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  580. 

Kelso,  a  post-hamlet  in  Kelso  township,  Scott  co..  Mo., 
about  170  miles  S.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  a  church,  and  man- 
ufactures of  lumber  and  staves.     P.  of  the  township,  1000. 

Kelso,  a  post-office  of  Howard  co..  Neb. 

Kelso,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Elk' 
River,  and  on  the  Winchester  &  Alabama  Railroad,  5  miles 
from  Fayetteville,  and  about  46  miles  S.E.  of  Columbia.  It 
has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  2  saw-mills. 

Kelso,  or  £lgin,  fil'ghin,  a  post-village  in  Hunting- 
don CO.,  Quebec,  8i  miles  S.S.W.  from  Huntingdon.   P.  200. 

Kelsterbach,  kfir8t?r-b3,K\  a  village  of  Germany, 
in  Hesse,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Main,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Frankfort.     Pop.  1268. 

Kel'ton,  a  post-village  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  in  Penn 
township,  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Baltimore  Central  Rail- 
road, at  Penn  Station,  46  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Philadelphia. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Helton,  a  post-village  of  Box  Elder  co.,  Utah,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  68  miles  W.  of  Corinne,  and  2 
miles  from  Great  Salt  Lake.  It  is  an  important  point  for 
shipping,  the  exports  of  Idaho  being  nearly  all  shipped 
here.     Pop.  101. 

Keltsch,  kSlch,  or  Kelcze,  kdl'chil,  a  town  of  Mora- 
via, 18  miles  E.  of  Prerau,  with  an  old  castle.     Pop.  2305. 

Kelung,  Formosa.    See  Kee-Lung. 

Kel'viu,  a  small  river  of  Scotland,  enters  the  Clyde  2 
miles  below  Glasgow. 

Kel'vin,  a  post- village  in  Norfolk  co.,  Ontario,  on  White 
Man's  Creek,  18  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Lynedoch.     Pop.  200. 

Kel'vin  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Wake  co.,  N.C. 

Kem,  kSm,  or  Kemi,  kfim'ee,  a  river  of  Russia,  formed 
by  the  outlets  of  Lakes  Kootno,  Niook,  and  others,  in  the 
W.  part  of  the  government  of  Archangel,  flows  E.,  and 
falls  into  the  White  Sea,  after  a  course  of  about  100  miles. 
Immediately  opposite  to  its  mouth  is  a  group  of  islands,  the 
chief  of  which  is  Kemskoe-Ostrov. 

Kem,  or  Kemi,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  180 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Archangel,  at  the  entrance  of  a  river  of 
its  own  name  into  the  White  Sea.     Pop.  1926. 

Kemakh,  k^h-mik',  or  Kamak,  k&-m&k',  a  small 
town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  86  miles  S.W.  of  Erzroom,  on  the 
Upper  Euphrates,  partly  enclosed  by  a  very  ancient  wall, 
and  embosomed  in  gardens. 

Kemaon,  a  province  of  British  India.     See  Kumaos. 

Kembangan,  k6m-b^n-g^n',  or  Noessa  Kamban- 
gan,  noos'sS,  k3,m-b4n-gln',  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago, off  the  S.  coast  of  Java,  in  Ion.  109°  E.,  and  about 
15  miles  long  by  7  miles  broad. 

Kemberg,  kim'bfinG,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  40 
miles  N.E.  of  Merseburg.     Pop.  3068. 

Kemblesvilie,  kem'b^lz-vil,  a  post-village  of  Chester 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Franklin  townsliip,  about  15  miles  W.  of  Wil- 
mington, Del.     It  has  a  church. 

Kemi,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Kem. 

Kemijoki,  k&'me-yo'kee,  Kemi,  ki'mee,  or  Kimi, 
kee'mee,  a  river  of  Russia,  in  Lapland,  rises  in  lat.  68°  N., 
flows  first  S.,  forming  several  lakes,  then  N.N.W.,  and 
afterwards  S.W.,  falling  into  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia  about  11 
miles  E.  of  Torned,  after  a  course  of  nearly  300  miles. 

Kemlic,  a  town  of  Asia.    See  Ghio. 

Kem'ma,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Neb. 

Kemmel,  k5m'm§l,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Flanders,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ypres,  on  the  Kemmelbeke. 
Pop.  1700. 

Kemnitz,  kdm'nits,  a  village  of  Saxony,  circle  of  Baut- 
zen, bailiwick  of  Labau.     Pop.  1317. 

KemouitUina,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Gumoorjeena. 

Kemp,  a  post-office  of  Hamlin  co.,  Dakota. 

Kemp,  a  post-office  of  Kaufman  co.,  Tex. 

Kempen,  kdmp'^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Posen,  on  a 
railway,  33  miles  S.  of  Kalisz.     Pop.  6168. 

Kempen,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  at  a  railway 
junction,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Dusseldorf,  with  a  citadel,  and 
manufactures  of  woollens  and  linens.  It  has  a  normal 
school  and  a  progymnasium.     Pop.  5372. 

Kempen,  or  Kempenland.    See  Campine. 

Kemp'er,  a  county  in  the  E.  p.art  of  Mississippi,  bor- 
dering on  Alabama,  has  an  area  of  about  740  square  miles. 
It  is  drained  by  the  Sucarnoochee  Creek.     A  large  part  of 


KEM 


IStS 


kiilii^C  vkiek  t?«v«r*M  it*  «M««ra  fut  A««  BMtk  t» 

U.nt;  ial»t.ir^l. 
Keaip«r«  •■m  iaw*«>1*—  «r  Jamy  ml,  DL.«b 

«n«  K.  «r  AhMu 

MMip«r  Clir«  *  fMt-oAw  «r  Tiataria  «»,  Tm. 

Keaip*«  C^reefc,  » |iiH  diw  dT  Clrtiai  ml,  Ala. 

Keaip**  Mill*,  a  t  iH  Mn  af  liilil|h  <ml,  NXI. 

Keaips'nlle,  a  pwl  hiwlif  af  Miiaa  mu,  Ala^  2« 
■tflM  S,W.  «r  BwaiXMM.    It  hai aahnah. 

K«Bp«fiMe«  a  pud  wnhf  af  Priaii  Aaaaaa.,  Va, 
•  arilM  ftMa  tha  Xarfalk  A  FHwrtaig  ■■iltM*,  a«*  afcaat 
UmOmSJL^iKmHdk.  UhmttkmKiibmmmi aa amJMij. 

K— pt— » hiiy't^a  (a»B.  Cknliim i/arOiayrfa 

MM  /)b  a  tmmm  atf  Bararia,  ia  flwdbia,  aa  tfca  IMty  fifcwa  it 
baoMMi  aaaMdUa^aaA  aa  tka  wilwuy  CrsM  Ai^jAaiK  ta 
Liaisa.  SI  aulM  &£.W.  aT  Aatifcaig.  Fifk.  12,177.  It 
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r  Mva,  as4  kaaa  flala  asllH^ito  ahMalu  a  aaWia  filaa^, 


tka  JaiefMiMt  abbot  fatmeriy  WM  Ui  aMrt. 

KetBfC  Head,  a  aail  hialt  fai  Tietan 
SaMMi,  aa  tka  Sr.  alia  af  IhalardUria  falM^I,  M  site  K.W. 
af^iiaey.    Fm.  IM. 

Kc»p«>— ,afMt  i«maf  Fdrtaa^DL 

KeaipC*a«  a  aiit  iaB«  af  Tiataa  aa.,  lai,  aa  tta  La- 
fciyatta,  Maacia  i  WlMMi^taa  Italli  mj.  It  adOM  W.  af 
ItoMa. 

Km■pCm^aitettMi■BeA■«^,Pla,a■ChaBvfc>  4 
LaMgfc  ■■llrMJ.  S4  aulH  V.  af  laadiaf. 

Keap'towa,  a  poA-liB.m1«it  of  FnimA  m..  Ml., 
abaaft  Si  mUm  W.  by  XT.  af  Baltimore. 

M«ap*toWB,  a  aaaUvflfa«a  ia  OBlAwtar  aa.,  Nawa 
Bftk,  *  MilM  friM  Bii  waialfc  It  aM*aiai  a  balal  aad  a 
aaW'^aOL    ^f*.  9M. 

MeMptVille,  a  Tinag«  ia  Otvatilla  aa.,  Oateria,  aa  a 
bnaeb  af  tbe  BiJMa  Rirer.  aad  oa  tbe  St.  Lawiaaw  ft 
4Mte»a  Baihwy,  ni  aiilM  ST.  af  PiMMtt,  aad  Sli  MilM  & 
afOttaaa.  HbMya*  aatir  piwii,  >«batabe>,aboat  » 
3  Krii*.auB4i  t  mm-mBm.  3  eaidias-  aad  falKag- 


■  bfiTMj  aaii  iii<i1liij,aliaaiij.  iii  ■rlii  ij.  T  iron 
'  i.    P«pL8?t. 

Kea,  ar  Beat*  a  rivar  af  ITnghai,  aa.  af  Vmtbmon- 
iMi,  •»«•  S.  <braa«b  tka  aiMl  kkaaf  KaatMH%  aai  MA 
Kaaial iaia Miiiniati  Wmf. 

Mea,  a  rircr  «r  Seatlaai,  liMB  aa  iba  bwiaa  af  tbe  eo. 
af  Ayr.  floirs  S., aa<  jaiaf  tba  DBai,ab>M  ita  ciMlawrf  witb 
abieb  it  fTpaaii  iato  Ike  baaatifiri  Laca  East,  kaviag  aX 
ita  baai  KaaMara  Gaetie. 

Kea«ari*ar«ria£a.    SmCute. 

Mf'aaaaffille,  a  yaat  riflaga^  aaaital  af  DmaSm  aa, 
S.C  ia  Ecaaaarille  liaaAip^  abaat  M  imIm  V.  af  Wil. 
»i^gNi,  R  bM  a  Maat-baaa^  4  ebarobet.  a  JMateaaai- 
a»£T.aaawiway,  Aie.     IWabaaft  SM;  artMra*ia,XSS«. 

Keatela,  kea-4r»  a  paat  bawWil  af  SaaaMsa..  H.Y., 
ia  BaMaha  liaBiibi|i,  abaat  g  arifaa  &.W.  af  AabMm.    It 

Kea'dal,  Kii«»r  Kea'dal,  ar  Kuk%y  Kea'dal, 
abaraaftb  af  Ihtgliil,  aiL  af  Waitawiliai,  at  a  wilaay 
jaaclaaa.SSaBl«&fiJB.afOB>&la.  U 
bill*  ia  tbe  rate  aftba  Emu  TbabaaM 
aaiialanpanalaritbtiaek  ChicfbaiMn«a,ahi«a< 
aai  a  *      " 


«ilb4ja>  Maibla.,  aadpapar-vatba.    A  aaMi  piaiMia  it 
aitb  water  Mar^awa  te  all  aattc  af  tibm  tnm^m.    Tbe 
'laaaMBabartefiMiiiaiat.. 


PmlIHiMI. 

Kca^*al,aa—  ilfcn  iaPaibaMea,Oa<arii>,« 
.af  JkMrtaarifiik    ft  naliiiai  I  rtm ii  T balah. mI 


Mateaa.    Fm.  XM. 

Kea4a1ia,  a 
abaat »  mIm  E. 

Kca*4aM,  a  aaaaty  ia  tba  M.K.  yait  af  IWiari^  ^m  aa 
af  SMafaafaaOaa.    It  la  ialaniiii  bytba  ttoar 


PSibtika  Krar.    Xbe 


Ln«ii 


iaifay 


KEN 


aa4  aaitliait,  Am  fcnaa  af  wbfab  ara  tU 


I  ft  Qria^  liiliMJ.  aarf  by 
af  «ba*  raihaai,  aAiab  bM  a  tftaltea  at  TatMlb. 
Ftp.  ia  ItTil,  u,an;  ia  l«n.  U,M^ 
18M.  1S.1M. 

Kea4all,  aaaaaty  la  Iba  &  acatial  part  af  Tcxi^,  hv 
aa  TM  af  abiat  Oft  ayaia  arflaa.  **  *- '— — tTtj  Wihi 
OMrfatapaUvar.  ThaaarfaMiabiayaraa4alMte«;'%e 
aeU  ia  fayrtly  fiatilaL  Oallle.  lattaa  Mra,  aai  fnM  ataflie 
aHpli  piaftaeta.  TUa  aaaadp  it  tn«ana«  by  tbe  Im 
AateateftAiaaaMFaailaikaai.  OafAat,  Dame.  fta. 
ialC]t,UM;  ia  ISM,  Sits  ;ial8M,aiM. 

KraiaWj  a  taaadbiy  af  KaaMB  aa^  DL,  abeal 
aulM  &S.W.  af  Aarera.  b  ia  baaaiai  aa  (be  V.  by  1 
Biaar,  aai  wlaiaa  rarttriBa.    Pte.  IUSl 

KcateM,a  Mat-vifcae  af  Vaa  Bana  ae,  Mieb. 
Piaa  Grava  liwibip,  aa  &a  Baath  Baaaa  «raiaa  «r  ; 
MkMcaa  Ontnl  Baibaai,  U  mUm  W.  af  KalHaaaon. 
bM  a  abMib,  a  giaiiii  abbaai,  aai  ■aaalbrtaiM  af  fai: , 
aaaii^  fanabaiv  aai  atavaa.    Fip.  aaariy  SM. 

Keatell,  a  |nat-villa«a  ia  Kaaf  " 
aa,  M.T.,  aa  tba  BaMa,  Watutawa  ft  ( 
54  Mitea  K  af  Lewietea,  aai  M  aalM  W  Jf . W.  af  Baebec 
It  baa  aararal  ebarabat.     The  tawaabip  ia  baaaided  K 
Lake  Oataria^  aai  aMtaiaaS  baadaKaaawd  EMt  Kmu»^„ 
aaiWaatKaaiUL    FMuaf  liaaibia,  17*«. 

KeadaU,  a  paaUteMbt  af  AaMB  ae,  irx;^  IS  «iki  N. 
af  FaOMaaStettaa.    it  bM  a  abarab  aai  a  taaaerr. 

Kaadall,  a  aaai  baalat  af  Baaaar  ae..  Fa,  aboat  M 

iteaW.byN.af  PittabaiY.    Pap.  M. 

KeaAall,  a  pnet  beaalet  af  Giajaoa  ea..  Tax.,  II  arila  < 
W.  afSbcTBMa.    ItbMaebsKb. 

Kaaiall,  a  laaaAla  af  Le&yttte  ee,  Wu.    Pon.  f 
It  la  liavanei  by  tba  FteMewiBa  Bnadh  af  tbe  Mit, 


K^rfaU,  a  paat-viB^a  la  Gkaiak  taaraabia,  M«t 
Mu,  Wil,  aa  tba  Gbieaca  ft  Hattfawartcn  Bailraad,  SD  d. 
B.W.af  MaiBaM,aai  t»  mSltm  E.S.K.  af  flpaita.    It  tu 

a  ebaadb,  t  brtiiil^  a  fcaairr  with  «  laanbiaa  Aap,  n  graded 
aebaol,aai  aiarbiaa  Anpi  of  tbe  nUreai  aaaapaay. 

Keadali  Creek,  a  peat  *ftaa  af  McKeaa  aa^  Pa. 

KeaAall  Mills,  a  peat-baaOetof  Orteaaa  aa.,  XT.. « 
tbe  line  betveM  Maataa  aai  Oriaaaw  aa,  abMt  23  k'^ 
W.X.W.  of  Roebeeter.    It  bM  2  cfcawbi  aai  a  flour-n 

Keadall's  Mills,  Maiae.    Sm  FAmncta. 

Kea'dallTille,  %tixv  otJSMmtm^  Iad.,aatbalbL. 
Rapids  &  Indiana  Pk.a.ilroad  where  it  aranat  tiM  AtaulAit 
diriaiaa  of  tha  Lake  Shore  ft  Ifidngaa  fiMlbiia  BaBia^d. 
aai  aa  aa  aMaMft  af  tbe  St.  JaaMb  Bivar,  aMT  a  beaatifn! 
littJe  lak^,  27  mUm  %.  by  W.af  F^rt  Wayae,  aad  SI  ailet 
B£.E.afQa*aB.  ftaaatdteaaalaaadbaak,*  eburcbeK. 
a  aaanwpu  aCaa.  a  iae  hatal,  a  aebaal  balMln;  vhidi 
eart  rtijm*,  S  •aar.arfflB,  a  faaaiiy,  a  aaacbiae-eb  p.  aad 
aBBaa&etana  af  aaah,  ftaom,  Utaia,  aarriaga^  faraitai%. 
eicata,  fta.    Faa.  ia  MM.  SSTS;  ia  IMt,  2M«. 

KeiiAalMUiB,  a  aaat-kaaJataf  WiaawhiiA  ec.  Iowa, 
aa  Oa  Oaaar  Imm  Bavar,  8  mDh  B JL  af  Oreaw.  I:  hu 
alaatrMiB. 

Kea4ere«,  kla^d&VMi'.  a  villaga  af  H&r . 
■Bm  frmn  SeeBt-MiUas-TSttA;.     Fap.  3SC8. 
See  EnrovrA. 
kiB.4lil-pl'rL  a  tova  of  laCa.  dlF:  ■ 
aa«  4«  adk*  (by  aaaal)  B.  of  CattM^     Fop.  I«,«s: 

Kea'drick,  a  tiaaahiji  af  Giaeaa  aa,  lawa.    } 

Keadrick,  a  ataliaa  ia  CTaarttli  aa,  Fk,  aa  : 
af  tbe  Tyrone  ft  Ckat«cM  Bailraai,  8  mks  IK  ^ 


Maairick*a  Creek,  a  peat  baalel  aTflaT 
Taaa,  U  aritea  H. af  JMedbotaagb.    ItbMadbi 

Keadaakeac  kea^daslneg,  a  aanfl  rirar  ( : 
aeet  aa.  Ma,  ivm  aaatbaaatarard.  aai  eaten  tt,- 
aeatBivaratBaagar.    It  aKaia  darable  watar^' 

Kcatoakeag,  a  paat-TiBMe  af  FnaibiBt  ao. 
tbe  rivar  af  its  ava  aaac^  ia  apalaiftaaa  taaatt. 
It  mBm  M.W.  af  Baagar.  ft  bM  3  ebanbai^  i 
BHtaiy,  aai  Maaa&elaraa  af  laaabar,  fi»iar-is:; 
fta.    P^  af  tba  tiiaa*lp,  TTt. 

Keaeh,  ar   Keaa,   kia'a\   vrittca    k  >     Qpn 
Cheaefc,arCkeaaefc(aae.OM^aC», 
ai^  af  l^iipar  Bgypl,  taaital  af  tba  prar  ei>- 

Ciaiii,  aaar  tbe  i^  beak  ef  tbe  yUa.  1  t>3Tt 

Steat,  aai  appaalte  Deaienb.    It  is  aa  imponaat  aajtf ' 
li  fcr  tbe  trade  vitb  Anbia'as- 


KEN 


15i3 


KEN 


Centra.1  Africa.  It  has  extensive  manafaetares  of  earthen- 
wareji.  a  cottoa-tae^Tj,  and  a  superior  goremment  acho*^ 
Pop.  13.200. 

Ken^esaw'f  or  Ken^aesaw',  a,  poat-vUlage  of  Oobb 
CO..  Ga..  on  the  W^tern  A  AUantie  Railroad,  aboat  Mmilea 
a.W.  of  AtlantA.  It  has  2  eharehes, and  a  ataam  grist-mill 
and  saw-mill.  Near  it  is  Keoesair  Monntaio  (1809  feet 
high),  which  gires  naae  to  a  battle  between  tii«  Union 
forees  and  the  Confederates,  Jane  23,  1864. 

KeneeaWf  a  post-Tillage  of  Adams  eo.,  TSA^  at  a 
niilwaj  janetion,  2o  miles  E.  of  Eeamey  Jnnetioa.  It  has 
3  chareb  organizations,  2  banks,  a  graded  scbool,  and  a 
newspaper  office. 

Keoi'a,  a  monntain  of  Africa,  in  faU.  I*>  SO"  S.,  km.  37° 
36'  E.,  18,000  feet  above  the  sea.  It  is  oonstantly  snow-clad, 
irhence  it  is  also  ealled  Doenyo  Ebor,  or  "white  moon- 
tain."  A  river  desoeoding  from  it  is  sa{^>oeed  to  flow  to 
the  Victoria  Njamca. 

Kenieba*  ki-ne-4'bl,  a  leper-village  of  Bambook,  in 
West  Africa,  not  far  from  the  gold-mines  of  Dambagnag- 
ney.    Lat.  13°  56'  N.;  Ion.  12°  6'  W. 

kea'ilworth,  a  town  of  England,  eo.  and  4i  miles 
by  rail  N.  ot  Warwick.  It  has  manafaetares  of  ribbons, 
nans,  horn  eombs,  leather,  and  chemical  prodoets.  ^w 
town,  beantifally  situated,  has  an  ancient  ehareh.  a  gram- 
mar-school, remains  of  an  abbey  founded  aboat  1122,  aad 
the  massive  keep  and  some  other  portions  of  a  castle, 
now  a  magnifieent  ivy-oovered  rain,  foonded  in  the  reign 
of  Houy  L  Emilworth  is  said  to  hive  been  named  after 
the  Jienaaa  king  Eenulph.     Pop.  3S35. 

Ke^iaa^  PennsylvaoiA.    See  Kixzita. 

Kealuis,  Keakries,  or  Kenkres,  kinntreee  (ane. 
Oem'dwem),  a  village  of  Greece,  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Corinth, 
«■  the  Isthmus  and  shore  of  the  Gulf  of  JBgina. 

Kenmare,  kSn^nuiir',  a  town  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Kerry, 
-on  the  estuary  of  the  Ronghty,  13  miles  SjS.W,  of  Eillar- 
ner.     Pop.  1205. 

Ken  mare  River  or  Bttj^  Irelaad,  is  a  deep  inlet  of 
the  Atlantic,  between  the  ooa.  of  Cork  and  Kerry,  N.W.  of 
B.intry  Bay.     Breadth  of  entrance,  5  miles. 

Kenmore,  an  island  of  Ireland.    8ee  VAX.E]mji. 

Kenmore^  kin-mOr',  a  village  and  parish  of  Seotland, 
eo.  of  Perth,  at  the  head  of  Loch  Tay,  6  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Aberfeldie.  The  village  is  one  of  the  most  pictaresqae  in 
Scotland.  In  its  vicinity  is  Taymouth  Castle,  the  seat  of 
the  Marqnis  of  Breadalbane;  and  the  monntain  of  Ben 
Lawers  is  in  this  parish.     Pop.  1615. 

KeDmore^  ken-mor',  a  post-office  of  Fairfax  oo.,  Ya. 

Kenmore,  kSn-mOr',  a  post- village  in  Russell  eo.,  On- 
Urio,  ly  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ottawa.  It  contains  4  stores,  a 
tannery,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  124. 

Kenn,  kdnn,  or  Keish,  kish,  also  called  Gnase^  an 
Wand  of  Persia,  in  the  Persian  Galf^  province  of  Laristan, 
'8S  miles  W.  of  Kishm.  It  is  low,  sorroonded  by  coral 
reeft,  and  has  a  village  and  harbor. 

Renn,  an  island  of  Persia,  in  the  Persian  Gulf,  70  miles 
'V.  of  Cape  Kenn,  province  of  Fars. 

Ken'namer  Cove,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  Ala. 

Ken^nard',  a  post-office  of  Washington  eo..  Neb.,  on 
:ac  Sioux  City  i,  Pacific  Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Blair. 

Keanard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Champaign  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Atlantic  *  Great  Western  Railroad,  43  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Dayton.     Pop.  70. 

Kennard,  or  Sugar  Grove  Station,  a  post-hamlet 
of  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  in  Sugar  Grove  township,  on  the  Atlantic 
Ji  Great  Western  Railroad,  21  miles  S.W.  of  Meadviile.  It 
has  2  churches  and  1  or  2  steam  saw-mills.  Here  is  Ken- 
■ard  Post-Offiee. 

Ken^aebacca'sis,  a  beaotiful  river  of  New  Bmns- 
vick,  takes  its  rise  near  the  sources  of  the  Petitcodiac,  and, 
•ftn"  a  S.W.  coarse  of  about  20  miles,  enters  the  St.  John 
throngh  Eennebaccasis  Bay,  a  magnificent  sheet  of  water  13 
Biles  long.  The  bay  and  river  are  navigable  for  steamers  25 
•  miles. 

Ken'nebec',  a  river  of  Maine,  rises  in  Moosehead 
lAke,  on  the  W.  border  of  Piscataquis  co.  It  runs  south- 
ward through  the  cos.  of  Somerset,  Kennebec,  and  Saga- 
dahoc, and  enters  the  Atlantic  Ocean  about  14  miles  S.  of 
Bath.  It  is  nearly  200  miles  long.  The  chief  towns  on  its 
banks  are  Bath,  Aognsta,  Gardiner,  Waterville,  and  Hallo- 
well.  In  the  season  of  navigation  sea-going  steamers  can 
■sually  ascend  to  Augusta,  and  large  ships  to  Bath.  Small 
Meamers  ascend  to  Waterville.  The  navigation  is  closed  by 
iee  for  3i  or  4  months  in  a  year. 

Kennebec,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Maine, 
.  has  an  area  of  about  888  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Kennebec  River,  whmh  divides  it  into  nearly  eqoal 


parts,  and  is  partly  Aaiaad  by  the  Sefaaetieook  River,  which 
rises  in  Newport  Pond,  Penobscot  eo.,  and  enters  the  Kea- 
nebee  opposite  WatenriUa.  The  snrfaee  is  undalating,  and 
is  diversified  by  nnmenNU  lakes  and  extmaive  forests,  in 
whieh  th«  pine  and  sagar-maple  are  foaad.  Tb«  soil  is 
fertile.  Hay,  Inmber,  bottsr.  potatoes,  oats,  Indian  corn, 
aad  eattle  are  the  st^Ie  products.  This  eoonty  is  inter- 
aeeted  by  aev«al  divisinu  of  the  Maine  Central  Railroad. 
Capital,  Angnsta,  wUefa  is  also  the  capital  of  Maine.  Pop. 
in  1870,  53,203;  in  1880,  53^058;  in  1890,  57,012. 

Keanebec,  a  township  ^Monona  eo.,  Iowa.    Pop.  445 

Kennebec,  a  poat-oCee  ai  Bnsadl  eo.,  ff  annas 

Kennebec  I<ine,  a  post-village  in  Beaoee  co.,  Qad>ee, 
on  the  Levis  A  Kennciiee  Baihray,  85  nulcB  S.&E.  trf'  Que- 
bec    It  contains  2  saw-mills,  3  stofes,  and  4  hotels. 

Ken^nebank',  a  small  river  of  Tork  co.  Me.,  nins 
Boutheastwaid,  and  enters  the  Atlantic  Oeean. 

Keaaebank,  a  post-village  ot  York  eo..  Me.,  in  Ken- 
ndmnk  towndiip,  and  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  3  miles 
from  the  Atlan tie  Ocean,  aad  on  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad, 
25  miles  S.S.  W.  of  Portland.  It  has  4  chardIe^  a  national 
bank,  an  iron-foundry,  a  newsp^ter  office,  a  machine-shop, 
and  manafaetares  of  boots,  plooghs,  twine,  Jtc  Sevenl 
vessels  are  owned  here,  aad  it  is  partly  supported  by  ship- 
bmldii^.     Pop.  of  ibe  t«iwnship  in  1890,  3172. 

Keaaebaak  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Tork  eo..  Me., 
in  Kennebunk  township,  on  uie  Portsmouth,  Saoo  A  Port- 
land Railroad,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Portland.  It  has  2  churches,, 
a  graded  sehool,  and  2  mills. 

Keaaebaak  I<aadiag,  a  poet-hamlrt  of  York  eo.. 
Me.,  in  Kennebunk  township,  1}  miles  from  the  Boston  A 
Maine  Railroad.     It  has  a  church. 

Kea^nebankport',  a  post-village  and  summer  re»>rt 
of  York  CO.,  Me^,  is  on  the  Atlantic  Oeean,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Kennebunk  River,  aad  in  a  township  of  its  own  name, 
about  10  miles  S.  of  Bidd^»d.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded 
sdiool,  and  a  hartxH',  aad  is  partly  supported  by  navigation 
aad  ship-bcilding.    Pop.  750;  of  the  township,  2196. 

Keanedale,  Tuscaloosa  eo.,  Ala.    See  Cottoxdju.e. 

Kea'aedy,  a  post-village  in  Poland  township,  Chau- 
tauqua CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Conewango  River,  and  on  the 
Atlantic  A  Great  Western  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with 
the  Buffalo  k  Jamestown  Railroad,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Jamestown.  It  has  good  water-power,  and  contains  3 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  union  sehool.    Pop.  about  5Utt. 

Ken'nedy's  Store,  a  poet-office  <tfItawambaco.,  Miss. 

Ken'nedyvilie,  a  po^village  of  Kent  eo.,  Md.,  on 
the  Kent  County  Railroad,  about  36  miles  E.  of  Baltimore. 
It  has  2  ehurehes.  Mid  a  nuuiufactory  of  baskets.  Many 
peaches  are  exported  from  this  place. 

Kenaekeet,  Dare  co.,  N.C.    See  Kixxekeet. 

Ken'aeknk,  a  post-hamlet  of  Atchison  co.,  Kansas, 
about  3S  miles  W.N.W.  of  Leavenworth.    It  has  a  church. 

Ken'ner,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  parish.  La.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  <fc 
Chicago  Railroad,  10  mil«  -W.  of  New  Orleans.  It  has  2 
ehurehes.    Pop.  about  1000. 

Kenaer,  a  post-hamlet  of  Matagorda  oo.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  about  60  miles  S.W.  of  Galveston. 

Ken^nerdeli',  a  post-hamlet  of  Venango  co..  Pa.,  in 
Clinton  township,  about  12  miles  S.  of  Franklin.  It  has  a 
church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Kenner's  Prairie,  pra're^  a  hamlet  of  Matagorda 
00..  Tex.     Pop.  65. 

Kennesaw,  Cobb  co.,  6a.    See  Ke^tssaw. 

Ken'net,  a  river  of  England,  eo.  of  Berks,  rises  near 
East  Kennet,  flows  mostly  £.,  and  joins  the  Thames  at 
Reading. 

Ken'netcook,  or  Burlington,  a  post-village  of 
Bants  CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  8  miles  from  Newport.     Pop.  350. 

Ken'nett,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Dunklin  co..  Mo., 
is  near  a  lake  formed  by  the  expansion  of  Little  River, 
about  190  miles  S.  of  Su  Louis.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
newspaper  office. 

Kenaett  Square,  a  post-borough  of  Chester  eo..  Pa., 
in  Kennett  township,  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Baltimore 
Central  Railroad,  36  miles  W.S.W.  of  Philadelphia,  and 
11  miles  N.W.  of  Wilmington,  Del.  It  contains  a  news- 
paper office,  2  academies,  5  ehurehes,  Ac  Pop.  in  1S90, 
1326 ;  of  the  township,  additional,  1185. 

Kea'aey,  an  incorporated  post-village  of  De  Witt  co., 
III.,  at  the  crossing  of  the  Ulinois  Central  and  Terra 
Haute  A  Peoria  Railroads,  36  miles  EJ7.E.  of  Springfield, 
and  21  miles  N.N.W.  of  Deeatnr.  It  has  2  ehurehes,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  2  elevators,  and 
manufactures  of  tiles  and  bricks.     Pop.  about  500. 

Ken'nin^on,  an  extensive  southern  suburb  of  Lon- 


KEN 


1544 


KEN 


don,  CO.  of  Surrey,  pnriih  of  Lamboth,  IJ  miles  S.8.W.  of 
Bt.  P»ul'i.     Pop.  72,607. 

Ken'non,  a  post-hamlet  of  Belmont  eo.,  0.,  28  miles 
T7.  by  N.  of  Rellnire.     It  has  a  church. 

Kcn'noiiitbiirf;,  a  post-villago  of  Noble  oo.,  0.,  in 
Wayne  township,  about  36  miles  E.  of  Zanesville.  It  has 
aohuroh.     Pop.  9t. 

Kenock'ee,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Clair  oo.,  Mich.,  in  Konookoo 
townsihip,  on  or  near  Mill  Creek,  about  64  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Detroit.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1348. 

Kenogami,  ke-nog'a-me,  or  Long  Lake^  a  lake  on 
the  loft  of  the  Chicoiitimi  llivor,  Queboc,  21  miles  above  its 
mouth.  It  is  about  25  miles  long  by  ■i  to  2  miles  wide.  It 
is  sepamtod  from  another  lake,  called  Konogamishish,  by  a 
ridge  about  IJ  miles  long  by  i  mile  wide. 

Keno^ami,  or  Long  Lake,  of  Northwestern  On- 
tario, N.  of  Lake  Supocior,  is  54i  miles  long  by  IJ  miles 
broad.  The  country  around  the  southern  part  of  the  lake 
is  rugged  and  mountainous,  with  very  little  covering  of 
any  kind  upon  the  hard  gneiss  rooks. 

Keno'sna,  the  most  southeastern  county  of  Wisconsin, 
borders  on  Illinois.  Area,  about  230  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  Lake  Michigan,  and  is  intersected 
by  the  Fox  and  Des  Plaines  Rivers.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  calcareous  and  very  fer- 
tile. Wheat,  oats,  Indian  corn,  hay,  flax,  wool,  and  butter 
are  the  staple  products.  Silurian  limestone  is  found  next 
'  to  the  surface.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago 
&  Northwestern  Railroad  and  the  Kenosha  division  of  the 
same,  and  by  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad.  Capital, 
Kenosha.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,147;  in  1880,  13,550;  in  1890, 
15,581. 

Kenosha,  a  city,  capital  of  Kenosha  oo..  Wis.,  is  on 
Lake  Michigan,  10  miles  S.  of  Racine,  34  miles  S.  of  Mil- 
waukee, and  51  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Chicago.  It  is  connected 
with  those  cities  by  the  Milwaukee  division  of  the  Chicago 
A  Northwestern  Railroad,  and  is  the  E.  terminus  of  a  rail- 
road which  extends  to  Rockford,  III.  It  has  a  good  har- 
bor, extensive  fisheries,  and  an  active  business  in  shipping 
wheat  and  other  products.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a 
high  school,  a  national  bank,  2  water-cures,  varied  and 
extensive  manufactures,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  3 
weekly  newspapers.     Pop.  in  1880,  6039;  in  1890,  6532. 

Keno'za  Lake,  a  small  lake  within  the  limits  of 
Haverhill,  Mass. 

Ken'sett,  a  post- village  of  White  co..  Ark.,  on  the  Cairo 
A  Fulton  Railroad,  49  miles  N.E.  of  Little  Rock.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  seminary,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Kensett,  a  post-township  of  Worth  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
292.  Kensett  Station  is  on  the  Central  Railroad,  6  miles 
S.  of  Northwood. 

Kensico,  ken'se-ko,  a  post-village  of  Westchester  co., 
N.Y.,  in  North  Castle  township,  2  miles  from  Kensico  Sta- 
tion (or  Valhalla)  on  the  New  York  &  Harlem  Railroad, 
and  23  miles  N.  by  E.  of  New  York.  It  has  a  church,  a 
flouring-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Ken'sington,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Middlesex, 
forming  a  western  suburb  of  the  metropolis,  4  miles  W.S.W. 
of  St.  Paul's.  It  has  numerous  places  of  worship  and 
schools,  one  of  which  is  in  connection  with  King's  College, 
London,  and  a  national  endowed  school,  an  observatory, 
a  cemetery  at  Kensal  Green,  and  many  elegant  mansions. 
The  parish  comprises  Netting  Hill  and  the  greater  part  of 
Brompton.  The  royal  palace  of  Kensington  adjoins  the 
town,  but  is  in  Westminster.     Pop.  120,299. 

Ken'sington,  a  post-village  of  Hartford  co..  Conn.,  in 
Berlin  township,  on  the  New  York,  Now  Haven  &  Hartford 
Railroad,  11  or  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Hartford.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  savings-bank,  and  a  manufacturing  company 
with  a  capital  of  $300,000. 

Kensington,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Cook  co..  III., 
on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  and  the  Michigan  Central 
Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of  Chicago. 

Kensington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Lyon  township,  on  Woodruff  Creek,  about  2  miles  from 
the  Detroit,  Lansing  &  Lake  Michigan  Railroad,  and  36 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Detroit.     It  has  a  church. 

Kensington,  a  post-township  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.H., 
about  14  miles  S.W.  of  Portsmouth.     Pop.  642. 

Kensington,  a  post-office  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Cleveland  <t  Pittsburg  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Bayard. 

Kensington,  a  northeastern  suburb  of  Philadelphia,  in 
the  I8th  and  19th  wards,  and  on  the  Delaware  River,  about 
2  miles  from  Independence  Hall.  Several  railroads  termi- 
nate in  this  section  of  the  city,  and  here  are  extensive  ship- 
yards, and  manufactories  of  glass,  iron,  <feo. 

Kent,  a  river  of  England.    See  Kex. 


Kent,  kdnt,  a  county  of  England,  forming  the  S.E.  ei> 
tremity  of  Great  Britain,  and  having  N.  the  Thames  and 
North  Sea,  S.E.  the  Straits  of  Dover,  S.  Sussex  and  the 
English  Channel.  Area,  1670  square  miles.  Two  princi- 
pal ranges  of  hills,  contiguous  with  the  North  Downs  of 
Surrey  and  Hants,  extend  through  the  county  from  W.  to 
E.,  which  is  elsewhere  diversified  with  many  minor  ranges. 
In  the  8.  are  Romnoy  Marshes  and  the  tract  tunned  th« 
"  Weald,"  formerly  a  part  of  extensive  forests,  and  still  in- 
terspersed with  numerous  oak  woods.  In  the  N.  are  the 
islands  of  Sheppoy  and  Thanct  and  the  mouths  of  the  Mod- 
way,  Stour,  and  Daront  Rivers.  The  products  are  more 
varied  than  in  any  other  county,  and  generally  superior  in 
quality.  AVheat,  barley,  and  other  grains,  turnips,  hops, 
clover,  Ac,  are  of  the  finest  growth.  Cherry-,  plum-,  and 
filbert-orohards  are  extensive,  and  much  cider  is  made. 
Garden-seeds  are  important  products.  The  stock  of  sheep  is 
large;  and  the  Romney  b<'ecd  is  noted  for  its  long  wool. 
Agriculture  is  in  an  advancv^:!  state.  Estates  are  small, 
owing  to  the  Saxon  custom  of  gavelkind,  here  still  main- 
tained, by  which  the  lands  of  a  father  dying  intestate  are 
divided  among  all  the  sons  alike.  Paper-making  and  ship- 
building are  important  interests.  The  Southeast  Railway 
and  its  branches  traverse  the  county.  The  chief  towns  are 
Maidstone  (the  county  town),  Dover,  Deal,  Greenwich, 
Chatham,  Woolwich,  Sandwich,  Ramsgate,  Margate,  and 
Gravcsend.  The  county  sends  twenty-one  members  to  the 
House  of  Commons,  fifteen  of  whom  are  from  its  boroughs. 
Kent  was  the  eounti^  of  the  Cantii,  and  was  the  first  estab- 
lished kingdom  of  the  Saxon  Heptarchy.     Pop.  1,142,281. 

Kent,  kdnt,  the  most  central  county  of  Delaware,  has 
nn  area  of  about  630  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  Delaware  Bay,  and  is  drained  by  Choptank  River  and 
Duck  and  MispiJIion  Creeks.  The  surface  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  oats,  peaches,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington 
A  Baltimore  Railroad.  Capital,  Dover,  which  is  also  the 
capital  of  the  state.  Pop.  in  1870,  29,804;  in  1880,  32,874; 
in  1890,  32,664. 

Kent,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Maryland,  has  an 
area  of  about  315  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  Sassafras  River,  on  the  S.E.  by  Chester  River,  and  on 
the  W.  by  Chesapeake  Bay.  The  surface  is  undulating. 
The  soil  is  moderately  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats, 
and  fruit  (mostly  peaches)  are  the  staple  products.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Baltimore  &  Delaware  Bay  Railrund. 
Capital,  Chestertown.  Pop.  in  1870,  17,102;  in  1880, 
17,605;  in  1890,  17,471. 

Kent,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Michigan,  has  an  area 
of  860  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Grand  River, 
and  is  also  drained  by  Rouge  and  Thornapple  Rivers.  The 
surface  is  undulating  or  moderately  hilly,  and  is  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  j)ine  and  sugar- 
maple  abound.  The  soil  is  a  fertile  loam.  Wheat,  Indian 
corn,  oats,  lumber,  hay,  butter,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  has  quarries  of  good  limestone  and 
gypsum.  It  is  traversed  by  3  railroads, — the  Grand  Rapids 
A  Indiana,  the  Detroit,  Grand  Haven  A  Milwaukee,  iind 
the  Michigan  Central.  Capital,  Grand  Rapids.  This  is 
the  most  populous  county  of  the  state  except  Wayne.  Pop. 
in  1870,  50,403;  in  1880,  73,253;  in  1890,  109,922. 

Kent,  a  county  of  Rhode  Island,  bordering  on  Con- 
necticut, has  an  area  of  about  180  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  Narragansett  Bay,  and  is  drained  by 
the  Pawtuxet,  Moosup,  and  AVood  Rivers.  The  surface  is 
partly  hilly,  and  a  large  portion  of  it  is  covered  with  for- 
ests. The  soil  produces  hay,  potatoes,  and  Indian  corn. 
The  prosperity  of  this  county  is  chiefly  derived  from  man- 
ufactures of  cottons,  it  having  about  26  cotton-mills  and 
establishments  for  printing  cotton  goods.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  New  York  A  New  England  Railroad  and  the  New 
York,  Providence  A  Boston  Railroad.  Capital,  East  Green- 
wich. Pop.  in  1870,  18,595;  in  1876,  20,348;  in  1880, 
20,688;  in  1890,  26,764. 

Kent,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Texas.  Area,  840 
square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Brazos  River  and  its 
tributaries.  In  the  S.  part  is  Mt.  Converse.  Pop.  in  1880, 
92;  in  1890,  324. 

Kent,  a  county  of  New  Brunswick,  bordering  on  the 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  and  Northumberland  Strait.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Richibucto,  Cocagne,  and  other  navigable 
streams.  Cocagne,  Buctouche,  and  Richibucto  harbors  af- 
ford excellent  facilities  for  ship-building,  and  much  timber 
and  deals  are  shipped  to  England.  The  county  is  traversed 
by  the  Intercolonial  Railway.  Capital,  Richibucto.  Area, 
1720  square  miles.    Pop.  19,101. 


KEN 


1545 


KEN 


Kent,  a  county  of  Ontario,  bordering  en  Lakeg  St. 
Clair  and  Erie.  Area,  044  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Thames  River,  and  traversed  by  the  Great  Western 
and  Canada  Southern  llailways.  Capital,  Chatham.  Pop. 
26,8:;0. 

Kent,  Fairfield  co.,  Conn.    See  South  AViltox. 

Kent,  a  post-villago  of  Litchfield  CO.,  Conn.,  in  Kent 
township,  on  llousatonic  River,  and  on  the  llousatonic  Rail- 
road, 48  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bridgeport,  and  24  miles  N.  of 
Danbury.  It  has  2  churches  and  the  works  of  the  Kent 
Iron  Company.  There  are  several  blast-furnaces  in  the 
township.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1744. 

Kent,  a  post-hamlct  of  Stephenson  co.,  111.,  in  Kent 
township,  14  miles  AV.  of  Freeport.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  store.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1116. 

Kent,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ind.,  in  Republi- 
can township,  on  Ramsoys  Creek,  8  or  9  miles  W.  of  Mad- 
,  igon.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  a  flour-mill,  a 
plough-factory,  and  a  wagon-shop.     Pop.  309. 

Kent,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  601. 

Kent,  a  post-ofiiee  of  Union  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Creston 
Branch  of  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  9 
miles  S.W.  of  Creston. 

Kent,  a  post-office  of  Newton  co.,  Mo. 

Kent,  a  post-office  of  Wheeler  co..  Neb. 

Kent,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  N.Y.,  about  55  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  New  York.  It  has  a  hilly  surface,  and  con- 
tains small  lakes.     It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  1403. 

Kent,  a  post-village  of  Portage  co.,  0.,  in  Franklin 
township,  on  Cuyahoga  River,  and  on  the  Atlantic  <fc  Great 
Western  Railroad,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Akron,  and  35  miles 
S.E.  of  Cleveland.  It  has  7  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
national  bank,  a  manufoctory  of  glass,  several  flour-mills, 
1  or  2  woollen-mills,  a  carriage-shop,  and  a  savings-bank. 
Pop.  (1890)  3501.    Here  are  some  workshops  of  the  railroad. 

Kent,  Indiana  co.,  Pa.    See  Jacksonville. 

Kent  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  in  Tyrone 
township,  on  the  Grand  Rapids,  Newaygo  &  Lake  Shore 
Railroad,  at  Tyrone  Station,  19  miles  N.  of  Grand  Rapids. 
It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  &e. 

Kent  Cliffs,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
66  miles  N.  of  New  York.  Here  is  a  storage-reservoir  of 
the  Croton  Aqueduct. 

Kent'ish-Town,  a  chapelry  of  England,  co.  of  Mid- 
dlesex, forming  a  N.  suburb  of  the  metropolis,  2  miles 
N.N.W.  of  St.  Paul's.  It  contains  many  well-built  streets 
and  handsome  villas,  a  college  of  civil  engineers,  and  many 
schools.     Pop.  68,198. 

Kent  Island,  in  Queen  Anne  co.,  Md.,  is  the  largest 
island  in  Chesapeake  Bay.  It  was  colonized  in  1631  by 
Claiborne,  who  here  established  the  first  settlement  of  white 
men  in  what  is  now  the  state  of  Maryland.  Pop.  1847.  The 
island  is  15  miles  long,  and  has  a  very  fertile  soil.  It  con- 
tains the  village  of  Stevensville,  where  is  Kent  Island  Post- 
Office. 

Kent  Islands,  a  group  at  the  E.  end  of  Bass's  Strait, 
between  Tasmania  and  the  colony  of  Victoria. 

Kcnt'land,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Newton  co.,  Ind., 
in  Jefferson  township,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Lo- 
gansport  with  Watseka,  57  miles  W.  of  Logansport,  and 
about  40  miles  N.W.  of  Lafayette.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
graded  school,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufac- 
tures of  carriages,  flour,  and  flax.     Pop.  lUOO. 

Keu'ton,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  has  an  area  of  about 
152  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Ohio 
River,  which  separates  it  from  Cincinnati,  and  on  the  E.  by 
the  Licking  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly.  The 
Boil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  butter,  pork,  and 
tobacco  arc  the  staple  products.  Blue  or  Trenton  limestone 
underlies  the  soil.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Ken- 
tucky Central,  Queen  &  Crescent,  and  Louisville  &  Nash- 
ville Railroads,  and  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad  enters 
Covington,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  36,096;  in  1S80, 
43,983;  in  1890,  54,161. 

Kenton,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  Del.,  in  Kenton 
Hundred,  and  on  the  Maryland  &  Delaware  Railroad,  42 
miles  S.  of  AVilmington.  It  has  5  stores.  Pop.  of  the 
hundred,  2655. 

Kenton,  a  post-offico  of  Greenwood  co.,  Kansas. 

Kenton,  a  post-office  of  Kenton  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ken- 
tucky Central  Railroad,  about  6  miles  S.  of  Cincinnati. 

Kenton,  a  post-village  in  Linden  township.  Christian 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  Finley  Creek,  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Springfield. 
It  has  3  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Kenton,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Hardin  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Scioto  River,  and  on  the  Cincinnati,  Sandusky  &  Cleveland 
Railroad,  56  miles  N.  of  Springfield,  and  40  miles  S.S.W. 
98 


of  Tiffin.  It  contains  a  union  school,  2  newspaper  offices, 
4  banks,  10  churches,  2  foundries,  and  manufactures  of 
machinery,  sash,  doors,  staves,  <fcc.  Pop.  (1S90)  5557.  Lum- 
ber is  one  of  the  staple  products  of  Hardin  co. 

Kenton,  a  post-village  of  Obion  co.,  Tenn.,  at  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Middle  and  South  Forks  of  the  Obion  River, 
and  on  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  44  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Jackson.     It  has  an  academy  and  2  churches. 

Ken'tontown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Robertson  co.,  Ky., 
16  miles  N.E.  of  Cynthiana.     It  has  a  church. 

Kent's  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Kennebec  co..  Me.,  in 
Readfield  township,  on  a  hill  which  commands  a  beautiful 
view,  about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Augusta.  It  contains  a 
church.  Here  is  the  Maine  AVesleyan  Seminary  and  Fe- 
male College,  which  has  about  800  students. 

Kent's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Wythe  co.,  Va. 

Kent's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  East  Feliciana  parish, 
La.,  5i  miles  E.N.E.  of  Clinton.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and 
manufactures  of  carriages  and  ploughs. 

Kent's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Fluvanna  co.,  Va. 

KenUuck',  a  post-office  of  Talladega  co.,  Ala. 

Kentuck,  a  post-office  of  ,Tackson  co.,  W.  Va. 

Kentuck'y,  an  E.  central  state  of  the  American  Union, 
in  the  Mississippi  Valley,  bounded  N.  by  Illinois,  Indiana, 
and  Ohio,  E.  by  West  Virginia  and  Virginia,  S.  by  Ten- 
nessee, and  W.  by  Missouri.  The  Ohio  River  separates  it 
from  the  states  on  the  N.;  its  E.  line  follows  the  Big  Sandy 
River  and  its  Tug  Fork  to  the  crest  of  the  Cumberland 
Mountains,  which  form  the  S.E.  limit  of  the  state;  the 
S.  boundary,  to  the  E.  of  the  Tennessee  River,  is  the  par- 
allel of  36°  38'  N.,  and  thence  westward  follows  that  of  36° 
30'  N. ;  and  the  Mississippi  River  marks  the  W.  limit. 
Area,  40,400  square  miles. 

Face  of  the  Country. — The  E.  and  S.E.  sections  of  Ken- 
tucky are  traversed  by  numerous  parallel  and  often  pre- 
cipitous N.E.  and  S.AV.  ranges  of  the  Alleghany  system, 
with  deep  and  narrow  intervening  valleys,  the  mountains 
not  exceeding  3000  feet  in  extreme  height,  and  often 
crowned  with  narrow  table-lands.  Hero  are  forests  of 
beech  and  cedar  (growing  chiefly  on  limestone  land),  hem- 
lock, laurel,  and  holly  (on  conglomerate  strata),  and  many 
other  trees ;  and  the  whole  region  abounds  in  picturesque 
scener}',  and  possesses  great  mineral  wealth,  but  is  at  present 
sparsely  peopled.  Westward,  in  E.  central  Kentucky,  is 
the  beautiful  and  exceedingly  fertile  "  blue-grass  region," 
with  a  soil  based  upon  blue  limestone,  and  famous  for  its 
immense  stock-breeding  and  grazing  interests.  A  portion 
of  this  tract  is  skirted  with  regions  known  as  "  barrens," 
which  are,  however,  by  no  means  barren,  as  a  rule.  West- 
ward there  is  a  large  tract  which  was  open  prairie  within 
the  memory  of  living  men,  but  is  now  well  wooded.  In 
the  extreme  W.  there  are  bluffs  and  fertile  river-bottoms, 
which  in  the  S.W.  decline  into  cypress-swamps,  with  large 
shallow  lakes. 

Objects  of  Interest  to  Tourists. — Among  these  we  notice 
first  the  Mammoth  Cave  (which  see),  and  the  other  nu- 
merous caves  and  sinks  of  the  state;  the  salt-licks  and  the 
abundant  and  widely-useful  mineral  waters  of  the  foot-hills 
in  the  E.  central  region  and  of  the  W.  counties ;  the  noble 
and  very  beautiful  park-like  forests  of  the  blue-grass 
country ;  Reelfoot  Lake,  in  the  S.W.  ;  and  the  many  thou- 
sands of  mounds,  rock  houses,  and  fortifications  built  by 
some  prehistoric  race. 

Geology. — The  Lower  Silurian  limestone  and  other  sub- 
carboniferous  strata  extend  southward  from  Cincinnati  in  a 
wide  strip,  completely  dividing  the  coal-bearing  fields  of 
the  E.  and  W.  from  each  other.  The  Cincinnati  limestone 
is  easily  disintegrated,  and  from  the  abundance  of  its  fos- 
sils its  soils  are  self-fertilizing,  as  in  the  blue-grass  country. 
This  tract  is  girt  about  by  a  wide  bolt  of  subcarboniferous 
or  cavernous  limestone,  which  supports  noble  forests  and 
excellent  farms,  as  well  as  wide  "  barrens,"  as  they  are  in- 
correctly called.  The  mountain-region  of  East  Kentucky 
abounds  in  splendid  beds  of  bituminous,  block,  and  cannel 
coals,  and  is  plentifully  supplied  with  excellent  iron  ores. 
It  is  also  finely  timbered,  and  has  abundance  of  salt-licks 
and  springs,  and  petroleum  is  obtained  at  various  points. 
This  region  lacks  railroads,  is  scantily  peopled,  and  its 
vast  mineral  stores  are  utilized  but  very  imperfectly. 
The  area  of  the  eastern  coal-field  is  put  at  10,000  square 
miles.  The  western  coal-field  has  an  area  of  4000  square 
miles,  bordering  upon  Illinois  and  Indiana  and  containing 
both  block  and  cannel  coals.  In  1880  the  product  was 
946,288  tons,  and  in  1889,  2,399,775  tons.  The  fine  cannel 
coals  of  Kentucky  are  now  largely  used  at  home  and  abroad 
in  markets  formerly  supplied  by  England  and  Australia. 
In  the  abundance  and  richness  of  its  iron  ores  it  is  conceded 


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that  no  (Ute  exoels  it  Lead  ia  traood  at  several  places. 
Epsom  and  other  oathartio  salts  are  manufactured  to  some 
•stent  from  its  mineral  waters,  and  nitre  has  been  obtained 
from  the  04\rth  of  its  caverns.  The  8.W.  part  of  the  state 
is  of  the  orctnccous  and  tertiary  formations. 

Agrieiiltural  Jienoiircei. — Kentucky  has  a  high  reputa- 
tion as  a  stock-raising  state.  It«  splendid  herds  of  short- 
horn cattle  and  excellent  thoroughbred  horses  have  a 
world-wide  fame.  Not  loss  important  is  tho  breeding  of 
inulos,  of  which  many  thousands  are  yearly  exported 
largely  to  the  Gulf  states,  and  of  swine,  chiefly  marlceted 
at  liouisvillo  and  Cincinnati.  The  blue  grass  furnishes 
pasture  throughout  the  year.  The  wool-product  is  largo  and 
of  excellent  quality.  Wheat  of  high  cxcollonce  is  a  leading 
crop.  Indian  corn,  hemp,  and  tobacco  are  productions  for 
which  the  climate  is  especially  adapted. 

Manu/aeturei. — The  Ohio  River  towns  have  become  scats 
of  varied  manufacturing  interests;  but  the  manufacture  of 
greatest  extent  and  widest  importance  is  tho  smelting  and 
working  of  iron.  This  industry  finds  its  principal  seat  at 
present  in  the  N.E.  counties.  Whisky  is  a  leading  product 
of  the  central  belt.  Salt  is  quite  largely  made  by  boiling 
the  spring-waters  of  Clay  and  other  counties.  Glass-blow- 
ing is  carried  on  aloiv?  the  Upper  Ohio.  Cooperage,  the 
tobacco-manufivcture,  flour-  and  lumber-milling,  and  the 
production  of  woollen  and  cotton  goods,  rope,  bagging,  fur- 
niture, carriages,  and  machinery,  all  employ  considerable 
capital.  The  existence  of  abundant  water-power  and  cheap 
fuel  indicates  a  great  future  development  of  manufiicturing 
industry. 

Rivers. — Several  affluents,  large  and  small,  of  the  Ohio 
are  adapted  to  steamboat  navigation.  The  Tennessee  and 
Cumberland  Rivers  are  important  channels  of  commerce. 
The  Kentucky,  Green,  Licking,  and  Big  Sandy  admit  of 
considerable  navigation ;  and  this  has  been  largely  ex- 
tended by  means  of  slackwater  improvements,  such  as 
locks,  dams,  and  short  canals.  The  Kentucky  River,  at 
high  stages,  brings  down  largo  amounts  of  freight  upon 
flut-boats.  Tho  extent  of  the  navigable  waters  of  Kentucky 
is  placed  at  4000  miles. 

liailromU. — This  state  early  developed  a  splendid  system 
of  macadamized  roads,  which,  with  her  navigable  streams, 
for  many  years  gave  her  a  pre-eminence  in  point  of  inter- 
nal communication.  As  a  pastoral  and  agricultural  state, 
with  undeveloped  mining  and  manufacturing  interests, 
Kentucky  for  a  long  time  did  not  feel  the  need  of  improved 
methods  of  conveyance.  In  1841  she  had  28  miles  of  rail- 
road; in  1848,  28  miles;  in  1855,  242  miles;  in  1860,  534 
miles;  in  1865,  567  miles;  in  1870,  1017  miles;  in  1875, 
1326  miles  ;  in  1890,  2946  miles  ;  built  at  the  cost,  for  road 
and  works,  of  about  $37,668  per  average  road-mile.  By 
means  of  these  roads  the  principal  towns  and  cities  of  the 
state  are  connected  with  the  commercial  centres  of  all  parts 
of  the  United  States. 

finance*.— The  total  state  debt  in  1890  was  $1,671,133, 
of  which  outstanding  bonds  amounting  to  $680,394,  due  in 
1896,  are  more  than  provided  for  by  the  sinking-fund  of 
$715,208.  The  deficit  in  the  general  fund  is  increasing. 
Education. — In  1798  the  Transylvania  University  (now 
•  Kentucky  University)  was  founded  at  Lexington,  and  other 
colleges  and  academies  soon  followed.  In  1821  some  pro- 
vision was  made  for  a  school-fund  ;  and  a  public  school  sys- 
tem was  framed  in  1838.  The  present  school  laws  came 
into  force  in  1873.  There  are  permanent  state  and  county 
funds,  and  a  school  income  derived  from  general,  special, 
local,  and  district  taxation.  Separate  schools  are  main- 
tained for  colored  pupils.  There  are  several  towns  with 
good  systems  of  graded  schools.  With  Kentucky  University 
are  affiliated  the  state  agricultural  college  and  4  professional 
schools.  There  are  some  12  denominational  colleges  (to  4 
of  which  ladies  are  admitted),  "besides  not  less  than  18 
ladies'  colleges.  There  is  a  public  normal  school  at  Louis- 
ville, besides  several  private  normal  and  training  schools. 
There  are  5  schools  of  theology,  1  of  law,  5  of  medicine,  2 
of  pharmacy,  and  1  of  military  science.  The  number  of 
parish  and  other  private  schools  and  academies  is  large. 
There  is  a  state  institution  for  deaf-mutes  at  Danville,  one 
for  the  blind  at  Louisville,  one  for  the  feeble-minded  at 
Frankfort,  state  insane  hospitals  at  Lexington  and  Hop- 
kinsville,  a  state  penitentiary  at  Frankfort,  a  house  of 
refuge  for  boys  and  girls  at  Louisville,  and  ten  orphanages 
in  different  parts  of  the  state.  Public  instruction  is  under 
the  care  of  a  state  superintendent  and  a  state  board  of 
education,  assisted  by  county  commissioners. 

Conntiei. — Kentucky  is  (1890)  divided  into  119  coun- 
ties: Adair,  Allen,  Anderson,  Ballard,  Barren,  Bath,  Bell, 
Boone,  Bourbon,  Boyd,  Boyle,  Bracken,  Breathitt,  Brecken- 


ridge,  Bullitt,  Butler,  Caldwell,  Calloway,  Campbell,  Car- 
lisle, Carroll,  Carter,  Casey,  Christian,  Clark,  Clay,  Clin, 
ton,  Crittenden,  Cumberland,  Daviess,  Edmondson,  Elliott, 
Estill,  Fayette,  Fleming,  Floyd,  Franklin,  Fulton,  Gallatin, 
Garrard,  Grant,  Graves,  Grayson,  Green,  Greenup,  Han- 
cock, Ilardin,  Harlan,  Harrison,  Hart,  Henderson,  Henry, 
Hickman,  Hopkins,  Jackson,  Jefferson,  Jessamine,  John, 
■on,  Kenton,  Knott,  Knox,  La  Rue,  Laurel,  Lawrence,  Lee, 
Leslie,  Letcher,  Lewis,  Lincoln,  Livingston,  Logan,  Lyon, 
Madison,  Magoffin,  Marion,  Marshall,  Martin,  Mason,  Mo- 
Cracken,  McLean,  Meade,  Menifee,  Mercer,  Metcalfe,  Mon- 
roe, Montgomery,  Morgan,  Muhlenburg,  Nelson,  Nicholai, 
Ohio,  Oldham,  Owen,  Owsley,  Pendleton,  Perry,  Pike, 
Powell,  Pulaski,  Robertson,  Rock  Castle,  Rowan,  Russell, 
Scott,  Shelby,  Simpson,  Spencer,  Taylor,  Todd,  Trigg, 
Trimble,  Union,  Warren,  Washington,  Wayne,  Webster, 
Whitley,  Wolfe,  and  Woodford. 

Citiei  and  Torcni. — Of  these  the  principal  are  Louisville, 
at  the  falls  of  the  Ohio,  the  commercial  metropolis  of  the 
state  (pop.  in  1890, 161,129);  Covington  (37,371)  and  New- 
port (24,918),  manufacturing  cities  on  tho  Ohio,  opposite 
Cincinnati ;  Lexington,  the  emporium  of  the  blue-grass 
country  (21,567);  Paducah,  on  the  Lower  Ohio  (12,797); 
Owensborough  (9837)  and  Henderson  (8835),  both  large 
tobacco  markets  on  the  Ohio;  Frankfort,  the  state  capitnt 
(7892) ;  Bowling  Green  (7803) ;  besides  many  places  which, 
though  not  very  populous,  have  large  commercial  interests, 
such  as  Hopkinsville,  Maysville,  Richmond,  Winchester, 
Dayton,  Paris,  Ashland,  Danville,  and  others. 

The  state  constitution  now  in  force  was  adopted  in  1850. 
The  governor  and  nearly  all  the  principal  executive  officers, 
and  the  38  state  senators,  are  chosen  for  the  term  of  four 
years.  There  are  100  representatives,  who  serve  two  years. 
Voters  must  have  resided  2  years  in  the  state,  1  year  in 
the  county,  and  60  days  in  the  precinct  where  they  vote. 
Judicial  officers  are  elected  by  tho  people  for  limited  terms 
of  service.  The  state  sends  eleven  representatives  to  the 
lower  house  of  Congress.  ■ 

History. — Kentucky,  whose  name  is  said  to  signify  "daric 
and  bloody  ground,"  was  the  ancient  hunting-ground  for 
both  northern  and  southern  tribes  of  Indians,  and  few  of 
cither  section  made  it  a  permanent  abode,  each  class  seem- 
ing to  dread  the  hostility  of  the  other,  although  there  it 
abundant  evidence  that  the  mound-builders  of  the  distant 
past  lived  here  in  considerable  numbers.  In  17C9  Daniel 
Boone  established  himself  in  this  region,  and  was  followed 
by  numerous  hardy  adventurers  from  Virginia  and  North 
Carolina.  In  1775  they  organized  a  local  government,  and 
gave  their  new  country  the  name  of  Transylvania;  but  in 
1776  Virginia  declared  the  whole  region  a  county,  and  after- 
wards a  district,  of  her  own.  In  1790,  after  much  dispute, 
it  became  a  portion  of  the  new  United  States  "  Territory 
south  of  the  Ohio,"  and  in  1792  the  state  was  received  into 
the  Union  with  its  present  limits.  Kentucky  bore  a  highly 
honorable  part  in  the  war  of  1812-15,  and  again  in  the 
Mexican  war.  As  a  slave  state,  many  of  her  people  sympa- 
thized with  the  South  during  the  war  of  1861-65 ;  but  the 
Union  party,  sustained  by  the  presence  of  Federal  troops, 
were  strong  enough  to  prevent  the  secession  of  the  ftate, 
which  was,  however,  the  arena  of  several  active  campaigns. 

Population. — In  1790  the  population  was  73,677;  in  1800, 
220,955;  in  1810,  406,511;  in  1820,  664,135;  in  1830, 
687,917;  in  1840,  779,828:  in  1850,  982,405;  in  1860, 
1,156,684;  in  1870,1,321,011;  in  1880, 1,648,690 ;  in  189(^ 
1,858,635. 

Kentucky,  a  station  on  the  Chicago,  Danville  <k  Vin- 
cennes  Railroad,  6  or  7  miles  N.  of  Danville,  111. 

Kentucky,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
1546.     It  contains  Perry  and  Medina. 

Kentucky  River  is  formed  by  the  North  and  South 
Forks,  which  rise  in  tho  Cumberland  Mountains  and  unite 
at  Proctor,  Ky.  It  runs  generally  northwestward,  with 
many  abrupt  deviations  from  a  direct  course,  and  forms  the 
boundary  between  tho  counties  of  Clark,  Fayette,  Jessa- 
mine, and  Woodford  on  the  right,  and  Madison,  Garrard, 
Mercer,  and  Anderson  on  the  left.  It  subsequently  inter- 
sects Franklin  CO.,  forms  the  S.W.  boundary  of  Owen  co.,  and 
enters  the  Ohio  River  at  Carrollton.  Its  length  is  estimated 
at  250  miles,  or,  if  we  include  one  fork,  350  miles.  Steam- 
boats can  ascend  it  to  Frankfort,  the  capital  of  the  state. 
Near  this  place  tho  river  runs  in  a  deep  chasm  between 
perpendicular  walls  of  limestone.  It  traverses  a  beautiful 
and  fertile  country.  The  North  Fork  of  the  river,  which 
some  regard  as  the  main  stream,  runs  northwestward 
through  Perry  and  Breathitt  cos.  The  South  Fork  runs 
northward  through  Owsley  co.  to  Proctor.  Betwren  these 
is  a  small   stream   called   the  Middle   Fork,  which  flows 


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northward  through  Breathitt  co.,  and  enters  the  North 
Fork  about  3  miles  above  Proctor. 

Kentucky  Town,  a  post- village  of  Grayson  co.,  Tex., 
6  miles  S.AV.  of  Savoy.    It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Kent'ville,  a  post-town  of  Nova  Scotia,  capital  of  the 
CO.  of  Kings,  on  the  Cornwallis  River,  and  on  the  Windsor 
k  Annapolis  Railway,  70  miles  N.W.  of  llalifa.x.  It  has  a 
branch  bank,  several  mills,  an  oflSce  issuing  a  weekly  news- 
paper, and  about  20  stores.     Pop,  1779. 

Kenty ,  kfin'tee,  a  town  of  Austrian  Poland,  circle  of  Wad- 
owice,  on  the  Sola,  .35  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cracow.     Pop.  .3424. 

Kentyre,  ken-tir',  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  S.C. 

Kenvil,  New  Jersey.    See  McCai.vsville. 

Ken'wood,  a  village  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  2  miles  S. 
of  Albany  by  horse  railway.  It  has  a  large  convent  and 
academy. 

Ken'yon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co..  Ark.,  on  the 
Black  River,  about  25  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Batesville.  It  has 
2  churches. 

Kenyon,  a  post-village  in  Kenyon  township,  Goodhue 
CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  Zumbro  River,  14  miles  E.  of  Faribault, 
and  50  miles  S.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high 
gchool,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  879. 

Kenyon,  Ontario.    See  Dunvegan. 

Kenyon  College,  in  Ohio.    See  Gambier. 

Kenyon's  Mill,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  R.I. 
Pop.  95. 

Ken'yonville,  a  village  in  AYoodstock  township,  Wind- 
ham CO.,  Conn.,  on  Still  River,  9  or  10  miles  W.  of  Putnam. 
It  has  a  woollen-mill  and  a  grist-mill.  The  nearest  post- 
ofBce  is  Woodstock  Valley. 

Kcnyonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orleans  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Carlton  township,  on  Oak  Orchard  Creek,  2  miles  from 
Waterport  Station,  and  about  35  miles  W.N.W.  of  Roches- 
ter.    It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Kenzie,  ken'zee,  a  post-office  of  Yell  co.,  Ark. 

Kenzing:en,  kSnt'sing-^n,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the 
Eltz,  and  on  the  railway  from  Mannheim  to  Freiburg,  15 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Freiburg.     Pop.  2356. 

Keocloch,  kee'o-kloK,  a  mountuin  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Scotland,  co.  of  Ross,  between  the  inlets  of  Loch  Gruinard 
and  Little  Loch  Broom. 

Keokuk,  ke'o-kiik,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Iowa, 
has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Skunk 
River,  the  North  and  South  Forks  of  which  unite  in  the 
S.E.  part  of  the  county;  it  is  also  drained  by  the  South 
Fork  of  English  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is 
diversified  Avith  prairies  and  tracts  of  hard  timber.  The  soil 
is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  hay,  oats,  cattle,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  Mines  of  bituminous  coal 
have  been  opened  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul,  Chicago  A  Northwestern, 
P)urlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern,  and  Chicago,  Rock 
Island  &  PaciQo  Railroads.  Capital,  Sigourney.  Pop.  in 
1870,  19,434;  in  1880.  21,258;  in  1890,  23,862. 

Keokuk,  a  city  of  Iowa,  and  one  of  the  capitals  of  Lee 
CO.,  is  situated  on  the  Missi^isippi  River,  at  the  foot  of  the 
Lower  Rapids,  about  205  miles  above  St.  Louis,  and  46 
miles  below  Burlington.  Lat.  40°  23'  N. ;  Ion.  91°  27'  W. 
By  railroad  it  is  161  miles  E.S.E.  of  Des  Moines,  and  250 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Chicago.  The  largest  steamboats  can  as- 
cend the  river  to  this  place.  Keokuk  is  built  on  a  stratum 
of  fine  limestone,  which  is  a  good  material  for  building. 
It  is  connected  with  Hamilton,  III.,  by  a  railroad-  and 
wagon-bridge  across  the  river,  which  is  here  a  mile  wide 
and  is  bordered  by  bluffs  nearly  150  feet  high.  It  is  the 
N.  terminus  of  the  St.  Louis,  Keokuk  <fc  Northwestern 
Railroad,  and  the  S.E.  terminus  of  the  Keokuk  &  Des 
Moines  division  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  k  Pacific  Rail- 
road, which  connects  here  with  the  Toledo,  Peoria  <fc  West- 
ern Railroad,  and  with  branches  of  the  Wabash  and  Chi- 
cago, Burlington  k  Quincy  Railroads.  The  Keokuk  & 
AVcstern  Railroad  extends  from  this  city  to  Van  Wert, 
and  the  Keokuk  and  Northwestern  Railroad  to  Mt.  Pleas- 
ant. Keokuk  contains  19  churches,  a  high  school,  2  med- 
ical colleges,  a  commercial  college,  a  public  library,  2 
national  banks,  2  savings-banks,  and  1  other  bank.  Three 
daily  and  5  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  It  has 
2  breweries,  2  foundries  with  machine-shops,  2  flour-mills, 
lumber-mills,  cooperages,  and  manufactures  of  soap,  can- 
dles, glue,  tin  cans,  powder,  sash,  doors,  baskets,  tobacco, 
Ac.  Keokuk  is  the  terminus  of  a  ship-canal  7i  miles  long 
and  300  feet  wide,  supplying  at  the  lowest  stuge  of  water 
not  less  than  5  feet.     Pop.  in  1880,  12,117  ;  in  1890,14,101. 

Keokuk  Junction,  or  Labu'da,  a  post-village  in 
North-East  township,  Adams  co.,  III.,  on  the  Chicago,  Bur- 
lington A  Quincy  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Wabash 


Railroad,  27  miles  E.N.E.  of  Quincy.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  graded  school. 

Keonjur,  India.    See  Keunjhar. 

Keosauqua,  ke-o-sawk'wa,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa,  in  Van  Buren  township,  on  the  left 
or  N.  bank  of  the  Des  Moines  River,  about  48  miles  W.  by 
S.  of  Burlington,  and  33  miles  S.E.  of  Ottumwa.  It  is  the 
terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific 
Railroad.  The  river  nearly  encloses  this  village.  Keosau- 
qua has  2  banks,  5  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  high 
school,  and  several  mills.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Keo'ta,  a  post-village  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa,  in  Lafay- 
ette township,  on  the  Washington  A  Knoxville  Branch  of 
the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Railroad,  15  miles  W. 
of  Washington.  It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  2  banks,  4 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  foundry,  a  steam  flour-mill,  a 
manufactory  of  organs,  Ac.     Pop.  900. 

Ke^owee',  a  post-office  of  Oconee  co.,  S.C.  Pop.  of 
Keowee  township,  1120. 

Ke'ownville,  a  post-village  of  Union  co..  Miss.,  1(5 
miles  S.  of  Ripley,  and  10  miles  N.  of  New  Albany.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  seminary,  and  a  plough-factory. 

Kephalonia,  island.    See  Cephauonia. 

Kep'nersville,  a  village  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  in 
West  Penn  township,  4  miles  from  New  Ringgold  Railroad 
Station.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  foundry. 

Kcppein,  kSp'p^In,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  gov- 
ernment of  Dusseldorf,  circle  of  Cleves.     Pop.  1480. 

Kep'pel's  Isle,  Australia,  6  miles  from  the  N.E.  coast, 
off  Keppel  Bay.     Lat.  23°  11'  S. ;  Ion.  151°  8'  E. 

Kerah,  k.Vri,  Kherkhah,  kir'ki,  Kara-Soo,  ki"- 
ri'-soo,  or  IlaAVee'za  (anc.  Choaa'pes),  a  river  of  Persia, 
rising  in  lat.  35°  38'  N.,  Ion.  46°  40'  E.,  35  miles  below 
Kermanshah  is  joined  by  two  large  branches, — the  Mori  and 
the  Gomas-Si,  where  it  is  known  as  the  Kerah.  It  fall» 
into  the  Shat-el-Arab  at  lat.  31°  N.     Length,  350  miles. 

Kera«Islak,  the  Turkish  for  Moldavia. 

Kerama,  an  isle  of  Japan.    See  A.MiKinniMA. 

Kcranichfeld,  a  town  of  Saxony.    See  Kranichfeld. 

Kcrasnn,  or  Kerasunt,  Turkey.     See  Keresoo.v. 

Kerbela,  kfiB-bi'li^  or  Meshed-Hossein,  mfish^- 
Sd'-hos'sin',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  28  miles  N.W.  of  the 
ruins  of  Babylon,  on  an  ancient  canal  from  the  Euphrates. 
It  is  large,  and  appears  to  be  flourishing.  The  principal 
buildings  are  the  mosque  and  tomb  of  llossein,  a  son  of 
Ali,  which  is  much  venerated  by  the  Persians. 

Ker'by,  or  Ker'byville,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Josephine  co.,  Oregon,  on  the  Illinois  River,  about  220 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Salem,  and  40  miles  from  the  Pacific 
Ocean.     It  is  surrounded  by  a  hilly  country. 

Kerbyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Taney  co.,  Mo.,  in  Swan 
township,  52  miles  S.  of  Springfield. 

Kerckhove,  or  Kerkhove,  k5Rk'ho-v§h,  a  village  of 
Belgium,  in  West  Flanders,  on  the  Scheldt,  28  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Bruges.     Pop.  1500. 

Kerek,  kA'rSk',  a  town  of  Syria,  E.  of  the  Dead  Sea, 
and  50  miles  S.E.  of  Jerusalem. 

Kcrensk,  ki-rinsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and 
91  miles  W.N.W.  of  Penza,  on  the  Vad.     Pop.  2526. 

Kcrenzen,  k^-rdnt's^n,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton and  6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Glarus.     Pop.  1556. 

Kere'ra,  an  island  off  the  W.  coast  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Argyle,  in  the  Sound  of  Mull,  forming  the  W.  screen  of  the 
beautiful  bay  of  Oban,  about  7  miles  E.  of  the  island  of 
Mull,  to  which  there  is  a  ferry.  Length,  5  miles;  breadth, 
2  miles.     Alc'tander  II.  died  here  in  1249. 

Kercsoon,  Keresoun,  Kerasun,  Khcrasoon, 
ki-ra-soon',  or  Kerasunt,  ki-ra-soont'  (anc.  Cer'asus), 
a  seaport  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  70  miles  W.  of  Trebizond, 
on  the  Black  Sea.  Lat.  40°  57'  10"  N.;  Ion.  38°  22'  E. 
Pop.  3000.  It  stands  on  a  rocky  promontory,  with  a  spa- 
cious bay  on  its  E.  side.     Near  it  are  mines  of  alum. 

Keresztur,  Hungary.    See  Bodrogh-Keresztur. 

Keresztut,  ki-r6sHoot',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Szabolcs,  46  miles  N.  of  Debreczin.     Pop.  1836. 

Kcret,  ki-rSt',  a  lake  of  Russia,  in  the  W.  of  the  gov- 
ernment of  Archangel.  Lat.  66°  N. ;  Ion.  32°  30'  E.  It 
is  about  20  miles  long  by  about  9  miles  broad,  and  contains 
a  large  island. 

Kerguelen  (k§rg'§-l?n;  Fr.pron.  k5R'gg,-l6}*»')  Land, 
or  Island  of  Desolation,  an  island  of  the  Indian 
Ocean,  in  lat.  50°  S.,  Ion.  70°  E.  Length,  about  100  miles; 
greatest  breadth,  50  miles.  It  is  sterile,  or  covered  with 
moss,  and  inhabited  by  wild  fowl.  It  was  discovered  by 
Kerguelen,  a  French  navigator,  about  the  year  1772.  It 
produces  a  curious  and  useful  plant,  the  Kerguelen  Land 
cabbage,  and  is  said  to  hare  beds  of  coaL 


KGR 


1548 


KER 


Kerhonk'non^  a  post-village  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Wallkili  Kivor,  and  on  the  Delaware  A  Hudson  Canal, 
about  23  miles  S.W.  of  Rondout.    It  has  2  ohnrehea. 

Kcridi,  the  Turkish  name  of  Crete. 

Kcrin'ia,  or  Keryn'in,  a  seaport  town  of  Cyprus,  on 
Its  N.  coast,  12  milos  N.  by  W.  of  Lefkosia. 

Kcris't  or  Kiris',  a  village  of  Buiti,  just  above  the 
junction  of  the  Shayook  and  the  Indus,  89  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Scrinagur. 

Kcrka,  kdn'ki,  or  TiziOf  teod'ze-o  (anc.  Titiutt),  a 
river  of  Dahnatia,  enters  the  Adriatic  a  little  below  Sebonioo, 
after  a  S.  course  of  00  miles. 

Kcrkcsiah,  kir-kf-sco'Jl,  or  Kalneh^  kHrn^h,  an 
ancient  town  of  Mesopotamiiv,  at  the  junction  of  the  Kha- 
boor  with  the  Euphrates,  lat.  ib"  25'  N. 

Kcrkhah,  a  river  of  Persia.    See  Kkkah. 

Kcrkhovc,  Belgium.    See  Kerckhove. 

Kcrkho'vcn,  a  post-village  of  Swift  co..  Minn.,  on  the 
St.  Paul  A  Pacific  Railroad,  118  miles  W.  of  St.  Paul.  Pop. 
of  Kerkhovcn  township,  474. 

Kerkinet  Gulf.    See  Qulp  of  Kerkinit. 

Kcr'kini,  or  Kar'kenah  (anc.  Gerdna),  an  island 
group  of  the  Mediterranean,  belonging  to  Tunis,  in  the 
Oulf  of  Cabes,  the  principal  island  being  150  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Tunis.  Though  rocky  and  sterile,  some  are  inhabited, 
and  on  the  largest  are  several  villages  and  a  castle. 

Kcrkisyah,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey.     See  Karkissa. 

Kcrkit-Chifllik,k«r'keet'-chiftMeek',atownofTurk- 
'Ish  Armenia,  86  miles  W.  of  Erzroom. 

Kerkook,  Kcrkiik,  kir^kook',  or  Kir^kook',  a 
town  of  Turkish  Koordistan,  155  miles  N.  of  Bagdad.  It 
is  the  see  of  a  Chaldean  bishop.     Pop.  13,000. 

Kcrkrade,  kfink'ri-d^h,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
In  Limburg,  16  miles  E.  of  Macstricht.     Pop.  5152. 

Kcrkura,  the  Greek  name  of  Corfu. 

Kcrkzken,  kinks'k^n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  1220. 

Kermadec'  Islands,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  consist  of 
Macaul.ay  Island  (lat.  36°  16'  S.,  Ion.  173°  32'  W.),  Curtis 
Island,  Ac.     They  are  fruitful  and  inhabited. 

Herman,  or  Kirman,  kjr-mJn'  (anc.  Carma'nia,  or 
Karma'nia),  a  province  of  Persia,  mostly  between  lat.  26° 
and  31°  N.  and  Ion.  55°  and  60°  E.,  having  S.  the  Persian 
Gulf,  and  landward  the  provinces  of  Laristan,  Fars,  and 
Yczd,  with  West  Afghanistan  and  Beloochistan.  Esti- 
mated area,  about  65,000  square  miles.  Pop.  stated  to  be 
600,000.  Surface  mostly  mountainous  and  barren,  the  irri- 
gation being  almost  wholly  artificial;  climate  unhealthy. 
'The  E.  coast-line,  called  Moghistan,  or  Maghistan,  belongs 
to  the  Muscat  dominion,  and  comprises  the  towns  of  Gom- 
broon and  Jask ;  elsewhere  the  principal  towns  are  Kcrman, 
Krook,  and  Nuheemabad. 

Herman,  GhircUan,^  gheer-jin',  or  Serjan,  8§r-jln' 
(anc.  Carmana),  a  city,  capital  of  tho  province  of  Kerman. 
Lat.  29°  48'  N.;  Ion.  56°  30'  E.  Pop.  30,000.  It  stands  in  a 
plain  commanded  by  two  hill-forts,  and  has  a  citadel  and 
various  fine  buildings.  It  was  once  very  flourishing,  and 
still  has  manufactures  of  shawls,  carpets,  and  matchlocks. 

Hcrmania,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey.     See  Marash. 

Hermanshah,  Kirmanshah,  kdr^min^shah',  or 
.Kermisin,  kftr^me'scen',  a  town  of  Persia,  province  of 
Irak-Ajcmee,  occupying  two  or  three  small  hills  at  the  W. 
extremity  of  a  broad  plain,  near  tho  right  bank  of  tho 
Kcrah,  280  miles  W.S.W.  of  Teheran.  Lat.  34°  30'  N. ; 
Ion.  46°  37'  E.  It  is  surrounded  by  an  earthen  wall  nearly 
3  miles  in  circumference,  and  has  five  gates.  The  routes 
from  Bagdad,  Shooster,  Ispahan  by  way  of  Hamadan,  and 
Sulcimanecyah,  all  meeting  here,  make  it  the  entrepOt  of 
considerable  traffic.     Pop,  35,000. 

Kern,  a  large  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  California, 
is  partly  drained  by  Kern  River.  Tulare  Lake  touches  its 
N.  border,  and  tho  Coast  Range  of  mountains  extends 
along  its  S.W.  border.  This  county  comprises  several  high 
peaks  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  and  an  extensive  plain  or  val- 
ley lying  between  the  Coast  Range  and  the  Sierra  Nevada. 
The  highlands  produce  good  timber,  including  the  pine,  fir, 
and  oak.  TheTejon  Pass,  in  the  S.  part,  is  5285  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile  and 
adapted  to  pasturage.  Gold,  salt,  sulphur,  and  petroleum 
are  found  in  several  parts  of  this  county.  Gold,  wool,  and 
barley  are  the  staple  products.  The  county  is  intersected  by 
the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad.  Area,  7971  square  miles. 
Capital,  Bakersfleld.     Pop.  in  1880,  5601 ;  in  1890,  9808. 

Ker^nan',  a  post-hamlet  of  La  Salle  co.,  III.,  on  the 
Chicago  4  St.  Louis  division  of  the  Atchison,  Topeka  & 
Santa  F6  Railroad,  83  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago,  and  6  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Streator. 


Ker'nersvillc,  a  post-village  of  Forsyth  co.,  N.C.,  on 
the  Northwestern  North  Carolina  Railroad,  18  miles  W.  of 
Grcensborough.     Pop.  750. 

Kcr'neysville,  or  Kear'ncysville,  a  post-hamlft 
of  Jefferson  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  tho  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Uuilroad, 
11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Harper's  Ferry.  It  has  a  church  and 
6  or  8  residences. 

Kcru  Lake  (sometimes  called  Upper  Tule  Lake), 
of  Kern  co.,  Cal.,  is  situated  in  about  35°  10'  N.  lat.  and  Hit" 
20'  W.  Ion.  It  is  about  15  miles  long  by  8  miles  wide.  It 
receives  part  of  tho  waters  of  Kern  River,  and  its  outlet 
communicates  with  Tule  Lake. 

Kern  llivcr,  Californi.a,  rises  in  the  Sierra  Nevada, 
runs  first  southward,  then  westward  and  northwestward,  in 
Kern  co.,  and  enters  Tulare  Lake.  It  divides  into  several 
channels,  one  of  which  enters  Goose  Lake.  Its  length  is  esti- 
mated at  200  miles.  Near  its  source  it  runs  in  a  cafion  of 
immense  depth  between  Mount  Whitney  and  Kaweah  Peak. 

Herns,  kdnns,  a  village  and  parish  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton of  Untcrwalden,  I  mile  N.E.  of  Sarnon.     Pop.  2292. 

Kerns'town,  a  post-ofiice  of  Frederick  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Harper's  Ferry  A  Valley  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Winchester. 

Hernuk,  kSn^nook'  (?),  a  town  of  Central  Africa,  cap!- 
tal  of  the  territory  of  Loggun,  on  the  S.  tide  of  Lake  Chad. 
Pop.  15,000. 

Kern'villc,  a  post-village  of  Kern  co.,  Cal.,  is  near  the 
North  Fork  of  Kern  River,  about  12  miles  N.E.  of  llavilalL 
It  has  gold-mines  and  a  quartz-mill.     Pop.  500. 

Her^owlce',  a  small  state  in  Rajpootana,  India,  be- 
tween lat.  25°  53'  and  26°  48'  N.  and  Ion.  76°  47'  and  77° 
38'  E.    Area,  1878  square  miles.     Pop.  187,800. 

Kcrpcn,  kSn'p^n,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  13  milw 
S.W.  of  Cologne.     Pop.  2987. 

Kerr,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Texas,  has 
an  area  of  about  1100  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
head-streams  of  tho  Guadalupe  River.  Tlio  surface  is 
hilly,  and  partly  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  produces 
pasture  for  numerous  cuttle.  This  county  is  traverse.l  by 
the  San  Antonio  A  Aransas  Pass  Railroad.  Capital,  Kerr- 
ville.     Pop.  in  1870,  1042;  in  1880,  2168;  in  I»90,  4402. 

Kerr,  a  township  of  Champaign  co..  III.     Pop.  361. 

Hcrrea,  a  town  of  Toorkistan.    See  Kiria, 

Kerr's,  a  post-office  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ark.,  on  the  Littl* 
Rock  A  Memphis  Railro.ad,  14  miles  E.  of  Little  Rock. 

Kerr's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockbridge  co.,  Va., 
6  miles  S.  of  Goshen  Station.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Kerr's  Mills  (Oaktown  Post-Office),  a  village  of  Pulaski 
CO.,  111.,  at  Oakland  Station  on  the  Cairo  A  Vinccnnes  Rail- 
road, 24  miles  N.E.  of  Cairo.     Pop.  100. 

Kerr's  Station,  a  post-ofiice  of  Washington  co..  Pa, 

Kerr's  Store,  Clarion  co..  Pa.    See  Mii.lville. 

Kerrs'ville,  a  post-oflSco  and  station  of  Cumberland 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  tho  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad,  8  miles  W, 
by  S.  of  Carlisle. 

Kerr'ville,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Tcnn.,  on  th« 
Paducah  A  Memphis  Railroad,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  MenipUis. 
It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  1  or  2  steam  cotton-gins. 

Kerrville,  an  incorporated  post-village,  capital  of 
Kerr  co.,  Tes.,  on  the  Guadalupe  River,  at  the  teruiinns 
of  the  Aransas  Pass  A  San  Antonio  Railway,  71  miles 
N.W.  of  San  Antonio.  It  has  a  stone  court-house,  5 
churches,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  and  2  newspaper  oiEccs, 
Pop.  in  1880,  156;  in  1890,  1044. 

Ker'ry,  a  maritime  county  in  tho  S.W.  part  of  Ireland, 
in  Munster,  having  N.  the  estuary  of  the  Shannon.  Area, 
1852  square  miles.  Pop.  201,039,  a  large  proportion  of 
whom  speak  only  tho  Irish  tongue.  Surface  extremely 
wild,  rugged,  and  mountainous.  MacGillicuddy  Recks,  the 
loftiest  mountains  in  Ireland,  are  in  this  county.  Co-ist- 
lino  deeply  indented  with  baj's,  of  which  Tralee,  Dingle, 
and  Kenmaro  are  the  chief.  Dunmore  Head,  between  tho 
two  former,  is  the  most  westerly  land  in  Ireland.  Princi- 
pal rivers,  the  Feale,  Maine,  Laune  or  Lane,  and  Roughty. 
Lakes  comprise  those  of  Killarney,  Carra,  and  Currjinc. 
Soil  mostly  inferior,  except  in  the  central  lowlands,  where 
it  is  a  rich  loam,  resting  on  limestone.  Agi-iculturc  is  very 
backward.  Chief  crops,  potatoes,  wheat,  and  barley.  Nu- 
merous goats  and  small  cattle  are  pastured  in  the  moun- 
tains. Chief  towns,  Tralee  (the  capital),  Killarney,  Dingle, 
and  Kcnmare.  Tho  county  sends  two  members  to  tho 
House  of  Commons,  and  the  borough  of  Tralee  one  member. 

Ker'ry,  or  Ceri,  a  village  of  Wales,  co,  of  Montgomery, 
2i  miles  E.S.E.  of  Newton,  at  the  terminus  of  a  branch  rail- 
way.    Pop.  of  parish,  2077. 

Ker'ry  Head,  a  lofty  promontory  of  Ireland,  in  Mon- 
ster, CO.  of  Kerry,  S.  of  the  entrance  to  the  Shannon. 


KER 


1540- 


KET 


KcTsah,  a  village  of  Arabia.    See  Fart  ash. 

Kersey,  Elk  co.,  Pa.    See  Centkeville. 

Ker'shnw',  a  northern  county  of  South  Carolina,  has 
an  area  of  about  775  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  in  the 
S.W.  part  by  the  Wateree  River,  and  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  Lynch's  Creek,  which  drains  a  considerable  extent  of 
territory  on  that  side  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  diversi- 
fied with  hills  of  moderate  height,  and  is  extensively  cov- 
ered with  forests.  The  soil  produces  cotton  and  Indian  corn. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Charleston,  Cincinnati  & 
Chicago  Railroad,  and  the  Camden  Branch  of  the  South 
Carolina  Railroad.  Capital,  Camden,  Pop.  in  1870, 11,754; 
in  18S0,  21,538;  in  ISyO,  22,361. 

Kershena,  Wisconsin.    See  Keshena. 

Kersko,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Qurkfeld, 

Kertch,  kSnch  (anc.  Paiiticapse'iim),a.  strongly-fortified 
town  of  Russia,  in  the  Crimea,  on  a  tongue  of  land  forming 
ar  peninsula  of  the  same  name,  noted  for  its  mud-volcanoes, 
on  the  Strait  of  Yenikale,  connecting  the  Sea  of  Azof  with 
the  Black  Sea,  130  miles  E.N.E.  of  Simferopol.  Lat.  45° 
20'  N.;  Ion.  36°  28'  E.  In  1827  it  was  declared  a  free 
port,  and  an  extensive  lazaretto  was  built.  It  has  a  navy- 
yard  and  foundry,  and  a  large  export  trade  in  stone,  fish, 
salt,  candles,  soap,  grain,  and  hides.  Its  site  is  that  of  the 
ancient  Panticapteum,  the  residence  and  burial-place  of 
Mithridates.  The  modern  town  is  of  very  recent  existence. 
Pop.  22,449. 

Ker'ton,  a  township  of  Fulton  co.,  111.,  on  the  Illinois 
River.    Pop.  504. 

Kerur,  a  town  of  India.     See  Caroor. 

Kerynia,  a  town  of  Cyprus.    See  Kerinia. 

Kerzeh,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Giierzeh. 

Kerzers,  kSut's^rs  (Fr.  Chiitres,  shee-At'r'),  a  village 
of  Switzerland,  canton  and  11  miles  N.  of  Freyburg.  It  is 
B..very  ancient  place,  and  is  supposed  to  have  derived  its 
name  from  the  Latin  word  Carcerea  ("  prisons").    Pop.  1119. 

Ke'sabpoor',  a  town  of  Bengal,  district  and  18  miles 
S»  of  Jessore,  on  the  navigable  Ilurihur  and  Bhuddra 
Rivers.  It  has  many  sugar-refineries,  brass-foundries,  and 
potteries,  and  a  largo  trade  in  rire  and  sugar. 

Ke'sal',  a  town  of  Shahabad  district,  Bengal.     P.  3169. 

Kesariah,  a  city  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Kaisareeyeh. 

Keshan,  kd'shdn',  Kishan,  kish^&n',  or  Ruskoi, 
rfis'Koi',  a  walled  town  of  European  Turkey,  in  Rouraelia, 
26  miles  N.  of  Gallipoli.  It  has  about  900  houses  and  a 
thriving  trade. 

Keshe'na,  or  Kcrshe'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shawano 
CO.,  AVis.,  on  Wolf  River,  8  miles  N.  of  Shawano.  Pop.  49. 
It  has  a  church.  Here  is  the  Menominee  Indian  Reserva- 
tion and  Agency. 

Keshin,  kSsh'een',  or  Keshein,  k^h'shin',  a  mari- 
time village  of  Arabia,  on  its  S.E.  coast,  35  miles  S.W.  of 
Cape  Fartash.  Though  the  capital  of  the  Mahrah  sultan,  it 
is  a  miserable  place,  with  only  a  few  houses.     Pop.  400. 

Kesho,  a  city  of  Tonquin.    See  Ketcho. 

Kes'ler's  Cross  Lanes,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nicholas 
CO.,  W.  Va.,  18  miles  N.  of  the  Chesapeake  &,  Ohio  Railroad. 
It  has  2  churches.     Coal  abounds  here. 

Kesniark,  or  Kasmark,  kSs'maRk  (Ger.  Kaiaers- 
markt,  ki'z§rs-maRKt^),  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Zips,  on 
the  Poprad,  125  miles  N.E.  of  Pesth.  Pop.  3938,  of  whom 
2500  are  Protestants.  It  is  enclosed  by  old  walls,  entered 
by  three  gates,  and  has  a  large  tower  built  in  1433,  a  town 
hall,  a  high  school,  a  gymnasium,  and  a  ruined  castle. 

Kesnitz,  kJss'nits,  or  Kesziutz,  kfiss'ints,  a  village 
of  Hungary,  23  miles  N.E.  of  Temesvar.     Pop.  2104. 

Kesrie,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Kastoria. 

Kess,  the  Russian  name  of  Vendex. 

Kessel,  kfis's?!,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Lim- 
burg,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Roermond.    Pop.  1263. 

Kessel-Bashi-Nor,  k5s's?l-bi'8hee-nor,  a  lake  of 
Chinese  Toorkistan,  near  the  sources  of  the  Irtish  River, 
in  lat.  46°  30'  N.,  Ion.  87°  E.  Length,  nearly  80  miles ; 
greatest  breadth,  25  miles.  It  receives  a  considerable 
river,  but  has  no  efflux  for  its  waters. 

Kesselsdorf,  kSs'sels-donr,  Ober,  o'ber,  and  Nieder, 
nee'd^r,  two  nearly  contiguous  villages  of  Prussia,  govern- 
ment of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  686. 

Kessenich,  kSs's^h-nis",  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Lim- 
bonrg,  on  the  Meuse,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Hasselt.    Pop.  4500. 

Kessing,  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Kepfisg. 

Kess'ler's,  a  post-office  of  Northampton  co.,  Pa.,  about 
8  miles  N.  of  Easton. 

Kestenholz,  kSs't^n-holts  (Fr.  Chdtenott,  sh^H^n'- 
wi'),  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Lower  Alsace,  3  miles  by  rail 
W.  of  Schlettstadt.  It  has  manufactures  of  muslins,  paper, 
and  twine.    Pop.  3417. 


Kcs'ter,  a  post-offico  of  Park  co.,  Col. 

Kcsteren,  k5s'ti-r§n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Gelderland,  14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Nymwegcn.     Pop.  2503. 

Kes'teven,  Parts  of,  the  S.W.  subdivision  of  the  Eng- 
lish CO.  of  Lincoln.    Area,  454,875  acres.     Pop.  105,597. 

Keswick,  kfiz'wik  or  kSz'ik,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
of  Cumberland,  on  the  Greta,  between  the  foot  of  Skiddaw 
Mountain  and  the  N.  end  of  Lake  Derwent- Water,  on  a 
railway,  24  miles  S.S.W.  of  Carlisle.  It  has  an  elegant 
church,  a  town  hall,  a  free  school,  a  workhouse,  museums 
of  minerals,  several  good  hotels,  and  manufactures  of  linsey- 
woolseys  and  lead-pencils.  The  potting  of  char,  taken  in 
the  lakes,  is  also  a  leading  business.  In  the  season  many 
tourists  make  it  their  headquarters.     Pop.  2777. 

Kes'wick,  or  Medi'na,  a  post-village  in  York  co., 
Ontario,  16  miles  N.  of  Newmarket.  It  contains  a  saw- 
mill and  2  stores.     Pop.  125.    See  also  Roach's  Point. 

Keswick  (kSz'wik)  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Albe- 
marle CO.,  Va.,  on  the  Chesapeake  <t  Ohio  Railroad,  at  its 
junction  with  the  AVashington  City  &  Virginia  Midlana 
Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of  Charlottesville.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  tannery. 

Keswick  Lake,  England.    See  Derwent- Water. 

KesAvick  Ridge,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  New  Brunswick  Railway,  12  miles  N.AV. 
of  Fredericton.     Pop.  150. 

Keszthely,  kSst'hfii',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Szalad,  near  the  W.  extremity  of  Lake  Balatony,  96  miles 
S.  of  Presburg.  Pop.  3995.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen 
cloths,  fisheries,  a  trade  in  wine,  and  an  extensive  tchool  of 
agriculture,  termed  the  Georgicon,  with  a  gj'mnasium. 

Kct,  kSt,  a  river  of  Asiatic  Russia,  rises  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Yeniseisk,  about  lat.  58°  N.,  flows  AV.N.AV.,  and 
joins  the  Obi  on  the  right  about  IS  miles  above  Narym, 
after  a  course  of  above  500  miles. 

Kcta,  or  Kheta,  ki'tH,  a  river  of  Asiatic  Russia,  rises 
in  the  government  of  Yeniseisk,  in  lat.  68°  N.  and  Ion.  95° 
E.,  flows  N.N.E.,  and  joins  the  Khatanga  on  the  left,  after 
a  course  of  nearly  300  miles. 

Kctch'am,  a  post-ofSce  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  7  or  8 
miles  N.  of  AVilkesbarre. 

Ketcho,  k5ch'0\  now  generally  called  Ha-Noi  (the 
former  name  written  also  Kesh'o^  or  Cachao,  kitch'i'o, 
Kecho,  and  Cacheo),  the  largest  city  and  capital  oC  ilio 
French  dependency  of  Tonquin,  in  Asia,  on  the  Tonquin 
River,  about  95  miles  from  its  mouth.  Pop.  150,000.  It  is 
of  great  extent,  and  is  defended  by  a  citauel.  The  streets 
are  wide  and  paved ;  the  houses  mostly  of  mud  and  timber. 
The  public  edifices  comprise  one  royal  p.alace,  and  the  ruins 
of  another,  which  appears  to  have  been  of  vast  extent. 
Though  its  river  is  navigable  only  for  small  vessels,  it  has 
a  considerable  trade.  The  chief  exports  are  bullion,  fine 
silks,  and  lacquered  wares ;  the  imports,  cloths,  chintzes, 
pepper,  arms,  and  Indian  and  European  manufactures. 

Ketch'um's  Cor'ners,  a  post-hamlet  in  Stillwater 
township,  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Saratoga 
Springs.     Here  are  several  churches. 

Ketch'umville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  co.,  N.Y., 
about  16  miles  N.AV.  of  Binghamton.     It  has  a  church. 

Ketegyhaza,  kiHJj^hi'zoh*,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co. 
of  Bekes,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Csaba.     Pop.  2778. 

Ketekaune-Seebe,  Ontario.    See  Garden  Bites. 

Ketember,  one  of  the  Key  Islands. 

Kethely,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Mannbrsdorp. 

Ketoy,  ki-toy',  one  of  the  Kooril  Islands.  Lat.  of  the 
S.  extremity,  47°  17'  30"  N.;  Ion.  152° 24'  E. 

Ketrz,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Katscher. 

Ketsa,  kdt'shoh*,  a  village  of  Hungary,  in  Banat,  co. 
of  Torontal,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Temesvar.    Pop.  3564. 

Ketskemet,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Kecskemet. 

Ket'tering,  a  town  of  England,  at  a  railway  junction, 
14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Northampton.  Pop.  of  parish,  7184, 
ernployed  in  weaving  silk  plush,  and  in  wool-combing. 

Kettleby,  ket'tel-be,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  On- 
tario, 7  miles  Vf.  of  Aurora.     Pop.  150. 

Kettle  (ket't'l)  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Potter 
CO.,  runs  southwestward  to  Clinton  co.,  and  enters  the  AVest 
Branch  of  the 'Susquehanna  about  5  miles  above  llenovo. 

Kettle  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Potter  co..  Pa.,  on 
Kettle  Creek,  about  33  miles  N.  by  AV.  of  Lock  Haven. 
It  has  a  church.  Here  are  the  ruins  of  Oleana,  the  colony 
established  by  OIo  Bull. 

Kettle  Island,  an  island  in  the  Ottawa  River,  about 
2  miles  below  the  mouth  of  the  Rideau. 

Kettle  River,  Minnesota,  rises  in  Carlton  co.,  runi 
southward  through  Pine  oo.,  and  enters  the  St.  Croix  River 
near  lat.  45°  50'  N.    It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 


KET 


1550 


KEY 


Kettle  River,  a  township  of  Pino  co.,  Minn.   Pop.  40. 

Kettle  Itirer  Stntion,  a  poKt-hamlot  of  Pine  co., 
Uinn.,  on  Kcttlo  Ilivur,  nn J  on  Ibo  St.  Paul  &  Duluth  Rail- 
nwd,  95  miloa  N.  of  St.  Paul. 

Ket^leraville.  a  post-office  of  Shelby  oo.,  Ohio. 

KctUoor',  or  Ketiir,  k^-toor',  written  also  KitHoor' 
and  Kitiir,  ko-toor',  a  town  of  India,  district  and  28  miles 
S.K.  of  Ik'lgiiuin.     Pop.  7106. 

Kcttwig,  kitfitiG,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  13  miles 
by  mil  N.K.  of  Dusseldorf.     Pop.  3224. 

Keturin,  Loch,  Scotland.  See  Locn  Katthne. 

Ketzclsdorf,  kAts'fls-donr,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  27 
miles  N.  of  Koniggratz.     Pop.  1300. 

Kcuka,  ke-yu'ka,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Wayne  township,  on  Kouka  Lake,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Ilam- 
mond.<>port. 

Keuka  (or  Crooked)  Lake,  New  York.  The  head 
of  this  lake  is  at  llnmmondsport,  Steuben  co.,  from  which 
it  extends  northeastward  to  Penn  Yan,  Yates  co.,  a  distance 
uf  about  20  miles.  It  is  about  2  miles  wide,  and  has  an 
irregular  form.  The  surface  is  718  feet  above  the  level  of 
the  sea,  and  the  depth  is  about  200  feet.  The  water  is  dis- 
charged by  a  short  outlet,  which  issues  from  the  N.E.  end 
and  enters  Seneca  Lake,  falling  271  feet  in  a  course  of  7 
miles.  Steamboats  navigate  this  lake  in  summer.  Its 
shores  are  noted  for  vineyards. 

Keuiijhar,  k^-oon'j^r,  or  Keonjur,  k^-on'jtSr,  a  na- 
tive state  of  India,  in  Ori'ssa,  lat.  21°-22°  9'  30"  N.,  Ion.  85° 
14'-86°  24'  35"  E.  Area,  3096  square  miles.  It  comprises 
Upper  and  Lower  Keunjhar,  and  is  governed  by  a  manara- 
jah,  tributary  to  the  British.  CapiUil,  Keunjhar,  a  village 
of  2500  inhabitants,  in  lat.  21°  37'  25"  N.,  Ion.  85°  37'  31" 
E.     Total  pop.  181,871. 

Kev^asnmsk',  a  village  of  Siberia,  government  and 
about  220  miles  N.  of  Tobolsk,  on  the  E.  side  of  a  largo 
island  formed  by  the  Obi.     It  is  inhabited  by  Ostiaks. 

Kcvelaer,  or  Kevelilr,  kA'v?h-liri\  a  town  of  Rhen- 
ish Prussia,  31  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Dusseldorf,  on  the 
Niers.     Pop.  3466. 

KeAV,  kn,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  on  the 
Thames,  7  miles  W.  of  London.  The  village  is  mostly  built 
around  a  green,  and  has  many  handsome  mansions,  in- 
eluding  a  royal  palace,  once  the  favorite  residence  of  George 
III.  The  botanical  garden,  possessing  one  of  the  most 
celebrated  collections  of  plants  in  Europe,  is  kept  up  at  the 
national  cost  and  is  open  to  the  public.     Pop.  1033. 

Kewance,  ke-wah'nc,  a  post- village  of  Henry  co.,  111., 
in  Kewanee  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  AQuincy 
Railroad,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Galva,  and  132  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Chicago.  It  contains  12  churches,  2  banks,  3  newspaper 
offices,  a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  steam-heaters, 
boilers,  pumps,  wagons,  &e.  Bituminous  coal  is  mined 
here.     Pop.  in  1880,  2704;  in  1890,  4569. 

Kewanee,  a  post-office  of  Lauderdale  co.,  Miss. 

KeWvaii'na,  a  post-villBge  in  Union  township,  Fulton 
CO.,  Ind.,  about  20  miles  N.  of  Logansport.  It  has  2  banks, 
a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  3  churches. 

Kewas'kum,  a  post- village  of  Washington  co..  Wis., 
in  Kewaskum  township,  on  the  Milwaukee  River,  and  on 
the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  21  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Fond  du  L.ic,  and  7  miles  N.  of  West  Bend.  It  has  3  grain- 
elevators,  3  churches,  and  a  cigar-factory.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1434. 

KeAvaunee,  ke-waw'nee,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of 
Wisconsin,  has  an  area  of  about  336  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  Lake  Michigan,  and  is  drained  by 
Kewaunee  River  and  several  creeks.  The  surface  is  mostly 
covered  with  forests  of  pine,  sugar-maple,  Ac.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  grass,  and  lumber  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Green  Bay, 
Winona  <k  St.  Paul  Railroad.  Capital,  Kewaunee.  Pop. 
in  1870,  10,128;  in  1880,  15.807;  in  1890,  16,153. 

Kewaunee,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Kewaunee  co., 
Wis.,  is  on  Lake  Michigan,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Kewaunee 
River,  and  in  a  township  of  the  same  name.  It  is  about 
27  miles  E.  of  the  city  of  Green  Bay,  and  30  miles  by  water 
N.  by  E.  of  Manitowoc.  It  contains  2  banks,  3  churches, 
4  newspaper  offices,  a  saw-mill,  a  foundry,  a  flour-mill,  a 
pearl-button-factory,  and  other  business  concerns.  Pop.  in , 
1880,  1050;  in  1890,1216. 

Kewaunee  River,  a  small  stream  of  Wisconsin,  rises 
in  Brown  co.,  runs  southeastward  through  Kewaunee  co., 
and  enters  Lake  Michigan  at  the  village  of  Kewaunee. 

Keweenaw,  kee'wee-naw,  a  county  of  Michigan,  in 
the  most  northern  part  of  the  upper  peninsula.  Area,  about 
350  square  miles.  It  is  a  peninsula  washed  by  Lake  Supe- 
rior on  all  aides  except  the  S.W.    The  surface  is  uneven. 


The  soil,  mostly  uncultivated,  is  based  on  rocks  of  the  Silu. 
rian  formation.  This  county  has  copper-minc.>!  the  ]irudiic| 
of  which  has  been  valued  at  about  $1,000,000  annually. 
Copper  is  the  chief  article  of  export.  Capital,  Eagle  River, 
on  Lake  Superior.  It  is  a  shipping-place  for  copper.  Pop, 
in  1870,  4205;  in  1880,  4270;  in  1890.  2894. 

Keweenaw  Hay,  Michigan,  is  an  inlet  of  Lake  Su- 
perior  which  extends  into  the  central  part  of  Houghton  co, 
and  washes  the  S.E.  shore  of  a  peninsula  called  Ivewecnaw 
Point.  An  inlet  named  Portage  Lake  extends  from  thii 
bay  nearly  across  the  peninsula,  and  is  connected  with  Lake 
Superior  by  a  ship-canal,  so  that  vessels  can  pass  from  Ke- 
wcenaw  Bay  to  Duluth  by  a  direct  route  120  miles  shorter 
than  the  distance  around  the  point. 

Keweenaw  Point,  a  peninsula  of  Michigan,  is  iden* 
tical  with  Keweenaw  co. 

Kew-Kian$;,  a  city  of  China.    See  Kioo-Kiaxo. 

Kexholm,  kix'holm,  a  town  of  Finland,  hen  and  90 
miles  N.E.  of  Viborg,  on  the  W.  shore  of  Lake  Ladoga. 

Key,  Kei,  or  Kc,  ki,  incorrectly  written  Ki,  a  group 
of  islands  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  about  50  miles  W.  of 
the  Aroo  Islands,  in  lat.  6°  30'  S.,  Ion.  133°  E.,  the  prin- 
cipal being  Great  Key,  which  is  covered  with  mountains, 
and  Little  Key,  which  is  comparatively  low.  A  part  of 
the  people  are  Papuans,  but  others  are  Mohammedans  of 
mixed  descent.  The  harbor  of  Key  is  at  the  N.  end  of 
Great  Key. 

Key,  a  river,  South  Africa,  enters  the  sea  near  2S°  E.  Ion. 

Key,  kee,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ala. 

Key,  a  post-office  of  Lee  co..  Ark. 

Key,  a  post-office  of  Bremer  co.,  Iowa. 

Key,  a  post-office  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas. 

Key,  a  post-office  of  White  co.,  Tenn. 

Key,  a  post-office  of  Thurston  co.,  Washington. 

Keya  Paha,  ke'yil  pi'bi,  or  Big  Turtle  River,  a 
considerable  stream  of  Nebraska  and  South  Dakota,  risei 
in  a  small  lake  on  the  line  between  those  states,  flows  east- 
wardly,  first  in  the  latter  then  in  the  former,  and  falls  into 
the  Niobrara,  in  Nebraska. 

Key  Corner,  a  hamlet  of  Lauderdale  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
South  Fork  of  Forked  Deer  River,  about  27  miles  N.  of 
Brownsville.     Here  is  a  steamboat-landing. 

Keyeser,  ki'z^r,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co..  Wis., 
20  miles  S.E.  of  Portage,  and  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Arlington. 

Keyesport,  Clinton  co..  111.     See  Kevspout. 

Keyesville,  kiz'vil,  a  post-offi<;e  of  Richland  co..  Wis. 

Keynsham,  kin'i-ham,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Som- 
erset, on  the  Avon,  5  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Bristol. 

Keyport,  kee'port,  a  post-town  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J., 
in  Raritiin  township,  on  Raritan  Bay,  23  miles  (direct) 
S.S.W.  of  New  York  (with  which  it  is  connected  by  boat 
and  by  a  branch  of  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey), 
and  15  miles  E.S.E.  of  New  Brunswick.  It  has  7  churches, 
2  banks,  a  graded  school,  3  newspaper  offices,  3  large  hotels, 
gas-works,  a  carriage-factory,  and  a  canning-factory.  Its 
prosperity  is  mainly  derived  from  trade,  ship-building,  and 
the  oyster-business.  Two  steamboats  and  several  sailing- 
vessels  are  owned  here.    Pop.  in  1880,  2613;  in  1890,  34U. 

Keys,  West  Indies.     See  Cay. 

Keys,  kcez,  a  post-office  of  Buncombe  co.,  N.C. 

Keys,  a  post-office  of  York  co.,  Pa. 

Keysburg,  keez'burg,  a  post-office  of  Etowah  co.,  Ala. 

Keysburg,  a  village  of  Logan  co.,  Ky.,  6  miles  S.E.  of 
Allensville  Station,  and  about  40  miles  N.W.  of  Nashville, 
Tenn.     It  h.as  a  church.     Pop.  133. 

Keyser,  ki'z^r,  a  post-hamlet  of  Moore  co.,  N.C,  on  the 
Raleigh  A  Augusta  Railroad,  76  miles  S.W.  of  Raleigh.  It 
has  4  stores  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Keyser,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Mineral  co.,  W.  Va.,  is 
on  the  North  Branch  of  the  Potomac  River,  at  the  mouth 
of  New  Creek,  and  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  5 
miles  E.  of  Piedmont,  and  200  miles  W.  of  Baltimore.  It 
has  2  newspaper  offices,  6  churches,  a  large  round-bouse 
and  some  machine-shops  of  the  railroad,  and  manufactures 
of  lumber,  wagons,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  2165. 

Keyser,  ki'z^r,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario, 
6  miles  N.  of  Kerrwood.     Pop.  200. 

Keysport,  keez'port,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  HI., 
44  miles  E.N.E.  of  Belleville.     Post-office  name,  Keyesport. 

Key  Station,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Tenn. 

Keystone,  kee'ston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wells  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Fort  Wayne.  Muncie  A  Cincinnati  Railroad,  35  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  has  a  saw-mill  and  2  stores. 
Pop.  about  100. 

Keystone,  a  post-office  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas. 

Keystone,  a  post-office  of  Wright  co.,  Minn. 

Keystone,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  .Mo.,  on  the 


KEY 


1551 


KIIA 


Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of 
Cameron.     It  has  a  church. 

Keystone,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Jackson.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  furnace  for  pig-iron. 

Keystone,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  Pa.,  about  12 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Ilarrisburg. 

Keystone  Junction,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  co.. 
Pa.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Washington  &  Baltimore  Railroad, 
116  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg,  and  on  the  Keystone  Narrow- 
Gauge  Railroad.     It  has  a  manufactory  of  fire-brick. 

Keystone  Mines,  a  mining  village  of  Somerset  co.. 
Pa.,  in  Summit  township,  .3  miles  from  Meyersdale  Station. 
Here  is  a  mine  of  semi-bituminous  coal. 

JCeysville,  keez'vil,  a  post-office  of  Phillips  co..  Ark. 

Keysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hillsborough  eo.,  Fla., 
about  26  miles  S.E.  of  Tarapa.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Keysville,  a  post-office  of  Pawnee  co.,  Kansas. 

Keysville,  a  hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  2  miles  from 
Double  Pipe  Creek  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Keysville,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Salem  &  Little  Rock  Railroad,  98  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Keysville,  a  post-village  of  Charlotte  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Richmond  <fc  Danville  Railroad,  73  miles  W.S.W.  of  Rich- 
mond.    It  has  .S  churches  and  a  cigar-manufactory. 

Kcytesville,  keets'vll,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Chari- 
ton CO.,  Mo.,  in  Keytesville  township,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the 
Chariton  River  and  the  E.  bank  of  the  Muscle  River,  and 
on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern  Railroad,  11  miles 
E.  of  Brunswick,  and  100  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Kansas  City. 
It  has  2  banks,  a  graded  school,  3  churches,  a  manufactory 
of  farming-implements,  milling-  and  tobacco-works,  and  a 
newspaper  office.  Pop.  in  1880,  737;  in  1890,  819;  of  the 
township  in  1890,  3394. 

Key  West,  a  city  and  port  of  entry,  the  capital  of 
Monroe  co.,  Fla.,  on  Thompson's  Island,  or  Bone  Key  (Sp. 
Cayo  Hueso,  ki'o  wi'so,  whence  the  name),  a  small  island  of 
coral  formation  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  or  Strait  of  Florida, 
about  55  miles  S.W.  of  Cape  Sable.  Lat.  24°  32'  N. ;  Ion. 
81°  48'  W.  It  contains  9  churches,  a  marine  hospital,  a 
custom-house,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  2  daily  and 
3  weekly  newspapers.  It  has  a  safe  harbor,  the  entrance 
of  which  is  defended  by  Fort  Taylor,  a  large  and  costly 
work.  The  harbor  admits  vessels  drawing  20  feet  or  more 
of  water.  The  inhabitants  derive  a  large  portion  of  their 
income  from  the  salvage  of  the  vessels  which  are  wrecked 
on  the  adjacent  islands.  The  steamers  which  ply  between 
New  Orleans  and  Havana,  and  New  York  and  Galveston, 
touch  at  this  port.  It  has  extensive  manufactures  of  cigars, 
important  sponge-fisheries,  and  some  salt-works.  Pop.  in 
1880,9890;  in  1890,  18,080. 

Key  West,  a  post-village  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa,  4 
miles  from  Dubuque.     Here  is  a  convent. 

Key  West,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Coffey  co., 
Kansas,  about  12  miles  N.  of  Burlington.     Pop.  270. 

Key  West,  a  post-office  of  Kenton  co.,  Ky. 

Kezanlik,  Eastern  Roumelia.    See  Kasanlik. 

Ke'zar  Falls,  a  post-village  of  York  eo..  Me.,  on  the 
Ossipee  River,  about  30  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Portland.  It  has 
a  church,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  stave-mill. 

Kezdi-Vasarhely,  k6z'dee'-v3,'sha.R'h5l',  a  town  of 
Transylvania,  35  miles  N.E.  of  Kronstadt.     Pop.  4546. 

Kezd-Szaaz,  kfizd-siz,  a  town  of  Transylvania,  4 
miles  S.E.  of  Schassburg.     Pop.  4900. 

Khaboor,  Khabour,  Khabur,  or  Chabur,  Ki^- 
boor'  (anc.  Chabo'ras,  and  Abor'rhas),  a  river  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  flows  S.  through  Mesopotamia,  and  joins  the 
Euphrates  at  Kerkesiah.     Length,  about  190  miles. 

Khaboor,  Khabour,  or  Khabur,  a  river  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  flows  S.,  and  joins  the  Tigris  65  miles  N.W.  of 
Mosul.     Length,  50  miles. 

Khabs,  a  town  of  Tunis.    See  Cabes. 

Khafaloon,Khafaloun,ka-fi-loon',  orKhapalu, 
k.\-pd-loo',  a  town  of  Central  Asia,  in  Bulti,  at  the  junction 
of  the  Shayook  and  Leh  Rivers,  90  miles  N.AV.  of  Leh. 

Khagowl,  or  Khagaul,  ki^gowl',  a  town  of  Bengal, 
Patna  district,  5  miles  S.  of  Dinapoor.  Here  is  Dinapoor 
Railway  Station.     Pop.  5257. 

Khaibar,  krbau',  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  El  Hejaz,  100 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Medina,  and  capital  of  a  Jewish  territory. 

Khai-Fung,  a  city  of  China.     See  Kai-Fong. 

Khai-IIoa,  or  Cai-Hoa,  ki-ho'i,  a  city  of  China, 
province  of  Yun-Nan,  near  the  Tonquin  frontier,  in  lat. 
23°  24'  30"  N.,  Ion.  104°  21'  E. 

Khain,  Persia.    See  Ghavn. 

Khaiiabad,  krri-bad',  a  village  of  the  Punjab,  on  the 
Indus,  opposite  Attock,  35  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Peshawer. 


Khairagarh,  India.    See  Khyragurh. 
Khalana,  the  ancient  name  of  Culsa. 
Khaletse,  a  village  of  Central  Asia.    See  KuLtrTjsi. 
Khalkas  (or  Kalkas,  kirkis')  Country,  the  N. 

part  of  Mongolia,  Chinese  Empire,  extending  from  tho 
Altai,  in  Ion.  90°,  to  112°  E.,  and  between  lat.  47°  and  53° 
N.,  having  N.  Siberia  and  W.  Chinese  Toorkistan.  The 
surface  is  in  great  part  mountainous,  elsewhere  consisting 
of  vast  plains  and  steppes;  in  the  S.  it  comprises  a  part  of 
the  great  desert  of  Gobi.  The  Yenisei,  Selenga,  Orkhon, 
and  other  large  rivers  rise  in  this  region,  which  also  con- 
tains  many  large  lakes,  the  principal  being  the  Oobsa  Nor. 
It  is  divided  into  khanats,  governed  by  native  chiefs,  trib- 
utary to  the  Chinese  since  the  eighteenth  century.  Capital 
city,  Oorga.  The  inhabitants  are  Mongol  Tartars  and 
of  the  Booddhist  faith. 

Khaiki,  kirkee,  or  Cop'per  Island,  one  of  the 
Princess  Islands,  in  the  Sea  of  Marmora,  12  miles  S.E.  of 
Constantinople.     It  has  an  ancient  copper-mine. 

Khalsia,  India.     See  Khulsia. 

Khamgaon,  kim-g3,-on',  a  town  of  India,  district  and 
28  miles  W.  of  Akola,  on  a  branch  railway.  It  has  a  large 
cotton-market,  and  is  a  growing  place.     Pop.  9435. 

Khamil,  or  Chamil,  Ki'meel',  written  also  Hami, 
hi^mee',  a  city  of  Chinese  Toorkistan.  Lat.  42°  30'  N. ;  Ion . 
93°  40'  E.     It  is  the  centre  of  a  large  trade. 

Khamir,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Kameeu. 

Khana-i-Bad,kJ.'nS,-ee-bid',  atown  of  Asia,  12milea 
S.E.  of  Khnondooz.     Lat.  36°  20'  N.;  Ion.  69°  38'  E. 

Khandeish,  a  province  of  India.     See  Candeish. 

Khandiva,  k^n'd^-vd,  Khandwa,  kdnd'wS,,  or 
Cundwa,  kiind'wi,  a  town  of  India,  Central  Provinces, 
40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Boorhanpoor.     Pop.  9708. 

Khandpara,  India.    See  Khundpara. 

Khandutcha,  K&n-doo'ch4,  or  Kanduga  {!),  a  river 
of  Asiatic  Russia,  joins  the  Aldan  after  a  S.W.  course  of 
above  100  miles. 

Khangher,  a  town  of  Sinde.    See  Jacobabad. 

Khania,  Ki-nee'a,  or  Cane'a  (anc.  Cj/do'nia,  some- 
times Cydo'nia),  a  fortified  seaport  and  the  principal  com- 
mercial town  of  Crete,  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  island,  64 
miles  W.N.AV.  of  Candia.  Pop,  8000,  of  whom  about  5000 
are  Mohammedans  and  1000  foreign  Greeks.  Its  fortifica- 
tions, built  by  the  Venetians,  are  inferior  to  those  of  Candia, 
but  its  port  is  the  best  in  Crete,  capable  of  holding  many 
vessels  of  300  tons,  and  is  formed  by  a  mole  1200  feet  long, 
with  a  light-house  at  its  extremity,  opposite  a  fort  defending 
tho  harbor.  It  has  an  arsenal,  docks,  Venetian  galley- 
vaults,  a  small  lazaretto,  and  soap-factories.  It  is  the  seat 
of  a  provincial  council  and  governor,  a  Greek  bishop's  see, 
and  the  residence  of  several  European  consuls. 

Khanka,  kin'ki,  a  town  of  Asia,  in  Toorkistan,  30 
miles  E.N.E,  of  Khiva,  on  the  Amoo-Darya,  It  consists 
of  about  350  houses,  enclosed  within  a  poor  wall. 

Khanos,  k^'nos\  or  Khinis,  kin'iss\  an  ancient  town 
of  Turkey  in  Asia,  55  miles  S.S.W.  of  Erzroom. 

Khanpoor,  Kin'poor',  or  Khaun^poor',  a  town  of 
India,  dominion  and  78  miles  S.W.  of  Bhawlpoor.  Pop. 
20,000.  It  was  formerly  of  more  importance,  but  it  is  still 
a  flourishing  commercial  town,  with  a  good  bazaar  and  a 
navigable  canal  from  the  Indus. 

Khanzir,  a  village  of  Turkey.    See  Agharoox. 

Khap'pa,  or  Khapa,  Kd'pd,  a  town  of  India,  dis- 
trict and  21  miles  N.E.  of  Nagpoor.     Pop.  7877. 

Kharamoukotan,  an  island.    See  Karahakotan. 

Kharasm,  kd'rdzm',  or  Karis'sim,  also  called 
Khwaresm  and  Kharesm  (anc.  Choraamia),  a  coun- 
try of  Toorkistan.  In  the  twelfth  century  it  was  the  seat 
of  a  powerful  empire;  but  it  is  now  greatly  reduced.  Its, 
present  limits  appear  to  be  the  same  as  those  of  Khiva. 

Kharbundce  Shumsabad,  kar-bun-dee'  shoom-s^ 
b3,d',  a  town  of  India,  division  of  Agra.     Pop.  8428. 

Kharek,  an  island  of  the  Persian  Gulf.    See  Karak. 

Kharesm,  Toorkistan.    See  Khiva. 

Khargeh,  Egypt.    See  El  Khargeh. 

Kharib,  a  mountain  of  Egypt.     See  Agreeb. 

Khar^ah,  ki'ree'jA,  a  town  of  Arabia,  W.  of  Makal« 
lab,  and  reputed  to  have  3000  inhabitants. 

Kharkov,  Kharkow,  Charkov,  Charkow,  KaR- 
kov',  Ukraine,  or  Slobodisch  Ukraine,  slo'bo-dish 
oo'krin,  a  government  in  the  S.  part  of  European  Russia, 
lat.  48°  30'  to  51°  12'  N.,  Ion.  34°  20'  to  38°  20'  E.,  bounded 
E,  by  Voronezh,  S,  by  Yekaterinoslav,  W,  by  Poltava,  and  N. 
by  Koorsk.  Area,  27,475  square  miles.  It  is  watered  by 
the  Donets  and  the  Oskol.  Surface  flat  and  little  wooded. 
Soil  fertile,  entirely  agricultural,  producing  grain  of  all 
sorts,  and  wine  in  great  abundance.    It  has  numerous  dia« 


RHA 


1552 


KIIO 


tillories,  tanneries,  and  tallow-  and  saltjKjtro-fiwtoriM.  Pop. 
1,69$,01.S,  chiefly  Rusoinns  and  Cossaoks.    Soe  Ukrainb. 

Kharkov,  or  Ch«rkow,\n-itten  also  Kharkow  and 
Kharkol',  a  city  of  Eur<)i)ean  Russia,  capital  of  tlie  gov- 
ernment of  Kliarkov,  on  tljo  Kliaritoviv,  at  a  railway  junc- 
tion, 420  miles  S.W.  of  Moccow.  It  is  tho  see  of  a  bishop. 
It  has  a  university,  founded  in  1803,  a  theolojieal  semi- 
nary, a  gyiunosiuin,  and  a  female  aoaiiemy.  Its  manufao- 
tur«s  comprise  leather,  felts,  spirits,  and  tine  carpets,  and 
ita  trade  i.s  extensive.  Its  fairs  for  cattle  and  wool  are  among 
the  mo<<t  important  in  South  Russia.     Pop.  (1884)  l6tS,U21. 

Khnrput,  a  town  of  TurkisU  Armenia.    See  Kari*oot. 

Khur?*,  a  city  of  Russia.     Seo  Kaks. 

Khartoom,'Khartouin,Kartooin,orKhartam, 
Kar'toom',  a  town  of  Africa,  capital  of  tho  Egyptian  general 
governmontof  Soodan,  at  the  junction  of  tho  liluo  and  White 
Kilo,  95  miles  S.W.of  Shondy.  Pop.  20,000,  including  gar- 
rison. It  is  regularly  built,  and  very  flourishing.  It  has 
considerable  trade,  and  was  formerly  the  great  depot  of  slaves 
•cnt  from  Soodan  and  Abyssinia  into  Egypt. 

Khasab,  or  Kasaab,  kil^sJlb',  a  bay  of  Arabia,  prov- 
ince of  Oman,  at  tho  entrance  to  the  Persian  Gulf.  On  it 
is  a  largo  fort.     Lat.  26°  13'  N. ;  Ion.  56°  20'  E. 

Khasgiinge,  or  Kasgaaj?  kis-gfinj',  a  town  of  Brit- 
ish India,  Etah  district,  60  miles  N.E.of  Agra.   Pop.  15,764. 

Khash,  k&sh,  or  Khaush,  kawsh,  a  town  and  fort  of 
Afghanistan,  on  the  Khash-Rood.  Lat.  31°  36'  N. ;  Ion. 
62°  45'  E.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Khash-Rood,  Khash-Rud,  or  Kach-Roud, 
klah-rood',  a  river  of  Afghanistan,  enters  tho  Hamoon 
Lake,  after  a  S.W.  course  of  180  miles.  It  partly  separates 
the  Candahar  and  Herat  dominions. 

Khasia  Hills,  India.    See  Cossyah  Hills. 

Khaspur,  a  town  of  India.    See  Cosi'oon. 

Khatauga,  K&-t&ng'g&,  or  Kataiiska,  k&-t&n'sk&,  a 
river  of  Asiatic  Russia,  issues  from  a  lake  in  tho  govern- 
ment of  Yenisicisk,  near  lat.  68°  N.  and  Ion.  96°  E.,  flows 
N.N.E.,  and  falls  into  tho  Gulf  of  Khatangskee'  or  Ka- 
tangskii,  in  the  Arctic  Ocean,  after  a  course  of  700  miles, 
.^ts  chief  aflluents  are  the  Moniaga,  Popigai,  and  Keta. 

KItatel,  a  town  of  Palestine.     See  Hebron. 

Khatuiaudoo,  Catmaudoo,  kifminMoo',  or 
Kathinaro,  kit'h'mi'ro',  the  capital  town  of  Nepaul,  in 
a  mountainous  region,  about  145  miles  N.N.W.  of  Patna. 
Lat.  27°  42'  N.;  Ion.  85°  15'  E.  Pop.  20,000.  It  extends 
1  mile  along  a  river,  is  built  mostly  of  brick,  and  has  many 
Booddhist  temples,  with  a  palace  of  the  Nepaul  rajah. 

Khaunpoor,  India.    See  Khanpoor. 

Khansh,  a  town  of  Afghanistan.     Seo  Khash. 

Kliawak,  k&-w&k',the  most  E.  pivss  across  the  Ilindoo- 
Koosh,  in  Kaflristan,  100  miles  N.E.  of  Cabool.  Lat.  35° 
38'  N.;  Ion.  70°  E.  Elevation  of  summit,  13,200  feet.  By 
it  Timur  entered  India.  E.  by  S.  from  the  pass  is  the  fort 
Khawak.  9300  feet  above  the  sea.     Lat.  35°  37'  N. 

Khediwari,  kfid-e-wi'rec,  one  of  the  navigable  mouths 
of  the  Indus,  at  its  delta,  entering  the  sea  in  lat.  24°  9'  N., 
Ion.  67°  29'  E.,  where  it  is  650  yards  across. 

Khceva,  a  country  of  Asia.    See  Khiva. 

Khciber,  or  Khcibers.    See  Khybeu  Pass. 

Khelat,  a  town  of  Beloochistan.     Seo  Kelat. 

Khclat,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Akhlat. 

Khelidonia,  kfil-e-do-nee'a,  a  cape  and  group  of  islets 
(anc.  GhcUdo'nix)  of  Asia  Minor,  on  its  S.  coast,  60  miles 
B.  by  W.  of  Adalia. 

Khclmos,  kfil'mos,  a  mountain  of  Greece,  in  the  Morea, 
6  miles  S.E.  of  Kalavrita.     Elevation,  7654  feet. 

Khem,  a  Coptic  name  for  Egypt. 

Kheraghur,  kfir-a-gur',  a  town  of  India,  North-West 
Provinces,  division  of  Agra.     Pop.  5416. 

Kherasoon,  or  Kherasoun.    See  Kebesoo.v. 

Kherue,  or  Khcri,  k?-ree',  a  town  of  India,  capital 
of  Khcree,  25  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Seetapoor.     Pop.  7001. 

Kheree,  or  Kheri,  a  district  of  the  North-Wost  Prov- 
inces, India,  in  the  Seetapoor  division.  Area,  2963  square 
miles.     Capital,  Kheree.     Pop.  739,283. 

Kherkhah,  a  river  of  Persia.    See  Kerah. 

Kherson,  or  Cherson,  KdR-sOn',  a  government  of 
Russia,  mostly  between  lat.  46°  and  49°  N.  and  Ion,  29° 
and  34°  E.,  having  S.  the  Black  Sea.  Area,  27,475  square 
miles.  Surface  in  tho  N.  undulating,  and  covered  with 
forests;  elsewhere  a  wide  steppe.  Principal  rivers,  the 
Dnieper  on  the  N.  and  S.E.,  the  Dniester,  forming  the  W. 
frontier,  and  the  Bug,  traversing  its  centre.  Its  W.  half  is 
very  fertile;  cattle-  and  sheep-breeding  is  the  chief  branch 
ol  industry.  Products  comprise  oak  bark,  tobacco,  mustard, 
Mffron,  wine,  liquorice,  corn,  hemp,  flax,  nitre,  salt,  and 
•mdstone.    Manufactures  of  cloth,  tallow,  leather,  butter, 


ropos,  linen,  tiles,  spirits,  cheese,  and  caviare  are  carried  on, 
partly  by  Swedish,  German,  and  other  colonists,  the  popu- 
lation  consisting  of  many  races.  Principal  towns,  Kherson, 
Nikolaiov,  Yelisavctgrad,  and  Odessa.     Pop.  1,590,809. 

Kherson,  or  Cherson,  a  fortified  town  of  South  Kussl*, 
capital  of  the  governmontof  Kherson,  on  the  right  bank  of 
tho  Dnieper,  92  miles  E.N. E.  of  Odessa.  Pop.  40,320.  Itwu; 
founded  by  Potemkin  in  1778,  is  well  built,  and  is  divided 
into  four  quarters,  the  citadel,  in  which  are  the  arsenal,  bar* 
racks,  other  government  buildings,  and  tho  cathedral,  ia 
which  Potemkin,  its  founder,  is  buried  ;  the  admiralty  quar. 
ter  bos  excavated  docks  for  the  construction  of  ships  of 
war,  now  disused.  Kherson  is  an  archbishop's  see,  and  hu 
various  schools. 

Khcybcr  and  Kheybers.    See  Khyber  Pass. 

Kheyr-Abad,  a  town  of  India.    See  Khyuabad. 

Khiewa,  a  country  of  Asia.     See  Khiva. 

Khilok,  Ko-lok',  a  river  of  Asiatic  Russia,  rises  in  the 
government  of  Irkootsk,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  430 
miles,  joins  the  Selenga  about  20  miles  below  Scleughiusk. 

Khimara,  a  town  of  Albania.    See  Ciiijiara. 

Khimoli,  an  island  of  Greece.     Sue  Arrkntikra. 

Khin-Gun,  Kin^-g&n',  Khing- Gau  -  Oola,  or 
Khing-Gan>Oiila,  King^-g4n-oo'li,  are  names  »)i])Iiod 
to  extensive  mountain-chains  or  table-lands  of  East  Asia, 
which  separate  Mongolia  from  Manchooria,  extending  fioiu 
the  Wall  of  China,  in  about  41°  N.  lat.,  to  the  great  bed  of 
tho  Amoor,  in  53°  N.  lat.,  cut  by  the  meridian  of  120°  E, 

Khing-Yang,  king^-y&ng',  Khin-Yang,  or  Kin- 
Yang,  kin'-ying',  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Kan-Soo, 
near  lat.  36°  N.,  Ion.  107°  30'  E. 

Khing-Yuan,  king^-yoo'in',  Khin-Yuan,  kin*- 
yoo'in',  or  Kin- Yuen,  kin*-yoo-6n',  a  city  of  China, 
province  of  Quang-See,  320  miles  W.N.W.  of  Canton. 

Khini,  Kee'nee,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  43  miles  N.K 
of  Diarbekir,  with  about  450  families. 

Khinis,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Kuanos. 

Khio,  or  Khios,  an  island  of  Turkey.    Seo  Scio. 

Khiong-Tchou,  a  city  of  China.     See  KioN«-Cnoo. 

Khioo-Choo,  or  Khiu-Tchou,ke-oo*-choo',  a  city 
of  China,  in  Che-Kiang,  100  miles  S.W.  of  Hang-Chow-Foo. 

Khirpai,  Bengal.    See  Keerpoy. 

Khitai,  an  ancient  name  of  China. 

Khiva,  Khiewa,  Kheeva,  Kee'v&,  or  Kharesm, 
KiV-rfism'  (anc.  Choraa'mia),  a  country  of  Toorkistan,  mostly 
between  lat.  36°  and  44°  N.  and  Ion.  52°  and  64°  E.,  having 
N.  tho  Kirgheez  Steppe  and  the  Sea  of  Aral,  E.  the  Rus- 
sian province  of  Amoo-Darya  and  Bokhara,  S.  Khorassan 
(in  the  Persian  dominions),  and  W.  the  Caspian  Sea. 
Estimated  pop.  700,000.  Surface  almost  wholly  a  sandy 
desert,  with  some  scattered  hill-ranges  in  the  N.  and  W. ; 
the  Amoo-Darya  borders  it  on  tho  N.E.,  and  along  its 
banks,  and  the  canals  connected  with  it,  there  are  many 
fertile  tracts.  In  these  places  wheat,  millet,  barley,  fruits, 
cotton,.flax,  and  some  rice  are  grown,  Tho  vine  also  thrives. 
Sheep  and  goats  and  a  good  breed  of  horses  are  pretty  nu- 
merous. Camels  arc  the  ordinary  boasts  of  burden.  Soma 
cotton  and  silk  stuSs  and  shawls  are  made  and  exported ; 
agriculture  is,  however,  the  principal  occupation  of  the  set- 
tled inhabitants.  The  population  is  very  mixed,  the  domi- 
nant race  being  OozboKs.  In  1873  the  khanate  became 
virtually  subject  to  Russia,  but  it  retains  a  nominal  inde- 
pendence.  Adj.  and  inhab.  Khivan,  Kco'van. 

Khiva,  the  capital  of  the  above  country,  is  in  an  irr'' 
gated  plain  near  tho  Amoo-Darya.  Lat.  41°  40'  N. ;  Ion. 
60°  13'  E.     Pop.  6000, 

Khmielnik,  a  town  of  Poland.     See  Chmielnik. 

Kho-Dahman,  Afghanistan.     Seo  Koh-i-Damai;n. 

Khodavendighar,  Ko-dA-v5n-de-gar',  a  vilayet  of 
Turkey,  in  Asia  Minor,  bordering  on  the  Sea  of  Marmora. 
It  is  mountainous,  with  much  fertile  soil,  and  produced 
grain,  wool,  cotton,  silk,  and  fruit  in  abundance.  Capital, 
Brnsa.     Pop.  1,100,000. 

Khoi,  Koy,  a  town  of  North  Persia,  province  of  Azei- 
baijan,  20  miles  N.  of  Lake  Ooroomeeyah.     Pop.  30,000. 

Khojend,  or  Kodjcnd,  Ko'jdnd',  also  called  Chod- 
schent,  a  town  of  the  province  of  Syr-Darya,  Russian 
Toorkistan,  50  miles  W.  of  Khokan,  on  the  Jaxartcs, 
Lat.  41°  23'  N. ;  Ion.  68°  42'  E.  It  sUnds  on  rising 
ground,  enclosed  by  decayed  walls  and  wet  ditches,  and  in- 
tersected by  canals.  It  has  manufactures  of  coarse  cotton 
fabrics,  and  a  large  trade  in  Russian  goods.     Pop.  28,000. 

Khokan,  or  Khokand.    See  Ferghana. 

Khokan,  Ko'kin',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia,  capital  of- 
Ferghana,  about  280  miles  N.W.  of  Kashgar,  and  220  milet 
N.N.E.  of  Samarcand.  It  has  bazaars,  mosques,  publi* 
schools,  and  several  oararansaries.    Pop.  60,000.  ' 


KHO 


1553 


KI 


Kholns,  Kolm,  a  town  of  Eussia,  government  of  Pskov, 
on  the  Lovat,  110  miles  S.E.  of  Pskov.     Pop.  4718. 

Khoiidistan,  kon-dis-tin',  a  name  applied  vaguely  to 
that  part  of  India  where  the  Khonds  dwell.  The  term  is 
thus  a  more  comprehensive  one  than  Khond-Mals,  which  is 
the  name  of  their  principal  abode. 

Khond-Mals,  kond-m4lz',  or  Kandh-Mals,  kund- 
milz',  a  district  of  Orissa,  India,  nominally  belonging  to 
Bead,  but  really  under  British  administration.  The  Khond- 
Mals  are  the  principal  abode  of  a  very  interesting  i)eople, 
called  Khonds,  who  possess  many  admirable  qualities,  though 
they  were  once  addicted  to  human  sacrifices.  The  chief 
export  is  turmeric.     Pop.  61,810. 

Khonos,  a  village  of  Turkey,    See  Chonos. 

Khousar,  Kon^sar',  a  town  of  Persia,  in  Irak-Ajomee, 
83  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ispahan.  Pop.  12,000,  engaged  in 
raising  and  drying  fruits  and  weaving  chintz. 

Khoodaveudighiar.    See  Khodavendighah. 

Khooloom,  Khoulloum,  KooMoom',  Khulm, 
Khoulm,  Koolm,  Gholam,  go-lim',  or  Tashkurgan, 
t&sh-koor^gin',  a  town  of  Afghan  Toorkistan,  capital  of 
Khooloom  district,  on  the  river  Khooloom,  40  miles  W.  of 
Balkh.  Lat.  36°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  68°  5'  E.  It  is  surrounded 
by  a  wall,  and  by  hills  on  three  sides.  The  present  town  is 
4  miles  S.  of  the  old  site,  and  is  properly  a  group  of  vil- 
lages.    Pop.  15,000. 

Khoom,  a  city  of  Persia.    See  Koom. 

Khoon'awur'  (orKoonawar,  koo-ni-wiir')  Pass, 
one  of  the  loftiest  across  the  Himalayas.  Lat.  31°  40'  N. ; 
Ion.  18°  30'  E.     Elevation,  20,000  feet. 

Khoondooz,  Koundouz,  or  Knnduz,  koon-dooz', 
a  district  of  Afghan  Toorkistan,  lat.  35°  to  38°  N.,  Ion.  68° 
to  72°  E.,  having  S.  Afghanistan,  and  E.  Budukhshan. 
The  greater  part  of  the  surfice  is  mountainous,  but  there 
are  many  fertile  tracts,  which  yield  abundant  crops  of 
grain,  principally  wheat  and  barley;  while  the  marshy 
grounds,  which  are  very  extensive,  produce  much  rice. 

Khoondooz,  or  Koundouz,  a  town,  capital  of  the 
above  district,  near  the  Amoo-Darya.  Lat.  30°  48'  N.; 
Ion.  09°  21'  E.    Pop.  about  2500. 

Khoouds,  a  tribe  of  Indians.    See  Kiiosd-Mals. 

Khoorja,  or  Khurja,  koor'ji,  a  town  of  India,  Boo- 
lundshahur  district,  64  miles  S.  of  Meerut.     Pop.  26,858. 

Khoozistan,  Khouzistan,  or  Khuzistan,  koo- 
Eis-tdn',  originally  Khoristan,  Ko^ris-tin',  the  "country 
of  estuaries"  (or  khors),  (anc.  Susia'na),  a  province  of  Per- 
sia, mostly  between  lat.  30°  and  33°  N.  and  Ion.  46  and  51° 
E.,  having  N.  the  Bakhtiyari  Mountains,  separating  it  from 
Irak-Ajemec,  E.  Ears,  W.  the  pashalic  of  Bagdad  (in  Asia- 
tic Turkey),  and  S.  the  Persian  Gulf.  The  surface  is  mostly 
mountainous;  but  in  the  S.  are  some  plains.  The  Tigris 
and  Euphrates  (Shat-el-Arab)  form  a  part  of  its  W.  bound- 
ary. In  that  part  which  borders  on  the  Persian  Gulf 
there  are  numerous  river-mouths,  or  estuaries,  whence  the 
province  derives  its  name.  The  products  are  rice,  maize, 
barley,  cotton,  sugar-cane,  dates,  indigo,  and  silk.  The 
pasturages  are  extensive,  and  live-stock  numerous.  The 
trade  is  mostly  with  Bassoi-ah  and  Bagdad.  The  principal 
towns  are  Shooster,  Dezfool,  and  Mohammerah. 

Khoper,  Ko'per,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  govern- 
mentof  Penza,  flows  S.S.W.,  and  joins  the  Don  after  a  course 
of  250  miles,  for  the  last  100  of  which  it  is  navigable. 

Khor,  or  Khore,  Kiir  (a  "mouth"  or  "estuary"),  is 
the  prefixed  name  of  various  bays  in  the  East,  the  principal 
being  Kiiohe-Abdallah  (kor-ab-d3,ria,),  on  the  Persian 
Gulf,  AV.  of  the  mouth  of  the  Euphrates.    See  Khoozistan. 

Khorassan,  or  Khorasan,  Ko^ris-sin'  {i.e.,  "region 
of  the  sun"),  a  province  of  Persia,  between  lat.  34°  and  38° 
N.  and  Ion.  53°  and  61°  E. ;  its  limits,  however,  have  often 
varied  considerably.  It  has  N.  Khiva,  and  E.  Afghanistan. 
Its  S.  part  is  a  sandy  waste;  the  rest  of  its  surface  con- 
sists of  mountain-ranges  and  fertile  valleys.  Wheat,  rice, 
tobacco,  cotton,  hemp,  and  assafcctida  are  grown.  Principal 
towns.  Meshed  and  Nishapoor. 

Khoristan,  a  province  of  Persia.     See  Khoozistan. 

Khorol,  Ko-rol',  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  govern- 

ent  of  Kharkov,  and,  after  a  southward  course  of  about 
140  miles,  joins  the  Psiol. 

Khorramabad,Kor-ram-a,-bid',orKhorum-Abad, 
Ko-rum-S,-bid',  a  town  of  Persia,  province  of  Irak-Ajemee, 
district  of  Looristan,  on  the  Koon,  98  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Hamadan.  It  consists  of  about  1000  houses,  and  has  many 
curious  antiquities.  The  fort,  which  overlooks  the  town, 
occupies  a  steep  rock  about  1000  yards  in  circumference,  and 
is  surrounded  by  a  double  wall  at  the  base.  A  magnificent 
reservoir  has  been  formed  within  it. 

Kkorsabad,  KOB'si-bad',  Korsabad  (probably  a  cor- 


u 


ruption  of  Khosroo-Ahad,  the  "abode  of  Khosroes  or  Cho8> 
roes,"  a  famous  Persian  king),  or  Khortabad,  korHi- 
bid',  a  village  of  Turkey  in  Asia,  13  miles  in  a  direct  lino 
N.E.  of  Mosul.  Here  Botta,  in  1843,  discovered  the  ruins 
of  a  large  building  containing  Assyrian  sculptures  and  in- 
scriptions, the  first  discovery  of  the  antiquities  of  Nineveh. 

Khosroo- Shah,  KosVoo'-shi',  written  also  Khosrau- 
Shah,  a  village  and  valley  of  Persia,  province  of  Azer- 
baijan, the  former  S.W.  of  Tabreez. 

Khoten,  KoH5n',  Khotan,  KoHJn',  Eelchee,  Eel- 
chi,  or  Ilchi,  eel-chee',  written  also  Elechee  and 
Ilitsi,  a  town  of  Chinese  Toorkistan.  Lat.  37°  N.;  Ion. 
80°  30'  E.'  It  is  the  capital  of  a  large  district  called  Kho- 
ten, a  great  plain,  the  S.W.  continuation  of  the  Gobi 
Desert ;  but  in  some  parts  it  is  very  fertile.  Khoten  is  en- 
closed by  earthen  ramparts,  and  is  the  station  of  a  Chinese 
garrison,  but  is  mostly  peopled  by  Oozbeks,  who  manufacture 
leather,  silk  fabrics,  and  paper,  and  have  a  brisk  trade  in 
these  goods  and  in  jasper  and  other  produce.    Pop.  30,000. 

Khoten  Iliver,  Toorkistan.     See  Yuuung-Kash. 

Khotin,  or  Khotine,  Russia.     See  Cuotyn. 

Khoton,  China.    See  Kookoo-Kota. 

Khoulloum,  or  Khoulm,  Asia.     See  Khooloou. 

Khoum,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Koojr. 

Khouzistan,  a  province  of  Persia.    See  Khoozistax. 

Khozdar,  kozMar',  a  decayed  town  of  Beloochistan, 
capital  of  the  province  of  Jhalawan,  80  miles  S.S.AV.  of 
Kelat.     Lat.  27°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  66°  23'  E. 

Khiyooa,  koo-joo'3,,  a  town  of  India,  North- West 
Provinces,  division  of  Allahabad.     Pop.  5160. 

Khulm,  a  town  of  Central  Asia.    See  Khooi.oow. 

Khulsia,  or  Khalsia,  kill's^-i,  a  state  of  India,  on 
the  Sirhind  plain.     Area,  168  square  miles.     Pop.  62,000. 

Khundpara,  orKhandpara,  kiind-p&'ril,  a  state  of 
India,  in  Orissa.  Lat.  20°  25'-20°  11'  15"  N.;  Ion.  85°  1' 
-85°  24'  40"  E.  Area,  244  square  miles.  It  is  highly  fer- 
tile and  well  cultivated.  Chief  town,  Kantilo.  Capital, 
Khundpara.     Pop.  57,007. 

Khundpara,  a  town,  capital  of  the  above,  and  tho 
abode  of  the  native  rajah.  Lat.  20°  15'  60"  N.;  Ion.  85° 
12'  51"  E.     Pop.  about  3000. 

Khurda,  koor'dS,,  a  town  of  the  Ahmednuggur  district, 
India.     Pop.  6889. 

Khureela,  or  Khurcla,  koo-ree'li,  a  town  of  India, 
district  and  36  miles  S.W.  of  Humeorpoor.     Pop.  7879. 

Khurja,  India.    See  Khoorja. 

Khuszt,  a  village  of  Hungary.    See  Huszth. 

Khuzistan,  a  province  of  Persia.     See  Khoozistas', 

Khvalynsk,  or  Khvalinsk,  K'vi-lecnsk',  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  115  miles  N.E.  of  Saratov,  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Volga.     Pop.  15,628. 

Khwaresm,  Toorkistan.    See  Khauasm. 

Khyber  or  Kheyber  (ki'b§r)  Pass,  in  Afghanistan, 
is  the  principal  N.  pass  into  that  country  from  India,  com- 
mencing 10  miles  W.  of  Peshawer,  and  extending  for  30 
miles  N.W.  to  the  plain  of  Jelalabad.  It  lies  through  clifls 
rising  from  600  to  1000  feet.  The  Khybers  are  a  tribe  of 
robbers  occupying  the  adjacent  territory. 

Khyen  (ki-5n')  Country^,  a  region  of  Indo-China,  be- 
tween lat.  19°  and  24°  N.  and  Ion.  93°  and  95°  E.,  having 
W.  the  British  provinces  of  Aracan  and  Chittagong. 

Khyen-Dwem,  or  Kyen-Dwem,ki-5n^-dwSra',  or 
Ningthee,  ningHhee',  a  river  of  Farther  India,  rises  in  lat. 
27°  N.  and  Ion.  96°  30'  E.,  flows  mostly  S.  between  the 
Muneepoor  and  Burmese  dominions,  and  joins  tho  Irra- 
waddy  opposite  Yandabo,  in  Burmah,  after  a  course  esti- 
mated at  400  miles.  It  is  navigable  for  the  largest  boats 
to  Kingnao,  in  lat.  23°  45'  N. 

Khyerpoor,  kr^r-poor',  or  Khyrpoor,  kir^poor',  a 
town  of  Sinde,  15  miles  E.  of  the  Indus.  Lat.  27°  31'  N.; 
Ion.  68°  45'  E.  It  is  a  mere  collection  of  mud  hovels,  with 
a  fort,  a  mosque,  and  some  bazaars. 

Khyrabad,  or  Kheyr-Abad,  kir-i-bid',  several 
towns  of  India,  the  principal  being  100  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Oude.     Lat.  27°  3'  N. ;  Ion.  80°  40'  E.     Pop.  15,677. 

Khyragurh,  or  Khairagarh,  krri-giir',  a  town  of 
India,  capital  of  the  state  of  the  same  name,  125  miles  E. 
by  N.  of  Nagpoor.  Area  of  state  (now  under  British  man- 
agement), 940  square  miles.     Pop.  122,264. 

Khyrgaon,  kir-gi-On',  a  town  of  Sinde,  on  an  arm  of 
the  Indus,  in  lat.  26°  55'  N.,  Ion.  67°  60'  E.  Pop.  betweeu 
2000  and  3000. 

Khyrpoor,  a  town  of  Sinde.    See  Khyeupoor. 

Khyrpoor-Dahr,  kir^poor'-dan',  a  considerable  town 
of  Sinde,  50  miles  N.E.  of  Roroe,  in  a  tract  well  irrigated 
by  canals  from  the  Indue. 

Kiy  islands  of  the  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Key. 


KIA 


1554 


KIE 


Kiakhta,  or  Kiachta,  kc-4K'ti,  a  town  of  Siberia, 
gOTornuiont  of  Transbaiknlia,  180  miles  S.E.  of  Irliootflk, 
olose  to  tho  Chinese  frontier,  and  tije  groat  emporium  of 
the  trade  between  Russia  and  China.  Lat.  50°  20'  N. ;  Ion. 
106°  36'  K.  It  consists  of  an  ujiper  fortified  town,  with 
ft  Stone  cliurch,  tome  brick  government  offices,  Ac,  and  the 
lower  town,  inhabited  by  merchants,  situated  opposite  the 
Chinese  village  of  Maimaichin.  The  Russians  here  ex- 
chan;jo  lamb-skins,  furs,  broadcloths,  coarse  linens,  cattle, 
woollens,  cottons,  and  bullion,  for  tea,  raw  and  manufac- 
tured silks,  nankeens,  porcelain,  rhubarb,  and  other  Chinese 
produce.     Pop.  4286. 

Kiam'a,  a  town  of  Australia,  New  South  Wales,  on  the 
const,  90  miles  8.S.W.  of  Sydney,  with  an  artificial  port 
designed  as  a  harbor  of  refuge.   Near  it  good  coal  abounds. 

Kiamensi,  kr^-men's^,  a  village  in  New  Castle  oo., 
Del.,  on  the  Wilmington  &  Western  Railroad,  6  miles  W. 
of  Wilmington,  and  adjacent  to  the  village  of  Marshallton. 
It  has  woollen-mills  and  a  public  hall. 

Kian-Chang)  China.    See  Kirn-Chano-Foo. 

Kiangt  kc-iVng'  or  ke-&ng',  a  Chinese  word  signifying 
"  river,"  forming  a  part  of  numerous  names,  as  Min-Kiang, 
the  "  Min  River;"  Ta-Kiano,  the  "Great  River"  (one  of 
the  names  of  tho  Yang-tso-Kiang),  &o. 

Kiang-Chau-Fu,  a  city  of  China.    See  Kionc-Choo. 

Kiang'Hung,  ke-&ng^-hoong',  a  town  of  Laos,  on  the 
Me-Kong  River,  about  lat.  21°  68'  N.,  Ion.  100°  39'  E.  It 
is  the  capital  of  a  largo  province.     Pop.  about  3000. 

Kiang'Ku,  a  river  of  China.     See  Yang-tse-Kiano. 

Kiang-Ning,  or  Kiang-Ning-Foo.  See  Nanking. 

Kiang-See,  or  Kiang-Si,  ko-&ng^-see',  a  province 
of  China,  between  lat.  24°  and  30°  N.  and  Ion.  113°  20' 
and  118°  30'  E.,  enclosed  by  tho  provinces  of  IIoo-Nan, 
Hoo-Pe,  Ngan-Hoei,  Che-Kiang,  Fo-Kien,  and  Quang- 
Tong.  Pop.  23,046,999.  The  surface  is  mostly  moun- 
tainous, but  its  centre  is  traversed  by  tho  Kan-Kiang.  The 
products  comprise  gold,  iron,  tin,  lead,  hemp,  grass-cloths, 
and  the  finest  porcelain.     Capital,  Nan-Chang. 

Kiang-Soo,  Kiang-Sou,  or  Kiang-Su,  kc-&ng^- 
Boo',  a  province  of  China,  between  lat.  31°  and  35°  N.  and 
Ion.  116°  and  122°  E.,  having  E.  the  Yellow  Sea,  and  land- 
ward the  provinces  of  Shan-Toong,  Ho-Nan,  Ngan-Hoei, 
and  Che-Kiang.  Pop.  37,843,501.  The  surface  is  mostly 
level,  except  in  the  S.,  and  this  is  one  of  the  most  fertile 
and  valuable  provinces  of  the  empire,  exporting  more  silk 
than  any  other  part  of  China.  The  great  river  Yang-tse- 
Kiang  here  enters  the  sea.     Principal  city,  Nanking. 

Kiang-Tung,  ke-&ng^-toong'  or  ke-8,ng^-tung',  a 
walled  town  of  Laos.     Lat.  21°  47'  N.;  Ion.  99°  39'  E. 

Kiankary,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Kankakee. 

Kian-Koo-Shan,  or  Kian-Kou-Chan,  ke-in^- 
koo'-shin',  a  mountain  of  China,  in  Iloo-Pe,  in  lat.  31°  40' 
N.,  Ion.  110°  27'  E.     It  is  covered  with  perpetual  snow. 

Kian-Ning,  ke-in*-ning',  a  city  of  China,  in  Fo-Kien, 
95  miles  N.W.  of  Foo-Choo. 

Kian-Tchang,  China.    See  Kien-Chang-Foo. 

Kiantone^  ki'an-tGn,  a  post-village  of  Chautauqua 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Kiantone  township,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  James- 
town.    It  has  a  church.     Pop.  100  ;  of  township,  520. 

Kiatkhta,  a  town  of  Siberia.     See  Kiakiita. 

Kibar,  Kee^ban',  a  village  of  Bulti,  13,800  feet  above 
the  sea,  in  a  narrow  valley  surrounded  on  all  sides  by  lofty 
mountains.     Lat.  32°  25'  N. ;  Ion.  78°  E. 

Kib'beville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Miss.,  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Natchez. 

Kib'bie,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Van  Buren  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Kalamazoo  &  South  Ilavcn  Railroad,  3  miles 
E.  of  South  Haven.     It  has  a  church. 

Ki^besil'lah  (Span.  pron.  kee-bi-seel'yi),  a  post-office 
of  Mendocino  co.,  Cal. 

KibriS)  the  Turkish  name  for  Ctpbus. 

Kibt,  a  Turkish  name  of  Egypt. 

Kichenev,  or  Kichinev,  Russia.    See  Kishenet. 

Kickapoo,  kik^a-poo',  a  post-village  of  Peoria  co..  III., 
in  Kickapoo  township,  3  miles  N.  of  Edwards  Station, 
and  about  10  miles  N.W.  of  Peoria.  Pop.  about  300. 
Kickapoo  Station  on  the  Galesburg  &  Peoria  Railroad  is 
8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Peoria.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1440. 
It  has  5  churches,  also  rich  coal-mines. 

Kickapoo,  a  township  of  Leavenworth  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Missouri  River.     Pop.  1415.     It  contains  Kickapoo  City. 

Kickapoo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anderson  co.,  Tex.,  about 
20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Palestine. 

Kickapoo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vernon  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Kickapoo  River,  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  about  36 
miles  S.E.  of  La  Crosse.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1115. 

Kickapoo  City,  a  post-village  of  Leavenworth  co., 


Kansas,  in  Kickapoo  township,  on  the  Missouri  River,  atd 
on  tho  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  about  7  miles  N.W.  of 
Leavenworth.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  nnd  nmnu. 
facturcs  of  brooms,  carriages,  and  shoos.     Pop.  about  600. 

Kickapoo  Creek,  Illinois,  rises  in  McLean  co.,  rum 
southwcstward,  and  enters  Salt  Creek  in  Logan  co.,  about  6 
miles  S.W.  of  Lincoln.     It  is  nearly  70  miles  long. 

Kickapoo  Creek,  Peoria  co.,  HI.,  runs  southeastward, 
and  enters  the  Illinois  River  about  4  miles  below  Peoria. 

Kickapoo  Creek,  Texas,  rises  in  Van  Ziinilt  co.,  rumi 
S.E.,  and  enters  the  Neches  River  in  Henderson  co. 

Kickapoo  River,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Monroe  co.,  runi 
nearly  southward,  intersects  Vernon  and  Crawford  cos.,  and 
enters  the  Wisconsin  River  about  12  miles  E.  of  Prairie  da 
Chien.     It  is  about  100  miles  long. 

Kickapoo  Station,  a  post-office  of  Indian  Territory. 

Kickioncrri,  kik'ke-o-n4r'roc,  written  also  Kiki> 
AVhirri  and  Kiki\vhary,atown  of  Africa,  in  the  Asliun- 
tee  country,  in  lat.  6°  2'  N.,  Ion.  1°  29'  W.     Pop.  12,000. 

Kid'der,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  North  Dakota, 
intersected  by  the  Northern  Pacific  Railrond.  Area,  1440 
square  miles.     Capital,  Steele.     Pop.  in  1890,  121 1. 

Kidder,  a  post-villnge  of  Caldwell  co.,  Mo.,  in  Kidder 
township,  on  tho  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  Railroad,  43  niilet 
E.  of  St.  Joseph.  It  has  2  churches,  nn  academy,  a  savings- 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  flour-mill,  a  cheese- factory,  a 
foundry,  and  a  machine-shop.    Pop.  322  ;  of  township,  1288. 

Kidder,  a  township  of  Carbon  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1417. 

Kidderminster,  kid'd?r-min^st?r,  a  borough  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  Worcester,  on  both  sides  of  the  Stour,  near  ill 
confluence  with  the  Severn,  16  miles  by  mil  N.  of  Worcester. 
It  is  principally  constructed  of  small  dwellings,  is  paved, 
lighted  with  gas,  and  has  an  ample  supply  of  water.  It  baa 
a  town  hall  and  a  prison,  numerous  places  of  worship,  a 
free  grammar-  and  other  schools,  bank,  workhouse,  and, 
adjoining  the  town,  the  remains  of  an  ancient  castle.  Kid- 
derminster was  noted  for  its  woollen  manufactures  in  the 
reign  of  Henry  VIII.  The  fabrics  now  made  are  carpets 
and  rugs,  with  bombazines,  button-coverings,  and  waistcoat- 
pieces.  The  Stafford  &  Worcester  Canal  passes  the  town. 
The  borough  sends  one  member  to  Parliament.     P.  24,803. 

Kid*derpoor',  a  large  southern  suburb  of  Calcutta,  on 
the  Hoogly,  with  a  government  and  private  dock-yards. 

Kid'der's  Fer'ry,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort  of 
Seneca  CO.,  N.Y.,on  Cayuga  Lake,  3  miles  from  Farmorsville. 

Kid'dridge,  a  post-office  of  Osage  co..  Mo. 

Kidd's  Mines,  Belmont  co.,  0.     See  QuiNcr. 

Kidd'ville,  a  post-village  of  Clark  co.,  Ky.,  about  32 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Lexington.     It  has  7  stores.     Pop.  300, 

Kiddville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ionia  co.,  Mich.,  in  Otisco 
township,  on  Flat  River,  and  on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  d; 
Lake  Michigan  Railroad,  63  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Lansing. 

Kiddville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co..  Mo.,  46  miles 
N.E.  of  Chillicothe.     It  has  a  church  and  a  plough-factory. 

Kidron,  a  stream  of  Palestine.     See  Keduon. 

Kidron,  Coweta  co.,  Ga.     See  KEDnoN. 

Kidros,  kee'dros*  (anc.  Pyd'na  ?),  a  village  of  European 
Turkey,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Salonica,  near  the  Gulf  of  Salo- 
nica.     It  is  remarkably  clean  and  neat. 

Kids'grove,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Stafford,  at  a 
railway  junction,  6  miles  N.  of  Newcastle-under-Lyme. 
Pop.  4162. 

Kid'well,  a  post-office  of  Tyler  co.,  W.  Va.,  24  miles 
N.  of  Pennsborough  Station. 

KidAvel'Iy,  or  Cydweli,  kid-w5l'ee,  a  borough  and 
port  of  Wales,  co.  and  9  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Carmarthen,  on 
both  sides  of  the  Gwendraeth,  near  Carmarthen  Bay.  It 
has  iron-  and  tin-smelting-works,  the  products  of  which, 
with  coal,  form  tho  chief  exports.     Pop.  of  parish,  2072. 

Kiedrich,  kee'driK,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse- 
Nassau,  3  miles  AV.  of  Elfeld.     Pop.  1434. 

Kief,  a  government  and  city  of  Russia.    See  Kiev. 

Kieferstadtl,  kee'f^r-stStt'r,  or  Cosniczowicc, 
kos-neet'so-'fteet'si,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  36  miles 
S.E.  of  Oppeln.     Pop.  1015. 

Kieferville,  kce'f§r-vil,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co.,  0. 

Kiel,  keel,  a  seaport  town  of  Holstein,  Prussia,  on  a  fine 
bay  of  the  Baltic,  53  miles  N.N.E.  of  Hamburg,  at  the  ter- 
minus of  two  lines  of  railway.  Pop.,  including  its  suburbs, 
44,090.  It  is  well  built  and  thriving.  The  principal  edifices 
are  the  church  of  St.  Nicholas,  the  palace,  and  the  public 
baths.  It  has  a  university,  attached  to  which  is  an  obser- 
vatory ;  also  a  botanic  garden,  a  lying-in  hospital,  a  publio 
library  with  140,000  volumes,  a  seminary  for  teachers,  a 
naval  academy,  and  a  school  for  se.amcn.  Kiel  has  manu- 
factures of  iron  goods  and  machines,  tobacco,  starch,  and 
sugar,  a  good  harbor,  ship-building,  a  great  navy-yard. 


KIE 


1555 


KIL 


arsenals,  docks,  and  fortifications.   The  Holstein  Canal  joins 
the  Baltic  2  miles  N.  of  the  town. 

Kiel;  keel,  a  post-villago  of  Manitowoc  cc.  Wis.,  on  the 
Sheboygan  River,  and  on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  68 
miles  N.  of  Milwaukee.     It  has  2  churches. 

KielCC,  or  lijeletz,  kyfil'fitz,  a  government  of  Russia, 
in  Poland,  bordering  upon  Austrian  Galicia.  Area,  3623 
square  miles.  It  has  a  diversified  surface  and  fruitful  soil, 
and  is  rich  in  metals.     Capital,  Kielce.     Pop.  538,403. 

Kicice,  or  Kjelze,  ke-ilt'sd,  or  kySlt'sd,  a  city  of 
Russia,  capital  of  the  government  of  Kielce,  64  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Cracow.  Pop.  7838.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  nu- 
merous religious  edifices,  with  a  gymnasium  and  diocesan 
school.     There  are  copper-  and  lead-mines  in  its  vicinity. 

Kieldrecht,  keel'di-^Kt,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  18  miles  N.  of  Dcndermonde.    Pop.  3000. 

Kien-Chang-Foo,  Kicn-Tchang-Fou,  ke-5n'- 
ching-foo',  Kian-Chang,  or  Kian-Tchang,  ke-in^- 
ching',  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Kiang-See.     Lat.  27° 
35'  N.;  Ion.  116°  27'  E. 
Kieii-ChoAV,  a  city  of  China.    See  Kiono-Choo. 
Kiciidar,  a  river  of  Australia.    See  Gwvdir  River. 
Kien-Lung,  ke-8n^-lung',  or  Chin-Lung,  a  town 
of  Thibet,  on  the  Upper  Sutlej,  42  miles  S.  of  Garoo. 

Kienstra's  (keen'straz)  Store,  a  post-office  of  Adams 
CO.,  Miss.,  on  the  Mississippi  River. 

Kieoo-Kiang,  or  Kieou-Kiang,  kee'yoo'-ke-lng', 
a  city  of  China,  province  of  Kiang-See,  with  a  fort  on  the 
Yang-tse-Kiang,  in  lat.  29°  54'  N.,  Ion.  116°  8'  E. 
Kieoo-Ting-Shan  (or-Chan).    See  Mi.v-SnAN. 
Kicr,  kecr,  a  post-office  of  Buchanan  co.,  Iowa. 
Kicrtcinindc,  keen't^h-minM^h,  a  seaport  town  of 
Denmark,  island  of  Funen,  on  its  E.  coast.     Pop.  2148. 
Kiester,  kees't§r,  township,  Faribault  co.,  Minn.    P.  89. 
Kiev,  Kiew,  kc-4v',  or  Ikief,  ke-6f',  a  government  in 
the  S.W.  of  European  Russia,  bounded  E.  by  the  Dnieper, 
from  lat.  48°  20'  to  51°  30'  N.  and  from  Ion.  28°  25'  to  33° 
E.    Area,  19,682  square  miles.     The  surface  is  flat  and  un- 
dulating, watered  by  the  Dnieper  and  the  Teterev.     The 
Boil  is  very  fertile,  except  a  small  portion  in  the  N.,  which 
is  covered  with  excellent  timber.    The  chief  crops  are  wheat, 
rye,  oats,  maize,  lint,  hemp,  tobacco,  hops,  and  vines.   Cattle 
are  extensively  reared.     Pop.  (1882)  2,507,231. 

Kiev,  Kiew,  or  Kiel,  a  fortified  city  of  European 
Russia,  capital  of  the  government  of  Kiev,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Dnieper  (over  which  a  bridge  half  a  mile  long 
has  been  erected),  670  miles  S.  of  St.  Petersburg,  490  miles 
S.W.  of  Moscow,  and  290  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Odessa.  Lat. 
60°  26'  53"  N.;  Ion.  30°  33'  44"  E.  It  is  picturesquely 
situated,  crowning  several  heights  of  undulating  ground, 
and  consists  of  four  towns,  each  of  which  has  its  separate 
fortifications.  The  first  is  Petchersk,  called  the  New  Fort, 
crowning  a  rugged  steep  to  the  S.  Besides  the  barracks, 
magazines,  and  residences  connected  with  the  garrison,  it 
contains  the  church  of  St.  Nicholas  Thaumaturgus.  In  the 
same  neighborhood  stands  the  monastery  of  Petcherskoi, 
surrounded  by  a  wall  1100  yards  long,  where  a  cavern, 
forming  a  kind  of  labyrinth,  contains  relics  which  make  it 
a  great  resort  of  pilgrimage.  The  second  town,  Kiev  proper, 
occupies  a  height  towards  the  N.,  less  elevated  than  that  on 
which  Petchersk  stands,  and  less  regularly  fortified.  It  con- 
tains the  venerable  cathedral  of  St.  Sophia,  founded  in  1037 
by  the  Grand  Duke  Yaroslaf.  Most  of  the  houses  in  Kiev 
proper  belong  to  this  church  and  the  convent  of  St.  Michael. 
The  third  town,  called  Podol,  occupies  the  lower  ground, 
and  is  the  commercial  quarter.  The  fourth  town  is  called 
Vladimir.  Kiev  has  many  churches,  an  archbishop's  palace, 
a  prison,  and  a  town  and  military  hospital.  Its  university, 
founded  in  1834,  is  endowed;  it  has  a  library,  cabinets  of 
medals,  mineralogy,  zoology,  and  botany,  and  most  of  the 
collections  transferred  from  the  old  University  of  Vilna. 
Connected  with  it  is  a  theological  seminary,  with  a  large 
library,  gymnasia,  and  other  schools.  Kiev  is  the  residence 
of  the  governor-general  of  Little  Russia.  It  has  a  bell- 
foundry,  and  some  manufactures  of  leather,  pottery,  and 
confectionery.  Its  trade  is  extensive.  The  town  possesses 
interest  as  the  spot  on  which  Christianity  was  first  planted 
in  Russia,  and  as  having  been  long  the  capital  of  Russia. 
Poi).  127,251. 

Kifri,  keo'free,  a  town  or  village  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  108 
miles  N.E.  of  Bagdad,  on  the  Koordistan  frontier. 

Kii  (ki?)  Islands,  a  group  of  islands  situated  N.  of 
Port  Essington,  in  North  Australia. 
Kij,  or  Kidgc,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Kedje. 
Kijari,  a  village  of  British  India.    Sec  Kedgebee. 
_  Kikcu,  ke-kew',  a  town  of  Anam,  in  Tonquin,  on  a 
river,  SO  miles  E.  of  Ketcho.    It  is  fortified  in  the  Euro- 


pean style,  regularly  built,  intersected  by  canals,  and  has 
a  palace  and  large  rico-magazincs. 

Kikiay,  kc-ke-i',  a  group  of  small  islands  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  S.  of  Japan,  and  N.  of  the  Loo-Choo  Islands. 

Kikinda,  keo-keen'doh\  called  also  Gross-  (or 
Nagy)  Kikinda,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Torontal, 
35  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Temesvar.     Pop.  18,234. 

Kikineis,  ke-ke-nice',  a  large  Tartar  village  of  Russia, 
government  of  Taurida,  near  the  Black  Sea. 

Kikiwhary,  or  Kikiwhirri.    See  KicKioNERni. 

Kil  and  Kill  (Erse,  a  "church"),  prefixes  to  the  names 
of  numerous  parishes  and  towns  of  Ireland. 

Kila  and  Killa,  kil'li,  the  names  of  many  forts  and 
villages  of  Afghanistan.  The  principal  was  Killa  Mitrgiia, 
or  NowA  MuRGHA,  a  fort  100  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ghuznee,  and 
destroyed  by  the  British  in  1839. 

Kilauea,  kee-low-i'a,  an  active  volcanic  crater  on  the 
S.  slope  of  Mauna  Loa,  Ilawaii,  Sandwich  Islands,  3970 
feet  above  the  sea,  and  30  miles  S.AV.  of  Hilo.  Great  erup- 
tions occurred  in  1797,  1840,  and  1866. 

Kilbaha,  kirbd-hi',  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Clare, 
on  a  small  bay  of  the  same  name. 

Kilbarchan,  kil-bar'Kan,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Renfrew,  5i  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Paisley.     Pop.  2678. 

Kilbeg'gan,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Westmeath,  on 
the  Upper  Brosna,  6i  miles  N.  of  Tullamore.     Pop.  1145. 

Kilbir'nie,  or  Kilbur'nie,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co. 
of  Ayr,  17  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Glasgow.  It  has  coal- 
mines and  manufactures  of  cotton  and  linen.     Pop.  3313. 

Kil'bourn,  a  post-villago  of  Mason  co..  111.,  in  Kil- 
bourn  township,  on  the  Springfield  &  Northwestern  Rail- 
road, 36  miles  N.N.W.  of  Springfield.     It  has  2  churches 

Kilbourn,  a  post-village  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Des  Moines  River,  and  on  the  Keokuk  &  Dcs  Moines 
Railroad,  48  miles  N.W.  of  Keokuk.     It  has  a  tannery. 

Kilbourn,  orKilbouru  City,  a  post-village  of  Co- 
lumbia CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Wisconsin  River, 
and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  17 
miles  AV.N.W.  of  Portage  City,  and  10  miles  N.  of  Baraboo. 
It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  8  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  tannery.  Here  is  a 
fine  railway  bridge  across  the  river,  which  flows  through  a 
beautiful  gorge,  or  canon,  called  the  Dalles.    Pop.  1000. 

Kilbourue,  Delaware  co.,  0.    See  Edejj. 

Kilbran'nan  Sound,  a  strait  of  Scotland,  between 
the  N.W.  part  of  the  island  of  Arran  and  the  coast  of  Kin- 
tyre.     It  is  about  14  miles  long  by  4  miles  broad. 

KiPbride',  a  post-vill.ago  in  llalton  co.,  Ontario,  17 
miles  N.  of  Hamilton.     Pop.  250. 

Kil'buck,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa. 

Kil'burn,  a  hamlet  of  England,  in  the  metropolis,  5 
miles  N.W.  of  St.  Paul's  Cathedral.     Pop.  19,544. 

Kilburnie,  a  town  of  Scotland.    See  Kilbirnie. 

Kil'by,  a  station  in  Hanover  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Richmond 
&  Fredericksburg  Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  Richmond. 

Kilchberg,  kilK'b^RG,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  11  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bern,  on  the  Emmen.     Pop.  1279. 

Kilchberg,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  3 
miles  S.  of  Zurich.     Pop.  1293. 

Kilchis,  Tillamook  co.,  Oregon.    See  Idaville. 

Kildarc,  kil-dair',  a  county  of  Ireland,  having  E.  tha 
counties  of  Dublin  and  Wicklow.  Area,  654  square  miles. 
The  surface  is  mostly  flat.  The  chief  rivers  are  the  Boync, 
Barrow,  and  Liffey.  The  soil  is  mostly  a  deep  and  fertile 
loam;  and  the  Curragh  of  Kildare,  a  tract  in  its  centre,  is 
scarcely  to  bo  matched  for  the  excellence  of  its  turf  and 
rich  verdure.  The  chief  crops  are  wheat,  oats,  and  barley. 
The  best  English  breeds  of  cattle  have  been  introduced. 
The  principal  trade  is  in  corn  and  flour,  the  export  of  which 
is  facilitated  by  the  river  Barrow  and  the  Royal  and  Grand 
Canals  and  their  branches,  which  connect  the  county  with 
Dublin,  AVaterford,  and  the  Shannon.  The  Great  Southwest 
Railway  intersects  the  county.  Principal  towns,  Athy,  Kil- 
dare, and  Naas,  the  capital.  It  sends  two  members  to  the 
House  of  Commons.    Pop.  in  1881,  75,804  ;  in  1891,  69,S98. 

Kildare,  a  town  in  the  above  county,  on  the  Great 
Southwest  Railway,  30  miles  AV.S.AV.  of  Dublin.  Pop.  1333. 
It  stands  on  an  elevated  plain,  and  has  a  very  ancient 
cathedral,  a  part  of  a  cha])el  reputed  to  date  from  the  fifth 
century,  a  round  tower  132  feet  in  height,  remains  of  an 
abbey  and  of  a  castle,  a  county  infirmary,  nunnery,  friary, 
jockey-club,  and  numerous  inns,  frequented  during  the 
Curragh  races.     It  is  the  see  of  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop. 

Kildare,  kil-dair',  a  post-hamlet  of  Phillips  co.,  Kansas, 
in  Kirwin  township,  60  miles  N.  of  Russell. 

Kildare,  a  post-office  of  Cass  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Texas  & 
Pacific  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of  Jefi'erson. 


KIL 


1556 


KIL 


Kildare«  a  pott-village  of  Juneau  oo.,  Wis,,  in  Kildare 
township  (vrbicn  is  bounJod  on  the  E.  by  the  Wisconsin 
lUver),  and  at  Lyndun  Station  on  tho  La  Crosse  division 
of  the  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  10  miles  S.E.  of 
MnuJton.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  658. 

Kildare^  kil-dair',  a  post-village  in  Prince  co.,  Prince 
Edwnrd  Islnnd,  9  miles  fVoui  Alberton.     Pop.  150. 

KildnrOf  kil-dair',  a  post-village  in  Joliettoco.,  Quebec, 
4  miles  N.W.  of  Joliotto.  It  has  a  tannery,  a  steam  saw- 
mill, and  a  lumber-trade.     Pop.  400. 

Kildruni'ntief  a  parish  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Aberdeen,  on 
the  Don,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Uuntley.     It  contains  remaiiiH 
of  a  castle,  famous  for  its  siege  by  Edward  I.  in  1306. 
Kilcinba«  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Urua. 
KiP/iuanc'j  a  village  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Limerick,  5 
miles  S.E.  of  Kilmallock.     Pop.  1299. 

Kifgore^  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  0.,  in  Louden 
township,  about  32  miles  S.E.  of  Canton.    It  has  3  churches. 
Kilgore^  a  post-haralet  of  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  in  Irwin 
township,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Franklin.    It  has  a  church. 

Kilgore^  a  post-village  of  Gregg  co.,  Tex.,  69  miles  by 

rail  N.N.E.  of  Palestine.     It  has  2  churches,  a  Methodist 

institute,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  bricks,  &c.    P.  500. 

Kili,  kee'lee,  or  Kilia^  koo'l^-d,  a  fortress  on  the  Black 

Sea,  in  Asia  Minor,  3'!  miles  N.E.  of  Constantinople. 

Kilia^  keo'lo-H,  or  kil'o-a,  the  name  of  tho  north  arm  of 

the  Danube. Adj.  Kilian,  kiro-i}.n. 

Kilia,  kce'le-i,  or  Kilianova,  kco'lo-a-no*vil,  a  for- 
tified town  of  Russia,  in  Bessarabia,  on  the  Kilia,  or  north 
arm  of  tho  Danube,  12  miles  from  its  mouth.  Pop.  7000. 
It  is  ill  built,  but  has  some  trade,  and  several  churches. 

Kilianstedtcn,  kce'le-iln-stitH^n,  a  village  of  Prussia, 
in  Hesse-Nassau,  province  of  and  near  Ilanau.     Pop.  1000. 
Kilima-Xiiiro,  kire-mln*ji-r?    {i.e.,  "mountain  of 
greatness"),  a  snowy  mountain  of  East  Africa,  discovered  in 
1847,  in  lat.  3°  40'  S.,  Ion.  37°  E.    Elevation,  18,715  feet. 
Kiliseli-Koi,  kil'le-s^b-koy,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor, 
on  a  lake,  68  miles  S.  of  Brusa.     It  has  many  remains, 
supposed  to  bo  those  of  the  ancient  Ancyra. 
Kilis-IIissar,  a  town  of  Asia.    See  Kiz-Hissar. 
Kirkee',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Clare,  on  the  beau- 
tiful bay  of  the  samo  name,  8  mjles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Kil- 
rush.     Pop.  1605.     It  is  a  fashionable  watering-place. 

Kil^kcel',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Down,  on  the  Kil- 
kecl,  1  mile  above  its  mouth  in  the  Irish  Sea,  and  7i  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Rostrevor.     Pop.  1338. 

Kilken'ny,  a  county  of  Ireland,  having  S.  and  S.W. 
Waterford,  and  W.  Tipperary.  Area,  796  square  miles. 
The  surface  is  slightly  undulating;  several  summits,  how- 
ever, rise  to  upwards  of  1000  feet  in  elevation.  The  chief 
rivers  are  the  Nore,  Barrow,  and  Suir.  The  soils  are  for 
the  most  part  light,  fertile  loams,  resting  on  limestone, 
gravel,  &e.,  and  presenting  much  less  bog  than  most  parts 
of  Ireland.  The  usual  corn  crops  form  the  chief  object  of 
the  farmer,  but  dairy-  and  sheep-farms  are  also  numerous. 
Anthracite  coal  abounds ;  fine  black  marble  is  also  found. 
The  manufactures  of  woollens  and  linens,  which  long  flour- 
ished here,  have  now  materially  declined.  The  principal 
export  is  grain.  Two  crossing  lines  of  railway  intersect 
this  county,  and  navigable  rivers  and  the  Grand  Canal 
furnish  facilities  for  transport  to  all  parts  of  Ireland.  It 
sends  three  members  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Pop.  in 
1881,  99,531;  in  1891,  87,154. 

Kilkenny,  a  city,  capital  of  the  above  county,  and  a 
county  of  itself,  on  the  Nore,  here  crossed  by  two  hand- 
some bridges,  at  a  railway  junction,  62  miles  S.E.  of  Dublin. 
Pop.  12,710.  It  is  divided  by  tho  river  into  the  Irish  and 
English  towns,  and  is,  with  the  exception  of  the  suburbs, 
well  built  of  stone ;  the  streets  are  paved  with  black  marble 
quarried  in  the  vicinity.  The  chief  buildings  are  the  old 
cathedral  of  St.  Canice  or  Kenny,  the  former  bishop's  palace, 
chapter-house,  deanery,  a  fine  round  tower,  several  churches, 
one  of  which  is  tho  cathedral  of  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop, 
fine  ruins  of  a  friary,  court-house,  county  and  city  prisons, 
infirmary,  hospital,  workhouse,  barracks,  a  castle  built 
by  Strongbow  and  now  the  residence  of  the  Marquis  of 
Ormond,  Kilkenny  College,  a  grammar-school,  in  which 
Swift,  Congreve,  Farquhar,  Bishop  Berkeley,  and  other  dis- 
tinguished characters  received  the  early  part  of  their  educa- 
tion, the  college  of  St.  Kyran,  a  Roman  Catholic  seminary, 
and  numerous  other  public  and  private  schools.  The  liter- 
ary and  scientific  institutions  comprise  an  archaeological 
society  and  a  literary  society.  The  city  is  the  residence  of 
many  of  the  provincial  gentry.  It  has  distilleries,  tanneries, 
breweries,  and  flour-mills. 

Kiiken'ny,  a  post-hamlet  of  Le  Sueur  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Elilkenny  township,  on  the  Cannon  River,  and  on  tho  Minne- 


apolis A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  69  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Minne- 
apolis, and  about  18  miles  W.  of  Faribault.  The  town»hip 
contains  several  small  lakes.     Pop.  of  the  township,  705. 

Kilkenny,  an  uninhabited  township  of  Coos  co.,  N.ll. 
98  miles  N.  of  Concord,  traversed  by  the  Pilot  Mountains. 

Kilkcr'ran  Hay,  a  largo  inlet  of  tho  Atlantic,  on  the 
W.  coast  of  Ireland,  co,  of  Galway,  district  of  Connomara. 
Its  coast-line,  N.W.  of  Galway  Bay,  is  intricately  varied 
with  small  bays  and  headlands,  and  the  bay  is  studded  with 
islands,  mostly  inhabited  by  fishermen. 

Killa,  AfghanisUvn.    See  Kila. 

Killala,  or  Killalla,  kiriQ^li',  a  seaport  town  and 
Catholic  bishop's  see  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Mayo,  on  a  large 
inlet  of  the  Atlantic  bearing  tho  same  name,  7i  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Ballina.     Pop.  654. 

Killaloc,  kiria-Ioo',  a  town  and  episcopal  see  of  Ireland, 
CO.  of  Clare,  is  beautifully  situated  on  the  Shannon,  here 
crossed  by  a  bridge  of  19  arches,  11  miles  by  rail  N.N.E. 
of  Limerick.  Pop.  1207,  including  the  suburb  of  Ballina, 
It  has  a  plain,  massive  cathedral,  in  a  very  early  stylo  of 
architecture,  2  old  stone-roofed  churches,  a  barrack,  slate- 
and  marble-works,  salmon-fisheries,  quays,  docks,  and  ware« 
houses.  Tho  episcopal  palace  of  Killaloo  is  in  the  vicinity. 
Killaloe  is  also  a  Roman  Catholic  bishopric. 

Killauey,  kil-l&'ne,  a  small  bay  and  village  of  Ireland, 
CO.  of  Galway,  near  the  E.  end  of  Arranmore. 

Killar'ney,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kerry,  44  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Cork,  on  a  railway.  Tho  parish  includes  only 
a  part  of  the  far-famed  lake  scenery.  Killarney  has  2  or 
3  good  streets,  a  parish  church,  a  Roman  Catholic  cathedral 
for  the  diocese  of  Kerry,  a  nunnery,  a  female  school,  a  court- 
house,  an  assembly-room,  a  workhouse,  a  hospitivl,  iind  read- 
ing-rooms. There  are  several  good  hotels,  and  the  town  is 
mainly  supported  by  tourists.     Pop.  5195.    See  Lakes  of 

KlI.LARNEV. 

Killar'ney,  a  post-village  in  the  district  of  Algoma, 
Ontario,  on  Georgian  Bay,  at  the  entrance  of  the  strait  di- 
viding Manitoulin  Island  from  the  mainland.     Pop.  200. 

Kil'lasliee,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Longford,  on 
the  Royal  Canal,  4i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Tarmonbarry. 

Kill'awog,  a  post-hamlet  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Tioghnioga  River,  and  on  the  Syr.acuse,  Binghamton  & 
New  York  Railroad,  26  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Binghamton.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Kill  bourne,  Delaware  co.,  0.    See  Eden. 

Kill'buck,  a  township  of  Lake  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  120. 

Killbuck,  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.    See  Great  Vallet. 

Killbuck,  Holmes  CO.,  0.    See  Oxford. 

Killbuck,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa,   Pop.  1919, 

Killbuck  Creek,  of  Indiana,  flows  into  the  West 
Fork  of  White  River,  near  Anderson. 

Killbuck  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  near  the  S.  border  of 
Medina  co.,  runs  southward  through  Wayne  and  Holmes 
COS.,  and  enters  the  Mohican  River,  in  Coshocton  co.,  6  miles 
N.AV.  of  the  village  of  Coshocton.    It  is  80  miles  long. 

Kill  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Osborne  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  431. 

KiPlean',  a  post- village  in  Wellington  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Mill  Creek,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Gait.     Pop.  200. 

Killian's,  kil'le-anz,  a  hamlet  of  Richland  co.,  S.C, 
on  the  Charlotte,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  12  miles 
N.  of  Columbia.     It  has  2  churches. 

Killian's  Mills,  a  post-ofiice  of  Lincoln  co„  N.C. 

KiPliecran'liie,  a  famous  p.ass  though  tho  Grampian 
Mountains,  in  Scotland,  co.  of  Perth,  15  miles  N.W.  of 
Dunkeld.  The  river  Garry  here  flows  for  about  2  miles 
through  a  narrow  ravine  of  great  depth.  At  the  N.W.  ex- 
tremity of  the  pass,  the  battle  was  fought,  June,  16S9,  in 
which  Graham  of  Claverhouse,  Viscount  Dundee,  fell. 

Kil'ligrews,  a  fishing  settlement  in  the  district  of 
Harbor  Main,  Newfoundland,  on  the  S.  side  of  Conception 
Bay,  18  miles  from  St.  John's.     Pop.  200. 

Killiney,  kiUle-ni',  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Dub- 
lin, on  Killiney  Bay,  2J  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Kingston. 

Kill'inger,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dauphin  co..  Pa.,  about  24 
miles  N,  of  Harrisburg. 

Kill'ingly,  a  post- village  of  Windham  co..  Conn.,  in 
Killingly  township,  on  the  Boston,  Hartford  &  Erie  Rail- 
road, 28  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Norwich,  and  5  miles  S.  of  Put- 
nam. It  has  a  church.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the 
W.  by  the  Quinebaug  River,  and  contains  a  larger  village, 
named  Danielsonville.     Pop.  of  township  in  IbOU,  7027. 

Kill'ington  Peak,  Vermont,  is  a  peak  of  the  Green 
Mountains,  in  Rutland  co.,  about  6  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Rut- 
land.    Its  altitude  is  4221  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Kill'ingworth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Middlesex  co.,  Conn., 
in  Killingworth  township,  about  22  miles  E.  by  N.  of  New-. 


ElHi 


1557 


KIN^ 


Haven,  and  6  miles  N.  of  Clinton  Railroad  Station.  It  has 
8  churches  and  a  paper-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  856. 

Kill  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  near  tho 
Delaware  River,  about  10  miles  N.  of  Belvidere.  It  has  a 
flouring-mill  and  a  manufactory  of  school-slates. 

Killmore,  Clinton  co.,  Ind.    See  Kilmore. 

Kil'loii,  a  township  of  Jackson  co..  111.     Pop.  959. 

Kiiloiigh,  kil'Ipri,  or  St.  Ann's  Port,  a  small  sea- 
port town  of  Ireland,  co,  of  Down,  on  a  bay  of  the  same 
name,  li  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ardglass.     Pop.  718. 

Killiican,  kil-loo'kan,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  West- 
moath,  8i  miles  E.  of  MuUingar. 

KilMybegs',  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Donegal, 
on  an  excellent  harbor,  14  miles  W.  of  Donegal. 

Killylcagh,  kilMe-l4',  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Down,  on  Lough  Strangford,  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Belfast. 

Kilmalloch,  or  Killmalloch,  kil-mari(>K,  a  town 
of  Ireland,  co.  and  19  miles  S.  of  Limerick.  It  has  fine  re- 
mains of  antiquity.     Pop.  1152. 

Kilmanagh,  kil-man'a,  a  post-village  of  Huron  co., 
Mich.,  in  Fair  Haven  township,  near  Saginaw  Bay,  35 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Bay  City.  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  a  saw- 
mill, and  manufactures  of  farming-implements. 

Kilmar'nock,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.  and  12  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Ayr,  at  a  railway  junction,  on  the  Irvine,  at  the 
influx  of  the  Kilmarnock-Watcr,  both  hero  crossed  by  sev- 
eral bridges.  The  principal  edifices  are  a  collegiate  and 
other  churches,  a  town  hall,  tho  exchange,  tho  Ayrshire 
Bank,  an  academy,  a  workhouse,  numerous  schools  and 
literary  associations,  and  an  observatory.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  carpets,  shawls,  boots,  shoes,  woollen  yarn,  Scotch 
bonnets,  leather,  linen  and  cotton  goods,  silks,  hose,  ma- 
chinery, saddlery,  hats,  and  tob.acco.  Near  it  are  great 
coal-mines.  Kilmarnock,  with  other  boroughs,  sends  a 
member  to  Parliament.     Pop.  22,693. 

Kilmar'nock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Va., 
near  Chesapeake  Bay,  about  66  miles  N.  of  Norfolk.  It 
has  a  church. 

Kilmar'tin,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Argyle,  be- 
tween its  W.  coast  and  Loch  Awe.  The  village  stands  in 
one  of  the  most  picturesque  of  the  Highland  glens. 

Kilmar'tin,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario, 
4i  miles  N.W.  of  Glencoe.     Pop.  150. 

KiPmaurs',  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  2  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Kilmarnock.     Pop.  1145. 

Kilmichael,  kil-mi'k?l,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  Miss.,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Winona. 

Kilmore,  Ireland.    See  Clonpert. 

Kil'more,  or  Kill'morc,  a  po.'t-village  of  Clinton 
CO.,  Ind.,  in  Owen  township,  5  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Frank- 
fort.    It  has  a  church,  several  stores,  &c. 

Kilren'ny,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife,  on  the 
N.E.  shore  of  the  Firth  of  Forth,  8i  miles  S.S.E.  of  St. 
Andrew's.  It  unites  with  others  in  sending  one  member 
to  the  House  of  Commons.     Pop.  in  1891,  2565. 

KiPrush',  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Clare,  on 
the  estuary  of  the  Shannon,  27  miles  S.W.  of  Ennis.  A 
railway  connects  it  with  Kilkee.  It  has  a  mineral  spring, 
quarries  of  flagging,  and  manufactures  of  flannel,  frieze, 
linen,  Ac.     Pop.  4424. 

Kilsyth,  kil^slTii',  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Stirling, 
12i  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Glasgow.  It  has  cotton-weaving, 
and  coal-  and  iron-mines.  The  burgh,  in  a  valley,  on  the 
Forth  &  Clyde  Canal,  is  singularly  built,  and  has  a  gloomy 
aspect.  In  the  parish  are  several  Pictish  and  Roman  an- 
tiquities, and  the  ruins  of  Kilsyth  Castle.     Pop.  4895. 

Kilwali,  or  Keelwa,  Africa.    See  Qhiloa. 

Kilu'in'ning,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  at  a  rail- 
way junction,  3  miles  N.N.W.  of  Irvine.  It  has  remains 
of  an  abbey  founded  in  1140.     Pop.  3598. 

Kim'ball,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Nebraska. 
Area,  923  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Lodge  Pole 
Creek,  and  traversed  by  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  which 
passes  through  Kimball,  tho  capital  of  the  county.  Pop. 
in  1890,  959. 

Kimball,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Kimball  co.,  Neb., 
37  miles  by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Sidney.  It  has  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  lumber.  It  is  in  a 
great  stock-raising  centre.     Pop.  in  1890,  193. 

Kimball,  a  post-village  of  Bosque  co.,  Tex.,  near  the 
Brazos,  about  50  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Waco. 

Kim'berley,  a  diamond-mining  town  of  South  Africa, 
in  Griqualand  West,  about  100  miles  N.W.  of  Bloemfontein. 
Pop.  in  1875,  13,590;  in  1889,  28,663. 

Kim'berton,  a  post-village  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Pickering  Valley  Railroad,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Phoeni.vville.  It 
has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  a  paper-mill,  and  a  carriage-shop. 


Kimble,  kim'b?!,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of 
Texas,  has  an  areaof  about  1360  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Llano  River  and  its  North  and  South  Forks,  which 
unite  near  the  middle  of  the  county.  Capital,  Junction 
City._    Pop.  in  1870,  72;  in  1880,  13.13;  in  1890,  2243. 

Kimble,  a  post-village  of  Pike  co.,  Pa.,  in  Palmyra 
township,  on  the  Honesdale  Branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  4 
miles  E.  of  Hawley,     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Kim'bolton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  10  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Huntingdon.  Kimbolton  Castle,  the  scat  of  the 
Duke  of  Manchester,  is  here.     Pop.  of  parish,  1509. 

Kim'bolton,  a  post-office  of  Chatham  co.,  N.C. 

Kimbolton,  a  post-village  of  Guernsey  co.,  0.,  in 
Liberty  township,  on  the  Marietta,  Pittsburg  &  Cleveland 
Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Cambridge.     It  has  3  churches. 

Kimbolton,  Quebec.    See  Bolton  Centre. 

Kimbrough's  (kim'broz)  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jic- 
Minn  eo.,  Tenn.,  12  miles  from  Athens.     It  has  3  churches. 

Kim'eo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Kiraeo  township,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Waterville.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  of  township,  658. 

Kimi,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Kemijoki. 

Kimito,  ke-mee'to,  a  village  of  Finland,  laen  and  20 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Abo,  on  an  island  25  miles  long. 

Kim'mcl,  a  post-hamlet  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.,  in  Green 
township,  about  28  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Altoona. 

Kimms'wick,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Mo.,  on 
tho  Mississippi,  1  mile  below  the  mouth  of  the  Maramec, 
and  on  tho  St.  Louis  &  Iron  Mountain  Railroad,  21  miles 
S.  of  St.  Louis.  It  contains  2  churches,  an  iron-forge,  a 
flour-mill,  and  manufactures  of  cigars,  boots,  shoes,  &o. 

Kimpina,  a  town  of  Roumania.    See  Campina. 

Kimpolung,  kim'po-loong\  or  Kimpelung,  kim'- 
p?h-loong\  a  town  of  Roumania,  80  miles  H.W.  of  Bucha- 
rest. It  covers  a  large  surface,  and  has  several  churchei 
and  convents,  and  a  considerable  trade.     Pop.  9090. 

Kim'shew,  a  township  of  Butte  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  857. 

Kimulga,  or  Kymulga,  ki'mul-ga,  a  post-office  of 
Talladega  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Selma,  Rome  &  Dalton  Railroad, 
about  16  miles  S.W.  of  Talladega. 

Kin,  a  small  island  of  Russia,  in  the  Gulf  of  Livonia. 
Kin  is  also  the  name  of  several  towns  of  China. 

Ki'nard's  Turnout,  a  post-oflSce  of  Newberry  co., 
S.C.,  on  the  Laurens  Railroad. 

Kinboorn,  Kinbourn,  or  Kinburn,  kin^boom',  a 
fortress  of  Russia,  government  of  Taurida,  at  tho  mouth  of 
the  Dnieper.  It  is  surrounded  on  three  sides  by  the  waters 
of  tho  Black  Sea  and  the  estuary  of  the  Dnieper. 

Kin'burn,  apost- village  in  Carleton  co., Ontario,  7  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Pakenham.    It  contains  a  store.     Pop.  100. 

Kinburn,  Ontario.    See  Constance. 

Kinburn,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Mahone  Bay. 

Kincaid',  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  111.     Pop.  1049. 

Kincardine,  or  Kincardineshire,  king-kar'din- 
shjr,  or  The  Menrns,  mairnz,  a  county  of  Scotland, 
having  N.  the  county  of  Aberdeen,  and  E.  the  North  Sea, 
Area,  388  square  miles.  A  great  part  of  the  county  is  oc- 
cupied by  the  Grampian  Mountains,  of  which  Mount  Bat- 
tock  rises  to  nearly  3500  feet;  but  along  their  foot,  in  the 
S.  and  E.,  lies  the  rich,  low,  arable  tract  called  the  "  How 
of  the  Meiirns,"  comprising  about  50,000  acres.  Principal 
rivers,  the  Doe,  North  Esk,  and  Bervie.  Chief  towns,  Stone- 
haven (tho  capital)  and  Inverbervie.  The  county  sends  a 
member  to  Parliament.     Pop.  (1891)  35,647. 

Kincardine,  king-kar'din,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co. 
and  25  miles  S.S.W.  of  Perth,  on  the  Firth  of  Forth.  It 
has  a  good  pier,  sail-works,  yards  for  ship-building,  exports 
of  coal,  and  imports  of  Baltic  produce.     Pop.  1983. 

Kincardine,  king-kar'din,  or  Penctangore,  a  vil- 
lage in  Bruce  co.,  Ontario,  on  Lake  Huron,  on  the  Wel- 
lington, Grey  &  Bruce  Railway,  and  at  the  northern  ter- 
minus of  the  Toronto,  Grey  &  Bruce  Railway,  23  miles 
N.W.  of  Teeswater,  and  35  miles  N.of  Goderich.  It  contains 
a  branch  bank,  offices  issuing  2  weekly  newspapers,  7  hotels, 
about  30  stores,  salt-works,  iron-foundries,  <fec.     Pop.  1907. 

Kinchafoo'na  Creek,  Georgia,  rises  in  Stewart  co., 
flows  S.W.,  and  enters  the  Flint  at  Albany.  Length,  30  miles. 

Kinch'eloe,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co.,  W.  Va. 

Kinchin- Jinga,  Asia.    See  Kcnchain-Ji;n6A. 

Kin-Choo,  a  city  of  China.    See  King-Choo-Foo. 

Kin-Choo,  Kin-Tchoo,  or  Kin>Tchou,  kin- 
choo',  a  town  of  Manchooria,  8  miles  from  the  N.  shore  of 
the  Gulf  of  Leao-Tong.     Lat.  40°  10'  N.;  Ion.  121°  10'  E. 

Kindbcrg,  kint'bdRG,  or  Kimberg,  kim'bdno,  a  town 
of  Styria,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Briick,     Pop.  1216. 

Kindelbrtick,  kin'd^l-briik^  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Saxony,  20  miles  N.  of  Erfurt,  on  the  Wipper.    Pop.  1821. 


KIN 


1558 


KIN 


Kin'der,  »  itation  in  Madison  oo.,  III.,  on  the  Rockford, 
Rock  Island  A  St.  Louis  and  Cliioago  &  Alton  Kailroads, 
7  miles  N.E.  of  Eiist  St.  Louis. 

Kin^derhook',  a  post-office  of  Van  Buren  oo.,  Arlc., 
about  60  miles  \.  uf  Little  Roclc. 

Kinderhook,  a  post-village  in  Kinderhook  toirnship, 
Piko  CO.,  III.,  on  the  llannibai  &  Naples  Railroad,  12  miles 
£.  of  Hannibal,  Mo.  It  hiia  2  churches.  Pop.  of  the  tovrn- 
fhip,  1464.  There  is  a  Kinderhook  Stiition  in  this  township, 
on  the  Quincy,  Alton  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  23  miles  S.£. 
of  Quincy. 

Kinderhook,  a  po$t-ham1ot  and  township  of  Branch 
eo.,  Mich.  The  hnmlct  is  10  miles  S.  of  Coldwater.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  650, 

Kinderhook,  a  post-village  of  Columbiii  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Kinderhook  Crook,  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  4  miles 
E.  of  the  Hudson  River,  and  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Albany. 
It  has  4  churches,  2  national  banks,  an  academy,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  several  mills.  The  Boston  A  Albany 
Railroad  (Kinderhook  SUition,  or  Nivervillo)  traverses  the 
N.  part  of  the  township,  which  contains  a  villugo  named 
Valatic.     Pop.  of  the  township,  4060. 

Kinderhook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pickaway  co.,  0.,  at 
Yellow  Bird  Station  on  the  Cincinnati  &  Muskingum  Val- 
ley Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  Circleville. 

Kinderhook  Creek,  New  York,  rises  in  the  Taconic 
Mountains,  drains  the  S.E.  part  of  Rensselaer  co.,  runs 
■outhwestward  through  Columbia  co.,  and  enters  the  Uud- 
Bon  River  4  or  5  miles  above  the  city  of  Hudson. 

Kin'derknmack,  a  station  on  the  New  Jersey  &  Now 
York  Railroad,  19  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City,  N.J. 

Kinel,  ke-n4l',  a  river  of  Russia,  joins  the  Samara  after 
a  W.  course  of  nearly  170  miles. 

Kineshma*  Kinischma,  or  Kineschma,  ke- 
nish'mH,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  55  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Kostroma,  on  the  Volga.     Pop.  3957. 

Kineton,  kin'e-t<?n,  or  Kingston,  a  town  of  England, 
CO.  and  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Warwick.     Pop.  1077. 

King,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Texas.  Area,  900 
square  miles.     Capital,  Guthrie.     Pop.  in  1890,  173. 

King,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Washington, 
has  an  area  of  about  1944  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Cascade  Range  of  mountains,  and  on  the  W. 
by  Admiralty  Inlet  and  Pugct  Sound,  which  is  navigable 
for  large  ships.  It  is  drained  by  the  Snoqualmie,  Cedar, 
and  Green  Rivers.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  moun- 
tains, valleys  and  forests.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Wheat, 
oats,  hay,  and  potatoes  are  the  staples.  It  is  traversed  by 
the  Great  Northern,  Northern  Pacific,  and  Columbia  & 
Puget  Sound  Railroads.  Capital,  Seattle.  Pop.  in  1870; 
2120;  in  ISSO,  G910;  in  IS90,  63,989. 

King,  a  post-office  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa. 
King,  or  SpringMiill',  a  post- village  in  York  co., 
Ontario,  on  the  Northern  Hailway,  22  miles  N.  of  Toronto. 
King  and  Queen,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Vir- 
ginia, has  an  area  of  400  square  miles.  It  is  a  long  and 
narrow  division  of  territory,  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the 
Mattapony  and  York  Rivers.  The  surface  is  undulating. 
Indian  corn  and  wheat  are  the  staples.  This  county  has 
deposits  of  marl.  Capital,  King  and  Queen  Court-llouse. 
Pop.  in  1870,  9709;  in  1880,  10,502:  in  1890,  9609. 

King  and  Queen  Court-IIousc,  a  small  post- 
village,  capital  of  King  and  Queen  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Mat- 
tapony River,  15  miles  N.W.  of  West  Point. 

Kingan-Foo,  or  Kingan-Fou,  kingV4n^-foo',  a 
considerable  city  of  China,  province  of  Kiang-See,  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  Kan-Kiang.  Lat.  27°  7'  N. ;  Ion.  115°  E. 
King-Chan-Foo,  Manchooria.  See  Kis-Cnoo. 
King  Charles'  South  Land,  the  largest  island  of 
Terra  del  Fuego.  It  is  mostly  low  and  level,  but  is  mountain- 
ous in  the  S.,  where  Mount  Sarmiento  rises  to  6910  feet. 

King'-Choo'- Foo',  or  King^-Chow^-Foo',  writ- 
ten also  King-Tcheou-Fou  (chd-oo'-foo')  and  Kin* 
Tchou-Fou,  or  Kin«Choo,  a  city  of  China,  province 
of  Hoo-Pe,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Yang-tse-Kiang.  Lat. 
30°  28'  N. ;  Ion.  1 1 1°  37'  E.  It  is  large  and  populous,  and 
is  considered  one  of  the  keys  of  the  empire. 
King  City,  post-township,  McPherson  co.,  Kan.  P.  218. 
King  City,  a  post-village  of  Gentry  co..  Mo.,  about  35 
miles  N.E.  of  St.  Joseph.     It  has  a  church  and  3  stores. 

King  Creek,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  river  II umber,  4  miles  W.  of  King.    Pop.  100. 

King'tield,  a  post-village   of  Franklin  co.,  Me.,  in 

Kingfield  township,  about  54  miles  N.N.W.  of  Augusta. 

The  township  contains  3  churches,  and  has  manufactures 

»f  lumber  and  edge-tools.     Pop.  of  the  township,  660. 

Kins  George,  a  county  in  the  E.  of  Virginia,  bounded 


on  the  N.  and  B.  by  the  Potomac,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the 
Rappahannock,  has  an  area  of  190  square  miles.  The  sur- 
face  of  this  county  is  uneven.  Indian  corn  and  wheat  are 
the  staples.  Capital,  King  George  Court-House.  Pod.  in 
1870,  5742;  in  18S0,  6.197;  in  1890,  6641. 

King  George  Archipelago.  See  Alexander 
Islands. 

King  George  Court-Honse,  a  post-village,  capital 
of  King  George  co.,  Va.,  50  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Richmund. 
King  George  Islands,  Piusifio  Ocean,  lat.  15°  S.,  Ion. 
144°  40'  W.,  were  discovered  by  Byron  in  1765. 
King  George  Uiver,  East  Africa.    See  Manick. 
King  George  Sound,  of  West  Australia.     Lnt.  of 
iU  entrance,  35°  0'  S.,  Ion.  118°  E.     It  conUins  PrincoM 
Royal  and  Oyster  Harbors. 
King  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Holt  co..  Mo. 
King^horn',  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife,  on  the 
Firth  of  Forth,  3  miles  by  rail  S.S.AV.  of  Kirkcaldy.     It 
has  iron-ship  building  and  manufactures  of  linen  and  glue. 
King  Island,  a  lofty  and  rugged  islet  of  Alaska,  called 
also  Ukigvok.     Lat.  64°  68'  30"  N. ;   Ion.  107°  58'  W. 

King  Island,  in  the  Mergui  Archipelago,  18  miles  off 
the  Tcnasserim  coast.  Lat.  (S.  end)  12°  15'  N.;  Ion.  9S« 
26'  E.     It  is  23  miles  long  by  10  miles  broad. 

King-Ki-Tao,  king-ke-t4'o,  Ilan-Tching,  bin', 
chins',  Ilan-Yang,  hin^-ylng',  Se-UI,  or  S6-Onl, 
s4'-oor,  the  capital  city  of  Corca,  about  the  middle  of  which 
it  is  situated.     Lat.  37°  40'  N.    Pop.  250,000. 

King'man,  a  S.  county  of  Kansas.  Area,  864  square 
miles.  ItisdraincdbyChikaskia  River  and  the  South  Fork 
of  the  Ninno  Scab.  Capital,  Kingman.  Pop.  in  ISSU, 
3713;  in  1890,  11,823. 

Kingman,  a  city,  capital  of  Kingman  oo.,  Kansas,  32 
miles  S.  of  Hutchinson,  is  on  the  Wichita  &  Western,  Mis. 
souri  Pacific,  and  Hutchinson  A  Southern  Railroads.  It 
has  7  churches,  3  banks,  3  newspapers,  and  many  places 
of  business.     Pop.  in  1890,  2390. 

Kingman,  a  post-township  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  on 
the  Mattawamkeag  River,  and  on  the  Maine  Central  Kail- 
road,  66  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bangor.     Pop.  671. 

King  of  Prussia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co., 
Pa.,  3i  miles  W.  of  Norristown. 

Kings,  a  county  of  Ireland,  in  Leinster,  has  N.  the  co. 
of  Westmeath.  Area,  772  square  miles,  a  portion  of  which 
in  the  N.  forms  a  part  of  the  Bog  of  Allen.  The  principal 
rivers  are  the  Shannon,  Brosna,  Barrow,  and  Boyno;  the 
principal  towns.  Birr  and  Tullamore.  It  sends  two  member! 
to  Parliament.     Pop.  in  1881,  72,852;  in  1891,  65,408. 

Kings,  a  county  of  New  York,  is  the  W.  part  of  Long 
Island.  Area,  about  37  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.W.  by  the  East  River,  on  the  S.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean, 
and  on  the  W.  by  New  York  Bay  and  the  Narrows,  which 
separate  it  from  Staten  Island.  Here  are  extensive  market- 
gitrdens  which  supply  vegetables  to  the  markets  of  Brook- 
lyn and  New  York.  This  is  the  second  county  of  the  state 
in  population.  Capital,  Brooklyn.  Pop.  in  1870,  419,921; 
in  1880,  599,495;  in  1890,  838,547. 

King's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barbour  co.,  Ala.,  11  miles 
S.W.  of  Eufaula. 

King's,  a  post-ofTice  of  Ogle  co.,  111.,  on  a  branch  of  the 
Chicago  A  Iowa  Railroad,  13  miles  S.  of  Rockford. 
King's,  a  station  of  New  York.  SeeNonrH  Gkeen'field. 
Kings,  a  post-office  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  on  the  Marietta 
&  Cincinnati  llivilroad,  about  50  miles  W.  of  Marietta. 
Kings,  a  township  of  Williamsburg  co.,  S.C.  Pop.  1774. 
Kings,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  New  Bruns- 
wick, intersected  by  the  river  St.  John.    Area,  1565  square 
miles.     It  has  hills  of  gentle  elevation  and  level  fertile  val- 
leys.   The  Intercolonial  Railway  runs  through  the  county. 
The  railway  from  St.  John  to  Bangor  also  passes  through 
it.     Capital,  Hampton.     Pop.  24,953. 

Kings,  a  county  of  Nova  Scotia,  bordering  on  the  Bay 
of  Fundy  and  on  Minas  Basin.  Area,  812  square  miles. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  Windsor  A  Annapolis  Railway.  The 
agricultural  capabilities  of  its  soil  are  second  to  none  in 
Canada.  Some  ship-building  is  carried  on,  but  the  chief 
occupation  is  farming.  The  county  contains  rich  deposits 
of  iron  ore.     Capital,  Kentville.     Pop.  21,510. 

Kings,  the  easternmost  county  of  Prince  Edward  Island. 
Area,  644  square  miles.    Capital,  Georgetown.    Pop.  23,008, 
Kings'berg,  a  post-office  of  Stanton  co..  Neb. 
Kings'borough,  a  post-office  of  Harris  co.,  Ga. 
Kingsborough,  a  post-village  in  Johnstown  township, 
Fulton  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Fonda,  Johnstown  A  Gloversville 
Railroad,  about  45  miles  N.W.  of  Albany,  and  1  mile  N. 
from  Gloversville.   It  has  a  church  and  several  manufactorici 
of  buckskin  gloves  and  mlttciu. 


KIN 


1559 


KIN 


Kings'bridge,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Devon,  on 
an  inlet  of  the  English  Channel,  33  miles  S.S.W.  of  Exeter. 
It  has  a  grammar-school,  a  town  hall,  a  museum,  and  some 
trade. 

Kings  Bridge,  a  post-office,  a  branch  of  the  post-office 
of  Now  York  City,  on  the  Hudson  River  Railroad,  and  on 
Harlem  River,  which  separates  the  locality  from  Manhattan 
Island.     Here  is  a  bridge  across  Spuyten  Duyvil  Creek. 

King's  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Peach  Bottom  Railroad,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Lancaster. 

King's  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Manitowoc  co..  Wis. 

Kingsbridge,  a  post-village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  13 
miles  N.  of  Goderich.     Pop.  100. 

Kings'burgjor  Wheat'ville,  a  post-hamletof  Tulare 
CO.  Cal.,  on  King's  River,  and  on  the  Central  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 24  miles  N.  by  \V.  of  Tulare. 

Kings'bury,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  South  Dakota, 
has  an  area  of  870  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Dakota  River,  and  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
&  St.  Paul  and  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroads.  Capi- 
tal, De  Smet.     Pop.  in  1880,  1102;  in  1890,  8562. 

Kingsbury,  a  post-village  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.,  26 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  South  Bend. 

Kingsbury,  a  post-hamlet  of  Piscataquis  co..  Me.,  in 
Kingsbury  township,  50  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bangor.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  174. 

Kingsbury,  a  post-township  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y., 
60  miles  N.  of  Albany,  contains  the  village  of  Sandy  Hill 
and  a  hamlet  named  Kingsbury.  The  township  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Rensselaer  &  Saratoga  Railroad.     Pop.  4545. 

Kingsbury,  a  post-office  of  Meigs  co.,  0. 

Kingsbury,  a  station  on  the  Marietta,  Pittsburg  <t 
Cleveland  Railroad,  20  miles  N.  of  Marietta,  0. 

Kingsbury,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Guadalupe  co., 
Tex.,  on  the  Galveston,  Harrisburg  &  San  Antonio  Rail- 
road, 82  miles  W.  of  Columbus. 

Kingsbury,  a  post-village  in  Richmond  co.,  Quebec, 
on  Salmon  Creek,  6  miles  S.  of  Melbourne.     Pop.  100. 

Kings'clear,  or  Bris'tol,  a  post-village  in  York  co.. 
New  Brunswick,  on  the  river  St.  John,  17  miles  above 
i'redericton.     Pop.  200. 

Kings'clere,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  31  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Southampton.     Pop.  of  parish,  2781. 

King's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y., 
3  miles  from  North  Clymer  Station. 

King's  Corners,  Ohio.    See  New  London. 

King's  Corners,  a  post-village  of  Sauk  eo..  Wis.,  in 
Sumpter  township,  7  miles  S.  of  Baraboo.   It  has  2  churches. 

King's  Cove,  a  village  and  fishing-port  in  the  district 
of  Bonavista,  Newfoundland,  13  miles  N.  of  Trinity.  P.  650. 

King's  Creek,  of  Champaign  oo.,  0.,  is  an  affluent  of 
Mad  River. 

King's  Creek,  York  oo.,S.C.,  runs  S.W.  to  Broad  River. 

King's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Letcher  co.,  Ky. 

King's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Caldwell  co.,  N.C.,  in 
King's  Creek  township,  75  miles  W.N.W.  of  Salisbury. 
The  township  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  township,  625. 

King's  Creek,  Champaign  co.,  0.    See  Kingston. 

King's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Roane  co.,  Tenn. 

Kings'dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co..  Pa.,  in  Ger- 
many township,  about  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Harrisburg. 

King^ses'sing,  formerly  a  post-township  of  Philadel- 
phia CO.,  Pa.,  now  included  within  the  city  limits  of  Phila- 
delphia, 5  miles  S.W.  of  Independence  Hall. 

King'scy  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Richmond  co.,  Que- 
bec, on  the  Nicolet,  7  miles  N.  of  Danville.     Pop.  100. 

King's  Ferry,  a  post-village  of  Nassau  co.,  Fla.,  on 
St.  Mary's  River,  37  miles  N.W.  of  Jacksonville. 

King's  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  is  at 
NouTHViLLE  (which  see).  King's  Ferry  Station  is  on  the 
Cayuga  Railroad  and  Lake,  7  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Aurora, 
and  2  miles  AV.  of  Northville. 

King's  Island,  an  island  of  Bass's  Strait,  between 
Australia  and  Tasmania,  in  lat.  35°  50'  S.,  Ion.  144°  E., 
60  miles  S.  of  Cape  Otway.     Length,  35  miles. 

King's  Island,  one  of  the  Maldive  Islands,  in  lat.  4° 
16'  N.,  Ion.  73°  40'  E. 

King's  Island,  a  large  island  of  British  Columbia, 
near  lat.  52°  10'  N.,  Ion.  128°  W. 

King's  Island,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  20  miles  N.E.  of 
Raraka,  in  lat.  15°  4'  25"  S.,  Ion.  144°  36'  45"  W. 

Kings'land,  a  post- village  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  near  the 
Erie  Railroad,  and  on  the  Boonton  Branch  of  the  Morris  & 
Essex  Railroad,  8  miles  N.W.  of  New  York,  and  5  miles  N. 
of  Newark. 

King's  Land'ing,  a  post-office  of  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Alabama  River,  6  miles  W.  of  King's  Landing  Station. 


King's  Landing,  n  station  in  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Selma  <fc  Gulf  Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of  Selma. 

Kings'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  Fla.,  6  milea 
from  Starke  Station.     Here  is  a  fine  lake. 

Kingsley,  a  village  in  Grand  Traverse  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Traverse  City  Railroad,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Traverse  City. 
Here  is  Paradise  Post-Office. 

Kingsley,  a  post-office  of  Wasco  co.,  Oregon. 

Kingsley,  a  township  of  Forest  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  675, 

King's  Lynn,  England.    See  Lynn  Regis. 

King's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Henderson  co.,  Ky. 

Kingsmill  Group.     See  Gilbert  Islands. 

King's  3Iills,  a  post-office  of  Sharp  co..  Ark. 

King's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  oo.,  Va.,  9 
miles  S.  of  Abingdon.     It  has  2  grist-mills  and  2  saw-mills. 

King's  Mountain,  a  mass  of  elevated  land  in  Gaston 
and  Cleveland  cos.,  N.C.,  and  partly  in  York  co.,  S.C.  It 
is  16  miles  long  from  N.  to  S.,  and  is  1650  feet  high.  On 
this  mountain,  in  South  Carolina,  an  important  victory  was 
gained  over  the  British  and  tories,  October  7,  1780. 

King's  Mountain,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  Ky., 
11  miles  S.  of  Stanford.     It  has  a  church. 

King's  Mountain,  a  post-village  of  Cleveland  co., 
N.C.,  on  the  Charlotte  &  Atlanta  Air-Line  Railroad,  3.3 
miles  W.  of  Charlotte.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and 
2  carriage-factories.  Gold  is  mined  near  it.  Pop.  in  1880, 
337;  in  1890.  429;  of  King's  Mountain  township,  2327. 

King's  Mountain,  township,  York  co.,  S.C.     P.  1818. 

King's  Mountain  Station,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln 
CO.,  K3'.,  on  the  Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad,  23  miles  S. 
of  Danville.     Here  is  a  tunnel  i  of  a  mile  long. 

King's  Norton,  or  Norton  King's,  a  village  of 
England,  co.  of  Worcester,  on  the  Birmingham  <fc  Gloucester 
Railway,  ih  miles  S.S.W.  of  Birmingham. 

King's  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dade  co.,  Mo.,  40 
miles  W.  of  Springfield.     It  has  3  stores.     Pop.  about  60. 

Kings'port,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  eo..  Tenn.,  at 
the  junction  of  the  North  and  South  Forks  of  the  Holston 
River,  24  miles  W.  of  Bristol.  It  has  3  churches,  a  woollen- 
mill,  3  flour-mills,  and  an  academy.     Pop.  about  600. 

Kings  Prairie,  a  township  of  Barry  co..  Mo.   P.  857. 

King  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Burnet  co.,  Te.x. 

King's  River,  Arkansas,  rises  in  Madison  co.,  and 
runs  northward  through  Carroll  co.  into  the  state  of  Mis- 
souri. It  enters  the  White  River  in  Barry  co.,  about  2 
miles  N.  of  the  S.  boundary  of  Missouri.     Length,  100  miles. 

King's  River,  California,  is  formed  by  two  branches 
which  rise  in  the  Sierra  Nevada,  in  the  E.  part  of  Fresno 
CO.  One  of  them  rises  at  the  base  of  Mount  Goddard.  'The 
river  runs  southwestward,  and  enters  Tulare  Lake  at  its 
N.AV.  side,  in  Tulare  co.     It  is  nearly  200  miles  long. 

King's  River,  a  stream  in  the  N.W.  of  Nevada,  or- 
dinarily disappears  about  60  miles  N.W.  of  Winnemucca. 

King's  River,  a  post-office  of  Fresno  co.,  Cal.,  on 
King's  River. 

King's  River,  a  township  of  Tulare  co.,  Cal.    Pop.  166. 

Kings  Settlement,  a  hamlet  of  Chenango  co.,  N.Y., 
6  miles  N.E.  of  Norwich.     It  has  a  church. 

King's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gibson  co.,  Ind.,  24 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Evansville. 

King's  Swinford,  England.    See  Swinford-Regis. 

Kings'ton,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Autauga  co.,  Ala., 
on  Autauga  Creek,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Montgomery. 

Kingston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co..  Ark.   Pop.  65. 

Kingston,  a  post-village  of  Fresno  co.,  Cal.,  on  King's 
River,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Fresno  City. 

Kingston,  a  post-village  of  Bartow  co.,  Ga.,  on  tho 
Western  &  Atlantic  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Rom« 
Railroad,  68  miles  N.W.  of  Atlanta,  and  20  miles  E.  of 
Rome.     It  has  5  churches.     Pop.  402. 

Kingston,  a  station  within  the  limits  of  Chicago,  111., 
on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  11  miles  from  the  ter- 
minal station  in  Chicago,  and  1  mile  N.  of  South  Chicago. 

Kingston,  a  post-village  of  Dc  Kalb  co..  111.,  in  Kings- 
ton township,  on  Kishwaukee  River,  and  on  the  Chicago 
&  Pacific  Railroad,  about  22  miles  S.E.  of  Rockford,  and 
62  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  a  church,  a  hotel,  3 
stores,  a  printing-office,  <fec.     Pop.  of  the  township,  975. 

Kingston,  Peoria  co..  111.    See  Kingston  Mines. 

Kingston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind.,  in  Fugit 
township,  about  62  miles  S.E.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  graded  school. 

Kingston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Des  Moines  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Benton  township,  about  14  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Burlington. 

Kingston,  a  post-village  of  Labette  co.,  Kansas,  in  Elm 
Grove  township,  15  miles  W.  of  Chetopa.  It  has  a  church, 
a  steam  flour-mill,  and  a  drug-store. 


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Kingtton,  a  post-village  of  Madiaon  oo.,  Kj.,  about 
10  luilos  S.  of  Hiohmond,  and  33  milos  S.S.E.  of  Lexington. 
li  hno  a  ohuruh  and  Beveral  stores.     Pop.  nbout  300. 

Kingston^  a  hamlet  of  Trimble  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ohio 
iRirer,  is  a  part  of  Milton.     Pop.  60. 

Kingston,  a  rillage  of  De  ooto  parish,  La.,  27  milos  S. 
of  Slirovcport.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Kiii;f!«ton,  a  post-villago  of  Somerset  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Eastern  Shore  Railroad,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Cristiold.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  carriage-ftwstory,  a  saw-mill,  Ac. 

Kingston,  a  post-village  of  Plymouth  oo.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Plyujouth  Branch  of  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Duxbury  A  Cohassett  Railroad,  and  on  Jones' 
Hirer,  33  milos  S.S.E.  of  Boston.  It  hiis  a  high  school  and 
a  town  hall.  Kingston  township  borders  on  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  and  has  3  churches,  manutoctnres  of  anchors,  augers, 
rivets',  locks,  tacks,  &c„  und  a  pop.  in  1S90  of  1659. 

Kingston,  a  post-township  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich.,  about 
40  mills  N.E.  of  Flint.  Pop.  383.  Kingston  Post-Office 
is  nf.  Nkwbuiiy  (which  see). 

Kin};i>ton,  a  post-village  of  Meeker  oo.,  Minn.,  in 
Kingston  township,  on  the  North  Branch  of  Crow  River, 
about  11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Litchfield,  and  60  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Minneapolis.  It  has  2  churches,  2  flour-mills,  and  2 
saw-mills.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1165.  The  township  has 
Beveral  hikes  and  plenty  of  timber. 

KingHton,  a  post-lmmlct  of  Adams  co.,  Miss.,  12  miles 
(direct)  S.  by  E.  of  Natchez. 

Kingston,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Caldwell  oo.,  Mo., 
in  Kingston  township,  on  Shoal  Creek,  8  miles  S.  of  Ilamil- 
ton.  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  news- 
paper oflice.     Pop.  in  1890,  465. 

Kingston,  a  towni^hip  of  Washington  co.,  Mo.   P.  1085. 

Kingston,  a  post- village  of  Rockingham  co..  N.H.,  in 
Kingston  township,  about  30  miles  S.E.  of  Concord,  and  6 
miles  S.W.  of  Exeter.  It  has  3  churches,  a  carriage-fac- 
tory, and  an  academy.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1054. 

Kingston,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Millstone  River,  and  on  the  Rocky  Hill  Railroad,  14  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Trenton.  It  has  a  church,  3  hotels,  a  flour-mill, 
bottling-works,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  lumber, 
sash,  and  blinds.     Pop.  about  300. 

Kingston,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Ulster  oo.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Hudson  River,  and  on  the  West  Shore  Railroad,  88 
miles  above  New  York  City,  and  53  miles  S.  of  Albany.  It 
is  also  on  the  Ulster  A  Delaware  Railroad,  and  is  a  termi- 
nus of  the  Wallkill  Valley  Railroad.  Kingston  contains  a 
oify  hall,  a  free  hospital,  a  court-house,  15  churches',  a  con- 
Tent,  an  orphanage,  a  Catholic  academy,  3  national  banks, 
3  savings-banks,  2  academies,  a  high  school,  5  flrst-olass 
hotels,  and  printing-oflSces  which  issue  3  daily  and  4  weekly 
newspapers.  It  has  6  breweries,  2  tanneries,  3  iron-foun- 
dries, 5  brick-yards,  3  steam  flour-mills,  and  manufactures 
of  cement,  lime,  cigars,  brushes,  shirts,  steam-boilers,  sash, 
blinds,  soap,  candles,  Ac.  It  was  made  a  city  in  1872,  the 
village  of  Rondout  being  a  part  of  the  new  corporation. 
Pop.  in  1890,  21,985.  Kingston  township  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Hudson  River.  Large  quantities  of  building- 
and  flagstones  are  exported  from  it. 

Kingston,  North  Carolina.    See  KiNSTOJf. 

Kingston,  a  village  of  Champaign  co.,  0.,  on  the  At- 
lantic &  Great  Western  Railroad,  19  miles  N.  of  Springfield. 
It  has  2  churches.     Here  is  King's  Creek  Post-Offico. 

Kingston,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  0.     Pop.  587. 

Kingston,  a  post-village  of  Ross  co.,  0.,  on  the  Scioto 
Valley  Railroad,  in  Green  township,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Chillicothe.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy  or  graded 
school,  and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  345. 

Kingston,  or  New  Kingston,  a  village  of  Cumber- 
land CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad,  12  miles 
W.  of  llarrisburg.     Here  is  New  Kingston  Post-Office. 

Kingston,  a -post-borough  in  Kingston  township,  Lu- 
cerne CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  North  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River, 
and  on  the  Lackawanna  A  Bloomsburg  Railroad,  1  mile 
froni  Wilkesbarre,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  bridge, 
and  17  miles  S.W.  of  Soranton.  It  contains  3  churches,  the 
AVyoining  Seminary  and  Commercial  College,  and  car-  and 
machine-shops  of  the  railroad  company.  Large  collieries 
of  anthracite  have  been  opened  here.  Pop.  in  1890,  2381. 
Kingston  has  a  monument  in  commemoration  of  the  mas- 
sacre of  W^  oming,  which  occurred  here. 

Kingston,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Washington  co., 
R.I.,  in  South  Kingston  township,  1  or  2  miles  B.  of  the 
Stonington  A  Providence  Railroad  (Kingston  Station),  and 
27  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Providence.  It  has  a  national  bank, 
a  church,  a  seminary,  and  an  academy. 

Kingston,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Roane  oo.,  Tonn., 


is  mlvantageously  situated  at  the  point  whore  the  Clinch  and 
Holston  Rivers  unite  to  form  the  Tennessee  River,  about  33 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Knoxville,  and  120  miles  by  water  nbovg 
Chattanooga.  Steamboats  can  a8ccn<i  the  Tennessee  to  this 
place.  The  Clinch  and  Holston  are  also  navigable.  It 
nos  a  oourt-house,  1  or  2  newspaper  offices,  an  academy,  3 
churches,  an  iron-foundry,  the  Kingston  Steel-Works,  and 
1  or  2  machine-shops.     Iron  ore  abounds  here.     Pop.  858. 

Kingston,  a  post-village  of  Pi  Ute  co.,  Utih,  110  milei 
S.  of  York.     It  has  a  church. 

Kingston,  a  post-village  of  Green  Lake  oo.,  Wis.,  in 
Kingston  township,  on  Grand  River,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Port- 
age City.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop,  of 
township,  895. 

Kingston,  a  city  of  Ontario,  situated  at  the  outlet  of 
Lake  Ontario,  172  miles  W.  of  .Montreal.  Lat.  44°  12'  N.; 
Ion.  70°  41'  W.  The  city  occupies  the  site  of  old  Fort  Fron- 
tenac,  on  the  N.E.  shore  of  the  river,  opposite  Wolfe  Island, 
having  the  harbor  and  shipping  in  front.  The  harbor  it 
formed  at  the  mouth  of  Cataraqui  River,  which  here  cntcra 
the  lake.  The  W.  shore  is  bold,  and  shipping  of  any  size 
may  lie  hero  in  safety.  Kingston  has,  after  Quebec  and 
Halifax,  the  strongest  fortifications  in  Canada.  A  long 
bridge  across  Cataraqui  Bay  connects  Kingston  with  Pitts- 
burg, besides  which  there  are  the  suburbs  of  Barriofield, 
French  Village,  and  Williamsville.  The  city  is  regularly 
laid  out,  with  streets  crossing  one  another  at  right  angles.  It 
is  chiefly  built  of  blue  limestone.  The  streets  are  lighted 
with  gas,  and  the  houses  are  partly  supplied  with  water 
from  the  bay.  Several  wells  of  mineral  water  have  been 
found  here.  Among  the  public  buildings  are  the  city  hall 
and  market,  court-house  and  jail,  post-office,  17  churches, 
including  a  Roman  Catholic  cathedral,  2  colleges,  mechanics* 
institute,  H8tel-Dieu,  general  hos])ital,  and  house  of  in- 
dustry. Abt)ut  a  mile  to  the  W.  of  the  city  lies  the  Pro- 
vincial Penitentiary,  a  massive  stone  building.  Beyond  the 
penitentiary  is  the  Rockwood  Lunatic  Asylum.  Kingston 
has  3  branch  banks,  2  breweries,  and  manufactories  ofiron 
castings,  machinery,  steam-engines,  locomotives,  leather, 
soap,  candles,  boots,  shoes,  wooden-ware,  brooms,  pianos, 
Ac.  Ship-  and  boat-building  is  carried  on  to  a  great  ex- 
tent, and  vessels  for  both  lake  and  ocean  navigation  are 
built  and  fitted  out.  The  commercial  affairs  of  Kingston 
are  regulated  by  a  board  of  trade.  The  Grand  Trunk  Rail- 
way has  an  important  station  in  rear  of  the  town  ;  freis^ht 
trains  run  to  the  harbor.  The  city  is  the  S.  terminus  of  the 
Kingston  A  Pembroke  Railroad,  and  the  Rideau  Canal  con- 
nects it  with  Ottawa.  It  is  the  see  of  a  Catholic  bishop,  and 
is  a  port  of  entry.     Pop.  (1891)  19,264. 

Kingston,  a  post-village  in  Kent  co..  New  Brunswick, 
on  the  Richibucto  River,  3  miles  from  its  estuary,  and  36 
miles  N.W.  of  Shediac.  It  contains  2  churches,  2  hotels,  a 
saw-mill,  and  a  number  of  stores.     Pop.  600. 

Kingston,  a  post- village  in  Kings  co..  New  Brunswick, 
on  a  navigable  affluent  of  the  river  St.  John,  19  miles  W. 
of  St.  John.  It  has  a  church,  3  hotels,  a  steam  saw-mill, 
and  2  flouring-mills.     Pop.  500. 

King'ston,  the  capital  and  principal  commercial  city 
and  seaport  of  Jamaica,  co.  of  Surrey,  on  its  S.  coast,  on 
the  N.  side  of  a  fine  harbor,  10  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Spanish 
Town.  Lat.  17°  58'  N. ;  Ion.  79°  47'  30"  W.  It  stands  on 
a  gentle  slope,  and  is  regularly  laid  out,  its  houses  being 
mostly  of  two  stories  and  furnished  with  verandas.  The 
principal  buildings  are  the  churches,  chapels,  synagogues, 
a  hospital  and  other  charitable  institutions,  a  free  school, 
the  workhouse,  penitentiary,  a  collegiate  and  a  university 
school,  a  Baptist  college,  and  a  theatre;  here  arc  also  an  athe- 
naeum, a  society  of  arts,  and  banks.  Kingston  has  5  daily 
and  several  other  newspapers.  It  is  an  Anglican  bishop's 
see.  Kingston  harbor,  a  landlocked  basin,  available  for 
the  largest  ships,  is  enclose<i  on  the  S.  by  a  long  tongue  of 
land,  at  the  extremity  of  which  is  Port  Royal.  The  en- 
trance to  the  harbor,  and  the  harbor  itself,  are  defended  by 
forts.  The  inclined  plain  on  which  Kingston  stands  is  en- 
closed on  the  N.  by  the  loftiest  ridge  of  the  Blue  Mountain 
chain.     Pop.  34,314. 

Kingston,  or  Kingstown,  a  town  of  the  British 
West  Indies,  capital  of  the  island  of  St.  Vincent,  on  its 
S.W.  coast.  It  is  regularly  built,  and  has  substantial  public 
edifices,  an  old  government  house,  a  new  government  house, 
a  botanic  garden,  and  a  court-house.     Pop.  6400. 

Kings'ton  Centre,  or  Olive  Green,  a  post-hnmlct 
of  Delaware  co.,  0.,  about  30  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Columbus. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Kingston  Fur'nace,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington 
CO.,  Mo.,  about  54  miles  S.S.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  furnace  for  i^elting  lead,  mined  near  her«. 


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Kings'ton  Mills^  a  post-village  in  Frontenao  co.,  On- 
tario, on  RiJeau  Canal,  5  miles  N.  of  Kingston.     Pop.  150. 

Kingston  Mines,  minz,  a  post-village  of  Peoria  co., 
111.,  in  Timber  township,  on  the  N.W.  banlt  of  the  Illinois 
River,  16  miles  below  Peoria.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded 
Bchool,  coal-mines,  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Kingston -on -Railway,  New  Kingston,  or 
Sur'biton,  a  town  of  England,  in  Surrey,  forming  a 
southern  suburb  of  Kingston-upon-Thames.     Pop.  7642. 

Kingston  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cheatham  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis  Railroad, 
25  miles  W.  of  Nashville.     It  has  a  church. 

Kingston-npon-IIuli,  England.    See  IIull. 

Kingston-upon-Tliames,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
of  Surrey,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Thames,  at  the  influx  of 
the  Ewell,  and  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  London.  The  town  ex- 
tends about  a  mile  along  the  river.  It  is  irregularly  built, 
and  has  a  church,  a  handsome  town  hall,  a  market-house, 
a  house  of  correction,  a  jail  and  workhouse,  a  grammar- 
ichool,  several  other  endowed  schools,  and  almshouses.  It 
has  some  flax-  and  oil-mills,  and  a  large  oorn-market.  Most 
of  the  Saxon  monarchs,  from  Edward  the  Elder  to  Ethelred 
the  Unready,  were  crowned  here.     Pop.  (1801)  27,059. 

Kings'ton  Village,  or  Bloom'lield,  a  post- village 
in  Kings  co..  Nova  Sootia,  on  the  Windsor  &  Annapolis 
Railway,  44  miles  N.W.  of  Halifax.     Pop.  120. 

Kings'town  (formerly  Dunleary),  a  town  and  water- 
ing-place of  Ireland,  co.  and  on  the  Bay  of  Dublin,  7  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Dublin.  Pop.  16,378.  It  has  an  excellent 
artificial  harbor,  at  the  head  of  which  is  a  revolving  light, 
in  lat.  53°  18'  N.,  Ion.  6°  8'  W.  It  is  the  mail-packet  sta- 
tion for  communication  with  Liverpool  and  Holyhead, 

Kingstown,  a  town  of  the  West  Indies.   See  Kingston. 

Kings'tree,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Williamsburg  co., 
S.C.,  on  the  Northeastern  Railroad,  64  miles  N.  of  Charleston. 
It  has  2  weekly  newspapers  and  3  or  4  churches. 

King's  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Benton  co.,  Oregon. 

Kings'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shawnee  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  13  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Topeka. 

Kingsville,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co..  Mo.,  in 
Kingsville  township,  on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  48 
miles  W.  of  Sedalia,  and  5  miles  N.W.  of  Holden.  It  has 
a  church,  a  graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  and  several  stores. 
Pop.  298;  of  the  township,  1360. 

Kingsville,  a  post-village  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0.,  in 
Kingsville  township,  on  Conneaut  Creek,  1  mile  from  the 
Lake  Shore  Railroad,  and  60  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cleveland. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  3  flouring-mills,  a  woollen- 
mill,  2  saw-mills,  <fec.  The  township  is  bounded  N.  by  Lake 
Erie,  and  has  a  pop.  (1890)  of  1712. 

Kingsville,  a  post-oflSeeof  Clarion  co..  Pa. 

Kingsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richland  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
South  Carolina  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  its  Camden 
Branch  and  of  the  Wilmington,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Rail- 
road, 25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Columbia.     It  has  a  church. 

Kingsville,  a  post-village  of  Bowie  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad,  near  Kings  Station,  and  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Texarkana.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  bank. 

Kingsville,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  W.  Va. 

Kingsville,  a  port  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Essex,  on  Lake 
Erie,  29  miles  S.E.  of  Windsor.  It  contains  2  hotels,  about 
10  stores,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  grist-mill,  and  has  manufac- 
tories of  iron  castings,  machinery,  cotton,  wooden-ware, 
woollens,  &c.     Kingsville  is  a  port  of  entry.     Pop.  800. 

King-Tcheou,  Kin-Choo,  or  King-Tcheou- 
Fou,  a  city  of  China.     See  King-Choo-Foo. 

King-te-Tchiang,  king^-ti-che-Ung',  or  King-te- 
C'.hing,  king'-td-ching',  a  town  of  China,  province  of 
Kiang-See,  95  miles  N.E.  of  Nan-Chang.  It  is  a  noted 
principal  seat  of  the  manufacture  of  porcelain.  Lat.  29° 
16'  N.;  Ion.  116°  52'  E.     Pop.  500,000. 

Kington,  England.    See  Kineto.v. 

King'ton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  18  miles  by  rail 
N.W.  of  Hereford.     Pop.  2126. 

King-Tong,  king*-tong',  a  city  of  China,  province 
and  125  miles  S.W,  of  Yun-Nan,  capital  of  a  department, 
and  near  a  source  of  the  Tonquin  River. 

King-Tong,  an  island  of  China.    See  Kintano. 

Kingussie,  kin-goos'see,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Inverness,  om  a  railway,  23  miles  E.S.E.  of  Fort  Augustus. 

King'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lnmar  co.,  Ala.,  7  miles 
S.E.  of  Vernon. 

King  William,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Virginia, 
aas  an  area  of  about  270  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  by  the  Mattapony  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the 
Pamunkey.  The  surface  is  undulating.  Maize,  wheat,  oats, 
and  grass  are  the  staples.   This  county  is  intersected  by  the 


Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  which  traverses  its  S.  bol- 
der. Capital,  King  William  Court-IIouse.  Pop.  in  1870, 
7515;  in  1880,  8751;  in  1890,  9605. 

King  William  Court-House,  a  post-village,  capi- 
tal of  King  William  co.,  Va.,  on  or  near  the  Mattapony 
River,  about  28  miles  E.N.E.  of  Richmond.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  bank,  a  female  institute,  and  2  newspaper 
offices.     Pop.  estimated  at  1000. 

King  William's  Town,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Cape 
Colony,  formerly  capital  of  British  KafTraria,  28  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  East  London,  its  port.     Pop.  5169, 

King'wood,  a  post-township  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J., 
is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Delaware  River,  and  is  about 
24  miles  N.W.  of  Trenton.  It  contains  6  churches,  and  a 
hamlet  named  Baptisttown.     Pop.  1942. 

Kingwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co..  Pa.,  about 
40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Johnstown.     It  has  2  churches. 

Kingwood,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Preston  co.,  W. 
Va.,  on  the  Cheat  River,  about  74  miles  S.E.  of  Wheeling. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  high  school,  a  sash- 
factory,  and  2  weekly  newspapers. 

Kin^ibaloo',  a  mountain  and  lake  of  Borneo. 

Kinischma,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Kineshma. 

Kinjore,  kin-jOr',  a  lake  of  British  India,  in  Sinde 
Lat.  24°  51'  N. ;  Ion.  68°  8'  E.  It  consists  of  an  extensiv* 
expanse  of  stagnant  water,  sometimes  covered  by  the  Indus. 

Kinkaid,  a  village  of  Scott  co.,  Ky.    See  Dry  Run. 

Kinko'ra,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Camden  &  Amboy  Rail- 
road, 4  miles  S.W.  of  Bordentown,  at  the  junction  of  a 
branch  railroad  to  Lewistown  and  New  Lisbon.  It  has  1 
or  2  brick-yards  and  ice-houses. 

Kinko'ra,  a  post-village  in  Perth  co.,  Ontario,  8  miles 
N.  of  Sebringville.     Pop.  150. 

Kin-Kui-Jin,  kin-koo'e-jin',  a  seaport  town  on  the 
W.  side  of  Great  Loo-Choo  Island. 

Kin'lock,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ala. 

Kiu'mount,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Burnt  River,  20  miles  N.  of  Bobcaygeon.     Pop.  100. 

Kinmun'dy,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co..  111.,  on  the 
Illinois  Central  Railroad,  23  miles  N.E,  of  Centralia.  It 
has  a  bank,  2  flour-mills,  2  drug-stores,  5  churches,  and  a 
newspuper  office.  Pop.  in  1880,  1090;  in  1890,  1045;  of 
Kinmundy  township,  1735. 

Kin^naird's'  Head,  a  promontory  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Aberdeen,  projecting  into  the  North  Sea.  Lat.  57°  42'  N. ; 
Ion.  2°  W. 

Kin'near's  Mills,  also  known  asLambie's  Mills, 
a  post-village  in  Megantic  co.,  Quebec,  18  miles  E.S.E,  of 
Beeancour  Station,     Poii.  100. 

Kin^nekeet',  or  Ken^nakeet',  a  post-hamlet  of 
Dare  co.j  N.C.,  on  an  island  between  Pamlico  Sound  and 
the  Atlantic,  10  miles  N.  of  Cape  Hatteras,  It  has  a  church 
and  an  oyster-fishery.     Pop.  of  Kinnekeet  township,  599. 

Kin'ney,  a  county  in  the  S.AV.  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
area  of  about  1700  square  miles.  On  the  S.W.  the  Rio 
Grande  separates  it  from  Mexico.  It  is  drained  by  Elm 
and  Las  Moras  Creeks.  Here  are  extensive  prairies,  on 
which  miiny  cattle  find  pasture.  Capital,  Brackeitville. 
Pop.  in  1870,  1204;  in  1880,  4487;  in  1890,  3781. 

Kinney's  Four  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Oswego  cm., 
N.Y.,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Oswego  City. 

Kin^nickinnick',  a  small  river  of  Wisconsin,  rises  in 
St.  Croix  CO.,  runs  S.W.  through  Pierce  co.,  and  enters  the 
St.  Croix  River  (or  Lake)  6  miles  N.  of  Prescott. 

Kinnickinnick,  a  post-township  of  St.  Croix  co.,  Wis., 
traversed  by  the  Kinnickinnick  River.     Pop.  725. 

Kinnickinnick,  a  station  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
<fc  St.  Paul  Railroad,  2  miles  S.  of 'Milwaukee,  Wis. 

Kin^niconick',  a  small  river  of  Kentucky,  runs  north- 
eastward through  Lewis  co.,  and  enters  the  Ohio  River 
about  10  miles  below  Portsmouth,  0. 

Kin^nikinnick'y  a  post-office  of  Ross  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Scioto  Valley  Railroad,  6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Chillicothe. 

Kin^ross',  or  Kinross-shire,  kin-ross'shir,  a  small 
county  of  Scotland,  having  E.  and  S.  the  county  of  Fife, 
and  W.  and  N.  the  county  of  Perth.  Area,  78  square 
miles.  The  surface  is  varied  and  well  cultivated.  Chief 
town,  Kinross.  The  county  unites  with  Clackmannan  co. 
in  sending  one  member  to  Parliament.     Pop.  7198. 

Kinross,  a  town  of  Scotland,  capital  of  the  co,  of  Kin- 
ross, on  Loch  Leven,  at  a  railway  junction,  14  miles  S,S.B. 
of  Perth.  It  has  a  fine  county  hall  and  jail,  a  town  hall, 
an  elegant  church,  and  manufactures  of  cottons,  tartan 
shawls,  and  damasks.     Pop.  1926. 

Kinsale,  kin^sail',  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland,  oo,  and 
13  miles  by  rail  S,S.W.  of  Cork,  on  the  estuary  of  the  Bail 


mr 


1562 


KIR 


4oB  Rlrvr.  Tha  ohiaf  building!  are  a  parish  churali  of  th« 
fkrartMOth  Mntury,  several  ohapels,  a  eonvent,  town  ball, 
Jail,  aasembly-rooins,  botbs,  a  hospital,  workhouse,  fort,  nnd 
barraoki.  The  harbor  is  excellent ;  but  the  tnvle  is  now 
BKMtly  transferred  to  Cork.  Fiiiberios  form  the  chief  re- 
•ourees  of  the  people.  In  suminor  manj  visitors  resort 
Mere  for  sea-bathing.  Kinsale  sends  one  member  to  Par- 
liament.    l»op.  7050. 

Kinsalo,  kin^sar,  a  post-hnmlet  of  Westmoreland  oo., 
Va.,  on  a  navigable  oreok  or  brunch  of  the  I'otoniao  Uiver, 
about  00  miles  K.N.E.  uf  Richmond.  The  Baltimore  steam- 
ers toueh  hero  every  week. 

Kiu-Sha-Kiang .    See  Yano-tse-Kiano. 

Kin-Shan,  Kin-Schan,  or  Kin-Chan,  kin-sh&n' 
(literally,  tho  "golden  mountain"),  an  island  of  China, 
province  of  Kiang-Soo,  in  the  Yang-tso-Kiang  Rivor,  nearly 
opposite  the  mouth  of  the  Grand  Canal,  and  covered  with 
lemi>los,  pavilions,  and  gardens,  now  mostly  in  decay. 

Kinsley,  kinz'le,  a  post-villago,  capital  of  Edwards  oo., 
Kansas,  on  the  Atohison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad,  25 
miles  S.W.  of  Lamed.  It  has  a  weekly  newspaper,  a 
church,  and  a  bank.  Pop.  in  1890,  771.  Kinsley  township 
is  traversed  by  tho  Arkansas  River,  and  h.i3  a  pop.  of  1080. 

Kinsman,  kinz'man,  a  post-hamlct  of  Grundy  oo., 
III.,  on  tho  Chicago,  Pekin  &  Southwostorn  Railroad,  37 
miles  S.AV.  of  Joliet. 

Kinsman,  a  post-village  of  Trumbull  oo.,  0.,  in  Kins- 
man township,  on  the  Pymatuning  Creek,  and  on  tho  rail- 
road which  connects  Andover  with  Youngstown,  26  miles 
N.  of  Youngstown.  Coal  is  mined  near  it.  It  has  4  churches, 
An  academy,  a  chair-factory,  a  foundry,  2  flour-mills,  and  a 
saw-mill.     Pop.  of  tho  township,  1029. 

Kingston,  a  post-villago,  capital  of  Lenoir  co.,  N.C.,  in 
Kinston  township,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Neuse  River,  and 
On  tho  Atlantic  &  North  Carolina  Railroad,  .33  miles  W.N.AV. 
of  New-Berne,  and  26  miles  B.S.B.of  Goldsiwrough.  It  has 
a  collegiate  institute,  a  high  school,  6  churches,  and  2  tur- 
pentine-distilleries. Aliout  7000  bales  of  cotton  are  an- 
nually shipped  here.     Pop.  in  1880,  1216;  in  1890,  1726. 

Kintang,  kin-t&ng',  or  KingHong',  an  island  of 
Chinti,  near  Chusan.     Lat.  30°  N.;  Ion.  121°  40'  E. 

Kin-Tchoo,  or  Kin-Tchou.    Soe  Kixg-Choo-Foo. 

Kint'nersville,  a  post-hamlct  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Delaware  River,  about  12  miles  below  Easton. 

Kintore,  kin-tOr',  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  at  a  railwjiy 
junction,  co.  and  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Aberdeen,  on  the 
Aberdeen  Canal.     It  has  many  antiquities.     Pop.  659. 

Kintore,  kin-t3r',  a  post-village  in  Oxford  co.,  Ontario, 
10  miles  W.  of  Ingersoll.     It  contains  2  stores.     Pop.  100. 

Kintyre,  kin-tir',  Cantyre,or  Cantire,  kan-tir',  a 
peninsula  of  Scotland,  between  the  Firth  of  Clyde  and  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  forming  the  S.  end  of  tho  co.  of  Argyle. 
Length,  40  miles ;  average  breadth,  6 J  miles. 

Kinvar'ra,  a  small  seaport  town  of  Ireland,  in  Con- 
n:iught,  CO.  of  Galway,  11  miles  S.S.E.  of  Galway.    Pop.  614. 
'It  has  a  Roman  Catholic  cathedral  and  bishop's  residence. 
:    Kin-Yang,  a  city  of  China.    See  Khi.vg-Yasg. 

Kin-Ynen,  a  city  of  China.     See  Khing-Yuak. 

•  Kin'zer's,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  54  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Kinvcig,  kint'siG,  a  rivor  of  Germany,  in  Wiirtemberg 
»nJ  Baden,  after  a  N.W.  course  joins  the  Rhine  at  Kehl. 
'    Kinzig,  a  river  of  Germany,  in  Hesse-Cassel,  joins  the 
Main  near  Ilanau. 

Kin'zua,  Ken'zua,  or  Ken'jna,  a  post-hamlet  in 
Kinzua  township,  Warren  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Alleghany  River, 
12  miles  above  Warren.  It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 
I'op.  of  the  township,  318. 

Kinzua  (or  Kenjaa)  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in 
McKean  co.,  runs  northwestward,  and  enters  the  Alleghany 
River  in  Warren  co.,  about  12  miles  above  Warren. 

Kio,  a  town  of  Japan.    See  Kioto. 
■    Ki5ge,  a  town  of  Denmark.     See  KjiJoE. 

Kio'kee,  a  post-ofiice  of  Columbia  co.,  Ga. 

•  Kiokee  Creek,  of  Georgia,  flows  into  Savannah  River 
about  9  miles  N.E.  of  Appling. 

Ki51en,  KjOlen,  kyo'l?n  or  cho'l^n, KioeI,orKoe- 
len,  a  mountain-chain  of  Scandinavia,  extends  from  about 
lat.  63°  northward,  having  Sweden  and  Russian  Lapland  on 
the  E.  and  S.,  and  Norway  nnd  Flnmark  on  the  W.  and  N. 
Mount  Sulitclma,  its  highest  point,  in  lat.  67°  6'  N.,  Ion. 
16°  20'  E.,  is  5956  feet  in  elevation. 

Kioma'tia,  a  post-office  of  Red  River  co.,  Tex. 

Kiong-Choo,  Kiong-Tchon,  ke-ong'-choo',  or 
Kiong-Tchoo-Foo,  written  also  Kiang-Chau-Fu, 
Kienchoiv,  Kiungchow,  Khiong-Tchou,  and 
Kiung-Chu-Fu,  a  city  and  treaty -port  of  China,  wipital 


of  the  island  of  Ilai-Nan,  on  its  N.  ooast.  Lat.  20^  N.t 
Ion.  1 10°  22'  B.  Estimated  pop.  200,000.  It  is  onolMsod  1^ 
strong  walls,  is  well  built,  and  has  an  extensive  trade  with 
Macao,  Annam,  Siaui,  and  Singn|>ore. 

Kioo-Kiang,  ke-oo'-ko-&ng',  or  Kew-Kiang,  % 
city  and  treaty-port  of  China,  in  Kiang-See,  on  the  Vangw 
tso-Kiang,  near  the  Poyang  Lake,  250  miles  S.W.  of  Nan- 
king. It  is  a  great  centre  of  tho  tea-trade.  It  was  formerly 
very  large,  but  was  destroyed  by  thoTae-Pings.  Pop.  40,000, 

Kioo-Sioo,  Kiou-Siou,  or  Kin-Siu,  ke-oo'-se. 
oo',  or  Ximo,  zeo'mo,  the  southernmost  of  tho  three  pria^ 
cipal  islands  of  Japan,  in  the  Paoiflo  Ocean,  separated  froii 
Corea  by  the  Strait  of  Corea,  and  froni  Hondo  by  the  Strail 
of  Shikoku.  Lat.  from  31°  to  34°  1'  N. ;  Ion.  from  129°  30' 
to  132°  E.    The  surface  is  mountainous.     Von.  4,986,612. 

Kioto,  kco-Q'to  (formerly  Aliako,  or  Inenco,  mo*> 
&'ko,  otherwise  Heiaivio,  or  Ileian),  now  officialljr 
calle<l  Saikio,  si-kee'o  ("western  capital"),  a  town  of 
Japan,  and  its  former  capital,  on  the  island  of  Hondo,  37 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Osaka,  and  250  miles  S.W.  of  Tokio. 
It  was  long  the  literary  centre  of  the  empire,  and  is  now 
the  seat  of  extensive  manufactures  of  porcelain,  lacquered 
goods,  cutlery,  silks,  and  hardware.  Pop.  in  1872,  238,66S) 
in  1884,  263.367;  in  1890,  279,792. 

Kio-Tsing,  ke-o'-tsing',  or  Ka-Tsing,  kyoo^tsing*, 
a  city  of  China,  j)rovince  and  70  miles  E.N.E.  of  Yun-Nao, 

Kiou-Sion,  an  island  of  Japan.    See  Ktoo-Sioo. 

Kiowa,  ki'o-wK,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Elbert  oo<, 
Col.,  45  miles  S.E.  of  Denver,  and  8  miles  B.  of  Elizabeth 
Station  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad. 

Kiowa,  a  post-village  of  Barber  eo.,  Kansas,  at  the 
junction  of  two  railroads,  86  miles  S.W.  of  Wichita.  Pop, 
in  1890,  893. 

Kiowa  Creek,  Colorado,  rises  in  Douglas  co.,  runs  N. 
through  Arapahoe  co.,  and  enters  the  South  Fork  of  the 
Platte  in  Weld  co.,  30  miles  below  Evans.   Length,  1 25  miles. 

Kiowee  or  Keowee  (k^-o'weo)  River,  a  branch  of 
the  Savannah,  rises  in  the  Blue  Ridge  in  North  Carolina. 
It  runs  southward,  forms  tho  E.  boundary  of  Oconee  eoi, 
8.C.,  and  unites  with  tho  Tugaloo  to  form  the  Savannah. 
Length,  90  miles.     It  is  also  called  Seneca  River. 

Kipchak,  or  Kiptchak,  kip'chik',  a  town  of  Toor- 
kistan,  khanat  and  68  miles  N.N.W.  of  Khiva,  on  the 
A  moo-Darya.  It  is  walled,  and  is  a  mart  of  trade.  Near 
it  is  a  handsome  Moslem  school  of  divinity. 

Kippenheim,  kip'p^n-hlme',  a  town  of  Badon,  U 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Zell.     Pop.  1954. 

Kip'pure,  a  mountain  of  Ireland,  in  Leinster,  11  miMl 
S.S.W.  of  Dublin.     Elevation,  2473  feet. 

Kip'ton,  a  post-villago  of  Lorain  co.,  0.,  in  Caradei 
township,  on  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  5  miles  AV.  of  Oborlin. 
It  has  a  church  and  2  stores.     Pop.  about  100. 

Kir'by,  a  township  of  Northampton  CO.,  N.C.    Pop.  1S44. 

Kirby,  a  post- village  of  Wyandot  eo.,  0.,  in  Jackson 
and  Mifflin  townships,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  i 
Chicago  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  Upper  Sandusky,  and  35 
miles  E.  of  Lima.  It  has  2  churches,  a  carriage-shop,  a 
drug-store,  <fec. 

Kirby,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co..  Pa.,  at  Newtown. 

Kirby,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  S.O.     Pop.  1155. 

Kirby,  a  township  of  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  10  miles  N.B. 
of  St.  Johnsbury.     Pop.  417. 

Kirby-Kendal,  England.    See  Kendal. 

Kirby's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  eo.,  Ala. 

Kirbyville,  Taney  co.,  Mo.     See  Kerbwille. 

Kir'byville,  a  post-office  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  about  ■ 
miles  N.B.  of  Reading. 

Kirch,  keoRK,  a  German  word,  signifying  "church," 
forming  a  part  of  various  names  in  Europe. 

Kirchberg,  kdSriK'bdttG,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Sax- 
ony. 23  miles  S.W.  of  Chemnitz.  Pop.  584 1.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  woollen  cloths,  paper,  metallic  goods,  Ac. 

Kirchberg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Rhenish  Prussia, 
30  miles  S.S.W.  of  Coblentz.     Pop.  1434. 

Kirchdorf,  kgenK'donf,  or  Kirchdrauf,  kcCnK'- 
drOwP  (Hun.  Sepes  Varallya,  sh.VpJsh'  vOh'rol'yoli"),  a 
town  of  Hungary,  in  Zips,  23  miles  W.  of  Eperies.     P.  3317. 

Kircheh,  a  village  of  Nubia.     See  Giiyrche.  ' 

Kirchenlamitz,  keCRK'?n-li'niits,  a  town  of  Bavaria, 
on  the  Lamitz,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Baireuth.     Pop.  19SI. 

Kirchentellingsfnrt,  k6cRK'?n-tSriings-fi5oKt\  a 
village  of  AViirtemberg,  circle  of  Schwarzwald.     Pop.  1399. 

Kirchhayn,  or  Kirchhain,  keCnK'hlne,  a  town  of 
Prussia,  in  Brandenburg,  66  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Frankfort- 
on-thc-Gder.     Pop.  3121. 

Kirchhayn,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse,  on  the  Ohm, 
8  mUes  E.  of  Marburg.     Pop.  1693.  . 


Km 


1563 


KIR 


Kirchhayn,  kirk'han,  a  post-village  of  Washington 
00.,  Wis.,  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Milwaukee.    It  has  a  church. 

Kirchheim,  kCeRK'hlm,  a  village  of  Baden,  near  Hei- 
delberg.    Pop.  2525. 

Kirchheim,  a  town  of  Wilrtemberg,  16  miles  by  rail 
S.E.  of  Stuttgart.  Pop.  6197.  It  is  enclosed  by  planted 
walks,  and  has  a  royal  palace,  and  manufactures  of  cotton 
and  woollen  goods,  toys,  iron-ware,  Ac. 

Kirchheim-am-Neckar,  keeBK'hIm-S.m-nSk'k4r,  a 
village  of  Wiirtcmberg,  on  the  Neckar,  8  miles  S.W.  of 
Ueilbronn.     Pop.  1392. 

Kirchheim-Bolanden,  k5gRK'hTm-bo'linM?n,  a 
town  of  Rhenish  Bavaria,  at  the  foot  of  the  Donnersberg, 
18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Kaiserslautern.  Pop.  2934.  In  its 
vicinity  are  mines  of  iron,  copper,  and  mercury. 

Kirchw^rder,  kocRK'wen-der,  a  village  and  district 
of  Hamburg,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Hamburg.     Pop.  3390. 

Kirchworbis,  keeRK'^oa^bis,  a  village  of  Prussia, 
province  of  Saxony,  government  of  Erfurt.     Pop.  1209, 

Kirengha,  ke-rjn'gi,  a  river  of  Siberia,  rises  in  the 
government  of  Irkootsk,  flows  N.,  and  joins  the  Lena  a  little 
below  Kircnsk,  after  a  course  of  nearly  300  miles. 

Kirgheez,  Kirghiz,  Kirguis,  or  Kirguiz,  klr^- 
ghccz',  a  people  of  Asia,  occupying  a  territory  in  the  N. 
part  of  •Toorkistan,  between  lat.  44°  and  55°  N.  and  Ion. 
63°  and  82°  E.,  chiefly  in  the  Russian  governments  of 
Orenboorg,  Toorgai,  Ooralsk,  Syr-Darya,  and  Tomsk,  occu- 
pying a  large  part  of  the  steppes  eastward  of  the  Volga  as 
far  as  the  B.  end  of  Balkash  Lake.  The  surface  of  their 
country  is  traversed  by  many  mountain-chains,  but  it 
chiefly  consists  of  barren  plains  abounding  in  salt  lakes. 
The  climate  is  remarkable  for  variability,  and  destructive 
hurricanes  are  frequent.  The  population  is  nomadic  and 
rude  in  the  extreme,  their  principal  occupation  being  the 
rearing  of  sheep,  goats,  horses,  and  camels.  Some  land  on 
nver-banks,  however,  is  tilled  for  millet,  rye,  and  barley. 
Some  domestic  weaving  and  manufactures  of  hair  cordage, 
soap,  leather,  and  iron-wares  are  carried  on  ;  but  this  region 
may  be  considered  as  pre-eminently  the  headquarters  of 
barbarism  in  Asia,  nearly  all  manufactured  goods  and 
necessaries  being  derived  from  the  adjacent  countries  in 
exchange  for  cattle,  hides,  horns,  and  wool.  The  Kirgheez 
are  of  the  Mongol  race,  and  are  separated  into  the  so-named 
Great,  Little,  and  Middle  hordes,  who  are  again  subdivided 
into  numerous  tribes,  each  having  its  own  chief.  Thej'  are 
in  general  below  the  standard  of  European  stature.  They 
are  akin  to  the  Oozbeks,  and  speak  a  similar  language. 
They  are  remarkably  healthy  and  vigorous,  the  result  of  a 
Hfc  without  care,  in  the  open  air  and  on  horseback.  The 
Kirgheez  food  is  chiefly  mutton  and  horse-flesh,  with  sour 
mares'-milk.  The  Kirgheez  are  extremely  indolent  and 
pusillanimous.  Their  hospitality  often  ends  in  treachery; 
and  they  are,  moreover,  frightfully  vindictive.  Their  re- 
ligion is  a  compound  of  Islamisra  and  idolatry. 

The  subjection  of  the  Kirgheez-Kazaks  (Cossacks)  to  the 
empire  of  Russia,  so  far  as  roving  bandits  in  the  desert  can 
be  said  to  be  subjected,  has  been  effected  within  little  more 
than  a  century,  but  they  are  now  active  allies  of  the  Rus- 
sians, and  number  about  2,000,000. 

Kiria,  Kirrea,  klr'ree'd,  or  Kcr're'a,  a  town  of 
Chinese  Toorkistan,  130  miles  E.S.E.  of  Kboten.  Lat.  37° 
N.;  Ion.  82°  50'  E.  It  has  a  trade  with  Yarkand,  to  which 
It  sends  silk,  gold-dust,  and  raisins ;  and  caravans  from  the 
Russian  frontier  bring  to  it  broadcloths,  brocades,  steel,  and 
furs  inexchange  for  tea,  rhubarb,  and  sal-ammoniac. 

Kirilov,  or  KiriloAV,  ke-ro-lov',  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  265  miles  E.N.E.  of  Novgorod.  Pop.  3092. 
It  is  surrounded  by  lakes,  and  owes  its  name  to  a  remark- 
able convent  founded  by  St.  Cyril  in  1398.  It  has  a  cathe- 
dral,several  churches,  and  a  valuable  library. 

Kirin,  kir'in,  a  province  of  Manchooria,  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  the  Soongaree,  on  the  E.  by  the  Oosooree  River  and 
the  Russian  territory,  on  the  S.  by  Corea  and  the  province 
of  Leao-Tong,  and  on  the  N.B.  by  the  Soongaree  and  the 
boundary  denoted  by  the  Western  Palisades.  Area,  11 6,929 
«quare  miles.  Its  surface  js  level  in  the  N.W.,  including 
the  space  enclosed  within  the  elbow  of  the  Soongaree;  the 
ifemainder  of  the  province  is  mountainous.  The  chief  rivers 
are  the  Soongaree,  the  Iloorka,  and  the  Oosooree.  E.xtremes 
of  climate  occur  in  the  course  of  the  year,  but  do  not  inter- 
fere with  agriculture;  Beans,  pease,  millet,  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  barley,  opium,  and  potatoes  are  produced.  The 
hilly  regions  are  celebrated  for  their  fertility  and  beauty, 
the  mountains  being  in  many  cases  clothed  to  the  summit 
with  luxuriant  vegetation.  Pop.  2,000,000,  mostly  Chinese 
fromthe  northern  provinces. 

Kiriu-Oalo,  or  Kiriu<OtiIa,  kir'in-oo'lJ  or  ke- 


reen'-oo'l&,  a.  town  of  Manchooria,  capital  of  the  province  of 
Soongaree,  on  the  navigable  river  Soongaree,  or  Kirin-Oola. 
It  is  enclosed  by  an  earthen  rampart,  and  is  the  residence  of 
a  Manchoo  viceroy.     Lat.  43°  46'  N. ;  Ion.  126°  55'  E. 

Kirjatch,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Kirziiatch. 

Kirjath-Arba,  a  town  of  Palestine.    See  Hebrox. 

Kirk  (I'.e.,  "church;"  see  Kirch),  a  prefix  of  the  names 
of  numerous  towns  and  parishes  in  Great  Britain.  For 
those  not  under-mentioned,  see  additional  names. 

Kirkagatch,keer-ka-gatch',orKirk-Aghadj,keor- 
ki-gij',  a  towff  of  Asia  Minor,  52  miles  N.E.  of  Smyrna. 

Kirkby-Kendal,  England.     See  Kendal. 

Kirkby-  (kir'bee)  Lons'dale,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
of  Westmoreland,  on  the  Lune,  and  on  a  railwaj',  11  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Kendal.  It  stands  in  a  valley,  and  has  a  fine  old 
church,  a  grammar-school,  an  antique  market-cross,  and 
some  manufactures  of  carpets,  blankets,  &c.     P.  1766. 

Kirkby-3Ialzeard,  mil'zerd,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
of  York,  West  Riding,  6  miles  Vv.N.W.  of  Ripon.     P.  581. 

Kirkby-Moor'side,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
North  Riding,  24  miles  N.N.E.  of  York.  Malting  is  carried 
on,  and  near  it  are  quarries  and  coal-mines.     Pop.  1788. 

Kirkby-Stephcn,  kir'bee-stee'ven,  a  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  Westmoreland,  at  a  railway  junction,  22  miles 
S.E.  of  Penrith.  It  has  a  spacious  church,  a  grammar- 
school,  manufactures  of  woollen  and  silk,  stocking-knitting, 
and  lead-  and  coal-mines.     Pop.  1871. 

Kirkcaldy,  kirk-kawl'dee  or  kirk-kaw'dee,  a  town  of 
Scotland,  co.  of  Fife,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  Firth  of  Forth, 
6  miles  by  rail  N.E,  of  Burntisland,  and  11  miles  N.  of 
Edinburgh,  It  is  well  lighted,  and  has  many  elegant  shops, 
a  handsome  town  hall  and  jail,  several  places  of  worship, 
well-endowed  schools,  a  library,  a  shipping  company,  cham- 
ber of  commerce,  custom-house,  flax-mills,  jute-works,  <fec. 
Bed-ticking,  canvas,  and  other  linen  fabrics  are  the  staple 
manufactures  of  the  place.  It  has  flour-mills,  breweries, 
vitriol-works,  a  distillery,  and  a  machine-factory.  The  tradd 
of  the  port  is  extensive.  The  harbor  is  formed  of  stone 
piers,  and  has  a  light-house ;  it  is  completely  dry  at  low 
water,  but  at  full  tide  is  capable  of  admitting  vessels  of 
considerable  bui-den.  The  borough  joins  with  Dysart,  King- 
horn,  and  Burntisland  in  sending  one  member  to  the  House 
of  Commons.     Pop.  of  town  (1891),  27,151. 

Kirkoudbright,  kir-koo'bree,  Kirkcudbright- 
shire, kir-koo'bre-shjr,  or  the  Stew'artry  of  Kirk' 
cud  bright,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  of  Scotland,  forming 
the  E.  half  of  the  district  of  Galloway.  Solway  Firth  sepa- 
rates it  from  Cumberland.  Area,  954  square  miles.  The 
surface  is  generally  hilly,  and  in  the  N.W.  mountainous. 
The  chief  mountains  are  Blacklarg,  in  the  N.,  2890  feet, 
and  Gairnsmoor,  on  Wigton  Bay,  2329  feet  in  elevation. 
The  principal  rivers  are  the  Dee,  Fleet,  Ken,  and  Urr. 
Lakes  are  numerous.  The  soil  is  productive.  Cattle  of 
the  polled  Galloway  breed  are  extensively  reared  and  fat- 
tened for  export.  Southdown  and  Cheviot  sheep  are  nu- 
merous in  the  mountains.  Chief  towns,  Kirkcudbright,  New' 
Galloway,  and  Castle  Douglas.  It  sends  one  member  to  the 
House  of  Commons.     Pop.  (1891)  39,979. 

Kirkcudbright,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  capital  of  the 
county  of  its  own  name,  on  the  estuary  of  the  Dee,  6  mileaf 
above  its  junction  with  the  Solway  Firth,  and  28  miles  S.W. 
of  Dumfries.  It  is  a  railway  terminus,  and  is  finely  situ^ 
ated.  It  has  a  large  jyarish  church,  county  hall,  jail,  market- 
cross,-  academy,  library,  custom-house,  and  imposing  ruins 
of  a  castle.  The  harbor  is  the  best  in  the  S.  of  Scotland;' 
yet  the  town  has  but  little  business  beyond  the  employment 
of  a  few  cotton-looms,  some  ship-building,  small  export  of 
agricultural  produce  and  imports  of  coals,  <fcc.  It  united 
with  Dumfries,  Annan,  Lochmaben,  and  Sanquhar  in  send- 
ing one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.     Pop.  2470. 

Kirk'dale,  a  northern  suburb  of  Liverpool,  EnHand. 
Pop.  32,978. 

Kirkdale,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  York,  North; 
Riding,  li  miles  W.S.W.  of  Kirkby-Moorside.  It  is  noted 
for  its  cave  discovered  in  1820,  containing  an  extraordinary 
assemblage  of  the  bones  of  hyenas,  tigers,  elephants,  Ac. 

Kirk-Dclccm,  or  Kirk-Deliin,  klrk'-di-leem',  a 
mountain-range  of  Asia  Minor,  about  lat.  41°  30'  N.  and 
Ion.  35°  E.,  extending  S.E.  from  the  Kizil-Irmak. 

Kirk'ersville,  a  post-village  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  on  th« 
South  Fork  of  Licking  River,  22  miles  E.  of  Columbus,  and 
2i  miles  S.  of  Kirkcrsville  Station  of  the  Central  Ohio  Rail- 
road. It  h.as  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  2  steam  saw-mills,  ai 
planing-mill,  Ac.  Pop.  295.  The  name  of  the  post-offic* 
at  Kirkcrsville  Station  is  Outville. 

Kirkticid,  kirk'feeld,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co. 
Ontario,  76  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Toronto.     Pop.  100. 


KIR 


1.0G4 


KIS 


Kirk'ham,  »  borough  of  England,  oo.  of  Lancaster,  8i 
inilw  by  mil  W.N.W.  of  Preston.  It  it  handsomely  built, 
and  has  a  largo  church,  a  gramuiar-tohool,  and  several  well- 
endowed  oharitius  and  schools.     Pop.  36U3. 

Kirkintilluch,  kirk'ia-til'loK,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  in 
Dumbartoushiro,  on  the  forth  Jt  Clyde  Oiinal,  6i  inilos  by 
jail  N.N.B.  of  Glasgow.  It  has  a  court-house  and  jail,  a 
library,  manufactures  of  hats,  an  iron-foundry,  gas-works, 
distilleries,  and  many  cotton-looms.     Pon.  8201. 

Kirk-Kilisseh,  k<!i:iltk-ke-lis'89h,Kirkli8ch»keSrk- 
li8'9h,  written  also  Kirk-Kilissia,  a  town  of  European 
Turkey,  32  miles  E.X.E.  of  Adrianople.     Pop.  about  16,000. 

Kirk'land,  a  pust-olSco  of  ColTce  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Bruns- 
wick it  Albimy  Railroad,  93  miles  W.  of  Brunswick. 

Kirklaud^a  post-village  of  De  Kalb  co.,  111.,  in  Frank- 
lin township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Pacific  Railroad,  31  miles 
M'.  of  Elgin.     Much  live-stock  is  shipped  hero. 

Kirklaud,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  508. 

Kirklaud,  a  post-township  of  Oneida  co.,  N.\.,  about 
6  miles  S.W.  of  Utica.  It  contains  the  village  of  Clinton, 
the  seat  of  Hamilton  College,  and  others  named  Franklin, 
Clark's  Mills,  and  Manchester.  Kirkland  Post-Olhce  and 
Station  is  ut  Manchester.  Pop.  of  the  township,  4760. 
.  Kirkland,  a  station  in  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the  West 
Chester  &  Philadelphia  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  West  Chester. 

Kirkland's,  a  station  on  the  Indiana  North  &  South 
Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Veedersburg,  Ind. 

Kirkland  Valley,  post-office,  Yavapai  co.,  Arizona. 

Kirk-Lees,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West 
Ridin«;,  4  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Dewsbury.     Pop.  1779. 

Kirk'liu,  a  village  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.,  in  Kirklin  town- 
■hip,  about  35  miles  S.£.  of  Lafayette.     It  has  2  churches, 
a  Hour-mill,  &o.    Pop.  in  1880,  Ub2 ;  in  1890,  550 ;  of  the 
township,  2219. 
.   Kiikliseh,  European  Turkey.    See  Kirk-Kilisseh. 

Kirk'mansville,  a  post-village  of  Todd  co.,  Ky.,  15 
miles  S.  of  Greenville.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Kirkook,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey.     See  Kerkook. 

Kirk-Os'wald,atownof  England,  co.  of  Cumberland, 
8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Penrith.  The  town,  in  the  V^ale  of  the 
Eden,  is  mostly  built  of  stone,  and  has  an  old  church,  the 
ruins  of  a  castle,  and  paper-  and  corn-mills.     Pop.  707. 

Kirk's  Cross  Roads,  Indiana.    See  Kirkli.v. 

Kirk'sey,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calloway  co.,  Ky.,  15  miles 
E.  of  Mayfield.     It  has  a  church. 

Kirk'sey's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Edgefield  oo.,  S.C,  10 
miles  S.  of  Ninety -Six  Station.  It  has  a  steam  saw-mill,  a 
grist-mill,  a  pottery,  <fcc. 

Kirk's  Fer'ry,  a  post-office  of  Catahoula  parish.  La.,  on 
the  Tensas  River. 

Kirk's  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ala. 

Kirk's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Stanley  co.,  N.C. 

Kirk's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa., 
about  32  miles  W.  of  Wilmington.     It  has  a  Hour-mill. 

Kirks'ville,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Ky.,  127 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Louisville.     It  has  a  church. 

Kirksville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Adair  co..  Mo., 
on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern  Railroad,  at  its 
junction  with  the  Quincy,  Missouri  A,  Pacific  Railroad,  34 
miles  N.  of  Macon,  and  70  miles  W.N.W,  of  Quincy,  111. 
It  contains  a  stato  normal  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
court-house,  a  savings-bank,  a  banking-house,  8  churches, 
a  flour-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  <fcc.     Pop.  IS'JO,  3510. 

Kirk'ton,  a  post-village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  11 } 
miles  W.N.W.  of  St.  Marys.     Pop.  200. 

Kirk'ville,a  post-village  of  Wapello  co.,  Iowa,  in  Rich- 
land township,  on  the  Keokuk  &  Des  Moines  Railroad,  9 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Ottumwa.    Pop.  236. 

Kirkville,  a  post- village  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Erie  Canal  and  New  York  Central  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of 
Syracuse.     It  has  2  churches. 

Kirkwall,  kirk-wawl',  a  town  of  Scotland,  capital  of 
the  CO.  of  Orkney,  on  a  bay  on  the  N.E.  side  of  Mainland, 
26  miles  N.N.E.  of  John  o'  Groat's.  Lat.  58°  59'  2"  N. ; 
Ion.  2°  57'  2"  W.  Its  houses  are  antique  and  built  of 
stone.  The  most  conspicuous  edifice  is  the  cathedral  of  St. 
Magnus,  a  fine  Gothic  pile,  founded  in  the  twelfth  century. 
On  either  side  of  it  are  the  ruins  of  the  castle  of  the  Earls 
of  Orkney,  and  of  the  bishop's  palace,  and  opposite  it  are 
the  remains  of  the  king's  castle.  The  principal  modern 
buildings  are  the  town  hall,  jail,  and  assembly-rooms;  and 
the  town  has  a  museum,  grammar-school,  libraries,  and  a 
custom-house.  It  has  some  manufactures  of  linen  and 
Straw  plait,  and  a  considerable  export  trade.  It  is  the  seat 
of  the  superior  courts  of  law  for  Orkney.     Pop.  3434. 

Kirk'wood,  a  post-village  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  on 
the  Delaware  Railroad,  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Wilmington. 


Kirkwood  (formerly  Young  America),  a  post-vii. 
lago  of  Warren  co..  111.,  in  Tompkins  townshij),  on  th« 
Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quipcy  Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of 
Monntuuth.  It  has  6  churches,  2  banks,  a  newspa])er  offlee, 
and  a  fluur-mill.     Pop.  1145. 

Kirkwood,  a  ]>ost-oQico  of  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa,  i 
miles  K.  of  Centreville. 

Kirkwood,  a  post-office  of  Madison  oo.,  Miss. 

Kirkwood,  a  post-village  of  St.  Louis  oo..  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Carondel«t 
Blanch,  12  miles  W.  by  S.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  9  ohuroh«i, 
a  town  hall,  public  schools,  the  Keeley  Institute,  anduana- 
factures  of  cartridge-belts.     Pop.  in  1S90,  1777. 

Kirkwood,  a  p»st-hamlet  of  Camden  co.,  N.J.,  on  tbit 
Camden  >fc  Atlantic  Railroad,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Camden. 

Kirkwood,  a  post-village  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Kirkwood  township,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on 
the  Erie  Railroad,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Binghamton.  It  has  » 
church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1379. 

Kirkwood,  a  township  of  Belmont  co.,  0.  Pop.  1791 
It  contains  Sewellsville. 

Kirkwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  0.,  on  th* 
Miami  River,  and  on  the  Dayton  &,  Michigan  Railroad,  at 
Pontiac  Station,  6  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Sidney. 

Kirkwood,  a  post-hamlet  in  Colerain  township,  Lan> 
caster  co..  Pa.,  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Lancaster  City,  and 
2  miles  from  Kings  Bridge  Station.     It  has  3  churches. 

Kirkwood,  a  station  in  Sauk  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago 
&  Northwestern  Railroad,  3  miles  W,  of  Baraboo. 

Kirkwood  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Erie  Railroad,  5  miles  E.S.E.  of  Binghamton. 

Kirk-Yetholin,  a  village  of  Scotland.    See  Yktholm. 

Kirman,  a  province  and  city  of  Persia.    See  Kkrjian. 

Kirnianshah,orKirnian8haw.   SeeKEiiMA.NsiuH. 

Kirn,  kecRn,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  40  miles  S.  of 
Coblentz,  on  the  Nahe.     Pop.  3514. 

Kirn,  kSrn,  a  watering-place  of  Scotland,  in  ArgyleshirSi 
on  the  Firth  of  Clyde,  25  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Glasgow. 

Ki'ron,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co.,  Iowa. 

Kirone,  kl-rOn',  a  town. of  Nepaul,  on  the  route  from 
Khatmandoo  to  the  Brahmapootra.     Pop.  about  40U0. 

Kirpelee,  or  Kirpili,  kceii'pe-lee,  written  also  Kir- 
pelei,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the'  Caucasus,  flowt 
W.N.W.,  and  loses  itself  in  a  marshy  lake  on  the  bordon 
of  the  Sea  of  Azof.     Total  course,  about  120  miles. 

Kirrdorf,  keen'doRf,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Ileuftt 
Nassau,  near  Homburg-vor-der-llohe.     Pop.  1711. 

Kirrea,  Chinese  Toorkistan.    See  Kiria. 

Kirriemuir,  kir're-mur,  or  Killamuir,  kil'Ia-mnr, 
a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.  and  5  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  For- 
far.  The  town,  finely  situated  between  the  Grampians  and 
the  Vale  of  Strathmore,  has  handsome  churches,  a  trades' 
hall,  numerous  schools,  a  branch  bank,  and  about  2U00 
looms  employed  in  weaving  linen,  sheeting,  and  dowlas. 
In  the  vicinity  is  Inverquharity  Castle.     Pop.  4145. 

Kirrlach.  keeu'liK,  a  village  of  Baden,  circle  of  Lower 
Rhine,  bailiwick  of  Philipsburg.     Pop.  1873. 

Kirrweiler,  keeu'*i'l§r,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  in  the 
Palatinate,  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Speyer.     Pop.  1507. 

Kirsanov,  or  Kirsanow,  kceR-s&-nov',  a  town  of 
Russia,  44  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Tambov.     Pop.  7203. 

Kirscliatsch,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Kir/.iiatcm. 

Kirschnerville,  kirsh'n§r-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewii 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  30  miles  E.  of  Watertown. 

Kir-Shehr,  kcer-shdh'r'  (anc.  Andrapa),  a  town  of 
Asia  Minor,  near  its  centre,  on  an  affluent  of  the  KiziU 
Irmak,  60  miles  N.AV,  of  Kaisarecyeh.     Pop.  about  .'JJUO. 

Kirt'land,  a  post-village  of  Lake  co.,  0.,  in  Kirtland 
township,  on  an  affluent  of  Chagrin  River,  about  22  miles 
N.E.  of  Cleveland.  It  was  formerly  occupied  by  the  Mor- 
mons, who  built  a  temple  here  about  1836.  It  contains  3 
churches,  a  high  school,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.  Pop.  about  300; 
of  the  township,  1029. 

Kir'wee',  a  town  of  India,  North-AVest  Provinces,  di- 
vision Allahabad.     Pop.  6S54. 

Kir'win,  a  post-village  of  Phillips  co.,  Kansas,  in  Kir- 
win  township,  on  the  North  Fork  of  the  Solomon  River, 
about  60  miles  W.  of  Jewell  Centre.  It  contains  a  United 
States  land-office,  2  hotels,  a  flour-mill,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  2  drug-stores.  Pop.  in  ISUO,  689;  of  the  township, 
1180.  It  is  on  the  Central  Branch  Union  Pacific  Railroad, 
8  miles  W.  of  Cedarville. 

Kirzhatch,  Kirjatch,  kciiR-zh&tch',  or  Kir« 
schatsch,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  60  uiilof 
W.  of  Vladimeer,  on  the  Kirzhatch.     Pop.  2851. 

Kis,ki8h,  a  Hungarian  word,  signifying  "little," joined 
to  various  names,  as  Kis-Ka:<isa,  Kis-Je.no,  ito. 


KIS 


1565 


KIT 


Kisamos,  kis'4-mos\  a  bay  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  the 
island  of  Crete,  lat.  35'  38'  N.,  Ion.  23°  38'  E.,  having  Cape 
Spada  on  the  E.  and  Cape  Buso  on  the  W. 

KisuinoSj  a  fortified  maritime  town  of  Crete,  on  its 
I  N.  coast,  on  the  Bay  of  Kisamos,  18  miles  W.  of  Khania. 
'  B.  of  it  are  the  ruins  of  ancient  Ci/samua. 
'      Kisariah,  a  town  of  Palestine.    See  C^sarea. 

Kis-Becskerek,     kish-baitch^ki-rSk',    or     Little 
Becskerek,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  10  miles  N.W. 
I  of  Teiuosvar.     Pop.  3063. 

Kis>Ber,  kish-bain',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  22 
miles  S.E.  of  Komorn.     Pop.  2120. 

Kisclienew,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Kishexev. 

Ki'ser,  a  station  in  Bourbon  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Kentucky 
Central  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Paris. 

Kis-Gyor,  kish-dyou',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Borsod,  4  miles  from  Harsany.     Pop.  1620. 

Kisli^acoquil'las,  a  post-office  of  Mifflin  co..  Pa.,  on 
a  creek  of  its  own  name,  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lowistown. 
Kishacoquillas  Valley  is  20  miles  long,  and  lies  between 
Jack's  Mountain  and  Stone  Mountain.  Kishacoquillas 
Crekk  flows  into  the  Juniata  River  near  Lewistown. 

Kis-Harta,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Harta. 

Kishcna^ur,  a  town  of  Bengal.     See  Krishnuggur. 

Kishenev,  Kichenev,  Kischenew,  kish^?-n4v',  or 
Kichinef,  a  town  of  Russia,  capital  of  Bessarabia,  on  the 
Bulk,  85  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Odessa.  It  stands  on  three 
hills,  and  has  14  churches,  a  gymnasium,  public  schools,  a 
government  library,  and  extensive  woollen-cloth-  and  other 
factories.     It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  130,000. 

Kishenghur,  kish^§n-giir',  a  town  of  India,  in  Bun- 
delcund,  100  miles  S.E.  of  Jhansee, 

.  Kishenghur,  a  town  of  India,  in  Rajpootana,  capital 
of  a  dominion  of  about  724  square  miles,  60  miles  S.W,  of 
Jeypoor,  and  enclosed  by  walls.     Pop.  of  state,  80,000. 

Kishengunga,  kish-Sn-gfln'ga,  a  river  of  Asia,  rises 
near  lat.  34°  20'  N.  and  Ion.  76°  e!,  flows  S.W.,  and  joins 
the  Jhylum  after  a  course  of  about  120  miles. 

Kishm,  klshm,  or  Kish'ma  (anc.  Oarac'ta),  the  largest 
island  in  the  Persian  Gulf,  near  its  entrance,  15  miles  S.W. 
of  Orraus,  and  surrounded  by  many  smaller  islands.  Length, 
70  miles;  average  breadth,  12  miles.  Estimated  pop.  5000, 
chiefly  Arabs.    The  island  belongs  to  the  Imam  of  Muscat. 

Kishm,  or  Kishma,  the  capital  of  the  above  island, 
on  its  E.  side,  is  rudely  fortified,  and  the  residence  of  a 
sheikh.  Its  markets  are  well  supplied,  and  it  has  some 
•hip-building,  and  a  brisk  coasting-trade. 

Kishniighur,  a  town  of  India.    See  Krishnuggur. 

Kisli'on,  a  river  of  Palestine,  rises  in  Anti-Libanus, 
flows  N.W.  through  the  plain  of  Esdraelon,  and  enters  the 
Mediterranean  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Acre. 

■  Kis-Ilont,  Hungary.     See  Gomor  and  Kis-Hont. 

'  Kislioregunge,kish'o-re-gunj',orKisoriganj,kis*- 
0»r9-gunj',  a  town  of  Bengal,  Mymunsingh  district.  Lat. 
24°  26'  20"  N. ;  Ion.  90°  48'  40"  E.     Pop.  13,637. 

Kishwaukee,  kish-wah'ke  or  kish-wah-kee',  a  station 
in  Hartland  township,  McIIenry  co.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  &, 
Northwestern  Railroad,  56  miles  N.W.  of  Chicago. 

Kishwaukee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Winnebago  co..  III.,  on 
Rock  River,  near  the  Kishwaukee,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Rockford. 

Kishwaukee  River,  Illinois,  rises  in  McIIenry  co., 
runs  W.  through  Boone  co.,  and  enters  Rock  River  in  Win- 
nebago CO.,  8  miles  below  Rockford.  It  is  75  miles  long. 
An  afiluent  called  South  Kishwaukee  runs  N.W.  through 
De  Kalb  co.,  and  enters  the  Kishwaukee  in  Winnebago  co., 
8  miles  S.E.  of  Rockford. 

■  Kiska,  kis'ki,  an  island  of  the  Aleutian  Archipelago. 
Lat.  52°  22'  N.;  Ion.  177°  50'  W.     Length,  25  miles. 

Kis'katom,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  10 
miles  AV.  of  Catskill,  and  near  the  E.  base  of  the  Catskill 
Mountains.     It  has  a  church. 

'  Kiskiminetas,or  Kiskiminitas,  kis-ke-min'^-tas, 
a  river  of  Pennsylvania,  formed  by  the  Conemaugh  River 
and  Loyalhanna  Creek,  which  unite  at  Saltsburg,  Indiana 
C3.  It  runs  northwestward,  and  forms  the  boundary  between 
the  cos.  of  Armstrong  and  Westmoreland,  until  it  enters 
the  Alleghany  River  at  Freeport.  It  traverses  a  fertile 
country,  in  which  bituminous  coal  abounds. 

Kiskiminetas,  a  post-office  of  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.,  on 
Kiskiminetas  River,  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  oppo- 
site Northwest  SUtion  on  the  AVestern  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road, 22  miles  S.  of  Kittanning.     Pop.  of  township,  1728. 

Kis>Koros,  kish-ko'rosh',  a  town  of  Hungary,  25  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Felegyhaza.  It  produces  a  good  wine.  Pop.  8708. 
'   Kis-Kunsag,  a  district  of  Hungary.    See  Cumania. 
'  Kis-Leta,  kish-14't6h\  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Siabclcz,  6  miles  from  Bathor.     Pop.  1350. 


Kisliar,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia.     See  Kizliar. 

Kis-Lonka,  kish-lon'koh,  a  village  of  Hungary,  oo. 
of  Marmaros,  on  the  Theiss,  6  miles  from  Szigeth. 

Kislovodosk,  Kislowodosk,  kis-lo-vo-dosk',  or 
Kislovodsk,  kis-lo-vodsk',  a  Russian  watering-place  ia 
the  Caucasus,  30  miles  S.S.W.  of  Georgievsk. 

Kis«Maria,  kish-miVee'Sh*,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co. 
of  Bihar,  about  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Debreczin. 

Kis-Martony,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Eisenstad*. 

Kismayoo,  kis^mi-yoo',  an  island  of  East  Africa,  lat. 
0°  44'  S.,  with  a  village  on  its  N.N.W,  side. 

Kis-Rebra,  a  village  of  Austria.    See  Rebrisora. 

Kis'see  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Taney  co..  Mo.,  about  50 
miles  from  Springfield.     It  has  a  mill  and  a  store. 

Kisser,  or  Kissa,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Gisseh. 

Kis^simmee'  (or  Kis'sinee')  River,  Florida,  rises 
in  a  lake  of  the  same  name,  in  Brevard  co.,  runs  in  a 
S.S.E.  direction,  and  enters  the  N.  end  of  Lake  Okeechobee. 
Length,  nearly  90  miles.     The  lake  is  about  12  miles  long. 

Kissingen,  kis'sing-en,  a  town  and  watering-place  of 
Bavaria,  on  the  Saale,  30  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  WUrzburg. 
Pop.  3471.  It  has  noted  springs  of  saline-chalybeate 
water,  of  which  500,000  bottles  are  annually  exported ;  ad- 
jacent to  these  are  a  pump-room,  baths,  and  a  colonnade. 
Salt  is  procured  near  it. 

Kis'singer's,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co.,  Pa. 

Kissovo,  a  mountain  of  Thessaly.    See  Ossa. 

Kist'nagher'ry,  a  town  and  fort  of  India,  presidency 
of  Madras,  60  miles  N.  of  Salem. 

Kist'nah,  Kist'na,  or  Krish'na,  a  river  of  India, 
in  the  Deccan,  rises  in  the  W.  Ghauts,  near  lat.  18°  N.,  Ion, 
74°  E.,  flows  E.  through  the  territories  of  Sattarah,  thd 
Nizam,  and  the  British  presidencies  of  Bombay  and  Madras-, 
and  enters  the  ocean  by  several  mouths,  in  lat.  15°  50'  N., 
Ion.  81°  E.  Length,  600  miles.  It  receives  some  largo 
tributaries,  as  the  Beemah  and  Toombuddra;  but,  as  it  trav- 
erses a  mountainous  region,  it  is  ill  adapted  to  navigation. 
It  has  two  annual  inundations,  and  its  waters  are  utilized 
by  extensive  irrigation-works. 

Kiszueza  Ujhely,  the  Hungarian  for  Neustadtl. 

Kit  Car'soii,  an  E.  county  of  Colorado,  has  an  area 
of  2150  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Big  Sandy 
Creek,  and  traversed  by  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad.  Capi- 
tal, Burlington.     Pop.  in  1890,  2472. 

Kit  Carson's  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  of  the 
Sungre  de  Cristo  Range,  in  the  S.  part  of  the  state.  It  has 
an  altitude  of  14,100  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Kitch'ing's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Aiken  co.,  S.C. 

Kit'ley,  a  post-office  of  Summer  co.,  Kansas. 

Killey,  Ontario.    See  Toledo. 

Kit'sap,  a  small  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Washington. 
Area,  392  square  miles.  It  is  a  peninsula  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  Admiralty  Inlet,  on  the  S.  and  S.E.  by  Puget  Sound, 
and  on  the  N.W.  by  Hood's  Canal,  These  waters  are  navi- 
gable for  large  vessels,  and  att'ord  facilities  for  trade  and 
the  fisheries.  The  surface  is  mostly  covered  with  forests.' 
Lumber  is  the  chief  article  of  export.  Capital,  Port  Madi- 
son.    Pop.  in  1880,  1738  ;  in  1890,  4624. 

Kittan'ning,  township,  Armstrong  co..  Pa.     P.  1393. 

Kittanning,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Armstrong  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  tha 
Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  44  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 
The  site  is  a  plain  or  "  bottom"  near  the  base  of  high  hills. 
Kittanning  contains  8  churches,  a  court-house,  a  national 
bank,  1  other  bank,  4  newspaper-offices,  a  brewery,  a  flour- 
mill,  2  foundries,  <fec.     Pop.  in  1880,  2624 ;  in  1890,  .3095.^ 

Kittanning  Point,  a  post-office  of  Blair  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  at  the  Great  Horse-Shoe  Bend, 
5  miles  W.  of  Altoona. 

Kit'tatinny  (or  Blue)  Mountain,  a  long  mountain- 
ridge  of  Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey,  is  a  portion  of  the 
Appalachian  system.  It  extends  from  Orange  co.,  N.Y.y 
southwestward  through  Sussex  and  Warren  cos.  of  New 
Jersey.  The  part  which  is  in  Pennsylvania  forms  the 
boundary  between  the  cos.  of  Monroe,  Carbon,  and  Schuylkill 
on  the  N.W.  side,  and  Northampton,  Lehigh,  and  Berks  on 
the  other  side.  The  Delaware  River  passes  through  a  very 
picturesque  gorge  in  this  ridge  at  the  Delaware  Water  Gap. 
The  Kittatinny  Mountain  is  characterized  by  an  almost 
level  crest  and  an  even  outline  without  sharp  peaks  or  very 
lofty  summits.  The  highest  points  rise  probably  about 
2400  feet  above  the  tide.  This  ridge  is  composed  of  strati- 
fied rocks  of  the  Silurian  age,  mostly  of  Medina  sandstone 
and  Oneida  conglomerate.  Parnell's  Knob,  in  Franklin 
CO.,  Pa.,  is  considered  the  S.W.  termination  of  this  ridge. 

Kittery,  kit'ter-§,  a  post-village  of  York  eo.,  Me.,  on 
the  Piscataqua  River,  opposite  Portsmouth,  N.H.,  and  od 


KIT 


1566 


KLE 


th«  PortAiBouth,  Suco  A  Portlund  lUilrond,  about  4  uiilox 
.Aropi  the  AUunlio  Oooan.  It  ii  in  Kittery  tovriishi)),  whioli 
forms  the  S.W.  oxtretuity  of  Maine,  and  is  61  uiiles  S.W. 
of  Portland.  It  is  mainly  supported  by  i<hip-building,  flsh- 
#rios,  and  ibo  ouimtiug-triulo.  iloru  id  a,  UnitoU  SttUco  nHvy- 
yard.     Tliu  luwu^liip  bad  7  uburuheti,  and  u  pop.  of  A'Mli. 

I^idery  Depots  a  po!>t-otlioe  of  York  oo.,  Ale,  on  tho 
Plsoatuqua  Utvor,  und  un  tho  I'ortsmoutb,  Sivoo  &  Portlund 
JKailroad,  about  1  uiilo  N.  l>f  Portsinuuth. 

KiUery  Point*  a  po^t-village  of  York  co.,  Mo.,  in 
Kittvry  township,  un  tho  AtUntio  Ouonn,  at  the  luuuth  of 
tho  Piscataqua  liivor,  about  3  miles  E.  by  X.  of  I'ortouiouth. 

Kit'(ita«,  a  county  uf  Washington.  Area,  3H44  square 
miles.     Capital,  lillen^burg.     Pop.  in  1890,  8777. 

KiUoc'tau  Creekt  Virginia,  runs  N.W.  in  Loudoun 
410.,  and  cnterj  the  Fotuiuao  near  the  Point  of  Hooks. 

Kit'trellf  a  port-villago  ami  watering-place  of  Gran- 
ville CO.,  N  C,  on  the  Italeigh  &  Unston  Uailruad,  36  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Ilaleigh.  It  has  3  ohurohes,  a  fuuialo  seminary, 
a  superior  hotel,  4  tobaeoo-fautories,  und  a  mineral  spring, 
j^op.  of  Kittreli  township,  1829. 

Kitt'aoUt  a  county  of  Minnesota,  bordering  on  Mani- 
toba, is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  lied  Kiver  of  the  North, 
^rea,  2245  square  miles.  The  surface  is  nearly  level.  The 
Boil  is  fertile.  It  is  traver.'^ed  by  tlie  Great  Northern  Iliiil- 
road.    Capital,  Ilallook.    Pop.  in  1880,  905  j  in  1890,  o387. 

Kitt'9,  St.,  West  Indies.    See  Saint  CHHiSTOPUGit. 
V  Kitty  Hawk)  a  post-office  of  Currituck  90.,  N.C,  and 
a  signal-station  on  the  Atlantic  coast. 

KituI,  a  town  of  India.    See  Kythul. 

Kitzbiihel,  kits'bU'^l,  or  Kitzbihel,  kits'bce^^l,  a 
town  of  Austria,  in  the  Tyrol,  on  the  Grossach,  47  miles 
p.N.E.  of  Innspruck.     Pop.  1775. 

Kitzingen,  kit'sing^^n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
Main,  11  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Wiirzburg.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  vinegar,  leather,  and  printers'  ink.     Pop.  6393. 

Kitzmil'lersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Garrett  co.,  Md., 
yn  the  North  Branch  of  the  Potomac,  8  miles  from  Wilson's 
Station.     It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  woollon-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Kiu-Kiang,  in  China.    See  Kioo-Kiamq. 

Kiung-Chu-Fu,atownof  China.    See  Kioxq-Cboo. 

KiU'SiUj  an  island  of  Japan.    See  Kioo-Sioo. 

Kiutiua«  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Kutaieb. 

Kivyza,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Gbbseii. 

Ki^Yuen,  ki-yoo-in',  or  Khai-Juan,  ki-yoo-in',  a 
tiown  of  Chinese  Manchooria,  province  and  75  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Mookdcn.     Pop.  35,000. 

Hiz-IIissar,  kiz-  (or  keez-)  his'sar',  Kilis-Hissar, 
ke-lees'-his'sar',  or  Kilisa^Hissar,  ke-lee's4-his'sar' 
(anc.  Ti/'aiia),  a  village  of  Asia  Minor,  38  miles  N.E.  of 
^rcglee.  It  haa  tbq  ruins  of  an  aqueduct,  and  massive 
lioman  foundations.  Great  quantities  of  nitre  are  manu- 
factured here,  and  2  miles  distant  is  a  sulphurous  lake, 
supposed  to  bo  the  ancient  Aamaboeus,  sacred  to  Jupiter. 

Kizil-Irmak,  kiz'il-ir'm&k  (Turk.  pron.  kiz'iP-eea^- 
pi&k';  anc.  Ha'li/n),  or  the  "lied  lliver,"  the  principal 
river  of  Asia  Minor,  rises  by  many  heads  in  tho  centre  of 
that  peninsula,  flows  N.,  and  enters  the  Black  Sea  S.E.  of 
^inopo.  Liongth,  520  miles.  In  antiquity  it  separated  the 
jiydian  and  Persian  dominions.  Principal  atUuent,  the 
Kara-Soo  or  Kixstamoonee  River. 

KiziUah  3Iasa  Tagh,  tho  Turkish  name  of  Tmo).tts. 

Kizii-Koom,  Hizil-Kouin,  orKizil-Kum,  kiz'- 
]l-koom,  an  extensive  sandy  desert  of  Asia,  E.  of  Lake 
Aral,  in  Russian  Toorkistan,  between  lat.  41°  and  44°  N. 
and  Ion.  61°  and  67°  E. 

Kizil-Oozen,  Kizil-Ouzen,  or  Kizil-Uzcn, 
^iz'il-oo'zdn  (anc.  Amar'dua,  or  Mar'diis),  a  river  of  Persia, 
province  of  Irak-Ajemee,  joins  the  Ze^jan  near  Mianna  to 
form  the  Sefeed  Rood. 

Kizliar,  or  KizUar«  kiz'le-ar',  written  also  Kisliar, 
a  fortified  town  of  Russia,  Caucasus,  in  the  Terek  district, 
on  the  Terek,  50  miles  W.  of  its  mouth  in  the  Caspian.  It 
bos  manufactures  of  silk  and  cotton  fabrios,  aqd  an  active 
traile  in  wine.     Pop.  9176. 

Kjerteminde)  ke-iii'tgh-min'd^h  or  kyfiR't?h-min'- 
d^b,  a  town  of  Denmark,  on  a  small  bay  on  the  N.E.  side  of 
the  island  of  Funen,  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Odense.     P.  2274. 

Kjobenhavn,  a  city  of  Denmark.    See  Copexhagkn. 

Kjdge,  or  Kioge,  ke-o'ghfh,  a  town  of  Denmark,  on 
the  E.  shore  of  tho  island  of  Seeland,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Co- 
penhagen. It  is  the  terminus  of  ttvo  railways.  The  bay 
nas  good  anchorage.     Pop.  3097. 

Hjoleii,  a  mountain  of  Scandinavia.     See  Kiolex. 

KInarwater,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  GniguA  Tow.v. 

Klabat,  kid-bit',  a  volcano,  4000  feet  high,  in  Celebes, 
Bear  Menodo.    Near  it  is  a  village  of  the  same  name. 


Kladno,  kl&d'no,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  16  miloi  by  rail 
W.N.W.  of  Prague.  Pop.  10,707.  It  bai  iron-works  ud 
minus  of  iron  and  coal. 

Kladrau,  kli'drfiw,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  17  milu 
W.S.W.  of  Pilsen.     Pop.  1250. 

Klagcnl'urth,  or  Clageiifurth,  kl&'gh^n-fooRt', 
sometimes  oallod  Zclauz,  tsi'l&nta,  a  town  of  Austri:i, 
capital  of  Carinthia,  on  the  Glan,  at  a  railway  junction,  41 
miles  N.  of  Luybaoh.  Pop.  15,285.  It  is  well  built,  und 
its  fortifications  have  been  replaced  by  a  hundsomo  prumo- 
nade.  Principal  edifices,  a  fine  residence  of  the  lii.sbop  «f 
Gurk,  with  rich  galleries  of  art,  a  cathedral  and  other 
churches,  an  old  castle,  the  hall  of  the  Carinthian  assciubly, 
an  edifice  of  the  fourteenth  century,  a  market-placo,  and 
numerous  charitable  institutions.  In  one  of  its  squares  is  a 
statue  of  Maria  Theresa.  It  is  the  seat  of  tho  court  of 
appeal  fur  the  government,  and  iias  a  gymnasium,  a  normal 
suliool,  and  a  realschule,  extensive  woollen-  and  whitc-lead- 
faotorics,  manufactures  of  silk  fabrics,  and  a  largo  trade. 

Klamath  (kl&'mutor  kl&'mut'b)  Agency,  a  pust-uffiM 
of  Klamath  Co.,  Oregon.     Here  is  tin  ImliHu  agency. 

Klamath  Lake,  Oregon,  is  at  the  £.  base  of  the  Cat- 
cade  Range,  and  extends  across  the  S.  boundary  of  the 
state  into  Siskiyou  co.  of  California.  The  S.  ])art,  called 
Lower  Klamath  Lake,  is  connected  with  the  N.  by  a  nar- 
row strait  scarcely  2  miles  wide.  The  lake  is  about  44 
miles  lung,  and  14  miles  wide  near  the  N.  end.  The  sur- 
plus water  is  discharged  by  the  Klamath  River,  whiob 
issues  from  the  Lower  Lake. 

Klamath  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Siskiyou  co.,  Cal. 

Klamath  River  rises  in  the  S.  part  of  Oregon,  and 
flows  into  Klamath  Lake.  It  issues  from  tho  Lower  Kla- 
math Lake,  and  runs  southwcstward  into  Siskiyou  cu., 
Cal.  It  intersects  Dei  Norte  co.,  and  runs  south  westward 
to  the  mouth  of  Trinity  River.  Bolow  this  point  it  flows 
northwestward,  and  enters  the  Pacific  Ocean  in  Del  Norte 
CO.  Length,  275  miles.  It  traverses  a  mountainous  region, 
and  runs  in  a  deep  and  narrow  canon.  Gold  is  found  neoi 
this  river.    A  bar  at  its  mouth  obstructs  the  navigation. 

Klapa  (or  Klapp)  Island,  Java.    See  Cocoa-Nut. 

Klar,  klan,  a  river  of  Norway,  rises  in  the  province 
of  South  Trondhjeni,  forms  Lako  Fiemund,  flows  S.S.E, 
through  Iledemark,  under  the  name  of  Tyrsild,  enters  the 
province  of  Carlstad,  where  it  takes  the  name  of  Klar,  and 
falls  by  three  mouths  into  the  N.  part  of  Lake  Wener,  after 
a  course  of  about  200  miles. 

Klareutza,  kl&-rint'sd,  Chiarentza,  ke-&-rSnt'8&, 
or  Chiaren'za  (anc.  GyUe'ne),  a  seaport,  village,  and 
jnountain-fortress  of  Greece,  nt  the  W.  extremity  of  the 
Morea,  near  Cape  Klarentza,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Z.ante. 

Klasteretz,  a  village  of  Bohemia.    See  Ki^ostehle. 

Klattau,  kl4t'tdw,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  an  aflluent 
of  tho  Beraun,  68  miles  S.W.  of  Prague.  Pop.  8067.  It 
has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth  and  stockings,  a  gymna 
siuin,  a  fine  church,  a  high  school,  and  2  hospitals. 

Klausenburg,  klow'z^n-bodno',  or  Kolosvar,  ko'- 
IcshVAn',  a  city,  capital  of  the  county  of  the  same  name, 
in  Transylvania,  on  the  Szamos,  and  on  a  railway,  72  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Ilerraannstadt.  Pop.  26,382.  It  consists  of 
old  and  now  towns.  It  has  a  citadel  and  several  suburbs, 
a  cathedral,  Roman  Catholic,  Calvinist,  Unitarian,  and 
Lutheran  churches,  tho  town  hall,  military  and  <other  hos 
pitals,  and  some  private  palaces.  It  was  the  seat  of  the 
Transylvania  Diets,  and  has  a  university  founded  in  1872,  a 
museum  of  antiquities,  Roman  Catholic,  Reformed,  and 
Unitarian  colleges,  Piarist  and  other  monasteries,  and  man- 
ufactures of  woollen  cloths,  china-ware,  and  ])aper.  The 
county  of  Klausenburg  has  an  area  of  1940  square  miles. 
Pop,  202,263. 

Klausthal,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Clausthal. 

KIcck'ncrsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northampton  00, 
Pa.,  1  mile  from  Chapman,  and  13  miles  N.  of  Allentuwn. 
It  has  a  slate-quarry  and  a  manufactory  of  mantels. 

Klecko,  kldk'ko,  Kletsk,  or  Kiosk,  a  town  of  Prus- 
sia, 2C  miles  N.E.  of  Posen.     Pop.  1843. 

Kleczewo,  kli-ch4'vo,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland, 
government  of  Kalisz,  38  miles  N.W.  of  Kolo.    Pop.  1  lUO. 

Klein  Eiger,  a  mountain  of  Switzerland.    See  Mo.vcu. 

Klein  £mmen,  a  river  of  Switzerland.    See  Emmbx. 

Kleiuenberg,  kli'n^n-bSiio',  a  village  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  40  miles  S.  of  Minden.     Pop.  1150. 

Kleinfeltersville,  kl(n'folt-?rz-vIl,  a  post-bainlet  of 
Lebanon  co.,  Pa.,  in  Heidelberg  township,  about  22  wiles 
W.  of  Reading.     It  has  2  stores  and  a  mill. 

Kleinitz,  kll'nits,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia,  50 
milps  N.  by  W.  of  Liegnitz.  It  has  manufactures  of  oil 
and  lime.    Pop.  1892. 


K-LIB 


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vjfir 


Klein  Ostheim,  kline  ost'hime,  a  village  of  Bavaria, 
on  tlio  Main,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Asoliaffenburg.     Pop.  1165. 

Klein's,  klinz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  Perkiouien  Railroad,  at  or  near  Frederick  Station,  7 
miles  N.  of  Collegeville. 

Kleinschlatten,  tiie  German  for  Zalathna. 

Kleinzerbst,  a  town  of  Saxony.    See  Zoubio. 

Kleissoura,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Klissura. 

Klentsch,  or  Klencz,  klSntch,  a  town  of  Bohemia, 
21  miles  W.  of  Klattau.     Pop,  1300. 

Klestchino-Ozero,  Russia.    See  Plescheievo. 

Kleszel,  klSsh'^l,  or  Kleschtscheli,  klesh-chel'?,  a 
town  of  Russia,  in  Grodno,  42  miles  S.  of  Bialystok. 

Klevan,  kI4-vin',  a  river  of  Russia,  which  rises  on  the 
8.W.  frontier  of  the  government  of  Orel,  flows  S.W.  between 
the  governments  of  Koursk  and  Czernigov,  and  joins  the 
gem.     Length,  90  miles. 

Kleve,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia.     See  Cleves. 

Kliasma,  or  Kliazina,  kle  ii'mi,  a  river  of  Russia, 
governments  of  Moscow  and  Vladimeer,  rises  near  Klin, 
flows  E.  350  miles,  and  joins  the  Oka  at  Gorbatov. 

Klikitat,  klik'§-tat,  a  small  river  of  Washington,  rises 
in  the  Cascade  Ranffe,  ift  Skamania  co.,  runs  southeastward 
»nd  southward  in  Klikitat  co.,  and  enters  the  Columbia 
River  about  13  miles  below  Dalles  City. 

Klikitat,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Washington,  bor- 
ders on  Oregon.  Area,  about  2176  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Columbia  River,  and  is  partly 
drained  by  the  Klikitat  River.  The  surface  is  diversified 
■with  mountains,  forests,  and  prairies.  At  the  N.W.  corner 
ef  the  county  stands  Mount  Adams,  a  peak  of  the  Cascade 
Range.  Wheat,  barley,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products. 
Capital,  Goldendale.     Pop.  in  1880,  4055;  in  1890,  5167. 

Klimovitchi,  or  Klimowitschi,  kle-mo-vitch'ee.  a 
town  of  Russia,  70  miles  E.S.E.  of  Moheelev.     Pop.  2010. 

Klin,  kleen,  a  town  of  Russia,  40  miles  by  rail  N.N.W. 
of  Moscow,  on  the  Sestra,  with  a  palace.     Pop.  6643. 

Klineburg,  klin'burg,  a  post-village  in  York  oo.,  On- 
tario, on  the  Humber  River,  and  on  the  Toronto,  Grey  & 
Bruce  Railway,  21i  miles  N.W.  of  Toronto.  It  has  a  tan- 
aery,  a  grist-mill,  3  saw-mills,  a  stave-factory,  3  hotels,  and 
6  stores.     Pop.  400. 

Kline's  (klinz)  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pen- 
dleton CO.,  W.  Va. 

Kline's  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Northumberland  co.. 
Pa.,  on  the  Danville,  Hazleton  «fc  Wilkesbarre  Railroad;  8 
miles  S.W.  of  Danville.  It  has  an  academy,  a  church,  a 
flour-mill,  and  2  saw-mills. 

Klinesville,  klinz' vil,  a  hamlet  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J., 
in  llaritan  township,  3  miles  from  Flomington. 

Klinesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  oo.,  Ps.,  about  20 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Reading. 

Klingenthal,  kling'?n-t5.r,  a  village  of  Saxony,  13 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Plauen.     Pop.  2563. 

Kling'erstown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa., 
about  24  miles  S.  of  Danville. 

Klingnau,  kling'now,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Aargau,  on  the  Aar,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Aarau.     Pop.  1216. 

Klintsy,  or  Klintzy,  klint'sce,  a  town  of  Russia,  in 
Chernigov,  17  miles  S.S.W.  of  Soorazh.     Pop.  5576. 

Klissura,  klis-soo'ri,  or  Kleissoura,  a  town  of  Al- 
bania, on  the  Voyussa,  40  miles  E.  of  Avlona.     Pop.  1500. 

Kliuchi,  a  village  of  Russia.     See  Zlatoosk. 

Kliutch,  or  Kliuch,  kle-ooeh',  a  town  of  Bosnia,  30 
miles  S.W.  of  Banialooka.  Population  mostly  Turks.  It 
has  a  strong  fortress,  and  a  mart  for  horses. 

Klobauk,  klo'bowk,  atown  of  Moravia, 21  miles  E.N.E. 

Hradisch.     Pop.  2560. 

Klobucko,  klo-book'ko,  a  town  of  Poland,  province 
70  miles  S.E.  of  Kalisz,  with  2000  inhabitants. 
'Klodava,  or  Klodawa,  klo-dU'vA,  a  town  of  Poland, 
province  and  90  miles  W.  of  Warsaw.     Pop.  2060. 

Klodzko,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Glatz. 

Kloetinge,  kloo'ting-n§h,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
Zealand,  in  South  Beveland,  S.E.  of  Goes.     Pop.  1026. 

Kloman,  Michigan.    See  English. 

Klontlial,  a  lake  of  Switzerland.     See  Closthal. 

Kloosterburen,  klOs't^r-bii^ren,  a  village  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, in  Groningen,  21  miles  W.N.W.  of  Appingedam. 

Kioppenburg,  klop'p^n-boSno^  a  town  of  Germany, 
19  miles  S.S.W.  of  Oldenburg.     Pop.  1671. 

Kl5sterle,  klos'ter-leh,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  16  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Saatz,  on  the'Eger.     Pop.  2902. 

Klosterneuburg,  klos-t^r-noi'boSRO,  a  manufactur- 
ing town  of  Lower  Austria,  6  miles  from  Vienna.     P.  5330. 

Klosters,  klos't^rs,  a  village  and  parish  of  Switzerland, 
in  Grisons,  on  the  Landquart,  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Chur. 


Kloster-Seitz,  a  village  of  Austria.    See  Seitz. 

Kloten,  klo't^n,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  6 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Zurich.     Pop.  1450. 

KIdtze,  a  village  of  Saxony.    See  Cl(Jtze. 

Klundert,  kliln'dQrt,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  North 
Brabant,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Breda.     Pop.  3175. 

Klus,  kloos  (Inner,  in'n?r,  and  Aeusser,  ois's^r),  a 
town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  10  miles  E.  of  Soleure,  at 
the  N.  extremity  of  the  celebrated  defile  of  the  same  name. 

Klytsch-Nias-Bai,  klitch^-ne*is*-bi',  or  Klytsch- 
Dai,  klitch^-bi',  a  town  of  Asia,  khanat  and  50  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Khiva.     It  contains  a  castle  and  3  mosques. 

Kmielnik,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Chhirlnik. 

Knap  (nap)  of  Reeds,  a  post-hamlet  of  Granville  co., 
N.C,  30  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Raleigh.     It  has  2  churches. 

Knapp,  nap,  a  post-village  of  Dunn  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
West  Wisconsin  Railroad,  37  miles  E.  of  Hudson.  It  has  a 
church  and  several  mills  or  factories. 

Knappa,  nap'pa,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clatsop  co.,  Oregon, 
on  Columbia  River,  about  66  miles  W.  of  Kalama.  Much 
lumber  is  shipped  here. 

Knapp's,  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.  See  North  Stockholm. 

Knapp's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co.,  AVis. 

Knapton,  nap'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pacific  co.,  Wash- 
ington, on  the  Columbia  River,  about  9  miles  N.  of  Astoria, 

Knaresborough,  nairs'biir-riih,  a  borough  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  York,  West  Riding,  3  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Har- 
rogate, and  16  miles  AV.N.W.  of  York.  It  is  picturesquely 
situated  in  the  narrow  valley  of  the  Nidd.  It  has  an  ancient 
parish  church,  numerous  other  places  of  worship,  a  grammar- 
school,  an  endowed  school,  and  massive  remains  of  a  castle 
erected  soon  after  the  Conquest.  The  town  has  also  a  court- 
house, a  market-house,  a  public  library,  a  banking  company, 
and  manufactures  of  linens,  which  have  greatly  declined. 
Not  far  from  the  town  are  the  remains  of  a  priory  of  the 
thirteenth  century,  and  ancient  chapels  hewn  out  of  solid 
rock.  The  borough  sends  two  members  to  Parliament.  Pop. 
5205. 

Knauer's,  naw'^rz,  a  post-office  of  Berks  co..  Pa. 

Knauertown,  naw'^r-town,  a  hamlet  of  Chester  co.. 
Pa.,  in  Warwick  township,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Reading.  It 
has  a  church.     Here  is  St.  Peter's  Post-Office. 

Knawl's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Braxton  co.,  W.  Va. 

Kneass,  ne'as,  a  station  in  Northumberland  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Mahanoy  &  Shamokin  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Hcrndon. 

Kneedler,  need'l^r,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Stony  Creek  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Norristown. 

Kneisley's,  niss'liz,  a  station  in  Greene  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad  and  the  Cleveland,  Co- 
lumbus &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Dayton. 

Kneist,  nlst,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  Iowa.     P.  643. 

Knesselaere,  knfis's^h-li'r^h,  a  village  of  Belgium, 
in  East  Flanders,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  4000. 

Knetzgau,  kn^ta'gow,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  in  Lower 
Franconia,  on  the  Main.     Pop.  1279. 

Kniaginin,  or  Kniaghinin,  knc-4-ghe-neen',  a  town 
of  Russia,  50  miles  S.E.  of  Nizhnee-Novgorod.     Pop.  1608. 

Kniaz,  kne-&z',  sometimes  written  Zid,  zid,  a  lake  of 
Russia,  government  and  100  miles  S.S.E.  of  Minsk. 

Knielingen,  k'neel'ing-^n  or  kneel'ing-§n,  a  vilhige 
of  Baden,  on  the  Rhine,  3  miles  W.N.W.  of  Carlsruhe. 

Knife  Fails,  a  post-village  of  Carlton  co.,  Minn.,  on 
the  St.  Louis  River,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Thomson,  with  which 
it  is  connected  by  a  branch  railroad.  It  has  extensive 
manufactures  of  lumber. 

Kniiiin,  nif'fin,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Chicago  <t  Rock  Islaud  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Allerton. 

Knight,  nite,  a  township  of  Vanderburg  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Ohio  River.     Pop.  1342. 

Knighton,  ni'tpn,  or  Tref-y-Clawdd,  tr8v-e- 
klowTH  {i.e.,  "town  on  the  dike"),  a  borough  of  Wales, 
CO.  of  Radnor,  on  a  railway,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  New  Rad- 
nor. It  unites  with  Radnor,  &a.,  in  sending  one  member 
to  the  House  of  Commons.     Pop.  1743. 

Knight's,  California.     See  Grafton. 

Knightsbridge,  nits'brij,  a  W.  suburb  of  the  English 
metropolis,  co.  of  Middlesex,  3i  miles  W.  of  St.  Paul's,  Lon- 
don. It  has  a  beautiful  church,  and  the  Albert  Gate  at  the 
entrance  to  Hyde  Park.     Pop.  7759. 

Knight's  (nits)  Crossing,  a  station  in  Esse.^co.,  Mass., 
on  the  Eastern  Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of  Newburyport. 

Knight's  Ferry,  a  post-village  of  Stanislaus  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  Stanislaus  River,  38  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Stockton.  It. 
has  water-power  and  a  flouring-mill.  ^^A  bridge  crosses  the 
river  here.     Gold  is  found  near  this  place. 

Knight's  Island,  an  island  of  Alaska,  in  Prince  Wil- 
liam's Sound,  30  miles  long.     Lat.  60°  13'  N.j  Ion.  148°  BL 


KNI 


1668 


KKO 


Knight's  Island^  one  of  the  Sn»res  lalandi,  S.  of  Now 
CMOftiid.    Lat.  eaoN.;  Ion.  930  W. 

Knight's  Island,  mi  Island  in  Lake  St.  Louis,  W.  of 
Lacliiiio,  Quebec. 

Knight's  Island,  in  Canada,  near  the  W.  ooast  of 
Uuilson'g  Bi\y. 
Knight's  Landing,  Yolo  00.,  Cal.    See  Graftox. 
Knight's   Mills,  a  village  in   Smithfield   township, 
Providence  00.,  K.I.,  adjacent  to  Qreenville.     It  has  man- 
ufactures of  cotton  cloth.     Pop.  92. 

Knight's  Prairie,  a  pust-offloe  of  Ilamilton  co.,  111. 

Knight's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Jasper  co.,  Mo.,  on 
tho  Muiiipbis,  Carthage  &  Northwestern  Kailroad,  6  miles 
S.E.  of  Carthage. 

Knights'town,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Ind.,  in 
AVuyno  township,  on  the  Blue  River,  and  on  the  Panhandle 
Railroad,  which  oonnoots  Indianapolis  with  Richmond,  .31 
miles  E.  of  tho  former,  and  34  miles  W.  of  Richmond.  It 
contains  6  churches,  a  national  bank,  3  newspaper  ofiiocs, 
and  the  Knightstown  Academy,  with  a  fine  building.  It  has 
manufactures  of  bagging,  brooms,  burial-caskets,  Hour,  car- 
riages, sash,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  1670;  in  1890,  18fi7. 

Knights'ville,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co.,  Ind.,  in  Van 
Buren  township,  on  the  Terre  Haute  &  Indianapolis  Rail- 
road, 3  miles  E.  of  Brazil,  and  about  18  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Terre  Haute.  It  contains  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  large  rolling-mill,  and  3  blast-furnaces. 
Here  are  rich  mines  of  block  coal,  and  the  works  of  the 
Indiana  Coal  and  Iron  Company.     Pop.  in  1890,  1148. 

Knightsville,  a  post-village  in  Cape  Elizabeth  town- 
ship, Cumberland  co..  Me.,  4  miles  S.  of  Portland. 

Knightsville,  a  village  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  on  the 
Hartford  &  Providence  Railroad,  adjacent  to  Cranston 
Print-Works.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores.     Pop.  245. 

Kniphauscn,  knip'hdw^z^n,  a  castle  of  Qermany,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Jahde,  30  miles  N,  of  Oldenburg.  It 
was  once  capital  of  the  lordship  of  Kniphausen,  the  smallest 
state  in  Europe,  now  a  part  of  Oldenburg. 

KnittelTeld,  knit't^l-fJlt',  a  town  of  Styria,  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  Mur,  32  miles  N.W.  of  Griitz.     Pop.  2018. 

Knittlingen,  knitt'ling-?n,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  26 
iuiles  N.W.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  2543. 

Kiuazewatz,  or  Knjaschewatz,  knyi'zhe-vits,  a 
town  of  Servia,  25  miles  E.  of  Alexinatz.     Pop.  3554. 

Knob,  n6b,  a  post-office  of  Beaver  00.,  Pa.,  about  22 
miles  N.W.  of  Pittsburg. 

Knob,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tazewell  co.,  Va.,  near  Clinch 
Mountain,  37  miles  N.E.  of  Abingdon.     It  has  2  churches. 

Knob  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Cleveland  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  638. 

Knob  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co.,  Tenn. 

Knobel,  no'b^l,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co..  Ark.,  on  the 
Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Corning. 

Knob  Lick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Metcalfe  co.,  Ky.,  97  miles 
6.  of  Louisville.     It  has  several  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 

Knob  Lick,  a  post-village  of  St.  Franjois  co.,  Mo.,  on 
the  St.  Louis  &  Iron  Mountain  Railroad,  95  miles  S.  of  St. 
Louis.     Granite  monuments  are  made  here. 

Knob  IVoun'tain,  Pennsylvania,  in  the  E.N.E.  part 
of  Columbia  co.,  extends  a  short  distance  into  Luzerne. 

Knobnoster,  nob-nos't?r,  a  post-village  of  Johnson 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  tho  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  19  miles  W.  of 
Sedalia,  and  75  miles  E.S.E.  of  Kansas  City.  It  has  a 
national  bank,  6  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Coal  is  mined  near  this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  851. 

Knobs,  nobz,  a  township  of  Yadkin  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  1451. 

Knobsville,  nSbz'vil,  a  post- village  of  Fulton  co.,  Pa., 
In  Tod  township,  about  18  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chambersburg. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Knobview,  nob-vu',  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co.. 
Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  Railroad,  98  miles 
S."\V.  of  St.  Louis.     Pop.  of  Knobview  township,  615. 

Knobville,  nob'vll,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  Ark. 

Knock,  nok,  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  co.  and  11  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Banff  Height,  2500  feet  above  the  sea. 

Knockannahiggen,  Ireland.    See  Binabola. 

Knock'lade,  a  mountain  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Antrim,  2| 
miles  S.  of  Ballyoastlo.     Height,  1695  feet. 

Knock^ma'hon,  a  village  of  Ireland,  00.  of  Water- 
ford,  near  the  Atlantic,  li  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bunmahon. 

Knock^niel'edown  Mountains,  Ireland,  in  Mun- 
Bter,  are  between  tho  cos.  of  Waterford  and  Tipperary. 

KnockHo'pher,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kilkenny, 
2  miles  E.N.E.  of  Newmarket.     Pop.  1008. 

Knottiugley,  noi'ting-le,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of 
York,  West  Riding,  on  the  Aire,  3J  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of 
Pontefract.     It  has  2  est  iblished  churches,  various  chapels, 


and  extensive  manufactures  of  lime.  Many  river-  tnd 
coasting-vessels  are  built  here,  and  the  trade  on  the  rirw 
and  oanal  is  considerable.     Pop.  of  township,  4039. 

Knott's  Island,  a  post-office  of  Currituck  co.,  N.C., 
on  an  island  of  this  name  in  Currituck  Sound. 

Knott's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Orangeburg  co.,  S.C. 

Knott's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Anson  00.,  N.C. 

Knottsville,  ndts'vll,  a  post-village  of  Daviess  eo., 
Ky.,  12  miles  £.  of  Owensborough.  It  has  a  church,  ao 
academy,  a  plough-factory,  and  a  wagon-shup. 

Knottsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Taylor  00.,  W.  Va.,  & 
miles  S.E.  of  Grafton.     It  has  a  church. 

Knowersville,  noV^-vIl,  a  nost-village  in  Guilderland 
township,  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Albany  A  Susouehanna 
Railroad,  17  miles  W.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  churcn,  a  high 
school,  and  manufactures  of  hives,  carriages,  furniture,  Ae, 

Knowlc,  nowl,  a  village  of  England,  00.  and  10  milei 
N.W.  of  Warwick.     Pop,  1372. 

Knowles,  nOlz,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ud., 
on  the  Metropolitan  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Kail» 
road,  11  miles  N.  of  Washington,  D.C. 

Knowlesville,  nOlz'vIl,  a  post-village  of  Orleans  00., 
N.Y.,  in  Ridgeway  township,  on  th*  Erie  Canal,  and  on  th« 
New  York  Central  Railroald  (Niagara  Falls  Brunch),  3S 
miles  W.  of  Rochester.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufao* 
tures  of  barrels,  carriages,  staves,  and  heading.    Pop.  600. 

Knowlton,  nol'tgn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.J., 
in  Knowlton  township,  about  8  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Belvi* 
dere.  It  has  a  church.  The  township  is  bounded  on  tht 
W.  by  the  Delaware  River.     Pop.  of  township,  1691, 

Knowlton,  a  village  in  Delaware  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Ches- 
ter Creek  Railroad,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Lamokin.  It  has  s 
manufactory  of  cotton  and  woollen  goods.  It  is  near  VU« 
lage  Green. 

Knowlton,  a  post- village  of  Marathon  co.,  Wis.,  ia 
Knowlton  township,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Wisconsin  River, 
1  mile  from  the  Wisconsin  Valley  Railroad,  and  about  20 
miles  S.  of  Wausau,  It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 
Pop,  of  the  township,  264,  Knowlton  Station  on  the  above 
railroad  is  18  miles  S.  of  Wausau. 

Knowlton,  nol't^n,  the  chief  town  of  the  co.  of  Brome, 
Quebec,  is  near  Brome  Lake,  lOJ  miles  S.  of  Waterloo.  It 
has  several  mills,  2  hotels,  and  6  or  6  stores.     Pop.  600. 

Knowlton  Mills,  Pennsylvania.     See  Knowltos. 

Knowlton's  Landing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Desha  co.. 
Ark.,  on  the  Mississippi  Ilivor,  about  60  miles  below  Helena. 

Knox,  nSx,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Illinois.  Area, 
720  square  miles.  It  is  intcrfiected  by  the  Spoon  River, 
and  by  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy,  Atchison,  Topcka 
&  Santa  F6,  and  Fulton  County  Narrow-Gauge  Railroads, 
Tho  surface  is  undulating,  und  is  diversified  with  pruiries 
and  woodlands.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats, 
wheat,  hay,  cattle,  pork,  and  butter  are  tho  staple  products. 
Many  mines  of  bituminous  coal  have  been  opened  in  this 
county.  Chief  city,  Galesburg.  Capital,  Knoxvilie.  Pop. 
in  1870,  39,522;  in  1880,  38,344;  in  1890,  38,752. 

Knox,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Indiana,  bordering 
on  Illinois,  has  an  area  of  about  510  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  West  Fork  of  White  River,  on 
the  S.  by  the  White  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  tho  Wabiish 
River.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Maize,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  Coal  is 
found  here.  The  county  is  intersected  by  the  Ohio  &  Mis- 
sissippi,  Evansville  &  Terre  Haute,  Cleveland,  Cincinnati, 
Chicago  &  St.  Louis,  and  Pennsylvania  Railroads.  Capi- 
tal, Vincennes.  Pop.  in  1870,  21,562;  in  1880,  26,324;  in 
1890,  28,044. 

Knox,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Kentucky,  has  an 
area  of  about  350  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Cum- 
berland River,  and  also  drained  by  Richland  Creek.  Tho 
surface  is  hilly  and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of 
many  varieties  of  trees.  The  soil  produces  Indian  corn, 
oats,  and  grass.  Among  its  mineral  resources  are  coal  and 
limestone.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Louisville  &  Nashville 
Railroad.  Capital,  Barboursville.  Pop.  in  1870,  8294;  in 
1880,  10,587;  in  1890,  1.3,762. 

Knox,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Maine,  has  an  area 
of  about  328  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  £.  by 
Penobscot  Bay,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  It  is 
partly  drained  by  the  Medomae  River,  and  comprises  sev- 
eral islands.  Hay,  butter,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  has  extensive  quarries  of  limestone, 
and  exports  large  quantities  of  lime.  It  has  great  facili- 
ties for  commerce  and  the  fisheries,  in  which  a  part  of  the 
population  are  employed.  The  Maine  Central  Railroad 
connects  Bath  with  Rockland,  the  capital  of  the  couDty« 
Pop.  in  1870,  30,823;  in  1880,  32,863;  in  1890,  31,473. 


KNO 


1569 


KNO 


Knox,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an 
area  of  610  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  three  rivers, 
called  the  North  Fabius,  Middle  Fabius,  and  South  Fabius, 
and  is  partly  drained  by  the  North  Foric  of  Salt  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies 
and  tracts  of  timber,  which  is  here  abundant.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  pork,  and  wheat  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Quincy,  Omaha  <fc  Kansas  City  Railroad.  Capital,  Edina. 
Pop.  in  1870,  10,974;  in  1880,  13,047;  in  1890,  13,501. 

Knox,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Nebraska,  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  the  Missouri  River,  which  separates  it  from 
South  Dakota.  It  has  an  area  of  1100  square  miles.  The 
surface  is  diversified.  The  soil  is  fertile.  It  is  partly 
drained  by  the  Niobrara  River.  Capital,  Niobrara.  Pop. 
in  1870,  261;  in  1880,  3666;  in  1890,  8582. 

Knox,  a  county  in  the  central  part  "of  Ohio,  has  an  area 
of  about  627  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Vernon 
and  Mohican  (or  Walhonding)  Rivers,  and  is  also  drained 
by  the  North  Fork  of  the  Licking  River.  Indian  corn, 
irheat,  oats,  hay,  wool,  butter  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Baltimore  & 
Ohio  Railroad,  and  is  connected  with  Cleveland  by  the 
Cleveland,  Akron  &  Columbus  Railroad.  Capital,  Mount 
Vernon.  Pop.  in  1870,  26,333;  in  1880,  27,431;  in  1890, 
27,600. 

Knox,  a  county  of  East  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of  about 
620  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Holston  River, 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Clinch  River,  and  also  drained 
by  the  French  Broad  River.  The  surface  is  finely  diversi- 
fied with  high  ridges,  fertile  valleys,  and  extensive  forests. 
Indinn  corn,  wheat,  oats,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products,  Silurian  limestone  underlies  a  part  of  the  county, 
which  also  has  beds  of  marble  and  iron  ore.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad. 
The  Knoxville  &  Augusta  Railroad  connects  with  the  former 
at  Knoxville,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  28,990;  in  1880, 
39,124;  in  1890,  59,667. 

Knox,  a  county  in  the  N.  of  Texas,  drained  by  Brazos 
and  Big  Wichita  Rivers.  This  county  has  an  area  of  900 
square  miles.  Capital,  Benjamin.  Pop.  in  1880,  77;  in 
1890,  1134. 

,    Knox,  a  township  of  Knox  cc,  111.     Pop.  2677,  in- 
cluding Knoxville. 

Knox,  a  township  of  Jay  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  956. 

Knox,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Starke  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Centre  township,  on  Yellow  River,  about  25  miles  S.  of  La 
Porte,  and  70  miles  S.E.  of  Chicago.  It  has  a  normal  school, 
a  newspaper  oflBce,  and  2  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  790. 

Knox,  a  township  of  Clarke  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  851. 

Knox,  township,  Pottawattamie  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1340. 

Knox,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waldo  co..  Me.,  in  Knox  town- 
ship, 17  miles  W.N.W.  of  Belfast.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
high  school.  The  township  includes  Knox  Station.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  889. 

Knox,  or  Knoxville,  a  post-village  of  Albany  co., 
N.y.,  in  Knox  township,  about  20  miles  W.  of  Albany. 
It  has  a  tannery.  The  name  of  its  post-offioe  is  Knox. 
Pop.  about  300;  of  the  township,  1641. 

Knox,  a  township  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.  Pop.  2151. 
It  contains  Homeworth  and  North  Georgetown. 

Knox,  a  township  of  Guernsey  co.,  0.  Pop.  810.  It 
contains  Indian  Camp. 

Knox,  a  township  of  Holmes  co.,  0.  Pop.  964.  Hero 
bituminous  and  cannel  coal  are  mined. 

Knox,  a  township  of  JeflFerson  co.,  0.     Pop.  1301.    It 
contains  Knoxville,  Shanghai,  and  Somerset. 
.  Knox,  a  township  of  Vinton  co.,  0.     Pop.  659. 

Knox,  a  township  of  Clarion  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  656.  It 
contains  Lucinda  Furnace.    See  also  Edenburo. 

Knox,  a  township  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.     Pop.  587. 

Knox,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  863.  It 
contains  Knoxville. 

Knoxborough,  nox'biir-riih,  or  Knox  Corners,  a 
post-village  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Augusta  township, 
about  18  miles  S.W.  of  Utica.     It  has  2  churches.     P.  208. 

Knox  City,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Quincy,  Missouri  &  Pacific  Railroad,  38  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Quincy,  111.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  150. 

Knox  College.    See  Galesburg,  III. 

Knoxdale,  Jefferson  co..  Pa.    See  Knoxvillb. 

Knox  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Walton  co.,  Fla.,  about 
110  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Tallahassee. 

Knox  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bossier  parish.  La.,  on 
Red  River,  30  miles  by  land  S.  by  E.  of  Shreveport. 

Knox  Station,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  on  the 
Maine  Central  Railroad,  about  18  miles  N.W.  of  Belfast. 


Knoxville,  nSx'vIl,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Ala., 
12  miles  N.E.  of  Eutaw.     It  has  an  academy  and  2  stores. 

Knoxville,  a  mining  and  post-village  of  Lake  co.,  Cal., 
about  60  miles  W.N.W.  of  Sacramento.     Pop.  164. 

Knoxville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Crawford  co.,  Oa., 
about  28  miles  W.S.W.  of  Macon.  It  has  a  court-house,  2 
churches,  and  a  seminary. 

Knoxville,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Knox  co.,  111.,  is  in 
Knox  township,  on  the  Galesburg  &  Peoria  Railroad,  5 
miles  S.E.  of  Galesburg,  and  48  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Peoria. 
It  has  7  churches,  a  national  bank,  1  or  2  newspaper  ofiices, 
manufactures  of  ploughs,  wagons,  and  woollen  goods,  and  a 
Swedish  college.     Pop.  in  1890.  1728. 

Knoxville,  a  hamlet  of  Dubois  co.,  Ind.,  about  53 
miles  N.E.  of  Evansville.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Knoxville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Marion  co.,  Iowa, 
in  Knoxville  township,  on  the  Albia,  Knoxville  &  Des 
Moines  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Oskaloosa  division 
of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  36  miles 
S.E.  of  Des  Moines,  and  20  miles  W.  of  Oskaloosa.  It  is 
surrounded  by  fertile  prairies,  containing  beds  of  coal.  It 
contains  7  churches,  2  national  banks,  2  newspaper  ofiices, 
the  Knoxville  Academy,  a  high  school,  a  foundry,  3  steam 
flour-mills,  and  a  woollen-mill.  Pop.  in  1880,  2577  ;  ia 
1890,  2632;  of  the  township  (1890),  6616. 

Knoxville,  a  post-hamict  of  Pendleton  co.,  Ky.,  about 
24  miles  S.  of  Covington.     It  has  2  churches. 

Knoxville,  a  post-village  of  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Potomac  River  (which  here  flows  through  fine  scenery)  and 
the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  75  miles  W.  of  Baltimore. 
It  has  3  churches  and  a  large  iron-furnace.     Pop.  320. 

Knoxville,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Miss.,  24  miles 
S.E.  of  Natchez. 

Knoxville,  a  post- village  of  Ray  co..  Mo.,  in  Knoxville 
township,  about  44  miles  N.E.  of  Kansas  City.  It  has  a 
drug-store  and  2  general  stores.    Pop.  of  the  township,  2469. 

Knoxville,  or  Stock'bridge,  a  village  of  Madison 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Oneida  Creek,  and  on  the  Midland  Railroad, 
9  miles  S.  of  Oneida.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 
Pop.  241.     Post-office,  Stockbridge. 

Knoxville,  a  village  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  1  mile  from 
Corning.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  785. 

Knoxville,  a  post-village  of  Jefi'erson  co.,  0.,  in  Knox 
township,  about  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Steubenville,  and  3 
miles  W.  of  the  Ohio  River.    It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  165. 

Knoxville,  a  village  of  Jefi'erson  co..  Pa.,  6  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Brookville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  a 
planing-mill.     Here  is  Knoxdale  Post-Ofiice. 

Knoxville,  a  post-borough  of  Tioga  co..  Pa.,  in  Deer- 
field  township,  on  the  Cowanesque  Creek,  about  60  miles  N. 
of  Lock  Haven,  and  27  miles  S.W.  of  Corning,  N.Y.  It 
has  a  graded  school,  a  bank,  3  churches,  a  tannery,  a  grist- 
mill, a  saw-mill,  and  a  sash-  and  blind-factory.     Pop.  400. 

Knoxville,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Knox  co.,  Tenn.,  is 
beautifully  situated  on  the  right  or  N.W.  bank  of  the 
Holston  River,  about  180  miles  E.  of  Nashville,  and  200 
miles  by  water  above  Chattanooga.  By  railroad  it  is  112 
miles  N.E.  of  Chattanooga.  It  is  on  the  East  Tennessee, 
Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad,  and  is  a  terminus  of  the 
Knoxville  <fc  Charleston  Railroad,  which  connects  here 
with  the  Knoxville  &  Ohio  Railroad.  It  is  built  on  a 
hilly  or  uneven  site,  and  is  surrounded  by  picturesque 
scenery.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  University  of  Tennessee, 
which  was  organized  in  1809  and  has  17  instructors  and 
about  250  students.  Connected  with  the  university  is  the 
Tennessee  Agricultural  College.  Here  is  an  institution  for 
the  deaf  and  dumb,  founded  by  the  state,  an  asylum  for  the 
insane,  also  a  public  building  erected  by  the  United  States 
for  a  custom-house  and  post-ofSce.  This  is  built  of  a  beau- 
tiful gray  marble  quarried  in  the  vicinity,  and  cost  about 
$-100,000.  Two  bridges  cross  the  river  here.  Knoxville 
contains  about  30  churches,  5  national  banks,  4  other  banks, 
a  convent,  a  rolling-mill,  2  iron-foundries,  a  machine-shop, 
a  nail-factory,  3  flouring-mills,  and  manufactures  of  car- 
wheels,  cars,  furniture,  and  sash  and  blinds.  Three  daily 
and  4  weekly  newspapers  and  a  religious  paper  are  pub- 
lished here.  Steamboats  can  ascend  the  river  in  high  water. 
Kno.wille  was  the  capital  of  the  state  from  1794  to  1817. 
Pop.  in  1880,  9693;  in  1890,  22,636. 

Knoxville,  a  hamlet  of  Cherokee  co.,  Tex.,  about  40 
miles  N.E.  of  Palestine. 

Knoxville,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  W.  Va. 

Knoxville  Mines,  California.    See  Knoxville. 

Knoydart,  noi'dart,  a  post-settlement  in  Pictou  co.. 
Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  26  miles  from 
New  Glasgow.     Pop.  250. 


KN0 


1570 


«0K 


Knutsrord,  nU»'(or\X (Cnul't  Ford,  "Canute's Ford"), a 
towD  of  Kniclanti,  oo.  and  24  miles  by  r»il  K.N.E.  of  Cheator. 
jbo  town  hiw  u  liuudoouio  oburoh,  frM  sobool,  and  inanufac- 
turoa  of  ootton  velvots,  yarn,  worsted,  and  leather.   Pop.  3803. 

Kuutweil,  knool'if^il,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  »  ujilos  N.W.  of  Lucerne.     I'oi),  11»6. 

Knyschin,  or  Knyszyn,  noi'ahin,  a  town  of  Russia, 
In  Urodnu,  about  50  miles  S.W.  of  Grodno,     Pop.  2924. 

KoahoniHt  a  county  of  Mississippi.    See  Coahoma. 

Koang'Sin,  or  Kouang-Siu-Fout  China.    See 

QUASO-SlN-l'OO. 

Kobbe^  or  Cobbe^  kob'boe,  soinotimos  written  Kob> 
bi,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Darfoor,  about  lat.  14°  IX'  N.,  Ion. 
W°  8'  K.     Pop.  0000. 

KobdOf  a  city  and  territory  of  Mongolia.    See  Cobdo. 

Kob6,  ko'b^,  a  town  of  Japan,  on  the  bay  and  near 
the  city  of  Iliogo.  A  railway  extends  henoe  22  miles  to 
Osaka.  Kob6  was  founded  in  IS68.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  large 
tea-trade,  and  is  regularly  and  neatly  built.     Pop.  8654. 

KobeUak,  or  KobiUaki^  Iluseia.    See  KoorLiAKi. 

Koben,  kii'b^n,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  38  wiles 
N.W.  of  Kroslau.  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Odor.     Pop.  1128. 

Kobleuz,  a  city  of  Rboniah  Prussia.     See  Cublgxtz. 

Kobrin,  or  Kobryn,  ko'brin,  a  town  of  Kussia,  100 
miles  S.£.  of  Grodno.     Pop.  7785. 

Kobt,  a  city  of  Egypt.    See  Kupt. 

Koburg,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  CoBune. 

Kobylanka,  ko-be-l&n'k&,  a  village  of  Austrian  Gali- 
eia,  on  the  llappa.  It  hivs  a  castle,  and  in  its  vicinity  a 
ohapol  annually  visited  by  50,000  pilgrims.     Pop.  1087. 

Kobyliaki,  KobiUaki,  ko-boel-y&'keo,  or  Kobul- 
jaki,  ko-bul-y4'kee,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  37 
miles  S.W.  of  Poltava.     Pop.  12,989. 

Kobyiin,  ko-be-leon',  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland,  50 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Posen,  on  the  Orla.     Pop.  2104. 

Kochem,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Gociium. 

Kocher,  ko'K^r,  a  river  of  Wiirtemberg,  joins  the 
Neckar  6  miles  N.  of  Ueilbronn.     Length,  70  miles. 

Koch-Hissar,  koK-his'sar^  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  on 
the  E.  bank  of  n.  large  salt  lake,  the  ancient  Tattseu  Palut, 
in  lat.  38°  50'  N.,  Ion.  33°  29'  E. 

Koch's,  kSks,  a  post-hamlot  of  Wayne  co.,  0.,  in  Salt 
Creek  township,  about  12  miles  S.E.  of  Wooster.  It  has  a 
ohuroh,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Kochstedt,  koK'etStt,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Saxony,  21 
miles  S.W.  of  Magdeburg.     Pop.  2061. 

Kochville,  a  township  of  Saginaw  co.,  Mich.   Pop.  1382. 

Kock,  kok,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  about  40  miles  S. 
of  Siedlec,  on  the  Wieprz.     Pop.  1788. 

Koda,  ko'da,  a  town  of  Sinde,  23  miles  S.W.  of  Khyer- 
poor,  in  lat.  27°  65'  N.,  Ion.  68°  52'  E.     Pop.  2200. 

Koden,  ko'd^n,  a  town  of  Poland,  province  of  Siedlec, 
on  the  Bug,  23  miles  E.S.E.  of  Biala.     Pop.  2500. 

Kodiak,  Alaska.     See  Kadiak. 

Kodjend,  a  town  of  Asia.     See  Khojend. 

Kodj'Hlssar,  Asiatic  Turkey.     See  Koch-Hissar. 

Kodus,  a  river  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Saradat. 

Koedang,  koo^ding',  a  prefix  to  several  rivers  of  Java. 
They  are  Koedaso  Galos,  Koedanq  Jewah,  Koedang 
Rowo,  KoEDA^Q  Segero-Aloen,  and  Koedang  Segero- 
SoERANO,  all  flowing  into  the  Indian  Ocean. 

Koei-Choo,  Quei-Choo,  Kouei-Tchou,  kw&^- 
ehoo',  or  Kwi-Choo,  kwP-choo',  a  province  in  the  S.W. 
of  China.  Lat.  24°  30'  to  29°  N.;  Ion.  104°  to  110°  E. 
Pop.  5,288,219.  Surface  mountainous.  It  has  mines  of 
gold,  silver,  mercury,  and  iron.     Chief  city,  Koei-Yang. 

Koei'Ling,  a  city  of  Cljina.     See  Kwei-Lis. 

Koei-Tc,  a  city  of  China.     See  Kwei-Te. 

Koei-Yang,  Kwei- Yang,  or  Kouei- Yang,  kwi*- 
▼4ng',  a  town  of  China,  capital  of  the  province  of  Koei- 
Choo.     Lat.  about  22°  N.;  Ion.  107°  E. 

Koel,  a  river  of  India.     See  Coel. 

Koelen,  a  mountain  of  Scandinavia.    See  Eioleh. 

Koeltztown,  kelts'tSwn,  a  post-office  of  Osage  co., 
Mo.,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Jefferson  City. 

Koenigsberg,  Prussia.     See  Ko.vigsberg. 

Koepang,  a  town  of  Timor.     See  Coepano. 

Koermoend,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Koruond. 

Koesfeld,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Kospgld. 

Koesliu,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Coslin. 

Koethen,  a  town  of  Germany.     See  Kotheit. 

Koeti,  a  state  of  Borneo.     See  Koti. 

Koevorde,  orKoevorden.    See  Coevordbn. 

Koewacht,  koo'^^Kt,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Zealand,  6  miles  8.  of  Axel.     Pop.  1904. 

Koewala-Day,  koo-w&'l&-d4,  a  town  of  the  Malay 
Archipelago,  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  island  of  Lingen,  about 


6  miles  from  the  mouth  of  a  considerable  river.  It  b  tht 
oapital  of  the  island,  and  the  residence  of  a  sultan. 

Kofi,  a  city  of  Egypt.     See  Kuvt. 

Kogcnheini,  ko'gh?n-hlme*  (Fr.  pron.  ko'ghdn'im'). 
a  village  of  (jermany,  in  Alsace,  on  the  Strasbiirg  i.  Basel 
Railway,  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Schlettstjuit.     Poj*.  1270. 

Kohaloin,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Reps. 

Kohat,  ko-h&t',  a  town  of  India,  on  the  oonflnot  of 
Afghanistan,  capital  of  the  Kohat  district,  25  miles  S.  of 
Pcshawer.     Pop.  11,274. 

Kohut,  a  district  of  the  Peshawer  division  of  the  Pun- 
jab, including  an  extensive  valley,  with  buds  of  siilphui 
and  sources  rich  in  petroleum.  Area,  2839  square  milM, 
Capital,  Kohat.     Pop.  145,419. 

Koh>Chang,  ko^>ch2Lng',  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of 
Siaiii,  about  2  miles  S.  of  Koh-Kud,  0  miles  long. 

Kohdild,  the  n^tivo  name  of  Piiookok. 

Kuh-IIiiisar,  Koh-Hisar,  ko'-his'sar',  or  Koh" 
Ilasar,  ko'-ri'sar'  (the  ''  hill  ciistle"),  a  riiined  city  of 
Asiatic  Turkey,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Mardeen. 

Koh'i>Baba,  ko^-o-b&'b&,  a  mountain-range  of  Af> 
ghanistan,  off  the  S.W.  extremity  of  the  Hindoo-Koosh.  Lat. 
34°  30'  N.;  Ion.  07°  30'  to  68°  30'  E.     Height,  17,040  fett. 

Kohi'Chihulton,  Beloochistan.     See  Ciikui.-Tax. 

Koh-i«Damaun,  ko^-e-d&-mawn',  or  Koh-i-Dah- 
man,  ko^-e-d&-miln'  (the  "  mountain-skirt"),  a  district  uf 
Afghanistan,  N.  of  Cabool,  comprising  a  portion  of  the  S. 
declivity  of  the  liindoo-Koosh. 

Kohistan,  ko^his-t&n'  (the  "  land  of  mountains"),  is  • 
name  applied  to  the  N.  part  of  Afghanistan,  and  to  several 
portions  of  Beloochistan  and  Persia. 

Koh-Kai-Tai,  ko^-kP-ti',  a  group  of  small  islets  ill 
the  Gulf  of  Siam,  in  lat.  11°  67'  N.,  Ion.  99°  38'  E. 

Koli-Karlnj,  ko'-kfL'rinj',  a  lofty  summit  of  the  I{iii> 
doo-Koosh,  in  Afghanistan,  about  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Jel* 
alabad,  about  lat.  34°  45'  N.,  Ion.  99°  38'  E. 

Koli-Kolig,  ko^-kog',  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  Siam,  M 
miles  S.E.  of  Koh-Kud. 

Koh"Kong,  ko^-kong',  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  Siun, 
in  lat.  9°  30'  N.,  Ion.  104°  30'  E. 

Koh-Krah,  ko^-kri',  or  Cara,  kll-r&',  an  island  fai 
the  Gulf  of  Siam,  in  lat.  8°  30'  N.,  Ion.  101°  E. 

Koh-Kram,  ko'-krim',  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  Siam, 
16  miles  S.E.  of  Koh-Nok.     Length,  5  miles. 

Koh-Kud,  ko^-kud',  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  Siam,  in 
lat.  11°  35'  N.,  Ion.  102°  37'  E. 

Kohlen-Janowitz,  ko'l^n-y&'no-l^its^  a  town  of 
Bohemia,  33  miles  S.E.  of  Prague.     Pop.  2430. 

Kohlsville,  kolz'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  oo., 
Wis.,  about  25  miles  8.  by  E.  of  Fond  du  Lac. 

Koh-Nok,  ko*-nok',  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  Siam,  15 
miles  S.W.  of  Koh-See-Chang. 

Koh-Phai,  ko^-fi',  a  cluster  of  small  islands  in  the 
Gulf  of  Siam,  grouped  around  Cape  Liant,  the  largest  of 
which  are  Koh-Sax,  KoH-SA»f-ME-SAN,  and  Koh-Kah. 

Koh-Phang,  W-fing',  or  Sancori,  e4n'ko-ree\  an 
island  in  the  Gulf  of  Siam,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Koh-Saiua. 

Koh-Ilasar,  a  city  of  Turkey.     See  Koh-Hisrak. 

Kohren,  ko'r^n,  a  town  of  Saxony,  24  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Leipsic,  on  the  Sprottau.     Pop.  1146. 

Koh-Sama,  ko'-si'mi,  or  Carnam,  kar^nim',  an 
island  in  the  Gulf  of  Siam,  in  lat.  9°  55'  N.,  Ion.  100°  E. 

Koh-Samet,ko^-si'met',  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  Siam, 
in  lat.  12°  30'  N.,  Ion.  101°  37'  E. 

Koh-See-Chang,  or  Koh-Si-Chang,  ko'-see'. 
oh&ng',  a  larger  and  lessor  island,  near  the  head  of  the  Gulf 
of  Siam.     Lat.  of  the  larger,  13°  10'  N. ;   Ion.  100°  59'  E. 

Koh-See-Chang,  a  harbor  in  the  Gulf  of  Siam, 
formed  by  an  island  of  the  same  name. 

Koiner's  (koi'n^rz)  Store,  a  post-villnge  of  Augusta 
CO.,  Va.,  7i  miles  from  Waynesborough.    It  has  2  churches. 

Koisoo,  or  Koisou,  koi-soo',  a  river  of  Russia,  rises, 
by  four  principal  heads,  on  the  N.  slope  of  the  Caucasus, 
and  forms  two  branohos,  which  fall  into  the  Caspian. 

Kojetein,  ko'y4-tine\  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Moravia, 
10  miles  S.W.  of  Prerau.     Pop.  3552. 

Kojuk  (ko'jQk')  Pass,  Afghanistan,  traverses  the 
mountains  between  the  valley  of  Pisheen  and  Candahar. 

Koka,  ko'kSh",  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  and  23  mile* 
E.N.E.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  2258. 

Kokaboni,  ko'k&-bo'nee,  or  Kukabonee,  kQk'il- 
bo'nee,  a  town  of  Borneo,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Yeoo, 
in  lat.  12°  52'  N.,  Ion.  13°  E.     Pop.  5000. 

Kokan,  or  Kokand,  Central  Asia.     See  Khokan. 

Kokchaga,  kok-chi'gi,  Boix)haia,  bol-chi'i,  and  Ma- 
LAIA,  m&-li'&,  two  rivers  of  Russia,  rise  in  Viatka,  flow  S.j 
and  join  the  left  bank  of  the  Volga.     Length,  100  miles. 


KOK 


1571 


KOX 


Kokel,  ko'kSl*  or  ko'k?l,  Great  and  Little,  two  rivera 
jf  Transylvania,  which,  after  a  W.  course  of  upwards  of 
100  miles  each,  unite  at  Balasfalva,  and  the  united  stream 
joins  the  Maros  10  miles  N.  of  Karlsburg. 

Kokelay,  ko-k^h-li',  a  town  of  Ceylon,  on  its  E.  coast, 
35  miles  N.N.W.  of  Trincomalee. 

KO'Kiug,  ko'-king',  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Yun- 
Nan,  on  the  Yang-tse-Kiang. 

Ko'komo,  a  city  of  Indiana,  the  county  seatof  Howard 
CO.,  is  situiited  on  the  Wild  Cat  River  at  the  junction  of 
several  trunk  railroad  lines,  54  miles  N.  of  Indianapolis, 
and  142  miles  S.E.  of  Chicago.  It  is  tiie  j)rincipal  city  in 
the  famous  natural  gas  territory  of  Indiana.  It  contains 
10  churches,  2  national  banks,  a  court-house  erected  at  a 
408t  of  $100,000,  a  jail,  a  county  asylum  and  orphans'  home, 
^lectrio  lights  and  street-cars,  a  plate-glass  manufactory 
covering  24  acres  and  employing  1800  men,  and  2  daily  and 
3  weekly  newspapers.     Pop.  in  1880,  4042  ;  in  1890,  8261. 

Koko-Nor,  ko*ko-nor',  Koko-Noor,  ko^ko-noor', 
JKoke^Xor^  ko'k^h-nor'  (i.e.,  "  blue  sea"),  or  Tsiug- 
Hai)  tsing^-hi',  a  lake  of  the  Chinese  Empire,  having 
yt'.  the  Desert  of  Gobi.  Length,  about  70  miles  ;  breadth, 
40  miles.  Area,  2040  square  miles.  It  is  salt,  and  has  no 
Qutlec. 

Kokoora,  Kokoura«  or  Kokura,  ko-koo'ri,  a  mari- 
time town  of  Japan,  in  the  island  of  Kioo-Sioo,  province 
of  Fizen,  about  100  miles  N.N.E.  of  Nagasaki,  on  the  Strait 
of  Van  der  Capellen.  Lat.  33°  53'  30"  N.;  Ion.  130°  50'  E. 
Pop.  16,000. 

Koksoak,  Labrador.     See  Caniapuscaw. 

Hokundi,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Kakundt. 

Kola,  ko'li,  a  town  of  Russian  Lapland,  335  miles  N.W. 
of  Archangel,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Kola  River  in  the 
Arctic  Ocean.  Lat.  68°  52'  N. ;  Ion.  33°  E.  Pop.  749.  It 
is  fortified,  and  has  a  good  port. 

Kola,  a  large  peninsula  of  Europe,  forming  the  E.  ex- 
tension of  Russian  Lapland,  and  having  N.E.  the  Arctic 
Ocean  and  S.  the  White  Sea. 

Koi'abah)  a  district  of  India,  Bombay  presidency,  on 
the  W.  coast,  just  S.  of  the  city  of  Bombay.  Area,  1482 
square  miles.     Pop.  350,405. 

Kolachi,  India.    See  Kalaichi. 

Koladyne.    See  Aracan  River. 

Kolapoor,  or  Kolhapur,  koMa-poor',  a  native  state 
of  India,  Bombay  presidency.  Lat.  15°  58'-17°  17'  N.; 
Ion.  73°  47'-74°  46'  E.  Area,  2778  square  miles.  It  is  a 
mountainous  region,  nominally  governed  by  a  rajah,  but 
subject  to  British  authority.  Its  capital,  Kolapoor,  is  185 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Bombay.     Total  pop.  802,691. 

Kolapoor,  or  Kolapur,  a  town  of  the  Amrawutti 
district,  India.     Pop.  0169. 

Kolberg,  Prussia.    See  Colberg. 

Kolding,  or  Colding,  kol'ding,  a  town  of  Denmark, 
in  Jutland,  10  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Eredericia,  on  an 
inlet  of  the  Little  Belt,  enclosed  by  walls.     Pop.  5400. 

Koldsstein,  Moravia.    See  Goldensteim. 

Koleah,  ko'le-4,  a  town  of  Algeria,  18  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Algiers.     Pop.  2364. 

KoMeen',  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Bedford,  Springville  &  Owensburg  Railroad. 

Kolemokee  Creek,  Georgia.    See  Colamoka  Creek. 

Kolguev,  an  island  of  Russia.     See  Kalguev, 

Koliazin,  Koliasin,  ko-le-4-zeen',  or  Kalasin,  kS,- 
ll-zeen',  a  town  of  Russia,  80  miles  E.N.E.  of  Tver,  on  the 
Volga.    Pop.  7167. 

Koiikod,  India.    See  Calicut. 

Koliina,  a  river  of  Asia.    See  Kolyma. 

Kolin,  or  Neu  Kolin,  noi  ko-leen',  a  town  of  Bo- 
hemia, circle  of  Kaurzim,  on  the  Elbe,  at  a  railway  junc- 
tion, 35  miles  E.  of  Prague.  Pop.  9473.  It  has  manu- 
factures-of  cotton,  liquor,  <tc.  Marshal  Daun  here  defeated 
Frederick  the  Great,  June  18,  1757. 

Kolleda,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Colleda. 

Kollum,  kol'lum,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  Fries- 
land,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Dokkum.     Pop.  2380. 

Kolraar,  Germany.    See  Colmar. 

Koln,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Cologne, 

Kolo,  ko'lo,  a  town  of  Russia,  province  and  40  miles 
N.E.  of  Kalisz,  on  an  island  in  the  Warta.     Pop.  8112. 

Ko'lo,  Koino,  kol'no,  or  Koljno,  ko'l§-no,  a  town 
of  Russia,  in  Poland,  government  and  16  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Loraza.     Pop.  4672. 

Kolo'ko,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Kansas. 

Kolokythia.    See  Gulf  of  Kolokytiiia. 

Kolomea,  ko-lo-mi'S,,  sometimes  written  Kolomyia, 
a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  on  the  Pruth,  112  miles  S.E.  of 
Lemberg.     Pop.  14,839.     It  has  many  potteries. 


Kolomna,  ko-Iom'nS,,  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  63  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Moscow,  on  the  Moskva,  near 
its  confluence  with  the  Oka.  Pop.  28,323.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  silks  and  woollens. 

KoloS)  koHosh',  or  Salzgrub,  s41ts'groob  (Walla- 
chian,  A'o«/taA;ca,  ko-8hfl.-ki'i?),  a  town  of  Transylvania, 
12  miles  E.  of  Klausenburg.     Pop.  3140. 

Kolosvar,  a  city  of  Transylvania.    See  Klausexburo. 

Kolouri,  an  island  of  Greece.    See  Salamis. 

Kolva,  or  Kolwa,  kol'vi,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in 
Perm,  and  joins  the  Vishera.     Length,  170  miles. 

Kolyma,  or  Kolima,  ko-le-m&'  or  ko-lee'mS,,  a  large 
river  of  Siberia,  rises  by  several  heads  near  lat.  61°  30'  N., 
and,  after  a  N.  course  of  700  miles,  enters  the  Arctic  Ocean 
by  a  wide  estuary,  near  lat.  69°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  161°  30'  E. 

Kolyvau,  ko-le-vin',  or  Tasheka,  ti'sh4-ki\  a  small 
town  of  Asiatic  Russia,  government  and  110  miles  S.W.  of 
Tomsk,  on  the  Obi,  with  lead-  and  gold-mines.     Pop.  3418. 

Kolyvaii,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Revel. 

Kolyvan  Mountains,  a  spur  of  the  Lesser  Altai. 

Komarno,  ko-man'no,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Galicia, 
25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sambor.     Pop.  3689. 

Komarom,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Comorn. 

Komhar'sen,  or  Komar'sen,  a  hill-state  of  India, 
near  the  Sutlej,  with  a  capital  of  the  same  name,  in  lat.  31" 
19°  N.,  Ion.  77°  30'  E.  Total  area,  about  60  square  miles. 
The  summers  are  very  warm,  and  the  winters  severe. 

Komlos,  komMosh',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Torontal, 
30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Temesvar.     Pop.  5491. 

Kommotau,  or  Komotau,  kom'mo-tSw\  a  town  of 
Bohemia,  at  the  junction  of  several  railways,  10  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Saaz.  Pop.  7422.  It  has  manufactures  of  cot- 
tons, woollens,  chemicals,  spirits,  Ac. 

Komorn,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Comobh. 

Komo'ka,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Great  Western  Railway,  10  miles  W.  of  London.  It 
has  a  good  trade  in  grain  and  country  produce.     Pop.  500. 

Komstad,  kom'stad,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  S.D., 
30  miles  N.E.  of  Yankton. 

Komuldsina,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Gumoorjeena. 

Kon'bo,  a  lake  of  Russia,  government  of  Archangel,  in 
Lapland,  discharges  itself  into  the  Gulf  of  Kandalaska  by 
two  outlets,  one  at  its  S.E.  and  one  at  its  N.W.  extremity. 
It  is  about  25  miles  long  by  7  miles  broad. 

Kon'da,  a  native  state  of  India,  Central  Provinces. 
Area,  174  square  miles.     Pop.  29,590. 

Kon^ewock',  a  post-office  of  Yakima  co.,  AVashington, 
on  the  Yakima  River,  84  miles  N.W.  of  Wallula. 

Kong,  a  town  of  Africa,  500  miles  S.  of  Timbuotoo. 

Konganoli,  k6n-ga-no'le,  a  town  of  India,  Belgaum 
district.     Pop.  5143. 

Kong- Chang,  kong*-ch4ng',  a  city  of  China,  province 
of  Kan-Soo.     Lat.  35°  N. :  Ion.  104°  30'  E. 

K6ngen,k6ng'fn,  atownof  Wiirtemberg,  ontheNeckar, 
5  miles  S.E.  of  Esslingen.     Pop.  2056. 

Kong-Ko-To,  the  Chinese  for  Zaisax. 

Kong  Mountains,  a  mountain-range  of  Africa,  com- 
mencing 200  miles  S.E.  of  Sierra  Leone,  lat.  9°  N.,  Ion.  9° 
20'  W.,  and  stretching  E.  through  the  Mandingo  country, 
along  the  N.  frontier  of  Ashantee,  and  across  Dahomey. 
Height,  probably  not  above  2500  feet.  They  contain  gran- 
ite and  ironstone;  but  little  is  known  regarding  tliem. 

Kongsberg,  kongs'bdnG  ("king's  mountain"),  a  town 
of  Norway,  45  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Christiania,  on 
the  Lauwen.  It  has  a  school  of  mines,  a  royal  manufac- 
tory of  arms  and  powder,  smelting-works  for  silver  and 
cobalt,  and  manufactures  of  cloth,  iron,  toys,  cotton  goods, 
&o.  The  silver-mine  of  Kongsberg,  discovered  in  1623,  is 
the  most  important  in  the  kingdom.     Pop.  4800. 

Kongs'berg,  a  post-office  of  Rock  co.,  Minn. 

Kongsvinger,  kongs'ving-§r,  a  mountain-fortress  of 
Norway,  stift  of  Aggershuus,  amt  of  Iledemarken,  beside 
the  Glommen,  45  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Christiania. 

Konicz,  a  village  of  Bohemia.     See  Kaunitz. 

Konieh,  ko'ne-9h,  Konia,  Koniah,  or  Koniyeh, 
ko'ne-a  or  ko'ne-y§h  (ano.  Ico'nium),  a  city  of  Asia  Minor, 
capital'of  the  vilayet  of  Konieh.  Lat.  37°  51'  N. ;  Ion.  32" 
40'  E.  Pop.  40,000.  Its  walls,  which  are  from  2  to  3  miles 
in  circumference,  were  built  with  materials  of  ancient  edi- 
fices, by  the  Seljook  sultans,  whose  capital  it  was  in  the 
twelfth  century.  The  most  remarkable  building  is  the  In- 
jemi  Minareh  Djarai,  with  exquisite  tracery,  fret-work,  and 
mouldings.  It  has  numerous  other  mosques,  some  colleges, 
Armenian  churches,  public  baths,  khans,  extensive  suburbs, 
a  fortified  palace,  with  some  massive  Arabic  architecture, 
and  some  manufactures  of  carpets  and  colored  leather.  It 
I  is  noted  for  its  great  numbers  of  dervishes. 


KON 


1572 


KOO 


KOnigf  a  Qerman  word,  lignifying  "  king,"  forms  a  part 
•f  Bumarooa  names  in  Central  Europe,  aa  K9.Nio8BfSRO, 
''King'i  Mountoin,"  KfiitiasBACB,  "  King's  Broolc,"  4o. 

Kttaif  grfttz,  ko'niu-grdtsS  a  fortified  town  of  Austria, 
!•  Bohemia,  04  milox  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Prague,  on  the  Elbe. 
Pop.  6403.  Cliief  editices,  a  cathedral,  Jesuits'  ohuruh,  and 
episoopal  palace.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop-suffragan  of 
Prague,  and  has  a  seminary,  a  gymnasium,  and  manufac- 
tures of  organs,  gloves,  and  candles, 

KOnigheim,  ko'niQ-hime\  a  town  of  Baden,  3  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Biaohofshoim.     Pop.  1838. 

KUnighUtte,  kd'nio-hiitH^h,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in 
Ilitnuvcr,  15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Chiusthal.  it  has  important 
Iron -works,  which  employ  500  persons. 

Kdnigiuhofy  ko'nio-in-hor,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  16 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Koniggriitz,  on  the  Elbe.  Pop.  6222. 
It  h:is  manufactures  of  cottons,  linen  fabrics,  and  leather. 

Kbnigsaal,  ko'nio-s&P,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  on  the 
Moldau,  7  miles  S.  of  Prague.     Pop.  1618. 

KOnigsbach,  ko'nios-b&K^  a  town  of  Baden,  10  miles 
S.E.  of  Carlsruhe,  with  a  castle.     Pop.  2033. 

K5nigsberg,  ko'nias-biRa\  a  town  of  Bohemia,  10 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Elbogen,  on  the  Eger.     Pop.  4093. 

Kdnigsberg,  ko'nios-bdRQ^  or  Uj«Banya,  oo'ee- 
bftn'yCih',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Bdos,  on  the  Gran,  24 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Neutra.    Pop.  4400. 

Kdnigsberg,  or  Koenigsberg,  kSn'igz-bdrg  (Ger. 
pron.  ko'nios-bdiia^ ;  h.  Mon»  Me'giua  ;  PoVish,  Kroletoiecz, 
kro-lA've-fltch*),  a  fortified  city  of  East  Prussia,  and  capi- 
tal of  the  government  of  the  same  name,  at  the  junction  of 
numerous  railways,  333  miles  N.E.  of  Berlin,  and  on  the 
Progol,  5  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Frische-Haff.  Lat. 
64°  42' 8"  N.;  Ion.  20°  30' 2"  E.  P.  (1890)  161,528.  It  was 
once  the  capital  of  Prussia,  and  the  residence  of  the  Elec- 
tors of  Brandenburg,  and  ranks  as  the  third  city  in  the 
Prussian  dominions.  It  is  one  of  the  most  strongly  forti- 
fied towns  in  the  world.  It  consists  of  the  town  proper  and 
of  four  suburbs.  The  former  is  divided  into  three  parts, — the 
Altstadt,  or  Old  Town,  situated  on  the  W.,  Lobenicht  on  the 
£.,  and  Kneiphof,  situated  on  an  island  formed  by  the  Pre- 
gcl,  which,  before  entering  the  town  from  the  E.,  divides 
into  two  arms.  The  communication  between  the  island  and 
the  opposite  banks  is  kept  up  by  bridges.  The  principal 
edifices  are  the  royal  castle,  built  in  1257;  the  former  fort- 
ress of  Friedrichsburg,  now  used  as  a  store ;  the  exchange, 
built  in  1624;  the  town  house;  the  cathedral,  built  in  1332, 
with  tombs  of  the  grand  masters  of  the  Teutonic  order  and 
of  the  Dukes  of  Prussia ;  citadel,  exchange,  and  theatre. 
The  university,  founded  in  1554  by  the  Margrave  Albert, 
and  hence  called  the  Albertine,  has  a  library  of  more  than 
250,000  volumes,  a  zoological  museum,  and  other  valuable 
collections,  an  observatory  which  the  labors  of  Bessel  have 
rendered  famous,  and  a  botanic  garden.  There  are,  besides, 
2  theological  seminaries,  3  gymnasia,  schools  of  art  and 
architecture,  and  deaf,  dumb,  and  blind  asylums.  The 
manufactures  comprise  woollens,  cottons,  linens,  silks,  soap, 
tobacco,  leather,  starch,  sealing-wax,  and  refined  sugar. 
The  Pregel  has  a  bar  across  its  mouth,  with  not  more  than 
from  5  to  6  feet  of  water ;  largo  vessels  bound  for  Konigs- 
berg  land  at  Pilau,  which  is  its  port.  The  trade,  notwith- 
standing a  considerable  decline,  is  still  important.  The 
chief  exports  are  wheat,  rye,  barley,  pulse,  flax,  hemp,  rape- 
leed,  oil-cake,  bones,  timber,  wool,  mats,  and  feathers.  The 
principal  imports  are  colonial  produce,  iron  in  pigs  and 
bars,  coal,  cotton-wool,  cotton  twist,  wine,  spirits,  and  un- 
refined sugar,  Konigsberg  was  founded  in  1255,  in  1365 
became  a  member  of  the  Hanseatic  League,  in  1626  was 
surrounded  with  walls,  and  in  1657  received  a  strong  ad- 
ditional defence  in  the  citadel  of  Friedrichsburg. 

Konigsberg,  a  government  of  East  Prussia,  bounded 
N.  by  the  Baltic.    Area,  8145  square  miles.     P.  1,101,647. 

Konigsberg,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  of  Branden- 
burg, 41  miles  N.  of  Frankfort-on-the-Oder.  It  is  walled, 
and  has  several  courts  and  public  offices,  2  churches,  a  court- 
bouse,  a  gymnasium,  and  a  hospital.     Pop.  6350. 

Konigsbriick,  ko'niGs-brilk\  or  Kunsberg,  a  town 
of  Saxony,  17  miles  N.N.E.  of  Dresden.     Pop.  2020. 

Konigsee,  ko'niG-s4\  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Schwarz- 
burg-Rudolstadt,  on  the  Rhine,  17  miles  W.S.W.  of  Rudol- 
stadt.     Pop.  2486. 

'    Konigsee,orBartholom&nssee,baR-toro-m&'oos- 
8&,  a  lake  in  the  S.E.  of  Bavaria.     Length,  5  miles. 

Kdnigsegg,  ko'niG-sdgg\  Konigseck,  ko'nio-s5k\ 
or  Kumzak,  koom'zik,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  with  a  fine 
church  and  school,  31  miles  S.E.  of  Tabor.     Pop.  2489. 
.  Konigsfeld,  ko'niGs-fdlt\  or  Neudorf,  noi'doaf,  a 
Tillage  of  Moravia,  2  miles  N.  of  Briinn.     Pop.  1407. 


KOnigshain,  kii'nias-hin',  a  village  of  Prussian  Silo, 
sia,  51  miles  W.  of  Liognitz.     Pop.  1280. 

KOnigshofen,  ktf'nias-ho'f^n,  a  town  of  Baden,  17 
miles  S.E.  of  Wortheim.     Pop.  1306. 

K6nig8horcn^a  village  of  lihenish  Prussia,  20  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Cologne.     Pop.  2764. 

KUnigshofen-im-Grabfelde,  kS'nias-ho^f^n-im- 
grib'ffil-d^h,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Saalo,  44  miles  N.R, 
of  WUrzburg.     Pop.  2029. 

KOnigshiltte,  ko'nios-hUt^t^b,  a  town  of  Prussia,  la 
Silesia,  on  a  railway,  64  miles  E.S.E.  of  Oppeln.  It  has 
largo  iron-  and  zinc-works,  coal-mines,  and  renowned  min- 
eral  baths.     Pop.  26,040. 

KonigsluUcr,  kS'nias-lSot't^r,  a  town  of  Germany, 
duchy  of  Brunswick,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  llelrastedt,  on  the 
Lutter.  Pop.  2554.  It  has  an  ancient  Benedictine  church, 
with  monuments  to  the  Emperor  Lothaire  II.,  to  bis  cm- 
press,  and  to  Henry  of  Bavaria,  Ac. 

Konigstiidtl,  kb'nia-st6tt'r,  or  Wicstct/-Kra« 
lowy,  ^e-ds'tdts-kr&-lo've,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  40  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Prague.     Pop.  2207. 

Kdnigstein,  ko'nio-stine'  (i.e.,  "  king's  rock"),  a  town 
of  Saxony,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Dresden,  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Elbe.  Pop.  3261.  It  has  a  fortress  situated  on  a  rook, 
450  feet  high,  and  one  of  the  few  in  Europe  never  yet  taken. 
The  royal  treasures  are  usually  deposited  hero  during  war. 

Kdnigstein,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Nassau,  12  mileS' 
N.E.  of  Wiesbaden.     Pop.  1361. 

Konigswald,  ko'niGs-*ilt\  a  village  of  Bohemia,  on 
the  Eriau,  10  miles  from  Tetschen.     Pop.  1510. 

Konigswalde,  ko'niGS-w&Pd^h,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
government  of  Frankfort,  near  Sternberg.     Pop.  1564. 

Konigswalde,  a  village  of  Saxony,  4  miles  N.W.  of' 
Zwickau.     Pop.  2549. 

Konigswarth,  kd'niGs-waRt^  a  town  of  Bohemia,  15 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Elbogen,  with  mineral  springs.  Pop.  1767. 
Its  noble  castle,  the  property  of  Prince  Metternich,  contains 
a  splendid  collection  of  works  of  art. 

Konigswinter,  ko'nics-^inH^r,  a  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  21  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cologne,  on  the  Rhino.     P.  2565. 

Konin,  ko'nin,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  province  and 
33  miles  N.N.E.  of  Kalisz,  on  the  Warta.     Pop.  8144. 

Koningshoyckt,  ko'nings-hoikt^,  a  village  of  Bel- 
gium, 13  miles  S.E.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  2103. 

Konis'ka,  a  post-ofiice  or  hamlet  of  McLeod  co.,  Minn,, 
on  the  South  Fork  of  Crow  River,  60  miles  W.  of  St.  Paul. 

Konitz,  ko'nits,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Moravia,  18 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Olmutz.     Pop.  2022. 

Konitz,  or  Choynica,  Koy-ncet'si,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
58  miles  W.S.W.  of  Marienwerder.  It  has  a  gymnasium 
and  manufactures  of  cloth  and  linen.     Pop.  8046. 

Koniyeh,  Asiatic  Turkey.    See  Konieh. 

Koniz,  ko'nits,  a  village  and  parish  of  Switzerland, 
canton  of  Bern,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Bern.     Pop.  6386. 

Konkair,  a  town  of  India.    Sec  Conkair. 

Konnern,  kon'n^rn,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Corners 

Konniaga,  one  of  the  Aleutian  Islands.     See  Kanaoa. 

Konnon  Kondore,  kon^non'  kon-dOr',  an  island  in 
the  China  Sea,  off  the  S.E.  coast  of  Anam.  Lat.  8°  40'  N. ; 
Ion.  105°  55'  E. 

Konotop,  ko-no-top',  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  96  miles  E.  of  Chernigov,  on  a  railway.     Pop.  9940. 

Konovits,  or  Konowits,  ko'no-vits\  an  island  of 
Russia,  in  Finland,  near  the  W.  shore  of  Lake  Ladoga. 

Konradsreuth,or  Conradsreuth,  kon'rM8-roit\a 
village  of  Bavaria,  27  miles  N.E.  of  Baireuth.     Pop.  1786. 

Konskaia,  kon-ski'il,  a  river  of  Russia,  flows  W.,  and 
enters  the  Dniester  at  Nikopol,  after  a  W.  course  of  13U 
miles. 

Konskie,  konsk'yd,  Konski,  kon'skee,  or  Konsk, 
a  town  of  Poland,  government  and  35  miles  S.W.  of  Radom. 
It  has  iron-forges,  and  manufactures  of  cutlery,  <fcc.  Pop. 
4343. 

Konstadt,  kon'stitt,  or  Wotczin,  votch-een',  a  town 
of  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Oppeln.     P.  2341. 

Konstantinogorsk.    See  Constantinogorsk. 

Konstantiuograd.    See  Constantixograd. 

KonstantinoAV.    See  Constantinov. 

Konstanz,  a  lake  and  city  of  Baden.     See  Cosstancb. 

Kontwig,  or  Contwig,  kont'^ic,  a  village  of  Bava- 
ria, about  3  miles  E.  of  Deux-Ponts.     Pop.  1413. 

Kooba,  Kouba,  or  Kuba,  koo'bi,  a  fortified  town 
of  Russia,  in  the  Caucasus,  province  of  Bakoo,  on  the  S. 
side  of  a  river  of  its  own  name,  55  miles  S.S.E.  of  Derbend. 
Pop.  13,062. 

Kooban,  Kouban,  or  Kuban,  koo-bfln'  (anc 
Hyp'anU  t),  a  river  of  South  Russia,  rises  near  Mount  El- 


KOO 


1573 


KOO 


brooz,  receives  numerous  aflSuents  from  the  Caucasian  moun- 
tain-chain, and,  after  a  generally  W.  course  estimated  at 
380  miles,  enters  the  Bay  of  Kooban,  on  the  Black  Sea,  20 
miles  N.  of  Anapa. 

Kooban,  or  Kuban,  a  district  or  government  of  Rus- 
sia, in  Ciscaucasia,  bounded  AV.  by  the  Sea  of  Azov,  and 
bordering  to  some  extent  on  the  Black  Sea.  Area,  37,168 
square  miles.  Capital,  Yekaterinodar.  Chief  town,  Yeisk. 
Its  people  are  largely  Cossacks.     Estimated  pop.  1,241,363. 

Koobina,  Koubina,  or  Kubina,  koo-beo'n 4,  a  river 
of  Russia,  rises  in  a  small  lake  in  the  W.  part  of  the  gov- 
ernment of  Vologda,  and  falls,  by  two  mouths,  into  Lake 
Koobinskoe.     Length,  170  miles. 

Koobinskoc,  Koubinskoe,  or  Kubinskoe,  koo- 
bin'sko-i\  a  lake  of  Russia,  in  the  S.AV.  of  the  government 
of  Vologda.     Length,  45  miles. 

Koofa,  Koufa,  or  Kufa,  koo'fi,  a  ruined  city  of 
Asiatic  Turkey,  pashalic  and  88  miles  S.  of  Bagdad,  on  an 
affluent  of  the  Euphrates.  The  ancient  Arabic  characters 
called  Cii/ic  take  their  name  from  this  town. 

.  Koofb,  koo'fo,  a  town  of  Africa,  52  miles  S.  by  W,  of 
Kano,  surrounded  by  a  double  wall.     Pop.  20,000. 

Koog-aan-de-Zaan,  koG-4n-di-74n,orDeKoog, 
di  kuG,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North  Holland,  7 
miles  N.W.  of  Amsterdam,  on  the  Zaan.     Pop.  2292. 

Kooka,  Kouka,  or  Kuka,  koo'ki,  or  Kookawa, 
a  town  of  Africa,  former  capital  of  Bornoo,  on  the  W.  bank 
of  Lake  Chad.  It  consists  of  two  regular  oblong  towns, 
each  walled,  of  which  the  smaller  and  eastern  one  contains 
a  palace  of  the  sultan.     It  is  the  seat  of  a  large  trade. 

Kookewaree,  India.    See  Kukewari. 

Kookoo-Kota,  Koukou-Kota,  koo'koo-ko'ti,  or 
Khoton,  ko-ton',  a  town  of  Mongolia,  50  miles  N.W.  of 
the  Great  Wall  of  China.     Lat.  40°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  111°  15'  E. 

Korl^ja,  or  Kuldsha,  kool'ja,  also  written  Guld" 
scha,  formerly  called  £elee  or  Hi,  ee'lee,  a  district  of 
Chinese  Toorkistan,  forming  the  western  portion  of  Soon- 
garia.  From  1870  to  1881  it  was  a  Russian  province.  It  is 
a  mountainous  region,  traversed  by  the  river  Eelee.  Area, 
23,130  square  miles.  Capital,  KooUlja.  Pop.  70,000.  A 
email  part  (4357  square  miles)  is  still  retained  by  Russia. 

Kooldja,  or  £elee  (Chinese,  JVin-  Yuan,  nin-yoo-in'), 
a  town,  capital  of  the  Kooldja  district,  on  the  river  Eelee. 
Lat.  43°  58'  N.;  Ion.  81°  25'  E.  Twenty-five  miles  to  the 
W.  is  the  ruined  town  of  New  Kooldja. 

Koolfo,  Koulfo,  or  Kulfo,  kool'fo^  a  town  of  West 
Africa,  in  Nyff6,  220  miles  S.  W.  of  Kano,  on  the  Mayarrow, 
about  lat.  10°  10'  N.,  Ion.  6°  45'  E.  It  is  surrounded  by  a 
bi|h  wall.     Pop.  about  16,000. 

Koolkoon,  South  Asia.    See  Kuen-Lun. 

Kooloi,  Kouloi,  or  Kuloi,  koo-loi',  a  river  of  Rus- 
sia, falls  into  the  Bay  of  Mezen,  in  the  White  Sea.  Total 
course,  150  miles. 

Kooloo,  a  district  in  India.    See  Cooloo. 

Koom,  Khoom,  Khoum,  or  Kum,  a  decayed  city 
of  Persiii,  province  of  Irak-Ajemee,  80  miles  S.W.  of  Te- 
heran. Pop.  8000.  It  is  surrounded  by  extensive  ruins, 
and  has  a  college  and  a  mosque. 

Kooma,  Kouma,  or  Kuma,  koo'mi,  a  river  of  South 
Russia,  in  the  Caucasus,  enters  the  Caspian  about  135  miles 
S.W.  of  Astrakhan,  after  a  N.E.  course  of  300  miles. 

Koomabad,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Khurrumabad. 

Koomamotoo,  or  Kumamotu,  koo^m&-mo-too',  a 
town  of  Japan,  island  of  Kioo-Sioo,  50  miles  E.  of  Naga- 
saki.   Pop.  in  1884,  41,317. 

Koome-Shah,  Koumi-Chah,  koo'mee-shi',  or 
Koom-Shah,  koom-shi,  a  town  of  Persia,  Irak-Ajemee, 
60  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ispahan,  enclosed  by  walls.  Pop.  4000, 
who  weave  and  dye  cotton  goods. 

Koonashcer,  Kounashir,  or  Kunashir,  koo-ni- 
shcer',  one  of  the  South  Kooril  Islands,  close  on  the  N.E. 
coast  of  Yesso,  Japan.  Lat.  of  the  N.E.  point,  44°  29'  N. ; 
Ion.  146°  8'  E.  It  is  about  70  miles  long,  and  25  miles 
broad.     It  is  thinly  inhabited. 

Koonawar,  Himalaya.    See  Khoonawur. 

Koonawur,  a  town  of  India.    See  Kunawur. 

Koonch,  koonch,  a  town  of  India,  Jhansee  division,  67 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Gwalior.     Pop.  14,841. 

Koondooz.    See  Khoondooz. 

Kooner,  a  river  of  Asia.    See  Kama. 

Kooneshur,  a  village  of  Russia.    See  Shamaka,  Old. 

Koongoor,  Koungour,  or  Kungur,  koong'goor',  a 
town  of  Russia,  government  of  Perm,  near  the  confluence 
of  the  Iren  and  Sylva,  50  miles  S.S.E.  of  Perm.  It  has  fine 
churches,  a  convent,  soap-works,  and  tanneries,  and  a  con- 
.siderable  trade  in  corn.  Near  it  are  fine  quarries  of  alabas- 
ter and  some  remarkable  grottos.     Pop.  10,804. 


Koonia,  Kounia,  or  Kunia,  koon'yi,  a,  river  cf 
Russia,  joins  the  Lovat  after  a  N.  course  of  100  miles. 

Koopiansk,  Koupiansk,  or  Kiipiansk,  koo-po- 
insk',  written  also  Kupensk,  koo-p6nsk',  a  town  of  Rus- 
sia, on  the  Oskoi,  government  and  61  miles  E.S.E.  of  Khar- 
kov.    Pop.  4247. 

Koor,  Kour,  or  Kur,  koor  (ano.  Cyrus),  the  principal 
river  of  Transcaucasia,  flows  mostly  E.S.E.,  and  enters  the 
Caspian  100  miles  -S.W.  of  Bakoo,  after  a  course  estimated 
at  520  miles.  The  chief  afiiuents  are  the  Aras  {Araxea), 
Alazan,  and  Y'ora  or  Yoree. 

Kooranko,  a  territory  of  Africa.    See  Koraxko. 

Koordistan,  Kourdistan,  or  Kurdistan,  i.e.,  the 
"country  of  the  Koords"  (ano.  Cordue'ne  or  Oordye'ne ; 
the  country  of  the  Cardu'chi),  an  extensive  region  of 
West  Asia,  mostly  between  lat.  34°  and  38°  N.  and  Ion.  42° 
and  47°  E.,  and  shared  between  Turkey  and  Persia,  Turk- 
ish Koordistan  being  mostly  comprised  in  the  vilayet  of 
Bagdad,  and  Persian  Koordistan  in  the  province  of  Irak- 
Ajemee.  Area,  estimated  at  500,000  square  miles,  but  its 
limits  are  ill  defined.  Pop.  3,000,000,  of  which  four-fifths 
are  Koords.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  especially  in  the 
N.,  where  Mount  Bisutoon  rises  to  12,000  feet.  The  prin- 
cipal rivers  are  the  Tigris  and  the  Zab  Aid,  Zab  Asfel,  and 
Dialah,  its  affluents.  Cattle-rearing  is  the  chief  occupation 
of  the  population,  and  largo  numbers  of  sheep  and  goats 
are  annually  transported  hence  to  Constantinople,  Aleppo, 
(fee.  The  Turkish  are  more  settled  in  their  habits  than  the 
Persian  Koords ;  but  a  large  proportion  of  the  population 
wander  in  hordes  over  the  country,  which  is  very  imper- 
fectly subjected  to  either  the  Turkish  or  Persian  sovereigns. 
They  are  a  stout,  dark  race,  well  formed,  with  dark  hair, 
small  eyes,  wide  mouth,  and  a  fierce  look.  Almost  every 
man  is  mounted,  and  is  provided  either  with  javelins  about 
3  feet  9  inches  long,  or  a  bow  of  horn  nearly  6  feet  long 
and  a  well-supplied  leathern  quiver.  The  sling,  which 
Xenophon  saw  when  he  passed  through  the  country,  is  still 
in  use.  The  language  is  of  the  same  stock  as  the  modern 
Persian.  The  great  body  of  the  Koords  are  Mohammedans. 
The  women,  unlike  those  of  most  other  Asiatic  nations,  are 
said  to  be  treated  with  much  respect,  while  marriage  is  re- 
garded as  sacred.  The  Koords  were  known  to  the  ancients 
under  the  name  of  Carduchi.  The  population  of  the  Turk- 
ish portion  of  Koordistan  is  supposed  by  Chesney  to  exceed 
2,500,000.  The  principal  towns  are  Arbil,  Altoon-Kupree, 
and  Kerkook. Adj.  Koor'dish  ;  inhab.  Koord. 

Koorgan,  or  Kurgan,  koor^gin',  a  town  of  Western 
Siberia,  on  the  Tobol,  200  miles  above  Tobolsk.    Pop.  6120. 

Koorghi-Nor,  a  lake  of  Asia.    See  Alaktoo-Kool. 

Kooril,  Kouril,  or  Kuril  (koo'ril)  Islands,  a 
group  of  about  25  islands  in  the  North  Pacific,  extending 
from  Kamchatka  to  Japan,  of  which  latter  they  form  a  part, 
between  lat.  43°  40'  and  57  N.  and  Ion.  145°  and  156°  E. 
They  extend  in  length  more  than  700  miles.  Total  esti- 
mated area,  3070  square  miles.  The  population  is  uncer- 
tain, but  small.  The  surface  is  very  irregular.  There  are 
many  volcanic  mountains,  some  rising  to  6000  feet  in  ele- 
vation. The  inhabitants  are  partly  Kamchadales,  and 
partly  Ainos  (rnoce),  a  tribe  which  appears  to  belong  to  the 
same  race  as  the  aborigines  and  peasantry  of  Japan.  They 
live  mostly  by  hunting  and  fishing,  the  products  of  which 
they  barter  to  Russian,  American,  Japanese,  and  Dutch 
traders.    The  chief  islands  are  Itooroop,  Koonasheer,  Parsv- 

moosheer,  Ooroop,  and  Amakootan. Inhab.  Koorilian 

(Kubilian),  koo-ril'e-an. 

Koorin'ga,  a  town  of  South  Australia,  90  miles  by  rail 
N.  of  Adelaide.  Near  it  are  the  rich  Burra-Burra  copper- 
mines. 

Koor-Kara-Oosson.    See  Sooi-Ching-Bao. 

Koornagallee,  a  town  of  Ceylon.    See  Kornegai, 

Koorsk,  Koursk,  or  Kursk,  kooRsk,  a  government 
in  the  S.  of  European  Russia,  bounded  E.  by  Voronezh,  S. 
by  Kharkov,  W.  by  Chernigov,  and  N.  by  Orel.  Area, 
17,382  square  hiiles.  Pop.  2,314,300.  The  surface  is  flat, 
or  undulating ;  the  soil  is  very  fertile,  and  nearly  all  occu- 
pied in  agriculture.  The  manufactures  comprise  coarse 
woollens,  leather,  tallow,  soap,  saltpetre,  and  pottery.  It  is 
the  most  densely  populated  of  any  government  in  Russia. 

Koorsk,  Koursk,  or  Kursk,  a  city  of  Russi.i,  capi- 
tal of  the  above  government,  situated  on  theSeim,  290  miles 
by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Moscow.  Pop.  45,370.  It  is  the  seat 
of  a  Greek  bishop,  and  has  a  gymnasium  and  a  theological 
seminary.  It  has  manufactures  of  leather,  wax,  and  tallow, 
and  an  active  commerce. 

Koorta  Argish,  Kurta  (or  Kurtea)  Argish, 
koor'tl  ar'ghish'  (Fr.  Corte  d'Argis,  Kort  dar^zhees'),  a  town 
and  bishop's  see  of  Roumania,  18  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Rimnik. 


KOO 


1674 


KOR 


Roorthol,  or  Karthnlt  koorUhfll',  a  town  of  British 
India,  district  of  Meerut,  North-Wwt  Prorinoea,  40  miles 
N.  of  Dulhl.     Pop.  7972. 

Koos,  Kons,  or  Kus,  K;?ypt.    See  Qnoos. 

Koosc,  or  Koosn,  a  river  of  Ttidia.     See  Cost. 

Kooohnu,  Kouslmn,  or  Kushan,  koo'shin',  one  of 
the  mo»t  frequented  pBssef  across  the  Hindoo-Koosh  from 
Afghanistan  Into  Toorkistan.  Lat.  35<»  37'  N. ;  Ion.  6S°  55' 
B.     Its  summit  is  o.-timated  to  be  15,000  feet  in  height. 

Koosharem,  a  post-offlco  of  Sevier  co.,  Utah. 

Kooshk,  kooshk,  a  river  of  Afghanistan,  joins  the 
Moorgliftub  in  lat.  36°  16'  N.  and  Ion.  62°  32'  E.,  after  a 
eourso  of  about  130  miles. 

Koosh'tin,  or  Kushtin,  Koosh't^-a,  a  town  of  Ben- 
gal, Nuddciv  district,  on  tlie  Ganges,  TOO  miles  by  railway 
N.N.E.  of  Calcutta.  It  has  a  hospital  and  dispensary,  and 
b  the  scat  of  a  large  trade.     Pop.  9245. 

Koosinia,  Japanese  Archipelago.     See  Coosima. 

Kooskovime,  a  river  of  Alaska.    See  Kiiskoquim. 

Koosnetsk,  Kouznetsk,  Knsnetsk,  or  Knz« 
netzk,  koos-nfitsk',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia,  government 
of  Tomsk.  150  miles  E.N.P].  of  Barnaul.    Pop.  2120. 

Koota,  Kouta,  or  Knta,  koo't&,  a  river  of  Siberia, 
in  Irkootsk,  joins  the  Lena.     Length,  220  miles. 

Kootaiuh,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Kutaieb. 

Kootais,  Kontais,  Kutais,  koo-tis',  or  Kotais, 
ko-tis'  (anc.  Cotatitf),  the  capital  town  of  the  government 
of  Kootais,  as  formerly  of  Imeritia,  Russian  Transcaucasia, 
65  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Poti,  on  the  Rion.     Pop.  12,165. 

Kootais,  or  Kntais,  a  government  of  Russia,  in 
Transcaucasia,  comprising  a  part  of  the  old  provinces  of 
Mingrclia  and  Imeritia,  bounded  Vf.  by  the  Black  Sea. 
Area,  8012  square  miles.    Capital,  Kootais.     Pop.  570,691. 

Kootchook  Mender.    See  Catster. 

Kootenai,  kooMc-ni',  the  most  northern  county  of 
Idaho.  It  is  intersected  by  Clarke's  Fork  of  the  Columbia 
River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Kootenai  River.  Area,  5600 
gquare  miles.    Capital,  Rathdrum.     Pop.  in  1890,  4108. 

Kootenai,  Kootanie,  Flat  Bow,  or  MacGil- 
livray  River,  rises  in  British  Columbia,  on  the  W.  slope 
of  the  Rocky  Mountains.  It  runs  southward  into  Missoula 
CO.,  Montana,  then,  bending  westward,  returns  into  British 
Columbia,  in  which  it  flows  northwestward  and  enters  the 
Columbia  River.     Its  length  is  estimated  at  450  miles. 

Kootubdea,  or  Kutabdia,  kooHiib-dc'a,  a  low,  level 
island  in  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  W.  of  the  Chittagong  coast, 
with  a  light-house,  lat.  21°  56'  30"  N.,  Ion.  93°  45'  E.  It 
was  formerly  populous,  but  it  is  now  almost  unpeopled. 

Kooz'ncts,  Kou.znets,  or  Kusnetzk,  koos-ndtsk', 
A  town  of  Russia,  government  and  110  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Saratov.     Pop.  14,185. 

Ko'pagunge',  or  Gopiganj,  go^pI-gHnj',  a  town  of 
India,  25  miles  W.  of  Benares.     Pop.  6086. 

Ko'pal',  a  town  of  Russian  Toorkistan,  government  of 
Semiretchensk,  about  125  miles  N.W.  of  Kooldja,     P.  4339. 

Kopcseny,  kopVhW,  or  Kitsee,  kit'sd',  a  town  of 
Hungary,  co.  of  Wieselburg,  4  miles  from  Presburg. 

Kop'el,  or  Afarysvilie,  a  village  of  Mercer  CO.,  0., 
in  Marion  township,  17  miles  from  Versailles,  and  about  54 
miles  N.N.W.  of  D.ayton.     Pop.  305. 

Kdpenick,  ko'p^h-nik^  or  Kdpnik,  a  town  of  Prus- 
Bia,  in  Brandenburg,  on  an  island  formed  by  the  Spree  and 
Dahme,  8  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Berlin.  It  has  an  old  royal 
palace,  now  used  as  a  military  depot.     Pop.  7113. 

Kopidino,  ko-pe-dee'no,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Bidschow.     Pop.  1577. 

Kdping,  chJj'ping,  a  town  of  Sweden,  lasn  and  20  miles 
S.W.  of  Westeris,  at  the  W.  extremity  of  the  Mtelar  Lake, 
on  a  railway.     Pop.  1867. 

Kopparberg,  Sweden.    See  Faliw. 

Kopreinitz,  ko'prl-nits*,  or  Kopreinicza,  ko'prl- 
nit^s4  (Hun.  Kaproncia,  kSh^pront's3h'),  a  town  of  Hun- 
gary, Croatia,  27  miles  E.S.E.  of  Warasdin.     Pop.  5684. 

Koprili,  ko-pree'lee,  a  town  of  European  'Turkey,  in 
Macedonia,  23  miles  S.  of  Uskup.     Pop.  about  5000. 

Koptos,  a  town  of  Upper  Egypt.    See  Kuft. 

Kopul,  ko-pul',  or  Copaul,  ko-pawl',  a  town  of  India, 
presidency  of  Bombay,  130  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Kurnool. 
'  Kopurtheila,  India.    See  Kapoorthella. 

Kopyl,  ko-pil',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  55 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Minsk.     Pop.  1060. 

Kopys,  ko-pis',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  30 
miles  5f.  of  Moheelev,  on  the  Dnieper,     Pop.  1860. 

Koramas,  a  river  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Kara-Soo. 

Korang'amite  Lake,  in  the  S.W.  of  the  county  of 
drcnville,  Victoria,  Australia,  is  18  miles  long  and  4  miles 
tn  average  breadth,  and  together  with  the  Little-Koranga- 


mite,  which  is  a  pendant  to  the  larger  lake,  It  is  estimated 
to  have  an  area  of  80  square  miles.  Its  waters  are  in- 
tensely salt.  In  summer  the  level  of  the  lake  is  lower  than 
in  winter,  and  the  exposed  surface  is  covered  with  salt. 

Koranko,  ko-r&n'ko,  or  Kooranko,  koo-r&n'ko,  % 
territory  of  West  Africa,  E.  of  Sierra  Leone,  between  lat, 
8°  20'  and  9°  20'  N.,  Ion.  9°  40'  and  11°  80'  W.  Of  thtt 
region  very  little  is  known. 

Korassan,  a  province  of  Persia.    See  Kitorassait. 

Korat,  ko'rAt',  a  town  of  Indo-China,  138  miles  N.E.  of 
Bangkok,  and  capital  of  a  small  state  of  the  same  name.  It 
stands  on  a  high  spot  of  difficult  access.  Pop.  7000.  The 
state  has  60,000  innabitants. 

Korbach,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Corbacit. 

Kor'bel'8  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  Ij 
on  the  Fulton  &  Guerneville  Railroad,  at  Korbel's  Station, 
74  miles  N.  of  San  Francisco.     Here  is  a  saw-mill. 

Korbers,  the  German  for  Corbi^uks. 

Kordofan,  kor-do-f4n',  a  country  of  Africa,  forming  a 
province  of  Egyptian  Soodan,  mostly  between  lat.  11°  and 
15°  N.  and  Ion.  28°  and  32°  E.,  having  on  the  E.  Sennaar 
and  on  the  W.  Darfoor.  The  Bahr-el-Abiad  forms  part  of 
its  E.  limit.  Formerly  many  slaves  were  sent  from  it  into 
Egypt;  but  this  trade  appears  to  have  been  checked.  The 
inhabitants  consist  of  the  negroes  or  aborigines,  the  Arabs 
or  free  people,  and  those  who  have  emigrated  from  Dongola, 
The  Dongolawee  are  the  most  opulent,  and  nearly  the  whole 
of  the  export  trade  is  in  their  hands.  The  country  is  gen- 
erally level.  Gums,  oil-seeds,  durra,  and  cotton  are  staple 
products.  Kordofan  was  subdued  by  Mohammed  Alee  in 
1820.  Principal  town.  El  Obeid.  Pop.  278,740,  of  whom 
114,000  are  nomadic. 

Korea,  a  country  of  Asia.     See  Corea.    • 

Kore'a,  a  native  state  of  India,  in  Chuta-Nagpoor,  lat, 
81°  58'  15"-82°  48'  15"  E.,  Ion.  22°  55'  50"-23°  49'  15" 
N.,  entirely  surrounded  by  other  small  native  states.  Area, 
1631  square  miles.  It  is  a  broken  sandstone  plateau  with 
large  forests.  It  is  governed  by  a  rajah,  tributary  to  the 
British.  Capital,  Souhat,  a  small  village.    Total  pop.  21,127, 

Koree,  koVeo',  the  easternmost  arm  of  the  Indus  River, 
at  its  delta,  dividing  Sinde  from  Cutch.  Lot.  23°  30'  N.; 
Ion.  68°  25'  E.  Its  mouth,  7  miles  in  width,  is  navigable 
16  miles  to  Cotasir. 

Korelia,  a  district  of  Russia.    See  Karema. 

Koremoz,  a  branch  of  the  Euphrates.     See  Kara-Soo. 

Korenicsa,  or  Korenitsa,  ko-ri-nee'ch4,  Ohku, 
o'b?r,  and  Unter,  5on'tcr,  two  nearly  contiguous  villages 
of  Croatia,  60  miles  S.S.E.  of  Carlstadt.     Pop.  4628. 

Koreunaia,  ko-rfin-ni'4,  a  village  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment and  18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Koorsk,  with  a  convent  and 
one  of  the  largest  fairs  in  Russia. 

Korgo,  kor'go,  a  small  island  in  the  Persian  Gulf,  2 
miles  N.  of  Karak.     Lat.  29°  23'  N. ;  Ion.  50°  17'  E. 

Koritschan,  ko-rect-shln',  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Mo- 
ravia, 30  miles  E.S.E.  of  BrUnn.     Pop.  1750. 

Kork,  koRk,  a  village  of  Baden,  on  the  Kinzig,  8  milel 
by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Offcnburg.     Pop.  1059. 

Korlin,  koR-lecn',  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  17 
miles  S.W.  of  Koslin.     Pop.  3157. 

K5rmocz  Banya,  the  Hungarian  name  of  Kremkitz. 

Kormond,  or  Kocrmoend,  kBR'mond',  a  town  of 
Hungary,  co.  of  Eisenburg,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Pinka 
with  the  Raab,  15  miles  S.  of  Stein-am-Anger.  It  has  a 
magnificent  old  castle.     Pop.  3937. 

Korna,  kor'nd,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  vilayet  of 
Bagdad,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Euphrates  and  Tigris,  38 
miles  N.W.  of  Bassorah. 

Kornegal,  kor-ni-gS,l',  Kornegalle,  or  Koorna- 
gallee,  koor-na-gil'lee,  also  called  Kurunegala,  a 
town  of  Ceylon,  48  miles  N.E.  of  Colombo.  It  is  sur 
rounded  by  woods.   Pop.  3682;  of  Kornegal  district,  207,891, 

Kornelimtinster,  kor-nA'lee-miin'stQr,  Kornelius" 
mUnster,kor-n4'lee-Cos-mUn'st?r,  orKornelmunster, 
koR'n§l-miin*st?r,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  4  miles  S.E, 
of  Aix-la-Chapelle.     Pop.  of  commune,  2907. 

Kornenburg,  koR'noi'bOoRO,  a  town  of  Lower  Aus- 
tria, on  the  Danube,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Vienna,  and  on  the 
railway  to  Stockerau.  It  has  a  fine  Gothic  church,  and 
manufactures  of  carpets  and  wine.     Pop.  4256. 

Kornhaus,  konn'hdwss,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  24  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Prague.     Pop.  1179. 

Koro,  one  of  the  Fcejee  Islands.    See  OoRO. 

Ko'ro,  a  post-office  of  Winnebago  co..  Wis. 

Korolcvetz,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Krolevets. 

Ko'ron,  a  fortified  seaport  town  of  Greece,  on  the  Gulf 
of  Koron,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Cape  Gallo.  Pop.  3382.  Se» 
Gulf  of  KcntoN. 


KOR 


15?5 


KOS 


Koronowo,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Krone, 

Korop',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  80  miles  E. 
of  Chernigov,  on  a  stream  of  its  own  name.     Pop.  5381. 

Koros,  ko'rosli',  a  river  of  Hungary,  rises  by  several 
heiids  in  Transylvania,  flows  W.,  and,  after  a  course  of  200 
miles,  joins  the  Theiss  at  Csongrad. 

Koros,  Hungary.    See  Kis-Koros  and  Nagy-Koros. 

Korotayak,  Korotaiak,  Korot^uak,  ko-ro-ti- 
yik',  or  Korotoiak,  a  town  of  llussia,  government  and 
48  miles  S.  of  Voronezh,  on  the  Don.     Pop.  8620. 

Korotcha,  ko-ro'ohi,  or  Karotcha,  ki-ro'chi,  a 
town  of  Russia,  government  and  68  miles  S.E.  of  Koorsk. 
Pop.  6563.     It  is  well  built,  and  has  several  churches. 

Korpo,  koR'po,  an  island  of  Finland,  Isen  and  35  miles 
S.W.  of  Abo,  in  the  Baltic.     Circuit  about  18  miles. 

Korsabad,  Asiatic  Turkey.     See  Khorsabad. 

Kors5r,  or  Korsoer,  kor'soR^  a  town  of  Denmark, 
island  of  Sceland,  on  the  Great  Belt,  64  miles  by  rail  W.S.W. 
of  Copenhagen.  It  has  good  docks  and  a  harbor  which 
admits  vessels  drawing  from  17  to  18  feet,  and  ia  defended 
by  a  fort.     Pop.  3759. 

KorssuDt  a  town  of  Ruesia.    See  Karsooi*. 

Kortetz,  an  island  of  Russia.    See  Cortetz. 

Kort'right,  a  post-village  in  Kortright  township,  Del- 
aware CO.,  N.Y.,  about  56  miles  W.S.W.  of  Albany.  It  has 
a  church  and  about  25  houses.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1679. 

Kortryk,  a  town  af  Belgium.    See  Courtrai. 

Kortsheva,  or  Kortschewa,  koRt-shi'vi,  a  town 
of  Russia,  government  and  40  miles  E.  of  Tver,  on  the 
Volga,  with  1850  inhabitants,  and  an  active  export  trade. 
•  Korvey,  or  Corvey,  kor'vi,  a  hamlet  of  Prussia,  in 
Westphalia,  on  the  Weser,  42  miles  S.E.  of  Minden.  It  is 
noted  for  its  ancient  abbey,  now  a  prince's  residence,  with 
a  groat  library.     Pop.  112. 

Korwestheim,  koR'<^§st-hIme\  orKornwestheim^ 
a  village  of  WUrtemberg,  circle  of  Neckar.     Pop.  1646. 

Korzul,  the  Slavonic  for  Curzola. 

Kos,  an  island  and  gulf  of  Asiatic  Turkey.     See  Cof?. 

Kosching^,  kosh'ing,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  30  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Ratisbon.    Pop.  1550. 

Koschmin,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Kozmik. 

Kosciusko^  kos^s^-us'koj  a  county  in  the  N.E.part  of 
ImHana,  has  an  area  of  about  650  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Tippecanoe  and  Eel  Rivers  and  Turkey 
Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is 
diversified  with  small  lakes.  About  one-third  of  the  area 
is  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  sugar-maple  abounds. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  oats,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad  and  the 
Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railroad.  Cap- 
ital, Warsaw.  Pop.  in  1870,  23,531;  in  1880,  26,494;  in 
1890,  28,645. 

Kosciusko,  a  station  in  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  <fc  Chicago  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  by 
S.  of  Warsaw. 

■  Kosciusko,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Attala  oo..  Miss., 
on  the  Yockanockany  Creek,  and  on  the  Mississippi  division 
(Aberdeen  Branch)  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  about 
60  miles  N.N.E.  of  Jackson.  It  has  7  churches,  2  banks, 
ai)d  3  Bcwspaper  offices.  Pop.  in  1880,  11 26;  in  1890,1394. 
^Kosciusko  Junction,  in  Holmes  co..  Miss.,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Aberdeen  Branch  with  the  main  line  of 
ihe  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  18  miles  W.  of  Kosciusko. 

Kosciusko,  Mount.     See  Morsr  Kosciusko. 

Kosel,  ko'zQl,  a  fortified  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  26 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Oppein,  on  the  Oder,  at  a  railway  junction. 
Pop.  4746.  Alt  Kosel,  lit  ko'z?l,  is  a  village  in  Silesia, 
S.  of  Kosel. 

Koselets,  or  Koseletz,  ko-si-lits',  a  town  of  Rus- 
sia, government  and  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chernigov,  on  the 
Oster.    Pop.  5078.    It  has  a  cathedral  and  a  fort. 

Koselsk,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Kozelsk. 

Kosenitzy,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland.    See  Kozienice. 

Kosfeld,  or  Koesfeld,  kos'fSlt,  a  walled  town  of  Prus- 
sia, in  Westphalia,  20  miles  W.  of  Milnster.  It  has  2  cas- 
tles, 3  churches  and  chapels,  a  synagogue,  a  gymnasium, 
knd  a  hospital.    Pop.  3802. 

Koshakea,  a  town  of  Transylvania,     See  Kolos. 
^  Kosli'konong,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  Wis.,  on 
Koshkonong  Lake.    Pop.  3556.    It  contains  Fort  Atkinson. 

Koshkonong,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Rock  co., 
Wis.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  13  miles 
K.N.E.  of  Janesville,  and  1  mile  S.E.  of  Koshkonong  Lake. 

Koshkonong  Creek,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Dane  co., 
runs  eastward  and  southward,  and  enters  Koshkonong  Lake 
about  12  miles  S.W.  of  Jefferson. 


Koshkonong  Lake,  Wisconsin,  is  an  expansion  of 
Rock  River,  which  enters  the  N.E,  end  in  Jefferson  co., 
and  issues  from  the  S.W.  extremity  of  the  lake  at  the  N. 
border  of  Rock  co.  It  is  about  8  miles  long  and  4  miles 
wide,  and  abounds  in  ducks.     The  water  is  not  very  deep. 

Kosiki  (ko-see'kee)  Islands,of  Japan,  are  in  lat.  31° 
40'  N.,  Ion.  129°  42'  E.,  surrounded  by  rocks  on  all  sides. 

Kosima,  ko-see'mA,  an  island  of  Japan,  in  lat.  41°  21' 
30"  N.,  Ion.  139°  46'  E.,  10  miles  in  circuit. 

Kositze,  a  city  of  Hungary.    See  Kaschah. 

Koslin,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Coslin. 

Koslov,  or  Koslow,  kos-lov',  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment and  52  miles  W.N.W.  of  Tambov,  on  the  Lesnoi 
Voronezh.  It  contains  8  churches  and  a  monastery,  and 
has  a  considerable  trade  in  cattle  and  tallow.     Pop.  26,522. 

Koslov,  or  Koslow,  Russia.    See  Eupatoria. 

Kosmodemiansk,  or  Kosmodemjansk,  kos-mo* 
d3m-y3.nsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  103  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Kazan,  on  the  Volga.     Pop.  5845. 

Kosse,  kSs'ea,  a  post-village  of  Limestone  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  Houston  <fc  Texas  Central  Railroad,  155  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Houston,  and  110  miles  S.  of  Dallas.  ■  It  has  a  church, 
an  academy,  a  broom-factory,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  647. 

Kosseir,  or  Cosseir,  kos'sir',  a  seaport  town  of  Up- 
per Egypt,  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  Red  Sea,  95  miles  E.  of 
Keneh.  Lat.  26°  8'  N. ;  Ion.  .34°  15'  E.  Pop.  from  1500 
to  2000.  It  is  an  entrepot  for  the  trade  between  Egypt  and 
Arabia,  and  is  defended  by  a  citadel.  Old  Kosseir  is  6 
miles  N.W.  of  the  above. 

Kossmannos,  koss'min-nos,  or  Kosmonos,  kos'.> 
mo-nos,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Buntzlau. 
Pop.  2521. 

Kossovia,  a  city  of  Hungary.    See  Kasciiau. 

Kossovo,  kos-so'vo,  or  Kassovo,  a  town  of  European 
Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Pristina. 
■  Kossuth,  k53-sooth',  a  northern  county  of  Iowa,  has  an 
area  of  984  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  East  Fork, 
of  Des  Moines  River,  which  runs  southward  and  divides  it 
into  nearly  equal  parts.  The  West  Fork  or  main  stream 
of  the  Des  Moines  touches  the  S.W.  corner  of  this  county. 
A  large  portion  of  it  is  prairie.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Iowa  and  Dakota  division  of  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad  and  by  the  Chicago 
<k  Northwestern  Railroad.  Capital,  Algona.  Pop.  in  1870, 
3361;  in  1880,  6178;  in  1890,  13,120. 

Kossnth,  a  post-hamlet  in  Monroe  township,  Washing- 
ton-co.,  Ind.,  44  miles  W.  of  Madison.     It  has  2  churches. 

Kossuth,  a  post-village  of  Des  Moines  co.,  Iowa,  near 
the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Minnesota  Railroad,  18 
miles  N.  of  Burlington.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy, 
and  a  flour-mill.  Kossuth  Station  is  at  Mediapolis,  2  miles 
W,  of  Kossuth. 

Kossnth,  a  post-village  of  Alcorn  co,,  Miss.,  9  miles 
S.W.  of  Corinth.  It  has  an  academy,  2  churches,  a  grist- 
mill, a  foundry,  a  machine-shop,  a  plough-factory,  and  a 
steam  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  300. 

Kossuth,  a  post-village  of  Auglaize  co.,  0.,  in  Salem 
township,  on  the  Miami  <fe  Erie  Canal,  about  15  miles  S.W. 
of  Lima.  It  has  a  church  and  manufactures  of  carriages 
and  furniture.     Pop.  112. 

Kossuth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarion  co..  Pa.,  about  14 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Oil  City, 

Kossuth,  township,  Manitowoc  co..  Wis.     Pop.  2260. 

Kossuth,  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  co,,  Ontario,  4 
miles  S.E.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  150, 

Kossuth  Centre,  a  hamlet  of  Kossuth  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  East  Fork  of  Des  Moines  River,  8  miles  above  Algona. 

Kostainicza,  kos-ti-neet'si,  or  Kostanitz,  kos'td- 
nits\  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Croatia,  on  the  military  frontier, 
20  miles  S.E.  of  Petrinia.     Pop.  2067. 

Kostambul,  Asia  Minor.    See  Kastamoonee. 

Kostanitz,  kos't3,-neets\  a  town  of  Turkey,  in  Roume- 
lia, g.  of  the  Balkan,  130  miles  W.N.W.  of  Adrianoplo. 

Kostel,  kos't^l,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Moravia,  on  the 
Thaya,  28  miles  S.S.E.  of  Brunn.     Pop.  2223, 

Kosteletz,  kos't^h-ldts^,  or  Kostcletz-ani-Ad> 
lerflusse,  kos't^h-lfits^-im-i'dl^r-floos's^h,  a  town  of 
Bohemia,  on  the  Adler,  17  miles  E,S.E.  of  Koniggriitt 
Pop,  3168. 

Kosteletz,  or  Kosteletz-an-der-Elbc,  kos'tfh- 
I4t8*-in-d4r-firb?h,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  23  miles  N.W.  of 
Kaurzim,  on  the  Elbe.     Pop.  3032, 

Kosteletz,  kos't^h-lits^  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Mo- 
ravia, 12  miles  S.W,  of  Olmutz,     Pop,  1360. 

Kosten,  kos't^n,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland,  26  milei 
S.W,  of  Posen,  on  the  Obra,     Pop.  3961. 


KOS 


1576 


KOT 


Kostenblut,  kos'ttn-bld9t\  a  town  of  Prussian  Silosia, 
19  ii.ilos  W.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  1173. 

Kuntendil,  European  Turkey.    See  GniusTRNDiL. 

KUstritz,  kiis'trits,  a  viIIako  of  Gorinany,  in  Keuss- 
Sohlcii,  on  the  Elster,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Gera.     Pup.  151C. 

Kustrunia,  koe-tro'iu&,  a  rirer  of  Russia,  joins  tlie 
Voltfu  At  Koiitruma,  after  a  S.  course  of  130  miles. 

Kostroinn,  a  government  of  European  Itussia,  near 
its  centre.  Area,  30,813  square  miles.  Nearly  the  entire 
surface  is  piutturo-land  and  forests,  except  a  small  part  in 
the  S.W.,  which  belongs  to  the  manufacturing  district  of 
Central  Russia.     Pop.  1,176,097. 

Ku8troiiia,  a  city  of  European  Russia,  capital  of  the 
govurnment  of  Kostroma,  200  miles  N.E.  of  Moscow,  at  the 
oonfluenoo  of  the  Kostroma  and  the  Volga.  It  is  the  see  of 
a  bi:<h()p,  and  has  a  fine  cathedral,  a  gymnasium,  a  bell- 
foundry,  and  manufactures  of  leather,  cloth,  Prussian  blue, 
Boap,  and  candles.     Pop.  27,178. 

Kosva,  or  Koswa,  kos'vi,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in 
the  government  of  Perm,  flows  first  S.W.,  then  W.,  and 
joins  the  Kama  on  the  left,  after  a  course  of  180  miles. 

Koswigk,  a  town  of  Central  Germany.    See  Coswia. 

Ko'sy,  or  Ko'see,  a  town  of  India,  60  miles  N.W.  of 
Agra.     Pop.  12,410. 

Kbszegh,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  GiJNS. 

Kosz'ta,  a  post-village  in  llonoy  Creek  township,  Iowa 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Iowa  River,  32  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cedar 
Rapids.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Kot,  or  Kote^  is  the  initial  name  of  numerous  small 
towns  of  Northwest  India. 

Kot-Adu,  kOt-4-doo',  a  town  of  India,  province  of 
Punjab,  Mooltan  division.     Pop.  5552. 

Kotah,  ko'ti,  a  populous  and  strongly-fortified  town 
of  India,  capital  of  the  Kotah  state,  on  the  Chumbul,  190 
miles  S.W.  of  Agra,  in  lat.  25°  9'  N.,  Ion.  75°  5'  E.  It  is 
entered  by  double  gateways,  and  has  some  good  bazaars, 
numerous  temples  and  substantial  dwellings,  a  palace,  and 
manufactures  of  cloths,  &o. 

Kotah,  a  Rajpoot  state  of  India,  subsidiary  to  the 
British.  It  is  enclosed  by  the  Qwalior,  Odeypoor,  and 
Kishenagur  dominions,  has  an  area  of  4400  square  miles, 
and  is  among  the  most  flourishing  native  states  of  India, 
though  very  hot  and  unhealthy.     Pop.  443,000. 

Kotais,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Kootais. 
.  Koteghur,   or  Kotgarh,  kot-gfir'  (Hindoo,   Kata- 
ghara,  ki-ti-gi'ri),  a  town  of  India,  in  Gurhwal,  capital 
of  a  chiefship,  near  the  Sutlej,  43  miles  E.  of  Belaspoor. 

Kote-Kangra,  or  Kot*Kangra.    See  Kanora. 

Kotelnitch,  or  Kotelnitsch,  ko-t81-neetch'  or  ko- 
tfil-nitch',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  50  miles  S.W. 
of  Viatka,  near  the  Viatka  River.     Pop.  2976. 

Kotclnoi,  ko-tSl-noi',  an  island  of  Siberia,  the  princi- 
pal of  an  extensive  group  N.  of  Sviatoi-Nos,  in  the  Arctic 
Ocean,  beyond  the  mouth  of  the  Lena,  between  lat.  74°  30' 
and  76°  10'  N.,  Ion.  140°  E.  It  is  a  desolate  mass  of  rocky 
mountains,  130  miles  long  and  70  miles  broad. 

Kothen,  Koethen,  or  Cothen,  ko't^n,  a  town  of 
Germany,  in  Anhalt,  at  a  railway  junction,  19  miles  N.  of 
Halle.  Pop.  13,56  L  It  has  a  normal  school,  a  gymnasium, 
a  theatre,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths  and  linens. 

Koti,  Coti,  ko'tee,  Koeti,  koo'tce,  or  Koti  Lama, 
ko'tee  l&'mi,  a  state  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Borneo, 
on  the  Strait  of  Macassar,  subject  to  Dutch  supremacy. 

Koti,  the  capital  of  the  above  district,  on  an  island  in 
the  chief  arm  of  the  river  Koti,  6  miles  from  its  mouth,  in 
lat.  0°5S'S.,  Ion.  117°  10' E.    It  contains  the  rajah's  palace. 

Koti,  Kuti,  or  Mahakkan,  a  river  in  the  island  of 
Borneo,  fails  by  many  mouths  into  Koti  Bay,  on  the  Strait 
of  Macassar.     Total  course,  about  300  miles. 
.   Kotieschan,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Chotieschau. 

Kot-  (or Kote-)Kainalia,kot-k4-m&'l9-&,a  fortified 
town  of  India,  province  of  Punjab,  near  the  Ravee,  115  miles 
S.W.  of  Lahore.     Pop.  5695. 

KotMah,  a  town  of  India,  28  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Agra. 
Pop.  7120. 

Kotlarnia,  a  village  of  Prussia.    See  Jacobswalde. 

Kotra,  kot'rH,  a  large  town  of  India,  near  the  Gwalior 
Territory,  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Hindia. 

KoUree',  a  village  of  Sinde,  on  the  Koree  estuary,  and 
the  place  of  embarkation  between  Hyderabad  and  Cutch. 

Hotrce,  a  village  of  Sinde,  on  the  Indus,  nearly  oppo- 
site Hyderabad,  and  an  important  military  post.  A  rail- 
way  connects  it  with  Kurrachee. 

Kotree,  a  village  of  Beloochistan,  province  of  Cutch 
Gundava,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Gundava.  Lat.  28°  24'  N. ;  Ion. 
87"  27'  E.     It  has  a  fort  and  a  good  bazaar. 

Kotruns   "r  Kotrang,  koHrilng',  a  town  of  Bengal, 


district  of  H<»ogly,  on  the  river  Hoogly,  7  miles  by  rail  N. 
of  Howrah.    It  lias  brick-yards  and  workshops.    Pop.  6811* 

Kotta-Waringiii,  kot'tA-wi-rin-ghin^  written  also 
Cotariugin,  a  town  on  the  S.  coast  of  Borneo,  on  a  rivor 
of  its  own  name.     Lat.  2°  47'  S. ;  Ion.  11 1°  21'  E. 

Kotta-Waringin,  or  Cotaringin,  a  river  in  the 
island  of  Borneo,  rises  in  a  lake  in  the  interior,  and,  after 
a  S.  by  W.  course  of  about  86  miles,  falls  into  the  Java  Sen. 

KottbU8,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Cottbus. 

Kotzcbue  (kot'se-bu)  Sound,  Alaska,  is  an  inlet  of 
Bohring  Strait,  between  Cnpcs  Krusenstorn  and  Espcnberir 
Lat.  66°-68°  N.;  Ion.  162°-167°  W. 

Kotzschenbroda,  kSt'sh^n-bro'di,  a  village  of  Sa.T- 
ony,  near  Dresden.     Pop.  1971. 

Kcit^ting,  kiits'ting,  a  town  of  Lower  Bavaria,  38 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Ratisbon.     Pop.  1559. 

Koiiang-Si,  a  province  of  China.    See  QnANC-SKE. 

Kouang-Sin-Fou,  China.    See  Quano-Si.v-Foo. 

Kouang-Toung  and  Kouaug-Ping.  See  Quano- 
To>fG  and  Quano-Pi.no. 

Kouara  and  Kouarri,  Africa.    See  Niqeu. 

Koiiarri,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Qoarri. 

Kouba,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Kooba. 

Kouban,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Kooban. 

Koiibiiia,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Koobina. 

Koiibiiiskoc,  a  lake  of  Russia.    See  Koobixskoe. 

Koiichibouguac,  koo'she'boo'gwik',  a  post-village  in 
Kent  CO.,  New  Brunswick,  on  the  Kouchibouguao  River,  12 
miles  from  Richibucto.  It  contains  3  hotels,  2  stores,  and 
several  saw-mills,  and  has  a  large  lumber-trade.     Pop.  COO, 

Koudekerk,  kow'd^h-kfiuk',  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, province  of  South  Holland,  5  miles  E.S.E.  of  Leyden, 
on  the  Rhine.     Pop.  1230. 

Koudekerkc,  kCiw'd^h-kSK^k^h,  a  village  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, in  the  island  of  Walcheren,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Mid- 
delburg. 

Kouei-Ling,  a  city  of  China.    See  Kwei-Lin. 

Kouei-Te,  a  city  of  China.    See  Kwei-Te. 

Kouei-Yang,  a  city  of  China.    See  Koei-Ya.no. 

Kouen-IiUn,  mountain-range,  Asia.    See  Kuex-LuH' 

Koufa,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey.    See  Koofa. 

Kouka,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Kooka. 

Koukou-Kota,  or  Khoton.    See  Kookoo-Kota. 

Koulfo,  a  town  of  West  Africa.    See  Koolpo. 

Koulkoun,  a  mountain-range  of  Asia.  See  Kuex-Lus. 

Kouloi,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Kooloi. 

Koum,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  KooAr. 

Kounia,  a  village  of  Russia.    See  Kooma. 

Koum-Shah,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Koome-Shah. 

Kouiiashir,  Kooril  Islands.     See  Kooxasheer. 

Koundouz,  a  town  of  Asia.    See  Khooxdooz. 

Koungour,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Kooxgoor. 

Kounia,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Kooxia. 

Koupiansk,  a  tovvn  of  Russia.    See  Koopiansk. 

Kour,  a  river  of  West  Asia.     See  Koor. 

Kouramas,  a  river  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Kara-Soo. 

Kour4istan,acountry  of  West  Asia.   See  Kookdistah. 

Kourile  Islands.    See  Kooril  Islands. 

Kour-Kara-Ousson.    See  Sooi-Chixg-Bao. 

Koursk,  a  government  of  Russia.    See  KoonsK. 

Kons,  a  town  of  Upper  Egypt.    See  Ghoos. 

Koushan,  a  pass  of  the  Hindoo-Koosh.    See  KoosnAS, 

Kouskoguim,  a  river  of  Alaska.    See  Kuskoqi'lh. 

Koussie,  kow'see,  Kow'sie  River,  or  Sand  Kivcr, 
in  Capo  Colony,  South  Africa,  enters  the  Atlantic  in  laU 
29°  40'  S.,  Ion.  17°  E. 

Kouta,  a  river  of  Asiatic  Russia.    See  Koota. 

Koutaieh,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Kutaieh. 

Koutais,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia.    See  Kootais. 

Kouts'  (kowts'iz)  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Porter 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Chicago  with 
Logansport,  61  miles  S.E.  of  Chicago. 

Kouznets,  or  Kouznetz,  Russia.    Sec  Koozxets. 

Kov^a,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Kavava. 

Kovdo,  Kowdo,  kov'do,  or  Kovdozero,  kov-do 
zi'ro,  a  lake  of  Russia,  in  the  W.  part  of  the  government 
of  Archangel,  about  30  miles  long  by  24  miles  broad,  con- 
tains numerous  islands,  and  discharges  itself  by  the  river 
Kovda  into  the  Gulf  of  Kandalaska. 

Kovel,  or  Kowel,  ko-vfil',  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Vol- 
hynia,  97  miles  N.W.  of  Ostrog.     Pop.  4919. 

Kovesd,  Mezo,  Hungary.     See  Mezo  Kovezsd. 

KoTUO,  or  Kowno,  kov'no  (Ger.  Kauen,  kOw'^n  ;  L. 
Couna),  a  town  of  Russia,  capital  of  the  government  of 
Kovno,  58  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Vilna,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Niemen,  at  the  influx  of  the  Svieta-Niemeo. 
Pop.  49,900.    It  has  many  religious  establishments.   Large 


KOV 


I57T 


KRE 


quantities  of  mead  are  brewed  here,  and  the  town  has  an 
active  trade  in  corn,  Ac. 

Kovno,  formerly  Saraogitia,  a  government  of  Rus- 
sia, bordering  on  Germany,  and  nearly  reaching  the  Baltic. 
Area,  15,686  square  miles.  It  is  generally  level  and  well 
watered,  and  has  extensive  forests.  Few  of  its  people  are 
Russians,  the  old  stock  being  Samogitians,  a  people  speak- 
ing a  lano-uage  closely  allied  to  the  Lithuanian.  Capital, 
Kovno.     Pop.  (1882)  1,444,614. 

Kovrov,  or  Kowrow,  kov'rov,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment and  75  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Vladimeer.     P.  4893. 

Kowal,  or  Koval,  ko'v41,  a  town  of  Poland,  govern- 
ment, province,  and  80  miles  W.N.W.  of  Warsaw.  Lat, 
62°  32'  N. ;  Ion.  21°  30'  E.     Pop.  3126. 

Kowaliga,  k6w'a-li-gah,  post-office,  Elmore  co.,  Ala. 

Kowarra  (or  Quorra)  River.    See  Niger. 

Kowno,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Kovno. 

Kowrah,  kow'ri,  a  town  of  India,  in  Cutch,  in  an 
oasis  of  the  Runn,  36  miles  N.  of  Bhooj. 

Kowreenagur,  kow-ree-ni-gur',  a  town  of  India,  in 
the  Guzerat  peninsula,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Diu  Head. 

Kowsie  River,  South  Africa.    See  Koussie. 

Koyl'ton,  a  township  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  580. 

Kozelsk,  or  Koselsk,  ko-zfilsk',  a  town  of  Russia, 
35  miles  S.S.W.  of  Kalooga,  on  the  Zhizdra.     Pop.  7368. 

Kozieglow,  ko-ze-4^glov',  a  town  of  Russian  Poland, 
eO  miles  N.W.  of  Cracow.     Pop.  1700. 

Kozienice,  koz-y4-neet's^  a  town  of  Poland,  65  miles 
N.W.  of  Sandoraier,  on  the  Vistula.     Pop.  3059. 

Koziov.    See  Koslov  and  EnpAToniA. 

Kozlowitz,  kots'lo-^its\  or  Kozlowice,  kots'lo- 
veet'si,  a  village  of  Moravia,  10  miles  from  Freyburg. 

Kozmiu,  koz-meen',  or  Koschmin,  kosh-meen',  a 
town  of  Prussia,  47  miles  S.S.E.  of  Posen.     Pop.  3863. 

Kra,  island  and  isthmus.     See  Kraw. 

Krabbendyke,  or  Krabbendyke,  kr&b'b^n-dlke^ 
a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  the  island  of  South  Beve- 
fcnd,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Goes.    Pop.  1011. 

Kragero,  kr4g'§r-o,  a  post-township  of  Chippewa  co., 
Minn.    Pop.  215. 

Krageroe,  kr&'gh^r-o'^h,  a  town  of  Norway,  on  an 
inlet  of  the  Skager-Rack,  70  miles  N.E.  of  Christiansand. 
Pop.  4250. 

Kraguyevatz,  or  Kragujewatz,  kri-goo'yo-vitz, 
a  town  of  Servia,  15  miles  W.  of  Jagodin.  It  has  a  gym- 
nasium, a  normal  school,  an  armory,  a  powder-mill,  and  an 
arsenal.     Pop.  6663. 

Kraienke,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Krojanke. 

Krailsheim,  or  Crailsheim,  krils'hime,  a  town  of 
Wiirteiiiberg,  13  miles  N.  of  Ellwangen.     Pop.  4482. 

Krain,  a  province  of  Austria.    See  Carniola: 

Krain,  a  township  of  Stearns  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  144. 

Krainburg,  krIn'booRG,  or  Krain,  krin,  a  town  of 
I  Carniola,  15  miles  N.AV.  of  Laybach,  on  the  Save.    P.  2000. 

Krajova,  or  Kraiova,  kri-yo'vi,  a  town  of  Rou- 
mania,  former  capital  of  Little  Wallachia,  near  the  left 
bank  of  the  Schyl,  120  miles  (160  miles  by  rail)  W.  of 
Bucharest.  It  has  numerous  churches,  and  an  active  trade 
in  salt  from  neighboring  mines.     Pop.  22,764. 

Krakatoa,  kri-ki-to'i,  or  Crockatoa,  kro-ki-to'^, 
at  island  of  the  Strait  of  Sunda,  lat.  6°  9'  S.,  Ion.  105°  29' 
B.,  about  6  or  7  miles  long  and  4  or  5  miles  broad, 

Krakau,  or  Krakow,  Poland.    See  Cracow. 

Krakow,  kri'kov,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Mecklenburg- 
1  Sehwerin,  33  miles  S.  of  Schwerin.     It  has  manufactures 

of  straw  hats,  cotton  fabrics,  and  tiles.     Pop.  2022. 
i      Kralingen,  kr4'ling-^n,  a  parish  and  village  of  the 
I  Netherlands,  on  the  Leek,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Rotterdam.    It 
!  has  salmon-fisheries.     Pop.  7530. 

Kralowitz,  kri'lo-*its\  or  CynadroAvy,  tsin-i-dro'- 
vee,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  19  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pilsen. 

Kramm's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Peoria  co.,  111. 

Kraiiacli,  a  town  of  Bavaria.    See  Kko.vach. 

Kranholm,  kra,n'holm,  a  small  island  of  Russia,  in 
Esthonia,  in  the  Narova,  near  Narva. 

Kraniciiberg,  kri'niK-baRG\  or  Kranaberg,  kr&'- 
ni-b^RO*,  a  village  of  Lower  Austria,  on  a  railway,  near 
€Hocknitz.     Pop.  1343. 

Kranichfeid,  kriniK-fdltS  or  Keran'ichfeld,  a 
town  of  Saxo-Meiningen  and  Saxe- Weimar,  on  the  Ilm,  11 
toiles  S.AV.  of  AVeimar.     Pop.  1672. 

■_  Kranidi,  kri'neeMee,  or  Kranidion,  a  town  of 
Oreeoe,  23  miles  S.E.  of  Nauplia.  Its  inhabitants  are 
•Xpert  divers  and  sponge-fishers.     Pop.  7185. 

Kranowitz,  kri'no-^its\  or  Kranowice,  kri-no- 
Teet't-i,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  50  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Oppeln.     Pop.  2602. 

100 


Krapivna,  or  Krapiwna,  kri-piv'ni,  a  town  of  Rus 
sia,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Toola,  on  the  Oopa.     Pop.  2446. 

Krappitz,  kr&p'pits,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  oq 
the  Oder,  15  miles  8.  of  Oppeln.     Pop.  2553. 

Krasnik,  kr&,3'nik,  a  town  of  Poland,  government  and 
28  miles  S.W.  of  Lublin.     Pop.  4165. 

Krasnistaw,  kris-nis'tiv,  or  Krassnostaw,  a  town 
of  Poland,  34  miles  S.E.  of  Lublin,  on  the  Wieprz  and  a 
small  lake.     Pop.  4870. 

Krasnoe-Szelo(or  -Selo),  kris'no-i-si'lo,  a  village 
of  Russia,  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  St.  Petersburg.  It  has  manu- 
factories, a  normal  school,  a  hospital,  and  a  royal  palace. 

Krasnoi,  krAs-noi',  or  Krassnyj,  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  18  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Smolensk,  on  the 
Svinaia.  Pop.  3493.  Here,  on  the  5th  and  6th  of  No- 
vember, 1812,  the  French  were  defeated  by  the  Russians. 

Krasnoi-Khoim,  kr3,s-noi'-Kolm,  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  95  miles  N.E.  of  Tver.     Pop.  1932. 

Krasnoi-Yar,  kr4s-noi'-yaR,  or  Krassnyj-Jar,  » 
town  of  Russia,  government  and  35  miles  E.N.E.  of  Astra- 
khan, on  an  island  in  the  Volga.     Pop.  4761. 

Krasnokootsk,  Krasnokoutsk,  or  Krasno- 
kutsk,  kris-no-kootsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  41  miles  AV.  of  Kharkov,  on  the  Merlo.     Pop.  5678. 

Krasno-Oofimsk,  Krasno-Oufimsk,  or  Kras- 
no-Ufimsk,  kr4s'no-oo-feemsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment and  110  miles  from  Perm,  on  the  Oofa.     Pop.  3682. 

Krasnoslobodsk,  kris-no-slo-bodsk',  a  town  of  Rus- 
sia, government  and  105  miles  N.N.W.  of  Penza,  on  the 
Moksha.     It  has  an  active  trade  in  corn.     Pop.  4236. 

Kras^novodsk',  a  cape  and  Russian  fortress  on  the  E. 
shore  of  the  Caspian  Sea,  in  lat.  39°  59'  35"  N.  It  is  the 
most  noted  military  post  in  the  Trans-Caspian  region. 

Krasnoyarsk,  Krasnoiarsk,  or  Krasnojarsk, 
kris-no-yarsk',  a  town  of  Siberia,  capital  of  the  govern- 
ment of  Yeniseisk,  in  a  fertile  plain,  on  the  Yenisei.  Lat. 
66°  N.;  Ion.  92°  57'  10"  E.  It  is  the  emporium  of  a  wide 
region,  and  has  several  churches,  government  offices,  and 
manufactures  of  leather.     Pop.  14,159. 

Krasnystav,  or  Krasnystaw.    See  Krasxistaw. 

Krasso,  krosh'sho',  a  county  of  Hungary,  bounded  N. 
by  the  river  Maros,  and  E.,  in  part,  by  Transylvania.  Area, 
2024  square  miles.  It  is  a  mountain-region,  with  forests 
and  rich  mines ;  and  most  of  its  people  are  Roumanians. 
The  valleys  are  fertile  and  the  climate  is  pleasant.  Capital, 
Lugos.     Pop.  273,827. 

Krasso,  or  Krassova,  krosh^sho'voh^  a  town  of  Hun- 
gary, CO.  of  Krass6,  33  miles  S.  of  Lugos.     Pop.  3789. 

Kraszna,  kriss'noh^  or  Karasz'na,  a  river  of 
Transylvania,  flows  N.  80  miles,  and  joins  the  Theiss. 

Kraszna,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Szila^y,  40  mile* 
E.  of  Grosswardein.     Pop.  3128. 

Kratz,  krats,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  on  tht 
Porkiomen  Railroad,  27  miles  S.  of  AUentown. 

Kratzan,  krit'zSw,  or  Krasa,  kri'si,  a  town  of  Bo- 
hemia, 29  miles  N.  of  Buntzlau.     Pop.  3959. 

Kratz'erville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Snyder  co..  Pa.,  6 
miles  N.W.  of  Selin's  Grove.     It  has  2  churches. 

Krauchthial,  krowK'tAl,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton and  9  miles  N.E.  of  Bern.     Pop.  2506. 

Krauna,  krow'ni,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  29  miles  from 
Chrudim.     Pop.  1410. 

Kraapen,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  GratJpen. 

Krautheim,  krowt'hime,  a  town  of  Baden,  circle  of 
Lower  Rhine,  not  far  from  the  Jaxt.     Pop.  1821. 

Kraw,Kra,  Krah,  kri,  or  Poolo  Kra,  poo'lo  kri, 
two  islands,  called  the  North  and  South  Kra,  between  the 
AA''.  side  of  Malacca  and  the  island  of  Poolo  Penang. 

Kraw,  Isthmus  of.     See  Isthmus  of  Kraw. 

Krawang,  kri-wing',  a  Dutch  residency  of  Java,  on 
the  N.  coast.     Pop.  270,858.     Capital,  Poerwakarta. 

Krawarn,  Deutsch,  doitsh  kri'^arn,  a  village  of  Prus- 
sian Silesia,  36  miles  S.S.E.  of  Oppeln.     Pop.  2857. 

Kreainer,  kree'm^r,  Kre'mer,  or  Smith  Grove. 
a  post-hamlet  of  Snyder  co..  Pa.,  on  Middle  Creek,  and  on  the 
Lewistown  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  13  miles 
S.AV.  of  Sunbury.  It  has  2  churches,  a  hotel,  and  about  30 
houses.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Kreamer. 

Krefeid,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Crepeld. 

Kreibitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Kreybitz. 

Kreidersville,  krl'd?rz-vll,  a  post-village  of  North, 
ampton  co..  Pa.,  in  Allen  township,  9  miles  N.  of  Allen- 
town.     It  has  a  foundry  and  a  grist-mill. 

Kreischa,  krl'shi,  a  town  of  Saxony,  10  miles  from 
Dresden.     Pop.  1410. 

Kremenets,  kr4-m?h-n5ts^,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Vol 
hynia,  36  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ostrog.     Pop.  11,819. 


KRB 


1578 


KRO 


Krementchoof,  Krementchong,  Krement- 
•httgf  or  Krementtokngy  krAm-fint-ghoof;',  a  town  of 
AumU,  gOTM-nment  and  04  milM  by  rail  S.W.  of  Poltava, 
on  tha  Dnieper,  here  orouod  by  a  bridge.  Pop.  47,473.  It 
b  enoloMd  by  an  earthen  rampart,  and  has  manufactures  of 
hata,  sugar,  nitre,  silvor-nrare,  and  soap. 

Kremlin,  a  city  of  RuMia.    See  Mosco\r. 

Krem'lin  .UillSt  a  post-offleo  of  Butler  oo..  Mo. 

Krciiiincn,  Rrdui'm^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Branden- 
burg, 26  miles  N.  of  Potsdam.     Pop.  2841. 

Kreiunitz,  or  Cremnitz,  krSm'nits  (Hun.  Kiirm'dct 
Banyn,  kSn^mdts'  bi^n'yOh^),  a  town  of  Hungary,  in  Bars, 
on  arailway,  8  miles  W.  of  Nousohl.  Pop.  8442.  It  stands 
in  a  deep  valley,  surrounded  by  hills,  and  has  several  sub- 
urbs, a  gymnasium,  a  mint,  and  a  minors'  infirmary.  Its 
mines  have  yieldod  much  silver  and  some  gold.  Attached 
to  the  mines  are  smelting-  and  waahing-works.  Kremnitz 
has  manufactures  of  earthenware,  chemicals,  and  paper; 
and  it  is  supplied  with  water  by  an  aqueduct  50  miles  in 
length.     A  tunnel  9  miles  long  drains  the  mines. 

Krempe,  krim'p^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Holstein,  4 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Qluckstadt.     Pop.  1199. 

Krems,  krSms,  a  town  of  Austria,  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
Danube,  at  the  influx  of  the  Krems,  at  a  railway  junction, 
88  miles  N.W.  of  Vienniv.  Pop.  6114.  It  is  enclosed  by  old 
walls,  and  has  a  Piarist  college,  military  and  high  schools, 
large  barracks,  and  alum-,  nitre-,  button-,  soda-,  mustard-, 
and  vinegar-factories.     The  town  is  adjacent  to  Stein. 

Krems,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Styria,  circle  of  Gratz, 
with  a  castle  and  manufactures  of  block-tin. 

Kremsir,  Kremsier,  krdm'seer,  or  Kremielcitz, 
kr6m'yi,-kits\  a  town  of  Moravia,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Prorau, 
on  the  March.  Pop.  9110.  It  has  a  Piarist  college,  a 
gymnasium,  a  high  school,  and  a  fine  summer  residence  of 
the  Archbishop  of  Olmutz. 

Kremsmiinster,  krAms'miin'st^r,  a  village  of  Upper 
Austria,  on  the  Krems,  13  miles  W.  of  Steyer.  It  has  1713 
inhabitants  and  several  superior  schools.  On  a  height  above 
the  town  is  a  celebrated  Benedictine  abbey,  founded  a.d. 
772,  and  having  a  library,  an  observatory,  and  various 
museums  of  art  and  science,  with  about  300  students. 

Krenitzin  (kr&-nit-seen')  Islands,  Aleutian  Archi- 
pelago, so  called  from  Krenitzin,  the  navigator  who  first 
saw  them.     They  are  five  in  number. 

Kres'geville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co..  Pa.,  about 
24  miles  N.W.  of  Easton. 

Krestovskoi,  kres-tov'skoi,  a  group  of  islands  of  Asi- 
atic Russia,  in  the  Arctic  Ocean,  in  the  Kolyma  estuary. 

Krcstzy,  krdst'zee,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and 
60  miles  E.S.E.  of  Novgorod.     Pop.  3173. 

Kreuth,  kroit,  a  bathing-place  and  village  of  Upper 
Bavaria,  on  the  Tegern-See,  34  miles  S.E.  of  Munich. 

Kreutz,  or  Kreuz,  kroits,  a  German  word  signifying 
"  cross,"  forming  a  prefix  to  many  names  in  Central  Europe. 

Kreutz,  kroits,  a  town  of  Croatia,  24  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Warasdin.     Pop.  2229.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Kreutznach,  Kreuznack,  or  Kreuznach,  kroits'- 
nlK,  a  town  and  watering-place  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  on  the 
Nahe,  8  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Bingen.  Pop.  13,772.  It  stands 
in  a  fertile  and  picturesque  tract  at  the  foot  of  a  castle- 
orowned  hill,  and  is  separated  by  the  river  into  two  parts, 
connected  by  a  stone  bridge.  It  has  Roman  Catholic,  Lu- 
theran, and  Calvinist  churches,  a  synagogue,  a  gymnasium, 
and  manufactures  of  leather,  snuff,  and  woollens,  mineral 
springs,  and  important  salt-works. 

Kreuzberg,  kroits'bdito,  or  Kreuzbnrck,  kroits'- 
bSdnk,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  26  miles  S.E.  of  Czaslau.  P.  1479. 

Kreuzburg,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Creczburg. 

Kreuzburg,  kroits'bSSRC,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  15 
miles  S.W.  of  Konigsberg,  with  a  castle.     Pop.  2004. 

Kreuzburg,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Saxe-Weiraar,  on 
the  Werra,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Eisenach,     Pop.  1956. 

Kreuzburg,  or  Kreutzburg,  a  fortified  town  of 
Russia,  government  of  Vitebsk,  on  the  Duna,  52  miles  W. 
of  Rezhitsa.     Pop.  1228.     It  has  a  palace. 

Kreybitz,  or  Krcibitz,  kri'bits,  a  town  of  Bohemia, 
28  miles  N.E.  of  Leitmeritz.     Pop.  2569. 

Kribb's  Farm,  a  post-office  of  Clarion  co..  Pa. 

Krick's  Mill,  a  post-ofiice  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  about  14 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Reading. 

Kriegshaber,  kreecs'hi-b^r,  a  village  of  Bavaria, 
circle  of  Swabia,  near  Augsburg.     Pop.  1739. 

Krienz,  or  Kriens,  kre-6nts',  a  village  of  Switzer- 
land, canton  and  2  miles  S.W.  of  Lucerne.     Pop.  3324. 

Kriesdorf,  krees'doRf,  or  Griesdorf,  grces'doRf,  a 
Tillage  of  Bohemia,  circle  of  Buntzlau.     Pop.  2000. 

KriloV)  KryioVf  or  Krilow,  kre  lov',  a  town  of  Rus- 


sia, government  and  170  miles  N.N.E.  of  Kierson,  on  th* 
l)nioi)or.     Pop.  2600. 

Krim,  Russia.    See  Crimea  and  TAuninA. 

Krimmitschau,  Saxony.     See  CniMMiTzscnAtr. 

Krimpen-aan-de-Lek,  krim'p9n-&n-d4-l£k,  a  vll. 
lage  of  the  Netherlands,  in  South  Holland,  6^  miles  K.  by 
S.  of  Rotterdam,  on  the  Lek,  where  it  falls  into  the  Muuse. 

Krimpeu-op-den-Yssel,  krim'p^n-op-d^n-ts'efl, « 
village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  South  Holland,  5  miles  E.  of 
Rotterdam.     Pop.  1636. 

Kripple  (knp'p'l)  Bush,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ulster  co., 
N.Y.,  about  14  miles  S.W.  of  Rondout.     It  has  a  church. 

Krishna,  a  river  of  South  India.    See  Kistnaii. 

Krishnagunge,  or  Krishnagaqj,  krlsh'na-gQnj', 
a  town  of  the  I'urneah  district,  Bengal.  Lat.  20°  7'  26" 
N.;  Ion.  87°  58'  E.     Pop,  8490. 

Krishiiuggur,  or  Krishnagar,  krish-niig'gQr, 
written  also  Kishnughur  and  Krishanagar,alsu  called 
Goari,  go-&'ree,  a  town  of  Bengal,  capital  of  the  Nuddek 
district,  104  miles  N.  of  Calcutta.  It  has  noted  manufao* 
tures  of  artistic  clay  figures,  a  normal  school,  and  a  govern* 
ment  college,  and  is  on  the  navigable  Jullungce  or  Jalanzi 
River.     Pop.  26,750, 

Krisso,  kris'so,  or  Chryso  (anc.  Crista?),  %  small 
town  of  Greece,  in  Phocis,  6  miles  S,B,  of  Salona. 

Kristinestad,  Finland.     See  Christi.nestadt. 

Kritschew,  krit'shdv,  or  Kriczew,  krit'sdv,  a  maiw 
ket-town  of  Russia,  government  and  57  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Moheelev.     Pop.  3398. 

Kritskoi  (krit'skoi)  Island,  Behring's  Strait;  lat.  of 
the  E.  point,  56°  0'  7"  N.,  Ion.  160°  41'  W. 

Krivan,  kre-v&n',  a  mountain  of  the  Carpathians,  on 
the  frontiers  of  Galicia.     Height,  8000  feet. 

Krivitz,  or  Crivitz,  kreo'vits,  a  town  of  Mecklenburg. 
Sohwerin,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Schwerin.     Pop.  3099. 

Kroben,  kro'b^n,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland,  govern- 
ment of  Posen,  S.E.  of  Kosten.     Pop.  1680. 

Kroghville,  or  Krogville,  krog'vTI,  a  post-office  of 
Jefi'erson  co..  Wis. 

Krohne,  kron,  a  post-office  of  Burleson  co.,  Tex. 

Krojanke,  kro-y&n'k^,  written  also  Kraienke,  a 
town  of  Prussia,  86  miles  W.S.W.  of  Marienwerder.  P.  3303. 

Krolevets,  Krolewetz,  kro-ld-vSts',  or  Korole* 
vetz,  ko-ro-l4-v6ts',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and 
100  miles  E.S.E.  of  Chernigov.  Pop.  8145.  It  was  for. 
merly  the  residence  of  the  governor  of  Little  Russia. 

Krolewiecz,  the  Polish  name  of  Konicsbeuo. 

Krommeny,  or  Krommenie,  krom'mi-ni',  a  village 
of  the  Netherlands,  province  of  North  Holland,  12  milo< 
N.E.  of  Haarlem.     Pop.  2828. 

Kromy,  kro'raee,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Orel,  on  the  Kroma.     Pop.  2992. 

Kronach,  kro'niHK,  sometimes  written  Kranach,  a 
town  of  Bavaria,  in  Upper  Franconia,  at  the  foot  of  a 
mountain  crowned  by  the  castle  of  Rosenberg,  on  a  rail- 
way, and  on  the  Kronach,  22  miles  N.W.  of  Baireuth.  Pop. 
3685.     The  painter  Kranach  was  born  here  in  1472. 

Krone,  kro'n^h,  or  KoronoAVo,  ko-ro-no'*o,  a  town 
of  Prussia,  13  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bromberg.     Pop.  3726. 

Krone,  Deutsch,  Prussia.    See  Deutsch-Krone. 

Kronenberg,  kro'n^n-bfino',  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, government  and  15  miles  E.  of  Dusseldorf.  It  has 
manufactures  of  iron  and  steel.     Pop.  8167. 

Kronenberg,  a  town  of  Nassau.     See  CnoNBEna. 

Kronprinzenkog,  kron'print-s^n-kog\  a  village  of 
Prussia,  in  Holstein,  in  South  Ditmarsh.     Pop.  1120. 

Kronstadt,  kron'stdtt,  or  Kriinen,  krii'n^n  (Hun, 
Brnsso,  brosh'sho' ;  anc.  Braaaovium),  a  town  of  Hungary, 
in  Transylvania,  capital  of  the  county  of  Kronstadt,  ruuian- 
tically  situated  in  a  narrow  valley  formed  by  a  triangular 
opening  in  the  mountains  which  separate  Transylvania  from 
Roumania,  70  miles  E.S.E.  of  Hermannstadt,  and  2000  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Lat.  45°  36'  30"  N.;  Ion.  25° 
33'  53"  E.  The  environs  are  occupied  partly  by  old,  frown- 
ing castles  seated  on  rugged  heights,  partly  by  villas  sur- 
rounded by  gardens;  and  immediately  in  front  of  the  prin- 
cipal entrance  is  a  large  esplanade  ornamented  with  avenues 
of  trees  and  a  Turkish  kiosk,  forming  the  principal  place 
of  public  resort.  The  town  is  well  and  regularly  built.  It 
consists  of  the  inner  town,  surrounded  by  walls  and  inhabited 
by  Saxons;  the  suburb  of  Altstadt,  inhabited  by  Szeklors; 
and  that  of  Bulgar,  by  Roumanians,  The  chief  edifices  are 
a  Lutheran  church,  2  other  Protestant,  2  Roman  Catholic, 
and  2  Greek  churches,  town  hall,  and  barracks.  It  has  a 
Protestiint  gymnasium  and  a  Roman  Catholic  school.  It 
was  formerly  the  first  commercial  place  in  Transylvania,  but 
its  trade  has  declined.     Its  manufactures  comprise  coars* 


KRO 


1579 


KUL 


woollens,  linens,  leather,  metallic  wares,  paper,  &o.  Al- 
though in  nearly  the  same  latitude  as  Venice  and  Lyons, 
its  climate  is  very  cold.  Pop.  29,584.  The  county  of  Kron- 
stadt  has  an  area  of  690  square  miles  and  a  pop.  of  83,090. 

Kronstadt,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Cronstadt. 

Kropelin,  kro'p^h-leen',  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Meck- 
lenburg-Schwerin,  15  miles  W.  of  Rostock.     Pop.  2360. 

Kroppenstett,  a  town  of  Saxony.    See  Croppenstadt. 

Krossen,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Crossen. 

Krossno,  or  Krosno,  kross'no,  a  town  of  Austria,  in 
Galicia,  13  miles  E.S.E.  of  Jaslo,  on  the  Wisloka.  Pop. 
2450.  It  has  a  castle  and  some  convents,  and  is  an  entrepSt 
for  Hungarian  wines. 

Krotoszyn,  or  Krotoschin,  kro-to-sheen',  a  town  of 
Prussia,  54  miles  S.S.E.  of  Posen.  Pop.  8034.  It  has  manu- 
fiujtures  of  woollen  and  linen  fabrics,  tobacco,  leather,  and 
chiccory,  and  a  large  trade  in  wool. 

Krotzingen,  krot'sing-^n,  a  village  of  Baden,  9  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Freiburg.     Pop.  1274. 

Krotzka,  krots'kS,,  Grotzka,  grots'ki,  or  Stolnatz, 
stol'nits,  a  town  of  Scrvia,  10  miles  W.  of  Semendria,  on 
the  Danube. 

Kroya,  or  Croya,  kro}''S,  (Turk.  Ak-Hissar,  S,k-his^- 
gar'),  a  toftn  of  Albania,  sanjak  and  45  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Scutari.     It  has  manufactures  of  arms.     Pop.  12,000. 

Krozet  Islands.    See  Crozet  Islands. 

Kruegerville,  kru'gh§r-vil, post-office,  Warren  co..  Mo. 

Kruft,  kroSft,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  government 
of  Coblentz,  near  Mayen.     Pop.  1380. 

Kruiningen,  kroi'ning-en,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  South  Beveland,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Goes.    Pop.  2210. 

Krjyevacz,  a  town  of  Servia.    See  Alaja-Hissar. 

Kriim,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Star  KrOm. 

Krumau,  kroo'mSw,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  14  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Budweis,  on  an  island  in  the  Moldau.  Pop.  6712. 
It  has  manufactures  of  cottons,  woollens,  and  paper,  and  a 
fine  palace  of  Prince  Schwarzenberg. 

Krumbach,  krSom'bJK,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  a  river 
of  its  own  name,  27  miles  W.S.W.  of  Augsburg.     P.  1200. 

Krumhermersdorf,  kroom-h^R'mgrs-doRf^a  village 
of  Sasony,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Chemnitz.     Pop.  2361. 

Krummenau,  krum'm^h-now^  a  village  of  Switzer- 
land, in  St.  Gall,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Appenzell.     Pop.  1406. 

Krummenois,  kriim'm?n-ols\  or  Wasserols,  •d-is'- 
B^r-ols^  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  government  of 
Liegnitz.    Pop.  1308. 

Krunen,  Transylvania.    See  Kromstadt. 

Krusenstern,  kroo'zen-stern*  (or  Aila,  I'loo)  Is- 
landS)  a  group  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  Marshall's  Archipel- 
ago. Lat.  of  the  northernmost,  10°  27'  N. ;  Ion.  170°  E. 
The  group  is  15  miles  long  and  5  miles  broad.  See  also 
IsGALiuK  Island. 

Krushovatz,  Scrvia.    See  Alaja-Hissar. 

Kryci  Islands,  Alaska.    See  Rat  Islands. 

Krylov,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Krilov. 

Krzepice,  k'zhpeet'si,  Nowe,  no'vd,,  and  Staka,  sti'- 
ri,  two  places  of  Russian  Poland,  on  opposite  sides  of  the 
Liswarta,  60  miles  S.S.E.  of  Kalisz.     Pop.  1315. 

Krzizanowitz,  kzhcez-a.-no'^its,  a  village  of  Prussia, 
In  Silesia,  50  miles  S.S.E.  of  Oppeln.     Pop.  1100. 

Kshetra,  the  ancient  name  of  Chattra. 

Ksynia,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Exin. 

Kuba,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Kooba. 

Kuban,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Kooban. 

Kiibbes,  kab'b^s,  or  Khubbus,  kab'bus,  written  also 
Khebis  and  Kebis,  a  town  of  Persia,  province  of  Kho- 
rassan,  135  miles  E.S.E.  of  Yezd. 

Kubin,  koo^been',  a  village  of  Hungary,  in  Banat,  65 
dies  S.S.AV.  of  Temesvar.     Pop.  4130. 

Kubina,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Koobina. 
^Kubin,  Also,  a  village  of  Hungary.     See  ALSd-KrBiN. 
'iubinskoe,  a  lake  of  Russia.     See  Koobinskoe. 
^uch  Behar,  India.    See  Cooch  Bahar. 

^Kuchin,  a  former  name  of  Sarawak. 

Kuchnai-Serai,  India,    See  Kachnai-Serai. 

Kuck'vil  I  e,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orleans  CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Carlton 
Pownship,  35  miles  W.N.W.  of  Rochester.     It  has  a  church. 

Kuczura,  koot^soo'r6h\  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Bacs.    Pop.  about  4000. 

Kuei-Chu,  a  province  of  China.    See  Koei-Choo. 

Kuei-Ling,  a  city  of  China.    See  Kwei-Lin. 

Kueit,  El,  a  town  of  Arabia.     See  Grane. 

Knen-Lun,Kouen-l,un,Kwen-Liin,kw5nMoon' 
or  kwJnMnn',  called  also  Kool^koon'  (Koulkoun),  a 
raountain-rango  of  Central  Asia,  forming  the  N.  boundary 
of  Ihibet,  separating  it  from  Yarkand  and  Khoten,  and 
Btri  tching  eastward  into  regions  which  are  almost  unknown ; 


but  it  is  understood  about  Ion.  92°  E.  to  divide  into  two 
ranges,  one  of  which,  under  the  name  of  Banyan-Kara, 
diverges  S.E.,  the  other  trends  N.,  near  the  source  of  the 
Hoang-Ho,  and,  under  various  names,  passes  through  the 
Chinese  provinces  of  Kan-Soo  and  Shen-See.  Its  W.  part 
is  parallel  to  the  Karakorum.  It  rises  far  above  the  limits 
of  perpetual  snow,  attaining  a  height  of  21,000  or  22,000 
feet,  and  sends  olf  numerous  elevated  ramifications  towards 
the  Indus,  forming  valleys  down  which  descend  immense 
glaoiers.  W.  of  Shaook  River  the  glaciers  appear  to  be  on 
a  still  more  gigantic  scale  than  those  of  the  Himalayas. 
The  glaciers  of  Sassar  terminate  at  about  15,000  feet,  but 
the  level  diminishes  rapidly  in  proceeding  W.  One  over- 
hanging the  valley  of  Nubra  terminates  at  14,700  feet; 
that  of  Nubra  itself,  at  13,000  feet;  and  still  farther  W. 
they  descend  at  least  to  10,000  feet. 

Kufa,  a  city  of  Asiatic  Turkey.    See  Koofa. 

Kufstein,  or  KufTstcin,  koof'stlne,  a  town  and  fort- 
ress of  the  Tyrol,  on  the  Inn,  and  on  the  Bavarian  frontier, 
43  miles  N.E.  of  Innspruck.     Pop.  1761. 

Kaft,  koft,  Kobt,  kobt,  or  Koft,  koft  (anc.  Coptos), 
an  ancient  city  of  Upper  Egypt,  in  lat.  26°  N.,  on  the  Nile, 
15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Thebes.  It  was  destroyed  by  Diocletian 
for  having  taken  part  in  a  rebellion  against  him.  Parts 
of  its  ancient  walls  remain. 

Kuilenburg,  koi'l^n-biiRG,  Kulemborgh,  koo'I^m- 
boRG,  or  CuIenborg,koo'l§n-boRG,  a  fortified  town  of  the 
Netherlands,  in  Gelderland,  on  the  navigable  Leek,  and  on 
a  railway,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Thiol.  It  has  manufactures 
of  arms,  silk  fabrics,  and  twist.     Pop.  6241. 

Kuka,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Kooka. 

Kukabonee,  a  town  of  Bornoo.    See  Kokaboni. 

Kukan,  koo'kin,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  9  miles  from 
Liebenau.     Pop.  1257. 

Kukel,  or  Kiikiillo.    See  Kokel. 

Kukewari,  or  Kookewaree,  koo-ke-wi'ree,  the 
mouth  of  the  Indus  through  which  the  main  river  discharges 
itself  into  the  sea.     Greatest  breadth,  1  i  miles. 

Kuklena,  kSSk-li'nl,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  one  of  the 
suburbs  of  Koniggriitz.     Pop.  1457. 

Kukrala,  kuk-ri'la,  atown  of  India,  North-West  Prov- 
inces, division  of  Rohilcund.     Pop.  5392. 

Kula,  koo'loh\  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Bdcs,  26 
miles  N.W.  of  Neusatz.     Pop.  7272. 

Kuladgee,orKaladgi,kur&d-jce',  also  called  Kul- 
udghee,  a  district  of  India,  lying  E.  of  Belgaum.  Area, 
4942  square  miles.  Pop.  740,590.  Capital,  Kuladgee,  a 
town  71  miles  E.N.E.  of  Belgaum.     Pop.  6592. 

Kuladyne  River,  India.    See  Aracan  River. 

Kulah,  koo'13,,  a  village  of  Asiatic  Russia,  district  and 
40  miles  N.W.  of  Kars. 

Kulaki,  a  town  of  India.     See  KALAicni. 

Kul  Ali,  koor  d'lee  (?),  an  island  in  the  Caspian  Sea, 
120  miles  S.E.  of  Astrakhan.     Lat.  45°  N. ;  Ion.  50°  E. 

Kulanaur,  kura-n5wr',  or  Kulanoor,  kara-noor',  a 
town  of  India,  40  miles  N.E.  of  Amritsir.     Pop.  6121. 

Kulburga,  a  town  of  India.    See  Calburga. 

Kuldscha,orKulja,  a  district  of  Asia.    See  Eooldja. 

Kulei-Hissar,  koo-14'-his-sar',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Tur- 
key, 75  miles  N.E.  of  Seevas,  on  the  Kelki. 

Kulemborgh,  Netherlands.    See  Kuilenburg. 

Knifo,  a  town  of  West  Africa.    See  Koolfo. 

Kulluspelm  Lake.    See  Pend  Oreille. 

Kulm,  koolm,  a  walled  town  of  West  Prussia,  34  miles 
S.AV.  of  Marienwerder,  near  the  Vistula.  Pop.  9628.  It 
has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  and  a  military  school. 

Kulm,  or  Chulm,  kuSlm,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  IS 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Leitmeritz,  at  the  foot  of  the  Erz-Gebirge 
Mountains.  Pop.  650.  Here,  on  the  29th  and  30th  of 
August,  1813,  the  French,  under  Vandamme,  were  totally 
defeated  by  the  armies  of  Russia,  Austria,  and  Prussia. 

Kulmbach,  or  Culmbach,  koolm'b&ic,  a  town  of 
Bavaria,  in  Upper  Franconia,  on  a  railway,  48  miles  N.E. 
of  Nuremberg.  Principal  edifice,  the  ancient  fortress,  now 
a  house  of  correction.     Pop.  5216. 

Kulm  See,  koolm  si,  a  town  of  West  Prussia,  15  mile<i 
S.E.  of  Kulm.     Pop.  3153. 

Kulna,  a  village  of  British  India.     See  Culna. 

Kuloi,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Kooloi. 

Knipa,  kool'pi  (anc.  Colapta),  a  river  of  Austrian  Croa- 
tia, rises  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Fiume,  flows  E.,  and,  after  a 
course  of  120  miles,  joins  the  Save  a  little  beyond  Petrinia. 

Kulp's,  a  station  on  the  Mahanoy  A  Shamokin  Railroad, 
4  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Shamokin,  Pa. 

Kulps'ville,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Towamensing  township,  about  10  miles  N.  of  Norristown. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  carriage-shop,  and  2  grist-mills. 


KUL 


1580 


KUR 


Kuln,  India.    See  Cooux>. 

Kulatxi,  koo-iat'»e«,  or  Khalctse,  k&-let'B&,  a  village 
of  Asia,  in  Ladaiih,  in  lat.  U°  20'  N.,  Ion.  76°  W  K. 

Kuin,  ft  city  of  Poruin.    See  KooM. 

Kunin,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  KoOKik. 

Kuuinuia*  two  districta  of  Hungary.    See  CnvAMiA. 

Kumnou,  or  Knmaon,  kttnOi-on',  a  division  of  the 
North- West  Provinces,  Uritisli  India,  including  a  part  of  the 
Ilimalayas  and  thoir  foot-bills,  as  well  as  a  hot  and  sickly 

ftlain  below.  Area,  11,500  square  miles.  Pop.  7-13,602.  It 
uoludos  the  district  of  Kuinaon,  area  about  6U00  square 
miles.     Capital,  Almora.     Pop.  433,314. 

Kami,  Koumi»  koo'me,  or  Kyini»  kee'me,  a  town  of 
Oroece,  in  £ub<»a,  near  its  B.  coast.  Lat.  38°  36'  31"  N. ; 
Ion.  24°  10'  E.    Here  are  beds  of  lignite.     Pop.  3217. 

Kum'ler)  a  post-office  of  McLean  oo..  III. 

KuinO)  koo'mo,  a  river  of  Kussia,  issues  from  a  lake  in 
the  S.  of  Finland,  flows  N.W.  past  the  town  of  Kumo,  and 
falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia.     Length,  100  miles. 

Kumzak,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Kb.NiGSEGO. 

Kunashir,  Kooril  Islands.    See  Kooxashebr. 

Kunawat,  koo-ni-w4t',  a  town  of  Syria,  in  the  Haoo- 
rnn,  100  miles  S.  of  Damascus.  It  is  the  chief  town  of  the 
Eastern  Druses, 

Kunawur,  koo'ni-wur',  or  Kunawer,  koo^ni-w^r', 
a  district  of  India,  in  Bussahir,  forming  a  part  of  the  upper 
valley  of  the  Sutlej,  on  the  borders  of  Little  Thibet.  Pop. 
2500. 

Kunchain-Janga,  koon-chIn'-jung'g&,  Knnchin- 
Giiiga,  koon-chin'-jing'gi,  or  Kiiichin-Jiiiga,  kin- 
chin'-jing'g4,  one  of  the  loftiest  of  the  Himalaya  Mountains, 
lat.  27°  43'  N.,  Ion.  88°  12'  E.  It  has  two  peaks,  the  W.  of 
which  is  28,156  feet,  the  other,  or  E,,  27,826  feet  high. 

Kunckle,  kunk'^l,  a  post-hamlet  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa., 
11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Wilkesbarre.  It  has  a  tannery  and  2 
steam  saw-mills. 

Kunda,  koon'd^,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Esthonia,  on  the 
Gulf  of  FinUind,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Wesenberg. 

Kundah,  a  town  of  India.    See  Cundah. 

Kuudapoor,  a  seaport  of  India.    See  Cooxdapoou. 

Kuu^dowlee',  Khundowli,  kiinMSw-lee',  or  Kun- 
dowlee  Sem'rah,  a  town  of  India,  on  a  railway,  13 
miles  N.  of  Agra.     Pop.  6365. 

Kuuduz,  a  country  of  Tartary.    See  Kiioo.vdooz. 

Kuncrsdorf,  a  village  of  Bohemia.  See  KyNNEnsDonF. 

Kuug,  koong,  a  small  town  of  Persia,  in  Laristan,  op- 
posite the  island  of  Kishm,  in  the  Persian  Gulf. 

Kungrad,  kun'grid',  Kungrat,  kun'grit',  or  Con'- 
rad,  a  town  of  Toorkistan,  90  miles  N.  of  Khiva,  on  the 
A.moo. 

Kuiigur,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Kooxgoor. 

Kun-Hegyes,  koon^-hfid^yfish',  a  town  of  Hungary, 
on  the  Theiss,  72  miles  E.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  7272. 

Kunia,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Koojjia. 

Kunie,  an  island  of  the  Pacific.    See  Isle  or  Pines. 

Kunkletown,  kunk'§l-town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe 
eo..  Pa.,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Easton.     It  has  a  church. 

Kunkul,  kun-kar,  a  town  and  place  of  pilgrimage  in 
India,  on  the  Upper  Ganges,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Ilurdwar. 

Kunnaruc,  a  village  of  India.    See  Kaxarak. 

Kuunersdorf,  Kunersdorf,  koo'n^rs-donf,  or  Cu- 
nersdorf,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  12  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Buntzlau,  on  the  Zwittebach.     Pop.  2164. 

Kunnoge,or  Kunnaj.    See  Kanojb. 

Kunsag,  the  Hungarian  for  Cumania. 

Kunsberg,  a  town  of  Saxony.    See  KonigsbrUck. 

Kun-Szent-Martony,  koon-efint-m&uHon',  a  town 
of  Hungary,  in  Cumania,  on  the  Korcis,  70  miles  S.E.  of 
Pesth.     Pop.  9434.     It  has  a  wine-trade. 

Kun-Szent-Miklos,  koon-sSnt-mee^klosh',  a  town 
of  Hungary,  in  Cumania,  32  miles  S.E.  of  Pesth,  on  an 
arm  of  the  Danube.     Pop.  5593. 

Kuntschitz,  kOont'shits,  Gross,  groee,  and  Klein, 
kline,  contiguous  villages  in  Austrian  Silesia.     Pop.  2975. 

Kuntschitz,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  near  Koniggriitz, 
about  2  miles  from  Geiersberg.     Pop.  1000. 

Kunwald,  k55n'*41t*  (Obeb,  o'b^r,  and  Unter,  5on'- 
t§r),  a  village  of  Bohemia,  about  17  miles  from  Koniggratz. 
Pop.  2308. 

Kilnzelsan,  kiin'z^l-sSw',  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on 
the  Kocher,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Heilbronn.     Pop.  2319. 

Kunzendorf,  koont's^n-doRf,  a  village  of  Prussia, 
in  Silesia,  27  miles  S.S.W.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  1410. 

Kunzendorf,  Laxdeckisch,  l&n'd5k-ish,  or  Gross, 
groce,  a  village  of  Prussia,  government  of  Breslau,  circle 
of  Habelschwerdt.     Pop.  1410. 

Kunzendorf  (Obkr,  o'b^r,  and  Niedkr,  nce'd^r),  a 


village  of  Prussia,  government  of  Oppeln,  circle  of  Kreuft> 
berg.     Pop.  1330. 

KuBzundorf,  Wachtel,  ^in't^l  ke^Snt's^n-doitf,  % 
village  of  Prussia,  government  of  Oppeln,  circle  of  Naa. 
sUdt.     Pop.  1160. 

Kaopio,  koo-o'pe-o,  a  town  of  Finland,  capital  of  a 
Iwn,  on  a  peninsula  in  Lake  Kalavesi,  180  miles  E.  of  Vai», 
It  has  a  gymnasium  and  a  triule  in  timber.    Pop.  6U62. 

Kuopio,  a  province  or  lajn  of  Finland,  forming  part 
of  Karelia,  and  bounded  E.  by  Russia  pro]>er.  Area,  16,498 
square  miles.  It  is  a  great  plain,  with  many  hikes.  Pop. 
238,280. 

Kupfcrzcll,  kCSp'f^r-tsfir,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg, 
on  the  Kupfer,  27  miles  N.W.  of  Ellwangon.     Pop.  1312. 

Kupiansk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Koopiaxsk. 

Kupinova,  koo-pee-no'vi,  a  village  of  Slavonia,  about 
16  miles  from  Gollumbinoze.     Pop.  1300. 

Kilpper,  ktlp'p^r  (Oder,  o'b^r,  and  Nieder,  noe'd^r), 
a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia,  government  of  Liugnitz.  Pop. 
1100. 

Kopperwu^e,  or  Kuppenvunge,  kiip-p^r-w'^nj', 
a  town  of  British  India,  presidency  of  Bombay,  in  lat.  23* 
3'  N.,  Ion.  73°  9'  E.,  25  miles  E.  of  Ahmedabad. 

Kuppnrtulla,  a  town  of  India.    See  Kapoortheixa. 

Kiips,  kiips,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Upper  FranconUi 
26  miles  N.E.  of  Bamberg.     Pop.  1030. 

Kur,  a  river  of  West  Asia.     See  Kooh. 

Kura,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Tuskar. 

Kuranias,  a  river  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Kara-Soo. 

Kurdau,  a  village  of  Moravia.     See  Gcroau. 

Kurdisiitan,  a  country  of  West  Asia.    See  Koordistai. 

Kuremas,  a  branch  of  the  Euphrates.    See  Kara-Soo 

Kuren,  a  town  of  Mongolia.     See  Ooboa. 

KurfinS,  the  Greek  for  Cyrene. 

Kurgaon,  kur-g&-on',  a  town  of  India,  62  miles  S.\f. 
of  Indoor,  still  large,  and  once  flourishing. 

Kurgau,  Siberia.     See  Koobgau. 

Kur^hul',  a  town  of  India,  district  and  17  miles  S.  of 
Minpooreo.     Pop.  6061. 

Kuria  Maria  Isles.    See  Curia  Muria  Isles. 

Kurile  Islands,  Pacific.    See  Kooril  Islands. 

Kurische-Hatf.    See  Curische-Happ. 

Kuijut,  or  Kaijat,  kilr^jut',  a  town  of  the  Ahmed- 
nuggar  district,  India.     Pop.  5535. 

Karland,  a  province  of  Russia.    See  Courland. 

Kuniaul,  or  Kariial,  kur-nawl',  a  district  of  India, 
Delhi  division,  Punjab.  Area,  2352  square  miles.  Capi- 
tal, Kurnaul.     Pop.  610,927. 

Karnaul,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  Kurnaul,  78  milei 
by  canal  N.  by  W.  of  DelhL     Pop.  29,000. 

Kamik,  k5oR'nik,  a  town  of  Prussia,  13  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Posen.     Pop.  2658. 

Kurnool,  or  Cumonl,  kJir-nooI',  written  also  Car- 
nool,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the  Kurnool  district,  on 
the  Toombuddra,  110  miles  S.W.  of  Hyderabad. 

Kurnool,  or  Karnul,  kur-nool',  a  district  of  the  Mad- 
ras presidency,  British  India.  Lat.  14°  55'-16°  15'  N. ;  Ion. 
77°  47'-79°  15'  E.  Area,  7151  square  miles.  Capital,  Kur- 
nool.    Pop.  914,432. 

Karponhully,  a  town  of  India,    See  IIarpoxellt. 

Kurpoy,  a  town  of  British  India.     See  Keeupoy. 

Kurrachee^  kiir'ra-chee',  or  Karachee,  kur'a-chee', 
the  principal  seaport  town  of  Sinde,  on  an  inlet  of  the  In- 
dian Ocean,  18  miles  from  the  West  Branch  of  the  Indus. 
Lat.  24°  47'  3"  N. ;  Ion.  66°  56'  E.  A  railway  extends 
hence  to  Hyderabad.  It  stands  on  a  low,  sandy  shore,  and 
a  few  years  ago  consisted  mostly  of  straggling  huts;  but  it 
has  been  rebuilt  and  greatly  improved,  and  is  one  of  the 
chief  seaports  of  India.  The  harbor  is  the  only  port  along 
this  coast  for  vessels  drawing  more  than  10  feet  of  water, 
and  is  sheltered  by  Cape  Munorah  and  the  Munorah  break- 
water. The  town  was  taken  by  the  British  in  1839,  and 
was  retained  as  a  military  post.     Pop.  (1891)  10-1, 2;)0. 

Kurrachce,  a  district  of  India,  forming  the  S.W.  angle 
of  Sinde,  having  Beloochistan  on  the  W.  and  the  sea  on  tbe 
S.W.  It  includes  part  of  the  delta  of  the  Indus.  Area, 
14,091  square  miles.      Capit»,l,  Kurrachee.    Pop.  423,495. 

Kurrah,  a  town  of  India.     Sec  CtKnAii. 

Karrea,  kur're-a,  or  Kiria,  kee're-a,  a  town  of 
Chinese  Toorkistan,  180  miles  S.E.  of  Khote'n.     P.  20,000, 

Kurre-Saar,  the  Esthonian  for  Oesel. 

Kur'reville,  a  post-ofiice  of  Cape  Girardeau  co.,  Mo. 

Kurrichnne,  kur-re-ki'ni,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  the 
Bechuana  territory,  near  lat.  25°  40'  S.,  Ion.  27°  10'  E. 

Kurshee,  kur'shee  or  kSor'shee,  also  called  Karshi, 
a  town  of  the  Bokhara  dominions,  100  miles  S.E.  of  Bok- 
hara, in  a  fe-tile  oasis.     Pop.  10,000. 


KUR 


1581 


KYT 


Kursk,  a  government  and  city  of  Russia.    See  Koorsk. 

Kurziwody,  Bohemia.     See  IIUhnerwasseb. 

Kurzolari  (koor-zo-l4'ree)  Islands  (anc.  Eddnadee), 
a  group  of  the  Ionian  Islands,  lat.  38°  20'  N.,  Ion.  21°  E., 
comprising  Oxia,  Makri,  and  Vroman. 

litisba,  or  Kasba,  kiis'bA,  a  town  of  Bengal,  district 
and  y  miles  N.E.  of  Purneah.     Pop.  6288. 

Kusel,  koo'z?!,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Bavaria,  on  the  Glan, 
17  miles  N.W.  of  Kaiserslautern.     Pop.  2778. 

Kushab,  kfish'Ab',  or  Kosh^aub',  a  town  of  India, 
Punjab,  on  the  Indus,  nearly  opposite  Shahpoor.    Pop.  8509. 

Kushan,  a  pass  of  the  Ilindoo-Koosh.    See  Kooshan. 

Kushvinsk,  koosh-vinsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment and  70  miles  E.N.E.  of  Perm. 

Kuskoquim  (kiis'ko-kwim)  River,  the  second  largest 
stream  of  Alaska,  falls  into  Kuskoquim  Bay,  in  lat.  60°  N., 
Ion.  162°  W.  It  is  about  650  miles  in  length,  but  its  course 
is  not  well  known.     It  is  serviceable  for  navigation. 

Kuskovime,  a  river  of  Alaska.     See  Kuskoquim. 

Kusiietz,  or  Kusnetsk.    See  Kooznets. 

Kussnacht,  kiiss'niKt,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  11  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Schwytz,  at  the  N.  extremity  of 
the  Lake  of  Lucerne.  It  is  associated  with  the  myth  of 
William  Tell.     Pop.  of  parish,  2853. 

Kiissnacht,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  4 
miles  S.E.  of  Zurich,  on  the  Lake  of  Zurich.     Pop.  2633. 

Kus^soor',  or  Ka^soor',  a  Mussulman  town  of  India, 
in  the  Punjab,  27  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lahore.     Pop.  15,209. 

Kustendji,  kOs-tfind'jee,  written  also  Kistendjeh 
(anc.  Uonstaiitia'na),  a  fortified  seaport  town  of  Roumania, 
in  the  Dobrudja,  on  the  Black  Sea,  40  miles  E.  of  Rassova, 
at  the  termination  of  Trajan's  Wall,  of  which  some  traces 
exist.  It  has  some  trade  in  corn,  but  its  harbor  is  exposed 
and  ill  adapted  for  large  ships.  A  railway  connects  it  with 
Chernavoda,  on  the  Danube,  and  its  port  has  improvements 
constructed  and  owned  by  an  English  mercantile  company. 

Kiistenland,  kUs't§n-l&nt\  or  Littorale,  lit-to-ri'14, 
a  crown-land  of  Austria  (Cisleithania),  called  officially  "  Go- 
ritz,  Gradiska,  Istria,  and  Triest,"  and  consisting  of  Istria, 
with  some  islands  in  the  Adriatic,  and  of  the  mainland, 
having  Italy  on  the  AV.  and  Garniola  on  the  N.  Area,  3074 
square  miles.     Capital,  Triest.     Pop.  (1890)  695,384. 

Kiistrin,  kiis-treen',  a  fortified  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Brandenburg,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Frankfort,  at  the  junction 
of  several  railways,  and  at  the  confluence  of  the  Wartha 
with  the  Oder.  It  has  a  gymnasium,  varied  manufactures 
and  trade,  and  extensive  grain-magazines.     Pop.  11,227. 

Kuta,  a  river  of  Asiatic  Russia.     See  Koota. 

Kutaieh,  Kutaya,  or  Kutaiah,  koo-ti'y^h,  written 
also  Koutaieh  (anc.  Cotyse'um),  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  in 
lat.  39°  24'  N.  and  Ion.  30°  19'  E.  It  has  numerous  mosques, 
public  baths,  and  khans,  some  Greek  and  Armenian  churches, 
a  mountain-fortress,  and  many  handsome  private  buildings, 
with  gardens.  Its  trade  is  chiefly  in  corn,  cotton,  fruits, 
gall-nuts,  goats'  hair,  carpets,  and  wool.  About  17  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Kutaieh  are  the  interesting  Phrygian  remains, 
with  inscriptions,  and  the  troglodyte  habitations  of  Doganlu, 
supposed  to  be  the  ancient  Nicole'ia.     Pop.  40,000. 

Kutais,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia.    See  Kootais. 

Kutch,  a  province  of  India.     See  Cutch. 

Kutno,  koot'no,  a  town  of  Poland,  government  and  70 
miles  W.  of  Warsaw.     Pop.  8228. 

Ku-Tsing,  a  city  of  China.    See  Kio-Tsing. 

Kutsulee,  kut'soo-Iee^,  a  considerable  walled  town  of 
British  India,  25  miles  N.  of  Meerut. 

Kutt'awa,  a  post-village  of  Lyon  co.,  Ky.,  on  Cum- 
berland River,  and  on  the  Louisville,  Paducah  <fc  South- 
western Railroad,  31  miles  E.  of  Paducah.  It  has  a  flouring- 
mill  and  a  hub-  and  spoke-factory. 

Kuttcnberg,  kut't?n-b6R<5\  or  Kntnahora,  kiit*- 
n4-h6'r5.,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  6  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Czas- 
lau.  Pop.  12,747,  mostly  employed  in  mines  of  lead,  and 
in  sugar-works,  cotton-mills,  <fec.  It  has  an  oberrealschule, 
and  a  noble  old  Gothic  church,  never  completed. 

Knt'tra,  a  town  of  India,  North- West  Provinces,  Rohil- 
onnd  division.     Pop.  5678. 

Kuttungee,  Katangi,  kiitHiin-gheo',  or  Knttin- 
ghee,  a  town  of  India,  Central  Provinees,  22  miles  N.W. 
of  Jubbulpoor.     Pop.  3353. 

Kuttup,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Cuttup. 

Knty,  koo'tee,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Galicia,  20  miles 
S.E.  of  Kolomea.     Pop.  5758. 

Kutztown,  k66ts't5wn,  a  post-borough  of  Berks  oo., 


Pa.,  in  Maxatawny  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Reading 
Railroad,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Reading,  and  20  miles  S.W. 
of  Allentown.  It  contains  3  churches,  a  national  bank,  a 
savings-bank,  a  state  normal  school,  and  2  or  3  newspaper 
offices,  also  an  iron-furnace,  a  foundry,  and  a  carriage- 
factory.     Limestone  and  iron  ore  abound  here.     Pop.  1 198. 

Kuzistan,  a  province  of  Persia.    See  Khoozistax. 

Kvaloe,  Norway.    See  Hvaloe. 

KAvallisch,  a  village  of  Bohemia.     See  Qualischt. 

Kwang-Ping,  a  city  of  China.    See  Quang-Pisg. 

Kwang-Si,  a  province  of  China.     See^uANG-SEE. 

Kwang-Sin-Foo,  China.    See  Quang-Si5-Foo. 

Kvvang-Tung,  China.    See  Quang-Tong. 

Kwei-Chu,  a  province  of  China.     See  Koei-Choo. 

Kwei-Lin,  or  Quei-Ling,  kwi^-ling'  or  kwi^-ling', 
China,  capital  of  Quang-See,  235  miles  N.W.  of  Canton. 

Kwei-Te, or Kouei-Te,kw4'-t4'orkwi^-t4',  written 
also  Kwi-Te,  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Ilo-Nan,  TO 
miles  S.E.  of  Kai-Fung. 

Kwei-Yang,  a  town  of  China.    See  Koei-Yano. 

Kwen«Lun,  Central  Asia.    See  Kuen-Lun. 

Kwi-Choo,  or  Kwei-Chu,  China.     See  Koei-Choo. 

Kwikhpak,  kwik-pik',  a  river  of  Alaska,  one  of  the 
outlets  or  delta-arms  of  the  great  river  Yukon.  It  is  wide 
and  shallow,  and  its  length  is  about  52  miles.  The  Rus- 
sians often  give  this  name  to  the  river  Yukon. 

Ky'angheen',  a  town  of  British  Burmah,  Pegu  di- 
vision.    Pop.  821 1. 

Kyangle  (ki'5,ng-gh?l)  Islands,  a  group  in  the  North 
Pacific.     Lat.  8°  8'  N.;  Ion.  134°  60'  E. 

Kyen-Dwem,  a  river  of  Burmah.   See  Khyen-Dwem. 

Ky'ger,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gallia  co.,  0.,  about  9  miles 
S.W.  of  Pomeroy.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

KygOAV,  the  Moravian  name  of  Gaya. 

Kyholm,  kU'holm,  a  small  island  of  Denmark,  near  the 
island  of  Samsoe. 

Ky'lertown,  a  post-village  of  Clearfield  oo.,  Pa.,  in 
Morris  township,  about  15  miles  E.  of  Clearfield.  It  has 
a  church  and  2  wagon-shops.     Pop.  about  300. 

Kyle's,  kilz,  a  station  on  the  Cleveland,  Columbus  (k 
Cincinnati  Railroad,  28  miles  N.  of  Cincinnati,  0. 

Kyle's  Ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Clinch  River,  20  miles  N.  of  Rogersville. 

Kyle's  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.C., 
on  the  Cape  Fear  River,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Fayetteville. 

Kyles  of  Bute,  a  narrow  arm  of  the  Firth  of  Clyde, 
Scotland,  between  the  N.W.  part  of  the  Isle  of  Bute  and 
the  mainland  of  the  county  of  Argyle. 

Kymi,  Greece.     See  Kumi. 

Kymulga,  Alabama.    See  Kihulqa. 

Kyouk  Phyoo,  ki-5wk'  fi-oo',  a  town  of  India,  in 
Aracan,  capital  of  the  Ramree  district,  at  the  N.  end  of 
Ramree  Island,  with  an  excellent  harbor.  Lat.  19°  24'  N. ; 
Ion.  93°  34'  E.  It  is  the  only  port  of  Aracan  accessible 
during  the  S.W.  monsoon.     Pop.  2667. 

Kyparissia,  ke-p&.-ris-see'll  (also  called  Cyparissia^ 
sip'4-ris-see'jl,  and  Arka'dia),  a  town  of  Greece,  in  the 
Morea,  on  the  Gulf  of  Arkadia,  24  miles  N.  of  Navarino. 
Anciently  it  was  a  commercial  port  of  much  importance, 
and  in  the  Middle  Ages  was  one  of  the  twelve  Frankish 
strongholds  in  the  Morea.  It  is  a  place  of  great  antiquity. 
Its  roadstead  is  very  good,  and  the  town  has  some  ancient 
remains.     Pop.  2959.    See  Arcadia. 

Kyraghur,  ki-ri-gur',  a  town  of  India,  in  Berar,  113 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Nagpoor. 

Kyranuh,  ki-rin'iih,  a  town  of  India,  district  and  30 
miles  W.  of  MozufTernuggur.     Pop.  16,963. 

Kyree,  krree',  Deb'a  and  Gur'ree,  two  villages  of 
Sinde,  respectively  12  and  37  miles  N.  of  Larkhana. 

Kyreeghur,  kl-ree-giir',  a  town  of  India,  136  miles 
N.W.  of  Dude,  on  the  Kali. 

Kyritz,  kee'rits,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  of  Bran- 
denburg, 53  miles  N.AV.  of  Berlin.  It  has  manufactures 
of  woollen  cloth,  beer,  and  liquors.     Pop.  4666. 

Kyserike,  ki'z§r-ik,  a  post-office  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y., 
6  miles  S.W.  of  Rosendale. 

Kysorville,  ki'zor-vil,  a  hamlet  of  Livingston  co., 
N.Y.,  on  a  canal,  8  miles  N.  of  Dansville. 

Kyssperk,  Bohemia.    See  Geiersberg. 

Kyte  River,  Illinois.    See  Flagq  Centre. 

Kythul,  or  Kaithal,  kiHhul',  a  town  of  India,  dis- 
trict and  35  miles  W.  of  Kurnaul.  It  has  a  fine  palace  and 
large  sal-ammoniac-works.    Pop.  14,940, 


LAA 


1582 


LAB 


L. 


Laa^  I^,  or  Laha,  Wh,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria,  on  the 
fhvkja.,  36  luiloa  X.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  2489. 

Laab)  or  Lab^  l^p,  a  viliage  of  Hungary,  Ilitbor  Dan- 
ube, 12  miles  from  Prosburg.     Pop.  1300. 

Laach,  14k,  a  small  lake  of  Prussia,  17  miles  W.X.W. 
of  Coblcntz.     It  occu]iie8  the  orator  of  an  extinct  volcano. 

Iiandendo#r,  a  village  of  Austria.    Sco  LADKNiwnr. 

Laalandf  l&'l&nd,  or  Lollaud,  lol'l&nd  (i.e.,  "Low- 
land"), an  isLund  of  Denmark,  in  the  Baltic,  between  lat. 
bi"  3S'  and  54°  58'  N.  and  Ion.  11°  and  11°  52'  E.  Area, 
402  square  milos.  Pop.  02,953.  Surface  low  and  level.  It 
is  one  of  the  most  fertile  of  the  Danish  islands,  producing 
fine  crops  of  corn,  hemp,  hops,  apples,  and  timber. 

La  Albuera,  a  town  of  Spain.    Soe  Albuera. 

La  Antigua,  a  town  of  ttio  Canaries.    See  Amtiqua. 

Laarat)  a  Malay  island.    See  Larat. 

Laas,  l&s,  a  village  of  Tyrol,  circle  of  Dotzen,  near 
Sohlandors."  Pop.  1238. 

Laasphe,  liVs'f^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  30 
miles  S.S.K.  of  Arnsborg,  on  the  Lahn.  Pop.  2115,  engaged 
in  woollen-cloth-factories  and  iron-works. 

Laba^  I2l'b&,  a  river  of  Kussia,  in  Circasaia,  rises  on  the 
N.  side  of  the  Caucasus,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  170 
miles,  joins  the  Kooban. 

La  Baca.    See  Lavaca. 

Labaddie,  or  Labadie,  lab'a-dee,  a  post-village  of 
Franklin  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri  lliver  and  the  Missouri 
Pacific  Railroad,  44  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  2  churches. 

Labadieville,  l&'b&-de-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Assump- 
tion parish,  La.,  on  Bayou  La  Fourche,  67  miles  W.  of  New 
Orleans.     It  has  a  church  and  a  convent. 

La  Bale,  or  La  Bale  du  Febvre,  or  Saint  An- 
toine  de  la  Baie  du  Febvre,  skut  6.v>'twiLn'  d^h  1&  bd 
dii  fivn,  a  post-village  in  Yamaska  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  S. 
shore  of  Lake  St.  Peter,  82  miles  N.E.  of  Montreal.  It 
contains  several  stores.     Pop.  800. 

La'ban,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.,  Kansas,  6  miles  S. 
of  Beloit. 

La  Baficza,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Bameza. 

La  Barra,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Barra. 

Labarre,  li^ban',  or  He'bertviiie,  a  post-village  in 
Chicoutimi  co.,  Quebec,  near  the  S.  shore  of  the  Saguenay 
River,  45  miles  W.  of  Chicoutimi.  It  contains  several 
stores  and  saw-  and  grist-mills.     Pop.  300. 

La  Barthe-de-Ncste,  ]k  bant-d^h-ndst,  a  village  of 
France,  in  Ilautes-Pyrfin^es,  12  miles  E.  of  Bagndres-de- 
Bigorre.     Pop.  812. 

Lab^ashee'da,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Clare,  10 
milos  E.  by  S.  of  Kilrush,  on  a  bay  of  the  samo  name  in 
the  Shannon. 

La  Bass^e,  li  bis^si',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  on 
the  Canal  of  La  Bassee,  at  a  railway  junction,  13  milos  S.E. 
of  Lille.     Pop.  3053. 

'■  La  Basse  Mazi^re,  li  biss  mi'ze-aiR',  a  village  of 
France,  in  Correze,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Ussel.     Pop.  1379. 

Labastida,  lii-b&s-tee'D^,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Biscay, 
province  of  Alava,  30  miles  from  Vittoria.     Pop.  2095. 

La  Bathie,  Ih  b&Hee'  (L.  Bastita),  a  village  of  France, 
in  Savoy,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Moutiers.     Pop.  1265. 

Labatlan,  Idh^bdtM^n',  a  village  of  Hungary,  2  miles 
from  Neudorf.     Pop.  1412. 

La  Battaglia,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Battaglia. 

La  Baume,  or  La  Beaume,  li  bume,  a  village  of 
France,  in  Ardeche,  6i  miles  from  Aubenas.  It  is  pictu- 
resquely situated  under  a  mass  of  basalt  occupying  the  angle 
of  a  valley  nearly  opposite  the  junction  of  the  Fontaulier 
with  the  Ardeche.  Crowning  a  lofty  point  between  these 
streams  stand  the  ruins  of  a  castle  which  belonged  to  the 
dukes  of  Ventadour.  Pop.  1190.  Several  villages  of  France 
have  the  name  of  La  Baume. 

La  Baussaine,  li  bo'sin',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Ille-et-Vilaine,  near  Saint-Malo.    Pop.  of  commune,  1095. 

Labayet,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Obbid. 

L'Abbaye,  l&b^bi',  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Vaud,  on  the  Joux.     Pop.  1220. 

Labe,  a  river  of  Germany.    See  Elbe. 

La  Beauce,  14  boss,  or  Sainte  Marie  de  la 
Beauce,  sist  mi^ree'  d^h  1&  boss,  a  post-village  in  Beauce 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  river  Chaudiere,  30i 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Quebec.  It  has  mills  and  stores,  a  col- 
lego,  4  hotels,  an  iron-foundry,  tanneries,  and  copper-  and 
manganese-mines.     Pop.  1000. 

Labee,  Labe,  or  Laby,  14'bee\  a  town  of  Africa,  in 


Foota-Jallon,  230  milos  N.E.  of  Sierra  Leone.  Lat.  11'  lO* 
N. ;  Ion.  8°  30'  W.     Pon.  about  6000. 

La  Belgique,  the  French  name  of  Belgium.  . 

La  Belle,  1&  bdl,  a  post-village  of  Lewis  co..  Mo.,  in 
La  Belle  township,  on  the  Quincy,  Missouri  A  Pacific  Ilnlj. 
rood,  32  miles  N.W.  of  Quincy,  IlL  It  has  2  churches,  a 
savings-bank,  and  5  stores. 

Labelle,  liv-bdll',  a  nost-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.,  0 
milos  from  Huntington,  W.  Va.     It  has  a  church. 

La  Belle-Alliance,  I&  bdll-&ric-&Nss',  a  farm-hoaie 
of  Belgium,  in  the  Celd  of  Waterloo,  on  the  right  side  of  the 
high-road  to  Brussels,  and  about  2  miles  S.  of  Mont  Saint- 
Jean.  Here  Napoleon  marshalled  his  guards  for  their  lost 
effort  at  Waterloo,  and  here  Wellington  and  BlUchor  met 
after  the  battle  was  gained. 

La  Belle  Riviere,  Ohio.    See  Ohio  River. 

Labellum,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Lavello. 

Labcni,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Acsskgg. 

Laber,  l&'b^r,  the  name  of  several  snuill  rivers  of  Ba- 
varia, tributaries  to  the  Danube.  A  village  on  one  of 
these,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Ratisbon,  has  1526  inhabitants,  3 
churches,  a  castle,  and  iron-manufactures. 

Labes,  l&'bfis,  a  town  of  Prussian  Pomerania,  42  miles 
by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Stettin.  Pop.  5010.  It  has  manufao- 
tures  of  woollen  cloth  and  serge. 

Labette,  la-bet',  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Kansas, 
bordering  on  the  Indian  Territory,  has  an  area  of  649 
square  miles.  The  Neosho  River  flows  southward  through 
the  eastern  part  of  the  county,  which  is  also  drained  by  the 
Labette  and  by  small  affluents  of  the  Verdigris  lliver.  The 
surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  is  fertile.  A  large  portion 
of  it  (about  90  per  cent.)  is  prairie.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
oats,  cattle,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products.  Coal  and 
limestone  are  found  here.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
the  Missouri,  Kansas  &,  Texas,  St.  Louis  &  Sau  Francisco, 
and  Kansas  City,  Fort  Scott  &  Memphis  Railroads.  Capi- 
tal, Oswego.  Pop.  in  1870,  9973  j  in  1875, 14,571 ;  in  IStiO, 
22,735  ;  in  1890,  27,586. 

Labette,  a  township  of  Labette  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  530. 

Labette,  a  post-hamlet  of  Labette  co.,  Kansas,  in  Lib- 
erty township,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad, 
9  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Parsons.     Pop.  282. 

Labette  River,  a  stream  of  Kansas,  rises  in  Neosho 
CO.,  flows  S.  by  E.  through  Labette  co.,  and  joins  the  Neosho 
near  Chetopa. 

Labiau,  l&'bc-5w\  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  25  miles 
N.E.  of  Konigsberg,  on  the  Deine.  Pop.  4487.  It  has 
manufactures  of  linen  and  leather. 

Labinius,  the  ancient  name  of  tho  Latino. 

La  Biolle,  \i,  be-oU'  (L.  Belulletum),  a  village  of 
France,  in  Savoy,  on  the  Daisse,  at  the  foot  of  Montfalcon, 
12  miles  N.  of  Chamb6ry.     Pop.  1429. 

La  Bisbal,  li  bees-bil',  a  town  of  Spain,  10  miles  E. 
of  Gerona,  with  a  bridge  on  the  Adaro.     Pop.  4237. 

Labiszin,  or  Labischin,li^be-8heen',  a  town  of  Prus- 
sia, 13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bromberg.     Pop.  2370. 

Labober,  lfl.-bo'b6R,  a  small  island  in  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago, 18  miles  ofiF  the  N.W.  coast  of  Timor  Laut. 

La  Bo'ca,  a  station  in  Utah  co.,  Utah,  on  the  Ameri- 
can Fork  Railroad,  6  miles  N.E.  of  American  Fork. 

La  Bohalle,li  bo^hiir,  a  villageof  France,  in  Maine 
et-Loire,  near  Angers.     Pop.  of  commune,  1075. 

La  Bonte,  a  post-office  of  Laramie  co.,  Wyoming. 

Labooan,  an  island  near  Borneo.     See  Labuax. 

Laboon,  Laboun,  or  Labun,  li'boon,  a  town  of 
Russia,  in  Volhynia,  on  the  Khorim,  50  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Zhitomeer.     Pop.  3250. 

Labor  (or  Hard  Labor)  Creek,  Georgia,  runs  east 
ward  through  Morgan  co.  to  the  Appalachee  River. 

La  Boucane  (li  boo^kin')  Bend,  a  hamlet  of  Ascen- 
sion parish.  La.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  1  mile  from  Don- 
aldsonville.     It  has  several  stores. 

La  Bouilie,  li  booi  or  li  boo'y^h,  a  town  of  France, 
in  Seine-Inflrieure,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Rouen,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Seine.  In  its  vicinity  is  a  quarry  with  stal- 
actitic  grottos.     Pop.  652. 

La  Bourboule,  li  booR'bool',  a  hamlet  of  France,  in 
Puy-de-D6me,  22  miles  S.W.  of  Clermont-Ferrand,  on  the 
Dordogne,  with  mineral  springs  and  baths. 

Labrador,  labVa-dor',  a  peninsula  on  the  E.  coast  of 
British  North  America,  lat.  from  50°  to  65°  N.  and  Ion.  56" 
to  78°  W.,  bounded  on  the  S.E.  and  E.  by  the  Gulf  of  St. 
Lawrence  and  the  Atlantic,  on  the  N.  and  W.  by  Hudson 


LAB 


1583 


LAC 


Strait  and  Hudson's  Bay,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  Kupert's  River, 
Lake  Mistassini,  and  Betsiamites  River.  Extreme  length, 
1100  miles;  breadth,  470  miles.  Area,  450,000  square  miles, 
•r  about  equal  to  the  British  Islands,  France,  and  Prussia 
combined.  Blano  Sablon,  near  the  mouth  of  the  North- 
West  River,  is  the  E.  boundary  of  the  part  of  the  peninsula 
included  in  Quebec,  which  includes  the  whole  area  draining 
into  the  river  and  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence.  The  portion  be- 
longing to  Newfoundland  is  that  which  is  drained  by  rivers 
flowing  into  the  Atlantic.  The  remaining  area,  draining 
into  Hudson's  Bay,  is  called  East  Main,  and  is  included  in 
the  North-West  Territories  of  Canada. 

The  interior  of  Labrador  is  imperfectly  known.  It  is 
sterile,  and,  where  the  country  is  not  burned,  cariboo  moss 
covers  the  rocks.  The  whole  of  the  table-land  is  strewed 
with  boulders,  which  are  perched  on  the  summit  of  every 
mountain  and  hill,  often  on  the  edges  of  cliffs. 

■  The  principal  watershed  is  formed  by  the  Wotchish  Moun- 
tains. The  principal  rivers  are  the  East  Main,  or  Stude, 
which  flows  W.  into  the  S.E.  extremity  of  James's  Bay  ; 
the  Great  and  Little  Whale  Rivers,  which  flow  in  the  same 
direction  and  fall  into  Hudson's  Bay ;  the  Kenoganissee 
and  Caniapuscaw,  which,  flowing  respectively  N.B.  and 
N.W.,  unite  and  fall  into  Ungava  Bay;  and  the  Meshicke- 
mau  or  North-West  River,  which  flows  E.  into  the  Strait 
of  Belle  Isle.    The  lakes  are  very  numerous. 

The  prevailing  rocks  on  the  coast  are  granite,  gneiss, 
and  mica-slate.  Above  these,  in  some  parts,  is  a  bed  of 
old  red  sandstone,  about  200  feet  thick,  followed  by  sec- 
ondary limestone.  Towards  the  interior  the  secondary  for- 
mations disappear  and  the  primary  become  predominant. 
The  surface,  when  seen  at  a  distance  from  the  sea,  has  a 
green  and  alluvial  appearance,  but  is  found,  on  examina- 
tion, to  be  covered  with  moss  and  stunted  shrubs.  In  the 
valleys,  where  the  soil  is  sandy  and  the  temperature  con- 
riderably  above  the  average,  juniper,  birch,  and  poplar 
trees  are  found  growing,  and  form  a  covert  during  the 
summer  for  deer,  bears,  wolves,  foxes,  martens,  otters,  <fcc., 
till  the  approach  of  winter  drives  them  to  the  coast. 

The  climate  is  too  severe  to  ripen  any  of  the  ordinary 
cereals.  Barley,  sown  and  cut  green,  makes  excellent  fod- 
der ;  potatoes  and  several  species  of  culinary  vegetables  do 
well.  The  whole  of  this  vast  wilderness  is  uninhabited  by 
civilized  man,  with  the  exception  of  a  few  settlements  on 
the  St.  Lawrence  and  Atlantic  coasts,  and  some  widely- 
separated  posts  of  the  Hudson  Bay  Company.  Wandering 
tribes  of  Esquimaux  occupy  the  N.  coast  of  Labrador, 
while  Naskapee,  Mistassini,  and  Montagnais  Indians  are 
thinly  scattered  over  the  interior.  The  exports,  which  are 
chiefly  through  Newfoundland,  are  codfish,  salmon,  seal 
and  whale  oil,  and  furs.  Once  the  country  was  rich  in  fur- 
bearing  animals  and  cariboo  or  reindeer,  but  these  are  now 
greatly  reduced  in  numbers.  On  the  E.  side  hardly  any- 
thing is  known  beyond  the  coast. 

The  Indians  who  inhabit  the  interior  of  Labrador  are  all 
of  the  Algonquin  race.  Nearly  all  of  them  profess  the 
Roman  Catholic  faith.  They  bring  down  furs  to  the  coast, 
and  exchange  them  for  ammunition  and  clothing.  The 
Esquimaux  of  Labrador  live  almost  entirely  by  fishing. 
They  are  partially  Christianized  and  civilized,  through 
the  exertions  of  Moravian  missionaries.  They  exchange 
furs,  oil,  and  whalebone  for  ammunition,  guns,  and  clothing 
at  the  settlements.  They  are  mild,  hospitable,  and  honest. 
During  the  brief  Labrador  summer  the  whole  coast,  for 
600  miles  N.  of  the  Strait  of  Belle  Isle,  swarms  with  fisher- 
men from  Newfoundland,  Nova  Scotia,  Quebec,  and  the 
United  States,  engaged  in  the  capture  and  cure  of  seal,  cod, 
lalmon,  salmon-trout,  and  herring. 

Labrador  was  discovered  by  Cabot  in  1496,  and  re- 
discovered by  Hudson  in  1610.  The  European  settlements, 
all  on  the  E.  coast,  consist  of  Forteau  and  Bradore  Bays, 
Anso  Le  Blanc,  and  the  Moravian  stations  Nain,  Okkak, 
Hopedale,  Hebron,  Zoar,  and  Rauiah.  The  Hudson  Bay 
Company  have  several  settlements  in  Labrador,  and  receive 
valuable  furs  from  it.  The  total  population  is  supposed  to 
be  about  7000. 

Labrador,  the  N.E.  portion  of  the  province  of  Quebec, 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  river  and  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence, 
on  the  N.  by  the  North-West  Territories,  on  the  E.  by  that 
part  of  Labrador  belonging  to  Newfoundland,  and  on  the 
W.  by  the  counties  of  Chicoutimi  and  Saguenay.  Area, 
66,000  square  miles.     Pop.  3699. 

■  Labran,  Fremont  co..  Col.    See  Florence. 
Labrede,  13,'braid',  a  village  of  France,  in  Gironde,  11 

miles  S.  of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  1499. 

La  Brenne,  Id  brinn,  an  old  district  of  France,  in  the 
provinces  of  Touraine  and  Berry.    The  name  is  still  pre- 


served in  the  marshy  district  between  Ch3,teauroux  and  Le 
Blanc,  department  of  Indre. 

La  Bresse,  li  brfiss,  a  village  of  France,  in  Vosges, 
arrondissement  of  Remiremont.     Pop.  1560. 

La  Brevine,  li  brdH-een',  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  15  miles  AV.  of  Neufchitel.  Pop.  1559,  en- 
gaged in  watch-  and  lace-making  and  working  in  metals. 

Labrit,  li^bree',  a  village  of  France,  in  Landes,  16 
miles  N.  of  Mont-dc-Marsan.  It  was  formerly  a  town 
called  Albret,  capital  of  the  old  duchy  of  Albrct,  and  has 
ruins  of  a  castle  of  Henry  IV.     Pop.  1143. 

La  Broque,  13,  brOk,  a  village  of  France,  in  Vosges, 
arrondissement  of  Saint-Die.     Pop.  of  commune,  2723. 

La  Bruca,  13,  broo'ki,  a  town  of  Sicily,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Porcari  in  the  Gulf  of  Catania,  3  miles  N.  of  Agosta. 
The  vicinity  is  strewed  with  ruins  supposed  to  mark  the 
site  of  the  ancient  Partus  Pantasitts. 

Labruguiere,  13*bru'ghe-aiR',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Tarn,  4  miles  S.S.B.  of  Castres.     Pop.  1650. 

Labuan,  l3-boo-3,n',  an  island  and  British  colony,  6 
miles  from  the  N.W.  coast  of  Borneo,  in  lat.  6°  20'  N.,  Ion. 
1 15°  12'  E.  Area,  45  square  miles.  It  has  a  fine  harbor,  a 
thick  bed  of  coal  (which  is  mined),  and  a  short  railway. 
Labuan  is  an  Anglican  bishop's  see,  and  is  an  important 
commercial  depot  for  camphor,  sago,  wax,  india-rubber, 
rattans,  hides,  trepang,  and  British  goods  designed  for  th<» 
Borneo  trade.     Capital,  Victoria.     Pop.  4898. 

Labuda,  Illinois.     See  Keokuk  Junctiox. 

Labu-Hadji,  I3^boo-h3,'jee,  a  seaport  town  of  the 
Malay  Archipelago,  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Lombolc. 

Labun,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Laboon. 

Laby,  a  town  of  Western  Africa.    See  Ladee. 

L'Acadie,  13-ki-dee',  a  post-village  in  St.  John's  co., 
Quebec,  on  Little  Montreal  River,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railway,  20i  miles  S.E.  of  Montreal.     Pop.  500. 

La  Calle,  13.  kil  or  13  k3l'lA,  the  most  eastern  seaport 
town  of  Algeria,  on  a  peninsula  in  the  Mediterranean,  300 
miles  E.  of  Algiers.     Pop.  4500.     It  has  a  coral-fishery. 

La  CamarguC)  13  kihnaRg',  a  populous  island  of 
France,  department  of  Bouches-du-Rhone,  formed  by  the 
two  arms  of  the  river  Rhone  at  its  mouth.  Length,  26 
miles;  mean  breadth,  11  miles.  More  than  half  the  sur- 
face is  covered  with  marshes,  but  the  remainder  is  extremely 
fertile.  On  the  borders  of  the  marshes  salt  is  formed  nat- 
urally, and  is  an  object  of  great  importance  to  the  island. 

La  Campana,  Spain.    See  Campana. 

La  Canada,  13  k3,n-y4'd3,  a  village  of  Rio  Arriba  co., 
New  Mexico,  near  the  Rio  Grande,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Santa 
Fe.     It  has  a  church. 

La  Canardi^re,  13  k3,^naRMe-aiR',  a  scattered  village 
in  Quebec  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  river  St. 
Charles,  opposite  the  city  of  Quebec.  It  contains  the  Beau- 
port  Lunatic  Asylum.     Pop.  500. 

La  Canourgue,  14  ki^nooRg',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Lozere,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Marvejols,  on  the  Urugue,  near  its 
confluence  with  the  Lot.  It  is  a  centre  of  the  manufac- 
tures of  serges  and  other  woollen  goods.     Pop.  1830. 

Lacantun,  13-k3.n-toon',  a  river  of  Central  America. 
It  rises  in  Guatemala,  lat.  15°  25'  N.  and  about  Ion.  92° 
W.,  and  flows  first  E.  for  about  60  miles,  when  it  is  joined 
by  a  branch  coming  from  the  vicinity  of  Salama.  It  now 
turns  N.  for  about  24  miles,  then  W.N.W.  for  60  miles, 
receives  La  Passion,  and  about  75  miles  below  joins  the 
Usumasinta.  The  united  stream,  after  a  course  of  210  miles, 
falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  at  Lago  de  Terminos.  The 
whole  course  is  thus  about  430  miles;  but  its  upper  part  is 
little  known. 

La  Capeile,  14  k4-p6r,  a  town  of  France,  in  Aisne,  1ft 
miles  N.  of  Vervins,  formerly  fortified.     Pop.  1675. 

La  Capelle-Marival,  14  k3'p51^-m4'ree^•3^,  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  in  Lot,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Figeac.    Pop.  1525. 

La  Capesterre,  14  k3'p6sHaiR',  or  Le  Marigot,  l§h 
m4Vee^go',  a  town  of  the  West  Indies,  island  of  Guade- 
loupe, 9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Basse-Terre,  at  the  S.E.  angle  of 
the  island,  and  at  the  mouth  of  the  Rivi6re-aux-Peres.  Pop. 
6100.     See  also  Capesterre. 

La  Carlota,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Carlota. 

La  Carne,  13  karn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ottawa  co.,  0.,  in 
Erie  township,  near  Lake  Erie,  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Mich- 
igan Southern  Railroad,  29  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Toledo.  It 
has  2  churches  and  about  20  families. 

La  Carneilie,  13  kaR'nii',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Orne,  34  miles  N.W.  of  Alenyon.     Pop.  1500. 

La  Carolina,  14  k4-ro-lee'n4,  a  town  of  Spain,  38 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Jaen.     Pop.  1305. 

La  Carolina,  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Colombia,  de- 
partment of  Cundiuamarca,  province  of  Antioquia.  P.  1500. 


LAO 


1584 


LAC 


I«aca8ine»  or  Lnkassine,  l&kV->«o»'>  »  post-ham. 
let  of  Calcasieu  pariMh,  La.,  160  miles  W.N.W.  of  Morgan 
Citv.     It  has  a  saw-iniU  and  a  rio«-mUl. 

LacHune,  lVk6n',  a  village  of  France,  in  Tarn,  28 
miliM  E.X.E.  of  Castres.     Pop.  1406. 

Lacaie,  li'k&i',  a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn,  16  miles 
N.E.  of  Cttstres.     Pop.  387. 

Lauborg,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Lautknburo, 

JLaccadive  (l&k'k^-dlv^)  Islo  (called  by  tho  natires 
Lakarodeevk,  the  "  hundred  thousand  islands"),  a  group  of 
low  ooral  islands  in  the  Indian  Oooon,  extending  botwoen 
lat.  10°  and  12°  N.  and  Ion.  72°  and  74°  E.,  about  160 
miloa  W.  of  the  Malabar  coast.  They  consist  of  17  princi- 
pal and  many  smaller  isles.  Anderot,  or  Undoroot,  the 
largest,  is  3  miles  long.  They  have  an  aggregate  population 
of  6800  Mohammedans,  called  Moplays.  Most  of  the  islands 
are  uninhabited.  The  principal  products  are  coir,  jaggery, 
cocoa-  and  betel-nuts,  with  some  rice,  sweet  potatoes,  and 
email  cattle.  The  islands  were  discovered  oy  Yosoo  da 
Qama  in  1499. 

JLacehiarella,  ]&k-ke-&-rdrii  (L.  Laetarel'la),  a  vil- 
lage of  Italy,  2  miles  E.S.E.  of  Binasco,  on  the  Olona,  with 
the  remains  of  on  old  castle  of  some  celebrity.     Pop.  3809. 

LaccO)  l&k'ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  the  N.W.  port  of 
the  island  of  Ischia.     Pop.  1593. 

Lac  «le  Come^  Italy.    See  Lago  di  Como. 

J<ac  de  Geneve,  Europe.    See  Lake  of  Qessya. 

liBC  de  la  Pluio.     See  Kai.ny  Lake. 

Lac  de  I'Esclave.    See  Great  Slave  Lake. 

Lac  de  I'lslc  a  la  Crosse,  l&k  d^h  Icel  k  li  kross, 
li  lake  of  the  North-West  Territories,  Canada,  in  lat.  56°  25' 
N.,  Ion.  107°  54'  30"  W.  It  is  60  miles  long,  collects  the 
various  sources  of  Churchill  River,  and  yields  good  fish 
both  in  winter  and  in  summer.  Here  is  an  important  post 
of  the  Hudson  Bay  Company. 

Lac  de  P^rouse,  Italy.    See  Lake  of  Perugia. 

Lac  des  Bois.    See  Lake  of  the  Woods. 

Lac  des  Milles  Lacs,  l&k  di  mcel  l&k,  a  lake  of 
the  N.W.  portion  of  Ontario,  Canada.  Its  waters  flow  to 
Kainy  Lake  through  the  river  La  Seine. 

Lac  des  Montagues,  Canada.    See  Athabasca. 

Lac  du  Buttle,  Canada.    See  Buffalo  Lake. 

Lac  du  Grand  Oura.    See  Great  Bear  Lake. 

LacedaemoB,  los-e-dee'mon  (Gr.  Aa«e5(u/u<ii>,  Lakedai- 
mon),  an  ancient  Grecian  state,  of  which  Sparta  was  the 
capital.    Sec  Laco.via. Adj.  and  inhab.  Laced^mo'nian. 

Lacedogna,  l&-chi-d6n'y&,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Avellino,  19  miles  E.S.E.  of  Ariano.  Pop.  6132.  It  is 
a  bishop's  see. 

Lacelle,  l&-sell',  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarke  oo.,  Iowa,  in 
Enox  township,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Osceola.  It  has  2 
churches. 

La  Cen'ter,  a  post-office  of  Clarke  co.,  AVashington. 

Lacepede  (l&s's^-peed^)  Bay,  South  Australia,  is  that 
part  of  Encounter  Bay  immediately  N.  of  Cape  Bernoulli. 

Lacepede  Islands,  a  group  of  low  sandy  islands, 
N.W.  of  Australia,  oflf  Uampier. 

La'cey,  a  post-hamlet  of  Drew  co..  Ark.,  IS  miles  S.W. 
of  Collins  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Lacey,  a  hamlet  of  De  Kalb  co..  111.,  about  20  miles 
6.E.  of  liockford.     It  has  a  cheese-factory. 

Lacey,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Mahaska  eo.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Central  Railroad  of  Iowa,  7  miles  N.  of  Oskaloosa. 

Lacey  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  Ala. 

Lacey  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham  co.,  Ya., 
V  miles  N.E.  of  Harrisonburg. 

La'ceyville,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co.,  0. 

Laceyville,  a  post-village  of  Wyoming  co..  Pa.,  in 
Braintree  township,  on  the  Susquehanna,  and  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania A  New  York  Railroad,  55  miles  N.N.W.  of  Wilkes- 
barre.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  planing-mill. 

La  ChaisC'Dieu,  li  shiz-do-uh'  (t.e.,  "  house  of 
Ood"),  a  town  of  France,  Haute- Loire,  26  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Le  Pny.  Pop.  1755.  It  has  the  remains  of  «  famous  abbey 
(Caia  Dei)  founded  in  the  eleventh  century. 

La  Cliapelle  aux  Bois,  1&  shJL^pSll'  S  bwi,  a  town 
of  France,  Vosges,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Epinal.     P.  1117. 

La  Chapelle  aux  Pots,  1&  sb&'p^ir  o  po,  a  town  of 
France,  Oise,  arrondissement  of  Beauvais,  with  extensive 
manufactures  of  pottery-ware. 

La  Chapelle  d'Aligne,  li  shi'pSU'  diMeeii',  a  town 
of  France,  Sarthe,  arrondissement  of  La  Flfiche.     P.  1758. 

La  Chapelle  en  Vecors,  li  shi^pdir  6n»  v§h-koR',  a 
town  of  France,  Drftme,  25  miles  E.  of  Valence.    Pop.  1320. 

La  Chapelle  Janson,  li  shi'pfill'  ah5N«'sis»',  a  town 
of  France,  5  miles  E.  of  Fougeres.     Pop.  1882. 

La  Chapelle  Saint-Denis,  li  shi'pdU'  siip-d^h- 


nee',  a  town  of  France,  Seine,  3  miles  S.  of  Saint-Deni% 
near  Paris,  of  which  it  is  a  suburb.     Pop.  .SI, 993. 

La  Chapelle  Saint-Mesmin,  li  shi'piir  t>iir>.mis^ 
raiw"',  a  town  of  Franco,  Loirot,  arrondisHuinunt  of  OrKanL 
on  the  railway  from  Paris  to  Tours.     Pop.  1848. 

La  Chapelle  Saint-Sauvcur,  li  shi'piir  siiri.iO«, 
vur',  a  town  of  Franco,  33  miles  N.W.  of  Milcon.    Pop.  II44 

La  Chapelle  Volant,  li  shi'pill'  vo-16n<>',  a  tow« 
of  France,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Lons-le-Saulnier.     Pop.  1022. 

La  Charity,  li  shi^reo'ti',  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Niovre, 
on  tho  Loire,  here  crossed  by  a  handsome  bridge,  14  inilei 
by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Nevors.  Pop.  4776.  It  has  blast, 
furnaces,  and  manufactures  of  steel,  files,  kc. 

La  Chartre,  li  shant'r,  a  town  of  France,  in  Sarthe,  oa 
the  Loire,  25  miles  6.E.  of  Le  Mans.     Pop.  150.3. 

La  Ch&tre,  li  shit'r,  a  town  of  France,  in  Indre,  22 
miles  S.E.  of  Chtlteauroux,  on  the  Indre.  Pop.  4364.  U 
has  the  remnant  of  a  castle,  a  fine  church,  extensive 
leather-  and  woollen-factories,  and  an  active  trade  in  wooL 
goat-skins,  and  chestnuts. 

Lachen,  li'K^n,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  It- 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Schwytz,  on  the  S.  shore  of  tho  Lake  of 
Zurich.     Pop.  1655. 

Lachenaie,  li^shcn^i',  or  Saint  Charles  du  Lac* 
siKo  shanl  dii  lik,  a  post-village  in  L'Assomption  co..  Quo. 
bee,  on  the  N.  side  of  Jesus  River,  4i  miles  E.  of  Terro* 
bonne.     It  has  a  steam  grist-  and  saw-mill.     Pop.  300. 

La  Cheylard,  li  sbi^laR'  (or  Chaylard),  a  town  of 
France,  department  of  Ardiiche,  28  miles  S.W.  of  Tournon, 
on  the  Dome.  Pop.  2374.  It  has  salt-mines,  tanneries, 
and  trade  in  cattle. 

La  Chine,  the  French  name  of  China. 

Lachine,  li^shecn',  a  town  in  Jacques  Carticr  00., 
Quebec,  on  Lake  St.  Louis,  opposite  Caughnawaga,  and  oa 
the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Montreal.  It 
is  the  summer  residence  of  many  city  people,  and  a  favorito 
resort  of  pleasure-parties  during  the  winter.  It  contains  % 
large  tannery,  a  convent,  several  stores,  a  brewery,  hotels, 
churches,  schools,  &c.  There  is  a  canal  from  this  point  to 
Montreal  (9  miles)  to  avoid  the  Lachine  Rapids.  All  tht 
commerce  between  Montreal  and  the  West  (by  water)  passes 
through  this  canal.  Lachine  is  the  starting-place  for  tho 
Ottawa  line  of  steamers,  and  the  steamers  for  Kingston, 
Toronto,  and  Hamilton.     Pop.  1696. 

Lachine  Rapids,  on  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  are  situ- 
ated between  Lachine  and  Montreal.  They  present  a  scene 
of  great  attraction.  Steamers  often  descend  or  ''  shoot"  tho 
rapids,  an  exciting  and  thrilling  feat. 

Lachlan,  lik'lan,  a  river  of  East  Australia,  rises  by 
several  heads  in  the  cos.  of  King  and  Bathurst,  New  South 
Wales,  flows  W.,  and  joins  the  Murrumbidgee  to  form  the 
Murray  River,  near  lat.  34°  30'  S.,  Ion.  144°  10'  E.  In  the 
last  part  of  its  course  it  expands  into  extensive  marshes. 
Length,  700  miles. 

La  Chroma,  li  kro'mi,  an  islet  of  the  Adriatic,  on  the 
coast  of  Dalmatia,  1  mile  S.  of  Rngusa. 

Lachsa,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  Lahsa. 

Lachute,  li^sbiit',  the  chief  town  of  Argentcuil  cc, 
Quebec,  is  situated  on  the  North  River,  45  miles  N.  of  Mon- 
treal. It  has  a  grist-mill,  a  tannery,  4  stores,  2  churches, 
and  3  hotels.     Pop.  500. 

Lacinium  Promontorium.    Soo  Cape  Nau. 

La  Cinta,  a  post-office  of  San  Miguel  co..  New  Mexico 

La  Ciotat,  France.    See  Ciotat. 

Lacipea,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Talarrubias. 

La  Ciudad,  Spain.    See  IV19A. 

Lack,  a  township  of  Juniata  co..  Pa.,  bounded  S.E.  by 
the  Tuscarora  Mountain.     Pop.  1290. 

Lack'awack,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  io 
AVawarsing  township,  8  miles  N.  by  W,  of  Ellenville.  It 
has  2  churches,  and  manufa«tures  of  leather,  lumber,  and 
blue  flagstone. 

Lack^awan'na,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, has  an  area  of  about  460  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Lackawanna  River,  is  partly  bounded  on  the 
W.  by  the  Susquehanna,  and  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Lehigh 
River.  The  surface  is  hilly.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Anthracite 
coal  is  the  chief  article  of  export.  The  rocks  which  umler- 
lie  this  county  are  Devonian  and  carboniferous.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad, 
and  by  other  railroads,  which  converge  at  Scranton,  the 
capital.  It  was  organized  in  1878,  before  which  it  was 
part  of  Luzerne  co.    Pop.  in  1880,  89,269  ;  in  18'.I0, 142,088. 

Lackawanna,  a  post-village  in  Lackawanna  town- 
ship, Lackawanna  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Lackawanna  River,  and 
on  the  Lackawanna  <fc  Bloomsburg  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W. 
of  Scranton.     It  has  6  churches.     Coal  is  mined  here,  and 


LAC 


1585 


LAC 


the  village  has  several  coal-breakers.     The  township  con- 
tains a  village  named  Minooka.     Pop.  of  township,  5133. 

Lackawanna  River,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Susque- 
hanna CO.,  and  runs  southward  to  Carbondalo,  below  which 
it  runs  southwestward  in  Lackawanna  co.  and  enters  the 
Susquehanna  River  at  Pittston.  Rich  mines  of  anthracite 
occur  in  the  valley  of  this  river.  The  chief  towns  on  its 
banks  are  Scranton  and  Carbondale.  The  S.W.  part  of  the 
Lackawanna  Valley  opens  into  that  of  Wyoming,  so  that 
they  form  one  continuous  long,  narrow  valley.  This  valley 
nearly  coincides  with  the  Wyoming  and  Lackawanna  coal- 
basin,  which  is  about  55  miles  long  and  extends  through 
Lackawanna  co.  in  a  N.E.  and  S.W.  direction.  It  is  bounded 
on  two  sides  by  high  ridges,  which  unite  at  each  end  of  the 
valley.  The  valley,  or  coal-basin,  is  about  5  miles  wide  in 
the  middle,  and  tapers  to  each  end.  This  unique  and  in- 
teresting coal-field  produces  nearly  half  of  all  the  anthra- 
cite that  is  mined  in  the  United  States. 

Lack^awan'nock  Mountain,  Pennsylvania,  ex- 
tends from  the  Susquehanna  northeastward  along  the  N.W. 
side  of  Lackawanna  River  for  25  or  30  miles.  The  average 
height  is  about  800  feet.  This  mountain,  together  with  the 
Nanticoke  and  Shawnee  Mountains,  of  which  it  may  be  re- 
garded as  the  continuation,  constitutes  the  N.W.  boundary 
of  the  Lackawanna  or  Wyoming  coal-valley,  the  Wyoming 
and  Moosic  Mountains  forming  the  S.E.  boundary.  This 
valley  is  near  70  miles  long,  and  from  5  to  6  miles  wide. 

Lack^awax'en,  a  post-village  in  Lackawaxen  town- 
ship. Pike  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Lackawaxen  River,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  at  its 
junction  with  the  Honesdale  Branch,  25  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Honesdale.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  township,  1767. 

Lackawaxen  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Wayne 
00.,  and  runs  S.E.  to  Pike  co.,  through  which  it  flows  E.  until 
it  enters  the  Delaware  at  Lackawaxen. 

La  Clair,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  co.,  III.,  about  13 
miles  N.E.  of  Mendota. 

La  Clayette,  13,  kli'fitt',  a  town  of  France,  in  Saone- 
et-Loire,  10  miles  S.  of  Cbarolles.     Pop.  1671. 

Laclede,  la-kleed',  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part 
of  Missouri,  has  an  area  of  about  750  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Gasconade  River,  and  also  drained  by  the 
Osage  Fork  of  the  Gasconade,  and  by  the  Grand  Auglaize 
River,  which  rises  in  it.  The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  hard  timber.  In- 
dian corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
Limestone  underlies  part  of  the  soil.  This  county  is  inter- 
seoted  by  the  St.  Louis  <fc  San  Francisco  Railroad,  which 
crosses  it  from  ^.E.  to  S.W.  Capital,  Lebanon.  Pop.  in 
1870,  9380;  in  1880,  11,524;  in  1890,  14,701. 

Laclede,  a  post-village  in  Laclede  township,  Fayette 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  19  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Effingham.  It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill.  Pop.  159; 
of  the  township,  1242. 

Laclede,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pottawatomie  co.,  Kansas, 
12  miles  N.E.  of  Wamego.  It  has  a  church  and  flour-mill. 
Laclede,  a  post-village  of  Linn  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Han- 
nibal <fc  St.  Joseph  Railroad,  and  on  the  Burlington  &  South- 
western Railroad,  109  miles  W.  of  Hannibal,  and  21  miles 
E.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school, 
3  churches,  a  carriage-factory,  a  flouring-mill,  a  pottery, 
and  a  broom -factory.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Laclede,  a  station  in  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Mis- 
oouri  Pacific  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Lac  Maskinonge,  lik  mis^kee'n6N»'zh4',  a  post-vil- 
lage in  Berthier  co.,  Quebec,  on  a  lake  of  the  same  name,  66 
miles  N.  of  Montreal.    See  Saint  Gabriel  de  Brandon. 

Lac  Masson,  or  Sainte  Marguerite  du  Lac 
Masson,  s4xt  mar^greej.'  dii  \Lk  mis^s6N''',  a  post-village 
in  Terrebonne  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  W.  of  Lac  Masson,  57  miles 
N.  of  Montreal.  It  has  saw-  and  grist-mills.  Pop.  650. 
Lacobriga,  the  ancient  name  of  Lagos. 
Lacolle,ia,'koll',  a  post-village  in  St.  Johns  co.,  Quebec, 
on  the  Richelieu  River,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway 
(Champlain  division),  44  miles  S.E.  of  Montreal.  It  has  an 
iron-foundry,  several  mills  and  factories,  3  churches,  6  ho- 
tels, and  about  a  dozen  stores.  Laoolle  is  a  port  of  entry. 
In  1812  a  battle  was  fought  here  between  the  British  and 
American  troops,  in  which  the  latter  were  defeated.  P.  750, 
La'con,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Marshall  oo..  111.,  on  the 
E.  bank  of  the  Illinois  River,  in  Lacon  township,  about  30 
miles  above  Peoria,  and  128  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chicago.  It 
is  on  a  branch  of  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad.  It  has  6 
or  7  churches,  a  national  hank,  1  or  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
graded  school,  a  grain-elevator,  and  manufactures  of  car- 
riages, woollen  goods,  <fcc.  Steamboats  can  ascend  the  river 
to  this  place.     Pop.  in  1880,  1814;  in  1890,  1649. 


Lacon,  a  post-office  of  Maries  co.,  Mo. 
Laco'na,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa,  in  Whit« 
Breast  township,  on  the  Chariton,  Des  Moines  &  Southern 
Railroad,  14  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Chariton.     It  has  3  churches, 
2  flour-mills,  a  newspaper  office,  an  academy,  a  coal-mine, 
<fcc.     Pop.  about  400. 
Lacona,  JeflFerson  co.,  Ky.   See  Pleasure  Ridge  Park. 
Lacona,  a  post-village  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Sandy 
Creek  township,  on  the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg 
Railroad  at  its  junction  with  the  Syracuse  Northern,  44 
miles  N.  of  Syracuse.     It  has  a  cheese-factory,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  400.     Station  name,  Sandy  Creek. 

Laconi,  lH-ko'nee,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sardinia, 
45  miles  N.  of  Cagliari,  on  a  hill.     Pop.  2107. 

Laconia,  13,-ko'ne-i,  a  nome  of  Greece,  comprising  the 
southernmost  sub-peninsula  of  the  Morea.  Principal  river, 
the  Eurotas.  Area,  1678  square  miles.  Pop.  105,851.  La- 
co'nia  or  Lacon'ica  (Gr.  XaKoiviKTJ,  LakOnike)  was  in  ancient 
times  one  of  the  most  celebrated  of  the  Grecian  states.  Cap- 
ital, Sparta. Adj.  andinhab.  Laconian,  1^-ko'ne-an. 

Laconia,  la-ko'ne-a,  a  post-village  of  Desha  co.,  Ark., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  60  miles  below  Helena.  It 
has  2  churches,  4  dry-goods  stores,  and  a  plough -factory. 

Laconia,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.,  in  Boone 
township,  25  miles  S.W.  of  New  Albany,  and  2  miles  from 
the  Ohio  River.  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  and  manufactures 
of  furniture,  barrels,  and  lumber.     Pop.  about  400. 

Laconia,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Belknap  co.,  N.H., 

on  the  Winnepesaukee  River,  near  Lake  Winnesquam,and 

on  the  Boston,  Concord  <t  Montreal  Railroad,  27  miles  N. 

by  E.  of  Concord.     It  has  a  high   school,  5  churches,  2 

national  and   2  savings-banks,   3   newspaper  offices,  and 

extensive   manufactures   of   hosiery,   yarn,   railroad-cars, 

woollen  goods,  machinery,  sash  and  blinds,  <fcc.     Six  H)ile8 

distant  is  Mount  Belknap,  which  is  about  3000  feet  high. 

Pop.  in  1880,  3790  ;  in  1890,  6143. 

Laconicus  Sinus.     See  Gulp  of-  Kolokythia. 

La  Con'ner,  a  post-office  of  Whatcom  co.,  Washington. 

La  Cote  Saint- Andr6,  1&  kot  siNt-6N"^dr4',  a  town 

of  France,  in  Isere,  19  miles  E.S.E.  of  Vienne.     Pop.  3496. 

Its  vicinity  produces  the  celebrated  liqueur  Eau  de  la  C&te. 

La  Couronne,  1&  koo^ronn',  a  village  of  France,  in 

Charente,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Angouleme.     Pop.  1045.     It  baa 

numerous  paper-mills. 

La  Couture,  13,  kooHilR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Pas- 
de-Calais,  5  miles  N.E.  of  B6thune.     Pop.  277. 

La  Couture,  a  village  of  France,  in  Euro,  14  miles 
S.E.  of  Evreux,  with  manufactures  of  wind-instruments. 
La  Coy,  lakoi,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co.,  Kansas. 
Luc  Qui  Parle,  or  Lac-qni-Parle,  lak  kee  pan! 
(i.e.,  "  talking  lake"),  a  small  lake  of  Minnesota,  forms 
part  of  the  S.W.  boundary  of  Chippewa  co.    It  is  an  expan- 
sion of  the  Minnesota  River,  which  issues  from  its  S.E.  end. 
Lac  Qui  Parle,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Minnesota, 
bordering  on  South  Dakota.     It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by 
the  Minnesota  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Lac  Qui  Parle 
River.      The  surface  is  undulating.      The  soil   is  fertile. 
Capital,  Lac  Qui  Parle.    Pop.  in  1880,  4891 ;  in  1890,10,382. 
Lac  Qui  Parle,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lac  Qui 
Parle  co.,  Minn.,  is  on  the  Minnesota  River,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Lac  Qui  Parle  River,  about  28  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ben- 
son.    It  has  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  of  Lao  Qui  Parle 
township  in  1880,  460;  in  1890,  497. 

Lac  Qui  Parle  River  rises  near  the  W.  boundary  of 
Minnesota,  runs  northeastward  through  a  county  of  its  own 
name,  and  enters  the  Minnesota  River  at  the  lower  end  of 
the  lake  called  Lac  Qui  Parle. 

La  Crau,  14  kro  (in  Latin,  Lapidsei  Campi,  i.e.,  "stony 
fields"),  a  plain  in  the  S.  of  France,  occupying  the  west- 
ern part  of  the  department  of  Bouches-du-Rhone,  arron- 
dissements  of  Aries  and  Aix,  between  the  Rhone  and  the 
Etang  de  Berri,  its  northern  part  being  traversed  by  a 
branch  of  the  Canal  of  Craponne.  The  surface  is  generally 
arid  and  covered  with  boulders,  but  it  is  interspersed  with 
vineyards  and  olive-  and  mulberry-  plantations. 

La  Cres'cent,  a  post-village  of  Houston  co.,  Minn.,  in 
La  Crescent  township,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on 
the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul,  Chicago,  Dubuque  <fc 
Minnesota,  and  Southern  Minnesota  Railroads,  2  miles 
above  La  Crosse,  and  about  25  miles  S.E.  of  Winona.  It 
has  3  churches  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  380:  of  the  town- 
ship, 931. 

La  Croisille,  13,  krwi^zeel',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Haute- Vienne,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Limoges.     Pop.  270. 

La  Croix,  Ig,  kroi,  a  township  of  Emmett  co.,  Mich. 
Pop.  689, 
La  Croix- Rousse,  1&  krw4*-rooss',  a  town  of  France 


LAO 


1586 


LAD 


!n  RhOne,  canton  of  Lyons,  of  whioh  it  forma  a  tubarb,  on 
the  ri);ht  bunk  of  the  Rhone. 

liacroma,  »n  island  in  the  Adriatio.    See  La  CnROMA. 

La  Cross*,  1%  krou,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Wis- 
•ontin,  baa  an  area  of  about  4 &0  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.W.  by  Black  River,  on  the  W.  by  the  Miggissippi 
Rirer,  and  is  intersected  by  the  La  Crosse  River.  The  sur- 
face is  undulatinf(,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  for- 
ests. The  soil  is  fertile.  ^Vheat,  lumber,  Indian  corn,  onts, 
and  hay  are  the  staple  products.  Silurian  limestone  under- 
lica  part  of  the  suil.  This  county  is  intereooti-d  by  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad  and  the  Chicago 
^  Northwestern  Railroad,  which,  with  several  other  rail- 
roads, connect  at  La  Crosse,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
20,297:  in  1880,  27,073;  in  1890,  38,801. 

La  Crosse,  a  post-village  of  Izard  co.,  Ark.,  4  miles 
N.B.  of  Melbourne.     It  has  3  churches  and  an  ooodemy. 

I<a  Crosse,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co.,  III.,  in  Pilot 
Grove  township,  on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw  Railroad, 
28  miles  N.E.  of  Keokuk,  Iowa.     It  has  2  churches. 

JLa  Crosse,  a  post-hamlet  of  La  Porto  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Louisville,  Now  Albany  &  Chicago  R.tilroad  where  it  crosses 
the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  28  miles  S. 
of  Michigan  City.    It  has  a  church. 

Iia  Crosse,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Rush  co.,  Kansas, 
in  La  Crosse  township,  30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Great  Bend,  and 
25  miles  S.  of  Hays  City.    Pop.  of  township,  53d. 

La  Crosse,  a  hamlet  of  King  William  oo.,  Va.,  30 
miles  from  Richmond. 

La  Crosse,  a  city,  the  capital  of  La  Crosse  co..  Wis.,  is 
beautifully  situated  on  the  Mississippi  River,  just  below  the 
mouth  of  the  La  Crosse  Rivor,  about  40  miles  below  Winona, 
and  162  miles  above  Dubuque.  By  railroad  it  is  195  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Milwaukee,  and  130  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Paul.  It 
is  the  northern  terminus  of  the  Chicago,  Dubuque  &  Min- 
nesota Railroad,  is  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
and  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroads,  and  is  also  the 
east  terminus  of  the  Southern  Minnesota  Railroad.  It 
contains  a  handsome  court-house,  10  or  12  churches,  a  high 
school,  an  opera-house,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  and 
printing-oSicos  whioh  issue  2  daily  and  6  weekly  news- 
papers, one  of  which  last  is  in  Norwegian.  It  is  the  seat  of 
a  Roman  Catholic  bishop,  and  has  a  convent  and  2  Catholic 
orphanages.  La  Crosse  has  manufactories  of  threshing- 
machines,  ploughs,  and  other  farming-implements,  an  en- 
gine- and  boiler-factory,  1  or  2  iron-foundries,  gas-works, 
and  several  large  lumber-mills  and  brovreries.  Here  is  a 
large  boat-yard,  which  employs  about  100  men  in  building 
steamboats.  Large  quantities  of  grain,  lumber,  Ac,  are 
shipped  here.     Pop.  in  1880,  14,506;  in  1890,  25,090. 

La  Crosse  Lake,  Canada.    See  Cross  Lake.  . 

La  Crosse  River,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Monroe  co., 
runs  in  a  W.S.W.  direction,  intersects  La  Crosse  co.,  and 
enters  the  Mississippi  River  at  the  city  of  its  own  name. 
It  is  about  70  miles  long. 

Lac  Saint  Jean,  Quebec.    See  Robertal. 

Lac  Talon,  I4k  t4M6N»',  a  lake  of  the  district  of  Nipis- 
sing,  Ontario,  on  the  Mattawa  River,  18  miles  from  its 
mouth.  It  is  8  miles  long,  and  very  deep.  It  discharges 
its  waters  precipitously  in  a  chute  very  narrow  and  bound 
in  by  granite  clitfs. 

Lactodurum,  the  ancient  name  of  Towcester. 

Lactora,  an  ancient  name  of  Lectoure. 

La  Cueva,  1&  kwi'vi,  a  post-office  of  Mora  oo.,  New 
Mexico,  about  60  miles  N.E.  of  Santa  F6. 

La  Cumbre,  1&  koom'brd,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estre- 
madura,  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Caceres.     Pop.  1500. 

La  Cumbre,  1&  koom'br4  {i.e.,  "the  summit"),  a  prin- 
cipal pass  across  the  Andes,  between  Santiago,  in  Chili, 
and  Mendoza,  in  lat.  33°  S.,  Ion.  70°  20'  W.  Elevation, 
12,454  feet.  From  the  end  of  May  to  the  end  of  October, 
generally,  the  Cumbre  and  part  of  the  valleys  leading  to  it 
on  each  side  can  be  passed  on  foot  only. 

Lacunza,  li-koon'thi,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre,  on 
the  Aniquil,  24  miles  from  Pamplona.     Pop.  844. 

Lacus  Asphaitites,  Syria.    See  Dead  Sea. 

Lacus  Benacus,  the  ancient  name  of  Laoo  di  Garda. 

Lacus  Cusius.    See  Lake  op  Orta. 

Lacus  Urianus,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Varano. 

Lacus  Verbanus.    See  Lago  Maogiore. 

Lac  Vieux  Desert.    See  Lake  Kattakittekox. 

La'cy,  a  station  on  the  Tuckerton  Railroad,  in  Lacy 
township,  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  22  miles  N.  of  Tuckerton. 

La  Cygne,  1&.  seen,  a  post-village  of  Linn  co.,  Kan- 
sas, in  Lincoln  township,  on  the  Osage  River,  and  on  the 
Missouri  River,  Fort  Scott  <t  Gulf  Railroad,  37  miles  N. 
of  Fort  Scott,  and  61  milei  S.  by  W.  of  Kansas  City.    It 


has  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  banking-houiio,  ■ 
savings-bank,  and  4  churches.  Coal  is  mined  hero.  It  ia 
surrounded  by  groves  of  timber.     Pop.  in  1890,  1136. 

Laczhasa,  a  village  of  Hungary.    See  Latziiaza. 

Lada  ( l&'d&)  or  Lud'da  Isles,  a  cluster  of  high  rugged 
islands  off  the  W.  coast  of  the  Malay  Peninsula.  Lat.  6' 
12' N.;  Ion.  99°  40'  E. 

Ladakh,  l&M&k',  a  country  of  Asia,  forming  a  province 
or  dependency  of  Cashmere,  between  lat.  32°  and  30°  N. 
and  Ion.  76°  and  79°  E.,  having  S.  and  S.W.  the  Himalaya 
Mountains,  separating  it  from  Cashmere  and  the  Punjab, 
N.  the  Karakorum  Mountains,  E.  Great  Thibet,  and  N.W. 
Bulti.  Area,  estimated  at  30,000  square  miles.  The  poo])le 
are  mostly  Thibetans.  Surface  wholly  mountainous,  inter- 
spersed with  narrow  valleys,  the  principal  being  those  uf 
the  Upper  Indus  and  its  atiluents.  Soil  sterile,  and  climate 
severe;  yet,  the  mountain-sides  being  carefully  embanked 
with  stone  dikes  and  industriously  cultivated,  crops  of 
wheat,  barley,  and  buckwheat  are  raised,  with  ap))log  and 
apricots.  Prangos,  a  peculiar  kind  of  fodder,  is  abundant, 
as  is  rhubarb.  Sulphur,  iron,  lead,  and  copper  might  be 
mined.  This  country  is  the  great  depot  for  the  wool  used 
in  the  manufacture  of  Cashmere  shawls.  The  transit  trade 
with  all  tho  neighboring  regions  is  extensive,  and  is  con* 
ducted  mostly  by  means  of  mules  and  sheep.  Principal 
city,  Leh.     Pop.  90,721. 

Ladany,  Jasz,  Hungary.     See  Jasz-Ladant. 

Ladany  Korcis,  luhMin'  koViish',  a  village  of  Hun* 
gary,  co.  of  Bekes,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Gyula.     Pop.  6244. 

Ladbergen,  lid'bdR^oh^n,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, 13  miles  N.N.E.  of  MUnster.     Pop.  1865. 

Laddo'nia,  a  post-office  of  Audrain  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Chicago  A  Alton  Railroad,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Mexico. 

Ladds'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  at  MiU 
ler's  Station  on  the  Sullivan  &  Erie  Railroad,  16  miles  S.  of 
Towanda.     It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Ladeinoe-Pole,  li-dl'no-d-po-li',  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  of  Olonets,  on  the  Sveer,  30  miles  from  its 
mouth  in  Lake  Ladoga.  Here,  under  Peter  tho  Great, 
the  first  Russian  ships  were  built  for  the  navigation  of  the 
Baltic.     Pop.  518. 

Ladenburg,  li'd^n-bSSno^  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the 
Neckar,  and  on  the  Main-Neckar  Railway,  6  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Mannheim.     Pop.  3040. 

Ladendorf,  or  Laadendorf,  l&'d^n-donr,  a  village 
of  Austria,  9  miles  from  Gaunersdorf.     Pop.  1171. 

La'dentowu,  a  hamlet  of  Rockland  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Ra- 
mapo  township,  about  7  miles  W.  of  Haverstraw.  It  has 
a  church,  4  stores,  and  about  12  dwellings. 

Ladenze,  li-dfin'z?h,  or  14M6kz',  a  village  of  Belgium, 
province  of  Hainaut,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Mons.     Pop.  1100. 

Ladestris,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Lagosta. 

Ladiesburg,  la'diz-burg,  a  post-village  of  Frederick 
CO.,  Md.,  on  the  Frederick  division  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Frederick. 

Ladi'ga,  a  post-village  of  Calhoun  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Selma,  Rome  <fc  Dalton  Railroad,  36  miles  S.W.  of  Rome. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Ladignac,  liMeen^yik',  a  village  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Haute-Vienne,  22  miles  S.  of  Limoges.    Pop.  2495. 

Ladik,  li'deek\  or  Yorgan  Ladik,  you^gin'  I4'deek' 
(anc.  Laodiee'a  Comhua'ta),  a  town  of  Turkey  in  Asia,  24 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Konich.  It  is  built  of  mud,  in  the  midst 
of  a  mound  of  ruins,  and  has  many  antiquities,  consisting 
of  altars,  columns,  friezes,  <tc.     Pop.  about  500. 

Ladikia,  or  Ladikiych,  Syria.    See  Latakeea. 

Ladoga,  14'do-gS,,  the  largest  lake  of  Europe,  is  situ- 
ated in  Russia,  mostly  between  lat.  59°  58'  and  61°  46'  N. 
and  Ion.  30°  and  33°  E.,  enclosed  by  the  governments  of 
St.  Petersburg,  Olonets,  and  Viborg.  Area,  6190  square 
miles.  Depth  very  unequal.  The  shores  are  generally 
low ;  it  contains  several  islands  and  numerous  rocks  and 
quicksands.  It  receives  about  60  rivers,  and  discharges  its 
surplus  waters  by  the  Neva  into  the  Gulf  of  Finland.  The 
Ladoga  Canal,  70  miles  in  length  and  74  feet  in  breadth, 
and  the  Siaskoi  and  Sveer  Canals,  form  a  navigable  chain 
all  around  its  S.  and  S.E.  sides. 

Ladoga,  or  New  Ladoga,  a  town  on  the  S.  shore  of 
Lake  Ladoga,  government  and  70  miles  E.  of  St.  Peters- 
burg.    Pop.  4179.     Old  Ladoga  is  a  village  adjacent. 

Lado'ga,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Clark  township,  on  Raccoon  Creek,  and  on  the  Louisville, 
New  Albany  &  Chicago  Railroad,  39  miles  S.  of  Lafayette, 
and  11  miles  S.S.E.  of  Crawfordsville.  It  has  5  churches,  a 
normal  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  and  manufacture! 
of  carriages,  flour,  furniture,  Ac.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Ladoga,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fond  du  Lao  oo.,  Wis.,  on 


LAD 


1587 


LAF 


the  Sheboygan  A  Fond  du  Lac  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  of 
Pond  du  Lac.     It  has  2  or  3  churches. 

La  Dole,  Switzerland.     See  D6i-e. 

La  Dombes,  France,    See  Domdes. 

Lado'nia,  a  post-village  of  Fannin  eo.,  Tex.,  on  a  high 
and  fertile  prairie,  12  miles  S.  of  Dodd's  City  Station,  which 
is  33  miles  E.  of  Sherman.  It  has  4  churches,  a  high  school, 
and  a  ttouring-mill.     Pop.  in  1880,  223;  in  1890,  765. 

Lado'ra,  a  post-village  of  Iowa  co.,  fowa,  near  Bear 
Creek,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad, 
91  miles  W.  of  Davenport.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  brick-yard, 
and  a  drug-store. 

Ladore,  la-dor',  a  post-hamlet  of  Neosho  co.,  Kansas, 
in  Ladore  township,  on  the  Neosho  division  of  the  Missouri, 
Kansas  k  Texas  Railroad,  5  miles  N.N.W.  of  Parsons.  It 
has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  771. 

Ladrones,  lid-rdnz'  (Sp.  pron.  Ii-dr6'n5s),  or  Mari- 
anne (miVe-ann')  or  Mariana  (mi're-i'ni)  Islands, 
a  group  in  the  Pacific,  belonging  to  Spain,  mostly  between 
lat.  13°  and  21°  N.  and  Ion.  114°  and  146°  E.,  and  consist- 
ing of  20  islands,  of  which  only  5  are  inhabited.  They  are 
of  volcanic  origin,  densely  wooded,  and  very  fertile.  Prin- 
cipal islands,  Guahan,  Rota,  and  Tinian,  on  the  first  of 
which  is  the  capital  town,  San  Ignacio  de  Agaiia.  The 
Ladrones  were  discovered  by  Magellan  in  1521,  and  called 
Las  Islas  de  los  Ladrones,  i.e.,  "  the  islands  of  the 
thieves,"  from  the  thievish  disposition  of  the  natives.  They 
wore  also  named  the  Mariana  Islands,  in  honor  of  the  queen 
of  Philip  IV.  of  Spain.     Pop.  8000. 

Ladrones,  a  group  of  islands  in  the  China  Sea,  opposite 
the  entrance  to  the  Canton  River,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Macao. 

Lad'son's,  a  station  in  Charleston  co.,  S.C.,  on  the 
South  Carolina  Railroad,  17  miles  N.W.  from  Charleston. 

La  Due,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Mis- 
souri, Kansas  <fc  Te-^as  Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Clinton. 
It  has  a  church. 

Ladwa,  14.d'w3.,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  a  small 
chiefship,  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Kurnaul. 

Lady,  l&'dee,  or  Liadi,  le-^'dee,  a  town  of  Russia,  in 
Molieelov,  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Orsza.     Pop.  1000. 

La'dybank,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife,  at  a 
railway  junction,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Cupar-Fife.     Pop.  772. 

Lady  (lA'deo)  Isle,  a  rocky  islet  off  the  W.  coast  of 
Scotland,  co.  and  5i  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ayr.  It  is  important 
only  as  affording  sheltered  anchorage. 

La'dy  JuMia  Per'cy  Island,  off  the  S.  coast  of  Aus- 
tralia, in  Portland  Bay.     Lat.  38°  35'  S. ;  Ion.  141°  50'  E. 

Lacken,  l^'k^n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  South  Brabant, 
2  miles  N.  of  Brussels,  with  which  it  communicates  by  a 
planted  avenue.     It  has  a  royai  park  and  residence. 

Laen'na,  a  township  of  Logan  co..  111.     Pop.  691. 

Laer,  or  Lar,  14k,  a  village  of  Prussia,  near  Miinster. 
Pop.  of  commune,  2164. 

Laernc,  lilR'n^b,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flan- 
ders, 6  miles  E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  3900. 

La  Escala,  14  fis-k4'14,  a  town  of  Spain,  18  miles  N.E. 
«f  Gcrona,  with  a  port  in  the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  2450. 

Lscstrigonian  Port.    See  Balaklava. 

La  Fabrica,  a  town  of  Mexico.    See  Minatitlan. 

Lafarge,  la-farj',  a  post-office  of  Vernon  co..  Wis. 

La  Fargeviile,  la-farj'vil,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Orleans  township,  on  Chaumont  River,  about 
17  miles  N.  of  Watertown,  and  on  the  Clayton  &  Theresa 
Railroad.  It  has  several  churches  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop. 
about  300. 

Lafayette,  lab-fa-ett',  a  S.W.  county  of  Arkansas,  bor- 
ders on  Louisiana.  Area,  497  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  AV.  by  Red  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Bayou 
"Podcau.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively 
"overed  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian 
"corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  the  St.  Louis  Southwestern  Railroad.  Cap- 
ital, New  Lewisville.  Pop.  in  1870  (including  that  of  the 
present  co.  of  Miller),  9139 ;  in  1880,  5730  ;  in  1890,  7700. 

Lafayette,  a  county  of  Floriila,  borders  on  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico.  Area,  about  1008  square  miles.  It  is  bounded, 
throughout  its  entire  length,  on  the  N.E.  and  E.  by  the 
Suwanee  River,  which  enters  the  gulf  at  the  S.  extremity 
of  the  county.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  exten- 
»ively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  produces  a  little  cotton 
and  maize.  Capital,  New  Troy.  Pop.  in  1870,  1783 ;  in 
1880,  2441;  in  1890,  3686. 

Lafayette,  a  parish  in  the  S.  part  of  Louisiana,  has 
an  area  of  about  264  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
Vermilion  River,  which  is  navigable.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Cotton,  sugar-cane,  cattle, 
and  Indian-corn  are  the  staple  products.     The  county  is 


traversed  by  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  La- 
fayette. Pop.  in  1870,  10,388;  in  1880,  13,236;  in  1890, 
15,966. 

Lafayette,  a  county  in  the  N.  jiart  of  Mississippi,  has 
an  area  of  about  720  square  miles.  It  is  partly  bounded 
on  the  N.  and  is  intersected  by  the  Tallahatcliee  River,  and 
is  also  drained  by  the  Yockniipatalfa  or  Yockeney  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests  of  the  white  oak,  hickory,  elm,  pine,  beech, 
magnolia,  tulip-tree,  black  walnut,  &o.  The  soil  is  based  on 
tertiary  strata,  and  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork 
are  the  stiiple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Illinois  Central  Railroad,  which  traverses  it  from  N.  to  S., 
connecting  with  Oxford,  the  capital.  Pop,  in  1870, 18,802 ; 
in  1880,  21,671;  in  1890,  20,553. 

Lafayette,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Missouri,  has 
an  area  of  about  622  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.  by  the  Missouri  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Snibar 
Creek  and  Dan's  Fork  of  Black  water  River.  The  surface 
is  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The 
soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  cattle,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  'Ihis  county  has  extensive 
beds  of  bituminous  coal  and  limestone.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad  and  the  Chicago  <fc  Alton 
Railroad.  Capital,  Lexington.  Pop.  in  1870,22,623;  in 
1880,  25,710;  in  1890,  30,184. 

Lafayette,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Wisconsin, 
bordering  on  Illinois,  has  an  area  of  about  630  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  two  branches  of  the  Pecatonica  River, 
which  unite  at  the  E.  border  of  the  county.  The  surface  is 
diversified  with  ridges  of  moderate  height,  prairies,  and 
forests  of  oak  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Oats,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  cattle,  hay,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  In  1870  this  rjounty  produced  1,519,202 
bushels  of  oats,  and  more  than  any  other  county  of  the  state. 
Among  its  mineral  resources  arc  lead,  zinc,  and  Silurian 
limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  & 
St.  Paul  Railroad  and  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad.  Cap- 
ital, Darlington.  Pop.  in  1870,  22,659;  in  1880,  21,279; 
in  1890,  20,265. 

Lafayette,  or  Chambers  Court-House,  a  post- 
town,  capital  of  Chambers  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  East  Alabama 
A  Cincinnati  Railroad,  86  miles  E.N.E.  of  Montgomery. 
It  contains  a  court-house,  4  churches,  a  female  college,  2 
newspaper  ofiices,  <feo.  Pop.  in  1880,  1061;  in  1890,  1369. 
The  name  of  its  j)ost-oBice  is  Lafayette. 

Lafayette,  a  post-hamlet  of  Contra  Costa  co.,  CaL, 
about  20  miles  N.E.  of  San  Francisco. 

Lafayette,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Walker  co.,  Qa., 
about  36  miles  N.  of  Rome,  and  27  miles  S.  of  Chattanooga, 
Tenn.  It-has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  newspaper 
ofiice.     Pop.  377. 

Lafayette,  a  township  of  Coles  co..  111.  Pop.  1276.  It 
contains  Stockton. 

Lafayette,  a  township  of  Ogle  co..  Ill,     Pop.  338. 

Lafayette,  a  post-village  of  Stark  co..  111.,  in  Goshen 
township,  on  the  Peoria  &  Rock  Island  Railroad,  42  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Peoria.  It  has  4  churches,  a  banking-house,  a 
graded  school,  an  elevator,  and  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  250. 

Lafayette,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1388. 

Lafayette,  a  township  of  Floyd  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1440. 

Lafayette,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1614. 

Lafayette,  a  township  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  736. 

Lafayette,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind., 
is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  Wabash  River,  and  on  the 
Wabash  <fe  Erie  Canal,  at  the  junction  of  the  Lake  Erie  <fe 
AVestern,  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  <fc  St.  Louis,  Wa- 
bash, and  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  Railroads,  63 
miles  N.W.  of  Indianapolis,  130  miles  S.S.E.  of  Chicago, 
and  37  miles  S.W.  of  Logansport,  It  contains  a  court-house, 
about  30  churches  (embracing  Baptist,  Catholic,  Christian, 
Episcopal,  Lutheran,  Jewish,  Methodist,  Presbyterian,  Re- 
formed, United  Brethren,  and  Universalist  denominations), 
a  high  school,  St.  Mary's  Academy  (Catholic),  6  national 
banks,  4  private  banks,  a  monastery,  a  convent,  a  Catholio 
hospital,  and  an  orphanage.  Three  daily  and  5  weekly 
newspapers  are  publ  ished  here.  This  city  has  manufactures 
of  machinery,  ploughs,  reapers  and  mowers,  and  other 
farming-implements,  clothing,  carriages,  cars,  wooden-ware, 
<feo,  A  union  belt  railway  on  which  numerous  factories  are 
located  encircles  the  city.  Here  is  an  institution  entitled 
Purdue  University,  which  is  an  agricultural  college  sup- 
ported by  the  state.  Lafayette  is  surrounded  by  interesting 
scenery  and  fertile  prairies,  and  is  an  important  market  for 
grain.  It  was  settled  in  1825.  Pop.  in  1860,9387;  in 
1870,  13,506;  in  1880,  14,860;  in  1890,  16,243, 

Lafayette,  township,  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa.    Pop,  871, 


LAr 


1588 


LAF 


LafaTette* »  townihip  of  Bremer  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  745. 

Lafayette^  a  township  of  Keokuk  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop., 
•xolusiveof  KeotA,  1116. 

Lafayette^  a  post-village  of  Linn  oo.,  Iowa,  in  Otter 
Oraek  townihip,  9  milofl  N.N.W.  of  Marion,  and  about  12 
ailea  N.  of  Cedar  Itapids.  It  ha«  1  or  2  ohurobos,  and  2 
flour-milla  on  Otter  Creek. 

LafaycUe«  a  township  of  Story  eo.,  Iowa.    P.  743. 

LafuyettCf  a  tuwnshlp  of  Chautauqua  oo.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  1)14.     I'ost-offices,  Urafton  and  Mount  Vernon. 

Ijaihyctte)  a  hamlet  of  Doniphan  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Missouri  liirer,  about  24  miles  N.  of  Atchison.     Pop.  64. 

Lafayette,  a  poet-village  of  Christian  oo.,  Ky.,  17 
milesS.W.  of  Jlopkinsville.and  20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Clarks- 
villo,  Tenn.  It  nas  3  churches,  a  high  school,  a  carriage- 
■hop,  and  2  tobocoo-faotories. 

Lafayette,  a  hamlet  of  Metcalfe  oo.,  Ky.     Pop.  53. 

Lafayette,  a  station  on  the  Baltimore  A  Potomac 
Railroad,  3  miles  from  Baltimore,  Md. 

Lafayette,  a  jMst-township  of  Gratiot  oo.,  Mloh.,  about 
44  miles  N.  of  Lansing.     Pop.  424. 

Lafayette,  a  village  of  Nicollet  co.,  Minn.,  in  Lafa- 
yette township,  about  25  miles  W.  of  St.  Peter.  The  town- 
ship is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Minnesota  River.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  756. 

Lafayette,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Mo.    P.  2007. 

Lafayette,  a  post-office  of  Seward  oo..  Neb.,  on  the 
Nebraska  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Seward. 

Lafayette,  a  post-village  of  Sussex  oo.,  N.J.,  in  Lafa- 

Sette  township,  on  the  Sussex  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of 
[ewton.  It  has  3  churches  and  2  grist-mills.  Pop.  about 
300.     Pop.  of  the  township,  884. 

Lafayette,  a  post-village  of  Onondaga  oo.,  N.Y.,  in 
Lafayette  township,  on  the  Syracuse,  Binghamton  &  New 
York  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  2  churobes 
and  a  bedstead-factory.     Pop.  135;  of  the  township,  2233. 

Lafayette,  a  village  of  Allen  co.,  0.,  in  Jackson  town- 
ship, on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad,  8 
miles  E.  of  Lima.  It  has  2  churches,  a  union  school,  and 
a  manufactory  of  heading.  Pop.  337.  The  name  of  its 
post-office  is  Herring. 

Lafayette,  a  village  of  Ashland  co.,  0.,  in  Perry  town- 
ship, about  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ashland,  and  6  miles  from 
West  Salem.     It  has  3  churches. 

Lafayette,  a  township  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.  Pop.  920. 
It  contains  West  Lafayette. 

Lafayette,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  0.,  in  Deer 
Creek  township,  on  the  National  Road,  22  miles  W.  of  Co- 
lumbus, and  4  miles  N.  of  London.  It  has  2  ohurches. 
Pop.  143. 

Lafayette,  a  township  of  Medina  co.,  0.  Pop.  1109. 
It  contains  Whittlesey. 

Lafayette,  a  post-village  of  Yam  Hill  co.,  Oregon,  is 
on  the  Yam  Hill  River,  near  the  junction  of  its  North  and 
South  Forks,  about  28  miles  S.W.  of  Portland.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  365. 

Lafayette,  a  township  of  McKean  co..  Pa.     Pop.  591. 

Lafayette,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Germantown  A  Norristown  Railroad,  10  miles  N.W.  of 
Philadelphia. 

Lafayette,  a  post-village  of  Washington  oo.,  R.I.,  on 
the  Stonington  &  Providence  Railroad,  20  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Providence.  It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  doeskin 
jean. 

Lafayette,  a  village  of  Fayette  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Mem- 
phis  &  Charleston  Railroad,  31  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Memphis. 

Lafayette,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Macon  oo.,  Tenn., 
30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Gallatin.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy, 
and  manufactures  of  flour  and  leather.     Pop.  about  400. 

Lafayette,  a  post-village  of  Upshur  co.,  Tex.,  35  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Jefferson.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  high  school. 

Lafayette,  a  post- village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Roanoke  River,  2  miles  from  Big  Spring  Station,  and 
about  70  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Lynchburg.  It  has  a  church,  a 
flour-mill,  and  an  academy. 

Lafayette,  a  post-township  of  Chippewa  co..  Wis.,  on 
the  E.  side  of  the  Chippewa  River,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Eau 
Claire.     It  is  intersected  by  the  Yellow  River.     Pop.  1688. 

Lafayette,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Wis.  Pop.  440. 
Lafayette  Station  is  on  the  La  Crosse  division  of  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Tomah. 

Lafayette,  a  township  of  Walworth  oo.,  Wis.  Pop. 
1009.     It  contains  Fayetteville. 

Lafayette  College,  Pennsylvania.    See  Eastok. 

Lafayette  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lafayette  oo.. 
Miss.,  20  miles  S.£.  of  Oxford.  It  has  2  ohurches  and  an 
academ;^. 


Lafayetteville,  laf-i-yett'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Dutchess  CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Milan  township,  about  50  miles  8, 
of  Albany. 

La  Fere,  111  faiR,  a  town  of  France,  in  Aisne,  on  an 
island  in  the  Oise,  near  its  oonflucnoc  with  the  Surre,  14 
miles  N.W.  of  Laon.  It  has  manufactures  of  woolleni 
leather,  soap,  and  oil,  saw-mills,  a  large  arsenal,  atid  a 
school  of  artillery.  It  was  taken  by  the  Prussians  on  the 
23th  of  February,  1814.     Pop.  4895. 

La  Fert6,  I&  fdu'li',  an  old  term  signifying  a  feudal 
fortress,  is  the  name  of  many  towns,  Ac,  of  France. 

La  Fert^-Bcrnard,  I&  f6i(H4'-bdu'naR',  a  town  of 
Franco,  in  Sarthe,  on  the  Huisne,  20  miles  S.E.  uf  Mumcrs. 
Pop.  2034.  It  has  manufactures  of  linen  fabrics  and  of 
linen  and  cotton  yarn. 

La  Fert6- Gaucher,  li  fiiOti'-gr/shaiii',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Seine-et-Marne,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Coulouimiers 
Pop.  1849. 

La  Fert6«AIac6,  I&  ffiii'ti'-mi'sA',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Orne,  13  miles  B.  of  Domfiont.  Pop.  6392.  It  has  maa- 
ufactures  of  cotton  goods,  leather,  Ac. 

La  Fert6  -  Alilon,  I&  f6RH4'-meeM6N"',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Aisne,  on  the  Ourcq,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Chateau- 
Thierry.     Pop.  2018.     It  is  enclosed  with  walls. 

La  Ferte-Saint-Aubin,  I&  f5n'td,'-si.Nt-o'biN»',  • 
town  of  France,  Loiret,  13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Orleans.     P.  1878. 

La  Fert6-80us-Jonarre,  1&  fdHHi'-soo-zhoo-ait',  a 
town  of  France,  in  Seine-et-Marne,  on  the  Marne,  11  miles 
E.  of  Meaux.  Pop.  3651.  E.xcellent  millstones  are  quar- 
ried in  its  vicinity,  and  exported  to  England,  America, 
Ac. ;  and  it  has  manufactures  of  paper,  ropes,  and  leather. 
It  has  a  commercial  busin  on  the  Marne,  here  forming  sev- 
eral islands,  on  one  of  which  is  the  castle  of  La  Bari-e. 

La  Fert6-sur-Aube,  I&  ffiiOti'-siiR-Ob,  a  town  of 
France,  in  Haute-Marne,  16  miles  W.of Chaumont.    P.  1209. 

La  Feuillie,  lifuh^yee',  or  La  Feuill^e,  li  fuh'yd', 
a  village  of  France,  in  Seine-Inf6rieure.     Pop.  1725. 

La  Flfeche,  \&.  flaish,  a  town  of  France,  in  Sarthe,  on 
the  Loire,  24  miles  S.S.W.  of  Le  Mans.  It  is  ornamented 
with  fountains.  On  an  island  in  the  Loire,  which  separates 
the  town  from  its  suburbs,  are  the  remains  of  an  ancient 
castle.  The  principal  edifices  are  a  military  college,  town 
hall,  court-house,  hospital,  and  the 'church  of  St.  Thomas, 
from  the  lofty  spire  (Jiiche)  of  which  the  town  derived  its 
name.  It  has  manufactures  of  leather,  paper,  gloves,  linen, 
and  hosiery.     Pop.  7468. 

Laf'lin,  a  post-village  of  Bollinger  co..  Mo.,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Iron  Mountain  A  Southern  Railroad,  138  miles  S.  of 
St.  Louis.     It  has  a  flour-mill,  Ac. 

La  Flotte,  }&,  flott',  a  seaport  town  of  France,  in  Cha- 
rente-Inferieure,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  Isle  of  Rd,  9  miles 
W.N.W.  of  La  Rochelle.     Pop.  2241. 

La^folletts'ville,  a  post-office  of  Hampshire  co.,  AV.Va. 

La  Fontaine,  lah  fin-tin',  a  post-village  of  Wabash 
CO.,  Ind.,  in  Liberty  township,  on  the  Cincinnati,  AVabash 
A  Michigan  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Marion.  It  has  a 
church,  a  graded  school,  and  2  drug-stores.    Pop.  about  400. 

La  Foret,  IS,  foV4'  or  foVfih',  a  hamlet  of  France,  in 
Finistfire,  10  miles  E.  of  Brest,  on  a  bay  of  its  own  name. 

La  Fouillouse,  1&  foo^yooz',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Loire,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Saint-Etienne.     Pop.  2260. 

La  Fourche,  a  mountain  of  Switzerland.   See  Furca. 

La  Fourche,  1&  foorsh,  a  bayou  of  Louisiana,  and  an 
outlet  of  the  Mississippi  River,  from  which  it  issues  near 
Donaldsonville.  It  flows  southeastward  through  the  par- 
ishes of  Assumption  and  La  Fourche,  and  enters  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico  at  the  S.  extremity  of  the  latter.  It  is  nearly 
150  miles  long,  and  is  navigable  for  steamboats. 

La  Fourche,  a  parish  in  the  S.  part  of  Louisiana, 
borders  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Area,  estimated  at  1000 
square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Bayou  Lii  Fourche 
(which  is  navigable  by  steamboats),  and  is  partly  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  Barataria  Bay.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and 
is  diversified  with  lakes,  forests,  and  cypress  swamps,  which 
are  annually  inundated.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Sugar-cane 
and  rice  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  a  branch  of  which  connects  with 
the  capital  of  the  parish,  Thibodeaux.  Pop.  in  1870, 14,719; 
in  1880,  19,113;  in  1890,  22,095. 

Lafourche,  a  station  in  Ouachita  parish,  La.,  on  the 
Vicksburg,  Shreveport  A  Texas  Railroad,  11  miles  £.  of 
Monroe. 

La  Fourche  Crossing,  a  post-hamlet  of  La  Fouroho 
parish.  La.,  on  Bayou  La  Fourche,  and  on  Morgan's  Louisi* 
ana  A  Texas  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Thibodeaux. 

Lafox,  la-fox',  a  post-village  of  Kane  co..  111.,  in  Black- 
berry township,  on  tlie  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad* 


LAT 


1589 


LAG 


41  miles  W.  of  Chicago.     It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese- 
factory.  „  „  . 

La  Fran«;aise,  13.  {rbtf's&z',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Tarn-et-Garonne,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Montauban.    Pop.  1041. 

La  France.    See  France. 

La  Fresnay,  a  town  of  France.    See  Fresnat, 

La  Fresucda»  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Fbesneda. 

La  Frontera  de  Tabasco.    See  Frosteka. 

La  Furca»  a  mountain  of  Switzerland.    See  FoBCA. 

LafvindsKJobiiig,  Denmark.    See  Rudkiobing. 

Laga-^ii;  li'g4-on,  a  river  of  Sweden,  issues  from  a 
small  lake  about  15  miles  S.  of  Jonkoping,  flows  S.,  ex- 
pands into  Lake  Vidiistern,  passes  Laholm,  and,  about  4 
miles  below,  falls  into  the  Bay  of  Laholm  in  the  Cattegat, 
after  a  course  of  about  110  miles. 

Lagaete,  l4-g3,-A'ti,  a  village  on  the  W.  side  of  the 
Gran  Canaria  Island. 

'Lagan,  li'gan,  a  river  of  Ireland,  in  Ulster,  rises  in  the 
Slieve-Croob  Mountains,  and,  after  a  N.E.  course  of  35 
miles,  enters  Belfast  harbor. 

La  Garde  Freinet,  14  gand  fr4^n4',  a  village  of 
France,  in  Var,  on  an  eminence,  15  miles  S.  of  Draguignan, 
near  the  ruins  of  a  celebrated  Saracen  castle.     Pop.  1947. 

La  Garnache,  14  gan^ndsh',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Vendee,  17  miles  N.  of  Les  Sables.     Pop.  454. 

La  Garriga,  14  gaB-Ree'g4,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Cata- 
lonia, 18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Barcelona.     Pop.  1518. 

Lagar'ta,  a  post-village  of  Live  Oak  co.,  Tex.,  is  on 
Lagarta  Creek,  2  miles  from  the  Nueces  River,  and  about 
120  miles  S.  by  E.  of  San  Antonio.  It  has  4  stores  and  a 
windmill.     Pop.  about  300. 

Lagartera,  l4-gaR-ti'r4,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Cas- 
tile, 70  miles  S.W.  of  Avila.     Pop.  2004. 

Lagarto,  14-gan'to,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Sergipe, 
iO  miles  W.S.W.  of  Sao  Christovao.     Pop.  2000. 

Lage,  14'gheh,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Lippe,  on  the 
Werra,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Lemgo.     Pop.  2733. 

Lage,  or  Laage^  14'gh^h,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Mecklenburg-Schwerin,  on  the  Recknitz,  12  miles  N.E.  of 
GUiitrow.     Pop.  2053. 

Lages,  I4'zl)fis,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Santa  Cath- 
arina,  1-40  miles  W.  of  Desterro.     Pop.  of  district,  5000. 

Lag'gan,  a  post- village  in  Glengarry  co.,  Ontario,  19 
miles  N.W.  of  Lancaster.     Pop.  100. 

Laghouat,  14'ghoo'4t',  or  £1  Aghouat,  a  wailed  town 
of  Algeria,  285  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Algiers,  in  a  fruitful  oasis 
of  the  same  name.  It  has  fine  public  buildings,  and  is  the 
•eat  of  an  active  trade.     Pop.  2992. 

La  Gleize,  14  gldz  or  14  gl4z,  a  village  of  Belgium,  19 
miles  S.B.  of  Liege,  on  the  AmblJSve.     Pop.  1400. 

La  Glorieta,  14  glo-re-4't4,  a  post-office  and  valley  of 
San  Miguel  co..  New  Mexico,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Santa  Fe. 

Lagnasco,  l4n-y4s'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  4  miles  S.E. 
of  Saluzzo.     Pop.  1665. 

Lagnieu,  lan*ye-uh'  (ano.  Lagniacm?),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Ain,  18  miles  N.  of  Belley,  near  the  Rhone. 
Pop.  2383. 

Lagni-Regi,  I4n'ye-r4'jee,  Lagno,  lin'yo,  orLanio, 
14'nc-o,  a  river  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta,  falls  into  the 
Mediterranean.     Length,  50  miles. 

Lagny,  I4n^yee'  (anc.  Laniacum  ?),  a  town  of  France, 
In  Seine-et-Marne,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Meaux,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Marne.  It  has  nurseries,  saw-mills,  flour-mills, 
&c.     Pop.  4249. 

Lago,  14'go,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  10  miles 
S.W.  of  Cosenza.     Pop.  2600. 

Lagoa,  l4-go'4,  a  town  of  Brazil,  on  the  E.  coast  of  the 
island  of  Santa  Catharina.   P.  3000.   See  Santa  Catharina. 

La  Goayre,  a  town  of  Venezuela.    See  La  Guayra. 

Lago  de  log  Patos,  14'go  d4  loce  p4'toce  (i.e.,  "  duck 
lake"),  in  Brazil,  state  of  Rio  Grande  du  Sul,  is  an  en- 
largement of  the  Jacuhy,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Atlantic. 
Length,  about  140  miles;  breadth,  40  miles.  It  receives 
several  small  rivers  and  the  surplus  waters  of  Lake  Mirim. 
Its  shores  are  generally  low.  At  its  N.  point  is  Porto 
Alegre,  and  at  its  S.  end  the  city  of  Rio  Grande  do  Sul. 

Lago  de  Maracaybo.    See  Lake  Maracaybo. 

Lago  de  Nicaragua.    See  Lake  Nicaragua. 

Lago  di  Amsancto,  14'go  de  4m-s4nk'to  (anc.  Am- 
aanc'tus  La'cus),  a  small  lake  at  the  entrance  of  a  moun- 
tain-valley, about  50  miles  E.N.E.  of  Naples.  It  is  re- 
markable for  the  incessant  motion  of  its  water,  which 
keeps  continually  bubbling  up  over  a  large  portion  of  the 
lurface,  with  a  noise  like  distant  thunder. 
i  Lago  di  Como,  lA'go  dee  ko'mo  (Fr.  Lac  de  CSme, 
I  ULk  d^h  kom  ;  Ger.  Comeraee,  ko'm§r-s4^ ;  anc.  La'rins  La'- 
««»),  a  lake  of  Italy,  Lombardy,  an  expansion  of  the  river 


Adda,  which  enters  it  at  the  foot  of  the  Lepontine  and 
Rhsetian  Alps,  and  quits  it  at  Lecco,  in  the  midst  of  moun- 
tains of  from  1000  to  1300  feet  in  elevation.  It  is  of  a  very 
irregular  shape,  being  separated  into  the  two  branches  of 
Como  and  Lecco  by  the  promontory  of  Bellagio.  Extreme 
brejidth  between  Menaggio  and  Varena,  3  miles.  Length, 
from  Como  to  Riva,  35  miles.  It  is,  on  account  of  the 
beauty  of  its  basin  and  its  favorable  exposure,  the  most 
celebrated  of  all  the  lakes  of  North  Italy.  Its  shores  are 
covered  with  elegant  villas,  among  which  are  the  Villa 
d'Este  and  the  Villa  Lenno.  Regular  steam  communication 
is  established  between  its  principal  towns  ;  though  its  navi- 
gation is  liable  to  interruption  from  sudden  storms.  The 
lake  abounds  in  fish. 

Lago  di  Garda,  14'go  dee  gar'd4,  or  Benaco,  b4- 
n4'ko  (anc.  La'cus  Bena'cus),  the  largest  lake  of  Northern 
Italy,  between  lat.  45°  26'  and  45°  56'  N.  and  Ion.  10°  35' 
and  10°  60'  E.  Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  35  miles ;  breadth, 
from  2  to  10  miles.  Height  above  the  sea,  320  feet;  great- 
est depth,  951  feet.  At  its  N.  extremity  it  receives  the 
Sarco  River,  and  at  its  S.E.  end  it  discharges  itself  by  the 
Mincio  into  the  Po.  In  summer,  from  the  melting  of  the 
Alpine  snows,  it  rises  4  or  5  feet,  and,  like  all  similar  in- 
land waters,  is  subject  to  violent  storms.  On  its  shores  are 
the  towns  oif  Peschiera,  Riva,  Gargnano,  Salo,  and  Garda. 

Lago  di  Lugano,  14'go  dee  loo-g4'no  (anc.  Cere'sins 
La'cua),  a  lake  of  Switzerland  and  North  Italy,  between 
Lago  Maggiore  and  Lago  di  Como,  and  about  190  feet 
higher  than  these.  Shape  very  irregular.  Greatest  length, 
16  miles ;  average  breadth,  2  miles.  It  is  mostly  enclosed 
by  lofty,  abrupt,  and  wooded  mountains,  is  of  great  depth, 
and  discharges  its  surplus  waters  by  the  river  Tresa  into 
Lago  Maggiore.  Its  scenery  is  very  imposing,  being  much 
more  gloomy  and  rugged  than  that  of  the  celebrated  lakes 
on  either  side;  and  between  the  two  villages  of  Melide  and 
Bissona,  where  it  is  narrowest,  a  handsome  bridge  has  been 
thrown  over  it. 

Lago  di  Peragia,  the  Italian  for  Lake  op  Perugia. 

Lago  Fucino,  Italy.    See  Fucine  Lake. 

Lago  Maggiore,  l4'go  m&d-jo'r4,  or  Lake  of  Lo- 
carno, lo-kaR'no  (anc.  Verba'nu*  La'cua),  a  lake  of  North 
Italy,  enclosed  by  Piedmont,  Lombardy,  and  the  Swiss  can- 
ton of  Ticino,  being  the  westernmost  of  the  groat  lakes  in 
this  region.  Length,  40  miles;  average  breadth,  2  miles; 
depth  in  some  places,  300  fathoms.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Ticino  River,  of  which  it  is  properly  but  an  expansion. 
On  its  highly  picturesque  banks  are  the  towns  of  Arona, 
Canobbio,  Locarno,  Luvino,  and  Laveno;  and  it  contains 
the  Borromean  Isles. 

La  Gonaive,  or  Gonaives,  Hayti.    See  Gonaiyb 

Lagon'da  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  in  Champaign  co.,  runs 
southwestward  in  Clark  co.,  and  enters  the  Mad  River  at 
Springfield. 

Lagonegro,  14^go-n4'gro,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basili- 
cata,  76  miles  S.S.E.  of  Salerno.  It  has  an  old  castle,  and 
manufactures  of  woollen  cloth  and  caps.     Pop.  4412. 

La'goon'  of  Tu'nis,  a  shallow  lake  communicating 
on  its  E.  side  with  the  Gulf  of  Tunis  by  the  Goletta.  a  short 
and  narrow  strait.  Length,  12  miles;  breadth,  5  miles. 
In  it  is  a  fortified  island,  opposite  the  city  of  Tunis,  on  its 
W.  shore,  and  on  its  N.E.  side  are  the  ruins  of  Carthago, 
of  which  city  it  was  the  port. 

Lagor,  14'gon',  a  village  of  France,  in  Basses-Pyr6n6es, 
15  miles  N.W.  of  Pau.     Pop.  1200. 

Lagorce,  14'goRS8',  a  village  of  France,  in  Arddche,  8 
miles  S.E.  of  LargentiSre.     Pop.  1722. 

La  Gorgue,  France.    See  Gorgue. 

Lagos,  14'goce  (anc.  Lacoh'riga),  a  fortified  seaport 
town  of  Portugal,  in  Algarve,  110  miles  S.  of  Lisbon.  Pop. 
7257.  It  stands  on  a  large  bay,  and  has  a  military  asylum, 
town  hospital,  and  2  churches. 

Lagos,  14'goce,  a  gulf  and  town  of  European  Turkey, 
in  Roumelia,  88  miles  S.W.  of  Adrianople. 

Lagos,  l4'goce,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Jalisco,  100 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Guadalajara,  having  near  it  some  rich 
silver-mines.  It  has  factories,  and  is  noted  for  its  churches. 
Pop.  20,000. 

Lagos,  l4'goce,  a  British  colony  of  West  Africa,  extend- 
ing along  the  coast  from  E.  to  W.  120  miles,  from  Ode  to 
Badagry,  inclusive.  It  consists  of  a  narrow  strip  of  coast- 
land,  with  some  islands,  on  the  Bight  of  Benin  and  the  Slave 
Coast.  Area  of  protectorate,  1000  square  miles.  Chief  ex- 
ports, palm  oil,  oil-nuts,  and  cotton.  Government  is  in- 
vested in  a  governor  and  legislative  and  executive  councils. 
Capital,  Lagos.     Pop.  100,000,  nearly  all  blacks. 

Lagos,  a  town  of  Africa,  capital  of  the  Lagos  colony, 
100  miles  E,  of  Whydah,  on  an  island  called  Lagos,  whiob 


LAG 


1590 


LAO 


b  Mparated  from  the  ooMt  by  a  narrow  lagoon.  It  la  the 
largest  town  on  the  Went  African  coast.  In  1851  it  was  bom- 
barded and  talccu  by  tho  Uritiish,  and  in  1861  booamo  British 
territory  by  convention  with  a  native  chief.  It  has  wide 
and  well-kept  streets,  brick  storehouses,  good  wharves, 
markets,  a  oourt-house,  a  hospital,  a  government  building, 
a  oustoni-house,  a  furt,  barraoKS,  a  raoo-course,  to.,  besides 
many  Mohammolnn  and  Christian  schools.  It  is  the  seat 
of  a  largo  trade,  but  is  a  very  sickly  town,  and  subject  to 
strong  tornadoes.     Pop.  36,0U5. 

Lagostat  l&-gAs't&  (ano.  La»tobon  or  Ladettritt),  the 
most  S.  island  of  Dalmatia,  in  the  Adriatic.  Length,  6 
miles,  by  4  miles  in  breadth.  On  its  N.  coast  is  a  village 
with  a  small  port. 

LagoTt  l&'gAv,  a  town  of  Poland,  province  and  35  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Sandomier.     Pop.  1001. 

La  Graciosa)  Canary  Islands.    See  Graoiosa. 

La  Graciosa^  1&  gr&-8o-o'8&,  a  post-village  of  Santa 
Barbara  oo.,  Cal.     It  has  a  hotel,  3  stores,  ko.     Pop.  120. 

La  Grand,  a  township  of  Douglas  co.,  Minn.,  contains 
many  hikes,  and  lies  next  W.  of  Alexandria,  the  county 
town.     Pop.  190. 

La  Grande,  \k  gr&n<l,  a  post-village  of  Union  co., 
Oregon,  near  the  Grande  Ilomlo  River,  75  miles  by  rail 
S.K.  of  Pendleton.  It  is  ne;ir  the  base  of  the  Blue  Moun- 
tains, and  is  in  the  Grande  Hondo  Valley.  It  has  a  college 
and  2  churches  and  a  newspaper  office,  and  is  surrounded 
by  high  mountains  and  beautiful  scenery.  Pop.  in  1890, 
2583. 

La  Grande-Chartrense,  1&  gr&:fd-8haRHri7z',  a  fa- 
mous monastery  of  Fnmce,  department  of  IsSre,  in  the  Alps, 
14  miles  N.  of  Grenoble,  in  a  picturesque  situation,  sur- 
rounded by  mountains,  3323  feet  above  tho  sea,  and  very 
difficult  of  access.  It  was  founded  in  1084 ;  but  the  present 
building,  which  is  of  vast  extent,  was  erected  in  1676.  In 
1826  it  was  restored  to  its  original  destination. 

La  Grande  Combe,  lil  grfisd  k6M,  a  town  of  France, 
in  Gard,  on  the  river  Gard,  36  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of 
Ntmes.  It  has  rich  mines  of  coal,  glass-works,  and  smelting- 
furnaces  for  zinc.     Pop.  5342. 

La  Grange,  la  granj,  a  county  in  the  N'.  part  of  In- 
diana, bordering  on  Michigan,  has  an  area  of  384  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Pigeon  River,  and  is  also  drained 
by  several  small  affluents  of  St.  Joseph's  River.  The  surface 
is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  dense  forests 
of  hard  timber.  This  county  has  also  extensive  oak  openings, 
and  several  small  lakes.  The  soil  is  partly  sandy,  and  is 
fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Grand  Rapids  <&;  Indiana 
Railroad,  and  also  traversed  by  a  branch  of  the  Lake  Shore 
<fc  Michigan  Southern  Railroad.  Capital,  La  Grange.  Pop. 
in  1870,  14,148;  in  1880,  15,630;  in  1890,  15,615. 

La  Grange,  a  village  of  Colbert  co.,  Ala.,  4  miles  S. 
of  Leighton  Station.     Here  is  La  Grange  College. 

La  Grange,  a  post-village  of  Lee  co..  Ark.,  near  the 
Saint  Francis  River,  about  12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Helena.  It 
has  2  churches. 

La  Grange,  a  post-village  of  Stanislaus  co.,  Cal.,  on 
Tuolumne  River,  about  32  miles  £.  of  Modesto.  It  bos  2 
churches. 

La  Grange,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Troup  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  Atlanta  &  West  Point  Railroad,  and  on  the  North 
&,  South  Railroad  of  Georgia,  72  miles  S.S.W.  of  Atlanta, 
and  15  miles  N.E.  of  West  Point.  It  containsa  court-house, 
a  newspaper  office,  2  banks,  3  churches,  the  Southern  Fe- 
male College,  the  La  Grange  Female  College,  and  a  flour- 
mill.     Pop.  in  1880,  2295;  in  1890,  3090. 

La  Grange,  a  post-village  of  Cook  oo..  III.,  on  the 
Chicago,  Burlington  <t  Quincy  Railroad,  15  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Chicago.  It  has  7  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  1890,  2314. 

La  Grange,  a  post-village,  capital  of  La  Grange  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  Grand  Rapids  and  Indiana  Railroad,  46  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Fort  Wayne,  and  47  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Kala- 
mazoo. It  has  a  high  school,  a  normal  school,  a  national 
bank,  5  churches,  four  weekly  newspapers,  a  foundry,  and 
manufactures  of  pumps,  carriages,  butter-tubs,  hammock- 
chairs,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1784. 

La  Grange,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Iowa.     P.  331. 

La  Grange,  a  post-village  of  Lucas  co.,  Iowa,  li  miles 
from  the  Burlington  A  Missouri  River  Railroad,  and  about 
40  miles  W.  of  Ottumwa.     Pop.  150. 

La  Grange,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  Kansas. 

La  Grange,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Oldham  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Louisville,  Cincinnati  A  Lexington  Railroad,  27  miles 
N.E.  of  Louisville,  1  mile  W.  of  Lexington  Junction,  and  38 
Bilea  W.N.W.  of  Frankfort.    It  has  6  churches,  an  academy. 


a  newspaper  office,  a  court-house,  a  town  hall,  and  machinA- 
shops  of  the  railroad.     Pop.  in  1881),  490;  in  1890,  670. 

La  Grange,  a  post-village  of  Penobscot  oo.,  Me.,  in  \..\ 
Grange  township,  on  the  Bangor  A  Piscataquis  Itailroad,  3L' 
miles  N.  of  Bangor.  It  has  2  ohuroheB.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 622. 

La  Grange,  a  post-township  of  Cass  eo.,  Mioh.  Pop, 
1814.     It  contains  Cos.sopolis,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

La  Grange,  a  small  post-village  of  Choctaw  co..  Miss., 
about  50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Grenada.     It  has  a  church. 

La  Grange,  a  post-village  of  Lewis  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Mississippi  Valley  A  Western  Railroad,  and  on  the  Missis- 
sippi  River,  11  miles  above  Quincy,  and  about  28  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Hannibal.  It  contains  a  national  bank,  2 
newspaper  offices,  a  Baptist  college,  12  churches,  and  a  to- 
bacco-factory.    Pop.  in  1880,  1336;  in  1890,  1250. 

La  Grange,  a  township  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
1800.     It  contains  La  Grangeville. 

La  Grange,  a  post-village  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y.,  abont 
32  miles  S.S.W.  of  Itochester.     It  has  a  church. 

La  Grange,  a  post-village  of  Lenoir  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Atlantic  A  North  Carolina  Railroad,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Goldsborough.     It  has  2  churches,  Ac. 

La  Grange,  a  village  of  Jefferson  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  and  on  the  Cleveland  A  Pittsburg  Railroad,  6  milet 
S.  of  Steubenville.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  coal-mine. 
Pop.  228.    The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Phillipsburg. 

La  Grange,  a  station  in  Lawrence  co.,  0.,  on  the  Iron 
Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Ironton. 

La  Grange,  a  post-village  of  Lorain  co.,  0.,  in  La 
Grange  township,  on  the  Cleveland,  Columbus  A  Indianap- 
olis Railroad,  29  miles  S.W-  of  Cleveland.  It  has  a  graded 
school  and  3  churches.  The  township  contains  4  cheese- 
factories,  Ac.     Pop.  of  township,  1533;  of  village,  551. 

La  Grange,  a  hamlet  of  Wyoming  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania  A  New  York 
Railroad,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Tunkhannock.  It  has  a  grist-mill 
arid  a  saw-mill.     Post-office,  Osterhout  (os't^r-hOwf). 

La  Grange,  a  post-office  of  Chester  co.,  S.C. 

La  Grange,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Memphis  A  Charleston  Railroad,  49  miles  £.  of  Mem- 
phis, and  3  miles  W.  of  Grand  Junction.  It  has  4  churches, 
the  La  Grange  Female  College,  an  iron-foundry,  and  a 
plough-factory.     Pop.  760. 

La  Grange,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Fayette  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  S.W.  bank  of  the  Colorado  River,  about  65  milet 
E.S.E.  of  Austin,  and  30  miles  above  Columbus.  Steam- 
boats can  ascend  the  river  to  this  place.  It  has  2  news- 
paper offices,  2  churches,  a  brewery,  and  a  wagon-shop. 
Pop.  in  1880,  1325;  in  1890,  1626. 

La  Grange,  a  post-office  of  Grand  Isle  co.,  Vt.,  on 
Lake  Champlain,  about  10  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Albans. 

La  Grange,  a  post-office  of  Walworth  co..  Wis.,  in  La 
Grange  township,  about  38  miles  W.S.W.  of  Milwaukee. 
The  township  contains  3  small  lakes  and  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  955. 

La  Grange,  la  granj,  a  small  village  in  Missisquoi  co., 
Quebec,  li  miles  from  Frelighsburg.     Pop.  100. 

La  Grange  Iron-Works,  a  village  of  Stewart  co., 
Tenn.,  1  mile  from  the  Tennessee  River,  and  10  miles  S. 
of  Dover.  It  has  3  churches  and  2  furnaces  for  pig-iron. 
Iron  ore  abounds  here. 

La  Grange  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Middlesex  co.,  Va.,  18 
miles  N.E.  of  West  Point.     It  has  a  grist-  and  a  saw-mill. 

La  Grangeville,  lagranj'vll,  a  post-village  of  Dutch- 
ess CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Dutchess  A  Columbia  Railroad,  17  miles 
N.E.  of  Newburg.  It  has  a  church,  a  carriage-shop,  and 
a  steam  grist-mill. 

La  Graiua,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  San  Ildefonso. 

La  Granja  de  Torre-Hermosa,  li  grin'iiil  d& 
toR'rd-Sn-mo'si,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  35  miles 
S.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  2924. 

La  Grasse,  li  griss,  a  town  of  France,  in  Aude,  22 
miles  S.E.  of  Carcassonne,  on  the  Orbieu.     Pop.  1280. 

La  Grasse,  a  town  of  France.    See  Guasse. 

La  Grave,  li  griv,  a  town  of  France,  in  Hautes-Alpes, 
19  miles  N.W.  of  Briancon.     Pop.  1459. 

La  Grita,  1&  gree'ti,  a  town  or  village  of  Venezuela, 
state  of  Zulia,  province  and  65  miles  S.W.  of  Merida. 

La'gro,  a  post-village  of  Wabash  co.,  Ind.,  in  Lagro 
township,  on  the  Wabash  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Sala- 
monie  River,  37  miles  W.S.W.  of  Fort  Wayne,  and  19  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Peru.  It  is  on  the  Wabash  Railroad  and  the 
Wabash  A  Erie  Canal.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  flouring-mill,  2  saw-mills,  and  a  stave-  and  head- 
ing-factory.   Pop.  of  village  (1890),  549;  of  township,  4024, 

LagTUue-sur-Mer.    See  LANGRCNE-sun-MEiu 


£Aa 


1591 


LAH 


Lagnan,  18,-gwin',  a  small  island  of  the  Philippine 

group,  off  the  N.  const  of  the  island  of  Samar. 

La  Guardia,  towns  of  Spain.    See  Guardia. 

Lagiiardo,  la-gar'do,  a  pugt-oflSce  of  Wilson  co.,  Tenn. 

La  Guayra,*ll  gvti'rk  (Ft.  La  Goayre,  IS,  gwaiR),  a 
town  and  seaport  of  Venezuela,  on  the  Caribbean  Sea,  lat. 
10°  36'  42"  N.,  Ion.  66°  56'  30"  W.,  10  miles  N.  of  Caracas, 
closely  surrounded  by  high  mountains,  e.\cept  to  seaward. 
'Xhe  streets  are  narrow,  tortuous,  and  ill  paved,  and  the 
houses  ill  built,  but  there  are  some  good  churches  and  other 
fine  public  buildings.  For  nine  months  in  the  year  the 
beat  is  excessive,  giving  rise  to  malignant  fevers.  Being 
the  principal  port  of  the  republic,  its  trade  is  extensive. 
Its  chief  exports  are  coffee,  cacao,  indigo,  cotton,  sugar,  and 
hides;  imports,  manufactured  goods,  provisions,  wines,  <fec. 
The  port  is  not  a  very  good  one,  being  unsheltered  from  N. 
to  E.  and  W.  winds,  and  the  continued  E.  breeze  keeping 
the  sea  in  a  state  of  constant  agitation.  The  holding  ground, 
however,  is  good ;  anchorage,  from  6  to  30  fathoms,  according 
ta  distance  from  the  land.  'The  town  is  defended  by  forts 
and  batteries.  La  Quayra  was  nearly  destroyed  in  1812  by 
an  earthquake.     Pop.  about  15,000. 

Laguemba,  li-ghSm'b&,  or  Lakemba,  li-kdm'b&, 
one  of  the  Feejeo  Islands,  the  largest  of  the  E.  group.  Lat. 
18°  U'  S. ;  Ion.  178°  51'  W.  It  is  of  volcanic  formation, 
and  is  about  5  miles  long  by  3  broad. 

La  Guerchc,  li  gaiRsh,  a  town  of  France,  in  Ile-et- 
Vilaine,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Rennes.     Pop.  2612. 

La  Guerche,  a  village  of  France,  in  Cher,  28  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Bourges.     Pop.  1837. 

La  Guerche,  a  village  of  France,  in  Indre-et-Loire, 
35  miles  S.  of  Tours,  on  the  Creuse,  with-  an  old  chateau. 

La  Guerre,  li  gain,  a  post-village  in  Huntingdon  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  La  Guerre  River,  3  miles  from  St.  Anicet. 

La  Guia,  13,  ghee'S,,  a  town  of  the  Canaries,  on  the  N.W. 
coast  of  Gran  Canaria,  near  Gaidar.     Pop.  4332. 

La  Guia,  a  village  of  the  Canaries,  on  the  S.  coast  of 
Teneriffe.     Pop.  2230. 

La  Guiche,  a  village  of  France.    See  Guiche. 

La  Guillotiere,  li  ghee^yo'te-ain',  a  town  of  France, 
on  the  Rhone,  opposite  Lyons.    See  Lyons. 

Lagullas,  Cape  and  Bank.    See  Agulhas. 

Laguna,  li-goo'ni,  a  province  in  the  S.E.  part  of 
Luzon,  one  of  the  Philippine  Islands. 

Laguiia,  li-goo'ni,  a  town  of  Bi^zil,  state  of  Santa 
Catharina,  60  miles  S.W.  of  Desterro.     Pop.  1000. 

Lagiiua,  li-goo'ni,  a  town  of  Peru,  department  of 
Asuay,  capital  of  the  province  of  Maynas,  on  the  Uuallaga, 
in  lat.  5°  10'  N.,  Ion.  75°  40'  W. 

Laguna,  Mexico.    See  Laguna  de  Terminos. 

Laguiia,  a  station  in  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Fulton  &, 
Guerneville  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Fulton. 

Laguna  de  Aullagas,  Bolivia.    See  Aullagas. 

Laguna  del  Madre,  li-goo'ni  dSl  miD'ri,  a  large 
lagoon  or  shallow  bayou  in  the  S.  part  of  Texas,  between 
the  mainland  of  Cameron  and  Nueces  cos.  and  the  island 
of  Padre.  It  extends  from  Corpus  Christi  Bay  nearly  to 
the  mouth  of  the  Rio  Grande.  Length,  above  110  miles; 
greatest  breadth,  14  miles. 

Laguna-de-Negrillos,  li-goo'ni-di-ni-greel'yoce, 
a  town  of  Spain,  25  miles  from  Leon.     Pop.  1420. 

Laguna  de  Terminos,  li-goo'ni  di  tjR'me-noce,  a 
seaport  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Carapeachy.  Lat.  18°  38' 
24"  N. ;  Ion.  91°  50'  42"  W.  Almost  the  only  article  ex- 
ported is  logwood.     Pop.  2000. 

Laguna  de  Terminos,  an  inlet  of  the  Gulf  of  Cam- 
peachy,  dividing  the  Mexican  state  of  Tabasco  from  Cam- 
neachy,  and  between  lat.  18°  and  19°  N.,  Ion.  91°  and  92° 
W.  Length,  70  miles;  breadth,  40  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  side  of  the  sea  by  several  islands,  that  of  Carmen 
being  the  largest.     It  receives  an  arm  of  the  Usumasinta. 

Lagunita,  li-goo-nee'ti,  a  post-office  of  Inyo  co.,  Cal. 

Lagunitas,  li-goo-nee'tis,  a  station  in  Marin  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  North  Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  28  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
San  Francisco. 

Lah,  li,  a  military  post  in  Sinde,  Lat.  23°  58'  N.; 
Ion.  08°  40'  E. 

Laha,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Laa. 

La  Haba,  li  hi'Bi,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  51 
miles  E.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  2710. 

La  Haba,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Haba. 

La  Habana,  a  city  of  Cuba.    See  Havana. 

La  Hacha,  South  America.    See  Rio  Hacha. 
Lahadj,  or  Lahaj,  li-hij',  a  town  of  Arabia,  Yemen, 
18  miles  N.W.  of  Aden.     It  stands  in  a  wide  and  cultivated 
plain,  enclosed  by  gardens,  and  has  a  bazaar  and  a  sultan's 
residence.    Pop.  5000. 


Lahai,  la-hi',  a  post-oflSce  of  Bates  co..  Mo. 

Lahaina,  li-hi'ni,  a  seaport  village  of  Hawaii,  at  the 
N.W.  end  of  the  island  of  Maui.  Lat.  20°  52'  N. ;  Ion. 
156°  34'  W.  It  has  a  good  roadstead,  a  government  house, 
a  breakwater,  a  court-house,  and  2  churches,  and  was  once 
the  capital  of  the  kingdom,  but  has  greatly  declined.  Two 
miles  E.  is  Lahainaluna  College. 

Lahajan,  li-hi-jin',  a  town  of  Persia,  province  of 
Ghilan,  near  the  Caspian,  30  miles  E.  of  Reshd.  It  has  a 
college,  several  caravansaries,  and  bazaars.     Pop.  15,000. 

Lahar,  a  town  of  British  India,  53  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Agra. 

La  Harpe,  la  harp,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co..  111., 
on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  A  Warsaw  Railroad,  at  the  junction 
of  the  Keokuk  Branch,  70  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Peoria,  and 
20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Burlington,  Iowa.  It  has  2  banks,  2 
newspaper  offices,  a  high  school,  5  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  cigars,  tiles,  and  bricks.     Pop.  1113. 

La^harpore',  a  town  of  India,  in  Oude,  division  of 
Seetapore.     Pop.  10,989. 

Lahas'ka,  a  post-village  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  in  Buck- 
ingham township,  about  30  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Philadelphia, 
and  5  miles  E.N.E.  of  Doylestown.     It  has  3  churches. 

Lahat,  li-hit',  a  village  of  Sumatra,  33  miles  S.W.  of 
Palembang,     Lat.  3°  45'  S. ;  Ion.  103°  40'  E. 

La  Havana,  or  La  Havane,  Cuba.    See  Havana. 

La  Have,  la  hiv,  a  river  of  Nova  Scotia,  has  its  source 
in  a  chain  of  lakes  that  also  feed  the  Gaspereaux  River, 
and,  after  a  course  of  60  miles,  discharges  itself  into  the 
sea,  forming  an  inner  and  an  outer  harbor,  navigable  for 
vessels  of  500  or  1000  tons,  and  sheltered  by  several  islands. 
There  are  large  quantities  of  salmon  taken  in  the  La  Have 
in  the  months  of  June  and  July,  and  it  is  frequented  by 
herring,  trout,  shad,  and  other  fish.  Ship-building  is  ex- 
tensively carried  on  at  different  points  on  the  river.  Bridge- 
water  is  at  the  head  of  navigation.  On  the  river  there  are 
many  saw-mills,  shingle-mills,  and  grist-mills. 

La  Haye,  Netherlands.    See  Hague,  The. 

La  Haye-Descartcs,  li  hi-di^kant',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Indre-et-Loire,  on  the  Creuse,  29  miles  S.  of 
Tours.     Pop.  1620. 

Lahestre,  li^hSst'r',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut, 
9  miles  E.  of  Mons.     Pop.  1890. 

Lahijan,  li-hee-jin',  a  plain  of  Persia,  in  Azerbaijan, 
S.W.  of  Lake  Ooroomeeyah. 

Lahijan,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Lahajan. 

Lahissa,  Arabia.    See  Lahsa. 

Lah'mansviile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co.,  AV.  Va., 
30  miles  from  Keyser.     It  has  a  church. 

Lahn,  lin,  a  river  of  Central  Germany,  after  a  W.  course 
of  100  miles  through  Prussia,  joins  the  Rhine  4  miles  S.E. 
of  Coblentz. 

Lahn,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  23  miles  S.W.  of 
Liegnitz.     Pop.  939. 

Lahnstein,  lan'stine.  Upper  (Ger.  Oher  Lahnstein, 
o'b^r  lin'stine),  a  town  of  Prussia,  8  miles  W.  of  Nassau, 
on  the  Ilhine.  It  has  an  old  castle,  and  4857  inhabitants, 
mostly  employed  in  cultivating  wine  and  fruit. 

Lahnstein,  Lower  (Ger.  Untcr  Lahnstein,  Son't^rlin' 
stine),  a  town  of  Germany,  on  the  Lahn,  joins  the  above 
It  has  smelting-works  and  mineral  springs.     Pop.  2462. 

La  Hogue,  France.    See  Cape  La  Hague. 

La  Hogue,  la  hog,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Iroquois 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw  Railroad,  18  miles 
W.  of  Watseka. 

Laholm,  li'hftlm,  a  town  of  Sweden,  laen  and  15  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Halmstad,  on  the  Laga-in,  near  its  mouth  in  La- 
holm  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  Ciittegat.     Pop.  1325. 

La  Honda,  li  hSn'di,  a  post-office  of  San  Mateo  co.,  Cal. 

Lahool,  Lahoul,  Lahul,  li'hool',  or  Lawur,  li^- 
wur',  a  territory  in  the  N.E.  part  of  the  Punjab. 

Lahore,  li-hSr',  the  capital  city  of  the  Punjab,  and  of 
the  Lahore  division  and  district,  British  India,  on  an  afflu- 
ent of  the  Ravee,  in  lat.  31°  36'  N.,  Ion.  74°  18'  E.  It  is 
enclosed  by  a  double  line  of  defences,  the  outer  being  about 
7  miles  in  circuit.  The  streets  are  narrow,  filthy,  and  ex- 
cessively crowded ;  the  houses  are  of  brick,  and  lofty.  It 
is  at  the  junction  of  several  important  railways.  It  has 
many  large  and  handsome  mosques,  and  around  it  for  many 
miles  are  extensive  Mohammedan  ruins,  with  the  fine  tomb 
of  the  Emperor  Jehangire,  and  the  garden  of  Shah  Jehan. 
Here  are  also  many  Hindoo  temples,  well-supplied  markets, 
and  a  citadel  containing  the  palace  of  the  Sikh  sovereigns. 
It  is  the  seat  of  an  English  bishop,  has  a  verniicular  col- 
lege, and  manufactures  of  silks,  fine  embroidered  shawls, 
lacquered  ware,  <fcc.  Under  the  Mogul  emperors  the  city 
was  of  much  greater  extent.    In  1748  it  fell  into  the  hand* 


"LAH 


1692 


LAK 


of  Ahinetl  Shah  ;  in  17(18  Runjeet  Singh  was  mftJ*  governor 
and  n^ab.  Un  th«  dofeat  of  the  Sikha,  1349,  Lahor*  waa 
taken  poaawsion  of  by  the  Britieh.     Pop.  (1891)  17ll,72U. 

I<anore«  a  dtrision  or  ooinmiaaionership  of  India,  in 
the  Punjab,  oomprising  the  diiitriots  of  Lahore,  Feruzepoor, 
»nd(iujiiru-Walla.  Area,  8S>6 1  square  miles.  Pop.  l,88l>,  1U5. 
The  district  of  Lahore  has  an  area  of  Mif)  square  miles. 
Capital,  liahore.  Pop.  789,600. 
Lahoui,  India.    See  Lahool. 

La  Uoyilf  l&  ho'yi,  a  village  of  Mexico,  at  the  mouth 
ftf  a  pass  of  the  same  name,  about  100  miles  N.W.  of 
Vera  Crui.  A  skirmish  took  place  here  between  the  Mex- 
ieikns  and  the  United  States  troops,  June  19,  1847. 

Iiahr,  l&R,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the  Sohutter,  53  miles 
by  rail  S.S'.W.  of  Carlsruho.  Pup.  8491.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  linens,  woollens,  cottons,  leather,  vinegar,  &o. 

l<ahsat  l&ii'8&\  or  El-Ahsa^  el-in's&\  written  also 
Lachsa,  l&K'sil,  Lahissa,  l&ii'i8-8&\  Lassa,  and  Ha- 
Sa«a  fertile  district  of  Eastern  Arabia,  about  90  miles  S.W. 
of  Katif  or  El  Katif.  about  lat.  2a°  25'  N.,  Ion.  49°  45'  E.  In 
former  times  it  was  also  called  Ilajar.  The  date-gardens  of 
Lnhsa  are  very  extensive  and  productive,  being  well  watered 
from  wells  and  lakes.  The  lands  adjoining  the  date-gardens 
produce  wheat,  barley,  millet,  and  rice.  The  tamarisk  here 
attains  a  large  sizo  and  serves  for  roofing-timber.  The  do- 
mestic industry  of  Lahsa  consists  wholly  in  weaving  camlets 
and  making  aba$  or  overcoats ;  but  the  inhabitants  derive 
largo  sums  annually  from  the  sale  of  camels  and  of  dates, 
and  all  the  trade  between  the  coast  of  the  Persian  Gulf  and 
the  Bedouins  of  Nejd  passes  through  this  oasis.  The  Turks, 
at  the  conclusion  of  their  war  with  the  \Vab4boe  (1819), 
occupied  Lahsa,  but  soon  after  restored  it  to  its  original 
possessors,  the  Beni-Khalid,  who  pay  a  small  tribute  to  the 
Porte.     Capital,  Ilofhoof.     Pop.  estimated  at  160,000. 

Lahsa,  or  Lachsa,  a  town  in  the  above  district,  on  a 
bay  of  the  Persian  Gulf,  opposite  the  island  of  Bahrein. 

Lahui,  India.    See  Lahool. 

Laiatea,  an  island  of  the  Pacific.    See  Raiatba. 

Laibach,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Laybach. 

Laichanpoor,  li-ch&n-poor',  a  port  of  India,  on  the 
Bay  of  Bengal,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Balosoro.  Vessels  here 
take  cargoes  of  rice  by  lighterage,  being  unable  to  come 
near  the  shore. 

Laichcv,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Laishev. 

Laichingen,  li'King-^n,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  16 
miles  N.W.  of  Ulm.     Pop.  2584. 

Lai-Choo,  or  Lai-Chow-Foo,  li^-oh5w^-foo',  or 
LaioTcheoa'Fou,  li^-chd-oo^-foo',  called  also  simply 
Lai-Chow,  or  Lai-Tchoo,  a  seaport  town  of  China, 
province  of  Shan-Toong,  on  the  S.  sliore  of  the  Gulf  of 
Pe-Chee-Lee,  lat.  37°  13'  N.,  Ion.  119°  50'  E.,  280  miles 
S.E.  of  Peking. 

Laighpoor,  lig'poon',  a  town  of  Sinde,  60  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Hyderabad.     Lat.  24°  34'  N. ;  Ion.  68°  22'  E. 

Laigie,  or  L'Aigle,  lig'l  (L.  A'quila),  a  town  of 
France,  department  of  Orne,  on  the  Rille,  18  miles  N.E. 
of  Mortagne.  Pop.  4495.  It  is  walled,  and  was  formerly 
a  military  post.  It  is  now  the  chief  manufacturing  town 
of  its  department,  having  manufactures  of  needles,  pins, 
Rtoel  goods,  glass,  leather,  gloves,  hardware,  &o. 

Laigie  (Cape),  France,  between  Marseilles  and  Toulon. 

Laigie,  l^g'l,  an  island  of  Canada,  formed  by  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Prairie  and  St.  Lawrence  Rivers,  12  miles 
below  Montreal. 

Laignes,  l^ri,  a  town  of  France,  in  Cdte-d'Or,  10  miles 
W.  of  Cha.tillon-8ur-Seine.     Pop.  1391. 

Laiguegiia,  H-gw4l'yi  (L.  Lingula),  a  town  of  Italy, 
ft  miles  S.S.W.  of  Albenga,  on  the  Mediterranean. 

Lailly,  14h^yee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Loirot,  15  miles 
S.W.  of  Orleans.     Pop.  1727. 

Lainate,  li-ni't4,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  11 
miles  N.W.  of  Milan,  noted  for  the  magnificent  palace  of 
the  house  of  Litta.     Pop.  4322. 

Laing's,  langs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  oo.,  0.,  in 
Green  township,  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Barnesville.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Laingsbnrg,  lEngs'burg,  a  post-rillage  of  Shiawassee 
CO.,  Mich.,  in  Scioto  township,  on  the  Jackson,  Lansing  & 
Saginaw  Railroad,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Lansing,  and  12  miles 
S.W.  of  Owosso.  It  is  near  the  Looking-Glass  River.  It 
has  a  union  school,  3  churcnes,  a  bank,  a  foundry,  a  fiouring- 
mill,  and  manufactures  of  furniture. 

Lainio-Eif,  li'ne-oo-filf,  a  river  of  Sweden,  which 
Issues  from  Lake  Rosto  in  Tomed  Lappmark,  flows  S.E., 
and  joins  the  Tornei  at  Tornetlfors.     Length,  140  miles. 

Laino,  li'uo,  or  Lao,l4'o  (anc.  Xa'u«),a  river  of  Italy, 
blls  into  the  Mediterranean  in  39°  42'  N.  lat. 


Laino,  or  LiOno»  H'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  provinea  of 
Coaenza,  2."!  miles  N.W.  of  Cassano.    Pop.  of  commune,  3124. 

Lairdaborough,  laordi'bur-riih,  a  post-village  of  Car' 
roll  CO.,  Ga.,  10  nules  from  Carrollton.  It  hoa  2  churohos 
a  tannery,  and  a  gold-mine.  ' 

Lairusville,  laerdz'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oneida  oo 
N.Y.,  about  11  miles  W.  of  Utica.  "' 

Lairdsville,  a  post-village  of  Lycoming  co.,  I'a.,  in 
Franklin  township,  on  Little  Muncy  Creek,  about  22  milei 
N.  of  Danville.  It  has  2  churches,  3  saw-mills,  and  a 
grist-mill. 

Lair's  (lacrz)  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co 
Ky.,  on  the  Central  Railroad,  29  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lc.xin;,'ton'! 

Lairsviile,  laorz'vU,  a  hamlet  of  Russell  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  N.  bank  of  the  Cumberland  River,  opposite  Ilowena. 
Produce  is  shipped  here. 

Laishev,  li-sliflv',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and 
30  miles  S.E.  of  Kazan.  Pop.  4654,  chiefly  engaged  in  the 
transit  trade  of  iron  and  salt  by  the  river. 

Laissac,  lis^sik',  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Aveyron,  28 
miles  N.W.  of  Millau.  Pop.  1400.  It  has  manufaotures 
of  pottery  and  paper. 

Lai-Tchoo,orLai-Tcheon-Fou.    ScoLai-Cuoo. 

Laitre,  a  village  of  France.    See  Val-d'Ajol. 

Lai- Yang,  li-ying',  a  large  town  of  China,  province  of 
Shan-Toong,  50  miles  S.S.W.  of  Che-Foo,  in  lat.  37°  N.,  Ion. 
120°  65'  E.  Pop.  60,000,  including  the  suburbs,  in  which 
are  situated  shops  and  factories  in  which  the  pongee  silk 
is  manufactured.  Gold  abounds  in  the  district,  and  is  ob 
tained  by  washing. 

Laja,  a  river  of  Chili.    See  Laxa. 

La  Jana,  or  La  Xana,  \k  uk'nk,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Valencia,  40  miles  from  Castellon  de  la  Plana.     Pop.  1650. 

Lajara,  li-ni'ri,  a  post-office  of  Conejos  co.,  Col.,  20 
miles  from  Alamosa  Station. 

Lajas,  a  river  of  Central  America.    See  Laxas. 

Lajatico,  li-yi-tee'ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and 
circle  of  Pisa.     Pop.  2246. 

Lajbics,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Lbibitz. 

Lajella,  Id-ydl'li,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Sa> 
lerno,  on  the  sea. 

Lajno,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Laino. 

La  Junielli^re,l&  zhii'merie-aiR',  a  village  of  France, 
Maine-et-Loire,  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Beauprfiau.    Pop.  1756. 

La  Junquera,  Spain.     Sec  Junquera. 

La  Junta  (Sp.  pron.  I&  Hoon'ti),  a  post-village  of  Bent 
CO.,  Col.,  on  the  Arkansas  River,  and  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka 
<fc  Santa  F6  and  Pueblo  <t  Arkansas  Valley  Railroads,  74 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Pueblo,  and  22  miles  W.  of  Las  Animas. 
It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 

La  Junta,  1&  noon'ti  (post-oflSce,  Watrous),  a  village 
of  Mora  co..  New  Mexico,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Mora.     P.  125. 

Lak^ahur'rah,  a  village  of  the  Punjab,  60  miles  N.E. 
of  Mooltan. 

Lakaradeevh,  native  name  of  the  Laocadive  Islands, 

Lakassine,  Louisiana.    See  Lacassine. 

Lake,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  California.  Area, 
1125  square  miles.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  and  con- 
sists chiefly  of  a  fertile  valley,  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the 
Coast  Range  of  mountains,  which  are  covered  with  forests 
of  fir,  pine,  and  redwood.  The  most  remarkable  feoture 
of  its  surface  is  Clear  Lake,  about  22  miles  long,  and  nearly 
1500  feet  higher  than  the  level  of  the  sea.  Wheat,  barley, 
wool,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products  of  the  soil.  This 
county  has  large  quantities  of  borax,  sulphur,  and  marble. 
Cinnabar  and  gold  are  also  found  in  it.  Capital,  Lakeport. 
Pop.  in  1870,  2969;  in  1880,  6506;  in  1890,  7101. 

Lake,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Colorado,  has 
an  area  of  450  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Arkan- 
sas River,  which  rises  in  it.  It  comprises  many  high  peaks 
of  the  Saguache  Mountains,  among  which  are  M.assi\e 
Mountain  (14,368  feet).  Mount  Harvard  (14,383  feet), Mount 
Elbert  (14,326  feet),  and  La  Plata  Peak  (14,302  feet).  Silver, 
gold,  and  lead  are  found  ih  this  county,  and  are  the  chief 
articles  of  export.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Denver  <fc  Rio 
Grande,  Colorado  Midland,  and  Union  Pacific  Railroatis. 
Capital,  Leadville.  Pop.  in  1870,  522;  in  1880,  23,563;  in 
1890,  14,663. 

Lake,  the  most  northeastern  county  of  Illinois,  borders 
on  Wisconsin.  Area,  about  490  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  Lake  Michigan,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Dcs 
Plaincs  River.  In  the  N.W.  part  of  the  county  is  Pishtaka 
Lake,  an  expansion  of  Fox  River,  which  drains  the  western 
part.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is 
diversified  with  deep  but  small  lakes.  The  soil  is  fertile 
and  durable.  Oats,  hay,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  butter,  and 
cattle  are  the  staple  products.     Limestone  underlies  part 


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I  of  this  county.     It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  &  North- 
I  western,  Elgin,  Joliet  A  Eastern,  and  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
I  i  St.  Paul  Railroads.     Capital,  Waukegan.     Pop.  in  1870, 
21,014  ;  in  1880,  21,296  ;  in  1890,  24,225. 

Ijake^the  most  northwestern  county  of  Indiana,  borders 
on  Illinois.  Area,  about  550  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  Lake  Michigan,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  Kan- 
kakee River,  and  is  intersected  in  the  N.  part  by  the  Cal- 
umet River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  large  marshes 
!  occur  in  the  southern  part.  This  county  contains  extensive 
prairies,  the  soil  of  which  is  fertile.  Oats,  Indian  corn,  hay, 
and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago,  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan 
Southern,  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis,  and 
Dther  railroads.  Capital,  Crown  Point.  Pop.  in  1870, 
12,339;  in  1880,  15,091 ;  in  1890,  23,886. 

Lake,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  the  lower  peninsula 
of  Michigan,  has  an  area  of  680  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Marquette,  Memoosic,  and  Pine  Rivers.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests 
of  pine,  sugar-maple,  and  other  trees.  Lumber,  wheat, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  It  is 
traversed  by  the  Flint  &  Pere  Marquette  Railroad.  Capital, 
Baldwin.  Pop.  in  1870,  548;  in  1880,  3233;  in  1890,0505. 
'  Lake,  a  N.E.  county  of  Minnesota.  Area,  2380  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  a  chain  of  lakes  which 
separate  it  from  the  British  possessions,  on  the  E.  by  Cook 
CO.,  and  on  the  S.E.  by  Lake  Superior.  It  is  drained  by 
Manito,  Baptism,  and  other  small  rivers.  The  surface  is 
partly  hilly  and  partly  marshy.  Copper  is  found  in  tliis 
countv,  also  abundance  of  granite.  Capital,  Beaver  Bay. 
Pop.  in  1870,  135;  in  1880,  106;  in  1890,  1299. 

Lake,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an  area 
of  about  240  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake 
Erie,  and  intersected  by  Grand  ind  Chagrin  Rivers.  The 
surface  is  hilly  or  undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is 
covered  with  forests  of  the  beech,  chestnut,  elm,  oak,  sugar- 
mjfple,  pine,  <fec.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay, 
potatoes,  wheat,  and  fruit  are  the  staple  products.  Devonian 
-shale  and  sandstone  of  the  carboniferous  age  crop  out  in  this 
county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan 
Southern  Railroad  and  the  Pittsburg  &  Western  Railroad. 
Capital,  Painesville.  Pop.  in  1870, 15,935 ;  in  1880, 16,326 ; 
in  1890,  18,235. 

Lake,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Oregon,  borders  on 
California.  Area,  8040  square  miles.  It  contains  Abert, 
Goose,  Summer,  and  Christmas,  or  Warner,  Lakes.  The 
surface  about  the  lakes  is  mountainous.  Capital,  Lake- 
view.     Pop.  in  1880,  2804;  in  1890,  2604. 

Lake,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  South  Dakota,  has 
an  area  of  580  square  miles.  It  is  partly  drained  by  the 
Vermilion  River,  and  contains  Herman  and  Madison  Lakes. 
;The  surface  is  diversified.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  two  branches  of  which 
converge  at  Madison,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1880,  2657;  in 
1890,  7608. 

Lake,  the  most  northwestern  county  of  Tennessee,  bor- 
ders on  Kentucky.  Area,  about  210  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  E. 
•by  Reelfoot  Lake.  The  surface  is  level,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  oak,  beech,  gum,  cypress,  hickory, 
Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  cotton,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  Capital,  Tiptonville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
2428;  in  1880,  3968;  in  1890,  5304. 

Lake,  a  township  of  Cook  co.,  111.,  lying  just  S.  of 
^Chicago.    Pop.  3360. 

Lake,  a  township  of  Allen  CO.,  Ind,    Pop.  1309.   Itcon- 

"ns  Areola. 

Lake,  a  township  of  Newton  co.,  Ind.,  bounded  S.  by 
leaver  Lake.     Pop.  378. 

Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Spencer  co.,  Ind.,  in  Luce  town- 
ship, about  24  miles  E.  of  Evansville.     It  has  a  church. 

Lake,  a  township  of  Cerro  Gordo  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  316. 

Lake,  a  township  of  Humboldt  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  66. 

Lake,  a  township  of  Monona  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  199. 

Lake,  a  township  of  Muscatine  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop.  762. 
It  is  traversed  by  Cedar  River. 

Lake,  a  township  of  Benzie  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  40. 

Lake,  a  township  of  Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  bordering  on 
Lake  Michigan.     Pop.  1083. 

Lake,  a  station  in  Clare  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Flint  A  Pere 
Marquette  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Farwell. 

Lake,  a  township  of  Huron  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  562. 

Lake,  a  township  of  Lake  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  104. 

Lake,  a  post-office  of  Newaygo  co.,  Mich. 

Lake,  a  townsliip  of  Wabasha  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  638, 
exclusive  of  Lake  City. 
101 


Lake,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co..  Miss.,  on  the  Vicks- 
burg  A  Meridian  Railroad,  54  miles  E.  of  Jackson.  It  has 
a  newspaper  otiico,  2  seminaries,  a  banking-house,  and  4 
churches. 

Lake,  a  township  of  Buchanan  co..  Mo.     Pop.  297. 

Lake,  a  station  in  Buchanan  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  railroad 
from  St.  Joseph  to  Atchison,  Kansas,  5  miles  S.W.  of  St. 
Joseph. 

Lake,  a  post-office  of  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo.,  15  miles  W.  of 
St.  Louis,  on  or  near  Lake  Creve  Coeur. 

Lake,  Orange  co.,  N.Y.    See  Lawtox. 

Lake,  or  Lakeville,  a  post-hamlct  of  Washington 
CO.,  N.Y.,  6  miles  W.  of  Salem.  It  has  a  church,  a  lumber- 
mill,  and  a  starch-factory. 

Lake,  a  township  of  Ashland  co.,  0.    Pop.  701. 

Lake,  a  township  of  Logan  co.,  0.  Pop.  3753.  It 
contains  Bellefontaine.  .-.i 

Lake,  a  post-township  of  Stark  co.,  0.  Pop.  2113. 
Lake  Post-Office  is  at  Uniontown,  besides  which  the  town- 
ship contains  hamlets  named  Hartville  and  Groentown. 

Lake,  a  township  of  Wood  co.,  0.,  traversed  by  the 
Lake  Shore  Railroad.     Pop.  1120. 

Lake,  a  post-office  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  in  Lake  town- 
ship, near  Harvey's  Lake,  about  12  miles  N.W.  of  Wilkes- 
barre.     Pop.  of  the  township,  597. 

Lake,  a  township  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.     Pop.  524. 

Lake,  a  township  of  Williamsburg  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  873. 

Lake,  a  station  on  the  Brazos  division  of  the  Interna- 
tional A  Great  Northern  Railroad,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Hearne, 
Tex. 

Lake,  a  station  in  Essex  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Island  Pond. 

Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Logan  co.,  AV.  Va.,  7  miles  N. 
of  Logan  Court- House. 

Lake,  a  township  of  Milwaukee  co..  Wis.,  adjoining  the 
city  of  Milwaukee  on  the  S.  Pop.  in  1890,  4899.  Lake 
Station  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad  is 

7  miles  S.  of  Milwaukee. 

Lake  Ainslie,  anz'lee,  in  the  co.  of  Inverness,  Cape 
Breton,  lies  in  the  valley  of  Ainslie,  about  3  miles  to  the 
westward  of  Whycooomah  village,  8  miles  S.  of  Mabou  Uarr 
bor.  It  is  12  miles  long,  and  7  miles  broad  at  the  widest 
part.  The  outlet  of  Margaree  River  forms  the  northern 
corner  of  the  lake. 

Lake  Amelia,  ^-me'le-a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pope  oo.^ 
Minn.,  25  miles  from  Melrose.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Lake  An'drew,  a  township  of  Kandiyohi  co.,  Minn. 
Pop.  390, 

Lake  Ar'thur,  a  post-office  of  Calcasieu  parish,  La., 
on  a  lake  of  its  own  name,  90  miles  W.  of  Morgan  City. 

Lake  Aylmer,  al'mer,  a  beautiful  lake  on  the  river 
St.  Francis,  co.  of  Wolfe,  Quebec,  about  8  miles  long  by  3 
miles  wide,  and  abounding  in  excellent  fish. 

Lake  Aylmer,  or  Strafford,  a  post-village  in  AVolfe 
CO.,  Quebec,  55  miles  N.E.  of  Lennoxville.  It  has  good 
water-power,  and  several  stores  and  mills.     Pop.  150. 

Lake  Belt,  a  post-township  of  Martin  co.,  Minn.,  35 
miles  S.W.  of  Winnebago  City.     Pop.  164. 

Lake  Ben'ton,  an  incorporated  post-village,  capital 
of  Lincoln  co.,  Minn.,  on  a  lake  of  its  own  name,  29  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Brookings,  S.D.     Pop.  in  1890,  513. 

Lake  Bol'ivar,  a  hamlet  of  Boliv.ar  co..  Miss.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  20  miles  from  Arkapolis  Railroad  Station, 
Ark.     It  has  a  church. 

Lake  Burn'side,  a  post-office  of  Neshoba  co..  Miss. 

Lake  But'Ier,  a  post-village  of  Bradford  co.,  Fla.,  is 
on  a  small  lake,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Starke,  about  50  miles 
S.W.  of  Jacksonville,  and  28  miles  N.  of  Gainesville.  It 
has  a  grist-mill,  1  or  2  saw-mills,  Ac. 

Lake  Cen'ter,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  Iowa. 

Lake  Champlain,  sham-plane',  a  station  in  Frank- 
lin CO.,  Vt.,  on  the  Portlfind  A  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  120 
miles  N.W.  of  Portland,  Me.     See  also  Champlaix. 

Lake  Charles,  charlz,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cal- 
casieu parish,  La.,  on  the  navigable  Calcasieu  River  at  the 
junction  of  two  railways,  and  on  a  small  lake  of  its  own 
name,  219  miles  W.  of  New  Orleans,  and  100  miles  S.W. 
of  Alexandria.  It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  several  steam 
saw-mills,  and  2  churches.  Pop.  in  ISSO,  838;  in  1890, 
3442. 

Lake  Cicott,  si'kot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Ind., 

8  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Logansport. 

Lake  City,  a  post-village  of  Modoc  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
S.W.  shore  of  Upper  Lake,  about  160  wiles  N.E.  of  Shasta. 

Lake  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hinsdale  co..  Col., 
is  on  the  Lake  Fork  of  the  Gunnison  River,  about  63  miles 
bj  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Gunnison.     It  is  surrounded  by  h'lgj^ 


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1594 


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mountaint  of  the  Son  Juan  Range,  and  baa  2  newtpaper 
oAeei,  A  ohurohe»,  a  high  scbool,  a  bank,  a  plnning-mill, 

5  Min|iling-work8  and  urc-concontriitiiig  uill  for  the  rich 
•llTer-niinen  in  Ita  vicinity-,  and  olcotrio-light-worki.  I'op. 
in  ISDO,  6U7. 

Lake  Citft  a  post-rillage,  capital  of  Columbia  oo., 
Fla.,  at  the  junction  of  two  railroads,  60  miles  W.  of  Jiick- 
•onvllle,  and  106  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Tnlluhassee.  It  is  a 
winter  resort  for  invalids.  It  has  2  weekly  newspaper 
offices,  5  churches,  a  Penlwdy  school,  a  state  agricultural 
college,  a  college  for  young  ludii-s,  nnd  raanuliictures  of 
Ivmber.     Pop.  tn  1880,  137V;  In  I8tf0,  2U20. 

Lako  City*  a  post-villnge  of  Moultrie  co.,  III.,  on  the 
Illinois  Midland  Ilnilrond,  4  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lovington 
Junction.    It  has  2  ohurchor,  an  elevator,  and  a  drug-»turc. 

Lake  City,  a  post-village,  cnpital  uf  Calhoun  co.,  Iowa, 
on  a  small  litke,  about  36  miles  S.W.of  Fort  Dodge.  It  has 
4  ohurohei  and  1  or  2  weekly  newspapers.    P.  (1890)  1160. 

Lake  City,  a  post-township  or  liarber  oo.,  Kansas,  on 
Medicine  Lodge  River.    It  has  a  steam  saw-mill.    Pop.  189. 

Lake  City,  or  Reed'er,  a  post-village  of  Missaukee 
CO.,  Mich.,  in  Heedor  township,  on  Muskrat  Lake,  about  40 
miles  S.S.B.  of  Traverse  City.  It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a 
■binglo-milL 

Lake  City,  a  post-rillage  of  Wabasha  co.,  Minn.,  on 
Lake  Popin,  an  expansion  of  the  Mississippi  Iliver,  about 
22  miles  below  Red  Wing,  and  on  tho  Chicago,  Milwaukee 

6  St.  Paul  Railroad,  53  miles  S.B.  of  St.  Paul,  and  12  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Wabasha.  Its  site  is  a  small  plain  between  the 
lake  and  high  limestone  bluffs  which  present  picturesque 
scenery.  It  contains  8  churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper 
offices,  iron-works,  2  steam  flouring-mills,  3  carriage-facto- 
ries, nnd  a  plough-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  2128. 

Lake  City,  a  hamlet  in  Jackson  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Wy- 
andotte, Kansas  City  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  9  miles  E. 
of  Independence,  and  near  a  fine  lake. 

Lake  Cold'en,  a  beautiful  little  lake  in  Essex  co., 
N.Y.,  among  the  Adirondack  Mountains.  Its  surface  is 
about  2800  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  It  is  nearly  5 
miles  S.W.  of  Mt.  Marcy.  Opalescent  River,  one  of  the 
head-streams  of  the  Hudson,  issues  from  this  lake. 

Lake  Comfort,  kiim'f9rt,  a  post-officeof  Hyde eo.,  N.C. 

Lake  Como,  Italy.     See  Lago  di  Como. 

Lake  Co'mo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  Fla.,  100 
miles  S.  of  Jacksonville.   It  has  a  church  and  orange-groves. 

Lake  Como,  a  post-office  of  Jasper  co.,  Miss. 

Lake  Como,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Pa.,  about 
38  miles  N.N.E.  of  Scranton.  It  is  on  a  small  lake.  It  has 
a  ohuroh,  a  tannery,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  250. 

Lake  Creek,  of  Texas,  enters  the  Sau  Jacinto  near 
the  middle  of  Montgomery  co. 

Lake  Creek,  Williamson  co.,  111.  See  Jefpersonville. 

Lake  Cross'ing,  a  station  on  the  Boston  &  Albany 
Railroad,  16  miles  W.  of  Boston,  Mass. 

Lake  Cry8'tal,an  incorporated  post-village  of  Blue 

Earth   co.,  Minn.,  in  Garden  City  township,  12  miles  by 

rail   W.S.W.  of  Mankato.     It   has  9  churches,  a  bank,  a 

.  high  school,  a  creamery,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manu- 

;  factures  of  wagons,  harness,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  824. 

Lakedaimon,  the  Greek  name  of  Laced^uox. 

Lake  Dam'beling,  a  salt-water  lake  of  Western  Aus- 
tralia, about  175  miles  S.E.  of  Perth.  It  is  15  miles  long 
by  7  miles  broad,  shallow,  with  many  low  islands. 

Lake  Drum'mond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Norfolk  co.,  Va., 
on  a  canal  in  the  Dismal  Swamp,  12  miles  S.  of  Portsmouth. 
It  has  2  churches.  Cedar  lumber  is  manufactured  here. 
Bee  Drummoxd  Lake. 

Lakee,  a  town  of  India.     See  Lakki. 

Lake  Eliz'abeth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kandiyohi  oo., 
Minn.,  on  a  small  lake,  6  miles  from  Atwater  Railroad  Sta- 
tion, and  about  96  miles  W.  of  St.  Paul.      It  has  a  church. 

Lake  Elmo,  Minnesota.     See  Lohmansville. 

Lake  Etchemin,  esh'^-min,  or  Saint  Germain, 
Bent  jer^main',  a  post^village  in  Dorchester  co.,  Quebec,  on 
Lake  Etchemin,  36  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Henri  de  Lauzon.  It 
contains  4  saw-mills,  and  a  grist-mill,  and  has  a  large  lum- 
ber-trade.    Pop.  250. 

Lake  Eo'nice,  township,  Becker  oo.,  Minn.    Pop.  130. 

Lake'field,  or  North  Dooro,  doo'ro,  a  post-village 
in  Peterborough  co.,  Ontario,  at  the  head  of  the  Otonabee 
River,  and  on  the  Midland  Railway,  40  miles  N.  of  Port 
Hope.  It  possesses  extensive  water-power  privileges,  and 
contains  a  woollen-factory,  several  saw-  and  grist-mills,  3 
churches,  8  or  9  stores,  and  2  hotels.     Pop.  300. 

Lake  Five,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waukesha  co.,  AVis.,  on  a 
•mall  lake  in  Richfield  township,  22  miles  W.  of  Milwaukee. 
■It  has  a  church. 


Lake  For'est,  a  post-village  of  Lake  co.,  III.,  on  Lakt 
Michigan,  and  on  the  Chicago  A,  Northwestern  Railroail,  28 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Chicago.  Its  site  is  diversified  liv  yw.. 
turesque  ravines  and  bluffs.  It  contains  tho  Lake  I'lirciit 
University,  a  boys'  academy,  a  female  seminary,  3  churchua 
and  many  clogiiut  residences  and  villas.     Pop.  ( I  SOD)  \2ui. 

Lake  Fork,  Ohio,  drains  the  W.  part  of  Wayne  co.^ 
runs  southward  in  Ashland  oo.,  and  enters  the  MotiioM 
River  in  the  W.  part  of  Holmes  co. 

Lake  Fork,  of  the  Sabine,  runs  southeastward  through 
Wood  CO.,  Tex.,  and  enters  tho  Subine  River  after  a  ooun« 
of  about  60  miles. 

Lake  Fork,  a  township  of  Logan  co.,  III.     Pop.  398. 

Lake  Fork,  Ashland  co.,  0.     See  TrLEitTow.v. 

Lake  Forlt,  a  ])08t-offico  of  Wood  co.,  Tex,,  on  th« 
Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad,  36  inilcH  W.  of  Longview. 

Lake  Fre^raont',  a  township  of  Martin  co,,  Mian. 
Pop.  99. 

Lake  Fremont,  a  post-office  and  lake  of  Sherbum* 
CO.,  Minn.,  8  miles  S.  of  Princeton. 

Lake  Fremont,  Minnesota.    See  Ddnhell. 

Lake  Gauss,  a  lake  of  ^Minnesota,  in  Cass  oo.,  10  mild 
S.E.  of  Leech  Lako.     It  is  about  9  miles  long. 

Lake  Geneva,  Wisconsin.    See  Qeseva. 

Lake  George,  sometimes  called  Ilor'icon,  a  long  and 
beautiful  lake  of  New  York,  forms  part  of  the  boundaiy 
between  Warren  and  Washington  cos.  The  head  of  tUl 
lake  is  at  Caldwell,  from  which  it  extends  N.E.  36  milsi^ 
and  touches  the  S.E.  part  of  Essex  co.     See  Calitwell. 

Lake  George,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  Fla.,  op 
St.  John's  River,  100  miles  S.  of  Jacksonville.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  large  hotel,  and  many  orange-groves. 

Lake  Grif 'ftn,  a  post-office  of  Sumter  co.,  Fla. 

Lake  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Sufifulk  co.,  N.Y.,  ii 
Brookhaven  township,  3  miles  from  Lakeland  Railroad  Sta* 
tion,  and  48  miles  E.  of  Brooklyn.     It  has  4  churches. 

Lake  Uan'ska,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Minn 
Pop.  229. 

Lake  Har'bor,  a  post-hamlct  of  Muskegon  co.,  Mich., 
on  Lako  Michigan,  6  miles  S.  of  Muskegon.  Here  are  2 
saw-mills. 

Lake  Har'old,  a  post-office  of  Meeker  co.,  Minn.,  on 
a  small  lake,  24  miles  E.  of  Willmar. 

Lake  Haw'don,  South  Australia,  is  near  the  S.  coast, 
170  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Adelaide. 

Lake  Hen'ry,  a  township  of  Stearns  co.,  Minn. 
Pop.  243. 

Lake  Hielmar,  Sweden.    See  Hjeluar. 

Lake  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  about  1( 
miles  N.W.  of  Rondout.     It  has  2  churches. 

Lake  Huron  Crossing,  Indiana.     See  Haskell. 

Lake  Irma,  ^r'ma,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  Fla. 

Lake  Iseo,  ee-si'o  (anc.  Sevi'mi$  La'cu*),  in  Italy, 
between  Brescia  and  Bergamo,  is  15  miles  E.  of  Bergamo, 
and  is  traversed  by  the  Oglio,  a  river  tributary  to  the  Po. 
Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  15  miles;  average  breadth,  2i 
miles;  greatest  depth,  984  feet. 

Lake  Jes'sup,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  Fla. 

Lake  Johan'na,  a  post-township  of  Pope  co.,  Minn., 
on  a  small  lake  of  the  same  name,  about  22  miles  E.N.B. 
of  Benson.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  283. 

Lake  Kakebonga,  k&-ko-bong'ga,  a  large  lake  of 
Canada,  near  the  head-waters  of  tho  Ottawa  Iliver,  about 
lat.  47°  15'  N.,  Ion.  76°  30'  W. 

Lake  Kampeska,  Dakota.    See  Kampeska. 

Lake  KatHakit'tekon  (Fr.  Lac  Vieux  Desert,  I4k 
ve^trh'  d&.^zaiR'),  a  lake  at  the  head  of  Wisconsin  River,  on 
the  border  between  the  states  of  Wisconsin  and  Michigan. 
Length,  about  7  miles ;  breadth,  4  or  5  miles. 

Lake  Kempt,  a  large  lake  of  Quebec,  between  the 
head-waters  of  the  Riviere  du  Li^vre  and  the  Muttawa 
River  and  Lake.     It  is  studded  with  numerous  islands. 

Lakeland,  lak'land,  an  incorporated  post-town  of  Polk 
CO.,  Fla.,  83  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Sanford.  It  has  5 
churches,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
lumber-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  552. 

Lakeland,  a  post- village  of  Puinte  Coup6e  parish,  La. 
It  has  a  church  and  several  sugar-mills  and  cotton-gins. 

Lakeland,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Minn.,  on 
the  W.  bank  of  the  St.  Croix  River  (here  expanded  into  a 
lake),  about  16  miles  E.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  2  steam  saw- 
mills, a  high  school,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  523. 

Lakeland,  a  village  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  48  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Long  Island  City.  Here  are  manufactories  of 
cigars,  buttons,  Ac.     Not  far  off  is  Lake  Ronkonkoma. 

Lake  Land'ing,  a  post-office  of  Hyde  co.,  N.C,  on 
Mattamuskeet  Lake.     P.  of  Lake  Landing  township,  223$. 


LAK. 


1595 


LAK 


Lake  Leman,  Europe.    See  Lake  op  Qexeva. 

Lakelet,  lak'l§t,  a  post-village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  5 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Clifford.  It  contains  a  saw-mill  and  a 
\jtB«llen-faotory.     Pop.  100.  _ 

Lake  Lillian,  lil'le-an,  a  post-township  of  Kandiyohi 
CO.,  Minn.,  on  a  lake  of  the  same  name.     Pop.  217. 

Lake  Lin'den,  a  post-village  of  Houghton  co.,  Mich., 
in  Schoolcraft  township,  on  Torch  Lake,  at  the  terminus  of 
the  Hancock  <fc  Calumet  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Calumet. 
It  has  7  churches,  a  bank,  an  academy,  a  high  school,  a 
newspaper  oflSce,  and  lumber-  and  oopper-stamping-mills. 
Pop.  about  2600. 

Lake  Maggiore,  Italy.    See  Lago  Maoqiokb. 

Lake  Mahopac  Station,  New  York.    See  Mahopac. 

Lake  Mait'land,  a  post- village  of  Orange  co.,  Fla.,  on 
«  small  lake,  about  6  miles  from  Orlando.  It  has  a  church, 
2  stores,  and  several  orange-groves.  It  is  in  a  level,  sandy 
country,  in  which  the  pine  abounds. 

Lake  Maracaybo,  m3,-ri-ki'bo,  in  the  state  of  Zulia, 
Venezuela,  communicates  with  the  sea  by  a  short  channel. 
It  is  deep,  but  large  vessels  cannot  enter,  on  account  of  the 
bar  at  its  outlet.  Its  waters  are  generally  fresh,  but  are 
somewhat  brackish  at  times,  especially  near  the  outlet.  It 
is  navigated  by  small  craft,  and  receives  the  Catatumba, 
Motatan,  Bravo,  Chama,  Zulia,  and  other  rivers,  some  of 
ihem  navigable.     Length,  137  miles;  breadth,  75  miles. 

Lake  Mareotis,  Egypt.    See  Mareotis. 

Lake  Mari'a,  a  post-office  of  Green  Lake  co.,  Wis., 
»bout  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Fond  du  Lac, 

Lake  Mar'shall,  a  township  of  Lyon  co.,  Minn.  Pop. 
897.     It  contains  Marshall,  the  county  seat. 

Lake  Mary,  a  township  of  Douglas  co.,  Minn.  Pop. 
i  225,  It  contains  Lake  Mary,  Lake  Andrews,  Long  Lake, 
and  others. 

Lakemba,  an  island  of  the  Pacific.     See  Laouemba. 

Lake  Megan'tic,  a  post-village  in  Compton  co.,  Que- 
bec, on  the  St.  Francis  <fc  Lake  Megantio  llailway,  65  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Lenno.xville.     Pop.  100.    See  Megantic. 

Lake  Memphremagog,  mdm^fre-m^'gog,  situated 
partly  in  Vermont  and  partly  in  Canada,  is  about  30  miles 
in  length,  and  varies  from  1  to  4  miles  in  breadth.  About  8 
miles  only  of  ita  S.  extremity  lie  in  Orleans  co.,  Vt. ;  the 
rest  is  in  Canada.  It  discharges  its  waters  by  Magog 
Outlet  into  the  St.  Francis  River,  in  Canada.  It  is  much 
visited  by  tourists. 

Lake  Methye,  mSth-i',  a  small  lake  of  British  North 
America,  180  miles  S.  of  Lake  Athabasca,  and  having  at 
its  S.  extremity  Fort  Methye.  Another  Lake  Methye  is 
350  miles  S.W. 

Lake  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Winnebago  oo.,  Iowa,  18 
miles  W.  of  Northwood,  and  about  28  miles  N.W.  of  Mason 
iCity.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  grist-mill,  and  5  stores. 
|Pop.  in  1880,  414;  in  1890,  604. 

I  Lake  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Collin  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
past  Fork  of  Trinity  River,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Dallas.  It 
[has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

j  Lake  Mills,  a  post- village  of  Jefferson  oo.,  Wis.,  in 
[Lake  Mills  township,  and  on  Rock  Lake,  25  miles  E.  of 
iMadison,  and  8  miles  N.W.  of  Jefferson.  It  has  water- 
ipower,  a  graded  school,  several  churches,  and  manufactures 
of  cheese,  carriages,  cigars,  farming-implements,  <fcc.  Pop. 
in  1880,  671 ;  in  1890,  1053  ;  of  the  township,  2107.  Rock 
Lake  is  4  miles  long,  and  attracts  many  visitors. 

Lake  Mttritz,  mii'rits  (Ger.  Milritzsee,  mii'rits-si^),  a 
(lake  of  North  Germany,  in  Mecklenburg-Schwerin,  imme- 
iiiately  S.  of  Waren.  Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  19  miles.  It 
jommunicates  on  the  N.  with  Lake  Flesen. 

Lakenan,  lak'nan,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Mo., 
)R  the  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  Railroad,  and  on  Salt  River, 
12  miles  W.  of  Hannibal.     It  has  a  pottery  for  stoneware. 

Lake  Nemicachinque,  nem'e-ka-chin'kwee,  in  Mas- 
dnonge  co.,  Quebec,  between  Lakes  Ciilotte  and  Goldfinch, 
;orms  part  of  the  chain  of  lakes  at  the  N.E.  source  of  the 
iiviSro  du  Lievre.     It  is  long,  extending  from  N.  to  S, 

Lake  Ngami,  Africa.    See  Nqami. 

Lake  Nicaragua  (Sp.  Lngo  de  Nicaragua,  li'go  d4 
ie-k4-r4'gwi),  an  extensive  sheet  of  water  in  the  republic 
ff  Nicaragua,  Central  America,  90  miles  long  from  N.W. 
pS.E.;  greatest  breadth,  40  miles  ;  mean  breadth,  30  miles, 
t  lies  128  feet  above  the  Pacific  Ocean,  from  which  it  is  sep- 
■rated  by  a  line  of  active  volcanoes.  The  river  San  Juan 
lows  from  its  S.E.  extremity  into  the  Caribbean  Sea,  and 
j.t  its  N.W.  extremity  it  is  connected  with  the  smLiller  lake 
>f  Managua,  or  Leon,  by  the  river  Tipitapa.  About  100 
■ards  from  the  beach  there  is  generally  a  depth  of  about  2 
iithoms;  in  other  parts,  all  the  intermediate  soundings  be- 
ween  5  and  15  fathoms  are  found.  Waterfowl  and  excellent 


fish  are  abundant ;  alligators  also,  of  great  size,  are  numeroa8« 
It  contains  some  islands,  and  several  groups  of  islets,  all  of 
volcanic  origin.  Of  the  former,  Zapatera,  Ometepe,  and 
Madera  are  the  largest,  being  several  miles  in  circuit.  Za- 
patera is  mountainous,  rising  nearly  to  2000  feet  in  height, 
and  is  uninhabited ;  but  Ometepe  is  occupied  by  an  indus- 
trious race  of  Indians,  who  raise  maize,  Ac,  and  possess 
some  cattle.  Madera  is  joined  to  Ometepe  by  a  low  nock 
of  land,  which  is  frequently  overflowed  ;  in  form  it  is  a 
huge  mound  more  than  4000  feet  high,  covered  with 
cedar-wood.  The  islets  are  generally  conical  in  shape,  and 
seldom  exceed  3  or  4  acres  in  area;  they  are  covered  with 
verdure,  and  on  many  of  them  are  cultivated  patches  of 
ground ;  and  on  such,  generally  crowning  their  summits, 
relieved  by  a  dense  green  background  of  plantations,  and 
surrounded  by  palms  and  the  papaya  with  its  great  golden 
fruit,  are  the  picturesque  cane  huts  of  the  inhabitants.  On 
one  of  the  smaller  islands,  Pensacola,  numerous  relics  of 
antiquity  have  been  recently  found,  consisting  of  huge, 
elaborately-sculptured  stones,  msissive  idols,  and  figures  of 
monstrous  animals.  The  material  is  in  every  case  black 
basalt,  and  the  cutting  exhibits  great  freedom  and  skill,  in 
workmanship  and  style  differing  materially  from  those  of 
Yucatan.  It  has  long  been  contemplated  to  establish  through 
Lake  Nicaragua  a  navigable  communication,  by  means  of  a 
ship-canal,  between  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Oceans, 

Lake  Nip'issing^  or  Nep'issing^  Ontario,  is  situ- 
ated N.E.  of  Lake  Huron,  nearly  midway  between  it  and  the 
Ottawa  River.  The  shape  is  irregular ;  the  shores  are  bold. 
Length,  50  miles  ;  greatest  breadth,  35  miles.  It  contains 
many  islands,  and  discharges  itself  into  Georgian  Bay 
(Lake  Huron)  by  French  River,  the  navigation  of  which  is, 
however,  impeded  by  numerous  rapids;  but  eastward  it  is 
separated  by  only  a  short  portage  from  Turtle  Lake  and 
Little  River,  a  tributary  of  the  navigable  Ottawa. 

Lake  Nyassa,  Africa.    See  Nyassa. 

Lake  of  Annecy,  inn^see',  in  Savoy,  France,  22  miles 
S.  of  Geneva,  is  9  miles  in  length  from  N.AV.  to  S.E.,  from 
1  to  2  miles  in  breadth,  and  1426  feet  above  the  sea.  At 
its  N.W.  extremity  it  discharges  its  surplus  waters  into  the 
Fieran,  an  affluent  of  the  Rhone. 

Lake  of  Averno,  Italy.    See  Averno. 

Lake  of  Bienne,  Switzerland.    See  Biennb  Lakb. 

Lake  of  Castiglione,  Italy.    See  Castiglione. 

Lake  of  Chiusi,  Italy.    See  Ciuusi,  Lake  of. 

Lake  of  Cojutepeque.    See  Cojutepeque. 

Lake  of  Con'stance  (anc.  Briganti'nus  La'au;  Ger. 
Boden-See,  bo'd§n-sd.^ ;  Fr.  Lac  de  Constance,  lik  d§h  kiuoV 
st5Nss'),  a  lake  of  Central  Europe,  forming  a  common  cen- 
tre in  which  Switzerland  and  the  territories  of  Baden, 
Wiirtemberg,  Bavaria,  and  Austria  meet.  It  lies  between 
lat.  47°  28'  and  47°  50'  N.  and  Ion.  9°  and  9°  42'  E.  ; 
length,  from  N.W.  to  S.E.,  40  miles;  greatest  breadth, 
about  9  miles ;  area,  200  square  miles ;  greatest  depth, 
which  is  between  Friedrichshafen  and  Rorschach,  964  feet; 
1283  feet  above  sea-level.  At  its  N.W.  extremity  the  lake 
is  divided  into  two  branches  or  arms,  each  about  14  miles 
in  length :  the  N.  arm  is  called  the  Ueberlingen  Lake, 
after  the  town  of  Ueberlingen,  on  its  N.  bank ;  the  S. 
branch  the  Unter-See,  in  which  is  situated  the  fertile  island 
of  Reichenau,  belonging  to  Baden,  about  3  miles  long  and 
li  broad.  The  Rhine  enters  the  lake  at  Rheineck,  at  its 
S.E.  extremity,  and  leaves  it  at  Stein,  at  its  N.W.  termina- 
tion. Various  other  smaller  rivers  empty  themselves  into 
it.  The  lake,  the  waters  of  which  are  of  a  dark-green  hue 
and  very  clear,  is  subject  to  sudden  risings,  the  causes  of 
which  are  unknown.  It  freezes  in  severe  winters  only.. 
Steamers  ply  on  the  lake  between  Constance  and  various 
points  on  its  shores.  The  banks  are  either  flat  or  gently 
undulating,  and  are  not  remarkable  for  picturesque  beauty ; 
but  they  are  extremely  fertile,  and  are  covered  with  corn- 
fields, orchards,  and  gardens,  interspersed  with  ruined 
eastles  and  with  numerous  towns  and  villages,  producing  a 
very  pleasing  and  striking  effect. 

Lake  of  Damascus,  Syria.    See  Bahr-el-Mebj. 

Lake  of  Damm,  Germany.     See  Dammsche-Ser. 

Lake  of  Geneva,  or  Lake  Lehman  (Ger.  Ge»/er- 
See,  gh5n'f?r-sd.^ ;  Fr.  Lac  de  Genive,  lik  d§h  zh§h-naiv' ; 
anc.  Lema'nut  La'cus),  a  lake  of  Europe,  between  Switzer- 
land and  France.  It  is  orescent-shaped.  Length.  45  miles  ; 
breadth,  from  1  to  9 J  miles;  area,  82  square  miles;  height 
above  the  sea,  1230  feet;  greatest  depth,  near  its  E.  ex- 
tremity, 984  feet.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Rhone  from  E. 
to  W.,  and  receives  the  Dranse,  Venoge,  and  other  small 
rivers.  Its  waters  have  a  peculiar  deep-blue  color,  are 
very  transparent,  and  contain  a  great  variety  of  fish.  It  is 
never  wholly  frozen  over,  and  it  is  subject  to  teiche;  or 


LAK 


1596 


LAK 


nmarkable  riainga  of  from  1  to  4  or  5  feet,  which  last  only 
ftbout  25  minutes. 

Lake  ofCiennesarcth.    See  Lake  op  TABAiiEErEU. 

Lake  of  Guukcka.    See  GaKTSCHB-DKNouis. 

Lake  of  Isneck,  Iznik,  or  Isnik,  iz'noeli'  (ano. 
Atea'uiu*  Laeiu),  a  beautiful  luke  of  Asia  Minor,  17  miles 
£.  of  the  Oiilf  of  Moodania,  into  which  it  disohargcs  itself 
by  a  small  riror.     Length,  U  miles;  breadth,  4  miles. 

Lake  of  Lesina*  U-8eo'n&  (anc.  Pantanua),  called  also 
Salso,  s&l'so,  or  Saipe,  8&l'p4,  in  Italy,  forms  a  kind  of 
lagoun  along  tho  Adriatio,  into  which  it  discharges  itself. 
Length,  from  E.  to  W.,  13  miles;  breiulth,  3  miles. 

Lake  of  Locarno.    See  Laoo  MAoaioiiB. 

Lake  of  Lucerueflu-s^ra'  (Qer.  WaldatUdter-See,  or 
VierwaldtlUdter-See,  feer-*ilt'»tAt-t?r-8i^,  or  the  "  Lake  of 
the  Four  Forest  Cantons"),  a  lake  of  Switzerland,  near  its 
centre,  enclosed  by  the  cantons  of  Schwytz,  Uri,  Unter- 
walden,  and  Lucerne.  Length,  24  miles ;  breadth,  from  i 
a  mile  to  2  miles;  height  of  surface  above  tho  sea,  1380 
feet ;  the  depth  varies  from  300,  near  Lucerne,  to  QUO  feet 
near  its  £.  extremity.  Shape,  cruciform,  with  a  prolonga- 
tion eastward,  called  the  Lake  of  Uri,  where  its  banks  rise 
into  rugged  sublimity;  its  scenery  is  everywhere  picturesque. 
The  Reu:i8  enters  it  at  its  S.E.  and  leaves  it  at  its  N.W.  cud. 
The  city  of  Lucerne  and  towns  of  Kiissnacht,  Brunnen,  and 
Fliiolen  are  on  this  lake,  on  which  a  steamer  plies  from  end 
to  end  twice  a  day  in  summer. 

Lake  of  Miletopolis,  Asia  Minor.    See  Mameetas. 

Lake  of  Morat,  moVit'  (Ger.  Murtener-See,  or  Murt- 
mer-See,  moout'n^r-pi^),  a  small  lake  of  Switzerland,  cantons 
of  Froyburg  and  Vaud,  2  miles  S.E.  of  the  Lake  of  Nouf- 
ohiltel,  and  connected  with  it  by  the  river  Broye,  which 
traverses  the  Lake  of  Morat.  Length,  7  miles ;  breadth,  2 
miles.  Banks  low,  fertile,  and  agreeable.  On  its  £.  and  S. 
sides  are  the  towns  of  Morat  and  Avenches. 

Lake  of  Neufchatcl,  nush^i'tfil',  one  of  the  larger 
lakes  of  Switzerland,  in  the  W.  part,  18  miles  N.  of  the  Lake 
of  Geneva,  enclosed  by  the  cantons  of  Neufch^tel,  Vaud, 
Freyburg,  and  Bern.  Length,  24  miles ;  average  breadth, 
4  miles.  Estimated  area,  90  square  miles;  height  above 
the  sea,  1424  feet;  depth,  426  feet.  It  receives  several 
rivers;  the  Broye  brings  to  it  the  surplus  waters  of  Lake 
Morat,  and  it  discharges  its  own  northward  by  the  Thiele 
through  the  Lake  of  Bienne  into  the  Aar.  Its  scenery  is 
lobs  sublime  than  that  of  the  other  Swiss  lakes,  but  its  banks 
are  pleasant,  and  on  them  are  the  towns  of  Neufch&.tel  and 
Yvordun,  between  which  a  steamer  plies  daily. 

Lake  of  Neasiedl,  noi'secd'l  (Han.  Fert'd  Tava,  ffia'- 
tb^  t5h'v6h*),  a  lake  of  Hungary,  near  its  western  frontier, 
between  the  counties  of  Oedenburg  and  Wieselburg,  19  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Preaburg.  Length,  23  miles;  average  breadth,  7 
miles ;  depth,  from  9  to  13  feet.  It  receives  the  Vulka 
River,  and  the  town  of  Kusth  is  on  its  W.  side,  where  its 
banks  are  well  wooded;  on  the  E.  the  country  is  low  and 
marshy,  and  here  its  waters,  during  its  sudden  and  irregular 
inundations,  are  carried  to  the  Rabnitz  by  a  canal  cut  by  a 
prince  of  the  Esterhazy  family,  who  resides  in  its  vicinity. 

Lake  of  Ochrida  or  Okhrida^  oK're-d&  (ano.  Lych- 
ni'tis  Lncut),  the  principal  lake  of  Albania,  European  Tur- 
key, in  lat.  41"  N.,  Ion.  20°  45'  E.  Length,  from  N.  to  S., 
18  miles ;  extreme  breadth,  8  miles.  It  is  surrounded  by 
lofty  mountains,  and  is  highly  picturesque. 

Lake  of  Ooroomeeyuli;  oo-roo-mee'ya,  or  Uru- 
mia,  or  Shahee,  sh4'hce\  a  shallow  lake  of  Persia,  30 
miles  S.W.  of  Tabreez,  is  85  miles  long  and  30  miles  broad. 
It  receives  several  rivers,  contains  numerous  small  islands, 
and  has  waters  so  salt  as  to  be  able  to  support  but  few  kinds 
of  animal  life.     Its  elevation  is  4200  feet. 

Lake  of  Or'ta  (amc.  La'eu8  Cu'siuaf),  of  Italy,  is  7 
miles  W.  of  Lago  Maggiore,  into  which  it  discharges  its 
surplus  waters.  Length,  8  miles;  breadth,  1^  miles.  It  is 
highly  picturesque. 

Lake  of  Perugia,  p4-roo'j4,  or  Lake  Thras'- 
ymene  (It.  Lago  di  Perugia,  li'go  dee  pi-roo'ji,  and 
Traaimeno,  tri-se-mi'no ;  anc.  Thrasi/me'nna  or  Trasime'- 
fiH«  La'cua  ;  Fr.  Lac  de  Pirouse,  I4k  d^h  pA'rooz'),  a  lake 
of  Italy,  10  miles  W.  of  Perugia,  is  situated  in  a  basin  en- 
closed on  every  side  by  the  Apennines.  It  is  a  fine  sheet 
of  water,  about  30  miles  in  circumference,  surrounded  by 
gentle  eminences  covered  with  oak,  pine,  and  olive  plan- 
tations, and  it  contains  three  islands.  Near  this  lake  Han- 
nibal defeated  the  Romans  under  Flaminius,  217  B.C. 

Lake  of  Ploen,  plon,  Germany,  the  largest  in  Hol- 
Itein,  is  about  7  miles  in  length  and  4  miles  in  breadth. 
The  Little  Ploen  Lake  is  tho  N.  portion,  separated  by  the 
narrow  isthmus  on  which  Ploen  is  situated. 

Lake  of  Poschiavo,  po8-ke-&'vo,  Switzerland,  im- 


mediately S.E.  of  tho  town  of  Poschiavo,  is  3  miles  long 
and  li  miluH  broad. 

Lake  of  Sariien,  sau'nfn,  in  Switzerland,  S.  of  Sar- 
nen,  3  miles  in  length  by  1  mile  in  breadth,  and  travorMd 
by  the  Aa  from  the  Lake  of  Lungurn. 

Lake  of  Schwerin,  shwd-rucn',  in  Mcoklenburc- 
Schwerin,  Germany,  is  14  miles  in  length  by  3  mile*  in 
average  breadth.  It  roeeives  the  Elde  on  tho  S.,  and  from 
its  N.  extremity  flows  the  Stor,  which  enters  the  Baltic  at 
Wismar.    On  its  W.  shore  is  the  town  of  Schwerin. 

Lake  of  Socorro,  so-kor'ro,  a  lake  of  South  Amoriot, 
in  the  United  States  of  Colombia,  at  the  head  of  the  brook 
of  Reventado,  which  supplies  water  to  the  city  of  Cartage. 

Lake  (or  Sea)  of  Tabareeyeh,t&b-%-reo'ya,  written 
also  Tabariyeh  or  Taburia,  td,b-a-rec'ya,  nnd  Gen« 
nesareth,  jen-nes'a-roth,  or  Genesarct,  jcn-es'^-rat 
(called  in  Scripture  the  Hea  of  Oalilee,  or<S'ea  of  'J'ibenai),% 
famous  lake  of  Palestine,  forming  part  of  its  E.  boundary, 
between  lat.  32°  45'  and  32°  56'  N.,  and  in  Ion.  35°  35'  B. 
Shape,  somewhat  oval.  Length,  14  miles ;  greatest  breadth, 
8  miles;  depression  below  the  Mediterranean,  755  feet.  It 
is  traversed  throughout  from  N.  to  S.  by  the  river  Jordan. 
Shores  steep,  but  not  precipitous.  This  lake  has  neitbw 
the  imposing  scenery  which  characterizes  the  Dead  Sea, 
nor  any  remarkable  picturesque  beauty,  but  its  surface  and 
environs  derive  considerable  interest  from  being  the  scenes 
of  numerous  miracles  recorded  in  the  life  of  the  Founder 
of  Christianity;  and  around  it  were  anciently  the  cities 
of  Tiberias,  Magdala,  Capernaum,  Chorazin,  and  Bethsaida, 
all  of  which,  except  Tiberias,  have  wholly  disappeared.  lU 
vicinity  presents  numerous  traces  of  volcanic  action  ;  and  its 
waters  are  liable  to  be  affected  by  sudden  tempests,  one  of 
which  is  recorded  in  Holy  Writ. 

Lake  of  Tamiagua,  t&-me-il'gw&,  Mexico,  state  of 
Vera  Cruz,  60  miles  in  length,  and  25  miles  in  greatest 
breadth,  is  separated  at  its  N.  extremity  by  a  narrow  isth- 
mus from  the  Lake  of  Tampico. 

Lake  of  Tampico,  tam-pee'ko,  a  shallow  lagoon  of 
Mexico,  at  the  N.  extremity  of  tho  state  of  Vera  Cruz,  20 
miles  in  length  by  10  miles  across.  It  communicates  north- 
ward with  the  united  mouths  of  the  Tula  and  Tampico 
Rivers,  and  eastward  with  the  Lake  of  Tamiagua.  Largs 
quantities  of  prawns,  caught  in  it,  are  salted  for  export. 

Lake  of  Termiuos.    See  Laguna  dk  Tkrhinos. 

Lake  of  tlie  Horn,  Egypt.    See  Birket-el-Karm. 

Lake  of  the  Thousand  Islands,  or  Lac  des 
Mille  Isles,  l&k  dd  mill  eel,  an  expansion  in  the  upper 
part  of  St.  Lawrence  River,  near  Lake  Ontario,  containing 
the  group  called  Thousand  Islands  (which  see). 

Lak6  of  the  Woods  (Fr.  Lac  dea  Boia,  l&k  d&  bwi), 
a  large  lake  of  North  America,  near  lat.  49°  N.  It  is  partly 
in  Minnesota  and  partly  in  Keewatin,  Canada.  It  has  aa 
irregular  form,  nearly  100  miles  long,  and  250  miles  or  more 
in  circuit.  It  is  supplied  by  Rainy  Lake  River,  and  the 
surplus  water  is  discharged  by  the  Winnipeg  River,  which 
issues  from  the  N.  end  of  the  lake.  It  encloses  nuuieroui 
wooded  islands.      Elevation,  977  feet. 

Lake  of  Thun,toon  (Ger.  rAHjier-iSee,  toon'^r-sA*),  lit 
Switzerland,  10  miles  in  length ;  average  breadth,  2  mild. 
Height  above  the  sea,  1896  feet.  It  is  traversed  by  th« 
river  Aar  from  Brienzer-See,  and  at  its  W.  end  it  receivei 
the  Simmen.  The  shores  near  Thun  are  covered  withvillu 
and  gardens ;  farther  E.  they  are  precipitous  and  strikingly 
picturesque.  Two  steamboats  ply  on  it  daily.  On  its  S.W. 
side  are  the  mountains  of  Stockhorn  and  Niesen. 

Lake  of  Two  Mountains,  a  beautiful  lake  of  Que- 
bec, being  an  expansion  of  the  river  Ottawa  near  its  mouth. 
It  is  of  very  irregular  form,  about  24  miles  long,  and  vary- 
ing from  1  to  6  miles  in  breadth. 

Lake  of  Two  Mountains,  Quebec.    See  Oka. 

Lake  of  Uri,  yu'ree,  of  Switzerland,  is  the  S.E.  ex- 
tremity of  the  Lake  of  Lucerne.  Its  shores  are  precipitous 
and  pathless;  it  receives  the  river  Reuss.  See  Lake  or 
Lucerne. 

Lake  of  Valencia,  v4-lfin'she-4,  or  Tacarigua,t/l 
kl-ree'gwi,  Venezuela,  is  near  the  Caribbean  Sea,  2  mil' 
E.  of  Valencia.  Length,  22  miles:  average  breadth,  6  mile-- 
Mean  depth,  from  12  to  15  fathoms.  Shores  desert  on  the 
S.,  but  on  the  N.  well  cultivated.  It  contains  many  island^ 
and  receives  the  river  Aragua. 

Lake  of  Varese,  vi-r4's4,  Northern  Italy,  in  the  prov 
ince  of  Como,  4  miles  E.  of  Lago  Maggiore,  into  which  it 
pours  its  waters.    Length,  5  miles ;  greatest  breadth,  2  uiilw. 

Lake  of  Vico,  vee'ko,  a  lake  of  Central  Italy,  8  miles 
S.  of  Viterbo,  is  2i  miles  in  length,  and  discharges  its  sur- 
plus waters  into  the  Tiber.  It  is  surrounded  by  woods,  and 
is  apparently  the  crater  of  an  extinct  volcano. 


LAK 


1597 


LAE 


Lake  of  Zell,  tsfill,  between  the  Swiss  canton  of  Thur- 

rau  and  the  S.  part  of  the  grand  duchy  of  Baden,  is  12 

miles  in  length  and  4  miles  in  breadth.     It  is  traversed  by 

the  Rhine,  which  enters  it  from  the  Lake  of  Constance,  2 

miles  eastward.     Its  shores  are  undulating  and  fertile. 

Lake  of  Zag»  Switzerland.    See  Zugebsee. 

Lake  of  Zurich,  zu'rik  (Ger.  Ziiricher-See,  tsu'riK-?r- 

si*),  a  lake  of  Switzerland,  celebrated  for  its  picturesque 

beauty,  is  mostly  situated  within  the  canton  of  Zurich,  but 

is  enclosed  at  its  E.  end  by  the  cantons  of  Schwytz  and  St. 

jGall.     Length,  23  miles;  breadth,  from  i  mile  to  2i  miles; 

I  height  of  surface  above  the  sea,  1342  feet.     From  the  S.E.  it 

j receives  the  waters  of  Lake  Wallenstadt  through  the  Linth 

Canal.     It  is  divided  into  the  upper  lake,  extending  from 

'Schmerikau  to  Rapperschwyl,  and  the  lower  lake,  about  3 

I  times  the  extent  of  the  upper,  from  Rapperschwyl  to  Zurich. 

I  At  its  narrowest  point  it  is  crossed  by  a  wooden  bridge, 

(nearly  half  a  mile  long.     The  upper  lake  is  frozen  over 

I  almost  every  winter,  but  this  is  seldom  the  case  with  the 

lower  lake.     In  summer  its  water  is  som^imes  raised  by 

the  melting  of  the  snow  to  18  feet  above  its  ordinary  level. 

The  hike  is  traversed  by  steamboats. 

Lake  One,  a  station  on  the  Vicksburg,  Shreveport  & 
Texas  Railroad,  21  miles  W.  of  Delta,  La. 

Lake  One'ga,  a  lake  of  Russia,  the  next  in  size  to  that 

of  Ladoga,  from  which  it  is  distant  85  miles  N.E.,  in  the 

centre  of  the  government  of  Olonets,  mostly  between  lat. 

j  60°  52'  and  62°  53'  N.  and  Ion.  34°  15'  and  36°  12'  E. 

Length,  140  miles ;  breadth,  from  30  to  45  miles.     Area, 

estimated  at  3400  square  miles.     It  is  of  a  very  irregular 

shape,  particularly  towards  the  N.,  where  it  is  much  in- 

I;  dented  and  forms  numerous  creeks  and  bays.    Its  shores  are 

generally  rocky,  and  its  waters  beautifully  clear,  and  well 

supplied  with  fish.     Navigation  is  much  impeded  by  shoals 

1  and  sandbanks.    In  it  are  numerous  islands  near  its  N.  ex- 

j  tremity.     It  receives  10  streams,  the  principal  of  which  are 

t  the  Migra,  the  Shooya  (Shuia),  the  Vodla,  and  the  Vytegra. 

;  Its  only  outlet  is  the  Sveer,  by  which  it  discharges  its  waters 

I  into  Lake  Ladoga ;  but  the  Murinskoi  Canal,  by  connecting 

I  its  affluent  the  Vytegra  with  the  Kayla,  an  affluent  of  Bielo- 

I  Ozero,  has  brought  it  into  communication  with  the  basin  of 

f  the  Volga. 

I     Lake  Onig'amis,  in  Canada,  is  one  of  the  chain  of 
I  lakes  forming  the  head-waters  of  the  river  St.  Maurice. 
I     Lake  Oscawana,  os-ka-wah'na,  a  summer  resort  of 
I  Putnam  co.,  N.Y.,  6  miles  from  Garrison's  Station,  which  is 

ion  the  Hudson  River.     Here  is  a  lake  2  miles  long. 
Lake  Oskelanaio,  os-ke-li-ni'o,  a  lake  of  Quebec, 
near  the  head-waters  of  the  river  St.  Maurice.     It  is  27 
\  miles  long  from  N.E.  to  S.E.,  and  4  miles  wide. 

Lake  Panache,  p3,-nS,sh',  a  lake  of  very  irregular 
ii  shape  on  the  Whitefish  River,  Ontario,  lat.  46°  15'  N.,  Ion. 
I  81°  20'  AV.  It  contains  a  largo  number  of  islands.  Length, 
i  about  18  miles;  average  breadth,  2  miles, 
i  Lake  Papineau,  pi-pee-no',  a  large  lake  in  Ottawa 
j  CO.,  Quebec,  gives  rise  to  the  main  branch  of  the  North  Pe- 
■(  tite  Nation  River. 
I     Lake  Park,  a  small  post-village  of  Becker  co.,  Minn., 

on  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  33  miles  E.  of  Moorhead. 
I     Lake  Peipus  or  Peipous,  pi'e-pooce  (Russ.  Tchood- 
\  tkoe,  chood'sko-d,  or  Tchoudikoe-Ozero,  chood'sko-i-o-zi'- 
j  ro),  a  large  lake  of  Russia,  between  lat.  57°  52'  and  59°  N. 

and  Ion.  26°  55'  and  27°  55'  E.,  is  surrounded  by  the  gov- 
1  ernments  of  Esthonia,  Livonia,  St.  Petersburg,  and  Pskov. 
i  Length,  80  miles ;  greatest  breadth,  32  miles.  Shores 
i  marshy,  sandy,  or  covered  with  forests.  It  receives  the 
j  Embach,  Kosa,  and  other  rivers,  and  on  the  N.  discharges 
j  its  surplus  waters  into  the  Gulf  of  Finland  by  the  Narova. 
j  It  is  deep,  and  easy  of  navigation.  In  winter  its  fisheries 
''  supply  the  markets  of  St.  Petersburg.  Its  S.  extremity  is 
( termed  the  Lake  of  Pskov,  to  which  city  it  nearly  reaches. 
J     Lake  Pepin,  pip'in,  an  expansion  of  the  Mississippi 

River,  W.  of  Wisconsin.    Length,  nearly  25  miles ;  greatest 

breadth,  about  3  miles. 
I  Lake  Pleasant,  plez'ant,  a  township  of  Hamilton  co., 
I  N.Y.  Pop.  332.  It  contains  Sageville,  the  county  seat,  and 
I  is  in  the  Great  Northern  Wilderness.  Here  is  a  fine  lake 
j  of  the  same  name,  46  miles  N.  of  Gloversville.  Elevation, 
)  1615  feet;  length,  4  miles.  It  is  a  favorite  summer  resort. 
!i  Lake  Pleasant,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  Pa.,  15 
I  miles  S.E.  of  the  city  of  Erie.  It  has  3  lumber-mills,  and 
j  near  it  is  a  small  lake. 

I      Lake  Point,  a  post-office  of  Tooele  co.,  Utah,  on  Great 
S  Bait  Lake. 

I      Lakeport,  lak'port,  a  post-office  of  Chicot  co.,  Ark. 
Lakeport,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lake  co.,  Cal.,  on 

the  W.  shore  of  Clear  Lake,  about  100  miles  N.  by  W.  of 


San  Francisco.  It  has  4  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a' 
savings-bank,  and  1  other  bank,  and  is  surrounded  by  pic- 
turesque scenery,  which  attracts  many  tourists.  Pop.  in 
1880,  562;  in  1890,  991. 

Lakeport,  called  also  Old  Lake,  a  station  in  Orleans 
parish,  La.,  on  Lake  Pontehartrain,  is  the  N.  terminus  of  the 
Pontchartrain  Railroad,  which  extends  hence  to  New  Orleans. 
This  is  one  of  the  oldest  railroads  in  the  United  States. 

Lakeport,  a  post-village  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Burchville  township,  on  Lake  Huron,  about  12  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Port  Huron.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and 
manufactures  of  furniture,  wagons,  &o.  Whitefish  abound 
here.     Pop.  about  250. 

Lakeport,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Oneida  Lake,  about  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Syracuse.    Pop.  134. 

Lakeport,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yankton  co.,  S.D.,  8  miles 
W.  of  Yankton. 

Lake  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  township  of  Marion  co., 
Iowa.     Pop.,  exclusive  of  Pella,  2673. 

Lake  Prairie,  a  township  of  Nicollet  co.,  Minn. 
Pop.  1178. 

Lake  Prov'idence,  a  post-village,  capital  of  East 
Carroll  parish.  La.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Mississippi 
River,  near  a  beautiful  lake  of  its  own  name,  and  about  40 
miles  by  land  N.N.W.  of  Vicksburg.  It  has  4  churches 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  320. 

Lake  liiage,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  S 
miles  N.E.  of  Tecumseh.  It  contains  a  saw-mill  and  a 
broom  and  brush  factory.     Pop.  200. 

Lake  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Cayuga  Railroad,  12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ithaca,  and  li 
miles  E.  of  Cayuga  Lake. 

Lake  Road,  a  post-office  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  nearly 
1  mile  from  Lake  Ontario. 

Lake  Ro'land,  a  post-office  and  lake  of  Baltimore  co., 
Md.,  at  Lake  Station  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  8 
miles  N.  of  Baltimore.  This  lake  is  one  of  the  sources 
from  which  Baltimore  derives  a  supply  of  water,  and  is  a 
place  of  summer  resort. 

Lake  Rossignol,  ros'seen'yol',  the  largest  lake  in 
the  province  of  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Liverpool  River,  16 
miles  from  the  head  of  tide.  Into  it  flow  the  streams  from 
a  number  of  lakes.  The  coast-line  is  irregular,  indented 
with  a  number  of  bays.  The  lake  contains  a  large  number 
of  islands,  and  produces  trout  and  salmon. 

Lake  Run,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co.,  Pa. 

Lake  Safaddu,  Wales.    See  Bkeckinioc  Mere. 

Lake  Saint  Charles,  a  village  and  settlement  in  Que- 
bec CO.,  Quebec,  10  miles  N.  of  Quebec.  Pop.  500.  There 
is  a  remarkable  echo  at  the  lake,  which  tarries  some  few 
seconds  before  repeating  the  sound  uttered ;  and  this  in  its 
turn  is  re-echoed  from  another  quarter. 

Lake  Saint  Clair,  between  the  province  of  Ontario  and 
the  state  of  Michigan,  is  about  30  miles  in  length,  and  24 
miles  in  its  greatest  breadth,  having  a  mean  breadth  of  about 
12  miles.  Area,  360  square  miles.  Depth,  20  feet.  Height 
above  the  sea,  571  feet,  or  6  feet  higher  than  Lake  Erie. 
It  contains  many  islands,  receives  the  Thames,  Clinton, 
Great  Bear  Creek,  and  other  rivers,  and  communicates  on 
the  S.W.  by  Detroit  River  with  Lake  Erie.  On  the  N.  it 
is  entered  by  St.  Clair  River,  which  brings  to  it  the  surplus 
waters  of  the  great  lakes  Superior,  Michigan,  and  Huron. 
The  shoals  or  flats  in  its  N.  part  are  traversed  by  a  deep 
canal  bordered  with  dikes,  an  improvement  constructed  by 
the  United  States  government. 

Lake  Saint  Francis,  a  beautiful  lake  in  Beauce  co., 
Quebec,  40  miles  N.E.  of  Sherbrooke.  Length,  about  14 
miles;  breadth,  1  to  2  miles.  It  is  surrounded  in  every 
direction  by  lofty  wood-covered  mountains. 

Lake  Saint  John,  Concordia  parish.  La.,  is  3  miles 
W.  of  the  Mississippi  River,  and  18  miles  N.  of  Natchez, 
Miss.     It  is  nearly  14  miles  long,  and  1  mile  wide. 

Lake  Saint  John, apost-officeofConcordia  parish.  La. 

Lake  Saint  Louis,  a  lake  of  Quebec,  formed  by  the 
expansion  of  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Mon- 
treal. Length,  20  miles;  greatest  breadth,  7  miles.  The 
river  Ottawa  enters  it  by  two  channels  on  its  W.  side. 

Lake  Saint  Peter,  a  lake  of  Quebec,  being  an  ex- 
pansion of  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  between  lat.  46°  and  46" 
8'  N.  and  about  Ion.  73°  W.  Length,  35  miles :  greatest 
breadth,  10  miles.  It  receives  many  rivers,  the  largest  of 
which  is  the  St.  Francis,  from  the  S.E.  In  its  S.  part  are 
many  islands.     It  is  navigable  for  ocean  steamers. 

Lake  Sa'rah,  a  township  of  Murray  co.,  Minn.    P.  110. 

Lake  Shasawataisi,  shi's&'w&'ti^see',  a  lake  of  a 
long  and  irregular  shape  in  Champlain  co.,  Quebec,  collectd 
the  waters  of  the  Matawan  and  other  lakes,  and  discharge! 


LAK 


1.J98  LAK 


thorn  by  ft  oonnoatint;  ttream  into  the  St.  Maurice,  near  the 
niuutb  of  Ribbon  Kivor. 

Lake  Shor'brooke,  a  beautiful  lake  in  Lunenburg 
00.,  Nova  Bootia,  6  or  7  uiilc8  lung  and  1  to  2  milea  wide. 
It  fbmu  part  of  »  branch  of  the  Lu  Have  Kivor. 

liAke  Sheteky  the-tflk',  a  post-villa^o  of  Lyon  en., 
Minn.,  in  Monroe  township,  on  the  Winona  &  St.  Peter 
Railroad,  about  tf6  uiilos  W.  of  Mankato.  It  hits  2  churchus, 
S  warehousea  for  grain,  and  4  stores.  It  is  near  iterorul 
lakea.    The  name  of  its  post-oflicc  is  Shetek. 

littke  Shore^  a  post-oflioe  of  Antrim  oo.,  Mich. 

Lake  Shore  Junction,  a  station,  3  miles  N.  of  Mil- 
waukee, Wis.,  where  the  Chiongo  &  Northwestern  Railroad 
joins  the  Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore  &  Western  Railroad,  is 
on  the  Milwaukee  River,  opposite  Humboldt. 

Lake  Sib'leVf  a  hamlet  of  Cloud  oo.,  Kansas,  in  Lake 
Sibloy  township,  near  the  llcpublican  River,  about  70  miles 
K.W.  of  Junction  City. 

Lake  Side,  a  village  of  Cook  oo.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago 
A  Northwestern  Railroad,  |ind  on  Lake  Michigan,  18  miles 
N.  of  Chicago. 

Lakeside,  lak'std,  a  post-office  of  Emmctt  co.,  Iowa. 

Lake  Side,  a  post-village  of  ISurricn  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake 
Michigan,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  West  Michigan  Railroad, 
20  milea  W.  of  Niles.     The  station  is  called  Wilkinson. 

Lakeside,  a  township  of  Muskegon  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lakes 
Michigan  and  Muskegon.  It  contains  Bluffton  and  Port 
Sherman. 

Lakeside,  a  township  of  Cottonwood  co.,  Minn.  Pop. 
207.  It  contivins  37  small  lakes,  and  includes  the  village 
of  Bingham  Lake. 

Lakeside,  a  post-ofiice  of  Renville  co.,  Minn. 

Lake  Side,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  in  On- 
tario township,  on  Lake  Ontario,  about  20  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Rochester.  It  has  a  church  and  manufactures  of  car- 
riages and  barrels. 

Lakeside,  a  settlement  in  Digby  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on 
Digby  Neck,  17  miles  from  Digby.     Pop.  100. 

Lakeside,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  co.,  Ontario,  10 
miles  S.E.  of  St.  Marys.     Pop.  100. 

Lakes  of  Killar'ney,  three  connected  lakes  in  the 
S.W.  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kerry,  the  lowest  or  southernmost 
of  which  approaches  within  li  miles  W.  of  Killarney.  It 
is  16i  miles  in  length  by  2  miles  in  breadth.  On  the  W., 
S.,  and  S.E.  sides  of  these  lakes  rise  the  loftiest  mountains 
(still  haunted  by  red  deer),  the  wildest  ravines,  the  finest 
woods,  and  some  of  the  boldest  cascades  in  Ireland. 

Lake  Spring,  a  post-ofBce  of  Dent  co.,  Mo.,  about  14 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Rolla. 

Lake  Squouatonk,  skooV&'took,  or  Sqnat'teck, 
in  Temiscouata  co.,  Quebec,  is  one  of  the  sources  of  the 
river  Tuladi.     It  is  50  miles  in  superficial  extent. 

Lake  Station,  a  post-village  of  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Eobart  township,  on  the  Calumet  River,  and  on  the  Michigan 
Central  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Joliet  division,  35 
miles  S.E.  of  Chicago.     Pop.  about  200. 

Lake  Station,  Texas.    See  Lake. 

Lake  Station,  in  Box  Elder  co.,  Utah,  is  on  the  Cen- 
tral Pacific  Railroad,  45  miles  W.  of  Corinne. 

Lakesville,  laks'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dorchester  co., 
Md.,  22  miles  S.  of  Cambridge.     It  has  a  church. 

Lake  Tchad,  Central  Africa.    See  Chad. 

Lake  Thrasymenc,  Italy.    See  Lake  op  Pekuoia. 

Lake  Tok'ua,  a  post-ofiice  of  Big  Stone  co.,  Minn. 

Lnketon,  liik't9n,  a  post-village  of  Wabash  co.,  Ind., 
on  Eel  River,  and  on  the  Eel  River  Railroad,  33  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Logansport.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Laketon,  Berrien  co.,  Mich.    See  Bridgmak. 

Laketon,  a  township  of  Muskegon  co.,  Mich.,  bounded 
W.  by  Lake  Michigan,  and  S.  by  Lake  Muskegon.  Pop. 
1332.     It  is  the  seat  of  an  active  lumber-business. 

Lakctown,  lak'tiSwn,  a  township  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich., 
bounded  W.  by  Lake  Michigan.     Pop.  689. 

Laketown,  a  post-ofTice  of  Carver  co.,  Minn.,  in  Lake- 
town  township,  near  several  small  lakes,  about  32  miles 
W.S.W.  of  St.  Paul.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1070. 

Laketown,  a  post-office  of  Rich  co.,  Utah. 

Laketown,  a  township  of  Polk  co..  Wis.     Pop.  317. 

Lake  Trav'erse,  near  the  head-waters  of  the  St. 
Maurice,  in  Portneuf  co.,  Quebec,  is  about  18  miles  long. 
Its  banks  are  covered  with  spruce,  balsam  fir,  tamarack, 
and  white  birch.  The  St.  Maurice  enters  this  lake  li  miles 
below  the  N.E.  end,  196  miles  N.  of  Montreal. 

Lakevale,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Morristowx. 

Lake  Val'ley,  a  post-ofiice  of  El  Dorado  oo.,  Cal.,  on 
Lake  Tahoe.     Pop.  of  Lake  Valley  township,  246. 

Lake  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind. 


Lake  Van,  v&n  (ano.  Artit'taf  or  T/iu'mi*.'),  a  nit 
lake  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  intersected  by  the  parallel  38''  30' 
N.  lat.  and  the  43d  meridian  of  E.  Ion.  Greatest  length, 
nearly  70  miles  ;  grojitost  breadth,  about  50  miles.  Aim, 
about  2000  square  miles.  It  receives  the  waters  of  a  few 
small  streams,  but  has  no  outlet.  The  town  of  Van  iion 
its  E.  shore. 

Lake  View,  a  poit-office  of  Covington  oo.,  Ala. 

Lake  View,  a  post-office  and  steamboat-landing  of 
Volusia  CO.,  Fla.,  at  the  S.  end  of  Lake  George,  where  the 
St.  John's  River  enters  that  lake,  130  miles  S.  of  Jackson- 
ville.    Here  is  an  orange-grove.    The  lake  is  18  miles  long. 

Lake  View,  a  post-township  of  Cook  co.,  III.,  on  Like 
Michigan,  about  5  miles  N.  of  Chicago,  It  contains  munjr 
handsome  residences  and  gardens.     Pop.  1841, 

Lake  View,  Illinois.    See  Havelock. 

Lake  View,  a  post-office  of  Palo  Alto  co.,  Iowa. 

Lake'view,  a  station  in  Douglas  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Kansas  Midland  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Lawrenoo, 
and  on  a  lake.     ' 

Lakcview,  a  post-office  of  McPherson  co.,  KaasM^ 
about  22  miles  N.A\  .  of  Newton. 

Lakeview,  a  post-village  of  Montcalm  oo.,  Mich.,  in 
Cato  township,  1 1  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Howard  City.  It 
has  4  churches,  a  bnnk,  a  new8]>aper  office,  grist-,  )>laning-, 
and  saw-mills,  a  foundry,  and  a  sash-  and  dour-factury. 
Pop.  in  1880,  599;  in  1890,  1024. 

Lake  View,  a  township  of  Becker  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  99, 

Lake  View,  a  station  near  Carson  Lake,  on  the  Vir- 
ginia k  Truekee  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Carson  City,  Nev. 

Lake  View,  a  post-office  of  Passaic  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Erie  Railroad  at  the  crossing  of  the  Newark  &  Paterscm 
Railroad,  1  mile  S.  of  Paterson. 

Lake  View,  a  station  in  Chautauqua  co.,  N.T.,  near 
Chautauqua  Lake,  and  on  the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western 
Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of  Jamestown. 

Lakeview,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Erie  oo.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Lake  Shore  <fc  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  near 
Lake  Erie,  and  14  miles  S.  of  Buffalo. 

Lake  View,  a  post-village  of  Cuyahoga  co.,  0.,  in  East 
Cleveland  township,  1  mile  from  the  eastern  border  of 
Cleveland.  It  is  near  Lake  Erie,  and  fronts  on  Euclid 
Avenue.     Here  are  extensive  gardens. 

Lakeview,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lake  oo.,  Oregon. 

Lake  View,  a  post-office  of  Pierce  co.,  Washington, 
on  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Tacoroa. 

Lake  View,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dane  co.,  AVis.,  in  Fitch- 
burg  township,  about  10  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Madison.  It  hai 
a  church. 

Lake  View,  Ontario.    See  Johxson's  Mills. 

Lake  Vill'age,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Chicot  co., 
Ark.,  near  the  Mississippi  River,  about  80  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Pine  Bluff.  It  has  3  churches.  It  is  on  or  near  Old  River 
Lake,  and  is  6  miles  from  the  nearest  steamboat-landing. 

Lake  Village,  a  post-hamlet  of  Newton  co.,  Ind.,  28 
miles  N.  of  Kentlund. 

Lake  Village,  a  post-office  of  Natchitoches  parish.  La. 

Lake  Village,  a  post-village  of  Belknap  co.,  N.IL,  is 
at  the  outlet  or  S.AV.  extremity  of  Winncpcsaukee  Lake, 
partly  in  Laconia  and  partly  in  Gilford  township,  and  on 
the  Boston,  Concord  A  Montreal  Railroad,  29  miles  N.  by 
E.  of  Concord,  and  2  miles  N.  of  Laconia.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  several  mills  in  which  water-power 
is  employed ;  also  a  foundry,  a  savings-bank,  and  a  good 
hotel.  Hosiery,  woollen  goods,  machinery,  and  needles  are 
made  here. 

Lake'ville,  a  post-village  of  Sonoma  eo.,CaI.,on  Peta- 
luma  Creek,  35  miles  N.  by  W.  of  San  Francisco.  It  is  on 
the  San  Francisco  &  North  Pacific  Railroad,  1  mile  from 
Donahue. 

Lakeville,a  post- village  in  Salisbury  township,  Litch- 
field CO.,  Conn.,  on  the  Connecticut  Western  Railroad,  about 
50  miles  (64  by  rail)  W.N.W.  of  Hartford,  and  30  miles 
^.E.  of  Hudson,  N.Y.  It  has  a  select  school,  a  savings- 
bank,  a  manufactory  of  cutlery,  2  churches,  and  a  school 
for  imbeciles.  Here  is  Lake  Wononscopomuc. 

Lakeville,  a  post-village  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Union  township,  about  13  miles  S.  of  South  Bend.  It  has 
2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber. 

Lakeville,  post-township,  Dickinson  co.,  Iowa.    P.  102. 

Lakeville,  a  plantation  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.     P.  Ill8. 

Lakeville,  a  post-village  in  Lakeville  township,  Ply- 
mouth CO.,  Mass.,  on  a  smoU  lake,  about  37  miles  8.  by  L. 
of  Boston.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  tacks 
and  box-boards.  Lakeville  Station  is  on  the  Old  Colony 
Railroad,  2  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Middleborongh.  The  town- 
ship contains  several  lakes,  and  a  pop.  of  1061. 


LAK 


1599 


LAM 


Lakeville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  in  Ad- 
dison township,  aoout  40  miles  N.  of  Detroit.  It  has  a 
flour-mill,  a  foundry,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Lake  vil  le,  a  post-village  of  Dakota  co.,  Minn.,  in  Lake- 
ville township,  on  or  near  the  Hastings  <fc  Dakota  Railroad, 
about  24  miles  S.  of  Minneapolis.  It  has  a  church.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1022. 

Lakeville,  a  post- village  of  Stoddard  co.,  Mo.,  about 
44  miles  AV.  by  N.  of  Cairo,  111.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
flour-mill. 

Lakeville,  a  post-village  of  Livingston  oo.,  N.Y.,  in 
Livonia  township,  at  the  N.  end  and  outlet  of  Conesus 
Lake,  about  28  miles  S.  of  Rochester.  It  has  2  or  3 
churches,  a  hotel,  and  a  manufactory  of  farming-imple- 
i  ments.  The  lake  is  navigated  by  a  steamboat.  Pop.  130. 
I  Lakeville,  a  hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Monroe 
township,  on  the  Sterling  Mountain  Branch  of  the  Erie 
Railroad,  3  miles  from  Grreenwood  Lake.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  blast-furnace,  and  an  iron-mine. 

Lakeville,  a  hamlet  in  Holmes  co.,  0.,  on  the  Pitts- 
burg, Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad,  28  miles  E.  by  S. 
of  Crestline.    Here  is  Plimpton  Post-Office. 

Lakeville,  a  station  in  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Union 
&  Titusville  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Union  City,  at  the  out- 
let of  Oil  Creek  Lake,  a  pleasure-resort. 
Lakeville,  a  post-office  of  Chippewa  co..  Wis. 
Lakeville,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  9 
miles  from  Kentville.     It  contains  a  tannery  and  3  stores. 
Lakeville,  Nova  Scotia.    See  East  Jeddore. 
Lake  Wash'ington,  a  post-office  of  Le  Sueur  co.,  Minn. 
Lake  Washington,  a  post'-offico  and  steamboat-land- 
ing in  Washington  co.,  Miss.,  on  the  Mississippi  River. 

Lake  Washington,  a  lake  in  Kings  co.,  Washington, 
about  2  miles  E.  of  Seattle,  16  miles  long  and  4  miles  wide. 
Lake  Weir,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Fla. 
Lake'wood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co..  111.,  8  miles 
byrail  S.W.  of  Shelbyville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Lakewood,  a  post-village  and  health  resort  of  Ocean 
CO.,  N.J.,  8  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Manchester,  and  7 
miles  S.  by  AV.  of  Farmingdale.  It  has  5  churches,  a  public 
school,  a  newspaper  office,  <Scc.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Lake  Zapatosa  (or  Zapatoza),  z&-p&-to's3,  or  s&- 
pi-to's3,  (Sp.  pron.  thi-pi-to'thi).  South  America,  United 
States  of  Colombia,  35  miles  S.E.  of  Mompox,  is  an  enlarge- 
ment of  the  river  Sesar  before  it  joins  the  Magdalena. 
Length,  about  25  miles;  breadth,  22  miles. 

Lake  Zurich,  zu'rik,  a  post-hamlet  and  summer  resort, 
on  a  fine  lake,  in  Lake  co..  111.,  4  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Bar- 
rington  Station,  and  36  miles  N.W.  of  Chicago. 
Lakhpat,  a  town  of  India.    See  Luckput. 
La'kin,  a  station  in  Hamilton  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Des 
Moines  &  Minneapolis  Railroad,  22  miles  N.  of  Amos. 

Lakin,  a  township  of  Barton  co.,  Kansas.   Pop.  1212. 
It  contains  Ellinwood. 
Lakin,  a  township  of  Harvey  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  315. 
Lakin,  a  post-office  of  Kearney  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Atchison,  Topoka  4  Santa  Fe  Railroad,  72  miles  W.  of 
Dodge  City. 

Lakki,  Uk^kee',  or  Lakes,  li'kee',  a  town  of  the 
Punjab,  on  the  Khuram,  an  affluent  of  the  Indus,  98  miles 
1S.S.W.  of  Attock.  Lat.  32°  55'  N. ;  Ion.  71°  10'  E. 
{  Lak-Nagy,  loK-nod'y§h  or  nodj,  a  town  of  Hungary, 
|C0.  of  Csanad,  on  the  Maros,  35  miles  N.  of  Teinesvar.  It 
;has  2  Greek  churches,  numerous  mills,  and  a  trade  in  cattle, 
Isheep,  and  swine.     Pop.  9661. 

(  Lakoo'ra,  a  village  of  Beloochistan,  province  of  Jhal- 
awan,  60  miles  S.W.  of  Kclat. 

i    Lakor,  li'kon',  a  small  island  in  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
E.  of  Timor.    Lat.  8°  12'  S. ;  Ion.  127°  10'  E.     It  is  about 
jl2  miles  long  by  4  miles  broad, 
t    Lakshinanavati,  the  Sanscrit  name  of  Gour. 
Laksmanavate,  the  Hindoo  name  of  Lucknow. 
Laland,  an  island  of  Denmark.    See  Laaland. 
Lai  Uagh,  a  city  of  India.    See  Moorshedabad. 
Lalbenque,  lirbdNk',  a  town  of  France,  in  Lot,  8 
iiniles  S.S.E.  of  Cahors.     Pop.  624. 

La  Liendre,  14  le-5n'dri,  a  post-hamlet  of  San  Miguel 
00.,  New  Mexico,  17  miles  from  Las  Vegas. 

La>iLin,  a  town  of  the  Manchoorian  province  of  Kirin, 
|120  miles  N.  of  the  town  of  Kirin.  Its  walls  enclose  a  large 
[space,  but  the  buildings  occupy  less  than  one-half  the  area. 
[Pop.  15,000  to  20,000. 

i  Lalita-Patan,  li'lee'tA-pa-tin',  a  town  of  India,  Ne- 
•paul,  2  miles  S.  of  Khatmandoo.  It  was  formerly  the  cap- 
lital  of  a  small  independent  state.  It  has  a  neat  appearance, 
land  some  handsome  public  edifices,  and  manufactures  of 
eotton,  copper,  and  brass. 


Lality,  lohMeet'y?h  (almost  lohMectch'),  a  village  of 
Hungary,  co.  of  Bdcs,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Zombor.     P.  2699. 

LaPlee',  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  between  the  Chenaub 
and  Jhylum  Rivers,  95  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Lahore. 

LalTgungc',  or  Lalgaiu,  largQnj',  a  town  of  India, 
Mozufiferpoor  district,  near  the  Gunduck,  12  miles  N.W.  of 
Hadjypoor.  It  has  manufactures  of  saltpetre,  indigo,  and 
spirits,  and  a  great  trade  in  oil-seeds,  hides,  saltpetre,  salts, 
and  provisions.     Pop.  12,338. 

La  Loggia,  Id  lod'ji,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Turin,  2  miles  from  Carignano.     Pop.  1456. 

La  Lomagne,  15.  lo^min'  (anc.  Leonianiana),  a  small 
district  of  France,  in  the  former  province  of  Gascony,  now 
included  in  the  departments  of  Haute-Garonne  and  Gers. 

La  Londe,  la  losd,  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine-In- 
fdrieure,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Rouen.     Pop.  1781. 

La  Louppe,  14  loop,  a  town  of  France,  in  Eurc-et- 
Loir,  21  miles  W.  of  Chartres.     Pop.  1357. 

LaPpoor',  a  town  of  Afghanistan,  plain  of  Jelalabad, 
on  the  Cabool  River,  36  miles  W.N.W.  of  Peshawer. 

LaPsoont',  a  town  of  India,  in  Rajpootana,  38  miles 
S.E.  of  Jeypoor. 

Lama,  14'm3,,  a  river  of  Russia,  government  of  Moscow, 
joins  the  Volga  25  miles  N.  of  Klin. 

Lama,  13,'mil,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Chieti,  20 
miles  S.  of  Chieti.     Pop.  3016. 

Lama,  a  village  of  Italy,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ascoli. 
Pop.  1690. 

L'Amable,  U-mi'b'l,  a  post-village  in  Hastings  co., 
Ontario,  70  miles  N.  of  Belleville.     Pop.  100. 

La  Machine,  14  m4^sheen',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nifivre, 
18  miles  E.S.E.  of  Nevers.     Coal  is  mined  here.     P.  3091. 

La  Maddalena,  14  m4d-d4-l4'n4,  an  island  off  the  N. 
coast  of  Sardinia,  10  miles  E.  of  Longo-Sardo.     Pop.  1914. 

La  Madeleine,  France.     See  Madeleine. 

La  Magist^re,  14  m4^zhisHain',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Tarn-ct-Garonne,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Moissac.     Pop.  1576. 

Lamaline,  l4*m4Meen',  a  post-town  and  port  of  entry 
in  the  district  of  Burin,  Newfoundland,  40  miles  from  Bu- 
rin.    It  has  a  considerable  trade.     Pop.  310. 

La  Mancha,  14  m4n'ch4,  an  old  province  of  Spain,  in 
the  S.  part  of  New  Castile,  now  comprised  in  the  province 
of  Ciudad  Real.  It  derives  its  fame  from  the  novel  of  Cer- 
vantes.  Adj.  and  inhab.  Manche'gan  (Sp.  Manchego, 

m4n-ch4'go). 

La  Manche.    See  English  Channel  and  Manche. 

La  Manche,  14  m4nsh,  a  mining  village  in  the  district 
of  Placentia,  Newfoundland,  on  the  Avalon  Isthmus,  12 
miles  N.  of  Little  Placentia.  A  lead-mine  has  been  worked 
here.     Pop.  328. 

La  Manta,  14  m4n't4,  a  village  of  Italy,  2  miles  S.  of 
Saluzzo.     Pop.  1578, 

La^mar',  formerly  San'ford,  a  northwestern  county 
of  Alabama,  bordering  on  Mississippi.  Area,  612  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Buttahatchee  River  and 
Lu.\apatilla  (or  Loosapatilla)  Creek.  The  surface,  undu- 
lating or  hilly,  is  mostly  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Richmond  <t  Dan- 
ville and  Kansas  City,  Memphis  <fc  Birmingham  Railroads. 
Capital,  Vernon.  Pop.  in  1870,  8893;  in  1880,  12,142;  in 
1890,  14,187. 

Lamar,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Texas.  Area, 
900  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Red  River, 
and  intersected  by  the  North  Branch  of  the  Sulphur  Fork 
of  Rod  River.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  prairies  and 
forests  of  good  timber.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  cattle, 
Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Among  the 
forest  trees  are  the  ash,  hickory,  oak,  walnut,  and  osage- 
orange.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Texas  &  Pacific,  Gulf, 
Colorado  &  Santa  F6,  and  St.  Louis  <fe  San  Francisco  Rail- 
roads. Capital,  Paris.  Pop.  in  1870,  15,790;  in  1880, 
27,193;  in  1890,  37,302. 

Lamar,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  Ala. 

Lamar,  a  post-office  of  Sumter  co.,  Ga. 

Lamar,  a  post-office  of  Ottawa  co.,  Kansas. 

Lamar,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Mis?.,  on  the 
New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  A  Chicago  Railroad,  13  miles  N.E. 
of  Holly  Springs.     It  has  a  church. 

Lamar,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Barton  co..  Mo.,  near 
the  North  Fork  of  Spring  River,  22  miles  by  rail  N.  of 
Carthage.  It  has  8  churches,  3  banks,  an  academy,  3 
newspaper  offices,  and  manufiictures  of  flour  and  farming- 
implements.     Pop.  in  1880,  907;  in  1890,  2860. 

Lamar,  a  township  of  Clinton  co..  Pa.,  about  3  miles 
S.  of  Lock  Haven.  Pop.  1393.  It  contains  the  village  of 
Salona. 


LAM 


1600 


LAM 


Lamar,  a  post-offioe  of  Clinton  eo.,  Pa.,  nt  a  haiulot 
namod  liollo  Spring,  11  milos  8.S.W.  of  Look  Haven. 

Lamaff  a  post-bamlot  of  Aransas  oo.,  Tex.,  on  a  bay 
which  opens  into  the  Qulf  of  Mexico,  about  40  miles  N.£. 
of  (^rpus  Christi. 

La  Mar,  a  town  of  Bolivia.    See  Codija. 
I  Lamarche,  l&'maiuh',  a  village  of  JbVance,  department 
of  Vosses,  20  miles  S.  of  Neufcb&teau.    Pop.  171tf. 

La  Mnrd,  a  township  of  Wayne  oo.,  IIL  Pop.  1349. 
It  contains  Jeffersonville. 

La  Maremma,  Italy.    See  Maremma. 

Lamar  .Hills,  Clinton  oo.,  Pa.    See  Uauburo. 

La  Marmora,  lilL  maR'mo-r&,  a  village  of  Italy,  22 
miles  from  Coni.     Pop.  873. 

La  M aronne,  I&  m&^ronn',  a  river  of  France,  joins  the 
Dordogno,  after  a  W.  course  of  about  44  miles. 

L'Amaroux,  l&'m&Voo',  a  post-village  in  York  co., 
Ontario,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Scarborough.    Pop.  250. 

Lamars  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Upson  co.,  Qa. 

Lamar  Station,  a  post-village  of  Nodaway  co.,  Mo., 
20  miles  N.W.  of  Maryvillc,  and  about  60  miles  N.  by  W. 
of  St.  Joseph.     It  has  a  church. 

Lamartine,  lam'ar-tcen  or  lam-ar-toen',  a  post-village 
of  Columbia  co.,  Ark.,  about  32  miles  S.W.  of  Camden. 

Lamartine,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Greeley  co..  Neb., 
about  70  miles  W.  of  Columbus,  and  56  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Kearney. 

'  Lamartine,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  0.,  in  Perry 
township,  about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Canton.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Lamartine,  Clarion  co.,  Pa.    See  Salem. 

Lamartine,  a  post-village  of  Fond  du  Lac  co.,  Wis., 
on  the  Sheboygan  &  Fond  du  Lao  Railroad,  on  the  border 
of  Lamartine  township,  4  miles  W.S.W.  of  Fond  du  Lac. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  cheese-factory.  Pop.  about  100 ; 
of  the  township,  1513. 

Lamas'co,  a  post-village  of  Lyon  co.,  Ky.,  10  miles 
S.W.  of  Princeton.  It  has  2  churches,  the  Lamasco  Insti- 
tute, and  4  stores.     Pop.  about  200. 

La  Mastre,  1&  m&st'r,  a  town  of  France,  in  Ard5che, 
14  miles  S.W.  of  Tournon,  on  the  Doux.     Pop.  1911. 

La  Mata,  I&  mi'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  20 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  1195. 

La  Matanza,  IS,  ml-tin'si,  a  town  of  the  Canaries,  on 
the  N.  part  of  the  island  of  TenerifiFe. 

Lamato,  li-mi'to  (anc.  Lametusf),  a  river  of  Italy,  in 
Calabria,  falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Santa  Euphemia. 

Lamato,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  8  miles  N.W. 
of  Catanzaro.     Pop.  1306. 

La  Mayenne,  a  river  of  France.    See  Mavenne. 

Lamb,  lam,  a  county  of  the  Panhandle  of  Texas,  on 
the  Staked  Plain.     Area,  900  square  miles. 

Lambach,  l&m'b&K  {L.  Lambacum),  a  town  of  Austria, 
on  the  Traun,  18  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Lintz.  Pop.,  in- 
cluding Ebensee,  on  the  opposite  bank  of  the  river,  1699, 
employed  in  salt-works.     It  has  a  Benedictine  abbey. 

Lamballe,  I&u'bdU'  (anc.  Ambiliateaf),  a  town  of 
France,  C6tes-du-Nord,  on  the  Gouessan,  12  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Saint-Brieuc.  Pop.  4248.  It  stands  on  the  slope  of  a 
hill,  crowned  by  a  fine  Gothic  church. 

Lambar^,  lim-bi-rd.',  a  village  of  Paraguay,  6  miles 
from  Asuncion,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Paraguay. 

Lam'bay,  a  small  island  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Dublin,  3 
miles  S.E.  of  Rush. 

Lambayeque,  lim-bl-^'ki,  a  town  of  Peru,  depart- 
ment of  Lambayeque,  and  capital  of  the  province  of  the  same 
name,  6  miles  from  the  sea.  It  is  connected  by  railways  with 
Eten,  Ferrinafe,  and  Pimentel,  and  has  a  newspaper,  a  ool- 
jlege,  a  hospital,  a  fine  cathedral,  a  rice-mill,  and  manufac- 
tures of  soap,  quinine,  Ac.     Pop.  6000. 

Lambayeque,  a  maritime  department  in  the  N.W.  of 
•Peru.     Capital,  Chiclayo.     Pop.  85,984. 

Lambermont,  lim'b?r-m5nt^  or  l6M*b6R*m6No',  a  vil- 
livge  of  Belgium,  province  and  16  miles  E.  of  Liege. 
\    Lam'bert,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Tenn. 

Lam'berta,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baldwin  co.,  Ala.,  23 
miles  S.E.  of  Mobile.     It  has  a  church. 

Lam'bert  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.. 
Me.,  on  the  European  k  North  American  Railroad,  5  miles 
W.  of  Vanceborough.     Pop.  about  100. 

Lam'berton,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Redwood  co., 
Minn.,  on  the  Winona  &  St.  Peter  Railroad,  43  miles  W. 
by  S.  of  New  Ulm.     Pop.  of  Lamberton  township,  181. 

Lambcrton,  a  post-office  of  Racine  co.,  Wis. 
Lam'bertville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Mich., 
in  Bedford  township,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Sylvania,  0.   It  has  2 
churches. 


Lambcrtvillc,  a  post-town  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Delaware  Kivcr,  and  on  the  Belviderc  Delaware  lUvilroad, 
at  the  S.  turmiuus  of  a  branch  railroad  which  connects  it 
with  Flemington,  16  miles  above  Trenton,  and  12  miles  S. 
by  W.  of  Flemington.  It  contains  5  churches,  2  national 
banks,  1  or  2  public  halls,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  papiT-mills, 
a  cotton-factory,  several  flour-millH,  a  saw-mill,  mitnufao> 
turei  of  ropes  and  twine,  and  rubber-works.  A  bridge 
across  the  river  connects  it  with  New  Hope.    P.  (1890)  4142. 

Lambesc,  IftM'bisk',  a  town  of  France,  in  Bouches-da- 
RhOnc,  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ai.x.     Pop.  2087. 

Lam'beth,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  com- 
prising the  greater  part  of  the  S.W.  quarter  of  the  mctropolia 
S.  of  the  Thames,  here  crossed  by  Waterloo,  llungerford, 
Westminster,  and  Vauxhall  bridges,  and  having  K.  th« 
borough  of  Southwark.  Pop.  208,342.  Lambeth  Palace, 
beside  the  river,  opposite  the  ferry  to  Westminster,  is  an 
ancient  castellated  structure  of  various  dates,  which  haa 
been  the  residence  of  the  Archbishops  of  Canterbury  sino« 
the  twelfth  century. 

Lam'beth,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  0 
miles  S.W.  of  London.  It  contains  a  hotel  and  4  storw. 
Pop.  250. 

Lambezellec,  lAM^bfh-z6lM$k',  a  town  of  France,  in 
FinistCre,  3  miles  N.  of  Brest.     Pop.  2243. 

Lambie's  Mills,  Quebec.    See  Kinnear's  Millr. 

Lam'bourn,  or  Chip'ping  Lam'bourn,  a  town  of 
England,  co.  of  Berks,  6i  miles  N.N.W.  of  Hungcrford. 
The  town,  old,  but  ncjvt,  has  a  cruciform  church  in  the  early 
English  style,  and  an  antique  pillar  in  the  market-place. 
In  the  vicinity  is  the  ccleoratcd  figure  of  a  white  horse, 
said  to  have  been  cut  in  the  chalk  down  in  memory  of 
Alfred's  great  victory  over  the  Danes  in  871.     Pop.  1180. 

Lambratc,  l&m-bril'td,  a  village  of  Italy,  3  milei 
E.N.E.  of  Milan,  on  the  Lambro.     Pop.  1905. 

Lambro,  ISm'bro  (anc.  Zam'2)ri(4),  a  river  of  Northern 
Italy,  rises  between  the  two  arms  of  the  Lago  di  Como,  flowi 
S.S.E.,  and  joins  the  Po  15  miles  S.  of  Lodi.  Total  course, 
about  70  miles. 

Lamb's,  lamz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Venango  co..  Pa.,  8 
miles  S.E.  of  Titusville.     Petroleum  is  found  here. 

Lambsburg,  lamz'burg,  a  post-office  v^f  Carroll  co.,  Va. 

Lamb's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Nanticoke  township,  about  15  miles  N.W.  of  Bingham- 
ton.     It  has  2  churches,  2  saw-mills,  and  a  planing-mill. 

Lamb's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Tioga  Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  Blossburg.  It  has  2 
largo  steam  saw-mills. 

Lambsheim,  l&mz'hime,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Bavaria, 
5  miles  W.S.W.  of  Frankenthal.     Pop.  2145. 

Lambton,  lam't^n,  a  county  of  Ontario,  bordering 
upon  the  S.  portion  of  Lake  Huron.  The  St.  Clair  River 
forms  its  western  boundary.  Area,  725  square  miles.  This 
county  contains  petroleura-wells,  and  is  traversed  by  the 
Grand  Trunk  and  Great  Western  Railways.  Capital,  Sar- 
nia.     Pop.  31,994. 

Lambton,  or  Port  Lambton,  a  village  in  Lambton 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  river  St.  Clair,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Algonac, 
Mich.  It  contains  4  hotels,  5  stores,  and  several  mills  and 
factories.     Pop.  150. 

Lambton,  or  Saint  Vital  de  Lambton,  sdN<>vee^- 
til'  d^h  lim't^n,  a  post-village  in  Beauce  co.,  Quebec,  36 
miles  S.S.W.  of  St.  Franyois  de  la  Beauce.  It  has  3  sai^- 
mills,  2  grist-mills,  a  tannery,  and  4  stores.     Pop.  400. 

Lamcgo,  li-mi'go  (anc.  Lame'ca,  or  La'tna),  a  city  of 
Portugal,  in  Beira,  near  the  Douro,  46  miles  E.  of  Oporto. 
Pop.  7702.  It  has  many  interesting  Moorish  and  some 
Roman  remains.  Principal  edifices,  a  cathedral,  a  castle, 
hospitals,  a  priests'  seminary,  and  bishop's  palace. 

La  Mcsilla,  in  New  Mexico.    See  Mesilla  VALLEr. 

Lames'ley,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Durham,  on  a 
railway,  4  miles  S.  of  Newcastle,  with  coal-mines  and  quarries 
of  grindstones.     Pop.  2495. 

Lametus,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Lamato. 

Lamghan,  a  district  of  Afghanistan.    See  Lughmajt. 

Lamia,  li-mec'l,  lately  Zeitoun,  or  Zeitun,  zi"- 
toon'  (Gr.  Zeiroui'),  a  town  of  Greece,  capital  of  Phthiotis 
and  Phocis,  near  the  Turkish  frontier,  and  at  the  heiid  of 
the  Qulf  of  Volo.  It  has  an  acropolis,  a  citadel,  and  an 
arsenal.     Pop.  4873.    See  Gulf  of  Lamia. 

La  Mine,  a  post-village  of  Cooper  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  La 
Mine  River,  12  miles  AV.  of  Boonville.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  of  La  Mine  township,  1088. 

La  Mine  River,  Missouri,  drains  a  large  part  of  Pettis 
CO.,  and  runs  nearly  northward  in  Cooper  co.  After  a  very 
tortuous  course,  it  enters  the  Missouri  River  about  7  niilel 
above  Boonville.     Its  length  is  estimated  at  130  miles. 


LAM 


1601 


LAX 


1  Lam'ingtoiij  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  oo.,  N.J.,  in 
Bedminster  township,  about  18  miles  S.W.  of  Morristown. 
!lt  has  a  church. 

Lamington  River,  New  Jersey,  rises  in  Morris  co., 
runs  southward,  and  enters  the  North  Branch  of  the  Rari- 
itan  on  the  W.  boundary  of  Somerset  co. 
j    Laniira,  Belmont  co.,  0.    See  Lewis  Mills. 

Lam'iash,  a  small  village  and  harbor  of  Scotland,  on 
the  S.E.  side  of  the  Isle  of  Arran,  15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ayr. 

Lamlum,  or  Lainloom.    See  Lemloom. 

Lammerinoor,  Ontario.     See  Nobletox. 

Lam^mermoor'  (or  Lammermuir)  Hills,  Scot- 
llsnd,  a  range  of  mountains  extending  from  the  S.E.  ex- 
tremity of  the  county  of  Edinburgh,  through  the  counties 
of  Haddington  and  Berwick,  to  the  North  Sea,  in  the 
parish  of  Coldingham.  The  principal  summits  have  an 
elevation  of  from  1500  to  1600  feet. 
■  Lammongan,  a  volcano  of  Java.     See  LEiiuoNGAN. 

Lamo,  a  bay  of  Africa.    See  Lamoo. 

Iiamoille,  la-moil',  a  river  in  the  N.  part  of  Vermont, 

rises  in  Orleans  co.,  and,  after  flowing  southwesterly  into 

;  Caledonia  co.,  turns   and   flows   in   a   W.N.W.   direction 

i  through  Lamoille  and  Franklin  cos.,  and  falls  into  Lake 

Champlain  in  Chittenden  co.,  in  the  N.W.  part  of  the  state. 

Lamoille,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Vermont,  has  an 
area  of  about  446  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Lamoille  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Watcrbury  lliver. 
The  surface  is  mountainous  and  presents  beautiful  scenery. 
In  the  W.  part  of  this  county  stands  Mount  Mansfield  (the 
highest  peak  of  the  Green  Mountains),  which  has  an  alti- 
tude of  4430  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  A  large  por- 
tion of  the  county  is  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the 
sugar-maple  abounds.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile  and  adapted 
to  pasturage.  Hay,  butter,  oats,  potatoes,  and  maple  sugar 
are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Boston  A 
Maine,  St.  Johnsburg  <t  Lake  Champlain,  and  Central  Ver- 
mont Railroads.  Capital,  Hyde  Park.  Pop.  in  1870, 12,448, 
in  1880,  12,684;  in  1890,  12,8ai. 

:  Lamoille,  a  post-village  of  Bureau  co.,  III.,  in  La- 
moille township,  on  Bureau  Creek,  and  on  the  Mendota  & 
Clinton  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  Mendota,  and  93  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  a  graded  school,  3  churches,  4 
general  stores,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  money-order  post-office. 
Pop.  1890,  616;  of  the  township,  1312. 

Lamoille,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  Marshall- 
town.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  drug-store. 

Lamoille,  a  post-hamlet  of  Winona  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St. 
Paul  Railroad,  10  miles  below  Winona.  Here  are  some 
high  bluffs  of  limestone,  and  beautiful  scenery. 

La  Moin,  a  township  of  McDonough  co.,  111.  Pop.  1167. 
It  contains  Colmar. 

Lamoine,  la-moin',  a  post-township  of  Hancock  co., 
Me.,  on  a  bay  or  inlet  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean.     Pop.  612. 

La  Moin  River,  Illinois,  drains  parts  of  Hancock  and 
McDonough  cos.,  runs  ^.E.  through  Schuyler  co.,  and  enters 
the  Illinois  River  about  10  miles  S.  of  Rushville.  It  is  nearly 
100  miles  long.     It  is  sometimes  called  Crooked  Creek. 

Lamo'kin,  a  station  in  Delaware  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Phil- 
adelphia, Wilmington  &  Baltimore  Railroad,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Chester  Creek  Railroad,  1  mile  S.  of  Chester, 
and  on  the  Delaware  River.  It  has  a  steamboat-landing 
and  steel-works. 

Lamone,  18,-mo'ni,  a  river  of  Italy,  rises  in  Tuscany, 
and  enters  the  Adriatic  10  miles  N.  of  Ravenna,  after  a 
N.N.E.  course  of  50  miles. 

La^mong',  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Washington  township,  12  miles  AV.N.W.  of  ?7oblesville. 

La^mont',  a  post-office  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas. 

Lamont,  a  post-village  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich.,  in  Tall- 
madge  township,  on  Grand  River,  5  miles  S.  of  Coopersville 
BUtion,  and  about  13  miles  W.  of  Grand  Rapids.     It  has 

2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  planing-mill,  and  manufac- 
tures of  lumber  and  leather. 

La  Monte,  la-m6nt',  a  post-village  of  Pettis  co.,  Mo., 
on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  So- 
dalia.     It  has  3  churches. 

La  Mont's  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Osage  co.,  Kansas. 

Lamoo,  li^moo',  a  seaport  town  of  East  Africa,  on 
Lamoo  Bay  in  the  Indian  Ocean,  near  lat.  2°  14'  S.,  Ion. 
41°  E.     Pop.  5000. 

Lam^orseck',  called  also  Swede  (sweed)  Island, 
Lamotrek,  and  Namourek,  one  of  the  Caroline  Islands, 
about  7°  29'  N.  lat.,  146°  28'  E.  Ion.     Pop.  200. 

La  Motte,  \k  mott',  a  town  of  France,  in  C6tes-du- 
Nord,  6  miles  N.  of  Loud6ac.    Pop.  273. 


La  Motte,  Lake  Champlain.    See  Isle  la  Mottb. 

La  Motte,  1&  mott,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  oo.,  Iowa, 
is  partly  in  Richland  township,  16  miles  S.  of  Dubnquo, 
It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  brooms  and  cheese. 

La  Motte,  a  post-township  in  the  W.  part  of  Sanilao 
CO.,  Mich.,  about  44  miles  E.  of  Saginaw  City,     Pop.  158. 

La  Motte  Place,  a  post-village  of  St.  Charles  co., 
Mo.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  2  miles  below  Alton,  111. 
It  is  a  shipping-point  for  grain,  cattle,  and  hogs. 

La  Motte  Saint- Jean,  \k  mott  s&N»-zh6N<>',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Saone-et-Loire,  at  the  junction  of  the  Loire  and 
the  Arroux,  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Charolles.     Pop,  1672. 

Lamoure,  la-moor',  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of 
North  Dakota,  is  intersected  by  the  Dakota  or  James  River. 
Area,  1152  stjuare  miles.     Pop.  in  1880,  20;  in  1890,  3187. 

Lamourie  (IS,-moo'ree)  Bridge,  a  post-village  of 
Rapides  parish.  La.,  2  miles  W.  of  Bertrand. 

Lamov,  l4-mov',  or  Lomov,  lo-mov',  two  towns  of 
Russia,  in  Penza,  on  the  Lamov  River,  Nizhnee  or  Nijni 
Lamov,  nizh^nee'  l&-mov'  ("  New,"  or  Lower),  is  65  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Penza.  Pop.  4526.  Verknee  or  Vebknii  La- 
mov, vSuk^nee'  li-mov'  ("Old,"  or  Upper),  is  68  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Penza.     Pop.  8414, 

Lampa,  lim'pj.,  a  town  of  Peru,  capital  of  a  province 
of  its  own  name,  in  the  department  of  Puno,  on  a  tributary 
of  Lake  Titicaca,  155  miles  S.  of  Cuzco. 

Lampasas,  lam-pah'sas,  a  county  in  the  central  part 
of  Texas,  has  an  area  of  about  800  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.W,  by  the  Colorado  River,  and  is  also 
drained  by  Lampasas  Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  un- 
dulating. It  is  said  to  have  abundance  of  good  timber. 
The  soil  is  fertile,  and  produces  pasture  for  numerous  cattle. 
Capital,  Lampasas,  on  the  Gulf,  Colorado  &  Santa  F6  Rail- 
road,    Pop.  in  1870,  1344;  in  1880,  5421;  in  1890,  7684. 

Lampasas,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lampasas  co,, 
Tex.,  about  64  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Austin.  It  has  several 
churches,  an  academy,  2  newspaper  offices,  mineral  springs, 
and  manufactures  of  flour,  lumber,  dairy  products,  Ac. 
Pop.  in  1880,  653 ;  in  1890,  2408. 

Lampasas  Creek,  Texas,  rises  in  Hamilton  co.,  and 
runs  southeastward  through  Lampas.as  co,  and  eastward 
in  Bell  co.  It  unites  with  the  Leon  River  about  7  miles 
below  Belton,  after  a  course  of  nearly  125  miles. 

Lampedusa,  l&m-p4-doo's&,  Lopedu'sa,  or  Lam- 
padosa,  an  island  of  Italy,  in  the  Mediterranean,  about 
midway  between  Malta  and  the  Tunis  coast.  It  is  one  of 
the  Isole  Pelagic.     Wrcuit,  13  miles. 

Lampertheim,  lim'p6Rt-hime\  a  town  of  Ilesse,  on 
the  Rhine,  21  miles  S.S.W.  of  Darmstadt.     Pop.  5128. 

Lam'peter,  or Lampeter-Pont- Stephen  (Welsh, 
Llanbedr,  Lan'bdd^r),  a  borough  of  Wales,  co.  and  25  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Cardigan,  on  the  Teify,  and  on  a  railway.  It  is 
the  seat  of  St,  David's  College,  which  has  power  to  confer 
bachelor's  degrees  in  letters  and  divinity.     Pop.  1255. 

Lam'peter,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa,,  in 
West  Lampeter  township,  5  miles  S.E,  of  Lancaster,  It 
has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  wagons,  sash,  doors,  Ac. 

Lampion,  l&m-pe-6n',  a  small  island  in  the  Mediter- 
ranean, one  of  the  Isole  Pelagie,  forming  a  dependency  of 
Sicily,  8  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Lampedusa, 

Lampong,  I4m'p6ng\  a  district  and  bay  at  the  S.  ex- 
tremity of  Sumatra,  with  a  town  and  Dutch  settlement. 
The  native  race  are  called  Lampongs,  They  have  their 
own  language  and  alphabet.  Exports,  pepper,  rattans,  and 
dammar.     Pop.  of  district,  137,485, 

Lamporecchio,  lim-po-r§k'ke-o,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Florence,  8  miles  S.  of  Pistoja.     Pop.  8293. 

Lamprey  (lam'pre)  River,  New  Hampshire,  rises  in 
the  N,  part  of  Rockingham  co.,  runs  nearly  eastward  through 
the  S.  part  of  Strafford  co.,  and  enters  Grand  Bay  about  8 
miles  W,  of  Portsmouth. 

Lamps'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Belmont  co.,  0,,  5  miles  S, 
of  Belmont.     It  has  a  flour-mill, 

Lamsaki,  lim'sS,^kee  (anc.  Lamp'sacus),  a  village  of 
Asia  Minor,  on  the  Hellespont,  nearly  opposite  Gallipoli, 
and  embosomed  in  gardens, 

Lam'son's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Oswego  A  Syracuse  Railroad,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Syra- 
cuse. 

Lamspringe,  I4m'spring\h,  a  village  of  Prussia, 
in  Hanover,  14  miles  S.  of  Hildesheim.     Pop.  1608. 

Lana,  l4'n&,  a  village  of  Austria,  Tyrol,  circle  of  Botzen 
Pop.  2716, 

Lanai,  one  of  the  Sandwich  Islands.    See  Ranai. 

Lanaken,  l&-n&'k^n,  or  Lanaeken,  l&-n^'k§n,  a  vil- 
lage of  Belgium,  in  Limbourg,  on  the  Meuse,  13  miles  S. 
of  Hasselt.    Pop,  2100. 


IAN 


1602 


LAN 


Lan'nrk,  Lanarkshire,  lanVIt-"^!'',  or  Cljrdes'- 
dalc,  an  inland  county  oC  Scotland,  having;  N.  the  cot.  of 
Duiubiirton  and  Stirling,  E.  Linlithgow,  Edinburghshiro, 
and  Poobles,  S.  Dumfrioa,  and  \V.  Ayr  and  Ilenfroir.  Area, 
889  squars  miles,  more  than  one-third  of  whioh  is  nmblc. 
Pop.  1,0-(5,7S7.  It  consists  of  the  whole  ui>per  biuin  of  the 
Clyde  and  its  afBucnts,  along  whiuh,  and  in  the  level  or 
N.  part«,  are  some  flne  agricultural  tracts.  The  S.  part  is 
mountainous  and  sterile.  The  chief  crops  are  oats,  barley, 
wheat,  turnips,  and  potatoes.  The  coal-,  iron-,  and  lead- 
mines  of  this  county  have  rendered  it  one  of  the  most 
wealthy  in  Britain.  In  Old  Monkland  especially  there  are 
extensive  iron-works,  and  all  kinds  of  manufactures  are 
carried  on  in  and  around  Glasgow,  bosidos  which  city  the 
county  comprises  the  towns  of  Lanark,  Hamilton,  Airdrio, 
Kilbride,  Carluke,  Douglas,  and  Biggar.  It  sends  one  mem- 
ber to  the  House  of  Commons,  besides  two  for  Glasgow  and 
one  for  other  boroughs. 

Lanark,  a  borough  of  Scotland,  capital  of  the  above 
county,  on  the  Edinburgh  &  Carlisio  Railway,  and  near  the 
Clyde,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Edinburgh,  and  23  miles  S.E.  of 
Glasgow.  Chief  buildings,  the  church,  in  a  nioho  of  whioh 
is  a  colossal  statue  of  the  patriot  Wallace,  the  grainmar- 
Bchool,  library,  elegant  county  buildings,  jail,  and  a  branch 
bank.  The  borough  unites  with  Falkirk,  Linlithgow,  Air- 
drie,  and  Hamilton  in  sending  one  member  to  the  House  of 
Commons.  Near  it  are  the  Falls  of  the  Clyde,  several  Roman 
and  feudal  remains  and  ancient  mansions,  and  at  Bonning- 
ton  various  relics  of  Wallace.     Pop.  in  1891,  5537. 

Lanark,  Bradley  oo..  Ark.     See  Mount  VKiiNoy. 

Lan'ark,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  III.,  in  Rock 
Creek  township,  19  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Freeport,  and  7 
miles  E.  of  Mount  Carroll.  It  has  8  churches,  a  national 
bank,  a  state  bank,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office, 
several  factories,  nnd  3  grain-elevators.    Pop.  in  1S90,  1296. 

Lanark,  a  post-village  of  Pawnee  co.,  Kansas,  33  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Larned.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  coal-mine. 

Lanark,  a  post-haralet  of  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.,  3i  miles  S. 
of  Allcntown.  It  is  in  the  beautiful  Saucon  Valley,  which 
has  a  valuable  mine  of  zinc. 

Lanark,  a  station  in  Cass  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Texas  <t 
Pacific  Railroad,  32  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Jefferson. 

Lanark,  a  township  of  Portage  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  604. 

Lanark,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Ontario,  com- 
prising an  area  of  1194  square  miles,  is  drained  by  numer- 
ous small  rivers,  among  which  are  the  Clyde,  the  Missis- 
sippi, and  the  Rideau,  and  traversed  by  tho  Brockville  & 
Ottawa  Railway.     Capital,  Perth.     Pop.  32,920. 

Lanark,  a  post-village  in  the  above  county,  on  the 
river  Clyde,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Perth.  It  has  2  hotels,  1 1 
stores,  several  mills,  a  woollen-factory,  and  an  iron-foundry, 
and  has  a  largo  trade  in  lumber.     Pop.  740. 

Lanarkshire,  a  county  of  Scotland.    See  Lanark. 

Lanc'astcr,  or  Lancashire,  lank'a-shjr,  a  county 
palatine  and  duchy  of  England,  having  N.  Cumberland  and 
Westmoreland,  E.  Yorkshire,  S.  Cheshire,  and  W.  the  Irish 
Sea.  Area,  1905  square  miles.  The  surface  is  rugged  and 
mountainous  in  the  N.,  whore  Coniston  Fell  rises  to  2577  , 
feet  above  tho  sea,  and  on  the  E.  border,  %vhero  the  long 
ridge  popularly  called  "The  Backbone  of  England"  sepa- 
rates the  county  from  York ;  elsewhere  it  is  generally  level. 
Principal  rivers,  the  Duddon,  Lune,  Wyre,  Ribble,  Mersey, 
and  Irwell.  Besides  Coniston  Lake,  Windermere  is  partly 
in  this  county.  Carboniferous  sandstone  and  new  red  sand- 
stone, with  limestone,  form  the  strata  of  the  county.  Soil, 
among  the  hills  moorish  or  peaty,  in  the  lower  districts 
mostly  a  fertile  sandy  loam.  Potatoes,  oats,  hay,  garden- 
products,  butter,  Ac,  are  largely  produced.  The  most  im- 
portant mineral  is  coal,  to  the  abundance  of  which  the 
county  mainly  owes  its  manufacturing  eminence.  Copper 
is  also  raised  in  the  N.  of  the  county.  Lancaster  owes  its 
celebrity  and  wealth  to  its  manufactories  and  commerce, 
and  not  to  agriculture.  It  is  tho  great  seat  of  the  British 
cotton- manufacture,  which  has  increased  since  1770  with  a 
rapidity  unparalleled  in  the  history  of  mechanical  industry. 
AYoollen,  worsted,  linens,  silk,  hats,  paper,  soap,  chemicals, 
Ac.,  are  also  manufactured  on  a  large  scale.  Manchester  is 
the  principal  seat  of  the  ootton-manufacture  in  tho  county, 
and  Liverpool  of  the  shipping-trade.  The  former,  however, 
is  carried  on  to  a  great  extent  in  numerous  other  towns  in 
the  county,  including  Preston,  Bolton,  Oldham,  Ashton, 
Blackburn,  Bury,  Chorley,  Wigan,  Ac.  A  complete  net- 
work of  railways  and  several  important  canals  afford  means 
of  rapid  conveyance  between  Lancashire  and  all  parts  of  the 
kingdom.  It  sends  fifty-seven  members  to  the  House  of 
Commons, — twenty-three  for  the  county  and  thirty-four  for 
its  towns.   Pop.  (1891)  3,454,438.   The  rf«cAy  of  Lancaster  is 


nearly  idontionl  with  the  county.  Its  government  vests  in 
tho  sovereign,  not  as  king,  but  aa  Duke  of  Lancaster;  and  it 
has  its  own  chancellor,  a  minister  of  the  British  govornuioiu. 

Lancaster  (L.  Luncni'tn'tt),  a  borough  of  England, 
capital  of  the  above  county,  on  tho  Lune,  20  miles  by  rail 
N.N.W.  of  Preston.  It  is  picturesquely  situated  on  nn 
eminence  crowned  by  the  church  and  castle.  Tho  Iiouicm 
are  built  of  stone,  and  handsome,  but  many  of  tho  stroctA 
are  narrow.  Chief  structures,  a  bridge  of  live  arches,  and 
a  superb  aqueduct,  carrying  tho  Lancaster  Canal  across  tho 
river;  the  castle,  a  noble  pile,  founded  at  the  Conquest,  ou 
the  site  of  a  Roman  station,  and  now  embracing  within  its 
vast  area  the  county  oourt-housc,  jail,  and  penitentiary;  u 
ancient  parish  church,  a  grammar-school,  national  aid 
other  schools,  almshouses,  a  lunatic  asylum,  town  hall, 
theatre,  assembly-rooms,  baths,  custom-house,  and  market- 
house.  It  has  also  a  mechanics'  institute,  an  establishment 
for  promoting  the  fine  arts,  and  thriving  manufactures  of 
furniture,  cotton,  silk,  linen,  and  sail-cloth.  Tho  coasting 
trade  is  important,  but  the  foreign  trade  has  been  transferred 
to  Liverpool.  It  is  a  parliamentary  division  of  North 
Lancashire,  and  sends  one  member  to  the  House  of  Com- 
mons.    Pop.  31,038. Adj.  Lancastkian,  lang-kas'tre-yH, 

Lancaster,  lank'^s-t^r,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of 
Nebraska,  has  an  area  of  864  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  Saline  or  Salt  Creek,  and  is  also  drained  by  iti 
affluents,  one  of  which  is  called  Middle  Creek.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating  or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  deep  and 
very  fertile.  The  greater  part  of  it  is  prairie,  which  pro- 
duces good  natural  pasture.  Timber  is  very  scarce.  Wheat,  I 
Indian  corn,  oats,  and  butter  are  the  staple  produota.  i 
Carboniferous  limestone,  which  is  a  good  building-stone^ 
underlies  a  part  of  this  county,  which  also  has  several 
salt  springs  and  strata  of  cretaceous  sandstone.  It  is  ia 
terseotcd  oy  the  Burlington  A  Missouri  River,  Chicago, 
Rock  Island  A  Pacific,  Union  Pacific,  Missouri  Pacific,  and 
Fremont,  Elkhorn  A  Missouri  Valley  Railroads,  all  of 
which  connect  with  Lincoln,  the  capital,  which  is  also  th« 
capital  of  the  state.  Pop.  in  1870,  7074;  in  1876,  15,407} 
in  1880,  28,090;  in  1890,  76,395. 

Lancaster,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Pennsylvania^ 
borders  on  Maryland.  Area,  about  965  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  it 
drained  by  the  Conestoga,  Pequea,  and  Octorara  Crceke^  i 
The  surface  is  mostly  undulating  and  agreeably  diversifled 
with  wide  valleys  and  hills  of  moderate  height.  The  soil  il 
calcareous  and  very  fertile,  and  is  well  cultivated.  Wheat, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  tobacco,  butter,  hay,  horses,  cattle,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  mineral  resouroM 
are  iron,  nickel,  slate,  good  Silurian  limestone,  and  Pots- 
dam sandstone.  Forests  of  oak,  hickory,  chestnut,  ash,  and 
other  trees  cover  a  considprable  part  of  its  area.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  tho  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  the  Columbia  Branch 
of  the  same,  the  Lancaster,  Oxford  A  Southern  Railroad, 
and  the  Philadelphia  A  Reading  Railroad.  Capital,  Lan- 
caster. Pop.  in  1870,  121,340;  in  J880,  139,447;  in  1890, 
149,095. 

Lancaster,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  South  Carolina, 
borders  on  North  Carolina.  Area,  535  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Catawba  River,  which  in  the 
lower  part  of  its  course  is  called  the  Wateree  River,  and  it 
is  partly  drained  by  Lynch's  Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly 
or  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The 
foil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  grass  are 
the  staple  products.  Gold  is  found  here.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  the  Richmond  A  Danville,  Charleston,  Cin- 
cinnati A  Chicago,  and  Georgia,  Carolina  A  Northern  Rail- 
roads, the  first  two  of  which  pass  through  Lancaster  Conrt- 
Houso,  the  cai)ital.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,087;  in  1880,  16,903; 
in  1890,  20,761. 

Lancaster,  a  county  in  theE.  part  of  Virginia,  borders 
on  Chesapeake  Bay.  Area,  about  160  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Rappahannock  River,  which 
enters  the  Chesapeake  at  the  S.E.  extremity  of  the  county. 
About  half  of  tho  surface  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil 
is  sandy,  and  produces  a  little  Indian  corn,  gra?s,  and  oats. 
Capital,  Lancaster  Court- House.  Pop.  in  1870,  5355;  in 
1880,  6160;  in  1890,  7191. 

Lancaster,  a  post  village  in  Los  Angeles  co.,  Cat.,  on 
the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  75  miles  N.  of  Los  Angeles, 
It  has  general  stores  and  business  houses.    Pop.  about  100. 

Lancaster,  a  station  in  Lake  co.,  III.,  on  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  28  miles  N.  of  Chicago. 

Lancaster,  a  post-village  of  Wabash  co.,  HI.,  abont 
11  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Mt.  Carmel,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
It  has  a  flour-mill,  wagon-works,  a  blacksmith-shop,  and 
general  stores.     Pop.  about  200. 


LAN 


1603 


i.Aii 


,     Lancaster,  a  township  of  Wabash  cc,  III.     Pop.  fl56. 
It  contains  the  village  of  Mier  (which  see). 

Lancaster,  a  township  of  Huntington  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
U92.     It  contains  part  of  the  village  of  Alt.  Etna. 

Lancaster,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Lancaster  township,  on  or  near  the  W.  bank  of  Graham 
Creek,  3  miles  from  Dupont  Station,  and  about  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Madison.  It  has  a  blacksmith's-shop,  a  flour-mill, 
and  general  stores.  Pop.  about  125.  The  township  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Jeffersonville,  Madison  &  Indianapolis  Rail- 
road, and  has  4  churches,  and  a  pop.  of  1272. 

Lancaster,  a  hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Louis- 
Tille,  New  Albany  A  Chicago  Railroad,  4i  miles  E.  of 
Orleans.  It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  about  150. 
Here  is  Leipsio  Post-Otfice.    See  also  Salamosia. 

Lancaster,  a  village  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.,  in  Marion 
[township,  12  miles  Vi'.  by  X.  of  Spencer.  It  has  4  churches, 
'a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  a  carriage-shop,  and  mines  of  coal. 
Pop.  about  350.     Ilere  is  Patricksburg  Poat-Office. 

Lancaster,  a  township  of  Wells  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  13S1. 

Lancaster,  a  post-village  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Lancaster  township,  about  24  miles  N.N.E.  of  Otturawa, 
and  4  mile*  S.E.  of  Sigourney.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop. 
135.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  South 
Skunk  River,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1454. 

Lancaster,  a  post-hamlet  of  Atchison  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Lancaster  township,  about  10  miles  W.  of  Atchison.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  958. 

Lancaster,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Garrard  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Richmond  Branch  Railroad,  113  miles  S.E.  of  Louis- 
ville,  and  about  33  miles  S.  of  Lexington.  It  has  a  court- 
house, 3  churches,  the  Franklin  Institute,  a  male  academy, 
•  female  institute,  and  a  national  bank. 

Lancaster,  a  post- village  and  summer  resort  of  Wor- 
cester CO.,  Mass.,  is  finely  situated  in  Lancaster  township, 
on  the  Nashua  River,  near  the  junction  of  its  branches, 
and  on  the  AVorcestor  A  Nashua  Railroad,  18  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Worcester,  and  2  miles  N.  of  Clinton.  It  contains  a 
national  bank,  2  churches,  an  industrial  school  for  girls, 
founded  by  the  state,  a  public  library  of  6600  volumes, 
a  large  hotel,  and  manufactures  of  cotton  sheeting,  &a.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1957. 

Lancaster,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Schuyler  co.. 
Mo.,  on  the  Missouri,  Iowa  <.t  Nebraska  Railroad,  21  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  Memphis,  and  about  60  miles  N.  of  Macon 
City,  It  has  a  national  bank,  14  stores,  a  newspaper  office, 
an  academy,  2  churches,  and  a  flouring-mill.  Coal  abounds 
here.    Pop.  in  1890,  811. 

Lancaster,  a  post-village,  summer  resort,  and  capital 
of  Coos  CO.,  N.H.,  in  Lancaster  township,  on  the  Connecti- 
cut River,  at  the  mouth  of  Israel  River,  and  on  the  Boston, 
Concord  <t  Montreal  Railroad,  135  miles  N.  of  Concord. 
It  contains  6  churches,  a  savings-bank,  a  court-house,  an 
academy,  10  hotels,  printing-ofiices  which  issue  2  weekly 
newspapers,  a  paper-mill,  3  starch-mills,  and  several  saw- 
mills.    Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  3373. 

Lancaster,  a  post- village  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Lan- 
caster township,  on  Cayuga  Creek,  and  on  the  New  York 
Central  and  Erie  Railroads.  10  miles  E.  of  Buffalo.  It 
contains  several  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  manu- 
factory of  glass,  a  tannery,  and  several  mills.  Pop.  1697 ; 
of  the  township,  4227. 

Lancaster,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.,  is 

situated  on  the  Hocking  River  and  the  Hocking  Cinal,  32 

j  miles  S.E.  of  Columbus,  116  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati, 

[and  52  miles  W.S.W.  of  Zanesville.     It  is  on  the  Columbus 

[4  Hocking  Valley  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Cincinnati 

[  A  Muskingum  Valley  Railroad.     It  is  situated  in  a  beauti- 

,  ful  and  fertile  valley,  and  has  wide  streets,  some  of  which 

!  are  lined  with  elegant  buildings.    It  contains  a  court-house, 

j  9  churches,  a  high  school,  2  national  banks,  and  printing- 

i  offices  which  issue  2  weekly  newspapers.     Here  are  the 

works  of  the  Eagle  Machine  Company  and  some  shops  of 

the  Cincinnati  <fc  Muskingum  Valley  Railroad.    Pop.  7555. 

Lancaster,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1053. 
It  contains  Middle  Lancaster. 

_  Lancaster,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  is 
situated  near  the  W.  bank  of  Conestoga  Creek,  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  69  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia,  36  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Harrisburg,  and  42  miles  S.W.  of  Reading.  It  is 
connected  with  Reading  by  a  branch  oi  the  Reading  &  Colum- 
bia Railroiul,  and  a  narrow-gauge  railroad  connects  it  with 
Quarryville.  The  houses  are  mostly  built  of  brick,  and  the 
Btrceu  are  generally  straight,  and  cross  one  another  at  right 
angles.  Two  main  streets,  named  King  and  Queen,  intersect 
each  other  in  the  central  part  of  the  city.  This  city  is  lighted 
with  gas,  and  is  supplied  with  water  conveyed  from  Cones- 


toga  Creek.  It  is  the  seat  of  Franklin  and  Marshall  Col- 
lege (German  Reformed),  which  was  organized  in  1853  and 
has  a  library  of  13,000  volumes.  The  other  most  remark- 
able building?  are  the  c»urt-house,  in  the  Grecian  style,  the 
county  prison,  Fulton  Hall,  in  which  public  assemblies  are 
held,  St.  Joseph's  Hospital  (Catholic),  and  the  high  school. 
Lancaster  contains  26  churches  (viz.,  1  Baptist,  3  Catholic, 

2  Episcopal,  3  German  Reformed,  5  Lutheran,  4  Meth- 
odist, 1  Mennonite,  1  Moravian,  1  Jewish,  and  1  Presby- 
terian), several  public  libraries,  3  national  banks,  4  other 
banking-houses,  a  theological  seminary  of  the  German 
Reformed  church,  2  Catholic  academies,  and  printing- 
offices  which  issue  3  daily  and  7  weekly  newspapers,  also 

3  monthly  papers  devoted  to  religion,  agriculture,  Ac.  The 
city  has  6  large  cotton-mills,  several  tanneries,  breweries, 
and  potteries,  a  rolling-mill,  a  stereotype-foundry,  and  man- 
ufactures of  carriages,  farming-implements,  iron  castings, 
copper  kettles,  engines  and  boilers,  furniture,  cabinet  or- 
gans, combs,  leather,  hats,  watches,  paper,  edge-tools,  files, 
bricks,  rifles,  soap,  screws,  chains,  locks,  Ac.  Lancaster  is 
surrounded  by  a  rich  and  beautiful  country  which  surpasses 
all  other  parts  of  the  state  in  the  production  of  wheat.  It 
has  a  large  trade  in  tobacco,  for  the  accommodation  of  which 
extensive  warehouses  have  been  recently  erected.  This 
place  was  first  settled  in  1728  or  1730,  and  was  incorporated 
as  a  city  in  1818.  It  was  the  capital  of  the  state  from  1799 
to  1812.  Pop.  in  1840,  8417;  in  1860,  17,603:  in  1870, 
20,233;  in  1880,  25,769;  in  1890,  32,011. 

Lancaster,  a  post-hamk-t  of  Smith  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Caney  Fork  River,  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lebanon.  It  has  a 
church. 

Lancaster,  a  post-village  of  Dallas  co.,  Tex.,  4  miles 
S.W.  of  Ilutchins  Station,  and  about  15  miles  S.  of  Dallas. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  masonic  institute,  a  flour-mill,  a  plough- 
factory,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890.  741. 

Lancaster,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Grant  co..  Wis., 
in  Lancaster  township,  about  82  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Madison, 
and  25  miles  N.  of  Dubuque,  Iowa.  It  bus  a  court-bouse, 
7  churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  high  school,  3 
carriage  shops,  an  excelsior-factory,  and  4  hotels.  Lead- 
mines  have  been  opened  near  this  place.  Pop.  in  1890, 
1543  ;  of  the  township,  3289. 

Lancaster,  lank'^-st^r,  or  South  Bay,  a  village  in 
St.  John  CO.,  New  Brunswick,  on  the  European  A  North 
American  Railway,  6  miles  from  St.  John.     Pop.  200. 

Lancaster,  a  post-village  in  Glengarry  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  16  miles  E.  of  Cornwall,  and 
1  mile  from  its  station  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  54 
miles  W.  of  Montreal.  Attached  to  it  is  another  village, 
called  Riviere  Raisin  or  New  Lancaster.  Lancaster  is  a 
landing-place  of  the  Cornwall  and  Montreal  steamers,  and 
contains  several  stores.     Pop.  250. 

Lancaster  Bay,  England.    See  Morecambe  Bat. 

Lancaster  Court-Honse,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Lancaster  co.,  S.C,  about  60  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Columbia, 
and  45  miles  8.  by  E.  of  Charlotte,  N.C.  It  has  a  court- 
house, an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  and  4  churches. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1094. 

Lancaster  Coart-Honse,  a  small  post-village,  cap- 
ital of  Lancaster  co.,  Va.,  about  50  miles  in  a  direct  line 
E.N.E.  of  Richmond. 

Lancaster  Junction,  Pennsylvania.    See  Junction. 

Lancaster  Sound,  a  portion  of  water  which  connects 
Barrow  Strait  with  the  N.W.  part  of  Baffin's  Bay,  about  lot. 
74°  N.  It  extends  from  Ion.  79°  to  87°  W.,  and  is  nearly 
65  miles  wide. 

Lancaster  Switch,  a  station  in  Northumberland  co.. 
Pa.,  on  the  Mahanoy  division  of  the  Lehigh  Valley  Rail- 
road, 2  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Shamokin,  at  the  junction  of  a 
branch  railroad  leading  to  coal-mines. 

Lancastria,  the  Latin  name  of  Lancaster. 

Lancava,  I4n-k&'vi,  or  Langkavi,  l^ng-k&'vee,  an 
island  off  the  W.  coast  of  the  Malay  Peninsula.  Lat.  6° 
15'  N.;  Ion.  99°  50'  E. 

L'Ance,  Michigan.    See  L'Asse. 

Lance-au-Loup,  l&xss-o-loo',  a  fishing  hamlet  of  Lab- 
rador, in  Loup  Bay,  on  the  Strait  of  Belle  Isle. 

Lancerota,  Canary  Islands.    See  Lanzarotr. 

Lanchang,  Lantshang;,  or  Lantchang,  l&n'- 
cb&ng',  called  also  Ilanniah,  hdn-nce'i,  a  town  of  tha 
Laos  country,  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Asia,  on  the  Me-Kong 
River.     Lat.  15°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  104°  30'  E. 

Lancha  Plana,  l&n'ch&  pli'nfL,  a  post-village  of 
Amador  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Mokelumne  River,  32  miles  N.E. 
of  Stockton.  It  has  a  church  and  a  distillery.  Brandy  and 
wine  are  made  here.  Coal  and  copper  are  to  be  found  mar 
this  plaos. 


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Landsberg,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  9  miloa  N.E. 
,  ILiIlo.     Pop.  1406. 

Landsburj;,  Idnts'bSSna,  atownof  Pruasian  Silesia,  33 
le3  X.E.  of  Oppcln,  on  the  Polish  frontier.     Pop.  1133. 
Laiidsdale,  Pa.    See  La.xsdale. 
Lands'down,  a  station  in  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
jhigh  Valley  Railroad,  19  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Easton,  Pa. 
Land's  End  (anc.  Dole'rium  Promouto' rium),  a  head- 
jd  forming  the  westernmost  land   of  England,  projects 
a  the  Atlantic  at  the  W.  extremity  of  the  county  of 
mwall.     It  is  formed  of  granite  cliffs  about  60  feet  in 
ight.    About  1  mile  W.  are  the  dangerous  rocka  called 
9  Longships,  with  a  light-house  and  fixed  lights.     Lat. 
o  4'  4"  N. ;  Ion.  5°  44'  44"  W. 

Lands'ford,  a  post-township  of  Chester  co.,  S.C.,  on 
9  Catawba  or  Wateree  River,  about  60  miles  N.  of  Colum- 
w    Pop.  2400. 

Landsliut,  linds'hoot  (Ger.  pron.  lints'hoot),  a  town 
Lower  Bavaria,  on  the  Iser,  3'J  miles  N.E.  of  Munich, 
ip.  14,780.  It  is  highly  picturesque,  is  enclosed  by  old 
rtifications,  and  consists  of  an  old  and  a  new  town,  with 
suburb  on  an  island  in  the  Iser.  Principal  edifices,  an 
U  castle,  a  celebrated  church,  the  steeple  of  which  is  462 
let  in  height,  several  other  fine  churches,  a  Cistercian 
pbey,  royal  palace,  old  town  hall,  several  hospitals,  some 
invents,  a  lyceum,  a  gymnasium,  and  other  schools.  Prin- 
jpal  manufactures,  woollen  cloths,  hosiery,  tobacco,  paper, 
lathematical  and  Furgical  instruments,  and  leather.  It  baa 
umerous  distilleries  and  breweries,  and  a  trade  in  corn, 
tittle,  and  wool. 

jLandshut,  a  fortified  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  29  miles 
Ls.W.  of  Liegnitz,  on  a  railway,  and  on  the  Bober.  Pop. 
[317,  chiefly  employed  in  woollen-  and  linen-weaving  and 
leaching. 

I  Landshut,  a  market-town  of  Moravia,  37  miles  S.S.E. 
jf  Briinn,  near  the  March.  Pop.  1970. 
I  Landshut,  a  town  of  Qalicia.  See  Laxcct. 
i  Landskron,  14nds'kr6n,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia, 
Ircle  of  Wadowice,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Cracow.  Pop.  1450. 
I  Landskron,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  37  miles  E.S.E.  of 
jhrudim,  on  the  Sazawa,  and  on  a  railway.  Pop.  5016, 
jbiefly  employed  in  extensive  woollen-cloth-,  linen-,  cot- 
pn-,  and  needle-factories,  and  in  large  bleaching-cstab- 
[sbments. 

[  Landskrona,  linds'kroo^ni,  a  fortified  seaport  town 
tf  South  Sweden,  laen  of  Malmo,  on  the  Sound,  16  miles 
«.E.  of  Copenhagen.  Pop.  9218.  It  has  a  citadel,  a  good 
jiarbor,  and  manufactures  of  leather  and  tobacco.  It  is  the 
[enninus  of  two  railways. 

I  Landsort,  I&nd'sont,  an  island  of  Sweden,  in  the  Baltic, 
sff  the  S.  coast,  laen  of  Stockholm,  lat.  58°  44'  N.,  Ion.  17° 
f2'  E.,  with  a  revolving  light  145  feet  high. 
t  Landstuhl,  l^nt'stool,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Bavaria, 
llistrict  and  16  miles  N.E.  of  Deux-Ponts.  In  early  times 
he  Counts  of  Sickingen,  whose  castle  in  ruina  still  over- 
riangs  the  town,  resided  here.  Pop.  3448. 
I  Landunum,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Laox. 
I  Landvanzierikzee,  Netherlands.  See  Schouwex. 
I  Landwiirden,  or  Landwnhrden,  linfi^iiRM^n,  a 
ifillage  of  Germany,  duchy  of  Oldenburg,  on  the  left  bank 
pf  the  Weser,  S.  of  Bremerhaven.  Pop.  1492. 
[  Lane,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Kansaa,  haa  an 
[area  of  about  720  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  two  rail- 
iroads.  Capital,  Dighton.  Pop.  in  18.S0,  601  ;  in  1890,  2060. 
Lane,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Oregon,  is  bounded 
jon  the  E.  by  the  Cascade  Range  of  mountains,  and  on  the 
iW.  by  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Area,  about  3860  square  miles, 
lit  is  intersected  by  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  and  ia 
'drained  by  the  Willamette  River  and  its  branches,  which 
irise  in  the  E.  part  of  the  county.  These  branches  are  called 
Ithe  Middle  Fork  and  Mackenzie's  Fork.  The  Siuslaw  River 
forms  part  of  the  southern  boundary.  The  surface  is  diver- 
sified with  mountains,  fertile  valleys,  and  extensive  forests. 
iWheat,  oats,  hay,  pork,  lumber,  and  wool  are  the  staple 
iproducts.  Volcanic  rocks  occur  in  the  eastern  part.  Cap- 
'ital,  Eugene.  Pop.  in  1870,  6426 :  in  1880,  9411 :  in  1890, 
115,198. 

I  Lane,  a  post-hamlet  of  De  Witt  co..  111.,  on  the  In- 
jdianapolis,  Bloomington  4  Western  Railroad,  6  miles  E.S.E. 
jof  Clinton. 

i     Lane,  a  township  of  Warrick  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  870. 
j     Lane,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Kansas,  17  miles 
!  8.W.  of  Paola,  and  about  56  miles  S.E.  of  Topeka.     It  has 
I  2  churches. 

•  -    Lane,  a  township  of  Greenwood  co..  Kansaa.   Pop.  667. 
I  Post-offieej,  Lena  Valley,  Shell  Rock,  Kenton,  and  Virgil. 
Lane,  a  post-office  of  Ascension  parish,  La. 


Lane  End,  a  town  of  England,  now  a  part  of  Lo.vgtojt, 

Lane's,  a  station  in  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Attle* 
borough  Branch  of  the  New  Bedford  Railroad,  3  miles  E. 
of  Attleborough. 

Lane's,  a  poat-office  of  Williamsburg  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
Northeastern  Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of  Kingstrec.  Another 
railroad,  14  miles  long,  extends  hence  to  Foreston. 

Lane8boroagh,lanz'bur-ruh,  a  post-village  and  town- 
ship of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  6  miles  N.  of  Pittsfield,  and 
nearly  2  miles  W.  of  the  Pittsfield  <t  North  Adams  Railroad. 
It  baa  4  churches.  Marble  ia  found  in  this  township,  which 
has  also  manufactures  of  iron,  glass,  kc.     Pop.  1357. 

Lanesborough,  a  post- village  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn., 
in  Carrollton  township,  on  Root  River,  and  on  the  Southern 
Minnesota  Railroad,  54  miles  W.  of  La  Crosse,  Wis.,  and 
about  32  miles  S.W.  of  Winona.  It  contains  a  newspaper 
office,  a  bank,  3  churches,  3  flouring-milla,  a  foundry,  and 
a  high  school.     Pop.  about  1200. 

Lanesborough,  a  post-office  of  Anaon  eo.,  N.C.,  in 
Lanesborough  township,  near  Lanesborough  Station  on  the 
Carolina  Central  Railroad,  39  miles  S.E.  of  Charlotte.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1293. 

Lanesborough,  a  post-borough  of  Susquehanna  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad, 
at  a  junction  of  the  Delaware  k  IIudf>on  Railroad,  24  milea 
S.E.  of  Binghamton,  and  10  miles  E.  of  Great  Bend.  It 
baa  a  graded  school,  a  church,  a  foundry,  a  flour-mill,  a 
machine-shop,  and  stone-quarries.     Pop-  in  1890,  876. 

Lane's  Bottom,  a  post-office  of  Webster  co.,  W.  Va. 

Lanesburg,  lanz'burg,  a  township  of  Le  Sueur  co., 
Minn.     Pop.  1340. 

Lane's  (ISnz)  Creek,  North  Carolina,  riaea  in  Uniua 
CO.,  runs  in  a  N.N.E.  direction,  and  enters  Rocky  River  in 
Anson  co. 

Lane's  Creek,  a  poet-township  of  Union  oo.,  N.C., 
about  42  miles  S.S.E.  of  Charlotte.     Pop.  1575. 

Lane's  Island,  a  post-office  of  Cook  co.,  111.,  7^  milet 
from  Blue  Island. 

Lane's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Winston  co.,  Ala. 

Lane's  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-office  of  Maries  co.. 
Mo.,  about  16  miles  N.  of  Rolla. 

Lanesville,  lanz'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Litchfield  co., 
Conn.,  in  New  Milford  township,  on  the  Ilonsatonic  River, 
and  on  the  Ilonsatonic  Railroad,  12^  miles  N.  of  Danbury. 

Lanesville,  a  station  in  Sangamon  co..  III.,  on  the 
Wabash  Railroad,  near  AVheatfield,  and  17  milea  E.  of 
Springfield. 

Lanesville,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.,  about 
10  miles  W.S.W.  of  New  Albany.  It  haa  2  chorohea  and  s 
barrel-factory.     Pop.  157. 

Lanesville,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  in  Glou- 
cester township,  on  a  harbor  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean  called 
Lane's  Cove,  about  34  miles  N.E.  of  Boston.  It  baa  ? 
churches. 

Lanesville,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  N.T. 

Lanesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  King  William  co.,  Vt ,  3 
miles  from  Lester  Manor  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Laney,  law'ne,  a  post-village  of  Shawano  co.,  Wis., 
about  18  miles  N.W.  of  Green  Bay. 

Lanfains,  l&y°'fd.v>',  a  village  of  France,  in  COtea-da- 
Nord,  12  milea  S.S.W.  of  Saint-Brieuc.     Pop.  2287. 

Lang,  a  station  in  Loa  Angeles  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  South- 
ern Pacific  Railroad,  43  milea  N.  of  Los  Angeles. 

Lang,  a  plantation  of  Franklin  co.,  Me.     Pop.  36. 

Lang,  Ontario.     See  Allasdale  Mills. 

Langaza,  lin-g&'zd,  or  Leugaza  (callerl  also  Yen- 
idje,  or  lenidje*  y^n'ee-ji*),  a  lake  of  European  Turkey, 
in  Roumelia,  12  miles  W.  of  Salonica.     Length,  9  miles. 

Langaza,  a  town  of  Turkey  in  Europe,  situated  on  na 
alluvial  plain,  3  miles  N.  of  the  above  lake. 

Lang'don,  a  post-office  in  Peoria  co..  III.,  on  the  Gales- 
burg  &  Peoria  Railroad,  18  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Peoria 

Langdon,  a  post-township  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas.    P.  333. 

Langdon,  a  post- village  of  Washington  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Cottage  Grove  township,  near  the  Mississippi  River,  and 
on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  14  miles 
S.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  a  church,  a  hotel,  a  steam  grist-mill, 
a  grain-elevator,  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Langdon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  eo.,  N.H.,  in 
Langdon  township,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Bellows  Falls,  and 
about  14  milea  S.  of  Claremont.  It  haa  2  churches.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  411. 

Langdon,  Lycoming  co..  Pa.    See  McIxtthe. 

Langdon's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
N.Y.,  3  miles  from  Sandy  llill.     It  has  a  church. 

Langdon's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Jackaon  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  Jefferson,  Madison  Si  Indianapolis  Railroad. 


LAJJ 


1606 


LAN 


Langoao«  lAy^ili&k',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute-Loh-e, 
on  the  Alller,  17  mllc«  S.S.E.  of  Brioude.  Pop.  S»JO.  It 
has  manufaotorien  of  Imo  an4  nuraoriea  of  ailk>worin«. 

Langcais,    lAN«'(h&'    (nnc.   AUngaviat),   a  town   of 
Pranee,  in  In<lro-et-I-K)lro,  13  milea  W^.W.  of  Tours,  on  > 
tbo  ri(?ht  bank  of  the  Loire.     Pop.  1»21. 

Imngeland,  l/lng'9-l*n<<'  (».e.,  "  long  land"),  an  !*!and 
of  Denmark,  in  tho  (Jroat  Helt,  between  Funen  und  Lan- 
land.  It  i«,  as  its  name  implies,  long,  extending  33  miles 
from  N.  to  S.,  by  about  3  miles  in  average  breadth.  Area, 
lOff  square  miles.  Pop.  19,631.  Surfiioo  lerel,  but  slightly 
more  elovatod  than  tho  neighboring  islands.  Corn,  apples, 
flax,  tliubor,  and  cattle  are  produced  for  exportation,  and 
the  fiKherv  is  important.     Principal  town,  Kudkiiibing. 

Lang'cll's  Valley,  a  post-ofiioe  of  Lake  co.,  Oregon. 

Langelsheim,  l&ng'^ls-hlme^  a  town  of  Germany, 
Brunswick,  in  the  Harz,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Qoslar.  Pop. 
2010,  chiefly  ongiigud  in  silver-  and  lead-minos. 

Langemarch,  IJVn'na-manK^  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
West  Flanders,  b  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ypres.     Pop.  6000. 

Tjangen,  l&ng'^n,  a  town  of  Hesse,  province  of  Stark- 
enburg,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Darmstadt.     Pop.  4005. 

Langenargcn,  Ung'^n-aiOg^n,  a  village  of  WUrtem- 
berg,  17  miles  E.  of  Constance.     Pop.  1233. 

Ijangcnau,  l&ng'^n-SwS  a  town  of  Bohemia,  28  miles 
N.E.  of  Lcitmeritz.     Pop.  2200. 

Langenau,  Idng'^n-Sw*,  a  town  of  Germany,  WUrtom- 
berg,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Ulm.     Pop.  3785. 

Langenbach,  l&ng'^n-b&KS  a  village  of  Germany,  in 
Reuss-Oreiz,  near  Qera.     Pop.  1578. 

Langcnbcrg,  )lng'?n-bena*,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
■io,  6  miles  N.  of  Elberfcld.  Pop.  4607.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  cotton,  woollen  cloth,  silk  stuffs,  paper,  Ac. 

Langenbielau,  Prussia.    Seo  Biglau. 

LangenbrUck,  l&ng'^n-briik^  a  village  of  Bohemia, 
8  miles  from  Liebenau.     Pop.  1380. 

Langcn  brack,  a  village  of  Prussia,  province  of  Silesia, 
government  of  Oppeln,  circle  of  Neustadt.     Pop.  2046. 

Langenbriicken,  ling'^n-briik^k^n,  a  village  of  Ger- 
many, in  Baden,  on  the  railway  between  Carlsrnhe  and 
Ileidclberg,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Bruchsal.     Pop.  1442. 

Langenburg,  l4ng'9n-bo5no\  a  village  of  Wlirtem- 
berg,  46  miles  N.E.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1441. 

Langcndenzlingen,  Baden.    Seo  DExzLiirGEN. 

Langendiebach,  l&ng'^n-dee'b&K,  a  village  of  Prus- 
•ia,  in  Uesse-Nassau.     Pop.  1540. 

Langendorf,  ling'^n-donf,  or  WieAvalitz,  ♦e-i- 
^i'lits,  a  village  of  Prussia,  province  of  Silesia,  govern- 
ment of  Oppeln.  circle  of  Tost.     Pop.  2020. 

Langendorf, — O'ber  and  UxTEn  (oon't^r)  Langen- 
DORP  (i.e.,  "Upper  and  Lower  Langendorf"), — two  nearly 
contiguous  villages  of  Austria,  Moravia,  IG  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Olmutz.     Pop.  2200. 

Langendreer,  ling'^n-drAr,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Westphalia,  at  a  railway  junction,  5  miles  E.  of  Bochum. 
Pop.,  with  commune,  6804. 

Liangenes,  ling'^n-Ss^  an  island  of  Sleswick,  off  its 
W.  coast,  2  miles  S.  of  Fohr.     Length,  6  miles. 

Lilngenfcld,  or  Lengenfeld,  ling'^n-ffilt'.  a  town 
of  Lower  Austria,  6  miles  N.  of  Krems.     Pop.  1448. 

Langenhesscn,  14ng'?n-hfis's?n,  a  village  of  Saxony, 
circle  of  Zwickau,  bailiwick  of  Werdau.     Pop.  1279. 

Langenhorn,  ling'§n-hoRn\  a  village  of  Prussia,  30 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Sleswick.     Pop.  2400. 

Langen-Kandel,  a  town  of  Bavaria.    See  Kandel. 

Langenleuba,  ling'^n-loi^bi,  a  village  of  Saxe-Alten- 
burg,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Aitenburg.     Pop.  1590. 

Langenleuba  Oberhain,  ling'?n-loi'bl  o'b?r-hine\ 
a  village  of  Saxony,  20  miles  S.  of  Leipsic.     Pop.  1395. 

Langenlois,  ling'^n-lois',  a  town  of  Austria,  6  miles 
N.E.  of  Krems.     Pop.  3524. 

Langenols,  llng'?n-ols\  two  contiguous  villages  of 
Prussian  Silesia,  government  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  2644. 

Langeusalza,  l&ng'^n-s&lts'sil,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  25  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Erfurt,  on  tho  Salza.  Pop. 
9855.  It  is  enclosed  by  w.alls,  and  has  manufactures  of 
woven  fabrics,  paper,  saltpetre,  and  machinery. 

Langenschwnlbach,  l&ng'^n-shw&rb&ic,  a  town  of 
Nassau,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Wiesbaden.  Pop.  2731.  It  is 
frequented  as  a  watering-place. 

Langenselbold,  ling'^n-sfirbolt,  a  village  of  Prussia, 
in  IIosse-Nassau,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ilanau.     Pop.  3060. 

Langen-Steinbach,  lilng'fn-stine'bilK,  a  village  of 
Baden,  on  the  Bocksbach,  6  miloe  S.E.  of  Carlsruhe,  with 
mineral  springs.     Pop.  1254. 

Langenthal,  l&ng'fn-t&l,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
eantOQ  and  21  miles  N.E.  of  Bern.     Pop.  3353. 


Langenweddingen,  ling'^n-^St'ding-^n,  a  rillag* 
of  Prussia,  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Magdeburg.     Pop.  2797. 

Langenweltzcndorf,  ling'^n-i^ilts'^n-doitr,  a  vil- 
lage of  Germany,  in  Keuss-Schloitz,  on  the  Leubo,  5  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Greitz.     Pop.  2160. 

Langcnzenn,  l&ng'^n-tsjnn^  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in 
Middle  Franconia,  on  the  Zcnn,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Anfpach. 
Pop.  1744.     It  has  manufactures  of  silks,  hosiery,  do. 

Langor*Oog,  lAng'^r-Og',  three  islets  of  Hanover, 
Prussia,  in  the  North  Sea,  opposite  Escns,  which  furinod 
one  island  previous  to  an  inundation  in  1825.     Pop.  16U. 

Langerwehe,  ling'^r-^i'^h  or  14ng'Qr-*i*,  a  town  of 
Bheni.sh  Prussia,  13  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Aix-la-Chapello. 

Lnnge  Store,  a  post-office  of  Gasconade  co..  Mo. 

Langesund,  l&ng'9h-soond\  a  town  of  Norway,  on  a 
small  bay  of  the  Skagor-Raok,  10  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Laurvig, 
with  753  inhabitants,  a  harbor,  and  trade  in  timber. 

Langetricbc,  l&ng'^h-tree'b^h,  or  Dhlniiha-Tre- 
bowa,  dl(Sw'h&-trd.-bo'^&,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  on  a  rail- 
way, about  12  miles  from  Landskron.     Pop.  1250. 

Langevin,  l&No^zh^h-vllNo',  or  Sainte  Justine,  s&>t 
zhiisHecn',  a  post-village  in  Dorchester  co.,  Quebec,  12  mile* 
N.E.  of  Lake  Etchemin.  It  contains  several  mills,  and  a 
large  monastery  of  the  Trappist  Fathers.     Pop.  150. 

Langezwaag,  l&ng'nfh-EwS,g\  a  town  of  the  NethoN 
lands,  Friesland,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Leouwarden.     Pop.  1120. 

Lang'ford,  a  post-office  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  22  miles  S. 
by  E.  of  Buffalo. 

Langford,  a  post-village  in  Brant  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Sage's  Creek,  8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Brantford.     Pop.  120. 

Langhei,  lang'hi,  a  post-township  of  Pope  co.,  Minn. 
Pop.  209. 

Langheim,  or  Gross  Langheim,  groce  l&ng'hime, 
and  Klein  Langheim,  kline  l&ng'hime  (i.e.,  "Grcatand 
Little  Langheim"),  two  nearly  contiguous  villages  of  Bavaria, 
Lower  Franconia,  16  miles  from  Wiirzburg.     Pop.  2470. 

Lnnghirano,  l&n-gbe-r&'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  13 
miles  S.  of  Parma,  on  the  Pai'ma.     Pop.  5731. 

Langholm,  lang'um,  a  borough  of  Scotland,  co.  and 
25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Dumfries,  on  the  Esk  and  flwes  Riven. 
It  is  well  built,  having  near  its  centre  a  market-place,  in 
which  are  the  town  hall  and  jail.  It  has  a  cotton -factory, 
looms  for  woollen  plaid  and  other  fabrics,  some  dye-housei, 
hosiery-works,  2  branch  banks,  and  several  libraries  and 
public  associations.     Pop.  3275. 

Langholm,  l&ng'holm,  one  of  the  islands  in  the  Swedish 
lake  Mielar,  on  which  Stockholm  is  partly  built. 

Lang'horne,  formerly  Attleborough,  at't^l-b&r' 
rub,  a  post-borough  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  i  mile  from  Lang- 
borne  Station  on  the  New  York  k  Philadelphia  New  Line 
Railroad,  and  22  miles  N.E.  of  Philadelpaia.  It  has  3 
churches,  the  Bellevue  Institute  for  young  ladies,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  727. 

Langkavi,  Malay  Peninsula.     See  Lancava. 

Lang-Kee-Tsoong,  or  Lang-Ki-Tsonng, 
llng^-kce^-tsoong',  a  village  of  Thibet,  about  210  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Liissa,  in  a  fertile,  well-cultivated  plain,  sur- 
rounded by  low  wooded  mountains. 

Langlade,  lang-glad',  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of 
Wisconsin.  Area,  876  square  miles.  Capital,  Antigo.  Pop. 
in  1890,  9-165. 

Langley,  lang'l^,  a  post-village  of  Aiken  co.,  S.C.,  on 
the  South  Carolina  R.uilroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Aiken.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  cotton-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  671. 

Langley,  a  post-village  of  British  Columbia,  on  the 
Fraser  River,  15  miles  from  New  Westminster.  It  con- 
tains 2  churches,  a  public  school,  2  stores,  and  a  manufac- 
tory of  barrels.  The  steamer  plying  between  New  West- 
minster and  Yale  calls  here  every  trip.  Langley  is  tho 
centre  of  an  extensive  agricultural  settlement.     Pop.  200. 

Langley  Island,  or  Little  Miquelon  (Fr.  Lnnfj- 
lade,  14ngMid',  or  Petite  Miquelon,  p?-teet'  mee'k^h-lft.v'), 
an  island  S.  of  Newfoundland,  now  connected  to  the  French 
island  of  Miquelon  by  a  long,  narrow,  and  sandy  isthmus, 
formed  since  1783.     It  is  24  miles  in  circumference. 

Langley  Point,  on  the  S.  coast  of  England,  co.  of 
Sussex,  extends  between  Pevenscy  Bay  and  Beachy  Head. 

Langloan,  lang-lSn',  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Lan- 
ark, 8  miles  E.  of  Glasgow,  now  a  part  of  Coatbridge. 

Langnan,  ling'now,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  16  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Bern,  in  the  Emmenthal,  oi 
which  valley  it  is  the  principal  mart.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  cheese,  thread,  and  of  wooden  houses,  which  are 
exported.     Pop.  6214. 

Langnau,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  6  milef 
S.  of  Zurich,  on  the  Sihl.     Pop.  1383. 

Langobriga,  the  ancient  name  of  Feira. 


LiN 


1607 


LAN 


^. 


Langoen,  l&ng'o'§n,  the  most  N.  of  the  Loffoden  Islands, 
off  the  N.W.  coast  of  Norway.     Length,  35  miles. 

Langogne,  l6N°'gon'  (anc.  Lango'niat),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Lozere,  on  the  Allien,  27  miles  N.E.  of  Mende. 
It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  serge,  <fcc.  Pop.  3228. 

Langoiran,  Ifi.v'gwi'rfi.N-"',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Gironde,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Bordeaux,     Pop.  1391. 

Lango'la,a  township  of  Benton  oo.,  Minn.,  on  the  Mis- 
gissippi  River,  about  20  miles  N,  of  St.  Cloud.     Pop.  93. 

Langollen,  a  town  of  Wales.    See  Llangollen, 

Langon,lftN»'g6x'''  (anc.  Alin'go),  a  town  and  river-port 
of  France,  in  Gironde,  29  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Bordeaux, 
on  the  Garonne.  Pop.  3903.  It  has  tanneries  and  manu- 
factures of  brandy  and  excellent  wine. 

Langonnet,  Ifixo'gon'ni',  a  town  of  France,  in  Mor- 
bihan,  25  miles  W.  of  Pontivy.     Pop.  of  commune,  4024. 

Langosco,  lin-gos'ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  near  Mortara. 
Pop.  1838. 

Lang'port,  a  town  of  England,  oo,  of  Somerset,  on  a 
railway,  and  on  the  Parret,  32  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bath,  It 
has  an  old  church  and  a  grammar-school.      Pop.  1018. 

LangreS)  I6s»'r  (anc.  Andematu'num,  afterwards  Lin'- 
gonea),  a  fortified  town  of  France,  in  Haute-Marne,  capital 
of  an  arrondissoment,  near  the  source  of  the  Marne,  21 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Chaumont.  Pop.  9488,  It  stands  on  a 
scarped  mountain,  14fiO  feet  in  elevation,  and  is  one  of  the 
highest  towns  in  France,  It  has  a  cathedral  of  great  an- 
tiquity, a  Roman  arch,  a  town  hall,  public  library,  several 
hospitals,  a  fine  public  promenade  and  fountain,  a  tribunal 
«f  commerce,  a  school  of  geometry,  <fcc.  It  is  a  seat  of  the 
manufacture  of  fine  cutlery,  and  is  a  bishop's  see.  A  great 
number  of  Roman  remains  have  been  found  here. 

Langrune-8ur-Mer,  16N»'griin'-suR-maiB  (L.  Lan- 
ro'nia),  a  seaport  town  of  France,  in  Calvados,  10  miles 

,  of  Caen,  on  the  English  Channel.     Pop.  1045. 

Lang's,  a  township  of  Darlington  co,,  S.C.    Pop.  1214. 

Lang'side,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilkinson  eo.,  Miss.,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  20  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Woodville. 

Lang'staff,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  2i  miles 
from  Richmond  Hill.     Pop.  125. 

Lang'ston,  a  township  of  England,  co.  of  Hants,  at 
the  head  of  Langston  Harbor,  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  between 
Portsea  and  Hayling  Islands.     See  Poutsea. 

Lang'ston,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Tennessee  River,  about  35  miles  E.S.E.  of  Huntsville. 

Langston,  a  post-village  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Pine  township,  10  miles  N.  of  Greenville.  It  has  mineral 
springs  and  several  lumber-mills. 

Langs'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Meigs  eo.,  0.,  in  Rut- 
land township,  54  miles  E.S.E.  of  Chillicothe,  and  9  miles 
from  the  Ohio  River.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
saw-mill. 

Languedoc,  l6N"'gh?h-dok'  (anc.  Narhonen'sii  Pri'- 
ma),  an  extensive  and  beautiful  province  of  France,  now 
forming  the  departments  of  Aude,  Tarn,  Herault,  Lozfire, 
Ard^che,  and  Gard,  as  well  as  the  arrondissements  of 
Toulouse  and  Villefranche  in  the  department  of  Haute- 
Garonne,  and  the  arrondissements  of  Puy  and  Yssingeaux  in 
the  department  of  Haute-Loire.  Under  the  Romans  it  was 
(>ne  of  the  seven  provinces  of  Gaul  which  had  the  freedom 
of  Italy.  The  Goths  obtained  a  grant  of  it  from  the  Em- 
peror Honorius,  and  retained  possession  of  it  for  nearly  two 
centuries.  The  Saracens  afterwards  became  its  masters, 
but  were  expelled  by  Charles  Martel  in  725.  From  the 
Counts  of  Toulouse  it  passed  to  Philip  the  Bold,  and  was 
finally  united  to  the  French  crown  in  1361.  The  Canal  of 
Languedoc,  or  du  Midi  (dii  meeMeo'),  commences  in  the 
Garonne,  near  Toulouse,  and  terminates  in  the  Etang  de 
A'hau,  in  the  Mediterranean.     Length,  153  miles. 

Languidic,  l6s«^gheeMeek',  a  town  of  France,  in  Mor- 
bihan,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Lorient.     Pop.  760. 

L'Anguille,  lang'geel',  a  station  of  Cross  co.,  Ark., 
on  the  Memphis  &  Little  Rock  Railroad,  51  miles  S.W. 
of  Memphis. 

Lang'worthy,  a  post-village  in  Wayne  township,  Jones 
•0.,  Iowa,  on  the  Dubuque  <k  Southwestern  Railroad,  46 
miles  S.W.  of  Dubuque,  and  7  miles  N.  of  Anamosa.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  clieese-factory. 

Lanham,  a  town  of  England.    See  Latesham. 

Lan'ham's,  a  station  in  Prince  George's  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Baltimore  k  Potomac  Railroad,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Wash- 
ington, D.C. 

Lnnho,  lin'ho',  a  river  of  China,  rises  in  the  Mountains 
of  In-Shan,  in  Mongolia,  and  falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Pe- 
Chee-Le,  after  a  course  of  about  300  miles.     In  the  upper 
part  it  bears  the  name  of  Shantoo. 
.  Laniacum,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Laqnt. 


Lanier,  lg,-neer'.  a  township  of  Preble  co.,  0.  Pop.  1634. 
It  contains  Enterprise  and  part  of  West  Alexandria. 

Lanier,  a  post-office  of  Cass  co.,  Tex.,  11  miles  N.  of 
Jefferson. 

Laniscat,  li'nees'ki',  a  village  of  France,  in  Cfltes- 
du-Nord,  17  miles  W.N.W.  of  Loudfiae.     Pop.  1502. 

Lanjaron,  lin-ni-ron',  a  market-town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  26  miles  S.E.  of  Granada,  on  the  S.  declivity  of 
the  Sierra  Nevada.     Pop.  3408. 

Lankeran,  Ijln-kd-rin',  or  Len^koran',  a  town  of 
Russian  Transcaucasia,  on  the  Caspian  Sea,  40  miles  S.  of 
the  mouth  of  the  Koor.     Pop.  5320. 

Lank'ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Md.,  5^  milos 
W.  of  Chestertown.     It  has  about  6  houses. 

Lannemezan,  linn'm§h-z6N«',  a  town  of  France, 
in  IIautes-Pyr6n6es,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Tarbes.     Pop.  1602. 

Lannepax,  lin'n?h-pi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gcrs,  13 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Condom.     Pop.  1552. 

Lanniles,  lAn^neel',  a  town  of  France,  in  FinistSre,  13 
miles  N.  of  Brest.     Pop.  1149. 

Lannion,  lin*ne-6N»'  (anc.  La'niumf),  a  town  and 
river-port  of  France,  in  Cotes-du-Nord,  on  the  Guer,  6 
miles  from  the  English  Channel,  and  40  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Saint- Brieuc.  Pop.  6115.  It  has  a  harbor  bordered  by  a 
spacious  quay,  a  parish  church  of  the  twelfth  century,  a 
communal  college,  barracks,  hospitals,  and  manufactures  of 
linen  fabrics,  cutlerj',  paper,  and  leather. 

Lannoy,  lin^nwi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  7  miloa 
E.N.E.  of  Lille.     Pop.  1904. 

Lanoraie,  li-no-ri',  a  post- village  in  Berthier  co.,  Que- 
bec, on  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  41  miles  N.E.  of  Montreal. 
It  has  several  stores  and  mills,  and  a  considerable  trade  in 
flour,  grain,  and  cordwood.  A  railroad  connects  Lanoraie 
with  Joliette.     Pop.  600. 

La  Nouaille,  14  noo^il',  a  village  of  France,  in  Creuse, 
9  miles  S.W.  of  Aubusson.     Pop.  1574. 

Lanrivain,  16N"VeeVilLN"',  a  village  of  France,  in  Cdtes- 
du-Nord,  14  miles  S.  of  Guingamp.     Pop.  1586. 

Lansdale,  or  Landsdale,  lanz'dal,  a  post-borough 
of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Bethlehem  Branch  of  the 
Philadelphia  <fc  Reading  Railroad,  22  miles  N.  of  Phila- 
delphia. It  has  a  national  bank  and  a  trust  company,  6 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  agricultural  machines,  shoes, 
shirts,  sash  and  doors,  stoves,  iron  and  brass  products,  Ac. 
Two  newspapers  are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1858. 

Lans'down,  an  elevated  tract  of  land  in  England, 
CO.  of  Somerset,  2i  miles  N.W.  of  Bath.  It  is  noted  for  its 
breed  of  sheep. 

Lansdowne,  lanz'down,  a  station  on  the  West  Chester 
<fc  Philadelphia  Railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Lansdowne,  Virginia.    See  Landsdown. 

Lansdowne,  a  post-village  in  Leeds  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  146  miles  W.  of  Montreal.  It 
has  6  stores,  2  hotels,  and  a  steam  saw-mill.     Pop.  250. 

L'Anse,  lanss  (the  French  for  "bay"  or  "creek"),  a 
post-village,  capital  of  Bar.aga  co.,  Mich.,  is  at  the  head  or 
S.  end  of  Keweenaw  Bay,  63  miles  by  railroad  W.N.W. 
of  Marquette.  It  is  a  terminus  of  the  Marquette,  Houghton 
&  Ontonagon  Railroad,  which  connects  here  with  a  line  of 
steamboats.  Iron,  lumber,  fish,  and  slate  are  the  chief  arti- 
cles of  export.  It  has  an  iron  dock,  a  bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  slate-quarry,  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  2 
saw-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  665;  of  L'Anse  township,  1468. 

L'Anse  h  Giles,  l&xss  &  zheel,  a  post-village  in  L'Islet 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  on  the 
Grand  Trunk  Railway,  59  miles  E.  of  Quebec.    Pop.  250. 

L'Anse  a  l'£au,  I5.vss  4  lo,  a  picturesque  little  har- 
bor near  Tadousac,  and  the  entrance  to  the  Saguenay  River. 
It  contains  a  custom-house,  a  post-office,  a  store,  and  a  saw- 
mill, and  is  the  landing-place  of  the  steamers  plying  b«>- 
tween  Quebec  and  Ha  Ha  Bay. 

L'Anse  aux  Griffons.    See  Griffin's  Cove. 

Lansford,  lanz'ford,  a  post-borough  of  Carbon  co..  Pa., 
on  the  railroad  between  Mauch  Chunk  and  Tamaqua,  about 
6  miles  N.E.  of  Tamaqua.  It  is  mainly  supported  by  coal- 
mining, and  has  several  churches  and  coal-breakers,  a  foun- 
dry, a  machine-shop,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  4004. 

Lan'sing,  a  post-village  of  Cook  co.,  III.,  on  the  Pitts- 
burg, Cincinnati,  Chicago  <t  St.  Louis  Railroad,  27  miles 
S.  of  Chicago.  It  has  4  churches,  4  brick-yards,  a  hay- 
press,  a  Bour-crout  factory,  <te.     Pop.  about  600. 

Lansing,  a  flourishing  city  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Lansing  township,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  tho 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  81  miles  N.N.W, 
of  Dubuque,  14  miles  (direct)  E.N.E.  of  Waukon,  and  40 
miles  S.  of  La  Crosse,  Wis.  It  has  6  churches,  a  national 
bank,   a  savings-bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  a  largi* 


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1608 


LAP 


union  school;  aUo  nanufacturrs  of  8<u<h,  door*,  and  blinds, 
ploughs,  grain-oradles,  wngons,  <io.  It  is  an  important 
iuark«t  fur  grain.     Tup.  in  189U,  IMS. 

Lansinf ,  a  post-hHmlet  in  Delaware  (ownship,  Leaven- 
worth 00.,  Kantw,  on  the  Kansas  Paoiflo  Railroud,  at  Peni- 
tentiary Station,  6  utiles  S.  of  Leavenworth.  It  hn8  niiinu- 
■  faeturea  of  wagons  and  boots  and  shoes.  Pop.  in  18*J0,  4847. 
Here  ia  the  state  prison. 

Lansing)  a  city,  the  oapital  of  Michigan,  is  situated 
in  Ingham  co.,  on  Grand  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Cedar 
Kivcr,  85  miles  W.N.W.  of  Detroit,  37  miles  N.  of  Juckson, 
208  miles  K.N.K.  of  Chicago,  and  72  miles  E.S.E.  of  Orand 
Rapids.  Lat.  42°  46'  N. ;  Ion.  84°  32'  W.  It  is  on  the 
Detroit,  Lansing  A  Northern  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Chicago  A  Grand  Trunk  Railroad  and  the  Jackson,  Lan- 
sing A  Saginaw  Railroad,  and  is  the  N.  terminus  of  a 
branch  of  the  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  connecting 
with  the  main  line  at  Jonosville.  ltd  s^ite  whs  covered 
with  forext!  when  the  seat  of  government  was  located 
here  in  1847.  Lansing  contains  a  beautiful  state-house,  15 
churches,  the  state  library  of  40,000  volumes,  3  state  banks, 
2  savings-blinks,  a  high  school,  the  state  reform  school,  the 
Michigan  State  Agricultural  College,  an  opera-hou^e,  and 
nmnufiictures  of  ilour,  lumber,  bricks,  barrels,  artificial 
stone,  Sttiih,  doors,  blinds,  stoves,  agricultural  implements, 
wagons,  knit-goods,  Ac.  Ten  weekly  and  2  daily  news- 
papers are  published  here.  Iiansing  was  incorporated  as  a 
city  in  18oi».  Pop.  in  1860,  8074;  in  1870,  5241 ;  in  1880, 
8319;  in  1890,  13,102. 

Lansing,  a  post-village  of  Mower  co.,  Minn.,  in  Lan- 
sing township,  on  Red  Cedar  River,  and  on  tho  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  A  Saint  Paul  Railroad,  A  miles  N.  of  Austin. 
It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  tho  township,  765. 

Lansing,  a  post-oflSce  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y. 

Lansing,  a  fertile  and  beautiful  township  of  Tompkins 
00.,  N.Y.,  contains  Ludlowvillo  and  Lansingvillo,  and  lies 
on  the  £.  side  of  Cayuga  Lake.     Pop.  2960. 

Lansing,  a  post-office  of  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  45  miles  N.  of 
Lock  Haven. 

Lansing,  a  post-rillage  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  4)  miles 
N.E.  of  Woston.     Pop.  150. 

Lnn'singburg,  a  post-town  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Lansingburg  township,  on  tho  E.  bank  of  the  Hudson  River, 
opposite  Waterford,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  bridge, 
and  on  the  TroT  &  Boston  Ra.ilroad,  10  miles  above  Albany, 
and  3i  miles  W.  of  Troy.  It  contains  1 1  churches,  the  Lan- 
singburg  Academy,  an  Augustinian  priory,  a  national  bank, 
a  private  bank,  and  2  newspaper  offices.  Here  are  o.xten- 
sive  manufactures  of  brushes,  oil-cloth,  Ac.  Sloops  can 
ascend  the  river  to  this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  10,550. 

Lan'singvillc,  a  village  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Hamdeu  township,  on  the  Delaware  River,  2  miles  above 
Hamden.     Pop.  110. 

Lansingville,  a  small  post-rillage  of  Tompkins  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Lansing  township,  about  25  miles  S.  of  Auburn. 
It  has  a  church. 

Lans-le«Bonrg,  l&N«^-l?b-booR',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Savoy,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Mont  Cenis.     Pop.  1470. 

Lant,  a  township  of  Eau  Claire  co..  Wis.     Pop.  321. 

Lnntndilla,  liu-ti-Decl'yl,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Leon, 
24  miles  N.N.E.  of  Palencia,  on  tho  Pisuorga.     Pop.  1040. 

Lantao,  l&n-t&'o  or  l&n-tow',  or  Lintao,  leen-t&'o 
(Chinese,  Taiho,  ti^ho'),  an  island  of  China,  at  the  mouth 
of  tho  Canton  River,  17  miles  E.  of  Macao,  and  1  mile  from 
tho  mainland.  It  is  long,  narrow,  and  mountainous,  with 
numerous  bays  and  headlands.  Tr-Uo  or  Taiho  village  is 
on  its  N.W.  coast. 

Lantar,  Indian  Ocean.    See  Lontar. 

Lantchang,  a  city  of  Asia.    See  LAycHAxo. 

Lau-Tchou,orLan>Tcheou-roo.  SeeLAN-Ciioo. 

Lnntenic,  li.v'tiitn',  a  river  of  France,  rises  near  the 
frontier  of  Vosges,  flows  S.W.  33  miles,  and  joins  tho  Siidne. 

Lan-Thsang-Kinng,  arivorof  Asia.  See  Me-Koxq. 

Lantosque,  l&n-tosk',  or  Lantosca,  lAn-tos'kA,  a 
town  of  France,  in  Alpes-Maritimos,  20  miles  N.  of  Nice. 
Pop.  2232. 

]<antshnng,  a  town  of  Asia.    See  Lanchang. 

Lnnt'wit  or  Liantwit  .Mayor,  a  town  of  Wales,  co. 
of  Glamorgan,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Cowbridge.  In  the  church- 
yard are  2  crosses,  with  a  curious  inscription  to  the  memory 
of  Sampson,  Archbishop  of  Dol.     Pop.  of  parish,  1097. 

Lantz  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shenandoah  co.,  Va.,  2 
miles  from  Edonburg  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Lanusei,  li-noo-sd'cc,  a  town  of  Sardinia,  57  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  2487. 

Lanvollon,  IA.v>Vori6N*',  a  town  of  France,  in  C6te8- 
du-Nord,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Saint-Brieuc     Pop.  1719. 


Lanxaron,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Lanjarox. 

Lanxarote,  l&n-s&-ro't&,  or  Lanccro'ta,  the  mott 
N.K.  of  the  Canaries.  Area,  about  300  square  miles.  Pop. 
17,600.  In  its  centre  it  rises  to  2000  feet  in  clovatinn,  and  ' 
at  its  W.  end  is  a  high  volcano.  It  is  scantily  wati'iwl,  bi  ■, 
yields  the  finest  wine  and  grapes  in  the  CmiaricK ;  otli< 
pro<luets  are  barilla  and  archil.  On  its  S.K.  cuaxt  is  tLu 
town  of  Arecife,  S.  of  Teguise,  the  oapital  of  tho  islaiii. 

Lanzo,  l&n'zo  (L.  Lnu'cium),  a  town  of  Italy,  in  IMwl. 
mont,  18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Turin,  on  tho  Stura.  Pop.  2623, 
It  has  smelting-works  and  manufactures  of  nails  and  iron 
goods.     In  its  district  are  mines  of  iron  and  copper, 

Lao,  a  river  of  Italy.     See  Laixo. 

Laodicen,  Asia  Minor.     See  Esker  IIissar. 

Laodicea  ad  Mare,  the  ancient  name  of  Latakika. 

Iwiodicca  Conibnsta,  the  ancient  name  of  LAniK. 

Laon,  l&'6.v>' (anc.  Hi'brax  Siietfio'niim  f  Landu'itumt), 
a  city  of  Franco,  capital  of  the  department  of  Aisne,  86 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Paris.     Pop.  12,036.     It  is  enclosed 
by  old  massive  walls,  and  placed  on  an  isolated  hill  crowned 
by  a  fine  Gothic  cathedral.     It  contains  also  a  valuable  | 
library,  a  museum  of  art  and  antiquities,  a  remnrkablt 
loaning  tower,  the  town  hall,  a  citadel,  2  hospitals,  large 
barracks,  a  theatre,  a  communal  college,  a  workhouse,  and 
the  tower  of  Queen  Brunhilda.     Under  tho  French  kings  of  j 
tho  first  and  second  races,  Laon  was  a  place  of  impoitanoo, 
and  it  remained  the  lost  possession  of  tho  Carlovingian 
dynasty  under  Louis  V.,  thp  foundations  of  whoso  massive  j 
castle  still  remain.     It  has  manufactures  of  hats,  coarse  | 
cloth,  leather,  pumps,  sugar,  &c.;  and  in  its  vicinity  arena* 
morous  vineyards.  In  1411  it  was  taken  by  the  Duke  of  Bur- 
gundy, and  in  1419  it  was  taken  by  tho  English,  who  wers 
expelled  from  it  in  1429.     In  1594  it  was  taken  by  siege  by 
Henry  IV.     Bonaparte  sustained  a  defeat  here  in  1814. 

Lao'na,  a  township  of  Winnebago  co.,  III.,  about  22 
miles  N.W.  of  Rockford.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  742. 

Laona,  a  post-office  of  Gage  co..  Neb.,  about  30  milei 
S.S.E.  of  Lincoln.  ' 

Laona,  a  post-village  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Dunkirk,  Alleghany  Valley  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  6  wiles 
S.  of  Dunkirk.  It  has  1  or  2  churches,  a  tannery,  a  cheese- 
factory,  a  grist-mill,  and  several  saw-mills.     Pop.  218. 

Laos,  l&'oce,  a  country  of  Southeastern  Asia,  occupying 
the  centre  of  the  peninsula  of  Indo-China,  surrounded  by 
the  Burmese  and  Siamese  dominions,  Cambodia,  Tonquin, 
and  the  Chinese  province  Yun-Nan.  Its  boundaries  and 
area  are  wholly  unknown  to  Europeans;  its  population  has 
been  estimated  at  a  million.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Menam 
and  Mo-Kong  Rivers,  and  is  reported  to  have  a  fertile 
soil  and  to  be  thinly  peopled,  its  inhabitants  living  mostly 
in  migratory  hordes.  Its  products  comprise  rice,  tobacco, 
sugar-cane,  indigo,  benzoin,  lac,  and  other  gums,  betel, 
numerous  fruits,  teak,  sapan,  and  sandal  woods,  elephants, 
and  draught-cattle,  with  iron,  lead,  copper,  gold,  and  silver. 
Silk  and  cotton  fabrics,  paper  from  bark,  leather,  sugar,  and 
gunpowder  are  manufactured,  and  tho  natives  are  ingcnioas 
as  workers  in  metals,  mat-makers,  embroiderers,  and  potters. 
The  trade  with  Tonquin  appears  to  bo  extensive :  of  late 
there  has  been  a  growing  trade  with  Maulmain  and  the 
Tenasserim  provinces,  whence  British  cotton  and  woollen 
goods  are  introduced.  An  independent  kingdom  is  said  to 
exist  hero,  but  the  outlying  tribes  are  tributary  to  their 
more  powerful  neighbors.  In  habits,  customs,  religion,  and 
languages  the  Laos  resemble  the  Burmese.  They  arc  noted 
for  honesty  and  morality.     Chief  town,  Xieng-Mai. 

La  Ot'to,  a  post-village  of  Noble  co.,  Ind.,  in  Swan 
township,  on  the  Grand  Rapids  A  Indiana  Railroad  where 
it  crosses  the  Eel  River  Railroad,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Auburn, 
and  15  miles  N.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  has  2  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  furniture  and  lumber. 

La  Pacaudidre,  li  p4'koMe-aiu',  a  town  of  France 
in  Loire,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Roanne.     Pop.  2114. 

La'pak,  one  of  the  Sooloo  Islands.  Lat.  6°  35'  N.; 
Ion.  121°  E. 

La  Pa'la,  a  township  of  San  Diego  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  120. 

La  Palud,  I&  r&MU',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vauclusc,  13 
miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Orange.     Pop.  1850. 

Lapat'cong,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  lies  on 
tho  Delaware  River.     Pop.  1150. 

La  Paz,  1&  p&z,  the  capital  of  Bolivia  and  of  a  depart- 
ment of  its  own  name,  is  situated  in  lat.  16°  30'  N.,  Ion. 
08°  10'  W.,  at  an  elevation  of  12,226  feet.  Pop.  76,372, 
mostly  Indians.  It  is  a  bishop's  sco,  and  has  religious  es- 
tablishments with  considerable  revenue,  and  ranks  as  • 
place  of  wealth  and  importance,  being  an  entrepdt  for  Para- 
guay tea,  gold,  bark,  and  European  goods.  A  railway  con- 
nects it  with  Lake  Titioooa.     Elevation,  1 1,972  English  feet. 


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La  I'az,  a  department  of  Bolivia,  mostly  between  lat. 
ji"  and  18°  S.  and  Ion.  (57°  and  70°  W.,  having  South 
Peru  and  Lake  Titicaca  on  the  W.  P]stiraated  area,  nearly 
l*,000  square  miles,  and  population  447,822.     It  is  trav- 

rsed  by  the  Cordillera  of  the  Andes,  containing  Illimani 
Ind  Sorata. 

I  I,a  Paz>  19.  plii,  a  town  of  Mexico,  capital  of  Lower 
Balifornia,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Bay  of  La  Paz,  near  its 

ead.  Lat.  24"  10'  9"  N. ;  Ion.  110°  19'  5:j"  W.  It  is  well 
Lid  out,  and  pleasantly  situated  on  a  small  and  secure  har- 
»or,  suitable  for  large  Bhiy)8.  It  has  a  church,  a  govcrn- 
bent  house,  and  a  town  house.  It  is  supported  by  a  pearl- 
lahcry,  silver-mining,  and  commerce.  Pop.  3000. 
I  La  Paz»  a  former  post-village  of  Yuma  co.,  Arizona,  on 

ihe  E.  bank  of  the  Colorado  River.  The  river  is  navigable 
or  steamboats  above  and  below  this  place.  Gold  is  found 
lere.  Pop.  254. 
La  Paz,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Caltimoro  &  Ohio  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of  Walkerton  June- 
lion,  81  miles  B.  by  8.  of  Chicago,  and  8  miles  N.  of  Ply- 
Inouth.  It  has  2  churches  amd  a  lumber-mill, 
j  Lapeer,  la-peer',  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Michi- 
Itan,  has  an  area  of  666  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
jbranches  of  Flint  River,  which  rise  in  it,  and  by  Belle 
River  and  Mill  Creek.  'Ihe  surface  is  undulating,  and  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests  of  pine,  oak,  sugar-mnple,  and 
pther  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay, 
bats,  butter,  lumber,  and  wool  are  the  staple  products.  This 
•county  is  intersected  by  the  Flint  <t  Pere  Marquette  Rail- 
iroad,  the  Pontiac,  Oxford  &  Northern  Railroad,  the  Chicago 
&  Grand  Trunk  Riiilroad,  and  the  Michigan  Central  Rail- 
road, the  latter  two  of  which  pass  through  Lapeer,  the  capi- 
tal.   Pop.  in  1870,  2I,.S45;  in  1880,  ao,ia8;  in  1890,29,213. 

Lapeer,  a  post-office  of  Douglas  co.,  Kansas,  about  22 
miles  S.E.  of  Topeka. 

Lapeer,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.,  in  a 
township  of  the  same  name,  on  the  Flint  River,  and  on  the 
Detroit  &  Bay  City  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Chicago 
&  Lake  Huron  Railroad,  60  miles  N.  of  Detroit,  50  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Bay  City,  and  20  miles  E.  of  Flint.  It  has  6 
churches,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  high  school,  an  elevator,  superior  hotels,  2  flour- 
ling-mills,  3  lumber-mills,  a  machine-shop,  brick-  and  tile- 

orks,  handle  works,  and    manufactures  of  engines  and 

indmiils.    Pop.  in  1890,  2753;  of  the  township,  exclnsive 

"  the  town,  957. 

Lapeer,  a  post-township  of  Cortland  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
miles  E.  of  Ithaca.     It  contains  2  churches.     Pop.  724. 

La  Perouse,  islands  and  strait.     See  Peiiousk. 

La  Petite-Pierre,  li  p^h-tcet'-pe-ain',  or  LUtzel- 
tein,  liit'z^l-stine,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  in  the 
"osges  Mountains,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Zabern.     Pop.  1025. 

Lapeza,  l&-p^'thil,  a  town   of  Spain,  in   Andalusia, 
brovince  and  24  miles  from  Granada. 
I    Lapham's  (lap'amz)  Mills,  a  station  of  Clinton  co., 
iN.Y.,  on  the  Au  Sable  Branch  of  the  New  York  &  Canada 
iRailroad,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Plattsburg. 
1    Laphamville,  Kent  co.,  Mich.    See  Kockkoud. 
I    Laphun  Xai,  a  town  of  Siara,  capital  of  a  small  Laos 
Istate,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Menam,  15  miles  S.  of  Xieng- 
Mai.     Pop.  12,000. 

La  Picardie,  the  French  for  Picardt. 

Lapidici  Campi,  France.    See  La  Chau. 

Lap'idum,  a  post- village  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Susquehanna  River,  1  mile  from  Port  Deposit,  and  about 
i36  miles  N.E.  of  Baltimore.  Fine  granite  is  quarried  near 
iit.    It  has  a  church. 

I'  JLa  Pierre,  Ik  po-aiu',  an  islet  of  the  English  Channel, 
off  the  coast  of  the  French  department  of  Ille-ct-Vilaino,  13 
miles  N.E.  of  Saint-Malo.  It  is  defended  by  a  fort. 
La  Pigeonni^re,  li  pce'zh6n'nee-aiii',  also  called 
jSaint  Michel  Archange,  s4n»  mee'shSr  an'kfixzh',  a 
(post-vilhige  in  Napierville  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Grand  Trunk 
jRailway  (Champlain  division),  25  miles  8.  of  Montreal,  It 
ioontains  6  or  6  stores,  2  hotels,  a  telegraph  office,  and  a 
church.     Pop.  600. 

Lapile,  li-peel',  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co..  Ark.,  15 
miles  from  Hillsborough.     It  has  a  drug-store. 

Lapio,  lS,'pc-o,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Avellino,  13 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Sant'  Angclo  dei  Lombardi.     Pop.  2324. 
Lapis  Populi,  supposed  Latin  name  of  Foi.kkstosb. 
La  Place,  la  piass,  a  post-office  of  Macon  co.,  Ala. 
I     La  Place,  a  post-village  of  Piatt  co..  III.,  in  Cerro  Gordo 
township,  on  the  Indiana  <fc  Illinois  Ccnifral  Railroad,  14 
miles  E.  of  Decatur.     It  has  2  churches. 
La  Place,  \k  jiliss,  post-office,  St.  Martin's  parish,  La. 
La  Placilla  de  Caracole*.    See  Cara.cole8. 
102 


Lapland ,  lap'land  (native,  Sumcanda,  sl-me-ln'd4 ;  Sw. 
Lnppmark,  linp'malik  ;  Russ.  Luplandiia,  lip-lAn'de-y4*  ; 
Fr.  Laponie,  Ift^po'nce' ;  L.  Lappo'nia),  an  extensive  terri- 
tory in  the  N.  of  Europe,  between  lat.  64°  and  71°  N., 
reaching  from  the  shores  of  Norway  E.  to  the  White  Sea. 
Area,  about  130,000  square  miles,  of  which  more  than  a 
half,  situated  E.  of  the  Torned  and  its  tributary  Muonio, 
belongs  to  Russia,  and  the  remainder  is  shared,  in  nearly 
equal  proportions,  between  Sweden  and  Norway,  Of  the 
Russian  part,  one-half  belongs  to  Finland.  Lapland  is,  ac- 
cordingly, not  the  name  of  any  political  division.  Both 
from  geographical  position  and  from  physical  conformation, 
Lapland  is  one  of  the  most  forbidding  regions  of  the  globe, 
consisting  either  of  rugged  mountains,  some  of  them  cov- 
ered with  per[)etual  snow,  or  of  vast  monotonous  tracts  of 
moorland  wastes.  This  extensive  territory  appears  to  have 
been  at  one  time  wholly  oocujjiod  by  the  people  i-o  whom  it 
owes  its  name ;  but  its  S.  and  better  portions  liavo  been 
gradually  encroached  upon  by  Norwegians,  Swedes,  and 
Finlandcrs,  till  the  Laplanders  proper  have  in  a  great 
measure  been  cooped  up  within  the  Arctic  Circle.  There 
they  retain  their  distinctive  features  and  ancient  customs, 
and  find  ample  sofjpo  to  follow  their  favorite  modes  of  life, 
either  as  Mountain  Laplanders,  loading  a  nomadic  life  and 
pasturing  largo  reindeer  herds,  or  as  Shore  Laplanders,  who 
reside  upon  the  coast  and  subsist  chiefly  by  fishing.  The 
Lapps  speak  a  language  allied  to  that  of  the  Finns;  but 
between  the  two  nations  there  is  a  traditional  dislike,  the 
result  of  ages  of  hostility.  The  chief  characteristics  of  the 
Lapps  are — low  stature,  seldom  exceeding  4  feet  9  inches  in 
height ;  great  muscular  power,  exhibited  both  in  their  agility 
and  in  a  strength  of  arm  enabling  them  to  bend  a  bow 
which  an  ordinary  Norwegian  could  not  draw  (although 
they  soon  tiro  of  hard  exertion);  a  large  head;  dark, 
long,  and  glossy  hair ;  small  brown  eyes,  obliquely  placed ; 
wide  mouth,  with  ill-defined  lips;  a  scanty  board;  and  a 
skin  of  a  yellow,  dingy  hue.  The  Laplanders  are  not  de- 
ficient either  in  intellectual  or  in  moral  capacity.  They  are 
simple-hearted,  hospitable,  and  apparently  inclined,  as  far 
as  their  knowledge  goes,  to  practise  the  duties  of  Chris- 
tianity, which  they  all  profess,  under  the  form  of  Lutheran- 
ism  in  Norway  and  Sweden,  and  that  of  the  Greek  Church 
in  Russia.  The  greatest  exceptions  to  this  practice  are  fond- 
ness for  ardent  spirits  and  the  excessive  use  of  tobacco. 
The  number  of  full-blooded  Laplanders  is  not  supposed  to 
exceed  32,000.     Probably  one-fifth  of  them  are  nomadic, 

Adj.  LAp'pisn,  LAP'LANDisn,  and  Lapponian,  lap-po'- 

ne-an (poetical);  inhab.  Lap'i.ander and  Lapp.  The  people 
are  called  Finns,  or  Finner,  in  Norway,  where  the  true  Finns 
are  called  Quains. 

Lap'land,  a  post-ofiice  of  Greenwood  co.,  Kansas,  about 
33  miles  8,  by  W.  of  Emporia. 

La  Plante,  13,plint,  a  fishing  hamlet  of  Newfoundland, 
2i  miles  from  La  Poile.     Pop.  108. 

La  Plata,  a  city  of  Bolivia.     See  Chuquisaca. 

La  Plata,  li  pli'td,  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Colombia, 
state  of  Cundinamarcn,  62  miiei  S.S.W.  of  Neyva,  on  an 
affluent  of  the  Magdalena, 

La  Plata,  li  pli'ti,  a  river  of  Colorado,  rises  in  the 
La  Plata  Mountains,  runs  nearly  southward  into  New 
Mexico,  and  enters  the  Rio  de  Chaco.     Length,  60  miles. 

La  Plata,  a  county  at  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Colorado, 
borders  on  New  Mexico  and  Utah.  Area,  1860  square  miles. 
It  is  drained  by  the  Rio  Dolores,  the  Rio  La  Plata,  and 
other  rivers.  Tlie  surface,  mostly  mountainous,  is  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests  of  evergreen  trees.  The  Uncom- 
pahgre  Peak,  in  the  N.E.  part,  is  estimated  to  be  14,235  feet 
high.  Capital,  Durango.  Rich  mines  of  silver  have  been 
opened  in  this  county.     Pop.  in  1880,  1110;  in  1890,  55(19. 

La  Plata,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Charles  co.,  Md,, 
on  the  Baltimore  <fc  Potomac  Railroad  (Pope's  Creek  Branch), 
65  miles  S.  of  Baltimore. 

La  Plata,  a  post-village  of  Macon  co.,  Mo.,  in  La  Plntu 
township,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  <fc  Northern  Rail- 
road, 20  miles  N.  of  Macon  City,  and  190  miles  N.W.  of  St, 
Louis.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  4  churches, 
a  savings-bank,  &e.     Pop.  546;  of  the  township,  1566. 

La  Plata  Mountain,  Colorado,apeak  of  the  Saguache 
Range,  about  7  miles  S.  of  Mount  Elbert;  Its  altitude  i« 
14,302  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Its  nucleus  is  granitic. 

La  Plata  Mountains,  a  small  group  in  tho  S,W, 
part  of  Colorado,  the  summits  of  which  have  an  altitude  of 
nearly  13,000  feet.  The  highest  of  them  is  named  Mount' 
Hesperus,    Gold,  silver,  and  coal  abound  here. 

La  Plata  River.    See  Rio  de  la  Plata. 

La  Platte,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sarpy  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  at  the  month  of  the  Platte,  17  miles  S,  of 


LAP 


1610 


LAR 


Omaha.     It  is  on  the  Omaha  Branch  of  tho  Burlington  & 
Missouri  River  Railroad. 

La  Playa,  W  |>ir&,  a  poit-ofRoe  of  San  Lois  Obispo  co., 
Cat.,  is  on  the  i'ucitic,  12  miles  S.  of  San  Luis  Obispo. 

La  Pliintc,  \ti  ploom,  post-ofBoe,  Lackawanna  oo.,  Pa. 

La  Pubia,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Pobla  db  Lillkt. 

La  PuilO)  1&  pw&l,  a  post-town  of  Newfoundland,  on 
La  Poile  Bay,  near  tho  S.W.  angle  of  the  island,  40  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  Burgeo. 

La  Pointe,  li>  point,  a  post-village  of  Ashland  co.,  Wis., 
on  Madulcinu  Island,  in  Lake  Superior,  14  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Ashland.  It  hivs  a  church.  Pop.  282,  mainly  supported  by 
boat-building  and  fishing. 

La  Pointe>k«PItre,  l&pw&Nt-&-peet'r,  a  town  of  the 
French  West  India  island  of  Quodoloupc,  in  Grande-Terre, 
on  a  good  harbor,  18  miles  N.B.  of  Basse-Terre.  It  was 
nearly  destroyed  by  an  earthquake  in  184.3,  but  has  greatly 
prospered  since  that  time.  It  is  the  chief  commercial  town 
of  the  colony,  is  well  built,  and  has  handsome,  well-kept 
■treeU.     Pop.  15,172. 

Laponie,  the  French  name  of  Lapland. 

La  PortCf  I§,-pOrt',  a  northern  county  of  Indiana,  bor- 
ders on  Lake  Michigan  and  the  state  of  Michigan.  Area, 
about  580  square  miles.  It  ia  intersected  and  partly 
bounded  on  tho  S.E.  by  the  Kankakee  River.  The  surface 
is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with  prai- 
ries and  forests  of  good  timber,  which  is  here  abundant. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  oats,  cattle, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed 
by  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago,  Lake  Shore  & 
Michigan  Southern,  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago,  and 
Lake  Erie  &  Western  Railroads.  Capital,  La  Porte.  Pop. 
in  1870,  27,062;  in  1880,  30,985;  in  1890,  .34,445. 

La  Porte,  a  post-village  of  Plumas  co.,  Cal.,  about  60 
miles  N.E.  of  Marysville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a 
brewery,  and  6  stores.     Gold  is  found  here.     P.  about  400. 

La  Porte,  a  post-hamlet  of  Larimer  co..  Col.,  in  a  fer- 
tile valley,  on  Cache  la  Poudre  Creek,  70  miles  N.  of  Denver. 

La  Porte,  a  city,  the  capital  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.,  is 
situated  on  several  small  lakes,  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michi- 
gan Southern,  Lake  Erie  A  Western,  and  Chicago  &  West 
Michigan  Railroads,  59  miles  E.S.E.  of  Chicago,  28  miles 
W.  of  South  Bend,  and  155  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Indianapolis. 
It  contains  a  court-house,  a  national  bank,  3  other  banks, 
newspaper  ofiSces,  a  Catholic  academy,  and  16  churches,  and 
has  manufactures  of  carriages,  threshers,  engines,  boilers, 
separators,  fanning-mills,  brooms,  woollen  goods,  wagons, 
wheels,  doors,  <tc.  It  has  also  an  orphans'  home,  an  old 
ladies'  home,  a  kindergarten  academy,  and  summer  resorts, 
including  the  Baptist  Assembly.     Pop.  in  1890,  7126. 

La  Porte,  or  Laporte  City,  a  post-village  of  Black 
Hawk  CO.,  Iowa,  in  Big  Creek  township,  on  Wolf  Creek, 
about  1  mile  from  Cedar  River,  and  on  the  Burlington, 
Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad,  40  miles  N.W.  of  Cedar 
Rapids,  and  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Waterloo.  It  has  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  4  churches,  a  flour-  and 
feed-mill,  lumber-mills,  a  creamery,  and  manufactures  of 
/fencing.     Pop.  in  1890,  1052. 

La  Porte,  a  hamlet  of  Macon  co.,  Mo.,  about  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Macon  City.  It  has  a  church.  Here  is  Ten  Mile 
Post-Offioe. 

.  La  Porte,  a  post-village  of  Lorain  co.,  0.,  in  Carlisle 
township,  on  Black  River,  about  3  miles  S.E.  of  Elyria,  and 
22  miles  S.W.  of  Cleveland.     It  has  a  church. 

Laporte,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Sullivan  co.,  Pa., 
in  Laporte  township,  about  33  miles  N.  of  Danville,  and 
100  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  a  court-house,  2 
churches,  a  large  hotel,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  steam  saw- 
mill, a  private  bank,  and  manufactures  of  wagons.  Pop. 
in  1890,  375;  of  the  township,  443. 

Lapos,  l&'posh\  or  Lapus,  l&'poosh\  a  river  of  Hun- 
gary, in  the  N.  part  of  Transylvania,  joins  the  Szamos  after 
a  course  of  45  miles. 

Lapperanda,  the  Finlandish  for  Viluanstrand. 

Lapp  mark,  l&pp'mank,  a  general  name  for  the  northern 
districts  of  Sweden,  including  Swedish  Lapland.  These 
districts,  from  N.  to  S.,  are  called  Torned-Lappmark,  Luled- 
Lappmark,  Pited-Lappmark  (in  the  laen  of  Norrbotten),  and 
UmeA-Lappmark  and  Asele-Lappmark,  in  Wcsterbotten. 

Lapponia,  the  Latin  for  Laplakd. 

Lapp's,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa. 

La  Prairie,  la  pra'reo,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co., 
III.,  in  North  East  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  & 
Quincy  Railroad,  29  miles  E.N.E.  of  Quincy.  It  has  3 
churches.     Pop.  about  300. 

La  Prairie,  a  township  of  Marshall  co..  111.   Pop.  1400. 
.  La  Prairie,  a  township  of  Rock  co  ,  Wis.     Pop.  822. 


Laprairie,  li^-pr&'ree,  a  county  of  Quebec,  bnrdurinff 
on  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  opposite  the  island  uf  Montreal, 
Area,  170  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Champlain 
division  of  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway.  Capital,  Laprairia, 
Pop.  11,861. 

Laprairie,  the  chief  town  of  the  oo.  of  Laprairie,  ii 
situated  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  7  miles 
S.  of  Montreal.  It  contains  8  hotels  and  a  dozen  stores. 
The  first  railroad  in  British  North  America  was  constructed 
from  here  to  St.  Johns  in  1830,  but  was  discontinued.  A 
steam  ferry  runs  between  Laprairie  and  Montreal  threa 
times  a  day.     Pop.  1250. 

La  Prairie  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  111. 

La  Prdsentation,  l&prd'z6N°'t&'Be-6N«',  apost-village 
in  St.  llyacinthe  co.,  Quebec,  6  miles  N.  of  Si.  ilyacinthe. 
It  contains  2  stores.     Pop.  300. 

La  Prieur6,  France.    See  CitAMonNi. 

Lapte,  l&pt,  a  village  of  France,  Ilaute-Loire,  6  milet 
N.W.  of  Brioude.     Pop.  677. 

La  Puebia,  \\  pwdb'li  (or  Poblat,  pob-l&t'),  a  town 
of  Majorca,  27  miles  N.E.  of  Polma.     Pop.  3620, 

La  Puebia,  a  town  of  Mexico.    See  Puebla. 

La  Puebia  d'Alcocer,  1&  pwdb'li  d&I-ko-thain', » 
small  town  of  Spain,  at  the  foot  of  the  Sierra  d'AIcocer, 
province  and  87  miles  E.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  3063. 

La  Puebia  de  Almuradiel,  1&  pwib'li  d4  Hi-moo- 
ri-Dc-fil',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  50  miles  S.E.  of 
Toledo.     Pop.  2851. 

La  Puebia  de  Arganzon,  1&  pw£b'l&  d&  aR-g&n- 
thon',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Alava,  9  miles  N.E.  of 
Miranda. 

La  Puebia  de  Cazaba,  13,  pw2b'l&  d&  ki-th&'Bi,  * 
town  of  Spain,  35  miles  S.E.  of  Seville.     Pop.  4181. 

La  Puebia  de  Don  Fadrique,  1&  pw2b'l&  d&  doa 
fi-Dree'ki,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  77  miles  N.E.  of; 
Granada,  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Calar.  Pop.  4093.  It  hai 
4  parish  churches,  manufactures  of  woven  fabrics,  and  ut 
active  trade  in  timber. 

La  Puebia  de  Guzman,  lil  pwdb'lH  di  gooth-m&n', 
a  town  of  Spain,  30  miles  N.  of  Huelva.     Pop.  3715. 

La  Puebia  de  Hijar,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  lIuAn. 

La  Puebia  de  la  Calzada,  li  pwib'li  dd  Id  kdl- 
thd'od,  a  town  of  Spain,  16  miles  E.  of  Badajos.    Pop.  2946. 

La  Puebia  del  Duque,  Id  pwdb'ld  ddl  doo'kd,  or 
La  Puebia  de  Rugat,  Id  pwdb'ld  dd  roo-g&t',  a  town 
of  Spain,  province  and  36  miles  from  Valencia.    Pop.  182ft. 

La  Puebia  del  Alaestre,  Id  pwib'ld  dSl  md-is'tri, 
a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  province  and  70  miles  S. 
of  Badajos.     Pop.  4474. 

La  Puebia  de  los  Angeles.    See  Pqebla. 

La  Puebia  de  los  Infantes,  Id  pwib'li  di  loce 
een-fin'tfis,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Seville,  19  miles 
N.AV.  of  Ecija.    It  has  some  Roman  antiquities.    Pop.  2143. 

La  Puebia  de  Montalvan,  Id  pwdb'ld  dd  mon-til- 
vin',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  17  miles  W.  of  Toledo, 
on  the  Tagus.  Pop.  5068.  It  has  a  picturesque  castle,  and 
a  palace  of  the  Dukes  of  Uceda,  also  manufactures  of  leather, 
oil,  and  pottery. 

La  Puebia  de  Sanabria,l&  pwdb'li  dd  s&nd'Brc-Jl, 
a  town  of  Spain,  53  miles  N.W.  of  Zamora.     Pop.  1597. 

La  Puebia  de  Sancho  Perez,  Id  pwdb'ld  di  sdn'- 
cho  pd'rSth,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  36  miles  S.E.  of 
Badajos.     Pop.  2015. 

La  Puebia  de  Vallbona,  14  pwSb'ld  dd  vdl-bo'nd, 
a  village  of  Spain,  province  and  10  miles  N.W.  of  Valencia, 
on  the  Turia.     Pop.  1326. 

La  Puebia  de  Valverde,  Id  pwJb'ld  dd  vdl-vJn'di, 
a  town  of  Spain,  in  Aragon,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Teruel. 

La  Puebia  Junto  d  Coria,  Id  pwfib'ld  iioon'to  & 
ko're-d,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  lO  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Seville,  on  the  Guadalquivir.     Pop.  1886. 

La  Puebia  Nueva,  Id  pwib'ld  nwd'vd,  a  village  of 
Spain,  in  New  Castile,  46  miles  W.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  2672. 

La  Puebia  Nueva  del  Mar,  li  pwSb'ld  nwd'vd  dil 
maB  ("the  new  village  of  the  sea"),  a  village  of  Spain, 
province  and  2  miles  E.  of  Valencia,  on  the  sea-coast,  and 
on  the  left  bank  of  the  Tarca.  At  no  very  distant  date  the 
site  of  this  village  was  covered  by  the  sea.     Pop.  8179. 

La  Puglia,  Italy.    See  Apulia. 

Lapurdum,  France.    See  Bayo.vne. 

Lapurdum,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Lourdes. 

LapAvai,  lap'wa.\  a  post-office  of  Nez  Perces  co.,  Idaho, 
at  Fort  Lapwai,  about  12  miles  E.  of  Lewiston,  and  3  miles 
from  Lapwai  Agency  for  the  Nez  Perces  Indians. 

Lar,  or  Laar,  laR,  a  river  of  Persia,  province  of  Ma- 
zandcran,  flows  into  tho  Caspian  Sea. 

Lar,  or  Laar,  a  town  of  Persia,  capital  of  the  provinct 


LAR 


1611 


LAK 


of  Laristan,  and  formerly  of  an  Arabian  kingdom,  180 
hiilcs  S.E.  of  Sheoraz.  Pop.  12,000,  It  stands  in  an  ex- 
tensive plain,  and  has  a  fortified  residence  of  the  governor, 
und  a  large  and  fine  bazaar.  It  is  the  seat  of  some  manu- 
factures of  arms,  gunpowder,  and  cotton  fabrics. 

Lar'abee,  a  post-office  of  McKean  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Buffalo,  Now  York  &  Philadelphia  Railroad,  at  the  junc- 
lion  of  the  McKean  &  Buffalo  Railroad,  32  miles  N.  of 
lEmporium. 

/   Larache,  a  town  of  Morocco.    See  El-Auaish. 
1   La  Ilambla,  14  rim'bli,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
^d  14  miles  S.  of  Cordova.     Pop.  5926.     It  has  several 
bonvents,  and  some  woollen-manufactures, 
j   La  Rambia,  li  rim'bli,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Tene- 
:iffc,  on  the  AV.  coast. 

;  Laramie,  l&r'a-mee,  a  large  county  in  the  E.  part  of 
Wyoming,  borders  on  Nebraska  and  Colorado.  Area,  7025 
iiquare  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  North  Fork  of  the 
J'latte  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Laramie  and  Nio- 
'Drara  Rivers  and  the  head-streams  of  the  Cheyenne,  and 
py  Chugwater  and  Lodge  Pole  Creeks.  The  surface  is 
iiiversified  with  mountains  and  high  table-lands  or  plains, 
iind  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  fir,  and 
|)ther  evergreen  trees.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  It  is  inter- 
acted by  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Cheyenne, 
pop.  in  1870,  2957;  in  1880,  6409;  in  1890,  16,777. 
[  liaramie,  the  capital  of  Albany  co.,  Wyoming,  is 
situated  near  the  W.  base  of  the  Laramie  Range  of  moun- 
Itains,  on  the  Great  Laramie  Plain,  and  on  the  Union  Pacific 
Railroad,  57  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cheyenne,  and  573  miles 
from  Omaha.  It  is  7123  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea, 
•md  is  surrounded  by  mountains  and  beautiful  scenery.  It 
itontains  a  court-house,  a  penitentiary,  a  Catholic  hospital, 
i»  churches,  3  national  banks,  a  public  library,  several  hotels, 
'i  high  schools,  a  rolling-mill,  a  round-house,  and  machine* 
Ihops  of  the  railroad  company.     Two  daily  newspapers  are 

Iublished  here.  Pop.  in  1890,  6388. 
Laramie  Mountains,  a  curvilinear  range  of  Colorado 
nd  Wyoming,  but  mostly  in  the  latter  territory.  These 
lountains  bound  the  Laramie  Plains  on  the  E.  and  N.E., 
I  id  are  reported  to  contain  much  good  lignite.  Laramie 
3ak  is  their  highest  point. 
Laramie  Peak,  Wyoming,  a  conical  granitic  peak  of 
e  Laramie  Range  of  mountains,  in  Albany  co.,  about  lat. 
1°  20'  N.  It  is  estimated  to  be  about  10,000  feet  high. 
Laramie  Plains,  AVyoming,  a  fertile  plateau  or 
^ble-land  in  the  cos.  of  Albany  and  Carbon,  enclosed  on 
pi  sides  by  high  mountains,  among  which  are  the  Medicine 
tow  Mountains  and  the  Laramie  Range.  The  latter  forms 
be  boundary  on  the  N.  and  E.  Area,  about  3000  square 
Mies.  Length,  nearly  60  miles.  The  surface  is  a  bcauti- 
lil  and  almost  treeless  plain,  which  is  about  7500  feet  above 
lie  level  of  the  sea.  The  climate  is  dry  and  pleasant  in 
immer.  The  soil  is  alluvial,  and  produces  good  pasture, 
he  Union  Pacific  Railroad  crosses  the  southern  part  of 
lis  plain,  which  is  partly  irrigated  by  the  Laramie  River. 
Laramie  River  rises  in  or  near  the  North  Park,  which 
in  Colorado.  It  runs  northward  in  Albany  co.,  AVyo- 
liing,  drains  part  of  Laramie  co.  (in  which  its  direction  is 
jearly  eastward),  and  enters  the  North  Fork  of  the  Platte  at 
ort  Laramie,  Wyoming.  It  is  about  200  miles  long.  Lara- 
kie  Railroad  Station  on  this  river  is  7123  feet  above  the 
|,'vel  of  the  sea. 

Laranda,  the  ancient  name  of  Karamak. 
Laranjeiras,  li-rin-zhi'ras,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of 
ergipe,  on  the  Cotiudiba,  20  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the 
itlantic.     Pop.  about  3000. 

.Larantooka,  Larantoeka,  or  Larantnka,  1&- 
in-too'kl,  a  Portuguese  town  of  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
.  end  of  the  island  of  Flores,  on  the  Flores  Strait. 
Larat,  or  Laarat,  l4-rit',  an  island  in  the  Malay 
rchipelago,  one  of  the  Tenimber  group,  off  the  N.E.  coast 
'  Timor  Laut.  It  is  25  miles  long  by  10  broad. 
Larax,  li'ri',  a  river  of  France,  department  of  Gers, 
Jins  the  left  bank  of  the  Garonne.  Total  course,  70  miles. 
L'ArbresIe,  laR'bral',  a  village  of  France,  department 
r  Rhone,  18  miles  by  railway  W.N.W.  of  Lyons.  P.  2840. 
Larch'mont,  a  post-village  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y., 
I  Mamaroneck  township,  on  Long  Island  Sound,  and  on 
le  New  York  &  New  Haven  Railroad,  19  miles  from  New 
ork. 

Larch'wood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lyons  co.,  Iowa,  in 
archwood  township,  40  miles  W.  of  Sibley.  Extensive 
fldges  of  willow  have  been  planted  in  the  township,  which 
'  a  rolling  prairie.     Pop.  97. 

Larda,  lan'di,  a  river  of  Northern  Italy,  falls  into  the 
0  7  miles  S.  of  Cremona.    Total  course,  35  miles. 


Lardero,  laR-di'ro,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile, 
about  3  miles  from  Logrono,  on  the  Iregua.     Pop.  1182. 

L'Ardoise,  laRMwiz',  a  post-village  of  Richmond  co.. 
Nova  Scotia,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  Cape  Breton  Island,  8 
miles  S.E.  of  St.  Peters.  It  was  formerly  a  town  of  much 
importance.     Pop.  200. 

Laredo,  li-rft'oo,  a  seaport  town  of  Spain,  in  Santander, 
34  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bilbao.     Pop.  3200.  , 

Laredo,  li-ri'do,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Webb  co., 
Tex.,  on  the  Rio  Grande,  opposite  Nuevo  Laredo  in  Mexico, 
and  at  the  junction  of  three  railroads,  154  miles  by  rail  S. 
by  W.  of  San  Antonio,  and  108  miles  by  rail  AV.  by  S.  of 
San  Diego.  It  has  a  church,  several  newspaper  offices,  an 
Ursuline  academy  or  convent,  a  foundry,  a  planing-mill, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  cigars.  Coal,  iron,  lead, 
zinc,  and  copper  are  found  here.  Wool  and  cattle  are  the 
chief  articles  of  export.     Pop.  in  1890,  11,319. 

Laree,  or  Lari,  H'ree,  a  town  of  Central  Africa,  on  the 
N.W.  shore  of  Lake  Chad,  100  miles  N.W.  of  Kooka. 

La  Reid,  li  rit,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  16 
miles  S.E.  of  Liege.     Pop.  1800. 

Larek,  li'rSk',  written  also  Larrack  or  Laredsh, 
an  island  in  the  Persian  Gulf,  5  miles  S.E.  of  the  E.  end  of 
Kishm.    Greatest  length,  5 J  miles ;  breadth,  nearly  4  miles. 

La  R^ole,  14  rd^ol',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gironde,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Garonne,  30  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Bor- 
deaux. It  has  a  communal  college,  and  manufactures  of 
hats,  leather,  and  cutlery.     Pop.  3498. 

Largentiere,  laR'zhfiN<»'te-aiR'  (ano.  Argenta'ria?),  a 
town  of  France,  in  Ardfiche,  on  the  Ligne,  21  miles  S.W. 
of  Privas.  Pop.  2374.  It  has  manufactures  of  silk  fabrics 
and  leather.    See  AugentiSre. 

Lar'gie,  a  post-village  in  Elgin  co.,  Ontario,  7  miles  W. 
of  lona.     Pop.  100. 

Lar'go,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife,  on  Largo  Bay, 
an  inlet  of  the  Firth  of  Forth,  2i  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of 
Leven.  It  is  frequented  for  sea-bathing,  and  has  a  harbor. 
Pop.  of  parish,  2318. 

Largs,  a  seaport  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  on  a  bay  of  the 
same  name,  surrounded  by  beautiful  hills,  22  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Glasgow.  It  is  irregularly  but  well  built,  and  has  elegant 
baths,  an  academy,  an  industrial  school,  a  pier,  numerous 
handsome  villas,  and  small  manufactories  of  cotton,  but  is 
chiefly  supported  by  sea-bathers.  A  great  victory  was  ob- 
tained here  in  1263  by  Alexander  III.,  over  Haco,  King  of 
Norway.     Pop.  2760. 

Lari,  13,'ree,  a  fortified  town  of  Italy,  province  and  14 
miles  S.E.  of  Pisa.     Pop.  10,081. 

Lari,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Laree. 

Lar'imer,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Colorado,  borders 
on  Wyoming.  Area,  about  4100  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  Cache  la  Poudre  River  and  Big  Thompson  Creek.  The 
surface  presents  grand  and  beautiful  mountain-scenery. 
The  Snowy  Range  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  extends  along 
the  western  border  of  this  county,  at  the  S.W.  corner  of 
which  stands  Long's  Peak.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  and 
plains  is  fertile.  Wheat,  cattle,  oats,  potatoes,  and  butter 
are  the  staples.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Union  Pacific  Rail- 
road, which  connects  with  Fort  Collins,  the  capital.  Pop 
in  1870,  838;  in  1880,  4892;  in  1890,  9712. 

Larimer,  a  township  of  Somerset  co..  Pa.    Pop.  951. 

Larimer's  Station,  a  post-village  of  Westmoreland 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  20  miles  E.  of  Pitts- 
burg.    It  has  a  flouring-mill.     Coal  is  mined  here, 

Larino,  15,-ree'no  (anc.  Lari'mtm),  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  22  miles  N.E.  of  Campobasso,  It  is  a  bishop's 
see.     Po|i.  5739. 

La  Rioja,  li  re-o'ni,  a  province  of  the  Argentine  Re- 
public, between  lat.  27°  50'  and  31°  S.,  and  extending  from 
Ion.  66°  20'  AV.  to  the  Andes,  and  on  other  sides  having  the 
provinces  of  Catamarca,  Cordova,  San  Luis,  and  San  Juan. 
It  is  rich  in  metals.  AA''heat  is  raised,  and  wine  and  brandy 
exported,  but  its  inland  situation  is  a  serious  obstacle  to 
its  trade.  The  principal  towns  are  La  Rioja,  Chilecito,  and 
Guandacol.     Area,  34,627  square  miles.     Pop.  48,746. 

La  Rioja,  the  capital  of  the  province  of  La  Rioja,  Ar- 
gentine Republic,  is  1 18  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Catamarca.   P.  4489. 

Larissa,  14-ris'si  (Turk.  Yeni  Sheh'r,  ygn'ee  shfih'r, 
i.e.,  "new  town"),  a  town  of  Europe,  in  Greece,  on  the  Sa- 
lembria  (anc.  Pene'us),  20  miles  from  the  Gulf  of  Salonica. 
Lat.  39°  37'  N. ;  Ion.  21°  28'  E.  Pop.  in  1879, 13,169,  many 
of  whom  are  Turks,  and  a  few  are  negroes. 

Laris'sa,  a  post-office  of  Winston  co.,  Ala.,  about  70 
miles  N.AV.  of  Birmingham. 

Larissa,  a  post-village  of  Cherokee  co.,  Tex.,  8  miles 
N.  of  Jacksonville  Station,  and  about  27  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Palestine.    It  has  4  chnrches. 


LAIV 


lfl2. 


LAS. 


Laristan,  Inr-is-t&n',  a  maritime  province  of  Persia, 
b«ving  S.  the  Persian  Gulf,  and  landward  the  provinces  of 
Furs  and  Koruian.  Estimated  area,  10,000  square  miles. 
It  \»  an  arid  and  sandy  waste,  interspersed  with  salt  steppes. 
Principal  town,  Lar. 

'Iinriua  Lacas^  the  ancient  name  of  Lago  di  Como. 

LarizCy  a  river  of  France.    See  AnizB. 

Lnrke,  lark,  a  iriver  of  England,  rises  in  the  S.W.  part 
of  the  county  of  Suffolk,  and  flows  into  the  Ouse  near  Ely. 

Lark'hnllt  a  village  of  Scotland,  oo.  of  Lanark,  9  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Lanark.  Pop.  4971.  It  has  coal-mines  and 
hand-loom  weaving. 

Larkhanut  latOk&'n&,  or  Larkhauu,  laR^k&-noo',  a 
fortified  town  of  Sinde,  145  miles  N.W.  of  Hyderabad,  and 
7  miles  AV.  of  the  Indus,  with  which  it  communicates  by 
the  Larkhana  Canal.  It  has  a  citadel,  formerly  the  artillery 
depot  of  the  Sinde  ameers,  a  good  bazaar,  manufactures  of 
silk  and  cotton  goods,  and  one  of  the  chief  corn-markets  of 
the  country.     Pop.  12,000. 

liar'kin,  a  post-office  of  Atchison  oo.,  KansoS;  on  the 
Ktansas  Central  liailrood,  10  miles  E.  of  Ilolton. 

liar'kinsburg,  a  hamlet  of  Clay  oo.,  111.,  in  Larkins- 
burg  township,  on  the  Springfield  A  Illinois  Southeastern 
Railroad,  92  miles  S.S.E.  of  Springfield.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 970. 

Lar'kin^s  Fork)  a  post-office  of  Jackson  oo.,  Ala. 

liar'kinsville,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad,  36  miles  E.  of  Hunts- 
villo. 

Lark'spar^  a  post-office  of  Douglas  co..  Col.,  on  the 
Denver  A  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  43  miles  S.  of  Denver. 

Xarks'ville^  a  post-village  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  3  miles 
^y.  by  N.  of  Wilkesbarre.     It  has  a  church. 

Lame,  larn,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Antrim,  on  Lough 
Larue,  an  inlot  of  the  sea,  17i  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Rel- 
fost.  It  has  manufactures  of  cotton,  sail-cloth,  and  ropes, 
with  bleaching-grounds  and  lime-works.     Pop.  3288. 

Lar'ned,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pawnee  co.,  Kansas, 
at  the  junction  of  the  Pawnee  and  Arkansas  Rivers,  106 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Newton.  It  has  7  churches,  3  banks,  3 
newspiiper  offices,  public  schools,  and  corn- and  grain-mills. 
Building-stone,  potter's  clay,  and  ochre  are  found  here. 
Pop.  1861.    See  Fort  Larned. 

1j  arnica,  or  Larncca,  laR'ne-k&  (anc.  Citium),  a 
town  of  Cyprus,  near  its  S.  coaSt,  23  miles  S.E.  of  Lcfkosia. 
Pop.  6000.  It  has  a  citadel,  large  cisterns,  and  numerous 
other  vestiges  of  antiquity.  Its  port  is  much  frequented, 
and  it  is  the  residence  of  many  consuls  and  merchants. 

La  Roccella,  li  rot-chSl'll,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Reggio  di  Calabria,  on  the  Mediterranean,  9  miles  N.E. 
of  Gerace.     Pop.  5098. 

Laroche,  14'rosh',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Luxem- 
bourg, on  the  Ourthe,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Bastogne. 

La  Roche,  li  rosh,  a  town  of  France,  in  Savoy,  5  miles 
■W.S.W.  of  Bonneville,  on  the  Arve.     Pop.  1851. 

La  Roche-Beaucourt,  11  rosh'-bC'kooR',  a  town  of 
France,  department  of  Dordogne,13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Non- 
tron.     Pop.  of  commune,  1006. 

La  Roche- Chalais,  lirosh'-shi'li',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Dordogne,  17  miles  W.S.W.  of  Riberac,  on  the  railway 
from  Tours  to  Bordeaux.     Pop.  1049. 

La  Rochefoucauld,  Id  rosh^foo'kO',  a  town  of  Franco, 
in  Charente,  on  the  Tardoire,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Angoul6me. 
Pop.  2378.     It  has  distilleries  and  tanneries. 

La  Rochelle,  li  ro'shiU',  a  fortified  seaport  town  of 
France,  capital  of  the  department  of  Charente-Inferieure, 
on  the  Atlantic,  nearly  midwiiy  between  Nantes  and  Bor- 
deaux. It  is  295  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Paris.  Lat.  of  tower, 
46°  9'  24"  N. ;  Ion.  1°  9'  16"  W.  Pop.  19,030.  It  is  entered 
by  seven  gates;  the  streets  are  mostly  bordered  by  arcades. 
The  principal  edifices  are  the  cathedral,  town  hall,  ex- 
change, courts  of  justice,  hospital,  arsenal,  docks,  and  a 
good  bathing-establishment.  An  inner  harbor  opens  from 
an  outer  port,  capable  of  receiving  vessels  of  from  400  to 
500  tons;  the  roadstead  is  protected  by  the  islands  of  R6 
and  OI6ron.  La  Rochelle  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  the  capital 
of  a  military  division.  It  has  a  diocesan  seminary,  school 
of  navigiition,  a  public  library  of  25,000  volumes,  a  botanic 
garden,  a  cabinet  of  natural  history,  manufactures  of  glass, 
earthenware,  and  cotton  twist,  sugar-refineries,  building- 
docks,  and  an  extensive  trade  in  wines,  brandies,  and  colo- 
nial produce.  In  the  religious  wars  it  was. long  a  strong- 
hold of  the  Protestants ;  but  it  was  finally  taken  by  Louis 
XIII.  in  1628. 

La  Roche>Posay,  I&  rosh'-po^zi',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Vienno,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Gartempe  with  the 
Creuse,  13  miles  E.S.E.  of  Chatellerault.     Pop.  1504. 


La  Roche-8ur-Yon,  1&  rosh-sUn-yiri",  formerly 
Bourbon-Vcnd6c  and  NapoI6on-Vcnd6c,  a  io»' 

of  France,  capital  of  the  department  of  VcndCe,  on  I! 
Yon,  46  miles  oy  rail  S.  of  Nantes.     It  is  built  on  a  ri'ulr 
plan,  with  wide  streets,  and  contains  a  town  hall,  a  lar 
prefecture,  a  theatre,  a  public  library,  a  college,  a  hoapiul, 
and  a  normal  school.      It  has   breweries,  nurseries,  and 
manufactures  of  hats,  flour,  wax  candles,  Ac.     Pop.  9021. 

La  Rochettc,  li  ro'shit',  a  town  of  France,  in  Savoy 
10  miles  S.E.  of  Chainb6ry,  on  the  Golon.     Pop.  1228. 

La  Roda,  I&  ro'i)&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  ani]  21 
miles  N.W.  of  Albaccte.  Pop.  6610.  It  is  celebrated  for 
its  defence  against  the  Carlists  In  1S40. 

Larolcs,  ll-ro'lis,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Andalmia, 
about  50  miles  from  Granada.     Pop.  1463. 

Larone,  1%-ron',  a  post-office  of  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  aboat 
6  miles  S.  of  Skowhcgan. 

La  Roquc,  11  rok,  a  headland  of  France,  in  Seine-In. 
f^rieure,  on  the  Seine  estuary,  7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Pont- 
Audcmer. 

La  Roqucbrou,  11  rok^broo',  a  town  of  France,  is 
Cantal,  on  the  Ciire,  12  miles  W.  of  Aurillac.    Pop.  1472. 

La  Roquebrussanc,  II  rok^briia^sln',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Var,  15  miles  N.  of  Toulon.     Pop.  1320, 

La  Rose,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  III.,  in  Belle, 
Plain  township,  on  the  Chicago  A  Alton  Railroad,  33  inilei 
N.E.  of  Peoria.  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
newspaper  office. 

Lar'rabee,  a  post-office  of  Manitowoc  co..  Wig.,  about 
14  miles  N.  of  Manitowoc. 

Larrabec,  a  township  of  Waupaca  co.,  Wis.    Pop.  764. 

Lar'rabee's  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Addison  co., 
Vt.,  on  Lake  Champlain,  nearly  oi)posite  Tieonderoga,  about 
16  miles  S.W.  6f  Middlebury,  and  on  the  Addison  Railroad, 
which  here  crosses  the  lake  by  a  bridge. 

Larrack,  island,  Persian  Gulf.    See  Larek. 

Larraga,  lau-nl'gl,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre,  20 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Pamplona.     Pop.  1712, 

Lar'ry's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa., 
in  Piatt  township,  2  miles  from  Jersey  Shore.  It  lias  a 
church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill.  Much  lumber  it 
shipped  here. 

La  Rue,  la-ril',  a  county  near  the  middle  of  Kentucky, 
has  an  area  of  about  240  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  oo 
the  N.E.  by  the  Rolling  Fork  of  Salt  River,  and  also  drained 
by  Nolin  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  half  of  it 
is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  oats,  tobacco,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  The 
Louisville  A  Nashville  Railroad  passes  along  the  W.  border, 
and  a  branch  of  the  Newport  News  A  Mississippi  Valley 
Railroad  connects  with  Ilodjjensville,  the  capital.  Pop.  ia 
1870,  8235;  in  1880,  9793;  in  1890,  9433. 

Larue,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  0.,  on  the  Scioto 
River,  and  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Bellefontuine 
with  Galion,  14  miles  W.  of  Marion.  It  has  3  churclies,  2 
banks,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  door-  and  saah- 
factory,  and  bent-wood-works.     Pop.  948. 

Laruns,  llVilN<>',  a  town  of  France,  in  Basses-Pyrdnics, 
22  miles  S.  of  Pau.     Pop.  1640. 

Larvego,  laR-vl'go,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Genoa.     Pop.  of  commune,  3999. 

Larvigen,  a  town  of  Norway.    See  Laurvio. 

Lar'will,  a  post-village  of  Whitley  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago  Railroad,  27  miles  W,  by 
N.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  schoul,  and 
manufactures  of  furniture  and  lumber. 

La  Sal,  a  post-office  of  Pi  Ute  co.,  Utah. 

Lasalle,  ll'sll',  a  village  of  France,  in  Gard.  It  has 
manufactures  of  bonnets  and  flowers.     Pop.  1934. 

La  Salle,  a  village  of  France.     See  Decazeville. 

La  Salle,  la  sill,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  o( 
Illinois,  has  an  area  of  1 152  square  miles.  It  is  inlcrsoctcd 
by  the  Illinois  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Fox  aod 
Vermilion  Rivers,  which  enter  the  Illinois  in  this  county. 
The  surface  is  undulating;  the  soil  is  very  fertile.  The 
greater  part  of  this  county  is  prairie,  and  the  deficiency  of 
timber  is  compensated  by  an  abundance  of  bituminous  coal. 
Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  wheat,  horses,  cattle,  butter,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  Sandstone  and  Trenton  liiiie- 
stono  covered  with  a  thick  deposit  of  drift  underlie  a  large 
part  of  the  soil.  This  county  contains  the  cities  of  Ottawa, 
La  Salle,  Mendota,  Streator,  and  Peru.  It  is  intersected 
by  several  railroads, — the  Illinois  Central,  the  Chicago, 
Burlington  A  Quincy,  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific, 
and  the  Chicago  A  Alton, — which  afford  excellent  travelling 
facilities  for  all  sections  of  the  county.  Capital,  Ottawa. 
Pop.  in  1870,  60,792  J  in  1880,  70,403;  in  1890,  80,79^. 


LAS 


1613 


LAS 


La  Salle^  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area 
jof  about  1460  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Rio 
flPrio  and  Rio  Nueces,  whicli  run  nearly  soutlieastward. 
The  soil  produces  pasture  for  numerous  cattle.  Capital, 
ICotuIla.  Pop.  in  1870,  69;  in  1880,  789;  in  1890,  2139. 
!  La  Salle,  a  city  of  La  Salle  co.,  111.,  on  the  N.  bank  of 
the  Illinois  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &,  Quincy 
jRailroad,  and  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses 
rthe  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  99  miles 
'W.S.W.  of  Chicago,  60  miles  N.  of  Bloomington,  and  15 
jmilea  W.  of  Ottawa.  Steamboats  can  ascend  the  river  to  this 
j)lace,  which  is  the  W.  terminus  of  the  Illinois  Canal.  It  con- 
tains a  national  bank,  a  manufactory  of  glass,  2  high  schools, 

2  Catholic  academies,  3  newspaper  offices,  9  churches,  clock- 
works, Portland  cement-works,  ornamental  pressed-brick 
factory,  sulphuric-acid-works,  a  brewery,  2  zinc-rolling- 
mills,  and  3  zinc-smelting-furnaces.  Coal  is  mined  here. 
Pop.  in  1890,  9855. 

La  Salle,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  5  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Monroe.     It  has  2  churches. 

La  Salle,  a  post-village  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Niagara  River,  5  miles  above  the  cataract,  on  the  Buffalo 
&  Lewistown  Branch  of  the  Central  Railroad,  and  on  a 
branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  17  miles  N.  of  Buffalo.  It  ha« 

3  churches,  2  academies,  and  manufactures  of  bricks. 

La  Salvetat,  IS,  siPv^h-ti',  a  town  of  France,  Avey- 
ron,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Rodez.     Pop.  of  commune,  3136. 
.  La  Salvetat,  a  town  of  France,  in  Ilfirault,  8  miles  N. 
of  Saint-Pons.     Pop.  of  commune,  3656. 

Las  Animas,  ld,s  in'e-niis,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part 
of  Colorado,  borders  on  New  Mexico.  Area,  4700  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Purgatory  River,  and  drained 
by  the  Apishapa  River,  which  rises  in  it.  The  surface  is 
partly  mountainous,  the  county  being  a  part  of  the  eastern 
[slope  of  the  Rocky  Mountains.  It  also  contains  large 
iplains  adapted  to  pastoral  pursuits.  The  Denver  <fe  Rio 
(Grande  Railroad  and  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad  traverse 
this  county.  Wheat,  wool,  and  Indian  corn  are  staples. 
!The  hills  contain  a  vast  quantity  of  coal  and  iron  ore.  Coal 
jis  found  in  the  Raton  Mountains.  Capital,  Trinidad.  Pop. 
Sn  1870,  4276;  in  1880,  8903;  in  1890,  17,208. 

Las  Animas,  a  post-village,  the  capital  of  Bent  co., 

ICol.,  is  on  the  Arkansas  River,  opposite  Fort  Lyon,  87 

miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Pueblo.      It  has  5  churches,  a 

ank,  a  high  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  flour-mills. 

'op.  in  1890,  611. 

Las'ater,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Tex.,  on  a  rail- 
jroad,  12  miles  W.  of  Jefferson. 

I  La  Sauvagere,  li  so'vi'zhaia',  a  village  of  France, 
jdcpartment  of  Orne,  arrondissement  of  Domfront.  P.  2040. 
!  La  Scie,  IS.  see,  a  fishing  station  on  the  French  shore, 
iXewfoundland,  18  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Tilt  Cove.     It  has  a 

food  harbor. 
Las  Colo'nias,  a  post-office  of  San  Miguel  co.,  N.Mcx. 
i    Las  Cruces,  ISs  kroo'sfis,  a  post-office  of  Santa  Barbara 
[00.,  Cal. 

Las  Cruces,  lis  kroo'sJs,  a  post- village  of  Donna  Ana 
jco..  New  Mexico,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Rio  Grande,  nearly 
opposite  Mesilla.    It  has  a  Catholic  academy,  a  church,  and 
»  newspaper  office.     Wine  is  made  here.     Pop.  1304. 
j    Las  Desertas,  Portugal.    See  Desertas. 
l    La  Seca,  li  sS.'kS,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  19 
biles  S.S.W.  of  Valladolid.     Pop.  3509. 
j    La  Sclle,  14  s5l,  a  village  of  France,  in  Mayonne,  4 
smiles  W.  of  Craon.     Pop.  1460. 
j    Lasellsville,  Fulton  co.,  N.Y.    See  Lassellsville. 

La  Serena,  a  town  of  Chili.     See  Coquimbo. 

La  Serradilla,  li  sfiu-Ri-Deel'yi,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
'Estremadura,  province  and  N.  of  Caceres.     Pop.  1650. 
I    Las^gird',  a  fortified  village  of  Persia,  province  of 
Khorassan,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Simnan. 

Lasheen,  la-sheen',  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  Minn. 

Lashley's  Cross  Roads,  N.C.    See  New  Hill. 

La  Sieur,  a  township  of  New  Madrid  co..  Mo.    P.  2004. 
.    Lask,  or  Lask'o,  a  town  of  Poland,  province  and  48 
Jiniles  E.S.E.  of  Kalisz,  on  the  Grabowka.     Pop.  4062. 
I    Laskafalu,  lish'kSh^fSh'loo',  or  Laskafeld,  lis'ki- 
\K\t\  a  village  of  Hungary,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Darda. 
I    Las'kay,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
lEast  Branch  of  the  Humber  River,  2i  miles  from  King. 
I    Lasko,  lish'ko,  a  village  of  Hungary,  9  miles  N.E.  of 
lEszek.    Pop.  1276. 

Las  IMinas  de  Rio  Tinto,  lis  mee'nla  di  ree'o 
teon'to  (i.e.,  "the  mines  of  the  Rio  Tinto"),  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Andalusia,  province  and  36  miles  N.E.  of  Huclva. 
Pop.  1687.  Near  it  are  mines  of  iron,  lead,  and  copper, 
which  have  been  worked  from  a  very  early  period. 


Las  Nue vitas,  lis  nwi-vee'tis,  or  Nuevitas  d^l 
Principe,  nwi-vee'tis  d81  prin'se-pi  (or  preen'se-pi),  a 
town  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Cuba,  52  miles  by  rail  E.  by  N. 
of  Puerto  Principe,  of  which  it  is  the  port.  The  harbor  is 
about  15  miles  in  length  by  half  as  much  in  breadth ;  its 
entrance  is  three-fourths  of  a  mile  across.     Pop.  2248. 

L&soe,  li'so'^h,  or  Lessoe,  15s'so-?h,  an  island  of 
Denmark,  in  the  Cattegat,  off  the  N.E.  coast  of  Jutland. 
Lat.  57°  18'  N.;  Ion.  11°  E.     Length,  13  miles. 

Las  Falmas,  lis  pil'mis,  a  city  on  the  N.E.  coast  of 
the  island  of  Gran  Canaria,  formerly  capital  of  the  Canary 
Islands.  It  is  overlooked  by  two  lofty  hills,  and  traversed 
from  E.  to  AV.  by  the  small  river  Guiniguada.  Las  Palmas 
is  the  largest,  most  beautiful,  and  most  populous  town  in 
the  Canaries.  The  houses  are  large,  with  terraced  roofs 
and  balconies;  and  the  streets  are  remarkably  neat  and 
beautifully  paved.  There  is  a  fine  alameda  in  the  centre 
of  the  city,  and  three  outside  the  walls.  The  town  has  a 
theatre,  the  aucHencia  in  the  buildings  formerly  occupied 
by  the  Inquisition,  a  cathedral,  a  gigantic  mole,  3  churches 
and  a  chapel,  6  convents,  10  hermitages,  a  general  hospital, 
a  hospital  for  elephantiasis,  an  orphan  asylum,  a  foundling 
hospital,  a  magdalcn  asylum,  an  academy  of  design,  an 
aqueduct,  an  institute  for  the  higher  branches  of  education, 
with  a  rector  and  20  professors  and  masters,  a  aeminan'o, 
where  the  classics,  theology,  and  other  sciences  are  taught, 
and  which  is  resorted  to  from  all  the  islands,  a  literary 
and  musical  society,  boards  of  commerce  and  agriculture, 
and  2  libraries.  It  has  manufactures  of  hats,  delft,  wool- 
lens, glass,  leather,  linens,  flour,  and  sailing-tackle;  but  the 
principal  branches  of  industry  are  ship-building,  fishing, 
and  navigation,  and  some  trade  with  the  neighboring 
islands,  the  West  Indies,  and  Europe.  It  is  also  called 
Puerto  de  la  Luz.     Pop.  12,512. 

Las  Pedrofleras,  lis  pi-Dron-yi'ris,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  53  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Cucnca.     Pop.  3417. 

La  Spezia,  li  spfid'ze-i,  sometimes  written  Specia, 
a  maritime  town  of  Italy,  in  Liguria,  at  the  head  of  tho 
Bay  of  Spezia,  an  inlet  of  the  Gulf  of  Genoa,  8J  miles  W. 
of  Sarzana,  and  about  60  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Genoa. 
Pop.  24,127.  It  is  finely  situated.  The  principal  edifices 
are  a  citadel,  an  ancient  castle  of  tho  Visconti,  and  a  great 
naval  arsenal.  It  has  one  of  the  largest  and  best  harbors 
in  Europe,  and  is  an  important  naval  station.  Among  the 
chief  exports  are  olive  oil,  paving-stones,  and  wine. 

Las  Pilas,  lis  pee'lis,  a  volcano  of  Nicaragua,  N.W. 
of  Leon  Lake.     Height,  3985  feet. 

Lassa,  or  H'Lassa,  h'lis'si  (i.e.,  "  land  of  the  divine 
intelligence"),  the  capital  city  of  Thibet,  and  residence  of 
the  Grand  Lama,  on  an  affluent  of  the  San-Poo.  Lat.  29*' 
30'  N.;  Ion.  91°  40'  E.  Pop.  25,000.  It  has  handsomo 
streets,  numerous  towers,  bazaars,  and  temples.  The  great 
temple  of  Booddha,  also  the  residence  of  the  Grand  Lama, 
the  pontifical  sovereign  of  Thibet  and  East  Asia,  is  a  vast 
square  edifice,  covering,  with  its  precincts,  many  acres,  its 
centre  being  surmounted  by  a  gilded  dome ;  contiguous  to 
it,  on  its  four  sides,  are  four  celebrated  monasteries,  greatly 
resorted  to  by  the  Chinese  and'  Mongols  as  schools  of  tho 
Booddhio  religion  and  philosophy.  The  interior  of  the  tem- 
ple is  said  to  be  full  of  idols,  treasure,  and  works  of  art. 
The  offerings  are  enormous;  and  the  Lama  is  said  to  be  the 
most  opulent  individual  in  existence.  Lassa  is  a  place  of 
large  trade  in  silk,  wool,  goats'  hair,  woollen,  cashmere, 
and  linen  fabrics,  velvets,  assafoetida,  bezoar,  fruits,  bul- 
lion, and  precious  stones;  its  commerce  extends  to  India, 
China,  and  many  parts  of  Central  Asia,  and  its  lapidaries, 
workers  in  metals,  and  engravers  equal  the  Chinese. 

Lassa,  Arabia.    See  Lahsa. 

Lassan,  lis'sin,  a  town  of  Prussian  Pomerania,  40  miles 
S.E.  of  Stralsund,  on  the  Peene.     Pop.  2417. 

Lassay,  lis^si',  a  town  of  France,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Mayenne.     Pop.  1576. 

Las'sellsville,  or  Las'ellsville,  a  post-village  of 
Fulton  CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Ephratah  township,  36  miles  E.  of 
Utica.  It  has  2  churches,  a  nursery,  3  stores,  manufactures 
of  carriages  and  mittens,  and  40  dwellings. 

Las'sen,  a  largo  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  California, 
borders  on  Nevada.  It  is  drained  by  the  Pitt  and  Susan 
Rivers.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  and  is  diversified  by 
arid  plains  overgrown  with  sage,  or  aWemisi'a,  and  several 
lakes,  among  which  is  Honey  Lake.  The  S.  and  S.W.  part 
of  the  county  is  occupied  bj'  mountains  of  the  Sierra  Ne- 
vada, which  are  covered  with  forests  of  fir  and  pine.  Tho 
soil  of  the  valleys  is  partly  fertile,  but  it  comprises  ex- 
tensive plains  of  barren  sand.  Barley,  oats,  haj',  and 
butter  are  the  staple  products.  Silver  is  found  in  thia 
county.     The  Nevada,  California  A  Oregon  Railroad  trav- 


LAS 


'1614 


LAT 


•nea  purt  of  the  S.E.  pnrtiun  of  this  county.  Area,  4800 
'•quaremilea.  Capital,  Susanri lie.  Pop.  in  1870,  1327; 
In  1880,  3340;  in  180U,  423U. 

Lataen**  Peak,  California,  a  peak  of  the  Sierra 
Nenula,  on  the  boundiiry  between  Pluinan  and  Shasta  cos. 
It  is  lomctimos  cnllo<l  Mount  Losaen.  Its  latitude  i«  40° 
88'  N.,  and  its  altitude  10,577  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
pea.  It  is  of  volcanio  origin,  and  u  partly  composed  of 
•  lava  and  trachyte. 

LnNseubCflds^iiub',  A  market-town  of  Fnince,  in  Bassos- 
Pyri5n6es,  6  milos  E.N.E.  of  Oloron.     Pop.  2511. 

Lns'sitcr's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C. 

Ij'Assomptioii,  ]&s'sdN*^8e-6N*',  a  river  of  Quebec, 
tnkos  its  rise  in  rear  of  Joliotto  co.,  and,  following  a  ser- 
pentine course  of  over  100  miles  through  a  mountainous 
country,  discharges  itself  into  tho  St.  Lawrence  above  the 
village  of  Kcpontigny.  It  is  navigable,  and  much  timber 
is  sent  down  it.     It  abounds  with  fish. 

L'Assomption,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Quebec, 
bordering  on  the  river  St.  Lawrence.  Area,  158,761  acres. 
It  is  watered  by  tho  Mascouche,  Achigan,  and  L'Assomption 
Rivers.    Capital,  L'Assomption.     Pop.  15,473. 

I<*As90niption,  the  chief  town  of  L'Assomption  co., 
■Quebec,  on  a  peninsula  formed  by  tho  L'Assomption  River, 
'24  miles  N.  of  Montreal.  It  contains  about  20  stores,  a 
■college,  and  a  church.  Steamers  run  daily,  in  summer,  be- 
tween Montreal  and  L'Assomption.     Pop.  1210. 

Las^soor',  a  town  of  British  India,  presidency  of  Bom- 
bay, district  of  Candoish,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Choprah. 

Lass'wade,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  6  miles  S.E. 
of  Edinburgh,  with  coal-  and  iron-mines,  carpet-works  and 
other  factories,  and  fine  villas.    Pop.  1258;  of  parish,  7098. 

Last  Chance,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lucas  co.,  Iowa,  in 
■Union  township,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Woodburn.    It  has  a  church. 

liastobon,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Lagosta.  ' 

Lastocz,  lish'tots^  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Zem- 
plin.     Pop.  1148. 

Lastomer,  IJlsHo^main',  or  Lasztomir,  l&sHo^meen', 
a  village  of  Hungary,  on  the  Laborcz,  3  miles  from  Nagy- 
Mihaly.     Pop.  1342. 

Lastra,  l&s'tri,  or  Gangalandi,  g9,n-gil-lin'deo,  a 
village  of  Tuscany,  5  miles  W.  of  Florence,  on  the  Arno. 
Pop.,  including  Signa,  10,276.  It  hoa  important  manufac- 
tures of  straw  hats. 

Lastres,  lis'trfis,  a  seaport  town  of  Spain,  in  Asturias, 
32  miles  E.N.E.  of  Oviedo,  on  the  Bay  of  Biscay. 

Las  Vegas,  lis  vi'g&s,  a  post-village,  capital  of  San 
Miguel  CO.,  New  Mexico,  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  A  Santa 
F6  Railroad,  about  48  miles  E.S.E.  of  Santa  F6.  It  is 
surrounded  by  a  fertile  country,  in  which  liiriestone  and 
gypsum  are  found.  Three  newspapers  are  published  here. 
Las  Vegas  has  7  churches,  2  banks,  public  and  other  schools, 
a  convent,  Ac.  About  3,000,000  pounds  of  wool  are  annually 
exported  from  this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  2385. 

Las^war'ee,  a  village  of  India,  province  of  Delhi,  on 
a  stream  of  the  same  name,  66  miles  N.W.  of  Agra,  mem- 
orable for  a  battle  fought  in  its  vicinity  in  1803,  when  the 
British  defeated  the  troops  of  Dowlet  Row  Scindia. 

Lasztomir,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Lastomeu. 

Laszyn,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Lesse:^. 

Lata,  Ifl'ti^,  a  town  of  Turkish  Armenia,  pashalic  and 
45  miles  N.W.  of  Van. 

Latacunga,  a  town  of  Ecuador.    See  Tacunga. 

Latakeea,  or  Latakieh,  li'ta-kee'a,  written  also 
Ladikiaand  Ladikiychjli^de-kee'y^h  {a.nc.  La  oil  ice' a 
nd  Ma're),  a  seaport  town  of  Syria,  70  miles  N.  of  Tripoli, 
■on  the  Mediterranean,  in  lat.  35°  30'  N.,  Ion.  35°  48'  E. 
Pop.  about  10,000.  It  consists  of  an  upper  and  a  lower 
town,  separated  by  gardens.  The  lower  town,  which  is  tho 
■principal  resort  of  the  seafaring  population,  borders  on  a 
well-sheltered  but  shallow  harbor,  having  on  its  N.  side  a 
ruined  castle.  Here  are  the  custom-house  and  several 
large  warehouses.  Tho  upper  town,  dilapidated  by  re- 
peated earthquakes,  has  narrow  and  irregular  streets,  flat- 
roofed  stone  houses,  several  Greek  churches  and  mosques,  a 
Roman  triumphal  arch,  and  many  remains  of  the  ancient 
city.  Principal  exports,  tobacco  of  tho  finest  quality,  cot- 
ton, wax,  scammony,  and  sponge.  Imports,  sugar,  coflfee, 
■pices,  cotton  twist,  printed  goods,  and  woollens. 

Latakoo,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Lattakoo. 

Latcha,  or  Latscha,  ld'ch&,  a  lake  of  Russia,  in  the 
6.E.  part  of  the  government  of  Olonets,  oval-shaped,  22 
miles  long  from  N.  to  S.,  and  12  miles  broad. 

Latch'a,  or  Latch'ie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wood  co.,  0., 
in  Lake  township,  on  the  Mansfield,  Coldwater  k  Lake 
Michigan  Railroad,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Toledo.  It  has  a  saw- 
.niill  and  a  manufactory  of  staves  and  heading. 


La  Techc,  I&  tush,  a  post-village  of  St.  Mary's  parish 
La.,  on  the  navigable  Bayou  Tcche,  3  miles  N.  of  Franklin! 
It  has  a  church,  an  orphans'  home,  and  a  sugar-uiill. 

Latcra,  lil-tA'r&,  a  town  of  Italy,  14  miles  S.  of  Acqua. 
pendente.     Pop.  1213. 

Latcrina,  lil-td-ree'n!l,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Arezzo,  on  the  Arno,  with  mineral  »])ring8.     Pop.  1230, 

Laterri^re,  li't6r'r?-air',  or  Grand  Urul^,  grftx* 
brllMi',  a  post-village  in  Chicoutimi  co.,  Quebec,  12  uiilui 
S.  of  Chicoutimi.     Pop.  225. 

Latcrza,  l&-t6nd'zA,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Leccc,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Taranto.     Pop.  5318. 

Late's  Mines,  a  station  in  Harrison  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Clarksburg. 

La  Tcste-de-Buch,  II  tist-d?h-bUsh,  a  town  uf 
France,  Gironde,  in  the  heaths,  on  tho  S.  side  of  the  r.a.<- 
sin  d'Arcachon,  and  30  miles  S.W.  of  Bordeaux  by  railway. 
It  is  a  sea-bathing  place,  and  has  considerable  trade,  and 
manufactures  of  resin,  oil  of  turpentine,  Ac.     Pop.  459C. 

La'tham,  a  post-village  of  Logan  co.,  III.,  on  the  Pekln 
Branch  of  the  Wabash  Railroad,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Decatur. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  gr.adcd  school. 

Latham,  a  post-oflice  of  Webster  co.,  Iowa. 

Latham,  or  Stcphcntown  Centre,  a  village  of 
Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Stcphcntown  township,  2  iniloi 
from  Stcphcntown  Station.  It  has  a  church,  a  brush-fno- 
tory,  4  turning-shops  which  make  brush-handles,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  35  houses. 

Latham,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co.,  0.,  in  Mifflin  town- 
ship, about  24  miles  S.W.  of  Chillicothe.     It  has  a  church. 

Latham,  a  post-oSice  of  Lane  co.,  Oregon,  on  the  Ore- 
gon &  California  Railroad,  21  miles  S.  of  Eugene  City. 

Latham,  a  station  in  Sweetwater  co.,  Wyoming,  on  thi 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  101  miles  E.  of  Green  River  City. 

La'tham  Island,  near  the  E.  coast  of  Africa,  lat.  6°  54' 
S.,  Ion.  40°  E..  is  1000  feet  in  length.     It  has  afforded  guano. 

Lat'ham's,  a  post-office  of  Beaufort  co.,  N.C. 

Latham  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Moniteau  co.,  Mo., 
8  miles  S.  of  Clarksburg  Station. 

La'throp,  a  post-village  of  San  Joaquin  co.,  Cal.,  at 
the  junction  of  three  railroads,  and  on  the  San  Joaqnin 
River,  9  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Stockton,  and  58  miles  8.  of 
Sacramento.     It  has  a  church  and  a  public  school. 

Lathrop,  Delta  co.,  Mich.     See  Centreville. 

Lathrop,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co..  Mo.,  in  Lathrop 
township,  on  the  Hannibal  A  St.  Joseph  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  A  Northern  Railroad,  36 
miles  E.S.E.  of  St.  Joseph,  and  38  miles  N.N.E.  of  Kansas 
City.  It  has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school, 
and  4  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  1082  ;  of  the  township,  2566. 

Lathrop,  a  post-township  of  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  24 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Scranton.     Pop.  of  township,  983. 

Lathrop,  a  station  on  the  Corning,  Cowanesque  A  An- 
trim Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Lawrcnceville,  Pa. 

Latiano,  li-te-i'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Lccce, 
14  miles  S.  of  Brindisi.     Pop.  5953. 

Latin  6,  li'tee^yi',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Vicnne,  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Poitiers.     Pop.  1346. 

Lat'imer,  a  station  in  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  on  the  Atlantio 
and  Great  Western  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Young?- 
town  A  Andover  Branch  of  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  14 
miles  E.  of  Warren,  and  20  miles  N.  of  Youngstown. 

Lat'imore,  a  post-township  of  Adams  co.,  Pa.,  about 
20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Harrisburg.     Pop.  1230. 

Latimore  Creek,  of  Pennsylvania,  enters  the  Cone 
wago  in  Adams  co. 

Latisana,  lA-te-si'nl,  a  town  of  Italy,  23  miles  S.S.AV. 
of  Udine.     Pop.  4913. 

Latinm,  Italy.    See  CAMPAG>fA  m  RofA. 

Lato'na,  a  post-office  of  Jasper  co.,  111. 

Latopolis,  the  ancient  name  of  Esveh. 

Latorcza,  loh'tont'soh*,  a  river  of  Hungary,  joins  tne 
Bodrogh  a  little  above  Zemplin.     Total  course,  90  miles. 

La  Tortue,  Id  tou'tll',  a  post-village  in  Laprairie  co., 
Quebec,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Laprairie.     Pop.  100. 

La  Tour  d'Aigues,  Id  toon  daig,  a  town  of  Franco, 
in  Vaucluse,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Pertuis.     Pop.  1606. 

La  Tour  d'Auvergne,  Id  toon  dOVainri',  a  market- 
town  of  France,  in  Puy-de-D6me,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Clermont- 
Ferrand.     Pop.  758. 

La  Tour  de  Cordouan,  Id  toou  d?h  Kon'doo-fts^, 
a  light-house  at  the  mouth  of  the  Gironde,  on  a  rock,  th« 
remnant  of  the  island  of  Antros,  60  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bor- 
deaux.    The  light-house  is  207  feet  in  elevation. 

La  Tour  de  France,  Id  toou  d?h  fr5Nss,  a  village  of 
France,  in  Pyrcn6es-0rientales,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Por- 
pignan.     Pop.  1259. 


LAT 


1615 


tAir 


.  La  Tour  de  Peil,  li  toon  d§h  pil,  a  town  of  Switzer- 
land, canton  of  Vaud,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Lake  of  Ge- 
neva, 1  mile  S.E.  of  Vevay.     Pop.  1212. 

La  Tour  du  Pin,  li  tooR  dii  piN»,  a  village  of  France, 
in  Is6re,  31  milos  E.S.E.  of  Lyons.  Pop.  2731.  It  has  coal- 
mines and  manufactures  of  silk  and  leather. 

La  Trappe,  14  trdpp,  a  famous  Benedictine  convent 
of  France,  department  of  Orne,  near  Soligny,  6  miles  N.  of 
Mortagne.  It  was  founded  in  1140,  suppressed  at  the  revo- 
lution of  1789,  but  restored  to  the  order  in  1815. 

La  Trinite,  the  French  name  of  TnisiDAD. 

Latrobe^  la-trob',  a  post-hamlet  of  EI  Dorado  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  Sacramento  Valley  it  Placcrville  llailroad,  38  miles 
E.  of  Sacramento. 

Latrobe^  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co.,  Neb.,  on  the 
Atchison  <fc  Nebraska  Railroad,  about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Lincoln.     It  has  2  churches. 

Latrobe,  a  post-office  of  Athens  co.,  0. 

Latrobe,  a  post-borough  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  on 
Loyalhanna  Creek,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Ligonier  Valley  Railroad,  41  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Pittsburg.  It  contains  7  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
bank,  a  paper-mill,  a  convent,  St.  Vincent's  College,  car- 
works,  2  flour-mills,  a  machine-shop,  <fcc.     P.  (1890)  3589. 

Latrobe  River,  the  largest  stream  in  Gipps'  Land, 
Victoria,  Australia,  rises  in  the  S.  ranges  of  the  Baw-Baw 
Mountains,  near  lat.  37°  50'  S.  It  flows  first  S.  through  a 
mountainous  country,  then  E.  through  a  level  region,  and 
falls  into  Lake  Wellington.     Length,  90  miles. 

Latronico,  lS,-tron'e-ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
40  miles  S.E.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  3177. 

Latscha,  a  lake  of  Russia.     See  Latcha. 

Lattai,  lit'ti,  Latte,  lit'tee,  or  Lette,  ISt'tee,  one 
of  the  Feejee  Islands.     Lat.  18°  49'  S. ;  Ion.  174°  35'  W. 

LatUakoo',  or  Lat^akoo',  written  also  Litakou, 
it  populous  town  of  South  Africa,  Bechuana  country.  Lat. 
27°  10'  S.;  Ion.  24°  30'  E.  Old  Lattakoo  is  33  miles 
northeastward.    See  Mashow. 

Lat'ta-Lat'ta  Isles,  a  group  in  the  Malay  Archipel- 
ago, off  the  W.  coast  of  Gilolo.     Lat.  0°  15'  S. ;  Ion.  178° 
33'  W.     The  largest  is  25  miles  in  circumference. 
.   Latta's,  a  post-office  of  Ross  co.,  0.    See  Lattaville. 

Lat'tasburg,  a  post- village  of  Chester  township,  Wayne 
eo.,  0.,  about  10  miles  N.W.  of  Wooster.  It  has  3  churches, 
l2  hotels,  and  2  stores. 

Latta's  Mills,  Ontario.    See  Plainpield. 

Lat'taville,a  hamlet  of  Ross  co.,  0.,  about  14  miles  W. 
of  Chillicothe.     Post-office,  Latta's. 

Lat'tiiigton,  a  hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  4  miles  from 
New  Hamburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Latt'ner's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa,  in 
iCentre  township,  3  miles  N.  of  Poosta  Station,  and  14  miles 
W.  of  Dubuque.     It  has  a  church  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Lat'ty,  a  post-office  of  Des  Moines  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad,  9  miles  N. 
'  if  Burlington. 

Latty,  a  township  of  Paulding  co.,  0.     Pop.  294. 

Latzfons,  lits'fons,  a  village  of  Austria,  Tyrol,  circle 
if  Botzen.     Pop.  1227. 

Latzhaza,  or  Laczhasa,  13.ts'hoh^sdh\  a  village  of 

angary,  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  3632. 

Latzunas,  lit'zoon'nosV,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
iTemes,  18  miles  from  Versecz.  Pop.  1265. 
f  Lanbach,  16w'b3,K,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Hesse,  15 
piles  E.S.E.  of  Giessen.  Pop.  1724. 
*■  Laubach,  law'bak,  a  hamlet  in  Northampton  co..  Pa., 
ton  the  Lehigh  <t  Susquehanna  Railroad,  2  miles  N.W.  of 
jlCatasauqua.  It  has  a  union  church,  also  a  flour-mill  and 
joement-works. 

1  Lauban,  ISw'bin,  or  Liiben,  lii'b?n,  a  town  of 
J'russian  Silesia,  at  a  railway  junction,  40  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Liegnitz,  on  the  Queiss.  Pop.  10,076,  employed  in  manu- 
jfactures  of  woollens,  cloth,  cotton,  bells,  linen,  and  tobacco. 
L  Laubendorf,  low'b^n-donr,  or  Limberg,  lim'bdRO, 
p  village  of  Bohemia,  8  miles  from  Bistrau.     Pop.  1420. 

Lauch,  losh,  a  river  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  joins  the 
111  after  a  course  of  about  33  miles. 

Laucha,  Iow'kA,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  17  miles 
3.W.  of  Merseburg,  on  the  Unstrut.     Pop.  2236. 

Lauchheim,  lowK'hime,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  circle 
»f  Jaxt,  on  the  Jaxt  River.     Pop.  1226. 

Lauch stiidt,  ISwK'st^tt,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  8 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Hallo.     Pop.  1897. 

Land,  lawd,  a  post-office  of  Whitley  co.,  Ind.,  about  20 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Fort  AVayne. 

■'Landa,  ISw'di,  a  walled  town  of  Baden,  circle  of  Lower 
Rhine,  on  the  Tauber.    Pop.  1338. 


Laudeck,  Allen  co.,  0.    See  Landeck. 

Laudenbach,  low'd?n-biK\  a  village  of  Germany,  in 
Baden,  circle  of  Lower  Rhine.     Pop.  1404. 

Laudenbach,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg,  circle  of  Jaxt, 
bailiwick  of  Mergentheim.     Pop.  1070. 

Lauder,  law'd^r,  or  Leader,  lee'd^r,  a  river  of  Scot- 
land, Berwickshire,  falls  into  the  Tweed  near  Melrose. 

Lauder,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Berwick,  on  the 
Lauder,  23  miles  S.E.  of  Edinburgh.  It  has  a  town  house, 
several  libraries,  and  a  branch  bank.  It  unites  with  Had- 
dington, &c.,  in  sending  one  member  to  the  House  of  Com- 
mons.    Pop.  1046. 

Lauderdale  (i.e.,  the  "dale  or  valley  of  tho  Lauder"), 
anciently  the  western  district  of  Berwickshire,  gives  the 
title  of  Earl  to  the  Maitland  family,  whose  spacious  and 
stately  castle  of  Thirlestane  adjoins  the  borough  of  Lauder. 

Lauderdale,  law'd^r-dale,  the  most  northwestern 
county  of  Alabama,  borders  on  Tennessee.  Area,  about  682 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  navigable  Ten- 
nessee River,  and  is  drained  by  Cypress  and  Shoal  Creeks. 
The  surface  is  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  Limestone  underlies  part  of  the 
soil.  This  county  is  entered  by  the  East  Tennessee,  Vir- 
ginia &  Georgia  Railroad,  and  traversed  by  the  Louisville 
&  Nashville  llailroad.  Capital,  Florence.  Pop.  in  1870,' 
15,091;  in  1880,  21,035;  in  1890,  23,739. 

Lauderdale,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Mississippi, 
bordering  on  Alabama,  has  an  area  of  about  680  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Chickasawha  River,  and  is 
also  drained  by  several  affluents  of  the  same.  The  surface 
is  extensively  covered  with  pine  forests.  The  soil  is  partly 
fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  Mobile  &  Ohio,  Queen  &  Crescent, 
and  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroads,  all  of 
which  connect  with  Meridian,  the  capital  of  this  county. 
Pop.  in  1870,  13,462;  in  1880,  21,501 ;  in  1890,  29,661. 

Lauderdale,  a  county  of  West  Tennessee,  has  an  area 
of  about  450  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the 
Ilatchie  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Mississippi  River, 
and  is  also  drained  by  the  Forked  Deer  Creek.  The  surface 
is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  New- 
port News  &  Mississippi  Valley  Railroad,  which  passes 
through  the  county  from  N.  to  S.,  connecting  with  Ripley, 
the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,838;  in  1880,  14,918;  in 
1890,  18,756. 

Lauderdale  Station,  a  post-village  of  Lauderdale 
CO.,  Miss.,  on  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  18  miles  N.E. 
of  Meridian.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill.  Pop. 
about  400. 

Laudun,  lo^dHN»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gard,  13  miles 
N.E.  of  Uzes,  on  the  Tave.     Pop.  1710. 

Lauenbiirg,  16w'fin-boSRG\  a  district  of  Prussia,  for- 
merly a  duchy  under  the  King  of  Denmark,  but  annexed  to 
Germany  at  the  same  time  with  Sleswick  and  Holstein.  In 
1876  it  was  merged  in  Sleswick.  It  is  situated  between 
lat.  52°  21'  and  53°  48'  N.  and  Ion.  10°  13'  and  11°  3'  E., 
bounded  N.  by  Lubeck,  E.  by  Mecklenburg-Schwerin,  S. 
by  the  Elbe,  and  W.  by  Holstein.  Area,  453  square  miles. 
It  has  a  population  of  about  50,000. 

Lauenburg,  the  capital  of  the  above,  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Elbe,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Delvenau,  and  on  a  rail- 
way, 27  miles  S.E.  of  Hamburg.  Pop.,  with  suburbs,  4625; 
It  has  ruins  of  a  castle,  a  custom-house,  and  an  extensive 
transit  trade. 

Lauenburg,  15w'?n-b56RG\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Pomerania,  68  miles  E.N.E.  of  Coslin,  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Leba.  Pop.  7165.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen 
cloth,  linens,  leather,  liquors,  hats,  <tc. 

Lauf,  lowf,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  10  miles  by  rail  E.N.E. 
of  Nuremberg,  on  the  Pegnitz.  Pop.  3298,  with  manufac- 
tures of  wire,  brass,  needles,  and  plate-glass. 

Laufach,  ISw'fiK,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  8  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Aschaffenburg.     Pop.  1031. 

Laufen,  low'f^n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Salzach,  10 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Salzburg.     Pop.  2149. 

Lauffen,  or  Laufen,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on  tho 
Neckar,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Heilbronn.  Pop.  3418.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  convent,  and  a  palace. 

Lauffen,  lowff^n  (Fr.  Lanffon,  lorf6N»'),  a  walled 
town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  33  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bern, 
on  the  Birs.     Pop.  1226. 

Lauffen  am  Neckar,  Wiirtemberg.    SeeLAnrPEN.. 

Lautfenburg,  16wf'f?n-bo6RG^,  or  Klein  Laufen- 
ttiirg,  kline  15w'ffn-b6oRG\  a  village  in  the  S.E.  part- of 


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Daden,  on  the  Rhine,  opposite  the  village  of  Laafenburg 
in  SwitserUnd,  canton  of  Aargau,  to  which  it  it  oonaeoted 
bj  a  wooden  bridge  jiut  above  the  cataract  of  Laufcn. 

Ijaaghame*  law'harn,  a  aeaport  town  of  Wales,  co. 
and  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Carmarthen,  on  the  estuary  of  the 
Taff  and  Towj.  The  town,  which  is  remarkably  well  built, 
has  the  mias  of  a  castle,  and  is  much  resorted  to  in  summer 
by  visitors.    Pop.  of  parish,  17^. 

Laughery*  l&h'h^r-e,  a  township  of  Ripley  oo.,  Ind. 
Pop.  1S74. 

JUaughery  Creek,  Indiana,  runs  nearly  southward 
through  Ripley  oo.,  then  northeastward,  and  forms  the 
boundary  between  Dearborn  and  Ohio  ooa.,  until  it  enters 
the  Ohio  River  2  or  3  miles  below  Aurora.  It  is  nearly  ?5 
miles  long. 

Laughlan  (l&H']%n)  Islands,  a  group  of  nine  low 
islets  in  the  South  Pacific,  £.  point  in  lat.  9°  19'  3"  S.,  Ion. 
153°  4S'  40"  E. 

Liaughlin,  l&H'lin,  n  station  on  the  Pittsburg  i  Connells- 
nllo  Railroad,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

Laughlintown,  I6a'lin-tuwn,  a  post-village  of  West- 
moreland CO.,  Pa.,  about  60  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It 
is  at  the  base  of  Laurel  Hill,  which  contains  coal  and  iron. 

liauhcim,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg.    See  Laupbeim. 

liniiingeu,  lOw'ing-^n,  a  torn  of  Bavaria,  in  Swabia, 
on  the  Danube,  26  miles  N.W.  of  Augsburg.  Pop.  3784. 
It  bos  a  castle,  a  church  with  remarkable  sculptures,  and 
manufactures  of  woollen  and  cotton  fabrics. 

Laujar,  Lauxar,  luw-Haa',  or  Laiuar-de-Anda- 
rax,  low-HaR'-di-in-di-rin',  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  IS  miles  N.W.  of  Almoira,  on  the  S.  slope  of  the  Sierra 
Nevada.     Pop.  4435. 

liaumellum,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Lovello. 

liaun,  Idwn,  or  Lanny,  low'nce,  a  town  of  Bohemia, 
10  miles  N.E.  of  Saatz,  on  the  Eger.     Pop.  3264. 

laaunceston,  lins'tpn,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  (Corn- 
wall, on  the  Kensey,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Tavistock,  and  about 
22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Plymouth,  to  which  a  railway  extends. 
It  is  built  on  a  steep  hill.  The  chief  buildings  are  the 
castle  founded  by  the  ancient  Cornish  princes,  and  formerly 
known  under  the  name  of  Castle  Terrible,  the  old  town 
gates,  the  ancient  church  built  of  granite,  the  grammar- 
school,  a  national  school,  guild  hall,  Jail,  and  workhouse. 
It  has  also  a  library  and  a  philosophical  society.  It  sends 
one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.     Pop.  (1S91)  4345. 

Iiaunceston,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Cornwall,  and  second 
town  of  Tasmania,  is  situated  at  the  confluence  of  the 
North  and  South  Esk  Rivers  with  the  Tamar,  2S  miles  S.E. 
of  George  Town.  It  is  thriving,  and  has  important  traffic 
with  South  Australia  and  Victoria.  The  principal  build- 
ings are  a  spacious  church,  government  house,  court-house, 
jail,  barracks,  public  schools,  post-oflice,  and  bank.  Rail- 
ways extend  to  Hobart  Town  and  Deloraine.     Pop.  15,000. 

Launch'ing,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  7  miles  from  Georgetown.     Pop.  150. 

La  Union,  \k  oo-n^-on',  a  town  of  San  Salvador,  in 
Central  America,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Gulf  of  Fonseca, 
about  30  miles  W.  of  Amapala,  at  the  foot  of  the  volcano 
Conchagua.  It  has  an  excellent  and  spacious  port,  and  a 
good  trade.     Pop.  3000. 

liauny,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Laun. 

Laupen,  ISw'p^n,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
li  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bern,  on  the  Saane. 

Iiauper8Weil,IC)w'p9rs-<^ile\  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  14  miles  from  Bern,  near  the  Emmen.  Pop.  2740. 

Liaupheim,  ICw'f  ime,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  12  miles 
N.X.W.  of  Biberach,     Pop.  4322. 

Laur,  Jefferson  co..  111.     See  Williamsburq. 

JLaura,  law'ra,  a  post- village  of  Miami  co.,  0.,  in  Union 
township,  8  miles  £.  of  Arcanum.     It  has  2  churches. 

Laura,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  Va. 

Xjauracum,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Latrac. 

Laura  Furnace,  a  post-office  of  Trigg  co.,  Ky. 

Lauraguais,  lo^r&'g4',  a  small  ancient  district  of 
France,  formerly  dependent  on  Languedoc,  and  now  in- 
cluded in  the  department  of  Tarn. 

Lauramie,  law'r%-me,  a  township  of  Tippecanoe  co., 
Ind.  Pop.  2444.  It  contains  Clarkville,  Colbom,  Concord, 
and  Stockwell. 

Lauras,  a  village  of  Italy.    See  Luras. 

Laura  (law'ra)  Town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.. 
Ark.,  4  miles  S.  of  Powhatan,  and  6  miles  W.  of  Minturn. 
tjL  has  2  or  3  churches. 

Lauratou'n,  a  township  of  Stokes  co.,  N.C.    P.  1117. 

Laura rille,  law'ra-vll,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co., 
Md.,  about  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Baltimore. 

Laureana,  Uiw-ii-&'n&  (aac.  BarMat),  ^  town  gf 


Italy,  province  of  Reggio  di  Calabria,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Niootera.     Pop.  5807. 

Laurel,  law'r^l,  a  southeastern  county  of  Krr v~ 

has  an  area  of  aboat  400  square  miles.  It  is  bound 
W.  by  the  Rook  Castle  River,  an  afllaent  of  the  Tn 
River,  which  touches  the  S.AV.  part  of  the  r 
partly  drained  by  Laurel  Creek.     The  surla 
mostly  covered  with  forests.     Indian  com,  '       . 
are  the  staple  products.    Coal  is  fuuud  bore.    'I'tiis  c 
traversed  by  the  Louisville  A,  Nashville  Railroad. 
London.    Pop.  in  1870,6016;  in  1880,9131;  in  ' 

Laurel,  a  post-village  of  Sussex  co.,  I 
Creek,  and  on  the  Delaware  Railroad,  90  nil 
mington,  and  6  miles  S.  of  Seaford.     It  has  3  ur  4  uiiur«ii«t, 
an   aoademy,  a  large  flonring-mill,  and  manufacturw  of 
fruit-baskets,  crates,  <tc     Pop.  1080. 

Laurel,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  oo.,  Ind.,  in  Lasnl 
township,  on  the  Whitewater  River,  and  on  the  Cineiwati 
<!fc  Whitewater  Valley  Railroad,  II  miles  S.  of  Conoersvillt^ 
and  about  32  miles  S.S.W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  4  ohurelMi^ 
a  seminary,  a  foundry,  a  paper-mill,  a  flour-uill,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  741 ;  of  the  township,  1942. 

Laurel,  a  post-offico  of  Marshall  co.,  Iowa. 

Laurel,  a  station  in  Greenup  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  FiitMa 
Kentucky  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Rivcrton. 

Laurel,  formerly  Laurel  Factory,  a  post-village  of 
Prinoe  George's  oo.,  Md.,  on  the  South  Branch  of  thi 
Patuxent  River,  and  on  the  Washington  Branch  of  theBal* 
timore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  22  miles  S.W.  of  Baltimore.  Hon 
is  a  cotton-factory,  also  iron-works.     Pop.  1148. 

Laurel,  a  township  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  456. 

Laurel,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  N.C. 

Laurel,  a  post-village  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  3  miles  tttm 
the  Ohio  River,  and  about  24  miles  S.E.  of  CincinnatL  II 
has  a  church  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  126. 

Laurel,  a  township  of  Hocking  co.,  0.  Pop.  1343.  B 
contains  Gibsonville. 

Laurel,  a  station  in  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Wilniii|^ 
ton  &  Reading  Railroad,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Cootesville. 

Laurel,  a  post-office  of  York  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Ptad  ) 
Bottom  Railroad,  19  miles  S.E.  of  York. 

Laurel  Blooin'ery,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  co.,  ( 
Tenn.,  20  miles  S.  of  Abingdon,  Va.  It  has  a  bloomeiy  or  i 
manufactory  of  iron,  a  saw-mill,  ka. 

Laurel  Bluff,  a  post-office  of  Muhlenburg  co.,  Ky. 

Laurel  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.C. 

Laurel  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  W.  Va. 

Laurel  Creek,  a  station  in  San  Mateo  co.,  Cal.,  on  tho 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  23  miles  S.S.E.  of  San  Francisco. 

Laurel  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Ky.  j 

Laurel  Creek,  a  mountainous  township  of  Watosp  I 
CO.,  N.C.     Post-office,  Beech  Creek.     Pop.  585. 

Laurel  Dale,  a  post-office  of  Mineral  co.,  W.  Va. 

Laurel  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Buncombe  co.,  N.C. 

Laurel  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Vo. 

Laurel  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  Tenn. 

Laurel  Grove,  a  post-office  of  St.  Mary's  co.,  Md. 

Laurel  Grove,  a  post-v-illage  of  Pittsylvania  co.,  Vs., 
16  miles  E.  of  Danville.  It  has  a  church,  a  machine-shop, 
a  foundry,  «fec. 

Laurel  Hill,  a  village  of  Fulton  co.,  III.,  in  Farmen 
township,  on  the  Rockford,  Rock  Island  k  St.  Louis  Bail- 
road,  4i  miles  N.  of  Vermont.  Here  is  Table  Grove  Post- 
Office.  It  has  4  churches,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  car- 
riages, and  ploughs. 

Laurel  Mill,  a  hamlet  of  Johnson  oo.,  Ky.,  22  milei 
S.  of  Willard.     It  has  a  church. 

Laurel  Hill,  a  station  in  West  Feliciana  parish,  Ia., 
on  the  West  Feliciana  Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  Bayou  Sara. 

Laurel  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Neshoba  co.,  Miss. 

Laurel  Hill,  a  village  in  Newtown  township,  Queeni 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Flushing  <t  North  Side  Railroad,  2  miles 
E.  of  Hunter's  Point,  and  on  the  navigable  Newtown  Crock. 
It  has  a  church,  large  chemical  works,  a  white-plaster  he- 
tory,  marble-works,  and  extensive  docks  on  the  creek. 
Street-railways  connect  it  with  Brooklyn. 

Laurel  Hill,  a  township  of  Lincoln  co.,  N.C.  Pop. 430. 

Laurel  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richmond  oo.,  N.C,  in 
Laurel  Hill  township,  on  the  Carolina  Central  Railroad,  100 
miles  W.N.W,  of  Wilmington.    Pop.  of  the  township,  2127. 

Laurel  Hill,  Pennsylvania,  a  long  mountain-ridg* 
which  forms  the  boundary  between  Somerset  co.  on  the  E. 
or  S.E.  and  the  counties  of  Fayette  and  Westmoreland  on 
the  other  side.  It  extends  northward  into  Cambria  co. 
and  southward  into  West  Virginia.  The  part  which  is  jo 
the  latter  state  is  called  Chestnut  Ridge.  Coal  is  found  in 
or  near  this  ridge. 


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; Laurel  Hill,  a  beautiful  cemetery,  situated  within  the 
iiartered  limits  of  the  city  of  Philadelphia,  on  the  left  bank 

tthe  Schuylkill,  3i  miles  N.AV.  of  Independence  Hall, 
has  an  undulating  surface,  elevated  from  80  to  100  feet 
)re  the  river,  which  greatly  contributes  to  its  beauty,  and 
grounds  are  tastefully  ornamented  with  winding  paths, 
j-oups  of  trees,  shrubbery,  and  flowers.  Many  elegant 
onnments  have  been  erected  here,  and  the  chapel  is  a  fine 
jothio  building  within  the  enclosure. 
Laurel  Hill,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Tenn. 
Laurel  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  3 
lies  from  Verona  Station. 

Laurel  Hill  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  runs  southward 
i  Somerset  co.,  and  enters  the  Youghiogheny  River  at 
jonfluence  Railroad  Station. 

!  Laurel  Iron-Works,  a  post-village  of  Monongalia 
>.,  AV.  Va.,  on  Cheat  River,  16  miles  E,  of  Morgantown. 
;  has  manufactures  of  iron,  nails,  &c. 
Laurel  Junction,  a  post-village  of  Ritchie  co.,  W.Va., 
iithe  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the 

iaurel  Fork  <fc  Sandhill    Railroad,  20  miles  E.  by  S.  of 
arkersburg. 
Laurell,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  992. 
Laurel  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rappahannock  co., 
fa.,  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Culpeper.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 
f  Laurel  Point,  a  post-hamlct  of  Monongalia  co.,  AV, 
'a.,  1-1  miles  N.E.  of  Fairmont.     It  has  a  church. 

Laurel  Ridge,  Pennsylvania.     See  Chestxut  Ridge. 

Laurel  Ridge,  a  village  of  Burrillville  township, 
froviJence  co.,  R.I.     Pop.  277, 

I  Laurel  Run,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburgh  Connellsville 
[vailroad,  7  miles  N.AV.  of  Connellsville,  Pa, 
!  Laurel  Run,  a  station  in  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Le- 
high &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Ashley, 
I  Laurel  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C,  40 
iiiles  S.  of  Marion,  Va. 

Lanrelton,  law'r^l-ton,  a  post-village  of  Union  co., 
j'a.,  in  Hartley  township,  18  miles  AV.  of  Lewisburg,  and 
[mile  N.  of  Laurelton  Station,  which  is  on  the  Lewisburg 
tentre  &  Spruce  Creek  Railroad,  17  miles  AV.  of  Lewisburg. 
t  has  3  churches,  2  grist-mills,  2  tanneries,  a  foundry,  a 
!)ach-factory,  and  several  stores.  Pop.  about  300. 
I  Laurelvilie,  law'r?l-vil,  a  hamlet  of  Hocking  co.,  0., 
1  Perry  township,  at  the  mouth  of  Laurel  Creek,  1  mile 
om  Adelphi,  and  10  miles  E.  of  Kingston  Station.  It  has 
church,  a  flour-mill,  and  2  saw-mills.  Pop.  100. 
j  Laurelvilie,  a  hamlet  of  Tyrone  township,  Blair  co., 

I  a.,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Altoona, 
Laurelvilie,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVestmoreland  co.,  Pa,, 
i  miles  from  Mount  Pleasant,  and  about  36  miles  S.E.  of 
ittsburg.  It  has  a  tannery,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw -mill. 
Lau'rence-Kirk,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Kin- 
iirdine,  10  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Montrose.  Pop.  1531,  em- 
loyed  in  linen-weaving  and  in  manufacture  Of  snuff-boxes. 
j  Laurens,  law'r§nz,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of 
eorgia,  has  an  area  of  about  761  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
irsected  by  the  Oconee  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the 
|almetto  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  mostly 
i)vered  with  forests  of  oak,  hickory,  pine,  &c.  The  soil  is 
|»rtly  sandy.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  lumber,  cattle,  and 
jork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by 
le  AVrightsville  &  Tennille  and  Macon,  Dublin  &  Savan- 
ah  Railroads.  Capital,  Dublin.  Pop.  in  1870,  7834;  in 
380,  10,053;  in  1890,  13,747. 

Laurens,  a  county  in  the  N.AV.  part  of  South  Carolina, 
as  an  area  of  about  680  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
ie  N.E.  by  the  Ennoree  River,  and  on  the  S.AV.  by  the 
aluda,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Reedy  River.  The  sur- 
ice  is  hilly  or  undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered 
ith  forests.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian 
)>rn,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital, 
aurensville.  Pop.  in  1870,  22,636;  in  1880,  29,444;  in 
890,  31,610. 

Laurens,  a  post-village  in  Laurens  township,  Otsego 
>.,  N.Y.,  on  Otego  Creek,  9  miles  N.  of  Oneonta,  and  about 
5  miles  AV.  by  S.  of  Albany.  It  has  3  churches,  a  union 
ihool,  a  flour-mill,  a  cotton-factory,  tannery,  Ac.  The  town- 
3ip  contains  6  churches,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1874. 

Laurens,  a  township  of  Laurens  co.,  B.C.  It  contains 
laurens  Court-IIouse.     Pop.  4289. 

Laurens  Court-House,  or  Laarensville,  a  post- 
illage,  capital  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C,  about  75  miles  AV.N.AV. 
f  Columbia.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a 
jmale  college.     Pop.  in  1890,  2245. 

Laurens  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Laurens  co.,  Ga.,  about 
0  miles  S.E.  of  Macon. 

Laurentian  (law-ren'sbe-^n)  Mountains,  orLau'- 


rentides,  a  range  of  mountains  of  Canada,  extending 
from  Labrador  to  the  Arctic  Ocean,  a  distance  of  about  3500 
miles.  It  forms  the  watershed  separating  the  tributaries 
of  the  St.  Lawrence  from  those  of  Hudson's  Bay,  but  beyond 
the  basin  of  the  St.  Lawrence  it  is  traversed  by  two  afflu- 
ents of  Hudson's  Bay,  the  Saskatchewan  and  the  Churchill, 
while  still  farther  on  it  becomes  the  limit  of  the  Hudson's 
Bay  rivers,  dividing  their  sources  and  those  of  the  Back 
and  other  streams  for  800  miles  from  the  tributaries  of  the 
Mackenzie.  The  general  elevation  of  the  Laurentian  range 
is  from  1500  to  1600  feet;  some  peaks  about  the  Saguenay 
attain  a  height  of  4000  feet.  They  are  in  general  thickly 
clothed  with  wood,  the  prevailing  trees  on  the  summits  being 
evergreens,  while  hardwood  sometimes  abounds  on  the  lower 
elevations  and  in  the  valleys.  The  valleys  are  in  general 
not  very  wide,  and  many  of  them  hold  ponds  and  lakes. 
The  number  of  these  sheets  of  water,  great  and  small,  is 
one  of  the  most  remarkable  features  of  the  region.  The 
rocks  are  of  extremely  remote  geologic  era. 

Lanrenzana,  I<5w-rdn-z8,'n5.,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Potcnza.  It  has  a  good  trade,  though 
scarcely  accessible  except  by  mule-trains.     Pop.  6965, 

Lauria,  low're-i,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basilicata,  7  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Lagonegro.  Pop.  10,696.  It  consists  of  an  upper 
and  a  lower  town,  and  has  manufactures  of  coarse  linen. 

Lauriacum,  the  ancient  name  of  Lorris  and  Enks. 

Lauricocha,  ISw^re-ko'chi,  a  lake  of  Peru,  on  the  E, 
slope  of  the  Andes.  Lat.  10°  15'  S.;  Ion.  76°  10'  AV. 
Length,  from  N.N.E.  to  S.S.AV.,  about  12  miles;  breadth,  not 
more  than  3  miles.     It  is  the  source  of  the  Marafion. 

Lauri^re,  lo're-aiR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ilaute- 
Vienne,  23  miles  N.N.E.  of  Limoges.     Pop.  1441. 

Laurin,  law'rin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Mon- 
tana, on  the  Ruby  River,  12  miles  from  Virginia  City,  It 
has  a  church  and  a  store. 

Lanrinburg,  law'rin-burg,  a  post-village  of  Richmond 
CO.,  N.C,  on  the  Carolina  Central  Railroad,  95  miles  AV.N.AV. 
of  AVilmington.  It  has  2  churches,  and  some  machine- 
shops  of  the  railroad.     Pop.  in  1890,  1357. 

Laurino,  16w-ree'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Salerno,  on 
the  Calore,  11  miles  AV.S.AV.  of  Diano.     Pop.  2460. 

Laurisheim,  a  town  of  Germany,    See  LoRscn. 

Lau'riston,  or  Law'erston,  a  village  of  Scotland, 
CO.  of  Stirling,  IJ  miles  E.  of  Falkirk.     Pop.  1310. 

Laurito,  16w-ree'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Salerno, 
9  miles  S.E.  of  Vallo.     Pop.  1461. 

Laurium,law'r9-fimorlaw-ri'um  (Gr.  Aavpiov,  Aavpeiou, 
modern  Gr.  pron.  liv'r^-on),  a  promontory  and  hill-ninge 
forming  the  S.E.  portion  of  Attica,  in  Greece.  The  ancient 
silver-  and  lead-mines  of  Laurium  were  very  important, 
and  their  scoriae  and  refuse  ores  are  still  smelted.  The 
mines  are  connected  with  the  port  of  Ergasteria  by  a  rail- 
way 7  miles  long.     Pop.  of  commune,  3700. 

Lauro,  ISw'ro,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Avellino, 
6  miles  S.E.  of  Nola.     Pop.  2527, 

Laurona,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Liria. 

Lan^rot',  or  Little  Poolo  Lant  Islands,  a  group 
of  islands  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  off  the  S.E.  coast  of 
Borneo.     Lat.  (N.  point)  4°  42'  S. ;  Ion.  115°  55'  E. 

Laurvig,  15wK'vig\  or  Larvigen,  lan'vig-^n,  a  sea- 
port town  of  Norway,  on  the  Skager-Rack,  65  miles  by  rail 
S.S.AV.  of  Christiania.  Pop.  6317.  It  has  a  cannon-foundry, 
hardware-shops,  snuflF-factories,  and  distilleries. 

Laury's  (law'r^z)  Station,  a  post-village  of  Lehigh 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh  River,  and  on  the  Lehigh  Valley 
Railroad,  9  miles  N.  by  AV.  of  AUentown.     It  has  2  stores^ 

Laus,  a  river  of  Italy.    See  Laino. 

Lausanne,  lo^z&nn'  (It.  Losanna,  lo-8&n'n&;  L.  Lan- 
ta'nium,  Lauso'nium,  Lanao'ntug,  or  Lansan'na),  a  city  of 
Switzerland,  capital  of  the  canton  of  A''aud,  half  a  mile 
from  Ouchy  (its  port,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  Lake  of  Geneva), 
on  the  S.  slope  of  the  Jura  Mountains,  at  a  railway  junc- 
tion, 450  feet  above  the  lake,  and  32  miles  N.E.  of  (Jcneva. 
Pop.  30,179,  It  stands  on  elevated  ground,  and  has  narrow 
and  ill-paved  streets,  but  some  good  edifices,  including  the 
finest  cathedral  in  Switzerland,  a  massive  castle,  a  hospital, 
lunatic  asylum,  penitentiary,  barracks,  and  theatre.  Its 
educational  institutions  comprise  an  academy,  a  school  for 
the  blind,  a  normal  school,  a  divinity  school,  military,  draw- 
ing, and  other  schools,  numerous  literary  societies,  and  col- 
lections of  art  and  sciences.  Manufactures  of  woollen 
cloths,  paper,  leather,  and  jewelry  are  carried  on.  It  has 
good  inns,  several  public  baths,  libraries,  an  English  chapel, 
(fee,  and  is  distinguished  for  its  good  society.  Voltaire, 
llallcr,  Tissot,  and  Byron  resided  here ;  and  here  Gibbon 
wrote  the  latter  half  of  his  "  Decline  and  Fall  of  the  Roman 
Empire,"    It  is  a  Catholic  bishop's  see. 


LAU 


•1618 


LAY 


I<au8anne»  a  township  of  Carbon  oo.,  Pa.     Pop.  141A. 

Lauaigk,  t6w'iik,  a  town  of  Saxony,  18  milo«  S.S.E. 
of  Loi|)«ia.  Pop.  3578.  It  bos  manufaoturos  of  woollens 
and  liiien»,  iiiinonti  biiths,  and  lignito-minea. 

LailHit'/,  Ciennany.     Sco  Li)8ATIA. 

I<nus  I'uinpviat  tho  auoiont  numo  of  Loot  Vecchio. 

Laussunne,  lOs'sonn',  a  village  of  France,  in  llaute- 
Loiro,  10  milea  S.E.  of  Le  P<iy.     Pop.  1562. 

Laut,  an  island  of  tho  East  Indies.  See  Poolo  Laut. 
This  word  is  also  appended  to  the  names  of  various  Malay 
islun<l«,  as  in  CenxM  Laut,  Timor  Laut,  &o.  In  such  ex- 
auiples  it  signifies  "seaward." 

Laiitciibach)  lCw't9n-b&K\  a  village  of  Baden,  oirole 
of  MidtUo  lUiine,  bailiwick  of  Oberkirch.     Pop.  1828. 

Laiitciiburg,  ICw't^n-buoito^  Lidzborg,  lits'boRO, 
or  Lacborg)  lik'boRO,  a  town  of  West  Prussia,  50  miles 
S.E.  of  Murienwerdor.     Pop.  3734. 

liautenthal,  Iuw'tfn-t4l\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Han- 
over, 5  miles  N.N.W.  of  Clausthal,  in  the  Ilarz.    Pop.  2535. 

Iianter*  luw't^r,  a  river  of  Rhenish  Bavaria,  forming 
in  part  of  its  course  the  boundary  between  Bavaria  nnd 
Alsace,  joins  the  Rhine  below  Lauterburg.  Length,  44  miles. 

Lauter,  a  village  of  Saxony,  circle  of  Zwickau,  4  miles 
N.W.  of  Schwarzenborg.     Pop.  2601. 

Lauterbach,  low't§r-blK\  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Ilesse,  14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Fulda,  with  factories  and  paper- 
mills.     Pop.  3181. 

Lauterbach,  a  village  of  Saxony,  circle  of  Zwickau, 
6  miles  N.W.  of  Zoblitz.     Pop.  1436. 

Lauterbach,  or  Lyderoach,  Ico'd^r-b&K^  a  village 
of  Bohemia,  on  the  Lauczka,  5  miles  from  Leitomischl. 

Lauterbach)  a  free  mining  town  of  Bohemia,  6  miles 
S.  of  Elbogen.     Pop.  2400. 

Lauterbcrg,  low't^u-bSno^  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Ilan- 
over,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Clausthal,  with  mines  of  iron  and 
coal.     Pop.  3906. 

Lauterbrunnen,  IQw'tfr-brSun^n^n,  or  Lauter> 
brunn,  luw't9r-broon\  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  33  miles  S.E.  of  Bern,     Pop,  1857.    See  Stalbbach. 

Lauterburg,  low't§r-b56uo*  (anc.  Leu' tree  Cattrumt 
Fr,  Lauierbonrg,  loHSii'boon'),  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Al- 
sace, on  the  Lauter,  near  its  confluence  with  the  Rhine,  34 
miles  N,E.  of  Strasburg,  Pop.  1932.  It  has  iron-works 
and  potash-factories. 

Lautcrecken,  lCw't?r-Sk'k§n,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Ba- 
varia, at  the  junction  of  the  Lauter  with  the  Glan,  17  miles 
N.W,  of  Kaiserslautern,     Pop,  1215. 

Lauven,  16w'v?n,  a  river  of  Norway,  which  rises  in 
Mount  llartoigen,  passing  the  town  of  Kongsberg  (1  mile 
above  which  it  forms  a  magnificent  fall),  turns  almost  due 
S.,  and  falls  into  the  fiord  at  Laurvig  after  an  indirect 
course  of  at  least  200  miles.  Its  mouth  forms  one  of  the 
finest  harbors  of  Norway.  In  its  course  it  expands  into 
numerous  lakes,  but  none  of  its  affluents  are  large. 

LauAve,  a  village  of  Belgium.     See  La  we. 

Lauwer  Zee,  low'w^r  zA,  a  gulf  of  the  North  Sea,  in 
the  Netherlands,  between  Friesland  and  Groningen,  stretch- 
ing inland  N.  to  S.  about  8  miles,  and  about  6  miles  broad. 

J^auxar,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Laujar. 

Lauzertc,  lo^zaint',  a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn-et-Ga- 
ronne,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Moissac.     Pop.  1386. 

Lauzct,  or  Le  Lauzet,  l^h  Io^z4',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Basscs-Alpcs,  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Digne.     Pop.  904. 

Lanzon,  Io'z6n<>',  or  St.  Joseph  de  Levis,  8&k<> 
zho'zcf  d?h  I4*vee',  a  post-village  in  Levis  co.,  Quebec,  on 
the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  2  miles  from  Levis.  It 
has  20  stores,  a  brewery,  a  ship-yard,  and  a  large  trade  in 
lumber  and  wood.  A  steam  ferry  runs  between  here  and 
Quebec,     Pop.  1847. 

Lauzun,  lo'zfiN*',  a  town  of  France,  in  Lot-et-Qa- 
ronno,  16  miles  N.E,  of  Marmande,     Pop,  1259. 

Lavaca,  14-vi'kd,,  or  Lavacca,  a  county  in  the  S. 
part  of  Texas,  has  an  area  of  about  1000  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Lavaca  and  Navidad  Rivers,  The 
surface  is  undulating,  nnd  is  diversified  with  prairies  and 
tracts  of  timber.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Cattle,  cotton, 
Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
is  traversed  by  the  San  Antonio  A  Aransas  Pass  Railroad. 
Capital,  Ilallettsville.  Pop.  in  1 870,  9168 ;  in  1880,  13,641  ; 
in  1890,  21,887.     See.  Port  Lavaca. 

Lavaca  Bay,  of  Texas,  is  principally  included  in 
Calhoun  co.     It  is  an  arm  of  Matagorda  Bay, 

Lavaca  River,  Texas,  drains  a  large  part  of  Lavaca 
00,,  runs  southward  through  Jackson  co,,  and  enters  La- 
vaca Bay,     This  river  is  about  110  miles  long. 

Lavadorcs,  l&-vil-Do'r6s,  a  village  of  Spain,  about  14 
miles  from  Pontevedra,  on  the  Cambeses.    Pop,  2715. 


Lavagna,  l&-v&n'y&,  a  town  of  Italy,  li  milea  by  nil 
S,E,  of  Chiavari,  on  the  Gulf  of  Genoa.  Pop.  C888.  It  bii 
groat  slate-quarries. 

Lavaguo,  lA-vln'yo,  a  village  of  lUily,  6  miles  E  of 
Verona.     Pop.  2800. 

Laval, l4'v4r(L.  Lnval'lum,Val'lit  Guldo'uiiir), aiamn 
of  France,  capital  of  the  department  of  Mayunne,  on  th« 
Mayenne,  45  miles  E.  of  Rennes,  and  186  miles  by  railroad 
W.S.W.  of  Paris.  Pop.  26,110.  It  is  on  a  steep  declivity, 
enclosed  by  old  walls,  and  comprises  an  old  quarter,  with 
narrow  tortuous  streets  and  overhanging  wooden  house( 
and  a  new  quarter,  with  wide,  regular,  well-built  streets. 
Principal  buildings,  a  vast  castle,  now  a  prison,  a  curious 
Gothic  cathedral,  2  hospitals,  prefecture,  town  hall,  fine 
linen-hall,  theatre,  communal  college,  and  publio  library. 
It  has  important  manufactures  of  linen  fabrics,  cotton 
handkerchiefs,  calico,  paper,  oil,  flour,  blench-  and  dyo- 
works,  tanneries,  marble-works,  and  a  brisk  trade  in  linen 
and  cotton  fabrics.  It  was  taken  by  the  English  in  1400, 
but  retaken  by  tho  French  in  the  following  year.  It  suf- 
fered greatly  in  the  Vendean  war.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Laval,  a  county  of  Quebec.     See  Isle  Jesus. 

Laval,  or  Saintc  Urigittc  dc  Laval,  s&Nt  M'- 
zheet'  d9h  liS-il',  a  post-village  and  parish  in  Montmorency 
CO.,  Quebec,  19  miles  from  Quebec.     Pop.  763. 

Ija  Valetta,  a  city  of  Malta.    See  Valetta. 

Lavalle,  la-val',  a  post-village  of  Sauk  co..  Wis.,  in 
Lavallc  township,  on  the  Baraboo  River,  and  on  the  Chicago 
&  Northwestern  Railroad,  60  miles  N.W.  of  Madison.  It 
has  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  steam  stave-factory.  Pop. 
in  1890,  333;  of  the  township,  1367.  ' 

La  Vallette,  1&  v&Mdtt',  a  village  of  France,  in  Var,  4 
miles  N.E.  of  Toulon.     Pop.  1695. 

Lavaltrie,  li'virtree',  a  post-village  in  Berthier  co^ 
Quebec,  on  tho  N.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  35  miles  N.E. 
of  Montreal,     Pop,  250, 

Lavaltrie,  an  island  in  the  St,  Lawrence,  opposite  th« 
above  village.     On  it  are  two  light-houses. 

Lavamund,  lA'vA-mo5nt\  a  market-town  of  Au8t^il^ 
in  Carinthia,  on  the  Drave,  31  miles  E.  of  Klagcnfurth. 

La  Yandola,  lA  vAn-do'l&,  the  most  E.  of  the  Admiralty 
Islands.     Lat.  2°  14'  S.;  Ion.  148°  10'  E. 

Lavansari,  I.\-vAn-sA'rce^,  an  island  of  Russia,  Gulf 
of  Finland,  70  miles  W.  of  Cronstadt.     Length,  4  miles. 

Lavans'ville,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  co..  Pa.,  4 
miles  W.  of  Somerset,  and  about  54  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg, 
It  has  2  churches. 

Lavant,  li-vint',  a  river  of  Austria,  in  Carinthia,  joini 
the  Drave  at  Lavamund,  after  a  S.  course  of  40  miles. 

Lav'ant,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Susse.\,  enten 
Chichester  harbor  after  a  S.W.  course  of  10  miles, 

Lavant',  a  post-village  in  Lanark  co,,  Ontario,  32  milei 
N,W,  of  Perth,     Near  here  copper  ore  is  found.     Pop,  lOO. 

Lavardac,  li'vau'dik',  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Lot-et* 
Garonne,  on  the  Baise,  Ifi  miles  W,  of  Agen,     Pop,  1607. 

Lavardens,  li'vanMAN"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gers, 
8  miles  N.N,W,  of  Auch,     Pop,  1060. 

Lavaur,  liVOn'  (anc.  Va'ritim),  a  town  of  Franco,  in 
Tarn,  on  the  Agout,  23  miles  S.W.  of  Albi.  It  has  a  com- 
munal  college,  manufactures  of  silk,  and  nurseries  of  silk- 
worms, and  is  an  entrepOt  for  silk  goods.  In  the  thirteenth 
century  it  was  the  stronghold  of  the  Albigenses,  from  whom 
it  was  taken  in  1211  by  Simon  de  Montfort.     Pop.  4937. 

La  Ve'ga,  a  post-office  of  Dcs  Moines  co.,  Iowa. 

La  Vela,  14  vi'lfl.,  or  La  Vela  de  Coro,  14  v4'l4  d4 
ko'ro,  a  seaport  town  of  Venezuela,  on  the  Gulf  of  Coro,  a 
few  miles  N.E.  of  the  town  of  Coro.  Lat.  11°  25'  N.;  Ion. 
69°  40'  W.     It  has  a  fine  custom-house. 

Lavelanet,  14vM4'n4',  a  town  of  France,  in  Aricge,  12 
miles  E.  of  Foix.  Pop.  2792,  mostly  employed  in  the  manu- 
facture of  fine  woollens. 

Lavello,  l4-v6l'lo  (anc.  Lahel'lumf),  a  town  ol  Italy, 
in  Basilicata,  8  miles  N.E,  of  Melfi,     Pop,  5769, 

La  Vendee,  a  river  t-f  Franco,    See  Vendee, 

Lav'ender,  or  Mas'tin's  Corners,  a  post-village  in 
Simcoe  co,,  Ontario,  12i  miles  W.  of  Angus.     Pop.  120, 

Lav'ender  Hill,  a  post-oBice  of  Baltimore  co.,  ild. 

Lav'enham,  or  Lan'ham,  a  town  of  Engl.and,  co. 
of  Sufi'olk,  16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ipswich,  on  a  railway.  Pop. 
of  parish,  1886. 

Lavenir,  l4V4*neer',  a  post-village  in  Drummond  co., 
Quebec,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Melbourne.     Pop.  250. 

Laveno,  14-v4'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Loinbardy,  on 
Lago  Maggiore,  23  miles  W.N.W.  of  Como.     Pop,  1452 

Laventie,  l4V6N"'tee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Pas-de- 
Calais,  12  miles  N,E.  of  Bdthune.     Pop.  1200. 

La  Veutosa,  14  v6n-to's4,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of 


LAV 


1619 


LAW 


Oaxaca,  on  the  Pacific  (Bay  of  La  Ventosa),  at  the  mouth 
"of  the  river  Tehuantepec,  11  miles  S.E.  of  the  town  of  Te- 
•huantepec.     Lat.  16°  11'  45"  N.;  Ion.  95°  15'  40"  W. 

Lavenza,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Avexza. 

Lavergne,  la-vern',  a  post-village  of  Rutherford  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Nashville  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  15  miles 
g.E.  of  Nashville.     It  has  a  church. 

'  Laver'nia,  a  small  post-village  of  Wilson  co.,  Tex.,  18 
•Jniles  S.W.  of  Seguin.     It  is  in  the  valley  of  Cibolo  River. 

La  Veta,  li  vi'ti,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Huerfano 
'eo.,  Col.,  at  the  Veta  Pass,  on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande 
Rivilroad,  191  miles  S.  of  Denver.  It  is  at  an  elevation  of 
about  9500  feet,  and  is  the  highest  railroad  station  in  North 
America. 

La  Vil'la,  Duval  co.,  Fla.,  is  a  suburb  of  Jacksonville, 
i  mile  from  Jacksonville  Station,     It  contains  the  Stanton 
Normal  Institute  (colored),  2  brick-yards,  a  pottery,  and 
lomc  railroad-shops. 
•  Lavin'ia,  a  post-office  of  Holt  co..  Neb. 

Lavino,  li-vee'no  (anc.  Labin'ius),  a.  river  of  Italy, 
•joins  the  Samoggia.     Length,  30  miles. 

Lavis,  a  river  of  Austria,  in  Tyrol.    See  Avisio. 

Lavis,  li'vis,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Tyrol,  5  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Trent.     Pop.  23fil. 

Lavit,  llVee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn-et-Garonne, 
11  miles  S.W.  of  Castel-Sarrasin.     Pop.  1547. 

Lavoro,  Terra  di,  Italy.    See  Caserta. 

Lavos,  li'voce,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  near  the 
Atlantic  Ocean  and  near  the  mouth  of  the  Mondego  River, 
24  miles  S.W.  of  Coimbra.     Pop.  5824. 

Lavras"de-Funil,  l3,'vr3,3-di.-foo-ncel',  a  town  of 
Brazil,  in  Minas-Geraes,  105  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ouro  Preto. 

Lavriano,  liv-ro-i'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  4  miles  from 
Cosal  Borgone,  on  the  Po.     Pop.  1066. 
'    La  Wantzenau,  a  town  of  Alsace.     See  Wanzenau. 
'    La  we,  Id'v^h,  or  Lauwe,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Planders,  on  the  Lys,  27  miles  S.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  2307. 

Lawcrston,  a  village  of  Scotland.    See  Laukistox. 

■  Law'ler,  a  post-village  of  Chickasaw  co.,  Iowa,  in  Sta- 
■pleton  township,  on  the  Iowa  &  Dakota  Railroad,  which 
connects  Fort  Atkinson  with  Charles  City,  29  miles  E.  of 
the  latter.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  2  churches,  and  2 
banking-houses.     Pop.  about  550. 

Lawn,  a  fishing  settlement  in  the  district  of  Burin, 
Newfoundland,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Burin.     Pop.  170. 

Lawn'dale,  a  suburban  village  in  Cook  co.,  III.,  on 
the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  6  miles  from 
Chicago,  and  within  the  city  limits.     It  has  3  churches. 

Lawndale,  a  post-village  of  Logan  co..  111.,  on  the 
Kickapoo  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  35 
miles  N.E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a  church  and  2  elevators 
for  grain.     Pop.  150. 

Lawndale,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Jackson  co., 
Kansas,  in  Soldier  township,  on  the  Kansas  Central  Rail- 
toad,  12  miles  W.  of  Ilolton. 

■  Lawn  Ridge,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co..  111.,  in 
La  Prairie  township,  about  22  miles  N.  of  Peoria.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  graded  school. 

Lawn  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scotland  co.,  Mo.,  7 
Jniles  N.E.  of  Memphis.    It  has  a  church. 

Law'rence,  a  northern  county  of  Alabama,  has  an 
area  of  about  768  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
"by  the  Tennessee  River,  here  obstructed  by  the  Muscle 
Shoals,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Sipsey  and  Town  Creeks. 
The  surface  is  diversified  with  high  ridges  and  fertile  val- 
leys. Cotton,  Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork  a're  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  East  Tennes- 
see, Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad.  Capital,  Moulton.  Pop. 
in  1870,  16,658;  in  1880,  21,392;  in  1890,  20,725. 

Lawrence,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Arkansas,  has 
an  area  of  about  574  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
^lack  River,  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Cache  River,  and  also 
drained  by  Spring  River.  The  surface  is  extensively  cov- 
ered with  forests.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  St.  Louis, 
Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad.  Capital,  Powhatan. 
Pop.  in  1870,  5981;  in  1880,  8782;  in  1890,  12,984. 

Lawrence,  a  southeastern  county  of  Illinois,  borders 
on  Indiana.  Area,  about  360  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  Wabash  River,  and  intersected  by  Em- 
^arras  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  uneven,  and  a 
large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Rail- 
road and  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  <fc  St.  Louis 
Kailroad.  Capital,  Lawreiiceville.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,533  : 
in  1880,  13,603;  in  1890,  14,693. 


Lawrence,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Indiana,  has  an 
area  of  452  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  East 
Fork  of  White  River,  and  :3  also  drained  by  Salt  and  Indian 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating,  and  is  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests  of  hard  timber.  The  soil  is 
mostly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Limestone  is  abundant  here.  This  county 
is  traversed  by  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  the  Louis- 
ville, New  Albany  &  Chicago  Railroad,  and  the  Evansville 
&  Terre  Haute  Railroad.  Capital,  Bedford.  Pop.  in  1870, 
14,628;  in  1880,  18,543;  in  1890,  19,792. 

Lawrence,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Kentucky,  bor- 
ders on  West  Virginia.  Area,  about  465  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Big  Sandy  River,  and  is  inter- 
sected by  the  West  Fork  of  that  river.  The  surface  is  hilly, 
and  mostly  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile. 
Indian  corn  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Coal  is  found 
in  this  county.  It  is  traversed  along  its  E.  border  by  the 
Chesapeake  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  and  is  entered  at  the  N.W. 
by  the  Eastern  Kentucky  Railroad.  Capital,  Louisa.  Pop. 
in  1870,  8497;  in  1880,  13,262;  in  1890,  17,702. 

Lawrence,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Mississippi,  has 
an  area  of  about  630  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
Pearl  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  pine,  beech,  hickory,  oak,  magnolia, 
cypress,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  produces  cotton,  Indian 
corn,  Ac.  Capital,  Montioello.  Pop.  in  1870,  6720 ;  in  1880, 
9420;  in  1890,  12,318. 

Lawrence,  a  county  in  the  S.W,  part  of  Missouri,  has 
an  area  of  about  606  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
head-streams  of  Sac  and  Spring  Rivers.  The  surface  is 
undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  Railroad  and  the  Greenfield  & 
Northern  Railroad.  Capital,  Mount  Vernon.  Pop.  in  1870, 
13,067;  in  1880,  17,683;  in  1890,  26,228. 

Lawrence,  the  most  southern  county  of  Ohio,  has  an 
area  of  about  430  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E. 
and  S.W.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  intersected  by  Symmes' 
Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  extensively  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  is  moderately  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  valu- 
able mines  of  coal  and  iron  ore,  and  exports  much  pig-iron. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Iron  Railway,  the  Cincinnati,  Day- 
ton &  Ironton  Railroad,  and  the  Norfolk  &  Western  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Ironton.  Pop.  in  1870,  31,380;  in  1880, 
39,068  ;  in  1890,  39,556. 

Lawrence,  a  western  county  of  Pennsylvania,  borders 
on  Ohio.  Area,  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  Beaver  River  and  its  branches  the  Mahoning  and 
Shenango,  which  unite  near  the  middle  of  this  county.  It 
is  also  drained  by  Neshannock  and  Slippery  Rock  Creeks. 
The  surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  In- 
dian corn,  oats,  hay,  butter,  and  wool  ore  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  has  mines  of  bituminous  coal  and  quar- 
ries of  limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  the  Western  New  York  A  Pennsylvania  Railroad, 
the  Pittsburg  &  Western  Railroad,  the  Pittsburg  &  Lake 
Erie  Railroad,  and  the  New  Castle  <fc  Youngstown  Railroad. 
Capital,  New  Castle.  Pop.  in  1870,  27,298;  in  1880,  33,312; 
in  1890,  37,517. 

Lawrence,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  South  Dakota, 
comprises  part  of  the  Black  Hills.  The  soil  is  fertile  and 
well  watered  by  branches  of  the  Cheyenne  River.  Gold  is 
found  here.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Burlington 
&  Missouri,  Fremont,  Elkhorn  <fc  Missouri  Valley,  and 
Deadwood  Central  Railroads.  Capital,  Deadwood.  Pop. 
in  1880,  13,248;  in  1890,  11,673. 

Lawrence,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee,  borders  on 
Alabama.  Area,  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
Shoal  Creek  and  other  creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating 
or  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests. 
The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  cotton,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  Iron  ore  and  limestone  abound 
here.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Louisville  <fc  Nash- 
ville Railroad,  which  connects  with  Lawrenceburg,  the 
capital.  Among  its  forest  trees  are  the  chestnut,  black 
walnut,  hickory,  white  oak,  and  yellow  poplar.  Pop.  in 
1870,  7601;  in  1880,  10,383;  in  1890,  12,286. 

LaAvrence,  a  station  on  the  Hot  Springs  Railroad,  7 
miles  S.E.  of  Hot  Springs,  Ark. 

Lawrence,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  111.  Pop.  1826. 
It  contains  Lawrenceville. 

Lawrence,  a  post-village  of  MoHenry  co..  III.,  in: 
Chemung  township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Rail-: 
road,  65  miles  N.W.  of  Chicago.    It  has  a  church. 


1A% 


1620 


LAW 


Lawrence,  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind.    See  Sbdak. 

LawrenoCi  a  post-villa^  of  Marion  Co.,  Ind.,  !n  Law- 
rence township,  on  the  Cleveland,  Columbus  A  Indianapatis 
KAilroad,  9  tnilea  N.G.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  150;  of  the  township,  2380. 

Lawrence,  a  township  of  Cload  oo.,  Kansas.  Pop.  381. 
It  contains  Lawronceburg. 

Lawrence,  a  handsome  oitv,  the  capital  of  Douglas 
«u.,  Kansas,  is  situated  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Kansas  River, 
here  eromed  by  a  bridge,  38  miles  \V.  by  S.  of  Kansas  City, 
29  miles  B.  by  S.  of  Topcka,  and  34  miles  S.S.W.  of  Leaven- 
worth. It  is  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  the  St.  Louis, 
Liiwronee  A  Western  Railroad,  and  the  Kansas  Midland 
HHilroa«i,  and  is  the  N.  terminus  of  the  Leavenworth,  Law- 
rence A  Qalveston  Railroad.  A  branch  of  the  Kansas  Pa- 
eiflo  Railroad  extends  hence  to  Leavenworth.  It  is  the  seat 
of  the  University  of  Kansas  (non-sectarian  and  open  to 
both  sexes),  which  was  organized  in  1864,  and  which  has 
13  instructors  and  about  100  students.  Lawrence  contains  a 
eourt-house,  a  conservatory  of  music,  a  high  school,  2  or  3 
national  banks,  a  state  bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  commercial 
oollego,  4  flouring-mills,  a  foundry,  and  manufactures  of 
furniture,  cigars,  wooden-ware,  sash,  and  blinds.  The  state 
university  is  situated  on  Mount  Oread,  which  commands  a 
l»eautiful  view.  Three  daily  and  5  weekly  newspapers  are 
published  hero.  Lawrence  was  in  1870  the  second  city  of 
the  state  in  population.  It  was  founded  in  1854  by  the 
Massachusetts  Aid  Society,  and  was  settled  by  the  friends 
of  free  labor.  Its  citizens  opposed  the  pro-slavery  party  in 
several  violent  contests.  On  the  2l8t  of  August,  1863,  this 
■place  was  surprised  by  Quantrell  and  a  band  of  guerillas, 
who  massacred  about  150  persons  and  burned  about  75 
dwellings  and  many  other  buildings.  Pop.  in  1875,  7268; 
in  1880,  8510;  in  1890,9997. 

LaAvrence,  a  post-ofiSce  of  Plaquemines  parish,  La.,  on 
the  .Mississippi  River,  48  miles  below  New  Orleans. 

Lawrence,  a  city,  one  of  the  capitals  of  Essex  co., 
Mass.,  on  both  sides  of  the  Merriniac  River,  and  on  several 
divisions  of  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad,  26  milts  N.  by 
W.  of  Boston,  and  10  miles  N.E.  of  Lowell.  It  contains 
a  city  hnll,  a  court-house,  31  churches,  a  high  school  which 
cost  $80,000,  a  public  library,  a  theatre,  6  national  banks, 
3  savings-banks,  a  masonic  temple,  large  reservoirs  for 
water-supply,  a  jail,  a  city  prison,  public  and  Catholic 
hospitals,  a  Catholic  protectory,  a  convent,  and  a  house 
of  Augustinians.  Three  daily,  6  weekly,  and  3  Sunday 
newspapers  are  published  here.  Near  the  middle  of  the 
city  is  a  public  park  of  17  acres.  The  river,  which  is  here 
nearly  1000  feet  wide,  falls  28  feet  in  the  course  of  half  a 
mile,  affording  immense  water-power,  which  is  employed  in 
cotton-mills  and  other  factories.  In  1845-47  the  Essex 
Company  constructed  a  solid  granite  dam,  900  feet  long  and 
40  feet  high,  across  the  river,  which,  in  its  natural  condi- 
tion, flowed  over  a  bed  of  rocks.  A  canal  li  miles  long 
and  90  feet  wide  conducts  the  water  from  the  dam  to  the 
different  mills,  and  on  the  S.  side  of  the  river  there  is  a 
similar  but  shorter  canal.  Here  are  the  Atlantic  Cotton- 
Mills,  with  a  capital  of  81,000,000  and  2100  looms/employ- 
ing 1000  operatives;  the  Pacific  Mills  (capital,  $2,500,000), 
which  employ  about  5600  operatives,  and  manufacture 
cotton  and  worsted  goods;  the  Arlington  Mills  (capital, 
$2,000,000),  employing  3000  hands  on  worsteds  and  cot- 
tons; the  Washington  Mills  (capital,  $2,000,000),  employ- 
ing about  2500  operatives  ;  and  the  Everett  Mills,  for  cotton 
and  woollen  goods,  with  a  capital  of  $800,000.  Lawrence 
has  also  large  paper-mills,  and  manufactures  of  steam- 
engines,  boilers,  railway-cars,  mnchinery,  hardware,  car- 
riages, sewing-machines,  clothing,  hats,  belting,  <tc.  The 
buildings  of  the  Pacific  Company  are  of  colossal  dimensions 
and  present  an  imposing  appearance.  Their  principal 
building  is  800  feet  long  and  6  stories  high.  They  manu- 
facture mousseline-de-laine,  calico,  shirting,  lawn,  and 
alpaca.  The  Washington  Mills  pro<iuce  broadcloth,  doe- 
skin, cambric,  shawls,  and  flannel.  The  assessed  value  of 
property  for  1892  was  832,527,937.  Four  bridges  cross  the 
river  at  this  place,  and  the  various  parts  of  the  city  are 
connected  by  an  electric  railway  which  extends  to  Methuen, 
North  Andover,  and  Andover.  The  city  is  lighted  with 
gas  and  electricity.  Lawrence  was  incorjjorated  ns  a  town 
in  1847,  and  as  a  city  in  1853.  Pop.  in  1860,  17,639;  in 
1870,  28,921  ;  in  1880,  39,151  ;  in  1890,  44,654. 

Lawrence,  a  post-village  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Lawrence  township,  on  the  Paw  Paw  River,  and  on  the 
Toledo  A  South  Haven  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  Paw  Paw, 
and  about  2fi  miles  W.S.W.  of  Kalamazoo.  It  has  a  graded 
school,  4  churches,  a  hotel,  a  grist-mill,  2  saw-mills,  and  a 
money-order  post-oflSce.     Pop.  564;  of  the  township,  1779. 


Lawrence,  a  post-village  of  Newton  co.,  Miss.,  on  thi 
Vlcksburg  A  Meridian  Railroad,  60  miles  E.  of  Jackson. 
It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Lawrence,  a  township  of  Mercer  co.,  N.J.  Pop.  2251. 
It  contains  Millhiun,  Lawrenceville,  and  Lawrence  Station 

Lawrence,  Queens  co.,  N.Y.    See  Rockaway. 

Lawrence,  a  fertile  township  of  St.  Lawicneo  co. 
N.Y.  Pop.  2641.  It  contains  Lawrenceville,  Nicholvillc| 
and  North  Lawrence.  Lawrence  Station  on  the  Ogdens- 
burg  A  Lake  Champlaln  Railroad  is  near  North  Lawlcncc, 
and  is  41  miles  E.  of  Ogdcnsburg. 

Lawrence,  a  post-oflice  of  Schuyler  co.,  N.Y. 

Lawrence,  a  station  in  Elizabeth  township,  Lawrence 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Iron  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Ironton. 

Lawrence,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.     P.  1215. 

Lawrence,  a  township  of  Stark  co.,  0.  Pop.  .S3C6. 
It  contains  Canal  Fulton  and  North  Lawrence. 

Lawrence,  a  township  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.  Pop. 
1479.     It  contains  Bolivar  and  Zoar. 

Lawrence,  a  post-township  of  Washington  co.,  0., 
about  8  miles  N.E.  of  Marietta.     Pop.  2860, 

Lawrence,  a  township  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.    P.  1720. 

Lawrence,  a  township  of  Tioga  co..  Pa.  Pop.  957. 
It  contains  Lawrenceville. 

Lawrence,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co..  Pa.,  tt 
Hills  Station  on  the  Chartiers  Railroad,  17  miles  S.W.  of 
Pittsburg.     Pop.  45. 

Lawrence,  a  post-village  of  Kaufman  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Texas  A  Pacific  Railroad,  27  miles  E.  of  Dallas.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  savings-bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded 
scho.il,  a  natural  park,  and  a  manufactory  of  farming, 
implements.     Pop.  about  800. 

Lawrence,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Wis.    Pop.  909, 

Lawrence,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marquette  co..  Wis.,  ni 
AVestfleld  township,  about  25  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Portage 
City.     It  has  a  church. 

Lawrence,  a  station  in  Sweetwater  co.,  Wyoming,  on 
the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Green  River  City. 

LaAV'renceburg,  a  city,  csmital  of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind„ 
on  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  Ohio  A  Mississippi  and  In- 
dianapolis, Cincinnati  A  Lafayette  Railroads,  at  the  S.  ter- 
minus of  the  Whitewater  Canal,  22  miles  below  Cincinnati, 
and  90  miles  E.S.E.  of  Indianapolis.  It  contains  7  churches, 
a  Catholic  academy,  2  high  schools,  2  national  banks,  2 
newspaper  offices,  a  brewery,  3  distilleries,  a  flour-mill,  and 
several  manufactories  of  furniture.  Pop.  in  1890,  4284; 
of  the  township,  exclusive  of  the  citj-,  1233. 

Lawrencebnrg,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa. 

Lawrencebiirg,  a  post-office  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas. 

Lawrenceburgr,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Andersdi 
CO.,  Ky.,  about  27  miles  W.  of  Lexington,  and  12  miles  B. 
of  Frankfort.  It  has  a  court-house,  3  churches,  and  a 
national  bank.     Pop.  in  1880,  638;  in  1890,  1382. 

Lawrencebnrg,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co.,  Mc, 
24  miles  W.  of  Springfield.    It  has  2  churches  and  3  stores. 

LaAvrencebnrg,  Pennsylvania.     See  Parker  City. 

Lawrencebnrg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lawronei 
CO.,  Tenn.,  on  Shoal  Creek,  about  74  miles  S.S.W.  of  Nash- 
ville. It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  convent,  and 
2  cotton-factories.     Pop.  in  1890,  618. 

Lawrence  Cove,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  Ala. 

Lawrence  Creek,  of  Middlesex  co.,  N.J.,  falls  into 
the  Raritan  3  miles  below  New  Brunswick. 

Lawrence  Junction,  a  station  in  Lawrence  co.,  Pa,, 
on  the  Lawrence  Railroad  (Homewood  to  New  Castle),  3 
miles  S.W.  of  New  Castle,  at  the  junction  of  the  branch 
to  Youngstown,  0. 

LaAvrence  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Potter  co..  Pa.,  in 
Harrison  township,  20  miles  W.  of  Elkland,  It  has  t 
church,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  Ac. 

Law'renceport,  a  hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.,  oh 
the  East  Fork  of  White  River,  about  11  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Bedford.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Lawrence's,  a  station  in  Santa  Clara  co.,  Cal.,  on  thi 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  7  miles  N.W.  of  San  Jos6. 

Lawrence  Station,  a  post-office  in  Lawrence  town 
ship,  Mercer  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  railroad  between  Trenton  and 
New  Brunswick,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Trenton. 

Lawrence  Station,  Queens  co.,  N.Y.  See  RocKAWAt. 

Law'rence  Station,  a  post-village  in  Charlotte  co,, 
New  Brunswick,  on  the  New  Brunswick  A  Canada  Railway, 
29  miles  N.  of  St.  Andrews.     Pop.  100. 

Law'rencetown,  a  post-village  in  Annapolis  co.,  Nov* 
Scotia,  on  the  Annapolis  River,  and  on  the  AVindsor  A  An- 
napolis Railway,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Annapolis.  It  has  i 
carding-mill,  a  saw-  and  grist-mill,  and  7  or  8  stores.  Pop. 
600.     A  large  quantity  of  timber  is  shipped  from  here. 


LAW 


1621 


LAY 


Law'rencetOAVn,  a  post-village  in  Halifax  co.,  Nova 
lootia,  14  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Halifax.     Pop.  504. 

Lawreiiccville,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Ala., 
bout  88  miles  S.E.  of  Montgomery.  It  has  a  church  and 
,  masonic  institute.     Pop.  about  100, 

'lja\vreuceville,a  decayed  village  of  Monroe  co.,  Ark., 
10.  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Little  Rock. 

Lnwrenceville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Gwinnett  co., 
}'a.,  30  miles  N.B.  of  Atlanta.  It  haa  a  court-house,  3 
ihurchcs,  a  masonic  institute,  &o.     Pop.  in  18y0,  666. 

Lawrcnceville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lawrence 
o.  111.,  in  Lawrence  township,  on  the  Embarras  River,  and 
III  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Paris 
i  Danville  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  Vincennes,  and  139 
niles  E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  It  has  3  churches,  2  newspaper 
)fBces,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Lawrenceville,  a  post-village  of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind., 
ibout  32  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Cincinnati,  0.    It  has  a  church. 

Xawrenceville,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co.,  Ivy. 

Lawreuceville,  a  post-village  of  Mercer  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Lawrence  township,  about  6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Trenton.  It 
las  a  church,  a  high  school  for  boys,  and  a  female  seminary. 

Lawreuceville,  a  post-village  in  Lawrence  township, 
3t.  Lavvrcneo  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Deer  River,  about  42  miles  E. 
jf  O^den-sburg.  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  an  academy,  a 
jrist-mill,  a  starch-factory,  and  a  pump-factory.  Pop. 
kbout  350. 

Lawreiiceville,  a  post-office  of  Clark  co.,  0. 

Lawrcnceville,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  2  miles  E.  of  Pittsburg,  of  which 
city  the  former  borough  of  Lawreuceville  is  a  part. 

Lawrcnceville,  a  village  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  in  East 
Coventry  township,  1  mile  from  Limerick  St.ation,  and  7i 
jmiles  N.W.  of  Phoinixville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  woollen- 
Imill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

!  Lawreuceville,  apost-borough  in  Lawrence  township, 
moga  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Tioga  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Cowancsque,  and  on  the  Tioga  Railroad  (which  connects 
(Coming  and  Blossburg),  at  the  junction  of  the  Cowanesque 
jValley  and  the  Corning,  Cowanesque  &  Antrim  Railroads, 

!'''5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Corning,  N.Y.     It  has  3  churches,  a 
sundry,  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  478. 
Lawrcnceville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Brunswick 
0.,  Va.,  on  a  small  affluent  of  the  Meherrin  River,  about 
5  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Richmond.     It  has  a  court-house  and 
churches.    Pop.  about  400. 
Lawrcnceville,  Lincoln  co.,  Ontario.    See  Virgil. 
t    Lawreuceville,  a  post-village  in  ShefFord  co.,  Quebec, 
21  miles  S.  of  Melbourne.    It  contains  5  stores  and  saw- 
land  grist-mills.     Pop.  150. 

Laws,  a  township  of  Williamsburg  co.,  S.C.  Pop.  1274. 
Law's  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co..  Miss. 
Law'son,  a  post-office  of  Clear  Creek  co..  Col. 
I  Lawson,a  post-village  of  Ray  co.,  Mo.,  in  Polk  town- 
jghip,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern  Railroad, 
j4S  miles  E.S.E.  of  St.  Joseph.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
plough-factory. 

Law'sonham,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarion  co.,  Pa.,  on  Red 
[Bank  Cieek,  and  on  the  eastern  extension  of  the  Alleghany 
iValley  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Sligo  Branch,  66 
miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  saw- mill, 

Law'soiiville,a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham  oo.,  N.C., 
3}  miles  N.E.  of  Ruffin  Station.     It  has  a  church, 
Lawsonviile,  a  post-office  of  Rusk  co.,  Tex. 
Laws'ville   Centre,  a  post-hamlct  of  Susquehanna 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  14  miles  S.  of  Binghamton,  N.Y.     It  has  a 
grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  several  churches  near  it. 

Law'tey,  a  post-office  of  Bradford  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
Transit  Railroad,  66  miles  S.S.W.  of  Fernandina. 

Law'ton,  a  post-village  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Antwerp  township,  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  at 
|its  junction  with  the  Paw  Paw  Railroad,  16  miles  S.W.  of 
j  Kalamazoo,  and  5  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Paw  Paw.     It  has  ex- 
I tensive  iron-works  of  the  Michigan  Central  Iron  Company,  a 
blast-furnace,  a  newspaper  office,  2   churches,  a  bank,  a 
union  school,  and  manufactures  of  machinery,  fruit  pack- 
jages,  iron  castings,  Ac.     It  is  surrounded  with  vineyards 
and  orchards  of  peaches,  pears,  and  npples.   Pop.  (1890)  788. 
liawton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  at  Lake  Sta- 
tion on  the  Erie  Railroad,  58  miles  N.N.W.  of  New  York. 
Lawton,  a  township  of  Beaufort  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  3905. 
Law'ton's  Bluff,  a  station  in  Marshall  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  S.  bank  of  the  Tennessee  River,  and  on  the  Louisville 
&  Paducah  Railroad,  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Paducah. 

Lawton  Station,  a  post-office  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  on 

the  Buffalo  &  Jamestown  Railroad,  27  miles  S.  of  Buffalo. 

Law'tonville,  a  post-village  of  Burke  co.,  Ga.,on  the 


Central  Railroad  of  Georgia,  48  miles  S.  of  Augusta.  It 
has  a  high  school  or  seminary. 

Lawtouville,  a  post-village  of  Hampton  co.,  S.C,  13 
miles  S.W.  of  Brunson  Station  of  the  Port  Royal  Railroad, 
and  about  50  miles  N.  of  Savannah,  Qa.  It  has  an  acad- 
enay  and  2  churches. 

Lawur,  a  territory  of  India.     See  Lahool. 

Law'yers,  a  post-office  of  Campbell  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of  Lynchburg. 

Law'yersville,  a  post-village  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y., 
2  miles  from  Cobleskill,  and  about  40  miles  W.  of  Albany. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Laxa,  or  Laja,  li'ni,  a  river  of  Chili,  joins  the  Biobio 
after  a  course  of  nearly  150  miles,  during  which  it  forms 
some  lofty  cascades. 

La  Xana,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  La  Jana. 

Laxas,  or  Lajas,  Wuka,  a  river  of  Central  America, 
enters  the  Lake  of  Nicaragua  from  the  country  between 
it  and  the  Pacific,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Nicaragua. 

Laxenburg,  lix'§n-bo6RG\  a  town  of  Austria,  9  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Vienna.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  an  imperial 
summer  palace.     Pop.  964. 

La  Xunquera,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Junqueiia. 

Lay,  Id,,  a  river  of  France,  is  formed  below  St.  Vincent, 
and  falls  into  the  creek  of  Arguillon,  in  the  Bay  of  Biscay. 
Length,  50  miles. 

Laybach,  lI'biK,  a  river  of  Austria,  rises  S.  of  Adcls> 
berg,  under  the  name  of  the  Poik,  is  lost  in  the  Grotto  of 
Adelsberg,  and  reappears  in  the  Unz;  it  is  again  lost,  but 
reappears  at  Upper  Laybach,  where  it  becomes  navigable. 

Laybach,  or  Laibach,  li'b^K  (Illyrian,  LnbUunt, 
loo-bld'nA.,  or  Ljnhljana  ;  anc.  JEmona),  a  town  of  Austria, 
capital  of  the  duchy  of  Carniola,  in  an  extensive  plain,  on 
both  sides  of  the  river  of  the  same  name,  here  crossed  by 
five  bridges,  35  miles  N.E.  of  Triest,  at  a  railway  junction. 
Lat.  46°  2'  27"  N.;  Ion.  14°  30'  49"  E.  It  consists  of  the 
town  proper,  grouped  round  the  castle  hill,  and  of  six 
suburbs,  and  is,  for  the  most  part,  indifferently  built,  with 
irregular,  narrow,  and  ill-paved  streets,  but  has  two  rather 
spacious  squares.  Its  principal  buildings  are  the  cathedral 
of  St.  Nicholas,  with  tine  pictures,  frescoes,  and  carvings, 
St.  James's  church,  the  church  of  the  Ursuline  nunnery,  a 
very  handsome  structure,  St.  Peter's  church,  the  Protestant 
church,  the  old  Gothic  town  house,  the  old  castle,  crowning 
a  height  in  the  centre  of  the  town,  and  now  converted  into 
a  state  prison  and  house  of  correction  ;  the  bishop's  palace, 
theatre,  barracks,  and  palace  of  Count  Auersperg.  It  is  the 
seat  of  a  military  governor  and  of  several  important  courts 
and  public  offices,  and  possesses  a  museum,  a  botanical  gar- 
den, an  infirmary,  a  lunatic  asylum,  a  deaf  and  dumb  insti- 
tute, a  casino,  a  library,  lyceum,  in  which  theology,  philos- 
ophy, and  medicine  are  taught,  a  gymnasium,  normal, 
military,  and  agricultural  schools,  a  school  of  design,  an  in- 
dustrial school,  and  various  benevolent  endowments.  The 
manufactures  consist  chiefly  of  woollen  and  silk  goods  j 
and  there  are  oil-,  paper-,  and  cotton-mills,  and  a  consid- 
erable transit  trade.  Laybach  is  a  place  of  great  antiquity. 
It  makes  a  considerable  figure  during  the  Turkish  wars. 
Its  site  was  at  one  time  very  unhealthy,  from  the  morasses 
around  it,  but  these  have  been  drained.     P.  (1890)  30,691. 

Layman,  la'man,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  0. 

Laymyethua,  la-me-eth'na,  a  town  of  British  Burmah, 
district  of  Bassein.     Pop.  5325. 

Laynesville,  lanz'vil,  a  post-office  of  Floyd  co.,  Ky. 

Laynesvillc,a  post-hamletof  Saline  co.,  Mo.,  near  the 
Missouri  River,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Miami  Station.  It  has  a 
flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

La.ynesvil]e,  a  post-office  of  Sequatchie  co.,  Tcnn. 

Layon,li*y6xo',  a  river  of  Franco,  which  joins  the  Loire 
a  little  above  Chalonnes-sur-Loire.     Length,  55  miles. 

Layrac,  14V3,k'  (anc.  Lauracum?),  a  town  of  France, 
in  Lot-et-Garonne,  5  miles  S.  of  Agen,  on  the  Gers,  near  its 
conQuence  with  the  Garonne.     Pop.  1477. 

Layton,  la't^n,  a  township  of  Pottawattamie  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  1003. 

Layton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  in  San- 
diston  township,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Branchville  Station.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Layton  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Saginaw  co.,  Mich. 

Layto'nia,  a  post-office  of  Brazoria  co.,  Tex. 

Layton's,  lri't9nz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Rappahannock  River,  25  miles  E.  of  Milford  Station, 
Here  is  a  steamboat-landing. 

Layton's  Station,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Pa, 
in  Perry  township,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Washington  &  Balti- 
more Railroad,  45  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2 
churches. 


LAY 


1622 


LEA 


Laytonville,  l&'tpn-Tl),  a  post-rillago  of  Montgomery 
eo.,  Md.,  about  32  miles  \Y,  hy  8.  of  Baltimore.  It  haa  a 
ehurah.    Pop.  about  150. 

Lnznrct'to,  a  post-office  of  Delaware  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Dcliiwaro  Kivor,  12  railos  below  Philadelphia,  and  on  the 
Philiululphia  A  Cheater  lUilroad.  Here  is  a  large  quaran- 
tine building  on  Tinioum  Island. 

Lazaron,  I&z'^-rftfT,  a  small  island  in  tho  Paciflo 
Ocean.     Lat.  of  E.  end,  14°  5.3'  30"  S. ;  ion.  148°  39'  30"  W. 

La'zer  Creek,  of  Ooorgio,  flows  into  Flint  River  in 
Talbot  00.,  a  few  miles  N.E.  of  Talbotton. 

X>a^zette'.  a  post-office  of  Cowloy  co.,  Kansas. 

Lazise,  liid-zco'sA,  or  Lacise,  l&-chee'8&,  a  town  of 
Italy,  13  luilos  W.N.W.  of  Verona,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Lake 
.  Garda.     Pop.  2963. 

Lazistan,  I&-tis-tJln',  a  district  of  Asia  Minor,  near 
the  S.E.  angle  of  the  Black  Sea.  In  1878  a  portion  of  it 
passed  (with  Batoom,  its  chief  port)  from  Turkish  to  Russian 
sway.  Its  people,  called  Laziiins,  or  Laz  (anc.  Lazi),  speak 
a  language  regarded  as  of  an  Indo-European  stem,  and 
were  once  Christians,  but  are  now  Mohammedans. 

Lia  Zubia,  1&  thoo'se-fl.,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Anda- 
lusia, province  and  3  miles  S.  of  Granada.     Pop.  2632. 

L6«  a  city  of  Central  Asia.     See  Leii. 

Jjea,  Ice,  a  river  of  England,  rises  in  the  co.  of  Bedford, 
near  Lutcn,  and  joins  the  Thames  at  Blackwall,  after  a  course 
of  40  miles. 

T^eaburg:,  lee'burg,  a  post-office  of  Lane  oo.,  Oregon. 

Leachburg,  a  post-office  of  Johnston  co.,  N.C. 

Leachtown,  leech'tSwn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wood  co., 
W.  Va.,  4  miles  S.  of  Kanawha  Falls. 

Leachville,  leech'vll,  a  village  of  Osage  co.,  Mo.,  on 
tho  Gasconade  River,  22  miles  S.  of  Chamois.  It  has  a 
church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Here  is  Cooper's  Hill 
Post-Office. 

Lcacock,  la'kok,  a  post- village  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa., 
in  Lcacock  township,  about  7  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lancaster, 
and  54  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
machine-shop.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1906. 

Lead  City,  a  post- village  of  Lawrence  co.,  S.D.,  5  miles 
S.W.  of  Dendwood.     Vop.  in  1880.  14;S7;  in  1890,  2581. 

Lead  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Boone  co..  Ark.,  5  miles 
from  Dubuque  steamboat-landing,  on  White  River.  It  has 
several  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Lead'hills,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  18  miles  S. 
of  Lanark,  in  a  bleak  district.  Elevation,  1300  feet.  Pop. 
1033,  employed  in  some  of  the  richest  lead-mines  in  Scot- 
land, yielding  from  700  to  800  tons  yearly. 

Leading  (leed'ing)  Creek,  Meigs  co.,  0.,  runs  south- 
eastward, and  enters  the  Ohio  River  about  5  miles  below 
Pomeroy. 

Leading  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Lewis  co.,  W.  Va. 

Leading  Tickles,  a  narrow  passage,  5  miles  in  length, 
In  tho  district  of  Twillingate  and  Fogo,  Newfoundland,  32 
miles  from  Tilt  Cove.     Its  banks  are  settled  by  fishermen. 

Lead  Mine,  a  post-office  of  Dallas  co..  Mo. 

Lead  Mine,  a  post-office  of  Tucker  co.,  W.  Va.,  about 
36  miles  S.W.  of  Piedmont. 

Lead  Mines,  a  post-office  of  Henry  co.,  Ky.,  about  50 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Louisville. 

Leadsville,  or  Leedsville,  leedz'vll,  a  post-village 
of  Randolph  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  Leading  Creek,  34  miles  S.  of 
Webster  Court-House.     It  has  2  churches. 

Lead  vale,  ISd'val,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Jefferson 
CO.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Cumberland  Gap  <t  Charleston 
Railroad,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Morristown. 

Leadville,  ISd'vIl,  a  town,  capital  of  Lake  co..  Col.,  70 
miles  (172  by  rail)  S.W.  of  Denver,  on  branches  of  the  Union 
Pacific  and  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railroads.  It  was  founded 
in  1877,  and  its  mines  have  afforded  much  silver,  gold,  and 
lead.  It  has  churches,  banks,  newspapers,  and  smelting- 
furnaces.     Altitude,  10,200  feet.     Pop.  in  1890,  10,384. 

Leaf  Mountain,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Otter 
Tail  CO.,  Minn.,  23  miles  N.  of  Alexandria.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  159. 

Leaf  River,  Minnesota,  rises  in  Otter  Tail  co.,  runs 
eastward,  and  enters  the  Crow  AVing  River  in  the  S.E.  part 
of  Wadena  co.     It  is  nearly  60  miles  long. 

Leaf  River,  Mississippi,  drains  part  of  Smith  co.,  runs 
southward  in  Jones  co.  and  southeastward  through  Perry 
CO.,  and  unites  with  the  Chickasawha  River  in  the  S.  part 
of  Greene  co.  to  form  the  Pascagoula.  The  length  of  the 
Leaf  River  is  estimated  at  200  miles.  It  traverses  a  sandy 
country  extensively  covered  with  pine  forests. 

Leaf  River,  a  township  of  Ogle  co.,  III.    Pop.  1057. 

Leaf  River,  a  village  of  Perry  co..  Miss.,  10  miles  S.E. 
of  Augusta,  and  near  a  stream  of  the  same  name.  Pop.  720. 


Leaf  Valley,  a  post-township  of  Douglas  co.,  Minn 
Pop.  341. 

Leake,  leek,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Mississipplj 
has  an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  intor8ccted 
by  the  Pearl  River,  and  also  drained  by  tho  Young  Warrior 
River.  The  surface  is  extensively  covered  with  forests. 
Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  tho  staples.  Capital, 
Carthage.  Pop.  in  1870,  8496;  in  1880,  13,146;  in  1890 
14,803.  ' 

Leakesvillc,  leeks'vll,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Greene 
CO.,  Miss., on  Chickaiiawha  River,44  miles  N.N.W.  of  .Mubile. 

Leaka'ville,  a  post-villngo  of  Hockinghum  co.,  N.C,  in 
Leaksville  township,  on  the  Dan  River,  25  miles  S.W.  of 
Danville,  Va.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  a  cotton* 
factory,  and  3  tobacco- factories.     Pop.  in  1890,  726. 

Leaksville,  a  post-office  of  Page  co.,  Va. 

Lea'man  (or  Lemon)  Place,  a  post-village  of  Lan- 
caster CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  12  miles  E. 
of  Lancaster.  A  branch  railroad  extends  from  this  place 
to  Strasburg.     It  has  2  flour-mills. 

Leamington,  Idm'ing-tpn,  or  Leamington-Pri- 
ors, a  town  and  watering-place  of  England,  co.  and  2} 
miles  E.  of  Warwick.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the 
Learn,  an  affluent  of  the  Avon,  and  it  is  one  of  tho  hand- 
somest towns  in  England.  It  has  a  museum,  picture-gal- 
lery, beautiful  public  gardens,  3  banks,  2  newspapers,  and 
several  splendid  hotels.  The  waters  from  the  springs  are 
saline,  sulphurous,  and  chalybeate.     Pop.  (1891)  2fi,l03. 

Leamington,  lem'ing-ton,  a  post-village  in  Essex  co., 
Ontario,  on  Lake  Erie,  37  miles  S.E.  of  Windsor.  Steamers 
run  from  here  to  Detroit  and  Windsor.  It  has  a  largo  trade 
in  lumber,  country  produce,  and  tobacco,  and  contains  grist- 
and  saw-mills,  a  foundry,  8  stores,  and  3  hotels.     Pop.  200. 

Leamon  (lee'm^n)  Corner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock 
CO.,  Ind.,  about  27  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has 
2  churches. 

Leang,  a  city  of  China.    See  LiANa-Cnoo. 

Leao-Tong,  14-S,'o-  (or  li-5w'-)  tong,  Mookden  or 
Moukden,  mook'dfin,  or  Shing-King,  a  province  of 
tho  Chinese  Empire,  in  Manchooria,  consisting  partly  of  • 
large  peninsula  in  the  Yellow  Sea,  between  the  Gulf  of 
Leao-Tong  and  that  of  Corea.  Area,  37,269  square  miles. 
It  is  in  general  a  fertile  region,  with  a  pleasant  climate. 
Capital,  Mookden.     Pop.  2,187,286. 

Leao-Tong,  a  Chinese  name  for  Maxchootiia. 

Leao-Tong  Gulf,  an  inlet  of  tho  Yellow  Sea,  is  150 
miles  long  and  from  70  to  120  miles  broad. 

Leao-Yang,  lA-4'o-y4ng',  a  city  of  Manchooria,  prov- 
ince of  Leao-Tong,  in  lat.  41°  18'  N.,  Ion.  123°  10'  E. 
Much  of  the  area  within  the  walls  is  occupied  by  market- 
gardens,  but  in  the  city  are  many  large  and  excellent  shops, 
and  a  good  amount  of  trade  is  transacted.     Pop.  80,000. 

Leary's,  le'ar-iz,  a  post-village  of  Calhoun  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Southwestern  Railroad,  23  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Albany. 
It  has  2  churches  and  6  business-houses. 

Leasbnrg,  leez'burg,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co., 
Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis  <k  San  Francisco  Railroad,  83  miles 
S.W.  of  St.  Louis.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  150. 

Leasburg,  a  post- village  of  Caswell  co.,  N.C,  about  58 
miles  N.W.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of  Leas- 
burg township,  1461. 

Leasdale,  leez'dal,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Chartiers  Railroad,  1}  miles  S.  of  Mansfield,  and  10 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Pittsburg. 

Lea's  (leez)  Fer'ry,  a  post-office  of  Dallas  co..  Ark., 
on  the  Saline  River,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Pine  Bluff. 

Leaskdale,  leesk'dal,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  co., 
Ontario,  10  miles  N.  of  Uxbridge.  It  contains  several  saw-- 
and  grist-mills  and  3  stores.     Pop.  100. 

Leasnresville,  le-zurz'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co., 
Pa.,  3  miles  from  Sarver  Station,  and  about  26  miles  N.N.E 
of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Leath'erhead,  a  town  of  England,  in  Surrey,  on  the 
Mole,  4  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Epsom.     Pop.  of  parish,  9742. 

Leather's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Anderson  co.,  Ky. 

Leath'ersville,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Ga. 

Leath'er\Vood,a8mall  post-village  of  Clarion  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Low  Grade  Branch  of  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad, 
79  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  tannery  and  a  mill. 

Leatherwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  Va.,  30 
miles  N.W.  of  Danville.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  tobacco- 
factory.     Tobacco  of  superior  quality  grows  here. 

Leatherwood,  a  post-office  of  Webster  co.,  W.  Va. 

Leathes  Water,  a  lake  of  England.  See  Thirlmere. 

Lean,  15  (Fl.  Leemo,  or  Zont-Leeme,  zont  li'iiv),  a  vil- 
lage of  Belgium,  in  Brabant,  on  the  Little  Geete,  33  milof 
E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  of  commune,  4473. 


LEA 


1623 


LEB 


Leavenworth,  lev'en-wprth,  a  county  in  the  N.E. 
part  of  Kansas,  borders  on  Missouri.  Area,  about  450 
square  miles.  It  is  partly  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Mis- 
souri River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Stranger  River,  an 
affluent  of  the  Kansas  River,  which  forms  the  southern 
iboundary  of  this  county.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and 
is  diversified  with  prairies  and  tracts  of  timber.  The  soil  is 
,very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  pork,  and  cattle  are 
(the  staple  products.  Among  its  forest  trees  are  the  cotton- 
wood,  hickory,  oak,  and  walnut.  Limestone  underlies  a 
part  of  the  soil.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Atchison, 
iTopeka  &  Santa  F6,  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific,  Chi- 
icago,  St.  Paul  <fc  Kansas  City,  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  <fc 
ICouncil  Bluffs,  Kansas  City,  Wyandotte  &  Northwest,  Mis- 
^souri  Pacific,  and  Union  Pacific  Railroads.  Capital,  Leaven- 
Hvorth.  Pop.  in  1870,  32,444  j  in  1876,  27,698;  in  1880, 
"32,355  ;  in  1890,  38,485. 

I  Leavenworth,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Crawford  oo., 
ilnd.,  00  the  Ohio  River,  about  68  miles  below  Louisville, 
and  30  miles  by  land  W.  by  S.  of  New  Albany.  It  has  2 
ichurches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  oflBces,  and  manufactures  of 
|boats,  barges,  and  skiffs.  Pop.  792.  Five  miles  from  this 
jplnce  is  the  remarkable  Wyandotte  cave. 
>  Leavenworth,  one  of  the  most  populous  cities  of 
iKansas,  and  the  capital  of  Leavenworth  oo.,  is  situated  on 
ihe  VV.  bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  about  38  miles  above 
Kansas  City,  and  296  miles  below  Omaha.  By  railroad  it 
^3  309  miles  W.N.W.  of  St.  Louis,  34  miles  N.N.E.  of  Law- 
pence,  and  25  miles  N.AV.  of  Kansas  City.  Lat.  39°  19'  N. ; 
-^on.  94°  58'  W.    A  stratum  of  fine  limestone  which  crops 

fut  here  protects  the  city  against  the  encroachments  of  the 
apid  river,  and  affords  good  landings.  The  plan  of  the 
icity  is  regular  and  rectangular;  the  direction  of  the  streets 
Js  N.  and  S.  or  E.  and  W.  The  principal  streets  are  mac- 
iadamized  and  lighted  with  gas.  Leavenworth  contains  a 
'sourt-house,  24  churches  (viz.,  3  Baptist,  2  Catholic,  1 
Christian,  3  Congregational,  2  Episcopal,  1  Evangelical  As- 
;;ocintion,  1  Cumberland  Presbyterian,  1  Friends,  1  German 
Lutheran,  1  Jewish,  5  Methodist,  2  Presbyterian,  and  1 
United  Presbyterian),  a  high  school,  the  Leavenworth  State 
Normal  School,  founded  in  1870,  a  Catholic  academy,  or- 
:>hanage,  and  hospital,  2  national  banks,  2  savings-banks,  2 
theatres,  several  public  halls,  3  book-binderies,  5  breweries, 
19  eigar-factories,  2  machine-shops,  2  steam  Houring-mills, 
I  steam  saw-mills,  2  foundries,  4  manufactories  of  bricks, 
J  of  soap,  2  of  furniture,  manufactures  of  engines,  ma- 
ihinery,  stoves,  <fec.,  and  printing-oflSces  which  issue  3  or  4 
laily  and  3  weekly  newspapers,  also  4  monthly  papers 
ilevoted  to  agriculture,  education,  temperance,  <fec.  This 
[iity  is  the  E.  terminus  of  the  Kansas  Central  Railroad,  and 
s  on  the  Leavenworth  Railroad,  leased  as  a  branch  of  the 
iMissouri  Pacific  Railroad.  The  Leavenworth  &  North- 
Ivestern  Railroad  extends  hence  to  Atchison.  The  Leaven- 
jVprth  Branch  of  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad  connects  it 
!¥ith  Lawrence,  and  the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  &  Council 
fluffs  Railroad  is  on  the  opposite  bank  of  the  river.  Leav- 
pnworth  is  one  of  the  termini  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island 
ifc  Pacific  Railroad,  which  here  crosses  the  Missouri  River  on 
I  fine  iron  bridge  which  cost  about  $1,000,000.  Pop.  in  1800, 
(4^9:  in  1870,  17,873;  in  1880,  16,546;  in  1890,  38,486. 

Leavenworth,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Brown  co., 
Minn.,- on  the  Big  Cottonwood  River,  in  Leavenworth  town- 
jihip,  44  miles  W.  of  Mankato.  Pop.  of  township,  551. 
I  Leavenworth  Junction,  a  station  in  Douglas  co., 
Kansas,  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  2  miles  E.  by  N. 
i)f  Lawrence,  at  the  junction  of  the  Leavenworth  Branch. 
Another  Leavenworth  Junction  is  in  Leavenworth  co.,  4 
Iniles  S.  of  Leavenworth,  at  the  junction  of  the  Missouri 
jRiver  Railroad  and  the  Leavenworth  Branch  of  the  Kansas 
Pacific. 

i  Leavitt,  ISv'it,  a  township  of  Oceana  co.,  Mich.  P.  289, 
(  Leavittsburg,  lev'its-burg,  a  post-village  of  Trumbull 
|.*o.,  0.,  on  the  Mahoning  River,  and  on  the  Atlantic  &  Great 
jlVestern  Railroad  at  the  junction  of  two  divisions  of  that 
!-oad,  3  miles  W.  of  Warren,  and  49  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cleve- 
land. It  has  manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber,  and  is  an 
mportant  station  of  the  railroad. 

Leavittsvillc,  16v'its-vil,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  0. 

Leba,  14'bi,  a  river,  lake,  and  town  of  Prussia,  province 
)f  Pomerania,  the  river  entering  the  lake,  and  the  town  on 
.he  channel  connecting  this  with  the  Baltic,  30  miles  N.E. 
)f  Stolpe.     Pop.  about  1400. 

Lebadea,  a  town  of  Greece.    See  Livadia. 

Lebanon,  ISb'a-non  (L.  Lib' anus;  Ger.  Libanon,  le'- 
)l-non;  Ft.  Liban,  lee^bfts"' ;  Heb.  Lebanon;  "the  white 
noontiiin"),  a  mountain-chain  of  Syria,  extending  from  the 
ricinity  of  Antioch,  24  miles  distant  from  the  Mediterra- 


nean, S.  to  near  Sidon.  Its  culminating  point,  Jebel-Mak* 
mel,  rises  to  nearly  12,000  feet;  and  near  this  is  a  grove  of 
several  hundred  cedars.  The  whole  range  is  composed  of  a 
whitish  limestone  (whence  its  name),  and  abounds  with  cul- 
tivated grounds  and  villages,  inhabited  by  a  race  of  hardy 
mountaineers.  East  of  it  is  another  range,  nearly  parallel 
to  it,  named  Anti-Libanus,  or  Anti-Lebanon,  and  between 
the  ranges  is  the  valley  of  Coele-Syria. 

Leb'anon,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Pennsylvania, 
has  an  area  of  about  360  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Swatara  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Little  Swatara 
and  Tulpehocken  Creek.  The  surface  is  mostly  a  valley  of 
limestone  formation,  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Kitta- 
tinny  Mountain,  and  on  the  S.E.  by  South  Mountain.  The 
soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and 
butter  are  the  staple  products,  and  pig-iron  is  the  chief 
article  of  export.  Copper  is  found  in  this  county,  which 
has  also  mines  of  good  iron  ore,  Silurian  limestone,  and 
marble.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Union  Canal  and  3 
branches  of  the  Reading  Railroad,  namely,  the  Lebanon 
Valley,  the  Lebanon  <fc  Tremont,  and  the  Schuylkill  &  Sus- 
quehanna, also  by  the  Cornwall  and  Cornwall  &  Lebanon 
Railroads.  Capital,  Lebanon.  Pop.  in  1870,  34,096 ;  in 
1880,  38,476;  in  1890,  48,131. 

Lebanon,  a  post- village,  capital  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ala., 
is  in  the  fertile  valley  of  Wills  Creek,  on  or  near  the  Ala- 
bama &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  about  60  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Chattanooga. 

Lebanon,  a  post-village  of  New  London  co..  Conn.,  in 
Lebanon  township,  2  miles  W.  of  Lebanon  Station  on  the 
Now  London  Northern  Railroad,  which  is  6  miles  S.  of  Wil- 
limantic,  and  27  miles  E.S.E.  of  Hartford.  It  has  some 
manufactures  of  wool,  <fec.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2211. 

Lebanon,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  Del..  4  miles  E. 
of  Wyoming  Station,  and  about  50  miles  S.  of  Wilmington, 
It  has  a  church  and  a  canning-factory. 

Lebanon,  a  post-town  of  St.  Clair  co..  111.,  in  Lebanon 
township,  on  Silver  Creek,  and  on  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi 
Railroad,  23  miles  E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  11  miles  N.E. 
of  Belleville.  It  is  the  seat  of  McKendree  College  (Meth- 
odist Episcopal),  which  was  organized  in  1828  and  has  7 
instructors,  about  100  students,  and  a  library  of  10,000 
volumes.  Lebanon  has  8  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
bank,  2  flouring-mills,  a  brewery,  a  distillery,  a  planing- 
mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  farm-implements.  Pop.  in 
1880,  1924;  in  1890,  1636;  of  the  township,  3172. 

Lebanon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Boone  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  <fe  St.  Louis  Railroad,  35 
miles  S.E.  of  Lafayette,  and  28  miles  N.W.  of  Indianapolis. 
It  contains  7  churches,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  national  bank, 

1  other  bank,  and  manufactures  of  washing-machines,  fur- 
niture, plough-handles,  and  cigars.     Pop.  in  1890,  3682. 

Lebanon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Van  liuren  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Chequest  township,  about  30  miles  S.E.  of  Ottumwa.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Lebanon,  a  post-office  of  Smith  co.,  Kansas. 

Lebanon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Marion  co.,  Ky.,  is 
on  a  branch  of  the  Louisville  &  Great  Southern  Railroad, 
67  miles  S.S.E.  of  Louisville,  and  about  58  miles  S.W.  of 
Lexington.     It  contains  a  court-house,  2  national  banks, 

2  or  3  newspaper  offices,  a  high  school,  2  Catholic  acadwnies, 
the  Lebanon  Baptist  Female  College,  6  churches,  2  distil- 
leries, a  tannery,  a  flour-mill,  and  manufactures  of  furni- 
ture, sash,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  2816. 

Lebanon,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co..  Me.,  in  Lebanon 
township,  about  28  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Biddeford,  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  the  Salmon  River,  and  intersected  by  the 
Portland  &  Rochester  Railroad.    Pop.  of  the  township,  1953. 

Lebanon,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Mich.   Pop.  1129. 

Lebanon,  a  township  of  Dakota  co.,  Minn.   Pop.  241. 

Lebanon,  a  township  of  Cooper  co..  Mo.     Pop.  3316. 

Lebanon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Laclede  co..  Mo., 
in  Lebanon  township,  on  the  Atlantic  &  Pacific  Railroad, 
186  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Louis,  and  56  miles  N.E.  of  Spring, 
field.  It  has  a  bank,  a  high  school,  6  churches,  and  3  news- 
paper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  2218;  of  the  township,  3930. 

Lebanon,  a  post-office  of  Red  Willow  co..  Neb. 

Lebanon,  a  post-village  of  Lebanon  township,  Grafton 
CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Mascoma  River,  about  4  miles  from  its 
mouth,  and  on  the  Northern  Railroad  of  New  Hampshire, 
65  miles  N.W.  of  Concord.  It  has  4  or  6  churches,  a 
national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a 
high  school.  The  township,  which  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by 
the  Connecticut  River,  contains  a  village  named  West  Leb- 
anon, and  has  manufactures  of  farm-implements,  machinery, 
furniture,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  3763. 

Lebanon,  a  postrvillfige  of  Clinton  township,  Hunter- 


LEB 


1624 


LEO 


4|||itff>..  N.J.,  on  the  Central  Ilailrood  of  N  )w  Jersey,  38 
bUm  W.  of  Elicabeth.     It  haa  2  ohurcho*. 

IjCbauoDf  a  toirnabip  of  Hunterdon  oo.,  N.J.  P.  3561. 
'  liCbanoU)  a  poot-haiulet  of  Lebanon  township,  Madt- 
■oa  00.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Syracuse  A  Chenango  Railroad,  38 
miles  S.E.  of  Syracuse.  It  bos  a  church,  a  cheese.footory, 
a  tannery,  and  26  bouses.  The  township  is  drained  by  the 
Chenango  Kivor,  and  traversed  by  the  Now  Yorlc  &  Oswego 
Midland  Railroad.    Pop.  of  the  township,  1475. 

liCbanoiif  a  post-office  of  Columbus  co.,  N.C. 

Lebanon*  a  township  of  Meigs  co.,  0.,  ou  the  Ohio 
River.     Top.  1823. 

Lcbnnon,  a  small  village  of  Miami  co.,  0.,  about  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Dayton. 

Lebanon*  a  village  of  Monroe  co.,  0.,  about  18  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Marietta.  Pop.  124.  Here  is  Masterton  Post- 
Offico. 

Lebanon*  a  post-village,  capital  of  Warren  co.,  0.,  in 
Turtle  Creek  township,  about  32  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cincin- 
nati, and  22  miles  S.  uf  Dayton.  It  contains  9  churches,  a 
graded  school,  a  normal  school,  a  national  bank,  a  town  hall, 
and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1880,2703;  in  1890,3050. 

Lebanon*  a  post-rillage  of  Linn  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
South  Fork  of  the  Santiam  River,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Albany. 
It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  sash- 
factory.     Pop.  about  300. 

Lebanon*  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Lebanon  co.,  Pa., 
is  pleasantly  situated  in  a  fertile  limestone  valley,  28  miles 
Vf.  of  Reading,  26  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Harrisburg,  and  86 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  is  on  the  Union  Canal 
and  the  Lebanon  Valley  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the 
Lebanon  &  Pine  Grove  Railroad,  and  is  the  N.  terminus 
of  the  Cornwall  Railroad.  It  contains  13  churches,  a  court- 
house, 2  or  3  national  banks,  2  savings-banks,  a  Catholic 
academy,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  2  daily  and  4 
weekly  newspapers,  1  of  which  is  in  German.  Lebanon 
has  also  2  rolling-mills,  4  anthracite  (iron)  furnaces,  2 
flouring-mills,  3  planing-mills,  and  manufactures  of  rail- 
road-cars, iron  castings,  engines,  boilers,  carriages,  farming- 
implements,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  8778;  in  1890,  14,664. 

Lebanon*  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  628. 

Lebanon*  a  village  in  Pawtuckot  township.  Provi- 
dence CO.,  R.I.,  1  mile  N.E.  of  Pawtuckct.  It  has  a  grist- 
mill, and  manufactures  of  cotton  yarn  and  of  brooms. 
Pop.  108. 

Lebanon*  a  post-office  of  Abbeville  co.,  S.C,  about  54 
miles  N.W.  of  Augusta,  Ga. 

Lebanon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wilson  co.,  Tenn., 
30  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Nashville,  with  which  it  is  connected 
by  the  Tennessee  &  Pacific  Railroad.  It  is  the  seat  of  Cum- 
berland University  (Cumberland  Presbyterian),  which  was 
organized  in  1842  and  has  22  instructors  and  about  60 
students.  Here  is  a  law  school  connected  with  the  univer- 
sity, which  has  also  a  theological  department.  Lebanon 
contains  2  national  banks,  5  churches,  a  female  seminary, 
a  newspaper  office,  1  or  2  steam  flouring-mills,  2  saw-mills, 
and  manufactures  of  woollen  goods  and  brooms.     Pop.  2296. 

Lebanon*  a  post-office  of  Collin  co.,  Tex.,  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Piano  Station.     Here  are  2  stores. 

Lebanon*  a  post-village,  capital  of  Russell  co.,  Va.,  is 
about  4  miles  S.  of  the  Clinch  River,  and  20  miles  N.  by 
W.  of  Abingdon,  near  the  base  of  Clinch  Mountain.  It  has 
2  churches.     Pop.  209. 

Lebanon*  a  post-township  of  Dodge  co.,  Wis.,  inter- 
sected by  Rock  River.  Pop.  1637.  Lebanon  Post-Offlce  is 
7  miles  E.N.E.  of  Watertown. 

Lebanon*  a  township  of  Waupaca  co..  Wis.     Pop.  771. 

Lebanon  Church*  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa. 

Lebanon  Church*  a  post-hamlet  of  Shenandoah  co., 
Va.,  3i  miles  W.  of  Capon  Road  Depot.     It  has  a  church. 

Lebanon  Junction*  a  post- village  of  Bullitt  co.,  Ky., 
is  on  the  Louisville,  Nashville  &  Great  Southern  Railroad, 
30  miles  S.  of  Louisville.  It  has  2  churches  and  2  stores. 
The  Knoxville  Branch  connects  here  with  the  main  line. 

Lebanon  Lalce*  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y., 
about  15  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Port  Jervis.  It  has  a  church, 
a  tannery,  and  a  lumber-mill  on  Mongaup  River. 

Lebanon  Springs*  a  post-village  and  summer  resort 
of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  in  New  Lebanon  township,  on  the 
Uarlem  Extension  Railroad,  about  25  miles  S.E.  of  Albany. 
It  has  a  warm  mineral  spring,  several  hotels  (one  capivble 
of  accommodating  400  guests),  and  2  churches.  See  also 
New  Lebanon  and  Mount  Lebanon. 

Lebbeke*  ISb-b^'k^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  18  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  4500. 

Le  Beausset*  l^h  bO'sA'.  a  town  of  France,  in  Var,  8 
miles  N.W.  of  Toulon.    Pop.  1909. 


Le'beck*  a  post-hamlet  of  Cedar  co.,  Mo.,  16  miles  8 1 
of  Schell  City. 

Lebedian*  ldb-&-de-&n',  a  town  of  Russia,  governmeak 
and  110  miles  W.N.W.  of  Tambov.     Pop.  6010. 

Lebediu*  or  Lebedinc*  l£b-&-deen',  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  77  miles  W.N.W.  of  Kharkov.     P.  11,897. 

Lcbeny,  lA'baifi',  or  Leiden*  H'd^n,  a  village  of' 
Hungary,  co.  of  Wicsolburg,  near  Lake  Neusicdl.     P.  2597. 

Lcberau*  a  village  of  Germany.    See  LiKrvitE. 

Leberber^*  the  Gorman  name  of  Juka. 

Lebida*  lib'?-di,  or  Leb'da  (ano.  Lep'tls  Mmfun),  % 
ruined  town  of  Africa,  64  miles  K.  of  Tripoli,  on  the  .Med. 
iterranean.  Scptimius  Scvcrus  was  born  in  its  vicinity 
A.D.  146. 

Le  Biot*  l9h  be-o',  a  town  of  France,  in  Savoy,  on  tha 
Dransc,  about  U  miles  from  Thonon.     Pop.  1703. 

Lebita*  or  Lebintlios*  Greece.    See  Levita. 

Le  Bianc*  l^h  bidtc,  a  village  of  France,  in  Indre,  on 
the  Creuse,  32  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chiltcauroux.  It  was  for- 
merly  fortified,  and  has  wool-spinning  works,  tanneries,  and 
manufactures  of  edge-tools  and  pottery.     Pop.  4724. 

Le'bo  Creelt*  a  post-office  of  Coffey  co.,  Kansas,  aboat 
27  miles  E.S.E.  of  Emporia. 

Lcbocuf*  l^h-bflf,  a  post-township  of  Erie  co.,  Pa., 
about  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Erie.  It  is  traversed  by  French 
Creek  and  the  Atlantic  k  Great  Western  Railroad.  It  con- 
tains a  borough  named  Mill  Village,  and  Lebocuf  Station 
on  the  Philadelphia  k  Erie  Railroad,  23  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Erie.     Pop.  1748. 

Le  Bois*  l^h  bw&,  a  village  of  France,  Charento-Inf6- 
rieure,  14  miles  W.  of  La  Rochelle,  in  the  He  de  R6.  Pop, 
of  commune,  2062. 

Le  Bourjg*  a  village  of  Switzerland.     See  Buro. 

Le  Bourg  les  Valence*  l^h  boon  \k,  vi'l6Nss',atowB: 
of  France,  in  Dr6mc,  Jf  mile  N.  of  Valence,  of  which  it 
forms  a  suburb,  on  the  Rhone.     Pop.  2574. 

Le  Breton  (l^h  br?-toN»')  Flats*  a  suburb  of  the  city 
of  Ottawa,  situated  on  Cbaudifere  and  Victoria  Islands, 
two  small  islands  in  the  Ottawa  River.  It  possesses  un- 
rivalled water-power,  and  contains  an  extensive  foundry,  a 
carding-  and  fulling-mill,  several  flour-mills,  a.nd  eight  large 
saw-  and  planing-mills. 

Lebr^a,  or  Lebrixa*  li-bree'ni  (anc.  Nchria' ta),  a 
town  of  Spain,  province  and  29  miles  S.S.W.  of  Seville, 
near  the  left  bank  of  the  Guadalquivir.  Pop.  10,338.  It  ii- 
in  a  marshy  tract;  the  streets  are  narrow  and  the  houses 
mean.  Chief  public  buildings,  a  church  formerly  a  mosque, 
a  college,  and  a  ruined  castle.  It  has  manufactures  of 
cloth,  pottery,  and  soap,  and  is  famous  for  its  oil. 

Leorija*  or  Lebrixa,  lA-Hrec'iii,  a  river  of  (he  re- 
public of  Colombia,  ji)ins  the  Magdalena  120  miles  N.W. 
of  Pamplona. 

Lcbu,  li-boo',  a  town  of  Chili,  province  of  Arauco,  neaf 
the  sea,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Lebu.  It  has  coal-mines. 
Pop.  5783. 

Le  Buet,  l?h  bU'4',  one  of  the  Alps  of  Savoy,  between 
Chamouni  and  Sixt,  N.  of  Mont  Blanc.  Height  above  tho 
sea,  10,128  feet. 

Le  Bugne,  l?h  bilg,  a  town  of  France,  in  Dordogne,  14 
miles  W.  of  Sarlat,  on  the  Veztire.     Pop.  1685. 

Lebus,  li'boos,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  of  Branden- 
burg, 5  miles  N.  of  Frankfort-on-the-Oder.     Pop.  2767. 

Le  Cap,  a  town  of  Hayti.     See  Cape  Haytien. 

Le  Carbet,  a  town  of  Martinique.     See  Caubet. 

Lecce,  Ifit'chd,  formerly  Terra  di  Otranto,  tJit'ni 
de  0-tr4n'to,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Apulia,  forming  the 
extremity  of  the  S.E.  fork  of  the  Italian  peninsula.  Area, 
3293  square  miles.     Capital,  Lecce.     Pop.  493,594. 

Lecce,  ISt'chi  (anc.  Lvpiat  or  Aletiumf),  a  city  of 
Italy,  capital  of  the  above  province,  29  miles  by  rail  N.W. 
of  Otranto.  Pop.  23,247.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  \\m 
a  castle,  a  large  cathedral  and  30  other  churches,  several 
convents,  a  royal  college,  a  foundling  hospital,  and  a  thea- 
tre, with  a  noble  government  house  and  town  hall.  It  has 
manufactures  of  woollen,  cottons,  snuff,  oil,  silk  goods,  lace, 
and  linen  thread.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Lecco,  iSk'ko  (anc.  Fo'rum  Licin'iif),  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  Lombardy,  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Como,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Adda  in  the  Lake  of  Lecco.  Pop.  7040.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  silks,  cotton  and  woollen  stuffs,  and  iron-ware.  A 
railway  extends  hence  to  Milan. 

Lecco,  a  village  of  Italy.     See  Lequio. 

Lecelles,  l^h-sdir,  a  village  of  France,  in  NorJ,  8 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Valenciennes.     Pop.  1932. 

Lecera,  li-thi'r&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Aragon,  36  milci 
S.S.E.  of  Saragossa,  near  the  Aguas.     Pop.  2050. 

Lech}  15k,  a  river  of  Southern  Germany,  Tyrol  and 


LEO 


1625 


bBB 


avaria,  rises  in  the  Vorarlberg,  and,  after  a  N.  course  of 

0  milos,  joins  the  Danube  26  miles  N.  of  Augsburg. 
JLe   Chnpiis,   leh   shi'pUce',  a   hamlet  of  France,  in 
harente-Int'erioure,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Marennes,  opposite 
ke  island  of  OI6ron.     It  is  a  fortification  of  the  second 
lass,  and  its  small  port  is  defended  by  a  fort. 

Le  Chateau,  l§h  shaHO',  or  Chateau  d'Ol6ron, 

li'to'  doMiV6N<>',  a  seaport  town  of  France,  in  Charente- 
iferieure,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Marennes,  on  the  S.E.  point  of 

0  island  of  Olcron.     Pop.  1578. 

IiCChay,  an  Indian  name  of  the  Lehigh,  Pennsylvania. 

Lechcuich,  IdK'en-iK,  or  Lcchnich,  l^K'niK,  a  for- 
jfted  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Cologne. 
[op.  about  1800. 

I  Le  Chenit,  leh  sb i'nee',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
f  Vaud,  on  the  Orbe,  at  its  entrance  into  the  S.  extremity 
f  Lake  Joux,  19  miles  AV.N.AV.  of  Lausanne.  Pop.  3608. 
I  Lechhausen,  ISK'how'zen,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
eoh,  U  miles  N.N.E.  of  Augsburg.     Pop.  6724.     It  has 

anufactures  of  linen,  silk  stuffs,  and  oil-cloth. 

Lechlade,  Id'tch'lSd,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Glouces- 
ir,  on  the  Isis,  and  on  the  Thames  <&  Severn  Canal,  15 
liles  by  rail  W.  of  Oxford. 

Lechnich,  a  town  of  Prussia.    Sec  Lechexich. 

Lechnitz,  a  town  of  Transylvania.    See  Lekextze. 

Leek,  I6k,  a  river  of  the  Netherlands,  forming  an  arm 

the  Old  Rhine,  at  its  delta,  N.  of  the  Waal.  It  forms  the 
joundary  fust  between  the  provinces  of  Utrecht  and  Gelder- 

fnd,  and  then  between  Utrecht  and  South  Holland,  and 
»ins  the  Mouse  7  miles  E.  of  Rotterdam. 
Leek  Kill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northumberland  co.,  Pa., 
a  Upper  Mahanoy  township,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Danville. 
t  has  a  church. 

i'  Leciaire,  le-klair',  a  post-village  of  Scott  co.,  Iowa,  in 
loclaire  township,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  17  miles  above 
•avenport,  and  i  mile  from  Port  Byron,  111.  It  is  at  the 
ead  of  the  Upper  Rapids.  It  has  5  churches,  a  quarry  of 
mestone,  a  graded  school,  3  lime-kilns,  a  boat-yard,  and 
iianufactures  of  lumber.  Pop.  1121j  of  the  township,  ad- 
jitional,  764. 

Leclercville,  le-klerk'vll,  or  Sainte  Emilie,  s^Nt 
m*e'lee',  a  post-village  in  Lotbini^re  co.,  Quebec,  on  the 
tver  St.  Lawrence,  51  miles  above  Quebec.  It  has  saw- 
jnd  grist-mills,  a  carding-mill,  and  3  stores.  Pop.  200. 
1  L'Ecluse,  lA,'kliiz',  a  fort  of  France,  in  Ain,  above  the 
thone,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Geneva.  It  commands  the  rail- 
way from  Switzerland  into  France  between  Seyssel  and  St. 
(renix. 

1  L'Ecluse,  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  6  miles  S.  of 
^ouai.     Pop.  1713. 
I  L'Ecluse,  the  French  name  of  Sluis. 

Lecoinpte,  l^-komt,  post-office,  Rapides  parish.  La. 
,  Lecomp'ton,  a  post-village  in  Lecompton  township, 
)ouglas  CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Kansas  River, 
nd  on  the  Kansas  Midland  Railroad,  16  miles  E.  of  Topeka. 
jt  was  once  the  capital  of  Kansas  Territory,  It  has  3 
purches,  and  is  the  seat  of  Lane  University,  which  was 
irganlzed  in  1865  and  has  about  400  students.  Pop.  about 
[00  ;  of  the  township,  1239. 

j  Lecompton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  0.,  about  8 
liles  W.  of  Woodsfield. 

I  Leconte's  (le-konts')  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clear- 
eld  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River, 
[bout  40  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Altoona.  It  has  a  church,  a 
!our-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

j  Le  Coq,  l§h  kok,  a  town  of  Senegambia,  in  Foota-Toro, 
[t  the  W.  extremity  of  the  island  Morfil,  formed  by  a  branch 
if  the  Senegal,  Lat.  16°  38'  N. ;  Ion.  15°  5'  W. 
t  Le  Couserans,  leh  koo*ZQh-r6N»',  an  ancient  district 
jf  France,  among  the  Pyrenees,  near  the  frontiers  of  Spain, 
ts  capital  was  Saint-Lizier. 

.  Le  Coux,  l^h  koo,  a  village  of  France,  in  Dordogne,  13 
|ii!es  AV.S.W.  of  Sarlat.     Pop.  1746. 

i  Le  Creuzotjl^hkruh^zo',  a  village  of  Franco,  in  Sa6ne- 
!t-Loire,  18  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Autun.  Pop.  15,599, 
jmployed  in  raising  iron  and  coal,  and  in  blast-furnaces, 
|teel-mills,  foundries,  locomotive-shops,  copper-works,  and 
jteam-engine-factories.  It  is  one  of  the  most  active  indus- 
jrial  centres  in  France. 

:  Le  Croisic,  l?h  krwi'zeek',  a  seaport  town  of  France, 
in  Loire-Inferieure,  on  a  point  of  land  between  the  mouth 
|f  the  Loire  and  Vilaine,  44  miles  W.  of  Nantes.  Pop. 
1 981.  It  has  an  exchange,  a  school  of  navigation,  tribunal 
?f  commerce,  and  a  port  of  great  extent  and  depth,  with 
"Ctive  fisheries,  and  refineries  of  salt  and  soda  procured  from 
.i^eighboring  salt-marshes.  About  6  miles  seaward  is  Le 
four,  an  extensive  reef  of  rooks,  marked  by  a  light-house, 
103 


Le  Crotoy,  l^h  kroHwi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Sommo, 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Abbeville,  with  a  small  port  on  the  Sommo, 
near  its  mouth.     Pop,  1509, 

Lectoure,  iSkHoou'  (anc.  Lacto'ra,  or  Cio'ltas  Lactora'- 
tium),  a  town  of  France,  in  Gers,  capital  of  an  arrondisse- 
ment,  20  miles  N,  of  Auch.  Pop.  2963.  It  stands  on  a 
steep  rock,  enclosed  by  ruined  walls,  and  has  an  old  epis- 
copal palace,  now  the  prefecture,  a  fine  Gothic  church,  com- 
munal college,  town  hall,  and  hospital.  Its  manufactures 
consist  of  serge  and  coarse  woollen  cloths,  and  it  has  a  brisk 
trade  in  cattle,  wines,  brandy,  and  grain, 
Lectum,  the  ancient  name  of  Baba. 
Leczna,  Ifitch'nd,  a  town  of  Poland,  province  and  15 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Lublin,  on  the  Wieprz.     Pop.  1800. 

Leda,  li'di,  a  river  of  Germany,  formed  by  the  union 
of  the  Ohe  and  Marka,  on  the  frontiers  of  Oldenburg  and 
Hanover,  joins  the  Ems  after  a  course  of  24  miles. 

Led'better,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Austin  Branch  of  the  Houston  &  Texas  Central  Railroad, 
68  miles  E.  of  Austin,     It  has  several  stores. 

Led'bury,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  13  miles  by  rail 
E.  of  Hereford,  on  the  Hereford  &  Gloucester  Canal.  The 
town,  on  a  declivity  at  the  S.  extremity  of  the  Malvern 
Hills,  has  many  ancient  houses,  a  church,  partly  of  Norman 
architecture,  with  a  detached  tower  and  fine  altar-piece,  a 
grammar-school,  a  hospital,  several  other  charities,  a  union 
workhouse,  market-house,  and  some  manufactures  of  ropo 
and  sacking.  In  its  vicinity  are  cider-orchards,  hop-grounds, 
and  marble-quarries.     Pop.  2967. 

Lede,  li'd^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanders, 
on  a  railway,  6i  miles  S.W.  of  Dendermonde.  Pop.  4000. 
Ledeberg,  lA'd?h-bduG\  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  at  the  junction  of  the  railways  from  Ghent  to 
Termonde  and  Ghent  to  Courtrai,  2  miles  S.E.  of  Ghent, 
with  cotton-mills.     Pop.  4100. 

Ledeghein,  li'd?h-oh4m\  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
West  Flanders,  6  miles  W.N.W,  of  Courtrai.     Pop.  3200, 

Lederachsville,  lcd'?r-ak8-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mont- 
gomery CO.,  Pa.,  about  12  miles  N.  of  Norristown. 

Ledesma,  lA-d5s'mi  (anc.  Jiletis'ama),  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  20  miles  N.W.  of  Salamanca,  on  the 
Tormes.  Pop.  2896.  It  has  warm  mineral  baths,  much 
frequented. 

Ledesma,  li-dis'md,  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Republic, 
province  of  Jujuy.     Pop.  3149. 

Ledetsch,  li'd6tch  (L.  Lededum),  a  town  of  Bohemia, 
17  miles  S.S.W.  of  Czaslau,  on  the  Sasawa.     Pop.  2093. 

Ledge,  lej,  or  The  Ledge,  a  post-village  in  Charlotte 
CO.,  New  Brunswick,  on  the  St.  Croix  River,  4  miles  from 
St.  Stephen.     Pop.  300, 

Ledge  (15j)  Dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co..  Pa., 
on  Wallenpaupao  Creek,  about  22  miles  B.  of  Scranton.  It 
has  a  tannery  and  2  saw-mills. 

Ledger,  lej'§r,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mitchell  co.,  N.C.,  30 
miles  N.  of  Marion.     It  has  a  church  and  a  mica-mine, 

Ledgeville,  lej-vil,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co.,  Wis., 
on  the  Milwaukee  &  Northern  Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of 
Green  Bay. 

Le  Dorat,  ]§h  do^ril'  (anc.   Oratorinm?),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Haute- Vienne,  7  miles  N.  of  Bellao.     Pop.  2322, 
Ledoux,  l§-doo',  a  post-office  of  Morrison  co.,  Minn., 
8  miles  S.W.  of  Little  Falls. 
Leduc,  l^-dook',  a  post-office  of  Gasconade  co.,  Mo, 
Ledum  Salorium,  France,     See  Lo.vs-le-Saul.\ier. 
Ledyard,  led'yard,  a  post-village  of  New  London  co., 
Conn.,  in  Ledyard  township,  8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Norwich, 
and  4  miles  E.  of  AUyn's  Point  Railroad  Station.     It  has 
2  or  3  churches  and  a  woollen-factory.     The  township  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Thames  River,     Pop.  1392. 

Ledyard,  a  post-township  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.y.,  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  Cayuga  Lake,  and  contains  the  vil. 
lage  of  Aurora,  vrhich  is  about  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Auburn. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Cayuga  Southern  Railroad,  P,  2257. 
Lee,  a  river  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Cork,  rises  in  Lake  Gou- 
gane-Barra,  flows  E.,  and  enters  Cork  harbor. 

Lee,  a  small  river  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kerry,  flows  int« 
Tralee  Bay. 

Lee,  a  village  of  England,  in  Kent,  on  the  S,  edge  of 
BLackheath,  6  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  London.  It  has  many 
handsome  residences,  a  beautiful  church,  and  an  endowed 
school.     Pop.  of  parish,  10,493, 

Lee,  a  county  in  the  S.E,  of  Alabama,  separated  from 
Georgia  on  the  B,  by  the  Chattahoochee  River.  Area,  about 
610  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Western  Railway 
of  Alabama  and  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia,  and  has 
a  diversified  surface  and  a  fertile  soil.  Capital,  Opelika. 
Pop.  in  1870,  21,750;  in  1880,  27,262j  in  1890,  28,694.    ■ 


LEB 


t62ft- 


LEE 


LeC)  a  eountjr  in  the  B.  part  of  ArkansM.  Area,  nbout 
OOft  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Missis- 
sippi Kiver,  is  inter«eotod  by  the  St.  Fmnuis,  and  is  also 
dminoil  by  the  L'Anxuilio  River.  The  surfaoo,  nearly  level, 
is  partly  covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  bocch,  olm,  hickory, 
and  uak.  Cuttun  and  Indian  oorn  are  its  staple  products. 
OspiUl,  Marianno.  Pop.  in  1880,  13,288;  in  189U,  18,886. 
.  Lee*  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Qoorgia,  has  an  area 
of  about  .'<60  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Flint  Itiver,  and  is  intersected  by  Kinohafooneo  and  Muck- 
alee  Crooks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and 
a  largo  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Cotton  and  maiio  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  the  Southwestern  Railroad.  Capital,  Lees- 
burg.     Pop.  in  1870,  9567  ;  in  1880,  10.577  ;  in  1890,  9074. 

Lee,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Illinois.  Area,  about 
740  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Green  and  Rock 
Rivers.  The  surface  is  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  very  fertile. 
The  greater  part  of  it  is  prairie.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats, 
hay,  cattle,  pork,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Silu- 
rian limestone  underlies  a  largo  part  of  this  county.  It  is 
intersected  by  three  railroads, — the  Illinois  Central,  the 
Chicago  &  Northwestern,  and  the  Chicago,  Burlington  i 
Quincy.  Capital,  Dixon.  Pop.  in  1870,  27,171;  in  1880, 
27,491;  in  1890,  26,187. 

Lee,  the  most  southeastern  county  of  Iowa.  Area,  about 
486  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Skunk 
River,  on  the  E.  by  the  Mississippi,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the 
Des  Moinos  River,  which  enters  tlio  Mississippi  at  the  S. 
extremity  of  this  county.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and 
is  diversified  with  prairies  and  forests  of  good  timber,  which 
is  here  abundant.  The  soil  is  uniformly  very  fertile.  In- 
dian corn,  wheat,  odts,  hay,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Good  limestone  underlies  the  soil.  This  county 
IS  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  <fe  Pacific,  Chicago, 
Burlington  &  Kansas  City,  and  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa 
F6  Railroads,  and  a  branch  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  & 
Quincy  Railroad.  It  contains  the  city  of  Keokuk.  Capital, 
Fort  Madison.  Pop.  in  1870,  37,210;  in  1880^  34,859;  in 
1890,  37,715. 

Lee,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Kentucky.  Area, 
about  228  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Kentucky 
River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  South  Fork  of  the  same. 
The  surface  is  hilly,  nnd  mostly  covered  with  forests.  Indian 
corn  is  the  staple  product.  Bituminous  coal  is  found  here. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Kentucky  Union  and  Rich- 
mond, Nicholasville,  Irvine  &  Beottyville  Railroads.  Cap- 
ital, Beattyville.  Pop,  in  1870,  3055;  in  1880,  4254;  in 
1890,  6205. 

liCCf  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Mississippi,  bns  an 
area  of  nbout  470  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Tom- 
bigbee  River  and  several  creeks  which  enter  that  river. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  the  hickory,  elm,  magnolia,  oak,  tulip-tree,  <fec. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  Cretaceous  strata  underlie  the  surface 
of  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  and 
Kansas  City,  Memphis  &  Birmingham  Railroads.  Capital, 
Tupelo.  Pop.  in  1870,  15,955;  in  1880,  20,470;  in  1890, 
20,040. 

'  liee,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area 
of  640  square  miles.  It  is  partly  drained  by  the  Yegua 
Creek.  The  Colorado  River  almost  touches  the  S.  extremity 
of  this  county.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile. It  is  intersected  by  the  Houston  &  Texas  Central  and 
San  Antonio  &  Aransas  Pass  Railroads.  Capital,  Giddings. 
Pop.  in  1880,  8937;  in  1890,  11,952. 

Liee,  a  county  forming  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Virginia, 
borders  on  Kentucky  and  Tennessee.  Area,  about  429  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Powell's  River,  and  bounded  on 
the  N.W.  by  Cumberland  Mountain.  The  surface  is  partly 
diversified  by  Powell's  Mountain,  and  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Iron  ore 
and  limei-tone  are  abundant  here.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad.  Capital,  Jonesville.  Pop. 
in  1870,  13,268;  in  1880,  15,116;  in  1890,  18,216. 

liee,  a  post-office  of  Lee  co..  Ark. 

liee,  a  township  of  Sacramento  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  541. 

Lee,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  III.     Pop.  1277. 

LiCCf  a  township  of  Fulton  co.,  III.     Pop.  918. 

Lee,  a  thriving  post-villuge  of  Lee  co.,  III.,  on  the  Chi- 
cago A,  Iowa  Railroad,  35  miles  W.  of  Aurora.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  manufac- 
tory of  farming-implements. 

Lee,  a  township  of  Baena  Vista  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop.  461. 
It  contains  Sioux  Rapids, 


Lee,  a  township  of  Franklin  oo.,  Iowa.    Pop.  206. 

Lee,  a  township  of  Maiiison  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  426. 

Lee,  a  post-office  of  Union  oo.,  Iowa. 

Lee,  a  post-office  of  Phillips  co.,  Kansas. 

Lee,  a  post-village  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  in  Lee  town- 
ship,  about  48  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bangor.  It  has  2  cburobes, 
an  academy,  a  flour-mill,  and  several  law-mills.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  960. 

Lee,  a  post-village  of  Lee  township,  Berkshire  co. 
Mass.,  on  tne  Ilousatonic  River,  and  on  the  lIouHatonio 
Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of  Pittsfield,  and  about  38  miles  S.E. 
of  Albany,  N.Y.  It  contains  5  churches,  a  high  school,  n 
national  bMink,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Here  are  sevomi 
woollen-factories  and  large  paper-mills.  The  township  but 
quarries  of  fine  white  marble,  which  is  exported  to  distant 
cities.  Pop.  of  township,  3900.  It  contains  villages  named 
East  Lee  and  South  Leo. 

Lee,  a  post-township  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  294. 

Lee,  a  township  of  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1115. 

Lee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carter  oo..  Mo.,  20  miles  W.  of 
Mill  Spring  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Lee,  a  township  of  Platte  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  2290. 

Lee,  or  Lee  llill,  a  post-hamlet  in  Lee  township, 
Strafford  co.,  N.II.,  on  the  Nashua  &  Rochester  Railroad, 
about  9  miles  S.W.  of  Dover,  and  16  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Rochester,  It  has  2  churches.  The  township  contains  a 
village  named  Wadley's  Falls,  on  Lamprey  River,  Pop.  of 
township,  776. 

Lee,  a  small  post-village  of  Lee  township,  Oneida  oo., 
N.Y.,  8  or  9  miles  N.W.  of  Rome.     It  has  2  churches  and 
a  cheese-factory.    The  township  contains  a  larger  village, 
named  Leo  Centre,  and  a  hamlet  named  Delta.    It  has  sev-  ' 
oral  tanneries.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2425. 

Lee,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  N.C. 

Lee,  a  post-township  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  about  44  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Marietta.  Pop.  1146.  It  contains  the  village 
of  Albany,  at  which  is  Lee  Post-Office. 

Lee,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  0.     Pop.  901. 

Lee,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  0.  Pop.  1114.  Itoon> 
tains  Sardis,  on  the  Ohio  River. 

Lee,  a  township  of  Williamsburg  co.,  S.C.    Pop.  1181.  > 

Lee  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Lee  co..  III.,  in  Lee 
Centre  township,  near  Green  River,  3i  miles  N.E.  of  Am- 
boy,  and  14  miles  S.E.  of  Dixon.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
graded  school.     Pop.  of  tlie  township,  1028. 

Lee  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Lee 
township,  8  miles  N.  of  Rome,  and  22  miles  N.W.  of  Utioa. 
It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a  graded  school,  and  a  tannery. 
Pop.  355. 

Leech,  a  township  of  Wayne  co..  111.     Pop.  1258. 

Leech'burg,  a  post-borough  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa.,  in 
Alleghany  township,  on  Kiskiminetas  River,  and  on  the 
AVestern  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  35  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of 
Pittsburg.  It  has  an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  5  churches, 
a  rolling-mill,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.    P.  (1890)  1921. 

Leech  Lake,  in  the  N.  part  of  Minnesota,  is  about 
7  miles  S.  of  Lake  Cass.  It  is  nearly  20  miles  long  and  15 
miles  wide.  Its  surplus  water  is  discharged  by  a  short  out- 
let into  the  Mississippi  River.     Elevation,  1330  feet. 

Leech  Lake*,  a  post-office  of  Cass  co.,  Minn.,  on  a  lake  { 
of  the  same  name.  .  j 

Leech's  Corners,  or  Salem,  a  post- village  of  M«-  I 
cer  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Franklin  Branch  of  the  Lake  Shore 
Railroad,  at  Salem  Station,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Jamestown,  and 
about  18  miles  S.W.  of  Meadville.     It  has  a  church,  a 
cheese-factory,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Leech'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Beaufort  co.,  N.C,  on  an 
inlet  of  Pamlico  Sound,  about  55  miles  N.E.  of  Newbern. 
It  has  3  churches. 

Leechville,  Huron  co.,  Ontario.     See  Gourie. 

Leeds,  a  borough,  the  principal  woollen-manufacturing 
town  of  England,  CO.  of  York,  West  Riding,  situated  on  the 
N.  side  of  the  Aire,  across  which  it  communicates  with  iU 
suburbs  Ilolbeckand  Hunslct  by  five  bridges,  21  miles  S.W. 
of  York,  at  the  junction  of  numerous  railways.  Pop. 
(1891)  367,506.  The  town  lies  chiefly  in  a  crescent-shaped 
valley.  It  has  several  good  and  spacious  thoroughfares. 
The  district  on  the  W.  is  new,  and  inhabited  by  the  wealthier 
classes.  The  population  on  this  side  of  the  town  is  increas- 
ing very  rapidly,  and  new  streets  and  roads  have  been  laid 
out.  Manufactures  comprise  woollens,  iron-works,  worsteds, 
silks,  potteries,  glass-wares,  dye-works,  flax-spinning,  and 
leather.  Principal  edifices  are  the  town  hall,  a  rectangu- 
lar pile  of  250  by  200  feet,  standing  on  an  elevated  plat- 
form, and  presenting  four  handsome  facades  enriched  with 
Corinthian  columns ;  the  roof  of  the  Victoria  hall,  in  the 
centre,  is  95  feet  high,  and  the  S.  entrance  is  surmountod 


LEE 


1627 


LEE 


by  a  square  towor  and  dome  225  feet  high ;  the  commer- 
cial buildings,  with  news-  and  concert-rooms,  the  central 
market,  the  free  and  south  markets,  royal  exchange,  court- 
house (converted  into  a  post-office),  cavalry  barracks,  with 
la  parade-ground,  occupying  11  or  12  acres,  rifle  corps  pa- 
rade-grounds and  orderly-rooms,  the  hall  of  the  literary 
'and  philosophical  society,  comprising  a  spacious  lecture- 
theatre  and  museum-rooms  well  stocked,  three  theatres,  a 
music  hall,  assembly-rooms,  and  public  baths.  The  new 
infirmary  was  opened  in  1868.  The  building  cost  over 
i£  100,000.  Close  to  it  is  the  Leeds  School  of  Medicine. 
JThe  Bank  of  England  has  a  very  handsome  erection  for  its 
ibranch  in  Leeds.  A  few  of  the  banks,  warehouses,  hotels, 
club-houses,  and  stations  are  remarkable  for  their  large  di- 
imensions.  There  is  a  borough  jail  here  in  the  castellated 
^style,  and  second  to  none  of  its  class  in  the  kingdom.  A 
!cattle-market,  about  5  acres  in  extent,  was  formed  in  1855. 
iTIiere  are  now  36  churches  in  the  parish,  and  numerous 
dissenting  places  of  worship;  a  Roman  Catholic  church, 
«nd  also  a  magnificent  cathedral,  which  is  available  for  use, 
though  for  want  of  funds  the  details  have  not  been  all  car- 
Tied  out.  In  1874  a  college  of  science  was  started.  The 
grammar-school  has  a  revenue  of  £1675  a  year ;  it  is  situ- 
iited  on  the  edge  of  Woodhouse  Moor,  an  open  piece  of 
[ground  of  above  60  acres  in  extent,  belonging  to  the  cor- 
Iporation.  There  are  several  almshouses  in  the  town,  of 
^vhich  the  Harrison  almshouses,  as  well  as  St.  John's 
lehurcb,  which  is  a  very  rich  foundation,  were  established 
and  endowed  by  the  liberality  of  Mr.  John  Harrison. 
(There  are  also  many  schools,  public  and  subscription  libra- 
Iries,  the  school  of  arts,  and  mechanics'  institute.  The 
(infirmary  has  an  annual  income  of  nearly  £5000.  Other 
Imcdical  charities  are  the  fever  hospital,  the  hospital  for 
Hvomen  and  children  (both  possessing  elegant  and  imposing 
ibuildings),  the  eye  and  ear  infirmary,  and  public  dispensary. 
jThe  Leeds  workhouse  is  a  magnificent  and  extensive  build- 
ing. Among  the  buildings  in  the  town  may  be  mentioned 
the  white  and  colored  cloth  halls,  in  which  the  sales  from 
the  manufacturers  to  the  merchants  are  efibcted;  although 
extensive  buildings,  they  do  not  present  an  impv.<iing  ap- 
boarance  externally.  The  sale-room  is  a  very  largo  one, 
nnd  has  1250  stalls.  In  connection  with  the  Leeds  water- 
tfforks  is  the  store  reservoir  at  Eccup  (about  6  miles  N.  of 
iLeeds),  covering  50  acres  and  containing  257  millions  of 
gallons ;  there  are  also  service  reservoirs  at  Weetwood  and 
SVoodhouse  Moor  of  10  and  6  acres  and  holding  respect- 
tvely  28  and  5  millions  of  gallons.  About  3  miles  from 
ithe  town  is  a  fine  park,  300  acres  in  extent,  formed  from 
jlho  Roundhay  Park  estate.  The  position  of  Leeds,  on  the 
iJdge  of  an  extensive  coal-field,  and  having  communication 
With  the  sea  by  the  river  Aire,  and  with  the  Mersey  at 
(Liverpool  and  the  Humber  at  Goole  by  means  of  canals, 
ivnd  to  all  parts  of  the  country  by  railways,  has  led  to  its 
Eminence  in  woollen-manufacture.  Its  principal  fabrics 
sonsist  of  the  finest  broadcloths,  kerseymeres,  swandown, 
Wd  beavers  J  in  addition,  carpets,  blankets,  camlets,  and 
lihalloons  are  woven,  and  large  quantities  of  unfinished 
jituffs  are  brought  from  Bradford  and  Halifax  to  be  finished. 
'Linen  yarn,  canvas,  sacking,  and  linen  cloth  are  the  chief 
flaxen  goods  produced.  The  factories  for  machinery,  chemi- 
pal  works,  glass-houses,  potteries,  tanneries,  tobacco-fac- 
tories, oil-  and  secd-crushing-mills,  steam  flour-,  saw-,  and 
paper-mills,  and  soap-works,  are  extensive.  But  in  the 
last  few  years  the  working  of  iron  has  taken  such  a  stride 
iis  almost  to  vie  in  importance  with  the  woollen-manufac- 
ture; and  this  circumstance,  combined  with  the  fact  that  so 
Inany  and  such  varied  works  are  in  full  and  vigorous  oper- 
ation, has  secured  for  Leeds  a  healthy  and  prosperous 
Itrogress  among  the  recent  vicissitudes  and  depression  of 
lome  of  her  trades.  The  assizes  for  the  West  Riding  have 
ken  held  in  the  Leeds  town  hall  since  1864.  Leeds  returns 
Ihree  members  to  Parliament. 

l^  Leeds,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  4J  miles 
p.S.E.  of  Maidstone.  Leeds  Castle  is  a  fine  old  quad- 
rangular pile,  surrounded  by  a  moat.  Pop.  of  parish,  711. 
(  Leeds,  a  post-township  of  Androscoggin  co..  Me.,  about 
10  miles  W.  of  Augusta,  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  An- 
Iroscoggin  River.  Pop.  1288.  Leeds  Centre  Station  is  on 
(he  Androscoggin  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Leeds  Junction. 
1  Leeds,  a  post- village  of  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  in  North- 
f.mpton  township,  on  Mill  River,  and  on  the  New  Haven  <fc 
Northampton  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Northampton,  and 
|;  miles  S.  of  Haydenville.  It  has  a  money-order  post-ofiice, 
1.  silk-mill  (100  hands),  a  manufactory  of  buttons  (250 
i&nds),  and  the  works  of  the  emery-wheel  company.  Pop. 
(bout  1000, 
1  Leeds,  a  township  of  Murray  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  213. 


Leeds,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Catskill 
township,  on  Catskill  Creek,  4  miles  N.W.  of  the  village  of 
Catskill.  It  contains  2  churches  and  2  woollen-factories. 
Pop.  847. 

Leeds,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co..  Wis.,  in  Leeds 
township,  about  16  miles  N.  of  Madison.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1103. 

Leeds,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Ontario,  near  the 
commencement  of  the  St.  Lawrence  River,  which  forms  its 
S.  boundary.  Within  its  limits  are  several  small  lakes, 
which  form  the  sources  of  the  Cataraqui  and  Rideau  Rivers. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway ;  the 
Brockville  &  Ottawa  Railway  crosses  its  N.E.  extremity. 
Area,  900  square  miles.     Capital,  Brockville.    Pop.  35,302. 

Leeds,  a  post- village  in  Megantic  co.,  Quebec,  18  miles 
E.  of  Becancour  Station.  It  contains  iron-  and  copper- 
mines,  saw-  and  grist-mills,  and  5  stores.     Pop.  500. 

Leeds  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co..  Wis., 
in  Leeds  township,  about  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Portage  City. 
There  are  several  churches  near  it. 

Leeds  Junction,  a  post-hamlet  of  Androscoggin  co.. 
Me.,  on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses  tho 
Androscoggin  Railroad,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Lewiston. 

Leeds  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Atlantic  co.,  N.J.,  is 
near  the  sea,  9  miles  N.  of  Atlantic  City. 

Leeds'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stearns  co.,  Minn.,  albout 
30  miles  AV.  of  St.  Cloud.     It  has  a  church. 

Leeds'tOAVn,  a  post-office  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Va. 

Leeds  Village,  the  chief  town  of  the  county  of  Me- 
gantic, Quebec,  2  miles  S.  of  Leeds.  It  contains  the  county 
buildings. 

Leeds'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Atlantic  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  sea- 
shore, in  Egg  Harbor  township,  3  miles  from  Pleasantville 
Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Lecdsville,  a  hamlet  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  3J  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Red  Bank,  and  about  8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Long 
Branch.     It  has  a  chapel. 

Leedsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Amenia  township,  about  60  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Albany. 

Leedsville,  West  Virginia.    See  Leadsville. 

Leefdaal,  or  Leefdael,  laifd^l',  a  village  of  Bel- 
gium, in  Brabant,  13  miles  E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1880. 

Leefoga,  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Lefooga. 

Leegetan,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Ligitan. 

Lee  Hill,  New  Hampshire.    See  Lee. 

Leek,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Stafford,  on  the  Chur- 
net,  12  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Macclesfield.  The  town,  in 
a  vale  in  the  hilly  district  called  the  Moorlands,  has  a 
church,  a  pyramidal  cross,  supposed  to  be  Danish,  a  town 
hall,  workhouse,  and  extensive  manufactures  of  silks  and 
ribbons.  A  canal  connecting  it  with  the  Trent  and  Mer- 
sey, and  an  abundance  of  coal  in  tho  vicinity,  facilitate  its 
trade.     Pop.  11,331. 

Leek,  or  De  Leek,  di  laik,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, pi-ovince  and  9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Groningen.  Pop. 
of  commune,  4740. 

Leelanaw,  lee'la-naw,  a  northwestern  county  of  Micha 
igan,  has  an  area  of  about  350  square  miles.  It  is  a  penin- 
sula, bounded  on  the  E.  by  Grand  Traverse  Bay,  and  on 
the  N.W.  and  W.  by  Lake  Michigan.  The  surface  is  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  sugar-maple, 
beech,  and  hemlock  abound.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Manistee  &  Northeastern 
Railroad.  Wheat,  lumber,  potatoes,  and  grass  are  the 
staple  products.  Capital,  Leland.  Pop.  in  1870,  4576; 
in  1880,  6253;  in  1890,  7944. 

LeelanaAV,  a  township  of  Leelanaw  co.,  Mich.,  bounded 
W.  by  Lake  Michigan.     Pop.  1397.    It  contains  Northport. 

Lee'mon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cape  Girardeau  co.,  Mo.,  is 
6  miles  from  Neely's  Landing,  which  is  on  the  Mississippi 
River.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Lee^mont',  a  post- village  of  Accomack  co.,  Va.,  25  miles 
S.  of  Pocomoke  City.     It  has  two  churches. 

Leende,  lain'd^h,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
North  Brabant,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Eindhoven.     Pop.  1375. 

Leen'throp,a  township  of  Chippewa  eo.,  Minn.  P.  327. 

Lee'pertown,  a  township  of  Bureau  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Illinois  River.     Pop.  387. 

Leer,  lain,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  17  miles  S. 
of  Aurich,  on  the  Leda,  near  its  junction  with  the  Ems.  It 
has  manufactures  of  linens,  hosiery,  soap,  vinegar,  and  to- 
bacco; also  distilleries,  steam  mills,  a  fine  church,  good 
docks,  and  a  trade  by  sea.     Pop.  9335. 

Leerdam,  laiRMim',  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
South  Holland,  19  miles  E.N.E.  of  Dort.     Pop.  2995. 

Leersum,  laiR'siim,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  prov- 
ince and  15  miles  S.E.  of  Utrecht.     Pop.  1174. 


LEE 


k^ 


LEE 


Lee*8,  a  bamlet  in  Srnntor  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Alabama 
Oentral  Rnilrond,  11  milos  K.  of  York  SUtion. 

liCO's,  a  township  of  Columbus  co.,  N.O.     Pop.  631. 

Lee's,  ft  station  in  Cliostor  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the  Chester  Val- 
ley Itailroud,  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bridgeport. 

Lee's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barnwell  oo.,  S.C.,  on  the  rail- 
road, 4  miles  E.  of  Bluckville.     It  has  2  stores. 

Lees'bargr,  a  post-offlce  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ala. 

Leeabnrg,  a  post-village  of  Lake  co.,  Fla.,  near  Lakes 
Harris  and  Uriffln,  9  miles  W.  of  Tavares,  and  about  C5 
miles  S.  by  W.of  Palatka.  It  contains  3  churches.  Oranges, 
lemons,  bananas,  guavas,  Ac,  flourish  here.     Pop.  722. 

Leesburg,  a  post-village,  capitnl  of  Leo  co.,  Qa.,  on 
the  Southwc!-tem  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Albany.  It  has 
4  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  442. 

Leesbarg,  a  village  of  Lemhi  oo.,  Idaho,  about  12  miles 
N.K.  of  Salmon  City. 

Leesburg,  a  post-village  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Plain  township,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Wabash  &  Michigan 
Railroad,  2U  miles  S.  of  Ooshen.  It  has  2  churches,  I  grist- 
mill, and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  320. 

Leesburg,  a  post-office  of  Pratt  co.,  Kansas. 

Lccsburg,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  co.,  Ky.,  about 
20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lexington.  It  has  2  churchos  and  a 
high  school.     Pop,  about  150. 

Leesbnrg,  a  post-office  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Mich. 

Lcesburg,  Missouri.    Sec  Duncan's  Bridge. 

Lcesburg,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.J.,  on 
Maurice  River,  10  milos  S.  of  Miilville. 

Lecsbarg,  a  station  in  Pender  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  Wil- 
mington <k  Weldon  Railroad,  33  miles  N.  of  Wilmington. 

Leesburg,  or  Lees'ville,  a  village  of  Carroll  co.,  0., 
on  Conotten  Creek,  and  on  the  Ohio  <fc  Toledo  Railroad, 
about  28  miles  S.S.E.  of  Canton.  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  a 
foundry,  a  carriage-factory,  &o.  Pop.  in  1890,  373.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Leesville. 

JLecsburg,  a  post-villago  of  Highland  co.,  0.,  in  Fair- 
field township,  on  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  64 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati)  and  34  milos  W.  of  Chillicothe. 
It  has  a  union  school,  2  churches,  and  a  woollen-factory. 
Pop.  508. 

Leesburg,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  0.    Pop.  1410. 

Leesburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  on  Ne- 
s'liannock  Creek,  and  on  the  New  Castle  &  Franklin  Rail- 
road, 15  miles  N.N.E.  of  New  Castle.     It  has  2  churches. 

Lecsburg,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Tcnn., 
about  26  miles  S.W.  of  Bristol.     It  has  a  church. 

Lcesburg,  a  post- village  of  Camp  co.,  Texas,  about  42 
miles  N.W.  of  Longview.  It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  and 
a  steam  grist-mill. 

Lcesburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va., 
is  situated  3  miles  from  tho  Potomac  River,  and  on  the 
AVashington  &  Ohio  Railroad,  38  miles  N.W.  of  Alexandria, 
and  about  36  miles  W.N.W.  of  AVashington,  D.C.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house,  6  churches,  a  national  bank,  an  academy, 
3  newspaper  offices,  and  the  Leesburg  Female  Institute. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1650. 

Lee's  Corner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Midland  co.,  Mich., 
in  Ingersoll  township,  about  22  milos  W.  by  S.  of  Bay  City. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Lee's  Creek,  Arkansas,  runs  soutbwestward  and  south- 
eastward in  Crawford  co.,  and  enters  the  Arkansas  River  2 
or  3  miles  above  Van  Burcn. 

Lee's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Ark.,  in 
Lee's  Creek  township,  20  miles  N.  of  Van  Buren.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  654. 

Lee's  Creek,  Clinton  co.,  0.    See  Centreville. 

Lee's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  17  miles  S.W.  of  Carlisle. 

Lee's  Lick,  a  hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  Ky.,  10  miles 
from  Cynthiana.     It  has  5  houses. 

Lee's  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  N.C., 
about  60  miles  E.  of  Tarborough.  It  has  3  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  flour,  lumber,  and  cotton.  Pop.  of  Lee's 
Mills  township,  1522. 

Lees'port,  a  post-village  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Schuylkill  River,  and  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading  Rail- 
road, 8  miles  N.  of  Reading.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  flour,  leather,  lime,  Ac. 

Lee's  Siding,  a  station  in  Perry  co.,  0.,  on  the  New- 
ark, Somerset  &  Straitsville  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Junc- 
tion City. 

Lee's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Halifax  co.,  N.C. 

Lee's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  7 
miles  from  Bealeton  Stat'on.     It  has  a  mill  and  a  store. 

Lee's  Sum'mit,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co..  Mo., 
on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Kansas 


City,  and  12  miles  S.  of  Independence.     It  has  a  banking, 
office,  6  churches,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  about  900. 

Lees'ville,  a  post-hamlot  of  Colusa  oo.,  Cal.,  aboui'75 
milos  N.W.  of  Sacramento. 

Leesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Middlesex  00.,  Conn,,  on 
Salmon  River,  about  22  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hartford.  It  bos  a 
cotton-factory. 

Leesville,  a  post- village  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.,  5  railet 
N.  of  Fort  Ritnor  Station,  and  10  milos  S.E.  of  Dodford. 
It  has  3  churchos,  a  graded  school,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Leesville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Vernon  parish.  La. 
90  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Opelousas.     It  has  a  court-house. 

Leesville,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  4  milei' 
N.  of  Detroit.     It  has  a  brick-yard. 

Leesville,  a  post-village  of  Henry  00.,  Mo.,  on  Tebo 
Creek,  about  32  miles  S.S..W.  of  Scdalia.     It  has  a  church. 

Leesville,  a  hamlet  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  in  Jackson 
township,  7  miles  from  Imlaystown. 

Leesville,  a  hamlet  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y.,  aKnt  17 
miles  N.E.  of  Cooporstown.     It  has  2  churches. 

Leesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Robeson  co.,  N.C,  10  miles 
S.  of  Lumberton.     It  has  a  church. 

Leesville,  Carroll  co.,  0.     See  Leesburo. 

Leesville,  a  village  of  Crawford  co.,  0.,  on  tho  Pitts- 
burg, Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago  Railroad,  3  or  4  miles  W.  of 
Crestline.  It  has  2  churches.  Tho  name  of  its  post-office 
is  Leesville  Cross  Roads. 

Leesville,  a  post-village  of  Lexington  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
Charlotte,  Columbia  A  Augusta  Railroad,  31  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Columbia.     It  has  a  church  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Leesville,  a  station  in  Williamsburg  co.,  S.C.,  on  tho 
Northeastern  Railroad,  20  miles  S.  of  Florence. 

Leesville,  a  post-village  of  Gonzales  co.,  Tex.,  20  miloi 
S.  of  Kingsbury.  It  has  2  churches,  the  Leesville  Institute, 
and  a  manufactory  of  harness.     Pop.  about  300. 

Leesville,  a  post-village  of  Campbell  co.,  Va.,  on  tb< 
Staunton  River,  6  miles  AV.  of  Lynch's  Station,  and  30  mile* 
S.S.W.  of  Lynchburg.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  tannery^ 

Leesville  Cross  Roads,  Ohio.    See  Leesville. 

Leet,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.  Pop.  029.  It 
contains  Lcetsdale. 

Lectes  (leets)  Island,  a  post-hamlet  of  Now  Haven 
CO.,  Conn.,  on  Long  Island  Sound,  and  on  tho  Shore  Line 
Railroad,  13  milos  E.  of  New  Haven.  Here  are  granite- 
quarries. 

Lectonia,  le-to'n§-a,  a  post-village  of  Columbiana  co., 
0.,  in  Salem  township,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  A 
Chicago  Railroad,  20  miles  E.  of  Alliance.  It  is  also  on 
the  Niles  A  New  Lisbon  Branch  Railroad,  II  miles  N.  of 
New  Lisbon.  It  has  a  bank,  a  union  school,  a  rolling-mill, 
2  potteries,  a  foundry,  a  newspaper  office,  4  blast-furnaces 
for  pig-iron,  an  edge-tool-factory,  boiler-works,  and  6 
churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  2826. 

Lee'town,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  AV.  Va.,  about 
13  miles  AV.  of  Harper's  Ferry. 

Leets'dale,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  in  Loet 
township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort 
AVayne  A  Chicago  Railroad,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Pittsburg. 

Leets'ville,  a  post-office  of  Kalkaska  co.,  Mich.,  on  tiM 
G-rand  Rapids  A  Indiana  Railroad,  141  miles  N.  of  Grand 
Rapids. 

Leeuw,  a  village  of  Belgium.    See  Leau. 

Leeuwnrden,  lo'waR'd^n  or  l4'ii-<vaR'd§n  (Frisian, 
Liemoert,  lyo'^drt;  L.  Leovar'dia),  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  Friesland,  70  miles  N.E.  of  Amsterdam,  at  a  rail- 
way junction,  on  the  Ee,  10  miles  from  the  sea,  though  onee 
it  lay  on  the  shores  of  a  deep  bay.  The  town  is  well  built, 
adorned  with  numerous  elegant  edifices,  both  public  and 
private,  and  is  intersected  by  numerous  canals.  The  prin- 
cipal buildings  are  the  former  Court  of  the  Stadtholders, 
now  a  royal  palace,  the  government  house,  tho  old  Land- 
huis,  now  used  for  the  courts,  the  house  of  correction,  the 
civil  and  military  prison,  a  large,  handsome  town  house, 
the  weigh-house,  corn  exchange,  barracks,  and  the  churches. 
The  benevolent  institutions  include  hospitals,  poor-houaen, 
and  schools  for  tho  poor.  Of  other  schools  there  are  3  Lntin, 
a  town's  commei'cial,  and  numerous  elementary  and  inter- 
mediate, and  there  are  likewise  several  learned  societies, ns 
the  Society  of  Frisian  History,  Antiquities,  and  Languages, 
a  natural  history  society,  Ac,  and  a  museum  of  antiquity. 
Leeuwarden  carries  on  a  considerable  trade  in  the  produce 
of  the  province.  It  has  breweries,  distilleries,  potteries, 
tan-yards,  boat-building-yards,  rope-walks,  manufactures 
of  chiccory,  tobacco,  soap,  and  linen,  and  saw-,  oil-,  cement-, 
and  corn-mills.     Pop.  in  1886,  29,329;  in  1890,  30,590. 

Leeuwen,  lo'w?n  or  15'u-*?n,  a  village  of  the  Nethet 
lands,  in  Qelderland,  14  miles  AV.  of  Nymwcgen.  Pop.  1520. 


LEE 


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im 


Lceiiwin  (lA'u-win  or  lew'in)  Land  comprisea  most 
of  tho  colony  of  West  Australia  S.  of  Int.  30°  S. 
'     Lee  Vnl'ley,  a  post-oflRce  of  Hawkins  co.,  Tenn.,  in  a 
fertile  valley  of  the  same  name,  13  miles  W.  of  Rogersville. 

Lccville,  Madison  co.,  N.Y.    See  West  Eaton. 

JjCe'ville,  a  post-village  of  Wilson  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
jTennossee  &  Pacitic  Railroad,  24  miles  E.  of  Nashville.  It 
|has  2  churches  and  a  high  school. 

)  Lee'ward  Islands  (so  called  in  distinction  from  the 
IWi.VDWARD  Islands,  with  reference  to  the  trade-winds),  a 
jnameused  by  geographers  in  various  senses.  (1.)  A  part  of 
the  West  India  Islands,  including  Porto  Rico  and  all  those 
islands  which  lie  to  the  W  (or  leeward)  of  it.  (2.)  A  chain 
[of  islands  in  the  Caribbean  Sea,  extending  westward  from 
[Trinidad  and  Tobago  (not  including  them)  along  the  N. 
fcoast  of  South  America.  Margarita,  Buen  Ayre,  and 
|Curafoa  are  the  largest  of  this  chain.  They  are  usually 
(regarded  as  part  of  the  West  Indian  Archipelago.  (3.)  A 
(federal  colony  of  Great  Britain,  comprising  the  West  Indian 
(islands  of  Antigua,  St.  Christopher,  Nevis,  Dominica,  Mont- 
Iserrat,  and  the  Virgin  Islands,  with  several  minor  isles. 
The  principal  islands  have  each  a  separate  local  legislature, 
with  powers  subordinate  to  the  general  legislative  council 
and  to  a  governor  appointed  by  the  crown.  Area,  710 
square  miles.     Capital,  St.  John's,  in  Antigua.     P.  120,501. 

Le  Faou,  l§h  ik^oo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Finistere,  8 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Chateaulin.     Pop.  1150. 

Le  Faouet,  l?h  f4'oo-i',  a  village  of  France,  in  Mor- 
bihan,  on  the  E116,  24  miles  W.  of  Pontivy.     Pop.  1296. 

Le  Fayl-Billot,  l?h  fail  (or  f61)  bee'yo',  or  Le  Fays- 
Billot,  l$h  f4  bee^yo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Uaute-Marne, 
15  miles  S.B.  of  Langres.     Pop.  2179. 

Lefever,  or  Lefevre,  l^-fo'v'r,  a  hamlet  of  Bartholo- 
Biew  CO.,  Ind.,  6  miles  W.  of  Columbus.     It  has  a  church. 

Le  Fe'ver  Falls,  a  post-office  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y., 
near  Rosendale  Station  on  the  Wallkill  Valley  Railroad. 

Leffc,  lirfi,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  12  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Bergamo.     Pop.  1687. 

Leff'ler's,  a  station  in  Des  Moines  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Burlington  i!b  Missouri  River  Railroad,  3  miles  W.  of  Bur- 
lington. 

Le  Fidelaire,  l^b  fee'deh-lAR',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Eure,  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Evreux.     Pop.  1343. 

Lef  ke,  ISf'kSh,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor,  45  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Brusa,  neatly  built  of  sun-baked  brick. 

Lefke,  iSf'kee,  a  village  of  Ithaca,  Ionian  Islands,  li 
miles  N.W.  of  Vathi. 

j  Lefkosia,  16f-ko-zee'5.,  more  commonly  Nicosia, 
ne-ko-zee'i,  the  capital  city  of  the  island  of  Cyprus,  near 
its  centre.  Pop.  18,000,  about  two-thirds  Turks.  It  is  a 
I  Venetian  converted  into  a  Turkish  city,  having  bastioned 
I  walls,  mosques  which  have  all  been  churches,  one  a  line 
I  Gothic  edifice,  several  Greek  and  Roman  Catholic  churches 
(and  convents,  a  large  caravansary,  and  some  baths.  The 
}  houses  are  furnished  with  balconies  and  enclosed  by  gar- 
Idens,  Ac,  but  its  streets  are  narrow  and  dirty,  and  it  is 
'mostly  in  decay.  It  has  manufactures  of  carpets,  printed 
j  cottons,  and  red  leather,  and  some  trade  in  cotton  and  wine. 
It  has  a  Greek  archbishop  and  an  Armenian  bishop. 

Leflore,  or  Le  Flore,  1?  flor,  a  county  in  the  N.W. 
part  of  Mississippi.  Area,  660  square  miles.  The  Talla- 
I  natchee  and  Yalabusha  Rivers  unite  in  this  county  and  form 
( the  Yazoo  River,  traversing  the  S.  part.  The  soil  is  fertile, 
land  cotton  is  the  staple  product.  This  county  was  formed 
I  since  1 870,  of  parts  of  Carroll  and  Sun  Flower  cos.  Capital, 
Greenwood.     Pop.  in  1880,  10,246;  in  1890,  16,869. 

Leflore,  a  post-hamlet  of  the  Choctaw  Nation,  Indian 
Territory,  64  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Fort  Smith,  Ark. 

Leflore,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grenada  co.,  Miss.,  17  miles 
$.W.  of  Grenada. 

Le  Foeil,  l?h  ful,  a  village  of  France,  in  Cotea-du- 
Nord,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Saint-Brieuc.     Pop.  1832, 

Lefooga,  Lefouga,  Lefuga,  le-foo'g4,  written  also 
Lefouka,  le-foo'kd,  and  Leefo'ga,  one  of  the  Tonga 
Islands,  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean.  Lat.  10°  48'  12"  S. ; 
Ion.  174°  20'  W.     It  is  about  7  miles  long  and  3  miles  broad. 

Le^froy',  a  post-village  of  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
Northern  Railway,  62  miles  N.  of  Toronto.     Pop,  300. 

Left  Hand,  a  post-office  of  Roane  co,,  W.  Va. 

Leftro,  Greece.     See  Leuctra, 

Lefuga  Island,  Pacific  Ocean.    See  LEFOOfiA. 

Lcgunes,  li-gi'nfis,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  7 
BUles  S.W.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  2938. 

_  Leganiel,  14-gi-ne-6l',  a  village  of  Spain,  New  Castile, 
88  miles  from  Cuenca.     Pop.  1137, 

Legau,  li'gow,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Swabia,  13  miles 
H.W.  of  Kempten.    Pop.  1767. 


Legazpia,  li-gis'pe-il  or  li-gith'pe-fl,,  a  town  of  Spain, 
in  Biscay,  on  the  TJrola,  27  miles  S.AV.  of  St.  Sebastian. 

Legelshurst,  li'ghdls-hooust\  a  village  of  Baden,  cir- 
cle of  Middle  Rhine.     Pop.  1450. 

Le  Gcncst,  a  village  of  France.    See  Qexest. 

Le'gett',  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  S.C,     Pop.  1365. 

Leghorn,  Ifig'horn  or  l5g-horn'  (It.  Livorno,  le-vor'no; 
Fr.  Livourne,  lee'vooun' ;  Sp.  Liorna,  le-0R'n4;  anc.  Li- 
bur'num,  Lihnr'ni  For' tug,  and  Her'culis  Libro'nis  Por'tus), 
a  seaport  town  of  Italy,  capital  of  the  province  of  Leghorn, 
on  a  tongue  of  land  extending  into  the  Mediterranean, 
lat.  43°  32'  42"  N.,  Ion.  10°  27'  45"  E.,  60  miles  AV.S.W. 
of  Florence,  with  which,  and  with  Pisa,  Genoa,  and  Rome, 
it  is  connected  by  railway,  and  a  navigable  canal  extends 
to  the  Arno.  It  is  well  built,  with  spacious,  regular,  and 
well-paved  streets.  It  is  of  comparatively  recent  origin, 
and  hence  possesses  few  objects  of  interest  in  architecturn 
and  art.  The  most  remarkable  buildings  and  establishments 
are  the  Duomo;  a  new  cathedral,  the  church  of  the  Madonna, 
with  good  pictures  by  Roselli  and  Volterrano;  two  Greek 
churches ;  a  synagogue,  one  of  the  finest  in  the  world  ,•  a 
mosque;  a  ducal  palace;  a  marble  statue  of  Ferdinand  I.  by 
Pictra  Tacca;  the  lazarettos,  well -managed  institutions  and 
remarkable  structures,  that  of  San  Leopoldo  being  one  of 
the  most  magnificent  works  of  the  kind  in  Europe ;  the 
Torre  de  Marzocco,  built  of  red  marble ;  a  theatre,  a  public 
library,  and  an  aqueduct.  The  manufactures  consist  chiefly 
of  articles  in  coral,  of  which  there  is  a  valuable  fishery, 
woollen  and  silk  goods,  straw  bonnets,  glass,  paper,  soap, 
cordage,  starch,  leather,  &c. 

Leghorn  has  an  extensive  trade,  both  general  and  transit, 
furnishing  the  chief  source  of  its  prosperity.  The  harbor 
is  of  large  extent,  and  has  been  of  late  much  enlarged  and 
improved,  but  is  somewhat  difficult  of  entrance.  The  outer 
harbor  is  protected  by  a  fine  mole.  The  depth  of  ivater  at  its 
extremity,  however,  is  not  more  than  18  feet.  The  roadstead, 
lying  W.N. W.  of  the  harbor,  is  protected  by  a  long  sandbank, 
which  breaks  the  violence  of  the  waves,  and,  though  ex- 
posed at  times  to  a  heavy  swell,  has  good  anchorage.  Tho 
principal  exports  are  silk,  raw  and  manufactured,  straw, 
raw  and  plaited,  straw  bonnets,  borax  and  boracic  acid, 
fruit,  wine,  oil,  coral,  marble,  paper,  timber,  corn,  hemp, 
anchovies,  <tc. ;  the  principal  imports,  colonial  produce,  raw 
cotton,  cotton  twist,  cotton  and  woollen  goods,  dye-stufls, 
metals,  hardware,  petroleum,  earthenware,  salted  fish,  &c. 

Leghorn  is  the  see  of  a  bishop,  the  residence  of  a  civil 
and  a  military  governor,  has  a  chamber  of  commerce,  for- 
eign consulates,  sanitary  directory,  several  important  publio 
offices,  and  literary,  scientific,  artistic,  and  benevolent  in- 
stitutions. Though  originally  a  Roman  port,  it  has  not  n 
vestige  of  antiquity,  and  had  dwindled  down  into  a  fishing 
village,  when  its  great  capabilities  for  commerce  were 
discerned  by  the  Medici  family,  who  surrounded  it  with 
fortifications,  constructed  its  harbor,  and  bestowed  upon 
it  valuable  privileges,  of  which  not  the  least  important  was 
full  toleration  to  all  nations  and  creeds.     Pop.  97,096. 

Leghorn  (It,  Livorno),  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany, 
comprising  the  city  of  Leghorn  and  the  island  of  Elba, 
Area,  109  square  miles.     Pop.  118,851, 

Leg'horn,  a  post-office  of  Pottawatomie  co.,  Kansas. 

Legiep,  li-cheep',  or  Count  Heiden  (hi'd§n\  Is- 
lands, a  group  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  Marshall  Archipelago. 
Lat.  9°  51'  N. ;  Ion.  169°  13'  E. 

Legio,  supposed  Latin  name  of  Lejoon. 

Legio  Septima  Gemina,  the  ancient  name  of  Leon. 

Legnago,  Idn-yi'go,  a  town  of  Italy,  22  miles  S.E.  of 
Verona,  on  tho  Olona  and  Adige.  Pop.  13,355.  It  has  a 
royal  gymnasium,  a  theatre,  a  hospital,  large  fortifications, 
manufactures  of  leather  and  hats,  and  extensive  corn- 
markets. 

Legn^a,  Bobgo  di,  boR'go  dee  ISn-yi'i,  a  village  of 
Italy,  forming  a  suburb  of  Florence  on  the  W.    Pop.  11,250. 

Legnano,  15n-yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  16 
miles  by  rail  N,W.  of  Milan,  on  the  Olona,  hero  crossed  by 
two  stone  bridges  connecting  the  two  portions  of  the  town. 
Pop.  6685. 

Legni,  lin'yee,  or  Leyni,  li'nee',  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  and  9  miles  N.E.  of  Turin.     Pop.  3868. 

Le  Gosier,  or  Le  Gozier,  l§h  go^zeer'  or  l^h  go'ze-i', 
a  maritime  village  of  the  island  of  Guadeloupe,  5  miles 
S.E.  of  La  Pointc-a-Pitre.     Pop.  3670. 

Legrad,  14-grid',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Szalad, 
on  the  Drave,  10  miles  N.  of  Kopreinitz.     Pop.  2753. 

Le  Grand,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co,,  Iowa,  in  Le 
Grand  township,  on  the  Iowa  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  & 
Northwestern  Railroad,  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Marshalltown. 
It   has  an   academy,  a  Christian  institute,  a  quarry  of 


LEO 


1630 


LEI 


nmrble,  3  ohurohei,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  itcatn  saw-mill  fur 
aawiug  itone.     Pop.  of  the  township  io  18V0, 1744. 

Le  Grand,  a  post-office  of  Siiline  co.,  Neb. 

Le  C>rniiil«Serrc,lfh  gr6x»-»aiu',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Droino,  '2b  miles  N.K.  of  Valence.     Pop.  1649. 

Le  («uildu,  l^b  ghcelMo',  a  port  of  France,  on  the 
English  CbnnncI,  lU  miles  W.  of  Saint-Malo. 

£eh  or  L6«  1&,  or  Lei«  Ik'eo,  a  city  of  Asia,  capital  of 
Ladakh,  in  the  valley  of  the  Indus,  N.  of  the  Himalayas. 
Lat.  34°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  77°  45'  E.  It  is  enclosed  by  a  wall 
and  towers,  and  has  several  Booddhio  temples  and  the 
rnjah's  palace,  an  active  trade  in  shawl-wool,  and  a  mint. 
Pop.  variously  estimated  at  from  4000  to  12,000. 

Le  Have,  Nova  Scotia.     See  Have  and  La  Have. 

Le-]Iavre>de«GrAcef  or  Le  Havre.    See  Havre. 

LchC)  l&'h&,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  on  the 
Wosor  and  Gocste,  near  liremerhaven.    Pop.  7807. 

Lchesten^  l^'ds-t^n,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Saxe- 
Mciningcn,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Grafenthal.     Pop.  1706. 

Le'hi  City,  a  post-village  of  Utah  oo.,  Utah,  on  the 
N.  shore  of  Utah  Lake,  and  on  the  Utah  Southern  Kailroad, 
at  the  junction  of  the  American  Fork  Kailroad,  31  miles 
S.  of  Salt  Lake  City.     Pop.  about  1500. 

Lehigh,  lee'hi,  a  riverof  Pennsylvania,  rises  near  the  S. 
extremity  of  Wayne  co.,  and  runs  southwestward  to  White- 
haven, forming  the  boundary  between  the  cos.  of  Lacka- 
Tranna  and  Luzerne  on  the  right  and  Monroe  and  Carbon 
on  the  left.  It  flows  nearly  southeastward  from  Muuch 
Chunk  to  Allentown,  and  thence  northeastward  to  Easton, 
where  it  enters  the  Delaware.  Length,  about  120  miles. 
About  10  miles  below  Mauch  Chunk  it  passes  through  a 
gorge,  or  gap,  in  the  Kittatinny  Mountain.  Rich  mines  of 
anthracite  are  worked  near  this  river,  which  traverses  a 
hilly  and  picturesque  region.  Railroads  run  along  its  banks 
from  Easton  to  Whitehaven  (71  miles),  and  introduce  the 
tourist  to  a  long  succession  of  beautiful  prospects. 

Lehigh,  an  eastern  county  of  Pennsylvania,  has  an 
area  of  about  350  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E. 
by  the  Lehigh  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Jordan 
and  Saucon  Creeks.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly  and  undu- 
lating, and  is  remarkable  for  picturesque  scenery.  The 
Kittatinny  or  Blue  Mountain  extends  along  the  N.  W.  border 
of  this  county,  which  comprises  a  pnrt  of  the  beautiful  and 
fertile  Kittatinny  Valley.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay, 
butter,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Iron  is  the  chief 
article  of  export,  its  numerous  and  extensive  iron-works 
being  reputed  to  produce  a  greater  nnnual  value  of  pig 
iron  than  those  of  any  other  county  in  the  United  States. 
Silurian  limestone  and  slate  are  abundant  in  this  county. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  the  Central 
Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  and  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading 
Railroad,  the  hitter  of  which  connects  it  with  Philadelphia. 
Capital,  Allentown.  Pop.  in  1870,  56,796  ;  in  1880,  65,969; 
in  1890,  76,631. 

Lehigh,  a  post- village  of  Webster  co.,  Iowa,  in  Sumner 
and  Webster  townships,  on  the  Des  Moines  River,  about  16 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Fort  Dodge.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a 
flour-mill,  a  lumber-mill,  a  bank,  and  a  coal-mine.  Pop.  in 
1890,  870. 

Lehigh,  a  station  in  Lackawanna  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Dela- 
ware, Lackawanna  &  AVestem  Railroad,  34  miles  N.W.  of 
Stroudsburg. 

Lehigh,  a  township  of  Northampton  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  3496. 
It  contains  Lookport,  Walnut  Port,  <fec. 

Lehigh  Gap,  a  post-village  of  Carbon  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Lehigh  River  where  it  passes  through  the  Kittatinny 
Mountain,  and  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  and  Lehigh  &  Sus- 
quehanna Railroads,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Mauch  Chunk.  The 
scenery  of  this  place  is  picturesque.  It  has  2  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  bricks,  flour,  leather,  and  paint. 

Lehigh  Tan'nery,  a  post-ofiice  of  Carbon  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Lehigh  River,  and  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  at 
Tannery  Station,  about  22  miles  N.  of  Mauch  Chunk. 

Lehighton,  lee'hi-t9n,  a  post-borough  of  Carbon  co.. 
Pa.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Lehigh  River,  and  on  the  Lehigh 
Valley  and  Lehigh  <fe  Susquehanna  Railroads,  4  miles  S.E. 
of  Mauch  Chunk,  and  25  miles  above  Allentown.  It  is 
partly  supported  by  operations  in  coal.  It  has  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  oflSce,  6  churches,  and  a  foundry.     Pop.  1937. 

Lehman,  lee'man,  a  post-township  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa. 
It  contains  2  churches,  and  a  hamlet  named  Lehman, 
which  is  10  or  11  miles  N.W.  of  Wilkesbarre.     Pop.  799. 

Lehman,  a  township  of  Pike  co..  Pa.     Pop.  832. 

Lehmaster's,  lee-mas't^rz,  a  post-village  of  Franklin 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Peters  township,  on  the  Southern  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Mercersburg.  It  has  2  stores  and 
a  large  warehouse. 


Lehmcn,  a  village  of  Hungary.    See  Lemhent. 

Lchniu,  l^-neen',  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg, 
government  and  14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Potsdam.     Pop.  21!Mi. 

Lehota,  l4M)o't6h\  the  name  of  several  small  villagei 
of  Hungary,  viz..  Also  Lehota,  ftPsho'  li'ho'toh^  (i.e., 
"  Lower  Lehota"),  co.  of  Sohl,  10  miles  from  Neusubl.  Pop, 
840.  Fekete  Lehota,  fd'ki'td^  li'ho't5h\  22  miles  froin 
Rosenau.  Pop.  940.  Jano  Lehota,  yi'no*  li'ho'tOh',  30 
miles  from  Schemnitz.  Pop.  9C0.  Kiraly  Lehota,  ke^ril' 
lA'ho'toh*,  CO.  of  Liptau,  near  the  AVaag.     Pop.  990. 

Le  Iloulmc,  l^h  hoolm,  a  village  of  Franoc,  in  Seine- 
Inffirieuro,  5  miles  N.N.W.  of  Rouen.     Pop.  2053.  ' 

Lehrberg,  lain'bdRO,  or  Lerchenberg,  lin'Kfn* 
b{Ra\  a  town  of  Bavaria,  Middle  Franconia,  on  the  Heiat, 
25  miles  W.S.W.  of  Nuremberg,     Pop.  1155. 

Lehrce,  or  Lehri,  14'rce,  the  chief  town  of  Cutob 
Gundava,  Beloochistan,  35  miles  N.E.  of  B'hag.  Pop.  estt* 
mated  at  6U00.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  a  welU 
supplied  bazaar. 

Lehua,  ld-hoo'&,  or  Oreehina  (o-rce-hce'nJL)  Inland, 
one  of  the  smaller  Sandwich  Islands,  ofi'  the  N.  end  of 
Nihau. 

Lei,  a  city  of  Central  Asia.     See  Leh. 

Leia,  Wyh  or  l:l'e-y&,  a  town  of  India,  district  and  67 
miles  S.  of  Dera  Ismaeol  Khan.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  lariie 
trade.     Pop.  17,033, 

Leibitz,  li'bits  (Ilun.  Lajhicz,  li'bits^;  Slav.  Zi'ii'e- 
ziiim,  le-bit'se-oom),  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Zips,  on  a 
small  river,  near  Kesmark.  Pop.  2507.  It  has  sulphur 
baths,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths. 

Leibnitz,  lib'nits,  or  Lindenstadt,  lin'd^n-st&tt^t 
town  of  Styria,  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Grdtz.     Pop.  2040. 

Leicester,  lAs't^r,  or  Leicestershire,  Ids't^r-shir, 
a  county  of  England,  nearly  in  its  centre,  having  N.  th« 
COS.  of  Derby  and  Notts,  E.  Lincoln  and  Rutland,  S 
Northampton  and  Warwick,  and  W.  Warwick  and  Dorbji 
Area,  803  square  miles,  nearly  all  arable.  Surface  undu- 
lating. Chief  rivers,  the  Trent  (on  the  N.  border)  and  Soar. 
The  breed  of  long-woolled  sheep  is  much  celebrated.  ConI 
and  some  iron  and  lead  are  wrought.  The  county  is  the 
principal  seat  of  the  woollen  hosiery  manufacture.  Leices- 
tershire is  connected  by  railways  and  canals  with  all  part* 
of  the  kingdom.  Chief  towns,  Leicester,  Loughborough, 
Hinckley,  Melton-Mowbray,  and  Ashby-de-la-Zouoh.  It 
sends  six  members  to  the  Ilouse  of  Commons,  four  being 
for  the  county.    Pop.  321,430. 

Leicester,  a  borough  of  England,  capital  of  a  county, 
on  the  Soar,  at  a  railway  junction,  20  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Rugby,  and  26i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Derby.  It  is  pleasantly 
situated  near  the  centre  of  the  county,  and  is  generally  well 
built  and  clean.  It  has  many  churches,  a  news-room,  con- 
cert-hall, mechanics'  institute,  museum,  assembly-rooms, 
theatre,  exchange,  infirmary,  lunatic  asylum,  jail,  guild 
hall,  several  hospitals  and  other  charities,  bridewell,  some 
remains  of  a  castle,  the  great  hall  of  which  is  the  county 
court-house,  union  workhouse,  and  a  handsome  railway 
station.  Some  traces  of  the  ancient  walls  exist,  and  sev- 
eral fine  Roman  pavements  have  been  discovered.  Leices- 
ter is  the  principal  seat  in  England  for  manufactures  of 
woollen  and  other  hosiery.  Lace,  cords,  elastic  webs,  boots, 
shoes,  machinery,  farm-implements,  leather,  beer,  malt, 
castings,  and  bricks  are  extensively  manufactured.  The 
trade  is  greatly  facilitated  by  a  canal  communicating  with 
various  lines  of  navigation.  Leicester  is  a  place  of  consid- 
erable antiquity,  and  was  known  to  the  Romans  under  the 
name  of  Jia'tm.  Under  the  Heptarchy  it  formed  part  of 
the  kingdom  of  Mercia,  and  in  874  was  seized  by  the 
Danes,  who  made  it  one  of  their  five  chief  cities.  It  wm 
afterwards  surrounded  by  walls  and  defended  by  a  strong 
castle,  both  of  which  were  demolished  in  the  reign  of 
Henry  II.  It  suffered  severely  during  the  wars  of  Lancsm 
ter  and  York,  and  also  during  the  Parliamentary  war, 
having,  in  the  latter,  been  first  taken  by  storm  by  th« 
Royalists  and  then  retaken  by  the  Republicans.  In  tltS 
vicinity  are  remains  of  an  abbey  founded  in  1143.  P<^« 
in  1891,  142,051. 

Leicester,  les't?r,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co., 
Mass.,  in  Leicester  township,  6  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Worcester. 
It  contains  2  or  3  churches,  the  Leicester  Academy,  a  y)ub- 
lic  library,  a  town  hall,  a  national  bank,  and  a  savings- 
bank.  The  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad  touches  the  S.  part 
of  the  township,  which  is  drained  by  the  sources  of  the 
Quinebaug  River,  and  has  manufactures  of  cards,  ma- 
chinery, and  woollen  goods.  It  contains  villages  named 
Cherry  Valley  and  Rochdale.     Pop.  of  township,  3120. 

Leicester,  a  township  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y.  Fop. 
1662.     It  contains  Moscow. 


LEI 


1631 


LEI 


Leicester,  post-township,  Buncombe  oo.,  N.C.   P.  2180. 

Leicester,  a  post-township  of  Addison  co.,  Vt.,  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  Otter  Creek.  It  contains  2  churches 
anda  village  named  Leicester  Junction.  Pop.  630.  Leices- 
ter Post-OBice  is  about  12  miles  S.  of  Middlebury. 

Leicester  Junction,  a  post-village  of  Addison  co., 
Vt.,  in  Leicester  township,  on  the  Onion  River,  and  on  the 
Central  Vermont  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Addison 
Railroad,  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Rutland. 

Leicestershire,  England.    See  Leicester. 

Leichlingen,  liK'ling-^n,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
13  miles  S.E.  of  Dusseldorf,  on  the  Wippcr.  Pop.  5337. 
It  has  manufactures  of  broadcloth,  cassimere,  cotton,  and 
linen  goods. 

Leiden,  a  village  of  Hungary.    See  Lebenv. 

Leiden,  a  city  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Leyden. 

Leidig's,  li'digs,  a  station  in  Cumberland  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Ilarrisburg  <fc  Potomac  Railroad,  16  miles  "W.S.W.  of 
Uarrisburg. 

Leidy,  li'd?,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co..  Pa.,  in  Leidy 
township,  on  Kettle  Creek,  about  32  miles  N.W.  of  Lock 
Haven.     Pop.  of  the  township,  515. 

Leigh,  lee,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  at  a 
railway  junction,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Bolton.  It  has  a  gram- 
mar-school and  other  charities,  with  extensive  manufactures 
of  cambrics,  muslins,  and  fustians.  Coal  is  abundant,  and 
ift  canal  communicates  with  the  Leeds  &  Liverpool  Canal. 
Pop.  of  parish,  28,702. 

Leigh,  lee,  a  post-office  of  Colfax  co..  Neb. 

Leighlin,  or  Old  Leighlin,  lee'lin,  a  decayed  vil- 
lage and  episcopal  see  of  Ireland,  Leinster,  co.  of  Carlow, 
2i  miles  W.  of  Leighlin  Bridge.  It  has  a  venerable  ca- 
thedral, built  about  1185.  The  diocese,  founded  in  632,  is 
jiow  united  to  Ossory. 

Leighlin  Bridge,  a  town  of  Ireland,  oo.  and  7i  miles 
S.AV.  of  Carlow,  on  the  Barrow,  here  crossed  by  a  bridge  of 
10  arches.     Pop.  1066. 

Leighton,  lee'tpn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Colbert  co.,  Ala., 
4)n  the  Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad,  56  miles  W.  of 
Huntsville.     It  has  a  church. 

■  Leighton,  a  post-village  of  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Black  Oak  township,  on  the  Keokuk  &  Des  Moines  Rail- 
road, 7  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Oskaloosa.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  drug-store. 

Leighton,  a  township  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  1233. 
■_,■•  Leighton-Buz'zard,  a  town  of  England,  in  Bedford- 
jhire,  near  the  Ousc,  on  the  Grand  Junction  Canal  and  the 
London  <fe  Birmingham  Railway,  38  miles  N.W.  of  London. 
It  has  a  venerable  church,  a  beautiful  pentagonal  cross, 
said  to  have  been  erected  early  in  the  fourteenth  century, 
Jlimshouscs,  a  workhouse,  and  market-house.  Pop.  4696. 
.Leighton  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  N.H. 
-  Leiian  or  Leian,  UMd.n',  a  village  of  Persia,  in  Azer- 
baijan, 25  miles  S.E.  of  Lake  Ooroomeeyah,  with  exten- 
sive ruins. 

Leimbach,  lim'biic,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  29 
miles  N.W.  of  Merseburg,  on  the  Wipper.     Pop.  1412. 

Leimen,  li'm^n,  a  town  of  Baden,  4  miles  S.  of  Heidel- 
berg.   Pop.  1697. 

Leimersheim,  li'm?rs-hime',  a  town  of  Rhenish  Ba- 
varia, on  the  Rhine,  7  miles  S.  of  Germersheim.  Pop.  1333. 

Leinach,  li'niK,  Oder,  o'b?r,  and  Unter,  oon't^r, 
two  nearly  contiguous  villages  of  Bavaria,  in  Lower  Fran- 
conia,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Wurzburg.     United  pop.  2038. 

Leinbach's,  lln'baKs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co..  Pa., 
7  miles  N.W.  of  Reading. 

Leine,  li'n§h,  a  river  of  Northwest  Germany,  rises 
^n  the  Harz,  and,  after  ft  N.  course  of  130  miles  through 
Prussia,  Brunswick,  and  Hanover,  joins  the  Aller. 
,  Leiningen,  li'ning-§n,  a  principality  of  Germany, 
.which  was  situated  between  the  Lower  Palatinate  and  the 
bishoprics  of  Speyer  and  Worms.  Area,  140  square  miles. 
It  is  now  shared  between  Baden  and  Rhenish  Bavaria. 

Leiningen,  li'ning-gn,  Alt,  ilt,  and  Neu,  noi,  two 
nearly  contiguous  villages  of  Bavaria,  Palatinate,  district 
of  Griinstadt.  Pop.  of  Alt  Leiningen,  877;  of  Neu  Lei- 
ningen, 684. 

Leinster,  lin'st^r  or  leen'st^r,  one  of  the  four  provinces 
of  Ireland,  on  its  E.  side,  comprising  the  counties  of  Dublin, 
Kildarc,  Carlow,  Kilkenny,  King's,  Queen's,  Longford, 
Louth,  Mcath,  Westmeath,  Wicklow,  and  Wexford.  Area, 
7611  square  miles.  Pop.  1,195,718.  The  S.  part  only  of 
this  province  formed  the  ancient  Irish  kingdom  of  the 
iame  name,  and  the  N.  part  formed  the  kingdom  of  Meath. 

Leinster,  Mount,  a  mountain  of  Ireland,  between 
the  counties  of  Carlow  and  Wexford,  5i  miles  S.W.  of  New- 
tonbarry.    Elevatiin,  2610  feet. 


Leipa,  Leippa,  or  Bohmisch  Leipa,  bo'mish 
li'pi,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  at  a  railway  junction,  41  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  Prague.  It  has  a  gymnasium  and  manufactures 
of  cloth,  linens,  cottons,  steel  goods,  and  vinegar.  Pop.  9244. 

Leiper's  (lce'p?rz)  Fork,  a  post-hamlet  of  William- 
son CO.,  Tenn.,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Franklin.     It  has  a  church. 

Leiperville,  lee'p^r-vil,  a  village  of  Delaware  co.,  Pa., 
on  Ridley  Creek,  12  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Philadelphia,  and 
2  miles  N.E.  of  Chester.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  stone- 
quarry. 

Leipheim,  lip'hime,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Danube, 
11  miles  E.  of  Ulm.     Pop.  1676. 

Leipnik,  ITp'nik,  or  Lipnik,  lip'nik,  a  town  of  Mo- 
ravia, 62  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Briinn.  Pop.  3894.  It  has 
a  Piarist  college  and  cloth-factories. 

Leippa,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Leipa. 

Leipsic,  lip'sik  (L.  and  It.  Lip'eta  ;  Ger.  Leipzig,  llp'- 
tsio;  Fr.  Leipsick,  16p^seek'),  a  city  of  Saxony,  and  one  of 
the  chief  seats  of  commerce  in  Germany,  at  the  junction  of 
numerous  railways,  64  miles  E.N.E.  of  Dresden.  Lat.  61° 
20'  19"  N.;  Ion.  12°  22'  15"  E.  It  is  situated  in  an  ex- 
tensive plain  on  the  Elster,  here  joined  by  the  Pleisse  and 
Parde,  and  consists  of  an  old  central  town,  formerly  sur- 
rounded by  fortifications,  which  have  been  converted  into 
beautiful  walks  and  shrubberies,  called  the  Promenade,  and 
extensive  and  rapidly  increasing  suburbs.  In  the  central 
town  the  houses  are  mostly  lofty,  some  of  them  quaint- 
looking  ;  the  streets  are  narrow,  but  generally  straight  and 
clean  and  well  lighted ;  the  principal  ones  open  into  the 
market-place  or  square,  the  town  hall  (Rathhaus),  built  in 
1556,  being  on  the  one  side,  and  the  others  being  partly 
occupied  by  buildings  in  the  Renaissance  style.  The  other 
principal  buildings  within  the  old  boundaries  are  the 
churches  of  St.  Nicholas,  St.  Thomas,  St.  Paul,  and  St. 
Peter;  the  Augusteum,  an  elegant  modern  edifice,  contain- 
ing the  university,  founded  in  1409,  with  a  library  of 
350,000  volumes,  158  professors,  besides  private  teachers 
and  language-masters,  and  attended  by  above  3000  stu- 
dents; the  booksellers'  exchange,  used,  during  the  fairs, 
for  the  arrangement  of  accounts  between  the  country  houses 
and  their  agents  and  correspondents  in  Leipsic,  and  at 
other  times  for  exhibitions  of  paintings;  the  cloth  hall; 
the  town  school,  with  a  collection  of  antiquities ;  the  thea- 
tres, and  the  Pleissenburg  or  castle,  now  partly  used  as 
barracks,  and  containing  the  observatory ;  it  formed  part 
of  the  old  fortifications.  Not  far  from  the  Pleissenburg, 
opposite  the  Petersthor,  the  only  remaining  one  of  the  old 
gates,  and  in  the  centre  of  the  Konigsplatz,  is  a  colossal 
statue  of  King  Frederick  August,  who  died  in  1827.  Thu 
suburbs  are  composed  of  lofty,  elegant  buildings,  laid  off  in 
regular  streets,  interspersed  with  gardens,  possessing,  like 
the  central  town,  an  air  of  substantiality  and  comfort. 
They  contain  the  elegant  post-office  buildings,  the  church 
of  St.  John,  and  the  Roman  Catholic  church  in  modern 
Gothic,  in  some  respects  the  finest  building  in  the  city  ;  the 
Rosenthal,  a  favorite  evening  resort,  composed  of  pleasant 
wooded  walks;  and  numerous  gardens  and  such-like  places 
of  recreation.  Besides  the  university  library,  Leipsic  pos- 
sesses a  town  library  of  100,000  volumes,  containing  some 
valuable  MSS.  Schools  of  various  kinds  are  numerous  and 
good,  including  gymnasia,  an  academy  of  designing,  paint- 
ing, architecture,  &e.,  a  music  school  and  a  commercial 
school,  a  realschule,  charity  schools,  <fec.  There  are  8 
learned  societies,  a  botanic  garden,  several  hospitals,  in- 
cluding one  for  deaf-mutes,  and  numerous  baths.  Leipsio 
possesses  considerable  manufactures  of  cotton  stockings, 
leather,  hats,  silken  and  half-silken  goods,  soap,  sealing  • 
wax,  typo,  tobacco,  and  numerous  minor  articles ;  it  has 
likewise  an  extensive  wool-spinning  establishment;  but 
its  greatest  manufacture  is  that  of  books.  Though  impor- 
tant for  its  manufactures,  Leipsic  is  still  more  important 
for  its  commerce,  carried  on  especially  through  its  noted 
fairs.  To  these  fairs  are  congregated  people  from  all  quar- 
ters of  Europe,  from  Asia,  and  from  America,  in  number 
often  equalling  tbat  of  the  entire  population  of  the  town. 
Every  house  and  yard  is  converted  into  a  place  of  business; 
and  the  central  market-place,  the  main  streets,  and  a  large 
portion  of  the  promenade,  are  covered  with  booths  of 
dealers  in  porcelain,  Bohemian  glass,  lace,  linens,  domestio 
and  heavy  cloths  of  all  kinds,  tobacco,  pipes,  leather,  shoes, 
jewelry,  hardware,  furs,  and  other  articles ;  but  the  more 
important  portion  of  the  business  is  transacted  in  the  prem- 
ises of  the  many  agents  of  manufacturing  houses,  both  Ger- 
man and  foreign,  who,  either  permanently  or  temporarily, 
are  located  here.  Leipsic  is  the  capital  of  one  of  the  four 
circles  of  Saxony,  and  the  seat  of  several  courts  of  justice^ 
It  is  of  Wendish  origin ;  was  destroyed  bj  the  Bohemiao 


LBr 


KM 


USL 


dak*  WrstUIav  In  1082;  and,  after  boing  walled,  it  wiu 
ftgnin  destroyed  by  Otto  IV.  in  1212;  and  400  houses  were 
burned  in  1420.  In  1080-81  the  plague  carried  off  3000 
people.  After  this  it*  oumraerce  incrensod,  its  fairs  booaiue 
more  iin))ortant,  and  the  scut  of  the  book-trade  was  trans- 
ferred to  it  from  Frankfort-on-tbo-Main.  It  suffered  much 
fVom  the  Soren  Years'  War,  but  soon  reoovorod.  October 
lft-19,  1813,  the  groat  battle  was  fought  around  and  in 
Letpsio  by  which  Germany  was  ft-oed  ft-om  the  French 
yoke,  and  Napoleon  received  his  first  decisive  defeat  at  the 
handsof  the  Allies.  Pop.  in  1801,  7H,4»d;  in  1880, 140,081; 
in  1890,  203,625,  or  with  suburbs,  353,272. 

I<oip8iCf  or  heipiigf  a  circle,  forming  the  N.W.  part 
of  the  kingdom  of  Saxony,  being  one  of  the  four  groat  di- 
visions of  the  country.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Prus- 
cin,  W.  by  Prussia  and  Saxe-Altonburg,  S.  by  the  circle  of 
Zwickau,  and  E.  by  the  circle  of  Dresden.  Area,  1378 
uquare  miles.  It  belongs  to  the  basin  of  the  Elbe,  and  lies 
lower  and  is  likewise  more  level  and  fertile  than  any  other 
part  of  Saxony.     Pop.  639,975. 

LiCipsic,  llp'slk,  a  post-village  of  Kent  oo.,  Del.,  7 
miles  N.  of  Dover,  and  about  38  miles  S.  of  Wilmington. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  600. 

Leipsic,  Orange  co.,  Ind.    See  Lancaster. 

Leipsic,  a  post-villago  of  Putnam  co.,  0.,  on  the  Day- 
ton A  Michigan  Railroivd,  27  miles  N.  of  Lima,  at  Roanoke 
Station.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  grist-mill, 
a  saw-mill,  a  stave-factory,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1353. 

Leiria,  or  Leyria,  ld-ree'4,  a  city  of  Portugal,  in 
Estromadura,  on  the  Liz,  75  miles  N.E.  of  Lisbon.  It  is  a 
bishop's  see,  and  has  a  cathedral,  2  colleges,  and  a  hospital. 
Pop.  2627. 

Leisnig,  lls'nio,  a  town  of  Saxony,  25  miles  S.E.  of 
Leipsic,  on  the  Mulde.  Pop.  6751.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls, 
and  has  a  fine  castle  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river,  a 
gymnasium,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths,  linen,  and 
tobacco-pipes. 

Leissnits,  Hs'nits,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  near 
Leobschlitz,  on  the  Stroduna.     Pop.  1880. 

Ijeistville,  leest'vll,  a  post-office  of  Pickaway  co.,  0. 

Leitchfield,  litch'fecld,  or  Litch'field,  a  post-vil- 
lage, capital  of  Grayson  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Louisville,  Paducah 
A  Southwestern  Railroad,  71  miles  S.S.W.  of  Louisville,  and 
about  38  miles  N.  of  Bowling  Green.  It  has  4  churches  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  421. 

LiCitchfield,  lectch'feeld,  a  hamlet  in  Annapolis  co., 
Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  6  miles  from  Annapolis. 
Pop.  150. 

Leitchville,  Icetch'vll,  a  post-hamlct  of  Whitman  co., 
Washington,  80  miles  N.E.  of  Walla  Walla,  and  3  miles  N. 
of  Snake  River.     It  has  a  church. 

liCitcnsdorf,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Letjtexsdotif. 

Leitersburg,  li't?rz-burg,  a  post-village  of  Washing- 
ton CO.,  Md.,  on  Antietam  Creek,  about  6  miles  N.E.  of 
Hagcrstown.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  about  300.  Leiters- 
burg  Station  is  on  the  Western  Maryland  Railroad,  86 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Baltimore. 

teiter's  (li't^rz)  Ford,  a  post-office  of  Fulton  co.,  Ind. 

Leith,  leeth,  a  seaport  town  and  burgh  of  Scotland,  2 
miles  N.N.E.  of  the  cross  of  Edinburgh,  of  which  city  it  is 
the  port  and  a  suburb,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  Firth  of  Forth, 
and  on  both  sides  of  the  Water  of  Leith,  near  its  confluence 
with  the  sea.  Lat.  55°  58'  64"  N. ;  Ion.  3°  10'  30"  W.  It 
is  the  terminus  of  several  branch  railways.  The  site  of  the 
town  is  nearly  a  perfect  level.  Communication  across  the 
Water  of  Leith  is  effected  by  means  of  3  bridges.  The 
streets  and  lanes  in  the  more  ancient  parts  are  narrow 
and  tortuous,  and. the  houses  old  and  dilapidated;  but  the 
I  more  modern  quarters  are  spacious,  airy,  and  well  built. 
Here,  also,  handsome  bouses  line  two  sides  of  what  is  called 
the  "  links"  or  downs,  a  fine  large  open  space  on  the  S.E. 
side  of  the  town.  The  principal  public  buildings  are  the 
custom-house,  a  Grecian  structure,  with  pediment  and  col- 
umns, exchange  buildings,  court-house,  Leith  Bank,  arid 
the  Trinity  House.  An  elegant  bathing  establishment  at 
Seafield,  within  about  half  a  mile  of  the  centre  of  the  town, 
may  also  be  included.  The  parish  churches  of  North  and 
South  Leith  are  also  both  respectable  edifices,  the  former 
modern,  with  a  spire  158  feet  high,  the  latter  an  old  Gothic 
structure,  with  a  turret  and  spire.  The  town  has  numerous 
churches,  schools,  and  charitable  institutions.  The  chief 
manufactures  are  ropes,  cordage,  sail-cloth,  bottles,  soap, 
candles,  paints,  chemicals,  flour,  glassware,  fertilizers,  ma- 
chinery, castings,  and  colors.  There  are  1  or  2  breweries, 
a  distillery,  several  ship-building  yards,  a  sugar-refinery,  a 
large  establishment  for  preserving  meat,  extensive  saw- 
mills, cooperages,  and  iron-foundries.    The  foreign  trade 


of  the  port  ii  chiefly  with  the  N.  countries  of  Europe,  kar- 1 
ticularly  those  on   the   Baltic:   there  is  also   some  (»lo. 
nial  and  an   important  coasting-trade  and  fishery,    fhi 
nrinoipal  imports  are  groin,  wine,  tobacco,  timber,  henia^ 
hides,  and  tallow.     The  harbor  has  been  greatly  iinprova£ 
A  west  pier  or  breakwater  advances  towards  the  ca«t  pir 
making  the  entrance  but  260  feet  in  width.     By  thi8  brt  > 
water  the  harbor  is  sheltered  from  N.  winds,  and,  in  cnn.-i 
Qucnce  of  the  improvements,  it  has  gained  oonsidernbly  ia 
depth.     There  are  wet-docks,  graving-docks  with  a  bMin 
dry-docks,  barracks,  and  a  battery.     Pop.  in  1891,  67,660.' 

jLeith,  leeth,  a  post-village  and  lake  port  in  Grey  oo. 
Ontario,  on  Georgian  Bay,  7^  miles  N.K  of  Owen  Sound' 
Pop.  100. 

Lcitha,  or  Leyta,  Austria.    See  Lbytha. 

Leith  Corners,  Grey  oo.,  Ontario.    See  SpEEniE. 

Leith  (leeth)  Hill,  an  elevated  tract  of  England,  co, 
of  Surrey,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Dorking.  On  it  is  a  tower  Wt 
feet  above  the  sea. 

Leitineritz,  lite'mer-its\  or  Leiitmcritz,  loit'mcr- 
it8\  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  the  Elbe,  34  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Prague.  Pop.  10,023.  It  has  a  cathe<lral,  several  convents,  - 
a  divinity  scnool,  a  gymnasium,  and  an  active  trade  in  ocrn, 
fish,  and  wine.  It  is  a  bishop's  see.  Glassware,  hats,  and 
leather  are  here  manufactured. 

LeitomischI,  li'to-mishT,  or  Lentomlschl,  lol'. 
to-mish'P,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Chrudim. 
Pop.  7021.  It  has  several  churches,  a  palace,  a  college,  a 
gymnasium,  an  academy,  and  manufactures  of  spirits. 

Leitrim,  lee'trim,  a  county  of  Ireland,  in  Connaught, 
having  N.  Donegal  Bay  and  county.  Area,  613  square 
miles.  Surface  mostly  wild  and  rugged,  with  much  bog  and 
mountain-land.  Chief  rivers,  the  Shannon,  Bonnet,  nnd 
Blackwater.  Principal  lakes,  Allen,  Melvin,  and  Gill. 
Assize  town,  Carrick-on-Shannon.  It  sends  two  members  i 
to  the  House  of  Commons.     Pop.  (1891)  78,379. 

Leitrim,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Leitrim,  on  the 
Shannon,  8  miles  N.K.  of  Carrick. 

Leitsltau,  lit'skSw,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Saxony,  • 
miles  S.E.  of  Magdeburg.     Pop.  1182. 

Leixlip,  Idce'lip,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kildare,  at 
the  confluence  of  the  Liffey  and  the  Rye,  10  miles  by  rail 
W.N.W.  of  Dublin.     Pop.  817. 

Leiza,  l^'e-th&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre,  17  miles 
N.W.  of  Pamplona.     Pop.  1722. 

Lejoon,  or  Lejjun,  Idd^joon',  a  village  of  Palestine,  22 
miles  S.E.  of  Acre. 

Lek,  a  river  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Leck. 

Lel<entze,  lA-kfint's^h,  or  Lechnitz,  IfiK'nits,  aril. 
lage  of  Transylvania,  20  miles  from  Bistritz.     Pop.  1680. 

Lekkerk,  Ifik'kfink,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  South 
Holland,  on  the  Leck,  9  miles  E.  of  Rotterdam.     P.  2811. 

Leksha,  Lekcha,  Idk'shS.,  or  Lekta,  ISk'ti,  a  long 
and  narrow  lake  of  Russia,  in  the  N.W.  of  Olonets.  Length, 
24  miles  ;  breadth,  3  miles. 

Lcksmond,  Ifiks^mint',  a  village  of  the  Netherlandi, 
South  Holland,  on  the  Leck,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Gorkum. 

Lei  an,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Leilan. 

Le'iand,  a  post-village  of  La  Salle  co..  111.,  in  Adami 
township,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  A  Quincy  Railroad, 
67  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chicago,  and  about  20  miles  N.  by  E. 
of  Ottawa.  It  has  5  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  manu- 
factory of  windmills.     Pop.  about  800. 

Leiand,  a  post-oflSce  of  Morris  co.,  Kansas,  about  18 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Junction  City. 

Leiand,  a  post-village  in  Leiand  township,  Leelansw 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Michigan,  about  28  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Traverse  City.  It  has  a  graded  school,  3  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  lumber  and  pig-iron.     Pop.  434. 

Leiand,  a  post-oflBce  of  Josephine  co.,  Oregon,  in  the 
valley  of  Rogue  River,  65  miles  S.  of  Roseburg.  Gold  is 
found  near  it. 

Leland's  Corners,  a  post-oflSce  of  Cuyahoga  co.,  0. 

Le  Lauzet,  a  village  of  France.    See  IjAuzet. 

Le'led  Lane,  a  post-ofiice  of  Tuscaloosa  co.,  Ala. 

Lelesz,  liMfis',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  11  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Zemplin.     Pop.  2169.     It  has  a  castle. 

Leiiaetta,  leMe-a-et'ta,  a  station  in  the  Creek  Nation, 
Indian  Territory,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  A  Texas  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  N.  of  Gibson. 

Le  Lien,  a  village  of  Switzerland.    See  Lieu. 

Le  Lion  d'Angers,  l?h  le-6N»'  d6N°^zh4',  a  market- 
town  of  France,  in  Maine-et-Loire,  on  the  Oudon,  13  mild 
N.N.W.  of  Angers.     Pop.  1560. 

Le  Lode,  a  town  of  Switzerland.    See  Locle. 

Le  Loup,  Franklin  co.,  Kansas.    Sec  Fergusok. 

Le  Luc,  a  market-town  of  France.    See  Luc. 


LEL 


1633 


LEM 


Leinnda,  li-loon'dl,  a  river  of  Africa,  in  Congo,  rises 
in  a  mountainoua  district  E.  of  San  Salvador,  flows  W.,  and, 
after  a  course  of  above  200  miles,  falls  into  the  South  At- 
lantic about  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  the  mouth  of  the  Congo. 

Lelasium,  a  Latin  name  of  ■Weissenburg. 
I    Le  Lyonnois  or  Lyonnais,  France.    SeeLyosNoia. 

Le  Maconnois  or  Maconnais.    See  MAconnois. 

Le  Maire,  l§h  rain,  a  strait  of  South  America,  the 
channel  which  separates  Staten  Island  from  Terra  del  Fuego, 
about  20  miles  wide.  It  was  discovered  in  1616  by  a  Dutcli 
iiavigator  named  Le  Maire. 

tliema  (li'mi)  Islands^  Chinese  Sea,  the  outermost 
oup  of  the  great  archipelago  that  fronts  the  entrance  to 
Canton  River,  consists  of  one  small  and  three  large  islands. 
The  largest,  called  Great  Lema  by  Europeans,  but  Tam- 
Quoon-Tow  by  the  Chinese,  is  6  miles  long.  Lat.  of  N.E. 
end,  22°  4'  46"  N.;  ion.  114°  18'  30"  E. 
I  Leman  Lake,  or  Lemauus  Lacas.  See  Lake  of 
iOeneva. 

i  Le  Mans,  l?h  mb^  (ano.  Suindinum,  afterwards  Ceno- 
maiti),  a  town  of  France,  capital  of  the  department  of 
Sartho,  on  the  ridge  and  slope  of  a  hill  washed  by  the 
Sarthe,  which  is  here  crossed  by  3  bridges,  130  miles  by 
rail  S.W.  of  Paris.  The  lower  part  of  the  town,  near  the 
b.anks  of  the  river,  is  poorly  built,  with  streets  narrow  and 
winding.  The  upper  part  has  a  much  better  appearance : 
the  streets  are  spacious;  and  the  market-place,  into  which 
most  of  them  open,  is  large  and  handsome.  The  principal 
building  is  the  cathedral,  a  fine  Gothic  structure,  with  a 
|very  old  choir.  The  other  edifices  deserving  of  notice  are 
'the  churches  of  Notre. Dame  and  L'Ancienne  Visitation, 
{the  prefecture,  library,  and  museum,  including  a  picture- 
Igaliery,  all  occupying  part  of  the  buildings  of  an  old  mon- 
bstery,  the  theatre,  and  cavalry  barracks.  The  principal 
unanufactures  are  linen,  coarse  woollens,  lace,  hosiery,  paper, 
leather,  and  wax  candles.  The  trade  in  clover-  and  luoernc- 
,Beed  is  extensive.  Le  Mans  is  the  see  of  a  bishop,  and 
ipossesses  courts  of  first  resort  and  commerce,  an  agricultural 
find  scientific  society,  a  communal  college,  a  diocesan  semi- 
jnary,  and  a  school  of  design.  It  is  a  place  of  great  an- 
tiquity, and  is  said  to  have  been  founded  in  the  second 
sentury  by  the  Romans,  of  whose  buildings  many  vestiges 
still  remain.  It  was  taken  by  William  the  Conqueror  in 
',he  eleventh  century,  and  long  continued  in  the  possession 
Df  the  English,  whose  king,  Henry  II.,  was  born  in  it.  In 
the  Revolutionary  war  the  Vendeans  sustained  one  of  their 
worst  defeats  here.     Pop.  45,709. 

Le  Marigot,  West  Indies.    See  La  Capestkrue. 

Le  Marin,  a  village  of  Martinique.    See  Maiun. 

Le  Mars,  leh  marz',  a  post-village,  capital  of  Plymouth 
eo.,  Iowa,  in  America  township,  on  Floyd's  River,  or  Willow 
Creek,  and  on  the  Dubuque  <fc  Sioux  City  Railroad  and  the 
3ioux  City  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Sioux 
City.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks,  a  money-order  post-office, 
|2  steam  flour-mills,  and  a  large  trade  in  grain  and  stock. 
(Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop.  in  1880, 
il895;  in  1890,4036. 

,  Le  Marsan,  l§h  maR'sftN"',  a  district  of  France,  formed 
he  E.  part  of  La  Chalosso,  and  belonged  to  the  former 
iprovince  of  Gascony.  It  now  forms  part  of  the  department 
pf  Landes. 

Lemasters,  Pennsylvania.    See  Lehmaster's. 

Le  May,  a  village  of  France.    See  May. 

Lembach,  iSm'bis  or  iSm^bAk',  a  village  of  Germany, 
iJO  miles  N.  of  Strasburg.     Pop.  1419. 
\   Leinbeck,  or  Lerabecq,  Idm'bfiK,  a  village  of  Bel- 
i;iuni,  province  of  South  Brabant,  11  miles  S.S.W.  of  Brus- 
sels.   Pop.  2600. 

I  Lem'berg  (Ger.  pron.  ISm'bSiiG;  Polish,  Lwow,  Iwof; 
|L.  Leop'olia),  sometimes  called  Le'opold,  a  town  of 
Austria,  capital  of  Galicia,  in  a  beautiful  and  romantic  dis- 
trict, at  a  railway  junction,  365  miles  E.N.E.  of  Vienna. 
fUt.  49°  51'  52"  N. :  Ion.  24°  3'  11"  E.  It  was  originally 
liurrounded  by  walls  and  ditches,  which  have  i)een  levelled 
;ind  converted  into  walks,  and,  though  founded  in  the  thir- 
j;eenth  century,  has  all  the  appearance  of  a  modern  town, 
;iaving  increased  rapidly  since  it  became  a  capital.  Besides 
Doing  the  seat  of  the  government  and  of  important  courts 
jind  public  offices,  it  is  the  seat  of  3  Roman  Catholic  arch- 
pishops,  representing  the  Latin,  Armenian,  and  Ruthenian 
I'ites,  The  buildings  most  deserving  of  notice  are  the  Greek 
[jictropolitan  church,  with  the  archbishop's  palace,  magnifi- 
j:cnt  structures  in  the  Italian  style ;  the  Latin  cathedral, 
[Juilt  by  Casimir  the  Great  in  1370  ;  the  Dominican  church, 
iifter  the  model  of  St.  Peter's  at  Rome;  the  Protestant 
j.jhurch ;  3  synagogues,  one  of  them  largo  and  remarkably 
HMJdsome;  the  town  house,  built  on  a  magnificent  scale  j 


the  university,  possessed  of  a  library  of  60,000  volumes  and 
numerous  collections,  and  attended  by  about  1400  students; 
the  Ossolinsk  Institute,  with  a  library  relating  mostly  to 
Slavic  history  and  literature,  and  numerous  collections  of 
paintings,  engravings,  coins,  antiquities,  <fec. ;  the  theatre, 
built  at  the  sole  expense  of  a  count;  the  theological  and 
philosophical  institute  for  the  regular  clergy;  2  semi- 
naries, 2  gymnasia,  an  academy  of  arts,  a  normal  school,  a 
deaf  and  dumb  institute,  a  general  infirmary  and  lunatic 
asylum,  a  large  military  hospital,  a  hospital  of  the  sisters 
of  charity,  a  penitentiary,  extensive  barracks,  a  military 
swimming-school  and  bathing-establishment.  The  manu- 
factures consist  chiefly  of  woollen  and  cotton  tissues,  and 
in  the  vicinity  there  is  a  very  extensive  tobacco-factory. 
Lemberg  depends  far  less  on  manufactures  than  on  com- 
merce. This,  which  is  very  much  in  the  hands  of  the 
Jews,  who  here  number  more  than  20,000,  concentrates  a 
great  part  of  the  trade  of  the  kingdom.  Much  of  it  ex- 
tends over  the  whole  year,  but  a  considerable  portion  is 
confined  to  the  largo  fairs,  which  take  place  at  stated  peri- 
ods. The  amount  of  business  then  transacted  is  very  great. 
In  1656  Lemberg  successfully  resisted  the  Russians,  in  1671 
it  was  laid  under  contribution  by  the  Turks,  and  in  1704 
was  stormed  by  the  Swedes  under  Charles  XII.  Pop.  in 
1870,  87,109;  in  1880,  109,726;  in  1890,  128,419, 

Lemberg,  Ifim'bfina,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  3  miles  E, 
of  Pirmasens.     Pop.  1409. 

Lemberg,  Iftw^baiR',  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Lorraine, 
14  miles  S.E.  of  Saargeraiind,  with  1717  inhabitants. 

Lemberg,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia.    See  Lii  wenberg. 

Lembeye,  Idii^bd,',  a  town  of  France,  in  Basses-Pyr6- 
n6es,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Pau.     Pop.  1231. 

Lemene,  li-mS,'ni,  a  river  of  Italy,  falls  into  the  Adri- 
atic by  several  mouths,  one  of  which  enters  Port  Falconera. 
Total  course,  about  35  miles. 

Le'nien's,  a'station  in  Monroe  co..  111.,  on  the  Cairo 
&  St.  Louis  Railroad,  27  miles  S.  of  St.  Louis, 

Lem'enton,  a  post-office  of  St.  Clair  co.,  III.,  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Belleville  &  Southern  Illinois  Railroad,  25  miles 
S.E.  of  East  St.  Louis. 

Le  Merlerault,  l§h  m5RM4-ro',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Orne,  15  miles  E.  of  Argentan.     Pop.  1486. 

Lemforde,  IJm'foRM^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover, 
10  miles  S.  of  Diepholz.     Pop.  846, 

Lemgo,  Ifim'go,  a  town  of  the  principality  of  Lippe, 
Germany,  on  the  Bega,  6  miles  N.  of  Detmold,  Pop.  5108, 
mostly  Lutherans.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  several 
churches,  a  convent,  a  palace  of  the  prince,  a  gymnasium, 
a  seminary  for  noble  ladies,  an  orphan  asylum,  and  manu- 
factures of  linen,  woollens,  meerschaum,  and  leather. 

Lemheuy,  Idm^hin',  written  also  Lehmen,  a  village 
of  Transylvania,  about  50  miles  from  Kronstadt.     P,  2710. 

Lem'hi,  a  county  of  Idaho,  borders  on  Montana.  It 
is  intorseeted  by  the  Salmon  River.  The  surface  is  moun- 
tainous, and,  a  range  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  extends  along 
the  northeastern  border  of  this  county,  which  is  also  partly 
occupied  by  the  Salmon  River  Mountains.  The  soil  is 
mostly  uncultivated,  the  inhabitants  being  employed  in 
mining  gold.  This  county  has  an  area  of  about  6400  square 
miles.  Capital,  Salmon  City.  Pop,  in  1870,  988;  in  1880, 
2031;  in  1890,  1915. 

Lemhi  Agency,  a  post-office  of  Lemhi  co.,  Idaho. 

Lemie,  li'me-d  or  lim'yi,  a  village  of  Italy,  S,  from 
Turin,  on  the  Chiara.     Pop.  1764, 

Lem'ington,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Northumber- 
land, parish  of  Newburn,  on  the  Tyne,  containing  the  ex- 
tensive works  of  the  Tyne  Iron  Company,  and  also  large 
crown-glass-works. 

Lem'ington,  a  post-oflSco  of  Essex  eo.,  Vt.,  in  Lom- 
ington  township,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  about  24  milo8 
N.  of  Guildhall.     Pop.  of  the  township,  191, 

Lem'ley's,  a  township  of  Mecklenburg  CO.,  N.C.  P.  971. 

Lemloom,  Lemloum,  or  Lemium,  ISmMoom',  or 
Lamlum,  limMoom',  a  village  of  Asiatic  'Turkey,  on  the 
Euphrates,  62  miles  S.E.  of  the  ruins  of  Babylon.  S.E, 
from  it  are  the  marshes  of  Lemloom,  a  wide  and  inundated 
tract,  partly  cultivated  for  rice, 

Lemmer,  Ifim'mer,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Friesland,  on  the  Zuyder  Zee,  14  miles  S.  of  Sneck.  P.  2770. 

Lemmongan,16m-mon-g3,n',orLammongan,  l&m- 
mon-gin',  a  volcano  in  Java,  about  60  miles  E.S.E.  of  Soera- 
baya  (Soorabaya) ;  height,  6561  feet, 

Lemnos,  the  ancient  name  of  Stalimki, 

Lem'on,  a  post-township  of  Butler  co.,  0,  Pop.  5242. 
It  contains  Middlotown,  Monroe,  and  Amanda. 

Lemon,  a  post-township  of  Wyoming  co..  Pa.,  about 
22  miles  N,W,  of  Scranton,  is  intersected  by  the  Montrose 


LEM 


1631 


C8N 


R&ilroad.  Pop.  531.  Lemon  Station  is  8  miles  N.  of  Tunk- 
hannook. 

Le^mond',  a  post-office  of  Steele  oo.,  Minn.,  in  Lemond 
township,  i)  miles  S.  of  Moriden.  The  township  contains  a 
church  nnd  n  mineral  spring.     Pop.  669. 

JLein'unfuir  Uiver,  a  milUstream  of  Addison  co.,  Vt., 
falls  into  Otter  Creek. 

liCin'oii's,  a  station  in  Putnam  oo.,  Mo.,  on  the  Bur- 
lington <t  Southwootern  Railroad,  &  miles  S.  of  Unionviilo. 

Lemon's  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Cooke  oo.,  Tcnn. 

Le^munt',  or  Ath'ens,  a  post-village  of  Cook  oo., 
ill.,  in  Lomont  township,  on  the  Des  Plainos  Rivor,  and  on 
the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago.  It 
has  5  churches,  a  money-order  post-oflico,  named  Lemont, 
and  quarries  of  fine  Silurian  limestone  called  Athens 
marble.  The  township  contains  a  village  named  Sag 
Bridge.     Pop.  in  1880.  3798;  in  1890,  6539. 

Lemont,  a  uost-village  of  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  0  miles  S.  of 
Bellofonte.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  a  drug-store,  and  a 
flour-mill.     Iron  ore  abounds  here.     Pop.  about  5U0. 

Lemont  Furnace,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  Pn., 
on  the  Fayette  County  llailroad  and  the  Baltimore  St.  Ohio 
Railroad,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Uniontown.  It  has  an  iron-fur- 
nace and  coke- works. 

Lemonum,  an  ancient  name  of  Poitiers. 

Lem'onville,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  6 
miles  N.W.  of  Stouffville.  It  contains  a  woollen-factory,  a 
■aw-mill,  and  2  stores.     Pop.  100. 

Lemonweir,  lem'on-weer',  a  hamlet  of  Juneau  co.. 
Wis.,  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  on  the  Lemonweir 
Rivor,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad, 
33  miles  W.N.W.  of  Portage  City.  It  has  water-power  and 
a  grist-mill.  The  township  contains  Mauston,  ttio  county 
seat.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1072,  exclusive  of  Mauston. 

Lemonweir  Creek,  Wisconsin,  drains  part  of  Mon- 
roe CO.,  runs  southeastward  through  Juneau  co.,  and  enters 
the  Wisconsin  River  about  10  miles  E.  of  Mauston.  It  is 
nearly  75  miles  long. 

Lemoore,  l^-mSr',  a  post-village  of  Tulare  co.,  Cal., 
on  Tulare  Lake,  and  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  about 
40  miles  S.  of  Fresno  City.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high 
school,  and  a  steam  flour-mill.  Pop.  about  500.  It  is  near 
the  mouth  of  King's  River. 

Lemore,  a  post-office  of  Custer  co..  Neb. 

Lemoviccs,  the  Latin  for  Limoges,  in  France. 

Le  Aloyne,  l^h-moin',  a  post-hamlet  of  Wood  co.,  0., 
in  Troy  township,  on  the  Columbus  &  Toledo  Railroad. 

Lenipa,  ISm'pi,  a  navigable  river  of  Central  America, 
in  San  Salvador,  enters  the  Pacific  35  miles  S.E.  of  that  city. 

Lempdes,  I6xd,  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy-de-DOme,  5 
miles  S.E.  of  Clermont-Ferrand.     Pop.  1490. 

Lemps,  or  Le  Grand  Lemps,  l?h  gr6N<»  16n<»,  a  town 
of  France,  in  Isfire,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Grenoble.     Pop.  1752. 

Lemp'ster,  a  post-villago  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Lempster  township,  about  36  miles  W.  of  Concord.  It  is  9 
miles  S.  of  Newport.  It  has  a  church  and  a  high  schooL 
Pop.  of  the  township,  678. 

Lemsal,lSm-s3,r,  Limbasha,or  Limba8cha,1im- 
bi'shi,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Livonia,  near  the  Gulf  of 
Riga,  30  miles  W.  of  Volmar.     Pop.  1442. 

Le  Muy,  l?h  mwee  (L.  Cas'tmm  de  Modi'no?),  a  town 
of  France,  in  Var,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Draguignan.    Pop.  2364. 

Lcmvig,  lim'vig,  a  town  of  Denmark,  in  Jutland,  on 
the  Lym-Fiord,  32  miles  N.E.  of  Ringkiobing.     Pop.  1350. 

Le'na  (Russ.  pron.  l4-n&'),  one  of  the  principal  rivers 
of  Asia,  and  the  most  easterly  and  largest  of  the  great 
streams  of  Siberia,  its  basin  lying  between  those  of  the 
Yenisei  on  the  W.  and  the  Yana  and  Indighirka  on  the  E. 
It  rises  near  Irkootsk,  W.  of  Lake  Baikal,  and  enters  the 
Arctic  Ocean  by  numerous  mouths  between  lat.  72°  and  73° 
N.  and  Ion.  125°  and  130°  E.  Total  course,  2400  miles, 
the  whole  of  which  is  within  the  Russian  dominions. 
Chief  tributaries,  the  Vitim,  Aldan,  and  Viliooi,  both  of 
which  last  it  receives  N.  of  lat.  63°.  At  a  distance  of  800 
miles  from  the  ocean  it  is  a  noble  river,  5  or  6  miles  in  width, 
and  it  is  generally  navigable  with  safety ;  but  in  a  great 
part  of  its  course  it  flows  through  a  frozen  desert. 

Lena,  le'na,  a  post-village  of  Stephenson  co..  111.,  in 
West  Point  township,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  13 
miles  N.W.  of  Freeport,  and  38  miles  E.  of  Galena.  It 
has  6  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  foundry,  and 
manufactories  of  carriages,  sash  and  blinds,  and  boots  and 
shoes.     Pop.  about  ISOO. 

Lena,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Indianap- 
•lis  k  St.  Louis  Railroad,  24  miles  E.N.E.  of  Terre  Ilaute. 
[t  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Lena,  a  post-office  of  Custer  co.,  Neb. 


Lena,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  C,  about  3  miles  R 
of  Wauseon.  ' 

Lena  (Allen's  Post-Offioe),  a  village  of  Miami  co.,  0,  in 
Brown  township,  on  the  Pan-Handle  Railroad,  11  miles' K. 
of  Piqua,  and  1  mile  from  Conovcr  Station.  It  hts  % 
churches.     Pop.  144. 

Lena,  a  post-office  of  Umatilla  co.,  Oregon. 

Lenapc,  Icn-ap',  a  post-villago  of  Leavenworth  oo. 
Kansas,  in  Sherman  township,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Knn! 
sas  River,  and  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  22  mile* 
W.  of  Kansas  City,  and  16  miles  E.  of  Lawrence.  It  hu 
a  fine  school-house,  4  general  stores,  a  ohair-fuctory,  Ao 
Pop.  about  100. 

Lenapc,  a  post-office  of  Chester  co.,  Pb.,  on  the  Wil. 
mington  &  Reading  Railroad,  19  miles  N.N.W.  of  WiU 
mington,  Del. 

Len'awee,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Michigan,  bor. 
doring  on  Ohio,  has  an  area  of  720  square  miles.     It  ii 
drained  in  the  S.E.  part  by  the  Raisin  River  and  its  branches, 
and  in  the  S.W.  part  by  Tiffin  River.     The  surface  is  undu- 
lating, and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak, 
sugar-maple,  and  other  trees.     The  soil  is  a  fertile  loam, 
composed  partly  of  sand.     Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hny, 
butter,  wool,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.    This  county 
is   intersected   by  the   Cincinnati,   Jackson    <k   Mackinaw! 
Railroad,  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  the  Wabash  Hail- 1 
road,  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  and  I 
the  Jackson  Branch  of  that  road.     Capital,  Adrian.    Pop.  I 
in  1870,  45,595;  in  1880,  48,343;  in  1890,  48,448. 

Lenawee  Junction,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Len- 
awee CO.,  Mich.,  4  miles  E.  of  Adrian.  Here  the  Michigan] 
Southern  Railroad  (main  line)  connects  with  its  Jackson  j 
and  Monroe  Branches.  | 

Lencloftre,  l&N»^klwS.t'r',  a  town  of  France,  in  Yienno, 
16  miles  N.  of  Poitiers.     Pop.  1871. 

Lenczna,  Russia.     See  Lentschna. 

Lenczy,lint'chce,  Lenczyc,16n'chit8,orLenczyca, 
Ifin-chit'si,  written  also  LenHschck'  and  Len'chek', 
a  town  of  Poland,  government  and  80  miles  W.S.W.  of  War- 
saw.    It  has  several  convents.     Pop.  6407.  ] 

Lendelidc,  16N°'d§h-leed',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  West  ■ 
Flanders,  about  19  miles  S.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  3600. 

Lendinnra,  15n-de-ni'r4,  a  fortified  town  of  Italy,  9 
miles  W.  of  Rovigo.     Pop.  6909. 

Lcndzin,  Idnt-scen',  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  goT- 
ernmcnt  of  Oppeln,  circle  of  Plcsse.     Pop.  2086. 

Lenensc,  a  supposed  ancient  n<ame  of  Len's. 

Lenex'a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  Fort  Scott  &  Gulf  Railroad,  14  miles  S.W. 
of  Kansas  City. 

Lengaza,  a  lake  of  Turkey.     See  Langaza. 

Lengcfcid,  16ng'?h-felt\  a  town  of  Saxony,  14  milei 
S.E.  of  Chemnitz.  Pop.  3386,  mostly  employed  in  maun- 
facturcs  of  woollen  and  linen  stuffs,  and  in  cotton-mills. 

Lcngenfeld,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Langenfei.d. 

Lengenfeld,  lfing'§n-f61t\  a  town  of  Saxony,  circle  of 
Zwickau,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Chemnitz.  Pop.  4933.  It  has 
manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  muslin,  Ac. 

Lcngenfeld,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Saxony,  circle  of 
Heiligenstadt,  on  the  Friede.     Pop.  1112. 

Lengerich,  Ifing'§h-riK\  or  Margarethen-Lcnge* 
rich,  man*gi-rA.'t?n-Hng'?h-riK\  a  town  of  Prussia,  West- 
phalia, 19  miles  N.N.E.  of  MUnster,  at  the  foot  of  a  moun- 
tain. Pop.  1790.  It  has  manufactures  of  silks,  woollens, 
and  linen. 

Lengnan,  ISng'now,  Odeh,  o'b^r,  and  TjNTEn,  fion'tjr, 
two  villages  of  Switzerland,  in  Aargau,  5  miles  N.  of  Baden. 
Pop.  1627. 

Lengsfeld,  or  Schenk-Lengsfeld,  shJnk-lJngs'- 
fSlt,  a  town  of  Prussiii,  in  Uesse-Nassau,  5  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Dieburg.     Pop.  1121. 

Lengsfeld,  Ifings'ffilt,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Sase- 
Weimar,  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Eisenach.     Pop.  1558. 

Lcn'hartsville,  a  post-village  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Greenwich  township,  on  the  Berks  &  Lehigh  Riiilroad,  19 
miles  N.  of  Reading.  It  has  a  church  and  a  carriage- 
factory. 

Lenk,  link,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  in  Bern,  in  the 
Simmenthal,  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Thun.     Pop.  2306. 

Lenkcran,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Lankeran. 

Len'ker's,  a  station  in  Dauphin  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Sum- 
mit Branch  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Millersburg. 

Lenne,  Ifin'nSh,  a  river  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  joins  the 
Ruhr  18  miles  N.E.  of  Elborfeld.     Length,  50  miles. 

Lennep,  15n'n6p,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  on  a  rail- 
way, 22  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Dusseldorf,  on  the  Lennep.  Popt 
7753.    It  has  manufactures  of  woollens,  cottons,  silks,  Ao. 


LEN 


1635 


!LEO 


I  Len'nik  Saint-Quen'tin  (Fr.  pron.  l6n'neok'  84n»- 
kftNoHiN"'),  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  South  Brabant,  9  miles 
JS.W.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  2700. 

I  Lenni-Lennappfi,  16n'no-15n'ndp'pi,  usually  called 
jXiennpC)  a  tribe  of  Indians  of  North  America,  formerly 
numerous.  They  are  the  same  as  the  Delawares. 
■  Len'ni  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  on 
Chester  Creek,  and  on  the  West  Chester  &  Philadelphia 
Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Philadelphia  <&  Baltimore 
Central  llailroad  and  the  Chester  Creek  Railroad,  17  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a  church  and  manufactures 
of  woollen  and  cotton  goods. 

Lcnno,  Idn'no,  a  village  in  the  N.W.  of  Lombardy, 
province  of  Como,  6  miles  from  Menaggio.     Pop.  1066. 

Len'nox,  the  ancient  name  of  the  county  of  Dumbar- 
ton, Scotland,  comprising  also  parts  of  the  counties  of  Stir- 
ling, Perth,  and  Renfrew.  See  Dumbauton. 
Lennox,  a  village  of  Massachusetts.  See  Lexox. 
Lennox,  a  county  of  Ontario,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Lake 
Ontario,  near  its  outlet.  Capital,  Napanee.  Area,  315 
square  miles.     Pop.  16,396. 

Lennox  Hills,  a  range  in  Scotland  extending  between 
the  counties  of  Dumbarton  and  Stirling. 

Lennox  Town,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Stirling, 
on  a  railway,  9  miles  N.  of  Glasgow.  Pop.  3917,  employed 
in  large  calico-print-works  and  collieries. 

Len'noxville,  a  post-village  in  Sherbrooke  co.,  Quebec, 
attractively  situated  at  the  junction  of  the  Massawippi  and 
St.  Francis  Rivers,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  and  Massawippi 
(Valley  Railroads,  104  miles  S.E.  of  Montreal.  It  has  2 
j  churches,  3  hotels,  a  dozen  stores,  a  brewery,  and  2  saw- 
I  mills.  Lennoxville  is  the  seat  of  Bishop's  College,  a  Church 
(of  England  institution,  which  has  a  royal  charter  for  confer- 
sring  degrees  in  the  arts  and  faculties:  a  collegiate  school 
and  a  theological  college  are  attached.     Pop.  900. 

Leno,  Id'no,  a  market-town  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  12 
miles  S.  of  Brescia,  near  the  Mella.  Pop.  4336.  It  has 
manufactures  of  linen,  silk,  and  cotton. 

Le'no,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co.,  Fla.,  on  the  Santa 
F6  River,  21  miles  S.  of  Lake  City.  It  has  a  saw-mill  and 
a  flour-mill. 

Lenoir,  l^-nore',  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  North 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  408  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Neuse  River,  which  flows  across  the  county 
[from  W.  to  E.,  and  also  drained  by  the  Trent  River.  The 
[surface  is  nearly  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered 
I  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  mostly 
•  sandy.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  pork,  and  sweet  potatoes  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  ibe  At- 
ilantic  i  North  Carolina  Railroad.  Capital,  Kinston.  Pop. 
in  1870,  10,434;  in  1880,  15,344;  in  1890,  14,879. 
i  Lenoir,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Caldwell  co.,  N.C.,in 
Lenoir  township,  on  the  Chester  &,  Lenoir  Railroad,  about 
[70  miles  N.W.  of  Charlotte,  and  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Mor- 
iganton.  It  contains  a  female  college,  the  Finley  High 
jSchool  (male),  a  newspaper  ofiSce,  3  churches,  2  tanneries,  a 
jplaning-mill,  Ac.  Pop.  in  1890,  673  ;  of  tlie  township,  2060. 
i  Lenoir's,  l^-nOrz',  a  post-village  of  Loudon  co.,  Tenn., 
;on  the  llolston  River,  and  on  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia 
,&  Georgia  Railroad,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Knoxville.  It  has  a 
cotton-factory,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  church. 

Lenola,  li-no'li,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Coserta, 
16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Gaeta.     Pop.  3130. 
Leno'ra,  a  post-ofiice  of  Choctaw  co.,  Ala. 
Lenora,  a  post-office  of  Norton  co.,  K.ansas. 
Lenora,  a  post-village  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn.,  about  37 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Winona.     It  has  a  church. 
Len'ox,  a  township  of  AVarren  co..  III.     Pop.  948. 
Lenox,  a  township  of  Iowa  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  504. 
Lenox,  a  post-village  of  Taylor  co.,  Iowa,  in  Platte 
[township,  on  the  Creston  Branch  of  the  Burlington  <fc  Mis- 
isouri  River  Railroad,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Bedford.     It  has  a 
'newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  5  churches,  and  a  banking- 
ihouse.     Pop.  in  1890,  706. 

I  Lenox,  a  post-village  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  in  Lenox 
township,  near  the  Ilousatonic  River,  2  miles  W.  of  Lenox 
Station  on  the  Housatonic  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  PittsGeld, 
.and  about  33  miles  S.E.  of  Albany,  N.Y.  It  has  4  churches, 
fan  academy,  and  a  number  of  fine  residences.  The  town- 
jShip  has  manufactures  of  glass,  iron,  lime,  and  lumber. 
[Pop.  in  1890,  2889. 

?  Lenox,  a  post-township  of  Macomb  co.,  Mich.,  24  miles 
;S.W.  of  Port  Huron,  is  intersected  by  the  Grand  Trunk  Rail- 
road. Pop.  2164.  It  contains  the  villages  of  New  Ilaven 
and  Ridgcway.     Lenox  Post-Office  is  at  Kidgeway. 

Lenox,  a  post-township  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  about  24 
'miles  W.  of  Utica,  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Oneida  Lake, 


and  on  the  E.  by  Oneida  Creek.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Erie  Canal  and  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  and  con- 
tains the  large  villages  of  Canastota  and  Oneida.  Hops 
and  dairy-products  are  the  chief  articles  of  export.  Pop. 
12,815.     Lenox  Post-Office  is  at  Quality  Hill. 

Lenox,  a  post-township  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0.  It  has  4 
churches,  and  a  pop.  of  752.  Lenox  Post-Office  is  4  milcn 
S.  of  Jefferson. 

Lenox,  a  post-township  of  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  about 
20  miles  N.  of  Scranton.  Pop.  1751.  It  contains  villages 
named  Lenoxville,  Hop  Bottom,  and  Glenwood. 

Lenox  Ba'sin,  a  hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Lenox 
township,  on  the  Erie  Canal,  near  Wampsville.  It  has  a 
church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Len'oxburg,  a  post-office  of  Bracken  co.,  Ky. 

Lenox  Castle,  a  post-office  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.C. 

Lenox  Fur'nace,  a  post-village  of  Berkshire  co., 
Mass.,  in  Lenox  township,  on  the  Housatonic  Railroad,  9 
miles  S.  of  Pittsfield. 

Lenox  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co..  III.,  in 
Lenox  township,  on  the  Rockford,  Rock  Island  <fc  St.  Louia 
Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Monmouth.     It  has  a  church. 

Len'oxville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Susquehanna  co..  Pa., 
in  Lenox  township,  about  20  miles  N.  of  Scranton.  It  has 
a  church. 

Lens,  16n»,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  on  the 
Dender,  7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mons.     Pop.  2280. 

Lens,  I6n»  (anc.  Elena  t  or  Lenenae  ?),  a  town  of  France, 
in  Pas-de-Calais,  at  a  railway  junction,  9  miles  N.E.  of 
Arras.  Pop.  9383.  It  has  coal-mines,  distilleries,  tan- 
neries, and  manufactures  of  woollens,  lace,  and  soap. 

Lens,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Valais,  5  mile* 
N.E.  of  Sion.     Pop.  2095. 

Lent,  Idnt,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Qelderland, 
on  the  Waal,  opposite  Nymwcgen. 

Lent,  a  township  of  Chisago  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  115. 

Lenta,  ISn'ti,  a  village  of  Italy,  12  miles  N.  of  Ver- 
celli,  on  the  Sesia.     Pop.  1064. 

Lcntchek,  a  town  of  Poland.    See  Lenczy. 

Lentia,  an  ancient  name  of  Lintz. 

Lentini,  Ifin-tee'ne,  or  Leontini,  li-on-tee'nee  (ano 
Leonti'ni  and  Leon'tiiim),  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  of 
Syracuse,  on  a  hill  near  Lake  Biveri,  18  miles  by  rail 
S.S.W.  of  Catania.  Pop.  10,578.  It  has  a  gunpowder- 
mill,  and  an  active  fishery  on  the  adjoining  lake.  It  ia 
well  built,  and  has  many  remains  of  antiquity.   See  Biveri^ 

Lent'ner,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Han- 
nibal &  St.  Joseph  Railroad,  17  miles  E.  of  Macon. 

Lentschek,  a  town  of  Poland.    See  Lenczy. 

Lentsclina,  or  Lenczna,  Idntch'ni,  a  town  of  Rus- 
sian Poland,  government  of  Lublin,  circle  of  Lubartow. 
Pop.  3178. 

Len'y,  a  romantic  mountain-pass  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Perth,  2  miles  W.  of  Callander.  Loch  Lubnaig  here  dis- 
charges its  waters  by  a  stream  which  joins  the  Teith  near 
Callander. 

Lenz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hennepin  co.,  Minn.,  about  15 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Minneapolis.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
grist-mill. 

Lcnzburg,  IJnts'booRG,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton 
of  Aargau,  7  miles  E.  of  Aarau.     Pop.  2502. 

Lcnz'burg,  a  post-village  of  St.  Clair  co..  III.,  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Alton  &  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  17  miles  S.  by  E. 
of  Belleville.  It  has  a  church,  a  warehouse,  Ac.  Pop. 
about  250. 

Lenzen,  or  Lcntzen,  I5nt's?n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Brandenburg,  83  miles  N.W.  of  Potsdam.     Pop.  2779. 

Lenzinghausen,l5nt'sing-how*z?n,  a  village  of  Rhen- 
ish Prussia,  in  Minden,  near  Herford. 

Lcnzkirch,  iSnts'kceRK,  Oder,  o'b?r,  and  Unter,  6on'- 
t?r,  two  villages  of  Germany,  in  Baden,  3J  miles  S.  of 
Neustadt.     Pop.  1893. 

Le'o,  a  post-office  of  White  co.,  Ga. 

Leo,  a  post-village  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.,  in  Cedar  Creek 
township,  on  the  St.  Joseph  River,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Fort 
Wayne.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  woollen- 
mill,  and  a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  about  300. 

Leo,  a  post-office  of  Stanly  co.,  N.C. 

Leo,  Jackson  co.,  0.    See  Swiftsville. 

Le^obad'da,  a  town  of  Africa,  on  the  Niger.  Lat.  9" 
20' N.;  Ion.  5°  45' E.     Pop.  6000. 

Leoben,  li-o'b^n,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Styria,  at  a 
railway  junction,  9  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Briick,  on  the  Mur. 
Pop.  4529,  mostly  employed  in  mining  and  forging  iron. 

Leobersdorf,  li-o'b§rs-doRr,  or  Loibersdorf,  loi'. 
b§rs-doRr,  a  village  of  Lower  Austria,  on  the  Triesting,  21 
miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Vienna.    Pop.  1762. 


LEO 


1636 


LEO 


lieobaohMtS)  li'ap-shiitsS  or  Lubczyce,  loob>oheot'- 
•4(8kr>iiii0,  UltthxitM,  h'loob'zo-tn),  a  town  of  Prusaias 
SilMia,  M  %  railway  Junotion,  33  miles  S.W.  of  Oppeln. 
Por.  1 1,426.  It  haa  mnnufooturcs  of  linen,  hosiery,  leather, 
and  woollens,  and  a  largo  trade  in  grain  and  flax. 

I^codiunit  the  Latin  name  for  LmoK. 

I^eogane^  l&'o-giln',  a  town  of  Uayti,  on  ita  W.  coast, 
20  utiles  W.  of  Port  au  Prince,  at  the  S.B.  angle  of  the 
Uulf  of  Leogane,  an  inlet  of  the  Caribbean  Bea,  about  120 
miles  in  length. 

Leo'la,  a  township  of  Adams  oo^  Wis.     Pop.  217. 

lieonianiana,  the  ancient  name  of  La  Lomaoxe. 

Leoniil,  l&-o-mecl',  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira  Alta, 
15  miles  S.IO.  of  Lamego.     Pop.  1719. 

Leominster,  lAm'in-stf  r  or  Idmp'st^r,  a  town  of  Eng- 
land, 00.  and  12  miles  N.N.\V.  of  Hereford,  on  the  Lugg,  at 
•  railway  junotion.  It  has  an  ancient  ohuroh,  a  grammar- 
school,  a  town  hall,  a  jail,  a  house  of  industry,  a  markot- 
houso,  and  a  branch  bank,  with  manufactui'es  of  leather, 
gloves,  woollens,  and  hats.  Leominster  sends  two  members 
to  the  House  of  Cloramons.     Pop.  5863. 

Leominster,  Ifim'in-st^r,  a  post-village  of  Worcester 
00.,  Mass.,  in  Leominster  township,  on  the  Boston,  Clinton 
&  Fitchburg  Railroad  and  the  Fitohburg  Railroad,  54  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Boston,  and  5  miles  S.S.E.  of  Fitchburg.  It 
contjuns  a  town  hall,  a  high  school,  a  national  bank,  a 
savings-bank,  6  churches,  a  public  library,  a  newspaper 
otBce,  gas-works,  and  manufactures  of  combs,  paper,  pianos, 
woollen  goods,  furniture,  horn  jewelry,  and  toys.  Pop.  about 
1800.  The  township  is  drained  by  the  Nashua  River,  and 
contains  also  a  village  named  North  Leominster.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  in  1890,  7269. 

Leon,  li*6!J»',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Land  OS,  on  a  lagoon,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Dax.     Pop.  1746. 

Leon,  leo'on  (Sp.  pron.  li-on'),  an  old  province,  and 
formerly  a  kingdom,  in  the  N.W.  of  Spain,  now  divided 
into  the  provinces  of  Leon,  Salamanca,  and  Zamora.  Area, 
16,199  square  miles.  Pop.  883,871.  The  new  province  of 
Leon,  in  the  northern  portion,  has  an  area  of  7176  square 
miles,  and  a  population  of  351,392. 

The  Kingdom  of  Lech  was  founded  in  915  by  OrdoRo  II., 
and  in  the  eleventh  century  was  annexed  to  the  crown  of 
Castile.  It  made  attempts  to  resume  its  independence  in 
the  twelfth  century,  but,  though  still  retaining  the  name  of 
a  kingdom,  was  finally  incorporated  with  the  monarchy  in 
the  thirteenth  century  by  Ferdinand  III.  As  a  territory 
still  recognized  by  geographers  and  frequently  mentioned 
by  writers,  it  is  bounded  N.  by  Asturias,  B.  by  Old  Castile, 
S.  by  Now  Castile  and  Estremadura,  W.  by  Portugal,  and 
N.W.  by  Galicia,  and  comprises  the  five  modern  provinces 
of  Leon,  Palencia,  Valladolid,  Zamora,  and  Salamanca. 

Leon  (ane.  Le'gio  Sep'tima  Gem'ina),  a  city  of  Spain, 
capital  of  a  province,  on  the  Bernesga,  at  its  confluence 
with  the  Torio,  at  a  railway  junction,  60  miles  S.E.  of 
Oviedo,  and  174  miles  N.N.W.  of  Madrid.  Pop.  9866.  It 
is  built  in  the  form  of  an  octagon,  surrounded  by  ancient 
walls  in  a  somewhat  dilapidated  state,  and  entered  by  11 
gates.  The  streets  are  generally  narrow,  irregular,  ill 
paved,  and  dirty,  and  many  of  the  houses  are  untenanted. 
A  few  streets,  however,  are  handsome.  There  are  four 
principal  squares.  The  fountains,  also,  some  of  them  com- 
posed of  marble  and  jasper,  with  allegorical  figures,  are 
elegant  structures;  and  a  finely  planted  space,  called  the 
Espolon  de  Puerta  Castillo,  affords  a  beautiful  and  much- 
frequented  promenade.  Leon  is  a  bishop's  see.  The  prin- 
cipal public  edifices  are  the  cathedral,  a  beautiful  specimen 
of  the  purest  Gothic,  with  facade  composed  of  five  richly 
sculptured  pointed  arches  and  flanked  by  two  remarkably 
elegant  towers,  the  church  of  San  Isidore,  an  ancient  and 

massive  structure,  13  other  churches,  and  4  hospitals. 

Adj.  and  inhab.  Leoxese,  lee'o-neez'. 

Leon,  the  Spanish  name  for  Lvoss. 

Leon,  Id-on',  a  town  of  Nicaragua,  adjoining  a  large 
Indian  town  called  Sabtiaba,  on  a  largo  and  fertile  plain, 
nearly  equidistant  from  Lake  Leon  or  Managua  and  the 
Pacific  Ocean.  Lat.  12°  25'  N.;  Ion.  86°  57'  W.  It  stands 
between  deep  ravines,  the  numerous  springs  in  which  fur- 
nish it  with  copious  supplies  of  pure  water,  and  covers  a 
large  area,  laid  out  on  a  regular  plan,  in  spacious  streets, 
with  intervening  squares.  The  houses,  built  of  adobes,  are 
seldom  of  more  than  one  story ;  but  each  encloses  a  spacious 
court,  planted  with  trees,  and  entered  by  a  portal,  in  the 
style  common  in  Spain,  and  profusely  and  tastefully  orna- 
mented. The  public  edifices  are  considered  among  the 
finest  in  Central  America,  and  include  a  large  and  massive 
cathedral,  crowned  by  a  lofty  central  dome ;  the  episcopal 
palace,  surrounded  by  fine  gardens;  the  churches  of  La 


Merced,  Recolcocion,  and  Calrario,  remarkable  for  theti 
site  and  their  fine  facades,  and  various  other  cliurche*;  the 
Tridentinc  college  of  St.  Ramon  ;  the  government  house,  th« 
barracks,  and  the  hospital.  The  manufactures  of  Loon  are 
confined  chiefly  to  articles  in  dressed  luutbor  and  cutlery 
and  the  trade,  owing  to  its  inland  situation,  duos  little 
more  than  supply  its  local  wants.  Leon  is  the  scat  of  s 
university.     Pop.  25,000. 

Leon,  or  Leon  de  las  Aldamas,  U-Gn'  dd  lils  M-di'. 
mis,  a  city  of  Mexico,  state  and  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Qu*. 
najuato.  It  has  manufactures  of  leather,  cottons,  woollens, 
and  saddlery,  and  is  one  of  the  moat  thriving  towns  <»f 
Mexico.     Pop.  120,000. 

Leon,  United  States  of  Colombia.    See  Qijacuba. 

Leon,  li.-On',  a  river  of  Honduras,  enters  the  Caribbean 
Soa  75  miles  W.  of  Trujillo.     Length,  30  miles, 

Leon,  li-on',  Managua,  m&-n&'gw&,  or  3Intiarea, 
mi-te-&'rd8,  a  lake  of  Nicaragua,  lat.  12°  15'  N.,  Ion.  M" 
15'  W,,  is  35  miles  in  length  by  15  miles  in  greatest  breadth. 
It  communicates  at  its  £.  end  with  Lake  Nicaragua  by  the 
river  Tipitapa. 

Leon,  lee'dn,  a  northern  county  of  Florida,  borders  on 
Georgia.  Area,  about  910  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  oa 
the  W.  by  the  Ocklockonoee  River.  The  surface  is  unda- 
iating,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  ii 
fertile.  Cotton,  sugar-cane,  and  Indian  corn  are  ti)e  stiiple 
products,  and  rich  deposits  of  phosphates  are  found  here. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Florida  Central  <!;  Penin- 
sular Railroad.  Capital,  Tallahassee,  which  is  also  the  cap- 
ital  of  Florida.  Pop.  in  1870,  16,238;  in  1880,  19,662;  fn 
1890,  17,752. 

Leon,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
area  of  about  1000  square  miles.  It  is  boundi'd  on  the  E. 
by  the  Trinity  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Navasodu  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively  covered  with 
forests,  in  which  the  pine,  live-oak,  sycamore,  maple,  and 
walnut  abound.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  cattle,  muiie, 
and  pork  are  the  staples.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
International  &,  Great  Northern  Railroad.  Capital,  Centra 
ville.    Pop.  in  1870,  6523 ;  in  1880, 12,817 ;  in  1890, 13,84L 

Leon,  a  post-oflice  of  Crenshaw  co.,  Ala. 

Leon,  a  post-office  of  Whiteside  co.,  111.,  about  16  miles 
S.  of  Morrison. 

Leon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Decatur  co.,  Iowa,  it 
Centre  township,  about  65  miles  S.  of  Des  Moines,  and  34 
miles  S.W.  of  Chariton.  It  is  connected  with  Chariton  by 
a  branch  of  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad.  It 
has  a  national  bank,  3  churches,  a  high  school,  and  2  or  I 
newspaper  ofiices. 

Leon,  a  township  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  1110. 

Leon,  a  post-village  in  Leon  township,  Cattaraugus  oo« 
N.Y.,  is  in  a  valley  between  high  hills,  about  30  miles  N.E. 
of  Jamestown,  and  22  miles  S.E.  of  Dunkirk.  It  has  8 
churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1201. 

Leon,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0.,  oi 
the  railroad  from  Ashtabula  to  Oil  City,  Pa.,  3  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Andover  Junction.     It  has  a  church. 

Leon,  or  James  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  M.adison  co., 
Va.,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Culpeper.  The  name  of  its  post-offiee 
is  Leon. 

Leon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mnson  oo.,  W,  Va..  on  the 
Kanawha  River,  12  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Point  Pleasant, 
and  about  20  miles  S.  of  Pomeroy,  0.     It  has  2  churches. 

Leon,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  AVis.,  in  Leon  town- 
ship, 5  miles  S.  of  Sparta,  and  24  miles  E.  by  N.  of  La  Crosse. 
The  township  has  3  churches,  and  a  pop.  of  742. 

Leon,  a  township  of  Waushara  oo.,  Wis.     Pop.  842. 

Leona,  or  Rio  Leona,  ree'o  li-o'ni,  a  river  of  Texas, 
rises  in  Uvalde  co.,  runs  S.E.  through  Zavalla  co.,  and 
enters  Rio  Frio  10  miles  S.  of  Frio  Town. 

Leo'na,  a  station  on  the  Mobile  &,  Alabama  Grand 
Trunk  Railroad,  39  miles  N.  of  Mobile,  Ala. 

Leona,  a  post-hamlet  of  Doniphan  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
St.  Joseph  &  Denver  City  Railroad,  29  miles  W.  of  St 
Joseph.     It  has  a  church. 

Leona,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  in  Spring- 
field township,  about  22  miles  S.  of  Elmira,  N.Y.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Leona,  a  post-hamlet  of  Leon  co.,  Tex.,  about  42  miles 
N.W.  of  Huntsville. 

Leonard,  len'ard,  a  post-office  of  Ilarlan  co.,  Ky. 

Leonard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co..  Mo.,  about  65 
miles  W.  of  Hannibal.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Leonardsburg,  len'ardz-burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Del- 
aware CO.,  0.,  at  Eden  Station  on  the  Cleveland,  Columbus, 
Cincinnati  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  30  miles  N.  of  Columbus. 
It  has  a  church. 


LEO 


1637 


LEP 


Leonard's  Crossing,  a  station  in  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  on 

to  Belfast  <fc  Moosehead  Lake  Railroad,  4  miles  S.E.  of 

ursbam. 

iLeonardsville,  len'ardz-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mon- 

outh  CO.,  N.J.,  in  Middletown  township,  2  miles  from  the 

cw  Jersey  Southern  Railroad. 

JLeonardsville,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y., 

I  Brookfield  township,  on  the  Unadilla  River,  about  22 

ilea  S.  of  Utica.  It  has  a  union  school,  2  churohes,  a 
fundry,  and  a  carriage-factory.  Pop.  about  300. 
iLeonardtown,  Icn'ard-town,  a  post-village,  capital 
r  St.  Mary's  co.,  Md.,  is  near  the  estuary  of  the  Potomac, 
!ith  which  it  is  connected  by  an  inlet  or  creek  called 
[riton's  Bay,  about  76  miles  S.  of  Baltimore,  and  2  miles 
bm  the  Southern  Maryland  Railroad.  It  has  a  fine  court- 
»usc,  a  newspaper  office,  3  churches,  a  female  academy, 
hd  a  coach-factory.  Pop.  about  750. 
j  Leonardville,  len'ard-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene 
p.,  Pa.,  10  miles  W.  of  Waynesburg.  It  has  a  grist-mill. 
j  Leonberg,  14'on-b5R«\  a  town  of  WUrtemberg,  8  miles 
7.N.W.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  2231. 

!  Le'on  Creek,  Bexar  co.,  Tex.,  runs  southward,  and 
pters  the  Medina  or  San  Antonio  River  about  12  miles  S. 
if  San  Antonio. 

!  Leondari,  lA'cn-di^ree,  lieontari,  Id'on-tiVee,  or 
Londari,  lon-di'ree  (anc.  Lenc'tra  ?),  a  town  of  Greece, 
\i  Morea,  near  the  head  of  the  Rouphia  (ano.  Alpheua),  18 
piles  S.W.  of  Tripolitza. 

I  Leonessa,  li-o-n^s'sS,,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
iquila,  12i  miles  N.  of  Civita  Duoale,  on  the  Corno.  It 
lonsists  of  an  aggregation  of  villages  in  a  mountain-ravine, 
i'op.  5451. 

teonforte,  li-on-fon'ti,  or  Lionforte,  le-on-fon'ti, 
i  town  of  Sicily,  49  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Catania.  It 
f  situated  in  a  mountainous  district,  is  enclosed  by  walls, 
jnd  carries  on  a  considerable  trade  in  corn,  wine,  silk, 
jsphaltum,  and  sulphur.  Pop.  12,010. 
I  Leoni,  lo-o'n§,  a  post-haralet  of  Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  in 
iieoni  township,  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  7  miles 
!.  of  Jackson.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  Hour-mill.  Pop. 
f  the  township,  1515. 

Leoni,  a  post-office  of  Cannon  co.,  Tenn. 

Leonia,  le-o'ne-a,  a  post-village  and  station  of  Bergen 
o.,  N.J.,  on  the  Northern  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  12  miles 
L  of  New  York. 

Leonidas,  le-on'^-das,  a  post-village  of  St.  Joseph  co., 
lich.,  in  Loonidas  township,  on  Nottawa  Creek,  6  miles  N. 
|f  Colon,  and  24  miles  S.S.E.  of  Kalamazoo.  It  has  water- 
'ower,  a  church,  a  graded  school,  2  flour-mills,  and  2  saw- 
iiills.  Pop.  about  300 ;  of  the  township,  1423. 
I  JLeonil,  li-o-neel',  a  village  of  the  United  States  of 
Jrazil,  state  of  Matto-Grosso,  on  the  Guapore,  lat.  12°  30' 
;.,  Ion.  64°  W.     Pop.  1000. 

I  Leonine  (le'o-nin)  City,  that  part  of  Rome  N.  of  the 
ji'iber,  in  which  stand  the  Vatican  palace  and  basilica:  so 
jailed  in  honor  of  Popes  Leo  III.  and  Leo  IV.,  who  fortified 
ind  embellished  it. 

1  Le'on  River,  Texiis,  rises  in  a  ridge  called  the  Leon 
jUver  Mountains,  runs  southeastward  through  Comanche, 
jlamilton,  and  Coryell  cos.,  and  unites  with  Lampasas 
jireek  in  Boll  co.  The  stream  formed  by  this  confluence, 
pmetimes  called  Little  River,  runs  eastward  through  Milam 
jo.,  and  enters  the  Brazos  River.  The  length  of  the  Leon 
jliver  is  estimated  at  250  miles. 

^  Leon  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bexar  co.,  Tex.,  19 
iiiles  N.N.W.  of  San  Antonio,  is  visited  by  many  invalids. 

Lcontari,  a  town  of  Greece.     See  Leondari. 

Leoutium,  or  Leontini,  Sicily.     See  Lk.vtixi. 
I  Leontium,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Lientz. 
:  Le'onville  (Fr.  pron.  lVo>-<>H'cel'),  a  post-hamlet  of  St. 
jjandry  parish.  La.,  on  Bayou  Teche,  8  miles  E.  of  Grand 
loteau. 

Leo'paa,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Kansas,  about  16 
iiiles  N.E.  of  Clay  Centre. 

!  Leopard,  lep'ard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  2 
jiiles  from  Paoli  Station,  and  9  miles  S.W.  of  Norristown. 
I  Leopold,  lee'o-pold,  a  cape  on  the  W,  coast  of  Baffin's 
iJay,  lat.  75°  47'  N.,  Ion.  78°  10'  W, 

Leopold,  or  Leopolis,  Galicia.    See  Lemberg. 

Leopold,  lee'o-pold,  a  post-village  of  Perry  co.,  Ind., 
[n  Leopold  township,  about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Cannelton. 
ji  t  has  a  chapel  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  of  the  township,  862. 
i  Leopold,  a  port  of  North  America,  ne.ar  the  N.W.  en- 
jranco  of  Prince  Regent's  Inlet  from  Barrow's  Strait,  in  lat. 
3°  50'  N.,  Ion.  90°  10'  W. 

Leopoldau,  li-o'pol-dSw,  a  village  of  Lower  Austria, 

miles  N.N.E.  of  Vienna. 


Le'opold  Island,  in  Barrow's  Strait,  North  America, 
lat.  74°  3'  N.,  Ion.  89°  53'  AV. 

Leopolduva,  14-op'ol-dov'6h,  a  village  of  Hungary, 
in  Banat,  near  the  Danube.     Pop.  2378. 

Leopoldstadt,  lA-o'pold-statt\  a  suburb  of  Vienna, 
Austria,  on  an  island  in  the  Danube.     Pop.  89,923. 

Leopoldstadt  (liun.  Leopoldvar,  Id'opVjldS-aR'),  a 
strongly  fortified  town  of  Hungary,  90  miles  N.W.  of  Pesth, 
on  the  Wang.     Pop.  1680, 

Leopolis,  le-op'o-lis,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shawano  co., 
Wis.,  in  Herman  township,  35  miles  N.  of  New  London. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Leoti,  le-o'ti,  a  post-village  of  Wichita  co.,  Kansas, 
138  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Great  Bend.  It  is  in  a  fine  agri- 
cultural region,  has  several  churches  and  business  concerns, 
and  3  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  about  500. 

Leo'to  Land'ing,  post-office,  Washington  co.,  Miss. 

Leovardia,  the  Latin  name  of  Leeuwahden. 

Leovo,  li-o'vo,  a  town  of  South  Russia,  in  Bessarabia, 
on  the  Pruth,  50  miles  S.W.  of  Kishenev.     Pop.  2000. 

Le  Palais,  l§h  piMi',  a  seaport  town  of  France,  in 
Morbihan,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  island  of  Belle  Isle.  P.  2823. 

Le  Palais,  a  town  of  France,  in  Basses-Pyr6n6es,  25 
miles  S.E.  of  Bayonne.     Pop.  1579, 

Lcpanto,  le-pan'to  or  U-pAn'to,  called  also  ]Epacto, 
i-pik'to  (anc.  Naujiac'tus),  a  seaport  town  of  Greece,  in 
iEtolia,  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  Gulf  of  Lepanto,  12  miles 
N.E.  of  Patras.  It  was  anciently  of  considerable  impor- 
tance, stood  a  siege,  in  1475,  from  the  Turks,  and  is  mem- 
orable for  the  naval  battle  fought  within  the  gulf,  in 
1571,  between  the  Ottoman  fleet  and  the  combined  fleets  of 
the  Christian  states  of  the  Mediterranean,  under  Don  John 
of  Austria,  when  the  former  was  destroyed.     Pop.  4326. 

Lepanto,  Gulf  of.    See  Gulf  of  Corinth. 

Lepanto,  Strait  of,  the  entrance  to  the  Gulf  of  Cor- 
inth, Greece,  at  its  narrowest  part  about  1  mile  across,  and 
defended  by  a  castle  on  either  side.  Here,  on  8th  October, 
1571,  the  fleet  under  Don  John  of  Austria  totally  defeated 
that  of  the  Turks. 

Le  Passage,  l?h  pis^sizh',  a  village  of  France,  in  Lot- 
et-Garonne,  on  the  Garonne,  near  Agen.     Pop.  1421. 

Lepe,  Id'p^,  a  tovrn  of  Spain,  province  and  11  miles 
W.  of  Huelva,  near  the  Atlantic.     Pop.  3797. 

Lepel,  or  New  Lepel,  U-])dl',  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  of  Vitebsk,  on  Lake  Bereshta,  62  miles  W.S.W, 
of  Vitebsk.  Pop.  4640.  Old  Lepel  is  about  3  miles  N.W. 
of  New  Lepel. 

Le  Pellerin,  l?h  pSri^h-r&N"',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Loire-Inferieure,  9  miles  AV.  of  Nantes.     Pop.  1833. 

Lep'ers'  (or  Lepreux,  14-pruh')  Isle,  one  of  the 
New  Hebrides,  Pacific,  between  Espiritu  Santo  and  Aurora. 
Lat.  15°  22'  S. ;  Ion.  107°  54'  E. 

Le  Petit  Quevilly,  l?h  peh-tee'  k^h-vee^ee',  a  vil- 
lage of  Franco,  in  Seine-Infurieure,  on  the  Seine,  2J  miles 
from  Rouen.  It  has  manufactures  of  chemical  products, 
cotton,  and  soap.     Pop.  5719. 

L'Epiphanie,  U'pee'fi'nee',  a  post-village  in  L'As- 
somption  co.,  Quebec,  near  the  river  Achigan,  5  miles  N.W. 
of  L'Assoraption.  It  possesses  good  water-power,  and  has 
a  furniture-factory,  grist-,  saw-,  and  carding-mills,  and  sev- 
eral stores.     Pop.  800. 

Lcpontine  Alps,  Europe.     See  Alps. 

Lepreaux,  l^h-pro',  a  post-village  in  Charlotte  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  25  miles  W.S.W.  of  St. 
John.  It  has  a  light-house,  lat.  45°  3'  40"  N.,  Ion.  66° 
44'  10"  W.     Pop.  200. 

Leprosum,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Levroux. 

Lepseny,  16p*shin',  or  Lepsin,  Ifip^sbeen',  a  village 
of  Hungary,  17  miles  E.S.E.  of  Veszprim.     Pop.  1273. 

liCpsia,  an  island  of  Turkey.     See  Lipso. 

Leptis  Magna,  the  ancient  name  of  Lebida. 

Le  Puy,  l§h  pwee,  a  town  of  France,  capital  of  the  de 
partment  of  Haute-Loire,  68  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  L3-ons, 
near  the  left  bank  of  the  Loire.  Pop.  19,010.  It  is  built  in 
the  form  of  an  amphitheatre  on  the  slopes  of  Mount  Anis. 
Crowning  the  mount  and  overtopping  the  houses  is  a  ver- 
tical rock  with  a  tabular  summit,  called  Rocher  Corneillo. 
Of  still  more  remarkable  appearance,  though  much  less 
lofty,  is  the  Roeher  St.  Michel,  an  isolated  conical  rock  of 
basaltic  tufa,  rising  abruptly  from  the  stream  of  the  Borne 
to  the  height  of  265  feet.  The  chief  part  of  the  town, 
rising  in  a  succession  of  terraces,  clusters  round  the  Rocher 
Corneille,  and  the  suburbs  are  built  on  the  adjacent  plain. 
The  principal  edifices  are  the  cathedral,  a  mediasval  struc- 
ture in  the  Romanesque  style,  occupying  the  highest  part 
of  the  town,  the  church  of  St.  Laurent,  containing  the  ashes 
of  the  celebrated  Da  Guesclin,  the  theatre,  an  octagonal 


LEQ 


1638 


LUR 


bailding,  the  prefecture,  And  the  maseum,  containing  Roman 
remains  and  looal  curiosities.  Le  Pay  has  a  national  col- 
lege, a  normal  lohool,  and  a  library  of  15,000  rolumes.  It 
is  the  sec  of  a  bishop,  and  possesses  A  court  of  first  resort 
and  oommoroe,  a  consulting  chamber  of  manufactures,  and 
a  diocesan  seminary.  The  town  hrui  manufactures  of  lace, 
leather,  wine,  furina,  ond  woollen  goods,  and  a  bell-foundry. 
It  was  the  capital  of  the  old  district  of  Velay. 

liCqueitio,  Id-kd'tc-o,  a  maritime  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince of  Biscay,  17  miles  E.N.B.  of  Bilbao,  on  the  Bay  of 
Biscay.    Pop.  2783.    Its  harbor  is  defended  by  several  forts. 

Le  Quesnoy,l9h  kfls'nwl',  a  fortified  town  of  France, 
in  Nord,  between  the  Ecuillon  and  the  Khonelle,  9  miles 
S.E.  of  Valenciennes.  Pop.  3499.  It  has  an  arsenal,  largo 
barracks,  military  and  civil  hospitivis,  and  manufactures 
of  cotton,  beer,  soap,  and  leather. 

Ijeqoille)  Ifh-keol',  a  post-village  in  Annapolis  oo., 
Nova  Scotia,  2  miles  from  Annapolis.     Pop.  100. 

Lequio,  l&'kwe-o,  or  Lccco,  lik'ko,  a  village  of  Italy, 
In  Piedmont,  province  of  Coni.     Pop.  1588. 

L*£rablc,  l&^nvb'l',  a  post-hamlet  of  Iroquois  co.,  111., 
about  15  miles  S.  of  Kankakee.     It  has  a  church. 

Le  Ray«  l^-rS',  a  township  of  Jefferson  oo.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
2733.     It  contains  Evans  Mills  and  Le  Raysville. 

Le  Rays'ville,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Le  Hay  township,  about  10  miles  N.E.  of  Watertown.  It 
has  about  25  houses. 

Le  Raysville,  a  post-village  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  16 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Towanda,  and  about  25  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Binghamton,  N.Y.  It  has  2  churches,  a  foundry,  a  steam 
saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  284. 

Lercara  di  Freddi,  16r-kl'r4  de  fred'dce,  a  town  of 
Sicily,  43  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Palermo,  with  sulphur- 
mines.     Pop.  9154. 

Lcrchciiberg,  a  town  of  Bavaria.    See  Lehrbrro. 

Lerchenfeld,  l5iiK'?n-ffl]t\  or  Ncu-Lerchenfcid, 
noi-lfiRK'§n-fdIt\  a  village  of  Lower  Austria,  near  Vienna, 
or  rather  one  of  its  suburbs.  It  is  well  and  regularly  built, 
and  contains  a  manufactory  of  fire-arms,  and  many  wine- 
and  beer-shops,  which  are  much  frequented  by  the  citizens 
of  the  capital.     Pop.  10,093. 

Ler'do,  a  station  in  Kern  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Southern 
Pacific  Railroad,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Bakersfield. 

Lerici,  Ifir'e-che  (anc.  E'ryx,  or  Por'tua  E'rycia),  a 
maritime  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Genoa,  on  the  Bay  of 
Spezia,  5  miles  E.S.E.  of  La  Spezia.  Pop.  5940.  It  is  de- 
fended by  a  pentagonal  castle,  and  has  a  Capuchin  mon- 
astery, the  buildings  of  an  old  Augustinian  monastery, 
several  palaces,  a  hospital,  and  a  harbor  which  is  much  fre- 
quented by  coasting-vessels.  The  fishery  employs  a  great 
number  of  the  inhabitants. 

Lcrlda,  Ifir'e-di  (Catalan,  Lleyda,  I&'e-di ;  anc.  Her'da), 
a  city  of  Spain,  Catalonia,  capital  of  the  province  of  Lerida, 
partly  on  a  hill,  on  which  it  rises  in  the  form  of  an  amphi- 
theatre, and  partly  in  a  plain,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Segre,  here  crossed  by  a  handsome  stone  bridge,  at  a  rail- 
way junction,  84  miles  W.N.W.  of  Barcelona.  As  the  key 
of  Aragon  and  Catalonia,  it  is  one  of  the  most  important 
military  points  in  Spain,  and  possesses  great  strength,  being 
surrounded  by  walls  flanked  with  bastions  and  by  a  wet 
fosse,  and  defended  by  a  castle  and  several  batteries.  The 
principal  edifices  are  the  old  cathedral,  presenting  a  curious 
mixture  of  styles,  the  new  cathedral,  of  the  Corinthian  order, 
the  church  of  San  Lorenzo,  a  very  ancient  building,  the 
church  of  San  Juan,  attributed  to  the  time  of  Constantine 
the  Great,  the  episcopal  palace,  the  town  house,  court-house, 
and  prison,  the  Iiistituto,  the  seminary,  the  normal  school, 
theatre,  baths,  and  civil  and  military  hospitals.  Lerida, 
in  the  wars  between  the  Carthaginians  and  the  Romans, 
adhered  to  the  former,  and  suffered  much  from  both.  In 
its  vicinity  Scipio  gained  a  signal  victory  over  Hanno, 
and  Julius  Caesar  defeated  Afranius  and  Petreius,  Pompey's 
lieutenants.  After  the  departure  of  the  Romans  it  fell  into 
the  hands  of  the  Goths.  It  was  long  in  the  possession  of 
the  Moors,  from  whom  it  was  taken  by  Raymond  Berenger, 
King  of  Aragon,  and  continued  for  several  centuries  after 
to  be  the  capital  of  his  kingdom.     Pop.  19,597. 

Lerida,  a  mountainous  province  of  Spain,  Catalonia, 
bounded  N.  by  France  and  Andorra.  Area,  4775  square 
miles.     Pop.  330,348. 

Lerin,  li-reen',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Navarre, 
84  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pamplona.  Pop.  2000.  It  stands  on  a 
plain  near  an  affluent  of  the  Ebro. 

L6rins  (lA'riu"')  Isles  (anc.  Leri'nse  In'$ulm),  a  group 
of  islands  in  the  Mediterranean,  belonging  to  France,  de- 
partment of  Var,  near  the  coast,  chief  among  which  are  the 
islands  of  Sainte-Marguerite  and  Saint-Uonorat,  the  first  of 


which  was  the  prison  of  the  "  man  with  the  iron  mask  " 
and  has  now  a  military  prison;  and  the  second  was  the  seat 
of  the  famous  monastery  and  divinity  school  of  L6rins. 

Lerma,  ldR'm&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  23  milei 
S.  of  Burgos.  Pop.  1995.  It  has  a  palace,  built  by  the 
Cardinal  Duke  de  Lerma,  minister  of  Philip  III. 

Lero,  lA'ro  (anc.  Le'rot),  a  small  Turkish  island  of  tb« 
J5gean  Sea,  off  the  coast  of  Asia  Minor,  35  miles  S.  of  Samoi. 
Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  6  miles ;  greatest  breadth,  4  miloi. 
Pop.  about  2000.  On  its  N.  side  is  a  tolerable  port,  and  on 
its  £.  the  town  of  Lero,  with  a  ruined  castle. 

Le  Robert,  a  town  of  Martinique.     See  Rodkrt. 

Le  Rose,  li  ro'sA,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  7 
miles  N.  of  Cosenza.     Pop.  1660. 

Le  Roy,  a  township  of  Boone  oo..  III.,  on  the  Wisoon- 
sin  line.     Pop.  1002. 

Leroy,  a  post-village  of  McLean  co..  111.,  in  Empire 
township,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  <fc  AVestern 
Railroad,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Bloomington.  It  has  a  news- 
paper  office,  2  or  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  money-order  post- 
ofiice,  a  large  public  school,  and  a  plough-factory.     P.  1088. 

Le  Roy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Colum- 
bus, Chicago  &  Indiana  Central  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of 
Crown  Point. 

Le  Roy,  a  township  of  Audubon  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  151. 

Le  Roy,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  (ex- 
clusive of  Blairstown)  1082. 

Le  Roy,  a  post-hamlet  in  Lo  Roy  township,  Bremer  eo., 
Iowa,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Waverly.  The  township  is  drained 
by  the  Wapsipinicon  River.     Pop.  of  township,  379. 

Le  Roy,  a  post-village  of  Coffey  co.,  Kansas,  in  LeRoy 
township,  on  the  Neosho  River,  and  on  the  Neosho  division 
of  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  39  miles  S.E. 
of  Emporia,  and  6  miles  N.W.  of  Neosho  Falls.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  brewery,  and  2  saw-  and  grist-mills.  Pop.  410; 
of  the  township,  727. 

Le  Roy,  a  township  of  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1207. 

Le  Roy  (Webberville  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  and  station 
of  Ingham  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  N.  line  of  Lo  Roy  township, 
and  on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  &,  Northern  Railroad,  19  miles 
E.  by  S.  of  Lansing.     Pop.  of  Le  Roy  township,  1205. 

Le  Roy,  a  post-village  in  LeRoy  township,  Osceola  co,, 
Mich.,  on  the  Grand  Rapids  k  Indiana  Railroad,  79  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Grand  Rapids,  and  16  miles  S.  of  Cadillac.  It 
has  a  church,  2  large  lumber-mills,  and  an  active  trade  in 
pine  lumber  and  cedar  posts.     Pop.  of  township,  819. 

Le  Roy,  a  township  of  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  920. 

Le  Roy,  a  post-village  of  Mower  co.,  Minn.,  in  Le  Roy 
township,  on  the  Upper  Iowa  River,  and  on  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul  Railroad,  26  miles  E.S.E.  of  Austin, 
and  23  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Cresco,  Iowa.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
bank,  and  a  newspaper  oflSce.  Pop.  about  500  j  of  the  town- 
ship, 1096. 

Le  Roy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barton  co..  Mo.,  about  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Nevada,  and  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Fort  Scott. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  steam  flonring-mill. 

Le  Roy,  a  post-village  of  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Lo  Roy 
township,  on  Oatka  or  Allen's  Creek,  and  on  a  branch  of 
the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of  Batavia, 
52  miles  E.  of  Buffalo,  and  about  24  miles  S.W.  of  Roches- 
ter. It  has  a  station  on  the  Attica  Branch  of  the  Eric  Rail- 
road and  one  on  the  Rochester  &,  State  Line  Railroad.  Le 
Roy  contains  7  churches,  the  Le  Roy  Academic  Institute,  a 
national  bank,  1  other  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  manufac- 
tures of  carriages  and  of  stoves,  and  a  large  school  for  girls, 
styled  the  Ingham  University.  Here  is  the  Staunton  Con- 
servatory, in  which  are  numerous  paintings,  a  cabinet  of 
minerals,  Ac.     Pop.  2634 ;  of  the  township,  4754. 

Le  Roy,  a  township  of  Lake  co.,  0.     Pop.  811. 

Le  Roy,  a  post-village  of  Medina  co.,  0.,  in  Westfield 
township,  about  36  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Cleveland,  and  18 
miles  N.  of  Wooster. 

Le  Roy,  a  post-village  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  in  Le  Roy 
township,  on  Towanda  Creek,  8  miles  E.  of  Canton,  and 
about  32  miles  S.  of  Elmira,  N.Y.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and 
2  saw-mills.  Coal  is  mined  3  miles  from  this  place.  The 
township  contains  3  churches  and  a  pop.  of  1144. 

Leroy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham  co.,  Va.,  5  milei 
E.  of  Weyer's  Cave  Station. 

Le  Roy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  W.  Va.,  16  milei 
N.  of  Jackson  Court-House. 

Le  Roy,  a  township  of  Dodge  co.,  Wis.,  14  miles  S.S.W 
of  Fond  du  Lac,  and  bounded  W.  by  Horicon  Lake.    P.  1597. 

Leroy,  a  station  in  Uintah  co.,  Wyoming,  on  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad,  37  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Evanston. 

Le  Roy'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Audubon  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Le  Roy  township,  20  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Adair. 


LER 


1639 


m& 


Lers,  IfiR,  a  river  of  France,  which,  after  a  course  of 
above  70  miles,  joins  the  Ari6ge  above  Cintegabelle. 

Ler'ton,  a  post-ofiSce  of  Hamilton  co.,  Neb.,  10  miles 
N.  of  Harvard. 

r  Lerwick,  Iftr'rik,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  and  the  chief 
town  of  the  Shetland  Islands,  Mainland,  on  Bressay  Sound, 
51  miles  N.N.B.  of  Sumburgh  Head.  Its  people  are  em- 
ployed in  the  fisheries  and  in  manufactures  of  straw  plait. 
It  is  defended  by  a  fort,  and  is  the  seat  of  the  Shetland 
Courts  of  law.     Pop.  3516. 

i  Lesa,  li'si  (L.  Le'aia),  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
bfovara,  7  miles  S.  of  Pallanza.  Pop.  1739. 
1  Les  Ablmes,  I4z  i'beem',  a  town  of  the  French  colony 
lof  Guadeloupe,  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Grande-Terre,  3  miles 
jfrom  La  Pointe-a,-Pltre.  It  has  a  reform  school.  Pop.  of 
^commune,  5381. 

I    Lesaca,  ld,-s3,'ki,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre,  28  miles 
lN.  of  Pamplona.     Pop.  2303.     It  has  iron-works, 
r  Lesage's,  l?-saj'iz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cabell  co.,  W.  Va., 
jon  the  Ohio  River,  7  miles  N.  of  Cabell  Court-House.    It 
ibas  a  church. 

i  Les  AllueSjliz  iriii'  (L.  Allodia),  a  village  of  France, 
&n  Savoy,  5  miles  S.  of  Moutiers.  Pop.  1020. 
I  Les  Andelys,  \kz  finoMlee',  a  town  of  France,  formed 
jby  the  union  of  Great  and  Little  Andely,  in  Eure,  20  miles 
iN.E.  of  Evreux,  and  near  the  Seine,  .  Pop.  3257.  Near 
'Little  Andely  are  the  ruins  of  an  old  fortress  built  by 
JRichard  Coeur-de-Lion. 

Les  Anses  d'Arlet,  West  Indies.  See  Anse  d'Arlet. 
I  Les  Arcs,  liz  aRk,  a  town  of  France,  in  Var,  at  a  rail- 
jvray  junction,  8  miles  S,  of  Draguignan.  It  has  a  mineral 
upring.    Pop.  2198, 

Les  Aubiers,  liz  o'be-ain',  a  town  of  France,  in  Deux- 
Sfivres,  9  mile?  N.W,  of  Bressuire,  Pop.  1182.  It  has 
(manufactures  of  linens,  handkerchiefs,  and  cotton  yarn. 

Le  Sauk,  a  township  of  Stearns  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  246. 

Les  Batignolles,  France.    See  Batignolles, 
\    Les  Bois,  li  bwi  (Ger,  Rudisholz,  roo'dis-hAlts),  a  vil- 
|lago  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  26  miles  W,N.W.  of  Bern, 
on  the  Jura  Mountains,     Pop,  1697, 

Les  Hordes,  li  bond,  a  town  of  France,  in  Ari^ge,  12 
miles  W.  of  Pamiers.     Pop.  1200, 
[    Lesbos,  in  the  -S!gean  Sea.    See  Mitylene. 
I    Les  Bouchoux,  \k  boo^shoo',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Jura,  6i  miles  S.S.W.  of  Saint-Claude.     Pop.  1072. 
I    Les  Brenets,  li  br^h^ni,',  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
Icanton  and  12  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Neufchatel,  on  the  Doubs, 
iwhich  here  forms  a  cascade  85  feet  in  height.     Pop,  1640, 
(    Les  Brotteaux,  li  brotHo',  a  hamlet  of  France,  arron- 
idissement  of  Lyons,  of  which  it  forms  a  suburb, 
I    Lescar,  U^kau'  (ano.  Bertcar'numf),  a  town  of  France, 
lin  Basses-Pyr6n6es,  4  miles  N,W,  of  Pau,     Pop,  1827, 
I    Les  Caunes,  li,  kon,  a  town  of  France,  in  Aude,  11 
imiles  N.E,  of  Carcassonne,     Pop,  2390.     It  has  distilleries, 
[dye-works,  and  marble-works ;  and  quarries  of  fine  marble 
iaro  wrought  in  its  immediate  vicinity, 
1    Les  Cayes,  a  town  of  Hayti.    See  Aux  Cayes. 
j    Les  Chapelles,  li  shi^pfill',  a  village  of  France,  in 
[Savoy,  2  miles  from  Bourg-Saint-Maurice,     Pop.  861. 
I    !|ieschnitz,  lesh'nits,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  21 
jmiJes  S.S.E.  of  Oppeln,     Pop.  1439. 

>,  Lescure,  ISs'kiiR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Tarn,  2  miles 
iN.E.  ofAlby.     Pop.  2019. 

[    Lescure,  a  village  of  France,  in  Ari6ge,  5  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Saint-Girons.     Pop.  1422. 
I    Les  Cygnes,  Kansas.    See  La  Cygne. 
I    Les  Eaux-Bonnes,  France.    See  Eaux-Bonnes. 
j    Les  Eaux-Chaudes.    See  Eaux-Chaudes. 
I    Les  Eboulemcns,  liz  i^boorm6x»',  a  post-village  and 
[river-port  in  Charlevoix  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the 
jSt.  Lawrence,  69  miles  below  Quebec.     It  is  at  the  foot  of 
[Mount  Eboulemens,  2547  feet  high. 

j  Les  Echelies,  liz  i'shill'  (t.e.,  "the  stairs"),  a  Til- 
lage of  France,  in  Savoy,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Chamb6ry,  on 
!the  Guiers.  It  is  named  from  the  stairs  which  formerly 
lexisted  here,  and  which  have  been  replaced  by  a  road  cut 

iin  the  mountain. 
Les  Ecnreuils,liz  i^kiiVuI',  a  post-village  and  river- 
port  in  Portneuf  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  St.  Law- 
jrence,  25  miles  above  Quebec.     Pop.  200. 

Lesegno,  li-sin'yo,  or  Lezegno,  iSd-zin'yo,  a  vil- 
llage  of  Italy,  8  miles  from  Mondovi.     Pop.  1589. 
■     Les  Escoumains,  liz  fis^koo^miu"',  a  post-village  in 
jSaguenay  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence, 
[27  miles  below  Tadousac. 

i  Les  Essarts,  liz  Ss^saR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vendue, 
10  miles  N.E.  of  La  Roche-sur-Yon.     Pop.  765. 


Les  Gets,  li  zhi  (L.  Jac'tus),  a  village  of  France,  in 
Savoy,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Taninge.     Pop.  1262. 

Lesghians,  les'ghe-anz,  a  people  of  the  Eastern  Cau- 
casus, formerly  distinguished  for  their  hostility  to  Russia, 
to  which  country  they  are  now  subject.  They  speak  several 
very  different  languages,  and  are  mostly  believers  in  a  kind 
of  Mohammedanism. 

Les  GI6nans,  France.    See  Gl£nans. 

Les  Gonaives,  Hayti.    See  Gonaives. 

Les  Grandes  Ventes,  li  gr6Kd  viNt,  a  village  of 
France,  Seine- Inffirieure,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Dieppe.    P.  1844. 

Les  Herbiers,  a  town  of  France,    See  Uerbieiis. 

Lesia,  the  Latin  name  of  Lesa. 

Lesignano  di  Bagni,  li-seen-yi'no  dee  bin'yeo,  a 
village  of  Northern  Italy,  14  miles  S.W,  of  Parma.  It  is 
celebrated  for  its  mineral  springs.     Pop.  3006, 

Lesignano  di  Palmia,  li-seen-yi'no  dee  p&l'me-i, 
a  village  of  Italy,  on  the  Baganza,  18  miles  S.S,AV.  of 
Parma.     Pop,  3156. 

Lesina,  15s'e-ni  (anc.  Pha'ros  or  Pha'rua  In'sula),  an 
island  of  Dalmatia,  23  miles  S.E,  of  Spalato,  in  the  Adri- 
atic, between  the  islands  of  Brazza  and  Curzola,  Length, 
40  miles;  breadth,  from  2  to  6  miles.  Pop,  13,000,  Prin- 
cipal products,  figs,  wine,  marble,  anchovies,  and  rosemary 
oil.  Chief  towns,  Citta  Vecchia  and  Lesina,  a  bishop's  see, 
on  the  S,W.  coast.     Pop.  2820. 

Lesina,  li-see'ni,  a  town  of  South  Italy,  province  and 
29  miles  N.W.  of  Foggia,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  Lake  of 
Lesina.     Pop.  1323.    See  Lake  op  Lesina, 

Les  Isles  Bonchards,  liz  eel  boo'shaR',  several 
islands  on  the  S,  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  between  Ver- 
chfires  and  Contrecoeur,  Quebec, 

Les^kard',  a  post-village  in  Durham  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Spring  Creek,  10  miles  N.  of  Newcastle,  It  has  good  water- 
power,  with  mills  and  factories.     Pop,  200, 

Leskau,  ISs'kSw,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  circle  and 
W,N,W,  of  Pilsen.     Pop.  1000. 

Leskeard,  a  borough  of  England.    See  Liskeard. 

Leslie,  Idz'lee,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife,  12  miles 
by  rail  S.AV.  of  Cupar-Fife.  It  has  cotton-mills  and  linen- 
works.     Pop.  3763, 

Leslie,  les'l^,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas,  about 
10  miles  N.E.  of  Hutchinson. 

Leslie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.,  Ky.,  35  miles 
from  Glasgow.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  <fec, 

Leslie,  a  post-village  in  Leslie  township,  Ingham  co,, 
Mich,,  on  the  Jackson,  Lansing  <fc  Saginaw  Railroad,  15 
miles  N,  of  Jackson,  and  22  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Lansing,  It 
has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  4  churches, 
a  foundry,  a  tannery,  2  planing-mills,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw- 
mill, 2  stave-  and  heading-mills,  and  8  flowing  mineral 
wells.     Pop.  about  1500;  of  the  township,  2615, 

Leslie,  a  post-office  of  Van  Wert  co.,  0. 

Leslie  Run,astation  in  Carbon  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh 
<fc  Susquehanna  Railroad,  19  miles  N.  of  Mauch  Chunk. 

Leslieville,  les'lee-vil,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  On- 
tario, 2  J  miles  from  Toronto.  It  contains  nurseries  covering 
150  acres,  several  brick-fields,  and  8  stores.     Pop.  400. 

Les  Loges,  a  village  of  France.    See  Loges. 

Lesmahagow,  Ids-ma-hi'go,  or  Abbey  Green,  a 
village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  6  miles  W.S.W,  of  Lanark,  on 
the  Clyde,     The  parish  has  mines  of  excellent  gas-coal. 

Les  Marquises,  the  French  for  Marquesas  Islands. 

Les  Martigues,  a  town  of  France,    See  Martigues. 

Les  Mees,  li  mi,  a  town  of  France,  in  Basses-Alpes, 
14  miles  W.S,W,  of  Digne,     Pop.  1601. 

Lesmo,  Ifis'mo,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  15  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Milan,  near  the  Lambro,     Pop.  1937. 

Les  Moulins,  li  mooMi^'^',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Nord,  a  suburb  of  Lille. 

Lesneven,  li*n?h-v6>'<''  (anc.  Evenop'oHaf),  a  town  of 
France,  department  of  Finistere,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Brest. 
Pop.  2437.     It  has  a  large  naval  hospital. 

Lesno,  lis'no,  a  town  of  Lombardy,  11  miles  S.  of 
Brescia.     Pop.  3400. 

Lesparre,  Ifis'paR',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Gironde,  37  miles  N.W.  of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  2442. 

Les  Pyramides,  the  French  for  the  Pyramid.s. 

L'Esquillade,  Ifis-keeryid',  a  small  island  in  the 
Mediterranean,  Hydres  group,  near  the  coast  of  France. 
Lat.  43°  3'  N.;  Ion.  6°  36'  E. 

Les  Riceys,  li  ree^si',  three  contiguous  villages  of 
France,  forming  together  a  town,  in  Aube,  on  the  Laignes, 
7i  miles  S.  of  Bar-sur-Seine.     Pop.  2755. 

Les  Rousses,  li  rooss,  a  village  of  France,  in  Jura, 
20  miles  N.  of  Geneva.  It  has  a  custom-house  and  manu- 
factures of  watches.     Pop.  425. 


LBS 


MM 


UMT. 


I<eii>n«  lic'ii,  ft  toftport  villag«  of  Portu^l,  proviio* 
of  Minho,  4  miloa  N.  of  0]>orto. 
Lc«  tiiiblvt,  or  Lob  Sables-d*OIoan«,  liiib'l- 

doMonn'.  »  town  ivnJ  Maport  of  Fnutoe,  on  tb»  lUty  of  Bi«- 
«fty,  io  V«im1^«,  21  iuil«t  by  r»il  S.W.  of  La  Itoobo-sar-Yoa. 
Pop.  9188.  It  ■Utnda  furlly  oa  »  uuidy  |i«ninauU  Mid 
partly  on  itn  elevated  rook,  and  hoa  a  port  fur  veaseU  of 
about  SOU  turn.  It  has  tea-batha,  8hip>yard«,  and  important 
fiaheriea  of  aardinaa,  Ao.  Wine,  grain,  ault,  wood,  und  ttsh 
are  exported  henee. 

Lt9  Saintea*  14  aAxt,  aome  small  ialanda  of  the  French 
^Ve8t  Indiee,  off  the  S.  extremity  of  Guadeloupe,  of  wltlch 
they  are  dcpondoncios.  Aggregate  area,  9  aquure  mites. 
I'op.  15^2.  Tba  produota  oompriae  manioo,  aweot  potatoes, 
eotton,  tobaooo,  poultry,  flah,  provisions,  pottery,  and  aume 
coffee.  Among  thorn  is  one  of  the  boat  roadsteiids  in  the 
AVeat  Indtea,  strongly  fortifled.  Tbey  wore  diaooverod  by 
Columbus,  November  4,  14il5.  The  principal  isluts  are 
Torre-de-IIuut,  Torrc-do-Bas,  L'llot-il-Cikbri,  und  Unind  Ho. 

Lea  Saiutes-AIaries,  14  84i(t-m4'rce',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Uouchea-du-UhAne,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Little 
Rhone,  18  miloa  S.S.W.  of  Aries. 

Lessay*  lAs'si',  a  town  of  France,  in  Manoho,  13  milea 
N.W.  of  Coutanoee.     Pop.  1541. 

liessOi  lias  or  lA^'s^h,  a  river  of  Belgium,  joins  the 
Meuse  a  little  above  Binant.   Whole  course  under  60  milea. 

JLesse,  lAs's^h,  a  village  of  Brunswick,  12  milea  W.S.W. 
of  Brunswick.     Pop.  1170. 

Lessen,  Ids'sfn,  or  Laszyn,  l&'shin,  a  town  of  West 
Prussia,  17  milea  S.S.E.  of  Marieawordor.     Pop.  2.'542. 

Lcs'ser  Slave  Lake,  a  lake  of  Camwla,  North- West 
Territories,  about  100  miles  long,  anil  above  30  miles  broad 
at  its  broadest  part.  It  is  in  the  middle  of  a  trading  district 
known  as  that  of  Lesser  Slave  Lake,  in  extent  about  400 
miles  from  E.  to  W.,  and  200  from  N.  to  S. 

Lessincs,  l^a'soen',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Ilainaut,  on 
the  Donder,  19  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Mons.  Pop.  5658. 
It  haa  diiitilleries,  and  chicoory-  and  salt-factories. 

Les9noi-Karamu8h,lds8-noi'-k4-r4-moosh',  a  village 
of  Russia,  government  and  50  miles  S.S.W.  of  Saratov. 

Lessoe,  an  island  of  Denmark,     See  La.ioe. 

Lessolo,  Ids'so-lo,  or  Lezzolo,  Idt'so-lo,  a  town  of 
Italy,  on  the  Dora  Baltea.     Pop.  1916. 

Lessona,  lis-8o'n4,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  No- 
vara,  5  miles  from  Biella.     Pop.  1350. 

Les'son  Islaods,  the  most  E.  of  the  Schouton  Islands, 
N.  coast  of  Papua.     Lat.  3°  35'  S. ;  Ion.  144°  48'  E. 

Lester,  Marion  co.,  HI.    See  Fosterdurg. 

Les'ter,  a  small  post-hamlet  of  Black  Hawk  co.,  Iowa, 
in  Lester  township,  on  the  Wapsipinioon  Eiver,  about  13 
miles  N.E.  of  Waterloo.     Pop.  of  the  township,  947. 

Lester,  a  post-village  of  Rice  co.,  Minn.,  in  Forest 
township,  on  a  lake  (which  is  3  miles  long),  about  12  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Faribault.  It  haa  2  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  brooms,  ploughs,  and  wagons. 

Lester,  a  post-oflice  of  Merrick  co.,  Neb. 

Lester  Manor,  formerly  Fish  Haul,  a  post-hamlct 
of  King  William  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Pamunkey  River,  and  on 
the  Richmond,  York  River  &  Chesapeake  Railroad,  26  miles 
£.  of  Richmond.     It  has  a  cannery  for  tomatoes,  &o. 

Lesterps,  Ids^tainp',  a  village  of  France,  in  Charente, 
6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Confolens.     Pop.  1426. 

Les'ter's,  a  post- hamlet  of  Qilcs  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Louis- 
ville &  Great  Southern  Railroad,  42  milea  S.  of  Columbia. 
It  has  a  church. 

Lcs'terville,  a  post-office  of  Yankton  co.,  Dakota. 

Lcsterviilc,  a  post-village  of  Reynolds  co..  Mo.,  15 
miles  S.W.  of  Ironton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Le  Sueur,  I9  soo'^r,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Minne- 
sota, has  an  area  of  about  475  square  mr.es.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  the  Minnesota  River,  and  also  drained  by  the 
Ciinnon  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  a  largo  part 
of  it  is  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  oak,  sugar-maple, 
dm,  and  ash  abound.  Among  the  features  of  this  county 
are  numerous  small  lakes.  The  soil  is  calcareous  and  fer- 
tile. Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  and  oats  are  the  staples. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul.  Minneapolis  & 
Omaha  Railroad  and  the  Minnea])olis  &  St.  Louis  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Le  Sueur  Centre.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,607  j  in 
1880,  16,103;  in  1890,  19,057. 

Le  Sueur,  a  post-borough  of  Le  Sueur  co.,  Minn.,  on 
the  right  or  E.  bank  of  the  Minnesota  River,  in  a  small 
township  of  its  own  name,  12  miles  below  St.  Peter,  and  63 
miles  S.W.  of  St.  Paul  by  the  St.  Paul  &  Sioux  City  Rail- 
road. It  hoa  6  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  graded 
achool,  2  banks,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  woollen  goods, 
and  wagons.     Pop.  in  1890,  1763. 


oo„ 
luo  i-Ujii 


Le  Saeur  Centre,  an  inoorpo rated  po«t.villaR«,oap 
of  Le  Sueur  00.,  Minn.,  12  uilea  S.K.    ■   1      '      u 

Le  8nvar  lllvcr,  Minnesota,  ri  ' 
northwestward  in  IMuu  Kurth  c<>.,  iin<l 
Klvar  about  b  milea  S.W.  of  Mnukuiv. 

Leave,  lia'rfb  or  lalv  ?  a  villago  of  Belgium,  nrovil. 
and  7  milea  8.S.W.  of  Naraur.     IVp.  1040, 

Leawithiel,  a  town  of  England.    See  LoarwiTiiiic 

Leaza,  I4'a0li\  or  Lisza,  leo'aOh\  a  village  of  Tr. 
aylvania,  37  miles  S.E.  of  llermannatadt.     Pop,  1270. 

Loazno,  a  town  of  Pruaaia.    See  Li&sa. 

Leta,  Kis,  klah  14'tflh',  a  village  of  Hungary,  00.  f 
Siaboica,  near  Nyir  Biithor.     Pop.  1350. 

Leta,  Naoy,  nOdj  lA'tOb^  a  village  of  Hungary,  cuf 
Bihar,  on  the  road  to  Klauscnburg.     I'op.  6414. 

LcUart',  a  townshij)  of  Meiga  co.,  0.,  ia  a  pcninu 
formed  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  oontains  Antiouitv  \i 
Lctart  FnlU.     Pop.  1319. 

Lctart,  a  post-village  of  Maaon  co.,  W.  Va.,on  the  Oj 
River,  about  54  miles  N.N.W.  of  Charloaton.  It  ha^ 
church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Letart  Falls,  a  poat-village  of  Meigs  00.,  0.,  on  a 
Ohio  River,  about  16  miles  above  Pomemy.  It  baa  acbui 
and  a  steam  grist-mill.     IVip.  about  150. 

Letch'cr,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Kcntaoky,  I. 
dera  on  Virginia.  Area,  about  310  square  miles.  1 1 
drained  by  the  Kentucky  River,  which  risca  in  it.  '.» 
surface  is  mountainous,  and  mostly  covered  with  fore  . 
The  S.E.  boundary  of  thia  county  extend*  along  the  sum  t 
of  the  Cumberland  Mountain.  Indian  corn,  graxn,  il 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  Coal  in  found  here.  Cm  pi  , 
Whitesburg,  on  the  North  Fork  of  the  Kentucky  lUv. 
Pop.  in  1870,  4603;  in  1880,  A601 ;  in  1890,  6U2U 

Letcher,  n  post-office  of  Bath  co.,  Vo. 

Le  Tell,  l§h  t41,  a  village  of  France,  in  Ille-ot-Vilai 
17  miles  S.W.  of  Vitr6.     Pop.  2477.  T 

Lc'the,  a  post-office  of  Richmond  co,,  N.C. 

Le'them,  a  vilhige  of  Scotland,  co.  and  5  miles  E. 
Forfar.     Pop.  953. 

Leti,  lil'tee,  a  marshy  island  of  Roumania,  formed 
the  Danube  at  its  delta  between  the  Kilia  and  Soul 
mouths.     Length,  42  miles;  breadth,  20  milea. 

Leti,  or  Lettce,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Letti. 

Letitshev,  li-te-chfiv'  (Polish,  Lelyczeie,  lA-tilch'firJr 
Latyczew,  l4-titch'dv),  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Podolia,  on 
Doraznia,  a  tributary  of  the  Bug,  69  milea  N.N.E.  of  \ 
mionieo.     Pop.  4772. 

Letmathe,  lifm^H^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Wcstpl 
lia,  22  miles  W.  of  Arnsbcrg,  on  a  railway,  near  Iscrloi 
It  has  cotton-print-works  and  manufactures  of  ornauicnl 
hardware.     Pop.  of  commune,  3714. 

Le-To,  an  island  belonging  to  China,  in  the  Yell 
Sea,  off  the  peninsula  Shan-Toong.  It  has  a  good  bar 
and  a  small  town. 

LeHohatch'ee,  a  post-village  of  Lowndes  co.,  A  , 
on  the  Mobile  «fe  Montgomery  Railroad,  21  milea  S.S.\V 
Montgomery.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  250. 

Lctohatchec  Creek,  Alabama,  rung  nearly  nor- 
westward,  and  enters  the  Aliibama  River  in  Lowndes  co, 

Le  Trcport,  l^h  tri^pou',  a  seaport  town  of  Frnnce,; 
the  N.  extremity  of  the  department  of  Scinc-Inferieure,  i 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Dieppe,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Brcle  in  \\ 
English  Channel.  Pop.  3591.  It  is  a  railway  tcniiin 
and  has  a. good  artificial  port  and  a  large  fishery. 

Lctshaw,  let'shaw,  a  station  in  Northumberland  c 
Pa.,  on  the  Mahanoy  k  Shamokin  Railroad,  5  miles  N, 
of  ilcrndon. 

Lct'siiiger,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Tcnn. 

Lctte,  llt't^h,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  circle 
Kosfeld.     Pop.  1553. 

Lette,  an  island  of  the  Pacifio.    See  Lattai. 

Lettere,  16t-ti'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Xapl' 
3i  miles  E.  of  Cartel -a- Mare.     Pop.  5040. 

Let'ter  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Gilracr  co.,  W.  Va, 

Lctterhauten,  lfit't?r-how't?n,  a  village  of  Belgiu 
in  East  Flanders,  about  10  miles  E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  103 

Let'terken'ny,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Donegal, 
the  Swilly,  6i  miles  N.W.  of  Raphoe.  It  has  a  harbor 
the  head  of  Lough  Swilly,  admitting  vessels  of  150  tor 
and  a  salmon-fishery.     Pop.  2116. 

Lettcrkeny,  township,  Franklin  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  2171 

Lettermore,  an  island  near  Ireland.   Sec  Littbrmor 

Letti,  Lettce,  or  Leti,  ISt'tec,  an  i.-^land  in  tl 
Malay  Archipelago,  Serawatty  group.  Lat.  8°  20'  S.j  lo 
127°  50'  E. 

Lettowitz,  l4t'to-*its\  a  town  of  Moravia,  27  mil 
N.  of  Brunn,  on  the  Zwittau.    Pop.  2100. 


LET 


1641 


LEV 


L^ts,  or  Onon'wa,  a  post-village  of  Louisa  co.,  Iowa, 
in  (  ndview  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Kock  Island  & 
,.„ci  Railroad,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Muscatine,  It  has  a 
chui  and  a  graded  school.  Pop.  about  600.  The  name 
of  iljost-office  is  Letts. 

L  ts  Corner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind.,  10 
mile  ;.S.W.  of  Greensburg.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill, 
and  »rriage-8hop. 

rts'ville,  a  post-oflScc  of  Daviess  co.,  Ind. 

1  ur,  li-tooR',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Albacete, 
30  1  es  N.  of  Caravaca.     Pop.  1303. 

1.1  yczew,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Letitshev. 

I  .zlingcn,  Idts'ling'en,  a  village  of  Prussian  Sax- 
ony ovorninent  of  Magdeburg.     Pop.  1199. 

I  ibsdorf,  loibs'doRf,  a  village  of  Saxony,  circle  of 
Ziriau.    Pop.  1S43. 

I J  bus,  loi'boos,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia,  28  miles 
W.:  V.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  1934. 

i  iica,  Capo  di.    See  Cape  Leuca. 

J  iicadia.    See  Santa  Maura,  and  Cape  Ducato. 

lucate,  luh^kit',  a  village  of  France,  in  Aude,  near 
the  'editorranean,  18  miles  S.  of  Narbonne.  Pop.  1612. 
Th.  ake  of  Leucate,  partly  in  Aude,  is  a  lagoon,  10  miles 
in   gth. 

]  uce,  an  island.    See  Isle  of  Serpents. 

]  uchars,  lu'Karz,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife, 
on  ailway,  4  miles'  N.W.  of  St.  Andrews.     Pop.  523. 

;  uchtenberg,  loiK'ten-bSuo',  a  town  of  Bavaria,  21 
m\.  N.E.  of  Amberg,  with  a  castle.     Pop.  546. 
ucophibia,  the  ancient  name  for  Whithorn. 

.  uctra,  luk'tra,  a  village  of  Greece,  Morea,  in  La- 
coi ,  on  the  Gulf  of  Koron,  Hi  miles  N.W.  of  Tzimova, 
an  low  called  Leftro. 

,  uctra,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Leondari. 
ugast,  loi'gist,  or  Markt  Leugast,  mankt  loi'- 
gj!  a  town  of  IJavaria,  in  Upper  Franconia,  district  of 
Stjsteinach.    Pop.  1175. 

!uk,orLeuck,loik  (Fr.  Zoulcftc,  loo-5sh';  li.Leticia), 
a  age  and  bathing-place  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Va- 
la  )n  the  Rhone,  at  its  confluence  with  the  Dala,  15  miles 
E.iE.  of  Sion,  and  5000  feet  above  the  sea.     Pop.  1223. 

Suka,  loi'ki,  or  Lokenhaus,  lo'k§n-h5ws^,  a  town 
oljungary,  on  the  Gycingyos,  5  miles  from  Giins. 

!!ukerbad,  loi'k?r-bit  (Fr.  Louiche  lea  Jiains,  loo^- 
4s  1.^  bi.v),  a  village  of  Switzerland,  4  miles  N.  of  Leuk. 

jukersdorf,  loi'k^rs-doRf,  a  village  of  Saxony,  cir- 
cl  f  Zwickau,  near  Chemnitz.     Pop.  1739. 

i3Uin,loim,  atownof  Rhenish  Prussia,  38  miles  E.N.E. 
of'jblcntz,  on  the  Lahn.     Pop.  1206. 

'cupcghem,  loi'p^h-ohSm,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
El  Flanders,  on  the  Scheldt,  15  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Ghent. 
Icurbost,  a  village  of  Scotland.    See  Luiubost. 
i 'Europe.    See  Europe. 

jCutenberg,  loi't§n-b5RG\  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Sifarzburg-Rudolstadt,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rudolstadt. 

eutensdorf, loi't§ns-doRr,  Ober(o'b§r)JLeutens- 
djf,  or  Leiteusdorf,  li't§ns-doRr,  a  town  of  Bohemia, 
2:.iile8  W.N.W.  of  Leitmeritz.     Pop.  4572. 
jeutershausen,  loi't§rs-how^z?n,  a  town  of  Baden, 
cfeof  Lower  Rhine.     Pop.  1411. 

jeutershausen,  loi't§rs-how^z?n,  a  town  of  Bavaria, 
oihe  Altrauhl,  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Anspach.  Pop.  1482. 
|eutheii,  loi't§n,  several  villages  of  Germany,  one  in 
Ijssian  Silesia,  10  miles  W.  of  Breslau,  where,  December  5, 
\\\  Frederick  the  Great  defeated  the  Austrians.  P.  1082. 
:  eutkirch,  loit'klRK,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  40  miles 
Sf  Ulm.    Pop.  2797, 

|>eutnieritz,  Bohemia.    See  Leitmeritz. 
leutomischl,  Bohemia.    See  Leitomischl. 
jieutrae  Castrum.    See  Lauterburg. 
i-eutschau,  loit'show  (Hun.  Loose,   lo'chi'),  a  town 
U  lungary,  on  a  hill,  123  miles  N.E.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  6887. 
\m  once  a  place  of  great  strength,  but  its  fortifications 
^  now  dilapidated.     It  has  2  gymnasiums,  a  seminary  for 
Ij  ales,  and  an  asylum  for  the  children  of  soldiers. 
Seuven,  a  town  of  Belgium.    See  Louvain. 
iCuze,  luz,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Ilainaut,  at  a  rail- 
•  junction,  on  the  Dender,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Mons.    Pop. 
,1^,  engaged  in  dyeing,  bleaching,  brewing,  &c.      The 

In  has  a  large  silk-mill. 
*eva,  li'v6h\  or  Lewenz,  li'*5nts,  a  town  of  Hun- 
y,  on  the  Perecz,  a  tributary  of  the  Gran,  54  miles 
!f.W.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  5914. 
jtievadia,  Greece.    See  Livadta. 
(Le  Val,  l§h  vil,  a  village  of  France,  in  Var,  3  miles  N. 
iBngnolics.    Pop.  1564. 
I'e  Val-d'Ajol,  France.    See  Val-d'Ajou 
104 


Levallois-Perrct,  l^h-viPwi'-p^R-Ri',  a  northern 
suburb  of  P.-iri?,  France,  outside  the  city.     Pop.  22,733. 

Lcval-Trahegnics,  I§h-v4r-tra,'h5n'yee',  a  village 
of  Belgium,  in  Ilainaut,  13  miles  E.  of  Mons.     Pop.  2800. 

lievan',  a  post-village  of  Juab  co.,  Utah,  about  10  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Nephi.     Pop.  440. 

lievanger,  li-ving'gh^r,  a  town  of  Norway,  35  miles 
N.E.  of  Trondhjcm,  on  the  N.E.  shore  of  the  Trondhjeui- 
Fiord.  The  harbor  is  well  sheltered,  and  forms  a  kind  of 
commercial  outpost  for  Trondhjcm.     Pop.  817. 

liCvan'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  tho 
E.  shore  of  Cayuga  Lake,  and  on  the  Cayuga  Southern 
Railroad,  about  14  miles  S.AV.  of  Auburn.  Here  is  a  steam- 
boat-landing. 

licvanna,  a  post-village  of  Brown  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  9  miles  below  Maysville,  Ky.  It  has  a  planing-mill, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber,  doors,  and  sash.     Pop.  104. 

LiBvanso,  an  island  near  Sicily.    See  Levanzo. 

Levant,  l§-v5,nt'  (from  the  French  verb  lever,  to  "  rise," 
and  signifying  literally  the  "rising,"  but,  like  the  Latin 
Orieus,  denoting  the  "  East"),  a  name  of  French  derivation, 
usually  applied  to  the  eastern  coasts  of  the  Mediterranean, 
extending  from  the  western  part  of  Greece  round  to  tho 

western  border  of  Egypt. Adj.  and  inhab.  Levantine, 

lfiv*an-teen'  (It.  Levanting,  ld-vS,n-tee'no). 

Levant,  l§-v3.nt',  a  post-village  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  in 
Levant  township,  on  the  South  Branch  of  the  Kenduskeag 
River,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bangor.  It  has  several  saw- 
mills and  a  church.     Pop.  about  200;  of  townshij),  1159. 

Levant,  a  hamlet  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Ellicott 
township,  1  mile  from  Falconer  Station.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  cheese-factory. 

Levante,  lA.-vin'ti,  a  circle  in  the  E.  part  of  the  prov- 
ince of  Genoa,  Italy,  bordering  tho  Mediterranean  for  about 
45  miles.  Area,  450  square  miles.  Principal  towns.  La 
Spezia  (the  capital),  Lerici,  Levanto,  and  Sarzana. 

Levantine,  l.^-vin-teen',  or  Val  Levantine  (It.  Le~ 
vantina,  ld-vin-tee'n&),  a  narrow  valley  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton of  Ticino,  extends  from  St.  Gothard  to  tho  confluence 
of  the  Ticino  with  the  Blegno.     Length,  16  miles. 

Levanto,  lA-vin'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Genoa, 
on  a  small  bay  of  tho  Mediterranean,  18  miles  N.N.W.  of 
La  Spezia.     Pop.  4730. 

Levanzo,  Id-vin'zo,  or  Levanso  (anc.  Bneeiiia  f  or 
Pkorbantia  ?)  one  of  the  jEgades  Islands,  off  the  W.  const 
of  Sicily,  9  miles  W,  of  Trnpani.    Length,  4  miles.    P.  5500. 

Levard,  Nagy  Levard,  nodj  li'vand',  or  Gross* 
Schiitzen,  grocc-shiit's^n,  a  town  of  Hungary,  26  milea 
N.N.W.  of  Presburg.     Pop.  2684. 

Leva'sy,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co..  Mo. 

Le  Vauclin,  l?h  vo'klliN<>',  a  town  of  the  French  West 
India  island  of  Martinique,  on  its  E.  coast.  Pop.  of  com- 
mune, 5532. 

Lev'ee,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ky.,  about 
30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lexington.  It  has  a  church,  a  college 
or  seminary,  and  manufactures  of  leather  and  lumber. 

Level,  li'vfil',  or  Kaltenstein,  kirt§n-stine\  a  vil- 
lage of  Hungary,  4  miles  from  Wieselburg.     Pop.  1173. 

Lev'el,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Warren  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Marietta  <fc  Cincinnati  Railroad,  37  miles  N.E.  of  Cin- 
cinnati.    It  has  a  church. 

Lev'el  Cross,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C. 

Level  Green,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rock  Castle  co.,  Ky., 
about  34  miles  S.E.  of  Danville. 

Level  Land,  a  post-office  of  Abbeville  co.,  S.C. 

Level  Plains,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C, 
10  miles  S.  of  High  Point. 

Level  Road,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  Ala. 

Level's  Cross  Uoads,  a  post-office  of  Hampshire  Co., 
W.  Va. 

Le'ven,  a  small  river  of  England,  in  Cumberland,  flows 
S.AV.  for  15  miles,  and  joins  the  Esk  3  miles  S.  of  Longtown. 

Leven,  a  small  river  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster, 
forms  the  channel  by  which  Windermere  communicates 
with  Morecambe  Bay. 

Leven,  a  small  stream  of  Scotland,  in  Argyleshire,  flow- 
ing into  Loch  Leven.    See  Loch  Leven. 

Leven,  a  small  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Dumbarton, 
rises  at  the  S.  extremity  of  Loch  Lomond,  and  flows  S.  into 
tho  Clyde  at  Dumbarton  Castle.     Length,  7  miles. 

Leven,  a  small  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife,  issues  from 
the  S.E.  extremity  of  Loch  Leven,  flows  E.  14  miles,  and 
enters  the  Firth  of  Forth  at  Leven. 

Leven,  a  seaport  and  bathing-placo  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Fife,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Leven,  9  miles  by  rail  N.N.K. 
of  Kirkcaldy.  Pop.  2501,  employed  in  linen-manufactures 
and  in  tile-  and  iron-works. 


LET 


1642 


DEW 


Leven,  a  township  of  Pope  oo.,  Minn.    Pop.  170. 

Le'venshulme^  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Lancaster, 
8  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Manohestor.     Pop.  2742. 

Leveato,  l&-vin'to,  or  Lcvenzo,  l&-v4n'zo,  a  village 
of  France,  11  miles  N.  of  Nice,  witii  1795  inhabitants. 

Leven worth,  Kunsus.    Soo  Leavknworth. 

Leverano,  lA-vA-r&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
10  milw)  W.S.W.  of  Leooo.     Pop.  2858. 

Lev'erett,  a  post-Tillage  of  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Loverott  township,  on  the  New  London  Northern  Railroad, 
35  miles  N.  of  Palmer.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  831.  The  township  has  manufactures  of  satinets, 
iruit-bo.ves,  and  water-pails. 

Lcv'ering,or  Waterford,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co., 
0.,  In  Middlebury  township,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Mount  Ver- 
non. It  has  several  churches  and  a  grist-mill,  lloro  is 
Lerering  Post-Offioe. 

Levcrn,  lA'v^m,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  govern- 
ment of  Minden,  circle  of  Llibbecko.     Pop.  1207. 

liC'vey,  a  township  of  Sac  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  297. 

Levice,  lil-voe'4:hft,  a  village  of  Italy,  10  miles  from 
Alba,  on  the  East  Bormlda.     Pop.  1092. 

Lev'ick's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co..  Mo. 

Levico,  14v'e-ko,  a  town  of  the  Tyrol,  10  miles  S.E.  of 
Trent,  near  a  small  lake.     Pop.  4342. 

IiCvier,  l^h-ve-^',  a  town  of  France,  in  Doubfl,  11  miles 
W.N.AV.  of  Pontarlier.     Pop.  1297. 

Le  Vigan,  l?h  vce*g6N»',  a  town  of  Prance,  in  Gard,  on 
the  Arre,  an  affluent  of  the  H6rault,  60  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Ntmes.  Pop.  4340.  It  has  a  communal  college,  manu- 
factures of  silk  and  cotton  hosiery,  cotton  yarn,  leather, 
and  paper,  and  a  marble-quarry. 

lie  Vigean,  l9h  vee^zhftx"',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Vienne,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Montmorillon.     Pop,  1300. 

Levignac,  l?h-veen*yik',  a  village  of  France,  in  Lot- 
ct-Garonne,  9  miles  N.  of  Marinandc.     Pop.  1470. 

licv'ingood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pendleton  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Kentucky  Central  Railroad,  43  miles  S.  of  Covington. 

JLev'is,  a  township  of  Clark  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  264. 

Levis,  liVee'  or  ISv'is,  a  county  of  Quebec,  bounded  N.W. 
by  the  river  St.  Lawrence.    Chief  town,  Levis.     Pop.  24,831. 

Levis,  Levis  Town,  or  Point  Le'vi,  the  chief 
town  of  the  co.  of  Levis,  Quebec,  situated  on  the  S.  shore 
of  the  St.  Lawrence,  opposite  Quebec,  and  172  miles  N.E.  of 
Montreal.  It  is  the  terminus  of  the  Levis  &  Kennebec 
R.ailway  and  of  a  branch  of  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  and 
the  landing-place  of  the  passengers  arriving  from  Europe 
by  the  ocean  steamships.  It  contains  a  commodious  hotel, 
a  number  of  stores,  extensive  fortifications,  a  convent,  and 
several  saw-mills  and  factories,  and  has  a  very  extensive 
■hipping-trade.     Pop.  6691. 

Lev'iston,  a  station  on  a  branch  of  the  Lehigh  Valley 
Railroad,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Audenried,  Pa. 

Levita,  or  Lebita,  I4v'e-t3,  or  14-vce'ti  (anc.  Lehin'- 
ihoa),  an  island  in  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  20  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Amorgos.  Lat.  37"  N.j  Ion.  26*  32'  E.  It  is  4  miles 
long  by  4  miles  broad. 

Lcvizzano,  Id-vit-si'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  17  miles 
S.W.  of  Modena.     Pop.  2200. 

Lcvone,  li-vo'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  district  and  about 
4  miles  S.  of  Turin.     Pop.  1120. 

Levorano,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Lkverano. 

Levroux,  l?h-vroo'  {axxo.  Oabatum  ?  or  Leprotumf),  a 
town  of  France,  in  Indre,  13  miles  N.  of  Chiteaurou.x. 
Pop.  3243.  It  has  manufactories  of  fine  woollen  cloths  and 
leather,  and  a  brisk  trade  in  corn,  wine,  and  wool. 

Le'vy,  a  county  of  Florida,  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Suwanee  River, 
^rea,  1104  square  miles.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and 
is  extensively  Covered  with  pine  forests.  The  soil  is  sandy. 
Indian  corn,  sugar-cane,  and  cotton  are  the  staple  products. 
It  is  intersected  from  N.E.  to  S.W.,  and  near  the  E.  border, 
by  the  Florida  Central  &  Peninsular  Railroad,  which  com- 
municates with  Bronson,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  187U,  2018 ; 
in  1880,  5767;  in  1890,  6586. 

Lcwcnz,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Leva. 

Lewes,  loo'is,  a  borough  of  England,  in  Sussex,  on  the 
navigable  Ouse,  at  the  junction  of  several  railways,  44  miles 
S.E.  of  London,  and  8i  miles  N.E.  of  Brighton.  It  is  finely 
situated  on  a  declivity  of  the  South  Downs,  and  has  a  gram- 
mar-school, almshouses,  a  county  hall,  a  jail,  a  house  of  cor- 
rection, barracks,  and  theatre.  A  considerable  trade  is  car- 
ried on  with  London  by  the  port  of  Newhaven.  The  town 
is  lighted  with  gas  and  amply  supplied  with  water.  Lewes 
is  said  to  have  been  the  Roman  station  Miituantonis.  Simon 
de  Montfort  and  the  barons,  in  1264,  defeated  Henry  III. 
here  and  imprisoned  him  in  the  castle.    Pop.  (1891)  10,997. 


Lewes,  lew'Sz,  a  post-village  of  Sussex  co.,  Del,,  on 
Delaware  Bay,  about  4  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cape  llenlopcn,  and 
104  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Wilmington.  It  is  adjacent  to  tht 
Delaware  Breakwater,  and  is  on  the  Junction  &  Breakwater 
Railroad.  It  has  a  graded  school,  3  churches,  sovenil  larn 
hotels,  and  a  newspBj)or  office.     Pop.  about  1400. 

Lewes  and  Reho'both,  a  hundred  of  Sussex  co.,  D«|. 
Pop.  2128.  It  contains  Lewes,  Rehoboth,  Cape  U«. 
lopcn,  &o. 

Lewey*s  Island,  Maine.    See  Princrton. 

Lewin,  Id-^ecn',  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  14  milw 
W.  ofGhvtJ!.     Pop.  1616. 

Lcw'insville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfax  co.,  Va.,  3 
miles  from  Falls  Churcn  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

LeAV'is,  the  northernmost  and  largest   island  of  tha 
Outer  Hebrides,  off  the  W.  coast  of  Scotland,  bctwpfn  lat.' 
57°  40'  and  58°  82'  N.  and  Ion.  6°  and  7°  W.,  m 
from  the  mainland  by  the  Minch  Channel,  30  mil< 
Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  60  miles;  greatest  breadth, :; 
Its  southern  peninsular  portion  is  called  Harris.    On  the 
E.  side  are  Loch  Erisort  and  Broad  Bay,  and  on  the  W, 
Loch  Roag.     Its  N.  headland,  the  Birrr  or  Lkwis,  lat.  58* 
31'  N.,  Ion.  6°  14'  W.,  rises  to  80  feet  above  the  sea.    A 
great  part  of  the  island  is  rugged,  but  it  is  not  generally 
so  lofty  and  bare  as  Harris,  and  it  has  many  low  swampy 
tracts.     Gneiss  is  the  prevailing  rock,  and  much  of  the  sur- 
face is  covered  with  peat  and  with  remains  of  ancient  for* 
ests.    The  island  abounds  with  Druidic  edifices  and  ruined 
fortresses.     The  people  are  of  Celtic  descent ;  but  in  the  N.  ii 
a  race  of  Scandinavian  origin,  although  speaking  the  Uaelio  I 
language.     Stornoway,  the  chief  town,  is  on  the  E.  coast.    I 

Lew'is,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Kentucky,  borden 
on  the  state  of  Ohio.  Area,  about  450  square  mile.x.  It  ii  | 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Ohio  River.  The  surface  is  mostly  j 
hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil 
is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  stuplot. 
Limestone  crops  out  in  this  county,  which  is  travcrced  by 
the  Chesapeake  A  Ohio  Railroad.  Capital,  Vanceburg. 
Pop.  in  1870,  9115;  in  18.S0,  1.3,164;  in  1890,  14,803.  I 

Lewis,  a  northeastern  county  of  Missouri,  has  nn  area 
of  obout  510  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Mississippi  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Wynconda, 
North  Fubius,  and  Middle  Fabius  Rivers.  The  surface  ii 
undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  upland  prairies  and  < 
forests  growing  near  the  streams.  The  soil  is  dee))  and  very 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  wheat,  cattle,  hay,  and  pork  are  ; 
the  staple  products.  Limestone  is  abundant  in  this  county. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  Quincy,  Omaha  A  Kansas  City  and 
St.  Louis,  Keokuk  A  Northwestern  Railroads.  Capital, 
Monticello,  on  the  North  Fabius  River.  Pop.  in  1870,  , 
16,114;  in  1880,  16,925;  in  1890,  15,935.  ' 

Lewis,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  New  York,  I 
has  an  area  of  about  1294  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  Black  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Beaver,  Moose, 
and  Oswegatchie  Rivers.  The  surface  is  mostly  hilly,  and 
is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  sugar-maple,  pine, 
and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  adapted  to  pasturage  and  dairy- 
farming.  Hay,  oats,  butter,  cheese,  potatoes,  and  lumber 
are  the  staple  products.  Silurian  limestone  underlies  part 
of  this  county.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Rome,  Watcrtown 
A  Ogdensburg  Railroad  and  the  Carthage  A  Adirondack 
Railroad.  Capital,  Lowville.  Pop.  in  1870,  28,699;  in 
1880,  31,416;  in  1890,  29,806. 

Lewis,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of 
about  280  square  miles.  The  Buffalo  River  drains  the 
southern  part  of  this  county,  and  Duck  River  runs  very 
near  its  northeastern  extremity.  The  surface  is  uneven  and 
hilly,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests.  Indian  corn,  grass, 
peanuts,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  New- 
burg,  on  a  tributary  of  Duck  River.  Pop.  in  1870,  1986; 
in  1880,  2181;  in  1890,  2555. 

Lewis,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Washington,  baa 
an  area  of  about  2308  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Chebalis  and  Cowlitz  Rivers,  which  rise  in  it.  The  eastern 
part  of  this  county  is  diversified  with  high  mountains  of 
the  Cascade  Range.  A  large  part  of  its  area  is  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile,  and  produces 
oats,  wheat,  grass,  potatoes,  Ac.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Chebalis.  Pop. 
in  1870,  888;  in  1880,  2600;  in  1890,  11,199. 

Lewis,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  West  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  inters'JCted 
by  the  West  Fork  of  the  Monongahela  River.  The  snrfiice 
is  diversified  with  high  hills,  extensive  forests,  and  fertile 
valleys.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  hay,  and  cattle  are  tlie  staple 
products.  This  county  has  beds  of  bituminous  coal.  U 
IS  traversed  by  the  West  Virginia  A   Pittsburg  Railroad, 


LEW 


1643 


LEW 


Pop. 


two  branches  of  which  unite  at  Weston,  the  capital, 
in  1870,  10,175;  in  1880,  13,269;  in  1890,  15,895. 

Lewis,  ft  post-office  of  Shelby  oo.,  Ala.,  6  miles  N.  of 
Wilsonville. 

'  Lewis,  a  township  of  Clay  co.,  Ind.,  on  Eel  River. 
Pop.  1220. 

I   Lewis,  Vigo  CO.,  Ind.    See  Centreville. 
i   LeAVis,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  East 
Nishnabatona  River,  8  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Atlantic,  and  44 
Biles  E.  of  Council  Bluffs.     It  has  a  high  school,  3  churches, 
Lnd  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  650. 

r  Lewis,  a  hamlet  in  Daviess  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Owens- 
()orough  <fc  Nashville  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Owensborough. 
It  has  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  125. 

I   Lewis,  a  township  of  Holt  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  4081.     It 
|ontains  Forest  City  and  Oregon. 
I  Lewis,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Montana. 
I  Lewis,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Lander  co., 
flev.,  15  miles  from  Battle  Mountain  Station.     It  has  silver- 
bines  and  2  quartz-mills. 

I  Lewis,  a  post-hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Lewis  town- 
Ship,  about  32  miles  S.  of  Plattsburg,  and  15  miles  N.E.  of 
Mount  Marcy.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1744. 

Lewis,  a  township  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  1207.  It 
8  in  a  forest-region,  and  contains  West  Leyden. 

Lewis,  a  station  in  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Northern 
Central  Railroad,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Canandaigua. 
'   Lewis,  a  township  of  Brown  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River. 

f'op.  2817.     It  contains  Higginsport. 
Lewis,  a  township  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.     Pop.  963, 
Lewis,  a  township  of  Northumberland  eo..  Pa.     Pop. 
228,  exclusive  of  the  borough  of  Turbotville. 
f   Lewis,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1007.    It 
jontains  Hartleton. 

I  Lewis,  a  station  on  the  Charlotte,  Columbia  <t  Augusta 
Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Chester  Court-IIouse,  S.C. 

Lewis  and  Clarke,  a  county  in  the  W,  central  part 
jf  Montana,  has  an  area  of  about  2600  square  miles.  It  is 
j)ounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  N.  by 
[he  Sun  or  Medicine  River.  The  surface  is  mountainous, 
ind  this  county  comprises  part  of  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
with  some  fertile  valleys.  These  mountains  produce  forests 
|f  fir,  spruce,  hemlock,  cedar,  and  pine.  Wheat,  grass,  and 
potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  It  contains  many  gold- 
Inines,  also  mines  of  silver,  lead,  and  copper.  This  county 
Is  intersected  by  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  and  the 
Montana  Central  Railroad.  Capital,  Helena.  Pop.  in 
l870,  5040;  in  1880,  6521;  in  1890,  19,145. 
)  Lew 'is  Bay,  a  post-settlement  in  Cape  Breton  co., 
ITova  Scotia,  30  miles  from  Sydney.     Pop.  150. 

Lew'isberry,  a  post-borough  of  York  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Cowberry  township,  about  11  miles  S.  of  Harrisburg.  It 
kas  a  church,  a  tannery,  a  grist-mill,  a  machine-shop,  and 
I  town  hall.     Pop.  268. 

iliew'isborough,  a  post-township  in  the  N.E.  part  of 
Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  about  42  miles  N.E.  of  New  York. 
\i  is  partly  drained  by  the  Croton  River,  and  intersected 
^y  the  New  York  &  Harlem  Railroad.  Pop.  1600.  It  con- 
ttins  hamlets  named  Cross  River  and  Golden's  Bridge. 
)  Lew'isburg,  a  post- village  of  Conway  co..  Ark.,  on  the 
jT.  bank  of  the  Arkansas  River,  about  4  miles  S.  of  Mor- 
|illton,  and  49  miles  N.W.  of  Little  Rock.  It  has  3  or  4 
ihurches,  a  newspaper,  an  academy,  and  a  grist-mill.  Coal 
|i  found  here. 

j  Lewisburg,  a  hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Wabash 
pver  and  Wabash  &  Erie  Canal,  8  miles  E.  of  Logansport. 
i  Lewisburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Iowa,  in  Clay 
nwnship,  about  12  miles  W.  of  Corydon. 
i  Lewisbiirg,  Logan  co.,  Ky.  See  Henrtville. 
I  Lewisburg,  a  village  of  Mason  co.,  Ky.,  7  miles  S. 
[f  Maysville.  It  has  a  church  and  an  academy.  Pop.  150. 
rfere  is  North  Fork  Post-Offico. 

I  Lewisburg,  a  village  of  St.  Tammany  parish.  La.,  on 
|ie  N.  shore  of  Lake  Pontchartrain,  about  32  miles  N.  of 
few  Orleans.     Pop.  110. 

Lewisburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  De  Soto  co..  Miss.,  10 
Idles  E.  of  Hernando.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  school. 
j  Lewisburg,  or  North  LeAvisburg,  a  post-village 
r  Champaign  co.,  0.,  on  Darby  Creek,  and  on  the  Atlantic 
1;  Qreat  Western  Railroad,  50  miles  N.E.  of  Dayton.  It 
Sas  a  bank,  5  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  union  school, 
nd  manufactures  of  bricks,  flour,  lumber,  &e.     Pop.  936. 

Lewisburg,  a  post-village  of  Preble  co.,  0.,  on  Twin 
Ireek,  in  Harrison  township,  20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Dayton. 
Si  has  4  churches  and  1  or  2  flour-mills.  Pop.  391.  Here 
•e  several  quarries  of  fine  limestone. 

Lewisburg,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Union  co.,  Pa., 


is  delightfully  situated  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  West  Branch 
of  the  Susquehanna  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Buffalo  Creek, 
and  on  the  Lewisburg  Centre  <fc  Spruce  Creek  Railroad, 
which  connects  at  Montandon  with  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie 
Railroad,  63  miles  N.  of  Harrisburg,  and  about  14  miles 
W.  of  Danville.  A  bridge  crosses  the  river  here.  This 
place  is  the  seat  of  the  Lewisburg  University  (Baptist), 
which  was  organized  in  1847.  Lewisburg  contains  7 
churches,  2  national  banks,  a  town  hall,  2  newspaper  offices, 
and  a  sciiool  styled  University  Female  Institute.  It  has  2 
foundries,  a  woollen-factory,  and  manufactures  of  flour, 
lumber,  farming-implements,  <fcc.     Pop.  in  1890,  3248. 

Lewisburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Marshall  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Duck  River  Valley  Railroad,  20  miles  S.E. 
of  Columbia,  and  about  50  miles  S.  of  Nashville.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office,  4  churches,  and  a  flouring-mill.  Pop.  460. 

Lewisburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Greenbrier  co., 
W.  Va.,  near  the  E.  base  of  the  Greenbrier  Mountain,  and 
near  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  4  miles  from  Ronce- 
verte  Station,  9  miles  W.  of  the  White  Sulphur  Springs, 
and  133  miles  E.S.E.  of  Charleston.  ■  It  contains  a  court- 
house, 5  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  bank,  and  a  female 
seminary.     Pop.  in  1890,  1016. 

LeAVis  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  0.,  in 
Orange  township,  on  the  Cleveland,  Columbus  <fc  Cincinnati 
Railroad,  16  miles  N.  of  Columbus.     It  has  2  churches. 

LeAVis  Creek,  Vermont,  rises  in  Addison  co.,  drains 
the  S.  part  of  Chittenden  co.,  runs  westward,  and  enters 
Lake  Champlain. 

LcAvis  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
railroad  which  connects  Columbus  with  Shelby  ville,  8  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  the  latter. 

LeAvis  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Letcher  co.,  Ky. 

LCAVis  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Jasper  co.,  Tes.,  on  the 
Angelina  River. 

LeAA'is  Fork,  a  post-township  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C.,  40 
miles  N.W.  of  States  ville.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  1062. 

Lewisham,  loo'ish-am,  a  village  of  England,  in  Kent, 
on  the  Ravensbourne,  on  several  railways,  5  miles  S.E.  of 
London.     Pop.  of  parish  (1891),  94,335. 

LeAVis  liead,  a  post-hamlet  in  Shelburne  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  sea-coast,  27  miles  from  Shelburne.  Pop.  120. 

Lewis  Ilill,  a  hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  0.,  about  33  miles 
W.  of  Marietta. 

Lew'is  Island,  Dampier  Archipelago,  off  the  N.W. 
coast  of  Australia,  is  in  lat.  20°  35'  S.,  Ion.  116°  33'  E. 

Lewis  Mill,  a  station  on  the  Keokuk  &  Kansas  City 
Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of  Glasgow,  Mo. 

LeAVis  Mills  (Lamira  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  in  Belmont 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  15  miles  W.  of 
Bcllaire.     It  has  2  stores,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

LeAvis  Mills,  a  station  in  Chester  eo..  Pa.,  on  the 
AVaynesburg  Branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  6  milea 
E.  by  N.  of  Honeybrook. 

LcAA'is  Mines,  a  station  in  Jackson  co..  111.,  on  the 
Cairo  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Murphysborough. 
Here  coal  is  mined. 

Lew'isport,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  about  16  miles  above  Owensborough,  and  10 
miles  by  land  W.  of  Hawesville.  It  has  3  churches,  and  a 
newspaper  office.  Much  tobacco  is  prepiired  and  shipped 
here.     Pop.  308. 

LcAvis  River,  Idaho.    See  Snake  River. 

LeAvis  River,  a  village  of  Clarke  co.,  Washington,  on 
the  Cathlapootle  River,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Kulama.  It  has  a 
church. 

Lewis  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  McKcan  co.,  Pa,,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  about  6  miles  S.  of  Bradford. 
It  has  a  church  and  several  oil-wells. 

LcAvis  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Escambia  co.,  Ala,, 
on  the  Mobile  &  Montgomery  Railroad. 

LcAvis  Station,  a  post-office  of  Henry  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri,  Kans<as  &  Te.\as  Railroad,  33  miles  S,W,  of  Se- 
dalia.     Coal  is  found  here, 

LeAvis'  Store,  a  post-office  of  Spottsylvania  co.,  Va. 

LcAV'iston,  a  post-village  of  Trinity  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Trinity  River,  about  170  miles  (direct)  N.N.AV.  of  Sacra- 
mento. It  is  surrounded  by  high  mountains.  Gold  is 
found  here.     Pop.  338. 

LeAViston,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Nez  Perces  co., 
Idaho,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Snake  River,  just  above  the 
mouth  of  the  Clearwater,  near  lat.  46°  25'  N.  and  Ion.  117° 
W.  It  is  supported  mainly  by  trade  and  the  navigation  of 
Snake  River.     Pop.  in  1890,  849. 

LeAViston,  the  most  populous  city  of  Androscoggin  co., 
Me.,  is  situated  on  the  E.  (left)  bank  of  the  Androscoggin 
River,  opposite  Auburn,  35  miles  N.  of  Portland,  and  about 


LETT 


1644 


LEX 


30  niilos  S.W.  of  AugusU.  It  is  at  the  junction  of  sovoral 
brunches  of  the  Maine  Central  lUiilroiul  with  the  Auburn  A 
Lowiston  Hiiilrotul,  whiuh  ounneots  with  the  (irand  Trunl< 
Kailruad.  The  river  hero  fulls  about  6U  foot,  alTurda  abun- 
dant water-power,  and  presents  picturesque  scenery.  Two 
iron  railroad  bridges  and  2  other  bridges  cross  the  river  at 
this  plaoe.  Lewiston  is  the  second  city  of  Maine  in  popula- 
tion, and  derives  its  prosperity  chiefly  from  manufactures 
and  trade.  It  is  the  seat  of  Bates  College  (Free- Will  Bap- 
tist), which  was  organized  in  1863  and  bus  11  professors. 
It  has  12  churches,  a  public  library,  2  national  banks,  3 
savings-banks,  and  a  nigh  school.  A  dam,  or  system  of 
dams,  costing  about  $1,000,000,  has  boon  constructed  bore 
across  the  river,  the  water  of  which  is  conveyed  to  the 
mills  by  a  canal.  The  Franklin  Company  own  the  water- 
power.  The  capital  hero  invested  in  manufactures  is  stated 
to  bo  $9,000,000,  which  is  distributed  among  18  corporations, 
emuloying  about  8500  persons,  and  producing  goods  valued 
at  111,000,000  in  a  year,  or,  including  Auburn,  $1.3,000,000. 
About  40,000,000  yards  of  cotton  and  woollen  goods  are  man- 
ufactured here  annually.  The  number  of  spindles  in  the 
factories  of  Lewiston  is  285,000.  The  woollen-mills  pro- 
duce fancy  cassimeres,  beaver  cloths,  meltons,  repellants,  Ac. 
Among  the  other  articles  made  in  Lewiston  are  brushes,  files, 
looms,  trunks,  brooms,  machinery  for  cotton-mills,  ticking, 
seersucker,  duck,  burlaps,  checks,  juto  bags,  and  grain-bags. 
Two  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 
Pop.  in  1870,  13,600;  in  1880,  19,083;  in  1890,  21,701. 

liewiston^  a  hamlet  of  Dakota  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  Can- 
non River,  about  33  miles  S.  of  St.  Paul. 

Lewiston,  a  post-village  of  Winona  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Utica  township,  on  the  Winona  A.  St.  Peter  Railroad,  about 
20  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Winona.  It  has  a  church  and  a  ware- 
house for  grain.     Pop.  284. 

Lewiston,  or  LewistoAVn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis 
eo..  Mo.,  in  La  Belle  township,  on  the  Quincy,  Missouri  & 
Pacific  Railroad,  26  miles  W.N.W.  of  Quincy,  III. 

Lewiston,  a  post-village  in  Lewiston  township,  Ni- 
agara CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Niagara  River,  at  the  head  of  steam- 
boat navigation,  about  7  miles  below  the  cataract,  and  7 
miles  from  Lake  Ontario.  It  is  opposite  to  Queenstown, 
Canada,  and  is  at  the  N.  base  of  a  high  terrace  called  the 
Mountain  Ridge.  Steamboats  ply  daily  (in  summer)  be- 
tween Toronto  and  Lewiston,  which  is  on  a  branch  of  the 
New  York  Central  Railroad,  and  is  the  W.  terminus  of  the 
Rome,  Watortown  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad.  It  has  3  churches. 
Pop.  770 ;  of  the  township,  2829. 

Lewiston,  a  post-village  of  Bertie  co.,  N.C.,  in  Wood- 
ville  township,  3  miles  from  the  Roanoke  River.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  steam  grist-mill,  <tc. 

Lewiston,  a  post-oflice  and  mining  village  of  Tooele 
CO.,  Utah,  26  miles  W.  of  Lehi.  It  has  rich  mines  of  silver 
or  gold  and  a  quartz-mill. 

Lewiston,  Virginia.    See  Luxexbcrq  CotjnT-HousE. 

Lewiston,  a  post-village  of  Kanawha  co.,  AV.  Va.,  on 
the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  and  on  or  near  the  Great 
Kanawha  River,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Charleston. 

Lewiston,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Columbia  co.. 
Wis.,  in  Lewiston  township.  The  Wisconsin  River  touches 
the  S.W.  corner  of  the  township.  Lewiston  Station  is  on 
the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &,  St.  Paul  Railroad,  9  miles  N.W. 
of  Portage  City.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1046.  It  has  a 
manufactory  of  knit  goods. 

Lewiston,  Prince  Edward  Island.     See  Albbrtox. 

Lewiston  Junction,  or  Hotel  Road,  a  station  in 
Androscoggin  co..  Me.,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  29 
miles  N.  of  Portland,  2  miles  N.  of  Danville  Junction,  and 
6i  miles  S.W.  of  Lewiston,  to  which  the  Lewiston  &  Auburn 
Railro.ad  extends  from  this  point. 

Lew'istown,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Fulton  co..  111., 
in  Lewistown  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Chicago,  Bur- 
lington it  Quincy  Railroad,  39  miles  W.S.W.  of  Peoria,  and 
about  50  miles  N.N.W.  of  Springfield.  Itcontains  5  churches, 
a  national  bank,  3  newspaper  ofilces,  a  public  hall,  a  college, 
and  a  graded  school,  and  has  mnnufnctures  of  wool,  lumber, 
and  furniture.     Pop.  in  1890,  2166  ;  of  the  township,  3246. 

Lewistown,  a  post-village  of  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  10 
miles  N.  of  Frederick,  and  1  mile  E.  of  the  Blue  Ridge. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  woollen-factory,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Lewistown,  Lewis  co..  Mo.    See  Lewistos. 

Lewistown,  a  post-hamlct  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Pembcrton  A  Ilightstown  Railrojvd  where  it  crosses  the 
Kinkora  &  Columbus  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of  Mount  Holly. 

Lewistown,  a  small  post-village  of  Logan  co.,  0., 
about  10  miles  N.W.  of  Bellefontaine.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  union  school. 

Lewistown,  a  post-borongh,  capital  of  Mifflin  oo.,  Pa., 


on  the  Juniata  River,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania  Riiilroad 
anil  the  Sunbury  A  Lewistown  and  MilUin  A  Centre  County 
Railroads,  70  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Altoona,  and  01  miles  N.W, 
of  Ilarrixburg.  It  is  at  the  mouth  uf  the  Kishacoquilbu 
Creek,  and  is  surrounded  by  beautiful  mountain-scenery.  It 
contains  a  commodious  court-house,  an  academy,  6  churchet 
a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  2  iron-furnaces,  2  flour-mills 

2  planing-mills,  and  manufactures  of  axes,  boilers,  cngincii 
Ac,  Three  weekly  newspapers  are  published  hero.  Pop. 
3222.  The  station  on  the  main  line  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad  is  known  as  Lewistown  Junction,  and  is  1  uiiUS. 
of  Lewistown  Station. 

Lew'isville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lafayette  oo., 
Ark.,  about  60  miles  W.S.W.  of  Camden,  and  7  miles  E. 
of  Red  River.  It  has  2  churches  and  2  common  sohooli. 
Pop.  about  400. 

Lewisvillc,  a  post-village  of  Ilcnry  co.,  Ind.,  on  tht 
Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  44  miles  E.  of 
Indianapolis,  and  24  miles  W.  of  Richmond.  It  hoi  2 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  planing-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  444, 

Lcwisville,  a  post-oflice  of  Forsyth  co.,  N.C. 

Lewisville,  Coshocton  co.,  0.    See  Canal  Lewisvilli. 

Lewisville,  a  post-village  in  Summit  township,  Mon> 
roe  CO.,  0.,  about  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Marietta.  It  bu  2 
churches  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  124. 

Lewisvillc,  a  hamlet  of  Ross  co.,  0.,  on  the  Scioto 
River  and  the  Ohio  Canal,  about  9  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Chil- 
licothe. 

Lewisville,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co.,  Oregon,  about 
25  miles  S.W.  of  Salem. 

Lewisville,  a  post-village  in  Elk  township,  Cheiter 
CO.,  Pa.,  22  miles  S.W.  of  West  Chester.  It  has  2  churchei, 
a  paper-mill,  and  several  flour-mills. 

Lewisvillc,  Clearfield  co..  Pa.    See  Bower. 

Lcwisville,  a  small  hamlet  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.,  3  milei 
from  Livermore  Station,  and  about  36  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
Pittsburg.     It  has  a  church.    Here  is  Ebenezer  Post-Office. 

Lcwisville,  a  village  in  Ulysses  township,  Potter  co^ 
Pa.,  near  the  source  of  the  Genesee  River,  about  CO  miles 
N.W.  of  Williamsport.  It  has  2  churches,  a  lumber-niill,and 
5  general  stores.     Pop.  226.     Here  is  Ulysses  Post-Office. 

Lewisville,  a  township  of  Chester  co.,  S.C.   Pop.  2507. 

Lewisville,  a  village  in  Amelia  township, Orangeburg 
CO.,  S.C,  on  the  South  Carolina  Railroad,  38  miles  S.E.  of 
Columbia.  It  has  several  stores,  and  is  a  place  of  active 
trade.     Post-ofiice,  St.  Matthew's. 

Lewisville,  a  post-village  of  Denton  co.,  Tex.,  1 7  mild 
W.  of  Piano.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  in  1890,  498. 

Lcwisville,  a  post-ofiice  of  King  George  co.,  Va. 

Lew'isville,  or  Louisville,  loo'e-vll,  a  post-village 
in  Kent  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  river  Thames,  and  on  the 
Grand  Trunk  Railway,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Chatham.  It  con- 
tains a  flouring-mill  and  several  stores.     Pop.  100. 

Lewisville,  a  post-village  in  Westmoreland  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  IJ  miles  from  Moncton.  It  contivins  a  tannery. 
a  store,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  150. 

Lew-Kew  Islands.    See  Loo-Choo  Islands. 

Lex'ington,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  South 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  780  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Congaree  River,  and  on  the 
S.W.  by  the  North  Edisto,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Saluds, 
which  flows  through  the  northern  part  of  the  county,  an'l 
empties  into  the  Congaree.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  unJu 
lating,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  cedar, 
and  other  trees.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Richmond  A  Danville  Railroad  and  the  South  Bound  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Lexington  Court-IIouse.  Pop.  in  1870, 
12,988;  in  1880,  18,564;  in  1890,  22,181. 

Lexington,  a  post-village  of  Lauderdale  co.,  Ala.,  24 
miles  N.E.  of  Florence. 

Lexin  gton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Oglethorpe  CO.,  Qa, 
about  85  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Atlanta,  and  3  miles  E.  of  Isl- 
ington Station,  or  Crawford,  which  is  on  the  Athens  Branch 
of  the  Georgia  Railroad,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Athens.     It  ha< 

3  churches,  an  academy.  Ac. 

Lexington,  a  post-village  in  Lexington  township,  Mc- 
Lean CO.,  III.,  1  mile  N.  of  the  M.ackinaw  River,  and  on 
the  Chicago  A  Alton  Railroad,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Blooniing- 
ton,  and  111  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  5  churchc*, 
a  newspaper  oflice,  a  high  school,  and  2  banks.  Pop.  about 
1500;  of  the  township,  2404.  Grain,  cattle,  and  other 
stock  are  the  staple  products  of  the  township. 

Lexington,  a  post- village  of  Scott  co.,  Ind.,  in  Lex- 
ington township,  on  the  Louisville  Branch  of  the  Ohio  A 
Mississippi  Railroad,  29  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Louisville,  Ky., 
and  about  18  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Madison.    It  has  an  acaJeiuy, 


LEX 


1645 


LEY 


{  churches,  a  wooHen-foctory,  a  planing-mill,  Ac.  Pop. 
140;  of  the  township,  2529. 

Lexington^  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Iowa, 
Ibont  6  miles  N.W.  of  Washington. 

I  Lexington,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
i.638.     It  contains  De  Soto. 

I  Lexington,  a  handsome  city,  the  capital  of  Fayette 
ko.,  Ky.,  is  on  the  Kentucky  Central  Railroad,  at  its  junc- 
tion with  the  Louisville,  Cincinnati  &  Lexington  Railroad, 
j,nd  on  the  Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad,  29  miles  E.S.E. 

if  Frankfort,  77  miles  S.  of  Cincinnati,  and  94  miles  E.  by 
.  of  Louisville.  Lat.  38°  6'  N. ;  Ion.  84°  33'  W.  The  city 
I  very  pleasantly  situated,  and  is  surrounded  by  a  fertile, 
iindulating  country.  The  streets  cross  one  another  at  right 
Ingles,  are  well  paved,  and  lighted  with  gas.  Main  street 
fg  80  feet  wide.  Here  is  a  monument  to  Henry  Clay  which 
iost  about  S50,000.  He  resided  many  years  at  Ashland, 
jjcar  this  town.  Lexington  is  the  seat  of  the  Kentucky 
University,  which  was  organized  in  1858  and  has  9  in- 
itruetors  and  about  100  students  and  a  library  of  20,000 
rolumes.  A  college  of  law  and  an  agricultural  and  me- 
jihanical  college  are  connected  with  this  institution.  This 
jlity  also  contains  a  state  lunatic  asylum,  which  occupies  a 
large  and  handsome  edifice,  17  churches,  a  court-house,  a 
ane  post-office  building,  a  public  library  of  16,000  volumes, 
5  national  banks,  2  state  banks,  a  commercial  college,  and 
Printing-offices  which  issue  8  papers,  among  which  are  1  or 
fe  daily  newspapers  and  a  monthlj'  agricultural  paper.  Here 
^re  extensive  manufactures  of  bagging,  rope,  carriages,  dis- 
tilled liquors,  Ac.  Lexington  was  formerly  the  capital  of 
Kentucky.  It  was  founded  in  1776  and  incorporated  in 
^782.  Pop.  in  1880,  16,656;  in  1890,  21,567. 
I  Lexington,  a  post-office  of  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  in  Lex- 
ngton  township,  about  56  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Augusta.  Pop. 
If  the  township,  397. 

!  Lexington,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Lexington  township,  11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Boston,  with  which 
|t  is  connected  by  railroad.  It  has  several  churches,  a  graded 
iohool,  and  a  savings-bank.  Here  occurred  on  the  19th  of 
lipril,  1775,  a  memorable  action  between  the  British  soldiers 
Lnd  a  small  body  of  militia.  This  was  the  first  battle  of  the 
levolution.  A  monument  has  been  erected  here  to  com- 
aemorate  the  patriotism  of  the  eight  men  who  fell  in  that 
lotion.  The  township  contains  5  churches.  Pop.  of  the 
fownship,  2505. 

Lexington,  a  post-village,  port  of  entry,  and  capital  of 
(anilac  co.,  Mich.,  in  Lexington  township,  on  Lake  Huron, 
.bout  70  miles  N.N.E.  of  Detroit,  and  20  miles  N.  of  Port 
Iluron.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  city  hall,  5  churches, 
i  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  tannery,  a  brewery,  a  woollen- 
mil,  a  flouring-mill,  a  planing-mill,  &o.  Steamboats  ply 
laily  between  this  port  and  Ketroit.  Pop.  in  1890,  712; 
f  the  township,  2602. 

Lexington,  a  post-village  of  Le  Sueur  co.,  Minn.,  in 
jexington  township,  12  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Le  Sueur,  and 
7  miles  N.B.  of  St.  Peter.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  a 
aw-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  of  township,  630. 

Lexington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Holmes  co..  Miss., 
fi  about  62  miles  N.  of  Jackson,  on  a  small  affluent  of  the 
jrazoo  River.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  newspaper  office, 
nd  a  money -order  post-office.     Pop.  in  1890,  1075. 

Lexington,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Lafayette  co.,  Mo., 
i  situated  on  the  right  or  S.  bank  of  the  Missouri  River, 
bout  84  miles  below  Kansas  City  by  water  (42  miles  E.  by 
jail).  By  railroad  it  is  244  miles  W.  by  N.  of  St.  Louis,  and 
'5  miles  N.W.  of  Sedalia.  A  branch  of  the  Missouri  Pacific 
Railroad  extends  from  Sedalia  to  Lexington,  and  connects 
ore  with  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern  Railroad, 
t  is  also  the  E.  terminus  of  the  Wyandotte,  Kansas  City 
i;  Northwestern  Railroad.  Its  site  is  elevated  nearly  300 
Iset  above  the  river.  It  contains  a  court-house,  the  Baptist 
pemale  College,  the  Central  Female  College  (Methodist 
-piscopal),  10  churches,  2  savings-banks,  2  other  banks, 
lanufactures  of  furniture,  hemp  and  woollen  goods,  and 
rinting-offices  which  issue  3  weekly  newspapers.  Beds  of 
Dal  underlie  Lexington  and  the  county.     P.  (1890)  4537. 

Lexington,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Lex- 
Jgton  township,  on  Schoharie  Creek,  about  44  miles  S.S.W. 
f  Albany.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill.  Pop.  of 
tie  township,  1316. 

Lexington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Davidson  co., 
r.C,  on  Abbott's  Creek,  in  Lexington  township,  and  on  the 
lilroad  which  connects  Salisbury  with  Greensborough,  16 
jiiles  N.E.  of  Salisbury,  and  about  90  miles  (direct)  W.  of 
;!.aleigh.  It  has  3  white  and  3  colored  churches.  Gold, 
jilver,  and  zinc  are  found  in  this  county.  Pop.  in  1890, 
440}  of  the  township,  3584. 


Lexington,  a  station  in  Highland  co.,  0.,  on  the  Mari- 
etta &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  12  miles  E.  of  Blanchester. 

Lexington,  Perry  co.,  Ohio.    See  New  Lexingtox. 

Lexington,  a  post-village  of  Richland  co.,  0.,  in  Troy 
township,  on  the  Clear  Fork  of  the  Mohican  River,  and  on 
the  Lake  Erie  division  of  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Railroad, 
9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mansfield.  It  has  a  seminary,  5  churches, 
a  money-order  post-office,  and  2  warehouses.     Pop.  482. 

Lexington,  a  township  of  Stark  co.,  0.  Pop.  5700. 
It  contains  Alliance,  Limaville,  and  Mt.  Union. 

Lexington,  S.C.    See  Lexington  Couet-House. 

Lexington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Henderson  co., 
Tcnn.,  on  Beech  Creek,  about  100  miles  W.S.  W.  of  Nashville. 
It  has  2  or  3  churches  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Lexington,  a  post-village  of  Lee  co.,  Tex.,  16  miles 
N.  of  Giddings  Station,  and  about  50  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
Austin.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  157. 

Lexington,  a  handsome  post-village,  capital  of  Rock- 
bridge CO.,  Va.,  is  on  the  North  River,  about  32  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Lynchburg,  and  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Staunton. 
It  is  situated  in  the  long  and  fertile  limestone  valley  which 
is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Blue  Ridge.  It  is  the  W. 
terminus  of  the  James  River  <fc  Kanawha  Canal.  Here  is 
the  Washington  and  Lee  University,  reorganized  in  1871, 
before  which  date  it  was  styled  Washington  College.  Lex- 
ington also  contains  the  Virginia  Military  Institute,  founded 
in  1839,  7  churches,  a  bank,  and  1  or  2  newspaper  offices. 
Pop.  in  1890,  3059. 

Lexington  Court-House,  a  post-village,  c.ipitalof 
Lexington  co.,  S.C,  in  Lexington  township,  and  on  the 
Charlotte,  Columbia  <fc  Augusta  Railroad,  14  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Columbia.  It  has  a  court-house,  2  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  female  seminary,  a  high  school,  and  a  cotton- 
factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  342;  of  the  township,  2468. 

Lexington  Junction,  a  station  in  Oldham  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Louisville  &  Lexington  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of 
the  Cincinnati  division,  1  mile  E.  of  La  Grange. 

Lexington  Junction,  Missouri.     See  Henry. 

Lexovinm,  a  town  of  France.    See  Lisieux. 

Ley'burn,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
North  Riding,  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Richmond.     Pop.  887. 

Leydcn,  or  Leiden,  li'd^n  (Fr.  Leyde,  16d  or  laid; 
L.  Liirfdn'num  Batavo'rum),  a  city  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
South  Holland,  22  miles  S.W.  of  Amsterdam,  and  17  miles 
N.  of  Rotterdam  (with  both  of  which  it  is  connected  by 
canals  and  railwaj's),  on  the  Old  Rhine,  6  miles  from  its 
mouth  in  the  North  Sea.  Lat.  52°  9'  30"  N. ;  Ion.  4°  29' 
30"  E.  Its  old  walls  and  fortifications  have  been  removed. 
Leyden  is  intersected  by  canals,  and  encompassed  by  wind- 
mills, country-seats,  pleasure-grounds,  gardens,  and  fertile 
meadows.  The  streets  of  the  town  are  straight,  broad,  and 
kept  exceedingly  clean  :  Broad  street  {Breedestraat)  is  es- 
teemed one  of  the  finest  in  Europe.  The  town  hall,  founded 
about  1415,  but  since  that  period  often  altered,  is  situated 
in  this  street.  It  is  a  picturesque  old  building,  with  its 
prominent  parts  gilt,  30  windows  in  a  line  in  front,  a  tall 
spire,  and  3  highly  ornamented  projecting  gables.  In  tho 
council-chamber  are  the  painting  of  the  Last  Judgment,  by 
Lucas  van  Leyden,  and  several  fine  historical  portraits. 
Near  the  town  hall,  in  the  same  street,  is  the  Gemeene-lands- 
huis  van  Rijnland,  containing  the  offices  of  the  superin- 
tendent of  dikes.  Other  noteworthy  edifices  are  the  prison, 
weigh-house,  butter-house,  cloth-hall,  barracks,  and  dock- 
yards. It  has  numerous  churches  and  a  synagogue,  besides 
sundry  congregations  worshipping  in  halls,  Ac.  There  are 
numerous  Latin  schools,  also  academies  of  drawing,  design, 
architecture,  and  music ;  but  the  most  important  educational 
institution  is  the  university,  formerly  one  of  the  most 
famed  in  Europe,  and  still  in  excellent  repute.  As  some 
indemnification  for  the  privations  suffered  during  the  siege 
of  1574,  the  Prince  of  Orange  offered  the  inhabitants  ex- 
emption from  certain  taxes,  or  a  university.  They  chose 
the  latter,  and  it  was  accordingly  inaugurated  by  the  Prince 
the  following  year,  1575.  Connected  with  the  university 
are  a  botanic  garden,  an  observatory,  a  library  with  val- 
uable MSS.,  a  museum  of  comparative  anatomy,  one  of  the 
richest  collections  of  natural  history  in  existence,  cabinet 
of  coins,  museum  of  antiquities,  and  a  very  rich  ethno- 
graphic museum.  There  are  also  an  economic  garden  for 
the  promotion  of  native  gardening  and  agriculture,  and  a 
national  herbarium.  There  are,  likewise,  several  learned 
societies  and  a  fine-arts  society.  The  benevolent  and  char- 
itable institutions  are  very  numerous,  and  include  poor- 
houses,  hospitals  for  orphans,  old  men,  and  old  women, 
connected  with  the  various  leligious  bodies.  Tho  cloth- 
manufactures,  for  which  Leyden  was  at  one  time  greatly 
famed,  have  revired  in  recent  years.  There  are  now  steam 


ixr 


1646 


WB 


oloth-rootoriM,  ooverlot-,  baiio-,  nod  oamlct-faotories,  wool- 
•plnneriea,  oaiioo-priiit-wurkii,  <to. ;  also  Unnurios,  vkin- 
neriM,  (oan-workH,  broworiua,  dislillerios,  auj  a  uiivobine- 
faotory.  Th«  foriuor  great  tnulo  in  buoks,  oarriuU  on  in 
tho  Uitter  |N\rt  of  tlio  Ruveutuentli  auU  during  tbo  gruiitor 
l^t  of  the  uigblocnth  cuntiiry,  and  reudurcd  wurld- 
naoMraed  by  tba  EUovira,  it  represented  bju  few  printing- 
offioes. 

Tho  most  moinorablo  ovont  in  the  history  of  Loyden  is 
tho  siogo  it  susUiinoil  from  tbo  Spaniards  in  1673-74.  For 
■even  woeks  there  \fi\a  nu  broad  within  tho  walls,  and  when 
hunger  bocauie  nu  lunger  bearable,  and  the  people,  dying  in 
hundreds,  implored  tbo  burgomaster  to  surrender  the  town, 
ho  oflbrod  bis  body  to  appease  tboir  appetite,  and  thus  the 
most  clamorous  wero  abashed.  To  relieve  the  town,  the 
Prince  of  Orange  at  last  broke  down  the  dikes,  and,  a  fa- 
voring wind  accompanying,  tho  waters  came  over  the  land 
80  rapidly  that  above  1000  of  the  besiegers  were  drowned. 
The  same  wind  wafted  a  floet  of  200  boats  from  Rotterdam 
to  the  gates  of  Leydon,  and  relieved  the  place.  Leyden  is 
the  birthplace  of  many  eminent  men.  The  population  of 
Leyden,  at  one  time  90,000,  was,  in  18U0,  only  43,510. 

Leyden,  an  island  off  the  coast  of  Java,  opposite  Ba- 
tavia.     Seo  also  Manobtivoe. 

Leyden,  li'd^n,  a  township  of  Cook  oo..  111.  Pop.  1437. 
It  contains  Leyden  Centre. 

Leyden,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  oo.,  Mass.,  in  Ley- 
den township,  9  miles  N.  of  Greenfield,  It  has  a  church, 
^op.  of  the  township,  524. 

Leyden,  or  Tal'cottville,  a  post-village  in  Leyden 
township,  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.,  on  or  near  Blaok  )liver,  and  on 
the  Utioa  &  Blaok  River  RJailroad,  38  miles  N.  of  Utiea.  It 
has  a  grist-mill  and  a  stone-quarry.  The  name  of  its  post- 
ofBoe  is  Leydon.  The  township,  which  is  bounded  on  the 
£.  by  tho  Blaok  River,  contains  a  larger  village,  named 
Port  Leyden.     Pop.  of  tho  township,  1975. 

Leyden,  a  post-ofiice  of  Rock  co.,  Wis. 

Leyden  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Cook  oo.,  111.,  about 
15  miles  N.W.  of  Chicago. 

Leyderdorp,  li'd?r-doRp\  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, province  of  South  Holland,  on  the  Rhine,  here  crossed 
by  a  bridge,  about  U  miles  E.  of  Leyden.     Pop.  2417. 

Leye,  the  Flemish  for  the  Lys. 

Lcyland,  lee'l^nd,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancas- 
ter, at  a  railway  junction,  5  J  miles  S.  of  Preston.  It  has  a 
handsome  church,  with  monuments  of  the  Farington  fam- 
ily, whose  mansion,  Shawhall,  contains  a  museum  and  a 
fine  gallery  of  paintings ;  a  grammar-school,  numerous 
other  endowed  schools,  almshouses,  and  manufactures  of 
eotton  goods.     Pop.  of  parish  (1891),  10,257. 

Leyni,  a  village  of  Italy.    See  Legni. 
,  Leyre,  lain,  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  the  department 
of  Landes,  flows  N.N.W.  into  the  department  of  Gironde, 
and,  after  a  course  of  50  miles,  falls  into  the  basin  of  Arca- 
chon,  a  little  below  La  Mothe. 

Leyria,  a  city  of  Portugal.    See  Leiria. 

Leysele,  li-s^'U,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of 
West  Flanders,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Brugos.     Pop.  2096. 

Leyte,  li'e-ti  or  li'ti,  one  of  the  Philippine  Islands, 
immediately  S.S.W.  of  Samar.  Length,  130  miles ;  average 
breadth,  35  miles.  It  is  mountainous,  with  many  extinct 
volcanoes.  Its  soil  is  in  many  parts  very  fertile,  producing 
rice,  pepper,  wheat,  manila,  indigo,  cacao,  coffee,  sugar, 
dammar,  and  cotton,  with  ebony  and  other  fine  woods. 
Area,  3590  square  miles.  Pop.  284,495.  At  its  N.  end  is  a 
port  of  the  same  name. 

Leytha,  Leitha,  or  Leyta,  li't&,a  river  of  tho  Aus- 
trian empire,  forms  a  part  of  the  boundary  between  Austria 
and  Hungary,  and,  after  a  course  of  90  miles,  joins  an  arm 
of  tho  Danube  at  Altenburg.  Between  it  and  Lake  Neu- 
iiedl  are  the  Leytha  Mountains. 

Lcy'ton,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Essex.  5  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  London.     Pop.  of  parish,  10,394. 

Lez,  14,  a  river  of  France,  department  of  Hcrault,  rises 
In  the  Cdvennes  Mountains,  and,  after  a  course  of  20  miles, 
falls  into  the  Mediterranean  2  niilai  S.E.  of  Montpellier. 
Its  lower  and  navigable  part  is  called  the  Canal  de  (irave. 

Lez,  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  thodopartment  of  Dr6me, 
and  joins  the  left  bank  of  the  Rhone  a  little  below  Pont 
Baint-Esprit.     Total  course,  nearly  45  miles. 

Lezardrieux,  l?h-mu'dro-uh',  a  town  of  France,  in 
C6tes-du-Nord,  16  miles  E.X.E.  of  Lannion. 

Lezat,  l§h-zi'  (anc.  Lezntumt),  a  town  of  France,  for- 
merly capital  of  a  district  called  the  Lezatois.  in  Ari6go,  17 
tailes  N.W.  of  Pamiers,  on  the  L^ze.     Pop.  1547. 

Lezaysk,  li-zhisk',  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  25  miles 
K.E.  of  Rzeszow,  on  the  San.     Pop.  4026. 


Leziffnan*  l4'aeen'y&M<>',  a  town  of  France,  in  AuJe,  l.'j 
miles  W.  of  Narbonno.  Pop,  4402.  It  has  large  distillttriw 
and  t<vnneri«8. 

Lczoux,  l^h-zoo',  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Puy-do-Dikmo, 
15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Clermont.     Pop.  2465. 

Lczuza,  l4-thoo'tbA  (anc.  Lihiaono'iiaf  or  Ltcinn'Hint) 
a  town  of  Spain,  22  miles  W.  of  Albaoete.     Pop.  15411,      ' 

Lezzeno,  Ifit-si'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  5  miles  S.W.  of 
Bellagio,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Lago  di  Como.     Pop.  1373.  * 

Lezzolo,  a  town  of  Itiily.     See  Lkksoi.o. 

Lguv,  or  Lgow,  I'gof,  a  town  of  Russia,  govcrninont 
and  36  miles  W.  of  Koorsk,  on  tho  Som.     Pop.  3852. 

Lka-Ilee,  or  Lha-Ili,  I'ha'ree,  a  largo  village  ol 
Thibet,  about  180  miles  N.E.  of  La«sa,  in  a  gorge,  uiiii,i 
barren  and  dosolato  mountains.     Tho  government  hiis  h, 
a  depict  of  provisions.     Near  the  village  are  a  large  Bo.. 
dhist  convent  and  a  handsome  temple. 

L'llassa,  the  capital  city  of  Thibet.     Soe  Lasha. 

Lhcuicse,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    Seo  Eliignitz. 

Lhonaur,  I'ho-nawr',  a  town  of  India,  in  Hyderabad 
42  miles  E.N.E.  of  Jaulna.     Lat.  20°  N. ;  Ion.  76°  43'  E,' 

L'Honor  do  Cos,  lo'non'  d^h  kos,  a  village  of  France, 
in  Tarn-et-Garonno,  on  the  Aveyron,  7  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Montauban.     Pop.  1475. 

L^llopital,  a  village  of  Franco.    See  Aldebt-Yilu, 

Liadi,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Ladv. 

Liaghof,  Liakhov,  Ice'&g-of,  or  Liachowski,  lee'- 
ig-ov'skeo,  a  large  island  of  tho  Arctic  Ocean,  one  of  (Lb 
New  Siberia  group,  N.  of  Asia.  Tho  name  is  sometime* 
given  to  the  whole  group. 

Liakhura,  a  mountain  of  Greece.    See  Parxarsus, 

Liamone,  lo-il-mo'n4  (anc.  Cercidiuif),  a  river  of  Crr- 
sica,  after  a  S.W.  course  of  2 1  miles  enters  the  Moditerranenn 
11  miles  N.  of  Ajaccio.  In  1793  it  gave  name  to  the  south- 
ernmost of  the  two  departments  of  the  island. 

Liampo,  a  city  of  China.    See  Nisg-Po, 

Lian-Choo,  Lian-Tchou,  le-in*-choo',  or  Liau> 
Tcheou-Fou,  le-in'-ch5-oo'-foo',  written  also  Lien* 
Tchou,  le-fin'-choo,  a  city  of  China,  in  Quang-Tong,  240 
miles  S.W.  of  Canton.     Lat.  21°  43'  N. ;  Ion.  109°  40'  E. 

Liancourt,  le&No'kooit',  a  town  of  France,  in  Oisc,  with 
a  station  on  the  Paris  &  Brussels  lUilway,  5  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Clermont.     Pop.  4005.     It  has  manufactures  of  shoes,  <t«. 

Liano,  le-Sn',  a  small  river  of  France,  in  Pas-dc-Calain, 
falls  into  the  English  Channel  and  forms  the  harbur  of 
Boulogne-sur-Mer. 

Liang-Choo,  Liang-Tchou,  le-4ng'-choo',  orLi* 
ang-Tcheou,  le-ing'-chS-oo',  a  city  of  China,  provini-" 
of  Kan-Soo,  140  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lan-Choo. 

LiaO'Toung,  or  Liao-Tong.    See  Leao-Tong. 

Liazominskoi,  le-^z'o-min-skoi',  an  island  of  Russia, 
government  of  Archangel,  in  the  White  Sea,  near  the  mouth 
of  the  Dwina.     Length,  13  miles. 

Libadia,  Greece.    See  Livadia. 

Libanus,  a  mountain-range  of  Syria.     Seo  Lebanon. 

Libau,  lee'bow  (Lettish,  Leupa'ia,  le-&-pi'i),  a  sea|Mjrt 
town  of  Russia,  Courland,  on  tho  Baltic,  N.  of  Lake  Libau, 
and  105  miles  W.S.W.  of  Mitau.  Pop.  27,418.  It  is  en- 
closed by  walls,  and  has  a  council-hall,  a  theatre,  a  hospital, 
extensive  almshouses,  and  an  orphan  asylum.  Its  harbor 
is  artificial.  Its  trade  is  considerable,  and  a  railway  con- 
nects, it  with  the  interior  of  Russia. 

Lib'by's  Corner,  a  village  of  Cumberland  co.,  Me., 
in  Deering  township,  1  mile  from  the  Portland  A  Ogdcns- 
burg  Railroad. 

Li'bcr,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jay  co.,  Ind.,  in  Wayne  town 
ship,  2  miles  from  Porthind.  It  has  a  church  and  an 
academy. 

Liberalitas  Julia,  an  ancient  name  of  Evora. 

Liberia,  li-bee're-a,  a  republic  on  tho  W.  coast  of  Africa, 
in  that  part  of  Upper  Guinea  called  the  Grain  Coast,  extend- 
ing from  Sherbro  River,  on  the  N.W.,  to  Pedro  River,  on 
the  S.E.  (an  estimated  distance  of  from  500  to  600  inilej). 
and  having  an  areji  of  some  15,000  square  miles.  It  was 
founded  as  a  colony  of  free  blacks  in  1820  by  the  American 
Colonization  Society,  with  the  idea  that  many  of  the  liber- 
ated slaves  in  tho  United  States  would  prefer  returning  to 
Africa.  The  whole  territory  of  Liberia  has  been  purchased 
from  time  to  time  from  its  original  owners.  It  is  well 
watered,  being  traversed  by  several  considerable  streams, 
and  its  natural  resources  are  immense.  Cotton  is  indige- 
nous, and  yields  two  crops  a  year.  Coffee  is  also  indigenous, 
and  affords  a  leading  article  of  export.  Sugar-cane  grows 
in  luxuriiince,  and  cam-wood  in  unlimited  quantities;  red- 
wood, bar-wood,  and  other  dyes  are  likewise  plentiful ;  the 
oil-palm  is  .abundant:  and  indigo, caoutchouc,  ginger,  arrow- 
root, cacao,  cocoa-nuts,  pine-apples,  castor-nuts,  yams,  plan- 


LIB 


1647 


CIB 


ains,  bananas,  figs,  olives,  tamarinds,  limes,  oranges,  lemons, 
fco.,  may  be  added  to  the  list  of  vegetable  products,  many 
if  whicli  are  exported  to  a  greater  or  less  extent.  Ivory  is 
•btainable;  and  rich  metallic  veins  also  exist.  A  consid- 
srabte  export  and  import  trade  is  now  carried  on;  and  a 
<arge  nuulber  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  interior  depend  upon 
Liiberia  for  their  supplies  of  imported  goods.  The  principal 
articles  of  import  are  tobacco,  cotton  manufactures,  spirits, 
»unpowder,  and  Hour.  The  exports  are  palm  oil,  palm  soap, 
ioffee,  cam-wood,  sugar,  arrowroot,  ivory,  &c. 
j  The  Liberia ns  have  built  for  themselves  many  churches, 
Lnd  possess  schools  and  a  number  of  printing-presses.  The 
slimate,  though  still  fatal  to  Europeans,  has  been  greatly 
improved  by  clearing,  drainage,  <tc.  Monrovia,  the  capi- 
ial  and  port  of  the  colony,  is  situated  on  Cape  Mesurado. 
the  government  of  the  country  is  precisely  on  the  American 
Inodel,  consisting  of  a  president,  a  vice-president,  a  senate, 
md  a  house  of  representatives,  the  number  of  members  in 
■he  former  being  6  and  in  the  latter  28.  Liberia  was  de- 
tlared  an  independent  state  in  July,  1847,  and  in  the  fol- 
lowing year  was  recognized  as  such  by  Groat  Britain  and 
France.  The  population  in  1891  wus  estimated  at  1,068,000, 
Lf  whom  1,0511,000  were  classed  as  of  aboriginal  stock,  and 

[he  balance  Amerioo-Liberians. Adj.  and  inbab.  Libe- 

(siAN,  li-bee're-au. 

i    Liberk,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Reichemberg. 
i   Libertad,  le-bfiii-tin' (?.e.,  "liberty"),  a  department 
in  the  N.W.  part  of  Peru,  consisting  of  a  long  narrow  tract, 
bounded  S.W.  by  the  sea.    Area,  15,649  square  miles.    Cap- 
ital, Trujillo.     Pop.  147,541. 

I  Lib'erton,  a  parish  and  village  of  Edinburghshire, 
BcoHiind,  CO.  and  21  miles  S.E.  of  centre  of  Edinburgh.  It 
Contains  part  of  the  burgh  and  suburbs  of  Edinburgh. 
Pop.  of  parish,  6026.  * 

i  Lib'erty,  a  northern  county  of  Florida,  has  an  area 
|)f  about  800  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
peklockonnee  Kiver,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Appalaohicola 
Biver.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it 
js  covered  with  pine  forests.  The  soil  is  sandy  and  inferior, 
^t  produces  a  little  sugar-cane,  maize,  &c.     Capital,  Bristol. 

op.  in  1870,  1050;  in  1880,  1362;  in  1890,  1452. 

Liberty,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an 
|.rca  of  about  966  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  oa  the  S.W. 
»y  the  Altamaha  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the  New- 
port River  and  Cannouchee  River,  which  touches  the  N. 
part  of  it.  The  surface  is  level,  and  mostly  covered  with 
forests  of  pine.  The  soil  is  sandy.  An  inlet  of  the  ocean 
senetrntes  to  the  eastern  extremity  of  this  county.  Cotton, 
lice,  Indian  corn,  sweet  potatoes,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Savannah,  Florida  & 
jiVestern  Railroad.  Capital,  Ilinesville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
f688;  in  1880,  10,649;  in  1890,  12,887. 

JLiberty,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
Irea  of  about  1170  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  through- 
out its  length,  from  N.  to  S.,  by  Trinity  River.  The  sur- 
jace  is  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The 
[oil  is  partly  fertile,  and  produces  pasture  for  great  numbers 
jf  cattle,  which  are  the  chief  articles  of  export.  Capital, 
jiberty.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Southern  Pacific  Rail- 
ioad.  Pop.  in  1870,  4414;  in  1880,  4999;  in  1890,  4230. 
t  Liberty,  a  post-office  of  Ouachita  co..  Ark. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  San  Joaquin  co.,  Cal.  P.  1231. 
f  Liberty,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bear  Lake  co.,  Idaho,  40 
biles  N.E.  of  Franklin,  and  15  miles  N.  of  Bear  Lake.  It 
pas  a  church.     Gold  and  silver  are  found  near  this  place. 

Liberty,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co..  111.,  in  Liberty 
|ownship,  about  15  miles  E.  of  Quincy.  It  has  several 
ihurches  and  a  flouring-mill.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1623. 
f  Liberty,  a  township  of  Effingham  co..  111.  Pop.  504. 
(  Liberty,  Randolph  co..  111.    See  Rockwood. 

!  Liberty,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  lnd.     Pop.  757. 
Liberty,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  lnd.     Pop.  1639. 
Liberty,  a  township  of  Fulton  co.,  lnd.     Pop.  1429. 
Liberty,  a  township  of  Grant  co.,  lnd.     Pop.  1989. 
t  Liberty,  a  township  of  Hendricks  oo.,  lnd.     Pop.  2478. 
t  contains  Belleville. 

I  Liberty,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  lnd.  Pop.  1884. 
Liberty,  a  township  of  Howard  co.,  lnd.  Pop.  1697. 
t  Liberty,  or  Trafalgar',  a  village  of  Johnson  co., 
lnd.  It  is  on  the  Franklin,  Fairland  &  Martinsville  Rail- 
oad,  7i  miles  S.W.  of  Franklin,  and  about  28  miles  S.  of 
(ndianapolis.  It  has  3  churches.  Pop.  about  200.  The 
liiame  of  its  post-office  is  Trafalgar. 

Liberty,  a  hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  lnd.,  on  the  East 
rork  of  White  River,  3  or  4  miles  S.W.  of  Bedford. 
Liberty,  a  township  of  Parke  co.,  lnd.     Pop.  1540. 
Liberty,  a  township  of  Porter  co.,  lnd.    Pop.  798. 


Liberty,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  lnd.     Pop.  1465. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  lnd.  Pop.  1384. 
It  contains  North  Liberty. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Tipton  co.,  lnd.     Pop.  1746. 

Liberty,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Union  co.,  lnd.,  in 
Centre  township,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Indianap- 
olis Railroad,  52  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cincinnati,  and  about 
15  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  a  court-house,  4 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  2  banks,  a  jail  which  cost 
$30,000,  a  fine  new  school-house  which  cost  $15,000,  and  a 
manufactory  of  farming-implements.    Pop.  in  1890,  1314. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  lnd.     Pop.  763. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  AVabash  co.,  lnd.  Pop.  1816. 
It  contains  La  Fontaine. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  lnd.     Pop.  1176. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Wells  co.,  lnd.  Pop.  1097.  It 
contains  Liberty  Centre. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  White  co.,  lnd.     Pop.  888. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Buchanan  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1217. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Cherokee  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  175. 

Liberty,  a  post-hamlet  in  Liberty  township,  Clarke 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  Otter  Creek,  about  35  miles  S.  of  Des  Moines. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  925. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  825. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  924. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1071. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  614. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1080. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Lucas  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  820. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1574. 
It  contains  Marysville. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Marshall  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  760. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Mitchell  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  305. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  O'Brien  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  282. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Ringgold  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  395. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Scott  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1043. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1031. 
It  contains  Liberty  Centre. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Woodbury  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  374. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Wright  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  304. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Cofl'ey  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  483. 
It  contains  Bangor. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  293. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Geary  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  274. 
Here  is  Moss  Springs  Post-Office. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
494.     Here  are  the  past-offices  of  Lyona  and  Woodbine. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Elk  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  585. 
Here  is  Indian  Creek  Post-Office. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Kansas.     P.  515. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Labette  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  752. 
It  contains  Labette. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Linn  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  660. 
Here  is  Goodrich  Post-Office. 

Liberty,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Liberty  township,  on  Big  Hill  Creek,  and  on  the  Leaven- 
worth, Lawrence  <fc  Galveston  Railroad,  47  miles  S.  by  W. 
of  Humboldt,  and  about  8  miles  S.E.  of  Independence.  It 
has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  749. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Osborne  co.,  Kansas.     P.  179. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  365. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Saline  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  856. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Woodson  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
642.     Here  are  the  post-offices  Byron  and  Coloma. 

Liberty,  a  vilhige  of  Carroll  co.,  Ky.   See  Bramlette. 

Liberty,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Casey  co.,  Ky.,  on 
Green  River,  about  66  miles  S.  of  Frankfort.  It  has  a 
court-house,  3  churches,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  about  300. 

Liberty,  a  post-village  of  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  in  Liberty 
township,  on  St.  George  River,  about  26  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Augusta.  It  has  water-power  and  several  saw-mills.  Poj). 
of  the  township,  907. 

Liberty,  Maryland.    See  Libertytown. 

Liberty,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  in  Liberty 
township,  12  miles  S.  of  Jackson.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
grist-mill.     Pop.  about  250;  of  the  township,  1027. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Becker  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  368. 

Liberty,  a  hamlet  of  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn.,  about  24 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Mankato. 

Liberty,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  Minn. 

Liberty,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Amite  co.,  Miss.,  is 
near  the  Amite  River,  about  50  miles  S.E.  of  Natchez.  It 
has  5  churches.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Adair  co..  Mo.     Pop.  854. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Bollinger  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1680. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Callaway  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1646. 


LIB 


T648 


tTB 


Liberty*  a  township  of  Capo  Girardonu  co.,  Mo.     P.  S70. 

Liberty^  a  post-town,  cnuital  of  Cltiy  CO.,  Mo.,  in  Liberty 
township,  on  the  Hiinnibal  A  St.  Joseph  Hivilrond,  14  iiiilos 
M.B.  of  Kansiis  City,  and  'ii  milos  N.  of  the  Missouri  lliver. 
It  contains  a  tine  oourt-houso,  2  private  banks,  2  newspaper 
"  offices,  a  high  school,  the  Clay  Seminary  for  young  ladies,  5 
ohurohos,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  ploughs,  woollen  fab< 
rios,  and  wagons,  ilero  is  Williniu  Jewell  College  ( liaptist), 
organiied  in  184S.     Pop.  in  1890,  2368 ;  of  township,  4872. 

liiberty,  a  township  of  Cole  oo..  Mo.     Pop.  901. 

liiberty«  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1071. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Daviess  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  781. 

liibcrty,  a  township  of  Orundy  oo..  Mo.     Pop.  1036. 

Ijiberty,  a  township  of  Iron  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  479. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Macon  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  1210,  ex- 
etusive  of  Maoon. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Madison  oo..  Mo.     Pop.  480. 

Liberty,  a  township  cf  Marion  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  3871.  It 
•ontiiins  Palmyra. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Phelps  oo..  Mo.     Pop.  470. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Pulaski  oo.,  Mo.     Pop.  89.1. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1174. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Schuyler  co..  Mo.  Pop.  1529. 
It  contains  Lancaster. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  St.  Frangois  oo..  Mo.  Pop.  1405. 
It  contains  Liberty  villo. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Stoddard  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1307. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Sullivan  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  772. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Washington  co..  Mo.    Pop.  879. 

Liberty,  a  post-office  of  Qage  co.,  Neb.,  20  miles  S.£. 
of  Beatrice. 

Liberty,  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.    See  Cohocton. 

Liberty,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Liberty 
township,  on  the  New  York  &  Oswego  Midland  Kailroad, 
107  miles  N.N.W.  of  New  York,  and  about  32  miles  N.  of 
Port  Jervis.  It  contains  2  or  3  churches,  the  Liberty  Nor- 
mal Institute,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  about  400. 
The  township  contains  post-hamlets  named  Parksville  and 
Stevensville,  and  a  pop.  of  3343. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Lincoln  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1170. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Nash  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  2860. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  1009. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Yadkin  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1588. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  0.    Pop.  1377. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Butler  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1443.  It 
contains  Bethany. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  0.  Pop.  1184.  It 
contains  Port  William  and  Lumberton. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  0.  Pop.  1597.  It 
contains  Annapolis, 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  0.     Pop.  1395. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.  Pop.  3000.  It 
contains  Baltimore  and  Basil. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Guernsey  CO.,  0.  Pop.  1163.  It 
contains  Kimbolton. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Hancock  co.,  0 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Hardin  co.,  0. 
contains  the  village  of  Ada. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  0. 
contains  Liberty  Centre. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Highland  co.,  0. 
It  contains  llillsborough. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  0.     Pop.  1747. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  0.     Pop.  959. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Licking  co.,  0.    Pop.  837. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Logan  co.,  0.     Pop.  1624. 
contains  AVest  Liberty. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Mercer  co.,  0.     Pop.  779. 
.     Liberty,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  0.,  about  9 
'miles  W.S.W.  of  Dayton.     It  has  2  churches,  a  graded 
school,  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and  cigars, 
t     Liberty,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  0.    Pop.  1120.    It 
i  contains  Leipsic. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Ross  co.,  0. 
leontains  Londonderry  and  London  Station 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Seneca  co.,  0. 
contains  Bettsville. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Trumbull  oo.,  0 
It  contains  Church  Hill  and  Girard. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  0.     Pop.  1414. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Van  Wert  co.,  0.     Pop.  1174. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  0.  Pop.  1632. 
JJ,  contains  Dalzell  and  Germantown. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Wood  co.,  0.     Pop.  965. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  860. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Bedford  co..  Pa.  Pop.  806,  ex- 
elusive  of  the  borough  of  Saxton. 


Pop.  1011. 
Pop.  2308.    It 

Pop.  1766.     It 

Pop.  5189. 


It 


Pop.  1460. 
Pop.  1668. 
Pop.  2420 


It 


Liberty,  a  township  of  Centre  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1062. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  McKean  co..  Pa.,  traversed  by 
Alleghany  Kivcr.     Pop.  1093.     It  contains  Portiigo  Creek. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Meroor  co..  Pa.     Pop.  634. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Montour  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1229. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  on  th* 
New  York  line.     Pop.  1030. 

Liberty  (sometimes  called  Block  House),  a  post- 
village  of  Tioga  CO.,  Pa.,  in  Liberty  township,  about  24 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Williamsport.  It  has  a  graded  school 
several  churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  brewery.  Coal  is  found 
near  this  place.     Pop.  about  500  ;  of  the  township,  1379. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Orangeburg  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  408. 

Liberty,  a  post-office  of  Pickens  co.,  S.C,  and  a  station 
on  the  Atlanta  &  Richmond  Air-Line  Railroad,  141  milet 
N.E.  of  Atlanta,  Ga. 

Liberty,  a  post-village  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Tenn.,  about  50 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Nashville.  It  has  2  churches,  an  acad- 
emy,  a  plough-factory,  2  grist-mills,  and  a  drug-storo.  Pop. 
about  400. 

Liberty,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Liberty  co.,  Tcs.,  on 
the  E.  bank  of  Trinity  River,  about  22  miles  from  its  en- 
trance into  Galveston  Bay,  and  on  the  Texas  &  New  Orleans 
Railroad,  40  miles  E.  of  Houston,  and  60  miles  N^  of  (jal- 
veston.  Steamboats  can  ascend  to  this  place  in  all  seasons. 
It  has  a  newspaper  office,  4  churches,  a  hotel,  a  drug-store, 
a  saw-mill,  a  lumber-factory,  and  general  stores.  Pop, 
about  700. 

Liberty,  formerly  a  post-village,  capital  of  Bedford 
CO.,  Va.     See  Bedpokd  Citv. 

Liberty,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co.,  W.  Va.,  11  niilei 
(direct)  N.E.  of  Winfield,  the  capital  of  tho  county.  It  bu 
a  blacksmith-shop  and  general  storeg.     Pop.  about  100. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Grant  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  882. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Manitowoc  co.,  Wis.     P.  1420. 

Liberty,  a  township  of  Outagamie  co.,  Wis.     P.  499. 

Liberty,  a  post-office  of  Vernon  co.,  Wis.,  in  Liberty 
township,  on  Kickapoo  River,  about  40  miles  S.E.  of  Ls 
Crosse.     Pop.  of  township,  447. 

Liberty  Bluff,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Marquettt 
CO.,  Wis.,  in  Springfield  township,  on  the  railroad  bctwem 
Portage  and  Stevens  Point,  31  miles  N.  of  Portage. 

Liberty  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa, 
about  30  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  2  churchai 
and  a  graded  school. 

Liberty  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wells  co.,  Ind.,  I 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Bluffton.  t 

Liberty  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  0.,  ir: 
Liberty  township,  near  the  Maumee  River,  and  on  the' 
Wabash  Railroad,  28  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Toledo.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  union  school,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  500. 

Liberty  Corner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J., 
about  12  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Morristown.  It  has  a  church 
and  manufactures  of  carriages. 

Liberty  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co.,  0. 

Liberty  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co..  Pa., 
5  miles  S.  of  Towanda.     It  has  a  church. 

Liberty  Falls,  a  post-village  and  station  of  Sullivan 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Liberty  township,  on  tho  Midland  Railroad,  3S 
miles  W.  of  Middletown.  It  has  a  tannery,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Liberty  Furnace,  a  post-haralet  of  Shenandoah  co., 
Va.,  12  miles  W.  of  Edenburg.  It  has  an  iron-furnaco. 
Pop.  about  150. 

Liberty  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  on  tha 
Philadelphia  &  Baltimore  Central  Railroad,  6  miles  N.E.  of 
Port  Deposit. 

Liberty  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hill  co.,  Tex. 

Liberty  Grove,  a  township  of  Door  co..  Wis.,  forms 
the  N.  extremity  of  the  Green  Bay  peninsula.     Pop.  672. 

Liberty  Hall,  a  post-office  of  Breckenridge  co.,  Ky. 

Liberty  Hall,  a  post-office  of  Newberry  co.,  S.C,  14 
miles  N.  of  Newberry  Court-llouse. 

Liberty  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  5  uiilei 
from  Martin's  Station. 

Liberty  Hill,  a  post-hamlct  of  New  London  co.,  Conn., 
about  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Hartford.  Liberty  Hill  Station  is 
on  the  Boston  &  New  York  Air-Lino  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W. 
of  AVillimantic. 

Liberty  Hill,  a  small  post-village  of  Pike  co.,  Oa., 
about  46  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Atlanta. 

Liberty  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bienville  parish,  La.| 
64  miles  W.S.W.  of  Monroe.     It  has  a  church. 

Liberty  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C. 

Liberty  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Kershaw  co.,  S.C. 

Liberty  Hill,  a  post-hamlct  of  Grainger  co.,  Tenn., 
22  milos  N.  of  New  Market.     It  has  a  church. 


LIB 


T649 


LtO 


Liberty  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Williamson  co.,  Tex., 
bout  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Austin.     Pop.  47. 

Liberty  Landing,  a  station  in  Clay  co.,  Mo.,  near  Lib- 
rty,  on  the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas 
!ity<fc  Northern  Railroad,  32  miles  above  Lexington. 
1  Liberty  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Wabash  co.,  Ind.,  on 
Jel  River,  and  on  the  Eel  River  Railroad,  15  miles  S.W.  of 
Columbia.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  furniture, 
umber,  Ac.     Pop.  about  250. 

i  Liberty  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co.,  Va.,  on 
he  Rapidan  River,  6i  miles  W.  of  Orange  Court-llouse. 
[t  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  brooms,  &c. 
j  Liberty  Peak,  Montana,  is  in  Gallatin  co.,  very  near 

[nion  Pass.     Its  height  is  computed  to  be  9162  feet. 
Liberty  Pole,  a  post-village  of  Vernon  co.,  Wis.,  in 
.ranklin  township,  4  or  5  miles  S.W.  of  Viroqua,  and  25 
hilcs  N.E.  of  Lansing,  Iowa.     It  has  2  churches. 
I  Liberty  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison 
jo.,  111.,  3  miles  N.  of  Edwardsville.     It  has  a  church. 
I  Liberty  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co..  Wis. 

Liberty  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Ark., 
fO  miles  N.  of  Lewisburg. 

t Liberty  Square,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa., 
Drumore  township,  about  15  miles  S.  of  Lancaster. 
Liberty  Store,  a  post-office  of  Guilford  co.,  N.C. 
Lib'ertytown,  or  Liberty,  a  post- village  of  Freder- 
k  CO.,  Md.,  37  miles  W.N.W.  of  Baltimore,  and  12  miles 
f^.E.  of  Frederick.   It  has  5  stores,  4  churches,  an  academy, 
I  newspaper  office,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  (estimated)  600. 
[  Lib'ertyville,  a  post-village  in  Libertyvillo  township, 
fjake  CO.,  III.,  on  the  Des  Plaines  River,  about  36  miles 
N^.N.W.  of  Chicago.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  550 ;  of  the 
township,  1694.      Libertyville  Station  is  on  the  Chicago, 
tlilwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  32  miles  from  Chicago. 
j  Libertyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vigo  co.,  Ind.,  in  Fay- 
jtte  townshiyj,  about  10  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Terre  Haute. 
I  Libertyville,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Iowa, 
;n  Liberty  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  <fc  Pacific 
llailroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Fairfield.     It  has  2  churches,  a 
llough-factory,  and  a  graded  school. 

j  Libertyville,  a  post-village  of  St.  Franfois  co.,  Mo., 
bout  70  miles  S.  of  St.  Louis,  It  has  a  church,  a  high 
bhool,  and  a  flour-mill. 

I  Libertyville,  a  small  post-village  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J., 
J9  miles  N.W.  of  Paterson.  It  has  a  church. 
j  Libertyville,  a  hamlet  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y.,  8  miles 
|f.  of  Ithaca.  Here  is  South  Lansing  Post-Office. 
*  Libertyville,  a  post-village  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Vallkill  River,  3  miles  from  Lake  Mohunk,  and  about  16 
piles  S.W.  of  Rondout.    It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and 

saw-mill. 
I  Libethen,   le-bi't^n    (Hun.  Libeth-Banya,    lee^bfitt'- 
■In'ySh*),  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Sohl,  14  miles  E.  of 
feusohl.     Pop.  1530.     It  has  mines  of  iron  and  copper. 
;  Libiczium,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Leibjjitz. 
[  Libisosona,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Lezuza. 

Libochowitz,  le-boK'o-'ft^its,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  10 
(liles  S.W.  of  Leitmeritz.  Pop.  1968. 
'  Libokovo,  le-bo-ko'vo,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
Ubania,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Argyro-Castro. 
j  Libourne,  lee^boonn'  (anc.  Condati  Lillse,  or  Libur'- 
Uim  f),  a  town  and  river-port  of  France,  in  Gironde,  capital 
[f  an  arrondissement,  on  the  Dordogne,  at  its  junction  with 
:he  Isle,  and  on  the  railway  from  Tours,  20  miles  E.N.E. 
[f  Bordeaux.  Pop.  12,872.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and 
as  large  cavalry  barracks,  manufactories  of  woollen  stuffs, 
lass,  leather,  nails,  iron,  and  cordage,  yards  for  ship-build- 
ig,  a  port  admitting  vessels  of  300  tons  at  high  water,  and 
'  considerable  traffic  with  Bordeaux  in  wines,  brandy,  salt, 
jnd  grain.  It  was  founded  in  1286  by  Edward  I.,  King  of 
pngland. 

!  Li'brary,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  about  13 
[liles  S.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  circulating 
[ibrary. 

j  Libreville,  a  town  of  France.  See  Charleville. 
j  Liburnura,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Leghor.v. 
j  Libya,  lib'e-a  (Ur.  Ai/3v»),  Libue),  the  ancient  Greek 
!  ame  of  Africa.  It  was  sometimes  applied  in  a  restricted 
lense  to  the  region  immediately  W.  of  Egypt,  extending 
00  or  300  miles  from  E.  to  W.,  and  of  an  indefinite  breadth 
rom  N.  to  S. — —Adj.  and  inhab.  Libyan,  lib'e-an. 

Lib'yan  Des'ert,  tha-t  part  of  the  Sahara  or  Great 
>esert  bounded  N.  by  Tripoli,  E.  by  Egypt  and  Nubia,  S. 
y  Darfoor  and  Waday,  and  AV.  by  Fezzan  and  the  country 
f  the  Tibboos.  Here  the  continent  of  Africa  shelves  down 
owards  the  Mediterranean  in  a  series  of  terraces,  consisting 
t  vast  level  sandy  or  gravelly  deserts,  lying  E.  and  W., 


separated  by  low,  rocky  ridges.  This  desert  is  probably  not 
less  than  1000  miles  in  length  from  N.  to  S.,  and  from  500 
to  600  miles  in  breadth.  It  contains  the  oasis  of  Seewah, 
with  the  town  of  the  same  name,  about  lat.  20°  12'  N.,  Ion. 
26°  15'  E.,  near  which  is  the  village  of  Ghanny. 

Libyssa,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Uarakah. 

Licata,  a  town  of  Sicily.    See  Alicata. 

Licca,  a  river  of  Austria.    See  Lika. 

Liccnza,  le-chfin'zi  (anc.  Digen'tiat),  a  village  of 
Italy,  12  miles  from  Tivoli,  on  a  mountain-stream,  cele- 
brated by  Horace.  The  poet's  Sabine  villa  stood  about 
midway  between  the  road  and  the  river.     Pop.  1270. 

Lich,  Hk,  a  town  of  Central  Germany,  Hesse,  province 
of  Obcr-Hessen,  on  the  Wetter,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Giessen. 
Pop.  2360,  mostly  Lutherans, 

Lich'field,  sometimes,  but  rarely,  written  Litcti'field, 
a  city,  and  county  of  itself,  of  England,  in  the  county  of 
Stafford,  on  the  Grand  Junction  Canal,  at  a  railway  junction, 
17  miles  E.S.E.  of  Stafford,  and  110  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lon- 
don. It  stands  on  a  fine  plain,  and  is  mostly  well  built. 
The  cathedral,  one  of  the  noblest  ecclesiastical  edifices  in 
the  kingdom,  is  built  in  the  rich  style  of  the  thirteenth  and 
fourteenth  centuries.  Lichfield  has  also  a  large  episcopal 
palace,  a  deanery,  fine  parish  churches,  a  grammar-school, 
a  divinity  college,  an  ancient  hospital  and  numerous  other 
charities,  a  workhouse,  a  guild  hall,  jail,  theatre,  a  market- 
house,  2  branch  banks,  excellent  breweries,  and  manufac- 
tories of  carpets,  paper,  beer,  coaches,  linens,  Ac.  Lichfield 
formerly  sent  a  member  to  rarliiimcnt.    Pop.  in  1891,  7864. 

Lichtaert,  liKHaRt',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
and  23  miles  E.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  1700. 

Lichten,  liK't^n,  a  village  of  Austrian  Silesia,  on  thn 
llaben,  12  miles  from  Freudenthal.     Pop.  2003. 

Lichtenau,liK'teh-now\  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Baden, 
26  miles  S.W.  of  Carl'sruhe.     Pop.  1249. 

Lichtenau,  Ober  and  Nieder,  o'b^r  and  nce'd^r  liic'* 
tQh-n6w\  two  nearly  contiguous  villages  of  Prussia,  prov- 
ince of  Silesia,  W.S.W.  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  2311. 

Lichtenau,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassau,  on  the 
Losse,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Cassel.     Pop.  1393. 

Lichtenau,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  47  miles 
S.  of  Minden,  on  the  Sauer.     Pop.  1315. 

Lichtenberg,  liK't?n-b5RG\  a  former  principality  of 
Germany,  now  in  the  S.  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  between  Rhen- 
ish Bavaria  and  Birkenfeld.  It  was  ceded  to  Prussia  by 
the  Duke  of  Saxe-Coburg-Gotha  in  1834. 

Lichtenberg,  liK't^n-beno  (Fr.  pron.  leekH6N»'baiR'), 
a  village  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Zabcrn. 
Pop.  1074. 

Lichtenburg,  liK't§n-booRG\  a  village  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  government  and  48  miles  N.N.E.  of  Merseburg. 

Lichtenfels,  liK'ten-fdIs\  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
Main,  and  on  the  Nuremberg  &  Neumarkt  Railway,  20 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Bamberg.     Pop.  2309. 

Lichtensteg,  liK't?n-stfiG\  a  town  of  Switzerland,  16 
miles  S.W.  of  St.  Gall,  on  the  Thur.     Pop.  1039. 

Lichtenstein,  liK't?n-stine\  or  Liechtenstein, 
lecK'ten-stine^  a  town  of  Saxony,  14  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Chemnitz,  near  a  mountain  crowned  by  a  castle.     Pop.  4725. 

Lichtenstein,  a  state  of  Europe.    See  Liechtenstein. 

Lichtenvoorde,  liK't^n-voR^eh,  a  village  of  the 
Netherlands,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Groenlo.     Pop.  3626. 

Lichtervelde,  liK't^r-vfird^h,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in 
West  Flanders,  13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bruges.  Pop.  6644.  It 
has  manufactures  of  tobacco,  leather,  beer,  &g. 

Lichty,  lik'te,  a  staticfti  in  Berks  co..  Pa.,  is  the  W. 
terminus  of  the  Breinigsville  Branch  of  the  Catasauqua- 
<fc  Fogelsville  Railroad,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Catasauqua. 

Lichwin,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Likhvin. 

Lick,  Lyk,  lik,  or  Oelk,  61k,  a  town  of  East  Prussia, 
55  miles  S.  of  Gumbinnen,  on  the  Lake  of  Lick.  Pop. 
5912.     It  has  manufactures  of  woollens,  leather,  and  paper. 

Lick,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  0.  Pop.  3746.  It 
contains  Jackson,  the  county  seat. 

Lick  Creek,  Indiana,  rises  in  Orange  co.,  runs  west- 
ward, and  enters  the  East  Fork  of  White  River  in  the  S. 
part  of  Martin  co. 

Lick  Creek,  of  Ralls  co..  Mo.,  flows  N.  into  Salt  River. 

Lick  Creek,  Ohio,  enters  Tiffin  River  in  Defiance  co. 

Lick  Creek,  Tennessee,  runs  southwestward  through 
Greene  co.,  and  enters  the  French  Broad  River  aboui  9 
miles  S.E.  of  Morristown. 

Lick  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  oo..  111.,  12  miles 
N.E.  of  Anna.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Lick  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  Ind.,  12  miles 
S.W.  of  Orleans. 

Lick  Creek,  a  township  of  Davis  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1444.- 


LIO 


1«S0 


LIE 


Lick  Creek(aU>wn8hipofVanBurenoo.,Iowa.  P.9&4. 

Lick  Creek,  a  hamlet  of  Ciu-roU  co.,  Ky.,  i  mile  from 
Liberty  lloilrood  Stotion.     It  has  a  ohuroh. 

Lick  Creek,  a  po«t-offio«  of  Davidson  oo.,  N.C. 

Lick  Creek,  a  station  in  Groono  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
East  TenneMee,  Virginia  A  Georgia  liailroad,  4  miles  S.E. 
of  RogorDvillo  junotion. 

Lick  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Hiolcman  oo.,  Tenn. 

Lick  Fork,  a  station  in  Wood  oo.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Laurel  Fork  <fe  Sand  Ilill  Hailroad. 

Lick'iug,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Ohio,  has  an 
area  of  about  680  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Licking  River  and  its  North  and  South  Forks,  which  unite 
at  Newark,  and  by  Raccoon  Creek.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating or  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  is  very  fertile,  almost  the  whole  of  it 
being  cultivable.  Indian  corn,  wool,  wheat,  bay,  oats,  and 
butter  are  the  staple  products.  Among  Its  minerals  are 
coal  and  sandstone.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  & 
St.  Louis  Railroad,  the  Ohio  Central  Lines,  and  other  rail- 
roads. Capital,  Newark.  Pup.  in  1870,  35,756;  in  1880, 
40,450;  in  1890,  43,279. 

Licking,  a  township  of  Crawford  co..  111.     Pop.  1625. 

Licking,  a  township  of  Blackford  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  2185. 
It  contains  Uartford. 

Licking,  a  post-village  of  Texas  co.,  Mo.,  40  miles  S. 
of  Holla,  and  130  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  3  churches 
and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Licking,  a  township  of  Licking  co.,  0.  Pop.  850.  It 
contains  Jackson. 

Licking,  a  township  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.     Pop.  992. 

Licking,  a  township  of  Clarion  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1218. 
It  contains  Callcnsburg. 

Licking  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Fulton  co.,  runs 
8.,  and  enters  the  Potomac  in  Washington  co.,  M<1 

Licking  Creek,  a  township  of  Fulton  oo.,  Pa.     P.  925. 

Licking  Itiver,  Kentucky,  rises  in  the  E.  part  of  the 
state,  runs  northwestward  through  Mugotfin  and  Morgan 
COS.,  and  forms  the  boundary  between  the  cos.  of  Rowan 
and  Fleming  on  the  right,  and  Menifee,  Bath,  and  Nicholas 
on  the  loft.  Its  direction  is  constantly  northwestward,  ex- 
cept short  deviations  (2  or  3  miles)  to  the  right  and  left. 
It  enters  the  Ohio  River  opposite  Cincinnati,  between  Cov- 
ington and  Newport.  Length,  about  220  miles.  Small 
steamboats  can  ascend  about  45  miles.  A  small  river,  called 
the  South  Licking,  drains  parts  of  Bourbon  and  Nicholas 
COS.,  runs  northward  through  Harrison  co.,  and  enters  the 
Licking  at  Falmouth.  Its  North  Fork  runs  westward 
through  Mason  co.,  drains  part  of  Bi-acken  co.,  and  enters 
the  Licking  about  10  miles  S.E.  of  Falmouth. 

Licking  River,  Ohio,  is  formed  by  the  North  Fork, 
the  South  Fork,  and  Raccoon  Creek,  which  unite  at  Newark. 
The  river  runs  eastward  to  Muskingum  co.,  and  southeast- 
ward to  Zanesville,  where  it  enters  the  Muskingum  River. 
It  is  about  80  miles  long,  including  the  North  Fork,  which 
rises  in  Knox  co.  and  runs  nearly  southward.  The  other 
branches  rise  in  Licking  co. 

Licking  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Muskingum  co.,  0., 
on  the  Licking  River,  and  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Rail- 
road, at  Pleasant  Valley  Station,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Zanes- 
villc.     It  has  a  church. 

Lick'ingville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarion  oo.,  Pa.,  10 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Tionesta.  It  has  a  church,  a  lumber- 
mill,  &o. 

Lick'ley's  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Hillsdale  co., 
Mich.,  about  33  miles  S.  of  Jackson. 

Lick  Log  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  N.C. 

Lick  ]>Iountain,  a  post-office  of  Conway  co.,  Ark. 

Lick  Run,  Athens  co.,  0.    See  Bbettlajjd. 

Lick  Run,  a  station  in  Doddridge  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Middle  Island  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Smithton. 

Lick  Run  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Botetourt  co.,  Va. 

Lick  Run  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Clearfield  oo..  Pa., 
in  Goshen  township,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susque- 
hanna River,  5  miles  below  Clearfield.  It  is  a  depot  for 
lumber,  and  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  church. 

Licks'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  1 
mile  from  Tuscarora  Station. 

Licodia,  le-ko'de-&,  or  Santa  Maria  di  Licodia, 
sin'tA.  ra&-roe'&  dee  le-ko'de-&,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Catania,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Caltagirone.     Pop.  5656. 

Licosa,  Punta  di,  Italy.    See  Cape  Licosa. 

Licques,  leek,  a  town  of  France,  in  Pas-de-Calais,  15 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Boulogne.     Pop.  1464. 

Lida,  lee'dH,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  70 
aules  EJf.E.  of  Grodno.    Pop.  3715. 


Li'da,  a  post-office  of  Chase  co.,  Kansas. 

Lidu,  a  poKt-office  of  Esmeralda  co.,  Nov.,  about  SM 
miles  S.E.  of  Virginia  City.     Silver  is  found  here. 

Lid'del,  a  river  of  Scotland,  rises  in  u  bug  in  the  coustr 
of  Roxburgh,  flows  S.W.  for  obout  24  miles  (for  a  part  of 
which  it  divides  Scotland  from  England),  and  JDins  tht 
Esk  3  miles  above  Lungtown,  England.     Sec  Liddkhuauc. 

Lid^dcll',  a  post-lmnilot  of  Muntgoniery  co.,  Mis«,,  8^ 
miles  E.  of  Vaidcn.     It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  gri^t-uiilL 

LiddCN,  lid'd^  or  lidd,  a  villagu  of  Switzerland,  cantOD 
of  Valais,  in  the  valley  of  Entruuiont,  on  the  rood  from 
Murtigny  to  the  Great  St.  Bernard.     Pop.  1222. 

Lid'desdale,  a  valley  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Dumfries,  OD 
the  English  border,  traversed  by  the  river  Liddul, 

Lidcricus,  the  sujiposod  ancient  name  of  the  Lois,' 

Lidi,  islands  of  Italy.    See  Liih). 

Lidingoe,  lee'din-gii^ih,  an  island  of  Sweden,  in  tbt 
Channel,  a  little  N.E.  of  Stockholm.  It  is  a  great  holiday 
resort  for  the  inhabitants  of  that  city. 

LidkUping,  or  Lidkjopiug,  lid'uho'ping,  a  town  of 
Sweden,  Itun  and  30  miles  S.W.  of  Mariestadt,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Lid-an  in  Lake  Wcner.  Pop.  4300.  It  has  a  mar- 
ket-place, in  which,  on  the  29th  of  September,  one  of  the 
most  frequented  fairs  in  the  kingdom  is  held.  It  is  a  rail- 
way terminus. 

Lid'ney,  or  Lyd'ney,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  and  16) 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Gloucester,  at  a  railway  junction,  on  a 
bank  of  the  Severn.     Pop.  2898. 

Lido,  lee'do  (or  in  the  plural  Lidi,  lee'dco),  a  chain  of 
sandy  islands  of  Italy,  forming  a  curve  between  the  riven 
Brenta  and  Piave,  separating  the  lagoons  of  Venice  from 
the  Adriatic.  They  contain  several  small  forts.  Of  tliM* 
islands  that  of  Malamocco  is  generally  called  the  Lido, 

Lidzborg,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  LAUTE:(nuuG. 

Liebau,  lee'bdw,  a  town  of  Moravia,  18  miles  N.£.of 
Prerau.     Pop.  4019. 

Liebau,  lee'bSw,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  34  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  4925,  mostly  weavers. 

Liebemiihl,  lee'b^h-mUr,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  72 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Konigsberg.     Pop.  2254. 

Liebenau,  lee'b^h-nSw^  a  town  of  Bohemia,  19  milei 
N.E.  of  Buntzlau.     Pop.  2282. 

Liebenstein,  lee'b?n-6tlnc\  or  Saucrbrunn,  sSw*. 
?r-bro6n*,  a  watering-place  of  Saxe-Meiningen,  in  a  beau- 
tiful valley,  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Gotha.  It  has  a  very 
complete  bathing-establishment,  with  a  theatre.  The  water 
is  one  of  the  strongest  chalybeates  in  Germany. 

Liebenthal,  lee'b^n-tilP,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 31 
miles  S.W.  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  1852. 

Liebenthal  Iluhen,  lee'b^n-t&P  hii'^n,  a  village  of 
Prussian  Silesia,  circle  of  Schiinau.     Pop.  1027. 

Liebcnwalde,  lee'b?n-*fi,rd?h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Brandenburg,  37  miles  N.N.E.  of  Potsdam,  on  the  llaveL 

LiebeuAverda,  lee'b^n-^drMd,  a  town  of  Prussiaa 
Saxony,  60  miles  E.N.E.  of  Merseburg,  on  an  isknd  in  the 
Black  Elster.     Pop.  3028. 

Liebenzell,  lee'b^n-tsdir,  or  Zell,  ts211,  a  town  of 
Wiirtemberg,  20  miles  W.  of  Stuttgart,  on  the  Nagold.  It 
has  mineral  baths,  and  important  linen-markets.  Pop.  1395, 

Lieberose,  lee'b^r-o'z^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Bran- 
denburg, 33  miles  S.S.W.  of  Frankfort.     Pop.  1589. 

LiebervolkAvitz,  lee'b^r-folk'^its,  or  Licberwolk- 
witz,  lee'b^r-^olk^^its,  a  town  of  Saxony,  5^  miles  S.E. 
of  Leipsic.     Pop.  1806. 

Liebstadt,  leeb'stAt,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  54  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Konigsberg,  on  the  Muhl.     Pop.  2369. 

Liechtenstein,  IceK't^n-stine^  or  Lichtenstcin, 
liK't^n-stine",  a  very  small  principality  of  Europe,  bounded 
on  the  N.E.  and  E.  by  the  Austrian  crown-land  of  Vorarl- 
berg  and  the  Tyrol,  S.  by  the  Swiss  canton  of  Gi-isons, 
and  W.  by  the  Rhine,  which  separates  it  from  the  canton 
of  St.  Gall.  In  the  N.  it  terminates  almost  in  a  ])oint 
Greatest  length,  from  N.  to  S.,  15  miles;  average  breadth, 
about  5  miles  ;  area,  68  square  miles.  Vaduz  is  the  capital. 
The  family  of  Liechtenstein  is  a  branch  from  that  of  Este. 
The  prince  has  extensive  domains  in  Germany  ami  in  Mo- 
ravia. Pop.  8664,  mostly  German  Catholics,  who  pay  no 
direct  taxes  and  are  liable  to  no  military  service.  The 
state,  though  nominally  independent,  is  practically  under 
Austrian  control,  being  connected  with  Austria  by  a  cus- 
toms-union, and  subject,  to  somo  extent,  to  Austrian  legal 
administration. 

Liechtenstein,  a  town  of  Saxony.    See  Lichtknstein, 

Liedekerke,  lee'd^h-kin'k^h,  a  village  of  Belgium, 
in  Brabant,  12  miles  W.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  2729. 

Liedolsheim,  lee'dol8-hime\  a  village  of  Baden.  l» 
miles  N.  of  Carlsruhe.    Pop.  2078. 


LIE 


1651 


LIG 


Liefkenshoek,  leef'k9n3-hook\  a  fort  of  Belgium,  in 
;  St  Flanders,  on  the  Scheldt,  7i  milea  N.W.  of  Antwerp, 
(oosite  Fort  Lillo. 

Liefland,  a  government  of  Russia.  See  Livonia. 
,Liege,  leej  (Fr.  Liifje,  le-aizh'j  L.  Leo'dium;  Dutch, 
.i/k  or  Luik,  loik;  Gcr.  LUttich,  lUt'tiK),  a  city  of  Bel- 
jim,  capital  of  a  province,  54  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Brussels. 
/Stands  in  a  valley  terminated  W.  by  a  hill,  called  Sainte- 
"xlburge,  and  E.  by  another  hill,  called  Le  Cornillon,  and 
itraversed  from  S.W.  to  N.E.  by  the  Meuse,  which  is  here 
ped  by  the  Ourthe.  It  is  an  important  railway  centre, 
id  has  a  great  citadel  and  other  fortifications.  Liege  is 
(s  Birmingham  of  Belgium,  and  hence  on  approaching  it 
1i)  first  thing  usually  seen  is  a  dense  cloud  of  smoke.  The 
(leets  in  the  old  quarters  are  narrow,  but  the  new  boule- 
''rds  and  streets  are  generally  elegant.  The  rivers  are 
iberally  lined  with  stone  quays,  several  of  which  are  well 
I'^ntcd  and  form  good  promenades,  and  there  are  many 
I'lares  which  aiford  open  space.  The  principal  buildings  are 
1)  cathedral  of  St.  Paul,  in  pure  Gothic,  the  church  of  St. 
.pquos,  one  of  the  finest  existing  specimens  of  ogi  val  arch- 
jjCture,  the  churches  of  St.  Martin,  St.  Croix,  St.  John, 
i\  Denis,  and  St.  Barthelemy,  the  Palais  de  Justice,  the 
ipient  residence  of  the  prince-bishops,  an  imposing  edifice, 
lij  Hotel  de  Ville,  the  university,  occupj'ing  extensive 
liildings  and  rich  in  collections  of  various  kinds,  and  the 
tfnmunal  college,  a  large  and  elegant  structure.  Liege  is 
fesee  of  a  bishop,  and  possesses  a  superior  court  of  justice, 
liirts  of  first  resort  and  commerce,  an  episcopal  seminary, 
ijroyal  college,  veterinary,  artillery,  industrial,  commercial. 
Id  several  other  schools,  a  public  library,  cabinets  of  nat- 
•f\  philosophy  and  natural  history,  a  botanic  garden,  a 
ibservatory  of  music,  an  academy  of  fine  arts,  deaf  and 
cjmb  and  blind  asylums,  and  other  beneficial  institutions. 
(The  great  staple  manufacture  of  Liege  is  iron.  Some  of 
i)  establishments  in  this  manufacture,  particularly  that  of 
to-arms,  and  the  construction  of  machinery,  surpass  those 
cFranco  and  rival  those  of  Great  Britain.  The  other  prin- 
(|al  manufactures  are  broadcloths  and  various  woollen 
fjffs,  jewelry,  tobacco,  carriages,  soap,  hats,  and  leather. 
'ie  trade  in  all  these  articles  is  considerable,  and  is  much 
li  ed  by  roads,  railways,  canals,  and  navigable  rivers,  which 
Ijng  the  town  into  communication  with  the  different  quar- 
tjS  of  the  kingdom.  The  mass  of  the  people  are  Walloons, 
([il -mines  exist  around  and  within  the  city, 
iliiege  was  founded  in  the  sixth  century,  but  was  not  sur- 
imded  with  fortifications  till  the  tenth  century.  In  1212 
iVas  taken  by  Henry  I.,  Duke  of  Brabant;  in  1467,  Charles 
til  Bold,  having  forced  an  entrance  into  it,  levied  enormous 
ens  from  the  inhabitants  and  razed  its  fortifications;  in 
Pl, Marshal  BouSlers  bombarded  it  for  five  days;  and  in 
]il2  the  town  and  citadel  were  taken  by  the  Duke  of  Marl- 

V-ough.     Pop.  in   1881,  126,233;  in  1891,   149,789. 

]iab.  LiEGEU,  lee'jer  (Fr.  Liegeois,  le-i^zhwi'). 
.Liege  (Dutch,  Luikerland  or  Litykerland,  loi'k^r-lint^), 
liprovince  of  Belgium,  bounded  !N.  by  Limbourg,  E.  by 
Jenish  Prussia,  S.  by  Luxembourg,  S.W.  by  Kamur,  and 
\^.  by  Brabant.  Length,  E.  to  W.,  52  miles ;  breadth,  N. 
tj3.,  33  miles  ;  area,  1117  square  miles.  It  belongs  to  the 
liin  of  the  Meuse,  by  which  it  is  traversed  from  S.W.  to 
IE.  The  province  has  great  mineral  wealth,  and  is  finely 
C|tivated.  Capital,  Liege.  Pop.  (1891)  762.196. 
iLiiegnitz,  leeg'nits,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  on  the 
Itzbach,  at  its  confluence  with  the  Schwarzwasser,  at  a 
ijiway  junction,  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Breslau.  Lat.  51°  12' 
I;  Ion.  16°  12' E.  Pop.  31,442.  It  was  formerly  fortified, 
It  its  works  have  been  replaced  by  public  walks.  It  has  a 
cj.pel,  in  which  are  buried  the  princes  of  the  line  of  Piast, 
8  ancient  council-house,  an  academy  established  in  1810, 
Sj  orphan  asylum,  and  a  workhouse.  Hero,  on  the  16th 
cjiugust,  1760,  the  Prussians,  under  Frederick  the  Great, 
tjilly  defeated  the  Austrians.  It  has  manufactures  of 
Ijins,  hosiery,  tobacco,  hats,  <fee. 
Ijiegnitz,  the  westernmost  district  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
I'jdering  on  Bohemia  and  Saxony.  Area,  5252  square 
ijes.  It  has  a  diversified  surface,  much  fertile  soil,  and 
l:;o  forests.  Capital,  Liegnitz.  Pop.  995,083. 
fjicmbc,  or  Lieniba,  le-em'ba,  a  lake  of  Africa,  con- 
i;ted  with  the  S.  end  of  Lake  Tanganyika  by  a  broad 
c,nnel.  It  is  40  miles  long  by  18  wide,  lies  in  a  deep 
^  ley,  and  is  very  beautiful. 

Uiempde,  leemp'd?h,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  ia 
Ijrth  Brabant,  9  miles  S.  of  Bois-le-Due. 
jiien,  leen,  a  township  of  Grant  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  137. 
^ienden,  leen'd^n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
(  derland,  1 2  miles  N.W.  of  Nymwegen,  on  the  llhine- 
0  e.    Pop.  3917. 


liien-Tcheou,  or  Lieu-Chew-Foo.  See  Lian- 
Choo. 

Ijientz,  or  Lieiiz,  leents  (anc.  Leon'tium  f),  a  town 
of  Tyrol,  on  the  Drave,  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bruneck.  Pop. 
2111,  engaged  in  iron-works.     It  has  acollege  and  convents. 

Ijieoo-Choo-Foo,  or  Lieou-Tchou-Foo,  lee- 
oo'-choo^-foo',  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Quang-See,  on  a. 
navigable  river,  Lat.  24°  14'  N. ;  Ion.  109°  E.  Lieoo  ia 
a  prefixed  name  of  various  Chinese  towns. 

liieou-Khieou.    See  Loo-Choo  Islands. 

Liepvre,  loev'r,  or  Leberau,  14'b?r-ow,  a  village  of 
Germany,  in  Alsace,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Colmar.    Pop.  2144, 

LierganeS)  le-dR-g^'nds,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Old 
Castile,  10  miles  from  Santander.     Pop.  1084. 

Liierueux,  le-Sii'nuh',  a  village  of  Belgium,  provinc« 
and  25  miles  S.S.E.  of  Liege.     Pop.  2220. 

Liierre,  or  liier^  le-ain',  a  town  of  Belgium,  province 
and  10  miles  S.E.  of  Antwerp,  at  the  confluence  of  tho 
Great  and  Little  Ncthe,  and  at  a  railway  junction.  It  is 
surrounded  by  a  rampart  planted  with  trees,  is  generally 
well  built,  and  has  a  town  house,  5  churches,  3  chapels,  3 
convents,  a  hospital,  a  prison,  barracks,  an  orphan  asylum, 
several  almshouses,  and  8  primary  schools,  with  manufac- 
tures of  lace,  cotton,  woollen,  and  silk  fabrics,  beer,  spirits, 
and  oil.     Pop.  15,043. 

Liesdorf)  lees'donf,  a  village  of  Bhenish  Prussia,  gov- 
ernment and  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Treves.     Pop.  1390. 

Iiieser^  lee'z^r,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  government 
and  19  miles  N.E.  of  Treves,  on  the  Moselle.     Pop.  1420. 

Liiesthalj  or  Liestai,  lees'tA.1,  a  town  of  Switzerland, 
capital  of  the  canton  of  Basel  Land,  8  miles  by  rail  S.E. 
of  Basel.     Pop.  3873. 

liietor,  le-4-toR',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Alba- 
cete,  on  the  Mundo,  63  miles  N.W.  of  Murcia.  Pop.  1731. 
It  has  a  Carmelite  convent,  and  manufactures  of  woollens. 

Liettani,  a  river  of  Syria.    See  Litanv. 

Lietzen,  leet's^n,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Styria,  on 
the  Birnbach.     Pop.  1639. 

Lietzgohricke,  leets'goVik-k^h,  Alt,  &lt,  and  Ne(T, 
noi  (f.e.,  "Old  and  New  Lietzgcihricke"),  two  nearly  con- 
tiguous villages  of  Prussia,  government  of  Frankfort,  circle 
of  and  near  Konigsberg.     Pop.  1889. 

liieu,  or  Le  Lieu,  l?h  le-uh'  or  lyuh,  a  village  of 
Switzerland,  canton  of  Vaud,  on  Lake  Joux,  19  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Lausanne.     Pop.  1107. 

Lieurey,  le-uh V4',  a  town  of  France,  in  Eure,  8  miles 
S.  of  Pont-Audemer.     Pop.  2152. 

Lieuvin,  le-uh" viu*',  an  old  division  of  Normandy, 
now  comprised  in  the  departments  of  Calvados  and  Euro. 

Lieuwert,  the  Frisian  name  of  Leeuwarden. 

Li^vin,  le-iViN"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Pas-de-CaJais,  14 
miles  S.E.  of  B6thune.     It  has  a  coal-mine.     Pop.  4496. 

Liezele,  lee-zi'l^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and 
15  miles  S.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  1048. 

liif'fey,  a  river  of  Ireland,  Leinster,  rises  in  the  moun- 
tains of  Wicklow,  and,  after  a  course  of  50  miles,,  enter* 
Dublin  Bay. 

Lif  ford,  a  market-town  of  Ireland,  Ulster,  capital  of 
the  county  of  Donegal,  on  the  Foyle,  14  miles  S.S.W.  oi 
Londonderry.     Pop.  752. 

Lif'ford,  a  post-village  in  Durham  co.,  Ontario,  51 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Bethany.     Pop.  100. 

liifu,  lee-foo',  the  largest  and  most  northerly  of  the 
Loyalty  Islands,  in  the  Pacific.  Lat.  (N.  end)  20°  27'  S. ; 
Ion.  167°  47'  E.  It  is  37  miles  long,  from  N.  to  S.,  and 
from  10  to  20  miles  broad,  and  belongs  to  France. 

Liger,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Loire. 

Liigeth)  lee^gait',  a  village  of  Hungary,  in  Banat,  on 
the  Temes.     Pop.  1946. 

Light'ning  Creek,  a  post-office  of  the  Cherokee  Na- 
tion, Indian  Territory,  is  about  20  miles  from  Vinita. 

Light  Street,  a  post-village  in  Scott  township,  Colum- 
bia CO.,  Pa.,  on  Fishing  Creek,  3  miles  above  Bloomsburg. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  paper-mill,  a  flouring-milt,  <fco.  Pop. 
about  350. 

Lights'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Ogle  eo..  111.,  in  Leaf  River 
township,  8  miles  AV.  of  Byron  Station.  It  has  a  church. 
Here  is  Wales  Post-Ofiice. 

Light'wood  Creek,  a  township  of  Lexington  oo., 
S.C.     Pop.  28. 

Ligitan,  or  Lecgetan,  lee*gho-t4n',  a  group  of  is- 
lands in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  in  the  Sooloo  Sea.  Lat.  4' 
19'  N. ;  Ion.  118°  33'  E. 

Lignana,  leen-yi'n&,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Novara,  3  miles  from  Vercelli.     Pop.  1407. 

Ligne,  leen'yi',  a  village  of  France,  in  Loire-Inf6- 
rieure,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Nantes.    Pop.  2607. 


Lia 


1652 


LIM 


Lignlires,  leen'yo-aiR'.  a  town  of  Prance,  in  Cher,  25 
milea  S.W.  of  liourges.  It  wiis  onoo  surroundod  with 
walls  and  ditchoo,  and  dcf^ndod  by  a  oastio,  in  which 
Charles  VI.  and  Chiirlea  Vll.of  France  toolc  refuge  during 
the  English  ascendency.     Pop.  2693. 

LifBi^res-ln-Doucelle,  Iccn'yo-aiR'-Hl-doo'sSir,  a 
village  of  France,  department  and  25  miles  N.VV.  of  Mayenno. 

Llgnol,  locn^yol',  a  village  of  France,  in  Morbihan, 

14  miles  W.  of  I'ontivy.     Pop.  1876. 

LiK'uum,  a  post-hamlet  of  Culpeper  oo.,  Va.,  7  miles 
from  Brandy  Station.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a 
planin^-mill,  &o. 

Ligny,  leen'yee',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  14 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Namur,  celebrated  for  a  combat  between 
the  Prussians  and  French,  June  16,  1815,  two  days  before 
the  action  of  Waterloo. 

Ligny^  leen^yee'  (ano.  Lxnciitm  t),  a  town  of  France,  in 
Mouse,  on  the  Ornain,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Bar-le-Duc.  Pop. 
4128.  It  has  manufactures  of  cotton  thread  and  fabrics, 
and  a  trade  in  wool  and  timber. 

Ligny  le  Ch&tel,  lecn'yco'  l^h  shaHil',  a  town  of 
Prance,  in  Yonne,  on  the  Serein,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Auxerre. 

Ligonier,  lig-o-neer',  a  post-village  of  Noble  co.,  Ind., 
in  Perry  township,  on  the  Elkhart  River,  and  on  the  Lake 
Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad  (Air- Lino  division), 

15  miles  S.E.  of  Goshen,  and  16  miles  W.  of  Kendallville. 
It  has  4  churches,  2  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  a  fine  school- 
house,  and  manufactures  of  furniture,  Ac.     P.  (1890)  2195. 

Ligonier,  a  post-borough  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  in 
Ligonier  township,  on  Loyalhanna  Creek,  at  the  S.E.  ter- 
minus of  the  Ligonier  Valley  lliiilroad,  44  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Pittsburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a  foundry,  a  flour-mill,  and 
a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  in  1890,  782 ;  of  the  township,  2790. 

Ligor,  le-gor'  (Siamese,  Sakor,  si^kor'),  a  town  of  Lower 
Siam,  capital  of  a  province  of  the  same  name,  on  the  E.  side 
of  the  Malay  Peninsula.  Lat.  8°  17'  N. ;  Ion.  100°  10'  E. 
It  has  many  temples  and  pyramids. 

liigua,  lee'gw4,  a  town  of  Chili,  province  of  Aconcagua, 
60  miles  N.N.E.  of  Valparaiso,     Pop.  1549. 

Iiigneil,  lee'gul',  a  village  of  France,  in  Indre-et- Loire, 
25  miles  S.  of  Tours.     Pop.  1431. 

Ligii'ria  (Ital.  pron.  lee-goo'r^-i),  the  smallest  com- 
partimento  of  the  kingdom  of  Italy,  comprising  the  prov- 
inces of  Genoa  and  Porto  Maurizio.  It  is  a  mountainous 
region.  Area,  2055  square  miles.  Capital,  Genoa.  Pop. 
843,812.  The  name  Liguria  is  one  of  groat  antiquity, 
latterly  restored. 

Ligurian  Sea,  Italy.    See  Gulf  op  Genoa. 

Lihons,  lee*6N»',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Sommc,  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  P6ronne.     Pop.  1222. 

Lika,  lee'ki,  or  Licca,  lik'kl,  a  river  of  Austrian 
Croatia,  military  frontier,  after  a  N.W.  course  of  about  30 
miles,  sinks  under  ground  near  Mount  Tuliba.  It  gives 
name  to  a  mountainous  district  in  the  circle  of  Ottochacz, 
having  an  area  of  800  square  miles,  and  containing  the 
towns  of  Gospich  and  Carlopago. 

Likens,  Crawford  co.,  0.     See  Lykens. 

Likhvin,  liK-vin'  or  liK-veen',  or  liichwin,  a  town 
of  Russia,  government  and  30  miles  S.  of  Kalooga,  on  the 
Oka.     Pop.  2224. 

Li-Kiang,  or  Li-Kiang-Foo«  leo*-ke-ing*-foo',  a 
city  of  China,  province  of  Yun-Nan,  capital  of  a  depart- 
ment.    Lat.  26°  45'  N.;  Ion.  100°  20'  E. 

Li'Ile-d'Yeu,  a  town  of  Prance.    See  Isle  Dieu. 

Lilesville,  lllz'vil,  a  post-village  of  Anson  co.,  N.C., 
on  the  Carolina  Central  Railroad,  57  miles  E.S.E.  of  Char- 
lotto.    It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  of  Lilesville  township,  1715. 

liilctown,  lil'tSwn,  a  post-village  of  Green  co.,  Ky., 
24  miles  from  Caverna.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  tobacco- 
factory. 

Lilicnfeld,  lee'le-§n-f61t^,  a  village  of  Lower  Austria, 
37  miles  W.S.W.  of  Vienna,  with  a  manufactory  of  arms, 
and  a  rich  Cistercian  abbey. 

Iiil'lard's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  Tenn., 
12  miles  E.  of  Hurricane  Station. 

Lille,  or  Lisle,  Icel  (anc.  In'sula,  or  lala;  It.  Lilla, 
lil'li;  Flem.  Ryssel  or  RiJHsel,  ris'sfil),  a  strongly  fortified 
and  manufacturing  city  of  France,  capital  of  the  depart- 
ment of  Nord,  on  the  Deule,  a  canal  connecting  the  Scarpe 
and  Lys  Rivers,  26  miles  N.N.E.  of  Arras,  and  155  miles 
by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Paris.  Lat.  50°  38'  N. ;  Ion.  3°  2'  E. 
Pop.  201,211.  It  is  entered  by  seven  gates,  and  has  a 
strong  citadel,  with  barracks  and  magazines  on  its  N.W. 
side.  It  is  pretty  well  laid  out,  having  many  straight  and 
wide  streets,  lined  with  substantial  brick  houses,  a  Grande 
Place  of  noble  extent,  and  about  20  other  squares ;  but  its 
(quarters  inhabited  by  the  manufacturing  population  are 


narrow,  dirty,  and  unhealthy.  Principal  public  buildlnw 
the  town  hall,  or  llOtel  dk  Ville,  the  jiublic  library  and 
museums,  several  Roman  Catholic  churches,  with  fiug 
paintings,  the  Protestant  church,  synagogue,  prefecture  5 
large  hospitals,  extensive  barracks,  the  prisons,  exchnnee 
mint,  theatre,  and  concert-hull;  and  among  its  public 
esttvblishmcnts  are  a  valuable  picture-gallery,  nn  acudcmy 
of  music,  and  a  botanic  garden.  The  canal  on  which 
the  town  is  built  has  several  branches  navigable  by  small 
vessels,  and  along  one  part  of  it,  called  the  Middle  Deulc 
is  a  fine  esplanade,  close  to  which  is  a  handsome  briiijre! 
Lille  derives  high  importance  from  being  one  of  the  chief 
seats  of  the  French  linen  and  cotton  manufactures.  Call- 
coes,  handkerchiefs,  printed  gooils,  table-linen,  fine  linen 
cloths,'  thread,  and  ticking  are  its  principal  products;  in 
cotton-spinning  it  also  rivals  some  of  the  towns  of  Lanca- 
shire; and  it  has  considerable  manufactures  of  broiidcluths 
cassimcres,  serges,  and  other  worsted  stufls,  velvets,  luce 
hats,  paper,  beet-root  sugar,  mineral  acids,  machinery 
tobacco,  and  gunpowder,  and  an  extensive  coinage  of  gold. 
Its  vicinity  is  studded  with  bleaching-grounds,  rapcseed- 
oil-mills,  and  beet-root  plantations,  the  two  latter  of  which 
are  very  important,  employing  many  hundreds  of  the  in- 
habitants.  In  1875  its  new  university  was  opened,  under 
Roman  Catholic  auspices.  The  city  is  the  centre  of  a  plcxui 
of  important  railways. 

Lille,  formerly  the  capital  of  French  Flanders,  is  said  to 
owe  its  origin  to  a  castle  called,  from  its  position,  liiiula, 
hence  L'Isle,  easily  changed  to  Lille.  In  1007  Baldwin 
IV.  extended  it,  and  surrounded  it  with  walls  and  ditches. 
From  that  time,  but  not  without  many  vicissitudes,  Lille 
has  continued  to  increase,  passing  through  the  hands  of 
various  masters  till  secured  to  France  by  the  peace  of 
Utrecht  in  1713. 

Lillebonne,  leerbonn'  (Juliobo'na),  a  town  of  France, 
in  Seine-Inferieure,  22  miles  E.  of  Havre.  Pop.  4570.  It 
has  a  ruined  castle,  built  by  William  the  Conqueror,  and 
flourishing  cotton-factories  and  tanneries.  It  was  the 
ancient  capital  of  the  Caletea. 

Lillehammer,  lil'l^h-him'm^r,  a  town  of  Norway, 
amt  and  80  miles  N.N,W,  of  Christiania,  at  the  N.B. 
extremity  of  Lake  Miosen,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Lougen. 
It  is  the  centre  of  a  considerable  trade,  extending  from 
Christiania  to  the  Dovrefield  Mountains,     Pop.  1676. 

Lillers,  lee^yd',  a  town  of  France,  Pas- do-Calais,  7  milei 
N.W.  of  B6thune.     Pop.  4701.     It  was  formerly  fortified. 

Lilleyville,  liri§-vil,  or  Lil'ley's  Mills,  a  hamlet 
of  Mifliin  CO.,  Pa.,  1  mile  from  Painter  Station  (Painten- 
ville).     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  about  20  houses. 

Lillianes,  leel-yin'  or  lee'y3,n',  a  village  of  Italy,  in 
Piedmont,  on  the  Esa  or  Lys.     Pop.  874. 

Lil'lington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Harnett  co.,  N.C., 
on  Cape  Fear  River,  about  28  miles  S.  by  AV,  of  Raleigh. 
Pop.  of  Lillington  township,  699. 

liillington,  a  village  in  Lincoln  township,  Pender  co., 
N.C.,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Rocky  Point.  It  has  an  academy. 
Here  is  Long  Creek  Post-Office. 

Lillo,  leel'yo,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  37  milei 
E.S.E.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  2035. 

Lilloet,  lil'lo-St,  a  post-village  of  British  Columbia,  283 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  New  Westminster.  It  contains  a  court- 
house, a  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  several  stores.  Gold- 
mining  is  prosecuted  here. 

Lil'loet  (or  Lillooet,  lil'loo-5t)  Lake,  British  Co- 
lumbia, is  about  lat.  50°  10'  N.  It  is  nearly  20  miles  long, 
and  is  connected  by  the  Lilloet  River  with  Harrison  Lake, 
which  is  about  42  miles  S.E,  of  Lilloet  Lake, 

Lillois-Witterzee,  leeriwi'-*it-t?r-z4',  a  village  of 
Belgium,  in  Brabant,  15  miles  S,S,E.  of  Brussels.    P.  1200, 

Lil'ly,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tazewell  co..  111.,  on  the  India 
napolis,  Bloomington  &  Western  Railroad,  20  miles  E.  of 
Pekin.     It  has  a  church, 

Lilly,  a  post-office  of  McPherson  co,,  Kansas. 

Lilly,  a  post-office  of  Scioto  co.,  0, 

Lilly,  a  station  in  Cambria  co,.  Pa,,  on  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  5  miles  S,W,  of  Cresson, 

Lilly  Chap'el,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Columbus,  Springfield  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  16  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Columbus.     It  has  a  church. 

Lilly  Dale,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  Ind. 

Lilly  Pond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gordon  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Western  <t  Atlantic  Railroad,  about  8  miles  S.  of  Calhoun. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  distillery. 

Lilly  Swamp,  a  post-office  of  Hickman  co.,  Tenn. 

Lilybseum,  the  ancient  name  of  Marsala. 

Lima,  lee'mi,  a  river  of  Central  Italy,  tributary  to  tht 
Serchio. 


LIM 


1653 


LIM 


Lima,  leo'mA  (anc.  Lim'id),  a  river  of  Spain  and  Portu- 

,1,  rises  in  Galicia,  flows  S.W.  for  about  90  miles,  and  enters 

c  Atlantic  at  Viana.     It  is  navigable  only  for  12  miles. 

Lima,  Ice'mi,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Peru,  and  also  of  a 

ipartment  and  province  of  its  own  name,  is  situated  about 

miles  from  its  port,  Callao,  on  the  Pacific.     Railways  ex- 

nd  to  Callao,  Chancay,  Oroya,  Chorillos,  and  Magdalena. 

It.  12°  3'  S.;  Ion.  77°  6'  W.      It  stands  at  the  foot  of 

[anitic  hills,  and  on  both  banks  of  the  Rimac,  which  di- 

jdes  the  city  into  two  unequal  portions,  connected  by  a 

Lndsomc  stone  bridge  of  six  arches  and  530  feet  in  length, 

pich  forms  a  favorite  afternoon  lounge,  at  which  time  the 

puntain-breczes  are  peculiarly  grateful.     The  larger  di- 

sion  of  the  town,  on  the  S.  or  left  bank  of  the  river,  was 

tmerly  walled,  but  is  now  surrounded  by  boulevards ;  the 

Qaller,  or  suburb  of  San  Lazaro,  is  on  the  right  bank,  and 

[backed  by  hills,  having  only  two  openings  through  them 

r  ingress  and  egress.     Lima  is  nearly  3  miles  in  length 

pm  E.  to  W.,  and  IJ  miles  in  breadth,  having  a  circum- 

rence  of  about  10  miles.     The  streets  are  equidistant,  in- 

rsect  one  another  at  right  angles,  and  have  an  average 

oadth  of  34  feet.     They  are  in  general  badly  paved,  and 

)t  very  clean ;  but  improvements  are  going  on  in  the  more 

ntral  parts  of  the  city,  where  the  pavements  have  been 

tely  restored  and  footpaths  formed  of  broad  flags ;  those 

ring  E.  and  W.  have  each  a  deep  stream  of  water  running 

awn  the  centre.     Its  numerous  domes  and  spires  give  to 

ima  a  magnificent  appearance  when  viewed  from  a  dis- 

Lnce.    The  grand  square,  or  Plaza  Mayor,  together  with 

be  adjoining  streets,  Mantas,  Bodegones,  and  Mercaderes, 

I  the  central  point  of  its  life  and  business.     This  fine 

auare  is  a  regular  quadrangle,  each  side  of  which  is  510 

fct  long,  having  in  the  centre  a  magnificent  bronze  foun- 

i,in  with  three  basins;  two  sides  are  occupied  by  the  Por- 

Ues  or  Piazzas,  the  most  attractive  places  in  Lima  for  a 

{ranger.    On  the  N.  side  of  the  square  stand  the  palace 

^d  oflices  of  the  government,  on  the  E.  the  archbishop's 

jalace  and  the  cathedral,  and  on  the  W.  the  senate-house 

tad  the  town  hall.     The  next  public  square  in  respect  of 

jze  is  the  Square  of  Independence,  in  which  stand  the  hall 

t  the  Congress,  the  jail,  and  the  former  palace  of  the  In- 

[uisition.     Among  the  numerous  churches  and  convents,  a 

j:w  only  are  deserving  particular  notice ;  of  these  the  cathe- 

(ral  is  the  most  remarkable.     It  is  richly  decorated  within. 

he  convent  of  San  Francisco  is  the  largest  monastic  estab- 

shment  in  Lima,  occupying  nearly  7  acres  of  ground ;  it 

f  an  elegant  structure.     Besides  the  cathedral,  Lima  con- 

jiins  many  parish  churches,  and  22  chapels.     The  monas- 

isries  and  convents,  at  one  time  very  numerous,  have  to  a 

jreat  extent  been  suppressed.     The  university,  once  the 

jiost  important,  as  it  was  the  first  established,  seat  of  edu- 

;ition  of  the  kind  in  the  New  World,  has  connected  with  it 

f  national  library  of  about  20,000  volumes,  and  the  museum, 

'i  which  are  collections  of  Peruvian  antiquities  and  objects 

|f  natural  history.     There  are  also  a  college  of  advocates,  a 

ijllege  of  pharmacy,  with  a  botanic  garden  attached,  a  col- 

'ige  of  medicine  and  anatomy,  4  Latin  schools,  and  about  40 

|rimary  schools.     There  are  likewise  a  number  of  well-oon- 

iueted  hospitals  and  a  penitentiary.     The  places  of  public 

imusement  are  3  alamedas  or  promenades, — the  Vieja  or  Old 

j.laracda,  the  Alameda  de  Acho,  on  the  banks  of  the  Rimac, 

pntaining  the  bull-ring,  capable  of  accommodating  from 

0,000  to  12,000  spectators,  and  the  Portada  del  Callao,— 2 

[leatres,  an  amphitheatre  for  cock-fights,  and  an  exhibition- 

lalace,  with  zoological  gardens. 

t  Lima  has  manufactories  of  gold  lace  and  fringes,  glass, 
'atton,  chocolate,  paper,  &e. ;  but  nearly  all  the  goods  sold 
|nd  consumed  in  the  country  are  foreign.  Mechanical  em- 
jloymonts  are  numerous,  but  all  are  in  a  rude  state.  It 
I'as  long  the  grand  commercial  entrepSt  for  all  the  W. 
joast  of  South  America,  and  it  still  has  a  large  trade  through 
la  port  Callao.  Its  exports  consist  of  silver,  copper  ore, 
(ark,  soap,  vicuna  wool,  chinchilla  skins,  nitre,  sugar,  <fec. ; 
;ts  imports,  of  manufactured  goods  from  England,  wines, 
|tlks,  and  brandy  from  Spain  and  France,  and  other  pro- 
1  uce  chiefly  from  the  American  continent. 
i  The  climate  is  very  agreeable.  The  range  of  the  ther- 
poraeter  throughout  the  year  is  from  73°  to  75°  in  winter 
;  nd  86°  to  87°  in  summer.  From  April  to  October  a  heavy 
!i.nd  sometimes  chilly  mist  overhangs  the  city  in  the  morn- 
ings and  evenings.  Rain,  even  in  partial  showers,  is  of 
ixcecdingly  rare  occurrence;  thunder  and  lightning  are 
inknown.  Lima  is  somewhat  subject  to  earthquakes.  The 
oost  destructive  on  record  occurred  in  October,  1746,  when 
■  Dany  houses  and  public  buildings  were  destroyed. 
j  Lima  was  founded  by  Pizarro  in  1535,  and  called  Ciudad 
le  los  Reyes,  in  commemoration  of  the  festival  day  of  the 


kings,  on  which  the  site  was  chosen.  From  that  time  Lima 
became  the  capital  of  Peru  and  the  seat  of  the  viceroys. 

Pop.  in  1876,  100,073. Adj.  and  inhab.  Limenian,  Ic- 

mfin'e-an  (Sp.  LimeSo,  le-mfin'yo). 

Lima,  the  metropolitan  department  and  province  of 
Peru,  the  former  extending  from  the  shores  of  the  Pacific 
to  the  Andes.  Its  principal  streams  are  the  Rimac,  the 
Chancay,  the  Maria,  and  the  Rio  Grande.  It  is  subdivided 
into  7  provinces.  Chief  towns,  Lima,  the  capital,  Callao, 
Chancay,  Huaura,  and  lea.  Pop.  of  the  department  in 
1876,  226,992. 

Li'ma,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co..  Ark.,  10  miles  N. 
of  Pocahontas.     It  has  2  churches. 

Lima,  a  post- village  of  Adams  co..  111.,  in  Lima  town- 
ship, 18  miles  N.  of  Quincy.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  285. 
The  township  is  bounded  W.  by  the  Mississippi.     Pop.  1462. 

Lima,  a  township  of  Carroll  co..  111.     Pop.  531. 

Lima,  a  post-village  of  La  Grange  co.,  Ind.,  in  Lima 
township,  on  Pigeon  River,  and  on  the  Grand  Rapids  & 
Indiana  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  La  Grange,  and  about  30 
miles  E.  of  Elkhart.  It  contains  a  national  bank,  a  graded 
school,  and  4  churches.  It  has  manufactures  of  flour,  fur- 
niture, ploughs,  pumps,  and  iron  castings.  Pop.  419;  of 
the  township,  1371. 

Lima,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Iowa,  in  Westfield 
township,  on  the  Volga  River,  4J  miles  N.E.  of  Fayette, 
and  on  the  Turkey  River  Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Clinton  & 
Dubuque  Railroad,  42  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Turkey  River 
Junction,  and  138  miles  by  rail  from  Clinton.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Lima,  a  post-ofiice  of  Elk  co.,  Kansas,  40  miles  N.AV. 
of  Independence. 

Lima,  a  post-hamlet  in  Lima  township,  Washtenaw  co., 
Mich.,  about  10  miles  W.  of  Ann  Arbor.  It  has  2  churches. 
The  township  is  intersected  by  the  Michigan  Central  Rail- 
road.    Pop.  991. 

Lima,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co..  Mo. 

Lima,  a  post-village  of  Livingston  co.,  N.T.,  in  Lima 
township,  18  miles  S.  of  Rochester.  It  contains  4  brick 
churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  the  Genesee  Wea- 
leyan  Seminary.  Pop.  in  1890,  1003.  The  township  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  Iloneoye  Creek.     Pop.  2438. 

Lima,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Allen  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ot- 
tawa River,  71  miles  N.  of  Dayton,  71  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Toledo,  and  59  miles  E.S.E.  of  Fort  Wayne,  Ind.  It  is 
on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  the  Dayton  &  Michigan  Railroad,  and  it  is  also  on 
the  Lake  Erie  &  Louisville  Railroad.  It  contains  9  churches, 
2  fine  union  school-houses  which  cost  $75,000,  a  high  school, 
a  national  bank,  3  other  banks,  4  newspaper  offices,  3  fine 
hotels,  several  steam  mills,  and  repair-shops  of  the  Dayton 
&  Michigan  Railroad.  It  has  manufactures  of  steam-en- 
gines, furniture,  railroad-cars,  <tc.  Pop.  in  1870,  4500;  in 
1880,  75C7;  in  1890,  15,981. 

Lima,  a  township  of  Licking  co.,  0.  Pop.  1642.  It 
contains  Columbia  Centre  and  Pataskala. 

Lima,  or  North  Lima,  a  village  of  Mahoning  co.,  0., 
in  Beaver  township,  about  70  miles  S.E.  of  Cleveland,  and 
6  miles  N.  of  Columbiana  Station.  The  name  of  its  post- 
office  is  North  Lima.     It  has  4  churches. 

Lima,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co..  Pa.,  in  Middle- 
town  township,  li  miles  from  Glen  Riddle  Station,  and 
about  7  miles  N.AV.  of  Chester.     It  has  4  churches. 

Lima,  a  post-office  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C. 

Lima,  a  township  of  Grant  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  1020. 

Lima,  a  township  of  Pepin  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  447. 

Lima,  a  township  of  Rock  co.,  AVis.  Pop.  1136.  xk 
contains  Lima  Centre. 

Lima,  a  township  of  Sheboygan  co..  Wis.     Pop.  2190. 

Limacapaii,  le-mi-ki-pUn',  a  small  island  of  the 
Malay  Archipelago,  N.E.  of  Palawan.  Lat.  11°  40'  N. ; 
Ion.  120°  E. 

Lima  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Lima  township.  Rock 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul  Railroad, 
40  miles  S.E.  of  Madison.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  wagon- 
factory. 

Limache  Alto,  le-mi'chi  41'to,  a  town  of  Chili,  prov- 
ince and  25  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Valparaiso.  Pop.  2239 ;  of 
the  neighboring  town  of  Limachito,  2254. 

Limagne,  lee'min',  an  old  subdivision  of  France,  Au- 
vergne,  now  comprised  in  the  department  of  Puy-de-D6me. 

Limal,  lee'mil',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Brabant,  on 
the  Dyle,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1080. 

Limalongcs,  lec^m&'16.Nzh',  a  village  of  France,  la 
Deux-SOvres,  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Melle.    Pop.  1656. 

Liman  Pasha,  an  island  of  Turkey.    See  Alosia. 

Limari,  le-mi-ree',  a  river  of  Chili,  province  of  Co- 


LIM 


1654 


tIM 


quimbo,  enters  the  Paoifle  Ooenn  70  miles  S.S.W.  of  Co- 
^uimbo,  after  a  W.  course  of  100  miles. 

Liniasol,  loc'm4-«ol'  (ano.  Nemo'tia  f),  a  seaport  town 
of  the  Island  of  Cyprus,  on  its  8.  coast,  38  miles  S.W.  of 
Larnloa.  It  is  full  of  ruins  and  rubbish,  but  has  a  jfood 
harbor  and  a  trade  in  wine.  Old  Limasul  (ano.  Amathu*) 
stood  a  little  N.B.,  but  no  traces  of  it  are  left. 

Limntolat  lo-md-to'lJl,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  VoU 
turno,  province  and  5  miles  N.E.  of  Ciiscrta.     Pop.  2006, 

Li'innvillc,  a  post-villago of  Stark co.,  0.,  in  Lexington 
township,  on  Door  Creek,  and  on  the  Cleveland  &  Pittsburg 
Railroad,  52  miles  S.E.  of  Cleveland.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
pottery  for  stone-ware,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  a  carriage- 
shop.     Pop.  204. 

Limny*  lee'mA',  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Seine-et-Oise,  on 
the  Seine,  3  miles  K.N.E.  of  Mantes.     Pop.  1304. 

Liiiibnchf  lim'biK,  a  village  of  Saxony,  7  miles  N.W. 
of  Chemnitz.     It  has  manufactures  of  hosiery.     Pop.  6379. 

Limbnsha,  or  Linibnscha,  Russia.    See  Lemsal. 

laiinbcrg,  a  village  of  Bohemia.     See  LAUBExnoiiP. 

Limbinte)  Hm-be-Jl'td,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and 
about  10  miles  N.  of  Milan.     Pop.  2986. 

Limbourg)  lisi^boon',  or  Lim'burg  (Flemish  pron. 
lim'buRU),  a  province  of  Belgium,  having  N.  and  E.  Dutch 
Limburg,  and  on  other  sides  the  provinces  of  Brabant, 
Antwerp,  and  Liege.  Area,  931  square  miles.  Pop.  in 
1890,  224,604.  Surface  level.  The  Mouse  forms  its  E. 
boundary.  The  rearing  of  various  live-stock  forms  a  prin- 
cipal branch  of  industry.  Iron,  calamine,  coal,  and  turf 
are  the  chief  mineral  products.  The  manufactures  com- 
prise woollen  and  linen  fabrics,  leather,  tobacco,  iJco.  Prin- 
cipal towns,  Ilassclt,  Saint-Trond,  and  Tongrcs. 

Liinbourg,  a  town  of  Belgium,  province  and  16  miles 
E.  of  Liege,  on  the  railway  to  Aix-la-Chapelle.     P.  1050. 

Lim'burg,  or  Limbourg  (Fr.pron.  Idst^boon';  Dutch 
pron.  lim'buitii),  an  old  province  of  Europe,  divided  between 
Belgium  and  the  Netherlands  in  1339,  and  now  constituting 
the  Belgian  province  of  Limbouro  and  the  Dutch  province 
of  LiMBrRG  (which  see). 

Limburg,  or  Limbonrg,  a  province  of  the  Nether- 
lands, having  E.  Rhenish  Prussia,  and  on  other  sides  the 
provinces  of  North  Brabant,  Liege,  and  Belgian  Limbourg. 
Area,  856  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1890,  257,144.  Surface 
level,  consisting  of  the  valley  of  the  Meuse  (or  Maas)  where 
it  receives  the  Ruhr;  in  the  N.  is  a  part  of  an  extensive 
marsh,  the  Peel.  The  products  are  similar  to  those  of  the 
Belgian  province  of  Limbourg.  Principal  towns,  Maes- 
tricht  and  Roerraond. 

Limburg, Iim'bo3nG,awalled  town  of  Prussia,  in  Ilesse- 
Nassau,  on  tlio  Lahn,  near  its  confluence  with  the  Eras,  at 
a  railway  junction,  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Wiesbaden.  Pop. 
5157.  It  is  a  Catholic  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  ducal  palace, 
a  Catholic  seminary,  and  a  hospital.  The  Limburg  Chronicle 
is  one  of  the  oldest  sources  of  German  history. 

Limburg,  or  Hohcn-Limburg,  hu'^n-lim'bdSRG,  a 
town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  5  miles  E.  of  Hagen,  on  a 
railway,  and  on  the  Leine.  Pop.  4910.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  cotton  and  linen,  cutlery,  and  wire. 

Lime,  a  township  of  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  565. 

Lime  Branch,  a  post-ofGce  of  Polk  co.,  Ga. 

Lime  City,  a  post-oflBco  of  Wood  co.,  0.,  a  few  miles 
S.  of  Toledo. 

Lime  Creek,  Iowa,  rises  in  Winnebago  co.  and  runs 
southward  into  Hancock  co.  Flowing  southeastward  through 
Cerro  Gordo  co.,  it  passes  Mason  City  and  enters  the  Shell 
Rock  River  at  Rockford.     It  is  nearly  80  miles  long. 

Lime  Creek,  a  township  of  Cerro  Gordo  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  462. 

Lime  Creek,  township,  Washington  co.,  Iowa.  P.  1383. 

Limedale,  Indiana.    See  Qreencastle  Junctiox. 

Lime  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  about  42 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Scranton. 

Lime'honse,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Middlesex,  on 
the  Thames,  forming  a  suburb  of  the  metropolis,  3  miles  E. 
of  St.  Paul's.     Pop.  29,919. 

Lime'honse,  a  post-village  in  Halton  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  32i  miles  W.  of  Toronto.  It 
has  a  woollen-mill,  a  saw-mill,  lime-kilns,  and  3  stores. 

Lime  Kiln,  lim  kil,  a  post-hamlct  of  Frederick  co., 
Md.,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  60  miles  W.  of 
Baltimore.     It  has  manufactures  of  lime  and  barrels. 

Limekiln,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  about  7 
miles  E.  of  Reading. 

Limekilns,  lim'kllz,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife, 
on  tlie  Firth  of  Forth,  3  miles  S.  of  Dunfermline.  Pop. 
758.     From  the  harbor  lime  is  exported. 

Lime  Lake,  a  township  of  Murray  co.,  Minn.    P.  140. 


Lime  Lake,  a  hamlet  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  U  «( 
Machias  Station  on  the  Rochester  &  State  Line  Rnilrotd 
whore  it  crosses  the  Buffalo,  New  York  A  Philadclphln 
Railroad,  1  mile  from  Machins  village,  and  26  miles  M.  of 
Olean.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Limcnian,  or  Limefto,  Peru.    See  Lima. 

Lime  Point,  Marin  co.,  California,  is  on  the  N.  ild« 
of  the  Golden  Gate.  The  narrowest  part  of  this  channel  ii 
between  Lime  Point  and  Fort  Point,  both  fortified. 

Limc'port,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.,  7  m!I«i 
S.  of  AUentown.     It  has  manufactures  of  lime  and  flour. 

Limeray,  lce'm?h-rd',  a  village  of  Franco,  in  Indre- 
et-Loire,  on  the  Orleans  &  Tours  Railway,  4  miles  N.E.  of 
Amboise.     Pop.  1163. 

Lim'ericK,  an  inland  county  of  Ireland,  in  Muniter 
having  N.  the  Shannon,  separating  it  from  the  county  of 
Clare.  Area,  1064  square  miles.  The  surface  in  the  centrt 
and  N.  is  mostly  flat,  and  the  soil  remarkably  fertile,  espe- 
cially on  the  Shannon  and  in  the  "Golden  Vale,"  or  E.part 
of  the  plain  of  Limerick.  Principal  rivers,  the  Shannon 
Mulkern,  Maig,  and  Deel.  Tillage  is  increasing,  nnd  much 
bog  and  mountain-land  has  been  reclaimed.  Chief  exports, 
butter,  corn,  and  cider.  It  sends  four  members  to  the  Ilouse 
of  Commons, — two  for  the  county,  and  two  for  Limerick,  i»s 
only  important  town.     Pop.  (1891)  158,503. 

Limcrick,acity  of  Ireland,  capital  of  the  above  county, 
and  a  county  of  itself,  is  situated  in  an  extensive  plain  at 
the  interior  extremity  of  the  estuary  of  the  Shnnnon,  ht 
52°  39'  36"  N.,  Ion.  8°  39'  W.,  106  miles  S.S.W.  of  Dub- 
Hn.  Railways  connect  it  with  every  quarter  of  the  king- 
dom. It  consists  of  three  portions,  distinguished  by  the 
names,  respectively,  of  English-town,  Irish-town,  and  New- 
town-Perry. The  first,  and  oldest,  occupies  the  S.  end  of  the 
King's  Island,  a  tract  formed  by  the  Shannon,  here  divided 
into  two  streams  ;  the  other  two  stand  on  either  side  of  the 
river.  The  difierent  parts  of  the  city  are  connected  by 
bridges.  In  English-town  the  houses  are  chiefly  built  in 
the  Flemish  fashion.  Irish-town  is  also  old,  but  here  the 
streets  are  wider  and  the  houses  generally  more  modem 
than  in  the  former.  Newtown-Perry,  which  is  of  com- 
paratively modern  date,  occupies  elevated  ground,  parallel 
with  the  course  of  the  river,  and  is  one  of  the  finest  modem 
towns  in  Ireland.  It  contains  a  handsome  square;  iti 
streets  are  spacious,  intersect  one  another  at  right  angles, 
and  are  lined  by  elegant  houses,  shops,  and  merchants' 
stores.  The  principal  buildings  are  the  court-houses  and 
prisons,  custom-house,  the  two  cathedrals,  chamber  of  com< 
merce,  exchange,  assembly-house,  linen-hall,  corn-  and  bnt* 
ter-markets,  hospitals,  and  barracks.  Limerick  is  the  see 
of  Anglican  and  Roman  Catholic  bishops.  The  manufacture 
of  linen  is  now  nearly  extinct,  and  that  of  gloves  has  boon 
supplanted  by  those  of  lace  and  fish-hooks,  both  of  which 
are  carried  on  to  a  considerable  extent.  There  are,  bcsidcfL 
distilleries,  breweries,  tanneries,  foundries,  flour-mills,  and 
ship-building  slips.  Limerick  is  the  leading  port  on  the 
W.  coast  of  Ireland  for  the  shipment  of  raw  produce.  The 
harbor  extends  about  1600  yards  in  length  and  150  in 
breadth,  with  from  2  to  9  feet  at  low  water,  and  19  feet  at 
spring-tides,  which  latter  enables  vessels  of  600  tons  to 
moor  at  the  quays.  The  commerce  of  the  port  is  consider" 
able.  Limerick  was  a  royal  seat  of  the  kings  of  Tbomond, 
before  the  conquest.  It  capitulated  to  the  troops  of  Wil- 
liam III.  in  1691.  It  gives  the  title  of  Earl  to  the  Perry 
family,  whose  mansion  is  in  the  city.     Pop.  (1891)  37,072. 

Lim'erick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bureau  co.,  III.,  in  Dover 
township,  8  miles  N.  of  Princeton.     It  has  a  church. 

Limerick,  a  post- village  of  York  co..  Me.,  in  Limerick 
township,  about  30  miles  W.  of  Portland.  It  has  water- 
power,  and  contains  3  churches,  an  academy,  and  manu- 
factures of  furniture  and  carriages.    Pop.  of  township,  1425. 

Limerick,  a  post-village  of  Jeff'erson  co.,  N.Y.,  on  of 
near  Perch  River,  and  on  the  Rome,  Watertown  and  Og- 
densburg  Railroad,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Watertown.  It  has  a 
grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Limerick,  a  post-villnge  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  in 
Limerick  township,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Norristown,  and  29 
miles  N.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a  church,  a  tannery, 
a  carriage-shop,  and  3  stores.  Pop.  about  300.  The  town- 
ship is  bounded  S.W.  by  the  Schuylkill  River,  and  traversed 
by  the  Reading  Railroad.  It  contains  another  village, 
named  Limerick  Station.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2000. 

Limerick  Station,  a  post-vill.nge  of  Montgomery  co., 
Pa.,  in  Limerick  township,  on  the  Schuylkill  River,  and  on 
the  Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railroad,  17  miles  W.N.W,  of 
Norristown.     It  has  a  soap-factory  and  about  50  houses. 

Lime  Kidge,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  North  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the 


LIM 


1655 


LIM 


ackawanna  A  Bloomsburg  Railroad,  18  miles  E.N.E.  of 
lanville.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lime 
nd  cement. 

Lime  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sauk  co..  Wis.,  about 
i  miles  N.W.  of  Madison.  It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 
Limerle,  le-mSr'l^h  or  lee'mSRl',  a  village  of  Belgium, 
1  Luxembourg,  on  the  Ourthe,  7  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ilouffalize. 
Lime  Rock,  a  post-village  of  Litchfield  co.,  Conn.,  in 
alisbury  township,  oh  Salmon  Creek,  about  45  miles  AV.N.W. 
f  Hartford,  and  1  mile  AV.  of  the  Housatonic  Railroad 
Lime  Rock  Station).  It  contains  2  churches,  the  Rocky 
fell  Institute,  an  iron-foundry,  and  a  blast-furnaee.  Hard- 
[are  and  car-wheels  arc  made  here. 

Lime  Rock,  a  station  in  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
•.ochester  &  State  Line  Railroad,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Le  Roy. 
i  Lime  Rock,  a  post-village  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  8 
V  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Providence.  It  has  a  church  and 
Smestone-quarries,  producing  excellent  lime.  Pop.  145. 
\  Lime  Rock,  a  hamlet  of  Outagamie  co..  Wis.,  in  Os- 
jorne  township,  2  miles  S.  of  Seymour  Station,  which  is 
7  miles  W.  of  Green  Bay.  It  has  a  flouring-mill. 
!  Lime  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Howard  co.,  Iowa,  in 
''orest  City  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fc  St. 
l-aul  Railroad,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Cresco.  It  has  a  news- 
'iipor  office,  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  rolling-mill,  and  manufac- 
Ures  of  windmills,  pumps,  harness,  <fec.  Pop.  in  1890,  550. 
i  Lime'stone,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Alabama, 
[orders  on  Tennessee.  Area,  about  696  square  miles.  It 
p  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Tennessee  River,  and  inter- 
jected by  the  Pllk  River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  exten- 
(ively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton, 
Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Limestone 
inderlies  a  large  part  of  the  surface.  This  county  is  in- 
ersected  by  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Rail- 
oad  and  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad.  Capital, 
Ahcna.  Pop.  in  1870,  15,017;  in  1880,  21,600;  in  1890, 
|l,201. 

{  Limestone,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  Texas, 
ias  an  area  of  about  960  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
favasota  River,  which  rises  in  it.  The  surface  is  undu- 
liting  or  hilly.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Cattle,  cotton, 
Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
(mtains  extensive  prairies,  and  has  an  abundance  of  lime- 
Lone,  as  its  name  indicates.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Hous- 
|m  <fe  Texas  Central  Railroad.  Capital,  Groesbeck.  Pop. 
fi  1870,  8591;  in  1880,  16,246;  in  1890,  21,678. 
'  Limestone,  a  township  of  Kankakee  co.,  III.  P.  840. 
'  Limestone,  a  township  of  Peoria  co.,  111.  Pop.  2302. 
jt  is  contiguous  to  Peoria. 

:  Limestone,  a  township  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
88.    It  contains  Esbon. 

1,  Limestone,  a  post-township  of  Aroostook  co.,  Me., 
Jbout  60  miles  N.  of  Houlton.  It  contains  2  saw-mills  and 
;  grist-mill.     Pop.  263. 

'  Limestone,  a  post- village  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
.arroUton  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  12 
'liles  S.  by  E.  of  Salamanca.  It  has  3  churches,  a  news- 
t!iper  office,  a  bank,  a  large  tannery,  and  2  saw-mills.  Pe- 
I'oleum  is  found  hero.  Pop.  about  1000. 
[  Limestone,  a  township  of  Buncombe  co.,  N.C.     P.  688. 

Limestone,  a  township  of  Duplin  co.,  N.C.     P.  709. 

Limestone,  or  Green'ville,  a  post-village  of  Clarion 
).,  Pa.,  in  Limestone  township,  about  32  miles  S.E.  of  Oil 
lity.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Limestone.  Pop.  of 
jie  township,  1375. 

:  Limestone,  a  township  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.  Pop. 
(256,  exclusive  of  Williamsport. 

[  Limestone,  a  township  of  Montour  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  710. 
L  contains  Limestoneville. 

t  Limestone,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  880, 
cclusive  of  Mifflinburg. 

,  Limestone,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  E. 
jink  of  the  Alleghany  River,     Pop.  848. 
i  Limestone,  a  township  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C.    Pop, 
(463.     It  contains  Limestone  Springs  and  Gaffney's. 

Limestone,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Tenn., 
(J  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad,  11 
dies  S.W.  of  Jonesborough.  It  has  an  academy,  3  churches, 
od  2  flouring-mills.     Pop.  250. 

Limestone,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  W.  Va. 
I  Limestone  Cove,  a  post-office  of  Unicoi  co.,  Tenn. 
^  Limestone  Creek,  Kansas,  rises  in  Jewell  co.,  runs 
'early  southward,  and  enters  the  Solomon  River  about  12 
(liles  above  Beloit. 
i  Limestone  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  in  the  Choctaw  Nation, 

Bdian  Territory,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  <fc  Texas  Railroad, 

I)  miles  N.E.  of  Denison,  Tex. 


Limestone  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Wood  co.,  W.  Va. 

Limestone  Ridge,  a  station  in  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  oh  the 
Buffalo  <fe  Jamestown  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Buffalo, 

Limestone  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Spartanburg 
CO.,  S.C,  1  mile  from  Gaffney's  Station,  and  about  90  miles 
N.N.W,  of  Columbia.     Here  are  mineral  springs. 

Limestone  Springs,apost-officeof  Greene  co.,  Tenn., 
10  miles  S.  of  Greeneville. 

Limestone  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Newton  co..  Ark, 

Limestoneville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montour  co.,  Pa., 
in  Limestone  township,  about  10  miles  N.W.  of  Danville. 

Lime  Switch,  a  post-office  of  Cass  co.,  Ind. 

Limeuil,  le-mul',  a  town  of  France,  in  Dordogne,  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Dordogne.     Pop.  817. 

Lime  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  railroad  from  Lancaster  to  Quarryville,  10  miles  S.E 
of  Lancaster. 

Lime  Works,  a  post-office  of  Davidson  co.,  Tenn. 

Limia,  a  city  of  Peru.    See  Lima. 

Lim'ington,  a  post-village  in  Limington  township, 
York  CO.,  Me.,  about  26  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Portland.  It 
contains  2  churches  and  an  academy.  The  township  is 
bounded  on  the  N,  and  E.  by  the  Saco  River.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1630. 

Limmat,  lim'mit,  a  river  of  Switzerland,  cantons  of 
Zurich  and  Aargau,  leaves  the  Lake  of  Zurich  at  its  N. 
extremity,  and,  after  a  rapid  N.W.  course  of  18  miles,  joins 
the  Aar  2  miles  E.  of  Brugg. 

Limni,  or  Limnos.    See  Stalimni. 

Limoeiro,  le-mo'i-e-ro,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  and 
70  miles  N.W.  of  Pernambuco.    Pop.  of  the  district,  10,000. 

Limoges,  lec^mozh'  (anc.  Augustorituin  Lemovicum,  or 
Lemovices),  a  city  of  France,  department  of  Haute-Vienne, 
crowning  the  top  and  occupying  the  acclivity  of  a  hill 
washed  by  the  Vienne,  here  crossed  by  three  bridges,  83 
miles  W.  of  Clermont.  Almost  all  the  houses  are  of  wood, 
at  least  above  the  first  story;  and  the  streets  are  irregular, 
narrow,  and  tortuous.  The  old  walls  and  towers  which 
formerly  surrounded  the  town  have  been  thrown  down 
and  their  sites  converted  into  fine  shady  boulevards.  The 
most  remarkable  edifices  are  the  cathedral,  commenced  in 
1272  and  not  completed  till  1515,  the  church  of  St.  Michel 
des  Lions,  a  Gothic  edifice,  and  the  church  of  St.  Pierre  du 
Queyroy,  The  city  has  a  bishop's  palace,  built  of  granite, 
the  finest  modern  edifice  of  the  town,  a  public  library 
containing  22,000  volumes,  a  theatre,  cavalry  barracks, 
several  hospitals,  extensive  manufactures  of  porcelain, 
worsted,  broadcloth,  cassimeres,  druggets,  woollen  covers, 
flannels,  napkins,  tapers,  glue,  paper,  gloves,  Ac,  numerous 
printing-presses,  and  an  extensive  book-trade.  It  has  also 
a  considerable  trade  in  chestnuts,  wine,  brandy,  liqueurs, 
salt,  iron,  brass,  enamel,  kaolin,  Ac.  Limoges  is  an  entre- 
pot for  the  trade  of  Toulouse,  and  generally  of  the  S.  de- 
partments of  France,  It  is  the  seat  of  a  bishop,  and  the 
seat  of  courts  of  first  resort  and  commerce,  of  a  consulting 
chamber  of  commerce,  a  li/c£e  or  college,  an  academy,  and 
societies  of  agriculture,  sciences,  and  arts,  Limoges  was 
originally  the  capital  of  the  Gallic  tribe  of  Lemovices. 
Under  the  Romans  it  was  adorned  with  a  capitol,  an  am  • 
phitheatre,  fine  temples,  and  palaces.  From  the  Romans  it 
passed  to  the  Visigoths,  In  1370  it  was  besieged  and  taken 
by  the  Black  Prince.  Limoges  is  the  birthplace  of  Pope 
Clement  V,,  the  Chancellor  d'Aguesseau,  Marshal  Jourdain, 
and  Dupuytren.     Pop.  in  1881,  69,338;  in  1891,  72,697. 

Limon,  or  Puerto  Limon,  pwflR'to  lee-mAn',  often 
called  Port  Limon',  a  seaport  town  of  Costa  Rica,  on  the 
E.  coast.  Lat.  10°  N.;  Ion.  83°  2'  W.  It  has  a  good  har- 
bor, and  is  the  E.  terminus  of  the  Costa  Rica  Railway,  It 
is  surrounded  by  dense'  forests,  and  exports  coffee,  rubber, 
skins,  and  sarsaparilla.     Pop.  1200, 

Limo'na,  a  post-office  of  Hillsborough  co.,  Fla. 
Limone,  le-mo'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  16 
miles  S.  of  Coni,     Pop,  3249, 

Lim'onite,  a  post-office  of  Unicoi  co.,  Tenn. 
Limonum,  an  ancient  name  of  Poitieus. 
Limosani,  le-mo-si'nce,  or  Limosano,  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  and  7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Campobasso.    P.  2627. 
Limonrs,  lee^mooR',  a  market-town  of  France,  in  Seine 
et-Oise,  22  miles  E.  of  Rambouillet.     Pop.  121 1. 

Limousin,  lee'moo'zix"',  written  also  Limosin,  an 
old  province  of  Central  France,  now  forming  the  depart- 
ment of  Correze  and  part  of  Ilaute-Vienne. 

Limoux,  lee'moo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Aude,  on  the 
river  Aude,  13  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Carcassonne.  Pop. 
6037.  It  has  a  communal  college,  and  important  manufac- 
tures of  fine  broadcloths,  hosiery,  soap,  wine,  hats,  and  yarn, 
a  marble-qoarry,  tanneries,  and  oil-mills. 


LIM 


1656 


UN 


Limpo'pOf  or  Croc'odile  Ilivcr«  an  important  river 
of  Al'rieo,  foriuing  for  iiinnj-  wiles  the  N.W.  anil  N.  Huiit  of 
the  South  African  Itepublio  (Tranevaul),  in  which  district 
it  rises.  It  flows  in  a  somewhat  semicircular  cource,  reach- 
ing the  Indian  Ocean  in  lat.  26°  1&'  N.,  Ion.  3.J°  42'  E. 
It  nos  a  bud  bar  at  its  mouth,  but  vessels  of  200  tons  can 
navigate  it  for  60  miles. 

Lin,  lecn,  a  town  of  China,  proviooe  of  Hoo-Nan,  30  miles 
W.  of  Chang-To. 

Lin- An,  loon-&n',  is  the  name  of  the  capitals  of  districts 
in  the  provinces  of  Che-Kiang  and  Yun-Nan,  China. 

Linnrcfl,  lo-ni'rSs,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  23 
miles  N.E.  of  Jacn,  in  a  fertile  plain,  near  the  Guarrozas. 
Pop.  10,567.  It  has  several  convents  and  some  Roman  an- 
tiquities, including  a  ruined  aqueduct,  also  mines  of  copper. 

Linares,  Icc-n&'rds,  a  province  of  Chili,  lying  between 
the  province  of  Maule  and  the  Andes,  Area,  3476  square 
miles.     Capital,  Linares.     Pop.  118,761. 

Linares,  a  town  of  Chili,  capital  of  the  province  of 
Linares,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Talca.     Pop.  6447. 

Linares,  or  San  Felipe  de  Linares,  sin  fd-loe'p& 
dk  lee-nJl'rds,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Nuovo  Leon,  55 
miles  S.E.  of  Monterey.  It  gives  name  to  a  bishop's  see. 
Pop.  6000. 

Lincium,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Lioxr. 

Lincklaen,  or  Linklaeu,  link'lun,  a  uost-oSice  of 
Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Lincklaen  township,  about  32  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Syracuse.  Hero  is  a  church.  Pop.  of  the  township, 
855.     It  has  4  churches. 

Lincklaen  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chenango  co., 
N.Y.,  5  miles  S.  of  De  lluyter.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
cheeso-factorj'. 

Lincoln,  link'^n,  or  Lincolnshire,  link'^n-shjr,  a 
county  of  England,  extending  along  its  E.  coast  from  the 
Wash  to  the  Ilumber,  which  separates  it  from  Yorkshire. 
Area,  2776  square  miles.  It  is  naturally  divided  into  3  dis- 
tricts :  1.  Lindsay,  or  the  tcolds,  a  low  range  of  hills  iu  the 
N.E. ;  2.  Kesteven,  or  the  moors,  a  lower  division,  running 
N.  and  S.,  and  now  mostly  cultivated;  3.  Holland,  or  the 
fens,  in  the  S.  and  E.,  a  low  tract,  protected  from  the  sea 
by  embankments.  Chief  rivers,  the  Trent,  Wolhind,  Withara, 
and  Ancholme.  Soil  mostly  a  fertile  sandy  loam  on  the 
moors  and  wolds ;  in  the  fens,  deep  loam,  rich  marly  clay, 
or  peat.  Improvements  in  agriculture  have  rendered  this 
one  of  the  most  productive  English  counties.  The  cattle, 
mostly  short-horned,  attain  a  great  weight.  The  sheep  are 
also  famous  for  size  and  for  long  wool.  Many  horses  are 
bred;  the  waste  fens  support  vast  flocks  of  geese,  and  the 
waters  are  the  resort  of  wild  ducks.  The  county  is  trav- 
ersed by  many  lines  of  railway  and  canal.  It  returns  four- 
teen members  to  Parliament,  including  eight  from  the 
boroughs.  Lincolnshire  is  famous  for  the  number  and 
beauty  of  its  ancient  parish  churches.  Capital,  Lincoln. 
Pop.  in  1881,  436,599;  in  1S91,  472,778. 

Lincoln  (ane.  Ltn'dum),  a,  city  and  county  of  England, 
capital  of  the  co.  of  Lincoln,  on  the  Witham,  47  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Derby.  It  is  situated  in  a  fine  district,  at  the  foot  and 
on  the  slope  of  a  hill,  crowned  by  its  cathedral,  castle,  <fcc., 
and  is  at  the  junction  of  several  railways.  The  streets  are 
irregular,  but  the  town  is  generally  well  built,  paved,  and 
lighted.  Lincoln  is  the  see  of  a  bishop.  The  superb  cathe- 
dral was  erected  between  the  twelfth  and  fifteenth  centuries, 
in  a  mixed  but  uncommonly  beautiful  style  of  English 
architecture,  and  the  exterior  is  generally  considered  the 
finest  in  the  kingdom,  while  the  vast  interior  is  only  sur- 
passed by  that  of  York.  Several  of  the  parish  churches  are 
interesting,  and  the  city  abounds  in  ancient  remains,  in- 
cluding the  stately  castle  built  by  William  the  Conqueror, 
traces  of  the  old  town  walls,  a  gateway,  perhaps  the  most 
perfect  relic  of  Roman  architecture  in  the  country,  a  beau- 
tiful conduit,  the  palace  of  John  of  Gaunt,  and  many  other 
antique  houses.  Other  principal  buildings  are  the  county 
hall  and  jail,  the  ancient  guild  hall,  a  sessions-house,  city 
jail  and  house  of  correction,  grammar-school  founded  in 
1583,  blue-coat  school,  county  lunatic  asylum,  county  hos- 
pital, union  workhouse,  theatre,  assembly-rooms,  several 
libraries,  mechanics'  institution,  and  market-house.  It  has 
<vlso  several  newspapers,  a  banking  company,  and  branch 
bank,  excellent  breweries,  and  large  exports  of  flour.  After 
the  departure  of  the  Romans  Lincoln  became  the  capital  of 
the  Saxon  kingdom  of  Mercia,  and  suff'ered  much  during 
the  struggles  between  the  Saxons  and  the  Danes.  The  city 
sends  two  members  to  Parliament.     Pop.  (1891)  41,491. 

Lincoln,  link'^n,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Arkan- 
sas, has  an  area  of  about  536  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.E.  by  the  Arkansas  River,  and  is  intersected  by 
Bayou  Bartholomew.    The  soil  is  fertile,  and  produces  cot- 


ton and  Indian  corn.  It  is  traversed  by  the  St.  Louis,  Iron 
Mountain  A,  Southern  Railroad.  Capital,  Star  City.  Pon 
in  IS80,  9255;  in  1890,  10,255.  '  *' 

Lincoln,  a  county  of  Georgia,  bordering  on  South  Car 
Una,  has  an  area  of  about  809  square  miles.     It  is  bouni 
on  the  N.E.  by  the  Savanna  River,  and  on  the  S.  by  l,iii 
River.     The  Broad   River  also  touches  its  N.  extremity. 
The  surface  is  hilly.     The  soil  is  partly  fertile.     Cotton' 
Indian  corn,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products.     A  smiill 
quantity  of  gold  is  found  in  this  county,  wliioh  hu  alio 
abundance  of  granite.     Capital,  Lincolnton,  on  Soap  Creek 
and  6  miles  from  the  Savannah  River.     Pop,  in  187U,  5413  • 
in  1880,  6112;  in  1890,  6146,  ' 

Lincoln,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Kansaa, 
has  an  area  of  720  square  miles.    It  is  intersected  by  Salina 
River,  and  also  drained  by  Spillman  Creek,     The  surface  in 
generally  undulating.     The  soil  is  fertile.     A  large  purli' 
of  it  (about  99  per  cent.)  is  prairie.     The  stajile  jtroilu 
are  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  grass.     Mivgnesian  liinostoi 
crops  out  in  this  county.     Capital,  Lincoln.     Pop.  in  1870, 
516;  in  1875,  2493;  iu  1880,  8532;  in  1890,  9709, 

Lincoln,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Kentucky, 
has  an  area  of  about  328  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
Dick's  River,  and  al:<o  drained  by  the  head-Htreains  of  Qreen 
River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Limestone  is  found  here  next  to  the  surface. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Knoxville  Branch  of  the 
Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  and  by  the  Queen  t 
Crescent  Route.  Capital,  Stanford.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,947; 
in  1880,  15,080;  in  1890,  15,962. 

Lincoln,  a  parish  in  the  N.W.  of  Louisiana,  drained 
by  Bayuu  d'Arbonne  and  some  of  the  head-streams  of 
Dugdemona  River  and  of  Saline  Bayou.  Area,  485  square 
miles.  It  is  well  wooded  and  generally  fertile.  Cupitiil, 
Ruston.     Pop.  in  1880,  11,075;  in  1890,  14,753. 

Lincoln,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Maine,  borders  on 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  by  the  inlets  or  bays  of  which  it  is 
deeply  indented.  Area,  about  520  square  miles.  It  is 
partly  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Kennebec  River,  nml  :• 
intersected  by  the  Sheepscott  and  Daniariscotta  Rivi 
The  surface  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  ?< 
is  partly  fertile.  Hay,  butter,  cattle,  lumber,  and  potatoes 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  several  good 
harbors  and  great  facilities  for  commerce  and  the  fi^-hcries. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Knox  <S!  Lincoln  Branch  of  the 
Maine  Central  Railroad.  Capital,  Wiscasset.  Pop.  in 
1870,  25,597;  in  1880,  24,821;  in  1890,  21,996. 

Lincoln,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Minnesota,  bor- 
dering on  South  Dakota,  has  an  area  of  about  500  square 
miles.  It  contains  several  lakes.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Capital,  Lake 
Benton.     Pop,  in  1875,  413;  in  1880,  2945;  in  1890,  5691. 

Lincoln,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Mississippi,  has 
an  area  of  about  570  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Homochitto  and  Bogue  Chitto  Rivers,  which  rise  within  it. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests  of  hickory,  beech,  magnolia,  oak, 
pine,  Ac.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
and  pork  are  staples.  This  county  is  intersected  by  tlio 
Illinois  Central  Railroad.  Capital,  Brookhaven.  Pop.  ia 
1870,  10,184;  in  1880,  13,647;  in  1890,  17,912. 

Lincoln,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an 
area  of  about  598  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Cuivre 
or  Copper  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and 
a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  good  timber. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  cattle,  pork, 
and  tobacco  arc  the  staple  products.  Limestone  underlies 
a  part  of  the  surface.  Capital,  Troy.  Pop.  in  1870,  15,96U; 
in  1880,  17,426;  in  1890,  18,346. 

Lincoln,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Nebraska,  has  an 
area  of  2580  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
Platte  River,  and  intersected  bythe  Republican  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile. Timber  is  scarce  in  this  county.  The  prairies  produce 
natural  pasture.  Capital,  North  Platte.  Pop.  in  1S70, 17; 
in  1876,  1327;  in  1880,  3632;  in  1890,  10,441. 

Lincoln,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Nevada,  borders 
on  Arizona  and  California,  Area,  17,680  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Colorado  River,  and  com- 
prises part  of  the  Great  Basin,  an  arid  and  sterile  table- 
land in  which  timber  and  water  are  very  scarce.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  and  barley  are  the  staple  products  of  the  soil, 
which,  however,  is  mostly  uncultivated.  It  has  rich  mines 
of  silver.  Capital,  Pioche,  Pop.  in  1870,  2985;  in  188U, 
2637;  in  1890,  2466. 


LIN 


1657 


LIN 


Lincoln,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  New  Mexico. 

.reft,  20,462  square  miles.     It  is  intersected  by  the  Rio 

'ecos.     Tlie  surface  is  partly  mountainous  and  partly  a 

jigh  table-land.     The  soil  requires  irrigation  to  render  it 

Laile.     Wheat  and  Indian  corn  are  cultivated  here.     Or- 

inized  in   1869.     This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Union 

Wific  Railroad.     Capital,  Lincoln.     Pop.  in  1870,  1803  ; 

1880,  2513;  in  18<J0,  7081. 

Lincoln,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  North  Carolina, 

,s  an  area  of  about  312  square  miles.     It  is  bounded  on 

e  E.  by  the  Catawba  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the 

uth  (or  Little)  Catawba  River.    The  surface  is  moderately 

lly,  and  nearly  half  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  hickory, 

k,  pine,  &c.    The  soil  is  fertile.    Indian  corn,  wheat,  oat.-!, 

d  pork  are  the  staple  products.     Mines  of  iron  ore  have 

en  opened   in  this  county.     Capital,  Lincolnton.     Pop. 

b  1870,  y573;  in  1880,  11,061;  in  1890,  12,686. 

I  Lincoln,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  South  Dakota, 

(orders  on  Iowa.     Aren,  about  540  square  miles.     It  is 

bunded  on  the  E.  by  the  Big  Sioux  River.     The  soil  is 

jsrtile.     AVheat,  Indian  corn,  grass,  &c.,  are  the   staple 

oducts.     It  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  & 

Paul  Railroad.     Capital,  Canton.     Pop.  in  1870,  712; 

1880,  5S96;  in  1890,  9143. 

Lincoln,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Middle  Tennessee, 
s  an  area  of  about  540  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
e  Elk  River  (which  runs  westward),  and  is  also  drained 
Flint  Creek.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and  is  extensively 
^vered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
little,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  The  black 
alnut,  cherry,  locust,  oak,  and  po|)lar  or  tulip-tree  abound 
ere.  The  Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis  Railroad 
(onnects  with  Fayetteville,  which  is  the  capital  of  this 
bunty.  Pop.  in  1870,28,050;  in  1880,  26,960;  in  1890, 
7,382. 

j  Lincoln,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  West  Virginia, 
ns  an  area  of  about  460  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
pr  the  Guyandotte  River.  The  surface  is  diversified  with 
jills,  fertile  valleys,  and  extensive  forests.  Indian  corn, 
ass,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products.  The  rocks  which 
derlie  this  county  are  carboniferous.  Capital,  Hamlin, 
op.  in  1870,  5053;  in  1880,  8739;  in  1890,  11,246. 
Lincoln,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Wisconsin,  has  an 
•ea  of  700  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Wisconsin 
iver,  which  rises  in  it,  and  by  the  Pelican  and  Tomahawk 
|.ivers.  It  contains  many  lakes,  and  extensive  forests  of 
jine,  ash,  elm,  maple,  &c.  The  soil  is  fertile.  This  county 
I  traversed  by  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  and 
Minneapolis,  St.  Paul  &  Sault  Ste.  Marie  Railroads.  Cap- 
ftl,  Merrill.  Pop.  in  1880,  2011;  in  1890,  12,008. 
Lincoln,  a  county  of  Ontario,  on  the  shore  of  Lake 
intario.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Niagara  River, 
(apital,  St.  Catharines.  Pop.  20,672. 
I  Lincoln,  a  post-village  of  Talladega  co.,  Ala.,  18  miles 
y  rail  W.  of  Anniston,  and  45  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Bir- 
jingham.  It  has  oil-mills  and  a  cotton-gin. 
Lincoln,  a  post- village  of  Placer  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Oregon 
livision  of  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  29  miles  N.N.B. 
:'  Saerainentc.  It  has  1  or  2  churches  and  a  manufactory 
"sewer-pipes.  Gold  is  found  near  this  place.  Pop,  in  1890, 
51. 

I  Lincoln,  a  township  of  Sierra  co.,  Cal.  Pop.  349. 
I  Lincoln,  or  Lincoln  City,  a  mining  post-village  of 
jumuiit  CO.,  Col.,  about  22  miles  N.  of  Fair  Play.  It  has 
line  stnelting-works.  Gold  is  found  here. 
Lincoln,  a  post-village  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  on  the 
unction  &  Breakwater  Railroad,  76  miles  S.of  Wilmington. 
b  has  2  churches,  a  brick-yard,  a  planing-mill,  a  canning- 
jictory,  &a.     Pop  in  1890,  318. 

'  Lincoln,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Logan  co..  111.,  is 
itunted  near  Salt  Creek,  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad 
.here  it  crosses  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  &  Western 
ailroad,  and  also  on  the  Pekin  Branch  of  the  Wabash 
.ailroad,  28  miles  N.N.E.  of  Springfield,  157  miles  S.S.W. 
f  Chicago,  and  32  miles  N.W.  of  Decatur.  Here  is  Lincoln 
niversily  (Cumberland  Presbyterian), which  was  organized 
p  1866.  Lincoln  contains  a  state  institution  for  feoble- 
linded  children,  11  churches,  a  court-house,  a  high  school, 
(  national  bank,  and  2  private  banks,  and  has  manufactures 
jF  farm-implements.  One  daily  and  4  weekly  newspapers 
re  i)ublishcd  here.  Coal  is  mined  here.  P.  (1890)  6725. 
Lincoln,  a  small  post- village  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.,  on  Deer 
reek,  and  on  the  Columbus,  Chicago  <fc  Indiana  Central 
llailroad,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Logansport.  It  has  a  church. 
■  Lincoln,  a  township  of  Hendricks  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1502. 
Lincoln,  a  township  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Kan- 
Akeo  River.  Pop.  668. 
105 


Lincoln,  a  village  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.,  in  Allen  town- 
ship, on  the  Indianapolis,  Peru  &  Chicago  Railroad,  15  miles 
N.  of  Peru,  and  8  miles  S.  of  Rochester.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  graded  school,  and  a  flour-mill.  The  name  of  its  post-office 
is  Allen,  and  that  of  its  station  is  Lincoln.    Pop.  about  350. 

Lincoln,  a  hamlet  of  Spencer  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Cincin- 
nati, Rockport  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  17  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Rockport. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Kankakee  River.     Pop.  1063. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Adair  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  977. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  470. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa.     P.  696. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Black  Hawk  co.,  Iowa.     P.  569. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Buena  Vista  co.,  Iowa.     P.  90, 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Calhoun  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  405. 
It  contains  Manson. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  310. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Cerro  Gordo  co.,  Iowa.     P.  409. ' 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Clay  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  358. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  303. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Dallas  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  467. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Grundy  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  352. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  123. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Iowa  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  550, 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  568. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  962. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Mitchell  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  771. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Monona  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  687. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Iowa.     P.  541. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Page  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  745. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Plymouth  co.,  Iowa.   Pop.  712. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Pocahontas  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  85. 

Lincoln,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa,  15  mile* 
N.W.  of  Des  Moines. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1103. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Poweshiek  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  811. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Ringgold  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  492. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Scott  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  992. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  343. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Sioux  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  227. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Story  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  292. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  389. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  448. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Winneshiek  co.,  Iowa.     P.  HOT. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Anderson  co.,  Kansas.     P.  332. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  635. 
It  contains  Concordia. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Kansas.  It  has 
4  steam  mills,  and  mines  of  coal.  Pop.  1397.  It  contains 
Arcadia. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
347.     It  contains  Solomon  City. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Kansas,  traversed 
by  the  Marais  des  Cygnes.     Pop.  369. 

Lincoln,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Lincoln  co.,  Kansas, 
in  Indiana  township,  on  Saline  River,  25  miles  N.  of  Ells- 
worth, and  about  78  miles  W.  of  Junction  City.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  grist-mill.  Pop. 
in  1880,  422;  in  1890,  1100. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Linn  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  1661. 
It  contains  La  Cygne. 

Lincoln,  a  hamlet  of  Nemaha  co.,  Kansas,  about  60 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Topeka. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Neosho  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  94-1. 
It  contains  Jacksonville. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  304; 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Rcpublio  co.,  Kansas.     P.  446. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas.     P.  296. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Smith  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  364. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
1109.     Post-offices,  Chepstow  and  Kimeo. 

Lincoln,  a  plantation  of  Oxford  co..  Me.     Pop.  30. 

Lincoln,  a  post-village  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  in  Lin- 
coln township,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Penobscot  River,  and 
on  the  European  <fc  North  American  Railroad,  45  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  Bangor.  It  has  an  academy,  2  churches,  several 
saw-mills,  <fec.    Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1766. 

Lincoln,  a  post-village  in  Lincoln  township,  Middlesex 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  17  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Boston,  and  3  miles  S.E.  of  Concord.  It  has  a  high  school 
and  3  churches.  The  Sudbury  River  touches  the  W.  bor- 
der of  the  township.     Pop.  of  the  township,  834. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Berrien  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1122. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Isabella  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  700. 

Lincoln,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mason  co.,  Mich.,  in  Lincoln 
township,  on  Lake  Michigan,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Little 


LIN 


1658 


LIN 


Bable  River,  2)  milM  from  Ludington.  It  hu  n,  ohuroh,  a 
flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  tliingle-niill.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  181. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Midland  oo.,  Mioh.     Pop.  259. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Osceola  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  529. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  DIuo  Earth  co.,  Minn.     P.  495. 

Lincoln,  a  nost-offlue  of  Wabasha  oo.,  Minn.,  about  22 
miles  N.  of  Koolioiitor. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Andrew  oo..  Mo.     Pop.  2080. 

Lincoln,  a  post-village  of  Benton  oo.,  Mo.,  in  White 
township,  24  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Sedaliii.  It  haa  2  churches, 
a  flour-mill,  2  saw-mills,  and  3  stores. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Caldwell  co..  Mo.     Pop.  589. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Clarke  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  IIUO. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Dallas  oo.,  Mo.     Pop.  943. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Daviess  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  736. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Douglas  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  209. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  555. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Nodaway  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1042. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Putnam  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1057. 

Lincoln,  a  post-village  of  Deer  Lodge  co.,  Montana,  on 
the  lilaokfout  Uivor,  about  05  miles  W.N.W.  of  Helena. 
It  is  near  the  base  of  high  mountains.  Gold  is  found 
here  in  plaoer-mines.     Pop.  187. 

Lincoln,  a  city,  the  capital  of  the  state  of  Nebraska 
and  of  Lancaster  co.,  is  situated  on  Suit  Creek,  54  miles 
by  rail  S.W.  of  Omaha.  Lat.  about  40°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  90° 
45'  W.  It  is  midway  between  Chicago  and  Denver,  being 
512  miles  from  each.  Lincoln  is  located  in  the  midst  of  a 
.net-work  of  railroads,  being  a  centre  of  no  fewer  than 
twelve  distinct  lines.  The  city  is  surrounded  by  beautiful 
undulating  prairies,  and  excellent  building-sites  abound  in 
its  neighborhood.  It  contains  a  state-house  built  at  a 
cost  of  $900,000,  a  state  asylum  for  the  insane  which  cost 
$275,000,  a  penitentiary,  5  national  banks,  4  savings-banks, 
the  state  library  of  20,000  volumes,  40  churches,  2  opera- 
houses,  and  a  high  school  which  cost  about  $40,000.  It  is 
the  seat  of  the  Nebraska  State  University  and  Agricultural 
College,  all  departments  Of  which  are  open  to  both  sexes, 
the  Nebraska  Wesleyan  University,  the  University  of  the 
Christian  Church,  the  Episcopal  Church  College,  Union 
College,  the  Western  Normal  College,  the  Lincoln  Normal 
University,  and  a  convent  (Roman  Catholic).  All  the 
streets  are  100  feet  wide,  except  the  avenues,  which  are  120 
feet  wide.  Three  daily  and  12  weekly  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished here.  In  the  vicinity  of  Lincoln  are  abundant  saline 
springs  and  a  beautiful  salt  lake.  This  place  was  selected 
as  the  seat  of  government  in  1867,  since  which  it  has  in- 
creased rapidly.  The  city  h.as  a  fine  water-supply,  and 
electric  street-cars  traverse  the  principal  streets.  It  has  a 
thriving  wholesale  trade,  and  many  flourishing  manufacto- 
ries. Pop.  in  1880,  13,003 ;  in  1890,  55,491.  West  Lincoln, 
a  suburb,  contains  extensive  packing-houses,  and  several 
large  manufacturing  establishments  and  stock-yards. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Grafton  co.,  N.U.,  contains 
some  of  the  most  attractive  scenery  of  the  Franconia  Moun- 
tain group,  and  is  much  visited  in  summer.     Pop.  71. 

Lincoln,  Sussex  co.,  N.J.    See  Greenville. 

Lincoln,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lincoln  co..  Now 
Mexico,  on  the  Rio  Bonito,  9  miles  E.  of  Fort  Stanton,  and 
about  150  miles  in  a  direct  line  S.  by  E.  of  Santa  F6.  It 
is  in  a  fertile  valley. 

Lincoln,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  about  17 
miles  E.  of  Rochester.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  cheese- 
factory. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Lincoln  co.,  N.C.,  identical 
with  the  village  of  Lincolnton.     Pop.  886. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  New  Hanover  co.,  N.C.    P.  1359. 

Lincoln,  a  post-ofiice  of  Gallia  co.,  0. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Morrow  co.,  0.     Pop.  915. 

Lincoln,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Willamette  River,  about  7  miles  above  Salem. 

Lincoln,  a  station  on  the  Western  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road, 14  miles  N.E.  of  Alleghany  City,  Pa. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  1399. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  532. 

Lincoln,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  in  Eph- 
rata  township,  about  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Reading,  and  1 
mile  from  Ephrata  Station.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  cigars,  flour,  and  furniture. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Providenoe  co.,  R.I.  Pop. 
11.565. 

Lincoln,  a  post-hamlet  of  CIny  co.,  S.D.,  20  miles 
.  (direct)  E.  of  Yanktcm.     It  has  a  church. 

Lincoln,  a  post-villnge  of  Lincoln  co..  Tenn.,  7  miles 
S.  of  Flintville  Railroad  Station,  and  2  miles  from  the  S. 
boundary  of  the  state.    It  has  an  academy  aud  2  churches. 


Lincoln,  a  post-village  of  Addison  co.,  Vt.,  in  Llotoln 
township,  ab<mt  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Burlington.  It  hu  I 
churches,  and  manuiacturcH  of  lumber  and  wooden-war* 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1255. 

Lincoln,  a  post-village  of  Loudonn  oo.,  Vn.,  2  milM 
from  Purcellville  Station.  It  has  a  Friends'  uootins  t 
saw-mill,  a  foundry,  and  a  planing-mill. 

Lincoln,  a  post-village  of  Whitman  co.,  Washineton, 
95  miles  N.E.  of  AValla  Walla.  It  has  a  llour-miU  and  a 
saw-mill. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Adams  co..  Wis.    Pop.  307. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Bufl'alo  co..  Wis.    Pop,  04g. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Eau  Claire  co..  Wis.    Pup.  1251, 

Lincoln,  a  post-township  of  Kewaunee  co..  Wis., about 
22  miles  S.E.  of  Oconto,  and  5  miles  W.of  Lake  Miohinin 
Pop.  937.  ' 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  AVis.    Pop.  843. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Polk  co..  Wis.  Pop.  72L  It 
contains  Lincoln  Centre. 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Trempealeau  co.,  Wig.    P.74i, 

Lincoln,  a  township  of  Wood  co..  Wis.    Pop.  425. 

Lincoln  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Lincoln  township, 
Penobscot  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  European  &  North  Amcrictn 
Railroad,  and  on  the  Penobscot,  46  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Bangor 
It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill,  and  is  a  depot  of  lumber. 

Lincoln  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co..  Wis.,  ia 
Lincoln  township,  on  Sucker  Lake,  about  33  miles  NJ{.£ 
of  Hudson.     It  has  a  church. 

Lincoln  City,  Colonulo.    See  Li\col!». 

Lincoln  Falls,  a  post-ofiice  of  Sullivan  co.,  Pa. 

Lincoln  Green,  a  post-ofiice  of  Johnson  co..  III. 

Lincolnia,or  Liuconia,  lin-ko'nf-a,  a  post-office ot 
Fairfax  co.,  Va. 

Lincoln  Park,  a  post-hamlct  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  ia 
Pequannock  township,  on  the  Boonton  Branch  of  the  Uor. 
ris  A  Essex  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Paterson. 

Lincoln  Park,  a  station  in  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Rochester  &  State  Line  Railroad,  3  miles  from  Rochester. 

Lincolnshire,  England.    Sec  Lincoln. 

Lincolnton,  link'iin-tgn,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Lincoln  CO.,  Qa.,  about  48  miles  W.N.W.  of  Augusta,  and  S 
miles  from  the  Savannah  River.  It  has  2  churches,  an 
academy,  and  a  manufactory  of  furniture.    Pop.  about  500. 

Lincolnton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lincoln  co.,  N.C, 
on  Little  Catawba  River,  and  on  the  Carolina  Central  lUilU 
road,  32  miles  N.W.  of  Charlotte.  It  has  5  churchc.^!,  a  news- 
paper oflace,  a  paper-mill,  and  a  cotton-factory.    Pop.  lUUO. 

Lincoln  University,  a  post-ofiice  and  station  of 
Chester  co.,  Pa.,  in  Lower  Oxford  township,  on  the  Phila- 
delphia &  I3altimore  Central  Railroad,  50  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Philadelphia,  and  3  miles  from  Oxford.  Here  is  Lincoln 
University  (Presbyterian),  which  was  organized  in  1854, 
for  the  education  of  colored  men. 

Lincolnvillc,  link'un-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wabash  I 
CO.,  Ind.,  in  L.agro  township,  about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Folt 
AVayne.     It  has  a  church.  i 

Lincolnvillc,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Kansas,  j 
about  44  miles  W.  of  Emporia. 

Lincolnville,  a  post-village  in  Lincoln  township,  | 
Waldo  CO.,  Me.,  on  Penobscot  Bay,  about  38  miles  E.  of 
Augusta,  and  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Belfast.  It  has  a  church. 
The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Penobscot  Bay,  and 
has  manufactures  of  lime  and  leather.  Pop.  of  the  village, 
about  700;  of  the  township,  1900. 

Lincolnville,  a  post-hamlct  of  Crawford  co..  Pa., on 
the  Union  &  Titusville  Railroad,  16  miles  N.N.AV.  of  litus 
ville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Linconia,  Fairfax  co.,  Va,    Sec  Lincolnia. 

Lind,  a  post-oflico  of  Waupaca  co.,  Wis.,  in  Lind  town- 
ship, 0  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Waupaca,  and  about  33  miles  N.W. 
of  Oshkosh.  The  township  h.as  a  church  and  a  chceso-iw- 
tory.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1037. 

Lin'da,  a  township  of  Yuba  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  401.  j 

Linda,  a  post-oflSoe  of  Gallia  co.,  0.  j 

Lindah,  lin'di,  a  town  of  India,  in  Cutch,  1  mile  from  j 
Shahpoor.  | 

Lin'dale,  a  post-oflSco  of  Modoc  co.,  Cal.,  4  miles  fr»«  f 
Goose  Lake.  _        .    i 

Lindale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  in  Oblo  i 
township,  17  miles  E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  a  church,*  j 
grist-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  100.  j 

Lindale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smith  co.,  Tex.,  on  tholo-  i| 
ternational  A  Great  Northern  Railroad  (Northern  dirislen),  ' 
11  miles  S.  of  Mineoliv. 

Lindau,  lin'dow,  a  fortified  town  of  Bavaria,  25  milM 
E.S.E.  of  Constance,  on  an  island  in  the  Lake  of  ConsunM, 
united  to  the  mainland  by  a  bridge  300  feet  in  leng*- 


LIN 


1659 


LIN 


op.  5124.    It  has  a  castle,  a  high  school,  and  an  active 
Hnmerce  in  corn,  fruit,  wine,  and  cheese. 
Lindaii,  a  town  of  Hanover,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Got- 
ngen.     Pop.  1473. 

Liiide,  lin'dSh,  or  Lindesberg,lin'd5s-beRG^a  town 
■  Central  Sweden,  Isen  and  20  miles  N.  of  Orebro.  P.  1226. 
Linden,  lin'den,  a  well-built  suburb  of  Hanover,  Prus- 
a,  1  mile  W.  of  the  city.     Pop.  20,899. 
1  Linden,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Hesse,  province  of 
ieder-Hessen,  3  miles  S.S.W.  of  Giessen.     Pop.  1918. 
i  Lin'den,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Marengo  co.,  Ala., 
i2  miles  ^V.  by  S.  of  Selma.     It  has  a  money-order  post- 
iBco  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  .300. 
j  Linden,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Francis  co.,  Ark.,  32  miles 
f.S.W.  of  Memphis,  Tenn. 

i  Linden,  a  post-village  of  San  Joaquin  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Lne  Railroad,  14  miles  E.  of  Stockton.  It  has  2  churches 
'id  a  flouring-mill. 

!  Linden,  a  post-village  in  Madison  township,  Mont- 
Smery  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago 
lailroad,  IS  miles  S.  of  Lafayette.  It  has  2  churches  and 
'graded  school. 

!  Linden,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
j[etropolitan  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  9 
liiles  N.  of  Washington,  D.C. 

'  Linden,  a  station  of  Prince  George's  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
iope's  Creek  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Potomac  Railroad, 
J  miles  S.  of  Bowie. 

;  Linden,  a  post- village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  in  Mal- 
ien  township,  on  the  Saugus  Branch  of  the  Eastern  Rail- 
()iid,  5  or  6  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Boston.     It  has  a  knittins- 
■iciory  and  a  manufactory  of  drums  and  banjos. 
*  Linden,  a  post-village  in  Fenton  township,  Genesee 
h.,  Mich.,  is  on  or  near  the  Shiawassee  River,  and  on  the 
.'etroit,  Grand  Haven  &  Milwaukee  Railroad,  55    miles 
'.W.  of  Detroit,  15  miles  (direct)  S.  by  W.  of  Flint,  and 
imiles  N.W.  of  Fenton.    It  has  a  graded  school,  2  churches, 
fhandle-f'actory,  a  eider-mill,  a  vinegar-factory,  a  planing- 
lill,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  flour,  lumber,  staves, 
Ijd  ploughs.     Pop.  in  1890,  552. 
(Linden,  Wexford  co.,  Mich.     See  Harino. 
JLinden,  a  post-township  of  Brown  co.,  Minn.,  about 
):  miles  W.  of  Mankato.    It  contains  several  lakes.    P.  584. 
I  Linden,  a  post-office  of  Copiah  co..  Miss. 
[Linden;  a  small  village  of  Atchison  co..  Mo.,  6  miles 
I.E.  of  AVatson  Railroad  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 
^Linden,  a  township  of  Christian  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1440. 
\  contains  the  village  of  Kenton. 

I  Linden,  a  post-village  in  Linden  township,  Union  co., 
.J.,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  New  York  with  New 
i-unswick,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Elizabeth,  and  17  miles  S.W. 
I  New  York.     It  has  3  churches. 

Linden,  a  post-village  in  Bethany  township,  Genesee 
}.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  38  miles  E.  of  Buflalo.     It 
i.s  a  flour-mill,  2  stores,  a  foundry,  and  40  houses. 
I  Linden,  a  station  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pitts- 
|.rg  <fc  Conncllsville  Railroad,  2  miles  E.  of  Pittsburg,  Pa. 
iLinden,  a  post-village  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
jest  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  1  mile  from  Linden 
ation  of  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad,  and  6  miles 
(ove  Williamsport.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  saw-mill. 
ILinden,  a  post-village,  capital  of   Perry  co.,  Tenn., 
'out  80  miles  S.W.  of  Nashville,  and  9  miles  E.  of  the 
pnncssee  River.     It  haa  a  church.     Pop.  about  500. 
jLinden,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Cass  co.,  Tex.,  9  miles 
j.  of  Kildare  Railroad  Station,  and  about  20  miles  N.  of 
fferson.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  newspaper  ofiice. 
Linden,  formerly  Manassas  Gap,  a  post-village  of 
(arren  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  whore 
jpasses  through  the  Blue  Ridge,  8  miles  E.  of  Front  Royal. 
!  has  a  churcli  and  a  flouring-mill. 

[Linden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Roane  co.,  W.  Va.,  40  miles 
I )m  Charleston.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 
Xinden,  a  post-village  of  Iowa  co.,  Wis.,  in  Linden 
ftfnship,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Mineral   Point,  and  about  50 
lies  W.S.W.  of  Madison.     It  has  2  churches  and  4  stores, 
'sad  is  mined  here.    Pop.  in  1890,  462;  of  township,  1861. 
'Lindenan,  lin'deh-n5w\  a  village  of  Bohemia,  E.N.E. 
Ij  Leitmeritz,  with  2000  inhabitants. 
Lindenan,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  government 
Oppeln,  circle  of  Grottau.     Pop.  1166. 
Lindenan,  a  village  of  Saxony,  3  miles  W.  of  Leipsio. 
!>p.7484.  ^  J,  f 

.Lin'den  Hall,  a  post-village  of  Centre  co..  Pa.,  on 
,e  Lewisburg,  Centre  &  Spruce  Creek  Railroad,  about  30 
lies  S.W.  of  Lock  Haven.  It  has  a  church  and  a  flour- 
ill. 


Lindenstadt,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Leibnitz. 

Lin'denville,  a  post-village  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0.,  in 
Wayne  township,  about  60  miles  E.  of  Cleveland.  It  ha« 
2  churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Lin'denwald,  a  station  on  the  Cincinnati,  Ilamilton 
<t  Dayton  Railroad,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Hamilton,  0. 

Lin'denwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ogle  co.,  111.,  about 
16  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Rockford.     It  has  a  church. 

Lin'dersville,  a  post-office  of  Adair  co.,  Mo.,  about 
30  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Macon. 

Lindesberg,  a  town  of  Sweden.    See  Linde. 

Lindesnaes,  a  cape  of  Norway.    See  Naze. 

Lindewiese,  lin'd§h-<^ee^z§h,  Ober,  o'ber,  and  Nie- 
DER,  nee'd^r,  two  nearly  contiguous  villages  of  Austrian 
Silesia,  about  20  miles  from  Zuckmantel.  Pop.  of  Ober 
Lindewiese,  1494;  of  Nieder  Lindewiese,  2311. 

Lind  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Morehouse  parish,  La, 

Lindina,  a  township  of  Juneau  co.,  AVis.     Pop.  1066. 

Lindislarne,  England.    See  Holy  Islamd. 

Lind'ley,  a  post-village  of  Grundy  co..  Mo.,  in  Marion 
township,  on  Medicine  Creek,  15  miles  E.  of  Trenton,  and 
about  24  miles  N.N.E.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  about  400. 

Lindley,  a  township  of  Mercer  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1519. 

Lindley,  or  Lind'leytOAvn,  a  post- village  in  Lindley 
township,  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Tioga  River,  and  on  the 
Corning,  Cowanesque  <fc  Antrim  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of 
Corning.  It  has  3  churches  and  several  mills  or  factories. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1482. 

Lind'ly's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co..  Pa., 
about  36  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Pittsburg. 

Lindo,  lin'do  (anc.  Lin'dus ;  Gr.  Aiv8os),  a  well-built 
village,  the  ancient  capital  of  the  island  of  Rhodes,  on  a 
promontory  of  its  E.  coast,  23  miles  S.  of  Rhodes,  with  a 
small  harbor  and  interesting  remains  of  antiquity. 

Lindow,  lin'dov,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenbur}?, 
36  miles  N.N.W.  of  Berlin.     Pop.  1711. 

L'Indre,  a  village  of  France.    See  Indre. 

Lindsay,  lin'ze,  an  island  in  the  North  Pacific  OceiiM. 
Lat.  19°  20'  N.;  Ion.  141°  15'  30"  E.     It  is  4  miles  long. 

Lindsay,  lin'ze,  a  post-office  of  Platte  co..  Neb. 

Lindsay,  lin'ze,  the  chief  town  of  the  co.  of  Victoria, 
Ontario,  on  the  navigable  river  Scugog,  at  the  junction  of 
several  railways,  43  miles  N.AV.  of  Port  Hope.  It  has  .in 
extensive  trade  in  lumber  and  grain,  3  branch  banks,  the 
county  buildings,  several  churches  and  schools,  grist-  and 
saw-mills,  a  number  of  fine  stores,  and  manufactories  of 
iron  castings,  machinery,  leather,  woollen  goods,  wooden- 
ware,  beer,  boots  and  shoes,  &c.     Pop.  4049. 

Lindsay's,  a  station  on  the  Chesapeake  &,  Ohio  Rail- 
road, 5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Gordonsville,  Va. 

Lindsay's  Mill,  a  hamlet  of  Trigg  co.,  Ky.,  12  miles 
S.W.  of  Hopkinsville.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Lindsborg,  linz'borg,  a  post-village  of  McPherson  co., 
Kansas,  on  the  Smoky  Hill  River,  20  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Sa- 
lina.  It  was  settled  by  Swedes.  It  contains  3  churches,  a 
flouring-mill,  a  saw-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  968. 

Lindsey,  lin'ze,  a  post-village  of  Ottawa  co.,  Kansas, 
on  the  Solomon  River,  2  or  3  miles  S.E.  of  Minneapolis, 
and  about  20  miles  N.  by  AV.  of  Salina. 

Lindsey,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1383. 

Lindsey,  a  post-village  of  Sandusky  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Lake  Shore  Railroad,  2  miles  N.W.  of  Fremont.  It  has  a 
church,  a  paper-mill,  a  saw-mill,  &o.     Pop.  in  1890,  458. 

Lindseyville,  lin'ze-vil,  a  hamlet  of  Worcester  co., 
Md.,  about  7  miles  S.AV.  of  Snow  Hill.     Pop.  54. 

Lind'side,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  W.  Va.,  about 
28  miles  S.AV.  of  AVhite  Sulphur  Springs. 

Lindum,  the  ancient  name  of  Lincoln. 

Lindas,  the  ancient  name  of  Lindo. 

Line,  a  post-hamlct  of  Morehouse  parish.  La.,  on  the 
navigable  Bayou  Bartholomew,  about  45  miles  N.E.  of 
Monroe.     It  has  a  church. 

Lineborough,  lin'bfir-ruh,  a  post- village  in  Stanstead 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  boundary-line,  adjacent  to  North  Derby, 
Vt.,  and  on  the  Massawippi  Valley  Railway,  34  i  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Sherbrooke.     Pop.  150. 

Lineburg,  lln'burg,  a  post-office  of  Pickens  co.,  Ala. 

Line  Creek,  of  Georgia,  forms  the  boundary  between 
Fayette  and  Coweta  cos.,  and  joins  Whitewater  Creek. 

Line  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ky. 

Line  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Sumner  co.,  Miss. 

Line  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C, 

Line  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C. 

Line  Lex'ington,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.. 
Pa.,  on  the  Bucks  co.  line,  13  miles  N.N.E.  of  Norristown. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  seminary. 


LIN 


1880 


LIN 


Line  Sfonntain,  a  post-hantlet  of  Northumberland 
eo.,  Pa.,  ftbout  15  inilM  S.E.  of  Sunbury. 

Lineport,  lln'j)ort,  a  hninlet  of  Stewart  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Kentucky  lino,  and  on  the  Cumberland  Kivor,  10  miles 
N.N.W.  of  liovor. 

JLincs,  lins,  a  station  in  LuEorno  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the  Nan- 
tiooke  Kailroa^l,  2  milos  from  Nantiooke. 

Line  Spring)  a  post-office  of  Clay  oo.,  Tenn. 

Liine  Store«  a  post-office  of  Benton  co..  Ark. 
Liiicsvillc,  lini'vll,  a  borough  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  in 
Pino  township,  on  the  Erie  Jb  Pittsburg  Uailroad,  43  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Erie,  and  U  miles  W.  of  Moodvillo.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  flour-mil),  a  graded  school,  and  a  sash-  and 
door-factory.  Pop.  in  1890,  652.  Its  post-office,  formerly 
Linosvillc  Station,  is  now  Linesville. 

Lincvillef  lin'vll,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co.,  Ala.,  28 
miles  S.E.  of  Talladega.  It  has  an  academy  and  2  churches. 
liinevillev  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
S.  boundary  of  the  state,  in  Onind  liivor  township,  and  on 
the  Chicago,  Ilook  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  16  miles  N.E. 
of  Princeton,  Mo.  It  has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
money-order  post-office,  and  3  churches.     Pop.  (189(1)  006. 

liineville^  a  post-village  of  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  bor- 
der of  Clarion  co.,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Oil  City,  and  18  miles 
Ft.  of  Franklin.     It  has  3  churches.     Oil  is  found  near  it. 

JLing,  a  Chinese  word,  signifying  "mountain-chain,"  or 
"range,"  forming  part  of  the  names  of  many  places  in 
China :  as,  Pe-Lino,  "  the  Northern  llange,"  Ac. 

Linga,  lin'g&,  two  Shetland  Islands,  between  Mainland 
and  Yell ;  also  an  islet  of  the  Hebrides,  W.  of  Mull. 

Liu^gah',  Lin^garS  or  Linja,  lin^y&',  a  town  and 
seaport  on  the  N.E.  side  of  the  Persian  Gulf.  Lat.  26°  37' 
N.;  Ion.  54°  59'  E.  It  has  a  good  port,  and  a  largo  trade 
by  sea,  and  is  well  built.  Pop.  8000.  It  is  under  an  Arab 
governor. 

Lin'gan',  a  post-village  in  Cape  Breton  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
on  the  sea-coast,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Sydney.  It  has  coal- 
mines and  several  stores,  and  is  the  terminus  of  a  short 
railway.     Pop.  300. 

Ling'anore,  a  post-hamlet  of  Frederick  co.,  Md., 
about  35  miles  W.N.W.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  2  stores. 

Linganore  Creek,  Maryland,  runs  nearly  S.W.,  and 
enters  the  Monocacy  River  4  miles  E.  of  Frederick. 

Liugayen,  Icen-gd-yfin',  a  seaport  town  on  the  W. 
coast  of  Luzon,  Philippines,  100  miles  N.N.W.  of  Manila. 
Pop.  23,063. 

liinge,  or  Do  Linge,  d^h  ling'H^h,  a  stream  of  the 
Netherlands,  which,  after  a  course  of  40  miles,  joins  the 
Waal  at  Qorkum. 

Lingen,  ling'^n,  a  town  of  Hanover,  36  milos  W.N.W. 
of  Osnaburg.  Pop.  5736.  It  has  Calvinistic,  Roman  Catho- 
lic, and  Lutheran  churches,  and  a  gymnasium. 

liingen,  ling'gb^n,  or  Linga,  ling'gfl,  an  island  of  the 
Malay  Archipelago,  oflf  the  E.  coast  of  Sumatra,  in  lat,  0° 
20'  S.,  Ion.  104°  40'  E.,  100  miles  S.S.E.  of  Singapore. 
Length,  40  miles ;  breadth,  20  miles.  It  produces  fine 
timber,  and  is  governed  by  a  native  rajah  under  Dutch 
protection.     Pop.  about  10,000. 

liingenau,  ling'<;n-6w\  a  village  of  the  Tyrol,  8  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Bregenz.     Pop.  1022. 

liingenfeld,  ling'^n-fSIt^  a  village  of  Rhenish  Ba- 
varia, W.  of  Speycr.     Pop.  1602. 

Linglcstown,  ling'§lz-town,  a  post-borough  of  Dau- 
phin CO.,  Pa.,  in  Lower  Paxton  township,  8  miles  N.E.  of 
Harrisburg.  It  has  3  churches,  3  stores,  and  2  coach- 
factories.     Pop.  about  600. 

Ijing>Lo-Shan,orLing-Lo-Chan,ling^-lo-sh&n', 
A  mountain  in  China,  covered  with  perpetual  snow,  in  the 
province  of  Kan-Soo.     Lat.  about  35°  N.;  Ion.  103°  E. 

Liingo,  ling'go,  a  post-hamlet  of  Macon  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  Railroad,  20  miles  W.  of  Macon. 

liingones,  an  ancient  name  of  Langres. 

Liugiiaglossa,  lin'gwd-glos'si,  a  town  of  Sicily,  23 
miles  N.  of  Catania.     Pop.  8822. 

Lingula,  the  Latin  name  of  Laiqueglia. 

Jjinhares,  leen-yi'rds,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province 
of  Bcira,  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Quarda.     Pop.  1033. 

Linhares,  lecn-yi'rSs,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  Espirito 
Santo,  on  the  Doee,  30  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Atlantic. 

Linkebeek,  lin'k^h-baik^  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
Brabant,  5  miles  S.  of  Brus.sels.     Pop.  1300. 

Lin-Kiang,  or  Lin-Kiang-Foo,  lin'-ke-lng*-foo', 
a  city  of  China,  province  of  Kiang-Seo,  capital  of  a  depart- 
ment.    Lat.  28°  N. ;  Ion.  115°  24'  E. 

Linklaen,  Chenango  co.,  N.Y.    See  Lincklaex. 

Liiikoping,  or  Linlgoping,  lin'cho'ping,  called  also 
Ocstergotland,  os'tfr-got'l&nt,  or  OsHrogo'thia,  a 


Isen  of  Sweden,  on  the  Baltic.  Area,  4226  square  miles.  Sur- 
face mountainous,  wooded,  and  interspersed  with  nuincrom 
lakes.  The  Motala  River  and  Kumla  Canal  traverso  iu 
centre.  Products  comprise  corn,  ho])s,  flax,  and  timber 
with  iron,  load,  and  various  other  minerals.  Manufuo' 
turing  establishments  comprise  barrel-  and  sail-cloth-fao- 
tories,  and  iron-  and  copper-works.  Principal  towns,  Lin- 
kSping  and  Norrkjoping.     Pop.  268,584. 

LiukOping,  or  LiuK)5ping,  a  town  of  Sweden,  cap- 
ital  of  a  lien  of  its  own  name,  on  the  Stang-An,  near  Ui 
mouth  in  Lake  Ro.\en,  108  miles  S.W.  of  Stockholm,  It 
has  a  cathedral  and  other  churches,  a  town  hall,  a  library 
a  house  of  assembly,  an  old  castle,  and  a  gymnasium.  Pop. 
8373.     It  is  a  Lutheran  bishop's  sec. 

Liink'villc,  a  post-office  of  Platte  co..  Mo. 

Liiikvillc,  a  post- village  of  Lake  co.,  Oregon,  ISO  milei 
N.  of  Redding,  Cal. 

Link'wood,  a  post-village  of  Dorchester  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Dorchester  A  Delaware  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of  Cam 
bridge.     It  has  a  cannery,  3  stores,  a  carriage-shoj),  Ac. 

Linlith'go,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Livingston  township,  near  the  Hudson  River,  and  on  the 
Hudson  River  Railroad,  about  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Hudson. 
It  h.is  a  church  and  a  ]>apor-mill. 

Linlithgow,  lin-lith'go,  Linlithgowshire,  lin- 
lith'go-shir,  or  West  Lothian,  lo'THij-an,  a  county  of 
Scotland,  having  on  the  N.  the  Firth  of  Forth,  on  the  E.  and 
S.  the  CO.  of  Edinburgh,  and  on  the  W.  the  cos.  of  Lanark 
and  Stirling.  Area,  127  square  miles.  The  surface  is  beau- 
tifully varied  with  gentle  undulations.  Chief  rivers,  the 
Almond  and  Avon,  Soil  in  the  S.  swampy  and  moorland, 
elsewhere  generally  fertile.  Coal  is  extensively  wrought.  ' 
Capital,  Linlithgow.  The  county,  independent  of  two  con- 
tributory boroughs,  sends  one  member  to  the  House  of 
Commons.     Pop.  40,965. 

Linlithgow,  a  town  of  Scotland,  capital  of  the  co.  of 
Linlithgow,  on  the  Union  Canal,  17  miles  by  rail  W,  of 
Edinburgh,  and  28  miles  E.N.E.  of  Glasgow.  It  is  situated 
in  a  hollow,  beside  a  fine  lake.  The  chief  buildings  are  the 
parish  church  of  St.  Michael,  erected  in  the  twelfth  cen- 
tury, one  of  the  noblest  Gothic  structures  in  Scotland;  a 
town  house,  with  sheriflTs  court-room,  jail,  and  a  curious 
hexagonal  cross-well,  and  magnificent  remains  of  a  royal 
palace,  founded,  probably,  by  Edward  I.  of  England.  It  is 
a  quadrangle,  occupying  an  acre  of  ground,  and  has  a  heavy 
but  imposing  exterior,  and  fine  apartments,  the  most  inter- 
esting being  the  parliament  hall,  and  the  room  in  which 
Mary  Queen  of  Scots  was  born  in  1542.  The  town  has  a 
grammar-school,  and  manufactures  of  leather,  spirits,  glue, 
and  beer.  It  unites  with  Falkirk,  Airdrie,  Lanark,  and 
Hamilton  in  sending  one  member  to  the  House  of  Com- 
mons.    Pop.  3690. 

Iiinn,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Dusseldorf.     Pop.  1306. 

Linn,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an  area  of 
720  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Cedar  and  Wap- 
sipinicon  Rivers,  and  is  also  drained  by  BuHalo  and  Prairie 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with 
beautiful  prairies  and  forests  of  hard  timber,  which  is  here 
abundant.  The  soil  is  very  fertile  and  well  watered.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  butter,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Limestone  underlies  part  of  the  soil.  This  county 
contains  the  city  of  Cedar  Rapids.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  the. Chicago,  Milwaukee 
A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  and  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  i, 
Northern  Railroad,  the  second  named  connecting  with 
Marion,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  ill, 080; 
in  1880,  37,237;  in  1890,  45,303. 

Linn,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Kansas,  bordering  on 
Missouri,  has  an  area  of  about  637  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Osage  River,  and  also  drained  by  Big  Sugar 
Creek  and  North  Sugar  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating 
or  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  forests, 
which  grow  along  the  streams.  The  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  oats,  wheat,  hay,  cattle,  and  butter  are  the 
staple  products.  About  90  per  cent,  of  this  coilnty  i.s  prai- 
rie. It  has  beds  of  bituminous  coal,  and  abundance  of 
limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Kansas  City,  Fort  Scott 
A  Memphis  Railroad  and  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad. 
Capital,  Mound  City.  Pop.  in  1870, 12,174;  in  1880, 15,298; 
in  1890,  17,215. 

Linn,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an  area 
of  620  squore  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Locust  and  Yellow 
Creeks,  which  run  southward,  and  is  also  drained  by  Muscle 
River  and  several  afiluents  of  Grand  River,  which  touches 
the  S.W.  corner  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  undulating, 
and  extensively  covered  with  forests.     The  soil  is  fertile. 


LIN 


16G1 


LIN 


Indian  corn,  oats,  wheat,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
iproducts.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Hannibal  & 
St.  Joseph  Railroad  and  the  Chicago,  Burlington  <fc  Kansas 
City  Railroad.  Capital,  Linneus.  Pop.  in  1870,  15,900  j 
in  1880,  20,016;  in  ISUO,  24,121. 

Linn,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Oregon,  has  an  area 
of  about  2360  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by 
the  North  Fork  of  the  Santiam  River,  and  on  the  W.  by 
the  Willamette.  It  is  also  drained  by  the  Calapooya  River 
and  the  South  Fork  of  the  Santiam.  The  surface  is  diver- 
sified with  grand  mountain-scenery  and  with  prairies  and 
extensive  forests.  Mount  Jefferson,  a  high  peak  of  the 
Cascade  Range,  covered  with  perpetual  snow,  stands  on  the 
[eastern  border  of  this  county.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  and 
Iprairies  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  butter,  hay,  lumber,  and 
fwool  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
'Southern  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Albany.  Pop.  in  1870, 
[8717;  in  1880,  12,676;  in  1890,  16,265. 

Linn,  a  township  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  438. 

Linn,  a  township  of  Dallas  CO.,  Iowa.  Pop.  833.  Linn 
Post-Office  is  10  miles  N.  of  De.xter. 

Linu,  a  township  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  925. 

Linn,  a  station  in  Linn  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Burlington, 
Cedar  Rapids  <fc  Northern  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Milwaukee  division,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Cedar  Rapids. 

Linn,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  958. 

Linn,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Central  Branch  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad.     It  has  a 
newspaper,  manufactures  of  lumber,  Ac,  and  general  stores 
and  business  houses.     Pop.  about  200. 
.   Linn,  a  township  of  Audrain  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  300. 

Linn,  a  township  of  Christian  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  309. 

Linn,  a  township  of  Dent  co..  Mo.     Pop.  403. 

Linn,  a  township  of  Moniteau  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1948. 

Linn,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Osage  co..  Mo.,  in  Linn 
township,  about  100  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis,  and  8  miles  S. 
of  the  Missouri  River.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  2  churches, 
4  stores,  and  a  grist-mill.    Pop.  of  township  in  1890,  1785. 

Linn,  a  post-office  of  Wilson  co.,  Tenn. 

Linn,  a  township  of  Walworth  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  Illinois 
line.    Pop.  870. 

Linn  Creek,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Camden  co., 
Mo.,  in  Osage  township,  and  on  the  Osage  River,  about  50 
miles  S.W.  of  Jefferson  City.  It  has  a  court-house,  a 
imoney-order  post-ofBce,  a  church,  a  publishing-house,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  general  stores.  The  river  is  naviga- 
fble  from  this  place  to  its  mouth.  Pop.  about  200. 
j  Linn'dale,  a  station  in  Cuyahoga  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cleve- 
[land,  Columbus  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of 
Cleveland. 

Lin'neus,  a  post-village  of  Aroostook  co..  Me.,  in  Lin- 
neus township,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Houlton.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  shingle-mill,  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  carriages. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  965. 

Linneus,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Linn  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  Burlington  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  26  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Chillicothe,  and  6  miles  N.  of  Laclede  Station  of  the 
Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  Railroad.  It  has  a  court-house,  a 
inewspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  4  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  chairs,  ploughs,  <fec.     Pop.  in  1 890,  813. 

Linn  Flat,  a  post-office  of  Nacogdoches  co.,  Tex. 

Linn  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Hartford  township,  on  the  Wabash  River,  5  miles  W.  of 
Berne.     It  has  4  churches,  and  a  pop.  of  upwards  of  200. 

Linn  Grove,  a  post-offico  of  Buena  Vista  co.,  Iowa. 

Linnhe,  Loch,  Scotland.    See  Loch  Linnhe. 

Linnich,  lin'nis,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  17  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Aix-la-Chapelle,  on  the  Ruhr.     Pop.  1928. 

Linn's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Mo. 

Linn'ville,  a  post-village  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  36  miles  E. 
of  Columbus.     It  has  3  churches,  a  tannery,  Ac.    Pop.  100. 

Linnville  River,  of  Burke  co,,  N.C.,  flows  into  the 
Catawba. 

Linn'wood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Osage  co..  Mo.,  about  30 
nilcs  E.  by  S.  of  Jefferson  City.     It  has  1  or  2  churches. 

Linosa,  le-no'si  (anc.  ^Jgusa),  a  small  island  of  the 
Mediterranean,  100  miles  S.AV.  of  Sicily,  and  85  miles  W. 
of  Malta.     It  is  of  volcanic  formation,  and  uninhabited. 
i    Lin'scott's,  a  post-office  of  Athens  co.,  0. 

Linselles,  liN-j's^ll',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  6 
miles  N.  of  Lille.     Pop.  1648. 

Linsenhofen,  lin's^n-ho'fen,  a  village  of  Wiirtem- 
berg,  in  the  Black  Forest,  on  the  Stein.ach.     Pop.  1934. 

Lin'son,  a  station  in  Wood  co.,  0.,  on  the  Dayton  <fc 
Michigan  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Toledo. 

Lintao,  an  island  of  China.    See  Lantao. 

Lin-Tchin,  or  Lin-Tcin,  China.    See  Lin-Tsing. 


Linth,  lint,  a  river  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Glanis, 
enters  Lake  Wallenstadt  after  a  N.  course  of  about  26  miles. 
The  Linth  Canal,  9  miles  long,  connects  Lakes  Wallenstadt 
and  Zurich. 

Lin'thwaite,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  4  miles 
S.W.  of  Huddersfleld.     It  has  woollen-mills.     Pop.  6047. 

Lintin,  linHeen',  an  island  of  China,  in  the  Canton 
River,  about  18  miles  N.E.  of  Macao,  and  9  miles  N.  of 
Lantao,  with  a  remarkable  conical  peak. 

Lint'ner  Station,  a  post-office  of  Piatt  co..  111. 

Lin'ton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  lOi  miles  by  rail 
S.E.  of  Cambridge.     Pop.  of  parish,  1838. 

Linton,  or  £ast  Linton,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co. 
and  5i  miles  E.  of  Haddington,  on  the  Tyne,  and  on  the 
North  British  Railway.     Pop.  1037. 

Linton,  or  West  Linton,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co. 
and  10  miles  N.W.  of  Peebles.     Pop.  514. 

Lin'ton,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co.  Go,.,  about  100 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  a  church  and  a  seminary. 
Pop.  nearly  200. 

Linton,  a  post-village  in  Stockton  township,  Greene 
CO.,  Ind.,  about  32  miles  N.E.  of  Vincennes.  It  has  a 
church.     Coal  is  found  here.     Pop.  about  200. 

Linton,  a  township  of  Vigo  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1437. 

Linton,  a  township  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  786. 

Linton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Des  Moines  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad,  20  miles  N. 
of  Burlington, 

Linton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Trigg  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Cum- 
berland River,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Ilopkinsville.  It  has  a 
church. 

Linton,  a  township  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.  Pop.  1600. 
It  contains  Jacobsport  and  Plainfield. 

Linton,  a  post-village  in  Saline  township,  JefiTorson  co., 
0.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  Cleveland  &  Pittsburg 
Railroad,  at  Yellow  Creek  Station,  16  miles  N.  of  Steuben- 
ville.     It  has  a  church,  2  coal-mines,  a  grist-mill,  &a. 

Linton,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  17  miles 
W.  of  Aurora.  It  contains  several  stores  and  a  flouring- 
mill.     Pop.  150. 

Linton  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.,  on 
Wills  Creek,  about  24  miles  N.E.  of  Zancsville.  It  has  a 
church  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and  wooden-ware. 

Lin-Tsing,  lin'-tsing',  Lin-Tching,  or  Lin- 
Tchin,  lin^-cheen',  written  also  Lin-Tcin,  a  city  of 
China,  province  of  Shan-Toong,  on  the  Yu-Ho  Canal,  70 
miles  W.  of  Tsee-Nan.  It  is  populous,  and  stated  to  be 
handsome  and  important  as  a  commercial  city.  It  has  some 
mosques,  several  temples,  one  with  a  colossal  gold  idol,  and 
an  octagonal  tower  of  nine  stories. 

Lintthal,  lint'tS,r,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  9  miles 
S.S.AV.  of  Glarus,  on  the  Linth.     Pop.,  with  vicinity,  2119. 

Lintz,  or  Linz,  lints  (anc.  Len'tia,  or  Len'tiuvi),  a  for- 
tified city,  capital  of  Upper  Austria,  on  the  Danube,  at  a 
railway  junction,  98  miles  W.  of  Vienna.  Lat.  48°  19'  N.; 
Ion.  14°  17'  E.  Pop.  30,538.  It  was  formerly  fortified  in 
a  remarkable  manner  by  detached  forts.  It  is  handsomely 
built,  and  has  three  suburbs,  more  extensive  than  the  city 
itself,  many  fine  churches,  a  landhaus,  formerly  a  Franciscan 
convent,  and  an  old  castle,  now  a  prison  and  penitentiary, 
and  some  large  barracks,  a  custom-house,  bank,  theatre,  &c. 
In  the  principal  square  is  a  marble  column  erected  in  1723 
to  commemorate  the  escape  of  the  city  from  the  double  at- 
tack of  the  plague  and  of  the  Turks.  Its  institutions  com- 
prise a  gymnasium  and  lyceum,  with  a  library,  an  asylum 
for  deaf-mutes,  and  other  hospitals.  The  principal  manu- 
factures are  of  cotton  and  silk  goods,  leather,  gold  lace, 
cards,  tobacco,  and  carpets.  Its  transient  trade  by  the 
Danube  is  very  considerable.  Some  Roman  antiquities 
have  been  discovered  hero. 

Lintz,  or  Linz,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  IS  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Coblentz,  on  the  Rhine.     Pop.  3055. 

Lin'ville,  a  post-offico  of  Hartford  co..  Conn. 

Linville,  a  township  of  Mitchell  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  347. 

Linville,  a  hamlet  of  Matagorda  co.,  Tex.     Pop.  40. 

Linville,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Valley  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  32  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Staunton.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  200. 

Linville  Cove,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.,  N.C. 

Linville  River,  North  Carolina,  rises  in  the  Blue 
Ridge,  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Burke  co.,  runs  nearly  south- 
ward, and  enters  the  Catawba  River  about  8  miles  W.  of 
Morgantown.  The  scenery  on  its  banks  is  very  picturesque, 
and  is  diversified  with  high  precipices. 

Linville's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Burke  co.,  N.C. 

Lin'wood,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Renfrew,  3] 
miles  W.  of  Paisley.    Pop.  1250. 


LTN 


1662 


MP 


Lin'wood,  a  po<t-hamlet  of  Pike  oo.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Coneouh  River,  ana  on  the  Mobile  A  Uirard  Railroad,  73 
ttile*  S.W.  of  Columbus,  Qa.     It  haa  a  ohuroh. 

Linwuod,  a  uost-htimlot  of  Jeflorson  co.,  Ark.,  on  the 
Little  R»ck,  Mt«si8«i{)pi  River  &,  To.xa«  Railroad,  13  miles 
S.G.  of  Pino  ISIufT,  ami  li  miles  S.  of  the  Arkansas  Rivor. 
It  has  a  ohuroh  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Lin  wood «  a  post-office  of  Las  Animas  oo.,  Col. 

Linwood,  a  village  of  Tippooanoo  co.,  Ind.,  in  Fair- 
field to\Tnship,  adjacent  to  the  city  of  Lafayette.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  barrels.  P»p.  548.  Hero 
are  2  cemeteries,  nnmod  Ureenbush  and  Springvalo. 

Linwoodf  or  Lo'ring,  a  post-villago  of  Leavenworth 
00.,  Kansas,  in  Sherman  tovrnshi]),  on  the  Kuns^is  Rivor,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Stranger,  and  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 11  miles  £.  of  Lanrronoo.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
lumber-mill. 

Liuwoodf  a  post-offlce  and  station  of  Carroll  oo.,  Md., 
on  the  Western  Maryland  Railroad,  43  miles  N.W.  of  lial- 
timoro. 

liinwood)  a  post-office  of  Anoka  co.,  Minn. 

Ijinwood,  Osage  co.,  Missouri.     See  Li.nnwood. 

Liiiw'ood,  a  post-hamlct  of  Butler  co.,  Neb.,  about  60 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Omaha,  and  2  miles  S.  of  the  Platto. 

Linwoodf  a  post-hamlet  of  Davidson  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  10  miles  N.£.  of  Salisbury. 
It  has  a  church. 

liiuwood,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  in  Spen- 
cer township,  on  the  Little  Miami  Railroad,  7  milos  N.E. 
of  CincinniUi.  It  has  2  churches,  a  manufactory  of  hamos, 
and  iron-works.     Pop.  in  I8UI),  K'U!. 

Linwood,  formerly  Mar'ciis  Hook,  a  post-village 
of  Dc!;iware  co.,  Pu.,  in  Lower  Chiciiester  township,  on  the 
Deliiwnre  River,  ond  on  the  Philudelphi.a,  Wilmington  & 
Baltimore  Railroad,  IS  miles  S.W.  of  Pbil:iilelphiu.  It  has 
a  cotton-factory  and  2  or  3  churches.  The  name  of  its 
post-office  is  Linwood  Station. 

liinwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradley  co.,  Tenn.,  4  miles 
from  Chatata  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Linwood,  a  township  of  Portage  co.,  Wis.,  about  3 
miles  S.W.  of  Stevens  Point.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Wis- 
consin River.     Pop.  443. 

Ijin'wood,  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  oo.,  Ontario,  18 
miles  from  Berlin.  It  contains  a  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  a 
flax-mill,  4  stores,  and  2  hotels.     Pop.  200. 

Liinwood  Station,  Delaware  co.,  Pa.    See  LixwooD. 

liinz,  a  city,  capital  of  Upper  Austria.    See  Lintz. 

Xiione,  the  Italian  name  of  Lyons. 

Itionfortc,  a  town  of  Sicily.    See  Leonforte. 

Lions,  Gulf  of.    Seo  Gulp  op  Lyons. 

Li'onviilc,  a  post-village  in  Uwchlan  township,  Chester 
CO.,  Pa.,  2i  miles  from  Lionville  Station,  which  is  on  the 
Pickering  Valley  Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Phcenixvillo. 
The  village  is  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  West  Chester.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Liorna,  a  city  of  Italy.     See  LEcnonN. 

Lioubuchcvo,  a  town  of  Russia.     Seo  Lyoodasiieto. 

Lioubctch,  a  town  of  Russia.    Seo  Lyoodgtch. 

Lioubim,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Lyoobim. 

Lioutsiu,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Lyootsi.v. 

Lipau,  le-pin',  a  post-village  of  Hood  co.,  Tex.,  18 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Granbury.     It  has  2  churches. 

Lipan  Indians,  a  largo  and  warlike  tribe  in  the  W. 
part  of  Texas  and  E.  part  of  Mexico. 

Lipari,  lip'^-re  or  lee'pi-re  (anc.  Lip'ara),  an  island  in 
the  Mediterranean,  about  25  miles  N.  of  Sicily.  Lat.  38° 
30'  N. ;  Ion.  14°  55'  E.  It  is  the  largest  and  most  central 
island  of  the  Lipari  group,  being  30  miles  in  circuit,  and 
produces  large  qu.antities  of  grapes,  figs,  olives,  currants,  and 
wine,  and  some  corn.  It  is  the  great  magazine  for  pumice- 
stone,  sent  hence  to  all  parts  of  the  world ;  and  sulphur, 
nitre,  sal-ammoniac,  soda,  capers,  and  fish  are  important 
articles  of  export.     Pop.  13,235. 

Lipari,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  E.  coast. of  the  above 
isl.-ind,  on  a  steep  acclivity,  and  tolerably  well  built.  The 
most  conspicuous  object  is  the  castle,  built  by  Charles  V., 
which  crowns  a  vast  volcanic  mass  overhanging  the  town, 
and  contains  several  public  edifices  within  its  enclosure,  the 
principal  of  which  is  the  cathedral.  Lipari  likewise  pos- 
sesses a  oolicgo,  an  episcopal  palace,  several  convents,  and  a 
hospital.  The  bay  immediately  beneath  the  town  is  about 
2  miles  in  circuit,  and  has  good  anchorage,  but  the  shelter, 
from  want  of  a  mole,  is  insecure.  A  considerable  trade, 
however,  is  carried  on  in  the  different  products  of  the  island. 
The  town  h.os  fine  remains  of  antiquity.  Lipari  is  the  cap- 
ital of  the  whole  group,  and  the  see  of  a  bishop.     P.  12,020. 

Lipari  Islands  (anc.  uEo'lia  or  Yulca'nite  In'tuUe),  a 


group  of  voloanio  islands  in  the  Mediterranean,  named  frdm 
Lipari,  the  principal  island,  between  lat.  38°  2U'  and  ;.• 
65'  N.  and  Ion.  14°  15'  and  15°  15'  E.,  from  15  to  30  mii, . 
from  the  N.  coast  of  Sicily,  and  eom])ri8ed  in  the  intonJoncv 
of  Messina.  The  7  principal  islands  are  Lipari,  Vulcaiiii 
Stromboli,  Salini,  Panaria,  Felicudi,  and  Alicudi.  All  are 
mountainous  and  volcanic,  Stromboli  and  N'ulcano  hnvinir 
active  volcanoes.  Climate  healthy,  and  soil  highly  fcrtiU 
where  duly  irrigated  by  water  carefully  preserved  in  ci«< 
terns.     Pop.  1(I,".)27. 

Lipau,  lee'pdw,  Lippau,  lip'pSw,  or  Lipow,  lee', 
pov,  a  town  of  Moravia,  12  miles  from  Ilrodisub,  on  the 
Wioliczka.     Pop.  1080. 

Lipcse,  lip'chd\  or  Lipcsa,  lip'ch&',  a  villnge  of 
Hungary,  00.  of  Marmaros,  on  the  Nagy-Ag,  31  milos  N.W 
of  S/.igeth.     Pop.  1535. 

Lipcse,  Ncmcth,  Hungary.    See  NKMRTn-Lipote, 

Lipes,  or  Lipcz,  leo')>6s,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  dojMirt- 
mcnt  and  162  miles  S.W.  of  Potosi. 

Lipetsk,  or  Lipet/k,  lo-pdtsk',  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  84  miles  W.  of  Tambov,  on  the  Voronexh. 
Pop.  14,213.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths,  and 
woll-frequentod  mineral  baths. 

Lipnicza,  lip^nit'soh',  Ai.so,  cirsho',  and  Fki.so*,  fSl». 
sho',  two  villages  of  North  Hungary,  co.  of  Arva,  44  miltt 
N.W.  of  Kosmark,  on  the  Schwarz.  Pop.  of  Also  Lipnicza, 
1980;  of  Felso  Lipnicza,  1430. 

Lipnik,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Leipxik. 

Lipnitz,  or  Gross  Lipnitz,  groco  li]>'niu,  a  towB 
of  Bohemia,  24  miles  S.  of  Cx.oslau.     Pop.  1400. 

Lipno,  lip'no,  a  town  of  Poland,  province  and  32  iniloi 
N.W.  of  Plock,  on  the  Niemen.     Pop.  5463. 

Lipovetz,  or  Lipowez,  lo-po-v6ts'  (Polish,  IJpouUe, 
le-po'vc-4ts),  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  102  mllei 
S.W.  of  Kiev.     Pop.  6710. 

Lipow,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Lipau. 

Lippa,  lip'poh\  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Tcmcs,  on 
the  Maros,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Tcmosvar.  Pop.  7008,  mostly 
employed  in  agriculture  and  in  oattle-brcetling. 

liippan,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Lipau. 

Lippe,  lip'peh,  a  river  of  Germany,  rises  in  the  S.\7. 
of  the  principality  of  Lippe,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Lippspring, 
flows  mostly  W.  through  Prussian  Westphalia  and  Rhenish 
Prussia,  and  joins  the  Rhine  at  AVcscl.     Length,  110  miles. 

Lippe,  or,  less  correctly,  Lippe-Dctmold,  lip'peh.* 
dit'molt,  a  principality  of  N.W.  Germany,  the  chief  part 
of  which  is  comprised  between  the  Prussian  provinces  of 
Hesse-Nassau,  Westphalia,  and  Hanover,  and  the  princi* 
pality  of  Waldeck ;  but  3  enclaves  are  within  the  limits  of 
Westphalia.  Capital,  Detmold.  Area,  438  squ.aro  railes< 
Surface  hilly,  partly  covered  by  the  Teutoburger-Wald, 
where  Arminius  exterminated  the  legions  of  Varus.  Th« 
Ems  and  the  Lippe  have  their  sources  here.  Some  por- 
tions are  remarkably  fertile.  Mineral  products,  salt,  Iime« 
iron,  and  marblo.  Chief  towns,  Detmold,  Lemgo,  and  Horn. 
The  government  is  nominally  constitutional,  but  is  pnu>< 
tically  in  the  hands  of  the  prince.  Pop.  in  1885,  123,250 
mostly  Protestants. 

Lippehne,  lip-pi'n^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Branden- 
burg, 48  miles  N.N.E.  of  Frankfort.     Pop.  3503. 

Lippe-Scliaumburg,  or  Lippe- Schancnbnrff* 
See  SciiAUJiBURG-Lu'PE. 

Lip'pincott,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co..  Pa. 

Lippincott,  York  co.,  Ontario.    See  Bkocktox. 

Lippincott's,  a  station  in  Champaign  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Cincinnati,  Sandusky  &  Cleveland  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of 
Bellefontaine. 

Lip'pitt,  a  village  in  Warwick  township,  Kent  co.,  R.Lj 
on  the  Pawtuxot  Valley  Railroad,  1  mile  N.  of  River  Point. 
It  has  manufactures  of  cotton  goods.  It  is  adjacent  to 
Phenix  and  Clyde  Works. 

Lippspring,  lip'spning,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  West- 
phalia, 35  miles  S.S.W.  of  Minden,  near  the  source  of  the 
Lippe.     Pop.  2163. 

Lippstadt,  lip'stitt,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westph.ilia, 
23  miles  N.N.E.  of  Arnsberg,  on  the  Lippe.  Pop.  8  KIT. 
It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  is  well  built.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  woollens,  linen,  starch,  leather,  and  iron-wares. 

Lipscomb,  lips'kum,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  angle  of  the 
Panhandle  of  Texas,  having  Oklahoma  Territory  on  the  N. 
and  E.  Area,  900  square  miles.  Capital,  Lipscomb.  Pop. 
in  1880,  69;  in  1890,  632. 

Lipsia,  the  Latin  name  of  Leipsic. 

Lipsk,  leepsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  on  the  Bober,  22  miles 
W.  of  Grodno.     Pop.  181.3. 

Lipso,  lip'so  (ane.  Lep'aia),  a  small  island  off  the  coast 
of  Asia  Minor,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Patmos. 


LIP 


1663 


MS' 


Liptan,  lip'tow,  or  Lip'to,  a  county  of  Hungary,  form- 
'iig  the  upper  part  of  the  valley  of  the  Waag,  bounded  N.  by 
aiTlicia  and  the  county  of  Arva.     Area,  868  square  miles, 
papital,  Szent  Miklos.     Pop.  79,273. 
i  liiquentia,  the  ancient  name  of  Livenza. 

Lire,  lec'ri',  a  village  of  France,  in  Maine-et-Loire, 
12  miles  N.W.  of  Beauprfiau.     Pop.  419. 
I  liiria,  leo're-i  (anc.  Edeta,  or  Laurona  ?),  a  town  of 
tpain,  province  and  18  miles  N.W.  of  Valencia.     Pop.  8920. 
't  has  a  handsome  modern  church,  and  manufactures  of 
leather,  linens,  soap,  and  earthenware. 
!  Ijiris,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Garigliano. 
'  Lisadel,  li-sa-del',  or  Ford'wich,  a  post-village  in 
lluron  CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  Maitland  River,  near  Lisadel 
Hution  on  the  Toronto,  Grey  <fc  Bruce  Railway,  7  miles  W. 
jf  Ilarriston,     It  has  4  churches,  2  saw-mills,  a  grist-mill, 
i,  good  limestone-quarry,  and  5  stores.     Pop.  200. 
I  Lisaine,  Ice'zin',  or  Lusine,  lii^zeen',  a  stream  of 
j'ranae,  in  Ilaute-Saone,  joins  the  Savoureuse  and  Allaine 

1)r  Hallo)  at  Montbeliard.  It  gives  name  to  the  battle  of 
anuary  15,  16,  and  17,  1871,  between  the  French  and  the 
ormans. 

I  Lisbon,  Hz'b^n  (Port,  and  Sp.  Liahoa,  liz-bo'i  or  lees- 
io'i;  Fr.  ii'sioHiie,  lees'bonn' ;  It.  Zi"»a6oHn,  le-si-bo'ni ; 
)ler.  Lisaahon,  lis'si-bon;  anc.  Olia'ipo),  a  city,  capital  of 
|lie  kingdom  of  Portugal  and  of  the  province  of  Estrema- 
jura,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Tagus,  near  its  mouth  in  the 
Mlantic  Ocean.  Lat.  of  observatory,  38°  42'  4"  N. ;  Ion. 
°  8'  2"  W.  Mean  temperature  of  the  year,  61.3°;  winter, 
2.4°;  summer,  70.9°.  Climate  healthy,  but  variable;  ox- 
osed  to  heavy  rains  and  cold  winds  in  winter.  It  is  built 
n  a  succession  of  hills  rising  from  the  quays  in  the  form  of 
n  amphitheatre,  and  exhibits  a  great  variety  of  churches, 
onvents,  and  houses,  which  have  an  imposing  effect  when 
iowed  from  the  river.  The  lengtli  of  the  city  in  a  straight 
line  is  about  3i  miles ;  while  the  breadth,  from  S.  to  N.,  or 
torn  the  Tagus  inland,  is  from  1  to  IJ  miies.  The  whole 
if  this  space,  however,  is  not  densely  covered  with  build- 
jngs ;  considerable  portions  of  it  being  occup'nd  by  gardens, 
uins,  and  the  declivities  of  the  hills.  The  streets  ia  gen- 
jral,  and  more  especially  in  the  E.,  which  is  the  oldest  por- 
lon  of  the  city,  are  steep,  narrow,  crooked,  and  ill  paved ; 
nd  the  houses,  with  the  exception  of  a  neat  and  substan- 
ial  building  here  and  there,  are  old-fashioned  and  mean, 
[hat  part  of  the  town,  however,  which  h.as  been  rebuilt 
ince  the  great  earthquake  in  1755,  and  which  is  situated 
p  the  valley  between  Castle-hill,  on  the  E.,  and  the  hills 
If  Siin  Francisco  and  Do  Carmo,  on  the  W.,  consists  of  sev- 
u-al  parallel  streets,  crossed  by  others  at  right  angles,  and 
B  regular,  well  built,  and  clean.  Of  these.  Gold,  Silver, 
nd  Cloth  streets  extend  about  half  a  mile  N.  and  S.,  having 
)»  their  S.  extremity  the  Prafa  do  Commercio,  a  large  and 
^andsome  square,  surrounded  on  three  sides  by  the  naval 
irsenal,  the  exchange,  custom-house,  India  house,  and  other 
liublio  buildings,  and  having  the  Tagus  on  the  S.,  with  an 
jquestrian  statue  of  Joseph  I.  in  bronze  in  the  centre.  At 
|he  N.  extremity  of  these  streets  are  the  Praja  de  Figueira, 
\  square  of  a  remarkably  picturesque  appearance,  used  as 
\  public  market,  and  a  handsome  square,  called  the  Rocio, 
jontaining  a  magnificent  national  theatre.  Other  open 
|)aces  and  squares  worthy  of  notice  are  the  Passeio  Pub- 
lico, or  promenade,  which,  although  small,  is  elegantly  laid 
ut,  the  Praja  das  Amorciras,  containing  a  largo  reservoir 
pr  supplying  the  different  fountains  of  the  city  with  water, 
md  the  Praga  de  Algeria,  in  which  a  sort  of  rag  fair  is  held. 
pe  W.  quarter,  built  along  the  slope  of  the  W.  hill,  is  airy 
Ind  pleasant,  and  contains  numerous  dwellings,  occupied 
|y  foreigners,  with  vineyards  and  gardens  well  stocked 
pith  olive,  orange,  and  other  trees.  The  city  contains  sev- 
fral  royal  palaces. 

I  Excepting  the  castle  of  St.  George,  remarkable  for  the 
(eauty  of  its  situation,  the  only  other  noteworthy  buildings 
kcsides  those  already  adverted  to  are  churches  and  con- 
cnts.  The  principal  of  the  former  are  the  cathedral  or 
patriarchal  church,  on  the  slope  of  the  Castle-hill;  the 
hurch  do  Corajao  do  Jesus,  on  the  hill  of  Estrella;  the 
hurch  of  the  Martyrs,  erected  on  the  spot  where  Alphonso 
k  mounted  the  walls  of  the  city  and  rescued  it  from  the 
Hoors ;  the  handsome  church  of  Santa  Engracia ;  and  the 
rhurch  of  San  Roque.  The  numerous  convents  which 
frown  the  hills,  and  appear  like  palaces  and  fortresses,  are 
or  the  most  part  massive  and  imposing  structures.  The 
lalace  of  Necessidades,  in  which  the  meetings  of  the  Cortes 
Ire  held,  has  a  respectable  appearance,  and  the  theatre  of 
tian  Carlos,  or  Italian  opera-house,  is  a  large  and  handsome 
difice.  One  of  the  greatest  works  of  the  kind  either  in 
paoient  or  in  modern  times  is  the  aqueduct  which  conveys 


water  to  the  city  from  springs  rising  near  the  village  of 
Bellas,  about  lOJ  miles  distant. 

The  scientific  and  literary  institutions  comprise  the  royal 
academy  of  sciences,  college  of  the  nobles,  royal  marina 
academy,  or  school  of  navigation  and  ship-building,  with 
its  observatory,  royal  academy  of  artillery  and  engineers, 
royal  military  college,  school  of  music,  national  library, 
in  Praga  do  Commercio,  containing  about  150,000  volumes, 
and  that  of  the  Cortes  in  the  Necessidades,  of  about  30,000 
volumes,  the  royal  schools  of  Vicente  de  Fora,  for  instruc- 
tion in  philosophy,  geometry,  physics,  and  the  ancient  lan- 
guages, normal  schools,  a  lyceum,  polytechnic  school,  medi- 
cal school,  industrial  schools,  fine-art  school,  royal  school 
of  drawing  and  civil  architecture,  and  numerous  primary 
or  elementary  schools.  The  buildings  belonging  to  some 
of  these  institutions  are  spacious. 

Lisbon  is  admirably  situated  for  commerce.  The  harbor 
is  one  of  the  finest  in  the  world,  and  the  quays,  which  ex- 
tend between  2  and  3  miles  along  the  bank  of  the  river,  are 
elegant  and  commodious.  Farther  up  the  river,  and  form- 
ing a  W.  suburb  to  Lisbon,  a  short  distance  beyond  the 
Alcantara,  stands  the  town  of  Belem,  with  its  well-known 
tower,  one  of  the  defences  of  tho  harbor.  The  commerce 
of  Lisbon  is  extensive,  and  has  been  much  facilitated  by 
the  construction  of  railways,  which  connect  it  with  the 
chief  towns  of  Portugal  and  Spain.  The  exports  consist 
chiefly  of  wine,  oil,  fruit,  and  salt,  and  the  principal  im- 
ports are  hemp,  flax,  corn,  silk,  linen,  cotton,  and  woollen 
cloths,  iron,  steel,  hardware,  dried  fish,  ale,  porter,  and  coals. 
The  domestic  manufactures  are  silk,  paper,  soap,  cottons, 
and  woollens.  There  are  also  sugar-refineries  and  potteries. 
The  goldsmiths  and  jewellers  are  highly  esteemed.  The 
government  has  also  manufactories  of  artillery,  small-arms, 
and  ammunition.   Lisbon  is  the  seat  of  a  Catholic  patriarch. 

Lisbon  was  anciently  called  OUaipo  or  Ulyaipo,  some  say 
on  account  of  its  foundation  being  ascribed  to  Ulysses. 
Felicitaa  Julia  was  its  name  under  the  Romans.  It  was 
captured  by  tho  Moors  in  716,  and  remained  in  their  posses- 
sion till  1145.  In  1755  it  was  visited  by  an  earthquake, 
which  threw  down  a  considerable  portion  of  the  city  and 
destroyed  about  60,000  of  its  inhabitants.  Of  this  calamity 
traces  are  still  visible.  It  was  taken  by  the  French  in  1807, 
but  resisted  an  attack  by  Massena  in  1809.  The  popula- 
tion is  very  mixed,  containing  natives  from  every  province 
of  Portugal,  negroes,  mulattoes,  and  Gallegos,  or  natives  of 
Galicia.  Pop.  (including  Belem  and  Olivaos)  in  1864, 
208,376;  in  1878,253,496. 

Lisbon,  liz'b9n,  a  post-oflSce  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ala. 

Lisbon,  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  Ark.,  22  miles  S. 
by  E.  of  Camden.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 

Lisbon,  a  hamlet  of  Placer  co.,  Cal.,  14  miles  N.E.  of 
Auburn. 

Lisbon,  a  township  of  New  London  co..  Conn.  Pop. 
502.     It  contains  Newent  and  Blissville. 

Lisbon,  a  hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Savannah 
River,  17  miles  N.N.E.  of  AVashington. 

Lisbon,  a  post-village  of  Kendall  co..  III.,  on  the  W. 
boundary  of  Lisbon  township,  and  partly  in  Big  Grove 
township,  9  miles  N.  of  Morris,  and  about  24  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Aurora.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  farm- 
ing-implements, wagons,  and  harness,  and  a  graded  school. 
Pop.  of  Lisbon  township  in  1890,  1112. 

Lisbon,  a  post-village  of  Noble  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Grand 
Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad,  25  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Fort 
Wayne.     It  has  about  30  houses.     Pop.  142. 

Lisbon,  a  post-village  in  Franklin  township,  Linn  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  17  miles 
E.  of  Cedar  Rapids.  It  has  a  national  bank,  a  money- 
order  post-office,  a  newspaper  office,  and  5  churches. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1079. 

Lisbon,  a  post-office  of  Chautauqua  co.,  Kansas. 

Lisbon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Claiborne  parish.  La.,  about 
55  miles  W.N.W.  of  Monroe.     It  has  2  churches. 

Lisbon,  a  post-village  in  Lisbon  township,  Androscog- 
gin CO.,  Me.,  on  tho  Androscoggin  division  of  the  Maine 
Central  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Lewiston,  and  about  32 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Portland.  It  has  2  churches,  2  cotton- 
mills,  a  high  school,  a  money-order  post-office,  and  a  manu- 
factory of  repellants.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  S. 
by  the  Androscoggin  River,  and  contains  also  a  village  named 
Lisbon  Falls.     Total  pop.  in  1890,  3120. 

Lisbon,  a  post-village  of  Howard  co.,  Md.,  about  27 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  2  churches  and  an 
academy.     Pop.  about  150. 

Lisbon,  a  post- village  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich.,  in  Chester 
and  Sparta  townships,  about  14  miles  N.N.W.  of  Grand 
Rapids.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  union  school.     Pop.  250. 


LIS 


1664 


LIS 


Lisbon,  a  post-tonrnship  of  Yellow  Medicine  oo.,  Minn., 
13  milos  W.S.W.  of  Gninilc  Falls.     Pop.  243. 

liinbuii,  ft  post-hainlct  of  llowftrd  oo.,  Mo.,  on  or  near 
the  Missouri  Rivor,  10  milos  bolow  Glasgoir.  It  has  2 
obnrctiM. 

Lisbon,  a  post-vilbgo  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  in  Lisbon 
township,  on  the  Mink  llivor,  and  on  the  Boston,  Concoi-d 
<fc  Montreul  Railroad,  103  milos  N.  by  W.  of  Concord.  It 
has  a  money-order  post-office,  several  churclies,  a  grist-rail  I, 
and  ninnufaoturcs  of  bobbins,  carriagcp,  shoe-pegs,  boxes, 
und  excelsior.     Pop.  about  900;  of  the  township,  1844. 

Lisbon,  a  post-township  of  St.  Lawrenoo  co.,  N.Y.,  is 
about  6  miles  E.  of  Ogdensburg,  and  is  bounded  on  the 
N.W.  by  the  St.  Lawrence  River.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Ogdensburg  A  Lake  Champlain  Railroad,  and  contains  vil- 
lages named  Lisbon  Centre  and  Rod  Mills.     Pop.  4211. 

Lisbon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sampson  co.,  N.C.,  in  Lisbon 
township,  on  Block  River,  20  mites  W.  of  Magnolia.  It 
has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  rosin  und  turpentine. 
Pop.  75;  of  the  township,  1389. 

Lisbon,  a  hamlet  of  Darlington  co.,  S.C,  7  miles  W.  of 
Timmonsville.     It  has  a  church. 

Lisbon,  a  post-office  of  Dallas  co.,  Tex. 

Lisbon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  co.,  Ya.,  2^  miles 
from  Buford's  Gap  Station. 

Lisbon,  a  township  of  Juneau  co.,  Wis.  Pop.  614, 
exclusive  of  New  Lisbon  village. 

Lisbon,  a  township  of  Waukesha  oo..  Wis.  Pop.  1421. 
It  contains  Sussex,  Laman's  Springs,  and  Lake  Five. 

Lisbon,  a  post-village  in  Perth  co.,  Ontario,  7  milos 
N.W.  of  Baden.     Pop.  100. 

Lisbon  Centre,  a  post-village  of  St.  Lawrence  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Lisbon  township,  on  the  Ogdensburg  A  Lake 
Champlain  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of  Ogdensburg.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  steam  flour-mill,  a  steam  saw-mill,  &c.  The 
products  of  rich  dairy-farms  are  shipped  here. 

Lisbon  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Lisbon  township,  An- 
droscoggin CO.,  Me.,  on  the  Androscoggin  River,  and  on  a 
branch  of  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Lew- 
iston.  It  has  a  woollen-mill,  several  saw-mills,  a  tannery, 
and  2  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  1585. 

Lisbonville,  liz'b9n-vil,  a  post-office  of  Ray  co..  Mo. 

Lis'burn,  a  borough  of  Ireland,  cos.  of  Down  and  An- 
trim, on  the  Lagan,  6i  miles  S.S.W.  of  Belfast  by  railway. 
It  has  a  spacious  cathedral  church  for  the  diocese  of  Down 
and  Connor,  a  court-house,  an  infirmary,  a  hospital,  a  free 
school,  workhouse,  linen-ball,  market-house,  and  assembly- 
rooms,  with  thriving  manufactures  of  linen.  A  canal  from 
Lough  Neagh  here  joins  the  Lagan,  by  which  goods  are  con- 
veyed to  Belfast.  The  borough  sends  one  member  to  the 
House  of  Commons.     Pop.  9326. 

Lisburn,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co..  Pa.,  on 
Yellow  Breeches  Creek,  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ilarrisburg.  It 
has  a  church,  an  iron-forge  or  furnace,  and  a  flour-mill. 
Pop.  about  400. 

Liisca>Biauca,  lis'kl-be-ln'kl,  an  islet  of  the  Medi- 
terranean, Lipari  group,  E.  of  Panaria. 

Lisca-Nera,  lis'kA-nA'ri,  or  Tilanavi,  to-li-nl'- 
vee,  an  islet  of  the  Mediterranean,  Lipari  group,  E.  of 
Panaria. 

Liscan'or,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Clare,  on  the  N. 
eido  of  Liscanor  Bay,  5  miles  W.  of  Ennistymon. 

Lischau,  lish'dw,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  7  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Budweis.     Pop.  2360. 

Lischnicz,  lish'nitch,  or  Lissnitz,  liss'nits,  a  village 
of  Bohemia,  20  miles  from  Koniggratz,  on  the  AVild  Adier. 

Liscia,  lee'shi,  a  town  of  Italy,  12  miles  S.W.  of  II 
V.osto.     Pop.  1605. 

Liscomb,  lis'kura,  a  post-village  in  Liscomb  township, 
Marshall  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Iowa  River,  and  on  the  Central 
Railroad  of  Iowa,  at  the  crossing  of  the  Farmers'  Union 
Railroad,  13  miles  N.N.W.  of  Marshalltown,  and  14  miles  S. 
of  ElUora.  It  has  a  church,  a  banking-house,  a  drug-store, 
and  a  wagon-shop.     Pop.  in  1890,  313  ;  of  township,  980. 

Liscomb  Harbor,  a  hamlet  of  Guysborough  co.. 
Nova  Scotia,  on  the  sea,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Sherbrooke. 

Li'sha's  Kill,  a  post-hamlct  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Watervlict  township,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Albany,  and  1  mile 
from  the  New  York  Central  Railroad.     It  has  3  churches. 

Lisianka,  le-sc-ln'ki,  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  80  miles  S.S.E.  of  Kiev.     Pop.  2580. 

Lisiansky,  le-se-ln'skeo,  a  small  low  coral  island  of 
the  Pacitic  Ocean.     Lat.  26°  3'  N. ;  Ion.  173°  42'  W. 

Lisieux,  leo^zo-i;h'  (ano.  A'eoin'ar/ns,  or  Lexo'viiim),  a 
town  of  France,  in  Calvados,  on  the  Touques,  34  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Caen.  It  is  beautifully  situated  between  two 
gorges  forming  the  entrance  into  a  rich  and  fertile  valley, 


and  is  sarrounded  by  villas  and  gardens.  The  houses,  thou 
lofly,  are  of  wood,  ond  have  generally  a  decayed,  glooi 
look  ;  while  the  streets  are  mostly  narrow  and  winding,  i. 
has  0,  cathedral,  a  fine  Gothic  edifice  of  the  twelfth  century  i 
a  handsome  episcopal  palace,  and  a  theatre.    The  manu- ' 
fftcturea  are  muslin,  broadcloth,  flannel,  linen,  hiiir-cl(.!' 
ribbons,  and  weaving-combs.      It  has  also   10  tanner; 
cotton-,  paper-,  and  fulling-milLs,  bleach-fields,  dye-worl 
and   a   trade   in   grain,    fruit,    eider,    hemp,    flax,   callle 
<fcc.     Lisieux  is  the  seat  of  courts  of  first  resort  and  com- 
mercc,  a  consulting  chamber  of  manufactures,  and  a  cnir 
munal  college.     It  was  taken  and  almost  completely  .i 
stroyed  in  the  fourth  century  by  the  Saxons,  who  einplov 
the  materials  of  the  old  in  founding  a  new  town.    Four 
centuries  after  it  was  taken  and  pillaged  by  the  Normans, 
who  afterwards  kept  possession.    It  was  subscijuently  taken 
by  Philip  Augustus  in  1203;  by  the  English  in  1415;  by 
Charles  VII.  of  France  in  1448;  by  the  Leaguers  in  1571  • 
and  lastly,  by  Henry  IV.  of  France  in  1588.     During  these 
events  the  Bishop  of  Lisieux  took  the  title  of  prince  and 
assumed  the  temporal  j)owcr.     Pop.  18,396. 

Liskeard,  lis-kard',  or  Lcskcard,  a  borough  of 
England,  co.  of  Cornwall,  on  the  Looe,  16  miles  by  rail 
W.N.W.  of  Plymouth.  It  is  irregularly  built  on  a  rocky 
site,  and  has  a  largo  Gothic  church,  a  town  hall,  a  national 
school,  a  branch  bank,  and  a  traffic  in  the  produce  of  tin-, 
copper-,  and  lead-mines.  It  returns  one  member  to  th« 
House  of  Commons.     Pop.  4700. 

Lisko,  lis'ko,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  8  miles  S.B. 
of  Sanok,  on  the  San.     Pop.  2730. 

Lisle,  leel,  a  town  of  France,  in  Dordogne,  on  the 
Dronne,  10  miles  N.W.  of  P6rigueux,     Pop.  1235. 

Lisle,  a  city  of  France.    See  Lille. 

Lisle,  lile,  a  post-village  of  Du  Pago  co..  111.,  in  Lisle 
township,  near  the  East  Branch  of  Du  Page  River,  and  on 
the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  14  miles  E.  by 
N.  of  Aurora,  and  25  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  of  the  townshij),  1270. 

Lisle,  a  post-village  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Lisle  town, 
ship,  in  a  beautiful  valley,  on  the  Tioghnioga  River,  and  on 
the  Syracuse,  Binghamton  &  New  Y^ork  Railroad,  23  mild 
N.  of  Binghamton.  It  has  an  academy,  2  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  manufactures  of  furniture,  lumber,  rifles, 
and  shot-guns.     Pop.  about  450;  of  the  township,  2445. 

L'Isle-en-Dodon,  Ieel-5x"-doM6s<'',  a  town  of 
France,  in  llaute-Garonno,  on  a  small  island  of  the  Save, 
20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Saint-Gaudens.     Pop.  1922. 

L'Islet,  leeM.\',  a  county  of  Quebec,  extending  from  the 
St.  Lawrence  on  the  N.W.  to  the  state  of  Maine  on  the 
S.E,  Area,  795  square  miles.  Capital,  St,  Jean  Port  JolL 
Pop.  1.3,517. 

L'Islet,  a  post-village  in  L'Islet  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  S. 
shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Rail- 
way, 63  miles  below  Quebec.  It  contains  a  church,  7  stores, 
and  a  ship-yard,  and  has  a  large  lumber-trade.    Pop.  1000. 

L'Islet  Forges,  a  village  in  Champlain  co.,  Quebec, 
on  the  river  St.  Maurice,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Three  Rivers. 
It  contains  a  saw-mill  and  a  foundry,  where  stoves  arc  man- 
ufactured from  iron  ore  found  in  an  adjacent  bog.  Pop.  150, 

Lismore,  liz-mor',  an  island  ofi"  the  W,  coast  of  Scot- 
land, CO,  of  Argyle,  at  the  entrance  of  Loch  Linnhe,  7  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Oban.  Area,  about  8000  acres.  Pop.  720.  It 
has  rcm.ains  of  a  castle  and  of  a  cathedral,  the  chancel  of 
which  latter  is  now  the  parish  church, 

Lismore,  a  town  of  Ireland,  cos.  of  Waterford  and 
Cork,  111  miles  S.S.W.  of  Dublin.  It  possesses  one  of  the 
finest  baronial  castles  in  Ireland;  a  cathedral,  with  elegant 
interior ;  a  grammar-  and  other  schools,  almshouses,  a  work- 
house, hospitals,  and  court-house.  There  is  but  little  trade 
beyond  that  of  a  salmon-fishery,  though  a  canal  has  been 
carried  thence  to  the  Blackwater.     Pop.  1946. 

Lis'more,  a  post-office  of  Concordia  parish,  La. 

Lis'more,  a  hamlet  in  Pictou  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on 
Northumberland  Strait,  24  miles  from  New  Glasgow. 

Lisuaskea,  lis^nsis-ki',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Fer- 
managh, 10  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Enniskillen.    Pop.  857. 

Lisonzo,  a  river  of  Austria.    See  Iso.vzo. 

Lispitz,  lis'pits,  or  Bliskowice,  blis-ko-<i-ect'si,  a 
town  of  Moravia,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Znaym.     Pop.  1200. 

Lissa,  lis'si  (Slavic,  Vis  ;  L.  h'sa),  an  island  of  D_al- 
matia,  in  the  Adriatic,  33  miles  S.W.  of  Spalato.  Chief 
products,  wine,  oil,  almonds,  and  anchovies.  The  princi- 
pal town,  Lissa  or  San  Giorgio,  has  a  good  h.arbor.  It  is 
built  in  the  form  of  an  amphitheatre.     Pop.  2820. 

Lissa,  lis'sd  (Polish,  Leszno,  Idsh'no),  a  town  of  Prus- 
sia, province  and  42  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Posen.  Pop. 
11,069.    It  is  mostly  built  of  wood,  and  has  a  castle,  a  boll- 


LIS 


1665 


LIT 


foundry,  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths,  leather,  linen,  and 
tobacco,  and  a  trade  in  wine  and  rabbit-skins. 

Jjisstibon,  the  German  name  of  Lisbon. 

Lisse,  lis's?h,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  South 
Holland,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Amsterdam.     Pop.  1994. 

LisscAveghe,  leesS'aig',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Flanders,  6  miles  N.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  1200. 

liissitz,  lis'sits,  a  town  of  Moravia,  18  miles  N.N.W.  of 
BrUnn.    Pop.  1370. 

liissnitz,  a  village  of  Bohemia.    See  Lischsicz, 

Lissone,  lis-so'n:\,  a  village  of  Itilly,  in  Lombardy, 
N.W.  of  Monza.     Pop.  4598. 
Xissiis,  the  ancient  name  of  Alessio. 

Lis'ton,  a  township  of  Woodbury  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  142. 

Lis'tonburg)  a  post-office  of  Somerset  co.,  Pa. 

Listow'cl,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kerry,  on  the 
Feale,  16i  miles  N.N.E.  of  Traleo.     Pop.  2199. 

ListOW'elI»  a  village  in  Perth  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  East 
Branch  of  the  Maitland  River,  and  on  the  Wellington,  Grey 
&  Bruce  Railwaj',  9  miles  S.W.  of  Palmerston.  It  has  a 
branch  bank,  saw-,  grist-,  flax-,  and  woollen-mills,  brew- 
ery, foundry,  tannery,  cabinet-factory,  Ac.,  about  20  stores, 
3  hotels,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  976, 

Listruc,  lees'trik',  a  village  of  France,  in  Gironde,  20 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  1352. 

liisza,  lis'soh',  a  village  of  Hungary,  23  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Trentschin.     Pop.  1949. 

Itiszn,  a  village  of  Transylvania.    See  Le.sza. 
,  LiszUa-Olaszi)  liss'k3h^-oM3.s'see',  a  town  of  Hun- 
gary, CO.  and  22  miles  S.W.  of  Zemplin,  on  the  Bodrog. 
Pop.  2368. 

Liszkofalva,  liss'ko'^forvoh*,  or  Liszkova,  lis'ko'- 
v8h',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Liptau,  on  the  Waag,  2 
miles  from  Rosenberg.     Pop.  1475. 

Lit'akcr,  a  township  of  Rowan  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1508. 
.  Litakou,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Lattakoo. 

Litang,  a  town  of  Thibet.    See  Lithasg. 

Litany,  or  El  Litany,  fil  lee'ti'nce,  or  Liettani, 
le-4t-ti'nce  (anc.  Lcon'tes),  a  river  of  Palestine,  rises  near 
Baalbec,  flows  between  Lebanon  and  Anti-Libanus,  and 
enters  the  Mediterranean  6  miles  N.  of  Tyre.  Near  its 
mouth  it  is  called  El  Kasimeeyeh  (or  El  Kasimiyeh). 

Litch'am,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Norfolk,  7  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Swaffham.     Pop.  of  parish,  854. 

Litchfield,  a  town  of  England.    See  Lichfield. 

Litch'iield,  the  most  northwestern  county  of  Connec- 
ticut, borders   on   Massachusetts   and   New  York.     Area, 
about  948  square  miles.     It  is  intersected  by  the  Housa- 
tonic  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Farmington  and 
Naugatuck  Rivers.    The  surface  is  hilly,  and  is  extensively 
[  covered  with  forests.    The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.    Hay,  but- 
jter,  checsp,  tobacco,  cattle,  oats,  and  Indian  corn  are  the 
j  staple  products.    It  is  liberally  supplied  with  water-power, 
land  has  extensive  manufactures  of  various  articles.     It  is 
[intersected  by  the  Ilousatonic  Railroad,   the  New  York, 
New  JIavcn  &  Hartford  Railroad,  and  the  Central  New 
England  &  Western  Railroad.     It  is  also  partly  traversed 
by  the  Shepaug,  Litchfield  <fc  Northern  Railroad.    Capital, 
Litchfield.    Pop.  in  1870,  48,727  ;  in  1880,  52,044;  in  1890, 
53,542. 

Litchfield,  a  beautiful  post-village,  capital  of  Litch- 
field CO.,  Conn.,  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  30  miles 
W.  of  Hartford,  and  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Waterbury.  It 
is  the  northern  terminus  of  the  Shepaug,  Litchfield  <fc 
Northern  Railroad,  and  is  3  or  4  miles  W.  of  Litchfield 
Station  of  the  Naugatuck  division  of  the  New  York,  New 
Haven  &  Hartford  Railroad.  It  is  surrounded  by  beautiful 
scenery,  and  commands  a  view  of  Bantam  Lake.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house,  3  or  4  churehes,  a  national  bank,  a 
private  asylum  for  the  insane,  and  2  newspaper  offices. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1058.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  the  Naugatuck  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Shepaug 
River.  Nickel  is  found  here.  Pop.  of  the  township,  3304. 
.Litchfield,  a  city  of  Montgomery  co..  111.,  on  the  In- 
dianapolis <fe  St.  Louis  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Wabash 
Railro.'ul,  60  miles  S.W.  of  Decatur,  50  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Louis, 
Mo.,  and  about  45  miles  S.  of  Springfield.  It  is  situated 
on  a  fertile,  undulating  prairie,  and  is  the  most  populous 
town  in  the  county.  It  contains  7  churches,  a  high  school, 
an  Ursulino  convent  and  academy,  a  Catholic  hospital,  2 
newspaper  offices,  2  banking  houses,  2  steam  flouring-mills, 
several  grain-elevators,  and  workshops  of  the  Indianapolis 
A  St.  Louis  Railroad.     Pop.  in  1890,  5811. 

Litchfield,  Kentucky.    Sec  Leitchfield, 
..  Litchfield,  a  post-township  of  Kennebec  CO.,  Me.,  about 
40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Portland.     Pop.  1506.     It  oontains  vil- 
lages named  Litchfield  Corners  and  Litchfield  Plains,  and 


has  a  miinufactory  of  forks  and  hoes.    Litchfield  Post-Office 
is  12  miles  S.W.  of  Augusta. 

Litchfield,  a  post-village  in  Litchfield  township,  Hills- 
dale  CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  St.  Joseph  River,  53  miles  S.  by  AV. 
of  Lansing,  and  12  miles  N.W.  of  Hillsdale.  It  contains 
a  bank,  a  union  school,  3  churches,  a  newsptipcr  office,  2 
flour-mills,  a  planing-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  It  is  on  the 
Lansing  division  of  the  Michigan  Southern  Kailroad.  Pop. 
in  1890,  601;  of  the  township,  1714. 

Litchfield,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Meeker  co.,  Minn., 
in  Litchfield  township,  on  the  St.  Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad, 
78  miles  W.  of  St.  Paul.  It  is  situated  in  a  fertile,  undu- 
lating country,  diversified  with  numerous  small  lakes.  It 
has  a  bank,  5  churches,  a  grain-elevator,  a  brewery,  a  flour- 
mill,  a  tannery,  and  an  emigrant-house.  Several  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1899. 

Litchfield,  a  hamlet  in  Litchfield  township,  Hills- 
borough CO.,  N.II.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Merrimuc  River, 
7  miles  N.  of  Nashua,  opposite  Thornton's  Ferry.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  345. 

Litchfield,  a  post-hamlet  in  Litchfield  township,  Her- 
kimer CO.,  N.Y.,  about  10  miles  S.E.  of  Utica.  It  has  a 
church.  The  township  has  7  churches,  and  manufactures 
of  cheese  and  lime.  The  dairy-businBSS  is  the  principal 
interest  here.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1250. 

Litchfield,  a  post-village  in  Litchfield  township,  Me- 
dina CO.,  0.,  about  30  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cleveland.  The 
township  has  3  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  pop.  of  860. 

Litchfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  in 
Litchfield  township,  5  miles  E.  of  Athens.  It  has  2 
churches  and  2  stores.     Pop.  about  75. 

Litchfield,  a  post-township  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  on  tho 
Susquehanna  River,  about  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Elmira,  N.Y. 
Its  staple  products  are  wheat,  oats,  corn,  and  butter.  Pop. 
1256.     It  contains  a  hamlet  named  Litchfield. 

Litchfield  Corners,  a  post-village  in  Litchfield  town- 
ship, Kennebec  co..  Mo.,  about  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Augusta. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Litchfield  Plains,  a  post-hamlet  in  Litchfield  town- 
ship, ICcnnebcc  co..  Me.,  about  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Augusta. 

Lit'church,  a  S.E.  suburb  of  the  town  of  Derby,  Eng- 
land, within  the  parliamentary  borough.     Pop.  11,093. 

Li'ter,  or  Li'terberry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co., 
111.,  on  the  Peoria,  Pekin  &  Jacksonville  Railroad,  8  miles 
N.  of  Jacksonville.  It  has  2  churches.  Tho  name  of  its 
post-office  is  Liter, 

Literna  Palus,  the  ancient  name  of  Patuia. 

Lith,  lit,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North  Bra- 
bant, 9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bois-le-Duc,  on  the  Meuse. 

Lithada,  a  cape  of  Greece.     See  Cape  Lithada. 

Lithang,  Ice't'hdng',  or  Litang,  leeUing',  a  town  of 
Thibet,  47  miles  W.  of  the  confines  of  the  Chinese  province 
of  Se-Chuen.  Lat.  30°  2'  N.;  Ion.  99°  50'  E.  It  is  built 
on  the  sides  of  a  hill  rising  in  an  extensive  but  barren 
plain.  It  has  2  large  lamaseries,  in  one  of  which  is  a  press 
for  printing  books,  and  a  trade  in  gold-dust,  chaplcts  of 
black  beads,  and  bowls  formed  from  the  roots  of  the  vine 
and  the  box-tree. 

Lith'crland,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  6 
miles  N.  of  Liverpool.     Pop.  2214. 

Lith'gow,  a  post-village  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  20 
miles  N.E.  of  Poughkeepsie.     It  has  2  churches. 

Litho'nia,  iv  post- village  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Georgia  Railroad,  24  miles  E.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  4  or  5 
churches  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  1182. 

Lith^op'olis,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.,  in 
Bloom  township,  about  16  miles  S.E.  of  Columbus,  and  2 
miles  S.  of  Winchester  Station  on  the  Columbas  &  Hocking 
Valley  Railroad.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  and  man- 
ufactures of  furniture  and  monuments.     Pop.  in  1890,  369. 

Lithuania,  lith-u-i'ne-a  (Polish,  XiVtoa,  lit'<*ft;  Ger 
Littaueii,  or  Lithauen,  Vit-tovi'^D.;  Fr.  Lithuanie,  Ice'tU^l'- 
nee'),  an  ancient  territory  of  Europe,  formerly  bounded  N. 
by  Courland,  E.  by  Russia,  S.  by  Pol.and,  and  W.  by  Prus- 
sia. This  territory,  which  in  the  eleventh  century  was 
tributary  to  Russia,  threw  off  the  yoke  in  the  thirteenth 
century  and  became  a  grand  duchy.  One  of  its  sovereigns, 
called  Jagellon,  by  marrying  the  Polish  princess  Hedwig. 
in  the  fourteenth  century,  became  King  of  Poland,  and 
thus  united  the  grand  duchy  to  that  kingdom.  On  tho 
first  partition  of  Poland,  in  1773,  a  considerable  portion 
of  Lithuania  was  appropriated  by  Russia  and  formed  into 
the  governments  of  Moheelov  and  Vitebsk.  By  the  subse- 
quent partitions  of  Poland,  in  1793  and  1795,  Russia  ob- 
tained as  much  of  Lithuania  as  formed  the  governments  of 
Wilna,  Grodno,  and  Minsk,  while  Prussia  obtained  a  por- 
tion now  included  in  the  government  of  Gumbinnen,  Eaat 


1.IT 


T86<J 


LIT 


Prossla.  Lltbnania  is  ^nerally  a  level  country,  nith  much 
funny  litnJ,  huittli,  and  t'oriMt.  lU  pei)i>lo  in  part  spoak  tho 
Litkuaniiin  lunKuugo,  one  uf  a  remarkable  group  oallod 

iho  Lettio  tongues. Adj.  and  inhab.  Lituuaiiian,  litb- 

B-4'n9-i^n. 

I<itiu«  or  Litinskf  a  toirn  of  Ilussia.    See  LrrrN. 

liitily  Ht'its,  a  poet-burough  in  Warwick  township, 
L»neaster  oo..  Pa.,  on  tlie  Heading  &  Cuiumbia  Railroad, 
27  uilcs  S.U'.  of  Ruiiding.  It  hna  scvoral  boarding-schools 
and  seminaries,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  oBice,  2  hotels,  3 
ohurohos,  and  manufactures  of  beer,  flour,  coaches,  ma- 
chinery, cigars,  ifco.     Pop.  in  1890,  1494. 

Litornio,  Austria.     See  KOstrnland. 

liitry^  a  town  of  Franco.     See  Littuv. 

LittaUf  lit'tOw  (Moravian,  Littoiele,  lit-tov'li),  a  town 
of  Moravia,  10  miles  by  mil  N.W.  of  Olmutz.  Fop.  3127, 
mostly  ungogod  in  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  paper, 
muslin,  and  hosiery. 

Ijittauen,  or  Lithuanie.    See  Lithuania. 

LitUermorc',  or  IietUcrmorc't  an  inland  off  the 
W.  coast  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Galwny,  in  Kilkerran  Bay. 

LitHcrninI'lin,  an  island  of  Ireland,  co.  and  27  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Galway,  is  about  1  mile  long. 

Little  Arichat,  iVe'shAt',  a  maritime  town  of  Nova 
Scotia,  on  Islu  Madaino,  a  short  distance  W.  of  Arichat.  It 
has  beds  of  coal,  and  is  several  miles  in  length.     Pop.  ICOO. 

Little  Arknii'sus  llivcr,  of  Kansas,  runs  southeast- 
ward through  Rico  and  Mcl'herson  cos.,  and  enters  tho 
Arkansas  River  in  Sedgwick  co.  at  Wichita.  It  is  about 
126  milos  lung. 

Lit'tle  Bar'rcn,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  Tenn. 

Little  Basses,  Indian  Ocean.     See  Basses. 

Little  Bay,  a  fishing  settlement  on  La  Poile  Bay, 
Newfoundland,  2  miles  from  La  Poile.     Pop.  114. 

Little  Bay,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  Prince  Edward 
Island,  42  miles  from  Charlottctown. 

Little  Bay,  a  fishing  hamlet  on  the  W.  side  of  Pla- 
centia  Bay,  Newfoundland,  5  miles  from  Burin.    Pop.  130. 

Little  Bay  Island,  an  island  and  fishing  settlement 
in  the  district  of  Twillingate  and  Fogo,  Newfoundland,  at 
the  entrance  to  Hall's  Bay,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Tilt  Cove. 
Pop.  250. 

Little  Bays,  two  fishing  hamlets  in  Newfoundland,  5^ 
miles  from  Harbor  Briton.     Pop.  125. 

Little  Bear,  a  post-office  of  Laramie  co.,  Wyoming. 

Little  Beaver,  beo'v?r,  post-office,  Douglas  co..  Mo. 

Little  Beaver,  a  townsnip  of  Lawrence  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Ohio  line.     Pop.  1072.     It  contains  Enon  Valley. 

Little  Beaver  Biver,  Ohio,  rises  in  Mahoning  co., 
runs  southeastward  through  Columbiana  co.,  and  enters  the 
Ohio  River  2  miles  above  East  Liverpool. 

Little  Becskerek,  Hungary.    See  Kis-Becskehek. 

Little  Belt.     See  Belts,  Great  and  Little. 

Little  Ber'ger,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gasconade  co.,  Mo., 
about  6  miles  S.E.  of  Hermann. 

Little  Black,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ripley  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Little  Black  River,  about  70  miles  S.  of  Ironton. 

Little  Black  River,  Kansas,  rises  in  Republic  co., 
runs  E.  into  Washington  co.,  and  enters  Little  Blue  River. 

Little  Black  River,  Missouri,  drains  part  of  Ripley 
00.,  runs  southwestward,  and  enters  the  Current  River  in 
Rivndolph  CO.,  Ark, 

Little  Blue,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  816. 

Little  Blue,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Mo.,  on  tho 
Little  Blue  River,  and  on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  17 
miles  S.E.  of  Kansas  City.  There  is  also  a  Little  Blue 
Station  on  tho  Wyandotte,  Kansas  City  &  Northwestern 
Railroad,  17  miles  E.  of  Kansas  City. 

Little  Blue,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
Little  Blue  River,  13  miles  S.  of  Juniata. 

Little  Blue  River,  Indiana,  rises  in  Rush  co.,  runs 
•outhwestwnrd,  and  enters  the  Big  Blue  at  Sholbyville. 

Little  Blue  River,  Missouri,  intersects  Jackson  co., 
runs  in  a  N.N.E.  direction,  and  enters  the  Missouri. 

Little  Blue  River,  Nebraska,  rises  in  the  S.  part  of 
the  state,  and  runs  in  an  E.S.E.  direction.  It  intersects  the 
cos.  of  Adams,  Clay,  Thayer,  and  Jefferson,  from  the  last 
of  which  it  passes  into  the  state  of  Kansas.  It  enters  the 
Big  Blue  River  in  Marshall  co.,  about  1  mile  above  Blue 
Roiiids.     It  is  nearly  200  miles  long. 

Little  Bow  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co., 
N.Y.,  3  miles  from  Gouverneur.     It  has  a  cheese-factory. 

Little  Bras  d'Or,  bri'dor,  a  strait  of  Cape  Breton 
Island,  communicating  at  the  N.E.  end  with  the  sea,  and 
on  the  S.W.  with  the  Bras  d'Or.  It  is  separated  from  the 
main  entrance  to  the  Bras  d'Or  by  Boularderie  Island. 


Little  Bras  d'Or,  a  nost-village  in  Cape  Breton  oo.. 
Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Little  Bras  d'Or,  4  miles  from  Sydney     i 
Mines,  and  20  miles  from  Baddeck.     It  cuutuins  3  storo*. 
Steamers  plying  on  Brns  d'Or  Lake  call  hero.     Pop,  200. 

Little  Bra'xoN,  Texas,  a  small  stream  which  inter, 
sects  Robertson  co.,  running  parallel  with  the  Bruzua  lU\-er, 
which  it  enters  about  6  miles  S.W.  of  Bryan. 

Little  Brew'ster  Island,  at  the  N.  side  of  tb«aa> 
trance  to  Boston  harbor,  Mass.     It  contains  a  rcvolflog     i 
light,  82  feet  above  tho  level  of  the  sea.    LaU  42°  lU'  ip> 
N. ;  Ion.  70°  53'  IW  W. 

Little  Britain,  brit'^n,  a  post-township  in  the  S.part 
of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  about  20  inilea  S.S.E.  of  Lancaster 
It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  1586.     It  contains  Oak  Hill, 

Little  Britain,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co.,  Uiitarto, 
10  miles  S.W.  of  Lind.say.  It  contains  4  stores,  a  saw-mill, 
a  woullcn-mill,  a  flouriiig-mill,  &e.     Pop.  330. 

Little  Buctouche,  bukHoosh',  a  village  in  Konkoo., 
New  Brunswick,  2  miles  from  Buctouche.     Pop.  400. 

Little  Bush'kill  Creek,  of  Pennsylvania,  falls  into 
Bushkill  Creek  in  Pike  co. 

Little  Buttcs,  buts,  a  station  on  the  Denver  i  lUo 
Grande  Railruiul,  25  miles  N.  of  South  Pueblo,  Col. 

Lit'tleby,  a  post-hamlet  of  Audrain  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  tf  miles  N.E.  of  Mexico.  It  has 
a  churcli. 

Little  Cac'apon,  a  station  in  Hampshire  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  tho  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  34  miles  S.W.  of  Han- 
cock, Md.,  and  on  Little  Cacapon  River,  near  the  PotouuM. 

Little  Canada,  Minnesota.    See  New  Ca.sada. 

Little  Ca'ney,  a  township  of  Chautauqua  co.,  Kaniea. 
Pop.  448. 

Little  CarUmons',  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archi< 
polago,  in  the  Strait  of  Malacca,  near  Great  Carimuns. 

Little  Cashgar,  a  country  of  Asia.     See  Ciiitiuu 

Little  Catali'na,  a  fishing  hamlet  on  Trinity  Bay, 
Newfoundland,  3  miles  from  Catalina.     Pop.  270. 

Little  Catawba  River,  N.C.    See  Catawba. 

Little  Ce'dar,  a  post-hainlet  of  Mitciiell  co.,  Io\ra,oa 
Little  Cedar  River,  10  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Osage. 

Little  Cedar  River,  Iowa,  runs  southward  througb 
Mitchell  and  Floyd  cos.,  and  enters  the  Cedar  lliver  at 
Nashua,  Chickasaw  co. 

Little  Cha'zy  River,  of  Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  falls  int» 
Lake  Cimmplain. 

Little  Chuck'y,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  Tenn. 

Little  Chute,  shoot,  a  post-village  of  Outagamie  co.. 
Wis.,  on  Fox  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern 
Railroiid,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Appleton.  It  has  a  church.  Little 
Chute  Station  on  the  Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore  <t  Westet* 
Railroad  is  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river. 

Little  ClayMick',  a  post-office  of  Licking  co.,  0. 

Lit'tle  Clear'field  Creek,  of  Pennsylvania,  falls 
into  Clearfield  Creek  in  Clearfield  co. 

Little  Coal  River,  West  Virginia,  runs  northward 
through  Boone  co.,  and  enters  tho  Coal  lliver  in  Kanawha 
CO.,  about  6  miles  S.  of  St.  Albans. 

Little  Cobb,  a  post-office  of  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn. 

Little  Co'co  Island,  an  island  in  the  Bay  of  Bengal, 
lies  about  9  miles  S.W.  of  the  Great  Coco.  Lat.  (centre) 
13°  58'  30"  N.     The  island  is  about  2i  miles  long. 

Little  Cokar'ie,  township,  Sampson  co.,  N.C.   P.  1235. 

Little  Comp'ton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Compton  township, 
Carroll  co..  Mo.,  1  mile  W.  of  Grand  River,  and  about  l(i 
miles  N.W.  of  Brunswick.  Tho  township  has  5  churches. 
Coal  abounds  here. 

Little  Compton,  a  post-township  of  Newport  co.,  R.I., 
is  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  about  7  miles  E.  of  Newport.  It 
is  the  S.E.  extremity  of  the  state.  It  has  a  fertile  soil,  and 
a  valuable  fishery  at  Seaoonnet  Point.     Pop.  1150. 

Little  Coo'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Pn., 
about  13  miles  N.W.  of  Titusville.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
cheese-box  factory. 

Little  Cot'tonwood,  a  station  in  Salt  Lake  co., 
Utah,  on  the  Utah  Southern  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Salt 
Lake  City. 

Little  Cottonwood  River,  Minnesota,  runs  ncnrly 
eastward  through  Brown  co.,  and  enters  the  Minnesota 
River  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Blue  Earth  co. 

Little  Crab,  a  post-office  of  Fentress  co.,  Tenn. 

Little  Crab'tree,  township,  Yancey  co.,  N.C.     P.  4S.3. 

Little  Creek,  a  hundred  of  Kent  co.,  Del.,  bounded  E. 
by  Del.aware  Bay.     Pop.  1892. 

Little  Creek,  a  hundred  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  the  south- 
westernmost  in  the  state.     Pop.  3770.     It  contains  Laurel. 

Little  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Haralson  co.,  Ga. 

Little  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  Kv. 


LIT 


16G7 


LIT 


,  Little  Creek,  a  post-ofRce  of  Madison  co.,  N.C. 
j  Little  Creek  Land'ing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co., 
Del.,  on  Delaware  Bay,  4i  miles  E.  of  Dover.     It  has  a 
iurch  and  a  cannery. 

j  Little  Cumania,  Hungary.    See  Cumania. 
i  Little  Cuni'berland  Islands,  S.  side  of  the  en- 
hance to  Satilla  River,  Georgia.  '  Lat.  .30°  68'  30"  N. ;  Ion. 
61°  37'  W. 

I  Little  Cura^oa,  ku-ra-so'a,  a  small  island  in  the 
Caribbean  Sea,  about  6  miles  S.E.  of  Curajoa,  in  lat.  12° 

N.,  Ion.  6S°  38'  AV. 

Little  Cur'rent,  or  Shaftesbury,  shafts'b^r-re,  a 
lOSt-villago  of  Ontario,  on    Great   Manitoulin   Island,  in 

ake  Huron,  140  miles  N.W.  of  Collingwood.  It  is  a  land- 
n<'  of  the  mail-steamers,  contains  2  stores,  and  has  a  light- 
iio'use.  Lat.  45°  50'  30"  N. ;  Ion.  81°  47'  40"  W.  Pop.  150. 
I  Little  Cuyahoga  (ki-a-ho'ga)  Ilivcr,  Ohio,  joins 
[he  main  stream  in  Summit  co.,  near  Akron. 
i  Little  Cy'press,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  Ky.,  on 
ihe  Louisville,  Paducah  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  11  miles 
J.  of  Paducah. 

Little  Dar'by  Creek,  Ohio,  runs  southeastward 
hrough  Madison  co.,  and  enters  Darby  Creek  in  the  W. 
)aTt  of  Franklin  co. 

Little  Doe,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Tenn. 

liittic  Dutch,  a  post-office  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas. 

Little  Eau  Claire  (o-klair')  River,  a  small  stream 
(f  Marathon  co.,  Wis.,  flows  S.W.  into  the  Wisconsin  River. 

Little  Eegholm,  Denmark.    See  Ekgholm. 

Little  Egg  Har'bor,  a  township  of  Burlington  co., 
N.J.,  on  Groiit  Day  and  Little  Egg  Harbor  Bay.  Pop. 
1779.     It  contains  Tuekerton. 

Little  Egg  Harbor  Uay,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  New 
Jersey,  between  A'ew  Inlet  and  Barnegat  Bay.  Length, 
ibout  10  miles;  greatest  breadth,  34  or  4  miles. 

Little  Egg  Ilarbor  River,  of  New  Jersey,  is  formed' 
)y  several  small  branches,  which  unite  at  Pleasant  Mills. 
[I'ursuing  a  southeasterly  course,  it  forms  the  boundary  be- 
iween  Burlington  and  Atlantic  cos.,  and  flows  through 
Jreat  Bay  into  the  ocean.  It  is  navigable  by  schooners  25 
niles  from  its  mouth. 

Little  Elk,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benton  co.,  Oregon,  40 
niles  W.  of  Albany. 

Little  Elk'hart  Creek,  Indiana,  rises  in  La  Grange 
10.,  runs  N.AV.,  and  enters  the  St.  Joseph  River  at  Bristol. 

Little  Elm,  a  post-village  of  Denton  co.,  Tex.,  18  miles 
i7.  of  Piano,  and  about  35  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Dallas.  It 
lias  .1  churches  and  a  flouring-mill. 

1  Little  E'quinunk,  a  hamlet  of  Wayne  co..  Pa.,  on 
he  Delaware  River,  H  miles  from  Hankin's  Station.  It 
las  a  lumber-mill  and  a  tannery. 

Little  Ealls,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Morrison  co., 
Minn.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Alississippi  River,  and  on  the 
Isorthern  Pacific  Railroad,  nt  the  Junction  of  Little  Falls 
t  Dakota  Branch,  106  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Paul,  and  33  miles 
N.  of  St.  Cloud.  It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  a  graded  school, 
ind  several  churches.  Pop.  in  1880,  508;  in  1800,  2354. 
[  Little  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Little  Falls  township, 
Passaic  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Passaic  River,  the  Morris  Canal, 
he  Boonton  Branch  of  the  Morris  <S;  Essex  Railroad,  and 
[he  Montclair  <fc  Greenwood  Lake  Railroad,  4  miles  S.W.  of 
j^aterson.  It  has  water-power  and  some  manufactures, 
i^p.  of  the  township,  1282. 

Little  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
(loth  sides  of  the  Mohawk  River,  on  the  Erie  Canal,  and  on 
fho  New  York  Central  Railroad,  73i  miles  W.N.W.  of  Al- 
bany, and  21  i  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Utica.  The  river  here 
|>!usaes  through  a  narrow  rocky  gorge,  and  falls  about  44  feet 
in  the  course  of  two-thirds  of  a  mile,  aflording  abundant 
Iratcr-powor.  The  dwellings  are  built  on  steep  declivities, 
tommanding  a  view  of  picturesque  scenery.  Little  Falls 
lontains  8  churches,  a  bank,  2  or  3  newspaper  offices,  an 
academy,  a  cotton-factory,  2  paper-mills,  a  starch-factory,  2 
roollen-mills,  an  axe-factory,  2  knitting-mills,  a  foundry, 
iio.  The  village  is  mostly  in  Little  Falls  township,  but 
)artly  in  Mnnhcim.  Pop.  (1890)  8783  ;  of  township,  7512. 
i  Little  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  Washington, 
n  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  (Pacific  division),  about 
10  miles  N.  of  Kalama. 

Little  Falls,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Wis.  Pop. 
'13.    It  contains  the  village  of  Cataract. 

Little  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  AYis.,  on  Apple 
iivor,  6  miles  E.  of  Deer  Park  Station.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Little  Falls,  New  Brunswick.     See  Edmundston. 

Little  Ferry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  on 
he  Hackensack  River,  and  on  the  New  Jersey  Midland 
iailroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City.     It  L*s  a  brick-yard. 


Little  Flat,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bath  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Licking  River,  about  10  miles  S.E.  of  Carlisle  Station.  It 
has  a  church,  2  stores,  a  flour-mill,  <fcc. 

Little  Flat  Rock  Creek,  Indiana,  flows  into  the 
Flat  Rock  7  miles  N.W.  of  (Jreensburg. 

Little  Fo'go  Islands,  a  group  of  small  islands  6 
miles  N.  of  B'ogo  Island,  Newfoundland. 

Little  Forks,  Nova  Scotia.     See  Maccan  Inteuvale. 

Littlcfort,  Illinois.     See  Waukega.v. 

Little  France,  a  post-hnmlet  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y., 
about  5  miles  S.E.  of  Central  Square. 

Little  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carbon  co.,  Pa.,  about 
18  miles  N.  by  W.  of  AUentown. 

Little  Gen^esee',  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Genesee  township,  about  75  miles  W.  of  Elmira. 
It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  a  cheese-factory,  and  about  30 
houses. 

Little  Georgetown,  post-office,  Berkeley  co.,  W.  Va. 

Little  Glace  (glass)  Bay,  a  post-village  in  Ca])o 
Breton  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  sea-coast,  17  miles  E.  of 
Sydney.  Here  are  vast  beds  of  coal ;  300  hands  are  em- 
ployed in  the  mines  of  one  company.  It  has  a  Spanish 
and  an  American  consulate,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  400. 

Little  Glogau,  glo'gow,  or  Upper  Glogau,  a  town 
of  Prussian  Silesia,  23  miles  S.  of  Oppeln,  on  the  Uotzon- 
plotz.     Pop.  3700. 

Little  Grant,  a  post-township  of  Grant  co..  Wis., 
about  28  miles  N.N.W.  of  Dubuque,  Iowa.     Pop.  70S. 

Little  Green  Lake,  in  Marquette  co..  Wis.,  lies  about 
4  miles  S.  of  Green  Lake.  It  is  li  miles  long  and  1  mile 
wide.  Its  waters  are  deep  and  pure,  and  the  scenery  around 
is  picturesque.  On  the  N.  side  for  more  than  a  mile  the 
shore  is  composed  of  white  sandstone,  rising  in  some  places 
like  a  wall  70  or  80  feet  in  height. 

Little  Gun'powder,  post-office,  Baltimore  co.,  Md. 

Little  Guyandotte,  ghran-dott',  a  river  in  West 
Virginia,  fiills  into  the  Ohio  after  forming  part  of  the 
boundary  between  Mason  and  Cabell  cos. 

Littlehamp'ton,a  maritime  town  and  watering-place 
of  England,  co.  of  Sussex,  2  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Arundel. 
Rope-making  and  ship-building  are  carried  on,  and  there  ia 
an  iron-foundry.  The  harbor,  formed  by  the  Arun,  is  de- 
fended by  a  fort.     Pop.  3272. 

Little  Har'bor,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pictou  oo.,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  Northumberland  Strait,  8  miles  from  Now  Glas- 
gow. There  are  freestone-  and  millstono-quarries  in  the 
vicinity.     Pop.  200. 

Little  Ilarbor,  a  hamlet  in  Shelburne  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  sea-coast,  27  miles  from  Shelburne.     P.  1 50. 

Little  Harbor,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co..  Prince 
Edward  Island,  35  miles  from  Georgetown.     Pop.  200. 

Little  Hick'man,  a  post-office  of  Jessamine  co.,  Ky. 

LittI  e  Hockhock'ing  (or  Hock'ing),  a  post-hamlet 
of  Washington  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  Mari- 
etta &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  Belpre.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Little  Horn  River  rises  in  the  Big  Horn  Mountains 
in  the  N.  part  of  Wyoming,  runs  northward,  and  enters 
the  Big  Horn  in  Montana,  40  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Little  Horse  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Laramie  co., 
Wyoming. 

Little  Hum'boldt  River,  a  stream  of  Humboldt  co., 
Nov.,  flows  AV.  and  then  S.,  in  a  district  called  Paradise 
Valley,  and  joins  Humboldt  River  above  Winnemucca. 

Little  Indian,  in'de-an,  a  post-office  and  station  of 
Cass  CO.,  III.,  on  the  Peoria,  Pekin  &  Jacksonville  Railroad, 
11  miles  N.  of  Jacksonville. 

Little  Island,  an  island  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Cork,  in 
the  harbor,  4  miles  E.  of  the  city. 

Little  Java,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Bali. 

Little  Judique,  zhii^deek',  a  post-vill.age  in  Inverness 
CO.,  Cape  Breton  Island,  on  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  8 
miles  S.  of  Port  Hood.     Pop.  300. 

Little  Juniata,  Pennsylvania.    See  Juniata. 

Little  Kanawha  (ka-naw'wa)  River,  West  Vir- 
ginia, drains  part  of  Braxton  co.,  runs  westward  through 
Calhoun  co.  and  northwestward  through  Wirt  and  Wood 
COS.,  and  enters  the  Ohio  River  at  Parkersburg,  after  a  course 
of  about  150  miles.  It  traverses  a  fertile  country,  in  whxh 
bituminous  coal  atwunds. 

Little  Lake,  a  village  of  Mendocino  co.,  Cal.,  in  Little 
Lake  township,  60  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cloverdale.  It  has  a 
saw-mill  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  of  the  township,  946.  Hero 
is  Willits  Post-Office. 

Little  Lake,  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Louisiana,  between 
the  parishes  of  Jefferson  and  La  Fourche,  is  connected  by 
short  outlets  with  Barataria  Bay.     Length,  about  7  miles. 


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Little  Lake«  a  Btation  in  Marquette  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Cbioago  A  Northwestern  Itiiilroad,  41  uiiloa  N.  of  Kfcanaba. 
Here  are  extensive  luubor-,  shiiij^lo-,  and  lath-worl<8. 

Little  LakCf  a  post-ufhce  of  Monroe  co.,  Mich. 

Little  liUkc,  a  pust-oBioe  of  Adams  co.,  Wis. 

Little  LakeSf  a  hamlut  of  llerliiuior  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Warren  townshi)),  3  miles  from  Uiehtleld  Springs.  It  bos 
a  church.     Hero  is  Warren  Post-OOioe. 

Little  Lorain*  lo-riln',  or  Loruii,  a  post-haralct  in 
Cape  Ureton  oo..  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  sua-ooast,  31  uiilcs 
S.E.  of  Sydney.     Pop.  100. 

Little  Lotf  a  post-office  of  Iliclcman  co.,  Tenn. 

Lit'tle  Loy'alsock  Creek,  an  alUuent  of  Loyalsock 
Crook,  in  Sullivan  co..  Pa. 

Little  Mack'inaw,  a  township  of  Totewell  co.,  III. 
Pop.  126C.     It  contiiins  Minior. 

Little  MaMiauoy%  a  township  of  Northumberland 
CO.,  Pa.     Pon.  269. 

Little  Maho'ning  Creek  drains  the  N.  part  of  In- 
diana CO.,  Pa.,  runs  westward,  and  enters  Mahoning  Creek. 

Little  Marsh,  a  post-hamlot  of  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  about 
28  miles  S.W.  of  Corning,  N.Y. 

Little  Meadows,  mCd'Or,,  a  post-village  of  Susque- 
hanna CO.,  Pa.,  about  45  miles  N.N.W.  of  Scranton.     P.  133. 

Little  Mi^ani'i  River,  Ohio,  risoi  in  Clark  co.,  runs 
southwestward,  and  intersects  the  cos.  of  Greene  and  War- 
ren. Its  general  direction  is  S.S.W.  It  forms  part  of  the 
boundary  between  the  cos.  of  Clermont  and  Hamilton,  and 
enters  the  Ohio  River  about  8  miles  above  Cincinnati.  It 
is  nearly  140  miles  long. 

Little  Miquelon.    See  Langlet  Island. 

Little  Missouri  (mis-soo'r?)  River,  Arkansas,  runs 
southeastward  through  Pike  co.,  forms  the  boundary  be- 
tween Clarke  and  Nevada  cos.,  and  enters  the  Ouachita 
Hiver  about  16  miles  N.  of  Camden.     Length,  150  miles. 

Little  Missouri  River,  an  atSuent  of  the  Missouri, 
rises  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Wyoming,  runs  nearly  northward, 
touching  Montana  and  South  Dakota,  finally  traversing 
North  Dakota  in  a  northeasterly  direction,  and  entering 
the  Missouri  River  in  the  last-named  state  near  hit.  47° 
40'  N.  Its  length  is  estimated  at  450  miles.  Its  mouth  is 
1830  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Little  Mount,  a  post-hamlet  of  Spencer  co.,  Ky.,  12 
miles  S.  of  Shelbyville.  It  has  a  church  and  a  plough- 
factory. 

Little  Moun'tain,  Pennsylvania,  in  the  S.E.  part  of 
Columbia  co.,  S.  of  and  parallel  to  Catawissa  Mountain; 

Little  Mountain,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lake  co.,  0.,  about 

5  miles  S.  of  Painesville. 

Little  Mud'dy  Creek,  Illinois,  drains  part  of  Jeffer- 
son CO.,  runs  southward,  forms  the  boundary  between 
Franklin  and  Perry  cos.,  and  enters  the  Big  Muddy  about 

6  miles  N.E.  of  Carbondalo. 

Lit'tle  Mun'cy  Creek,  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.,  flows 
into  Muncy  Creek  a  few  miles  above  Pennsborough. 

Little  Muskingum  (mus-king'gum)  River,  Ohio, 
rises  in  Monroe  co.,  runs  southwestward  in  Washington  co., 
and  enters  the  Ohio  River  about  5  miles  above  Marietta. 

Little  Nar'rows,  a  post-hamlet  in  Victoria  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  St.  Patrick's  Channel,  on  Cape  Breton  Island,  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Whycocomah.     Pop.  150. 

Little  Neck,  a  post-village  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Flushing  township,  on  the  Flushing  &  North  Side  Rail- 
road, 5  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Flushing.  It  has  2  churches,  2 
stores,  and  2  carriage-shops. 

Little  Nemaha  (nem'a-haw)  River,  Nebraska,  rises 
near  the  E.  border  of  Lancaster  co.,  runs  southeastward 
through  the  cos.  of  Otoe  and  Nemaha,  and  enters  the  Mis- 
souri River  7  miles  S.  of  Brownville.    Length,  90  miles. 

Little  Niangua,  ni^an'gwa,  a  post-office  of  Camden 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Little  Niangua  River. 

Little  Niangua  River,  Missouri,  rises  in  Dallas  co., 
runs  northward  and  eastward,  and  enters  the  Niangua 
River  in  Camden  oo.,  about  5  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Little  Oak,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co.,  Ala.,  7i  miles 
S.W.  of  Troy.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  and  a  plough- 
factory. 

Little  Obion  (o'b^-on)  River,  Kentucky,  rises  in 
Graves  co.,  runs  northwestward  and  then  soutiiwcstward 
through  Hickman  co.,  and  enters  the  Mississippi  River  in 
Fulton  CO.,  about  5  miles  above  Hickman. 

Little  Ocmulgee  (ok-mfll'ghoe)  River,  Georgia, 
runs  S.E.  through  Dodge  co.,  forms  tlie  N.E.  boundary  of 
Telfair  co.,  and  enters  the  Ocmulgee  at  Lumber  City. 

Little  O'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  CO.,  Pa.,  in  Douglas 
township,  nearly  1  mile  from  Colebrookdale  Station,  and  7 
miles  N.  of  Pottstown.    It  has  several  mills. 


Little  O^sage',  a  post-village  of  Vernon  oo.,  Mo.,  w 
the  Little  Osage  River,  11  miles  N.  of  Nevada.  It  hul 
churches. 

Little  Osage  River  rises  in  Kansas,  and  runs  eait- 
ward  through  Bourbon  oo.  of  that  state,  from  which  it 
passes  into  Vernon  oo..  Mo.  It  enters  the  Ouago  Uivor  14 
miles  N.  by  E.  from  Nevaila.     Length,  UO  miles. 

Little  Ot'ter,  a  nost-office  of  Braxton  co.,  W.  Va. 

Little  Pubos,  pa'boce',  a  hamlut  of  Quebec,  Canada, 
on  the  (iulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  4  miles  E.  of  (Jrand  Pubot. 

Little  Paternosters.    See  Bxi.AnALAOA.s. 

Little  Pigeon  (pij'un)  Creek,  Indiana,  runs  soutlu 
westward,  forms  nearly  the  entire  boundary  between  tho 
cos.  of  Sj)cncer  and  ^Varrick,  and  enters  the  Ohio  River  in 
the  latter  county. 

Little  Pine  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  N.C. 

Little  Piney,  a  hamlet  of  Phelps  co..  Mo.,  I^  milci 
from  Jerome  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  churcli. 

Little  Pi'ney  Creek,  of  Pulaski  co..  Mo.,  entcrt  tho 
Gasconade  from  the  right. 

Little  Placcutia,  pla-sin'she-ij,,  a  post-town  on  on 
arm  of  Placentia  Bay,  Newfoundland,  5  miles  N.  of  Pla- 
centia.     Its  people  are  engaged  in  farming  and  fishing. 

Little  Plymouth,  plim'uth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kingand 
Queen  co.,  Va.,  7  miles  N.  of  West  Point.     It  has  a  church. 

Little  Point,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind. 

Little  Poolo  Laut  Islands.    Sec  Lauhot. 

Little  Port,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clayton  co.,  lowo,  on 
tho  Volga  River,  7  miles  S.  of  El  Kader,  and  on  tho  Turkey 
River  Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Clinton  &  Dubuque  Railroad, 
15  miles  W.  of  Turkey  River  Junction. 

Lit'tleport  Pen,  England,  co.  of  Cambridge,  com- 
prises about  28,000  acres,  and  is  drained  by  steam -enginci. 

Little  Pow'der  River  rises  in  Albany  co.,  Wyoming, 
runs  northward,  and  enters  the  Powder  River  in  Big  Iloni 
bo.,  Montana. 

Little  Prairie,  pra'rce,  a  post-office  of  Bartow  co.,  Ga. 

Little  Prairie,  atownship  of  Pemiscot  co.,  Mo.  P.4i/2. 

Little  Prairie,  a  post-hamlct  of  Walworth  co.,  \Vi»., 
in  Troy  township,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Eagle  Station,  and  about 
36  miles  W.S.W.  of  Milwaukee. 

Little  Prairie  Ronde,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co., 
Mich.,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Decatur.  It  has  a  ilour-mill,  a  saw. 
mill,  a  nursery,  and  a  tannery. 

Little  Rac^coon'  Creek,  Indiana,  runs  southwest- 
ward in  Parke  co.,  and  enters  Raccoon  Creek  about  10  milcf 
S.  of  Rockville. 

Little  Raisin  (rfi'z'n)  River,  a  stream  of  Michigan 
flows  into  the  Raisin  River  near  Dundee,  in  Monroe  co. 

Little  Rap'ids,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co.,  Wis. 

Little  Red,  a  post-office  of  White  co.,  Ark. 

Little  Red  River,  Arkansas,  is  formed  by  two 
branches,  which  unite  in  Van  Buren  co.  It  runs  south- 
eastward through  White  co.,  and  enters  the  White  River 
on  tho  boundary  between  White  and  W^oodruff  cos.  The 
main  stream  is  nearly  120  miles  long. 

Little  Rest,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  »boat 
15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Poughkeepsie.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
flour-mill. 

Little  Rhoe,  an  islet  of  the  Shetlands,  near  Rhoc. 

Little  Ridcau,  reMo',  a  post-village  in  Prescott  co., 
Ontario,  on  the  Long  Sault  Rapids,  Ottawa  River,  5  milei 
below  llawkosbury.     Pop.  200. 

Little  River,  Alabama,  runs  southwestward  in  Cher- 
okee CO.,  and  enters  Coosa  River  5  miles  N.E.  of  Centre, 

Little  River,  Alabama,  flows  into  Alabama  River  It 
the  S.W.  extremity  of  Monroe  co. 

Little  River,  Arkansas,  drains  part  of  the  Indian 
Territory,  runs  southeastward  into  Arkansas,  forms  the 
boundary  between  the  cos.  of  Little  River  and  Sevier,  nnd 
enters  the  Red  River  about  4  miles  above  Fulton  Station. 

Little  River,  Georgia,  runs  eastward  and  nortbciwt- 
ward,  drains  parts  of  Lincoln  and  Wilkes  cos.,  and  cnten 
the  Savannah  River  at  the  N.  extremity  of  Columbia  co. 

Little  River,  Lowndes  co.,Ga.,  a  small  stream  which 
flows  into  the  Withlacoochee  at  Troupville. 

Little  River,  Georgia,  an  affluent  of  the  Oconee,  ri»c« 
in  Morgan  co.,  and,  flowing  S.J).,  enters  the  latter  river 
about  10  miles  N.  of  Milledgeville. 

Little  River,  Indiana,  rises  in  Allen  co.,  runs  S.AV,, 
and  enters  tho  Wabash  River  2  miles  S.W.  of  Huntington. 

Little  River,  Kentucky,  rises  in  Christian  co.,  runs 
nearly  westward  in  Trigg  co.,  and  enters  the  Cumberland 
River  about  10  miles  AV.  of  Cadiz. 

Little  River,  Louisiana,  is  formed  by  the  Dugdemona 
River  and  Bayou  Castor,  which  unite  on  the  E.  border  of 
Winn  parish.    It  runs  southeastward  into  Catahoula  Lake, 


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irom  which  it  reissues,  and,  after  it  has  traversed  Catahoula 
ijarish,  enters  the  Ouachita  River. 

3  Little  River,  a  small  stream  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  joins 
he  Merrimac  at  Haverhill. 

Little  River,  North  Carolina,  rises  in  Moore  co.,  runs 
lastward  through  Cumberland  co.,  and  enters  the  Capo 
fear  River  on  the  S.  border  of  Harnett  co. 

Little  River,  North  Carolina,  an  affluent  of  Yadkin 
jlivcr,  rises  in  Randolph  co.,  and  enters  that  river  near  the 
r.W.  extremity  of  Richmond  co. 

Little  River,  North  Carolina,  rises  in  Wake  co.,  runs 
)utheastward  through  Johnston  co.,  and  enters  the  Neuse 
liver  in  Wayne  co.,  2  or  3  miles  W.  of  Goldsborough.  It  is 
bout  80  miles  long. 

Little  River,  South  Carolina,  runs  southward  through 
bbevillo  co.,  and  enters  the  Savannah  River  at  the  S. 
xtremity  of  that  county. 

Little  River,  South  Carolina,  rises  in  Chester  co.,  and 
ows  S.  through  Fairfield  into  Broad  River. 
Little  River,  South  Carolina,  rises  in  Laurens  co., 
nd  flows  S.E.  through  Newberry  co.  into  Saluda  River. 
Little  River,  East  Tennessee,  rises  at  the  base  of  the 
moky  Mountain,  in  Blount  co.,  and,  flowing  through  that 
ounty  in  a  W.N.W.  direction,  enters  the  Holston  River 
,bout  12  miles  S.W.  of  Knoxville. 

Little  River,  Texas,  is  formed  by  the  Leon  River  and 
jampasas  Creek,  which  unite  in  Bell  co.  It  runs  eastward 
hrough  Milam  co.,  and  enters  the  Brazos  R,iver  about  8 
ailes  S.W.  of  llearne. 

Little  River,  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Virginia,  is  a  small 
ifiluent  of  Goose  Creek,  in  Loudoun  co. 

Little  River,  a  southwestern  county  of  Arkansas,  bor- 
lers  on  Texas.  Area,  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
he  S.  by  Red  River,  and  on  the  N.E.  by  Little  River,  which 
inters  Red  River  at  the  E.  extremity  of  the  county.  The 
urfaoo  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fer- 
[ile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products, 
ft  is  intersected  by  the  Texarkana  &  Fort  Smith  Railroad. 
Capital,  Richmond.  This  county  was  formed  in  1867  of 
Darts  of  Hempstead  and  Sevier  cos.  Pop.  in  1870,  3236: 
n  1880,  6404;  in  1890,  8903. 

Little  River,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co,,  Ala.,  on 
jittle  River. 
Little  River,  a  post-office  of  Little  River  co..  Ark. 
Little  River,  a  post-village  of  Mendocino  co.,  Cal.,  on 
he  Pacific  Ocean,  70  miles  N.W.  of  Cloverdale.     It  has  a 
umber-mill  and  a  ship-yard.     Pop.  158. 
Little  River,  a  post-office  of  Middlesex  co..  Conn. 
Little  River,  a  post-office  of  Decatur  co.,  Iowa,  7  miles 
of  Leon. 

Little  River,  a  township  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas.     P.  195. 

Little  River,  a  post-office  of  New  Madrid  co.,  Mo.,  on 

he  Little  River  Valley  &  Arkansas  Railroad,  7  miles  S.W. 

if  New  Madrid. 

Little  River,  a  township  of  Pemiscot  co..  Mo.     P.  128. 

Little  River,  post-township,  Alcxandcrco.,N.C.  P.  635. 

Little  River,  a  township  of  Caldwell  co.,  N.C.     P.  888. 

Little  River,atownship,  Montgomery  CO.,  N.C.  P.  415. 

Little  River,  a  township  of  Orange  co.,  N.C.     P.  1553. 

Little  River,  township,  Transylvania  co.,  N.C.  P.  403, 

Little  River,  a  township  of  Wake  co.,  N.C.  Pop.  1315. 

f   Little  River,  a  township  of  Lawrence  CO.,  Pa.    P.  1072. 

I    Little  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Horry  co.,  S.C,  is  2 

Iniles  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  40  miles  S.  of  Whites- 

inlle,  N.C.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores.     Pop.  of  Little 

[.liver  township,  951. 

Little  River,  a  post-office  of  Floyd  co.,  Va. 
I  Little  River,  or  Saint  Fraii90is  Xavier,  85,n" 
fVis-'swi'  z4-ve-4',  a  village  in  Charlevoix  co.,  Quebec,  30 
niles  N.  of  St.  Thomas  East.     It  contains  a  church  and  a 
jrist-mill.     Pop.  175. 

Little  River  Acad'emy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumber- 
and  CO.,  N.C,  on  Little  River,  18  miles  N.  of  Fayetteville. 
[t  has  an  academy,  3  churches,  and  a  grist-mill. 
I    Little  River  Har'bor,  Maine,  E.  of  Machias  Bay. 
[Lat.  44°  33'  N. ;  Ion.  67°  6'  W. 

f  Little  Rocher,  ro^shair',  a  post-hamlet  in  Albert  co., 
tSTew  Brunswick,  on  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  12  miles  S.  of  Hope- 
[irell  Cape.     Pop.  250. 

Little  Rock,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Arkansas  and  of 
tl'ulaski  CO.,  is  situated  on  the  right  or  southern  bank  of  the 
iiA.rkansas  River,  about  280  miles  from  its  mouth,  Lat.  34° 
!12'  N. :  Ion.  92°  16'  W.  By  railroad  it  is  134  miles  W.  by 
5.  of  Memphis,  and  345  miles  S.S.W.  of  St.  Louis,  It  is 
bn  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  <fc  Southern  Railroad,  and 
s  a  terminus  of  the  following  ruilronds,  viz.,  the  Memphis 
t  Little  Rock,  the  Little  Rock  &  Fort  Smith,  the  Little 


Rock,  Mississippi  River  &  Texas,  and  the  Altheimer  Branch 
of  the  St.  Louis  Southwestern.     Little  Rock  is  the  most 

Eopulous  city  in  the  state,  and  is  pleasantly  situated  on  a 
igh  bank  or  rocky  bluff  which  commands  an  extensive 
view  and  is  the  first  high  land  that  touches  the  river  above 
its  mouth.  Large  steamboats  can  ascend  the  river  to  this 
place  during  8  months  in  each  year,  and  small  steamboats 
can  navigate  it  from  Little  Rock  to  Fort  Smith,  300  miles. 
This  city  is  the  seat  of  the  United  States  District  Court 
for  the  state,  and  contains  the  state-house,  the  slate  library, 
a  masonic  temple,  a  university,  a  medical  college,  6  liter- 
ary male  colleges,  2  female  colleges  (1  Catholic),  3  nntioual 
banks,  9  private  banks,  38  churches,  2  high  schools,  6 
public  schools,  and  98  manufacturing  plants.  The  peni- 
tentiary is  located  here,  as  is  also  the  state  lunatic  asylum, 
the  school  for  the  blind,  and  the  deaf-mute  institute.  The 
city  is  lighted  by  electricity,  has  water-works  with  4,000,000 
gallons  per  day  capacity,  22  miles  of  electric  street-railway, 
and  2  bridges  spanning  the  Arkansas  River.  It  is  the  seat 
of  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop,  who  presides  over  the  states 
of  Arkansas  and  Texas.  Several  daily  and  weekly  news- 
papers are  published  here.  Pop.  in  1860,  3727;  in  1870, 
12,380;  in  1880,  13,138;  in  1890,  25,874. 

Little  Rock,  a  post-village  in  Little  Rock  township, 
Kendall  co..  111.,  about  14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Aurora.    It  has 
a  church  and  2  cheese-factories. 
Little  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Saline  co..  Mo. 
Little  Rock,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  S.C,  22 
miles  N.  of  Marion.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Little  Rock  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Mitchell  co., 
N.C.     Pop.  397. 

Little  Rock  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hickman  co., 
Tenn.,  about  13  miles  S.AV.  of  White  BluflF  Station.  It  has 
a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Little  Russia,  that  part  of  Russia  lying  S,  of  Great 
Russia,  It  comprises  the  governments  of  Khtirkov,  Kiev, 
Poltava,  and  Chernigov.  Area,  80,226  square  miles.  The 
Little  Russian  language  (also  called  Malo-Russian)  is  sub- 
stantially identical  with  that  of  the  Russniaks  or  Ruthe- 
nians  of  Poland  and  Austria-Hungary.     Pop.  7,635,361. 

Little's,  lit'tl'z,  a  station  on  the  Boston,  Lowell  & 
Nashua  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Nashua,  N.H. 

Little  Sac  River  rises  in  Greene  co.,  Missouri,  runs 
northwestward  through  Polk  co.,  and  enters  the  Sac  lliver 
in  Cedar  co. 

Little  Saint  Joseph's  River,  of  Michigan,  rises  in 
Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.,  and,  passing  into  Ohio,  enters  the  St. 
Joseph's  River  of  the  Maumee. 

Little  Saint  Lawrence,  a  fishing  settlement,  with 
a  fine  harbor,  on  the  W.  side  of  Placcntia  Bay,  Newfound- 
land, 13  miles  S.W.  of  Burin. 
Little  Saline  Creek,  Missouri.    See  S.\line  Creek. 
Little  Salt  Creek,  of  Indiana,  enters  Salt  Creek  in 
the  S.E.  part  of  Monroe  co. 

Little  Sands,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co..  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  35  miles  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  150. 

Little  San'dusky,  a  post-village  in  Pitt  township, 
Wyandot  co.,  0.,  on  the  Sandusky  River,  2  miles  from 
Fowler  Railroad  Station,  and  about  28  miles  S.  of  Tiffin. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Little  San'dy,  a  post-office  of  Elliott  co.,  Ky. 
Little  Sandy  Creek,  a  small  stream  of  Oswego  co., 
N.Y.,  falls  into  the  E.  end  of  Lake  Ontario. 

Little  Satil'la  (or  Santilla)  River,  Georgia,  rises 
in  Appling  co.,  runs  southeastward,  and  enters  the  Satilla 
River  in  Wayne  co. 

Little  Sauk,  sawk,  a  post -hamlet  in  Little  Sauk  town- 
ship, Todd  CO.,  Minn.,  on  Sauk  River,  10  miles  N,  of  Sauk 
Centre,     Pop,  327. 

Little  Schuylkill  (skool'kll)  River,  Pennsylvania, 
rises  in  Schuylkill  co.,  runs  southward,  and  enters  the 
Schuylkill  River  at  Port  Clinton. 

Little  Scioto  (si-o'to)  River,  Ohio,  rises  in  Jackson 
CO.,  runs  southward  in  Scioto  co.,  and  enters  the  Ohio  River 
about  8  miles  above  Portsmouth. 

Little's  Corners,  a  hamlet  in  Ilayfield  township, 
Crawford  co..  Pa.,  4  miles  AV.  of  Saegerstown,  It  has  a 
church. 

Little  Sel'dom  Come-By,  a  fishing  hamlet  on  the 

S,  side  of  Fogo  Island,  Newfoundland,  7  miles  from  Fogo, 

Little  Sen'eca,a  station  on  the  Metropolitan  Branch 

of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  12  miles  N.W,  of  Rock- 

ville,  Md, 

Little  SeAv'el  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Greenbrier 
CO.,  AV.  Va. 

Little  Shemogue,  she-mog',  a  post-hamlet  in  West- 
moreland CO.,  New  Brunswick,  on  the  Little  Shemogue  River, 


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9  ntlos  N.  of  Bale  V«rt«.  It  hat  2  oharohM,  a  store,  5  nw- 
mills,  nnd  Scrtst-millB.     Pop.  400. 

Little  Slonx,  boo,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  oo.,  Iowa, 
on  tho  Miwouri  Kirer,  at  tho  mouth  of  the  Little  Sioux, 
about  44  iiiilos  N.  by  W.  of  Council  Bluffs.  It  is  in  Little 
Sioux  townnhip,  nnd  li  miles  from  tho  Sioux  City  <!;  Pocifio 
Railroad  (Kivor  Sioux  Station).  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  3  stores.     Pop.  about  300  ;  of  the  township,  780. 

Little  Sioux,  township,  Woodbury  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  57B. 

Little  Sioux  llivor,  Iowa,  rises  very  near  tho  N. 
border  of  tho  state,  and  drains  parts  of  Osceola  and  Clay 
oos.  It  runs  southwostward  through  tho  oos.  of  Cherokee 
and  Woodbury,  and  southward  through  Monona  co.,  and 
enters  the  Missouri  Riror  about  16  miles  S.  of  Onawa  City. 
It  is  nearly  300  miles  long.  Its  West  Fork  drains  part  of 
Plymouth  CO.,  runs  southward  through  Woodbury  oo.,  and 
enters  the  main  stream  about  6  miles  E.  of  Onawa  City. 

Little's  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Richmond  oo.,  N.C., 
about  65  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Charlotte.  It  has  3  churches 
and  a  high  sehool. 

Little's  Mills,  a  post-offico  of  Tyler  co.,  W.  Va. 

Little  So'dns  Bay,  an  inlet  extending  from  the  S. 
shore  of  Lake  Ontario  about  3i  miles  into  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y. 
It  receives  Little  Sodus  River. 

Little  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co..  Miss. 

Littlcstown,  lit't^lz-t^wn,  a  post-borough  of  Adams 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  tho  Conewago  Valley,  on  a  railroad  connecting 
it  with  Hanover  and  with  Frederick,  Md.,  10  miles  S.E.  of 
Gettysburg,  and  about  7  miles  S.W.  of  Hanover.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office,  a  savings-bank,  6  churches,  6  cigar-fac- 
tories, 5  coach-factories,  and  a  machine-shop.     Pop.  913. 

Little  Stur'geon,  a  small  post-hamlet  of  Door  co., 
Wis.,  on  Green  Bay,  about  15  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Oconto. 

Little  Suainico,  swam'?-ko,  a  post-villnge  and  town- 
ship of  Oconto  CO.,  AVis.,  on  the  Little  Suamico  River,  at 
its  entrance  into  Green  Bay,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  North- 
western Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of  the  city  of  Green  Bay. 
It  has  extensive  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  912. 

Little  Sugar  Loaf,  a  post-offico  of  Bladen  co.,  N.C., 
on  the  Capo  Fear  River. 

Littlesville,  lit't^lz-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Winston  co., 
All.,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Houston.     It  has  2  stores. 

Little  TaPlapoo'sa  River  rises  in  Carroll  co.,  Ga., 
runs  southwestward  in  Randolph  co.,  Ala.,  and  enters  the 
Tallapoosa  River  about  6  miles  W.  of  Wedowee. 

Little  Tan'cook,  an  island  in  Chester  Basin,  Lunen- 
burg CO.,  Nova  Scotia. 

Little  Ten^nessee'  River  rises  near  the  N.  border 
of  Georgia,  and  runs  northward  through  Macon  co.,  N.C. 
Turning  westward,  it  passes  into  East  Tennessee,  forms  the 
boundary  between  Blount  and  Monroe  cos.,  and  enters  tho 
llolston  River  about  7  miles  above  Loudon,  Tenn.  It  is  about 
150  miles  long. 

Little  Tex'as,  a  post-office  of  Morrison  eo.,  Minn. 

Little  Thibet,  a  state  of  Asia.     See  Bulti. 

Lit'tle  To'by's  Creek,  of  Elk  co..  Pa.,  is  an  affluent 
of  Clarion  River. 

Littleton,  lit't^l-ton,  a  post-village  of  Arapahoo  co.. 
Col.,  on  the  South  Platte  River,  and  on  the  Denver  &  Rio 
Grande  Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of  Denver.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  flouring-mlll. 

Littleton,  a  post-village  of  Schuyler  co.,  111.,  in  Lit- 
tleton township,  9  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Rushville,  and  about 
50  miles  E.N.E.  of  Quiney.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  brooms  and  pumps.     Pop.  of  tho  township,  1140. 

Littleton,  a  post-office  of  Sumner  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Arkansas  River,  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Wichita. 

Littleton,  a  post-township  of  Aroostook  co.,  Me.  Pop. 
700.     Littleton  Post-Office  is  6  miles  N.  of  Houlton. 

Littleton,  a  post-villago  and  township  of  Middlesex 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  and  on  the  Nashua, 
Acton  <t  Boston  Railroad,  31  miles  W.N.W.  of  Boston.  It 
contains  3  churches.     Pop.  950. 

Littleton,  a  post- village  in  Littleton  township,  Grafton 
CO.,  N.II.,  on  the  Mink  or  Lower  Araraonoosuc  River,  and  on 
the  Boston,  Concord  <fc  Montreal  Railroad,  113  miles  N.  of 
Concord.  It  has  a  national  bank,  3  churohes,  a  graded 
school-house  which  cost  $36,000,  2  newspaper  offices,  an 
iron-foundry,  a  savings-bank,  and  manufactures  of  wool, 
axes,  scythes,  Ac.  Pop.  about  2000.  The  township  is 
bounded  N.W.  by  Connecticut  River.      Pop.  in  1890,  3365. 

Littleton,  a  post-village  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  5  miles  N. 
of  Morristown,  and  1  mile  from  the  Morris  &  Essex  Railroad. 
It  has  a  blachsmith-shop  and  general  stores. 

Littleton,  a  post-village  of  Halifax  co.,  N.C,  on  the 
Raleigh  &  Gaston  Railroad,  76  miles  N.E.  of  Raleigh.  It 
has  2  churches. 


Littleton,  a  station  in  Richland  co.,  S.C,  on  tho  GrMi. 
villo  it  Columbia  Railroad,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Uoluuibia. 

Littleton,  a  post-offiuo  of  Morgan  co.,  Utah. 

Littleton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  Va.,  ca  th« 
Nottoway  River,  32  miles  S.S.E.  of  Petersburg. 

Littleton  Island,  on  tho  coast  of  Greenland,  in  lat 
78°  20'  N.,  the  point  reached  by  Capt.  Ingletield  in  1862. 

Little  Tracadie,  tr4'ki-dco',  a  post-hamlet  in  Anti. 
gonish  CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  St.  George  8  Bay,  7  miles  from 
Tracadie.     Pop.  200, 

Little  Trav'erse,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Emmctt 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  tho  N.  shore  of  Little  Traverse  Bay,  in  t 
township  of  its  own  name,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Pctoskey,  and 
about  60  miles  N.N.E.  of  Traverse  City.  It  has  a  churcb 
and  a  good  harbor.  Lumber,  fish,  and  wood  are  tho  chief 
articles  of  export.     Pop.  of  the  township,  315. 

Little  Traverse  IJay,  Emmett  co.,  Mich.,  is  an  inlot 
of  Lake  Michigan,  and  is  nearly  10  miles  long. 

Little  Union,  yun'yQn,  post-offico,  Marion  co..  Mo. 

Little  U'tica,  or  Polkvillc,  pok'vll.  a  post-liuinlet 
of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  about  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Oswego. 
It  has  a  church,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Little  VaI'ley,  a  post-office  of  McPherson  co.,  Kanus, 
12  miles  N.  of  Hutchinson.     Pop.  of  township,  204. 

Little  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Olmsted  co.,  Minn., 
about  16  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Rochester. 

Little  Valley,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cattaraug>ui 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Little  A  alley  township,  on  the  Erie  Rail 
road,  38  miles  E.S.E.  of  Dunkirk,  and  7  miles  N.W.  of 
Salamanca.  It  has  a  new  court-house,  a  newspaper  office, 
2  churches,  a  saw-mill,  2  grist-mills,  itc.  Pop.  in  IttVV, 
698;  of  the  townsliip,  1326. 

Little  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Dunn  co.,  Wis. 

Little  Ver'digris  (or  CaneyJ  Uiver  rises  in  Elk 
CO.,  Kansas,  runs  southeastward  into  the  Indian  Territory, 
and  enters  tho  Verdigris  River  near  hit.  36°  13'  N.  The 
part  which  is  in  Kansas  is  called  Cancy  River. 

Little  Vermilion  (v^r-mil'yun)  River  rises  in  Ver- 
milion CO.,  III.,  runs  eastward  into  Indiana,  and  enters  ths 
Wabash  River  at  Newport,  in  Vermilion  co. 

Littleville,  lit't^l-vll,  a  hamlet  of  Hampden  eo.,  MaH„ 
in  Chester  township,  4  miles  from  Huntington  Station.  It 
has  a  church. 

Littleville,  a  hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Avon 
township,  li  miles  from  Avon  Station.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Little  Wabash  (waw'bash)  River,  of  Illinois,  risca 
near  Mattoon,  runs  southward  through  Effingham  co.,  and 
southeastward  through  Clay  co.  It  subsequently  intersects 
the  COS.  of  Wayne  and  White,  and  enters  the  Wabash  Kivcr 
about  8  miles  from  its  mouth.     It  is  about  180  miles  long. 

Little  Wal'uut,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas,  on 
Little  Walnut  Creek,  30  miles  E.  of  Wichita.  Pop.  of  Little 
Walnut  township,  487. 

Little  Walnut  Creek,  of  Ohio,  enters  the  Scioto  River 
in  Pick2.way  co. 

Little  Warrior,  war're-pr,  a  post-offico  of  Blount  co, 
Ala.,  about  38  miles  N.N.E.  of  Birmingham. 

Little  Watts   Island,  Chesapeake  Bay,  E.  side,  at  1 
tho  W.  extremity  of  Pocomoke   Bay.     On  it  is  a  fixed 
light,  40  feet  high.  i 

Little  Wild  Cat,  a  post-office  of  Lewis  co.,  W.  Va. 
■    Little  Wolf,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waupaca  co..  Wis.,  on  ( 
the  Little  Wolf  River,  in  a  township  of  tho  same  name, 
about  30  miles  W.N.AV'.  of  Appleton.     It  has  a  Hour-mill 
and  a  saw-mill.     The  township  is  intersected  by  the  Green  | 
Bay  &  Minnesota  Railroad,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1120. 

Little  Wolf  River,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Marathon  co.,  ■ 
runs  southeastward  in  Waupaca  co.,  and  enters  tho  Wolf 
River  about  4  miles  below  New  London. 

Little  York,  a  post-village  of  Nevada  co.,  Cal.,  about 
10  miles  E.  of  Grass  Valley.    Gold  is  found  hero,  and  mining  ij 
is  tho  principal  business.     Pop.  of  the  township,  868.  ' 

Little  York,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co..  III.,  in 
Sumner  township,  on  the  Henderson  River,  12  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Monmouth. 

Little  Y'ork,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Ind., 
about  30  miles  N.  of  New  Albany. 

Little  York,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hunterdon  co.,  NJ., 
about  9  miles  S.E.  of  Phillipsburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Little  York,  a  post-village  of  Cortland  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Syracuse,  Binghamton  &  New  York  Railroad,  30  miles 
S.  of  Syracuse.     It  has  a  flour-mill,  hotel,  Ac. 

Little  York,  a  village  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Fowler  township,  about  35  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Ogdensburg. 
Pop.  117.     Here  is  Fowler  Post-Office. 

Little  York,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  C,  in 
Butler  township,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Dayton.     Pop.  HI. 


LIT 


1671 


MV 


Lit'ton's,  a  station  in  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  San 
Francisco  &  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  76  inilos  N.N.W. 
of  San  Francisco.  One  mile  distant  is  Litton's  Springs,  a 
watering-place. 

Lit'tonsville,  a  post-office  of  Russell  co.,  Va. 

Littoral  e,  Austria.    See  Kt)STEXLA.vD. 

LittornI  Province,  Siberia.    See  Phimorsk. 

Littowie,  a  town  of  Moravia.     See  Littau. 

Littry,  lectHree',  or  Litry,  a  town  of  France,  in  Cal- 
Tados,  9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Baycux.  Pop.  652.  In  its  vicin- 
Ky  is  an  extensive  coal-basin. 

Litvinovitchi,  or  Litvinovitshi,lit-rin-o-vitch'ee, 
a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  55  miles  S.E.  of  Mo- 
■keelev.    Pop.  1700. 

Litwa,  the  Polish  name  of  Lithuania. 

Lit'walton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Va.,  about 
65  miles  E.N.B.  of  Richmond. 

Lityn,  lee'tin,  or  Litinsk,  le-tinsk',  a  town  of  Russia, 
in  Podolia,  65  miles  N.E.  of  Kamieniee.     Pop.  7081. 

liitz'enberg,  a  post-village  in  Macungio  township, 
Lehigh  CO.,  Pa.,  at  Chapman  Station  on  the  Catasauqua 
A  Fogelsville  Railroad,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Catasauqua. 

Lius,  a  modern  Greek  name  of  Cerigotto. 

liiusne,  a  river  of  Sweden.     See  Ljusne. 

Liu«Tcliou.    See  I*o-Cnoo  Islands. 

liivadia,  or  Libadia,  liv-i-nee'a,  a  division  of  Greece, 
corresponding  nearly  to  the  ancient  divisions  of  Acarnania, 
Doris,  Loeris,  Boeotia,  and  Attica,  and  including  the  mod- 
ern nomcs  of  Attica  and  Boeotia,  Phocis  and  Phthiotis,  and 
Acarnania  and  iEtolia;  in  this  division  is  also  usually  in- 
cluded the  insular  nome  of  Euboea,  or  Negropont,  but  the 
Other  islands  and  the  Morea  are  excluded.     Pop.  366,918. 

Livadia,  orLibadia,  liv-i-nee'a  (anc.  Lebnde'a),  a 
town  of  Greece,  in  Boeotia,  on  the  llcrcyna,  52  miles  N.W. 
of  Athens.  It  is  defended  by  a  castle,  and  is  one  of  the 
most  flourishing  towns  in  the  kingdom.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  cotton  goods,  more  than  60  cotton-gins,  and  a  trade 
in  rice,  corn,  wool,  and  cotton.     Pop.  5130. 

Livadostro,  liv-S.-dos'tro,  a  village  of  Greece,  at  the 
month  of  a  river  in  the  Bay  of  Livadostro,  15  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Mcgara. 

Livarot,  IceViVo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Calvados,  on 
the  Vie,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lisieux.     Pon.  1499. 

Lively,  liv'lc,  a  post-village  of  Russell  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Chattahoochee  River,  in  Marshall's  Reserve,  7  miles  from 
Smith's  Station.     It  has  several  churches. 

Lively  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co..  111., 
about  24  miles  S.E.  of  Belleville.     It  has  2  churches. 
Lively  Oaks,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co.,  Va. 
Liv'engood's,  a  township  of  Cabarrus  co.,  N.C.   P.  662. 
Livenza,  le-v4n'zi  (anc.  Liquen'tia),  a  river  of  Italy, 
after  a  course  of  70  miles,  enters  the  Adriatic  28  miles  N.E. 
of  Venice.     It  communicates  by  canal  with  the  Piave. 

Live  Oak,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
area  of  about  1100  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Nueces  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Atascosa  River  and 
Rio  Frio.  The  surface  is  partly  covered  with  forests,  in 
which  the  live-oak,  maple,  magnolia,  walnut,  sycamore,  and 

Ealnietto  are  found.  The  soil  produces  pasture  for  large 
erds  of  cattle,  which  are  the  chief  articles  of  export. 
Capital,  Oakville.  Pop.  in  1870,  852;  in  1880,  1994;  in 
1890,  2055. 

Live  Oak,  a  post-office  of  Crenshaw  co.,  Ala. 

Live  Oak,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Sutter  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  Oregon  division  of  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  63 
miles  N.  of  Sacramento. 

Live  Oak,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Suwance  co.,  Fla., 
on  the  Jacksonville,  Pensacola  &  Mobile  Railroad,  at  its 
junction  with  the  Atlantic  &  Gulf  Railroad,  82  miles  W. 
of  Jacksonville,  and  83  miles  E.  of  Tallahassee.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office,  2  churches,  8  stores,  a  saw-mill,  2  turpen- 
tine-distilleries, and  2  cotton-gins.     Pop.  in  1890.  687. 

Live  Oak,  a  post-office  of  Terre  Bonne  parish,  La. 

Live  Oak,  a  post-office  of  Henry  co.,  Tenn.,  12  miles 
S.  of  Paris. 

Live  Oaks,  a  post-office  of  Bastrop  co.,  Tex.,  31  miles 
S.E.  of  Austin. 

I     Live  Oak  Store,  a  post-oflBce  of  Livingston  parish, 
La.,  on  the  Amite  River. 

Liv'ermore,  a  post- village  of  Alameda  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  48  miles  E.  of  San  Francisco. 
It  has  a  newspaper  office,  2  churches,  Ac.     P.  (1890)  1391. 

Livermore,  a  post-hamlet  of  Larimer  co..  Col.,  35  miles 
B.W.  of  Cheyenne,  Wyoming.  It  has  a  hotel,  a  store,  and 
2  gaw-mills.  Here  is  a  park  among  the  foot-hills,  in  which 
many  cattle  and  sheep  are  pastured. 

Livermore,  a  post- village  of  McLean  co.,  Ky.,  on 


Green  River,  and  on  the  Owensborough  A,  Nashville  Rail- 
road, 21  miles  S.  of  Owensborough.  It  has  a  drug-store,  a 
grist-mill,  a  planing-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  622. 

Livermore,  or  Brit'ton's  Mills,  a  post-village  in 
Livermore  township,  Androscoggin  co..  Me.,  about  20  miles 
N.  of  Lewiston.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
the  Androscoggin  River,  and  contains  anotlier  village,  named 
Livermore  Centre.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1467. 

Livermore,  a  township  of  Grafton  co.,  N.II.,  in  the 
White  Mountain  region,  is  a  dense  forest,  has  an  extensive 
lumber-mill,  and  is  connected  by  the  Sawyer's  River  Rail- 
ro-ad  to  Livermore  Station  on  the  Portland  &  Ogdensburg 
Railroad.  The  latter  is  about  10  miles  S.  of  the  Crawford 
House.     The  township  was  incorporated  in  1876.     Pop.  75. 

Livermore,  a  post-borough  in  Derry  township,  West- 
moreland CO.,  Pa.,  on  Conemaugh  Creek,  and  on  the  Western 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  33  miles  in  a  direct  line,  or  59  miles 
by  railroad,  E.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  211. 

Livermore  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Livermore  town- 
ship, Androscoggin  eo.,  Me.,  on  the  Androscoggin  River, 
about  24  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Augusta.  It  has  a  church,  a 
high  school,  and  a  chcese-box-faetory. 

Livermore  Falls,  a  post-village  in  East  Livermore 
township,  Androscoggin  co.,  Me.,  on  the  Androscoggin 
River,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Maine  Central  Railroad, 
about  30  miles  N.  of  Lewiston,  and  25  miles  AV.N.W.  of 
Augusta.  It  has  2  churches,  a  printing-office,  and  manu- 
factures of  carriages,  boxes,  shoes,  &c.     Pop.  about  500. 

Liverpool,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  on 
the  E.  bank  of  the  Mersey  estuary,  about  4  miles  from  tho 
Irish  Sea,  and  185  miles  N.W.  of  London.  Lat.  53°  24' 
3.8"  N.;  Ion.  3°  4'  17"  W.  Pop.  in  1881,552,425;  in  1891, 
517,951.  The  town  extends  3  miles  in  length  by  about 
2  miles  in  greatest  breadth,  over  gently  rising  ground,  tho 
highest  point  within  the  border  being  about  227  feet  above 
the  quay  wall  of  the  river.  Though  irregularly  laid  out,  it 
has  many  broad,  straight,  and  handsome  thoroughfares. 
Along  the  shore  there  is  a  line  of  docks  and  basins  over  5 
miles  in  length,  having  an  aggregate  water  area  of  300 
acres,  and  a  quay  space  of  20  miles  in  extent,  reclaimed 
from  the  river.  Some  of  the  docks  are  connected  with  the 
Leeds  &  Liverpool  Canal,  and  most  of  the  others  have  half- 
tide  locks  and  wet  basins.  Warehouse  room  attached  to  the 
docks  has  been  very  much  extended  of  late  years.  The 
Corn  Warehouse  dock  is  surrounded  by  lofty  fire-proof 
warehouses  1485  feet  long  and  6  stories  in  height,  which  are 
furnished  with  hydraulic  lifts  and  every  suitable  appliance. 
The  London  &  North- Western  Railway  has  a  station  on  tho 
high  ground  of  the  town  at  Edge  Hill,  and  from  thence 
three  branches  through  tunnels  run,  one  to  the  centre  of 
the  town  to  the  terminus  in  Lime  street,  for  passengers, 
and  one  to  the  N.  and  S.  docks  respectively,  for  goods,  and 
a  fourth  branch  has  been  laid  down  to  the  N.  shore.  The 
Lancashire  <fc  Yorkshire  Railway  has  a  goods  station  near 
the  docks  in  Great  Howard  street,  and  a  general  station  in 
Tithebarn  street,  near  the  exchange ;  and  in  connection 
with  them  a  high  level  branch  to  the  docks  for  coaling 
steam-vessels.  The  Great  Northern,  the  Manchester,  Shef- 
field <fc  Lincolnshire,  and  the  Midland  Railways  have  a  joint 
station  near  the  Brunswick  dock.  The  Great  Western  Rail- 
way has  access  to  Birkenhead,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the 
Mersey,  with  which  there  is  constant  communication  by 
steam-ferries.  Liverpool  is  supplied  with  water  of  excel- 
lent quality,  partly  pumped  from  wells,  but  chiefly  obtained 
from  the  hilly  district  of  llivington,  24  miles  distant,  whence 
it  is  conveyed  to  Liverpool  in  iron  pipes.  Among  the  pub- 
lic buildings  is  the  town  hall,  erected  at  a  cost  of  upwards 
of  £110,000.  It  contains  a  superb  suite  of  entertainment 
rooms,  the  council  hall,  and  various  public  offices  connected 
with  the  management  of  the  municipal  business  and  the 
corporate  estate.  The  hall  stands  on  one  side  of  a  square, 
the  other  three  sides  of  which  are  formed  by  the  new  ex- 
change buildings,  which  have  replaced  the  old  exchange 
and  were  completed  in  1870.  The  principal  front  is  1500 
feet  long.  The  news-room  is  a  magnificent  one,  175  feet 
long,  90  wide,  and  50  high.  In  1868  the  municipal  building 
was  completed.  It  contains  the  municipal  offices,  in  which 
all  departments  of  the  corporation  business  are  now  accom- 
modated. The  building  is  226  feet  long  and  195  feet  deep. 
The  revenue  building,  comprising  the  excise,  post,  custom- 
house, dock,  and  stamp  offices,  is  a  large,  heavy  building  of 
the  Ionic  order,  covering  an  area  of  6700  square  yards.  St. 
George's  Hall,  of  the  Corinthian  order  externally  .and  in- 
ternally, contains  assize  courts,  and  a  hall  for  public  meet- 
ings, musical  entertainments,  Ac,  and  also  a  concert-room. 
There  is  also  a  concert-hall,  called  the  Philharmonic  Hall, 
of  colossal  dimensions,  and  which,  in  excellence  in   tho 


LIV 


1672 


LIV 


rcquUites  of  hearing  and  ie«ing,  may  vie  with  any  building 
of  a  similar  kind.  The  prinoiiml  churohea  aro  those  of 
Sainta  I'oter,  Catherine,  Jainos,  Michael,  Luice,  Philip,  and 
Paul,  and  St.  Uoorge's,  the  Soutuh  kirk,  Free  ohurchos, 
United  Prosbvtorian  ohuroh.  Unitarian,  Independent,  Dap- 
tixt,  and  Wcsleyan  ohapols,  and  two  Jews'  synagogaos,  alto- 
gether 190  churohoM  and  chapels.  Among  the  educational 
establish inonts  aro  the  Liverpool  Iloyal  Institution,  which 
has  a  large  library  and  a  museum ;  the  collegiate  building, 
in  the  Gothic  style;  the  Moohanioa'  Institute,  Liverpool 
Institution,  a  college  of  chemistry,  an  architectural  asso- 
ciation, school  of  art,  gymnasium,  numerous  societies  and 
clubs,  the  Walker  Fine  Art  Gallery,  a  school  of  medicine, 
and  several  schools  belonging  to  the  different  religious 
bodies.  There  are  many  hospitals,  an  infirmary,  dispen- 
saries, and  charitablo  institutions;  .3  large  covered  and  2 
open  public  markets ;  a  fish  market,  corn  exchange,  and 
tobacco  warehouse,  and  among  the  public  institutions  pro- 
vided by  the  corporation,  public  baths  on  the  pier-head,  and 
other  public  baths  and  wash-houses ;  and  botanic  gardens  and 
public  parks  form,  with  the  private  ground  open  at  times 
to  the  public,  an  almost  oontinuous  band  of  open  space  on 
the  landward  side  of  the  town.  In  the  extreme  b.  of  the 
town  is  Softon  Park,  covering  an  area  of  about  200  acres, 
and  elaborately  laid  out.  The  cost  of  securing  and  laying 
out  this  park  was  nearly  half  a  million.  The  Bank  of 
England  has  a  branch  hero ;  and  next  to  it  is  the  Commer- 
cial Bank,  besides  13  other  banks.  There  are  the  Exchange, 
Athenaaum,  and  Lyceum  news-rooms;  the  two  latter  have 
extensive  libraries  attached;  and  the  free  public  library  and 
museum,  which  has  branch  lending  libraries  in  various 
parts  of  the  town.  There  are  numerous  theatres,  assembly- 
rooms,  music-halls,  and  other  similar  places  of  amusement. 
Fourteen  newspapers  are  published  in  Liverpool.  The  town 
has  manufactures  of  watches  and  jewelry,  sugar-refineries, 
iron-  and  brass-foundries,  iron-  and  steel-forges,  breweries, 
rope-,  glass-,  soda-,  and  alkali-works;  there  are  extensive 
works  for  making  steam-engines,  machinery,  chains,  cables, 
anchors,  rope,  sails,  and  soap;  and  ship-building  is  carried 
on  in  it  to  a  great  extent ;  but  it  owes  its  chief  importance  to 
its  being  a  great  seat  of  foreign,  export  and  import  trade, 
and  the  main  outlet  for  the  manufactures  of  Lancashire, 
Yorkshire,  Staffordshire,  and  the  principal  part  of  the  trade 
of  England  with  Australia,  America,  India,  Africa,  and  the 
Mediterranean.  The  Mersey  at  high  water  may  be  entered 
by  the  largest  ships,  upwards  of  £12,000,000  having  been 
expended  on  the  river  Mersey  in  securing  safe  anchorage 
and  dock  accommodation.  Nearly  all  the  raw  cotton  im- 
ported into  Great  Britain  is  brought  to  Liverpool.  Liver- 
pool is  connected  by  railway  with  all  the  great  towns  of 
England  and  Scotland ;  by  canals  with  the  principal  towns 
of  England ;  and  by  steam-packets  with  Glasgow,  Dublin, 
Cork,  Bristol,  and  the  principal  ports  of  France,  the  Medi- 
terranean, America,  and  Australia.  The  borough  is  divided 
into  16  wards,  and  governed  by  a  mayor,  16  aldermen,  and 
48  councillors.  Great  improvements  have  been  and  continue 
to  be  made  in  the  town,  without  imposing  taxes;  and  the 
lighting  of  the  town  is  defrayed  entirely  out  of  the  surplus 
municipal  revenue.  It  has  quarter  and  petty  sessions,  courts 
of  record  and  requests,  and  is  the  seat  of  assizes  for  the 
hundred  of  West  Derby.  Its  port  jurisdiction  comprises  the 
whole  estuary  of  the  Mersey.  It  sends  three  members  to  the 
llouse  of  Commons.     It  is  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop's  see. 

liiverpool^amountain-rangeinEast  Australia,  stretches 
from  W.  to  E.  between  the  county  of  Brisbane,  New  South 
Wales,  and  the  Liverpool  Plains,  and  forms  the  watershed 
between  the  basins  of  the  Peel  or  Namoy  on  the  N.  and  W. 
and  the  Hunter  on  the  S.  and  E. 

liiv'erpool)  a  post-village  in  Liverpool  township,  Ful- 
ton CO.,  III.,  on  the  Illinois  River,  about  25  miles  below 
Pekin.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  a  plough-factory, 
and  a  tobacco-factory.     Pop.  of  the  township,  13.36. 

liiverpool,  a  station  in  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Joliet 
Branch  of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses 
the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad,  33  miles  S.E. 
of  Chicago. 

Liverpool)  a  post-village  in  Salina  township,  Onondaga 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Onondaga  Lake,  on  the  Oswego 
Canal,  and  on  the  Syracuse  Northern  Railroad,  5  miles 
N.W.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  4  churches,  a  union  school,  a 
newspaper  ofiice,  salt-works,  and  a  manufactory  of  willow- 
ware.  Pop.  1555.  Over  1,000,000  bushels  of  salt  are  some- 
times manufactured  in  the  Liverpool  district  per  annum. 

Liverpool)  a  township  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.  Pop. 
2907.    It  contains  the  town  of  East  Liverpool. 

Liverpool)  Madison  co.,  0.    See  Rosedale. 

Liverpool)  a  post-village  in  Liverpool  township,  Me- 


dina CO.,  0.,  on  Rooky  River,  about  22  miloa  S.S.W.  of 
Cleveland,  and  8  miles  N.  of  Medina.  It  has  several 
churches,  a  foundry,  a  tannery,  a  pump-factory,  and  a  ma> 
chine-shop.     Pop.  about  600  ;  of  the  townshij),  1425. 

Liverpool)  a  post-office  of  Linn  co.,  Oregon. 

Liverpool)  a  post-borough  in  Liverpool  townihip, 
Perry  co..  Pa.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Susquehanna  lUvor 
opposite  Liverpool  Station  on  the  Northern  Centnil  Rail! 
road,  23  miles  above  Ilarrisburg,  and  24  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Sunbury.  It  contains  a  bank,  4  churches,  a  gradcil  school, 
2  iron-foundries,  2  flouring-mills,  and  2  manufactories  of 
furniture.     Pop.  823;  of  the  township,  851). 

Liverpool)  New  Brunswick.    See  Riciiinucro. 

Liverpool)  a  town  and  port  of  entry  of  Nova  Sootiit, 
capital  of  Queens  co.,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  river  Mersey 
at  its  entrance  into  Liverpool  Harbor,  108  miles  S.W.  of 
Ilalifiix.  It  is  well  and  regularly  built,  and  is  the  centro 
of  an  important  trade.  To  the  N.  of  Coffin's  Island  tlio 
channel  is  not  navigable  for  vessels  drawing  more  than  9 
feet  of  water;  but  the  passage  to  the  S.  is  full  1^  tnilci 
wide,  with  from  15  to  18  fathoms  of  water.  A  li^iit-house 
has  been  erected  on  the  island,  containing  a  revolving  light, 
75  feet  above  the  sea.  Liverpool  has  5  churches,  good  county 
buildings,  ship-yards,  a  newspaper  office,  2  banks,  and  man- 
ufactures of  lumber,  castings,  ijiachincs,  edge-tools,  boot* 
and  shoes,  <tc.     It  is  the  seat  of  a  large  fishery.     Pop.  3102. 

Liverpool)  a  post-town  of  New  South  W.alcs,  on  the 
George  River,  7  miles  S.  of  Paramatta.     Pop.  1338. 

Liverpool  CapC)  a  headland  on  the  S.  side  of  the  en- 
trance to  Lancaster  Sound,  Northern  Canada,  and  of  another 
bounding  Liverpool  Bay,  Arctic  Ocean,  immediately  S.W. 
of  Cape  Bathurst.     Lat.  about  70°  N. ;  Ion.  1211°  W. 

Liverpool  PlainS)  a  picturesque  and  well-wntered 
region  of  New  South  Wales,  Australia,  between  lat.  31°  and 
32°  S.  and  Ion.  150°  and  151°  E.,  from  800  to  1000  feet 
above  sea-level.     Area,  16,638  square  miles.    Pop.  12,824. 

Liverpool  River,  North  Australia,  Arnhem  Land, 
enters  the  sea  near  lat.  12°  S.,  Ion.  134°  10'  E. 

Livcrsedge,  liv'§r-sfij,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
6  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Huddersfield,  with  woollen-mills. 
Pop.  11,103. 

LiveseV)  liv'zee,  a  township  of  England,  in  Lancaster, 
2  miles  S.W.  of  Blackburn,  with  cotton-mills.     Pop.  4035. 

Liv'ia)  a  post-hamlet  of  McLean  co.,  Ky.,  about  15 
miles  S.  of  Owensborough.     It  has  2  churches. 

Liv'ing  Spring)  a  post-office  of  Pottawattamie  co., 
Iowa,  10  miles  N.  of  Malvern. 

Liv'ingston,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of 
Illinois,  has  an  area  of  1026  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Vermilion  River,  which  rises  in  it.  The  surface  it 
nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile.  The  greater  part  of  the 
county  is  prairie.  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  butter, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  mineral  re- 
sources are  bituminous  coal  and  limestone.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  the  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Western  Railroad,  the 
Chicngo  <fc  Alton  Railroad,  the  Wabash  Railroad,  the  Atch- 
ison, Topeka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad,  and  the  Illinois  Central 
Railroad.  Capital,  Ponliac.  Pop.  in  1870,  31,171;  in 
1880,  38,450;  in  1890,  38,455. 

Livingston)  a  western  county  of  Kentucky,  has  in 
area  of  about  360  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
and  W.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  Tennessee, 
and  is  intersected  by  the  Cumberland  River,  which  enters 
the  Ohio  in  this  county.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
hilly,  and  is  partly  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  tobacco,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It 
has  extensive  beds  of  coal  and  limestone.  Its  three  rivers 
afford  great  facilities  for  navigation.  Its  southern  part  is 
intersected  by  the  Newport  News  &  Mississippi  Valley 
Railroad.  Capital,  Smithland.  Pop.  in  1870,  S2U0;  in 
1880j  9165;  in  1890,  9474. 

Livingston)  a  southeastern  parish  of  Louisiana,  hu 
an  area  of  about  620  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S. 
and  W.  by  the  Amite  River,  and  on  the  S.U.  by  Lake 
Maurcpas,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Tickfaw  River.  The 
surface  is  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests,  in 
which  the  live-oak  and  m.agnolia  are  found.  Cotton,  sugif- 
cane,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Spring- 
ville.     Pop.  in  1870,  4026;  in  1880.  5258;  in  1890,  5769. 

Livingston)  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  Michi- 
gan, has  an  area  of  580  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Red  Cedar  and  Shiawassee  Rivers,  which  rise  in  it,  and  by 
the  Huron  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  exten- 
sively covered  with  dense  forests  of  sugar-maple  and  other 
deciduous  trees.  It  also  contains  "  oak  openings,"  or  open 
groves  of  oak.  The  soil  is  a  fertile  sandy  loam.  Wheat, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  wool,  hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple  prod- 


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1673 


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its.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Detroit,  Lansing  <fc 
iorthern  Railroad  and  the  Toledo,  Ann  Arbor  A  North 
iichi''an  Railroad.  Capital,  llowell.  Pop.  in  1870, 19,336  ; 
I  1880,  22,251  ;  in  1890,  20,858. 

Livingston,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Missouri, 
IS  an  area  of  about  520  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
'  Grand  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Crooked  Fork 

Grand  River  and  by  Medicine  and  Shoal  Creeks.     The 

rface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  vrith  prairies  and 
Irests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  wheat,  pork, 
ikd  wool  are  the  staple  products.  Bituminous  coal  is  found 
kre.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Hannibal  <fc  St. 
bseph  Railroad,  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Rail- 
jad,  and  the  Wabash  Railroad,  all  of  which  connect  with 
hiUiootho,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  16,730;  in  1880, 
f,198;  in  1890,  20,608. 

(Livingston,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  New  York,  has 
H  area  of  about  044  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
U  Genesee  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Canaseraga  and 
(oneoye  Creeks.  The  surface  is  partly  undulating  and 
irtly  hilly,  is  extensively  covered  with  forests,  and  diver- 
JBed  with  two  lakes,  named  Conesus  and  Hemlock  lakes, 
be  deep  depression  of  the  Genesee  valley  is  one  of  the 
jlraarkable  features  of  this  county.  Among  the  forest  trees 
he  the  beech,  ash,  oak,  sugar-maple,  and  elm.  The  soil  is 
{ostly  very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  b.arley,  wool, 
ay,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Devonian  cornif- 
i-ous  limestone  underlies  part  of  the  soil.  The  Avon  min- 
ral  springs  are  in  this  county,  which  also  has  quarries  of 
indstone.  It  is  intersected  by  the  New  York,  Lake  Erie 
\  Western  Railroad  and  the  Rochester  division  and  Attica 
jranch  of  that  railroad,  also  by  the  Genesee  Valley  Canal, 
hpital,  Geneseo.  Pop.  in  1870,  38,309;  in  1880,  39,562; 
i  1890,  37,801. 

j  Livingston,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Sumter  cc,  Ala., 
h  Sucarnoochee  Creek,  and  on  the  Alabama  <!b  Chattanooga 
iailroad,  61  miles  S.W.  of  Tuscaloosa,  and  36  miles  N.E. 
'  Meridian.  It  has  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  (1890)  860. 
^Livingston,  a  post-office  of  Merced  co.,  Cal. 
[Livingston,  a  post-office  of  Floyd  oo.,  Ga.,  about  15 
lies  W.  by  S.  of  Rome. 
[Livingston,  a  post-village  of  Clark  co.,  III.,  3  miles  E. 

Marshall,  and  62  miles  S.  of  Danville.  It  has  a  church. 
[Livingston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa, 
out  45  miles  S.W.  of  Ottumwa. 

Livingston,  a  station  in  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
issouri  &  Western  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Columbus. 
[Livingston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pratt  co.,  Kansas,  24 
Mes  S.E.  of  Larned. 

[Livingston,  a  village  in  Rock  Castle  co.,  Ky.,  on  Rock 
tstle  River,  and  on  the  Knoxville  Branch  of  the  Louisville 
jNashville  Railroad,  140  miles  S.E.  of  Louisville.  It  has 
hotels,  several  stores,  and  a  coal-mine.  The  post-office  is 
^med  Livingston  Station.  Pop.  about  500. 
Livingston,  a  village  of  Madison  co..  Miss.,  25  miles 
!  of  Jackson.     It  has  2  churches. 

ILivingston,  a  post-village  in  Livingston  township, 
jse.K  CO.,  N.J.,  8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Newark,  and  4i  miles 
j.N.W.  of  Orange.  The  township  is  bounded  W.  by  the 
iasaio  River.  It  has  4  churches  and  a  pop.  of  1157. 
Jiivingston,  a  post-township  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y., 
I  the  Hudson  River,  about  6  miles  below  Hudson.  It  is 
lunded  on  the  S.W.  by  Jansen's  Creek.  Pop.  1960.  On 
jo  W.  border  of  this  township  is  Livingston  Station  on  the 
Udson  River  Railroad,  35  miles  S.  of  Albany.  Livingston 
ist-Office  is  at  the  village  of  Johnstown. 
Livingston,   a  post-village,   capital  of  Overton   co., 

nn.,  about  95  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Nashville.     It  has  an 
ademy,  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  leather, 
id  whisky.    Pop.  in  1890,  320. 
■Livingston,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Polk  co.,  Tex., 

the  Houston,  East  &  West  Texas  Railroad,  10  miles  N.E. 

Trinity  River  Station,  and  45  miles  N.  of  Liberty. 
[Livingston's  Cove,  a  post-hamlet  in  Antigonish  co., 
Vva  Scotia,  on  the  N.  side  of  Cape  George,  42  miles  from 
i!w_  Glasgow.     Pop.  150. 

jLiv'ingstonville,  a  post-village  of  Schoharie  CO.,  N.Y., 
;  Broome  township,  about  32  miles  S.W.  of  Albany.  It 
Is  2  churches  and  2  mills. 

iLivisosia,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Lezuza. 
jLivnee,  Livng,  or  Livny,  liv'nee,  a  town  of  Russia, 
|vernment  and  80  miles  S.E.  of  Orel,  on  the  Sosna,  an 
jluent  of  the  Don.    Pop.  12,975.    It  has  numerous  churches 
*d  several  annual  fairs. 
ILivno,  liv'no,  a  fortified  town  of  Bosnia,  54  miles  N.W. 

Mostar,  on  the  Bistritza.     Pop.  about  4000. 

Livonia,  le-vo'ne-a  (Ger.  Livland,  leef'lint),  a  govern- 
106 


ment  of  Russia,  one  of  the  Baltic  provinces,  mostly  between 
l.at.  56°  30'  and  58°  30'  N.and  Ion.  24°  and  28°  E.,  having 
W.  the  Gulf  of  Livonia.  Area,  comprising  the  island  Oesel, 
in  the  Baltic,  20,450  square  miles.  Pop.  1,000,876.  Sur- 
fivce  mostly  flat  and  marshy.  Principal  rivers,  the  Diina 
and  Eyst,  and  on  the  S.  frontier  the  Treider-Aa,  Fennern, 
and  Embach.  Lakes  numerous.  Soil  fertile,  and  grain  is 
raised  for  export,  principally  rye  an.l  barley,  but  also  com- 
prising wheat,  oats,  and  buckwheat;  the  rearing  of  live- 
stock is  of  great  importance.  It  has  manufactures  of  cotton 
and  woollen  stuflfs,  sugar,  tobacco,  glass,  <fec.  The  popula- 
tion is  very  mixed,  and  mostly  Lutheran.  The  aristocracy 
is  of  German,  Swedish,  and  Russian  origin.  The  peasantry 
are  in  part  Livs  or  Livonians  (a  Finnic  race),  but  chiefly 
Esthonians  and  Letts.  Principal  towns,  Riga  (the  capital), 
Dorpat,  Pernau,  and  Venden,  with  Arensburg  in  the  island 
of  Oesel. Adj.  and  inhab.  Livonian,  le-vo'nc-an. 

Livonia,  le-vo'ne-a,  a  post-village  in  Madison  town- 
ship, Washington  co.,  Ind.,  about  32  miles  N.W.  of  New 
Albany.  It  has  a  graded  school,  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a 
plough-factory,  <fcc.     Pop.  about  400. 

Livonia,  a  post-office  of  Point  Coupee  parish.  La.,  on 
the  Baton  Rouge,  Grosse  Tute  &  Opelousas  Railroad,  24 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Baton  Rouge. 

Livonia,  a  post-hamlet  in  Livonia  township,  "Wayna 
CO.,  Midi.,  li  miles  from  Livonia  Station,  and  18  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  Detroit.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 1570. 

Livonia,  a  post-township  of  Sherburne  co.,  Minn., 
about  44  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Paul.     Pop.  302. 

Livonia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Chariton  River,  about  60  miles  N.  by  AV.  of  Macon  City. 
It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-milL  Coal  is 
found  here. 

Livonia,  or  Livonia  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Livo- 
nia township,  Livingston  co.,  N.Y.,  about  22  miles  (direct) 
S.  of  Rochester,  and  1  mile  E.  of  the  Erie  Railroad.  It 
contains  2  churches.  Pop.  283.  The  township,  which  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  Conesus  Lake,  contains  3  other  vil- 
lages, namely,  Livonia  Station,  Hemlock  Lake,  and  Lake- 
ville.     Total  pop.  3119. 

Livonia,  Gulf  of,  Russia.    See  Gulp  of  Riga. 

Livonia  Station,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  &  Northern  Railroad,  18  miles  W. 
of  Detroit. 

Livonia  Station,  a  post-village  in  Livonia  township, 
Livingston  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Rochester  division  of  the  Erie 
Railroad,  30  miles  S.  of  Rochester,  and  about  8  miles  N.E. 
of  Geneseo.  It  has  2  churches,  2  banks,  a  union  school,  2 
newspaper  offices,  ko, 

Livorno,  le-voK'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  prov- 
ince of  Novara,  17  miles  W.S.W.  of  Vercelli.     Pop.  6797. 

Livorno,  or  Livourne,  Italy.    See  Leghokn. 

Livramento,  a  town  of  Brazil.    See  Piunhi. 

Livron,  leeVr6No',  a  town  of  France,  in  Dr8me,  1,0 
miles  S.  of  Valence.     Pop.  1874. 

Livry,  leeVree',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine-et-Oisc,  10 
miles  E.  of  Paris.  Pop.  1899.  Livry  is  also  the  name  of 
villages  in  the  departments  of  Calvados  and  Nievre. 

Livuma,  le-voo'mi,  a  considerable  river  of  East  Africa, 
enters  the  Indian  Ocean  near  Capo  Delgado. 

Lixuri,  lix-oo'ree,  a  seaport  town  of  Cephalonia,  on  its 
W.  limb,  5  miles  N.  of  Argostoli.  Pop.  6000._  It  is  a 
Greek  bishop's  see,  and  is  the  rival  of  Argostoli  in  cou^- 
mercial  importance. 

Lizan,  lee^zln',  a  village  of  Turkish  Koordistan,  on 
the  Zab,  about  40  miles  N.E.  of  Mosul. 

Lizanello,  leed-zd-nSl'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  5  miles  S.E.  of  Lecce.     Pop.  2717. 

Lizano,  leed-zi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Lecce, 
14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Taranto.     Pop.  3023. 

Liz'ard,  an  island  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Australia, 
N.N.E.  of  Cape  Flattery.  Lat.  14°  41'  24"  S.;  Ion.  145° 
28'  30"  E.  It  has  a  peak  1151  feet  above  the  sea-level. 
Greatest  diameter,  2i  miles. 

Lizard,  a  township  of  Pocahontas  co.,  Iowa.   Pop.  469. 

Liz'ard  Point,  a  bold  headland  of  England,  co.  of 
Cornwall,  the  most  southern  point  of  Great  Britain,  23 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Land's  End,  and  having  two  light-houses 
with  fixed  lights,  elevated  200  feet  above  the  sea,  in  lat.  49° 
57'  40"  N.,  Ion.  5°  12'  6"  W. 

Lizard  River,  Iowa,  runs  southeastward  through  Po- 
cahontas CO.,  and  enters  the  Des  Moines  River  at  Fort 
Dodge. 

Li'zemore's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  W.  Ya.,  13 
miles  N.  of  Kanawha  Falls. 

Liz'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hendricks  co.,  Ind.,  on  tha 


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1674 


LLE 


IndianapsHs,  BTootetnictDn  4  ITestoni  Railroad,  22  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Indiiiniipolig.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  mill. 

LIzjr-sur-Oarcqtlco'M'-sUii-oonk.a  town  of  France, 
in  Sclno-ot-Marno,  8  luilos  N.E.  of  Moaux.     Pop.  1392. 
Liz'zard  Lake*  a  post-offico  of  Wayne  oo.,  Pa. 
IJiibnschcvo,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Ltoobashevo. 
IJubctschi,  a  town  of  Russia.    Boo  LrooBETcn. 
IJubiin,  a  town  of  Russia,    See  LrooBiu. 
IJtisnC)  or  Liusne^  loos'ni,  a  river  of  Sweden,  is- 
•nes  from  a  lake  of  the  same  name  in  Korjedalcn,  flows  S.E. 
Into  the  Itcn  of  Gofloborg,  whore  it  forms  several  lakes,  and 
falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia  about  36  miles  N.  of  Gefle, 
after  a  course  of  about  220  miles.   Its  current  is  vorj  mucii 
encuinborcd  by  rocks. 

IJutzin,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  LyooTsr!». 

Llacnnn,  or  La  Llacnna,  lil  lil-koo'nil,  a  town  of 
Spain,  Catalonia,  about  60  miles  from  Barcelona.    Pop.  1258. 

lilado,  I&'do,  a  village  of  Spain,  Catalonia,  20  miles 
from  Gorona.     Pop.  1347. 

Llagostcra,  ll-gos-ti'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Qerona.     Pop.  3529. 

lilaillai,  !i-Ii',  a  town  of  Chili,  province  of  Valparaiso. 
Pop.  2332. 

LlaiijaWclsh  word  signifying  "  cnclosnTc"  or  "church," 
is  the  prcfi.'s  of  the  names  of  numerous  parishes  and  towns 
lii  England  and  Wales.  _^a5^It  may  bo  observed  that  the 
sound  of  II  in  Welsh  has  no  equivalent  in  the  English  lan- 
guage. At  the  beginning  of  a  name  it  is  commonly  An- 
glicized by  a  simple  I,  distinguished  in  this  work  as  a  small 
capital.  In  the  middle  or  at  the  end  of  a  word  it  is  rep- 
resented by  thl  (italic). 

Lianas,  li'nls,  a  town  of  Spain,  Catalonia,  on  the  coast, 
province  and  30  miles  N.E.  of  Gerona.     Pop.  2125. 

Llanbadarn-Fawr,  Lan-bah'darn-vowr,  a  town  of 
Wales,  CO.  of  Cardigan,  2  miles  E.  of  Aberystwith,  which 
is  in  the  parish  of  Llanbadarn-Fawr.  It  was  once  a 
tishop's  see.     Pop.  of  parish,  15,268. 

Llanbcdr,  a  borough  of  Wales.    See  Lampeteh. 

Llanberris,  Lan-b4r'ris,  a  village  and  railway  termi- 
nus of  Wales,  00.  of  Carnarvon,  at  the  foot  of  Snowdon,  10 
miles  E.  of  Carnarvon.  Tourists  are  attracted  hither  by 
the  lake-  and  mountain-scenery.     Pop.  of  parish,  2507. 

LlandafT,  Lan-daflf  (Welsh,  LlanTdf,  Lan  iKv,  "church 
of  the  Taf),  a  city  of  Wales,  co.  of  Glamorgan,  on  the 
Taff,  here  crossed  by  a  bridge,  2  miles  N.W.  of  Cardiff.  The 
"  city"  is  a  more  hamlet  and  suburb  of  Cardiff,  noted  only 
for  its  cathedral.  Adjoining  are  the  chapter-house,  and  re- 
mains of  the  ancient  episcopal  palace. 

Llandcilo-Vawr  (or  -Fawr),  or  Llandilo,  Lan- 
di'lo-vowu,  a  town  of  Wales,  co.  and  14  miles  by  rail 
E.N.E.  of  Carmarthen,  on  the  Towy,  here  crossed  by  an 
elegant  bridge.  Pop.  1470.  Near  it  is  Grongar  Hill,  where 
the  last  struggle  was  made  for  the  independence  of  Wales 
in  1282,  also  the  seat  of  Lord  Dynevor,  and  Golden  Grove, 
the  seat  of  Earl  Cawdor. 

Llando'very,  a  borough  of  Wales,  co.  and  24  miles  by 
rail  E.N.E.  of  Carmarthen,  on  the  Bran,  here  crossed  by  2 
bridges.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  near  the  Towy,  and  has 
picturesque  remains  of  a  Norman  castle.     Pop.  1861. 

Llandrin'dod,  a  village  of  AVales,  co.  of  Radnor,  9 
miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Builth.  Three  mineral  springs 
have  long  rendered  it  a  great  resort  for  invalids. 

Llandud'no,  a  town  of  Wales,  co.  of  Carnarvon,  on 
two  bays  of  the  Irish  Sea,  4  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Con- 
way. The  lofty  cliffs  and  sea-worn  caverns  of  the  promon- 
tory of  Gogarth  are  in  this  parish,  which  contains  also 
monuments  of  early  cyclopcin  architecture,  and  copper- 
mines.     It  is  a  favorite  summer  resort.     Pop.  2762. 

Llandysil,  Lan-dis'il,  a  town  of  Wales,  co.  of  Cardigan, 
on  the  Tela,  12  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Lampeter.  Pop.  of 
parish,  2954. 

Llanelly,  Lan-6<A7ee,  a  seaport  town  of  Wales,  on  a 
creek  of  Carmarthen  Bay,  at  a  railway  junction,  co.  and  15 
miles  S.E.  of  Carmarthen.  It  has  tin-  and  copper-works 
and  iron-foundries.  Coal  is  brought  by  railway  from  the 
rich  adjacent  mines,  and  is  largely  exported.  Chief  im- 
ports, copper  ore  from  Cornwall.  The  trade  is  facilitnted  by 
commodious  docks  and  by  canal.  Llanelly  is  connected  by 
canal  with  Kidwelly.  It  unites  with  Carmarthen  in  re- 
turning a  member  to  Parliament.     Pop.  14,073. 

Llanercli-y-Mcdd,  Lan'erk-d-mfiTn,  atown  and  par- 
ish of  Wales,  CO.  of  Anglesey,  7  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Amlwch. 

Llanes,  li'nis,  a  town  and  port  of  Spain,  Asturias,  60 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Oviedo.     Pop.  1250. 

Llanfair,  a  town  of  Wales.    See  Builth. 

Llanfair  Carcinion,  Lan'vir  kar-i'ne-on,  a  town  of 
Wales,  CO.  and  10  miles  N.W.  of  Montgomery.     Pop.  2485. 


Llanfochel,  LRn-vjK'<!l,  a  parish  and  town  of  Wnlei 
CO.  of  Anglesey,  5  miles  W.S.W.  of  Amlwch.     Pop.  89T.  ' 

Llanfyllin,  Lan-vir/t7in,  a  borough  of  WaIcK,  co.  and 
16i  miles  (30  miles  by  rail)  N.N.W.  of  Montgomery,  on  tli« 
Cain.  It  contributes  in  sending  one  member  to  the  lieuM 
of  Commons.     Pop.  1132. 

Llangad'ock,  a  town  and  parish  of  South  Wales  c», 
of  Carmarthen,  on  the  Towy,  6i  miles  by  rail  8.wl  of 
Llandovery.     Pop.  2830. 

Llangefni,  uin-ghfifnoe,  a  borough  of  Wales,  oo.  of 
Angle!<ey,  22  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Holyhead.    Pop.  1222. 

Llangollen,  Lan-gorA'<^n,  a  town  of  Wales,  oo.  of 
Denbigh,  on  the  Dee,  here  crossed  by  a  fine  ancient  bridge 
26  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Shrewsbury.  It  is  situated  in  a 
vale  enclosed  by  lofty  mountains,  is  admired  for  its  sccnerr 
and  has  coal-mines,  manufactures  of  cloths,  flannels,  in>a> 
ware,  beer,  Ac.  In  the  vicinity  are  many  intereatiaf  i*. 
mains  of  antiquity.     Pop.  2798.  mi 

Llangorse  Lake,  Wales.    See  BnECKisroc  Mkiie. 

Llanidloes,  i,an'id-less,  a  borough  of  AVales,  co.  und 
19  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Montgomery,  on  the  Severn. 
It  has  manufactures  of  flannel  and  other  woollen  stuffs,  atni 
a  fine  parish  church.  It  contributes  in  sending  one  mem- 
ber to  the  House  of  Commons.     Pop.  3428. 

Llano,  li'no,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  TesM, 
has  an  area  of  about  900  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Colorado  River,  and  intersected  by  the  Llano 
River,  which  enters  the  Colorado  in  this  county.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating,  and  extensively  covered  with  fureito. 
The  soil  produces  pasture  for  many  cattle.  Ca])ital,  Lhun. 
Pop.  in  1870,  1379;  in  1880,  4962;  in  1890,  6772. 

Llano,  a  flourishing  post-village,  capital  of  Llnnoeo. 
Tex.,  on  a  river  of  the  sauie  name,-about  70  miles  N.W. of 
Austin,  and  30  miles  W.  of  Burnet  Station  of  iho  Austin 
&  Northwestern  Railroad.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Llano  Estacado,  I&'no  es-t&-k&'do,  or  Staked 
Plain,  a  largo  plateau  in  Northwestern  Texas  and  in  the 
E.  part  of  New  Mexico,  said  to  be  named  from  the  stalki 
of  yucca  plants  growing  on  it.  It  is  dry  and  nearly  wood- 
less, and  has  an  area  exceeding  40,000  square  miles.  In 
the  N.  its  general  elevation  is  about  5000  feet,  but  in  th« 
S.  it  is  not  over  1000  feet  high. 

Llano  River,  Texas,  drains  part  of  Kimble  co.,  runi 
eastward  through  the  cos.  of  Mason  and  Llano,  and  enten 
the  Colorado  River  about  15  miles  S.W.  of  Burnet.  It  ii 
about  175  mijes  long. 

Llanos,  iH'noce,  vast  steppes  or  plains  of  South  Amer- 
ica, chiefly  in  the  basin  of  the  Orinoco,  Venezuela,  covered 
with  luxuriant  grass,  and  grazed  by  immense  herds  of  cattle. 
The  inhabitants  are  herdsmen,  called  Llanerot. 

Llanqnihue,  lin-ke'wd.,  a  province  of  Chili,  extend- 
ing from  the  Andes  to  the  sea,  and  having  on  the  S.  the 
Gulf  of  Ancud  and  the  strait  which  separates  the  N.  end  of 
Chiloe  from  the  mainland.  Area,  6997  square  miles.  It 
has  a  cool  and  rainy  climate,  abounds  in  coal  and  timber, 
and  is  but  sparsely  peopled.  It  takes  its  name  from  a  lake, 
the  largest  in  Chili.    Chief  town,  Puerto  Montt.    P.  48,492. 

Llaurwst,  Lan'roost,  a  town  of  Wales,  cos.  of  Denbigh 
and  Carnarvon,  12  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Conway,  is  situated 
on  both  sides  of  the  navigable  river  Conway.  The  town 
is  in  a  spacious  vale,  and  has  an  elegant  bridge  from  a 
design  of  Inigo  Jones,  a  church  of  the  same  architect,  and 
the  tomb  of  Llewellyn,  last  Celtic  prince  of  Wales.  It  hu 
also  a  manufactory  of  harps.     Pop.  of  parish,  4172. 

Llansa,  Iin's.\,  a  town  of  Spain,  Catalonia,  32  miles  by 
rail  N.E.  by  N.  of  Gerona,  on  the  Mediterranean.    P.  1578. 

Llantris'scnt,  a  town  of  Wales,  co.  of  Glamorgan,  at 
a  railway  junction,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Cardiff.  Coal,  iron, 
and  lead  are  wrought  in  the  parish.  The  borough  unitM 
with  Cardiff  and  Cowbridge  in  sending  a  member  to  file 
House  of  Commons.     Pop.  2039. 

Llanvrecliva,  i,an-vrcK'vd,  a  town  of  England,  co.W 
Monmouth,  3  miles  N.  of  Newport.     Pop.  2552. 

Llerena,  lA.-ri.'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  {2 
miles  S.E.  of  Badajos.  Pop.  6200.  It  is  ill  built  andin 
decay.     Principal  buildings,  2  churches  and  a  hospital.  ' 

Llers,  lains,  formerly  El  Percllo,  h\  pi-ril'y*  » 
town  of  Spain,  Catalonia,  30  miles  from  (ierona.    P.  14M. 

Llewellyn,  lew-61'lin,  a  village  of  Delaware  co.,  re, 
in  Aston  township,  1  mile  from  Lenni  Station,  and  6  milei 
N.W.  of  Chester.  It  has  a  public  hall  and  a  manufactory 
of  cotton  and  woollen  goods.     Pop.  about  400. 

Llewellyn,  a  post-village  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Branch  township,  5  miles  W.S.W.  of  Pottsvillc,  and  2  milei 
from  Minersville.     It  is  on  a  branch  of  the  Reading  Rail- 
road, and  has  2  churches.   Coal  is  mined  here. 
LI eyda,  a  city  of  Spain.    SocLerida. 


LLO 


1675 


•LOC 


,  Llobregat,  Io-bi-4-git',  a  river  of  Spain,  Catalonia, 
inters  the  Oi  ulf  of  Rosas  near  the  French  frontier.  Length, 
to  miles. 

Llobregat  Rubricatos,  lo-bri-git'  roo-bro-k4'toce, 
Iriverof  Spain,  Catalonia,  enters  the  iMediterranean  3  miles 
L  of  Barcelona,  after  a  S.  course  of  80  miles. 
)  Lloret,  io'rdt,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  26  miles 
i.  of  Gerona,  on  the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  4170. 
r  Llosa-de-Ranes,  io'sl-dA-ri'nds,  a  village  of  Spain, 
jrovince  and  25  miles  S.  of  Valencia.     Pop.  1869. 
j  Lloseta,  io-s4't3,,  a  town  of  Spain,  on  the  island  of 
ilajorca,  district  of  Inca.     Pop.  1286. 
I  Lloughor,  a  borough  of  AVales.    Sec  Castel-Llychwb. 

Lloyd,  Florida.    See  Bailey's  Mill. 

Lloyd,  a  township  of  Dickinson  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  133. 
I  Lloyd,  or  Loyd,  a  post-township  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y., 
•bout  18  miles  N.  of  Newburg,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
■ludson  River.     Pop.  2584. 

i  Lloyd,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  on  Pine  Creek, 
•bout  30  miles  N.W.  of  Williamsport.  It  has  2  saw-mills. 
j  Lloyd,  a  post-office  of  Denton  co.,  Tex. 

Lloyd's,  a  station  in  Garrett  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Baltimore 
f  Ohio  Railroad,  12  miles  AV.  of  Altamont. 
I  Lloyds,  a  post-hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  Va.,  25  miles  E.  of 
|[ilford  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

I  Lloyd's  Neck,  a  peninsula  on  Long  Island,  between 
fygtor  Bay  and  Huntington  Harbor. 

I  Lloyd'town,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  8  miles 
jT.  of  Klineburg.  It  has  several  stores,  a  flour-,  saw-,  and 
iirding-mill,  and  manufactories  of  agricultural  implements, 
ftbinet-ware,  bricks,  <fec.     Pop.  400. 

i  Lloyd'viile,  a  post-office  and  mining  village  of  Cam- 
jria  CO.,  Pa.,  in  White  township,  about  14  miles  N.  of  Al- 
Dona.  It  is  the  terminus  of  Bell's  Gap  Railroad,  which  is 
'  miles  long  and  connects  with  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad 
^  Bellwood.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

I  LIubi,  loo'bee,  or  CastelNLlubi,  k3,8-t£l'-loo'bcc,  a 
>wn  of  Majorca,  near  Inca.     Pop.  1955. 
t  Llumayor,  ioo-mi-ou',  or  Lluchmayor,  look-mi-or', 
[town  of  Majorca,  17  miles  E.S.E.  of  Palma.     Pop.  8526. 
f  has  manufactures  of  woollens  and  linens. 
j  Llyn  Safaddu,  Wales.     See  Bbeckinioc  Mere. 
j  Loa,  lo'i,  a  seaport  town  of  Peru,  lat.  21°  30'  S.,  Ion. 
p°  W.,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Loa  River,  which  falls  into  the 
[acific,  after  a  course  of  180  miles,  in  the  latter  part  of 
jhioh  it  foruis  the  boundary  between  Peru  and  Bolivia. 
ILo^achapo'ka,  or  Lo^chapo'ka,  a  post-village  of 
fee  CO.,  Ala.,  on  the  AVestern  Railroad  of  Alabama,  53 
(iios  E.N.E.  of  Montgomery. 

iLoag,  log,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  about  17 
liles  W.  of  Phoenixville. 

\  Loami,  lo-am'i,  a  post-village  of  Sangamon  co.,  III.,  in 
ioami  township,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  2 
iiurches,  a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  lum- 
pr,  and  ploughs.  Pop.  (1890)  383;  of  the  township,  1542. 
JLoanda,  lo-in'di,  a  former  province  of  the  Portuguese 
^lony  of  Angola,  West  Africa,  now  constitutes  the  districts 
I  Congo  and  Ambriz.  It  was  named  from  the  small  island 
f  Loanda,  which  shelters  the  port  of  St.  P-aul  de  Loanda. 
jLoanda,  an  island  of  Africa,  immediately  o£F  the  coast 
l'  Angola,  and  opposite  the  town  of  St.  Paul  de  Loanda. 
fingth,  18  miles;  breadth,  1  mile. 

lLoaiigo,lo-ang'go,  a  country  of  Africa,  extending  along 
i.e  coast  of  the  Atlantic  from  the  equator  to  the  Congo 
ree  State,  which  separates  it  from  the  river  Congo  on  the 
i;  but  a  better  usage  restricts  the  name  to  a  relatively 
pall  district  near  the  Congo,  but  separated  from  it.  Sur- 
Ice  flat  and  very  fertile  on  the  coasts,  interior  little  known, 
be  inhabitants  are  very  superstitious.  The  country  is 
(ostly  under  the  French  flag  :  it  is  governed  by  chiefs,  is 
illy  and  thinly  wooded,  and  exports  palm  oil,  gums,  wax, 
rchil,  copper,  ivory,  <tc.  Loango.  a  port,  is  on  the  coast, 
I  lat.  4°  39'  S.,  Ion.  12°  17'  E.  The  houses  are  shaded  by 
dm-  and  plantain-trccs,  and  the  town  is  said  to  bo  10 
iiles  in  circumference.  The  Bay  of  Loango  is  rocky  and 
Ivngerous. 

iLoang'wa,  a  large  river  of  Africa,  rises  in  certain 
Ighlands  N.W.  of  the  Nyassa,  flows  S.W.,  and  joins  the 
imbezi  at  Zumbo.     It  traverses  a  level  and  fertile  plain. 
;Loan'head,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  6  miles 
[3.E.  of  Edinburgh.     Pop.  1759. 

jLoauo,  lo-i'no  (Ital.  Lovano,  lo-vi'no),  a  village  of 
faly,  on  the  Gulf  of  Genoa,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Albenga. 
Dp.  3502. 
iLobachsville,  lo'biks-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co., 

I.,  about  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Reading. 

Lobagur,  lo-bi-giir',  a  fortified  post  of  British  India, 


32  miles  N.W.  of  Almora,  in  lat.  29"  67'  N.,  Ion.  79"  18' 
E.,  and  6460  feet  above  the  sea. 

Lobat,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Lev  at. 

Lobau,  lo'bow,  an  island  of  Lower  Austria,  in  the  Dan- 
ube, 5  miles  E.S.E.  of  Vienna. 

Lobau,  lo'bow,  a  town  of  Saxony,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Bautzen,  on  the  Saxon-Silcsian  Railway.     Pop.  5852. 

Lobau  (Polish,  Lubaioa,  loo-bi'w4),  a  town  of  West 
Prussia,  38  miles  E.S.E.  of  Marienwerder,  on  two  small 
rivers.     Pop.  4506.     It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth. 

Lobbes,  lob  or  lob'b§s,  a  village  of  Belgium,  10  milos 
S.W.  of  Charleroi,  on  the  Sambre.     Pop.  2800. 

Lo'beck,  a  station  in  Wyoming  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Mon- 
trose Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Tunkhannock. 

Lobeid,  a  town  of  Kordofan.    See  Obeid. 

L5bejun,  lo'b4-yiin\  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Merseburg.     Pop.  3222. 

Lo'belville,a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co.,  Tenn.,  on  Buf- 
falo River,  about  16  miles  N.  of  Linden. 

Lobendau,  lo'b^n-dow^  a  village  of  Bohemia,  86  milea 
N.N.E.  of  Leituieritz.     Pop.  1850. 

Lobenstein,  lo'bQn-stine',  a  town  of  Reuss-Schleitz, 
Germany,  on  the  Lemnitz,  here  joined  by  the  Kosel,  12 
miles  S.S.AV.  of  Schleitz.     Pop.  2780. 

Lobnik,  lob'nik,  a  village  of  Austria,  Moravia,  16  milca 
from  Freud enthal.     Pop.  1150. 

Lob  Nor,  a  lake  of  Central  Asia.    See  Lop  Non. 

Lo'bo,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  on  tha 
Ox  Bow  River,  11  miles  W.N.AV.  of  London.  It  has  a  saw- 
and  flour-mill,  a  woollen-factory,  a  brick-field,  and  2  checso- 
factories.     Pop.  100. 

Lobon,  lo-Bon'  (anc.  Licon  f),  a  town  of  Spain,  Estr«- 
madura,  18  miles  E.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  1435. 

Lobos,  lo'boce,  an  island  of  South  America,  ofi'  the  S. 
coast  of  Uruguay,  N.  side  of  the  entrance  to  the  estuary  of 
the  Rio  de  la  Plata,     Lat.  35°  1'  S. ;  Ion.  54°  39'  W. 

Lobos,  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  California,  coast  of 
Mexico.     Lat.  (S.W.  point)  27°  15'  N.;  Ion.  110°  46'  W. 

Lobos,  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  province  of  Vera 
Cruz.     Lat.  21°  26'  N.;  Ion.  97°  8'  W. 

Lobos,  one  of  the  smaller  of  the  Canaries,  near  the  N. 
point  of  Fuerteventura.     Lat.  28°  45'  N.;  Ion.  13°  48'  W. 

Lobos,  a  small  island  in  the  Atlantic,  near  Capo  Blanco, 
N.W.  coast  of  Africa.     Lat.  21°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  17°  W. 

Lobos  Islands,  Peru.    See  Seal  Islands. 

Lobositz,  lo'bo-sits,  or  Lobosycze,  lo-bo-sitch'A, 
written  also  Lowosits,  lo'vo-sits\  a  town  of  Bohemia,  4 
miles  W.S.W,  of  Leitmeritz,  on  the  Elbe.     Pop.  2209. 

Lobscns,  lob's^ns  (Polish,  Lolzeniko,  lob-zhi-noc'ko), 
a  town  of  Prussian  Poland,  34  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Bromberg, 
on  the  Lobsonka.     Pop.  2763 

Loburg,  lo'bSono,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  18  miles 
E.  of  Magdeburg,  on  the  Ehle.     Pop.  2160, 

Locaiia,  lo-ki'nd,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Turi% 
25  miles  W.  of  Ivrea.     Pop.  5874. 

Lo^capil'ly,  a  town  of  India,  Nizam's  don^inione,  82 
miles  S.W.  of  Hyderabad. 

Locarno,  lo-kau'no  (Ger.  LuggaruB,  loo-gS,'roos),  a 
town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Ticino,  of  which  it  is  one 
of  the  three  capitals,  on  the  Lago  Maggiore,  near  its  N. 
extremity,  8  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Bellinzona.     Pop.  2667. 

Locarno,  Lake  of,  Italy.    See  Lago  Maggioue. 

Locate,  lo-ki'td,Lokate-Triulzi,lo-ki'tA.-tre-oor- 
zee,  or  Locate  San  Vittore,  lo-k4'td  sin  vit-to'ri,  a 
town  of  Italy,  province  and  8  miles  S.  of  Milan,  on  the 
Lambro,     Pop.  2133. 

Loccum,  lok'koom,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  26 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Hanover.     Pop.  1664. 

Lochaber,  loK-i'b^r,  a  wild  and  mountainous  district 
of  Scotland,  co.  of  Inverness,  in  the  vicinity  of  Lochs 
Linnhc,  Leven,  and  Eil. 

Loch  Achray,loK  as-ri',  a  small  picturesque  lake  of 
Scotland,  co.  of  Perth,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Stirling. 

Lochapoka,  Lee  co.,  Ala.    See  Loaciiapoka. 

Locharbor,  loK-ar'bor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ouachita 
parish,  La.,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Monroe.     It  has  a  church. 

Loch  Archaig,  Iok  ar-kaig',  a  beautiful  lake  of  Scot- 
land, CO.  of  Inverness,  district  of  Lochaber,  1  mile  W.  of 
Loch  Lochy.     Length,  about  17  miles. 

Loch  Ard,  Iok  ard,  a  small  and  fine  lake  of  Scotland, 
CO.  of  Perth,  2  miles  AV.  of  Aberfoyle,  and  one  of  the  sources 
of  the  river  Forth. 

Lochar  Moss,  loK'ar  moss,  a  morass  of  Scotland,  ca. 
of  Dumfries,  extending  from  the  Solway  Firth,  N.AV. 
Length,  10  miles ;  breadth,  from  2  to  3  miles. 

Loch'artyille,  a  post-settlement  in  Kings  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  near  the  Avon,  2J  miles  from  Hantsport.     Pop.  27fti 


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LOO 


'  •ItOOh  AvODy  loK  I'von,  a  small  lake  of  Scotland,  eo.  of 
Banff,  and  at  itaS.E.  extromity,  enolosod  by  tho  lofty  moun- 
tains Cairngorm  and  liep-Muodhui.  Aven  or  Avon  i«  tho 
name  of  several  Sootoh  rivers. 

liOch  Awe,  luK  aw,  a  lake  of  Scotland,  oo.  of  Argylo, 
8  uilos  N.W.  of  Invorary.  Length,  from  S.W.  to  N.H., 
23  miles;  average  breadth,  1  mile.  It  ountaina  an  island 
^ith  a  ruino<l  monastery.  It  receives  the  waters  of  tho 
IJrohan  Kivor  and  Loch  Avioh,  and  it  disohargoa  its  own 
by  tho  river  Awe  into  Looh  Etive.  Uoncruaohan  Moun- 
tain, 3670  foot  in  elevation,  rises  on  the  N.W. 

LiOch  Broom  is  an  extensive  arm  of  the  sea,  between 
the  cos.  of  lloss  and  Cromarty,  lat.  58°  N.,  Ion.  6°  la' 
AV.,  containing  numerous  islands.  Littlb  Locii  Uroom  is 
an  inlot  on  the  S.  side. 

Loch^broom',  a  settlement  in  Pictou  oo.,  Nova  Scotia, 
on  tho  S.E.  side  of  Pictou  liarbor,  8  miles  from  Pictou. 

Lochcarron,  loK-kfkr'r^n,  a  parish  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Ross,  on  an  inlet  of  the  ocean  of  the  same  name,  about  37 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Fort  Augustus.  It  has  the  remains  of  a 
castle  of  the  Macdonalds. 

Loch  Corris'kiu,  a  small  lake  of  Scotland,  in  the 
Isle  of  Skyo,  near  its  S.  coast,  12i  miles  S.  of  Portree. 
Length,  2  miles.     It  is  deep,  and  noted  for  its  wild  scenery. 

Loch  Coruishk,  Iok  ko-roo'ishk,  a  small  lake  of  Scot- 
land, Isle  of  Skye,  12  miles  S.  of  Portree,  from  1  to  2  miles 
in  length  by  ^  mile  in  breadth. 

liOch  Creran,  Iok  kreo'ran,  an  inlet  of  the  soa,  on  tho 
W.  coast  of  Scotland,  extending  S.E.  from  Loch  Linnhe. 

liOch  Crinan,  Iok  kree'nan,  a  small  arm  of  the  sea  in 
Scotland,  on  the  W.  coast,  about  5  miles  E.  of  the  N.  end 
of  the  island  of  Jura.  At  the  bead  of  the  loch  is  the  en- 
trance to  the  Crinan  Canal. 

Loch  DooU)  loK  doon,  of  Scotland,  22  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Ayr,  is  about  5  miles  in  length,  and  j{  of  a  mile  in  breadth. 
It  is  enclosed  by  mountains,  and  has  an  islet  on  which  are 
the  ruins  of  a  castle. 

Loch  Sariif  Iok  inn,  a  lake  of  Scotland,  co.  and  24 
miles  W.  of  Perth.  Circumference,  about  19  miles.  Depth 
said  to  bo  100  fathoms.  Benvoirlich  is  the  loftiest  of  the 
mountains  surrounding  this  lake. 

Loch  Earn,  a  river  issuing  from  the  above  lake,  flows 
E.  through  the  rich  valley  of  Strathearn,  and  joins  the  Tay, 
after  a  course  of  30  miles,  near  Abernethy.  It  is  navigable 
for  vessels  of  50  tons  to  the  Bridge  of  Earn,  a  small  water- 
ing-place, 3  miles  E.S.E.  of  Perth. 

Loch  Eck,  loK  6k,  a  lake  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Argyle, 
between  Lochs  Long  and  Fyne.     Length,  7  miles. 

Lochee,  loK'ee,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Forfar, 
within  the  limits  of  Dundee.  It  has  jute-  and  flax-mills. 
Pop.  10,812. 

Loch  £il,  loK  eel,  a  salt-water  lake  of  Scotland,  form- 
ing the  upper  part  of  Looh  Linnhe,  on  the  borders  of  the 
counties  of  Argyle  and  Inverness. 

Lochem,  loK'§m,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Qelder- 
land,  9  miles  B.  of  Zutphen.     Pop.  2214. 

Loch  Eriboll,  Iok  dr'e-boll,  an  arm  of  tbe  sea  on  the 
K.  coast  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Sutherland.  It  is  about  10 
miles  in  length. 

Loch  Ericht,  Iok  ir'iKt,  a  lake  of  Scotland,  cos.  of 
.Perth  and  Inverness.  Length,  14  miles ;  breadth,  1  mile. 
It  lies  in  a  vast  uninhabited  district,  the  wildest  and  most 
inaccessible  in  Scotland. 

LocheS)  losh  (ano.  Lochia  f),  a  town  of  France,  in  In- 
dre-et-Loire,  on  the  Indre,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Tours.  Pop. 
3689.  It  stands  on  a  declivity  crowned  by  its  old  castle, 
tbe  state  prison  of  Louis  XI. 

Loch  Etive,  Iok  6t'iv,  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantic,  on  the 
W.  coast  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Argyle.  Length,  about  20 
miles ;  breadth,  often  very  narrow.     Scenery,  beautiful. 

Loch  Eavc,  Iok  yoo,  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantic,  on  the 
W.  coast  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ross.  It  is  connected  by  a 
short  river  with  Loch  Maree. 

Loch  Fad,  Iok  fad,  a  lake  of  Scotland,  Isle  of  Bute,  1 
mile  S.E.  of  Rothesay.     Length,  5  miles. 

Loch  Fyne  (or  Fine),  Iok  fin,  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  in 
Scotland,  co.  of  Argyle,  commencing  between  the  islands 
of  Bute  and  Arran,  and  running  up  between  the  districts 
of  Kintyre  and  Cowal  for  about  40  miles,  with  an  average 
breadth  of  about  5  miles.  The  town  of  Inverary  stands 
near  tbe  head  of  this  loch. 

Loch  Garry,  Iok  gir'roe,  a  small  lake  of  Scotland,  co. 
of  Perth,  in  the  wild  district  of  Athol.  The  river  Garry, 
flowing  from  this  lake,  after  an  impetuous  E.S.E.  course 
of  20  miles,  joins  tho  Tummel  about  5  miles  S.E.  of  Athol. 
,  Loch  Garry,  a  post-village  in  Glengarry  co.,  Ontario, 
8  miles  from  Alexandria.     Pop.  100. 


IIUS.        J'UI).    ^-iUD. 

Lochsilp  Head,  loK-gilp'  hfiil,  a  burgh  of  SootUnd, 
of  Argyle,  on  Looh  llilp,  a  branch  of  Loch  Fyne,  19 
es  W.S.W.  of  Inverary,     Poi>.  1(142.     It  hiis  an  asvlum 


Loch-Gellf,  loK-ghil'lee,  a  village  of  Sootlaad,  ««, 
of  Fife,  7  miles  by  rail  E.N.U.  of  Dunfermline,  with  ooal 
mines.     Pop.  2496. 

Loch^ilp 

00.  of 

miles  ^v.^.w.  oj  inverary,  I'op.  itUL'.  It  hiis  an  asylum 
a  prison,  and  stoam  communication  with  Glasgow,  anj  (g 
the  sent  of  the  Anglican  bishop  of  Argylo. 

Loch  Grannoch,  Iuk  grAn'noK,  a  lake  of  Scotland, 
stcwartry  of  Kirkcudbright.  Length,  about  3  miles;  breadth, 
i  mile.  It  is  extremely  deep,  and  abounds  with  the  invH 
trout  and  char. 

Loch  Gruinard,  Iok  grU'nard,  a  bay  and  inlet  of  8oot< 
land,  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  the  co.  of  Ross,  between  Loohi 
Broome  and  Ewe. 

Loch  Hourn,  Iok  hoorn,  an  inlet  of  Scotland,  eo.  of 
Inverness,  stretching  inland  from  the  Sound  of  Skye  for  U 
miles.     At  its  mouth  it  is  5  miles  across. 

Lochiel,  lo-kecl',  a  station  in  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  on  tht 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  14  miles  S.E.  of  HarriKburg. 

Lochiel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Lewis, 
burg  Centre  <fc  Spruce  Creek  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of  Lewis. 
burg. 

Lochiel,  a  post-office  of  Dunn  co.,  AVis. 

Lochinoch,  a  village  of  Scotland.     See  LocnwiNNOCi, 

Lochinvar,  loK-in-var',  a  lake  of  Scotland,  stcwartry 
of  Kirkcudbriglit.  Circuit,  .S  miles.  Here  are  remains  of  s 
cnstle  of  the  Gordons,  knights  of  Lochinvar,  built  on  so 
islflnd  in  the  lake. 

Loch  Katrine,  Iok  ka'trin  (or  kat'rin),  written  also 
Catcran,  Katherin,  or  Keturin,  a  lake  of  Scotland, 
in  the  S.W.  part  of  the  county  of  Perth,  9i  miles  W,  of  CsU 
lander,  and  5  miles  E.  of  Loch  Lomond.  Length,  10  miles; 
breadth,  2  miles.  It  is  deep,  and  surrounded  by  lofty 
mountains  and  rocky  wooded  ravines.  It  supplies  Glasgow 
with  water.  Its  waters  are  discharged  at  its  K.  end  (whers 
is  the  celebrated  pass  of  the  Trosachs)  by  a  stream  which 
flows  into  Loch  Achray.  Tho  glowing  descriptions  of  Sir 
Walter  Scott,  in  "  The  Lady  of  the  Lake,"  first  drew  publio 
attention  to  this  romantic  region. 

Loch  Leven,  Iok  Idv'^n,  of  Scotland,  is  in  tbe  eonnty 
of  Kinross.  Circuit,  about  11  miles.  It  contains  several 
islands,  on  one  of  which,  near  Kinross,  are  the  remains  of 
a  famous  castle,  in  which  Mary  Queen  of  Scots  was  confined 
in  1567-8,  and  from  which  she  made  her  escape  shortly  be- 
fore the  battle  of  Langsido. 

Loch  Leven,  a  narrow  arm  of  Loch  Linnhe,  from 
which  it  stretches  E.  for  12  miles,  between  the  counties  of 
Argyle  and  Inverness.  On  its  S.  side  is  the  wild  vale  of 
Glencoe. 

Loch  Leven,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co..  Miss. 

Loch'leven,  a  post-office  of  Lunenburg  co.,  Va. 

Loch  Linnhe,  Iok  Iin'nee,  a  large  inlot  of  the  sea,  on 
the  W.  coast  of  Scotland,  between  the  cos.  of  Argylo  and 
Inverness,  joining  Loch  Eil  on  the  N.  Length,  20  miles; 
breadth,  8  miles.  Its  branches  are  Lochs  Etive,  Creran, 
and  Leven. 

Loch  Lochy,  Iok  loK'ec,  a  lake  of  Scotland,  co.  of  In* 
verness,  forming  one  of  the  chain  of  lakes  of  the  Great 
Caledonian  Glen.     Length,  about  9  miles;  breadth,  1  mila 

Loch  Lomond,  Iok  lo'm9nd,  the  largest  lake  of  Scot- 
land, between  the  cos.  of  Stirling  and  Dumbarton,  6  milsil 
N.  of  Dumbarton,  and  16  miles  N.W.  of  Glasgow.  Length, 
N,  to  S.,  nearly  21  miles;  greatest  breadth,  7  to  8  miles^ 
narrowing  to  1  mile  at  the  N.  end.  Area,  40  square  mile!. 
It  is  studded  with  islands,  and  surrounded  by  mountaiifl 
and  valleys,  displaying  striking  scenes  of  grandeur  ani 
beauty.  It  receives  the  Endrick,  Luss,  Fruin,  and  othsir 
streams,  and  discharges  its  superfluous  waters  at  its  S.  s»- 
tremity  into  the  Firth  of  Clyde,  by  the  river  Leven.  Scversl 
fine  seats  and  ancient  ruins  adorn  the  shores  of  this  lakl^ 
on  which  steamers  ply  for  the  accommodation  of  touristic 
Seo  Ben-Lomoxp, 

Loch  Lo'mond,  a  post-offico  of  Goochland  co.,  Va 

Loch  Lo'mond,  a  post-hamlet  in  Richmond  co.,  Novs 
Scotia,  on  Loch  Lomond,  37  miles  from  Sydney.    Pop.  100. 

Loch  Long,  a  branch  of  the  Firth  of  Clyde,  Scotland, 
extending  N.,  opposite  Gourock,  for  20  miles,  between  the 
COS.  of  Argyle  and  Dumbarton.  Breadth,  1  to  2  miles; 
depth,  15  to  20  fathoms.  At  its  head  is  Arrochar,  to  which 
steamers  ply  from  Glasgow. 

Loch  Long,  or  Loch  Ling,  a  branch  of  Loch  Alsh, 
CO.  of  Ross,  between  Loch  Alsh  parish  and  Kintail. 

Lochmaben,  loK-m4'b?n,  a  borough  of  Scotland,  co. 
and  8  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Dumfries.  It  is  beautifally 
situated  on  rising  ground,  and  encircled  by  a  chain  of  8 
small  lakes.    It  has  ruins  of  the  castle  of  Robert  Bruce,    li 


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1677 


LOG 


)ins  with  Dumfries,  Annan,  Kirkcudbright,  and  Sanquhar 
I  sending  one  member  to  Parliament.     Pop.  1244. 
Loch  Maddy,  Iok  mid'dee,  a  large  bay  of  Scotland, 
!  the  Hebrides,  on  the  B.  side  of  the  island  of  North  Uist. 
I  has  numerous  branches,  and  a  central  group  of  islands. 
iLoch  Maree,  Iok  mi-ree',  a  lake  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
OSS,  near  the  W.  coast.     Length,  20  miles.     It  is  studded 
Uh  islands,  and  is  surrounded  by  the  wildest  scenery. 
ho  Ewe  carries  its  superfluous  waters  N.W.  into  Lake  Ewe. 
fLoch-Na-Gar,  loK'-n<a-gar',  a  mountain  of  Scotland, 
.  of  Aberdeen,  Grampian  range.     Height,  3777  feet. 
Loch-Na"Sealg,  loK^-na-sailg',  a  lake  of  Scotland, 
Is.  of  Ross  and  Cromarty,  32  miles  W.N.W.  of  Dingwall, 
miles  long  by  1  mile  broad. 

'Loch  Naver,  Iok  ni'var,  a  lake  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
itherland,  near  its  centre.  Length,  6  miles. 
iLoch  Ness,  Iok  n6ss,  a  lake  of  Scotland,  co.  and  6  miles 
'fVf.  of  Inverness,  forming  a  portion  of  the  Caledonian 
j,nal.  Length,  about  23  miles ;  average  breadth,  IJ  miles. 
I  discharges  itself  into  the  Moray  Firth  by  the  river  Ness, 
Smiles  in  length. 

ILoch  Oich,  loK  oik,  a  lake  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Inver- 
iiss,  forming  the  summit-level  of  the  Caledonian  Canal, 
iength,  from  N.E.  to  S.W.,  6  miles ;  average  breadth,  1 
jile.  It  receives  the  Glengarry  River,  .and  empties  itself 
Ito  Loch  Ness  by  the  river  Oich.  At  the  mouth  of  the 
lengarry  stand  the  ruins  of  an  old  castle,  and  near  it  is  the 
'resent  mansion  of  Invergarry. 

Loch  Rannoch,  Iok  ran'noK,  a  lake  of  Scotland,  co. 
r  Perth,  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Athol.  Length,  9  miles ; 
rcadth,  2  miles.  It  is  enclosed  by  high  mountains,  and 
Itntains  two  islands.  Its  superfluous  waters  are  carried  E. 
(to  an  affluent  of  the  Tay.  The  villages  of  George's  Town 
'id  Kinloch-Rannoch  are  at  either  extremity. 
iLochrutton,  loK-rfit'ton,  a  parish  of  Scotland,  5  miles 
r.S.W.  of  Dumfries.  It  has  a  fine  lake,  remains  of  several 
'wers,  and  a  Druidical  circle. 

!Loch  Ryan,  Iok  rl'an,  a  bay  of  Scotland,  in  its  S.W. 
Vrt,  commences  at  the  entrance  of  the  Firth  of  Clyde, 
jiarly  opposite  the  Mull  of  Kintyre,  and  projects  10  miles 
[S.E.  Average  breadth,  about  2  miles.  It  forms  a  safe 
!id  commodious  harbor  for  the  largest  fleet. 
ILoch  Seaforth,  Iok  sce'forth,  an  arm  of  the  sea  in  the 
Hebrides,  in  Scotland,  partially  divides  Lewis  from  Harris. 
[Loch  SheI'drake,  apost-haralet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y., 
j  Fallsburg  township,  3  miles  from  Hurlcyville. 
'Loch  Shin,  Iok  shin,  a  lake  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Suther- 
•nd,  parish  of  Lairg,  from  which  village  it  extends  for 
bout  17  miles  N.W.,  by  1  mile  in  breadth.  It  discharges 
i!  surplus  waters  southward  into  the  Oikel. 
Lochside,  loK'sId,  a  post-hamlet  on  Loch  Lomond 
'ike,  Richmond  co..  Cape  Breton  Island,  69  miles  from 
ort  Hawkesbury.     Pop.  100. 

|Loch  (Iok)  Sker'row,  a  highly  picturesque  lake  of 
jotland,  in  Kirkcudbrightshire,  8  miles  N.  of  Gatehouse, 
jmiles  in  circuit,  and  studded  with  richly-wooded  islands. 
jLoch  Sunart,  Iok  soo'nart,  an  inlet  of  the  sea  on  the 
[.  coast  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Argyle,  between  Ardnamurchan 
1  the  N.  and  Morven  and  the  island  of  Mull  on  the  S. 
jength,  22  miles ;  breadth,  4  miles  at  its  communication  S. 
Sth  the  Sound  of  Mull.  It  contains  Oransay,  Carnich,  and 
jhcr  islets.  On  its  banks  are  Strontian  and  Ardnamurchan. 
■  Loch  Tay,  Iok  ti,  Scotland,  in  Breadalbane,  is  15  miles 
!  length  by  1  mile  in  breadth,  and  from  100  to  600  feet  in 
l^pth,  surrounded  by  mountains,  Ben  Lawers,  3945  feet  in 
^ight,  being  on  its  W.  side.  It  receives  the  Dochart  and 
bchy  Rivers  at  the  S.E.,  and  discharges  itself  by  the  Tay 
I  Kenmore,  its  N.E.  extremity.  It  has  been  occasionally 
ibject  to  extraordinary  risings  of  its  waters. 
jLoch  Torridon,  Iok  tor're-don,  an  inlet  of  the  sea 
1  the  AV.  coast  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ross,  between  Applecross 
|>d  Gairloeh  peninsulas,  12  miles  in  length. 
iLoch  Vo'el,  a  lake  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Perth,  and  the 
urce  of  the  Balvaig,  the  principal  affluent  of  the  Teith. 
ength,  3  miles ;  breadth,  1  mile. 

jLochwinnoch,  loK-win'noK,  or  Lochinoch,  Iok- 
f 'ok,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Renfrew,  on  the  Glasgow 
f  Ayr  Railway,  9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Paisley.  Pop.  1683. 
|Lochwitza,  or  Lochwiza.  See  Lokiivitsa. 
,'Lochy  (loK'ee)  River,  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Inverness, 
[>s  a  S.W.  course  of  about  10  miles.  At  its  junction  with 
foch  Eil  is  Port  William  ;  a  little  above  is  Inverlochy  Castle. 
^Lochy  River,  a  small  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Perth, 
1  the  picturesque  vale  of  Glenlochy,  after  a  course  of  about 
!>  miles,  joins  the  Dochart  near  its  junction  with  Loch  Tay. 
j  Lock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co.,  0.,  in  Milford  town- 
lip,  about  34  miles  N.E.  of  Columbus.    It  has  3  churches. 


Lock  Ber'lin,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Clyde  River,  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  and  on  the 
Erie  Canal,  about  22  miles  N.W.  of  Auburn.  It  is  4  miles 
W.  of  Clyde.     It  has  a  church  and  nearly  30  houses. 

Lockbourne,  lok'bum,  a  post- village  of  Franklin  co. 
0.,  in  Hamilton  township,  on  the  Ohio  Canal,  and  on  tht 
Scioto  Valley  Railroad,  14  miles  S.  of  Columbus.  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  large  distillery.     Pop.  281. 

Locke,  Iok,  a  post-village  of  Elkhart  co.,  Ind.,in  Loeko 
township,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Goshen.  It  has  a  church,  2  saw- 
mills, and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  167  ;  of  township,  882. 

Locke,  a  post-township  of  Ingham  co.,  Mich.,  about  16 
miles  E.  of  Lansing,  is  intersected  by  the  Detroit,  Lansing 
&  Lake  Michigan  Railroad.  It  has  manufactures  of  lum- 
ber, staves,  heading,  <fec.     Pop.  1423. 

Locke,  a  post-township  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  21  miles 
S.  of  Auburn,  is  intersected  by  the  Southern  Central  Rail- 
road (Locke  Station),  and  the  Owasco  Inlet,  which  flows  in 
a  deep  valley.     Pop.  1131.     Locke  Post-Office  is  at  Milan. 

Locke,  a  township  of  Rowan  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1119. 

Lockeford,  lok'f9rd,  or  Lock'ford,  a  post-village  of 
San  Joaquin  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Mokelumne  River,  18  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Stockton.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  graded  school. 

Locke  Hill,  a  post-ofiicc  of  Bexar  co.,  Tex. 

Locke  Port,  or  Locke's  (loks)  Island,  a  post-town 
in  Shelburne  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  Ragged  Island  Harbor,  37 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Shelburne.  It  is  a  port  of  entry,  and  con- 
tains a  branch  bank,  a  number  of  stores,  and  2  hotels.  An 
extensive  trade  is  done  in  West  India  produce  and  in  the 
fisheries.     Pop.  400. 

Lock'erby,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Dumfries,  at  a 
railway  junction,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Annan.     Pop.  1683. 

Locke's,  loks,  a  station  in  Hocking  co.,  0.,  on  the 
New  Straitsville  Branch  of  the  Hocking  Valley  Railroad,  7 
miles  N.W.  of  Logan. 

Lockesburg,  ISks'burg,  or  Locks'burg,  a  post-vil- 
lage, capital  of  Sevier  co..  Ark.,  about  140  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Little  Rock.     It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  about  500. 

Locke's  (loks)  Mill,  a  hamlet  of  Mifiiin  co..  Pa.,  in 
Armagh  township,  3  miles  from  Milroy.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  flour-mill. 

Locke's  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Oxford  co..  Me.,  on  the 
Androscoggin  River,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  65 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Portland.     It  has  a  manufactory  of  spools. 

Lock'hart,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1829. 

Lockhart,  a  post-village  of  Lauderdale  co.,  Miss.,  on 
the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Meridian. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  pottery. 

Lockhart,  a  station  in  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Lockhart,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Caldwell  co.,  Tex., 
15  miles  N.  of  Luling,  and  about  30  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Aus- 
tin. It  has  a  court-house,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
4  churches.     Pop.  in  1880,  718 ;  in  1890,  1233. 

Lockhart's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  W.  Va.,  25 
miles  S.  of  Parkersburg. 

Lockhart's  Run,  a  post-office  of  Wood  co.,  W.  Va. 

Lock  Ha'ven,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Clinton  co..  Pa., 
is  beautifully  situated  on  the  right  or  S.  bank  of  the  AVest 
Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Bald 
Eagle  Creek,  on  the  West  Branch  Canal,  and  on  the  Phila- 
delphia &  Erie  Railroad  at  its  junction  with  the  Bald  Eagle 
Valley  Branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  25  miles 
W.S.W.  of  AVilliamsport,  223  miles  E.S.E.  of  Erie,  and  69 
miles  N.E.  of  Altoona.  Its  site  is  described  as  a  triangular 
valley  formed  by  three  mountain-ridges,  the  openings  be- 
tween which  afford  beautiful  views  in  various  directions. 
It  contains  13  churches,  a  state  normal  school,  a  Catholio 
academy,  4  select  schools,  2  national  banks,  2  good  hotels, 
gas-works,  3  newspaper  offices,  8  steam  lumber-mills,  2 
steam  tanneries,  several  iron-foundries,  machine-shops, 
planing-mills,  breweries,  &e.  Pine  lumber  is  the  chief 
export.  A  bridge  crosses  the  river  here.  Pop.  in  1860, 
3349;  in  1870,  6986;  in  1880,  5845;  in  1890,  7358. 

Lock^Hoi,  lok-hoi',  a  seaport  town  of  China,  E.  coast 
of  the  island  of  Hainan,  near  the  mouth  of  a  river.  Lat. 
19°  15'  N.;  Ion.  110°  25'  E.  It  is  a  large  place,  surrounded 
by  walls  and  ramparts  30  feet  thick,  and  entered  by  four 
gates  facing  the  cardinal  points.  The  streets  are  paved, 
but  narrow ;  the  houses,  built  of  brick,  never  exceed  two 
stories  in  height;  the  shops  are  well  supplied  with  mer- 
chandise.    Pop.  about  90,000. 

Lock'ington,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  C,  on  the 
Miami  &  Erie  Canal,  about  1  mile  AV.  of  the  Miami  River, 
and  6  miles  N.  of  Piqua.  It  is  2^  miles  from  Pontiao  Sta- 
tion.    It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  214. 

Lock'land,  or  Lockiand  Station,  a  post-villag* 


LOG 


1078 


£0C 


of  Hnmilton  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Miami  A  Erie  Cantil,  and  on 
the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  A  Dnytun  Railroad,  12  miles  it. 
of  Cincinnati.  It  has  3  churches,  a  muney-order  post-offico, 
a  nursery,  2  papor-mills,  and  2  flour-mills.    P.  (1890)  2474. 

laOCk  No.  4t  a  post-offioe  of  Washington  oo.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Monongahela  Kiver,  24  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Pittsburg. 

IiOCk'portf  a  post-village  of  Will  co.,  III.,  in  Lockport 
township,  on  the  Des  i>lainci>  River,  on  the  Illinois  A  Michi- 
gan Canal,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  32^ 
miles  S.W.  of  Chicago,  and  5  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Joliot.  It 
is  surrounded  by  attractive  scenery,  and  has  water-power, 
and  valuable  quarries  of  limestone.  It  contains  S  churches, 
a  newspopcr  office,  a  ))aper-uiill,  n  large  flour-mill,  4  car- 
jiiige-shops,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  2449;  of  townKhip,  4088. 

Lockport,  a  post-village  in  Adaius  town^ihip,  Carroll 
ISO.,  Ind..  on  the  Wabash  River,  and  on  the  Wabash  A  Erie 
Canal,  about  13  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Logansport.  It  has  sev- 
eral churches.     Pop.  176. 

laOCkport,  a  hamlet  of  Vigo  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Cincinnati 
&  Torre  llauto  Railroad,  11  miles  S.I'j.  of  Terre  Haute. 

JLockport,  a  hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  White- 
water River,  and  on  the  Whitewater  Valley  Railroad  and  the 
Fort  Wayne,  Muncie  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of 
Cambridge. 

Lockport,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Kentucky  River,  about  20  miles  N.  by  AV.  of  Frankfort. 
It  has  3  churches. 

Lockport,  a  post-hamlet  of  La  Fourche  parish.  La.,  on 
Bayou  La  Fourche,  47  miles  W.  by  S.  of  New  Orleans,  with 
which  it  is  connected  by  canal.     It  has  a  church. 

Lockport,  a  township  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Mich.,  is 
drained  by  the  St.  Joseph  River,  and  contains  the  large 
villiige  of  Three  Rivers.     Pop.  3892. 

Lockport,  a  city,  the  ciipital  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y., 
In  Lockport  township,  on  the  Erie  Canal,  and  on  the 
Rochester  A  Niagara  division  of  the  New  York  Central 
Railroad,  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Buffalo,  and  5fii  miles  W.  of 
Rochester.  It  is  286  miles  by  railroad  or  about  330  miles 
by  canal  W.  by  N.  of  Albany.  It  is  partly  built  on  the 
declivities  of  a  terrace  or  long  ridge,  called  the  "  Mountain 
Ridge."  The  canal  here  descends  about  60  feet  from  the 
level  of  Lake  Erie  to  the  Genesee  level  by  10  double  com- 
bined locks  of  massive  masonry.  The  abundant  hydraulic 
power  thus  obtained  is  one  of  the  main  sources  of  the  pros- 
jicrity  of  the  city,  and  is  utilized  in  numerous  mills  and 
factories.  The  canal  here  passes  through  a  deep  channel 
which  has  been  cut  in  solid  limestone  and  is  several  miles 
in  extent.  Lockport  contains  15  churches,  a  large  union 
school-house,  3  national  banks,  3  other  banks,  and  printing- 
offices  which  issue  3  daily  and  4  weekly  newspapers.  It 
has  also  a  Catholic  female  academy,  6  or  more  flouring-mills 
(some  of  which  are  of  the  first  class),  numerous  saw-mills, 
a  woollen-factory,  several  iron-foundries,  machine-shops, 
Ac.  Hero  are  extensive  quarries  of  Niagara  limestone,  an 
excellent  material  for  building,  which  give  employment  to 
several  hundred  men.  At  this  place  the  railroad  crosses 
the  canaj  by  a  viaduct  60  feet  above  the  surface  of  tho 
water.  Lockport  was  incorporated  as  a  city  in  1865.  Pop. 
(1890)  16,038;  of  the  township,  exclusive  of  the  city,  2773. 

Lockport,  a  station  in  Licking  co.,  0.,  on  the  Central 
Ohio  Railroad,  1  mile  W.  of  Newark. 

Lockport,  a  village  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.,  in  Goshen 
township,  on  the  Ohio  Canal,  adjacent  to  New  Philadelphia. 
It  has  a  church,  a  brewery,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  paper- 
mill.     Pop.  250. 

Lockport,  a  hamlet  of  Williams  co.,  0.,  on  TiflSn  River, 
about  48  miles  W.  of  Toledo. 

Lockport,  a  village  of  Clinton  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  West 
Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  opposite  Lock  Haven, 
with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  bridge.  It  has  a  large 
hotel.     Pop.  about  200. 

Lockport,  a  borough  of  Erie  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Beaver  & 
Erie  Canal,  about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Erie,  and  1  mile  E.  of 
the  Erie  A  Pittsburg  Railroad.  It  has  a  tannery,  a  planing- 
mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  405.  The  name  of  its  post- 
office  is  Platca. 

Lockport,  a  hamlet  of  Mifflin  oo..  Pa.,  on  tho  Juniata 
lliver,  i  mile  from  Anderson's  Station.    It  has  2  churches. 

Lockport,  a  station  in  Northampton  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Lehigh  A  Susquehanna  Railroad,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Allen- 
town,  also  on  the  Lehigh  Rivor. 

Lockport,  or  Lockport  Station,  a  post-village  of 
AVestmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  on  Conemaugh  Creek,  and  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  60  miles  E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a 
manufactory  of  fire-bricks  and  gas-retorts. 

Lockport,  a  post-office  of  Wilson  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
<!umber.>and  River,  about  36  miles  E.N.E.  of  Nashville. 


Lockport  Junction,  a  station  in  Niagara  oo„  N.T. 
on  the  Rochester  A  Niagara  division  of  tho  Central  lUllI 
road,  at  the  junction  of  the  Buffalo  A  Lockport  liranoh,  J 
miles  W.  of  Lockport. 

Lock'ridge,a  post-village  in  Lockridgo  township,  Jof. 
ferson  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Burlington  A  Missouri  River  Rail- 
road,  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Burlington.  It  contains  t 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  an  elevator,  and  a  saw-mill.  p(». 
about  300.  The  township  is  traversed  by  the  Skunk  Rivor| 
and  has  a  population  of  1675. 

Locksburg,  Sevier  co..  Ark.    See  Lockksdijuo, 

Lock  Sev^enteen',  a  post-hamlet  of  Tuscarawas  oo., 
0.,  in  Clay  township,  on  tho  Tuscarawas  River,  tho  Ohio 
Canal,  and  the  Pan-Handle  Railroad,  93  miles  K.N.E.  of 
Columbus.     It  has  a  flour-mill.     Coal  is  found  hero. 

Lock  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Ripley  eo.,  ind,  65 
miles  W.  of  Cincinnati,  0.     It  has  2  churches. 

Lock  Spring,  a  post-hamlct  of  Davioss  oo.,  Mo.,  on 
the  St.  Louis,  Council  Bluffs  A  Omaha  Railroad,  12  mUm 
N.W.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  t 
stores.     Pop.  about  150. 

Lock's  Vil'iage,  a  small  post-village  of  Franklin  oo., 
Mass.,  about  32  miles  N.  by  L.  of  Springfield.  It  hai  a 
mineral  spring. 

Lock'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  township,  ]Ian> 
terdon  co.,  N.J.,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Flomington,  and  about  2i 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Trenton. 

Lock'ville,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Ga. 

Lockvillc,  a  post-village  of  Chatham  co.,  N.C.,  is  on 
Deep  River  (whicli  here  falls  24  feet  and  affords  wateN 
power),  and  on  tho  Raleigh  A  Augusta  Railroad,  33  miiti 
S.W.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  an  academy,  an  iron-foundry, 
and  a  flour-mill. 

Lockville,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Ohio  Canal  and  the  Columbus  A  Hocking  Valley  RailroaJ, 
20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Columbus.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  131. 

Lockvillc,  a  post-oflico  of  Wyoming  co.,  Pa. 

Lockville,  a  post-village  in  Dundas  co.,  Ontario,  10 
miles  N.N.AV.  of  Iroquois.  It  contains  2  churches,  a  hoted 
and  an  ashery.     Pop.  100. 

Lock'wood,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  TToit 
Riding,  U  miles  S.S.W.  of  Iluddersfield.  Pop.  18,270.  It 
is  visited  for  its  medicinal  waters. 

Lockwood,  a  station  in  Vanderburg  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Lake  Eric,  Evansville  A  Southwestern  Railroad,  8  miles  E. 
of  Evansville. 

Lockwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Grand  Rapids  A  Indiana  Railroad,  24  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Grand  Rapids.     It  has  2  lumber-mills  and  2  shingle-milll. 

Lockwood,  a  post-office  of  Merrick  co..  Neb.,  on  tho 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Grand  Island,  Nob. 

Lockwood's,  township,  Brunswick  co.,  N.C.    P.  874 

Lode,  or  Le  Lode,  l§h  lok'l,  a  town  of  Switier- 
land,  canton  and  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ncufchatel,  in  a  val- 
ley of  the  same  name,  traversed  by  the  Bied,  nearly  3000 
feet  above  the  sea.  It  has  an  orphan  asylum,  a  hospital  for 
old  men,  and  important  manufactures  of  clocks  and  watches, 
jewelry,  and  lace.  Near  Locle,  tho  Bicd  disappears  in  a 
rocky  chasm,  which,  not  having  large  enough  vent  for  the 
water  when  increased  by  melting  snows,  formerly  caused  dis- 
astrous inundations.  Tho  danger  has  now  been  removed 
by  an  aqueduct,  consisting  of  a  tunnel  950  feet  long,  cut 
through  tho  solid  limestone  rock,  which  encompasses  tho 
valley  and  carries  tho  superfluous  water  into  the  Doubs. 
Tho  chasm  where  the  Bied  disappears  is  100  feet  deep,  and, 
to  render  the  fall  available,  several  mills,  one  above  the 
other,  have  been  constructed  within  it.     Pop.  10,334. 

Locmariquer,  lok'mi'ree'kain',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Morbihan,  23  miles  S.E.  of  Lorient.     Pop.  663. 

Locmine,  lok'meen',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Morbihan,  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pontivy.     Pop.  1871. 

Locorotondo,  lo-ko-ro-ton'do.  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  38  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bari.     Pop.  7139. 

Locri,  the  ancient  name  of  Geracb. 

Locse,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Leutschau. 

Locsmand,  lotch'mind',  or  Lothmansburg,  lot'- 
mins-booHG\  a  town  of  Hungary,  0  miles  N.E.  of  Uiins. 

Lo'cust,  a  township  of  Christian  co..  III.     Pop.  825. 

Locust,  a  station  in  Marion  co.,  0.,  on  the  Atlantic  4 
Great  Western  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Gallon. 

Locust,  a  township  of  Columbia  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1534. 

Locust  Av'euue,  a  station  in  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
a  branch  of  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  2  miles  S.E.  ot 
Jamaica. 

Locust  Bayou,  bl'oo,  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  co., 
Ark.,  9  or  10  miles  E.  of  Camden. 

Locust  Bottom,  a  post-office  of  Botetourt  co.,  Va. 


LOC 


1679 


LOD 


,  Locust  Branch)  a  post-hamlet  of  Estill  co.,  Ky.,  15 
^ilos  E.S.E.  of  Harris  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church. 
I  laocust  Cor'iier,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clermont  co.,  0., 
jbout  18  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  a  church. 
I  Locust  Cot'tage,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ark. 
I  Locust  Creek  rises  in  Waj'ne  co.,  Iowa,  and  runs 
Duthward  into  Missouri.  It  traverses  the  cos.  of  Putnam, 
wllivan,  and  Linn,  and  enters  the  Grand  River  at  the 
f.W.  extremity  of  Chariton  co.  It  is  about  100  miles  long. 
In  affluent   called    West   Locust   Creek   runs   southward 

rough  the  cos.  of  Putnam  and  Sullivan,  and  enters  the 
locust  in  Linn  co.     The  upper  part  of  tho  main  stream  is 

metimes  called  Middle  Locust. 

Locust  Creek,  a  township  of  Linn  co..  Mo.     P.  2398. 

Locust  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Louisa  co.,  Va. 
I  Locust  Dale,  a  post-village  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  on 
^e  Reading  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  several  branches, 
j miles  W.  of  Ashland. 

I  Locust  Dale,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Va.,  4 
[iles  from  Rapidan.  It  has  an  academy,  a  wagon-shop,  Ac. 
[Locust  Gap,  a  post- village  of  Northumberland  co., 
ft.,  on  tho  Mahanoy  <fc  Shamokin  Branch  of  the  Reading 
lailroad,  and  on  the  Shamokin  division  of  the  Northern 
entral  Railroad,  and  also  on  a  branch  of  the  Lehigh  Val- 
ly  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Shamokin.    Coal  is  mined  near  it. 

Locust  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Ga.,  about 
p  miles  S.S.E.  of  Atlanta.     It  has  several  churches. 
I  Locust  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  111.,  about 
IS  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Carbondale. 

j  Locust  Grove,  a  post-olfice  of  the  Cherokee  Nation, 
pdian  Territory,  13  miles  from  Choteau  Railroad  Station. 
I  Locust  Grove,  a,  township  of  Fremont  co.,  Iowa, 
ion.  389. 

I  Locust  Grove,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  Iowa. 
lop.  1112,  exclusive  of  Batavia. 

i  Locust  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Atchison  co.,  Kansas. 
;  Locust  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Md.,  about 
P  miles  E.  of  Baltimore,  and  2  miles  from  a  steamboat- 
llnding  on  Sassafras  River. 

{Locust  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.,  2 
tiles  from  Port  Leyden. 

i  Locust  Grove,  Queens  co.,  N.Y.    See  Winpield. 
[Locust  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co.,  0.,  about 
{i  miles  N.AV.  of  Portsmouth.     Pop.  103. 
!  Locust  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Fulton  co..  Pa. 
I  Locust  Grove,  a  station  in  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
lennsylvania  Railroad  (Ilarrisburg  to  Columbia),  10  miles 
t.W.  of  Columbia. 

'Locust  Grove,  a  hamlet  of  Floyd  co.,  Va.,  12  miles 
jOra  Shawsville  Station.     It  has  2  stores  and  a  church. 
(Locust  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  Va. 
i Locust  Hill,  a  post-haralet  of  Knox  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
forth  Fork  of  Salt  River,  about  22  miles  N.N.E.  of  Macon 
Uy.     It  has  2  churches. 

!  Locust  Hill,  a  post-township  of  Caswell  CO.,  N.C.,  about 
h  miles  N.W.  of  Raleigh.     Pop.  1781.     It  contains  4 
liurches.     Tobacco  is  its  staple  product. 
J  Locust  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Washington   oo.,  Pa., 
•Jout  24  miles  S.W.  of  Pittsburg. 
i  Locust  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Middlesex  co.,  Va. 
[Locust  Lane,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pleasant  township, 
Hnneshiok  co.,  Iowa,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Decorah.   It  has 
'church. 

f  Locust  Lane,  a  post-hamlet  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.,  in 
}inoe  township,  about  40  miles  N.W.  of  Altoona. 
;  Locust  Lane,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Va.,  35  miles 
^N.AV.  of  Abingdon.  It  has  1  or  2  churches. 
(Locust  Lev'el,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stanly  co.,  N.C.,  27 
liles  E.N.E.  of  Charlotte.  It  has  a  chair-factory.  Gold 
!  found  near  this  place. 

I  Locust  Mound,  a  post-hamlet  of  Miller  oo..  Mo.,  25 
'ilos  S.W.  of  Jefferson  City.     Lead  is  found  here. 
I  Locust  Mount,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
lenn.,  7  miles  N.  of  Jonesborough. 

I  Locust  Mount,  a  post-hamlet  of  Accomack  co.,  Va., 
h  a,  small  inlet  of  the  sea,  30  miles  S.  of  Franklin  Rail- 
|>ad  Station.     Oysters  abound  here. 

i  Locust  Mountain,  a  ridge  in  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  is  a 
j)ntinuation  of  Broad  Mountain. 
j  Locust  Point,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind. 
!  Locust  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ottawa  oo.,  0.,  on 
joussaint  River,  12  miles  W.  of  Port  Clinton.    It  has  a 
burch. 

I  Locust  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  co.,  0.,  about 
0  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Cincinnati. 
i  Locust  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  Tenn. 

Locust  Sum'mit,  a  station  in  Northumberland  co., 


Pa.,  on  the  Mine  Hill  Branch  of  the  Reading  Railroad,  at 
the  junction  of  a  branch  road,  in  the  anthracite  region,  1 
mile  S.E.  of  Locust  Gap. 

Locust  Tree,  a  hamlet  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  5  miles 
S.  of  Gasport. 

Locust  Valley,  a  post-village  in  Oyster  Bay  township, 
Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  near  an  inlet  of  Long  Island  Sound,  and 
on  a  branch  of  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  30  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Brooklyn.     It  has  4  general  stores. 

Locust  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  IJ 
miles  from  Coopersburg,  and  9  miles  S.  by  E.  of  AUentown. 

Lo'custville,  a  hamlet  of  Wicomico  co.,  Md.,  on  tho 
Pocomoke  River,  6^  miles  from  Newark.     It  has  a  church. 

Locustville,  a  village  in  Hopkinton  township,  AVash- 
ington  CO.,  R.I.,  is  the  N.  terminus  of  the  Wood  River 
Railroad.  It  has  manufactures  of  drugs,  <fcc.  Pop.  220. 
It  is  adjacent  to  Hope  Valley. 

Locustville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Accomack  co.,  Va.,  5 
miles  S.  of  Accomack  Court-House.     It  has  a  church. 

Locz,  lots,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Noograd,  near 
Balassa-Gyarniath.     Pop.  1204. 

Lod,  or  Kis  Lod,  kish  lod,  a  village  of  Hungary,  13 
miles  from  Veszprim.     Pop.  1250. 

Lo'da,  or  Oakal'la,  a  post-village  of  Iroquois  co., 
111.,  in  Loda  township,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad 
(Chicago  division),  4  miles  N.E.  of  Paxton.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  grist-mill,  a  creamery, 
tile-works,  several  stores,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  in 
1890,  598;  of  the  township,  1323. 

Lod'don,  a  river  of  England,  flows  into  the  Thames 
near  Wargravc.     Length,  30  miles. 

Loddon,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Hereford,  tributary 
to  the  Frome. 

Loddon,  a  river  of  Australia,  Victoria,  flows  N.AV.  and 
joins  the  Murray.     Length,  150  miles. 

Loddon,  a  town  and  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Nor- 
folk, 10  miles  S.E.  of  Norwich.     Pop.  1134. 

Lodeinoje»Pole,  Russia.    See  Ladeikoe-Pole. 

Lodelinsart,  loM^h-liiNo^sar',  a  village  of  Belgium,  ia 
Hainaut,  about  22  miles  E.  of  Mons.     Pop.  3200. 

Lode'mia,  a  post-office  of  Livingston  co.,  III. 

Lod^ve,  lo^daiv'  (anc.  Lute'va,  or  Fo'rum  Nero'niti),  a 
town  of  France,  department  of  n6rault,  in  a  pretty  valley, 
at  the  foot  of  the  C6vennes,  on  the  Lergue,  here  spanned 
by  a  handsome  bridge,  33  miles  W.N.W.  of  Montpellier.  It 
is  irregularly  built,  and  has  an  old  cathedral,  containing  a 
fine  mausoleum  of  white  marble,  important  manufactures 
of  army  clothing  and  of  woollen  stuffs,  chemical  products, 
leather,  hosiery,  soap,  and  wax  candles,  and  a  trade  in 
woollens,  wine,  brandy,  almonds,  <tc.  Lodcve  possesses 
mineral  springs,  once  much  resorted  to.  In  the  vicinity 
is  a  grotto  with  fine  stalactites.     Pop.  10,198. 

Lodge,  loj,  a  post-hamlet  of  Piatt  co..  111.,  in  Sanga- 
mon township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Paducah  Railroad,  5  miles 
N.  of  Montieello. 

Lodge  Pole,  a  post-office  of  Cheyenne  co.,  Neb.,  ou 
Lodge  Pole  Creek,  and  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Julesburg,  Col.     Elevation,  3800  feet. 

Lodge  Pole  Creek  rises  in  the  S.E,  part  of  Wy- 
oming, runs  eastward  into  Nebraska,  and  enters  the  South 
Fork  of  the  Platte  River  on  the  N.  boundary  of  Colorado, 
at  Julesburg.     It  is  about  150  miles  long. 

Lodhikera,  lod^be-kee'r^.,  a  town  of  the  Chindwara 
district,  India.     Pop.  5219. 

T'Odi,  lo'dee,  a  city  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  on  the  Adda, 
here  crossed  by  a  wooden  bridge  609  feet  long,  21  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Milan,  on  the  road  to  Piacenza.  Pop.  19,088. 
It  was  founded  in  1158  by  the  Emperor  Frederick  I.,  is  en- 
closed by  walls,  and  is  generally  well  built,  but  dirty.  Prinr 
cipal  edifices,  a  citadel  of  the  fifteenth  century,  now  con- 
verted into  barracks,  a  cathedral  with  some  remarkable 
antiquities  and  paintings,  18  other  churches,  a  large  hos- 
pital, and  a  theatre.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  the  seat  of  a: 
gymnasium,  a  normal  school,  orphan  and  foundling  asy- 
lums, a  public  library,  manufactures  of  linens,  silks,  porce- 
lain, chemical  products,  and  an  active  trade,  especially  in 
Parmesan  cheese.  On  the  10th  of  May,  1796,  Napoleon 
here  gained  a  decisive  victory  over  the  Austrians. 

Lo'di,  a  post-village  of  San  Joaquin  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  12  miles  N.  of  Stockton.  It  has 
a  church,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  large  school- 
house,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  flour,  bricks,  and  furni- 
ture. It  is  in  a  farming  and  fruit-raising  district.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1013. 

Lodi,  a  post-haralet  of  Coweta  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Chatta* 
hoocheo  River,  about  44  miles  S.W.  of  Atlanta,  and  7  milea 
(direct)  N.  by  W.  of  Newnan.     It  has  a  cotton-factory. 


LOD 


1680 


LOG 


Lodi,  »  poat-haralet  of  Barber  co., 'Kansas,  It  miles 
(Uireot)  S.  by  W.  of  MoUicine  Lodge,  the  ctipital  of  tbe 
jounty. 

liOdi}  a  post-hunilet  of  Kalkaska  co.,  Mich.,  about  6 
«iilcB  S.  of  Kulkojika. 

liOdi,  a  towuship  of  Washtenaw  oo.,  Mich.     Pop.  1204. 

Lodi«  a  township  of  Mowsr  oo.,  Minn.  Pop.  2U0.  It 
contains  Toopi. 

Lodi,  a  ])()st-hain1ot  of  Montgomery  oo.,  Miss.,  15  miles 
B.N.U.  of  Winuna.     It  has  a  church  and  a  will. 

Lodi)  a  post-village  of  liorgon  co.,  N.J.,  in  Lodi  town- 
ship, on  tbe  New  Jersey  Midland  llailrotvd,  and  on  a  branch 
of  the  New  Jersey  A  New  York  Railroad,  about  7  miles 
S.E.  of  Patorson.  It  has  4  churches,  and  contains  the  Lodi 
Chemical  Works,  some  dye-works,  and  the  villages  of  Carl- 
stadt  and  Corona.  The  Passuio  Uiver  touches  tlio  W.  part 
of  the  township.     Pop.  of  township  in  ISDO,  6131. 

Lodi,  n  post-village  of  Seneca  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Lodi  town- 
ship, about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Ithaca,  2i  miles  E.  of  Seneca 
Lake,  and  5  miles  S.  of  Ovid.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
ohocse-factory.  Pop.  about  350.  The  township  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  Seneca  Lake.     Pop.  1896. 

Liodi,  a  township  of  Athens  co.,  0.     Pop.  1551. 

laodi)  a  post-village  in  Harrisvillo  township,  Medina 
00.,  0.,  on  the  Wheeling  &  Lake  Erie  liailroad,  20  miles  N. 
of  Wooster.  It  has  a  national  bank,  2  churches,  and  an 
academy.     Pop.  about  450.    See  also  West  Lodi. 

liOdi,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Tenn. 

LiOdi,  a  post-offico  of  Marion  co.,  Tex. 

JLodi,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Va. 

liOdi,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co..  Wis.,  in  Lodi 
township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  20 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Madison,  and  17  miles  S.E.  of  Baraboo. 
It  has  4  churches,  4  flouring-mills,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
graded  school,  and  a  manufactory  of  threshing-machines. 
Pop.  725.  The  Wisconsin  River  touches  the  N.W.  corner 
of  the  township.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1448. 

liOdiana,  a  town  of  India.     See  LooniANA. 

liOdiana,  lo-de-an'a,  a  post-office  of  llice  co.,  Kansas, 
13  miles  N.E.  of  Peace  Station. 

Lo'di  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Seneca  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Lodi  township,  about  32  miles  N.  of  Elmira. 

liOdi  Junction,  a. station  of  the  Now  Jersey  &  New 
York  Railroad,  in  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Lodi  Branch  Rnilroad,  13  miles  from  Now  York. 

Lodi  Landing,  New  York.    See  Db  Mott. 

Lodi  Station,  Kane  co.,  Illinois.    See  Lodi. 

Lodi  Vecchio,  lo'dee  vdk'ke-o,  or  Old  Lodi  (ano. 
Laui  Pompe'ia),  a  village  of  Italy,  4  miles  W.  of  Lodi.  It 
was  founded  by  the  father  of  Pompey  the  Great.     P.  3495. 

Lodomeria,  Austrian  Poland.     See  Galicia. 

LoMomil'lo,  a  township  of  Clayton  CO.,  Iowa.    P.  1115. 

Lodore,  lO-dOr',  a  casca!de  of  England,  in  Cumberland, 
ttn  a  small  affluent  of  the  Derwent- Water,  near  its  mouth  in 
the  lake,  3  miles  S.  of  Keswick. 

Lodore,  lo-dor',  a  post-office  of  Amelia  co.,  Va. 

Lodosa,  lo-do'si,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre,  on  the 
Ebro,  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pamplona.     Pop.  2730. 

Lod'wick,  a  post-offico  of  Marion  co.,  To.x. 

Lodz,  lodz,  or  Lodsi,  a  town  of  Poland,  government 
and  75  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Warsaw.  Pop.  39,078.  It 
has  extensive  manufactures  of  linen  and  woollen  fabrics. 

Loean,  loo-iln',  Loewang,  or  Looang,  loo-ing',  an 
island  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  between  Timor  and  Timor 
Laut.     Lat.  8°  10'  S.;  Ion.  128°  30'  E. 

Loehoe,  loo^hoo',  Locboe,  loo^boo',  Loewoe,  or 
Lnwn,  loo' woo',  a  native  state  in  the  island  of  Celebes, 
lying  on  the  N.  part  of  the  Gulf  of  Boni,  and  once  the 
greatest  kingdom  in  the  island.  Its  capital,  of  the  same 
name,  is  situated  on  a  bay  on  the  W.  side  of  the  gulf. 
Lat.  2°  54'  S.     The  country  produces  iron  and  gold. 

Loenen,  loo'n?n,  a  village  of  tho  Netherlands,  prov- 
ince and  14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Utrocht,  on  the  Vecht. 

Locnhout,  loon'hOwt,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
and  16  miles  N.E.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  1900. 

Loevenstcin,  loo'v?n-stine\  a  fort  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Gelderland,  on  the  Waal,  10  miles  W.  of  Bommel. 

Lotfenau,  lorf§h-now\  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Wiir- 
temberg,  circle  of  Black  Forest.     Pop.  1265. 

LoHingen,  loffing-^n,  a  town  of  Baden,  among  the 
mountains  of  the  Black  Forest,  41  miles  W.N.W.  of  Con- 
stance.    Pop.  1084. 

Lotfoden,  lof-fo'd?n,  Lofo'den,  or  Lofo'ten,  a 
group  of  islands  off  the  N.W.  coast  of  Norway,  between  lat. 
67°  30'  and  69°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  12°  and  16°  E.,  and  stretch- 
ing from  S.W.  to  N.E.  about  1 75  miles.  The  largest  are 
Andden,  Langocn,  Hindoeu,  East  and  West  Vaagcn,  and 


Flngstod.  They  have  almost  all  bold,  precipitous,  riijgefl, 
and  deeply-indented  coasts,  and  an  elevated  and  very  Miiilj 
interior,  several  of  them  containing  niount4iin8whieh,'tl«iu"b 
not  very  lofty,  are  covered  with  perpetual  snow.  Theooarti 
only  of  tho  islands  are  inhabited,  and  contain  some  tracts 
under  such  cultivation  as  the  rigor  and  uncertainty  of  (he 
climate  will  admit;  but  the  chief  value  of  tlio  whole  groap 
is  derived  from  the  immense  shoals  of  cud  and  herring  whlon 
frequent  them,  and  tho  extensive  and  valuable  fishoriet 
which  are  consequently  carried  on  at  the  proper  seasons. 
The  principal  cod-fishery  ends  in  A]>ril;  but  the  herring, 
fishery  continues,  and  furnishes  an  important  branch  of 
national  revenue.  Permanent  population  about  20,000.  Tbs 
islands  arc  exposed  to  severe  storms  from  tho  W.,  and  vio- 
lent currents  set  in  between  them.  Near  tho  S.  end  of  tbe 
group  is  the  whirlpool  Majlstrom.     See  M,«LSTit(J«. 

Lofo,  lo'fo\  a  small  island  at  tho  entrance  to  the  Gulf 
of  Bothnia,  and  N.W.  of  the  island  of  Aland,  to  which  groan 
it  belongs. 

Lofsta,  lofs'tH,  a  town  of  Sweden,  losn  and  40  miles  N, 
of  Upsal,  on  tho  Lofsta,  3  miles  from  its  mouth  in  Liilitk 
Bay.     Pop.  1500,  mostly  engaged  in  iron-works. 

Loft'housc,  a  town  and  parish  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
7  miles  E.N.E.  of  Guisborough.     Pop.  2230. 

Loftscha,  loft'ch&,  Lovatz,  or  Lowatz,  loV&ts',  a 
town  of  Bulgaria,  20  miles  S.  of  Plevna,  and  80  miles  N.E, 
of  Sophia.     Pop.  3000. 

Lofty  Mount,  a  mountain  of  South  Australia,  6  miles 
S.E.  of  Adelaide.  Lat.  34°  68'  20"  S. ;  Ion.  138°  42'  S. 
Height,  2400  feet  above  the  sea. 

Lo'gan,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Arkansas,  hu  n 
area  of  642  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
Arkansas  River,  and  drained  by  the  Petit  Jean.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly  or  undulating,  and  is  divorsifled  by  a  ridge 
called  Magazine  Mountain.  Bituminous  coal  is  found  here. 
Capital,  Paris.     Pop.  in  1880,  14,885  ;  in  1890,  20,774. 

Logan,  a  N.E.  county  of  Colorado.  Area,  1830  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  South  Platte  River,  which 
runs  from  S.E.  to  N.E.  The  surface  is  well  watered.  Tlie 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad  and  the 
Burlington  <fe  Missouri  River  Railroad,  both  of  which  pui' 
through  Sterling,  the  capital.     Pop.  in  1890,  3070. 

Logan,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Illinois,  bos 
an  area  of  about  620  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
Salt  and  Sugar  Creeks,  and  is  also  drained  by  Kickapoo 
Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  very  fertile. 
The  greater  part  of  this  county  is  prairie.  Indian  com, 
wheat,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  has  mines  of  coal,  which  partly  compensate 
for  the  scarcity  of  timber.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  A! 
Alton  Railroad,  the  Terre  Haute  &  Peoria  Railroad,  and  die 
Peoria,  Decatur  &,  Evansville  Railroad.  Capital,  Linooln. 
Pop.  in  1870,  23,053 ;  in  1880,  25,037  ;  in  1890,  26,489.       ^ 

Logan,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Kentucky,  borders  on 
Tennessee.  Area,  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
Red  River  and  Muddy  River,  an  affluent  of  Green  River. 
The  surface  is  diversified  with  beautiful  verdant  hills,  and  if 
extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  oats,  tobacco,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products^ 
Cavernous  limestone  underlies  the  soil.  This  county  con- 
tains several  ancient  artificial  mounds.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad.  Capital,  Russcll- 
ville.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,429  ;  in  1880,  24,358  ;  in  1890,  23,812*. 

Logan,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  North  Dakota.  Are% 
10118  square  miles.     Capital,  Napoleon. 

Logan,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Ohio,  has  an 
area  of  about  448  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Miami 
River,  and  also  drained  by  Mad  River,  which  rises  in  if,  snd 
by  Mill  and  Rush  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests 
of  deciduous  trees.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian 
corn,  oats,  hay,  butter,  pork,  and  maple  sugar  are  the  ttapte 
products.  Silurian  limestone  underlies  a  part  of  the  sur- 
face. This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Cleveland,  Cin- 
cinnati, Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railroad.  Capital,  Belicfon- 
taine.  Pop.  in  1870,  23,028;  in  1880,  26,267;  in  1890, 
27,386. 

Logan,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  West  Virginia, 
borders  on  Kentucky.  Area,  about  675  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Guyandotte  River,  and  is  bounded  on  tbe 
S.W.  by  the  Tug  Fork  of  Sandy  River.  The  surface  is 
diversified  with  mountains  or  high  hills  and  extensive  for- 
ests. The  soil  is  partly  fertile,  and  produces  Indian  corn, 
grass,  &o.  This  county  has  abundance  of  coal.  It  is 
traversed  by  the  Norfolk  &  Western  Railroad.  Cnpitiil, 
Logan  Court-House,  situated  on  the  Guyandotte  Kiver. 
Pop.  in  1870,  6124;  in  1880,  7329;  in  1890,  11,101. 


Loa 


1681 


LOG 


1  Lo^aii,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benton  co.,  Ark.,  about  16 

biles  S.W.  of  Beutonville. 

i  Logan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Edgar  oo.,  111.,  about  25  miles 

I.  of  Danville.     It  has  a  church. 

I  Logan,  a  township  of  Peoria  co.,  III.     Pop,  1065.     It 

bntains  Summerville  and  Smith ville. 

Logan,  a  post-township  of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
l^hitewater  River,  about  24  miles  N.W.  of  Cincinnati.  It 
)as  2  churches.     Pop.  832. 

i  Logan,  a  township  of  Fountain  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  2608. 
tt  contains  Attica. 

I  Logan,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  921. 
t  Logan,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Harrison  co.,  Iowa,  on 
he  Boyer  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Rail- 
bad,  30  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Council  Bluffs,  and  4  or  5  miles 
;.E.  of  Magnolia.     It  has  a  newspaper  office,  2  churches, 
I  bank,  and  a  stone-quarry.    Pop.  in  1890,  827. 
i  Logan,  a  township  of  Marshall  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  433. 
■  Logan,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  213, 
i  Logan,  a  township  «f  Mitchell  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  200. 
I  Logan,  a  township  of  Ottawa  co.,  Kansas.     Pep.  900. 
1  Logan,  a  post-village  in  Logan  township,  Phillips  co., 
Cansas,  45  miles  N.  of  Ellis  Railroad  Station.     It  has  2 
hurches,  2  hotels,  a  flour-mill,  3  stores,  and  a  saw-mill, 
("op.  in  1890,  390  ;  of  the  township,  701. 
1  Logan,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  At- 
mtio  &  Pacific  Railroad,  24  miles  S.W.  of  Springfield.     It 
las  2  or  3  churches. 
)  Logan,  a  township  of  Reynolds  co..  Mo.     Pop.  910. 

Logan,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1057. 
I  Logan,  a  post-village  of  Dodge  co..  Neb.,  on  Logan 
j!reok,  about  44  miles  N.W.  of  Omaha. 
!  Logan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuyler  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Hector 
pwnship,  2  miles  E.  of  Seneca  Lake,  and  8  miles  N.  of 
y^atkins.     It  has  a  church, 

i  Logan,  a  township  of  Auglaize  co.,  0.  Pop.  900. 
i  Logan,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hocking  co.,  0.,  on 
fie  Hocking  River,  the  Hocking  Canal,  and  the  Columbus 
i  Hocking  Valley  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  New 
[traitsville  Branch,  50  miles  S.E.  of  Columbus,  and  about 
5  miles  N.E.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  a  high  school,  4 
laurches,  a  national  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  flouring- 
jiills,  a  furnace,  a  woollen-mill,  and  manufactures  of  fur- 
iture  and  soap.  Pop.  in  1890,  3119. 
I  Logan,  a  station  on  the  Bald  Eagle  Valley  Railroad, 
I  miles  N.E.  of  Tyrone,  Pa. 

\  Logan,  a  village  in  Mifflin  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Mifflin  & 
)entre  County  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Lewistown.  P.  609, 
J  Logan,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Cache  co.,  Utah,  on  the 
itah  Northern  Railroad,  97  miles  N.  of  Salt  Lake  City,  and 
p  miles  N.E.  of  Corinne.  It  is  in  the  fertile  Cache  Valley, 
thich  is  bounded  on  the  E.  and  W.  by  high  limestone 
jdges  and  is  nearly  60  miles  long  and  7  miles  wide. 
;0gan  is  4557  feet  above  the  sea-level.     Pop.  (1890)  4565. 

Logan  Court-House,  or  Araco'ma,  a  post-village, 
jipital  of  Logan  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Guyandotte  River, 
k)out  50  miles  S.S.W.  of  Charleston.     It  has  a  church. 
I  Logan  Creek,  Nebraska,  rises  in  the  N.E.  part  of 
[le  state,  and  runs  southeastward  through  the  cos.  of  Wayne 
[id  Blackbird.     It  next  flows  southward  through  Burt  co., 
id  enters  the  Elkhorn  River  in  Dodge  CO.,  3  miles  E.  of 
Looper.     It  is  about  130  miles  long. 
(  Loga'nia,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co..  Pa. 
I  Logan  Alills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co..  Pa,,  on 
;ishing  Creek,  about  10  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Lock  Haven. 
j  Logan  Mountains,  Australia,  in   Queensland,  are 
bout  lat.  28°  S.,  Ion.  152°  20'  E.,  and  separate  the  sources 
'  the  Darling  River  from  those  of  the  Logan,  a  navigable 
jver  which  enters  the  Pacific  behind  Stradbroko  Island. 
I  Logan's,  lo'ganz,  a  station  in  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
ilabama  Central  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Selma. 
I  Lo'gansburg,  a  station  of  Wabash  co.,  111.,  on  the 
jviro  Jk  Vincennes  Railroad,  31  miles  S.S.W.  of  Vincennes. 
1  Logan's  Creek,  Reynolds  co..  Mo.   See  Barnesville. 

Logan's  Ferry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa., 

.  Plum  township,  on  the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the  Alle- 
iiany  Valley  Railroad,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has 
[church.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Logan's  Peak,  a  peak  of  the  Uintah  Mountains,  near 
jie  boundary  between  Utah  and  Wyoming.  It  rises  13,250 
let  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  and  its  top  is  covered  with 
prpetual  snow.  The  timber-lino  is  about  10,500  feet  high, 
jilow  which  the  sides  are  covered  with  forests  of  pine, 
'  Lo'gansport,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co..  111.,  6  or 
j  miles  E.  of  McLeansborough. 

;  Logansport,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.,  is 
h  the  Wabash  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Eel  River,  117 


miles  S.S.E.  of  Chicago,  75  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Indiannpolig, 
and  37  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lafayette.  It  is  on  the  Wabash  & 
Erie  Canal,  and  on  the  Wabash  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Columbus,  Chicago  <fc  Indiana  Central  Railroad.  It  is  also 
the  terminus  of  the  Richmond  and  State  Line  Branches  of 
the  last-named  road,  the  N.E.  terminus  of  the  Logansport, 
Crawfordsville  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  and  the  S.W.  ter- 
minus of  the  Eel  River  Railroad.  It  contains  a  fine  stone 
court-house,  15  churches,  a  high  school,  a  national  bank,  2 
other  banks,  the  Log.ansport  Female  College,  a  Catholic 
academy,  a  manufactory  of  railroad-cars,  and  several  mills. 
Here  are  large  repair-shops  of  one  of  the  railroads,  which 
employ  nearly  500  men.  This  city  is  an  important  shipping- 
point  for  grain,  lumber,  pork,  <fcc.  Three  daily  and  4  weekly 
newspapers,  2  of  which  are  German,  are  published  here. 
Pop.  in  1870,  8950;  in  1880,  11,198;  in  1890,  13,328. 

Logansport,  a  post-office  of  Butler  oo.,  Ky.,  about  120 
miles  S.S.AV.  of  Louisville. 

Logansport,  a  post-office  of  De  Soto  parish,  La.,  on 
the  Sabine  River,  about  46  miles  S.S.W.  of  Shreveport. 

Logansport,  a  station  in  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  Valley  Railroad  and  the  Alleghany  River,  3i 
miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Logan's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Rutherford  co.,  N.C., 
23  miles  N.W.  of  Shelby.     Pop.  of  township,  1597. 

Lo'gansville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jeficrson  co.,  111.,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Mount  Vernon.     It  has  a  church. 

Logansville,  a  hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  in  Passaio 
township,  2  or  3  miles  from  Basking  Ridge.  It  has  a  pot- 
tery and  a  saw-mill. 

Logansville,  a  borough  of  Clinton  co..  Pa.,  in  Greene 
township,  about  11  miles  S.E.  of  Lock  Haven.  It  has  2 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  stoneware.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Sugar  Valley.     Pop.  414. 

Logan  Valley,  a  post-olfice  of  Cedar  co..  Neb. 

Lo'ganville,  a  post-office  of  Walton  co.,  Ga. 

Loganville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Logan  co.,  0.,  2^  milei 
N.  of  De  Graff.     It  has  a  church. 

Loganville,  a  post-village  of  York  co.,  Pa.,  in  Spring- 
field township,  8  or  9  miles  S.  of  York.  It  has  3  general 
stores.     Pop.  256. 

Loganville,  Sauk  co..  Wis.    See  Westfield. 

Logazohy,  lo-gi'zo-heo',  a  town  of  West  Africa,  N.  o( 
Dahomey.  Lat.  8°  55'  N. ;  Ion.  2°  30'  E.  It  has  an  inner 
wall,  and  markets  well  supplied  with  native  produce  and 
manufactures.     Pop.  from  8000  to  9000. 

Log  Cab'in,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  0.,  about 
33  miles  S.  of  Zanesville.     It  has  a  church. 

Loges,  or  Les  Loges,  li  lozh,  a  village  of  Franco, 
in  Seine-Inferieure,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Havre.    Pop.  2007. 

Loges,  or  Les  Loges,  a  village  of  France,  in  Manche, 
10  miles  S.W.  of  Mortain.     Pop.  1552. 

Loggerhead,  Yucatan.    See  Co.ntoy. 

Loggun,  log^goon',  a  country  of  Africa,  Soodan,  S,  of 
Lake  Chad  and  S.E.  of  Bornoo.  It  is  watered  by  the 
Shary.  Capital,  Kernuk.  Lat.  11°  7'  N.  Its  soil  is  fer- 
tile and  climate  healthy.  The  inhabitants  are  much  more  ; 
intelligent  than  the  negroes  of  the  surrounding  countries, 
and  are  famed  for  the  manufacture  and  dyeing  of  cottou 
goods. 

Log'gy  Bayou,  bi'oo,  a  post-office  of  Red  River 
parish.  La. 

Loghur,  lo^giir'  (Hind.  Lohagor,  "  the  iron  fort"),  a 
strong  hill-fort  of  India,  28  miles  N.W.  of  Poonah. 

Log  Lick,  a  post-office  of  Clark  co.,  Ky. 

Lognini,  lon-yee'nee,  a  small  seaport  on  the  E.  coast 
of  Sicily,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Syracuse. 

Logo,  lo'go,  or  Loko,  lo'ko,  a  district  of  West  Africa, 
N.E.  of  Sierra  Leone.  The  capital,  Porto  Logo,  lat.  8°  40' 
N.,  Ion.  12°  35'  W.,  is  a  neat  town,  extending  along  the 
elevated  banks  of  a  creek  formed  by  the  rivulet  Logo. 

Logroiio,  Io-gr6n'yo,  a  province  of  Spain,  Old  Castile. 
Area,  2378  square  miles.  It  belongs  to  the  basin  of  the 
Ebro,  which  forms  its  N,  boundary.     Pop.  183,205. 

Logroiio,  a  w.alled  town  of  Spain,  capital  of  the  above 
province,  on  the  Ebro,  60  miles  E.  of  Burgos.  Pop.  10,466, 
It  has  several  churches,  convents,  hospitals,  a  theatre,  a 
college,  tanneries,  distilleries,  and  manufactures  of  leather 
and  hats.     It  was  taken  by  the  French  in  1808  and  1823, 

Logrosan,  lo-gro-sin',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
48  miles  E.S.E.  of  Caoeres,  on  the  slope  of  the  Sierra  de 
Toledo.     Pop.  3237, 

Log'town,  a  hamlet  of  El  Dorado  co.,  Cal.,  about  10 
miles  S.  by  W,  of  Placerville.     It  has  a  gold-mine. 

Logtown,  a  hamlet  of  Upson  co.,  Ga.,  6  miles  S.E.  of 
The  Rock  Station. 

Log  Town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ouachita  parish.  La.,  oa 


LOG 


1G8S 


LOJ 


th«  Ounohita  Hirer,  12  miloa  b«1ow  Monro*.  It  has  2 
chiirohcu. 

Logtown,  A  village  of  llanoook  oo.,  Mi«f.,  on  Pearl 
Rirer,  20  iniloa  W.  of  C»y  Snlnt  Louis.  It  ha«  1  or  2 
lumbor-inilta  and  a  church.     Pop.  100. 

Logtown t  a  post-offlco  of  Clermont  oo.,  0. 

LtOgiirh,  lo-gur',  a  rivor  of  AfghaniHtAn,  which,  after  a 
oour<e  of  about  80  nillc8,  joint  the  Cabuol  about  10  miles 
below  the  town  of  Cabool. 

Logurh,  a  village  of  Afghanistan,  on  a  rirer  of  the 
same  name,  IS  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cabool. 

Lo'gy  Bny,  a  flohing  scttlomont  in  the  district  of  St. 
John'f,  Newfoundland,  5  miles  from  St.  John's.     P.  200. 

Iiohiidii^gn,  India.     See  Ldhaudaga. 

IiOhn^or,  India.     See  Logiiitr. 

liohnrn,  lo-h&'r&,  two  towns  of  India,  one  in  the  Ni- 
cam's  dominions,  150  miles  N.W.  of  Hyderabad,  the  other 
in  Uundolcund, -40  miles  W.  of  Callingor. 

Lohardaga,  lo-har-dJl'g&,  written  also  Lohardngga 
and  Lohadiigga,  a  district  of  liongal,  in  Chntii-Nagpoor. 
Lat.  22°  28'-24°  89'  N.;  Ion.  83°  24'-85<'  57'  E.  Area, 
12,044  square  miles.  It  comprises  the  rocky  plateau  of 
Chuta-Nagpoor  proper,  and  a  wild  hill  tract  called  Palamow. 
Rioe,  cotton,  and  oil-sceds  are  leading  products.  Capital, 
Ranchco.     Pop.  1,237,12.1. 

Lohardaga,  a  small  town  of  the  Lohanlaga  district, 
Bengal,  45  miles  W.  of  Ranchee.     It  has  a  largo  market. 

liOharee,  a  town  of  Sinde.     See  Koree. 

IjOheia,  lo-hA,'y&,  %  seaport  town  of  Arabia,  Yemen,  on 
the  Red  Sea,  130  miles  W.N.W.  of  Sana.  It  has  a  few  stone 
houses,  a  mosque,  a  governor's  residence,  custom-house, 
warehouses,  a  shallow  port,  and  trade  in  coffee. 

Lohjana,  lo-jl'nil,  a  town  of  British  India,  in  Bombay, 
Kattywar,  00  miles  S.W.  of  Cambay. 

Lohmansville,  lo-manz'vll,  a  post-hamlct  of  Wash- 
ington CO.,  Minn.,  in  Oakdale  township,  on  the  railroad  be- 
tween St.  Paul  and  Stillwater,  at  Lake  Ehno  Station,  12 
miles  E.  of  St.  Paul.     It  has  a  church  and  5  faniilics. 

laOhmen,  lo'm^n,  a  village  of  Saxony,  12  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Dresden.     Pop.  1343. 

Lohooghaut,  lo-hoo-gawt',  a  village  of  North  India, 
60  miles  E.S.E.  of  Almora. 

liOhr^  loll,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Main,  22  miles 
N.W.  of  WUrtemberg.  Pop.  4256.  It  has  iron-works,  and 
manufactures  of  paper,  oil,  &a. 

Lohurkot,  lo-hfir-kot',  a  fortified  post  of  Northern 
India,  district  of  Gurhwal,  8  miles  S.AV.  of  Bhadrinath. 

Loibcrsdorf,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Lkobkrsdorf. 

LiOigny,  lw4.\*yee',  a  hamlet  of  France,  in  Eure-et-Loir, 
29  miles  S.S.E.  of  Chartres.  Here,  on  December  2,  1870, 
the  Germans  defeated  the  French. 

lioiiig)  IwIn'o  (anc.  Lu'na  ?),  a  river  of  France,  rises  in 
Sainte-Colombe,  department  of  Yonne,  and  joins  the  Seine 
on  the  left.  Length,  70  miles.  It  feeds  two  canals,  by 
means  of  which  the  Seine  communicates  with  the  Loire. 

Loir,  IwaR  (ane.  Lider'icus  /),  a  river  of  France,  rises 
In  the  lagoon  of  Cernay,  department  of  Eure-et-Loir,  and 
joins  the  Sarthe  on  the  left,  6  miles  N.  of  Angers.  Length, 
150  miles. 

Loire,  Iwan  (anc.  Li'ger  ?),  an  important  river  of  Europe, 
and  the  largest  in  France,  rises  in  Mont  Gcrbier-de-Jonc, 
department  of  Ardeche,  at  an  elevation  of  3940  feet,  flows 
N.N.W.  and  W.,  and  enters  the  Bay  of  Biscay  by  a  wide 
estuary  below  Saint-Nazaire,  department  of  Loire-Infcri- 
eure.  Length,  645  miles;  principal  affluents  on  the  right, 
the  Lignon,  Semdne,  Furens,  Coise,  Sornin,  Arroux,  Aron, 
NiSvre,  Authion,  and  Maine;  on  the  left,  the  Borne,  Bebre, 
Acolin,  Allier,  Loiret,  Cher,  Indre,  Viennc,  and  Cosson.  It 
is  navigable  in  descending  from  La  Noirie,  and  in  ascend- 
ing to  Roanne,  department  of  Loire.  The  tide  is  percepti- 
ble as  far  as  Nantes.  Its  course  is  generally  rapid,  and 
navigation  is  interrupted  during  five  or  six  months  in  the 
year  from  want  of  water,  overflowing,  or  freezing.  Dikes 
and  barrages  have  been  constructed  along  a  great  part  of 
its  course.  Vessels  of  upwards  of  300  tons  discharge  at 
Pairaboeuf.  The  Loire  is  connected  by  canals  with  the 
Sa5ne,  Seine,  and  Vilaine.  There  is  communication  between 
Moulins  and  Nantes  by  means  of  the  Allier  and  Loire. 

Loire,  a  department  in  the  S.E.  of  France,  formed  of 
the  old  province  of  Lyonnois.  Area,  1805  square  miles. 
Pop.  in  1891,  616,227.  Surface  generally  elevated  and 
mountainous,  traversed  in  the  S.E.  by  the  mountains  of 
the  Cfivennes,  and  partly  enclosed  between  them  and  the 
mountains  of  Forez ;  the  highest  point  is  Mont  Pila,  in  the 
Civennes.  The  greater  portion  of  the  department  is  'situ- 
ated in  the  basin  of  the  Loire,  and  watered  by  its  affluents 
the  Furens,  Lignon,  and  Sornin ;  the  Rhone  forms  its  limit 


in  the  S.E.  Soil  generally  infertile;  potatoes  and  heo 
are  iuiportant  cropx,  and  the  olicstnuts  of  Lyons  aro  eel 
bratod.  Wines  aro  generally  of  good  quality:  the  best  a 
those  of  the  valley  of  the  Rhone.  Silk-wonns  aro  extci 
sirely  roared,  espeeially  in  the  vicinity  of  Uourg-ArRenti 
where  is  produced  the  finest  silk  in  France  for  tin- 
faoturo  ot  blondes.  From  the  inexhaustible  riehm 
ooal-basin,  this  is  one  of  the  most  important  uiiu 
nartments  in  the  country  :  the  other  mineral  ])roilucu  a 
iron,  marble,  granite,  j>orpliyry,  and  Hint.  There  » 
numerous  mineral  springs,  the  best  frcqueiitotl  of  which  a 
Saint-Alban,  Sail-sous-Cou/.an,  and  Saint-Giiliuicr.  Tl 
manufactures  of  this  department  are  among  the  most  c«l 
brated  and  extensive  in  France,  including  silk  g(M)ii.4,  in 
and  steel,  flint  glass,  &a.  The  department  has  litiet  i 
railway  connecting  the  principal  towns  with  Lyons,  ai 
it  is  divided  into  the  arrondissementti  of  Montbrisun  (tl 
capital),  Roanne,  and  Saint-Etienne. 

Loire,  Iluiite,  France.     Sec  IlAirTK-LoinE. 

Loirc-Iiif<6rieurc,  lwaR'-6»'''fiVe-irR'  ("Low 
Loire"),  a  maritime  department  in  the  N.W.  of  Fr»n( 
formed  of  part  of  the  old  province  of  Bretagne,  situated  ( 
the  Atlantic  Ocean  and  the  Bay  of  Biscay.  Capital,  Nant« 
Area,  2595  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1891,  045,203.  Surfa 
in  general  level,  traversed  by  low  hills,  and  mostly  situiit 
in  the  basin  of  the  Loire  and  its  estuary.  Chief  rivers,  tl 
Loire,  Vilaine,  Erdre,  Briv6,  Stivre-Nantaise,  Moine,  .Miiin 
Acheneau,  and  Ognon.  The  department  contains  nuniero 
lagoons,  among  which  the  Ktang  de  Grand-Lieu  is  t 
largest  in  France.  Soil  generally  fertile.  Agriculture 
an  advanced  state;  chief  products,  grain  and  wines,  t 
latter  nearly  all  pale.  Cattle  are  extensively  reared,  liora 
excellent,  and  sheep  of  good  breeds;  bcus  are  nuiiieroi 
Nantes  is  the  principal  port.  The  department  is  dividi 
into  the  arrondissements  of  Ancenis,  Chdteaubriand,Nant( 
Pairaboeuf,  and  Savenay, 

Loiret,  IwiVA'  (anc.  Li'gerula  ?),  a  river  of  France,  joi 
the  Loire  on  the  left,  near  Orleans.     Length,  10  miles. 

Loiret,  Iwi'ri',  a  department  in  the  N.W.  of  Fram 
forming  part  of  the  old  province  of  Orl^annois.  Capiti 
Orleans.  Area,  2551  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1891,  377,71 
Surface  flat  and  little  elevated.  The  N.  portion  is  situat 
in  the  bsisin  of  the  Seine,  and  watered  by  its  affluents  t 
Loing  and  Essonne,  and  in  the  S.  it  is  traversed  by  t 
Loire,  and  watered  by  its  affluents  the  Loiret,  Cosson,  ai 
Beuvron.  There  are  several  lagoons  in  tlie  basin  of  t 
Loing.  Soil  rich  and  fertile  N.  of  the  Loire,  but  poor  i 
the  S.  of  that  river.  Chief  products,  grain,  wine,  saffro 
lint,  and  timber.  Apples  for  cider  are  extensively  grow 
Wine  mostly  red  and  of  good  quality.  Sheep  and  cati 
are  numerous,  and  of  good  breeds  ;  fowls  and  bees  abundai 
The  important  manufactures  of  which  Orleans  was  former 
the  scat  have  greatly  declined.  The  department  is  divid 
into  the  arrondissements  of  Gien,  Montargis,  Orleans,  ai 
Pithiviers. 

Loir»et-Clier,  Iwan-i-shain',  a  department  in  t 
N.W.  of  France,  formed  of  part  of  the  old  province  of  C 
leannois.  Area,  2389  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1891,  280,33 
Surface  level,  with  numerous  itant/a  (lagoons).  It  is  sit 
ated  in  the  basin  of  the  Loire,  and  watered  by  many  of  i 
affluents.  Soil  generally  fertile,  except  in  the  S.  Agrici 
ture  forms  the  chief  occupation  of  the  population.  T 
wines  are  in  general  of  good  quality:  the  best  arc  those  i 
the  Cher.  Sheep  are  numerous,  and  of  good  breeds ;  hora 
are  excellent.  The  rearing  of  bees  and  fowls  is  an  ii 
portant  branch  of  rural  industry.  The  department  is  c 
vided  into  the  arrondissements  of  Llois  (the  capital),  K 
morantin,  and  Vendomo. 

Loiron,  lwi'r6N«',  a  town  of  France,  in  Mayennc,  ( 
the  Oudon,  7  miles  W.  of  Laval.     Pop.  1151. 

Loisach,  loi'siK,  a  river  of  Germany,  which  rises 
the  N.  of  the  Tyrol,  and  joins  the  Isar  neiir  Wolfratshause 
after  a  course  of  nearly  60  miles. 

Loitz,  loits,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  23  mil 
S.  of  Stralsund,  on  the  Peene.     Pop.  3881. 

Loix,  Iwi,  a  village  of  France,  in  Charente-Inforicui 
15  miles  W.N.W.  of  La  Rochelle.     Pop.  1204. 

Loja,  or  Loxa,  lo'nd,  a  city  of  Spain,  province  and  ! 
miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Granada,  near  the  Ucnil.  It  li 
manufactures  of  coarse  woollens,  cottons,  and  paper.  Lo 
appears,  from  the  coins  and  other  antiquities  found  in 
to  have  been  an  important  Roman  station.  Under  tl 
Moors  it  was  defended  by  a  castle,  which,  as  well  as  t 
town,  was  taken  in  1226  by  Ferdinand  III.     Pop.  11,85(1 

Loja,  or  Loxa,  lo'iiA,  a  town  of  Ecu.ador,  capital  of  t 
province  of  Loja.  It  is  noted  for  its  cinchona.  Lat.  4°  £ 
Ion.  79°  24'  AV.     Pop.  10,000. 


LOJ 


1683 


ION* 


,  Loja,  a  province  in  the  S.W.  of  Ecuador,  bounded  S.  by 
leru,  and  claimed  by  that  country.   It  is  uiountainous,  and 
ich  in  metals.     Capital,  Loja.     Pop.  100,000.  _ 
1  Lojaiio,  lo-yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  16 
kiles  S.  of  Bologna,  on  an  eminence.     Pop.  4S60. 
iLokate-Triulzi,  Italy.    Sec  Locate. 
I  liOkenhaus,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Leuka. 
iLokeren,  lo'li^r-^n,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flan- 
brs,  on  the  Durme,  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ghent,  at  the  juno- 
jon  of  several  railways.     The  streets  are  clean  and  regu- 
ir,  the  market-place  large  and  handsome,  and  the  houses 
bll  built  and  commodious.     Its  public  buildings  comprise 
(spacious  church,  with  a  lofty  tower,  3  chapels,  a  town 
buse,  a  prison,  a  hospital,  an  orphan  asylum,  and  numer- 
\ls  schools  and  benevolent  institutions.     It  has  manufac- 
ires  of  linen  fabrics,  flannels,  serges,  cloth,  cotton  goods, 
Ice,  ropes,  hats,  tobacco,   leather,  soap,  candles,  chiceory, 
p.,  an  iron-foundry,  breweries,  dyeries,  salt-rofineries,  oil- 
[ills,  and  an  active  trade  in  manufactured  goods,  hemp, 
Utle,  and  agricultural  produce.     Pop.  16,912. 

iLokhvitsa,  Lokhvitza,  or  Lochwiza,  lok-vit's^, 
town  of  Russia,  government  and  80  miles  N.AV.  of  Pol- 
va,  on  the  Soola,  near  here  joined  by  the  Lokhvitza. 
)p.  7903. 
liO-Kiang,  lo-ke-ing',  a  river  of  China,  province  of 
oo-Nan,  after  a  N.  and  E.  course  of  300  miles  enters 
ivko  Tong-Ting  on  its  S.  side. 

'Lo-Kiang;  a  town  of  Cliina,  province  of  Se-Chuen,  55 
iiles  N.N.E.  of  Ching-Too-Foo. 

lioknitz,  liik'nits,  a  river  of  Germany,  rises  in  Meck- 
nburg-Schwerin,  and  joins  tlie  Elbe. 
|Loko,  a  district  of  West  Africa.     See  Loco. 
iLokut,  lo'koot',  a  village  of  Hungary,  9  miles  from 
pszprim.    Pop.  1716. 

<Lo'la,  ft  post-office  of  Pratt  co.,  Kansas. 
iLol'la,  a  township  of  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  508. 
tJLoiland)  an  island  of  Denmark.     See  Laai.and. 
jLollara,  lol-ld'ri,  a  town  of  India,  province  of  Guzerat, 
I  miles  S.E.  of  Iladhunpoor. 

JLollighur,  lol-le-gur',  a  village  of  India,  19  miles  S.W. 
[  Jeypoor.     It  has  a  temple  to  Mahadeva. 
jliOin,  lom,  or  Loun,  loon,  a  town  of  Bulgaria,  22  miles 
te.  of  Widin,  on  the  Danube,  near  the  intiu.x  of  the  river 
|.m.     Pop.  3000. 

tLo'ina  Par'da,  a  post-office  of  Mora  co..  New  Mexico. 
.XiO'inax,  a  post-office  of  Chilton  co.,  Ala.,  and  a  station 
I  the  South  &  Xorth  Alabama  llailroad,  43  miles  N.N.W. 
>  Montgomery. 

iLomax,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henderson  co..  111.,  in  Honey 
jeek  township,  on  the  Mississippi  lliver,  and  on  the  Car- 
lage  division  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  .4;  Quincy  llail- 
iid,  about  10  miles  below  Burlington,  Iowa,  and  21  miles 
1  of  Carthage.     It  has  a  church. 

iLomazy,  lo-mi'zhee,  a  town  of  Poland,  province  of 
Sidlec,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Biala.     Pop.  2000. 
[Lomazzo,  lo-ni4t'so,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
|rao,  2  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Appiano,  on  the  Jura.     P.  2733. 
iLom'bard,  a  post-village  of  Du  Page  co.,  111.,  in  York 
ivnship,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  20  miles 
).  of  Chicago.  ,  It  has  a  church.      Pop.  in  1890,  615. 
jLoinbnrdore,  lom-ban-do'ri,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
:);e  and  11  miles  N.  of  Turin.     Pop.  1202. 
iLom'bardville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Osceola  township, 
Ijirk  CO.,  HI.,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Rail- 
iid,  about  40  miles  N.  of  Peoria.     It  has  a  church.     Coal 
fmined  here. 

jLombardviHe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scioto  co.,  0.,  12 
|les  N.W.  of  Portsmouth.  It  has  a  chu^-ch  and  a  saw-mill. 
iiLombardy,  lom'bar-de  (It.  LnmhnnUn,  lom-ban-dee'i ; 
J  Lomhatdta  or  LonrjobardUi),  an  old  division  of  Italy,  so 
ijled  from  its  having  long  been  the  chief  seat  of  the  Lom- 
\rds,  or  Zo»(/oiarrfi,  a  powerful  nation  of  the  Middle  Ages, 
med,  it  is  said,  from  their  long  beards.  Others  derive 
.jngobardi,  or  Langobardi,  as  it  is  sometimes  written,  from 
Jnge  Biirde  (a  "long  fertile  tract"),  a  district  in  Magde- 
lirg,  from  which  region  the  Lombards  are  supposed  to  have 
<ne.  It  now  forms  a  conipartimento  of  the  kingdom  of 
•  .ly,  comprising  the  provinces  of  Bergamo,  Brescia,  Como, 
'Jimona,  Mantua,  Milan,  Pavia,  and  Sondrio.  Area,  9086 
mare  miles.  It  consists  of  a  rich  plain  traversed  by 
f  Po,  but  the  N.  is  mountainous,  being  contiguous  to 
liii  Alpine  countries  of  Switzerland  and  the  Tyrol.     Pop. 

?60,824. Inhab.  Lom'baud. 

jLom'bardy,  a  post-office  of  McDuffie  co.,  Ga. 
Lom'bardy,  or  South  Elms'ley,  a  post-village  in 
■Bd_s  CO.,  Ontario,  7  miles  S,  of  Smith's  Falls.     It  has  a 
I  iring-mill,  a  shingie-mill,  aad  aevoral  stores.     Pop.  150. 


liOmbardy  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mecklenburg  co. 
Va.,  11  miles  E.  of  Boydton,  and  about  60  miles  S.W.  oi 
Petersburg.     It  has  a  hotel,  a  mill,  ifec. 

l.ombeekNotreDame,16.M'bik'n6t'r  dim,  a  villagt 
of  Belgium,  about  12  miles  W.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1720. 

Lonibers,  lix'baift',  a  village  of  France,  in  Tarn, 
arrondissement  of  Alby.     Pop.  1528. 

Lombcz,  li.v^bd',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gers,  19  miles 
S.E.  of  Auch.     Pop.  1714. 

Lom^blem',  or  Lomba'ta,  an  island  of  the  Malay 
Archipelago,  E.  of  Flores,  between  Solor  and  Pantar.  Lat. 
about  8°  20'  S. ;  Ion.  123°  40'  E.  Length,  N.  to  S.,  about 
40  miles;  greatest  breadth,  16  miles. 

Liombok,  lom^bok',  an  island  of  the  Dutch  East  Indies, 
between  lat.  8°  12'  and  9°  I'  S.  and  Ion.  115°  44'  and  116° 
40'  E.,  separated  from  Sumbawa  E.  by  the  Strait  of  Allass, 
and  W.  from  Bali  by  the  Strait  of  Lombok.  Estimated 
area,  1480  square  miles.  Two  mountain-chains  extend 
along  the  N.  and  S.  coasts,  in  the  former  of  which  is  a  vol- 
canic peak,  12,379  feet  in  elevation.  Between  them  is  a 
well-watered  plain,  wholly  cultivated  for  rice,  the  hill-sidea 
producing  coffee  and  maize.  Exports  about  20,000  tons  of 
rice  annually.  The  principal  port,  Ampanam,  on  its  W, 
coast,  is  much  resorted  to  by  European  shipping  and  Amer- 
ican whalers  for  provisions.  Other  principal  towns  are 
Mataram,  the  capital,  and  Lalm-IIadje,  on  the  E.  coast.  It 
is  governed  by  a  rajah,  under  the  Dutch  resident  of  Bali 
and  Lombok.  The  dominant  class  are  of  Brahmanical 
faith,  but  the  mass  of  the  people  are  Malays  (called  Sassaks) 
and  Mohammedans. 

Lombriasco,  lom-bre-is'ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  2  miles 
from  Pancalieri,  on  the  Po.     Pop.  1160. 

LiOmelliua,  lo-mfil-lee'ni,  a  district  of  Italy,  province 
of  Pavia,  in  the  plain  of  the  river  Po,  Capital,  Mortara. 
Pop.  133,242. 

IjOmello,lo-m6l'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Pavia, 
25  miles  S.S.E.  of  Novara.     Pop.  2948. 

Liomi'ra,  a  post-village  of  Dodge  co.,  Wis.,  in  Lomira 
township,  on  the  Fond  du  Lac,  Amboy  &  Peoria  Railroad, 
17  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Fond  du  Lac.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and 
4  general  stores.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1943. 

Lommatsch,  lom'mitsh,  a  town  of  Saxony,  21  milea 
W.N.AV.  of  Dresden.  Pop.  2902.  It  has  manufactures  of 
woollens,  linens,  and  hosiery. 

Lomme,  lomm,  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  3  miles 
AV.  of  Lille.     Pop.  1250. 

Lommel,  lom'm^l,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Limbourg, 
20  miles  N.  of  Hassolt.     Pop.  2900. 

Liomnica,  lom-neet'sS,  a  river  of  Austria,  in  Galicia, 
joins  the  Dniester  a  little  above  Halicz.     Length,  50  miles. 

Lomnitz,  lom'nitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  20  miles  N.  of 
Bidschow.     Pop.  3785. 

liomnitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  circle  of  Budweis,  on  the 
Goldbach.     Pop.  1100. 

LiOtnnitz,  mountains  of  Hungary.    See  CAnPAxniANS. 

Lomnitz,  a  town  of  Moravia,  6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Briinn, 
on  the  Zlaberbach.     Pop.  1500. 

Lio'mo,  a  post-office  of  Butte  co.,  Cal. 

Lo'inonville,  a  post-office  of  Hall  co.,  Ga. 

Lomov,  two  towns  of  Russia.    See  Lamov. 

I.om'poc,  a  post-village  of  Santa  Barbara  co.,  Cal., 
about  50  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Santa  Barbara.  It  has  4 
churches  and  a  high  school. 

liOmza,  or  Lomsha,  lom'zhi,  a  government  of  Rus- 
sia, in  Poland,  having  East  Prussia  on  the  N.W.,  and  the 
government  of  Grodno  on  the  £.  Area,  4666  square  miles. 
Capital,  Lomza.     Pop.  501,385, 

Lomza,  lora'zhi,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  on  the 
Narev,  72  miles  S.W.  of  Suwalki.  Pop.  13,335.  It  has  a 
college,  a  gymnasium  in  which  students  receive  gratuitous 
education,  an  arsenal,  paper-mills,  and  tanneries. 

Lo^naco'ning,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Cumberland  &  Pennsylvania  Railroad  (Jackson  Sta- 
tion), 16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cumberland.  It  extends  3  miles 
along  the  railroad,  is  in  a  mountainous  region,  and  is  sup- 
ported by  rich  coal-mines.  It  has  10  churches  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  about  5000. 

Lionate'Pozzuolo,  lo-ni'ti-pot-su-oHo,  a  village  of 
Italy,  in  Lombardy,  23  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Milan.    Pop.  4417. 

Lonato,  lo-ni'to,  a  town  of  Lombardy,  13  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Brescia,  2i  miles  S.W.  of  Lago  di  Garda.  Pop.  6462.  It 
is  enclosed  by  walls,  defended  by  a  citadel,  and  is  celebrated 
for  the  victory  of  Napoleon  over  the  Austrians  in  1796. 

Londa,  lon'di,  a  village  of  Tuscany,  province  and  17 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Florence.     Pop.  2347. 

Liondari,  a  town  of  Greece.    See  Lkoxdari. 

Londerzeei,  Id^M^r-zoil',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  South 


LON 


168^f 


LOX 


Brabant,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Brussels,  on  the  railway  between 
Mechlin  and  Ci bent.     Pup.  44 SO. 

Loiide8borough«  lon'dfs-bQr^rilh,  a  post-village  in 
Uuron  00.,  Ontario,  on  the  river  Maitland,  m  miles  N.  of 
Clinton.     It  ountains  several  stores.     Pop.  25U. 

JUondini^res,  loN<>'doo'ne-aiii',  a  town  of  France,  in 
6eine-Int'(!riourc,  7  miles  N.  of  Ncufch^tcl.     Pop.  1141. 

liOnduUt  IQn'd^n  (Londin'ium  and  Aiirjui'ta  ;  Fr.  Lan- 
dre»,  liiid'r  ;  Sp.  Londret,  lon'ilrfis ;  Port.  LGndret,  lOn'dr^Ss ; 
lU  Londrn,  I6it'dr& ;  Ger.  Lon'don  ;  Dutcli,  Lon'den),  the 
capital  city  of  England,  and  the  seat  of  fi^ovurnment  of  the 
British  empire;  the  city  proper,  with  the  major  part  of 
the  metropolis,  being  in  the  county  of  Middlesex,  on  the  N. 
bank  of  the  Thames,  here  crossed  by  i;j  bridges ;  but  sev- 
eral extensive  quarters  are  on  the  S.  side  of  the  river,  and 
the  whole  capital  occupies  part  of  the  counties  of  Middlesex, 
Essex,  Surrey,  and  Kent.  Lat.  of  St.  Paul's,  51°  30'  49.14" 
N.;  Ion.  0°  5'  48..32"  \V.  of  Greenwich.  Measured  by  the 
course  of  the  river  it  is  60  miles  from  the  sea  at  the  Nore. 

According  to  its  divisional  boundaries,  the  areas  of  Lon- 
don  are :  "  Greater  London,"  of  the  Uegistrar-General's 
Weekly  Returns,  including  the  Metropolitan  Police  District 
(440,891  acres)  and  the  city  of  London  within  the  munici- 
pal and  parliamentary  limits  (668  acres),  441,669  acres,  or 
nearly  690  square  miles;  the  Central  Criminal  Court  Dis- 
trict, 268,391  acres,  or  about  421  square  miles;  the  Metro- 
politan Parliamentary  Boroughs,  80,126  acres,  or  nearly 
126  square  miles ;  within  the  Registrar-General's  Tables 
of  Mortality,  75,334  acres,  or  118  square  miles;  within 
the  limits  of  the  Metropolis  Local  Management  Act  and 
the  School  Board  District,  75,422  acres,  or  nearly  118  square 
miles  each.  The  diocese  of  London  comprises  the  whole 
of  Middlesex  and  five  parishes  in  Surrey.  It  is  somewhat 
difficult,  owing  to  the  wide  and  rapid  spread  of  its  suburbs, 
to  define,  with  any  exactness,  the  area  of  the  unofficial 
boundaries  of  London. 

Previous  to  the  year  1885,  London  had  10  parliamentary 
boroughs.  In  that  year  they  were  increased  to  27,  return- 
ing 61  members  to  the  House  of  Commons.  These  boroughs, 
■with  their  populations  at  the  date  of  the  last  census  (1891), 
are  as  follows :  Battersea  and  Clapham,  194,156;  Bothnal 
Green,  129,134;  Camberwell,  235,312;  Chelsea,  96,275; 
Deptford,  101,326;  Finsbury,  141,544;  Fulhara,  91,640; 
Greenwich,  64,091 ;  Hackney,  229,531 ;  Hammersmith, 
97,237;  Hampstead,  68,425  ;  Islington,  319,433  ;  Kensing- 
ton, 166,321;  Lambeth,  275,202;  Lewisham,  88,653 ;  Lon- 
don City,  38,345;  Marylebone,  142,381;  Newington,  115,- 
663;  Paddington,  117,838;  St.  Pancras,  234,437  ;  Shoreditch, 
124.009;  Southwark,  223,330;  Tower  Hamlets,  451,869; 
Wandsworth,  113,233;  West  Ham,  204,902;  Westminster, 
198,890,  and  Woolwich,  98,966. 

Pop.  of  London  in  1801,  958,863 ;  in  1811,  1,138,815  ;  in 
1821,  1,378,947;  in  1831,  1,654,994;  in  1841,  1,948,369; 
in  1851,  2,362,236;  in  1861,  2,803,989;  in  1871,  3,254,260; 
in  1881,  3,814,671 ;  in  1891,  4,231,431  ;  within  the  Metro- 
politan Police  District,  5.595,638;  within  the  Metropolitan 
and  City  of  London  Police  District,  5,633,332.  London 
has  1400  churches  and  chapels,  45  theatres,  and  about 
400  music-halls  and  concert-rooms.  Thirteen  bridges,  be- 
sides 5  railroad-bridges,  cross  the  Thames;  of  those,  Lon- 
don Bridge  is  the  extreme  E.  and  Hammersmith  Bridge 
the  extreme  W.  The  metropolis  has  many  public  parks, 
of  which  the  chief  are  Hyde  Park  (390  acres),  Ken- 
sington Gardens  (360  acres).  Regent's  Park  (470  acres), 
(the  latter  containing  the  gardens  of  the  Zoological  Society 
and  the  Botanical  Society),  St.  James'«  Park  (80  acres), 
the  Green  Park  (70  acres),  Battersea  Park  (180  acres),  nnd 
Victoria  Park  (300  acres).  The  suburbs  of  the  metrop- 
olis boast  of  extensive  commons,  Ilampetead  Heath,  Clap- 
ham  Common,  Blackheath,  Streatham  Common,  Wands- 
worth Common,  Wormwood  Scrubs,  and  Tooting  Common 
being  among  them.  The  more  important  thoroughfares 
in  London  (X.  of  the  Thames)  run  mostly  E.  and  W.  Start- 
ing from  Cheapside  and  the  Poultry,  in  the  heart  of  the 
oity,  as  a  point  to  which  many  important  routes  converge, 
two  lines  pass  off  eastward  at  the  open  space  bounded  by 
the  Mansion  House,  the  Bank  of  England,  and  the  Royal 
Exchange,  viz.,  Lombard  and  Fenchurch  streets,  and  Corn- 
hill,  with  its  continuation,  Leadenhall  street,  which  eon- 
verge  at  Aldgate,  and  the  united  line  is  continued  into 
Whitechapel,  where  it  divides,  one  passing  by  Whitechapel 
and  Mile-end  Roads  to  Bow  and  Stratford,  the  other  by  the 
Commercial  Road  to  East  and  West  India  Docks.  A  new 
street  (Queen  Victoria  street)  has  been  completed  from  the 
Mansion  House  to  Blaekfriars  Bridge,  which  forms  a  con- 
tinuation of  the  road  on  the  Thames  Embankment.  Pro- 
Meding  from  Cheapside  westward,  a  main  thoroughfare 


continues  on  the  N.  side  of  Ilydo  Park  to  Bayswator  and 
Netting  Hill;  from  near  London  Bridge  there  is  a  nearly 
parallel  line  of  streets,  terminating  at  St.  James's  Palaoa 
and  the  Green  Park.  The  S.  and  E.  jiarts  of  the  me- 
tropolis are  meanly  or  indifl'erently  built.  But  \V.  of 
Gray's  Inn  Road  and  Tem])le  Bar  the  magnitude  of  the 
residences,  and  continuous  lines  of  handsome  f-trccts,  ar« 
very  remarkable;  and  although  nearly  the  whole  of  Lon- 
don  is  built  of  brick,  the  facings  and  style  of  many  of  the 
buildings  give  the  whole  a  highly-imposing  character.  In 
the  city  and  some  other  parts,  many  of  the  old  buildinn 
have  been  removed,  and  palatial  structures,  for  busineta 
purposes,  erected  in  their  place.  On  every  outskirt,  par- 
ticularly along  the  lines  of  the  various  railways,  new  quar- 
ters are  rajiidly  springing  up.  In  the  reign  of  George  IV_ 
Pimlico  became  a  suburb  boasting  of  a  good  deal  of  archi- 
tectural display ;  but,  although  much  building  has  been 
[)rogressing  in  that  direction,  fashion  has  latterly  preferred 
the  N.  side  of  Hyde  Park  and  South  Kensington  ;  nnd  be- 
tween the  Regent's  Park  and  Bayswater  a  magnificent 
quarter  is  rapidly  extending.  Since  1850  great  iiiiprore- 
ments  have  been  ellected  in  the  metropolis ;  notably,  the 
Thames  Embankments — the  Victoria,  on  the  N.  side  of  the 
river,  from  Westmintitcr  Bridge  to  Blaekfriars  Ilridgc, 
opened  in  1870,  reclaimed  37i  acres,  previously  a  mud-bank 
at  low  water;  it  has  a  road  throughout  its  entire  length 
100  feet  wide,  with  landing-stages  from  the  river-steamers ; 
it  also  has  subways  for  the  sewers,  gas-  and  water-pipej, 
and  railway.  The  interior  is  laid  out  in  ornamental  gar- 
dens, and  forms  a  pleasing  promenade.  The  new  Charing 
Cross  approach,  which  passes  over  the  site  of  Northumber- 
land House,  gives  free  access  to  Charing  Cross.  The  Al- 
bert, opened  in  1869,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river,  from 
Westminster  Bridge  to  Vauxliall  Bridge,  is  similar  to  the 
other;  but  the  space  within  the  roadway  is  utilized  by  the 
St.  Thomas's  Hospital,  an  elegant  structure,  consisting  of 
seven  separate  buildings,  connected  on  the  ground-floor  by 
covered  corridors ;  it  was  opened  by  the  queen,  Juno  21, 
1871.  The  embankment  at  Chelsea  is  in  process  of  forma- 
tion. The  Holborn  Viaduct,  opened  (with  Blaekfriars 
Bridge)  in  1869,  is  another  very  useful  improvement;  itcar- 
ries  a  level  road  over  what  was  originally  the  Farringdon 
Road,  by  an  ornamental  bridge,  in  the  place  of  Holborn  Hill, 
with  approaches  and  connections  from  the  low  level.  On 
the  S.  side  of  the  river  the  new  Southwark  street  from  the 
Borough  to  Blaekfriars  Road  is  lined  by  handsome  ware- 
houses and  offices.  A  very  complete  system  of  drainage 
has  also  been  established,  by  which  the  whole  of  the  sewer- 
age of  London,  both  N.  and  S.  of  the  Thames,  is  carried  to 
points  12  and  14  miles  below  London  Bridge  and  discharged 
into  the  river  at  ebb-tides.  This  great  work  was  finished 
in  1875.  It  consists  of  two  distinct  systems  of  inter- 
cepting sewers, — one  for  London  N.  of  the  Thames,  the 
other  for  London  S.  of  that  river.  It  drains  an  area  of  117 
square  miles,  and  cost  £4,607,000.  The  expenses  of  these 
and  other  improvements  of  a  less  general  character  are  to 
be  repaid  from  the  coal  and  wine  duties,  and  a  tax  on  the 
householders  of  the  metropolis,  extending  over  a  series  of 
years.     There  are  12  public  parks,  8  being  on  the  N.  and 

4  on  the  S.  side  of  the  river;  many  of  them  contain  orna- 
mental lakes,  are  well  planted,  surrounded  with  fine  ter- 
races, and  form  favorite  promenades.  The  immediate  banks 
of  the  Thames,  except  along  the  embankments,  have  little 
embellishment,  being  crowded  mostly  with  wharves  and 
factories ;  the  new  Houses  of  Parliament,  which  cost 
£3,000,000,  Somerset  House,  the  Temple,  custoui-house, 
Fishmongers'  Hall,  the  Coal  Exchange,  St.  Ste))hen's  club- 
house. National  Opera-House,  the  New  Billingsgate  Mar- 
ket, and  the  Tower,  are  almost  the  only  buildings  of  interest 
fiveing  the  river.  Across  the  Thames,  here  760  to  1200  feet 
wide,  E.  to  W.,  are  London,  Cannon  street  railway,  South- 
wark, Blaekfriars,  Waterloo,  Charing  Cross  railway,  West- 
minster, Lambeth,  Vauxhall,  Victoria  railway,  Chelsea, 
Albert,  Battersea,  and  Wandsworth  bridges  ;  and  nearly  2 
miles  below  the  first  is  the  tunnel  under  its  bed,  now  used  by 
a  railway.  Between  the  Tower  and  Tooley  street  there  is 
a  subway  or  passenger  tunnel  beneath  the  river.  London 
Bridge,  a  structure  of  stone,  with  5  arches,  and  928  feet  in 
length,  was  completed  in  1831,  at  a  cost  of  £2,000,000. 
Waterloo  Bridge  is  a  beautiful  stone  edifice  of  9  arches,  1242 
feet  in  length,  built  at  a  cost  of  £1,150,000.  Westminster 
Bridge  is  of  iron ;  it  is  the  widest  of  the  bridges,  and  is  ex- 
tremely handsome.  Blaekfriars  Bridge  is  also  of  iron,  having 

5  arches  on  8  polished  granite  columns.  Southwark  is  of 
iron  ;  Vauxhall  of  iron  and  stone  ;  Charing  Cross  is  a  rail- 
way- and  foot-bridge  ;  and  Chelsea-  is  a  suspension-bridge. 
London  is  distinguished  by  the  great  number  and  beauty 


LON 


1685 


LON 


f  ii8  squares,  in  all  nearly  200,  including  crescents,  <fec., 
if  which  the  best  known  are  Belgrave,  Eaton,  Urosvcnor, 
lerkeley,  St.  James's,  Leicester,  Trafalgar,  Hanover,  Cav- 
bdish,  and  Portman  Squares  in  the  W.,  and  Russell,  Bed- 
brd,  Bloomsbury,  Tavistock,  Euston,  Park,  and  Brunswick 
jquares,  with  Lincoln's  Inn  Fields,  towards  the  centre  and 
B.  All  of  these  are  ornamented  with  gardens  in  the  centre, 
koept  Trafalgar  Square,  which  is  an  open  area  containing 
buntains  and  statues.  The  other  principal  out-door  statues 
ire  more  than  70  in  number.  The  Albert  Memorial  in 
ffyde  Park,  to  the  late  Prince  Consort,  opened  by  the  queen 
h  July,  1872,  is  64  feet  high,  and  of  very  elaborate  design. 
Fhe  royal  metropolitan  palaces  are  St.  James's,  Bucking- 
lam,  and  Kensington.  The  principal  public  buildings  in 
iie  city  are  St.  Paul's  Cathedral,  a  noble  structure  of  Gre- 
Ran  architecture,  514  feet  in  length,  286  feet  in  breadth, 
Hth  a  dome  370  feet  in  height,  and  completed  by  Sir  Chris- 
bpher  Wren  between  1675  and  1710,  at  a  cost  of  £747,974; 
Jie  stone  of  which  the  cathedral  is  built  is  an  oolite  (called 
jbrost  marble),  from  Oxfordshire  ;  the  Mansion  House,  bank, 
iloyal  Exchange,  East  India  Chambers,  Broad  Street  Cham- 
lers,  Palmcrston  Buildings,  Cornhill  Chambers,  city  offices, 
eneral  post-office  (2  buildings),  custom-house,  Christ's  and 
t.  Bartholomew's  hospitals,  the  halls  of  the  city  companies, 
uild  hall,  city  library  and  museum,  Newgate  prison,  the 
emplc,  the  Monument,  new  meat-  and  poultry-markets  at 
mithfield,  new  Billingsgate  Market,  and  Farringdon  Mar- 
ot;  also  an  extraordinary  number  of  churches,  with  spires 
nd  towers  of  very  various  architecture.  The  new  termi- 
nus of  the  Great  Eastern  (Liverpool  street),  and  the  termini 
if  the  North  London  (Broad  street)  and  London,  Chatham, 
%  Dover  Railways,  the  chief  station  of  the  Metropolitan 
Elailway  (Liverpool  street),  and  Cannon  street  Station,  are 
ilso  in  the  city.  The  Great  Eastern  terminus  is  the  largest 
'tation  in  London,  being  2000  feet  long,  and  covering  an 
irea  of  10  acres.  Immediately  westward  is  Westminster, 
leparated  from  the  city  by  Temple  Bar,  and  comprising 
ilyde,  St.  James's,  and  the  Green  Parks;  Westminster 
ibbey,  the  Houses  of  Parliament,  courts  of  law,  West- 
minster Hospital,  Westminster  Hall,  a  noble  old  room,  290 
teet  long  by  110  feet  high,  and  the  sessions-house,  all  clus- 
ered  together  near  Westminster  Bridge  ;  the  new  courts  of 
tiw,  near  Temple  Bar;  the  government  offices  in  Downing 
trcet  and  Whitehall ;  the  large  block  of  new  government 
iffices  between  Parliament  street  and  St.  James's  Park, 
omprising  the  Foreign,  Home,  Colonial,  and  India  Offices, 
ivhich  was  completed  in  1875  ;  the  Horse-Guards  and  Admi- 
[alty;  St.  Martin's  church  and  the  National  Gallery,  sur- 
lounding  Trafalgar  Square ;  Italian  opera-houses,  and  the 
Ither  principal  theatres ;  Albert  Hall  and  Royal  llorticul- 
hiral  Gardens ;  South  Kensington  Museum  and  Science 
khools;  the  new  natural  history  museum,  Covent  Garden 
Ijlarket,  Charing  Cross  and  Victoria  Railway  stations,  Royal 
Muariura,  Millbank  prison,  Somerset  House  and  King's 
wllege,  the  Roman  Catholic  University,  the  geological 
buseum ;  St.  James's,  Buckingham,  and  Kensington  Pal- 
Lces,  Marlborough  House,  the  residence  of  the  Prince  of 
*Valcs;  the  principal  club-houses,  and  the  residences  of 
bany  of  the  nobility.  Burlington  House  and  grounds  are 
|iccupied  by  extensive  buildings  for  the  Royal  Academy, 
London  University,  lloyal.  Geological,  Linnaean,  Chemical, 
Ind  Royal  Astronomical  Societies,  and  the  Society  of  An- 
fiquarics.  Westminster  Abbey  was  originally  a  Benedictine 
Monastery,  founded  by  Sebcrt,  King  of  the  East  Saxons, 
S.nd  rebuilt,  nearly  as  now  existing,  in  the  reigns  of  Henry 
fll.  and  Edward  I.  The  kings  and  queens  of  England 
fiave  been  crowned  here  from  the  time  of  Edward  the  Con- 
fessor to  Queen  Victoria,  and  many  of  them  are  here  buried. 
jtt  is  530  feet  long,  203  feet  wide,  and  the  west  tower  is  225 
feet  high.  Westminster  is  the  seat  of  a  Roman  Catholic 
jirchbishop.  The  borough  of  Chelsea  comprises  theW.  and 
most  fashionable  part  of  the  metropolis,  adorned  with  many 
f)alatial  mansions,  and  containing  the  Royal  Chelsea  Hos- 
bital  for  military  pensioners.  Lord  Holland's  park,  the 
l3ishop  of  London's  palace,  and  Consumption  Hospital.  The 
fwrongh  of  Marylebone,  forming  the  N.W.  section  of  the 
jnetropolis,  excluding  Hampstoad,  has  an  opulent  popula- 
,-ion  and  regular  streets,  and  contains  Regent's  Park,  with 
[;he  gardens  of  the  Zoological  and  Botanic  Societies,  several 
•ihurches,  the  University  college,  Middlesex  and  several 
')ther  hospitals,  and  the  termini  of  the  Great  Western,  Mid- 
and,  and  Great  Northern  Railways.  Finsbury  comprises 
pe  quarters  N.  of  the  city  and  of  a  part  of  Westminster, 
'ind  contains  Finsbury  Park,  the  British  Museum,  Lincoln's 
■[nn  and  Gray's  Inn,  St.  Luke's  Hospital,  the  reservoir  of 
•;ho  New  River  Company,  Sessions  House,  Clerkenwell,  Hol- 
«oway,  and  Pentonville  prisons,  Royal  Caledonian  Asylum, 


several  hospitals,  Charter-house,  and  the  cattle-market  in 
Copenhagen  Fields,  near  the  Caledonian  Road.  The  mar- 
ket covers  a  large  area,  is  fitted  up  with  every  convenience 
for  up-putting  of  stock,  and  large  shambles  have  been 
erected  on  the  most  scientific  principles.  The  borough  of 
Hackney  comprises  the  N.B.  portion  of  the  metropolis,  and 
contains  the  greater  part  of  Victoria  Park,  the  East  Lon- 
don Museum,  London  Orphan  Asylum,  Columbia  Market, 
and  French  and  German  hospitals.  'The  Tower  Hamlets, 
in  the  E.,  contains  the  Tower,  Mint,  St.  Katharine's,  East 
and  West  India,  South,  and  London  docks,  the  London  Hos- 
pital, and  numerous  charitable  institutions.  Southwark 
contains  St.  Saviour's  church,  the  third  in  importance  of  the 
London  churches,  with  an  interesting  Ladye  chapel,  and 
some  fine  monuments ;  Guy's  Hospital,  Bethlehem  Hospital 
for  lunatics,  a  Roman  Catholic  cathedral,  Surrey  Theatre, 
the  Queen's  Bench  prison,  leather-  and  borough-markets, 
Southwark  Park,  Surrey  Commercial  Docks,  and  the  united 
termini  of  the  London,  Brighton  &  South-Coast  and  South- 
eastern Railways ;  and  in  Lambeth  are  the  palace  of  tho 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury,  St.  Thomas's  Hospital,  Ken- 
nington  Park,  Surrey  county  jail,  Victoria  and  Astley's 
theatres,  and  the  terminus  of  the  London  &  Southwestern 
Railway.  (See  also  Deptford,  Greenavich,  Woolwich,  &c.) 
It  is  impossible  here  to  enumerate  even  the  principal  of 
the  charitable  endowments  and  schools  in  the  metropolis, 
which  are  not  less  than  600  in  number.  London  has  since 
1837  been  the  seat  of  a  university,  with  which  numerous 
colleges  throughout  the  country  are  in  connection.  Among 
its  principal  scientific  associations  are  tho  Royal  Society 
and  Society  of  Arts,  the  Linnsean,  Horticultural,  Medical 
and  Chirurgical,  Geological,  Royal  Geographical,  Astronom- 
ical, Asiatic,  Zoological,  Meteorological  and  Statistical, 
Pharmaceutical,  Philharmonic,  Photographic,  and  Royal 
Microscopical  Societies,  Royal  and  London  Institutions,  and 
Anthropological  Institute.  In  one  year  over  400  news- 
papers, 24  of  them  being  dailies,  were  published  in  London. 
The  printers,  publishers,  and  vendors  of  literary  works 
comprise  about  2200  firms,  those  engaged  in  book  publish- 
ing being  located  for  the  most  part  on  Paternoster  Row 
and  Covent  Garden,  and  those  in  the  newsi)aper  business 
mostly  in  Fleet  street  and  that  locality.  The  principal 
manufactures  are  those  of  silk,  beer,  spirits,  soap,  vinegar, 
refined  sugar,  chemical  articles,  cutlery,  machinery,  watches 
and  jewelry,  coaches,  furniture,  type-founding,  engineer- 
ing, and  ship-building.  The  silk-manufacture  is  confined 
to  Spitalfields.  Watch-making  is  chiefly  conducted  in 
Clerkenwell ;  coach-making  in  Long  Acre  and  Grent  Queen 
street;  tanning  in  Bermondsey ;  sugar-refining  in  White- 
chapel;  hat-making  in  Bermondsey  and  Southwark;  and 
ship-building  chiefly  E.  of  London  Bridge. 

London,  the  largest  and  richest  city  in  the  world,  is 
thickly  planted  with  houses,  mostly  3,  4,  and  5  stories  high. 
It  contains  many  public  schools,  of  which  tho  chief  are, 
Westminster,  St.  Paul's,  Christ  Church  (Bluecoat),  Mer- 
chant Tailors'  (Charterhouse),  City  of  London  Schools, 
and  University  College  Schools.  In  addition  to  these, 
there  are  some  368  schools,  accommodating  about  340,000 
children,  under  the  management  of  the  London  School 
Board.  There  are  over  300  hos]>itals,  dispensaries,  infirm- 
aries, asylums,  and  almshouses.  The  docks  of  London  have 
a  river  frontage  of  4  miles  from  the  Tower  to  Blackwall, 
and  an  area  of  666  acres.  The  two  West  India  Docks  cover 
295  acres,  one  East  India  Dock  32  acres,  and  South  Dock 
33  acres  ;  St.  Katharine's  Docks  cover  24  acres.  The  Surrey 
Commercial  Docks  at  Rotherhitheare  13  in  number,  through 
which  is  the  entrance  to  the  Surrey  Canal.  These  are  cliietly 
employed  in  the  Baltic  trade.  The  new  docks  at  Tilbury, 
erected  under  the  auspices  of  the  East  and  West  India 
Dock  Company,  have  a  water  space  of  nearly  80  acres, 
and  about  12,000  feet  of  quay  room.  The  Thames  is 
tidal  up  to  Woolwich  for  ships  of  any  burden  ;  to  Blackwall 
for  those  of  1400  tons.  The  tide  ascends  about  15  miles 
above  London  Bridge.  At  Kingston  the  daily  discharge  of 
water  ranges  from  a  minimum  of  about  350,000,000  gallons 
to  a  maximum  of  about  25,000,000,000  gallons  ;  the  average 
is  1,350,000,000  gallons.  Mean  range  of  the  tides  at  Lon- 
don Bridge,  about  17  feet;  highest  spring  tides,  22  feet. 
There  are  generally  about  5000  vessels  and  3000  boats  on 
the  river,  employing  thousands  of  watermen  and  laborers. 

The  metropolis  is  fairly  supplied  with  water  ;  the  total 
supply  per  head  per  day  is  20.9  gallons.  Of  this  quantity 
the  New  River  Company  supplies  nearly  half.  The  port  of 
London  extends  to  Gravesend,  30  miles  down  the  river,  and 
from  Limehouse  to  London  Bridge  there  is  a  continuous 
crowd  of  mercantile  shipping.  Around  London  several 
parks  have  been  laid  out  for  the  recreation  of  the  inhab- 


LOV 


18M 


LON 


ItnnU.  An  Aot  of  Parliament  prohibit  burial  within  tho 
inetronoliii,  and  innny  new  ceinetorioj  have  been  formed  in 
the  tuburbs.  These  are  iit  Konsal  (Jreen,  HiKti((i»te,  Finch- 
ley,  Kilburn,  Stolce  Nowington,  Mile-end,  Peolchnm,  Lonis- 
h«m,  Norwood,  &o.  Tho  city  of  London  ia  divided  into  28 
wards,  and  governed  by  a  mayor,  to  whom  in  granted  the 
lordnhip  of  Pinnbury,  whence  he  obtains  the  title  of  Lord 
Mayor,  inoome  £IO,OUO  a  year,  and  by  the  oourta  of  alder- 
men and  of  common  council,  elected  by  the  freemen.  Tho 
remainder  of  the  metropolis  is  under  the  jurisdiction  of 
the  Metropolitan  Board  of  Works,  constituted  by  an  aot  of 
1866,  oomposod  of  45  members,  elected  by  the  res])octive 
yeetries,  for  the  carrying  out  and  maintenance  of  oanitary 
works,  and  improvements  within  its  area.  Some  idea  of 
the  immense  traffic  may  be  formed  when  it  is  stated  that 
there  are  about  1500  omnibuses  and  about  10,000  cabs,  with 
about  1 3,000  oab-dri  vers,  in  London,  and  it  is  computed  that, 
on  an  average  day  of  24  hours,  170,000  ])ersons  and  20,000 
vehicles  cross  London  Bridge,  and  that  1000  vehicles  an 
hour  pass  through  Cheapside.  In  one  year  60,71 1,272  pas- 
sengers and  .'?4,6.'{0  senson-ticket  holders  travelled  by  tho 
underground  railways,  which  run  from  the  city  by  King's 
Cross  to  Paddington,  thence  to  Kensington,  Westminster, 
along  the  Thames  Embankment,  into  the  city,  to  be  con- 
tinued eventually  to  form  a  complete  circuit ;  it  connects 
with  the  Great  Western,  Great  Northern,  Great  Eastern, 
and  Midland  Railways;  about  650  trains  pass  through  the 
King's  Cross  Station  daily.  Trinohatitnm,  or  the  town  of 
the  frinohantet,  was  probably  the  name  of  London  at  the 
time  of  the  Romnn  invasion,  while  Lundiiiium  was  its 
Roman  name,  Colonia  Augusta  being  another  of  its 
Roman  appellations.  The  etymology  of  the  name  shows, 
however,  that  it  was  derived  from  tho  Celtic  Uyn-Din.  It 
was  rebuilt  and  fortified  by  the  Romans  in  306,  and  became 
a  place  of  great  trade.  It  was  the  capital  of  the  Bust 
6axon9,  and  made  a  bishop's  see  in  610.  In  804  it  berame 
the  capital  of  England  under  Alfred  the  Grejt,  and  obtained 

its  first   chnrter  from  William  the  Conqueror. Inhab. 

Londoner,  liin'dpn-^r. 

London,  Ifin'd^n,  a  post-office  of  Pope  co.,  Ark. 

Iiondon,  Fulton  oo..  III.    See  Londo:j  Mills. 

London,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.,  on  Sugar 
Creek  16  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Indianapolis.    It  has  a  church. 

London,  a  post-office  in  London  township,  Sumner  co., 
Kansas,  on  the  Ninnescah  River,  18  miles  S.  of  Wichita. 
Pop.  of  township,  453. 

London,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Laurel  oo.,  Ky.,  about 
70  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lexington.  It  has  a  church,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  a  seminary.     Coal  is  found  here. 

London,  a  post-hamlet  in  London  township,  Monroe 
CO.,  Mich.,  about  37  miles  S.W.  of  Detroit.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1222, 

London,  a  township  of  Freeborn  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Iowa  line.     Pop.  415. 

London,  a  post-office  of  Atchison  co,,  Mo.,  66  miles 
N.N.W.  of  St.  Joseph. 

London,  a  post-haralet  of  Nemaha  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
Little  Nemaha  River,  6  miles  W.  of  Brownsville.  It  has  2 
churches  and  10  families. 

London,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Madison  co.,  0.,  in 
Union  township,  on  the  Columbus,  Springfield  k  Cincinnati 
Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Little  Miami  Railroad,  25 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Columbus,  and  20  miles  E.  of  Springfield. 
It  has  5  churches,  a  national  bank,  2  other  banks,  and  a 
union  school.  Three  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.     Pop.  in  1880,  3067;  in  1890,  3313. 

London,  a  post-village  of  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  in  Spring- 
field township,  4  miles  S.AV.  of  Pine  Grove  Station,  and 
about  16  miles  N.E.  of  New  Castle.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  carriage-factory. 

London,  a  post-village  of  Rusk  co.,  Tex.,  3  miles  from 
iOvorton.  It  has  3  churches,  a  sugar-mill,  k(i. 
-■  Loudon,  a  city  of  Ontario,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Middle- 
Bex,  on  the  river  Thames,  121  miles  W,  of  Toronto,  and  107 
miles  E. N.E.  of  Windsor.  It  has  a  fine  appearance:  the 
Streets  are  lit  with  gas,  and  are  wide  and  run  at  right  angles 
to  one  another.  Upon  them  are  many  excellent  buildings. 
It  is  surrounded  by  a  fine  agricultural  region,  and  is  an 
important  railway  centre,  being  tho  junction  of  the  Great 
AVestern  with  the  branch  to  Sarnia,  the  N.  terminus  of  the 
London  &  Port  Stanley  Railway,  and  having  a  branch  of  the 
Grand  Trunk  from  St.  Mary's.  London  contains  6  branch 
banks,  fine  hotels  and  stores,  offices  issuing  3  daily  and 
feveral  weekly  newspapers,  an  exhibition  building,  a  luna- 
tic asylum,  orphan  asylum,  hospital,  a  convent,  4  colleges 
including  Huron  College,  Dufierin  College,  and  Ilellmuth 
Ladies'  College,  3  good  educational  establishments),  and  19 


ohurohes.  It  is  the  seat  of  Anglican  and  Roman  Catholic 
bishops.  The  town  has  extensive  iron-foundries  and  m*. 
chine-shop,  mills,  breweries,  chemical  works,  pctroleunt- 
refineries,  tanneries,  boot-  and  shoe-,  soap-  and  candls. 
musical-instrument-,  cabinet-,  carriage-,  and  other  faotoriM* 
Ac.  The  oommercial  atlairs  of  the  city  are  regulated  by  \ 
board  of  trade.  During  the  summer  months  large  numbsn 
visit  London  on  account  of  its  sulphur  springs.  London  i« 
a  port  of  entry.     Pop.  in  1881,  19,716;  in  1891,  26,2M, 

London  liridge,  a  post-office  of  Princess  Anne  to 
Va.,  about  Iti  inilos  E.  of  Norfolk.  ' 

London  Britain,  a  township  of  Chester  co.,  Pa  on 
the  Maryland  and  Delaware  lines.     Pop.  603. 

Londonderry,  Iiin\l9n-d6r'ree,  or  Dcr'ry,  a  coubct 
of  Ireland,  Ulster,  having  on  the  N.  the  Atlantic  Octun 
and  Lough  Foylo,  E.  Antrim,  from  which  it  is  scparaiotl 
by  Loughs  Neagh  and  Beg,  S.  Tyrone,  and  W.  Donegal. 
Area,  816  square  miles.  Surface,  in  the  S.  and  centre 
mountainous ;  elsewhere,  mostly  lowland.  Chief  riven' 
the  Foyle,  Bann,  and  Roe.  Soils  various,  but  on  the  low! 
lands  mostly  fertile.  The  county  was  granted  to  12  Lon- 
don companies  by  James  I.  after  the  rebellion  of  its  native 
chiefs  :  hence  the  prefix  of  London  to  the  ancient  name  of 
the  county.  Principal  towns,  Londonderry  and  Colersine. 
It  sends  four  members  to  the  House  of  Commons,  two 
being  for  the  county.     Pop.  (1891)  118,773. 

Londonderry,  or  Derry,  a  city  of  Ireland,  capital 
of  the  CO.  of  Londonderry,  on  the  Foyle,  5  miles  anove 
Lough  Foyle,  123  miles  N.N.W.  of  Dublin.  It  standi  oa 
an  oval-shaped  hill,  the  buildings  rising  tier  above  tieri* 
a  very  picturesque  manner.  Part  of  the  city  is  surrounded 
by  a  wall  about  1  mile  in  circuit,  which  forms  an  agreeable 
promenade ;  but  the  houses  now  extend  for  a  considerable 
distance  beyond  it.  On  the  opposite  bank  of  tho  Foyle  ii 
a  large  suburb,  called  the  Waterside,  which  is  conneeted 
with  the  city  by  an  iron  bridge.  The  town  is  the  terminiu 
of  several  railways.  The  principal  public  buildings  are 
thecathedral,  the  corporation  hall,  court-house,  jail,  custom- 
house, lunatic  asylum,  the  diocesan  free  grainiuar-school, 
or  Foylo  College,  theatre,  linen  hall,  barracks,  and  a  Doric 
column,  surmounted  by  a  statue,  erected  in  memory  of  the 
Rev.  George  Walker,  the  intrepid  governor  of  the  city 
during  the  memorable  siege  in  1689.  The  town  is  the 
seat  of  Anglican  and  Catholic  bishops.  Besides  Foyle  Col- 
lege, there  are  several  schools,  the  most  important  of  wbicli 
are  the  National  School  and  Gwyn's  charitable  institution 
for  poor  boys.  Three  or  4  newspapers  are  published  here. 
The  manufactories  of  Londonderry  are  mills  for  spinning 
flax,  flour-mills,  distilleries,  breweries,  roperies,  foundries, 
tanneries,  and  a  ship-building  yard.  The  principal  arti- 
cles of  export  are  linen  and  linen  yarn,  and  large  quan- 
tities of  eggs,  butter,  wheat,  oats,  and  oatmeal,  amouncin; 
in  value  to  above  a  million  sterling.  The  chief  imporU 
are  timber,  sugar,  rum,  flaxseed,  wine,  and  tobacco.  The 
salmon-fishery  of  the  river  and  the  lough  is  valuable.  The 
harbor  has  been  much  improved.  Regular  communication  by 
steamers  is  maintained  with  Liverpool,  Glasgow,  Orecnoclc, 
and  other  ports.  The  port  of  call  for  ocean  steamers  is  at 
Moville,  on  Lough  Foyle,  IS  miles  below  the  town.  The  bor- 
ough returns  a  member  to  Parliament.  The  most  memo- 
rable event  in  the  history  of  Londonderry  is  the  successful 
resistance  it  made,  in  1689,  during  a  siege  of  105  days,  to 
the  forces  of  James  II.  It  was  built  in  its  present  form  by 
the  "  Irish  Society,"  or  London  companies,  who  coloniiod 
and  gave  name  to  the  county.     Pop.  (1891 )  32,893. 

Londonderry,  lun'd9n-dfir'rce,  a  post-village  in  Lon- 
donderry township,  Rockingham  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Manches- 
ter A  Lawrence  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Manchester.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1405, 

Londonderry,  a  post-hamlet  in  Londonderry  townshin, 
Guernsey  oo.,  0.,  about  44  miles  E.N.E,  of  Zanesvillo.  it 
has  an  academy  and  2  churches.  Pop.  69 ;  of  the  toffn- 
ship,  1313, 

Londonderry,  Ross  co.,  0.    See  Gillespie ville. 

Londonderry,  township,  Bedford  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  125J. 

Londonderry,  a  post-township  of  Chester  co..  Fa., 
about  40  miles  W.S.W.  of  Philadelphia.    Pop.  714. 

Londonderry,  township,  Dauphin  oo.,  Pa.   I'op.  1935. 

Londonderry,  township,  Lebanon  co..  Pa.    Pop.  2212. 

Londonderry,  a  post-village  of  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Londonderry  township,  on  West  River,  about  30  miles  S. 
by  E.  of  Rutland.  It  h.os  a  church  and  a  woollen -factory 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1252. 

Londonderry,  lun\l9n-dSr'ree,  a  seaport  town  of 
Nova  Scotia,  co.  of  Colchester,  on  the  N.  side  of  Cobeqnid 
Bay,  and  on  the  Intercolonial  Railway,  17  miles  W.  of 
Truro.    It  contains  10  stores,  a  hotel,  a  tannery,  Ac,  and 


LON 


1687 


mem 


las  8  good   shipping-trade.      A  branch   railway  extends 

^ence  to  Londonderry  Iron  Mines.     Tlie  Acadian  Charcoal 

[ron  Company  have  their  works  here.     Pop.  600. 

I  London  Grove,  a  post-village  in  London  Grove  and 

(Vest  Marlborough  townships,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  about  38 

Biles  W.S.W.  of  Philadelphia.     It  has  3  churches.     Lon- 

lon  Grove  township  contains  a  larger  village,  named  Avon- 

lale  (on  the  Philadelphia  <fc  Baltimore  Central  Railroad), 

^nd  a  pop.  of  1804. 

j  London  Mills,  a  post-offlce  of  Fulton  co.,  111.,  is  at 

London,  a  hamlet  on  Spoon  River,  about  20  miles  S.  by  E. 

if  Qalcsburg.     Here  is  a  Hour-mill. 

i  London  Station  (post-office,  Vigo),  a  hamlet  in  Lib- 

»rty  township,  Ross  co.,  0.,  on  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati 

Railroad,  12  miles  E.  of  Chillicothe.     Pop.  57. 

(  Lone  Ce'dar,  a  post-iiamlet  of  Wood  eo.,  AV.  Va.,  18 

joilcs  S.  of  Parkersburg.     It  has  a  tobacco- factory. 

j  Lone  Cone,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  La  Plata  Moun- 

jnins,  in  the  S.W,  part  of  the  state,  has  an  altitude  of 

|i2,761  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

I   Lone  Dell,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co..  Mo. 

i  Lone  £lm,  a  post-office  of  Anderson  co.,  Kansas. 

i  Lone  Elm,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cooper  co.,  Mo.,  about  36 

(ailes  N.W.  of  Jefferson  City.     It  has  a  church. 

i  Lone  Elm,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henderson  co.,  Tenn., 

^bont  37  miles  E.  of  Jackson.     It  has  a  church  and  an 

kcademy. 

Lone  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Llano  co.,  Tex. 
I   Lone  Gum,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co.,  Va. 
j   Lone  Jack,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co..  Mo.,  about 
150  miles  S.E.  of  Kansas  City.     It  has  a  church,  a  steam 
3onr-mill,  a  distillery,  and  2  tobacco-factories. 
j  Lone  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Claiborne  co.,  Tenn. 

Lone  Oak,  post-township,  Bates  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  1360. 
1  Lone  Oak,  a  post-village  of  Hunt  co.,  Tex.,  20  miles 
jf.  of  Wills' Point,  and  66  miles  E.N.B.  of  Dallas.     It  has 

f  churches,  2  or  3  stores,  and  a  masonic  lodge. 
Lone  Oke,  Arkansas.    See  Lonoke. 
i  Lone  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  of  the  Park  Range, 
In  lat.  39°  52'  10"  N.,  Ion.  106°  25'  12"  W.    Altitude,  about 
[l,200  feet. 

Lone  Pine,  a  post-township  of  Inyo  CO.,  Cal.  Pop.  458. 
(■  Lone  Pine,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co..  Pa.,  in 
llmwell  township,  8  miles  S.  of  Washington.     It  has  a 
ihureh,  a  distillery,  2  stores,  a  steam  flour-mill,  and  2  saw- 
inills.     Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  nbout  150. 
i  Lone  Pine,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co.,  Va. 
I  Lone  Pine,  a  post-office  of  Portage  co.,  AVis. 
I  Lone  Rock,  a  post-office  of  W.isco  co.,  Oregon. 
i  Lone  Hock,  a  post-village  of  Richland  co.,  Wis.,  on 
ihe  N.  bank  of  the  Wisconsin  River,  and  on  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Pine 
liver  Valley  &  Stevens  Point  Railroad,  43  miles  W.  by  N. 
Jf  Madison.    It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  news- 
laper  office.     Pop.  385. 

;  Lone  Star,  a  post-hamlet  of  Itawamba  co.,  Miss.,  14 
biles  E.S.E.  of  Saltillo.     It  has  a  church. 
j  Lone  Star,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gentry  co.,  Mo.,  about  60 
hiles  N.N.E.  of  St.  Joseph.     It  has  a  church. 
!  Lone  Star,  a  post-haralet  of  Cherokee  co.,  Tex.,  about 
18  miles  N.  of  Rusk.     It  has  several  stores. 
i  Lone  Tree,  a  post-office  of  Bureau  co.,  III.,  about  12 
biles  S.  of  Princeton. 

I  Lone  Tree,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa,  in 
'j'remont  township,  on  the  Muscatine  division  of  the  Bur- 
lington, Cedar  Rapids  <fc  Northern  Railroad,  22  miles  W. 
If  Muscatine.  It  lias  several  churches  and  a  graded  school. 
Lone  Tree,  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas.  See  Ham.owei.l. 
Lone  Tree,  township,  McPhcrson  co.,  Kan.  Pop.  242. 
Lone  Tree,  a  post-office  of  Osborne  co.,  Kansas. 
j  Lone  Tree,  Merrick  co..  Neb.    See  Central  City. 

Lone  Tree,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  Pa. 

Lone  Tree,  a  post-office  of  Collin  co.,  Tex. 

Lone  Tree,  a  post-office  of  Tyler  co.,  W.  Va. 

Lone  Tree  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co.,  Minn. 
I  Lone  Wal'nut,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Kansas. 
j   Lone  Well,  a  post-office  of  Union  parish,  La. 
1  Long,  a  post-office  of  Vermilion  co..  111. 
I  Longa,  Ifin'ga,,  an  uninhabited  islet  of  the  Hebrides, 
ii  miles  N.E.  of  Scalpa.     Circumference  about  IJ  miles. 
[  Long  Acre,  a'k§r,  township,  Beaufort  co.,  N.C.  P.  1651 . 

Longano,  lon-gi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Campobasso, 
I  miles  S.  of  Isernia.     Pop.  1153. 

!   Longarone,  lon-gl-ro'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  10  miles 
I^.N.E.  of  Belluno,  on  the  Piave.     Pop.  3516. 

Long  Bar,  a  township  of  Yuba  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  519, 

Long  Beach,  a  post-village  and  watering-place  of 


Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  is  on  a  long  sandy  island  in  the  AU 
lantic  Ocean,  7  or  8  miles  E.  of  Tuckerton.  Here  are  sev- 
eral hotels  for  summer  visitors.  It  is  reached  by  steamer 
from  Edge  Cove,  the  terminus  of  the  Tuckerton  Railroad. 

Long  Bot'tom,  a  post-hamlet  of  Meigs  co.,  0.,  in 
Olive  township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  14  miles  by  land 
E.  of  Pomcroy. 

Long  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Tatnall  co.,  Ga. 

Long  Branch,  a  station  of  Mason  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Springfield  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  40  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Springfield. 

Long  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Norton  co.,  Kansas. 

Long  Branch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Mo.,  on  a 
creek  of  the  same  name,  44  miles  S.W.  of  Hannibal. 

Long  Branch,  a  post-village  and  fashionable  bathing- 
place  in  Ocean  township,  Monmouth  co.,  N..J.,  is  on  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  on  the  New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad  and 
the  New  York  A  Long  Branch  Railroad,  32  miles  S.  of 
New  York,  and  70  miles  E.N.E.  of  Philadelphia.  A  branch 
railroad  extends  hence  to  Eatontown.  It  is  pleasantly 
situated  on  a  bluff  and  bro.ad  plateau  about  20  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea,  and  has  wide  avenues  lined  with  costly 
private  cottages,  and  several  immense  hotels.  This  place  is 
the  favorite  summer  resort  and  residence  of  many  eminent 
and  fashionable  persons.  Long  Branch  has  a  newspaper 
office,  5  churches  (viz.,  1  Catholic,  1  Episcopal,  1  Methodist, 
and  2  Reformed),  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  trotting-park 
which  is  said  to  have  cost  $250,000,  and  about  150  hand- 
some cottages  which  are  occupied  only  in  summer.  Pop, 
in  1880,  3S33;  in  1890,  7231. 

Long  Branch,  a  post-office  ot  Alamance  co.,  N.C. 

Long  Branch,  a  station  on  the  Alexandria  &  Fred- 
ericksburg Railroad,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Alexandria,  Va 

Long  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Va. 

Long  Cane,  a  village  of  Troup  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  At- 
lanta &  West  Point  Railroad,  78  miles  S.S.W.  of  Atlanta, 
9  miles  N.N.E.  of  West  Point,  and  about  2  miles  E.  of  the 
Chattahoochee  River.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  and 
a  tannery.     Pop.  560. 

Long  Cane,  a  post-township  of  Abbeville  co.,  S.C. 
Pop.  1400. 

Long  Cane  Creek,  of  Georgia,  flows  through  Troup 
CO.  into  the  Chattahoochee  a  few  miles  below  West  Point. 

Long  Cane  Creek,  of  South  Carolina,  enters  Littlo 
River  in  the  S.  part  of  Abbeville  co. 

Long  Cor'ner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Howard  co.,  Md.,  4 
miles  S.  of  Mt.  Airy. 

Long  Creek,  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.C,  flows  into 
the  Catawba  River  from  the  N.E. 

Long  Creek,  of  Stanly  co.,  N.C,  runs  southward,  and 
enters  the  Rocky  River. 

Long  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Grant  co.,  Oregon,  about 
50  miles  S.E.  of  Ileppner.     It  has  a  newspaper  office. 

Long  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Macon  co.,  111.,  in  Long 
Creek  township,  on  the  Indiana  <t  Illinois  Central  Rail- 
road, 6  miles  E.  of  Decatur.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1372. 

Long  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Decatur  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Long  Creek  township,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Leon.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  746. 

Long  Creek,  a  township  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.C, 
Pop.  1457. 

Long  Creek,  Pender  co.,  N.C.    See  Lillington. 

Long  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Oconee  co.,  S.C. 

Long  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Macon  co.,  Tenn. 

Long  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co..  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  8  miles  from  Charlottctown,  It  contains  3 
stores  and  a  ship-yard.     Pop.  100. 

Long  Dale,apost-villageof  Alleghany  CO.,  Va.,  7  miles 
from  Lfmgdale  Station,  which  is  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  52  miles  W.S.W.  of  Staunton.  It  has  a  blast- 
furnace for  pig-iron,  which  employs  about  100  hands. 

Long  Den,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co..  Neb. 

Long  Dick's  Creek,  of  Iowa,  flows  into  Skunk  River 
in  Jasper  co. 

Long  Eddy,  New  York.    See  Douglas  Citt. 

Longeville,  a  town  of  Lorraine.    See  Sanct  Avolk. 

Lon'gev'ity,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  Tenn. 

Long  Falls  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  McLean  co., 
Ky.,  about  30  miles  S.E.  of  Henderson.     It  has  3  churches. 

Long'fellow,  a  station  in  Mifflin  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Lewistown. 

Long'ford,  an  inland  county  of  Ireland,  in  Leinster, 
having  an  area  of  421  square  miles.  Much  of  the  area  is 
highly  fertile.  The  Shannon,  with  Lough  Gonna  and  other 
lakes,  borders  on  the  county,  which  is  crossed  by  the  Royal 
Canal.  Capital,  Longford,  It  sends  two  members  to  the 
House  of  Commons.     Pop.  in  1881,  64,501 ;  in  1891,  62,553. 


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Longford,  »  town  of  Ireland,  capital  of  the  above 
oounty,  on  the  Camlin,  4  inilos  from  iti  uontluanoo  with  the 
Shannon,  and  08  luilos  by  roil  W.N.W.  of  Dublin.  It  is 
well  built,  and  has  a  handaome  lioinan  Catholic  onthodral, 
nlk  large  county  court-house,  a  jail,  barracks,  an  infirmary, 
[jk  workhouse,  a  market-house,  and  large  markets  for  grain, 
butter,  and  leather.     Pop.  4375. 

LiongTord,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  KaniM,  about  20 
miles  N.  of  Abilene. 

Long  Fork,  a  post-ofBco  of  Pike  oo.,  Ky. 

Long  GItide,  Augusta  co.,  Va.     See  Sprixo  Hill. 

Long  Green  Academy,  a  post-office  of  Baltimore 
cc.  Md. 

Long  Grove,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Lake  co.,  111., 
27  miles  N.N.W.  of  Chicago. 

Long  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Davenport  &  Northwestern  Ilailroad,  Maquukcta  Branch, 
10  miles  N.of  Davenport.     It  has  a  church. 

Long  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Hardin  oo.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville  A,  Paducah  Railroad,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Cccilian. 

Long  Har'bor,  a  fishing  settlement  in  the  district  of 
Fortune  Bay,  Newfoundland,  47  miles  from  Harbor  Briton. 
The  harbor  is  about  1  mile  wide,  and  runs  inward  for  12 
miles.     It  is  thickly  wooded  on  both  sides.     Pop.  140. 

Long  Harbor,  a  fishing  settlement  on  the  E.  side  of 
Placoutia  Bay,  Newfoundland,  9  miles  from  Little  Placen- 
tia.     Pop.  139. 

Long  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfield  co.,  Conn.,  on 
the  Ilousatonic  Kailroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Bridgeport.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  high  school,  a  wooiicn-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and 
manufactures  of  shirts  and  lumber. 

Long  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  in  Pas- 
saic township,  1  mile  from  Sterling  Station. 

Long  Hol'low,  a  post-office  of  Union  oo.,  Tenn. 

Long  Hollow,  a  post-office  of  Smyth  co.,  Va. 

Long  Hope,  a  post-office  of  York  co.,  Nob. 

Long  Island,  New  York,  is  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean, 
and  is  the  most  S.E.  part  of  the  state  of  New  York.  It  is 
separated  from  the  city  of  New  York  by  a  strait,  called 
the  East  River,  which  is  about  i  mile  wide,  and  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  Long  Island  Sound,  which  separates  it  from 
Connecticut.  It  is  about  110  miles  long,  measured  on  a 
line  extending  nearly  E.  and  W.,  the  greatest  width  being 
nearly  20  miles.  Its  outline  is  indented  by  numerous  bays 
and  inlets,  among  which  are  Great  Peconic  and  Jamaica 
Bays.  The  surface  is  moderately  uneven  or  nearly  level. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  This  island  is  divided  into  3  coun- 
ties,— Kings,  Queens,  and  Suffolk.  The  city  of  Brooklyn 
is  situated  on  its  W.  end,  and  the  E.  extremity  of  this  ii^land 
is  called  Montauk  Point.  The  Long  Island  Railroad  ex- 
tends from  Hunter's  Point  (on  the  East  River)  to  Grecnport, 
94  miles.  Light-houses  have  been  erected  at  Montauk 
Point  and  other  points. 

Long  Island,  Suffolk  co.,  Mass.,  is  in  Boston  har- 
bor. It  has  a  light-house  and  a  summer  hotel,  and  is  forti- 
fied.    Pop.  04. 

Long  Island,  Carroll  co.,  N.H.,  is  in  Lake  Winnepe- 
saukee,  and  is  connected  by  a  bridge  with  the  mainland. 
Length,  3  miles;  width,  IJ  miles.  It  is  a  summer  resort, 
and  2  boarding-houses  have  been  built  on  it. 

Ijpng  Island,  one  of  the  Bahamas,  lat.  (N.  point) 
23°  41'  N.,  Ion.  75°  19'  W.,  about  70  miles  in  length  by  3 
to  4  in  breadth. 

Long  Island,  a  small  island  in  the  Java  Sea,  off  the 
W.  coast  of  BiUiton.     Lat.  2°  51'  S. ;  Ion.  107°  30'  E. 

Long  Island,  a  small  island  in  the  Java  Sea,  S.E.  of 
Madura.     Lat.  7°  16'  S.;  Ion.  113°  5'  E. 

Long  Island,  an  island  off  the  S.  coast  of  New  Zea- 
land, at  the  S.E.  entrance  to  Foveaux  Strait.  Lat,  47°  17' 
S.:  Ion.  167°  25'  E. 

Long  Island,  an  island  on  the  N.  coast  of  Papua. 
Lat.  (N.  point)  0°  53'  S.;  Ion.  134°  50'  E. 

Long  Island,  a  small  island  in  Queen  Charlotte's 
Sound,  Cook  Strait,  New  Zealand.  Lat.  41°  6'  S. ;  Ion.  174° 
27'  E.     It  is  about  4  miles  long. 

Long  Island,  an  island  of  British  North  America, 
Hudson's  Bay.     Lat.  55°  5'  N. ;  Ion.  79°  W. 

Long  Island,  a  name  applied  to  a  group  of  the 
Hebrides,  Scotland,  comprising  Lewis,  Harris,  Benbecula, 
North  and  South  Uist,  &c.,  which  are  supposed  to  have 
been  formerly  united. 

.     Long  Island,  a  lofty  island  in  Placentia  Bay,  S.  coast 
^•of  Newfoundland.     It  contains  Harbor  Buffet. 

Long  Island,  an  island  in  Hudson's  Bay.  Lat.  55° 
4'  N.;  Ion.  79°  W. 

Long  Island,  an  island  in  Minas  Basin,  2  miles  from 
Irand  Pr6,  in  Kings  co.,  Nova  Scotia.    Pop.  120. 


Long  Island,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Ala.,  ok 
the  Nashville  it  Chattanooga  Railroad,  30  miles  W.  by  8 
of  Chattanooga.     It  has  a  church. 

Long  Island,  a  post-township  of  Phillips  co ,  Kansu, 
on  Prairie  Dog  River.     Pop.  422.  ^^ 

Long  Island,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co.,  Mo.,  on 
an  island  in  Ca.-ieo  Bay,  6  miles  from  Portland.  Pop.  of 
the  island,  about  200. 

Ijong  Island,  a  plantation  in  Hancock  co.,  Me.,  oca- 
sists  of  an  island  in  Bluehill  Bay.     Pop.  177. 

Long  Island,  co.  of  OtUwa,  Quebec,  is  at  the  head  of 
Lake  Mistake,  on  the  Riviiire  du  Li^vro. 

Long  Island,  or  Free'port,  a  post-village  in  Digby 
CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  an  island  between  the  Bay  of  Fundy 
and  St.  Mary's  Bay,  off  Digby  Neck,  33  miles  S.W.  of 
Digby.     Pop.  of  island,  701. 

Long  Island  City,  a  city  of  Long  Island,  N.Y.,  in 
Queens  oo.,  is  on  the  East  River,  opposite  the  ciiy  of  Nevr 
York,  and  is  separated  from  Brooklyn  by  Newtown  Creek. 
It  includes  Hunter's  Point,  Astoria,  Ruvonswood,  Dutch 
Kills,  Blissville,  Ac,  and  is  the  W.  terminus  of  the  Long 
Island  Railroad  and  of  the  Flushing  &  Northsido  liuilroaj. 
It  has  23  churches,  2  banks,  oil-works,  extensive  manufac- 
tories, and  printing-offices  which  i.<>sue  1  daily  and  4  weekly 
newspapers.     Pop.  in  1880,  17,129;  in  1890,  30,506. 

Long  Island  Locks,  a  post-village  in  llust^cll  co., 
Ontario,  on  the  Ridcau  Canal,  SJ  miles  N.  of  Manotick. 

Long  Islands,  a  group  of  small  islands  in  Bonavitta 
Bay,  Newfoundland. 

Long  Island  Sound  is  a  portion  of  the  sea  which 
forms  the  S.  boundary  of  Connecticut  and  washes  the  N. 
co.ast  of  Long  Island.  It  is  nearly  1 10  miles  long,  and  is  20 
miles  wide  near  the  middle.  The  W.  part,  which  forms  the 
boundary  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  is  in  some  places  about  2 
miles  wide.  The  sound  is  connected  with  New  York  Bay 
by  a  strait,  called  East  River.  Steamboats  plying  between 
New  York  and  Boston  pass  through  this  sound. 

Longjumcau,  loN>"*zhiihnO',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Seine-et-Oisc,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Paris.     Pop.  2133. 

Long  Keys  (keez),  three  islands  in  the  Bay  of  Hon- 
duras.    Lat.  (Middle)  17°  10'  N.;  Ion.  88°  48'  W. 

Long  Keys,  Bahamas,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  S.W.  en- 
trance  to  Crooked  Passage.    Lat.  22°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  74°  20'  W. 

Long  King  Creek,  of  Polk  co.,  Tex.,  flows  into  Trin- 
ity River  from  the  N. 

Long  Lake,  Cheboygan  co.,  Mich.,  is  about  0  miles  S. 
of  Lake  Huron.  It  is  nearly  10  miles  long,  and  is  an  ex- 
pansion of  the  Cheboygan  River. 

Long  Lake,  New  York,  is  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Ham- 
ilton CO.,  and  lies  among  the  Adirondack  Mountains.  It  is 
18  miles  long,  about  3  miles  wide,  and  is  situated  10  miles 
S.W.  of  Mount  Seward,  at  an  elevation  of  1575  fett  above 
the  level  of  the  sea.  It  is  supplied  with  water  from  Racket 
Lake,  and  its  surplus  water  is  discharged  through  Rocket 
River,  which  issues  from  the  N.E.  end  of  Long  Lake. 

Long  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co..  111.,  on  Long 
Lake,  and  on  the  Rockford,  Rock  Island  &  St.  Louis  Rail- 
road. 12  miles  N.E.  of  East  St.  Louis,  and  near  Mitchell 
Station  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad.  , 

Long  Lake,  a  township  of  Grand  Traverse  co.,  Mich., 
6  or  8  miles  AV.  of  Traverse  City.  It  contains  a  lake  of 
the  same  name,  4  miles  long,  and  3  saw-mills.    Pop.  275. 

Long  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Hennepin  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Medina  township,  on  the  St.  Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad,  28 
miles  W.  of  St.  Paul,  and  2  miles  N.  of  Lake  Minnctonk*. 
It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  stave-factory,  and  a  church. 

Long  Lake,  township,  Watonwan  co.,  Minn.    P.  310. 

Long  Lake,  a  large  post-township  in  the  N.  part  of 
Hamilton  co.,  N.Y.,  comprises  part  of  the  Adirondack 
Mountains,  with  several  beautiful  lakes,  among  which  are 
Long  Lake  and  Racket  Lake.     Pop.  299. 

Long  Lake,  or  Gougeville,  gowj'vll,  a  post-hamlet 
of  Hamilton  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Long  Lake,  40  miles  N.W.  of 
North  Creek  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Long  Lane,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dallas  co.,  Mo.,  37 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a  church.  Here  ia  the 
"  Enterprise  Community,"  holding  property  in  common. 

Long  Lev'el,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co.,  Pa.,  6  milci 
S.E.  of  Wrightsville.    It  has  a  church  and  an  iron-foundry. 

Long  Lick,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  Ky. 

Longlier,  16K»Me-i'  or  I6ng'leer,  a  village  of  Belgium, 
in  Luxembourg,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Arlon.     Pop.  1400. 

Long  Meadow,  med'o,  a  post-village  of  Hampden 
CO.,  Mass.,  in  Long  Meadow  township,  on  the  E.  bank  of 
the  Connecticut  River,  and  on  the  New  York,  New  Haven 
&  Hartford  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Springfield.  Pop.  of  tb« 
township,  1467.    See  also  East  Lokgmeasow. 


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Long  Melford,  England.    See  Mei.foiid. 
'  Ijongniere,  long'mcer,  or  Long'mire,  a  post-oflSce 
if  AVashington  co.,  Tenn. 

!  Longmire's   Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Edgefield  co., 
Lc.,  23  miles  N.W.  of  Pine  House.     It  has  6  families. 
'  Long'mont,  a  post-village  of  Boulder  co.,  Col.,  on  the 
'olorado  Central  Railroad,  41  miles  N.  of  Golden  City,  and 

f'i  miles  N.N.W.  of  Denver.  It  is  surrounded  by  grand 
ountain-scenery,  and  in  its  vicinity  gold  and  lignite  are 
jund.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Long- 
font  has  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  .3  churches,  and  2  flour- 
ig-raills.  Pop.  in  1S80,  773;  in  1890,  1543. 
I  Longni,  16A'»'nee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Orne,  13  miles 
.  of  Mortagne.     Pop.  1484. 

Longobardi,  lon-go-ban'dee,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Co- 
■  nza,  1 2  miles  S.  of  Paola,  on  the  Mediterranenn.     P.  2167. 
Lougobuco,  lon-go-boo'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
|hI  21  uiilcs  N.E.  of  Coscnza.     Pop.  3225. 
'Loiigos  (I6n'g6s)  Peninsula,  the  central  of  three 
[nsidcruble  peninsulas  in  the  iEgean  Sea,  having  Cape 
j-epano  at  its  S.  extremity.     It  is  about  40  miles  long. 
|Longo«Sardo,  lon'go-saR'do  (anc.  Tihula?)  aseaport 
jwn  and  cape  of  Sardinia,  48  miles  N.E.  of  Sassari,  at  the 
K  entrance  of  the  Strait  of  Bonifiicio. 
'  Long  Fine,  a  post-office  of  Anson  co.,  N.C. 
[  Long  Plain,  a  small  post- village  of  Bristol  co.,  Mass., 
It  Acushnet  township,  9  miles  N.  by  E.  of  New  Bedford. 
t  has  3  churches  and  manufactures  of  shoes. 
!  Long  Point,  or  Long  Point  Shoals,  Massachu- 
stts,  within  Cape  Cod,  near  its  extremity.     On  it,  at  the 
fitrance  of  Provincetown  Harbor,  is  a  fixed  light,  25  feet 
igh.    Lat.  42°  2'  10"  N.;  Ion.  70°  10'  35"  W. 
I  Long  Point,  a  post-office  of  Arkansas  co..  Ark. 
.  i  Long  Point,  a  post-village  of  Livingston  co.,  111.,  in 
»ng  Point  township,  on   the  Chicago,  Pekin   &  South- 
lestorn  Railroad,  98   miles  S.W.  of  Chicago.     It  has   3 
feneral  stores.     Pop.  of  the  township,  970. 
'Long  Point,  a  station  in  Clarion  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Low 
^ade  Railroad.  2  miles  E.  of  Lawsonham  Junction. 
Long  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Tex., 
milM  N.W.  of  Brenham.     It  has  a  church. 
Long  Point,  a  post-hiimlet  in  Kings  co..  New  Bruns- 
ick,  on  Belleisle  Bay,  27  miles  from  St.  John.     Pop.  150. 
{Long  Point,  a  post-settlement  in  Inverness  co.,  Nova 
^otia,  14  miles  from  Port  Hastings.     Pop.  250. 
jLong  Point,  Ontario.    See  Point  Tba verse. 
[Long  Point,  a  fishing  village  of  Quebec,  on  the  N. 
de  of  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Mingan. 

liO  also  LOXGUE  PolNTE. 

ILong  Pond,  a  post-office  of  Lowndes  co.,  Ga. 
Long  Pond,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co..  Me.,  on 
[ount  Desert  Island,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Bar  Harbor. 
iLong  Pond,  a  village  in  Newfoundland,  on  Conception 
jiy,  16  miles  from  St.  John's.     Pop.  250. 

ILong  Prairie,  Wayne  co.,  111.    See  Middleton. 
Long  Prairie,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Todd,co., 
inn.,  on  Long  Prairie  River,  in  a  township  of  the  same 
me,  about  46  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Cloud.     It  is  surrounded 
fertile  prairies  diversified  with  beautiful  small  lakes,  and 
ks  2  churches,  a  seminary,  a  newspaper  office,  and  several 
iills.     Pop.  of  tlie  township  in  1890,  1206. 
[Long  Prairie,  township,  Mississippi  co..  Mo.     P.  697. 
piOng  Prairie  River,  Minnesota,  issues  from  a  small 
[so  near  the  middle  of  Douglas  co.,  and  runs  eastward  to 
j)ng  Prairie,  Todd  co.     Below  this  point  it  runs  northward, 
d  enters  the  Crow  Wing  River  14  miles  from  its  mouth 
\il  2  miles  from  Motley.     It  is  100  miles  long. 
jLongpre,  16N<''pri',   several   villages  of  France,   the 
fincipal  of  which  is  in  Somme,  with  a  station  on  the  rail- 
[ly  du  Nord,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Abbeville.     Pop.  1922. 
ILong  Rap'ids,  a  post-township  of  Alpena  co.,  Mich. 
|p.  291.  . 

liOng  Reach,  a  station  in  Cumberland  co.,  N.J.,  on 
B  Bridgeton  &  Port  Norris  Railroad,  1  mile  from  Bayside 
jew,  the  terminus  of  the  road. 

[Long  Reach,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tyler  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
j8  Ohio  River.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 
JiOng  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co..  Ark. 
[Long  Ridge,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co.,  Conn.,  in 
Umford  township,  about  24  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Bridgeport, 
jhas  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and  shoes. 
^ong  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  N.C, 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Plymouth.     It  has  a  church. 
[Long  Run,  a  post-office  of  Switzerland  co.,  Ind. 
(Long  Run,  a  post-village  of  Jefl'erson  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
:  Iroad  which  connects  Shelby  ville  with  Louisville,  19  miles 


of  Louisville. 
107 


It  has  a  church. 


Long  Run,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg  <fc  Connellsville 
Railroad,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

Long  Run,  Armstrong  co..  Pa.     See  Maysville. 

Long  Run,  a  post-office  of  Fairfield  co.,  S.C. 

Long  Run  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Doddridge  co., 
W.  Va.,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  19  miles  W.  of 
Clarksburg. 

Long  Savan'nah,  a  post-office  of  James  co.,  Tenn. 

Long's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Person  co.,  N.C. 

Longs'dorPs,  a  station  in  Cumberland  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Ilarrisburg  &  Potomac  Railroad,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of 
South  Mountain  Junction. 

Long's  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Grayson  co.,  Va. 

Long'side,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Aberdeen,  6 
miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Peterhead.     Pop.  584. 

Long's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C,  20 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Greensborough.     Here  is  a  flour-mill. 

Long's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  McMinn  co.,  Tenn. 

Long's  Peak,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains, at  the  S.E.  extremity  of  the  North  Park,  and  about 
50  miles  N.W.  of  Denver.  The  altitude  is  computed  to  bo 
14,271  feet  above  the  sea-level.  Its  top  is  covered  with 
perpetual  snow,  and  its  sides  with  forests  of  fir  and  pine. 
Lat.  40°  15'  19"  N. ;  Ion.  105°  36'  37"  W. 

Long's  Stand,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co..  Pa. 

Long's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  N.C 

Long'street,  a  post-office  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ga. 

Longstreet,  a  post-office  of  De  Soto  parish.  La. 

Longstreet,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Tex.. 
20  miles  S.W.  of  Huntsville.     It  has  a  church. 

Long  Swamp,  a  post-office  of  Pickens  co.,  Ga. 

Long  Swamp,  a  post-township  of  Berks  co.,  Pa., 
about  IS  miles  N.E.  of  Reading.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
East  Pennsylvania  Railro.od,  and  contains  a  post-vill.ago 
named  Topton.     Pop.  2910. 

Long  Tom,  a  post-office  of  Lane  co.,  Oregon,  aboat  12 
miles  W.  of  Eugene  City. 

Long'ton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Stafford,  5  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Stoke-upon-Trent.  It  has  coal-  and  iron- 
mines,  potteries,  and  manufactures  of  china.     Pop.  19,748. 

Long'ton,  a  post-village  of  Elk  co.,  Kansas,  ncvr  Elk 
•River,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Independence,  and  about  48  miles 
W.  of  Parsons.  It  has  a  money -order  post-office,  a  church, 
and  a  public  school.     Pop.  about  500  ;  of  township,  959. 

Loug'town,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Cumberland, 
on  the  Esk,  Si  miles  N.W.  of  Carlisle.     Pop.  1946. 

Long'tOAvn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Panola  co.,  Miss.,  12 
miles  W.  of  Como  Depot.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  high 
school. 

Longtown,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  Mo.,  IS  miles 
N.W.  of  Grand  Tower,  111. 

Longtown,  a  post-office  of  Yadkin  co.,  N.C 

Longu6,  ldx»^g4.',  a  town  of  France,  in  Maine-et-Loire, 
12  miles  S.  of  Baug6,     Pop.  1S76. 

Longue  Pointe  (Fr.  pron.  16n»  pwist),  the  chief  town 
of  Hochelaga  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  St,  Law- 
rence, 6  miles  by  r.ail  E.  of  Montreal.     Pop.  250. 

Longueuil,  l^No^guI',  the  chief  town  of  the  co.  of 
Chambly,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  3  miles 
E.  of  Montreal.  It  contains  2  churches  and  several  stores 
and  hotels.  It  is  the  summer  residence  of  many  Mon- 
trealers.     Pop.  2083. 

Longus  Vicus,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Longwt. 

Longuyon,  l6N<'^ghe-6>'<»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Meurthe- 
et-Moselle,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Briey.     Pop.  2020. 

Long  Val'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lassen  oo.,  Cal.,  45 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Reno,  Nevada.     Pop.  of  township,  135. 

Longview,  Shelby  co.,  Ala.    See  AVhitixg. 

LongView',  a  post-village  of  Ashley  co..  Ark.,  on  the 
Saline  River,  about  64  miles  S.  of  Pine  Bluff.  It  has  a 
church. 

Longview,  Banks  co.,  Ga.    See  Lulah. 

Long  View,  a  post-office  of  Dodge  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Macon  &  Brunswick  Railroad. 

Longview,  a  post-office  of  Christian  co.,  Ky. 

Longview,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Gregg  co.,  Texas, 
is  on  the  Texas  <fc  Pacific  Railroad  at  its  junction  with  the 
International  <fc  Great  Northern  Railroad,  235  miles  N.  of 
Houston,  122  miles  E.  of  Dallas,  and  24  miles  W.  of  Mar- 
shall. It  is  a  place  of  recent  origin  and  rapid  growth.  It 
has  6  churches,  a  bank,  5  schools,  and  a  manufactory  of 
lightning-rods.  One  or  2  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.     Pop.  in  1880,  1526;  in  1890,  2034. 

Long'ville,  a  post-office  of  Plumas  co.,  CaL 

Longville,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  0. 

Long'wood,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Meath,  9  mile* 
S.S.W.  of  Trim. 


LON 


1690 


liUO 


Loag^Woodt »  poat-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  Fla.,  10  miles 
from  Sanford.     It  i«  mainly  supported  by  fruit-culture. 

Lonf^woodf  a  poiit-office  and  station  of  Fayotte  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  Cinoinnati,  Hamilton  A  Indianapolis  llailroad, 
6  milos  \V.  of  Connorsville. 

Ijongr^vootl,  a  poHt-bamlet  of  Caddo  parish,  La.,  18 
miles  W.  of  Slirovuport.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 

Longwoodf  a  station  on  the  Brookline  Branch  of  the 
Boston  A  Albany  Koilroad^  3  milos  W.  of  the  initial  station 
in  Doston,  Mass. 

Longwoodt  a  hamlet  of  Isabella  co.,  Mioh.,  in  Union 
township,  near  the  Chippewa  Iliver,  about  55  miles  W.  of 
Bay  City. 

liOnpwood,  a  post-village  of  Pettis  oo.,  Mo.,  15  or  16 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Sedalia.  It  has  a  church,  a  chair-fao- 
torr,  and  4  stores.     Pop.  about  150. 

Longwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Custer  co.,  Neb.,  70  miles 
N.W.  of  Grand  Island,     It  has  a  church. 

liOiigWOod,  a  post-office  of  Rockbridge  oo.,  Va. 

Longwood,a  post-hnmlet  of  Clark  co.,  Wis.,  in  Hixon 
township,  2  miles  E.  of  Black  River,  and  35  miles  N.  of 
Hatfield  Station. 

Long'wood,  or  Mel'bonrne)  a  post-village  in  Mid- 
dlesex CO.,  Ontario,  2  miles  from  Longwood  Station.    P.  150. 

Long^woods',  a  post-office  of  Talbot  co.,  Md. 

Long'wood  Station,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co., 
Ontario,  on  the  Or*at  AVestern  Railway,  21  miles  W.S.W. 
of  London.     It  contains  a  store  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  150. 

IiOngwy,  16s»\-ee' (ane.  Lon'gm  Vi'cusf),  a.  fortified 
town  of  France,  department  of  Meurthe-et-Moselle,  on  the 
Belgian  frontier,  and  on  a  railway,  40  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Metz.  Its  citadel  stands  on  a  steep  rook,  below  which  ex- 
tends the  new  town,  having  a  hospital  and  military  prison. 
Longwy  was  called  by  Louis  XIV.  the  "  Iron  Gate  of 
France."     Pop.  2939. 

Long  Year,  a  post-office  of  Ulster  oo.,  N.Y. 

Long- Yeoo,  or  Long-Yeou,  long'-y6-oo',  a  town  of 
China,  province  of  Che-Kiang,  on  the  banks  of  the  Hwuy- 
Chow  or  Gran  River,  about  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Nan-Che. 

Lonigo,  lo-nee'go,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  13 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Vicenza,  on  the  Gua,  at  the  foot  of  a 
lofty  hill  crowned  by  an  old  castle.  It  has  a  court  of  law, 
pcvcral  public  offices,  and  5  churches.     Pop.  9185. 

Ldningen,  lo'ning-?n,  or  Wiek  Loningen,  *eek 
Io'ning-?n,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Oldenburg,  on  the 
Uase,  34  miles  S.W.  of  the  town  of  Oldenburg.    Pop.  1167. 

Lonka,  a  village  of  Hungarj'.     See  Kis-Lonka. 

Lonlay  I'Abbaye,  lAs'-MA'  lib'bi',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Orne,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Domfront.     P.  of  commune,  3133. 

Lonneker,  lon'n^k-^r,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Overyssel,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Alraelo. 

Lo'no,  a  post-office  of  Hot  Spring  co..  Ark. 

Lonoke,  l5n'ok,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Arkan- 
sas. Area,  769  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Cypress, 
Metoe,  and  Watausaw  Bayous.  The  surface,  undulating 
or  hilly,  is  partly  covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  hickory, 
oak,  pine,  Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and 
pork  are  staples.  It  is  intersected  by  the  St.  Louis,  Iron 
Mountain  <fe  Southern  and  Little  Rock  A  Memphis  Rail- 
roads. Capital,  Lonoke.  Pop.  in  1880,  12,146;  in  1890, 
19,263. 

Lonoke,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lonoke  co.,  Ark., 
22  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Little  Rock.  It  has  a  newspaper 
office,  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  seminary.     Pop.  858. 

Lons'dale  (the  "Valley  of  the  Luno"),  a  division  of 
England,  co.  of  Westmorel.and,  on  its  S.E.  side,  which  gives 
the  title  of  earl  to  the  Lowther  family. 

Lons'dale,  a  post-village  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  on 
the  Blackstone  River,  and  on  the  Providence  &  Worcester 
Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Providence.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
public  library,  gas-works,  a  bleachery,  and  manufactures 
of  cotton,  including  fine  cambric. 

Lons'dale,  a  post- village  in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Salmon  River,  4  miles  from  Marysville.  It  contains  a 
grist-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  and  3  or  4  stores.     Pop.  150. 

Lons-le-Saulnier,16N«>^-l?h-so'ne-d'(anc.  x-c'rfKm.S'rt- 
lo'rium  f),  a  town  of  France,  capital  of  the  department  of 
Jura,  at  a  railway  junction,  50  miles  S.E.  of  Dijon.  Pop. 
11,265.  It  is  very  ancient  and  well  built.  Chief  objects 
of  interest,  the  churches  of  the  Cordeliers  and  of  St.  D6sir6, 
and  the  salt-well  discovered  in  the  fourth  century,  to  which 
the  town  owes  its  foundation  and  its  name,  and  which  is 
always  full,  although  its  waters  are  constantly  extracted, 
and  yield  a  great  amount  of  salt.  It  has  a  communal  col- 
lege, a  public  library,  a  museum,  a  copper-foundry,  tan- 
neries, and  manufactures  of  brushes,  silk,  and  eye-glasses. 

Lontar,  loa-tuR',  or  Poolo  Loutar,  poo'lo  Ion-tan', 


an  island  off  the  W.  coast  of  the  peninsula  of  Miilaoca,  from 
which  it  is  separated  by  a  narrow  strait,  21  miles  lomr  b» 
about  6  miles  broad.     Lat.  7°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  99°  E. 

Lontoir,  lonHwaR'  or  lon-toir',  a  town  of  the  B»nci& 
Islands,  in  tho  Malay  Archipelago,  on  Banda  Nero.  It 
has  a  hospital,  and  near  it  pumice-stone  is  obtained. 

Lonya,  lon'yi,  a  river  of  Hungary,  in  Croatia,  joini  th« 
Save  after  a  course  of  about  70  miles. 

Loo,  15,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flanders,  on  ibo 
Loo  Canal,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Fumes.     Pop.  1700. 

Looan,  loo'An',  or  Lon-Ngan,  loo^-ngAn',  a  city  of 
China,  province  of  Shan-See.     Lat.  36°  7'  N. ;  Ion.  113°  E. 
Looan,  or  Looang.    See  Loean. 
Looban,  Louban,  or  Luban,  loo-bAn',  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  80  miles  S.  of  Minsk. 

Looban,  Louban,  or  Luban,  lou'b&n',  a  inall 
island  of  the  Philippines,  90  miles  S.W.  of  Manila,    Lat  i 
13°  52'  N. ;  Ion.  120^  8'  E.  '  | 

Loobar,  or  Loubar,  loo-ban',  a  town  of  Rassia,  is  i 
Volhynia,  47  milos  W.S.W.  of  Zhitomecr.     Pop.  3500.         j 
Loobatchovka,  or  Lubnczowka,  loo-b&-ehoT'kl, 
a  town  of  Russia,  in  Volhynia,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Vladimcer. 
Loobny,  Loubny,  or  Lnbni,  loob'nee,  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  80  miles  W.N.W.  of  Poltava,  on  I 
the  Soola.     Lat.  50°  N. ;  Ion.  33°  E.     Pop.  6205.    It  faa<  a  I 
veterinary  institution,  botanic  gardens,  and  a  pharmaoeutio 
school,  founded  by  Peter  the  Great.  I 

Loo'-Choo'  (cA  as  in  cMld)  Islands,  written  alto  i 
Lieou-Kliieou    and  Ilion-Kiou,  ree'oo'-kee'oo',  a  { 
group  in  the  North  Pacific  Ocean,  between  Japan  and  For-  j 
mosa,  consisting  of  the  Great  Loo-Choo,  about  65  miles  in  | 
length  by  15  miles  in  average  breadth,  with  about  35  small 
islands,  the  whole  between  lat.  24°  10'  and  28°  40'  N,  and  ' 
Ion.  127°  and  129°  E.     The  chief  products  are  provieloni  j 
and  live-stock,  with  sulphur,  salt,  copper,  and  tin.    Tb« ; 
principal  foreign  trade  is  with  Japan,  on  which  country  th«  j 
group  is  dependent,  with  some  qualified  subjection  to  China,  | 
The  government  is  under  a  king.    Foreigners,  except  Japan- 
ese, are  hardly  tolerated  in  the  country.     Chief  port,  hapa. 
Capital,  Shooree.     Pop.  about  160,000. 

Loochristy,  lo-Kris'tee,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Eart 

Flanders,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  3480.  j 

Loodianah,  or  Ludhiana,  loo'dee-A'n^,  also  called 

Lodiana,  a  town  of  India,  on  the  Sutlcj,  110  miles  bj| 

rail  E.S.E.  of  Lahore.     It  has   manufactures  of  sbawl^  I 

tents,  and  cotton  cloth,  and  a  large  trade.     Pop.  39,983.      j 

Loodianah,  a  district  of  the  Amritsir  division,  I'un-  j 

jab,  India.     Area,  1368  square  miles.    Capital,  Loodianah. 

Pop.  583,245.  I 

Looe,  loo,  a  small  river  of  England,  co.  of  Cornwall,  I 

enters  the  English  Channel  at  Helstone.    Its  estuary  ii  a  ! 

beautiful  lake,  called  Looe  Pool. 

Looe,  a  small  river  of  England,  co.  of  Cornwall,  flowi  I 
into  the  English  Channel  at  Looe.  I 

Looe,  an  old  seaport  town  of  England,  in  Cornwall,  { 
consisting  of  the  decayed  boroughs  of  East  and  \Ve?t  Looe,  I 
at  the  entrance  of  the  river  Looe,  21  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Launceston.  Pop.  of  East  Looe,  1396 ;  of  West  Looe,  798. 
Looee-Choo,  or  Loui-Tchou,  loo'ec-choo',  writ- 
ten also  Loui-Tcheon,  a  city  of  China,  province  of 
Quang-Tong,  capital  of  tho  southernmost  department  of 
the  empire,  250  miles  S.W.  of  Canton,  near  tho  mouth  of  a 
small  river,  which  falls  into  the  China  Sea. 

Looga,  Louga,  or  Luga,  loo'gA,  a  river  of  Russia,  I 
enters  the  Gulf  of  Finland  75  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Pcten- 1 
burg.     Length,  150  miles. 

Looga,  Louga,  or  Luga,  a  town  of  Russia,  govora-  ' 
ment  and  85  miles  S.S.W.  of  St.  Petersburg,  on  the  abort 
river.     Pop.  1800. 

Loogan,  or  Lugan,  loo-gin'  (called  also  Loogi»n8lt» 
Lugansk,  and  Looganskoe),  a  town  of  Kus.<i»,  gov- 
ernment of  Yekate'rinosl.iv,  55  miles  E.  of  Bakhmoot.  It 
has  coal-mines,  foundries,  Ac.     Pop.  10,049.  , 

Looganskaia  (Longanskaia,  or  LuganskiOa)  I 
Stanitza,  loo-gAn-ski'A  sta-neet'si,  a  town  of  Uuaris, 
government  of  Don   Cossa«ks,    105    miles    N.  of  Novo- 
Cherkask. 

Loogoonor,  or  Lougounor,  loo-goo-non',  one  of 
the  Caroline  Islands.     Lat.  5°  29'  20"  N.;  Ion.  153°  38' E. 
Loogoo'tee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co..  111.,  8  milei 
S.  of  Brownstown  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Loogootee,  a  post-village  of  Martin  co.,  Ind.,  in  Perry 

township,  on  the  Ohio  <t  Mississippi  Railroad,  34  railcjEj 

of  Vincennes,  and  158  miles  W.  of  Cincinnati.    H  ^^ 

churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  newspaper  office.    P.  748. 

Loohoo,  a  native  state  of  Celebes.     See  Loehoe,         | 

Lookh,  Loukh,  look,  Looka,  or  Louka,  loolnii 


LOO 


1691 


LOR 


■or  of  Russia,  joins  the  Kliasma  in  the  government  of 

aJimeor.    Total  course,  about  80  miles. 

LoO'Kiang,  Lou-Kiaiig,  or  Ln-Kiang,  loo'-ke- 
tg',  a  river  of  Thibet,  one  of  the  heads  of  the  Salwin. 

,Loo-Kiang,  or  Lou-Kiang,  loo^-lje-ing',  a  town 
I  China,  in  Ngan-Hoei,  100  miles  S.W.  of  Nanking. 

Lookianov,  Loukianov,  or  Lukianow,  look-yl- 
iv'  (Polish,  Lukojnnow,  loo-ko-yS,'nov),  a  town  of  Russia, 
l^'emraent  and   90   miles   S.S.B.  of  Nizhnee-Novgorod. 

p.  2371. 

jLook'ing  Glass,  a  post-office  of  Platte  co.,  Neb. 

I^ooking  Glass,  a  post-hamlet  of  Douglas  co.,  Oregon, 
Iniles  S.W.  of  Iloseburg. 

Looking  Glass  lliver,  Michigan,  rises  in  Shiawassee 
(',  runs  westward  through  Clinton  co.,  and  enters  Grand 
;ver  at  Portland,  in  Ionia  co.     It  is  about  75  miles  long. 

iiiOoknooee,  or  Lookuooi.    See  Sai-Qon. 

tiOok'ont,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co.,  Ky.,  10  miles  S. 
1;  E.  of  Pikeville.     It  has  several  general  stores. 

CiOOkout,  a  station  on  the  Virginia  &  Truokee  Bail- 
lid,  2  miles  E.  of  Carson  City,  Nev. 

lookout,  a  station  in  Blair  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Bell's  Gap 
;alroad,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Bellwood. 

liOokout,  a  post-office  of  Frederick  co.,  Va. 

Lookout,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  W.  Va. 

jl<ookout,  a  station  in  Albany  co.,  Wyoming,  on  the 

lion  Pacific  Railroad,  33  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Laramie. 

Lookout  Creek  rises  near  the  S.  end  of  Dade  co.,  Ga., 
ins  nearly  northeastward,  passes  into  Tennessee,  and  cn- 
irs  the  Tennessee  River  about  3  miles  below  Chattanooga. 
!J  runs  along  a  narrow  valley  between  Lookout  Mountain 
id  Missionary  Ridge,  and  at  the  S.E.  base  of  the  former. 

Lookout  Mountain,  a  ridge  which  traverses  Dade 
(.,  Ga.,  in  the  extreme  N.W.  part  of  the  state,  and  extends 
irtheastward  into  Tennessee  to  the  Tennessee  River,  and 
liithwestward  into  Alabama,  in  which  state  most  of  the 
lige  lies.  Its  N.E.  extremity  is  2i  miles  from  Chatta- 
Dga.  It  is  remarkable  for  grand  and  beautiful  scenery, 
fl  is  noted  for  a  battle  of  Nov.  2i,  1863.  The  highest 
J 't  of  this  ridge  is  about  1600  feet  above  the  Tennessee. 

Lookout  Mountain,  a  post-office  and  summer  re- 
ft of  Hamilton  co.,  Tenn.,  3  miles  from  Chattanooga.  It 
iiiurrounded  by  picturesque  scenery. 

lOoom^chang',  a  town  of  Siam,  in  the  region  between 
J'luimain  and  Bangkok,  and  stated  to  have  a  large  trade. 

LiOom'is,  a  post-office  of  Shasta  co.,  Cal. 

[iOOinis,  a  post-village  of  Isabella  co.,  Mich.,  in  Wise 
t'-nship,  on  the  Flint  &  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  44  miles 
TN.W.  of  East  Saginaw,  and  10  miles  E.  of  Farwell.  It 
hi  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  a  town  hall,  and  1  or  2  shingle- 
ijls.     Pop.  about  250. 

'(<oo«na-Shan,  or  Lou-na'Chan,  loo-ni-shin',  a 
tuntain  of  China,  covered  with  perpetual  snow,  in  about 
r  26°30'  N.,  Ion.  103°  E. 

..iOonee,  or  Luni,  loo'nee,  a  river  of  India,  which  has 
irise  in  a  marshy  tract  in  the  district  of  Ajmeer,  in  lat. 
»'  37'  N.,  Ion.  74°  46'  E.  It  flows  into  the  llunn  of  Cutch 
l,two  mouths,  one  in  lat.  24°  42'  N.,  Ion.  71°  11'  E.,  and 
t  other  10  miles  more  to  the  S.E.  It  has  a  total  S.W. 
cirse  of  320  square  miles.  Area  of  basin,  22,400  square 
ties. 

poo'ney,  a  township  of  Polk  eo..  Mo.     Pop.  1750. 

jooney's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Tenn., 
Sjut  18  miles  N.W.  of  Chattanooga.  It  has  a  store,  a 
gist-mill,  &c. 

joo'neyville,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Erie  co., 
lii.,  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad  (main  line),  15 
ties  E.  of  Buffiilo. 

fjOoneyviile;  a  post-office  of  Roane  co.,  W.  Va. 

poo-Ngan,  or  Lou-Ngan,  loo'ngin  or  loong'gin',  a 
fjiificd  town  of  China,  province  of  Seo-Chuen,  capital  of 
a>epartment,  on  the  frontier  of  Thibet. 

..oon'ghee',  a  town  of  British  Burmah,  on  the  Irra- 
Tjldy,  60  miles  N.  of  Promo. 

i^oon-op-Zand,  lon-op-zlnt,  or  Vcnioon,  vSn- 
I,',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant,  12 
i'g8  S.W.  of  Bois-le-Duc.  Pop.  6010. 
jjoop,  a  station  in  Blair  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  railroad  from 
illidaysburg  to  Henrietta,  1  mile  E.  of  Williamsburg 
J;iction,  and  2  miles  E.  of  HoUidaysburg. 

^oop  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
ti,  Chesapeake  <fe  Ohio  Railroad,  at  Loop  Creek  Station,  32 
ties  S.E.  of  Charleston.  Here  is  a  hamlet  called  Deep- 
*  er,  which  has  a  church. 

i^oop-Hcad,  a  promontory  of  Ireland,  at  the  N.  side 
o,.he  entrance  of  the  Shannon.  Elevation,  232  feet.  On 
It  I  a  nxcd  light.    Lat.  52°  33'  39"  N.  j  Ion.  9°  36'  W. 


Looristan,  Lonristan,  or  Lnristan,  loo-ris-t&n', 
a  mountainous  district  of  Persia,  in  Irak-Ajemee,  between 
32°  and  34°  N.  lat. 

Loos,  loce,  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  3  miles  by  rail 
W.  of  Lille.  It  has  manufactures  of  cottons,  sugar,  linen, 
chemicals,  dyes,  and  spirits,  and  is  the  seat  of  a  great  prison, 
a  reform  school,  and  an  orphanage.     Pop.  6910. 

Loos,  losh,  Lossa,  losh'Sh^,  or  Losing,  lo'zing,  a 
town  of  Hungary,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Oedenburg.     Pop.  1230. 

Loos,  Lous,  or  Lus,loos,  a  province  of  Beloochistan, 
bordering  on  the  Indian  Ocean.  Area,  6200  square  miles. 
Pop.  60,000. 

Loo^sahatch'ee,  a  small  river  of  Tennessee,  runs 
W.  through  Faj'ette  co.  and  S.W.  in  Shelby  co.,  and  enters 
the  Wolf  River  about  3  miles  N.  of  Memphis. 

Loosapatilla  Creek.    See  Luxapatili.a  Creek. 
■  Loo^sascoo'na  Creek,  Mississippi,  rises  in  Ponto- 
toc CO.,  runs  southwestward  through  the  cos.  of  Calhoun 
and  Yalabusha,  and  enters  the  Yalabusha  River  in  Grenada 
CO.,  4  miles  above  Grenada.     It  is  nearly  80  miles  long. 

Loose  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Osage  co..  Mo.,  about 
15  miles  E.  of  Jefferson  City.  It  has  3  general  stores  and 
2  flour-mills. 

Looshtook,  an  Indian  name  for  the  river  St.  John,  N.B. 

Loosing  (looz'ing)  Creek,  of  North  Carolina,  flows 
through  Hertford  co.  into  the  Chowan. 

Lootenhulle,  IS't^n-hiirieh,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
East  Flanders,  12  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  2936. 

Lootsk,  Loutsk,  Lutsk,  or  Luck,  lootsk,  a  town 
of  Russia,  in  Volhynia,  40  miles  E.  of  Vladimeer.  Pop. 
11,838. 

Loox^aho'ma,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tate  oo.,  Miss.,  8  miles 
E.  of  Senatobia.     It  has  2  churches. 

Loox^apalii'a,  a  post-office  of  Lamar  co.,  Ala. 

Looz,  loz,  or  Borcliloen,  boonicMoon',  a  town  of  Bel- 
gium, in  Limbourg,  9  miles  S.  of  Hasselt.     Pop.  1870. 

Looza,  Louza,  or  Luza,  loo'zi,  a  river  of  Russia, 
government  of  Vologda,  joins  the  Yoog.    Length,  200  miles. 

Lopedusa,  an  island  of  Italy.    See  Lampepusa. 

Lopenitz,  a  town  of  Moravia.    See  Schlapaxitz. 

Lopera,  lo-pi'r3,,  a  town  of  Spain,  22  miles  N.W.  of 
Jaen,  near  the  Guadalquivir.     Pop.  3387. 

Lo'pez  (Span.  pron.  lo'pdth)  Island,  a  post-office  of 
San  Juan  co.,  Washington,  on  Lopez  Island,  E.  of  San  Juan. 
Area  of  island,  30  square  miles. 

Lopienno,  lo-pe-6n'no,  a  town  of  Prussia,  14  .miles 
N.N.W.  of  Gnesen.    Pop.  1246, 

Lop  Nor,  lop  noR,  or  Lob  Nor,  a  lake  of  Chinese 
Toorkistan,  lat.  40°  50'  N.,  Ion.  87°  30'  to  89°  E.,  sur- 
rounded by  a  desert  country.  It  receives  the  river  Yarkand, 
but  has  no  known  outlet.  Length,  estimated  from  50  to 
100  miles.     Elevation,  2200  feet.     It  is  very  shallow. 

Loppersum,  lop'p^r-silm,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, province  and  11  miles  N.W.  of  Groningen.  Pop., 
with  environs,  2522. 

Lopud,  an  island  of  Austria.    See  Mezzo. 

Lora,  lo'ri,  a  river  of  Afghanistan,  rises  about  50  miles 
N.E.  of  Shawl,  and,  after  flowing  S.W.  for  80  miles,  is  lost 
in  the  sands  of  the  desert. 

Lora,  a  district  in  the  S.  of  Afghanistan,  near  Ghuzneo. 

Lora  del  Rio,  lo'ri  ddl  ree'o,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  32  miles  E.N.E.  of  Seville,  on  the  Guadalquivir. 
Pop.  7140i     It  has  manufactures  of  hats  and  leather. 

Loral,  a  village  of  Sardinia.    See  Illobai. 

Lorain,  lo-ran',  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Ohio,  has 
an  area  of  about  640  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.  by  Lake  Erie,  and  is  drained  by  Black  and  Vermilion 
Rivers.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  sugar-maple,  chestnut,  hickory,  and 
other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  contains  much  clay. 
Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  butter,  wool,  wheat,  and  cheese  arc 
the  staple  products.  This  county  has  quarries  of  Devonian 
sandstone,  a  good  material  for  building.  It  is  intersected 
by  railroads  named  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  <t 
St.  Louis,  the  Wheeling  &  Lake  Erie,  the  Cleveland,  Lo- 
rain <fc  Wheeling,  and  the  Lake  Shore  <fe  Michigan  South- 
ern, the  latter  two  of  which  pass  through  Elyria,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  30,308;  in  1880,  35,526;  in  1890,  40,295. 

Lorain,  a  township  of  Nobles  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  182. 

Lorain,  a  post-village  of  Lorain  co.,  0.,  in  Black  River 
township,  on  Lake  Erie,  at  the  mouth  of  Black  River,  8 
miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Elyria,  and  about  25  miles  W.  of 
Cleveland.  It  is  a  terminus  of  the  Cleveland,  Lorain  & 
Wheeling  Railroad,  and  has  a  good  harbor,  with  shipments 
of  coal,  grain,  lumber,  and  iron  ore.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  graded  school,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  brass-  and 
iron-foundry,  a  grist-mill,  2  planing-mills,  7  coal-derrickg, 


LOR 


1692 


LOR 


and  »  manufoetory  of  eoil-pip*.  The  mncbino-ibops  ftnd 
oar-worki  of  the  railroad  are  located  here.  Pop.  in  1880, 
1505;  in  1890,4883. 

JLoraine*  lo-r&n',  a  post-hamlet  of  Coosa  oo.,  Ala.,  18 
milea  X.  of  Wetuinpka.     It  has  a  church. 

LoraiiiCt  a  poat-villago  of  Adams  co.,  111.,  in  Keone 
townshin,  on  a  branch  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  <!fc  Quincy 
Bailroad.  21  miles  N.E.  of  Quincy.     It  hivs  4  stores. 

Itorninc,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  III.    Pop.  577. 

liOraine,  a  township  of  Polk  oo..  Wis.     Pop.  106. 

Iiorainiev  lor'i>-mo,  a  township  of  Shelby  oo.,  0.,  about 
6  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Dayton.  It  is  on  the  railroad  which 
connects  Sidney  with  Union  City,  Ind.     Pop.  1707. 

liOramie'S)  Shelby  co.,  0.    See  Berlik. 

Loramic's  Creek,  of  Ohio,  rises  in  Shelby  co.,  and 
flows  into  the  Miami  River  about  .3  miles  above  Piqua. 

Lo^ran',  a  post-township  of  Stephenson  oo.,  III.,  about 
40  mile?  W.  of  Rockford.     Pop.  1200. 

Lor'ance,  a  township  of  Bollinger  oo..  Mo.    Pop.  2872. 

Lorane,  lo-rain',  a  post-hamlet  of  Whitley  co.,  Ind.,  5 
miles  N.W.  of  Columbia. 

Lor'berry,  a  station  in  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  on  a  branch 
of  the  Lebanon  &  Tremont  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Lor- 
bcrry  Junction.    Coal  is  mined  in  the  vicinity. 

Lorberry  Junction,  a  station  in  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  Lebanon  &  Tremont  Branch  of  the  llesuiing  Rail- 
road, at  the  junction  of  a  branch  railroad  to  Kalmia  and 
Williamstown.     It  is  i  mile  from  Cherryville. 

Lorca,  loR'k&  (ano.  Eliocrocaf  or  Jlorcit),  a  city  of 
Spain,  province  and  42  miles  S.AV.  of  Murcia,  on  the  S. 
slope  of  Mount  CaKo,  the  summit  of  which  is  crowned  by  a 
castle.  It  consists  of  two  parts, — an  ancient  town,  situated 
in  the  vicinity  of  the  castle,  with  mean  houses  and  narrow 
■winding  streets,  and  a  modern  town,  consisting  of  houses 
which  have  a  substantial  appearance,  and  streets  which  are 
■well  formed.  It  has  8  churches,  an  episcopal  palace,  a 
court-house,  and  a  hospital.  The  manufactures  conlist 
chieBy  of  coarse  woollens,  linens,  leather,  hard  soap,  and 
earthenware;  and  there  are  oil-mills,  dye-works,  brick-  and 
tile-works,  and  some  trade  in  grain,  barilla,  esparto,  cattle, 
and  mules.  In  the  vicinity  are  mines  of  lead.  Lorca  is  a 
very  ancient  place,  and  makes  a  considerable  figure  in  the 
wars  of  the  Moors.  Its  old  castle  once  caused  Lorca  to  be 
considered  the  key  of  Murcia;  the  walls  of  the  town  and  a 
tower  are  Moorish,  and  it  has  some  Roman  antiquities. 
Pop.  48,158. 

tiorch,  loRK,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hosse-Nassan,  20 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Wiesbaden,  on  the  Rhino.     Pop.  1886. 

IiOrch,  a  market-town  of  Germany,  Wiirtemberg,  23 
miles  S.AV.  of  Ellwangen.  Pop.  2283,  with  an  abbey  in 
which  most  of  the  Hohenstauffen  princes  arc  buried. 

liOrchingen,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Longuix. 

liOrd  Anson's  Island,  Pacific.    See  Anson's  Island. 

Liorde,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Loukdes. 

Lord  Hood's  Island,  or  Mnrutca,  mi-roo-ti'&, 
Pacific  Ocean,  is  in  lat.  21°  30'  S.,  Ion.  135°  33'  W. 

liord  Howe's  Island,  one  of  the  Society  Islands,  lat. 
16°  50'  S.,  Ion.  154°  21'  W.,  about  60  miles  long  and  4  miles 
broad.     It  was  discovered  by  Captain  Wallis  in  1767. 

Lord  Howe's  Islands,  Pacific  Ocean,  form  a  part 
of  the  Solomon  Islands. 

Lord  Howe's  Islands,  a  group  of  islands  in  the 
Pacific,  N.E.  of  Sydney.     Lat.  31°  30'  S. ;  Ion.  159°  10'  E. 

Lord  HoAve's  Islands,  a  group  of  small  islands  in 
the  South  Pacific  Ocean.     Lat.  5°  30'  S.;  Ion.  159°  31'  E. 

Lords'to  wn,  a  post-office  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  in  Lords- 
town  township,  5  or  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Warren,  and  12  miles 
N.W.  of  Youngstown.  The  township  has  3  churches.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  858.     Coal  is  mined  near  this  place. 

Lord's  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  Pa. 

Lord'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  153  miles  N.W. 
of  New  York.     It  has  a  tannery  and  2  saw-mills. 

Loreauviile,  lo-rO'vil,  post-office,  Iberia  parish,  La. 

Lore  City,  or  Gom'ber,  a  post-village  of  Guernsey 
CO.,  0.,  in  Wills  township,  on  the  Baltimore  &,  Ohio  Rail- 
road, 8  miles  E.  of  Cambridge. 

Lo'rena,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas. 

Lore'na,  a  post-office  of  Lexington  co.,  S.C. 

Lorena,  a  post-village  of  McLennan  co.,  Tex.,  13  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Waco. 

Lorena,  1o-r&'n&,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  130  miles 
K.E.  of  Sao  Paulo,  on  the  Parahiba.    Pop.  of  district,  6000. 

Lo'rentz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Upshur  co.,  W.  Va.,  6  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Buckhannon. 

Lorenzana,  lo-r5n-thi'nl,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  31  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lugo.     Pop.  337. 


Loren'zen,  a  pos't-hnmlet  of  Sharkey  co..  Miss  4 
miles  W.  of  Rolling  Fork.  ** 

Loren'zo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Will  co..  III.,  on  two  rail. 
roads,  16  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Joliet,  and  6  miles  N.E.  of 
Goal  City.     It  has  general  stores. 

Lorenzo  Marquez.    See  Luurrnzo  Marquee. 

Loreo,  lo-rA'o,  a  town  of  lUvly,  province  of  Rovigo,  26 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Venice,  on  the  Canal  of  Lorco.     Pop.  ?.^-,\ 

Loreto,  lo-rd'to,  or  Loretto,  lo-rfit'to,  a  city  of  It 
in  the  Marches,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Macerata,  and  aboi. 
miles  from  the  Adriatic.     Pop.  8083.     It  owes  its  oricn 
the  house  of  the  Virgin,  which,  according  to  the  tnidi; 
was  brought  hither  from  Nazareth  by  the  angols.    Ovc: 
a  magnificent  church  has  been  built,  while  around  it  L.'.!. 
grown  up  the  town.     Its  suburb,  Montercalo,  is  more  ele- 
gant than  the  city.     The  governor's  iialace  and  the  pubI",o 
fountains  are  worthy  of  notice,  but  the  holy  shrine  ii  the 
chief  object  of  attraction  to  visitors,  and  the  trade  of  the 
place  is  exclusively  in  rosaries  and  relics. 

Loreto,  lo-ri'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Teramo 
3i  miles  S.E.  of  Civita  di  Penne.     Pop.  5568. 

Loreto,  lo-rd'to,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  Lower  Califom'ia 
Lat.  26°  12'  N.;  Ion.  112°  7'  W. 

Loreto,  lo-rA'to,  a  small  town  of  Bolivia,  50  milei  S.E. 
of  Trinidad. 

Loreto,  lo-ri'to,  a  town  of  Peru,  on  the  N.E.  bank  of 
the  Amazon,  near  the  confines  of  Ecuador  and  BraiiL  It 
has  a  church  and  20  houses. 

Loreto,  a  department  of  Peru,  in  the  Amazon  valley,  j 
and  containing  a  great  part  of  the  northeastern  forests  acij 
plains.    Area,  132,727  square  miles.     Capital,  Moyobamba. 
Pop.  61,125. 

Lorette,  lo'njt',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire, on  the  Giei, 
and  on  a  railway,  at  the  junction  of  several  branches,  3 
miles  S.W.  of  Rive-de-Gier.  It  has  coal-mines,  iron-far- 
nacos,  and  shops  for  metallic  wares.     Pop.  3751. 

Lorette,  lo-rCt',  a  post-office  of  Kingman  co.,  Kansas, 

Lorette,  or  Saint  Ambroise  de  la  Jeune  Lo> 
rette,  skni  6M*bHwJ,z'  d?h  M.  zhtin  loMifit',  a  post-village 
in  Quebec  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  St.  Charles,  8  miloa 
N.AV.  of  Quebec.  It  contains  a  paper-mill,  a  saw-mill,  a 
flour-mill,  and  the  Quebec  water-works.  The  Falls  of  Lo- 
rette are  an  object  of  much  admiration. 

Loret'to,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Knoxville  Branch  of  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad, 
57  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Louisville.  Pop.  42.  Here  is  the 
mother-house  of  the  nuns  of  Loretto,  and  a  Catholic  acad- 
emy for  young  ladies. 

Loretto,  a  station  in  Somerset  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Eastern 
Shore  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Princess  Anne,  and  23 
miles  N.E.  of  Crisfield. 

Lor.etto,  a  post-borough  of  Cambria  co..  Pa.,  about  2 
miles  W.  of  Altoona.  It  contains  a  Catholic  chapel  and 
St.  Francis  College  (Catholic),  St.  Aloysius  Academy  for 
ladies,  a  Franciscan  monastery,  a  convent,  Ac.   Pop.  280. 

Loretto,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Tenn.,  20  milei 
S.  of  Lawrenceburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Loretto,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  Va.,  is  near  the 
Rappahannock  River,  about  48  miles  N.N.E.  of  Richmond. 

Loret'to,  a  post-village  in  Cardwell  co.,  Ontario,  21 
miles  W.  of  Bradford.     Pop.  90. 

Loretum,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Rgquena. 

Lorgis,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Lorqiti. 

Lorgues,  long,  a  town  of  France,  in  Var,  7  miles  S.W. 
of  Draguignan.     Pop.  3030. 

Lorient,  or  L'Orient,  lo're-6N»',  a  fortified  seaport 
town  of  France,  department  of  Morbihan,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Scorf,  in  the  Bay  of  Biscay,  42  miles  W.  of  Vanncs. 
Its  streets  are  regular,  wide,  well  paved,  but  dull  in  ap- 
pearance, lined  by  houses  of  good  construction  ;  its  public 
squares  are  large  and  handsome.  The  harbor  is  capacious, 
safe,  and  commodious,  surrounded  by  magnificent  buildings, 
among  which  is  a  tower,  used  as  a  light-house  and  observa- 
tory, and  lined  by  handsome  quays.  In  the  roads,  whole 
fleets  can  ride  in  safety.  At  some  distance  below  the  har- 
bor, its  entrance  is  commanded  by  a  fort  built  on  the  We 
St.  Michael,  and  mounting,  it  is  said,  500  guns.  The 
dock-yard  and  arsenal  are  among  the  most  complete  and 
extensive  in  France.  The  principal  buildings  are  the  parish 
church,  and  the  Prefecture  Maritime,  situated  on  the  port 
at  the  entrance  to  the  dock-yard.  Almost  all  the  workmg- 
classes  are  employed  in  connection  with  the  dock-yard. 
Lorient  has  also  forges,  foundries,  and  manufactures  of 
steam-engines.  The  trade  and  commerce  have  declined. 
The  exports  are  chiefly  flour,  brandy,  wino,  woollcnj,  cot- 
tons, hardware,  iron,  lead,  Ac.  Lorient  possesses  courts  of 
first  resort  and  commerce,  a  chamber  of  commerce  and  ex- 


LOR 


1693 


LOS 


hango,  a  school  of  hydrography  of  the  second  class,  and  a 
ommunal  college.  At  the  beginning  of  the  seventeenth 
entury  it  was  a  mere  village,  but  all  at  once  it  rose  into 
fnportance.  In  1770  it  was  made  one  of  the  four  stations 
f  the  French  navy,  and  a  free  port.  The  revolution  of 
789-92  almost  annihilated  its  commerce.  From  the  shock 
^cn  sustained  it  has  never  recovered.  Pop.  31,000 
i  L'Orignal,  lo^Rcen^yil',  a  post-village  of  Ontario, 
Inpital  of  the  united  counties  of  Prescott  and  Russell,  on 
bo  Ottawa  River,  66  miles  W.  of  Montreal.  It  contains, 
iesides  the  county  buildings,  3  churches,  grist-  and  saw- 
hills,  and  4  stores.  A  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here, 
pop.  800. 
I  lio'ring)  a  post-office  of  Wyandotte  co.,  Kansas, 

Loriol,  lo^re-ol'  (anc.  Aureolif),  a  town  of  Franco,  in 
pr8mc,  12  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Valence.     Pop.  2181. 
I  Lormes,  lonm,  a  town  of  France,  in  Nievre,  18  miles 
j.E.  of  Clamecy.     Pop.  1960. 

I  Lormont,  lon^m^u"',  a  village  of  France,  in  Gironde, 
m  the  Garonne,  3  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  2722. 

Lorii,  a  mountainous  district  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Argyle, 
[ounded  E.  by  Breadalbane  (co.  of  Perth),  and  W.  by  Loch 
Ijinnhe. 

i  Lorqui;  loK-kee'  (anc.  Lor'iju  /),  a  town  of  Spain, 
[irovince  and  10  miles  N.  of  Murcia.  Pop.  1020. 
I  Lorquin,  lou'kiiNo',  or  Lorchingen,  Icin'king-^n,  a 
jown  of  Germany,  in  Lorraine,  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Saarburg. 
*•  Lorrach,  lon'udK,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the  Wiesen,  28 
^iles  S.S.W.  of  Freiburg.  Pop.  6249. 
I  Lorraine,  loR'rdn'  (Ger.  Lothringen,  lot'ring-^n ;  L. 
polharin'gia),  a  former  province  of  France,  comprising  up 
lo  1871  the  departments  of  Vosges,  Meurthe,  Moselle,  and 
Iflcuse.  In  1871  a  large  part  of  it  was  ceded  to  Germany, 
tnd  now  forms  a  district  {Lothringen)  in  the  province  of 
ilsace-Lorraine.  Area  of  Gorman  Lorraine,  2397  square 
piles.  Capital,  Metz.  P. 480,250.  See  Alsace-Lorkaine. 
I  Lorraine,  15r-ran',  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co..  Mo. 
i  Lorraine,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Lor- 
jftine  township,  about  15  miles  S.  of  Watertown.  It  has  2 
jhurches  and  a  cheese-factory.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1377. 
I  Lorris,  lon'Rces'  or  loR^ueo',  a  town  of  France,  in 
jiOiret,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Montargis,     Pop.  1438. 

Lorscli,  loRsh,  or    Laurishcim,    ldw'ris-hime\  a 
pwn  of  Germany,  grand  duchy  of  Hesse,  16  miles  S.  of 
|)armstadt.    Pop.  of  commune,  3766. 
j  Lorsica,  loR'sc-ki,  a  village  of   Italy,  province    of 
ienoa,  6  miles  from  Cicagna.     Pop.  1907. 
I  Lor'ton  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Fairfax  co.,  Va. 
i  Lor'way  3Iines,  a  post-village  in  Cape  Breton  co., 
Jova  Scotia,  on  the  Glasgow  &  Cape  Breton  Railway,  4 
lilies  from  Sydney.    It  has  9  stores  and  large  coal-mines, 
i'op.  250. 

j  Los  Alamos,  loce  i'li-moce,  a  post-office  of  Santa 
jiarbara  co.,  Cal. 
j  Los  Alamos,  a  post-office  of  San  Miguel  co.,  N.  Mex. 

Los  Alamos,  loce  i'14-mocc  (i.e.,  "the  poplar-trees"), 
[  town  of  Mexico,  in  Sonora,  140  miles  N.W.  of  Cinaloa, 
p  a  district  celebrated  for  its  gold-  and  silver-mines.  It 
joa  some  well-paved  streets,  and  the  houses  are  generally 
juilt  of  stone  or  brick.  It  has  a  mint.  Pop.  about  10,000. 
I  Los  Andes,  a  town  of  Chili.  See  Andes. 
I  Los  Angeles,  loce  an'j5h-l5z  (Sp.  pron.  loce  Ing'Hi- 
|5s),  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  California,  has  an  area  of 
jbout  4000  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the 
I'acific  Ocean,  and  is  drained  by  the  San  Gabriel  and  Santa 
jina  Rivers.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  high  moun- 
jiins,  called  Sierra  Madre  and  Santa  Susanna,  and  fertile 
lalleysitnd  plains.  In  the  N.W.  part  stands  Mount  Pinos, 
*  peak  of  the  Coast  Range,  about  7500  feet  high.  The  cli- 
jiate  is  dry,  mild,  equable,  and  very  salubrious.  The  soil 
|nd  climate  are  adapted  to  pastoral  pursuits,  and  to  the 
production  of  wine.  This  county  is  one  of  the  chief  orange 
jistricts  of  the  state.  Figs  and  lemons  also  flourish  here. 
iVooI,  wine,  cattle,  maize,  honey,  and  barley  are  the  staple 
froducts.  Among  the  most  productive  silver-mines  in 
I'alifornia  are  those  in  this  county.  Among  its  other  min- 
frals  are  gold,  copper,  limestone,  marble,  and  asphaltum. 
it  is  intersected  by  several  branches  of  the  Southern  Pacific 
lailroad.  Capital,  Los  Angeles.  Pop.  in  1870,  15,309; 
a  1880,  33,381;  in  1890,  101,454. 

Los  Angeles,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Los  Angelea  co., 
al.,  is  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  about  14  miles  from 
|ae  Pacific  Ocean,  and  345  miles  in  a  direct  line  S.E.  of  San 
S'rancisco.  Lat.  34°  5'  N. ;  Ion.  118°  18'  W.  It  is  the 
jiost  populous  town  of  Southern  California,  and  is  noted 
j)r  the  amenity  of  its  climate,  the  beauty  of  its  gardens, 
M  the  excellence  of  its  fruits.     Oranges,  lemons,  and  figs 


flourish  in  the  open  air,  and  it  has  extensive  vineyards,  the 
product  of  which  is  converted  into  wine.  Oranges,  wine, 
and  wool  are  the  chief  articles  of  export.  Los  Angeles  has 
49  churches,  a  Jewish  synagogue,  9  banks,  with  a  capital  of 
$3,500,000,  and  Protestant  and  Catholic  hospitals.  Seven 
daily- and  7  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  The 
city  has  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop,  and  is  the  seat  of  St. 
Vincent's  College  (Catholic),  of  Methodist,  Baptist,  and 
Presbyterian  universities,  and  of  three  female  seminaries,  a 
state  normal  school,  and  a  public  high  school.  The  Los 
Angeles  division  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad  connects 
this  city  with  Northern  California  and  with  the  East,  and 
other  lines  extend  to  the  sea-coast.  Pop.  in  1880,  11,183; 
in  1890,  50,395. 

Los  Angeles,  loce  &ng'H&-lSs,  or  Los  Alleles,  a 
town  of  Chili,  province  of  Biobio,  88  miles  E.  of  Concepcion. 
It  is  a  railway  terminus.     Pop.  4570. 

Los  Angeles  River,  a  small  stream  of  Los  Angeles 
CO.,  in  the  S.S.E.  part  of  California,  falls  into  the  Pacific 
Ocean.     The  town  of  Los  Angeles  is  on  its  left  bank. 

Losanna,  the  Italian  name  of  Lausanne. 

Losant'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind., 
about  22  miles  N.W.  of  Richmond,     It  has  a  church, 

Losar,  lo-san',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  62 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Caceres.     Pop,  2012.' 

Losarcos,  loce-aR'koce,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre, 
35  miles  from  Pamplona.     Pop,  2018, 

Los  Banos,  loce  b^'noce,  a  post-office  of  Merced  co.,  Cal. 

Los  Buenos  Jardines.    See  Scarborough  Islands. 

Losch,  losh,  a  town  of  Moravia,  4  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Brunn.     Pop,  2340, 

Loschwitz,  losh'^its,  a  village  of  Saxony,  near  Dres- 
den, on  the  Elbe,  here  crossed  by  a  ferry.     Pop,  2920. 

Los  Colorados,  loce  kol-o-ri'doce,  a  cluster  of  rocks- 
and  islets  off  the  N.W.  side  of  the  island  of  Cuba,  in  lat. 
22°  15'  N.,  Ion.  84°  40'  W, 

Losdzey,  losd'zd,  or  Lozdzey,  written  also  Lozd> 
ziey,  lozd'zyi,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  province  and 
26  miles  E.N.E.  of  Suwalki.     Pop.  1600. 

Los  Frayles,  Caribbean  Sea.    See  Frayles. 

Los  Gatos,  loce  g&'toce,  a  post-village  of  Santa  Clara 
CO.,  Cal.,  in  Redwood  township,  10  miles  S.W.  of  San  Jos6. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop,  in  1890,  1652, 

Los  Hermanos,  Caribbean  Sea,    See  Hermanos, 

Losh  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Pottawattamie  co.,  Iowa. 

Losh's  Run,  a  station  in  Perry  co,.  Pa.,  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Harrisburg. 

Losing,  a  town  of  Hungary,    See  Loos, 

Los,  Isles  de,  Africa,    See  Isles  de  Los, 

Los  Lanos,  loce  13,'noce,  a  town  of  the  Canary  Isles, 
S,W,  side  of  the  island  of  Palma, 

Loslau,  los'low  (Polish,  Vodctslatoice,  vod-tso-sli- 
vect'si),  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  63  miles  S.S.E.  of  Op 
peln.     Pop.  2382. 

Los  Luceros,  loce  loo-sa'roce,  a  village  of  Rio  Arriba 
CO.,  New  Mexico,  on  the  Rio  Grande,  about  25  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Santa  F6. 

Los  Lunas,  loce  loo'nls,  a  post-village  of  Valencia  co., 
New  Mexico,  on  the  Rio  Grande,  about  24  miles  S.  of  Al- 
buquerque.    It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  500. 

Los  Nietos,  loce  ne-i'toce,  a  village  of  Los  Angeles  co., 
Cal.,  near  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  about  12  miles  S.E. 
of  Los  Angeles.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
a  grist-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  1544, 

Los  Ojitos,  loce  o-aee'toce,  a  post-office  of  San  Miguel 
CO.,  New  Mexico. 

Losoncz,  or  Losontz,  lo^shonts',  a  town  of  Hungary, 
CO.  of  Ncograd,  63  miles  N,N,E,  of  Pesth.     Pop,  5178, 

Los  Pinos,  loce  pee'noce,  a  post-office  of  Gunnison  co,, 
Col.,  about  50  miles  N.W.  of  Del  Norte.  Here  is  an  Indian 
Agency. 

Los  Reyes,  loce  ri'yfis,  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Co- 
lombia, state  of  Magdalena,  100  miles  S.E.  of  Santa  Marta. 

Los  Rios,  a  province  of  Ecuador.    See  Rios. 

Lossa,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Loos. 

Los  Santos,  loce  sin'toce,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  36  miles  S.E.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  5886. 

Los  Santos,  Colombia,  South  America.    See  Santos. 

Losser,  los'ser,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Overyg- 
sel,  22  miles  E.S.E.  of  Almelo.     Pop.  of  commune,  5037. 

Los'sie,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Elgin,  issues  from 
a  small  loch  of  the  same  name,  and  flows  N.  and  N.E.  to 
Lossiemouth,  on  the  Moray  Firth.     Total  course,  26  miles. 

Los'siemouth,  a  small  seaport  of  Scotland,  on  the 
sea,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Lossie,  co.  and  5  miles  by  rail 
N.E.  of  Elgin.  Pop,  2620.  It  has  an  artificial  port  and  a 
fishery. 


LOS 


1694 


LOU 


Loaslnlf  I«s-«M'nee,  or  Osero,  o-si'ro  (Ger.  Luttin, 
lS8l-M«a'}  MIO.  Aptorui),  AH  islftnd  of  Austria,  in  the  Qulf 
of  Qttftmero,  immedifttoty  S.W.  of  the  ishtnd  of  Chorso,  with 
whioh  It  is  oonneoted  by  a  bridge.  Length,  Itf  milee; 
breadth,  3  miles.  Near  its  8.  extremity  are  the  contiguous 
villages  of  Lossmi  GRAvnn  (pop.  11)69)  and  Lossini  Piccolo 
(pop.  564S),  having  a  good  harbor  and  ship-yards. 

IjOssuitZ,  ISss'niti!,  a  town  of  Saxony,  17  miles  by  rail 
S.S.W.  of  Chemnitz.  Pop.  6382.  It  has  manufaotarea  of 
woollen  oluth  and  linens. 

I>os^siir%  a  village  of  Thibet,  in  Ladakh.  Lat.  32°  8' 
N.:  Ion.  "S"  6'  E.     Elevation,  13,400  feet. 

liOstnnge  Islaud,  in  the  Pacific.  See  Princh 
William  IIknuv. 

lios'tnnt,  a  post-village  of  La  Salle  co..  Til.,  on  the 
Illinois  Central  Railroad,  14  miles  S.  of  La  Salle,  and  46 
miles  N.  of  Bloomington.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flouring- 
mill,  and  3  grain-elevators.     Pop.  about  250. 

Lost  Branch,  or  OIney,  Sl'noo,  a  hamlet  of  Lincoln 
CO.,  Mo.,  about  60  miles  W.N.W.  of  St.  Charles.  It  has  a 
church. 

liOst  Creek,  Alabama,  runs  80utliea!»tvirard  in  Walker 
CO.,  and  enters  the  Mulberry  Fork  of  Black  Warrior  River, 
about  7  miles  from  the  mouth  of  that  fork. 

Lost  Creek,  Arkansas,  runs  southward  through  Grant 
CO.  and  enters  the  Snlino  lllver. 

Lost  Creek,  Indiana,  runs  westward  through  Orange  co. 
and  unites  with  Lick  Creek.  It  flows  for  a  few  miles  in  a  sub- 
terranean channel,  from  which  it  returns  to  the  surface. 

Lost  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Clinton  co.,  111. 

Lost  Creek,  a  township  of  Vigo  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1914. 

Lost  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Breathitt  co.,  Ky. 

Lost  Creek,  a  township  of  Newton  co.,  Mo.  Pop. 
1093.     It  contains  Dayton,  and  has  lead-mines. 

Lost  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co..  Mo. 

Lost  Creek,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  0.  Pop.  1367. 
It  contains  Casstown. 

Lost  Creek  (formerly  Colorado),  a  post-village  of 
Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  in  West  Mahanoy  township,  on  the  Le- 
high Valley  Railroad,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Reading 
Railroad,  2^  miles  W.  of  Shenandoah.  It  has  a  church,  a 
coal-mine,  and  a  largo  store. 

Lost  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  Tenn. 

Lost  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co.,  AV.  Va. 

Lost  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Pierce  co.,  AVis. 

Lost  Grove,  a  township  of  AA'cbster  co.,  Iowa.     P.  315. 

Lostine,  los-teen',  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  Kan- 
sas, 7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Baxter  Springs. 

Lostiue,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  Oregon,  in  AVallowa 
Valley. 

Lost  Island,  a  post-office  of  Palo  Alto  co.,  Iowa,  40 
miles  AA''.  of  Algona.     Pop.  of  Lost  Island  township,  120. 

Lost  Mountain,  a  post- village  of  Cobb  co.,  Ga.,  about 
8  miles  AV.  of  Marietta. 

Lost  Na'tion,  a  post-village  and  station  of  Clinton  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Sabula,  Ackley  A  Dakota  Railroad,  42  miles 
E.  of  Marion.  It  has  a  money-order  post-office,  a  church, 
4  stores,  (fee.     Pop.  about  200. 

Lostorf,  los'toRf,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
IS  miles  N.E.  of  Soloure.     Pop.  1100. 

Lost  Park  Mountain,  Colorado,  a  peak  in  lat.  39° 
18'  15"  N.,  Ion.  105°  26'  15"  W.  It  has  an  altitude  of 
11,800  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Lost  lliv'er,  a  small  stream  of  Indiana,  rises  in  Wash- 
ington CO.,  and  unites  with  Lick  Creek,  an  affluent  of  AA'hite 
River,  in  Martin  co.  It  flows  in  a  subterranean  channel 
for  several  miles,  and  returns  to  the  surface. 

Lost  River,  a  township  of  Martin  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  899. 

Lost  River,  a  post-office  of  Hardy  co.,  AV.  Va.,  about 
45  miles  S.  of  Keyser. 

Lost  Run,  a  post-office  of  Breckenridge  co.,  Ky. 

Lost  Trail,  a  post-office  of  Hinsdale  co.,  Col. 

Lostwithiel,  lost-wiTH'91,  or  Leswithiel,  a  decayed 
borough  and  parish  of  England,  in  Cornwall,  on  the  Fowey, 
6  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Bodmin.  About  1  mile  N.  are  the 
fine  ruins  of  Restormel.    Pop.  922. 

Lot,  lot  (anc.  Ol'tis),  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  Mt. 
IfOz^re,  passes  Entraigues,  where  it  becomes  navigable,  and 
joins  the  Garonne  near  Aiguillon.  Length,  266  miles. 
Affluents,  the  Truy5re  and  Sello. 

Lot,  a  department  in  the  S.AV.  of  France,  formed  of 
part  of  the  old  province  of  Gascony.  Area,  2004  square 
miles.  Surface  elevated  and  mountainous,  covered  on  the 
E.  by  part  of  Mont  Cantal.  Chief  rivers,  the  Lot  and  Dor- 
dpgne.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  corn  is  raised  more  than 
sufficient  for  home  consumption;  wine  is  abundant.  The 
department  has  numerous  flax-mills,  iron-forges,  potteries. 


and  paper-mills.  It  is  divided  into  the  arrondissomenls  of 
Cahors,  Figoivo,  and  Gourdon.  Cai)ital,  Cahors.  Pon  1,. 
1891,25.3,886.  '' '" 

Lot,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  00.,  Ala. 

Lot,  a  post-office  of  Whitley  co.,  Ky. 

Lota,  or  Lota  B^a,  lO'ti  bl'iii,  a  town  of  Clilli,  on 
the  sea,  province  and  3  miles  S.  of  Conoepcion.  It  hu  coal- 
mines, gmelting-worko,  and  kilns  for  flrc-brick.     Pop.  .U-r' 

Lotbinidre,  l&t'be'ne-aiK',  a  county  in  the  eiiotern  1 
of  Quebec,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence.    Arcii,  , 
square  miles.    The  River  du  Chfine  and  the  Boaurivuiru 
flow  through  it.     Capital,  Lotbinifire.     Pop.  20,fi06. 

Lotbini^re,  the  capital  of  Lotbiniiro  co.,  Quebec,  on 
the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  47  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Quebec 
It  contains  2  foundries,  saw-  and  grist-mills,  a  convent  a 
church,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  2129. 

Lot" et> Garonne,  lot-A-g!l'ronn',  a  department  in  the 
S.AV.  of  France,  forming  part  of  the  old  j)n)vince  of  Ga«- 
cogno.  Area,  2027  square  miles.  Principal  rivers,  the 
Garonne  and  its  affluents  the  Bayse  and  Lot.  Soil  rerr 
fertile  in  the  plains  on  the  river-banks,  but  sterile  in  the 
arid  districts  termed  "  Landes,"  and  in  the  marshes.  Grain 
is  raised  sufficient  for  home  consumption,  and  wine  is  ex- 
ported. The  department  is  divided  into  the  arrondissemenU 
of  Agon,  Marmande,  Nerac,  and  Villeneuvo-d'Agen.  Pop 
in  1891,  295,360.     Capital,  Agen. 

Loteva,  a  town  of  France.    See  LonSvE. 

Loth,  a  village  of  Belgium,  6  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of 
Brussels.     Pop.  1000. 

Lothian,  lo'the-an,  a  post-village  of  Anno  Arundel  00, 
Md.,  14  miles  S.AV.  of  Annapolis.     It  has  2  churches. 

Lothians,  lo'rue-anz  (The),  a  division  of  Scotland, 
comprising  the  cos.  of  Haddington,  Edinburgh,  and  Linlith* 
gow,  respectively  called  East,  Middle,  and  West  Lothian. 

Lothmansburg,  Hungary.     See  LocsMA>fn. 

Lothringen,  and  Lotharingia.    See  LoRRAi.fE. 

Lo'throp,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa,  on  th» 
M'ddle  River,  and  on  the  Indianola  &  AVintorsct  Branch 
Railroad,  25  miles  S.  by  AV.  of  Des  Moines. 

Lot's  Creek,  of  BuUook  00.,  Ga.,  enters  the  Cannouohet 
from  the  left,  at  the  S.  extremity  of  the  county. 

Lot's  Wife,  a  rock  in  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Lat.  29* 
50'  N. ;  Ion.  142°  23'  E.  It  rises  almost  perpendicidarly 
to  the  height  of  nearly  300  feet. 

Lot'ta,  a  post-hamlet  of  Meigs  co.,  0.,  5  miles  If.  of 
Pomeroy.     It  has  a  church. 

Lotte,  lot't^h,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  government 
of  Miinster,  circle  of  Tecklenburg.     Poj).  1329. 

Lot'tery  Village,  AA''ashington  co.,  R.I.,  is  on  tie 
Pawcatuck  River,  4  miles  S.  of  AVestorly.     Pop.  101. 

Lottin,  South  Pacific.    See  Rocky  Island. 

Lottridge,  lot'rlj,  a  post-office  of  Athens  co.,  C,  abuut 
30  miles  AV.S.AV.  of  Marietta. 

Lotts'burg,  a  post-office  of  Northumberland  co.,  A'o., 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Potomac. 

Lott's  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Humboldt  co.,  lows, 
on  a  creek  near  the  Last  Fork  of  the  Des  Moines  Rirer, 
about  30  miles  N.  of  Fort  Dodge.     Pop.  291. 

Lott's  Creek,  a  township  of  Kossuth  co.,  Iowa.  P.  188. 

Lott's  Creek,  a  township  ofRinggold  CO.,  Iowa.  P.652. 

.Lotts'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVarren  co.,  Pa.,  in  Free- 
hold township,  11  miles  E.  of  Corry.     It  has  a  church. 

Lo'tus,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Cin- 
cinn.ati,  Hamilton  &  Indianapolis  (or  Junction)  Railroad, 
15i  miles  E.  of  Connersvillc.     It  h.as  a  Friends'  meeting. 

Lotus,  a  post-village  in  Durham  00.,  Ontario,  on  PigcftH 
Creek,  9  miles  S.AV.  of  Bethany.  It  eonUains  a. church, 
hotel,  saw-mill,  grist-mill,  and  woollen-factory.    Pop.  150. 

Lot'ville,  a  post-office  of  Fulton  co.,  N.Y. 

Lotzen,  lots'^n,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  42  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Guinbinnon,  on  a  railway.     Pop.  4059. 

Lou-Au,  or  Lou-Ngan,  China.     See  Looan. 

Louang  Prabang,  loo-ing'  prd'bing,  a  city  of  East- 
em  Asia,  capital  of  the  Western  Laos  States,  in  lat.  17°  40' 
N.,  Ion.  103°  25'  E.,  on  the  Mo-Kong  Hiver.     Pop.  8000. 

Louargat,  loo'an'gi',  a  village  of  France,  in  COtcs-Ji' 
Nord,  26  miles  W.  of  Saint-Brieuc.     Pop.  579. 

Louban,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Loobam. 

Loubar,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Loobar. 

Loubny,  a  town  of  Rus.sia.    See  Loob.vy. 

Loubou,  a  state  of  Celebes.    See  Logiiob. 

Loubressac,  loo^brSs'sdk',  a  town  of  France,  in  Lot 
21  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Figeac.     Pop.  1279. 

Louccos,  or  Kose,  a  river  of  Morocco.    See  El-Kos. 

Loudeac,  looMi'ik',  a  town  of  France,  in  COtci-du- 
Nord,  15  miles  S.  of  Saint-Brieuc.  It  has  important  lincn- 
manufaotures.     Pop.  2091. 


LOO 


1695 


LOU 


I  Ijondcn,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  0.     Pop.  831. 
I  Loudenville,  lovv'd^n-vil,  post-offico,  Albany  oo.,  N.Y. 
IjLondenville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  oo.,  W.  Va., 
'»  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  25  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Wheeling.     It  has  a  flouring-mill. 

Loudon,  low'd^n,  a  county  of  East  Tennessee,  has  an 
•ea  of  256  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Holston 
iver,  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Clinch  River,  and  also 
pained  by  the  Little  Tennessee.  The  surface  is  hilly.  The 
.)il  is  generally  very  fertile.  Nearly  70  per  cent,  of  it  is 
ioodland.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  East  Tennes- 
'se  Virginia  A  Georgia  Railroad  and  the  Marietta  &  North 
Jeorgia  Railroad,  the  former  connecting  with  London,  the 
lipital.  Pop.  in  1880,  9148 ;  in  1890,  9273. 
j  lioudon,  Cedar  co.,  Iowa.     See  Lowden. 

Loudon,  a  post-village  of  Merrimack  co.,  N.H.,  in 
k)udon  township,  on  the  Suncook  River,  7  or  8  miles 
jf.N.E.  of  Concord.  It  has  3  churches,  a  grist-mill,  several 
j\w-mills,  a  tannery,  a  manufactory  of  carriages,  a  black- 
[nith-shop,  and  general  stores.  Pop.  of  the  township, 
ibout  1000. 

g  Loudon,  a  township  of  Seneca  co.,  0.  Pop.  3133.  It 
i)ntain3  Fostoria. 

I  Loudon,  a  post-village  in  Peters  township,  Franklin 
L,  Pa.,  on  the  West  Branch  of  Conococheague  Creek,  at 
lie  base  of  Parnell's  Knob,  and  on  the  Southern  Pennsyl- 
ania  Railroad,  15  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Chambersburg.  It 
|as  3  churches  and  2  flour-mills. 

:  Loudon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  London  co.,  Tenn., 
i  on  the  Tennessee  (or  Ilolston)  River  and  the  East  Ten- 
[essoe,  Virginia  <fc  Georgia  Railroad,  28  miles  S.W.  of 
Lnoxville,  and  84  miles  N.E.  of  Chattanooga.  It  is  an 
luportant  shipping-point,  and  steamboats  ply  between  this 
|lace  and  Chattanooga.  It  has  1  or  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
igh  school,  5  churches,  &c.  Pop.  in  1890,  942. 
;  Loudon  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Loudon  township, 
jterrimaek  co.,  N.II.,  about  14  miles  N.E.  of  Concord. 
I  Loudon  City,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co..  111.,  in 
foudon  township,  about  54  miles  S.  of  Decatur.  It  has  a 
lurch.     Pop.  about  100. 

Loudon  Ridge,  a  post-village  of  Merrimack  CO.,  N.H., 
mostly  in  Loudon  township  and  partly  in  Gilmanton,  and 
12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Concord.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist- 
ill,  manufactures  of  carriages,  leather,  and  brooms,  and 
;arly  100  houses. 

Loudonville,  ISw'dgn-vil,  a  post-village  in  Hanover- 
wnship,  Ashland  co.,  0.,  on  the  Black  Fork  of  the  Mo- 
fcan  River,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  AVayne  &  Chicago 
jailroad,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Mansfield,  and  22  miles  S.W.  of 
'ooster.  It  has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded 
hool,  6  churches,  a  tannery,  a  large  flouring-mill,  2  car- 
nage-shops, and  a  foundry.  Pop.  in  1890,  1444. 
I  Loudoun,  ISw'dun,  a  parish  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr, 
I  miles  E.S.E.  of  Kilmarnock.  Here  are  remains  of  an- 
Iquitics,  besides  the  magnificent  castle  of  the  Marquis  of 
tastings.  On  Loudoun  Hill  a  battle  was  fought  between 
[rnce  and  the  Earl  of  Pembroke  in  1307.  Here  are  coal- 
lines.    Pop.  5525. 

Loudoun,  or  Loudon,  ISw'd^n,  a  county  in  the  N. 
jirt  of  Virginia,  borders  on  Maryland.  Area,  about  580 
j  uare  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Potomac 
iver,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Goose  Creek.  The  Blue 
[idge  extends  along  the  N.W.  border  of  this  county,  the 
j.rface  of  which  is  finely  diversified  with  hills  and  valleys. 
:  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is 
tostlv  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  grass,  and  pork 
je  the  staple  products.  In  one  year  it  produced  319,287 
ishels  of  Indian  corn,  more  than  any  other  county  in  the 
•ate,  and  in  its  product  of  wheat  has  been  surpassed  by 
;ily  two  of  its  sister  ^counties.    Granite  and  good  limestone 

ie  found  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Rich- 
end  <fe  Danville  Railroad,  which  connects  with  Leesburg, 
e  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,929:  in  1880,  23,634:  in 
,!90,  2.3,274.  >       >        > 

I  Loudoun,  a  post-village  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va.,  at  Guil- 
rd  Station  on  the  Washington  &  Ohio  Railroad,  25  miles 
f.W.  of  AVashington,  D.C.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  money- 
j  dcr  post-office. 

j  Loudsville,  ISwdz'vH,  a  post- village  of  White  co.,  Ga., 
fiout  80  miles  N.N.E.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  2  churches. 
Londnn,  looMilN»'  (L.  JuUodu'nnm),  a  town  of  France, 
Vienne,  33  miles  N.N.W.  of  Poitiers.  It  has  a  com- 
|unal  college,  and  mannfactures  of  wine  and  lace.  It  was 
iiee  the  capital  of  a  district  called  the  Loudunois.  P.  3986. 
;  Loudville,  ISwd'vIl,  a  post-village  of  Hampshire  oo., 
j  ass.,  6i  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Northampton.  It  has  3  paper- 
ills,  2  saw-mills,  and  a  grist-mill. 


Loa£,  looSL',  or  Louve,  loor,  a  river  of  France,  whioli, 
after  a  course  of  70  miles,  joins  the  Donba  a  little  below 
D&lo. 

Lou6,  a  market-town  of  France,  in  Sarthe,  16  miles  W. 
of  Le  Mans,  on  the  V5gre.  It  has  manufactures  of  linen 
and  paper.     Pop.  2006. 

Louella,  loo-el'la,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co..  Pa., 
in  Radnor  township,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  \  mile 
from  Wayne  Station,  and  13}  miles  W.N.W.  of  Philadel- 
phia.    It  has  3  churches. 

Louella,  a  post-offico  of  Rhea  co.,  Tenn. 

Louesche,  a  village  of  Switzerland.    See  Leuk. 

Louga,  or  Luga,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Looga. 

Louganskaia  Stanitza,  Russia.    See  Looganseaia. 

Louganskoe,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Looganskoe. 

Lougen,  or  Lougan,  low'gan,  a  river  of  Norway, 
stift  of  Aggershuus,  rises  by  many  heads  in  the  Langfield 
and  Sognefield  Mountains,  flows  S.E.,  traversing  Lake 
Miosen,  and,  under  the  name  of  Vermen,  joins  the  Glom- 
men  28  miles  N.E.  of  Christiania.     Course,  200  miles. 

Lough,  16n  ("lake").  For  all  articles  with  the  prefix 
Loucn,  not  below,  see  additional  name. 

Lough  Allen,  a  lake  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Leitrim,  9 
miles  N.  of  Carrick.     It  is  the  source  of  the  Shannon. 

Lough  Beg,  a  small  lake  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Antrim, 
separated  from  Lough  Neagh  by  a  nock  of  land. 

Loughborough,  lufl'bur-ruh,  a  market-town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  and  10  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Leicester,  with  a 
station  on  the  Midland  Railway.  It  is  paved,  and  lighted 
with  gas  ;  the  houses  are  mostly  of  brick,  and  the  town  haa 
a  respectable  and  thriving  appearance.  It  has  elegant 
churches,  a  free  grammar-school,  and  several  other  schools. 
The  principal  manufacture  of  the  town  consists  of  hosiery 
and  bobbinet.  In  the  neighborhood  are  a  bell-foundry, 
locomotive-works,  dye-works,  malt-kilns,  slate-quarries, 
corn-mills,  and  an  iron-foundry.     Pop.  (1891)  18,196. 

Loughborough,  luff'biir-ruh,  a  post-office  of  St.  Fran- 
cois CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern 
Railroad,  83  miles  S.  of  St.  Louis. 

Loughborough,  lo'biir-riih,  or  Syd'enham,  a  post- 
village  in  Addington  co.,  Ontario,  at  the  outlet  of  Slout's  Lake, 

17  miles  N.N.W.  of  Kingston.     It  contains  about  15  stores, 
4  hotels,  and  grist-,  saw-,  and  shingle-mills.     Pop.  450. 

Lough  (16h)  Brick'land,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Down,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Newry.     Pop.  388. 

Lough  Carra,  16h  k&r'ra,  a  small  lake  of  Ireland,  cc. 
of  Kerry,  3i  miles  S.  of  Castlemaine  Harbor. 

Lough  Conn,  16h  konn,  a  lake  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Mayo,  between  Castlebar  and  Ballina,  about  10  miles  in 
length  and  2  or  3  miles  in  breadth.  Its  lower  extremity  is 
called  Lough  Cullen. 

Lough  Corrib,  IAh  kor'rib,  a  large  lake  of  Ireland,  in 
Connaught,  co.  and  3  miles  N.  of  Galway.  Length,  from 
N.W.  to  S.E.,  20  miles;  the  breadth  varies  from  1  mile  to 
6  miles.  It  receives  the  Clare  and  other  rivers,  with  the 
surplus  water  of  Loughs  Mask  and  Carra,  and  discharge* 
its  own  surplus  by  the  Galway  River  into  Galway  Bay. 
On  its  banks  are  the  towns  of  Cong  and  Oughterard. 

Lough  Cullen,  Ireland.    See  Lough  Co.vx. 

Lough  Derg,  Ifia  dSRO,  Ireland,  the  longest  and  most 
picturesque  of  the  expansions  of  the  Shannon,  separates 
Munster  from  Connaught.  Length,  24  miles ;  the  breadth 
varies  from  2  to  6  miles. 

Lough  Derg,  a  lake  of  Ireland,  at  the  S.E.  extremity 
of  the  CO.  of  Donegal,  about  9  miles  in  circumference,  and 
containing  the  famous  islet  called  St.  Patrick's  Purgatory, 
which  is  visited  annually  by  18,000  devotees. 

Lough  Erne,  Ireland.    See  Er\e. 

Lough  Foyle,  16ti  foil,  of  Ireland,  is  a  large  arm  of 
the  sea,  forming  the  estuary  of  the  river  Foyle.     Length, 

18  miles ;  breadth,  9  miles. 

Lough'gall,  a  village  of  Ireland,  in  Ulster,  co.  and  i 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Armagh.     Pop.  394. 

Lough  Gara,  16h  gah'ra,  a  lake  of  Ireland,  in  Con- 
naught, 13  miles  W.  of  Carrick.  It  receives  the  Lung 
River  on  the  S.W.     Its  outlet  is  the  river  Boyle. 

Lough  Gur,  16h  giir,  a  lake  of  Ireland,  co.  and  10 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Limerick.  It  is  about  4  miles  in  circum- 
ference, and  contains  on  its  shores  some  of  the  most  striking 
Druidical  remains  in  the  kingdom. 

Lough  Iron,  16h  i'^rn,  a  lake  of  Ireland,  in  Leinster, 
CO.  of  Westmeath,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Mullingar. 

Lough  Mask,  16h  mask,  a  lake  of  Ireland,  cos.  of  Gal> 
way  and  Mayo,  11  miles  S.  of  Castlebar,  about  8  miles  long. 

Lough  Neagh,  16h  ni,  a  lake  of  Ireland,  on  the  S.W. 
border  of  the  co.  of  Antrim.  Length,  17  miles ;  breadth,  10 
miles.    It  receives  the  Upper  Bann  and  Blackwater  fion. 


IXXT 


tarn 


LOU 


the  S.,  and  discharges  its  surplus  waters  on  the  N.  bj  the 
Lower  Bann  into  the  Atlantio  Ocean. 

Loughor,  a  town  of  Wiilcs.    See  Castel-Lltciiwr. 

Lough  Oughter)  IAr  AR't^r,  a  lake  of  Ireland,  in 
Ulster,  00.  of  Camn.  Length,  5  miles ;  breadth,  3  miles. 
It  is  formed  by  an  expansion  of  the  Erne. 

liOUghrca,  lAiOri',  a  town  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Qalway, 
boautifully  situatod  on  an  aoolivity  on  a  small  lake  of  the 
same  name,  21i  miles  £.  by  S,  of  Galway.  It  has  a  parish 
church,  a  Roman  Catholic  chapel,  a  Carmelite  monastery, 
with  a  neat  chapel,  a  nunnery,  a  court-house,  workhouse, 
police  barrack,  hospital,  and  several  sohouls.  It  also  ])og- 
sesses  an  extensive  brewery,  tanneries,  and  corn-mills. 
Longhrea  was  once  fortified,  and  contains  the  remains  of 
an  old  oostle  and  monastery.     Pop.  3072. 

liOUgh  Shee'lin,  a  lake  of  Ireland,  partly  in  Leinster, 
008.  of  Mcath  and  Westmoath,  but  chiefly  in  Ulster,  oo.  of 
Cavan,  6  miles  £.  of  Qranard.  Length,  from  E.  to  W., 
about  5  miles;  breadth,  2^  miles. 

Lough  Strang'ford  is  a  large  lake  or  inlet  of  the 
sea,  between  Belfast  Lough  and  Dundrum  Bay,  15  milos  in 
length.     It  is  shallow,  and  encumbered  with  islets. 

Lougounor^  Caroline  Islands.     See  Looooonor. 

I.ouhans,  loo'ftN"',  a  town  of  France,  in  SiiOne-et- 
Loiro,  capital  of  an  arrondissement,  35  miles  N.E.  of 
M&con.  It  has  a  communal  college,  and  manufactures  of 
Jinen,  leather,  flour,  and  pottery.     Pop.  3498. 

Louhou,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Loehob. 

Louina«  loo-i'na,  a  post- village  of  Randolph  oo.,  Ala., 
on  the  Tallapoosa  River,  75  miles  N.E.  of  Montgomery. 

Louisa,  loo-ec'za,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Iowa, 
has  nn  area  of  about  320  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the 
Iowa  River.  The  Cedar  River  enters  the  Iowa  River  in 
this  county.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  hay,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  has  deposits  of  limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad,  the  Chi- 
cago, Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  and  the  Iowa  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  of  which  the  first-named  communicates  with 
Wapello,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,877 ; 
in  1880,  13,142;  in  1890,  11,873. 

Louisa,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Virginia,  has 
an  area  of  about  470  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.  by  the  North  Anna  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the 
South  Anna  River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  a  large  part 
of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats, 
and  tobacco  are  the  staple  products.  A  mine  of  copper  has 
been  opened  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Ches- 
apeake A  Ohio  Railroad,  which  passes  through  Louisa,  the 
capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870, 16,332 ;  in  1880, 18,942 ; 
in  1890,  16,997. 

Louisa,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  E.  boundary  of  the  state,  is  on  the  Big  Sandy  River, 
at  the  confluence  of  the  Tug  Fork  and  the  West  Fork.  It 
is  30  miles  S.  of  Ironton,  0.,  and  125  miles  E.  of  Lexington. 
It  contains  a  newspaper  office,  3  churches,  and  2  hotels. 
Steamboats  run  from  this  place  to  the  Ohio.     Pop.  834. 

Louisa,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Louisa  co.,  Va.,  is  on 
the  Chesapeake  A  Ohio  Railroad,  62  miles  N.W.  of  Rich- 
mond. It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  ofiice,  chemical- 
works,  saw-mills,  a  tannery,  Ac.     Pop.  about  600. 

Louisa  Fork,  Kentucky.    See  Sandy  River. 

Louisbnrg,  loo'is-burg,  a  fishing  village  and  suburb 
of  the  town  of  Wick,  Scotland,  co.  of  Caithness.    Pop.  1048. 

Louisburg,  Wiirtemberg.     See  Ludwigsburg. 

Louisburg,  loo'is-burg,  a  post-village  of  Miami  oo., 
Kansas,  in  Wea  township,  on  the  Osage  division  of  the  Mis- 
kuurl,  Kansas  A  Texas  Railroad,  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Paola, 
and  about  36  miles  S.E.  of  Lawrence.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  graded  school.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Louisburg,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  1441.     It  contains  Elk  City. 

Louisburg,  a  post-village  of  Dallas  oo..  Mo.,  35  miles 
W.  of  Lebanon.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Louisburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Franklin  oo., 
N.C.,  in  Louisburg  township,  on  the  Tar  River,  34  miles 
K.E.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  4  churches,  a  female  college,  a 
newspaper  ottico,  a  male  academy,  a  coach-factory,  and  a 
flour-mill.    Pop,  750  ;  of  the  township,  2542. 

Louisburg,  loo'is-burg,  a  seaport  of  Cape  Breton,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  S.E.  shore  of  the  island,  30  miles  by  rail  S.E. 
of  Sydney.  The  French  erected  a  fortress  here  at  an  ex- 
pense of  30,000,000  livres,  and  while  Louisburg  remained 
in  their  occupancy  it  exported  500,000  quintals  of  cod 
uinaally,  and  600  vessels  were  employed  in  its  trade  and 


fisheries.  After  it  was  taken  by  the  British,  in  1763,  th« 
British  government  demolished  the  fortifications;  since 
then  the  harbor  has  been  deserted  and  the  town  ia  almost 
in  ruins  ;  but  the  place  has  become  a  railway  terminus  and 
a  port  of  call  for  stuaniors.  A  number  of  fisheniion  only 
reside  here.  A  light-house  has  been  erected  on  the  K.  head. 
Louisburg  has  a  fine  harbor,  open  the  year  round. 

Louis'  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Manitowoc  oo., 
Wis.,  5  miles  from  Kiel. 

Louise,  loo-eez',  a  post-ofiico  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kantas. 

Louisiade  (loo-ce-te-&d')  Archipelago,  an  exten- 
sive group  of  islands  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  comprined  bo> 
tween  the  parallels  of  10°  40'  and  11°  40'  S.  lat.  and  ths 
meridians  of  151°  and  154°  30'  E.  Ion.  About  100  are  al- 
ready known.  They  appear  to  be  nearly  all  inhabited, 
although  some  of  them  but  thinly.  The  principal  iiilaads 
are  Rossol,  South-East  Island,  Piron,  Jounnut,  Pig,  St. 
Aignan,  Ac.  Mount  Rattlesnake  or  South-Ea«t  Island  it 
2689  fcot  high,  and  the  mountains  in  the  W.  portion  of  St. 
Aignan  attain  an  elevation  of  3279  feet. 

Louisiana,  loo-ec-zo-ah'na  (named  in  honor  of  Louis 
XIV.  of  France),  one  of  the  Gulf  States  of  the  American 
Union,  is  bounded  N.  by  Arkansas  and  Mississipjii,  E.  by 
Mississippi  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  S.  by  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  and  W.  by  Texas.  On  the  N.  it  is  limited  partly 
by  the  31st  and  partly  by  the  33d  degree  of  N.  lat.  The 
rivers  Mississippi  and  Pearl  wash  its  eastern  borders,  and 
on  the  W.  it  has  the  94th  degree  of  W.  Ion.  for  its  limit 
from  the  N.W.  angle  of  the  state  southward  to  the  river 
Sabine,  which  stream  is  thenceforth  its  western  boundary 
to  the  gulf.  Area,  48,720  square  miles,  of  which  45,420 
square  miles  are  laud,  and  3300  square  miles  water  sur- 
face. 

Face  of  the  Country. — It  is  stated  that  no  part  of  Loulsio 
ana  has  any  point  elevated  more  than  240  feet  above  sea- 
level.  In  the  central  and  northern  sections  of  the  state 
there  are  extensive  tracts  of  undulating  or  even  hilly  ground. 
Farther  southward  the  country  is  more  level,  with  extensive 
forests  and  swamps.  In  the  S.W.  there  are  wide  grassy 
prairies ;  and  near  the  coast  and  the  streams  these  jilains  in 
some  cases  assume  the  remarkable  character  of  prairia 
tremblautet,  or  "  trembling  prairies,"  which  quake  beneath 
the  traveller's  feet  and  are  believed  to  float  upon  the  sur- 
face of  subterranean  waters  or  upon  gulfs  of  thin  mud. 
The  great  delta  of  the  Mississippi  is  largely  made  up  of 
swamp-lands,  slightly  elevated  above  the  sea-level,  and  sub- 
ject to  occasional  overflow;  and  even  the  habitable  and 
cultivable  lands  would  be  to  a  great  extent  overwhelmed  by 
the  freshets  of  the  Mississipj)i  were  it  not  that  a  system  of 
dikes  or  levies  has  been  constructed  at  a  great  expense  for 
the  restraint  of  the  river  within  its  banks  ;  but  these  letle* 
are  liable  to  burst  at  high  water,  and  then  destructive  floods 
pour  through  the  crivaaae  and  sometimes  deluge  large  areas. 
The  marshy  portions  of  the  state  are  often  traversed  by 
hrxdia,  or  elevated  dry  ridges,  which  are  very  generally  in- 
habited. Most  of  those  bayous  which  formerly  flowed  out 
from  the  Mississippi  and  mode  the  southern  part  of  the 
state  a  true  delta  have  been  cut  off  from  their  connection 
with  the  parent  stream  by  the  levies.  The  Great  Pine  Belt 
enters  the  state  from  Southern  Mississippi,  and,  with  some 
interruptions,  extends  westward  across  Louisiana,  termi- 
nating in  Eastern  Texas.  On  the  W.  and  N.W.  of  the  allu- 
vial valley  of  the  Mississippi  extends  a  low  but  precipitous 
range  of  sandstone  hills. 

Geology. — More  than  half  of  the  state  is  of  post-tertiary 
or  re-cent  origin,  the  proper  delta  of  the  Mississippi  covering 
an  ever-enlarging  area  of  more  than  15,000  square  milci 
and  having  an  average  depth  of  some  1000  feet.  The  re- 
mainder of  the  state  is  mainly  tertiary,  but  at  a  few  points 
the  underlying  cretaceous  is  laid  bare  in  small  areas.  There 
are  also  local  evidences  of  former  volcttnic  action,  which  is 
shown  by  the  discovery  of  lava  and  metamorphic  stones, 
Ac.  A  large  bed  of  tolerably  pure  sulphur  exists  in  the 
S.W.  The  great  deposit  of  rock  salt  at  Petit  Anse  is  very 
interesting,  and  has  an  important  economic  value.  Iron 
ores,  ochre,  and  lignite  are  reported  to  exist  abundantly,  as 
well  as  gypsum  and  excellent  fertilizing  marls. 

Rivers,  <fcc. — The  state  has  a  copious  water-supply,  and 
the  number  of  rivers,  creeks,  bayous,  lakes,  and  sloughs  is 
very  large.  Steam  navigation  is  practicable  not  only  upon 
the  Mississippi  and  Red  Rivers,  but  also  upon  the  Atchafa- 
laya,  Ouachita,  Tfiche,  Sabine,  and  several  smaller  rivers 
and  bayous.  The  lakes  Pontchartrain  and  Borgno  afford 
steamboat  communication  with  Mobile  via  the  landlocked 
Mississippi  Sound.  The  internal  water  communication  ex- 
tends some  2500  miles.  There  are  required  in  this  state  for 
the  Mississippi  alone  no  less  than  780  miles  of  levies,  while 


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BCeording  to  high  authorities  the  interior  streams  and  bayous 
require  925  miles,  only  a  small  part  being  yet  completed. 

Ve(ietable  and  Animal  Life. — 'The  forests  are  rich  not 
only  in  value  and  extent,  but  also  in  the  number  of  species 
|of  native  trees.  Pines  and  oaks  of  several  kinds,  cypress, 
iblack  and  sweet  gum,  several  magnolias,  hickory,  cliicot, 
iibois  d'arc,  cotton  wood,  honey-,  yellow,  and  black  locust, 
jSeveral  elms,  ash,  planer,  and  numbers  of  other  useful  tim- 
;ber  trees  abound  in  almost  all  sections  of  the  state.  The 
(abundant  natiye  cane  is  utilized  as  a  material  for  paper- 
jmaking,  and  the  Tillandsia  or  "  Spanish  moss"  which  drapes 
the  forest  trees  affords  a  substitute  for  the  horsehair  em- 
iployed  by  upholsterers.  In  the  forests  are  still  found  the 
(black  bear,  panther,  lynx,  raccoon,  opossum,  deer,  and  other 
(game  animals.  Many  species  of  birds  make  this  state  their 
Iwintpr  home.  In  the  swamps  abound  venomous  and  other 
iserpents,  and  large  alligators  are  found,  especially  south- 
Iward.  Among  the  food-producing  animals  we  may  reckon 
inumerous  marine  and  fresh-water  fishes,  besides  the  abun- 
jdant  crustaceans  and  mollusks  of  the  coast  regions.  The 
torawflsh,  a  fresh-water  crustacean,  as  well  as  the  muskrat, 
Isometimes  proves  a  dangerous  enemy  of  the  planter,  since 
Sit  digs  long  burrows  in  the  levie»  and  thud  prepares  the 
[way  for  destructive  crSvasses. 

j  Agricultural  Resources. — The  exhaustless  fertility  of  the 
soil  of  a  very  large  portion  of  this  state  must  always  render 
jit  attractive  to  the  agriculturist.  This  is  the  only  state 
[where  the  culture  of  the  true  sugar-cane  has  proved  remu- 
jnerative  upon  a  largo  scale.  This  industry  is  still  profitably 
Iconducted,  although  the  climate  is  such  that  the  seed  of  the 
Iplant  never  ripens  here,  as  it  does  in  Florida,  llice-culture 
jhaa  been  considerably  extended  of  late,  and  it  is  believed 
jthat  nowhere  can  rice  be  produced  of  better  quality  or  sold 
Iwith  more  profit  to  the  producer.  At  present  the  culture 
!of  cotton  and  Indian  corn  is  a  leading  industrial  pursuit. 
(Cattle-breeding  is  another  important  interest,  and  the  state 
(affords  ample  pasturage  upon  its  broad  savannas ;  but  the 
ibreed  of  stock  is  generally  inferior.  Market-gardening  and 
^oriculturo  are  profitable  occupations  near  New  Orleans. 
j  Manufactures  are  not  as  yet  largely  developed.  Lumber 
and  forest  products  (including  naval  stores,  such  as  oil  of 
[turpentine,  rosin,  and  tar)  are  obtained  in  the  pine  woods. 
jCotton-seed  oil,  oil-cake,  and  the  oils  of  the  pindar,  gouber 
for  ground-nut,  and  castor-bean,  are  valuable   materials, 

Ebose  production  might  be  indefinitely  increased.  Consid- 
able  quantities  of  rum  and  whisky  are  made,  but  chiefly 
an  accessory  or  by-product  of  the  sugar-  and  molasses- 
Imanufacture,  which  is  at  present  the  principal  manufac- 
turing interest  of  the  state.  There  are  other  minor  manu- 
factures, carried  on  chiefly  at  New  Orleans. 
t  Commerce, — The  war  of  1861-65,  the  great  extension  of 
the  railroad  system  of  the  United  States,  and  the  shoaling- 
^p  of  the  mouths  of  the  Mississippi,  dealt  heavy  blows  to 
ihe  once  e.xtensive  commercial  industry  of  the  state.  The 
Mississippi  River,  the  great  natural  commercial  highway 
jfor  the  central  states  of  the  United  States,  once  brought 
flown  great  amounts  of  grain,  flour,  tobacco,  cotton,  sugar, 
Spirits,  coal,  timber,  hemp,  lead,  pork,  cattle,  hides,  wool, 
and  other  raw  materials,  which  are  now  very  generally  sent 
py  rail  to  the  Atlantic  ports.  But  the  recent  construction 
pf  jetties  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mississippi  has  already  deep- 
ened the  entrance  to  the  river,  and  it  is  believed  that  the 
restoration  of  political  quiet  and  the  settlement  of  the  new 
Industrial  problems  which  are  now  engaging  the  attention 
bf  the  Southern  people  will  in  a  great  measure  restore  the 
pommercial  prosperity  of  New  Orleans  and  of  the  state. 
j  Itaiiroads  have  not  been  constructed  in  Louisiana  on  a 
Bcale  of  such  magnitude  as  in  most  of  the  other  states,  be- 
cause her  rivers  have  all  along  furnished  ready  and  cheap 
Sommunication.  In  1846  there  were  40  miles  of  railroad ; 
in  1850,  80  miles;  in  1855,  203  miles;  in  1860,  335  miles; 
in  1870,  479  miles;  in  1890,  1750  miles,  built  at  a  cost  for 
works  of  about  $48,500  per  average  road-mile. 

Parishes. — Louisiana  is  divided  into  59  parishes,  corre- 
sponding to  the  counties  of  the  other  states,  viz.,  Acadia, 
fAscension,  Assumption,  Avoyelles,  Bienville,  Bossier,  Caddo, 
iCalcasieu,  Caldwell,  Cameron,  Catahoula,  Claiborne,  Con- 
fcordia,  De  Soto,  East  Baton  Rouge,  East  Carroll,  East  Fe- 
Jliciana,  Franklin,  Grant,  Iberia,  Iberville,  Jackson,  Jeffer- 
son, Lafayette,  La  Fourche,  Lincoln,  Livingston,  Madison, 
^lorehouse,  Natchitoches,  Orleans,  Ouachita,  Plaquemines, 
fPoint  Couple,  Rapides,  Red  River,  Richland,  Sabine,  St. 
flJernard,  St.  Charles,  St.  Helena,  St.  James,  St.  John  Bap- 
tist, St.  Landry,  St.  Martin's,  St.  Mary's,  St.  Tammany, 
p'angipahoa,  Tensas,  Terre  Bonne,  Union,  Vermilion,  Ver- 
non, Washington,  Webster,  West  Baton  Rouge,  West  Car- 
bll,  West  Feliciana,  Winn. 


Touins  and  Cities. — Of  these  the  principal  are  New  Or- 
leans, the  metropolis  of  the  Western  Gulf  States  (pop.  in 
1880,  including  Algiers,  Jefferson,  <tc.,  on  the  south  side  of 
the  Mississippi  River,  216,090;  in  1890,  242,039) ;  Shreve- 
port,  the  commercial  centre  of  Northwestern  Louisiana 
(pop.  in  1890,  11,979)  ;  Baton  Rouge,  the  state  capital  (pop. 
10,478).  Other  places  of  note  are  New  Iberia  (pop.  3447), 
Lake  Charles  (pop.  3442),  Gretna  (pop.  3332),  Monroe 
(pop.  3256),  Plaquemines  (pop.  3222),  Donaldsonville  (pop. 
3121),  Alexandria  (pop.  2861),  Morgan  City  (pop.  2291), 
McDonoughville  (pop.  2235),  Franklin  (pop.  2127),  La- 
fayette (pop.  2106),  Thibodeaux  (pop.  2078),  .fee.  The  old 
plantation  system  tended  to  disperse  the  population  widely, 
and  was  not  favorable  to  the  development  of  large  towns. 

Education  is  under  the  supervision  of  a  state  board  and 
a  state  superintendent,  with  local  and  district  school  boards, 
which  are  corporate  bodies.  Normal-school  instruction  is 
provided  at  the  state  normal  school  at  Natchitoches,  at  the 
New  Orleans  normal  school,  and  in  some  of  the  colleges  and 
private  schools.  Public  high  schools  are  sustained  in  the 
larger  towns.  New  Orleans  is  the  seat  of  five  institutions 
known  as  universities,  among  which  are  the  Tulane  Uni- 
versity, and  the  Southern  University  for  colored  students. 
The  state  university  and  agricultural  and  mechanical  col- 
lege is  at  Baton  Rouge.  TJiere  are  in  the  state  11  colleges 
of  the  liberal  arts,  with  a  number  of  professional  schools, 
and  thi-ee  colleges  for  women.  Until  quite  recently  the 
appropriations  have  been  inadequate  to  support  the  public 
schools  efficiently,  but  interest  in  free  education  is  in- 
creasing and  the  school  system  is  becoming  more  effective. 

Constitution,  dec. — The  jurisprudence  of  Louisiana  differs 
from  that  of  most  of  the  states,  in  being  based  upon  the 
Roman  or  civil  law,  instead  of  the  common  law  of  England. 

History. — Visited  by  La  Salle  in  1691  and  unsuccessfully 
colonized  in  1699  by  Iberville,  Louisiana  was  granted  in 
1712  to  one  Crozat,  and  in  1717  was  purchased  by  the 
Mississippi  Company,  of  which  John  Law  was  president. 
In  1717  New  Orleans  was  founded.  Louisiana  next  be- 
came a  crown  possession  of  Franco;  was  transferred  to 
Spain  in  1762 ;  was  retroceded  to  France  in  1800,  and  in 
1803  the  whole  province  of  Louisiana  was  purchased  by 
President  Jefferson  for  the  United  States  for  the  sum  of 
$11,250,000.  This  purchase  included  all  the  present  ter- 
ritory of  the  United  States  W.  of  the  Mississippi  River,  ex- 
clusive of  Texas  and  the  areas  acquired  from  Mexico  sinca 
1847,  but  did  not  include  that  part  of  the  present  state  of 
Louisiana  which  has  the  Pearl  River  on  the  E.,  the  Mis- 
sissippi River  on  the  W.,  and  the  rivers  Iberville  and  Amite 
and  Lakes  Maurepas  and  Pontchartrain  on  the  S. ;  for  this 
tract  was  a  portion  of  the  Spanish  province  of  West  Florida, 
and,  although  it  was  ceded  by  act  of  Congress  in  1812  to 
Louisiana,  it  was  never  definitely  United  States  territory 
until  after  the  Florida  purchase  of  1819.  In  1804  the  Ter- 
ritory of  Orleans  was  constituted,  with  nearly  the  present 
limits  of  the  state,  and  in  1812  the  state  was  admitted  to 
the  Union.  In  1815  the  invading  British  army  was  totally 
defeated  at  Chalmette  by  the  troops  of  General  Jackson.  A 
prominent  event  in  the  history  of  Louisiana  was  the  revision 
of  the  criminal  code  of  the  state  by  Edward  Livingston  and 
others  (1821).  The  state  was  exceedingly  prosperous  under 
the  slave-system,  and  attained  great  wealth ;  it  seceded  in 
1861  by  ordinance  of  a  state  convention,  and  was  the  scene 
of  active  and  important  operations  during  the  war  of 
1861-65.  Since  the  war  the  material  progress  of  Louisiana 
has  been  much  impeded  by  party  strife  and  by  acts  of  vio- 
lence and  misrule. 

Population. — Colonized  chiefly  by  the  French,  and  in  later 
times  by  the  Spanish,  there  still  remain  thousands  of  de- 
scendants of  the  original  colonists,  and  the  French  lan- 
guage is  habitually  spoken  by  many  of  the  people.  The 
inhabitants  of  French  descent,  called  Creoles  (which  term 
in  this  state  does  not  imply  any  admixture  of  African  or 
Indian  blood),  still  constitute  a  large  and  respectable  class 
of  the  people  of  Louisiana.  Pop.  in  1810,  70,556  ;  in  1820, 
153,407;  in  1830,  215,739;  in  1840,  352,411;  in  1850, 
617,762;  in  1860,  708,002,  including  326,726  slaves  and 
18,527  free  colored  people;  in  1870,  726,915;  in  1880, 
939,946;  in  1890,  1,118,587. 

Liouisiana,  a  city  of  Pike  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Missis- 
sippi River,  about  27  miles  below  Hannibal,  and  114  miles 
above  St.  Louis.  By  railroad  it  is  101  miles  N.E.  of  Jef- 
ferson City,  and  25  miles  S.  of  Hannibal.  It  is  on  the 
Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  the  trains  of  which  here  cross 
the  river  on  a  magnificent  new  iron  bridge,  and  is  the  S. 
terminus  of  the  St.  Louis,  Keokuk  &  Northwestern  Rail- 
road, and  the  E.  terminus  of  the  Louisiana  &  Missouri 
River  Railroad.    It  contains  11  churches,  2  banks,  a  biglk 


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T808 


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lohool,  2  newspaper  ofSoM,  a  Bapti«t  collej^e,  3  stoara  flour- 
fa>g-mtll»,  4  tobaoeo-ftietories,  sovorut  inaohina-shups,  4  plan- 
ing-mills,  ltin)b«r-inilli,  giu-works,  and  2  stove-foundrios. 
Largo  aimntitiot)  of  tubuoou,  wheat,  pork,  &c.,  are  shipped 
kars.  This  town  is  the  seat  of  Pardeo  College.  Pop.  in 
1870,  8A3U;  in  I8SU,  4:i25 ;  in  18U0,  5UU(). 

liOuiS'Philippe  (loo'ee'-fllV-ep')  Land,  the  N.  por- 
tion of  a  truot  of  land  in  the  Antarctic  Ocean,  off  South 
Shetland,  about  lat.  Gli"  30'  S.,  Ion.  67°  W.  It  is  crowned 
with  iniiuonse  peaks  covered  bj  continual  snows. 

Louisville^  loo'e-vll  or  loo'is-vll,  a  post-village  of 
Bnrbour  co.,  Ala.,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Clayton,  and  about  70 
miles  6.E.  of  Montgomery.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high 
school,  a  tannery,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Louisville,  a  post-villnge  of  lioulder  co.,  Col.,  on  the 
Colorado  Central  Railroad,  10  miles  8.E,  of  Boulder.  It 
has  soyeral  stores  and  a  rich  mine  of  coal.     Pop.  600. 

Louisville,  a  post- village,  cnpital  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ga., 
on  Rocky  Comfort  Creek,  near  the  Ogoechee  River,  about 
60  miles  S.S.W.  of  Augusta.  It  was  the  cai)ital  of  the 
state  from  1795  to  1804.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  3  high 
school.^,  and  H  churches.  Pop.  in  1880,  675;  in  18'.»0,  836. 
Louisville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clay  oo.,  111.,  in 
Louisville  township,  on  Little  Wabash  River,  and  on  the 
Spring6eld  division  of  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  TOO 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Springfield,  and  6  miles  N.  of  Flora.  It 
has  3  cliurohcs,  a  new.sj)aper  office,  a  savings-bank,  and  a 
high  school.     Pop.  637;  of  the  township,  1605. 

Louisville,  a  post-office  of  Audubon  co.,  Iowa,  about 
70  miles  W.  of  Des  Moines. 

Louisville,  a  post-village  of  Pottawatomie  co.,  Kansas, 
in  Louisville  township,  on  Rock  Creek,  about  3  miles  N.  of 
Wamego,  and  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Topeka.  It  has  a  news- 
paper office,  a  church,  a  flouring-niill,  and  a  large  brick 
school-house.     Pop.  in  1890,  382  ;  of  the  township,  980. 

Louisville,  the  county  seat  of  Jefferson  co.,  and  prin- 
cipal city  of  Kentucky,  was  founded  in  the  year  1778,  and 
incorporated  as  a  city  in  1828.  It  is  beautifully  situated 
at  the  falls  of  the  Ohio  River,  400  miles  from  its  mouth, 
and  130  miles  below  Cincinnati.  Lat.  38°  3'  N. ;  Ion.  85° 
80'  W.  The  town  is  built  on  a  plateau  about  70  feet  above 
the  river  at  an  ordinary  stage  of  water,  and  about  25  feet 
above  the  highest  flood-mark.  It  has  8  miles  of  river  front 
suitable  for  wharf  purposes,  and  the  even  surface  extending 
southward  from  the  river  affords  the  most  ample  space  for 
the  growth  of  the  city  in  that  direction.  Two  fine  bridges, 
nearly  a  mile  in  length,  connect  the  city  with  New  Albany 
and  Jefforsonville,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  river,  in  the 
state  of  Indiana.  The  streets  are  laid  out  by  the  meridian, 
cross  one  another  at  right  angles,  and  are  over  5U0  in  num- 
ber, 60  to  120  feet  wide,  covering  H  tract  of  35  square  miles. 
They  are  well  sewered,  and  form  about  1900  squares.  Here 
are  about  40,000  bouses.  Electric  street-cars  are  run  on 
the  principal  streets,  connecting  the  suburbs  with  the  cen- 
tral and  business  portion  of  the  city.  The  most  conspicu- 
ous of  the  public  buildings  is  the  new  custom-house,  which 
cost  $2,600,000.  Other  prominent  buildings  are  the  city 
hall  and  court-house,  the  First  and  Second  Presbyterian 
churches,  the  Catholic  cathedral,  St.  Paul's  E|>iscopal 
church,  the  Broadway  Tabernacle,  the  Broadway  Baptist 
church,  Ac.  The  city  has  great  educational  advantages, 
having  39  public  school  buildings,  erected  at  a  cost  of  nearly 
$2,000,000;  the  Kentucky  College  for  ladies,  6  medical  col- 
leges, 4  other  colleges,  and  many  private  schools.  The  free 
school  system  is  sustained.  Louisville  has  150  churches, 
3  synagogues,  a  United  States  marine  hospital,  several 
other  ho.«pital»,  12  orphan  asylums,  14  market-houses,  28 
banks,  the  clearings  of  which  show  $390,754,598  for  one 
year.  Of  the  53  newspapers  published  here,  8  ore  political 
dailies.  It  is  the  see  of  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop.  The 
facilities  for  transportation  are  extensive  and  of  great  im- 
portiince  to  the  city,  and,  being  a  port  of  entry,  goods  are 
received  direct  from  foreign  countries.  Besides  the  Ohio 
River,  which  is  usually  open  for  navigation  during  the 
entire  year,  there  are  6  important  lines  of  ruilro.ad  ter- 
minating at  this  point.  Among  these  are  the  Louisville  & 
Great  Southern,  the  Jeffersonville,  Madison  <%  Indinnapolis, 
and  the  Louisville  Branch  of  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi.  The 
city  has  an  extensive  trade  with  the  South  and  the  South- 
west. The  commerce  exceeds  in  value  $150,000,000  per 
annum,  of  which  the  trade  in  tobacco  amounts  to  153,000 
hogsheads,  of  an  aggregate  value  of  $15,000,000  in  one 
year.  Here  are  18  laVge  warehouses,  15  rehandling  es- 
tablishments, 16  manufactories  of  chewing  and  smoking 
tobacco,  and  85  cigar-factories.  Besides,  tobacco,  pork, 
and  flour  are  extensively  exported.  The  foreign  importa- 
tions for  one  year  amounted  to  $488,897,  with  a  duty  of 


$335,622,  while  the  total  internal  revenue  oolleotions  war* 
$10,932,593. 

Though  I^uisviile  may  be  said  to  be  a  commercial  city, 
its  manufactures  are  extensive.     Among  the  prinoipal  .   ' 
tablishnionts  are  its  iron-foundries,  taniivrii-s,  and  iilou 
and  furniture-factories.     The  manufacture  of  water-  hi,, 
gas-pipes  is  more  extensive  than  in  any  other  city  W.  of 
Pennsylvania.     Chicago,  St.  Louis,  and  other  Westom  nml 
Southern  towns  are  supplied  by  the  Louii<viIle  foiinilii. 
Large  quantities  of  excellent  ploughs  arc  made  here,  :. 
the  sole-leather   manufactured  in   Louisville  has  a  w 
reputation.     Its  manufacturing  establishnicnti),  some  i:' 
in  number,  give  employment  to  29,(100  hands,  and  Imvc 
invested  cj\|)itnl  of  $45,000,000,  with  an  aggregate  yenriv 
product  of  5^85,000,000.     Among  these  establishnif  ntx  mny 
be  found  some  of  the  largest  in  the  country  and  in  the 
world,   a   wagon-factory    (a   corporation    witli   $1,000,000 
paid  uj)  cnpital)  being  located  here,  as  well  as  a  hickory- 
handle  factory,  22  tanneries,  plough-factories,  furniture- 
factories,  a  spoke-factory,  and  other  wootl-working  estab- 
lishments.    Louisville  is  the  greatest  whiskey  mart  in  tlm 
world.      The  published  receipts  of  the  collector  for  this 
revenue  district  amount,  for  the  tax  on  whiskey,  to  from 
$20,000  to  $35,000  per  day.    Pop.  in  1860,  68,033;  in  1870, 
100,753;  in  1880,  123,758;  in  1890,  161,129. 

Louisville,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Md. 

Louisville,  a  i>ost-villagc,  capital  of  Winston  co.,  Miss., 
about  46  miles  W.S.W.  of  Columbus,  nnd  95  miles  N.E.  of 
Jackson.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  newspaper  office,  and  4 
churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  484. 

Louisville,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  oo..  Mo.,  abont 
22  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Louisiana.  It  has  several  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  furniture  and  farming-implements. 

Louisville,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  Neb.,  on  the 8. 
bank  of  the  Platte  River,  1 8  miles  by  rail  AV.  of  Plattsmouth. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  machine-shop,  a  pottery,  and  a  flonr- 
mill.     Kaolin  is  found  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  686. 

Louisville,  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.    See  Morris. 

Louisville,  or  MilMerville,  a  post-village  in  Louis* 
ville  township,  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  on  (Jrass  River, 
10  miles  N.  of  Norwood.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  saw-mill,  &c.  The  township  is  bounded  N.  by  tb* 
St.  Lawrence  River,  and  has  a  pop.  of  2039. 

Louisville,  Licking  co.,  0.    See  Saint  LotiisviLLB. 

Louisville,  a  post-village  in  Nimishillen  township, 
Stark  CO.,  0.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago  Rail- 
road, about  7  miles  N.E.  of  Canton.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
Catholic  academy,  a  woollen-mill,  an  oil-mill,  and  a  grist> 
mill.     Pop.  about  1400. 

Louisville,  a  post-village  of  Blount  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Holston  River,  25  miles  below  Knoxville.  It  has  3  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  carriages,  flour,  and  furniture.  Much 
grain  is  shipped  here  in  steamboats. 

Louisville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dunn  co.,  Wis.,  abont  S 
miles  W.  of  the  Chippewa  River,  and  10  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Menomonee.     It  has  a  church. 

Louisville,  Kent  oo.,  Ontario.    See  Lewisville. 

Louisville  Landing,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  St.  Lawrence  River,  about  30  miles  below 
Ogdensburg.  The  steamboats  that  navigate  the  river  touch 
here.     It  has  a  church. 

Loni-Tchon,  or  Loui-Tcheou.    See  LooEE-Cnoo. 

Loukh,  or  Louka,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Lookh. 

Lou-Kiang,  a  town  of  China.     See  Loo-Kiano. 

Lou-Kiang,  a  river  of  Thibet.    See  Loo-Kiano. 

Lonkianow,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Lookianov. 

Louknoui,  Cochin  China.    See  Saigon. 

Louie,  loo'li  or  Id'li,  a  fortified  town  of  Portugal,  in 
Algarvc,  8  miles  N.  of  Faro,  with  12,146  inhabitants,  an 
old  castle,  several  convents,  and  a  rich  hospital. 

Loun,  a  town  of  Bulgaria.    See  Lou. 

Lou-na-Chan,  China.    See  Loo-na-Srax. 

Lou-Ngan,  a  town  of  China.    See  Loo-Noan. 

Loup  (loop)  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Sherman 
CO.,  Neb.,  on  the  Middle  Loup  River,  about  42  miles  N.  of 
Kearney.     It  has  a  newspaper  office. 

Loup  Creek,  West  Virginia.    See  Loop  Creek. 

Loup  Fork,  or  Pawnee  Loup  Fork,  of  the  Plstts 
River,  rises  in  Nebraska,  about  lat.  42°  13'  N.,  among  tho 
Great  Sand  Hills,  runs  first  nearly  southeastward  through 
the  arid  treeless  plain  of  Central  Nebraska,  and  subse- 
quently flows  nearly  eastward  through  Howard  and  Plutt 
COS.,  and  enters  the  Platte  River  in  Platte  co.,  about  5  miles 
S.E.  of  Columbus.  Its  length  is  estimated  at  300  miles. 
The  volume  of  water  is  small  in  proportion  to  the  length- 
It  has  a  branch  or  affluent  called  North  Loup ;  and  the  main 
stream  is  often  oalltd  Middle  Loup. 


LOU 


1699 


LOV 


I  liOup  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Howard  co.,  Neb. 

Louqsor,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Luxon. 
j  Lourches,  looiish,  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  17  miles 
jy  rail  N.N.E.  of  Cambrai.     It  has  coal-mines  and  glasa- 
^ork8.     Pop.  3590. 

!  Lourdes,  looRd  (ane.  Lor'def  Lapurdum?),a,  town  of 
?rance,  in  Ilautcs- Pyrenees,  6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Argeles,  on 
be  Gave  de  Pau.  It  stands  at  the  foot  of  an  almost  in- 
jccessible  rock,  and  is  commanded  by  a  strong  castle,  now 
:sod  as  a  prison.     This  place  was  fortified  by  Julius  Caesar, 

fd  has  extensive  lloman  remains  and  marble-quarries, 
is  a  noted  place  of  pilgrimage.     Pop.  4577. 
j  Lourdoueix  Saint-Michel,  loon^doo-i'  s&N«-mee^- 
aiV,  a,  village  of  France,  in  Indre,  15  miles  S.W.  of  La 
Ihatre.     Pop.  1190. 

'  Lourdoueix  Saint-Pierre,  looRMoo-i'  s4s"-pe-ain', 
jvillage  of  France,  in  Crease,  17  miles  N.  of  Queret.  P.  173. 
I  Lourenzo  Marqnez,  loo-rfin'zo  man-kds',  a  walled 
iortugucse  town  of  Africa,  on  the  N.  side  of  Delagoa  Bay, 
lith  decayed  forts.  Its  good  harbor  gives  it  considerable 
uportanee  in  the  trade  with  the  Transvaal,  but  it  is  sickly 
|Dd  ill  built.     Pop.  2600. 

1  Lourical,  loo-ree-kil',  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  18 
files  S.S.W.  of  Coimbra.     Pop.  5174. 

liOurinhuo,  loo-reen-y6wN»',  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
istremadiwa,  10  miles  N.  of  Torres-Vedras.     Pop.  3287. 
i  Louristan,  a  province  of  Persia.    See  Looristan. 
i  Lou'riston,  a  post-office  of  Chippewa  co.,  Minn. 
I  Lous,  a  province  of  Beloochistan.     See  Loos. 
j  liOUth,  lowTH,  a  county  of  Ireland,  Leinster,  having  on 
ne  E.  the  Irish  Sea.    Area,  315  square  miles.    The  N.  part 
f  the  county  forms  the  mountainous  peninsula  of  Carling- 
Ord.     Louth  co.  is  divided  into  4  baronies.     Chief  towns, 
•rogheda,  Dundalk,  and  Ardee.     It  sends  four  members  to 
ie  House  of  Commons,  two  being  for  the  county.     Pop., 
jcluding  Drogheda  (1891),  70,852. 

I  Louth,  a  decayed  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Louth,  5^^ 
iiles  S.W.  of  Dundalk.     Pop.  358. 

'  Louth,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lincoln,  in  the  fertile 
|llloy  of  the  Lud,  at  the  E.  extremity  of  the  Wolds,  15 
iles  by  rail  S.  of  Grimsby.  It  has  several  churches,  one 
'  which  is  a  fine  old  structure  with  an  elegant  spire,  a 
ee  grammar-school  and  various  other  endowed  schools,  a 
vings-bank,  a  dispensary,  and  other  charities.  Carpets, 
prsted,  soap,  oil-cake,  blankets,  leather,  paper,  castings, 
ltd  ale  are  manufactured  to  a  great  extent.  A  canal,  com- 
municating with  the  Ilumber,  enables  a  considerable  trade 
'  bo  carried  on  in  corn  and  wool.  Pop,  10,500. 
ILoutre,  loot'r,  a  township  of  Audrain  co..  Mo.  Pop. 
J03.     It  contains  Martinsburg.  ' 

'Loutre,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co..  Mo.  Pop.  1835. 
Loutre  Island,  a  post-office  and  island  of  Montgomery 
;.,  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Loutre 
tver,  about  66  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis. 
'Loutre  (or  Otter)  River,  of  Missouri,  flows  through 
lontgomery  co.,  and  falls  into  the  Missouri  River  at  Loutre 
land.  It  affords  motive  power  for  mills. 
|Loutsk,  a  town  of  Russia.  See  Lootsk. 
Loutzin,  a  town  of  Russia.  See  Lvootsik. 
iLouvain,  loo-vine'  (Fr.  pron.  looVitj"' ;  Flemish,  Leti- 
k  lo'v^n  or  luh'v^n ;  Ger.  Lowen,  lo'v^§n),  a  city  of  Bel- 
um,  in  Brabant,  at  a  railway  junction,  15  miles  E,  by  N. 
(Brussels.  Its  old  ramparts  have  been  levelled  and  turned 
jto  a  circular  promenade  7  miles  in  extent.  Many  of  the 
iblic  buildings  are  deserving  of  notice.  Of  these,  the 
incipal  are  the  IlStel  de  Ville,  one  of  the  most  beautiful 
iithic  buildings  in  the  world;  the  collegiate  church  of  St. 
(iter,  an  edifice  of  vast  extent  and  rich  in  works  of  art; 
JB  churches  of  St.  Gertrude,  St.  James,  St.  Quentin,  and 
|)tre  Dame,  all  elegant  and  noble  structures ;  the  Pope's 
tllege,  the  penitentiary,  and  the  Salle  de  Frascati.  Lou- 
lin  possesses  a  university,  the  largest  in  Belgium,  with 
lools  of  divinity  and  engineering,  and  with  20  subordi- 
|te  colleges ;  also  an  academy  of  tine  arts,  botanical  gar- 
||h,  anatomical  hall,  cabinet  of  natural  philosophy,  chem- 
jry,  and  natural  history ;  a  collection  of  pictures,  several 
'i  them  first-rate ;  numerous  private  and  free  schools,  and 
I'eral  hospitals  and  benevolent  institutions.  In  the  four- 
[snth  century  Louvain  was  one  of  the  most  important 
finufacturing  towns,  and  in  broadcloths  alone  employed 
lout  15,000  workmen.  A  few  woollens  are  still  made, 
|o  hosiery,  hats,  ribbons,  soap,  oil,  dye-stuffs,  lace,  twist, 
|i8sware,  spirits,  candles,  leather,  glue,  earthenware,  <fcc. ; 
|t  by  far  the  most  important  manufacture  at  present  is 
wr.    For  trade  the  town  is  well  situated,  having  ample 

nmunication  both  by  railway  and  canal.     Pop.  34,440. 
Louve,  a  river  of  France.    See  Loue. 


LonTeciennes,  loov'se-finn',  a  village  of  France,  'm 
Seine-et-Oise,  4  miles  N.  of  Versailles.     Pop.  1946. 

Louvegnez,  or  Louveigu6,  looVin'yi',  a  villagt 
of  Belgium,  province  and  12  miles  S.E.  of  Liege. 

Louven,  lo-oo'v5n,  a  river  of  Norway,  stift  of  Chris- 
tiania,  after  a  S.S.E.  course  of  100  miles,  enters  the  Skager- 
Rack  near  Laurvig.     It  traverses  several  lakes. 

Louviers,  looSe-A',  formerly  Loviers,  lo*ve-l'  (anc, 
Lnpariie  t),  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Eure,  and  on 
both  sides  of  the  river  Eure,  at  a  railway  junction,  17  milea 
S.  of  Rouen.  It  has  an  interesting  mediaeval  church,  courts 
of  first  resort  and  commerce,  and  a  consulting  chamber  of 
manufactures.  Louviers  is  one  of  the  chief  seats  of  French 
woollen-manufacture,  and  its  fine  woollen  cloth  is  considered 
the  best  in  the  republic.  It  has  also  several  worsted-mills, 
tanneries,  bleach-fields,  dye-works,  and  factories  for  ma- 
chinery and  steam-engines.  The  chief  trade  is  in  broad- 
cloth.    Pop.  10,097. 

Louvign6  du  Desert,  looVeen'yi' dil  di'zaiR',  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  in  Ille-et-Vilaine,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Fou» 
geres.     Pop.  950. 

Louvign^  en  Bais,  looVeen'yA'  An*  bA,  a  village  of 
France,  in  Ille-et-Vilaine,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Vitre.  Pop.  1482. 

Louza,  loo'zi,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  12  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Coimbra,  at  the  foot  of  Mt.  Louza.     Pop.  4532. 

Louza,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  LoozA. 

Lovano,  the  Italian  name  of  Loano. 

Lovas  Bereny,  lo'vosh'  biVaifi',  a  town  of  nungar/, 
CO.  and  9  miles  N.E.  of  Stuhlweissenburg.     Pop.  3790. 

Lo^vass',  a  post-office  of  Vernon  co.,  Wis. 

Lovat,  or  Lobat,  lo-v8,t',  a  river  of  Russia,  govern- 
ments of  Vitebsk  and  Novgorod,  enters  Lake  Ilmen  22 
miles  S.  of  Novgorod,  after  a  N.  course  of  175  miler.  It 
receives  the  Koonia  at  Kholm.  The  Lovat  <fc  DUna  Canal, 
which  unites  those  rivers,  forms  a  part  of  the  communica- 
tion between  Lake  Ladoga  and  the  Gulf  of  Riga. 

Lovatz,  a  town  of  Bulgaria.  See  Loptscha. 

Love,  luv,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  A/k.,  is 
near  the  famous  Crystal  Mountain. 

Lovejoy,  IQv'joy,  a  station  of  Bureau  co.,  111.,  on  th« 
Chicago,  Burlington  ifc  Quincy  Railroad,  10  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Princeton. 

Lovejoy,  a  township  of  Iroquois  co.,  111.  Pop.  240. 
It  contains  Wellington. 

Lovejoy's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Clayton  co.,  Oa., 
on  the  Macon  <fc  Western  Railroad,  29  miles  S.  of  Atlanta. 

Lovelace,  ItLv'laco,  a  post-village  of  Troup  co.,  Ga.,  S 
miles  from  La  Grange.  It  has  2  ohurchos  and  a  ghoe-fao* 
tory.     Pop.  about  200. 

Lovelace,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C.,  in  Love- 
lace township,  about  15  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Wilkesborough. 

Lovelaccville,  a  post-village  of  Ballard  co.,  Ky.,  on 
Mayfield  Creek,  about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Paduoah,  It  has 
2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  250. 

Lovelady,  liiv'la.-de,  a  township  of  Burke  oo.,  N.O. 
Pop.  697. 

Lovelady,  a  post-bamlet  of  Caldwell  co.,  N.C.,  about  60 
miles  N.W.  of  Charlotte.     It  has  2  churches. 

Lovelady,  a  post-village  of  Houston  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
International  &  Northern  Railroad,  99  milos  N.  of  Houston. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  free  school. 

Love  Lake  City,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Macon 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Northern  division  of  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas 
City  &  Northern  Railroad,  15  miles  N.  of  Macon.  It  has  a 
church.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Loveland,  luv'land,  formerly  Big  Thomp'son,  a 
post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Larimer  co..  Col.,  on  Big 
Thompson  Creek,  and  on  the  Colorado  Central  Railroad,  69 
miles  N.  of  Denver.     It  has  2  hotels.     Pop.  in  1890,  698. 

Loveland,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rockford  township,  Potta- 
wattamie CO.,  Iowa,  on  Boyer  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  & 
Northwestern  Railroad,  about  15  miles  N.  of  Council  Bluffs. 
It  has  a  church. 

Loveland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bladen  co.,  N.C.,  on  Cape 
Fear  River,  16  miles  below  Fayetteville.     It  has  a  church. 

Loveland,  a  post-village  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  on  Little 
Miami  River,  and  on  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad 
whore  it  crosses  the  Little  Miami  Railroad,  23  miles  N.E.  of 
Cincinnati.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  grist-mill, 
a  saw-mill,  and  a  planing-mill.  The  village  is  partly  in 
Hamilton  co.,  and  is  surrounded  by  beautiful  landscapes, 
hills,  forests,  and  orchards.     Pop.  in  1890,  761. 

Loveland  Station,  a  post-hamlet  in  Green  township, 
Mahoning  co.,  0.,  on  the  Niles  &  New  Lisbon  Railroad,  a 
branch  of  the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad,  a  few 
miles  S.  of  Canfield. 

LoveH,  luv'^l,  a  post- village  in  Lorril  township,  Oxford* 


LOV 


1700 


LOW 


«r».,  Me.,  on  Keiar  Pond,  about  62  mllea  N.N  W.  of  Portland. 
It  has  3  ehorohos  and  a  apool-faotory.  Pup.  of  the  town- 
■hip,  1018. 

Iiovellf  a  township  of  Muakogon  oo.,  Mich.    Pop.  167. 

LovelU  Michigan.    Soo  Fruiti>ort. 

ItOVelPSf  a  po8t-villago  of  Kanawha  oo.,  W.  Va.,  on  tho 
Great  Kanawha  Hi ver,  and  on  the  Chesapeake  <k  Ohio  Hail- 
road,  nt  Faint  Creek  Station,  21  miles  8.E.  of  Charleston. 
It  has  a  ohurch  and  mines  of  coal.     See  also  Paint  Crbkk. 

Lovell'8  Station*  a  post-hamlot  of  Erie  cc,  I'a.,  on 
the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western  llailroad  and  the  Philadel- 
phia A  Erie  Railroad,  3  milea  W.  of  Corr/.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  lumber-mill.  ' 

Liovelockf  lav'luk,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Butte  co.,  Cal. 

Lovelock's,  a  post-hamlct  of  Humboldt  oo.,  Ner.,  on 
the  Central  Paciflo  Railroad,  in  a  fertile  valley,  97  milos 
N.E.  of  Reno.    It  is  near  the  Humboldt  River. 

Loveltoii)  liiv-^l-t^n,  a  post-haralct  of  Wyoming  co.. 
Pa.,  about  33  miles  W.N.W.  of  Scranton.  It  has  a  grist- 
mill and  a  saw-mill. 

Lovely  Dale,  Knos  co.,  Ind.    See  Monroe  City. 

Lovely  Mount,  Virginia.    Soo  Central  Depot. 

Lovendc(;hcin,  lo-vdu'd^h-ndm^  a  village  of  Bel- 
gium, in  Eaat  Flanders,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Ghent.  Pop.  4000, 
extensively  employed  in  linen-weaving. 

L6venich,  lii'v^n-iK',  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  21 
milos  N.N.E.  of  Aix-la-Chapello.     Pop.  2767. 

Lovere,  lo-vi'ri,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  21  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Bergamo,  on  Lake  Iseo.     Pop.  2838. 

Lovernsville,  liiv'ernz-vil,  a  hamlet  of  Winston  oo., 
Miss.,  20  miles  from  Shuqualak. 

Lover's  Leap.    See  Cape  Ddcato. 

Love's  Lake,  a  pust-ofiice  of  Red  River  parish,  La. 

Love's  Level,  a  i)ost-office  of  Union  co.,  N.C. 

Love's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Va. 

Love's  Station,  a  post-office  of  De  Soto  co.,  Miss., 
on  the  Mississippi  &  Tennessee  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Her- 
nando. 

Lovett,  ISv'et,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jennings  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad  (Louisville  Branch),  47 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Jeffersonville.  It  has  a  carriage-shop 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Lovett's,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co.,  0.,  about  32  miles 
6.W.  of  Chillicothe. 

Lovettsville,  IQv'ets-vIl,  a  post-village  of  Loudoun  co., 
Va.,  about  15  miles  S.W.  of  Frederick  City,  Md.,  and  2 
miles  S.  of  the  Potomac  River.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
graded  school.     Pop.  155. 

Loveville,  liiv'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Centre  co.,  Pa., 
about  25  miles  N.E.  of  Altoona. 

Loviers,  a  town  of  France.    See  Louviers. 

Lovil'ia,  or  Lovil'la,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co., 
Iowa,  in  Union  township,  on  the  railroad  between  Albia 
and  Knoxville,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Albia.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  about  300. 

Lovil'la,  a  hamlet  of  Hamilton  co..  111.,  near  the  St. 
Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  about  20  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Mt.  Vernon. 

Loving  (IBv'ing)  Creek,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Bedford  CO.,  Va. 

Lovingston,  liiv'ingz-tpn,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Nelson  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  30  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Lynchburg.  It  has  1  or  2  churches,  an  acad- 
emy, a  newspaper  office,  a  court-house  (planned  by  Thomas 
Jefferson),  and  2  hotels.  It  is  situated  in  a  cove  of  the 
mountains.     Pop.  about  300. 

Lovington,  liiv'ing-tpn,  a  post-village  in  Lovington 
township,  Moultrie  co..  III.,  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Padueah 
Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Illinois  Midland  Railroad, 
21  miles  E.S.E.  of  Decatur,  and  87  miles  S.  of  Pontiac.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  steam 
flouring-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  767 ;  of  the  township,  2245. 

Lovisa,  a  town  of  Finland.    See  Lowisa. 

Lovtcha,  a  town  of  Bulgaria.     See  Loftscha. 

Low,  a  post-village  in  Ottawa  co.,  Quebec,  38  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Ottawa.     It  contains  a  store.     Pop.  100. 

Low  Archipelago  (ar-ko-pil'a-go),  an  extensive 
series  of  islands,  in  number  from  80  to  90,  in  the  Pacifio 
Ocean,  lat.  20°  S.,  Ion.  140°  W.,  E.  of  the  Society  Islands, 
and  S.  of  the  Marquesas,  and  comprising  numerous  groups, 
from  Clermont-Tonnerre  to  Krusenstcrn  Island.  They  are 
mostly  under  French  protection.     Pop.  9000. 

Lowbanks,  lo'banks,  a  post-village  in  Monck  co.,  On- 
tario, on  Lake  Erie,  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cayuga.    Pop.  140. 

Low  Countries.    See  Netherlands. 

Lowdeah,  or  Loudeah.    See  Al  Sibkah. 

Lowd'en,  or  Loud'on,  a  post-village  in  Springfield 
townshin.  Cedar  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern 


Railroad,  40  miles  AV.  of  Clinton,  and  16  miles  N.E.  of 
Tipton.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school  and  2 
hotels.     Pop.  439. 

Lowd'cn's  Uanch,  a  post-office  of  Trinity  co.,  Cal. 

Lowd'er,  a  post-office  of  Sangamon  oo.,  HI.,  on  tb« 
Jacksonville,  Northwestern  A  Southeutern  Railroad  6 
miles  N.W.  of  Virdcn  Junction.  ' 

Lowd'liam,  a  village  and  parish  of  England,  co.  and 
7i  miles  N.E.  of  Nottinijham.     Pop.  1317. 

Lowe,  10,  a  township  of  Moultrie  co.,  III.     Pop.  ygj, 

Lowe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chautauqua  co.,  Kansaa,  4$ 
miles  W.  of  Independence. 

Lowell,  lo'el,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Ga.,  S^milei 
S.  of  Carrollton.    It  has  a  church,  grist-mill,  and  saw-mill. 

Lowell,  a  post-villiige  of  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  on  Cednr 
Creek,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Crown  Point,  and  about  44  milea 
S.  by  EL  of  Chicago.  It  bus  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded 
school,  4  churches,  <tc.     Pop.  in  1890,  761. 

Lowell,  a  post-viilnge  in  Baltimore  town.ship,  Henry 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Skunk  River,  18  miles  W.  of  liurlington. 
It  has  a  church,  2  flouring-uiills,  and  a  sandstone-quarry. 

Lowell,  a  post-village  in  Lowell  township,  Cherokee 
CO.,  Kansas,  on  Spring  River,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Uaxter 
Springs.     It  has  2  tlouring-mills.     Pop.  of  township,  2594. 

Lowell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Garrard  oo.,  Ky.,  lU  miles  by 
rail  E.  of  Lancaster. 

Lowell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  in  Lowell 
township,  about  32  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bangor.  It  haa  2 
churches.     Pop.  of  tho  township,  448. 

Lowell,  a  city  of  Massachusetts,  and  one  of  the  capi- 
tals of  Middlesex  co.,  is  situated  on  the  Merrimac  River, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Concord,  25  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Boston. 
Lat.  42°  38'  46"  N. ;  Ion.  71°  19'  2"  W.  'it  is  the  third 
city  of  the  state  in  population.  The  site  is  uneven  and  pic- 
turesque, and  "from  the  heights  of  Belvidcre,  on  tho  right 
bank  of  the  river,  the  whole  panorama  of  the  city,  the  long, 
curving  lino  of  the  Merrimac,  the  distant  peaks  of  Wachu- 
sett,  and  the  New  Hampshire  mountains,  come  grandly  into 
view."  The  city  is  chiefly  on  the  S.  side  of  the  Merrimac; 
though  some  large  establishments  are  situated  on  tho  N. 
Tho  streets  are  regularly  laid  out  and  well  paved;  the 
city  is  lighted  chiefly  by  electric  lights.  The  principal 
public  institutions  and  edifices  are  a  new  city  hall  (1892-9:)), 
erected  at  a  cost  of  $300,01)0  :  a  memorial  building  ($150,- 
000),  a  new  high-school  building  ($150,000),  a  court-hou«o, 
43  churches,  a  free  library  and  reading-room  with  40,000 
volumes,  a  mechanics'  iissociation  library  with  20,000  vol- 
umes, 7  national  banks  with  an  aggregate  capital  of 
$2,500,000,  7  savings-banks,  3  hospitals,  2  orpluinages,  a 
hoine'for  aged  women,  and  water-works  constructed  at  a 
cost  of  $1,265,000.  Six  daily  and  5  weekly  newspapers  are 
published  here,  and  here  also  is  the  site  of  the  Ayor  Home 
for  .young  women  and  children,  endowed  by  Mrs.  J.  C.  A.ver. 

The  prosperity  of  Lowell  is  mainly  derived  from  mana- 
factures  of  cotton  and  woollen  poods  and  the  immense  hy- 
draulic power  afforded  by  tho  Merrimac,  which  here  falls 
33  feet.  The  water-power  is  owned  by  a  corporation  char- 
tered as  "  The  Proprietors  of  the  Locks  and  Canals  on  Mer- 
rimac River."  As  given  in  the  United  States  census,  Lowell 
had  in  1890  a  capital  of  $40,457,399  invested  in  manufac- 
tures employing  28,086  operatives,  tho  annual  product  ag- 
gregating a  value  of  $39,638,062;'  the  wiiges  paid  having 
increased  from  $5,996,591  in  1880  to  $10,695,545  in  1890. 
Hero  are  9  large  corporations,  which  employ,  in  addition 
to  the  water-power,  60  steam-engines,  and  own  nearly  80 
mills  and  over  600,000  spindles.  Among  these  corpora- 
tions are  the  Merrimac  Manufacturing  Company  (capital, 
$2,500,000),  the  Hamilton  Manufacturing  Company  (capi- 
tal, $1,800,000),  the  Lowell  Manufacturing  Coinpnny  (cap- 
ital, $2,000,000),  the  Tremont  and  Suffolk  Mills  (capiUl, 
$1,200,000),  the  Lawrence  Manufacturing  Company  (capi- 
tal, $1,500,000),  and  the  Massachusetts  Cotton-Mills  (capi- 
tal, $1,800,000).  These  corporations  produce  cotton  sheet- 
ings, shirtings,  prints,  drillings,  flannels,  carpets,  cassimeres, 
serges,  shawls,  hosiery,  beavers,  &c.  Lowell  has  also  man- 
ufactures of  machinery,  boilers,  paper,  chemicals,  edge-tools, 
elastic  guods,  files,  screws,  bolts,  patent  medicines,  carriagei", 
furniture,  sash  and  blinds,  turbine-wheels,  pum])S,  liydraulio 
presses,  bobbins,and  machinists' tools.  The  Lowell  Bleachery 
has  a  capital  of  $300,000,  employs  about  400  operatives, 
and  dyes  15,000,000  yards  per  annum.  This  city  is  at  the 
convergence  of  7  railroads,  named  the  Boston  &  Lowell, 
the  Lowell  &  Nashua,  the  Lowell  A  Lawrence,  tho  Stony 
Brook,  the  Lowell  &  Framingham,  the  Lowell  &  Andover, 
and  the  Salem  A  Lowell.  There  are  several  public  pquares, 
in  one  of  which  a  monument  has  been  erected  to  the  mem- 
ory of  Ladd  and  Whitney,  who  were  killed  in  Baltimore  by 


low 


1701 


LUW 


inob  April  19,  1S61.  The  assessed  valuation  of  property 
V  1890  was  $62,046,799.  Lowell  was  incorporated  as  a 
lyin  18;Hfi.  Pop.  in  1,S40,  20,796;  in  1860,  36,827;  in 
175,49.688;  in  1880,  59,475;  in  1890,  77,696. 
iLowell*  a  post-village  in  Lowell  township,  Kent  cc, 
jch.,  on  Grand  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Flat  River, 
id  on  the  Detroit  <fc  Milwaukee  Railroad,  19  miles  E.  by 
jof  Grand  Rapids,  and  52  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lansing.  It 
::8  ft  national  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  3 
jurches,  a  foundry,  a  woollen-mill,  2  flouring-mills,  2 
[ming-mills,  an  axe-factory,  and  a  furniture-factory. 
Ip.  1503 ;  of  the  township,  2826. 

[Lowe  11,  a  northern  suburb  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  is  bounded 
j  the  N.  by  O'Fallon  Avenue,  on  the  E.  by  the  Mississippi 
ver,  on  the  S.  by  Grand  Avenue,  and  on  the  W.  by  Belle- 
Jitaine  Road.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
Sck,  soap,  and  bone-black. 

iLowell,  a  post-village  of  Kearney  co.,  Neb.,  on  the 
Jatte  River,  and  on  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Rail- 
ed, 15  miles  E.  of  Kearney  Junction,  and  18  miles  W.  of 
Iniata.    One  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here. 
tLowell,   a    post-village    in   Westmoreland   township, 
neida  co.,  N.Y.,  about  14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Utica.     It  has 
jchurch  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  171. 
iLowell,  Washington  co.,  0.     See  Buell's  Lowell. 
iLowell,  a  post-village  of  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  in  Lowell 
iwnship,  on  the  Missisquoi  River,  about  50  miles  E.N.B. 
f  Burlington.     It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
jittor-tubs,  sash,  and  doors.     Pop.  of  the  township,  942. 
I  Lowell,  a  post-office  of  Snohomish  co.,  Washington. 
Lowell,  a  post-village  of  Summers  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
hcsapeako  &  Ohio  Railroad,  and  on  the  Greenbrier  River, 
jjre  crossed  by  an  iron  bridge,  108  miles  S.E.  of  Charleston. 
4  has  a  church,  and  is  a  noted  shipping-point  for  stock. 
ILowell,  a  post-village  of  Dodge  co..  Wis.,  in  Lowell 
iwnship,  on  Beaver  Dam  River,  8  or  9  miles  S.  of  the  city 
t  Beaver  Dam,  about  35  miles  E.N.E.  of  Madison,  and  2i 
lies  N.  of  Lowell  Station  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fc 
i.  Paul  Railroad.     It  has  5  churches,  a  graded  school,  a 
|ieese-faetory,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  in  1890, 
|)4  :  of  the  township.  2492. 

ILowell  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Nevada  co.,  Cal.,  6  miles 
\ym  Dutch  Flat.     Gold  is  mined  here. 
{Lowell   Junction,  a  station  in  Andovor  township, 
(?3cx  CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad,  at  the 
iinction  of  the  Lowell  &  Andover  Railroad,  20  miles  N.  of 
pston,  and  9  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Lowell. 
ILowell  Mills,  a  village  of  Bartholomew  co.,  Ind.,  on 
Lat  Rock  Creek,  3  miles  N.  of  Columbus. 
ILowellrille,  lo'el-vil,  a  post- village  of  Mahoning  co., 
,on  the  Mahoning  River,  and  on  the  Ashtabula,  Youngs- 
(wn  ifc  Pittsburg  Railroad,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Youngstown,  and 
j  miles  N.N.W.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  2  churches,  a  blast- 
tmace  for  the  production  of  pig-iron,  2  grist-mills,  a  brick- 
iird,  and  a  planing-raill.     Good  coal  is  mined  near  this 
jiice.     Pop.  in  1890,  762. 

iLowen,  lo'^^n,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  36  miles 
['  rail  S.E.  of  Breslau,  on  the  Neisse.  Pop.  2001. 
^Lowen,  the  German  name  of  Louvaix. 
iLowenberg,  lo'iV?n-bdRG\  or  Lem'berg,  a  town  of 
•ussian  Silesia,  26  miles  W.S.W.  of  Liegnitz,  on  the  Bober. 
pp.  5203.  It  has  woollen-,  printed-linen-,  and  cotton-fac- 
jries,  and  bleaching-works. 

iLowenburg's  (lo'en-burgz)  Station,  a  post-office 
j  Adams  co..  Miss.,  on  the  Natchez,  Jackson  <Sb  Columbus 
ixilroad,  IS  miles  E.  of  Natchez. 

iLowendal,  low'§n-dir,  an  island  on  the  N.W.  coast 
I  West  Australia,  belonging  to  the  Montebello  group,  and 
[iQut  16  miles  N.  of  Barrow  Island, 

iLowenstein,  lo'*§n-stine\  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  24 
|iles  N.N.E.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1656. 
k Lower,  lo'^r,  a  township  of  Cape  May  co.,  N.J.    Pop. 
1 83.     It  includes  Cape  May  City,  and  is  the  southernmost 
jwnship  in  the  state. 

jLower,  a  township  of  Richland  co.,  S.C.    Pop.  307. 
iLower  Al'lcu,  a  township  of  Cumberland  co.,  Pa. 
Jm.  133G. 

fLowcr  Al'loway  Creek,  a  township  of  Salem  oo., 
I.J.,  on  the  Delaware  River.     Pop.  1483. 
iLower  Alps,  France.    See  Basses-Alpes. 
ILower  Ammonoo'suc,  a  river  of  New  Hampshire, 
jios  in  Coos  CO.,  near  Mount  Washington,  runs  southwest- 
krd  through  Grafton  co.,  and  enters  the  Connecticut  at  the 
lllage  of  Wells  River.     It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 
iLower  Augusta,  aw-gus'ta,  a  township  of  Northum- 
irland  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1802. 
jLow'er  Aus'tria  (Fr.  Baiae-Autriche,  bias-oHEecsh' ; 


Ger.  Oeiterreibh-unter-dem-Enna,  os't^r-RjK'-oon't^r-dem- 
fins,  or  Nieder-Oesterreich,  nee'd§r-os't?r-RiK^),  a  crown-land 
of  Austria-Hungary,  in  Cisleithania,  separated  in  part  from 
Upper  Austria  by  the  river  Enns.  With  Upper  Austria  it 
forms  the  so-called  archduchy  of  Austria.  It  is  bounded 
N.  by  Moravia,  E.  by  Hungary,  S.  by  Styria,  and  W.  by 
Upper  Austria  and  Bohemia.  Area,  7655  square  miles. 
Capital,  Vienna.  It  is  generally  very  fertile,  producing 
much  grain  and  wine,  and  its  mountainous  parts  are  rich  in 
metals.     Pop.  1,990,708. 

liOWer  Avon,  a  river  of  England.    See  Avox. 

Lower  Bank,  a  post-village  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J., 
on  Egg  Harbor  River,  about  40  miles  S.E.  of  Camden. 

Lower  Bann,  a  river  of  Ireland.    See  Ban.n. 

Lower  Bar'ney's  River,  a  post-settlement  in  Pictou 
CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  at  the  mouth  of  Barney's  River,  18  miles 
from  New  Glasgow.     Pop.  200. 

Lower  Bart'lett,  a  small  post-village  of  Carroll  co., 
N.H.,  in  Bartlett  township,  near  the  Saco  River,  about  5  miles 
N.  of  North  Conway.     It  has  2  churches. 

Lower  Bern,  a  post-office  of  Berks  co..  Pa. 

Lower  Beth  Horon,  Palestine.    See  Beth  Horon. 

LoAVer  Boise,  boi'z?,  a  post-office  of  Ada  co.,  Idaho. 

Lower  Brule,  broo^lA',  a  post-office  of  Lyman  co., 
S.D.,  on  the  Missouri  River,  near  Chamberlain. 

Lower  Bnrgeo,  Newfoundland.    See  Burgeo. 

Lower  Cab'ot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Vt., 
in  Cabot  township,  about  15  miles  N.E.  of  Montpelier.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  woollen-factory. 

LoAver  California.    See  California. 

Lower  Canard,  Nova  Scotia.     See  Canard. 

Lower  Can'terbury,a  post-hamlet  in  York  co..  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  river  St.  John,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Sheogomoc,  44  miles  W.  of  Fredericton. 

Lower  Cape,  a  settlement  in  Kent  co.,  New  Bruns- 
wick, at  the  entrance  of  Richibucto  Harbor,  3  miles  from 
Richibucto.     There  is  a  light-house  on  its  head.    Pop.  150. 

Lower  Catasau'qua,a  station  on  the  Lehigh  &  Sus- 
quehanna Railroad,  1  mile  S.E.  of  Catasauqua,  Pa. 

Lower  Chanceford,  chanss'ford,  a  township  of  York 
CO.,  Pa.     Pop.  2306.     It  contains  Airville. 

Lower  Chich'ester,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  Pa. 
Pop.  1129.     It  contains  Linwood. 

Lower  Cin^cinna'tus,  a  hamlet  in  Cincinnatus  town- 
ship, Cortland  co.,  N.Y.,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Marathon.  It 
has  a  church,  a  tannery,  and  manufactures  of  butter,  sash, 
and  blinds.     Pop.  about  135. 

Lower  Cone'to,  a  township  of  Edgecombe  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  2000. 

Lower  Cove,  a  post- village  in  Cumberland  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  Cumberland  Basin,  15  miles  from  Maccan. 
Grindstones  are  manufactured  here.     Pop.  300. 

Lower  Creek,  township,  Burke  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  750. 

Lower  Creek,  township,  Caldwell  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  1092, 

Low'er  Dar'wen,  a  township  of  England,  co.  of  Lan- 
caster, 2  miles  S.E.  of  Blackburn. 

Lower  Egypt,  Africa.    See  Bahari. 

Lower  Fish'ing  Creek,  a  township  of  Edgecombe 
CO.,  N.C.     Pop.  1629. 

Lower  Fork,  a  township  of  Burke  co.,  N.C.   Pop.  616. 

Lower  Free'town,  a  post-village  in  Prince  co.,  Prince 
Edward  Island,  8  miles  from  Summerside.     Pop.  200. 

Lower  French  Village,  a  post-village  in  York  co., 
New  Brunswick,  on  the  St.  John  River,  9  miles  W.  of 
Fredericton.     Pop.  250.     Near  here  is  an  Indian  village. 

Lower  Frome,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Gloucester, 
an  affluent  of  the  Avon. 

Lower  Gil  'manton,  a  post-office  of  Belknap  co.,  N.H. 

Lower  Gran'ville,  or  Goat  Island,  a  post-village 
in  Annapolis  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  an  island  in  Annapolis 
Basin,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Annapolis.     Pop.  100. 

Lower  Gulley,  a  fishing  hamlet  in  the  district  of 
Harbor  Main,  Newfoundland,  30  miles  from  St.  John's. 

Lower  Hack'ensack,  a  station  of  tho  New  Jersey  & 
New  York  Railway,  in  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  14  miles  from  New 
York,  on  the  Hackensack  River. 

Lower  Heidelberg,  hi'd§l-berg,  a  post-township  of 
Berks  co..  Pa.,  about  8  miles  W.  of  Reading,  is  intersected 
by  the  Lebanon  Valley  Railroad.  Pop.  2480.  It  containg 
a  village  named  AVernersville. 

LoAver  Hesse,  Germany.    See  Nieder-Hessen. 

LoAVer  Hills,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co..  III. 

LoAver  Hill'ville,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Clarion 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  73  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Pittsburg.     Hero  is  a  coal-mine. 

LoAver  Hom'iny,  a  township  of  Buncombe  co.,  N.C 
Pop.  1215. 


LOW 


1702 


LOW 


Lower  Horton*  Nova  SootU.    See  Qrand  PrI. 

Lower  Huiit'ing  Creek*  a  post-hamlet  of  Dorchester 
oo..  Mil.,  8^  iiiileti  from  llurlook  Station.     It  hai  a  ohurcb. 

Lower  Ireland,  a  post-village  in  Megantio  co.,  Que- 
bec, 16  mileA  S.K.  of  Uoetmoour  Station.  It  oontains  2  saw- 
milU  and  a  Krist-mill.     Pop.  200. 

Lower  Jameaburgt  j&ms'burg,  a  station  in  Middle- 
nx  00.,  N.J.,  on  the  Freehold  A  Jamesbarg  Railroad,  1  mile 
E.  of  Jamesburg. 

Lower  La  IIavc,l&  h&v,  also  called  Five  Honses, 
a  post-village  in  Lunenburg  oo.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  La 
Uave  Uiver,  0  miles  from  Lunenburg.     Pop.  220. 

Lower  Lahiisteilif  Gennany.     See  Lahxstbis. 

Lower  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Lake  oo.,  Cal.,  near 
the  S.U.  extremity  and  outlet  of  Clear  Lake,  32  milos 
N.  by  W.  of  Calistuga,  and  about  80  miles  in  a  direct  Hue 
N.  of  San  Francisco.  It  is  surrounded  by  a  picturesque 
oountry,  in  whioh  game  abounds,  and  is  frequented  by 
many  tourists  and  sportsmen.  It  has  manufikctures  of  car- 
riages, ploughs,  quicksilver,  borax,  and  sulphur.  Pop. 
about  3U0. 

Lower  L'Ardoise,  larMw&z',  a  post-hamlot  in  Rich- 
mond CO.,  Cape  Breton  Island,  on  the  E.  side  of  St.  Peter's 
Bay,  48  miles  E.  of  Port  Hawkesbury.     Pop.  400. 

Lower  Line  Qneens'bury,  a  post-hamlet  in  York 
00.,  New  Brun8>riok,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  St.  John  River, 
16  miles  above  Fredericton.     Pop.  150. 

Lower  Loire,  France.     Seo  Loire-Inp£rieure. 

Lower  Lynxville,  Wisconsin.     See  Lynxville. 

Lower  Macungie,ma-kun'jee,  a  township  of  Lehigh 
00.,  Pa.     Pop.  3062.     It  contains  Macnngio,  Alburtis,  <bc. 

Lower  Ala^hanoy',  a  township  of  Northumberland 
CO.,  Pa.     Pop.  1790. 

Lower  Make'field,  a  township  of  Bucks  co..  Pa. 
Pop.  2066. 

Lower  Marl'borough,  a  post-village  of  Calvert  co., 
Md.,  about  48  miles  S.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
steam  saw-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Lower  Merion,  mdr'e-pn,  a  post-township  and  the 
most  southern  part  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  is  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  by  the  Schuylkill  River,  which  separates  it  from 
the  21st  ward  of  Philadelphia.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Pennsylvania  and  Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railroads.  Pop. 
4886.     It  contains  the  village  of  Ardmore. 

Lower  Mid'dietony  a  village  in  Annapolis  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  li  miles  from  Middleton.    It  has  a  ladies'  seminary. 

Lower  Mil 'ford,  a  township  of  Lehigh  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
1505.     It  contains  Hosensock. 

Lower  Mount  Beth'el,  a  township  of  Northampton 
CO.,  Pa.     Pop.  3641. 

Lower  Naz'areth,  a  township  of  Northampton  co., 
Pa.  Pop.  1086.  It  contains  Heoktown  and  Newburg,  and 
has  iron-mines  and  lime-quarries. 

Lower  New'castle,  a  post-village  in  Northumberland 
CO.,  New  Brunswick,  6  miles  from  Chatham.     Pop.  250. 

Lower  Newport,  a  post-oflSce  of  Washington  co.,  0., 
0  miles  E.  of  Marietta. 

Lower  Norwood,  England.    See  Norwood. 

Lower  Ox'ford,  a  township  of  Chester  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
1449.     It  contains  Lincoln  University. 

Lower  Pax'ton,  a  township  of  Dauphin  oo.,  Pa. 
Pop.  1623. 

Lower  Peach-Tree,  a  post-village  of  Wilcox  co., 
Ala.,  on  the  Alabama  River,  180  miles  above  Mobile,  and 
20  miles  S.W.  of  Camden.  It  has  3  churches  and  an  acad- 
emy.    Pop.  about  200. 

Lower  Penn's  Neck,  a  township  of  Salem  oo., 
N.J.,  on  the  Delaware  River.     Pop.  1472. 

Lower  Prince  William,  a  post-hamlet  in  York  co., 
New  Brunswick,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  river  St.  John,  23i 
miles  above  Fredericton.  It  oontains  a  store  and  a  saw- 
mill.    Pop.  400. 

Lower  Prov'idence,  a  post-township  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Philadelphia,  is  bounded 
on  the  S.  by  the  Schuylkill  River.  It  contains  Providence 
Square,  a  hamlet.     Pop.  1572. 

Lower  Pyrenees,  France.    See  BASSES-PrR^NiEs. 

Lower  Queens'bury,  a  post-hamlet  in  York  oo.. 
Now  Brunswick,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  river  St.  John,  21 
miles  above  Fredericton.     Pop.  150. 

Lower  Rhine,  an  old  circle  of  Germany,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Rhine,  now  comprised  mostly  in  Hesse,  Rhenish 
Bnvaria,  and  Rhenish  Prussia. 

Lower  Rhine,  Germany.     See  Bas-Rhi.v. 

Lower  River  Inhabitants,  a  post-settlement  in 
Riohmond  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  In- 
habitants, 13  miles  from  Port  Hawkesbury.     Pop.  300. 


Lower  Saint  Clair,  a  township  of  Alleghany  ««. 
Pa.  Pop.  6322.  It  includes  some  of  the  soutborn  luburbi 
of  Pittsburg. 

Lower  Salem,  Washington  oo.,  0.    See  Salrji, 

Lower  Sal'lbrd,  a  township  of  Montgomery  oo  P». 
Pop.  1645.  "* 

Lower  Sancon,  saw'k^n,  a  post-township  of  North- 
ampton  oo.,  Pa.,  is  about  4  miles  E.  of  Allcntown.  It  ii 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Lehigh  River,  nnd  inters«ot»l 
by  the  North  Pennsylvania  Railroad.  Pop.  6304.  It  con- 
tains  Bingen  village  and  the  borough  of  llellcrtown. 

Lower  Seine,  France.     See  8EiNK-lNKf:iiiKfne. 

Lower  Sei'mah,  a  post-village  in  Hunts  co.,  Koxt 
Scotia,  on  the  S.  shore  of  Cobequid  Bay,  4  miles  from  Jftit. 
land.     Pop.  200. 

Lower  Siam.    See  Isthmus  op  Kraw. 

LoAver  Sioux  (soo)  A'gency,  a  post-ofiBoe  of  j&ad- 
wood  00.,  Minn.,  on  the  Minnesota  River. 

Lower  Southamp'ton,  a  post-hamlet  in  York  oo., 
New  Brunswick,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  river  St.  John,  40 
miles  above  Fredericton.     Pop.  200. 

Lower  Squank'um,  a  post-village  of  Monmouth  oo., 
N.J.,  in  Howell  township,  on  the  New  Jersey  Southern 
Railroad,  at  Squankum  Station,  8  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Frw. 
hold.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Lower  Stewiacke,  sto-wi-ak'e,  a  post-village  in  Col- 
chester CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Stewiacke  River,  near  iti 
confluence  with  the  Shubenacadie,  and  on  the  Intcrcolcoial 
Railway,  44  miles  N.N.E.  of  Halifax.  It  has  3  stores,  3 
saw-mills,  and  a  hoteL  Pop.  250.  The  railway  station  ii 
3  miles  distant. 

Lower  Swatara,  township,  Dauphin  co..  Pa.  P.  1290. 

Lower  Tar'ryall  Peak,Colorado,  a  mountain  in  lat. 
39°  9'  20"  N.,  Ion.  105°  26'  30"  W.  It  has  on  altitude  of 
11,200  feet  above  the  sea-level.     It  is  in  the  South  Park. 

Lower  Three  Creek,  of  Barnwell  co.,  S.C.,  flows  into 
Savannah  River. 

Lower  Three  Runs,  Barnwell  co.,  S.C.  8oe  1Ca»> 
tin's. 

Lower  Towamen'sing,  a  township  of  Carbon  oo., 
Pa.     Pop.  1552. 

Lower  Town  Creek,  a  township  of  Edgecombe  «o., 
Pa.     Pop.  937. 

LoAver  Tur'keyfoot,  a  township  of  Somerset  oo..  Pa. 
Pop.  1264. 

Lower  Two  Lick,  a  post-office  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa. 

Lower  Uwchlan,  Pennsylvania.    See  Uwchlak. 

Lower  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J. 

Lower  Ward  Saint  Marguerite's  Bay,  a  poit. 
village  in  Halifax  co..  Nova  Scotia,  25  miles  W.  of  llalifkx. 

Lower  Wat'erford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caledonia  co., 
Vt.,  on  or  near  the  Connecticut  River,  about  37  milos  £.  by 
N.  of  Montpelier.     It  has  a  church. 

Lower  Wind'sor,  a  township  of  York  co.,  Pa.  Pop. 
2429.     It  contains  East  Prospect. 

Lower  Wood'stock,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  co. 
New  Brunswick,  7  miles  from  Woodstock.  It  oontains  a 
store  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  500. 

LoAverz,  or  Lowertz,  lo'^firts,  a  village  and  lake  of 
Switzerland,  canton  and  3  miles  W.N.W.  of  Schwytz,  at  the 
foot  of  the  Rossberg.     Pop.  513. 

Lowe's,  loz,  a  post-hanilet  of  Graves  co.,  Ky.,  8  mild 
W.  of  Viola  Station.     It  has  a  church  and  an  institute. 

Lowe's  Cross  Roads,  post-office,  Sussex  co.,  DeL 

Low'estoft,  a  fortified  seaport  town  of  England,  In 
Suffolk,  40  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Ipswich.  It  is  the  ter- 
minus  of  2  railway  lines,  and  consists  of  two  parts.  Old 
and  New  or  South  Lowestoft.  The  principal  public  build- 
ings are  the  parish  church,  chapels,  a  town  hall,  theatre, 
assembly-room,  2  free  schools,  a  British  school,  several 
private  schools,  an  infirmary,  and  a  fishermen's  hospital 
Ship-building  is  carried  on,  and  there  are  several  brewerieJ 
and  refineries.  Lowestoft  is  one  of  the  chief  English  fish- 
ing ports.  Its  harbor  is  artificially  improved,  and  tbeont«r 
port  is  formed  by  2  groat  moles  or  piers.  The  town  is  a 
favorite  bathing-place.     Pop.  (1891 )  23,347. 

Lowesville,  lOi'vil,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  oo.,  N.C., 
10  miles  N.  of  Tuckasegee  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a 
church,  2  stores,  a  tannery,  <fec. 

Lowesville,  a  post-office  of  Guadalupe  co.,  Tex.,  10 
miles  from  Seguin. 

Lowesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Amherst  co.,  Va.,  on 
Piney  River,  10  miles  from  Tye  River  Depot.  It  has  3 
stores  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  50. 

Loweswater,  loz'w&H^r,  a  chapelry  of  England,  ». 
of  Cumberland,  on  a  small  lake  of  the  same  name,  6  mile' 
S.S.E.  of  Cockermouth. 


LOW 


1703 


LOY 


Low  Gap,  a  hamlet  of  Mendocino  co.,  Oal.,  45  miles 
LVf.  of  Cloverdale.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Low  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Surry  co.,  N.C. 

Low  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Cabell  co.,  AV.  Va. 

Low  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.,  13  miles 
V.N.W.  of  Allentown.  Pop.  of  Low  Hill  township,  997. 
I  Lowicz,  or  Lowitsch,  lo'vitch,  a  town  of  Poland,  44 
iiiles  W.S.W.  of  Warsaw,  on  the  Bzura,  an  affluent  of  the 
('■jstula.  Pop.  7605.  It  has  barracks,  monasteries,  a  gym- 
nasium, and  a  normal  school. 

I  Lowisa,  lo-<^ee'si,  or  Degesby,  di'gh5s-bii\  a  forti- 
jed  seaport  town  of  Finland,  on  the  Gulf  of  Finland,  55 
jiiles  N.E.  of  Ilelsingfors.     Pop.  2135. 
1  Low  Isles,  a  group  of  islets  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Aus- 
Ulia,  in  Trinity  Bay.     Lat.  16°  25'  S. ;  Ion.  145°  30'  E. 
■  Lowmaii,  lo'man,  a  post-office  of  Chemung  co.,  N.Y. 
)  Lowmansville,  lo'manz-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Law- 
rence CO.,  Ky.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 
I  Low  Moor,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa,  in  Eden 
jownship,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  9i  miles 
V.  of  Clinton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  graded  school. 
j  Low  Moor  Iron- Works,  a  mining  village  of  Alle- 
(bany  co.,  Ya.,  2  miles  by  rail  from  Low  Moor  Junction, 
irhich  is  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad.     It  has  a 
Ihurch.     Iron  ore  is  mined  here. 

i  Lowndes,  16wndz,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of 
Alabama,  has  an  area  of  about  720  square  miles.     It  is 

Sounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Alabama  River,  and  is  partly 
rained  by  Big  Swamp  and  Pintelala  Creeks.  The  surface 
■a  undulating  or  uneven,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
•orests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are 
[he  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
jjouisville  &  Nashville  Railroad  and  the  Western  Railroad 
If  Alabama.  Capital,  Ilayneville.  Pop.  in  1870,  25,719; 
jn  1880,  31,176;  in  1890,  31,550. 

j  Lowndes,  a  cousty  in  the  S.  part  of  Georgia,  borders 
(n  Florida.  Area,  about  431  square  miles.  It  is  partly 
bunded  on  the  E.  by  the  Allapaha  River,  and  on  the  W. 
}y  the  Withlacoochee  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level, 
ind  is  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees. 
,he  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  sugar-cane, 
jattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
iiterseeted  by  the  Savannah,  Florida  &  Western  Railroad 
'.nd  the  Georgia  Southern  &  Florida  Railroad,  both  of 
I'hich  connect  with  Valdosta,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
[321;  in  1880,  11,049;  in  1890,  15,102. 
j  Lowndes,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Mississippi,  bor- 
lers  on  Alabama.  Area,  about  636  square  miles.  It  is 
ptersected  by  the  Tombigbee  River,  and  is  partly  drained 
w  the  Oktibbeha  River  and  Luxapntilla  Creek.  The  sur- 
[ice  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered 
iith  forests  of  cypress,  hickory,  elm,  oak,  pine,  Ac.  The 
|)il  is  a  fertile  loam.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the 
jaiple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Mobile 
j.  Ohio  Railroad  and  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad, 
|Oth  of  which  connect  with  Columbus,  the  capital.  Pop. 
jj  1870,  30,502;  in  1880,  28,244;  in  1890,  27,047. 

!  Lowndes,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co..  Mo. 
Lowndes,  a  township  of  Colleton  co.,  S.C.    Pop.  1850. 
Lowndesborough,  lOwndz'bur-riih,  a  post-village  of 
lOwndes  co.,  Ala.,  3  miles  from  Lowndesborough  Station 
ff  the  Western  Railroad  of  Alabama,  and  20  miles  W.  by 
.  of  Montgomery.     It  has  4  or  5  churches,  a  male  acad- 
jmy,  a  female  institute,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  600. 
:  Lowndesville,  lowndz'vil,  a  post-village  and  town- 
pip  of  Abbeville  co.,  S.C,  about  110  miles  W.N.W.  of 
[olumbia.     Pop.  of  Lowndesville  township,  2480. 
[  Lowosits,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Lobositz. 
j  Low  (10)  Point,  a  post- village  of  Woodford  co..  111.,  in 
jazenovia  township,  on  the  Western  division  of  the  Chicago 
j  Alton  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Metamora,  and  130  miles 
•om  Chicago.     It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy. 
t  Low  Point,  New  York.    See  Carthage  Landing. 
f  Low  Point,  a  post-village  in  Richmond  co.,  Cape 
reton  Island,  on  the  Gut  of  Canso,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Port 
fastings.     Pop.  200. 

■:  Low  Point  Shore,  or  Victoria  Mines,  a  post- 
iillage  in  Cape  Breton  co..  Nova  Scotia,  at  the  entrance  of 
fydney  Harbor  (S.  side),  9  miles  N.  of  Sydney.  The  Vic- 
jwia  coal-mines  are  here.  A  large  quantity  of  coal  is 
•ansported  hence  4  miles  by  railway  to  a  wharf  at  South 
ay.  There  is  a  light-house  on  Low  Point,  showing  a 
|Xed  light  70  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Pop.  350. 
'  Lowrie's,  Wisconsin.  See  Emery. 
j  Lowry,  lOw'ro,  a  post- village  of  Bedford  oo.,  Va.,  on  the 
JlantiR,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches 
ttd  a  distillery. 


LoAvry  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Clair  co..  Mo.,  It 
miles  E.  of  Appleton  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Lowry's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Greenbrier  co.,  W.  V». 

Lowryville,  low'r§-vIl,  a  post-office  of  Chester  co.,  S.C, 
on  the  King's  Mountain  Railroad,  about  60  miles  N.  of 
Columbia.  , 

Lowryville,  a  post-office  of  Hardin  co.,  Tenn. 

Lowsville,  loz'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monongalia  co., 
W.  Va.,  7  miles  N.  of  Fairmont.     It  has  a  church. 

Lowtherstown,  Ireland.    See  Irvinestown. 

Lowville,  lo'vll,  a  post-township  of  Murray  co.,  Minn. 
Pop.  54. 

Lowville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Lowville  township,  on  Black  River,  and  on  the  Utica  <fc 
Black  River  Railroad,  68  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Utica,  and  33 
miles  S.E.  of  Watertown.  It  contains  5  churches,  the  Low- 
ville Academy,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  4  newspaper 
offices,  2  hotels,  several  iine  brick  buildings,  a  chair-factory, 
and  a  sash-  and  blind-factory.  Pop.  in  1890,  2511 ;  of  the 
township,  3684. 

Lowville,  a  small  post-village  of  Erie  oo..  Pa.,  on  French 
Creek,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Erie.  It  has  a  church  and  a  lum- 
ber-mill. 

Lowville,  a  post-office  of  Columbia  co..  Wis.,  in  Low- 
ville township,  22  miles  N.  of  Madison.  The  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee &  St.  Paul  Railroad  touches  the  N.E.  corner  of  the 
township.     Pop.  of  the  township,  886. 

Lowville,  lo'vil,  a  post-village  in  Halton  co.,  Ontario, 
on  Twelve-Mile  Creek,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Wellington 
Square.  It  contains  an  iron-foundry,  a  flouring-mill,  and 
several  stores.     Pop.  150. 

Loxa,  towns  of  Sixain  and  Ecuador.    See  Loja. 

Loxa,  Coles  co..  111.    See  Stockton  Station. 

Loy'al,  a  post-village  in  Loyal  township,  Clark  oo., 
Wis.,  10  miles  W.  of  Spencer  Railroad  Station,  and  about 
54  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Eau  Claire.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist- 
mill, a  saw-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  sash  and  doors. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  499. 

Loy'alhau^na,  a  township  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa. 
Pop.  813. 

Loyalhanna,  a  station  in  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  1  mile  E.  of  Latrobe. 

Loyalhanna  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  runs  northwest- 
ward through  Westmoreland  co.,  and  unites  with  the  Cone- 
maugh  River  at  Saltsburg,  to  form  the  Kiskiminetas. 

Loy'al  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co.,  Neb.,  16 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Lincoln. 

Loyal  Oak,  a  post- village  in  Norton  township,  Summit 
CO.,  0.,  4  miles  from  New  Portage  Station,  and  about  9  miles 
S.W.  of  Akron.  It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  and  a  steam 
saw- mill. 

Loy'alsock,  a  township  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  is  con- 
tiguous to  Williamsport.     Pop.  1475. 

Loyal  sock,  a  post-village  in  Upper  Fairfield  township, 
Lycoming  co..  Pa.,  on  Loyalsock  Creek,  about  9  miles  N.E, 
of  Williamsport.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Loyalsock  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Sullivan 
CO.,  runs  southwestward,  and  enters  the  West  Branch  of  the 
Susquehanna  River  in  Lycoming  co.,  about  5  miles  belovr 
Williamsport.     It  is  nearly  70  miles  long. 

Loy'alton,  a  post-village  of  Sierra  co.,  Cal.,  in  a  fer- 
tile valley  on  the  Sierra  Nevada,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of 
Reno,  and  100  miles  in  a  direct  line  N.E.  of  Sacramento. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Loyalton,  a  post-village  in  Washington  township, 
Dauphin  co..  Pa.,  1  mile  from  Oakdale  Station.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  coach-factory, 

Loy'alty  Islands,  a  group  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  E.  of 
New  Caledonia,  consists  of  3  large  and  many  small  islands, 
all  belonging  to  France.  Land  area,  841  square  miles. 
LiPU,  or  Chabrol,  is  the  largest,  N.  end  in  lat.  20°  27'  S., 
Ion.  167°  E.,  37  miles  long,  and  10  to  20  miles  broad.  It 
is  of  coral  formation,  and  has  no  harbor.  It  is  250  feet 
in  elevation,  level  on  the  top,  and  thickly  wooded.  Mari 
is  about  20  miles  long  and  10  miles  broad,  and  has  no 
anchorage.  It  is  of  coral  formation,  level,  and  thickly 
wooded,  and  is  populated  by  a  wild  race  of  small  stature. 
Total  pop.  13,334. 

Loy'al  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Mason  co.,  Tex., 
about  100  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Austin.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  hotel. 

Loyat,  lo'yi',  a  village  of  France,  in  Morbihan,  21 
miles  N.E.  of  Vannes.     Pop.  2160. 

Loyd,  New  York.     See  Lloyd. 

Loyd,  a  post-village  in  AVillow  township,  Richland  co., 
Wis.,  on  Willow  Creek,  about  56  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Madi  ion. 
It  has  a  lumber-mill. 


Loy 


1704 


•«iUO 


Loydiville*  luids'vll, »  post-villago  of  Belmont  oo^  0., 
•n  th«  National  Ilood,  5  miles  W.  of  St.  Clairsville,  and 
about  10  miloa  W.  by  N.  of  Bellaire.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  grist>mill.     Pop.  about  150. 

Iioyes,  IwA,  a  villago  of  France^  in  Ain,  22  miles  E. 
of  Tn'-^oux.     Top.  1 102. 

Loyola«  lo-yu'li,  a  celebrated  convent  and  village  of 
Spnin,  BiDcuy,  14  luiles  S.W.  of  St.  Scbaetian ;  the  former 
held  to  be  the  wealthiest  and  most  magniticent  belonging 
to  the  Jesuits,  by  whom  it  was  built  in  honor  uf  their 
founder  St.  Ignatius,  born  in  the  adjacent  vilhige  in  1491. 

IiOyS)  a  stiitiun  in  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Western 
Maryland  Railroad,  2  miles  S.AV.  of  Emmittsburg. 

Luy's  Cross  Roads*  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  oo., 
Tenn.,  about  10  miles  N.W.  of  Maynardville.  It  lias  2 
ohurohee. 

Loysville*  loit'vll,  a  post-village  in  Tyrone  township. 
Perry  co.,  Pa.,  about  27  miles  W.N.W.  of  Harrisburg.  it 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  200. 

Lozdziely*  Russian  Poland.    See  Losdzet. 

liOZ^re*  lo^taiR',  a  department  of  the  S.  of  Franoe,  a 
part  of  the  old  province  of  Languedoc.  Area,  19(15  square 
miles.  Pop.  in  1891,  1.35,527.  It  is  traversed  on  the  E. 
by  the  C6vennea  Mountains,  and  from  E.  to  W.  by  the 
mountains  of  Margeride  and  Loz^re.  Altitude  of  plateau, 
2300  to  3000  feet;  the  mountains  are  snow-clad  during  a 
great  part  of  the  year.  Elevation  of  Mount  LozSro,  in  the 
C^vennes,  4884  feet.  Chief  rivers,  the  Tarn,  Lot,  Truyere, 
Allier,  and  Gard.  Soil  infertile;  its  grain  and  wine  are 
insufficient  for  homo  consumption,  and  a  groat  part  of  the 
population  live  by  sheep-husbandry.  The  minerals  of  the 
department  are  lead,  silver,  copper,  antimony,  and  iron. 
Chief  industries,  cotton-spinning  and  mining.  This  de- 
partment anciently  formed  part  of  Aquitania  Prima  and 
Septiiuania.  It  is  divided  into  the  arrondissements  of 
Mendc,  Florae,  and  Marvejols.     Capital,  Mende. 

Iiozoyaf  lo-tho'yi,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Now  Castile,  60 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  570. 

Lozweil)  lots'^ile,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
34  miles  N.E.  of  Bern.     Pop.  1245. 

Lu.  loo  (L.  Lu'ciis),  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  9 
miles  N.AV.  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  3960. 

liUalaba,  a  river  of  Africa.    See  Congo. 

Luan'a)  a  post-village  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  in  Monona 
township,  on  the  Chicngo,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad, 
19  miles  W.  of  McGregor.  It  has  a  church,  a  wagon-shop, 
and  2  or  3  stores.     Pop.  about  250. 

Liuaiia  Point,  S.  coast  of  Jamaica,  is  in  lat.  18°  N. 

Liuanco,orLuauco  Santa  Maria,  loo-&n'kos&n't& 
m&-rce'i,  a  seaport  town  of  Spain,  on  the  Bay  of  Biscay, 
province  and  15  miles  N.  of  Oviedo.     Pop.  2700. 

liuarca,  loo-an'ki,  a  seaport  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  37  miles  W.N.W.  of  Oviedo.  It  is  in  a  sheltered  cove. 
The  harbor  is  defended  by  batteries. 

Lubaczovka,  or  Lubaczowka.  See  Looba.tchovka. 

LiUbaczoAV,  loo'bi-chov\  a  town  of  Austrian  Galioia, 
40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Zolkiew.     Pop.  3336. 

liuban,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  LooBAy. 

Luban,  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Looban. 

Li  u  bar,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Loodar. 

liubartow,  written  also  Lubartov,  loo-ban'tov,  a 
town  of  Poland,  government  and  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lublin, 
on  the  Wieprz.     Pop.  3810. 

Jjubawa,  the  Polish  name  of  Lobau. 

Lubbecke,  lUb^bSk'k^b,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  West- 
phalia, 13  miles  W,  of  Minden.     Pop.  2735. 

Liibben,  lUb'ben,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg, 
40  miles  S.W.  of  Frankfort,  on  an  island  formed  by  the 
Spree.  Pop.  5387,  engaged  in  linen-  and  woollen-cloth- 
weaving,  brewing,  distilling,  and  manufactures  of  tobacco. 

liUbbcnau,  lUb'b^h-now^  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Bran- 
denburg, 44  miles  S.S.W.  of  Frankfort,  on  the  Spree.  Pop. 
3557.     It  has  a  castle. 

Lub'bock,  a  county  of  Northwestern  Texas,  on  the 
Staked  Plain.    Area,  900  square  miles. 

Lub'bub  Creek,  of  Alabama,  flows  S.W.  through 
Pickens  co.  into  Tombigbee  River. 

Lubczyce,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  LeobschOtz. 

liu'bec,  a  post-villago  and  seaport  of  Washington  co., 
Me.,  in  Lubec  township,  on  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean, 
4  miles  S.  of  Eastport,  and  about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Calais. 
It  contains  4  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  savings-bank. 
It  has  a  good  harbor,  and  is  partly  supported  by  the  coast- 
trade  and  the  fisheries.  It  is  connected  with  Eastport  by  a 
steam  ferry.  Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  2069.  A  strait 
about  i  mile  wide  separates  Lubec  village  from  the  British 
island  of  Campobello. 


Lu'beck  (Ger.  LUbeek,  lU'bik ;  Lat.  Lubectm),  o.  f 
city  of  Germany,  one  of  the  Uanse  towns,  on  the  Truv 
the  junction  of  the  Wakenitz,  10  miles  from  tlio  Italtie, 
at  tlie  junction  of  several  railways,  .'JO  miles  N.E.  of  JLuii. 
burg.     It  is  divided  into  four  quarters  (and  almost  cncir. 
cled)  by  its  rivers,  and  some  parts  of  its  old  walls  rciii;ti* 
Among  its  buildings,  some  of  them  very  ancient  and  ot: 
wise  remarkable,  are  the  town  house,  containing  tlic  II 
hall,  the  Marienkirche,  and  other  quaint  old  dm 
Katharineum  (a  school),  the  theatre,  and  the  publi 
and  asylums.     Ijubeck  is  the  seat  of  cxtensivu 
tures  of  cloth,  beer,  silks,  cottons,  linens,  hosiery,  tobi 
soap,  candles,  paper,  and  mctullic  wares.     It  has  n.  ,, 
and  capacious  port,  and  a  largo  trade  by  sea,  c?]" 
Baltic  produce  (tar,  timber,   hemp,  iron,  spirit 
grain,  tallow,  and  provisions)  and  in  wine  fruiu    i 
The  town,  with  its  territory  (109  square  miles),  fuim*  a 
part  of  the  Gorman  empire;  but  the  local  govcrnineilt  ij 
democratic.     The  territory  consists  of  numerous  small  de- 
tached parts,  moBtIv  not  remote  from  the  city.   Pop.  of  citr 
with  immediate  suburbs,  in  1880,  61,055;  in  1890,  63,51)0; 
of  all  the  territory,  76,485. 

liUbeck,  a  principality  of  Germany,  belonging  to  the 
grand  duchy  of  Oldenburg,  but  entirely  detacliod,  being 
bounded  by  Ilolstein  on  the  N.  and  W.,  by  the  territory 
of  the  city  of  Lubeok  on  the  S.,  and  by  an  ani)  of  the 
Baltic  on  the  E.  Area,  200  square  miles.  Capital,  Eutio. 
Pop.  in  1890,  34,718. 

JLiU'beck,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wood  co.,  W.  Ya.,  is  near 
the  Ohio  River,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Parkersburg.  It  hu  2 
churches  and  a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  about  75. 

Liiben,  Prussian  Silesia.    See  Lacban. 

Lubcrsac,  lU^bin^s&k',  a  town  of  Franco,  department 
of  Corrfize,  28  miles  N.AV.  of  Tulle.     Pop.  1418. 

Iiubina,  loo'bcc'noh\  a  village  of  Hungary,  Hither 
Danube,  oo.  of  Neutra.     Pop.  2604. 

liublana,  Austria.    See  Laybach. 

liublau,  loob'low  (Hun.  Lnblo,  loo'blo'),  a  town  of 
North  Hungary,  co.  of  Zips,  on  the  Poprad,  15  miles  N.E. 
of  Kesmark.     Pop.  2056. 

Xiublin,  loo'blin,  a  government  of  Russian  Poland, 
having  E.  the  Russian  government  of  Volhynia,  S.  Galicia, 
W.  the  province  of  Radom,  and  N.  the  province  of  Siedlcc. 
Area,  11,975  square  miles.  Pop.  738,426.  Principal  rivers, 
the  Wieprz,  Bug,  and  Vistula. 

Lublin,  loo'blin,  or  Lubelsk,  loo'bSlsk,  a  city  of  Po- 
land, capital  of  a  government,  on  tho  Bistritza,  95  wild 
S.E.  of  Warsaw.  Pop.  26,708,  It  was  formerly  fortified, 
and  has  a  citadel,  and  ruins  of  a  castle  built  by  Casimir 
the  Great.  Principal  edifices,  a  town  hall,  the  Sobic^ki 
Palace,  cathedral,  synagogue,  a  Piarist  college,  diocesiui 
and  many  other  schools,  civil  and  military  hospitals,  an 
orphan  asylum,  and  a  theatre.  It  has  extensive  mnnu. 
factures  of  coarse  woollen  cloths,  in  which,  and  in  corn  and 
Hungarian  wines,  it  has  a  considerable  trade. 

Lublinitz,  loob'lc-nits^,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  34 
miles  E.N.E,  of  Oppeln.  on  the  Malz.     Pop.  2255. 

Lnblo,  loo'blo,  or  New  Lublo  (Hun.  Uj-Lublo,  oo'e- 
loo'blo* ;  Ger.  Neu-Lublau,  noi-lo0b'l5w),  a  village  of  Hun- 
gary, Hither  Theiss,  co.  of  Zips,  about  26  miles  N.  of  Leut- 
sohau.     Pop.  1000. 

Lubna,  loob'ni,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  circle  of  Cbif- 
dim,  about  10  miles  from  Leitomischl.     Pop.  1400. 

Lubnaig,  Loch,  Iok  lab'naig'  (the "Crooked  Lake"), 
a  lake  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Perth,  at  the  N.E.  base  of  13en- 
ledi,  5  miles  N.N.W,  of  Callander.  It  is  formed  by  a 
branch  of  the  Teith,  which  expands  into  Lochs  Doine  and 
Voel. 

Lnbni,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Loobnt. 

LubomI,  loo'bom'l,  a  market-town  of  Russian  Poland, 
in  Volhynia,  38  miles  N.N.W.  of  Vladimeer.     Pop.  2850. 

Lubrin,  loo-breen',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  29 
miles  N.E.  of  Almcria.  Pop.  2200.  It  has  extensive  minci 
of  iron  and  ochre,  and  quarries  of  rock  crystal. 

Liibtheen,  lUb'tain,  a  market-town  of  Germany,  Meck- 
lenburg-Schwerin,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Hagcnow.    P.  2247. 

Liibz,  liips,  a  town  of  Mecklenburg-Schwerin,  on  the 
Elde,  8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Parohim.     Pop.  2603. 

Luc,  or  Le  Luc,  l^h  liik  (anc.  Lu'cut  Aufjm'ii!),  a 
market-town  of  France,  department  of  Var,  13  miles  S.\K 
of  Draguignan.  In  its  vicinity  is  an  extensive  gloss-  and 
crystal-factory.     Pop.  3148. 

Luca,  a  city  of  Italy.    See  Lucca. 

Luca'do,  a  station  in  Campbell  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Vir- 
ginia Midland  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Lynchburg.  ^ 

Lucainena  de  las  Torres,  loo-ki-n4'n4  di  lis  toE  - 
r8s,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  25  miles  from  Almeria. 


LUC 


1705 


LUC 


Ln'can,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Dublin,  on  the 
liffey,  and  on  the  Great  Southern  &,  Western  Railway,  6i 
liles  W.  of  Dublin.     Pop.  523. 

■  liU'can,  a  post- village  in  Middlcse.-c  oo.,  Ontario,  on  the 
Irand  Trunk  Railway,  14  miles  W.  of  London.  It  con- 
\\na  a  newspaper  office,  2  foundries,  flour-,  carding-,  and 
Inning-mills,  an  ashory,  a  cheese-factory,  about  20  stores, 
'  hotels,  Ac,  and  has  an  extensive  export  trade  in  grain 
U  cattle.  Pop.  1000. 
j  Lucania,  the  ancient  name  of  Basimcata. 

Lu'cas,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an  area  of 
32  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Chariton  River 
nd  by  Whitebreast  Creek,  an  affluent  of  the  Des  Moines, 
'he  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies 
bd  groves  of  deciduous  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian 
prn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products, 
[his  county  is  a  part  of  the  coal-field  of  Iowa.  It  is  inter- 
acted by  the  branches  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy 
Uilroad,  which  connect  Chariton,  the  capital  of  the  county, 
iith  Des  Moines,  the  state  ca])ital,  Leon,  Osceola,  Alba,  and 
jther  cities.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,388;  in  1880,  14,530;  in  1890, 
i4,563. 

j  LucaSy  a  northwestern  county  of  Ohio,  bordering  on 
lichigan  and  Lake  Erie,  has  an  area  of  about  430  square 
tiles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Maumee  River, 
[hich  enters  Maumee  Bay  on  the  N.E.  border  of  the 
Dunty,  and  is  drained  by  the  Ottawa  River.  The  surface 
\  nearly  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  for- 
Sts  of  the  sugar-maple,  tulip-tree,  ash,  white  oak,  beech, 
Sm,  hickory,  Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
!at8,  hay,  and  lumber  are  the  staple  products.  Among  the 
pinerals  are  corniferous  limestone,  a  good  building-stone, 
'nd  water-limestone.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Columbus, 
locking  Valley  <fc  Toledo,  Cincinnati,  Jackson  &  Mackinaw, 
iake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern,  Michigan  Central,  nnd 
ither  railroads,  which  centre  at  Toledo,  the  capital.  Pop, 
ii  1870,  46,722;  in  1880,  (57,377;  in  1890,  102,296. 
i  liiicas,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.,  1429, 
'xclusive  of  Iowa  City  and  Coralville. 
i  Lucas,  a  post-village  of  Lucas  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Bur- 
ington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  39  miles  W,  of  Albia. 
it  has  a  church  and  a  flouring-mill.  Pop.  in  1890,  1320. 
j  Lucas,  a  post-office  of  Pawnee  co.,  Kansas. 
j  Lucas,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ilenry  co..  Mo.,  about  60  miles 
I.S.E.  of  Kansas  City. 

1  Lucas,  a  post-village  of  Richland  co.,  0.,  in  Monroe 
iiwnship,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Rail- 
iad,  about  6  miles  S.E.  of  Mansfield,  It  has  2  churches, 
jflour-raill,  and  a  wagon-factory, 

I  Lucas,  a  post-township  of  Dunn  co.,  AVis.,  5  miles  S.  of 
'napp  Railroad  Station,  and  about  7  miles  W.  of  Menom- 
|iee.  It  has  manufactures  of  lumber  and  lime.  Pop,  429. 
i  Lucas   Grove,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Iowa,  7 

iles  N.N.W.  of  Knoxville. 

I  Lucas  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Bexar  co.,  Tex. 
{Lu'casville,  a  post-village  of  Scioto  co.,  0.,  on  the 
jiioto  River  and  the  Ohio  Canal,  10  miles  N,  of  Ports- 
jouth.     It  has  a  church  and  a  high  school. 
■Lu9ay-le-Male,lii's4'-I?h-mil,  a  town  of  France,  in 
iidre,  20  miles  N.N.W,  of  Chtlteauroux,     Pop,  1775. 
iLucayos.    See  Bahama  Islands. 

Luc'ca  (It.  pron.  look'kil;  Fr.  Lucquea,  liik),  a  city  of 
jaly,  capital  of  the  province  of  Lucca,  on  the  Sercbio,  10 
jilcs  by  rail  N.E.  of  Pisa.  Pop.  21,287;  with  suburbs, 
j,204.  It  is  well  built  and  clean.  It  has  a  fine  cathedral, 
jirtly  of  the  eleventh  century,  containing  valuable  paint- 
!g8  and  some  curious  antiquities,  several  other  churches, 
lostly  built  of  Carrara  marble,  a  palace,  royal  lyceum, 

iith  a  library,  a  seminary  for  noble  ladies,  a  theatre,  bo- 
nio  garden,  aqueduct,  on  459  arches,  for  the  conveyance 
water  from  Monte  Pisano,  the  remains  of  a  Roman  am- 
jiitheatre,  and  many  public  fountains.  It  is  a  bishop's 
jC,  has  many  benevolent  institutions,  and  is  one  of  the 
tost  industrious  cities  in  Italy,  having  manufactures  of 
|;k  and  woollen  fabrics,  fez  caps,  and  paper,  and  an  active 
jide  in  olive  oil,  <fcc.  First  an  Etruscan,  then  a  Ligurian 
iwn,  it  afterwards  became  a  'R.om&xi  municipium.  About 
je  end  of  the  sixth  century  it  foil  under  the  power  of  the 
pmbarcA,  from  whom  it  passed  to  the  emperors  of  Ger- 
|any.  In  1342  it  purchased  its  freedom  from  Charles  IV. 
id  became  a  republic.  It  was  taken  by  the  French  in 
j99,  and  a  few  years  after  became  the  capital  of  a  princi- 
jdity  of  the  same  name,  erected  by  Napoleon  in  favor  of 
is  sister  Eliza.  Near  it  are  the  reputed  baths  of  Nero, 
jid  11  miles  northward,  in  the  valley  of  the  Serchio,  are 

e  baths  of  Lucca,  a  summer  watering-place. Adj.  and 

liab.  LuccHESE,  luk-keez'  (It,  pron.  look-ki'gi). 
108 


Lucca  (It.  Lucca,  look'kl,  or  Lucchete,  look-ki'si),  a 
province  of  Central  Italy,  between  lat.  43°  45'  and  44°  7' 
N.  and  Ion.  10°  12'  and  10°  42'  E.,  in  Tuscany,  bounded 
AV.  by  the  Gulf  of  Genoa  and  Modena.  Area,  577  squaje 
miles.  Pop.  280,399.  It  occupies  the  central  valley 
of  the  Serchio,  and  is  one  of  the  finest  and  most  fertile 
regions  in  Italy.  Lucca  was  formerly  an  independent  state, 
but  was  ceded  to  Tuscany  in  October,  1847, 

Lucca,  look'ki,  a  village  of  Sicily,  province  of  Gir- 
genti,  between  Alessandria  and  Castronuovo.     Pop.  2228. 

Luce,  a  township  of  Spencer  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  2381. 

Lucea,  loo-see'a,  a  village  of  Jamaica,  on  its  N.W. 
coast,  CO.  of  Cornwall,  17  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Montego  Bay. 

Luceau,  lii'so',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Sarthe,  21  miles  S.W.  of  Saint-Calais.     Pop.  1133. 

Luce  (luss)  Bay,  a  broad  and  deep  inlet  of  the  Irish 
Sea,  S.W.  coast  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Wigtown,  Breadth  at 
entrance,  18}  miles  ;  at  the  head,  where  it  receives  the 
small  river  Luce,  about  7  miles  ;  length,  lOJ  miles. 

Lucena,  lu-se'na  or  loo-thi'nS.  (anc.  Elisana  ?),  a  city 
of  Spain,  Andalusia,  province  and  30  miles  S.S.E,  of  Cor- 
dova. It  is  well  built,  has  several  squares,  wide,  clean, 
paved  streets,  with  handsome  edifices,  a  large  and  highly- 
decorated  church,  several  convents,  2  ladies'  colleges,  a  va- 
riety of  schools  and  benevolent  institutions,  a  town  house, 
a  prison,  2  hospitals,  an  orphan  asylum,  storehouse,  prom- 
enade, and  esteemed  medicinal  baths.  It  has  manufactures 
of  linen  fabrics,  shoes,  soap,  earthenware,  glass,  brandy, 
wine,  oil,  vinegar,  and  metallic  vessels.     Pop.  14,800, 

Lucena,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  15  miles  N.W. 
of  Castellon  de  la  Plana,  on  the  river  Lucena.    Pop.  1260. 

Lucenay  I'Ev^que,  lii*s§h-ni'  l§h-vAk',  a  village  of 
France,  in  Sa6ne-et-Loire,  8  miles  W.N.W,  of  Autun. 

Lucenda,  loo-sdn'di,  a  considerable  town  of  Sout.h 
Africa,  territory  of  Cazembe,  on  the  W,  affluent  of  Lake 
Nyassa,  near  lat,  10°  S.,  Ion.  30°  E. 

Lucento,  loo-chin'to,  a  village  of  Italy,  near  Turin, 
on  the  Dora  Ripaira.     Pop.  1246. 

Lucentum,  the  ancient  name  of  Alicante, 

Lucera,  loo-ch4'ri  (anc.  Luce'ria),  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Foggia.  Pop.  14,014. 
It  is  enclosed  by  old  walls,  and  has  a  fine  cathedral,  for- 
merly a  mosque,  a  bishop's  palace,  an  admirable  old  castlp, 
a  royal  college,  and  a  fine  museum. 

Luceram,  lU'siViM',  or  Lucerame,  loo-chi-ri'mi,,a 
village  of  France,  Alpes-Maritimes,  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Nice. 

Lucerna,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Luserna. 

Lucerne,  lu-s^rn'  (Fr,  pron.  lU^saiRn';  Ger.  Luzern  or 
Lucent,  loot-s^Rn'),  a  city  of  Switzerland,  capital  of  the 
canton  of  Lucerne,  and  one  of  the  three  seats  of  the  Swiss 
Diet,  on  the  Reuss,  where  it  issues  from  the  W.  extremity  of 
the  Lake  of  Lucerne,  25  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Zurich.  Pop. 
17,850.  It  is  highly  picturesque,  enclosed  by  a  wall  .and 
watch-towers,  and  well  built.  Principal  edifices,  a  cathedral 
and  other  fine  churches,  several  convents,  town  hall,  arse- 
nal with  ancient  armor,  2  hospitals,  an  orphan  asylum,  jail, 
theatre,  and  several  covered  bridges  adorned  with  ancient 
paintings.  Its  lyceum,  established  in  an  old  convent,  has 
attached  to  it  an  admirable  public  school.  In  a  garden 
outside  of  the  city  walls  is  a  monument  to  the  Swiss 
guards  who  fell  in  Paris  in  1792.  Lucerne  has  several  re- 
markable works  of  art,  also  manufactures  of  silk  and  cotto^ 
fabrics  and  of  carriages,  and  one  of  the  largest  corn-mar- 
kets in  Switzerland.    See  Lake  of  Lucerne. 

Lucerne,  a  canton  of  Switzerland,  near  its  centre. 
Area,  588  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1888,  135,360,  nearly  aU 
Roman  Catholics,  Surface  mountainous  in  the  S.,  level  in 
the  N.  The  soil  is  generally  fertile.  Principal  river,  tha 
Emmen.  The  canton  comprises  the  lakes  of  Sempach  and 
Baldegg;  those  of  Lucerne  and  Zug  form  part  of  its  E, 
limits,  A  small  surplus  of  corn  is  produced  annually; 
fruits  are  plentiful,  and  some  wine  is  made;  but  the  chief 
branches  of  industry  are  cattle-rearing  and  dairy-husbandry. 
Lucerne  is  the  chief  of  the  Swiss  Roman  Catholic  cantons. 

Lucerne,  lu-s^rn',  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co.,  0.,  about 
45  miles  N.N.E.  of  Columbus.     Here  is -a  church. 

Luces'co,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Alleghany  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Kiskiminetas,  29 
miles  N.E,  of  Pittsburg,  and  J  mile  from  Alleghany  Junc- 
tion Station.     It  has  an  oil-refinery  and  a  coal-mine. 

Luchente,  loo-chfin'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
35  miles  from  Valencia.     Pop.  1121,  , 

Luchon,  a  town  of  France,   See  BAGNiBES-DE-Lucnojr, 

Liichow,  lii'kov,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  37 
miles  S.E.  of  Liineburg,  on  the  Jetze.     Pop.  2602. 

Liichtringen,  lilK'tring-^ n,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, 40  miles  S,S,E.  of  Minden,  on  the  Wesor.    Pop.  Idl^^. 


LUO 


1706 


LUD 


Lnoiana,  Spain.    Soe  IlERRinA  del  Ddqdb. 

Luciferi  Forum^  Spain.    See  San  Lucar  la  Mator. 

Liicignano,  loo-choen-yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
Florcnoo,  7  inilos  N.E.  of  Siena.     Pop.  4052. 

Lucillo,  loo-theel'yo,  a  town  of  Spain,  provinoe  and  37 
milos  W.S.W.  of  Leon.     Pop.  520. 

Lo'cin,  a  statiun  in  Box  Elder  oo.,  Utah,  on  the  Central 
Paoifio  Kiiilroiul,  120  milos  W.  of  Corinne. 

Lncin'da  Fur'nace,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarion  oo..  Pa., 
about  20  milos  E.S.B.  of  Oil  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Iiucito,  loo-chee'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Cam- 
pobaiiso,  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Larino.     Pop.  2761. 

liUck,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Lootsk. 

Luck,  a  post-township  of  Polk  oo..  Wis.  It  has  forests 
of  hard  timber  and  2  churches.     Pop.  453. 

Lucka,  lSSk'k&,  a  town  of  Qermany,  Saxe-Altcnburg, 
near  Altenburg,  on  the  Sohnauber.     Pop.  1321. 

Lnckau,  lud'kOw,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg, 
60  miles  S.W.  of  Frankfort-on-the-Oder,  on  the  Berste. 
Pop.  4S42.  It  has  manufootures  of  woollens  and  linens, 
distilleries,  and  powder-mills. 

Luckenwalde,  IdJSk'^n-^^&rd^h,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
in  Brandenburg,  23  miles  S.E.  of  Potsdam,  on  the  Berlin  & 
Anhalt  Railway.  Pop.  1.3,816,  employed  in  wooUen-cloth- 
and  linen-factories,  tanneries,  iron-works,  breweries,  &o. 

Luck'ett,  a  station  in  Cambria  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Ebens- 
burg  <t  Crosson  Railroad,  2  miles  W.  of  Cresson. 

Luck4mpoor%  or  Lakhimpur,  lukMm-poor',  a  dis- 
trict of  Assam,  British  India,  bounded  N.  by  the  Luckim- 
poor  Hills,  and  S.  by  the  Brahmapootra.  Area,  3145  square 
miles,  llero  coal  is  found.  Capital,  Luckimpoor.  Pop. 
121,267.  The  LucKiMPOon  Hills  are  a  tract  of  forest- 
region,  inhabited  by  wild  tribes,  scarcely  under  British  con- 
trol.    Area,  8343  square  miles. 

Luckimpoor,  a  town,  capital  of  the  Luckimpoor  dis- 
trict, Assam.     Lat.  27°  19'  N. ;  Ion.  94°  3'  E. 

LucknoAV,  or  Lakhnau,  lilk'nSw^  (Hin.  Laksmana- 
vate),  a  city  of  India,  in  Oude,  580  miles  W.N.  W.  of  Calcutta, 
lat.  26°  53'  N.,  Ion.  80°  53'  E.,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Goomty,  here  crossed  by  a  stone  bridge  of  10  irregular, 
pointed  arches,  and  by  a  bridge  of  boats.  The  river  is 
navigable  for  large  boats  from  its  junction  with  the  Ganges 
to  a  considerable  distance  up  the  country.  Lucknow  is  an 
important  railway  junction,  and  has  a  picturesque  appear- 
ance from  a  distance,  with  its  innumerable  minarets,  gilded 
cupolas,  and  brilliantly-colored  sepulchres  and  mosques, 
but  fails  to  realize,  on  near  inspection,  the  promises  of  the 
remote  view.  It  may  be  said  to  be  divided  into  two  por- 
tions,— the  court  end,  and  the  bazaar  or  mercantile  section. 
The  streets  are  narrow,  and  the  houses  generally  mean ;  but 
in  the  better  quarter  the  buildings  are  handsome,  and  the 
itreets  broad.  In  the  principal  street  is  a  lofty  portal,  or- 
namented with  many  small  towers;  and  at  the  farther  ex- 
tremity is  the  Imaum  Barra.  There  are,  besides,  many 
stately  khans,  and  handsome  mosques  and  pagodas,  in  va- 
rious parts  of  the  city,  and  not  a  few  of  them  in  the  meanest 
and  most  wretched  quarters.  With  the  exception,  however, 
of  the  royal  tombs,  and  the  Imaum  Barra,  a  beautiful  struc- 
ture, the  principal  edifices  of  the  city  are  all  of  modern 
construction.  The  scenery  around  the  city  is  very  pleasing, 
•especially  along  the  banks  of  the  Goomty.  The  river  here 
•exhibits  a  scene  of  great  activity,  small  barques  and  boats 
rowing  to  and  fro  in  ceaseless  succession.  Between  the  city 
and  the  decaying  country-seat  Constantia  is  the  Delkusha 
Park,  with  an  extensive  menagerie.  Lucknow  was  long 
the  capital  of  Oude.  It  is  renowned  for  its  siege  and  de- 
fence against  the  Sepoys  in  1857.     Pop.  284,779. 

Lucknow,  or  Lakhnau,  a  division  or  commissioner- 
ship  of  India,  North-West  Provinces,  in  Oude,  comprising 
the  districts  of  Lucknow,  Oonas,  and  Bara  Banki.  Area, 
4441  square  miles.  Capital,  Lucknow.  Pop.  2,838,106. 
Lucknow  district  has  an  area  of  977  square  miles,  and  a 
pop.  of  778,195. 

Luck'now,  a  post-village  in  Bruce  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
Wellington,  Grey  k  Bruce  Railway,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Kin- 
cardine. It  contains  about  15  stores,  2  hotels,  a  cloth- 
factory,  a  carding-  and  fulling-mill,  2  saw-mills,  and  a  grist- 
mill.    Pop.  800. 

Lnck^put',  Lak'hpat,  liikVpat',  or  Luck^put' 
Bun'der,  a  fortified  town  of  India,  Cutch,  on  the  Koree 
or  East  Branch  of  the  Indus,  here  200  yards  across,  and 
only  4  feet  deep.  Pop.  5000,  mostly  Hindoo  traders.  It 
ttands  on  elevated  ground,  and  has  irregular  bastioned  walls. 
It  is  a  very  sickly  place. 

Lucky  Queen,  a  post-office  of  Josephine  co.,  Oregon. 

Luco,  loo'ko  (anc.  Luctof),  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
«f  Aquila,  5  miles  S.  of  Avezzano.     Pop.  3238. 


Lncoli,  loo-ko'lee,  a  village  of  Italy,  provinoe  of  AontU 
«5  miles  W.S.W.  of  Aquila.     Pop.  2299.  ^  ^ 

Lu^on,  1U'8&N»'  (anc.  Lucutf),  a  town  of  France  in 
Vend6e,  17  miles  AV.  of  Fontenay-le-Comte,  about  8  milea 
from  the  sea,  to  which  it  is  united  by  a  canal,  10  milea  in 
length.  Pop.  6026.  It  has  a  communal  college,  and  manu 
factures  of  cutlery,  linen,  oil,  liqueurs,  and  porcelain. 

Lufon,  one  of  the  Philippine  Islands.    See  Lurox, 

Lucqucs,  a  city  of  Italy.    See  Lucca. 

Lucus  Astnrum,  an  ancient  name  of  Oviedo. 

Lucus  Augusti,  the  ancient  name  of  Lugo. 

Lu'cy,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Padnc&h 
&  Memphis  Railroad,  13  miles  N.N.E.  of  Memphis. 

Lucyn,  the  Polish  name  of  Lyootslv. 

Luczko,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Saatz. 

Ludd,  lad  (anc.  Lyd'da  or  Dios'polis),  a  villaga  of 
Palestine,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Ramleh,  with  a  decayed  church. 

Ludda  Islands.    See  Lada  Islands. 

Lud'denden  Foot,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
West  Riding,  3i  miles  W.  of  Halifax,  on  the  Manchester* 
Leeds  Railway.     Pop.  2963. 

Lude,  or  Le  Lude,  l?h  liid  (anc.  Luulum  f),  a  town 
of  France,  department  of  Sarthe,  on  the  Loir,  10  mila 
E.S.E.  of  La  Fleche.     Pop.  2720.     It  has  a  castle. 

Liidenscheid,  lU'd^n-shite',  a  town  of  Prussia,  West- 
phalia, 23  miles  S.W.  of  Arnsberg.  Pop.  7546.  It  hoi 
factories  of  cutlery,  brass-  and  iron-wares,  and  cotton  and 
woollen  goods. 

Lildinghausen,  lU'ding-h5w*z?n,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
Westphalia,  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  MUnster.     Pop.  2187. 

Lud'ington,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Mason  co.,  Mich., 
is  on  Lake  Michigan,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Marquette  Ri . 
137  miles  W.  by  N.  of  East  Saginaw,  and  about  54  inilr 
by  W.  of  Muskegon.     It  is  the  N.W.  terminus  of  the  1 
<t  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  and  has  2  banks,  4  churcbt», 
2  foundries,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  planing-mill,  and  7  milli 
for  lumber  and  shingles.     Lumber  is  the  chief  article  of 
export.     Pop.  in  1890,  7517. 

Lud'ingtonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  N.Y, 
about  20  miles  E.  of  Newburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Liiditz,  lil'dits,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  56  miles  W.  of 
Prague.     Pop.  1800.     Near  it  are  mines  of  iron  and  zinc. 

Lud'low,  lild'lo,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Salop,  nt  . 
the  confluence  of  the  Corve  and  Teme,  25  miles  by  rail  S.  'ii 
of  Shrewsbury.  It  is  finely  situated  on  an  eminence  in  a  ! 
fertile  district.  There  are  some  traces  of  walls  erected  in  ! 
the  reign  of  Edward  I.,  magnificent  remains  of  a  castle,  ; 
Mortimer's  chapel,  the  noble  state  apartments  of  the  lordi  I 
presidents  of  the  marches,  with  several  towers,  a  very  fin«  j 
church,  a  grammar-school  founded  by  Edward  IV.,  nsscm- 
bly-rooms,  theatre,  and  library.  The  borough  sends  t 
member  to  the  House  of  Commons.     Pop.  6203. 

Lud'low,  a  post-village  of  Champaign  co..  III.,  in  Lud- 
low township,  on  the  Chicago  division  of  the  Illinois  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  20  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Champaign.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  drug-store.  Pop.  in  1890, 
298;  of  the  township,  1152. 

Ludlow,  a  post-office  of  Dubois  co.,  Ind. 

Ludlow,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  in  Ludlow  township, 
Allamakee  co.,  Iowa,  about  75  miles  N.N.W.  of  Dubuque. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1015. 

Ludlow,  a  post-town  of  Kenton  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  below  Covington  and  opposite  Cincinnati.  It  is  nearly 
surrounded  by  high  hills,  and  is  on  the  Cincinnati  Southern 
Railroad.  A  fine  railroad  bridge  of  iron  here  crosses  the 
river.  It  contains  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  ofiico,  and 
5  churches.  Many  merchants  who  do  business  in  Cincin- 
nati reside  here.     Pop.  about  1500. 

Ludlow,  a  township  of  Aroostook  co..  Me.,  abont'8 
miles  N.W.  of  Houlton.     Pop.  371. 

Ludlow,  or  Jenks'ville,  a  post-village  in  Ludlow 
township,  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Springfield,  Athol  A 
Northeastern  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Springfield.  It  has 
a  church,  and  manufactures  of  crashes,  grain-bags,  4c. 
The  township  is  bounded  S.  by  Chicopee  River.  It  has  3 
churches,  and  a  pop.  (1890J  of  1939.     See  LunLOW  Ce.ntbe. 

Ludlow,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  Miss.,  about  35  miles 
N.E.  of  Jackson. 

Ludlow,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  Mo.,  in  Mon- 
roe township,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  a  church, 
a  flour-mill,  <S:c. 

Ludlow,  Miami  co.,  0.     See  GEonoRTOwx. 

Ludlow,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  0.     Pop.  1082. 

Ludlow,  a  post-village  of  McKean  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Philadelphia  A  Erie  Railroad,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Warren.  It 
has  2  lumber-mills  and  a  planing-mill. 

Ludlow,  a  post-village  in  Ludlow  township,  Windsor 


LUD 


1707 


LUL 


.,  Vt,  on  Black  River,  and  on  the  Rutland  division  of  the 
Fer'nont  Central  Railroad,  25  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rutland.  It 
Us  3  or  4  churches,  an  academy,  a  foundry,  a  newspaper 
fffice,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  woollen  goods,  toys, 
Vhetstones,  and  machinery.  The  township  has  5  churches. 
t>op.  in  1890,  1081 ;  of  the  township,  1768. 
I  tndlow,  a  post-settlement  in  Northumberland  co..  New 
Sruttswicls,  on  the  Southwest  Branch  of  the  Miramichi,  51 
iailes  from  Fredericton.     Pop.  100. 

)  LndlOAV  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hampden  co., 
llass.,  in  Ludlow  township,  2  miles  from  Ludlow  Station. 
it  has  2  churches. 

I  Ludlow  City,  a  small  village  in  Ludlow  township, 
dampden  co.,  Mass.  It  has  water-power  and  some  small 
iianufactories. 

I  Ludlow  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  on 
he  Marietta  <fc  Cincinnati  Railroad,  and  on  the  Cleveland, 
iolurabus  <fe  Cincinnati  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Cincinnati, 
t  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  starch  and  tobacco. 
!  Lud'low's,  a  station  in  Fountain  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  In- 
jiana  North  &  South  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Veedersburg. 
!  LudMowville,  a  post-village  in  Lansing  township, 
fompkins  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Salmon  Creek,  and  near  Ludlow- 
jille  Station  on  the  Cayuga  Lake  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of 
[thaca,  and  about  1  mile  E.  of  Cayuga  Lake.  It  has  2 
lurches,  2  flour-mills,  and  a  spoke-factory.  Pop.  376. 
j  Lud'ville,  a  post-office  of  Pickens  co.,  Ga. 

Lud'wick,  a  borough  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  in 
lempfield  township,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  about 
8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pittsburg,  and  i  mile  from  Qrecnsburg. 
t  has  a  church,  2  planing-mills,  and  4  stores.  Pop.  533. 
Ludwigsburg,  lood'wigs-biirg  or  lood'^ias-booua^  a 
ity  of  WUrtemberg,  1  mile  W.  of  the  Neckar,  and  9  miles  by 
ail  N.  of  Stuttgart.  Pop.  14,709.  The  chief  edifice  is  its 
ast  palace,  one  of  the  finest  in  Germany,  with  a  gallery  of 
aintings  and  spacious  gardens.  It  has  several  churches, 
n  arsenal,  theatre,  military  school,  lyceum,  orphan  asylum, 
'orkhouse,  an  institution  for  poor  children,  a  cannon- 
)undry,  and  manufactures  of  woollen,  cotton,  and  linen 
ibrics,  earthenware,  buttons,  leather,  needles,  and  jewelry. 
Ludwig's  Canal,  Bavaria,  unites  the  Altmiihl  with 
10  Regnitz.     See  AltmCiil. 

Ludwigshafen,  lood'^^iGs-hl'f^n,  a  fortified  town  of 
■avaria,  on  the  Rhine,  opposite  Mannheim,  at  a  railway 
unction.     An  iron  railway  bridge  crosses  the  river  here, 
op.  12,093.     It  is  a  seat  of  commerce. 
1  Ludwigslust,  lood'*iGS-156st\  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
lecklenburg-Schwerin,  21  miles  E.  of  Schwerin,  on  the 
lamburg  &  Berlin  Railway.     Pop.  6005.     Its  fine  palace 
as,  till  1837,  the  usual  residence  of  the  grand  duke.     It 
[as  manufactures  of  cards,  papier-machfi,  and  tobacco. 
j  Ludwigstadt,  lood'*iGs-st&tt\  a  town  of  Bavaria,  39 
|iles  N.  of  Baireuth.     Pop.  1558. 
I  Luel'la,  a  post-office  of  Pocahontas  co.,  Iowa. 
Luella,  a  post-office  of  Cass  co.,  Neb. 
I  Luesia,  loo-d'se-^,  a  town  of  Spain,  Aragon,  60  miles 
om  Saragossa,  on  the  Arba  do  Luesia.     Pop.  1500. 
Luga,  Russia.    See  Looga. 

Lugagnano,  loo-gAn-yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  19  miles 
E.  of  Piacenza,  on  the  Arda.  Pop.  of  commune,  4341. 
Lugan,  Lugansk,  or  Lugansko^.  See  Loogan. 
Lugano,  loo-gi'no,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  one  of  the 
ree  capitals  of  the  canton  of  Ticino,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the 
fake  of  Lugano,  16  miles  S.  of  Bellinzona.  Pop.  6024.  It 
I  picturesquely  situated,  and  has  two  churches,  with  good 
ttintings,  a  large  theatre,  manufactures  of  silks,  leather, 
ndiron  goods,  and  various  printing-  and  bookselling-estab- 
bhments,  and  it  is  an  entrepSt  of  the  trade  between  Italy 
(id  Switzerland.  Near  it  are  numerous  grottos.  See 
jAGo  Di  Lugano. 

Luganskaia  Stanitza.  See  Looganskaia  Stanitza. 
Lu'gar,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  near  Auchin- 
ek.    It  has  iron-works.     Pop.  1379. 
Lugar  de  San  Juan,  Spain.    See  Palmar. 
Lugau,  loo'gow,  a  town  of  Saxony,  6  miles  E.  of  Lich- 
nstein,  with  quarries  and  coal-mines.     Pop.  2382. 
Lngde,  lo6g'd?h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  "Westphalia,  27 
lies  S.S.E.  of  Minden,  on  the  Emmer.     Pop.  2448.     It 
*8  paper-mills  and  mineral  springs. 
Lugdunum,  the  ancient  name  of  Ltons. 
Lugdunum  Batavorum,  Netherlands.   SeeLEVDEN. 
j  Jt^ugg,  a  river  of  England  and  Wales,  rises  in  the  co.  of 
j^dnor,  flows  E.S.E.  for  about  50  miles,  and  joins  the  Wye 
(miles  below  Hereford. 

Lughman,  lug'mln',  or  Lamghan,  llm^gin',  a  dis- 
lot  in  the  N.E.  of  Afghanistan,  lat.  34°  25'  to  35°  N., 
n.  70°  to  70°  40'  E. 


Lngny,  liin*yee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Sa8ne-et-Loire^ 
11  miles  N.  of  Macon.     Pop.  1330. 

Lugo,  loo'go,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  14  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Ravenna.  Pop.  24,895.  It  is  important  as  a 
place  of  trade,  and  has  a  large  annual  fair. 

Lugo,  loo'go  (anc.  Lu'cus  Anrjua'ti),  a  city  of  Spain, 
capital  of  the  province  of  Lugo,  on  the  Minho,  48  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Santiago.  Pop.  21,298.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls, 
and  has  a  large  square,  surrounded  by  arcades,  a  Gothic 
cathedral  of  the  twelfth  century,  and  manufactures  of 
leather  and  stockings.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Lugo,  a  province  of  Spain,  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
Atlantic,  between  Ion.  6°  52'  and  8°  4'  W.  Area,  3484 
square  miles.     Pop.  474,286.     Capital,  Lugo. 

Lngos,  loo'gosh\  a  town  of  Hungary,  capital  of  the  co. 
of  Krasso,  35  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Temesvar.  The  river 
Temes  divides  it  into  two  towns,  called  German  and  Wal- 
lachian  Lugos.  It  has  a  gymnasium  and  an  active  trade, 
and  is  the  see  of  Greek  and  Latin  bishops.     Pop.  8304. 

Lugrin,  loo-green',  a  village  of  France,  in  Savoy,  on 
the  S.  shore  of  the  Lake  of  Geneva.     Pop.  1529. 

Luguvallum,  or  Luguvallio.    See  Carlisle. 

LuhatschoAvitz,  loo^hit-sho'^its,  a  village  of  Mo- 
ravia, 14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Ilradisch.     Pop.  900. 

Luhu,  a  town  of  Celebes.     See  Loehoe. 

Luik,  or  Luikeland,  Belgium.    See  Liege. 

Lu'ing,  an  island  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Argyle,  on  its  W. 
coast,  separated  from  Seil  Island  on  the  N.  by  a  strait 
about  300  yards  in  width.     Length,  7i  miles.     Pop.  582. 

Luino,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Luvino. 

Luirbost,  or  Leurbost,  lur'b5st,  a  village  of  Scot- 
land, on  the  E.  coast  of  the  Isle  of  Lewis,  at  the  head  of 
Loch  Luirbost,  an  inlet  of  the  sea.     Pop.  537. 

Luis  de  la  Paz,  loo-ees'  dA,  Id,  pis,  a  town  of  Mexico, 
near  the  E.  frontiers  of  Guanajuato,  and  about  36  miles 
N.N.AV.  of  Queretaro,  with  productive  silver-mines. 

Luiz-Alves,  loo-ees'-Jl'vSs,  JManoel-Alves,  m9,-no- 
8r-S,l'v6s,  or  Meridional,  mi-re-de-o-nil',  a  river  of 
Brazil,  rises  in  the  Sierra  do  Duro,  province  of  Goyaz, 
and  joins  the  Tocantins  in  about  lat.  9°  20'  S.  Its  whola 
course  is  estimated  at  150  miles. 

Liijan,  or  Luxan,  loo-nin',  a  river  of  the  Argentine 
Republic,  joins  the  Plata  estuary  from  the  AV.,  23  miles 
N.W.  of  Buenos  Ayres. 

Lujan,  or  Luxan,  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Repub- 
lic, province  and  45  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Buenos  Ayres. 
Pop.  3393. 

Lujar,  or  Luxar,  loo-naR',  a  village  of  Spain,  Anda- 
lusia, 40  miles  from  Granada.     Pop.  1023. 

Luka,  loo'ki,  and  Lnkhoki,  loo-ko'kee,  two  towns 
of  the  Punjab,  between  the  Sutlej  and  Chenaub  Rivers,  on 
the  route  from  Ferozepoor  to  Mooltan. , 

Lukawetz,  loo'ki-*5ts,  or  Lukawice,  loo^kl-^eet'- 
si,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  4  miles  from  Reichenau.  Pop.  1200, 

Lukelingo,  a  town  of  Eastern  Africa.    See  Quiloa. 

Lukens,  Montgomery  co..  Pa.    See  West  Point. 

Lukfata,  liik-fa-tah',  a  post-village  of  the  Choctaw 
Nation,  Indian  Territory,  100  miles  from  Caddo  Station  on 
the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  It  has  3  churches 
and  an  academy. 

Lukhoki,  a  town  of  the  Punjab.    See  Luka. 

Lu-Kiang,  a  river  of  Thibet.    See  Loo-Kiano. 

Lukianow,  or  Lukojanow.    See  Lookianov. 

Lukin,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co..  111.     Pop.  1755. 

Lukisi,  lu-kee'see,  a  village  of  Greece,  in  Boeotia,  on 
the  Euripus,  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Thebes.  Near  it  are  ves- 
tiges of  the  ancient  Anthedon, 

Luk'kee^  Mountains,  a  considerable  range  in  Sinde, 
connected  with  the  Hala  Mountains  of  Beloochistan  ;  high- 
est parts,  about  1000  feet. 

Lnkkec,  Northern,  a  town  of  Sinde,  in  ruins,  10 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Shikarpoor. 

Lukkce,  Southern,  a  town  of  Sinde,  on  the  Indus, 
near  the  entrance  of  the  Lukkee  Pass,  S.  of  Sehwan. 

Lukov,  loo'kof,  a  town  of  Poland,  province  and  17 
miles  S.  of  Siedlec.     Pop.  3586,  comprising  many  Jews. 

Lula,  loo'ld,  or  Luvula,  loo-voo'14,  a  village  on  tho 
island  of  Sardinia,  division  of  Sassari.     Pop.  1518. 

Lu'la,  a  post-village  of  De  Soto  parish,  La.  It  has  a 
steam  saw-mill  and  a  store. 

Lula,  a  post-hamlet  of  Charlotte  co.,  Va.,  6  miles  S.  of 
Keysville  Station. 

Lu'iah,  or  LongView',  a  post-village  of  Banks  co., 
Ga.,  on  the  Atlanta  <k  Richmond  Air-Line  Railroad,  S  miles 
N.E.  of  Lulah  Junction.  It  has  2  churches  and  2  steam 
saw-mills. 

Lulah  (or  Lula)  Junction,  a  post-village  of  Hall  oo^ 


LUL 


1708 


LUN 


4».,  on  the  Atlanta  <l  Riohmond  Air-Line  Railroad,  where 
it  joins  the  Northeastern  Railroad,  60  miles  N.£.  of  Atlanta. 
It  has  2  churohos. 

Lu'laton,  a  post-ofBoe  of  Wayne  oo.,  G«.,  on  the  Bruns- 
wick &  Albany  Ituilroad. 

I<iile&«  lou'lo-0,  a  navigable  river  of  North  Sweden, 
IsBU  of  Norrbotten,  enters  the  Oulf  of  Bothnia  00  miles 
8.W.  of  TornoA,  after  a  S,  course  of  200  miles. 

Lulc&,  a  seaport  town  of  Sweden,  Icon  of  Norrbotten,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  LulcA-Elf  in  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia,  62  miles 
AV.S.W.  of  Torned.  The  town  has  a  good  harbor,  at  which 
some  trade  is  carried  on,  and  steamers  call  iu  passing  bo- 
twceh  Stockholm  and  Torne&.     Pop.  2702. 

Lu'ling,  a  post-otBco  of  St.  Charles  parish.  La.,  on  the 
Now  Orlouus  &  Texas  Railroad,  20  miles  W.  of  New  Or- 
leans. 

liUling,  a  post-village  of  Caldwell  oo.,  Tex.,  on  the  San 
Marcos  River,  and  on  the  Galveston,  Ilarrisburg  &  San  An- 
tonio Railroad,  71  miles  W.  of  Columbus,  and  11  miles  E. 
of  Kingsbury.  It  has  2  churches,  2  hotels,  an  academy,  a 
bank,  2  steam  grist-mills,  and  a  planing-mill.  P.  (1890)  17U2. 

JLulleeanay  l«il-loe-&'n&,  a  village  of  India,  20  miles 
S.  of  Lahore. 

fjullin,  lool-leen',  a  village  of  France,  in  Savoy,  10 
miles  from  Thonon.     Pop.  1094. 

LuPlutpoor',  or  Lalatpur,  liiriiit-poor',  a  town  of 
British  India,  capital  of  Lullutpoor  district,  63  miles  S.  of 
Jhanseo.     Pop.  9258. 

liiillutpoory  a  district  of  British  India,  in  Bundelcund, 
and  in  the  Jhanseo  division,  North-AVest  Provinces.  Area, 
1947  square  miles.     Capital,  Lullutpoor.     Pop.  212,661. 

Lull'worth  Cove,  England,  co.  of  Dorset,  a  deep  and 
narrow  inlet  of  the  sea,  16  miles  W.  of  Swanage,  surrounded 
by  lofty  cliffs,  with  21  feet  of  water  at  low  tide. 

XiU'iu,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.  Kansas,  12  miles 
N.E.  of  Beloit.     Pop.  of  Lulu  township,  323. 

Lulu,  a  post-office  of  Cabell  co.,  AV.  Va. 

Lumarso,  loo-mar.'so,  a  village  of  Italy,  proTinoe  of 
Genoa,  near  Cicagna.     Pop.  of  commune,  3173. 

liUm'bcr,  a  township  of  Cameron  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  674. 

Lum'ber  Bridge,  a  post-village  of  Robeson  co.,  N.C., 
in  Lumber  Bridge  township,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Fayette- 
ville.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1075. 

Lumber  City,  a  post-village  of  Telfair  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Ocmulgee  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Little  Ocmulgee,  and 
on  the  Macon  &  Brunswick  Railroad,  93  miles  S.E.  of 
Macon.     It  has  a  church,  3  stores,  and  a  trade  in  lumber. 

Lumber  City,  a  post-borough  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.,  in 
Penn  township,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna 
River,  about  34  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Altoona.  Pine  lumber 
is  jirocured  here.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  a  foun- 
dry, a  steam  saw-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Lum'bcrland,  a  township  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Delaware  River.  It  has  flagstone-quarries,  and  con- 
tains Mongaup  and  Pond  Eddy.     Pop.  1188. 

Lum'berport,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  Ten  Mile  Creek,  9  miles  N.  of  Clarksburg.  It  has  a 
church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Lum'ber  River,  North  Carolina,  forms  the  N.E. 
boundary  of  Richmond  co.,  and  runs  southeastward  through 
Robeson  co.  It  finally  flows  southwostward,  and  unites 
with  the  Little  Pedee  on  the  E.  border  of  Marion  co.,  S.C. 
It  is  nearly  140  miles  long. 

Lum'berton,  a  post-village  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J., 
in  Lumberton  township,  on  the  South  Branch  of  Rancocas 
Creek,  and  on  the  Mount  Holly  &  Medford  Branch  Railroad, 
2  miles  S.  of  Mount  Holly.  Sloops  can  ascend  the  creek 
to  this  place.  It  has  a  church  and  an  iron-foundry.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1799. 

Lumberton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Robeson  co., 
N.C.,  in  Lumberton  township,  on  or  near  the  Lumber  River, 
and  on  the  Carolina  Central  Railroad,  68  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Wilmington.  It  has  an  active  trade  in  pine  lumber  and 
turpentine,  4  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Pop.  615;  of  the  township,  1339. 

Lumberton,  a  post- village  in  Liberty  township,  Clin- 
ton CO.,  0.,  on  Anderson's  Fork,  8  miles  N.  of  Wilmington. 
It  has  a  lumber-mill  and  a  quarry  of  blue  limestone. 

Lum'berville,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  East  Branch  of  the  Delaware  River,  about  44  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Rondout.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Lnmberrille,  a  post- village  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  in  Sole- 
bury  township,  on  the  Delaware  River,  about  33  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a  bridge  over  the  river,  a 
ehurch,  a  lumber-mill,  2  basket-factories,  and  a  sash-  and 
door-factory.     Pop.  about  300. 

Lumber  Yard,  a  station  in  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 


Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  several  of  iu 
branches  in  the  Lehigh  coal  region,  Co  miles  N.W.  of 
Easton,  and  3  miles  S.W.  of  Eokley. 

Lumbior,  loom-bo-ain',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  KawrL 
22  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pamnlona.     Pop.  2000.  ^ 

Lumbrales,  loom-br&'l4s,  a  town  of  Spain,  prorine« 
and  48  miles  W.S.W.  of  Salamanca.     Pop.  2068. 

Lunibrcras,  loom-brA'rls,  a  town  of  Spain,  prorinot 
and  28  miles  S.  of  LogroRo.     Pop.  1300. 

Lumencha,  loo-niAn'ch&,  a  small  island  of  Spain  - 
the  Bay  of  Biscay,  at  the  entrance  of  the  port  of  Lc(iu. 

Lumezzane,  loo-mit-s4'ni,  two  contiguous  vii, 
of  Northern  Italy,  8  miles  N.  of  Brescia.    United  pop.  4UL'i. 

Luuifiurd,  Denmark.    See  Lym-Fiord. 

Lum'lcy,a  post-village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  on  tha 
River  aux  Sables,  13  miles  S.  of  Soaforth.     Pop.  200. 

Lummen,  Ittm'm^n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Lim- 
bourg,  8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Hasselt.     Pop.  1710. 

Lummi,  lam'm^,  a  post-office  of  Whatcom  co.,  Wash, 
ington. 

Lummi  River,  Washington,  a  large,  deep,  and  rapid 
river,  rises  in  the  Cascade  Range,  in  Whatcom  co.,  runs 
westward,  and  enters  Bellingham  Bay. 

Lum'misville,  a  post-office  of  VVayne  co.,  N.Y. 

Lump'kin,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Georgia,  bu  u 
area  of  about  267  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Ches- 
tatee  and  Etowah  Rivers,  which  rise  in  it  and  run  «outli. 
ward.  The  Blue  Ridge  extends  along  the  N.W.  bord.- 
The  surface  is  diversified  with  hills,  valleys,  and  foi 
The  soil  produces  Indian  corn,  &o.  Among  its  niin. 
are  gold,  granite,  and  iron  ore.  Capital,  Dahlonoga.  i-on. 
in  1870,  5101  ;  in  188U,  6.^26;  in  18y0,  6867. 

Lumpkin,  a  post-office  of  Butte  oo.,  Cal.,  about  25 
miles  N.E.  of  Oroville. 

Lumpkin,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Stewart  co,,  Ga., 
22  miles  N.  of  Cuthbert,  and  about  36  miles  S.S.E.  of  ' 
lumbus.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  newspaper  office,  5  cbiu 
a   masonic   female   college,  and  manufactures  of  Ik-m. 
buggies,  and  flour.     Pop.  778. 

Lumpkin's  Creek,  Georgia,  enters  Flint  River  in 
Dooly  CO. 

Lum's,  a  station  in  Madison  parish.  La.,  on  the  Vicki- 
burg,  Shreveport  &  Texas  Railroad,  15  miles  W.  of  Delta. 

Luna,  an  ancient  name  of  Loing. 

Luna,  loo'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  Aragon,  35  miles  from 
Saragossa.     Pop.  1482. 

Lunae  Portus.    See  Bay  of  Spezia. 

Lu'na  Land'ing,  a  post-village  of  Chicot  co..  Ark., 
on  the  Mi8sissi])pi  River,  25  miles  S.  of  Chicot  City.  It  has 
a  church.     Cotton  and  other  products  are  shipped  here. 

Lunas,  lil'nis',  a  village  of  France,  in  U6rault,  7niile« 
W.S.W.  of  LodSve.     Pop.  1303. 

Lunati,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Luxel. 

Lunawaura,  or  Lunawara,  loo'ni-wah'r^,  one  of 
the  native  Rewakanta  states  of  Guzerat,  India,  about  lat. 
22°  50'-23°  16'  N.,  Ion.  73°  21'-73°  47'  E.  It  is  under 
British  protection.     Area,  389  square  miles.     Pop.  74,813. 

Lunay,  lii'ni',  a  village  of  France,  in  Loir-et-Cher,  6 
miles  W.  of  VcndCme.     Pop.  1693. 

Lun'carty,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  3 J  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Perth,  noted  for  the  Danish  defeat  of  990. 

Lund,  loond,  a  city  of  Sweden,  lajn  of  Malmii,  in  an 
extensive  plain,  about  8  miles  from  the  Sound,  at  a  railway 
junction,  24  miles  E.  of  Copenhagen.  It  is  a  very  undent 
place,  and  in  pagan  times  had  risen  to  such  importance  ai 
to  collect  a  population  of  80,000.  It  was  then  surrounilcd 
with  wooden  fortifications,  and  had  its  warehouses  filled 
with  merchandise  and  treasures.  The  Scandinavian  mon- 
archs  were  elected  kings  of  Scania  on  a  hill  in  the  vicinity. 
Before  the  Reformation  it  contained  21  churches  and  6 
monasteries.  It  has  now  only  3  churches, — one  of  tLein  a 
cathedral,  a  large,  irregular  structure  of  very  ancient  date 
It  is  a  Luthemn  bishop's  see.  But  the  great  attraction  of 
Lund  is  its  university,  opened  in  1479,  occupying  the  build- 
ings of  an  old  castle,  and  possessed  of  a  library  of  100,000 
volumes  and  manuscripts,  an  observatory,  a  museum,  a  jihys- 
ical  cabinet,  ic,  and  attended  by  575  students.  Other  ob- 
jects deserving  of  notice  are  the  botanical  garden,  and  tbe 
Nosocomium,  or  infirmary.     Pop.  12,794. 

Lund,  land,  a  township  of  Clay  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  ISC- 
Lund,  a  township  of  Douglas  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  256.   1' 
contains  Lake  Christine  and  some  smaller  lakes. 

Lunden,  15on'd?n,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Holstein,  67 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Hamburg. 

Lnndenburg,  loon'd§n-b55RG\  BredslaAva,  brM- 
slJl'^i,  or  BraczlaAV,  brJts'liv,  a  town  of  Moravia,  5« 
miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Briinn,  on  the  Taja.    Pop.  3673. 


LUN 


1709 


LUR 


Land's,  a  station  in  Du  Page  co.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago, 
Arlington  &  Quiney  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Aurora. 
Luiulye,  lunVir,  a  river  of  India,  and  a  principal  trib- 
kiry  of  the  Cabool  River,  which  it  joins  from  the  N.,  12 
tics  N.N.E.  of  Peshawer. 

IliUii'dy  Isle,  England,  co.  of  Devon,  in  the  entrance 
'  the  Bristol  Channel,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Hartland  Point, 
•ea,  920  acres.  It  is  defended  by  a  lofty  rampart  of  rocks, 
cent  at  one  narrow  opening  on  its  E.  side.  Ithasalight- 
iuse.  It  was  anciently  a  stronghold  of  pirates.  Pop.  144. 
iLun'dy's  Lane,  or  Wells'burg,  a  post-village  of 
[io  CO.,  Pa.,  in  Elk  Creek  township,  2  miles  E.  of  Albion, 
d  about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Erie  City.  The  name  of  its 
st-office  is  Lundy's  Lane.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy, 
pour-mill,  a  tannery,  and  several  saw-mills. 
SiUiidy's  Lane,  a  locality  near  Drummondville,  Onta- 
h^thc  scene  of  a  severe  battle  and  British  defeat  in  1814. 
jLune,  a  river  of  England,  enters  the  Irish  Sea  at  Sun- 
irland  Point  by  a  broad  estuary.  Length,  60  miles.  It 
jnavigablo  for  largo  vessels  to  Lancaster. 
JLiineburg,  lu'neh-burg  or  lU'neh-bo5RG\  a  town  of 
j'ussia,  in  Hanover,  capital  of  a  landdrostci,  on  the  left  bank 
[the  Ilraenau,  at  the  junction  of  several  railwaj's,  68  miles 
I.N.E.  of  Hanover.  Pop.  17,5-32.  It  communicates  across 
|e  river  by  7  bridges,  and  has  several  squares,  but  is  in  gen- 
al  ill  built  and  old-fashioned.  It  has  an  extensive  library, 
castle,  arsenal,  town  hall,  theatre,  gymnasium,  military 
ladeiiiy,  hospitals,  and  several  benevolent,  educational, 
id  literary  institutions.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen, 
aen,  and  cotton  stuffs,  and  soap,  and  an  active  transit  trade 
kween  Hamburg  and  the  interior  of  Germany. 
iLilneburg,  a  district  or  landdrostei  of  Prussia,  forming 
i.o  E.  portion  of  Hanover.  Aifa,  4488  square  miles.  It 
I  a  sandy  plain,  with  much  heath  and  some  forest  land. 
|ierc  are  tracts  of  excellent  ground,  and  the  waste  lands 
ford  pasturage  for  cattle,  sheep,  and  bees,  which  last  are 
irgely  kept.  Capital,  Luneburg.  Pop.  386,714. 
[Lunel,  lii'ndl' (anc.  Lunati  ?),  a  town  of  France,  in 
:«5rault,  at  a  railway  junction,  14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mont- 
(llier,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Yidourle,  and  on  the  Canal 
!  Lunel,  It  has  a  communal  college,  numerous  brandy- 
jstilleries,  .and  an  active  trade  in  wine  and  raisins.  In  the 
!nth  century  Lunel  was  a  place  of  strength,  and  almost 
[tirely  inhabited  by  Jews,  whose  celebrated  rabbi  Sol- 
fion  Jarchi  had  here  a  famous  synagogue.  Its  fortiflca- 
bns  were  razed  in  1632  by  Cardinal  Richelieu.  P.  8024. 
Liinen,  lii'n^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  Westphalia,  28  miles 
:.W,  of  Arnsberg,  on  the  Lippc.  Pop.  3134.  It  has 
'anufactures  of  tobacco  and  woollen. 

ILu'uenburg,  a  county  in  theS.B.  of  Virginia,  having 
le  river  Kottoway  on  the  N.  and  the  Meherrin  on  the  S. 
rea,  429  square  miles.  It  is  fertile,  with  an  undulating 
bface.  Wheat,  maize,  oats,  and  tobacco  are  leading 
roducts.  The  S.AV.  corner  is  intersected  by  the  Richmond 
!  Danville  Railroad.  Capital,  Luqenberg  Court-House. 
bp.  in  1870,  10,403;  in  1880,  ll,a3o;  in  1890,  11,372. 
[Lunenburg;,  a  post-hamlet  of  Izard  co.,  Ark.,  7  miles 
L  of  White  River,  and  about  5  miles  S.  of  Melbourne.  It 
Ls  2  churches. 

Lunenburg,  a  post-village  in  Lunenburg  township, 
l^orcester  co.,  Mass.,  4i  miles  E.  of  Fitchburg,  and  42 
!«les  W.N.W.  of  Boston.  It  has  2  churches.  The  town- 
lip  has  a  station  (Lunenburg)  on  the  Fitchburg  Railroad, 
bp,  of  the  township,  1153. 

Lunenburg,  a  post-village  in  Lunenburg  township, 
isex  CO.,  Vt.,  about  84  miles  E.  of  Burlington,  and  2i 
lies  from  Lunenburg  Station.  It  has  3  churches,  and 
Imufactures  of  lumber  and  starch.  The  township  is 
jjunded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Connecticut  River,  and  has  a 
Jp.  of  999.  Lunenburg  Station  on  the  AVhite  Mountains 
'lulroad  is  on  the  New  Hampshire  side  of  the  river,  about 
feniles  S.  by  W.  of  Lancaster. 
[Lunenburg,  a  county  of  Nova  Scotia, bordered  on  the 

I  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean.     Area,  1115  square  miles.     The 

II  is  good,  and  the  climate  very  fine.  The  inhabitants, 
j.iefiy  of  German  extraction,  are  engaged  in  farming  and 
|hing.     Capital,  Lunenburg.     Pop.  23,834. 

Lunenburg,  a  post-village  in  Stormont  co.,  Ontario,  4 
jiles  N.  of  Dickinson's  Landing.  It  contains  5  stores  and 
11  iron-foundry.     Pop.  250. 

ILuncnburg,  or  Mal^aguash',  a  seaport  town  of 
|ova  Scotia,  capital  of  Lunenburg  co.,  on  a  fine  bay  of  its 
irn  name  opening  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  68  miles  W.S.W. 
(  Halifax.  The  harbor  affords  good  anchorage,  and  at  its 
itrance  are  2  light-houses.  Lunenburg  owns  a  large  fleet  of 
jissels,  fitted  out  for  the  fishery  on  the  coast  of  Labrador. 
j  large  trade  is  done  with  the  West  Indies.    The  town 


contains,  besides  the  county  buildings,  about  15  stores^ 
3  hotels,  several  mills  and  ship-yards,  <fec.     Pop.  1500. 

Lunenburg  Court-House, or  Lew'iston,a  post- 
village,  capital  of  Lunenburg  co.,  Va.,  about  60  milea 
(direct)  S.W.  of  Richmond.     It  has  2  churches. 

Lunevilie,  lu'ne-vil  or  lil*nd,*vecl'  (anc.  Mortanat),  a 
town  of  France,  department  of  Meurthe-et-Moselle,  near  tho 
junction  of  the  Vezousewith  the  Meurthc,  22  miles  by  rail 
E.S.E.  of  Nancy.  It  has  generally  straight  streets  and  regu- 
lar buildings,  a  modern  and  handsome  church,  and  a  palace 
built  by  Leopold,  Duke  of  Lorraine,  and  subsequently  em- 
bellished and  occupied  by  Stanislaus,  ex-king  of  Poland. 
It  has  manufactures  of  cotton  and  worsted  goods,  em- 
broidery, hosiery,  leather,  gloves,  pottery,  &c,  Tho  trade 
is  in  wine,  brandy,  hemp,  grain,  flax,  wood,  and  embroidery. 
Lun6ville  possesses  a  court  of  first  resort  and  a  communal 
college,  and  is  one  of  the  largest  cavalry  stations  in  France, 
having  very  extensive  barracks.     Pop.  15,878. 

Lun'ga,  an  islet  off  the  W.  coast  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Argyle,  i  mile  N.  of  Soarba.  The  strait  between  these 
islands  is  remarkable  for  the  violence  of  its  current. 

Lunga,  an  island  in  the  Adriatic.    See  Isola  Gkossa. 

Lu-Ngan,  a  city  of  China.     See  Loo-Ngan. 

Lungern,  loon'gh^rn,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
of  Untcrwalden,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Sarnen.  Pop.  1541.  It 
is  near  the  Lake  of  Lungern,  in  part  drained  by  a  tunnel. 

Lung-Kiang,  lung^-ke-4ng'  or  loong^-kc-4ng',  a  river 
of  China,  province  of  Quang-See,  after  a  tortuous  S.E. 
course  of  300  miles,  joins  the  Hong-Kiang. 

Lungro,  loon'gro,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Cosenza, 
6  miles  S.W.  of  Castrovillari.     Pop.  6724. 

Lungwitz,  loong'ftits  (Upper),  a  village  of  Saxony/ 
10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chemnitz.     Pop.  4725. 

Luni,  loo'nee  (anc.  Ln'na  f),  a  ruined  city  of  Northern 
Italy,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Sarzana. 

Lu'ni,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wright  co.,  Iowa,  on  Boonei 
River,  about  22  miles  S.E.  of  Algona. 

Lunn's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  oo.,  Tenn. 

Lunzcnau,  16ont's?h-now\  a  town  of  Saxony,  on  the 
Muldo,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Chemnitz.     Pop.  3098. 

Lupia,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Lecce. 

Lupsa,  loop'shSh*,  a  town  of  Transylvania,  27  miles 
N.W.  of  Karlsburg.     It  has  5  Greek  churches.     Pop.  2474. 

Luque,  loo'ki,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  30  miles 
S.E.  of  Cordova.     Pop.  3964. 

Lu'ra,  a  post-office  of  Russell  co.,  Kansas,  16  miles  N, 
of  Bunker  Hill. 

Lura,  a  township  of  Faribault  co.,  Minn.  Pop.  724. 
See  Lyra. 

Lurago,  loo-ri'go,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Como, 
6  miles  S.  of  Erba.     Pop.  1243. 

Luras,  loo'ris,  or  Lauras,  low'ris,  a  village  of  Italy, 
on  the  island  of  Sardinia,  N.E.  of  Tempio.     Pop.  2015. 

Lurate-Abate,  loo-ri'tA-i-bi'tA,  a  village  of  Italy, 
in  Milan,  9  miles  E.  of  Como.     Pop.  of  commune,  2846. 

Lu'raville,  a  post-village  of  Suwanee  co.,  Fla.,  15 
miles  (direct)  S.W.  of  Live  Oak.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Luray,  lu-ra',  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  Ind.,  about 

9  miles  S.  of  Muncie. 

Luray,  a  post-village  of  Clark  co.,  Mo.,  24  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Alexandria.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  saw-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  246. 

Luray,  a  post-village  and  pleasure  resort,  the  capital 
of  Page  CO.,  Va.,  in  a  fertile  valley  bounded  on  the  S.B. 
by  the  Blue  Ridge,  about  90  miles  (direct)  N.W.  of  Rich- 
mond, and  61  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Charleston,  W.  Va. 
It  has  8  churches,  3  academies,  a  flouring-mill,  a  tan- 
nery, and  3  newspaper  offices.  Here  are  the  famous  Luray 
Caverns.     Pop.  in  1890,  2809. 

Lurcy  le  JBourg,  liiE^see'  l^h  booR,  a  town  of  France, 
In  Nievre,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Cosne.     Pop.  1205. 

Lurcy  Levy,  liiu^see'  I^h-vee',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Allier,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Moulins.     Pop.  1665. 

Lure,  liiK  (anc.  Lutera  f),  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute- 
Sft6ne,  capital  of  an  arrondissement,  on  the  Ognon,  16  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Vesoul.  Pop.  3869.  It  has  a  communal  college, 
tanneries,  foundries,  and  manufactures  of  cotton  goods  and 
fire-engines. 

Lur'gan,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  15  miles  by  rail 
E.N.E.  of  Armagh.  Pop.  10,632.  It  has  a  handsome  parish 
church,  a  Roman  Catholic  chapel,  court-house,  bridewell, 
workhouse,  3  branch  banks,  and  extensive  manufactures  of' 
linens  and  muslins. 

Lur'gan,  a  township  of  Franklin  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1326. 

Lur'gan,  or  Al'ma,  also  called  Pine  River,  a  post, 
village  in  Bruce  co.,  Ontario,  22  miles  N.  of  Goderich,  and 

10  miles  S.W.  of  Kincardine.    Pop.  100. 


LUR 


1710 


LUX 


Lnri,  loo'res,  a  market-town  of  Cloraioa,  13  miles  N.  of 
Bastia.     Pop.  1194. 

JLuristan*  a  district  of  Persia.    Soe  LooniSTAic. 

Lnr'ky*  a  township  of  Sampson  oo.,  N.C.     Pop.  1167. 

LurO)  loo'ro,  a  river  and  siiiull  town  of  European  Tur- 
key. The  rivor  enters  the  Gulf  of  Artn,  after  a  S.  course 
of  40  miles.    The  town  is  0  miles  above  its  mouth. 

liUrroO)  lar'roo,  or  DurroOy  dar'roo,  a  town  of  Cash- 
more,  8  miles  S.  of  Islamabad. 

I>U8,  a  province  of  fioloocbistan.    See  Loos. 

Lusatiu,  lu-sd'sho-^  (Gcr.  Luiiiilx,  lOw'tits;  Fr.  Zu- 
•Mc«,  lii'z&jd'),  an  ancient  territory  of  Germany,  divided 
into  the  ujargraviates  of  Upper  Lusatia  (Ober  Lausitz)  and 
Lower  Lusatia  (Niedor  Lausitz),  and  bounded  on  the  S.  by 
Bohemia,  to  which  the  whole  of  it  orij^inally  belunged.  It 
afterwards  full  to  Saxony,  and  remained  with  it  till  1815, 
when  Prussia  received  the  whole  of  Nicder  Lausitz.  The 
province  of  Bautzen,  in  the  kingdom  of  Saxony,  is  a  part 
of  Upper  Lusatia. 

Lus'by's  Mill,  a  post-hamlct  of  Owen  co.,  Ky.,  on 
Euglo  Creek,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Sparta.     It  has  a  church. 

Luschan,  luiish'iln,  or  Luzan,  loo'z&n,  a  village  of 
Bohemia,  8  miles  from  Gitschin.     Pup.  1150. 

liusche,  loosh'fh,  or  Luze,  loo'zk,  a  town  of  Bohemia, 
10  wiles  from  Ilohenmauth.     Pop.  15U0. 

Lusdorf,  loos'doRf,  or  Lustorf,  loos'toRf,  a  village  of 
Bohemia,  near  Friedland.     Pop.  1100. 

Liiserna,  loo-s^R'n^,  a  village  of  Italy,  8  miles  S.W. 
of  Pinerolo.  Pop.  3796.  Bobdio  di  Luserxa,  bob'be-o  dee 
loo-sdit'n4,  is  a  village  contiguous  to  the  above.     Pop.  1576. 

Lnsignan,  lu^zcen^y6N<>'  (&no.  Lutinianumf),  a  town 
of  France,  in  Vienne,  on  the  Vonne,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Poi- 
tiers. Pop.  1332.  Here  originated  the  Lusignan  family, 
sovereigns  of  Jerusalem  and  Cyprus  during  the  crusades. 

LiUsigny,  lii^zeen^yee'  (h.Lusigneiumf),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Aube,  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  troyes.     Pop.  1156. 

Lusitania,  the  ancient  name  of  Portugal. 

Lusk,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Dublin,  3  miles  W. 
of  Rush.     Pop.  571. 

Lusk,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pope  co.,  111.,  about  8  miles  N. 
of  Golconda.     It  has  a  church. 

Lnsk's  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Parke  co.,  Ind., 
about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Crawfordsville.  It  has  a  tannery. 
Here  is  a  picturesque  ravine. 

liussac,  lUs^s&k',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gironde,  24 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  2640. 

Lussac  les  Ch&teaux,  lUs'sJlk'  li  sh^Hu',  a  town  of 
France,  Vienne,  7  miles  W.  of  Montmorillon.     Pop.  2099. 

Lussac  les  £§:lises,  lUs^s&k'  \kz  ^'glccz',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Haute- Vienne,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bellac. 

Lussiii,  Lussin  Grande,  and  Lussin  Piccolo, 
Dalmatia.     See  Lossini. 

Lustenau,  loos't^h-nSw^  or  Lustnau,  Idost'nuw,  a 
village  of  Austria,  Tyrol,  on  the  Rhine,  7  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Bregenz.     Pop.  3903. 

Lustnau,  loiJst'nSw,  a  village  of  WUrtemberg,  about  1 
mile  E.N.E.  of  Tiibingen,  on  the  Neckar.     Pop.  1401. 

Lustorf,  in  Bohemia.     See  Lusdoup. 

Liitcnburg,  lii't^n-boono',  a  town  of  Ilolstein,  58  miles 
N.E.  of  Gluckstadt,  2  miles  from  the  Baltic.     Pop.  2385. 

Lutera,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Lure. 

Lutesville,  loots'vil,  a  post-village  of  Bollinger  co., 
Mo.,  in  Lonince  township,  near  Crooked  Creek,  and  on  the 
St.  Louis  &,  Iron  Mountain  Railroad,  134  miles  S.  of  St. 
Louis.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  church,  a  stivvo-factory, 
and  a  school-house.     Iron  ore  and  kaolin  are  found  here. 

Lutetia,  an  ancient  name  of  Paris. 

Luteva,  a  town  of  France.    See  Lod^ve. 

Lu'ther,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co.,  Ga. 

Ln'theranvilie,  a  hamlet  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Summit  township,  about  4  miles  from  East  Worcester  Station. 
It  has  a  church. 

Luthermuir,  lu'th^r-mure,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co. 
of  Kincardine,  6J  miles  N.N.E.  of  Brechin.     Pop.  654. 

Lu'thersburg,  a  post-village  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Brady  township,  20  miles  W.  of  Clearfield.  It  has  2  churches. 

Lu'ther's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co..  Pa., 
in  Burlington  township,  8  miles  W.  of  Towanda.  It  has  a 
church,  a  grist-mill,  and  about  20  families. 

Lu'ther's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Marengo  co.,  Ala. 

Lu'thersviile,  a  post-village  of  Meriwether  co.,  Ga., 
about  46  miles  S.S.W.  of  Atlanta.     It  has  2  churches. 

Lu'therville,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Baltimore. 
It  contains  the  Lutherville  Female  Seminary  and  3  churches. 
Pop.  382. 

Lutomierz,  Ioo-to'me-aiRz\  or  Lutomirsk,  loo-to- 


meensk',  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  government  of  Kallm 
on  the  Ner,  27  miles  N.E.  of  Sieradz.     Pop.  2207. 

Lu'ton,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  and  19  miles  S.E.  of 
Bedford,  on  the  Lea,  at  a  railway  junction.  It  is  pleai. 
antly  situated  between  ranges  of  the  Chiltorn  Ilillj.  it  \^^^ 
a  fine  Gothic  church,  a  national  school,  great  pluit  halls  fur 
the  sale  of  straw  goods,  a  hospital,  workhouMo,  market- 
house,  and  manufactures  of  straw  hats,  machinery,  and 
farm-implements.     Pop.  17,317. 

Luton,  or  Ccntreville,  a  post-village  in  Elgin  ou. 
Ontario,  44  miles  from  Aylmer.  It  contains  a  store  and  % 
grist-  and  saw-mill.     Pop.  100. 

Lutry,  lUHrce',  a  town  of  Switzerland,  in  Vnud,  on  the 
Lake  of  Geneva,  3  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lausanne.    Pop.  220-1. 

LUtschinc,  liit-shee'nd,  a  river  of  Switzerland,  canton 
of  Bern,  formed  by  the  torrent  White  Liitscliine  and  the 
Block  LUtschino.     It  falls  into  the  Lake  of  Urienz. 

Lutsch,  Langek,  l&ng'^n  loutsh,  a  village  of  Austria, 
Moravia,  circle  of  Olmutz,  near  Triibau.     Pop.  2600, 

Luttabund,  liitH&-bQnd',  a  pass  in  Afghanistan,  near 
Cabool.     Lat.  34°  21'  N. ;  Ion.  69°  28'  E.     Length,  fi  miles. 

Lutter,  or  Lutter-ani-I{arenber{;e,  ioO'tfr-im- 
b&'r^n-bdK^ghQh,  a  town  of  Germany,  duchy  and  23  mile* 
S.S.W.  of  Brunswick.  Pop.  1160.  Here,  in  1C26,  Tilly 
defeated  Christian  IV.  of  Denmark. 

Lutterbach,  ICot't^r-biK*,  a  village  of  Germany,  Al- 
sace, 15  miles  N.  of  Altkirch,  on  an  island  formed  by  tb* 
DoUeren.     Pop.  1977. 

Lut'tcrworth,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  14  miloi 
S.S.W.  of  Leicester.  The  town,  on  the  Swift,  has  a  hand- 
some church,  containing  a  part  of  the  pulpit  and  a  portrait 
of  Wycliffe,  who  died  here  in  1384.     Pop.  of  parish,  2080. 

Liittich,  a  town  of  Belgium.    See  Liege. 

Liittringhausen,  lUt'tring-bQw'z^n,  a  town  of  Rhen- 
ish Prussia,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Dusseldorf,  on  a  railway.  It 
has  manufactures  of  cottons,  cassimeres,  hardware,  Ao. 
Pop.  9471. 

Liitzelburg,  a  German  name  for  LuxEUBuno. 

Lutzen,  luut'z^n,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  9  milu 
S.E.  of  Merseburg.  Pop.  2875.  It  is  memorable  for  the 
battle  of  6th  of  November,  1632,  in  which  Gustavus  AJoU 
phus  defeated  the  Austrians  and  lost  his  life ;  and  for  thit 
of  2d  of  May,  1813,  between  the  French  and  the  allied  Rus- 
sian and  Prussian  forces,  in  which  the  latter  were  defeated. 

Lutzk,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland.    See  Lootsk. 

Lutz'ville,  a  station  in  Bedford  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Bedford 
Extension  of  the  Huntingdon  &  Broad  Top  Railroad,  5  milei 
E.  of  Bedford. 

Luverne,  loo-vem',  a  post-village,  capital  of  Rock  co., 
Minn.,  in  Luverne  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Sioux  City 
&  St.  Paul  Railroad,  and  on  or  near  Rock  Rivor,  32  milei 
W.  of  Worthington,  and  124  miles  W.S.W.  of  Mankato. 
It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  money-order  post-office,  and 
about  50  houses.     Pop.  in  1880.  679;  in  1890,  1466. 

Luvino,  loo-vee'i^,  or  Luino,  loo-ee'no,  a  town  of 
Italy,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Como,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Lag* 
Maggiore.     Pop.  2638. 

Luvula,  Sardinia.    See  Lula. 

Luxan,  Argentine  Republic.    See  Lujax. 

Lux^apatil'la  (or  Loo^sapatilMa)  Creek  draini 
part  of  Fayette  co.,  Ala.,  and  runs  nearly  westward  through 
Lamar  co.  into  Mississippi.  It  enters  the  Torabigbce  Rivor 
about  3  miles  below  Columbus.    It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Lux^apcli'la,  a  post-village  of  Lowndes  co..  Miss.,  9 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Columbus,  on  a  stream  of  its  own  name, 
which  affords  abundant  water-power.  It  has  2  artesian 
wells,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Luxar,  a  village  of  Spain.    See  Lujau. 

Luxembourg  (Fr.  pron.  IUx'6M'booR'),  or  Lux'em- 
burg,  a  province  of  Belgium,  bounded  N.  by  the  province 
of  Liege,  E.  by  the  duchy  of  Luxemburg,  S.  by  France,  and 
W.  by  the  province  of  Namur.  Area,  1706  square  miles.  It 
is  divided  into  five  arrondissements, — Arlon  (the  capital), 
Bustogne,  Marche,  Neufchateau,  and  Virion,  subdivided  inM 
20  civil  and  15  military  cantons.  Pop.  in  1890,  216,380,  the 
large  majority  of  whom  speak  French  or  Walloon. 

Lux'emburg  (Dutch  pron.  lux'§m-buRg'),  a  town  of 
Europe,  capital  of  the  grand  duchy  of  Luxemburg,  at  & 
railway  junction,  115  miles  W.S.W.  of  Frankfort,  and  117 
miles  S.E.  of  Brussels.  Its  natural  position  is  so  strong, 
and  the  different  powers  into  whose  hands  it  has  fallen  diJ 
so  much  to  extend  and  improve  its  means  of  defence,  that 
Carnot  pronounced  it  to  be  the  strongest  place  in  Europe, 
after  Gibraltar;  but  its  defences  have  been  dismantled.  It 
is  divided  into  a  low  and  a  high  town.  The  former  lie* 
along  the  banks  of  the  Alzetto,  is  surrounded  with  walls. 
and  consists  of  two  quarters,  called  the  Grindel  and  I'faffen- 


LUX 


1711 


LYC 


jal.  The  latter  stands  200  feet  higher,  on  a  steep  and 
jarped  rock,  and  is  approached  from  below  by  flights  of 
eps  and  zigzag  streets  cut  out  of  the  solid  rock,  so  as  to 
a  passable  for  a  carriage.  The  whole  rock  is  surrounded 
y  a  strong  wall,  deep  ditches,  and  a  double  row  of  formi- 
ible  outworks.  The  most  remarkable  part  of  the  fortifica- 
!ons,  called  Le  Bouc,  consists  of  a  rocky  promontory,  which 
smmands  the  valley  both  above  and  below.  The  whole 
fwn  is  well  built,  and  contains  3  good  public  squares, 
!  churches,  3  chapels,  a  synagogue,  town  houses  old  and 

Ibw,  the  governor's  house,  town  library,  monasteries  of  the 
wminicans  and  Franciscans,  an  athenieum  with  16  pro- 
ssors,  a  Roman  Catholic  seminary  for  priests,  and  a  nor- 
mal school.  It  has  manufactures  of  wax,  distilleries,  and 
eweries,  tanneries  for  chamois  as  well  as  ordinary  leather, 
e-works,  &c.,  and  a  trade  in  gold  and  silver  wares,  paper, 
)n,  honey,  wine,  vinegar,  wood,  china,  hats,  hosiery,  <tc. 
luxemburg  is  the  see  of  a  bishop,  and,  during  part  of  the 
|>ar,  the  residence  of  the  leading  families  of  the  grand 
iichy.     Pop.  15,930. 

(Luxemburg,  Grand  Duchy  of,  a  territory  belonging 
I  the  Dutch  monarch,  and  formerly  a  state  of  the  Uer- 
an  Confederation,  bounded  N.  and  E.  by  Rhenish  Prus- 
p,  S.  by  France,  and  AV.  by  Belgium.  Area,  1592  square 
jiles.  It  forms  part  of  the  plateau  of  the  Ardennes, 
hd  has  a  rugged  and  mountainous  surface,  covered  in 
lany  parts  with  heaths  and  morasses,  though  in  general 
jell  wooded.  Its  drainage  belongs  almost  entirely  to  the 
{isin  of  the  Moselle.  Luxemburg  was  first  governed  by 
|)unts.  In  1354  it  was  erected  into  a  duchy  by  Charles 
K'.,  and  in  1443  came  by  marriage  to  Philip  of  Burgundy, 
ad  through  him  to  the  house  of  Spain.  By  the  peace  of 
16  Pyrenees,  in  1659,  part  of  it  was  ceded  to  the  French, 
ad  took  the  name  of  French  Luxemburg;  but  in  1714  it 
jl  merged  in  the  house  of  Austria.  In  1814  it  was  con- 
(jrted  into  .i  grand  duchy  and  given  to  the  King  of  the 
etherlands,  who  possessed  it  till  1830,  when,  in  conse- 
acnce  of  the  revolution,  part  of  it  became  a  Belgian  prov- 
Jce,  the  remainder  continuing  with  the  Dutch  king  as 
fand  duke;  but  it  forms  no  part  of  the  kingdom  of  the 
Ktherlands.  It  still  retains  its  connection  with  the  Ger- 
an  Zollverein.  Nearly  all  its  people  are  German-speak- 
g  Catholics.  The  neutrality  of  the  country  in  war  is 
fiaranteed  by  the  great  powers.  Capital,  Luxemburg, 
bp.  in  1880,  209,570;  in  1890,  211,088. 
Lux'emburg,  a  post-township  of  Steams  cc,  Minn., 
|«out  10  miles  S.  by_  W.  of  St.  Cloud.  Pop.  339. 
[Luxeuil,  liix^ui',  or  Luxen  (anc.  Luxo'vium),  a  town 
I  France,  in  Haute-SaSne,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Lure,  at  the 
pt  of  the  Vosges  Mountains.  Its  warm  and  cold  mineral 
Iths,  known  to  the  Romans,  are  much  frequented,  and  it 
|s  manufactures  of  paper,  hardware,  cutlery,  leather,  hats, 
L     Pop.  4047.  >  ^>  >         > 

iLuxor,  loox'or^  or  liix'or\  written  liOuqsor  by  the 
rench  (Arab.  El  Kmr,  "the  palaces"),  a  village  of  Upper 
[;ypt,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Nile,  li  miles  S.  of 
jxrnak,  on  a  portion  of  the  site  of  ancient  Thebes,  and 
Iving  one  of  the  most  magnificent  ancient  temples  extant. 
iLuyk,  or  Luykerland,  Belgium.  See  Liege. 
.Luynes,  loo^een',  a  town  of  France,  in  Indre-et-Loire, 
miles  W.  of  Tours.  Pop.  of  commune,  2047.  Some  of  the 
uses  are  excavated  in  the  limestone  rock,  on  which  stands 
[  old  castle,  formerly  fortified. 

iLuz,  liiz,  a  town  of  France,  in  Hautes-PyrSnees,  at  the 
|)t  of  a  lofty  mountain,  called  the  Pic  de  Bergons,  32  miles 
I  of  Tarbcs.     It  has  manufactures  of  mixed  silk  and  wool- 
ji  stuff  called  barege.     Near  it  are  the  thermal  baths  of 
int-Sauveur.     Pop.  1671. 
(Luza,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Looza. 
|Luzan,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Luschan. 
jLuzarches,  lU^zaRsh',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-et- 
pe,  arrondissement  of  Pontoise.     Pop.  1470. 
|Luze,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Lusche. 
[Luzech,  lu'zSsh',  a  town  of  France,  in  Lot,  8  miles 
f.N.W.  of  Cahors.     Pop.  2229. 
iliuzern,  a  canton  of  Switzerland.    See  Lucerne. 
Luzerne,  lu-zem',  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Penn- 
Ivania,  has  an  area  of  about  920  square  miles.     It  is  in- 
■sected  by  the  North  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River, 
d  is  also  drained  by  the  Lehigh  River  and  Nescopeck 
eek.    The  surface  is  diversified  with  beautiful  scenery, 
d  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  hickory, 
le,  4c.     Among  its  remarkable  features  is  the  long,  rich, 
d  beautiful  valley  of  Wyoming,  which  is  bounded  on  the 
S.  by  a  high  ridge,  called  Wyoming  or  Moosic  Moun- 
0.    This  ridge  extends  nearly  through  the  middle  of 
3  county,  in  a  N.E.  and  S.W.  direction.    The  soil  of  the 


valleys  is  fertile.  The  staple  products  are  hay,  butter, 
lumber,  oats,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  cattle,  and  coal,  which  is 
the  chief  article  of  export.  The  coal  is  mostly  obtained  in 
the  valleys  of  Wyoming  and  Lackawanna.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  the  Lehigh  Val- 
ley Railroad,  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  the  Dela- 
ware &  Hudson  Canal  Company  Railroad,  and  the  Delaware, 
Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  which  centre  at  Wilkes- 
barre,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  160,915 ;  in  1880,  133,065  ; 
in  1890,  201,203. 

Luzerne,  a  post-village  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa,  in  Le  Roy 
township,  on  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  30  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Cedar  Rapids.  It  has  a  church,  lumber-  and 
flour-mills,  and  general  stores.     Pop.  275. 

Luzerne,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Warren 
co.,'N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River,  opposite  Hadley  Station 
on  the  Adirondack  Railroad,  22  miles  N.  of  Saratoga 
Springs.     It  has  3  hotels  and  4  churches.     Pop.  450. 

Luzerne,  a  post-borough  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  8  miles 
by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Lackawanna  Junction.  It  has  3 
churches,  2  drill-factories,  and  4  flour-  and  feed-mills. 
Pop.  2398. 

Luzk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Lootsk. 

Luzon,  loo-zon',  or  Lu9on  (Sp.  pron.  of  both,  loo- 
thon'),  an  island  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  the  largest  of 
the  Philippines,  between  the  Chinese  Sea  on  the  AV.  and 
the  North  Pacific  Ocean  on  the  E.,  between  lat.  12°  30'  and 
18°  40'  N.,  Ion.  119°  45'  and  124°  10'  E.  Its  greatest 
length  is  about  550  miles ;  its  greatest  breadth  about  130 
miles;  but  where  its  N.  and  S.  portions  are  united  by  a 
narrow  isthmus  it  diminishes  to  10  miles.  Area,  57,505 
square  miles.  The  northern  portion  of  the  island,  consti- 
tuting at  least  four-fifths  of  the  whole,  is  of  an  oblong 
shape  and  tolerably  compact;  the  S.E.  portion  is  extremely 
irregular.  Its  surface  is  very  much  diversified,  but  its 
most  prominent  features  are  two  mountain-chains, — the 
Sierra  Madre  and  the  Cordillera  de  Caravallos.  The  Sierra 
Madre  attains  a  height  of  at  least  7000  feet;  the  Cordillera 
de  Caravallos,  or  E.  chain,  attains  in  the  N.  a  height  of 
about  4000  feet,  but  has  many  summits  which  exceed  6000 
and  probably  7000  feet.  Several  of  the  loftiest  heights  are 
in  the  S.  part  of  the  island,  where  they  form  a  very  con- 
spicuous object  at  sea.  Almost  all  these  mountains  are  of 
volcanic  origin,  and  many  disastrous  eruptions  from  them 
have  taken  place.  The  largest  river  of  the  island  is  the 
Apari  or  Cagayan,  called  also  the  Tago  (Tagus),  which, 
formed  by  two  streams  from  the  central  mountains,  falls 
into  the  sea  at  Apari,  after  a  course  of  about  180  miles. 
Another  river,  of  less  magnitude,  is  the  Pasig,  which  issues 
out  of  the  Lake  of  Bay  by  seven  branches,  and  is  naviga- 
ble by  vessels  of  from  400  to  500  tons.  The  other  prin-- 
cipal  rivers  are  the  Abra,  Agno,  Pampanga,  and  Cabucao. 
The  vegetation  of  Luzon  is  almost  unsurpassed  in  luxuri- 
ance. Even  the  loftiest  heights  are  crowned  with  gigantic 
forests,  while  the  plains  and  valleys  are  covered  with  the 
richest  verdure  or  occupied  by  abundant  cultivated  crops. 
Among  these  are  rice,  the  chief  article  of  food,  sugar-cane, 
which  is  extensively  grown,  abaca,  or  manila  hemp,  vari- 
ous species  of  palm,  cotton,  coffee,  cinnamon,  maize,  and 
tobacco.  The  mineral  kingdom  furnishes  gold  and  iron. 
The  other  important  minerals  are  copper,  coal,  sulphur, 
marble,  gypsum,  agates,  jaspers,  and  carnelians.  The  man- 
ufactures include  cotton  and  silk  tissues,  cordage,  tobacco, 
leather,  plain  and  varnished,  embroidery,  wood  and  ivory 
carvings,  mats,  and  carriages.  Great  skill  is  also  displayed 
in  the  construction  of  boats,  canoes,  and  large  vessels. 
Luzon  is  divided  into  19  provinces.  Its  capital  is  Manila. 
(See  Manila.)     Pop.  4,450,191. 

Luzsna,  loos'noh^  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Liptau, 
about  4  miles  from  Neusohl.     Pop.  2405. 

Luzy,  lii'zee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nidvre,  19  miles  S. 
of  Chateau-Chinon.     Pop.  2011. 

Luzzara,  loot-s4'r&,  a  market-town  of  Italy,  in  Parma, 
4  miles  N.  of  Guastalla,  near  the  Po.  The  French  gained 
a  victory  over  the  Imperialists  here  in  1702.  Pop.  of  com- 
mune, 7609. 

Luzzi,  loot'see,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Cosenza, 
11  miles  N.  of  Cosenza.     Pop.  3844. 

Lwow,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Lemberg. 

Lyaree,  Il-S,'ree,  a  town  of  Beloochistan,  province  of 
Locrs,  on  the  Poorally,  20  miles  from  the  Indian  Ocean, 
and  38  miles  S.  of  Bela. 

Lyb'ster,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Caithness,  11 
miles  S.AV.  of  AVick.  Pop.  833.  A  harbor  of  refuge  haa 
been  constructed  here. 

Lychen,  lee'x^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg, 
48  miles  N.  of  Berlin.     Pop.  2176. 


LYC 


1712 


LYJf 


liyehaidns  and  Lychnitis  Lacus.    Se«  Ocrrida. 

Lyeip'pOSy  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa., 
about  S5  miles  E.S.E.  uf  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  churoh. 

Lycomingf  lI-kAm'ing,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of 
Pennsjrlrania,  has  an  area  uf  about  I IV5  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna 
River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Lycoming,  Loyalsook, 
Money,  and  Pine  Creoles.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  and 
a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  chestnut, 
hemlock,  oak,  and  other  trees.  This  county  is  traversed  by 
several  ridges  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains.  The  soil  of 
the  valleys  is  fertile.  Lumber  is  the  chief  article  of  export, 
and  the  other  staple  products  of  the  county  are  wheat,  In- 
dian corn,  oats,  and  nay.  Rituminous  coal,  iron  ore,  and 
limestone  are  found  here.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Northern 
Central  lUilroad,  the  Williamsport  «k  North  Branch  Rail- 
road, the  Beech  Creek  Railroad,  the  Fall  Brook  Railroad, 
the  Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railroad,  and  the  Philadel- 
phia &  Brie  Railroad.  Capital,  Williamsport.  Pop.  in 
1870,  47,626;  in  1880,  57,486;  in  1890,  70,579. 

Lycoming,  a  township  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.     P.  643. 

Lycoming  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  runs  southward  in 
Lycoming  co.,  and  enters  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susque- 
hanna River  2  miles  above  Williamsport. 

Lycopolis,  the  ancient  name  of  Sioot. 

Lycnr'gus,  a  post-office  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa,  about 
22  miles  E.  of  Decorah. 

Lycus,  a  river  of  Western  Asia.    See  Zab. 

Ly'da,  a  post-office  of  Macon  co..  Mo. 

Lydd,  lid,  a  town  of  England,  in  Kent,  near  the  English 
Channel,  3  miles  S.S.W.  of  Romney.     Pop.  of  parish,  1936. 

Lydda,  an  ancient  name  of  Ludd. 

Lydcrbuch,  Bohemia.     See  Lauteiibach. 

Lydia,  lld'e-a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Minn.,  about 
33  miles  S.AV.  of  St.  Paul. 

Lydia,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Darlington  co., 
S.C,  13  miles  W.  of  Darlington  Court-House.  It  has  4 
churches,  an  academy,  and  manufactures  of  carriages. 

Lydney,  a  town  of  England.    See  Lidney. 

Ly'ford'is,  a  station  in  Marin  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  North 
Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  San  Francisco. 

Lygonia,  li-go'ne-a,  a  village  in  Cape  Elizabeth  town- 
ship, Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  on  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad, 
2  miles  S.E.  of  Portland. 

Lyk,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Lick. 

Ly'kens,  or  Li'kens,  a  post-township  of  Crawford  co., 
0.,  about  10  miles  N,  of  Bucyrus.  Pop.  1140.  It  contains 
a  hamlet  of  the  same  name. 

Lykens,  a  post-village  of  Dauphin  co..  Pa.,  in  Lykens 
township,  at  the  foot  of  Bear  Mountain,  about  35  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  rich  mines  of  good  anthra- 
cite coal,  and  is  chiefly  supported  by  the  coal  business.  It 
is  connected  by  the  Summit  Branch  Railroad  with  Millers- 
burg,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  which  is  14  miles  W.  by 
S.  of  this  place.  Lykens  has  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices, 
and  7  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  2450. 

Lyie,  111,  a  post-office  of  Decatur  co.,  Kansas. 

Lyie,  a  post-village  of  Mower  co.,  Minn.,  in  Lyle  town- 
ship, on  the  Red  Cedar  River,  and  on  the  Burlington,  Cedar 
Rapids  A,  Northern  Railroad  and  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
<Js  St.  Paul  Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of  Austin.  It  has  2  ele- 
vators and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  208;  of  the  township,  615. 

Lyies,  lilz,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  is  at  the 
village  of  New  Texas. 

Lyiesford,  lilz'fgrd,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfield  co., 
S.C,  on  the  Broad  River,  and  on  the  Spartanburg  &  Union 
Railroad,  41  miles  N.W.  of  Columbia. 

Ly'man,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  South  Da- 
kota, is  bounded  on  the  N.  and  E.  by  the  Missouri  River, 
and  intersected  by  the  White  River.      Area,  575  square 
miles.     Pop.  in  1880,  124;  in  1890,  233. 
,      Lyman,  a  township  of  Ford  co..  111.     Pop.  1298. 

Lyman,  a  post-township  of  York  co..  Me.,  about  7  miles 
W.  of  Biddeford.  It  contains  4  churches  and  a  hamlet 
named  Goodwin's  Mills.     Pop.  1052. 

Lyman,  a  post-township  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  about  18 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Haverhill.     Pop.  658. 

Lyman's,  a  station  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  on  the 
Providence  &  Springfield  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Provi- 
dence. 

Lyman's  lUill,  a  hamlet  in  North  Providence  town- 
ship, Providence  co.,  R.I.,  1  mile  from  Manton.  It  has  a 
ootton-mill.     Pop.  90. 

Lyman  Ti'adnct,  a  station  on  the  Boston  &  New 
York  Air-Line  Railroad,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Willimantic, 
Conn.     Here  is  a  remarkable  viaduct  over  a  rOcky  chasm. 

Lymbnrg,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Nimburq. 


Lyme,  Mm,  a  township  of  New  London  co.,  Conn.,  oa 
the  Connecticut  River.  Pop.  1181.  It  contains  North 
Lyme,  Hodlyme,  and  Hamburg. 

Lyme,  a  post-village  of  New  London  co.,  Conn.,  in  Old 
Lyme  township,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Connecticut  River 
about  2  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  on  the  Shore  Lino  Raill 
road,  34  miles  E.  of  New  Haven. 

Lyme,  a  post-village  of  Grafton  oo.,  N.II.,  in  Lyme 
township,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  about  58  miles  N.W. 
of  Concord,  and  2  miles  E.  of  Thetford  Station,  Vt.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  tannery,  and  2  lumber-mills.  Pop  of  the 
to'wnship,  1358. 

Lyme,  a  township  of  JeiTerson  oo.,  N.Y.  Pop,  2444. 
It  contains  Chaumont  and  Throe  Mile  Bay. 

Lyme,  a  township  of  Huron  co.,  0.  Pop.  2380.  It 
contains  Bellovue. 

Lyme  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Lyme  township,  24  miles  W.  of  Plymouth.     It  has  a  church. 

Lyme-Regis,  llm-ree'jis,  a  seaport  town  of  England 
in  Dorset,  on  the  small  river  Lyme,  at  its  entrance  into  the 
English  Channel,  22  miles  W.  of  Dorchester.  It  hai  a 
handsome  church,  a  Roman  Catholic  and  other  chni>cla 
almshouse,  old  town  hall,  assembly-rooms,  custom-huute 
and  a  harbor,  consisting  of  two  piers,  forming  a  basin,  u»e- 
ful  as  a  refuge  for  small  vessels.  Its  trade  has  greatly  de- 
clined.    Pop.  (1891)  2366. 

Lym-Fiord,  lim'fb-ord'  (Dan.  pron.  lUra'fe-ond'),  writ- 
ten also  Lumflord  and  Liimflord,  Denmark,  an  inlet 
or  arm  of  the  sea,  extending  from  the  Cattegat,  in  about 
57°  N.  lat.,  westward  to  the  German  Ocean.  It  stretchct 
far  into  North  Jutland,  and  there  expands  into  a  large,  ir- 
regular, and  shallow  lagoon.  Its  whole  length  is  perhaps 
100  miles;  the  breadth  varies  from  1  mile  or  less  to  about 
15  miles.  The  Lym-Fiord  is  shallow  and  of  difficult  navi- 
gation. It  receives  several  small  rivers,  and  contains  th« 
island  of  Mors  and  several  smaller  islands. 

Lym'ington,  a  seaport  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Hants, 
in  the  New  Forest,  on  a  small  navigable  river  of  the  same 
name,  at  its  mouth  in  the  English  Channel,  12  miles  S.W, 
of  Southampton  by  railway.  It  is  beautifully  situated  on  a 
steep  declivity,  and  has  many  houses  for  the  accommoda- 
tion of  sea-bathers,  a  town  hall,  a  theatre,  a  custom-boure, 
several  establishments  for  ship-building,  and  salt-works. 
Steamers  ply  to  Portsmouth  and  the  Isle  of  Wight.  The 
borough  sends  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 
Pop.  of  town,  (1891),  4551. 

Lympne,  or  Limne,  lira  (anc.  Por'tns  Lcmania'nuit), 
a  hamlet  and  haven  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  2i  miles  W. 
of  Ilythe,  on  the  Channel  coast.  A  castle  occupies  the  site 
of  an  ancient  British  fortress  ;  a  Roman  road  runs  direct  to 
Canterbury.     Pop.  of  parish,  510. 

Lyn,  lin,  a  post-village  in  Leeds  co.,  Ontario,  on  Cole- 
man's Creek,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  129  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Montreal.  It  contains  manufactories  of  wool- 
lens, rubber  combs,  lasts  and  pegs,  carriages,  leather,  hubs 
and  spokes,  boots  and  shoes,  iron  castings,  <fec.,  also  6  or  7 
stores,  3  hotels,  and  several  mills.     Pop.  750. 

Lynch,  linch,  a  post-office  of  Kent  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Kent 
County  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Chestertown. 

Lynch,  a  township  of  Texas  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  622. 

Lynch,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  N.C. 

Lynch'burg,  a  hamlet  of  Jefferson  co..  111.,  about  27 
miles  S.E.  of  Centralia. 

Lynchburg,  a  township  of  Mason  co..  111.    Pop.  804. 

Lynchburg,  a  post-village  of  Highland  co.,  0.,  in  Dod- 
son  township,  on  the  East  Fork  of  the  Little  Miami  River, 
and  on  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  52  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Cincinnati,  and  10  miles  W.  of  Hillsborough.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  union  school,  a  distillery,  an  organ-factory,  and 
a  money-order  post-office.     Pop.  650. 

Lynchburg,  a  post-village  of  Sumter  co.,  S.C,  on 
Lynch's  Creek,  and  near  Lynchburg  Station  of  the  Wil- 
mington, Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  60  miles  E.  of  Co- 
lumbia. It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  a  lumber-mill,  2 
distilleries  of  turpentine,  and  5  stores. 

Lynchburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Moore  co.,  Teui., 
12  miles  S.  of  Shelby  ville,  and  about  64  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Nashville.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  3  churches,  a  male 
and  female  institute,  Ac.     Pop.  about  500. 

Lynchburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harris  co.,  Tex.,  on 
Buffalo  Bayou,  at  the  mouth  of  the  San  Jacinto  Kiver, 
about  20  miles  E.  of  Houston.  It  was  nearly  destroyed  by 
a  cyclone,  September  17,  1875. 

Lynchburg,  a  city  of  Campbell  co.,  Va.,  is  situated  on 
the  right  or  S.  bank  of  James  River,  on  the  Jamoa  River 
Canal,  and  on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad 
where  it  crosses  the  Washington  City  <fc  VirginU  Midland 


LTN 


1713 


LYN 


airoad,  123  miles  TV.  of  Petersburg,  66  miles  N.  of  Dan- 
'!le,  and  124  miles  by  railroad  W.  by  S.  of  Richmond.  The 
li  is  hilly,  and  the  streets  in  some  places  are  very  steep. 
Uchburg  contains  15  churches,  2  national  banks,  2  pri- 
'|te  banlis,  2  savings-banks,  2  high  schools,  and  printing- 
(ices  which  issue  S  daily,  1  weekly,  and  3  tri-weekly 
iwspapers.  It  has  several  iron-foundries,  rolling-mills, 
ll»aoco-faotories,  flouring-mills,  and  manufactures  of  farm- 
4-implements  and  furniture.  A  bridge  here  crosses  the 
ifer,  which  affords  abundant  water-power.  Tobacco  is  the 
(Sef  article  of  export,  and  the  tobacco  produced  in  this 
Irt  of  the  state  has  a  high  reputation.  Lynchburg  was 
bnded  in  1786,  and  incorporated  in  1805.  P.  (1890)  19,709. 
kiynchbiirg  Junction,  a  station  in  Albemarle  co., 
L  at  a  junction  of  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  and  Virginia 
Idland  Railroads,  1  mile  S.W.  of  Charlottesville. 
Lyuch's  (or  Lynches)  Creek,  South  Carolina,  rises 
•J-y  near  the  N.  boundary  of  the  state,  runs  southeastward, 
ifming  the  boundary  between  the  counties  of  Kershaw, 
iimter,  and  AVilliamsburg  on  the  right,  and  Chesterfield, 
Arlington,  and  Marion  on  the  left,  and  enters  the  Great 
]dce  River.  It  is  about  150  miles  long. 
•Lynch's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  S.C., 
liar  the  Pedee  River,  about  90  miles  E.  of  Columbia. 
[Lynch's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Lampasas  co.,  Tex. 
iLynch's  Lake,  a  post-village  of  AVilliamsburg  co., 
lie.,  on  the  Northeastern  Railroad,  at  Graham  Station,  79 
Lies  N.  of  Charleston.  It  has  several  distilleries  of  tur- 
[ntine. 

Lynch's  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  in  Albany 
Wnship. 

ILynch's  Ranch,  a  hamlet  of  Shackelford  co.,  Tex.,  120 
lies  W.  of  Fort  Worth.     Pop.  42. 

'Lynch's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Campbell  oo.,  Va., 
J  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  24  miles  S.  of  Lynch- 

>g- 

ILynch'wood,  a  post-office  of  Kershaw  co.,  S.C.,  on 
>nch'8  Creek,  about  50  miles  E.N.E.  of  Columbia. 
^ynd,  lind,  a  river  of  North  Australia,  flows  through  a 
:j)untainous  country  till  it  joins  the  river  Mitchell. 
jLynd,  lind,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Lyon  co., 
nn.,  on  the  Redwood  River,  about  108  miles  W.  of  St. 
Iter.  Pop.  of  township,  225.  The  hamlet  is  8  miles  S.W. 
ij  Marshall. 

^yndeborough,  lind'bSr-riih,  a  post-township  of 
lUsborough  co.,  N.H.,  about  25  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Concord. 
J  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  glass,  flavoring- 
i^racts,  and  lumber.  Pop.  820.  It  contains  the  viUages 
iS  Lyndeborough  Centre,  North  Lyndeborough,  and  South 
>ndeborough. 

Lyn'den,  a  township  of  Stearns  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  331. 
Lynden,  a  post-office  of  Furnas  co..  Neb. 
Lynden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Whatcom  co.,  AVashington, 
(but  110  miles  N.  of  Seattle.     It  has  a  church. 
■Lyn'den,  a  post-village  in  Wentworth  co.,  Ontario,  on 
IJ3  Great  Western  Railway,  16  miles  W.  of  Hamilton.     It 
tiitains  a  pottery,  a  woollen-factory,  a  brick-field,  saw-  and 
|st-mills,  4  stores,  and  2  hotels.     Pop.  400. 
Lyndesay,  Mount,  Australia.    See  Mount  Lindesay. 
Lynd'hurst,  a  village  of  England,  in  Hants,  beauti- 
fy situated  in  the  New  Forest,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  South- 
liipton.    Pop.  1380.     Here  is  the   "King's   House,"   or 
<!  eial  residence  of  the  lord  warden  of  the  forest.     All  the 
!fest  courts  are  held  at  Lyndhurst. 

Lynd'hurst,  a  post-village  in  Leeds  co.,  Ontario,  on 
li)  Gananoque  River,  5  miles  E.N.E.  of  Morton.     It  has 
ifv-,  grist-,  and  woollen-mills,  and  3  stores.     Pop.  200. 
jLyn'don,  a  post-village  of  Whiteside  co..  111.,  in  Lyn- 
m  township,  on  Rock  River,  and  on  the  Rockford,  Rock 
■and  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  14  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Sterling, 
:|d  about  9  miles  S,  of  Morrison.     It  has  3  churches,  a 
:  ided  school,  a  paper-mill,  2  flour-mills,  and  a  manufac- 
Ty  of  farm  machinery.     Pop.  600;  of  township,  1039. 
Lyndon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Osage  co.,  Kansas, 
•!  Salt  Creek,  9  miles  E.  of  Osage  City,  and  about  32  miles 
i  of  Topeka.     It  has  2  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  and 
Wufactures  of  cheese  and  flour.     Pop.  about  600. 
|Lyndon,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ky. 
Lyndon,  a  post-township  of  Aroostook  oo..  Me.,  about 
!  miles  N.  of  Houlton,  is  intersected  by  the  Aroostook 
ver.     It  contains  a  church,  2  saw-mills,  a  grist-mill,  a 
t.rch-factory,  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  1410. 
Lyndon,  a  township  of  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  830. 
ILyndon,  a  township  of  Cattaraugus  oo.,  N.Y.     Pop. 
lO.     Post-offices,  Elgin  and  Rawson. 
Lyndon,  or  Iiyndon  Corner,  a  post-village  of 
ledonia  oo.,  Vt.,  in  Lyndon  township,  on  the  Passunip- 


sio  River,  about  36  miles  E.N.E.  of  Montpelier,  and  1  mile 
W.  of  the  Passumpsio  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches,  an 
academy  and  graded  school,  a  national  bank,  2  marble- 
works,  2  carriage-factories,  a  pulp-mill,  silver-plating  works, 
Ac.  One  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.  The  town- 
ship contains  villages  named  Lyndonville  and  Lyndon 
Centre.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2619. 

Lyndon,  a  township  of  Juneau  co.,  Wis.  Pop.  483. 
Lyndon  Station  is  in  Kildare  township. 

Lyndon,  a  township  of  Sheboygan  co.,  AVis.  Pop.  1658. 
It  contains  the  post-village  of  Cascade. 

Lyndon  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Lyndon  township, 
Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Passurapsic  River,  and  on  the 
Passumpsic  Railroad,  i  mile  from  Lyndonville  Station, 
and  about  9  miles  N.  of  St.  Johnsbury.     It  has  a  church. 

Lyndon  Station,  a  post- village  of  Ross  co.,  0.,  in 
Buckskin  township,  on  the  Marietta  <fc  Cincinnati  Railroad, 
20  miles  W.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  a  carriage-factory  and 
3  general  stores. 

Lyn'donville,  a  post-village  in  Yates  township,  Or- 
leans CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Ontario  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  36 
miles  E.  of  Lewiston,  42  miles  N.E.  of  Buffalo,  and  3  miles 
S.  of  Lake  Ontario.  It  has  3  or  4  churches,  a  foundry,  a 
flour-mill,  &o.     Pop.  400. 

Lyndonville,  a  post-village  in  Lyndon  township,  Cale- 
donia CO.,  Vt.,  on  the  Passumpsic  River,  and  on  the  Pas- 
sumpsio Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  St.  Johnsbury.  It  baa  a 
church.  The  railroad-shops  are  located  here. 

Lynedoch,  lln'dSK,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk  co.,  On- 
tario, on  Big  Creek,  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Simcoe.    Pop.  200. 

Lyngbye,  ling'bU^^h  or  liing'bii^^h,  a  town  of  Den- 
mark, in  the  island  of  Seelnnd,  7  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of 
Copenhagen.     It  has  a  royal  summer  palace. 

Lynn,  lln,  an  unorganized  county  of  Northwestern 
Texas,  on  the  Staked  Plain.  Area,  900  square  miles. 
Pop.  in  1880,  9;  in  1890,  24. 

Lynn,  Henderson  co..  111.     See  Sagetow.v. 

Lynn  (Lynn  Centre  Post-Office),  a  post-village  of  Henry 
CO.,  111.,  in  Lynn  township,  27  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Rock 
Island.     Pop.  of  the  township,  858. 

Lynn,  a  post-village  in  Washington  township,  Randolph 
CO.,  Ind.,  16  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Richmond.    Pop.  (1890)  518. 

Lynn,  Iowa.     See  Linx. 

Lynn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greenup  co.,  Ky.,  on  Tygert's 
Creek,  7  miles  W.  of  Greenup  Court-House. 

Lynn,  a  city  and  seaport  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  is  pleas- 
antly situated  on  Massachusetts  Bay,  10  miles  N.N.B.  of 
Boston,  and  5  miles  S.W.  of  Salem.  Lat.  42°  27'  51"  N.; 
Ion.  7(<°  57'  27"  W.  It  is  about  2  miles  from  the  penin- 
sula of  Nahant,  a  place  of  summer  resort,  and  is  connected 
with  Boston  and  Salem  by  both  steam  and  electric  rail- 
ways. It  contains  a  handsome  city  hall,  36  churches, 
a  free  public  library  of  44,000  volumes,  a  very  fine  new 
high  school  building,  6  national  banks,  2  savings-banks, 
and  2  safe  deposit  and  trust  companies.  The  combined 
capital  of  these  is  over  $1,600,000,  with  deposits  of  about 
$6,000,000.  Two  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished here.  Lynn  has  long  been  celebrated  for  the  manufac- 
ture of  ladies'  boots  and  shoes,  large  quantities  of  which  are 
sold  in  the  Western  and  Southern  States,  as  well  as  sup- 
plying a  large  export  trade.  The  daily  output  averages 
more  than  100,000  pairs,  or  over  30,000,000  pairs  .annually. 
The  capital  employed  in  this  industry  alone  is  shown  to  be 
nearly  $11,000,000,  and  the  value  of  the  annual  product  is 
over  $25,000,000.  The  manufacture  of  leather  (morocco) 
is  another  large  industry,  employing  a  capital  of  $1,300,000. 
The  new  electric  manufacturing  industry,  established  here 
in  1883,  has  been  the  means  of  increasing  the  wealth  and 
prosperity  of  Lynn  to  a  wonderful  extent.  This  business 
represents  an  actual  invested  capital  of  something  more 
than  $3,000,000  in  buildings,  plant,  Ac,  and  employs  about 
4000  hands,  with  an  average  weekly  pay-roll  of  over 
$44,000.  The  value  of  product  in  dynamos,  lamps,  motors, 
car-equipments,  &o.,  is  more  than  $12,000,000  per  year. 
There  are  miiny  hai>dsome  houses  occupied  by  citizens,, 
especially  on  the  east,  or  shore,  side  of  the  city,  and  some 
that  are  used  only  in  summer  by  non-residents.  Statistics 
show  that  a  larger  number  of  families  own  their  homes  in 
Lynn  than  in  any  other  city  of  its  size  in  the  United  States. 
The  scenery  in  the  vicinity  of  Lynn  is  varied  and  pictu- 
resque. It  has  one  of  the  largest  natural  pleasure-grounds 
(more  than  2000  acres),  known  as  "  Lynn  Woods","  on  this 
continent.  Pop.  in  18V0,  28,233;  in  1880,  38,274;  in  1890, 
55.727. 

Lyitn,  a  post-village  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  in  Lynn 
township,  28  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Port  Huron. 

Lynn,  a  township  of  Cedar  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  (1890)  3375 


LYN 


1714 


L\'0 


Lynn«  a  townahip  of  Hardin  oo.,  0.     Pop.  457. 

LyuUt  a  township  of  Lehigh  oo.,  Pa.  Pop.  2376.  It 
•ontains  Now  Tripoli. 

Lyun,  a  post-vilhige  in  Springville  township,  Susque- 
hanna CO.,  Pa.,  1  luilo  from  Lynn  Stiitiun  of  the  Montrose 
A  Tunkliiinnook  lUvilroad,  16  luilus  S.  of  Montrose,  and  26 
milus  N.\V.  of  Scraiiton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Lynil)  a  ixtst-otfioe  of  Clark  oo.,  Wis.,  in  Lynn  town- 
ship, 10  miles  E.  of  Noillsville.     Pop.  of  township,  155. 

Lynn  Camp*  a  small  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  Ky., 
abuut  01  inilos  S.E.  of  Danville. 

Lynn  Camp,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  oo.,  W.  Va.,  5 
miles  S.  of  (ilun  Uiistou. 

Lynn  Centre,  Henry  co.,  Ill,    See  Lynn. 

Lyune,  liu,  a  post-hamlet  of  Weber  oo.,  Utah,  3  miles 
N.  of  Ogden.     It  has  a  church. 

Lynn'tield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Essex  oo.,  Mass.,  in  Lynn- 
field  township,  on  tho  Wakefield  Branch  Railroad,  6  miles 
AV.  of  Salcm.  It  has  2  churches.  Tho  township  is  inter- 
sected by  tho  Newburyport  division  of  the  Boston  &  Maine 
Railroad,  and  by  the  Salem  &  Lowell  Railroad.  It  has 
quarries  of  granite.     Pop.  769. 

Lynnfield  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  Mass., 
in  Lynnfield  township,  on  tho  Boston  <fc  Maine  Railroad 
(Newburyport  division),  13  miles  N.  of  Boston.  It  has  a 
grauite-quarry,  2'ohurche8,  &o. 

Lynn  Grove,  a  township  of  Jasper  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
1281.     It  contains  Lynnville. 

Lynn'port,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  on  tho 
Berks  &  Lehigh  Railroad,  29  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Reading. 
It  has  a  slate-quarry  and  a  manufactory  of  slates. 

Lynn-Regis,  lin-ree'jis,  or  King's  Lynn,  a  seaport 
town  of  England,  in  Norfolk,  on  tho  E.  side  of  the  estuary 
of  the  Great  Ouse,  9  miles  from  the  North  Sea,  and  2G  miles 
N.E.  of  Ely,  at  a  railway  junction.  It  is  divided  into  sev- 
eral parts  by  small  navigable  rivers  called  fleets.  It  is  de- 
fended on  the  land  side  by  a  fosso,  strong  bastions,  and 
remains  of  an  ancient  embattled  wall,  with  one  gutcvvay. 
Tho  town  is  well  built,  and  contains  many  noted  old  man- 
sions. Tho  market-place  is  very  handsome,  and  extensive 
publio  walks,  lined  with  trees,  beautify  the  E.  part  of  the 
town.  Chief  buildings,  St.  Margaret's  church,  a  stately 
pile  of  vast  dimensions,  the  beautiful  and  spacious  chapel 
of  St.  Nicholas,  All-Saints'  church,  tho  ruins  of  a  convent, 
an  octagonal  Ladye  chapel  tower,  a  free  grammar-school,  a 
large  Lancasterian  school,  several  ancient  poor's  hospitals, 
an  ancient  guild  hall  and  jail,  theatre,  library,  mechanics' 
institution,  handsome  custom-house,  large  market-house, 
and  fort.  Tho  harbor  is  capacious,  the  river  being  here 
about  1000  feet  in  breadth,  and  a  deep  channel  has  been 
dredged  through  the  Wash  to  the  deep  sea.  Tho  trade  of 
Lynn  is  very  extensive.  Ships  of  3000  tons  may  enter 
the  new  dock.  Principal  imports,  coal,  wine,  timber, 
hemp,  and  Baltic  and  Canadian  produce.  Exports,  corn 
and  wool.  Ship-yards,  breweries,  foundries,  cork-,  rope-, 
and  tobacco-manufactories  also  employ  many  of  the  inhab- 
itants. The  borough  sends  one  member  to  the  House  of 
Commons.     Pop.  (1891)  19,053. 

LynntOAVn,  Illinois.    See  Sagetown. 

Lynn'ville,  a  post-village  of  Morgan  co..  III.,  in  Lynn- 
ville township,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Jacksonville.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  043. 

Lynnville,  a  township  of  Ogle  co.,  lU.  Pop.  726. 
It  contains  tho  post-haralet  of  Lindenwood, 

Lynnville,  a  post- village  of  Warrick  co.,  Ind.,  in  Hart 
township,  about  24  miles  N.E.  of  Evansville.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Lynnville,  a  post-village  in  Lynn  Grove  township, 
Jasper  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  North  Skunk  River,  about  45  miles 
E.  of  Dcs  Moines.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  banking-house. 

Lynnville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Graves  co.,  Ky.,  about  40 
miles  S.  of  Paducah.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Lynnville,  a  township  of  Burke  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1020. 

Lynnville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.,  16  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  Allentown.     It  has  a  church. 

Lynnville,  a  post- village  of  Giles  co.,  Tenn.,  1  mile 
from  Lynnville  Station.  It  has  several  churches.  Pop. 
about  200.  The  village  of  Lynnville  Station  is  on  the  Nash- 
ville <t  Decatur  Railroad,  66  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Nashville. 
It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  204. 

Lynn'wood,  a  post-offico  of  Rockingham  co.,  Va. 

Lynx'vilie,  a  post-village  in  Seneca  township,  Craw- 
ford CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  13  miles 
below  Lansing,  Iowa.  It  has  2  warehouses  for  grain,  which 
is  shipped  here.  Pop.  about  200.  Here  is  Lower  Lynxville 
Post-Office. 


Lyon,  li'9n,  a  river  of  Scotland,  flows,  after  a  courMof 
33  miles,  into  the  Tay  at  Taymouth  Castle. 

Ly'ou,  the  most  northwestern  county  of  Iowa,  bordcrt 
on  South  Dakota  and  Minnesota.  Area,  600  square  mile* 
It  is  intersected  by  Rock  River,  bounded  on  the  W.  bv 
Sioux  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  East  Fork  of  Rock 
River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  Tlio 
soil  is  fertile,  and  adapted  to  Indian  corn,  hay,  Ac.  Cnpi- 
tal.  Rock  Rapids.  Pop.  in  1870,221:  in  1880,  1968-  in 
1890,  8680.  ' 

Lyon,  a  county  in  the  E,  central  part  of  Kansas,  bni 
an  area  of  about  858  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Neosho  River,  which  divides  it  into  nearly  equal  purls,  tnj 
is  al.'O  drained  by  the  Osage  River  and  Cottonwood  Creek. 
The  surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indisn 
corn,  wheat,  hay,  cattle,  and  oats  are  the  stnple  product*. 
A  large  portion  of  tho  county  (92  per  cent.)  is  prairie, aiid 
groves  of  oak,  hickory,  cottoiiwood,  walnut,  and  other  trees 
are  distributed  along  the  streams.  Limestone  underlie! 
part  of  this  county,  and  coal  is  found  in  it.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Atchison,  Topeka  A  Santa  F6  Railroad  and  the  Mi»- 
souri,  Kansas  A  Texas  Railroad.  Capital,  Eini>oria  Pop 
in  1870,  8014;  in  1S80,  17,326  j  in  1890,  23,196. 

Lyon,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Kentucky,  has  on 
area  of  about  275  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Cumberland  River,  and  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Ten- 
nessee River.  A  large  part  of  the  surface  is  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  tobacco,  and  pork 
are  staples.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Newport 
News  &  Mississippi  Valley  Railroad.  Capital,  Eddyrille 
Pop.  in  1870,  6233;  in  1880,  6768;  in  1890,  7628. 

Lyon,  a  county  in  the  W.S.W.  part  of  Minnesota.  Area, 
720  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Redwood,  Big 
Cottonwood,  and  Yellow  Medicine  Rivers.  The  surface  is 
undulating,  and  diversified  with  prairies  and  several  small 
lakes.  The  soil  is  fertile.  It  is  nearly  destitute  of  fdresta. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  liailroad. 
Capital,  Marshall.  Pop.  in  1875,  2543;  in  1880,  6257;  ia 
1890,  9501, 

Lyon,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Nevada,  is  traversed 
by  Carson  River.  Area,  1264  square  miles.  The  surface 
is  mountainous.  The  soil  is  mostly  uncultivated.  Silver 
is  found  in  this  county.  Tho  Central  Pacific  Railroad 
passes  through  the  N.  part  of  it,  and  the  Carson  A  Colo- 
rado Railroad  through  the  S.  part.  Ca|)ital,  Dayton.  Pop, 
in  1870,  1837  ;  in  1880,  2409;  in  1890,  1987. 

Lyon,  a  township  of  Hamilton  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  275. 

Lyon,  a  township  of  Lyon  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  350, 

Lyon,  a  township  of  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  576. 

Lyon,  a  township  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  468, 

Lyon,  a  township  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1271. 

Lyon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wabasha  co.,  Minn.,  in  High- 
land township,  about  12  miles  S.W.  of  Wabasha.  It  has  I 
or  2  flouring-mills. 

Lyon,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  3628. 

Lyon,  a  township  of  Knox  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1121. 

Lyon,  a  township  of  Lewis  co..  Mo.     Pop.  820. 

Lyo'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas,  on 
Lyons  Creek,  about  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Junction  City. 

Lyona,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  in  Rich- 
mond township,  9  miles  S.  of  Miller's  Station. 

Lyo'nia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co.,  Ky.,  about  U 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Hawesville. 

Lyon  Mountain,  or  Kogersfield,  a  post-villnge  of 
Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Chateaugay  Railroad,  34  miles  \f. 
by  N.  of  Plattsburg.  Here  are  works  of  tho  Chateaugay 
Ore  and  Iron  Co. 

Lyonnois,  or  Lyonnais  (Fr.  Le  Lyonnoia,  l?h  lee'- 
6n''ni';  L,  A'ger  Lugdunensit  and  jEdui  Luydttuenietf), 
an  ancient  province  of  France,  which  formed  part  of  one 
of  the  Roman  divisions  of  Gaul,  was  afterwards  included  in 
tho  second  kingdom  of  Burgundy,  and  on  being  separated 
from  it  became  an  independent  county.  Capital,  Lj'otis. 
It  was  united  to  tho  crown  of  France  by  Philip  le  Bel  in 
1310,  and  now  forms  the  departments  of  Rhone,  Loire, 
SaOne-et-Loire,  Ac,  _  ^ 

Lyons,  li'gnz  (Fr,  Lyon,  lee^ix"';  Sp.  Leo»,  li-5n  ; 
It.  Lione,  le-o'ni;  anc,  Lugdu'num),  the  second  city  of 
France,  capital  of  the  department  of  RhOne,  2o0  miles 
direct  or  314  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Paris,  and  170  mileJ 
N.  of  the  Mediterranean;  lat.  45°  45'  44"  N.,  Ion.  4°  49 
43"  E.  Two  large  rivers— the  Saone,  flowing  from  the 
N.,  and  the  Rhone,  from  the  E.— unite,  and  form  a  tongije 
of  land  on  which  the  greater  part  of  the  city  is  built.  It 
however  extends  to  the  opposite  banks  of  both  rivers,  the 
communication  being  maintained  by  many  commodious 
bridges.    On  the  right  bank  of  the  Sadno  two  steep  hills, 


LYO 


1715 


LYO 


WrTiSres  and  St.  Sebastian,  rise  in  the  form  of  an  amphi- 
heatre  and  are  partially  occupied  by  streets.  One  of  the 
teepest  of  these  leads  up  to  the  summit  of  Fourvieres,  from 
fhich  the  whole  country  for  many  miles  around  is  pre- 
snted  to  the  eye  as  one  grand  panorama,  embracing  dis- 
'nct  views  of  the  Alps  on  the  E.  and  the  Cevennes  on  the 
L  Lyons  is  encircled  by  a  line  of  forts.  The  town  has 
^en  largely  rebuilt  since  1820,  and  is  one  of  the  finest 
fties  in  Europe.  There  are  many  fine  quarters,  among 
■hich  may  be  mentioned  the  magnificent  quays,  with 
ilanted  walks,  stately  mansions,  and  capacious  warehouses. 
Sevenal  of  the  public  edifices  of  Lyons  are  remarkable  for 
Leir  antiquity  as  well  as  for  the  beauty  of  their  architec- 
Ere.  The  cathedral,  on  the  slope  of  the  Fourvieres,  is  in 
U  Gothic  style  of  the  time  of  Louis  XI.,  and  has  four 
[wers.  Higher  up  the  declivity  stands  the  church  of 
[otro  Dame,  occupying  the  site  of  the  Forum  Vetua,  built 
jf  Trajan.  It  is  a  fine  Gothic  edifice,  founded  about  1200. 
eside  it  is  a  tower  or  belvedere,  680  feet  above  the  Saone. 
'n  the  other  side  of  the  Fourvieres  is  the  church  of  St. 
'renajus,  who  was  the  second  bishop  of  Lyons.  The  church, 
i  modern  structure,  is  situated  on  the  grave  of  the  mar- 
i'red  bishop,  and  has  beneath  it  a  crypt  in  which  thou- 
[.nds  of  Christians  are  said  to  have  been  massacred  by 
|-der  of  Septimius  Severus,  a.d.  202.  A  little  above  the 
Uhedral  is  the  Palais  de  Justice ;  and  lower  down,  on  the 
|)posite  bank  of  the  Sa5ne,  stands  the  mediajval  church  of 
(inay,  beneath  whose  sacristy,  and  penetrating  below  the 
Ld  of  the  river,  are  gloomy  dungeons,  without  light  or  air. 
tther  noteworthy  edifices  of  this  class  are  the  church  of 
\,.  Nizier,  of  the  fourteenth  century,  one  of  the  largest  in 
ie  town,  that  of  St.  Bonaventure,  the  church ^of  the  Char- 
leux,  surmounted  by  a  superb  dome,  the  Eglise  de  St. 
'olycarpe,  ^^giise  des  Antiquailles,  Eglise  St.  Just,  and 
iglise  St.  Louis.  The  archiepiscopal  palace,  situated  near 
^e  cathedral,  is  a  large  edifice.  In  this  palace  a  great 
uraber  of  Protestants  were  butchered  in  1572,  as  a  sequel 
jSt.  Bartholomew.  In  the  Place  des  Terreaux  stands  the 
;6tel  de  Ville,  one  of  the  finest  edifices  of  the  kind  in 
[ranee,  though  very  irregular  in  its  style. 
[The  library  (Bibliotheque  Publique)  is  the  best  provin- 
jal  collection  in  France.  It  contains  150,000  volumes,  and 
ts  besides  a  rich  collection  of  engravings  and  MSS.  The 
lilais  des  Arts,  or  Museum,  facing  the  Place  des  Terreaux, 
icupies  the  ancient  convent  of  St.  Pierre,  which  is  a  fine 
fajestic  edifice.  It  contains  a  picture-gallery,  a  cabinet  of 
jedals,  a  gallery  for  statues,  a  depot  of  mechanical  inven- 
ts for  the  fabrication  of  silks,  a  library  of  00,000  vol- 
jiies,  and  a  free  school  of  design.  The  chief  educational 
'tablishments  are  the  new  university,  opened  in  1875,  the 
[ademy,  the  lycee  or  college,  the  Institution  la  Martiniere, 
fording  a  gratuitous  education  to  220  sons  of  artisans,  and 
veterinary  school.  Connected  with  educational  institu- 
)ns  may  be  mentioned  the  botanic  garden  (Pare  de  la 
!te  d'Or).  Lyons  has  4  theatres  and  a  large  exchange  or 
'jurse,  with  an  industrial  museum. 

The  most  important  charitable  establishments  are  the 
ptel-Dieu,  the  Maison  de  la  Charite,  a  very  extensive 
ms-  or  poor-house,  the  Mont  de  Pi6te,  and  the  Hospice  de 
Intiquaille.  There  are  several  prisons, — the  new  prison, 
I  extensive  building,  well  arranged,  the  Maison  des  Ile- 
ises,  now  employed  as  a  military  prison,  and  the  prison 
Koanne,  regarded  as  a  model  in  its  kind. 
As  a  manufacturing  town,  Lyons  early  acquired,  and  lias 
ng  maintained,  the  first  rank.  Its  silk-manufactures  are 
e  most  important  in  the  world.  This  constitutes  its  great 
iple,  and  has  employed  70,000  machines  (metiers),  scat- 
red  over  a  district  of  about  40  miles.  These  machines 
DSume  raw  silk  valued  at  $55,000,000,  producing  silk 
iinufactures  valued  at  $76,000,000.  It  is  estimated  that 
e  home  consumption  includes  one-fourth  or  one-third  of 
is  amount :  the  remainder  is  exported  to  all  parts  of  the 
f'ilized  world,  but  by  far  the  largest  market  is  found  in 
e  United  States.  There  are  also  manufactories  of  hats, 
ok8,  jewelry,  paper,  machinery,  perfumes,  Jacquard 
ims,  foulards,  hardware,  bronzes,  soap,  shawls,  lace,  and 
|ueur8,  besides  dye-works,  foundries,  glass-houses,  pot- 
"ies,  tanneries,  breweries,  and  chemical  works,  Lyons 
admirably  situated  for  trade,  on  two  navigable  rivers, 
lieh  make  it  a  great  entrepot  both  for  the  N.  and  the  S. 
j  forms  the  common  centre  where  the  roads  from  Paris, 
arseilles,  Bordeaux,  and  Geneva,  from  Switzerland,  Italy, 
d  Auvergne,  all  meet ;  it  communicates  with  the  Rhine 
the  Rhone  &  Rhine  Canal,  while  several  other  canals, 
anching  off  from  its  rivers,  give  it  ample  means  of  trans- 
jrt  over  a  great  part  of  the  interior  of  the  republic.  The 
ief  imports  are  raw  silk,  wine,  brandy,  oil,  soap,  fla.x, 


hemp,  rice,  salt,  cotton,  wool,  coffee,  dyes,  earthenware, 
and  timber;  and  the  exports,  spun  silk  and  silk  goods, 
ribbons,  woollens,  linens,  corn,  flour,  liqueurs,  ironware,  &c. 
History. — The  origin  of  Lyons  cannot  be  traced.  When 
Caesar  invaded  Gaul  it  bad  become  a  place  of  importance, 
and  it  ever  after  figures  in  the  history  of  the  Roman  Em- 
pire, several  emperors  making  it  their  occasional  residence 
and  vying  with  one  another  in  adorning  it.  It  early  re- 
ceived Christianity,  and,  towards  the  end  of  the  second 
century,  numbered  thousands  of  Christians  among  its  in- 
habitants. Its  first  bishop,  Pothinus,  died  a  martyr  in 
197,  and  his  successor,  the  celebrated  Irena>us,  died  also  a 
martyr  in  202,  and  with  him  no  fewer  than  19,000  Chris- 
tian converts.  Lyons  was  afterwards  sacked  by  the  Huns 
and  Visigoths,  who  levelled  many  of  its  noblest  Roman 
structures.  In  the  eighth  century  it  was  taken  by  an  army 
of  Saracens  from  Spain ;  but  it  recovered  its  prosperity 
under  Charlemagne,  on  the  dissolution  of  whose  empire  it 
became  the  capital  of  the  kingdom  of  Provence.  Subse- 
quently it  was  long  ruled  by  a  succession  of  archbishops, 
who  bore  its  name.  In  the  reign  of  Louis  IX.,  Lyons  was 
annexed  to  the  crown  of  France.  Its  quays  and  several  of 
its  finest  edifices  it  owes  to  Louis  XIV,  While  in  possession 
of  the  troops  of  the  Convention  in  1793,  wholesale  butcher- 
ies for  many  days  deluged  the  streets  with  blood.  Many 
distinguished  men  have  been  natives  of  Lyons.  Among 
them  may  be  mentioned  the  emperors  Marcus  Aurelius, 
Claudius,  and  Caracalla,  the  celebrated  Germanicus,  St. 
Ambrose,  St.  Irenaeus,  and  Pope   Clement  IV.      Pop.  in 

1852,156,169;  in  1881,  347,619  ;  in  1891,  416,029. Adj. 

and  inhab.  Lyonese,  Ifon-eez'  (Fr.  Lyosnais,  lee'6n^ni'; 
feminine  Lyonnaise.  lee^&n*niz'). 

Liy'ons,  a  post-village  of  Boulder  cc.  Col.,  on  the  Bur- 
lington &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  48  miles  N.W.  of  Den- 
ver, and  about  15  miles  (direct)  N.  of  Boulder.  It  has 
several  stone-quarries.     Pop.  750. 

LiyonS)  a  post-village  in  Lyons  township.  Cook  co.,  IlL, 
on  the  Des  Plaines  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington 
&  Quincy  Railroad,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  a 
graded  school  and  3  churches.  The  township  contains 
quarries  of  limestone,  and  villages  named  Clyde,  La  Grange, 
and  Riverside.     Pop.  in  1890,  5096;  of  the  village,  732. 

Lyons,  a  post-village  of  Greene  oo.,  Ind.,  on  the  Indi- 
anapolis &  Vincennes  Railroad,  82  miles  S.W.  of  Indianap- 
olis. It  has  a  church,  2  saw-mills,  and  manufactures  of 
farming-implements  and  furniture.     Pop.  about  200. 

Xiyons,  a  city  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa,  is  situated  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  opposite  Fulton,  3  miles  above  the  city 
of  Clinton,  and  78  miles  below  Dubuque.  It  is  also  on  the 
Chicago,  Clinton  <fc  Dubuque  Railroad  and  the  Iowa  Mid- 
land Railroad,  58  miles  by  rail  from  Dubuque,  and  140 
miles  W.  of  Chicago.  It  contains  7  churches,  a  national 
bank,  a  high  school,  a  fine  graded  school-house,  printing- 
offices  issuing  2  weekly  newspapers,  a  paper-mill,  several 
flouring-mills,  and  3  large  saw-mills.  The  river  here  flows 
through  fine  scenery,  and  is  bordered  by  high  bluffs.  Pop. 
in  1890,  5799. 
Liyons,  a  township  of  Mills  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  796. 
Lyons,  an  incorporated  city  and  railroad  centre,  capi- 
tal of  Rice  CO.,  Kansas,  28  miles  N.W.  of  Hutchinson.  It 
has  a  court-house,  4  newspaper  offices,  a  flour-mill,  grain- 
elevators,  and  a  salt-mine.  Pop.  in  1880,  509 ;  in  1890, 
1754. 

Lyons,  a  post-village  in  Lyons  township,  Ionia  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Grand  River,  at  or  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Maple  River,  and  on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  &  Lake  Michi- 
gan Railroad,  34  miles  N.W.  of  Lansing,  and  38  miles  E. 
of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  abundant  water-power.  It  is 
about  li  miles  S.  of  Muir,  which  is  on  the  Detroit  and  Mil- 
waukee Railroad.  Lyons  has  a  union  school,  a  bank,  2 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  a  foundry,  a  machine- 
shop,  and  a  planing-mill.  Pop.  704.  The  township  con- 
tains villages  named  Muir  and  Pewamo.  Pop.  2843. 
Lyons,  a  township  of  Lyons  co.,  Minn.  Pop.  152. 
Lyons,  a  hamlet  of  Vineyard  township,  Lawrence  co., 
Mo.,  6  miles  E.  of  Sarcoxie.  It  has  a  church  and  a  flour- 
mill.     Pop.  80.     Here  is  Bower's  Mills  Post-Office. 

Lyons,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burt  co.,  Neb.,  on  Logan 
Creek,  16  miles  N.E.  of  West  Point,  and  about  40  miles  N, 
of  Fremont.     It  has  a  church  and  a  graded  school. 

Lyons,  a  post-office  of  Somerset  oo.,  N.J.,  on  the  New 
Jersey  West  Line  Railroad,  24  miles  W.  of  Newark. 

Lyons,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Lyons  township,  on  the  Erie  Canal  and  the  Clyde  River,  at 
the  confluence  of  Canandaigua  Outlet  with  Mud  Creek.  It 
is  also  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  45  miles  W.  of 
Syracuse,  and  36  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Rochester.    It  contain! 


LYO 


1716 


MAB 


%  fine  stone  oourt-boose,  7  ohurobes,  a  national  bank,  2 
banking-house*,  a  lar^o  union  Kchool,  2  nowxpapor  offioos, 
a  pottery,  a  maobino-sliop,  several  tlour-iiiills,  extonsivo  dis- 
tilleries of  peppermint  uil,  and  tnanufnoturcs  of  barrels  and 
farm-iinpletneats.     Pup.  in  1800,  4475;  of  township,  6228. 

Lyons*  a  post-villago  of  Fulton  co.,  0.,  in  lloyalton 
township,  about  30  uiites  VV.  of  Tolodo.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  grist-uiill,  a  choose-fitctory,  Ac. 

Lyon's,  or  Lyon's  Station,  a  post-villago  of  Berks 
00.,  I'a.,  in  Maxatawnoy  township,  on  the  East  Pennsyl- 
vania Unilroad,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Kuading.  It  bus  a,  ohurcb, 
2  hotels,  2  blast-furnaces,  and  agrist-uiill.  Pop.  about  500. 
The  name  of  its  post-offico  is  Lyon's  Station. 

Lyons,  a  townshiu  of  Orangeburg  oo.,  S.C.     Pop.  1537. 

Lyons,  a  post-village  of  Walworth  oo.,  Wis.,  in  Lyons 
township,  on  the  outlet  of  Geneva  Lake,  and  on  the  West- 
ern Union  Ilailroad,  10  inilos  K.  of  Elkhorn.  It  has  about 
30  houses,  2  ohurches,  2  carriage-shops,  a  flour-mill,  and 
a  graded  school.     Pop.  about  300;  of  the  township,  1400. 

Lyons,  a  post-village  in  Elgin  oo.,  Ontario,  12  miles  S. 
of  Dorchester  Station.     It  contains  3  stores.     Pop.  130. 

Lyons  Creek,  Kansas,  drains  part  of  Dickinson  co., 
runs  northeastward,  and  enters  the  Kansas  River  about  5 
milos  above  Junction  City. 

Ly'onsdale,  a  post-village  of  Lewis  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Moose  River,  3  milos  from  Port  Leyden  Station,  and  about 
40  miles  N.  of  Utica.  It  has  2  paper-mills  and  2  saw-mills. 
Pop.  of  Lyonsdale  township,  1416. 

Lyon's  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Black  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Moose  River,  and  on  the 
Utica  A  Black  Rivor  Railroad,  45  miles  N.  of  Utica.  It 
has  a  church,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  pulp-mill.  Small 
steamers  ascend  the  Black  Rivor  to  this  place,  where  the 
navigation  is  obstructed  by  a  fall  of  63  feet.  It  is  the  N. 
terminus  of  the  Black  River  Canal. 

Lyons  Farms,  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Union  township,  2  miles  from  Elizabeth.  It  has  2  churches 
and  2  stores. 

Lyon's  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Bladen  co.,  N.C. 

Lyon's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Clinton  co.,  Mich. 

Lyon's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  4  miles 
E.  of  Connersville. 

Lyon's  Station,  Pennsylvania.    See  Lros's. 

Ly'onsville,  a  post-village  of  Cook  co.,  111.,  about  14 
miles  S.W.  of  Chicago. 

Lyousville,  a  hamlet  of  Coleraine  township,  Franklin 
CO.,  Mass.,  5  miles  N.  of  Shelburne  Falls. 

Lyonsviile,  a  hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  88  miles  N.  of 
New  York.   It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill.   Pop.  about  75. 

Ly'on  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  about 
12  miles  W.  of  AUentown.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  5  houses. 

Lyoobashevo,  IJubaschewo,or  Lyoubachevo, 
lyoo-bi-shi'vo,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Minsk,  40 
miles  S.W.  of  Slootsk.    Pop.  1800. 


Lyoobctch,Lioubetch,orI  jubctRch,lyoo'bitch' 

a  market-town  of  KusKiii,  government  and  38  milui  N.N.W 
of  Chernigov,  on  the  I)niu|>cr.     I'd]).  1000. 

Lyoobini,Ljubini,ur  Lioubim,  lyoo-bccm',atown 
of  Russia,  government  and  54  miles  N.E.  of  Yaroslar 
Pop.  23U8, 

Lyootsin,IJutBin,  or  Liont8in,1yoot-8eon' (Polish, 
Imcijh,  loot'sin),  a  town  of  Ru.nsia,  government  and  ISO 
miles  N.W.  of  Vitebsk.     Pop.  3769. 

Ly'ra,  a  township  of  Blue  Earth  oo.,  Minn.    Pop,  701. 

Lyra,  a  post-office  of  Scioto  co.,  0. 

Lys,  lis  (Fr.  pron.  almost  leeco ;  Flemish,  Tjtye,  H'^h), 
a  river  of  Franco  and  Belgium,  joins  the  Scheldt  at  Ghent, 
after  a  N.E.  course  of  100  milos.  Numerous  canals  coiiimu- 
nicato  with  it,  and  it  has  an  active  navigation.  The  town 
of  Aire  is  at  the  head  of  navigation. 

Lys,  leeco,  or  Esa,  d'sA,  a  river  of  Italy,  joins  the  Dora 
Baltca  about  4  miles  below  Bard,  after  a  course  of  nearly 
37  miles. 

Lysander,  ll-san'd^r,  a  post-villago  in  Lysander  town- 
ship, Onondaga  CO.,  N.Y.,  about  18  miles  S.  of  Oswego,  and 
20  milos  N.W.  of  Syracuse.  It  contains  3  chureliei!.  Pon. 
268.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  S.  and  E.  by  the 
Seneca  River,  and  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Oswego  River,  It 
contains  tho  greater  part  of  Baldwinsville,  and  has  mana- 
facturcs  of  axes,  tools,  flour,  <fec.     Pop.  4999. 

Lys'ter,  or  Saintc  Anastasie  de  Nelson,  s&nC- 
&*ni»'ti*zee'  d§h  nel'soN",  a  post-village  in  Megantic  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  river  Becancour,  and  on  the  Griind  Trunk 
Railway,  28  miles  W.  of  Quebec.  It  contains  3  stores  and  2 
saw-mills.  Chief  trade,  lumber.  Pop.  200.  The  station 
is  li  milos  from  the  village. 

Lyth'am,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  on 
tho  Irish  Sea,  5J  miles  W.S.W.  of  Kirkham.  Tiie  village 
is  frequented  for  sea-bathing,  and  is  the  terminus  of  3  rail- 
ways.    Pop.  of  parish,  3904. 

Lythonia,  De  Kalb  co.,  Oa.    See  Litbonia. 

Ly'tle  City,  a  post-hamlct  of  Iowa  oo.,  Iowa,  on  Iowa 
Crock,  about  33  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cedar  Rapids. 

Ly'tle's,  a  station  on  tho  Chicago*  Northwestern  Rail- 
road, 14  miles  N.N.W.  of  La  Crosse,  Wis. 

Lyttelton,  lit't^l-tpn,  a  seaport  town  of  New  Zealand, 
on   Port  Cooper,  8  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Christchurch,  of 
which  it  is  tho  port.    It  has  extensive  harbor  improvements,    i 
a  hospital,  an  orphanage,  a  jail,  banks,  a  fire  department, 
<fec.     Pop.  2902. 

Lyt'ton,  a  post-town  of  British  Columbia,  on  the  Fra- 
ser  River,  102  miles  from  its  mouth,  at  tho  junction  of  the 
Thompson  River,  and  on  the  road  to  the  Cariboo  mines,  67 
miles  from  Yale.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  church,  2 
hotels,  and  5  stores.  White  population,  about  50;  Indian 
population,  about  200,  within  a  radius  of  2  miles.  Tlio  In- 
dians are  very  industrious  and  peaceable.  Their  chief  em- 
ployments are  gold-mining  and  carrying  supplies  to  and 
from  the  interior  with  their  own  horses. 


M. 


Maad,  mSd,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Zemplin,  in  tho 
Ilegyaija  Mountains,  with  celebrated  vineyards,  6  miles 
N.W.  of  Tokay.     Pop.  3779. 

Maakil,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Maghil. 

Maan,  mln,  a  town  of  Arabia,  on  the  route  from  Da- 
mascus to  Mecca,  270  miles  E.  of  Cairo.  It  has  a  great 
annual  four-days'  fair. 

ittaarsen,  mftn's^n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  prov- 
ince and  5  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Utrecht.     Pop.  1790. 

Maas,  a  river  of  Europe.     See  Meuse. 

Maas  (mis)  The  New  (Dutch,  De  Ntenwe  Mans,  di 
nyU''*$h  m&s),  the  right  arm  of  tho  Merwede,  unites  with 
the  lake  at  Krimpen,  South  Holland,  flows  W.,  is  divided  into 
two  branches  by  the  island  of  Roozenburg,  reunites  below 
Briel,  and  falls  into  the  North  Sea. 

Maas,  The  Old  (Dutch,  De  Oude  Maa»,  di.  ow'd?h 
rafts),  tho  left  arm  of  the  Merwede,  unites  with  the  New 
Maas  near  Gcervlite,  South  Holland. 

Maaseyrk,  Maeseyck,  or  Maesyck,  m&'stk,  a  town 
of  Belgium,  Limburg,  on  the  Mouse,  17  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Maestrioht.    It  has  mannfacturtis  of  paper,  hats,  tobacco, 


soap,  and  pottery.  Pop.  4600.  Hubert  Van  Eyck,  a  ce.e- 
brated  painter,  and  his  brother,  John  of  Bruges,  the  reputed 
inventor  of  oil-painting,  were  natives  of  this  place. 

Maasland,  mSs'lSnt,  a  former  department  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, now  included  in  tho  provinces  of  South  Holland 
and  North  Brabant. 

Maasland,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  South  Hol- 
land, 7  miles  W.  of  Rotterdam.     Pop.  2422. 

Maasslnis,  mSs'slois,  or  Maaslandsliiis,  m^^s'lint- 
slois^a  fishing  town  of  the  Netherlands,  South  Holland,  10 
miles  W.  of  Rotterdam,  on  the  New  Maas.  The  excellent 
harbor  is  frequented  by  fishing-vessels.     Pop.  4064. 

Maastricht,  Netherlands.    See  Maestuicht. 

Mabani,or  Uj6  Mabani,oo'ji  mi-bi'nee,  a  town  of 
Africa,  in  Bornoo,  70  miles  S.S.W.  of  Kooka.     Pop.  9000, 

Mab'bcttsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Washington  township,  1^  miles  from  Millbrook,  and 
about  62  miles  S.  of  Albany,  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Ma'bee's,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  0. 

Ma'bel,  a  post-office  of  Linn  co.,  Oregon. 


MAB 


1717 


MAC 


JMabel,  a  post-office  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa. 
jMa'belton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hanover  co.,  Va.,  8  miles 

om  Buiupass  Station.     It  has  a  large  shoe-factory. 

IHa'belvale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ark.,  on 

!o  Cairo  &  Fulton  llailroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Little  Rock, 
has  a  church  and  a  plough-factory. 
Ma'berly,  a  post-village  in  Lanark  co.,  Ontario,  on 
ill  lliver,  21  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Perth.  Itcontains  2  stores, 
flouring-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  100. 
I  Maboom,  mS,*boom',  a  town  of  West  Africa,  lat.  8°  32' 
.,lon.  11°  52'  W. 

Alaboii,  mi-boo',  a  river  of  Nova  Scotia,  enters  the 
ulf  of  St.  Lawrence  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  the  island  of 
upe  Breton.  Its  principal  sources  are  South-West,  South- 
ast,  and  North-East  Rivers.  The  South-West  runs  a 
purse  of  15  miles  from  River  Dennis  Mountain.  The 
3Uth-East  has  its  source  in  Glencoe,  and  runs  a  course  of 
bout  12  miles.  The  North-East  branch  rises  in  Cape  Ma- 
im. The  two  first-named  branches  abound  in  salmon, 
ji-'poreaux,  trout,  eels,  and  smelts.  The  country  along 
iicae  rivers  is  exceedingly  fertile,  and  the  scenery  at  the 
iouth  of  the  harbor  is  very  beautiful.  Vessels  of  heavy 
|)nnage  find  good  anchorage  in  Mabou  Harbor. 
1  Mabou,  a  post-village  in  Inverness  co..  Nova  Scotia, 
In  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Port  Hood. 
!t  has  several  mills  and  a  dozen  stores.  Pop.  600. 
i  Mabou  Coal  Mines,  a  post-village  in  Inverness  co., 
Kova  Scotia,  on  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  7  miles  from 
Mabou.  There  is  a  good  coal  here.  Pop.  250. 
[Mabou  Harbor,  a  post-village  in  Inverness  co.,  Nova 
Icotia,  on  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  3  miles  from  Mabou. 
I  Mabrook,  mi^brook',  a  town  of  Africa,  Sahara,  200 
'ailes  N.E.  of  Timbuctoo,  on  the  route  to  Tripoli. 
I  Macacu,  mi-ki-koo',  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the 
j>rgan  Mountains,  and  flows  S.  to  the  Bay  of  Rio  Janeiro. 
Alacacu,  a  town  of  Brazil,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Rio  Ja- 
feiro. 

I  MacAd'am  Junction,  a  post-village  in  York  co.. 
New  Brunswick,  at  the  junction  of  the  European  <fc  North 
iimerican  and  New  Brunswick  <fc  Canada  Railways,  81 
iiiles  N.W.  of  St.  John.  It  has  2  stores.  MoAdam  Juno- 
lion  is  a  port  of  entry.  Pop.  400. 
Macael,  mi-ki-^l',  a  town  of  Spain,  Andalusia,  36 
liles  N.E.  of  Almoria.  Pop.  1380. 
MacAfce,  mak'a-fee  or  mak-3,f'ee,  a  post-office  of 
jlercer  co.,  Ky.,  at  El  Dorado. 

i  MacAfee's  Valley,  a  jwst-hnmlet  in  Vernon  town- 
hip,  Sussex  CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Sussex  Railroad,  6  miles  N. 
jy  E.  of  Franklin.  It  has  a  church,  a  lime-kiln,  and  an 
|ron-mine. 

i  Macahe,  m2,-kS-hi',  a  seaport  town  of  Brazil,  state 
iif  Rio  Janeiro,  at  the  mouth  of  the  M.acahe  River  in  the 
[3ay  of  Santa  Anna,  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cape  Frio. 

MacAleer',  a  station  in  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
!?rederick  <fc  Pennsylvania  Line  Railroad,  8  miles  N.E.  of 
j?rederick. 

I  MacAle'vy's  Fort,  a  post-village  of  Huntingdon  co., 
iPa.,  in  Ja,,kson  township,  14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lewistown, 
jmd  about  36  miles  E.N.E.  of  Altoona. 
]  Macallah,  or  3Iacalla,  Arabia.  See  Makallah. 
;  MacAI'lister,  or  AIacAI'istcr,a  post-village  of  the 
Choctaw  Nation,  Indian  Territory,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas, 
|k  Texas  Railroad,  60  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Muskogee,  and  97 
jniles  N.E.  of  Dcnison,  Tex.  It  has  a  coal-mine.  Pop. 
jibout  500. 

;  MacAl  lister's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Mont- 
i^omery  co..  Tenn. 

i   MacAI'listerville,  a  post-village  of  Juniata  co.,  Pa., 
fn  Fayette  township,  about  40  miles  N.AV.  of  Harrisburg. 
jtt  has  2  churches  and  a  woollen-factory. 
!   MacAm'ish,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  Kansas.    Pop. 
,1017.     It  contains  Edgarton. 

''  Macans,  mi-kins',  two  contiguous  villages  of  Portu- 
gal, Estrcmadura,  Macans  de  Caminha  (pop.  611)  being  17 
piles  and  Macans  de  Dona  Maria  18  miles  N.E.  of  Tho- 
bar.     Pop.  2502. 

Macao,  mi-kCw'  or  mi-ki'o,  a  town  of  Portugal,  Es- 
itrcinadura,  85  miles  N.E.  of  Lisbon.     Pop.  2944. 

Macao,  mi-k5w',  a  seaport  town  of  the  Portuguese  in 
China,  on  a  peninsula  of  the  island  of  Macao,  at  the  S.W. 
^entrance  of  the  Canton  River,  70  miles  S.S.B.  of  Canton, 
liat.  22°  11'  N. ;  Ion.  113°  32'  E.  The  peninsula,  2i  miles 
fin  length,  by  less  than  a  mile  in  breadth,  is  connected  with 
;thc  mainland  by  a  narrow,  low,  and  sandy  isthmus.  Area, 
1.4  square  miles.  The  town  stands  on  declivities  around  a 
lemicircular  harbor,  the  shore  being  lined  by  an  embanked 
parade  and  a  terrace  of  white  houses,  above  which  Chinese 


and  European  residences  are  curiously  intermingled.  Prin- 
cipal edifices,  the  collegiate  church  of  St.  Joseph,  11  other 
churches,  and  the  senate-house,  besides  some  Chinese  tem- 
ples, and  at  the  end  of  the  town  is  a  mansion  where  Ca- 
mocns  composed  a  great  part  of  his  Lusiad.  Forts  defend 
the  harbor  N.  and  W.  of  the  town,  which  is  fit  only  for 
small  vessels,  and  large  ships  anchor  in  a  roadstead  E.  of 
the  island.  The  educational  seminaries  are  the  college  of 
St.  Joseph,  royal  grammar-school,  and  female  orphan  asy- 
lum. The  Portuguese  authorities  and  others  form  a  senate. 
Macao  was  given  to  the  Portuguese  by  the  Chinese  in  1586, 
in  return  for  assistance  against  pirates ;  but  full  title  was 
not  acquired  till  1863.    It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  71,834. 

Macapa,  mi-ki-pi',  a  town  of  Brazil,  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  Amazon,  200  miles  N.W.  of  Pard,  and  only  3  miles 
N.  of  the  equator.     It  has  a  fort  and  a  considerable  trade. 

Macarsca,  mi-kaas'ki,  a  small  seaport  town  of  Dal- 
matia,  34  miles  S.E.  of  Spalato,  on  the  Adriatic.  Pop. 
1800.  It  is  beautifully  situated  on  a  small  bay,  and  was 
formerly  the  seat  of  a  republic. 

MacAr'thur,  a  river  of  New  South  Wales,  tributary  to 
the  Gloucester. 

MacArthur,  a  river  of  North  Australia,  flows  into  the 
Gulf  of  Carpentaria  on  its  S.W.  side. 

MacAr'thur,  a  township  of  Logan  co.,  0.  Pop.  1406. 
It  contains  Iluntsville. 

MacArthur,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Vinton  co.,  0., 
in  Elk  townsliip,  3  miles  N.  of  McArthur  Station  (Dun- 
das  Post-Office),  which  is  on  the  Marietta  <fc  Cincinnati 
Railroad,  33  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  national  bank,  a  union  school,  3  newspaper 
offices,  2  flour-mills,  a  tannery,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  900. 

MacArthur  Isles,  Pacific  Ocean,  are  off  the  N.E. 
coast  of  Australia,  near  Bird  Isles,  about  lat.  11°  40'  S. 

MacArthur's  River,  Idaho,  rises  near  the  Salmon 
River  Mountains,  runs  southwestward  in  Alturas  co.,  and 
enters  the  Malade  River  about  14  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Macassar,  mi-kis'sar,  or  Mankasser,  min-kis's^r 
(native,  Mangkas'sara),  the  chief  town  of  Celebes,  and  a 
Dutch  settlement  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  on  the  S.W. 
peninsula,  lat.  5°  9'  S.,  Ion.  119°  30'  E.,  250  miles  from 
Borneo.  It  is  admirably  clean.  It  was  made  a  free  port 
in  1846,  and  has  an  extensive  trade,  chiefly  with  China. 
Pop.  20,000.  The  department  of  Macassar  includes  at 
present  only  a  small  part  of  the  island  of  Celebes. 

Macas'sar,  Goa,  go'i,  or  Goack,  go^ik',  a  native 
state  in  the  Dutch  department  of  Macassar,  Celebes  Island, 
in  the  S.W.  peninsula.  It  was  at  one  time  a  powerful 
kingdom,  having  dominion  over  the  greater  part  of  Celebes 
and  also  over  numerous  neighboring  islands.  Pop.  about 
70,000.  The  Strait  op  Macassar  separates  the  islands  of 
Borneo  and  Celebes.  It  varies  in  breadth  from  70  to  240 
miles,  and  contains  the  Paternoster,  Poolo  Laut,  and  Par- 
maroong  Islands. 

Macau,  mi^ko',  a  town  of  France,  in  Qironde,  11  miles 
N.  of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  1805. 

Macauba,  mi-kow'bi,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  370 
miles  W  S.W.  of  Bahia. 

MacAu'ley,  a  station  in  Columbia  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Catawissa  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of  Catawissa. 

31a9ayo,  or  Maceio,  mi-si-o',  a  town  of  Brazil,  capital 
of  the  state  of  Alagoas,  near  the  Atlantic.  Lat.  38°  4'  S. ; 
Ion.  35°  44'  AV.  Pop.  10,000.  Its  harbor  is  protected  from 
the  ocean  by  a  reef  of  rocks.  It  has  good  piers,  and  a  largo 
export  of  cotton,  rum,  and  sugar. 

MacBean'  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richmond  co., 
Ga.,  on  the  Central  Railroad,  20  miles  S.  of  Augusta. 

MacBride's',  a  post-village  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich., 
in  Day  township,  on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  &  Northern  Rail- 
road, a  few  miles  N.E.  of  Stanton.  It  has  several  lumber- 
mills.     Pop.  about  500. 

MacBride's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVatauga  co., 
N.C.,  55  miles  S.S.B.  of  Abingdon,  Va.     It  has  2  churches. 

Maccai,  mik^ki',  a  town  on  the  E.  coast  of  Africa,  on 
the  Massangzance.  which  empties  itself  into  the  sea  about 
20  miles  N.  of  Sofala.     Lat.  19°  15'  S. 

MacCain'  Point,  a  post-office  of  Palo  Pinto  co.,  Tes. 

MacCains'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J , 
in  Roxbury  township,  on  the  Morris  Canal,  and  on  a  branch 
of  the  Central  Railro.ad,  at  Kenvil  Station,  4  miles  W.  of 
Dover.     It  has  a  powder-mill. 

MacCail',  a  post-office  and  station  of  Hancock  co., 
111.,  on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  &  AVarsaw  Railroad,  12i  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Keokuk,  Iowa. 

MacCal'la,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Jefi"erson  co., 
Ala.,  on  the  Alabama  <fc  Chattanooga  Railroad,  17  miles 
S.AV.  of  Birmingham.     It  has  a  church. 


MAO 


1718 


MAC 


IWacCalPs  Creek,  a  post-offloe  of  Franklin  oo.,  Miss., 
10  milea  W,  of  Brookbaven. 

MaoCalPa  Ferry,  a  statton  in  Lancaster  oo.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Columbia  A  Port  Deposit  Ilailrond,  and  on  tbe  Susque- 
hanna River,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Columbia. 

MacCall's  Ferry,  a  post-hamlot  of  York  oo..  Pa.,  on 
the  Su.iquohanna  Hirer,  in  Loirer  Chancefurd  township, 
about  45  miles  S.E.  of  Ilarrisburg. 

MncCnI'mont,  a  township  of  Jefferson  oo.,  Pa.   P.  483. 

Mnccnlaba,m&k^k&-loo'b&,  a  remarkable  mud-voloano 
of  Sicily,  6  miles  N.  of  Girgenti.     It  is  frequently  active. 

MacCatn'cron,  a  post-township  of  Martin  co.,  Ind., 
about  42  milos  E.X.E.  of  Vinconnos.  It  contains  6  churches. 
Pop.  985. 

MacCamish,  Johnson  co.,  Kansas.    See  MacAuirr. 

MncCam'mon,  a  post-oflice  of  Hot  Spring  co.,  Ark. 

Mac'can,  a  post-villnge  in  Cumberland  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  Maccan  River,  and  on  the  Intercolonial  Rail- 
way, 9  milos  S.  of  Amherst.  It  has  a  woollen-mill,  a  tan- 
nery, and  3  stores.  There  are  coal-mines  in  the  neighbor- 
hood.    Pop.  250. 

MacCand'less,  township,  Alleghany  co..  Pa.     P.  957. 

MacCandless,  a  station  on  the  Alleghany  Valley 
Railroad,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

MacCandless,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  oo.,  Pa.,  Smiles 
N.  of  Butler.     Coal  is  mined  near  it. 

Mac'can  In't6rvale,orLittlc  Forks,  a  post-village 
in  Cumberland  co..  Nova  Scotia,  5  miles  from  Athol.  It 
contains  several  stores.     Pop.  250. 

Mac'can  River,  a  small  river  which  falls  into  the  Cum- 
berland Basin,  at  the  head  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  Nova 
Scotia.     It  is  navigable  for  5  miles  for  vessels  of  100  tons. 

MacCann's'  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co..  Pa. 

Macc'ants',  a  post-office  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa. 

MacCar'thy  (or  M'Carthy,  mak-kar'thee)  Island 
(native,  Janjan  BitrS,  jin'jin'  boo'ri),  an  island  of  West 
Africa,  belonging  to  Great  Britain,  in  the  Gambia  River, 
127  miles  from  its  month.  Area,  3  square  miles.  Pop. 
IGOO,  mostly  liberated  Africans. 

MacCart'ney's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Do  Kalb  CO.,  Mo.,  about  28  miles  E.  of  St.  Joseph.  ; 

MacCar'tyville,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  0. 

MacCauley,  mak-kaw'le,  a  station  in  Clearfield  co.. 
Pa.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Tyrone  &  Clearfield  Railroad,  7 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Osceola. 

MacCauleyville,  a  post-village  of  Wilkin  co.,  Minn., 
on  the  Red  River  of  the  North,  about  30  milos  S.  of  Moore- 
head.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  117. 

Maccherio,  raik-k4're-o,  or  Macherio,  m8,-ki're-o, 
a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Milan,  near  the  Lambro. 

Macchiavalfortore,  mik'ke-l-vil-foR-to'r4,  a  town 
of  Italy,  province  and  16  miles  E.  of  Campobasso. 

MacCla'ry,  a  post-office  of  Livingston  co..  III. 

MacCleary,  mak-klcer'e,  a  post-office  of  Noble  co., 
0.,  at  East  Union. 

MacCleary,  a  post-office  of  Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  about  25 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Pittsburg. 

MacClclMan,  a  township  of  Newton  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Illinois  line,  and  on  Beaver  Lake.     Pop.  141. 

MacClellan,  a  hamlet  of  Frankliu  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Moira 
township,  3i  miles  from  Moira.     It  has  a  butter-factory. 

MacClel'land's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Worth  co.,  Ga. 

MacClel'landsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  New  Castle  co., 
Del.,  on  or  near  the  Pennsylvania  <t  Delaware  Railroad, 
about  2  miles  N.  of  Newark.  It  has  a  church  and  a  car- 
riage-shop. 

MacClel'landtOAvn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.. 
Pa.,  8  miles  W.  of  Uniontown.  It  has  2  churches.  Coal  is 
found  here. 

MacClel'lan  Gulch,  a  post-village  of  Deer  Lodge  co., 
Montana,  50  miles  N.W.  of  Helena.     Gold  is  found  here. 

MacClel'lanville,  a  post-village  of  Charleston  co., 
S.C,  about  40  miles  N.E.  from  Charleston.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Mac'clesfield,  a  borough  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Chester,  at  a  railway  junction,  17  miles  S.  of  Manchester. 
It  is  built  on  an  acclivity,  and  has  several  handsome  streets, 
a  large  church,  a  grammar-school  founded  in  1502  (annual 
revenue  £900),  a  town  hall,  ancient  jail,  assembly-rooms, 
theatre,  news-room,  library,  3  banks,  3  newspaper  offices, 
and  a  spacious  market-house.  It  has  extensive  manufact- 
ures of  various  silk  fabrics  and  upholsterers'  trimmings,  nnd 
some  cotton-mills.  Coal  is  plentiful,  and  a  canal  joins  that 
of  Peak  Forest,  thus  connecting  with  Manchester  and  Lon- 
don. It  gives  the  title  of  earl  to  the  Parker  family.  Pop. 
in  1891,  36,009. 

MacCliu'tockvillc,  a  post-rillage  of  Venango  co.,Pa., 


in  Cornplanter  township,  on  Oil  Crock,  and  on  the  Oil 
Creek  A  Alleghany  River  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Oil  City 

MacClu'ney,  or  MacLu'ncy,  a  post-hamlot  of  Pcrrr 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Cincinnati  A  Muskingum  Valley  Itailroftj 
16  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Zanesvillo.     Coal  is  mined  here.        ' 

MacClure,  mak-kloor',  a  township  of  Alleghany  eo 
Pa.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  near  Alleghany  City.     Pop.  8816.'' 

MacClure,  a  post-hamlet  of  Snyder  co..  Pa.,  on  tbt 
Lewistown  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  17  miiei 
N.E.  of  Lewistown.     It  has  a  church,  a  hotel,  Ac. 

MacClure,  a  post-office  of  Buchanan  co.,  Va. 

MacClure  Settlement,  a  post-hamlot  of  Broomt  so. 
N.Y.,  in  Sanford  township,  4  miles  from  Deposit.  It  hai  a 
church. 

MacCinrg,  Johnson  co.,  Mo.    See  Behtoiv. 

MacCom  b,  mak-kOm',  a  post-village  of  Pike  co.,  M  i 
on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  A  Chicago  Railroad,  lOo  i 
N.  of  New  Orleans.     It  has  several  stores.    P.  (1890)  l'„,,„. 

MacComb,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co.,  0.,  in  I'lew- 
ant  township,  about  44  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Toledo,  and  9 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Findlay.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  417. 

MacCombc's  (mak-komz')  Mountain,  New  York,  a 
peak  of  the  Adirondacks,  in  Essex  co.,  about  7  miles  S.E. 
of  Dix's  Peak,  near  the  source  of  Schroon  River.  Its  altitud* 
is  4371  feet. 

MacCon'nell,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ga. 

MacConnell,  Tennessee.     See  Edoah. 

MacConnell's,  a  post-office  of  Tuscaloosa  co.,  Ala. 

MacConnell's,  a  station  of  Sacramento  co.,  Cal.,on  tbe 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  19  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Sacramento. 

MacCon'nellsburg,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Fulton 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Todd  township,  in  a  fertile  valley,  at  the  baf« 
of  Cove  Mountain,  about  20  miles  W.  of  ChauberBburj;. 
It  is  surrounded  by  picturesque  scenery.  It  contains  4 
churches,  3  schools,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  tanneries,  and  a 
foundry  with  a  machine-shop.     Pop.  in  18',)0,  394. 

MacCon'nell's  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stephenson 
CO.,  III.,  in  Waddams  township,  7  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lena. 
It  has  a  church. 

MacConnell's  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
Pa.,  in  Chartiers  township,  2  miles  from  Houstonville  Sta- 
tion.    It  has  a  grist-mill. 

MacCon'nellstOAVn,  a  post-village  of  Huntingdon 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Walker  township,  on  the  Huntingdon  A  Vrooil 
Top  Railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Huntingdon.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  foundry,  and  2  flour-mills. 

MacCon'nel  I  s  vil  I  e,  a  post-village  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Vienna  township,  on  the  Rome,  Watertown  A  Ogdens- 
burg  Railroad,  27  miles  W.N.W.  of  Utica.  It  hag  a  church, 
a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  118. 

MacConnellsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co.,  S.C, 
on  the  Chester  A  Lenoir  Railroad,  12  miles  N.  of  Chester, 
It  has  2  stores  and  an  academy. 

MacCounelsville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Morgan 
CO.,  0.,  in  Morgan  township,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Mus- 
kingum River,  .-.bout  27  miles  below  Zanesville,  and  30  niilej 
W.N.W.  of  Marietta.  It  contains  6  churches,  a  national 
bank,  a  union  school,  2  flouring-mills,  a  foundry,  2  news- 
paper offices,  and  a  sash-  and  door-factory.  In  the  vicinity 
of  this  place  are  extensive  salt-works.     Pop.  (1890)  1771. 

MacCook',  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  South  Dakota. 
Area,  580  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  tlie  East  and 
West  Forks  of  the  Vermilion  River.  The  surface  is  diver- 
sified. This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago  &  North- 
western and  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  A  Omalia  Rail- 
roads.    Capital,  Salem.     Pop.  in  1880, 1283 ;  in  1890.  6448. 

MacCord',  a  township  of  Bond  co.,  lU.  Pop.  1433.  It 
contains  Pleasant  Prairie. 

MacCords'ville,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co.,  Ind., 
in  Vernon  township,  on  the  Cleveland,  Columbus,  Cincin- 
nati A  Indianapolis  Railroad,  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  India- 
napolis.    It  has  a  church  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  168. 

MacCow'an,  a  village  and  station  of  Delaware  co., 
Ind.,  in  Monroe  township,  on  the  Fort  Wayne,  Muncie  4 
Cincinnati  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Muncie.  It  has  several 
churches.     Here  is  Cowan  Post-Office.     Pop.  about  150. 

MacCoy's'  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Decatur  ti., 
Ind.,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  A  Lafayette  Railroad, 
60  miles  S.E.  of  Indianapolis.     It  has  a  tile-factory. 

MacCoy's  Station,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,0, 
on  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  Cleveland  A  Pittsburg  Rail- 
road, 12  miles  N.  of  Steubenville.     It  has  a  church. 

MacCoys'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Juniata  co.,  Pa^ 
about  12  miles  S.  of  Lewistown.  It  has  a  church  and  » 
flour-mill. 

MacCrack'en,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Kentucky, 
has  an  area  of  about  250  square  miles.    It  is  bounded  OD 


MAC 


1719 


MAC 


le  N.E.  by  the  Ohio  and  Tennessee  Rivers,  the  latter  of 
bich  enters  the  former  at  Piiducah.  It  is  partly  drained 
\  Mayfield  Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level.  The  soil 
fertile.  Tobacco,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
loducts.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Newport  News  &  Mis- 
wippi  Valley,  St.  Louis,  Alton  <fc  Terre  Haute,  and  Padu- 
'h,  Tennessee  <fc  Alabama  Railroads,  which  connect  with 
'iducah,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,988;  in  1880, 
1.262;  in  1890,  21,051. 

iMacCray',  a  post-hamlet  of  Alamance  cc,  N.C.,  8 
iiles  (direct)  N.  of  Graham. 

iMacCre'die,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Callaway  co., 
lO.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  8  miles 
I  of  Fulton. 

[MacCul'loch,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Te.tas, 
is  an  area  of  about  1000  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
Jb  N.  by  the  Colorado  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the 
iln  Saba  River  and  by  Brady's  Creek,  which  runs  through 
jB  S.  central  part  of  the  county,  from  W.  to  E.,  and  enters 
»  San  Saba  in  San  Saba  co.  Indian  corn,  grass,  and 
irk  are  among  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Rrady.  Pop. 
;il880,  1533;  in  1890,  3217. 

iNacCulloch's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Juniata  co., 
!.,  about  12  miles  S.  of  Lewistown.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
jist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

iMacCune,  mak-kun',  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co., 
'msas,  in  Osago  township,  on  the  Memphis,  Kansas  & 
'lorado  Railroad,  15  miles  E.  of  Parsons. 
iMacCuneville,  mak-kun'vil,  a  post-village  of  Perry 

t,  0.,  on  the  Straitsville  division  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
ilroad,  41  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Newark.  It  has  a  church, 
■!  dwellings,  a  coal-mine,  and  a  manufactory  of  salt.  Pop. 
ijout  250. 

pMacCutch'anville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vanderburg  co., 
'k\.,  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Evansville.     It  has  2  churches. 

iniacCutch'enville,  a  post-village  of  Wyandotte  co., 
•i  on  the  Sandusky  River,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Adrian  Station, 
iU  about  12  miles  S.  of  Tiffin.     It  has  2  churches. 

MacDade',  a  post-hamlet  of  Bastrop  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
istin  Branch  of  the  Houston  &  Texas  Central  Railroad, 
J  miles  E.  of  Austin.     It  has  6  general  stores, 

MacDan'iel,  township,  Sampson  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  843. 

i>IacDanieI's,  a  station  in  Gordon  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
$stern  &  Atlantic  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Calhoun. 

i>IacDaniels,  a  post-office  of  Breckenridge  co.,  Ky. 

llacDaniel's,  a  post-office  of  Gallia  co.,  0. 

,»IacDan'ielto\vn,  a  post-office  of  Talbot  co.,  Md. 

placDill',  a  post-office  of  Cass  co.,  Iowa. 

jttacDill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Portage  co..  Wig.,  in  Plover 
trnship,  IJ  miles  from  Stevens  Point.  It  has  a  grist-mill 
tl  a  saw-mill. 

VlacDon'ald,  the  most  southwestern  county  of  Mis- 
8;ri,  borders  on  Arkansas.  Area,  about  580  square  miles. 
lis  drained  by  Elk  or  Cowskin  River.  The  surface  is  un- 
d|ating  or  hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests 
o,the  oak,  pine,  cedar,  <fec.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  In- 
dm  corn,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Lead 
i|ound  here.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Kansas 
Cy,  Fort  Smith  <fc  Southern  Railroad.  Capital,  Pineville. 
lb.  in  1870,  5226;  in  1860,  7816;  in  1890,  11,283. 

uacDonald,  a  small  post-village  of  Thomas  co.,  Qa., 
Imiles  N.  of  Boston  Railroad  Station,  surrounded  by  pino 
f:cst3.     It  has  a  church. 

:^IacDonald,  a  post-village  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich., 
ajDeerfield  Station  on  the  Chicago  &  West  Michigan  Rail- 
rd,  4  miles  S.  of  Bangor. 

MacDonald,  a  township  of  Barry  co..  Mo.     Pop.  509. 

UacDonald,  a  township  of  Jasper  co..  Mo.     P.  2035. 

MacDonald,  a  township  of  Hardin  co.,  0.  Pop.  900. 
JVlncDonald,  a  post-borough  of  Washington  co..  Pa., 
iCecil  and  Robinson  townships,  on  the  Pan-Handle  Rail- 
r(l,  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a  church  and 
J[t)Ilieries.     Pop.  in  1880,  425 ;  in  1890,  1698. 

[lacDonald,  a  poet-office  of  Bradley  co.,  Tenn.,  and 
n';ation  on  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Rail- 
r'd,  21  miles  E.N.E.  of  Chattanooga. 

;IIacDonald  Mills,  post-office,  Montgomery  co.,  Va. 

|IacDonald's,  a  station  in  Butler  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cin- 
c;aati,  Hamilton  <fc  Indianapolis  Railroad,  2  miles  N.W. 
o;Oxford. 

jlacDonald's  Corners,  a  post-village  in  Lanark 
Oi  Ontario,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  26  miles  N.  of  Perth. 

SacDonald's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coff6e  co.,  Ga., 
othe  Brunswick  &  Albany  Railroad,  82  miles  W.  of  Bruns- 
»'k.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  100. 

'tacDonald's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  Miss. 

lacOonald's  Foint,  a  post-hamlet  in  Queens  co., 


New  Brunswick,  on  the  river  St.  John,  6  miles  from  Wick- 
ham.     Pop.  200. 

MacDun'aldsville,  a  post-bamlet  of  Stark  co.,  0., 
about  9  miles  N.W.  of  Canton. 

MacDonogh,  mak-don'g,,  a  station  on  the  Western 
Maryland  Railroad,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Baltimore,  Md. 

MacDonough,  mak-don'a,  a  county  in  the  W.  part 
of  Illinois,  has  an  area  of  580  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  Crooked  Creek  and  other  creeks.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating or  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and 
woodlands,  the  former  of  which  are  more  extensive  than 
the  latter.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats, 
hay,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Many  mines 
of  bituminous  coal  have  been  opened  in  this  county.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  and 
Toledo,  Peoria  <fe  Western  Railroads,  the  former  of  which 
connects  with  Macomb,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  26,509  ; 
in  1880,  27,970;  in  1890,  27,467. 

MacDoiiongh,  a  post-hamlet  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del., 
about  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Wilmington, 

MacDonough,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Henry  co., 
Ga.,  about  33  miles  S.S.E.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  seminary,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  320. 

MacDonough,  a  post-village  in  McDonough  town- 
ship, Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Geneganset  Creek,  about  30 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Binghamton.  It  has  2  churches,  a  wool- 
len-mill, and  2  carriage-shops.  Pop.  256;  of  the  town- 
ship, 1277. 

MacDou'gal,  a  post-office  of  Ritchie  co.,  W.  Va. 

MacDou'gall's,  a  post-office  of  Seneca  co.,  N.Y. 

MacDow'ell,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  North  Caro- 
lina, has  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Catawba  River,  which  rises  in  it.  The  Blue  Ridge, 
here  nearly  6000  feet  high,  extends  along  the  W.  border  of 
this  county.  A  large  part  of  the  surface  is  mountainous 
and  covered  with  forests.  The  valleys  produce  pasture, 
Indian  corn,  Ac.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Richmond  & 
Danville  and  Charleston,  Cincinnati  &  Chicago  Railroads, 
both  of  which  connect  with  Marion,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  7592;  in  1880,  9836;  in  1890,  10,939. 

MacDoweil,  the  most  southern  county  of  West  Vir- 
ginia, h.as  an  area  of  about  680  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Tug  Fork  of  Sandy  River,  which  rises  in  it.  The 
surface  is  partly  mountainous,  and  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests.  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  grass  are  the  staple 
products  of  the  soil.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Norfolk  & 
Western  Railroad.  Capital,  Peerysville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
1962  ;  in  1880,  3074;  in  1890,  7300. 

MacDoweil,  a  post-office  of  Maricopa  co.,  Arizona. 

MacDoweil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  111.,  on 
the  Vermilion  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  Paducah  Rail- 
road, 4  miles  S.E.  of  Pontiac.     It  has  a  church. 

MacDoweil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barry  co..  Mo.,  10  milei 
S.  of  Verona  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

MacDoweil,  a  post-village  of  Highland  co.,  Va.,  36 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Staunton.  It  has  2  churches,  and  minea 
of  iron  ore  (hematite). 

3IacDowell  Farm,  a  post-office  of  Kankakee  co., 
III.,  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Kankakee.     Here  is  a  church. 

MacDoAvell's,  a  station  in  Sumter  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Gainesville  Branch  of  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  5  miles 
S.W.  of  Gainesville. 

MacDowell's,  a  station  in  Sumter  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Alabama  Central  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of  Demopolis. 

MacDutf',  a  burgh  and  seaport  town  of  Scotland,  co. 
and  1  mile  E.  of  Banff,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  line 
bridge  across  the  Deveron.  Pop.  4000.  It  has  an  excellent 
artificial  harbor,  a  good  trade,  and  fishery,  and  is  connected 
by  railroad  with  Aberdeen. 

MacDurfie,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Georgia,  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  Little  River,  and  is  also  drained  by 
Brier  Creek.  Area,  350  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Georgia  Railroad,  which  passes  through  Thomson,  the 
capital  of  the  county.     Pop.  in  1880,  9449;  in  1890,  8789. 

Mace,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ind.,  6  miles 
S.E.  of  Crawfordsville.  It  is  on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloom- 
ington  &  Western  Railroad.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill, 
blacksmith-shops,  a  carriage-factory,  &c. 

Macedon,  mas'se-dgn,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Macedon  township,  on  the  Erie  Canal,  and  on  the 
New  York  Central  Railroad,  18  miles  E.S.E.  of  Rochgeter, 
It  has  3  churches,  a  union  school,  a  grist-mill,  a  machine- 
shop,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  533;  of  the  township,  2564. 

Macedon,  a  post-hamlet  in  Washington  township, 
Mercer  co.,  0.,  about  36  miles  N.W.  of  Piqua. 

Macedon  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Macedon  town- 
ship, Wayne  oo,,  N,Y.,  about  15  milea  N.  of  Canandaigua, 


MAC 


1720 


MAC 


and  1  mile  N.  of  the  New  York  Coutrul  Railroad.  It  oon- 
tuins  iin  ncmloiny  nnii  3  churclio?. 

Macedonia,  niM-ae-Uo'no-f^,  nn  unoient  and  colobratcd 
country  of  Europe,  lying  immediately  N.  of  Qreoco,  now 

ehielly  inolu<led  in  the  Turkish  province  of  Roumelia. 

Adj.  iind  iithiib.  Macbdomah,  moa-io-do'no-qji. 

Alaceduiiin.    See  Uuuublia. 

Alnrcdoiiia,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  oo.,  Qa. 

Alucuduiiiat  mas-se-do'ne-^  a  post-village  of  Hamil- 
ton c«>.,  III.,  10  miles  W.  by  S.  of  MoLoansburough,  and 
about  32  miles  E.  of  Duquoin.  It  has  2  ohurohes,  a  bank- 
in^-liouse,  and  a  tobacoo-faotory. 

Miicudomai  a  pa^t-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Moiiruo  township,  3  miles  from  McCowan  Station.  It  has 
a  ohuruh. 

Mnccdonia«  a  post-hamlet  of  Pottawattamie  oo.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Nishnitbatona  River,  14  miles  N.  of  Emerson  Station. 
Pop.  of  Macedonia  township,  451. 

Jnacedoiiia,  a  post-office  of  Lee  co.,  Miss.,  8  miles  W. 
of  Saltillu  Uiiilroivd  Station. 

Macudonia,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  oo.,  N.C., 
about  GO  miles  E.  of  Charlotte. 

Macedonia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Susquehanna  River,  4  or  5  miles  E.  of  Towanda. 

Macedonia  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Summit  co.,  0., 
on  the  Cleveland  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  20  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Cleveland.  It  has  a  church,  a  oheese-faotory,  and  2  or  3 
■tores.     Pop.  about  400. 

Maceio,  a  town  of  Brazil.    See  Macato. 

MacElhat'tan,  or  Rock'ville,  a  post-village  of  Clin- 
ton 00.,  Pa.,  at  Wayne  Station  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie 
Railroad,  and  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Suaquehanna,  5 
miles  E.  of  Look  Haven.  It  has  several  churches,  a  flour- 
mill,  a  steam  saw-mill,  <!fcc. 

Macello,  mi-chfil'lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  3  miles  from 
Pinerolo,  on  the  Chisono.     Pop.  205G. 

MacElrath',  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Ark.,  10 
miles  from  Newport  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

MacElroy',  a  post-office  of  Doddridge  co.,  W.  Va. 

Maccrata,  mi-ch4-ri'tA,  a  town  of  Italy,  the  capital 
of  a  province  of  the  same  name,  21  miles  S.  of  Ancona,  on 
an  emiuenuo  above  the  Potenza,  midway  between  the  Apen- 
nines and  the  sea.  It  is  walled,  and  has  6  gates.  The 
streets  in  general  are  straight,  spacious,  and  clean,  and 
lined  with  handsome  houses  and  several  palaces.  The  square 
in  the  centre  is  of  great  extent,  and  contains  the  cathedral, 
the  provincial  palace,  .and  theatre.  There  are  also  6  other 
churches  and  1  or  2  convents.  Macerata  is  the  see  of  a 
bishop,  and  has  a  court  of  first  resort,  an  appeal  court,  a 
nniversity,  a  museum,  a  library,  and  2  literary  societies. 
Pon.  19,831. 

Macerata,  a  fertile  province  of  Italy,  in  the  Marches, 
traversed  by  the  Apennines,  and  bounded  E.  by  the  Adriatic. 
Area,  1057  square  miles.    Capital,  Macer.ata.    Pop.  236,994. 

Maoerata-Feltria,  mi-ch4-ri'ti  fdl'tre-A,  a  village 
of  Italy,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Urbino.     Pop.  2196. 

Maceriac,  the  Latin  name  of  Maz^rrs. 

Maceriae  Maderiacum,  the  Latin  for  Mezi^res. 

Mace's,  a  station  in  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Lowell 
A  Andover  Railroad,  3  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Lowell.  It  is  also 
on  the  Salem  &,  Lowell  Railroad. 

iMace's  Bay,  a  post-village  in  Charlotte  co..  New 
Brunswick,  on  Mace's  Bay,  an  arm  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy, 
about  30  miles  W.  by  S.  of  St.  John.     Pop.  100. 

Mace's  Hole,  a  post-office  of  Pueblo  co.,  Col. 

Macestus,  ancient  name  of  the  Soosigiiirlee-Soo. 

Mac  Ew'en's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  N.Y., 
1  mile  from  Gloversville. 

MacEwen  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Humphreys  oo., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Nashville  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  57  miles 
W.  of  Nashville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  steam  flour-mill. 

MacEw'ensville,  a  post-borough  of  Northumberland 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Delaware  township,  about  16  miles  N.W.  of 
Danville,  and  2  miles  E.  of  the  Philadelphia  <fc  Erie  Rail- 
road. It  has  5  churches,  an  academy,  and  manufactures 
of  onrriages,  furniture,  Ac.     Pop.  342. 

MacFad'den,  a  post-village  of  York  co.,  Neb.,  on  the 
West  Fork  of  the  Big  Blue  River,  about  50  miles  W.  by  S. 
of  Lincoln.  It  has  a  grist-mill,  and  manufactures  of  car- 
riages and  farming-implements. 

MacFarMan,  a  township  of  Hardin  co..  111.     P.  827. 

MacFar'land,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co..  Neb.,  8 
miles  N.  of  Lincoln. 

MacFarland,  a  post-village  of  Dane  co.,  Wis.,  on  the 
Catfish  River,  in  Dunn  township,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee &  St.  Paul  Railro.ad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Madison,  and 
I  mile  from  Lake  Eegonsa.     It  has  a  church. 


50 


MacFarland's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  oo.,  T«, 
miles  iS.  o(  Columbus.  *' 

MacFarland's,  a  post-office  of  Lunenburg  co.,  Va 

Macliiahcysville,  mi|,k-ga'hiz-vll,  a  post-villa|{e  of 
Rockingham  co.,  Va.,  10  miles  from  Harrisonburg.  R  hai 
2  ohurohes  and  a  graded  school.  Iron  ore  abounds  her*. 
Pot),  about  300. 

MacGar'vey,  a  station  in  Blair  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania  Railroad,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Altoona. 

MacGav'ock,  a  post-office  of  Mississippi  co.,  Ark.  on 
the  Missis8ipi)i  River. 

MacGee's'  Switch,  a  station  in  Holmes  co.,  MK 
on  the  Mississippi  Central  Railroad,  41  mfles  N.  bv  £1 
of  Canton. 

MacGe'hee  Land'ing,  a  post-office  of  Bolivar  oo_j 
Miss.  I 

MacGe'hec'8,  a  station  of  Montgomery  co.,  Aln.,  on 
the  Mobile  &  Montgomery  Railroad,  10  miles  S.S.W,  of 
Montgomery. 

MacGhee's',  a  station  in  Jefferson  oo..  Pa.,  on  the  Low 
Grade  Railroad,  17  miles  E.  of  Brookville. 

MacGili',  a  post-office  of  Paulding  oo.,  0. 

Mac^Gillicud'dy   Keeks,   the   loftiest   mounlnin- 
range  in  Ireland,  Munster,  co.  of  Kerry,  extcmiin 
about  10  miles,  between  Lake  Killarney  on  the  K.  him 
Carra  on  the  W.     Height  of  Carran-Tual,  the  higliiM  i 
3414  feet. 

MacGil'livray,  Ireland,  or  Flan'igan's,  a  poii. 
village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Irftndon. 
It  liii«  a  grist-mill  and  several  stores.     Pop.  300. 

MacGillivray  River.    Sec  Kootenay  Kiver. 

MacGirk's',  a  station  in  Moniteau  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  California,  Mo.      I 

MacGon'igle's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ilutlcij 
CO.,  0,,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  «fc  Indiuuapolis  Itiil. 
road,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Hamilton.  It  has  a  church.  Pop. 
about  200. 

MacGow'an's  Mills,  a  station  in  Doddridge  oo.,  VI. 
Va.,  on  the  Middle  Island  Railroad,  20  miles  from  Sniithton. 

MacGraw',  a  post-office  of  Warren  co.,  Pa. 

MacGraws'vilie,  a  post-office  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Columbus  <S;  Indiana  Central  Railroad,  20  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Logansport. 

MacGraw'ville,  a  post-village  of  Cortland  co.,  N.Y. 
in  Cortlandville  township,  about  32  miles  S.  of  Syracuse, 
and  4  miles  E.  of  Cortland.  It  contains  3  cburclies,  s 
union  school  or  academy,  and  a  corset-factory.    Pop.  6.'t7. 

MacGreg'or,  a  city  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Mis- 
sissippi River,  opposite  Prairie  du  Chien,  65  miles  by  rai 
S.  of  La  Crosse,  and  53  miles  N.N.W.  of  Dubuque.  It  it 
on  the  Chicago,  Dubuque  &  Minnesota  Railroad,  and  ii 
adjacent  to  North  McGregor,  which  is  on  the  Chicago,  llilj 
waukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad.  It  contains  a  national  banki 
a  high  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  5  churches,  am; 
has  manufactures  of  carriages,  sleighs,  lumber,  and  wind  | 
mills.  A  bridge  crosses  the  river  here.  Pop.  in  ItiUO,  1181) 
exclusive  of  North  McGregor.  ! 

MacGuirc',  a  township  of  Marion  co..  111.    Pop.  1161 

Machado,  ml-chi'do,  post-office,  Los  Angeles  co.,  Cnl 

Machecoul,  mish'kool'  (L.  Machico'lium),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Loire-Inferieure,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Nante»,  or 
the  Falleron.  It  was  anciently  the  capital  of  the  duchy  oli 
Retz.     Pop.  1781.  I 

Macheenwara,  mi-cheen-wi'ri,  a  town  of  India,  <l 
miles  S.  of  the  Sutlej,  and  20  miles  E.  of  Loodianah.   _    | 

Machelen,  niiK'§-l?n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  proTinc<| 
of  Etist  Flanders,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Ghent.     Pep.  2o0t».     i 

Machell's  Corners,  Ontario.    See  Aurora.  i 

MacHen'ry,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  p.artof  Illinois,  bor- 
ders on  Wisconsin.  Area,  about  624  square  miles.  It  ii 
intersected  by  the  Fox  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Kish- 
waukee  River,  which  rises  in  it.  The  surface  is  nearly  lefsl 
and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  forests.  The  soil  isverj 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  onts,  hay,  cattle,  butter,  ani 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  Silurian  limestone  underlie: 
part  of  the  soil.  This  county  is  intersected  by  3  branche; 
of  the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  namely,  tbeO»lcni 
division,  the  Wisconsin  division,  and  the  Kenosha  A  Kock 
ford  Branch.  Capital,  Woodstock.  Pop.  in  1870,  23,762 
in  ISSO,  24,908;  in  1890,  26,114. 

MacHenry,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  North  Dakota 
has  an  aren,  of  about  1476  squ.are  miles.  It  is  intersect* 
by  the  Scmris  or  Mouse  River,  and  traversed  by  the  Orei 
Northern  Railroad,  which  passes  through  Towner,  the  cap 
ital.     Pop.  in  1890,  1684. 

MacHenry,  a  post-village  of  McIIenry  co.,  III.,  " 
Mcllenry  township,  on  Fox  River,  and  on  the  Cbioagi 


MAC 


1721 


MAC 


Northwestern  Railroad,  23  miles  N.  of  Elgin,  and  50  miles 
,N.\V.  of  Cliicago.     It  has  a  newspaper  office,  4  churches, 
y  a  manufactory  of  farming-implements.      Steamboats 
In  from  tills  place  to  Fox  Lake,  7  miles.     Pop.  of  the 
Wnship,  in  1890,  2555;  of  the  village,  979. 
'MacIIeiiry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ohio  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
kuisvillc,  Paducah  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  21  miles  N.E. 
j  Greenville.     It  has  a  church.     Coal  is  mined  here. 
■MacHenry,  a  post-office  of  Garrett  co.,  Md. 
iMacIIenry,  a  township  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.    P.  309. 
jJHacherio,  a  village  of  Italy.     See  Maccheuio. 
jMachciia,  m.\-shfiii'li,  a  town  of  British  India,  presi- 
Incy  of  Madras,  district  and  70  miles  W.  of  Guntoor. 
'Macherry,  a  principality  of  India.    See  Alvar. 
iMach^ga'oii,  or  Maclih^ga'on,  a  port  of  India,  in 
lissa,  on  the  navigable  river  Devi,  9  miles  from  the  Bay 
•  Bengal,  53  miles  S.E.  of  Cuttack  by  canal.     It  is  acces- 
!)Ie  to  small  sea-going  vessels,  and  has  a  largo  rice-trade. 
[Jttachiana,  mi-che-S.'n3,,  a  small  island  of  Brazil,  at 
jB  mouth  of  the  Amazon  River,  between  the  islands  of 
iannes  and  Caviana,  in  lat.  0°  5'  S.,  Ion.  49°  40'  W. 
jMachiaS)  match-J'as,  a  port  of  entry  and  the  capital 
j  Washington  co..  Me.,  is  on  the  Machias  River,  in  a 
ivnship  of  the  same  name,  about  10  miles  from  the  Atlan- 
I  Ocean,  and  70  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Bangor.     It  is  mainly 
foported   by  the  coast-trade,   the    lumber-business,  and 
|ip-building.    Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here, 
jachias  has  5  churches,  a  high  school,  a  savings-bank, 
reral  saw-mills,  and  sash-  and  blind-factories.     Pop.  of 
je  township,  2525. 

Machias,  a  post-village  in  Machias  township,  Catta- 
fugus  CO.,  N.Y.,  1  mile  from  the  Buffalo,  New  York  <fe 
ailadelphia  Railroad  (Machias  Station),  and  43  miles 
S.E.  of  Buffalo,  also  on  the  Rochester  &  State  Line  Rail- 
jtid,  2b  miles  N.E.  of  Salamanca.  It  has  2  churches,  7 
pres,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  about  500;  of 
ie  township,  1303. 

JMachiasport,  match-i'as-port,  a  post-village  of  Wash- 
:^ton  CO.,  JIo.,  is  in  a  township  of  its  own  name,  at  the 
Buth  of  Machias  River,  about  4  miles  S.E.  of  the  village 
j  Machias.  It  contains  3  churches.  It  has  a  good  harbor 
|d  some  trade,  and  is  partly  supported  by  ship-building. 
.1  railroad  extends  hehce  7  miles  to  Whitney ville.  Pop. 
lithe  township,  1437. 

fJMachias  River,  Maine,  runs  southeastward  in  Wash- 
:|»ton  CO.,  and  enters  the  Atlantic  Ocean  through  a  small 
let  called  Machias  Bay.     At  the  head  of  the  latter  stands 
>ery's  Rock  Light-House. 
{lUachicolium,  the  Latin  for  Machecoul. 
iMachinac'tes,  a  village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  in 
pper  Morion  township,  near  King  of  Prussia. 
Machine,  La,  France.    See  La  Machine. 
Ma'chip'onix,  a  hamlet  of  Middlesex  co.,  N.J.,  in 
bnroe  township,  2  miles  from  Tracey's  Railroad  Station. 
Machirville,  mach'?r-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mason  co., 
1.  Va.,  on  the  Ohio,  12  miles  below  Pomeroy,  0. 
Machiiovka,  or  Machnowka.    See  Maknovka. 
iMacho'doc,  a  post-office  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Va. 
Machow,  a  town  of  Poland.    See  Makov. 
Machynlleth,    pronounced    almost    mi-hunt'leth,    a 
Hugh  of  Wales,  co.  and  32  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Mont- 
faiery,  on  the  navigable  river  Dovey.     Pop.  2042.     The 
fough  unites  with  Montgomery  in  sending  one  member 
tthc  House  of  Commons. 

iMacieowicc,  mits-yi-o-veet'si,  a  town  of  Poland, 
]|>vince  and  45  miles  S.W.of  SiedIec,on  the  Vistula. 
jMacIn'doe's  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Caledonia  co., 
j.,  in  Barnct  township,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  and  on 
|3  Passumpsic  Railroad,  14  miles  S.  of  St.  Johnsbury.  It 
JiS  an  academy,  a  church,  &o, 

•Macln'lerfer's  Creek,  of  Michigan,  enters  Stony 
'pek  in  St.  Joseph  co. 

Mac'Iutosh,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Georgia,  has 
i|  area  of  about  419  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
>  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Altamaha 
jver.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  eov- 
I  id  with  pine  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Rice,  lum- 
r,  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
traversed  by  the  Savannah,  Florida  i  Western  Railroad, 
pital,  Darien.  Pop.  in  1870,  4491 ;  in  1880,  6241 :  in 
,J0,6470. 

iMacIntosh,  a  post-hamlet  of  Liberty  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
•llantic  &  Gulf  Railroad,  32  miles  S.W.  of  Savannah.    It 
fs  several  general  stores,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 
Macintosh  Bluff,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co., 
-a.,  li  miles  from  Leona  Station. 

Mac'Intyre,  a  post-village  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
109  ' 


Stanford  township,  on  the  Poughkeepsie,  Hartford  <fc  Bos- 
ton Railroad,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Poughkeepsie.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  machine-shop,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  car- 
riages, lumber,  <fec. 

Maclntyre,  a  post-township  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.,  is 
intersected  by  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  on  which 
Mclntyre  Station  (with  Langdon  Post-Office)  is  25  miles 
N.  of  Williamsport.  Mclntyre  village  is  2i  miles  N.E.  of 
Ralston,  and  is  connected  with  the  Northern  Central  Rail- 
road by  a  gravity  railroad.  Here  much  semi-bituminous 
coal  is  mined,  and  some  iron  ore  is  found.  Mclntyre  vil- 
lage has  a  church,  and  over  200  dwellings.  Pop.  of  the 
township  in  1890,  608. 

MacI'vor's,  a  station  in  Amherst  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Vir- 
ginia Midland  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Lynchburg. 

Mack^all',  a  post-office  of  Calvert  co.,  Md. 

MacKay,  mak-ka',  a  post-hamlet  of  Ashland  co.,  0.,  In 
Green  township,  about  15  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Mansfield.  It 
has  3  churches  and  an  academy. 

MacKay's  Corners,  Ontario.     See  Harwich. 

MacKay's  Lake,  in  the  district  of  Algoma,  Ontario, 
on  the  N.  shore  of  Lake  Superior,  is  about  12  miles  long 
and  2i  miles  wide.     It  gives  rise  to  the  Pic  River. 

MacKay's  (mak-kiz')  Point,  a  post-hamlet  in  Vic- 
toria CO.,  Cape  Breton  Island,  on  St.  Patrick's  Channel  (S. 
side),  2  miles  from  Baddeck.     Pop.  160. 

MacKay  (mak-ka')  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton 
CO.,  0.,  in  Liberty  township,  on  a  railroad,  about  5  miles 
N.  of  Wilmington.     It  has  an  elevator. 

MacKean,  mak-keen',  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of 
Pennsylvania,  bordering  on  New  York,  has  an  area  of  about 
1065  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Alleghany 
River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Clarion  River,  which  rises  in  it, 
and  by  Kenjua,  Potato,  and  Tionesta  Creeks.  The  surface 
is  hilly,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the 
sugar-maple,  ash,  hemlock,  and  pine  abound.  Lumber  and 
petroleum  are  the  chief  articles  of  export.  Among  its  min- 
eral resources  are  bituminous  coal  and  slate.  It  is  traversed 
by  the  Western  New  York  <fc  Philadelphia  Railroad,  the 
Philadelphia  &  Erie  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road, and  several  other  lines.  Capital,  Sraethport.  Chief 
town,  Bradford.  Pop.  in  1870,  8825;  in  1880,  42,565;  in 
1890,  46,863. 

MacKeau,  a  township  of  Licking  co.,  0.  Pop.  990. 
It  contains  Fredonia. 

MacKean,  or  Mid'dleborough,  a  post-village  of 
Erie  co..  Pa.,  in  McKcan  township,  10  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Erie.  It  has  2  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  saw-mill. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1426. 

MacKean  Island,  in  the  Pacific  (lat.  3°  35'  S.,  Ion. 
174°  17'  W.),  is  uninhabited.     It  has  afforded  guano. 

MacKeansburg,  mak-kecnz'biirg,  a  post-village  of 
Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  about  11  miles  E.  of  Pottsville.  It  has 
a  church  and  2  or  3  stores. 

MacKee',  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  111.    Pop.  1410. 

MacKee,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jackson  co.,  Ky., 
about  50  miles  (direct)  S.S.E.  of  Lexington. 

MacKeen',  a  post-village  of  Clark  co..  111.,  in  Wabash 
township,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  &  Terre  Haute  Rail- 
road, 11  miles  W.  of  Terre  Haute.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  stave-factory. 

MacKee's'  Creek,  Illinois,  rises  in  Ad.ams  co.,  runs 
eastward  through  Brown  co.,  and  enters  the  Illinois  River 
in  Pike  co.,  about  6  miles  E.  of  Perry. 

MacKee's  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Blair  co..  Pa.,  in 
Freedom  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road, 15  miles  S.  of  Altoona.  It  has  mines  and  manufao- 
tures  of  iron. 

MacKee's  Half  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Snyder 
CO.,  Pa.,  near  the  Susquehanna  River,  about  32  miles  N.  of 
Ilarrisburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

MacKees'port,  a  post-borough  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa., 
on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Monongahela  River,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Youghiogheny,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Washington  & 
Baltimore  Railroad,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg.  Its  pros- 
perity is  partly  derived  from  operations  in  coal,  which  is 
mined  near  this  place.  It  has  7  churches,  an  academy  and 
graded  school,  the  National  Tube-AVorks,  a  national  bank, 
I  other  bank,  steel-works,  iron-works,  2  newspaper  offices, 
<fcc.  Natural  gas  is  found  here.  Pop.  in  1890,  20,741.  Mc- 
Keesport  Station  on  the  Pittsburg,  Virginia  &  Charleston 
Railroad  is  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river. 

MacKe'niy's  Mill,  a  post-village  of  Rockbridge  co., 
Va.,  10  miles  S.  of  Goshen  Bridge.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  flour-mill. 

MacKendree  College,  Illinois.    See  Lebanon. 

MacKen'dree  Station,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  oo.. 


MAC 


1722 


MAC 


W.  Va.,  on  th«  Ch«Mpeake  A  Ohio  Railroad,  74  mllea  S.E. 
•f  Charleston. 

Mncken'zie)  a  rirorof  North  Australia,  about  lat.  23° 
86'  S.,  flowing  from  the  W.     Coal  is  found  along  its  course. 

MacKen'zic,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  oo.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Louisville  A  Muinphis  Itailroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Nashrillo,  Chattanooga  A,  St.  Louis  Railroad,  113  miles 
N.E.  of  Memphis,  and  120  miles  W.  of  Nashville.  It  con- 
tains a  nowfpapor  office,  3  churches,  Bothvl  College  (Cum- 
berland Prosuytorian),  a  ootton-yarn-faotory,  a  Hour-mill, 
and  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  about  90U. 

Mackenzie  Islantls,  a  group  in  the  North  Pacific, 
bolongi  11)^  to  the  Caroline  Islands.    Lat  10°  N.;  Ion.  140°  E. 

Mackenzie  Point,  a  cape  in  Cook's  Inlet,  Alaska. 

Mackenzie  (mt^k-kdn'zoe)  River,  a  large  river  of 
British  North  America,  which  in  the  upper  part  of  its 
course  is  called  the  Athabasca  (which  see).  This  rises  near 
Mount  Brown  and  enters  Lake  Athabasca,  from  which  Slave 
River  runs  nearly  northward  to  Great  Slave  Lake.  The 
water  accumulated  in  this  lake  issues  from  its  western  end 
and  runs  northwestward.  The  name  of  Mackenzie  is  ap- 
plied to  that  part  of  the  river  which  is  between  its  mouth 
and  Great  Slave  Lake.  In  the  lower  part  of  its  course  it 
runs  near  the  N.E.  base  of  the  Rocky  Mountains.  It  enters 
the  Arctic  Ocean  near  lat.  68°  50'  N.  and  Ion.  136°  30'  W. 
The  length  of  the  river  from  Great  Slave  Lake  to  the  ocean 
is  nearly  900  miles.  It  is  a  mile  wide  at  many  places,  and 
is  navigable  for  steamboats  through  almost  its  whole  extent ; 
but  the  northern  part  of  it  is  closed  by  ice  nearly  9  months 
in  the  year.  This  river,  including  the  Athabasca  and  Slave 
Rivers,  is  about  2300  miles  long,  and  its  catchment  basin 
measures  443,000  square  miles. 

MacKenzie's,  a  landing  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ark.,  on  the 
Arkansas  River,  4i  miles  from  Toronto. 

MacKenzie's  Corners,  a  post-village  in  Carleton 
CO.,  New  Brunswick,  10  miles  S.W.  of  AVoodstock.    Pop.  350. 

MacKenzie's  Corners,  Ontario.    SeeSpRiNQBnooK. 

Mack'ey  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Boone  co.,  Iowa. 

Mack'ey's  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co., 
N.C.,  1  mile  S.  from  Albemarle  Sound. 

Mnck'eyville,  a  post-office  of  Clinton  co..  Pa. 

Mack'ford,  a  township  of  Green  Lake  co.,  Wis.  Pop. 
1419.     It  contains  Markesan. 

Mackie's  (mSk'iz)  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Schoharie 
CO.,  N.Y.,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Morcsville  Railroad  Station. 

Alackinac,  mak'e-naw,  sometimes  written  Macki> 
naw,  a  county  of  Michigan,  in  the  E.  part  of  the  upper 
peninsula,  borders  on  Lake  Huron  and  Lake  Michigan. 
It  is  separated  from  the  lower  peninsula  by  the  Strait  of 
Mackinac.  The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly,  and  is  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  The 
•oil  is  mostly  uncultivated.  Lumber  and  fish  are  the  chief 
articles  of  export.  This  county  comprises  the  beautiful 
Mackinaw  Island,  which  is  a  favorite  summer  resort  of 
tourists.  It  has  abundance  of  limestone.  Area,  1045  square 
miles.  Capital,  Saint  Ignace.  Pop.  in  1870, 1716;  in  1880, 
2902;  in  1890,  7830. 

Mackinac  (Mackinaw)  Island,  a  post-village  of 
Mackinac  co.,  Mich.,  is  on  a  small  island  at  the  N.W.  ex- 
tremity of  Lake  Huron,  about  320  miles  by  water  N.N.W. 
of  Detroit.  It  has  1  or  2  churches,  several  hotels,  and  a 
safe  harbor,  and  is  a  popular  place  of  summer  resort.  Here 
is  Fort  Mackinaw,  on  a  rocky  hill,  nearly  200  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  lake.     Pop.  in  1890,  750. 

Mackinaw,  a  post-village  of  Tazewell  co..  III.,  on  the 
Mackinaw  Creek,  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  and  on 
the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  <fc  Western  Railroad  where 
it  crosses  the  Illinois  Midland  Railroad,  16  miles  E.  of 
Pekin,  and  20  miles  W.  of  Bloomington.  It  has  2  churches, 
manufactures  of  flour  and  washing-machines,  and  a  money- 
order  post-office.     Pop.  496  ;  of  the  township,  1379. 

Mackinaw  City,  a  post-hamlct  of  Cheboygan  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  Strait  of  Mackinac,  30  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Petoskey.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  and  is  sur- 
rounded by  attractive  scenery. 

Mackinaw  Creek,  Illinois,  rises  in  McLean  co.,  runs 
■westward  through  Woodford  co.,  and  southwestward  In 
Tazewell  co.,  and  enters  the  Illinois  River  2  or  3  miles 
below  Pekin.     Length,  about  100  miles. 

MacKin'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marengo  co.,  Ala.,  38 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Selma.    It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

MacKin'ney,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Collin  co.,Tex., 
ia  near  the  East  Fork  of  Trinity  River,  and  on  the  Houston 
A  Texas  Central  Railroad,  42  miles  S.  of  Denison,  and  31 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Dallas.  It  has  a  college,  a  bank,  5 
churches,  and  a  flouring-mill.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are 
published  here.     Pop.  io  1880,  1479;  in  180U,  2489. 


MacKin'ney'a,  a  station  in  Tompkins  oo.,  N.T.  oa 
the  Cayuga  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Ittiaoa.  *  *' 

MacKinncy's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Uiploy  oo.,  Mo 
MacKinney's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln 
CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad,  15  miles  S 
of  Danville. 

MacKin'neyville,  a  post-village  of  Sharkey  CO.,  Mini 
on  Big  Deer  Creek,  7  miles  N.  of  Rolling  Fork.    It  bu  it 
church  and  3  stores. 

MacKins'try's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co. 
Md.,  about  40  miles  N.W.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  a  ohnrcb 
and  10  residences. 

MacKin'zie  Bridge,  post-office.  Lane  oo.,  OregoD. 

MacKuight's,  mak-nits',  a  post-office  of  Chambcri 
00.,  Ala. 

MacKnight's  Point,  a  post-office  of  Humboldt  co. 
Iowa,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Algona.  ' 

MacKnightstown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co.,  P». 
6  miles  N.W.  of  Gettysburg.     It  has  a  church.  ' 

MacKown'villc,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albany  oo.,  N.Y 
4  miles  from  West  Albany.  "* 

Macks'burg,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa,  io 
Grand  River  township,  about  15  miles  S.W.  of  Winlersct 
It  has  2  churches. 

Macksburg,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  0.,  in 
Aurelius  township,  on  the  Marietta,  Pittsburg  <t  Cleveland 
Railroad,  20  miles  N.  of  Marietta.  It  has  a  church  and 
several  general  stores.     Pop  about  250. 

Mack's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Camden  co..  Mo. 

Macks'ville,a  hauilct  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
East  Fork  of  White  River,  28  miles  N.N.W.  of  Richmond. 

Macksville,  a  post-village  of  Vigo  co.,  Ind.,  on  th« 
Terre  Haute,  Vandalia  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  3  miles  W.  of 
Terre  Haute.     It  has  2  churches,  a  saw-mill,  Ac. 

Macksville,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  co.,  Tex.,  8 
miles  N.  of  Waskom  Station,  and  24  miles  E.  of  Marshall, 
It  has  a  church,  a  broom-factory,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Macksville,  a  post-office  of  Pendleton  co.,  W.  Va. 

MacKune's  (mak-kunz)  Depot,  a  post-office  of  Wyo- 
ming CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Susquehanna,  and  on  the  Pennsyl- 
vania &  New  York  Railroad,  15  miles  N.  by  W,  of  Pittston. 

Mack'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Piatt  co.,  111.,  about  27 
miles  E.  of  Decatur.     It  bas  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  Ac. 

Mackville,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Ky.,  abool 
35  miles  S.S.W.  of  Frankfort.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  saw 
mill,  and  several  general  stores.     Pop.  180. 

Mackville,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co..  Mo. 

Mackville,  a  post-office  of  Outagamie  co.,  Wis. 

MacLainsborough,  mak-lanz'bur-rub,  a  post-offic« 
of  Hill  CO.,  Tex.,  26  miles  N.N.E.  of  Waco. 

MacLane',  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co..  Pa.,  about  14 
miles  S.  of  the  city  of  Erie.  It  has  2  churches,  a  pump- 
factory,  and  a  grist-mill. 

MacLaughlin,  mak-lon'lin,  a  station  in  Alleghany 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Plum  Creek  Branch  of  the  Alleghany  Vallejr 
Railroad.     Nearest  post-offices,  New  Texas  and  Negley. 

MacLaughlinsville,  mak-l&H'lins-vil,  a  village  of 
Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  in  Washington  township,  7  mile* 
E.  of  Hulton  Station.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

MacLean,  mak-Iain',  a  county  in  the  central  part  of 
Illinois,  has  an  area  of  about  1160  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Kickapoo,  Mackinaw,  Salt,  and  Sugar 
Creeks,  which  all  rise  within  it.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level,  and  presents  a  wide  expanse  of  prairie.  The  soil  is 
deep  and  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  wheat,  hay,  hones, 
cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  The  scarcity  of 
timber  is  compensated  by  extensive  deposits  of  bituminous 
coal.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Illinois  Central, 
Toledo,  Peoria  A  Western,  Chicago  A  Alton,  Lake  Erie  A 
Western,  and  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis 
Railroads.  Capital,  Bloomington.  Pop.  in  1870,  53,938; 
in  1880,  60,100;  in  1890,  63,0;i6. 

MacLean,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Kentucky,  has 
an  area  of  about  256  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
Green  River,  and  is  bounded  on  several  sides  by  the  same. 
It  is  also  drained  by  Pond  River  and  Cypress  Creek.  A 
large  part  of  the  surface  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  Tobacco,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Louisville  A  Nash- 
ville Railroad.  Capital,  Calhoun.  Pop.  in  1870,  7614; 
in  1880,  9293;  in  1890,  9887. 

MacLean,  a  W.  central  county  of  North  Dakota. 
Area,  702  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the 
Missouri  River.  It  has  several  small  lakes.  Capital,  Wash- 
burn.    Pop.  in  1890,  860. 

MacLean,  a  post-village  of  McLean  co.,  Ill.>  '" 
Mount  Hope  township,  on  the  Chicago  A  Alton  Railroad, 


MAC 


1723 


MAC 


H  miles  S.W.  of  Blooraington.  It  has  a  graded  school,  3 
lurches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  flour,  Ac.  P.  600. 
iMacLean,  a  township  of  Ramsey  co.,  Minn.  P.  316. 
'MacLean,  a  post-village  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
kll  Creek,  and  on  the  Utica,  Ithaca  &  Elraira  Railroad, 
■i  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ithaca.  It  has  5  churches,  2  flour- 
ills,  an  iron-foundry,  and  manufactures  of  threshing- 
•aehines,  churns,  cheese,  firkins,  &e.  Pop.  405. 
MacLean,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  0.  Pop.  1309.  It 
ntains  Berlin. 

'MacLean's,  North  Carolina.    See  MacLeansville. 
SMacLean's,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Irkiomen  Railroad,  23  miles  S.  of  Allentown. 
^MacLeansborough,  mak-lanz'bur-riih,  a  post-vil- 
W  capital  of  Hamilton  CO.,  111.,  on  the  McLeansborough 
jd  Shawneetown  Branches  of  the  St.  Louis  &  Southeastern 


ilroad,  102  miles  E.S.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  about  48 
(lea  S.E.  of  Centralia.  It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  a  col- 
Je,  2  or  3  churches,  and  a  bank.  Pop.  in  1890,  1355. 
IjHacLcansborough  Junction,  Hamilton  co.,  III.,  is 
(I  the  St.  Louis  ct  Southeastern  Railroad,  1  mile  from  Shaw- 
ffi  Junction,  and  at  the  junction  of  a  branch  extending  2 
ifles  S.  to  McLeansborough. 

MacLeansville,  mak-lanz'vll,  a  post-office  of  Guilford 
([,  N.C.,  at  McLean's  Station  on  the  North  Carolina  Rail- 
lU,  8  miles  E.  of  Greensborough. 

SSIacLel'lan's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co., 
i.,  about  17  miles  S.  of  Erie.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill, 
I'd  2  stores. 

JMncLenioresville,m5k-l9-mors'vil,  a  post-village  of 
t'rroll  CO.,  Tenn.,  about  33  miles  N.N.E.  of  Jackson.  It 
lis  3  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  steam  flour-mill. 
jMacLen'nan,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Texas, 
13  an  area  of  about  1000  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
ti  Brazos  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Bosque  River 
(Jl  Middle  Bosque  Creek.  The  surface  is  diversified  with 
jiiiries  and  tracts  of  timber.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton, 
c'tle,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This 
c»nty  is  partly  traversed  by  the  Houston  <fc  Texas  Central, 
Sjsouri,  Kansas  <fc  Texas,  St.  Louis  Southwestern,  and 
Si  Antonio  <fc  Aransas  Pass  Railroads.  Capital,  Waco. 
lii).  in  1870,  13,500  ;  in  1880,  26,934;  in  1890,  39,204. 
piacLeod,  mak-lowd',  a  lake  and  fort  of  Canada, 
Ijrth-West  Territories.     Lat.  55°  N. ;  Ion.  122°  15'  \V. 

MacLeod,  mak-lowd',  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part 
0|Minnesota,  has  an  area  of  604  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
t^?ected  by  the  Hassan  or  South  Fork  of  Crow  River,  and 
iilso  drained  by  Bufliilo  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating, 
all  is  diversified  with  small  lakes,  prairies,  and  dense  for- 
ei!  of  good  timber,  which  is  here  abundant.  'The  soil  is 
f'i|ile.  Wheat,  oats,  Indian  corn,  and  hay  are  the  staple 
p[ducts.  Among  the  forest  trees  are  the  oak,  elm,  and  ash. 
Cjiital,  Olencoe.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago,  Mil- 
nakee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad.  Pop.  in  1870,  5643;  in  1880, 
n42;  in  1890,  17,026. 

rlacLeod's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Logan  co., 
h,  on  the  Louisville  &  Memphis  Railroad,  22  miles  S.W. 
oBowling  Green. 

(lacLcr'an's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  on 
tl[ Connecticut  River,  and  on  the  Passumpsio  Railroad,  8 
iijes  S.  of  St,  Johnsbury.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  a 
pb-mill,  (fee. 

lacLuney,  Perry  co,  Ohio.    See  MacCluney. 

lacMal'lis  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y., 
itkoyalton  township,  2  miles  from  G.asport. 

lacMeclien's,  mak-mek'?nz,  a  station  on  the  Balti- 
are  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va. 

iacMichacl's,  mak-mi'k^lz,  a  post-oflico  of  Monroe 
C(l  Pa. 

^ac3Iil'lan,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Il(ston  River,  and  on  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  & 
G|rgia  Railroad,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Knoxville.  It  has  a 
tt)(iery  and  2  or  3  stores. 

iacMil'lan's,  township,  Marion  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1635. 

llacJMil'len,  a  post-village  of  Maricopa  co.,  Arizona, 
lij  miles  E.  of  Maricopa  Wells.  It  has  silver  mines.  Pop. 
aHat  500. 

lacMil'lin,  a  post-office  of  Bell  co.,  Texas. 

flacMinn',  a  county  of  East  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of 
at  it  -152  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the 
Hiwassee  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Chestnut  Creek. 
Tj  surface  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil 
isjrtile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  grass,  and  pork  are  the 
8t[le  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  East 
T';nes6ee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  and  Nashville,  Tellico  & 
Ctrleston  Railroads.  Capital,  Athens.  Pop.  in  1870, 
i:i69j  in  1880,  15,064;  iu  1890,  17,890. 


MacMinn'ville,  a  post-village  of  Yam  Hill  co.,  Ore- 
gon, on  the  Oregon  Central  Railroad,  40  miles  S.W.  of  Port- 
land. It  has  a  Baptist  college,  5  churches,  a  money-order 
post-office,  a  brick-yard,  2  flour-mills,  and  a  planing-mill. 
Pop.  in  1880,  670  ;  in  1890,  1368. 

MacMinnville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  AVarren  co., 
Tenn.,  about  70  miles  S.E.  of  Nashville.  It  is  34  miles 
N.B.  of  Tullahoma,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  the  Mc- 
Minnville  &  Manchester  Railroad.  It  has  a  newspaper 
office,  6  churches,  a  cotton -factory,  2  colleges,  a  national 
bank,  a  saw-mill,  a  flour-mill,  a  roller-mill,  a  foundry,  and 
a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  1677. 

MacMul'len,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
area  of  about  1200  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Rio  Frio  and  the  Rio  Nueces,  and  also  drained  by  the  San 
Miguel  Creek.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  prairies  and 
woodlands.  The  soil  produces  pasture  for  numerous  cattle, 
which  are  the  chief  articles  of  export.  Capital,  Tilden. 
Pop.  in  1870,  230;  in  1880,  701;  in  1890,  1038. 

MacNairy,  mak-ni'ree,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of 
West  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of  550  square  miles.  It  ia 
drained  by  the  Hatchie  River  and  several  small  afiluents 
of  the  Tennessee  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level,  and  more  than  half  of  it  is  covered  with 
forests  of  the  ash,  chestnut,  hickory,  oak,  &c.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Mobile  <fc  Ohio 
Railroad,  and  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Rail- 
road traverses  the  S.W.  part  of  it.  Capital,  Purdy.  Pop. 
in  1870,  12,726;  in  1880,  17,271;  in  1890,  15,510. 

MacNairy  Station,  a  post-village  of  McNairy  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  27  miles  S.E.  of 
Jackson. 

MacNa'ry  Station,  a  post- village  of  Muhlenburg  co., 
Ky.,  on  the  Louisville  &  Paducah  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of 
Greenville.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  manufactory  of  staves 
and  heading. 

MacNean,  mak-neen'  (Upper  and  Lower),  2  lakes  of 
Ireland,  Ulster  and  Connaught,  counties  of  Fermanagh  and 
Leitriin,  about  9  miles  S.W.  of  Enniskillen. 

MacNeill's,  mak-neelz',  a  township  of  Moore  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  532. 

MacNeill's,  a  post-office  of  Hampton  co.,  S.C,  5  miles 
from  Varnvillo  Station. 

MacNcil's  (mak-neelz')  Harbor,  an  inlet  on  Van- 
couver Island,  in  Iiit.  50°  35'  N.,  Ion.  127°  10'  W. 

MacNutt',  a  post-office  of  Clarke  co.,  Ga. 

MacNutt,  a  post-village  of  Leflore  co..  Miss.,  about  100 
miles  N.  of  Jackson.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  2  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  cypress  lumber.     Pop.  44. 

Macomb,  ma-koom',  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Mich- 
igan, has  an  area  of  about  460  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  S.E.  by  Lake  St.  Clair,  and  is  drained  by  Clinton 
River  and  several  creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests 
of  oak,  hickory,  <fec.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  oats, 
Indian  corn,  hay,  butter,  and  wool  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Michigan  Central  and 
Grand  Trunk  Railroads,  the  latter  of  which  connects  with 
Mount  Clemens,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  27,616;  in  1880, 
31,627;  in  1890,  31,813. 

Macomb,  a  city,  the  capital  of  McDonough  co.,  III.,  in 
Macomb  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy 
Railroad,  69  miles  N.E.  of  Quincy,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Bush- 
nell,  and  about  34  miles  S.E.  of  Burlington,  Iowa.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house,  9  churches,  2  national  banks,  a  high 
school,  4  newspaper  offices,  the  McDonough  Normal  and 
Scientific  College,  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and  earth- 
enware. Pop.  in  1890,  4052;  of  the  township,  exclusive 
of  the  city,  1221. 

Macomb,  a  post-hamlet  in  Macomb  township,  Macomb 
CO.,  Mich.,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Mount  Clemens,  and  about  24 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Detroit.  The  township  is  drained  by  an 
affluent  of  Clinton  River.     Pop.  1793. 

Macomb,  a  post-township  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y., 
about  14  miles  S.  of  Ogdensburg,  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by 
Black  Lake.     Pop.  1760.     It  contains  Pope's  Mills. 

Macomb,  a  post-office  of  Grayson  co.,  Tex. 

Macomer,  mi-ko-main',  a  village  in  the  island  of  Sar- 
dinia, division  of  Sassari,  E.N.E.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  2390. 

Macon,  ma'k6N'>»'  (anc.  Matis'co),  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  SaOne-et-Loire,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Saone,  36  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Chalons.  It  is  irregularly 
built,  with  narrow  streets.  The  quay  is  broad,  high,  and 
of  great  length,  and  is  lined  with  several  good  houses  and 
cafes.  A  bridge  of  12  tarches,  sometimes  attributed  to 
CsBsar,  connects  the  town  with  that  of  Saint-Laurent,  on  th« 


MAC 


1724 


MAO 


opposito  bank.  The  prinol|)n1  otiificcs  arc  the  Palais  <)e  Jun- 
tice,  the  Ilosptoe  do  in  I'ruvideuoo,  tho  lldtcl  do  V'ille,  and 
tho  llOtel  do  l»  I'rCrocture,  foruierly  the  biahop'a  ]iiilaco. 
M&con  bos  oourta  of  first  resort  and  of  commerce,  a  lycte 
or  college,  2  hospitals,  a  normal  sohool,  and  manufactures 
of  wine,  watches,  sail-oloth,  orookery,  <ko.     Pup.  16,679. 

Aliicon,  mi'k^n,  a  county  in  the  K.  part  of  Alabama, 
has  an  area  of  aboat  622  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.W.  by  the  Tallaiwosa  Rivor,  and  is  drained  by  Ca- 
leebee  niid  Ufaukeo  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating 
or  nearly  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  for- 
ests. The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  grass 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
AVestorn  Ilailroad  of  Alabama,  tho  Savannah,  Amuricus  <fc 
Montgomery  Railroad,  and  tho  Tuskegeo  Railroad.  Capi- 
tal, Tuskegee.  Pop.  in  1870,  17,727;  in  1880,  17,371;  in 
1890,  18,439. 

Macon,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  288  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
throughout  its  length  from  N.  to  S.  by  Flint  River,  and 
also  drained  by  "Whitewater  Creek.  Tho  surface  is  nearly 
level,  and  nearly  half  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The 
soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  com,  and  pork  are 
tho  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  South- 
western Railroad.  Capital,  Oglethorpe.  Pop.  in  1870, 
11,458;  in  1880,  11,675;  in  1890,  13,183. 

Alaconya  county  in  tho  central  part  of  Illinois,  has 
an  area  of  about  580  square  utiles.  It  is  intersected  by 
Sangamon  River,  which  divides  it  into  nearly  equal  parts. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  The 
greater  part  of  it  is  prairie.  Indian  corn,  oats,  wheat,  hay, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Carboniferous  rocks 
underlie  this  county,  which  is  part  of  tho  groat  coiil-field 
of  Illinois.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Illinois  Central  Rail- 
road, the  Wabash  Railroad,  tho  Indianapolis,  Decatur  k 
Western  Railroad,  the  Terre  Haute  k  Peoria  Railroad,  and 
the  Peoria,  Decatur  &  Evansville  Railroad,  which  centre 
at  Decatur,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  26,481;  in  1880, 
30,665;  in  1890,  38,083. 

Macon,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an  area 
of  about  820  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Chari- 
ton River,  and  is  also  drained  by  tho  Muscle  River,  the 
East  Fork  of  the  Chariton,  and  the  Middle  Fork  of  Salt 
River,  all  of  which  run  southward.  The  surface  is  partly 
undulating  and  partly  hilly  or  broken,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  onts,  wheat,  cattle,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Thick  beds  of  bituminous  coal  underlie  a  large  part 
of  this  county.  It  has  also  deposits  of  hydraulic  limestone. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  Hannibal  <fc  St.  Joseph  Railroad,  the 
Atchison,  Topeka  <fc  Santa  F6  Railroad,  and  the  Wabash 
Railroad.  Capital,  Macon  City.  Pop.  in  1870,  23,230;  in 
1880,  26,222;  in  1890,  30,575. 

Macon,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  North  Carolina, 
borders  on  Georgia.  Area,  about  524  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Little  Tennessee  River.  The  surface  is 
mountainous,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests.  The  Blue 
Ridge  e.x tends  along  the  S.E.  border  of  this  county.  The 
soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  near  the  W.  border 
by  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad.  Capital,  Franklin. 
Pop.  in  1870,  6615;  in  1880,  8064;  in  1890,  10,102. 

Macou,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Middle  Tennessee, 
borders  on  Kentucky.  Area,  about  332  square  miles.  It 
is  drained  by  small  af3uents  of  Big  Barren  and  Cumber- 
land Rivers.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and  mostly  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  cotton, 
tobacco,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Lafay- 
ette.    Pop.  in  1870,  6633;  in  1880,  9321  ;  in  1890,  10,878. 

Macon,  Alabama.     See  Macon  Statiox. 

Macon,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co..  Ark. 

Macon,  a  post-office  of  Pasco  co.,  Fla. 

Macon,  a  oity,  the  capital  of  Bibb  co.,  Qa.,  is  situated 
on  both  sides  of  the  Ocmulgee  River,  at  the  hesij  of  naviga- 
tion, and  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia,  103  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Atlanta,  100  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Columbus,  and  192 
iniles  W.N.W.  of  Savannah.  It  is  the  northwest  terminus 
of  the  Macon  <t  Brunswick  Railroad,  which  connects  here 
with  the  Southwestern  Railrojid  and  the  Macon  &  Augusta 
Rivilroad.  A  bridge  crosses  the  river  here.  Macon  con- 
tains a  fine  court-house,  17  churches,  an  academy  for  the 
blind,  the  Wesleyan  Female  College,  tho  Lewis  high  sohool 
(colored),  a  national  bank,  6  other  banks,  9  free  schools,  the 
Polhills  high  school,  and  the  Mercer  University  (Baptist), 
which  was  organized  in  1838  and  has  6  instructors,  about 
125  students,  and  a  library  of  odoo  volumes.  Here  is  also 
the  I'io  Nono  College  (Catholic),  with  11  instructors  and 


about  60  students.  A  weekly  and  1  or  2  daily  ncwBp»per» 
are  published  here.  Macon  lias  3  iron-1'oumlrion,  a  braw- 
foundry,  several  machine-shops,  repair-shops  of  the  mil' 
roads,  gas-works,  3  manufactories  of  sash  and  blinds  » 
cotton-factory,  a  public  park  of  several  hundred  acres,  nu. 
merous  handsome  residences,  and  2  beautiful  . .  .  ' 
called  Rose  Hill  and  Oak  Ridge.  The  situation  - 
is  picturesaue,  anif  is  surrounded  by  hills  covereil  w  n.  i.  _.^ 
forests.  Alany  thousand  bales  of  cotton  are  shipped  b«r« 
annually.     Pop.  in  1880,  12,749;  in  1890,  22,746. 

Macon,  a  township  of  Bureau  co.,  III.     Pop.  838. 

Macon,  a  j)ost-town  of  Macon  co..  III.,  in  a  township 
of  the  same  name,  on  tho  Illinois  Central  Railroad  (North- 
ern division),  10  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Decatur.  It  bai  i 
churches,  a  fine  brick  school-house,  and  a  money-order  post- 
office.  A  large  quantity  of  corn  is  shipped  here.  Poii 
about  900  ;  of  the  township,  1549.  '" 

Macon,  a  township  of  Harvey  co.,  Kansas.    Pop,  286. 

Macon,  a  post-village  of  Macon  township,  Lenawee  co.* 
Mich.,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Tecumseh,  and  about  60  miles  S.w! 
of  Detroit.  It  contains  3  churches,  and  manufoetoriei  of 
bricks  and  lumber.  The  township  is  drained  by  the  Muooa 
River,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1435. 

Macon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Noxubee  co.,  MiM.,oi 
the  Noxubeo  River,  and  on  tho  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad.  3i 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Columbus,  and  63  miles  N.  of  MoridiuD. 
It  has  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  6  churches,  the  Macon 
Female  Institute,  and  Calhoun  Institute.     P.  (181*0)  1665. 

Macon,  or  Macon  City,  tho  capital  of  Macon  co., 
Mo.,  is  on  the  dividing  ridge  between  the  East  Chariton i 
Rivor  and  the  Middle  Fork  of  Salt  River,  about  2  inilcn 
from  each,  and  on  the  Hannibal  <fc  St.  Joseph  Railroad  where 
it  crosses  the  Northern  division  of  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City 
<fc  Northern  Railroad,  70  miles  W.  of  Hannibal,  60  miles  E. 
of  Chillicothe,  and  23  miles  N.  of  Moberly.  It  hivs  2  banks, 
10  cliurches,  and  manufactures  of  farming-implementi, 
wagons,  Ac.  Four  or  5  weekly  newsjnapers  are  published 
here.  Tho  name  of  its  post-office  is  Macon  City.  Rieh 
coal-mines  have  been  opened  in  Macon  co.  Pop.  in  1880,i 
837;  in  1870,  3678;  in  1880,  3046  ;  in  1890,  3371. 

Macon,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Neb.,  40  mileaj 
S.  of  Kearney  Junction.     It  has  3  churches. 

Macon,  a  post-village  of  Faj'ctte  co.,  Tenn.,  about  36 
miles  E.  of  Memphis.  It  has  3  churches,  the  Macon  Female 
Institute,  and  a  college  for  boys.     Pop.  about  260. 

Macon,  a  post-office  of  Powhatan  co.,  Va. 

Macon  liayou,  bl'oo,  originates  near  the  N.E.  ex- 
tremity of  Louisiana,  and  near  the  Mississippi  River, 
runs  nearly  southward,  forms  the  W.  boundary  of  Madison 
parish,  and  unites  with  tho  Tensas  River  on  the  W.  bonier 
of  Tensas  parish.  It  is  nearly  160  miles  long,  and  th« 
greater  part  of  it  is  navigable. 

Macon  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  N.C,  on 
the  Raleigh  <fe  Gaston  Railroad,  66  miles  N.N.E.  of  Raleigh.' 
It  has  a  church  and  9  general  stores. 

M&connois  (or  Maconnais),  Le,  l(jh  ma'kon'ni' 
(Lat.  ^J'dui  Mati8co7i»en'aea),  a  county  and  small  diiitrict 
of  Franco,  which  formerly  depended  on  the  province  of  Bur- 
gundy, but  now  forms  the  arrondissemcnt  of  Macon  in  th* 
department  of  Saone-ct-Loire. 

Macon  River,  a  small  stream  of  Michigan,  drains  part 
of  Lenawee  co.,  runs  southeastward,  and  enters  Kaisin 
River  in  Monroe  co.,  about  12  miles  above  Monroe. 

Macon  Station,  a  post-office  of  Hale  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Alabama  Central  Railroad,  42  miles  W.  of  Selnia.  The 
hamlet  of  Macon  is  2  miles  from  this  station,  and  has  2 
churches. 

Macoraba,  the  ancient  name  for  Mecca.  1 

Macot,  mi^sot',  a  village  of  Savoy,  on  the  Isfire,  E.2(.R 
of  Moiitiers.     Pop.  1191.  ' 

Macotera,  md-ko-ti'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  aim 
24  miles  from  Salamanca.     Pop.  of  commune,  2602. 

Macoupin,  ma-koo'pin,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of 
Illinois,  has  an  area  of  864  square  miles.  It  is  dralnedj 
by  Macoupin,  Cahokia,  and  Otter  Creeks.  The  surface  i*| 
undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  forests  ofi 
oak,  hickory,  and  other  hard  timber.  The  soil  is  verrfer-l 
tile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  and  porlt  art 
the  staple  products.  Bituminous  coal  is  found  here.  Tbiij 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  A  Alton,  Cleveland,! 
Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis,  Wabiish,  and  JacksonvilU; 
Southeastern  Railroads.  Capital,  Carlinville.  Pop.  in  ISTO,' 
32,726;  in  ISSO,  37,692;  in  1890,  40,380, 

Macoupin  Creek,  Illinois,  runs  first  southwestwnrd 
and  intersects  Macoupin  co.,  from  which  it  runs  westward 
through  Greene  co.,  and  enters  the  Illinois  River  at  the  S.^V 
extremity  of  the  latter  county.     Length,  about  90  miles. 


MAC 


1725 


MAD 


Maconpin  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Maooupin  co., 
111.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  27  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Llton.     It  has  a  church. 

I  Macour,  an  island  in  the  Red  Sea.    See  Makowar. 
i  Macowal,  m4-ko'wil,  a  town  of  British  India,  Punjab, 
iO  miles  N.E.  of  Loodianah. 

'  MacPaul',  a  post-office  and  station  of  Fremont  co.,  Iowa, 
lo  luiles  by  rail  S.  of  Council  Bluffs, 
j  MacPher'son,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Kansas, 
[las  an  area  of  900  square  miles.      It  is  drained   by  the 

moky  Hill  and  Little  Arkansas  Rivers.     The  surface  is 

ndulating,  and  nearly  destitute  of  timber.     The  soil  is 

rtile.  Corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  <fcc.,  are  the  staple  products, 
lanital,  McPherson.    Pop.  in  1880,  17,143;  in  1890,  21,614. 

MacPherson,  a  county  in  "the  N.  part  of  South  Da- 
kota. Area.,  975  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  in  the  S.W. 
iy  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad.  Capital, 
[ieola.     Pop.  in  1890,  5940. 

\  MacPherson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coles  co.,  III.,  on  the 
indianapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  about  4  miles  E.  of 
ihnrleston. 

MacPherson,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa. 
]  MacPherson,  a  post-village,  capital  of  McPherson 
io.,  Kansiis,  about  36  miles  S.  of  Salina,  and  84  miles  W. 
tf  Emporia.     It  has  2  churches,  <fec.     Pop.  in  1890,  3172. 
1  MacPherson,  a  township  of  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn. 
Pop.  957. 

I  MacPherson,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Lincoln  co., 
STeb.,  on  the  Platte,  and  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  82 
biles  W.  of  Kearney  Junction.     Elevation.  2095  feet. 
(MacPherson,  a  post-office  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  is  at 
Ihe  village  of  Cherry  Tree,  about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Altoona. 
I  MacPherson's,  a  post-office  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C. 
j  MacPherson's  Ferry.    See  Brar  Island. 
I  Macquarie,  mak-kwor'ee  (called  by  the  natives  T-Tam^- 
iqol'),  a  considerable  river  of  New  South  Wales,  formed  by 
pe  junction  of  the  Fish  and  Campbell  Rivers,  flows  N.W. 
'}  lat.  30°  45'  S.,  Ion.  147°  10'  E.,  where  it  passes  through 
Harshes  to  the  river  Darling.     Length,  750  miles. 
I  Macquarie,  a  river  of  Tasmania,  flows  N.  through 
ae  CO.  of  Somerset,  and  joins   Lake  River.     Affluents, 
ae  Blackman,  Elizabeth,  and  Isis. 

\  Macquarie,  an  inlet  of  Foveaux  Strait,  New  Zealand, 
it  the  southern  extremity  of  the  Middle  Island.  Lat.  46° 
iO'S.;  Ion.  167°  50'  E. 

I  Macquarie,  New  South  Wales.  See  Port  Macquarie. 
I  Macqqarie  Har'bor,  Tasmania,  is  on  its  W.  coast, 
jotwcen  lat.  42°  12'  and  42°  30'  S.  and  Ion.  145°  15'  and 
115°  35'  E. 

)  Macquarie  Island,  in  the  South  Pacific.  Lat.  64° 
10'  S. ;  Ion.  159°  E.  Length,  N.  to  S.,  25  miles;  breadth, 
I  miles. 

I  Macquarie  Lake,  of  Australia,  New  South  Wales,  is 
IP  irregular  lagoon,  communicating  with  the  sea  by  the 
iilet  Reid's  Mistake. 

I  Macquarie  Mountains,  a  range  W.  of  New  South 
fc'ales,  between  the  rivers  Lachlan  and  Murrumbidgee. 
lacquarie  is  the  prefixed  name  of  numerous  localities  in 
.  ew  South  Wales. 

1  Macra,  a  river  of  Italy.    See  Masra. 
I  MacKae,  mak-r4',  a  post-village,  capital  of  Telfair  co., 
a.,  on  the  Macon  <fc  Brunswick  Railroad,  76  miles  S.S.E. 
If  Macon.     It  has  a  court-house,  and  is  surrounded   by 
itrests  of  yellow  pine. 

Macllae's,mak-raz',  apost-office  of  Cumberland  CO.,  Va. 

Macreadin,  or  Macreedin.    See  Carysfort. 

Macri,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Makree. 
1  Macrigny,  mi-kreen'yee,  a  village  of  European  Tur- 
tey,  on  the  Sea  of  Marmora,  2  miles  from  Constantinople. 

•  Macrinitza,  mi-kree-nect'sS,.  a  town  of  European 
(urkey,  Thessaly,  about  65  miles  E.  of  Trikhala.  P.  2000. 
I  Macronisi,  m3,-kro-nee'see  (anc.  Macria  or  Helena), 
la  island  in  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  off  the  S.E.  ex- 
remity  of  Attica.     Length,  8  miles. 

*  Alacrooni',a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  20  J  miles  W.  of 
prk,  on  the  SuUano.  Pop.  3190.  It  has  an  Anglo-Nor- 
iian  castle,  now  tastefully  restored. 

j  MacSher'ry,  a  station  in  Adams  co.,  Pa.,  near  Mo- 
iherrystown,  and  on  the  Littlestown  Railroad,  2  miles  S.W. 
f  Hanover.  , 

iMacSher'rystown,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co..  Pa., 
Conewago  township,  2  miles  from  Hanover,  and  about 
!  miles  S.W.  of  York.  It  has  a  Catholic  academy,  a  flour- 
ill,  a  cigar-factory,  2  drug-stores,  ic. 
,  MacSherryville,  York  co..  Pa.  See  Airvillb. 
j  Mactan,  mik-tin',  a  small  island  of  the  Philippines, 
.  of  Zebu.     Magellan  was  killed  here  in  1521. 


MacTier',  a  township  of  Lexington  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  703. 
Macullah,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  Makallah. 
Macungie,  m4-kun'jco  (formerly  MiilerstoAvn),  a 

post-borough  of  Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  is  in  Lower  Macungio 
township,  on  the  East  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  10  milea 
S.W.  of  AUentown.  It  has  a  bank,  6  churches,  an  iron- 
furnace,  and  a  mine  of  iron  ore.     Pop.  in  1890,  644. 

MacVeytown,  mak-va'town,  a  post-borough  in  Oliver 
township,  Mifflin  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Juniata  River,  opposite 
Mattawan  or  McVej'town  Station  on  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lewistown.  It  is  36  miles 
(direct)  and  59  miles  by  railroad  E.  of  Altoona.  It  has  a 
banking-house,  a  newspaper  office,  2  tanneries,  a  foundry, 
and  a  steam  grist-mill.     Pop.  685. 

MacVill',  a  post-village  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa.,  in  South 
Bufi'alo  township,  i  mile  from  Logansport,  and  37  miles  N.E. 
of  Pittsburg.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 

MacViiie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Telfair  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Macon  <fc  Brunswick  Railroad,  81  miles  S.E.  of  Macon. 
It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  turpentine  and  rosin. 

Mac'wahoc,  a  post-office  of  Aroostook  co..  Me.,  7 
miles  N.  of  Kingman.     Pop.  of  Macwahoo  plantation,  170. 

MacWhirtersville,  Tennessee.     See  Donelso.v. 

MacWhorter,  Hamilton  co.,  0.     See  Eve.ndale. 

MacWil'liamstown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co., 
Pa.,  about  38  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia,  and  2  miles  from 
Coatesville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Ma'cy,  a  post-office  of  Brazos  co.,  Tex. 

MacZe'na,  a  post-village  of  Ashland  co.,  0.,  in  Lake 
township,  about  22  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Mansfield.  It  has  3 
churches, 

Mada,  or  Nagy  Mada,  nodj  moh'doh\  a  town  of 
Hungary,  co.  of  Szabolcs,  31  miles  S.S.E.  of  Zemplin. 

Madagascar,  mad*a-gaa'kar  (called  by  the  natives 
Madecasse,  mid-e-kiss',  Madegaaae,  mid-e-giss',  or  Mat"- 
nijasa' ;  L.  Madiir/aaca'ria),  a  great  island  in  the  Indian 
Ocean,  generally  considered  as  appertaining  to  Africa.  It 
extends  from  Cape  Amber,  its  most  N.  point,  lat.  1 1°  57'  S., 
to  Cape  St.  Mary,  its  most  S.,  lat.  25°  38'  S.,  a  distance, 
of  1000  miles.  The  greatest  breadth  hardly  exceeds  350 
miles;  average  breadth,  240  miles.  Area  estimated  at 
240,000  square  miles.  From  the  nearest  shores  of  Africa, 
Madagascar  is  distant  210  nautical  miles;  from  the  Cape 
of  Good  Hope,  600  miles ;  from  the  Mauritius,  186  miles , 
and  from  the  Isle  of  Bourbon,  150  miles. 

A  tract  of  elevated  land,  rising  by  successive  terraces, 
extends  N.  and  S.  throughout  the  island.  The  N.  half  as- 
sumes a  mountainous  character.  It  is  only  at  the  S.E.  ex- 
tremity of  the  island  that  the  high  land  roaches  the  sea; 
everywhere  else  the  coast  is  bordered  by  a  broad  strip  of 
low  and  level  land.  This  tract  of  low  land  has  on  the  E. 
side  of  Madagascar  a  width  varying  from  20  to  50  miles  ; 
on  the  W.  it  is  double  that  extent ;  it  is  overspread  with 
marshes  and  is  the  seat  of  malignant  fevers.  The  most 
elevated  table-land  of  Madagascar,  as  yet  known  to  Euro- 
peans, is  nearly  in  the  middle  of  the  island,  and  supposed 
to  lie  from  4000  to  5000  feet  above  sea-level.  It  is  nearly 
surrounded  by  mountains, — those  of  Angavo  on  the  E. 
and  Ankaratra  on  the  S.W.,  attaining  an  absolute  height 
perhaps  of  from  9000  to  10,000  feet,  being  reckoned  among 
the  highest  of  the  island.  The  central  plateau  seems  also 
to  be  surrounded  on  all  sides  by  a  belt  of  thick  forest,  which 
reaches  down  to  the  maritime  plains  and  in  some  few  points 
extends  even  to  the  sea-shore. 

The  rivers  of  Madagascar  are  exceedingly  numerous ; 
yet  few  of  them  ofier,  even  to  a  moderate  extent,  the  ad- 
vantages of  internal  navigation.  They  fall  rapidly  from 
the  high  land  of  the  interior,  and  then  spread  into  lakes  in 
the  low  maritime  regions,  so  that  they  reach  the  sea-shore 
with  slow  and  feeble  streams,  unable  to  overcome  the  tides 
and  currents  of  the  ocean  :  hence  their  mouths,  particularly 
on  the  W.  coast,  are  all  barred.  On  the  N.W.  side  of  the 
island,  where  the  elevated  coast  is  broken  into  inlets  and 
deep  bays,  the  rivers  which  flow  into  these  are  often  ac- 
cessible, and  navigable  in  boats  to  some  distance.  The 
largest  of  these  rivers  is  the  Betisbooka,  which  falls  into 
the  Bay  of  Bembatooka  nearly  in  lat.  16°  S.  This  inlet, 
about  30  feet  deep,  is  divided  into  two  parts  by  a  promon- 
tory on  its  E.  side;  the  lower  portion,  towards  the  sea, 
forms  a  secure  and  capacious  harbor,  capable  of  holding  the 
largest  fleets;  the  upper  portion  is  a  shallow  lagoon,  navi- 
gable only  by  vessels  of  little  dnaught.  Boats  can  ascend 
the  Betisbooka  to  a  distance  of  100  miles.  The  low  coasts 
exhibit,  not  unfrequently,  chains  of  lakes  running  parallel 
to  the  sea-shore,  formed,  in  some  cases,  by  the  overflowing 
of  the  rivers,  in  others,  by  the  sea,  and  which  are  fresh  of 
salt  according  to  circumstances. 


MAD 


1726 


MAD 


Tho  prevailing  rocks  arc  granite,  iycnito,  and  pure  quartz, 
with  abundant  vulcanic  iniuMos  and  u  long  scries  of  stratified 
roclcs,  which  probably  compose  the  subordinate  ridges,  or 
nearly  all  beyond  tho  central  heights.  The  chief  deposits 
of  iron  lie  in  tho  neighborhood  of  tho  volcanic  roolis.  They 
have,  however,  copjicr,  raangiinosc,  plumbago,  rook  salt  (an 
important  article  of  inland  tnvde),  nitre,  and  sulphur  from 
pyrites;  and  it  is  said  that  excellent  coal  has  been  found 
near  the  sources  of  a  rivor  fulling  into  tho  Dctisbooka. 

The  heat,  on  tho  coastJ>,  is  often  intense ;  but  on  the  high- 
land of  Ankova  the  thermometer  rarely  rises  above  80°; 
in  the  winter  it  often  sinks,  at  the  same  place,  to  4U° ;  hail 
and  sloot  are  frequent,  and  it  is  said  that  ice  is  often  found 
in  the  mountains  of  Ankaratra.  On  the  coasts  the  rains 
»re  nearly  constant,  bo;{inning  in  tho  evening  and  lasting 
•ometimos  all  night;  in  the  interior  the  winter  is  dry  and 
agreeable. 

Although  tho  interior  of  Madagascar  remains  still  unex- 
plored by  botanists,  enough  is  known  of  tho  vegetable  pro- 
ductions of  the  island  to  prove  their  richness  and  variety. 
Of  400  plants  collected  there,  lOU  arc  altogether  new,  and 
200  more  form  now  species.  Hard  woods,  fit  for  cabinet  use, 
abound,  but  soft  building-woods  are  deQcicnt.  The  most 
important  trees  are  tho  liaobab  {Adaiiioiiiti),  tho  Havinala 
(Urania  »pecio»a),  the  Filao  {Cutunrina  eqiiinctl/olia),  the 
Rafla,  a  Sagus,  from  the  iilanientous  leaves  of  which  is  made 
a  kind  of  cloth,  while  the  stem  furnishes  a  drink,  the  Avoha, 
which  furnishes  the  materials  of  a  coarse  sort  of  paper,  tho 
Ambaravatsi  {Tapia  eduUn),  feeding  the  native  silk-worm, 
the  Areca,  three  species  of  Pandanus,  the  Azaina,  yield- 
ing a  gum  greatly  valued  as  a  cement;  ebony;  th(i  Kavint- 
taxo.{Agathophifllumaromaticwm),  which  produces  a  highly 
fragrant  spice ;  besides  these  there  arc  numerous  dj'o-woods, 
varieties  of  Indian  fig,  tamarinds,  sugar-cane,  trees  and 
shrubs  yielding  gum  elastic,  copal  and  other  gums,  and  the 
lozoro  or  papyrus,  peculiar  to  the  island.  Ginger,  pepper, 
and  indigo  grow  wild  in  the  woods  ;  cotton,  sugar-cane, 
tobacco,  and  hemp  are  also  cultivated.  Except  in  the  N.W. 
and  W.,  where  the  Sakalavas  subsist  chiefly  on  arrow-root, 
the  principal  food  of  the  Madagassy  is  rice.  The  cocoa- 
nut  (on  tho  coast),  tho  plantain  and  banana,  yams,  manioc, 
maizo,  millet,  beans,  potatoes,  Ac,  add  to  the  general  abun- 
dance. Besides  the  native  fruits,  the  orange,  peach,  citron, 
mulberry,  and  even  grapes,  introduced  by  Europeans,  are 
now  widely  diffused  over  the  island ;  coffee  is  found  to 
thrive  well,  and  10  or  12  vegetable  oils  are  made. 

There  are  few  formidable  wild  animals  in  Madagascar, 
and  the  list  of  its  beasts  of  prey  embraces  only  a  small 
leopard,  tho  wild  dog,  the  wild  cat,  and  tho  bushy-tailed  fox. 
Crocodiles  are  nmnerous  in  most  of  tho  rivers.  Snakes  of 
great  size  are  often  met  with.  Apes  and  lemurs  are  nu- 
merous in  tho  woods.  The  horned  cattle,  in  which  chiefly 
consists  the  wealth  of  the  Madagassy,  are  of  the  hunched 
kind,  like  those  of  India.  There  are,  however,  wild  cattle 
in  the  forests  which  have  no  bunch.  Cattle  and  hides  are 
the  principal  articles  of  export.  Fibres,  gums,  coffee,  hides, 
and  rice  are  also  exported.  Tho  chief  trade  is  with  the 
Mauritius. 

People,  Citiitnm»,  <te. — Tho  population  of  Madagascar  is 
chiefly  of  the  Malagassy  family,  a  race  by  no  means  African, 
but  very  probably  of  Malay  affinities.  The  people  are  of 
three  leading  tribes,  the  Ilova  (the  dominant  race,  number- 
ing 1,700,000),  tho  Sakalava  (500,000),  and  Betsimisaraka 
(300,000).  There  are  on  tho  coasts  and  in  the  large  towns 
many  people  of  Arabian,  East  Indian,  African,  and  mixed 
descent. 

Government. — The  government  of  Madagascar  seems  to 
be  a  monarchical  despotism.  Public  assemblies  arc  still 
called  and  addressed  by  the  sorcrcign,  but  arc  not  consulted. 
The  monarchy  is  hereditary ;  but  tho  order  of  succession 
appears  not  to  bo  fixed,  tho  reigning  sovereign  affecting  to 
appoint  his  successors.  A  body  of  judges  sits  constantly  in 
public  to  hear  complaints  and  settle  disputes,  but  they  are 
not  guided  by  any  written  code  of  laws.  Previous  to  the 
close  of  the  last  century  the  island  appears  to  have  been 
divided  among  a  great  number  of  independent  tribes.  The 
government  is  rude  and  simple.  Neither  in  the  civil  nor 
military  service  are  salaries  p(  id,  nor  is  allowance  made 
for  board.  The  prevalent  system  of  religion  is  Presbyterian 
Christianity.     Capital,  Tananarive.    Chief  port,  Tamatave. 

Hitlory. — The  English  established  a  factory  in  St.  Augus- 
tine's in  1644,  bat  tho  climate  and  the  hostility  of  tho  na- 
tives compelled  them  to  abandon  it  at  the  end  of  two  years. 
The  French  East  India  Company  made  settlements  on  the 
E.  coast  as  early  as  1642 ;  they,  too,  were  forced  to  yield  to 
the  climate.  Their  attempts  to  colonize  the  E.  coast  were 
recommenced  in  1745,  and  again  failed;  and  in  1773  the 


adventurer  Bcnyowsky  conducted  an  expedition  to  Anton 
gil  Bay,  but  he  too  perished.  The  French  mill  retain  i 
few  coast  islands,  of  which  Nos8i-B6  is  the  chief.  UiidoniiL 
born  in  1792,  succeeded  to  the  throne  of  Ankova  in  1803 
Having  boon  sent  to  Great  Britain  to  be  cducntc<l  be  roi 
turned  to  Tananarive  in  1817.  This  prince  abolished  \n. 
fanticide,  and  discouraged  as  much  as  poHcible  the  btlicf 
in  witchcraft  and  other  superstitions.  He  formed  a  regular 
army,  trained  by  General  Brady,  a  West  Indian  mulntio 
With  this  force,  30,000  including  artillery,  ho  8ub<lue<l  tli« 
whole  island.  He  meditated  opening  roads  and  canalii, 
and  actually  commenced  cutting  through  the  nooki  of 
land  which  8oi)arato  the  lakes  along  the  coast.  II«  en- 
couraged the  missionaries,  and,  above  all,  their  schools.  In 
short,  Hadama,  whose  principle  was  that  truth  and  juirtict 
wore  the  foundations  of  his  throne,  was  one  of  the  nio«t 
remarkable  civilizcrs  the  world  has  ever  seen.  lie  was  on 
the  point  of  seeing  his  vast  projects  crowned  with  succcff, 
when  his  queen  caused  him  to  bo  poisoned  in  July,  1S2S 
She,  with  her  infamous  accomplice,  succeeded  to  tho  tbrono, 
and  in  a  short  time  manifested  her  desire  to  undo,  as  far 
as  possible,  all  that  ho  had  accomplished.  Tho  schools  wcrt 
closed,  and  tho  missionaries  left  the  island  in  18.'{5.  Th« 
native  Christians,  who  had  become  numerous,  wore  iub< 
jectod  to  cruel  persecution  ;  many  of  them  suffered  martyr> 
dom  in  1850.  But  the  new  religion  continued  to  spread- 
in  1860  the  queen  was  baptized,  and  by  royal  command  all 
the  idols  in  Madagascar  were  burned.  Pop.  3,520,000. 
Adj.  and  inhab.  Madegassy,  miure-gas'see,  .Madrcassri!, 
mad'e-kas'see,  Mai,aoassv,  or  Malgash,  maPgash'  (Fr. 
Malkoache,  mirgish'). 

Madahpoora,  m4-dl-poo'ri,  a  town  of  Bengal,  dis- 
trict and  62  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Boglipoor.     Pop.  3409. 

Madaiii)  a  village  of  Asiatic  Turkey.    See  MonAis. 

Madalcna,  md-d&-l4'n&,  a  little  island  of  South  Amer- 
ica, near  the  S.  coast  of  Chiloe. 

Madalenaf  South  America.    See  Magdalexa. 

Mad'alin,  a  post-village  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Red  Hook  township,  near  the  Hudson  River,  }  of  a  mile 
from  Tivoli  Station,  and  50  miles  S.  of  Albany.  It  ban  4 
churches,  a  fine  school-house,  and  a  flour-mill.    Pop.  62y. 

Madanganj,  a  town  of  India.    See  Mudu.vgunge, 

Madapollam,  m&-di-pol-l/lm',  a  town  of  India,  ii 
Madras,  43  miles  E.N.E.  of  Masulipatara,  on  the  Coro- 
mandel  coast.     It  has  manufactures  of  cottons. 

Madar,  mOhMan',  a  village  of  Hungary,  00.  and  II 
miles  from  Komorn.     Pop.  12'J9. 

Madaras,  mCh'dohVosh',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Bacs,  41  miles  S.W.  of  Szegedin.     Pop.  4763. 

Madarasz,  mohMoh'rdss',  a  town  of  Hungary,  00.  of 
Szabolcz,  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Szegedin.     Pop.  7076. 

Mad'awas'ka,  a  township  of  Aroostook  co.,  Me., 
about  100  miles  N.  of  Houlton,  is  bounded  on  tho  N.  by  the 
river  St.  John,  which  separates  it  from  Canada.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  1041. 

Madavvaska  River,  Ontario,  flows  from  the  S.,  and, 
after  a  course  of  250  miles,  enters  Chats  Lake,  an  expansion 
of  the  Ottawa,  25  miles  above  Ottawa  City.  It  drains  an 
area  of  upwards  of  4000  square  miles.  On  its  banks  are 
found  the  best  red  and  white  pine. 

Madawaska  River  rises  in  Lake  Temiscouata,  and, 
running  S.,  falls  into  the  river  St.  John  at  Edmundifton, 
Now  Brunswick.  It  is  30  miles  long,  and  varies  in  breadth 
from  90  to  150  yards.  The  Madawaska  abounds  with  tront, 
and  is  navigable  throughout  for  small  steamers.  Mada- 
waska means  "  never  frozen."     See  EoMUNDSToy. 

Mad'bury,  a  township  and  station  in  Strafford  00., 
N.H.,  on  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of. 
Dover.     Pop.  408.  ' 

Maddalcna,  an  island  of  Italy.     See  La  Maddaikta. 

Maddaloni,  mid-di-lo'nce,  a  city  of  Italy,  province  ! 
of  Cascrta,   15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Naples.     Pop.  18,767.    It 
has  a  royal  college,  and  a  noble  aqueduct  built  by  Charlei 
III.  to  convey  water  to  the  cascades  in  the  royal  garden*  } 
of  Cascrta.    Maddaloni  is  supposed  to  occupy  the  site  of  lh« 
ancient  Siiesunla. 

Maddelijce,  midM?h-jee',  a  village  of  Sinde,  28  mile* 
S.E.  of  Larkhana.     Lat.  27°  36'  N. ;  Ion.  68°  34'  E. 

Mad'dcnsville,  a  post-hamlct  of  Huntingdon  co.,P».i 
5  miles  S.  of  Three  Sprins^,  and  about  22  miles  N.W.  of 
Chambcrsburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Mad'diugton,  a  hamlet  of  Salem  co.,  N.J.,  3i  mile 
from  Salem. 

Maddy,  Loch,  a  bay  of  Scotland.    See  Loch  Maddt. 

Madebeke,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Medebach. 

Madecassc,  the  native  name  for  MAnAOASCAn. 

Madefalva,  m4-di  fil'vi,  or  Metzdorf,  miu'dont 


MAD 


1727 


MAD 


aillage  of  Transylvania,  on  the  Altfluss,  about  80  miles 
llof  Kronstadt.     Pop.  1250. 

Madeira,  mi-dee'ra  (Port.  pron.  ml-di'o-ri  or  mi- 
dri),  an  island  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  belonging  to  Por- 
tkl,  about  440  miles  off  the  W.  coast  of  Morocco,  between 
sfsO'  and  32°  53'  N.  lat.  and  16°  40'  and  17°  20'  W.  Ion. 
Ik  35  miles  long  and  12  miles  broad.  It  consists  of  a  mass 
orolcanic  rocks,  whose  highest  peak  reaches  an  elevation 
oapwards  of  6000  feet.  Through  the  W.  half  of  the  island 
r  s  a  central  ridge,  about  5000  feet  high,  on  which  is  an 
c  jnsivo  plain  called  Paul  de  Serra.  From  the  central 
n  :s  steep  ridges  extend  to  the  coast,  where  they  form  per- 
p  dicular  precipices  from  1000  to  2000  feet  high.  These 
c  s  are  interrupted  by  a  few  small  bays,  where  a  richly 
ciivated  valley  approaches  the  water  between  abrupt 
p  iipices  or  surrounded  by  an  amphitheatre  of  rugged 
li  5.  These  narrow  bays  are  the  sites  of  the  villages  of 
J  leira.  The  road  round  the  island  is  in  many  places 
e:bedingly  picturesque,  passing  often  between  lofty  cliffs, 
01  long  the  front  of  precipices  overhanging  the  sea.  The 
n:  intain-stecps  of  Madeira  are  clothed  with  a  remarkably 
rii  and  luxuriant  verdure.  Terraces  are  visible  on  every 
si  I,  and  every  available  and  accessible  spot  is  turned  to 
aiantage.  The  richest  vine-district,  and  the  part  where 
g  ffs  the  Malmsey  grape,  is  the  valley  of  the  Cama  de 
L  OS,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  island.  Formerly  wine  was  the 
stilo  export  of  Madeira,  but  a  disease  of  the  vines  for  a 
tie  nearly  suspended  all  wine-making:  at  present,  how- 
c  r,  considerable  wine  is  produced.  In  the  lower  portions 
o:  he  island  groves  of  orange- and  lemon-trees  are  mingled 
wi  the  vineyards ;  highgr  up,  bananas,  figs,  pomegranates, 
<fc  are  seen ;  and  still  higher,  apples,  currants,  pears, 
a;  peaches.  Coffee  and  arrow-root,  both  of  excellent 
q  lity,  are  also  grown.  Wheat,  barley,  rye,  and  Indian 
cia  are  raised,  but  only  to  the  extent  of  about  one-fifth 
olho  quantity  consumed.  The  climate  of  Madeira  is  very 
ccfible,  and  is  famed  for  its  salubrity;  the  mean  tempera- 
tui  is  65°,  and  the  extremes  74°  and  63°.  It  is  considered 
r<r  healthy,  and  is  much  resorted  to  by  invalids,  particu- 
lar those  suffering  from  pulmonary  affections.  Capital, 
F  chal.    The  language  is  Portuguese.     Pop.  123,841. 

he  group  of  islands  called  the  Madeira  Islands  or 
Mdeiua  Gkoup  consists  of  the  two  islands  of  Madeira  and 
Pi-,0  Santo,  and  the  three  islets  called  the  Desertas,  in  lat. 
3S  3'  to  33°  7'  N.,  Ion.  16°  13'  to  16°  38'  W.  They  were 
diovered  by  Don  Joao  Gonzales  Zarco  and  Tristiio  Vnz  in 
14);  the  name  Madeira  was  given  to  the  principal  island 
fr  I  the  magnificent  forests  of  timber  (in  Portuguese,  ma- 
dia) which  then  covered  it.    See  Desertas  and  Porto 

SjTO. 

[adeira,  Madera,  mi-di'rJ.,  or  Cayari,  kt-4-ree', 
a.  r'er  of  South  America,  in  Brazil,  is  formed  by  the  junc- 
ti(  of  the  Bcni  and  Mamore,  in  lat.  10°  30'  S.,  Ion.  65° 
40^.,  whence  it  flows  N.E.  700  miles,  and  joins  the 
A  izon  (of  which  it  is  the  largest  tributary)  in  3°  30'  S. 
lajand  about  58°  W.  Ion.  Including  the  Mamore,  its 
pncipal  branch,  which  some  consider  as  the  true  Madeira, 
it  jw  a  length  of  2000  miles,  for  nearly  1000  of  which  it  is 
nagable.  For  546  miles  from  its  mouth  it  is  at  all  times 
nagable  for  vessels  drawing  6  feet ;  above  this,  between 
lap°  50'  and  11°  S.,  the  navigation  is  interrupted  by  17 
caracts;  for  500  miles  above  the  cataracts  or  rapids  it  is 
nalgable  for  small  steamboats.  In  the  lower  500  miles  of 
itsjourse  the  depth  varies  from  27  to  200  feet;  above  the 
rajds  it  is  generally  from  20  to  30  feet.  Madeira  derives 
itsiiame  from  the  great  quantity  of  timber  (madeira)  or 
loi brought  down  by  the  periodical  floods.  (See  Mamore.) 
Itkvalley  exports  hides,  tallow,  cinchona,  cacao,  rubber, 
cojiba.  fish,  tobacco,  nuts,  and  sarsaparilla. 

adeira,  ma-dee'ra,  a  post-hamlot  of  Hamilton  co.,0., 
inolumbia  township,  on  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Rail- 
ro  ,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  several  churches 
m  it. 

adeleine,  midMan',  a  river  of  Gasp6  co.,  Quebec, 
ot  rg  the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence  at  Cap  de  la  Magde- 
Ici!,  about  100  miles  below  Matane. 

adeleine,  or  La  Madeleine,  14  mid'lin',  a  vil- 
la] of  France,  in  Nord,  1  mile  from  Lille.  It  has  iron- 
fo  dries,  potteries,  and  manufactures  of  chemical  products, 
00  in  and  linen  goods,  and  starch.     Pop.  7435. 

adeley,  mid'lee,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Salop,  on 
tn  jevorn,  at  a  railway  junction,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Shrcws- 
bu  .  It  has  an  iron  bridge  across  the  Severn  of  1  arch  of 
10  foot  span,  a  handsome  church,  a  market-house,  iron- 
wc :?,  manufactures  of  porcelain,  and  coal-mines.  Pop.  of 
pa  ih,  9475. 

ade'lia,  a  post- village,   capital  of  Watonwan  co., 


Minn.,  in  Madelia  township,  on  the  Watonwan  River,  and 
on  the  St.  Paul  &  Sioux  City  Railroad,  24  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Mankato,  and  110  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  2  news- 
paper offices,  a  graded  school,  3  churches,  and  a  money- 
order  post-office.  Pop.  of  the  village  in  1890,  852 ;  of  the 
township,  additional,  541. 

Mad'ely,  a  post-office  of  Portage  co.,  Wis.,  7  miles  S. 
of  Amherst. 

Maden,  mi.'din,  a  term  of  Arabic  origin,  signifying 
"metal"  or  "mine,"  furnishing  the  root  of  Almaden,  Keb- 
BAN  Maden,  Argiiana  Maden,  &c.  (which  see). 

Madera,  a  river  of  Brazil.    See  Madeira. 

Madera,  mi-dA'ra,  a  post-office  of  Fresno  co.,  Cal. 

Made'ra,  a  post-village  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.,  on  Clear- 
field Creek,  about  24  miles  N.  of  Altoona.  It  has  a  flour- 
mill  and  a  saw-mill.     Coal  is  mined  near  this  place. 

Maderno,  mi-dSn'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  20  miles  N.B. 
of  Brescia.     Pop.  1627. 

Madfunch,  Egypt.     See  Arabat-el-Madfoon. 

Madhajrajpoor,  mid-hij-rij-poor',  a  town  of  India, 
24  miles  S.S.E.  of  Jeypoor. 

Mad^hepoor',  a  town  of  India,  district  and  25  mile« 
E.  of  Durbungah.     Pop.  7301. 

Madhumati,  a  river  of  Bengal.     See  Balestvar. 

Madhiirapoor,  mid'hur-a-poor',  a  town  of  Bengal, 
Boglipoor  district.     Pop.  3242." 

Madiana,  the  native  name  of  Martinique. 

Madignano,  m3,-deen-y5,'no,  a  village  of  Northern 
Italy,  government  of  Milan,  on  the  Serio.     Pop.  1466. 

Madion,  rai'do-on%  a  Dutch  residency  of  the  island  of 
Java,  on  its  S.  coast,  with  a  town  of  the  same  name. 

Madiran,  mi'deeV6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  llautea- 
Pyr6n6es,  23  miles  N.N.W.  of  Tarbes.     Pop.  1117. 

Madis'co,a  post-village  in  Gloucester  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  and  on  the  Intercolonial 
Railway,  11  miles  N.  of  Bathurst.  It  contains  a  hotel  and 
6  stores.     Pop.  300. 

Mad'ison,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Alabama,  borders 
on  Tennessee.  Area,  about  800  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  S.  by  the  Tennessee  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the 
Flint  River,  which  enters  the  former  river  in  this  county. 
The  surface  is  hilly,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests. 
The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  grass,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  an  abun- 
dance of  limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  the  East  Tennes- 
see, Virginia  <fc  Georgia  Railroad  and  the  Louisville  & 
Nashville  Railroad.  Capital,  Hunlsville.  Pop.  in  1870 
31,267;  in  1880,  37,625;  in  1890,  38,119. 

Madison,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Arkansas,  has 
an  area  of  about  892  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  King 
and  War  Eagle  Rivers,  and  by  the  Main  Fork  of  White 
River,  all  of  which  rise  in  it.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  chestnut,  pine,  Ac. 
The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  pork,  and 
live-stock  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  beds 
of  marble  and  magnesian  limestone.  It  is  intersected  in 
the  S.W.  part  by  a  branch  of  the  St.  Louis  <fc  San  Fran- 
cisco Railroad.  Capital,  Huntsville.  Pop.  in  1870,  8231; 
in  1880,  11,455;  in  1890,  17,402. 

Madison,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Florida,  borders 
on  Georgia.  Area,  about  830  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  S.E.  by  the  Suwanee  River,  and  on  the  AV.  by  the 
Ocilla  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  a  large  part  of 
it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton, 
sugar-cane,  Indian  corn,  and  cattle  are.  the  staple  products. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Florida  Central  &  Peninsular  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Madison.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,121;  in  1880, 
14,798;  in  1890,  14,316. 

Madison,  a  countj'  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an 
area  of  about  300  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Broad 
River  and  its  North  Fork.  Its  South  Fork  forms  the  S. . 
boundary  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  produces 
a  little  cotton,  Indian  corn,  Ac.  Among  its  minerals  are 
granite  and  iron  ore.  Capital,  Danielsville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
5227;  in  1880,  7978:  in  1890,  11,024. 

Madison,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an 
area  of  about  740  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W. 
by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  is  adjacent  to  the  mouth  of 
the  Missouri  River.  It  is  drained  by  Cahokia  and  Silver 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  mostly  undulating  or  nearly  level, 
except  the  W.  part,  which  is  more  hilly.  It  is  diversified 
with  prairies  and  forests  of  the  white  oak,  hickory,  ash, 
elm,  walnut,  linden,  maple,  <fec.  The  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  potatoes,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Coal  and  lime  are  among  the  articles  of 
export.    Carboniferous  limestone  of  good  quality  crops  out 


MAD 


n28 


HAD 


ia  thU  eoanty  at  the  oity  of  Alton.  Thiok  beds  of  bitumi- 
•out  coal  underlie  »  large  part  of  the  aurfucc.  This  county 
ii  intersected  by  the  ChiniK<>  it,  Alton  Itailrosd,  the  Cleve- 
land, Cincinnati,  Cliicagu  A,  SI.  Louis  Railroad,  the  Wabash 
Railroad,  the  St.  I^ouis,  Vundalin  A,  Torre  Haute  Railroad, 
the  Jacksonville  iSouthcastcrn  Railroad,  and  other  rail- 
roads. CapiUI,  Edwardsville.  Pop.  in  1870,  44,131;  in 
1880,  50,120;  in  1890,  51,&35. 

MadisuDy  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Indiana, 
has  an  areii  of  about  460  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  West  Fork  of  White  River  and  Fall  Creek,  nnd  is  partly 
drained  by  Pipe  Creak,  which  runs  S.W.  aoroFS  the  S.  part 
of  the  county.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  dense  forests,  in  which  the 
oak  and  sugar-inaple  abound.  The  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Qood  limestone  underlies  part  of  the  soil.  This 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago 
A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  the  Lake  Erie  A  Western  Railroad, 
the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  and  the 
Chicago  A  Southeastern  Railroad.  Capital,  Anderson. 
Pop.  in  1870,  22,770;  in  1880,  27,627;  in  1890,  36,487. 

Madison,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Iowa, 
has  an  area  of  576  square  mile.<<.  It  is  intersected  by  Grand 
Kiver  and  by  two  offluents  of  the  Des  Moines,  called  Middle 
River  and  North  River.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The 
greater  part  of  it  is  prairie.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  In- 
dian corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Coal  is  found  here.  The  Chicago,  Rock  Island 
A  Pacific  Railroad  touches  the  N.  border  of  this  county,  and 
a  branch  of  that  road  connects  Winterset  with  the  city  of 
Des  Moines.  The  S.E.  part  of  the  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul  A  Kansas  City  and  Des  Moines 
A  Kansas  City  Railroads.  Capital,  M'interset.  Pop.  in 
1870,  l.S,884;  in  1880,  17,224;  in  1890,  15,977. 

Madison,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Kentucky, 
has  an  area  of  about  385  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  and  N.W.  by  the  Kentucky  River,  and  is  partly 
drained  by  Silver  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  cattle,  and  pork  are 
the  staples.  This  county  has  abundance  of  limestone.  It 
is  intersected  by  several  branches  of  the  Louisville  A  Nash- 
ville Railroad,  and  by  the  Kentucky  Central  Railroad  and 
the  Richmond,  Nicholasville,  Irvine  A  Beattyville  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Richmond.  Pop.  in  1870, 19,543;  in  1880, 
22,052;  in  1890,24,348. 

Madison,  a  parish  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Louisiana,  has 
an  art-a  of  about  664  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  the  Mississippi  River  and  on  the  W.  by  Macon  Boyou, 
and  is  intersected  by  the  river  Tensas.  The  surface  is  level, 
and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  ash,  cypress,  gum, 
Ac.  The  soil  is  alluvial  and  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn 
are  the  staple  products.  This  parish  is  intersected  by  the 
Queen  A  Crescent  Route,  which  communicates  with  Tal- 
lulah,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  8600;  in  1880, 13,906;  in 
1890,  14,133. 

Madison,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Mississippi, 
has  an  area  of  about  720  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.E.  by  Pearl  River,  and  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Big  Black 
River.  More  than  one-third  of  the  surface  is  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton^  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by 
two  branches  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  one  of  which 
connects  with  Canton,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,948; 
in  1880,  25,866;  in  1890,  27,321. 

Madison,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an 
area  of  about  492  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
St.  Francis  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Castor  Creek.  The 
surface  is  hilly  or  u^idulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  cov- 
;  ered  with  forests.  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
.products.  Among  its  minerals  are  iron,  lead,  and  lime- 
( stone.  This  county  is  interseoted  by  the  St.  Louis,  Iron 
Mountain  A  Southern  Railroad.  Capital,  Frederioktown. 
Pop.  in  1870,  5849;  in  1880,  §876;  in  1890,  9268. 

Madison,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Montana,  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Madison  Fork  of  the  Missouri  River,  and 
is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Jefferson  Fork.  Area, 
4260  square  miles.  The  surface  is  partly  mountainous,  and 
covered  with  extensive  pine  forests,  and  is  diversified  with 
grand  and  beautiful  scenery.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  pro- 
duces wheat,  barley,  oats,  and  pasture  for  cattle.  The  in- 
habitants are  mostly  employed  in  mining.  Rich  silver- 
mines  were  discovered  here  in  1872.  Granite,  Silurian 
limestone,  basalt,  and  quartz  are  found  here.  This  county 
is  intersected  in  the  extreme  N.  part  by  a  branch  of  the 
Northern  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Virginia  City.  Pop. 
in  1870,  2684;  in  1880,  3915;  in  1890,  4692. 


Madison,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Nebraska,  bu 
an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  KIk.  '. 
horn  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  North  Branch  of  that 
river  and  by  Taylor  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  outs,  Indian  corn,  and  liny  are  the 
staple  products.  Timber  is  rather  scarce  in  this  connty. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  the  Fremont! 
Elkhorn  A  Missouri  Valley  Railroad,  and  the  Chicago,  St. 
Paul,  Minneapolis  A  Omaha  Railroad,  the  first  named  of 
which  communicates  with  Madison,  the  capital.  Pop  in 
1870,  1133;  in  1880,  5589;  in  1890,  13,669. 

Madison,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  New  York 
has  an  area  of  about  628  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  Oneida  Lake  and  on  the  N.E.  by  Onoida  Crtalc, 
and  is  drained  by  the  Chenango  and  Unadilln  Rivers,  and 
by  Chittenango,  Canastola,  and  Oriskany  Creeks.  The 
surface  is  diversified  with  hills  and  valleys,  and  is  eztBB> 
sively  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  sugar-uiaple,  ub, 
and  oak  abound.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Oats,  hay,  hopi, 
butter,  Indian  corn,  milk,  and  wheat  are  the  Htuple  prod- 
ucts. The  rocks  which  underlie  it  are  Niagara  limestono, 
Onondaga  limestone,  and  shale.  This  county  has  quarries 
of  gypsum,  water-lime,  and  good  building-stune.  It  ii 
intersected  by  the  New  York  Central  A  Hudson  River  Rail- 
road, the  New  York,  Ontario  A  Western  Railroad,  tLo 
Elmira,  Courtland  A  Northern  Railroad,  the  West  Shore 
Railroad,  and  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Rail, 
road,  also  by  the  Erie  Canal.  Capital,  Morrisville.  Pop, 
in  1870,  43,522;  in  1880,  44,112:  in  1890,  42,892. 

Madison,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  North  Carolina, 
borders  on  Tennessee.  Area,  abo^it  480  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  French  Broad  River.  The  surface  ii 
mountainous,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  This  county 
is  traversed  from  N.  to  S.  by  the  Richmond  A  Danville 
Railroad,  which  connects  with  Marshall,  the  capital.  Pop. 
in  1870,  8192;  in  1880,  12,810;  in  1890,  17,805. 

Madison,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Ohio, 
has  an  area  of  about  465  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
Darby,  Deer,  and  Paint  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating 
or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
hay,  wool,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chioaj^ 
A  St.  Louis  Railroad  and  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  A  8L 
Louis  Railroad.  Capital,  London.  Pop.  in  1870,  15,633; 
in  1880,  20,129;  in  1890,  20,057. 

Madison,  a  county  of  West  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of 
about  520  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  South  Fork 
of  Forked  Deer  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Middle 
Fork  of  that  river.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly 
level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the 
oak,  hickory,  ash,  beech,  walnut,  tuliji-tree,  Ac.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  nnd  pork  are  tba 
staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Mobile  k 
Ohio  Railroad,  and  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad.  Capital, 
Jackson.  Pop.  in  1870,  23,480;  in  1880,  30,874;  in  18!)0, 
30,497. 

Madison,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Texas,  has 
an  area  of  about  450  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  the  Trinity  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Navasota 
River.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  cattle,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  Capital,  Madisonville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
4061 ;  in  1880,  5395;  in  1890,  8512. 

Madison,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Virginia,  has .' ' 
area  of  about  290  square  miles.     It  is  bounded  on  tbeS.l- 
and  S.W.  by  the  Rapidan  River,  and  on  the  N.W.  by  tbe 
Blue  Ridge.     The  surface  is  diversified  with  picturesque 
mountain-scenery,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  fore-i 
The  soil  is  partly  fertile.     Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  lu; 
grass  are  the  staple  products.      Capital,  Madison  Cou; 
House.  Pop.  in  1870,  8670;  in  1880, 10,562;  in  1890, 10,21' 

Madison,  a  post-village  of  St.  Francis  cc.  Ark.,  on  .~ 
Francis  River,  and  on  the  Memphis  A  Little  Rock  Railroaii, 
41   niilos  W.  by  S.  of  Memphis,  Tenn.,  and  4  miles  E.  of 
Forest  City.     It  has  a  shingle-factory,  a  planing-mill,  and 
a  general  store.     Pop.  about  100. 

Madison,  a  post-village  of  Yolo  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Vaca 
Valley  A  Clear  Lake  Railroad,  24i  miles  N.  of  Vacaville. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Madison,  a  post-village  in  Madison  township,  New 
Haven  co..  Conn.,  on  Long  Island  Sound,  and  on  the  Shore 
Line  Railroad,  20  miles  E.  of  New  Haven.  It  hns2or3 
churches,  an  academy,  a  ship-yard,  and  manufactures  of 
straw  board  and  fish  oil.  The  township  contains  4  cburohei 
and  a  pop.  of  1814. 

Madison,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Madison  co.,  Fla., 
on  the  Jacksonville,  Pensaoola  A  Mobile  Railroad,  110  miles 


MAD 


1729 


MAD 


(f .  of  Jacksonville,  and  55  miles  E.  of  Tallahassee.  It  has 
i  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  6  churches,  2  machine- 
Ihops,  2  saw-mills,  and  2  grist-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  781. 

Madison,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Morgan  co.,  Qa., 
b  the  Georgia  Railroad,  67  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Atlanta,  and 
l04  miles  W.  of  Augusta.  It  contains  the  Georgia  Female 
College  (Baptist),  6  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  2  or  3 
lanking-houses,  and  a  carriage-factory.  Large  quantities 
f  cotton  are  shipped  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  2131. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Richland  co..  111.     Pop.  1163. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1278. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  727. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  865. 
t  is  traversed  by  the  South  Fork  of  the  Wabash. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Daviess  co.,  Ind,  Pop.  1440. 
It  contains  Clarksburg. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Jay  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
ne.    Pop.  1279. 

Madison,  a  township  of  JefiFerson  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
liver,  contiguous  to  the  city  of  Madison.  The  surface  is 
illy.     Pop.  4865. 

Madison,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ind.,  is 
leasantly  situated  on  the  Ohio  Ilivcr,  88  miles  below  Cin- 
innati,  and  45  miles  above  Louisville.  By  railroad  it  is 
6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Indianapolis,  and  45  miles  S.E.  of  Co- 
iimbus.  Its  site  is  a  valley  which  is  elevated  above  the 
lighest  floods,  and  is  enclosed  on  the  N.  by  steep  hills 
learly  400  feet  high.  A  large  proportion  of  the  houses  are 
|uilt  of  brick,  and  the  streets  are  lighted  with  gas.  Madi- 
|on  contains  a  handsome  court-house,  about  15  churches, 
ieveral  public  halls,  a  public   library,  a  high  school,  2 

!iational  banks,  the  capital  of  which  amounts  to  $600,000, 
other  bank,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  1  daily,  1 
erai-weekly,  and  2  weekly  newspapers.  This  city  has  sev- 
ral  flouring-mills,  breweries,  <tc.  Among  the  products  of 
|ts  manufactories  are  steamboats,  furniture,  engines,  and 
,'ioilers.  It  is  a  terminus  of  the  Jeffersonville,  Madison  «fc 
indianapolis  Railroad.     Pop.  in  1890,  8936. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
74.     It  contains  Linden. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind.,  bounded  S.E. 
ly  the  White  River.     Pop.  1042. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  Ind.,  bounded  N.  by 
he  AVhite  River.     Pop.  723. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1043. 

Madison,  a  township  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Ind.     P.  1697. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Tipton  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1729. 

Madison,  a  township  of  AVashington  co.  Ind.     P.  835. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Buchanan  co.,  Iowa.     P.  612. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  401. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Clarke  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  581. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Fremont  co.,  Iowa.     P.  1029. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Hancock  co.,  Iowa.     P.  155. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  693. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Jones  co.,  Iowa,  about  4u  miles 
vS.W.  of  Dubuque,  is  traversed  by  the  Davenport  &  St. 
■■aul  Railroad.     Pop.  997. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  225, 

Madison,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa.  Pop,  774, 
xclusive  of  Earlham. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  902. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1631. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Poweshiek  co.,  Iowa.     P.  837. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Winneshiek  eo.,  Iowa.     P.  968. 

Madison,  a  post-hamlet  in  Madison  township.  Green- 
rood  CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Verdigris  River,  about  22  miles  S. 
f  Emporia.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop,  of 
he  township,  407, 

Madison,  a  township  of  Riley  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  416. 

Madison,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  co..  Mo.,  in  Madi- 
t)n  township  (which  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Kennebec 
liver),  and  on  the  Somerset  Railroad,  8  miles  N.W.  of 
forridgewock.  It  has  manufactures  of  lumber,  starch, 
ash,  and  blinds.     Pop.  of  township,  1401. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Lenawee  co.,  Mich,  Pop.  1300, 
xclusive  of  a  part  of  Adrian. 

Madison,  a  post-hamlet  in  Deerfield  township,  Livings- 
<in  CO.,  Mich.,  about  38  miles  E.  of  Lansing.  It  has  a 
hurch. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Lyon  co.',  Minn.     Pop.  158. 

Madison,  a  hamlet  of  Mower  co.,  Minn.,  near  the  Chi- 
jftgo,  Milwaukee  A  St,  Paul  Railroad,  about  10  miles  N.  of 
austin. 
j  Madison,  a  township  of  Cedar  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1561. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Clarke  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1060. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Grundy  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1396. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Harrison  co..  Mo,    Pop,  861, 


Madison,  a  township  of  Johnson  co..  Mo.  Pop.  3329L 
It  contains  Holden. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Mercer  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  2021. 

Madison,  a  post-village  in  Marion  township,  Monroe 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  13 
miles  W,  of  Paris,  and  57  miles  W.S.W.  of  Hannibal,  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  tobacco-factory, 

Madison,  a  township  of  Polk  co..  Mo.     Pop,  1361, 

Madison,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Madison  co.,  Neb., 
on  Taylor  Creek,  30  miles  N,  of  Columbus,  and  about  100 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Omaha,  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a 
church,  a  savings-bank,  a  flouring-mill,  &o.   P.  (1890)  U30. 

Madison,  a  post-vilLage  in  Madison  township,  Carroll 
CO.,  N.II.,  on  the  North  Conway  division  of  the  Eastern 
Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of  Ossipee,  It  has  a  church  and  2 
hotels.     Pop.  of  the  township,  646. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Middlesex  co.,  N.J.     P,  1634. 

Madison,  a  post-village  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  in  Chat- 
ham township,  on  the  Morris  &  Essex  Railroad,  4  miles  S.E. 
of  Morristown,  and  17  miles  W.  of  Newark.  Here  is  the 
Drew  Theological  Seminary  (Methodist  Episcopal),  which 
has  an  endowment  of  $250,000  and  a  library  of  10,000 
volumes.  Madison  contains  also  a  classical  institute,  a 
large  convent,  and  5  churches. 

Madison,  a  post-office  of  Colfax  co..  New  Mexico,  48 
miles  S.  of  Trinidad,  Col. 

Madison,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  in  a 
township  of  the  same  name,  about  20  miles  S.W,  of  Utica, 
and  S  of  a  mile  from  Solsville  Station  of  the  New  York  A 
Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  It  has  4  churches,  a  cheese- 
factory,  and  a  tannery.  Pop.  about  350.  The  township 
is  drained  by  Oriskany  Creek,  Hops  constitute  its  staple 
product.     Pop,  2439, 

Madison,  a  township  of  Guilford  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  840, 

Madison,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.C,  on 
the  Dan  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mayo,  about  36  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Danville,  Va.,  and  100  miles  W.N.W.  of  Raleigh. 
It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  295, 

Madison,  or  Madison  City,  a  village  in  Madison 
township,  Butler  co.,  0.,  near  the  Miami  River,  and  oppo- 
site Middlotown,  34  miles  N.  of  Cincinnati.  Pop.  158;  of 
the  township,  2450.  Here  is  Middletown  Station  on  the 
Cincinnati,  llamilton  &  Dayton  Railroad. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Clark  co.,  0,  Pop.  1965.  It 
contains  Selma  and  South  Charleston. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Columbiana  co.,  0,   Pop.  1202. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.     Pop.  1292, 

Madison,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  0,  Pop,  1300, 
It  contains  Waterloo. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  0.  Pop.  3261. 
It  contains  Groveport  and  Winchester. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Guernsey  co.,  0,  Pop.  1170, 
It  contains  Antrim  and  Winchester. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Hancock  co.,  0,     Pop.  967. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Highland  eo.,  0,  Pop,  3261. 
It  contains  Greenfield, 

Madison,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  0.     Pop.  2174, 

Madison,  a  post-village  in  Madison  township.  Lake 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad, 
40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cleveland,  and  15  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Ash- 
tabula. It  has  a  newspaper  office,  the  Madison  Seminary, 
2  flour-mills,  a  carriage-shop,  a  money-order  post-office, 
several  churches,  and  a  tannery.  Pop.  757,  The  township 
is  bounded  on  tho  N,  by  Lake  Erie,  and  intersected  by 
Grand  River,     Pop,  2913, 

Madison,  a  township  of  Licking  co.,  0,     Pop.  959. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  0,  Pop.  2097. 
It  contains  Amity,  Post  Town,  and  Trotwood. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Muskingum  co.,  0,     P.  1072, 

Madison,  a  township  of  Perry  co.,  0,  Pop.  685.  It 
contains  Mt.  Perry  and  Sego. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Pickaway  co.,  0,     Pop.  883. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Richland  co.,  0.  Pop,  1521, 
exclusive  of  Mansfield. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Sandusky  co.,  0.     Pop.  985, 

Madison,  a  township  of  Scioto  co.,  0.     Pop.  1578. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Vinton  co.,  0,  Pop,  1623,  It 
contains  Zaleski. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Williams  co.,  0.  Pop.  1532 
It  contains  Pioneer. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Armstrong  eo..  Pa,   Pop.  1621 , 

Madison,  a  township  of  Clarion  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1935. 

Madison,  a  township  of  Columbia  co..  Pa.    Pop.  1086. 

Madison,  a  post- village  in  Hempfield  township,  West- 
moreland CO.,  Pa.,  about  24  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg,  It 
has  3  churches. 

Madison,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lake  co.,  S.D.,  30 


MAD 


1730 


MAD 


miles  by  rail  W.  of  Flandreau.  It  has  3  newspaper  offices, 
a  feed-mill,  foundries,  a  rollor-iiiill,  a  lumber- mill,  and 
manufactures  of  bricks  and  ohlmneys.    Pop.  in  1890, 1736. 

jHadison«  a  post-village  of  Davidson  co.,  Tcnn.,  7  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Nanhvillo.    It  has  academics  ond  5  churchoe. 

Madiaon,  Virginia.    See  iM\Diso»  Run  Station. 

Madison,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Uoone  oo.,  W.  Va., 
about  26  miles  S.S.W.  of  Charleston.     It  has  a  church. 

Madison,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Wisconsin,  and  seat 
of  justice  of  l)ano  co.,  is  pleasantly  situated  on  an  isthmus 
between  Lakes  Mendotu  and  Monona,  SO  miles  W.  of  Mil- 
nraukoe,  and  132  miles  N.W.  of  Chicago,  in  lat.  43°  5'  N., 
Ion.  89°  20'  W.  Elevation,  783  feet.  It  stands  in  the  cen- 
tre of  a  brood  valley,  surrounded  by  heights,  from  irhich 
the  city  can  be  seen  at  a  distance  of  several  miles.  The 
isthmus  is  about  three-quarters  of  a  mile  in  width.  Lake 
Mcndota,  which  lies  on  the  N.W.  side  of  the  town,  is  6 
miles  long  by  4  miles  wide.  It  is  a  beautiful  sheet  of  water, 
with  clean  gravelly  shores.  The  do])th  is  sufficient  for 
navigation  by  steamboats,  and  is  estimated  at  about  60  feet. 
Lake  Monona  is  rather  smaller.  When  this  place  was  se- 
lected for  the  scat  of  government,  in  1836,  it  contained  no 
building  but  a  solitary  log  cabin.  The  capitol  is  a  beautiful 
structure,  built  of  stone  at  an  expense  of  $600,000,  standing 
on  ground  70  feet  above  the  level  of  the  lakes,  and  in  the 
centre  of  a  public  park.  The  streets  which  load  from  the 
onpitol  towards  the  cardinal  points  descend  gradually  to  the 
shores  of  the  lakes,  excepting  the  one  which  extends  west- 
ward to  College  Hill.  On  this  eminence,  1  mile  W.  of  the 
capitol,  and  about  125  feet  above  the  lake,  is  situated  the 
University  of  AVisconsin,  which  was  instituted  in  1849 
and  has  43  professors  and  over  1000  students.  It  is  open  to 
both  sexes.  Madison  contains  a  court-house,  16  churches, 
an  opera-house  costing  over  $75,000,  a  national  bank,  3 
other  banks,  an  asylum  for  the  insane,  a  stereotype-foundry, 
2  large  flouring-mills,  several  carriage-factories,  and  manu- 
factures of  farming-implements,  reapers,  tools,  machinery, 
sash,  doors,  blinds,  <fec.  Three  daily  and  several  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.  The  city  is  on  the  Chicago 
i,  Northwestern  Railroad,  and  is  connected  with  Milwau- 
kee by  three  railroads,  one  of  which  extends  westward  to 
Prairie  du  Chien.  Pop.  in  1860,  6611;  in  1870,  9176;  in 
1880,  10,324;  in  1890,  13,426. 

Mad'isonburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  0.,  4 
miles  N.  of  Wooster.     It  has  2  churches. 

Madisonburg,  a  post-village  of  Centre  co..  Pa.,  in 
Miles  township,  in  a  fertile  valley,  about  15  miles  S.  of 
Lock  Haven.     It  has  2  churches. 

Madison  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Somerset  co..  Me., 
in  Madison  township,  about  40  miles  N.  of  Augusta. 

Madison  City,  Ohio.    See  Madison. 

Madison  Court-House,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Madison  co.,  Va.,  about  80  miles  N.W.  of  Richmond,  and 
10  miles  S.E.  of  the  I31ue  Ridge,  of  which  it  commands  a 
beautiful  view.     It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  353. 

Madison  Cross  Roads,  post-office,  Madison  co.,  Ala. 

Madison  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  0.,  in 
Madison  township,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Washington. 

Madison  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Va. 

Madison  Pass,  or  Raynolds  Pass,  a  depression  in 
the  Rocky  Mountains,  near  the  boundary  between  Madison 
CO.,  Montana,  and  Oneida  co.,  Idaho,  leading  from  the  Snake 
Valley,  by  way  of  Henry's  Lake,  over  a  smooth  grassy 
lawn  into  the  Lower  Madison  Valley.  This  pass  is  at  an 
elevation  of  6911  feet  above  the  sea. 

Madison  River,  Montana,  rises  in  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains, near  Ion.  111°  A7.,  at  an  elevation  of  8300  feet  above 
the  sea-level,  runs  nearly  northward  through  Madison  co., 
passes  through  several  deep  canons  interspersed  with  pic- 
turesque valleys,  and  unites  with  the  Jefferson  Fork  of  the 
Missouri  at  the  Three  Forks,  on  the  W.  border  of  Gallatin 
CO.  It  is  about  230  miles  long.  Gold  and  silver  are  found 
near  this  river. 

Madison  Run  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co., 
Va.,  at  Madison  Station  on  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad, 
26  miles  N.E.  of  Charlottesville.  Here  are  a  church  and  2 
or  3  stores, 

Madison  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Ga., 
8  miles  from  Franklin  Springs. 

Madison  Station,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  Memphis  <fc  Charleston  Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of 
Iluntsville.  It  has  2  churches  and  2  or  3  schools.  Pop. 
about  450. 

Madison  Station,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co., 
Miss.,  on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad, 
12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Jackson.  It  has  2  churches,  a  seminary, 
and  several  business-houses. 


Mad'isonville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hopkins  oo., 
Ky.,  on  the  St.  Louis  &  Southeastern  Kailroail,  38  niilots! 
of  Henderson,  and  36  miles  N.  of  llopkinsville.  It  bu  a 
court-house,  4  churohes,  2  newspaper  offices,  u  bank,  and  a 
carriiigo-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  2212, 

Madisonville,  a  post-villngo  of  St.  Tammany  parifli, 
La.,  on  the  navigable  Chofonte  River,  about  2  iiiilci)  S.ot 
Lake  Pontchartrain,  and  32  miles  N.  of  New  Uricunt,  It 
has  2  churches,  3  ship-yards,  2  saw-mills,  and  a  turpentino- 
distillery,  Stcnuiboats  ply  daily  between  this  place  tnj 
New  Orleans.     Pop.  in  1890,  574. 

Madisonville,  a  post-village  of  Ralls  co..  Mo.,  ii^ 
Jasper  township,  on  Spencer  Creek,  about  22  miles  S.S.A\ . 
of  Hannibal.    It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  suw-mill, 

Madisonville,  a  post-village  of  liamitton  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  14  miles  N.K.  of  Cin- 
cinnati. It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  tannery,  tihi 
a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  in  1890,  2214. 

Madisonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lackawanna  co.,  Pa  . 
in  Madison  township,  15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Scranton.  Itha- 
a  church,  a  foundry,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  sash-factory. 

Madisonville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Monroe  c> 
Tenn.,  about  42  miles  S.S.W.  of  Knoxville,  and  15  mill 
N.E.  of  Athens.     It  has  several  churches  and  an  acadeniv. 
Pop.  324, 

Madisonville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Madison  en., 
Tex.,  28  miles  N.W,  of  Iluntsville,  and  about  94  miles  N 
by  W,  of  Houston,     It  has  a  church  and  a  newspaper  offici . 

Madisonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Charlotte  co.,  Va.,  .i 
miles  S.  of  Pamplin  City,     It  has  a  store  and  a  wagon-shop, 

Madisweil,mil'di8-'^ilo\a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  22  miles  N,E,  of  Bern.     Pop.  2291, 

Madjerydroog,  mi-jSu'e-droog',  a  town  and  hill-fort 
of  India,  62  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bangalore. 

MatUicosima  (mi-je-ko-sce'm&)  Islands,  nn  arcbi* 
pelago  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  between  Formosa  and  the  Loo. 
Choo  Islands.  Principal  islands,  Typinsan  and  Pacbung< 
san.  They  are  all  subject  to  Loo-Choo.  Some  of  the  islaniil 
are  mountainous,  and  all  are  highly  fertile. 

Ma'doc,  or  Ilas'tings,  a  flourishing  post-village  ia 
Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  on  Deer  Creek,  27  miles  N.  of  Belle- 
ville. It  contains  2  flouring-mills,  a  foundry,  a  tannery, 
marble-quarries,  productive  iron-mines,  about  16  stOfM,  8 
hotels,  Ac,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  800. 

Madocsa,  moh'do'choh^,  a  village  of  Hungary,  4  milei 
from  Paks.     Pop.  1236. 

Mado'nian  Mountains,  a  group  in  Sicily,  extending 
for  about  16  miles  N.W,  and  S,E,,  between  the  rivers  Gnnds 
and  Pollina, 

Madon'naville,  a  post-hamlct  of  Monroe  co.,  HI., 
about  28  miles  S.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.     It  has  a  church. 

Madra,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Modern. 

Madras,  ma-drass',  a  maritime  city  of  British  India, 
capital  of  the  presidency  of  Madras,  on  the  Coromandcl 
coast.  Lat.  13°  4' 6"  N.;  Ion.  80°  14' E,  It  is  situ.ited  on 
an  open,  sterile,  and  sandy  shore,  without  a  harbor  or  landr 
ing-placc,  and  exposed  to  the  swell  of  the  Bay  of  Bengal, 
which  breaks  upon  the  beach  with  great  violence.  A  great 
part  of  Madras  consists  of  what  is  called  the  Black  Town, 
containing  the  native  and  East  Indian  (or  mixed)  popula, 
tion,  with  a  few  European  families.  It  is  very  closely  and 
irregularly  built,  with  brick  houses  and  bamboo  huts;  bat 
the  garden-houses  in  the  vicinity,  in  which  the  European! 
chiefly  reside,  are  very  neat,  generally  only  one  story  high, 
and  embowered  among  trees  and  bushes.  The  public  officei 
and  storehouses  which  line  the  beach  are  imposing  stmo* 
turcs,  with  colonnades  to  the  upper  stories,  all  of  the  fine 
Madras  chunam,  smooth,  hard,  and  polished  as  marble. 
One  of  the  chief  objects  of  interest  in  Madras  is  its  citadel. 
Fort  St.  George,  which  commands  the  Black  Town  and  the 
Roads,  and  may  be  considered  the  nucleus  of  the  city.  It 
was  built  in  1639,  and  is  admirably  situated  for  the  defence 
of  the  town  and  shipping.  It  contains  a  church,  the  bar- 
racks, and  an  arsenal.  The  government  house,  the  cathe- 
dral of  St.  George,  and  some  of  the  other  public  buildings 
are  handsome  structures.  The  other  principal  building?  are 
several  Episcopal  and  Armenian  churches,  an  elegant  Pres- 
byterian church,  Independent  and  Wesleyan  chapels,  and 
Roman  Catholic  cathedral  and  chapels.  Besides  the  uni- 
versity, the  Presidency  college,  and  a  medical  college,  there 
are  largo  missionary  schools,  and  several  other  schools. 
Madras  is  the  chief  seat  of  all  the  government  offices  foriU 
presidency,  of  the  supreme  court,  a  board  of  revenue,  and 
marine  board,  is  an  Anglican  bishop's  see,  and  its  suburb, 
St.  Thom6,  has  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop.  Notwithstiinding 
the  disadvantages  of  its  position,  it  is  a  place  of  extensive 
trade.     In  the  Roads,  ships  moor  off  the  shore  in  from  7  to 


MAD 


1731 


MAD 


'jithoms.  From  October  to  January  storms  and  typhoons 
iSvail,  and  from  the  loth  of  October  the  flag-staff  is  struck 
fffl,  signal  for  ships  not  to  anchor  till  the  15th  of  December, 
lidras  is  connected  with  many  of  the  chief  cities  of  India 
{Railway.  The  imports  consist  chiefly  of  cotton  goods, 
lUn,  wines,  spirits,  metals,  sugar,  stationery,  betel-nuts, 
jlce-goods,  silk,  horses,  jewelry,  <fec.  Exports,  cotton, 
Ain,  indigo,  cotton  piece-goods,  saltpetre,  pepper,  <fec. 
'm  country  in  the  vicinity  of  Madras  presents  a  remark- 
jto  contrast  to  its  barren,  sandy  shore,  having  indeed  the 
fbearanco  of  a  fine  park ;  flowers  of  every  kind  abound, 
(ifi  the  roads  are  bordered  with  fine  avenues  of  trees,  in- 
tppcrsed  with  bungalows  and  residences  of  the  English. 

iladras  was  founded  in  1639  by  the  English,  who  obtained 
t  grant  of  a  piece  of  ground  from  the  Rajah  of  Chand- 
f  irry  for  the  erection  of  a  town  and  fort.     A  native  vil- 

0  of  the  name  of  Madras  formed  the  site  of  the  present 
trn.  It  soon  became  a  flourishing  city  and  the  chief  sta- 
tp  of  the  English  on  the  Coromandel  coast.     In  1702  it 

besieged  by  Daood  Khan,  but  bravely  and  successfully 

nded  against  him.  In  1744  it  was  taken  by  the  French, 
kept  it  until  1749,  when  peace  was  made  and  the  place 

restored  to  the  English.    In  175S  it  was  again  besieged 

he  French,  under  Lally,  who  was  obliged  to  retreat  after 

ege  of  two  months.     Pop.  in  1891,  449,950. 

riadras  Presidency,  one  of  the  great  territorial  di- 
vtons  of  British  India,  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Nizam's 
(lininions,  Orissa,  and  the  Bombay  presidency,  and  on  the 
1;  W.,  and  S.  by  the  Indian  Ocean.  It  comprises  a  large 
jiportion  of  peninsular  India,  embracing  the  whole  of  the 
Cpatic,  and  extending  across  the  peninsula.  Mysore, 
C')rg,  and  Travancoro  are  included  within  it.  The  cen- 
tjl  portion  of  the  presidency  is  occupied  by  a  table-land, 
sirounded  on  all  sides  by  an  undulating  or  plain  country, 
gldually  decreasing  in  height  as  it  apj)roaehes  the  sea,  the 
■able  enclosed  on  the  E.,  W.,  and  S.  by  three  mountain- 
r  ges,  called,  respectively,  the  East  and  West  Ghauts  and 
tl  Neilgherry  Mountains.  The  two  former  run  parallel 
tt'he  E.  and  W.  coasts;  the  third  traverses  the  peninsula 
fi|n  S.AV.  to  N.E.,  forming  a  connecting  link  between  them. 

principal  rivers  of  Mjidras  are  the  Godavery  and  Kistnah, 
their  tributaries,  and  the  Pennar,  Palaur,  Punnair, 
Cjcry,  Coleroon,  and  Vighey.  The  climate  generally  is 
riiioned  the  hottest  in  India,  but  differs  widely  in  differ- 
ei  localities,  according  to  elevation:  on  the  tops  of  the 
Klgherries  the  thermometer  in  the  cold  season  falls  to  31°. 
Alho  mouth  of  the  Kistnah  it  has  been  known  as  high  as 
1'°  at  midnight.  The  soil  along  the  coasts,  particularly 
tlie  of  the  Carnatic,  is  for  the  most  part  light  and  sandy ; 
iind  it  consists  of  a  decomposed  syenite,  impregnated  with 
B(,  which,  in  dry  weather,  covers  the  ground  with  a  saline 
etiirescence :  still,  the  district  of  Tanjore,  on  the  banks  of 
tl  Coleroon,  is  esteemed  the  granary  of  Southern  India. 
T  re  are  extensive  forests,  yielding  teak,  ebony,  and  other 
viiable  timber  trees.  The  principal  vegetable  productions 
airiee,  wheat,  barley,  maize,  and  all  the  other  grains  com- 
m  in  India,  sugar-cane,  and  a  great  variety  of  fruits, 
sjjcs,  tobacco,  hemp,  and  cotton.  The  cinchona-tree  has 
b«  successfully  introduced,  and  some  coffee  is  grown. 
T  re  has  been  a  large  increase  of  late  years  in  the  culti- 
vjon  of  sugar.  There  are  two  kinds  of  sugar  made  in 
Wlras,  one  from  various  kinds  of  palm-tree,  the  other 
fri  the  cane.  The  wild  animals  met  with  here  are  those 
oc  mon  to  other  parts  of  India,  namely,  the  elephant,  tiger, 
cFph,  bear,  buffalo,  deer,  antelope,  jackal,  wild  hog,  jungle 
slfp,  Ac.  Cotton  cloths  were  formerly  manufactured  here 
tc  great  extent,  but  the  superiority  of  British  goods  has 
niply  extinguished  this  branch  of  industry,  lied  cloth, 
m  lins,  carpets,  and  silks  also  continue  to  be  manufactured 
to  limited  extent.  For  revenue  purposes  the  presidency 
is  ivided  into  22  divisions  or  collectorates.  Tptal  area, 
e:u8ivo  of  feudatory  native  states,  138,856  square  miles. 
Ciital,  Madras.     Pop.  in  1891,  35,591,440. 

he  government  of  the  presidency  is  vested  in  a  gov- 
latir,  subordinate  to  the  governor-general  of  India.  lie  is 
as 5ted  by  a  council  of  3  members,  1  being  the  commander- 
inhief,  and  3  secretaries,  placed  over  the  revenue  and 
jiicial,  political,  and  military  departments.  In  each  of 
tb21  districts  into  which  the  presidency  is  divided  there 
i»  European  collector,  who  exerts  also  the  chief  magis- 
teil  power.  The  territories  of  the  presidency  were  nearly 
alicquircd  by  the  British  during  the  latter  half  of  the 
ei  teenth  century. 

[adre-de-Dios(ma,'Dri-di-dee'oce)  Archipelago, 
T  Patagonia,  is  between  lat.  50°  and  51°  S.,  and  about 
lo  75°  W.,  separated  from  the  mainland  and  from  Han- 
oi ■  and  Chatham  Islands  by  Conccpcion  Straits,  and  con- 


sists of  several  mountainous  and  rocky  islands,  little  ex- 
plored.    It  belongs  to  Chili. 

Madrid,  mi-drid'  (Sp.  pron.  mil-nreon',  almost  mirn- 
recTH';  anc.  Man'tna),  the  capital  city  of  Spain,  New  Cas- 
tile, in  a  province  of  its  own  name,  on  the  Manzanares,  in 
the  centre  of  the  peninsula,  lat.  40°  25'  N.,  Ion.  3°  45' 
AV.,  2450  feet  above  sea-level.  Railways  connect  it  with 
the  principal  cities  of  Spain.  The  city  is  built  on  several 
low  and  irregular  sand-hills,  and  is  surrounded  by  a  bar- 
ren and  extensive  plain,  which,  except  on  the  S.W.,  has  no 
visible  limit  but  the  horizon.  It  is  nearly  square,  being 
about  2  miles  in  extent  from  N.  to  S.,  and  2'i  miles  from 
E.  to  W.,  is  walled,  and  entered  by  16  public  gates,  of 
which  the  finest  are  the  Pucrta  de  Alcald,  facing  the  high- 
way to  Aragon,  and  the  Puerta  de  Toledo.  The  streets,  dis- 
tributed somewhat  irregularly  around  the  Puerta  del  Sol, 
which  is  in  the  centre  of  the  capital,  are  broad,  long,  and 
airy;  and,  except  in  a  few  streets,  the  houses  are  in  general 
well  constructed,  substantial,  and  of  good  appearance.  The 
squares  are  not  very  numerous,  nor  do  they  contribute  much 
to  the  embellishment  of  the  city.  Of  these,  the  Plaza  Mayor, 
a  little  S.  of  the  Calle  Mayor,  or  main  street,  is  one  of  the 
largest  and  most  regular,  being  434  feet  long  and  334  feet 
broad,  with  houses  supported  by  granite  pillars,  which  form 
a  line  of  arcades  beneath ;  in  the  centre  is  an  elliptical 
esplanade  adapted  to  bull-fights,  with  an  equestrian  statue 
of  Philip  III.  On  the  W.  side  of  the  city,  and  facing  the 
royal  palace,  is  the  Plaza  de  Oriente,  which  is  adorned  with 
40  statues  of  Gothic  kings,  as  well  as  those  of  the  Asturias, 
Leon,  Castile,  and  Aragon.  In  the  centre  is  a  fine  eques- 
trian statue  of  Philip  IV.  On  the  N.AV.  and  S.E.  of  the 
square  are  gardens,  with  avenues  of  trees,  and  on  the  E. 
stands  the  Teatro  de  Oriente.  Near  the  E.  side  of  the  city 
is  the  Plaza  de  las  Cortes.  It  is  adorned  with  several  rows 
of  trees,  and  in  the  centre  stands  the  semi-colossal  statue 
of  Cervantes,  by  Antonio  Sola.  The  water  with  which  the 
city  is  supplied  comes  from  the  neighboring  mountains,  fil- 
tered through  coarse  red  sand  into  subterranean  conduits. 

The  royal  palace,  situated  at  the  W.  extremity,  is  one  of 
the  most  magnificent  in  the  woi-ld.  It  occupies  the  site  of 
the  original  Alcazar  (castle)  of  the  Moors,  and  is  of  enor- 
mous extent,  being  470  feet  each  way  and  100  feet  high. 
The  rustic  base  is  of  granite,  the  window-work  of  white 
stone.  It  contains  a  small  but  splendid  Corinthian  chapel, 
and  a  library  of  nearly  100,000  volumes,  and  the  armory  is 
one  of  the  finest  in  the  world.  The  Palaoio  del  Congreso 
de  Diputados,  or  Chamber  of  Deputies,  covers  an  area  of 
42,700  square  feet,  and  is  faced  throughout  with  granite. 
The  Palacio  de  los  Consejos  is  a  fine  classic  edifice,  designed 
by  Herrera.  This  palace  was  purchased  by  Philip  V.,  and 
contains  the  royal  council,  the  supreme  tribune  of  justice, 
&a.  The  Audiencia  is  one  of  the  few  buildings  in  Madrid 
of  the  period  of  the  Austrians;  it  is  two  stories  high,  and 
simple  in  style.  The  Aduana,  or  custom-house,  built  in 
1769,  is  a  vast  and  sumptuous  edifice  of  five  stories,  the 
lower  portion  composed  of  granite,  with  five  arched  en- 
trances in  the  principal  facade.  The  Casa  de  Correos,  or 
post-office,  a  handsome  structure,  stands  isolated  on  the  S. 
side  of  the  Puerta  del  Sol ;  and  the  Casas  Consistoriales,  or 
town  house,  is  situated  in  the  Plaza  de  la  Villa.  The  Pa- 
lacio de  Buenavista  rises  majestically  on  an  eminence  at 
the  extremity  of  the  Calle  do  Alcald  (Alcala  street),  near  the 
Prado ;  it  contains  the  war  oflice  and  a  military  museum. 
The  offices  of  marine,  justice,  and  finance  are  in  the  Casa 
do  los  Ministerios  (house  of  the  ministers),  built  for  the 
secretaries  of  state  by  order  of  Charles  V.  The  mint  (Casa 
de  Moncda)  is  to  the  S.  of  the  palace. 

The  parish  churches  are  about  20  in  number;  among 
them  may  be  named  those  of  Santa  Maria  and  San  Fran- 
cisco,— the  latter  one  of  the  finest  in  Madrid, — San  Gines  in 
the  Plaza  Mayor,  and  opposite  to  it  Santa  Cruz.  Some  of 
the  convents  have  been  appropriated  to  public  secular  uses, 
some  have  been  sold,  and  others  demolished.  Of  the  nun- 
neries, the  Salesas  Vicjas,  in  the  N.E.  corner  of  Madrid,  an 
edifice  of  immense  extent,  covering,  with  its  garden,  an 
area  of  88  acres,  was  built  in  1758  as  a  place  of  retreat  and 
a  seminary  for  young  noble  ladies ;  and  the  Descalzas 
Reales,  near  the  centre  of  the  city,  was  founded  by  Juana, 
daughter  of  Charles  V.,  the  abbess  of  which  is  ranked  as  a 
grandee  of  Spain. 

The  most  important  charitable  institutions  are  the  mili- 
tary hospital,  an  extensive  building  in  the  N.W.  part  of 
the  city,  and  the  Hospicio  of  San  Fernando,  with  schools 
for  both  sexes,  who  are  also  taught  various  handicrafts.  At 
the  S.E.  angle  of  the  oity  stands  the  General  Hospital.  The 
Inclusa,  or  foundling  hospital,  receives  about  1500  childrea 
yearly,  and  connected  with  it  is  the  Colegio  de  NiSos  de  lift' 


MAD 


1732 


MAE 


P««,  to  whioh  girls  are  transferred  to  be  educated  at  the 
age  of  seven  years.  There  are,  besides,  a  hospitiil  of  in* 
enrables,  a  lying-in  aaylatn,  a  hospital  fur  priesti*,  and  vari- 
uiu  other  benevolent  establisbmonts.  Near  the  S.E.  corner 
of  the  Plaxa  Mayor  stands  the  Carcol  de  Corte,  or  state 
prison,  lioro,  also,  are  the  tribunals  of  the  Audionoia,  or 
supreme  court.  The  Carccl  de  Villa  stands  at  the  N.E. 
extremity  of  the  city,  beside  the  gate  of  Santa  Barbara. 
There  is  also  a  model  prison,  a  house  of  correction  for 
Toung  men,  several  female  prisons,  the  Arrepentidas,  the 
JJagdalcn  Asylum,  Ac. 

There  arc  7  theatres  in  Madrid,  but  the  most  popular 
nlnce  of  amusement  is  the  Plaza  de  Toros,  a  building  wliiuh 
18  about  1100  fuot  in  circumference  and  capable  of  contain- 
ing 12,000  spectators.  The  bull-fights  begin  in  April,  and 
continue  till  November.  There  are  also  a  circus,  a  hippo- 
drome, a  club  called  Casino  del  Principe,  and  various  other 
places  of  amusement.  The  Prado,  an  extensive  park  nearly 
2  miles  long,  lies  near  the  gate  of  Alcald:  here  on  winter 
mornings  and  summer  afternoons  appear  all  the  beauty, 
rank,  and  fashion  of  the  Spanish  capital.  The  Prado,  ex- 
tending along  the  E.  side  of  the  city,  was  levelled  and 
planted  by  the  Conde  de  Aranda,  under  Charles  III.,  and 
laid  out  by  Jos6  Ilermonsilla  in  garden-walks.  It  oontaius 
a  fine  botanic  garden,  and  is  a  place  of  great  resort.  There 
are,  besides,  the  gardens  of  the  Buen  Ketiro,  those  behind 
the  royal  palace,  those  of  the  Real  Casino,  the  Casa  del 
Campo,  where  horse-  and  hurdle-races  are  given,  the  Paseo 
de  la  Florida,  the  Paseo  de  la  Honda,  which  encircles  the 
greatest  part  of  the  city,  the  Atocha,  a  winter  promenade. 
Las  Belicias  de  Isabel,  at  the  N.E.  corner  of  Madrid  (con- 
taining the  Fuonte  Castollana),  and  various  other  prome- 
nades. 

The  Royal  Museum  of  Painting  and  Sculpture,  standing 
In  the  Prado,  contains  more  than  2000  pictures,  many  of 
which  are  by  the  most  celebrated  artists :  it  is  the  largest 
and  one  of  the  best  art  collections  in  the  world.  The  gallery 
of  sculpture  is  very  inferior.  A  museum,  established  in  the 
suppressed  convent  of  La  Trinidad,  was  opened  to  the  pub- 
lic by  Espartoro  in  1842.  Here  have  been  collected,  from 
the  convents  and  galleries  of  Don  Carlos  and  the  Infante 
Sebastian,  some  1600  pictures.  Besides  these,  thero  are 
several  good  private  galleries.  There  arc  also  a  museum 
of  natural  science,  a  museum  of  antiquities,  and  a  numis- 
matic museum,  containing  150,000  coins  and  medals.  The 
national  library,  founded  by  Philip  V.,  is  in  the  same  build- 
ing with  the  museum  of  antiquities;  it  contains  130,000 
volumes,  and  is  open  to  the  publie  daily.  The  library  of 
San  Isidro  consists  of  66,000  volumes. 

The  University  of  Madrid,  which  arose  out  of  that  of 
Alcald  de  Ilonares,  founded  in  the  fifteenth  century,  stands 
in  the  N.W.  quarter  of  the  city.  There  are,  besides,  a  nor- 
mal school,  a  deaf  and  dumb  institution,  a  school  for  the 
blind,  a  commercial  school,  schools  for  engineers,  a  conser- 
vatory of  music,  an  academy  for  the  fine  arts,  with  a  gal- 
lery of  300  pictures,  a  veterinary  college,  an  academy  of 
medicine  and  surgery,  &c.  In  the  Buen  Iletiro  stands  the 
observatory,  constructed  in  the  form  of  an  Ionic  temple. 

The  chief  industrial  establishments  are  the  manufactories 
of  porcelain,  carpets,  tapestry,  silver-work,  buttons,  iron 
oostings  and  machinery,  coaches,  beer,  paper,  <tc. 

Madrid  occupies  the  site  of  the  ancient  Mantua  Carpeta- 
norum,  called  Majoritium  in  the  Middle  Ages.  Its  impor- 
tance commenced  in  1563,  when  it  was  made  the  capital  of 
Spain  by  Philip  II.  Madrid  was  hold  by  the  French  from 
1808  to  1812,  and  here  Napoleon  placed  his  brother  Joseph 
on  the  throne  of  Spain.  It  was  the  birthplace  of  many 
kings  of  Spain,  and  many  eminent  men,  among  whom  are 
Alonzo  de  Ercilla,  Lopez  de  Vega,  Calderon  de  la  Barca, 
Nunez,  and  the  brothers  Velasquez.     Pop.  in  1887,  472,228. 

Adj.  and  inhab.  Madhilenian,  mad-re-lee'ne-9,n  (Sp. 

MadrilejSo,  m4d-re-ldn'yo). 

Madrid^a  metropolitan  province  of  Spain,  forming  one 
of  the  five  provinces  into  which  New  Castile  is  divided. 
Area,  2997  square  miles.     Capital,  Madrid.     Pop.  484,541. 

Mad'ridf  a  post-township  of  Franklin  co.,  Me.,  about 
56  miles  N.W.  of  Augusta.     Pop.  394. 

Madrid,  formerly  Colnmbia  Village,  a  post-village 
in  Madrid  township,  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Grass  River, 
1  mile  N.  of  Madrid  Station  of  the  Ogdensburg  &  Lake 
Champlain  Railroad,  and  17  miles  £.  of  Ogdensburg.  It 
has  a  graded  school,  5  churches,  and  a  woollen-factory.  The 
river  here  affords  water-power.  Pop.  in  1880,  761 ;  in  1890, 
605;  of  the  townehip,  1969. 

Aladridejos,  mid-re-od'Hoce,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  40  miles  S.E.  of  Toledo.  Pop.  6828.  It  stands 
ia  an  extensive  plain,  and  is  ancient  and  well  built. 


Madrid  Springs,  a  post-village  of  St.  Lawrenee  or. 
N.Y.,  in  Madrid  township,  on  the  Central  Vermont  Rail' 
road,  17  miles  E.  of  Ogdensburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Madrif^al,  mld-re-gill',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  anii 
35  miles  N.N.W.  of  Avila.  Pop.  2300.  It  is  momortbit 
as  the  birthplace  of  Isabella  of  Castile. 

Madrigalejo,  m&d-re-gi-li'iio,  a  village  of  Spain,  io 
Estromadura,  on  the  Ruccas,  60  miles  E.  of  liadajos. 

Madrigucras,  mid-re-g4'ris,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New 
Castile,  24  miles  S.  of  Albaccte.     Pop.  1859. 

Madrilenian  and  Madrilciio.    See  MAnnin. 

Mad  Kivcr,  California,  rises  in  Trinity  co.,  runs  north, 
westward  through  Humboldt  co.,  and  enters  the  Paoiflc 
Ocean  about  12  miles  N.  of  Eureka.     It  is  100  miles  lung. 

Mad  Kiver,  Now  Hampshire,  a  small  stream  in  Orafloa 
00.,  runs  south  westward,  and  enters  the  Pemigcwasset  Rivw 
about  6  miles  above  Plymouth. 

Mad  Kivcr,  Ohio,  rises  in  Logan  co.,  and  runs  south* 
ward  through  Champaign  co.  to  Snringlield.  Below  tbii 
place  it  runs  southwestward,  touches  the  N.W.  part  of 
Greene  co.,  and  enters  the  Miami  River  at  Dayton.  Lengtb, 
about  100  miles. 

Mad  River,  Vermont,  rises  in  the  Green  Mountains, 
runs  nearly  northeastward  in  Washington  co.,  and  enten 
the  Winooski  River  about  7  miles  below  Montpelier. 

Mad  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal., on 
Mad  River,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Eureka.  It  is  surrounded  by 
mountains  and  forests  of  redwood  trees  of  great  size. 

Mad  River,  a  township  of  Champaign  co.,  0.  P.  1803. 

Mad  River,  a  township  of  Clark  co.,  0.  Pop.  1873. 
It  contains  Enon. 

Mad  River,  a  township  of  Montgomery  CO.,  0.  P.  1867. 

Mad  River  Mills,  Ontario.    See  SiNGnAMi>To.x. 

Madrone,  m&-dro'ni,  a  station  on  the  Southern  Paeifio 
Railroad,  19  miles  S.S.E.  of  San  Jos6,  Cal. 

Madro&era,  mild-r6n-yi'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  proTine« 
and  32  miles  E.  of  Caceres.     Pop.  2731. 

Madura,  mi-doo'ro,  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
immediately  N.E.  of  Java,  with  which  it  is  included  under 
the  Dutch  government.  Lat.  7°  S. ;  Ion.  113°  E.  Area, 
estimated  at  2300  square  miles.  I^  is  inferior  in  fertility, 
and  barely  supports  its  population.  Principal  seaports, 
Bankalan,  Sumanap,  and  Pamakassan.  Pop.,  including  Bo- 
wian,  763,724.  The  Sthait  op  Madura,  a  narrow  channel, 
separates  the  island  of  Madura,  at  its  W.  end,  from  Java. 

Madura,  mi-doo'ri  (anc.  Modura),  a  fortified  city  of 
India,  capital  of  a  district  of  its  own  name,  270  miles  S.W. 
of  Madras.  It  is  enclosed  by  old  bastioned  stone  walls;  iti 
streets  are  wide  and  regular,  and  public  edifices  magnificent 
Here  are  some  of  the  most  remarkable  Hindoo  buildings  in 
India,  comprising  a  large  paloce,  a  temple  with  pyramidal 
towers,  and  a  choultry  or  inn  312  feet  in  length,  with  fine 
columns  and  grotesque  sculptures.  The  town  has  several 
Protestant  churclies.    Pop.  in  1881,  73,807;  in  1S9I,  87,420. 

Madura  and  Dindigul,  din'de-giir,  a  district  in  tbe 
extreme  S.  of  India,  Madras  presidency,  bounded  S.E.  by 
the  Gulf  of  Manoar.  Area,  9502  square  miles.  It  includM 
extensive  marshes.     Capital,  Madura.     Pop.  2,200,615. 

Madwa,  a  town  of  Bengal,  Boglipoor  district.    V.  4691. 

MiXander,  a  river  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Mexdku. 

Milhren,  the  German  name  of  Moravia. 

Msclar,  Miliar,  mi'lar,  or  Maelarcn,  m&'Iar-^n,  a» 
extensive  lake  of  Sweden,  stretching  inland  from  the  Baltic 
for  about  70  miles.  Breadth,  from  2  to  23  miles;  it  OOB- 
tains  1300  islands.  It  has  deep  and  clear  water,  and  ot-itl 
W.  end  receives  the  river  Arboga,  by  which,  and  by  a  canal, 
it  is  connected  southward  with  Lake  Iljcluiar.  Stockholm 
is  situated  on  both  sides  of  the  strait  connecting  it  with  tbe 
Baltic. 

Maella,  mi-Sl'yi,  or  Maellas,  mi-dl'yis,  a  town  of 
Spain,  Aragon,  68  miles  S.E.  of  Saragossa.     Pop.  3171. 

Maelstrom,  or  Miilstrdni,  mEl'striim  (this  is  fre- 
quently pronounced  mil'strura,  which  accords  with  tbo 
Dutch  sound  of  ae ;  but  a  or  ae,  in  Swedish  or  Norwrgian, 
sounds  like  4),  a  whirlpool  off  the  N.W.  cOiOSt  of  Norway, 
immediately  S.AV.  of  Moskenasscie,  the  most  S.  of  the  Loffo- 
den  Isles.  Lat.  67°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  12°  E.  It  prescuU  tb« 
appearance  of  a  r.apid  current,  which  runs  alternately  • 
hours  from  N.  to  S.  and  6  hours  from  S.  to  N.,  produoiDg 
immense  whirls.  The  depth  of  the  water  around,  suppoaed 
at  one  time  to  be  too  great  to  admit  of  soundings,  has  been 
ascertained  not  to  exceed  20  fathoms,  with  a  bottom  of  rocki 
and  white  sand.  The  whirlpool  is  greatest  at  high  or  kw 
water,  and  when  the  wind  is  N.W.  and  opposed  to  the  reinx 
of  the  waves  it  attains  its  greatest  fury  and  becomes  ex- 
tremely dangerous;  but  in  ordinary  circumstances  it  may 
be  traversed  without  apprehension. 


MAE 


1733 


MAO 


Urcnus,  or  Mjenis,  Germany.    See  Main. 

ttnerke-Kerkhem,  luar'kQ-kftrk'iidm,  a  village  of 

Igium,  in  Knst  Flanders,  on  the  Macrke,  15  miles  S.  of 

ent.     Pop.  1S44. 

ttaescar,  inia'kar,  a  hamlet  of  South  AVales,  co.  and 

iiilcs  W.  of  Brecon.     Pop.  625. 

Maese,  or  Maas,  a  river  of  Europe.    See  Meusb. 

{iilicsia  Inferior,  the  ancient  name  of  Bulgaria. 

Elixsia  Superior,  an  ancient  name  of  Seiivia. 
laestricht,  mis'trikt  (Dutch,  Maastricht,  mils'triKt; 
(|r.  M'dntricht,  mis'triKt;  anc.  Trajcc'tam  ad  Mu'sam, 
\xjec'Uim  Supe'riun),  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  capital  of 
ft  province  of  Limburg,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Meuse, 
<|K)sito  the  suburb  of  Wyk  (Wijk),  at  a  railway  junction, 
(f  the  Belgian  frontier,  56  miles  E.  of  Brussels,  and  52 
jpes  W.  by  S.  of  Cologne.  Lat.  50°  51'  7"  N. ;  Ion.  5°  41' 
ij  E.  It  is  one  of  the  strongest  fortresses  in  Europe,  and, 
opening  sluices,  can  place  the  surrounding  district  all 
ler  water;  but  its  ramparts  are  to  be  destroyed.  The 
eworthy  buildings  are  the  town  hall  (stadhuia),  the 
rts  and  general  prison,  the  commandant's  house,  and  the 
(fsonal.  Maostricbt  has  several  barracks,  a  military  and 
oral  other  hospitals,  4  Roman  Catholic  and  2  Protestant 
(lurches,  a  synagogue,  and  an  athonajum,  in  which  Latin, 
(icek,  German,  Dutch,  and  other  branches  of  education  are 
liight :  it  formerly  had  numerous  monasteries  and  nun- 
riries.  It  carries  on  an  active  transit  trade  with  Belgium, 
iid  has  manufactures  of  glass  and  earthenware,  pipes,  flrc- 
lins,  paper-hangings,  shot,  cloth,  pins,  sugar,  and  seal- 
:^-wax ;  also  iron-foundries,  distilleries,  and  breweries, 
jiiestrioht  was  besieged  in  1579  by  the  Spaniards,  under 
ie  Duke  of  Parma,  and  8000  of  its  inhabitants  were  mas- 
^rcd;  in  1673  it  Avas  taken  by  Louis  XIV.,  and  again 
\  the  French  in  1748  and  1794.  The  town  is  especially 
:;ted  for  its  immense  quarries,  forming  a  labyrinth  12 
^es  long  and  7  miles  broad.  Pop.  29,578. 
JMaesyck,  a  town  of  Belgium.  See  Maaseyck. 
jMaeter,  mi't^r,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanders, 
:i  miles  S.  of  (ihent.     Pop.  2894. 

Maeystown,  maz'town,  a  post-oflBce  of  Monroe  co.,  111. 
Walfersdorf,  mlPf^rs-donr,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  on 
to  Neisse,  57  miles  N.N.E.  of  Prague.  Pop.  2226. 
JMafia  Island,  Africa.  See  Mon'fia  Island. 
jniafra,  mi'fri,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Estremadura, 
mr  the  Atlantic,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Lisbon.  It  is  cele- 
kted  for  its  vast  and  magnificent  pile  of  buildings,  erected 
it  John  V.  in  1717,  in  imitation  of  the  Escurial  of  Spain. 
lis  in  the  form  of  a  quadrangle,  measuring  700  feet  by 
(|[)  feet,  and  includes  a  magnificent  church,  a  royal  palace, 
iteollege  with  a  library  of  about  50,000  volumes,  and  a 
wnastery.     Pop.  3337. 

lMagacela,m3,-g3,-th.\'li,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estrema- 
(|ra,  55  miles  E.S.E.  of  Badajos.  Pop.  1305. 
tiMagadino,  mft,-gi-dee'no,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
inton  of  Ticino,  on  Lago  Maggiore,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
'fcino,  5i  miles  S.W.  of  Bellinzona.  Pop.  667. 
Iftlagadoxo,  mag-a-dox'o  (Port.  pron.  mi-gd-do'sho), 
•jitten  also  Magadoxa,  Mukdeesha,  miik-dee'shJ,, 
id  Makadishu,  mi-ki-dee'shoo,  a  maritime  town  of 
i^t  Africa,  subject  to  Zanzibar,  and  the  chief  commercial 
iitrepot  between  Cape  Guardafui  and  the  river  Juba,  on  the 
jdian  Ocean,  in  lat.  2°  2'  N.,  Ion.  45°  25'  E.  Po]).,  with 
iburbs,  4000.  The  town  is  enclosed  by  stone  walls,  and 
'jrided  into  two  parts,  one  composed  wholly  of  tombs,  the 
•!jer  comprising  about  150  stone  and  many  wooden  houses, 
:imosque,  and  several  minarets  of  Arabian  architecture. 
ie  exports  are  sesame,  ivory,  gums,  and  some  peculiar 
Mhs:  principal  imports,  sugar,  dates,  salt  fish,  and  arms. 
'Magaguadavic,  m3,'giV-gwi-d4-vcek',  a  river  of  New 
funswick,  falls  into  Passamaquoddy  Bay  4  miles  below 
Ie  town  of  St.  George.  It  is  about  100  miles  in  length. 
Id  affords  great  water-power  to  a  large  number  of  mills, 
nich  manufacture  immense  quantities  of  lumber. 
Magalhaens,  Strait  of.  See  Magellan. 
'Magalia,  ma-gail'ya,  a  post-village  of  Butte  co.,  Cal., 
[out  56  miles  N.  of  Marysville.  It  has  a  church,  several 
wiber-mills,  and  gold-mines. 

tMagallanes,  mi-gi-ya'nSs,  a  territory  of  Chili 
llaiincd  also  by  the  Argentine  llepublic),  on  both  sides  of 
'o  Strait  of  Magellan.     It  is  of  indefinite  extent.     The 

imato  is  cold,  but  not  severe.     Coal  is  the  principal  ex- 
rt.    Timber  abounds,  and  the  soil  is  good.     Potatoes  are 
eprincipal  crop.     Capital,  Punta  Arenas.     Pop.  1144. 
Magallon,  mi-gai-yon',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Aragon, 
'  miles  W.N.W.  of  Saragossa.     Pop.  2580. 
IMagalloway  River.    See  Maroallaway  River. 
Maganetawan,  mi*gl-nit-^-win',  a   river    of  On- 


tario, rises  about  lat.  45°  30'  N.,  Ion.  79°  W.,  and  falls  into 
Georgian  Bay  through  Byng  Inlet.     Length,  100  miles. 

Magazine,  mdg-a-zeen',  a  post-village  of  Logan  co., 
Ark.,  near  the  Magazine  Mountain. 

Mag'daia,  a  hill-fort  of  Abvssinia,  on  the  plateau  of 
Talanta,  lat.  11°  20'  N.,  Ion.  39°  10'  E.  Stormed  and  totally 
destroyed  by  the  British,  April  13, 1868.    Altitude,  9110  feet. 

Magdnia,  mag'da-Ia  (Arab.  El  Mejdel,  h\  mSj'del ;  He- 
brew, Miij'dal),  a  village  of  Palestine,  on  the  W.  side  of  the 
Lake  of  Tiberias. 

Magdalen,  mag'da-l§n  (Channel  or  Sound),  Terra  del 
Fuogo,  is  a  branch  of  the  Strait  of  Magellan,  between  Clar- 
ence and  Dawson  Islands.  Off  its  S.E.  coast  is  Mount  Sar- 
miento,  6800  feet  in  height. 

Magdalena,  mdg-di-li'nS,,  a  small  island  in  the  Medi- 
terranean, off  the  N.E.  coast  of  Sardinia.  Lat.  41°  13'  4" 
N. ;  Ion.  9°  24'  E. 

Magdalena,  a  bay  of  Lower  California,  in  which  la 
the  island  of  Santa  Margarita. 

Magdalena,  mag-da-lee'na  or  mig-di-li'ni  (Fr.  and 
native  name,  Fatuhiva,  fi-too-hee'vi),  the  most  southern 
of  the  Marquesas  Islands,  Pacific  Ocean.  It  has  a  harbor 
on  its  S.  side.     Pop.  about  300. 

Magdale'na,  an  island  of  Senegambia,  near  the  coast, 
S.  of  Cape  Verd. 

Magdalena,  mag-da-lee'na  (Sp.  pron.  mig-dd-l4'n3,), 
the  principal  river  in  the  repuMic  of  Colombia,  rises  at 
the  frontier  of  Ecuador,  lat.  2°  N.,  Ion.  76°  W.,  flows  N., 
and  enters  the  Caribbean  Sea  in  lat.  11°  N.,  Ion.  75°  W. 
Total  course,  estimated  at  900  miles.  Principal  tributaries, 
the  Cauca  and  the  Galinazo.  Above  Mompo.x  it  divides,  to 
enclose  the  island  of  Morales,  40  miles  in  length.  Its  cur- 
rent is  very  rapid,  and  its  navigation  difiRcult ;  but  it  is 
still  the  main  route  of  communication  between  the  interior 
of  Colombia  and  the  sea. 

Magdalena,  called  also  the  Ubahy,  oo-bi-hee', 
Branco,  brJn'ko,  and  San  Miguel,  sAn  me-ghfil',  a 
large  river  of  Bolivia.  In  its  earlier  course  it  is  called  the 
Chiquitos;  it  issues  from  Lake  Ubahy,  lat.  18°  20'  S.,  and 
flows  N.N.W.  to  about  lat.  16°  S.,  when  it  assumes  one  or 
other  of  the  names  above  quoted,  and  ultimately  falls  into 
the  Guapore,  in  lat.  12°  20'  S.,  Ion.  65°  5'  W.  Its  entire 
length,  including  the  Chiquitos,  is  upwards  of  500  miles. 

Magdalena,  a  lake  of  Bolivia,  lat.  14°  5'  S.,  Ion.  64" 
25'  W.,  about  12  miles  long  and  5  miles  broad. 

Magdalena,  m3.g-u&-l^'n&,  a  cavern  in  Carinthia, 
Austria- Hungary,  3  miles  from  the  cavern  of  Adelsberg. 

Magdalena,  a  small  town  or  village  of  Bolivia,  on  the 
Magdalena.     Lat.  13°  51'  S. ;  Ion.  61°  31'  W. 

Magdalena,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Sonora,  on  a 
branch  of  Sonora  River.  The  stationary  population  is  about 
1500  ;  but  at  the  festival  of  San  Francisco  it  is  increased  to 
10,000  or  12,000. 

Magdalena,  the  most  northern  department  of  the  re- 
public of  Colombia,  having  N.  the  Caribbean  Sea.  Esti- 
mated area,  30,000  square  miles.  Pop.  90,000.  Surface 
very  diversified,  two  Cordilleras  of  the  Andes  covering  its 
S.  and  E.  portions.     Capital,  Santa  Marta. 

Mag'dalen  Island.s,  a  group  near  the  centre  of  the 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  54  miles  N.W.  of  Cape  Breton,  and 
100  miles  W.S.W.  of  the  nearest  point  of  Newfoundland. 
Coffin's  Island,  the  largest  of  the  group,  is  25  miles  long, 
but  very  narrow.  Amherst  Island  is  nearly  6  miles  in 
length  and  3i  miles  in  width,  and  contains  the  best  harbor 
in  the  chain.  Gypsum  is  found  in  the  hollows  and  basina 
of  the  island,  and  occasionally  in  veins.  This  mineral  forms 
an  important  article  of  export.  The  principal  dependence 
of  the  inhabitants  is  upon  the  cod-,  lobster-,  herring-,  and 
seal-fishing.  The  Magdalen  Islands  are  under  the  juris- 
diction of  the  Canadian  government,  and  belong  to  the  dis- 
trict of  Gaspe.  They  were  granted  by  the  British  govern- 
ment to  Admiral  Sir  Isaac  Coffin,  and  by  him  were  be 
queathcd  in  strict  entail  to  his  heirs.  There  is  a  custom- 
house on  Amherst  Island.     Pop.  3172. 

Magdeburg,  mag'do-burg  (Ger.  pron.  mio'd^h-booRG'  ; 
Fr.  Muijdebimrg,  mig'd^h-booii' ;  L.  Magdehur' gtim),  a  town 
of  Prussia,  capital  of  a  government,  and  of  the  province  of 
Saxony,  on  the  Elbe,  76  miles  W.S.W.  of  Berlin,  at  an  im- 
portant railway  junction.  It  ranks  as  a  fortress  of  the  first 
class,  and  is  regarded  as  one  of  the  strongest  places  in 
Europe.  The  Elbe  here  forms  several  branches,  and  di 
vides  the  town  into  three  parts, — the  town  proper,  which, 
on  the  land  side,  is  regularly  fortified,  and,  towards  the 
river,  defended  by  Forts  Sternschanze  and  Scharnhorst; 
the  Werder,  with  its  citadel ;  and  Frederickstadt,  likewise 
strongly  fortified.  The  chief  suburbs  are  Neustadt-Magde- 
burg,  on  the  N.  (pop.  87,925),  and  Buckau,  on  the  S.  (pop 


MAO 


1734 


MAO 


10,771).  The  houses  ar«  for  the  most  part  large  and  hand- 
some, but  a  great  number  of  the  streets  are  narrow.  The 
principal  squares  are  the  Now  Marlcot,  or  Domplatz,  and 
tho  Old  Muritct,  which  is  deoorntod  with  an  equestrian 
statue  of  the  Emporor  Otho,  erected  in  073.  A  fine  walk 
is  furnished  by  the  Filrstenwall,  a  woll-plantcd  terrace  or 
parade-ground,  along  the  margin  of  the  Elbe.  The  build- 
ings most  deserving  of  notice  are  the  Domkirche,  or  cathe- 
dral, one  of  the  noblest  Gothic  structures  of  Northern  Ger- 
many, eroctod  in  the  thirteenth  and  fourteenth  centuries; 
St.  Sebastian's  church,  in  which  is  the  grave  of  Otto  Gue- 
ricko,  the  inventor  of  the  air-pump ;  and  the  Marien,  or 
Koman  Catholic  church,  older  oron  than  tho  cathedral. 
Magdeburg  possesses  numerous  benevolent  institutions  and 
educational  establishments,  hospitals,  and  orphan  asylums, 
a  gymnasium,  padago^ium,  normal  seminary,  m6dical,  in- 
dustrial, and  several  other  schools,  institution  for  tho  deaf 
and  dumb,  &o.  The  manufactures  consist  principally  of 
woollen,  linen,  and  cotton  cloth,  silk  ribbons,  leather, 
gloves,  soap,  and  candles.  There  are  also  several  beet- 
sugar-  and  chiccory-factorics,  breweries,  distilleries,  and 
oil-works.  Tho  trade  is  extensive,  and  derives  great  facili- 
ties from  tho  position  of  the  town  on  the  Elbe,  tho  canal 
connecting  this  river  with  the  Ilavcl,  and  tho  railroads 
communicating  with  Loipsic,  Hallo,  Berlin,  and  Hamburg. 
The  principal  articles  are  corn,  wood,  coals,  wine,  and  colo- 
nial produce.  Magdeburg  is  mentioned  in  tho  records  of 
the  eighth  century.  It  early  distinguished  itself  in  tho 
Heformation,  and  long  exerted  a  powerful  influence  in  its 
favor.  In  1631  it  was  taken  by  storm  and  given  up  to 
indiscriminate  massacre  by  Tilly.  The  most  horrible  atro- 
cities were  committed:  above  20,000  people  were  murdered, 
and  the  greater  part  of  the  town  was  laid  in  ashes.  It  was 
taken  by  the  French  in  1806  and  annexed  to  the  kingdom 
of  Westphalia.  Pop.  in  1816,  34.808;  in  1875,  with  sub- 
urbs, 122,789;  in  1885,  159,520;  in  1890,  202,234. 

Magdeburg,  a  government  of  Prussian  Saxony,  is 
bounded  N.  by  Brandenburg  and  llanover.  Area,  4441 
square  miles.     Pop.  937,305. 

Magdunum,  the  Latin  name  of  Mecng. 

Mag§,  m&-zh&',  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  16  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Rio  Janeiro,  on  the  river  Mage,  near  its  mouth 
in  the  Bay  of  Rio. 

Magec's,  m^-gheez',  a  station  in  Warren  co..  Pa.,  on 
tho  Pittsburg,  Titusvillo  <t  Warren  Railroad,  4  miles  N.E. 
of  Tidioute,  and  39  miles  from  Oil  City. 

Magee's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Seneca  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Tyre  township,  4i  miles  N.E.  of  Waterloo.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Magelang,  m&^ga-ling',  a  town  of  Java,  capital  of  the 
province  of  Kadoe,  40  miles  S.AV.  of  Samarang,  1377  feet 
above  sea-lcvcl.     Pop.  34,000. 

Magellan,  mi-jel'lan  (Sp.  pron.  mS,-H51-yln'),  or  Ma- 
gnihacns  (m&-gjll-yil'dns).  Strait  of,  divides  the  conti- 
nent of  South  America  from  the  islands  of  Terra  del  Fuego : 
the  E.  entrance  is  formed  by  Capo  Virgin,  on  tho  mainland, 
and  by  Cape  Espiritu  Santo  (Queen  Catherine's  Foreland), 
en  one  of  the  largest  islands  composing  Terra  del  Fuego, 
extending  between  lat.  52°  10'  and  55°  S.  and  Ion.  68°  20' 
and  75'  W.  It  is  upwards  of  300  miles  long,  and  is  of  difli- 
cult  navigation.  The  tides  in  the  strait  roach  an  elevation 
of  about  50  feet,  tho  highest  point  they  attain  on  the  Pata- 
gonian  coast.  The  strait  was  discovered  in  1520  by  Ma- 
galhaens,  the  great  Portuguese  navigator,  then  in  the  service 
of  Spain,  and  called,  in  honor  of  hiui,  the  Strait  of  Magal- 
hacns.     Tho  Spaniards  changed  the  namo  to  Magellan. 

Magenta,  mi-jdn'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  15  miles  by  rail 
W.  of  Milan.  A  great  battle  was  fought  hero  between  the 
Austrians  and  the  allied  French  and  Sardinian  army,  June 
4,  1859;  the  allies  were  victorious.     Pop.  6135. 

Mageroe,  mag'?r-o  or  mi'gh^r-o'fn,  an  island  of  the 
Arctic  Ocean,  belonging  to  Norway,  terminating  N.  by  the 
North  Cape,  in  lat.  71°  10'  N.,  Ion.  25°  50'  E.  It  is  inhab- 
ited by  a  few  Norwegian  and  Lappish  families, 

Maggeri,  mig'g9-ree\  or  Mangry,  ming'gree,  a  town 
of  India,  in  Mysore,  22  miles  W.  of  Bangalore.  It  has 
some  iron-works,  iron  ore  abounding  in  its  vicinity. 

Maggiore,  Lake,  Italy.    See  Lago  Maggiorb. 

Maghcra,  miii'?r-a,  a  town  of  Ireland,  eo.  of  London- 
derry, 20  miles  S.  of  Co'leraine.     Pop.  1213. 

Magh^erafelt',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Londonderry, 
26  miles  S.  of  Coleraine.     Pop.  1401. 

Magherno,  m&-ghdR'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  4  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Pa  via.     Pop.  1503. 

Magheross,  Ireland.    See  Carrickmacross. 

Maghiana,  m&-ghee-&n'a,  a  town  of  India,  district  and 
a  few  miles  S.  of  Jung.     Pop.  10,854. 


Maghil,  Makil,  or  Maakii,  m^-Keel',  a  town  ut 
Asiatic  Turkey,  on  the  Shat-cl-Arab,  4  miles  above  Biu. 
sorah.  It  has  wharves  and  English-built  warohuusos,  and 
takes  much  of  tho  former  trade  of  Bassorah. 

Magliistan,  a  region  of  Persia.    Sco  Ivkhuan. 

Mugli,  Linn,  a  town  of  Scotland.    Sco  Malx-hlink. 

Maghribee,  m&g're-bee\  a  town  of  Sinde,  in  tho  dell<i, 
on  a  navigable  arm  of  the  Indus,  42  miles  S.S.E.  of  Tatta. 
Pop.  5000. 

Magila,  a  town,  mission-station,  and  district  of  East 
Africa.     Lat.  5°  9'  S. ;  Ion.  38°  48'  E. 

Magindanao,  Philippines.    See  Mindaxao. 

Magionc,  m&-j&'n4,  a  town  of  Central  Italy,  8  milti 
W.N.W.  of  Porugia.     Pop.  6851. 

Magist^re,  La,  a  town  of  Franco.    See  La  MAGiST&nr, 

Maglans,or  Magland,  niVgl&i<<>'  (L.  Miilia'numFnl. 
cimen'aiumf),  a  village  of  Savoy,  on  tho  Arvo,  11  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Bonneville.     Pop.  1645. 

Magliano,  mill-yjl'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  on  or  near 
the  Tiber,  20  miles  W.  of  Rieti.     Pop.  2581. 

Magliano,  a  village  of  Italy,  Naples,  provinot  of 
Aquila,  district  of  Avezzano.     Pop.  3923. 

Magliano  di  Mondovi,  m&.l-y&'no  dec  mon-do-vee', 
a  village  of  Italy,  Piedmont,  province  and  5  miles  N.W.  of 
Mondovi.     Pop.  2491. 

Magliano  Grande,  mM-y&'no  gr&n'dA,  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  and  36  miles  S.E.  of  Salerno.    Pop.  1077. 

Maglie,  mill'yo-i,  a  city  of  Italy,  province  of  Locoo,  19 
miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Gallipoli.     Pop.  5737. 

Maglod,  mflg-lod',  a  village  of  Hungary,  12  miles  from 
Pesth.     Pop.  1244. 

Magna>CavalIo,  min'y&-k4-v4rio,  a  Tillage  of  Italy; 
E.S.E.  of  Mantua.     Pop.  2127. 

Magnac- Laval,  min^yik'-llVM',  a  town  of  Franco, 
in  Haute-Vienno,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Bellac.     Pop.  1304. 

Magnac  Le  Bourg,  m2ln'y&k'  l^h  boon,  a  town  of  i 
France,  in  Hauto-Vienne,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Saint-Yrieix. 

Magnago,  m4n-y4'go,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,! 
province  and  W.  of  Milan.     Pop.  1080. 

Magnano,  m4n-y4'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  9  miles  S.  of  i 
Biella.     Pop.  1697. 

Magnavacca,  min*yi-v8,k'kl,  a  village  and  seaport 
of  Italj',  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Ferrara,  at  tho  mouth  of  the 
canal,  on  the  Adriatic. 

Magn6,  min^yi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Doux-Sivres^  i 
miles  W.  of  Niort.     Pop.  1335. 

Magnesia  ad  Sipylum.    See  Maxegsa. 

Mag'ness  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Do  Kalb  co.,  Tcnn., 
17  miles  from  McMinnville.    It  has  a  church  and  grist-mill. 

Magnct'ical  Island,  an  island  off  tho  E.  coast  of 
Australia,  in  Halifax  Bay.    Lat.  19°  8'  S. ;  Ion.  140°  45'  B. 

Magnct'ical  Island,  an  island  on  the  S.  coast  of 
Guatemala.     Lat.  8°  4'  6"  N.;  Ion.  81°  47'  W. 

Magnisi,  min-yce'see,  a  promontory  on  the  E.  coast 
of  Sicily  (harbor  of  Agosta),  6  miles  N.  of  Syracuse. 

MagnoMia,  a  po?t-office  or  hamlet  of  Marengo  co., 
Ala.,  about  45  miles  W.S.W.  of  Selraa. 

Magnolia,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Columbia  oo., 
Ark.,  about  38  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Camden.  It  has 
several  churches,  a  private  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  and 
numerous  stores.     Pop.  in  1890,  1486. 

Magnolia,  a  post-office  of  Boulder  co..  Col. 

Magnolia,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co..  Del.,  about  50 
miles  S.  of  Wilmington,  and  3  or  4  miles  from  Delaware 
Bay.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  brick-yard. 

Magnolia,  a  station  on  the  Macon  &  Brunswick  Mi- 
road,  about  35  miles  S.S.E.  of  Macon,  Ga. 

Magnolia,  a  post-village  in  Magnolia  township,  Put- 
nam CO.,  III.,  about  26  miles  S.W.  of  Ottawa,  and  4U  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Peoria.  It  has  a  church  and  a  graded  school. 
Pop.  in  1890,  287;  of  the  town.ohip,  1326. 

Magnolia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  oo.,  Ind.,  about 
33  miles  W.  of  Now  Albany.     Pop.  33. 

Magnolia,  a  post- village  in  Magnolia  township,  Ilar- 
rison  co.,  Iowa,  on  Willow  Creek,  0  miles  W.  of  Logan,  and 
about  34  miles  N.  of  Council  Bluffs.  It  has  4  churches,  ft 
public  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  banking-hou.sc,  and  a 
money-order  post-oflSce.     Pop.  450  ;  of  tho  township,  939. 

Magnolia,  a  post-office  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kan.sas. 

Magnolia,  a  post-hamlet  of  La  Ruo  co.,  Ky.,  about 
08  miles  S.  of  Louisville.     It  has  a  church. 

Magnolia,  a  post-office  of  East  Baton  Rouge  parish, 
La.,  12  miles  E.  of  Baton  Rouge. 

Magnolia,  a  post-village  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Philadelphia,  Wilmington  <fc  B.altimore  Railroad,  19  milM 
E.N.E.  of  Baltimore,  and  nearly  2  miles  from  an  inlet  of 
Chesapeake  Bay.     It  has  several  stores. 


MAG 


1735 


MAII 


Magnolia,  a  post-ofiBce,  station,  and  summer  resort  of 
Essex  CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  sea-coast,  and  on  the  Gloucester 
Iranch  of  the  Eastern  Railroad,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Gloucester, 
t  has  5  boarding-houses  and  a  church.  Here  the  Magnolia 
lauca  grows  wild ;  and  it  is  believed  that  this  is  the  north- 
rnmost  natural  habitat  of  any  American  magnolia. 

Magnolia,  a  township  of  Rock  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  174. 

Magnolia,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pike  co.,  Miss., 
J  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad,  98  miles 
[.  of  Now  Orleans.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  5  general 
tores,  and  1  or  2  mills.     Pop.  in  189n,  676. 

Magnolia,  a  post-village  of  Duplin  co.,  N.C.,  in  Mag- 
olia  township,  on  the  Wilmington  &  Weldon  Railroad,  48 
liles  N.  of  Wilmington.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper 
Bee,  a  college,  a  seminary,  and  2  saw-mills.  Pop.  in  1890, 
80;  of  the  township,  1789. 

Magnolia,  a  post-village  of  Stark  oo.,  0.,  in  Rose 
iwnship,  on  the  Tuscarawas  Branch  Railroad,  18  miles 
'.E.  of  New  Philadelphia.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  wool- 
in-mill. 

Magnolia,  a  township  of  Abbeville  co.,  S.C.  Pop.  1790. 

Magnolia,  a  post-office  of  Sumter  co.,  S.C. 

Magnolia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nansemond  co.,  Va.,  on 
le  Seaboard  &  Roanoke  Railroad,  about  12  miles  S.W. 
'  Norfolk.     It  has  a  church. 

Magnolia,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  W.  Va. 

Magnolia,  a  post-village  of  Rock  co..  Wis.,  in  Magno- 
a  township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  27 
liles  S.  of  Madison,  and  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Janesville. 
t  has  2  churches,  a  plough-factory,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  town- 

ij),  1079. 

Magnolia  Plantation,  post-office,  Baldwin  co.,  Ala. 

Magnolia  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jasper  co.,  Tex., 
miles  N.  of  Beaumont.     It  has  2  churches. 

Magny,  mdn'yee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-et-Oise, 
[I  miles  N.  of  Mantes-sur-Seine.     Pop.  1960. 
j  Magocs,  mi'gotch',  a  village  of  Hungary,  15  miles  from 
unfkirchen.     Pop.  2421. 

jMagorfin,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Kentucky,  has 
ii  area  of  about  .300  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
icking  River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  mostly  covered 
ith  forests.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  Indian 
rn,  grass,  and  live-stock  are  the  staple  products.  This 
unty  is  a  part  of  the  coal-field  of  Kentucky.  Capital, 
.lyersville,  situated  on  the  Licking  River.     Pop.  in  1870, 

84;  in  1880,  6944;  in  1890,  9196. 

Ma'gog,  a  famous  fishing-stream  of  Quebec,  flows  from 
iko  Memphremagog,  and,  after  a  rapid  course  of  17  miles, 
lins  the  St.  Francis  at  Sherbrooke. 

3Iagog,  a  post-village  in  Stanstcad  co.,  Quebec,  at  the 

,  end  of  Lake  Memphremagog,  21  miles  E.S.E.  of  Water- 
b.     It  has  good  water-power,  2  saw-mills,  a  grist-mill, 
fv'eral  stores,  2  hotels,  2  churches,  <fec.     Pop.  600. 
iMagog  Lake,  a  beautiful  lake  on  the  above  river,  half- 
^y  between  its  source  and  its  discharge,  about  9  miles  long 

.3  miles  wide.     It  contains  an  abundance  of  fish. 

Magoo,  mi'goo',  or  Makoo,  md'koo',  a  town  of  Per- 

i,  province  of   Azerbaijan,   56  miles  N.N.W.  of  Khoi. 

2re  is  a  remarkable  cavern,  and  the  river  Magoo  is  crossed 

a  natural  bridge  of  lava. 

Ma'goon',  a  post-hamlet  of  Lafayette  co.,  Wis.,  9  miles 

E.  of  Darlington.     It  has  a  church. 

Magoon's   Point,   a  post-village   in  Stanstcad  eo., 

lebec,  on  Lake  Memphremagog,  5i  miles  S.  of  George- 

Ic.     Pop.  180. 

Mag'pie,  a  large  and  rapid  river  of  the  county  of 

:,'uenay,  Quebec,  rises  near  the  source  of  the  East  Branch 

the  Moisic,  and  empties  itself  into  the  N.  shore  of  the 

ilf  of  St.  Lawrence,  6  miles  AV.  of  the  mouth  of  the  river 
John.     It  is  a  fine  salmon-stream. 

>Iagra,  mi'grd  (anc.  Ma'cra),  a  river  of  North   Italy, 

er  a  S.  course  of  35  miles,  enters  the  Gulf  of  Genoa  2 

les  E.  of  the  Gulf  of  Spezia. 

Magru'dcr's,  a  station  in  Prince  George's  co.,  Md.,  on 
«  Baltimore  &  Potomac  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Wash- 
kton,  D.C. 

jMagstadt,  mlc'stUtt,  a  town  of  AVurtemberg,  11  miles 

S.W.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  2106. 

Magiielonne,mi^gheh-lonn',an  islet,  or  rather  a  pen- 

•ula,  of  France,  in  Ilerault,  above  1  mile  long,  and  about 

niles  from  Montpollier.  It  once  was  the  site  of  a  town 
'  some  celebrity  in  the  history  of  Languedoc. 

Maguelonne,  a  lagoon  of  France,  department  of  H6- 

ilt,  4  miles  S.  of  Montpollier.     Length,  17  miles. 

Maguire's  (ma-gwirz')  Bridge,  a  town  of  Ireland, 
'  of  Fermanagh,  on  Colebrook  River,  7  miles  S.E.  of  En- 

:  ikillen.    Pop.  679. 


Maguire's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
Ark.,  45  miles  N.  of  Alma  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mag'we,  a  town  of  Burmah,  on  the  left  side  of  the  Irra- 
waddy,  35  miles  above  Prome.     Pop.  8000. 

Magyar  Benye,  mSd'ySn'  bSn^yi',  or  Bendorf, 
bSn'donf,  a  village  of  Transylvania,  about  6  miles  S.  of 
Medgyes.     Pop.  1120. 

Magyar  Orszag,  Europe.    See  Hungary. 

Magyaros,  mod'yOr^osh',  or  Nussbach,  r.oos'biK,  a 
village  of  Transylvania,  27  miles  from  Kronstadt,  on  the 
Aloota.     Pop.  1500. 

Magyar  Ovar,  a  village  of  Hungary.    See  ALTENBuno. 

Mahabalipooram,  mi-hi-bi'le-poo-rim',  a  town  of 
British  India,  35  miles  S.  of  Madras,  on  the  Carnatic  coast. 
Near  it  are  remarkable  Hindoo  temples  and  excavations. 

MahablesliAVur  (mA-hi-blish-wur')  Hills,  a  conva- 
lescent station  of  British  India,  80  miles  S.E.  of  Bombay, 
in  the  ghauts  of  the  Concan.  Lat.  17°  56'  N. ;  Ion.  73°  30' 
W.  The  village  here  consists  of  about  70  dwellings,  with  a 
sanatarium  having  8  sets  of  quarters,  a  church,  a  prison, 
and  a  library. 

Mahadeo,  mi-hi-dA'o,  a  famous  Hindoo  temple  of 
British  India,  60  miles  S.E.  of  Iloshungabad. 

Mahadiah,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Meiidia. 

Mahaica,  mi-hi'kl,  a  town  of  British  Guiana  (Deme- 
rara),  22  miles  S.E.  of  Georgetown,  to  which  a  railroad  ex- 
tends.    Here  is  a  lazaretto  for  lepers,  also  a  prison. 

Mahakkan,  a  river  of  Borneo.     See  Koti. 

Mahalasville,  ma-ha'laz-vil,  a  post-hamlct  of  Morgan 
CO.,  Ind.,  about  35  miles  S.S.W.  of  Indianapolis. 

Mahamdi,  mi-h4m-dce',  a  town  of  India,  North-AVest 
Provinces,  in  Oude,  division  of  Sectapoor.     Pop.  6061. 

Ma^han',  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ala. 

Mahanan'da,  or  Mahauun'da,  a  largo  river  of 
Bengal,  rises  near  Darjeeling,  and,  after  a  generally  S.  course 
of  250  miles,  joins  the  Ganges.     It  is  extensively  navigated. 

Mahanoy,  mah'§,-noy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northumber- 
land CO.,  Pa.,  on  Mahanoy  Creek,  about  12  miles  S.  of  Sun- 
bury.  It  is  near  the  Mahanoy  <t  Shamokin  Railroad.  It 
has  a  flour-mill  and  2  hotels. 

Mahanoy,  a  township  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  is  drained 
by  Mahanoy  Creek.  It  contains  Mahanoy  City,  and  has 
rich  mines  of  anthracite.  A  ridge  called  Mahanoy  Moun- 
tain extends  along  its  N.AV.  border.     Pop.  9400. 

Mahanoy  City,  a  post-borough  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa., 
in  a  valley  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Broad  Mountain, 
13  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pottsville,  10  miles  AV.  of  Tamaqua,  and 
109  miles  N.AV.  of  Philadelphia.  It  is  on  a  branch  of  the 
Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  which  connects  here  with  a  branch 
of  the  Reading  Railroad.  It  contains  12  churches,  a 
national  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  pottery,  and  an  iron- 
foundry.  Its  prosperity  is  derived  from  operations  in  an- 
thracitecoal.    Here  are  about  20  collieries.   P.  (1890)  11,286. 

Mahanoy  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Schuylkill 
CO.,  runs  westward  through  Northumberland  co.,  and  enters 
the  Susquehanna  River  about  12  miles  below  Sunbury. 

Mahanoy  Mountain,  Pennsylvania,  a  long  ridge 
in  the  N.  part  of  Schuylkill  co.,  from  which  it  extends 
westward  into  Northumberland  co.  It  forms  the  northern 
boundary  of  the  Mahanoy  Coal  Basin,  which  is  bounded  S. 
by  Broad  Mountain.     Here  arc  rich  mines  of  anthracite. 

Mahanoy  Plane,  a  post- village  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa., 
forming  part  of  Gilberton  Borough,  on  the  Mine  Hill  A 
East  Mahanoy  Branch  of  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading  Rail- 
road, at  the  junction  of  the  Shenandoah  Branch,  20  miles 
W.N.AV.  of  Tamaqua,  and  5  miles  N.AV.  of  Mahanoy  City. 
It  is  on  Or  near  the  Mahanoy  Mountain.  Coal  is  mined 
near  this  place.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mahant'ango,  mSH-in'ton-go,  or  Moh^on'tongo,  a 
post-hamlet  of  Juniata  co..  Pa.,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Har 
risburg. 

Mahantango,  or  Mahantongo,  a  station  in  Nor- 
thumberland CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  20 
miles  S.  of  Sunbury.     It  is  on  the  Susquehanna  River. 

Mahantango  (or  Mahontongo)  Creek,  Pennsyl- 
vania, rises  in  Schuylkill  co.,  runs  nearly'  westward,  and 
enters  the  Susquehanna  River  at  the  S.AV.  extremity  of 
Northumberland  co. 

Mahantango  (or  Mahantongo)  Mountain,  Penn- 
sylvania, extends  from  the  Susquehanna  River  along  the 
northern  border  of  Dauphin  co. 

Mahanuddy,  or  Mahanadi,  m&'hll-nild'dee,  a  river 
of  India,  rises  in  Raipoor  district.  Central  Provinces,  and 
pursues  a  very  devious  course,  generally  eastward,  through 
Orissa  to  the  Bay  of  Bengal.  In  the  rainy  season  it  is  one 
of  the  largest  of  Indian  rivers.  It  has  many  mouths. 
Length,  529  miles;  catchment  basin,  45,000  square  miles. 


ilAH 


1786 


MAH 


Naha  Niiwara,  tho  Sinsaloso  name  of  Kaxdt. 

]UiiharttJC(;uiigc,  mi-hS-ri-Je-ganJ',  a  town  of  Bun- 
dolL'und,  ;i2  inilos  K.S.K.  of  Oorcbn. 

Muhan\j^iiii9;c,  or  MaharnJgaiO*  See  JnALAKATi. 

Maharuy,  iuilli'&-ra,  Mahragli,  ui&h'r&ii,  or  Moh'- 
arrckf  a  town  at  the  S.  und  of  the  island  of  Muharay, 
one  of  the  Bahrein  Islands,  Arabia,  on  a  strait  which  sepa- 
rates it  from  the  town  and  island  of  Manama.  It  is  built 
chiefly  of  white  houses,  is  fortified,  and  has  a  large  palace. 

JMa^harg't  a  post-ofiico  of  Butlor  oo..  Pa.,  about  22  miles 
N.  of  PitUburg. 

Mahas'ka^  a  county  in  the  S.E.  ocntriU  part  of  Iowa, 
has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Des  Moines  Kiver  and  the  North  and  South  Forks  of  Skunk 
River.  The  surface  is  partly  undulating  and  partly  lovol. 
The  soil  is  deep  and  very  fertile.  This  county  has  a  large 
proportion  of  prairie,  and  has  tracts  of  good  timber  grow- 
ing along  tho  rivers  and  creeks.  The  staple  products  are 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  and  pork.  Many 
mines  of  bituminous  coal  have  been  opened  in  this  county, 
which  has  also  beds  of  limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  tho 
Iowa  Central  Railroad,  two  divisions  of  the  Chicago,  Rock 
Island  &  Piicifio  Railroad,  and  tho  Burlington  &  Western 
Railroad,  all  of  which  centre  at  Oskaloosa,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  22,508;  in  1875,  23,718;  in  1880,  26,202;  in 
1890,  28,805. 

Mahavilly-Gunga,  m&-h&-virie-giin'g&,  or  Dlalia> 
Telle^Ganga^  md-ha-verie-gin'gi,  the  principal  river 
of  Ceylon,  rises  in  the  centre  of  the  island,  flows  N.  past 
Kandy  and  Bintenne,  and  enters  the  Indian  Ocean,  by 
several  mouths,  S.  of  Triucomalee.  It  receives  numerous 
affluents. 

Mahe^  ml'hi',  the  largest  island  of  the  Seychelles,  cov- 
ered with  high  granite  mountains.  It  is  17  miles  long. 
Chief  town,  Port  Victoria,  or  Mah6. 

Mahe^  m&^bi',  a  town  of  India,  belonging  to  tho  French, 
Malabar  coast,  on  a  navigable  river,  38  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Calicut.  Lat.  11°  42'  N. ;  Ion.  75°  38'  E.  Pop.,  with  ad- 
joining French  district,  8469. 

Mahebourg,  mi'hi'boon',  a  town  of  the  Mauritius, 
on  a  fine  bay  called  Grand  Port,  on  the  S.E.  coast,  35  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Port  Louis.  It  has  a  battery  and  barracks, 
but  has  declined,  its  harbor  being  difficult  of  access.  It  is 
also  called  Grand  Port;  but  that  name  belongs  to  a  village 
on  the  opposite  side  of  tho  bay. 

Maheidpoor,  ml-hid-poor',  or  Mehidpoor,  mfih- 
hid-j)oor',  a  town  of  India,  22  miles  N.  of  Oojein. 

Mah^erville,  a  post-office  of  Barton  co.,  Kansas. 

Mahcshasoora,  a  country  of  India.    See  Mysoub. 

Ma^hespoor',  a  town  of  Bengal,  district  of  Nuddea. 
Lat.  23°  21'  15"  N. ;  Ion.  88°  57'  23"  E.     Pop.  4100. 

Mahigunge,  or  Mahiganj)  mi'he-giinj',  a  large 
town  of  Bengal,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Rungpoor,  and  within  its 
municipal  liuiits. 

Mahikanta,  India.    See  Myheb  Caukta. 

Mahim,  mi^heem'  or  mi*hees»',  a  seaport  town  of 
India,  on  the  AV.  coast,  50  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Bombay. 
Another  Mahim  is  10  miles  N.  of  Bombay,  on  the  island 
and  within  the  municipal  limits  of  Bombay. 

Mahim,  a  town  of  British  India,  05  miles  W.N.A7.  of 
Delhi. 

Mahlbcrg,  marbSaa,  a  town  of  Baden,  2i  miles  N.E. 
of  Ettcnheim.     Pop.  1064. 

Mah^mudabad',  a  town  of  India,  Seetapore  division. 
Pop.  in  1872,  6312. 

Mahoba,  mi-ho'bi,  an  ancient  ruined  town  of  India, 
Bundelound,  32  miles  S.W.  of  Banda,  in  and  about  which 
are  some  striking  architectural  remains. 

Maholm,  ma'hOm,  a  post-office  of  Perr^  co.,  0.,  at 
Bristol  Railroad  Station. 

Mahomed-Khan-Ka-Tanda,  mi-hom'id^-kin- 
ki-t&n'dA,  a  town  of  Sinde,  on  a  branch  of  the  Indus,  30 
miles  S.E.  of  Hyderabad.     It  carries  on  trade  with  Cutch. 

Mahoin'et  (formerly  Middietown),  a  post-village  in 
Mahomet  township.  Champaign  co.,  111.,  on  the  Sangamon 
River,  and  on- the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  &  AVestern 
Railroad,  10  miles  N.AV.  of  Champaign,  and  38  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Bloomington.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  2 
flour-mills,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  money-order  post-office. 
Pop.  about  700;  of  the  township,  1401. 

Mahomet,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burnet  co.,  Tex.,  about  45 
miles  N.N.AV.  of  Austin. 

Mahon,  Port,  Minorca.    See  Port  Mahon. 

Mahon,  md,-hon',  a  toAvn  of  Persia,  province  and  22 
miles  E.  of  Kerman. 

Mahona,  mk-ho'ai,  a  town  of  India,  dominion^  and 
84  miles  S.AV.  of  Gwalior. 


Mahone  (ma'hOn)  Bay,  a  considerable  bay  on  the  S.E 

coast  of  Nova  Scotia,  about  35  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Halifax", 

Mahone  Ilay,  or  Uiii'burn,  a  post-villago  in  Lu. 
ncnburg  oo..  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  sea-coast,  6  miles  N.  of 
Lunenburg.  It  contains  20  stores,  2  hotels,  3  ohuvcbw,  a 
tannery,  and  2  or  3  saw-mills,  and  has  a  good  busiooat 
in  tho  building  of  small  vessels  and  in  the  shipment  of 
lumber,  wood,  Ac.     Pop.  800. 

Maho'ning,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Ohio,  bordon 
on  Pennsylvania.  Area,  about  425  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Mahoning  River,  and  is  also  drained  bj 
the  Littlo  Beaver  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and 
nearly  one-fourth  of  it  is  covered  with  forests,  in  which  th« 
sugar-maple  abounds.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Oats,  hay, 
wheat,  Indian  corn,  butter,  and  fla.\  are  tho  staple  prod- 
ucts. Among  its  mineral  resources  are  bituminous  coni 
and  iron  ore.  Its  annual  product  of  pig-iron  is  large.  It 
is  intersected  by  tho  New  York,  Lake  Erie  &  Wtstern  Rail, 
road,  the  Pittsburg  <fc  Western  Railroad,  tho  I'iitaburg  1 
Lake  Erie  Riiilroad,  the  Pennsylvania  Rnilroad,  the  Luke 
Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  and  other  rnilroaiia. 
Capital,  Youngstown.  Pop.  in  1870,  31,001;  in  I8S0 
42,871  ;  inl89U,  55,979.  ' 

Mahoning,  a  post-hamlet  in  AVindham  township,  Per. 
tage  CO.,  0.,  on  the  Atlantic  &  Great  AVestern  Railroad,  11 
miles  W.  of  AVarren.     It  has  a  cheeso-box-factory. 

Mahoning,  a  post-village  in  Pine  township,  Armstrong 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  at  the  mouth  of 
Mahoning  Creek,  55  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  an 
iron-furnace,  a  coal-mine,  and  a  hotel.     Pop.  about  125. 

Mahoning,  a  township  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa.  P.  1402. 

Mahoning,  a  township  of  Carbon  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  15S9, 
exclusive  of  Lehighton. 

Mahoning,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co..  Pa.    P.  15fl8. 

Mahoning,  or  Maho'ningtown,  a  village  of  Law. 
rence  co..  Pa.,  on  Beaver  River,  at  the  confluence  of  tb« 
Mahoning  and  Shonango  Rivers,  on  the  Pittsburg  <t  Lake 
Erie  Railroad  and  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  AVnyne  &  Chicago 
Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of  New  Castle.  It  has  2  churches,  2 
flour-mills,  and  a  limestone-quarry.  The  name  of  its  pMt- 
office  is  Cross  Cut. 

Mahoning,  a  township  of  Montour  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1036, 
exclusive  of  Danville. 

Mahoning  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  JefFerron 
CO.,  runs  westward,  and  enters  the  Alleghany  llivor  in 
Armstrong  co.,  about  10  miles  above  Kittanning.  It  ii 
about  50  miles  long. 

Mahoning  Furnace,  a  hamlet  in  Mahoning  town- 
ship, Armstrong  co..  Pa.,  5  miles  S.  of  New  Bethlehem  Sto>i 
tion.     It  has  a  furnace  for  pig-iron  and  a  coal-mine. 

Mahoning  Mountain,  Pennsylvania,  in  Carbon  co., 
is  situated  on  the  S.AV.  side  of  the  Lehigh  River  and  on 
the  S.E.  of  Mahoning  Creek. 

Mahoning  River  rises  in  Ohio,  drains  parts  of  Stark 
and  Portage  cos.,  runs  southeastward  through  Trumbull 
and  Mahoning  cos.,  and  passes  into  Pennsylvania.  Itj 
unites  with  tho  Shenango  River  in  Lawrence  co.,  about  4 
miles  S.AV.  of  New  Castle,  to  form  the  Beaver  River.  It  ii 
nearly  100  miles  long.  The  largest  towns  on  the  Mahoning  ] 
are  Youngstown,  Alliance,  and  Warren,  all  in  Ohio.  i 

Mahoutonga,  or  Mahontongo.    Sec  Mahaxtaxgo. 

Mahonville,  ma'on-vil,  a  post-otfiee  of  Lake  co.,  CoL 

Mahoopeny,  Pennsylvania.     See  Mehoopany. 

Mahoor,  m i-hoor',  a  town  of  India,  Nizam's  country, 
on  an  affluent  of  tho  AVurdah,  178  miles  N.N.AV.  of  llyder- 
abad. 

Maho'pac,  a  hamlet  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  7  miles  fiwB 
Pontiac. 

Mahopac,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Put- 
nam CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Carmel  township,  on  Lake  Mahopac,  snd 
on  the  New  York  <fc  Mahopac  Railroad,  which  connects  with 
the  Harlem  Railroad  at  Golden's  Bridge,  50  miles  N.  by  E. 
of  New  York.  Here  are  9  large  hotels  and  boarding-boMM, 
which  in  summer  are  crowded  with  visitors.  The  lake  en- 
closes several  beautiful  islands,  and  is  surrounded  by  hillyi 
and  picturesque  scenery.  Elevation,  1800  feet.  MahopM 
has  3  churches  and  a  banking-house.  J' 

Mahopac  Falls,  formerly  Red  Mills,  a  post-taa-i 
let  in  Carmel  township,  Putnam  co.,  N.Y.,  11  miles  K.K. 
of  Peekskill,  and  1  mile  from  Lake  Mahopac.  It  hffl  2 
churches. 

Mahora,  ml-ho'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Cstftile, 
19  miles  N.  of  Albacete.     Pop.  1368. 

Mahowl,  ma,-howl',  a  town  of  British  India,  35  milM 
N.AV.  of  Aziraghur. 

Mahragh,  Arabia.    See  Maharay. 

Mahrah,  mih'ri,  a  tract  on  the  S.  coast  of  Arabia, 


MATI 


1737 


MAI 


Ivveen  Iladramaut  and  Curia  (or  Kuria)  Muria  (Kuryan 
J  rian)  Bay.  It  is  mostly  covered  by  the  Sejer  and 
£»ahn  mountjiin-ranges.  Mahrah  is  the  country  of  the 
Jhril  tribe  or  nation.  The  name  Mahrah  has  been  dis- 
rced  by  others  of  local  origin,  the  maritime  portion  of 
t  country  being  now  generally  called  Shehr  or  El  Shehr. 

1  the  early  part  of  the  seventeenth  century  the  whole 
0  ntry,  from  Dhofar  to  the  W.  limit  of  Iladramaut,  was 
rsd  by  the  king  or  sultan  of  Shehr  or  Sejer.  Mahrah 
eiorts  frankincense,  with  aloes,  dragon's-blood,  and  vari- 
0  gums,  to  India. 

Ilahratta  (mA-rit'ta)  States  comprise  many  of  the 
pjicipal  states  of  Central  India,  viz.,  theSattarah,  Gwalior, 
ijorc,  Kolapoor,  Dhar,  and  Dewar  dominions,  having  a 
ultod  area  estimated  at  130,000  square  miles.  The  Mah- 
ria  Confederation  rose  into  notice  under  Sevajee  in  the 
nidle  of  the  seventeenth  century,  and  in  the  eighteenth 
ilipossossions  extended  from  the  province  of  Agra  to 
Cle  Comorin;  but  its  power  was  soon  afterwards  broken 
bfthe  British,  to  whom  all  the  states  which  composed  it 
»{ now  subsidiary.  The  warlike  Mahratta  race  is  found 
cMy  in  the  Bombay  presidency.  Their  language,  the 
Mrattce,  is  one  of  the  seven  great  Aryan  languages  of 
miern  India. 

(liihren)  a  country  of  Germany.     See  Moravia. 

^lahrisch-Neustadt,  mi'rish-noi'stitt,  a.  town  of 
^k■avia,  on  the  railway  between  Prague  and  Vienna,  14 
nies  N.N.W.  of  Olmutz.     Pop.  4498. 

|Iahrisch-Ostraii,  mi'rish-os'trow,  a  town  of  Mo- 
raa,  on  the  borders  of  Austrian  and  Prussian  Silesia,  at  a 
njway  junction,  4  miles  E.  of  Schiinbrunn.     Pop.  4127. 

jlahrisch-Trubau,m^'rish-trii'bow,  orMahrisch- 
']|ibaa  or  -Triebau,  mi'rish-trce'bow,  a  town  of  Mo- 
nia,  27  miles  N.W.  of  Olmutz.     Pop.  4814. 

ilah-to-wa,  a  post-office  of  Carlton  co.,  Minn. 

JIah'wali,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  in  IIo- 
hjus  township,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  30  miles  from  New 
Y)k.     It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  locks. 

lahy,  a  river  of  India.     See  Mhye. 

Iaia,  mi'i,  a  river  of  Siberia,  governments  of  Okhotsk 
Vakootsk,  joins  the  Aldan,  after  a  N.  course  of  500 
i. 
aiatum,  the  Latin  name  of  Maybt. 
aida,  mi'di,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Catanzaro, 
les  S.E.  of  Nicastro.     Pop.  4497. 
aid'en   Creek,  Pennsylvania,  runs   southward   in 
3  CO.,  and  enters  the  Schuylkill  7  miles  N.  of  Reading. 
|[aiden  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Mjden  Creek  township,  on  a  stream  of  the  same  name, 
arjon  the  Berks  &  Lehigh  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Read- 
in     It  has  2  churches  and  a  rolling-mill.     Pop.  of  the 
tohshin,  1615. 

|aia'enhead,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Berks, 
oupe  Thames,  here  crossed  by  an  elegant  bridge,  at  a  rail- 
wi  junction,  26  miles  W.  of  London.  It  is  picturesquely 
sitiited,  and  has  a  handsome  chapel,  an  endowed  school, 
aujjmshouse,  and  other  charities.     Pop.  6173. 

ijaiden  Uock,  a  post- village  in  Maiden  Rock  town- 
8h[,  Pierce  co.,  AVis.,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Lake  Pepin,  at 
thinouth  of  Rush  River,  about  15  miles  E.  of  Red  Wing, 
Mm.,  and  30  miles  S.W.  of  Menomonce.  It  has  2  churches, 

2  tels,  ft  grist-mill,  and  a  stave-factory.  Here  is  a  rocky 
blf  about  400  feet  high.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1079. 

taid'ens,  a  cluster  of  rocks  off  the  E.  coast  of  Ireland, 
into  Irish  Sea,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lame  Light-House.  The 
twkhighest  rocks  have  each  a  light-house,  with  fixed  white 
Ms.  Lat.  64°  55'  6"  N. ;  Ion.  5°  44'  W.  Elevation,  84 
aa94_  feet.    They  are  surrounded  by  dangerous  reefs. 

laiden's  Choice,  a  station  in  Baltimore  co.,  Md., 
onibe  Baltimore  <fc  Potomac  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  the 
intil  station  in  Baltimore. 

iaidstone,  mid'st^n,  a  borough  of  England,  capital 
oftont,  on  the  Medway,  here  crossed  by  a  five-arched 
brije,  and  at  a  railway  junction,  7i  miles  E.S.E.  of  Roch- 
«»|.  It  is  beautifully  situated  on  a  slope  in  the  central 
y^of  Kent,  and  has  many  curious  old  houses,  one  of  the 
fiilt  ancient  parish  churches  in  England,  now  beautifully 
nw red,  a  small  grammar-school  and  other  endowed  schools, 
nqerous  almshouses  and  large  charities,  a  former  palace 
ofjie  archbishops  of  Canterbury,  well-preserved  remains 
of  I  conventual  structure,  a  town  hall  and  market-cross, 
""j^y  j*i'  ^nd  house  of  correction,  a  lunatic  asylum,  ex- 
t«ivo  barracks,  neat  theatre,  library,  philosophical  society, 
nifiiianics'  institute,  and  several  banks.  In  the  immediate 
vi';iity  are  numerous  paper-mills  and  valuable  quarries  of 
rt<)j,  exported  by  the  Medway,  which  is  navigable  here 
i6:|  essels  of  60  tons.  Trade  is  thriving,  and  the  town  in- 
110 


creasing.  The  streets  are  lighted  with  gas.  The  borough 
sends  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Maidstone 
WHS  an  important  city  of  the  early  Britons.  In  the  reign 
of  Henry  VIII.  the  fir.<t  English  hops  were  raised  here. 
In  1648  the  town  was  twice  stormed  by  the  Parliamenrary 
forces.     Pop.  in  1880,  29,623;  in  1890,  32,150. 

Maidstone,  mid'stgn,  a  township  of  Essex  co.,  Vt.,  75 
miles  N.B.  of  Montpelier,  is  bounded  E.  by  the  Connecticut 
River.  Pop.  254.  Here  is  Maidstone  Lake,  a  summer  re- 
sort, 7  miles  N.W.  of  Guildhall. 

Maidstone,  or  Maidstone  Cross,  a  post-Tillage  in 
Essex  CO.,  Ontario,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Windsor.  It  contains 
2  stores,  2  hotels,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  125. 

Maidsville,  madz'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monongalia 
CO.,  W.  Va.,  20  miles  N.N.E,  of  Fairmont.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  tannery. 

Maikop,  mi'kop,  a  town  of  Russia,  district  of  Terek, 
Ciscaucasia.     Pop.  25,471. 

Maikur,  mi^kiir',  or  Meh^ker',  a  town  of  India,  in 
Berar,  45  miles  S.W.  of  Akola.     Pop.  3583. 

Mail  and,  a  town  of  Italy.     Sec  Milan. 

Mail  berg,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Malbehg. 

Mailcotta,  mil-kot'ti,  a  town  of  India,  in  Mysore,  17 
miles  N.  of  Seringapatam.     It  has  several  pagodas. 

Maille,  mil,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Vicnne, 
9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Fontenay-le-Comte. 

Mailleraye,  or  La  Mailleraye,  13,  mih^yeh-ri'  (L. 
Mespiletiim),  a  hamlet  of  Franco,  department  of  Seine-In- 
ferieure,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Rouen,  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Seine.     Pop.  800. 

Maillezais,  mih^y§h-zi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vendue, 
7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Fontenay-le-Comte.     Pop.  1420. 

Mailloux,  mil-loo', a  village  in  Bellechasse  co.,  Quebec, 
25  miles  from  St.  Valier.  It  contains  3  saw-mills  and  a 
grist-mill.     Pop.  200. 

Mainiaichin,  Maimaitchin,  mi-ml-chin'  or  ml-mi- 
checn',  or  Mai-Ma-Tchin,  nii-m4-cheen',  written  also 
Maimachen,  i.e.,  "place  of  trade,"  a  village  of  Mongo- 
lia, immediately  opposite  Kiakhta,  on  the  Russian  frontier, 
and  the  entrepot  of  the  Chinese  trade  with  Russia,  IfiO  miles 
N.W.  of  Oorga. 

Maimund,  mi-miind',  a  town  of  Afghanistan,  34  mile* 
S.W.  of  Candahar,  in  lat.  31°  42'  N.,  Ion.  64°  51'  E. 

Main,  Mayu,  or  Maine,  mdn  (Gcr.  pron.  min;  ano. 
Mcemis,  Mienna,  Mxnis,  or  Menus),  a  navigable  river  of  Ger- 
many, rises  by  two  streams,  the  Red  and  White  Main,  in 
the  Fichtel-Berg  Mountains,  North  Bavaria,  flows  very  tor- 
tuously W.,  and  joins  the  Rhine  opposite  Mentz.  Length, 
280  miles.  It  is  navigable  from  the  Regnitz  (240  miles)  to 
the  Rhine.  Chief  affluents,  on  the  left,  the  Regnitz  and 
Tauber,  and  on  the  right,  the  Saalo. 

Main,  min,  a  river  of  Ireliind,  co.  of  Antrim,  enter* 
Lough  Neagh  after  a  S.  course  of  30  miles. 

Main,  min,  a  river  of  Siberia,  joins  the  Anadecr  after 
a  N.  course  of  180  miles. 

Maina,  mi'ni,  a  district  of  Greece,  consisting  of  the  S. 
extremity  of  the  Morea,  between  the  Gulfs  of  Koron  and 
Kolokythia,  composing  the  greater  part  of  the  government 
of  Laconia.  The  inhiibitants,  who  were  never  fully  con- 
quered by  the  Turks,  long  lived  in  a  rude  feudal  state, 
subsisting  mainly  by  brigandage  and  piracy.  They  are 
now  regarded  as  probably  the  purest  in  blood  of  all  the 
modern  Greeks,  whose  descent  in  most  other  districts  is 

partly  from  Slavic,  Avar,  and  Albanian  ancestry. Inhub. 

Mainote. 

Maina  (anc.  Hippolaf),  a  village  of  Greece,  on  the 
Gulf  of  Koron,  14  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cape  Matapan. 

Main  ^  Dicu,  mis"^  &,  dee*uh',  also  called  Mcn^a> 
doo',  a  hamlet  in  Cape  Breton  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  the 
sea-coast,  26  miles  S.E.  of  Sydney.     Pop.  150. 

Mainbernheim,  mln-bSRn'himo,  a  town  of  Bavaria, 
15  miles  E.S.E.  of  WUrzburg.     Pop.  1381. 

Main  burg,  min'boona,  a  town  of  Lower  Bavaria,  27 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Ratisbon.     Pop.  1696. 

Maine,  min  or  mfin,  a  river  of  France,  joins  the  Sdvre- 
Nantaise  about  4  miles  above  Nantes.     Length,  30  miles. 

Maine,  a  river  of  France,  falls  into  the  Loire  on  the 
right,  after  a  navigable  course  of  7  miles. 

Maine,  min,  a  river  of  Ireland,  after  a  course  of  about 
18  miles,  falls  into  Castlemaine  Harbor,  whence  it  is  navi- 
gable to  the  village  of  Castlemaine. 

Maine,  or  I.e  Maine,  l?h  mdn  (L.  Cenomania  t),  an 
ancient  province  of  France,  bounded  N.  by  Normandy.  E. 
by  Orleannais,  and  S.  by  Anjou  and  Touraine.  With 
Percho  it  constituted  a  general  military  government.  Its 
capital  was  Le  Mans.  It  is  now  included  in  the  departments 
of  Sarthfr  aad  Majenne. 


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Maine*  min,  one  of  the  New  England  states,  and  the 
northeasternmost  state  of  the  American  Union,  bounded  N. 
by  the  Canadian  provinces  of  Quebec  and  New  Brunswick, 
E.  by  Now  Brunswiclt,  S.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  W.  by 
Now  Hamnshiro  iind  the  province  of  Quebec.  Its  N.W. 
boundary  tullows  for  some  distance  the  crost  of  a  range  of 
low  mountains,  a  ])arallel  outlier  of  the  Canadian  Notre 
Dame  range.  Leaving  this  crost,  the  line  follows  the  S.W. 
branch  of  tho  rivor  St.  John  for  somo  distance  northeast- 
ward, and  then  takes  a  direct  N.E.  course  to  tho  outlet  of 
Lako  Pohcnagaraook.  Thence  eastward  the  rivers  St.  Fran- 
cis and  St.  John  bound  the  state  on  tho  N.  Tho  eastern 
boundary  ascends  tho  river  St.  Croix  to  its  source,  and 
thence  strikes  directly  N.  until  the  river  St.  John  is  reached. 
The  coast  of  Maine  (218  miles  long  in  a  right  line)  is  in- 
dented deeply  by  muny  bavE  and  inlets,  which  increase  its 
actual  coast-line  to  25U0  miles  and  atfurd  unrivalled  har- 
bor-facilities for  shipjjing;  and  off  the  coast  there  are  nu- 
merous islands  belonging  to  the  state.  Area,  .'S3,U40  square 
miles,  of  which  the  land-surface  is  29,895  square  miles,  and 
the  water-surface  3145  square  miles.  The  state  is  about 
equal  in  area  to  all  the  other  New  England  states  combined. 

Face  of  the  Country. — The  northern  portion  of  the  state 
consists  mainly  of  a  wilderness  of  forest-land  covered  with 
pines,  spruce,  hemlock,  fir,  and  deciduous  trees  of  various 
species,  the  abode  of  the  moose  or  true  elk,  the  black  bear, 
and  various  fur-bearing  and  game  animals,  and  the  resort 
of  the  trapper,  the  sportsman,  and  the  lumber-cutter.  The 
primeval  forest  is  said  to  cover  three-fourths  of  Maine, 
llcro  tho  permanent  inhabitants  are  few,  except  in  the 
N.E.,  where  the  fertile  soil  of  Aroostook  co.  has  attracted 
settlers  and  developed  a  hardy  and  prosperous  class  of 
farmers  and  mechanics.  The  unsettled  portions  have  very 
generally  a  somewhat  rugged  surface  and  a  severe  winter 
climate.  All  parts  of  the  state  abound  in  beautiful  lakes, 
famed  for  their  excellent  trout.  The  N.  and  N.W.  have 
groups  of  detached  mountains,  which  belong  to  the  Appa- 
lachian system  and  are  in  part  more  or  loss  directly  con- 
nected with  the  White  Mountains  of  New  Hampshire.  Mount 
Kntahdin,  the  highest  in  the  state,  reaches  an  elevation  of 
5385  feet.  Other  noteworthy  elevations  are  Mars  Hill,  on 
the  E.  line;  Sugar  Loaf,  on  the  river  Seboois;  Mounts  Sad- 
dleback, Bigelow,  Bald,  Kineo,  Spencer,  Abraham,  Culcusso, 
Mucalsca,  White  Cap,  and  the  Aroostook  and  Travellers' 
Mountains.  The  southern  half  of  tho  state  is  of  varied 
character,  seldom  much  broken  in  surface,  but  with  tracts 
of  great  fertility  and  others  of  small  agricultural  value, 
tho  latter  found  especially  southeastward. 

The  greater  part  of  the  surface  strata  of  Maine  are  of 
eozoic  or  primitive  formation  ;  but  Silurian  rocks  cover  a 
large  part  of  the  N.  and  N.E.,  with  smaller  areas  in  the 
6.E.  and  S.AV.  and  in  the  Penobscot  and  Upper  Kennebec 
valleys.  Overlying  the  Silurian  there  are  in  the  N.  wide 
belts  of  Devonian  strata.  The  mineral  wealth  of  the  state 
is  not  largely  developed.  Thoraaston,  Rockland,  and  Cam- 
den burn  and  export  large  quantities  of  lime  of  excellent 
quality,  and  some  of  the  limestone  approaches  the  character 
of  marble  and  is  a  good  building-stone.  Fine  granite  is 
extensively  quarried  at  Hallowell,  Bath,  Thomaston,  Dix 
Island,  and  many  other  points,  and  is  largely  exported.  An 
ornamental  red  granite  is  wrought  near  Calais.  Iron  ore 
of  the  best  quality  is  mined  and  smelted  near  Mount  Ka- 
tahdin,  and  is  known  to  exist  elsewhere.  Roofing-slates 
are  obtained  at  several  places.  Lead  was  formerly  mined 
at  Lubec,  and  zinc  and  copper  ores  are  not  unknown.  Rich 
veins  of  silver-bearing  galena  occur  at  several  points;  but 
the  ores  are  reported  to  bo  generally  refractory,  and  the  de- 
posits are  as  yet  but  little  wrought.  Maine  offers  many  ot- 
tractive  fields  to  the  scientific  mineralogist,  and  it  is  believed 
that  tho  economic  value  of  her  mineral  deposits  will  be- 
come very  large. 

Jlivers,  Lakes,  &c. — The  Penobscot  is  the  largest  river, 
and  is  navigable  for  ships,  except  in  winter,  for  60  miles, 
while  its  upper  waters  are  navigated  by  small  steamboats. 
The  extreme  limit  of  steamboat  navigation  on  the  Kennebec 
is  at  Waterville,  63  miles  from  the  sea,  and  various  other 
lakes  and  rivers  also  afford  steam  navigation.  Tho  Andros- 
coggin, Saco,  St.  Croix,  Aroostook,  and  Walloostook  or  St. 
John  are  important  streams.  The  water-power  of  the  prin- 
cipal streams  is  constant,  and  is  extensively  employed  by 
manufacturers,  although  as  yet  only  a  very  small  part  of 
the  water-power  of  the  state  is  utilized.  Of  the  many  lakes, 
the  principal  are  Moosehead,  Chesuncook,  Schoodic,  Grand, 
Bebago,  <ko.  The  fresh  waters  of  Maine  cover  one-tenth  of 
her  area,  and  afford  supplies  of  the  true  and  the  landlocked 
lalmon  and  of  large  and  excellent  trout. 

Uhjectt  of  Interest  to    Tourists. — The  waterfalls,  moun- 


tains, wild  forests,  and  myriad  lakes  of  Maine,  with  the 
oool  summer  climate  of  the  north,  afford  attractiuns  to  the 
tourist  which  are  more  and  more  widely  appreciated  everT 
year ;  and  the  charms  of  its  bold  and  rooky  sea-const,  wiih 
its  thousand  bays,  its  bold  promontories,  and  its  |iioturoMua 
islands,  are  well  known  to  artists.  Tho  fishing-  and  hunt- 
ing-grounds about  Moosehead  Lake,  the  grand  solitude  of 
Mount  Katahdin,  and  the  varied  combinations  of  beautr 
and  sublimity  on  tho  coast  at  Mount  Desert  Island,  trt 
especially  noteworthy. 

Climate,  Soil,  and  Agriculture. — The  great  drawback  to 
agriculture  in  Maine  is  the  shortness  of  its  summers;  but 
the  deep  snows  prevent  the  ground  from  freezing  decplr 
and  in  the  spring  vegetation  advances  with  exccodinglr 
rapid  steps.  The  hay  and  potato  crops  are  of  especial  ex- 
cellence in  point  of  quality  and  quantity,  and  lx>tn  afford  a 
large  surplus  for  export.  Maize  docs  well  southward,  and  in 
the  N.E.  winter  wheat  is  a  favorite  crop.  Tho  oats  are  mucii 
superior  to  those  of  southern  New  England.  The  people  of 
French  descent  in  tho  N.E.  subsist  largely  upon  coarse  l<ut 
productive  varieties  of  buckwheat.  The  apple-tree  is  hardy 
and  productive  in  Maine.  The  state  breeds  many  horsea 
and  cattle  for  the  Massachusetts  markets,  and  her  dairy- 
products  are  of  great  value.  The  wool-clip  is  large  and  of 
good  quality.  The  aggregate  value  of  the  blueberries  and 
huckleberries  gathered  from  tho  waste  lands  and  exported, 
both  in  the  fresh  and  canned  state,  is  very  large.  The  pro- 
duction of  sugar  from  beets  has  been  undertaken  in  this 
state  with  profit. 

Forest  Products. — Maine  has  afforded  very  large  quan 
titles  of  the  noble  white  or  Weymouth  pine,  so  highly  prized 
by  house-  and  ship-builders,  but  at  present  tho  prodactiun 
of  this  timber  is  comparatively  small,  and  Maine  has  of 
late  fallen  from  her  rank  as  the  first  timber-producing  8tat« 
to  a  lower  place  upon  the  list.  Still  this  fall  is  relatirs 
rather  than  absolute,  for  she  yet  cuts,  saws,  and  sells  im- 
mense amounts  of  planks,  deals,  boards,  scantlings,  palingi, 
laths,  clap-boards,  shingles,  shocks,  heading,  ship-timber, 
furniture-  and  chair-stock,  wooden-ware,  carriage-stuff,  and 
the  like.  Spruce,  hemlock,  cedar,  beech,  birch,  hard  maple, 
and  black  and  white  ash  are  the  most  abundant  of  the  use- 
ful  timber-trees.  The  forest  products  include  potash,  char 
coal,  firewood,  tanners'  bark  (principally  hemlock),  and 
maple  sugar,  the  three  latter  having  a  large  aggregate  value, 
Oak  timber  is  found  near  the  coast,  but  is  not  especially 
abundant  in  the  interior.  The  rivers  afford  excellent  facil 
ities  for  the  flotation,  rafting,  sawing,  and  shipping  of  logi 
and  lumber. 

Fisheries  and  other  Maritime  Pursuits  have  naturally 
been  prosecuted  to  a  great  extent  here,  on  account  of  tha 
excellent  harbor-facilities  presented  by  the  deeply  convo- 
luted coast-line  and  the  numerous  navigable  rivers  and 
estuaries.  Indeed,  Maine  is  outranked  as  a  fishing  state 
by  Massachusetts  alone.  The  principal  food-fishes  taken 
are  cod,  mackerel,  hake,  herring,  haddock,  halibut,  k«.\ 
and  a  great  number  of  unmerchantable  or  oil-producing 
fishes  (chiefly  tho  menhaden)  are  taken,  and  utilized  in  tb«! 
manufacture  of  oil  and  fish  guano.  Salmon  are  caught' 
quite  largely  in  tho  Penobscot,  but  by  no  means  on  as  large; 
a  scale  as  in  the  rivers  of  the  Pacific  states.  The  lobster-! 
catch  of  Maine  is  very  important,  and  canned  lobster  isj 
extensively  prepared  for  tho  general  market.  Ship-builJingi 
is  not  as  flourishing  as  it  was  before  1861 ;  but  it  is  still  a| 
leading  pursuit  in  the  coast  towns,  whose  population  \i 
largely  engaged  in  maritime  pursuits,  and  especially  in  tha 
coasting  trade.  Maine  owns  many  schooners,  emjiloyed  in 
her  own  proper  commerce,  as  well  as  in  that  of  the  othct 
Atlantic  states,  and  sends  out  many  vessels  to  engage  in 
trade  between  the  United  States  and  the  West  Indies. 

Manufactures. — The  important  manufactures  of  lumber, 
lime,  building-stone,  shipping,  Ac,  have  already  been  al-: 
luded  to.  Tho  great  seats  of  tho  lumber-trade  are  Bangor 
and  Calais;  those  of  ship-building  are  Bath,  Calais,  and 
other  maritime  towns.  Tho  eotton-manufiicture  bni  it«| 
chief  seats  at  Lewiston,  Saco,  Biddeford,  Augusta,  Ae., 
and  is  one  of  the  leading  industrial  interests  of  theitatc.i 
Portland,  Waterville,  Belfast,  Rockland,  Ellsworth,  Hal- 
lowell, and  Gardiner  have  varied  manufactures.  Woolleni 
are  manufactured  at  many  points,  chiefly  for  domestic  um. 
The  leather-manufacture  has  already  assumed  large  pro- 
portions. Other  considerable  industries  are  the  manufaC' 
ture  of  scythes,  axes,  farming-implements,  boots  and  shoei, 
bagging,  cordage,  spars,  ship's  furniture,  glass,  jiottery, 
bricks,  machinery,  fish  oil,  fish  guano,  pickles,  enarcouli 
starch,  soap,  and  countless  articles  of  wood,  such  as  pegS) 
spools,  slats,  household  wares,  shuttles,  lasts,  furnilnre,, 
barrels,  shocks,   kegs,  small  joinery,  and   turners'  worlti 


MAI 


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le  canning  of  lobsters,  fish,  green  com,  fruits,  and  vege- 
ilcs  lor  I'ooJ  is  an  extensive  business.  Almost  every 
iiinunity  has  its  manufacturing  pursuits,  and,  although 
ey  are  in  many  cases  conducted  upon  a  small  scale,  the 
tal  result  is  very  great. 

tOommerce. — The  exports  of  Maine  include  a  large  pro- 

rtion  of  the  manufactured  goods  of  the  state,  notably 

le,  building-stone,  fire-wood,  lumber,  spars,  and  leather, 

well  as  cattle,  hay,  potatoes,  wool,  and  dairy-products. 

;  is  also  gathered  on  a  very  large  scale,  and  its  collection, 

•nige,  and  expert  afford  profitable  employment. 

Railroads. — Maine  is  traversed  by  railroads  which  form 

:  portant  links  in  the  great  chain  of  communication  ex- 

I  iding  from  Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  southwestward  to  Cen- 

■  ,1  Texas  and  westward  to  the  Pacific  coast.     Portland  is 

t !  great  railroad  centre  of  the  state.     It  has  lines  running 

1  Boston  and  other  points  in  New  England;  to  the  east 

cnmunication  is  maintained  with  Bangor  and  other  cities 

;  the  state,  as  well  as  with  Halifax,  St.  John,  and  points 

!  Eastern  Canada,  and  there  is  also  direct  connection  with 

.  )ntreal  and  the  West.     The  Canadian  Pacific  Railroad 

.  (sses  the  state,  and  the  more  populous  parts  of  Maine 

i3  well  supplied  with  railroad  facilities.     In   1841  there 

ire  only  11  miles  of  railroad ;  in  1846,  62  miles;  in  1850, 

:5  miles;  in  1855,  415  miles;  in  1860,  472  miles;  in  1865, 

I  miles ;  in  1870,  786  miles ;  in  1875,  980  miles ;  in  1884, 

42  miles;  in  1890,  1377  miles,  built  at  an  average  cost 

'r  mile  of  $43,074. 

Countien,  &c. — Maine  has  16  counties,  as  follows  :  Andros- 
gin,  Aroostook,  Cumberland,  Franklin,  Hancock,  Ken- 
[bec,  Knox,  Lincoln,  Oxford,  Penobscot,  Piscataquis,  Saga- 
hoc,  Somerset,  Waldo,  Washington,  and  York.   The  chief 
ies  and  towns  are  Portland,  the  principal  seaport,  on 
SCO  Bay  (pop.  in  1890,  36,425) ;  Bangor,  on  the  Penobscot, 
lentre  of  the  lumber-business,  and  the  seat  of  important 
e  and  manufactures  (19,103);  Augusta,  the  capital,  on 
Kennebec  (10,527);  Auburn,  a  manufacturing  city  on 
Androscoggin  (11,250) ;  Bath,  a  seaport  near  the  mouth 
jthe  Kennebec  (8723);  13elfast,  a  thriving  city  on  Penob- 
t  Bay  (5294) ;  Rockland,  near  the  entrance  of  the  same 
(8174) ;  Thomaston,  the  seat  of  the  state  prison,  and  a 
iitreof  the  lime  manufacture  and  export  (3009) ;  Biddcford 
i,443)  and  Saco  (6075),  important  manufacturing  towns 
the  Saco  River;  Brunswick,  the  seat  of  Bowdoin  College 
ifi  of  a  medical  school  (6012);  Calais,  a  busy  point  for 
lapping  and  trade  (7290) ;  Dexter,  a  thriving  interior  town 
('32) ;  Eristport,  the  most  easterly  town  in  the  United  States 
(:'08) ;  Ellsworth,  the  seat  of  important  shipping  interests 
(1'08);  Farmington,a  wealthy  interior  town  on  Sandy  River 
(l;07);  Gardiner  (5491)  and  Hallowell  (3181),  both  finely 
ifaated  on  the  Kennebec;  Lewiston.  on  the  Androscoggin, 
tfirineipal  seat  of  the  cotton  manufacture  (21,701) ;  Water- 
i|le(7107)  and  Skowhegan  (5068),  both  situated  upon  the 
iper  waters  of  the  Kennebec.    Other  important  places  are 
julton,  Fairfield,  Richmond,   Machias,  South   Berwick, 
Scksport,  Camden,  Waldoborough,  Damariscotta,  Liver- 
i!re,  Hampden,  Gorham,  Brewer,  Cape  Elizabeth,  Kittery, 
t)i  Kennebunk. 

fi'inancei. — In  the  year  1893  the  state  bonded  debt, 
■Hich  in  1889  amounted  to  $3,935,400,  principally  in- 
cred  during  the  war  of  1861-65  for  military  purposes, 
Pinties,  and  the  like,  was  reduced  to  $2,506,300  ;  besides 
tfs  the  state's  liability  for  trust  funds  was  reduced  from 
$429,425.09  to  $739,319.26. 

|?rfwca«ion. — Maine  has  an  excellent  system  of  free  public 
B  cols,  which  are  supported  by  the  income  of  a  permanent 
slool-fund,  by  state  appropriations,  and  by  general,  special, 
all  local  taxation,  assisted  in  many  instances  by  voluntary 
cftributions  of  citizens  given  for  the  purpose  of  prolonging 
tf  school-term  as  fixed  by  the  authorities.  There  are  state 
r  mal  schools  at  Castine,  Farmington,  Gorham,  and  Spring- 
fijl,  besides  a  practice- school  at  Portland  and  private  train- 
i  -schools.  In  1890  free  public  high  schools  were  main- 
tjiod  in  204  towns,  and  the  cities  and  larger  villages  have 
^ded  schools.  Bowdoin  College,  at  Brunswick,  is  the 
0|38t  and  best-endowed  college  in  the  state.  Lewiston  is 
t|  seat  of  Bates  College,  and  AVaterville  of  Colby  Uni- 
V  sity,  both  open  to  youth  of  either  sex.  At  Orono  is  the 
Be  agricultural  college,  at  Cape  Elizabeth  a  reform  school 
fjboys,  and  at  Hallowell  a  girls'  industrial  school.  Theo- 
l<|cal  schools  exist  at  Bangor  and  Lewiston,  and  a  medical 
B'bol  at  Brunswick,  with  a  subsidiary  or  aflSIiated  school 
a.'ortland.  There  are  many  academies  and  denomina- 
ti  lal  schools,  some  of  them  of  high  reputation. 
Jlistory. — The  Dutch  early  attempted  settlements  in 
JJine,  whose  excellent  facilities  for  fishing  and  the  fur- 
ti  le  attracted  them  strongly.    The  English  settled  at  the 


mouth  of  the  Kennebec  River  in  1607,  but  did  not  long  re- 
main. Bristol,  or  Pemaquid,  was  settled  in  1630.  AVest- 
ern  Maine  was  a  part  of  the  Laconia  colony,  and  in  1635 
was  named  the  "  Province  of  Maine"  by  authority.  Gorges 
hero  attempted  the  building  of  a  city  to  be  called  Gorgiana, 
and  was  lord  proprietary  of  Maine.  York  was  settled  before 
1625,  and  was  incorporated  as  a  city  (Gorgiana)  in  1653, 
and  Kittery  was  settled  not  far  from  the  same  time.  Sir 
William  Phips  and  Sir  William  Pepperell,  both  prominent 
in  early  New  England  history,  were  both  natives  of  Maine. 
Eastern  Maine  was  a  portion  of  French  Acadia.  In  1635 
the  French  expelled  the  English  colonists  from  the  Penob- 
scot region,  and  in  1665  they  founded  Castine.  They  had 
also  a  town  or  fort  where  Bangor  stands,  and  in  this  vicin- 
ity the  fabled  city  of  Noromberga  was  placed  by  old  authors. 
After  Sir  Ferdinando  Gorges  died  (1647)  Maine  became 
(1651)  a  part  of  Massachusetts,  though  detached  from  her 
proper  territory;  and  so  it  remained  until  1820.  Maine 
was  the  abode  of  the  dreaded  Abnaki  tribes  of  Indians, 
who,  stimulated  by  the  French,  waged  destructive  wars 
with  the  English  settlers  until  1712,  when  the  actual  Eng- 
lish frontier  was  removed  eastward  from  the  Kennebec,  and 
the  English  authority  thenceforward  covered  even  Acadia 
itself.  In  the  Revolutionary  war  Machias,  Portland,  Cas- 
tine, and  the  Kennebec  Valley  were  the  scenes  of  important 
events.  In  1820  the  "district  of  Maine,"  hitherto  a  part 
of  Massachusetts,  was  admitted  to  the  Union  as  a  state,  in- 
cluding a  region  in  the  N.W.  of  the  present  state  which  is 
believed  never  to  have  belonged  to  Massachusetts ;  but  the 
northern  boundary  was  left  somewhat  indefinite  by  the 
terras  of  the  treaty  of  1783,  and  was  not  clearly  estab- 
lished until  1842,  when,  after  much  disputation,  it  was  set- 
tled by  the  Webster-Ashburton  treaty,  made  between  the 
United  States  and  Great  Britain,  The  establishment  of 
Maine  as  a  state  was  followed  by  a  rapid  increase  in  her 
industrial  development;  but  at  a  later  period  the  exhaus- 
tion of  her  pine  forests  and  a  large  emigration  to  Massa- 
chusetts and  to  the  Western  states  checked  her  growth.  In 
the  war  of  1861-65  Maine  bore  a  gallant  part;  but  that 
struggle  involved  the  destruction  of  much  of  her  shipping, 
and  the  subsequent  paralysis  of  the  ship-building  industry. 
Nevertheless,  her  manufacturing  interests  have  of  late  been 
much  extended  and  her  railroads  doubled  in  mileage. 

The  Population  of  Maine  is  chiefly  of  New  England 
stock,  most  of  its  original  settlers  having  gone  there  froni 
Massachusetts  and  New  Hampshire  after  the  war  of  inde- 
pendence (1775-83) ;  but  of  late  there  has  been  a  large  im- 
migration from  the  British  provinces,  mainly  of  French- 
speaking  people,  while  the  populous  settlements  of  Acadian 
French  in  the  extreme  N.E.  date  from  1755.  Pop.  in  1790, 
96,540  ;  in  1800, 151,719;  in  1810,  228,705;  in  1820,  298,335; 
in  1830,  399,455;  in  1840,501,793;  in  1850,583,169;  in 
1860,  628,279;  in  1870,  626,915;  in  1880,  648,936;  in  1890, 
661,086. 

3Iaine,  a  township  of  Cook  co.,  111.     Pop.  1808. 

Maine,  a  township  of  Linn  cc,  Iowa.     Pop.  925. 

Maine,  a  post-township  of  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn.  P.  159. 

Maine,  a  post-village  of  Brocme  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Maine 
township,  on  Nanticoke  Creek,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Bingham- 
ton.  It  has  3  churches.  Pop.  303.  The  township  is  diver  ■ 
sificd  by  high  ridges  and  narrow  valleys.     Pop.  2071. 

Maine,  a  township  of  Columbia  «o..  Pa.     Pop.  699. 

Maine,  a  township  of  Marathon  co.,  AVis.     Pop.  765. 

Maine,  a  township  of  Outagamie  co..  Wis.     Pop.  203. 

Maine  Avenue,  a  post-hamlet  '>f  Cumberland  co., 
N.J.,  in  Landis  township,  on  the  New  Jersey  Southern 
Railroad,  about  3  miles  N.E.  of  Vinelard. 

Maine-et-Loire,m5n-i-lwaR'  or  mdn-i-lwan',  a  de- 
partment in  the  N.W.  part  of  France,  formed  of  the  old 
l)rovince  of  Anjou,  between  lat.  46°  59'  and  47°  45'  N. 
Area,  2755  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1891,  518,589.  Chief 
rivers,  the  Loire,  Sarthc,  Mayenne,  and  Loir.  Surface  diver- 
sified by  hills  and  plains.  The  valley  of  the  Loire  produces 
lint,  hemp,  and  fruits.  The  minerals  comprise  plate,  granite, 
marble,  and  flint.  Grain,  wine,  fruits,  and  cattle  are  ex- 
tensively exported.  The  department  is  divided  into  the 
arrondissements  of  Angers,  BaugS,  Beaupr6au,  Saumur,  and 
Segrd.     Capital,  Angers. 

Maineland,  or  Mainland,  post-office,  Cass  co..  Neb. 

Maine  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-village  of  Solano  co., 
Cal.,  about  18  miles  N.E.  of  Suisun  City.  Pop.  160;  of 
the  township,  761. 

Maine  Prairie,  a  post-village  of  Stearns  co.,  Minn., 
in  Maine  Prairie  township,  about  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  St. 
Cloud.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  cheese-factory.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  776. 

Mainland.    See  Pouona  and  Shetland  Islands. 


MAI 


1740 


MAK 


IHain'Innd,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  oo.,  Pa.,  in 
Lower  SalfurU  town<hip,  4i  miles  S.W.  of  llutfleld  Station. 
It  has  a  church. 

Main  Line  Junction,  Illinois.    See  Junction. 

Main  Line  Junction,  a  station  in  Athens  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Mariottii  A  Cinuinnati  llnilrood,  at  the  junation  of  the 
Bclpro  division  with  the  main  lino,  4  miloa  E.  of  Athens. 

Alainsburg,  or  Maincsburg,  munz'biirg,  a  post- 
village  of  Tioga  CO.,  Pa.,  about  3S  miles  N.  of  Williams- 
port.  It  has  a  church,  a  quarry  of  good  building-stone, 
and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  212. 

Maiustockheiin,  min'stok^blmo,  a  village  of  Ba- 
varia, in  Lower  Fninconia,  on  tho  Main.     Pop.  1348. 

Maintcnon,  uifl.N<>H^h-n6.N<>'  (L.  Mettmo),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Eure-et-Loir,  10  miles  N.X.E.  of  Chartres,  at 
thd  conduenoo  of  the  Eure  and  Voise,  and  on  the  railway 
to  Versailles.  Pop.  1930.  It  has  ruins  of  the  gigantic 
aqueduct  commenced  by  Louis  XIV.  to  convey  water  from 
tho  Eure  to  Versailles,  and  the  magnificent  chiltcau  in 
which  he  espoused  Fran^oise  d'Aubign6. 

Alainvault,  m^NaVo',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Ilainaut, 
21  milos  N.W.  of  Mons.     Pop.  2015. 

Mainville,  man'vll,  a  post-office  of  Cook  oo..  111.,  on 
tho  Des  Plaines  River,  about  15  miles  N.W.  of  Chicago. 

Mainville,  or  Maineville,  a  post-village  of  Warren 
00.,  0.,  in  Hamilton  township,  about  24  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Cincinnati,  and  1  mile  E.  of  tae  Little  Miami  Railroad.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  carriage-factory. 
Pop.  290. 

Mainville,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  oo..  Pa.,  on  Cat- 
Mwissa  Creek,  and  on  tho  Danville,  Hazleton  <t  Wilkesbarre 
Railroad,  which  here  passes  over  a  high  bridge,  15  miles  E. 
of  Danville,  also  on  the  Catawissa  &  Williamsport  Railroad. 
It  has  2  stores  and  1  grist-mill. 

Main's,  a  city  of  Germany.    See  Mextz. 

Maiorca,  mi-ou'kil,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of 
Douro,  20  miles  from  Coimbra.     Pop.  2653. 

Maiquetia,  mi-ki-tee'&,  a  town  and  w.atering-place 
of  Venezuela,  on  the  coast,  a  short  distance  W.  of  La 
Gunyra.     Pop.  4208. 

Maira,  mi'ri,  a  river  of  Italy,  joins  the  Po  3  miles 
S.W.  of  Carmagnola.     Length,  60  miles. 

Mairena  del  Alcor,  mi-rd'n&  ddl  &l-koR',  a  town  of 
Spain,  Andalusia,  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Seville.     Pop.  4406. 

Mairwarra,  or  Mairwara,  mar-war'ro,  a  district 
of  India,  province  of  Ajmoer,  of  which  it  forms  the  S.W. 
extension.  Area,  641  square  miles.  Though  under  British 
control,  it  in  part  belongs  to  the  states  of  Odcypoor  and 
Joudpoor.     Capital,  Nye  Nuggur.     Pop.  86,417. 

Mais,  the  ancient  name  of  Mhye. 

Maisdon,  mi\.'d6N'<>',  a  village  of  France,  in  Loire-In- 
fdrieure,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Nantes.     Pop.  286. 

Maisons-AI  fort,  rai*z6s<>'-Eirfon',  a  village  of  France, 
4  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Paris.  The  hamlet  of  Alfort  has  a 
national  school  of  rural  economy.     Pop.  7115. 

Maisons-8ur-Seine,  mi^zi.v'-siiK-s^n,  a  village  of 
Prance,  in  Soine-et-Oise,  10  miles  N.  of  Versailles,  on  the 
railway  from  Paris  to  Havre.     Pop.  2824. 

Maisox-thal,  the  Gorman  for  Misocco. 

Maissana,  mis-si'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  8  miles  from 
Varese,  on  the  Borza.     Pop.  of  commune,  2982. 

Maissy,  mis'sce,  also  called  Myhsee  and  Mihsi, 
mi'see',  a  town  of  Indi.a,  in  Bengal,  52  miles  N.  of  Patna. 
It  is  noted  for  its  tobacco.     Pop.  3590. 

Maitea,  mi-td'&,  one  of  the  Society  Islands,  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  E.  of  Tahiti,  on  which  it  is  dependent.  Lat. 
17°  53'  S. ;  Ion.  148°  5'  W.     Circuit,  8  miles. 

Maitland,  mat'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mifflin  co.,  Pa., 
on  tho  Lewistown  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad, 
6  miles  N.E.  of  Lewistown.     It  has  a  church. 

Mait'iand,  a  town  of  Australia,  New  South  Wales,  co. 
of  Northumberland,  on  the  Hunter  River,  at  its  junction 
with  Walles  Creek,  at  a  railway  junction,  14  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Newcastle.  The  creek  divides  it  into  East  and  West 
Maitland.  East  Maitland  has  a  court-house  and  a  jail. 
West  Maitland,  which  is  the  most  thriving,  contains  nu- 
merous large  stores  and  some  good  hotels.  With  Newcas- 
tle, these  towns,  called  collectively  the  "  Northumberland 
boroughs,"  return  one  member  to  the  legislative  assembly. 
Good  coal  is  abundant  in  the  vicinity.  Maitland  is  a 
Catholic  bishop's  see.     Pop.  (1891)  9907. 

Mait'land,  a  post-village  in  Hants  co..  Nova  Scotia,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Shubenacadie  River  in  Chignecto  Bay, 
20  miles  N.  of  Shubenacadie.  It  contains  2  churches,  13 
■tores,  2  hotels,  and  several  ship-yards.  Terra  alba  is  found 
in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  600, 

Maitland,  a  post-vilhigo  in  Yarmouth  oo.,  Nova  Sootia, 


13  miles  from  Yarmouth  town.    It  contains  several  (ton 
and  ship-yards.     Pop.  270. 

Maitland,  a  post-village  In  Grenville  oo.,  Ontario  „ 
the  river  St.  Lawrence,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railwa' 
120  miles  W.S.W.  of  Montreal.     It  contains  2  hotela 
stores,  a  foundry,  a  distillery,  a  saw-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  20u' 

Maitland  lliver,  a  small  stream  of  Ontario,  CarniOi 
intersects  Huron  co.,  and  enters  Lake  Huron  at  Qodericli 

Mait'landville,  a  village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  < 
the  river  Maitland,  1  mile  from  Goderich.  It  oonttiDi 
tannery,  salt-wells,  and  2  hotels.     Pop.  150. 

Maizi^res,  mi'zo-ain',  a  village  of  France,  in  Menrthi 
et-Moselle,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Salzburg.     Pop.  1248. 

MtOaki,  m4-y4'kee,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  o 
Kherson,  on  the  Dniester,  20  miles  W.  of  Odessa.    P.  Kg 

Mfuambo,  mi-jlm'bo,  a  town  of  Madagascar,  on  i 
N.W.  coast,  at  the  head  of  tho  Bay  of  Majambo,  70  milt 
N.E.  of  Bembatooka. 

MiUdan,  mi'dJn',  a  village  of  Hungary,  oo.  of  K 
Bova,  4  miles  from  Oravicza.     Pop.  1272. 

Miuen'ica,  or  Kcl'so,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ilantingtc 
CO.,  Ind.,  8  miles  S.  of  Huntington.  It  has  a  church  and 
saw-mill.     Pop.  75. 

Mojin'da,  a  town  of  Sinde,  on  the  Indus,  40  mil, 
N.W.  of  Hyderabad,  with  2000  inhabitants,  and  an  extti 
sive  bazaar.     Lat.  28°  51'  N.;  Ion.  68°  19'  E. 

Mojitha,  a  town  of  India,  Amritsir  district.    P.  660 

Majorca,  ma-jor'ka  (Sp.  M(tllorca,  m41-yoR'kij  P 
Majorque,  mi'zhonk' ;  L.  Balea'rii  Ma'Jor,  and  Mnjorca 
an  island  in  tho  Mediterranean,  belonging  to  Spain,  nn 
forming  the  largest  of  the  Balearic  group,  about  115  iuii< 
S.  of  Barcelona,  between  lat.  39°  16'  and  39°  57'  N.and  loi 
2°  18'  and  3°  27'  E.  Greatest  length,  58  miles;  greats 
breadth,  45  miles ;  area,  1420  square  miles.  It  is  very  i 
regular,  and  deeply  indented.  The  coasts  on  the  W.  *i^ 
N.,  facing  Spain,  are  very  lofty  and  steep;  in  other  diro 
tions  they  are  low  and  shelving.  A  great  number  of  goc 
natural  harbors  are  scattered  along  the  coasts.  Tho  inti 
rior  is  finely  diversified  with  mountains,  hills,  valleys,  sn 
plains.  The  culminating  point  of  the  island,  Puig  de  Ti 
rella,  has  a  height  of  about  4800  feet.  Tho  climnto  is  ten 
perate,  the  mountains  in  the  N.  affording  protection  again, 
the  winter  cold,  and  refreshing  breezes  from  the  sea  wit 
gating  the  summer  heat;  violent  winds,  however,  are  d< 
unfrequent,  and  the  air  is  often  overcharged  with  inoistur 
which  hangs  in  clouds  or  descends  in  mists.  Mnjorca 
generally  well  watered  and  fertile,  producing  in  coni'ide 
able  abundance  wheat,  barley,  oats,  legumes,  oil,  and  wini 
fruits  abound  everywhere.  It  is  traversed  by  railway 
Capital,  Palma.  Pop.  204,000.  Majorca  and  Minorca  wci 
anciently  named  Gi/mnesise,  while  tho  appellation  of  Mojo 
or  "  the  larger,"  was  given  the  former,  and  that  of  Mine 

or  "the  smaller,"  to  the  latter  island. Adj.  and  inhal 

Major'can  or  Mallorqoine,  marior-keen'  (Sp.  Malloi 
Qt7ix,  mil-yoR-keen'). 

Majori,  m4-yo'ree,  a  maritime  town  of  Italy,  proTiD< 
and  6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Salerno.     Pop.  4896. 

Majority  Point  (formerly  Prairie  City),  Cutnbei 
land  CO.,  III.     See  Toledo. 

Ma'jors,  a  post-office  of  Buffalo  co..  Neb. 

Ma'jorsville,  a  post-hamlct  of  Marshall  co.,  W.  V* 
13  miles  (direct)  E.  of  Moundsville,  the  capital  of  tfa 
county.     It  has  2  general  stores. 

Majorville,  Ontario.     See  Whitevalb. 

M^tjsa,  mi'shSh,  a  village  of  Hungary,  Little  Cumani: 
18  miles  from  Felegyhaza.     Pop.  7333. 

Miyumba,  a  town  of  Africa.    Seo  Mayohba. 

Majunga,  m4-jiin'gi.,  a  town  of  Madagascar,  on  i 
N.W.  coast,  at  the  entrance  of  Bembatooka  Bay.  An  c: 
tensive  traffic  is  carried  on  here  in  cattle-products. 

Makad,  moh^kod',  a  village  of  Hungary,  27  miles  fro:; 
Pesth,  on  an  island  of  the  Danube.     Pop.  1349.  i 

Makadishu,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Magaooxo. 

Makallah,  Macallah,  mi-kil'li,  or  Maciillahj 
mi-kul'li,  a  town  of  Arabia,  on  its  S.  coast,  and  on  a  m» 
bay,  300  miles  E.N.E.  of  Aden.  Lat.  14°  31'  N.;  Ion.  iH 
6'  E.  Pop.  about  4500,  comprising  numerous  foreigner' 
It  is  partly  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  an  imposing  »! 
pcarance  from  the  sea,  its  houses  being  in  a  costellatc 
style  and  several  stories  in  height.  The  harbor,  shcltert 
by  a  point  to  the  S.E.,  affords  a  good  anchorage,  «nd 
frequented  by  coasting-vessels  for  supplies  of  provision)' 
it  also  exports  gums,  bides,  and  senna,  and  has  an  impo' 
trade  in  coffee  and  other  native  produce,  cotton  cloths,  Icai 
iron,  sheep,  aloes,  honey,  and  slaves. 

Ma'kanda,  a  post-village  in  Makanda  township,  J"'! 
son  CO.,  111.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  49  mile- 


MAK 


1741 


MAL 


'  Cairo,  and  28  miles  S.  of  Duquoin.     It  has  3  churches. 
large  quantity  of  fruit  is  shipped  here.     Pop.  of  the 

vnship,  1680. 

jAIakang,  a  town  of  China.    See  Makung. 

inakariev,  or  Makariew,  niA-ki-re-fiv',  a  town  of 

ssia,  governuient  and  46  miles  E.S.E,  of  Nizhnee-Nov- 

•od,  on  the  Volga.     Pop.  1656. 
akariev,  a  town   of  Russia,  government  and   110 

les  E.  of  Kostroma.     Pop.  6202. 
a'kee',  a  township  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa.     Pop. 
4,  oxlusive  of  Waukon. 

JIakelyville,  mak'l§-vil,  or  Makely's,  a  post-hamlet 

lllyde  CO.,  N.C.,  on  the  Pungo  River,  4  miles  from  Slades- 

flc.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  steam- 
M-landing. 

ilakhadoo,  mi-ki-doo',  a  town  of  the  Comoro  Islands, 
And  of  Johanna,  has  high  walls,  and  its  roadstead  is 
ifch  frequented  by  ships.  Chief  exports,  sugar,  arrow- 
it,  and  fruits  and  grains.     Pop.  3000. 

plak^Iiaiidan,  mi-kdn'din,  a  town  of  Bengal,  Bogli- 
Ar  district.     Pop.  3320. 

Makiaii)  mi-lic-ln',  a  small  volcanic  island  in  the  Ma- 
l[  Archipelago,  otf  the  W.  coast  of  Gilolo.  Lat.  0°  20' 
tI;  Ion.  127°  30'  E.     Circuit,  about  18  miles. 

Makil,  Turkey.    See  Maghil. 

RIakiu,  aa  island  in  the  North  Pacific.    See  Pitt. 

Makiniyat,  md-ke-ne-yit',  or  Makittyat,  mi-keen- 
jit',  a  straggling  village  of  Central  Arabia,  120  miles 
'jS.W.  of  Muscat. 

ftlakkum,  mik'kum,  a  market-town  of  the  Nether- 
llids,  province  of  Friesland,  on  the  Zuyder  Zee,  9  miles 
itol  Harlingen.     Pop.  2080. 

Maknovka,  or  Maknowka,  mik-nov'ki,  written 
m  Machnovka,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  94 
lies  S.W.  of  Kiev.     Pop.  4000. 

Wako,  mSh'ko',  or  Makovia,  mi-ko've-A,  a  town  of 
llngary,  co.  of  Csanad,  on  the  Maros,  22  miles  E.  by  S.  of 
^igedin.  It  is  the  residence  of  a  bishop,  and  contains  a 
I|bian  Catholic,  a  Greek  United,  and  a  Protestant  church,  a 
Ilitestanl  gymnasium,  a  court-house  and  county  buildings, 
ak  handsome  barracks.  It  has  an  important  trade  in 
op,  wine,  cattle,  and  wood.  The  fishing  in  the  Maros  is 
vy  productive.  There  are  also  numerous  mills.  Pop. 
21149,  of  whom  rather  more  than  one-half  are  Protestants. 

lako^kebatan',  a  lake  on  the  Albany  River,  North- 
t  Territories,  N.  of  Lake  Superior.  It  is  nearly  straight, 
measures  16  miles  in  length. 

^lakoo,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Magoo. 
akooas,  mi^koo'iz,  a  people  of  Southeast  Africa,  near 
til  Mozambique  coast. 
'akoqueta,  a  river  of  Iowa.    See  Maquoketa. 
akov,  mS.-Kov',  or  Machow,  miK'ov,  a  town  of 
nd,  in  Lomza,  63  miles  E.N.E.  of  Plock.     Pop.  6527. 
akovia,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Mako. 

jlakowar,  mi-ko-wan',  an  island  of  the  Red  Sea,  off 
tl  coast  of  Nubia,  near  a  small  port  of  the  same  name. 
1.20°  38'  N.;  Ion.  37°  20'  E. 

lakoAvar,  or  Emerald  Island,  an  island  of  the 
Bl  Sea,  off  the  coast  of  Egypt,  opposite  the  ruins  of  Bere- 
nfe.     Lat.  23°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  35°  45'  E. 

tiakowiec,  mi-ko've-dts,  a  village  of  Poland,  govern- 
nbt  and  28  miles  E.N.E.  of  Warsaw.  Here  Kosciusko 
wj  wounded  and  taken  prisoner  by  the  Russiiins  in  1794. 

llakrai,  m3,k-ri',  a  native  state  of  India,  Central 
Pf\'inoes.     Area,  215  square  miles.     Pop.  13,648. 

ilakrec,  or  Makri,  m.l'kreo^  a  seaport  town  of  Asia 
Mor,  on  the  Gulf  of  Makrce,  52  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rhodes, 
wjch  city  it  supplies  with  mules,  cattle,  sheep,  and  fuel, 
lias  a  good  and  well-sheltered  port.  Its  antiquities  com- 
pje  a  very  perfect  theatre,  and  tombs,  remains  of  the  an- 
cilt  TelmesgiM, 

lakrec,  or  Makri,  a  town  of  Turkey,  Roumelia,  on 
tlj  iEgean,  75  miles  S.W.  of  Adrianople.  It  is  a  Greek 
biop's  see,  and  has  a  harbor  and  a  castle.     Pop.  3000. 

Wakronisi,  an  island  of  Greece.    See  Macronisi. 

jlaktan,  a  small  island.    See  Mactan. 
ffakulla,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  Makallah. 

jtakung,  or  Makang,  mi-kung',a  fortified  town  of 

Cjia,  on  the  largest  of  the  Pheng-Hoo  Islands.     It  is  built 

ojoral  rock,  has  a  good  harbor,  though  not  easily  accessi- 

bland  carries  on  a  large  fishery,  and  a  trade  in  pork,  fish, 

Bl  peanut  oil,  which  are  actively  exported.     Pop.  12,000. 

[(ala,  mi'lS.,  a  village  of  Spain,  with  mineral  baths,  8 

miss  S.W.  of  Granada. 

Flaia,  m&'li,  a  river  of  Peru,  enters  the  Pacific  at  Mala. 

jlala,  a  decayed  village  of  Peru,  48  miles  S.E.  of  Lima, 

MU  4  miles  from  the  Pacific.     Pop.  800. 


Malabar,  mll^a-bar',  a  district  of  India,  Madras  pres- 
idency, on  the  W.  coast.  Lat.  10°  15'-12°  18'  N.;  Ion.  75» 
15'-76°  55'  E.  Area,  6000  square  miles.  Its  coast-line  ii 
over  125  miles  in  extent.  The  coast-region  is  low,  and  bor- 
dered to  seaward  by  lagoons ;  but  inland  the  country  is 
mountainous.  Gold  and  iron  abound.  The  climate  is  hot, 
wet,  and  sickly.  Chief  products,  pepper,  cardamoms,  teak, 
coir,  castor  and  cocoa  oils,  rice,  ginger,  coffee,  and  cotton. 
Many  of  the  natives  have  been  Christians  from  remote  an- 
tiquity. Pop  2,261,250.  The  name  Malabar  Coast  is  ap- 
plied to  the  W.  coast  of  India  in  general. 

Malaca,  a  city  of  Spain.    See  Malaga. 

Malacca,  mi-lak'ka,  or  Malaya,  mi-li'ya,  formerly 
an  independent  country  of  Southern  Asia,  consisting  chiefly 
of  the  Malay  Peninsula.  It  is  now  divided  between  the 
territories  of  Siam,  some  native  chiefs,  and  the  British  col- 
onies, called  Straits  Settlements.     See  Malay  Peninsula. 

Malacca,  mi-lak'ka,  and  Naning,  nH^ning',  one  of 
the  "  Straits  Settlements"  belonging  to  the  British,  on  the 
W.  coast  of  the  Malay  Peninsula,  between  lat.  2°  and  3° 
N.  and  Ion.  102°  and  103°  E.,  having  landward  the  terri- 
tories of  Salangore,  Rumbowe,  Johole,  and  Johore.  Area 
660  square  miles.  Pop.  77,756,  of  whom  58,000  are  Malays 
and  13,500  are  Chinese.  Capital,  Malacca.  Exports,  gutta- 
percha, gambler,  pepper,  rubber,  horns,  skins,  canes,  spices, 
sugar,  rice,  sago,  coffee,  tin,  gums,  tobacco,  cinnamon,  ebony, 
ivory,  Ac.     This  settlement  is  under  a  lieutenant-governor. 

Malacca,  the  capital  of  the  above  district,  is  situated 
on  both  sides  of  the  Malacca  River,  near  its  mouth,  130 
miles  N.W.  of  Singapore.  Lat.  2°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  102°  5'  E. 
Principal  edifices,  the  barracks,  court-house,  town  house, 
jail,  civil  and  military  hospitals,  and  the  Anglo-Chinese 
College,  founded  in  1818.  Here  are  also  Chinese,  Hindoo, 
and  Malay  schools.  The  ruins  of  a  famous  church,  erected 
by  Albuquerque,  and  the  remains  of  Portuguese  and  Dutch 
forts,  occupy  several  summits  around  the  town.  Malacca 
has  some  export  trade  in  gold-dust,  tin,  balachong,  aloe- 
wood,  ebony,  ivory,  and  Chinese  hardwares ;  and  it  imports 
earthenwares,  opium,  iron,  rice,  British  and  Indian  manu- 
factured goods,  salt,  and  colonial  produce.  The  commerce 
of  the  Straits  has,  however,  become  chiefly  monopolized  by 
Singapore.  The  town,  founded  about  1250,  Avas  taken  by 
the  Portuguese  in  1511,  by  the  Dutch  in  1641,  and  by  t'ae 
English  in  1796.  It  was  again  held  by  the  Dutch  froi" 
1818  to  1825.     Pop.  15,000.     See  Strait  of  Malacca. 

Malacooree,  Malacoore,  or  Malacouri,  mi-li- 
koo'ree,  a  strongly-fortified  town  of  West  Africa,  about  65 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Sierre  Leone,  on  the  Malageea. 

Malaczka,  mohMits'k6h\  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and 
21  miles  N.W.  of  Presburg.     Pop.  3245. 

Malad  (or  Malade,  mi-lid')  City,  a  post-village, 
capital  of  Oneida  co.,  Idaho,  on  the  Malade  River,  about 
40  miles  N.  of  Corinne.  It  is  on  or  near  the  boundary 
between  Idaho  and  Utah,  and  in  a  fertile  valley,  near  the 
W.  base  of  a  high  mountain  of  Silurian  limestone  and 
sandstone.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  flour 
and  lumber.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Malade  River,  Idaho,  rises  in  the  Salmon  River 
Mountains,  runs  southwestward  in  Alturas  co.,  and  enters 
the  Snake  River.     Its  length  is  estimated  at  125  miles. 

Malade  River,  an  affluent  of  the  Bear  River,  rises  in 
Oneida  co.,  Idaho,  runs  southward  into  Utah,  and  enters 
Bear  River  about  10  miles  above  Corinne.  Length,  about 
120  miles.  Its  valley  is  broad  and  flat,  rich,  and  well 
watered  with  springs. 

Maladetta,  Mount.    See  Pic  Nethoit. 

Malaga,  mal'a-ga  or  mi'li-gi  (anc.  Mal'aea),  a  sea- 
port city  of  Spain,  capital  of  a  province  of  its  own  name, 
on  a  bay  of  the  Mediterranean,  65  miles  E.N.E.  of  Gibral- 
tar, Lat.  of  mole,  36°  43'  5"  N. ;  Ion.  4°  26'  E.  Pop. 
115,882.  It  is  built  in  the  form  of  an  amphitheatre,  near 
the  base  of  a  mountainous  range,  and  is  commanded  by  a 
tine  old  Moorish  castle,  perched  on  a  pointed  rock,  and  called 
the  Gibralfaro.  The  streets  are  very  narrow,  ill  paved,  and 
dirty,  with  high  houses  built  around  courts.  It  has  a  fine 
promenade,  on  which  are  some  of  the  best  houses  in  the 
town.  The  chief  public  buildings  are  a  splendid  cathedral, 
with  a  spire  302  feet  high;  the  bishop's  palace,  4  parish 
churches,  5  hospitals,  the  opera-house,  bull-ring,  custom- 
house, legal  seminary,  and  a  convict-depot.  Malaga  is  the 
see  of  a  bishop,  the  residence  of  a  civil  and  military  gov- 
ernor, and  the  seat  of  several  important  courts  and  public 
offices.  The  principal  manufactures  are  linen,  woollen,  and 
cotton  fabrics,  sail-cloth,  rope,  paper,  hats,  leather,  and 
Roap ;  here  are  also  a  royal  cigar-factory  and  iron-foundries. 
The  old  Moorish  Darsena,  or  dock-yard,  is  used  as  a  store- 
house.   The  harbor,  formed  by  a  mole  700  feet  in  length, 


MAL 


1742 


MAL 


on  irhioh  is  a  light-house,  \a  capable  of  holding  about  450 
niorubant  shlpa,  and  may  be  entered  during  any  wind. 
Malaga  has  a  largo  trade  in  wines,  the  finest  of  whieh  are 
"  Mountain"  and  "  Liigrima*;"  the  other  exports  are  olive 
oil,  figs,  almonds,  raisins,  grapes,  ornn;;c-poul,  esparto,  and 
lemons,  with  load  and  iron  from  neighboring  mines.  The 
imports  comprise  salt  fish,  iron  hoo]>s,  bar  iron,  nails,  petro- 
leum, timber,  woollen,  silk,  and  cotton  fabrics,  and  colonial 
proiluoo.  Malaga  is  supposed  to  have  boon  founded  by  the 
Carthaginians.  From  thorn  it  passed  to  the  Romans,  under 
whom  it  became  a  great  city.     See  Vklez  Malaoa. 

Mnlnga,  a  maritime  province  of  Spain,  Andalusia, 
boundo<i  S.  by  the  Mediterranean.  Area,  3U52  square  miles. 
Pop.  602,378. 

Mal'agn,  a  post-village  in  Franlclin  township,  Olouocs- 
ter  CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Maurice  River,  and  on  the  ^^  est  Jersey 
Kailroad,  28  miles  S.  of  Camden,  and  6  miles  N.  of  Vine- 
land.  It  has  a  church,  a  manufactory  of  window-glass, 
and  about  40  houses. 

Malaga,  n  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  0.,  in 'Malaga 
township,  II  miles  S.  of  Barncsvillo,  and  about  37  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Marietta.  It  has  2  churches  and  2  tobacco-fac- 
tories.    Pop.  114;  of  the  township,  1677. 

Malaga^  a  largo  and  very  beautiful  lake  of  Nova  Scotia, 
in  the  co.  of  Queens,  is  about  12  miles  long  by  3  miles  wide. 
It  contains  lU  islands,  and  is  surrounded  with  hills  covered 
with  timber.  It  is  connected  with  Greenfield  or  Port  Med- 
way  Lake  by  a  small  stream  called  Wild  Cat  River. 

JrlaPagash',  a  post-village  in  Cumberland  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  Northumberlai^d  Strait,  10  miles  from  Wallace. 
It  contains  2  churches  and  a  store.     Pop.  2U0. 

Malagash  Point,  a  hamlet  in  Cumberland  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  point  of  a  headland  at  the  entrance  to  Tata- 
magouche  Harbor,  15  miles  E.  of  Wallace.     Pop.  100. 

MaPaga\vatch',a  post-village  in  Invornesis  co.,  Cupe 
Breton  Island,  29  miles  N.  of  Port  Ilawkesbury.  It  has 
uiarblo-quarrios  and  a  deep  landlocked  harbor.     Pop.  250. 

Malagon,  m&-l&-gon',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
19  miles  N.W.  of  Ciudad  Real.     Pop.  4150. 

Malaguash,  Nova  Scotia.     See  Lunenburg. 

MaMahide',  a  watering-place  of  Ireland,  on  a  bay  of 
the  Irish  Sea,  9  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Dublin.  Pop.  653, 
partly  employed  in  a  valuable  oyster-fishery.  It  is  hand- 
somely built,  and  is  frequented  by  bathers. 

Malaisia,  mal-i'she-a  (Fr.  Malalsie,  miMi'zee'),  a 
name  sometimes  applied  to  the  Malay  Archipelago.  It  is 
derived  from  the  circumstance  that  the  inhabitants  for  the 

most  part  belong  to  the  great  Malay  race. Adj.  Ma- 

LAisiAN,  mal-4'she-an.     See  Malay  Archipelaco. 

Mal'aka,  a  township  of  Jasper  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1026. 

Mai'akof,  a  post-hivmlct  of  Door  co.,  Wis.,  in  Sevas- 
topol township,  50  miles  N.E.  of  Green  Bay. 

jMal'akon,  a  post-ofiico  of  Henderson  co.,  Tex. 

Malakotf',  a  post-village  in  Carloton  co.,  Ontario,  9 
miles  N.W.  of  Kemptvillo.     Pop.  100. 

Malamocco,  mil-Ii-mok'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  5  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Venice,  on  Malamocco,  a  long  sandy  island,  sepa- 
rating the  lagoons  from  the  Adrifitic.  Pop.  2096.  It  was 
the  residence  of  the  Doge  in  the  eighth  century. 

Malansac,  m&Mftxo'sik',  a  village  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Morbihan,  arrondissemont  of  Vannes.    Pop.  2266. 

Malao,  the  ancient  name  of  Berbrra. 

M^iar,  a  lake  of  Sweden.     See  Maelar. 

Alalaspina,  md-lis-pce'nil,  the  westernmost  of  the  Co- 
lumbrctcs  Islands,  in  the  Mediterranean. 

Malatecyeh,  or  Malatia,  mi-ld-tee'y^h  (anc.  Meli- 
te'ne),  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  100  miles  N.E.  of  Marash, 
near  the  Euphrates.  It  has  about  200  wretched  houses,  a 
ruinous  castle,  and  some  good  mosques  and  caravansaries. 
It  is  unhealthy  ;  and  from  various  causes  most  of  its  popu- 
lation have  now  settled  at  Aspuzi,  about  5  miles  southward. 

Malatlia,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  El  Milii. 

JUalativo,  mfi-li-tee'vo,  written  also  Moeletivo, 
moo-l§h-tee'vo,  a  seaport  town  of  Ceylon,  on  its  E.  coast,  52 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Trincomalce. 

Malaucene,  mi'lO'sain',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vau- 
cluse,  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Orange.     Pop.  1610. 

Malaunay,  mJlMO^ni',  a  vill.age  of  France,  in  Seine- 
Inf6rieure,  5J  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Rouen.  Pop.  1590.  It 
has  numerous  cotton-  and  paper-mills. 

JMalaya,  Asia.    See  Malacca. 

Malay  Archipelago,  ma-li'  ar-kc-pel'a-go,  called 
also  Indian,  Asiatic,  and  Eastern  Archipelago, 
and  Malai8ia,the  most  extensive  group  of  islands  on  the 
globe ;  situated  to  the  S.E.  of  Asia,  and  washed  W.  by  the 
Indian  and  E.  by  the  Pacific  Ocean.  The  inhabitants  are 
largely  of  the  Malay  race,  whence  its  name.    A  chain  of 


islands,  about  thirty  in  number,  separated  in  general  onli 
by  very  narrow  straits,  extends  from  the  N.W.  extreniiit 
of  Sumatra,  lat.  6°  34'  N.,  Ion.  95°  20'  E.,  to  the  Ar..o 
Islands,  hit.  6°  S.,  Ion.  134°  30'  E.,  a  distance  of  about  2A(ia 
miles.     The   greater  part   of  this  chain  lies  botwoon  tli« 

7th  and  9th  parallels  of  S.  lat.;  but  at  one  point Koltg 

Island,  adjoining  Timor — it  touches  the  11th  parallel,  'rhig 
is  the  S.  boundary  of  the  Archipelago.  Its  K.  limit  hot  It^n 
compactness  and  linear  precision.  At  a  short  distance  X, 
and  E.  from  the  Aroo  Islands  lies  the  great  island  of 
Papua,  or  New  Guinea,  the  W.  peninsula  of  which  is  br 
some  considered  as  belonging  to  the  Indian  Archip«lagr,. 
From  200  miles  to  500  miles  N.W.  are  the  Moluocu,  ur 
Spice  Islands,  in  the  widest  sense,  and  N.  by  W.  from  tbci<e 
again  are  the  Philip])ine  Islands,  the  largest  of  which 
group,  Luzon,  reaches  the  17th  parallel  of  N.  latitude. 
Thus  the  Archipelago  has  an  extreme  length  of  45°  and  a 
breadth  of  28°.  With  the  exception  of  the  Philippinct, 
which  still  belong  to  Spain,  the  islands  of  Pcnang,  Singiw 
pore,  Labuan,  and  the  settlement  of  Sarawak,  on  the  \V, 
coast  of  Borneo,  which  belong  to  Great  Britain,  and  the  N, 
and  N.W.  portions  of  the  island  of  Borneo,  the  Sooloo  And 
some  other  islands,  under  native  potentates,  the  whole  of 
this  vast  archipelago  is  cither  really  or  nominally  under 
the  sway  of  the  Netherlands.  The  Portuguese  have  alio  a 
few  small  possessions  here. 

Within  the  limits  here  pointed  out  lie  some  of  the  largest 
and  finest  islands  in  the  world,  as  Borneo,  Sumatra,  Java, 
Celebes,  Luzon,  &c.  The  fertile  and  cultivated  islands  of 
less  size,  extending  E.  to  the  Spice  Islands,  aro  Ni:is,  Man-' 
tawi,  Poggy,  Billiton,  Banca,  Madura,  Bali,  Lombok,  Sum- 
bawa,  Comodo,  Sandalwood  Island,  Flores,  or  Mangarai, 
Timor,  Coram,  Booro,  Gilolo,  Mindanao,  Palawan,  Negrui,| 
Samar,  Mindoro,  Panay,  Leyte,  and  Zebu.  Numerous 
groups  are  scattered  throughout  the  Archipelago,  consi«t-i 
ing  each  of  hundreds  of  islands,  many  of  tlicra  celebrated 
by  the  natives  for  their  beauty  and  fertility,  but  they  bars 
never  been  surveyed,  and  aro  avoided  by  European  navi- 
gators, who  dread  not  only  the  hidden  dangers  of  coral 
banks,  but  also  the  piratical  habits  of  the  natives. 

Geological  Constitution, — The  islands  which  form  the  S. 
line  of  the  Archipelago  are  all  mountainous,  and  tbo  chief! 
summits  are  volcanic.  Many  of  them  are  still  active  vol- 
canoes. The  line  of  volcanic  action  may  bo  traced,  on  tha 
W.  side,  through  Sumatra  to  Chittagong,  in  the  Bay  of 
Bengal.  On  the  E.  side  it  reaches  the  meridian  of  130* 
E.,  nearly  under  which  are  the  little  volcanic  islands  of 
Nila  and  Seroa,  in  the  Sea  of  Banda.  It  then  incline! 
N.W.  to  the  little  islands  lying  on  the  W.  of  Gilolo,  which 
are  all  volcanic.  Thence  the  volcanic  line  may  bo  traced 
through  the  Philippines  and  Japan  to  Kamchatka.  Gold' 
is  found  in  various  places,  especially  in  Borneo  nnd  Su- 
matra; extensive  tin-mines  in  Banca;  silver,  cop)ior,  and 
iron  in  other  localities;  diamonds  are  found  in  Borneo; 
sulphur  is  abundant,  as  are  also  lignite,  naphtha,  and 
asphaltum;  coal  is  found  in  Luzon  and  other  localities,  and 
native  salt  is  procured  from  Java. 

The  principal  entrances  to  the  Malay  Archipelago  from 
the  E.  are  Gilolo  Passage  and  Dampier's  Strait,  by  the  coast 
of  New  Guinea,  while  the  Straits  of  MaLacca  and  of  Sunda 
give  access  from  the  W.,  and  the  Straits  of  Lombok,  Allasi, 
Ombay,  Ac,  from  the  S. 

The  Archipelago  lies  for  the  most  part  close  to  the  equa- 
tor, which  passes  through  Sumatra,  Borneo,  Celebes,  and 
Gilolo.  This  entire  region  is  excepted  from  the  general  law 
of  the  trade-winds,  which,  on  the  N.  and  S.  sides  of  the 
line  respectively,  blow  constantly  from  the  N.E.  and  S.E. 
Within  the  Archipelago,  and  thence  W.  to  the  coast  of 
Africa,  the  monsoons,  that  is,  season  winds,  prevail,  blow- 
ing alternately  from  the  S.E.  and  N.W.  But  these  winds, 
though  locally  regular  and  constant,  vary  much  from  place 
to  place,  and  E.  of  Celebes  the  seasons  are  reversed.  The 
North  Philippine  Islands  alone  fall  within  the  region  of; 
hurricanes  and  boisterous  winds.  | 

The  first  division  of  the  Archipelago,  founded  on  natoralj 
features,  embraces  Sumatra,  Java,  Bali,  Lombok,  and  abour 
two-thirds  of  the  W.  part  of  Borneo  to  the  meridian  of  UO'j 
E.  Ion.  So  far  there  is  a  general  uniformity  of  animal  sno 
vegetable  productions.  The  soil  is  extremely  fertile.  Ri« 
is  the  general  food  of  the  people,  who  have  made  a  consid- 
erable advance  in  the  arts  and  habits  of  civilized  life.  Tbi 
second  division,  comprehending  Celebes,  Booton,  and  Eaci 
Borneo,  up  to  lat.  3°  N.,  is,  in  soil,  food,  and  civilization 
inferior  to  the  first.  Rice  is  here  no  longer  abundant,  am 
sago  often  supplies  its  place.  The  third  division  extend 
from  Ion.  124°  to  130°  E.,  and  between  lat.  10°  S.  and  2 
N.    Hero  nature  takes  a  new  aspect.    The  rich  vcgetatiui 


I 


MAL 


1743 


MAL 


the  western  islands  is  seen  only  on  the  sea-shore ;  the 
lis  are  comparatively  bare  and  arid.  But  this  is  the 
gion  in  which  alone  the  clove  and  nutmeg  attain  perfec- 
m.  Yet  the  soil  is  not  fertile,  rice  is  rare,  and  the  staple 
)d  in  this  division  is  sago.  The  inhabitants  are  much 
ferior  to  those  farther  W.,  and  have  never  acquired  the 

0  of  letters.  The  clove  was  originally  found  only  on  the 
0  Molucca  Islands,  chiefly  on  Machian,  whence  it  was 
rried  toAmboyna,  to  which  spot  its  cultivation  was  long 
itricted  by  the  Dutch.  The  fourth,  less  distinctly  marked 
in  the  preceding,  lies  between  the  parallels  of  4°  and  10° 
,  from  Ion.  11(3°  to  128°  E.,  including  the  N.  angle  of 
irneo,  the  Sooloo  Islands,  and  Mindanao.  The  inhab- 
.nts  are  superior  to  those  of  the  third  division.  Rice  is 
eir  chief  food,  but  sago  also  is  much  used.  The  clove 
d  nutmeg  are  here  indigenous,  but  inferior  in  quality  to 
MC  growing  farther  S.  The  fifth  division  is  that  of  the 
lilippine  Islands,  from  lat.  10°  to  18°  N.  Hero  a  humid 
mate  and  volcanic  soil  reappear,  and  with  them  exuber- 
t  fertility.  Rice  again  becomes  abundant.  Sugar  and 
)acco  are  produced,  but  pepper,  fine  spices,  and  some  of 
9  fruits  of  the  islands  near  the  equator  are  wanting.  The 
rth western  islands  are  Asiatic  in  animal  and  vegetable 
•ms;  the  extreme  southern  ones  approach  the  Australa- 
m  character,  and  others  share  the  features  of  the  two. 
In  the  woods  of  Sumatra  and  Java  most  of  the  trees 
ceed  100  feet  in  height.  But  the  density  of  the  vegeta- 
in  is  still  more  astonishing  than  the  vigor  of  individual 
ints.  In  the  struggle  for  space  and  air,  plants  of  different 
nds  become  piled  one  over  the  other.  Teak,  mango,  fig, 
usa,  sandal,  ebony,  and  other  great  trees  are  mingled  with 
.Ims  of  endless  variety  and  gigantic  forms  j  while  climb- 
g  plants,  frequently  canes,  interwoven  from  tree  to  tree, 
nd  the  whole  together  and  render  the  forest  utterly  im- 
netrable.     The  tendency  to  climb  characterizes  the  vege- 

ion  of  the  Archipelago.  Stems  a  foot  or  more  in  diam- 
r,  and  belonging  to  species  which  elsewhere  grow  without 
port,  here  twine  themselves  round  the  giants  of  the 
■csts.  The  inexhaustible  supply  of  great  timber  afforded 
these  woods  is  to  the  natives  of  far  less  importance  than 
cocoa-nut,  the  bamboo,  and  numerous  slender  palms 
ich  adorn  the  coasts. 

nhahitanu. — In  the  Malay  Archipelago  there  are  two 
riginal  races.     One,  of  Malay  extraction,  has  a  brown 
fair  complexion,  the  other  is  the  Papuan  or  negrillo  race, 
"  is  black.    The  brown  race  are  about  4  inches  below  the 
rage  European  stature.     They  are  robust  and  somewhat 
msy ;  the  face  is  square,  with  hollow  cheeks  and  project- 
jaws,  large  mouth,  small  nose,  small  black  eyes,  and 
k  hair.     The  Battahs  of  Sumatra  and  the  Dyaks  of 
jmeo,  who  are  among  the  fairest,  live  under  the  equator; 
Javanese,  the  most  civilized  and  most  luxurious,  are 
ong  the  darkest.     The  Papuas  rarely  attain  the  height 
5  feet,  and  have  feeble  frames ;  the  skin  is  of  a  sooty 
:k ;  the  chin  retreats  so  as  to  form  no  part  of  the  face ; 
lips  are  very  prominent,  the  look  wild  and  malign. 
'|ey  increase  in  numbers  towards  the  E.,  and  are  the  sole 
isessors  of  Papua  or  New  Guinea.    Wherever  found  they 
m  to  be  in  the  lowest  stage  of  civilization, 
n  unusually  large  proportion  of  the  whole  population 
0  maritime  habits.     Their  chief  towns  are  in  many  in- 
nces  built  over  the  water,  the  bamboo  houses  being  con- 
ctcd  on  stakes.     They  often  shelter  an  entire  village 
er  a  single  roof.     Even  the  least  civilized  tribes  of  the 
aks  construct  houses  on  piles,  10  or  20  feet  above  the 
und,  large  enough  to  lodge  500  people.     The  natives  are 
Iful  boat-builders,  and  their  prahoos,  often  of  60  tons 
'den,  are  excellent  specimens  of  naval  architecture. 
"alay  Peninsula,  called  also  Malac'ca,  or  Ma- 
a,mi-li'yi  (anc.  Cherione'sitg  Aii'rea),  the  most  south- 
portion  of  Continental  Asia,  forming  the  S.  part  of  the 
|iinsula  of  Farther  India,  mostly  between  lat.  1°  and  13° 
and  Ion.  98°  and  104°  E.,  connected  northward  to  Lower 
m  by  the  Isthmus  of  Kraw,  and  having  on  the  E.  the 
(If  of  Siam  and  China  Sea,  and  on  the  S.  and  W.  the 
5 [ait  of  Malacca.     Malaya  proper,  or  Malacca,  extends 
fm  lat.  1°  20'  to  7°  N.     Estimated  area,  45,000  square 
lies,  and  pop.  about  .375,000.     The  country,  as  far  as  lat. 
fS.,  comprising  the  states  of  Ligor  and  Quedah,  is  claimed 
1  Siam;  S.  of  which  it  is  subdivided  among  many  small 
i;ive  states, — the  principal  being  Perak,  Johore,  Pahang, 
]  lantan.  Tringany,  and  llumbowe,  besides  the  British  ter- 
Dries  of  Malacca,  Naning,  and  the  province  of  Wellesley. 

1  centre  is  traversed  throughout  by  a  mountain-chain, 
ling  from  3000  to  6000  feet  in  height,  but  decreasing  on 
Bceeding  to  the  S.,  where,  however,  the  detached  Mount 

hir  is  estimated  to  rise  to  5700  feet  in  elevation.    The 


surface  is  well  watered  and  finely  timbered.  The  popula- 
tion consists  principally  of  Siamese,  Malays,  and  Chinese. 
Principal  towns,  Malacca,  Quedah,  Salangore,  Johore,  1  n- 
tany,  and  Pahang. Adj.  Malayan,  mal-i'sin,  and  Ma- 
lay, mal-4' ;  inhab.  Malay. 

Malayta,  mi-li't4,  an  island  in  the  South  Pacifio 
Ocean.     Lat.  (S.  point)  9°  45'  S.;  Ion.  161°  39'  24"  E. 

Mai  Bale,  m41  bi,  a  beautiful  bay  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Gasp6  CO.,  Quebec,  about  6  miles  wide  by  4  miles  broad. 
Near  its  S.  point  a  remarkable  rock  rises  about  200  feet  out 
of  the  water.  It  is  about  1200  feet  wide,  and  contains  3 
arches  wrought  by  nature,  the  centre  one  of  which  is  sufii- 
ciently  large  to  admit  a  boat  under  sail  to  pass  through. 

Mai  Bale,  a  river  of  Quebec,  rises  in  Charlevoix  co., 
and  falls  into  the  St.  Lawrence  at  Murray  Bay.  Several 
lakes  at  its  head  abound  with  trout. 

Mai  Baie,  a  river  of  the  co.  of  Gasp6,  Quebec,  midway 
between  Gasp6  Basin  and  Perc6,  empties  into  Mai  Bale. 
It  is  frequented  by  salmon  and  trout. 

Mai  ilaie,  a  village  of  Quebec.     See  Muuray  Bay. 

Malberg,  mirbfiuG,  or  Mailberg,  mil'biRG,  a  mar- 
ket-town of  Lower  Austria.     Pop.  1293. 

Malbodium,  the  Latin  name  of  MAnBEUGE. 

Malburgeth,  mirbi5ou-gh6t',  or  Malborgeth,  miP- 
bou^ghdt',  a  town  of  Austria,  21  miles  S.AV.  of  Villach,  in 
a  narrow  pass,  on  the  Fella. 

Maiburgetum,  the  Latin  name  of  MAUBOURGtrET. 

Malchin,  mil-Keen',  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Mecklen- 
burg-Schwerin,  between  Lakes  Malchin  and  Cummer,  24 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Gustrow.  Pop.  6350.  Chief  industries, 
weaving  and  tanning. 

Malchow,  mil'KOV,  a  town  of  Germany,  grand  duchy 
of  Mecklenburg-Schwerin,  on  an  island  in  Lake  Malchow, 
11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Waren.  Pop.  3368.  It  has  important 
manufactures  of  woollen  cloths. 

Malcolm,  mal'kom,  a  station  in  Vigo  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
railroad  from  Terre  Haute  to  Vandalia,  111.,  5  miles  W.  of 
Terre  Haute. 

Malcolm,  or  Malcom,  a  post-village  in  Malcolm 
township,  Poweshiek  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island 
<fe  Pacific  Railroad,  64  miles  E.  of  Des  Moines,  and  26  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Marengo.  It  has  a  bank,  2  churches,  a  high 
school,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  furniture,  &c.  Pop. 
of  village,  353 ;  of  township,  additional,  722. 

Malcolm,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
Nebraska  Railroad,  11  miles  N.AV.  of  Lincoln. 

Malda,  Maldah,  mawl'di,  or  Old  Maldah,a  town 
of  Bengal,  Maldah  district,  on  the  Mahananda,  5  miles  N.AV. 
of  Angrazabad  (to  which  the  name  Maldah  is  sometimes 
incorrectly  given).  It  is  built  of  brick,  but  is  much  decayed. 
It  is  the  seat  of  a  large  trade.     Pop.  5262. 

Malda,  or  Maldah,  a  district  of  Bengal,  bounded  W. 
and  S.W.  by  the  Ganges.  Lat.  24°  30'-25°  22.5'  N. ;  Ion. 
87°  48'-88°  33.5' E.  Area,  1807  square  miles.  The  W.  part 
is  level  and  very  fertile,  but  subject  to  overflow.  The  E. 
portion,  once  densely  peopled,  is  now  a  fever-smitten  jungle, 
full  of  tigers  and  serpents.  Rice,  grain,  silk,  and  indigo  are 
leading  products.     Capital,  Angrazabad.     Pop.  676,426. 

Maldeghem,  mil'deh-gh5m\  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
East  Flanders,  17  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Ghent.  Pop.  7868, 
engaged  in  tobacco-factories,  oil-mills,  breweries,  and  cotton- 
printing-works. 

Maiden,  mawl'd?n,  a  post-village  of  Bureau  co..  111., 
in  Berlin  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy 
Railroad,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Princeton,  and  about  16  miles 
W.N.AV.  of  La  Salle.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  carriage- 
shop.     Pop.  about  250. 

Maiden,  a  city  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  a  small 
river  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the  Boston  &  Maine  Rail- 
road and  the  Saugus  Branch  of  the  Eastern  Railroad,  5 
miles  N.  of  Boston.  It  has  several  churches,  2  newspaper 
ofiSces,  a  national  bank,  a  high  school,  a  savings-bank,  and 
manufactures  of  rubber  boots  and  shoes,  cords  and  tassels, 
sandpaper,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  23,031. 

Maiden,  a  post-village  of  Dunklin  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Little  River  Valley  &  Arkansas  Railroad,  27  miles  W.  of 
New  Madrid.  It  is  in  a  cotton-growing  district,  and  has 
a  church,  a  newspaper  office,  4  cotton-gins,  a  saw-mill, 
marble-works,  <fcc.     Pop.  943. 

Maiden,  a  post-village  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Sauger- 
ties  township,  on  the  Hudson  River,  2  miles  .ibove  Sauger- 
ties,  and  42  miles  below  Albany.  It  has  2  churches.  It 
has  an  extensive  trade  in  building-stone  (blue-stone),  which 
is  quarried  here.     Pop.  about  400. 

Maiden,  a  post-village  of  Kanawha  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Chesapeake  <t  Ohio  Railway,  about  5  miles  S.E.  of  Charles- 
ton.    Pop.  355. 


MAL 


1744 


MAL 


Maiden  Branch,  a  post-ofBce  of  Dryan  oo.,  Oa. 

Maiden  Uridpet  n  ]><>!<t-village  of  Columbia  oo.,  N.Y., 
in  Chatham  township,  on  KinJerhouk  Crock,  2  milos  from 
Chatham  Station,  and  about  18  milos  S.S.K.  of  Albany.  It 
has  2  churoho,<,  a  paper-mill,  and  a  pump-factory. 

Maiden  Island,  an  island  in  the  Pacifio  Oooan,  bo- 
longing  to  Oroat  Britain.  Lat.  (8.  point)  3°  58'  30"  S. ; 
Ion.  165°  W.  It  is  of  low  ooral  formation,  and  about  12  or 
14  milos  in  extent.     Pop.  70.     It  affords  guano. 

Maldercn,  m&l'd^h-rdn',  a  village  of  Belgium,  on  the 
StoenbutTolsohe-Beek,  15  miles  N.N.W.  of  Brussels. 

Maldive  (mal'dlv)  Islands,  or  Malcdiva,  m&M&- 
deo'v&  ("Thousand  Isles"),  a  ohain  of  islands,  Indian 
Ocean,  between  lat.  0°  45'  S.  and  7°  6'  N.  and  Ion.  72°  48' 
and  73°  48'  E.,  about  300  milos  S.W.  of  India,  and  separated 
N.  from  Minicoy  and  the  Laccadivos  by  the  8  and  0  degrees 
channels.  They  are  of  coral  formation,  and  arranged  in  17 
round  and  oval  groups,  termed  atolla,  surrounded  and  pro- 
tected by  coral  reefs.  The  larger  islands  are  well  wooded 
with  palms,  ka.,  and  produce  millet,  coir,  cocoa-nuts,  escu- 
lent roots,  fruits,  and  poultry.  The  smaller  are  mere  barren 
islets.  Cowry-fishing  is  an  important  pursuit.  Pop.  of  the 
whole,  about  150,000.  They  are  Mohammedans,  and  live 
under  a  sultan,  who  resides  on  the  island  of  Male  and  sends 
tribute  to  the  Briiish. 

Mal-di-Ventre,  mll-deo-v8n'tri,  an  island  of  the 
Mediterranean,  off  the  W.  coast  of  Sardinia,  5  milos  S.W. 
of  Cape  Mannu.     It  is  5  miles  long. 

Maldon,  m&l'd^n,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Essex, 
on  the  Chelmer,  and  on  a  railway,  10  miles  E.  of  Chelms- 
ford. It  has  several  ancient  churches,  a  grammar-school, 
a  largo  national  school,  a  valuable  library,  several  charities, 
an  ancient  town  ball,  a  jail,  and  large  barracks,  with  im- 
ports of  coal,  iron,  and  timber,  and  exports  of  fish  and 
agricultural  produce.  Vessels  of  considerable  burden  ap- 
proach the  town.  It  sends  a  member  to  the  House  of  Com- 
mons. Silk,  salt,  beer,  castings,  and  farm-machinery  are 
manufactured.     Pop.  (1891)  5397. 

Maldonado,  mil-do-ni'do,  a  fortified  seaport  town  of 
Uruguay,  on  the  N.E.  shore  of  the  Plata  estuary,  60  miles 
K.  of  Montevideo.  Lat.  of  the  island  Goriti,  which  shel- 
ters ite  harbor,  84°  57'  2"  S. ;  Ion.  54°  57'  35"  W.  It  is 
regularly  built,  and  has  a  large  public  square. 

Male,  mi'li,  or  Mohl,  mol,  the  principal  island  of  the 
Maldive  group,  a  little  N.  of  its  centre,  almost  circular, 
having  a  circumference  of  nearly  5  miles.  It  is  tho  resi- 
dence of  the  sultan,  and  the  scat  of  his  government,  and 
was  once  completely  fortified  by  a  wall  and  bastions.  Pop. 
nearly  2000. 

Mule,  ml'lA  or  mi'l^h,  a  town  of  Austria,  Tyrol,  60 
miles  from  Trent,  on  the  Noce.     Pop.  1012. 

Malea  Promontorium.    See  Cape  Maua. 

Malebum,  mi-le-bam',  a  town  of  Nopaul,  on  the  Gun- 
duck,  138  miles  N,\V.  of  Khatmandoo. 

Maledictus,  the  Latin  name  of  Moxtmedy. 

Malediva,  islands.    See  Maldivk  Islands. 

Malekra,  mil'e-krl,  a  neat  town  of  tho  Punjab,  near 
tho  S.  range  of  the  Himalaya  Mountains. 

Maleniort,  mdrmoa',  a  village  of  France,  in  Vaucluse, 
0  miles  S.E.  of  Carpentras.     Pop.  1350. 

Male-Myn,  ma'li-min',  a  town  of  Burmah,  on  the 
Irrawaddy,  76  miles  N.  of  Ava,  contains  about  800  houses. 

Malenowitz,  mU'li-no^^its,  a  town  of  Moravia,  12 
miles  N.N.E,  of  Hradisch.     Pop.  1140. 

Maleo,  mi-l&'o,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  17  miles 
S.E.  of  Lodi.     Pop.  4098. 

Malerkot'la,  a  native  state  of  India,  in  the  Punjab, 
on  the  Sirhind  plain.   Area,  164  square  miles.   Pop.  46,200. 

Malesherbes,  mM^zaiab',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loiret, 
on  tho  Essonne,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Pithiviers.  Pop.  1847. 
Uere  is  the  fine  chateau  of  Malesherbes. 

Malfi,  mil'fee,  a  village  of  Dalmatia,  7  miles  N.W.  of 
Rngusa,  on  a  bay  of  tho  Adriatic.     Pop.  of  commune,  3907. 

Ma  I  gar,  m&l-gaR',  a  town  of  Kussia,  in  Transcaucasia, 
on  a  small  affluent  of  the  Choruk,  and  on  the  Turkish 
boundary,  8  miles  S.  of  Artveen. 

Malgarah,  Malghara,  mfll'gill-ril,  or  Migalgara, 
ino-gll'gi-ri,  a  walled  town  of  European  Turkey,  province 
of  Roumelia,  33  miles  N.N.E.  of  Gallipoli.     Pop.  2500. 

Malgrat,  mil -grit',  a  seaport  town  of  Spain,  37  miles 
N.E.  of  Barcelona,  on  the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  3287. 

Malguduac,  miPgi^nik',  a  village  of  France,  in  Mor- 
bihan,  4  miles  W.  of  Pontivy.     Pop.  1752. 

Malhar,  miirhar',  or  MuPhar',  a  town  of  Bengal, 
Boglipoor  district.     Pop.  3177. 

Malheur  (mal-oor')  River,  Oregon,  rises  near  the  S.E. 
base  of  the  Blue  Mountains,  drains  port  of  Baker  co.,  and 


enters  Snake  River  on  tho  boundary  between  Idaho  ud 
Oregon,  near  lat.  44°  8'  N. 

Maliacus  Sinus,  Greece.    See  Gulf  op  Lamia. 

Malianum  Fulcimensium.    See  Maqlans. 

Malicorne,  m&Meo^koim',  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Sartlu, 
8  miles  N.  of  La  Flooho,  on  the  Sarthe.     Pop.  15U9. 

Malig'nant  Cove,  a  post-village  in  Antigonish  oo 
Nova  Scotia,  on  Northumberland  Strait,  36  miles  N.JJ.  of 
New  Glasgow.     Pop.  150. 

Maligrama,  a  town  of  India.    See  Mullioadm. 

Mal'in,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Donegal,  10  milM 
N.  by  E.  of  Londonderry. 

Malines,  a  city  of  Belgium.    See  Mechlin. 

Maliii  Ilcnd,  a  promontory  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Don*, 
gal.     Lat.  55°  22'  N. ;  Ion.  7°  24'  W. 

Malinipa  Island,  Sooloo  Archipelago.    See  Coco. 

Malka,  m&l'k&,  a  river  of  Russia,  in  Ciscaucasia,  joint 
the  Terek  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Mosdok,  after  a  courw  of 
about  110  miles. 

Mai 'lard  Creek,  a  township  of  Mecklenburg  oo.,  N  C 
Pop.  1430. 

Mallare,  mil-li'ri,  or  Mallere,  mil-U'ri,  a  villagt 
of  Italy,  7  miles  from  Cairo.     Pop.  1597. 

Mallaviily,  mil-l&-vil'lee,  or  Mallivalli,  milMoe- 
vil'lee,  a  fortified  town  of  Southern  India,  Mysore,  26  milei 
E.  of  Seringapatam.     Pop.  5114. 

Mallemort,  miri§h-mou',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Bouches-du-RhOno,  28  miles  E.N.E.  of  Aries.    Pop.  1023. 

Mallen,  mil-ySn'  (anc.  Man' Hat),  a  town  of  Spain, 
Aragon,  39  miles  N.W.  of  Saragossa.     Pop.  28G3. 

Mal'let  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Medina  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Cleveland,  Tuscarawas  Valley  &  Wheeling  Railroad  (at 
York  Station),  4  miles  N.W.  of  Medina.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  grist-mill,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  planing-uiill. 

Mal'lia,  a  town  of  India,  in  Kattywar,  on  the  S.  ihor« 
of  the  Runn  of  Cutch. 

Maliiagaum,  a  town  of  India.    See  Mullioacu. 

Mallicollo,  mil-le-kol'lo,  a  large  island  of  the  New 
Hebrides,  60  miles  long  and  28  broad,  lat.  16°  W  S, 
Ion.  167°  50'  E.,  S.E.  of  Espiritu  Santo.  It  is  low,  well 
watered,  and  fertile,  but  inhabited  by  a  race  apparently  in 
the  lowest  stage  of  barbarism. 

Mal'ling,  West  Mailing,  or  Town-Mailing,  s 
town  of  England,  in  Kent,  5i  miles  W.N.W.  of  Maidstone. 
Pop.  of  parish,  2326. 

Mallivalli,  a  town  of  India.    See  Mallavilly. 

Mallorca,  an  island  of  Spain.    See  Majorca. 

Mal'lory,  a  township  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  1149. 

Mallory,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Iowa. 

Mallory,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Syracuse  Northern  Railroad,  22  miles  N.  of  Syracuse.  It 
bos  a  church. 

Mallory's  Ford,  a  hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
North  Anna  River,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Madison  Run  Statiun 
It  has  a  church  iind  a  tannery. 

Mal'lorysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilkes  co.,  Ga.,al)ont 
70  miles  W.N.W.  of  Augusta. 

Mal'lorytown,  a  post-village  in  Leeds  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  138  miles  W.S.W.  of  iMuii 
treal.     It  contains  several  stores  and  a  hotel.     Pop.  3O0. 

Mal'loryville,  a  station  in  Tompkins  co.,  N.\.,  on  the  i 
Utica,  Ithaca  <fc  Elmira  Railroad,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Frecville. 

Mal'Iow,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  17  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Cork,  on  the  Blackwater,  at  a  railway  junction.  It  is 
picturesquely  situated,  with  many  elegant  seats  in  the 
vicinity.  It  has  a  handsome  modern  and  tho  ruinj  of  | 
an  ancient  church,  a  Roman  Catholic  chapel,  court-bouse,  i 
jail,  workhouse,  barracks,  infirmary,  news-rooms,  and  the 
hottest  mineral  spring  in  Ireland.  The  borough  sends  one 
member  to  the  House  of  Commons.     Pop.  4761. 

Malmaison,  mirmd'zAs"',  a  chateau  in  France,  de- 
partment of  Seine,  4i  miles  W.  of  Paris,  celebrated  U 
having  been  the  residence  of  the  Empress  Josephine. 

Malmaison,  mal-ma's9n,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pittsyl-  1 
vania  co.,  Va.,  10  miles  N.  of  Danville.  It  has  a  steam  ) 
saw-mill  and  a  coach-factory.  Tobacco  of  superior  quality  ' 
is  produced  here. 

Malmaison,  Quebec.    See  Des  Rivieres. 

Malmedy,  mirm§h-dc,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  2s 
miles  S.  of  Aix-la-Chapelle,  on  tho  Wargo.  Pop.  6671.  1' 
has  extensive  tanneries,  and  manufactories  of  woollen  cloth, 
muslins,  soap,  and  potash,  mineral  springs,  and  near  it  the 
ruins  of  an  ancient  imperial  abbey. 

Malmesbury,  m4mz'b§r-c,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Wilts,  nearly  enclosed  by  the  Avon,  19i  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Bath.  Pop.  2964.  It  was  the  seat  of  a  splendid  abbey, 
of  which  little  now  remains  except  a  portion  used  as  tie 


MAL 


1745 


MAL 


trish  church,  with  a  tomb  roputod  to  be  that  of  King 
thclftivn.  It  has  vestiges  of  ancient  fortifications.  The 
anufacturo  of  woollen  cloth,  formerly  the  chief  branch, 
iS  given  way  to  wool-stapling.  It  sends  one  member  to 
e  House  of  Commons. 

JHalmish,  or  Malmych,  rall-mish',  a  town  of  Russia, 
vernment  of  Viatka,  80  miles  N.N.E.  of  Kazan,  on  the 
fttka.     Pop.  2(518. 

Malmd,  mal'mo  or  mil'mij,  a  seaport  town  of  Sweden, 
pital  of  a  lasn,  on  the  Sound,  and  in  one  of  the  most  fer- 
e  districts  of  the  kingdom,  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Copen- 
,gen.  Lat.  55°  36'  6"  N.;  Ion.  13°  E.  It  is  an  inipor- 
at  railway  terminus,  and  was  formerly  a  place  of  strength, 
t  the  fortifications  liave  been  removed.  The  principal 
ildings  are  two  churches,  one  of  them  possessed  of  a  largo 
tan  and  costly  monuments  ;  the  old  castle,  still  surrounded 
[walls  and  ditches,  and  occupied  partly  as  a  barracks ; 
»  governor's  house,  town  house,  liospital,  and  theatre. 
to  staple  manufactures  are  gloves.  The  trade,  much 
amped  by  the  want  of  a  good  harbor,  is  chiefly  in  grain 
id  whisky.  A  steamer  plies  regularly  between  Malmo, 
Ipenhagen,  and  Lubeck.  Pop.  (IS90)  48,504. 
pualmdhas,  mil'mo-hooce,  or  Malmo,  a  fertile  prov- 
loe  or  laen  of  Sweden,  at  its  S.W.  extremity,  having  S.  the 
Mtic,  and  W.  the  Sound.  Area,  1781  square  miles.  Pop. 
B90)  368,820, 

[Maluate,  mll-ni'ti,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  13 
lies  E.N.E.  of  Como.  Pop.  of  commune,  2461. 
{Malo,  mi'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Vi- 
pjia,  on  the  Torlo.  Pop.  4803.  It  has  saltpetre-works. 
[Malo  Archangelsk,  mi'lo  an-k4ng-gh4lsk',  a  town 
!  Russia  in  Europe,  government  of  Olonets,  55  miles  N.E. 
i  Kargopol. 

jMalo  Archangelsk,  a  town  of  Russia  in  Europe,  gov- 
hmcnt  and  85  miles  S.E.  of  Orel.     Pop.  4891. 

gfaloi,  an  island  of  Siberia.    See  Malvi. 
laloi-Yaroslavitz,  mi'loi-yJ,-ro-sl.\'vits,  a  town  of 
lissia,  government  and  38  miles  N.  of  Kalooga,  on  the 
|osha.     Pop.  5173. 

Malone,  ma-lon',  a  township,  Tazewell  co..  111.  P.  710. 
pUalone,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa,  in  Eden 
ijvnship,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  14 
lies  W.  of  Clinton  City.  It  has  a  church. 
Malone,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Franklin  co.,  N.Y., 
i  Malone  township,  on  Salmon  River,  and  on  the  Ogdcns- 
Irg  A  Lake  Champlain  Railroad,  61  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
(densburg,  and  57  miles  W.  of  Rouse's  Point.  A  bridge 
Ire  crosses  the  river,  which  affords  extensive  water-power 
J  J  flows  in  a  deep  valley.  Malone  is  pleasantly  situ- 
(id  in  a  rich  farming  country.  It  contains  7  churches, 
National  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  an  academj',  2  iron- 
llindries,  2  woollen-factories,  a  paper-mill,  3  flouring- 
iflls,  a  tannery,  and  2  machine-shops.  Here  is  a  quarry 
cPot^dam  sandstone.  The  machine-  and  repair-shops  of 
t|!  railroad  located  here  are  on  a  large  scale.  Pop.  in 
1,^0,  4986;  of  the  township,  8991. 
Malone,  a  post-office  of  Fond  du  Lac  co..  Wis. 
jTlalone,  or  Pow'ell's  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Has- 
tes CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  river  Moira,  36  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Jlleville.  Here  are  gold-mines.  It  contains  quartz-mills, 
sfouring-mill,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  300. 

Ilalone's  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Coahoma  co..  Miss. 

jtlalonne,  miMonn',  a  town  of  Belgium,  3  miles  S.W. 
ciNamur,  on  the  Sambre.     Pop.  2700. 

jllalonuo,  mi-lon'no,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  42 
ifes  N.E.  of  Bergamo.     Pop.  2317. 

iMaloo,  ma,Moo',  a  town  of  India,  25  miles  W,  of  Sir- 
lid.     Lat.  30°  38'  N. ;  Ion.  75°  58'  E. 

MaMott'  Park,  a  post-hamlet  in  AVashington  township, 
Iirion  CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Peru  <fc  Chicago 
lilroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  a  church,  a 
rfroad  station,  and  8  or  9  houses. 

ialouines,  Atlantic  Ocean.    See  Falkland  Islands. 

tialpartida  de   Caceres,  mil-pan-tee'Di  di  kS,'- 

-ris,  a  town  of  Spain,  50  miles  N.N.E.  of  Caceres.    Pop. 

5. 

lalpartida  de  la  Serena,  mil-pan-tee'Di  di  li 
Bri'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  Estremadura,  65  miles  E.S.E.  of 
llajos.    Pop.  1769. 

falpartida  de  Placencia,  mai-paR-tee'oi  di  pli- 

'she-ior  pli-thSn'the-i,  a  village  of  Spain,  Estremadura, 

miles  N.  by  E.  of  Caceres.     Pop.  2251. 

fal'pas,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  14  miles  S.S.B.  of 

ister.  The  town  is  pleasantly  situated,  haa  a  richly- 
o|amented  church,  built  about  the  time  of  Henry  VII.,  a 
gjmmar-school,  Alport's  School,  and  several  other  charities. 

falpeque.  Prince  Edward  Island.    See  Pkincetown. 


Malplaquet,  mirpli^ki',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord, 
arrondissement  of  Avesnes,  memorable  for  the  victory  of 
Marlborough  and  Prince  Eugene  over  the  French  in  1709. 

Malpoora,  mil-poo'ri,  a  town  of  India,  Rajpootana, 
35  miles  P].S.E.  of  Krishnuggur. 

Malsch,  milsh,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Baden,  6  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Rastadt.     Pop.  3544. 

Malsch,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Baden,  14  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Mannheim.     Pop.  1355. 

Mals-Elf,  ma.ls-61f',  a  river  of  Norway,  falls  into  the 
Malunger-Fiord  about  lat.  69°  N.     Length,  80  miles. 

Malsen,  mil-sSn'  or  m&l-sdn',  or  Malsesine,  mil-si- 
seo'n.\,  a  village  of  Italy,  23  miles  N.N.W.  of  Verona,  on 
the  Lake  of  Garda. 

Millstrdm,  Norway.    See  Maelstrom. 

Malta,  mawl'ta  (It.  pron.  mdl'ti;  Fr.  Affilte,  xniAt ;  ano. 
Mel'itii),  an  island  in  the  Mediterranean,  belonging  to  Great 
Britain,  62  miles  S.S.W.  of  Sicily,  and  197  miles  N.  of 
Africa.  Lat.  35°  53'  48"  N. ;  Ion.  14°  31'  15"  E.  Greatest 
length,  17  miles;  central  breadth,  about  9  miles.  Area,  98 
square  miles.  It  is  of  an  irregular  and  oval  shape,  deeply 
indented  on  all  sides  except  the  S.,  where  the  coast  forms  a 
continuous  and  almost  unbroken  line.  The  largest  bays  are 
those  of  Marsa  and  Sirocco  on  the  S.W.,  and  Melleha  and 
St.  Paul's  on  the  N.E. ;  but  the  most  important  in  every 
respect  is  the  double  bay  formed  by  the  opposite  sides  of 
the  remarkable  peninsula  on  which  the  capital,  Valetta, 
stands.  The  S.AV.  coast  is  remarkably  bold,  having  not  a 
single  opening  in  which  a  vessel  can  take  refuge.  The  sur- 
face is  very  much  broken  by  rocks,  which  pierce  it  in  all 
directions,  and  are  almost  destitute  of  any  covering  of  soil, 
leaving  few  intervening  spaces  which  can  bo  brought  under 
regular  culture.  The  culminating  point,  which  occurs  near 
the  S.W.  coast,  does  not  exceed  1200  feet.  The  rocks  are  all 
stratified,  and  arranged  in  nearly  parallel  layers,  with  a  very 
gentle  dip,  generally  from  N.E.  to  E.  by  N.  They  are  dis- 
posed in  4  distinct  groups,  consisting  of  coral  limestone, 
yellow  sandstone  and  blue  clay,  the  former  above  in  beds 
about  20  feet  thick,  abounding  in  fossils,  the  latter  from 
100  to  120  feet  thick,  sandstone,  and  a  yellowish  white  semj- 
crystalline  limestone,  forming  an  excellent  building-stone. 
The  range  of  temperature  seldom  exceeds  6°  in  24  hours ; 
the  air  is  usually  dry  and  clear.  The  winter  climate,  from 
the  middle  of  October  till  that  of  January,  is  deliglitful,  but 
in  summer  the  heat  becomes  extreme,  and  the  bright  light 
reflected  from  the  bare  white  rocks  often  injures  the  sight. 
There  are  no  lakes  or  proper  running  streams  in  the  island, 
but  the  springs  are  numerous  and  copious.  The  soil  is  very 
thin,  and  the  best  of  it  has  been  imported  for  gardeners' 
use,  but  under  the  influence  of  an  auspicious  climate  the 
island  has  become  very  fruitful.  The  staple  product  is 
cotton  ;  the  vine  and  olive  are  cultivated.  Fruits,  particu- 
larly figs  and  oranges,  are  abundant,  and  of  excellent  flavor. 
The  central  position  of  Malta  in  the  Mediterranean  makes 
it  an  important  commercial  dcpOt,  and  at  all  times  an  in- 
valuable naval  station.  It  has  in  consequence  received 
great  attention  from  the  British  government,  and  been  both 
provided  with  excellent  docks  and  very  strong  fortifications. 
Malta  was  first  peopled,  it  is  said,  by  the  Phoenicians.  It 
passed  successively  through  the  hands  of  the  Phoenicians, 
Greeks,  and  Carthaginians,  and  was  finally  attached  to 
Rome  during  the  second  Punic  War.  It  was  seized  at  dif- 
ferent times  by  Vandals,  Goths,  and  Saracens.  From  the 
livst  it  passed  to  Sicily,  and  followed  its  fortunes  till  1522, 
when  Charles  V.  granted  it  to  the  Order  of  St.  John  of  Je- 
rusalem. In  1798  the  Grand  Master  Hompesch  surrendered 
it  to  Napoleon.  It  was  afterwards  taken  by  Nelson,  and  is 
now,  along  with  the  islands  of  Comino  and  Gozo,  a  posses- 
sion of  Great  Britain.  The  natives  are  of  mixed  descent, 
their  language  being  chiefly  of  Arabic  origin.     Capital, 

Valetta.      Pop.  in  1881,  149,782;  in  1889,  174,621. Adj. 

and  inhab.  Maltese,  mawl-teez'  (It.  Maltese,  inil-ii'si). 

Malta,  mawl'ta,  a  post-village  of  De  Kalb  co.,  111.,  in 
Malta  township,  on  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad, 
04  miles  W.  of  Chicago,  and  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rockford. 
It  has  a  money-order  post-office,  4  churches,  a  graded  school, 
and  a  cheese-fiictory.     Pop.  about  800;  of  township,  1157. 

Malta,  a  hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  India- 
napolis &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  31  miles  W,  of  Indianapolis. 

Malta,  a  post-office  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas,  24  miles  W. 
of  Clay  Centre. 

Malta,  Oceana  co.,  Mich.    See  Greenwood. 

Malta,  a  post-township  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  about  6 
miles  S.  of  Saratoga  Springs.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E. 
by  Saratoga  Lake,  and  intersected  by  the  Rensselaer  &  Sar- 
atoga Railroad,  and  contains  a  village  named  Maltaville. 
Pop.  1215.     Malta  Post-Office  is  at  Dunning  Street. 


MAL 


1746 


iilAM 


AInltn«  a  nott-village  ot  Morgan  oo.,  0.,  in  Miiltn  town- 
■hip,  on  the  \v.  bunk  of  the  Muskingum  Uiver,  opposite 
McConnellsville,  and  about  3U  miles  W.N.W.  of  iMurietta. 
It  has  2  ohurcbos,  a  national  bank,  a  graded  school,  n  nows- 

fanor  office,  ami  a  tiinnory.  Pop.  613;  of  the  township, 
6^6.  It  has  mnnufiictures  of  furniture,  ploughs,  sasn, 
doors,  and  8alt.  Here  is  a  salt-well  8U0  feet  deep. 
.  Malta  llend,  a  post-village  of  Saline  co.,  Mo.,  in  Grand 
Pass  township,  about  2  miles  S.  of  the  Missouri  River,  and 
80  miles  E.  of  Lexington.    It  has  4  churches. 

Mnltavilley  mawl't^-vll,  a  post-village  of  Saratoga  oo., 
N.Y.,  in  Malta  township,  i  mile  from  Round  Luke  Station, 
and  about  10  miles  S.  of  Saratoga  Springs.  It  has  a  church, 
a  cottun-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Mtiltcrdiiigen,  m&rt^r-ding^n,  a  town  of  Baden,  12 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Freiburg.     Pop.  1545, 

Malters,  m&l't^rs,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
11  miles  W.  of  Lucerne,  on  the  Emmcn.     Pop.  3229. 

Maltoii,  raawl'tpn,  or  New  Malton,  a  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  York,  North  Riding,  on  the  Dorwcnt,  here 
crossed  by  an  ancient  stone  bridge,  18  miles  N.N.E.  of 
York,  at  a  railway  junction.  It  stands  on  an  ominonco,  and 
has  a  large  market-place,  national  schools,  a  theatre,  public 
rooms,  with  a  library,  and  remains  of  a  castle  destroyed  by 
Henry  II.  Porter,  malt,  corn,  and  bacon  are  largely  ox- 
ported  to  Hull,  <tc.,  by  the  navigable  Derwent.  Th<j  bor- 
ough is  a  polling-place  for  the  county,  and  in  conjunction 
with  its  suburb  of  Norton,  and  with  Old  Malton,  sends  two 
members  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Pop.  491U;  of  par- 
liamentary borough,  10,236. 

j>Ialton«  a  post-village  in  Peel  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railway,  15  miles  W.  of  Toronto.  It  contains  2 
stores  and  a  hotel.     Pop.  300. 

Maltsch,  m&ltch,  a  village  of  Prussia,  on  the  Berlin, 
Frankfort  <t  Breslau  Railway,  24  miles  W.  of  Breslau. 

Maliienda,  m&-loo-£n'dfl,,  almost  mil-wSn'di,  a  village 
of  Spain,  Aragon,  40  miles  S.W,  of  Saragossa.     Pop.  1205. 

Juaiiiesinunif  the  Latin  name  of  Mauvgzix. 

Malu'gin  Grove,  a  decayed  village  of  Lee  co..  111.,  1 
mile  from  Compton  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

3Ialva,  the  ancient  name  of  the  river  Mulwkeya. 

Mnlvaglia,  mS,l-v&l'y&,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton 
of  Ticino,  9  miles  N.  of  Bellinzona.     Pop.  15G7. 

]Malvagna,m&l-v&n'y&,  a  village  of  Sicily,  situated  on 
the  side  of  one  of  the  hills  of  Mount  Etna.     Pop.  1447. 

Malvasia,  Napoli  di,  Greece.    See  Monemvasia. 

Malvern,  maw'v^rn,  or  Great  Malvern,  a  watering- 
place  and  town  of  England,  co.  and  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Wor- 
cester, at  a  railway  junction,  on  the  E.  declivity  of  the 
Malvern  Hills.  The  village  has  handsome  hotels  and  pri- 
vate bouses,  museum,  good  baths,  and  a  fine  abbey  church. 
Of  the  abbey,  founded  in  1083,  few  vestiges  remain.  Me- 
dicinal springs  here  attract  many  invalids.     Pop.  5693. 

MaI'vern,  or  Mal'vern  Junction,  a  post-village  of 
Hot  Spring  co.,  Ark.,  on  the  St.  Louis  <fc  Iron  Mountain 
Railroad,  43  miles  W.S.W.  of  Little  Rock,  and  li  miles 
from  Rockport.  The  Hot  Springs  Railroad  extends  from 
this  place  to  the  famous  Hot  Springs,  25  miles  distant.  It 
has  a  pop.  (1890)  of  1520. 

Malvern,  a  post-hamlet  of  Whiteside  co.,  III.,  in  Clyde 
township,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Morrison.     It  has  a  church. 

Malvern,  a  post-vilhige  of  Mills  co.,  Iowa,  in  Silver 
Creek  township,  on  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  E.  of  Ulenwood,  and  about  27  miles  S.E.  of 
Omaha.  It  has  4  churches,  a  seminary,  2  banks,  and  2 
newspaper-oflBces,     Pop.  in  1890,  1003. 

Malvern,  a  post- village  in  Brown  township,  Carroll  co., 
0.,  on  Sandy  Creek,  and  on  the  Tuscarawas  Branch  of  the 
Cleveland  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  77  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cleve- 
land.    Pop.  269. 

Malvern,  a  post- village  in  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  21  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia,  at 
the  junction  of  the  West  Chester  Railroad. 

MaI'vcrn,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  3  miles 
N.W.  of  Highland  Creek.     Pop.  125. 

MaI'vern  Hill,  a  battle-field  in  Henrico  co.,  Va.,  about 
1  mile  from  James  River,  and  11  miles  S.S.E.  of  Richmond. 
Here  occurred  a  battle  between  the  Confederate  and  Union 
armies  on  the  1st  of  July,  1862,  in  which  the  former  was 
repulsed  with  severe  loss. 

Malvern  (maw'v^m)  Hills,  England,  separate  the  co. 
of  Worcester  from  Herefordshire  and  Monmouthshire,  and 
are  nearly  9  miles  in  length  from  N.  to  S. 

Malvern  Junction,  Ark.    See  Malvern. 

Mnlvitto,  mil-vit'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Co- 
senza,  16  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Castrovillari.     Pop.  1656. 

Malwahy  ma,wl'w&  {i.e.,  the  "mountainous  country"), 


an  old  province  of  India,  mostly  between  Int.  22°  and  36* 
N.  and  Ion.  74°  and  80°  E.,  enclosed  by  the  provinces  of 
Rajpootana,  Agra,  Allahabad,  Candoish,  and  Guionit.  hi 
central  part  is  a  table-land  between  its  chief  rivers  tin 
Chumhul  in  the  N.  and  Nerbudda  in  the  S.,  iind  watered 
by  the  Sind  and  Betwab,  aflluonts  of  the  Jumna.  Tliii 
province  is  the  principal  sent  of  the  Bhcel  race,  and  irai 
formerly  that  of  the  Mahrattjvs,  It  is  mostly  subdiriUed 
among  the  dominions  of  Gwalior,  Indore,  and  Bhopaul, 

Malwah,  a  name  sometimes  given  to  the  native  itata 
of  Puttceala,  in  India. 

Malwan,  mlPwdn',  or  Soondcrdroog,  soon-d^r- 
droog',  a  town  and  fortified  island  of  British  India,  on  tba 
Malabar  coast,  50  miles  N.N.W.  of  Goa.     Pop.  13,218. 

Maiyi,  m&l-yee',  or  Maloi,  m&-loy',  an  island  of  Si- 
beria, in  the  Arctic  Ocean,  about  45  miles  S.S.E.  of  lh» 
island  of  Kotelnoi.     Much  fossil  ivory  is  found  on  it. 

Malzeville,  mirz^h-veol',  a  village  of  France,  io 
Meurthe-et-Mosello,  on  the  Meurthe,  15  miles  E.  of  ^'ancr 
Pop.  2354. 

Malzieu,  or  Le  Malzien,  l^h  m&rze-ub',  a  rilltg* 
of  France,  in  Lozfire,  25  miles  N.  of  Marvcjols.     Pop.  960. 

Mama,  m&,-mfl,',  two  rivers  of  Asiatic  Russia,  in  tli« 
N.E.  of  the  government  of  Irkootsk,  called  Vcrkhnee- 
Mama  and  Nizhnee-Mama.  The  former,  the  larger  of  tb« 
two,  has  a  course  of  above  100  miles ;  both  join  the  Vitiuu 

Mamadish,  Mamadisch,  mi-ml-dish'  or  ml-mL 
decsh',  or  Mamadajch,  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  87  miles  E.  of  Kasan,  on  the  Viatka.     Pop.  4123. 

Mainaka'ting,  a  township  of  Sullivan  oo.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
4116.     It  contains  Wurtsborough. 

Mamanguape,  m&-m&n-gw&'i)i,  a  river  of  Bnuil, 
enters  the  Atlantic  25  miles  N.  of  Parahiba,  after  an  B. 
course  of  130  miles. 

Mamanguape,  m&-m&n-gw&'p&,  or  Montemor, 
mon-ti-moK',  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  45  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Parahiba,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name. 

Mamar'oneck,  a  post-village  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Mamaroneck  township,  finely  situated  on  Long  Island 
Sound  and  on  the  New  York,  New  Haven  <t  Hartford  Rail- 
road, 20  miles  from  the  Grand  Central  Depot  in  NewYerk. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  many  elegant  villas  and  rcsideocei. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1431. 

Mambucaba,  mim-boo-ki'bS,,  a  town  of  Brazil,  tttia 
and  78  miles  W.  of  Rio  Janeiro,  near  the  river  Maubacaba. 
Pop.  4000. 

Mamers,  m&^main'  (L.  Mamerda),  a  town  of  Franoe, 
in  Sarthe,  28  miles  N.N.E.  of  Le  Mans.  Pop.  5147.  It 
has  a  fine  church,  and  manufactures  of  hempen,  cotton, 
and  woollen  fabrics,  hosiery,  leather,  and  paper. 

Mamhole,  a  hamlet  of  England.    See  Manmoel. 

Mamiila,  m&-meen'y&,  a  large  Indian  town  of  Pern, 
province  of  Tarapaca,  lat.  20°  4'  48"  S.  It  has  clear,  boil- 
ing sulphur  springs,  and  near  it  gypsum,  alum,  and  car- 
bonate of  sodium  abound. 

Mammelle,  m&m^mdll',  a  creek  of  Pulaski  co..  Ark., 
flows  into  the  Arkansas  above  Little  Rock. 

Mammola,  mim'mo-li,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  ' 
Reggio  di  Calabria,  7i  miles  N.  of  Gcrace.     Pop.  7804. 

Mammorah,  a  town  of  Morocco.    See  Mehediah, 

Mam'moth,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Montana,  | 
near  the  Mammoth  Hot  Springs  of  Wyoming,  in  the  Grew  | 
National  Park.  i 

Mammoth  Cave,  a  summer  resort  of  Calaveras  eo.,  j 
Cal.,  12  miles  from  San  Andreas,  and  13  miles  from  the  Big  [ 
Trees.     Here  is  an  extensive  cavern  with  more  than  20 
large  halls  and  a  subterranean  lake.    A  hotel  bos  been 
built  here. 

Mammoth  Cave,  a  great  cavern  in  Edmondson  ou., 
Ky.,  is  near  Green  River,  6  miles  from  Cavo  City,  and  about  I 
28  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bowling  Green.     The  cave  consists  of  j 
a  remarkable  succession  of  irregular  chambers,  situated  in  i 
difierent  levels  or  stories,  some  of  which  are  traversed  by  ■< 
navigable  branches  of  the  subterranean  Echo  River.   Msny 
of  the  halls  are  of  great  size,  and  others  of  rcmarkabls  i 
beauty.     Great  interest  attaches  to  the  blind  fishes,  cnu- 
taceans,  and  insects  found  in  the  cave,  which  is  a  noted 
place  of  resort. 

Mammoth  Spring,  a  hamlet  of  Shannon  co.,  Mo.,  at 
a  large  spring,  6  miles  from  Eminence.  It  has  a  grist-mill 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Mamojada,  mi-mo-yi'di,  a  village  on  the  island  of 
Sardinia,  S.S.E.  of  Nuoro.     Pop.  2086. 

Mamore,mi-mo-ri',or  Marm ore,  man-mo-ri', com- 
monly called  Rio  Grande,  roe'o  grin'd.A,  by  the  Span- 
iards, a  river  of  Bolivia,  formed  by  the  junction  of  the 
Guapoi  and  Chapari,  after  a  N.  course  of  500  miles  joini 


MAM 


1747 


MAN 


e  Boni  to  form  the  Jladeira.  Some  geographers  regard 
le  Guapai  (called  also  the  Rio  Grande)  as  the  upper  por- 
m  of  the  Mauiore.  It  offers  a  great  extent  of  navigable 
iter.     See  Ilio  Grande. 

Mampanwa,  mAm-pin'wi,  or  Mampawa,  miin- 
I'wi,  a  maritime  town  on  the  W.  coast  of  Borneo,  on  the 
irer  Mampanwa.  Lat.  0°  25'  N.;  Ion.  109°  E. 
Mam'ie)  a  township  of  Kandiyohi  co.,  Minn.  Pop.  356. 
Mana^  a  river  of  French  Guiana.  See  Amaribo. 
Manaar  (mi-nau')  Island,  immediately  AV.  of  the  N. 
Tt  of  Ceylun,  is  18  miles  in  length  by  2i  miles  across. 
e  Gulf  op  Ma:jaar. 

Manabi,  or  Manavi,  mi'ni-Bce,  a  province  of  Ecua- 
r,  on  the  W.  slope  of  the  Andes,  bounded  W.  by  the 
icific.  Area,  5761  square  miles.  Capital,  Puerto  Viejo. 
>p.  67,852. 

Jrlanabi,  a  town  of  Ecuador.    See  Pceuto  Viejo. 
Ma*nack%  a  station  of  Lowndes  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Ala- 
ma  River,  and  on  the  Western  Railroad,  13  miles  W.  by 
of  Montgomery. 

Manacor,  mi-ni-koR',  a  town  of  Spain,  island  of  Ma- 
rca,  30  miles  E.  of  Palma.  It  has  several  spacious 
uarcs,  and  wide,  well-kept  streets.  Its  buildings  are  sub- 
intial ;  the  most  important  are  the  palace  of  the  ancient 
ngs  of  the  country,  a  large  parish  church,  a  chapel  of  ease, 
wn  house,  prison,  2  schools,  and  a  hospital.  It  is  a  bishop's 
B,  and  has  manufactures  of  brandy,  wine,  oil,  and  verdi- 
is,  and  a  trade  in  grain,  oil,  cattle,  and  fruits.  P.  10,438. 
Maii'ada  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  in 
est  Hanover  township,  about  11  miles  N.E.  of  Uarris- 
irg.  It  has  2  or  3  stores. 
Alanado,  a  town  of  Celebes.  See  Menado. 
'Managua,  a  lake  of  Nicaragua.  See  Leon. 
iitlanagua,  mi-ni'gwd,  a  town  of  Central  America, 
Ipital  of  Nicaragua,  on  the  S.  shore  of  Lake  Leon  (or 
nnagua),  in  lat.  12°  7'  N.,  Ion.  86°  12'  W.  It  has  several 
lurches,  a  national  palace,  city  hall,  and  prison,  and  a 
jide  in  coffee.     Pop.  6600. 

IMauah,  mi'ni,  a  village  of  Northern  India,  Gurhwal, 
I  miles  S.E.  of  Gangootri,  and  an  important  scat  of  the 
iide  with  Thibet. 

Man^ahaw'kin,  or  Man^ahock'iiig,  a  post-village 
•1  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  in  Stafford  township,  on  the  Tuckerton 

I'.ilroad,  26  miles  S.  of  Toms  River,  and  4  miles  from  the 
lantic  Ocean.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  GS9, 
Manaia,  Cook  Islands.     Sec  Mangaia. 
Ittanaima,  m^-ni'mi,  a  town  of  India,  Allahabad  dis- 
ifct.     Pop.  6146. 

Mau'akin,  a  village  of  Goochland  co.,  Va.,  near  the 
.mes  River,  and  on  the  James  River  Canal,  about  17 
lies  W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  coal-mines  and  3  stores, 
ip.  about  200. 

Manakoo,  Manakon,  ml-nl-koo',  Manukau,  or 
I'mond's  (si'mondz)  Harbor,  a  fine  harbor  of  New 
Jaland,  North  Island,  on  its  W.  coast.  Lat.  37°  S. ;  Ion. 
:t°  30'  E. 

Han^akpoor'  Chaurgoon,  chowr-goon',  a  town  of 
;  iia,  Boglipoor  district.     Pop.  3347. 

Hanal'apan,  a  post-township  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J., 
nut  24  miles  E.  of  Trenton,  is  intersected  by  the  Frce- 
1  !d  &  Jamesburg  Railroad,  and  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by 
i  I  Manalapan  River.  It  contains  a  village  named  English- 
I  rn.  Pop.  2286.  Manalapan  Station  is  3  miles  W.  of 
'.  Behold. 

naniilapan  Brook,  or  South  River,  New  Jersey, 
les  in  Monmouth  co.,  runs  northward  in  Middlesex  co., 
I  i  enters  the  Raritan  River  4  miles  below  New  Brunswick. 
.  is  a  navigable  tid.al  stream  in  its  lower  course. 

Manai'apanville,  a  hamlet  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J., 
i  Manalapan  and  Millstone  townships,  about  IS  miles  S. 

I  E.  of  New  Brunswick.  It  has  a  church,  a  carriage- 
i  tory,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

ttanalipa,  or  Malinipa.    See  Coco. 

ttanama,  mi-ni'mi,  a  town  of  the  Persian  Gulf,  at 

I I  northern  extremity  of  the  island  of  Bahrein,  of  which 
1  8  the  capital. 

Manamus'kin,  or  Manumus'kin,  a  post-office  and 
( tion  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  West  Jersey  Rail- 
id,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Millville. 

Hanau.    See  Grand  Manan. 

ttanauah,  ma-nah'na,  a  post-village  in  Mananah 
I  mship.  Meeker  co.,  Miiin.,  on  the  North  Fork  of  Crow 
]  irer,  near  Lake  Koronis,  about  32  miles  S.AV.  of  St.  Cloud, 
I  i  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Litchfield.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and 
I  aw-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  637. 

Manau'tico  Creek,  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.J.,  flows 
io  Maurice  River. 


Mananzary,  or  Mauanzari,  m&-n&n-z&'rec\  a  town 
on  the  E.  coast  of  Madagascar,  at  the  mouth  of  a  small 
river  of  its  own  name.     Lat.  21°  20'  S. ;  Ion.  48°  20'  E. 

Manaos,  mi-n4'oce,  formerly  Uarra  do  Rio  Negro, 
a  town  of  Brazil,  capital  of  the  state  of  Amazonas,  on  the 
Rio  Negro,  10  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Amazon.  It 
is  the  seat  of  a  large  trade  in  the  products  of  Northern 
Brazil,  and  has  a  palace,  a  fine  cathedral,  a  priests'  sem- 
inary and  industrial  school,  many  fine  houses,  and  a  saw- 
mill, brick-  and  tile-works,  Ac.     Pop.  5000. 

Mau^apar',  a  town  of  British  India,  presidency  of 
Madras,  40  miles  N.E.  of  Dindigul. 

Manaria,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Meloria. 

Manasarowar,  ma,-ni-sa.-ro-war',  or  Tso-Maph- 
ani,  tso-m4f'4m,  a  lake  of  Thibet,  noted  in  Hindoo  sacred 
legends,  280  miles  E.N.E.  of  Delhi,  lat.  30°  40'  N.,  Ion.  87° 
30'  E.,  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Kailas,  15,200  feet  above  sea- 
level.  It  forms  nearly  a  circle,  about  15  miles  in  diame- 
ter, and  is  one  of  the  head  sources  of  the  river  Sutlej,  poui 
ing  its  waters  into  Lake  Ravana-Hrada. 

Man^asquau',  formerly  Squan,  a  post-village  and 
bathing-place  in  Wall  township,  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  New  York  &  Long  Branch  division  of  the  Central  Rail- 
road, 12J  miles  S.  of  Long  Branch,  and  about  i  mile  from 
the  ocean.  It  has  4  churches,  several  boarding-houses,  a 
sash-factory,  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  about  900. 

Manasquan  River,  New  Jersey,  rises  in  Monmouth 
CO.,  runs  southeastward,  and  enters  the  Atlantic  Ocean  on 
the  boundary  between  Monmouth  and  Ocean  cos. 

Manas'sas,  a  hamlet  of  Talbot  co.,  Md.,  12  miles  S.  of 
Easton.     It  has  a  church. 

Manassas  (formerly  Manassas  Junction),  a  post- 
village  of  Prince  William  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Virginia  Midland 
&  Great  Southern  Railroad,  33  miles  W.S.W.  of  Washing- 
ton, and  27  miles  W.  of  Alexandria.  It  is  the  junction  and 
E.  terminus  of  the  Manassas  division  of  the  same  road.  It 
has  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Pop.  about  600. 

Manassas  Gap,  Virginia.    See  Linden. 

Man^ataw'ny,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Olcy  township,  about  11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Reading.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  paper-mill. 

Manatawny  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Berks 
CO.,  and  enters  the  Schuylkill  River  at  Pottstown. 

Man^atee',  a  large  county  in  the  peninsula  of  Florida, 
is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  inter- 
sected by  Pease  Creek.  Charlotte  Harbor,  an  inlet  of  the 
sea  (or  gulf),  extends  far  into  the  interior  of  this  county. 
The  surface  is  level,  and  partly  covered  with  forests.  The 
soil  produces  pasture  for  numerous  cattle,  which  are  the 
chief  articles  of  export.  Area  of  the  county,  1240  square 
miles.  Capital,  Braidentown.  Pop.  in  1870,  1931 ;  in 
1880,  3544;  in  1890,  2895. 

Manatee,  a  scattered  post-village  of  Manatee  co.,  Fla., 
on  the  Manatee  River,  near  its  entrance  into  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  about  42  miles  S.S.W.  of  Tampa.  It  has  a  church. 
Steamers  visit  this  place  twice  in  a  week. 

Manauli,  a  town  of  India.    See  Manolee. 

Manavghat,  m3,n-3,v-gh&t',  or  Menovghat,  m4n- 
ov-ghdt',  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  vilayet  of  Adana,  on  the 
Manavghat  River  (anc.  Me'las),  30  miles  N.W.  of  Alaya. 

Manavi,  Ecuador.    See  Manabi. 

Manawa,  ma-naw'wa,  a  post-village  of  Waupaca  oo., 
Wis.,  on  the  Little  Wolf  River,  50  miles  by  rail  W.  of 
Green  Bay.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  lumber, 
<fco.     Pop.  about  500. 

ManaAva-Tawi  Islands.    See  Three  Kings. 

Manawatu,  m4-n3,-wS,-too',  a  river  of  New  Zealand, 
North  Island,  rises  on  the  W.  slope  of  the  highest  moun- 
tain-range  in  the  island,  and  enters  Cook  Strait.  On  a 
bar  at  its  mouth  there  are  only  7  feet  of  water  at  low 
tide ;  but  inside  the  bar  there  is  depth  enough  for  small 
vessels  for  about  50  miles. 

Manayunk,  man-a-ytink',  a  station  in  Mifflin  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Lewistown. 

Manayunk,  a  northwestern  suburb  of  Philadelphia,  in 
the  21st  ward  of  the  city,  is  on  the  left  (east)  bank  of  the 
Schuylkill  River,  and  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading  and 
Pennsylvania  Railroads,  respectively  7.5  and  8.9  miles 
from  their  initial  stations  in  Philadelphia.  Street  railways 
also  connect  it  with  Philadelphia.  It  is  just  above  the 
mouth  of  Wissahiokon  Creek.  Here  are  2  paper-mills, 
and  extensive  manufactures  of  cotton  and  woollen  goods, 
carpets,  <fec.  Nearly  5000  persons  are  employed  in  these 
factories.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  It 
has  8  churches  and  a  savings-bank.  Manayunk  Post-Offiue 
is  a  branch  of  the  Philadelphia  post-office. 


MAN 


1748 


MAN 


Manbhoom,  Manbhanif  min'bhooni  or  Mann'- 
bhoom,  R  diatriot  of  liungnl,  in  Chuta-Nagpoor.  Lat.  22o 
37'-24»  N.;  Ion.  85»  ftl'-SZ"  16'  E.  Area,  49U  tqaara 
miles.  It  has  a  broken  turfnoe;  but  tho  soil  of  the  lower 
levels  la  exoellcnt.     Capital,  Puruiia.     Pop.  995,570. 

MancaSf  La  Plata  oo..  Col.    Soo  Mangos. 

Man^celo'na,  a  post-hamlet  an<l  township  of  Antrim 
00.,  Mioh.,  on  tho  Grand  Hapida  A,  Indiana  Kailroad,  150 
miles  N.  of  Grand  Rapids,  and  20  miles  E.  of  Elk  Kapids. 
It  has  1  or  2  lumber-mills.     Pop.  108. 

Manchac,  hamlet,  Louisiana.    See  Pass  Manchac. 

Miinchac  (man'shiik)  Bayou,  Louisiana,  a  stream 
fanning  the  S.  boundary  of  Eai^t  Baton  Rouge,  communicutes 
with  the  Mississippi  on  the  W.  and  with  tho  Amite  on  tho 
E.     A  small  steamboat  plies  between  its  extremities. 

Mancha,  La,  Spain.    Sue  La  Mancha. 

AIancha>  Ileal,  m&n'ch&.-ri-&.l',  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  7  miles  E.  of  Jaen.  Pop.  5115.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  linens  and  woollens. 

Man^chailg',  a  post-village  of  Worcester  oo.,  Mass.,  in 
Sutton  township,  about  14  miles  S.  by  E.  of  the  city  of 
Worcester.     It  tias  a  church. 

Manche,  mft.Nsh,  a  maritime  department  of  France,  in 
the  N.W.,  on  the  Manche,  or  English  Channel,  formed  of 
part  of  the  old  province  of  Normandy.  Area,  2263  square 
miles.  Pop.  in  1891,  513,816.  Principal  rivers,  the  Vire, 
Taute,  Douve,  Merdoret,  and  Selune,  all  navigable.  On  its 
coasts  are  Cape  la  Hague  and  Cape  Barfleur,  or  Raz  do 
Gattcville.  Soil  marshy  in  parts  of  the  interior,  but  fer- 
tile in  grain,  lint,  hemp,  and  apples  for  cider.  The  horses 
in  this  department  are  considered  the  best  in  France ;  cattle 
are  excellent.  Chief  industry,  manufactures  of  iron,  cop- 
per, and  zinc,  cloth,  linens,  cottons,  and  lace.  It  was  in- 
cluded in  the  territory  which  the  Normans  wrested  from 
Charles  the  Simple  in  the  tenth  century.  Along  with  the 
other  dominions  of  William  the  Conqueror,  it  remained  for 
centuries  subject  to  the  kings  of  England,  who,  however, 
held  it  under  the  crown  of  France.  It  is  divided  into  the 
arrondissements  of  Avranchcs,  Cherbourg,  Coutances,  Saint- 
L6,  Mortain,  and  Valognes.     Capital,  Saint-L8. 

Mau'chcster  (anc.  Mancu'nium),  a  city  of  England, 
in  the  S.E.  division  of  the  co.  of  Lancaster,  164  miles 
N.N.W.  of  London.  Pop.  of  city  within  municipal  limits 
(1891),  505,343.  It  sends  six  members  to  the  Ilouse  of 
Commons.  A  charter  of  incorporation  was  granted  to  the 
town  in  1838;  since  that  time  several  acts  have  been 
passed  for  its  improvement,  and  in  1852  it  was  made  a 
city.  It  stands  on  the  river  Irwell,  and  has  of  late  rapidly 
improved  in  appearance.  The  streets  are  well  paved,  sew- 
ered, and  lighted.  The  city  is  well  supplied  with  water, 
two  systems  of  water-works  being  established, — one  at 
Blackstone  Edge,  20  miles  from  the  city,  with  a  total 
capacity  of  3,828,000,000  gallons,  and  a  daily  supply  of 
about  25,000,000  gallons;  the  other  at  Lake  Thirlmerc,  in 
Cumberland,  about  80  miles  from  the  city,  with  a  daily 
supply  of  50,000,000  gallons.  The  principal  public  build- 
ings of  the  city  are  the  town  hall,  of  Gothic  structure, 
completed  in  1883  at  a  cost  of  £1,063,264,  with  an  area  of 
8648  square  yards,  a  tower  286  feet  high,  a  peal  of  21  bells, 
and  250  apartments ;  the  royal  exchange,  covering  an  area 
of  1668  square  yards;  the  royal  institution,  an  edifice  of 
the  Ionic  order;  the  theatre  royal,  and  the  free-trade  hall, 
built  in  the  Lombardo- Venetian  style  and  affording  space 
for  nearly  5000  persons.  In  1870  the  Alexandra  Park  was 
acquired  for  the  public  at  a  cost  of  £60,000.  A  large  aqua- 
rium has  been  constructed  in  the  park.  Manchester  is  rich 
in  charitable  endowments  for  educational  and  other  pur- 
poses. It  has  a  very  commodious  infirmary  and  numerous 
Iiospitals,  a  museum  of  natural  history.  Reform  and  several 
other  club-houses,  county  assize  courts  in  decorated  Gothic 
built  at  a  cost  of  £100,000,  the  great  hall  of  which  is  100 
feet  long,  48i  feet  wide,  and  75  feet  high  ;  police  and  ses- 
sions court,  market  hall,  borough  jail,  and  a  county  jail. 
Many  societies  have  been  established  in  Manchester,  of 
which  may  be  mentioned  the  statistical  society,  the  literary 
and  philosophical  society,  the  field  naturalists'  society,  and 
the  geological  society.  The  city  possesses  a  fine  free  refer- 
ence library,  occupying  the  old  town  hall,  a  building  erected 
on  the  model  of  the  Temple  of  Erechtheus  at  Athens,  con- 
taining 198,000  volumes ;  six  branch  libraries  with  reading 
rooms;  the  Whit  worth  Library  (1890),  incorporated  with 
the  technical  school  and  school  of  art.'  In  addition  to 
these  there  are  18  private  libraries,  among  them  the  Chet- 
ham  Library,  founded  by  Humphrey  Chethain  in  1653, 
containing  30,000  volumes,  with  many  rare  books  and  MSS. 
It  was  the  first  free  library  in  England  and  Europe.  The 
mechanics'  institution  and  the  Athenaeum  are  large  and 


handsome  buildings,  devoted  to  education,  and  in  eaoh  of 
thum  is  an  excellent  library.  The  city  has  reocnily  mtdt 
rapid  strides  in  the  advancement  uf  education.  Ainonc  its 
educational  institutions  are  the  grammar  school  (the  moit 
ancient),  founded  in  1515,  with  scholarships  at  Oxford 
and  Ciimbridgo  Universities,  the  Chetham  Hospital  School 
founded  in  1661,  for  maintaining,  educating,  and  bringinil 
up  45  (since  increased  to  100)  boys  ;  Owens  Collrge,  founded 
in  18-16  under  the  will  of  John  Owens  and  endowed  with 
£100,000.  In  1880  the  Victoria  University  was  founded 
under  royal  charter,  Owens  College  being  now  one  of  ita 
colleges.  The  University  has  power  to  confer  dcgreea  In 
surgery  and  medicine.  The  Technical  School,  incorporated 
in  1883  with  the  Mechanics'  Institution,  and  the  Whit- 
worth  Institute,  founded  in  189U,  are  great  inslitutioDi. 
In  addition  it  is  the  scat  of  the  LancaHliiro  Indopendcnta' 
College,  the  Primitive  Methodists' College,  St.  lioilo's  Roman 
Catholic  College,  Ac.  There  are  also  50  board  scliuola,  eon- 
ducted  under  the  management  of  the  ManuheKier  aohool 
board,  and  about  140  elementary  schools,  with  nearly  82,0U0 
scholars.  There  is  a  flourishing  school  of  art.  Several 
ragged  schools  are  in  successful  operation.  There  sr« 
upwards  of  a  dozen  public  baths  and  wash-houses.  Tba 
bishopric  of  Manchester  was  created  in  18-17,  and  the 
diocese  placed  in  the  province  of  York.  Tho  collogiata 
church  became  the  cathedral ;  this  is  a  large  and  elaborately 
ornamented  Gothic  structure,  founded  in  the  reign  of  Henry 
v.,  and  recently  restored  in  its  original  style,  with  a  peal 
of  10  bells.  The  city  comprises  nearly  200  churches  and 
chapels.  Manchester  is  the  chief  market  of  the  cotton-trade, 
the  j)rincipal  cotton-mills  being  located  outside  of  tho  city. 
About  700  different  industries  are  carried  on  in  the  dis- 
trict; among  them  woollen,  silk,  and  machinery  lend.  The 
number  of  mills  has  been  estimated  at  250.  In  the  seven- 
teenth century  the  cotton-trade  began  its  rise,  and  has 
gradually  progressed.  The  Chamber  of  Commerce  is  among 
the  most  influential  of  institutions  of  this  kind  in  the  king- 
dom. Manchester  is  the  centre  of  a  large  number  of  rail- 
way lines.  The  Bridgewater  Canal  connects  the  city  with 
Liverpool,  and  the  Irwell  is  navigable  for  heavy  barges. 
In  1887-91  the  gigantic  engineering  scheme  to  conneot 
Manchester  with  Liverpool  and  the  ocean  by  meana  of  a 
ship-canal  was  carried  out  at  a  cost  of  £5,750,000,  thereby 
making  it  a  seaport.  The  principal  market  is  Sinitbfield; 
and  a  vegetable-market  (area,  nearly  four  acres),  with  a 
glass  roof,  is  one  of  the  handsomest  in  the  kingdom. 

In  continuation  with  the  city,  so  as  to  form  virtually  one 
town,  is  Salford,  a  township  of  Manchester  parish,  and  a 
parliamentary  and  municipal  borough,  on  the  W.  side  of 
the  river,  over  which  there  are  5  bridges,  connecting  it  with 
Manchester.  It  is  in  the  county  of  Lancaster,  and  has  a 
pop.  of  204,622.  The  streets  are  well  paved  and  lighted. 
It  sends  three  members  to  the  House  of  Commons.'  A 
municipal  charter  was  granted  to  it  in  1844,  and  it  has  the 
same  facilities  of  communication  as  Manchester.  It  con- 
tains Peel  Park,  in  which  are  a  free  lending  library  of 
30,000  volumes,  a  reading-room,  and  a  well-arranged  mn- 
seum.  The  principal  public  buildings  are  St.  John's  Roman 
Catholic  cathedral,  the  town  hall,  and  the  new  bailey  or 
house  of  correction.  Quarter  sessions  are  held  here.  Sal- 
ford  possesses  a  court  of  record  and  a  county  court.  Tiro 
very  useful  and  successful  institutions  are  the  Salford  A 
Pendleton  Royal  Hospital  and  Dispensary,  established  in 
1827,  and  the  workingmen's  college,  founded  in  18S8. 
There  are  several  endowed  charities  and  bonding  ware- 
houses. The  manufactures  are  varied.  The  pop.  of  Man- 
chester and  Salford  in  1800  was  only  24,867. 

Man'chester,  a  post-office  of  Mendocino  co.,  Cal. 

Manchester,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Hartford 
CO.,  Conn.,  on  the  Hockanum  River,  9  miles  by  rail  E,N'.E. 
of  Hartford.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 
Tho  township  contains  7  churches,  paper-mills,  cotton- 
mills,  and  woollen-,  silk-,  gingham-,  and  stockinet-f*oto- 
ries.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  8222. 

Manchester,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co..  III.,  17  mile 
by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Jacksonville.   It  has  3  churches.   Pop.  408. 

Manchester,  a  post-village  of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind., 
about  28  miles  W.  of  Cincinnati,  0.,  and  10  miles  N.W.of 
Aurora.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  graded  school. 

Manchester,  a  post-vill.age,  capital  of  Delaware  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Maquoketa  River,  47  miles  by  rail  W.  *>' 
Dubuque.  It  has  5  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  publio 
hall,  2  banks,  a  foundry,  a  machine-shop,  a  woollen-mill, 
and  manufactures  of  mowers,  starch,  &c.     P<'p.  2'Mi. 

Manchester,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clay  co.,  Ky-, 
on  Collins  or  Goose  Creek,  about  80  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lexing- 
ton.   It  has  2  churches  and  several  manufactories  of  salt. 


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1749 


MAN 


jMnnchoster,  a  post-borough  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  about 

i  miles  N.N.W.  of  Baltimore,  and  9  miles  N.B.  of  West- 
nster.  It  has  an  academy,  6  churches,  and  a  savings- 
nk.  Pop.  755. 
Manchester,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  in 
lanchcstor  township,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the 
jouecster  Brunch  of  the  Eastern   Railroad,  23  miles  N.E. 

Boston.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  chairs 
id  cabinet-furniture,  <fec.  It  is  a  popular  eeaside  resort, 
d  has  several  fine  beaches  and  bold  promontories.     Pop. 

the  township,  1601).  Here  is  a  noted  mass  of  rocks  in 
B  sea,  called  Norman's  Woe. 

Manchester,  a  post-village  in  Manchester  township, 
Hshtenaw  co.,  Mich.,  on  Raisin  River,  and  on  the  Detroit, 

llsdale  &  Indiana  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Jack- 
1  Branch  of  the  Lake  Shore  &,  Michigan  Southern  Rail- 
id,  55  miles  W.S.W.  of  Detroit,  and  25  miles  N.  of  Adrian. 

has  6  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  brewery,  2 
ining-mills,  a  foundry,  a  woollen-mill,  and  manufactures 

perfumery,  ploughs,  sash,  doors,  <fcc.     Pop.  about  1600  ; 

the  township,  2509. 

Manchester,  a  post-office  of  Freeborn  co.,  Minn.,  in 
[inchester  township,  on  the  Southern  Minnesota  Railroad, 
few  miles  W.  of  Albert  Lea.  Pop.  of  the  township,  721. 
Manchester,  a  post-village  of  St.  Louis  co..  Mo.,  in 
mhomme  township,  3  miles  from  Merameo  Station,  and 
out  22  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
^ur-mill. 

Manchester,  a  city,  one  of  the  capitals  of  Hillsborough 
.,  N.H.,  is  situated  on  the  Merrimac  River,  16  miles  S. 

Concord,  and  59  miles  N.  of  Boston.  It  is  on  the  Con- 
rd  Railroad,  and  is  a  terminus  of  3  other  railroads, — 
imely,  the  Concord  <fc  Portsmouth,  the  Manchester  <t 
iwrcnce,  and  the  Manchester  &  North  Weare.  It  is  the 
)st  populous  city  of  the  stiite.    Its  site  is  a  plain,  elevated 

feet  iibove  the  surface  of  the  river.  The  principal  street, 
lich  is  100  feet  wide,  extends  N.  and  S.,  parallel  to  the 
rer.  The  city  contains  a  court-house,  16  churches,  8 
tels,  a  Catholic  orphan  asylum,  a  convent,  4  national  banks, 
lavings-banks,  a  state  reform  school,  a  high  school,  and  a 
:(e  public  library.  Three  daily  and  9  weekly  newspapers 
19  published  here.  Manchester  has  several  public  parks, 
system  of  water-works  which  cost  $600,000,  and  a  paid 
:  e  department  with  4  steam  fire-engines.  The  river,  which 
re  falls  54  feet,  affords  great  hydraulic  power,  which  is 
iployed  in  extensive  manufactures  of  cotton  and  woollen 
i  ods.  The  chief  of  its  several  large  corporations  are  the 
Doskeag  Manufacturing   Company  the  Langdon  Mills, 

0  Manchester  Mills,  the  Stark  Mills,  and  the  Namaske 
ills,  which  manufacture  sheetings,  drillings,  delaines, 
■imless  bags,  Ac.     The  capital  invested  in  manufactures 

1  1890  was  returned  at  $21,462,683;  hands  employed, 
(,467;  value  of  product,  $18,654,547.  Its  minor  manu- 
Ctures  embrace  steam-engines,  locomotives,  linen  goods, 
jsiery,  paper,  edge-tools,  carriages,  shoes,  soap,  machinery, 
Ather,  &o.  Pop.  in  1850,  13,932;  in  1860,  20,107;  in 
:(70,  23,536;  in  1880,  32,6.30;  in  1890,  44,126. 
planchester,  a  post-village  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  in  Man- 
fcster  township,  on  the  New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad,  30 
ties  S.S.W.  of  Long  Branch,  and  at  the  junction  of  the 
ims  River  Branch,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Toms  River.  It  has 
iphurches,  an  academy,  a  bagging-factory,  and  machine- 
i|ops  of  the  railroad.  Pop.  of  township,  1057. 
jRlanchester,  a  township  of  Passaic  co.,  N.J.  Pop. 
(66.     It  contains  Hawthorne. 

Manchester,  or  Kirk'land,  a  village  of  Oneida  co., 
.Y.,  in  Kirkland  township,  on  Oriskany  Creek,  about  7 
1  les  W.  of  Utica.     It  has  a  church  and  an  iron-furnace. 

p.  158.  Here  is  Kirkland  Post-Office,  also  Kirkland 
I  ition  on  the  Rome  Branch  of  the  Utica,  Clinton  &  Bing- 
'mton  Railroad,  2  miles  N.W.  of  Clinton. 

Manchester,  a  post- village  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
.  inchcstor  township,  on  the  Canandaigua  Outlet,  1  mile 
I  m  Shortsville  Station,  and  17  miles  N.W.  of  Geneva.  It 
U  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  about  250.  The 
I  rnship  contains  other  villages,  named  Clifton  Springs  and 
iortsville,  and  a  pop.  of  3744.     It  is  intersected  by  a 

inch  of  the  New  York  Central  Railroad. 

Manchester,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.C. 

Manchester,  a  post- village  of  Adams  co.,  0.,  in  Jlan- 
I  BSter  township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  40  miles  below 

rtsmouth,  and  72  miles  above  Cincinnati.  It  has  3 
'  urohes,  2  flouring-mills,  a  national  bank,  2  potteries,  a 

tning-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  1965;  of  the 

»nship,  1988. 

Manchester,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  0.    Pop.  621. 

Manchester,  Preble  co.,  0.    See  West  Manchester. 


Manchester,  or  Nimis'ila,  a  village  of  Summit  co., 
0.,  about  11  miles  S.  of  Akron.  It  has  a  tannery,  a  mill, 
<fcc.     Here  is  Nimisila  Post-Office. 

Manchester,  a  suburb  of  Alleghany  City,  Pa.,  on  tba 
N.  bank  of  the  Ohio,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  AVayne  <fc 
Chicago  Railroad,  2  miles  below  Pittsburg. 

Manchester,  a  township  of  Wayne  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Delaware  River.     Pop.  1269.     It  contains  Equinunk. 

Manchester,  a  post-borough  of  York  co..  Pa.,  in  Man- 
chester township,  on  or  near  the  Susquehanna  River,  and 
on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad  (Mount  Wolf  Station),  S 
miles  N.  of  York.  It  has  2  churches,  a  cigar-factory,  and 
a  furniture-factory.     Pop.  406. 

Manchester,  a  decayed  village  of  Sumter  co.,  S.C,  in 
Manchester  township,  on  the  Sumter  &  Kingsville  Branch 
of  the  Wilmington,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  and 
near  the  Camden  Branch  of  the  South  Carolina  Railroad. 
36  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Columbia.     Pop.  of  township,  320. 

Manchester,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Coffee  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  McMinnville  <fc  Manchester  Railroad,  on  the  North 
Fork  of  Duck  River,  and  60  miles  in  a  direct  line  or  85 
miles  by  railroad  S.E.  of  Nashville.  It  has  a  court-house, 
a  newspaper  office,  the  Manchester  College,  4  churches,  and 
2  flouring-mills.     Pop.  500. 

Manchester,  a  station  in  Fort  Bond  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Galveston,  Harrisburg  &  San  Antonio  Railroad,  and  on  the 
Brazos  River,  opposite  Richmond. 

Manchester,  a  post-village,  one  of  the  capitals  of 
Bennington  co.,  Vt.,  is  in  Manchester  township,  on  the 
Battenkill  River,  1  mile  W.  of  Manchester  Station  on 
the  Harlem  Extension  Railroad,  30  miles  S.  of  Rutland, 
and  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bennington.  It  is  about  2  miles 
E.  of  Equinox  Mountain,  and  is  surrounded  by  beautiful 
scenery.  It  contains  a  court-house,  2  churches,  a  national 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  the  Burr  and  Burton  Seminary, 
and  a  large  hotel.  Fine  marble  is  quarried  near  this  place, 
on  Mount  Elias.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1897. 

Manchester,  a  post-town  of  Chesterfield  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  and  on  the  S.  bank 
of  the  James  River,  opposite  Richmond,  with  which  it  is 
connected  by  several  bridges.  It  has  a  beautiful  situation, 
and  contains  a  number  of  elegant  residences,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  5  churches.  Here  are  several  flour- 
ing-mills, and  manufactories  of  cotton,  iron,  paper,  nails, 
tobacco,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  6729;  in  1890,  9246. 

Manchester,  a  post-village  in  Manchester  township. 
Green  Lake  co..  Wis.,  about  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Portage 
City.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  graded  school.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1285. 

Manchester,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Wis.     P.  423. 

Manchester,  a  seaport  of  Nova  Scotia,  Guysborough 
CO.,  on  Milford  Haven,  formed  by  Chedabucto  Bay,  which 
opens  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean  about  120  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Halifax.     Pop.  500. 

flianchester,  Huron  co.,  Ontario.    See  Auburn. 

Manchester,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Whitby  &  Port  Perry  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of  Whitby. 
It  contains  several  hotels  and  stores,  and  is  a  good  grain- 
market.     Pop.  300. 

Manchester  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  in  La  Grange 
township,  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Wappinger's  Creek,  about 
4  miles  E.S.E.  of  Poughkcepsie.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a 
paper-mill. 

Manchester  Centre,  also  called  Coons'ville,  a 
post-hamlet  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y'.,  2i  miles  from  Shortsville 
Station,  and  about  10  miles  N.E.  of  Canandaigua.  It  has 
a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Manchester  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Bennington  co., 
Vt.,  in  Manchester  township,  on  the  Harlem  Extension 
Railroad,  30  miles  S.  of  Rutland.  It  has  a  carriage-shop, 
a  furniture-factory,  marble-works,  and  marble-quarries. 

Manchester  Junction,  or  Watcree  Junction, 
a  station  in  Sumter  co.,  S.C,  on  the  South  Carolina  Rail- 
road, near  Manchester  and  AVateree,  at  the  junction  with 
a  branch  of  the  Wilmington,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad, 
9  miles  E.  of  Kingsville. 

Manchooria,  Mantchooria,  man-choo're-a, 
Mandshooria,  or  Mandchouria  (Chinese,  Lefio- 
Toug  or  Liao-Toung,  le-i'o-toong,  Saghnlien,  si-gi-lee'<!n, 
or  Saghalin,  si-g4-leen',  and  Kirin-Oola,  kee*reen-oo'l4; 
Fr.  Pays  des  Mandchoux  or  Manichous,  pi  dd  mis'choo', 
"country  of  the  Manchoos,"  Mandschiirei,  or  MantcJiourie, 
mdx^choo^rce' ;  Gcr.  Mandachourei,  mint-shoo'rl),  an  ex- 
tensive region  of  East  Asia,  forming  a  division  of  the  Chi- 
nese empire,  between  lat.  39°  and  49°  N.  and  Ion.  120° 
and  133°  E.,  having  S.  Corea  and  the  Yellow  Sea,  W.  Mon- 
golia and  the  Russian  territories,  and  N.  and  E.  the  Russian 


MAN 


1750 


MAN 


Amoor  provlnoos.  Aroa,  300,000  squaro  miles.  Pop.  esti- 
inntod  at  3,000,000.  It  hii«  of  late  boon  greatly  augmented 
by  iinmignition  from  China.  On  the  N.  it  is  bounded  by 
the  Yublonoi  mountain-chain,  and  wcstivard  is  shut  off  from 
Mongolia  by  a  piilisado  connected  with  the  Great  Wall  of 
China.  The  country  is  reported  to  send  large  quantities  of 
corn,  pease,  and  ginseng  to  China,  besides  which  its  principal 
products  comprise  rhubarb,  timber,  and  live-stock.  It  con- 
sists of  three  provinces,  Loao-Tung,  Kirin,  and  Tsistsi-IIar, 
in  the  two  lost  of  which  the  population  are  chiefly  nomadic. 
The  government  is  strictly  military,  except  in  Leao-Tong, 
whore  it  is  organized  as  in  China.  The  Manchoos  are  a 
Tungusian  race.  In  the  seventeenth  century  they  in- 
vaded China  and  placed  their  leader's  son  upon  the  throne. 
Since  that  time  the  Manchoo  dynasty  has  continued  to 
reign  in  China,  and  the  Manchoo  language  has  become 
the  court  and  the  official  language.  Principal  towns,  Mook- 
dcn    (Lcao-Tong),    Kirin-Oohv,    Saghalin-Oola,    Kin-Choo, 

Fung-Whang-Ching,  and  New-Chwang. Adj.andinhab. 

Man'ciioo'  or  Man'tchoo'  (Fr.  MAxocnoa,  m&Nd'shoo',  or 
Manchou,  m&N*shoo'). 

Alanciet,  m6N»'ge-i',  a  villago  of  Franco,  in  Oers,  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Condom.     Pop.  1916. 

Man'cos,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montezuma  oo.,  Col.,  40 
miles  by  mil  W.  of  Durango. 

Ittancuiiitim,  the  ancient  name  of  Manchester. 

Mandal,  m&uM&l,  the  most  S.  town  of  Norway,  stift 
and  23  miles  W.S.W.  of  Christinnennd,  on  the  Skngor-Ilnck, 
with  a  port  17  miles  E.  of  the  Naze.     Pop.  3838. 

Man'dalay,  a  city  of  India,  the  capital  of  Burmah,  C 
miles  N.  of  Amarapoora,  and  al)out  2  miles  from  the  Irra- 
waddy.  Pop.  about  90,000.  It  has  palaces,  convents,  and 
pagodas,  one  of  the  latter  containing  a  brazen  imngu  of 
13u(idha,  much  venerated,  also  a  meteorological  observatory 
built  in  1886.     Pop.  in  1891,  187,910. 

ManMamin,  a  post-villnge  in  Lambton  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  Great  Western  Railway,  51  miles  W.  of  London. 

Manda'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  W.  shore  of  Skaneateles  Lake,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Auburn. 

Mandara^  min-dil'rl,  a  state  of  Central  Africa,  S.  of 
Bornoo.  The  surface  is  mountainous.  It  is  fertile  in  fruits, 
and  abounds  in  forests  and  lakes.  The  inhabitants  are  a 
superior  race  of  Mohammedans,  who  manufacture  iron 
wares  which  they  export  into  Bornoo,  and  have  a  pretty 
formidable  array  of  cavalry.  Mora  is  the  principal  town 
and  the  residence  of  the  chief. 

Man'darin,  a  post-village  of  Duval  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
E.  bank  of  the  St.  John's  River,  15  miles  S.  of  Jackson- 
ville. It  has  4  churches  and  large  orange-groves.  The 
river  is  here  nearly  8  miles  wide. 

Maiidas,  min'dis,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Sardinia,  30 
miles  N.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  1991. 

Mandavee,  or  Manuivce,  min'da-vee\  the  principal 
seaport  town  of  Cutch,  India,  on  the  Gulf  of  Cutch,  about 
35  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bhooj.  Lat.  22°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  69°  27'  E. 
Pop.  50,000.  It  is  fortified,  has  an  open  roadstead,  and  an 
active  tra<le  with  Sinde,  Malabar,  the  Persian  Gulf,  Arabia, 
and  the  W.  coast  of  Africa,  as  far  as  Zanzibar,  besides  a 
large  inland  trade.  Its  exports  comprise  cotton,  silk,  and 
other  piece-goods;  imports,  bullion,  ivory,  hides,  dates, 
cocoa-nuts,  grain,  and  timber. 

Maiidchouria,orMandshooria.  See  Manchooria. 

Alaudcl,  mdn-dfir,  an  island  oflF  the  E.  coast  of  Su- 
matra, 70  miles  S.W.  of  Singapore. 

J>Iandello,  min-dJl'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  14  miles  N.E. 
of  Como,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Lake  Lecco.     Pop.  1097. 

Mnndeo,  mdn-dA'o,  a  river  of  Spain,  falls  by  a  wide 
mouth  into  the  Atlantic  at  Corunna.     Length,  36  miles. 

Mandetivoe,  minM^h-te-voo',  or  Leyden,  li'd?n,  an 
island  in  Palk's  Strait,  N.W.  of  Ceylon,  having  a  port  called 
Kaits.     It  is  populous  and  fruitful. 

jUandeville,  man'do-vll,  a  station  of  Miller  co.,  Ark., 
on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  <fc  Southern  Railroad,  64 
miles  N.E.  of  Texarkana. 

Maiidcville,  a  post-village  of  St.  Tammany  parish, 
La.,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Lake  Pontchartrain,  30  miles  N.  of 
New  Orleans.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  news- 
paner  office.     Pop.  in  1880,  753;  in  1890,  1012. 

Mandevilie,  a  small  post-village  of  Carroll  co..  Mo., 
about  2-1:  miles  S.  of  Chillicothe.     It  h.as  a  church. 

Mniidfirei,  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Floues. 

Alatidhar,  mdn-d'har',  a  small  native  state  on  the  W. 
coast  of  Celebes,  productive  of  maize,  cotton,  cocoa-nuts, 
and  oil.  Its  commerce  by  sea  is  active;  but  the  country  is 
little  known.  The  people  speak  a  peculiar  language,  and 
are  partly  Mohammedans  and  partly  pagans. 

Mandingo,  m&n-ding'go,  or  San  Bias,  s&n  bl&s,  a 


bay  of  the  Caribbean  Sea,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  Itthmai 
of  Panama.     Lat.  9°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  79°  W.  ' 

MandingoSf  man-ding'gds,  a  tribe  of  West  Afrien,  re- 
markable for  their  intelligence,  and,  generally,  for  the  td. 
vances  they  have  ma<lein  civilization.  The  original  oouotrr 
of  this  people,  who  are  now  spread  over  a  great  portion  of 
West  Africa,  was  the  N.  slope  of  the  high  table-land  of 
Senegambia,  between  the  head-waters  of  the  Niger  kod 
Senegal.  Their  language  is  more  widely  difTused  and  more 
employed  by  translators  than  any  of  the  other  language!  of 
West  Africa.  The  personal  appearance  of  the  Mandingo* 
is  prepossessing;  their  features  are  regular  and  open,  and 
their  figures  well  formed  and  comely,  averaj^ing  a  height 
rather  above  the  common.  Their  religion  is  Mohammodon, 
but  they  are  not  rigid  in  its  observances. 

Mandivee,  a  seaport  of  India.    See  Mandavee. 

Mando'ta,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Va.,  1( 
miles  N.W.  of  Bristol,  Tenn, 

MandoAV,  m&nMdw',  or  Mandoo,  m&n-doo',  amined 
city  of  India,  dominions  and  35  miles  S.W.  of  Indoro. 

Mandshuria,  or  Mandshooria.   See  Maxcboorh. 

Mandu,  min-doo',  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  a  lake  of 
its  own  name,  in  Espirito  Santo,  and  joins  the  Doce  4  milei 
below  the  cataracts  of  Escadonhas.     Length,  lUO  miloe. 

Manduel,  mfiN-oMii-dl',  almost  m6}j«Mw4r,  a  villago  of 
France,  Oard,  arrondissemcnt  of  Nfmcs,  on  the  railway  to 
Beaucaire.     Pop.  1875. 

Manduria,  mS,n-doo're-i,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Lccce,  54  miles  N.N.W.  of  Otranto.  It  suffered  much  from 
an  earthquake  in  1783.  Considerable  remains  still  exiit  of 
the  old  Manduria,  destroyed  by  Fabius  Maximus  in  the 
second  Punic  War.     Pop.  8733. 

Maneesa,  Manisa,  mil-nee'8&,  Manissa,  mil-nis'al, 
or  Manika,  m&-nee'k&  (anc.  Magne'eia  ad  Slp'ylHm),t 
town  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the  N.  side  of  Mount  Sipylus,  28 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Smyrna.  It  has  a  citadel  on  a  height, 
and  ancient  walls,  at  the  foot  of  which  is  the  modern  tunn. 
It  has  a  great  many  minarets  and  numerous  handaoine 
public  buildings,  particularly  the  principal  khan,  which  ii 
a  magnificent  structure  of  white  stone.  The  town  has  a 
large  tr.ado  in  cotton,  and  silk  and  cotton  goods  and  gonti'- 
hair  shawls  are  manufactured  here.  Pop.  50,000.  The 
mountains  about  Magnesia  wore  anciently  famous  for  thei 
production  of  the  loadstone,  whence  the  name  "magnet"  ii; 
supposed  to  have  been  derived. 

Maneeyas,  Maniyas,  or  Manias,  mii-nce^&s',  a. 
village  of  Asia  Minor,  55  miles  W.S.W.  of  Brusa,  with 
remains  supposed  to  be  those  of  the  ancient  Pccmanentu. 

Maneeyas-  (or  Maniyas-)  Gal,  mi-neo'yis-gdl, or 
Lake  of  Miletopolis,  mi-le-top'o-lis,  a  lake  of  Asia 
Minor,  10  miles  S.  of  the  peninsula  of  Cyzieus. 

Maner,  a  town  of  India.    See  Moneah. 

Manerbio,  mi-ndit'be-o,  a  town  of  Italy,  13  milef 
S.S.W.  of  Brescia,  on  the  Mella.     Pop.  4893. 

Manergium,  the  Latin  name  of  Marines. 

Maneru,  mi-n&.-roo',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre^  1( 
miles  S.W.  of  Pamplona.     Pop.  1104. 

Manetin,  mi-ni-teen'  (anc.  Manetinaf),  a  town  of 
Bohemia,  18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Pilsen,  on  a  river  of  the  same 
name.     Pop.  1230. 

Manfaloot,  or  Manfalout,  miln-fd-loot',  a  town  of 
Upper  Egypt,  province  of  Minieh,  on  the  left  bank  of  tbej 
Nile,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Sioot.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and 
has  2  Coptic  churches,  woollen-manufactories,  and  a  public 
school. 

Manfooah,  or  Manfouah,  min-foo'l,  a  town  of 
Arabia,  near  its  centre,  450  miles  N.E.  of  Mecca. 

Manfredonia,  man-fre-do'ne-a,  or  min-fri-do'ne-l,  • 
fortified  seaport  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Foggia,  on  a 
bay  of  the  Adriatic,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Foggia.  Lat.  41"  83' 
N.;  Ion.  15°  56'  E.  Pop.  7938.  It  is  enclosed  by  walli 
strengthened  by  large  round  bastions.  Its  port,  sheltered 
by  a  mole  and  defended  by  a  strong  fort,  is  accewible 
only  to  small  vessels.  It  was  founded  by  Manfred  in  the 
thirteenth  century,  1  mile  N.E.  of  the  ancient  iSipowrtm. 
It  is  a  bishop's  see,  the  seat  of  considerable  trade,  and  of  ai 
fishery.     See  Gulf  op  Manpredo.via. 

iUaiiga,  mdn'gi,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  MaranhJo, 
at  the  confluence  of  the  river  Iguara  with  the  Moni-Miriui- 
Pop.  3000. 

Mangaia,  mJn-ghi'i,  or  Mangcca,  min-ghec'i,  one 
of  the  Cook  Islands,  in  the  Pacific.  Lat.  21°  67'  S.;  Ion. 
158°  AV.  It  is  of  volcanic  origin,  and  about  30  miles  in  cir- 
cumference.    Pop.  estimated  at  800.  ^ 

Mangalia,  min-gi-lee'i,  or  Mangali,  min-gi-lcei 
a  town  of  Boumania,  in  the  Dobrudja,  on  the  W.  coast  of 
the  Black  Sea,  68  miles  E.S.E.  of  Silistria.    I'op.  5000. 


MAN 


1751 


MAN 


Mangalore,  mang-ga-l6r',  a  town  of  India,  capital  of 
he  South  Canara  district,  on  the  W.  coast,  80  miles  N.N.W. 
f  Cananore.  Its  port,  formerly  important,  has  become  badly 
Uted,but  there  is  still  a  fair  export  trade  in  rice,  betel,  pep- 
jer,  cassia,  and  other  products.  The  people  are  partly  Mos- 
Lms  of  Arabian  descent  and  partly  native  Christians.  The 
)wn  has  good  Catholic  churches,  a  Protestant  seminary,  a 
ospital,  a  jail,  and  other  public  buildings.  Pop.  18,931. 
Mangaratiba*  man-g4-r4-tee'bi,  a  town  of  Brazil, 
ate  and  53  miles  W.S.W.  of  Rio  Janeiro,  on  the  Bay  of 
ngra  dos  Reis. 

Mangee,  a  town  of  British  India.    See  Manjee. 
Mangeea,  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Masgaia. 
Manglieux,  m6N'»Me-iih',  a  village  of  Franco,  in  Puy- 
B-D6me,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Clermont-Ferrand.     Pop.  1436. 
Mango,  raan'go,  or  Mangano,  min-gi'no,  a  village 
r  Italy,  6  miles  from  Alba.     Pop.  1985. 
Mangoalde,  mdn-go-il'di,  or  Azurara  de  Beira, 
zoo-ri'ri  d4  bd'e-ri,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of 
eira,  8  miles  from  Viscu. 

Mango'hick,  a  post-hamlet  of  King  William  co.,  Va., 
out  20  miles  N.E.  of  Richmond.  It  has  a  church. 
Mangola,man-go'l3,,  or  Mangoli  Xulla,m4n-go'lee 
ol'li,  one  of  the  Xulla  Islands,  in  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
itween  Celebes  and  Coram.  Lat.  (N.  point)  1°  47'  S. ; 
n.  126°  3'  E.  It  is  about  60  miles  long  by  10  miles  broad, 
[nd  is  separated  at  the  W.  end  from  Taliabo  (or  Talyabo) 
Iff  a  narrow  strait. 

I  Mangooroo,  Mangourou,  or  Mangnrii,  min'- 
joo-roo',  written  also  Mangoro  and  Mangoure,a  river 
if  Madagascar,  on  the  E.  coast,  formed  by  several   head- 
jireams.     It  falls  into  the  sea  at  lat.  20°  8'  S.     It  is  navi- 
iable  for  a  considerable  distance. 
Mangrol,M€iiigroal,m4n^gror,or  Man'galpoor', 
large  town  of  India,  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Kattywar.    Lat. 
j°  17'  N. ;  Ion.  76°  28'  E.     It  has  a  fine  mosque  and  a 
rge  trade,  though  its  harbor  is  poor. 
Mangry,  a  town  of  India.     See  Maggeri. 
Dlangueira,  min-gi'e-rd,  a  lake  of  Brazil,  state  of 
io  Grande  do  Sul,  between  Lake  Mirim  and  the  ocean, 
is  90  miles  long  and  only  4  miles  broad.     It  discharges 
self  into  the  sea  by  a  small  stream  called  Taim, 
Mati'gum,  a  township  of  Orange  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  2465. 
Mangum,  a  post-office  of  Richmond  co.,  N.C. 
Man  guru,  a  river  of  Madagascar.     See  Mangooroo. 
Mangyt,  min-ghit',  a  town  of  Central  Asia,  55  miles 
.N.W.  of  Khiva.     It  stands  tolerably  high,  and  is  sur- 
unded  by  a  dilapidated  wall. 

Manhas'sct,  a  post-village  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  is  on 
anhasset  (or  Cow)  Bay,  an  inlet  of  Long  Island  Sound, 
id  on  a  branch  of  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  about  18  miles 
,N.E.  of  Brooklyn.     It  has  5  churches. 
Manhat'tan,  a  township  of  Will  co..  111.     Pop.  922. 
Manhattan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
.  Louis,  Vandalia  <fc  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  28  miles  E. 
N.  of  Terre  Haute.     It  has  2  churches. 
Manhattan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa,  on  or 
lar  Skunk  River,  about  28  miles  N.E.  of  Ottumwa.    It  has 
Souring-mill. 

Manhattan,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Riley  co.,  Kan- 
8,  in  Manhattan  township,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Kansas 
rer,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Big  Blue,  and  on  the  Kansas 
icilic  Railroad,  19  miles  N.E.  of  Junction  City,  and  52 
lies  W.  of  Topeka.     It  contains  6  churches,  a  national 
nk,  2  other  banks,  the  Kansas  State  Agricultural  Col- 
|e,  2  flouring-mills,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufnc- 
res  of  carriages,  <fec.     Pop  in  1880,  2105  ;  in  1890,  3004. 
Manhattan,  a  townsh.p  of  Lucas  co.,  0.     Pop.  1394. 
Manhattan  Beach,  a  watering-place  of  Kings  co., 
A'.,  on  Coney  Island,  and  on  the  ocean,  about  8  miles  S. 
Brooklyn,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  railroad. 
|Manhattan  Island,  New  York,  is  at  the  mouth  of 
,B  Hudson  River,  which  forms  its  western  boundary.     It 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  Harlem  River  and  East  River.     It 
^ttbout  14  miles  long  and  2i  miles  wide.    The  city  of  New 
irk  is  mostly  situated  on  this  island.     The  county  of  New 
kk  comprises  Manhattan  and  several  lesser  islands. 
Manhat'tanville,  a  suburb  of  New  York  City,  is  on 
\i  Hudson  River,  about  8  miles  N.  of  the  City  Hall.   Here 
Manhattan  Station  on  the  Hudson  River  Railroad,  also  a 
latic  asylum  founded  by  the  state. 
Manheigan  Island,  Maine.    See  Monheoan. 
i>liinheini,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Mannheim. 
Manheim,  ma.n'hime,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Cook 
•   111.,  in  Leyden  township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Pacific 
ilroad,  13  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Chicago. 
,Uanheim,  a  township  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.,  bounded 


S.  by  the  Mohawk  River.  Pop.  2179.  It  contains  a  part 
of  Little  Falls. 

Manheim,  a  township  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
2603.     It  contains  Neffsville. 

Manheim,  a  post-borough  in  Rapho  township,  Lancas- 
ter CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Reading  &  Columbia  Railroad,  14  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Columbia,  and  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lancaster. 
It  has  a  national  bank,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  6 
churches,  and  several  factories.     Pop.  in  1890,  2070. 

Alanheim,  a  township  of  York  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Mary- 
land line.  Pop.  1159.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Bachman 
Valley  Railroad. 

ManhU'A^n,  min-hoo^-3,-soo',  a  river  of  Brazil,  pur- 
sues a  N.E.  course  for  about  220  miles,  and  joins  the  Doce. 

Mani,  mi-nee',  an  Indian  village  of  Yucatan,  97  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Campeachy,  at  which  are  numerous  ruins. 

Maniago,  mi-ne-S.'go,  a  town  of  Italy,  25  mile* 
W.N.W.  of  Udine.     Pop.  3777. 

Manias,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Maneeyas. 

Maniatuba,  Brazil.    See  Baylique. 

Manila,  m3,-nec's3,,  a  town  and  petty  state  of  South- 
east Africa,  tributary  to  the  Portuguese.  The  town  is  140 
miles  N.W.  of  Sofala.  The  principal  products  of  the  country 
are  gold-dust,  ivory,  copper,  and  iron. 

Manice,  mi-nee'si.  or  ml-neess',  or  King  George 
River,  a  river  of  East  Africa,  flows  S.,  and  falls  into  the 
N.  side  of  Delagoa  Bay. 

Manickpoor,  a  town  of  India.    See  Manikpoor. 

Manicouagan,  man-e-kwd'gan,  a  river,  lake,  and  bay 
of  Canada,  the  river  (also  called  Black  River)  bringing 
the  surplus  waters  of  several  lakes,  by  a  S.  course  of  150 
miles,  to  Manicouagan  Bay,  in  the  estuary  of  the  St.  Law- 
rence, 27  miles  below  Bersimis. 

ManUdowish',  a  small  river  of  Wisconsin,  rises  near 
the  N.  boundary  of  the  state,  and  flows  southwcstward  into 
Chippewa  River. 

Man'ifest,  a  post-office  of  Catahoula  parish,  La.,  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Harrisonburg. 

Manigod,  mi-ne-god',  a  village  of  France,  in  Savoy, 
between  lofty  mountains,  E.S.E.  of  Annecy.     Pop.  1399. 

Maniiki,  mi-nee-ee'kee,  or  Manihiki,  mi-nee-hee'- 
kee,  a  large  group  of  islets  in  the  Pacific,  ranging  westward 
from  the  Marquesas.  Some  of  them  afi"ord  guano.  Land 
area,  about  50  square  miles. 

Manika,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Maneesa. 

Manikgunge,  or  Manikganj,  mi-nik-gunj',  a  town 
of  Bengal,  Decca  district,  lat.  23°  62'  45"  N.,  Ion.  90°  4' 
15"  E.,  with  a  large  trade,  a  dispensary,  &e.     Pop.  11,542. 

ManUkpoor',  or  Manickpoor',  a  town  of  India,  on 
the  Ganges,  44  miles  S.S.E.  of  Roy  Bareilly.     Pop.  4048. 

Manikyala,  m3,-neek-y3,'li,  a  village  of  the  Punjab, 
between  the  Jhylum  and  Indus  Rivers,  145  miles  N.W.  of 
Lahore,  supposed  to  occupy  the  site  of  the  ancient  Taxila. 

Manila,  mi-nee'la,  or  Manil'la  (Sp.  Manila,  mk- 
nee'13,;  L.  Manil'ia;  Fr.  Manille,  mA'neel'),  the  capital 
city  of  the  island  of  Luzon  and  of  all  the  Philippine  Islands, 
see  of  the  Roman  Catholic  archbishop,  and  one  of  the  great 
emporiums  of  the  East,  on  the  bay  of  the  same  name,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river  Pasig.  Lat.  14°  36'  N. ;  Ion.  121°  E. 
The  city  proper  forms  the  segment  of  a  circle  between  the 
river  and  the  sea,  and  its  suburbs  extend  over  numerous 
islets,  formed  by  the  river  and  its  branches.  The  Pasig  is 
prolonged  into  the  bay  by  two  piers,  terminating,  the  one 
in  a  small  fort,  the  other  in  a  light-house.  Vessels  of  some 
hundred  tons  may  come  up  as  far  as  the  bridge.  On  the  S. 
side  stands  the  city,  having  a  dilapidated  look,  but  strongly 
fortified.  On  the  N.  is  situated  the  Binondo  suburb,  more 
populous  than  the  city  itself;  it  is  the  residence  of  the  foreign 
merchants  and  the  great  centre  of  trade.  The  aspect  of  the 
whole  is  at  once  Spanish  and  Oriental ;  long  lines  of  heavily- 
mounted  batteries,  sombre  churches,  ungainly  towers,  and 
massive  houses  of  solid  masonry,  mingle  with  airy  cot- 
tages in  groves  of  tropical  trees,  raised  on  posts  to  permit 
the  free  passage  of  the  waters  in  the  rainy  season,  and  so 
constructed  as,  by  their  elasticity,  to  stand  the  shocks  of  an 
earthquake.  The  streets  are  straight,  but  for  the  most  part 
unpaved,  and  during  the  rains  almost  impassable.  In  the 
city  the  houses  are  two  stories  high,  and  each  has  its  cen- 
tral court-yard.  Here  reside  the  heads  of  the  state,  church, 
and  army,  and  all  who  would  be  thought  of  the  aristocracy. 
A  bridge  leads  across  the  river  into  the  Binondo  suburb, 
where  a  street,  called  the  Escolta,  runs  to  the  right  and  the 
left,  lined  with  innumerable  shops  and  stalls  and  crowded 
with  a  strange  and  motley  population  of  various  races.  Be- 
yond the  Escolta  a  swarm  of  Chinese,  Indians,  and  half- 
castes  appear  as  goldsmiths  and  jewellers,  painters  and 
enamellers,  oil-    and    soap-merchants,   confectioners,  anu 


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1752 


MAN 


koepera  of  gnmbling-housM  and  oook-shops.  Other  sub- 
urbs have  each  ito  tipocinl  chnriictor.  Sun  Fornanilo  is  the 
■eat  of  gront  cigtir-tuunufnctories,  and  Santo  Mesa  of  a 
oordag«-inanufuciury ;  at  tho  Alcaioorfa  tho  CLinuse  sam- 
pans discharge  their  cargoes;  fishermen  an<l  weavers  inhabit 
the  division  of  Tondo,  and  its  gardens  supply  tho  markets 
nith  fruit  nnd  vogetiibles;  Malate  is  famous  fur  its  em- 
broiderers; Pnco  is  inhiibited  by  artisans  and  artists;  con- 
vuloscents  resort  for  health  to  Santa  Ana  and  San  Pedro 
iitmiti. 

The  principal  public  buildings  are  the  cathedral,  the  pal- 
aces of  the  governor  and  the  archbishop,  a  beautiful  town 
house,  10  churches,  belonging  to  different  religious  orders, 
several  monasteries,  convents,  the  arsenal,  8  colleges  for 
young  men  and  2  for  young  women,  the  supremo  court, 
prison,  civil  hospital,  university,  a  marine  and  a  commer- 
cial school,  a  largo  theatre,  tho  custom-house,  and  barracks. 
The  city  hixs  several  squares,  in  the  largest  of  whioh,  the 
Prado,  there  is  a  bronze  statue  of  Charles  IV. 

The  royal  and  pontifical  University  of  St.  Thomas  is  in 
the  hands  of  the  Dominicans,  and  has  an  attendance  of 
about  500  students.  Tho  college  of  St.  Joseph  belongs  to 
the  Jesuits ;  that  of  St.  John  Latoran  gives  a  plain  educa- 
tion to  240  Indians  and  metit.  The  Eseuela  Pia  belongs  to 
the  city,  and  is  for  Spanish  children  alone.  A  royal  marine 
school  WHS  established  in  1820,  and  a  commercial  school  in 
1840.  The  colleges  of  St.  Potentiana  and  St.  Isabella  are 
for  girls,  tho  latter  for  orphans.  Manila  is  the  seat  of  gov- 
ernment and  of  the  supreme  courts.  The  municipality 
dates  from  1571. 

Admirably  fitted  by  nature  for  trade,  Manila  has  been 
brought,  by  the  political  and  legislative  changes  of  tho 
present  century,  from  a  state  of  comparative  obscurity  to 
rank  with  Calcutta  and  Batavia.  Being  the  chief  port  in 
the  Philippines,  it  is  the  centre  to  which  all  their  produc- 
tions flow,  and  tho  resort  of  an  infinite  number  of  colonial 
Tosscls  of  all  sorts  and  sizes.  It  exports  sugar,  tobacco, 
indigo,  manila  hemp  and  cordage,  gold-dust,  birds'-nests, 
cofl"ee,  sapan-wood,  mats,  hats,  hides,  trepang,  tortoise-shell, 
cigars,  cotton,  rice,  and  coined  money. 

The  manufiictures  of  Manila  consist  chiefly  of  cigars  and 
cheroots,  a  government  monopoly,  which  gives  employment 
to  several  thousands,  both  of  men  and  women;  cordage 
from  the  filament  of  the  abaca,  of  which  the  best  is  made 
by  steam-machinery;  the  beautiful  fabrics  called  piflaii, 
woven  from  tho  fibres  of  the  pine-apple  loaf,  and  after- 
wards exquisitely  embroidered;  jussi  or  sinamaio,  and  vari- 
ous other  cloths  made  of  the  abaca  filament;  pure  or  mixed 
cotton  fabrics;  mats,  and  cigar-cases. 

Manila  was  founded  by  Legaspi  in  1571.  In  1645  it  was 
nearly  destroyed  by  an  earthquake.  In  1762  it  was  taken 
by  a  British  fleet  and  held  for  fifteen  months.  Tho  city 
has  frequently  been  visited  by  severe  and  destructive  earth- 
quakes.    Pop.  100,000,  or,  with  suburbs,  160,000. 

Manil'a,  or  Oak  Or'chard  Ilar'bor,  a  hamlet  of 
Orleans  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Carlton  township,  on  Lake  Ontario,  3 
miles  from  Carlton  Station.  It  has  a  lumber-mill.  See  also 
Oak  Orchard. 

Manila  (m4-ncc'l&)  Bay^  island  of  Luzon,  is  a  land- 
locked sea,  having  an  entrance  about  12  miles  wide,  con- 
tracted by  numerous  islands  into  two  principal  channels, 
—Boca  Grande,  3  miles  wide,  and  Boca  Chica,  2  miles  wide. 
It  measures  about  30  miles  from  N.  to  S.,  and  25  miles  from 
E.  to  AV. 

JUanil'Ia,  a  post-village  of  Rush  co.,  Ind.,  in  Walker 
township,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Columbus  &  Ilush- 
ville,  10  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Rushville.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
graded  school,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  163. 

Maiiil'la,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co.,  Ontario,  5i 
miles  S.E.  of  Canniiigton.  It  contains  6  stores,  2  hotels, 
and  several  mills  and  factories.     Pop.  500. 

Manimagra,  or  Mani  9Iajra,  min-ee-mlj'ra,,  a 
town  of  India,  district  and  28  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Ambala. 
Pop.  5989. 

Maiiipa^  m&-nee'p&,  a  small  island  of  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago, off  the  W.  end  of  Ceram.  Lat.  3°  17'  S.;  Ion.  127° 
28'  E.     It  is  mountainous,  and  about  20  miles  in  circuit. 

Manisecs,  a  former  name  of  Block  Island. 

Manises,  mi-nee'sfis,  a  town  of  Spain,  4  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Valencia,  on  tho  Guadalaviar.     Pop.  2573. 

Man,  Isle  of.    See  Islb  op  Max. 

Manissa,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Mankesa. 

ManUstee',  a  county  of  Michigan,  in  the  N.W.  part 
of  the  lower  peninsula.  Area,  about  550  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Lake  Michigan,  is  intersected  by 
the  Manistee  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Memoosic  and 
Pine  Rivers.    The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level, 


and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  mnr' 
maple,  and  other  trees.  Lumber  is  the  chief  article  of  «. 
port.  This  county  produces  cereal  grttins,  potatoes,  4o  ji 
is  traversed  by  the  Flint  A  Pore  Marquette  nnd  ManUtw 
A  Northeastern  Railroads.  CnpiUil,  Manistee  Pon 
1870,  6074;  in  1880,  12,532;  in  1890,  24,2.iO.     * 

Manistee,  a  city,  tho  capital  of  Manistee  co.,  Mioh  b 
on  Lake  Michigan,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mnnistoo  River ''{( 
miles  N.  of  Ludiiigton,  about  45  miles  S.W.  of  Traveric 
City,  and  72  miles  N.  of  Muskegon.  It  contiiins  a  court, 
house,  6  churches,  a  high  school,  3  newspiiper  offlocs,  i 
bank,  a  public  ball,  a  machine-shop,  a  tannery,  and  ievcnil 
lumber  mills.  Lumber  is  the  chief  article  of  export  It 
was  incorporntod  in  1869.     Pop.  in  1890,  12,812. 

Manistee,  a  township  of  Manistee  eo.,  Mich.  P.  457. 

Manistee  Iliver,  Michigan,  rises  near  the  E.  border  of 
Antrim  co.,  and  runs  southwestward  through  Kalkaska  aod 
Wexford  cos.  It  finally  runs  westward  through  Maniitcf 
CO.,  and  enters  Lake  Michigan  at  tho  city  of  Manistee,  li 
is  about  150  miles  long.    See  also  Monistique  Rivkii. 

Manistiquc,  Schoolcraft  co.,  Mich.    Seo  Ei-si'okt. 

Manitch,  m4-nectch',  or  Manytch,mi-nit<;h',  a  rio 
of  Russia,  issues  from  the  salt  lakes  of  Chaki,  in  the  S.  ii  i. 
of  tho  government  of  Astrakhan,  flows  W.S.W.,  expandin- 
into  Lake  Munituh  or  Bol-Ilmen,  and,  after  a  course  of  abuui 
300  miles.  Joins  the  Don  a  little  above  Old  Chcrkask.  Iti 
principal  affluents  are  the  Charsukul,  on  tho  right,  and  the 
Kalaus  and  Yegorlyk,  on  tho  left.     Seo  Bol-Ilmk.x, 

Man'ito,a  post-village  in  Manito  township.  Mason  co. 
111.,  on  the  Peoria,  Pekin  &,  Jacksonville  Railroad,  12  diIIm 
S.W.  of  Pekin.  It  has  a  money-order  post-office,  a  drug 
store,  a  nursery,  and  a  warehouse  for  grain.  Pop.  375;  of 
the  township,  1352. 

Manito'ba,  a  province  of  Canada,  is  bounded  on  the  S. 
by  Minnesota  and  North  Dakota,  N.  and  E.  by  Keewatln^ 
and  W.  by  the  North-West  Territories  of  the  Douiinion.  I( 
extends  from  49°  to  50°  30'  N.  lat.  and  from  96°  to  99°  W. 
Ion.,  and  has  an  area  of  73,956  square  miles.  A  coniiiderable 
part  of  the  province  is  prairie-land,  perfectly  level,  and  di- 
versified by  groups  of  elm,  ash,  oak,  poplar,  basswood,  anc 
ash-leaf  maple.  It  is  a  rich  black  mould,  resting  pnrtlj 
on  limestone  and  partly  on  hard  clay.  Wheat  ripens  itj 
110  days,  and  gives  an  average  return  of  20  to  25  bushels  m 
the  acre.  All  kinds  of  garden  vegetables,  as  well  as  oat< 
barley,  Indian  corn,  hops,  flax,  hemp,  potatoes,  and  otlici 
root-crops,  are  easily  raised.  Tho  grassy  savannas  of  the 
Red  River  afford  pasturage.  Every  bond  fide  settler  re- 
ceives  a  homestead  or  a  free  grant  of  160  acres  of  land 
The  province  has  railway  communication  southward  will! 
Minnesota,  and  is  traversed  by  the  Canada  Pacific  Railway 
Steamers  ply  on  Rod  River  between  Winnipeg  and  Moor 
head,  Minn. 

The  climate  of  Manitoba,  though  very  severe  in  winter 
is  occasionally  hot  in  summer.  The  mean  for  tho  thrw 
winter  months  of  December,  January,  and  February  is  5' 
below  zero,  and  for  the  summer  months  of  June,  July,  anc 
August,  65°.  Though  tho  winter  is  extremely  cold,  it  I 
mitigated  by  a  clear,  dry  atmosphere,  and  is  very  healthy.  I 

Tho  principal  rivers  are  the  Assiniboinc,  480  miles  longj 
and  Red  River,  665  miles  long,  625  of  which  are  in  thii 
United  States.  Tho  largest  lakes  (only  a  part  of  which! 
however,  are  in  Manitoba)  are  Winnipeg,  280  miles  lon(| 
and  5  to  57  miles  wide,  and  Manitoba,  110  miles  longaDO 
25  miles  wide.  Winnipeg  is  the  capital.  There  aro  tw(| 
bishops  in  tho  province, — the  Archbishop  of  St.  Bonifawj 
(Roman  Catholic),  residing  at  St.  Boniface,  and  the  Bisho]! 
of  Rupert's  Land  (Church  of  England),  residing  at  St.  John: 
The  j)ublic  affairs  aro  administered  by  a  lieutonont-goV' 
ernor,  an  executive  council,  a  legislative  council  appointe* 
for  life,  and  a  legislative  assembly  elected  every  4  years: 
Pop.  in  1871,  25,228;  in  1881,  62,260;  in  1891,  154,442.   j 

The  province  is  well  provided  with  educational  institu 
tions.  It  has  3  colleges, — St.  John's  (Church  of  England)' 
St.  Boniface  (Roman  Catholic),  and  Kildonan  (PresbyU 
rian), — a  convent,  and  many  common  and  parish  schools. 

This  section  of  North  America  was  first  visited  by  th, 
French.  Chevalier  do  la  V^randryo  built  a  fort  at  th 
mouth  of  the  Assiniboine  in  1731.  The  French  continuei 
to  trade  there  alone  for  many  years,  but  in  17C7  the  fir' 
English  traders  visited  it,  and  soon   several   rival  com 

Eanies  were  in  operation.  The  Hudson's  Bay  Compan. 
aving  sold  a  tract  of  land  to  tho  Earl  of  Selkirk,  on  bot- 
sides  of  the  Assiniboine  and  of  the  Red  River,  his  lordshi, 
planted  there  in  1812  a  colony  known  by  the  name  of  Se! 
kirk  Settlement,  Red  River  Settlement,  or  A.ssiniboia.  I 
1836  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  repurchased  from  th 
heirs  of  Lord  Selkirk  the  same  tract  of  land  ceded  to  a 


MAN 


1753 


MAN 


Ijlship  in  1811,  and  continued  to  exercise  authority  over 
t^  portion  of  Rupert's  Land  by  the  appointment  of  the 
gfernor  and  council  of  Asslniboia,  which,  in  course  of 
tie,  especially  after  the  settlers  had  declared  independence 
otrado  in  1849,  formed  a  rather  independent  adminiatra- 
tji  for  the  local  affairs  of  the  colony,  the  limits  of  which 
ejended  but  fifty  miles  around  Fort  Garry.  That  colony 
M  forms  the  greatest  part  of  the  province  of  Manitoba. 

Li  March,  1869,  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company  agreed  to  hand 
tlho  imperial  government  their  territorial  rights  and  gov- 
enng  responsibilities,  and  on  the  16th  of  July,  1870,  Eng- 
Iid  handed  the  whole  to  the  Canadian  government.  It 
w  during  that  period  that  the  lied  River  troubles  took 
pbe.  The  transactions  between  England  and  Canada,  as 
\f  as  with  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  having  been  made 
■niiout  consulting  or  even  paying  any  attention  to  the 
gjernment  and  people  of  Assiniboia,  a  deep  feeling  of  un- 
elness  arose,  and  the  Canadian  authorities  coming  into 
tlj  country  before  tho  transfer  met  resistance.  In  the 
up  time  a  provisional  government  was  formed  by  the 
skiers  to  secure  their  rights  and  come  to  an  agreement 
viji  the  Dominion  of  Canada ;  and  the  entry  of  Manitoba 
iijp  the  Confederation  was  effected  in  1870. 

^lanitoba  Lake  is  in  British  America,  a  few  miles 
Sf.  of  Lake  Winnipeg,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  an 
o|et.  The  southern  end  of  it  is  near  lat.  50°  30'  N. 
liigth,  about  110  miles. 

^anitou,  raan'§-too,  a  large  river  of  Quebec,  falls  into 
tljN.  shore  of  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  a  short  distance 
biw  the  Bay  of  Seven  Islands.  It  abounds  in  trout  of  a 
Yf  large  size.  About  a  mile  and  a  half  from  its  mouth  it 
pbipitates  its  waters  in  one  unbroken  sheet  over  a  preci- 
p|  113  feet  high,  forming  a  beautiful  cascade. 

jlauitou,  man'e-too,  a  county  of  Michigan,  has  an 
B.f  of  120  square  miles.  It  consists  of  several  small 
isnds  in  Lake  Michigan,  near  its  northern  end.  Beaver 
land,  the  largest  of  them,  is  about  14  miles  long.  The 
snaoe  is  partly  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  produces 
ou,  grass,  potatoes,  &o.  Capital,  St.  James,  situated  at 
to  northern  extremity  of  Beaver  Island.  Pop.  in  1870, 
8'i-  in  1874,  exclusive  of  Manitou  and  Fox  Islands,  657,* 
infeso,  1334;  in  1890,  860. 

kanitou  Creek,  Colorado,  rises  about  8  miles  N.  of 
Pb's  Peak,  runs  northward  and  northwestward,  and  enters 
taSouth  Platte  River  in  Douglas  co.     It  is  27  miles  long. 

Janitoulin,  man^e-too'lin  or  man^e-too-leen',  a  group 
of^lands  stretching  from  E.  to  W.  along  the  N.  shore  of 
Lie  Huron,  and  consisting  chiefly  of  the  Great  Mani- 
toln  or  Sacred  Isle,  Little  Manitoulin  or  Cockburn,  and 
D  mmond.  Great  Manitoulin,  80  miles  long  by  20  miles 
brd,  has  an  area  of  1600  square  miles,  is  deeply  indented 
bjlumerous  bays,  and  has  an  elevated  and  very  rugged 
8u|ico.  Many  of  the  precipices  are  covered  with  clumps 
of^autiful  trees,  and  behind,  in  the  interior,  are  large  and 
dae  pine  forests.  Little  Manitoulin  has  a  diameter  of 
abtt  7  miles,  and  in  its  general  features  resembles  Great 
Miitoulin.  The  channel  between  them  is  about  8  miles 
loij  and  4  broad.  Drummond  Island,  in  Michigan,  is  24 
mils  long,  with  a  breadth  varying  from  2  to  12  miles,  and 
ha  in  irregular  surface,  covered  with  large  masses  of  rock. 
It  separated  from  the  shore  on  the  W.  by  a  strait,  called  the 
Tr  Detour,  which  is  scarcely  1  mile  wide,  and  which 
fois  the  principal  passage  for  vessels  proceeding  to  Lake 
Sujrior.  Exce])t  Drummond,  the  islands  belong  to  the 
prtince  of  Ontario.     Pop,  2011. 

fnitouliii   Lake.     See  Georgian  Bay. 
nitou-Naniaig,  ni-mag',  a  river  of  the  North- 
Territories,  N.  of  Lake  Superior,  enters  the  Keno- 
gii;  River  6  miles  from  the  outlet  of  Long  Lake. 

^anitou  River,  of  Brown  co.,  Wis.,  falls  into  the  Fox 
or  senah  River  a  little  above  the  town  of  Green  Bay.  Its 
coie  is  nearly  parallel  with  Fox  River. 

lanitou  Springs,  a  post-village  and  summer,  tourist, 
nei  h,  and  pleasure  resort  of  El  Paso  co..  Col.,  is  situated 
»t  e  base  of  Pike's  Peak,  80  miles  S.  of  Denver,  and  5 
ini|;  N.W.  of  Colorado  Springs.  Elevation,  6296  feet 
ttbip  the  level  of  the  sea.  It  has  3  large  summer  hotels, 
4  urches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  remarkable 
*ocl  springs,  which  are  reputed  to  have  sanitary  proper- 
tie  imilar  to  those  of  Seltzer  water.  Here  is  also  another 
jpijg,  containing  iron.  Manitou  Springs  is  surrounded 
byllmirable  scenery,  and  from  here  tourists  can  ride  on 
ho|back  to  the  summit  of  Pike's  Peak.  Pop.  in  1890, 1439. 
J|»n4towan'ing,  a  post-village  on  Great  Manitoulin 
I'ljd,  on  a  deep  bay  on  the  N.  shore,  150  miles  from  Col- 
linjood. 
nnitowick,  man'e-tSw'Ik,  a  lake  of  the  district  of 
111 


Algoma,  Ontario,  forms  one  of  the  sources  of  the  Michi. 
picoten  River,  which  enters  Lake  Superior. 

Manitowoc',  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Wisconsin, 
has  an  area  of  about  580  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  Lake  Michigan,  is  intersected  by  the  Man- 
itowoc River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the  Sheboygan 
River.  The  surface  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of 
pine,  sugar-maple,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Wheat,  oats,  hay,  lumber,  butter,  and  cattle  are  the  staple 
products.  Silurian  limestone  underlies  a  part  of  the  soil. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore 
&  Western  Railroad  (Western  division).  Capital,  Mani- 
towoc. Pop.  in  1870,  33,364;  in  1880,  37,505;  in  1890, 
37,831.  _ 

Manitowoc,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Manitowoc  co.,  Wis., 
is  on  the  W.  shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  at  the  mouth  of  u 
river  of  its  own  name,  and  on  tho  Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore 
&  Western  Railroad,  77  miles  N.  of  Milwaukee,  48  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Fond  du  Lac,  and  65  miles  W.  of  Lincoln,  Mich. 
It  has  a  good  harbor.  It  contains  a  court-house,  11  churches, 
a  high  school,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  a  number  of 
steam  mills,  and  5  tanneries.  Four  weekly  newspapers  (2 
of  which  are  German)  are  published  here.  Leather,  lumber, 
and  wheat  are  the  chief  articles  of  export.  Ship-building 
is  carried  on  here  on  a  large  scale.  Manitowoc  is  partly 
surrounded  by  a  chain  of  hills  which  are  about  70  feet 
high  and  which  form  a  semicircle  nearly  IJ  miles  in  diani- 
eter.     Pop.  in  1880,  6367;  in  1890,  7710. 

Manitowoc,  a  township  of  Manitowoc  co.,  AVis.,  on 
Lake  Michigan,  contiguous  to  Manitowoc  City.    Pop.  1234. 

Manitowoc  Rapids,  a  post-village  of  JIanitowoo  co., 
Wis.,  is  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  on  the  Manitowoo 
River,  3  miles  from  Lake  Michigan,  and  on  the  Milwaukeij, 
Lake  Shore  <fc  Western  Railroad,  about  2  miles  W.  of  the 
city  of  Manitowoc.  It  has  water-power  and  several  saw- 
mills.    Pop.  of  the  township,  2074. 

Manitowoc  River,  Wisconsin,  is  formed  by  two 
branches  which  rise  in  Calumet  co.  and  unite  at  the  bound- 
ary between  the  cos.  of  Calumet  and  Manitowoc.  It  ruiis 
eastward  through  the  latter,  and  enters  Lake  Michigan  at 
the  city  of  Manitowoc. 

Maniwaki,  Quebec.     See  River  Desert. 

Maniyas-Gal,  Asia  Minor.    See  Maneevas-Gal. 

Manjanik,  min-ji-neek',  a  ruined  city  of  Persia,  in 
Khoozistan,  on  the  Abi-zard  River,  60  miles  S.E.  of  Shooster. 

Manjee,  Mangee,  or  Manjhi,  min-jee',  a  town  of 
India,  on  the  Goggra,  near  the  Ganges,  district  and  44  milea 
N.W.  of  Patna.     Pop.  5747. 

Mankasscr,  island  of  Celebes.    See  Macassar. 

Mankato,  man-ki'to,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Blue  Earth 
CO.,  Minn.,  is  in  Mankato  township,  on  the  right  bank  6f 
the  Minnesota  River,  nearly  2  miles  below  the  mouth  of 
the  Blue  Earth  or  Mankato  River.  It  is  12  miles  S.  of 
St.  Peter,  86  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Paul,  and  77  miles  W.  of 
Rochester.  It  contains  14  churches,  the  Second  State  Nor- 
mal School,  a  high  school,  a  Catholic  college,  2  national 
banks,  3  large  hotels,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  3  or 
4  weekly  newspapers,  1  of  which  is  German.  It  is  on  the 
St.  Paul  &  Sioux  City  Railroad,  the  Central  Railroad  of 
Minnesota,  and  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  or  AVinona  A 
St.  Peter  Railroad.  Small  steamboats  can  ascend  the  river 
to  this  place.  Mankato  has  3  breweries,  4  carriage-fiic- 
tories,  3  flouring-milla,  2  foundries  with  machine-shops,  a 
plough -factory,  a  pump-factory,  2  furniture-factories,  sev- 
eral elevators  for  grain,  and  4  largo  hardware-stores.  Thei'e 
are  several  beautiful  lakes  in  the  vicinity.  Pop.  in  ISStt, 
5550  ;  in  1890,  8838;  of  the  township  in  1890,  1H64. 

Mankato  Junction,  a  station  in  Blue  Earth  od., 
Minn.,  on  tho  Winona  &  St.  Peter  Railroad,  4  miles  N.E. 
of  Mankato,  to  which  a  branch  railro.ad  extends  hence. 

Mankato  River.     See  Blue  Earth  River. 

Mankcra,  mln-ki'ri,  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  between 
tho  Jhylum  and  the  Indus.  Lat.  31°  23'  N.;  Ion.  71° 
30'  E. 

Man^kore',  or  Manknr,  mln-koor',  a  town  of  Bengal, 
district  and  22  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Burdwan.    Pop.  401H). 

Manlia,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Mallen. 

Man'lius,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bureau  co.,  111.,  in  Manlius 
township,  about  12  miles  N.AV.  of  Princeton,  and  24  milea 
S.  of  Sterling.    Pop.  of  the  township,  973.    It  has  a  church. 

Manlius,  a  township  of  La  Salle  co.,  111.  Pop.  2463. 
It  contains  Seneca  and  Marseilles. 

Manlius,  a  township  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  663. 
It  contains  New  Richmond.  Manlius  Station  is  on  the 
Chicago  &  West  Michigan  Railroad,  17  miles  N.  of  Grand 
Junction. 

Manlius,  a  post-village  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Man- 


MAN 


1754 


MAN 


Hui  township,  on  Hmostone  Croek,  and  on  the  Syraouso  A 
Chenango  Kuilroad,  12  mlloB  E.S.E.  of  Syracuse.  It  con- 
tains 4  cburohos,  an  academy  or  graded  school,  a  paper- 
mill,  2  foundries,  2  flouring-mills,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a 
manufactory  of  cement.  Pop.  879.  The  township  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Erie  Canal,  and  contains  villages  named  Fay- 
•ttevilie  and  Manlius  Station.     Pop.  of  the  township,  6357. 

Illaiilias  CcntrCja  post-hamlet  of  Onondaga  oo.,  N.Y., 
in  Manlius  township,  on  the  Erie  Canal  and  the  Syracuse 
A  Chenango  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  a 
malt-house.     Pop.  100. 

Mnulius  Station,  a  post-village  of  Onondaga  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Manlius  township,  on  the  New  York  Central  Rail- 
road, 8  miles  E.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
graded  school.     Pop.  about  400. 

Alanlleu,  railn-U-oo',  a  town  of  Spain,  Catalonia,  40 
miles  N.X.E.  of  Barcelona,  on  the  Ter.     Pop.  8559. 

Alan'Iy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C.,  30  miles  S. 
of  Marion,  Va.     It  has  a  church. 

Manly  Junction,  a  post- village  of  Worth  oo.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Central  Railroad  of  Iowa,  at  its  junction  with  the 
Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad,  11  miles  S. 
of  Northwood. 

iUauly  Station,  a  post-oflSce  of  Moore  co.,  N.C. 

Man'lyville,  a  small  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Tenn., 
about  90  miles  W.  of  Nashville. 

Man'moel,  or  Mam'hole,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co. 
of  Monmouth,  near  Tredegar,  and  7  miles  W.  of  Pontypool. 
It  has  iron-  and  coal-works.     Pop.  14,645. 

Mannahawkin,  Now  Jersey.    See  Manahawkin. 

Maun'boroiigh,  a  post-hnmlet  of  Amelia  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Appomattox  River,  about  22  miles  W.  of  Petersburg. 

M&iincdorf,  mSn'n^h-donr,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
on  the  Lake  of  Zurich,  canton  and  11  miles  S.E.  of  Zurich. 
Pop.  2585. 

Manncrsdorf,  m4n'n?rs-doRr,  a  town  of  Austria,  20 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Vienna.  Pop.  2378.  It  has  a  castle  and 
mineral  baths. 

Mannersdorf,  mlp'n^rs-donr  (Hun.  Menyhard,  mJfl*- 
hird'),  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Zips,  4  miles  S.  of  Kes- 
mnrk.     Pop.  1000. 

Alannersdorf  (Ilun.  Kethely,  kSt'hil'),  a  town  of 
Hungary,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Oedonburg. 

Man'ney's  Neck,  a  township  of  Hertford  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  1313. 

Mannhartsberg,  mlnn'hauts-b5RG\  a  wooded  moun- 
tain-range of  Austria,  terminates  near  the  Danube,  about 
25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Vienna. 

Mannheim,  or  Manheim,  minn'hirae,  a  town  of 
Baden,  capital  of  the  circle  of  the  Lower  Rhine,  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Rhine,  between  it  and  the  Neckar,  op- 
posite Ludwigshafen,  at  a  railway  junction,  66  miles  S.S.Av. 
of  Frankfort.  It  is  entered  by  three  principal  gates,  and  is 
built  with  the  greatest  regularity, — 12  streets  running  par- 
allel to  one  another,  and  10  crossing  them  at  right  angles. 
The  public  squares  are  almost  all  adorned  with  fountains, 
which,  however,  are  not  well  supplied  with  wiiter.  The 
principal  public  buildings  are  the  castle  or  palace,  a  huge 
quadrangular  structure  of  red  sandstone ;  the  church  of 
the  Jesuits,  an  imposing  edifice,  with  a  profusely-decorated 
interior;  the  observatory,  107  feet  high,  the  theatre,  the 
parish  church,  the  churches  of  Concord  and  Trinity,  the 
synagogue,  the  town  house,  the  old  mint,  the  arsenal, 
barracks,  merchants'  hall,  and  house  of  correction.  The 
manufactures  are  extensive,  and  comprise  sugar,  cord- 
age, soap,  perfumery,  starch,  tobacco,  cigars,  rubber  goods, 
leather,  jewelry,  carpets,  glassware,  beer,  Ac.  The  trade 
has  recently  been  very  much  extended,  and  Mannheim  is 
now  the  first  commercial  town  in  the  grand  duchy.  This  it 
owes  to  its  admirable  position  on  two  important  navigable 
rivers,  and  it  has  an  excellent  artificial  port.  The  principal 
articles  of  trade  are  tobacco,  corn,  timber,  petroleum,  fruits, 
wine,  wood,  hops,  linen,  millinery,  ironmongery,  cattle,  Ac. 
Mannheim  was  once  strongly  fortified,  and,  lying  not  far 
from  the  French  frontier,  and  near  the  centre  of  military 
operations,  was  repeatedly  the  object  of  attack  and  suffered 
severely  during  the  wars  between  France  and  Germany. 
Pop.  in  1885,  61,210;  in  1890,  79,044. 

Mann'heim,  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  co.,  Ontario,  7 
miles  S.W.  of  Berlin.  It  has  2  stores,  a  flax-mill,  and  a 
flour-mill.     Pop.  250. 

Man'ning,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clarendon  co.,  S.C., 
in  Manning  township,  on  a  branch  of  Black  River,  10  miles 
W.  of  Foreston  Station,  and  about  50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Colum- 
Ma.     It  has  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  lumber-mill, 

>d  2  turpentine-distilleries.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1278. 
banning)  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  S.C.    Pop.  858. 


Man'ningham,  a  N.W.  suburb  of  Bradford,  YorkihtM 
England.     I'op.  19,683.  ^ 

Man'ningham,  a  post-village  of  Butler  co.,  AU. 
about  46  miles  S.W.  of  Montgomery.     It  has  2  ohurchcs 

Mnn'ning  River,  a  river  of  New  South  Wales  ritci 
about  Ion.  151°  30'  E.,  flows  E.,  and  falls  into  the  ml  b» 
several  outlets,  in  lat.  32°  8.  ' 

Man'nington,  township,  Salem  co.,  N.J.    Pop.  2351. 

Mannington,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  W.  v«. 
on  the  Baltimore  <t  Ohio  Railroad,  60  miles  S.8.E.  of 
Wheeling,  and  about  20  miles  N.  of  Clarksburg.  It  biu  : 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  tannery,  2  flour-millg,  »  cigar, 
factory,  Ac.     Pop.  411. 

Man'ningtree,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Essex,  ot 
the  navigable  river  Stour,  at  a  railway  junction,  9^  mil« 
S.S.W.  of  Ipswich.     Pop.  970.  ^ 

Mnnningville,  Quebec.    See  Franklin. 

Mann's  Choice,  a  post-village  in  Harrison  townihip 
Bedford  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Bedford  division  of  the  Penni<Tl 
vania  Railroad,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Bedford.  It  has  2churcbei 
a  tannery,  and  2  hotels. 

Mann's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Ada  co.,  Idaho, 

Mann's  Harbor,  a  post-office  of  Dare  co.,  N.C. 

Manns'ville,  apost-hamlct  of  Taylor  oo.,  Ky.,  BTmilei 
S.S.E.  of  Louisville.     It  has  a  church. 

Mannsville,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.T.,  h 
EUisburg  township,  on  the  Rome,  Watertown  k  Ogdensburf 
Railroad,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Watertown.  It  has  6  churcbo 
a  graded  school,  2  grist-mills,  a  steam  saw-mill,  a  ohccM: 
factory,  a  tannery,  and  2  carriage-shops.     Pop.  500. 

Mannsville,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co..  Pa.,  about  II 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Carlisle. 

Mannu,  mUn-noo',  a  river  of  the  island  of  Sardinlt 
after  a  S.  course  of  40  miles,  enters  the  lagoon  of  Cagliari 
7  miles  N.W.  of  that  city. 

Mann'ville,  a  station  of  Brown  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  St 
Joseph  and  Denver  City  Railroad,  37  miles  W.  of  St.  Jostpli 

Mannville,  a  post-office  of  Sumter  co.,  S.C. 

Mannville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marathon  co.,  Wis.,  oi 
the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  200  miles  N.W.  of  Mil 
waukee.     It  has  manufactures  of  pine  lumber. 

Man'ny,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Sabine  parish,  La. 
about  80  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Shrcveport.     It  has  3  churchct 

Manny's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Montgomery  co, 
N.Y.,  li  miles  from  Amsterdam.     It  has  a  church. 

Manoe,  mi'nii'^h,  a  small  island  of  Denmark,  in  th 
North  Sea,  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ribe. 

Manoel-Alves,  mH-no-Sl'-il'vis,  a  small  river  of  Bri 
zil,  joins  the  Tocantins  from  the  right,  in  the  province  o 
Goyaz,  near  the  confluence  of  the  Somno.   See  Luiz-Altd 

Manoel-Alves  Septentrional,  mi-no-ir-ll'vl 
s8p-t6n-tre-o-nir,  a  river  of  Brazil,  ri.«cs  in  the  mountaitij 
between  the  states  of  Pemambuco  and  Piauhy  and  proceed 
W.N.W.,  and,  after  a  course  of  400  miles,  joins  the  Tocm 
tins  from  the  right,  above  SSo  Pedro  d'Alcantara. 

Manoel-Ilha,  mi-no-fir-eel'yi,  an  island  of  Br»d 
near  the  mouth  of  the  Appodi. 

Manolee,  Meenolee,  or  Manoli,  min'o-lee,  atow 
of  India,  district  and  35  miles  E.  of  Bclgaura.    Pop.  62.1; 

Man'omin,  a  post-village  of  Anoka  co.,  Minn.,  in  Mai 
omin  township,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Mississippi  Ri't 
and  on  the  St.  Paul  A  Pacific  Railroad,  17  miles  N.W.  o 
St.  Paul.  It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  of  tl 
township,  144. 

Manono  (mi-no'no)  Island,  one  of  the  N&vigati 
Islands,  in  the  Pacific.     Lat.  13°  50'  S.;  Ion.  172"  2'  V. 

Manopello,  mi-no-pSl'lo,  or  Mannpcllo,  val-w 
pSrio,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Chieti,  9  miles  S.W.  o 
Chieti.     Pop.  of  commune,  4027. 

Manor,  a  station  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.  See  MASORTtiii 

Man'or,  a  township  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa.  Pop.lO'| 
exclusive  of  Manorville. 

Manor,  a  post-township  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  aMut 
miles  S.W.  of  Lancaster  City,  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  I 
the  Susquehanna  River.  Pop.  4371.  It  contains  Miilcr| 
ville  and  the  borough  of  Washington. 

Manor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Travis  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  nes 
em  Branch  of  the  Houston  A  Texas  Central  Railroad, 
or  14  miles  E.  of  Austin.    It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-im 

Man'or  Dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co.,l' 
in  Franklin  township,  about  22  miles  E.  by  S.  of  PitUbor 
It  has  a  steam  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Manor-Ham'ilton,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  w 
trim,  12  miles  E.  of  Sligo.     Pop.  977.  _ 

Man'or  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Barre  township,  «« 
tingdon  co..  Pa.,  about  30  miles  E.N.E.of  Altoona.  Ito 
3  churches  and  about  20  bouses. 


MAN 


1755 


MAN 


Manor  Kill,  a  post-hamlot  in  Conesville  township, 
jliohorie  co.,  N.Y.,  about  32  miles  SAY.  of  Albany.  It 
!  s  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Manor  Station,  a  post- village  in  Penn  township, 
'  Bstmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  24 
;pes  E.S.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  haa  2  churches,  a  bank,  a 
(Ll-mine,  a  high  school,  a  planing-mill,  and  1  or  2  flour- 
-pla.     Pop.  about  400. 

IMan'orville,  a  post-village  in  Brookhaven  township, 
llffolk  CO.,   N.Y.,  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  at  the 

faction  of  the  Sag  Harbor  Branch  with  the  main  line, 
d^  miles  E.  of  Brooklyn.  It  has  2  churches  and  3  stores. 
]p.  about  450.     Station  name.  Manor. 

jManorville,  a  post-village  of  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.,  in 
inor  township,  on  the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the  Al- 
ithany  Valley  Railroad,  2  miles  S.  of  Kittanning.  It  has 
tfehurch,  a  tannery,  an  oil-refinery,  a  limestone-quarry, 
X    Pop.  330. 

Manosque,  mi^nosk'  (L.  Manuesca),  a  town  of  France, 
ijBasses-Alpes,  39  miles  S.W.  of  Digne.  It  owes  its  origin 
tithe  counts  of  Forcalquier,  who  built  a  palace,  and  after- 
mis  conveyed  both  it  and  the  town  to  the  Knights  of  St. 
iin  of  Jerusalem.  It  has  tanneries,  a  coal-mine,  and 
ihiufactures  of  oil,  hats,  &c.     Pop.  5162. 

plan'otick,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Wcau  River,  and  on  the  St.  Lawrence  &  Ottawa  Railway, 

■jiuiles  S.  of  Ottawa.  It  has  a  woollen-mill,  2  grist-mills, 
lb  6  stores.     Pop.  200, 

jMan^poor',  a  fortified  town  of  India,  state  and  55 
ifles  E.N.E.  of  Jeypoor.     Pop.  4000. 

wlan'quin,  a  post-office  of  King  William  co.,  Va. 

plnnresa,  min-rA.'s3,,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  30 
iflcs  by  rail  N.N.AV.  of  Barcelona.  Pop.  15,160.  It  has  a 
cllegiate  and  4  parish  churches,  a  hospital,  an  orphan  asy- 
l|u,  barracks,  and  an  endowed  school.  Its  inhabitants 
ijnufacture  cotton  and  silk  fabrics,  broadcloths,  tapes, 
rfbons,  gunpowder,  and  brandy.  It  is  surrounded  by  old 
^jlls,  commanded  by  a  fort,  and  has  well-paved  streets. 

Mans,  a  city  of  France.    See  Le  Maxs. 

INLansfeld,  mins'fSlt,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  30 
lies  N.W.  of  Merseburg.     Pop.  1655. 

ttans'fleld,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  14  miles  by 
rl  N.N.W.  of  Nottingham,  and  on  the  borders  of  Sher- 
T)d  Forest.  It  has  an  ancient  church,  a  grammar-school 
f  nded  by  Queen  Elizabeth,  a  moot  hall,  a  theatre,  manu- 
f  tures  of  hosiery  and  lace,  iron-foundries,  and  a  large 
tde  in  malt.     Pop.  of  parish  (1891),  15,925. 

Hans'field,  a  post-township  of  Tolland  co.,  Conn.,  is 
iersected  by  the  New  London  Northern  Railroad.  It  con- 
tis  villages  named  Mansfield  Centre,  Mansfield  Depot, 
(rieyville,  and  Merrow,  the  last  named  being  a  station 

0  the  railroad.  It  has  manufactures  of  cotton  goods, 
sing-silk,  <tc.      Pop.  1911.      Mansfield  Post-OfBce  is  3 

1  es  N.E.  of  Mansfield  Depot.  Here  is  an  asylum  for 
t  insane. 

lansfield,  a  post-village  in  Blue  Ridge  township, 
Itt  CO.,  III.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Paducah  Railroad  where  it 
c  sses  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  &  Western  Railroad, 
3  miles  S.E.  of  Bloomington,  and  145  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Ccago.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  grain- 
e  rator.     Pop.  about  400, 

lansfielu,  a  post-hamlet  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.,  on  Rac- 
©1  Creek,  about  25  miles  N.E.  of  Terre  Haute.  It  has  a 
C.  rch,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  wagon-shop, 

Iansfield,a  post-village,  capital  of  De  Soto  parish, 
1 ,  about  38  miles  S.  of  Shroveport.  It  is  situated  in  a 
f(  ile  country,  of  which  cotton  is  the  staple  product.  It 
Bi  tains  the  Mansfield  Female  College,  a  newspaper  office, 
3  lurches,  2  grist-mills,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  813. 

lansfield,  a  post-village  in  Mansfield  township,  Bris- 
tcBo.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston  &  Providence  Railroad,  at  its 
j  ction  with  the  New  Bedford  &  Taunton  Railroad  and 
tl  Mansfield  &  Framinghara  Railroad,  24  miles  S.  by  W. 
o: Boston,  and  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Providence.  It  has 
Wjral  churches,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
ttiufactures  of  cutlery,  jewelry,  straw  goods,  baskets, 
nges,  Ac.  The  township  also  contains  West  Mansfield, 
aj  has  a  pop.  of  3432. 

^ansfield,  a  post-township  forming  the  S.W.  ex- 
tijoity  of  Freeborn  co.,  Minn.,  about  14  miles  S.AV.  of 
Alert  Lea.     Pop.  421. 

'lansfield,  a  hamlet  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  in  Mans- 
fiU  township,  1  mile  from  Columbus,     It  has  2  churches, 

flansfield,  township,  Burlington  co.,  N.J.     Pop.  2880. 

jlansfield,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.    Pop.  1997. 

■lansfield,  a  township  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
l:,}.    Post-office,  Eddyville. 


Mansfield,  a  post-office  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
18  miles  E.  of  Poughkeepsie. 

Mansfield,  a  city  of  Ohio,  the  capital  of  Richland  co., 
is  pleasantPj' situated  on  a  commanding  eminence,  179  miles 
N.E.  of  Cincinnati,  67  miles  W.S.W.  of  Akron,  and  54  miles 
S.  of  Sandusky.  It  is  on  the  Atlantic  <fc  Great  Western 
Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  & 
Chicago  Railroad  and  the  Lake  Erie  division  of  the  Balti- 
more &  Ohio  Railroad.  It  is  also  the  S.E.  terminus  of  the 
Northwestern  Ohio  Railroad.  It  contains  a  court-house,  12 
churches,  many  elegant  residences,  the  Mansfield  Seminary. 
2  national  banks,  a  savings-bank,  several  iron-foundries, 
a  paper-mill,  manufactories  of  machinery  and  farming- 
implements,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  3  daily  and  4 
weekly  newspapers.     Pop.  in  1880,  9859  ;  in  1890,  13,473. 

Mansfield,  or  Mansfield  Valley,  a  post-borough 
of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Pittsburg  &  St.  Louis  Rail- 
road, at  the  junction  of  the  Charticrs  Railroad,  and  on 
Chartiers  Creek,  which  separates  it  from  Chartiers  borough, 
6  or  7  miles  S.W.  of  Pittsburg.  Here  are  6  churches,  3 
banks,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  a  furnace  for  smelt- 
ing silver,  and  coal-mines.  Pop.  (including  Chartiers)  about 
4000.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Mansfield  Valley. 

Alansfield,  a  post-borough  of  Tioga  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Tioga  River,  and  on  the  Tioga  &  Elmira  State  Line  Railroad, 
10  miles  N.  of  Blossburg,  and  35  miles  S.W.  of  Elmira, 
N.Y.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  state  normal 
school,  4  churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  lumber, 
leather,  furniture,  sash,  chairs,  <fec.     Pop.  in  1890,  1762. 

Mansfield,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Tenn.,  11  miles 
S.E.  of  Paris,  and  about  55  miles  N.E,  of  Jackson.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  cotton-factory,  and  3  stores. 

Mansfield,  a  post-village  of  Tarrant  co.,  Tex.,  about 
28  miles  S.W.  of  Dallas, 

Mansfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Louisa  co.,  Va.,  about  50 
miles  N.W.  of  Richmond. 

Mansfield,  a  post- village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
Boyne  River,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Angus.     Pop.  100. 

Mansfield  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Tolland  co,. 
Conn.,  in  Mansfield  township,  4  miles  N.  by  E.  of  AVilli- 
mantic,  and  about  28  miles  E.  of  Hartford,  It  has  a  church, 
a  silk-factory,  and  a  cotton-factory, 

Mansfield  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Tolland  co..  Conn., 
in  Mansfield  township,  on  the  Willimantic  River,  and  on  the 
New  London  Northern  Railroad,  25  miles  N.N,AV.  of  Nor- 
wich,    It  has  a  manufactory  of  organ-pipes, 

Mansfield  Island,  in  Hudson's  Bay,  British  North 
America,  is  about  70  miles  in  length. 

Mansfield  Valley,  Pennsylvania.    See  Mansfield, 

Mansfield  Wood'house,  a  village  of  England,  co. 
of  Notts,  1  mile  N.  of  Mansfield.     Pop.  of  parish,  2474. 

Mansigne,  m6N«^seen^yi',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Sarthe,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  La  FlSche. 

Mansilla,  min-seel'yi,  the  name  of  several  villages  of 
Spain,  the  principal  being  Massilla  de  las  Mulas  (min- 
seel'yi  dd  lUs  moo'lis),  province  and  11  miles  S.E.  of  Leon, 
on  the  Esla,  with  715  inhabitants. 

Mansle,  m6\l,  a  town  of  France,  in  Charente,  16  miles 
N.  of  Angoulfime.     Pop.  1900. 

Man'son,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.,  in  Perry 
township,  on  the  Logansport,  Crawfordsville  <t  Southwestern 
Railroad,  21  miles  N.E.  of  Crawfordsville.   It  has  2  churches. 

Mansou,  a  post-village  in  Lincoln  township,  Calhoun 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Dubuque  &  Sioux  City  Railroad,  18  miles 
W.  of  Fort  Dodge.  It  has  a  church,  2  hotels,  a  steam  grist- 
mill, and  a  grain-elevator.     Pop.  in  1890,  822. 

Manson,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Raleigh  <fc  Gaston  Railroad,  54  miles  N.N.E.  of  Raleigh, 
It  has  a  flour-mill  and  5  general  stores, 

Man'sonville  Pot'ton,  otherwise  South  Potton, 
a  post-village  in  Brome  co,,  Quebec,  on  the  Southeastern 
Railway,  89  miles  E.S.E.  of  Montreal,  It  contains  a  saw- 
mill, 4  stores,  and  a  hotel.     Pop,  250, 

Mansoorah,  Mansouran,  or  Mansurah,  min- 
soo'ri,  a  town  of  Egj'pt,  capital  of  Dahkaleeyeh  province, 
at  a  railway  junction,  on  the  Damietta  branch  of  the  Nile, 
34  miles  S.W.  of  Damietta.  It  has  6  mosques,  a  trade  in 
cotton,  manufactures  of  sail-cloth  and  linens,  and  a  public 
school.     Pop.  in  1882,  26,784. 

Mansoorieh,  Mansourieh,  or  Mansurieh,  min- 
soo-ree'§h,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  near  the  confluence 
of  the  Euphrates  and  Tigris,  48  miles  N.W.  of  Bassorah. 

Mansoorsk,  Mansoursk,  or  Mansursk,  min- 
goonsk',  a  village  of  Siberia,  government  and  110  miles 
N.E.  of  Irkootsk. 

Mansnra,  min-soo'ri,  apost-village  of  Avoyelles  parish, 
La.,  7  miles  S.  of  Marksville,     It  has  a  church. 


MAN 


1756 


MAN 


Mansarah,  a  town  of  Egypt    See  Mansochah. 

Alansarieh,  a  torrn  of  Turkey.    See  Manbooriib. 

Mnnsarsk,  a  village  of  Siberia.    See  Mansooiisk. 

Alantat  m&n't&,  a  seaport  of  Ecuador,  provinoe  of  Ma- 
Babi,  110  iiiilca  N.W.  of  Lcuodor. 

Mantalagoo8e«  mon-tal-i^-goos',  a  lake  of  British 
America,  near  48°  N.  lat.  and  75°  W.  Ion. 

Mantno,  m&n-t&'o,  a  considerable  rirer  of  Madagascar, 
flon'ing  into  the  sea  on  its  E.  coast. 

Maiitnro,  a  river  of  Peru.    See  Jauja. 

Mantchooria,  Asia.    See  MAKcnooniA. 

lUanteigas,  m&n-td'g&s,  a  village  of  Portugal,  prov- 
ince of  Beira-Baixa,  18  miles  W.S.W. of  Guarda.    Pop.  2607. 

Mante'nO)  a  post-village  in  Mantcno  township,  Kan- 
kakee CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  Branch  of  the  Illinois  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  47  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Chicago,  and  9  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  Kankakee.  It  has  3  churches,  a  cheese-factory, 
a  money-order  post-office,  a  carriage-factory,  Ac.  Pop. 
about  600  ;  of  the  township,  1681. 

MantcnO)  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Iowa,  on  Mill 
Creek,  about  46  miles  N.N.E.  of  Council  Bluffs.  It  hoji  a 
church.     Pop.  60. 

Mante'o,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dare  co.,  N.C.,  is 
on  Roanoke  Island,  in  Nags  Head  township,  about  3  miles 
from  tho  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  66  miles  E.  of  Plymouth. 

Alantcs-SUr-Seine,  mANt-siiR-s&n  (ano.  Mednntaf), 
a  town  of  France,  Seino-et-Oise,  capital  of  an  arrondisse- 
ment,  on  the  Seine,  36  miles  W.N.W.  of  Paris,  on  tho  rail- 
way to  Rouen.  Pop.  5649.  It  is  prettily  situated,  adorned 
with  fountains,  and  has  a  Gothic  church  and  remains  of 
former  fortifications ;  also  tanneries  and  flour-mills. 

Manti,  man'ti,  a  post-town,  capital  of  San  Pete  co.,  Utah, 
is  on  the  San  Pete  River,  about  120  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Salt 
Lake  City.  It  is  in  a  long,  beautiful,  and  fertile  valley,  of 
which  wheat,  wool,  and  potatoes  arc  tho  staple  products. 
Manti  has  a  church,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  and  manufac- 
tures of  flour,  leather,  lumber,  <fec.     Pop.  in  1890,  1950. 

Mantinea,  rain-te-neo'a,  a  village  and  ruined  city  of 
Greece,  Morea,  giving  name  to  the  government  of  Man- 
tinea,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Tripolitza.  It  has  remains  of  walls 
and  towers.  In  its  vicinity  was  fought  the  battle  in  which 
Epaminondas  received  his  death-wound,  B.C.  363. 

Mantiqueira,  m&n-te-kd'r&,  a  serra  or  mountain- 
range  of  Brazil,  containing  the  highest  summits  in  the  in- 
terior of  that  empire.  It  stretches  from  E.  to  S.W.  in 
the  S.  part  of  the  state  of  Minas-Qeraes,  and  appears  to 
have  various  ramifications,  extending  into  the  surround- 
ing provinces.  It  is  crossed  by  several  roads  leading  from 
Minas-Geraes  into  the  more  eastern  provinces. 

Manila  Kobiahi,  m&nt'l&  ko-be-i'he,  a  town  of  Ben- 
gal, Boglipoor  district.     Pop.  7925. 

Alan'ton,  a  post- village  of  Wexford  co.,  Mich.,  in  Cedar 
Creek  township,  on  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad, 
109  miles  N.  of  Grand  Rapids,  and  16  miles  E.  of  Sherman. 
It  has  2  saw-mills,  a  planing-mill,  2  shingle-mills,  and  a 
money-order  post-office.     Pop.  about  400. 

Manton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Maries  co.,  Mo.,  about  22 
miles  S.  of  Jefibrson  City. 

Manton,  a  post-village  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  on  the 
Providence  &  Springfield  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  by  N.  of 
Providence,  of  which  city  it  is  a  suburb.  It  has  several 
churches  and  factories.     Pop.  463. 

Man'torville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dodge  co., 
Minn.,  in  Mantorville  township,  on  the  South  Branch  of 
the  Eumbro  River,  about  30  miles  S.E.  of  Faribault,  32 
jiiles  N.  by  E.  of  Austin,  and  3  or  4  miles  N.  of  Kasson 
Station.  It  has  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  2 
churches,  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  469 ;  of  the  township, 
exclusive  of  the  villages  of  Mantorville  and  Kasson,  811. 

Mantotte,  mdn-tott',  a  town  of  Ceylon,  on  its  N.W. 
coast,  opposite  the  island  of  Manaar. 

Mantna,  man'tu-a  (It.  Mantova,  min'to-vl;  Fr.  Man- 
toue,  mftifoHoo'),  a  fortified  city  of  Italy,  capital  of  a  prov- 
ince, on  an  island  in  the  Mincio,  and  on  the  railway  from 
Verona  to  Modena,  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  "Verona.  Lat.  45° 
9'  34"  N.;  Ion.  10°  48'  1"  E.  Pop,  28,048.  It  is  sur- 
rounded by  swamps,  crossed  by  artificial  dams,  which  connect 
it  with  several  fortified  suburbs  and  outworks.  Principal 
public  buildings,  the  cathedral,  designed  by  Giulio  Ro- 
mano, with  marble  fajadc,  the  Palazzo  Impcriale,  and 
various  private  palaces,  the  Castello  di  Corte,  formerly  the 
palace  of  the  Gonzagas,  the  Palazzo  Vecchio,  in  which 
Napoleon  held  his  court,  several  convents,  a  Jews'  syna- 
gogue, civil  hospital,  2  orphan  asylums,  Jews'  asylum,  ar- 
senal, cavalry  barracks,  theatre,  a  public  library  of  80,000 
volumes,  and  a  sculpture-gallery.  It  has  a  lyccum,  gym- 
nasium, academy  of  fine  arts,  several  scientific  and  literary 


institutions,  botanic  garden,  and  numerous  collecUoni  in 
art  and  science.  The  manufactures  comprixo  silk,  woollen 
and  linen  fabrics,  paper,  cordage,  leather,  and  parchuent' 
Outside  the  walls,  but  within  the  fortress,  is  tho  Palauo  del 
Te,  with  a  fine  fresco  by  Giulio  Romano.  Mantua  is  the  sc« 
of  a  bishop,  and  tho  seat  of  a  civil,  criminal,  and  mercantilt 
court.  It  is  said  to  have  been  founded  by  the  Etruicani 
400  years  before  the  building  of  Rome.  It  is  mcntionej 
by  Iloman  writers  under  its  present  name  (Mantua).  On 
the  decline  of  the  Roman  empire  it  was  jiillaged  by  the 
Huns,  and  afterwards  taken  by  the  Longobards.  Charlc 
magne  gave  it  its  first  fortifications.  'Ihe  Gonzogw,  m 
marquises  and  finally  as  dukes  of  Mantua,  governed  it 
with  groat  ability  from  1328  to  1707,  and  distinguiihod 
themselves  by  the  splendor  of  their  court  and  their  pntron- 
age  of  literature  and  art.  Upon  the  death  of  the  lost  duke 
in  1708,  tho  Emperor  Joseph  took  possession  of  tho  duclir 
and  annexed  it  to  his  other  dominions.  In  IBGC  it  paucd 
from  Austrian  rule.  Among  the  distinguished  native*  the 
name  by  far  the  most  illustrious  is  that  of  Virgil,  who  wiu 
born  at  Andes  (now  Pietole),  in  its  vicinity. 

Mantua,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  bavin; 
Emilia  on  the  S.  and  Vonetia  on  the  N.E.  Area,  8j6 
square  miles.  It  is  low,  level,  and  fertile.  Capital,  Wan 
tua.     Pop.  288,942. 

Mantua,  an  ancient  town  of  Spain.    See  Madrid. 

Mantua,  man'tu-a,  a  hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  AU.,  13 
miles  N.  of  Eutaw. 

Mantua,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  1208. 

Mantua  (formerly  Carpenter's  Landing),  a  pott- 
village  in  Mantua  township,  Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  on  a  creek 
of  the  same  name,  and  near  the  AVest  Jersey  Railroad,  II 
miles  S.  of  Camden,  and  1  mile  W.  of  Wenonah  Railroiid 
Station.  It  has  2  churches,  a  public  school,  and  a  coach 
factory.    Pop.  of  the  township,  1897. 

Mantua,  a  post-villngo  of  Portage  co.,  0.,  in  Mantua 
township,  about  22  miles  N.E.  of  Akron.  The  township 
contains  4  churches,  5  cheese-factories,  3  grist-mills,  4  saw- 
mills, and  a  village  named  Mantua  Station.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1126. 

Mantua,  formerly  a  suburban  village  of  Phikdelphiai 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  the  northern  section  of  West  Philadelphia  Hndi 
nearly  opposite  the  Painnount  Water- Works.  The  locality  i» 
now  embraced  in  the  24th  ward  of  the  city  of  Philadelphia. 

Mantua,  a  hamlet  of  Collin  co.,  Tex.,  about  2U  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Sherman.     It  has. a  church.     Pop.  86. 

Mantua  Creek,  New  Jersey,  runs  northwestward 
through  Gloucester  co.,  and  enters  the  Delaware  River 
about  5  miles  below  the  mouth  of  the  Schuylkill. 

Mantua  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md., 
about  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Baltimore. 

Mantua  Station,  a  post-village  in  Mantua  township, 
Portage  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cuyahoga  River,  and  on  the  Ma- 
honing division  of  the  Atlantic  <fc  Great  Western  Railroad, 
30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cleveland.  It  has  2  churches,  2  steam 
flouring-mills,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  350. 

Manua,  m&-noo'a,  or  Omanooau,  o'mi-noo'aw,  uu« 
of  the  Samoan  Islands,  in  tho  South  Pacific  Ocean.  Lat. 
14°  15'  S.;  Ion.  169°  26'  W. 

Manuel,  m4-noo-6r,  a  village  of  Spain,  province  and 
about  28  miles  from  Valencia.     Pop.  1388. 

Man'uels,  a  fishing  station  in  the  district  of  HaAor 
Main,  Newfoundland,  14  miles  from  St.  John's.    Pop.  140. 

Manuesca,  the  Latin  name  of  Maxosque. 

Manumuskin,  New  Jersey.    See  Manajiuskix. 

Ma^nunk'a  Chunk,  a  station  in  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  A 
AVestern  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Belviderc  Dela- 
ware Railroad,  98  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia. 

Manupello,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Mangpello. 

Manvers,  Ontario.    See  BALLYDurr. 

Man'vil  le,  a  post-village  of  Jefi"erson  co.,  Ind.,  7  mild 
E.N.E.  of  Madison.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  »i 
grist-mill,  <fec.     Pop.  about  200. 

Manville,  a  post-villago  in  Lincoln  township,  Provi- 
dence CO.,  R.I.,  and  partly  in  Cumberland,  on  the  BIaek-( 
stone  River,  and  on  the  Providence  <t  Worcester  Railruad, 
12  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Providence.  It  has  2  churches  and  3 
cotton-mills. 

Manwas,  mln-wis',  a  town  of  India,  in  Bundelcund, 
40  miles  S.E.  of  Rewah. 

Manx,  Great  Britain.    See  Isle  or  Mas. 

Many,  mifl,  Kis,  kish,  and  Nagy,  n5dj,  two  village 
of  Hungary,  33  miles  N.E.  of  Stuhlweissenburg.    P.  30»0. 

Manyas'ka,  a  township  of  Martin  co.,  Minn.    V.  la"- 

Many  (men'§)  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Oregon  co.  Ho. 

Manytch,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Maxitcb. 


MAN 


1757 


MAP 


JMan/anares,  min-thi-ni'rSs,  a  river  of  Spain,  New 
istile,  joins  the  llenares,  after  a  S.  course  of  40  miles,  12 
(les  S.S.E.  of  Madrid,  which  is  on  this  river. 
iManzanares,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  27  miles 
I  of  Ciudad  Ileal.      Pop.  10,275.      Principal   buildings, 

parish  church,  a  hospital,  cavalry  barrackSj  and  an  old 

tie.     It  has  manufactures  of  linen  and  wine. 
anzanares,  min-si-ni'rSs,  a  river  of  Venezuela, 
iters  the  Caribbean  Sea  near  Cumana,  after  a  N.  course 
1 40  miles. 

Hanzaneda  -  de  -Tribes,  mln-thl-ni'Di-di-tree'- 

,  a  town  of  Spain,  42  miles  E.  of  Orense. 

'anzanera,  min-thi-ni'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Tcruel.     Pop.  929. 
anzanilla,  mdn-th5,-neel'yi,  a  town  of  Spain, prov- 

e  and  27  miles  E.  of  Iluelva.     Pop.  1993. 

lauzanilla,  min-si-neel'yi,  a  high  and  projecting 
lint  on  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  on  the  coast  of  the  Car- 
Lan  Sea.  Lat.  9°  39'  N.;  Ion.  79°  32'  W. 
Manzanilla,  a  bay  in  the  island  of  Ilayti,  on  the  N.W, 
(list,  has  excellent  anchorage.  Lat.  19°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  72°  W. 
blanzanilla,  a  point  of  Venezuela,  on  the  Caribbean 
&,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Coro.    Lat.  11°  31'  N.j  Ion.  69° 

;Fw. 

jnianzanilla,  a  point  on  the  island  of  Trinidad,  E. 
(list.     Lai.  10°  31'  N.;  Ion.  61°  4'  W. 

iftlanzanilla  Liinon,  min-si-neel'yl  le-mon',  or 
ivy  Bay,  in  the  republic  of  Colombia,  Isthmus  of 
Ihaiua,  on  the  Carribbeun  Sea,  a  little  to  the  E.  of  the 
Buth  of  the  river  Chagres.  It  forms  a  large,  beautiful, 
rtl  secure  roadstead,  about  5  miles  in  width,  and  upon  it 
ithe  town  of  Aspinwall. 

Maiizanillo,  m4n-si-neel'yo  or  mln-thi-neel'yo,  a 
trn  and  seaport  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Cuba, 
8&ut  85  miles  W.N.W.  of  Santiago  de  Cuba.  Lat.  20°  22' 
Ij;  Ion.  77°  15'  W.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  and  a  trade  in 
cfee,  sugar,  and  fruit.  Steamers  plying  between  Batabano 
aji  Santiago  de  Cuba  touch  at  this  port.     Pop.  5643. 

Ilauzauillo,  a  town  of  Mexico,  on  the  Pacific,  state 
ail  80  miles  W.  of  Colima.  It  is  very  beautifully  situated, 
vh  a  deep  and  safe  harbor.  It  has  200  dwellings,  mostly 
0  vood,  a  church,  2  commission-houses,  and  20  retail  stores. 
Is  a  very  unhealthy  pla-^e,  on  account  of  the  proximity 

0  stagnant  lakes. 

lanzano,  min-z3,'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Udino,  on 
i.  Natisone,  about  6  miles  from  Palma.     Pop.  2808. 

fanzaiio,  mJn-zi'no,  a  post-village  of  Valencia  co., 
J  IT  Mexico,  25  miles  S.E,  of  Peralta.  It  has  2  churches 
a.[  a  woollen-mill. 

lanzat,  mby^h',  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy-de-DOme, 

1  miles  N.W.  of  Clermont-Ferrand.     Pop.  304. 

f  aon,  mi-in',  a  small  island  of  Dalmatia,  in  the  Adri- 
ft i,  W.  of  the  island  of  Pago.     Length,  about  5  miles. 

laoona,  Maouna,  or  Maiiua,  ma,-oo'ni,  or  Mas- 
«:re  Island,  Pacific  Ocean,  Samoan  group,  is  in  lat. 
1  22'  S.,  Ion.  171°  AV. 

fapello,  mil-p6rio,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and 
T|of  Bergamo.     Pop.  1947. 

lapilca,  ml-peel'ki,  a  village  of  Mexico,  state  of  Vera 
C  z,  with  remains  of  a  ruined  city. 

lapimi,  mi-pee'mee,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  and  130 
Ejs  N.N.E.  of  Durango.  Pop.  2400.  It  gives  name  to  a 
laje  desert  tract,  the  Bolson  de  Mapimi. 

tapimi  Lake,  called  also  Cayman,  ki-min'  (i.e., 
"aiigator"  lake),  a  lake  of  Mexico,  on  the  borders  of  Du- 
ngo  and  Cohahuila. 

lapiri,  ml-pee-rce',  a  considerable  river  of  Bolivia, 
Ti|e8  with  the  Chuqueapo  to  form  the  Beni. 

•la'ple,  a  township  of  Monona  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  631.  It 
C(|:ain8  Mapleton. 

laple,  a  township  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  257. 

laple,  a  post-office  of  Ionia  co.,  Mich. 

taple,  a  post-office  of  Macon  co..  Mo.,  7  miles  \V.  of 
Ainta  Railroad  Station. 

taple,  Brown  co.,  0.    See  Brownsville. 

(aple,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  i  mile  from 
Rbmond  Hill  Station.  It  contains  5  stores  and  a  hoteU 
P.  250. 

(aple  Bay,  a  post-hamlet  on  Vancouver  Island,  45 
ma  from  Victoria,  on  Maple  Bay,  a  beautiful  landlocked 
1m,  surrounded  by  hills  and  mountains. 

laple  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas, 
tilt  70  miles  S.E.  of  Wichita. 

Taple  City,  Leelanaw  co.,  Michigan.    See  Kassok. 

laple  Creek,  Nebraska,  rises  in  or  near  Stanton  co.. 
It  r«(x;t8  Colfax  CO.,  runs  E.  through  Dodge  co.,  and  enters 
K  lorn  River  9  miles  N.  of  Fremont.    It  is  80  miles  long. 


Maple  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Dodge  co..  Neb.,  on 
Maple  Creek,  about  50  miles  N.W.  of  Omaha. 

Maple  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Tenn., 
about  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Huntingdon.  It  has  a  church,  an 
academy,  <fec. 

Maple  Creek,  township,  Outagamie  co.,  Wis.  Pop.  746. 

Maple  Cy'press,  a  post-office  of  Craven  co.,  N.C. 

Ma'pleford,  a  post-office  of  Colquitt  co.,  Ga.,  25  miles 
E.  of  Camilla.     Here  are  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Maple  Glen,  Scott  co.,  Minn.    See  Spring  Lake. 

Maple  Green,  a  post-settlement  in  Restigouche  co., 
New  Brunswick,  on  the  Restigouche  River,  7  miles  from 
Campbellton.     Pop.  100. 

Maple  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ala.,  8 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Centre.     It  has  several  stores. 

Maple  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Edwards  co.,  IlL 

Maple  Grove,  a  station  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of 
Green  Castle. 

Maple  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa,  8 
miles  W,  of  AVinterset. 

Maple  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Pottawatomie  co.,  Kansas. 

Maple  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Trigg  co.,  Ky. 

Maple  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Aroostook  co.,  Mc. 

Maple  Grove,  a  village  of  Adams  township,  Berkshire 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Pittsfield  &  North  Adams  Railroad,  1 
mile  S.  of  South  Adams.  It  has  cotton  and  woollen-mills, 
for  which  the  Hoosac  River  affords  motive-power. 

Maple  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Barry 
CO.,  Mich.,  32  miles  S.AV.  of  Lansing.     Pop.  1315. 

Maple  Grove,  township,  Saginaw  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  532. 

Maple  Grove,  a  post-township  of  Hennepin  co.,  Minn., 
about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Minneapolis.  Pop.  1050.  It  con- 
tains part  of  Osseo. 

Maple  Grove,  a  hamlet  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.T.,  in 
Otisoo  township,  6  miles  AV.  of  Onativia.     It  has  a  church. 

Maple  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
44  miles  S.  of  Utica.     It  has  a  church. 

Maple  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co..  Pa. 

Maple  Grove,  a  post-office  of  AVestmoreland  co.,  Va. 

Maple  Grove,  a  post-township  of  Manitowoc  co.,  AVis., 
17  miles  AA^.N.AV.  of  Manitowoc  City,  is  intersected  by  the 
Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore  &  AVestern  Railroad.  It  contains 
a  village  named  Roedville,  and  has  4  churches.    Pop.  1423. 

Maple  Grove,  township,  Shawano  co.,  AVis.    Pop.  439. 

Maple  Grove,  a  village  in  Stormont  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Cornwall  Canal,  4  miles  from  Cornwall,     Pop.  100. 

Maple  Grove,  a  post-village  in  Megantic  co.,  Quebec, 
at  the  head  of  Lake  AVilliam,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Somerset. 
It  has  a  carding-mill,  3  saw-mills,  and  2  stores.     Pop.  300. 

Maple  Hill,  a  post-township  of  AVabaunsee  co.,  Kan- 
sas.    Pop.  252. 

Maple  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Picrson  township,  Mont- 
calm CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad, 
32  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Grand  Rapids.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Maple  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Oswego  co,,  N,Y.,  3  or  4  miles 
from  AVilliamstown  Station. 

Maple  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  about 
6  miles  S.  of  AVilliamsport.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Maple  Hill,  a  post- village  in  Bruce  co.,  Ontario,  3 J 
miles  from  AValkerton.     Pop.  100. 

Maple  Lake,  a  post-office  in  Maple  Lake  township, 
AVright  CO.,  Minn.,  on  a  small  lake,  about  40  miles  W.N.AV. 
of  Minneapolis.     Pop.  of  the  township,  467. 

Maple  Land'iug,  a  post-office  of  Monona  co.,  Iowa, 
on  Maple  River. 

Maple  Lawn,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  W.  Va. 

Maple  Plain,  a  post-village  of  Hennepin  co.,  Minn., 
on  the  St.  Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad,  22  miles  AV.  of  Minne- 
apolis,    It  has  a  church,  a  carriage-factory,  a  bank,  &c. 

Maple  Range,  a  hamlet  of  Oceana  co.,  Mich.,  about 
24  miles  N.  of  Muskegon. 

Maple  Rap'ids,  a  post-village  in  Essex  township, 
Clinton  co.,  Mich.,  on  Maple  River,  14  miles  N.AV.  of  St. 
John.  It  has  3  churches,  a  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  a  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  foundry,  a  planing-mill,  and  a  money 
order  post-office.     Pop.  about  600. 

Maple  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bay  co.,  Mich.,  40 
miles  N.  of  Bay  City.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Maple  Ridge,  a  post-township  of  Isanti  co.,  Minn. 
Pop.  254.     Its  post-office  is  15  miles  AA'.  of  Rush  City. 

Maple  Ridge  Station  of  the  Peninsula  division  of 
the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad  is  16  miles  S,  of 
Little  Lake,  Mich,     Here  is  Dc  Beque  Post-Office. 

Maple  River,  Iowa,  drains  part  of  Cherokee  co.,  and 
runs  southward  to  Ida  Grove,  thence  southwestward,  and 
enters  the  Little  Sioux  in  Monona  co.     Length,  120  milcn 


MAP 


1758 


MAR 


Slapie  River*  Michigan,  rises  in  Shiawassee  oo.,  and 
drains  parts  of  Clinton  and  Gratiot  cos.  It  finally  runs 
southwostvrard,  and  enters  Grand  liivor  in  Ionia  oo.,  at 
Lyons.     Lonjrth,  about  75  miles. 

Mnple  River*  Minnesota,  rises  in  Faribault  oo.,  runs 
northward  in  Blue  Earth  oo.,  and  unites  with  the  Le  Sueur 
River  about  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mankato. 

JMnpIc  River,  Montana,  rises  on  the  W.  slope  of  the 
Roulvy  Mountains,  runs  southward  in  Missoula  oo.,  and  ou- 
ters Flathead  or  Solish  Lalce. 

Maple  River,  Emmott  oo.,  Mich.    See  Bnrrus. 

Maple  River  Junction,  a  poat-hamlet  of  Carroll  oo., 
Town,  at  tho  junction  of  the  Maple  River  and  Chicago  & 
Northwestern  Railroads,  89  miles  N.E.  of  Omaha,  Nub. 

Maples,  a  post-village  of  Allen  oo.,  Ind.,  on  the  Pitts- 
burg, Fort  Wayne  <fc  Chicago  Railroad,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Fort  Wayne.  It  has  a  church  and  manufactures  of  head- 
ing and  staves. 

Maple's  Mill,  a  post-hamlot  of  Fulton  co..  111.,  7i 
miles  E.  of  Lewistown.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Maple  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C. 

Maple  Springes,  a  post-hamlot  of  Rod  River  co.,  Tex., 
about  25  utiles  S.E.  of  Paris.     It  has  a  church. 

Maple  Springs,  a  jwst-offico  of  Dunn  co..  Wis. 

Maple  Street,  a  post-hamlet  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  2i 
miles  from  Wilson  Railroad  Station. 

Maplesville,  ma'p'lz-vil,  a  post-village  of  Chilton  oo., 
Ala.,  on  tho  Selma,  Rome  &  Dal  ton  Railroad,  32  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  Selma.     It  has  a  church  ami  3  stores. 

Mapleton,  ma'p'l-tpn,  a  post-village  in  Ilollis  town- 
ship, Peoria  co.,  III.,  on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw  Rail- 
road, 8  miles  S.W.  of  Peoria.  Good  coal  is  mined  here. 
Pop.  about  300. 

Mapleton,  a  post- village  in  Maple  township,  Monona 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  Maple  River,  and  on  the  Maple  River  Rail- 
road, 14  miles  S.W.  of  Ida  Grove. 

Mapleton,  a  post- village  of  Bourbon  co.,  Kansas,  near 
the  Little  Osage  River,  about  16  miles  N.W.  of  Fort  Scott. 

Mapleton,  a  post-township  of  Aroostook  co.,  Me,,  18 
miles  from  Fort  Fairfield.     Total  pop.  444. 

Mapleton,  Clinton  co.,  Mich,     bco  Duplain. 

Mapleton,  a  post-offico  of  Grand  Traverse  co.,  Mich., 
«n  Grand  Traverse  Bay,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Traverse  City. 

Mapleton,  or  Mapleton  Station,  a  post-viTlage  in 
Mapleton  township,  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn.,  on  Maple  River, 
and  on  tho  Central  Railroad  of  Minnesota,  18  miles  S.  of 
Mankato.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  furni- 
ture and  wagons.     Pop.  about  200  ;  of  the  township,  731. 

Mapleton,  a  hamlet  of  Middlesex  co.,  N.J.,  li  miles 
from  Plainsborough  Station.  It  has  a  flour-mill  on  Mill- 
stone River. 

Mapleton,  a  hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y.,  6  miles 
from  Palatine  Bridge.    It  ha«  a  church. 

Mapleton,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  N.D.,  12  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Fargo. 

Mapleton,  a  post-village  of  Stark  co.,  0.,  about  9  miles 
S.E.  of  Canton.  It  has  2  churches,  2  saw-mills,  and  a 
stone-quarry.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Mapleton,  a  borough  of  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Juniata  River,  amid  picturesque  scenery,  and  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  43  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Altoona,  and  9 
miles  S.E.  of  Huntingdon.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  tan- 
nery.    Pop.  715.     Post-office  name,  Mapleton  Depot. 

Mapleton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waukesha  co..  Wis.,  7  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Oconomowoc,  and  about  30  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Milwaukee.     It  has  a  church. 

Mapleton  Depot,  Pennsylvania.    See  Mapleton. 

Mapletown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co..  Pa.,  about 
50  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg. 

Maple  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wayno  township, 
Henry  co.,  Ind.,  6  miles  N.  of  Knightstown.  It  has  a 
church. 

Maple  Valley,  a  township  of  Buena  Vista  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  233. 

Maple  Valley,  a  post-village  in  Maple  Valley  town- 
ship, Montcalm  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  &  Lake 
Michigan  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of  Howard  City,  and  68 
miles  N.W.  of  Lansing.  It  has  a  church  and  4  or  6  lum- 
ber-mills, Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1721. 

Maple  Valley,  township,  Sanilac  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  733. 

Maple  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  in  Westford  township, 
Otsego  CO.,  N.Y.,  12  miles  E.  of  Cooporstown.  It  has  a 
church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Maple  Valley,  a  post-township  of  Oconto  co..  Wis. 
Pop.  260. 

Ma'pleville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dodge  co.,  Neb.,  66 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Omaha.    It  has  a  church. 


Maple ville,  a  post- village  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.  on 
the  Providence  A  Springfield  Railroad,  I'J  mile*  N.w!  of 
Providence.  It  has  2  churches,  a  granite-quurry,  udJ 
manufactures  of  woollens,  fancy  cassiiueros,  aud  iiilk  and 
cotton  yarns.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Ma'plewood,  formerly  a  post-village  of  Cook  co.,  III. 
now  forms  part  of  the  16th  ward  of  tho  city  of  Chicugo,  * 

Maplewood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hendricks  oo.,  Ind., 
19  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Indianapolis. 

Maplewood,  a  post-village  in  Maiden  township,  Mid- 
dlesex CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Eastern  Railroad,  Saugus  Uraneli 
6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Boston.  It  contains  3  churches,  several 
fine  residences,  &o. 

Maplewood,  a  station  in  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  od  th« 
Rochester  &  Stato  Line  Railroad,  6  miles  froui  Koobcster. 

Maplewood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Door  co..  Wis.,  5  miles 
(direct)  S.  by  W.  of  Sturgeon  Bay. 

Maple  Works,  a  post-office  of  Clark  co.,  Wis. 

31apocIia,  mi-po'chi,  or  Mapocho,  mi-po'cho,  t 
river  of  Chili,  after  a  course  of  75  miles,  joins  the  Maypu 
about  35  miles  S.W.  of  Santiago, 

Mapoota,  m&-poo't&,  a  considerable  river  of  South- 
east Africa,  flows  in  a  general  N.E.  direction,  and  falls  into 
Delagoa  Bay,  S.  side,  about  hit.  26°  S. 

Mapps'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Accomack  co.,  Va.,  near  tha 
ocean,  J  mile  from  Sea  Side  Post-Office.    It  has  2  churcbei, 

Maquoketa,  m^-ko'ke-t^,  a  township  of  Jacksoa  oo, 
Iowa.    Pop.  971. 

Maquoketa,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Jackson  co.,  lowi, 
is  near  the  S.  bank  of  the  Maquoketa  River,  in  South  Forki 
township,  38  miles  N.W.  of  Clinton,  and  41  miles  N.  of 
Davenport.  It  is  connected  with  these  cities  by  the  Dav-i 
enport  &  St.  Paul  Railroad  and  the  Iowa  Midland  Bail- 
road.  It  has  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  5  churchei,i 
printing-offices  which  issue  2  weekly  newspapers,  and  ai 
high  school.  It  has  3  flouring-mills,  2  woollen-factories,* 
machine-shop,  and  a  cigar-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  3077. 

Maquoketa  River,  Iowa,  rises  in  Fayette  co.,  and 
runs  southeastward  through  Delaware  and  Jones  cos.,  tbencs 
nearly  eastward  through  Jackson  co.,  and  enters  the  Mis- 
sissippi River  about  10  miles  below  Bcllevue.  LeDgth,i 
about  175  miles. 

Maquon,  ma-kwon',  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  HI., 
partly  in  Maquon  township,  on  Spoon  River,  and  on  the 
railroad  which  connects  Galosburg  with  Peoria,  16  niilea 
S.E.  of  Galesburg,  and  37  miles  from  Peoria.  It  has  ai 
graded  school,  a  money-order  post-office,  2  drug-stores,  and 
a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  600  ;  of  the  township,  1426, 

Mar,  an  ancient  district  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Aberdeen, 
between  the  Don  and  the  Dee, 

Mara-Arbarei,  mi'r4-an-bi-ri'ee,  or  Villamar, 
vil-li-mau',  a  village  on  tho  island  of  Sardinia,  province 
of  Cagliari,  on  the  Caralita.     Pop.  of  commune,  1785. 

Marabai,  a  lake  of  Africa.    See  Nvassa. 

Maraca,  an  island  of  Brazil.     See  Itamaraca. 

Mara-Calagonis,  m&'rd-ki-li-go'nccs,  a  village  oaj 
the  island  of  Sardinia,  not  far  from  Sinnai.     Pop,  106L 

Maracanda,  the  ancient  name  of  Samaucand, 

Maracay,  mi-rd-ki',  a  town  of  Venezuela,  stato  of 
Aragua,  55  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Caracas.     Pop.  5367. 

Maracaybo,  or  Maracaibo,  mi-ri-ki'bo,  a  city  of! 
Venezuela,  capital  of  the  state  of  Zulia,  on  the  W.  shore  of 
tho  strait  connecting  Lake  Maracaybo  with  the  sea.  Lat. 
10°  38'  N,;  Ion.  71°  42'  W.  It  is  the  principal  seaport  of 
Venezuela,  has  a  deep  harbor,  and  many  Cne  buildings,  8 
churches,  a  college,  2  charity  hospitals,  a  lepers'  asylum,! 
and  manufactures  of  earthenware,  soap,  &c.  It  ships  much} 
coffee  from  the  interior,  also  tolu,  copaiba,  cacao,  timl)er,j 
fustic,  hides,  Ac.  It  stands  in  a  sandy  tract,  and  has  Sj 
hot  but  not  unhealthy  climate.  Pop.  in  1881,  31,921.  Seej 
Lake  Maracaybo  and  Gulf  op  Mauacavbo. 

Maragha,  mi'ri'gi,  a  city  of  Persia,  in  Azerbaijan,  5C| 
miles  S.  of  Tabreoz,  on  a  tributary  of  Lake  Ooroomceyah.i 
Pop.  about  15,000.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls  and  well  built;; 
principal  structures,  a  largo  bazaar,  spacious  public  bath«,| 
and  the  tomb  of  Hoolakou,  who  founded  an  observatory  on 
an  adjacent  mountain,  at  the  foot  of  which  are  some  cave- 
temples. 

Maragogipe,  mi-ri-go  zhee'pi,  a  town  of  Brazil,  staU 
of  Bahia,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Cachoeira.     Pop.  3000. 

Marah'ra,  a  town  of  Etah  district,  India.    Pop.  9214 

Ma^rahtan'ka,  a  lake  of  Minnesota,  10  miles  N.W.  of 
Mankato.     Length,  about  10  miles. 

3]arais,  mi'rd,',  a  natural  division  of  the  dcpartmeni 
of  Vendue,  in  France,  comprising  a  part  of  the  coast  for 
merly  covered  by  the  sea.  The  soil  is  very  fertile  J  oa 
the  climate  is  unhealthy. 


MAR 


1759 


MAR 


Marais,  miVi',  a  creek  of  Missouri,  flows  N.  through 
ago  CO.,  and  enters  the  Osage  River  near  its  mouth. 
Marais  des  Cygnes.    See  Osage  River. 
Marais  Pontins,  the  French  for  Po.vtine  Mabshks. 
Harajeh,  mlVi'j?h,  an  oasis  of  North  Africa.     Lat. 
o  30' N.;  Ion.  about  20°  E. 

Marajo,  mi-r4-zho',  or  Joannes,  zho-in'n5s,  a  large 
and  in  the  Atlantic  Oceixn,  on  the  N.  coast  of  Brazil, 
ovince  of  Pari,  between  the  estuaries  of  the  Amazon 
d  Pard  Rivers,  and  e.vtending  from  near  the  equator  to 
,.  2°  20'  S.  and  from  Ion.  48°  30'  to  51°  30'  W.     Length 
d  breadth,  about  150  miles  each.     It  is  intersected  by 
9  rivers  Anajaz  and  Mapua.     Pop.  about  20,000. 
Ma'rak,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  co.,  Kansas,  about  24 
les  W.N.W.  of  Atchison.     It  has  a  church. 
Maraka,  Nubia.    See  New  Dongola. 
Maraksh,  Africa.    See  Mouocco. 
Marainbaya,  ini-rilui-bi'A,  an  island  of  Brazil,  state 
d  27  miles  W.  of  Rio  Janeiro,  in  the  Bay  of  Angra  dos 
lis,  about  26  miles  in  length. 

Mar'amec  (often  pronounced  and  written  Mer'ri- 
:  ac),  a  river  of  Missouri,  rises  in  Dent  co.,  flows  N.E.,  and 
ins  the  Mississippi  19  miles  below  St.  Louis.  Its  whole 
igth  is  estimated  at  150  miles.  It  flows  through  a  hilly 
iintry  abounding  in  mines  of  copper,  iron,  and  lead, 
My  of  which  are  successfully  worked.  Steamboats  have 
yigated  this  river,  and,  with  a  little  improvement,  they 
luld  be  able  to  ascend  to  the  Virginia  mines  of  Franklin 
,,  a  distance  of  perhaps  75  miles.  A  small  stream,  called 
e  Osage  Fork,  enters  the  river  from  the  right,  in  the  N.E. 
Tt  of  Crawford  co.  The  Dry  Fork  rises  near  the  N.E. 
trcmity  of  Texas  CO.,  and,  flowing  northward,  falls  into 
B  main  stream. 

Jttaramec,  a  township  of  Dent  co..  Mo.  Pop.  374. 
Maramec,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  Mo.  P.  2764. 
niar'amec,  or  Mer'amec,  a  post-village  of  Phelps 
t ,  Mo.,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  about  15  miles  E.  of 
'.  ilia..  It  has  an  iron-furnace,  a  foundry  or  forge,  <tc. 
'.  p.  of  Maramcc  township,  1048. 
Harand,  a  town  of  Persia.  See  Mehband. 
Maraugane,  mi-rin-g4'n4,  a  village  on  the  S.E.  coast 
(  Africa,  8  miles  from  Quilimane. 
Maranhilo,  a  river  of  Brazil.  See  Miariu. 
MaranhSo,  Maranham,  mi-rin-yowN"'  or  mar^an- 
Itn',  or  Siio  Luiz,  sowx»  loo-eez',  a  city  of  Brazil,  cap- 
i  1  of  a  state  of  its  own  name,  on  the  AV.  side  of  the 
iind  of  Maranhao,  290  miles  E.  of  Belem  or  Pard,  and 
i)  miles  W.  of  Ceard  or  Fortaleza.  Lat.  2°  31'  S. ;  Ion. 
'. '  18'  AV.  It  is  surrounded  on  the  E.  by  mountains, 
1  ioh  form  a  kind  of  natural  fortress,  being  crossed  only 
1  narrow  passes.  On  the  N.  and  S.  it  is  encircled  by  the 
E  all  streams  Sao  Francisco  and  Maranhao,  which  rise  and 
f  1  with  the  tide.  At  the  mouths  of  these  rivers  is  a  basin, 
t;essible  at  high  water  to  vessels  drawing  20  feet,  affording 
fa  shelter,  and  defended  at  its  entrance  by  a  series  of 
f  ts.  The  town  itself  is  built  on  unequal  ground,  but  with 
c  :siderable  regularity,  and,  as  almost  all  the  houses  have 
f 'dens  attached,  occupies  a  large  space.  The  streets  cross 
c !  another  at  right  angles,  and  are  paved ;  the  houses  in 
t  principal  thoroughfares  are  of  two  stories,  and  generally 
Jvided  with  balconies.  The  principal  edifices  are  the 
c  hedral  and  the  episcopal  palace,  magnificent  structures, 
1  h  built  by  the  Jesuits  ;  the  governor's  palace,  the  town 
lise  and  prison,  the  custom-house,  treasury,  college,  the 
rily-endowed  hospital  da  Misericordia,  two  other  hos- 
tals,  and  various  churches,  monasteries,  and  nunneries. 
uB  trade  is  of  great  importance,  the  provinces  of  Pari, 
Iiuhy,  Cearl,  Rio  Grande  do  Norte,  and  Goyaz  having 
1  0  the  entrepflt  for  their  produce.  The  principal  exports 
a!  rice,  cotton,  rum,  drugs,  hides,  and  isinglass.  The  im- 
J[ts  consist  of  various  articles  of  European  manufacture, 
i  ranhao  is  the  seat  of  the  provincial  legislative  assembly, 
t  residence  of  the  provincial  governor,  and  the  see  of  a 
b  iiop,  and  possesses  a  lyceum  or  college,  in  which  the  an- 
c  it  and  modern  languages,  rhetoric,  geography,  grammar, 
J  losophy,  mathematics,  design,  navigation,  and  astronomy 
a  taught ;  also  a  commercial  school  and  a  botanical  garden. 
Ij.  35,000. 
tiaraiihao,  or  Maranham,  a  maritime  state  in 
ti  N.  of  Brazil,  so  called  from  Maraflon,  the  name  origi- 
t  ly  given  to  the  river  Amazon.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
I  the  Atlantic,  E.  and  S.E.  by  Piauhy,  S.W.  by  Goyaz, 
a  I  N.W.  by  Pard.  Lat.  between  1°  22'  and  10°  30'  S. ; 
1 .  41°  20'  and  48°  W.  Area,  141,651  square  miles.  The 
1  half  of  the  coast-line  forms  almost  a  continuous  straight 
1 :,  unbroken  by  a  single  indentation  of  any  magnitude ; 
t   W.  half  contains  several  bays,  among  which  are  Sao 


Marcos  and  Sao  Jos6,  forming  the  respective  embouchures 
of  the  Itapicuru  and  the  Miarim,  on  the  opposite  sides  of 
the  island  of  Maranhao.  A  considerable  part  of  the  sur- 
face is  occupied  by  forests,  which  yield  excellent  timber 
and  ornamental  and  dye  woods.  The  most  important  cul- 
tivated crops  are  rice,  cottou,  and  the  sugar-cane.  Much  of 
the  produce  of  the  last  is  converted  into  spirits.  The  prov- 
ince appoints  four  deputies  to  the  General  Legislative 
Assembly,  and  two  senators.  The  provincial  assembly, 
composed  of  twenty-eight  members,  holds  its  sittings  in 
Maranhao.     Pop.  in  1888  (official  estimate),  488,443. 

Maranhilo  (or  Maranham)  Island,  of  Brazil,  is  be- 
tween the  bays  of  Siio  Jose  on  the  E.  and  Sao  Marcos  on 
the  W.  On  the  S.  it  is  separated  from  the  mainland  by  a 
channel  called  the  Rio  do  Mosquito  ;  on  the  N.  it  is  washed 
by  the  Atlantic.  Greatest  length,  from  N.E.  to  S.W.,  23 
miles;  greatest  breadth,  20  miles.  Its  surface  is  more  ele- 
vated than  that  of  the  mainland,  and  on  the  E.  side  it  is 
lined  by  reefs.     Pop.  40,000. 

Marano,  mi-ra'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  6 
miles  W.  of  Cosenza.     Pop.  2960. 

Marano,  a  village  of  Central  Italy,  11  miles  S.E.  of 
Fermo,  on  the  Adriatic.     Pop.  2260. 

Marano,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  5  miles  N.W. 
of  Naples.     Pop.  of  commune,  7143. 

Marano,  a  town  of  Italy,  20  miles  S.  of  Udine,  at  the 
head  of  the  Adriatic.     Pop.  1200. 

Marauon,  a  river  of  South  America.    See  Amazon. 

Marans,  m4'r6Ko'  (L.  Marantium),  a  town  and  river- 
port  of  France,  department  of  Charente-Inffirieure,  on  the 
Sdvre-Niortaise,  11  miles  N.E.  of  La  Rochelle.  Pop.  3217. 
It  has  a  quay  accessible  for  vessels  under  100  tons. 

Marary,  m4-r4-reo',  a  town  of  Brazil,  on  the  Jutu&, 
500  miles  by  steamer  above  Mandos.  It  has  a  trade  )»• 
rubber,  drugs,  nuts,  &a. 

Marash,  mi'rish',  or  Kermania,  kfiR-ml'nee-i  (anc. 
Germanicia),  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  capital  of  a  pashalia 
of  its  own  name,  picturesquely  situated  on  a  slope  of  the 
lofty  Aghr  Tagh,  above  the  Jyhoon,  90  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Aleppo.    It  consists  of  about  3500  houses  of  wood  and  clay. 

Marash,  a  pashalic  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  between  lat. 
36°  3'  and  38°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  36°  and  38°  40'  E.  It  is 
traversed  from  \V.  to  E.  by  the  main  ohain  of  Taurus,  and 
bounded  E.  by  the  Euphrates. 

Marash,  a  village  of  Bulgaria,  S.E.  of  Shoomla. 

Marat,  miVi',  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Puy- 
de-D6me,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ambert.     Pop.  160. 

Maratea,  mS,-ri-ti'i,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basilicata, 
on  the  sea-coast,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Policastro.     Pop.  49G6. 

Mar'athon,  a  hamlet,  small  river,  and  plain  of  Greece 
government  of  Attica,  the  hamlet  on  the  river,  3  miles  from 
its  mouth,  and  18  miles  N.E.  of  Athens.  The  river  (anc. 
Charadrus)  has  a  S.E.  course  of  10  miles  to  its  mouth  in 
the  jEgean  Sea,  opposite  the  S.  end  of  Euboea ;  the  plain, 
bounded  S.  by  Mount  Pentelicus,  is  renowned  for  the  vic- 
tory of  Miltiades  over  the  army  of  Xerxes,  B.C.  490. 

Mar'athon,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Wisconsin.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Wisconsin  River,  and  is  also  drained  by 
the  Big  Eau  Pleine,  the  Rib,  the  Plover,  and  other  rivers. 
The  surface  is  partly  covered  with  extensive  forests  of  pine, 
ash,  beech,  birch,  elm,  maple,  <fec.  Lumber  is  the  chief 
article  of  export.  The  soil  produces  wheat,  oats,  grass,  &a. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad  and  the 
Wisconsin  Valley  Railroad.  Area  of  the  county,  1584 
square  miles.  Capital,  Wausau.  Pop.  in  1870,  5885;  in 
1875,  10,111 ;  in  1880,  17,121 ;  in  1890,  30,369. 

Marathon,  a  township  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  1308. 

Marathon,  a  neat  post-village  in  Marathon  township, 
Cortland  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Tioghnioga  River,  and  on  the 
Syracuse,  Binghamton  &  New  York  Railroad,  30  miles  N. 
of  Binghamton.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
bank,  a  union  school,  2  tanneries,  a  flouring-mill,  and 
manufactures  of  carriages  and  furniture,  top.  1125;  of 
the  township,  1518. 

Marathon,  a  post-village  in  Jackson  township,  Cler- 
mont CO.,  0.,  about  28  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has 
a  church,  a  chair-factory,  Ac. 

Marathon,  a  township  of  Marathon  co.,  Wis.  Pop. 
467.     It  contains  Marathon  City. 

Marathon  City,  a  post-village  of  Marathon  co..  Wis., 
on  the  Rib  River,  about  15  miles  W.  of  Wausau.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Marathonisi,  mi-ri-tho-nce'see,  a  maritime  village 
of  Greece,  in  Laconia,  on  the  Gulf  of  Kolokythia,  opposite 
the  island  of  Marathonisi  (ape.  Cranm),  27  miles  S.  of  Mia- 
tra.  It  is  on  the  site  of  the  ancient  Migonium.  Near  it 
are  the  ruins  of  Gt/thium, 


MAK 


1760 


MAR 


Marataba  (m4-r4-too'b4)  Isles,  a  group  of  the  Malay 
Archipelago,  in  the  Celebes  Sea,  off  the  £.  coast  of  Borneo. 

Marauna,  ni^-rSw'n^  a  toirn  of  Bengal,  Boglipoor 
diHtrict.     Pop.  8002. 

Marnvaca,  mH-ri-v&'ki,  a  mountain  of  Venezuela,  in 
Int.  30  40'  N.,  Ion.  65°  60'  W.  Estimated  height,  from 
10,000  to  11,000  feet. 

Maravi,  a  lake  of  Africa.    See  Ntassa. 

Maravi,  m&-r&'vee,  a  port  of  Cuba,  on  the  N.  ooast, 
ncnr  its  E.  end,  at  the  moutn  of  the  river  Maravi. 

Maraxi'on,  or  Market  Jew  (nno.  Fo'rum  Jo'vi*  t),  a 
seaport  town  of  England,  in  Cornwall,  on  Mount's  Bay,  IS 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Falmouth.     Pop.  1267. 

Mnrbach,  man'b&K,  or  Marpach,  man'p&K,  a  town 
of  Switzerland,  canton  and  23  miles  S.W.  of  Lucerne,  2700 
feet  above  sea-level.     Pop.  1753. 

Mnrbnch,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  15  miles 
E.S.E.  of  St.  Gall.     Pop.  1036. 

Marbach,  man'b&K,  a  town  of  WUrtemborg,  on  the 
Neckar,  15  miles  S.  of  Heilbronn.  Pop.  2241.  The  poet 
Schiller  was  born  here. 

Alarbais,  man^bi',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Brabant, 
22  milos  S.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  2100. 

lUnrbella,  man-bdl'yl,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
29  miles  S.W.  of  Malaga,  on  the  Mediterranean.  Pop.  4870. 

Mar'binton's,  township,  Newberry  co.,  S.C.    P.  1171. 

Marble,  mar'b'l,  a  post-oflSce  of  Modison  co.,  Ark. 

Marble,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co.,  Ind. 

Marble,  a  post-office  of  Waupaca  co.,  Wis. 

Marble  Cliff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Scioto  River,  and  on  the  Pan-Handle  llailroad,  4  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Columbus.     It  has  2  churches. 

Marble  Corner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ripley  co.,  Ind.,  8 
miles  E.N.B.  of  Dupont  Station. 

Marble  Dale,  a  post-hamlot  in  Washington  township, 
Litchfield  co.,  Conn.,  about  21  miles  N.  of  Danbury.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  tombstones. 

Marble  Furnace,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co.,  0.,  on 
Brush  Creek,  about  35  miles  S.W.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  a 
foundry,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Marble  Head,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co..  111.,  on 
the  Chicago,  Burlington  <fc  Quincy  Railroad,  7J  miles  S.  of 
Quincy.     Lime  is  made  here. 

Marblehead,  mar'b'l-hfid',  a  post-town  and  port  of 
entry  of  Esse.x  co.,  Mass.,  on  Massachusetts  Bay,  in  a  small 
township  of  its  own  name,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Boston,  and 
about  3  miles  S.E.  of  Salem.  It  is  connected  with  Boston 
by  two  branches  of  the  Eastern  Railroad.  Its  site  is  a 
small  peninsula,  very  rocky  and  uneven.  It  has  a  narrow, 
deep,  and  safe  harbor,  which  admits  the  largest  vessels. 
It  contains  8  churches,  a  high  school,  2  national  banks,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  numerous  manufactories  of  boots  and 
shoes.  Its  prosperity  is  partly  derived  from  commerce  and 
the  fisheries,  and  numerous  vessels  are  owned  by  its  citi- 
zens.    Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  8202. 

Marblehead,  a  post-office  of  Ottawa  co.,  0.,  on  Lake 
Eric,  7  miles  N.  of  Sandusky.    Here  is  a  light-house. 

Marblehead  Li§rhts,  two  in  number,  are  situated  on 
the  S.E.  side  of  the  E.  entrance  to  Marblehead  Harbor, 
Mass.     Lat.  42°  30'  18"  N. ;  Ion.  70°  60'  30"  W. 

Marble  Hill,  or  Dallas,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Bollinger  co..  Mo.,  on  Crooked  Creek,  and  on  the  St.  Louis, 
Iron  Mountain  A  Southern  Railroad,  i  mile  from  Lutes- 
ville  Station,  and  135  miles  S.  of  St.  Louis.  Here  are  3 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890.  257. 

Mar'ble  Island,  Hudson's  Bay,  British  North  Amer- 
ica, is  in  lat.  62°  30'  N.,  Ion.  92°  W. 

Marble  Ridge,  a  station  in  North  Andover  township, 
Esse.K  CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Salem  A  Lawrence  Branch  Rail- 
road, 5  miles  S.E.  of  Lawrence. 

3Iarble  Rock,  a  post-village  of  Floyd  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Union  township,  on  the  Shell  Rock  River,  and  on  the 
Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  A  Northern  Railroad,  41  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Cedar  Falls,  and  about  14  miles  S.W.  of  Charles 
City.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  a  carriage-factory.  Pop.  in  1890,  433. 
;    Marble  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  N.C. 

Marbleton,  mar'b'l-t^n,  a  post-village  in  Wolfe  co., 
Quebec,  29  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Sherbrooke.     Pop.  200. 

Marbletoivn,  mar'b'1-tSwn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton 
CO.,  III.,  about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Ilavanna.   It  has  10  houses. 

Marbletown,  a  post-township  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y., 
about  80  miles  N.  of  Now  York  City.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  cement,  flour,  Ac.  It  is  intersected  by  Esopus  and 
Kondout  Creeks,  and  contains  villages  named  Stone  Ridge 
and  High  Falls,  and  a  hamlet  named  Marbletown,  which 
i«  7  miles  S.W.  of  Kingston.     Pop.  3997. 


Marbletown,  a  station  in  Wayne  co.,  N.Y,,  on  thi 
Ontario  Southern  Railroad,  2  miles  S.  of  Newark. 

Marble  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Coosa  co.,  Ala. 

Marble  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Augusta  eo.,  V». 

Marboz,  mau'bo',  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Aln.  10  ibIIm 
N.  of  Bourg.     Pop.  2027. 

Marburg,  man'bOOno,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Styris,  on 
the  Drave,  at  a  railway  junction,  36  miles  S.S.E.  of  Oriiti, 
Pop.  12,828.  It  has  a  castle,  a  theatre,  a  gymnasium  tan- 
neries, locomotive-shops,  and  a  trade  in  wine  and  grain. 

Marburg,  mar'burg  (Qer.  pron.  mau'biJono;  anc.  Jfoif. 
acum),  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse- Nassau,  on  the  Labn 
and  on  the  Frankfort  Railway,  48  miles  S.W.  of  Caawl! 
Pop.  9600,  including  the  suburb  of  Wcidcnhansen.  li 
stands  on  the  slope  of  a  hill,  crowned  by  the  ancient  feudal 
castle  of  the  landgraves  of  Hesse.  Principal  public  edifictj 
the  church  of  St.  Elizabeth,  built  between  VlAb  and  1283 
and  containing,  with  several  monuments  of  the  landgravei, 
the  tomb  of  St.  Elizabeth,  resorted  to  by  numcroui  piU 
grims.  It  has  a  university,  a  gymnasium,  a  normal  school, 
schools  of  surgery,  a  botanic  garden,  several  hospitals,  and 
manufactures  of  linen,  pottery,  stockings,  leather,  totmcoO) 
and  pipes. 

Mar'but's,  a  post-office  of  Giles  co.,  Tenn. 

Marca  d'Ancona,  Italy.    See  Ancona. 

Marcana,  mjlr-kjl'n&,  an  Austrian  island,  coast  of  Dal 
matia.     Lat.  42°  34'  N.     It  gives  name  to  a  bishop's  tee. 

Marcaria,  man-kl-ree'i,  a  town  of  Italy,  13  milei 
W.S.W.  of  Mantua,  on  the  Oglio.     Pop.  8244. 

Marcelcave,  mau'sfirkiv',  a  village  of  France,  d^ 
partmcnt  of  Somme,  arrondissement  of  Amiens.    Pop.  1534 

Marcel'la  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  eo., 
Tenn.,  14  miles  W.  of  Lynnville  Station.  It  has  a  ohorob) 
a  woollen-factory,  a  tannery,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Marceliaz,  maii-chfil-liltz'  (Fr.  pron.  man^sirilz'), 
village  of  France,  in  Savoy.     Pop.  1108. 

Marcelline,  mar-scl-lecn',  a  post-hamlet  of  Adftmi 
CO.,  III.,  13  miles  N.  of  Quincy.     It  has  a  church. 

Marcel'lon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co..  Wis.,  in 
Marcellon  township,  on  Fo.x  River,  about  10  miles  £.  byN. 
of  Portage  City.     Pop.  of  the  township,  858. 

MarcelMus,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  Mich.,  in  JIar 
ccllus  township,  on  the  Chicago  A  Lake  lluron  RailroadJ 
13  miles  N.E.  of  Cassopolis,  and  40  miles  S.AV.  of  Battle 
Creek.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  union  school,  and  2 
churches.  Pop.  about  600;  of  the  township,  1552.  Maoy 
teasels  of  the  best  quality  are  produced  here. 

Marcellus,  a  post-village  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Marcellus  township,  on  Nino  Mile  Creek,  12  miles  AV.S.W, 
of  Syracuse,  and  2J  miles  S.  of  Marcellus  Station  of  tlie 
Central  llailroad.  It  has  a  graded  school,  4  churches, » 
woollen-factory,  and  a  flour-mill.  Near  here  are  quarriw 
of  gypsum  and  limestone.    Pop.  428 ;  of  the  township,  2501,; 

Marcellus  Falls,  a  post-villago  in  Marcellus  town-! 
ship,  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Nine  Mile  Creek,  )  mile  S.  of! 
the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  and  11  miles  W.  by  S.  of  I 
Syracuse.  It  has  2  or  3  paper-mills,  a  machine-shop,  w 
flour-mill,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  140.  I 

Marcenasco,  a  village  of  Italy.    See  Mekcesasoo.  ! 

Marcenat,  maK's?h-nil',  a  town  of  France,  in  CantalJ 
13  miles  N.  of  Murat.     Pop.  634.  , 

March,  mans,  Morava,  or  Morawa,  mo-rl'vl,  « 
river  of  the  Austrian  Empire,  joins  the  Danube  8  milMJ 
W.  of  Presburg.  Length,  180  miles.  It  is  navigable  from 
the  Danube  to  Presburg,  a  distance  of  50  miles. 

March,  a  to^vn  of  England,  co.  and  25  miles  N.W.  ofl 
Cambridge,  on  the  navigable  river  Nenc,  at  a  railway  jano- 
tion.  Pop.  of  parish,  8153.  March- Wet-Fen  comprisei 
3600  acres,  and  is  drained  by  steam. 

March,  a  district  of  Scotland.    See  Meuse. 

Marchamalo,  man-chi-mi'lo,  a  town  of  Spain,  New 
Castile,  2  miles  N.  of  Guadalajara,  on  the  Ucnares. 

March'and,  a  post-hamlet  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa.,  about 
44  miles  N.W.  of  Altoona.     It  has  a  church. 

Marche,  mansh,  an  old  province  of  Central  France,! 
now  forming  the  department  of  Creuse  and  parts  of  Indre 
and  Haute- Vienne. 

Marche,  marsh,  a  post-office  of  Pulaski  co..  Ark. 

Marche-en-Famene,  mansh-6N»-fi^min',  a  town 
of  Belgium,  in  Luxembourg,  on  the  Marchette,  44  milM 
N.N.W.  of  Arlon.     Pop.  2300. 

Marchegg,  maR'KOg,  or  Marcheck,  man'Kik,  a  town 
of  Lower  Austria,  on  the  March,  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Vienna. 
It  is  famous  for  the  victory  which  Ottokar  gained  here,  in 
1260,  over  Bela.     Pop.  1299. 

Marche-les-Ecanssines,  mansh-liz-i^kOs'seen',  • 
village  of  Belgium,  in  Uainaut,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Mow. 


MAR 


1761 


MAR 


Marchena,  maR-chi'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
id  29  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Seville,  on  the  Guadalquivir. 
I  its  neigiiborliooJ  are  wcll-frequented  sulphur  baths.  It 
well  built,  retains  sorao  vestiges  of  its  ancient  tower- 
nked  walls,  and  has  some  fine  squares  and  paved  streets, 
contains  3  parish  churches,  several  chapels,  town  house 
d  court-house,  prison,  2  hospitals,  an  orphan  asylum, 
Uego,  storehouse,  3  convents,  and  a  palace  of  the  dulses 
Arcos.  It  has  manufactures  of  linen,  serge,  and  cloth, 
rthonware,  soap,  wine,  and  oil,  and  carries  on  some  trade 
th  Seville.     Pop.  12,208. 

Marches,  or  Les  Marches,  1^  mansh,  a  village  of 
ance,  on  the  IsSre,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Chamb6ry.   P.  1777. 
Blar'ches  (Ital.  Marce,  mar'chd,  named  from  the  March 
Ancona),  a  compartimento  of  Italy,  comprising  the  four 
jvinces  of  Ancona,  Ascoli-Piceno,  Macerata,  and  Pcsaro 
d  Urbino.    Area,  3751  square  miles.     It  is  mostly  E.  of 
e  Apennines,  and  is  bounded  E.  by  the  Adriatic.     It  is  a 
iitful  region,  producing  much  silk,  wine,  timber,  wool, 
M  grain.     Capital,  Ancona.     Pop.  915,419. 
Marchiennes,  mau'she-5nn'  (L.  A/arc/uana),  a  village 
J  France,  in  Nord,  19  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lille.     Pop,  2648. 
iar  it  is  the  hamlet  of  Marchiennes-Campagne. 
[Marchiennes  au  Pont,  man^she-finn'  zo  p6s°,  a  town 
q  Belgium,  province  of  Ilainaut,  on  the  Sambre,  2  miles 
i  of  Charleroi,  and  on  the  railway  to  Brussels.     Pop. 
Ip3.    It  has  Iron-worlss,  coal-mines,  and  breweries. 
nIarchin,maR'sh4N°',  a  town  of  Belgium,  province  and 
(put  21  miles  S.W.  of  Liege,  on  the  Iloyeux.     Pop.  1580. 
JMarch'mont,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  8 
iftes  from  Orillia.     Pop.  100. 
niarch  of  Ancona,  Italy.    See  Ancoxa. 
(tfarciac,  man*se-S,k',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gers,  12 
iHca  W.  of  Mirande.     Pop.  1901. 

Marclana,  man-chd'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  island  of 
]pa,  8  miles  E.  of  Porto  Ferrajo.  Pop.  1412.  Near  it,  on 
i\  N.  coast  of  the  island,  is  Mauciana  Mariana,  with  a 
ikor.    Pop.  2193. 

parcianisi,  maR-chl-nee'sce,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ije  and  3  miles  S.W.  of  Caserta.     Pop.  9525. 
narciano,  maR-chi'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  25  miles  E. 
oBienna.     Pop.  of  commune,  2571. 
ttarcianopolis,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Shoojila. 
fIarcignago,maR-cheen-yi'go,orMarcinago,maR- 
c  c-ni'go,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Pavia,  E.  of  Bere- 
g.rdo.     Pop.  1635. 
llarcigny,  mau'seen^yeo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Saftne- 
eLoire,  on  the  Loire,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Charolles.    P.  2223. 
rlarcillac,  maR^seo^ylk',  a  village  of  France,  in  Avey- 
rj,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Rodez.    Pop.  1580. 

narcillac,  a  village  of  France,  in  Charente,  15  miles 
l^_.  of  Angoulfime.     Pop.  1527. 

i'arcillac,  a  village  of  France,  in  Corr5ze,  12  miles 
'  Tulle.    Pop.  1761. 
arci]lac,  a  village  of  France,  in  Lot,  24  miles  E.  of 
irs,  and  having  in  its  vicinity  one  of  the  most  beautiful 
otitic  caves  in  France.     Pop.  933. 
arcillat,  mau^seo'yi',  a  village  of  France,  in  Allier, 
liles  S.  of  Montlufon.     Pop.  1810. 
arcinago,  a  village  of  Italy.    See  Marcignago. 
jlarcinelle,  maR'see'nfill',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
Hnaut,  24  miles  E.  of  Mons.     Pop.  5493. 

larcke,  mank  or  maR'k^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
^Afit  Flanders,  on  the  Lys,  24  miles  S.  of  Bruges. 

;[arckoIsheim,  man'kols-hime^  or  mau^koPsSm',  a 
vifige  of  Alsace,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Schlettstadt. 

lar'co,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  In- 
diiapolis  &  Vincennes  Railroad,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Vin- 
e4ies.    It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  bank. 
[arcodurum,  the  ancient  name  of  Doren. 
[arcoing,  man^kwdN"'  or  mait^ko-S.N"',  a  village  of 
ice,  in  Nord,  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cambrai.     Pop.  1782. 
[arcolez,  maRMio'li',  a  village  of  France,  in  Cantal, 
1]  lilcs  S.W.  of  Aurillac.     Pop.  1402. 

[nrcon,  maR's6^•»',  a  village  of  Franco,  in  Sarthe,  18 
m  8  S.W.  of  Saint-Calais.     Pop.  1765. 

[arcourt,  man^kooa',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Luxem- 
bc  ;g,  on  the  Ourthe,  42  miles  N.N.W.  of  Arlon.    Pop.  1150. 
'.arcoussis,  maR'koos^sees',  a  village  of  France,  in 
S(  e-et-Oise,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Versailles.     Pop.  1902. 

[arcovecz,  or  Markovecz,  maR'koVSts',  a  village 
Ol  lungary,  co.  of  Temesvar.     Pop.  1780. 

[arcq,  mank,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Ilainaut,  1  mile 
'Wf)f  Enghien.     Pop.  2200. 
[arcq-en>Bareuil,  maRk-6N»-bi'ruI',  a  village  of 
ice,  in  Nord,  3  miles  N.  of  Lille.     Pop.  4843.     It  has 
n»  ufactures  of  cotton,  paper,  linen,  flour,  Ac. 


Mar'cumville,  a  post-oflBco  of  Tuscaloosa  co.,  Ala.,  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Tuscaloosa. 

Mar'cus,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Ga.,  about  54 
miles  N.E.  of  Atlanta.     It  has  a  nursery  and  a  flour-mill. 

Marcus,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cherokee  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Dubuque  <fe  Sioux  City  Railroad,  44  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sioux 
City.     Pop.  44. 

Marcus  Hook,  Pennsylvania.    See  Linwood. 

Mar'cy,  a  post- village  of  La  Grange  co.,  Ind.,  in  John- 
son township,  about  9  miles  N.  of  Kendallville.  It  has  a 
church,  a  graded  school,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Marcy,  a  village  of  Boone  co.,  Iowa,  in  Marcy  town- 
ship, about  38  miles  N.N.W.  of  Des  Moines,  and  6  miles 
S.AV.  of  Montana.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
the  Des  Moines  River.  Coal  is  mined  here.  Pop.  of  tho 
township,  2135. 

Marcy,  a  post-ofiice  and  station  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Marcy  township,  on  the  Utica  &  Black  River  Railroad,  ft 
miles  N.  of  Utica.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  S.AV 
by  the  Mohawk  River.     Pop.  1422. 

Marcy,  a  post-office  of  Fairfield  co,,  0, 

Marcy,  a  hamlet  of  AVyoming  co..  Pa.,  on  Lake  Marcy, 
and  on  the  Montrose  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Tunkhannock. 
It  has  a  hotel,  a  summer  boarding-house,  and  2  saw-mills. 

Marcy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waukesha  co,,  Wis.,  about  14 
miles  N.W.  of  Milwaukee. 

Marcz,  maRts,  or  Martza,  mant'soh*,  a  village  of 
Hungary,  7  miles  from  Ocdenburg.     Pop.  1160. 

3Iardeen,  or  Mardin,  mar-deen'  (anc.  Mardet), 
written  also  Merdin,  mer-deen',  a  fortified  town  of  Asi- 
atic Turkey,  pashalic  and  57  miles  S.E.  of  Diarbekir,  on 
the  S.  declivity  of  Mount  Masius.  It  has  a  castle  on  a 
height  commanding  a  magnificent  view,  several  mosques, 
churches,  a  large  Mohammedan  college,  and  manufactures 
of  linen  and  cotton  stufis  and  of  leather.  It  is  the  see  of 
several  Oriental  prelates. 

Marc,  mJ.'r4,  an  island  of  Brazil,  ofi"  the  E.  shore  o^ 
the  Bay  of  All  Saints  or  Bahia,  opposite  the  mouth  of  the 
Pitunga,  and  14  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Bahia.  It  has  a  circuit 
of  nearly  12  miles.     Pop.  700. 

Mare  Adriaticum  or  Hadriaticum,  and  Mare 
Adriatico.    See  Adriatic  Sea. 

Mareb,  mi'r6b\  a  river  of  Abyssinia,  joins  the  Atbara 
near  lat.  16°  N.,  Ion.  36°  E.,  after  a  N.W.  course  estimated 
at  250  miles. 

March,  md'rSb^  (anc.  Sa'ha?),  a  town  of  Arabia,  80 
miles  N.E.  of  Sana.    It  is  walled,  and  comprises  300  houses. 

Mare  Bnlticnm,  the  Latin  for  Baltic. 

Mare  Caspium  or  Hyrcanium.   See  Caspian  Sea. 

Marecchia,  mi-rfik'ke-i,  a  river  of  Central  Italy,  in 
Emilia,  rises  in  the  Apennines,  flows  E.N.E.,  and,  after  a 
course  of  38  miles,  enters  the  Adriatic  1  mile  N.  of  Rimini. 

Mareguare,  a  river  of  Guiana.    See  Merewari. 

Mare  Internum.     See  Mediterranean  Sea. 

Mare  Island,  California,  is  in  the  Bay  of  San  Pablo, 
and  is  separated  from  Vallejo,  Solano  co.,  by  a  strait 
about  i  mile  wide.  Here  is  an  extensive  United  States 
navy-yard. 

Maremma,  or  La  Maremma,  Id  m&-rim'md,  a 
marshy  region  of  West  Italy,  forming  the  S.  part  of  Tus- 
cany, extending  along  the  coast  from  Orbitello  to  Piombino. 
Though  formerly  the  seat  of  the  most  flourishing  Etruscan 
cities,  it  is  now  mostly  desert.  It  is  traversed  by  the  river 
Ombrone,  and  contains  Lakes  Castiglione  and  Orbitello, 
with  the  borax-lagoons  of  Monte  Cerboli. 

Mare  Mortuum,  a  Latin  name  for  the  Dead  Sea. 

Mare'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ringgold  co.,  Iowa,  in  Lin- 
coln township,  about  75  miles  S.S.W.  of  Des  Moines.  It 
has  a  flour-mill. 

Marcna,  a  post-office  of  Hodgeman  co.,  Kansas. 

Marene,  mi-rd'n^,  or  Marenne,  ml-rfin'ni,  a  town 
of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Saviglia'no.     P.  2435. 

Marengo,  mi-r6n'go,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and 
2  miles  S.E.  of  Alessandria,  near  the  Bormida,  and  memo- 
rable for  the  battle  of  June  14, 1800,  between  Napoleon  and 
the  Austrians,  in  which  the  latter  were  defeated. 

Marengo,  ma-reng'go,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Ala- 
bama, has  an  area  of  960  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
W.  by  the  Tombigbee  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by 
Chickasaw  Creek.  The  Black  Warrior  River  touches  the 
N.  part  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is 
extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  intersected  in  the  extreme  N.  part  by 
the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad.  Capi- 
tal, Linden.  Pop.  in  1870,  26,151;  in  1880,  30,890:  in 
1890,  33,095. 


MAR 


17G2 


MAR 


Marengo*  a  poat-vilUge  of  MoIIenry  oo.,  111.,  io  Ma- 
rengo township,  on  tho  Kishwaukce  Uiver,  and  on  the 
Freopoit  Branch  of  tho  Chiongo  A  Northwestern  Uiiilroad, 
80  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chicago,  and  27  milwi  K.  uf  Uuolifurd. 
It  contains  0  ohurchos,  a  national  banlc,  a  newsj^apor  office, 
ft  high  lohool,  2  nurseries,  a  foundry,  and  a  flouring-uiill. 
Pop.  1327;  of  tho  township,  225.3. 

Marenso  (formerly  Dig  Springs),  a  po-^t- village  in 
Liberty  township,  Crawford  co.,  Ind.,  on  tiio  Louisville, 
I^ew  Albany  &  St.  Louis  Riulroad,  about  32  miles  W.  by 
N.  of  New  Albany.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  2  saw- 
mills, an  academy,  and  3  stores.     Pop.  about  300. 

Marengo,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Iowa  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Marengo  township,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Iowa  River,  and 
on  the  Chicago,  llook  Island  &  PaciGo  llailroad,  30  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Iowa  City,  and  about  27  miles  S.W.  of  Cedar 
Eapids.  It  is  surrounded  by  a  wide  undulating  prairie. 
It  has  a  court-house,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  banking- 
houses,  6  or  7  churches,  a  high  school,  a  woollen-mill,  and 
a  Hour-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  1710;  of  the  township,  2227. 

Murcngo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sumner  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Osborne  township,  40  miles  S.  of  Wichita. 

Marengo,  a  post-village  of  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Marengo  township,  on  tho  Kalamazoo  River,  and  on  the 
Michigan  Central  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of  Marshall,  and  25 
miles  W.  of  Jackson.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures 
of  carriages,  flour,  and  lumber.     P.  of  the  township,  1263. 

Mnrcngo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  5  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Clyde.     It  has  a  church. 

Mnreugo,  a  post-village  of  Morrow  co.,  0.,  in  Ben- 
nington township,  aboKt  37  miles  N.N.E.  of  Columbus. 
It  has  a  church,  a  carriage-shon,  &,c. 

Marengo,  a  post-office  of  ilecklcnburg  co.,  Va. 

Marengo,  a  post-office  of  Columbia  co.,  Wash. 

Marengo,  a  station  in  Ashland  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Wis- 
consin Central  Railroad,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Ashland. 

Marengo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Wis.,  abo(Ut  36 
miles  N.N.E.  of  La  Crosse. 

Marcnne,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Mabene. 

Marenncs,  miVfinn'  (L.  Marenix),  a  seaport  town  of 
France,  in  Charente-Inf6rieuro,  on  the  Atlantic,  24  miles 
S.  of  La  Rochclle,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Seudre.  Pop. 
1863.  It  is  surrounded  by  salt  marshes,  whence  large 
quantities  of  salt  arc  extracted. 

Mnreo'tis,  or  Birket-el-Marioot  (or  -Mariout), 
beeu'kjt-fil-mi-re-oot',  a  lake  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Lower 
Egypt,  S.E.  of  Alexandria.  It  had  become  entirely  dry 
within  the  last  three  centuries,  but,  as  the  bottom  is  several 
feet  below  the  level  of  tho  sea,  the  English,  in  ISOl,  in 
order  to  circumscribe  the  operations  of  tho  French,  cut 
across  the  narrow  isthmus  which  separated  tho  basin  from 
tho  Lake  of  Abookecr  (Aboukir),  when  the  sea-water  flowed 
in  and  covered  an  extent  of  30  miles  in  length  and  15  miles 
in  breadth.    This  isthmus  was  afterwards  restored. 

Mare  Pacifico,  the  Italian  for  Pacific  Ocean. 

Mare  Rubrum,  an  ancient  name  for  the  Red  Sea. 

Mare  Tyrrhenum.    See  Tyrrhene  Sea. 

Maretz,  miVSts',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  12 
miles  S.E.  of  Cambrai.     Pop.  2850. 

Mareuil,  ml'rui',  a  village  of  France,  in  Cher,  17  miles 
S.AV.  of  Bourgcs.     Pop.  2011. 

Mareuil,  a  market-town  of  France,  in  Dordogne,  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Nontron,     Pop.  1624. 

Mareuil,  a  village  of  Fiance,  in  Vendee,  14  miles  S.E. 
of  La  Roche-sur-Yon.     Pop.  1870. 

Margal'laAvay  (or  Magal'loway)  River  rises  in 
the  N.E.  part  of  New  Hampshire,  in  Coos  co.,  and,  running 
into  Maine,  returns  into  New  Ilampshire,  where  it  receives 
tho  waters  of  Umbagog  Lake.  After  this  junction  it  is 
called  tho  Androscoggin  River. 

Mar'garec',  a  post-village  in  Inverness  co..  Cape 
Breton  Island,  on  a  harbor  at  the  mouth  of  Margaree  River 
in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  40  miles  N.E.  of  Mabou.  There 
are  coal-mines  in  tho  vicinity.     Pop.  250. 

Margaree  Forks,  a  post-settlement  in  Inverness  co.. 
Cape  Breton  Island,  on  Margaree  River,  36  miles  N.  of 
Whycocomah.     Pop.  240. 

Margarethcn>Lengerich.    See  Lengerich. 

Mar'garetsVille,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northampton  co., 
N.C.,  on  the  Seaboard  &  Roanoke  Railroad,  17  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Weldon.     It  has  2  churches  and  12  families. 

Mar'garetsVille,  a  seaport  town  and  port  of  entry 
of  Nova  Scotia,  co.  of  Annapolis,  on  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  8 
miles  N.E.  of  Wilmot.  It  contains  several  stores,  and  has 
a  good  export  trade  in  country  produce.  Ship-building  is 
also  carried  on.  A  light-house  in  this  harbor  exhibits  two 
fixed  red  lights.    Pop.  300. 


Mar^garet'ta,  a  township  of  Erie  co.,  0.,  boundad  K 
by  Sandusky  Bay.     Pop.  1622.  ^^    ' 

Mnrgarettu  Islands,  Paciflc.    Sec  Patkiiso!!. 

Mar'garctvilie,  a  i)08t-village  of  Uelawiu-o  co.,  N.Y 
on  the  East  Branch  of  the  Delaware  River,  about  00  mild 
S.W.  of  Albany.     It  is  1  mile  from  tho  Ulster  A  Bcluwart 
Railroad.     It  has  a  newspaper  office,  2  churehea,  and  « 
plough-factory.     Pop.  about  400. 

Margarita,  mar-gi),-reu't!>,  or  NuevaEsiiarta,nwJl'. 

v4  4«-paR'ti,  an  island  in  the  Caribbean  Sua,  bcluDgini 
to  Venezuela,  30  miles  N.  of  Cumand.  Lat.  11°  N.;  ion. 
64°  W.  Length,  45  miles;  breadth,  from  5  to  20  milw. 
It  forms  the  state  of  Nuova  Esparta.  It  consists  of  tiio 
elevated  portions  united  by  a  low  isthmus.  The  coa»ts  aio 
arid,  but  tho  interior  is  fertile,  producing  malic,  sugar 
coffee,  cotton,  and  bananas,  though  insufficient  for  humt 
consumption.  Much  poultry  and  live-stoek  are  rcarcj- 
and  the  island  has  salt-works  and  an  active  fishery,  its 
name  being  derived  from  the  pearls  (in  Latin,  nuirijuritx) 
which  were  formerly  procured  here  in  consiJcrablo  ouaa- 
tities.  Manufactures  are  chiefly  of  cotton  hosiery  aiij 
hammocks.  Principal  towns,  Asuncion,  tlio  ciipital,  in 
its  centre,  and  Pampatar,  with  a  pretty  good  harbor,  ua 
its  S.  coast.  A  considerable  trade  is  earned  on  with  tbs 
adjacent  coast  and  tho  British  and  French  Wct^t  InJici, 
Tho  channel  of  Margarita,  between  it  and  the  uiuinland,  \t 
20  miles  across,  and  through  it  all  ships  from  Europe  p:iii 
to  Cumand,  Barcelona,  or  La  Guayra.  Margarita  was  di*- 
covered  by  Columbus  in  1498.     Pon.  30,983. 

Margarita,  an  island  in  tho  North  Pacific  Occod,  on 
tho  coast  of  Old  California.  Lat.  24°  18'  N.;  Ion.  lU" 
42'  W.     Length,  30  miles ;  breadth,  10  miles. 

Margarita,  a  town  on  the  island  of  Majorca,  22  miles S. 
of  Alcudia.     Pop.  2502. 

Margariti,  maii-gi-ree'tce,  a  town  of  European  Tur- 
key, Epirus,  sanjak  of  Dclvino,  5  miles  N.  of  Parga. 

Mar'gate,  almost  mar'ghSt,  a  town  and  watcring-plaot 
of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  on  tho  North  Sea,  on  tlie  Igfe  of 
Thanet,  80  miles  E.S.E.  of  London,  and  15i  miles  N.E,  of 
Canterbury,  with  which,  and  with  Ramsgate,  3  miles  S.E.,1 
it  is  connected  by  branches  of  railway.  It  stands  in  the 
hollow  and  on  the  declivities  of  two  chalk-hills.  Chiefl 
buildings,  a  modern  Gothic  and  other  churches,  a  natiynal 
school,  a  well-endowed  almshouse,  an  infirmary,  town  hall' 
and  market-house,  assembly-rooms,  theatre,  large  public 
library,  and  several  bazaars,  baths,  and  hotels.  Tho  harboi 
is  formed  by  a  curved  stone  pier,  with  a  light-house.  Lat. 
51°  24'  N. ;  Ion.  1°  23'  E.  It  has  from  8  to  13  feet  at 
high,  water,  but  is  dry  at  low  tide.  It  has  a  fishery  and 
some  trade,  and  is  greatly  resorted  to  by  bathers.   P.  18,419. 

Alar'gate,  a  post-village  in  Prince  co..  Prince  Edward 
Island,  12  miles  from  Charlottetown.  It  contains  a  saw 
mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  3  stores.     Pop.  150. 

Margaux,  man*go',  a  village  of  France,  in  Gironde,  U 
miles  N.  of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  1208. 

Margeride,  man^zh§h-recd',  a  ch.ain  of  mountains  of 
France,  between  tho  basins  of  the  AUier  and  tho  Lot,  is 
the  departments  of  Lozere,  Ilaute-Loire,  and  Cantal. 

Marggrabowa,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Oletzko. 

Marghilan,  maR'ghee-lin',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Busiii. 
in  Ferghana,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Khokan.  It  is  enclosed  bj 
earthen  ramparts,  and  is  said  to  have  some  good  buildinM: 
remains  of  antiquity,  manufactures  of  gold  and  silver  stuSij 
velvets,  silk  fabrics,  and  an  active  trade.     Pop.  26,000.     I 

Marghill,  a  village  of  Asiatic  Turkey.    See  Machu»J 

Margitta,  mSn^ghit'toh*,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  oT 
Bihar,  35  miles  E.S.E.  of  Debreczin.     Pop.  3983. 

Margitta,  Nagy,  nodj  mau'ghit'tSh',  a  town  of  Hun 
gary,  co.  of  Torontal,  W,  of  Temesvar.     Pop.  1950. 

Margonin,  maB-go-neen',  a  town  of  Prussia,  40  milo! 
W.S.W.  of  Bromberg.     Pop.  1943. 

Marguerittes,  mau'ga-rect',  a  town  of  France,  ii 
Card,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Nfmes.     Pop.  1945. 

Margus,  a  river  of  Servia.    See  Morava. 

Maria,  mi-ree'i,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  i\ 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Almcri.a.     Pop.  2334. 

Mari'a,  a  post-office  of  Leavenworth  co.,  Kansas,  1^ 
miles  S.W.  of  Leavenworth.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Maria,  a  post-village  in  Bonaventure  co.,  Quebec,  oi, 
the  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  45  miles  E.  by  N.  of  CampbelltoBl 
New  Brunswick.  It  h.as  4  stores  and  considerable  salmon'l 
and  herring-fisheries.     Pop.  300. 

Maria  (or  Marie)  Creek,  Indiana,  rises  in  Sullivai 
CO.,  runs  southwestvvard,  and  enters  the  Wabash  Eive 
about  6  miles  above  Vincenncs. 

Mariadahl,  mi-ree'i-dil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pottawato 
mie  CO.,  Kansas,  12  miles  S.  of  Irving.    It  has  2  churcha 


MAR 


1763 


MAR 


'lariager,  ml'rc-i'gliQr,  a  seaport  town  of  Denmark, 
jijutland,  14  miles  N.  of  Handera,  on  the  S.  coast  of  the 
J'iriagcr-FiorJ.     Pop.  CSO. 

ttari'ah  Hill,  a  post-offieo  of  Spencer  co.,  Ind.,  about 
4Liles  B.N.E.  of  Evansvillc. 

flaria  Hietzing,  Austria.    See  IIiETzixa. 

liaria  Hilf,  md-ree'A  bllf,  a  southwestern  suburb  of 
"Ninna,  Austria.     Pop.  06,391. 

Ilaria  in  Monte,  Italy.    See  Santa  Maria  a  Moste. 

Saria  Island,  of  Australia,  in  tbo  Gulf  of  Carpen- 
tija,  on  the  W.  coast.  Lat.  (N.  point)  14°  60'  S.  j  Ion. 
1  °  54'  E. 

Kari'a  Island,  Tasmania,  oCF  the  E.  coast.,  lat.  42° 
4|to  42°  50'  S.,  Ion.  148°  10'  E.,  consists  of  two  elevated 
plions  united  by  a  narrow  isthmus,  and  has  the  village 
oparlington  at  its  N.  extremity. 

Slaria  Island,  an  island  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean, 
iitho  Low  Archipelago.     Lat.  22°  S. ;  Ion.  13G°  W. 

^lariakirch,  a  town  of  Alsace.     See  MAnKincn. 

5 aria,  Kis,  a  village  of  Hungary.     See  Kis-Maiua. 
..arianipol,  ml-re-ilm'pol,  or  Marianpol,  ml-rc- 
1,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  36  miles  N.E.  of  Suvalki, 

.  6o33. 
ariana,  m!l-re-i'n&,  or  Marianna^  m3.-re-Jla'nll, 

episcopal  city  of  Brazil,  province  of  Minas-Geracs,  45 

as  N.E.  of  Ouro  Prcto.     Pop.  6200.      It  stands  in  a 
sill  plain,  3080  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  bounded 
bftwo  heights   crowned  by  churches,  and   has  a  large 
edral,  Carmelite  and  Franciscan  convents,  a  diocesan 

inary,  and  an  episcopal  palace,  but  little  trade, 

Sariana  Islands,  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Laduonks. 

jtlarianna,  ma-re-an'na,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lee 
C'  Ark.,  at  the  head  of  navigation  on  the  Languille  River, 
al  on  the  Helena  &  Iron  Mountain  Railroad,  25  miles 
M.W.  of  Helena.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  newspaper 
ope.     Po|>.  in  1890,  1126. 

larianna,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jackson  co..  Fla., 
o  the  Chipola  River,  about  70  miles  W.N.W.  of  Talla- 
h  see.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  3  churches,  and  a  semi- 
ny.     Pop.  in  1890,  926. 

larianna,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  Tex. 

lariauo,  mi-re-i'no,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  9 
Wis  S.S.E.  of  Como.     Pop.  4677. 

lariaupol,  a  town  of  Poland.    See  Mauiampol. 

larianus  Mons.     See  Sierra  Mork.va. 

lariapod,  Transylvania.    See  Maupod. 

Sariapol,  a  town  of  Russia.  See  Mariopol. 
arias,  Las  Tres,  Ids  tr6s  mi-ree'4s  ("  The  Three  Ma- 
rl"), three  islands  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  off  the  W.  coast  of 
Wtico,  state  of  Jalisco,  between  lat.  21°  and  22°  N.  and 
loj  106°  and  106°  30'  AV.,  the  middle  or  largest  being  15 
ID5S  in  length  by  8  miles  in  breadth.  They  were  named 
lis  de  la  Magdalena  by  Diego  de  Mendoza  in  1532. 

laria-Schein,  mi.-ree'3,-shine\  a  place  of  pilgrimage 
inJohemia,  17  miles  N.N.W.  of  Leitmeritz,  with  a  church, 
al  a  miraculous  image,  stated  to  attract  annually  from 
31  00  to  40,000  devotees. 

(ari'a's  River,  Montana,  rises  on  the  E.  slope  of  the 
R  ky  Mountains,  and  drains  the  N.  part  of  Deer  Lodge 
cc  It  runs  nearly  southeastward  in  Choteau  co.,  and  en- 
te  the  Missouri  River  about  14  miles  below  Fort  Benton. 
It  8  nearly  300  miles  long.  Its  name  on  some  maps  is 
mked  Kay-i-you,  Boar's,  or  Maria's  River. 

(aria-Stein,  mi-ree'3,-stine\  a  place  of  pilgrimage 
ir  Switzerland,  canton  of  Soleure,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Basel, 
wi  a  Benedictine  abbey  and  an  image  of  the  Virgin. 

(ari'a  Stein,  stine,  a  post-office  of  Mercer  co.,  0.,  at 
Bllohn,  a  hamlet  16  miles  W.  of  Anna  Station. 

(ari'asville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  about 
4  lies  N.E.  of  Emlenton.     It  has  2  churches. 

(aria-Theresieuopel.    See  Theresie\stadt. 

lari'aville,  a  township  of  Hancock  co.,  Me.,  14  miles 
N)f  Ellsworth.  Pop.  369.  It  has  a  church,  saw-mills, 
ai  a  sole-leather  tannery.     Post-office,  North  Mariaville. 

(ariaville,  a  post-village  of  Schenectady  co.,  N.Y.,  26 
ma  N.W.  of  Albany.    It  has  3  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

(ariazell,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Marie.nzrll. 
Jlaribo,  m4're-bo\  a  town  of  Denmark,  near  the  eon- 
tijjf  the  island  of  Laaland.     Pop.  2156. 

ylarica,  mi-ree'ka,,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  20 
Wis  E.  of  Rio  Janeiro,  on  a  lake  of  the  same  name,  about 
8  iles  from  the  sea.  It  has  a  considerable  trade  in  man- 
dij,  flour,  rice,  and  millet,  almost  all  conveyed  on  mules  to 
R  Janeiro.  Sugar  and  rum  are  exported.  Pop.  of  the 
ii|rict,  6000. 

jLaricopa,  m4r-e-ko'pa,  a  largo  county  in  the  S.  cen- 
tnpart  of  Arizona,  is  drained  by  the  Gila  River,  the  Rio 


Verde,  and  Salinas  or  Salt  River.  The  surface  is  partly 
mountainous.  The  soil  in  some  places  is  fertile.  Silver  is 
found  in  it.     Capital,  Phoenix.     Pop.  in  1890,  10,986. 

Maricopa,  a  post-town  of  Pima  co.,  Arizona,  on  the. 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  37  miles  E.N.E.  of  Gila  Bend. 

Marie,  mi^rce',  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  30  miles  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  120. 

Mariefred,  mi-ree'§h-frM\  a  town  of  Sweden,  la;n  and 
37  miles  N.E.  of  Nykiiping,  on  a  bay  of  Lake  Muelar. 

Maric-Galante,  mi'ree'  g3,M6-Nt',  one  of  the  French 
West  India  Islands,  S.S.E.  of  Guadeloupe,  of  which  it  is  a 
dependency,  20  miles  N.  of  Dominica.  Estimated  area,  60 
square  miles.  Principal  products,  coffee,  sugar,  cotton,  and 
cacao.  Shores  rocky,  with  no  good  harbor.  Principal 
town,  Grand  Bourg,  on  the  S.W.  side.     Pop.  14,690. 

Marie  Joseph,  mi^reo'  zho^seflf ,  a  post-hamlet  in  Guys- 
borough  CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  sea-coast,  20  miles  S.  by 
W.  of  Sherbrooke.     Pop.  500. 

Mariel,  uiiVe-6l',  a  seaport  town  on  the  N.AV.  coast 
of  the  island  of  Cuba,  about  20  miles  W.  of  Havana.  Lat. 
23°  3'  N. ;  Ion.  82°  47'  W.  It  has  a  large  and  well-sheltered 
harbor,  capable  of  receiving  vessels  of  any  class.  Railway* 
connect  it  with  Havana  and  Batabano. 

Marienbad,  mH-ree'^n-bid^  or  mS.-ree'?n-b3,t',  a  vil- 
lage of  Bohemia,  N.W.  of  Pilsen,  in  a  picturesque  valley^, 
frequented  for  its  cold  chalybeate  and  saline  baths. 

Marienberg,  mi-ree'^n-bfiRO^  a  town  of  Saxony,  cir- 
cle of  Zwickau,  17  miles  S.S.E.  of  Chemnitz.  Pop.  5617. 
It  hiis  mineral  baths  and  manufactures  of  linen  and  lace. 

Marienbourg,  mS,'ree*6>-o^boon',  or  Marienburg, 
mi-ree'?n-booRG\  a  fortified  town  of  Belgium,  province, 
and  30  miles  S.W.  of  Namur.  It  is  connected  by  railway 
with  Charleroi.     Pop.  800. 

Maricnburg,  mi-ree'§n-booRG\  a  walled  town  of 
West  Prussia,  27  miles  S.E.  of  Dantzic,  on  the  Nogat.  Pop. 
8526.  It  has  a  castle,  built  in  1274  and  long-  the  seat  of 
the  grand  master  of  the  Teutonic  order,  a  normal  school, 
and  manufactures  of  cotton  and  woollen  cloths  and  of  hats. 

Marienburg,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Livonia,  on  the  lako 
of  the  same  name,  67  miles  S.W.  of  Pskov.     Pop.  2000. 

Marienburg,  Transylvania.    See  Foldvau. 

Mariensaal,  Austria.    See  Schlierbach. 

Marienthal,  WUrtemberg.     See  Mergentheim. 

Marienwerder,  mi-ree'§n-\v5R'd§r,  a  city,  capital  of 
West  Prussia,  and  of  a  government  of  its  own  name,  on  the 
Little  Nogat,  a  tributary  of  the  Vistula,  46  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Dantzic.  Pop.  7580.  It  has  a  cathedral  of  the  thirteenth 
century,  an  old  castle,  schools  of  arts  and  of  agriculture, 
and  a  hospital  for  blind  soldiers.  Chief  industries,  woollen.- 
cloth-weaving,  brewing,  and  distilling. 

Marienwerder,  a  government  of  West  Prussia, 
bounded  N.  by  Pomerania  and  the  government  of  Dantzio. 
Area,  6748  square  miles.     Pop.  800,744. 

Marieuzell,  mi-ree'^n-tsfill',  or  Mariazcll,  m4- 
ree'i-ts611',  i.e.,  the  "  cell  or  shrine  of  (Saint)  Mary,"  a  town 
of  Styria,  56  miles  S.W.  of  Vienna,  with  a  church  and  a 
famous  statue  of  the  Virgin.  It  has  been  called  the  Loreto 
of  Austria,  being  the  most  celebrated  place  of  pilgrimage 
in  the  empire,  and  is  said  to  be  annually  visited  by  100,000 
persons.  Near  it  are  some  of  the  largest  iron-foundries  ia 
Austria,  and  sulphur-  and  copper-works.     Pop.  1151. 

Maries,  ma'res,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Mis- 
souri, has  an  area  of  about  615  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected from  S.  to  N.  by  the  Gasconade  River,  and  is  drained 
by  Bourbeuso  Creek  and  Marais  River.  The  surface  is 
undulating  or  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with 
forests.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Copper  is  said  to  be  found  in  this  county.  Cap- 
ital, Vienna,  situated  near  the  Gasconade  River.  Pop.  in 
1870,  6916;  in  1880,  7304;  in  1890,  8600. 

Marie  Saline,  a  shijiping-point  of  Ashley  co.,  Ark., 
on  the  Ouachita  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Saline  River. 

Mariestad,  md-ree'fis-tid^  a  town  of  Sweden,  capital 
of  a  li»n,  on  Lake  Wencr,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Tida,  156 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Stockholm,     Pop.  2381, 

Mariestad,  also  called  Skaraborg,  skl'ii-boRg\  a 
laen  of  Sweden,  lies  chiefly  between  Lakes  Wener  and 
AVetter,  and  forms  part  of  AVest  Gothland,  Area,  3307 
square  miles.     Pop.  256,712. 

Mariet'ta,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cobb  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  AVestern  &  Atlantic  Railroad,  20  miles  N.AV.  of  At- 
lanta, and  58  miles  E.S.E.  of  Rome.  Its  site  is  elevated, 
and  is  2i  miles  from  Kenesaw  Mountain.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  a  bank,  8  churches,  the  Marietta  Male  Acad- 
emy, the  Marietta  Female  College,  and  a  superior  hotel. 
Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  It  has  2  flour- 
mills,  2  tanneries,  a  chair-factory,  and  2  carriage-factories . 


MAR 


1764 


MAK 


It  is  a  winter  resort  for  Northern  invalids,  and  a  summer 
resort  for  Soutlicrn  people.     Pop.  in  1890,  3384. 

MariettBi  a  post-village  in  Harris  township,  Fulton 
00.,  III.,  about  32  miles  S.  of  Qalesburg.  It  has  a  church. 
Coal  is  found  hero.     Pop.  110. 

Marietta^  a  harolet  of  Crawford  co.,  Ind.,  in  Union 
township,  12  inilos  W.  of  Leavenworth.  It  has  a  church. 
Here  is  Vest  Forli  Post-Office. 

Marietta,  a  post-haralet  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Blue  River,  about  28  miles  S.S.E.  of  Indianapolis, 

Marietta,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Marietta  township,  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  Iowa,  about 
6  miles  N.W.  of  Marshalltown.  The  township  is  bounded 
on  the  N.E.  by  the  Iowa  River,  and  has  a  pop.  of  916. 

Marietta,  a  post-ofBce  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas. 

Marietta,  a  post-office  of  Prentiss  oo.,  Miss.,  about  32 
miles  S.  of  Corintn. 

Marietta,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Neb. 

Marietta,  a  post-office  of  Esmeralda  co.,  Nevada. 

Marietta,  a  post-hamlet  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Nino  Mile  Creek,  at  the  outlet  of  Otisoo  Lake,  about  13 
miles  E.  of  Auburn.     It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  &<:. 

Marietta,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Washington  co.,  0.,  is 
finely  situated  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Ohio  River,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Muskingum,  and  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  latter 
river,  12  miles  above  Parkersburg,  and  about  80  miles 
below  Wheeling.  By  railroad  it  is  199  miles  E,  by  N.  of 
Cincinnati,  and  100  miles  S.  of  Canal  Dover.  It  is  con- 
nected with  the  latter  place  by  the  Marietta,  Pittsburg  & 
Cleveland  Railroad,  and  is  the  E.  terminus  of  the  Marietta 

6  Cincinnati  Railroad.  It  is  surrounded  by  picturesque 
scenery,  and  contains  many  handsome  residences  and  gar- 
dens. This  is  the  oldest  town  in  the  state,  having  been 
founded  in  1 788  by  General  R.  Putnam  and  other  emigrants 
from  New  England.  It  contains  13  churches,  a  union 
school,  2  national  banks,  1  other  bank,  and  Marietta  Col- 
lege (non-sectarian),  which  was  founded  in  1835  and  has  8 
instructors,  about  200  students,  and  a  library  of  24,000 
volumes.  Three  weekly  newspapers,  one  of  which  is  Ger- 
man, are  published  here.  Marietta  has  manufactures  of 
chairs,  furniture,  flour,  leather,  stoves,  hollow-ware,  buckets, 
lubricating  oil,  <fec.,  and  an  extensive  trade  in  petroleum, 
which  is  procured  in  the  vicinity.  Here  aro  found  some 
earthworks  of  the  ancient  mound-builders.  P.  (1890)  8273. 

Marietta,  a  post-borough  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  in 
East  Donegal  township,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  3  or  4 
miles  above  Columbia,  and  on  the  Columbia  Branch  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Ilarrisburg.  It 
contains  8  churches,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  high  school,  a  town  hall,  2  foundries,  a  roll- 
ing-mill, 6  iron-furnaces,  3  planing-mills,  and  a  manufac- 
tory of  hollow-ware.     Pop.  m  1890,  2402. 

Marietta,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C,  15 
miles  N.  of  Greenville.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Marietta,  a  post-township  of  Crawford  co.,  Wis.,  about 
70  miles  W.  of  Madison.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the 
Wisconsin  River.     Pop.  902. 

Marieviile,  Quebec.    See  Sainte  Marie  de  Moxnoir. 

Marigliano,  ml-reel-yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Caserta,  3i  miles  W.  of  Nola.     Pop.  5182. 

Marignane,  mi'recn^yin',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Bouches-du-Rh6ne,  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Aix.     Pop.  1741. 

Marignano,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Melegnano. 

Marignier,  miVeen'yi',  a  village  of  Savoy,  E.  of 
Bonneville,  on  the  Arve,     Pop.  of  commune,  1743. 

Marigny,  mi'reen^yeo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Manche, 

7  miles  W.  of  Saint-L8.     Pop.  450. 

Marigny  I'Eglisc,  miVeen^yee'  lA^gleez',  a  town  of 
Prance,  in  Nifivre,  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Clamocy.     Pop.  1600. 

Marigot,  or  lie  Marigot,  l^h  m&Vee'go',  a  village 
of  St.  Martin,  West  Indies,  on  its  N.  coast,  and  capital  of 
its  French  portion.  See  Capesterre,  La  Capesterre,  and 
Grand  Bodrg. 

Marigot  des  Roseanx,  m&Vec^go'  diro^zu',  a  village 
of  St.  Lucia,  West  Indies,  on  its  W.  coast. 

Mariguana,  mi-re-gwi'nl,  or  Mayagnana,  ml-d- 
gwi'ni,  one  of  the  most  S.  of  the  Bahama  Islands,  about  25 
miles  in  length,  and  from  3  to  5  miles  in  breadth.  Lat.  22° 
23'  N. ;  ion.  72°  55'  W.  The  Mariguana  Passage  is  be- 
tween Mariguana  and  Acklin  Island,  50  miles  westward. 

Mariinsk,  mi-re-insk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
of  Kasan.     Pop.  2876. 

Mariinsk,  a  town  of  Siberia,  government  and  100  miles 
E.  of  Tomsk.     Pop.  5311. 

Maril'la,  a  post-township  of  Manistee  co.,  Mich.,  about 
22  miles  E.N.E.  of  the  city  of  Manistee.  It  is  drained  by 
the  Manistee  River.     Poo.  133. 


Marilla,  a  post-village  in  Marilla  township,  Erie  co 
N.Y.,  about  20   miles   E.S.E.  of  Buffalo.     It  has  2  or  I 
churches  and  2  saw-mills.      Pop.  250  ;  of  township,  1887, 

Marilogium,  the  Latin  name  of  Marvejols. 

Marin,  mi-reen',  a  town  of  Spain,  5  miles  S.W.of  Pon. 
tevedra,  on  a  bay  of  the  Atlantic.     Pop.  1846. 

Marin,  m4-rcen',  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Californi*, 
has  an  area  of  about  590  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  San  Pablo  Bay,  and  on  the  S.  and  W.  by  the  P». 
cifio  Ocean.  The  Golden  Gate  separates  it  from  San  Pran. 
oisco.  The  surface  is  divcrsifled  by  high  hills,  one  uf  which 
called  Table  Mountain  or  Turn  el  Puis,  has  an  altitude  of 
about  2600  feet.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile,  and  adapted  to 
pasturage.  Much  fruit  is  grown  in  this  county,  includlDC 
the  grape,  orange,  apricot,  fig,  peach,  and  plum.  Butter 
oats,  cattle,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products.  It  Is  inter, 
seoted  by  the  North  Pacific  Coast  and  Snn  Francisco  i 
North  Pacific  Railroads,  both  of  which  connect  with  8aa 
Rafael,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  6903;  in  1880,  ll,821- 
in  1890,  13,072.  ' 

Marin,  m&^r&N"',  a  village  of  the  island  of  Martiniqat, 
on  its  S.  coast,  at  the  head  of  a  bay,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Port 
Royal.    P.  3925.    Near  it  is  the  extinct  volcano  Le  Maria. 

Marina  d'Andura,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Andoba. 

Ma'rindahl,  a  post-office  of  Yankton  co.,  S.D. 

Marinduque,  m&-rcen-doo'k&,  an  island  of  tire  Malay 
Archipelago,  Philippines,  S.  of  Luzon.  Lat.  14°  SCN.; 
Ion.  122°  E.    Length,  40  miles;  breadth,  10  miles.   Ontho 

5.  side  is  the  port  of  Malagi. 

Marine,  mg,-reen',  a  post-village  of  Madison  oo.,  III., 
about  25  miles'  E.S.E.  of  Alton,  and  24  miles  N.N.B.  of 
Belleville.  It  has  5  churches,  and  manufactures  of  cigan, 
clay  retorts,  fire-brick,  tiles,  and  tobacco.    Pop.  (1890)  637. 

Marine,  Lewis  co.,  Ky.     See  Escclapia. 

Marine,  or  Marine  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Waiih- 
ington  CO.,  Minn.,  in  Marine  township,  on  the  St.  Croix 
River,  12  miles  above  Stillwater,  and  24  miles  N.E.  of  St. 
Paul.  It  has  2  churches,  a  brewery,  a  fiouring-niill,  a  saw- 
mill, &<s.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Marine  Mills.  Pop. 
in  1890,  697;  of  the  township,  1687. 

Marine  City,  a  post-village  in  Cottrellville  township, 
St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  St.  Clair  River,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Belle  River,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Port  Huron,  and 
42  miles  by  water  N.E.  of  Detroit.  It  has  a  money-order 
post-office,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  4 
churches,  a  brewery,  and  a  tannery.  Steamboats  are  bailt 
here.     Pop.  in  1890,  3268. 

Marinella,  mi-re-nfil'li,  a  seaport  hamlet  of  Sicily,  U 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Mazzara.  Its  site  is  near  that  of  the  an- 
cient Seliiina  (now  Selinunto),  whose  ruins  consist  of  the 
stupendous  remains  of  three  Doric  temples. 

Marineo,  ml-re-ni'o,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Sicily,  11 
miles  S.E.  of  Palermo.     Pop.  8991. 

Mar'iner's  Har'bor,  a  post-village  in  Northfield 
township,  Richmond  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Staten 
Island,  and  on  Newark  Bay,  22  miles  S.W.  of  New  York. 

Marines,  miVeen'  (L.  Manerginm),  a  village  of  France, 
in  Seine-et-Oise,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Pontoise.     Pop.  1618. 

Marinette,  m8,r-i-net',  a  city,  capital  of  Marinette  oo., 
Wis.,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Menominee  River,  on  the  Chicago 

6,  Northwestern  and  Milwaukee  &  Northern  Railroads,  20 
miles  N.E.  of  Oconto.  The  river  is  here  spanned  bv  two 
bridges,  which  connect  the  city  with  Menominee,  Mich. 
One  is  of  wooden  structure,  the  other  a  handsome  iron 
bridge  erected  at  a  cost  of  $75,000.  The  city  has  a  court- 
house, a  city  hall,  14  churches,  public  and  parochial  schools, 
2  banks,  4  newspaper  offices,  19  saw-mills,  pulp-iuill«,  iron- 
works, flour-mills,  soap-mills,  a  sash-  and  door-factorf, » 
box-factory,  &o.     Pop.  in  1880,  2750  ;  in  1890,  11,523. 

Maringouin,  m5.V8.No^gwiN<»',  a  small  bayou  of  Looiii- 
ana,  commences  in  Pointe  Coupee  parish,  and  flows  south- 
ward through  Iberville  parish  into  Grand  River. 

Maringues,  m3,V6,No',  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy-de- 
DOme,  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Thiers.     Pop.  3002. 

Marinlia- Grande,  mi-reen'yi-grin'di,  a  village  of 
Portugal,  in  Estremadura,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Leiria.  Pop. 
1600.     It  is  celebrated  for  its  manufactures  of  glass. 

Marinilla,  mi-re-neeryi,  a  town  of  the  republic  of 
Colombia,  50  miles  S.E.  of  Antioquia,  in  lat.  5°  41'  N.,  on 
a  plateau  6765  feet  above  sea-level. 

Marino,  mi-ree'no  (anc.  Dovil'lxt),  a  town  of  Italy, 
with  a  castle,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Rome.     Pop.  6509. 

Marion,  m3,r'e-9n  or  ma'r^-on,  a  northwestern  county 
of  Alabama,  has  an  area  of  about  796  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Buttahatchee  and  Sipsey  Rivers,  which  rise 
in  it.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  extensively  covered  with 
forests.    Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  sUple  prod- 


MAR 


1765 


MAR 


us.  Coal  is  found  in  it.  This  county  is  intersected  in 
til  S.  part  by  the  Kansas  City,  Memphis  &  Birmingham 
I  Iroad.  Capital,  Hamilton.  Pop.  in  1870,  6059  j  in  1880, 
gU;  in  1890,  11,347. 

Marion,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Arkansas,  borders 
o|Missouri.  Area,  about  631  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sted  by  White  River  (which  also  forms  part  of  the  E. 
blndary),  and  is  partly  drained  by  Crooked  Creek,  an 
abent  of  the  above-named  river.  The  surface  is  hilly  or 
ululating,  and  is  partly  covered  with  forests  of  the  ash, 
likory,  chestnut,  white  oak,  <fec.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and 
p  k  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  minerals  are  Silu- 
r  1  limestone  and  marble.  Capital,  Yellville,  situated  on 
C  oked  Creek.  Pop.  in  1870,  3979 ;  in  1880,  7907 ;  in  1890, 
1  (90. 

|larion«  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  the  penin- 
sjiof  Florida.  Area,  about  1600  square  miles.  It  is  iuter- 
Si^ed  by  the  Ocklawaha  River,  and  partly  bounded  on  the 
I'by  Orange  Lake,  and  on  the  S.AV.  by  the  AVithlacoochee 
Ifer.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with 
serai  lakes  and  extensive  forests.  Tiie  soil  is  fertile, 
dton,  sugar-cane,  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products. 
Ijis  traversed  by  the  Florida  Central  &  Peninsular  Rail- 

and  the  Silver  Springs,  Ocala  &  Gulf  Railroad,  both 

hich  connect  with  Ocala,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
II).  in  1870,  10,804;  in  1880,  13,046;  in  1890,  20,796. 

arion,  a  western  county  of  Georgia,  has  an  area  of 
ut  330  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Kinchafoonee 
Clek  and  other  small  affluents  of  Flint  River,  The  sur- 
fJe  is  nearly  level,  and  a  large  ))art  of  it  is  covered  with 
fffists.  The  soil  is  generally  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
id  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed 
bjtne  Central  of  Georgia  Railroad.     Capital,  Buena  Vista. 

.  in  1870,  8000 ;  in  1880,  8598 ;  in  1890,  7728. 

arion,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Illinois,  has 
ajarea  of  680  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  East 
Ftk  of  the  Kaskaskia  River,  the  Skillet  Fork  of  the  Little 
Aibash,  and  Crooked  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating. 
Tl  soil  is  fertile.  A  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests, 
inphich  the  ash,  elm,  hickory,  silver  maple,  black  walnut, 
a)i  several  species  of  oak  abound.  A  little  more  than  half 
olhe  county  is  prairie.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and 
pjk  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  minerals  is  bitu- 
laous  coal.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Illinois 
C  tral  Railroad,  by  the  Chicago  division  of  the  same,  and 
bjhe  Ohio  <fc  Mississippi  Railroad.  Capital,  Salem.  Pop. 
irt870,  20,622 ;  in  1880,  23,686;  in  1890,24,341. 

larion,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Indiana,  has  an 
an.  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  White 
Rpr,  and  is  also  drained  by  Eagle  and  Fall  Creeks.  The 
atface  is  nearly  level.  About  one-third  of  it  is  covered 
wp  forests  of  hard  timber.  The  soil  is  very  fertile. 
A^pat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  cattle,  pork,  and  potatoes  are  the 
stUe  products.  This  is  the  most  populous  county  of  the 
Btp,  and  has  extensive  manufactures  of  iron,  flour,  paper, 
mjhinery,  <fec.  It  is  intersected  by  important  railroads, 
tqnames  of  which  are  given  in  the  article  on  Indianap- 
oll  which  is  the  county  town  and  the  capital  of  the  state. 
P|in  1870,  71,939;  in  1880,102,782;  in  1890,"  141,156. 
larion,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Iowa,  has 
anrea  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Des 
Mtoes  River  and  the  South  Fork  of  Skunk  River,  and  also 
drtoed  by  Cedar  and  AVhitebreast  Creeks.  The  surface  is 
uiplating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  forests. 
TH  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay, 
ca  e,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
Jilrally  supplied  with  timber,  and  has  mines  of  bituminous 
coj  It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  <fc  Pacific 
lUroad,  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  and 
thjiVabash  Railroad.  Capital,  Knoxville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
2486  ;_in  1880,  25,111;  in  1890,  23,058. 

arion,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  Kansas, 
ha  an  area  of  about  954  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
Conwood  Creek  and  its  branches,  which  rise  in  this 
00  ty.  The  surface  is  an  undulating  plain,  mostly  desti- 
tn  of  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  hay, 
na  live-stock  are  the  staple  products.  Magnesian  lime- 
Bt(3  crops  out  here.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
At  ison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Railroad,  and  the  Chicago, 
R':;  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Marion.  Pop.  in 
18l,  768;  in  1875,  5907;  in  1880,  12,453;  in  1890,  20,539. 

jarion,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  is  near  the  middle  of 
tn  tate.  Area,  about  336  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
th  Rolling  Fork  of  Salt  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or 
wndating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The 
soils  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  aats,  cattle,  and  pork 
ari  ,he  staple  products.    This  county  has  plenty  of  lime- 


stone. It  is  intersected  by  two  branches  of  the  Louisvilla 
&  Nashville  Railroad.  Capital,  Lebanon.  Pop.  in  1870, 
12,838;  in  1880,  14,693;  in  1890,  15,643. 

Marion,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Mississippi,  borders 
on  Louisiana.  Area,  about  1055  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected in  the  W.  part  by  Pearl  River,  and  is  also  drained  in 
the  N.E.  part  by  Black  Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level, 
and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is 
not  very  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  rice,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  The  S.E.  part  of  this  county  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  New  Orleans  &  Northeastern  Railroad.  Cap- 
ital, Columbia.  Pop.  in  1870,  4211;  in  1880,  6901;  in 
1890,  9532. 

Marion,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an 
area  of  about  420  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  South 
Fabius,  and  also  drained  by  the  North  and  South  Rivers, 
The  North  Fabius  also  drains  the  N.E.  part.  The  surface 
is  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the 
blue  ash,  white  ash,  elm,  hickory,  white  oak,  sugar-maple, 
Ac.  A  large  portion  of  it  is  prairie.  The  soil  is  deep  and 
fertile.  The  staple  products  are  wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats, 
hay,  cattle,  and  pork.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  Railroad  and  the  St.  Louis,  Keokuk 
&  Northwestern  Railroad,  and  contains  the  city  of  Hanni- 
bal. Capital,  Palmyra.  Pop.  in  1870,  23,780;  in  1880, 
24,837  ;  in  1890,  26,233. 

Marion,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  Ohio, 
has  an  area  of  about  416  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Scioto  and  Whetstone  Rivers,  and  is  also  drained  by 
the  Little  Scioto  River  and  Tymochtee  Creek.  The  surface 
is  nearly  level,  and  about  one-fourth  of  it  is  covered  with 
forests,  in  which  the  ash,  elm,  tulip-tree,  sugar-maple,  and 
oak  are  found.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
oats,  hay,  wool,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Here 
are  quarries  of  corniferous  (Devonian)  limestone,  a  good 
material  for  building,  and  of  Niagara  limestone  (Upper 
Silurian).  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  New  York,  Lake 
Erie  &  Western  Railroad  and  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati, 
Chicago  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad.  Ca))ital,  Marion.  Pop.  in 
1870,  16,184;  in  1880,  20,565;  in  1890,  24,727. 

Marion,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Oregon,  has  an 
area  of  about  830  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  AV. 
by  the  Willamette  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  North 
Fork  of  the  Snntiam  River,  which  forms  part  of  the  S. 
boundary,  and  by  Butte  and  Mill  Creeks.  The  E.  boundary 
extends  along  the  summit  of  the  Cascade  Range  of  moun- 
tains. The  surface  is  diversified  with  grand  and  pictu- 
resque mountain-scenery,  and  extensive  forests  of  oak,  fir, 
and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Wheat,  oats, 
butter,  lumber,  and  wool  are  the  staple  products.  The 
eastern  part  of  this  county  is  of  volcanic  formation.  It  is 
traversed  by  two  branches  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad, 
Capital,  Salem,  which  is  also  the  capital  of  the  state.  Pop, 
in  1870,  9965;  in  1880,  14,576;  in  1890,  22,934. 

Marion,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  South  Carolina, 
borders  on  North  Carolina.  Area,  about  1024  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Great  Pedee  River,  and  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  Little  Pedee,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  Lynch's 
Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  about  half  of  it 
is  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is 
sandy  and  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  rice,  tar,  and 
turpentine  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Wilmington,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad. 
Capital,  Marion  Court-House.  Pop.  in  1870,  22,160;  in 
1880,  34,107;  in  1890  (area  reduced),  29,976. 

Marion,  a  county  of  East  Tennessee,  bordering  on  Ala- 
bama, has  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  S.E.  by  the  Tennessee  River,  and  intersected  by  the 
Sequatchie  River,  The  surface  is  diversified  with  high 
ridges  or  table-lands,  connected  with  the  Cumberland  moun- 
tain-system. A  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests. 
The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  cotton,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  mines  of 
bituminous  coal.  It  is  traversed  by  two  branches  of  the 
Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  one  of  which 
connects  with  Jasper,  the  capital.  Pop,  in  1870,  6841 :  in 
1880,  10,910;  in  1890,  16,411. 

Marion,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Texas,  borders 
on  Louisiana.  Area,  about  420  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  S.  by  Caddo  Lake  and  Big  Cypress  Bnyou.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests  of 
the  hickory,  oak,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  produces  In- 
dian corn,  grass,  <fec.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Texas  <fc  Pacific  and  East  Line  <fc  Red  River  Railroads. 
Capital,  Jefferson.  Pop.  in  1870,  8562:  in  1880,  10,983: 
in  1890,  10,862.  . 


ttAtt 


17CG 


MAR 


Marion,  a  eounty  In  the  N.  port  of  Wert  Virglnln,  has 
•n  »rM  of  ftboutMN  vquaro  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Monongahola  Itiver,  which  flows  in  a  N.E.  direction,  and 
alio  drained  by  Tygiirt's  Valley  River,  which  unites  with 
the  Monongnhela  in  this  county.  The  surfuce  is  hilly,  and 
a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is 
partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  oats  are  the  staple 
products.  Among  its  minornls  is  bituminous  ooal.  Tnis 
county  is  trnvcrsod  by  the  Baltimore  4  Ohio  and  Monon- 

fnhcla  Uivor  Kailronds,  both  of  which  communicate  with 
airmont,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,107:  in  1880, 
17,198;  in  1890,  20,721. 

Mnrion,  a  post-village,  cnpital  of  Perry  oo.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Selma,  Marion  A  Memphis  Railroad,  28  miles  N.W. 
of  Selma.  Here  is  Howard  College  (IJaptist),  which  was 
organiied  in  1837.  Marion  also  contains  7  churches,  the 
Marion  Female  Seminary,  the  Judson  Female  Institute,  2 
newspaper  offices,  a  savings-banic,  and  some  machine-shops 
of  the  railroad.     Pop.  in  1890,  1982. 

Marion,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Crittenden  co.,  Ark., 
4  miles  W.  of  the  Mississippi  River,  and  about  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Memphis,  Tenn.     It  has  3  churches. 

Marion,  a  post-village  in  Southington  township,  Hart- 
ford CO.,  Conn.,  20  miles  N.  of  New  Haven,  and  1  mile  \V. 
of  the  Now  Haven  k  Northampton  Railroad.  It  has  a 
church. 

Marion,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Hamilton  co.,  Fla., 
on  the  Florida  Branch  of  the  Atlantic  &  Grulf  Railroad,  2 
miles  N.  of  the  Suwaneo  River. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Lee  co.,  III.  Pop.  747.  Marion 
Station  is  on  a  branch  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  A  Quincy 
Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Amboy. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Ogle  co..  111.    Pop.  1030. 

Marion,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Williamson  co.,  III.,  on 
the  Carbondale  A  Shawneetown  Railroad,  18  miles  E.  of 
Carbondale,  and  about  60  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Cairo.  It  has 
2  newspaper  offices,  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  2  flour- 
mills,  and  1  or  2  woollen-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  1338, 

Marion,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1319. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Boone  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  1786. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  2315. 
It  contains  Millhousen. 

Marion,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Qrant  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Centre  to^vnship,  on  Mississinewa  River,  and  on  the  Colum- 
bus, Chicago  A  Indiana  Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses 
the  Cincinnati,  Wabash  A  Michigan  Railroad,  40  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Logansport.  It  has  5  churches,  2  banks,  an  iron- 
foundry,  a  machine-shop,  several  lumber-mills,  and  print- 
ing-offices which  issue  3  weekly  newspapers.   P.  (1890)  8769. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Hendricks  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1263. 
It  contains  New  Winchester. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Jasper  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1629. 
It  contains  Rensselaer. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Jennings  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1200. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  3006. 
It  contains  Mitchell. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  37. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1767. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1428. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1453, 
It  contains  Fillmore. 

Marion,  a  village  in  Marion  township,  Shelby  oo,,  Ind., 
on  the  Big  131ue  River,  about  28  miles  S.E.  of  Indianapolis. 
It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  and  a  flour-mill.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Noah.    Pop.  of  the  township,  949. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1122. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Davis  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  959, 

Marion,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  129. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Hamilton  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  786. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1264, 

Marion,  a  township  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1298. 

Marion,  a  city,  capital  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa,  in  Marion 
township,  on  the  Dubuque  A  Southwestern  Railroad,  at  its 
junction  with  the  Sabula,  Ackley  A  Dakota  Railroad,  6 
miles  N.E.  of  Cedar  Rapids,  and  73  miles  S.W.  of  Dubuque. 
It  contains  8  churches,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  3 
newspaper  offices,  and  2  public  school-houses,  one  of  which 
cost  $yo,000.  It  has  also  a  foundry,  a  brewery,  1  or  2 
flouring-mills,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  furniture,  and 
farming  implements.     Pop.  in  1880,  2047;  in  1890,  3094. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Marshall  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  860. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Plymouth  co.,  Iowa,    Pop.  178. 

Marion,  township,  Washington  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1082. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Bourbon  co.,  Kansas.  Pop, 
1418.     It  contains  Uniontown. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Doniphan  co.,  Kansas,  Pop, 
T12,     It  contains  Palermo,  and  is  on  the  Missouri  River. 


Mnrion,  a  post-township  of  Donglas  co.,  Kansas,  aboa 
16  miles  S.W.  of  Lawrence.     Pop.  948. 

Marion,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Crittenden  co.,  Kr. 
about  40  miles  N.E.  of  I'mlucah,  and  12  miles  from  ih't 
Ohio  River.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy.   Pop.864, 

Marion,  a  hamlet  of  Owen  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Kentack) 
River,  about  44  miles  N.E.  of  Louisville. 

Marion,  a  post-ofiice  of  Union  parish.  La.,  about  3( 
miles  N.  of  Monroe. 

Marion,  a  post-township  of  Washington  oo,,  Mo.,  ]| 
miles  N.E.  of  Machias.     Pop.  213. 

Marion,  Maryland.    See  BtiiiNKTTSViLM!. 

Marion,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Plynootl 
CO.,  Mass.,  in  Marion  township,  on  Buzzard's  Bay,  ddi]  or 
the  railroad  from  Fairhaven  to  Treinont,  10  miles  E.N. E 
of  New  Bedford.  It  has  2  large  hotels,  6  cliurchss,  «bc 
several  boarding-houses.     Pop.  of  the  township,  S71, 

Marion,  a  township  of  Charlcvoi.\  co.,  Mioh.  Pop 
221.     It  contains  Barnard. 

Marion,  township,  Livingston  co.,  Mich,    Pop.  1161, 

Marion,  a  township  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mioh.    Pop,  73.1. 

Marion,  a  post-village  in  Mnrion  township,  OlroxtM 
CO.,   Minn.,   about   9  miles  S.E.  of  Rochester.     It  hu 
churches.    The  township  contains  Chester,  a  village  on  tb< 
Winona  A  St.  Peter  Railroad,  and  a  pop.  of  876. 

Marion,  a  village  of  Le  Flore  co..  Miss.,  on  the  Yaioi 
River,  about  82  miles  N.  of  Jackson.  See  also  Mario: 
Statiox. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Buchanan  co..  Mo.  Pop,  lfif7 
It  contains  Easton. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Christian  co,,  Mo.    Pop.  473. 

Marion,  a  post-hamlet  in  Marion  township,  Colo  ooJ 
Mo.,  on  the  Missouri  River,  about  18  miles  abovo  Jcfferwi 
City.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1108, 

Marion,  a  township  of  Dade  eo..  Mo.     Pop.  414, 

Marion,  a  township  of  Daviess  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1321, 

Marion,  a  township  of  Grundy  oo.,  Mo.    Pop.  2284, 

Marion,  a  township  of  Harrison  co..  Mo.    Pop.  2587 

Marion,  a  township  of  Jasper  co..  Mo,    Pop.  8964. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Mercer  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  1006, 

Marion,  a  township  of  Monroe  co..  Mo,  Pop,  2107 
It  contains  Madison. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Newton  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  1166, 

Marion,  a  township  of  Ozark  co..  Mo.    Pop.  745, 

Marion,  a  township  of  Polk  co..  Mo.    Pop.  2489. 
contains  Bolivar, 

Marion,  a  township  of  St,  Pranf  ois  co..  Mo.  Pop.  854 
It  contains  Hazel  Run. 

Marion,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co..  Neb.,  \  mik 
N.  of  the  Republican  River,  and  38  miles  S.  of  LmTell.    | 

Marion,  a  station  on  the  New  York  division  of  tbil 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  between  Jersey  City  and  Newsrk) 
N.J.,  3^  miles  from  the  initial  station  at  Jersey  City,  ani 
6i  miles  from  Newark. 

Marion,  a  post- village  in  Marion  township,  Wayne  eo. 
N.Y.,  5  or  6  miles  N.  of  Palmyra,  and  about  24  miles  B 
of  Rochester.  It  contains  3  or  4  churches,  the  Marion  Col^ 
legiate  Institute,  a  machine-shop,  a  foundry,  and  a  fanning 
mill  factory.     Pop.  432 ;  of  the  township,  2142. 

Marion,  a  post-village,  capital  of  McDowell  co.,  N.C, 
in  Marion  township,  on  the  Western  Railroad,  about  8( 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Charlotte,  and  10  miles  B.  of  the"  Bin. 
Ridge.  It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy.  Pop.  aboB 
1000;  of  the  township  in  1890.  2919. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  0,  Pop.  2920.  I 
contains  Delphos. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  0.  Pop.  1592.  1 
contains  Blanchcster. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  0,    Pop.  743. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Hancock  co.,  0.    Pop.  990. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Hardin  co.,  0.    Pop.  671. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  0.    Pop.  513 
contains  Hamler. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Hocking  co.,  0,    Pop.  ^^^'  ] 

Marion,  a  hamlet  in  Aid  township,  Lawrence  oo,W 
13  miles  N.E.  of  Ironton.     Here  is  Aid  Post-Officc. 

Marion,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Marion  co.,  0.,  in 
township  of  the  same  name,  on  the  Atlantic  A  Great  Wejt 
em  Railroad,  35  miles  W.S.W.  of  Mansfield,  85  miles  N.l 
of  Dayton,  and  22  miles  N.  by  AV.  of  Delaware.  It  is  «« 
on  the  Columbus  A  Toledo  Railroad  and  the  Clevelsnc 
Columbus,  Cincinnati  A  Indianapolis  Railroad.  ItcontsiJ 
a  court-house,  9  churches,  a  union  school,  a  national  bsni 
3  other  banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactories  o 
carriages,  farming-implements,  furniture,  steam-engiw 
and  machinery,  cane-bottom  chairs,  and  sash  and  blinui 
Pop.  in  1880,  3899;  in  1890   8327. 


I 


MAR 


1767 


MAR 


Pop.  1440.     It 

Pop.  850. 
Pop.  823. 


!  Mfirion,  a  township  of  Mercer  co.,  0.  Pop.  1876.  It 
mtains  Chickasaw,  Kopel  (or  Marysville),  Rosengarten, 
trtliagena,  and  St.  Johns. 

[Marion,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  0.  Pop.  2074.  It 
bntains  Chesterfield. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Noble  co.,  0.  Pop.  1733.  It 
mtains  Summorfield. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  0.     Pop.  813. 

Marion,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Ugon  &  California  Railroad,  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Salem.    It 

IS  a  saw-mill  and  a  warehouse.     Pop.  nearly  100. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Beaver  co.,  Pa.  JPop.  307. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Berks  co..  Pa. 
mtains  Stouchsburg. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Pa. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Centre  co.,  Pa. 

Marion,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co..  Pa.,  on   the 

imberland  Valley  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Cham- 

irsburg.     It  has  a  female  seminary,  a  coach-factory,  and 

churches  near  it. 

Marion,  a  borough  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.,  in  East  Ma- 

jning  township,  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Indiana.     It  has  2 

lurches,  an  academy,  a  woollen-factory,  a  flour-mill,  &o. 

op.  310.    The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Brady. 

Marion,  a  decayed  village  of  Angelina  co.,  Tex.,  on 

le  Angelina  River,  about  75  miles  E.S.E.  of  Palestine. 

Marion,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Guadalupe  co., 
'ex.,  on  the  Galveston  &  Ilarrisburg  Railroad,  10  miles  W. 
|y  S.  of  Seguin. 

I  Marion,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Smyth  co.,  Va.,  on 
ne  Middle  Fork  of  the  Ilolston  River,  and  on  the  Atlantic, 
Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad,  29  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Abingdon, 
bd  160  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Lynchburg.  It  has  a  newspaper 
teoe,  a  bank,  a  female  college,  a  high  school  (male),  6 
riurches,  and  manufiictures  of  barytes,  chairs,  and  ploughs, 
iop.  in  1880,  919;  in  1890,  1651. 
f  Marion,  a  station  in  Marion  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Balti- 

ioro  &  Ohio  Railroad,  2  miles  W.  of  Fairmont. 
Marion,  a  township  of  Grant  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  VTis- 
nsin  River.     Pop.  726. 

Marion,  a  township  of  Juneau  co.,  Wis.  Pop.  338. 
Marion,  a  township  of  AVaushara  co..  Wis.  Pop.  569. 
Marion  and  Crozet  Islands.  See  Crozet  Islands. 
Marion  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  in  Cape  Breton  co., 
va  Scotia,  on  Mira  River,  12  miles  from  Sydney.  P.  150. 
Marion  Centre,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Marion  co., 
I'ansas,  on  Cottonwood  Creek,  about  50  miles  W.  of  Em- 
jtria,  and  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Florence  Railroad  Station. 
!  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  2  banks,  a  newspaper 

I  ice,  and  2  flour-mills.  Pop.  in  1880,  857 ;  in  1890,  2047. 
Marion  Court-House,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
arion  co.,  S.C,  in  Marion  township,  on  the  Wilmington, 
lumbia  <k  Augusta  Railroad,  102  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Co- 
jmbia,  and  87  miles  W.  of  Wilmington.  It  has  2  news- 
f.per  offices,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  and  5  churches.  Pop. 
•8:  of  the  township,  2490. 

Marion  Junction,  a  post-office  of  Dallas  co.,  Ala., on 
e  Selma,  Marion  &  Memphis  Railroad,  at  its  junction 
th  the  Alabama  Central  Railroad,  14  miles  W.  of  Selma. 
Marion  Lake,  township,  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn.   P.  502. 
Marion  Station,  a  post-village   of  Lauderdale  co., 
(iss.,  on  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of 
leridian.     It  has  a  high  school  and  2  churches. 
Ma'rionville,   a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co..  Mo.,  on 
near  the  Atlantic  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  24  miles  S.AV.  of 
ringfield.     It  contains  the  Marionvillo  Collegiate  Insti- 
te,  4  churches,  and  a  plough-factory. 
MarionviUe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.T.,  in 
•mpey  township,  3i  miles  from  Summit  Station. 
MarionviUe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Forest  co.,  Pa.,  about 
miles  E.  of  Oil  City.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 
[Mariopol,  mi-re-o'pol,  Mariupol,  or  Marionpol, 
l-rce-oo'pol,  written  also  Mariapol,  a  town  of  Russia, 
vernment  and  140  miles  S.E.  of  Yekaterinoslav.    P.  9037. 
Pariout,  or  Marioot,  Egypt.    See  Mareotis. 
Maripocu,  ml-re-po-koo',  a  village  of  Brazil,  province 
1  35  miles  W.N.W.  of  Rio  Janeiro,  on  a  small  river  of 
J  s.ame  name.     Pop.  1800. 

3Iaripo'sa,  a  county  of  California,  is  near  the  middle 
the  state.  Area,  about  1600  square  miles.  It  is  mostly 
lined  by  the  Merced  and  Mariposa  Rivers.  The  Sierra 
jivada  extends  along  the  N.E.  border  of  this  county,  the 
jfface  of  which  presents  mountain-scenery  of  exceeding 
»uty  and  sublimity.  Among  its  remarkable  features  are 
thedral  Peak,  which  is  about  11,000  feet  high,  and  the 
nous  Yosemite  Valley.  (See  Yosemite.)  It  also  contains 
p-ovo  of  enormous  trees  {Sequoia  gigantea).  Some  of  these 


are  about  320  feet  high  and  30  feet  in  diameter.  Gold  is 
the  chief  article  of  export.  This  is  one  of  the  great  gold- 
producing  counties  of  California,  the  annual  yield  since 
the  discovery  having  been  large.  Capital,  Mariposa.  Pop. 
in  1870,  4572  ;  in  1880,  4339  ;  in  1890,  3787. 

Mariposa,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Mariposa  co.,  Cal., 
is  situated  in  a  mountainous  region,  about  90  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Stockton,  and  30  miles  S.W.  of  the  Yosemite  Valley. 
It  has  a  money-order  post-office,  a  newspaper  office,  2 
churches,  and  2  superior  hotels.  Gold  is  found  near  this 
place,  and  is  the  chief  article  of  export.     Pop.  about  500. 

Mariposa,  a  township  of  Jasper  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  680. 

Mariposa  River,  California,  rises  in  Mariposa  co., 
near  the  Yosemite  Valley,  and  runs  first  southwestward.  It 
next  runs  nearly  westward,  and  enters  the  San  Joaquin 
Ri\'^r  in  Merced  co.  It  is  about  120  miles  long.  Gold  is 
found  near  this  river. 

Marippi,  mi-rip'pee,  a  small  town  of  Brazil,  on  the 
Hiapura,  about  40  miles  from  the  Amazon. 

Mariquita,  m8,-re-kee'tl,  a  town  in  the  republic  of 
Colombia,  in  the  department  of  Cundinamarca  (formerly 
the  capital  of  a  province),  10  miles  W.  of  Honda. 

Maris'sa,  a  post- village  of  St.  Clair  co..  111.,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Alton  <k  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  23  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Belleville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  planing- 
mill. 

Marissus,  or  Marisns,  Transylvania.    See  Maros. 

Maritima  Colonia  Antiliornm.    See  Martigues. 

Mar'itime  Alps  (anc.  Marit'imie  Al'pes),  the  name  of 
a  division  of  the  Alps,  extending  from  the  head  of  the  Gulf 
of  Genoa  westward  to  Monte  Viso,  near  the  sources  of  the 
Po.    See  Alpes-Maritimes. 

Maritimo,  mi-ree'te-mo,  Marit'timo,  or  Mareti- 
mo  (anc.  Hi'era  or  Marit'ima),  an  island  of  the  Mediter- 
ranean, oif  the  W.  coast  of  Sicily,  with  a  castle  on  its  N.E. 
coast.     Length,  3i  miles;  breadth,  2  miles. 

Marits,  Morrow  co.,  Ohio.    See  Denmark. 

Maritza,  or  Marizza,  mi-rit's&  (anc.  He'hrus),  the 
principal  river  of  Eastern  Roumelia,  the  area  of  nearly  the 
"whole  of  which  province  is  comprised  in  its  basin,  rises  on 
the  N.E.  slope  of  Despoto  Dagh,  flows  S.E.  and  S.S.W.,  and 
enters  the  ^gean  Sea  opposite  Enos.    Length,  260  miles. 

Mariupol,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Mariopol. 

Marivillier,  a  town  of  Alsace.    See  Ammersweiep 

Mar  Jonico,  the  Spanish  name  of  the  Ionian  Sea. 

MarjOAV,  mar^jow',  a  town  of  British  India,  presidency 
of  Madras,  15  miles  N.  of  Onore,  and  conjectured  to  be  thn 
ancient  Mttsin's. 

Mark,  or  De  Mark,  di  maRk,  a  river  of  the  Nether- 
lands, rises  in  Belgium,  assumes  the  name  of  Dintel,  and 
enters  the  Volke  Rak,  after  a  course  of  about  40  miles. 

Mark,  a  township  of  Defiance  co.,  0.     Pop.  595. 

Markah,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Merkah. 

Mark  Centre,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Mark  town- 
ship. Defiance  co.,  0.,  on  the  Chicago  division  of  the  Bal- 
timore &  Ohio  Railroad,  13  miles  AV.  of  Defiance. 

Mark'dale,  or  East  Glen^elg'  (also  called  Corn- 
abuss),  a  post-village  in  Grey  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  Toronto, 
Grey  &  Bruce  Railway,  92i  miles  N.W.  of  Toronto.  It 
contains  a  woollen-mill,  a  grist-mill,  2  saw-mills,  and  6 
stores.     Pop.  250. 

Markdorf,  maRk'doRf,  a  town  of  Baden,  11  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Constance.     Pop.  1778. 

Mark-Diiren,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  DOren. 

Markelo,  maR'keh-lo',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Overyssel,  15  miles  E.  of  Deventer.  Pop.  of  commune, 
4319. 

Markelville,  Perry  co..  Pa.    See  Markleville. 

Marken,  maR'k?n,  an  island  of  the  Netherlands,  prov- 
ince of  North  Holland,  in  the  Zuyder  Zee,  10  miles  N.H. 
of  Amsterdam.     Pop.  1044. 

Mar^kesan',  a  post-village  of  Green  Lake  co..  Wis.,  in 
Mackford  township,  on  Grand  River,  about  28  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Portage  City.  It  has  2  churches,  a  money-order  post  • 
office,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  wagon-shop.     Pop.  about  400. 

Market.  For  places  with  the  prefix  Market,  not  under- 
mentioned, refer  to  their  additional  names. 

Mar'ket-Deep'ing,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lin- 
coln, 93  miles  N.N.W.  of  London.     Pop.  of  parish,  1235. 

Market-Dereham,  England.    See  East  Dereham. 

Market-Drayton, England.  SeeDnAYTON-iN-IlALEs. 

Mar'ket-Har'borough,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and 
16i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Leicester,  on  the  Welland,  at  a  railway 
junction.  It  has  a  fine  Gothic  church,  said  to  have  been 
erected  by  John  of  Gaunt.  It  gives  the  title  of  earl  to  the 
Sherard  family.     Pop.  (1891)  5876. 

Mar'kethill,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  6  miles  S.E. 


MAR 


1768  MAR 


of  Armagh.  It  hu  a  neat  ooart-hou8«  and  Jail,  and  a  oas- 
telUted  Boat  of  Lord  Qoaford.     Pop.  1148. 

Market-in-IIales.      Se«  Drayton-in-IIales. 

Market  Jew,  a  toirn  of  England.    See  Maraziox. 

Mar'ket  Lake*  a  village  of  Oneida  oo.,  Idaho,  on 
Bnnkc  River,  near  a  lake  of  iU  own  name,  and  on  the  Utah 
Northern  Itnilruad,  19  miles  N.  of  Eagle  Rock,  nnd  about  60 
miles  N.  of  Fort  Hall.  The  lake  is  dry  during  the  summer. 
Gold  id  found  near  this  village. 

Markham,  mark'^m,  a  station  in  Morgan  co.,  HI.,  on 
tho  Wnb:u<h  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of  Jackfonville. 

Mnrkham,  a  post-office  of  Cattaraugus  oo.,  K.Y.,  on 
the  Ituffali)  >t  Jamestown  Railroad,  39  miles  S.  of  Buffalo. 

fllarkham,  inark'^m,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario, 
22i  miles  by  rail  N.X.E.  of  Toronto.  It  has  a  weekly  news- 
paper, several  churches  and  mills,  and  manufactories  of 
tells,  iron  castings,  machinery,  carriages,  leather,  wouden- 
wnre,  Ac,  about  12  stores,  and  4  hotels.     Pop.  1000. 

Markham  Station,  a  small  post-village  of  Fauquier 
CO.,  Va.,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Manassas  with 
Etrasburg,  65  miles  W.  of  Alexandria.     It  has  a  church. 

Markinch,  mar'kinch\  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Fife,  on  ft  railway,  7  miles  N.  of  Kirkcaldy.     Pop.  1237. 

Markirch,  man'kScRK,  or  Mariakirch,  ml-ree'&- 
kCCuK^  (Fr.  Sai'ute -Marie -aux -Millet,  siNt-mi'ree'-C- 
meen),  a  town  of  Alsace,  12  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Schlcttstadt. 
It  has  manufactures  of  cottons,  linens,  beer,  paper,  and 
leather,  and  old  mines  of  lead  and  copper.     Pop.  12,319. 

Mark'land,  a  post-village  and  shipping-point  of  Swit- 
zerland CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  75  miles  below  Cincin- 
nati. It  has  a  church,  3  stores,  a  flour-mill,  a  steam  saw- 
mill, and  a  stave-factory.     Pop.  about  300. 

Markle,  mar'k'l,  a  post-village  in  Rock  Creek  township, 
Huntington  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Wabash  River,  10  miles  S.E. 
of  Huntington.  It  has  several  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a 
saw-niill,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  218. 

Markic,  a  post-hamlet  in  Alleghany  township,  West- 
moreland CO.,  Pa.,  4  miles  W.  of  Apollo.  It  has  a  church, 
an  academy,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Mark'leeville*  a  post-village,  capital  of  Alpine  co., 
Cal.,  is  near  the  Sierra  Nevada,  about  100  miles  E.  by  N. 
of  Sacramento.     It  has  a  newspaper  office  and  3  saw-mills. 

Marklesbnrg,  mar'kl'z-burg,  a  borough  of  Hunting- 
don CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Huntingdon  <t  Broad  Top  Railroad,  11 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Huntingdon.  It  has  2  churches  and  3 
stores.     Pop.  about  300.     Post-office,  James  Creek. 

Markleville,  mar'k'1-rll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co., 
Ind.,  about  10  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Anderson.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  83. 

Marklcville,  or  AlarkelTiUe,  a  post-village  of  Perry 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Juniata  township,  on  Buffalo  Creek,  about  20 
miles  N.  of  Carlisle.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Markleysburg,  mark'liz-burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fay- 
ette CO.,  Pa.,  in  Clay  township,  19  or  20  miles  S.E.  of  Union- 
town.     It  has  a  church. 

Markiissa,  maRk-lis'si,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  42 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Licgnitz,  on  the  Queiss.     Pop.  2224. 

Markneukirchen,  maRk'noi'ke5nK-?n,  a  town  of 
Saxony,  2S  miles  S.S.W.  of  Zwickau.     Pop.  4157. 

JHarkobel,  maR-ko'b§l,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse- 
Nassau,  near  Hanau,  on  the  Kobelsbach.     Pop.  1127. 

Markoldendorf,  maR-kol'd^n-doRr,  a  village  of  Prus- 
sia, in  Hanover,  on  the  Ilm,  opposite  Oldcndorf,  21  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Gottingen.     Pop.  966. 

Markovccz,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Marcovecz. 

Mark-Ranst^dt,  mank'-HLn'stitt,  a  town  of  Germany, 
in  Saxony,  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Leipsic.     Pop.  2097. 

Mark8borough,marks'bur-ruh,  a  post-village  of  War- 
ren CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Paulinskill  River,  .3  miles  from  Blairs- 
town  Station,  and  about  15  miles  N.E.  of  Belvidere.  It 
has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Mark's  Creek,  of  Richmond  co.,  North  Carolina,  flows 
into  Yadkin  River  near  the  S.  boundary  of  the  state. 

Mark's  Creek,  township.  Wake  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  1396. 

Marks'ville,  apost-rillage,  capital  of  Avoyelles  parish. 
La.,  3  miles  S.  of  Red  River,  and  about  44  miles  N.  of 
Opelousas.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  convent,  and  a 
church.     Pop.  in  1890,  540. 

Marksville,  New  Jersey.    See  Marksborough. 

Marksville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Page  co.,  Va.,  8  miles  S. 
by  W.  of  Luray.    It  has  a  church,  flour-mill,  and  saw-mill. 

Markt,  maRkt,  a  German  word,  signifying  "market," 
forming  a  part  of  the  names  of  numerous  towns  and  vil- 
lages ef  Germany. 

Markt-Breit,  maRkt-brite,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
Main,  13  miles  S.E.  of  WUrzburg.     Pop.  2229. 

Markt-Erlbacb,  a  town  of  Bavaria.    See  Erlbach. 


Markthcidenfeld,  Bavaria.    See  IlEiDEHrKLD. 

Markt  Lciigast,  Germany.    See  Leuoast.  i 

Markt-Ofliiigen,  Bavaria.    See  Opri.NaB.t. 

Marktstcfl,  maukt'stfift,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  la, 
Main,  45  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Nuremberg.     Pup.  1131. 

Markt>Zeula,  a  town  of  Bavaria.    Sou  Zeula. 

Mark  West,  a  post-office  of  Sonoma  co.,  C«l_  oa  tki 
San  Francisco  A  North  Pacific  Railroad,  63  tatim  K.  ol 
San  Francisco. 

Mar'land  Vil'lage,  a  village  of  Essex  co.,  Man-  U 
Andover  township,  1  mile  N.  of  Andover,  on  Shawihen 
River.     It  has  a  woollen-mill. 

Marlborough,  marl'b'ruh  or  mawl'br^,  a  ton  of 
England,  co.  of  Wilts,  on  the  Kennct,  here  oroesed  by  mt. 
oral  bridges,  26  miles  E.N.E.  of  Salisbury,  and  10  mila 
W.  of  Hungerford.  It  has  numerous  antique  houiw,  u 
old  Norman  church,  grammar-school  or  college,  atuMrioi 
secondary  school,  a  guild  liall  with  assembly-ruonu,  tic 
manufactures  of  rope  and  sacking.  The  borough  lenJii 
member  to  the  House  of  Commons.     Pop.  (1891)  30(2. 

Marlborough,  marl'bilr-riih,  a  county  in  the  N.E 
part  of  South  Carolina,  borders  on  North  Carolina.  Art* 
about  530  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  b>  ib< 
Great  PeJee  River.  It  has  extensive  forests  and  a  fca|l( 
soil.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  sweet  potatoes,  and  pork  art  tki 
staple  products.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Palmetto  Railroad 
the  Cape  Fear  &,  Yadkin  Valley  Railroad, and  the  Charl«tton 
Sumter  &  Northern  Railroad.  Capital,  fiennettsville.  Pop 
in  1870,  11,814;  in  1880,  20,598;  in  1890,  23,500. 

Marlborough,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hartford  co.,OonB., 
in  Marlborough  township,  17  or  18  miles  S.E.  of  Uartfoil 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  476. 

Marlborough,  Maryland.    See  Upper  MARLBOROCtt 

Marlborough,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mua, 
in  Marlborough  township,  on  the  Boston,  Clinton  i  Fitah- 
burg  Railroad,  and  tho  Marlborough  Branch  of  the  FitA 
burg  Railroad,  32  miles  W.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  high  school, 
a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  and  20  extensive  inana< 
factories  of  boots  and  shoes,  also  manufactures  of  maehiner} 
and  cigars.  It  contains  7  churches  and  2  newspaper  offiett 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1880,  10,127;  in  1S9U,  13,80j. 

Marlborough,  a  post-village  of  Cheshire  co.,  N.lI.,iB 
Marlborough  towusbip,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Keene,  nboat  44 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Concord,  and  2  miles  from  Marlborough 
Depot,  which  is  on  the  Cheshire  Railroad.  Marlborough 
has  also  a  station  on  the  Manchester  &  Keenc  Railroad.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  2  machine-shops,  2  eaw-milb, 
and  manufactures  of  blankets,  yarn,  pails,  <tc. ;  also  i 
granite-quarry.     Pop.  of  the  towushin  in  1890,  1695. 

Marlborough,  a  post-village  of  Monmouth  co.,  NJ., 
in  Marlborough  township,  on  the  Freehold  i  New  Yorit 
Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Freehold,  and  13  miles  S.  of  Key- 
port.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2231. 

Marlborough,  a  post-village  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y,  io 
Marlborough  township,  about  1  mile  W.  of  the  Iludsoit 
River,  and  65  miles  N.  of  New  York.  It  has  4  churcho,! 
several  flour-mills,  a  shoddy-mill,  a  basket-factory,  snd 
about  50  houses.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E,  by 
the  Hudson  River,  and  contains  another  village,  named 
Milton.  Many  peaches,  raspberries,  and  grapes  .ire  ex- 
ported from  it.     Pop.  in  1890,  870  ;  of  tho  township,  3598. 

Marlborough,  a  station  (Marlsville  Post-Office)  in 
Bladen  oo.,  N.C,  on  the  Carolina  Central  Railroad,  26  milei: 
N.N.W.  of  Wilmington.  ; 

Marlborough,  a  post-village  of  Pitt  co,  N.C,  •bootj 
75  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  2  churches,  a  «»•) 
mill,  a  planing-mill,  <tc. 

Marlborough,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  0.  Pop. 
562.     It  contains  Norton. 

Marlborough,  a  post-village  in  Marlborough  town- 
ship. Stark  CO.,  0.,  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Akron,  and  IJ 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Canton.  It  has  a  graded  school,  several 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  ploughs,  Ac  Pop- 
of  the  township,  1870.  ^^. 

Marlborough,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  abont 
8  miles  S.W.  of  West  Chester.     It  has  a  Friends'  meeting. 

Marlborough,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co,  P». 
Pop.  1303. 

Marlborough,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Tenn., » 
miles  from  the  Nashville  <t  Northwestern  Railroad.  It  n" 
2  churches. 

Marlborough,  a  post-hamlet  in  Marlborough  towB- 
ship,  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  about  24  miles  E.  of  Bennington. 
It  has  a  church.     Pop.  665. 

Marlborough  (formerly  Cedar  Creek),  a  poft-bsm- 
let  of  Frederick  co.,  Va.,  on  Cedar  Creek,  14  or  15  niiw 
S.W.  of  Winchester.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-null' 


MAR 


1769 


MAR 


jirlborough  Court-House.   See  BExyETTsviLLB. 

iSriboroiigh  Depot,  a  post-Uamlet  in  Marlborough 
toKShip,  Cheshire  co.,  N.IL,  on  the  Cheshire  Railroad,  6 
aiif  S.E.  of  Keene.     It  has  manufivctures  of  wooden-ware. 

iirle,  maRl  (L.  Marne),  a  town  of  France,  in  Aisne, 
U  [lc3  N.B.  of  Laon.     Pop.  2228. 

Jirlenheim,  maR'l?n-hime'  (Fr.  pron.  maRM5n'5m'), 
»T  ige  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Stras- 
bni     Pop.  1641. 

lariette,  mar-let',  a  post-vill.age  in  Marlette  town- 
Bhi  Sanilac  co.,  Mich.,  30  miles  W.  of  Lexington,  and 
abc  72  miles  N.  of  Detroit.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded 
sohl,  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  shingles.  Pop. 
of  B  township  in  1S90,  2370. 

I  irley,  Maryland.    See  Marlt. 

Jir'ley's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C., 
23  Ics  W.  of  Pittsborough.  Here  are  a  flour-mill  and  a 
san  lill. 

I^r'lin,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Falls  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Wa  Branch  of  the  Houston  <fc  Texas  Central  Railroad, 
leOiiles  N.N.W.  of  Houston,  and  about  2  miles  E.  of 
the  razos  River.  It  has  3  churches,  2  banks,  and  2  semi- 
nars.    A  newspaper  is  published  here.    Pop.  (1S90)  2058. 

Jirlin's  Bottom,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pocahontas  oo., 
\V.  *.,  35  miles  N.  of  the  White  Sulphur  Springs. 

BirlOW,  maR'Iov,  a  town  of  Mecklenburg-Schwerin, 
IS  )  les  E.N.E.  of  Rostock.     Pop.  1906. 

Imrlow,  Great,  England.    See  Great  Marlow. 

lllirlow',  mar'lo,  a  post-hamlet  of  EflBngham  co.,  Ga., 
on  jB  Georgia  Central  Railroad,  26  miles  N.W.  of  Savan- 
naH  It  is  near  the  Ogeechee  River.  It  has  9  dwellings 
and!  printing-office. 

It^rlOW,  a  post-village  in  Marlow  township,  Cheshire 
co.,i.n.,  16  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Keene,  and  about  33  miles 
W.  \  S.  of  Concord.  It  contains  an  academy,  3  churches, 
andj  tannery.     Pop.  of  the  township,  716. 

^!  riow,  or  Saint  Come,  a  post-village  in  Bcauce 
00.,  lebec,  on  the  Kennebec  River,  15  miles  from  Jersey 
Riv  Chaudiure.  It  contains  4  saw-mills,  3  stores,  and  a 
hote    Pop.  300, 

W  ris'ville,  a  post-office  of  Bladen  co.,  N.C.,  at  Marl- 
boro ;h  Station  of  the  Carolina  Central  Railroad. 

JNrl'ton,  a  post-village  in  Evesham  township.  Bur- 
ling 1  CO.,  N.J.,  6  miles  E.  of  HaddonSeld,  and  about  11 
mile  5.S.E.  of  Camden.  It  has  2  churches  and  3  stores. 
Per.,  bout  340. 

W  r'lf ,  a  post-office  of  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md. 

fllrly-le-Roi,  maRMee'-l^h-Rwi,  a  village  of  France, 
in  Sjie-et-Oise,  4  miles  N.  of  Versailles,  on  the  Seine,  cele- 
brat*  as  the  residence  of  Louis  XIV.,  and  for  the  hy- 
draiK  works  which  ho  planned  to  convey  water  to  Ver- 
Baillj    Pop.  1302. 

JUrmagne,  man'mlfi',  a  village  of  France,  on  a  rail- 
way j  miles  N.  of  Bourges.     Pop.  1245. 

Mirmande,  maR'm6\d'  (L.  Marmanda),  a  town  of 
Frarf.  in  Lot-et-Garonne,  on  the  Garonne,  35  miles  by 
rail  j.W.  of  Agen.  Pop.  6037.  It  is  nearly  surrounded 
by  aiesplanade  planted  with  trees  and  ornamented  with 
foun,n3.  Principal  edifices,  the  town  hall,  court-house, 
and  ^nmunal  college.  It  has  manufactures  of  linen  and 
woolh  cloths,  brandy,  ticking,  ropes,  hats,  Ac,  and  a  small 
port  p  steamboats  which  ply  daily  to  Bordeaux. 

Mrmanhac,  maRhnin^ik',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Cant   7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Aurillac.     Pop.  1670. 

Mj-maras,  3Iarmaras8,  maR*mi-riss',  or  Mar- 
moij'.e,  maR'mo-reece',  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  at  the 
head','  the  Bay  of  Marmaras,  27  miles  N.  of  Rhodes.  It 
has  dexport  trade  in  timber,  valonia,  turpentine,  honey, 
wax,leches,  4c.  Near  it  are  some  remains  of  the  ancient 
Phyi\i.  Capb  Marmaras  is  at  the  entrance  of  the  bay, 
lat.  ^'  42'  40"  N.,  Ion.  28°  20'  E. 

Mlmaros,  maR'moh'rosh',  a  county  of  Hungary,  in 
the  |E.,  bordering  on  Galicia,  Bukowina,  and  Transyl- 
vanii!  Area,  3993  square  miles.  Szigeth  is  the  capital. 
Pop.|:0,506. 

M^mcnor,  maR-mi-noR',  a  lagoon  of  Spain,  in  Mur- 
cia.  e'.cnding  N.  from  Cape  Palos  about  14  miles.  Great- 
est bivith,  about  6  miles.  It  is  separated  from  the  Medi- 
terrajm  by  a  sand-bank  about  500  yards  broad. 

Mtmirolo,  man-me-ro'lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  5  miles 
N.Wjf  Mantua.     Pop.  4002. 

MiI'miton,  a  small  river,  which  rises  in  Allen  co., 
Kans),  runs  eastward  through  Bourbon  co.,  passes  into 
Missc  i,  and  enters  the  Little  Osage  River  in  ^'ernon  co., 
about2  miles  N.  of  Nevada. 

Mtmiton,  or  Marmaton,  a  post- village  of  Bourbon 
•0.,  I  isas,  on  the  Marmiton  River,  in  a  township  of  the 
112 


same  name,  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Fort  Scott.  It  is  2  milea 
N.W.  of  Marmiton  Station  of  the  Missouri,  Kansas  A  Texas 
Railroad.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1071. 

Marmolejo,  or  Marmolexo,  maR-mo-l4'H0,  a  vil- 
lage of  Spain,  province  and  23  miles  N.W.  of  Jacn,  on  the 
Guadalquivir.     Pop.  3073. 

Mar^mont',  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  Ind.,  about 
34  miles  N.  of  Logansport. 

Marmora,  mar'm9-ra  (or  Marmara,  mar'ma-r;>). 
Ska  op  (anc.  Propon'tis),  is  situated  between  Europe  and 
Asia,  communicating  with  the  Grecian  Archipelago  by  the 
Strait  of  the  Dardanelles,  and  with  the  Black  Sea  by  the 
Bosporus,  Its  extreme  length  is  above  160  miles ;  its  great- 
est breadth,  nearly  50  miles.  This  sea  receives  its  appella- 
tion from  Marmora  (anc.  Proconiie'sut),  a  small  island  to- 
wards iU  western  extremity,  lat.  40°  36'  N.,  Ion.  27°  35' 
E.,  which  has  long  been  celebrated  for  its  marble-quarries, 
whence  it  is  supposed  to  derive  its  name,  marmor  (in  the 
plural  marmora)  being  the  Latin  word  for  "  marble." 

Mar'mora,  or  Mar'mara,  a  large  village  of  Asia 
Minor,  56  miles  E.N.E.  of  Smyrna. 

Marmora,  La,  Italy.    See  La  Maruora. 

Marmora,  an  island  of  Turkey.   See  Marmoba,  Sea  op. 

Mar'mora,  a  post-village  in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Crow  River,  32  miles  S.S.W.  of  Belleville.  It  contains 
gold-  and  iron-mines.  The  latter  are  considered  the  largdSt 
deposits  of  magnetic  iron  ore  in  the  province.  One  com- 
pany is  engaged  in  the  iron-mines,  and  4  mills  in  crushing 
quartz.  The  village  contains  3  hotels,  5  stores,  and  flour- 
and  saw-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  250. 

Marmore,  a  river  of  Bolivia.    See  Mamore. 

Marmorice,  a  town  of  Asia.    See  Marmaras. 

Mar'mot  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  of  the  Park 
Range,  in  lat.  38°  56'  30"  N.,  Ion.  106°  6'  30"  W,  Alti- 
tude, 11,600  feet. 

Marmoutier,  maR'moo'te-i'  (Qer.  Mauermiinster, 
mow'^r-miin'st^r;  L.  Mau'ri  Monatte'rtum),  a  town  of 
Germany,  in  Alsace,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Strasburg,  at  the 
foot  of  the  Vosges  Mountains.     Pop.  2103. 

Marmurio,  the  Latin  name  of  Mormoirox. 

Marne,  maRn  (anc.  Mai'rona),  a  river  of  France,  rises 
S.  of  Langres,  passes  Saint-Didier,  and  joins  the  Seine  on 
the  right  at  Charenton.  Chief  affluents  on  the  left,  the 
Petit  Morin  and  Grand  Morin ;  on  the  right,  the  Ornain  and 
Ourcq.     Length,  210  miles. 

Marne,  a  department  in  the  N.E.  part  of  France, 
formed  of  part  of  the  old  province  of  Champagne.  Area, 
3116  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1891, 434,692.  Chief  rivers,  the 
Marne  and  the  Seine.  A  great  part  of  the  department  is 
comprised  in  the  district  formerly  called  Champagne- Pouil- 
leuse.  Its  sandy  plains,  formerly  naked,  have  been  lately 
planted  with  pines.  Grain  is  raised  more  than  necessary 
for  consumption.  The  vine  forms  the  principal  produce 
of  the  department,  which  exports  much  champagne  wine; 
the  chief  minerals  are  millstones,  limestone,  and  marl 
{marne).  The  department  is  divided  into  the  arrondisse- 
ments  of  Chalons,  Epernay,  Reims,  Sainte-Menehould,  and 
Vitry-le-Franjais.     Capital,  Chilons-sur-Marne. 

Marne,  maR'n?h,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Holstein, 
South  Ditmarsh,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Elbe.     Pop.  2066. 

Marne,  the  Latin  name  of  Marle. 

3Iarnc,  mam,  a  post-village  of  Cass  oo.,  Iowa,  in 
Brighton  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacifio 
Railroad,  6i  miles  N.W.  of  Atlantic.  It  has  a  money- 
order  post-office,  a  hotel,  and  3  stores. 

Maro'a,  a  post-village  in  Maroa  township,  Macon  co., 
111.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  and  Illinois  Midland  Rail- 
roads, 13  miles  N.  of  Decatur,  and  31  miles  S.  of  Blooming- 
ton.  It  has  3  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  banks,  a 
graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  wind- 
mills.    Pop.  766 ;  of  the  township,  1824. 

Marocco,  or  Marochiam.    See  Morocco. 

Maroilles,  mi'rwil',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  54 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Lille.     Pop.  2022. 

Maroim,  mi-ro-eeK»',  written  also  Mornim,  a  town 
of  Brazil,  on  the  navigable  river  Cotinguiba,  20  miles  from 
the  sea,  and  15  miles  above  Aracajd.  It  is  the  seat  of  a 
large  trade,  and  the  residence  of  foreign  merchants  and 
consuls. 

Marolles  les  Braax,  m&^roll'  14  bro,  a  town  ot 
France,  in  Sarthe,  arrondissement  of  Mamers.     Pop.  947. 

Maro'mas,  a  station  in  Middlesex  co..  Conn.,  on  the 
Connecticut  Valley  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Middletown. 

Maromme,  mi^romm',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine- 
Inf6rieure,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Rouen,  on  the  railway  ta 
Dieppe.     It  has  a  cotton-factory.    Pop.  2457. 

Maroni,  a  river  of  South  America.    See  Marowtits. 


MAR 


1770 


MAR 


Mnronnc,  a  riror  of  France.    See  La  Maronkb. 
MaVoon'  MonntalOt  Colonuto,  a  peak  of  the  Elk 

Mountains,  in  lat.  3U»  4'  30"  N.,  Ion.  106*  69'  20"  W.  It« 
altitudo  is  I4,00:<  foot  above  the  soa-Ievel.  This  peak  is  so 
Bitmod  from  the  peculiar  color  of  the  sandstone  ot  which  it 
is  ootnposoil. 

Maroot,  m&^root',  a  fortified  town  of  India,  64  miles 
B.  of  Dhawlpoor.  It  is  a  mart  for  grain,  and  a  garrison 
Station. 

Mnrore,  m&-ro'r&,  a  village  of  Italy,  2  miles  S.E.  of 
Parma.     Pop.  of  communo,  4507. 

MnroSf  mOr*o»h',  or  Mnrosch,  mi'rosh*  (ano.  Mari- 
t««,  or  MnrinBut),  a  river  of  Tnvnsylvanin,  rises  near  the 
frontier  of  Moldavia,  flows  W.,  and  joins  the  Thciss  oppo- 
■ito  Ssogedin.  Length,  about  400  miles.  Affluents,  the 
Kokol  and  Strnhl. 

MaroS)  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Nagt  Maros. 

Maros,  m&'rOco,  or  Marnsn,  mJl-roo's&,  a  Dutch 
province  of  Celebes,  N.  of  Macassar.  It  is  traversed  by  a 
river  of  the  same  name,  has  great  mineral  wealth  and  fine 
scenery,  and  is  productive  of  rice.  Capital,  Maros,  a  con- 
siderable town.     Total  pop.  120,000. 

Maros,  ml'roce,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Corunna, 
80  miles  AV.  of  Santiago,  on  the  N.  side  of  a  bay  of  the  same 
name.  It  is  an  important  fishing  station,  and  contains  a 
eflstom-houso. 

Marostica,  m&-ro8'te-k&,  a  town  of  Italy,  15  miles 
N.E.  of  Viccnza.  Pop.  4074.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and 
has  manufactories  of  straw  bats. 

Maros- Torda,  m5h*ro8h'-toR'd5h\  a  county  in  the  E. 
of  Transylvania,  approaching  on  the  north  the  boundaries 
of  liukovina  and  Houmania.  Area,  1665  square  miles. 
Capital,  Maros-Vdsdrhely.     Pop.  165,267. 

Maros-iu-Var-Also,  m6hVosh'-oo'e-vin'-&rsho',  a 
town  of  Transylvania,  on  the  Maros,  26  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Karlsburg.     Pop.  2822. 

MaroS"  VdsArhely,  mShVosh'-vi^shiR'hSl'  (ano.i4grro- 
poltsf),  a  town  of  Transylvania,  capital  of  the  county  of 
Waros-Torda,  on  the  Maros,  54  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ilermann- 
Btadt.  It  is  fortified,  and  generally  well  built,  and  has  5 
churches,  a  gymnasium,  a  seminary,  a  college,  a  library  of 
60,000  volumes,  and  a  good  cabinet  of  minerals.  Not  far 
from  the  town  is  a  strong  castle,  in  which  a  garrison  is 
Stationed.     Pop.  12,678. 

Maroth-Aranyos,  m5h'rot'-5hV5n'yosh'  (Slavonic, 
Morcwcze  T),  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Bars,  13  miles  N.E. 
of  Neutra.     Pop.  1775. 

MarOAvyiie,mlVo-win'  or  m8,Vo-wi'n?h,  or  Maroni, 
mi-ro-nee',  a  river  of  South  America,  forms  the  limit  be- 
tween Dutch  and  French  Guiana.     Length,  400  miles. 

Marpach,  a  town  of  Switzerland.     See  Marbacu.       ^ 

Mar  Pacilico,  the  Spanish  for  Pacific  Ocean. 

Marpie,  mar'p'l,  a  post-township  of  Delaware  co.,  Pa., 
about  10  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  858. 

Marple's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Upshur  co.,  W.  Va. 

Marpod,  maR^pod',  or  Mariapod,  mJ.-rec'i-pod\  a 
village  of  Transylvania,  E.  of  Hermannstadt.    Pop.  1120. 

Marquain,  maR^kiN»',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  IIi:i- 
naut,  29  miles  N.W.  of  Mons,     Pop.  1200. 

Mar^quand',  a  post-village  of  Madison  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  118 
miles  S.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  2  churches,  4  stores,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  250. 

Marquesas,  raaR-ki's4s  (or  Mendatia,  mfin-din'yi). 
Islands  (Fr.  Le»  Marqmee^,  li  maR'keez'),  a  group  in 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  between  lat.  8°  and  11°  S.  and  about 
Ion.  140°  W.,  comprising  13  islands,  the  principal  being 
Nookaheeva,  70  miles  in  circuit.  The  coasts  are  generally 
inaccessible,  rising  from  the  water  like  walls.  The  surface 
is  mountainous,  but  in  the  interior  the  soil  is  fertile,  pro- 
ducing pulse,  cocoa-nuts,  yams,  bamboos,  wild  cotton,  and 
sugar-cane.  The  inhabitants  exchange  live-stock  and  vege- 
tables in  return  for  European  goods.  Resolution  Bay,  in 
Tahnata,  and  Port  Jarvis,  in  Roapoa,  are  the  best  harbors 
in  these  islands.  The  Marquesas  were  discovered  in  1595 
by  Alonzo  MendaHa  de  Neyva.  They  were  subsequently 
visited  and  described  by  Cook  and  the  Forsters  in  1774, 
when  Hood's  Island  was  added  to  the  group.  In  1791 
Chree  more  wore  discovered  by  Captain  Ingraham,  an 
American  navigator,  and  were  named  Washington  Islands. 
In  1842  the  Marquesas  acknowledged  the  sovereignty  of 
France.     Pop.  6011. 

Marquette,  mdR^kSt',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Nord,  3  miles  from  Lille.  It  has  manufactures  of  chem- 
icals, sugar,  and  gin.     Pop.  2926. 

Marquette,  mar-kef,  a  largo  county  of  Michigan,  is  a 


part  of  the  npper  peninsula.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E 
by  Lake  Superior,  and  is  drained  by  the  Escannba  am 
Michigaming  Rivers,  with  many  lesser  streams.  The  aur 
face  is  uneven,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  ol 
pine,  <feo.  This  county  has  iron-mines  the  j)ro(luot  of  whicl 
for  a  single  year  has  reached  1,921,525  tons,  und  the  tot« 
product  from  the  opening  of  the  mines  to  the  present  tiiui 
has  been  greater  probably  than  that  of  any  other  couiiti 
of  the  United  States.  Among  the  other  niinurnli  of  ihii 
county  are  granite  and  limestone.  It  is  traversed  by  tin 
Duluth,  South  Shore  k  Atlantic  Unilroad  and  the  Per... 
sula  division  of  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Hui: 
It  has  nn  area  of  2399  square  miles.  Capital,  Marui, 
Pop.  in  1870,  15,033;  in  1880,  25,394;  in  1890,  39,521. 

Marquette,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Wiicon 
sin,  has  an  area  of  about  481  square  miles.  It  ia  inter 
seoted  by  Fox  River,  which  here  expands  into  a  long  Iska 
and  is  also  drained  by  the  Mecan  and  Montollo  Riven 
Pacawa  Lake  touches  the  eastern  border  of  the  oountr 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively  covered  witi 
forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  cran 
berries,  oats,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products.  Snndttun 
underlies  part  of  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  th 
Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  a  branch  of  which  connect 
with  Montello,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  8066;  ia  187i 
8697;  in  1880,  8908;  in  1890,  9676. 

Marquette,  a  post-village  of  McPhorson  co.,  Kansu 
on  Smoky  Hill  River,  about  26  miles  S.W.  of  SHlino.  I 
has  water-power,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  several  storw 

Marquette,  a  city  and  summer  resort,  capital  of  Mai 
quctte  CO.,  Mich.,  is  situated  in  a  township  of  the  tarn 
name,  on  the  S.  shore  of  Lake  Superior,  about  500  mile 
by  water  from  Detroit,  and  430  miles  by  railroad  N.  o 
Chicago.  It  is  the  E.  terminus  of  the  Marquette,  Uoiigfa 
ton  &  Ontonagon  Railroad,  and  is  about  95  miles  S.E.  a 
Houghton.  It  has  a  good  harbor  and  several  very  Ion 
piers  extending  into  the  lake.  It  contains  an  opora-bouii 
3  public  halls,  a  national  bank,  2  other  banks,  6  churches, 
newspaper  office,  a  convent,  gas-works,  several  machine 
shops  and  saw-mills,  a  rolling-mill,  foundries,  3  iron-blati 
furnaces,  and  a  quarry  of  roofing-slate.  It  is  the  seat  of 
Roman  Catholic  bishop.  Great  quantities  of  iron  ore  »r 
mined  in  Marquette  co.,  nearly  1,000,000  tons  being  niau 
times  exported  from  this  place  in  a  year.  Pop.  in  lS8i 
4690;  in  1890,  9093;  of  the  township,  additional,  268. 

Marquette,  a  post-village  of  Green  Lake  co..  Wis.,  i 
Marquette  township,  on  the  S.  shore  of  Pacawa  Lake  (a 
expansion  of  Fox  River),  about  22  miles  N.E.  of  Portaj 
City.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1058. 

Marquette  River,  Michigan,  rises  in  Newaygo  co 
runs  northwestward  through  Lake  co.  and  westward  throug 
Mason  co.,  and  enters  Lake  Michigan  at  Ludington.  It 
nearly  75  miles  long. 

Mar'quez,  or  Mar'quis,  a  post-village  of  Leon  «o 
Tex.,  on  the  International  A  Great  Northern  Railroad,  •. 
miles  N.E.  of  Hearne.   It  has  3  churches  and  a  high  scboo 

Marquina,  maR-kee'ni,  a  small  town  of  Spain,  1 
miles  E.  of  Bilbao.     Pop.  562. 

Marquise,  maR^keez',  a  village  of  France,  in  Pa«-di 
Calais,  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Boulogne.  It  has  a  marbl' 
quarry,  tanneries,  forges,  and  foundries.     Pop.  3923. 

Marr,  Medina  co.,  0.    See  Chippewa  Lake. 

Marr,  Luzerne  co..  Pa.    See  Pleasant  Valley. 

Marraboo,  Marrabou,  or  Marrabu,  mar-ri-boc 
a  walled  town  of  Africa,  state  of  Bambarra,  on  the  Nige; 
120  miles  W.S.W.  of  Sego. 

Marradi,  maR-ui'dce,  a  village  of  Italy,  28  miles  N. 
of  Florence.     Pop.  8226. 

Marrali,  mar'ri,  a  town  of  Syria,  28  miles  N.N.E.  < 
Damascus,  with  some  good  edifices,  now  in  decay. 

Marrah,  a  town  of  Syria,  43  miles  S.E.  of  Aleppo. 

Mar'riott's  Cove,  a  post-hamlet  in  Lunenburg  ci 
Nova  Scotia,  15  miles  from  Lunenburg.     Pop.  250. 

Mar'riottsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Howard  co.,  Md.,  <| 
the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  27  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ball' 
more.     It  has  a  paper-mill. 

Mar  Kojo,  or  Mar  Rosso.    See  Red  Sea. 

Mar'ron,  a  post-office  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.,  about 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Altoona.  i 

Mar'rowbone,  a  township  of  Moultrie  co..  III.  W| 
1127.     It  contains  Bethany.  ' 

Marrowbone,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.,  h. 
30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Glasgow.     It  has  a  church. 

Marr's,  a  township  of  Posey  co.,  Ind,,  on  the  01 
River.     Pop.  2029. 

Marr's  Liand'ing,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co.,  Tenn., 
the  Mississippi  River,  35  miles  below  Hickman,  Ky. 


MAR 


1771 


MAR 


larrubio,  maR-Roo'be-o,  a  village  on  the  island  of 
gfdinia,  near  the  largo  lagoon  of  Sassa.     Pop.  1279. 

larrueco  and  Marruecos,  Africa.    See  Morocco. 

Jarrura,  min'Rum,  or  Merrum,  mfiR'uum,  a  village 
O^he  Netherlands,  Friesland,  9  miles  N.  of  Leeuwarden. 

Ears,  marz,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
lltsburg,  New  Castle  &  Lake  Erie  Kailroad,  at  Overbrook 
Ertion,  20  miles  N.  of  Pittsburg. 

fflarsac«  mau^sik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy-do-Dflme, 
Stailes  S.E.  of  Clermont-Ferrand.     Pop.  552. 

narsaglia^  maB-sil'yi,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Cji,  E.N.E.  of  Mondovi.     Pop.  952. 

uarsala^  maB-si'li  (anc.  Lili/bse'um),  a  fortified  sea- 
pit  city  of  Sicily,  on  its  W.  coast,  20  miles  by  rail  S.S.W. 
oTrapani.  It  is  enclosed  by  bastioned  walls,  and  has  a 
cpcdral,  several  convents  and  abbeys,  a  gymnasium,  large 
c;Iilry  barracks,  an  old  castle,  and  a  curious  vibrating 
bi-tower.  Its  ancient  port  was  filled  up  in  1580  by  Don 
Jin  of  Austria  to  prevent  its  becoming  useful  to  corsairs ; 
it^as  an  artificial  port.  The  principal  importance  of  Mar- 
s:],  is  due  to  its  wine-trade.  The  district  is  estimated  to 
yid  annually  about  30,000  pipes  of  wine,  of  which  two- 
tlfds  are  exported.  Marsala  also  exports  corn,  cattle,  oil, 
s:,  and  soda.  Marsala,  under  the  name  of  Lilyboeum, 
w  the  chief  fortress  of  the  Carthaginians  in  Sicily,  and 
fi  res  much  in  history.     Pop.  34,202. 

larsan,  Le,  France.     See  Le  Marsan. 

larsberg,  maRs'bdRO,  Oder,  o'b§r,  and  NiEnER,  nee'- 
dljtho  latter  is  called  also  Stadtberge,  stit'bfiRG-§h), 
u\  contiguous  towns  of  Prussian  Westphalia,  33  miles  E. 
clkrnsberg.     United  pop.  4166. 

lars  Bluff,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Marion  co., 
si,  on  the  AVilmington,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  87 
mas  E.N.E.  of  Columbia. 

larscheudorf,  maR'shen-doRf  (Bohemian,  Maressow, 
m  rfis-sov'),  a  village  of  Bohemia,  33  miles  N.  of  Konig- 
gilz,  in  a  valley  on  the  Aupa.     Pop.  1400. 

larsciano,  maR-shi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Umbria, 
l4>iles  S.W.  of  Perugia.     Pop.  of  commune,  10,610. 

lars'den,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  7  miles  by 
rahV.S.W.  of  Huddersfield.     Pop.  of  township,  2811, 

lars'den,  a  post-office  of  Bladen  co.,  N.C. 

lars-Diep,  maRS-de-dp',  a  strait  in  the  Netherlands, 
seirating  the  island  of  Texel  from  the  mainland,  2  miles 
nass,  and  the  principal  entrance  from  the  W.  into  the 
Zider  Zee.     The  town  of  Holder  is  on  its  6.  shore. 

tarseillan,  maR'si^y6No',  a  town  of  France,  in  H6- 
rat,  18  miles  E.  of  Bc/.iers,  on  the  Etang  do  Thau.  Near 
it  e  salt-pans.     Pop.  3885. 

arseilles,  mar-silz'  (Fr.  Marseille,  maR^sil'  or  man^- 
gijh  ;  It.  Massirjlia,  mis-seel'yi  ;  Sp.  Marsella,  min-sfil'- 
yih.  Maasil'ia  ;  Gr.  Mao-o-oAi'a,  Maasalia),  a  city  of  France, 
ea  tal  of  the  department  of  Bouches-du-Rhone,  and  the  most 
iii»rtant  seaport  of  the  republic,  is  situated  at  the  head  of  a 
fii^y-sheltered  bay  on  the  N.E.  side  of  the  Gulf  Qf  Lyons, 
20|iQiles  S.E.  of  Lyons,  and  535  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Paris. 
Le  43°  17'  48"  N. ;  Ion.  5°  22'  15"  E.  The  city  is  built  on 
thicclivityand  at  the  foot  of  a  hill,  around  which  a  semi- 
ciiilarchain  of  loftier  hills  rises  at  a  short  distance,  leaving 
th  riew  open  to  the  sea.  It  is  divided  into  the  old  town 
on  he  W.  and  the  new  town  on  the  E.  The  site  of  the 
foi  er  is  very  uneven ;  the  streets  are  narrow  and  irregu- 
laund  the  houses  which  line  them  are  of  great  height. 
Thnew  town,  on  the  opposite  side,  is  traversed  from  N.  to 
S.r  along  and  splendid  thoroughfare,  beginning  at  the 
Aigate  and  terminating  at  the  Place  Castellane.  Almost 
allie  other  streets  are  spacious,  and  lined  with  handsome 
hoes.  Between  the  old  and  new  towns  is  a  street,  or 
pri^enade,  called  the  Grand  Cours,  planted  with  a  double 
ro'  of  trees,  adorned  with  fine  fountains,  and  bordered 
wi  many  elegant  mansions.  The  public  edifices  most 
dci'ving  of  notice  are  the  cathedral,  the  episcopal  palace, 
th'  arge  Gothic  church  of  St.  Michel,  the  palais  de  justice, 
th(|hurch  of  St.  Victor,  of  great  antiquity,  and  originally 
coi  sting  of  a  grotto,  or  cavern,  in  which  the  first  Chris- 
tia  were  accustomed  to  meet  in  secret  for  worship ;  the 
lof  belfry,  all  that  the  revolution  of  1793  has  allowed  to 
reiiin  of  the  once  beautiful  Gothic  church  of  the  Accoules ; 
th( church  of  Chartreux;  the  hotel  de  ville,  a  heavy 
buiing;  the  prefecture,  a  large  edifice,  surrounded  by  a 
we  laid-out  garden ;  the  museum,  observatory,  library, 
thi.res,  the  triumphal  arch,  and  the  spacious  and  well- 
coiTucted  quays,  with  their  commodious  warehouses. 
The  is  a  beautiful  fountain  in  the  Place  Royale,  and  there 
anbany  others  in  difi"erent  parts  of  the  town.  The  supply 
of  iiter  derived  from  these  has  been  increased  by  the  con- 
ttrition  of  an  aqueduct  connecting  with  the  Durance. 


Marseilles  is  the  see  of  a  bishop,  and  possesses  a  court 
of  first  jurisdiction,  a  court  and  chamber  of  commerce,  an 
exchange,  a  naval  observatory,  a  maritime  syndicate,  a  mint, 
an  academy  of  sciences,  belles-lettres,  and  arts,  an  athen- 
aeum, a  medical  society,  a  society  of  pharmacy,  a  statistical 
society,  a  first-class  school  of  hydrography,  a  college  with 
a  library  of  45,000  volumes,  a  secondary  school  of  medi- 
cine, a  special  school  of  design,  a  special  school  of  industry 
and  commerce,  a  special  school  of  music,  a  diocesan  semi- 
nary, a  deaf  and  dumb  institute,  a  cabinet  of  history,  a 
public  library  of  75,000  volumes,  a  museum  of  paintings 
and  antiquities,  with  perhaps  the  largest  collection  in 
France  after  those  of  Paris,  and  a  botanic  garden,  one  of 
the  finest  in  France.  It  has  also  numerous  benevolent 
institutions,  and  its  lazaretto  is  the  largest  in  the  world. 

The  manufactures  of  Marseilles  are  various  and  exten- 
sive. The  principal  articles  produced  are  soap,  soda,  and 
other  chemical  products,  bonnets,  shoes,  perfumery,  to- 
bacco, olive  oil,  and  liquors ;  besides  which  there  are  tan- 
neries, and  sugar-,  sulphur-,  and  salt-refineries. 

The  harbor  is  one  of  the  finest  in  France.  It  is  perfectly 
secure  in  all  weathers,  and  possesses  anchorage  for  1200 
vessels  in  from  18  to  24  feet  of  water.  It  is  strongly  da- 
fended  by  two  forts,  viz.,  the  Tower  of  St.  John,  on  the  N., 
and  the  fort  of  St.  Nicholas,  on  the  S.  Near  this  fort  a 
wet-dock,  called  Port  de  la  Joliette,  measuring  500  yards 
by  400,  has  recently  been  formed.  AVith-  respect  to  the 
amount  of  tonnage  owned,  Marseilles  holds  the  first  rank 
in  the  republic.  Its  foreign  commerce  exceeds  that  of 
every  other  port  in  France,  and  its  coast-trade  is  very 
great.  Its  commerce  in  the  wines  and  fruits  of  the  south, 
in  cork  and  anchovies,  has  flourished  for  24  centuries,  and 
extends  to  all  parts  of  the  world.  The  other  chief  articles 
of  export  are  tissues  of  silk,  cotton,  and  wool. 

Marseilles  is  the  great  point  of  debarkation  of  passengers 
for  the  various  ports  on  the  Mediterranean  and  the  East, 
a  great  centre  of  steam  navigation,  and  the  terminus  of 
important  railways. 

Founded  by  the  Phoenicians  about  600  B.C.,  Marseilles 
served  as  a  refuge  for  them  from  the  vengeance  of  Cyrus. 
Its  progress  for  centuries  was  rapid,  and  almost  without 
interruption.  It  soon  became  the  entrepot  for  all  the  sur- 
rounding countries,  founded  many  colonies,  was  celebrated 
for  the  cultivation  of  letters  and  arts,  preserved  for  a  time 
its  liberty  under  the  Romans,  and  often  acted  as  an  independ- 
ent republic.  Having  taken  the  part  of  Pompey  in  the  great 
contest  for  supremacy  between  him  and  Caesar,  it  was  be- 
sieged by  the  latter,  and,  being  taken,  was  deprived  of  all 
its  peculiar  privileges.  On  the  decline  of  the  Roman  Em- 
pire it  became  a  prey  to  the  Goths,  Burgundians,  and 
Franks.  In  735  it  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  Saracens,  who 
destroyed  all  the  ancient  monuments  which  previous  bar- 
barians had  spared.  In  the  tenth  century  it  fell  under  the 
dominion  of  the  Counts  of  Provence,  and  it  continued  for 
some  centuries  after  to  follow  the  fortunes  of  that  house. 
Louis  XI.  united  it  to  the  crown  of  France  in  1481.  It 
suffered  severe  ravages  from  the  plague  in  1720.  It  was 
the  birthplace  of  the  astronomer  Pytheas,  the  preacher 
Mascaron,  and  the  sculptor  Puget.     Pop.  in  1862,  260,910  ; 

in  1881,  269,340,:   In  1891,  403,749. Adj.  and  inhab. 

Marseillais,  or  Marseillois,  maR^sdryi'  or  maR^si^yi'; 
feminine,  Marseillaise,  maR*sd.ryAz' ;  and  Massilian, 
mas-sil'e-an,  when  the  ancient  town  is  referred  to. 

Marseilles,  mar-sdlz',  a  post-village  in  Manlius  town- 
ship. La  Salle  co.,  111.,  on  the  Illinois  River,  and  on  the  Chi- 
cago, Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  76  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Chicago,  and  8  miles  E.  of  Ottawa.  It  contains  5  churches, 
a  seminary,  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  2  flouring- 
mills,  3  paper-mills,  and  manufactures  of  cutlery  and 
farming-implements.  The  rapids  of  the  river  here  afford 
extensive  water-power,  which  has  been  improved  by  a  dam 
930  feet  long.     Pop.  in  1880,  1882;  in  1890,  2210. 

Marseilles,  a  post-village  in  Marseilles  township, 
AVyandot  co.,  0.,  on  Tymochtee  Creek,  11  miles  S.W.  of 
Upper  Sandusky,  and  14  miles  N.E.  of  Kenton.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  union  school,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  steam  saw- 
mill.   Pop.  251  ;  of  the  township,  603. 

Marsh,  a  township  of  Surry  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  619. 

Marsh,  a  post-office  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  about  20  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Reading. 

Mar'shall,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Alabama,  has 
an  area  of  about  680  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Tennessee  River,  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  Paint  Rock 
River,  and  partly  drained  by  the  Locust  Fork  of  Black 
Warrior  River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it 
is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian 
c»rn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.    Capital,  Gunterg- 


MAR 


1772 


MAR 


Tille.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Louisville  k  Nash- 
ville Railroad.  Top.  in  1870,  9871;  in  ISSO,  14,585;  in 
1890,  18,935. 

Mnrshallf  a  oount.v  in  the  K.  oentral  part  of  Illinois, 
hu  an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Illinois  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Sandy  Creek. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile. A  large  part  of  it  is  prairie.  Indian  corn,  oats, 
ivheat,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Mines  of 
bituminous  coal  nave  been  opened  in  this  county.  It  is 
interiieotcd  by  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Paciflc  Railroad 
(Tcoria  Branch)  and  the  Chicago  k  Alton  Railroad. 
Capital,  Laoon.  Top.  in  1870,  16,966;  in  1880,  16,055: 
in  1890,  13,663. 

Marshall,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Indiana,  has  an 
area  of  about  441  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Tip- 
pecanoe and  Yellow  Rivers.  The  surface  is  nearly  level, 
and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  forests  of  the  sugar- 
maple,  oak,  walnut,  ka.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  In- 
dian corn,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  A  Chi- 
cago Railroad,  the  Baltimore  <t  Ohio  Railroad,  the  Lake 
Erie  <!;  Western  Railroad,  and  other  railroads.  Capital, 
Plymouth.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,211 ;  in  1880,  23,414  j  in  1890, 
23,818. 

jtfarshall,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Iowa,  has  an 
area  of  570  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Iowa 
Kivcr,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  North  Skunk  River  and 
Timber  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  is 
very  fertile.  The  greater  portion  of  this  county  is  prairie. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  onts,  hay,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the 
Staple  products.  Among  the  forest  trees  are  the  oak,  ash, 
and  blnok  walnut.  This  county  has  beds  of  limestone  and 
coal.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Iowa  Central  Railroad  and 
the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad.  Capital,  Marshall- 
town.  Pop.  ift  1870,  17,576;  in  1875,  19,629;  in  1880, 
23,752;  in  1890,  25,842. 

Marshall,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kansas,  border- 
ing on  Nebraska,  hns  an  area  of  900  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Big  Blue  River,  and  is  also  drained  by 
Little  Blue  River  and  Vermilion  Creek.  The  surface  is 
undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  groves,  the 
former  of  which  are  more  extensive  than  the  latter.  The 
soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  hoy,  oats,  and  cat- 
tle are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  minerals  are  good 
magnesinn  limestone  and  gypsum.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad  and  the  Missouri  Pa- 
cific Railroad.  Capital,  Marysville.  Pop.  in  1870,  6901 ; 
in  1S75,  10,822;  in  1880,  16,136;  in  1890,  23,912. 

Marshall,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Kentucky,  has 
an  area  of  about  330  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.  and  E.  by  the  Tennessee  River,  and  is  intersected  by 
Clark's  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  a  large 
part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  tobacco,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Newport  News  <t 
Mississippi  Valley  Railroad.  Capital,  Benton.  Pop.  in 
1870,  9455;  in  1880,  9647;  in  1890,  11,287. 

Marshall,  one  of  the  most  N.W.  counties  of  Minne- 
sota, has  an  area  of  1810  square  miles.  The  Red  River  of 
the  North  forms  its  W.  boundary.  It  is  intersected  by 
Snake  River,  Middle  River,  and  Thief  River.  The  Great 
Northern  Railroad  traverses  this  county  in  its  W.  part 
from  N.  to  S.,  connecting  with  Warren,  the  capital.  Pop. 
in  1880,  992;  in  1890,  9130. 

Marshall,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Mississippi,  bor- 
dering on  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of  about  720  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Tallahatchee  River,  and  also 
drained  by  the  Coldwater  River  and  Tippah  Creek.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  the 
beech,  hickory,  elm,  white  oak,  magnolia,  and  other  trees. 
The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad.  Capital,  Holly  Springs. 
Pop.  in  1870,  29,416;  in  1880,  29,330;  in  1890,  20,043. 

Mar!<hall,  a  county  of  South  Dakota.  Area, 'JUO  square 
miles.     Capital,  Britton.     Pop.  in  1890,  4544. 

Marshall,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee,  has  an  area 
of  about  350  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Duck  River. 
The  surface  is  moderately  hilly,  and  nearly  one-third  of  it 
is  covered  with  forests  of  cedar,  oak,  ash,  beech,  hickory, 
walnut,  Aid.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  cotton,  wheat, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Here  are  quarries  of  good 
limestone.  Capital,  Lewisburg.  Pop.  in  1870,  16,207 ;  in 
1880,  19,259;  in  1890,  18,906. 

Marshall,  a  northern  county  of  West  Virginia,  borders 
on  Pennsylvania.     Area,  about  248  square  miles.     It  is 


bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  is  drained  h 
Grave  and  Warrior  Creeks.    The  surface  is  undulatine  an! 
extensively  covered  with  forests.    The  soil  is  fertile.    In 
dian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  pro'l 
Bituminous  coal  is  found  here.     This  county  is  irltcr^. 
by  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  and  Ohio  River  Railroiids     ( 
tal,  Moundsville.     Pop.  in  1870,14,941;  in  1880.18  840 
in  1890,  20,735.  '     '    " 

Marshal!,  a  post-haralet  of  Marshall  co.,  Ala..  IS  miu 
S.E.  of  Guntersville.  '         *' 

Marshall,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Searoy  co.  Ark 
about  95  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Little  Rock.    It  has  3  churchct 

Marshall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marin  co.,  Cal.,  on  Tonnl,i 
Bay,  and  on  the  North  Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  48  inil« 
N.W.  of  San  Francisco.     Produce  is  shipped  here. 

Marshall,  a  post-village  of  Boulder  co.,  Col.,  on  tbt 
Golden,  Boulder  A  Caribou  Railroad,  22  miles  N.W.  ol 
Denver.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Marshall,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Clark  00.,  III.,  it 
Marshall  township,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  A  Tern 
Haute  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Paris  A  Danville  Rjiil 
road,  17  miles  W.S.W.  of  Torre  Haute,  and  about  15  nllei 
S.  of  Paris.  It  has  a  bank,  5  churches,  3  newspaper  offiien 
a  graded  school,  grist-  and  feed-mills,  and  saw-  ami  planin' 
mills.  It  is  in  a  great  farming  district.  Pop.  in  1890,  lilOO 
of  the  township,  2931. 

Marshall,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  8.10, 

Marshall,  a  post-office  of  Parke  co.,  lud.,  on  tbe  In- 
dianapolis, Decatur  A  Springfield  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of 
Rockville. 

Marshall,  a  post-village  of  Ilonry  co.,  Iowa,  44  milw 
W.N.W.  of  Burlington,  and  12  miles  S.  of  Washington, 
It  has  a  church. 

Marshall,  a  township  of  Louisa  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  731. 

Marshall,  a  township  of  Marshall  co.,  Iowa.  Voy 
475,  exclusive  of  Marshalltown. 

Marshall,  a  township  of  Taylor  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  435. 

Marshall,  a  post-ofiice  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas. 

Marshall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bath  co.,  Ky.,  20  milet 
E.N.E.  of  Mount  Sterling.    It  has  a  church. 

Marshall,  a  station  in  Mason  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Mayr 
villo  A  Lexington  Railroad,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Maysrille. 

Marshall,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Calhoun  co.,  Miob.,  ir 
Marshall  township,  on  the  Kalamazoo  River,  and  on  tli« 
Michigan  Central  Railroad,  108  miles  W.  of  Detroit,  36 
miles  E.  of  Kalamazoo,  and  32  miles  W.  of  Jackson.  It 
contains  a  new  court-house,  about  10  churches,  a  bigl 
school,  a  fine  union  school-building  which  cost  $60,000,  i 
national  banks,  a  paper-mill,  2  msichine-shops,  4  or  5  tlour- 
ing-mills,  2  planing-mills,  2  newspaper  ofiices,  and  manu- 
factures of  hoes  and  pumps.  Here  are  large  workshopt  of 
the  railroad  company.  Marshall  was  incorporated  in  1369 
Pop.  in  1890,  3938;  of  the  township,  additional,  873. 

Marshall,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lyon  co.,  Minn, 
on  the  Redwood  River,  and  on  the  Winona  A  St.  I'etei 
Railroad!  108  miles  W.  of  St.  Peter.  It  has  a  newspapei 
office,  2  hotels,  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  and  \'i 
stores.     Pop.  in  1890,  1203, 

Marshall,  a  township  of  Mower  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  603 

Marshall,  a  township  of  Platte  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  1623 
It  contains  latan. 

Marshall,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Saline  co.,  Mo.,  if 
Marshall  township,  near  the  Salt  Fork  of  Black  River, am 
on  the  Chicago  A  Alton  Railroad,  T9  miles  W.  of  Meiicoj 
and  85  miles  E.  of  Kansas  City.  It  has  3  bankis  tbi| 
Marshall  Seminary,  2  newspaper  offices,  8  or  9  churches 
and  manufactures  of  carriages.  Here  are  remarkable  sal 
springs.     Pop.  in  1890,  4207  ;  of  the  township,  7876. 

Marshall,  or  Haii'over,  a  post-hamlet  in  Maribal 
township,  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  2  miles  from  Waterville.  I' 
has  a  church.     Here  is  Marshall  Post-Office. 

Marshall,  a  post-township  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y., abon 
10  miles  S.AV.  of  Utic.i,  is  intersected  by  tbe  Utica  Brand 
of  the  Oswego  Midland  Railroad.  It  contains  part  irfj 
Waterville.     Pop.  2220.  j 

Marshall,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Madison  co.,  K.U 
on  the  French  Broad  River,  in  Marshall  township,  about  2-| 
miles  N.N.AV.  of  Ashcville.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  olwi 
township,  1502.  , 

Marshall,  a  post-village  in  Marshall  township,  uigDi 

nd  CO.,  0.,  about  32  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Chillicothe.    It  a*. 


land  I 


05! 


3  churches.     Pop.  112;  of  the  township,  821 

Marshall,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  1 
Marshall,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Tcnn. 
Marshall,  a  post-town  or  city,  capital  of  Harrison  co. 
Tex.,  on  the  Texas  A  Pacific   Railroad,  at  the  janctioi 
of  the  Shreveport  Branch,  40  miles  AV.  of  Sbreveport,  - 


MAR 


1773 


MAR 


Dies  E.  of  Longview,  and  16  miles  S.  of  Jefferson.  It  con- 
tils  a  court-house.  6  churches,  2  newspaper  oiBccs,  a  bank- 
iXhouse,  a  female  college,  and  the  Wiley  University 
(khodist  Episcopal).  Here  are  the  machine-shops  and 
hldquarters  of  the  railroad^  also  a  foundry  and  a  sash- 
fi  ory.     Pop.  in  1880,  562-1 ;  in  ISDO,  7207. 

plarshall,  a  post-village  of  Dane  co.,  AVis.,  in  Medina 
tcpship,  on  Waterloo  Creek,  and  on  the  railroad  which  con- 
nls  Madison  with  Watertown,  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mad- 
ifi.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
Cifiage-shop. 

larshall,  a  township  of  Richland  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  903. 

larshall  Hall,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort  of 
Cirles  CO.,  Md.,  on  the  Potomac  River,  16  miles  S.  of  Wash- 
iiton,  D.C. 

larshall  Islands,  a  group  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  in 
Jljronesia,  comprising  the  Radack  and  Ralick  chains. 
l17°30'N.;  Ion.  173°  30'  E. 

larshall  Isle,  an  island  of  Hancock  co..  Me.,  between 
Mnt  Desert  Island  and  Isle  au  llaut.     Pop.  5. 

larshall  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-hamlet  of  N'ewton 
ccJArk. 

Marshall's,  or  Marshall's  Corner,  a  hamlet  in 
Ilfewell  township,  Mercer  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Mercer  & 
S(ferset  Railroad,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Hopewell, 

Marshall's  Cove,  or  Port  Williams,  a  post-vil- 
laf  in  Annapolis  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Bay  of  Fundy, 
IJpiles  from  Bridgetown.     Pop.  250. 

Marshall's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co..  Pa,, 
5  pies  N.E.  of  Stroudsburg.     It  has  2  churches, 

jiarshail's  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  White  co.,  111.,  on 
tb  Wabash  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis  &  Southeastern 
Iljroad,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Carmi. 

iarshall's  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Grainger  co.,  Tenn., 
oribo  Ilolston  River,  5  miles  N,  of  Morristown, 

Marshall's  Point,  E,  of  the  entrance  of  Herring 
G\  Lincoln  co..  Me,  On  it  is  a  fixed  light,  30  feet  above 
tMevel  of  the  sea.     Lat.  43°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  69°  9'  30"  W. 

Marshall's  Town,  a  post-village  in  Digby  co..  Nova 
Sc^a,  4  miles  from  Digby.     Pop.  300. 

Ear'shallsville,  a  post-village  of  Macon  co.,  Ga.,  on 
th southwestern  Railroad,  36  miles  S.S.W.  of  Macon,  and 
abjit  3  miles  E.  of  the  Flint  River.  It  has  an  academy 
ari2  churches.    Pop.  in  1890,  1086. 

larshall ^ville  (formerly  Bristol),  a  post-village  in 
Bft;hman  an>l  Chippewa  townships,  Wayne  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Cljeland,  Mount  Vernon  &  Columbus  Railroad,  59  miles 
S.f  Cleveland,  and  16  miles  N.E.  of  AVooster.  It  has  4 
chJches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  carriage-factory.     P.  322.' 

lar'shallton,  a  post-village  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del., 
nej  Kiamensi  Station  on  the  Wilmington  <fc  Western  Rail- 
ro4  6  miles  N.  of  Wilmington.  It  has  a  church,  a  roU- 
inimill,  and  1  or  2  flour-mills  on  Red  Clay  Creek. 

arshallton,  a  post-village  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  in 
Wt  Bradford  township,  4  miles  AV.  of  AVest  Chester.  It 
ha|2  churches,  a  tannery,  <fcc.     Pop.  about  300, 

ar'shalltown,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Marshall  co,, 
loL,  is  situated  on  high  ground,  i  mile  S.  of  the  Iowa 
Ri|r,  and  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  Iowa  where  it  crosses 
thChicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  about  50  miles  N.E. 
of  es  Moines,  69  miles  AV.  of  Cedar  Rapids,  27  miles  S. 
by!,  of  Eldora,  and  57  miles  N.  by  AA''.  of  Oskaloosa.  Its 
sitttommands  an  extensive  view  of  undulating  prairies 
anithe  broad  valley  of  the  Iowa  River.  It  contains  8 
ch|ehes,a  high  school,  2  national  banks,  4  grain-elevators, 
priing-offices  which  issue  1  daily  and  4  weekly  news- 
pa  rs,  3  flouring-mills,  2  iron-foundries,  an  oil-mill,  a  soap- 
facjry,  andmachine-shops  of  the  Central  Railroad,  It  has 
se'j-al  buildings  faced  with  marble  quarried  in  Marshall  co. 
Pel  in  1880,  6240;  in  1890,  8914, 

ar'shallville,  a  hamlet  of  Cape  May  co.,  N.J.,  on 
Tutahoe  River,  4  miles  N.  of  AVoodbine  Station.  It  has 
a  (farch,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

iar'shan,  a  township  of  Dakota  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  653. 
arsh  Basin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Owyhee  co.,  Idaho,  55 
mife  N.AV.  of  Kelton,  Utah,  and  40  miles  S.  of  the  Great 
Bhihone  Falls. 

arsh  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Adams  co.,  runs 
80i|iward,  and  enters  the  Monocacy  River  in  Maryland. 
jarsh  Creek,  a  post-office  of  AVhitley  co.,  Ky. 

jarsh'field,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Gloucester,  13 
mil  E.  of  Bristol.  The  town,  consisting  of  one  street, 
nelly  1  mile  in  length,  has  a  considerable  trade  in  malt. 
Pojof  parish,  1780. 

arsh'field,  a  station  in  Scott  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Jeffer- 
«oi  lUe,  Madison  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of 
Boaburg.  *^  ' 


Marshfleld,  a  post-village  of  AVarren  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Steuben  township,  on  the  Toledo,  AVabash  &  AA''estern  Rail- 
road, 13  miles  N.E.  of  Danville,  111.     It  has  3  churches. 

Marshfield,  a  township  of  AVashington  co..  Me.,  con- 
tiguous to  Machias,  on  the  N.  of  the  latter.     Pop.  350. 

Marshfield,  a  post-township  of  Plymouth  co.,  Mass., 
about  28  miles  S.E.  of  Boston,  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by 
Massachusetts  Bay,  and  intersected  by  a  branch  of  the  Old 
Colony  Railroad.  It  contains  villages  named  Marshfield 
(once  the  place  of  residence  of  Daniel  AVebster)  and  East 
Marshfield,  and  has  manufactures  of  boxes  and  shoes.  Pop. 
1817.  Marshfield  Station  is  34  miles  and  Marshfield  Centre 
32  miles  by  rail  from  Boston. 

Marshfield,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lincoln  co., 
Minn.,  is  at  the  N.E.  end  of  Lake  Benton  (8  miles  in  length), 
and  24  miles  AV.S.AV^.  of  Marshall.     It  has  a  church. 

3Iarshfield,  a  post-village,  capital  of  AA''ebster  co..  Mo., 
in  Ozark  township,  on  the  Atlantic  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  24 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Springfield,  and  218  miles  AV.S.AV.  of  St. 
Louis.  It  contains  2  churches,  the  Summit  Institute,  a 
bank,  2  steam-elevators,  a  tobacco -factory,  a  school-bouse 
which  cost  $25,000,  and  a  newspaper  office.  It  is  a  great 
shipping-point  for  live-stock  and  grain.  Pop.  (1890)  980. 
[It  was  mostly  destroyed  by  a  hurricane,  April  18,  1880.] 

Marshfield,  a  post-office  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  about  24 
miles  S.  of  Buffalo. 

Marshfield,  a  post-village  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  7  miles  AV.  of  Athens,  and 
54  miles  E.  of  Chillicothe.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  240. 

Marshfield,  a  post-village  of  Coos  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Coos  River,  4  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  about  6  miles  E. 
of  Empire  City.  It  is  a  terminus  of  the  Isthmus  Transit 
Railroad,  and  has  a  church,  an  academy,  3  large  saw-mills, 
and  2  ship-yards.  Coal  is  mined  near  this  place  by  several 
companies.     Pop.  in  1880,  642;  in  1890,  1461. 

Marshfield,  a  post-hamlet  in  Gaines  township,  Tioga 
CO.,  Pa.,  20  miles  Av.  by  S.  of  AVellsborough,  and  about  44 
miles  N.  of  Lock  Haven.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  saw-mill. 

Marshfield,  a  post-village  in  Marshfield  township, 
AA''ashington  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  AVinooski  River,  and  on  the 
Montpolier  &  AVells  River  Railroad,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Montpelier.  It  has  3  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  ko. 
The  township,  in  which  there  are  several  fine  waterfalls, 
has  7  saw-mills,  and  manufactures  of  starch  and  coopers' 
ware.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1072. 

Marshfield,  a  township  of  Fond   du   Lao  co.,  AATis. 

Marshfield,  a  post-village  of  AVood  co.,  AVis.,  on  the 
AVisconsin  Central  Railroad,  95  miles  AV.N.AV.  of  Menasha. 
Pop.  in  1880,  669 ;  in  1890,  3450. 

Mars  Hill,  of  Aroostook  co..  Me.,  about  1  mile  AV,  of 
the  New  Brunswick  boundary-line.  It  is  an  isolated  emi- 
nence, with  2  peaks,  one  1506  feet  and  the  other  1363  feet 
above  the  level  of  St.  John's  River. 

Mars  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lafayette  co..  Ark.,  35 
miles  S.  of  Hope.     It  has  2  churches. 

3Iars  Hill,  a  post-township  of  Aroostook  co.,  Me.,  31 
miles  N.  of  Houlton.     Pop.  399. 

Mars  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  N.C.,  18  miles 
N.  of  Asheville.     Here  is  Mars  Hill  College. 

Marsh  Island,  at  the  entrance  to  Vermilion  Bay,  La. 
At  its  AV.  end  is  a  revolving  light,  elevated  90  feet. 

Marsh  Island,  an  island  off  the  coast  of  Lincoln  co., 
Me.     Pop.  20. 

Marsh  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co..  Wis.,  in 
Clayton  township,  on  the  North  AVisconsin  Railroad.  It 
has  4  mills  for  lumber  and  shingles. 

Marsh'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  Oregon,  on 
the  Columbia  River,  35  miles  above  Astoria.  There  are 
near  this  place  lumber-mills  and  canneries  for  salmon. 

Marshland,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Buffalo  co., 
AVis.,  on  the  Green  Bay  &  Minnesota  Railroad,  at  its  junc- 
tion with  the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  5  miles  E. 
of  AVinona,  Minn. 

Marshpee,  Massachusetts.    See  Mashpee. 

Marsh  River,  a  small  stream  of  Polk  co.,  Minn.,  rung 
westward,  and  enters  the  Red  River  of  the  North. 

Marsh  Run,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co..  Pa. 

Marsh  Run,  a  station  in  York  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Nortu- 
ern  Central  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Harrisburg. 

Marsh's  Corners,  Michigan.    See  Henrietta. 

MarshView',  a  post-office  of  Bradford  co..  Pa. 

Marsh'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oceana  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Benona  township,  6  miles  AV.  of  Shelby.  It  has  a  flour- 
mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Marshville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y., 
3  miles  from  Palatine  Bridge,  and  about  50  miles  AV.N.W. 
of  Albany.    It  has  a  cheese-factory  and  about  12  houses. 


MAR 


1774 


MAR 


Miirshville,  a  hmiilet  of  St.  Lawrence  oo.,  N.Y.,  1  mile 
from  ilerinon.     It  has  n  church  and  a  caw-mill. 

Mnrsh'villOt  a  pust-villiige  in  Monok  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  CttnaU*  Air-Line  Rnihray,  22  miles  £.  of  Cayuga. 
It  has  sererftl  stores.     Pop.  20U. 

Marshvillc,  a  village  in  Piotoa  oo.,  Nora  Sootia,  on 
John  River,  20  miios  from  I'ictou.     Pop.  100. 

Mar'shy  IIope«  a  small  river,  rises  in  Kent  co.,  Del., 
Rnd  enters  the  Nantiooke  on  the  boundary  between  Dor- 
chooter  and  Somerset  cos.  of  Maryland. 

Mnrsico  Nuovo,  man'se-ko  noo-o'vo,  n  city  of  Italy, 
province  and  18  miles  S.  of  Potenza.    Pop.  8611. 

iMarsico  Vetere,  mau'se-ko  v6t'i-r4  (anc.  Ahelli'num 
lUar'ticum),  a  town  of  Italy,  4  miles  E.S.E.  of  Marsico 
Nuovo.     Pop.  2547. 

MnrsiilargueSf  man'see'yang',  a  town  of  France,  in 
II6mult,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Montpellier.     Pop.  3161. 

Mnrsivan,  mait^sQ-v&n',  or  Marsovnn,  umK^8o-v&.n', 
a  largo  village  of  Asia  Minor,  pashalio  of  Soevas,  24  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Amasia.  It  has  many  mosques  and  fountains, 
and  some  manufactories  of  cotton  stuffs.     Pop.  6001). 

Mnrs-la-Tour,  maR'-li^-toon',  a  hamlet  of  France, 
in  Meurthe-et-Moselle,  14  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Metz.  It 
sometimes  gives  name  to  the  battle  of  Vionville,  fought 
neai  here,  August  16,  1870. 

Marstal,  maits'till,  a  seaport  town  of  Prussia,  in  Sles- 
wick,  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Aerbe,  in  the  Biiltic. 

Mar'ston,  a  station  in  Sweetwater  co.,  AVyoraing,  on 
the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  21  miles  W.  of  Green  River 
City.     Elevation,  6245  feet. 

Mar'ston  Moor,  a  locality  of  England,  in  Yorkshire, 
memorable  for  the  defeat  of  the  forces  of  King  Charles  I. 
in  1644. 

Mar'ston's  Mills,  a  post-oflSco  of  Barnstable  co..  Moss. 

Marstrand,  man'strSnd,  a  seaport  town  of  Sweden, 
liBn  and  20  miles  N.W.  of  Gothenburg,  on  an  island  in  the 
Cattegat.  Pop.  1306.  It  is  defended  by  2  forts  and  a 
bomb-proof  castle. 

Mars'ville,  a  post-village  in  AVellington  co.,  Ontario,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Fergus.  It  contains  3  stores,  a  hotel,  and  a 
rolling-mill.     Pop.  100. 

Marta,  maii'ta,,  a  small  river  of  Italy,  by  which  Lake 
Rolsena  sends  its  surplus  waters  into  the  Mediterranean. 
Total  course,  about  30  miles. 

Martaban,  marHa-bln',  a  town  of  British  Burraah,  on 
the  Salwin  River,  near  its  mouth,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Maul- 
main.  Lat.  16°  32'  N.;  Ion.  97°  35'  E.  It  has  several 
conspicuous  temples,  and  beside  the  river  is  a  battery  of 
masonry.     See  Gulp  of  Mautaban. 

Martana,  mau-ti'nl,  a  small  island  of  Italy,  in  the 
N.W.  part  of  Lake  Bolscna,  memorable  as  the  scene  of  the 
imprisonment  and  murder  of  Amalasontha,  Queen  of  the 
Goths,  only  daughter  of  Theodorio. 

Martano,  man-tl'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Lecce,  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Otranto.     Pop.  3550. 

Martee-Khan-Ka-Tanda,  man'tee^-kin-ki-tln'- 
dl,  a  town  of  Sinde,  near  the  Indus,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Khy- 
erpoor.     It  has  a  brisk  trade. 

Martel,  mauHdl'  (L.  Marteriinn),ti  town  of  France,  in 
Lot,  35  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cahors.     Pop.  1617. 

MarHel',  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  0.,  at  a  railway 
intersection,  14  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Marion.  It  has  several 
stores  and  other  business  concerns. 

Martell',  a  post-village  of  Pierce  co.,  Wis.,  in  Marteil 
township,  on  Rush  River,  about  22  miles  S.E.  of  Hudson. 
It  has  1  or  2  churches,  2  flour-mills,  and  2  saw-mills.  Pop. 
of  the  township  in  1890,  1292. 

Martelle,  mar-tcU',  a  post-hamlet  of  Jones  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Sabula,  Ackley  &  Dakota  Railroad,  13  miles  E.  of 
Marion.     It  has  a  church. 

Mar'tha  Fnr'nace,  a  hamlet  of  Hardin  co..  111.,  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Shawneetown.     It  has  iron-works. 

Martha  Furnace,  a  post-village  of  Centre  co..  Pa., 
on  Bald  Eagle  Creek,  and  on  the  Bald  Eagle  Valley  Rail- 
road, 31  miles  N.N.E.  of  Altoona.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  lumber-mill. 

Marthalen,  manHl'l^n,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton and  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Zurich.     Pop.  1320. 

Marthasville,  mar'thaz-vll,  a  station  in  Macon  co., 
Ga.,  on  the  Southwestern  Railroad,  43  miles  S.W.  of  Macon. 

Marthasville,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  Mo.,  on 
the  Missouri  River,  50  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis.     Pop.  178. 

Martha's  Vineyard,  mar'thaz  vin'yard,  Massachu- 
setts, an  island  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  about  4  miles  S. 
of  the  mainland.  It  is  separated  from  Barnstable  co.  by 
Vineyard  Sound,  and  forms  the  chief  part  of  Dukes  co. 
It  is  21  miles  long. 


Mar'thaville,  a  post-ofilce  of  Natchitoches  pnrlih,  Lv 
Marthod,   man-tod',  a   villngo  of  France,  in  u'pptf 


Savoy,  3  miles  from  Albert-Ville.     Pop.  1036. 

e   tJ • 


Marthon,  man'tAw"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Cbkrente, 
14  miles  E.S.E.  of  AngoulCme.  It  has  manufactoriei  of 
woollens,  and  12  annual  fairs.  In  its  vicinity  are  iron-minM 

Mar'tic,  a  township  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.    Pop,  ipjd* 

Mar'ticville,  a  post-hamlot  of  Lancaster  eo.,  Pb.  on 
Pequea  Creek,  about  9  miles  S.  of  Lancaster.  It  hti  t 
church,  a  brick-yard,  and  about  16  houses. 

Martignano,  mau'tcen-yl'no,  a  village  of  Italy  19 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Cremona,  on  the  Po.     Pop.  1(598.         ' 

Martign^-Briand,  manHeen-yi'-bree'6x«',a  town  of 
France,  Maine-et-Loiro,  16  miles  W.  of  Sauinur.    P.  ijm. 

Martign^-Fcrchaud,  mauHeen'yi'-liu'BhO',  a  vil.' 
lage  of  Franco,  Ille-et-Vilaine,  21  miles  S.S.W.  of  Vitr*. 

Martigny  la  Ville,  man'teen'yee'  1&  veel  (ano.  Orio. 
du'rusf  Ger.  Marliuach,  mau'te-nlK*),  a  town  of  Switxcr 
land,  canton  of  Valais,  17  miles  W.S.W.  of  Sion,  on  tb« 
Dranso.     Pop.  1490. 

Martigny- le-Ilourg,manHecn'yee'-l?h-boon,»toirB 
of  Switzerland,  i  mile  S.  of  Martigny.     Poj>.  1266. 

Martignes,  maR'toeg'  (L.  Maritimn  Colonia  Aniilit^- 
r>im),  a  town  of  Franco,  Bouchcs-du-Rh6no,  21  miles  S.W. 
of  Aix,  near  the  Etang  de  Berre.  Pop.  4959.  It  has  ex. 
tensive  fisheries  in  the  lake,  boat-building  yards,  sall-work% 
and  manufactures  of  chemicals. 

Mar'tin,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Indiana,  hai  at 
area  of  about  340  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  tb« 
East  Fork  of  White  River,  and  is  alpo  drained  by  Indian 
and  Lick  Creeks.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  nearly  half  of 
it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  com, 
wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Araong  iti 
minerals  are  bituminous  coal  and  sandstone.  This  cnuntjr 
is  intersected  by  the  Ohio  A  Mississippi  Railroad.  Capitiil, 
Shoals.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,103;  in  1880,  13,475;  in  1890 
13,97.3. 

Martin,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Kentucky,  borden 
on  West  Virginia.  Area,  about  235  square  miles.  It  ii 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Tug  Fork  of  Sandy  Rirer. 
The  surface  is  hilly  or  mountainous.  Capital,  Inez.  Pop. 
in  1880,  3057;  in  1890,  4209. 

Martin,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Minnesota,  border- 
ing on  Iowa.  Area,  720  square  miles.  Jt  is  drained  byi 
Chanyuska  River  (or  Elm  Creek)  and  Centre  Creek.  The 
surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with 
prairies  and  small  lakes.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oiit», 
hay,  and  live-stock  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Fair- 
mont.    Pop.  in  1870,  3867;  in  1880,  5249:  in  1890,9403. 

Martin,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  North 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  670  square  uiiles.  It  il 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Roanoke  River,  which  is  navi- 
giible.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  mostly  covered 
with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  partly 
sandy.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  pork,  and  lumber  are  the 
staple  products.  Capital,  Williamston.  Pop.  in  1870, 9647; 
in  1880,  13,140;  in  1890,  15,221. 

Martin,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Texas.  Area, 
900  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Concho  Rirer, 
and  also  drained  by  Sulphur  Creek.  It  is  mountainoiu  'n 
the  N.E.  and  S.W.  parts.  The  S.E.  part  is  traversed  by 
the  Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Stanton.  Pep.  in 
1890,  264. 

Martin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradley  co.,  Ark,,  60  tnllel 
W.S.W.  of  Collins  Station.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  steaia 
saw-mill. 

Martin,  a  township  of  Crawford  co..  111.    Pop.  1099. 

Martin,  a  township  of  McLean  co.,  III.    Pop.  687. 

Martin,  apost-hamlet  of  Ellis  eo.,  Kansas,  in  Big  Creek 
township,  15  miles  N.  of  Hays  CHy.     It  has  a  church.       , 

Martin,  a  post-village  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  in  MartJaj 
township,  on  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad,  81; 
miles  S.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  fl<>nr-| 
mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  ]  160.  ! 

Martin,  a  post-township  of  Rock  co.,  Minn.    Pop. 81S.! 

Martin,  a  post-village  of  Ottawa  co.,  0.,  in  Clay  town- 
ship, on  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Toledo 
It  has  a  church,  3  saw-mills,  and  2  stave-factories.  Pop. 
about  350. 

Martin,  a  township  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C.    Pop.lS-o. 

Martin,  or  Frost,  apost-village of  Weakley  CO.,  Tenn., 
on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad  where 
it  crosses  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  A  St.  Louis  Rajl"*^ 
142  miles  W.  of  Nashville,  and  53  miles  S.  of  Cairo,  I  IL 
It  has  3  churches,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  saw-milL  I" 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Martin.     Pop.  about  500. 

Martin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Green  co.,  AVis.,  on  the  V»- 


MAR 


1775 


MAR 


itonica  River,  about  48  miles  S.S.W.  of  Madison.  It  has 
[churob,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 
Martina,  or  Martina  Franca,  mar-tee'n4  fr&n'k&, 
town  of  Italy,  province  of  Leoce,  19  miles  N.N.B.  of 
kranto.  It  has  a  splendid  duoal  palace  and  handsome 
lurches.    Pop.  18,162. 

Martina,  mar-teo'na,  post-office,  Missoula  co.,  Montana. 
Martinach,  Switzerland.    See  Mautigny  la  Ville. 
Mar'tindalc,  a  post-office  of  Coffey  co.,  Kansas. 
Martindale,  a  post-office  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.C. 
Martindale,  a  post-office  of  Caldwell  co.,  Tex.,  12 
ilcs  S.AV.  of  Lockhart. 

Martindale  Creek  or  Fork,  Indiana,  rises  in  Ran- 
Iph  CO.,  runs  southward  through  Wayne  co.,  and  enters 
0  Whitewater  River  at  Milton. 

{Martindale  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co., 
Ly.,  on  the  New  York  &  Ilarlem  Railroad,  at  Martindale 
jation,  116  miles  N.  of  New  York.     It  has  a  church. 
iMartincngo,  man-te-nSn'go,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
id  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bergamo.     Pop.  4627. 
Martinez,  mar-tee'nfiz,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Con- 
i  Costa  CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  S.  shore  of  Suisun  Bay,  at  the  E. 
d  of  the  Strait  of  Carquinez,  about  36  miles  by  water  N.E. 
f  San  Francisco,  and  3  miles  S.  of  Benicia.     It  is  in  a 
pall  valley  enclosed  by  high  hills  on  all  sides  except  the 
prth,  and  contains  several  churches,  2  newspaper  offices, 
fid  a  money-order  post-office.     Pop.  1600. 
iMartin'ez,  or  Martiu'ey,  a  post-office  of  Mecosta 
|..  Mich. 

■Martiniana,  maR-te-ne-&'n&,  a  village  of  Italy,  Pied- 
jont,  6  miles  W.  of  Saluzzo,  on  the  Po.  Pop.  1668. 
iMartinicus  Island,  Maine.  See  Mati.vicus. 
[Martinique,  mar^tin-eek',  formerly  called  by  the  na- 
ires  Madiana,  mJ-de-i'ni  (Sp.  Martinico,  man-te-neo'- 
^),  one  of  the  French  West  India  Islands,  30  miles  S.  by 
J!.  of  Dominica,  and  20  miles  N.  of  St.  Lucia.  Its  loftiest 
mmit,  Mont  Pel6e,  4450  feet  high,  is  in  lat.  14°  48'  N., 
p.  61°  10'  AV.  The  island  is  of  irregular  form,  high,  and 
|cky,  about  45  miles  long  and  10  to  15  miles  broad.  Area, 
jo  square  miles.  There  are  si.x  extinct  volcanoes  on  the 
land :  one  of  the  craters  is  of  large  dimensions.  Exten- 
|re  masses  of  volcanic  rocks  cover  the  interior,  rise  to  a 
leat  elevation,  and  extend  from  the  mountains  to  the 
[ores  of  the  sea,  where  they  form  numerous  deep  indenta- 
lins  along  the  coast.  Between  the  volcanic  rocks  occur 
|jad  irregular  valleys  of  great  fertility.  About  two-fifths 
ifthe  island  is  imder  cultivation.  The  mountain-slopes  are 
!  most  parts  covered  with  primeval  forests.  Numerous 
it'eams  flow  from  the  heights,  most  of  them  mere  rivulets, 
]t  a  few  are  navigable  for  boats  for  a  short  distance  from 
teir  mouths.  The  productions  are  sugar,  coffee,  cacao,  and 
iton.  The  island  is  badly  infested  with  serpents. 
tit  has  several  good  harbors,  the  best  of  which  is  at  Fort- 
it-France,  the  capital,  on  the  S.W.  side.  The  principal  town 
:|St.  Pierre,  on  the  N.W.  side  of  the  island.  The  admin- 
ijration  of  Martinique  is  under  a  governor  and  a  privy 
ifancil,  aided  by  a  colonial  council.  The  island  was  dis- 
jtrered  by  the  Spaniards  in  1493.  In  1635  it  was  settled 
i  the  French,  who  eventually  extinguished  the  aboriginal 
:pe.  It  was  subsequently  taken  by  the  British  in  1794,  and 
Stored  in  1802;  it  was  again  taken  by  the  British  in  1809, 
id  restored  a  second  time  to  Franco  at  the  close  of  the  war 
:|1814._  Pop.  160,831,  mostly  blacks. 
[Martino,  man-tee'no,  a  village  of  Brazil,  in  Rio 
"ande  do  Norte,  170  miles  W.  of  Natal.  Pop.  2000. 
Martin's,  York  co.,  Pa.  See  Short  Line. 
Mar'tin's,  a  hamlet  in  Barnwell  co.,  S.C,  on  the  Port 
yal  Railroad,  41  miles  S.S.E.  of  Augusta,  Ga.  Here  is 
'  wer  Three  Runs  Post-Office. 

Martinsberg,  man'tins-bSno*  (Hun.  Szetit  Martony, 
lit  milRHon'),  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  12  miles  S.E. 
I  Raab,  with  an  ancient  Benedictine  abbey.     Pop.  1880. 
Martinsberg,  Transylvania.    See  Martoxhegy. 
Martin's  Bluff,  post-office,  Clarke  co.,  AVashington. 
Mar'tinsburg,  a  post-village  of  Pike  co.,  111.,  in  Mar- 
1  isburg  township,  8  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Pittsfield,  and  about 
.  miles  W.S.W.  of  Jacksonville.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop. 
'j  the  township,  1466. 

Martinsburg,  a  post-village  of  Washington  eo.,  Ind., 
Jackson  township,  about  17  miles  N.W.  of  New  Albany. 
has  3  churches.     Pop.  123. 

[Martinsburg,  a  post-village  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa,  in 
fcady  Run  township,  about  16  miles  N.E.  of  Ottumwa.  It 
s  2  churches. 

iMartinsburg,  Elliott  co.,  Ky.    See  Sandy  Hook. 
[Martinsburg,  a  post-office  and  landing  of  Monroe  co., 
jr.,  on  the  Cumberland  River,  50  miles  S.E.  of  Glasgow. 


Martinsburg,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md. 

Martinsburg,  a  post-village  of  Audrain  co.,  Mo.,  in 
Loutro  township,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern 
Railroad,  95  miles  AV.N.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  2  churches, 
the  Martinsburg  Male  and  Female  Institute,  and  a  car- 
riage-factory.    Pop.  about  400. 

Martinsburg,  a  hamlet  of  Dixon  co..  Neb.,  8  miles 
from  Ponca.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Martinsburg,  a  post-village  in  Martinsburg  town- 
ship, Lewis  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Utica  <fc  Black  River  Rail- 
road, 64  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Utica,  and  4  miles  S.  of  Low- 
ville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  and 
an  academy  or  institute.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  Black  River.     Pop.  in  1890,  1982. 

Martinsburg,  a  post-village  in  Clay  township,  Knox 
CO.,  0.,  7  miles  S.  of  Gambler,  and  about  16  miles  N.  of 
Newark.  It  has  4  churches,  a  union  school,  a  tannery,  a 
steam  saw-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Martinsburg,  a  post-borough  of  Blair  co..  Pa.,  is  in  a 
fertile  valley  called  Morrison's  Cove,  22  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Altoona,  and  13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ilollidaysburg.  It  is  on 
the  Morrison's  Cove  Branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad. 
It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  6  churches,  and  the  Ju- 
niata Collegiate  Institute.     Pop.  in  1890,  588. 

Martinsburg,  Butler  co..  Pa.    See  Bruin. 

Martinsburg,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co..  Pa.,  about 
27  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pittsburg.  It  is  2  miles  E.  of  AVashing- 
ton.     Pop.  about  100. 

Martinsburg,  a  post-office  of  Gillespie  co.,  Tex. 

Martinsburg,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Berkeley  co.,  W. 
Va.,  is  near  the  W.  border  of  the  long  fertile  valley  which 
is  bounded  on  one  side  by  the  Blue  Ridge.  It  is  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  at  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Cum- 
berland Valley  Railroad,  100  miles  AV.  of  Baltimore,  78 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Cumberland,  and  42  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Cham- 
bersburg.  Pa.  It  contains  a  court-house,  11  churches,  a 
national  bank,  2  other  banks,  2  female  seminaries,  4  car- 
riage-factories, a  foundry,  a  distillery,  a  planing-mill,  manu- 
factures of  flour  and  furniture,  and  printing-offices  which 
issue  1  daily  and  2  or  3  weekly  newspapers.  Here  are  large 
machine-shops  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  Comoany, 
which  employ  nearly  300  men.     Pop.  in  1890,  7226. 

Martin's  Corner,  a  post-office  of  Chester  co..  Pa. 

Martin's  Creek,  of  Northampton  co..  Pa.,  flows  into 
the  Delaware  River. 

Martin's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Sharp  co..  Ark. 

Martin's  Creek,  New  Jersey.    See  Brainakd's. 

Martin's  Creek,  Northampton  co.,  Pa.  See  Martins- 
ville. 

Martin's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  co., 
Ala.,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Talladega. 

Mar'tinsdale,  a  post-office  of  Meagher  co.,  Montana. 

Martin's  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C, 
on  the  Laurens  Railroad,  about  60  miles  W.N.AV^.  of  Co- 
lumbia. 

Martin's  Ferry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal., 
on  Klamath  River,  about  40  miles  N.E.  of  Eureka. 

Martin's  Ferry,  a  station  in  Ilookset  township,  Mer- 
rimack CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Merrimac  River, 
and  on  the  Concord  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Manchester. 

Martin's  Ferry,  Belmont  co.,  0.   See  Martinsville. 

Martin's  Lime  Kiln,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stokes  co., 
N.C,  33  miles  N.  of  Salem. 

Martin's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.C, 
6  miles  from  Troy. 

Martin's  Mills,  a  post-village  of  AVayne  co.,  Tenn., 
32  miles  N.N.AA''.  of  Florence,  Ala.  It  has  a  church,  a  tan- 
nery, a  steam  saw-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Martin  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Grayson  co.,  Tex. 

Martin's  River,  a  river  of  Nova  Scotia,  falls  into 
Chester  Bay,  on  the  sea-coast,  AV.  of  Halifax.  Length, 
about  50  miles. 

Martin's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dallas  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  Selma  <fc  New  Orleans  Railroad,  21  miles  S.AA''.  of 
Selma.     It  has  a  steam-mill  and  2  or  3  stores. 

Martin's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pulaski  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad,  112  milos  AV. 
by  S.  of  Lynchburg. 

Martin's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  eo.,  IlL 

Martin's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Halifax  co.,  Va. 

Mar'tinstown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co,.  Mo.,  in 
Elm  township,  12  miles  AV.  of  Queen  City.   It  has  3  churches. 

Mar'tinsville,a  post-village  in  Martinsville  township, 
Clark  CO.,  111.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  A  Terre  Haute 
Railroad,  28  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Terre  Haute,  and  about  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Charleston.  It  has  a  newspaper  office  and  2 
churches.     Pop,  in  1890,  779;  of  the  township,  2066. 


MAR 


1776 


MAR 


Mnrtinsvillc,  a  post-rillage,  capital  of  Morgan  oo., 
Ind.,  is  1  mile  £.  of  the  West  Foric  of  White  River,  30 
inilee  S.S.W.  of  Indianapolii,  and  27  miles  W,  by  S.  of 
Franklin.  It  is  on  the  Indianapolis  A  Vinconnes  Railroad, 
and  is  the  W,  terminus  of  the  Cincinnati  &  Martinsville 
Railroad.  It  contains  3  churches,  1  national  bank,  2  other 
banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  high  school,  2  tanneries,  a 
foundry,  3  savr-mills,  a  flour-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  and  3 
oarriase-fftctories.     Pop.  in  1890,  2680. 

Mnrtinsville*  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co..  Me.,  in  St. 
Oeorgo  township,  on  the  sea,  13  miles  S.  of  Thomaston. 

Martinsvillet  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Sumpter  township,  about  26  miles  S.W.  of  Detroit.  It  has 
2  churches. 

Martinsrille^  a  post-village  of  Copiah  co.,  Miss.,  on  the 
Chicago,  St.  Louis  A  Now  Orleans  Railroad,  145  miles  N. 
of  Now  Orleans.     It  has  2  churches  and  2  steam  saw-mills. 

Martinsville,  apost-hamlctof  Harrison  co..  Mo.,  about 
75  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Joseph.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  74. 

Martinsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  oo.,  N.J., 
about  10  miles  N.W.  of  New  Brunswick. 

Martinsville,  a  post-village  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Tonawanda  Creek,  1  mile  from  Sawyer's  Creek,  13  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Buffalo,  and  10  miles  S.E.  of  Niagara  Falls. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  planing-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Martinsville,  or  Martin's  Ferry,  a  village  in  Pease 
township,  Belmont  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  2  miles  above 
AVhecling,  and  on  the  Cleveland  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  6 
miles  N.  of  Bellaire.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Mar- 
tin's Ferry.  It  has  7  churches,  a  union  school,  a  news- 
paper office,  2  banks,  a  blast-furnace,  a  foundry,  a  nail- 
factory,  glass-works,  and  manufactures  of  steam-engines 
and  farming-implements.  Pop.  (1890)  6260.  The  village 
is  surrounded  by  high  vine-covereii  hills,  in  which  are  found 
thick  veins  of  bituminous  coal  and  beds  of  iron  ore  and 
limestone.  The  glass-works  at  this  place  are  said  to  be  the 
largest  in  the  United  States. 

Martinsville,  a  post-village  in  Clark  township,  Clin- 
ton CO.,  0.,  on  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  60  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  2  churches,  2  banking-houses, 
a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  flour,  and 
lumber.     Pop.  in  1890,  336. 

Martinsville,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Strasburg  township,  2  miles  E.  of  Lime  Valley  Station, 
which  is  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lancaster.  It  has  a  store  and 
a  flour-mill. 

Martinsville,  a  post-village  of  Northampton  co..  Pa., 
near  the  Delaware  River,  1  mile  from  Martin's  Creek  Sta- 
tion (at  Brainard's,  N.J.)  on  the  Belvidere  &  Delaware 
Railroad,  7  miles  above  Easton.  It  has  3  churches,  a  cot- 
ton-mill, a  tannery,  2  flour-mills,  and  a  slate-factory.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Martin's  Creek. 

3Iartinsville,  a  post-office  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C. 

Martinsville,  a  namlet  of  Bedford  co.,  Tenn.,  6i  miles 
N.  of  Shelbyvillo. 

Martinsville,  a  post-office  of  Nacogdoches  co.,  Tex. 

Martinsville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Henry  oo.,  Va., 
on  a  branch  of  the  Dan  River,  40  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Dan- 
ville, and  about  70  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lynchburg.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office,  4  churches,  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Mar'tinton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Martinton  township,  Iro- 
quois CO.,  III.,  on  the  Chicago,  Danville  &  Vincennes  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  N.  of  Watseka.     Pop.  of  the  township,  866. 

Mar'tintown,  a  post-village  in  Glengarry  co.,  Ontario, 
12  miles  from  Lancaster.  It  contains  8  stores,  2  hotels,  a 
grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  400. 

Martin  Vas,  or  Martin  Vaz,  man-teen'  viz,  a  rocky 
islet  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  a  few  leagues  N.E.  of  Trinidade. 
It  belongs  to  Brazil. 

Mar'tinville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co..  Wis.,  16 
miles  N.  of  Platteville.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  100. 

Mar'tinville,  a  post-village  in  Compton  co.,  Quebec,  on 
Salmon  River,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Compton.  It  contains  2 
eaw-mills  and  a  store.     Pop.  100. 

Martirano,  man-te-rl'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Cntanzaro,  8  miles  N.  of  Nicastro.     Pop.  2271. 

Martires,  maa'te-rds,  three  small  low  islands  in  the 
Pacific,  hit.  7°  34'  N.,  Ion.  149°  29'  E. 

Martirios,  mar-tee're-oce,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Minas-Geraes,  between  the  Rio  das  .Velhas  and  the  Paran- 
peba.  The  inhabitants  cultivate  millet,  beans,  rice,  and 
sugar-cane,  and  make  brandy.     Pop.  7000. 

Martizay,  manHce'zA',  a  town  of  France,  in  Indre, 
arrondissement  of  Le  Blanc.     Pop.  1866. 

Mart'ling,  a  post-hamlet  of  Newton  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Atlantic  &  Pacific  Railroad,  1  or  2  miles  N.E.  of  Neosho. 
It  ha<  a  church. 


Mar'tock,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Somerset,  on  th« 
Parret,  6i  miles  W.N.W.  of  Yeovil.     Pop.  of  parish,  8001. 

Martola  Mariam,  maR-to'l&  m&Vo&m',  a  town  of 
Abyssinia,  state  of  Amhara,  lat.  10°  61'  N.,  Ion.  37°  48'  v 

Martonhegy,m5u'tonMiWj',orMartin8bcrg,maR'. 
tins-biito',  a  village  of  Transylvania,  12  miles  from  Siom. 
bath.     Pop.  1260. 

Martonvasar,  mSiOton^-Sh^san',  a  town  of  Uunnrr 
17  miles  S.W.  of  Buda.     Pop.  1687.  '' 

Martonyos,  mSii'ton^yosh',  a  village  of  ITungary  18 
miles  S.W.  of  Szegedin,  on  the  Theiss.     Pop.  4U34.      ' 

Martorcl,  man-to-ril',  a  town  of  Spain,  Catalonia,  IJ 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Barcelona,  on  the  Llobregat,  with  a 
bridge  and  triumphal  arch  of  Roman  construction.  P.  4l.';8. 

Martos,  mau'toce,  a  town  of  Spain,  Andalusia,  9  ojijei 
W.S.W.  of  Jaen.  It  has  two  squares,  crooked,  steep,  and 
unpaved  streets,  fine  churches,  2  convents,  a  town  douse 
prison,  hospital,  orphan  asylum,  small  theatre,  and,  at  some 
distance  S.  of  the  town,  two  bathing-establishments,  the 
waters  of  which  contain  sulphur,  magnesia,  alum,  Ac, 
Linen,  pottery-ware,  hats,  and  oil  are  made.    Pop.  11,668. 

Martrcs,  mant'r,  a  town  of  France,  in  Uaute-Qaronne, 
24  miles  S.W.  of  Muret.     Pop.  1950. 

Martrcs  de  Veyre,  mant'r  d^h  vin,  a  town  of  France^ 
department  of  Puy-de-D6me,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Clormont-Fer 
rand.     Pop.  2608. 

Mart'ville,  a  post-village  in  Sterling  township,  Cayug* 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Southern  Central  Railroad,  26  miles  N.  of 
Auburn.     It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  tannery. 

Martz,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co.,  Ind.,  in  Harrison 
township,  about  22  miles  S.E.  of  Terro  Haute,  and  1  mile 
from  Clay  City  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  about  600. 

Martza,  a  village  of  Hungary.    See  Maucz. 

Marua,  m&-roo'^,  Maurua,  mdw-roo'&,  or  Maapiti, 
mCw-pee'tee,  one  of  the  Society  Islands,  in  the  PociGo 
Ocean.     Lat.  16°  26'  S.;  Ion.  152°  12'  W. 

Marum,  m&'rum,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  12  mile* 
S.W.  of  Groningen.     Pop.  of  commune,  3720. 

Marutea,  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Loud  Hood's  Islaxd. 

Marv&o,  maR-vown"',  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of 
Alcmtejo,  on  the  Spanish  frontier,  11  miles  N.E.  of  For- 
taleifre,  with  a  citadel  and  extensive  cisterns.    Pop.  1424. 

Marv&o,  maR-v6wK"',  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Piauhy, 
on  the  Marvao,  150  miles  N.E.  of  Oeiras.     Pop.  3000. 

Marvejols,  man^v^h-zhol'  (L.  Marilogium),  a  town  of  i 
France,  in  Lozfire,  on  the  right  branch  of  the  Cologne,  10 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Mende.  It  has  tanneries  and  manufac- 
tures of  serges  and  other  woollen  stuffs.     Pop.  4038. 

Mar'vel,  a  post-office  of  Bates  co.,  Mo.,  about  66  milet 
S.  of  Kansas  City. 

MarVell',  a  post-village  of  Phillips  co..  Ark.,  on  the 
Arkansas  Central  Railroad,  21  miles  W.  of  Helena.  It  hu 
1  or  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  steam  cotton-gin,  Ac.  i 

Marville,  manVeel',  a  village  of  France,  in  Mouse,  6 
miles  S.E.  of  Montm^dy.     Pop.  1278. 

Mar'vin,  or  Marvin  Station,  a  village  of  Clark  eo., 
III.,  in  York  township,  on  the  Paris  &  Danville  Railroad, 
26  miles  S.  of  Paris.  It  has  a  church,  a  wagon-shop,  Ae. 
Here  is  Walnut  Prairie  Post-Office. 

Marvin,  a  post-office  of  Henry  co..  Mo.,  about  9  milei 
W.  of  Clinton. 

Marvin,  a  post-village  of  Chautauqua  eo.,  N.Y.,  in| 
French  Creek  township,  about  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Corry,! 
Pa.     It  has  2  dairies  or  cheese-factories,  and  a  shingle-mill.; 

Mar'vinville,  a  post-office  of  Yell  co.,  Ark. 

Mar'vyn,  a  post-office  of  Rassell  co.,  Ala. 

Marwar,  India.    See  Joodpoor. 

Maryampol,  mi-re-4m'pol,  a  town  of  Austrian  Gali- 
oia,  on  the  Dniester,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Stanislawow. 

Mary  Ann,  a  township  of  Licking  co.,  0.    Pop.  804. 

Maryburgh,  mi're-biirViih,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co. 
of  Inverness,  on  Loch  Eil,  .at  the  mouth  of  the  Lochy, 
S.W.  of  Fort  William.     It  has  a  large  herring-fishery. 

Maryborough,  a  town  of  Ireland,  capital  of  (Juoen's 
CO.,  53S  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Dublin.     Pop.  2731. 

Maryborough,  mi're-bur-ruh,  the  chief  town  of  the 
Northwest  gold-fields  of  Victoria,  Australia,  co.  of  Talbot, 
104  miles  N.W.  of  Melbourne.  It  contains  numerous  public 
offices  and  a  general  hospital,  is  the  centre  of  trafB(^  ani 
is  surrounded  by  gold-workings.     Pop.  2936. 

Maryborough,  the  chief  town  of  March  co.,  QuocnJ- 
land,  on  Mary  River,  in  lat.  26°  30'  S.     Pop.  8612. 

Ma'rydale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Antigonish  co.,  sson 
Scotia,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Antigonish.     Pop.  100. 

Ma^rydell',  a  post-village  of  Caroline  co.,  Md.,  on  tm 
Maryland  &  Delaware  Railroad,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Easton 


MAR 


1777 


MAR 


]|is'  partly  in  Kent  oo.,  Del.    It  has  2  churches,  a  fruit- 
(jining-factory,  a    machine-shop,  an    iron-foundry,  and 
ijnufactures  of  ploughs  and  baskets. 
Ma'ry  Esther,  es't^r,  a  post-office  of  Santa  Rosa  co., 
]li,.,  45  miles  B.  of  Pensacola. 

fNfa'ryhill,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  oo.  of  Lanark,  3  miles 
]kv.  of  Glasgow,  on  the  Kelvin,  here  crossed  by  the  Forth 
("Plyde  Canal.  It  contains  print-works,  iron-works,  bleach- 
ell  glass-works,  spinning-mills,  and  boat-building  yards. 
iL  5842. 

Mary  Island,  in  the  Pacific.  See  Canton  Island. 
naryland,  mi're-land  (named  in  honor  of  Queen  llen- 
rfta  Maria,  consort  of  Charles  I.  of  Great  Britain),  one 
olthe  Middle  Atlantic  states  of  the  American  Union,  and 
of  of  the  original  thirteen  United  States,  is  bounded  N.  by 
Ipnsylvania,  B.  by  Delaware  and  the  Atlantic,  AV.  by 
Ajst  Virginia,  and  S.  and  S.W.  by  Virginia,  West  Vir- 
gfia,  and  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  from  the  two 
finer  it  is  for  the  most  part  divided  by  the  river  Potomac. 
IBs  of  very  irregular  outline,  and  by  the  river  Susque- 
likna  and  Chesapeake  Bay  it  is  divided  into  two  por- 
t^s, — the  Eastern  and  the  Western  Shore,  the  latter  em- 
blcing  about  two-thirds  of  the  area.  There  are  also  small 
ii{,nds  in  the  bay  and  off  the  Atlantic  coast,  nearly  all  in 
cpe  proximity  to  the  Eastern  Shore.  Area,  12,210  square 
ties ;  land  area,  9860  square  miles,  or  6,310,400  acres,  of 
ySch  rather  more  than  half  is  improved  land.  The  N. 
IMt  is  "  Mason  &  Dixon's  line,"  39°  44'  N.  lat. 
face  of  the  Country. — The  Eastern  Shore  is  a  level,  sandy, 
b|  mainly  fertile  region,  nowhere  of  great  elevation, 
t'ugh  in  the  N.  there  are  finely-rounded  hills,  while 
sithward  there  are  swampy  tracts  and  patches  of  wood- 
Iijd,  whence  red-cedar,  cypress,  and  white-oak  timber  are 
obinedj  and  the  streams,  though  not  large,  are  to  a  re- 
nrkable  degree  deep  and  navigable.  W.  of  the  bay  the 
stlace  is  similar  to  that  just  described,  but  more  uneven 
at  varied  in  character  as  far  N.W.  as  the  low  ridge  which 
e:'3nds  S.W.  from  the  Susquehanna  at  the  state  line  to  a 
plit  near  Rookville,  on  the  Potomac.  This  is  the  southeast- 
ei|inost  or  outlying  geographical,  but  not  geological,  rep- 
nlntative  of  the  remarkable  parallel  ridges  of  the  Allo- 
g|ny  system,  numbers  of  which  cross  the  W.  half  of  the 
Btle,  for  the  most  part  in  steep  and  bold  ridges,  with  wide 
B»  exceedingly  fertile  intervening  valleys.  In  the  ex- 
trpe  W.  the  beautiful  elevated  valleys  are  known  as 
"  ades."  The  principal  of  these  ridges  are  the  South, 
Siar-Loaf,  Catoetin,  Blue  Ridge,  Kittatinny,  Rugged, 
Mi's,  Davis,  Piney,  Great  Savage  or  Big  Backbone,  Middle, 
L  le  Savage,  Hooppole,  West,  Little  Backbone,  Meadow, 
N  TO,  Keyser,  Winding,  and  Briery  ridges  or  mountains. 
N.e  attain  a  great  elevation. 

eology. — The  S.  half  of  the  Eastern  Shore  is  alluvial 
ai  post-tertiary ;  its  central  and  N.  central  portions  are 
te.ary;  and  the  N.  is  of  cretaceous  age,  the  narrow  cre- 
taous  belt  extending  south  westward  to  the  District  of 
Cdmbia  and  having  on  its  S.E.  flank  a  wide  area  of  the 
to  ary.  N.AV.  of  the  cretaceous  appears  a  wide  belt  re- 
fo  3d  to  the  Laurentian  or  eozoic  ages,  but  overlaid  along 
itiientre  by  a  strip  of  the  triassic  crossing  the  state,  all 
the  belts  and  strips  having  more  or  less  of  the  general 
N  .  and  S.W.  direction  of  the  mountains  and  the  Atlantic 
cot.  The  Alleghanies  proper  are  mainly  of  Lower  Silu- 
rii  age,  and  would  appear  to  have  been  formed  as  sub- 
m  ine  beds  in  harmony  with  the  previous  Laurentian 
ourops;  and  upon  these  old  Silurian  plateaus  were  depos- 
it* Devonian  and  carboniferous  strata,  of  which  relics 
eti  remain,  having  survived  the  period  of  plutonio  eleva- 
tic  and  of  the  subsequent  denudation  by  the  action  of 
witr.  Between  Dan's  Mountain  and  the  Great  Savage 
ri(e  occurs  the  small  but  highly  important  Cumberland  or 
Fitburg  coal-field  (18,282  acres,  or  27  square  miles), 
wl'h  yields  an  excellent  and  abundant  semi-bituminous 
CO  much  employed  as  a  marine,  railroad,  furnace,  domes- 
tie  and  blacksmiths'  fuel.  Average  product,  3,000,000 
Krstons.  Between  Little  Savage  and  Negro  Mountains 
the  is  a  field  of  true  bituminous  coal,  which,  however,  is 
nc  wrought  to  any  extent.  Fire-clays  are  abundant,  and 
th  fire-bricks  of  Mount  Savage  have  a  wide  reputation, 
ta  Dg  rank  next  to  the  English  Stourbridge  brick,  which 
ar;he  best  in  the  world.  The  coal-measures  also  yield 
bffli  of  useful  clay  ironstone,  and  black -band  ores  and  iron 
sh^BS  of  fair  quality.  Brown  hematite  is  found  in  the 
Tiiton  limestone,  and  some  bog  ore  is  obtained.  Maryland 
onj  held  a  high  rank  in  the  production  of  iron  ore,  but 
thf.ndustry  has  lately  greatly  decreased.  Marble,  granite, 
selBntine,  and  other  building-stone,  limestone  for  burning, 
wiroofing- slate  are  among  the  quarry-products.    Kaolin, 


lignite  (in  Anne  Arundel  co.),  iron  pyrites,  amber,  alum, 
ochres,  ores  of  chromium,  honestone,  millstones,  cements, 
breccia,  valuable  marls,  and  barytes  exist  within  the  limits 
of  Maryland,  and  some  of  them  are  very  abundant.  Mag- 
nesia carbonate,  Epsom  salts,  <fcc.,  have  been  long  manufac- 
tured extensively  at  Baltimore  from  the  magnesite  which 
is  found  in  that  vicinity. 

Objects  of  Interest  to  Tourists. — Among  these  we  may 
place  the  Falls  of  the  Potomac,  the  wild  scenery  near  Har- 
per's Ferry,  the  romantic  and  fertile  glades  of  Garrett  and 
Alleghany  cos.,  and  the  flat  sandstone  top  of  West  Moun- 
tain, strewn  with  enormous  blocks  of  the  same  material. 

liivers  and  Navigable  Waters. — The  Potomac  is  navi- 
gated by  sea-going  vessels  as  far  as  Georgetown,  D.C. 
From  that  point  upward  to  Cumberland,  Md.,  the  Chesa- 
peake &  Ohio  Canal  extends  (184  miles),  having  been  con- 
structed by  the  state  at  a  cost  of  more  than  $7,000,000. 
This  canal  has  been  of  great  benefit  to  the  whole  Atlantic 
seaboard,  bringing  down  much  coal  and  iron,  ifcc,  at  very 
cheap  rates,  but  it  has  never  paid  remunerative  dividends. 
The  Chesapeake  Bay  affords  a  great  extent  of  safely  navi- 
gable water,  and  into  it  flow  the  Patuxcnt,  Patapsco, 
Severn,  Gunpowder,  Elk,  Chester,  Choptank,  Nanticoke, 
Pocomoke,  and  other  navigable  streams,  besides  the  noble 
Susquehanna,  which  is  not  extensively  navigated.  The 
Delaware  &  Chesapeake  Canal  connects  the  navigable  waters 
of  the  state  with  Delaware  Bay,  and  the  Susquehanna  & 
Tidewater  Canal  follows  the  W.  bank  of  the  Susquehanna. 
Considering  its  area,  it  is  believed  that  no  other  state  in  th« 
Union  has  so  great  an  extent  of  navigable  water. 

Agricultural  Resources. — The  "  glades  butter"  and  moun- 
tain mutton  of  the  western  counties  have  a  high  reputa- 
tion ;  and  the  fossiliferous  strata  of  the  mountains  are  self- 
fertilizing,  especially  upon  the  application  of  the  home- 
burned  lime  to  the  soil.  About  Frederick  the  broad  and 
beautiful  valleys  produce  excellent  crops  of  corn  and  winter 
wheat.  The  Eastern  Shore  is  of  late  a  principal  seat  of  the 
peach-growing  industry,  small  fruits  and  garden -products 
being  also  sent  in  great  amounts  to  the  Northern  cities. 
Baltimore  and  Anne  Arundel  cos.  are  great  seats  of  market- 
gardening.  The  lower  counties  of  the  AVestern  Shore  give 
special  attention  to  tobacco-culture.  AVheat,  corn,  oats,  to- 
bacco, live-stock,  wool,  pork,  sweet  and  other  potatoes,  and 
butter  are  the  staple  products.  Some  of  the  tide-water 
counties  have  a  soil  much  exhausted  and  worn ;  but  the 
presence  of  abundant  beds  of  good  marl,  muck,  lime,  gyp- 
sum, and  other  fertilizers,  and  the  ease  with  which  the 
ground  is  wrought,  render  practicable  its  restoration  to  fer- 
tility. The  climate  of  Eastern  Maryland  is  singularly 
mild  for  its  latitude,  and  many  Northern  farmers  have  of 
late  removed  thither.  All  parts  of  the  state  are  healthful, 
except  that  malarial  fevers  prevail  near  the  marshy  tracts. 

Manufactures. — Reference  has  already  been  made  to  the 
manufacture  of  iron,  fire-brick,  magnesian  salts,  lime,  <fec. 
There  are  also  many  other  manufacturing  industries,  Balti- 
more and  its  vicinity  being  their  principal  seat.  Boots 
and  shoes,  bricks,  cement,  chemicals,  clothing,  cooperage, 
cotton  goods,  canned  goods  (fruits,  meats,  and  oysters), 
flour,  furniture,  leather,  lumber,  machinerj',  metallic  wares, 
tobacco,  and  woollen  goods  are  leading  articles  of  manufac- 
ture.    West  of  Chesapeake  Bay  there  is  much  water-power. 

Forest  Products. — These  are  mainly  oak  for  ship-timber, 
ash,  hickory,  cedar,  and  cypress  shingles,  tanners'  bark, 
sumach  leaves  for  tanning,  charcoal,  firewood,  &c. 

Fisheries,  &c. — The  oyster-fisheries  of  Maryland  are 
more  extensive  than  those  of  any  other  state,  the  sounds, 
inlets,  bays,  and  estuaries  of  the  coasts  being  a  favorite 
habitat  of  oysters,  the  product  of  each  locality  having  its 
special  name  and  its  peculiar  qualities  as  regards  size, 
flavor,  Ac.  Many  vessels  from  the  North  visit  the  waters 
of  Maryland  and  obtain  oysters  for  planting  and  for  direct 
sale;  and  so  extensive  is  this  business  that  the  state  has 
been  obliged  to  enact  a  series  of  statutes  for  its  regulation. 
The  shad-  and  other  fisheries  are  also  important  and  lucra- 
tive. The  canvas-back  duck  haunts  the  marshes  of  this 
state,  where  its  special  food,  a  species  of  Vallisneria,  gives 
to  the  bird's  flesh  its  peculiar  celery  flavor  so  much  es- 
teemed by  epicures.  Reed-birds,  wild  geese,  rails,  snipey 
and  grouse  haunt  the  waste  lands,  old  fields,  and  marshet^ 
and  afl'ord  autumnal  occupation  for  the  sportsman.  The 
soft-shelled  crabs  and  terrapins  of  the  Baltimore  markets 
are  celebrated  for  their  excellence. 

Finances. — The  financial  history  of  Maryland  is  in  the 
highest  degree  honorable  to  her  people.  The  state  early 
entered  upon  the  construction  of  canals  and  works  of  in- 
ternal improvement,  and  freely  lent  her  credit  to  the  assist- 
ance of  her  railroad  corporations.    She  thus  became  heavily 


MAR 


1778 


MAR 


Involved  In  debt,  and  mot  for  a  time  with  grievous  ombar- 
raumontt;  but  all  claims  were  honorably  adjusted,  and  the 
■tato  credit  has  since  been  excellent. 

Jiullrondi. — The  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad  was  char- 
tered in  1827,  and  on  July  4,  1828,  the  first  ground  was 
broken  upon  it  by  the  venerated  patriot  Chorles  Carroll. 
In  lS:tU  the  state  had  15  miles  of  railroad ;  in  1333,  110 
miles;  in  1846  (including  the  District  of  Columbia),  259 
miles ;  in  1S55,  327  miles  ;  in  1860,  886  miles ;  in  1865,  446 
miles;  in  1870,671  miles;  in  1875,929  miles;  in  1880, 
1U40  miles;  in  1885,  1137  miles;  and  in  1890,  1270  milos. 
Of  late  there  has  been  a  great  extension  of  railroads,  prin- 
cipally upon  the  Eastern  Shore. 

Commtrce  has  its  principal  scat  at  Baltimore,  which  was 
long  the  scat  of  nearly  all  the  general  trade ;  but  the  East- 
ern Shore  has  now  a  large  direct  trade  with  New  York  and 
Philadelphia  as  well.  The  navigable  waters  and  the  rail- 
roads afl'ord  unusual  commercial  advantages.  The  coal  of 
Maryland  is  used  extensively  in  all  the  Atlantic  States. 
Baltimore  has  an  important  foreign  commerce. 

Counttet. — Maryland  has  23  counties,  besides  the  inde- 
pendent city  of  Baltimore.  The  counties  are  Alleghany, 
Anne  Arundel,  Baltimore,  Calvert,  Caroline,  Carroll,  Cecil, 
Charles,  Dorchester,  Frederick,  Garrett,  Harford,  Howard, 
Kent,  Montgomery,  Prince  George's,  Queen  Anne,  St.  Mary's, 
Somerset,  Talbot,  Washington,  Wicomicti.  and  Worcester. 

Vitien  and  Totcnt. — The  principol  cities  are  Baltimore, 
the  metropolis  (pop.  in  1880,332,313;  in  1890,434,439); 
Annapolis,  the  state  capital  (pop.  in  1890,  7604) ;  Cumber- 
land, on  the  upper  Potomac  (12,729);  Frederick,  the  western 
trade  centre  (8193) ;  Easton,  a  bishop's  see  and  a  busy  fruit 
mart  (2939):  Hagerstown,  in  the  mountain-region  (10,118); 
besides  Salisoury,  St.  Michael's,  Laurel,  EUicott  City,  Havre 
de  Grace,  Emmittsburg,  Cambridge,  Port  Deposit,  Elkton, 
Chesapeake  City,  Westminster,  Lonaconing,  Chostortown, 
Frostburg,  and  other  towns,  which,  if  not  populous,  are  in 
several  instances  centres  of  large  trade  and  considerable 
manufactures.  Some  of  these  towns  are  compactly  built 
and  have  very  populous  surroundings. 

Education. — The  Lancasterian  school  system,  introduced 
into  Baltimore  in  1820,  seems  to  have  been  the  germ  of  the 
public  school  system  of  that  city,  first  legally  established 
in  1827.  At  present  there  is  a  highly  encouraging  outlook 
for  the  cause  of  education  in  the  state,  public  education 
being  now  popular  with  all  classes.  It  is  under  state, 
county,  and  local  boards  and  superintendents.  Separate 
schools  are  maintained  for  colored  pupils.  There  is  a  state 
normal  school  at  Baltimore,  and  training-schools  elsewhere. 
Uigh  and  graded  schools  are  sustained  at  populous  places, 
and  the  academies  of  the  state  receive  public  aid.  There 
are  colleges  at  Frederick,  Chestertown,  Emmittsburg,  New 
Windsor,  Westminster,  Woodstock,  Annapolis,  EllicottCity, 
Ilchestcr,  and  other  points,  thirteen  in  total  number,  with- 
out including  the  Baltimore  City  College  (free),  the  nobly- 
endowed  Johns  Hopkins  University  at  Clinton,  near  Balti- 
more, the  si.\  female  colleges,  or  the  state  agricultural 
college.  Beference  should  here  be  made  to  the  United  States 
naval  academy  at  Annapolis ;  to  the  effective  system  of 
parochial  and  higher  schools  under  Koman  Catholic  aus- 
pices ;  to  the  numerous  orphanages  of  Baltimore,  and  her 
free  night  and  industrial  schools;  to  the  state  schools  for 
the  blind  and  for  deaf-mutes;  to  the  Maryland  Institute, 
where  the  fine  arts  and  the  sciences  arc  ably  taught;  and  to 
the  renowned  Peabody  Institute,  of  Baltimore. 

Government. — The  governor  is  chosen  for  a  term  of  four 
years.  The  general  assembly  consists  of  a  senate  and  a 
house  of  delegates.  The  justices  of  courts  are  elected  for 
fixed  terms  of  years.  Voters  must  have  resided  in  the  state 
1  year,  and  in  the  district  or  county  where  they  vote  6 
months.  The  state  sends  six  members  to  the  lower  house  of 
Congress,  and  has  8  electoral  votes. 

Hittory. — Maryland  was  colonized  in  1634  by  English 
Iloraan  Catholics  under  Leonard  Calvert,  a  brother  of  Lord 
Baltimore,  the  patentee  and  proprietor.  The  first  settle- 
ment under  the  patent  was  at  St.  Mary's.  In  1649  re- 
ligious toleration  was  enacted  for  members  of  all  Christian 
sects  and  churches,  excepting  those  who  deny  the  Trinity. 
For  many  years  tho  colony  was  vexed  by  contests  with  tur- 
bulent Puritan  settlers  and  others.  During  the  Kerolution, 
Maryland  and  her  troops  bore  very  gallant  and  conspicuous 
parts;  and  for  a  time  Annapolis  was  the  seat  of  the  Conti- 
nental Congress.  Here  Washington  resigned  his  command 
of  the  army  in  1783.  In  the  war  of  1812-15  the  battles 
of  Bladcnsburg  and  North  Point  and  the  bombardment  of 
Fort  McIIcnry  were  prominent  events.  Maryland  re- 
mained a  slave  state  until  the  final  abolishment  of  slavery 
In  the  United  States ;  but  she  did  not  follow  tho  Southern 


States  in  their  attempted  secession,  that  step  having  betB 
prevented  as  much  by  the  strength  of  the  Union  party  of 
the  state  as  by  the  presence  of  federal  troops.  The  buttiM 
of  Antietam  and  South  Mountain,  with  other  loss  iiDportant 
struggles,  occurred  \\\)on  her  soil.  Since  tho  war  there  bu 
boon  a  large  immigration  from  tho  North,  and  the  paacli- 
growing  and  market-gardening  industries  of  the  usttro 
Shore  have  been  immensely  developed. 

The  population  in  1660  was  12,000;  in  I67I,  20,000-  in 
1753,  154,188;  in  1790,319,728;  in  1800,  .3-11,548;  in  1810 
380,646;  in  1820,  407,350;  in  1830,  447,0-10;  in  184o' 
470,019;  in  1850,  583,034;  in  1860,  687,049,  of  whou! 
515,918  were  white,  83,941  free  colored,  and  87,189  sUtm- 
in  1870,  780,894;  in  1880.  934,943  ;  in  1890,  l,n43,.S90.    ' 

Mn'rylandf  the  easternmost  county  of  Liberia,  is 
Africa. 

Ma'ryland,  a  township  of  Ogle  co.,  111.  Pop.  1181. 
It  contains  Adeline. 

Alnryland,  a  post-hamlct  in  Lincoln  township,  Ogle 
CO.,  III.,  on  the  Chicago  &.  Iowa  Kailroad,  14  miles  ]N.W.  o( 
Oregon.     It  has  a  church. 

Maryland,  a  post-village  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Mary, 
land  township,  on  the  Albany  A  Susquehanna  Kailroad,  70 
miles  W.  of  Albany.  It  has  1  or  2  churches,  about  25i 
housos,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  The  township  con- 
tains a  larger  village,  named  Schcnevus,  and  a  pop.  of  236i. 

Maryland  Line,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md., 
2  miles  from  Freeland  Station,  and  36  miles  N.  of  Balti- 
more.    Pop.  about  150. 

Maryland  Line,  a  station  in  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  tba 
Philadelphia  A  Baltimore  Central  llailroad,  6  miles  S.W.  el 
Oxford. 

Ma'rylcbone,  or  Saint  Marylebone,  a  borough 
of  England,  co.  of  Middlesex,  forming  the  N.W.  quarter  of 
the  metropolis,  having  E.  the  borough  of  Finsbury,  andS. 
Westminster,  on  which  side  Oxford  street  forms  its  bonnd- 
ary.  The  borough  consists  mostly  of  elegant  streets,  very 
regularly  laid  out,  and  inhabited  by  many  wealthy  prirat* 
families;  and  it  comprises  the  Regent's  Park,  Portland 
Place,  the  upper  part  of  Regent  street.  Cavendish,  Port- 
man,  Manchester,  and  Fitzroy  Squares;  the  new  and  splen- 
did quarter  between  the  Regent's  and  Hyde  Parks,  the  Co- 
losseum, Princess's  Theatre,  Middlesex  llospitiil,  the  ter- 
minus of  the  Great  Western  Railway,  and  several  bandsomel 
churches.  It  has  2  parliamentary  divisions,  each  returning 
one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.     P.  (1891)  142,.S81. 

Ma'ryport,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Cumberland,  on 
the  Ellen,  at  its  mouth  in  the  Irish  Sea,  on  2  railways,  M 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Carlisle,  and  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  White- 
haven. It  is  well  built,  has  yards  for  ship-building,  some 
manufactures,  and  large  exports  of  coal  to  Scotland  lodj 
Ireland.    The  harbor  dries  at  low  water.    Pop.  (1891)  878-1. 1 

Marysburg,  mu'riz-biirg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Le  Saeorj 
CO.,  Minn.,  11  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Peter,  and  10  or  11  milei 
E.N.E.  of  Mankato.     It  has  a  church. 

Mary's  Creek,  Texas,  rises  in  Cook  co.,  and  flowi 
southeastward  into  Stewart's  Fork,  in  Tarrant  co. 

Mary's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Parker  co.,  Tex. 

Ma'rystown,  a  post-hamlet  in  Louisville  towuhip, 
Scott  CO.,  Minn.,  24  miles  S.W.  of  Minneapolis.  It  hM» 
church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Ma'rysvale,  a  post-office  of  Pi  Ute  oo.,  Utah. 

Ma'rysville,  a  handsome  post-town,  capital  of  Tnbt 
CO.,  Cal.,  is  situated  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Feather  River, 
on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Yuba  River  (about  1  uiilo  from  it* 
mouth),  and  on  the  Oregon  division  of  the  Central  I'aciCo 
Railroad,  40  miles  in  a  direct  line,  52  miles  by  railroad, 
and  70  miles  by  water  N.  of  Sacramento.  It  is  at  the  bead 
of  navigation,  and  has  an  extensive  trade.  It  contain!  8 
churches,  a  masonic  hall,  a  gr.aded  public  school,  a  public 
library,  a  convent,  3  banking-ofiiccs,  several  forwarding 
and  commission  houses,  gas-works,  an  iron-foundry,  a 
woollen-factory,  several  steam  flouring-mills,  Ac.  Two 
daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Gold 
is  the  chief  product  of  Yuba  co.  Steamboats  ply  daily 
between  this  place  and  Sacramento.     Pop.  in  189U,  39111. 

Marysville,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Ga. 

Marysville,  a  village  of  Vermilion  co..  111.,  in  Mid- 
dle Fork  township,  on  tho  Havana,  Rantoul  A  Eastern 
Railroad,  30  miles  E.  of  Rantoul,  and  20  miles  X.W.  of 
Danville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  new»- 
paper  office,  an  elevator,  a  fiouring-mill,  a  brick-yard,  il* 
Here  is  Potomac  Post-Office. 

Marysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clark  co.,  Ind.,  in  Ore- 
gon township,  on  the  Ohio  A  Mississippi  Railroad,  10  mile* 
N.  of  Charlestown.  _   . 

Marysville,  a  post- village  of  Marion  co.,  Iowa,  is  "> 


MAR 


177& 


MAS 


iborty  township,  in  n  valley,  on  or  near  Cedar  Creek, 
)OUt  60  miles  S.E.  of  Des  Moines.     It  has  2  churches,  a 
jwspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  a  woollin-mill,  and  a 
)ur-mill.     Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  260. 
Marysville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Marshall  co., 
ansas,  in  Marysville  township,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Big 
lue  River,  and  on  the  St.  Joseph  <fe  Denver  City  Railroad, 
.2  miles  W.  of  St.  Joseph,  Mo.,  and  40  miles  S.E.  of  Fair- 
iry.     It  has  a  bridge  across  the  river,  a  court-house,  a 
■aded  school,  a  bank,  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
luring-mill,   &c.     The   river   here   affisrds   water-power. 
)p.  in  1S90,  1913;  of  the  township,  additional,  656. 
Marysville,  or  Maryville,  a  township  of  Miami  oo., 
ansas.     Pop.  1296.     It  contains  Hillsdale. 
Marysville,  a  post-village  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  on 
e  river  St.  Clair,  6  miles  below  Port  Huron.     It  has  a 
lurch  and  3  saw-mills.     Pop.  about  250. 
Marysville,  a  township  of  Wright  co.,  Minn.  Pop.  818. 
Marysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Seward  co.,  Neb.,  10  miles 
.W.  of  Seward.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 
Marysville,  New  York.    See  Nelsonville. 
Marysville,  a  village  of  Mercer  co.,  0.,  in  Marion 
wnship,  17  miles  N.  of  Versailles.     It  has  a  church. 
Marysville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Union  co.,  0.,  in 
iris  township,  on  Mill  Creek,  and  on  the  railroad  which 
nnects  Delaware  with  Springfield,  17  miles  W.S.W.  of 
elaware,  and  about  28  miles  N.W.  of  Columbus.     It  con- 
ins  a  court-house,  3  banks,  a  graded  school,  5  churches, 
id  2  newspaper  offices,  and  has  manufactures  of  butter- 
,bs,  spokes,  <tc.     Pop.  in  1890,  2810. 
Marysville,  a  post-borough  of  Perry  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
isquehanna  River,  8  miles  above  Harrisburg,  and  on  the 
orthern  Central  Railroad  and  the  Pennsylvnnia  Railroad, 
.  miles  N.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  6  churches.  P.  about  1200. 
Marysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cook  co.,  Tex.,  50  miles 
.  of  Sherman.     It  has  several  churches. 
Marysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Campbell  co.,  Va.,  is  near 
B  Staunton  River,  and  about  24  miles  S.  of  Lynchburg, 
has  2  churches. 

Marysville,  Charlotte  co.,  Va.    See  Smithville. 
Ma'rysville,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  New  Bruns- 
ck,  on  the  Nashwaak  River,  4  miles  from  Fredericton. 
contains  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  number  of  hand- 
me  cottages.     Pop.  300. 

Marysville,  or  Tyendinaga,  ti^en-de-nah'ga,  apost- 
ilage  in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Rail- 
■ly,  34  miles  W.  of  Kingston.  Pop.  100. 
tMa'rytown,  a  post-office  of  Fond  du  Lao  co.,  AVis., 
ifont  18  miles  N.E.  of  Fond  du  Lac. 
iMaryville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Nodaway  co..  Mo., 
i!  the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  <fc  Council  Bluffs  Railroad, 
•|  miles  N.  of  St.  Joseph.  It  has  3  banks,  7  churches,  a 
linr-mill,  and  a  planing-mill.  Two  weekly  newspapers 
Jbpublished  here.  Pop.  in  1880,  3485;  in  1890,  4037. 
[Maryville,  or  Marysville,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
!|ount  CO.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Knoxville  &  Charleston  Railroad, 
J  miles  S.  of  Knoxville.  It  contains  7  churches,  a  news- 
•jper  office,  and  Maryville  College  (Presbyterian),  which 
•jTs  organized  in  1819,  and  the  Freedman's  College,  which 
iiunder  the  care  of  the  Friends.  It  has  3  flouring-niills, 
iaw-mills,  a  tannery,  and  a  woollen-factory.  Pop.  1800. 
IMarzameni,  maad-zi-mi'nee,  a  small  island  off  the 
Jp.  coast  of  Sicily,  21  miles  S.S.W.  of  Syracuse. 
Marzano,  maud-zi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
(feerta,  24  miles  E.N.E.  of  Gaeta.  Pop.  1400. 
JMas-A-Fuera,  mi,s-4-fwi'ra,,  a  rocky  island  in  the 
teific  Ocean,  belonging  to  Chili,  110  miles  W.  of  the  island 
(jJuan  Fernandez,  and  rising  to  2300  feet  above  the  ocean, 
lit.  33°  49'  S. ;  Ion.  80°  54'  30"  W.  It  is  about  10  miles 
ijcircumference. 

Masambcek,  or  Masambik.    See  Mozambique. 
Masanasa,  m3,-si-ni'sa,,  a  village  of  Spain,  province 
il  about  4  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Valencia.     Pop.  2225. 
Masar'dis,  a  post-township  of  Aroostook  co.,  Me.,  is 
aboth  sides  of  the  Aroostook  River,  about  44  miles  N.AV, 
Ollougbton.     Pop.  169. 

lUasatenango,  Guatemala.    See  M.\zatesango. 
Mas-a-Tierra  Island.    See  Juan  Fernandez. 
Masay.i,  ral-si'i,  a  town  of  Central  America,  state  and 
Smiles  N.AV.  of  Nicaragua,  at  the  foot  of  the  volcano  of 
Xisaya.     Pop.  10,000. 

Hasbach,  a  town  of  Bavaria.    See  Massbach. 
Masbate,  mls-bi'ti,  one  of  the  Philippine  Islands, 
May  Archipelago,  S.  of  Luzon,  and  W.  of  Samar.  Length, 
';in  E.  to  Av.,  about  70  miles ;  average  breadth,  20  miles. 
1  re  are  the  ports  of  Barreras  and  Catayugan. 
[tiasborough,  maz'biir-ruh,  a  suburb  of  Rotherham, 


I'orkshire,  England,  separated  from  the  town  proper  by  the 
river  Don.     Pop.  8091. 
Mascal,  Maskhal,m&s-k&r,  or  Mascal'ly,  an  island 

in  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  on  the  coast  of  the  Chittagong  dis- 
trict. It  is  15  miles  long,  and  has  a  village  called  Mascal. 
Lat.  21°  31'  15"  N.;  Ion.  91°  58'  E.  On  the  S.  is  Mascal 
Channel,  the  entrance  to  the  port  of  Cox's  Bazaar. 

Mascali,  mA.s-k&'lec,  a  town  of  Sicily,  near  the  sea,  13 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Catania,  near  the  foot  of  Mount  Etna. 
It  has  an  active  fishery,  and  trade  in  wine,  lime,  corn,  tim- 
ber, fruit,  and  lava.  Mascali  has  some  curious  antiquities. 
Pop.  6047. 

Mascalucia,  mls-kl-loo'chl,  a  town  of  Sicily,  5  miles 
N.  of  Catania,  on  the  E.  declivity  of  Mount  Etna.  Pop. 
3071.     It  suffered  severely  from  an  earthquake  in  1818. 

Mascara,  mis-ki^ri',  or  Victo'ria,  a  town  of  Algeria, 
province  and  45  miles  S.E.  of  Oran.  It  was  the  residence 
of  Abd-el-Kader,  and  was  taken  and  ruined  by  the  French 
in  1835.     Pop.  9240. 

Mascarene,  mas-ka-reen',  a  post-hamlet  of  Charlotte 
CO.,  New  Brunswick,  on  the  E.  side  of  Passamaquoddy 
Bay,  near  the  mouth  of  Magaguadavio  River,  7  miles  S.AV. 
of  St.  George.     Pop.  200. 

Mascarene  (mas-ka-reen')  Isles,  a  collective  name 
of  the  islands  of  Bourbon,  Mauritius,  and  Rodrigues,  in  the 
Indian  Ocean,  so  called  from  the  Portuguese  Mascarenhas, 
who  discovered  Bourbon  in  1545. 

Mascarene  Peninsula,  a  headland  in  Charlotte  co., 
New  Brunswick,  on  the  E.  side  of  Passamaquoddy  Bay. 

Mascat,  or  Mascate,  Arabia.    See  Muscat. 

Maschito,  mis-kce'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basilicata. 
S.E.  of  Melfi,     Pop.  3450. 

Masco'ma,  or  Masco'my,  a  small  river  of  Grafton 
CO.,  N.II.,  is  the  outlet  of  several  small  lakes,  one  of  which 
is  called  Mascoma  Pond.     It  enters  the  Connecticut  River. 

Mascouche  (mis'koosh')  Rapids,  a  post-village  in 
L'Assomption  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  Mascouche,  8  miles 
N.E.  of  Terrebonne.  It  contains  2  churches,  5  stores,  a 
tannery,  a  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  shingle-factory,  and 
has  a  trade  in  lumber,  flour,  grain,  and  potash.     Pop.  650. 

Mascou'tah,  a  post-town  of  St.  Clair  co..  111.,  on  the 
St.  Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  11  miles  E.  by  S.  of 
Belleville,  and  26  miles  E.S.E.  of  St.  Louis.  It  contains  a 
graded  school,  6  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  a  steam 
flouring-mill.     Coal  is  mined  near  this  place.     Pop.  2790. 

Mas  de  Azil,  mis  di  3,'zeel',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Ariege,  12  miles  W.S.AY.  of  Pamicrs.     Pop.  1278. 

Mas  de  las  Matas,  mhs  di  Us  mi'tJls,  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  of  Tcruel.     Pop.  1815. 

Masenia,  m&-si'n?-!ll,  or  Mascna,  mi-sin'yi,  a 
walled  town  of  Africa,  capital  of  Baghirmi,  100  miles  S.E. 
of  Lake  Chad.  It  is  fairly  well  constructed  on  very  rough 
ground,  has  a  brick  palace  for  the  sultan,  and  is  a  ])lace  of 
considerable  trade,  but  is  decaying  on  account  of  its  ex- 
treme unhealthiness. 

Mash'ani,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  North 
Riding,  on  the  Ure,  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Richmond. 

Masham  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Ottawa  co.,  Quebec, 
28  miles  N.A7.  of  Ottawa.     Pop.  150. 

3Iash^apaug',  a  post-hamlet  in  Union  township,  Tol- 
land CO.,  Conn.,  about  36  miles  E.N.E.  of  Hartford.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  shoes. 

Mashe'na,  a  walled  town  of  Africa,  in  Bornoo,  130 
miles  N.E.  of  Kano.     Pop.  10,000. 

Mashku'dens  Lake,  Minnesota,  is  in  Itasca  co.,  and 
is  about  8  miles  N.  of  the  Mississippi  River.  Length, 
nearly  10  miles.  An  outlet  issues  from  its  S.  end  and  runs 
into  the  Mississippi  River. 

Mashow,  ma^show',  or  Massao,  mas'sSw',  a  town  of 
Africa,  Bechuana  country,  115  miles  N.E.  of  Lattakoo. 

Mash'pee,  or  Marsh'pee,  a  post-township  of  Barn- 
stable CO.,  Mass.,  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean, 
about  25  miles  E.  of  New  Bedford.  It  has  long  been  a 
reservation  for  the  Mashpee  Indians.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  278. 

Mash^rak',  a  town  of  the  Sarun  district,  Bengal,  about 
28  miles  N.  of  Chuprah.     Pop.  3906. 

Mashu'laville,  a  post-village  of  Noxubee  co.,  Miss., 
12  miles  AV.  of  Macon,  and  about  37  miles  S.AV.  of  Columbus. 
It  has  2  churches  and  2  stores. 

Masi,  mi'see,  a  village  of  Italy,  28  miles  S.A7.  of 
Padua,  on  the  Adige.     Pop.  2214. 

Masino,  a  village  of  Italy.    See  Miasino. 

Masio,  mi'se-o,  a  village  of  Italy,  2  miles  from  Ovi. 
glio,  on  the  Tanaro.     Pop.  of  commune,  2983. 

Masius  Mons,  Asia  Minor.     See  Kaua-Daqh. 

Maskat,  Arabia.    See  Muscat. 


MAS 


1780 


MAS 


Maskegon  River.    See  Muskeoon  River. 

Maskhal,  Ucngal.    See  Mascal. 

Maskinonge,  moa^ko-nSnj',  a  river  of  Berthler  oo., 
Qaebeo,  rises  in  Lake  Mnakinonge,  and  flows  S.S.E.  into 
the  St.  Lawrence.  About  8  miles  from  its  mouth  are  the 
Great  Rapids,  where  there  is  a  fall  of  more  than  300  feet. 

MaKkinonge,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Quoboo,  hav- 
ing Lake  St.  Peter,  an  expansion  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  for 
its  S.E.  boundary.  Area,  3200  square  miles.  The  N.AV. 
part  is  drained  by  the  Ontineau  and  Du  Liftvre  Rivers  and 
some  of  their  tributaries,  and  the  S.W.  part  by  the  Maski- 
D<mgo  and  Du  Loup  Rivers  and  other  streams.  Capital, 
Rividre  du  Loup  on  Haut.    Pop.  15,079. 

Maskinonge,  a  post-village  in  Maskinonge  co.,  Que- 
bec, on  tlie  St.  Lawrence,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Throe  Rivers. 
It  contains  several  stores.     Pop.  250. 

Maskinonge  Bridge.    See  Poxt  de  Maskinoxge. 

Masmiinster,  the  German  name  of  Massevatix. 

Masuou,  mfl,s-noo'  (?),  a  village  of  Spain,  10  miles  from 
Barcelona,  on  the  railway  to  Mataro.     Pop.  3894. 

Ma'son,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Illinois,  has 
an  area  of  about  560  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
X.W.  by  the  Illinois  River,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  Sangamon 
River,  which  enters  the  Illinois  at  the  S.W.  extremity  of 
the  county,  and  by  Salt  Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level. 
A  large  part  of  it  is  prairie.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  oats,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  has  beds  of  bituminous  coal.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Jacksonville  Southeastern,  Illinois  Central,  and 
Fulton  County  Narrow  Gauge  Railroads,  and  the  Jackson- 
ville division  of  the  Chicago  k  Alton  Railroad.  Capital, 
Havana.  Pop.  in  1870,  16,184;  in  1880,  16,242:  in  1890, 
16,067. 

Mason,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Kentucky,  has  an 
area  of  about  225  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  the  Ohio  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  North  Fork  of 
Licking  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating.  The 
soil  is  deep  and  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  tobacco,  wheat, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed 
by  the  Kentucky  Central  and  Chesapeake  <k  Ohio  Railroads. 
Capital,  Maysville.  Pop.  in  1870, 18,126;  in  1880,  20,469; 
in  1890,  20,773. 

Mason,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Michigan,  has  an 
area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W. 
by  Lake  Michigan,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Marquette  and 
Grand  Sable  Rivers.  The  surface  is  mostly  covered  with 
forests  of  pine,  sugar-maple,  and  other  trees.  Lumber  is 
the  chief  article  of  export.  The  soil  produces  cereal  grains, 
potatoes,  <fcc.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Flint  & 
Pere  Marquette,  Mason  &  Oceana,  and  Manistee  k  L'uther 
Railroads.  Capital,  Ludington.  Pop.  in  1870,  3263;  in 
1880,  10,065;  in  1890,  16,385. 

Mason,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
area  of  about  960  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  bj-  the 
Llano  and  San  Saba  Rivers.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  un- 
dulating. The  soil  produces  pasture  for  a  large  number  of 
cattle,  which  are  the  chief  articles  of  export.  Capital, 
Mason.     Pop.  in  1870,  678;  in  1880,  2655;  in  1890,  5180. 

Mason,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Washington,  has 
an  area  of  about  996  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  Hood's  Canal  and  Puget  Sound,  and  on  the  W.  by 
the  Pacific  Ocean.  It  is  partly  drained  by  the  Satsop  and 
Skokomish  Rivers.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  moun- 
tains or  hills  and  extensive  forests.  Lumber  is  one  of  the 
chief  articles  of  export.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Washington  Southern  Railroad,  which  connects  with  Shel- 
t«n.  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  289 ;  in  1880,  639 ;  in  1890, 
2826. 

Mason,  a  county  in  the  W,  part  of  West  Virginia,  bor- 
ders on  the  state  of  Ohio.  Area,  about  440  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  N.  and  W.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  inter- 
sected by  the  Great  Kanawha  River,  which  enters  the  Ohio 
in  this  county.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  nearly  half  of  it 
is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  potatoes,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  has  beds  of  coal  and  valuable  salt  springs. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  Kanawha  k  Michigan  division  of 
the  Ohio  Central  Railroad,  and  by  the  Ohio  River  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Point  Pleasant.  Pop.  in  1870,  15,978;  in 
1880,  22,293;  in  1890,  22,863. 

Mason,  a  post-village  of  Effingham  co.,  III.,  in  Mason 
township,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  12  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Effingham,  and  about  28  miles  E.  of  Vandal ia.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  money-order  post-office.  Pop.  600 ;  of 
the  township  (1890),  1595. 

Mason,  a  township  of  Cerro  Gordo  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
447,  exclusive  of  Mason  City. 


Mason,  a  township  of  Taylor  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  7io. 

^  Mason,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  bin. 
oinnati  Southern  Railroad,  40  miles  S.  of  Cincinnati  0.  It 
has  2  churches.  * 

Mason,  a  township  of  Oxford  oo.,  Me.    Pop.  127. 

Mason,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Indiana 
line.     Pop.  851. 

Mason,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ingham  co.,  Mich, 
in  Vevay  township,  on  Sycamore  Creek,  and  on  the  Jack! 
son,  Lansing  A  Saginaw  Railroad,  25  miles  N.  of  Jookton 
and  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lansing.  It  contains  a  court-honw' 
2  banks,  4  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  union  school! 
house  which  cost  $20,000,  a  foundry,  a  oarriage-faotorr,  % 
sash-factory,  2  flour-mills,  a  cheese-factory,  and  2  la'w 
mills.     Pop.  in  1890.  1876. 

Mason,  a  township  of  Marion  co..  Mo.  Pop.  600,  ax- 
elusive  of  Hannibal. 

Mason,  a  post-village  of  Hillsborough  oo.,  N.II.,  in 
Mason  township,  on  the  Peterborough  k  Shirley  Dranoh  of 
the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Aycr,  Mass.,  «nd 
about  18  miles  W.  of  Nashua.  It  has  a  church,  a  lumber- 
mill,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1364. 

Mason,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.    Pop.  1884. 

Mason,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  0.,  in  Deerfin  i 
township,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Lebanon,  and  about  22  milei 
N.N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  8  churches  and  a  carriaee- 
factory.     Pop.  387. 

Mason,  a  post-office  of  Venango  oo..  Pa.,  5  miles  N.  of 
Franklin. 

Mason,  a  post-village  of  Tipton  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Louisville  k  Memphis  Railroad,  36  miles  N.E.  of  Memphis. 
It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  about  300. 

Mason,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Mason  co.,  Tex,,  abont 
110  miles  W.N.W.  of  Austin  City.  It  has  3  churches. 
Pop.  about  600. 

Mason,  a  post-village  of  Mason  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  opposite  Pomeroy,  0.  It  has  5  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  boat-yard,  and  manufactures  of  salt  and 
bromine.     Coal  is  found  here.     Pop.  1182. 

Mason  and  Dixon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co., 
Pa.,  at  State  Line  Station  on  the  Cumberland  Valley  Rail- 
road, 16  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Chambersburg. 

Ma'sonborough,  a  township  of  New  Hanover  co., 
N.C.    Pop.  541. 

Mason  City,  a  town  of  Mason  co.,  III.,  in  Mason  Cily 
township,  on  the  Chicago  k  Alton  Railroad  where  it  crcsiej 
the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  k  Western  Railroad,  IS 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Lincoln,  and  about  30  miles  N.  of 
Springfield.  It  contains  a  national  bank,  1  other  banking- 
house,  a  carriage-factory,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  4 
churches.  A  large  quantity  of  corn  is  shipped  here.  Pop. 
1615;  of  the  township,  2387. 

Mason  City,  an  incorporated  town,  capital  of  Cerro 
Gordo  CO.,  Iowa,  in  Mason  township,  on  Lime  Creek,  and 
on  tho  Central  Railroad  of  Iowa  where  it  crosses  the  Iowa 
<fc  Dakota  division  of  tho  Chicago,  Milwaukee  k  St.  I'aul 
Railroad.  It  is  88  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Marshalltown,  40 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Austin,  Minn.,  and  27  miles  W.  by  N. 
of  Charles  City.  It  has  2  banks,  5  churches,  a  school- 
building  which  cost  $30,000,  3  newspaper  offices,  2  flouring- 
mills,  and  a  pottery.     Pop.  in  1890,  4007. 

Masone,  mi-so'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Genoa,  3  miles  from  Campofreddo.    Pop.  of  commune,  2632. 

Mason  Island,  a  small  island  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Oal- 
way,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Clifdcn. 

Mason  Plains,  a  township  of  Mason  co..  111.  Pop. 
800.     It  contains  Forest  City. 

Mason  River,  Illinois,  a  little  stream  which  falls  into 
the  Illinois  River  opposite  to  Morris,  in  Grundy  co. 

Mason's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Roanoke  co.,  Va.,  i 
miles  from  Salem.     It  has  a  church. 

Masons  Hall,  a  hamlet  of  Obion  co.,  Tenn.,  5  miles 
from  Kenton.     It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  2  stores. 

Mason  Springs,  a  station  of  Harrison  co.,  Tex.,  on; 
the  Texas  k  Pacific  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Longview. 

Ma'sontown,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  I^a.,  in  Ger- 
man township,  1  mile  from  the  Monongahela  River,  and 
about  45  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2  churches  and  » 
distillery.     Pop.  about  400. 

Mason  Town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Preston  co.,  W.  Va, 
14  miles  W.  of  Morgantown.     It  has  a  church. 

Mason  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Benton  co..  Ark. 

Mason  Valley,  Nevada.     See  Gkernfield. 

Ma'sonville,  a  post-village  in  Coffin's  Grove  township, 
Delaware  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Dubuque  k  Sioux  City  or  Illi- 
nois Central  Railroad,  54  miles  W.  of  Dubuque.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  graded  school,  2  hotels,  and  2  grain-elcvaton. 


MAS 


1781 


MAS 


asonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Daviess  oo.,  Ky.,  8  miles 
E.  of  Owensborough.     It  has  2  churches. 
Jasonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delta  co.,  Mich.,  in  Ma- 
.villo  township,  on  the  Little  Bay  de  Noquet,  6  miles  E. 
bay's  River  Station,  and  about  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Es- 
aba.     It  has  2  lumber-mills.     Pop.  of  township,  170. 
Ilasonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  on 
railroad  which  connects  Camden  with  Mount  Holly,  14 
es  E.  of  Camden.     It  has  a  church. 
._nsonville)  a  post-village  in  Masonville  township, 
ilawaro  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Bennett's  Creek,  about  30   miles 
.B.  of  Binghamton,  and  6  miles  S.  of  Sidney  Plains, 
has  3  churches.     Its  staple  products  are  butter  and 
ese.     Pop.  200;  of  the  township,  1660. 
dasonvillc,  a  post-hamlet  of  Accomack  co.,  Va.,  12 
les  E.  of  Crisfield,  Md. 
AInsovia,  Poland.    See  AYarsaw. 
iWas'peth,  a  post- village  in  Newtown  township,  Queens 
i,  N.Y.,  IJ  miles  from  Winfield  Junction,  and  about  6 
itles  E.  of  New  York.     It  has  3  churches,  and  manufac- 
Ires  of  ropes  and  oil-cloth. 
iUassa,  Italy.    See  Massa  di  Carrara,  Massa-Ltj- 

tetzE,  Massa  Mauitima,  etc. 
assa  and  Carrara.    See  Massa  b  Carrara. 
JMas^sabe'sic,  a  station  in  Rockingham  co.,  N.H.,  on 
lb  Concord  &  Portsmouth  Railroad,  4  miles  E.N.E.  of 
iknchcster. 

pMas'sac,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Illinois,  borders  on 
Bntucky.    Area,  about  230  square  miles.     It  is  bounded 
ij  the  S.W.  by  the  Ohio  River.     The  surface  is  undulating 
i  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests,  in 
[lich  the  oak,  ash,  cypress,  hickory,  elm,  maple,  and  tulip- 
fee  abound.     It  is  partly  occupied  with  cypress  swamps, 
ie  soil  is  mostly  fertile.     Wheat,  Indian  corn,  and  to- 
llcco  are  the  staple  products.     Carboniferous  limestone  un- 
tlies  part  of  the  county,  which  is  traversed  by  the  St. 
uis,  Alton  <fc  Terre  Haute  Railroad.    Capital,  Metropolis 
y.    Pop.  in  1870,  9581;  in  1880, 10,443 ;  in  1890,  11,313. 
(Massac  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Massac  oo.,  111.,  22 
les  S.E.  of  Vienna.     It  has  2  churches.     P.  (1880)  413. 
assachusetts,  mas-sa-chu'scts,  one  of  the  Eastern  or 
w  England  states,  and  one  of  the  original  thirteen  states 
the  American  Union,  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Vermont 
fl  New  Hampshire,  E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  S.  by  the 
antic  Ocean  and  by  Pthode  Island  and  Connecticut,  and 
by  Rhode  Island  and  New  York.     There  are  several 
ijlnds  within  the  state  limits  (Nantucket,  Martha's  Vine- 
d,  Elizabeth  Islands,  <fec.);  and  in  the  S.E.  the  penin- 
i  of  Cape  Cod  extends  into  the  sea,  forming  Cape  Cod 
,  and,  from  its  shape,  is  sometimes  called  the  "  right 
ifn  of  the  commonwealth."     Area,  8315  square  miles,  of 
ich  the  land  area  is  8040  square  miles,  or  5,145,600  acres, 
el  the  water  surface  275  square  miles. 
Face  of  the  Country. — In  the  extreme  W.,  between  the 
Sf.rp  and  somewhat  precipitous  elevation  of  the  Taconic 
Il'untains   and    the   more    eastward   parallel   and    much 
■vler  range  of  the  Iloosac  and  Green  Mountains  proper, 
etends   the   beautiful    Berkshire  Valley,   containing   the 
ners  Housatonio  and  Iloosac,  which  flow  S.  and  N.  re- 
s  ctively.    Eastward  we  cross  the  Green  Mountain  region, 
tf   most  of  which   atfords   good   pasturage   and   is   well 
nkpted  to  the  dairy-business,  to  stock-raising,  and  to  gen- 
el  agriculture.     East  of  this  belt  lies  the  valley  of  the 
(pnecticut  River,  one  of  the  most  fertile  and  beautiful 
rfions  in  the  world.     The  western  slope  of  the   broken 
a|l  hilly  country  E.  of  the  Connecticut  Valley  affords  some 
e|iellent  farming  tracts,  but  portions  of  its  surface  are  ex- 
cidingly  rocky,  and  others  have  a  stubborn,  cold,  and  un- 
flductive  soil.     When  the  eastern  slope  of  these  hills  is 
robed,  we  find  a  tract  which,  though  not  naturally  fer- 
t ,  has,  under  skilful  culture,  developed  generous  quali- 


i  annotbe  called  a  fertile  region,  except  in  certain  limited 
I  tions.  This  part  of  the  state  abounds  in  shallow  lakes, 
umy  of  which,  especially  those  upon  Cape  Cod,  have  no 
cmcction  with  the  sea,  but  are  filled  with  very  pure  fresh 
veer.  This  S.E.  section  abounds  in  swamps,  which  produce 
Blch  cedar  timber ;  and  here  the  cranberry  is  profitably 
g  wn  upon  a  very  largo  scale.  The  salt  marshes,  which 
eend  along  a  part  of  the  eastern  coast  of  Massachusetts, 
a>rd  much  hay,  of  which  the  quality  is  often  very  good. 
3:3  highest  elevation  in  the  state  is  Greylock  (3500  feet), 
i  the  N.W.  Berkshire  co.  has  at  least  six  other  peaks 
feeding  2000  feet  in  height,  but  no  others  reaching  3000 
f  i    E.  of  tho  Gonnecti,cut  River  the  highest  point  i?  Mt. 


Wachusett,  a  detached  elevation  in  Worcester  co.  Other 
noteworthy  elevations  are  Mt.  Everett,  in  ihe  S.W.  (2094 
feet),  and  Mts.  Tom,  Nonotuck,  Ilolyoke,  Sugar  Loaf,  and 
Metawampe  and  Pocumtuck,  in  the  Connecticut  Valley, 
none  of  which  attain  any  considerable  height,  although 
they  have  for  the  most  part  steep  and  even  precipitous  sides. 

Geology  and  Minerals. — The  surface  of  Massachusetts  is 
largely  overlaid  with  drift  materials,  and  the  underlying 
rocks  show  quite  generally  strong  marks  of  glacial  action. 
Most  of  tho  state's  area  is  of  azoic  or  primitive  formation 
The  extreme  W.  is  Silurian,  and  just  W.  of  the  Connectieui 
River  another  Silurian  belt  crosses  the  state  from  N.  to  S. 
The  immediate  valley  of  tho  Connecticut  is  mainly  triassic, 
abounding  in  ichnolites  and  other  interesting  fossils.  To 
the  N.  and  N.E.  of  Worcester  there  is  another  Silurian 
field,  extending  into  New  Hampshire;  and  in  the  vicinity 
of  Boston,  and  southwestward,  there  is  another  irregular 
area  of  similar  geologic  character.  Most  of  the  Silurian 
strata  are  highly  metamorphic.  The  same  is  true  of  the 
carboniferous  strata  of  the  state.  These  strata  are  a  north- 
eastward continuation  of  the  Rhode  Island  coal-field.  Coal 
has  been  wrought  to  some  extent  at  Mansfield,  AVrenthara, 
Raynham,  and  elsewhere;  but  its  deposits  are  irregular 
and  its  character  is  semi-graphitic.  All  the  Massachusetts 
coals  thus  far  found  are  of  the  anthracite  class,  exceedingly 
hard,  and  igniting  with  great  difficulty,  and  they  cannot 
be  mined  with  profit,  except  for  certain  special  uses.  In 
the  AV.  part  of  Martha's  Vineyard  there  is  an  interesting 
fossiliferous  tract  of  miocene  age;  and  the  Cape  Cod  region 
is  post-tertiary.  Tho  principal  rock-formations  of  Mas- 
sachusetts are  of  gneissoid  character,  with  occasioniil  dikes 
of  true  granite.  This  is  largely  quarried,  as  at  Rockport, 
Graniteville,  Monson,  Fall  River,  <fec.,  and  is  an  important 
article  of  export.  The  handsome  dark  Quincy  granite  is 
properly  a  syenite.  The  marbles  and  limestones  of  Berkshire 
are  extensively  wrought  for  building-stone  and  for  lime- 
burners'  use.  Tho  Connecticut  Valley  affords  a  handsome 
brown  sandstone.  Soapstone  (Andover),  graphite  (Stur- 
bridge),  ochre  (Gay  Head),  emery  (Chester),  feldspar,  pot- 
ter's clay,  and  mica  are  among  the  other  mineral  products 
of  economic  value.  Iron  ore  of  the  best  quality  is  mined 
and  smelted  in  Berkshire  co.  The  lakes  of  Plymouth  and 
Bristol  cos.  contain  interesting  deposits  of  limonite,  for- 
merly utilized  in  the  manufacture  of  iron.  Quartz-sand 
for  glass-makers'  use  is  a  product  of  Berkshire.  Lead  has 
been  mined  in  Mount  Tom  (Easthampton).  Small  quanti- 
ties of  gold  and  copper  are  discovered  along  the  Green 
Mountains.  At  Newburyport  there  are  rich  and  apparently 
important  ores  of  silver  (argentiferous  galena)  mined  to 
some  extent.  Lead  ores  are  reported  from  Boxford  and  other 
points  in  Essex  co.  Mounts  Ilolyoke,  Nonotuck,  and  Tom 
are  parts  of  a  remarkably  precipitous  barrier  of  trap  rock, 
through  which  the  Connecticut  River  has  burst  its  way. 
The  mineral  waters  of  Great  Barrington,  AVilliamstown, 
Hopkinton,  Shutesbury,  Amherst,  Pelham,  Hawley,  An- 
dover, Winehendon,  Ac,  have  more  or  loss  local  reputation 
in  the  treatment  of  disease.  • 

Coast-line,  Harbors,  Hivers,  &c. — At  the  N.E.  angle  of 
the  state  is  Salisbury  Beach,  a  well-known  summer  resort. 
At  Newburj-port  the  Merrimac  River  reaches  the  sea,  but 
at  its  mouth  there  is  a  bad  and  shifting  bar,  which  im- 
pedes commerce.  The  Merrimac  is  a  navigable  tidal  stream 
as  far  as  H.iverhill,  and  largo  sums  of  money  are  being 
expended  to  render  it  navigable  above  that  point.  It  fur- 
nishes extensive  water-power  at  Lowell  and  Lawrence,  and 
at  Nashua  and  Manchester,  N.H.  Plum  Island  is  remark- 
able as  being  the  northernmost  of  those  sand-sptts  so 
characteristic  of  our  Atlantic  coast.  Cape  Ann  is  a  bold 
and  rocky  promontory,  whose  inhabitants  are  largely  en- 
gaged in  the  fisheries  (as  at  Gloucester)  and  in  granite- 
quarrying.  Massachusetts  Bay,  which  once  gave  its  name  to 
the  province,  terminates  in  the  noble  harbor  of  Boston  ;  and 
along  its  shores  there  are  other  harbors  at  Beverly,  Salcui, 
and  Marblehoad.  Cape  Cod  Bay  affords  harbors  for  small 
vessels  at  Plymouth,  Sandwich,  Barnstable,  Yarmouth, 
and  Wellfleet.  Provincetown  is  on  Cape  Cod  Harbor,  an 
important  port  of  refuge.  On  the  outside  of  Cape  Cod,  tho 
principal  ports  are  at  Chatham,  Hyannis,  Cotuit,  and 
Wood's  IIoll.  The  chief  island  harbors  are  at  Nantucket, 
Edgartown,  and  Vineyard  Haven,  the  latter  an  important 
port  of  refuge.  Buzzard's  Bay  has  several  harbors,  among 
which  that  of  New  Bedford  is  the  principal.  Fall  River 
and  Taunton  are  on  navigable  waters,  and  the  former  ]»laeo 
is  accessible  for  large  vessels.  The  Connecticut  River  has 
been  dammed  at  Turner's  Falls  and  Holyoke,  and  furnishes 
immense  water-power.  The  Merrimac,  Housatonic,  Iloosac, 
Doerfield,  Mill,  Westfield,  Miller's,  Chicopee,  Ware,  Swift, 


MAS 


1782 


MAS 


Nashua,  Blaokstone,  Concord,  Assabet,  Shswiheon,  Spioket, 
PowoiT,  NemaAkot,  and  Taunton  Rirera,  and  oountlMS 
nnallor  stream*,  afford  water-power,  which  is  very  exten- 
sivoljr  utiliiod.  The  Connecticut,  Merrimao,  and  some  of 
the  smaller  streams  have,  in  their  seasons,  important  fish- 
erioa  of  shad  and  alewives,  and  many  smelts  are  taken  in 
■ome  of  the  stroitms. 

Climate,  Public  Health,  <frc. — ^Tho  winters  of  Massachu- 
setts are  severe,  and  at  all  times  of  the  year  the  climatic 
changes  are  liable  to  be  sudden  and  extreme.  The  preva- 
lence of  chilling  B.  winds  along  the  coast  is  a  remarkable 
feature.  Pulmonary  consumption  is  a  severe  scourge  of 
the  population,  especially  in  places  where  the  soil-moisturo 
is  excessive.  The  rainfall  is  copious,  and  severe  droughts 
are  uncommon.  Neither  cholera  nor  intermittent  fevers 
have  ever  prevailed  in  Massachusetts  to  any  noteworthy 
extent;  but  in  the  inland  distriets  autumnal  and  typhoidal 
fievers  occur,  sometimes  assuming  an  epidemie  character. 
Most  of  the  other  recorded  epidemics  have  been  of  influenza, 
diphtheria,  cerebro-spinal  meningitis,  or  of  some  one  of  the 
ordinary  eruptive  and  contagious  fevers. 

Foreitt. — The  amount  of  woodland  is  large  for  a  state  so 
densely  peopled,  and  is  increasing  with  the  rapid  substitu- 
tion of  manufacturing  in  the  place  of  agricultural  occupa- 
tion, a  change  which  has  left  many  of  the  hill-towns  with 
a  very  scanty  population.  The  W.  counties  furnish  birch 
and  maple  timber  for  chair-stuff,  and  beech  for  tool-making; 
in  the  central  region  much  chestnut  timber  is  cut  for  fencing, 
railroad-ties,  joinery,  <fcc. ;  and  the  S.E.  affords  hard  and 
white  pine  and  cedar,  largely  cut  for  the  general  lumber- 
trade,  for  box-making,  Ac.  Much  oif  the  waste  land  of  the 
state  is  covered  with  copse-wood,  which  is  frequently  cut 
over,  with  profit,  for  fuel,  Ac.  The  state  has  considerable 
oak,  ash,  and  hickory  timber  of  great  value;  and  bounties 
have  of  late  been  offered  for  the  planting  of  timber  trees 
upon  lands  unfit  for  agriculture. 

Agricultural  Retourcet. — Although  the  soil  of  Massachu- 
setts is  accounted  in  general  somewhat  sterile,  the  census 
and  United  States  agricultural  reports  show  that,  taken  acre 
for  acre,  her  cultivated  lands  rank  with  the  very  best  on 
the  continent  for  productiveness.  On  the  other  hand,  the 
amount  of  labor  required  per  acre  for  each  crop  undoubtedly 
much  exceeds  what  is  needed  on  the  Western  prairies ;  and  no 
small  amount  of  energy,  intelligence,  and  business  capacity 
is  requisite  in  order  to  make  farming  profitable.  Besides, 
there  is  much  absolutely  waste  land  in  the  state,  fit  prin- 
cipally for  copse-woods,  or  at  best  for  pasturage;  and  the 
area  of  abandoned  farm-lands  is  fast  increasing,  especially 
in  the  hill-country  of  Western  Massachusetts,  whence  town 
life  and  Western  agriculture  have  drawn  away  thousands  of 
the  rural  inhabitants.  But  the  beautiful  and  easily-culti- 
vated Connecticut  Valley  is  hardly  excelled  in  fertility  by  any 
region  in  the  world ;  and  even  its  outlying  elevated  sandy 
plains  (Westfield,  Chicopee,  Granby,  Ac.)  arc  admirably 
easy  of  culture  and  give  remunerative  crops.  In  Berk- 
shire much  of  the  soil  is  generous,  and  well  adapted  to 
dairying  and  general  agriculture.  Western  Franklin  co. 
makes  a  specialty  of  live-stock  and  butter;  the  Connecticut 
Valley,  oi  tobacco,  broom-corn,  and  the  cereals ;  North- 
western Worcester  co.,  of  cheese  and  butter;  Essex  and 
Norfolk,  of  market-garden  products ;  Middlesex,  of  gar- 
den products  and  milk.  Hay  and  forage  crops  are 
everywhere  important  productions.  The  northeastern 
counties,  where  agriculture  is  stimulated  by  the  presence 
of  many  large  manufacturing  towns,  have  made  important 
advances  in  thorough  and  profitable  farming.  Near  the 
coast  Ihe  salt  marshes,  hitherto  useful  for  their  coarse  hay 
only,  have  been  diked  in  a  few  instances  and  promise  to 
become  excellent  farming-lands.  The  state  has  not  for 
many  years  raised  food  enough  for  her  own  consumption. 

Manu/nclures  constitute  by  far  the  most  important  in- 
dustrial interest  of  Massachusetts,  and  her  large  towns  are 
all  busy  seats  of  productive  enterprises  of  this  kind.  Bos- 
ton is  not  only  the  centre  of  the  American  boot-,  shoe-,  and 
leather-  and  wool-trades,  but  she  has  within  herself  a  large 
and  varied  manufacturing  industry.  Boots  and  shoes  are 
made  extensively  at  Haverhill,  Lynn,  Brockton,  Milford, 
Marlborough,  Holbrook,  Danvers,  Reading,  Hopkinton,  and 
many  other  towns ;  leather  at  Peabody,  Ac. ;  cotton  goods 
at  Fall  River,  Lowell,  Adams,  Lawrence,  Pittsfield,  Chico- 
pee, Holyoke,  Ac;  paper  at  Holyoke,  Lee,  Northampton, 
Ac. ;  woollens  at  Lawrence,  Lowell,  Holyoke,  and  else- 
where; iron  and  other  metallic  goods  and  machinery  at 
Worcester,  Taunton,  Fitohburg,  Springfield ;  while  New 
Bedford,  Newburyport,  Salem,  Chelsea,  Andover,  North 
Andover,  Amosbury,  Woburn,  Easton,  Waltham,  Everett, 
Wakefield,   Rooklani,   Middleborough,  Townsend,   Ayer, 


Maynard,  Attleborough,  Qrafton,  Clinton,  Spencer,  Ltiett- 
ter.  Turner's  Falls,  Atliol,  Gardner,  Millers  Falls,  8ho|. 
burne  Falls,  Wosttield,  Florence,  and  iiumy  other  muu- 
facturing  towns  employ  numerous  hands  and  much  capital  in 
a  great  variety  of  industrial  pursuiu.  Prominent  aioong 
these  is  the  manufacture  of  nails,  tacks,  stoves,  gla«iw»re 
linseed  and  fish  oil,  fertilizers,  hats,  clothing,  scrowi  wirs 
goods,  boxes,  cooperage,  rattan-,  willow-,  and  basket-work 
chairs  and  other  furniture,  shoe-thread,  sowing-eilk  tni 
cotton,  jute  and  other  bags  and  bagging,  carpets,  chemioalt 
medicines,  soaps,  musical  instruments,  rum,  refined  sunr' 
cutlery,  fire-arms,  brick,  printed  cloths,  jewelry,  imtii 
wares,  straw  goods,  shovels,  and  tinware.  The  pork-pockini; 
business  and  its  accessory  pursuits  are  at  present  largely 
carried  on  in  and  near  Boston.  Ship-building  is  oarried 
on  mainly  at  Boston,  Newburyport,  and  Essex. 

Commerce. — In  the  India,  China,  and  African  trade  the 
former  pre-eminence  of  Boston,  Salem,  and  Newburyport 
has  much  declined,  absolutely  as  well  as  relatively,  although 
Boston  retains  a  good  share  of  each.  The  principal  leii. 
ports  do  a  large  coasting-business,  both  eastward  and  south. 
ward;  and  the  construction  of  railroad  lines  and  grain- 
elevators  has  given  Boston  a  large  export-trade  to  Europe 
in  addition  to  her  former  extensive  business  in  that  Hoc. 
The  exports  are  largely  grain,  cattle,  fiour,  boef,  pork,  and 
other  raw  materials  from  the  West,  with  ice,  granite,  and 
the  manufactured  goods  of  the  state;  the  imports  are  wool 
hides,  rags,  European  wares,  and  the  raw  ]>roductioni  of  j 
tropical  lands,  besides  fish,  fire-wood,  eggs,  gypsum,  pota- 
toes, and  coal  from  the  eastern  provinces  of  Canada.  By 
railroad  and  the  coasting-trade  Massachusetts  imports  the 
products  of  almost  every  state  and  territory  in  the  Union,  i 
returning  her  own  manufactured  goods.  The  ports  of  entry 
are  Boston,  Barnstable,  Fall  River,  Gloucester,  Marble- 
head,  New  Bedford,  Newburyport,  Plymouth,  and  Salem. 
For  the  year  1888-89  the  direct  imports  through  the  state's 
seaports  amounted  to  $65,622,220,  and  the  exports  to 
$70,927,828.  The  ice-trade  and  the  harvesting  and  storage 
of  ice  for  commercial  purposes  form  a  leading  pursnit  in 
the  eastern  part  of  Massachusetts. 

Fisheries. — More  than  half  of  the  fishing-vessels  owned 
in  the  United  States,  with  over  five-eighths  of  the  tonnage, 
are  owned  in  Massachusetts.  Gloucester,  Yarmouth,  and 
Provincetown  are  the  principal  fishing  ports;  but  Newbury- 
port, Marblehead,  Salem,  Beverly,  Boston,  Plymouth,  and 
the  minor  ports  do  considerable  deep-sea  fishing,  bringing 
in  fares  of  cod,  halibut,  mackerel,  herring,  sea-trout,  fish  oil, 
Ac,  from  the  banks  and  coasts  of  Labrador  and  Newfound- 
land, from  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  and  the  Bays  of  Fundy 
and  Chaleurs.  The  coast-fisheries  are  extensive,  taking 
mainly  cod,  haddock,  hake,  pollock,  mackerel,  blue-fish,  boM, 
porgies,  Ac,  besides  menhaden  and  other  fish  for  oil  and 
fish  guano.  The  shad-,  alewife-,  and  smelt-fisheries  in  the 
rivers  are  lucrative.  Lobsters,  oysters,  clams,  and  other 
shell-fish  are  taken  along  the  coast.  Nearly  1000  vessels- 
schooners,  sloops,  barks,  brigs,  steamers,  and  ships — we 
engaged  in  the  fishing  business,  giving  employment  to 
about  15,000  hands  of  almost  all  nationalities,  the  majority, 
however,  being  Americans.  The  average  value  of  the  catch 
is  about  $2,000,000.  This  occupation  is  chiefly  carried  on 
from  the  port  of  New  Bedford,  and  after  a  long  decline  bu 
lately  assumed  renewed  activity.  Great  attention  has  of 
late  been  given  to  the  stocking  of  the  fresh  waters  of  the 
state  with  trout,  salmon,  shad,  alewives,  black  and  striped 
bass,  and  other  useful  food-fishes,  and  to  the  erection  of 
fish-ways  surmounting  obstructions  in  the  streams. 

The  Counties  are  14  in  number,  to  wit :  Barnstable,  Berk- 
shire, Bristol,  Dukes,  Essex,  Franklin,  Hampden,  Hamp- 
shire, Middlesex,  Nantucket,  Norfolk,  Plymouth,  SuSulk,  j 
and  Worcester.     The  principal  towns  and  cities  are  Boston,  j 
the  capital  (pop.  in    1890,  448,447),  Worcester  (84,«5a). 
Lowell  (77,696),  Fall  River  (74,398),  Cambridge  (70,02^  ■ 
Lynn    (55,727),  Lawrence  (44,654),  Springfield  (44,17'.', 
New    Bedford    (40,733),    Somerville    (40,152),    Holyoke 
(35,637),    Salem    (30,801),    Chelsea    (27,909),    Haverhill  j 
(27,412),  Brockton  (27,294),  Taunton  (25,448),  Gloucester  j 
(24,651),  Newton    (24,379),  Maiden   (23,631),  Fitchbnrg 
(22,037),  Ac  ' 

Education. — The  free  public  school  system  of  M«M»-  ' 
chusetts  is  almost  coeval  with  her  history,  and  has  long  ; 
been  recognized  as  one  of  the  most  efiicient  in  this  country. 
There  is  a  state  bo.ard  of  education,  and  all  cities  and  town» 
have  school  committees,  while  in  the  large  villages  and 
cities  there  are,  in  addition,  superintendents  of  schools.  A" 
the  towns  of  any  size  have  graded  schools,  including  pri- 
mary, intermediate,  grammar,  and  high  schools,  wit^i  regu- 
lar systems  of  promotion.     The  public   expenditures  fu? 


MAS 


1783 


MAS 


eieational  purposes  are  nearly  everywhere  liberal,  espe- 
clly  in  the  cities.  Public  kindergarten  instruction  is  given 
ajBoston,  and  there  are  many  private  kindergartens  in  the 
efe.  Boston  has  8  public  high  schools,  a  girls'  normal 
BWol,  evening  and  other  industrial  schools,  and  a  system 
olfree  instruction  in  free-hand  and  mechanical  drawing. 
Ik  other  cities  have  very  similar  institutions.  Compulsory 
e  cation  has  long  been  required  by  law,  and  in  some  of 
t  towns  it  is  enforced  by  special  truant-officers.  There 
a  state  normal  schools  at  Salem,  Westfield,  Worcester, 
Ijdgewatcr,  and  Framingham,  and  normal  art  schools  at 
I: ton  and  Salem.  There  are  many  excellent  private, 
d  orainational,  and  parochial  schools  and  academies. 
1  -vard  University,  at  Cambridge,  has  in  its  college  proper 
0  r  80  elective  courses  and  more  than  1200  students,  ex- 
e  live  of  those  in  its  professional  schools,  which  include 
t'  divinity  schools  (Unitarian  and  Episcopalian)  and 
s<5ol8  of  science,  law,  medicine,  dentistry,  mining,  and 
a.iculture,  the  latter  (the  Bussey  Institution)  being  to 
«(ie  extent  a  state  institution.  There  is  a  state  agricul- 
til  college  at  Amherst,  which  town  is  also  the  seat  of 
Ajherst  College  (Congregational).  At  Williamstown  is 
Mliams  College  (Congregational).  The  Roman  Catholics 
hie  colleges  at  Worcester  and  Boston.  Worcester  is  also 
tHseat  of  Clark  University.  Tufts  College,  at  Somerville, 
iander  Universalist  auspices.  The  Boston  University  is 
ftWethodist  institution  offering  a  wide  range  of  special 
ai  professional  instruction.  Wcllesley  College,  at  Wel- 
hjey,  and  Smith  College,  Northampton,  are  dci'igned  for 
hies.  Theological  training  is  given  in  (denominational) 
iititutions  at  Andover  (Congregational),  Newton  Centre 
(iptist),  Boston  University  (Methodist),  at  Waltham  (New 
(irch),  at  Somerville  ( Universalist),  and  in  the  two  di vin- 
itjschools  at  Cambridge.  There  are  medical  schools  affili- 
np  with  Harvard  and  Boston  Universities,  besides  a  school 
ojpharmacy  and  two  of  dentistry.  The  Massachusetts 
Iilitute  of  Technology  and  the  Worcester  Free  Institute 
aijimportant  scientific  schools.  The  Clark  institution  for 
dijf-mutes,  Northampton  ;  the  city  school  for  deaf-mutes, 
Blton  ,•  the  asylum  for  the  blind,  South  Boston  ;  the  state 
pmary  school  for  pauper  children,  Monson ;  the  Boston 
atj um  for  boys ;  the  state  reform  schools  at  Westborough 
ati  Lancaster;  the  school  for  imbecile  children,  Fayville  ; 
tHMassachusetts  school  ship,  and  the  farm  school,  Thomp- 
sos  Island,  are  a  few  of  the  many  important  educational 
ioitutions  of  the  state.  Many  towns  and  all  the  cities 
hie  valuable  public  libraries. 

ublic  and  other  Charities  and  Corrections. — Besides  sev- 
er of  the  institutions  just  mentioned,  we  may  here  place 
th  insane  asylums  at  Worcester,  Taunton,  Northampton, 
D  vers,  Somerville,  and  Ipswich  (all  but  one  public)  ;  the 
St  3  almshouse,  Tewksbury  ;  the  state  workhouse,  Bridge- 
w«r;  the  state  prisons,  Boston  and  Concord;  the  more 
thi  20  county  and  municipal  jails;  the  very  numerous 
toh  and  city  almshouses,  and  the  public  and  private  hos- 
pifls  and  orphanages  which  are  found  in  every  place  of 
co|iderab1e  population. 

Vtilroads. — The  first  railroad  in  the  United  States  was 
oojtructed  in  Massachusetts,  and  in  proportion  to  her 
arf  she  ranks  among  the  first  in  miles  of  railroad.  Her 
rols  measure  over  2000  miles  (main  lines  and  feeders), 
cr-^ing  the  stiite  in  every  direction.  Massachusetts  was 
onjof  the  first  states  to  enter  largely  upon  railroad  con- 
stifction.  In  1835  she  had  over  100  miles  of  railroad;  in 
ISJt,  626  miles;  in  1850,  1035  miles  ;  in  1855, 1264  miles  ; 
in  865,  1297  miles;  in  1870,1480  miles;  in  1875,1817 
n)|8;  in  1880,  1915  miles;  in  1885,  1998  miles  ;  in  1890, 
2(1  miles ;  and  several  new  lines  have  been  chartered. 

I'nanccs.— The  total  state  debt  in  1 890  was  $31,38 1 ,158.30, 
awncrease  in  that  year  of  $3,129,870.45.  occasioned  by 
vapus  loans.  The  actual  debt  January  1,  1891,  was 
$2fell, 158.30.  To  offset  this  indebtedness  the  state  holds 
siiing-funds  amounting  to  §21,586,900.37,  and  trust  and 
oth-  funds  valued  at  $8,701,889.89.  The  increase  value 
ofbcurities  above  par  is  $1,000,000,  and  it  holds  lands, 
plbed  to  pay  the  debt,  worth  $7,000,000,  thus  making  its 
tol  output  $38,270,850.26. 

mernmentjete. — Theconstitutionofthestate  wnsadopted 
int88,  and  received  important  amendments  in  1820  and 
■Iw.  The  governor  and  the  principal  executive  officers 
arlchosen  annually,  as  are  the  members  of  the  General 
CcH,  as  the  legislature  is  called.  There  is  a  supreme 
coft,  besides  superior,  district,  municipal,  police,  justices', 
on  probate  courts.  Judges  are  appointed  by  the  governor, 
an  hold  office  for  life  or  during  good  behavior;  but  the 
lej  lature  may  remove  any  judge  by  abolishing  the  court 
to  hioh  he  is  attached. 


History. — The  present  state  of  Massachusetts  may  ba 
said  to  embrace  3  colonies:  (1)  that  of  Plymouth,  founded 
in  1620  by  the  Pilgrim  fathers,  Puritan  separatists  from  tho 
Church  of  England ;  (2)  that  of  Massachusetts  Bay,  estab- 
lished in  1628-30,  with  its  capital  at  Boston,  its  original 
leaders  being  members  of  the  Puritanical  party  of  tho 
Church  of  England,  which  they  desired  to  re-organizo 
without  prelacy,  but  which  they  wished  not  to  abandon. 
These  two  colonics  were  united  in  1692.  (3)  The  island 
counties  were  under  the  separate  governorship  (1641-95) 
of  the  Mayhew  family,  who  held  from  the  Earl  of  Stirling 
and  later  from  the  Duke  of  York.  They  were  regarded  as 
a  dependency  of  the  New  York  province,  and  were  united 
in  1695  to  the  Massachusetts  Bay  colony.  The  early  gov- 
ernment of  that  colony  was  theocratic  or  semi-ecclesiastical, 
and  for  more  than  two  centuries  the  Congregational  church 
had  some  measure  of  recognition  from  the  state,  although 
it  had  latterly  declined  from  its  original  character  as  the 
state  church.  Only  in  the  Massachusetts  Bay  colony  proper 
were  there  ever  any  penal  laws  against  heresy. 

Massachusetts  took  a  leading  part  in  the  colonial  wars 
against  the  Indians  and  the  French  of  Acadia  and  Canada, 
in  which  wars  she  suffered  much.  In  1641  the  province  of 
Maine  became  a  part  of  Massachusetts,  so  remaining  until 
1820.  In  1686  the  royal  charter  was  resumed,  and  Massa- 
chusetts Bay  became  a  crown  province,  so  remaining  until 
the  Revolution.  This  resumption  did  not  contribute  to  the 
prosperi*^y  of  the  province,  nor  did  it  strengthen  the  attach- 
ment of  the  colonists  to  the  mother-country.  Still/  tho 
colony  grew  steadily  in  wealth,  population,  and  intelligence. 
Massachusetts  took  a  leading  part  in  the  events  preceding 
tho  war  of  independence  (1775-83),  the  first  contests  of  that 
war  taking  place  upon  her  soil.  During  the  Revolutionary 
war  her  most  conspicuous  honors  were  those  gained  in  the 
campaign  which  ended  with  Burgoyne's  capture.  For 
many  years  the  Federalist  party  had  here  their  strongest 
hold,  and  consequently  the  state  took  no  active  part  in  tho 
war  of  1812-15,  although  thousands  of  her  mariners  vol- 
unteered in  the  national  service  and  served  in  the  navy 
with  distinguished  honor.  In  the  war  of  1861-65  the  state 
sent  out  158,380  officers  and  soldiers,  and  incurred  a  war 
debt  exceeding  $50,000,000 ;  and  among  the  Northern  or 
loyal  states  she  was  third  on  the  battle-mortality  list, 
Kansas  and  Vermont  alone  exceeding  her  in  this  respect. 
The  state  has  always  occupied  a  prominent  position  in  re- 
spect to  benevolent,  educational,  and  humanitarian  efforts 
and  reforms. 

Pojndation. — The  original  white  population  of  Massa- 
chusetts was  almost  entirely  of  English  descent,  the  only 
prominent  exceptions  being  a  small  colony  of  Huguenots 
which  settled  in  and  near  Oxford,  one  or  more  of  Germans 
in  the  northeastern  part  of  Worcester  co.,  and  the  later 
Scotch-Irish  Presbyterian  settlement  at  Coleraine.  But 
since  1840  there  have  been  large  immigrations  of  Irish,  of 
Germans  (mainly  in  the  cities),  of  English  mill-operatives, 
and  of  French  Canadians.  Tiie  original  Indian  population 
has  left  but  few  traces,  except  in  the  townships  of  Gay  Head 
and  Mashpee,  whose  inhabitants  are  nominally  Indians!,  but 
they  all  are  partially  of  African  or  of  white  descent.  Bo- 
fore  1775  the  population  was  estimated  at  250,000;  in  1790 
it  was  378,787  ;  in  1800,  422,845  ;  in  1810,  472,040  ;  in  182u, 
523,287;  in  1830,  610,408;  in  1840,  737,699;  in  1850, 
994,514;  in  1860,  1,231,066;  in  1870,  1,457,351;  in  1880, 
1,783,085;  in  1890,  2,238,94.3,  exhibiting  a  density  of  popu- 
lation to  tho  square  mile  which  exceeds  any  reported  for  any 
other  state.  The  state  censuses,  usually  taken  at  the  middlo 
of  each  decade,  embody  the  results  of  very  elaborate  and  ex- 
haustive series  of  inquiries,  whose  answers  furnish  valuable 
information  regarding  nearly  all  the  interesting  points  in 
the  industrial,  financial,  and  social  activities  of  the  people. 

Massuciuccoli,  mis-s^-chook'ko-le,  a  small  laKO  and 
village  of  Italy,  8  miles  W.  of  Lucca.  The  lake,  2i  miles 
in  length,  discharges  its  waters  into  the  Montero. 

Mas'sack,  a  post-office  of  McCracken  co.,  Ky. 

Massacre  Island,  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Maoona. 

Massa  di  Carrara,  mis'sd  dee  kaR-ni'rd,  formerly 
Massa  Ducale,  mis'si  doo-ki'ld,  an  episcopal  city  of 
Northern  Italy,  30  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Pisa,  near  the 
Frigido,  2  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Gulf  of  Genoa. 
Pop.  18,031.  Chief  edifices,  a  fine  palace,  a  modern  cathe- 
dral, and  an  old  castle.  It  has  manufactures  of  silks,  and 
trade  in  the  fine  marble  of  its  vicinity.  It  was  tho  capital 
of  the  former  duchy  of  Massa-Carrara,  a  state  composed  of 
the  duchy  of  Massa  and  the  principality  of  Carrara.  This 
small  state  was  reunited  to  Modena  in  1829. 

Massa  e  Carrara,  mis'sii  kaR-ii&'ri,  a  province  of 
Italy,  forming  the  N.W.  part  of  Tuscany,  having  the  maia 


MAS 


1784 


MAS 


ridge  of  the  Aponninea  on  the  N.E.,  and  the  sea,  to  lomo 
extent,  on  the  S.W.  It  is  mountainous,  but  productive  of 
wino,  silk,  olives,  and  fine  marble.  Area,  680  square  miles. 
Chief  townn,  Ciirrani  and  Massa  di  Carrara.   Pop.  161,944. 

MaHsafra,  m&s-8&'fr&,a  walled  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Loeco,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Taranto.     Pop.  9719. 

Ma8sn-Luinbardo,mil8'8&-lom-baR'do,awalledto\rn 
of  Italy,  .30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Forrara.     Pop.  6488. 

Massnisk,  m&s-s&lsk',  or  Mosalsk*  mo-s&lsk',  a  town 
of  Uiissia,  government  and  50  miles  W.  of  Kalooga,  on  the 
Mosnika,  at  its  confluence  with  the  Qorodonka.    Pop.  2139. 

Massa  "Lubrenzev  m&s'82L-loo-brdn'z4,  or  Massa 
de  Sorrento,  m&s'sJl  d&  soR-nin'to,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province,  on  the  Qulf,  and  19  miles  S.  of  Naples.  It  is  the 
see  of  a  bishop.     Pop.  8296. 

Mnssa  Maritima,  mfts'sjl  m&-roe'te-m&,  or  Massa 
di  Maremma,  mis'si  dee  m&-rdm'm&,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Grosseto,  33  miles  S.W.  of  Siena.  It  is  the 
see  of  a  bishop.     Pop.  13,052. 

Massaniartana,  m&8^8&-m&r-t&'n&,  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  Umbria,  12  miles  W.  of  Spoloto.     Pop.  4328. 

Mas^sanet'ta  (or  Taylor)  Springs,  Rockingham 
00.,  Va.,  near  the  base  of  Massanetta  Mountain,  4  miles 
from  Harrisonburg.  The  medicinal  virtues  of  these  springs 
are  highly  commended.     Here  is  a  hotel. 

Mas^sanut'ten,  a  post-ofiBco  of  Page  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Massanutton  Mountain  and  the  South  Fork  of  the  Shenan- 
doah River,  about  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Staunton. 

Massao.  a  town  of  South  Africa.    See  Mashow. 

Massapeag,  mas^sa-pdg',  a  station  in  New  London  co., 
Conn.,  on  the  New  London  Northern  Railroad^  8  miles  N. 
of  New  London. 

Massnra,  the  ancient  name  of  Mazzara. 

Mas^sard',  a  post-office  of  Sebastian  oo..  Ark. 

Massaroony,  mjls-gi-roo'neo,  or  Mazaruni,  m&-z&- 
roo'nee,  a  river  of  British  Guiana,  which  has  been  explored 
upwards  for  about  400  miles,  though  its  navigation  is  inter- 
rupted by  numerous  rapids.  It  flows  from  near  lat.  4°  30' 
N.  and  Ion.  60°  W.,  and  joins  the  estuary  of  the  Essequibo. 

Massarosa,  mA.s^8&-r6's&,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
8  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Lucca.     Pop.  9200. 

Massa-Superiore,  m&s's&-8oo-pdL-re-o'r&,  a  village 
of  Italy,  27  miles  E.S.E.  of  Mantua,  on  the  Po.     P.  3792. 

Massat,  m&s^si',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ari6go,  12  miles 
S.E.  of  Saint-Girons.     Pop.  1179. 

MassaAvippi,  mis^sJl-wip'pee,  or  To^mefo'bi,  a 
beautiful  lake  in  the  co.  of  Stanstead,  Quebec,  about  9  miles 
long  by  3  wide.  Its  depth  in  many  places  is  from  60  to  90 
feet.  Its  shores  are  richly  wooded  and  indented  with  bays, 
and  it  abounds  in  fish  of  many  kinds, — "  black  salmon," 
lake  trout,  pike,  sturgeon,  maskinongo,  Ac.  The  surround- 
ing scenery  is  very  fine.  This  lake  has  its  outlet  in  the 
river  St.  Francis  by  the  Massawippi  River,  which  falls  into 
the  St.  Francis  at  Lennoxville. 

Massawippi,  a  post-village  in  Stanstead  co.,  Quebec, 
on  Massawippi  Lake,  and  on  the  Massawippi  Valley  Rail- 
way, 16  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Shorbrooke.  It  contains  4  stores, 
grist-,  saw-,  and  carding-mills.     Pop.  250. 

Massay,  mis^sd',  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Cher,  19  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Bourges.     Pop.  1320. 

Massbach,  miss'bilK,  or  Masbach,  m&s'b&K,  a  town 
of  Bavaria,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Miinnerstadt.     Pop.  1231. 

Masse,  m&s'sd.,  or  Mazze,  m&t'zi,  a  village  of  Italy, 
12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ivrea,  on  the  Dora  Baltea.     Pop.  3300. 

Masse  di  Siena,  m&s's4  dee  se-^'niH,  or  Masse  di 
Citt^,  mls'si  dee  ch4t-ti',  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Siena.     Pop.  of  commune,  10,268. 

Massemen-Westrem,mi8'85h-m9n-^5s'tr8m,  a  vil- 
lage of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanders,  on  the  Molcnbcek,  7 
miles  S.E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  2000. 

Mas^se'na,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  184. 

Massena,  a  post-village  in  Massena  township,  St.  Law- 
rence CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Grass  River,  about  38  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Ogdensburg.  It  has  a  bridge  across  the  river,  which  here 
affords  extensive  water-power.  It  contains  several  churches, 
2  flour-mills,  and  a  union  school.  Pop.  483.  The  township 
is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  St.  Lawrence  River,  and 
intersected  by  the  Grass  and  Racket  Rivers.  It  contains 
Massena  Centre  and  Massena  Springs.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 2709. 

Massena  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Massena  township, 
St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Grass  River,  about  30  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Malone. 

Massena  Springs,  a  watering-place  of  St.  Lawrence 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Massena  township,  on  Racket  River,  1  mile 
from  Massena  village,  and  about  36  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ogdens- 
burg.   It  has  6  hotels  and  several  boarding-houses. 


Massera,  m&s's«h-r&,  Mazira,orMazura,rali'«r-L 

an  island  oflf  the  S.E.  coast  of  Arabia,  in  the  Arabian  SeT 
Lat.  20°  30'  N.;  Ion.  69°  E.  Length,  40  miles;  aveniM 
breadth,  15  miles.  ' 

Masscrano,  m&s-si-r&'no,  a  walled  town  of  Italy  a 
miles  N.E.  of  Biella.     Pop.  of  commune,  3426. 

Masseube,  mis^sob',  a  town  of  France,  in  0«n,  II 
miles  S.E.  of  Marmande,  on  the  Gers.     Pop.  1804. 

Massevaux,  missVii'  (Gor.  Matmiintter,  mis'mUD- 
st^r),  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  11  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Belfort.     Pop.,  without  lluppach,  2784, 

Mas'sey,  a  station  in  bubuque  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chi- 
cago, Clinton  &  Dubuque  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Bubuqae, 
near  King  Poet-OflSoe. 

Massey's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Kent 
County  Railroad  at  its  junction  with  the  Queen  Anns  k 
Kent  Railroad  and  with  a  branch  of  the  Delaware  Railroad 
21  miles  E.N.E.  of  Chestertown,  and  39  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Wilmington,  Del.     It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  75. 

Mas'seysburg,  a  hamlet  of  Huntingdon  oo.,  Pa.,  in 
Barro  township,  10  miles  from  Petersburg. 

Mas'sey's  Creek,  of  Greene  oo.,  0.,  flows  into  tb* 
Little  Miami  River. 

Massiac,  mi,s^se-&k',  a  town  of  France,  in  Cantal,  1} 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Saint-Flour,  on  the  Alagon.    Pop.  22&(). 

Massico,  mls'se-ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Ca- 
serta.  The  wine  from  the  vineyards  on  the  S.  slope  of  the 
Jlfo)i«  Mag'aicus,  in  this  vicinity,  was  famous  in  Roman 
times.  In  the  vicinity  Appius  Claudius  gained  a  victory 
over  the  Samnitcs. 

Massie,  mas'se,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  0.  Pop, 
1270.     It  contains  llarveysburg. 

Massie's  Mills,  a  post-oflice  of  Nelson  co.,  Va. 

Massieville,  a  village  of  Ross  co.,  0.,  in  Scioto  town- 
ship, 5  miles  S.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  3  churches  and  4 
stores.     Pop.  119.     Here  is  Waller  Post-Offico. 

Massiglia,  the  Italian  name  of  Marseilles. 

Mass'illon,  a  township  of  Wayne  co..  Ill,  Pop.  7S1. 
It  is  called  also  New  Massillox. 

Massillon,  or  Massiton,  a  hamlet  of  Allen  oo.,  Ind., 
in  Madison  township,  about  16  miles  S.E.  of  Fort  Wayne, 
It  has  a  church. 

Massillon,  a  post-hamlet  in  Massillon  township.  Cedar 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  AVapsipinicon  River,  and  on  the  Davenport 
A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Davenport.  It 
has  an  elevator  and  3  stores.  Pop.  about  75;  of  tne  town- 
ship. 826. 

Massillon,  a  handsome  city  of  Stark  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Tuscarawas  River,  and  on  the  Ohio  Canal,  9  miles  \V.  of 
Canton,  66  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Cleveland,  and  25  miles  E.  of 
Wooster.  It  is  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago 
Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Cleveland,  Tuscarawas  Valley 
&  Wheeling  Railroad.  It  is  also  connected  with  Cleveland 
by  the  Massillon  &  Clinton  Branch  of  the  Cleveland,  Mount 
Vernon  &  Columbus  Railroad.  It  is  regularly  planned, 
and  contains  a  number  of  fine  residences,  a  high  school,  11 
churches,  2  national  banks,  1  other  bank,  several  iron- 
foundries  and  machine-shops,  a  rolling-mill,  a  paper-mill, 

2  iron-furnaces  which  produce  pig-iron,  manufactures  of 
iron  bridges,  sash,  blinds,  ic,  and  3  newspaper  offioM. 
Coal  is  mined  near  this  town,  and  large  quantities  of  wheat, 
maize,  butter,  and  wool  are  shipped  here.  It  has  also  3 
quarries  of  sandstone,  several  flouring-mills,  and  manufW' 
tures  of  farming-implements.     Pop.  in  1890,  10,092. 

Massingy,  mis^siN^'zhee',  a  village  of  France,  inSaWfff 

3  miles  from  Rumilly.     Pop.  1075. 

Massow,  mis'sov,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,2J 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Stettin.     Pop.  2671. 

Massowah,  mAs'so-w&,  or  Massonah,  ml8'8oo-l,a 
seaport  town  of  Egypt,  on  a  small  sterile  island  in  the  Red 
Sea.  Lat.  15°  36' N.;  Ion.  39°  21' E.  It  has  a  good  harbor, 
and  an  active  import  trade  with  the  Arabian  ports,  Bom- 
bay, and  Suez  is  here  carried  on.  Caravans  start  hence  fo» 
Abyssinia,  for  which  it  is  the  chief  port.  Chief  import^ 
corn,  maize,  rice,  cotton  stuffs,  silks,  muslins,  cotton,  wool, 
glasswares,  cutlery,  arms,  hardwares,  spices,  coral,  wineJ, 
and  spirits.  Pop.  2350.  It  is  one  of  the  hottest  places  in 
the  world. 

Masta,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Msta. 

Mas'tersonville,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa., 
about  12  miles  N.  of  Columbia. 

Mastersville,  Harrison  co.,  0.    See  Conottes.  , 

Mas'tersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  McLennan  co.,  Xii»  j 
18   miles  S.S.W.   of   Waco.    It  has  2  churches  and  a» 
academy. 

Masterton,  Monroe  co.,  0.    See  Lebanon. 

Mast  Hope,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co.,  Pa.,  on  tin 


MAS 


1785 


MAT 


Jtware  River,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  at  Pine  Grove 
Skion,  29  miles  N.W.  of  Port  Jervis.  It  has  several  saw- 
nls.     Pop.  about  150. 

lastin's  Corners,  Ontario.    See  Lavender. 

lastre,  La,  France.    See  La  Mastre, 

Eastricht,  Netherlands.    See  Maestricht. 

lastuch,  mis'tootch',  a  town  of  Central  Asia,  capital 
oihitral.  Lat.  36°  12'  N.;  Ion.  72°  31'  E.  It  has  some 
ti|e  with  Yarkand  and  Afghanistan. 

lastura,  mis-too'ri  or  mis'too-ra,  a  town  of  Arabia, 
Ilkiz,  near  the  Red  Sea,  140  miles  S.S.W.  of  Medina. 

last  Yard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Merrimack  eo.,  N.H., 
oifhe  Contooeook  River,  and  on  the  Concord  &  Claremont 
Mroad.     It  is  in  the  N.W.  part  of  the  city  of  Concord. 

iasulipatani,  m4-sooM§-pa-t4m',  a  town  of  British 
I»a,  the  capital  of  a  district  of  its  own  name,  on  the  Cor- 
oiindel  coast,  is  220  miles  N.N.E.  of  Madras.  The  fort 
isiirrounded  by  a  salt  morass,  communicating  by  a  canal 
wli  the  Kistnah  and  the  sea.  The  town,  li  miles  N.AV., 
isf.rge,  and  has  long  been  famous  for  its  chintz-manufac- 
tus.  Its  trade  has  latterly  declined,  but  it  still  exports 
g([ls.  Its  port,  which  is  on  the  only  part  of  this  coast  not 
giif-beaten,  is  accessible  for  vessels  of  300  tons.     P.  30,000. 

kasulipatam,  a  district  of  British  India,  presidency 
offkladras,  having  E.  the  Bay  of  Bengal.  Area,  4711 
sahre  miles.     Capital,  Masulipatam.     Pop.  520,866. 

lasullas,  m4s-sool'lis,  a  village  on  the  island  of  Sar- 
dija,  province  of  Busachi.    Pop.  1001. 

flata,  mi'ti,  a  lake  of  Brazil,  state  and  170  miles 
SJW.  of  Maranhao,  and  giving  origin  to  the  river  Codo. 
L^gth,  about  20  miles. 

ilata,  a  river  of  Africa,  enters  the  Channel  of  Mozam- 
biue  midway  between  the  rivers  Sofala  and  Si'na. 

lata,  La,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  La  Mata. 

S*at'acong',  an  island  on  the  W.  coast  of  Africa,  and 
le  from  the  mainland  of  Sierra  Leone.  Lat.  9°  10'  N. 
I  3  miles  in  circumference,  and  has  a  port  and  ware- 
es.  It  belongs  to  Great  Britain.  Pop.  300. 
jlatagor'da,  a  southeastern  county  of  Te.xas,  border- 
iiij  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  has  an  area  of  about  1150 
stfire  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  Matagorda  Bay, 
at  intersected  by  the  Colorado  River,  which  runs  from  N. 
to.  and  empties  into  the  above-named  bay.  The  surface 
is  early  level,  and  partly  covered  with  forests.  The  soil 
is  lluvial,  and  produces  pasture  for  cattle,  which  are  the 
chf  articles  of  export.  Capital,  Matagorda.  Pop.  in 
16»,  3377;  in  1880,  3940;  in  1890,  3985. 

tatagorda,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Matagorda  co., 
T<L,  on  a  bay  of  the  same  name,  about  1  mile  E.  of  the 
m  th  of  the  Colorado  River,  and  90  miles  W.S.W.  of  Gal- 
vaon.  It  is  supported  mainly  by  trade  and  the  naviga- 
ti(|  of  the  river.     Pop.  about  500. 

(atagorda  Bay,  Texas,  is  at  the  mouth  of  the  Col- 
or o  River,  and  is  separated  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  by 
a  pg,  narrow  peninsula  or  island.  This  bay  is  more  than 
SOpiles  long,  including  the  W.  part,  called  Lavaca  Bay. 

latagorda  Island,  along  coast-island  of  Calhoun  co., 
Td,  dividing  Esplritu  Santo  Bay  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 
Afts  N.N.E.  point  is  a  light-house  on  Pass  Cavallo,  a  chan- 
nCTvhich  separates  it  from  Matagorda  Peninsula,  a  low 
sp  of  sand  subject  in  some  places  to  occasional  overflow 
andividing  Matagorda  Bay  from  the  waters  of  the  Gulf. 
Tl  S.  end  of  Matagorda  Island  closely  approaches  Mus- 
to   Island,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  Cedar  Bayou. 

ata'le,  Metel'la,  or  Fort  McDow'all,  a  town 
ofbeylon,  15  miles  N.  of  Kandy.  Pop.  3529.  Pop.  of 
M|ile  district,  71,685. 

atam,  mi-tim',  a  village  of  Senegambia,  Foota- 
Diiga,  on  the  Senegal.     Lat.  15°  44'  N. ;  Ion.  13°  5'  W. 

at^amo'ras,  or  Mat^amo'ros,  a  town  of  Mexico, 
8t{|  of  Tamaulipas,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Rio  Grande,  40 
rafe  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  opposite  Brownsville,  Tex. 
E.'brts  consist  chiefly  of  specie,  with  some  hides,  wool, 
anj  horses ;  imports,  manufactured  goods,  chiefly  from 
Git  Britain  and  the  United  States.  It  is  not  accessible 
toiarge  ships,  but  in  good  weather  vessels  of  some  size 
H  the  bar  and  come  up  to  the  town.  The  town  is  well 
H-  After  the  victories  of  Palo  Alto  and  Resaca  de  la 
Pma,  the  American  army  entered  and  took  possession  of 
Mfimoras  without  opposition.     Pop.  20,000. 

Jatamo'ras,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  0.,  in 
Qmdview  township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  25  miles  by 
laij  E.N.E.  of  Marietta.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded 
Kp\,  2  tanneries,  a  foundry,  a  flouring-mill,  and  2  manu- 
fa<|ries  of  oil-barrels.  It  is  the  centre  of  the  great  to- 
bao-region  of  Ohio.  Pop.  in  1880,631;  in  1890,690. 
Tl!name  of  its  post-oflfice  is  New  Matamoras. 

'      113 


Matamoras,  a  village  of  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  2  miles 
from  Halifax,  and  18  miles  N.  of  Ilarrisburg.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  143.     Here  is  Powl's  Valley  Post-Oflice. 

Matamoras,  a  post-village  of  Pike  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Delaware  River,  opposite  Port  Jervis,  N.Y.,  and  8  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Milford.     Pop.  about  500. 

Matamoras  Izncar,  Mexico.    See  Izucar. 

Matan,  mi-tin',  a  native  state  on  the  island  of  Borneo, 
on  the  S.W.  coast  of  the  Carimata  Strait.  It  yields  the 
best  diamonds  in  Borneo ;  also  iron,  tin,  and  sago. 

Matan,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Mactan. 

Matane,  mVtin',  a  post-village  in  Rimouski  co.,  Que- 
bec, on  the  S.  shore  of  tlio  St.  Lawrence,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Matane  River,  33  miles  E.N.E.  of  Metis.  It  contains 
saw-  and  grist-mills,  and  0  stores.  The  Matane  River 
abounds  with  salmon  and  trout.     Pop.  300.  j 

Matanza,  La,  Canaries.    See  La  Matanza. 

Matanzas,  mi-tan'zas  or  mi-tin'this,  a  fortified  sea- 
port town  on  tlie  N.W.  coast  of  the  island  of  Cuba,  52  miles 
E.  of  Havana.  Lat.  23°  3'  N. ;  Ion.  81°  40'  W.  It  is  situ- 
ated on  a  flat  on  both  sides  of  the  San  Juan,  which  brings 
down  large  quantities  of  mud,  materially  impeding  naviga- 
tion. The  houses  are  built  very  substantially,  mostly  of 
stone,  but  with  an  entire  absence  of  any  architectural 
beauty.  The  principal  edifices  arc  the  castle  of  San  Seve- 
rino,  the  church,  the  academy,  the  hospital,  a  theatre,  and 
extensive  barracks.  In  commercial  importance  Matanzas 
ranks  next  to  Havana.  Its  facilities  for  trade  have  been 
greatly  increased  by  the  construction  of  railways  connect- 
ing it  with  Havana,  Cardenas,  and  other  principal  towns 
in  the  island.  The  imports  consist  chiefly  of  articles  of 
food,  machinery,  and  materials  for  sugar-  and  cofl'ee-plan- 
tntions;  fancy  goods  are  brought  principally  from  Havana. 
Among  the  exports  are  sugar,  coffee,  molasses,  tobacco, 
honey,  wax,  and  fruits.  The  bay  is  spacious,  easy  of  access, 
and  completely  sheltered  from  winds,  except  those  from  the 
N.E.,  which  bring  in  a  heavy  swell.     Pop.  36,102. 

Matanzas,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chautauqua  co.,  Kansas, 
on  Little  Caney  River,  22  miles  W.  of  Independence.  It 
has  a  saw-mill. 

Matapan,  Cape,  Greece.    See  Cape  Matapan. 

Matapas,  mi-ti'pis,  a  market-town  of  the  republic  of 
Guatemala,  65  miles  E.S.E.  of  the  city  of  Guatemala. 

Matapediac,  m&t'd-pe-de-ik',  a  lake  of  Quebec,  about 
21  miles  S.  of  the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence.  Length, 
about  16  miles;  greatest  breadth,  3  miles.  Its  shores  are 
high  and  bold  and  covered  with  good  timber,  and  the  cen- 
tre is  diversified  by  a  cluster  of  islands. 

Matapediac,  a  post-village  in  Bonavcnture  co.,  Que- 
bec, at  the  confluence  of  the  Matapediac  and  Restigouche 
Rivers,  on  the  Intercolonial  Railway,  95  miles  S.E.  of  Ste. 
Flavie.  It  is  much  frequented  by  sportsmen  for  its  sal- 
mon-fishing.    Pop.  150. 

Matapediac  (or  Musical)  River,  one  of  the  chief 
tributaries  of  the  Restigouche,  takes  its  rise  in  the  above 
lake,  and,  running  S.S.E.,  enters  the  Restigouche  9  miles 
above  Campbellton. 

Matapozuelos,  mi-tS.-po-thwi'loce,  a  town  of  Spain, 
in  Leon,  17  miles  S.S.W.  of  Valladolid.     Pop.  1346. 

Matarah,  a  town  of  Arabia.     See  Muttra. 

Mat'aram',  a  town  of  the  East  Indies,  capital  of  the 
island  of  Lombok,  near  its  W.  coast,  4  miles  from  Ampa- 
nam,  its  port.  It  has  wide  streets,  and  palaces  for  the 
rajah  and  other  chiefs. 

Mataram,  a  city  of  Java.    Sec  Djokjokarta. 

Matareeyeh,  or  Matariyeh,  mi-ti-reo'y?h,  often 
written  Mataria  (anc.  Heliop'olis,  i.e.,  the  "  city  of  the 
sun"),  a  village  of  Lower  Egypt,  in  a  beautiful  district,  6 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Cairo.  Lat.  30°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  31°  58'  E. 
It  very  early  acquired,  and  long  continued  to  possess,  great 
celebrity  from  its  temple  of  the  sun,  which  was  a  very  mag- 
nificent structure.  It  was  for  ages  the  chief  seat  of  Egyp- 
tian learning,  but  is  now  a  very  insignificant  place. 

Matareeyeh,  or  Matarieh,  m4-ti-ree'y§h,  a  village 
of  Lower  Egypt,  province  and  20  miles  S.E.  of  Damietta, 
on  the  E.  shore  of  Lake  Menzaleh.     Pop.  3000, 

Matarello,  mil-ti-rfirio,  a  village  of  Austria,  Tyrol,  6 
miles  from  Trent.     Pop.  2095. 

Mataro,  mi-ti-ro'  (anc.  Illuro  f),  a  maritime  city  of 
Spain,  15i  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Barcelona.  Pop.  15,860. 
It  stands  on  the  slope  of  a  hill,  and  consists  of  an  old  and  a 
new  town,  the  latter  having  2  fine  squares.  It  has  a  largo 
parish  church,  a  hospital,  college,  and  school  of  navigation, 
manufactures  of  leather,  spirits,  glass,  hardware,  cotton, 
silks,  velvets,  and  ribbons,  and  docks  in  which  ship-building 
is  carried  on. 

Mataruna,  m&-t&-roo'n&,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state 


MAT 


17S6 


MAT 


and  70  miles  N.E.  of  Rio  Jonciro,  on  the  N.  sliore  of  Lalte 
Ararnuma,  on  a  river  of  its  own  name,  hero  orossed  by  a 
bridge.     P..p.  3200. 

Matatal's  (mil-tA-tMs')  Lnke,  a  po»t-viI1ago  in  Col- 
ehwtor  oo.,  No^•a  Scotia,  on  tiio  French  Hirer,  9  luiloa  from 
Wontvrorth.  It  has  2  churches,  9  stores,  9  savr-mills,  and 
4  grist-niilN.     Pop.  400. 

MntnvinAn,  m&-til-re-&n'y&,  a  riror  of  Spain,  falls 
Into  the  Ebro  in  the  province  of  Tcruel.  Total  course,  about 
80  miles. 

Mntnwnmkcag,  Maine.    See  Mattawamkeao. 

Mntnu'an,  mat-9,-w5n',  a  post-village  of  Monmouth  co., 
N.J.,  in  Mntawan  township,  on  the  Freehold  A  New  York 
Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Contra!  Railroad  (New  York 
&  Long  Branch  division),  2  miles  S.W.  of  Kcyport,  and  29 
miles  S.S.W.  of  New  York.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  the  Glenwood  Institute,  a  public  liall,  and 
manufactures  of  bricks,  carriages,  and  sash.  Pop.  of  the 
township  in  1S90,  .SI 83. 

Matnwnn,  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.    See  Mattawan. 

Matiiwnn,  a  river  of  Ontario.    "See  Mattawa. 

Match^apo'nix  Brook,  of  Now  Jersey,  rises  in  Mon- 
mouth CO.,  and  falls  into  the  South  River  in  Middlesex  co., 
near  Spottswood. 

Matchikha,  mJl-cheo'K&,  a  town  of  Russia,  Don  Cos- 
■ack  country,  75  miles  E.N.E.  of  Novo-Khopersk.    P.  2200. 

Matcliin,  mit^chccn',  a  town  of  Bulgaria,  on  the  Dan- 
ube, 32  miles  N.E.  of  Hirsova.     It  has  2  forts. 

Mate  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Logan  co.,' W.  Va. 

Matclica,  ml-tfll'e-ki,  a  town  of  Central  Italy,  in  the 
Marches,  23  miles  W.S.W.  of  Macerata.  Pop.  7298.  It  is 
enclosed  by  walls,  has  several  churches  and  convents,  and 
is  the  seat  of  active  manufactures. 

Matera,  mi-ti'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  43 
miles  E.  of  Potcnza,  on  the  Gravina.  Pop.  14,312.  It  is  a 
place  of  great  antiquity,  and  has  a  cathedral  and  professional 
schools. 

Alate-Szalka,  ml't4*-s8.1'k5h\  a  town  of  Hungary, 
00.  of  Szftthraar,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Nyir-Bathor.     Pop.  3741. 

Mat'field,  a  post-village  of  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  on 
the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  23  miles  S.  of  Boston.  It  has  a 
ehurch,  a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  fertilizers 
and  shoes. 

Mattield  Green,  a  post-village  of  Chase  oo.,  Kansas, 
about  32  miles  S.W.  of  Emporia. 

niatha,  mini.',  a  village  of  France,  in  Charente-In- 
ffirieure,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Saint-Jean-d'Ang61y. 

Ma-Theoo-Shan,  or  Ma-Theou-Chan,  ml-t4- 
oo'-shin,  a  mountain  of  China,  province  of  Yun-Nan.  Lat. 
26°  N. ;  Ion.  102°  E.     It  is  covered  with  perpetual  snow. 

Math'er's,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Juneau  co.,  Wis., 
on  the  Wisconsin  Valley  Railroad,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Tomah. 

Math'erton,  a  post-village  in  North  Plains  township, 
Ionia  CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Maple  River,  5  miles  N.  of  Pewamo 
6f«ation,  and  about  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lansing.  It  has 
manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber.     Pop.  about  250. 

Matli'ews,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Montgomery  &  Eufaula  Railroad,  21  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Montgomery.     It  has  a  church. 

Mathews,  a  station  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  In- 
dianapolis it  Vincennes  Railroad,  18  miles  S.W.  of  India- 
napolis. 

Math'CAVSOn,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Labette  co., 
Kansas,  on  the  Memphis,  Kansas  &  Colorado  Railroad,  11 
miles  E.  of  Parsons. 

Mathi'as  Point,  a  post-office  of  King  George  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Potomac  River,  about  30  miles  (direct)  S.  of  Wash- 
ington, D.C. 

Mnthnra,  a  town  of  India.    See  Muttra. 

Matia,  mi-tee'S.,  or  Mitia,  called  also  Aurora,  one 
of  the  Society  Islands.     Lat.  50°  15'  S. ;  Ion.  148°  6'  W. 

Ulatiacum,  the  ancient  name  of  Marbdro. 

Matiares,  a  lake  of  Nicaragua.    Sec  Leon. 
•     Matignon,  miHeon^y6x<>',  a  town  of  France,  in  Cfltes- 
dn-Nord,  15  miles  N.N.W.  of  Dinan.     Pop.  1369. 

Matilda,  Ontario.    See  Iroquois. 

MatiI'davilie,  a  hamlet  of  Clarion  co..  Pa.,  in  Perry 
township,  4  miles  from  Parker. 

Matiua,  mi-tee'ni,  the  principal  river  of  Costa  Rica, 
formed  by  the  union  of  the  Chirripo  and  Barbilla,  flows  E., 
and  enters  the  Caribbean  Sea  near  Limon.  Upon  it  is  the 
village  of  Matina,  10  miles  by  rail  from  Limon. 

Matin'icus,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co..  Me.,  in  Matin- 
icu3  Plantation,  which  consists  of  small  islands  in  the 
ocean,  about  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Rockland.  Pop.  of  the 
plantation,  277;  of  Matinicus  Island,  250. 

Matinicus  Kock|  an  islet  a  few  miles  S.  of  Matinicus. 


Island,  has  2  stone  lighthouses,  in  lat.  43°  47'  N.  lo» 
68°  50'  58"  W.     It  has  also  a  steam-whistle  and  fog-bell. 

Matisco,  the  ancient  name  of  MScox. 

Matium,  a  city  of  Crete.    See  Candia. 

Mai  la,  a  town  of  India.     See  Caknino. 

Matlatzingo,  a  town  of  Mexico,    See  Cnino. 

Mnt'lin,  a  station  in  Box  Elder  co.,  Utah,  on  th«C«B> 
tral  Pacific  Railroad,  11  miles  N.E.  of  'rerrnoe. 

Mat'lock,  a  town  and  watering-place  of  Englnnd  eo 
and  16  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Derby,  is  neatly  built  oo 
the  slope  and  at  the  bottom  of  the  narrow  and  singnUrly 
picturesque  vale  of  the  Derwcnt.  It  has  an  ancient  chorcli 
numerous  good  hotels  and  lodging-houses,  a  library,  min- 
eralogical  museums,  and  handsome  baths  and  pump-roonu, 
connected  with  hot  springs.  In  the  vicinity  are  sevend 
petrifying  wells,  lead-minca,  caverns,  and  the  picturesoui 
woods  of  Matlock  Dale.     Pop.  (1891)  5285.  ^ 

Mal'lock,  a  post-office  of  Tatniill  co.,  (Ja. 

Matlock  Bath,  a  town  and  bathing-plaee  of  England, 
CO.  of  Derby,  2  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Matlock.     Pop.  1389, 

Mato'aca,  a  post-village  of  Chesteifii-ld  co.,  V«.'  4 
miles  W.  of  Petersburg.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  cotton, 
factory.     Pop.  about  600. 

Mato'ax,  or  Matto'ax,  a  post-offioe  and  station  of 
Amelia  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Richmond  <fc  Danville  Railroad,  27 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Richmond. 

Mato-Grosso,  Brazil.     See  Matto-Grosso. 

Matookoo,  or  Matiiku,  mi-too'koo',  written  aln 
Motougou,  one  of  the  Feejee  Islands,  in  the  South  I'»- 
cific  Ocean.     Lat.  19°  14'  S. ;  Ion.  179°  44'  W. 

Matotshkin  (mi-totch-kcen')  Shar,  a  strait  of  the 
Arctic  Ocean,  extends  E.  and  W.  for  45  miles  by  3  miles  in 
breadth,  and  divides  Nova  Zembla  into  two  unequal  pvti. 
Lat.  73°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  55°  to  60°  E. 

Matouchin,  New  Jersey.    Sec  Metuche;». 

Matour,  mAHoon',  a  town  of  France,  in  SSlone-et-Loin^ 
16  miles  W.  of  Macon.    Pop.  476. 

Matra,  mi'tr5h\  a  mountain-range  of  Hungary,  branch 
of  the  Carpathians,  extending  between  the  Thciss  and  the 
Danube  for  36  miles ;  culminating  point  3500  feet  high. 

Matrona,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Marnb. 

Matsmai,  mAts^mi',  or  Matsnmag,  m&t-soo-mi'i,  t 
city  of  Japan,  capital  of  the  island  of  Ycsso,  at  the  mouth 
of  a  river  on  its  S.  coast,  lat.  41°  32'  N.,  Ion.  140°  E.  Pop. 
estimated  at  50,000.  It  extends  along  the  margin  of  as 
open  bay,  facing  which  is  an  island  with  a  beacon,  shelter- 
ing a  harbor  capable  of  receiving  the  largest  ships. 

Matsmai,  Strait  of,  Japan.    See  Yesso. 

Mattamus'keet  Lake,  North  Carolina,  is  in  Hyde 
CO.,  near  the  coast.     It  communicates  with  Pamlico  Sound, 

Mat^tapan',  a  post-office  of  Suffolk  co.,  Miws.,  is  t 
branch  of  the  Boston  Post-Office,  on  the  New  York  k  New 
England  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  the  initial  station,  and 
at  a  junction  of  a  branch  of  the  Old  Colony  Railroad. 

Mat^tapoi'sett,  a  post-village  in  Mattnpoisett  town- 
ship, Plj'mouth  CO.,  Mass.,  on  Buzzard's  Bay,  and  on  a 
branch  of  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  .about  7  miles  E.  by  N.of 
New  Bedford.  It  is  partly  supported  by  the  fisheries.  It 
has  5  churches,  a  macnine-shop,  and  a  lumber-tuill.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1148. 

Mattapony,  mat'ta-po-nl',  a  river  of  Virginia,  rises  in 
Spottsylvania  co.,  runs  southeastward  through  Caroline  co., 
and  unites  with  the  Pamunkey  at  West  Point  to  form  the 
York  River.  It  is  nearly  125  miles  long.  It  is  formed  by 
4  main  head-streams,  the  Mat,  the  Ta,  the  Po,  and  the  Ky. 

Mattapony,  a  post-office  of  Spottsylvania  co.,  Va. 

Mat'tawa,  or  Mat'awan,  a  river  of  Ontario,  takes 
its  rise  in  Trout  Lake,  runs  in  a  W.  direction  to  the  line 
dividing  the  watershed  of  the  Ottawa  and  the  St.  Law- 
rence on  the  border  of  Lake  Nipissing,  and  enters  the 
Ottawa  308  miles  from  Montreal.  Length,  44i  miles.  A 
sandy  ridge  only  |  of  a  mile  long  separates  its  hea<l-waters 
from  La  RiviSre  do  Vase,  a  small  rapid  stream,  5  miles  long, 
running  into  Lake  Nipissing. 

Mattawa,  a  post-village  in  the  district  of  Nipissing, 
Ontario,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Mattawa  with  the  Ottawa, 
100  miles  above  Pembroke.  It  is  a  post  of  the  Hudson's 
Bay  Company,  and  a  depot  of  supplies  for  lumbermen.  It 
contains  a  church,  2  stores,  a  hotel,  and  a  saw-mill. 

MatHawam'keag,  a  small  river  of  Maine,  rijes  bj 
two  branches  in  Aroostook  co.,  runs  S.W.,  and  enters  the 
Penobscot  River  in  Penobscot  co.,  at  Mattawamkcag. 

MattaAvamkeag,  a  post-village  of  Penobscot  co.,Me, 
in  a  township  of  its  own  name,  on  the  Penobscot  Iliver,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Mattawamkcag.  It  is  on  the  European 
A  North  American  Railroad,  68  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Bangor. 
Here  are  some  railroad  shops.     Pop,  of  township,  356. 


MAT 


1787 


MAU 


llatUawan',  a  post-village  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich., 
jUntwcrp  townsliii),  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad, 
]j  miles  S.W.  of  Kalamazoo,  and  12S  miles  E.N.E,  of 
(jcago.  It  has  a  graded  school,  3  churches,  and  a  money- 
o!er  post-ofBce. 

flnttawaii,  New  Jersey.    See  Matawax. 

.Ifattawan'ua,  a  post-hamlet  in  Bratton  township, 
jllin  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  at  McVey- 
t|n  Station,  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lewistown.  It  has  a 
bpm-factory.    See  also  Shank's  Run. 

latUaw'o'man,  a  post-office  of  Charles  co.,  Md.,  on 
t)  Pope's  Crock  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Potomac  Rail- 
ril,  14  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Port  Tobacco. 

latHeawan',  a  post-village  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Iikill  township,  on  Fishkill  Creek,  about  1  mile  E.  of 
tJ  Hudson  River,  3  miles  E.  of  Newburg,  and  6U  miles  N. 
o;|few  York.  It  is  on  the  Dutchess  <fc  Columbia  Railroad, 
a;j  very  near  the  Hudson  River  Railroad.  It  has  abun- 
dit  water-power,  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  hats,  files, 
biks,  macuinery,  &c. ;  also  a  newspaper  office,  and  5 
cirches.     Pop.  in  1880,  4411;  in  1890,  4278. 

iatterhorn,  the  German  name  of  Mont  Cervin. 

lattersdorf,  mit't^rs-donr  (Hun.  Nagij-Martony, 
XM  maRHon'),  a  town  of  Hungarj',  co.  and  10  miles 
W.W.  of  Oedcnburg.     Pop.  4854. 

lat'tcsoii,  a  post-office  of  Phillips  co.,  Kansas. 

lattcson,  or  Mattison,  a  post-township  of  Branch 
cciMich.,  about  12  miles  W.  of  Coldwater,  is  drained  by 
tlj  St.  Joseph  River,  and  traversed  by  the  Air-Line  di- 
Titon  of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad. 

latteson,  a  township  of  Waupaca  co..  Wis.    Pop.  372. 

tatthews,  math'uz,  a  small  county  in  the  E.  part  of 
.  ,inia,  is  a  peninsula,  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Pianka- 
tat  River,  on  the  E.  by  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  on  the  S.  by 
Mjfjack  Bay,  The  surface  is  level.  'Ihe  soil  is  sandy. 
Irian  corn  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
bfjan  area  of  100  square  miles.  Capital,  Matthews  Court- 
Hiae.     Pop.  in  1870,  6200  ;  in  1880,  7501  ;  in  1890,  7458. 

(atthews,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,Ga. 

latthcws,  a  township  of  Chatham  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  873. 

atthews,  a  post-office  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.C,  on 
th  Carolina  Central  Railroad,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Charlotte. 

atthews  Court-House,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
M  thews  CO.,  Va.,  about  45  miles  N.  of  Norfolk,  and  2 
mis  from  Chesapeake  Bay.  It  has  3  churches  and  an 
acicmy.  The  Norfolk  steamers  come  to  a  wharf  which  is 
2i  iles  from  this  place. 

atthews  Run,  a  post-office  of  AVarren  co.,  Pa. 

atthew's  Summit,  a  station  in  Blair  co.,  Pa.,  on 
thdenrietta  Branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  3  miles 
N. .  of  Henrietta. 

jatthias.  Pacific  Ocean.  See  Prince  William  Henry. 

.kittiacum,  the  ancient  name  of  Marburg. 

-kittie,  mitt'yd  or  mUtHee',  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
of  lirin.     Pop.  of  commune,  2241. 

Jat'tie,  a  post-office  of  Roane  co.,  W.  "Va, 

Jnt'tison,  or  Mat'teson,  a  post-village  in  Rich 
to^'lship,  Cook  co..  111.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad 
whe  it  crosses  the  Joliet  division  of  the  Michigan  Central 
Ka|oad,  28  miles  S.  of  Chicago.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and 
Be^jfll  stores.     Pop.  in  1890,  323. 

.nttison,  Branch  co.,  Mich.     See  Matteson. 

int'tituck,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Soiiold  township,  on  Great  Pecoiiic  Bay,  on  the  Long 
Isljd  Railroad,  and  on  Mattituck  Creek,  84  miles  E.  by  N. 
of  k-ooklyn,  and  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Riverhead.  It  has  2 
chthes. 

Jnttoax,  Amelia  co.,  Va.    See  Matoax. 

Jatto-Grosso,  mJt'to-gros'so,  or  Mato-Grosso 
("icat  or  dense  forest"),  an  extensive  state  of  Brazil, 
boiferini;  on  Bolivia.  Area,  532,708  square  miles.  It  has 
on  ke  E.  the  river  Aragua,  and  on  the  AV.  the  Madeira 
anqJuapure,  and  is  in  part  drained  by  the  Tapajos.  It  is 
traipsed  by  several  low  mountain-chains,  but  is  in  great 
pai^  plain,  portions  of  which  are  open,  but  largo  areas 
arejlensely  wooded.  The  province  is  rich  in  minerals. 
Ttub  is  scarcely  a  district  in  which  gold  is  not  found,  and 
iroi|s  abundant.  Rock  salt  and  saltpetre  are  worked  to  a 
limH  extent.  Over  an  extensive  region  near  the  centre 
diahnd-mines  have  been  wrought  from  a  very  remote 
per  i,  and  still  continue  to  yield  a  revenue.  Capital,  Cu- 
yat     Estimated  pop.  in  1888,  79,750. 

Atto-Grosso,  or  Villa  Bella,  veel'li  b^l'li,  a  city 
of  iazil,  in  the  above  state,  on  a  height  above  the  right 
barlof  the  Guapore,  below  the  confluence  of  the  Alegre,  300 
miliW.  of  Cuyabii,  The  houses  are  low,  constructed  of 
earjand  wood,  and  covered  with  tiles,  and,  being  white- 


washed both  within  and  without,  have  a  cheerful  and  com- 
fortable appearance.  It  has  3  churches,  a  town  house, 
a  smelting-house,  a  hospital,  barracks,  and  an  arsenal,  also 
a  Latin  and  2  primary  schools.  Its  only  trade  is  in  horses 
and  cattle. 

Mattol,  miVtHol',  a  river  of  Southeast  Africa,  rises  in 
a  salt-water  marsh  in  the  interior,  and  falls  into  Delagoa 
Bay. 

Mattole,  mat-tol',  a  small  river  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal., 
runs  northwestward,  and  enters  the  Pacific  Ocean  about  14 
miles  S.  of  Cape  Mendocino.     Its  valley  is  fertile. 

Mattole,  a  township  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  453. 

Mat^toon',  a  post-town  in  Mattoon  township,  Coles  co., 
111.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  (Chicago  division) 
where  it  crosses  the  Indianapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  and 
on  the  Grayville  &  Mattoon  Railroad,  11  miles  W.  of 
Charleston,  172  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Chicago,  and  42  miles 
S.E.  of  Decatur.  It  is  also  on  the  Chicago  <&  Illinois  South- 
ern Railroad.  It  contains  8  churches,  2  national  banks.  1 
other  bank,  and  some  machine-shops  and  car-works  of  the 
Central  Railroad.  One  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers  are 
published  here.  It  has  2  fine  school-houses,  which  cost 
$60,000.     Pop.  in  1890,  6833;  of  the  township,  7790. 

Mattrah,  a  town  of  Arabia.     See  Muttra. 

Matts'ville,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  Ind. 

Matuku,  one  of  the  Feejee  Islands.     See  Matookoo. 

Matum'ma,  or  Metem'ma,  a  town  of  Nubia,  on  the 
Nile,  90  miles  N.N.E.  of  Khartoom.  It  has  manufactures 
of  cotton  scarfs. 

Matnra,  mi'too-rS.,  or  Matara,  mi'ti-ri,  a  town  and 
port  of  Ceylon,  capital  of  Matura  district,  on  its  S.  coast, 
26  miles  E.  of  Galle.  Pop.  of  town,  18,636;  of  district, 
14.3,496. 

Maturatta,  m3.-too-rit'tS.,  a  maritime  town  and  port 
of  Ceylon,  S.E.  of  Kandy. 

lUaturin,  m3,-too-reen',  a  town  of  Venezuela,  state  of 
Bermudez,  on  a  river  which  falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Paria. 
Lat.  9°  30'  N.;  Ion.  62°  50'  W.     Pop.  12,944. 

Maturin,  a  former  state  of  Venezuela,  in  the  E.,  ex- 
tending from  the  Orinoco  northward  to  the  Gulf  of  Coro. 
It  is  now  included  in  the  state  of  Bermudez. 

Mat'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Raleigh  co.,  W.  Va.,  10 
miles  W.  of  Raleigh  Court-House.     It  has  a  church. 

Matzdorf,  mits'doRf,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Zips, 
on  the  Poprad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Kesmark.     Pop.  1014, 

Maud,  or  Porto  de  Maua,  poR'to  di  mow-S,',  a  town 
of  Brazil,  at  the  N,  end  of  the  Bay  of  Rio  Janeiro,  12  miles 
by  steam  ferry  N.  of  the  capital,  A  railway  extends  hence 
to  Petropolis. 

Mauban,  mow-bln',  a  town  of  Luzon,  Philippine 
Islands,  on  its  E.  coast,  S.E.  of  Manila.     Pop.  5000. 

Maubert-Fontaine,  mo'baiR'-f6N<>'tAn',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Ardennes,  6  miles  S.AV.  of  Rocroy.     Pop.  1479. 

Maubcugc,  mo^buzh'  (L.  Malhodium),  a  fortified  town 
of  France,  in  Nord,  on  the  Sambre,  11  miles  N.  of  Avesnes. 
Pop.  5110.  It  has  a  communal  college,  a  national  factory 
of  fire-arms,  iron-foundries,  and  manufactures  of  steel 
goods,  hardware,  paper,  sugar,  Ac. 

Maubourguct,  mo'booR^gi'  (L.  Malburgetnm),  a  town 
of  France,  in  Ilautes-Pyr6n6es,  on  the  Adour,  16  miles  N. 
of  Tarbcs.     Excellent  wine  is  made  here.     Pop.  3570. 

Maubray,  mo'bri',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut, 
24  miles  W.  of  Mons,     Pop,  1750. 

Mauch  Chunk,  mawk-chunk',  a  post-village  of  Ma- 
haska CO.,  Iowa,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Oskaloosa. 

Mauch  Chunk,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Carbon  co., 
Pa.,  is  in  Mauch  Chunk  township,  on  the  AV,  bank  of  the 
Lehigh  River,  29  miles  N,AV.  of  Allentown,  and  89  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  is  on  the  Lehigh  A'allcy  Rail- 
road and  the  Lehigh  <fc  Susquehanna  Railroad.  It  is  also 
connected  with  Tamaqua  by  the  Tamaqua  Branch  Railroad. 
It  is  picturesquely  situated  in  a  narrow  valley  or  ravine 
between  steep  hills  which  rise  about  1500  feet  above  tho 
tide-water  and  contain  rich  deposits  of  anthracite  coal. 
The  names  of  these  hills  are  Mount  Pisgah,  Bear  Moun- 
tain, and  Mauch  Chunk  Mountain.  Here  is  a  bed  of  coal 
50  feet  thick  and  of  excellent  quality.  A  railroad  called 
the  Switchback,  9  miles  long,  extends  from  Mauch  Chunk 
to  Summit  Hill.  The  oars  of  this  road  are  drawn  by  sta- 
tionary engines  on  an  inclined  plane  to  the  top  of  Mount 
Pisgah,  from  which  they  descend  by  their  own  gravity. 
This  railroad  is  used  chiefly  for  pleasure- excursions.  The 
grand  and  picturesque  scenery  here  presented  attracts  nu- 
merous visitors  in  summer.  Mauch  Chunk  contains  6 
churches,  2  national  banks,  a  savings-bank,  an  academy,  2 
hotels,  2  foundries,  several  iron-works,  and  a  number  o{ 
elegant  resiiences.    Two  or  3  weekly  newspapers  are  pub- 


MAU 


1788 


MATT 


lished  here.  A  bridge  across  the  river  connects  tliis  town 
with  BMt  Hauoh  Chunk.  The  output  of  coiil  in  Carbon  co. 
MBOunts  to  over  one  million  tons  a  j-ear.  The  coal  is  carried 
to  market  partljr  hy  the  canal  of  the  Lehigh  Navigation 
Company.     Pop.  in  1890,  410*;  of  the  township,  2448. 

Maachline^  moK'lin  (Celtic,  Magk,  a  "  meadow,"  Linn, 
%  "  lake"),  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  at  a  railway 
junction,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Kilmarnock,  on  the  Ayr.  It  has 
a  public  library,  branch  bank,  and  manufactures  of  snuiT- 
boxos  and  cotton  goods.     Pop.  1574. 

Mauck'purt)  a  post-village  of  Uarrison  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Hcth  township,  on  toe  Ohio  Uiver,  about  40  miles  below 
Louisville,  and  30  miles  by  land  S.W.  of  New  Albany.  It 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  400. 

Maud'Sf  mawdz,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Cleveland,  Columbus  tfc  Cincinnati  Railroad,  22  miles  N.  of 
Cincinnati. 

Mauer,  mSw'^r,  sometimes  written  Mowcr^  a  village 
of  Lower  Austria,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  1674. 

Mnucrkirchcn,  mOw'^r-kisSnK^^n,  or  Mawerkir- 
Chen,  a  town  of  Austria,  8  miles  from  Brunau.     P.  1151. 

Mauermtinster,  the  German  name  of  Marmoutikk. 

Mau'gerville,  a  post-village  in  Sunbury  co..  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  river  St.  John,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Fred- 
ericton.  It  contains  2  churches,  a  store,  and  a  ship-yard. 
Pop.  300. 

Mauguio,  m5'ghco'o'  (L.  Malgorium),  a,  town  of  France, 
in  Ilfiroult,  on  the  railway  to  Nlmea,  and  on  the  lagoon 
Mauguio,  6  miles  E.  of  Montpellicr.     Pop.  1718. 

Maui,  or  Mowee,  mSw'ee,  one  of  the  Sandwich  Is- 
lands, in  the  North  Pacific  Ocean,  N.AV.  from  Ilawaii.  Lat. 
of  the  S.E.  point,  20°  44'  N. ;  Ion.  155°  58'  W.  It  is  di- 
vided into  two  oval-shaped  peninsulas,  connected  by  a  low 
isthmus.  The  peninsulas,  called  respectively  East  Maui 
and  West  Maui,  rise,  the  former  to  a  height  of  10,000  feet, 
terminating  in  a  crater  2700  feet  deep,  and  falling  almost 
perpendicularly  towards  the  sea  ;  the  latter,  to  an  elevation 
of  6100  feet,  and  having  many  sharp  peaks  and  ridges, 
divided  by  deep  valleys,  which,  in  descending  towards  the 
sea,  form  sloping  plains  on  the  N.  and  S.  sides  of  consider- 
able extent.  Numerous  beautiful  cascades  pour  over  the 
rocks,  from  heights  of  several  hundred  feet.  On  the  W. 
side  is  the  town  of  Lahaina,  formerly  resorted  to  by 
whalers.     Pop.  12,334. 

Maiiki,  an  island  in  the  South  Pacific.    See  PAnRY. 

Maulda,  a  town  of  India.     See  Malda. 

Maulde,  mold,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Ilainaut,  21 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Mons.     Pop.  1350. 

Maule,  mSw'lA,  a  river  of  Chili,  enters  the  Pacific  near 
the  village  of  Constitucion,  100  miles  N.E.  of  Concepcion, 
after  a  W.  course  of  180  miles.     It  gives  name  to  a  province. 

Maule,  a  province  of  Chili,  enclosed  by  Talca,  Linares, 
Nuble,  and  the  sea.  Area,  2930  square  miles.  Capital, 
Constitucion.     Pop.  127,650. 

Mauleon,  moMi'^No',  a  town  of  France,  in  Basses- 
Pyrenees.  25  miles  S.W.  of  Pau.     Pop.  1763. 

Maul^vrier,  mo'liVre-i.',  a  village  of  Franco,  depart- 
ment of  Maine-et-Loire,  on  the  Moine.     Pop.  1913. 

Manllin,  mi-ool-yeen',  a  village  of  Chili,  province  of 
Llanquihue,  on  a  large  bay,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Maullin 
(a  considerable  river),  40  miles  N.E.  of  Ancud.     Pop.  308. 

Mauimaiti,  mawrmln',  or  Moulmein,  mdwrmin', 
written  also  Moelmyne,  Moulaming,  and  Molmen, 
a  town  of  British  Burmah,  capital  of  the  district  of  Am- 
herst and  of  the  Tenasserim  division,  30  miles  N.  of  Am- 
herst. It  is  on  a  peninsula  between  the  Sahvin,  Attaram, 
and  Oyne  Rivers,  opposite  Martaban,  and  has  a  good  port, 
sheltered  by  Balu  Island,  and  a  large  trade  in  teak,  rice, 
betel,  and  ivory.     Pop.  in  1891,  57,920. 

Manmee,  maw'mee*,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Maumee  River.     Pop.  394. 

Maumee,  or  South  Tole'do,  a  post-village  of 
Waynesfield  township,  Lucas  co.,  0.,  is  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Maumee  River,  opposite  Perrysburg,  on  the  AVabash 
Railroad  and  the  Toledo,  St.  Louis  <fe  Kansas  City  Railroad, 
9  miles  S.W.  of  Toledo.  Steamboats  can  ascend  the  river 
to  this  place,  which  is  also  on  the  Wabash  <t  Erie  Canal. 
It  contains  6  churches,  a  union  school,  a  bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  3  paper-mills,  .3  flouring-mills,  on  iron-foundry,  a 
machine-shop,  and  a  woollen-factory.  Here  is  a  Methodist 
institution  styled  the  Central  Ohio  Conference  Seminary. 
Pop.  in  1880,  1780;  in  1890,  1645. 

Maumee  Pike,  a  station  in  Wood  co.,  0.,  on  the  Co- 
lumbus ife  Toledo  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Toledo. 

Maumee  River  is  formed  by  the  St.  Joseph's  and  St. 
Mary's  Rivers,  which  unite  at  Fort  Wayne,  in  Indiana. 
It  runs  northeastward   into   Paulding  co.,  0.,  intersects 


the  COS.  of  Defiance  and  Henry,  forms  the  boundary  h^ 
twccn  Lucas  and  Wood,  and  enters  Lake  Eric,  at  iu  W 
end,  about  5  miles  N.E.  of  Toledo.  It  is  nearly' 180  niilei 
long.  The  chief  towns  on  its  banks  arc  Toledo,  Fort  AVavn«, 
Defiance,  and  Napoleon.  Steamboats  can  ascend  it  alwui 
60  miles  during  high  water.  The  Wabash  ,t  Erie  Caiul 
extends  along  this  river  from  Lake  Erie  to  Fort  Wojne. 

Maumclle,  maw-mil',  a ])ost-officc  of  Pulaski  co..  Ark., 
on  the  Maumelle  River,  27  miles  W.N.W.  of  Little  Rock. 

Mauna,  an  island  in  the  Pacific.    See  Maoo.na. 

Mauna  Loa,  mOw'n&  lo'H,  or  Mauua  Itoa  ("groat 
mountain"),  a  volcano  of  Ilawaii,  on  the  i.slaml  of  Hawaii 
13,760  feet  high.  It  has  several  craters,  and  is  one  of  the 
most  remarkable  volcanic  cones  in  the  world. 

Mau-Nath  Bhau^jan',  a  town  of  India,  Aaimihw 
district.     Pop.  13,765. 

Maunbhoom,  a  district  of  India.    See  Manbhooji. 

MaundVcc',  a  town  of  India,  presidency  and  13  milei 
S.E.  of  Bombay. 

Maune's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Mo. 

Maunkaira,  mawn-ki'ri,  written  also  Munkerc,» 
fortified  town  of  the  Punjab,  between  the  Jbyluiu  and  In- 
dus  Rivers,  38  miles  S.E.  of  Bukkur.  Lat.  31°  23'  N.-  Ion. 
71°  30'  E.  _ 

Maupiti,  an  island  in  the  South  Pacific.    See  MARtj*. 

Maur,  mowu,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  T 
miles  S.E.  of  Zurich,  on  the  S.W.  side  of  the  Greiffeoaec, 

Maurepas,  mo-re-p4',  a  lake  situated  in  the  E.  part 
of  Louisiana,  at  the  mouth  of  Amite  River,  communicatei 
with  Lake  Pontchartrain  by  an  outlet  about  3  miles  long 
Its  form  is  orbicular,  and  its  greatest  extent  13  miles. 

Maurepas,  a  post-office  of  Livingston  parish,  La.,  ij 
Catfish  Landing  Bluff. 

Mau'rcrtown,  a  post-village  of  Shenandoah  co.,  Va, 
on  the  Harper's  Ferry  <fc  Valley  Branch  Railroad,  5  uiikt 
N.N.E.  of  Woodstock.     It  has  4  churches. 

Mauriac,  mo're-ik'  (L.  Mtuiriactiin),  a  town  of  France, 
in  Cantal,  36  miles  W.N.W.  of  Saint-Flour.  Pop.  2357.  It 
has  a  fine  Gothic  church,  a  communal  college,  and  trade  in 
horses  and  mules. 

Mau'ricc,  a  station  of  Kenton  oo.,  Ky.,  on  the  Loaii- 
ville,  Cincinnati  &  Lexington  Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of 
Newport. 

Maurice  River,  New  Jersey,  rises  in  Gloucester  co, 
runs  southward  through  Cumberland  co.,  and  enters  Dela- 
ware Bay.    Schooners  ascend  it  to  Millville,  about  20  miles, 

Maurice  River,  a  township  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.J, 
on  Delaware  Bay.     Pop.  2500. 

fliau'ricetown,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co„ 
N.J.,  on  Maurice  River,  2i  miles  from  Underwood  Station, 
and  about  9  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Millville.  It  has  a  church, 
a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  canning-factory,  and 
a  steam  saw-mill.  Pop.  about  600.  Maurieetown  Statior 
is  on  the  Bridgeton  &  Port  Norris  Railroad,  16  miles  S.S.E 
of  Bridgeton. 

Mauri  Monasterium,  the  Latin  for  MAnMouiii.: 

Mauritania,  an  ancient  name  of  BAnuARV. 

Mauritania  Tingitaua,  Africa.    See  Morocco,     j 

Mauritius,  maw-rish'e-iis,  or  Isle  of  France  (F|| 
Jle  Maurice,  eel  mo'reess'),  an  island  of  the  Indian  Ocean 
a  colony  of  Great  Britain,  E.  from  the  islands  of  Madagas- 
car and  Bourbon.  Lat.  (Port  Louis,  the  capital)  20°  9'  •12' 
S. ;  Ion.  57°  28'  45"  E.  It  is  of  an  oval  form,  39  milet; 
from  N.E.  to  SAY.,  and  34  miles  in  its  greatest  breadth^ 
It  is  surrounded  by  coral  reefs,  and  in  the  interior  is  com-j 
posed  chiefly  of  rugged  and  irregular  mountains,  risinjj 
usually  into  points  or  pinnacles  of  considerable  height,  thi] 
highest,  the  Brabant  Mountain,  being  3000  feet,  and  tbij 
singular  insulated  rock  Peter  Botte  2600  feet.  Betweei 
the  mountains  and  along  the  coast  there  are  several  largii 
and  fertile  plains  and  valleys,  well  watered  by  numeroa, 
streamlets,  and  having  an  exceedingly  rich  soil  of  black  vegei 
table  mould  or  stiS'  clay.  The  climate  is  unhealthy,  andlhi 
island  is  subject  to  violent,  frequent,  and  destructive  hum , 
canes.  Shady  groves  of  mango,  dense  masses  of  mimosa, 
and  nearly  every  beautiful  tree  of  the  tropics,  are  to  b; 
met  with  in  Mauritius,  Many  plants  from  Europe,  -4^'^ 
Madagascar,  and  India  are  acclimated,  and  thrive  well.  Ttt 
principal  objects  of  cultivation  are  sugar,  rice,  maize,  mapi 
dioc,  and  vegetables;  coffee,  pepper,  and  the  mulberry  fo 
the  production  of  silk  are  grown  to  a  limited  extent.  Sags 
and  rum  are  the  staple  exports.  Mauritius  is  traversed  b; 
lines  of  railway.  The  government  of  the  island  is  restei 
in  a  governor  and  a  colonial  legislative  council,  subordinat 
to  the  orders  of  the  sovereign  in  council.  Mauritins  *• 
discovered  in  1505  by  the  Portuguese.  The  Dutch  too 
possession  of  it  in  1598,  and  named  it  Mauritius  in  bano 


MAU 


1789 


MAY 


Ol|*rince  Maurice.     It  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  French  in 

1,  who  retained  it  till  ISIO,  when  it  was  captured  by 
British.  It  is  well  known  as  the  scene  of  St.  Pierre's 
of  "  Paul  and  Virginia."  The  principal  towns  are  Port 
llis  and  Mahijbourg.  French  is  the  language  chiefly 
jikcn.  Many  of  the  people  are  of  African,  Hindoo, 
Chesc,  and  Malagassy  race.     Pop.  (1886)  370,404. 

ianron,  moVS.v',  a  town  of  France,  in  Morbihan,  12 
nbs  N.N.E.  of  Plocruiel.     Pop.  885. 

■aiiro-Potaraos,  Greece.    See  Mavro-Potamos. 

iaiirs,  nioR  (L.  Murtium),  a  town  of  France,  in  Can- 
tiho  miles  S.AV.  of  Aurillac.     Pop.  1949. 

laiiraa,  or  Maupiti,  Society  Islands.    See  Mauua. 

Eaiiry,  inaw'ree,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee,  has  an 
ai  of  about  580  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Duck 
Bjcr,  which  runs  westward.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nrly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of 
car,  ash,  hickory,  walnut,  and  poplar  or  tulip-trcc.  The 
Bcfis  very  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  wheat, 
lijber,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
ifrsccted  by  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad  and 
tJ  Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  both  of 
■HJch  connect  with  the  capital,  Columbia.  Pop.  in  1870, 
Sfe89;  in  1880,  39,904;  in  1890,  38,112. 

laury  City,  a  post-office  of  Crockett  co.,  Tenn. 

Sauston,  maws'tpn,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Wilkin 
cifjlinn.,  on  the  Red  River  &  Manitoba  Railroad,  17  miles 
M)f  Breckenridge. 

flauston,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Juneau  co.,  "Wis., 
iiLemonwcir  township,  on  the  Lemonweir  River,  and  on 
llTchicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  36  miles 
■\W.^y.  of  Portage  City,  and  63  miles  E.  of  La  Crosse. 
Ihas  6  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  machine- 
slip,  a  foundry,  a  plough-factorj',  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw- 
uj,  for  which  the  river  affords  motive-power.     Pop.  1118. 

jlautern,  m5w'tern,  a  town  of  Austria,  Styria,  20  miles 
MIof  Bruck,  with  mineral  baths  and  iron-works.     P.  652. 

lautern,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria,  on  the  Danube, 
ofcsite  Stein,  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  964. 

lauth,  mowt,  or  Megto,  mSg'to,  a  town  of  Bohemia, 
2:&iles  S.W.  of  Beraun.     Pop.  1750. 

lauthausen,  mowt'how^zen,  a  town  of  Upper  Aus- 
tiL  on  the  Danube,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Enns.     Pop.  1657. 

lauvaisc  (moViz')  River,  or  Mush'kee,  a  small 
gthm  of  Wisconsin,  rises  in  La  Pointe  co.,  and  flows  into 
L[e  Superior. 

lauvaises  Terres,  mo-viz-tair'  ("bad  lands"),  an 
einsive  barren  tract  in  South  Dakota  and  Nebraska,  be- 
tien  the  Nerth  Fork  of  the  Platte  and  the  South  Fork 
oihe  Cheyenne.  It  is  an  arid,  treeless  region  of  the  ter- 
tik  formation,  and  contains  many  fossil  bones  of  the  rhi- 
nipros  and  other  large  animals.  This  region  is  described 
bn).  D.  Owen  in  the  following  passage :  "  From  the  uni- 
fop,  monotonous,  open  prairie  the  traveller  suddenly  de- 
Bclds  one  or  two  hundred  feet  into  a  valley  that  looks  as 
ifr-  had  sunk  away  from  the  surrounding  world,  leaving 
stlding  all  over  it  thousands  of  abrupt  irregular  prismatic 
an  columnar  masses.  Viewed  in  the  distance,  these  rocky 
pre,  in  their  endless  succession,  assume  the  appearance  of 
msive  artificial  structures  decked  out  with  all  the  acces- 
sops  of  buttress  and  turret,  arched  doorway,  and  clustered 
sHt,  pinnacle,  and  tapering  spire." 

kauvaise  Terre,  mo-vAz-tair',  a  township  of  Morgan 
ocpil.     Pop.  736. 

Jauvaleekarray,  mawH'l^lee^kar-ri',  a  large  town 
offndia,  in  Travancore,  52  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cochin. 

lauvezin,  moH'§h-zi>->i'  (L.  Mnlueainum),  a  town  of 
Ftoce,  in  Gers,  19  miles  S.E.  of  Lectoure.     Pop.  1583. 

|fauz6,  mo'zA',  a  town  of  France,  in  Deux-Sfivres,  on 
tbfright  bank  of  the  Mignon,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Niort. 

lavcrah,  Algeria.    See  Cape  IIamrah. 

lav'erick,  a  southwestern  county  of  Texas,  borders  on 
Mpco.  Area,  about  1320  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
t*|S.W.  by  the  Rio  Grande,  and  is  intersected  by  Elm 
Cpk.  The  soil  produces  pasture  for  many  cattle  and 
hHp,  but  is  mostly  uncultivated.  Cattle  are  the  chief 
amies  of  export.  Capital,  Eagle  Pass,  on  the  Rio  Grande. 
PL  in  1870,  1951;  in  1880,  2967;  in  1890,  3(198. 

lavillet,  miVeerii',  a  settlement  in  Digby  co.,  Nova 
Suia,  18  miles  from  Yarmouth.  Pop.  240. 
[avromati,  a  village  of  Greece.  See  Messen'e. 
lavro- (or  Mauro-)  Potamos,  mav'ro-pot'i-mos 
(ai.  Ach'erou),  a  river  of  Greece,  Epirus,  enters  the  Medi- 
twnean  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Parga,  after  a  S.W.  course  of 
4Ciile3.  From  the  N.  it  receives  the  river  anciently  called 
thiCiicytus  ;  und  both  streams  were  by  the  Greek  mythol- 
ojjia  reputed  to  be  rivers  of  hell. 


Mavro- (or  Mauro-)  Potamos  (anc.  CepMs'sus),  % 
river  of  Greece,  falls  into  Lake  Topolias  (anc.  Copais). 

Mavro- Vouno,  miv'ro-voo'no  (or  the  "black  moun- 
tain"), a  triple-peaked  height  of  Greece,  Epirus.  Eleva- 
tion, 1500  feet. 

Maw'cook,  a  post-village  in  Sheffield  co.,  Quebec,  6 
miles  N.W.  of  Granby.  It  has  4  saw-mills,  a  tannery,  and 
2  stores.     Pop.  200. 

Mawerkirchen,  Austria.    See  Mauerkiuchen. 

Mawo,  maw'wo,  a  walled  town  of  Africa,  capital  of 
Kanem,  50  miles  N.E.  of  Lake  Chad.     Pop.  4000. 

Max'ataAVney,  a  post-township  of  Berks  co.,  Pa., 
about  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Reading,  is  intersected  by  a  branch 
of  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railroad.  It  joins  the 
borough  of  Kutztown,  and  contains  villages  named  Bower's 
Station  and  Lyons.     It  has  2  iron-furnaces.     Pop.  2531. 

Maxdorf,  m3,x'doiif,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  9  miles  from 
Rcichenberg.     Pop.  1350. 

Maxen,  mix'^n,  a  village  of  Saxony,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Dresden,  with  a  castle  and  mineral  baths.  In  1759  the 
Austrians  here  defeated  the  Prussians. 

Maxent,  mix'6^•o',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ille-ct-Vi- 
laine,  arrondissemcnt  of  Montfort.     Pop.  255. 

Maxentiopolis  Pictonum.    See  Sai.nt-Maixent. 

Maxey's,  max'iz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oglethorpe  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  Athens  Branch  Railroad,  28  miles  S.E.  of  Athens. 

Max'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bremer  co.,  Iowa,  in  Max- 
field  township,  10  miles  E.  of  Waverly,  and  16  miles  N.  of 
Waterloo.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of  the  township,  900 
The  township  contains  2  other  churches. 

Maxfield,  a  post-township  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  about 
36  miles  N.  of  Bangor,  is  intersected  by  the  Piscataquis 
River.     Pop.  156. 

Max'imo,  a  post-office  of  Stark  co.,  0.   See  SmASBCHG. 

MaxUnkuck'ee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  Ind,, 
about  32  miles  N.  of  Logansport. 

Max  Meadows,  a  post-village  of  Wythe  co.,  A'n.,  on 
the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad,  125  miles  AV.S.W. 
of  Lynchburg.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  tobacco-factorj'. 

Max'on's  Mills,apost-hamlct  of  McCraeken  co..  Ivy., 
on  Massack  Creek,  7  miles  W.  of  Paducah.  It  has  3  stores 
and  1  or  2  mills. 

Max'ville,  a  post-office  of  Sharp  co.,  Ark. 

Maxville,  a  post-office  of  Duval  co.,  Fla.,  on  the  Transit 
Railroad,  55  miles  W.S.W.  of  Fernandina. 

Maxville,  Indiana.     See  Macksville. 

Maxville,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co..  Mo.,  IS  miles 
S.AV.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  a  church,  a  hotel,  and  2  or  3 
stores. 

Maxville,  Huron  co.,  0.     See  Peru. 

Maxville,  a  post-village  of  Perry  co.,  0.,  in  Monday 
Creek  township,  IJ  miles  from  Winona  Station,  and  about 
30  miles  S.S.W.  of  Zanesville.  It  has  a  church,  and  mines 
of  coal  and  iron. 

Maxville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Maxville  township,  Buffalo 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Chippewa  River,  about  23 
miles  E.  of  Red  Wing,  Minn.     Pop.  of  the  township,  515. 

Max'well,  a  station  in  Tuscaloosa  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Alabama  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Tuscaloosa. 

Maxwell,  a  post-village  of  Colusa  co.,  Cal.,  on  a  branch 
of  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  about  5  miles  N.  of  Co- 
lusa Junction. 

Maxwell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bay  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Jack- 
son, Lansing  &  Saginaw  Railroad,  at  State  Road  Crossing, 
15  miles  N.  of  Bay  City.     It  is  also  called  Michie. 

Maxwell,  a  post-office  and  railroad  station  of  Franklin 
CO.,  Tenn.,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Winchester. 

Max'well,  a  post-village  in  Grey  co.,  Ontario,  21  miles 
S.S.W.  of  CoUingwood.     It  contains  3  stores  and  2  hotels. 

Maxwell's,  a  station  in  Livingston  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Canandaigua,  Batavia  &  Tonawanda  Railroad,  21  miles  E. 
of  Batavia. 

Maxwell's,  a  station  in  Columbus  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
AVilmington,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  28  miles  AV. 
of  AVilmington. 

Max'welltown,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Kirkcud- 
bright, on  the  Nith,  opposite  Dumfries.  It  has  an  observa- 
tory and  some  manufactures.     Pop.  4198. 

May,  an  islet  of  Scotland,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Firth  of 
Forth,  6  miles  E.S.E.  of  Fife-Ness,  1  mile  in  length,  with  a 
light  240  feet  high.     Lat.  56°  11'  N. ;  Ion.  2°  33'  W. 

May,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Perth,  joins  the  Earn. 

May,  a  small  river  oi"  Wales,  co.  of  Carnarvon. 

May,  or  Le  May,  l^h  mk,  a  village  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Maine-et-Loire,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Bcaupr6au. 

May,  a  township  of  Christian  co.,  111.     Pop.  681. 

May,  a  township  of  Lee  co.,  III.    Pop.  1007. 


MAY 


1790 


MAY 


May*  Tusoola  oo.,  Mioh.    Sm  MArriLLK. 

Mayy  &  posUoffloe  of  Martin  oo.,  Minn. 

May}  a  poat-offioe  of  Kearney  co.,  Nob. 

May,  a  poat-offioe  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  about  15  milet 
6.E.  of  Lancaator. 

Mayaco,  uiI-&'l{o,  a  town  of  Ilayti,  on  the  N.  ooost, 
about  25  luilcs  N.E.  of  Cape  Engaflo. 

Mayn(;iiana,  Wost  Indies.    See  Mariguana. 

Mayaguez,  mI-&-\rda'  or  ml-i-wdz',  a  port  of  the  island 
of  Porto  Rico,  West  Indies,  70  miles  S.\Y,  of  San  Juan,  the 
capital.  It  is  the  third  town  in  importance  on  the  island. 
It  is  clean,  lighted  by  gas,  and  has  a  street  railway,  a 
newspaper,  a  savings-bank,  telegraph  lines,  and  a  good 
water-supply.  The  exports  and  imports  have  each  exceeded 
$3,000,000  in  a  year.  Sugar,  molasses,  cofToe,  hides,  fruit, 
and  turtle-shell  are  leading  exports.     Pop.  12,000. 

itfnyari,  ml-il-reo',  a  seaport  town  on  the  N.  coast  of 
Cuba,  near  the  mouth  of  a  small  stream  which  flows  into 
the  Bay  of  Nipo.  It  is  celebrated  for  fine  tobacco.  Lat. 
20°  45'  N.;  Ion.  75°  30'  W.     Pop.  about  3000. 

Mayas,  ml'ls,  a  nation  of  American  Indians,  who,  be- 
fore the  Spanish  conquest,  occupied  the  whole  peninsula  of 
Yucatan,  including  Tabasco.  Though  nearly  extinct  as  a 
tribe,  their  language  is  still  spoken  by  the  Indians  of  all 
the  countries  originally  in  their  possession. 

May'bee,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  in  Exeter 
township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Canada  Southern  Railroad,  36 
miles  S.\V.  of  Detroit.  It  has  2  churches,  a  hotel,  a  cheese- 
factory,  a  flour-mill,  4  stores,  Ac. 

May  Bell,  a  post-office  of  Sioux  co.,  Iowa. 

May'berry,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Md. 

Mayberry,  a  township  of  Montour  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  215. 

Mayberry  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Patrick  co.,  Va., 
40  miles  S.  of  Christiansburg.     It  has  a  church. 

May'binton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Newberry  co.,  S.C, 
about  45  miles  N.W.  of  Columbia.     It  has  a  church. 

May'bole,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  and  7i  miles  by  rail 
S.  of  Ayr.  Pop.  3797.  The  town  contains  various  stately 
antique  buildings,  including  the  castle,  the  ancient  seat  of 
the  Cassilis  family,  also  manufactures  for  Glasgow  houses, 
employing  numerous  hands,  mostly  Irish. 

Maycal'Iin  Creek,  of  Arkansas,  flows  through  Pope 
CO.,  and  enters  the  Arkansas  near  the  line  of  Johnson  co. 

May  Day,  a  post-office  of  Riley  co.,  Kansas,  16  miles 
N.E.  of  Clay  Centre.     Pop.  of  May  Day  township,  981. 

Maydourghaut,  mi-door-gawt',  a  town  of  India,  Ni- 
zam's dominion,  140  miles  S.E.  of  Hyderabad. 

Mayen,  mi'^n,  a  walled  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  15 
miles  W.  of  Coblentz.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth, 
red  leather,  and  earthenware.     Pop.  6839. 

Mayeuce,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Mextz. 

Mayenfeld,  mi'?n-f51t\  a  town  of  Switzerland,  in 
Grisons,  near  the  Rhino,  11  miles  N.  of  Chur.     Pop.  1200. 

Mayenne,  or  La  Mayenne,  mi'yfinn'  or  mi'dnn' 
(L.  Medunna),  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  the  department 
of  Ornc,  flows  S.,  and  unites  with  the  Loir  and  Sarthe  in 
forming  the  Maine;  total  course,  about  125  miles,  of  which 
about  65  miles  are  navigable. 

Mayenne,  a  department  in  the  N.W.  of  France,  formed 
of  part  of  the  old  province  of  Maine-et-Perche.  Area, 
1986  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1891,  332,387.  Surface  gener- 
ally flat.  Sufficient  corn  is  raised  for  consumption;  cider 
and  perry  are  extensively  made;  lint  and  hemp  are  grown, 
and  the  forests  furnish  timber  for  the  marine.  Chief  in- 
dustry, spinning  and  weaving  of  cotton  and  linen.  Chief 
river,  the  Mayenne.  The  department  is  divided  into  the 
arrondissements  of  Ch^teau-Gonthier,  Laval,  and  Mayenne. 
Capital,  Laval. 

Mayenne  (L.  Meduana),  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Mayenne,  17  miles  N.N.E.  of  Laval,  chiefly  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Mayenne,  but  connected  by  a  bridge  with  a 
suburb  on  the  left  bank.  It  has  a  largo  public  square, 
adorned  with  a  fountain,  a  hotel  de  ville,  two  churches, 
and  an  old  castle  of  the  Lords  of  Mayenne,  picturesquely 
overhanging  the  bridge.  The  manufactures  of  linen,  calico, 
and  ticks  are  important,  and  employ  about  SOOO  persons  in 
and  around  the  town.  There  are  also  cotton-mills,  bleach- 
fields,  and  dye-works.     Pop.  8826. 

May'erville,or  May'ersville,  a  post-village,  capital 
of  Issaquena  co..  Miss.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  70  miles 
above  Yicksburg.  It  has  a  court-house  and  3  churches. 
Cotton  is  shipped  here. 

Mayesville,  maz-vil,  or  May^'ville,  a  post-village 
of  Sumter  co.,  S.C,  in  Maysville  township,  on  the  Wil- 
mington, Columbia  A  Augusta  Railroad,  51  miles  E.  of 
Columbia,  and  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sumter  Court-House.  It 
has  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1763. 


Mayet,  ml^yi'  (L.  Mainium),  a  village  of  Franoe  is 
Sarthe,  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  La  FliSche.     Pop.  1C31.       ' 

May^et'ta,  a  sUtion  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Tucker- 
ton  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Tuckorton. 

May'field,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Su««ex,  8  milM 
S.  of  Tunbridgo  Wells.  Remains  of  a  palace,  said  to  havt 
been  built  by  St.  Dunstan,  and  long  a  residence  of  the  arch, 
biahopa  of  Canterbury,  but  now  a  nunnery,  still  exist.  Pon 
of  parish,  3868.  '^' 

May'fleld,  a  post-village  of  Santa  Clara  oo..  Cal.,  In 
MayCold  township,  on  the  Southern  PiiclQc  Ilailrond'sj 
miles  S.S.E.  of  San  Francisco.  It  has  several  churcbw  t 
graded  school,  2  hotels,  a  brewery,  a  distillery,  a  wimrv 
and  a  number  of  general  stores.    Po|>.  of  the  township,  Hon! 

Mayficid,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co.,  Ua.,  on  tli* 
Ogeechee  River,  and  on  the  Macon  &  Augusta  Railroad  CI 
miles  W,  by  S.  of  Augusta. 

Mayfield,  a  township  of  Do  Kalb  co..  III.    Pop.  941. 

Maytield,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Graves  co.,  Ky.,  ii 
near  Mayfield  Creek,  and  on  the  Puducuh  &  Memphis  Kail, 
road,  26  miles  S.  of  Paducah,  and  about  37  miles  S.E.  of 
Cairo,  III.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  college,  2  newipap«r 
offices,  a  national  bank,  and  6  churches.    Pop.  (l.SUD)  iaiiy, 

Mayficid,  a  township  of  Somerset  co.,  Me.    Pop.  98. 

Mayfield,  a  post-township  of  Grand  Traverse  eo., 
Mich.,  about  40  miles  N.E.  of  Manistee.  Pop.  310.  May- 
field  village  is  on  the  Traverse  City  Railroad,  14  miles  S.K, 
of  Traverse  City.  It  has  a  saw-mill,  a  store,  and  a  hoteC 
Pop.  200. 

Mayfield,  a  township  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  1422, 
It  contains  Fish  Lake  and  Five  Lakes. 

Mayfield,  a  hamlet  of  Montgomery  co..  Miss.,  12  milat 
E.  of  Winona. 

Mayfield,  a  post-village  in  Mayficid  township,  Fulton 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Fonda,  Johnstown  &  Gloversville  llailrotui, 
6  miles  N.E.  of  Gloversville,  and  about  44  miles  N.W.  of 
Albany.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactories  of  leather, 
gloves,  and  mittens.  Pop.  about  200.  The  township  ii 
hilly,  but  fertile.     Limestone  is  found  in  it.     Pop.  2352. 

Mayfield,  a  post-office  of  Rockingham  co.,  X.C. 

Mayfield,  a  post-township  of  Cuyahoga  co.,  0.,  about 
15  miles  E.  of  Cleveland.  It  is  drained  by  the  Chagrin 
River.  Pop.  892.  It  contains  a  hamlet  named  Mayficid, 
also  4  churches,  2  grist-mills,  and  a  graded  school. 

Mayficid,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Term. 

Mayficid,  a  post-office  of  San  Pete  co.,  Utah. 

Mayfield,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co..  Wis. 

Mayfield  Creek,  Kentucky,  rises  in  Graves  co.,  and 
runs  northward.  It  finally  runs  westward  through  Ballard 
CO.,  and  enters  tho  Mississippi  River  about  7  miles  beloir 
Cairo,  111.     It  is  nearly  90  miles  long. 

May  Flower,  ma'flSur,  a  station  in  Faulkner  co. 
Ark.,  on  the  Little  Rock  &  Fort  Smith  Railroad,  2U  milei 
N.W.  of  Argenta. 

May  Flower,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co.,  Neb. 

May'hew,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Walworth  co., 
AVis.,  in  Troy  township,  on  the  railroad  between  Elkbom 
and  Eagle,  8  miles  N.  of  Elkhorn. 

Mayhew's,  a  station  in  Sacramento  co.,  Cal.,  on  tba 
Sacramento  Valley  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of  Sacramento. 

Mayhew's  Station,  a  post-village  of  Lowndes  00, 
Miss.,  on  the  Mobile  <4;  Ohio  Railroad,  89  miles  N.  of  Me- 
ridian, and  12  miles  W.  of  Columbus.     It  has  a  church. 

May  Hill,  a  post  office  of  Adams  co.,  0. 

Maykiang,  a  river  of  Asia.    See  Me-Koxo. 

Mayn,  a  river  of  Germany.    See  Mai.v. 

May'nard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  Iowa,  on  tno 
Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad,  22  milei 
N.  of  Independence.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  cheew- 
factory. 

Maynard,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Maynard  township,  on  tho  Assabet  River,  and  on  tho  Marl- 
borough Branch  of  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  10  miles  B.S.B. 
of  Marlborough,  and  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Concord.  It  h«i  J 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  woollen-factory,  a  paper- 
mill,  and  a  powder-mill.    Pop.  of  Maynard  township,  lHw. 

Maynard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  in  M««7 
township,  on  the  Utica  &  Black  River  Railroad,  2i  milei 
N.W.  of  Utica.     It  has  a  church. 

May'nard,  or  Hodge's  Corners,  a  post-village  la 
Grenville  co.,  Ontario,  5  miles  AV.  of  Prescott.    Pop.  170. 

Maynard's  Cove,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Ala., 
8  miles  N.W.  of  Bellefonte  Station. 

May'nardville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Union  cu.. 
Tenn.,  is  in  the  fertile  Raccoon  valley,  24  miles  N.  by  h. 
of  Knoxville.  It  has  2  churches.  Iron,  zinc,  and  lead  art 
said  to  be  found  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  144. 


MAY 


1791 


MAY 


ay'nooth,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kildare,  on  the 
Rcjil  Canal,  with  a  station  on  the  Irish  Great  AVestern 
RiWay,  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Dublin.  Pop.  1414.  It  has 
rciiins  of  a  castle,  formerly  the  chief  seat  of  tho  Fitz- 
gelds,  a  largo  Roman  Catholic  chapel  and  convent,  and 
th'lloyal  College  of  St.  Patrick,  founded  in  1795,  for  the 
edsition  of  tho  Roman  Catholic  clergy. 

.^yO;  ml'o,  a  river  of  Mexico,  state  of  Sonora,  enters 
thiBulf  of  California  100  miles  S.E.  of  Guaymas,  after  a 
S.""!  course  of  130  miles. 

Vyo,  mi'o,  one  of  the  Capo  Verd  Islands,  in  the  At- 
latp,  E.  of  Santiago.  It  is  15  miles  long,  with  a  rocky 
cosjand  sterile  soil,  its  principal  product  being  salt,  from 
a  rlural  lagoon.     Chief  port,  Pinosa.     Pop.  773. 

jhyo,  an  island  of  tho  Malay  Archipelago,  oflf  the  N. 
co.ifof  Celebes,  30  miles  N.  of  Menado. 

Ilfiyo,  mi-o'  or  mA'o,  a  maritime  county  of  Ireland,  Con- 
na;pt,  having  E.  the  cos.  of  Sligo  and  Roscommon.  Area, 
2UJ8quare  miles.  The  coast-line  is  fringed  with  cliffs  and 
isid  and  indented  with  innumerable  inlets.  The  surface 
is  |)stly  mountainous,  but  comprises  many  fertile  and 
coiiaratively  level  tracts.  Soil  generally  light,  better 
guifl  to  grazing  than  to  tillage.  Chief  crops,  flax,  oats, 
an,potatoes.  The  fisheries  are  valuable,  and  marble,  slate, 
anJron  ore  are  plentiful.  Chief  towns,  Castlebar,  Ballina, 
ancpestport.  It  sends  four  members  to  the  House  of 
CoiLions.     Pop.  (1S91)  218,406. 

layo,  a  parish  of  Ireland,  ConnaugHt,  in  a  county  of 
thojamo  name,  containing  the  village  from  which  the 
couiy  takes  its  name,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Balla.     Pop.  2141. 

I^y'o,  a  small  river  of  Virginia  and  North  Carolina, 
rlstjby  two  branches,  the  North  Mayo  and  South  Mayo,  in 
Patjsk  CO.  of  the  former  state,  and,  flowing  southeastward 
inttNorth  Carolina,  enters  tho  Dan  River  at  Madison. 

J|iy'o,  a  township  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.C.  Pop.  3539. 
It  (jitains  Madison. 

3kyo,  a  post-office  of  Halifax  co.,  Va.,  about  35  miles 
E.  (i Danville. 

Myo  Forge,  a  post-office  of  Patrick  co.,  Va. 

^yoniba,  mi-yom'bi,  Mayum'ba,  or  Majumba, 
m&-l.m'bi,  a  town  of  the  African  coast,  120  miles  N.W. 
of  iango,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mayomba  in  the  Atlantic. 
It  i|ho  capital  of  the  country  of  Mayomba,  which  is  rich 
in  c  per,  ivory,  and  gum. 

fl|y'o  Park,  a  post-office  of  Grayson  co.,  Ivy. 

fljjyorga,  mi-you'gi,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
48  rjes  N.W.  of  Valladolid,  on  the  Cea.     Pop.  2100. 

Iwyorga,  a  group  of  the  Friendly  Islands,  in  the  Pa- 
cifieihe  chief  of  which  is  Varao. 

Wjyotte,  mi^yot',  or  Mayot'ta,  one  of  the  Comoro 
Islals,  forming,  with  some  adjacent  islets,  a  French  colony. 
Arciil37  square  miles.  It  lies  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Johanna, 
is  niintainous  but  fertile,  and  exports  cattle,  sugar,  rum, 
ooflcj  cocoa  oil,  &c.  The  natives  are  Mohammedans  of 
miX'i  African,  Arab,  and  Malagassy  stock.  Capital,  Dza- 
ondj    Pop.  10,875. 

Miypocha,  a  river  of  Chili,    See  Mapocha. 

Mkyport,  ma'port,  a  post-hamlet  and  bathing-place  of 
Duv  CO.,  Fla.,  on  the  ocean,  at  the  mouth  of  St.  John's 
Eiv(  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Jacksonville.     It  has  a  church. 

Mypu,  ml-poo',  a  river  of  Chili,  department  of  San- 
tiag(  rises  in  the  Andes,  and,  after  a  W.  course  of  130  miles, 
the  Pacific  40  miles  S.  of  Valparaiso.  The  princi- 
luent  is  the  Mclipilla,  which  joins  the  Maypu  40 
E.  of  the  i'acitic  Ocean.  Tho  course  of  this  moun- 
ream  is  so  impetuous  that  it  can  only  be  spanned  by 
sion-bridges. 

Cpu,  a  mountain-peak  of  the  Andes,  in  Chili,  lat, 
■r  S.     Height,  15,000  feet. 

M/rena  del  Alcor,  mi-ri'ni  dSl  il-kon',  a  town 
of  S  in,  province  and  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Seville.  Pop. 
4406:  It  has  a  castle,  and  a  large  horse-  and  cattle-fair. 

M  /res,  maiR,  a  village  of  France,  in  Arddche,  12  miles 
N.Wif  Largontiere.     Pop.  943. 

'sek,  a  village  of  Hungary.    See  Majsa. 
'sfield,  maz'feeld,  a  post-village  of  Milam  co.,  Tex., 
a  W.S.W.  of  Calvert.     It  has  4  churches  and  1  or  2 


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den, 
and 


''s  Land'ing,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Atlantic 
r.,  in  Hamilton  township,  is  on  Great  Egg  Harbor 
at  the  head  of  navigation,  on  the  Atlantic  City 
of  the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  47  miles  S.E.  of  Cam- 
d  17  miles  from  Atlantic  City.  It  has  3  churches, 
janufaetures  of  cotton  goods,  baskets,  and  lumber. 

A  ncjpaper  is  published  here.     Pop.  about  1200. 

Mj/'s  Lick,  a  post-village  of  Mason  co.,  Ky.,  4  miles 

fromie  Maysvillo  &  Lexington  Railroad,  and  about  54 


miles  N.E.  of  Lexington.  It  has  4  churches,  a  seminary, 
and  manufactures  of  carriages,  ploughs,  ifec.   P.  (1890)  352. 

May'spring,  a  post-oflice  of  Grainger  co.,  Tenn. 

May's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Edgar  co.,  111.,  on  tha 
Illinois  Midland  Railroad,  5  miles  W,  of  Paris. 

Maysville,  maz'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad,  12^  miles  E.  of 
Iluntsville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Maysville,  a  post- village  of  Benton  co..  Ark.,  about  33 
miles  N.W,  of  Fayettevillo.  It  has  5  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  machinery,  wagons,  ifec.     Pop.  about  200. 

Maysville,  a  post-village  of  Jlickson  co.,  Ga.,  on  tho 
Northeastern  Railroad,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Lulah  Junction, 
and  27  miles  N.  by  W,  of  Athens.  It  has  a  church.  Pop. 
about  400, 

Maysville,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Pike  co..  111.,  on 
the  Hannibal  &  Naples  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Pittsfield  Branch,  33  miles  E.  of  Hannibal,  Mo, 

Maysville,  Allen  co.,  Ind,    See  Harlax. 

Maysville,  a  hamlet  of  Daviess  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  West 
Fork  of  White  River,  about  18  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Vincennes. 

Maysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Iowa,  about 
40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cedar  Falls. 

Maysville,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Mason  co.,  Ky.,  la 
finely  situated  on  the  Ohio  River,  60  miles  above  Cincin- 
nati, and  about  50  miles  below  Portsmouth,  0.  It  is  79 
miles  N.E.  of  Lexington,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  the 
Maysville  &  Lexington  Railroad.  A  range  of  bold  and 
verdant  hills,  rising  near  the  S.  border  of  the  city,  renders 
its  appearance,  as  viewed  from  the  river,  very  attractive. 
It  contains  a  city  hall,  11  churches,  a  national  bank,  2 
other  banks,  an  academy,  and  printing-offices  which  issue 

1  tri-weekly  and  3  weekly  newspapers.  It  has  also  2 
flouring-mills,  2  distilleries  of  whisky,  gas-works,  2  planing- 
mills,  a  cotton-factory,  2  manufactories  of  farming-imple- 
ments, 5  of  cigars,  3  of  ploughs,  2  carriage-shops,  a  foundry, 
a  brewery,  2  saw-mills,  a  railroad-car-shop,  and  a  soap- 
factory.  Large  quantities  of  tobacco,  hemp,  pork,  and 
other  products  are  shipped  here.  Maysville  was  incor- 
porated as  a  city  in  1833.  .  Pop.  in  1890,  5358. 

Maysville,  a  township  of  Aroostook  co..  Me.,  42  miles 
N.N.AV.  of  Houlton,  is  traversed  by  the  Aroostook  River. 
The  village  of  Presque  Isle  joins  it.  Post-offices,  East 
Maysville  and  Maysville  Centre, 

Maysville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Do  Kalb  co..  Mo., 
in  Camden  township,  about  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  St.  Joseph. 
It  has  a  court-house,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper 
office,  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  brooms,  furniture, 
and  wagons.     Pop.  about  500. 

Maysville,  a  post-office  of  Jones  co.,  N.C, 

Maysville,  a  hamlet  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.,  on  tho  Cleve- 
land &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Alliance.  It 
has  a  grist-mill  and  a  woollen-mill, 

Maysville,  a  hamlet  of  Wayne  co,,  0.,  12  miles  S.E. 
of  Wooster.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Maysville,  a  hamlet  of  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.,  in  Kiski- 
minetas  township,  3i  miles  N.N.E.  of  Salina.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  grist-mill.     Here  is  Long  Run  Post-Office, 

Maysville,  Clarion  co..  Pa,    See  Mayvillb. 

Maysville,  or  Mayville,  a  village  of  Jefferson  oo., 
Pa.,  in  Warsaw  township,  7  or  8  miles  N.E.  of  Brookville. 
It  has  2  churches,  23  houses,  and  a  tannery.  Near  here  is 
Warsaw  Post-Office. 

Maysville,  a  hamlet  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  about  25  miles 
S.W.  of  Meadville. 

Maysville,  South  Carolina.    See  Mayesville. 

Maysville,  Virginia.    See  Bcckingham  Coukt-House. 

Maysville,  or  GrantCourt-Uousc,a  post-village, 
capital  of  Grant  co.,  W.  Va.,  27  miles  S.  by  AV.  of  Keyser, 
and  about  45  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cumberland,  Md.  It  is  situ- 
ated in  a  hilly  or  mountainous  region.     It  has  4  churches, 

2  woollen-factories,  a  pottery,  and  a  flour-mill. 
Maysville  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Aroostook  co..  Me. 
May'town,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  in  East 

Donegal  township,  2  miles  N.W.  of  Marietta,  15  miles  W. 
of  Lancaster,  and  6  miles  N.W.  of  Columbia.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  chair-factory,  2  brick-yards,  and  3  cigar-fao- 
tories.     Pop.  613. 

Mayuniba,  or  M(\jumba,  Africa.    See  MAYOjrnA. 

MayView',  a  post-hamlet  of  Champaign  co..  111.,  on 
the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  &  Western  Railroad,  26  miles 
W.  of  Danville.     It  has  a  ghurch. 

Mayview,  a  post-office  of  Buena  Vista  co.,  Iowa. 

Mayview,  a  post-office  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas. 

Mayview,  a  post-village  of  Lafayette  co..  Mo.,  in 
Washington  township,  on  tho  Chicago  <fe  Alton  Railroad,  7 
miles  W.  of  Higginsville.    It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill, 


MAT 


1792 


MEA 


May'vllle,  a  po«t-offlo«  of  TuUro  oo.,  Cal. 

Mnyville,  a  villaj^e  of  Tuscola  oo.,  Mtcb.,  in  Fremont 
town»liip,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Vassar.  It  has  2  oliuroho8,  and 
manuriioturos  of  flour,  lumber,  sash,  and  doors.  The  name 
of  its  jK)st-olHce  is  May. 

Mnyviilc,  a  township  of  Houston  oo.,  Minn.    Pop.  614. 

Aloyville,  a  post-rillage,  capital  of  Chautauqua  oo., 
N.Y.,  is  beautifully  situated  at  the  head  or  northwest  end 
of  Chautauqua  Lake,  and  on  the  Buffalo,  Corry  *  Pittsburg 
Railroad,  18  or  20  milos  N.W.  of  Jamestown,  and  62  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Buffalo.  It  contains  6  churches,  the  Mayville 
union  school,  a  flouring-iiill,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Steam- 
boats ply  regularly  between  Mayville  and  Jamestown.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1104. 

Mayville,  a  post-village  of  Traill  co.,  N.D.,  98  miles 
by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Wahpeton. 

Mayville,  or  Maysville,  a  hamlet  of  Clarion  co.,  Pa.^ 
on  Red  llnnk  Creek,  nnd  on  the  Low  Grade  division  of  the 
Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  at  Maysville  Station,  89  miles 
N.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 
Here  is  New  Mayville  Post-Offiee. 

Mayville,  a  post- village  in  Williamstown  township. 
Dodge  CO.,  Wis.,  on  Rock  River,  and  on  the  Fond  du  Lac, 
Amboy  &  Peoria  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  lloricon,  and  22 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Fond  du  Lao.  It  has  3  churches,  a  news- 
paper ofRcc,  a  foundry,  a  flouring-mill,  a  furniture-factory, 
and  a  blast-furnace.     Iron-ore  abounds  here.     Pop.  1069. 

Mny'wood,  a  post-village  in  Proviso  township,  Cook 
CO.,  III.,  on  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  and  on 
the  Dos  Plaines  River,  10  miles  W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  union  school,  and  2  manufactories  of  "  Chicago 
Sornpcrs  and  Ditchers."     Pop.  about  1000. 

Maywood,  a  post-oflSce  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  In- 
dianapolis &  Vincennos  Railroad,  4  miles  W.S.W.  of  India- 
napolis. 

MayAVOod)  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyandotte  co.,  Kansas, 
about  15  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Leavenworth.     It  has  a  church. 

Maywood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benton  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Maywood  township,  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sauk  Rapids.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  118. 

Maywood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Fabius  River,  and  on  the  Quincy,  Missouri  &  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 11  miles  W.  of  Quincy,  III.     It  has  a  church. 

Maywood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
New  Jersey  Midland  Railroad,  15  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City. 
It  has  several  fine  residences  and  a  manufactory  of  jewelry. 

Maywood,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  W.  Va. 

Mazaca,  or  Cacsarea.    See  Kaisareeveh. 

Mazagan,  m3,z^a-gin',  a  seaport  of  Morocco,  lat.  33° 
15'  30"  N.,  Ion.  8°  26'  45"  W.,  120  miles  S.W.  of  Cape 
Spartel.  It  exports  grain,  wool,  wax,  oil,  and  hides,  has  a 
good  custom-house,  a  fort,  and  large  granaries,  and  is  a  i)ort 
of  call  for  steamers.  Its  roadstead  is  sheltered  to  some  ex- 
tent by  a  reef.  It  has  a  Catholic  church  and  a  mosque. 
It  was  built  by  the  Portuguese  in  1566,  and  held  by  them 
till  1770.     Pop.  2000,  two-thirds  Moors. 

Mazag&o,  m&-zil-gowN<>',  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and 
about  190  miles  W.N.W.  of  Pari,  near  the  estuary  of  the 
Amazon. 

Maz^agon',  or  Maz^agong',  a  village  of  British  In- 
dia, on  the  island  of  Bombay,  chiefly  inhabited  by  descend- 
ants of  the  Portuguese.  It  is  now  a  part  of  the  city  of 
Bombay. 

Mazalquivir,  the  Spanish  for  MERS-EL-KEnin. 

Mazaltenango,  Guatemala.    Sec  Mazate-naxgo. 

Mazamet,  mi^zi^md',  a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Arnette,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Castres.  Pop. 
10,770.  It  has  extensive  manufactories  of  broadcloth, 
eerge,  flannel,  alpaca,  tartans,  <fcc.,  and  large  cloth-fairs. 

Mazan,  mi'zftx"',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ardfiche,  ar- 
rondissemcnt  of  LargontiSre.     Pop.  1921. 

Mazan,  a  village  of  Franco,  in  Yaucluse,  5  miles  E. 
ot  Carpcntras.     Pop.  1817. 

Maznndcran,  m^-zinM^r-Jln',  or  Mazanderoon, 
mi-z4n'd§r-oon',  a  province  of  North  Persia,  mostly  be- 
tween lat.  36°  and  37°  N.  and  Ion.  50°  and  54°  E.  Pop. 
150,000. 

Mazarambroz,  m&-th2l-rjlm-br&th',  a  town  of  Spain, 
New  Castile,  11  miles  from  Toledo.     Pop.  1387, 

Mazarron,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Almazarron. 

Mazaruni,  Guiana.    See  Massaroony. 

Mazatenango,  or  Masatenango,  m&-zfi,-t&-nin'- 
go',  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Guatemala,  190  miles  W.  of 
the  capital.     Pop.  12,000. 

Mazatlan,  miz^at-liln'  or  mjl-sit-ldn',  a  flourishing 
town  and  seaport  of  Mexico,  in  Cinaloa,  at  the  entrance  of 
the  river  Mazatlan  into  the  Gulf  of  California,  183  miles 


S.E.  of  Cinaloa.  Lat.  23°  11'  48"  N. ;  Ion.  lOfio  23'  «" 
W.  It  is  built  on  the  crest  of  some  heights,  and  hu  » 
clean  and  healthy  appearance.  There  are  many  fineitoret, 
well  stocked  with  goods.  The  port  is  shcitorotl  to  some  ex- 
tent  from  the  N.  winds,  but  exposed  to  the  W.  and  8.  It 
is  the  seat  of  considerable  commerce.  It  forms  the  outlet 
for  the  products  of  the  mining  districts  of  St.  Sobastian 
and  has  considerable  imports  of  English  goods.   Pop,  12  706*. 

Maz6,  m&^E&',  a  town  of  France,  in  Maine-ct-Loireuoa 
the  Authion,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Biiugfi.     Pop.  ;55U7. 

Mazeena,  or  Mazina,  mi-zee'na,  a  fort  of  Afghin. 
istan,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Jelalabad. 

Mazep'pa,  a  post-village  in  Mazeppa  township,  W». 
bashaoo.,  Minn.,  on  the  railroad  between  Wabasha  and  Zuib. 
brota,  and  on  the  Zumbro  River,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Lak* 
City,  and  about  22  miles  S.  of  Red  Wing.  It  hu  2 
churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  flouring-mill.  Pop.  of  tbt 
township,  797. 

Maz^res,  m&'zaiR'  (L.  Maeeriie),  a  town  of  Franos,  ia 
Ari6ge,  on  the  Lez,  10  miles  N.  of  Piuniers.     Pop.  2521, 

Mazira,  an  island  of  Arabia.     See  Masskra. 

Mazo,  mi'so,  a  town  of  the  Canary  island  Palma,  oa 
its  E.  coast.     Pop.  3511. 

Mazomanic,  mi-zo-ma'nee,  a  post-village  of  Daneco., 
Wis.,  in  Mazomanie  township,  on  Black  Earth  Greek,  and 
on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  23  mila 
W.N.W.  of  Madison,  and  22  miles  S.  of  Baraboo.  It  con- 
tains a  bank,  3  or  more  churches,  several  hotels,  a  bijh 
school,  a  newspaper  ofiice,  and  manufactures  of  fnnning- 
niills  and  milk-safes.  The  Wisconsin  River  toucliei  ihs 
N.W.  corner  of  the  township.  Pop.  of  the  village  in  18W), 
1034;  of  the  township,  1482. 

Mazon,  m^-zdn',  a  small  post-village  of  Grundj  co, 
111.,  in  Mazon  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Pukin  &  South' 
western  Railroad,  28  miles  S.W.  of  Joliet.  Coal  is  minsd 
here.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1005. 

Mazon  Creek,  Illinois,  rises  in  Livingston  co.,  mai 
N.,  and  enters  the  Illinois  River  at  Morris,  in  Grunt^  oo. 

Mazufurabad,  India.    See  Muzuffurabad. 

Mazura,  an  island  of  Arabia.    See  Massera. 

Mazye,  mi-zi',  a  large  village  of  Afghanistan,  in  tbo 
Pisheen  Valley,  40  miles  N.  of  Shawl. 

Mazzara,  m&t-s&'ri  (anc.  Maasara  and  Emporium),  m 
town  of  Sicily,  26  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Trapani,  at  thomoath: 
of  the  Salemi.  Pop.  12,155.  It  is  enclosed  by  Saraccnio 
walls,  and  has  narrow,  unpaved,  dirty  streets.  Its  publio 
buildings  comprise  a  cathedral,  bishop's  palace,  sensto 
house,  several  convents,  a  hospital,  college,  theatre,.and  i 
caricatore  for  warehousing  corn. 

Mazzarino,  mlt-si-rce'no,  a  town  of  Sicily,  provinoo 
and  14  miles  S.E.  of  Caltanisetta,  with  a  college  and  palace 
Pop.  11,951. 

Mazze,  a  village  of  Italy.     See  Masse. 

Mazzo,  mit'so,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Sondri(^ 
S.  of  Bormio.    Pop.  837. 

Mdoukal,  m'doo'k.11'  (?),  a  village  of  Algeria,  in  th«, 
Sahara,  at  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Lake  Ilodna,  97  mUei! 
S.W.  of  Constantine.  j 

Meacliam,  mee'cham,  a  post-office  of  Du  Page  eo.,| 
III.,  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  22  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Chicago. 

Meacham,  a  township  of  Marion  co..  111.    Pop.  835. 

Meacham's,  a  station  in  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  on  tliOj 
Fulton  &  Guorncville  Railroad,  2  miles  from  Fulton. 

Meaco,  a  city  of  Japan.    See  Kioto. 

Meacsima,  islets  of  Japan.    See  Meaksima.  1 

Mead,  meed,  a  post-office  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa,  on  tho; 
Sabula,  Ackley  &  Dakota  Railroad,  about  9  miles  N.W.  tti 
Lyons.     Here  is  a  church. 

Mead,  a  township  of  Belmont  co.,  0.  Pop.  850.  Itj 
contains  Businessburg. 

Mead,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  2421,  ex- 
clusive of  Meadville.  i 

Mead,  a  township  of  Warren  co..  Pa.    Pop.  463. 

Meaday,  mi-i-di',  a  ruined  town  of  Burmah,  on  «• 
Irrawaddy,  40  miles  N.  of  Prome. 

Mead  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa-,  ^ 
miles  E.  of  Meadville. 

Meade,  meed,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  borders  on  In- 
diana. Area,  about  332  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  and  N.W.  by  the  Ohio  River.  The  surface  is  unda- 
lating,  and  nearly  half  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  Tb« 
soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  areth* 
staple  products.  Cavernous  limestone  underlies  the  soit 
This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Louisville,  St.  ^'""'  * 
Texas  Railroad.  CapiUl,  Brandenburg.  Pop.  in  le'"; 
9485;  in  1880,  10,323;  in  1890,  9484. 


MEA 


1793 


MEA 


iMeade,  a  township  of  Huron  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  290. 

! Meade,  a  post-hamlet  of  Macomb  co.,  Mich.,  about  28 
ilos  N.  by  E.  of  Detroit.     It  has  a  church. 
Meadland,  meed'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  T.iylor  co., 
.  Va.,  4  miles  N.  of  Flemington  Railroad  Station. 
jMead'orsville,  a  post-office  of  Whitley  co.,  Ky, 
MeadoAV,  med'o,  a  post-office  of  Rock  co.,  Minn. 
Meadow,  a  township  of  Johnston  co.,  N.C.  Pop.  1043. 
PHeadow,  a  post-office  of  Millard  co.,  Utah. 
Meadow,  a  station  in  Henrico  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Rich- 
nd  tfc  York  River  Railroad,  11  miles  E.  of  Richmond. 

eadow  Bluff,  a  post-office  of  Greenbrier  co.,  W.  Va., 
miles  N.  of  Alderson  Station. 
eadow  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  0. 
eadow  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Henrico  co.,  Va. 
^Meadow  Brook,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Kansas, 
[miles  S.  by  W.  of  Kansas  City. 

pieadow  Brook,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Tcnn. 
Meadow  Creek,  Utah,  rises  in  Tooele  co.,  runs  south- 
•Ird,  and  enters  Sevier  River  on  the  N.  border  of  Millard 
(1     It  is  about  80  miles  long. 

Meadow  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Whitley  co.,  Ky. 
jMeadow  Creek,  post-office,  Madison  co.,  Montana. 
ileadow  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Grayson  co.,  Va. 

eadow  Creek  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Summers 
,  W.  Va.,  on  New  River,  and  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio 
lilroad,  136  miles  E.S.E.  of  Huntington,  and  12  miles  N. 
Hinton. 

leadow  Dale,  a  post-office  of  Highland  co.,  Va., 
ut  4U  miles  N.  of  Millborough  Depot. 
eadowfield,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co.,  Tcnn. 
Meadow  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa. 
Meadow  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C. 
Meadow  Lawn,  a  station  in  Jefferson  co.,  Ky.,  on 
it)  Louisville  <fc   Paducah   Railroad,    15   miles   S.W.   of 
."iuisyille. 

Meadow  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Frederick  co.,  Va.,  is 
liCedar  Creek  Railroad  Station,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Win- 
caster.     Here  is  a  flour-mill. 

Meadow  River,  West  Virginia,  rises  in  Greenbrier 
&  runs  N.W.,  and  forms  the  boundary  between  the  cos. 
c| Fayette  and  Nicholas,  until  it  enters  the  Gauley  River. 
Meadows,  a  station  in  Pueblo  co..  Col.,  on  the  Canon 
{ y  Branch  of  the  Denver  St  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  19  miles 
1  of  South  Pueblo. 

Meadows,  a  post-hamlet  of  McLean  co.,  111.,  on  the 
T.edo,  Peoria  <fc  Warsaw  Railroad,  11  miles  E.  of  El  Paso. 
Ifeas  3  grain-elevators  and  2  stores. 
Meadows,  a  township  of  Stokes  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  2065. 
Meadows  of  Dan,  a  post-office  of  Patrick  co.,  Va. 
Meadowvale,  a  post-village  in  Peel  co.,  Ontario,  on 
tji  river  Credit,  6  miles  S.  of  Brampton.    It  has  good 
Tjter-power,  flour-,  oatmeal-,  and  saw-mills.     Pop.  300. 
Meadow  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Plumas  co.,  Cal. 
tfeadow  Valley,  a  post-office  and  shipping-point  of 
Jheau  CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Wisconsin  Valley  Railroad,  21 
Dies  N.E.  of  Tomah. 

Meadow  View,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Va., 
Mtho  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &,  Ohio  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  by 
Mof  Abingdon. 

MeadoAwillc,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rich  co.,  Utah,  about 
Cpniles  N.  of  Evanston. 

Meadowville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barbour  co.,  W.  Va., 
■int  24  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Grafton. 

jtleads,  meedz,  a  station  of  Washington  co.,  Neb.,  on 
tj  Omaha  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Blair. 
Mead's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
Ikiles  S.E.  of  Bath. 

mead's  3Iills,  or  Waterford,  a  post-village   of 
'V|yne  co,,  Mich.,  in  Plymouth  township,  on  Rouge  River, 
«£on  the  Flint  &  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  25  miles  AV. 
ctroit.     It  has  a  foundry  and  machine-shop.     P.  200. 
eadville,  Barry  co.,  Mich.     See  Sheridai*. 
eadville,  meed'vll,  a  hamlet  of  Ingham  co.,  Mich., 
tiiTngham  township,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Lansing. 
Kcadville,  a   post-village,  capital  of  Franklin    co., 
Bfes.,  on  the  Homochitto  River,  about  80  miles  S.S.W.  of 
J  kson.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Meadville,  a  post-villiige  of  Linn   co..  Mo.,  on  the 
I  onibal  &  St.  Joseph  Railroad,  14  miles  E.  of  Chillioothe, 
1  90  miles  E.  of  St.  Joseph.     It  has  2  churches,  a  wagon- 

5,  and  a  plough-factory.     Pop.  about  400. 
eadville,  a  hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Eric 
Gial,  5  miles  S.E,  of  Clyde. 
leadville,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  is 
isantly  situated  on  French  Creek,  and  on  the  Atlantic  <fc 
at  Western  Railroad,  44  miles  S.W,  of  Corry,  36  miles 


S.  of  Erie,  24  miles  W.  of  Titusville,  and  100  miles  N.  of 
Pittsburg.  It  is  the  principal  market  of  a  fertile  and  pop- 
ulous county,  the  staple  products  of  which  are  petroleum, 
lumber,  butter,  grain,  Ac.  It  has  one  of  the  finest  court- 
houses in  the  state,  12  or  13  churches,  a  high  school,  2  largo 
and  handsome  public  school  buildings,  2  national  banks, 
2  savings-banks,  2  other  banks,  a  public  library,  and  a 
Unitarian  theological  seminary  with  a  library  of  12,000 
volumes.  On  an  eminence  i  mile  N.  of  the  city  stands 
Alleghany  College  (Methodist  Episcopal),  which  was  or- 
ganized in  1815  and  has  a  library  of  12,000  volumes. 
One  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 
Meadville  also  has  a  public  park,  several  machine-shops, 
oil-refineries,  a  large  woollen-mill,  manufactures  of  engines, 
farming-implements,  carriages,  wooden  shoes,  and  the  car- 
works  and  machine-shops  of  the  railroad,  which  cover  an 
area  of  6  acres.  The  Franklin  Branch  Railroad  connects 
Meadville  with  Oil  City.  It  received  its  city  charter  in 
1866.     Pop.  in  1870,  7103;  in  1880.  8860;  in  1890,  9520. 

Meadville,  a  post-village  of  Halifax  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Banister  River,  about  28  miles  N.E.  of  Danville.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Meaford,  mee'ford,  formerly  Saint  Vin'cent,  a  post- 
village  in  Grey  co.,  Ontario,  at  the  mouth  of  Big  Head 
River  in  Georgian  Bay,  at  the  N.  terminus  of  the  Northern 
Railway,  22  miles  W.N.W.  of  Collingwood.  It  contains  6 
hotels,  2  printing-offices,  flour-  and  saw-mills,  a  pottery, 
manufactories  of  woollens,  iron  castings,  boots  and  shoes, 
wooden-ware,  leather,  fanning-mills,  carriages,  wagons,  Ac., 
and  has  a  large  export  trade  in  grain  and  country  produce. 
Pop.  1200. 

Meagher,  mee'gh^r,  a  large  county  in  the  central  part 
of  Montana.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Missouri 
River,  and  partly  drained  by  the  Muscle  Shell  and  Judith 
Rivers.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  mountains,  large 
treeless  plains,  and  fertile  valleys.  In  the  central  part  of 
the  county  is  a  range  called  the  Belt  Mountains.  The  soil 
produces  wheat,  barley,  oats,  &c.  Gold  is  the  chief  article 
of  export.  Area,  7000  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Great  Northern  Railroad.  Capital,  White  Sulphur 
Springs.    Pop.  in  1870, 1387  ;  in  1880,  2743  ;  in  1890,  4749. 

Meagsville,  meegs'vil,  a  post-hauilet  of  Jackson  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Cumberland  River,  about  6  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Gainesborough,  the  capital  of  the  count}'. 

Meahgunge,  mi-i-gunj',  a  walled  town  of  India,  24 
miles  S.W.  of  Lucknow. 

Meain,  me^an',  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Punjab,  division 
of  Rawil-Pinde.     Pop.  6857. 

Meaksima,  or  Meacsima,  mi-ik-see'ml,  some  islets 
of  Japan,  W.  of  the  S.  part  of  Kioo-Sioo. 

Mealfourvounie,  mil-foor-voo'nee,  a  mountain  of 
Scotland,  co.  of  Inverness,  on  the  W.  side  of  Loch  Ness. 
Elevation,  2700  feet. 

Meaify  Mountains,  a  hill-chain  in  Labrador,  British 
North  America,  near  its  E.  coast,  between  Capo  Charles 
and  Sandwich  Bay.     Estimated  height,  1480  feet. 

Meana,  mA-d'nS,,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  27 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Turin,  on  the  Clusone.     Pop.  1711. 

Meana,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sardinia,  division 
and  50  miles  N.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  1700. 

Mean'der  Creek,  of  Ohio,  flows  into  the  Mahoning 
River  about  7  miles  below  Warren. 

Mean'ee,  a  village  of  Afghanistan.  Lat.  29°  21'  N.; 
loD.  70°  40'  E. 

Mean'ee  ("fishing-place"),  a  maritime  town  of  India, 
75  miles  N.AV.  of  Joonaghur. 

Meanee,  a  village  of  Sinde,  on  the  Fulailee  branch 
of  the  Indus,  5  miles  N.  of  Hyderabad,  and  where  British 
troops  defeated  a  Beloochee  force,  February  17,  1843. 

Meanee,  a  town  of  Sinde,  on  the  Indus,  45  miles  S.W. 
of  Hyderabad. 

Meanee,  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  on  the  Ravee,  over 
which  is  a  mucl^frequented  ferry,  21  miles  N.W.  of  Lahore. 

Meanee,  a^illage  of  Sinde,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Sehwan. 
Lat.  26°  24'  N. ;  Ion.  67°  55'  E. 

Meangis  (mi-ing'ghis  ormi-ln'ghecz)  Isles,  a  group 
in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  about  lat.  5°  N.,  Ion.  127°  E.,  90 
miles  S.E.  of  Mindanao.     Chief  island,  Nanusa. 

Mean  Mcer,  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Punjab,  forming 
almost  a  suburb  of  Lahore,  on  its  S.E.  side.     Pop.  13,767. 

Means,  Harrison  co.,  0.    See  Cadiz  Junction. 

Mcarim,  a  river  and  town  of  Brazil.    See  Miarixi. 

Mears,  meerz,  a  post-hamlet  in  Golden  township,  Ocesina 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Michigan  Lake  Shore  Rail- 
road, 7  miles  S.  of  Pentwater.  It  has  a  church,  3  lumber- 
mills,  and  a  shingle-mill. 

Mears  Blufl^  a  post-office  of  Brunswick  co.,  N.C,  and 


UEA 


1794 


MEC 


attntion  on  tho  Wilmington,  Columbia  it  Augusta  Railroad, 
8  miles  from  Wilmington,  also  on  tho  Carolina  Central 
RAitroad  and  Cnpe  Foar  lUvor. 

Mcot  Camp,  a  post-totrnship  of  Watauga  oo.,  N.C. 
Pop.  370. 

Mcntht  nieern,  a  county  of  Irclnnd,  Lcinstor,  having 
E.  Dublin  and  the  Irish  Soa.  Area,  906  square  milosi. 
Surface  mostly  flat.  Principal  river,  tho  lioyue.  Soil 
ohiofly  a  rich  clayey  loam,  on  limestone  or  gravel.  Chief 
towns.  Trim  (tho  oupital),  Kolls,  and  Navan.  The  county 
sends  two  members  to  tho  House  of  Commons.  Previous  to 
tho  Anglo-Norman  conquest,  the  King  of  Meath  was  su- 
proino  monarch  of  Ireland.     Pop.  (IS'Ji)  7C,t516. 

Mcuuwatakn,  mo-wat'i}.-ka,  a  poet-hamlct  of  Wexford 
00.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Meauwataka,  about  SO  miles  S.  by  £. 
of  Traverse  City.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Meaux,  mO  (ano.  lati'num  or  Jati'miin,  afterwards 
Uel'di),  0.  town  of  France,  department  of  Scino-et-Marno, 
27  miles  E.N.E.  of  Paris,  on  the  Marne,  and  on  tho  rail- 
way to  Strosburg.  Pop.  11,731).  It  has  a  tribunal  of  com- 
merce, a  communal  college,  a  fine  Gothic  cathedral  founded 
in  the  twelfth  century,  a  libniry  of  16,000  volumes,  and 
trade  in  gniin  and  cheese.  It  is  the  sec  of  a  bishop,  and  has 
courts  of  lirst  resort,  a'scientiQc  society,  9  flouring-mills,  and 
manufactures  of  cotton,  farming-implements,  <tc.  Hero  is 
a  monument  to  Dossuet,  who  was  Bishop  of  JVIeaux.  Mcaux 
was  taken  by  the  Normans  in  862,  and,  after  a  regular  siege, 
by  the  English  in  1421. 

Mebancsville,  mob'anz-vll,  a  post-village  of  Ala- 
mance CO.,  N.C,  on  tho  railroad  which  connects  Raleigh 
with  Grcensborough,  60  miles  W.N.W.  of  Raleigh.  There 
are  several  churches  near  it.  It  has  a  military  school  or 
academy  and  a  cotton -factory. 

Mebarrcz,  £1,  Arabia.    See  El  Mebarrez. 

Me^can',  a  small  river  of  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Waushara 
CO,  runs  southeastward  through  Marquette  co.,  and  enters 
the  Fox  River  5  or  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Montello. 

Mecati)  a  township  of  Marquette  co..  Wis.     Pop.  70S. 

Mecca,  or  9Ickka,  mik'ka,  written  also  Mekkcli 
(anc.  Mucora'ba  ;  Fr.  Mecqite,  niSk),  the  most  celebrated 
city  of  Arabia,  the  seat  of  the  Mohammedan  religion,  65 
miles  E.  of  Jiddah.  Lat.  21°  38'  N. ;  Ion.  40°  8'  E.  It  is 
styled  by  Mohammedans  El  Mosherefe  (the  noble),  Om-El- 
Kora  (the  mother  of  towns),  <fec.  Mecca  stands  in  a  nar- 
row, sandy  valley,  from  100  to  700  paces  broad,  extending 
in  a  general  direction  N.  and  S.,  enclosed  by  sterile  hills 
from  200  to  600  feet  high,  without  tree  or  verdure,  and  is 
ill  supplied  with  water.  In  its  centre  is  tho  Beitu-'Uah 
(house  of  God),  or  El-IIaram  (the  inviolable),  the  great 
mosque,  enclosing  the  Kaaba,  dividing  the  whole  into  the 
northern  and  southern  towns,  these  again  being  subdivided 
into  25  quarters,  exclusive  of  the  suburbs,  which  stretch  in 
single  lines  of  houses  along  the  narrow  parts  of  the  valley. 
Mecca  is  in  itself  a  good-looking  city,  the  streets  being 
wider  th.an  is  usual  in  Eastern  towns,  the  houses  of  stone, 
often  three  stories  high,  and  well  lighted.  The  castle,  on 
its  S.E.  side,  near  the  Shereef's  house,  is  large  enough  for 
a  garrison  of  1000  men,  and  is  thought  by  the  Arabs  to  be 
impregnable.  The  city  is  annually  filled  at  the  time  of  the 
Haj  or  pilgrimage,  when  apartments  in  almost  every  house 
are  hired  to  strangers,  and  thousands  besides  encamp  out- 
side tho  town.  This  pilgrimage,  customary  among  the 
Arabs  in  early  and  idolatrous  ages,  and  subsequently  en- 
joined by  Mohammed  on  all  his  followers,  is  the  foundation 
of  Mecca's  fame,  and  the  only  source  of  her  wealth. 

The  great  temple  of  the  Boitu-'llah  is  an  unsymmetrical 
patchwork  of  ancient  fr.agments,  without  any  pretension  to 
unity  of  stylo.  It  may  be  entered  by  19  doors,  and  is 
adorned  with  7  minarets.  Within,  the  great  four-sided 
court  of  the  temple,  surrounded  by  colonnades  of  irregular 
pillars,  is  about  250  paces  long  and  200  wiile;  and  nearly 
in  tho  middle  of  it,  in  a  hollow,  stands  the  Kaaba,  or  sacred 
house,  erected  in  1627,  measuring  in  length  about  18  paces, 
in  width  14  paces,  and  in  height  not  exceeding  40  feet. 
The  sides  are  completely  covered  by  the  JCesioa, — that  is, 
the  veil  or  curtain  of  rich  black  silk,  which  is  renewed 
every  year.  In  two  places  only  is  this  covering  removed, 
one  so  as  to  expose  a  gray  stone  at  the  S.E.  end  of  the  build- 
ing, which  it  is  thought  meritorious  to  touch ;  and,  in  like 
manner,  at  the  N.E.  angle  is  exposed  the  celebrated  black 
stone,  the  kissing  of  which  is  a  chief  object  of  the  pilgrim- 
age. Besides  tho  pulpit  of  the  Im^m,  and  the  desks  as- 
signed to  tho  doctors  of  the  different  sects,  there  are  several 
irregular  buildings  round  the  Kaaba.  In  one  of  these  is 
the  famous  well  of  Zemzem,  alleged  to  be  the  one  whence 
Hagar  obtained  water  for  Ishmael.  Its  waters  are  per- 
Gsctly  fresh,  though  every  other  spring  in  the  neighbor- 


hood is  brackish.  Among  the  pilgrims  they  ar«  derontl* 
believed  to  be  a  sure  remedy  for  all  bodily  ailuieuti,  auJ 
oven  salutary  for  tho  soul. 

The  inhabitants  of  Mecca  are,  with  tho  exception  of  a  fow 
lUj&ti  Bodouin,  all  strangers  by  birth  or  parcntii>;o,  bcin» 
mostly  settlers,  or  children  of  settlers,  nttractod  hiiber  by 
gain.  The  colleges  of  Mecca  have  fallen  to  decay,  and  tht 
libraries,  once  rich,  have  totally  disappeared.  As  Moecs 
during  the  pilgrimage,  is  visited  by  from  100,000  to  200  OUli 
strangers,  it  becomes  for  three  or  four  months  in  th«  mr 
tho  greatest  market  in  the  East;  its  merchants  occasionallt 
accumulate  largo  fortunes.  On  the  other  hand,  the  bcgmri 
of  the  holy  city  are  importunate  us  well  as  nuuierous.  Tbo 
Sheroefs,  or  direct  descendants  of  Mohammed,  are  now  a 
numerous  and  widely-spread  body.  These  nobles,  as  Iher 
may  bo  called,  elect  the  Shercef  of  Mecca,  and  their  cboic* 
is  confirmed  by  the  Ottoman  Sultan.  The  stationary  popu- 
lation  of  Mecca  is  estimated  at  between  25,000  and  3U,000 
including  some  3000  or  4000  Abyssinian  and  negro  slavtj! 

Adj.  and  inhab.  Meccawee  (Meccawi),  mik'kl-WM* 

sometimes  written  Meccawav. 

Mec'ca,  a  post-village  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  in  Mawa 
township,  on  Musquito  Creek,  4  miles  N.  of  Cortland,  and 
about  22  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Youngstown.  It  has  4  churcbe*. 
Here  are  many  oil-wells,  which  have  produced  much  excel- 
lent lubricating  oil.     Pop.  of  tho  township,  U35. 

Mecejana,  niA-si-zbi'ni,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state anJ 
12  milos  E.  of  Cear^.     Pop.  2000. 

Mechader,  mi-chi'd^r,  a  town  of  Arabia,  Yemen,  84 
miles  S.  of  Sana,  with  residence  of  the  governor, 

Alechanic,  me-kan'ik,  a  township  of  Holmes  co.,  0. 
Pop.  1060.     It  has  much  canncl  coal. 

Mechanic  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Minot  and  Poland 
townships,  Androscoggin  co..  Me.,  on  an  atllucnt  of  the 
Androscoggin  River,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad 
and  the  Portland  <fe  Oxford  Central  Railroad,  30  miles  N,  by 
W.  of  Portland.  It  has  extensive  manufactures  of  paper, 
and  a  manufactory  of  rifles,  also  a  newspaper  oflico  and  4 
churches. 

Mechanicsburg,  me-kan'iks-burg,  a  post-villago  in 
Mechanicsburg  township,  Sangamon  co.,  111.,  3  miles  S.  of 
Buffalo  Station,  and  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  14  miles  £. 
of  Springfield.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  flour- 
mill.     Pop.  366;  of  the  township,  1443. 

Mechanicsburg,  a  hamlet  of  Boone  co.,  lud.,  8  miles 
N.  of  Lebanon.     It  has  a  church. 

Mechanicsburg,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Ind,, 
12  miles  N.W.  of  New  Castle.    It  has  a  church.    Pop.  133. 

Mechanicsburg,  a  post-village  in  Goshen  township, 
Champaign  co.,  0.,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Dela- 
ware with  Springfield,  18  miles  N.E.  of  the  latter,  and 
about  32  miles  W.N.W.  of  Columbus.  It  has  2  banks,  4 
churches,  a  union  school,  a  news})aper  office,  a  foundry,  2 
planing-mills,  a  machine-shop,  and  a  woollen-factory. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1459. 

Mechanicsburg,  a  post-borough  of  Cumberland  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Harrisburg,  and  10  miles  E.  of  Carlisle.  It  has  8  churoliM, 
a  town  hall,  2  national  banks,  the  Cumberland  Valley  In- 
stitute, tho  Irving  Female  College,  2  newspa))cr  offices,  sev- 
eral paper-mills,  gas-works,  <tc.  A  branch  railroad  extendi 
from  this  town  southward  to  Dillsburg.  Large  quantitiei 
of  iron  ore  are  shipped  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  3691. 

Mechanicsburg,  a  village  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa.,  about 
30  miles  W.  of  Altoona.  It  has  2  churches.  The  name  of 
its  post-ofBce  is  Brush  Valley.     Pop.  204. 

Mechanicsburg,  a  village  of  Westmoreland  co.,  P»., 
in  Ligonier  township,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Latrobe.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  flour-mill.  Coal  and  iron  ore 
are  found  here. 

Mechanicsburg,  a  post-village  of  Bland  co.,  Va.,  at 
tho  N.W.  base  of  Walker's  Mountain,  about  100  uiileJ 
(direct)  W.  by  S.  of  Lynchburg.  It  has  2  flour-mills,  a 
woollen-mill,  and  several  churches.  Coal  is  found  here 
about  200  feet  below  the  surface. 

Mechanic's  Grove,  a  post-village  in  Drumore  town- 
ship, Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  about  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lancaster, 
and  2i  miles  from  Fairmount  Station.  It  has  a  church  and 
manufactures  of  carriages  and  farm-implements. 

Mechanicstown,  mo-kan'iks-town,  a  post-village  of 
Frederick  co.,  Md.,  is  at  the  base  of  Catoctin  Mountain, 
on  the  Western  Maryland  Railroad,  57  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Baltimore,  and  27  miles  E.  of  Hagerstown.  It  has  4  or  5 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  an  academy,  and  2  tanneries. 
Pop.  in  1880,  730;  in  1890,  930. 

Mechanicstown,  a  post-village  in  Fox  township, 
Carroll  co.,  0.,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Canton.    It  has  3  cburcbe* 


MEG 


1795 


MED 


lechanic's  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Cecil  oo.,  Md. 

lechaiiic's  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa., 
icBuckingham  township,  2i  miles  from  Doylestown.  It 
hiia  grist-mil]  and  a  carriage-shop. 

lechanicsville,  me-kan'iks-vil,  a  post-office  of  Lee 
eC'Ala. 

lechanicsville,  a  post-village  ofWindhnm  CO.,  Conn., 
inthompson  township,  on  the  tjuinebaug  River,  and  on 
thjNorwich  &  Worcester  Railroad,  35  miles  N.N.B.  of 
NWich. 

lechanicsville,  a  post-office  of  Jasper  co.,  Ga. 

lechanicsville,  a  post-office  of  Vanderburg  co.,  Ind., 
alit  3  miles  N.E.  of  Evansvillc. 

echanicsville,  a  post-village  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Pi  cer  township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Rail- 
ro  ,  21  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Cedar  Rapids,  and  15  miles  S.  of 
Ainosa.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  2  bank- 
in  bouses,  and  4  churches.     Pop.  598. 

jechanicsville,  a  post-village  of  St.  Mary's  co.,  Md., 
ab  t  44  miles  S.S.W.  of  Annapolis.     It  has  2  churches. 

echanicsville,  a  post-hamletof  St.  Charles  co..  Mo., 
ab  t  33  miles  W.N.W.  of  St.  Louis.     It  has  a  church. 

echanicsville,  a  small  village  in  Readington  town- 
gh  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  IJ  miles  from  White  House  Sta- 
tio  and  about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Morristown.  It  has  a 
ch  ch  and  2  stores. 

echanicsville  (North  Oakfield  Post-Office),  a  ham- 
letf  Oakfield  township,  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  10  miles  N.N.W. 
of  latavia.  It  has  manufactures  of  staves  and  heading. 
Po  about  150. 

lechauicsville,  a  post-village  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y., 
in|a!f  Moon  and  Stillwater  townships,  on  the  W.  bank  of 
thitludson  River,  on  the  Champlain  Canal  and  the  Rens- 
eel  r  &  Saratoga  Railroad,  18  miles  N.  of  Albany,  and  14 
m\\  S.E.  of  Ballston.  It  has  an  academy,  4  churches, 
anijnanufacturesof  sash,  blinds,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  2679. 

Jiechanicsville,  a  post-office  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0. 

llechanicsviile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  co..  Pa., 
abet  20  miles  N.W.  of  Trenton,  N.J. 

Ifechanicsville  (Wesley  Post-Offico),  a  village  of 
Vc;|ngo  CO.,  Pa.,  in  Irvin  townshiji,  about  16  miles  S.S.AV. 
of  j-anklin.     It  has  2  churches. 

ibchanicsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sumter  co.,  S.C,  12 
mil|  N.  of  Sumter  Court-House.     It  has  a  church. 

1  echanicsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cannon  co.,  Tenn., 
les  E.  of  Woodbury.     It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

Hjichanicsville,  a  post-village  of  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Mo  t  Holly  township,  2  miles  from  Mount  Holly,  and  IS 
mil  S.S.E.  of  Rutland.   It  has  a  church,  a  lumber-mill,  <fec. 

3ichanicsviile,  a  hamlet  of  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  2i 
mil  from  Delaplaine  Station.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
oan'.ge-shop. 

3;chanic8ville,  a  post-office  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va. 

^jchelen,  mfis'^h-lgn,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Lim- 
bouf,  on  the  Meuse,  14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ilasselt. 

Atchin,  Quebec.     See  Dalibaire. 

H  chlin,  inik'lin  (Dutch  pron.  rads'lin,  almost  mSn'- 
lin)jr  Mechelen,  m5ic'§l-?n  (L.  Mechliit'ia;  Ger.  Mech- 
«/ii,{i6K'51n;  Fr.  Malinea,  miMoen'),  a  city  of  Belgium, 
pro*ce  and  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Antwerp,  divided  into  two 
portjnsby  the  Dyle.  Pop.  50,962.  It  is  the  central  station 
for  #j  railways  which  traverse  Belgium  in  all  directions. 
Priripal  ediliees,  a  cathedral  of  the  twelfth  century,  con- 
tain g  the  "  Last  Supper,"  by  Rubens  (whoso  "  Adoration 
of  t!  Magi"  is  in  the  church  of  St.  John,  here) ;  church 
of  if)  Recollets,  with  Vandyke's  famous  ''  Crucifixion ;" 
archishop's  palace,  town  hall,  arsenal,  cannon-foundry, 
Fraijscan  convent,  and  the  beguinage.  Mechlin  is  the  see 
of  tllarchbishop  primate  of  Belgium  and  the  residence  of  a 
miiiry  commandant,  and  has  a  diocesan  college,  an  acad- 
emy'  painting  and  architecture,  and  a  society  of  fine  arts. 
Its  Clef  manufactures  are  of  shawls,  woollen  stuifs,  tobacco, 
lace,  and  beer;  it  has  also  an  extensive  trade  in  flax, 
nd  oil,  and  communicates  with  Louvain  by  a  canal 
ble  for  vessels  of  160  tons.  Mechlin  appears  to  have 
junded  in  the  fifth  century.  For  some  time  it  w.as 
ed  by  its  own  counts.  Its  greatest  prosperity  was  in 
rteenth  century,  when  it  had  important  manufactures. 

•Mphoacan,  a  state  of  Mexico.     See  MicnoACA.v. 

M  chum's  River,  a  post-village  of  Albemarle  co., 
\a.,  I  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  and  on  a  small 
river  f  its  own  name,  10  miles  W.  of  Charlottesville.  It 
has  ffhurch  and  a  flour-mill. 

M);kenhcini,  m5k'k?n-hlrae\  a  village  of  Rhenish 
Bavrfi,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Durkheim.     Pop.  1915. 

Mf.kenheim,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  22  miles 
B.S.E5f  Cologne.    Pop.  1697. 


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Meckesheim,  m6k'k§s-hime\  a  village  of  Baden,  on 
the  Elsens,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Heidelberg.     Pop.  1224. 

Mcck'lenbiirg,  a  county  of  North  Carolina,  borders 
on  South  Carolina.  Area,  about  650  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Catawba  River.  The  surface  is 
hilly  and  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is 
mostly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  grass,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  mineral  resources  are 
gold  and  granite.  This  county  is  partly  traversed  by  two 
divisions  of  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  and  by 
the  Carolina  Central  Railroad,  ail  of  which  communicate 
with  Charlotte,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  24,299;  in  1880, 
34,175;  in  1890,  42,673. 

Mecklenburg,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Virginia, 
borders  on  North  Carolina.  Area,  about  658  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Meherrin  River,  and  inter- 
sected by  the  Roanoke  River,  which  is  formed  in  the  S.W. 
part  of  the  county  by  the  union  of  the  Dan  with  the  Staun- 
ton River.  The  surface  is  finely  diversified  with  hills  and 
fertile  valleys,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests. 
Tobacco,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Granite  is  found  here.  This  county  is  traversed 
by  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad  and  the  Atlantic  & 
Danville  Railroad,  the  latter  of  which  connects  with  Boyd- 
ton,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  21,318;  in  1880,  24,610;  in 
1890,  25,359. 

Mecklenburg,  a  post-village  in  Hector  township, 
Schuyler  co.,  N.Y.,  12  miles  W.  of  Ithaca.  It  contains  3 
churches,  a  hotel,  a  foundry,  a  flour-mill,  a  tannery,  a  bar- 
rel-factory, <tc.     Pop.  about  350. 

Mecklenburg-  (or  Meklenburg-)  Schwerin, 
mfik'l^n-bflrg  shwi-reen'  (Ger.  pron.  mSk'Ien-boono^  shwA- 
reen'),  a  grand  duchy  of  the  German  Empire,  bounded  N. 
by  the  Baltic  Sea,  W.  by  the  principality  of  Ratzeburg, 
S.W.  by  Hanover,  S.  by  Prussia,  and  E.  by  Prussia  and 
Mecklenburg-Strelitz.  Lat.from  53°  7'  to  54°  15'  N.;  Ion. 
from  10°  40'  to  13°  10'  E.  Area,  5137  square  miles.  The 
surface  is  generally  flat,  the  only  exception  being  a  ridge 
of  low  hills  which  forms  the  watershed  between  the  basins 
of  the  Elbe  and  the  Baltic.  The  sea-coast  is  low,  and  in- 
dented by  several  bays,  of  which  the  largest  is  that  of 
Wismar.  Lakes  are  very  numerous,  and  indeed  form  one 
of  the  characteristic  features  of  the  country.  The  soil  is 
fertile,  and  produces  corn  in  such  abundance  as  to  leave  a 
largo  surplus  for  export.  The  other  principal  crops  are 
pease,  beans,  potatoes,  and  turnips.  Both  horses  and  cattle 
are  exported,  and  wool  has  become  one  of  the  most  impor- 
tant sources  of  revenue.  The  distillation  of  spirits  from 
grain  is  largely  carried  on.  The  government  is  a  limited 
monarchy,  and  intimately  connected  with  that  of  Mecklen- 
burg-Strelitz. Each  duchy  has  its  separate  states,  but  both 
bodies  annually  meet  together,  and  have  power  to  make 
laws  and  impose  taxes  for  the  whole  of  Mecklenburg.  Cap- 
ital, Schwerin.     Largest  town,  Rostock.   P.  (1890)  578,665. 

Meck'lenburg-  (or  Mek'lenburg-)  Strel'itz  (Ger. 
pron.  m6k'l(;n-booRO^  stri'lits),  a  grand  duchy  of  the  Ger- 
man Empire,  intimately  connected  with  the  above,  consist- 
ing of  two  larger  and  several  smaller  districts.  The  former 
(called  respectively  the  Duchy  of  Strelitz  and  the  Princi- 
pality of  Ratzeburg)  are  separated  by  the  interposition  of 
Mecklcnburg-Schwerin.  Area,  1131  square  miles.  The 
physical  features  of  this  duchy  do  not  differ  essentiallj-  from 
those  of  Mecklenburg-Schwerin  above  described.  The  house 
of  Mecklenburg  is  the  oldest  reigning  family  in  Europe. 
Capital,  Neu-Strelitz.     Pop.  (1890)  97,978. 

Meck'ling,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co..  South  Dakota, 
on  the  Dakota  Southern  Railroad,  13  miles  E.  of  Yankton. 

Meco,  mi'ko,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  21  miles 
from  Madrid.     Pop.  1413. 

3Iecos'ta,  a  county  in  the  AV.  central  part  of  Michigan, 
has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Muskegon  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the  Chippewa 
River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  sugar-maple, 
oak,  and  other  trees  abound.  The  soil  is  fertile.  AVheat, 
oats,  hay,  and  potatoes  are  the  staples.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  and  Detroit,  Lansing 
&  Northern  Railroads.  A  branch  of  the  Chicago  &  West 
Michigan  Railroad  terminates  in  it.  Capital,  Big  Rapids. 
Pop.  in  1870,  5642;  in  1880,  13,973;  in  1890,  19,697. 

Mecosta,  a  post- village  in  Mecosta  township,  Mecosta 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  &  Northern  Railroad, 
63  miles  N.  of  Ionia,  and  15  miles  S.E.  of  Big  Rapids. 
Mecosta  is  a  thriving  trade  centre,  and  contains  extensive 
manufactures  of  lumber  and  shingles.  A  weekly  news- 
paper is  published  here.     Pop.  about  1200. 

Me'cox  Bay,  a  small  bay  on  the  S.  side  of  Suffolk  co., 


MED 


1796 


MED 


K.T.  (Long  Island),  E.  of  Shionecock  Bay.  On  it  is  the 
Villnge  of  Water  Mill. 

iKecqaCi  the  French  name  of  Mecca. 

Meda,  mi'dft,  a  town  of  Italy,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Monsa. 
Pop.  lOUO. 

Medak,  m&'d&k\  a  village  of  Croatia,  12  miles  from 
Oospioh.     Pop.  1327. 

Uleda'ryTille,  a  post-Tillage  of  Pulaski  oo.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Louisville,  New  Albany  A  Chicago  Kailro&d,  46  miles 
N.  of  Lafayette.     Pop.  193. 

Med'dybempSi  or  Med'ybemps,  a  post-township 
of  Washington  co.,  Me.,  35  miles  N.N.E.  of  Machins, 
bounded  N.  by  a  large  lake  of  the  same  name.     Pop.  200. 

Mode*  m4'd&,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Pavia,  20 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Xovara,  in  a  fertile  plain.  It  has  silk- 
mills  and  other  manufactories.     Pop.  62U9. 

Aledeah,  m&-d&'&  (ano.  Lamida),  n  town  of  Algeria, 
province  and  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Algiers.  It  is  supplied 
with  water  by  means  of  an  aqueduct.     Pop.  3620. 

Medebach,  m&'d^h-b&KS  or  Madebeke,  m&'d^h- 
M^k^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  32  miles  S.E.  of 
Arnsberg.     Pop.  2153. 

Medeenet-Aboo,  or  Medinet-Abn,  mi-dco'ndt-&- 
boo',  a  village  of  Upper  Egypt,  on  that  part  of  the  ruins 
of  Thebes  lying  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Nile,  opposite 
Luxor,  and  comprising  the  remains  of  its  chief  temples. 
See  Thebes. 

Medeeyad)  or  Mcdiyad,  me-dee^y&d',  a  small  town 
of  Asiatic  Turkey,  in  a  populous  plain,  35  miles  S.  of  Sort. 
It  is  the  residence  of  a  governor. 

Medellin,  mi-Dfil-yeen',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
52  miles  E.  of  Badajos,  on  the  Ouadiana.  Pop.  1555. 
Uernando  Cortez  was  born  here  in  1485. 

Medellin,  mi-dSl-yeen',  a  city  of  the  republic  of  Co- 
lombia, eapitiil  of  the  department  of  Antioquia,  between  the 
Cordilleras  of  the  Andes,  48  miles  S.E.  of  Antioquia.  Ele- 
vation, 5030  feet.  Pop.  estimated  at  14,000.  It  is  pic- 
turesquely situated,  has  a  mint,  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  is  an 
entrepdt  for  a  considerable  region. 

Medellin,  a  river  of  Mexico,  state  of  Vera  Cruz,  en- 
ters the  Gulf  of  Mexico  about  5  miles  S.  of  that  city,  after 
an  E.  course  of  25  miles. 

Medellin,  a  town  of  Mexico,  15  miles  by  rail  from 
Vera  Cruz. 

Medemblik,  mi'd^m-bleek^  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  North  Holland,  on  the  Zuyder  Zee,  9  miles  N.W. 
of  Enkhuysen.     Pop.  2193. 

Medenice,  mi'd§h-neet'si.,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Ga- 
licia,  36  miles  from  Sambor,  on  the  Letnienka.    Pop.  2010. 

Me'derville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  about 
48  miles  N.W.  of  Dubuque. 

Medesano,  mi-dd-si'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  10  miles 
S.AV.  of  Parma,  on  the  Taro.     Pop.  of  commune,  4054. 

Med'field,  a  post-village  in  Medfield  township,  Nor- 
folk CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston,  Clinton  A  Fitchburg  Kail- 
road  and  the  Boston,  Hartford  &,  Erie  Railroad,  18  miles 
S.AV.  of  Boston.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
carriages  and  straw  goods.  The  township  is  drained  by 
the  Charles  River.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1163. 

Med'ford,  a  post-office  of  Desha  co.,  Ark.,  on  the  Little 
Rock,  Mississippi  River  &  Texas  Railroad,  33  miles  N.W. 
of  Arkansas  City. 

Medford,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Piscataquis 
eo.,  Me.,  about  36  miles  N.  of  Bangor.  The  township  is 
intersected  by  the  Piscataquis  River. 

Mcdford,  a  post-village  in  Medford  township,  Middle- 
sex CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Mystic  River,  on  the  Boston  &  Lowell 
Railroad,  and  on  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad,  Medford 
Branch,  5  miles  N.N.W.  of  Boston.  It  contains  7  churches, 
a  high  school,  a  town  house,  1  or  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
•avings-bank,  and  Tufts  College  (Universalist),  which  was 
organized  in  1855  and  has  16  instructors  and  a  library  of 
13,000  volumes.  (See  College  Hill).  Medford  has  manu- 
factures of  rum,  bricks,  and  buttons.  Pop.  of  the  township 
in  1890, 11,079.  Mystic  Pond,  which  is  on  its  border,  sup- 
plies Charlestown  with  water. 

Medford,  a  post-village  in  Medford  township,  Steele 
CO.,  Minn.,  on  Strait  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwau- 
kee &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Faribault,  and  7  miles 
N.  of  Owatonna.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and 
a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  300;  of  the  township,  561. 

Medford,  a  post-village  in  Medford  township,  Bur- 
lington CO.,  N.J.,  on  Haines  Creek,  about  7  miles  S.  by  W. 
of  Mount  Holly,  and  about  16  miles  E.  of  Camden.  It 
has  5  churches,  a  national  bank,  and  a  manufactory  of 
glassware.  The  Mount  Holly  <fc  Medford  Branch  Railroad 
c6nnects  it  with  Mount  Holly. 


Medford,  a  station  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Lobi 
Island  Railroad,  55  miles  E.  of  Brooklyn. 

Medford,  a  jwst-village,  capital  of  Taylor  co.,Wii,,  it 
Medford  township,  on  Black  River,  near  its  source,  and  oa 
the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  230  miles  N.W.  of  Mil. 
waukee,  and  67  miles  N.W.  of  Stevens  Point.  It  hat  . 
court-house,  a  church,  2  newspaper  offices,  manufaeturet 
of  lumber,  sash,  and  blinds.     Pop.  in  1890,  1193. 

Med'ford,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
on  Minos  Basin,  II  miles  from  Port  Williams  StjitiuD 
Pop.  200. 

Medford  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Piscataquis  co.,  Ble, 
on  the  I'isciitaqiiis  Kivcr,  about  40  miles  N.  of  Ilungor. 

Medford  Ilill'side,a  station  in  Middlesex  co.,MaJs. 
on  the  Boston  &  Lowell  Railroad,  5^  miles  N.W.  of  Botton. 

Medgyes,  mWyfish',  or  Medias,  uii'dcls  (anc 
Media?),  a  town  of  Transylvania,  on  the  Great  Kokol,  Z\ 
miles  E.  of  Karlsburg.  Pup.  4C21.  It  is  cncloi-ed  l>y  walla 
and  has  a  Protestant  college  and  a  Catholic  high  schuol. 

Media,  mee'de-a,  a  country  of  antiquity,  compritiiij 
the  N.  and  W.  provinces  of  the  modern  Persian  dominioni 
viz.,  Irak-Ajcmee,  Mazanderan,  Ghilan,  and  Azerbaijan 
the  last  having  been  the  ancient  Media  Atroptiieue.  Thi 
Great  Median  wall,  between  the  Tigris  and  Euphrnte?  ai 
their  nearest  point  of  approach,  has  been  apparently  identi- 
fied of  late  between  lat.  33°  20'  and  34°  N.  and  about  Ion 
44°  E.  Media  once  formed  part  of  the  Assyrian  Empire 
rose  afterwards  to  be  an  independent  monarchy,  and,  havinj 
been  subjugated  by  Cyrus,  was  incorporated  with  Persia 
On  the  downfall  of  the  Persian  Empire  it  passed  first  to  tbi 

Seleucidm  and  then  to  the   Parthians. Adj.  Medias 

inhab.  Mkde,  meed. 

Me'dia,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Delaware  co.,  Pa. 
in  Upper  Providence  township,  on  the  West  Chester  A  Phil 
adelphia  Railroad,  14  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Philadelphia,  am 
about  13  miles  from  West  Chester.  It  contains  a  fine  court 
house,  a  large  hotel,  n  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  a  ncwi 
paper  office,  the  Brooke  Hall  Female  Seminary,  an  academj 
and  7  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  2736. 

Mediana,  mi-ne-i'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Aragon,  2 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Saragossa,  on  the  Ginel.     Poj;.  1620. 

Mediap'olis,  a  post-village  of  Des  Moines  co.,  lowi 
in    Yellow   Spring    township,   on    the   Burlington,  Coda 
Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad,  15  miles  N.  of  Burlington, 
the  junction  of  the  Burlington  &  Northwestern  Hailroad 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  40il 

Mediciua,  mi-de-chee'na,  a  town  of  Italy,  15  miles  E 
of  Bologna,  on  the  Canal  of  Medicina.  Pop.  11,355,  moetl; 
agricultural. 

Med'icinc,  a  township  of  Livingston  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  901 

Medicine,  a  township  of  Mercer  co..  Mo.     Pop,  9.39. 

Medicine,  a  township  of  Putnam  co..  Mo.    Pop.  665 

Medicine,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co..  Mo. 

Medicine  Bow,  a  post-village  of  Carbon  co.,  Wyo 
ming,  is  on  or  near  the  Medicine  Bow  River,  and  on  th 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  74  miles  N.N.W.  of  Laraini 
City. 

Medicine  Bow  Mountains,  a  range  of  the  Rock 
Mountains,  in  Wyoming  and  Colorado.  It  extends  frot 
Long's  Peak,  Colorado,  nearly  northwestward  into  Wyo 
ming.  The  North  Fork  of  the  Platte  flows  between  thes 
mountains  and  the  main  range,  or  "  divide,"  of  the  Rock 
Mountains.  Among  the  highe.st  peaks  of  the  Medicin 
Bow  Range  are  the  Elk  Mountain  and  Big  Horn,  which  ar 
in  Wyoming.  Lignite  or  coal  abounds  here.  This  rang 
of  mountains,  which  is  extensively  covered  with  forestiti 
pine,  forms  the  S.W.  boundary  of  the  Laramie  Plain. 

Medicine  Bow  River  rises  in  the  mount.iins  in  th 
S.  part  of  Wyoming,  runs  nearly  northwestward  in  Carbo 
CO.,  and  enters  the  North  Fork  of  the  Platte  30  miles  NJI.i 
of  Rawlins.  It  is  120  miles  long.  Its  mouth  is  at » 
elevation  of  6200  feet  above  tide-wnter. 

Medicine  Creek,  Missouri,  rises  in  Mercer  co.,  mt 
southward  through  Grundy  co..  and  enters  Grand  Riven 
Livingston  co.,  about  10  miles  S.E.  of  Chillicothe.    It 
nearly  100  miles  long. 

Medicine  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Furnas  eo.,  Neb- 
Medicine   Lodge,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Rarbi 
CO.,  Kansas,  on  Medicine  Lodge  Creek,  198  miles  by  at-i 
line  S.W.  of  Topeka.     Pop.  in  1890,  1095;  of  Medidt 
Lodge  township,  1910. 

Med'icine  (or  Sun)  River,  Montana,  rises  in  tlj 
Rocky  Mountains,  runs  eastward,  forms  the  N.  boBllWJ 
of  Lewis  and  Clarke  co.,  and  enters  the  Missouri  lU**' 'i 
Choteau  co.,  about  10  miles  above  the  Great  Falls,  or  C»j 
aract.  It  is  nearly  150  miles  long,  and  in  some  pl«<Je*  ' 
yards  wide.    Gold  is  found  near  it.     Its  valley  is  fertile. 


MED 


1797 


MED 


ffedicine  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Potter  co.,  Dakota. 

ttedi'na  (formerly  The  Mede),  a  river  of  England, 
]  3  of  Wight,  which  it  divides  into  two  nearly  equal  parts, 
■  ning  the  sea  at  Cowes  Uarbor.  It  is  navigable  to  New- 
j  t,  4  miles  inland. 

HIedina,  m^-dec'nA,  an  Arabic  word,  signifying  "city," 
1  aiing  the  names  or  portions  of  the  names  of  a  number  of 
tfns  in  Arabia,  Barbary,  and  Spain. 

Medina,  m^-dee'ni  or  md-dee'nl  (Arab.  Medinat-el- 
M,  pronounced  mQ-dee'nit-4n-n4'bee\  "the  Prophet's 
cr;"  anc.  Yatrih,  Jathrip'ita,  or  Jatrlp'jia),  a  city  of 
y  kbia,  containing  the  tomb  of  Mohammed,  248  miles  N. 
I  \7.  of  Mecca.  Lat.  24°  57'  N. ;  Ion.  39°  53'  B.  It  stands 
r  ut  3000  feet  above  the  sea-level,  at  the  E.  side  of  the 
luntains  running  parallel  to  the  Red  Sea;  extending  S. 
iln  immense  plain;  in  every  other  direction  the  view  is 
llnded  by  hills  or  mountains,  which,  towards  the  S.W., 
lie  a  bold  and  rugged  appearance.  It  is  surrounded  by 
Mrong  stone  wall  about  40  feet  high,  flanked  with  towers, 
vSlo  on  a  rock  at  its  N.W.  side  stands  the  Castle.  Of  its 
3ptes,  that  facing  the  S.,  and  called  the  "  Egyptian  Gate," 
ijemarkable  for  its  beauty.  The  houses  are  of  stone,  two 
eries  high,  and  many  of  them  betoken  opulence  and  com- 
f  ;.  The  most  noteworthy  buildings  are  the  great  mosque, 
Smaller  ones,  a  college,  and  the  public  baths.  Beyond 
t  walls  of  the  city,  W.  and  S.,  are  suburbs  consisting  of 
1 '  houses,  yards,  gardens,  and  plantations.  These  suburbs 
Ire  also  their  walls  and  gates.  The  canal,  which  supplies 
Iidina  with  water  from  a  valley  a  few  miles  to  the  S.,  is 
ti  greatest  of  its  kind  in  Arabia.  It  is  generally  about  25 
ft  under  ground,  and  terminates  in  a  basin,  from  which 
s  may  draw. 

^hc  mosque  of  the  Prophet  stands  at  the  E.  side  of  the 
1 7,  and,  though  on  a  smaller  scale,  it  resembles  that  at 

I  cca ;  its  colonnades  are  remarkable  only  for  their  extreme 
i  jgularity.  The  tomb  of  the  Prophet  is  enclosed  with  a 
8 sen  of  iron  filigree  of  excellent  workmanship;  at  the  S. 
a  9  of  this  the  pilgrim  goes  through  his  devotions.  There 
a  four  doors  into  the  interior,  but  one  of  these  only  is 
e  n,  and  is  kept  by  a  eunuch.  Admission  into  the  enclosed 
a  a,  or  El-llejarah,  is  allowed  only  to  pashas,  leaders  of 
t  Haj,  and  such  like,  on  payment  of  a  large  fee.  There 
iiittle  to  be  seen  inside  but  the  embroidered  silk  curtains, 
fl  ich  are  said  to  conceal  a  quadrangular  black  stone,  sup- 
pted  by  two  pillars,  between  wliich  are  the  graves  of 
Shammed  and  his  friends  and  successors  Aboo-Bekr  and 
Oar.  Great  numbers  make  the  pilgrimage  to  the  Prophet's 
t(ib;  and  it  is  estimated  that  one-third  of  the  Mecca  pil- 
gms  go  on  to  Medina,  the  pilgrimage  to  which  may  bo 
pprmed  at  any  time  of  the  year.  The  inhabitants  of 
tip  city,  like  those  of  Mecca,  are  strangers  in  the  land  of 
tl  Bedouins.  They  are  less  gay  and  vivacious  than  those 
ojklecca,  and  at  the  same  time  more  studious  as  to  appear- 
ajes.  The  Shereefs  in  JNIedina  are  Ulema,  or  doctors  of 
tl  Koran.  The  business  of  Medina  is  all  done  by  the 
n -chants  of  Yembo,  or  Yambo,  a  port  on  the  Red  Sea, 
aut  105  miles  to  the  S.W.  The  population  is  supposed 
bte  from  16,000  to  20,000,  of  whom  12,000  are  within  the 

II  Is. 

ledina,  a  city  of  Malta.    See  CittX  Vecchia. 
ledina,  a  village  of  Scncgambia,  Jaloof  country.    Lat. 
1    18'  N.;  Ion.  15°  12'  W. 
ledi'ua,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an  area 

0  ibout  425  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Black  and 
Biky  Rivers  and  Chippewa  Creek.  The  surface  is  undu- 
Isng,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The 
u  is  fertile,  and  adapted  to  pasturage.  Butter,  wool, 
0!,  hay,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  maple  sugar  are  the 
Btjie  products.     This  county  has  beds  of  bituminous  coal. 

1  is  intersected  by  the  New  York,  Lake  Erie  &  Western 
Iilroad,  the  Cleveland,  Lorain  &,  Wheeling  Railroad,  the 
Itsburg,  Akron  <fc  Western  Railroad,  and  the  Baltimore 
<S>hio  Railroad.  Capital,  Medina.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,092; 
ill 880,_ 21,453;  in  1890,  21,742. 

Iledina,  a  southern  county  of  Texas,  has  an  area  of 
Riut  1270  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Rio 
ludo,  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Medina  River,  and 
at)  drained  by  Seco  Creek.  The  surface  is  uneven  or 
Ify.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile,  and  produces  pasture  for 
Elny  cattle,  which  are  the  chief  articles  of  export.     This 

0  nty  is  traversed  through  the  central  part  from  E.  to  W. 

1  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Castroville. 
In.  in  1870,  2078;  in  1880,  4492;  in  1890,  5730. 

Iledina,  a  township  of  Peoria  co..  111.,  bounded  E.  by 
liria  Lake.     Pop.  905.     It  contains  Mossville. 

Medina,  a  township  of  AVarren  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  609.  It 
<itains  Pools ville  and  Green  Hill. 


Medina,  a  post-rillage  of  Jefiferson  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Delaware  River,  nearly  1  mile  N.  of  the  Kansas  River^ 
and  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  15  miles  E.  of  Topeka, 
and  14  miles  W.  of  Lawrence.    It  has  a  church.     Pop.  197. 

Medina,  a  post-village  in  Medina  township,  Lenawee 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  Tiffin  River,  about  14  miles  S.W.  of  Adrian, 
and  4  miles  S.  of  the  Lake  Shore  <fc  Michigan  Southern 
Railroad.  It  contains  an  academy,  2  churches,  a  cheese- 
factory,  a  flour-mill,  and  2  saw-mills.  Pop.  about  250 ;  of 
the  township,  1798. 

Medina,  a  township  of  Hennepin  co.,  Minn.  Pop. 
1348.     It  contains  Leighton. 

Medina,  a  post-village  of  Orleans  eo.,  N.Y.,  on  Oak 
Orchard  Creek,  on  the  Erie  Canal,  and  on  the  New  York 
Central  Railroad,  41  miles  W.  of  Rochester,  and  16  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Lockport.  It  contains  5  churches,  a  national 
bank,  the  Medina  Free  Academy,  2  newspaper  offices,  the 
Medina  Iron-Works,  and  several  flouring-mills.  It  ha« 
also  manufactures  of  pumps,  pipes,  sinks,  and  general  hard- 
ware. Here  is  a  quarry  of  Medina  sandstone  (Silurian), 
a  good  material  for  building.  The  line  which  separates 
Ridgeway  township  from  Shelby  passes  through  Medina. 
Pop.  in  1880,  3632;  in  1890,  4492. 

Medina,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Medina  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Cleveland,  Tuscarawas  Valley  &  Wheeling  Railroad,  36 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Massillon,  about  26  miles  S.  by  AV.  of 
Cleveland,  and  20  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Akron.  It  is  mostly 
in  Medina  township,  and  partly  in  Montville.  It  contains 
5  churches,  2  national  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  normal 
school,  2  machine-shops,  1  or  2  flour-mills,  and  manufac- 
tures of  cheese,  bee-hives,  hollow-ware,  Ac.  Pop.  in  1890, 
2073;  of  the  township,  additional,  854. 

Medina,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gibson  co.,  Tenn.,  and  a  sta- 
tion on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad,  8 
miles  S.  of  Milan.     It  has  2  churches. 

Medina,  a  township  of  Dane  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  1417. 

Medina,  a  post-village  in  Dale  township,  Outagamie 
CO.,  Wis.,  near  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  12  miloa 
W.  of  Appleton,  and  IJ  miles  from  Medina  Station,  which 
is  11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Menasha.  It  has  2  churches,  manu- 
factures of  wagons,  and  a  money-order  post-office. 

Medina,  York  co.,  Ontario.     See  Keswick. 

Medinaceli,  mi-nee'ni-thi'lee,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  33  miles  S.  of  Soria.     Pop.  1064, 

Medina  de  las  Torres,  mi-Dce'ni  di  lis  toR'nSs,  » 
town  of  Spain,  43  miles  S.S.E.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  3341. 

Medina  del  Campo,  md-Dce'ni  dSl  kim'po  (anc. 
Methimna  Canipestris  !),  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Leon,  26  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Valladolid.  It  has  2  hospitals,  and  a  collegiate 
and  6  parish  churches.  There  arc  ruins  denoting  the  ancient 
importance  of  this  place,  which  once  contained  50,000  in- 
habitants. It  was  a  royal  court  and  a  much-frequented  em- 
porium. Medina  was  the  capital  of  the  Campo,  or  level 
district,  which  is  one  of  the  finest  wheat-countries  in  the 
world.     Pop.  4208. 

Medina  de  Pomar,  mi-cee'nl  di  po-mau',  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  38  miles  N.N.E.  of  Burgos.    Pop.  1815. 

Medina  de  Rio  Seco,  mi-oee'ni  di  rec'o  si'ko,  a 
town  of  Spain,  province  and  25  miles  N.W.  of  Valladolii], 
on  the  Sequillo,  an  affluent  of  the  Douro. 

Medi'ua  River,  Texas,  rises  near  the  N.  border  of 
Bandera  co.,  which  it  intersects.  It  runs  southeastward, 
forms  the  boundary  between  the  cos.  of  Bexar  and  Medina, 
and  unites  with  Salada  Creek  about  15  miles  S.  of  San 
Antonio.  The  stream  formed  by  this  junction  is  the  San 
Antonio  River. 

Medina- Sidonia,  mi-Dce'ni-se-do'ne-i,  a  city  of 
Spain,  in  Andalusia,  province  and  22  miles  S.E.  of  Cadiz. 
Pop.  9703.  It  stands  on  the  brow  of  a  rocky  eminence,  is 
enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  externally  an  imposing  appear- 
ance, but  it  is  almost  wholly  in  decay.  The  principal 
square,  in  which  stand  the  Tuscan  and  Doric  town  house 
and  the  granary,  has  a  planted  promenade  and  is  pro- 
vided with  lamps.  There  are  10  schools,  a  foundling  hos- 
pital, an  orphan  asylum,  2  churches,  2  nunneries,  and  5 
hermitages. 

Medinat«el-Nebi,  the  Arabic  name  of  Medina 

Medinet-Abu,  Egypt.    See  Medeenet-Aboo. 

Medinet-et-Fayoom,  mi-dee'nSt-61-fi-oom'  (uno. 
Crocodilup'ulis,  afterwards  Arsiu'oe),  a  town  of  Egypt, 
capital  of  the  province  of  Fayoom,  on  fhe  Bahr-Yoosuf, 
52  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Cairo.  It  has  several  Coptio 
churches,  mosques,  manufactories  of  woollen  stuffs,  and  a 
trade  in  rose-water  and  nitre.     Pop.  12,000. 

Medioburgum,  Medium  Castrum.   See  Midokl- 

BURO. 

Mediolanum,  England.    See  DRArrox-i.v-HALES. 


MED 


1798 


M£!£ 


IWcdinlnnnm,  France.    See  Etrgux;  also  BAiirnn. 

Mrdioliiniiin,  a  city  of  Italy.     See  Milan. 

Mediniiiutrici,  an  ancient  name  of  Mbtz. 

Moditcrrnnean,  mid'e-tfr-ri'no-^n,  "midland,"  Is  a 
name  n])iilicd  generally  to  all  seas  nearly  surrounded  by 
land,  as  the  Daltio. 

Mediterranean  Sea  (L.  Mnr«  Internum  or  Medtter- 
ra'neiim;  Fr.  Mer  Medtterranit,  main  m&Mee^tdR^r&^n&'; 
8p.  M'lr  MedlUrraneo,  man  niJk-De-tiR-r&'n&-o;  It.  Mnre 
Juedittrraneo,  m&'rd  m&-do-t6K-n&'n4-o;  Uor.  Mi'ttelmeer, 
tnit'tfl-maiR\  or  Mitttll'dnditchei  Meet,  mitUfl-IAn'dish-^s 
maiR),  a  great  inland  sea,  between  lat.  30°  20'  and  45°  50' 
K.  and  Ion.  6°  Vf.  and  35°  E.,  abont  2200  miles  long ; 
breadth,  from  Venice  to  the  Oulf  of  Sidra,  1200  miles.  On 
the  N.  and  N.W.  it  washes  the  shores  of  Europe,  on  the  S. 
those  of  Africa,  and  on  the  E.  those  of  Asia.  It  commu- 
nicates on  the  W.  with  the  Atlantic  Ocean  by  the  Strait  of 
Gibraltar,  and  on  the  N.E.  with  the  Block  Sea  through  the 
Fea  of  Marmora  and  the  Straits  of  Dardanelles  and  Con- 
•lantinople.  It  is  very  irregular  in  shape:  by  the  projec- 
tion of  tne  S.  part  of  Italy,  and  of  Cane  Bon  in  Africa,  and 
the  interposition  of  the  island  of  Sicily,  it  is  divided  near 
its  centre  into  distinct  and  not  very  unequal  E.  and  W. 
portions.  In  addition  to  these  the  other  important  subdi- 
visions are  the  Tyrrhene  or  Tuscan  Sea,  the  Adriatic  Sea 
or  Oulf  of  Venice,  the  Ionian  Sea,  and  the  iEgoan  Sea  or 
Grecian  Archipelago.  The  largest  gulfs  are,  on  the  shores 
of  Europe,  those  of  Lyons,  Genoa,  Taranto,  Lepanto,  Koron, 
Kolokythia,  ^gina,  and  Salonica;  on  the  shores  of  Asia, 
Adramyti,  Smyrna,  Adalia,  and  Iskanderoon ;  and  on  the 
•horcs  of  Africa,  Sidra  and  Cabes.  The  largest  and  most 
important  islands  are  Sicily,  Sardinia,  Corsica,  and  the 
Balearic  Isles  in  the  W.  division,  and  Cyprus,  llbodcs, 
Crete,  the  Ionian  Isles,  and  Malta  in  the  E.  division.  The 
principal  rivers  which  discharge  themselves  into  the  Medi- 
terranean are  the  Ebro,  Rhone,  Po,  and  Nile;  and  through 
the  Hellespont  and  Bosporus  it  receives  the  waters  of  the 
Black  Sea.  Between  Cape  Bon  and  the  Sicilian  coast, 
where  the  water  is  shallowest,  the  depth  barely  exceeds  30 
fathoms,  but  in  almost  all  other  places,  particularly  at  a 
distance  from  the  shores  and  inlands,  is  so  much  increased 
that  it  often  gives  no  soundings.  Owing  to  the  very  nar- 
row channel  which  connects  the  Mediterranean  with  the 
main  ocean,  there  is  very  little  tide,  though  in  some  places, 
as  in  the  Ionian  Sea,  the  Adriatic,  on  parts  of  the  African 
coast,  <kc.,  a  rise  of  more  than  0  feet  sometimes  occurs.  The 
general  current,  entering  from  the  ocean,  flows  E.  along 
Africa,  then  N.  along  Syria,  and  begins  to  return  by  fol- 
lowing the  coast  of  Anatolia  W.  The  prevailing  winds  are 
the  S.E.  and  S.AV.  in  spring,  and  the  N.E.  and  N.W.  during 
the  rest  of  the  year.  They  often  blow  suddenly  and  with 
great  violence.  The  most  remarkable  are  the  Bora,  in  the 
Adriatic,  and  the  burning  Sirocco,  from  the  African  Desert. 
Waterspouts  are  common  on  the  coast  of  Asia  Minor. 
Active  volcanoes  exist  on  the  const  of  Italy,  in  the  Lipari 
Islands,  and  in  Sicily.  The  Mediterranean  abounds  with 
fish,  and  also  furnishes  fine  coral  and  sponge. 

The  Mediterranean  was  called  by  the  Hebrews  "the  Great 
Sea."  The  Phoenicians  are  the  first  people  known  to  have 
extended  their  commerce  along  its  co.ists;  the  Greeks  after- 
wards disputed  it  with  them.  After  the  destruction  of  Car- 
thage the  Romans  were  sole  masters  of  its  shores;  and  in 
the  Middle  Ages  the  Venetians  monopolized  its  commerce. 

Mediyad,  a  village  of  Turkey.     See  Medeeyad. 

Itfcdix  Run,  Elk  co.,  Pa.    See  Barr's. 

Medjerda,  a  river  of  North  Africa.     See  Mejerda. 

Medjiiye,  or  Medsliidschee,  med'jccd^ji',  a  town 
of  Roumania,  in  the  Dobrudja,  25  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of 
Chernavoda.     Pop.  8000. 

Medjmaa,  mdj^m|',  Medsh^maa%orEl9IeJ^ma', 
a  fortified  town  of  Arabia,  in  Nedjed,  chief  town  of  the 
Setleyr  province,  160  miles  N.E.  of  El  Rass.     Pop.  18,000. 

Medl,  mdd'l,  or  Mcedl,  mM'l,  a  village  of  Moravia,  4 
miles  from  Littau.     Pop.  1260. 

MedMan's  Ranch,  a  hamlet  of  Young  co.,  Tex.  P.  28. 

lUed'ley,  or  Med'ley's,  a  post-office  and  station  of 
Montgomery  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  International  &  Great  North- 
ern Railroad,  33^  miles  N.  of  Houston. 

Medley,  a  hamlet  of  Grant  co.,  Vf.  Va.,  26  miles  S.  of 
Keyser.     It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

Medling,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Modlixo. 

Ulednoi,  mSd-noi',  an  island  belonging  to  Russia,  in  the 
Behring  Sea,  E.  of  Behring  Island.  Length,  30  miles; 
breadth,  5  miles.     Copper  is  found  on  its  W.  coast. 

Medo,  m4'do,  a  small  island  of  Brazil,  in  the  Bay  of 
SSo  Marcos,  state  and  4  miles  W.  of  Maranhao. 

Me'do,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  in  Medo  township,  Blue 


Earth  co.,  Minn.,  about  80  miles  S.S.AV.  of  St.  Ptnl  n 
township  contains  2  churches,  and  is  drained  by  Cohi 
River.     Pop.  of  the  township,  007. 

M edoacns  Mi\jor,  the  ancient  name  of  tha  Buxrij 

Medoacus  Minor.    SeeBACouicuosn. 

Aledoc,  m?h-dok',  an  old  district  of  Franc«,  ig  ti„ 
N.W.  part  of  Guionne,  along  the  Garonno.  It  now  fori» 
the  N.W.  part  of  the  department  of  Girondo. 

Me'doc,  a  post-village  of  Jasper  co..  Mo.,  ■koni  i< 
miles  N.W.  of  Carthage.  " 

Me'don,  a  post-village  of  Madison  oo.,  Tenn.,OB  tbt 
Now  Orleans,  St.  Louis  k  Chicago  Railroad,  11  milM  8.  o| 
Jackson.     It  has  a  church. 

Mcdo'ra,  a  post-village  In  Chesterfield  towi 
coupin  CO.,  111.,  on  the  Rockford,  Rook  lalanil 
Railroad,  20  miles  N.  of  Alton.     It  has  2  churcLw,  .  „  ,jr 
mill,  and  a  carriage-factory. 

Medora,  a  post-village  in  Carr  township,  Jaekion  «. 
Ind.,  on  the  East  Fork  of  the  White  River,  and  on  thi 
Ohio  k  Mississippi  Railroad.  86  miles  E.  of  Vineennst.  I 
has  a  church,  a  flouring-mill,  a  lumber-mill,  and  Mren 
stores  and  other  business  concerns. 

Medora,  a  post-ofiice  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa. 

Medora,  a  post-village  of  Osage  co.,  Mc,  on  the  Mi» 
Bouri  River,  and  on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  USL  Ai 
bert  Station,  105  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis.     Pop.  abont  liO, 

Medrcac,  m&Mr^'&k',  a  village  of  France,  in  lUe-«( 
Vilaine,  10  miles  N.N.W,  of  Montfort.     Pop.  341, 

Medsliidsctiee,  Roumania.    See  Mrdjiojb. 

Mcduana,  the  Latin  name  of  Mate.xnr. 

Medunta,  France.    See  Mantes-sur-Seixb. 

Medusa,  me-doo'si>,  a  post-village  in  licnsselaerrUV 
township,  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  about  25  miles  S.W.of  Albaay 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  cider,  floor,  im 
paper.     Pop.  94. 

Meduxnilteag,  me-dSx'ne-kSg,  a  broad,  rapid  rirc 
running  into  the  St.  John  a  few  miles  above  ^V(>odstodl 
New  Brunswick.  It  takes  its  rise  in  the  state  of  Maiivt 
has  numerous  windings,  spreads  into  largo  and  inferie 
branches,  and  contains  a  number  of  islands.  Dcpoiiti  o< 
red  hematite  iron  occur  near  its  mouth, 

Medvejii-Ostrova,  mJd-vid'jee-os-tro'vl  ("B« 
Islands"),  two  groups  of  islands  in  Asiatic  Russia;  ona  ii 
Behring  Strait,  the  other  in  the  Arctic  Ocean,  opposite  tb< 
mouth  of  the  Kolyma  River. 

Medves,  mdd'vSsh',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  and  I 
miles  from  Temesvar,  on  the  Theiss.     Pop.  745. 

Medvieditza,  m4d-ve-i-dit'sJ,  incorrectly  writtn 
Melvidetz,  a  river  of  Russia,  joins  the  Don  on  the  left 
15  miles  below  the  influx  of  the  Khoper,  after  a  S.W. conrn 
of  330  miles.  German  and  other  colonies  are  located  on  it 
banks. 

Med'way  (anc.  Vaga  T),  a  river  of  England,  rises  ii 
the  S.E.  part  of  Surrey  co.,  and  joins  the  Thames  at  Sheer 
ness,  above  which  it  forms  a  great  and  important  eitoarj 
It  is  navigable  to  Penshurst. 

Med'way,  or  Port  Medway,  a  river  of  Nora  Seotiai 
takes  its  rise  in  Queens  co.,  and  enters  the  Atlantic  tbitwft 
the  harbor  of  Port  Medway.     Length,  about  100  miles. 

Med'way,  a  small  river  of  Georgia,  which  enten  tbt 
Atlantic  between  Bryan  and  Liberty  cos.,  25  miles  S.  by  W 
of  Savannah. 

Medway,  a  post-township  of  Penobscot  co..  Me,  « 
the  Penobscot  River,  about  64  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bangor.  Ii 
contains  a  church.     Pop.  321. 

Medway,  a  post-village  in  Medway  township,  Korfoll, 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  Charles  River,  and  on  the  Woonsocket  dirisioi' 
of  the  Boston,  Hartford  <t  Erie  Railroad,  25  miles  S.W.oi; 
Boston.  It  has  6  churches  and  a  savings-bank.  The  towa 
ship  contains  another  village,  named  AVest  Medway,  aaf 
has  manufactures  of  cotton,  boots,  and  straw  goods.  Ptfj 
of  the  township,  4242. 

Medway,  a  small  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  K.l-} 
about  22  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Albany.    It  has  1  or  2  cburcheii 

Medway,  a  post-village  of  Clark  co.,  C,  in  B«'''« 
township,  3  miles  from  Osborn  Station,  about  14  miles  N.B 
of  Dayton,  and  1  mile  AV.  of  Mad  River.  It  has  a  chareh 
Pop.  about  200. 

Medybemps,  Washington  co..  Me.    See  MEnpraixri 

Medynsif,  m4-dinsk',  or  Medyn,  mi'din',  a  townw 
Russia,  government  and  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Kaloog^  « 
the  Medynka.     Pop.  7781. 

Medzibor,  m4t'se-bor,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,* 
miles  N.E.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  1457. 

Meeden,  mA'd?n,  a  village  of  the  NetherlandJ,  u 
Groningen,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Delfzyl.     Pop.  1545. 

Meedi,  a  village  of  Moravia.    See  Medl. 


MSB 


1799 


MEH 


[ee%aa',  a  y .rt  Mtm  af  Trntrnga  aol,  Wii;,  ok  Hf 
6  ea  But  4  ITiiBiBiii  KiHiwii,  S  mOm  W.  «r  Plwcr. 

[eek'er,  »  cmb^  ia  tlw  ceatal  pMt  «f  WiMaiiia. 
ik^63•afpaIe■dM.  It  m  ImIw  wf < J  kf  the  C^w  grar, 
»:  tt  5wtk  Fatk.  Tke  mftea  is  — ialitlB^  ar  aaari j 
1(  I,  «Bi  is  fivet^btd  witk  pauriaa  »■<  ■■!■!■  ii  aMdl 
]t  c,  amc  af  vUck  Wre  »•  aadtkl.  A  iHga  put  af  tUa 
ditf  is  ceTBiaJ  wMh  l^aateaf  the  a»k.  Mfc,  cjm,  w^yle, 
A  IhaaMliafHlilaL  Whant,  aati^  aattk^  kaj,  a»4  hatter 
v  &e  tbftm  piiiffa.  It  ia  iatasecfai  Vj  the  Gresu 
S  thcfa  Kaihaaa.  Oarital,  TitASeM.  Pb^  ia  ISTt, 
»  );  is  1873.  eCX6;  ia  ISSt,  11,739;  i*  I!9a{,  ]3,43C 

leekcr,  aaaat-riBic^  capital  of  Sia  Bbwso  ees,  CoL, 

eek^i  a  ywl  igri  of  Wadhiagfaa  eai,  Wi*^  aliaat 
1«  uics  X.V.  af  JGIwaakaa. 

eekci^  Grave,  a  paafc-hKHfct  flf  lAS^vtte  eoL,  VU, 
tawMh^  i  Miles  S.  af  Bcataa  Staiis^  aai 
akkUwSkK^Jimrihibmf^pu^Iam*.  It  haa  2  chanhea, 
I,  aad  »■«  of  lead  aai  om:. 
etiu^nBe,  a  fart  attet  af  Wilaaa  col,  "SJC 

CyCUaa.    SeaMzusB. 
Kt»— ,  ar  Me^MCC,  a  paat-nBaga  ia  Meeae  tava- 
rtf"^""   ■■  -"^  -  I*!    Ill*'     "ii  VJSJLatTtmi. 
Ta^  af  Oe  tewarii^  17»4. 

■SyAitaliaaiaSheaaadaahea^Ta^aa  tibe  i^- 
Rd  ftmm  Wiachwtir  ta  SNwatwa,  6  oules  S.  af  Sev 
XkeL 

gft,  JBmah,  Mee'aih',  ar  Mia^oa',  a  anil 
*^t  ■  af  Ite^a,  CUb  lata  the  Itedaa  Galf  near  a  twa  af 


I,  mn^wim'f  a  Tilfa^  af  Fanaa, 
M  aolea  W.  af  Eenaaia,  itatad  ta  eawHt  af 
atik4M9«ttaa  eieatatoi  ia  a  aontaia,  aad  iahaUtad 

.  eeaea,  a  taana  af  IMpaoa.    SeeMExnL 

I  eei^Eaaa,  mttm-^'wi,  a  thritiag  tvwa  af  tihc  Paa- 
>J  k  BitlBiADTetbejaaefiamaf  tike  CheMH(ba»l  the  Jhj- 
iB^afv  wka  W.  af  Jaag. 

ia.    SeaBcaxAK. 

^er,  ania,  a  «arl  ia  DaAeh  aad  ffiiwia,  aigai^iag 
'a'ar'tafce,'  aai  fiawag  parte  af  aeveni  aiiam  ia 
&i  '.W.  part  of  EaMpa^  aa  WiiaiJMKaa  Mkbb. 

3  senue,  si'iCafh,  a  tawa  af  Saxsaj,  21  ailca  W. 
af  I  wail  I,  It  ha>  iaipartaat  ■waafcrtaraa  af  waaOoi 
ma ,  tawhi iTaiw,  aad alk  aaJ  aattaa  gaefa.    :npL21,277. 

]  Msai9»re,  ■ea-ila-pii',  a  taara  af  JmBa,  Soith- 
Wc  fiwriaBBr,  firiaaa  af  Maevrt.    Pn.  CML 


3  ^crat,  MM-fltr,  Mecita,  or  Miita,  seeKtl,  a 
hm  af  lafia.  ia  Jaatpaat;  3C  nka  V.  ty  X.  af  AJMW. 
LadSS^STX;  lM.73*4rS.     PifL39r»3t. 

1  icrikeke,  Biixnii''fc^  a  TiB^e  af  Bc^iiaiB,  ia  Ea* 
rialtn»23aAsSjS^af  GakMt.    Fap.  !aS2X 

]  sereaAre,  Mi^itelV  ar  aiA'i^a-difh.  a  TfHaga  af 
Bd  a^  ia  Kait  Thmima,  •  adka  WJf .W.  af  CWiif 
P<]£1M. 

J  «tsnfc,  aeei*Slr',  a  tawa  af  laCa,  JaaafaJaa  aafl 
n  1  tea  K5K  af  BhavlpMv. 

]  !«h»at,  aux'hSwt',  a  Tillace  af  Bd|sBBL  15  sOea 
SJSfTv^Mt.    ApuSSM. 

1  Crte,  aaialfh,  a  Ti&^e  af  IMpm,  prariaee  aad 
23  1  ka  S^  af  Aadraip,  oa  the  Xaick.    Pml  14M. 

l»feheke,aTilIa^af  Beig^BB.  See  MnaioxKXK. 

1  eipam,  ar  Mihipar,  ■Mer^poor',  a  twa  of  Bea- 
Cal.  airiet  aflTaUea.  Lat.  23<>  4r  33''ir.;  laa.SS*4r 
U".    Itha»«fepeaaMj«ad>r«»iwU.    Ftfc  &3C2. 

1  eiyar,  a  TiBageafirilBBi  hilt  ■a,|ainii  lief  Patch 
Cm  Ma,aa  the  great  rale  6a»SiaiBtaChai*Ba.  I«L 
2iT  y. ;  ka.  «7»  Sr  K. 

1  erpo«r,  a  tan  af  the  PiB^|ah,  113  adka  SJIT.  af 

1  erpaT,  a  tawa  af  Sai^v  ■«»'  C^  K>Sb<%  * 
kii  k  af  Ow  ladas,  43  ailca  &.  af  Hjdenhai.     I^ 

a  eipaor,  m  Tillage  «f  Saicu  Iff  silca  S.  af  Oaia. 

lot  «•  4r  X. :  km.  er*  »-  E. 

1  etf  ar,  a  nBage  af  SaAit,  sear  Oe  ti^  haak  af 
aeiggur.    Lat.2«»3rX.;  laa.Cro^'BL 

1  erp»«r,  a  Tilfa«e  af  Siadc^  32  adlei  W.  af  Aaer- 
Ik*    Iat.2i<=24'3r.;  laa.C9*E. 

1  er»>Ms,  *  *•*■  "f  l^aawi.    Sea  KbBBcae. 

I  CiBMia,  maias'a;!!,  a  tova  af  the  KethrHiaih,  ia 
ua  irg,  4  aalaa  X  JL  of  MaeatnehL    Pip.2Mt. 

leita,ata«aaf  laiia.    SeeMnxAT. 

1  cnt,  Mae'itt,  a  tvn  af  Britiah  lafia,  ouilal  af  a 
B*  t  af  ite  tmm  aaae,  33  ailea  Vr  nil  ISX.  af  I>clhi,aa 
■><aii«af  thaGaagvau    It  ii  larliwii  lyatockaall. 


hwtisiadaeaj,  aM^^ahaaiaaaj  iiwilai  awmiag  far. 
aer  angaifiecMce^haBdaa  aawaf  tfaelaigaABiitidi  chaichaa 
ia  lafia,  a  Biitidi  firee  arhaul,  cxtcaara  faanaeiu,  aad  a 
aufitai7  hawitil,     Pop.  ia  18SI,  »,3C3;  ia  IStl.  I18.7M. 

Meeraty'ar  Jfiimt,  aearrtt,  a  Catriet  af  the  Kocfh- 
Wcct  Pkwriaee^  ladia,  lat.  2S»  3r-2r>  17' 9.,  laa.  77*  IT- 
78»  13'  EUhari^  the  Gaagea  wmOtmti  aad  the  Jaaua  as 
the  W.  Capita^  XeeraL  Aica,  23M  aaaare  nlcs.  Ptip. 
I,27f,lff4.  It  M  a  partaf  the  grjaea  ar  i  waaiiiiiiiiMi  iihip 
af  Meerat,  vUch  has  aa  area  af  1 1,131  aaaaia  Miki^  aad  a 
pap.  af  4,fn4T3;  aad  af  ^ddi  Meant  is  the  o^pitaL 

Jiees,  La^  a  toaa  af  Fiaaea.    See  Lb  Mxcs. 

Meesca,  the  neaaah  aaae  af  Maonn. 

Meet  Caaap,  famaAip,  Wataa^^  eoi,  'SXL    Pap.  37V. 

Meet'im^  Creek,  a  poat-oBee  af  Harfia  aa,  Ky. 

Meet'iag  Street, a  pnat-haaiht  af  gigditid  ea^SjC, 
Iff  auks  S.W.  ef  Jatmtmm'M  Dcpat.  It  has  2  chaRhea 
aad  a  grist^aiB. 

Me8»»  *  riw  af  Ifaairli     See  Oooca. 

Megalo-Kastro,  aa  ^Mmd  af  CMta.    See  Caxxu. 

Megmlop'otis,  a  raiaeil  cilj  «f  GtesB^  ia  the  Man% 
gwreraaaeataf  <«artjaia,  3  Kika  IT.  af  Leaadari. 

Mesaain,  mi  jk  ara'are,  aae  af  Oe  leaiaa  TJaair, 
ia  Oe  Mefficmaaaa,  af  the  S.  oaast  af  Saata  Mana. 
L^eth,  fi«ai  5.  to  S,  C  imka;  hraadth,  3  auks. 

M^Balie, a  lake  af  <la(hee,  abaat  4*  ■ilaS.SLaf 
BhiiWaukt^  iheaadiig  ara^  kke-tr— t  aad  haag.  Length, 
ISadka;  a««neahRallh,2wkK.    HA  lake  g^rea  nae  ta 


Mesulic,  a  eenrty  ia  tike  B.  af  dadbee,  hoaaded  aa 
Oe  5.B.  bf  Maiae.  Ana,  743  a^aara  adka.  Ia  f^ 
eaaatyaicLakcaSLFiaaeisaadiniBaaL  Capita^Leads 
TUkge.    PopulS^STS. 

M^'aza  (6r.  KcyivK),  a  tava,  fiaaeriy  aa  ■— 1»»«— ^ 
diy  af  Gtceec^  ia  Attica,  acar  Oe  awathaf  a  aaaJI  nvcr 
vUehcataistheGdf  af  jSgiaa  myito  s«faiMi«  n  i  ilTm 
W.ofAtheaL    1^4*23. 

M^aspeleaa,  a  rich  caarcat  af  G^eeee,  Mara^  te 
Achaia,3aukB2r.  af  KalBTrita.  St  is  aae  of  Oe  eaifieat 
■Maaade  fcaalafiaas  ia  Greeecv  aad  eeeapieg  a  vast  carcm 
m  aa  ataaat  iaaiMiaihk  nek  ahere  3ffff  fiaet  ia  hc^g^ 
The  TBik%  aader  Tin  ihiw  Paaha,  hetfeged  this  eoanat, 

hat  aaw  wpakud  aaA  a  kaa  ef  aeranl  Ihna rl  Mea.    It 

has  Craaa  23ff  to  Sffff  Maafc^  aad  a  autaealaas  petaia  af  dw 
ITnBa,  naarted  to  ia  pi^rivage. 

Megea,  ad'ch^a,  a  tava  af  the  SieOorlaadi^  ia  "Smtk 
Baka^  aa  the  Meaae  (Maas),  13  Kks  9.S.  of  BoiiJa- 
Jfme.    I^ipLlTSl. 

Mes^e,  M^-AaJT*,  a  jaaikat-toara  of  Saroj,  5  auki 
S.  «f  SalkaeheaL    PapL  2373. 

Mesieo,  a  SpaaiA  aiaii  af  Mrxaa, 

Meg'aa,arireraf  ^bitiah  India,  pri  iiidiar j  af  Vaigd, 
rises  4ff  nks  IS.W.  af  Dacca,  aad  ia  mhmat  kt.  23"  ST  JI. 
jriai  the  **'-^—f"-*'\  to  wUdi  it  pres  its  oam  aiaa  fta 
Ac  rart  af  its  caaiaL    See  BaAnAroBrBA. 

M^ta,  a  t0wa  af  Behwaia.    See  Maxts. 

Mcgn%hn,  Qathae.    SeeSMrmxa. 

Mesrer,  mt^jaim'f  a  riUage  af  Ha^ary,  Hither 
Baaahe,  ca.  of  If  eagiad.    KhasachaRh.    F^  13M. 

M^SfV^'ST*  nU'TaiK'-aS^  a  ■■ariut-tvn  af 
Ha^^arr,  ea.  aad  19  nka  S.W.  ef  Kaaara.    Pap.  Xtfl. 

M^rer-Poes,  s8d*3raia'-paldh,  a  village  af  Haagaij^ 
ea.af  Paath,  «■  aa  iiiaad  ia  Oe  Samhe,  aborre  Bada. 

M^fer-T«»tfc,  iB&rjaiK'-4nt,  a  Triage  <d  Haagny, 
aa.  af  STeatia.    Pop.  1SS4. 

Mesfes- Aiaajas,  wbiTjiA'Si^i  fti'j  aah%  a  aaikxfc. 
tawa  of  Baagaiy,  ea.  af  Saatkaaar. 

Megfra-llfir,  M<fyiah'-ayeea^aTilhBeefHa^s*'y» 
ea.  aad  II  aiks  K  af  Snlhaiar.     PlapL  2ffC2. 

Mehadia,  ad,*hi'dee*«h%ato>n  ef  Haagarr,13  adka 
H.ofOtaoca.  FnLl77ff.  The  Baths  of  Mehadia,  er  Hcr- 
laliiiii  Ttilhii,  iiiai  thill  Iwaii,  aiinlamra  tothnBiiaiai,  sail 
are  aaaaallf  fieqacatad  hy  aaay  riatats. 

MeharfeTi  a  peat-aSee  af  Caearfidd  ea.,  Bk 

Mehallet-el-Kehen,  »i-hintt^  he  hear*,  or 
Mehala-el-Kehir,  Bi-hi'&-8-ke.hcct',  a  taaa  oT 
Lower  EgrpL  ia  Ghaiheejfh,  43  ■Ocs  S.W.  ef  **~fr1ta 


apaat-ofieeef  Mariaa  ccl,  Or^goa. 
Mehdia,  ■rfh'dB-i,>HKkiah,arAfiildyah,  i-6c^. 


kee*jl,  aDed  aka  Wahaiiah,  aMA'dee^ 

AfMa,  Rgeaej- aad  113  aiki  &SJE.  of  Taais,  aa  Uie  Madi- 

terraiieaa.    It  has  caaridetahk  trade  faj  sea. 

Mehediak,  mBi  h;  dre'i,  or  MaaHarah,  nlm^aa- 
tI.  a  fcitified  taaa  af  Ifaraeei^  pi ai lata  aad  llff  alkl 
W J«.W.  af  Fci,  aa  the  Seboih  1  a&  fiaaa  its  BnaO. 

Mtihea^«awal%  a  taaa  af  lafa,  HacO-Vort  Txv9- 
FtifLTSiS. 


MEII 


1800 


MEL 


Meher'rin,  a  po»t-vi1Iago  of  Prince  Edward  oo.,  Va., 
03  the  Iliehmund  A,  Dunville  Railroad,  65  miles  W.  of  Rioh- 
niond.     It  has  2  ohurcbos,  5  stores,  and  10  residences. 

Mehcrrin  River  rises  near  the  E.  border  of  Charlotte 
CO.,  Va.  It  runs  eouthenstward  through  the  counties  of 
Brunswick  and  Qreonville,  and  enters  Hertford  co.,  N.C. 
About  5  miles  N.  of  AVinton  it  unites  with  the  Nottoway 
Kivcr  to  form  the  Chowan.     Length,  160  miles. 

Mchiilpoor,  a  town  of  India.    See  Maheidpoor. 

Mchkcr,  a  town  of  India.    See  M\ikur. 

MehliSy  or  Mclis«  m&'Iis,  a  village  of  Saxo-Coburg, 
princinality  and  20  miles  S.  of  Gotha.     Pop.  2661. 

Menlsack,  mail's&k,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  37  miles 
S.S.W,  of  Konigsbcrg.     Pop.  3694. 

iMchlville,  mel'vll,  a  post-office  of  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo. 

Alchoup'any,  a  post-village  of  Wyoming  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Mehoo])any  townsliip,  on  the  North  Branch  of  the  Susque- 
hanna River,  and  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  44  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Wilkeabarre.  It  has  3  churches,  2  flour-mills, 
a  saw-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  nnd  a  foundry.  P(>p.  of  the 
township  in  1S90,  831.  Mehoopany  Railroad  Station  is  at 
Carney,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river. 

Mehoopany  (or  Mahoopeny)  Creek,  Pennsyl- 
vania, runs  northeastward  in  Wyoming  co.,  and  enters  the 
North  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna. 

Mehoopany  Mountain,  Pennsylvania,  in  the  W. 
part  of  Wyoming  co.,  near  Mehoopany  Creek,  an  affluent 
of  the  Susquehanna.  It  consists  properly  of  two  portions, 
— Big  Mehoopany,  near  the  S.W.,  and  Little  Mehoopany, 
in  the  N.W.  part  of  the  county.  Both  of  these  mountains 
are  spurs  of  the  Alleghany  range. 

Mehrand, m§H-rind', or Merande,  m8r-ind',  written 
also  Merend  and  Mchrend,  a  town  of  Persia,  province 
of  Azerbaijan,  48  miles  E.S.E.  of  Khoi. 

Mc*hum%  or  MoMiim',  a  town  of  India,  Rohtuk  dis- 
trict. Lat.  28°  58'  N.j  Ion.  76°  21'  E.  It  is  noted  for  its 
great  and  deep  well,  with  stairs  by  which  the  water  is 
reached.     Pop.  5660. 

Mehun,  mi'uN"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Cher,  9  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Bourges.  Pop.  5256.  It  has  manufactures  of 
porcelnin,  linen,  Ac. 

Meia-Co-Shimah  Isles.    See  Madjicosima. 

Meiaponte,  m^-e-il-pon't^,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state 
and  65  miles  E.  of  Goyaz,  on  the  river  Almas.  It  has  5 
churches,  a  hospital,  a  Latin  and  a  primary  school,  and  many 
distilleries  and  potteries,  and  is  well  situated  for  trade. 

Meiderich,  mi'd§r-iK,  a  village  and  commune  of  Rhen- 
ish Prussia,  on  a  railway,  a  short  distance  N.  of  Duisburg. 
Pop.  11,879. 

Meidling,  mid'ling,  Obeu,  o'b§r,  and  Untek,  Son't^r, 
two  contiguous  villages  of  Austria,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Vienna. 
Pop.  of  Ober-Meidling,  1533;  of  Unter-Meidling,  13,801. 

Meier's  (mi'^rz)  <&rove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stearns  co., 
Minn.,  5  miles  S.  of  Melrose.     It  has  a  church. 

Meigle,  mee'g'l,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  21  miles 
by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Perth.     Pop.  745. 

Mei^s,  megz,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Ohio,  borders 
onKentucky.  Area,  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  Ohio  River,  which  also  forms  part  of  the 
southern  boundary,  and  it  is  partly  drained  by  Leading  and 
Shade  Creeks.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  is  extensively  cov- 
ered with  forests  of  the  ash,  hickory,  oak,  sugar-maple,  &o. 
The  soil  produces  wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  hay.  Bitu- 
minous coal  and  salt  are  the  chief  articles  of  export.  This 
county  has  also  plenty  of  limestone.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Columbus,  Hocking  Valley  &  Toledo  Railroad  and  the 
Kanawha  &  Michigan  Railroad,  the  first  of  which  connects 
with  Pomeroy,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  31,465;  in  1880, 
32,325;  in  1890,  29,813. 

Meigs,  a  county  of  East  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of 
about  200  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the 
Tennessee  River,  which  the  Hiawassee  River  enters  at  the 
S.W.  extremity  of  this  county.  The  surface  is  hilly.  '  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  potatoes,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  Marble  is  found  here.  Capital,  De- 
catur.    Pop.  in  1870,  4511;  in  1880,  7117;  in  1890,  6930, 

Meigs,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  0.  Pop.  1748.  It 
contains  the  village  of  Mineral  Springs. 

Meigs,  a  township  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.     Pop.  1412. 

Meigs  Creek,  Ohio,  runs  nearly  southward,  and  enters 
the  Muskingum  River  in  Morgan  co. 

Meigs  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  0.,  about 
30  miles  N.W.  of  Marietta. 

Meigsville,  megz'vll,  a  post-township  of  Morgan  co., 
0.     Pop.  1295.     It  contains  Unionville. 

Meigsville  (Young  Hickory  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of 
Uaskingum  co.,  0.,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Cumberland. 


Meilcn,  or  Meylen,  ml'l?n,  a  village  of  iSwitMrltniL 
on  the  Lake  of  Zurich,  canton  and  S  miles  S.E.  of  Zarioh!^ 
Pop.  3074. 

Meilhan,  miM6s«',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Lot-et-Garonne,  7  miles  W.  of  Marmande.     Pop.  2028. 

Meillac,m4^y&k',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ille-ct-ViltiiniL 
19  miles  S.  of  Saint-Malo.     Pop.  215;  of  commune,  2360. 

Meillant,  m4*y6N«',  a  village  of  Franco,  in  Cher  "ij 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Bourges.     Pop.  1769.  '  " 

Meimuna,mi-moo'n&i,  atownof  Afghanistan,  Huuroh 
country,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Amoo-Darya,  in  lut.  35"  jj" 
N.,  Ion.  64°  38'  E. 

Mei-Nnm,  a  river  of  Asia.    See  Menaw. 

Meinau,  or  Mainau,  mi'nSw,  a  small  island  of  Soutb 
Baden,  in  the  Lake  of  Ueberlingen,  2i  miles  W.  of  Con. 
stance,  with  a  village,  a  castle,  and  numerous  vineyardt. 

Meinbcrg,  min'bdua,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Liiitu, 
bailiwick  of  Horn.     Pop.  1037, 

Meinder,  a  river  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Mexder, 

Meiningen,  mi'ning-^n,  or  Mcinungcn,  mt'nSSng. 
^n,  a  town  of  Oerniany,  capital  of  the  duchy  of  St.xe- 
Meiningen,  on  the  Werra,  38  miles  E.N.E.  of  Fulda,  on  i 
railway.  Principal  edifice,  the  palace,  the  residence  of  thi 
dukes  since  1681,  containing  collections  of  paintings  tnc 
natural  curiosities.  Meiningen  has  a  house  of  assombl}',  ( 
great  hospital,  a  theatre,  2  gymnasia,  a  normal  school,  an( 
manufactures  of  woollens  and  linens.     Pop.  9521. 

Mei-Omecd,  or  Mei-Omid,  m^'-o-meed',  arillagi 
of  Persia,  province  of  Khorassan,  35  miles  E.  of  Shahrood 

Meire,  mi'r^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanden 
13  miles  S.E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  2550. 

Meirelbeke,  mi'r^I-bd'k^h,  or  Meer!ebeke,iiuiiR': 
l§h-bi^k§h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanders,  2mil«i 
S.  of  Ghent,  on  the  Scheldt.     Pop.  31 00. 

Meire's  Grove,  Minnesota.    See  Meier's  GnovB. 

Meiringen,  or  Mcyringcn,  mi'ring-§n,  a  town  ol 
Switzerland,  canton  and  39  miles  S.E.  of  Bern,  on  theAu 
Many  of  the  inhabitants  are  weavers.     Pop.  2787. 

Meisenheim,  mi'z?n-hime^,  a  town  of  Prussia,  ii 
Hesse-Nassau,  45  miles  S.  of  Coblentz.     Pop.  1819. 

Meisenheimer,  Illinois.    See  Messeniieimer. 

Meiser,  ml's^r,  a  post-village  of  Snyder  co.,  Pa.,ii 
Middle  Creek  township,  on  Middle  Creek,  and  on  the  Ixjwii 
town  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  14  miles  W.S.W 
of  Sunbury.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  2  steac 
saw-mills,  a  tannery,  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Meissen,  mls's^n,  a  town  of  Saxony,  15  miles  by  rai 
N.W.  of  Dresden,  on  the  Elbe.  It  is  enclosed  by  walli 
has  numerous  suburbs,  and  presents  a  picturesque  appear 
ance,  with  its  castle,  Gothic  church,  and  lofty  houses,  on 
rocky  eminence.  Its  fine  cathedral  has  some  monument 
of  Saxon  princes ;  and  in  its  castle,  founded  by  Henry  tb 
Fowler,  is  the  famous  porcelain-factory  producing  good 
known  as  "  Dresden  china."  It  has  manufactures  of  ho 
siery,  leather,  colors,  and  camel's-hair  brushes.   Pop.  11,455 

Mejerda, or  Medjerda,  m6d-j5r'di  (anc.  Baij'radat] 
a  river  of  Algeria  and  Tunis,  rises  in  the  Great  Atlas,  and 
after  a  N.E.  course  of  200  miles,  enters  the  Gulf  of  Tunii 
on  the  Mediterranean,  24  miles  N.  of  Tunis. 

Mejico,  a  city  of  North  America.    See  Mexico. 

Mckinez,  a  town  of  Morocco.     See  Mequixez. 

Mekka,  or  Mckkeh.    See  Mecca. 

Meklenburg-Schwerin.  See Mecklesburg-Schwi 

RIN. 

Meklenburg-Strelitz.     See   Mecklenborg-Stu 

LITZ. 

Meklong,  mi-klong',  a  town  of  Siam,  at  the  confluene 
of  the  Meklong  River  with  the  W.  mouth  of  the  Menam! 
30  miles  S.W.  of  Bangkok.     Pop.  estimated  at  13,000.      j 

Me-Kong,  mA'kong',  or  Menam-Kong,  mi'nlm' 
kong',  called  also  Maykiang,  mi'ke-ing',  and  CamboM 
dia  River,  one  of  the  principal  rivers  of  theS.E.  of  Aeis 
rises  in  Thibet  (where  it  has  the  name  of  lian-Thsang 
Kiang,  14n-t'hsing-ke-ing),  afterwards  intersects  the  Chi 
nese  province  of  Yun-Nan,  traverses  Laos  and  Cambodia; 
and  enters  the  China  Sea  by  numerous  mouths,  in  Frenc. 
Cochin  China,  near  lat.  10°  N.,  Ion.  106°  40'  E. 

Mekran,  mSkVAn',  or  Mukran,  miik-ran',  the  large* 
province  of  Beloochistan,  between  lat.  25°  and  28°  N.  «n 
Ion.  58°  and  66°  E.,  having  S.  the  Indian  Ocean,  and  N.  • 
desert  separating  it  from  Afghanistan.  Area,  about  100,00 
square  miles.  Pop.  200,000.  It  is  a  biirb.arous  region,  an 
suffers  severely  from  drought.  It  is  divided  into  petty  du 
tricts,  under  separate  chiefs.     Capital,  Kedje. 

Mekun,  an  island  of  Arabia.    See  Perim. 

Mel,  m4l,  or  Melo,  mi'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  9  mill 
S.W,  of  BoUuno,  on  the  Piave.    Pop.  6839. 


MEL 


1801 


MEL 


f  elacoore,  M  elakouri,  or  Melakuri,  m4-li-koo'- 

also  called  MaPlacoo'ry,  a  town  of  West  Africa, 

ital  of  an  independent  territory,  on  a  river  of  the  same 

0  le,  about  63  miles  N.N.W.  of  Free  Town,  Sierra  Leone. 

1  tands  at  the  highest  point  to  which  the  river  is  naviga- 
bl    Pop.  of  town,  about  1000  :  of  territory,  about  50,000. 

lelac'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind.,  7  miles 
If  Farmland.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

ielada,  mi-ll'di,  an  island  of  Austria,  coast  of  Dal- 
i,  in  the  Adriatic,  15  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Zara.     P.  1200. 
elae,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Molise. 
Bl'ane'sia  (from  the  Greek  for  "black  islands"),  a 
1  applied  by  some  geographers  to  Australasia,  and  cs- 
lly  to  the  islands  of  its  N.E.  portion,  because  the 
ginal  tribes  are  mostly  of  the  black  or  negrillo  race. 
elaoni,  or  Melawi,  Egypt.    See  Mellawee. 
[elara,  Italy.    See  Mellara. 
'elas,  a  river  of  Greece.    See  Cephissia. 
elassa,  mi-lis'sd,  or  Melasso,  mA-lis'so  (anc.  3fy- 
la  i),  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  near  its  S.W.  coast,  23  miles 
N  .  of  Boodroom. 

elay,  m?h-li',  a  village  of  France,  in  Sa8ne-et-Loire, 
*r  ndissement  of  Charolles.     Pop.  1998. 

elazgherd,  m4-liz-gh5rd',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
SOiiles  S.E.  of  Erzroom,  on  the  Euphrates. 

elazzo,  mi-lit'so,  a  village  of  Italy,  about  3  miles 
8,  •  Acqui.     Pop.  1588. 

elazzo,  a  town  of  Sicily.     See  Milazzo. 
el'berii,  a  post-hamlet  in  Centre  township,  Williams 
cob.,  on  the  Air-Line  or  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  South- 
eriRailroad,  5  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bryan.     It  has  a  church 
Ana  lumber-mill. 

lelbonrne,  mSl'burn,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  8 
mia  S.S.E.  of  Derby,  with  a  church,  several  chapels,  2 
Bcipls,  and  a  mechanics'  institution.  The  staple  manu- 
faclre  is  that  of  lace  gloves,  in  which  the  inhabitants  are 
chilly  employed.     Pop.  2502. 

ibibourne,  mirburn,  the  capital  town  of  the  British 
colfy  of  Victoria,  S.E.  Australia,  on  the  Yarra-Yarra,  8 
mii  from  its  mouth,  at  the  head  of  Port  Phillip.  Lat.  37° 
43'B"  S. ;  Ion.  144°  57'  42"  E.  Altitude,  913  feet.  It  w.as 
ofiijilly  founded  and  named  in  1837.  The  river  has  a  bar 
at  il  mouth,  and  a  second  about  half-way  to  the  town,  and 
on  lis  account  the  largest  shipping  anchor  at  Hobson's  Bay, 
neajthe  mouth  of  the  harbor,  to  which  there  is  now  a  rail- 
wajjlirect  from  Melbourne,  with  two  piers  projecting  into 
dee  water.  The  commerce  of  Melbourne  has  increased  to 
a  gilt  extent  since  the  gold  discoveries  in  1851,  and  now 
reppents  about  nine-tenths  of  the  entire  trade  of  the  col- 
on^ The  town  is  chiefly  laid  out  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Yar ,  which  is  crossed  by  a  stone  bridge.  It  has  been  a 
muipipality  since  1843,  the  mayor  and  aldermen  being 
elecfl  by  the  council.  South  Melbourne  and  several  other 
war|  have  branched  off  into  separate  municipalities.  The 
tow  jis  lighted  with  gas,  and  is  supplied  with  water  from 


the 
the 


lad  of  the  Plenty  River,  a  distance  of  18  miles ;  and 
ake  Yan-Yean  has  been  converted  into  a  reservoir 


by  i^ns  of  an  embankment  3159  feet  long  and  30  feet 
higV,  It  is  capable  of  holding  6,422,000,000  gallons. 
The  is  a  smaller  reservoir  at  Preston,  about  7  miles  from 
Mel  urne.  Hydrants  occur  at  intervals  in  the  principal 
8tre<j.  Melbourne  has  a  public  library,  a  mechanics'  insti- 
tutell  hospital,  benevolent  and  orphan  asylums,  an  en- 
dosl  university,  a  parliament  house,  built  at  a  cost  of 
£40flOO,  a  custom-house,  a  treasury,  a  post-oflSce,  a  cathe- 
dra] overal  banks,  and  barracks.  There  is  a  museum  in 
conttion  with  the  university.  There  are  several  daily 
and  jekly  papers,  several  theatres,  among  which  may  be 
men^ned  the  theatre  royal,  erected  at  a  cost  of  £90,000, 
Crenrne  Gardens,  the  royal  park,  and  a  botanic  garden. 
Theiis  now  a  great  extent  of  wharf  accommodation,  and 
*t  V  liamstown  a  patent  slip.  It  has  steam,  rail,  and 
teleg  ph  communication  with  the  chief  towns  of  Victoria 
and  |e  adjoining  colonies.  A  submarine  cable  was  laid 
betwn  Australia  and  Tasmania  in  1859.  Shortest  sea- 
voyai  to  Liverpool  {via  Cape  Horn),  12,820  miles;  dis- 
tance Calcutta,  5230  miles.  Melbourne  is  the  first  and 
last  ;rt  of  call  for  the  mail-ships  to  Galle.  It  is  the  see 
of  aringlican  bishop  and  of  a  Roman  Catholic  archbishop. 
Meai  temperature,  January,  73.4°;  July,  55.4°  Fahr. 
Pop.r  city  proper  in  1881,  65,860,  or  including  suburbs, 
282,!?;  in  1891,  491,378. 

M|'bonrne,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Izard  co..  Ark., 
abou[ll0  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Little  Rock.  It  has  2  churches 
and  jiewspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1880,  149 ;  in  1890,  209. 

Mfbonrne,  Ontario.    See  Longwood. 

MI'boarne,  a  post- village  in  Richmond  co.,  Quebec, 
114 


25  miles  N.N.W,  of  Sherbrooke,  and  1  mile  from  Richmond 
Station.  A  bridge  spans  the  St.  Francis  at  this  point, 
connecting  Melbourne  and  Richmond  East.  The  vilLigt 
contains  4  churches,  a  chair-factory,  a  bark-factory,  a  saw- 
mill, tannery,  &c.  Pop.  270.  There  are  copper-mines  asd 
slate-quarries  in  the  vicinity. 

Melbourne  Island,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  forms,  with 
Bedford  and  Minto  Islands,  a  group  of  the  Dangerous  Ar- 
chipelago. 

Melbourne  Ridge,  a  post-village  in  Richmond  co., 
Quebec,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Melbourne.  It  contains  a  saw- 
mill and  3  stores.     Pop.  125. 

Melchthal,  mSlK't^l,  a  valley  of  Switzerland,  canton 
of  Unterwalden,  S.E.  of  Sarnen,  traversed  by  the  Melch 
River,  and  noted  as  the  birthplace  of  Arnold  of  Griitli  and 
Nicholas  von  der  Flue,  two  of  the  founders  of  the  Swisa 
Confederation.  i 

Melcombe-Regis,  mSl'kiim  re'jis,  a  well-built  town 
of  England,  in  Dorset,  adjacent  to  the  town  of  Weymouth, 
from  which  it  is  divided  by  the  Wey,  here  crossed  by  a 
bridge.  It  is  an  important  railway  terminus,  and  a  favor- 
ite bathing-place,  having  on  the  E,  Weymouth  Bay,  and 
on  the  W.  a  pool  called  the  Backwater.  Pop.  8252.  It  is 
now  united  in  one  municipality  with  Weymouth. 

Meldal,  mfil'dil,  a  village  of  Norway,  35  miles  S.W.  of 
Trondhjcm.     Pop.  of  parish,  5500. 

Melden,  mil'd^n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flan- 
ders, on  the  Scheldt,  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ghent.    Pop.  1495. 

Meldi,  a  town  of  France.    See  Meaux. 

Meldola,  mftl'do-li,  a  village  of  Central  Italy,  7  miles 
S.  of  Forli.     Pop.  5969. 

Mcldorf,  mel'donf,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Holstein,  near 
the  North  Sea,  53  miles  N.W.  of  Hamburg.     Pop.  3307. 

Meldrum,  Old,  Scotland.    See  Old  Meldruu. 

Meleda,  mSl'^-di  (anc.  Mel'ita),  an  island  of  Austria, 
Dalmatia,  19  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ragusa.  Greatest  length, 
23  miles;  mean  breadth,  not  more  than  2  miles.  The  in- 
terior is  traversed  by  lofty  hills,  generally  of  a  parched 
and  arid  appearance,  and  intersected  by  numerous  fertile 
valleys.  The  harbor  of  Palazzo,  on  the  N.  side,  is  consid- 
ered the  best  on  the  Dalmatian  coast. 

Melegnano,  mi-Idn-yd'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  10  miles 
S.E.  of  Milan.  It  has  a  court  of  justice,  several  public 
offices,  3  churches,  and  a  trade  in  corn,  rice,  flax,  and  dairy- 
produce.     Pop.  5124. 

Melekhovskaia,  or  MelekhoAVsktya,  mi-li-Kov- 
ski'i,  a  town  of  Russia,  Don  Cossack  country,  23  miles  N.E. 
of  Cherkask,  on  the  Don.     Pop.  3638. 

Mclcncze,  mdM5nt's4\  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Torontal,  28  miles  N.E.  of  Peterwardein.     Pop.  C5S0. 

Melenik,  mi-lfin-eek'  or  mfir?-nik',  a  town  of  Eu- 
ropean Turkey,  60  miles  S.E.  of  Ghiustendil. 

Melenki,  mi-ldn'kee,  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  70  miles  S.S.E.  of  Vladimeer.     Pop.  5597. 

Mclfi,  mfil'fee,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basilicata,  on  a  lofty 
volcanic  mountain  overlooking  the  Plain  of  Capitanata,  34 
miles  S.  of  Foggia.  It  is  enclosed  by  ruined  walls,  and  has 
an  old  castle,  a  cathedral,  and  several  convents.  It  is  a 
bishop's  see.     Pop.  11,648. 

Mei'ford,  or  Long  Melford,  a  village  of  England, 
CO.  of  Sufi"olk,  on  the  Stour,  at  a  railway  junction,  3  miles 
N.  of  Sudbury.  It  is  beautifully  situated,  .and  has  a  very 
fine  church,  a  hospital,  and  manufactures  of  silk.  Pop.  of 
parish,  3046. 

Meiga^o,  mfil-gl'so,  the  northernmost  town  of  Portu- 
gal, in  Minho,  38  miles  N.E.  of  Braga,  on  the  Minho,  with 
a  large  fortress.     Pop.  1867. 

Melga^o,  mfil-gi'so,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  168 
miles  S.W.  of  Pard.     It  has  a  trade  in  timber.    Pop.  4000. 

Melgar  de  Fernaniental,mdl-gaR'  Ah  fdR-n^-mdn- 
til',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  24  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Burgos,  near  the  Pisuerga.     Pop.  2435. 

Melgig,  mfirghig',  a  salt  lake  or  marsh  in  the  S.E.  of 
Algeria,  near  lat.  33°  N.,  Ion.  7°  E.  It  receives  the  Adjedi 
from  the  N.W.     Length,  26  miles;  breadth,  18  miles. 

Meliana,  md-le-1'ni,  a  village  of  Spain,  province  and 
about  3  miles  from  Valencia.     Pop.  1505. 

Meliduuuni,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Muni.nAusEX. 

3Ielikut,  mi'leo^koot',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Bacs,  110  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  4080. 

Melilla,  m4-leel'y&,  or  Mlila,  mlee'li,  a  seaport  town 
on  the  N.  coast  of  Morocco,  belonging  to  the  Spaniards. 
Lat.  35°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  3°  W.  The  citadel,  on  a  rock,  con- 
tains  large  magazines  and  cisterns,  and  is  garrisoned.  Pop. 
2200.     Melilla  is  a  convict-settlement. 

Melilli,  m^l-eel'lee,  a  town  of  Sicily,  35  miles  N.W.  of 
Syracuse.     Pop.  5770. 


MBL 


1802 


MEL 


Melinda,  m&-1ecn'JA,  or  Melinde,  niJl-1een'd&,  a  sea- 
port town  of  Va\»1  Afrio^^  N.  <>f  Zanr.ibiir.  Lat.  4°  50'  S. ; 
Ion.  40°  E.  It  liiw  mnny  ruined  churches  built  by  the  Por- 
tuguese, who  possessed  it  during  the  sixteenth  nnd  seven- 
teenth centuries.  A  very  considerable  trade  is  carried  on 
by  caravan  with  the  interior,  nnd  by  water  with  the  lied 
Sea,  Persia,  and  the  N.  parts  of  India. 

Meliiig,  or  Mecling,  m&Ming',  a  chain  of  mountains 
in  the  S.  jmrt  of  China,  200  miles  N.  of  Canton. 

Melipilln,  rai-lo-ped'yi,  a  town  of  Chili,  province 
and  33  miles  S.W.  of  Santiago,  on  the  Maypu.     Pop.  .3431. 

Metis,  a  village  of  Uormtiny.     See  Meiilis. 

M^Iisey,  niA'lee'xA',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ilanto- 
SaOne,  7  uiilos  N.N.E.  of  Lure.     Pop.  1940. 

Melis'sa,  a  post-hamlet  of  Collin  oo.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Houston  &  Texas  Central  Ilailroad,  37  miles  N.  of  Dallas. 
It  has  a  flouring-mill  and  a  cotton-gin. 

Melis'sadale,  a  post-offlce  of  liutler  oo.,  Pa. 

Melitn,  an  island  in  the  Adriatic.     See  Melkpa. 

Melita,  an  island  in  the  Mediterranean.     See  Malta. 

Melitenc,  the  ancient  name  of  Malatbrykii. 

Mciito,  m4-loe'to,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  lleggio 
di  Calabria.     Pop.  of  commune,  3853. 

MelitO)  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Naples,  district 
of  Casoria.     Pop.  3503. 

Melitopol,  md-le-to'pol,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  the 
Crimea,  125  miles  N.N.E.  of  Simferopol.     Pop.  4852. 

Melk,  milk,  or  Molk,  molk,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria, 
on  tho  Danube,  14  miles  W.  of  St.  Polten.  Pop.  1664.  It 
is  situated  at  the  foot  of  a  height,  on  which  is  a  Benedictine 
abbey,  founded  in  1089,  on  the  site  of  the  Roman  Nomare, 
its  precincts  comprising  a  college  and  ecclesiastical  semi- 
nary, a  large  library,  and  a  botanic  garden. 

Melks'ham,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Wilts,  on  the 
Avon,  lOi  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Bath.  It  has  cloth-works 
and  flour-mills.  In  the  vicinity  is  a  chalybeate  and  saline 
spring.     Pop.  2464. 

Mella,  mil'li,  a  river  of  Northern  Italy,  joins  the  Oglio 
12  miles  N.E.  of  Cremona.     Length,  50  miles. 

Mellara,  mfil-li'ri,  or  Melara,  mi-li'rl,  a  village 
of  Italy,  province  and  21  miles  E.S.E.  of  Mantua,  on  the 
Po.     Pop.  2968. 

Mellawee,  or  Mellawi,  mSl'li'wee,  written  also 
Melaoui,  a  town  of  Egypt,  26  miles  S.  of  Minieb,  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  Nile. 

Mclle,  mdl'l^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Ea«t  Flanders, 
4  miles  S.E.  of  Ghent,  on  the  Scheldt.     Pop.  2317. 

Melle,  mill  (L.  Metal'lum),  a  town  of  France,  in  Deux- 
SSvres,  capital  of  an  arrondissement,  17  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Niort.  Pop.  2221.  It  has  beautiful  suburbs,  and  the  dis- 
trict is  celebrated  for  imulcs,  reputed  among  the  best  in 
Europe.  In  the  neighborhood  is  tho  sulphurous  spring  of 
fontadan. 

Melle,  mSl'li,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  province 
of  Coni,  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Saluzzo.     Pop.  2435. 

Melle,  mfil'l^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  13  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Osnaburg,  on  tho  Else.     Pop.  1805. 

Mcl'lenville,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Claverack  township,  on  tho  Hudson  &  Chatham  Railroad, 
9  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Hudson.  It  has  a  church,  a  paper-mill, 
and  a  manufactory  of  knit  goods.     Pop.  in  1890,  664. 

Mclleray,  mol'le-ri,  a  post-office  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa, 
12  miles  S.  \Y.  of  Dubuque.  Here  is  a  Trappist  abbey,  called 
New  Mellcray. 

Mellika,  mdl-lee'kH,  a  walled  town  in  the  Algerian  S.a- 
hara,  on  the  Wady-Mzab,  3  miles  S.  of  Gardaia.  It  is  a 
holy  town,  and  has  3  mosques.     Pop.  about  1300.  ' 

Mel  ling,  mil'ling,  a  village  of  Austria,  Styria,  1  mile 
from  Marburg,  with  a  church  and  a  castle.     Pop.  1063. 

Mellingen,  mdriing-§n,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton of  Aargau,  1  mile  S.  of  Baden,  on  the  Reuss.    Pop.  854. 

Mel'lonville,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co.,  Fla.,  on 
the  S.  shore  of  Lake  Monroe,  205  miles  S.  of  Jacksonville. 
Here  are  several  orange-groves. 

Mclloon,  mil-loon',  a  town  of  Burmah,  on  the  Irra- 
waddy,  opposite  Patanago. 

MeI'low  VaI'ley,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co.,  Ala., 
about  75  miles  N.N.E.  of  Montgomery.  There  are  4 
oburchcs  within  J  of  a  mile  of  this  village. 

Mcllrichstadt,  miU'riK-stitt^  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on 
the  Saalo,  48  miles  N.N.E.  of  AVurzburg.     Pop.  1904. 

Mcll'wood,  a  post-office  of  Prince  George's  co.,  Md. 

Mclmore,  mel-mor',  a  post-village  in  Eden  township, 
Seneca  co.,  0.,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Sandusky  River,  8 
miles  S.S.li.  of  Tiffin.  It  has  4  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 
,  Mciiiik,  mdl'nik,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  the  right  bank 
pf  the  Elbe,  21  miles  N.  of  Prague.     Pop.  3673. 


Mel'nik,  a  town  of  Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  55  milai  N.B 
of  Salonica.     Pop.  6000.  '  ' 

Melo,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Mel. 

Melo,  mA'lo,  a  town  of  Uruguay,  200  miles  N.E.  of  Mod. 
te  video. 

Melocabus,  Germany.    See  CoBuno, 

Melocheville(Fr.pron.m&-losh-veer),orTcohailtr 
ti'o'hint',  a  post-village  in  Beauharnois  co.,  Qucbee  at  tbt 
outlet  of  the  Beauharnois  Canal  in  Lake  St.  Louit,  30 
miles  S.W.  of  Montreal.  It  contains  a  foundry,  flonr-iuilti 
and  4  stores.     Pop.  400.  ' 

Melodunum,  the  ancient  name  of  Melu.^. 

Mcloria,  mA-lo're-&  (anc.  Mamt'riaf),  a  imtit  lilaiic] 
in  the  Mediterranean,  off  the  coast  of  Tuscany,  4  milw  \\ 
of  Leghorn. 

Melos,  an  island  of  Greece.    See  Milo. 

Mel'piiie,  a  post-office  of  Muscatine  oo.,  lom,  aboat 
20  miles  W.  of  Davenport. 

Metres,  mJl'rfis,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Donro 
12  miles  E.  of  Oporto,  on  the  Douro.     Pop.  1101. 

MeProse',  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Hoxboroagh.oa 
tho  Tweed,  and  on  the  North  British  Railway,  11  niloi 
N.N.W.  of  Jedburgh.  The  town  is  noted  only  for  its  abbcr, 
the  church  of  which,  when  entire,  was  the  finest  in  Scot- 
land,  as  it  is  still  the  noblest  ruin.  It  w:i8  founded  br 
David  I.  in  1136  for  Cistercian  monks.     Pop.  1 105. 

Melrose,  mCl-roz'  or  mel'roz,  a  village  in  Alameda  co. 
Cal.,  on  tho  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Oak. 
land.  It  is  at  the  junction  of  a  branch  railway.  Ilarear* 
smelting-  and  refining-works  and  a  cordage-factory. 

Melrose,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Hartford  co, 
Conn.,  on  the  Connecticut  Central  Railroad,  15  miles  N.Ei 
of  Hartford,  at  the  junction  of  the  Rockvillo  Branch. 

Melrose,  a  post-village  of  Alachua  co.,  Fla.,  on  Santa 
F6  Lake,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Waldo  Station.  It  has  a  saw-miU 
and  2  stores. 

Melrose,  a  post-office  of  Echols  oo.,  Ga.,  22  miles  S.E. 
of  Valdosta. 

Melrose,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  111.  Pop.  2076| 
exclusive  of  Quincy,  of  Avhich  it  contains  a  part. 

Melrose,  a  small  post-vill.ago  of  Clark  co.,  111., in  Met' 
rose  township,  about  28  miles  S.  of  Paris,  It  containi  S 
churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  989. 

Melrose,  a  suburban  village  of  Provi.so  township, Cook. 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  <t  Northwestern  Railroad,  11  milei 
W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  manufactory  of 
steel  car-springs.     Nearest  post-office,  Maywood,  1  mile, 

Melrose,  a  post-office  of  Grundy  co.,  Iowa,  in  Melroi* 
township,  about  22  miles  N.  of  Marshalltown,  Pop.  of  lb* 
township,  597. 

Melrose,  Monroe  co.,  Iowa.    See  East  MELnoSE. 

Melrose,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  on  tba 
Bachman  Valley  Railroad.  It  has  2  stores,  a  cigar-fo*- 
tory,  ifec. 

Melrose,  a  handsome  post-village  of  Middlesex  - 
Mass.,  in  Melrose  township,  on  tho  13oston  &  Maine  1; 
road,  7  miles  N.  of  Boston.     It  has  a  high  .school,  a  n.  > 
paper  office,  a  bank,  several  churches,  and  uianufiu!turoiof| 
boots,  shoes,  furniture,  &c.     The  township  containi  also  a 
village  named  Melrose  Highlands.     Pop.  in  1890,  8519.     j 

Melrose,  a  station  of  Charlevoix  co.,  Mich.,  on  tb« 
Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad,  8J  miles  S.of  I'ctoskey.i 

Melrose,  a  post-village  of  Stearns  co.,  Minn.,  in  Mel- 
rose township,  on  the  Sauk  River,  and  on  the  St.  Paul  i 
Pacific  Railroad,  13  miles  W.  by  N.  of  St.  Cloud.  RbM2, 
churches,  a  graded  school,  3  hotels,  and  a  flour-mill.  I'tip-j 
about  400 ;  of  the  township,  462. 

Melrose,  a  post-office  of  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo.,  aboat  30 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  St.  Louis. 

Melrose,  a  post-offico  of  Harlan  co.,  Neb.  •      i 

Melrose,  a  station  of  the  New  York  <t  Harlem  R*il- 
road,  within  the  city  limits  of  New  York,  0  miles  N.  of  th« 
Grand  Central  depot.     Hero  is  a  convent. 

Melrose,  a  post-village  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  ibI 
Schaghticoke  township,  on  the  Troy  &  Boston  UaiiroaJ,  SJ 
miles  N.  of  Troy.     It  has  2  churches. 

Melrose,  a  post-office  of  Robeson  co.,  N.C. 

Melrose,  a  post-hamlet  of  Susquehanna  co.,  P«.|  »• 
the  Jefferson  Branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad.  :10  miles  >•"' 
Carbondale.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  handle-factory. 

Melrose,  a  station  in  Tipton  co.,  Tcnn..  on  the  Padu- 
cah  &  Memphis  Railroad,  34  miles  N.E.  of  Mwuptiis. 

Melrose,  a  post-village  of  Nneogdoches  oo.,  Tcx.,abooi 
75  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Palestine.  It  has  3  churches  and  i 
seminary. 

Melrose,  a  post-office  of  Rockingham  co.,  Va. 

Melrose,  a  post-village  in  Melrose  township,  Jacl*' 


MEL 


1803 


MEM 


C(  Wis.,  on  Douglas  Creek,  near  Black  River,  16  miles 

5  iw.  of  Black  River  Falls,  and  about  6  miles  N.B.  of  La 
CWe-  It  ^^^  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  flour- 
niL     Pop.  of  the  township,  1159. 

([el'rose,  a  post- village  in  Guysborough  co.,  Nova  Sco- 
tijon  St.  Mary's  River,  88  miles  from  Shubenacadie. 

ielrose,  a  post-village  in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  6 
mbs  N.B.  of  Shannonville.     Pop.  100. 

lelrose,  a  village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  4  miles 
frp  Komoka.     Pop.  150. 

Iclrose,  a  small  village  in  Kings  co.,  Prince  Edward 
Iffcd,  7  miles  from  Georgetown.     Pop.  100. 

Iclrose  Highlands,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co., 
Mjs.,  in  Melrose  township,  on  the  Boston  &  Maine  Rail- 
rd,  8  or  9  miles  N.  of  Boston,  and  1  mile  from  Melrose. 
It-as  several  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school, 
ail  manufactures  of  boots,  shoes,  needles,  soap,  <fec. 

JeProy',  a  post-office  of  Gage  co.,  Neb. 

jels,  mils,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  St.  Gall, 
]  itiles  S.W.  of  Sargans.  It  has  an  important  manufac- 
tOj  of  fire-arms,  and  a  glass-house.  On  a  neighboring  hill 
utiils  the  old  castle  of  Nidberg,     Pop.  3407. 

Iclsele,  mSl-si'leh,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
FMcrs,  27  miles  N.E.  by  E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  3032. 

felsnngen,  m61's5ong-en,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Ilesse- 
lau,  on  the  Fulda,  13  miles  S.  of  Cassel.     Pop.  3483. 
Ill  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  a  eastle,  and  manufactures 
ofrooUen  cloth. 
|[el'thain,a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West  Riding, 

6  files  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Huddersfield.  Pop.  4229,  em- 
plled  in  woollen-manufactories. 

lel'ton-Mow'bray  (mo'broe),  a  town  of  England, 
cn|f  Leicester,  on  the  navigable  Wreke,  and  on  the  Midland 
Kiway,  14  miles  E.N.B.  of  Leicester.  The  town  has  a 
fir!  Gothic  church,  2  large  free  schools,  an  almshouse,  a 
gnl  library  and  news-room,  excellent  hotels,  and  extensive 
ttijles  for  horses  belonging  to  members  of  the  famous  fo.x- 
au':,  which  attracts  to  Melton  during  the  season  the  6llte 
of  tie  sporting  world.  Melton  is  noted  for  its  cheese  and 
po  pies.     Pop.  (1891)  8505. 

el'ton's,  a  post-office  of  Louisa  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Chesa- 
pc  e  4  Ohio  Railroad,  73  miles  N.W.  of  Richmond. 

elton's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tallapoosa  co.,  Ala., 
nb  t  40  miles  N.B.  of  Montgomery.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

elton's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Chesterfield  co.,  S.C. 

cl'tonsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  Ala., 
abft  40  miles  S.E.  of  Huntsville. 

.elun  (Fr.  pron.  m'lus"  or  m§h-luN<»';  ano.  Melodn'- 
n«j,  a  town  of  France,  capital  of  the  department  of  Seine- 
et-|arne,  on  the  Seine,  27  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Paris.  Pop. 
11,15,  It  has  a  parish  church,  the  clock-tower  of  an  old 
abW,  ruins  of  a  royal  palace,  a  communal  college,  normal 
Bclpl,  and  public  library,  with  manufactures  of  woollen 
nlois,  linens,  leather,  crockery,  and  cotton  goods. 

^'fil'vale,  a  village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  on  the  North- 
erij^entral  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  a 
Inri  distillery  and  some  15  houses.  Nearest  post-office, 
MtWashington. 

Jpl'vern,  or  MaI'vern,  a  post-village  in  Melvem 
toTOhip,  Osage  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Osage  River,  about  38 
niij  S.  of  Topeka.  It  has  a  graded  school  and  a  flouring- 
niij    Pop.  of  the  township,  942. 

Jplvern  Square,  a  post-villago  in  Annapolis  co., 
No[.  Scotia,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  North  Mountains,  4  miles 
froiWilmot.     It  contains  3  stores.     Pop.  400. 

Iplvidetz,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Medvieditza. 

Jfel'ville,  a  post-office  of  Chattooga  co.,  Ga. 

|3iville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  111.,  5  miles 
N.t  of  Alton.     It  has  a  church. 

IjJiville,  a  post-township  of  Audubon  co.,  Iowa,  25 
mill  N.W.  of  Adair  Station.     Pop.  62. 

Iplville,  a  station  on  the  Shawmut  Branch  of  the  Old 
Col  y  Railroad,  4i  miles  S.  of  the  initial  station  in  Bos- 
ton! (lass. 

Iblville,  a  village  of  Dade  co.,  Mo.,  about  30  miles 
N.^  of  Springfield. 

_  JjJlville,  a  post- village  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Ilun- 
txnim  township,  about  32  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Brooklyn.  It 
has  church  and  about  40  houses. 

rjslville,  a  post-township  of  Alamance  co.,  N.C.,  about 
«  los  N.AV.  of  Raleigh.  Pop.  1221.  It  contains  a  vil- 
lagjiamed  Mebanesville. 

Jjilville  (formerly  Chickamanga),  a  post-hamlet  of 
Hajlton  CO.,  Tenn.,  on  or  near  the  Western  &  Atlantic 
Rajsad. 

JpI'ville,  a  village  in  Peel  co.,  Ontario,  2i  miles  from 
Oro^jeville.    It  contains  grist-  and  saw-mills.     Pop.  100. 


Melville  Bay,  an  inlet  of  Greenland,  near  the  head  of 
Baffin's  Bay,  lat.  76°  N.,  and  between  Ion.  60°  and  64°  AV. 

Melville  Castle,  Scotland.    See  Lasswade. 

Melville  Island,  an  island  off  the  coast  of  North 
Australia,  in  lat.  11°  28'  S.,  Ion.  131°  E.  Length,  70  miles; 
breadth,  30  miles. 

Melville  Island,  the  westernmost  of  the  Georgian 
Islands  of  British  North  America,  in  the  Arctic  Ocean. 
Lat.  75°  N. ;  Ion.  110°  W.  Discovered  by  Captain  Parry, 
who  wintered  here  in  1819-20. 

Melville  Island,  an  island  in  the  South  Pacific,  in 
lat.  17°  35'  S.,  Ion.  142°  41'  W. 

Mel'ville  Penin'sula,  in  Northern  Canada,  within 
the  Arctic  Circle,  has  Boothia  Gulf  on  the  W.,  Fury  and 
Hecla  Strait  on  the  N.,  and  Fox  Channel  on  the  E.  It  is 
250  miles  long  and  100  miles  in  breadth. 

MeI'vin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ford  co.,  111.,  on  the  Oilman, 
Clinton  &  Springfield  Railroad,  92  miles  N.E.  of  Spring- 
field.    It  has  a  church. 

Melvin,  a  post-office  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mich. 

Melvin,  a  hamlet  of  Bledsoe  co.,  Tenn.,  about  50  miles 
N.  of  Chattanooga.  Ilero  is  the  Bledsoe  Institute.  Post- 
office,  Orme's  Store. 

Melvin,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  W.  Va. 

Melvi'na,  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  is  a  part  of  Maspeth. 

Melvina,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co..  Wis. 

Melvin  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Ontario  oo.,  N.Y.,  2  or  3 
miles  from  Phelps.     It  has  a  church. 

MeI'vin  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  N.C. 

Melvin's  Mills,  a  station  of  Merrimack  co.,  N.H.,  ia 
Bradford  township,  on  the  Concord  &  Claremont  Railroad, 
25  miles  W.  of  Concord. 

Melvin  Village,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  N.II., 
on  Lake  Winnepesaukee,  about  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Concord. 

Melykut,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Melikut. 

Melzo,  mfil'zo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  12  miles 
E.N.B.  of  Milan.     Pop.  2576. 

Membrilla,  mSm-breel'yi,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  29  miles  E.  of  Ciudad  Real.     Pop.  4919. 

Membrio,  mflm'bre-o,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Estrema- 
dura,  37  miles  W.N.W.  of  Caceres.     Pop.  1820. 

Memee,  Manitowoc  co..  Wis.    See  Meeme. 

Memel,  a  river  of  Prussia.     See  Niemev. 

Memel,  mSm'el  or  mi'mel,  a  town  and  seaport  of 
Prussia,  at  the  N.  end  of  the  Curische-Haff,  where  the 
Dange  falls  into  the  Baltic,  72  miles  N.E.  of  Konigsberg. 
Lat.  55°  43'  42"  N.;  Ion.  21°  6'  12"  E.  It  is  defended  by 
a  citadel.  It  is  the  N.  terminus  of  an  important  railway, 
and  stands  near  the  N.  extremity  of  the  German  Empire. 
The  town  is  divided  into  three  quarters, — the  Old,  the  New, 
and  Frederick's  town,  with  three  suburbs.  It  is  the  seat  of 
an  admiralty  and  several  provincial  courts,  and  contains 
an  exchange,  theatre,  hospital,  infirmary,  a  superior  town 
school,  a  school  for  navigation,  an  industrial  school  and 
house  of  refuge  for  children,  besides  a  gymnasium  and  town 
high  school.  Its  manufactures  consist  of  woollen  and  sail- 
cloth, lumber,  spirits,  beer,  oil,  castings,  candles,  soap,  Jfcc. ; 
but  the  great  source  of  its  prosperity  is  its  trade,  winch  ia 
very  extensive,  and  consists  chiefly  of  timber,  corn,  flax, 
hemp,  potash,  linseed,  and  colonial  produce.  Memel  is  an 
entrepot  of  the  foreign  trade  of  AVestcrn  Russia.  The  prin- 
cipal articles  received  from  Russia,  besides  hemp  and  flax, 
are  oil,  tallow,  wool,  and  yarn.  In  exchange  she  takes 
cotton,  sugar,  coffee,  wine,  spices,  and  other  colonial  prod- 
uce. The  harbor  of  Memel  is  large  and  safe,  and  has  a 
depth  of  water  from  14  to  17  feet.  It  is  provided  with  ex- 
tensive docks  and  a  good  light-house.  Ship-building  is 
carried  on  to  a  considerable  extent.     Pop.  19,796. 

Menifi,  a  town  of  Sicily.    See  Menfi. 

Memmate,  the  Latin  name  of  Mende. 

Memmingen,  mfim'ming-^n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  m 
Swabia,  on  a  tributary  of  the  Iller,  43  miles  S.AV.  of  Augs- 
burg. It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  a  handsome  town 
hall,  an  arsenal,  barracks,  a  lyceum,  academy  of  music,  and 
manufactories  of  woollen,  cotton,  and  linen  fabrics,  hosiery, 
ribbons,  oil-cloth,  and  copper-  and  iron-wares.     Pop.  7762. 

Memoo'sic  River,  Michigan,  rises  in  Lake  co.,  runs 
N.W.  into  Manistee  co.,  and  enters  the  Manistee  River  at 
the  village  of  Manistee,  which  is  on  Lake  Michigan. 

Mem'ory,  a  post-hamlet  of  Taylor  co.,  Iowa,  about  100 
miles  S.W.  of  Des  Moines. 

Mem'phis  (Coptic, Mom/and  Afew/or  Menph),  an  ancient 
city  of  Lower  Egypt,  on  the  banks  of  the  Nile,  about  10 
miles  S.  of  Cairo.  It  is  said  to  have  been  built  by  Menes, 
the  first  king  of  Egypt;  and  in  the  time  of  Abulfeda, 
about  1342,  its  remains  were  very  extensive.  Of  later 
times,  however,  almost  every  trace  of  its  existence  had  di  j- 


MEM 


1804 


MEN 


appeared,  oxoept  a  solitary  colossal  statue  of  Sesostris.  But 
extensive  explorations  bave  been  oarriod  un  bore,  resulting 
in  sovcnvl  interesting  disooveries,  among  whioh  may  bo 
mentioned  an  avcnuo  or  passage  bordered  on  each  side  by 
imagea  of  sphinxes,  amounting  in  all  to  about  140,  and  an 
immense  sunterranoan  cemetery,  vrith  tombs  like  rost  chests 
of  polished  granite  hewn  from  a  single  block  of  stone, 

IHem'phiSt  a  post-hamlet  of  Pickens  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Tombigbee  Kivor,  about  6U  miles  W.  of  Tuscaloosa. 

Memphis,  a  post-village  of  Clarke  co.,  Ind.,  in  Union 
township,  on  the  JofTer^onville,  Madison  A  Indianapolis 
Rftilroa<i,  17  miles  N.of  Louisville,  Ky.     It  has  2  churches. 

Merapliis,  a  village  of  Appanoose  oo.,  Iowa,  about  4U 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Ottuinwa. 

Memphis,  a  poEt-office  of  Bourbon  oo.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Fort  Scutt,  Southeastern  &  Memphis  Railroad,  11  miles 
S.E.  of  Fort  Scutt. 

Memphis,  a  post-village  of  Macomb  oo.,  Mich.,  in 
Richmond  township,  on  the  Belle  River,  22  miles  S.W.  of 
Port  Huron,  and  42  miles  N.N.E.  of  Detroit.  It  has  a 
money-order  post-office,  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a 
oheese-factory,  2  foundries,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Memphis,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Scotland  co..  Mo., 
is  in  Jefferson  township,  near  the  E.  bank  of  the  North 
Fabius  River,  and  on  the  Missouri,  Iowa  <t  Nebraska  Rail- 
road, 44  miles  W.  of  Keokuk,  and  about  70  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Hannibal.  It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  2  banks,  an 
academy  or  high  school,  and  7  churches.    Pop.  (1890)  1780. 

Memphis,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  0.,  in  Wayne 
township,  40  miles  W.  of  Chillicothe.     It  has  a  church. 

Memphis,  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.     See  Casto.v. 

Memphis,  a  city  and  port  of  entry  of  Shelby  co., 
Tennessee,  is  beautifully  situated  on  the  Mi;!sissippi  River, 
just  below  the  mouth  of  Wolf  River,  and  on  the  4th  Chick- 
asaw Bluff,  420  miles  below  St.  Louis,  209  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Nashville,  and  826  miles  above  New  Orleans.  Lat.  35°  8' 
N. ;  Ion.  90°  5'  W.  It  is  the  most  populous  and  important 
town  on  the  river  between  St.  Louis  and  New  Orleans,  and 
occupies  the  only  eligible  site  for  a  commercial  depot  from 
the  mouth  of  the  Ohio  to  Vioksburg,  a  distance  of  650  miles. 
The  bluff  on  which  it  stands  is  elevated  about  60  feet  above 
high-water  mark,  and  its  base  is  washed  by  the  river  for  a 
distance  of  3  miles,  while  a  bed  of  sandstone  projects  into 
the  stream  and  forms  a  convenient  landing.  The  city  con- 
tains many  churches,  both  white  and  colored,  5  academies, 
a  public  library,  a  number  of  national  and  other  banks,  a 
chamber  of  commerce,  about  60  public  free  schools,  a  cotton 
exchange,  a  custom-house,  a  large  ho.spital,  a  Roman  Catho- 
lic college,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  6  daily  and  14 
weekly  newspapers  and  several  monthly  periodicals.  Mem- 
phis is  a  centre  at  which  meet  ten  railroads, — the  Illinois 
Central,  the  Kansas  City,  Fort  Scott  <fc  Memphis,  the  Kan- 
sas City,  Memphis  &  Birmingham,  the  Little  Rock  &  Mem- 
phis, the  Louisville  &  Nashville,  the  Louisville,  New  Orleans 
A  Texas,  the  Memphis  &  Charleston,  the  Newport  News  & 
Mississippi  Valley,  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  A  Southern, 
and  the  Tennessee  Midland.  The  river  is  deep  enough  to 
float  the  largest  ship  of  war  from  this  place  to  its  mouth, 
and  the  navigation  is  open  in  all  seasons  of  the  year. 
This  city  is  one  of  the  leading  cotton  marts  of  the  country, 
and  ships  annually  more  than  500,000  bales.  Its  large  manu- 
factures are  carried  on  in  many  establishments, — foundries, 
machine-shops,  oil-mills,  lumber-mills,  planing-mills,  Ac. 
Here  are  the  Pioneer  Cotton-Mills,  with  more  than  6000 
spindles  and  consuming  over  1,000,000  pounds  annually. 
According  to  the  census  of  1890,  the  aggregate  capital  em- 
ployed in  industries  reported  for  Memi)his  was  $7,985,888, 
and  the  value  of  products  $11,800,455.  In  foundries  and 
machine-shops  $1,308,750  was  employed,  and  in  the  cot- 
ton-seed oil  and  cake  industry,  $1,511,632.  In  each  of 
these  industries  the  value  of  products  exceeded  $1,000,000. 
Pop.  in  1850,8841;  in  1860,22,623;  in  1870,40,226;  in 
1880,  33,592;  in  1890,  64,495. 

Memphis  Junction,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co.,  Ky. 

Memphremagog.    See  Lake  Memphrehagog. 

Mem'ramcook,  a  post-village  in  Westmoreland  co., 
New  Brunswick,  on  Memramcook  River,  and  on  the  Inter- 
colonial Railway,  19  miles  from  Moncton. 

Mena,  m&'n&,  a  market-town  of  Russia,  government  and 
48  miles  E.  of  Chernigov,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Desna.  Pop. 
2000.     It  was  important  in  the  tenth  century. 

Menado,  m^-ni'do,  or  Manado,  m^-n&'do,  a  Dutch 
town,  capital  of  Menado  residency,  on  the  coast  of  Celebes, 
near  its  N.E.  extremity.  Lat.  1°  28'  N. ;  Ion.  124°  30'  B. 
It  exports  large  cargoes  of  coffee,  raised  in  its  vicinity,  and 
has  also  an  export  trade  in  rice  and  gold-dust.  Pop.  of 
town,  about  60U0;  of  residency,  226,815. 


Menadoo,  Nova  Scotia,     See  Main  a  Dieu. 

Menie,  the  ancient  name  of  Mi.nko. 

Mcuaggio,  mi-nid'jo,  a  town  of  Italy,  goverammtof 
Milan,  15  miles  N.X.E.  of  Como,  at  the  mouth  of  the  S«. 
nagra,  on  the  W,  bank  of  the  Lago  di  Como.    Pop.  1270 

Menai  (mJn'i)  Strait,  a  channel  of  Wales,  scparatinj 
the  island  of  Anglesea  from  Carnarvon.  It  is  about  11 
miles  long,  and  its  navigation  is  in  some  j)lacc8  haiardoui. 
It  is  crossed  by  2  great  structures,  the  Menai  bridge  and  th« 
Britannia  bridge,  about  a  mile  apart.  The  former,  which 
is  a  suspension-bridge,  was  executed  at  a  cost  of  £211  791 
The  distance  between  the  supporting  pyramids  or  puinti 
of  suspension  is  560  feet.  The  Britannia  bridge,  an  iron 
tubular  structure,  consists  of  two  lines  of  tubes,  each  Iil3 
feet  long,  supported  on  three  towers,  besides  the  shore  abut, 
ments,  100  feet  above  the  sea.     Whole  cost,  £001,805. 

Mcnal'len,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co..  Pa.,  in  Menai. 
len  township,  about  30  miles  S.W.  of  liarrisburg,  and  10 
miles  N.  of  Gettysburg.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1814.  Xhi 
township  contains  the  village  of  Bendersville. 

Mcnallen,  a  township  of  Fayette  co..  Pa.    Pop.  1378, 

Mcnam,  m&-n&m',  or  Mei-Nani,  md'e-nlm'  or  ni4'. 
nim'  ("  mother  of  waters"),  one  of  the  large  rivers  of 
Southern  Asia,  rises,  according  to  native  accounts,  in  tbt 
table-land  of  Yun-Nan  (China),  traverses  the  centre  of 
Siam,  and,  after  a  S.  course  estimated  at  800  miles,  enten 
the  Gulf  of  Siam  by  3  mouths. 

Menamah,  a  town  of  Arabia.     See  Manama. 

Menam-Kong,  a  river  of  Asia.    See  MKKo.to. 

Menan,  or  Little  Menan,  an  island  of  the  United 
States,  Maine,  off  Steuben  Harbor.  It  has  a  light-houN 
with  a  tower  25  feet  high.     See  Gha.vd  Ma.van. 

Menancabow,  or  Menankabau,  m{^-nWki-b6w', 
a  state  of  Sumatra,  comprising  a  territory  in  its  W.  part 
The  inhabitants  are  mostly  Mohammedans,  and  they  carry 
useful  arts  to  a  greater  perfection  than  any  other  people  of 
Sumatra.  They  are  now  partially  tributary  to  the  Dutch 
of  Padang. 

Mu^nand's',  a  station  in  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  rail- 
road from  Albany  to  Troy,  3  miles  N.  of  Albany, 

Menard,  me-nard',  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of 
Illinois,  has  an  area  of  about  300  square  miles.  It  is  inter* 
sected  by  the  Sangamon  River,  and  is  bounded  on  the  N, 
by  that  river  and  Salt  Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level, 
and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  woodlands.  The  soil  it 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  wheat,  cattle,  bay,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  Mines  of  bituminous  coal  bave  been 
opened  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Jackeos- 
ville  division  of  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad  and  by  the 
Jacksonville  Southeastern  Railroad,  both  of  which  connect 
with  Petersburg,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,735;  ia 
1880,  13,024;  in  1890,  13,120. 

Menard,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Texfl8,hai 
an  area  of  about  880  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
San  Saba  River.  The  surface  is  partly  covered  with  forest*. 
The  soil  produces  grass,  but  is  mostly  uncultivated.  Ciittl« 
are  the  chief  articles  of  export.  Capital,  Menardville, 
Pop.  in  1870,  667;  in  1880,  1239;  in  1890,  121a. 

Menard'ville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Menard  co., 
Tex.,  on  the  San  Saba  River,  150  miles  W.N.W.  of  Austin. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  chair-factory. 

Menariacum,  the  Latin  name  of  Mekville. 

MenarS'la- Ville,  a  town  of  France.    See  Mer. 

Mcnas-Albas,  mi'nis-drbis,  a  town  of  Spain,  proT- 
ince  and  28  miles  S.S.W.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  3738. 

Menash'a,  a  post-village  in  Menasha  township,  Win- 
nebago CO.,  Wis.,  is  at  the  N.  end  of  Winnebago  Lake,  and 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Fox  River,  which  here  issues  from 
the  lake.  It  is  about  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Oshkosh,  6  milei 
S.  by  AV.  of  Appleton,  and  nearly  i  mile  N.  of  Neemih. 
It  is  on  the  Chicago  &,  Northwestern  Railroad  and  the  wi»- 
consin  Central  Railroad.  It  contains  4  or  5  churchei, » 
national  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  high  school,  2gri»t- 
mills,  a  pottery,  a  machine-shop,  a  foundry,  a  woollon-niill, 
and  manufactures  of  paper,  staves,  sash,  doors,  blinds,  and 
wooden-ware.  Steamboats  ply  daily  between  Menasha  and 
Fond  du  Lac,  30  miles  distant.     Pop.  in  1890,  4581. 

Menat,  m§h-n4',  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy-de-D6me,  17 
miles  N.W.  of  Riom.     Pop,  2154. 

Menbrilia,  a  town  of  Spain.     See  Membrilla. 

Menchia  (or  Menchyeh),  El,  51  mSn'chee'a,  a  larg) 
town  at  a  short  distance  S.E.  of  Tripoli. 

Menconico,  mSn-kon'e-ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  pror- 
ince  of  Pavia,  8  miles  from  Bobbio,     Pop,  1187. 

Mcndaiia  Islands.    See  Marquesas. 

Mendavia,  m6n-di've-4,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Nararre, 
40  miles  S.W.  of  Pamplona,     Pop,  1983. 


J 


MEN 


1805 


MEN 


')fende,  mftxd  (L.  Mcmmate),  a  town  of  France,  capital 
Clho  department  of  Lozere,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Lot, 
1  miles  N.W.  of  Avignon.  Pop.  6239.  It  is  situated  on 
t  slope  of  Mount  Mimat,  is  enclosed  by  boulevards,  and 
b  a  fine  cathedral  with  2  spires,  an  episcopal  palace,  now 
t  prefecture,  a  public  library,  a  chamber  of  manufactures, 
nl  considerable  manufactures  of  serges  and  other  woollen 

ttendcfi,  or  Mendcfy,  m3n'd?h-fee\  a  lofty  moun- 
t.4  of  Africa,  S.  of  Mandara.    Lat.  9°  N. ;  Ion.  14°  25'  E. 

[lendeli,  a  mountain  of  Greece.    See  Pextelicus. 

Kcndeli,  mSn-di'lee,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  36 
D|es  N.E.  of  Bagdad. 

|Icnden,  mfin'd§n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  12 
Djes  W.  of  Arnsberg.     Pop.  4435. 

flen'deaihall's,  township,  Newberry  co.,  S.C.  P.  1675. 

Render,  mfin'der,  or  Meinder,  mAn'd?r,  written  also 
H.lndere  (anc.  Mxan'der),  a  river  of  Asia  Minor,  is 
ftlicd  by  two  streams,  50  miles  S.W.  of  Afioom  Kara  Ilis- 
g;i  flows  generally  W.S.W.,  and  enters  the  iEgean  Sea  32 
nis  S.S.W.  of  Ayasoolook,  after  a  course  of  upwards  of 
28  miles.  On  the  banks  are  traces  of  the  ancient  cities 
Akniea,  Antiochia  ad  Mxandrum,  and  Miletus. 

tender,  Meinder,  or  Mendere,  a  river  of  Asia 
Mkor,  plain  of  Troy,  rises  in  Mount  Ida,  flows  N.W.,  and, 
allr  a  N.N.AV.  course  of  about  60  miles,  past  the  site  of 
TV,  enters  the  Hellespont  at  its  mouth.  Some  geogra- 
pli-s  identify  it  with  the  Simois,  but  Schliemann  and 
niliy  others  believe  it  to  be  the  Scamander  of  antiquity. 

lender,  Kootchook,  Turkey.     See  Cayster. 

leudham,  mend'am,  a  post- village  of  Morris  co., 
nL  in  Mendham  township,  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Morris- 
top.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  high  school.  Pop.  about 
4Cr  of  the  township,  1573.     The  township  has  5  churches. 

[endig,  mSn'dio,  Nieder,  nee'der,  and  Oder,  o'ber, 
twjnearly  contiguous  villages  of  Prussia,  government  and 
ISJiiles  W.  of  Coblentz. 

^endigorria,  mSn-de-gon'Re-i,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Niarre,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Pamplona.     Pop.  1755. 

ten'dip  Hills,  England,  co.  of  Somerset,  in  the  N. 
ceral  part  of  the  county.     Length,  24  miles. 

en'dlesham,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Suffolk,  16J 
mjb  N.N.W.  of  Ipswich.     Pop.  of  parish,  1243. 

.^ndocino,  men-do-see'no,  a  northwestern  county  of 
Cabrnia.  Area,  3694  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
W|y  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  is  drained  by  Russian,  Eel, 
aUjNovarro  Rivers.  The  Coast  Range  of  mountains  ex- 
teik  along  the  E.  border.  The  surface  is  diversified  with 
inctitaius  and  fertile  valleys.  Wheat,  oats,  barley,  hay, 
anwool  are  the  staple  products,  and  lumber  is  the  chief 
artle  of  export.  This  county  has  extensive  forests  of  red- 
woj  (Sequoia  sempervirens),  an  evergreen  tree,  which  is 
an|ccellent  timber.  It  is  traversed  by  the  San  Francisco 
&  ]]|rth  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Ukiah.  Pop.  in  1870, 
75^1;  in  1880,  12,800  ;  in  1890,  17,612. 

lendocino,  or  Big  River,  a  post-village  of  Mendo- 
cinlco.,  Cal.,  on  the  Pacific  Ocean,  at  the  mouth  of  Big 
Ri"^,  130  miles  N.N.W.  of  San  Francisco.  It  has  a  good 
haibr  accessible  to  large  vessels,  several  hotels,  a  news- 
pan-  oflice,  and  a  large  steam  saw-mill.  Pop.  473.  Here 
IS  Andooino  Post-Oflice.    See  Cape  MENDOcrNO. 

^ndocino,  a  township  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.   Pop.  2690. 

Ibn'don,  a  post-hamlet  of  El  Dorado  co.,  Cal.,  30  miles 
E.J  Shingle  Springs.    It  has  marble-works. 

r{pndon,  a  post-village  in  Mendon  township,  Adams 
co.Jll.,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  <fc  Quincy  Railroad 
(Capage  division),  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Quincy.  It  has 
6  c|rches,  a  flour-mill,  a  school-house  which  cost  $18,000, 
ancj  plough-factory.     Pop.  501 ;  of  the  township,  1796. 

tendon,  a  township  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1181, 
excbive  of  McGregor  and  North  McGregor. 

Iiindon,  a  post-village  in  Mendon  township,  Worces- 
ter |.,  Mass.,  35  miles  S.W.  of  Boston.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  gtled  school,  and  manufactures  of  boots.  Pop.  of  the 
towjhip  in  1890,  919. 

Spndon,  a  post-village  in  Mendon  township,  St.  Jo- 
sepfeo.,  Mich.,  on  the  St.  Joseph  River,  and  on  the  Grand 
Ra|lls  &  Indiana  Railroad,  71  miles  S.  of  Grand  Rapids, 
and|4  miles  N.  of  Sturgis.  It  has  a  bank,  a  union  school, 
a  ni'spaper  office,  4  churches,  and  manufactures  of  sash, 
blirji,  staves,  Ac.    Pop.  (1890)  808  ;  of  the  township,  1803. 

IHndon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chariton  co.,  Mo.,  about  10 
BJillN.  of  Brunswick.     It  has  a.  ohurch. 

J^indon,  a  post-village  in  Mendon  township,  Monroe 
co.,J.Y.,  13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rochester.  It  has  an  acad- 
erajjnd  2  churches.  The  township  also  contains  the  vil- 
lag«|f  Honeoye  Falls,  and  has  a  pop.  (1890)  of  2991. 


Mendon,  a  post-village  of  Mercer  co.,  0.,  on  the  St. 
Mary's,  and  on  the  Toledo,  Delphos  &  Burlington  Railroad, 
4  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mercer.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  164. 

Mendon,  a  post- village  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  about 
30  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Mendon,  a  post-village  of  Cache  co.,  Utah,  on  the  Utah 
Northern  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Logan,  and  about  28  miles 
N.E.  of  Corinne.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  in  1880,  543. 

Mendon,  a  post-hamlet  in  Mendon  township,  Rutland 
CO.,  Vt.,  4  milei  N.E.  of  Rutland,  and  about  5  miles  N.W. 
of  Killington  Peak.  It  has  a  church  and  lumber-mills. 
Here  is  fine  mountain-scenery.     Pop.  of  the  township,  012. 

Mendon  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Mendon  township, 
Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  about  13  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Rochester.  It 
has  a  Friends'  meeting  and  a  grist-mill. 

Mendo'ta,  a  city  of  La  Salle  co..  III.,  in  Mendota  town- 
ship, is  pleasantly  situated  on  an  undulating  prairie,  on  the 
Illinois  Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Chicago,  Bur- 
lington <fc  Quincy  Railroad,  and  at  the  E.  terminus  of  the 
Mendota  &  Clinton  Railroad,  84  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chicago, 
16  miles  N.  of  La  Salle,  and  28  miles  S.E.  of  Dixon.  It 
contains  10  churches,  2  high  schools,  a  national  bank,  2 
other  banks,  the  Mendota  College  (Lutheran),  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  public  library,  an  organ-factory,  a  foundry,  flour- 
ing-mills,  gas-works,  and  manufactories  of  carriages.  Pop. 
in  1890,  3642;  of  the  township,  excluding  the  city,  795. 

Mendota,  a  post-village  in  Mendota  township,  Dakota 
CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Mississippi  River,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Minnesota,  and  on  the  St.  Paul  &  Sioux 
City  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
<t  St.  Paul  Railroad,  6  miles  S.AV.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  a 
church.  Pop.  about  250;  of  the  township,  582.  Pilot 
Knob,  near  this  village,  commands  an  extensive  view. 

Mendota,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co.,  Mo.,  and  a  sta- 
tion on  the  Burlington  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Unionville. 

Mendota,  or  West'port,  a  post-village  in  Westport 
township,  Dane  co..  Wis.,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Lake  Men- 
dota, and  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  5  miles 
N.  of  Madison.  It  has  2  churches,  and  a  hospital  for  the 
insane.     Pop.  627.     The  post-office  is  named  Mendota 

Mendota  Lake,  Wisconsin,  is  in  the  middle  of  Dane 
CO.,  and  is  6  miles  long  by  4  miles  wide.  It  is  the  largest 
of  the  Four  Lakes,  and  was  formerly  called  Fourth  Lake. 
Madison,  the  capital  of  AVisconsin,  is  on  the  S.W.  shore  of 
this  lake,  which  is  navigable  by  steamboats  and  is  en- 
vironed with  beautiful  scenery.  The  water  is  deep  and 
pure.    See  Meno.va  Lake. 

Mendoza,  mfin-do'zi  or  min-do'thi,  a  river  of  the 
Argentine  Republic,  rises  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Andes,  lat. 
32°  35'  S.,  near  the  volcano  of  Aconcagua,  and  falls  into 
Lake  Guanacache,  Lat.  32°  S.     Length,  about  200  miles. 

Mendoza,  a  province  of  the  Argentine  Republic, 
having  N.  and  E.  the  provinces  of  San  Juan  and  San  Luis, 
W.  the  Andt'S,  and  S.  an  unsettled  region.  Area,  54,000 
square  miles.     Capital,  Mendoza.     Pop.  160,000. 

Mendoza,  a  city  in  the  Argentine  Republic,  ple.as.antly 
situated  on  a  level  plain  on  the  E.  declivity  of  the  Para- 
millo  range,  2891  feet  above  sea-level,  lat.  32°  53'  S.,  Ion. 
68°  45'  W.,about  55  miles  E.S.E.  from  the  volcano  of  Acon- 
cagua. It  is  compact,  well  built,  for  the  most  part  of  sun- 
burnt bricks  plastered  and  whitewashed,  and  contains  some 
fine  buildings.  The  houses  have  gardens  and  orchards  at- 
tached to  them.  In  1869  it  was  overthrown  by  an  earth- 
quake. Mendoza  is  an  entrepot  for  the  trade  between 
Buenos  Ayres  and  Chili,  with  which  latter  it  communicates 
by  the  mountain-p.asses  of  Uspallata  and  Portillo.  P.  20,000. 

Mendrisio,  mSn-dree'se-o,  the  most  southern  town  of 
Switzerland,  canton  of  Ticino,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Como,  with 
2337  inhabitants,  a  college,  and  a  Capuchin  convent. 

Meuee'ly,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.,  in  Michi- 
gan township,  on  the  Frankfort  &  Kokomo  Railroad.  It 
has  a  church. 

Menekau'ne,  a  post-village  of  Oconto  co.,  Wis.,  on 
Green  Bay,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Menomonee  River,  21  miles 
N.E.  of  Oconto,  and  1  mile  E.  of  the  Chicago  &,  Northwest- 
ern Railroad.     It  is  1  mile  from  Marinette  Station. 

Men'ert,  a  station  on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  4 
Western  Railroad,  13  miles  E.  of  Pekin,  111. 

Menes,  mi'nfish',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  and  12 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Arad.     It  has  a  fine  castle.     Pop.  6601. 

Menetou-Saion,  md,'neh-too'-sa,-16ij<'',  a  market-town 
of  France,  in  Cher,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bourges.    Pop.  962. 

Menfi,  mfin'fee,  Memfi,  mSm'fee,  or  Menfrici,  mfin- 
free'chee,  a  town  of  Sicily,  8  miles  N.AV.  of  Sciaeea.  P.  9542. 

Meng^doon',  a  town  of  British  Burmah,  province  of 
Pegu.    Pop.  4194. 


HEN 


1800 


MEN 


Mengeuv  mdnj^'^n,  a  town  of  WUrtoinborg,  on  the 
Danube,  0  inile«  S.U.  uf  Siginariuj^cn.     Pup.  2204. 

Mengeringhtiuseitt  mdng'vr-ing-hOw'zfn,  a  town  of 
Gormany,  12  uiilo«  N.  of  Waldook.     Pup.  1413. 

Mengc^s  (miagi)  JUills*  a  station  in  York  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  Hanover  &  York  llailrood,  IS  luiles  S.W.  of  York. 

Menie,  mo'noo,  or  Seymour  (soo'iuQr)  £astf  a  post- 
Tillage  in  Northumberland  co.,  Ontario,  24  miles  N.W.  of 
Belleville.     It  oontains  2  stores.     Pop.  160. 

Itten'ifee*  a  county  in  the  E.  ]>art  of  Kentucky,  Is 
dniincd  by  the  Licking  and  Red  Rivers.  Area,  160  square 
miles.  The  surface  is  mostly  covered  with  fure^ts.  Indian 
forn,  oats,  and  grass  are  staples.  It  is  partly  traversed  by 
the  Kentucky  &  South  Atlantic  Railroad.  Capital,  Frenoh- 
burj;.     Pop.  in  1870,  lOSfi;  in  1880,  3765:  in  1890.  4006. 

lUeniUf  moh-n&:<«'  (Floin.  Meenen,  m^'n^n),  a  town  of 
Belgium,  in  West  Flanders,  on  the  Lys,  and  on  the  French 
frontier,  7  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Courtrai.  Pop.  8C2S.  It 
has  manufactures  of  laco,  woollen  stuQV,  and  tubacco, 

illciycel,  Meivjile,  min-Jeel',  or  Menzil,min-zccl', 
a  village  of  Persia,  province  of  Ghilan,  on  the  ooulines  of 
Irak-AJomeo,  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  lloshd. 

Jlleu'lo  Park,  a  post-village  of  San  Mateo  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  Southern  Paciho  Railroad,  33  miles  S.S.E.  of  San 
Francisco. 

Menlo  Purk,  a  post-hamlet  of  Middlesex  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Rivritan  township,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  New 
Brunswick  with  Kew  Y'ork,  7  miles  E.  of  the  former. 

Meiinetou- 8ur- Cher,  mdn^n^h-too'-siiit-sbaiR,  a 
town  of  P'rance,  in  Loir-et-Cber,  on  the  Cher.     Pop.  1066. 

Menncvrct,  mSn'ngh-vri',  a  village  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Aisno,  arrondissement  of  Vervins.     Pop.  2206. 

Meiinighiiffen,  mdn'niG-hurf^n,  a  village  of  Prussia, 
in  Westphalia,  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Minden.     Pup.  2141. 

Mennikorl,  raSn-no-koul',  a  village  of  Russia,  in  Es- 
thonia,  14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Wescnberg.     Pop.  2000. 

Aleu'no,  a  post-township  of  Mifflin  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1173. 
Meuno  Post-Offico  is  16  miles  S.W.  of  Lowistown,  and  is  in 
Kishacoquillas  Valley. 

Men'okcu,  a  post-oflice  of  Shawnee  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Kansas  Pacific  Railroail,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Topeka. 

Mcnola,  the  ancient  name  of  Yklbz  Malaga. 

Menom'inec,  a  county  of  Michigan,  is  the  most  south- 
ern part  of  the  upper  peninsula.  Area,  about  1360  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  Green  Bay,  and  on 
the  S.W.  by  the  Menominee  River.  It  is  also  drained  by 
Cedar  River.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and  extensively  cov- 
ered with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  Lumber  is  the 
chief  article  of  export.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  & 
Northwestern  and  Milwaukee  &  Northern  Railroads.  Cap- 
ital, Menominee.  Pop.  in  1870,175*1;  in  1874,  3490;  in 
1880,  11,987;  in  1890,  33,639. 

Menominee,  a  station  of  Jo  Daviess  co.,  III.,  on  the 
Illinois  Central  Railroad,  and  on  the  Mississippi  River,  8 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Galena. 

Menominee,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Menominee  co., 
Mich.,  is  on  Green  Bay,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Menominee 
Biver,  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the  Chicago 
&  Northwestern  Railroad,  62  miles  N.N.E.  of  the  city  of 
Green  Bay.  It  has  2  banks,  a  court-house,  2  newspaper 
offices,  5  churches,  a  town  hall,  a  blast-furnace,  6  lumber- 
mills,  a  brewery,  and  a  planing-mill.  Pup.  in  1890, 10,630  ; 
of  the  township,  additioi'.al,  1666. 

Menominee,  a  post-office  of  Cedar  co..  Neb. 

Menomonee,  or  Menomonie,  a  post-village,  capi- 
tal of  Dunn  oo..  Wis.,  in  Menomonee  township,  on  the  Red 
Cedar  River,  2  miles  S.  of  the  West  Wisconsin  Railroad 
(Menomonee  Station),  26  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Eau  Claire, 
and  about  42  miles  E.N.E.  of  Red  Wing,  Minn.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house,  7  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  saw- 
mill, and  2  fine  public  school  building!',  and  has  an  extensive 
trade  in  lumber.    Pop.  (1890)  5491 ;  of  the  township,  7124. 

Menomonee,  township,  Waukesha  co.,  Wis.    P.  2348. 

3Icnomonee  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Menomonee 
township,  Waukesha  co..  Wis.,  on  a  creek  of  the  same  name, 
3  miles  from  Granville  Railroad  Station,  and  about  16  miles 
N.AV.  of  Milwaukee.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school, 
and  manufactures  of  farming-implements  and  of  sash  and 
blinds.     Pop.  about  400. 

Menom'onee  (or  Menominee)  River  is  formed 
by  the  Michigamie  and  Bois  BruI6  Rivers,  which  unite  on 
the  boundary  between  Wisconsin  and  the  upper  peninsula 
of  Michigan.  It  runs  in  a  S.S.E.  direction,  forms  the 
boundary  between  Oconto  co..  Wis.,  and  Menominee  co., 
Mich.,  and  enters  Green  Bay  at  the  village  of  Menom- 
inee. The  main  stream  is  about  125  milc;i  long.  See  also 
HnD  Cedar  River. 


Menom'onco  River,  a  small  river  of  Wisconiin.  rixsi 
in  Washington  oo.,  runs  8outliciu>!tward,  and  cniurt  tti*  Mil. 
waukee  River  at  its  mouth  at  the  city  of  Milwaukee. 

Mcno'na  Lake,  Wisconsin,  is  one  of  the  ohi\in  of 
Four  Lakes  in  Dane  co.,  and  was  formerly  called  Third 
Lake.  It  touches  the  S.E.  part  of  the  city  of  Moditon  nod 
is  less  than  a  mile  distant  from  Lake  Mendota.  It  ii  abi)ui 
6  miles  long  and  2  miles  wide.  A  short  outlet  or  etttk 
issues  from  it  and  enters  Lake  Waubesa. 

Menoof,  or  Mcnouf,  mfin-oof ,  a  town  of  Lower  Btrpt, 
in  Menoofeeyeh  province,  on  the  canal  which  connecti  lh» 
Bosetta  and  Damictta  branches  of  the  Nile,  3U  uiloi 
N.N.W.  of  Cairo.  It  has  indigo-works,  a  manufactura  of 
mats,  and  a  government  school. 

Mcn'oofcc'yeh,  or  Mcunfich,  men*oo-fce'y»b.  t 
province  of  Lower  Egypt,  bounded  E.  in  part  by  the  eettcra 
arm  and  traversed  by  tne  western  arm  of  the  Nile.  Chief 
towns,  Menoof  and  Sheybeen,  the  capital.     Pop.  449,347 

Menorca,  an  island"  of  Spain,    fcoe  Mi.vouca. 

Meno'ti,  a  post-office  of  Buona  Wfta,  co.,  Iowa. 

Mvnovghat,  a  town  of  Asia.    See  Manavoh.it. 

Mens,  m&:4»,  a  town  of  France,  in  Isdre,  25  mtiei  S.  o( 
Grenoble.     Pop.  1951. 

Mcnseiinsk,  or  Mcnzelinsk,  mSn'z$h-Iinsk\  atowo 
of  Russia,  on  the  Ik,  an  atlluent  of  the  Kama,  goveruuicat 
and  135  miles  N.W.  of  Oofa.    Pop.  4879. 

Mensl'elden,  m£ns'fdl-d^n,  a  village  of  Prunia,  It 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Nassau.     Pop.  1014. 

Menshieh,  or  £1  Menshieh,  £1  min'sbee'fh  (ant, 
Piolema'is),  a  town  of  Upper  Egypt,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Girgeh,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Nile.  It  has  nitre-worki 
and  a  government  cotton-factory. 

Mens'trie,  a  village  of  Scotland,  cos.  of  Clackmaaua 
and  Perth,  3  miles  E.N.E.  of  Stirling.     Pop.  518. 

Mentcith,  Scotland.     See  Moxtkitii. 

Menton,  m6N»H6»\<>'  (It.  Mentonc,  mSn-to'ni),  a  tow« 
of  France,  in  Alpes-Maritimes,  situated  on  the  Moditerrt. 
nean,  14  miles  in  direct  line  or  24  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of 
Nice.     It  is  a  favorite  sanitary  resort.     Pop.  11,000. 

Men'tor,  a  post-office  of  Bremer  co.,  Iowa,  about  20 
miles  N.E.  of  Waverly. 

Mentor,  a  post-village  of  Lake  co.,  0.,  in  Mentor  town- 
ship, on  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  23  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cler»- 
land,  and  6  miles  S.W.  of  Paincsville.  It  has  2  cbarcbei 
and  a  graded  school.  Pop.  about  600.  The  township  \m 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake  Erie,  and  contains  a  suiouier 
resort  named  Little  Mountain.     Pop.  in  1890,  1650. 

Mentor,  a  township  of  Clark  co..  Wis.    Pop.  654. 

Mcntrida,  mfin-treo'D4,  a  town  of  Spain,  provinoeand 
27  miles  N.W.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  2679. 

Mentz,  mdnts  (anc.  Moyuntiacum  or  Mogontlncum ; 
Ger.  Mainz,  mints;  Fr.  Mayetice,  mi^y6NSs'),  a  city  of 
Hesse,  capital  of  Rhein-IIessen,  on  the  left  bank  of  th« 
Rhine,  opposite  to  the  mouth  of  the  Main,  and  20  milei 
W.S.W.  of  Frankfort,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  rail- 
way. It  is  a  fortress,  and  has  a  garrison  of  800  men. 
The  city,  situated  partly  on  a  flat  and  partly  on  an  ac- 
clivity, rises  up  gradually  from  the  Rhine,  in  the  form  of 
an  amphitheatre.  It  is  walled,  flanked  with  bastions,  and 
defended  besides  by  a  citadel  and  several  forts  and  out- 
works. A  bridge  of  boats,  above  1600  feet  long,  connecU 
it  with  its  suburb  of  Castel.  The  houses  are  genomliy 
lofty,  and  have  often  a  venerable  and  noble  appearance;: 
but,  as  many  of  the  streets  are  narrow,  they  exclude  both 
air  and  light,  and  give  several  quarters  of  the  town  a  dark,| 
confined  look.  The  Neue  Anlage,  outside  the  gates,  iJ  the; 
principal  promenade,  consisting  of  extensive  public  gar- 
dens, well  laid  out,  and  commanding  fine  views  of  the  city 
and  surrounding  district.  The  principal  edifices  are  the 
cathedral,  a  vast  building  of  red  sandstone,  finished  in  the 
eleventh  century,  the  merchants'  hall,  formerly  the  elee-j 
toral  palace,  the  old  collegiate  church  of  St.  Stephen,  occu-i 
pying  the  highest  site  in  the  city,  the  church  of  St.  Peter, 
the  Deutsche  Haus,  now  the  governor's  palace,  Ihoforuiei; 
Dalbcrgische  Palais,  now  used  by  the  courts  of  justice,  tb« 
library  buildings,  containing,  in  addition  to  the  library,  a 
museum,  with  several  good  collections,  antiquities,  philofo- 
phical  and  chirurgical  apparatus,  pictures,  <te.  One  of  w 
interesting  objects  in  the  town  is  the  site  of  the  houjc  ot 
Gutenberg,  the  inventor  of  movable  types.  The  site  i«  do» 
occupied  by  the  Casino,  or  reading-room,  and  the  roomi  ol 
a  literary  association.  An  admirable  bronze  statue  ol 
Gutenberg,  by  Thorwaldsen,  stands  in  an  open  spivce  n»i 
the  theatre.  The  manufactures  consist  chiefly  of  Icatlcr 
soap,  hats,  glue,  vinegar,  tobacco,  and  musical  instrumcnU 
The  trade,  particularly  transit,  is  extensive,  being  grcal^! 
facilitated  both  by  water  communication  and  railffa/i  *" 


MEN 


1807 


MER 


b,  in  recent  times  greatly  increased.  The  principal  arti- 
fil  are  wine,  corn,  and  wood.  Mentz  owes  its  foundation 
t(t  Roman  camp,  which  was  converted  into  a  permanent 
bWark  and  became  the  most  important  of  a  line  of  forts 
bit  along  the  Rhine.  On  the  decline  of  the  power  of 
Epe  it  was  almost  entirely  destroyed,  but  it  was  afterwards 
.Hwred,  and  became  the  first  ecclesiastical  city  of  the  Ger- 
m  Empire,  of  which  its  archbishop-elector  ranked  as  the 
pbier  prince.     Pop.  in  1880,  61,328;  in  1890,  72,281. 

lentz,  a  township  of  Cayuga  cc,  N.Y.  Pop.  2303.  It 
c4ains  Port  Byron. 

lenutieli,  Egypt.    See  MENooFEEVF.n. 

Icnus,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Main. 

Icnuthius  (Insula).    See  Zanzibau. 

leuyhard,  the  native  name  for  MANNEusDonF. 

lenzaleh,  m6n^zi'I§h,  one  of  the  great  lagoons  of 
Lfer  Egypt,  immediately  S.E.  of  Damietta,  separated  by 
a  irrow  sand-bank  from  the  Mediterranean,  with  which  it 
ctwnunicates  by  3  openings.  Length,  60  miles;  greatest 
brldth,  25  miles.  It  receives  the  Polusiac  and  Tanitio 
briches  of  the  Nile.  The  Menzaleh  Canal  from  this  lake 
jqs  the  Nile  N.  of  the  town  of  Mansoorah. 

lenznlch,  a  town  of  Lower  Egypt,  on  the  S.  bank  of 
thjlako  of  the  same  name,  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Damietta. 

jenzelinsk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Menselixsk. 

JCiizil,  a  village  of  Persia.     See  Menjeel. 

^eiizingen,  mSnt'sing-?n,  a  market-town  of  Baden, 
IQiiles  N.E.  of  Carlsruhe.     Pop.  1505. 

Iciizin^eii,  m6nt'sing-en,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  oan- 
toknd  4  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ziig.     Pop.  2211. 

leor^is,  sup])osed  ancient  name  of  Mo.iacar. 

Icppel,  mfip'p?!,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  province 
ofbrenthe,  on  the  llavelter,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Assen. 
H  7378. 

Ieppun,  m6p'p?n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  44 
3  N.W.  of  Osnaburg,  on  the  Ems.     Pop.  3128. 
ep'pen,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calhoun  co..  111.,  15  miles 
f  Jerseyvillc. 

lequinenza,  mi-ke-nfin'thi  (anc.  Octoge'nn),  a  town 
amfort  of  Spain,  province  and  60  miles  S.S.E.  of  lluesca, 
onie  EUro,  at  the  influx  of  the  Segre.     Pop.  2890. 

iequinez,  orMekinez,  mdk'^-nfiz,  sometimes  writ- 
tciMekiiies,  or  Meknas,  a  city  of  Morocco,  province 
nn^4  miles  W.S.W.  of  Fez.  Pop.  60,000.  It  stands  in  a 
fcrie  valley,  is  large,  better  built  than  Morocco,  and  has 
a  ;ilace  considered  the  finest  in  Morocco,  and  often  the 
resience  of  the  emperor. 

.je'quon,  a  township  of  Ozaukee  co..  Wis.  Pop.  3139. 
It  'pntains  Mequon  River,  and  is  bounded  E.  by  Lake 
Miiiigan.  Mequon  Railroad  Station  is  on  the  Milwaukee, 
Laji  Shore  <fc  Western  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Ozaukee. 

ijequon  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ozaukee  co.,  Wis., 
in  ijequon  township,  on  the  Milwaukee  River,  near  the 
Wijonsin  Central  Railroad,  2\  miles  from  Mequon  Station, 
anii  mile  S.  of  Thiensville  Station.     It  has  a  brewery. 

]jer,  main,  a  French  word  signifying  "sea,"  as  Meu 
DE|LACE  ("Sea  of  Ice"),  the  name  of  one  of  the  glaciers 
of  ont  Blanc;  jNIeii  Moute  ("  Dead  Sea") ;  Mer  Noire 
("jack  Sea") ;  Mer  Rouge  ("Red  Sea"),  <fec. 

ier,  miR,  or  Mcnars-la-Vilie,  m?h-naR'-l4-veel', 
a  tp  of  France,  in  Loir-et-Cher,  on  the  Orleans  <fc  Tours 
Ra;vay,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Blois.  It  has  manufactures  of 
wa|  lime,  leather,  and  ropes.     Pop.  3467. 

Jpr  and  Scr,  two  contiguous  summits  of  the  Iliraa- 
laj|,  in  the  N.  part  of  the  Punjab,  in  lat.  34°  N.,  Ion.  76° 
E.^th  conical  and  of  nearly  the  same  height,  but,  while 
fm<^  white  with  snow,  the  other  is  uniformly  bare. 

Icra,  m4'roh\  Also,  orsho',  and  Felsc!,  f5l'sho\  two 
nc*|y  contiguous  villages  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Aba  Uj  Var, 
4  iijes  from  Forro.     Pop.  1180. 

ijprabiug,  m6r-i-bing',  a  town  of  South  Africa,  capi- 
tal r  the  territory  of  the  Mantetis,  in  the  interior,  N.W.  of 
Degoa  Bay.  It  occupies  the  summit  of  a  long  but  narrow 
rid  ,  and  forms  an  important  stronghold. 

Jcr  Adriatique.     See  Adriatic. 

Ifer'amec,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  907. 
It  jn tains  Midland. 

|sranicc,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Mo.   Pop.  1480. 

Iferamec,  a  township  of  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  2436. 
It  jintains  Glencoe. 

fcramec  Iron-Works,  Missouri.    See  Maramec. 

i(Braniec  River,  Missouri.    See  Maramec. 

])Bramec  Station,  or  Nasby,  a  village  of  St.  Louis 
eo.jlo.,  in  Bonhomme  township,  on  the  Maramec  River,  and 
•n(ie  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  19  miles  W.  by  S.  of  St. 
liojj.  It  has  manufactures  of  flour  and  wagons.  Hero  is 
Na  y  Post-Office 


Meramichi.    See  Miramichi. 

Meran,  mi'rin,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Tyrol,  15  miles 
N.W.  of  Botzen,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Adige.  Pop.  4229. 
It  has  2  monasteries,  a  college,  and  a  seminary.  Near  it 
is  the  mountain-fortress  of  Tyrol. 

Merande,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Mehrand. 

Merapi,  md-ri'pee\  a  volcano  of  Java,  district  of  Ka- 
doe.     It  was  in  violent  eru])tion  September  14  to  17,  1S49. 

Merapi,  an  active  volcano  in  the  island  of  Sumatra, 
near  the  W.  coast.  Lat.  0°  24'  S. ;  Ion.  100°  30'  E.  It  U 
about  9700  feet  high. 

Mer'asheen',  a  hamlet  in  Newfoundland,  on  the  S. 
portion  of  an  island  of  the  same  name,  18  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Placentia.     Pop.  180.     The  island  is  21  miles  long. 

Merate,  mi-ri'td,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  18  miles 
S.E.  of  Como,  with  a  magnificent  palace.     Pop.  2532. 

Merawe,  a  tract  of  Nubia.     See  Merge. 

Merbes-le-Chateau,  m^Rb-l^h-shiVto',  a  village  of 
Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Mons,  on  the  Sam- 
bre.     Pop.  1150. 

Mcrbidery«  m^r^be-dSr'ree,  a  town  of  British  India, 
presidency  of  Madras,  in  South  Canara,  17  miles  N.E.  of 
Mangaloro,  and  with  various  handsome  Jain  pagodas,  ita 
population  being  chiefly  of  the  Jain  sect. 

Mer  Blanche,  the  French  for  the  AViitte  Sea. 

Mercadal,  m6u-kS,-dir,  atownof  the  Balearic  Islands, 
Minorca,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Port  Mahon.     Pop.  4000. 

Mercara,  or  Merkara,  mSr-ki'ri,  also  called  AIadi> 
kere,  a  fortified  town  of  India,  capital  of  the  province  of 
Coorg,  and  of  the  Mercara  district,  67  miles  W.  of  Seringa- 
patam.  It  has  a  cool  and  healthful  climate.  Pop.  8146. 
The  district  of  Mercara  has  an  area  of  265  square  miles. 
Pon.  168,312. 

Mercatello,  m^R-kl-tSl'lo,  a  town  of  Italj',  15  miles 
W.S.AV.  of  Urbino,  on  the  Metauro.     Pop.  2269. 

Mercato-Sarraceno,  m5R-ka,'to-san-Ri-chi'no,  a 
town  of  Italy,  province  and  21  miles  S.S.E.  of  Forli.  P.  6532. 

Merced,  mer-sAd',  a  county  of  California,  is  near  the 
middle  of  the  state.  Area,  about  2270  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  San  Joaquin  River,  which  runs  N.W., 
and  also  drained  by  the  Mariposa  and  Merced  Rivers,  and 
is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Coast  Range  of  mountains. 
The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cattle,  wool,  wheat,  and  barley 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  several 
branches  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  two  of  which 
meet  at  Merced,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  2807;  in  1880, 
5656;  in  1890,  8085. 

Merced,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Merced  co.,  Cal.,  ott' 
the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  67  miles  S.E.  of  Stockton. 
It  is  in  the  great  Sacramento  Valley,  which  is  almost  tree- 
less. It  contains  a  court-house,  5  churches,  2  banks,  a 
newspaper  office,  several  other  publishing-houses,  a  hotel, 
planing' mills,  a  flour-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  and  manufiic- 
turcs  of  wagons,  soda-water,  shoes,  &c.  Great  quantities 
of  wheat  (the  staple  product  of  Merced  co.)  are  shipped 
here.     Pop.  in  1880,  1446;  in  1890,  2009. 

Mercedes,  mdu-si'dds,  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Re- 
public, 70  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Buenos  Ayres.  Pop.  4080. 
It  carries  on  an  active  trade  with  Montevideo. 

Mercedes,  a  town  of  Uruguay,  on  the  Rio  Negro,  150' 
miles  N.W.  of  Montevideo.  It  has  many  elegant  build- 
ings, and  a  large  trade  in  wool  and  cattle-products,  and  is 
noted  .as  .a  resort  for  invalids,  the  waters  of  the  river  at  this- 
point  being  considered  medicinal.     Pop.  5000. 

Merced  (mer-sdd')  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Merced  co.,- 
Cal.,  on  the  Merced  River,  6  miles  above  Snolling.  It  has 
a  flour-mill  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Merced  River,  California,  rises  in  the  Sierra  Nevada, 
and  is  formed  by  two  branches,  called  respectively  the  Mer- 
ced and  the  Tenaya  Fork.  It  runs  through  the  Yosemito 
Valley  for  a  distance  of  about  8  miles.  In  the  up])er  part 
of  the  valley  or  canon  it  descends  more  than  2000  feet  in  a 
distance  of  2  miles.  A  little  above  the  mouth  of  the  To- 
naya  Fork  the  Merced  forms  two  cataracts,  called  the  Ne- 
vada Fall  and  Vernal  Fall,  the  first  of  which  has  a  vertical 
descent  of  639  feet.  After  it  issues  from  the  Yosemito 
Valley  the  river  runs  nearly  westward  through  Mariposa 
CO.,  and  enters  the  San  Joaquin  River  in  Merced  co.  Its 
length  is  estimated  at  160  miles.  Gold  is  found  near  this 
river.     See  Nevada  Fall. 

Mercenasco,  mfiR-chi-nils'ko,  or  Marcenasco, 
maR-chA-nis'ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Turin,  6 
miles  from  Ivrea.     Pop.  of  commune,  2164. 

Mercer,  a  northwestern  county  of  Illinois,  borders  on' 
Iowa.  .\rea,  about  555  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
W.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  is  intersected  by  Edward's 
and  Pope's  Creeks.     The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  di- 


MER 


1808 


MER 


Tcr.'illed  with  prairies  nnd  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  In- 
dian corn,  wheat,  oats,  horses,  cattle,  bay,  and  porlc  are  the 
staple  products.  M  inos  of  bituminous  coal  have  been  opened 
in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Uurlington 
A  Quinoy  and  Rook  Island  A  Peoria  Railroads.  Capital, 
Aledo.  Pup.  in  1870,  18,769;  in  1880,  19,502;  in  1800, 
18,646. 

Mercer,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Kentucky,  has 
an  area  of  about  250  souare  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.B.  by  the  Kentuoky  River,  and  also  drained  by  Dick's 
River,  Chaplin  River,  and  the  East  Fork  of  Salt  River. 
The  scenery  along  the  Kentucky  and  Dick's  Rivers  in  this 
county  is  very  grand  and  picturesque.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating and  partly  covered  with  forests  of  oak,  walnut, 
beech,  poplar,  pine,  ash,  hickory,  and  sugar-maple.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  tobacco,  hcuip,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  Silurian  limestone  underlies 
part  of  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Louisville 
Southern  Railroad  and  the  Cincinnati,  Now  OrlcanH  A 
Texas  Pacific  Railroad,  both  of  which  connect  with  llar- 
rodsburg,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,144;  in  1880, 
14,142;  in  1890,  15,034. 

Mercer,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Missouri,  bordering 
on  Iowa,  has  an  area  of  about  484  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Weldon  River,  and  also  drained  by  Medi- 
cine Creek  and  the  Crooked  Fork  of  Grand  River.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  for- 
ests of  the  oak,  walnut,  sugar-maple,  <fcc.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile. Indian  corn,  oats,  wheat,  cattle,  hay,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Chi- 
cago, Hock  Island  &  Pacific  and  Des  Moines  &  Kansas 
City  Railroads,  the  former  of  which  passes  through  Prince- 
ton, the  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,657;  in 
1880,  14,673;  in  1890,  14,581. 

Mercer,  a  county  of  New  Jersey,  is  near  the  middle  of 
the  state.  Area,  about  225  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.W.  by  the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the  N.E.  by  the 
Millstone  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Assunpink  Creek. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile. Indian  corn,  oats,  wheat,  hay,  butter,  and  potatoes 
are  the  staple  products.  Among  the  forest-trees  are  the  oak, 
hickory,  and  chestnut.  This  county  has  quarries  of  red 
sandstone,  a  good  material  for  building.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  and  the  Philadelphia  &  Read- 
ing Railroad,  also  by  the  Delaware  &  Raritan  Canal.  Both 
of  the  above-named  railroads  communicate  with  Trenton, 
the  capital  of  the  county  and  of  the  state.  Pop.  in  1870, 
46,386;  in  1880,  58,061;  in  1890,  79,978. 

Mercer,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  North 
Dakota,  has  an  area  of  711  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  and  £.  by  the  Missouri  River,  and  intersected 
by  the  Knife  River.    Capital,  Stanton.     Pop.  in  1890,  428. 

Mercer,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Ohio,  borders  on 
Indiana.  Area,  about  460  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Wabash  and  St.  Mary's  Rivers.  The  surface  is 
nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  dense  forests 
of  the  ash,  elm,  beech,  white  oak,  black  walnut,  sugar-ma- 
ple, and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian 
corn,  oats,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Lake  Erie  &,  Western,  Cincinnati^ 
Dayton  &  Ohio,  and  Cincinnati,  Jackson  &  Mackinaw  Rail- 
roads. Capital,  Celina.  Pop.  in  1870,  17,254;  in  ISSO, 
21,808;  in  1890,  27,220. 

Mercer,  a  western  county  of  Pennsylvania,  bordering 
on  Ohio,  has  an  area  of  about  660  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Shenango  River,  and  also  drained  by  Ne- 
shannock,  French,  Pyraatuning,  and  Sandy  Creeks.  The 
surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it 
is  covered  with  forests  of  the  pine,  ash,  sugar-maple,  hick- 
ory, oak,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Butter,  hay, 
oats,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  lumber,  and  flax  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  has  abundance  of  good  bituminous 
block  coal,  iron  ore,  and  limestone.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  the  New  York,  Lake  Erie  & 
Western  Railroad,  the  Pittsburg,  Shenango  &  Lake  Erie 
Railroad,  and  other  railroads.  Capital,  Mercer.  Sharon 
is  the  largest  town.  Pop.  in  1870,  49,977  ;  in  1880,  56,161 ; 
in  1890,  55,744. 

Mercer,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  West  Virginia,  has  an 
area  of  about  420  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
New  or  Kanawha  River,  and  is  intersected  by  Blue  Stone 
River.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  m6untains,  fertile 
valleys,  and  extensive  forests.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and 
grass  are  the  staple  products.  Among  the  forest-trees  is  the 
sugar-maple.  This  county  is  traversed  by  two  branches  of 
the  Norfolk  &  Western  Railroad.  Capital,  Princeton.  Pop. 
in  1870,  7064;  in  1880,  7467;  in  1890,  16,002. 


tow 
church 


Mercer,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  (n  Mstm* 

iTn»hip,  about  30  miles  N.  by  W.of  Augusta.    U  (uH 
urches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  846.  * 

Mercer,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  0.,  on  the  Toledo. 
Dolphos  A  Burlington  lUiilroad,  21  miles  N.N.E.  of  DelnW 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  73.  P"** 

Mercer,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  478, 

Mercer,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Mercer  co.,  Pa  oi 
Noshannock  Crock,  and  on  the  Shcnangu  *  Allo|th»B, 
Railroad  whore  it  crosses  the  New  Castle  A  Franklin  Rail- 
road, about  15  miles  E.  of  Sharon,  20  miles  N.N.E  of  Ksw 
Castle,  and  56  miles  N.  by  Vf.  of  Pittsburg.  It  coiiUini  t 
court-house,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  2  no\r«|i«Mr 
oflices,  4  churches,  and  a  union  school.     Pop.  (18«0)  2138 

Mercer  Salt- Works,  a  post-office  of  Summori  an' 
W.  Va.,  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ilinton.  "• 

Mercer's  llottom,  a  nost-oflice  of  Mason  co.,  W.  Vs. 

Mer'cersburg,  a  post-borough  in  Montgomery  town- 
ship,  Franklin  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Southern  Pcnnaylvani* 
Railroad,  20i  miles  S.W.  of  Chambcrsburg.  It  contoiu  8 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  2  carriage- factori«8,  t 
female  seminary,  and  the  Morcersburg  College  (IlcformsJ) 
which  was  organized  in  1865,     Pop.  971. 

Merccrsburg  Junction,  a  station  in  Franklin  ». 
Pa.,  on  the  Southern  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  at  the  juiKs 
tion  of  the  branch  loading  to  Mercorsburg,  which  ii  2} 
miles  distant. 

Mercer's  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Comanche  co.,  Tex. 

Mercer  Station,  a  post-hamlct  of  Muhlenburg  co 
Ky.,  on  the  Louisville  <fc  Paducah  Railroad,  3  milot  N.w! 
of  Greenville. 

Mer'cerville,  a  hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  N.J.,  4  or  S 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Trenton. 

3Iercerville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gallia  ro.,  0.,  In  Oaysa 
township,  about  13  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Gallipolis.  It  bsi  S 
churches. 

Mercerville,  a  post-hamlot  of  Louisa  co.,Va.,  12  mllei 
E.N.E.  of  Louisa  Court-House. 

Mer'chantville,  a  post-borough  of  Camden  co.,  NJ, 
in  Stockton  township,  4  miles  E.  of  the  city  of  Camden, 
with  which  it  is  connected  by  both  steam  and  electric  rail- 
ways.  It  has  5  churches,  numerous  handsome  residence.', 
and  a  hotel.     Pop.  in  1880,  429;  in  1890,  1225. 

Merchantville,  a  post-village  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y  , 
in  Thurston  township,  about  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Elmim. 
It  is  6  miles  W.  of  Campbell  Station.  It  has  2  cburchd, 
a  lumber-mill,  3  stores,  and  2  carriage-shops. 

Merchingen,  mdrK'ing-^n,  a  village  of  Baden,  eirelt 
of  Lower  Rhine,  on  the  Kcssach.     Pop.  1135. 

Merchtcm,  mfiiiK't^m,  a  village  of  Belgium,  prorines 
of  Ea«t  Flanders,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Furncs.     Pop.  4886. 

Mercia,  mer'she-a  (anc.  Fla'via  Canarieu'tii),  one  of 
the  old  kingdoms  of  the  Saxon  heptarchy,  occupying  ths 
centre  of  England,  and  comprising  all  the  modern  counties 
between  tho  Thames  on  the  S.,  Yorkshire  and  Lancoshirs 
on  tho  N.,  the  kingdoms  of  East  Anglia  and  Essex  on  tba 
E.,  and  Wales  on  the  W.  It  was  the  largest  and  one  of 
the  most  powerful  states  of  the  Sa.xon  confederacy,  and  wai 
founded  in  582,  from  which  period  it  remained  independent 
until  its  conquest  by  Egbert,  King  of  Wessex,  in  827.  Iti 
capital  city  was  Leicester. 

Merckem,  mfink'k^m,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Wwt 
Flanders,  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bruges,     Pop.  3536. 

Mercccur,  mflR^kun',  a  market-town  of  Franco,  in  Cor- 
rdze,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Tulle.     Pop.  1035. 

Mercogliano,  m6u-k61-y4'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  3  miles  W.  of  Avellino.     Pop.  3090. 

Mer'cur,  a  post-office  of  Bradford  co..  Pa. 

Mercurago,  m^n-koo-ri'go  (L.  Mercuriacum),  a  vil- 
lage of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  on  Lago  Maggiore,  1  mile  fn» 
Arona.     Pop.  1465. 

Mer'cury,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Ind.,  about  !• 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Anderson. 

Mer'cury  Bay,  New  Zealand,  on  tho  N.E.  sidoof  Nortk 
Island,  in  lat.  36°  48'  S.,  Ion.  175°  45'  E. 

Mercnry-Gemilly,  mfiR'kii'reo'-zh?h-mee'yce',«  Til- 
lage of  France,  in  Savoy,  2  miles  W.  of  Albert-\'ille.  i'^9- 
1678. 

Mercury  Islands,  a  group  oflf  the  N.E.  coast  of  tbo 
North  Island  of  New  Zealand.  Lat.  50°  36'  S.;  Ion.  IW 
50'  E.  Qroat  Mercury  and  Red  Mercury  are  the  larf^f. 
but  all  are  small.  Mercury  Bay  is  an  inlet  of  the  ^^ ' 
Zealand  coast,  just  S.  of  the  Mercury  Islands. 

Mer'curyville,  a  post-office  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal. 

Mer'cyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Macon  co..  Mo.,  sbot. 
20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Macon  City.     Pop.  79. 

Mcr  de  Glace  ("sea  of  ice").    See  Mo.nt  Blasc. 


MER 


1809 


MER 


er  des  Indes.    See  Indian  Ockan. 

.erdiu,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Mardekn. 

i^rdingen,  a  village  of  Germany.    See  MiiRDiNCEN. 

jerdrignac,  mflRMreen^yik',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Cflf-du-Nord,  15  miles  E.  of  Loudcac.     Pop.  878. 

Jier  du  Nord,  the  French  for  the  North  Sea. 

jbr  du  Sud,  a  French  name  for  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

ijere,  meer,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Wilts,  22  miles 
W.lW.  of  Salisbury.     Pop.  1382. 

JBr'edith,  a  post-hamlct  and  township  of  Cloud  co., 
Kalas,  about  35  miles  N.  of  Salina.    Pop.  of  township,  338. 

ibredith,  a  township  of  Belknap  co.,  N.II.  Pop. 
18C|    It  contains  Meredith  Centre  and  Meredith  Village. 

leredith,  a  post-village  in  Meredith  township,  Dela- 
waico.,  N.Y.,  6  miles  N.  of  Delhi,  and  66  miles  W.S.W. 
of  'bany.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  township,  1390. 

liBredith,  Venango  co.,  Pa.    See  Miller  Farm. 

r^redith  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Meredith  town- 
Bhi|I3elknap  co.,  N.H.,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Concord.  It 
hasi  church,  a  woollen-mill,  a  grist-mill,  <fcc. 

J^firedith  Hollow,  a  post-office  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y. 

]^|;redith  Village,  a  post-village  in  Meredith  town- 
shi]  Belknap  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  western  shore  of  Winnepo- 
•auie  Lake,  and  on  the  Boston,  Concord  &  Montreal  Rail- 
lDa|37  miles  N.  of  Concord.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high 
gcbp,  a  savings-bank,  a  grist-mill,  a  manufactory  of 
hosi'y,  a  saw-mill,  <fcc.  It  is  surrounded  by  beautiful 
scclry.     Pop.  in  1880,  850;  in  1890,  1642. 

Zl&r'edithville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brunswick  co.,  Va., 
abj;  22  miles  N.W.  of  Ilicksford.     It  has  2  churches. 

rbredosia,  mfir^c-do'shee-a,  a  post-village  in  Mere- 
dosj  township,  Morgan  co..  111.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the 
IlJijiis  River,  and  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  58  miles  W.  of 
Sprlgfield.  It  has  4  churches,  and  manufactures  of  flour 
andUmber.     Pop.  in  1890,  621 ;  of  the  township,  1349. 

J>;reud,  or  Mehrend,  Persia.    See  Mehrand. 

Ajretch,  Meretsch,  or  Mereez,  mi-rStch',  a  town 
of  lissia,  government  and  56  miles  S.W.  of  Vilna,  on  the 
Niejm.     Pop.  2800. 

Mjr6ville,  miVAVeel',  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Seine-et- 
Oiseji?  miles  S.  of  Paris.     It  has  a  fine  park.     Pop.  1641. 

ftSrewari,  m4-rA-wi'ree,  or  Maregiiare,  mi-ri- 
gwiji,  a  river  of  Guiana,  rises  about  lat.  4°  N.,  Ion.  65° 
AV.,  (id  unites  with  the  Erevato  to  form  the  Caura  an 
aflluit  of  the  Orinoco. 

fllirgan'ser,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lake  co.,  Oregon,  about 
50  It  3s  (direct)  N.E.  of  Mount  Shasta,  Cal.    It  has  a  hotel. 

i)J;rgenthal,  or  Gross  Mergenthal,  groce  min'- 
oh?rli\r,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  circle  of  Buntziau,  N.N.E. 
froti!|,eitomischl.     Pop.  1200. 

Altrgentheim,  m^R'ah^nt-hime^  or  Marienthal, 
mi-i|i!'§n-till*,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on  the  Tauber,  56 
milefJ.N.E.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  4021. 

M'ghem,  a  town  of  France.    See  Merville. 

Mf-ghen,  mfiR'gh^n,  a  town  of  Manchooria,  110  miles 
S.AV.if  Saghalin-Oola. 

Mtgozzo,  mSR-got'so,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Noviji,  5  miles  from  Pallanza.     Pop.  2056. 

Migui,  or  Merghi,  mSrVheo',  a  town  of  British  Bur- 
mah,ji  Tenasserira,  capital  of  Mergui  district,  on  an  island 
in  thllelta  of  the  Mergui  River,  near  the  sea.  Lat.  12°  27' 
N.;  b.  98°  42'  E.  It  has  a  good  port  for  small  vessels,  a 
hosp^l,  cantonments,  and  an  export  trade  in  sharks'  fins, 
trepajj,  ivory,  sapan-wood,  and  tortoise-shell.     Pop.  9877. 

*I;  gui,  the  southeasternmost  division  of  British  Bur- 
mah  ',nd  of  the  Anglo-Indian  empire,  in  Tenasserim, 
bounid  E.  by  Siam,  and  W.  by  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  in  which 
lie  nby  islands  belonging  to  the  district.  Area,  7760 
Bqnaifmiles.     Capital,  Mergui.     Pop.  47,192. 

M'lida,  mfift'e-Di  (anc.  Emer'ita  Augus'tn),  a  city  of 
Spairiprovince  and  30  miles  E.  of  Badajos,  on  the  Guadi- 
ana,  (re  crossed  by  a  fine  Roman  bridge  of  81  arches  and 
2575  |3t  in  length.  It  has  a  large  convent,  2  churches,  2 
hospills,  and  a  prison,  and  is  remarkable  for  its  extensive 
Roiiiii  remains,  including  an  amphitheatre,  a  circus,  a  thea- 
tre, b{hs,  and  a  triumphal  arch  in  good  preservation.  Au- 
yuiiay.merita  was  founded,  25  B.C.,  by  a  Roman  general, 
nndoihe  Emperor  Augustus.  It  afterwards  became  the 
capitjj  )f  Lusitania,  and  the  most  magnificent  city  in  Roman 
SpairJ  It  capitulated  in  715  to  the  Moors,  from  whom  it 
was  lion  again  by  Alonzo  cl  Sabio  in  1229,  and  became 
attaolil  to  the  kingdom  of  Castile.  From  that  day  the 
proviio  and  city  date  their  decline.  Lat.  38°  51'  N. ;  Ion. 
6°  !5jV^.     Pop.  about  5500. 

Mijida,  meR'e-d4,  a  city  of  Mexico,  the  capit.al  of  Yuca- 
tan. \.  20°  50'  N.,  Ion.  89°  40'  W.,  26  miles  S.  of  the  port 
of  P^;re80,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  railroad.    It  is 


well  built  of  stone,  with  many  pleasant  open  squares,  and 
has  good  legislative  buildings,  a  college,  and  a  large  and 
growing  trade.  It  is  a  bishop's  see.  The  exports  are  sisal 
hemp,  hides,  deer-skins,  logwood,  <fco.  There  are  manufac- 
tures of  rope,  hammocks,  leather,  castings,  <tc.    Pop.  45,000. 

Merida,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  capital  of  the  state  of 
Los  Andes,  on  the  Chama,  310  miles  S.W.  of  Caracas. 
Before  its  destruction  by  an  earthquake  in  1812,  it  was  the 
largest  city  in  Venezuela;  and  it  is  again  flourishing, 
having  a  cathedral,  ecclesiastical  seminary,  and  college,  and 
woollen-manufactures.     It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  12,000. 

Meriden,  mer'i-d§n,  a  city  of  New  Haven  co.,  Conn., 
18  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Hartford,  and  18  miles  by  rail 
N.E.  of  New  Haven,  and  connected  by  rail  with  Cromwell 
and  Waterbury.  The  city  is  situated  partly  in  a  valley 
and  partly  on  a  hill.  It  is  known  as  the  Silver  City,  and 
is  one  of  the  most  enterprising  of  New  England's  cities. 
The  capital  invested  in  manufacturing  is  over  $10,000,000, 
the  annual  product  therefrom  exceeding  $25,000,000.  The 
manufactures  include  electro-plated  and  solid  silver-ware, 
brass  and  bronze  goods,  lamps,  chandeliers,  clocks,  tinware, 
cutlery,  steel,  steel  pens,  malleable  iron  goods,  firearms, 
organs,  cut-glass,  woollen  goods,  saddlery,  harness  and 
leather  goods,  power  and  stamping  presses,  coflee-mills,  <fec. 
The  Meriden  Britannia  Company  employs  nearly  1500  hands 
and  have  an  annual  output  of  over  $3,000,000.  Meriden 
contains  the  state  reform  school,  3  national  banks,  2  savings- 
banks,  18  churches,  high  and  graded  schools,  1  weekly  and 
3  daily  newspaper  ofiBces,  and  gas-  and  electric-light-works. 
The  streets  are  lighted  by  arc  lights.  Meriden  was  a  part 
of  Wallingford  from  1725  to  1806,  when  it  was  incorporated 
as  a  town.  It  was  made  a  city  in  1867.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship in  1890,  25,423;  of  the  city,  21,652. 

Meriden,  a  post-hamlet  in  Meriden  township.  La  Salle 
CO.,  111.,  80  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Chicago. 

Meriden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefi°erson  co.,  Kansas,  11 
miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Topeka. 

Meriden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steele  co.,  Minn.,  99  miles 
by  rail  AV.  of  Winona,  and  36  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Mankato. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  834. 

Meriden,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.II.,  7  miles 
S.  of  Lebanon  Station,  and  about  45  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Concord.  It  contains  2  churches  and  the  Kimball  Union 
Academy,  capable  of  accommodating  about  350  students. 

Meriden,  a  hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  in  Rockaway 
township,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Rockaway  Station. 

Meridian,  me-rid'e-an,  a  post-village  of  Sutter  co., 
Cal.,  on  the  Sacramento  River,  60  miles  above  Sacramento. 
It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  100. 

Meridian,  township,  McPherson  co.,  Kansas.     P.  328. 

Meridian,  a  station  of  Pendleton  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ken- 
tucky Central  Railroad,  29  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Covington. 

Meridian,  a  post-office  of  Union  parish,  La. 

Meridian,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Ingham  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  <fc  Northern  Railroad,  9  milea 
E.  of  Lansing.     Pop.  of  township,  1407. 

Meridian,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lauderdale  co., 
Miss.,  on  the  Mobile  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  135  miles  N.  by  W. 
of  Mobile,  96  miles  E.  of  Jackson,  and  107  miles  AV.  of 
Selma,  Ala.  It  is  the  E.  terminus  of  the  Vicksburg  <!; 
Meridian  Railroad,  and  the  S.W.  terminus  of  the  Alabama 
&  Chattanooga  Railroad.  It  contains  a  court-house,  8 
churches,  2  female  colleges,  2  banks,  a  cotton-factory,  a 
foundry  and  m.achine-shop,  and  has  manufactures  of  furni- 
ture, sash,  blinds,  <fcc.,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  1  tri- 
weekly and  3  weekly  newspapers.     Pop.  in  1890,  10,264. 

Meridian,  a  post-village  of  Jefierson  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
Little  Blue  River,  2i  miles  from  Alexandria  Station.  It 
has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Meridian,  a  post-village  in  Cato  township,  Cayuga  co., 
N.Y.,  2  miles  from  Cato  Railroad  Station,  and  about  18 
miles  N.  of  Auburn.  It  has  2  churches,  a  money-order 
post-office,  a  tannery,  a  foundry,  <fec. 

Meridian,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Bosque  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  Bosque  River,  45  miles  from  Waco,  about  124  milea 
N.  of  Austin,  and  10  miles  W.  of  the  Brazos  River.  It  has 
2  newspnper  offices,  and  an  academy.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Meridian,  a  post-village  of  Dunn  co..  Wis.,  in  Rock 
Creek  township,  on  the  Chippewa  River,  14  miles  below 
Eau  Claire.  It  has  a  church,  a  large  lumber-mill,  and  a 
shingle-mill.  Here  is  the  Meridian  Slough,  a  good  natural 
reservoir  for  logs.     Pop.  about  300. 

Merid'ianville,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Ala., 
about  9  miles  N.  of  Huntsville.  It  has  3  churches  and  1  or 
2  flour-mills. 

Meridional,  a  river  of  Brazil.    See  Ldiz-Alves. 

MerUgomish',  a  seaport  of  Nora  Scotia,  Pictou  co.,  on 


M£R 


1810 


MEll 


Northumborland  Strait,  13  mllea  E.  of  New  Glasgow.  It 
contains  2  stores  and  a  s&w-mitl.  Timber  is  ship])od  from 
this  jiort.  Coal  and  iron  are  found  in  extensive  beds  in  the 
Ficinity.    Ship-building  is  largely  engaged  in.     Pop.  400. 

Me  rim,  a  lake  of  South  America.     See  Minnt. 

Merino,  m^-roe'no,  a  village  in  Providence  oo.,  R.I., 
en  the  Providence  A  Springfield  llailrood,  'ii  miles  from 
Providence. 

Merion,  mfir'e-pn,  a  post-ofTice  of  Montgomery  eo.,  Pa., 
and  a  station  on  the  Phiiudelphia  A  Reading  Railroad,  19 
miles  N.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  is  on  the  Schuylkill  River, 
2  miles  above  Norristown. 

Merion,  a  station  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  5 
miles  W.  of  West  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Merioneth,  mfir'e-on'eth,  or  Mer'ion'cthshire,  a 
maritime  county  of  North  Wales,  having  W.  Cardigan  Hay. 
Area,  602  square  miles.  Surface  mountainous,  in  many 
parts  well  wooded,  and  intersected  by  fine  vales.  Principal 
summits,  Arran-Fowdy,  2955  feet,  and  Cador-Idris,  2914 
feet  in  height.  Principal  rivers,  the  Doe,  Maw,  and  Dyfl. 
Small  lakes  are  numerous,  and  that  of  Bala,  the  largest  in 
North  Wales,  is  in  this  county.  Soil  mostly  poor,  and 
suited  only  for  pasturage.  Welsh  ponies  of  the  purest  brood 
are  nearly  confined  to  this  county  and  Montgomeryshire. 
Mineral  products  are  slate  and  lime,  at  Corwen  and  Fos- 
tiniog,  with  some  lead  and  copper,  at  Barmouth,  Towyn,  Ac. 
Chief  towns,  Dolgelly  (the  capital),  Bala,  Harlech,  Corwen, 
and  Towyn.  It  sends  one  member  to  the  House  of  Com- 
mons.    Pop.  (1891)  49,204. 

Mer  lonienne,  the  French  name  of  the  Ionian  Sea. 

Merionville,.m6r'o-on-vll,  a  hamlet  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  Pa.,  i  mile  from  Merion  Station  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad.     It  has  a  church. 

Meritch,  a  town  of  India.    See  Meriiitch. 

Mer'iwether,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Georgia,  has 
an  area  of  about  550  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  Flint  River,  and  is  drained  by  several  creeks.  The 
surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  grass, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Several  medicinal  springs 
are  found  in  this  county.  The  Warm  Springs  discharge 
about  1400  gallons  in  a  minute,  and  have  a  tcmpernture  of 
90°  Fahr.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Central  of 
Georgia  Railroad  and  other  railroads.  Capital,  Greenville. 
Pop.  in  1870,  13,756;  in  1880,  17,651 ;  in  1890,  20,740. 

Meriwether,  a  post-hamlet  and  railroad  station  of 
Baldwin  co.,  Ga.,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Milledgeville.  It  lias  a 
church  and  a  grist-mill.  About  600  bales  of  cotton  are 
shijiped  here  annually. 

Merj   Iboo  Ameer,  Palestine.    See  Esdraelon. 

Mcrk,  mfink,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Szathmar. 
Pop.  1594. 

Mcrkah,  mdR'kl,  or  Mar'knh,  a  seaport  town  of  East 
Africa,  45  miles  S.W.  of  Magadoxo.  Pop.  about  .3000.  It 
Is  stone-built,  was  founded  by  Arab  traders,  and  belongs  to 
Zanzibar. 

Merkara,  a  town  of  India.    See  Mercara. 

Merkelsdorf,  mfiu'k^ls-doRr,  or  Merklinerhof, 
mdRk-lee'n§r-hor,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  16  miles  from 
Trautenau.     Pop.  1100. 

Merkez,  mfir-kdz',  a  village,  castle,  and  river  in  Syria, 

6  miles  N.  of  Iskandcroon,  on  the  E.  side  of  its  bay. 
Merklingen,  m6Rk'ling-?n,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg, 

13  miles  W.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1332. 

Merklingen,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg,  15  miles  N.W. 
of  Ulm.     Pop.  840. 

Merlara,  mfia-ll'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  28  miles  S.W.  of 
Padua.     Pop.  2687. 

Merl6ac,  mfiRMi^ik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Cdtes-du- 
Nord,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Loud6ac.     Pop.  1737. 

Merlera,  mjR-li'ri,  the  most  N.  of  the  Ionian  Islands, 
In  the  Mediterranean,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Corfu. 

Merl^rault,  Le,  France.    See  Le  Merlerault. 

MerMin,  or  Smith's  Corners,  a  post-village  in  Kent 
eo.,  Ontario,  9  miles  from  Charing  Cross. 

Mcr'maid,  a  post-oflSce  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  about 

7  miles  AV.  by  N.  of  AVilmington. 

Mer  M6diterran6e.    See  Mediterranean  Sea. 

Mermenteau,  orMermentau,  mer'men-to',  a  lake 
In  the  S.  part  of  Louisiana,  about  10  miles  from  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico.  It  is  about  33  miles  long.  Nearly  half  of  it 
is  in  Cameron  parish,  and  the  other  part  is  in  Vermilion. 

Mermenteau,  or  Mermentau,  a  post-hamlet  of  St. 
Landry  parish.  La.,  on  a  river  of  its  own  name,  50  miles 
S.W.  of  Opelousas.     It  has  a  church. 

Mermenteau  River,  Louisiana,  a  navigable  stream 
formed  by  the  Bayous  Nezpique  and  Plaquemine  Brul6, 


which  unite  in  the  S.W.  part  of  St.  Landry  parlih.  U 
runs  S.W.,  passes  through  the  N.W.  part  of  Mormentwu 
Lake,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  in  Cumorun  parish. 

Mermcriko,  mdr-mi-ree'ko,  a  village  of  Senogombi*. 
on  the  Falem6.    Lat.  13°  15'  N. ;  Ion.  12°  20'  W. 

Mer  Morte.    See  Dead  Sea. 

Mernersviilc,  Ontario.    See  Mildvay. 

Mer  Noire.    See  Black  Sea. 

Mcro'a,  a  post-offico  of  Mitchell  eo.,  Iowa,  18  mllM 
N.W.  of  Charles  City. 

Merog,  mftr'o-e,  or  Mernwe,  m6r'a-wi,  Islb  or  « 
wide  tract  in  South  Nubia,  between  the  Nile  and  its  tribu- 
tary the  Atbara.  Length,  400  miles  ;  breadth,  200  mllea, 
The  ruins  of  the  ancient  Moroo  are  in  its  N.  part,  on  th« 
E.  bank  of  the  Nile,  26  miles  N.E.  of  Shcndy  ;  and  od  t 
part  of  its  site  is  the  modern  town  of  the  same  name,  with 
a  manufactory  of  indigo  and  some  largo  corn-mugntinos. 

Me'roni,  apost-village  of  Sullivan  co.,  Ind.,  tlnelv  situ- 
ated in  Gill  township,  on  the  Wabash  River,  and  on  a  blul 
200  feet  high,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Vinocnnes.  Here  ii 
the  Union  Christian  College,  which  was  organized  in  1868. 
Merom  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  428. 

MeVoo',  a  river  of  New  South  Wales,  co.  of  Wtllinj. 
ton,  flows  W.N.W.  to  the  Cudgogang,  an  aflluent  of  lb* 
Macquarie.     It  furnishes  rich  gold  diggings. 

Mer  Orientate.    See  China  Sea. 

Mer'rellsville,  a  hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  ii 
Lenox  township,  4  miles  from  Wampsville. 

Merriam,  m4r'rc-am,  a  post-hamlet  of  Noble  co.,  Ind 
22  miles  N.W.  of  Fort'Wayne. 

Merriam  Junction,  a  station  in  Scott  co.,  Minn.,  on 
the  St.  Paul  A  Sioux  City  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Shakopet.! 
A  short  railroad  extends  hence  to  Carver. 

Mer'rick,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Nebnukv 
It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Platte  River,  and  inter- 
sected by  Prairie  Creek.  The  surface  is  an  undulntin; 
plain,  nearly  destitute  of  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wbeiit, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products.  Thii 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad.  Area, 
440  square  miles.  Capital,  Central  City.  Pop.  in  1871), 
667;  in  1880,  5341 ;  in  1890,  8768. 

Merrick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  tba 
South  Side  Railroad,  25  miles  E.  of  Brooklyn.  It  has  t 
church. 

Merrick's  Store,  a  post-office  of  PointeCoup6epari»h, 
La.,  on  the  Atchafalaya  Bayou. 

Mer'rickton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Queen  Anne  co..  Mi 
near  Coxe's  Station. 

Mer'rickviHe,  a  post-ofiice  and  station  of  Delamn 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Franklin  township,  on  the  Midland  Railroad, 
27  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Delhi. 

Mer'rickville,  a  village  in  Grenville  co.,  Ontario, onj 
the  Rideau  Canal,  26  miles  E.  of  Perth.  It  has  good  water- 
power,  several  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  3  hotels,  lij 
stores,  saw-,  grist-,  and  shingle-mills,  3  iron-foundriM,  i 
woollen-factory,  Ac.     Pop.  923. 

Mer'rill,  a  post-village  of  Plymouth  co.,  Iowa,  on  th« 
Dubuque  A  Sioux  City  Railroad,  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Sioia| 
City.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  160.  j 

Mer'rillan,  or  Mer'rillon,  a  post-village  in  Almaj 
township,  Jackson  eo..  Wis.,  on  the  Green  Bay  A  Minne- 
sota Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  West  Wisconsin  Raiiroad,| 
66  miles  E.N.E.  of  Winona,  44  miles  E.S.E.  of  Eau  Clmn!,j 
and  53  miles  W.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  extensive  water- 
power,  a  flouring-mill,  several  saw-mills,  a  graded  scbool,; 
and  a  inone.'yorder  post-office. 

Merrill's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Caroline  co.,  Va. 

Mer'rillsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  N.Y.,  25 
miles  W.  of  Au  Sable  Station. 

Mer'rilltown,  a  post-offico  of  Travis  co.,  Tex. 

Mer'rill  ville,  a  post-office  of  Lassen  co.,  Cal. 

Merrillvillc,  a  post-village  of  Lake  oo.,  Ind.,  in  Ran 
township,  5  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Crown  Point.  It  hu  I 
church  and  a  seminary.     Pop.  about  250. 

Merrimac,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  low»,ontta 
Skunk  River,  about  42  miles  N.W.  of  Burlington.  IthW; 
a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Merrimac,  a  hanwlet  of  Marshall  co.,  Kansas,  on  tb( 
Vermilion  River,  about  32  miles  N.  of  Manhattan. 

Merrimac,  a  post-hamlet  of  Taylor  co.,  Ky.,  about 
miles  N.E.  of  Campbellsville. 

Merrimac  (formerly  West  Amesbury),  a  post- 
village  in  Merrimac  township,  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  on  tm 
Merrimac  River,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Boston  A  Mamj 
Railroad,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Haverhill.  It  has  a  bank,  ! 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and  felt  sboM 
Pop.  in  1890,  2633. 


MER 


1811 


MER 


Icrrimac,  Missouri.    See  Mar.ymkc. 
lerrimac,  a  station  in  Ormsby  co.,  Nov.,  on  the  Vir- 
gU  A  Truckee  Uailroail,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Carson  City. 

lerrimac,  a  post-township  of  Hillsborough  co.,  N.II., 
iskounJod  on  the  E.  by  the  Mcrrimac  River,  and  inter- 
B(jed  by  the  Concord  Railroad  and  the  Souliogan  River. 
I'ontains  a  village  named  Thornton's  Ferry.  JMorrimac 
slion  is  7  miles  N.  of  Nashua.  The  township  has  manu- 
fcfures  of  carjjets,  woollen  goods,  furniture,  &o.  Pop.  106(5. 
lerrimac,  a  post-village  in  Merrimac  township,  Sauk 
o<  Wis.,  on  the  Wisconsin  River,  here  crossed  by  a  fine 
bilge,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  26 
mps  N.N.W.  of  Madison,  and  10  miles  S.E.  of  Baraboo.  It 
h:  a  church,  2  or  3  hotels,  and  several  stores.  Pop.  of 
tl;  township,  886. 

[errimack,  or  Merrimac,  mSr'r§-mak,  a  county 
inie  S.  central  part  of  New  Hampshire,  has  an  area  of 
alit  909  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Merrimac 
R  sr,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Contoocook,  Black,  and 
Si  cook  Rivers.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  mountainous, 
ai  is  extensively  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  maple, 
pi",  oak,  &o.,  are  found.  Among  its  prominent  features  is 
Mnt  Kearsarge,  which  rises  2943  feet  above  the  level  of 
til  sea.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Hay,  butter,  potatoes, 
Iiian  corn,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
hi  abundance  of  granite  and  valuable  quarries  of  building- 
st  e.  It  is  partly  traversed  by  railroads  named  the  Boston 
Alaine  and  the  Concord  <fc  Montreal.  Capital,  Concord, 
■wph  is  also  the  capital  of  the  state.  Pop.  in  1870, 42,151 ; 
intSSO,  46,300;  in  1890,  49,435. 

lerrimac  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  III., 
ODTie  Mississippi  River,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Waterloo. 

ler'rimacport'  (formerly  South  Amesbury),  a 
poivillago  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  finely  situated  on  the  Mer- 
riilc  River,  in  ^'Merrimac  township,  8  miles  N.E.  of  llavcr- 
hi  and  1  mile  from  Alerrimac  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2 
chwhcs,  a  high  school,  and  a  carriage-factory. 

crrimac  River  rises  in  New  Hampshire  among  the 
W'.te  Mountains,  and  runs  nearly  southward  through  the 
coi'of  Merrimac  and  Hillsborough,  from  the  latter  of 
wbh  it  passes  into  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.  Below  Lowell  it 
rui  cjistward  and  northeastward,  intersects  Essex  co.,  and 
eni-3  the  Atlantic  Ocean  about  2  miles  below  Nowburyport. 
ItSingth  is  estimated  at  150  miles,  exclusive  of  the  Pem- 
igeiisset,  which  is  its  largest  branch.  Vessels  of  200  tons 
cai^cend  it  to  Haverhill,  about  16  miles.  The  chief  cities 
on  !  banks  are  Lowell,  Lawrence,  Haverhill,  and  Newbury- 
poi  in  Massachusetts,  and  Manchester,  Nashua,  and  Con- 
cor  in  New  Hampshire.  It  affords  abundant  water-power, 
whi  is  employed  in  numerous  manufactories. 
Ipr'rimaii,  a  post-otfico  of  Eastland  co.,  Tex. 
Ipr'rimon,  a  post-office  of  Halifax  co.,  N.C. 
Iprritch,  or  Meritch,  mdr'ritch',  a  considerable 
tonfof  India,  72  miles  S.E.  of  Sattarah,  near  the  Kistnah, 
on  'e  banks  of  which  are  a  handsome  ghaut  and  pagoda. 

Ibr'ritt,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co..  III.,  on  the  Rock- 
fonpock  Island  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Chapin, 
andbout  10  miles  W.  of  Jacksonville.  It  has  a  flour-mill 
antjcveral  stores. 
Jferritt,  a  township  of  Bay  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  316. 
Ifer'ritton,  or  Tho'rold  Station,  a  post-village  in 
Liniln  CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  Welland  Canal,  and  on  the 
Gr4  Western  Railway,  34  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Hamilton. 
It  1.8  several  churches,  cotton-mills,  a  paper-mill,  saw- 
aniJrist-mills,  and  several  stores  and  hotels.     Pop.  1000. 

Ar'ritt's  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Aiken  co.,  S.C, 
on  e  South  Edisto  River,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Aiken.  It 
has  church,  a  flour-mill,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  bridge  over 
thofver.  Here  is  a  bed  of  kaolin. 
^ferritt's  Landing,  post-office,  Marquette  oc,  Wis. 
flk'rittstown,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co..  Pa.,  on 
Duijip's  Creek,  about  40  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  an 
acamy  and  2  churches. 

Air'rittsvillc,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C, 
«bo!  24  miles  N.  of  Greenville  Court-llouse.     It  has  a 
oliuh,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  tannery. 
Ajtrrittsville,  Ontario.     See  Wellan'd. 
Mr  Rouge.    See  Red  Ska. 

^'r'row  Station,  a  post-village  of  Tolland  co.,  Conn., 
on  li  Willimantic  River,  and  on  the  New  London  North- 
ern ailroad,  27  miles  N.N.W.  of  Norwich. 
3:rrum,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Maurum. 
ftir'ryall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Wy^ising  Creek,  about  40   miles  N.W.  of  Soranton.     It 
hasjchureh,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  saw-mills. 
fl»r'ry  Hill,  a  township  of  Bertie  co.,  N.C.     P.  IIU. 
atrry  Mount,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co.,  N.C. 


Merry  Oaks,  a  post-office  of  Chatham  co.,  N.C,  on 
the  Raleigh  &  Augusta  Railroad,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Raleigh. 

Merry  Point,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co.,  Va. 

3Iersa  Dahab,  a  port  of  Arabia.    See  Dahab. 

Mcrscheid,  mfin'shit,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  at  a 
railway  junction,  3  miles  W.  of  Solingen.     Pop.  10,017. 

Merse,  mirs,  or  3Iarch,  a  district  of  Scotland,  form- 
ing the  S.  part  of  Berwickshire. 

Mer'sea,  a  finely-wooded  island  of  England,  in  Essex, 
in  a  bay  of  the  North  Sea,  connected  with  the  mainland  by 
a  long  causeway  covered  at  high  water. 

Mer'seburg  (Ger.  pron.  m^R's^h-booRO^),  a  town  of 
Prussian  Saxony,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Saale,  and  on  the 
Thuringian  Railway,  56  miles  S.S.E.  of  Magdeburg.  Pop. 
13,664.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  a  cathedral,  pal- 
aces, an  orphan  asylum,  a  school  of  surgery,  and  manufac- 
tories of  woollen  and  linen  fabrics,  paper,  tobacco,  vinegar, 
and  excellent  beer. 

Merseburg,  mfiR's^h-bSoRO^  a  government  of  Prus- 
sian Saxony,  bounded  N.  by  Hanover.  Area,  3942  square 
miles.  It  belongs  to  the  basin  of  the  Elbe.  The  minerals 
are  of  great  value,  and  include  silver,  lead,  copper,  iron, 
coal,  and  lignite.     Pop.  903,931. 

Mers-el-Kebir,  mSus-61-ki'beoR'  (Sp.  Mazalquhir, 
mi-THAPkee-veeii'),  a  town  and  seaport  of  Algeria,  5  miles 
N.W.  of  Oran.  It  is  strongly  fortified,  and  has  a  good 
harbor.     Pop.  1486. 

Mersey,  m^r'zeo,  a  river  of  England,  rises  in  the  N. 
part  of  the  co.  of  Derby,  and  flows  W.,  mostly  between  the 
cos.  of  Chester  and  Lancaster,  till  it  expands  into  the  spa- 
cious estuary  or  arm  of  the  Irish  Sea  which  forms  Liver- 
pool harbor.  Length,  60  miles.  Chief  affluent,  the  Irwell, 
to  the  junction  of  which  it  is  navigable  for  large  vessels. 

Mer'shon's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of  Laurel 
00.,  Ky.,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Livingston.  It  has  a  tobacco- 
factory. 

Mersina,  or  Mcrsyna,  m6r-see'na,  a  seaport  of  Asia 
Minor,  on  the  Mediterranean,  province  and  40  miles  S.W. 
of  Adana,  of  which  it  is  the  port.    It  has  an  extensive  trade. 

Mertendorf,  miu'tQU-doRr,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  13 
miles  from  Auscha.     Pop.  1046. 

Merthyr-Tydvil,  m^r'Tn^r-tid'vIl  or  trid'vil,or  Mer- 
thyr-Tydfil,  a  town  of  Wales,  co.  of  Glamorgan,  on  the 
Tatf,  at  the  junction  of  several  railways,  22  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Cardiff.  It  has  sprung  up  from  a  mere  village  to  a  place 
of  great  extent  and  importance,  and,  though  consisting 
generally  of  irregular  assemblages  of  workmen's  houses, 
situated  on  both  sides  of  the  river,  and  communicating  by 
two  bridges,  has  undergone  important  changes,  which  have 
greatly  improved  its  sanitary  condition  and  general  appear- 
ance. It  has  many  good  shops  and  dwellings,  and  near  its 
centre  is  one  of  the  most  spacious  market-places  in  Wales. 
The  public  buildings  and  institutions  include  about  30  places 
of  worship,  belonging  chiefly  to  the  Wesleyan  and  other 
Methodists,  Independents,  Baptists,  &o.,  national  and  other 
schools,  a  mechanics'  institute,  a  theatre,  and,  in  the  vicinity, 
Cyvartha  Castle  and  park,  and  Pen-y-Darren  House.  The 
town  owes  its  prosperity  to  its  situation  near  the  centre  of 
the  valuable  coal-  and  mineral-field  of  South  Wales.  The 
mines  are  extensively  worked,  and  important  iron-works 
have  been  established.  The  borough  is  under  the  superin- 
tendence of  a  stipendiary  magistrate.  It  sends  two  mem- 
bers to  the  House  of  Commons.  In  the  environs  are  many 
handsome  residences.  Pop.  of  parish,  61,137;  of  the 
borough  (including  Aberdare  and  parts  of  Llanwonno  and 
Vainor),  117,194. 

Mertola,  mdR-to'li  (anc.  Myrtilis),  a  fortified  town  of 
Portugal,  province  of  Alemtejo,  on  the  Guadiana,  66  miles 
S.  of  Bvora.     Pop.  3236. 

Mer'ton,  a  village  of  England,  in  Surrey,  i  mile  S.  of 
AVimbledon.     Pop.  of  parish,  2139. 

Mer'ton,  a  post-office  of  Steele  co.,  Minn.,  in  Morton 
township,  about  13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Faribault.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  685. 

Merton,  a  post-village  in  Merton  township,  Waukesha 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  Bark  River,  5  miles  from  liartland  Station, 
and  about  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Milwaukee.  It  has  2 
churches.  The  township  contains  several  small  lakes,  and 
hamlets  named  North  Lake,  Stone  Bank,  and  Monches, 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1522. 

Mertz'tOAvn,  a  post-village  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
East  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  21  miles  N.E.  of  Reading.  It 
has  a  church. 

M6ru,  miVii',  a  town  of  France,  in  Disc,  15  miles  S.  of 
Boauvais.  Pop.  3517.  It  has  manufactures  of  dominos, 
boards  and  pieces  for  chess,  toys,  files,  and  sugar. 

Me^rud',  a  town  of  India,  47  miles  S.E.  of  Poonah. 


MER 


1812 


MES 


IVerville,  mdnVcol',  or  Mrrghctn,  inin'j^hAm'  (L. 
Ueimriaeum),  n  toirn  of  Franco,  in  Nunl,  un  the  Lys,  22 
milea  W.  of  Lille.  It  haa  tuan-ifaoturcs  of  tublo-linon  and 
embroidery.    Pop.  3104. 

MerWf  Merv,  mirv,  or  Merit,  inAr'oo  (ano.  Aiitiochia 
Uarffiana  f),  a  wnlle<l  town  of  Toorkistun,  duminion  and 
800  miles  S.B.  of  Khiva.     Pop.  3000. 

Merw,  Merv,  or  Mern,  a  rillngo  of  Thibet,  on  the 
Butlej,  above  the  Himalayas,  .SO  mile:*  E.N.E.  of  llainpoor. 

Mcrwede,  or  l>e  Mcrwedc,  diV  in6ii'*4Mvh,  a  river 
of  the  Netherlands,  formed  by  the  junction  of  the  Mouse 
and  the  Waal. 

Mer'win,  a  post-villaf^e  of  Westmoreland  oo.,  Pa.,  in 
Durrill  township,  6  miles  from  Cbartiers  Station.  It  has  a 
church  and  2  wagon- shops. 

Mer'winsburg,  a  post-hamlot  of  Monroe  oo.,  Pa.,  14 
miles  W.  of  Stroudsburg. 

Merwinsvillc,  Connecticut.    Sec  Oaylordsvillb. 

Merxem,  mdrx'^m,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and 
2  miles  N.E.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  2242. 

Merxheim,  mdRx'hlme,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse- 
Nassau,  near  Meisenheim.     Pop.  1281. 

Merxplas,  mdRx'pl&s,  a  village  of  Belgium,  27  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  1569. 

M6ry-8ur-Seine,  miVee'-sUn-sin,  a  town  of  France, 
in  Aubc,  on  the  Seine,  which  hero  becomes  navigable,  12 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Arcis-sur-Aube.     Pop.  1445. 

Merzig,  mSnt'siG,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  22  miles 
B.  of  Treves,  on  the  Saar.     Pop.  4411. 

Mesada  Nevada,  m4-s&'D&  ni-v&'nil,  a  mountain  of 
the  Andes,  in  Bolivia.  Lat.  16°  30'  S.;  Ion.  67°  62'  W. 
Height,  19,356  feet. 

Mesa^ne,  mi-sln'yi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
27  miles  N.W.  of  Leoco.     Pop.  8511. 

Mes'aville,  a  post-office  of  Pinal  co.,  Arizona,  on  the 
San  Pedro  River. 

Mesched,  or  Mcschid,  a  town  of  Persia.  See  Meshkd. 

Meschede,  mi'shiVl^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  Westphalia, 
11  miles  E.S.E.  of  Arnsberg,  on  the  Ruhr.     Pop.  2678. 

Meschendorf,  Transylvania.    See  Messe. 

Meschiti,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Msket. 

Mcsembria,  the  ancient  name  of  Missivrt. 

Mesen,  a  river  and  town  of  Russia.     See  Mezen. 

Mcse'na,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co.,  G.a. 

Meseritsch,  Gross,  Moravia.    See  Gross  Meseritsch. 

Meseritsch,  Wallachisch,  <^il'13,-Kish  mi'z§r-itch\ 
a  town  of  Moravia,  25  miles  N.I3.  of  Prcrau.     Pop.  2606. 

Meseritz,  m4'zer-it8\  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland,  55 
miles  AV.  of  Posen,  on  the  Obra.     Pop.  4818. 

Meshannon,  Pennsylvania.    See  Moshannox. 

Mesh'chovsk',  Mest'chovsk',  or  Mieshchowsk, 
myfish^chovsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Kalooga, 
40  miles  AV.  by  S.  of  the  town  of  Kalooga.     Pop.  5431. 

Mcsh'ed*,  or  Mush'ed',  written  also  Mesched  and 
Meschid,  a  walled  city  of  N.E.  Persia,  capital  of  the 
province  of  Khorassan,  in  lat.  36°  17'  40"  N.,  Ion.  59°  25' 
E.  Pop.  estimated  at"<)0,000.  It  stands  in  a  fertile  plain, 
and  has  the  superb  mausoleum  of  the  Imslm  Reza,  the  mag- 
nificence of  which  is  scarcely  equalled  in  Persia;  but  its 
colleges  are  in  ruins.  It  has  manufactures  of  velvets,  and 
an  active  trade  with  Bokhara,  Candahar,  Herat,  <fco. 

Meshed-IIossein,  Turkey.    Sec  Kerbela. 

Meshop'pen,  a  post-village  of  AVyoming  co..  Pa.,  in 
Meshoppen  township,  on  the  North  Branch  of  the  Susque- 
hanna River,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania  &  New  York  Rail- 
road, 47  miles  N.  by  AA'.  of  AVilkcsbarre.  It  has  4  churches 
and  several  mills  or  factories.  Pop.  about  700 ;  of  the  town- 
ehip.  1239. 

Meshop'pen  (or  Meshop'en)  Creek  falls  into  the 
North  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  in  AVyoming  co..  Pa. 

Mesico,  the  Italian  name  of  Mexico. 

Mesilia,  mi-seel'yi,  a  post-village  of  Donna  Ana  oo.. 
New  Mexico,  on  the  Rio  Grande,  about  50  miles  above  El 
Paso,  Tex.     Pop.  1578. 

Mesilla  Valley,  or  La  Mesilla,  Id.  m^-seel'yi,  a 
tract  or  strip  of  bottom-land,  8  or  10  miles  long,  in  the  S. 

fart  of  New  Mexico,  and  on  thoAV.  side  of  the  Rio  Grande, 
t  owes  its  name,  signifying  "little  plateau"  (from  the 
Spanish  mesa,  a  "  table"),  to  the  fact  of  its  being  elevated 
a  few  feet  above  the  other  bottom-lands  of  the  river.  In 
this  valley  or  tract  is  also  a  village  called  Mesilla. 

Mcsinum,  the  Latin  name  of  Mezin. 

Mesjid  All,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Musjid. 

Meslin«i'£veque,  mSs'liNo'-liVAk',  a  village  of  Bel- 
gium, in  Ilainaut,  18  miles  N.  of  Mons.     Pop.  1873. 

Meso,  mi'so,  a  river  of  Asiatic  Russia,  in  Yeniseisk, 
falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Tazovsk.     Length,  140  miles. 


Mcsola,  m.A'so-14  or  raJs'o-lA,  a  town  of  lulv  Si  1..11- 
E.N.E.  of  Ferrara.     Pop.  6399.  0^.i»>  ttUii 

Mesolontj^hi,  a  town  of  Greece.  See  Missowsoai 
Mesopotamia,  mfls'o-po-tA'me-^  (Arab.  Al  jtu^,i 
or  Al  Jetira,  &\  jiz-co'r^h,  ♦'  the  island"),  tho  name  |riv« 
by  the  ancient  Greeks  to  a  country  of  Asia  lying  bcUwa 
the  rivers  Euphrates  and  Tigris,  now  com|.risod  in  tbi 
vilayets  of  Diarbekir  and  Bagdad,  and  containing  thecltiM 
of  Diarbekir,  Mardcon,  Nicibin,  and  Mosul,  with  imrti 
of  tho  ruins  of  Babylon  and  Scleucia.  Its  length  from 
N.AV.  to  S.E.,  is  between  600  and  700  miles.  lu  greaicn 
breadth  is  near  200  miles.  Mesopotamia  (from  tho  Greek 
itiiTot,  »ii«<J»,  and  noTaix6t,  putamut)  signifies  literally  "bt. 
twcen  the  rivers." 

Mes'opota'mia,  a  post-villnge  in  Mesopotamia  towa. 
ship,  Trumbull  CO.,  0.,  on  Grand  River,  5  miles  W.of  Bloom 
field  Station,  and  about  42  miles  E.  of  Cleveland.  Tht 
township  has  4  churches,  4  cheese-factoric.",  and  quarrit 
of  fine  building-stone.     Pop.  of  the  township,  796, 

Mesquite,  mes-kect',  a  post-village  of  Dallas  00.  Tex 
on  tho  Texas  A  Pacific  Railroad,  12  miles  E.  of  Dallu.  ij 
has  several  stores. 

Mesquitella,  m8s-ke-t6ri&,  a  town  of  Portugal  i» 
Beira,  15  miles  AV.S.AV.  of  Guarda.     Pop.  1035. 

Messa,  mis'sl,  a  walled  town  of  Morocco,  prorinctof 
Soos,  60  miles  S.AV.  of  Torodant.     Pop.  3000. 

Messac,   m6s's4k',   a   village  of    France,  in  Ille-et- 

Vilaine,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Redon.     Pop.  of  commune,  2312, 

Mcssana,  a  town  of  Italy.    Sec  Messi.va. 

Messancy,  mis'sd-v'see'  (Gcr.  Mitziy,  mSt'slc),  a  vil. 

lage  of  Belgium,  province  of  Luxembourg,  4  milot  N.N  E. 

of  Longwy.     Pop.  1300. 

Messe,  mSs's^h,  or  Mcschcndorf,  mJsh'^n-donr, » 
village  of  Transylvania,  27  miles  from  Schassburg.   P.  120S. 
Messejana,  mis-sA-zhS,'nd,  a  town  of  Portugal,  pror- 
ince  of  Algarve,  28  miles  S.AV.  of  Beja.     Pop.  1500. 

Messe'ne  (Gr.  Meo-o-iji^)),  modern  Mavromnti,  ml^ 
vro-m4'tee,  a  village  of  Greece,  Morea,  government  of 
Mcssenia,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Kyparissia.  It  standu  al  th» 
foot  of  Mount  Ithome,  on  either  side  of  tho  "Black 
Spring"  (the  ancient  fountain  of  Clepsydra),  and  on  the 
site  of  ancient  Messene,  tho  remains  of  which  are  extensive. 
Mes'sengerville,a  post-hamlet  of  Cortland  co., N.Y., 
on  the  Syracuse  &  Binghamton  Railroad,  35  miles  N.  of 
Binghamton.  The  railroad  station  is  called  State  Bridge. 
Messenheimer,  mes's^n-hi'm^r,  or  Mciscnhei* 
mer,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  111.     Pop.  1076. 

Messe'nia,  an  ancient  country,  now  a  nomo  of  Orceee^ 
consisting  of  the  S.AV.  peninsula  of  the  Morea.    Area,  1228 

square  miles.     Capital,  Kalamata.     Pop.  130,417. Ai^j. 

and  inhab.  Messenian,  mis-see'ne-an. 

Messer,  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas.    See  Brownsvilib. 
Mes'ser's,  or  State  Line,  a  hamlet  in  Rockingham 
CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Massachusetts  line,  and  on  the  Manchester 
&  Lawrence  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Lawrence,  Mass. 

Mes'sick's,  a  station  in  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  on  the  June- 
tion  <t  Breakwater  Railroad,  2  miles  E.  of  Georgetown. 

Messin,  mds^s4N»',  a  former  district  of  France,  which 
belonged  to  the  province  of  Lorraine,  and  had  Mctz  for  ill 
capital.     It  now  forms  a  part  of  German  Lorraine. 

Messina,  mis-sce'ni  (ano.  Zan'cle,  afterwards  Mtiul- 
nn  or  Mesne' ue  ;  Ft.  Messine,  m6s^8cen'),  a  city  and  seaport 
of  Sicily,  capital  of  a  province  of  the  same  name,  is  lita- 
ated  on  the  Strait  of  Messina,  here  about  2  miles  wide, 
200  miles  S.S.E.  of  Naples.  Lat.  (light)  38°  11'  10"  N.j 
Ion.  15°  34'  45"  E.  It  ranks  as  a  fortress  of  tho  first  c1m», 
being  walled  and  defended  by  a  citadel  and  forts.  Thi 
harbor,  one  of  the  best  in  the  Mediterranean,  is  formed  by 
a  semicircular  strip  of  land,  which,  from  its  resemblance  t« 
a  sickle,  suggested  the  original  name  of  the  town,  Zancle, 
in  Greek,  signifying  a  "  sickle."  AVithin,  the  harbor  bu  » 
circuit  of  nearly  4  miles;  it  is  of  great  depth,  and  per- 
fectly secure  in  all  weather.  Messina  extends  above  2 
miles  along  the  bay  and  about  half  a  mile  up  an  acclivityi 
which  terminates  in  several  considerable  mountain*.  lU 
white  houses  and  numerous  spires  contrast  beautifully  with: 
the  dark  green  of  the  olive-,  lemon-,  and  orange-grorM 
clothing  the  mountain-slopes.  From  the  upper  portioDJ  of 
the  town  is  obtained  a  magnificent  view  of  the  ocean  «Bo| 
the  lofty  mountains  of  the  Italian  continent.  Messiwii: 
for  the  most  part  handsomely  laid  out.  It  is  the  N.E.  ter- 
minus of  the  Sicilian  railway  system.  It  has  wide  street^ 
well  paved  with  blocks  of  lava,  of  which  materinl  most  of 
the  houses  are  constructed.  The  Marina,  a  favorite  prom- 
enade fronting  the  harbor,  is  a  broad  quay,  adorned  with 
statues  and  fountains;  immediately  beyond  this  is  a  ma?- 
nificent  terrace,  once  lined  with  noble  edifices,  of  which  but 


MES 


1813 


MET 


fe?urvivo(l  the  great  earthquake  of  1783.  Owing  to  the 
occfrence  of  these  phenomena,  the  houses  in  Messina  seldom 
exifd  two  stories.  Among  the  public  buildings  may  bo 
mclioned  the  cathedral,  a  Gothic  structure,  erected  by  the 
Nokans  soon  after  their  conquest  of  Sicily;  the  viceroy's 
palfe,  having  a  finely-planted  park;  the  archiepiscopal 
palfo,  the  senate-house,  an  exchange,  custom-house,  bank, 
a  l;be  and  well-endowed  hospital,  a  prison,  2  theatres,  an 
esipsive  arsenal,  and  a  large  lazaretto,  besides  about  50 
chi^hes  and  numerous  nunneries.  It  possesses  a  univer- 
Bit'frith  a  full  complement  of  professors  in  belles-lettres, 
phiBophy,  law,  and  medicine,  a  naval  seminary,  and  an 
exllsive  public  library  rich  in  Greek  manuscripts.  Mes- 
sinls  the  seat  of  a  Roman  Catholic  archbishop  and  archi- 
mairito,  and  of  a  Greek  protopope.  Its  manufactures  of 
gilitoods  and  satins  have  long  been  famous,  and  its  com- 
inel  is  very  extensive.  Chief  exports,  silk,  fruits,  olive 
oil,'ine,  spirits,  salted  fish,  linseed,  sumach,  essences,  Ac. 
It  li!  valuable  tunny  and  other  fisheries. 

i-'oient  Zancle  is  said  to  have  been  founded  1004  years 
B.C.  Its  present  name  was  given  it  by  the  Messenians,  into 
who  possession  it  came  about  500  B.C.  Charles  of  Anjou, 
in  r  unsuccessful  attack  upon  the  town,  lost  the  greater 
par)f  his  fleet,  and  in  1C74  a  Spanish  fleet,  having  block- 
odcthe  port,  was  defeated  in  a  great  naval  battle  by  the 
Fresh.  In  1743  the  plague  carried  oS"  more  than  half  of 
its  habitants,  and  by  the  earthquake  of  1783  several  hun- 
drolives  were  lost  and  its  best  buildings  destroyed.     Pop. 

in  hi,  76,982,  or,  including  suburbs,  126,497. Adj.  and 

inbj).  Mksse'.via.v  (Fr.  Messinois,  mds*see*nwi';  It.  Mbs- 
81 NE,  ni6s-se-ni'si).    See  Strait  of  Messina. 

Jpssinn,  a  province  of  Sicily,  bounded  N.  by  the  Tyr- 
rhei  Sea,  E.  by  the  Strait  of  Messina  and  the  Ionian  Sea. 
Arc  1708  square  miles.     Pop.  420,649, 
,    Jpssina  Springs,  a  sulphur  spring  of  Onondaga  co., 
N.'ij  1  mile  from  East  Syracuse  Station,     Here  is  a  hotel. 

3fissines,  mis^seen'  (Flem.  Meeseu,  mi'z^n),  a  town 
of  llgiuin,  in  AV'cst  Flanders,  6  miles  S.  of  Ypres. 

illssis,  mis^sees',  or  Misis,  mis'sees',  a  large  village 
of  ita  Minor,  18  miles  E.  of  Adana,  beside  the  Jyhoon 
(asilPyr'amHs),  on  the  site  of  the  ancient  Mopsueetia. 

Alssolongiii,  a  town  of  Greece.     See  Missoloxghi. 

Msson'go,  a  post-ofljcc  of  Accomack  co.,  Va. 

Afstanza,  mSs-tin'thd,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
30  i|es  S.S.W.  of  Ciudad  Heal.     Pop.  1693, 

Jl  stcliovsk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Mesiichovsk. 

IKfsteczko,  a  village  of  Bohemia.    See  Stadtl. 

ftisteno,  the  Latin  name  of  Maintenox. 

]Mstre,m5s'tri,  a  town  of  Italy,  5  miles  N.W,  of  Venice, 
at  afiilway  junction,  on  the  margin  of  a  lagoon.  It  has 
sawjiills,  foundries,  <tc.     Pop,  9931, 

JMsUrezat',  or  Mount  Vernon,  a  post-village  in 
Buliin  township,  Fayette  co.,  Pa.,  at  the  terminus  of  the 
GreiMck  Railroad,  3  miles  from  Greenlick  Junction.  It 
has  coal-mine.     Pop.  about  300. 

Msurado  (ni4s-oo-ri'do)  River,  of  West  Africa, 
flows. W.  -for  about  300  miles,  and  enters  the  Atlantic  at 
Mori>via. 

3|surata,  m5s-oo-r4'tl,  a  maritime  town  of  North 
Afrij,,  dominion  and  112  miles  E.S.E.  of  Tripoli,  at  the 
entrjice  of  the  Gulf  of  Sidra. 

3Jfta,  mi'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  sea-coast,  province 
of  J|ples,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Sorrento.  It  is  noted  for  its 
finejtuation,  and  has  2  small  ports.     Pop.  7229. 

WXa.,  mi'ti,  a  river  of  the  republic  of  Colombia,  rises 
aboii40  miles  S.  of  Bogota,  and  joins  the  Orinoco  after  a 
N.Eiourse  of  500  miles. 

Jmabetchouan,  met'i-bet'choo-in',  a  river  of  Que- 
bec,! lat,  48°  23'  12"  N,  It  is  a  fine  broad  stream,  nav- 
igabi  for  many  miles  for  large  boats,  and  farther  up  for 
barljanoes.  It  discharges  its  waters  on  the  S.  side  of  Lake 
St, 

iMi 
No 


.  .^111. 

,M|taghan,  met^a-gin',  a  post-village  in  Digby  co., 

Jvftcotia,  on  St.  Mary's  Bay,  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Digby. 

^Ijl'al,   a  township  of  Franklin  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1419. 

-Mj^allum,  the  Latin  name  of  Melle. 

Mjt'amo'ra,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Woodford  co., 
111.,  I  Metamora  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Chicago  <fc 
Altoj  Railroad,  19  miles  E.N.E.  of  Peoria,  and  about  30 
inileN.W.  of  Bloomington.  It  has  7  churches,  2  banks, 
a  neipaper  office,  a  public  park,  and  manufactures  of  car- 
riag  and  wagons.     Pop.  (1890)  758;  of  township,  1710. 

JMjItamora,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Met|iora  township,  on  Whitewater  River,  and  on  the  Cin- 
cinnji  &  Whitewater  Valley  Railroad,  17  miles  S.  of  Con- 
JierS|lle.  It  has  a  high  school,  3  churches,  and  2  flouring- 
milU  Pop.  of  the  township,  1222. 


Metamora,  a  post-village  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Metamora  township,  on  the  Detroit  &  Bay  City  Railroad, 
52  miles  N.N.W.  of  Detroit,  and  8  miles  S.  of  L.apeer.  It 
has  a  church.     Pop.  in  1890,  314;  of  the  township,  1306. 

Metamora,  a  post-village  of  Fulton  co.,  0.,  is  on  the 
N.  boundary  of  the  state,  in  Auiboy  township,  20  milea 
W.N.W,  of  Toledo,    It  has  2  churches  and  a  planing-mill, 

Metamora,  Ohio.     See  Matamoras. 

Metamora,  a  station  in  Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Cata- 
sauqua  <fc  Fogelsville  Railroad,  3  miles  W,  of  Catasauqua. 

Metapa,  md-ti'pi,  a  town  of  Guatemala,  20  miles 
S.S.E.  of  the  city  of  Guatemala,  near  Lake  Metapa.  P.  4000. 

Metauro,  mi-tow'ro  (anc.  Metau'rus),  a  river  of  Cen- 
tral Italy,  in  the  Marches,  after  an  E.N.E.  course  of  50 
miles,  enters  the  Adriatic  9  miles  S.E.  of  Pesaro. 

Metaxata,  mi-tix-i'ti,  a  village  of  the  island  of 
Cephalonia,  0  miles  S.E.  of  Argostoli. 

Met'calf,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Edgar  co..  Ill,, 
on  the  Indiana  &  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  12  miles  W. 
of  Chrisman, 

Metcalfe,  mSt'kaf,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Ken- 
tucky, has  an  area  of  about  410  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  several  small  affluents  of  Green  and  Barren  Rivers.  The 
surface  is  uneven  or  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests  in  which  the  oak  and  beech  predominate.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  tobacco,  oats,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Capital,  Edmonton,  Pop,  in  1870,  7934; 
in  1880,  9423;  in  1890,  9871. 

Metcalfe,  Ontario,    See  Osgoode, 

Metcalfe's,  a  station  in  Middlesex  co,,  Mass,,  on  the 
Milford  Branch  of  the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad,  7  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  South  Framingham. 

Metcovich,  mfit'ko-viK\  a  town  of  Herzegovina,  24 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Mostar.     Pop.  about  500. 

Me'tca,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.,  about  9  milea 
N.N.E.  of  Logansport.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mete'deconk,  or  Metetecunk,  a  small  river  of  New 
Jersey,  rises  in  Monmouth  co.,  runs  southeastward,  and 
enters  Barnegat  Bay  in  Ocean  co. 

Metedeconk,  or  Burrs'ville,  a  post-village  of 
Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  in  Srick  township,  on  the  Metedeconk 
River,  5  miles  from  the  sea,  and  4i  miles  E.  of  Lakewood. 
It  has  a  church. 

Metelen,  mi'teh-l§n,  or  Meteln,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
in  Westphalia,  23  miles  N.W.  of  Munster.     Pop,  2021. 

Metelin,  an  island  of  Turkey,    See  Mitylese, 

Metelis,  a  village  of  Egypt.    See  Fooah. 

Meterin,  md't§h-r6^•o',  a  village  of  Franco,  in  Nord,  5 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Ilazebrouck,     Pop,  971, 

Meternich,  md't§r-niK\  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
2i  miles  AV.  of  Coblentz. 

Metgermette,  or  Metjarmette,  met'zhir'mSt',  a 
river  of  Quebec,  rises  in  the  Metgermette  Mountains,  on 
the  Maine  line,  co.  of  Beauce,  and,  after  receiving  its  N.AV. 
branch,  joins  the  Riviere  du  Loup,  by  which  its  waters  are 
carried  to  the  river  Chaudidre. 

Metliamis,  m§h-ti'mees',  a  village  of  France,  in  Vau- 
cluse,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Avignon.     Pop.  836. 

Meth'ill,  a  burgh  and  seaport  of  Scotland,  co,  of  Fife, 
on  the  Firth  of  Forth,  IJ  miles  AV.  of  Leven.     Pop.  648. 

Methimna  Campcstris.    See  Medina  del  Cami'o. 

Methone,  the  ancient  name  of  Modon. 

Meth'ow  River  rises  in  the  N.  part  of  AVashington, 
runs  southward,  and  enters  the  Columbia  River  near  lat, 
48°  2'  N,     It  is  nearly  120  miles  long. 

Methu'en,  a  post-town  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  on  Spicket 
(or  Spigot)  River,  with  a  station  on  the  Manchester  & 
Lawrence  Railroad,  2  miles  N.N.AA^,  of  Lawrence,  and  24 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Manchester.  It  has  4  churches,  a  high 
school,  a  national  bank,  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  jute, 
and  woollen  goods,  hats,  and  shoes.  It  is  connected  by  a 
street  railroad  with  Lawrence  and  North  Andover.  Pop, 
in  1890,  4814, 

Meth'ven,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co,  and  6  miles 
AV.N.AV.  of  Perth,     Pop.  950, 

Methye  (mfith'i)  Lake,  a  small  lake  of  British  North 
America,  180  miles  S.  of  Lake  Athabasca,  and  having  at 
its  S.  extremity  Fort  Methye.  Another  Lake  Methye  ia 
350  miles  S.AA^ 

Methymna,  the  ancient  name  of  Mouvo, 

Meticya,  or  El  Metidjah,  miHee'ji,  a  plain  of  Al- 
geria, between  the  mountains  and  the  sea,  about  85  milea 
long  by  18  miles  in  mean  breadth.  On  it  stands  the  city 
of  Algiers.  It  is  noted  for  its  fertility,  and  is  extensivelj 
colonized  by  Europeans, 

Metilowitz,  mi'te-lo'^its,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Mo- 
ravia,  circle  of  Prerau.    Pop,  1190. 


Met 


1814 


MEX 


Me'tiSf  a  post-Tillage  in  Rimouski  co.,  Quebec,  on  the 
8.  ihore  of  the  St.  LaTrrcnco,  and  on  the  Interoolonial  Kail- 
wnjr,  »4i  miles  N.E.  of  Rivifire  du  Loup  en  Bag.  It  con- 
tains a  church,  7  stores,  and  several  mills,  and  has  a  good 
trade  in  grain  and  lumber.    Pop.  250. 

MetiSt  two  rivers  of  Quebec,  entering  the  S.  shore  of 
the  St.  Lawronoc.  One,  called  Grande  Metis,  takes  its  rise 
in  the  N.W.  angle  of  the  co.  of  Bonavonture,  and,  running 
N.,  discharges  itself  into  an  expansive  estuary  called  Anso 
aux  Snclles.  It  is  a  good  salmon-strenm.  The  other,  called 
Little  Metis,  rises  in  rear  of  the  seigniory  of  Metis,  and 
falls  into  a  small  bay  called  Little  Metis  Harbor. 

Mctlili,  mit-loo'lee,  a  walled  town  of  the  Algerian  Sa- 
hara, Wady  Mzab,  33  miles  S.W.  of  Qardaia. 

Me'toc  BayoU)  Arkansas,  drains  parts  of  Lonoke  and 
Prairie  cos.,  runs  in  a  S.S.E.  direction,  and  enters  the 
Arkansas  Ilivcr  in  the  S.  part  of  Arkansas  co.  It  is  nearly 
lOU  miles  long. 

Afcto'men,  a  post-office  of  Fond  du  Lao  co.,  AVis.,  in 
Metomen  township,  about  20  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Fond  du 
Lac.  The  township  is  intersected  by  a  branch  of  the  Chi- 
cago, Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  and  contains  a  vil- 
lage named  IJrandon.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1838. 

Metonipkin,  mo-tom'kin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Accomack 
CO.,  Va.,  is  near  the  ocean  (with  which  it  communicates  by 
a  navigable  inlet],  23  miles  S.  of  Newtown,  Md. 

Mctropoli,  m?h-trop'o-le  (ano.  Qortynint),  a  town  of 
Crete,  near  its  centre,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Candia, 

JMetrop'olis,  a  ruined  city  of  Asia  Minor,  22  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Smyrna. 

Mctrop'olis,  a  post-town  or  city,  capital  of  Massac  co., 
HI.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  38  miles  above  Cairo,  and  about  11 
miles  below  Paducah.  It  has  well-paved  streets  100  feet 
wide,  and  stands  on  an  inclined  plane  above  the  highest 
floods.  It  contains  a  banking-house,  a  seminary,  8  churches, 
3  (louring-mills,  a  pottery,  3  large  saw-mills,  a  ship-yard,  a 
tobiicco-factorv,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop. (1890)  3573. 

9Ictska-6orka,  Prussia.     See  Gorchen. 

Mettet,  mSt'tfit,  or  Met'tez,  a  town  of  Belgium,  prov- 
ince and  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Namur.     Pop.  1980. 

Alcttinann,  mStt'mAnn,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  9J 
miles  N.E.  of  Dusseldorf,  on  the  Diissel.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  cotton  and  silk  goods,  hardware,  <fcc.     Pop.  6500. 

Mettray^  mfitHri',  a  village  of  France,  in  Indre-et- 
Loire,  5  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Tours,  with  a  celebrated  reform- 
atory for  boys.     Pop.  234'1-. 

Metuchen,  me-tfltch'§n,  a  post-village  in  Raritan  town- 
ship, Middlesex  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  railroad  which  connects 
New  Brunswick  with  New  York,  and  also  on  the  Lehigh 
Valley  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of  New  Brunswick.  It  has 
b  churches.     Here  are  2  stations,  Metuchen  and  Campbells. 

Metz,  mits  (Fr.  pron.  milss;  anc.  Diaodu'rum,  after- 
wards Mediomat' rici  and  Met'tia  or  Me'tis),  a  fortified  city 
of  Germany,  capital  of  Lorraine,  at  the  confluence  of  the 
Moselle  and  Seille,  and  at  the  head  of  a  branch  of  the  rail- 
way from  Paris  to  Strasburg,  170  miles  E.  of  Paris.  Metz 
is  one  of  the  strongest  and  most  important  places  in  Ger- 
many, and  its  esplanade  is  one  of  the  finest  promenades  in 
Europe.  It  has  a  citadel  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Moselle, 
a  Gothic  cathedral  with  a  spire  373  feet  high,  a  tribunal 
of  commerce,  a  college,  school  of  engineering,  normal  school, 
a  botanic  garden,  an  arsenal  with  a  cannon-foundry  and 
an  armory,  a  militiiry  hospital,  and  a  public  library.  It  has 
important  manufactures  of  coarse  woollen  cloths,  muslins, 
thread,  needles,  artificial  flowers,  liqueurs,  paper,  wadding, 
plush,  glass,  hardware,  machinery,  and  musical  instruments, 
and  an  active  trade,  being  a  general  entrepOt  for  colonial 
and  foreign  merchandise.  Metz,  under  the  Romans,  rose 
to  considerable  importance,  being  traversed  by  six  grand 
military  roads.  Under  the  descendants  of  Clovis  it  became 
the  capital  of  the  kingdom  of  Austrasia,  and,  on  the  decline 
of  the  house  of  Charlemagne,  passed  to  the  Emperor  of 
Germany,  who,  in  order  to  make  it  a  barrier  against  France, 
Ftrongly  fortified  it  and  allowed  it  to  possess  an  almost  re- 
publican freedom.  In  1552  it  claimed  the  protectorate  of 
France,  and  ceased  to  be  free.  In  1870  it  surrendered  to 
the  Germans.     Pop.  in  1880,  53,131  ;  in  1890,  60,186. 

Metz,  a  post-village  of  Steuben  co.,  Ind.,  9  miles  E.  of 
Angola,  and  about  44  miles  N.N.E.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  carriage-factory. 

Metz,  a  post-office  of  Jasper  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago, 
Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Railroad,  6  miles  AV.  of  Newton. 

Aletz,  a  post-office  of  Chautauqua  co.,  Kansas,  14  miles 
AV.  of  Independence. 

JUetz,  a  post-hamlet  in  Metz  township,  Vernon  co..  Mo., 
14  miles  N.N.A7.  of  Nevada.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a 
saw -mill.    Coal  abounds  here. 


Metz,  a  post-office  of  Platte  co.,  Neb. 

Metzdorf,  a  village  of  Austria.    See  MAncrAiTA, 

MetzcnHicfen,  mdt's^n-seeYfn,  a  town  uf  North  ii'm 
gary,  18  miles  AV.  of  Kaschau.     Pop.  about  6000. 

Mctzig,  a  village  of  liulgiuni.    See  MKssAXcr. 

Metzingen,  or  Mczingcn,  mfit'sing^n,  a  town  . 
AViirtomberg,  on  the  Nockar,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Stutlni- 
Poi>.  5003.  * 

Metzovo,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Mezkovo. 

Meu,  muh,  a  river  of  France,  joins  the  Vilaine  about 
miles  above  Pontreau.     Length,  about  50  miles. 

Meudon,  muh'd6ri»'  (L.  Meudo),  a  town  of  France,  1 
Seine-et-Oise,  5  miles  by  rail  AV.  of  I'aris.  It  has  a  pulu 
and  manufactures  of  glass,  edge-tools,  Ac.     Pop.  6386, 

Meulan,  muhM6N«',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-ot-Oii 
on  the  Seine,  and  on  the  Paris  A  Rouen  Railway,  8  mil 
AV.N.AV.  of  Poissy.     Pop.  2374. 

Menlebeeck,  mii'l^h-bik',  a  village  of  Iklgiu: 
South  Brabant,  1  mile  N.AV.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  lOUU. 

Mculebeke,  mo'l^h-b&'k^h,  a  village  of  Belgian), 
AVest  Flanders,  10  miles  N.  of  Courtrai.  Pop.  8600. 
has  manufactures  of  lace  and  cotton  goods. 

Meung,  mi'uN"'  (L.  Magdunum),  a  town  of  Franc 
in  Loiret,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Loire,  11  mile*  by  n 
W.S.AV.  of  Orleans.     Pop.  3122. 

Men  rim,  a  town  and  river  of  Brazil.    See  Miarik, 

Menrs,  muRS,  or  Mdrs,  mons,  a  town  of  Rbcnii 
Prussia,  17  miles  N.N.E.  of  Dusseldorf,  on  tiio  Eider.  Po 
3411.  It  has  a  normal  school  and  a  town  hall,  in  front 
which  are  the  sculptured  lions  found  on  the  site  of  tl 
Asciburgum  of  Tacitus. 

Menrsault,  mun^so'  {Mu'rit  Sal'tus),  a  village 
France,  in  C6te-d'0r,  on  the  railway  from  Paris  to  Lyoi 
27  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Dijon.     Pop.  2550. 

Meurthe,  munt  (L.  Muita),  a  river  of  France,  rises 
the  Vosges,  S.E.  of  Saint-Di6,  and  joins  the  Moselle  on  t 
right  at  Frouard,  6  miles  N.  of  Nancy.     Length,  70  mil(! 

Meurthe-et-Moselle,  munt-i-mo'z5l',  a  departmc 
of  France,  bordering  on  Germany,  formed  in  1871  of  p< 
tions  of  the  departments  of  Meurthe  and  Moselle  remai 
ing  to  France  after  the  cession  of  Alsace-Lorraine  to  Gc 
many.  Area,  2025  square  miles.  It  has  fine  sccnei 
much  fertile  soil,  extensive  vineyards,  great  mineral  weall 
and  varied  and  extensive  manufactures.  It  contains  t 
arrondissements  of  Briey,  Nancy,  Lun6ville,  and  To 
Canital,  Nancy.     Pop.  in  1891,  444,150. 

Meuse,  muz  (Fr.  pron.  muz;  Dutch,  Maa»,  mil,  I 
Maeae,  mS,'s?h;  anc.  Mo'aa),  a  river  of  Europe,  rises 
France,  department  of  Haute-Marne,  N.E.  of  Langr 
traverses  the  department  of  A'osges,  where  it  disappe 
underground  near  Bazoilles,  and  re-appears,  4  miles  d 
tant,  near  Neufch^teau.  In  France  it  passes  Comaerc 
Verdun  (where  it  becomes  navigable),  Mezieres,  and  Gin 
in  Belgium,  Dinant,  Namur,  Iluy,  and  Liege ;  in  the  Nclln 
lands,  Maestricht  and  Gorkum  ;  below  Gorkum  it  scjjara 
into  several  branches,  traversing  the  Bics-Boscb  and  II 
lands -Diep,  forming  numerous  islands,  and  enters  the  Noi 
Sea  by  3  principal  mouths,  the  Meuse  on  the  X.,  tlie  Flakl 
in  the  middle,  and  the  Grevclingen  on  the  S.  Chief  affl 
ents  on  the  left,  the  Bar,  Sambre,  and  Dommcl;  on  I 
right,  theSemoy,  Lesse,  Ourthe,  Ruhr,  and  Niers;  theWt 
(a  branch  of  the  Rhine),  the  Linge,  Leek,  and  the  Lo» 
Yssel,  another  branch  of  the  Rhine.  Length  of  the  rir 
434  miles. 

Meuse,  a  department  of  France,  in  the  N.E.,  formed 
part  of  the  old  province  of  Lorraine,  and  bounded  N. 
Belgium.  Area,  2368  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1891,  292.2 
It  is  traversed  from  S.  to  N.  by  a  range  of  low  hill!  «! 
the  Mountains  of  Argonne,  which  separate  the  basins 
the  Meuse  and  Seine.  Chief  rivers,  the  Meuse,  Cbi«! 
Saulx,  Ornain,  Aisne,  and  Aire.  Cattle  and  sheep  are  i| 
tensively  reared.  Capital,  Bar-le-Duc.  The  departmenli 
divided  into  the  arrondissements  of  Bar-le-Duc,  Coinuicr 
Montmcdy,  and  Verdun. 

Meiiselbach,  moi'z?l-b3,K\  a  village  of  German 
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt,  6  miles  S.  of  Konigsce.    P.  l-* 

Meuselwitz,  moi'z?l-vtits\  a  town  of  Germany,  docj 
of  Saxe-Altenburg,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Gera.     Pop.  2T06. 

Mev'agis'sey,  a  town  of  England,  in  Cornwall,  on  t 
coast,  6  miles  S.  of  St.  Austell.  It  has  a  good  pier  am 
large  pilchard-fishery.     Pop.  of  parish,  2U73. 

Mewat,  a  town  of  India.     See  Alvar. 

Me  we,  m.\'w(;h,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  8  miles  >• 
of  Marienwerder,  on  the  A''istula.     Pop.  4071. 

Mew  Island,  one  of  the  Copeland  Islands.       ^ 

Mexcoac,  mdx-ko-ik',  a  town  of  Mexico,  8  miles ... 
the  city  of  Mexico. 


MEX 


1815 


MEX 


Mexia,  ma-he'a.  a  post-village  of  Limestone  co.,  Tex., 
,  the  Houston  &  Texas  Central  Railroad,  84  miles  S.  of 
kllas,  and  82  miles  N.  of  Bryan.  It  has  a  bank,  a  high 
lool  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a 
w-mill.  Pop.  in  1880,  1298;  in  1890,  1674. 
Mex'ico,  The  Republic  op  (Sp.  Mexico,  Merjico,  or 
Ijieo,  mfih'ne-ko;  Fr.  Mexiqne,  mdx'eek' ;  It.  Mesico, 
I'se-ko),  formerly  called  New  Spain,  a  country  in  the 
khern  part  of  North  America,  extending  from  lat.  15°  68' 
ii33°  5'  N.,  and  from  Cape  Catoche,  in  Yucatan,  Ion.  87° 
.'  W.,  to  Ion.  117°  5'  W.  Where  not  confined  by  the  sea,  it 
ix)unded  on  the  S.  by  Guatemala,  and  on  the  N.  and  N.E. 
I  the  United  States.  The  Rio  Grande  separates  it  from 
'sas  on  the  N.E.  The  general  contour  of  the  country  is 
'  -y  irregular.  The  distance  between  the  point  of  junction 
1  :h  the  United  States,  on  the  Pacific  coast,  and  Cape  Ca- 
Ihe,  in  the  Caribbean  Sea,  is  about  1925  miles.  The 
(satest  breadth  is  between  the  most  eastern  and  western 
]rt8  on  the  United  States  boundary,  where  the  distance 
i  m  the  Gulf  shore  to  the  Pacific  does  not  vary  much  from 
1)0  miles.  Within  its  limits  is  included  the  peninsula 
<  California,  extending  into  the  Pacific  about  700  miles, 
ith  a  breadth  varying  from  .30  to  150  miles,  and  separated 
i  ra  the  mainland  by  the  Gulf  of  California. 
Mountaint. — Mexico  is,  for  the  most  part,  an  enormous 
1  ge,  raised  by  volcanic  force,  between  two  oceans,  and 
linifying  into  several  chains.  On  entering  Mexico  from 
th  S.B.  the  ridge  acquires  greater  breadth,  so  that  the 
fllte  of  Oajaca  may  be  said  to  occupy  the  summit  of  a 
ijgle  ridge,  150  miles  wide,  falling  rapidly  on  one  side  to 
tB  shores  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  descending,  by  a  suc- 
(jision  of  terraces,  on  the  other  side,  to  Tabasco  and  Vera 
(hz ;  to  this  succeeds  the  great  Mexican  table-land,  be- 
pning  with  the  elevated  plains  of  Puebla,  Mesico,  Quere- 
t|o,  and  Michoacan,  which  have  an  absolute  height  of 
flm  6000  to  8500  feet,  a  chain  of  volcanic  cones  and  snowy 
flks  rising  at  wide  intervals  far  above  them.  Between 
t!  18th  and  21st  parallels  the  Mexican  chain  runs  N.  and 
a  Beyond  the  latter  limit  it  turns  N.W.,  and,  under  the 
mo  of  Sierra  Madre,  or  Tepe  Suenne,  extends  through 
tj  states  of  Queretaro  and  Guanajuato,  where  rich  silver- 
njies  abound.  N.  of  Guanajuato  it  divides  into  three 
bjnches,  of  which  the  middle  one  or  central  chain  con- 
tiles  to  the  N.W.  as  far  as  the  30th  parallel,  beyond 
Tikch  it  bends  N.  till,  under  the  name  of  Sierra  Verde,  it 
jns  the  Rocky  Mountains  in  lat.  45°  N.  The  E.  branch 
efends  through  the  state  of  San  Luis  Potosi,  gradually 
gking,  till,  in  lat.  26°,  it  disappears  on  the  border  of  the 
pfn  watered  by  the  Rio  Grande  del  Norte.  The  W.  branch 
spads  over  Guadalajara,  declines  N.  of  the  mines  of  Bo- 
Ifps,  and,  rising  again  in  the  states  of  Sinaloa  and  Sonora, 
f(ki3  in  the  latter  the  mountains  of  Pimeria  Alta,  cele- 
bted  for  their  gold-mines. 

tarting  from  Tehuantcpec,  on  the  shore  of  the  Pacific 
Own,  lat.  16°  20'  N.,  we  soon  reach  the  plain  of  Oajaca,  at 
a  eight  of  5500  feet,  and  thence  a  wheel-carriage  can  roll 
whout  difficulty  to  Santa  Fe,  in  New  Mexico  (lat.  36°  12' 
M  a  distance  of  above  1400  miles.  Though  some  parts  of 
til  route  might  fall  below  the  level  of  2000  feet  and  others 
nrly  reach  an  elevation  of  8000  feet,  yet  the  slopes  are  so 
gpual  as  to  offer  no  serious  impediment  to  the  construo- 
til  of  an  easy  road ;  but  the  descent  from  the  table-lands 
tahe  sea  is  everywhere  rugged  and  abrupt,  presenting 
gft  difficulties  in  the  way  of  carrying  goods.  In  going 
frjh  the  city  of  Mexico  (7400  feet)  to  Acapulco,  on  the 
Pliflo,  the  road  attains  a  height  of  8600  feet  before  the 
rad  descent  commences.  The  railway  between  the  capital 
a«  Vera  Cruz  is  regarded  as  one  of  the  greatest  feats  of 
morn  engineering. 

[he  loftiest  of  the  snowy  summits  and  volcanic  cones 
scjtered  along  the  Mexican  highland  lie  within  the  nar- 
r(j  zone  comprised  between  lat.  18°  29'  and  19°  12'  N, 
T  y  are  all  of  volcanic  origin,  ancl  in  several  of  them  the 
fiii  still  continue  raging.  Ascending  W.  from  the  shore 
Otoe  Mexican  Gulf,  a  little  S.  of  Vera  Cruz,  we  first  meet, 
laiiles  from  the  sea,  in  lat.  18°  24'  N.,  the  still  active  vol- 
m  of  Tuxtla  (5118  feet),  the  highest  point  of  the  Sierra 
d€an  Martin;  farther  N.  (lat.  19°  2'),  the  peak  of  Ori- 
tik,  17,380  feet,  its  flanks  covered  witli  rich  woods;  a  few 
in^s  farther  N.  (lat.  19°  28')  is  the  Cofre  de  Perote,  or 
Nttcampatepetl,  1.3,416  feet.  S.W.  of  these,  on  the  eon- 
flip  of  Puebla,  lat.  18°  35'  N.,  is  the  still  active  volcano 
oijPopocatepetl,  17,784  feet,  while  35  miles  farther  N. 
stjda  Iztaccihuatl,  15,705  feet  high.  The  Pico  del  Frayle, 
tb  highest  .point  of  the  Nevado  de  Toluca,  attains  the 
h4;ht  of  15,250  feet.  About  120  miles  AV.  of  this  moun- 
t»t  stands  Jorullo,  which  rose,  on  the  night  of  September 


28,  1759,  from  the  level  plain  to  the  height  of  4149  feet. 
Of  all  the  summits  here  named,  only  three — Popocatepetl, 
Orizaba,  and  Iztaccihuatl — rise  above  the  limit  of  perpetual 
snow,  which,  between  lat.  19°  and  20°  N.,  may  be  assumed 
to  be  an  elevation  of  15,000  feet,  though  varying  with  local 
circumstances.  The  Nevado  de  Toluca  reaches  that  limit, 
but  can  hardly  be  said  to  rise  above  it. 

In  Oajaca  granite  everywhere  breaks  through  the  super- 
incumbent rocks,  and  forms  the  highest  summits  of  the 
mountains.  Gneiss,  mica-slate,  and  syenite  extend  down 
from  the  central  ridge  to  the  sea  on  both  sides.  In  all 
these  rocks  are  found  auriferous  veins.  On  the  borders  of 
Guatemala  the  prevalent  rocks  are  porphyry  of  many  va- 
rieties, clay-slate,  and  limestone,  all  unbroken  by  granite. 
The  first  of  these  contains  veins  of  silver,  lead,  and  copper. 
In  Puebla  all  the  azoic  rocks  are  covered  by  enormous 
masses  of  calcareous  tuff.  Farther  N.  granite  seems  to  form 
everywhere  the  foundation  of  the  rocky  system,  while  the 
table-land  is  a  superstructure  of  porphyries,  which  contain 
(where  they  do  not  incline  to  trachyte)  those  rich  deposits 
of  the  precious  metals  for  which  Mexico  has  long  been  so 
famous.  Sandstone,  limestone,  clay-slate,  syenite,  serpen- 
tine, amygdaloid,  dolerite,  and  basaltic  lavas  accompany  the 
predominating  rocks. 

The  opposite  shores  of  Mexico  differ  widely  in  physical 
conformation.  The  great  current  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean 
sweeps  round  the  peninsula  of  Yucatan  and  through  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  causing  sand-banks  and  barring  of  the  river- 
mouths.  On  the  whole  coast  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  there  is 
no  bay  of  any  importance,  no  good  harbor,  easy  of  access, 
and  but  little  well-sheltered  anchorage.  Between  Yucatan 
and  Tabasco  lies  Laguna  de  Terminos,  45  miles  long  and 
30  miles  wide,  connected  with  the  sea  by  two  channels,  the 
deepest  having  but  two  fathoms.  Farther  W.,  on  the  coast 
of  'Tabasco,  the  Laguna  de  Santa  Ana,  though  deep  within, 
is  quite  inaccessible  to  shipping.  Similar  remarks  apply  to 
the  lagoons  of  Madero,  Tamiahua,  and  Tampico ;  beyond 
the  last-named  place  N.  extends  a  long  succession  of  sand- 
banks, fronting  the  shore,  and  exhibiting,  in  its  earlier 
stages,  the  process  of  forming  lagoons.  Here,  on  the  coast 
of  Tamaulipas,  we  find  the  lagoons  de  Morales,  de  Madre, 
de  Santander,  and  a  few  others,  all  difficult  of  approach 
and  rapidly  filling  up  with  sand.  On  the  W.  coasts  of 
Mexico,  from  Acapulco,  in  lat.  16°  50'  N.,  the  harbor  of 
which  is  landlocked,  deep,  and  capacious,  to  Guaymas, 
extends  a  series  of  fine  harbors,  capable  of  sheltering  the 
largest  vessels.  In  lat.  21°  32'  N.,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Rio 
Grande  de  Santiago,  is  the  noble  harbor  of  San  Bias ;  and 
in  lat.  23°  15'  N.  is  the  harbor  of  Mazatlan.  This  is  dif- 
ficult of  access,  and  inferior  in  most  respects  to  the  harbor 
of  Guaymas,  in  lat.  27°  40'  N.  The  E.  shore  of  the  Cali- 
fornia peninsula  offers  many  bays  and  small  havens.  Its 
W.  side,  towards  the  ocean,  is  less  indented. 

Mexico  is,  in  general,  sparingly  watered,  and  labors  under 
the  almost  total  want  of  navigable  rivers  reaching  the  inte- 
rior. Within  the  tropic,  the  streams,  descending  from  the 
elevated  interior  to  the  seas,  assume  the  character  of  rapid 
torrents,  dry  at  one  season  and  overflowing  at  another. 
The  longest  and  greatest  of  the  Mexican  rivers  is  the  Rio 
Grande  del  Norte,  called  also  Rio  Bravo  del  Norte,  which 
now  marks  a  portion  of  the  boundary  between  Mexico  ana 
the  United  States.  The  Rio  de  Tampico,  formed  by  the 
junction  of  the  Panuco  with  the  Tula  or  Montezuma,  flows 
N.E.  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico;  total  course,  about  200  miles. 
Small  vessels  may  ascend  the  Panuco  40  miles.  The  San 
Juan  rises  in  the  metalliferous  mountains  of  Oajaca,  flows 
S.  and  E.,  forms  the  great  lagoons  of  Tequiapa  and  Embar- 
cadero,  and  at  length  reaches  the  sea  through  the  Laguna 
del  Madero ;  it  is  navigable  for  ships  of  moderate  burden  24 
miles  above  its  mouth.  The  Coatzacoalcos  issues  from  the 
mountains  of  Tarifa,  lat.  17°  N.,  flows  W.,  between  the 
states  of  Oajaca,  Tabasco,  and  Vera  Cruz,  then,  winding 
round  to  the  N.  and  E.,  falls  into  the  gulf,  in  lat.  18°  8' 
27"  N.  This  river  has  attracted  much  attention,  because 
it  has  been  supposed  that  the  communication  between  the 
Mexican  Gulf  and  the  Pacific  might  be  effected  by  joining 
the  Coatzacoalcos  and  the  Chicapa  or  Chimalapa,  which  lat- 
ter rises  about  14  miles  from  the  sources  of  the  former,  and 
falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Tehuantepec.  The  rivers  flowing  into 
the  Pacific  Ocean  are,  towards  the  S.,  all  rapid,  and  im- 
portant only  as  they  water  coasts  more  or  less  populous. 
The  Rio  Balsas,  or  Zacatula,  descends  from  the  state  of 
Mexico,  and,  after  collecting  several  large  streams,  reaches 
the  ocean  with  a  broad  and  deep  channel,  navigable  for 
boats  a  good  way  up,  and  forms  at  its  mouth  the  little  har- 
bor of  Zacatula.  The  first  great  river  which  we  meet  with 
going  N.,  on  this  side,  is  the  Rio  Grande  de  Santiago,  or 


MEX 


1816 


MEX 


Rio  Tolotlan,  discharging  the  waters  of  Lake  Chapala,  the 
■eoond  in  magnitude  of  the  Mexican  rivers. 

Tito  hikos  and  lagoons  of  Moxioo  are  very  numerous, 
but  comparatively  unimportant.  The  largest  is  Lake  Cha- 
pala, in  Jalisco,  oovoring  an  area  of  15U0  square  miles. 

Moxioo  has  groat  diversities  of  climate  within  a  narrow 
compass.  The  principal  high  plains  in  the  vicinity  of  tho 
oity  of  Moxioo  are  the  valleys  of  Toluca,  8600  feet,  of 
Tenochtitlan,  7-100  feet,  of  Aotopan,  6450  feet,  and  of 
Istla,  3200  feet  above  soo-lovel.  The  valloy  of  Islla  pro- 
duces tho  sugar-cane,  Actopan  yields  cotton,  Tenoch- 
titlan is  rich  in  wheat  and  other  European  grains,  and 
Tuluoa  in  tho  agave,  from  which  is  made  the  popular 
bovorage  of  tho  country,  the  four  difloront  climates  being 
thus  distinctly  and  conspicuously  marked.  Mexico,  being 
to  a  groat  oxtont  a  table-land,  three-fifths  of  its  area  lying 
within  the  tropic,  has  not  a  tropical  but  a  temperate  climate. 
Tho  Mexicans  divide  their  country,  with  respect  to  climate, 
into  Tiorras  Calientos  (hot  lands),  which  rarely  exceed  900 
feet  in  elevation,  Tierros  Templadas  (temperate),  ranging 
between  4000  and  5000  feet,  and  Tierras  Fnas  (cold),  above 
7000  feet.  Tho  coasts  aro  hot,  humid,  and  unhealthy. 
Hore  the  rank  vegetation  reaches  down  to  the  sea-side; 
and,  in  the  shallow  water,  mangroves  and  mollusks  decom- 
\)ose  and  spread  postilonco.  The  plains  of  tho  interior, 
whore  tho  ovorgrocn  oak  predominates,  enjoy  a  delicious 
climate,  perfectly  healthy,  and  at  the  same  time  favorable 
to  luxuriant  vegetation.  Ilighcr  up,  tho  air,  more  rarefied, 
is  also  drier,  and  trees  of  vigorous  growth  disappear  with 
unexpected  rapidity.  Hence  a  large  proportion  of  tho  olo- 
Tatcd  plains  are  dry,  barren,  and  desolate.  Earthquakes 
are  of  frequent  occurrence,  particularly  in  Oajaca,  along 
the  S.  coast,  and  near  the  capital ;  but  they  aro  generally 
slight  and  do  little  damage.  Tho  most  remarkable  vol- 
canic phenomena  recorded  in  Mexico  in  modern  times  are 
the  rise  of  JoruUo  in  1759,  and  the  eruptions  of  Tuxtla  (S.  of 
Vera  Cruz)  in  1793-96. 

The  wild  animals  of  Mexico  are  extremely  numerous. 
The  bison,  or  buffalo,  in  Mexico  called  cibolo,  comes  in 
midwinter,  in  immense  herds,  from  the  northwest.  Tho 
grizzly  bear  inhabits  the  mountains  in  the  north  provinces. 
In  solitary  thickets,  near  lakes  and  rivers,  lives  tho  tapir. 
Among  tho  feline  animals  are  the  jaguar,  the  cougar,  or 
puma,  the  ocelot,  jaguarundi,  and  tiger-cat.  The  tagnicati 
and  javali  are  singular  species  of  the  peccary.  The  forests 
gwarm  with  porcupines,  ant-eaters,  gluttons,  sloths,  weasels, 
skunks,  armadillos,  cavies,  and  monkeys.  Among  the 
swimmers  we  find  tho  manati,  or  sea-cow  (chiefly  in  the 
lagoons  of  tho  E.  coast).  The  W.  coasts  are  frequented  by 
whales  and  seals.  Tho  feathered  tribes  of  Mexico  are 
countless.  In  the  rivers  we  find  the  crocodile  and  tho  cay- 
man. A  species  of  murex,  yielding  a  fine  purple  dye,  is 
found  on  both  coasts,  but  chiefly  on  the  W.  The  pearl- 
fishery,  once  so  profitable  in  the  Gulf  of  California,  has  de- 
clined. 

Mexico  is  abundantly  stocked  with  domesticated  animals, 
introduced  by  the  Spaniards.  Horned  cattle  and  horses 
bavo  indeed  grown  wild  in  many  parts,  and  now  occupy, 
in  immense  herds  and  droves,  the  great  plains  of  the  inte- 
rior. The  chief  cattle-fivrms  aro  in  tho  inner  states,  where 
herds  of  30,000  or  40,000  aro  not  uncommon.  The  grazier 
derives  all  his  gains  from  the  flesh,  fat,  and  hides  of  his 
cattle.  The  sheep-farms  are  mostly  in  the  N.  parts,  and, 
though  often  on  a  great  scale,  are  in  their  husbandry  very 
primitive  and  rude;  the  wool  is  coarse,  and  little  care  is 
bestowed  on  the  sheep.  Horses  are  very  numerous  in 
Mexico,  and  the  N,  frontiers  aro  frequented  by  immense 
droves  in  a  perfectly  wild  state.  Mules  aro  also  numerous ; 
100,000  of  them  are  said  to  be  constantly  employed  by  car- 
riers and  in  the  mines. 

Mexico  possesses  a  variety  and  abundanoo  of  vegetable 

? reductions  known  to  hardly  any  other  portion  of  the  earth. 
'he  forests  near  the  coast  display  the  grandest  forms  of 
tropical  vegetation.  There  may  be  seen  the  gigantic  ma- 
hogany, the  Brazil-wood,  the  Campeachy-wood,  ebony,  yel- 
low, and  iron  wood,  intermingled  with  tho  elegant  giant 
ferns  and  palms  without  number.  At  the  absolute  height 
of  3000  feet  oaks  begin  to  predominate,  associated  with 
euphorbias  and  acacias.  The  oak  disappears  generally  at 
the  height  of  10,000  feet,  while  the  pine  species  extend  be- 
tween the  elevations  of  6000  feet  and  12,500  feet.  Plants 
of  the  cactus  family  are  widely  difl'used.  The  best  culti- 
vated districts  of  Mexico  are  those  which  aro  situated  near 
gome  of  the  richest  mines  in  the  plains.  In  the  wildest  and 
dreariest  spots  of  the  Cordilleras  the  opening  of  mines  has 
never  failed  to  call  tillage  into  existence.  On  many  parts 
of  the  table-land  agriculture  is  much  checked  by  the  scarcity 


of  water,  to  remedy  which  reservoirs  and  canals  of  in 
tion  have  boon  constructed  at  great  expense.  Of  tlio  m 
of  food  cultivated  by  the  Mexicans  the  most  iiupon 
maize.     Tho  districts  most  distinguished  by  the  oultu 
this  grain  are  tho  S.  and  E.  p.\rt3  of  tho  state  of  M, 
the  states  of  Pucbia,  Queretaro,  and  Oajaca,  and  tho  ik. 
borhood  of  Aguas  Calientos,  in  Zacatccas.    Wheat  and  iui 
ley  are  cultivated  successfully  at  an  elevation  of  7000  fc« 
Inhabitants  of  tho  Tierras  Calientos  and  the  sea-coasts  loo 
for  their  ordinary  food  to  the  banana  and  i)lantaio.    I 
the  same  region  belongs  tho  manioc.    Another  importu 
object  of  cultivation  is  Spanish  pepper  (capticum),  whic 
is  consumed   by  the  inhabitants  in  enormous  quantititt 
Among  the  cultivated  plants  of  Mexico  there  is  none  nioi 
important  or  characteristic  than  tho  maguey  {Afjuvt  Amci 
icana),  from  the  sap  of  which  is  prepared  the  favorite driu 
of  all  classes.   Tho  filaments  of  tho  thick,  fleshy  leaves  wrv 
for  the  same  purposes  as  hemp.    Wines  of  excellent  qualit 
are  produced;  but  this  branch  of  culture  and  industry 
still  only  in  its  infancy.    Tho  olivo  has  received  considei 
able  attention.    The  oil  made  is  equal  to  the  best,  an 
already  nearly  sufiiccs  for  tho  home  con8uni])tiun. 

Sugar  was  exported  from  Mexico  in  large  quiiutitieg  undt 
the  Spanish  government.  At  the  present  day  tlio  amoui 
of  it  produced  hardly  suflicos  for  home  consumption,  Stil 
a  very  great  extent  of  Mexican  territory  is  adapted  to  tis 
growth  of  tho  sugar-cane,  and  a  plantation  in  Vera  Cri 
yields  nearly  twice  as  much  as  ono  in  Cuba.  Theconiuiui 
tion  of  cofl'ee  by  the  Mexicans,  and  the  exportation,  ore  rui 
idly  increasing.  Though  it  was  from  Mexico  that  Eurof 
first  learned  the  use  of  chocolate,  the  culture  has  doclioei 
Vanilla  is  another  Mexican  product.  Tobacco  is  extensive) 
produced;  all  the  inhabitants,  male  and  female,  smok 
and  tho  consumption  of  it  in  tho  country  is  enormous.  Cgi 
ton  was  cultivated  extensively  in  Mexico  before  the  arrivi 
of  the  Spaniards,  and  the  plant  is  not  an  annual  as  in  tl 
United  States,  but  continues  productive  for  several  year 
Tho  cochineal  insect,  so  valuable  for  its  dye,  is  a  nati\ 
product  of  Mexico.  Mexico  formerly  produced  a  considei 
able  amount  of  silk,  but  not  much  is  now  grown. 

Mexico  is  very  rich  in  mines  of  silver,  gold,  mercury,an 
tho  useful  metals,  and  the  product  of  the  silver-mines  iso 
great  value  and  importance. 

The  chief  manufactures  are  sugar  and  rum,  aloes,  wir 
and  brandy,  earthen-  and  stone-ware,  gl.ass,  pajjcr,  andtl 
thread  and  tissues  of  cotton,  wool,  and  silk.  Sugar  an 
rum  arc  made  in  numerous  districts.  The  preparation  o 
olive  oil  employs  many  mills.  There  has  been  latterly 
somewhat  successful  movement  to  extend  and  elevate  tl 
character  of  Mexican  manufactures. 

The  foreign  trade  of  Mexico  is  chiefly  confined  to  the  in 
portation  of  linens,  woollens,  cottons,  silks,  wines,  brandic 
ornamental  wares,  glass-  and  iron-wares,  millinery,  papc 
quicksilver,  oil,  wax,  and  salted  and  dried  fish. 

Tho  chief  articles  of  export  are  silver,  gold,  deer-skin 
hides,  ores,  sisal  hemp,  mahogany,  vanilla,  cochineal,  ooffe 
cacao,  cattle,  archil,  rubber,  sarsaparilla,  indigo,  jalap,  gum 
wool,  <tc.  The  construction  of  several  important  railway 
amounting  in  the  aggregate,  in  18S7,  to  over  3400  mile 
has  done  much  to  promote  the  prosperity  of  the  country. 
The  population  of  Mexico  comprises  persons  of  white  d' 
scent,  Indians,  and  mestizoes,  or  people  of  mixed  race.  1 
parts  of  the  coast-country  there  is  some  admixture  of  Afr 
can,  and  even  of  Malay,  blood.  The  Spanish  language 
everywhere  prevalent,  but  many  of  the  Indians  retain  tl 
use  of  the  ancient  languages.  By  far  the  greater  part  ( 
the  people  are  of  Roman  Catholic  faith,  but  all  religionsa: 
tolerated.  There  is  a  considerable  movement  towards  Pro 
estantism  in  many  of  the  large  towns,  and  a  dcnominatic 
called  "  the  Church  of  Jesus,"  in  communion  with  the  Pro 
estant  Episcopal  church,  has  lately  sprung  up.  Amor 
tho  Indians  there  are  some  pagan  tribes.  Before  theadvci 
of  the  Spaniards  some  tribes  had  attained  to  a  certain  dt 
gree  of  civilization.  They  were  good  smiths,  good  masoDi 
had  made  some  advance  in  tho  arts  of  design ;  they  roistj 
great  edifices,  constructed  vast  works,  pyramids,  roads, aquj 
ducts,  bridges,  Ac;  they  had  a  more  accurate  calendar,  ar 
ono  lietter  adjusted  by  intercalation,  than  tho  Egyptian: 
Greeks,  and  Romans ;  and,  finally,  they  had  a  system  ( 
picture-writing,  by  means  of  which  they  recorded  mai 
facts,  and  tho  Mayas  of  the  S.E.  had  a  phonetic  alpbabc 
Monuments  remain  attesting  their  boldness  of  design  Mj 
progress  in  the  arts  of  construction.  There  are  exteMi;| 
remains  of  the  city  of  Tenochtitlan,  near  the  modem  Me 
ico,  with  its  dikes,  aqueducts,  and  fragments  of  a  bridj 
Oajaca  is  rich  in  ancient  remains,  among  which  t''*^,'.! 
are  the  palace  and  pyramid  of  tho  Zapotekas  at  MlB 


MEX 


1817 


MEX 


Aither  pyramid,  or  tcocnlli,  is  to  be  seen  near  Cliolula. 
NJr  Viilanueva,  in  Zacatccas,  are  the  remarkable  ruins 
kiiwn  as  Los  Edificios.  In  Vera  Criu,  are  the  pyramids  of 
P.Wnlla,  built  of  colossal  masses  of  porpliyry.  The  ex- 
te^ive  ruins  of  Palenque,  in  Chiapas,  are  well  known,  but 
thi  are  surpassed  by  those  of  Itzalana,  in  Yucatan. 

lexico  is  a  federal  republic,  formed  somewhat  upon  the 
mkl  of  that  of  the  United  States.  The  names,  areas,  and 
niulatiun  of  the  states  are  officially  estimated  as  follows: 


States. 


Kfia  Calientes 

Ciibniia,  Low.  (territory). 

Cii|ieacby. 

CIlJMl.. 

Cl>}i»liua.c 

Oifiuiln 

Co|ia 

Diifcigo. 

Guliijuutu 

Gnrcro. 

lliko 

Jail 

M< 

Jli 

JI 

M. 

Kill 

Oa 

Pir 

Qu|taro. 

Siiij 

Son 

Tal[<-.> 

Taitiliii 

TIakla. 

VerPniz 

Yiii 

Zai 


bu  (ilibtrict)., 
liiicaii 


Leuu.. 


\iaX 741,313 


Area  in 

SI],  m. 


2,895 
61,544 
25,827 
10,042 
8:5,727 
6(1,889 

3,746 
42,498 
11,409 
24,544 

8,158 
39,103 

7,837 

85 

23,707 

1,776 
23,026 
3:i,571 
12,015 

3,205 
27,494 
30,189 
78,997 
11,846 
30,225 

1,621 
20,225 
29,560 
22,992 


Pop. 

1884. 


140,430 
30,198 
90,413 
242,029 
225,251 
144,594 
72,591 
190,852 
968,113 
353,193 
434,096 
983,484 
710,579 
42(i,«04 
784,108 
141,565 
201,732 
701,274 
784,406 
203,250 
610,486 
20I,91S 
143,924 
104,747 
Wo,l:j7 
138,478 
582,441 
302.315 
422,500 


10,447,974 


Capitals. 


Aguas  Calientes. 

La  I'az. 

Campeacliy. 

Sail  Cristobal. 

Chihuahua. 

Saltillu. 

Colima. 

Durango. 

Guanajuato. 

Tixfliu 

Pacliuca. 

Gundali^jara. 

Toluca. 

Mexico. 

Slurelia. 

Cueriiaraca. 

Monterey. 

Oiyaca. 

Puelila. 

Queretaro. 

San  Lui.s  Potosl. 

Ciiliacan.^ 

Uros. 

S.  Juan  Bautista. 

Victoria. 

Tlascala. 

Vera  Cruz. 

Merifla. 

Zacatccas. 


Oithis  population  about  5,000,000  are  Indians,  and 
ovefl,()00,000  native  whites,  chiefly  of  Spanish  descent, 
smainder  being  mixed  races,  except  about  60,000 
Eurleans,  mostly  Spaniards. 

G]ti-nmeiit  mill  HItitori/. — Mexico  was  discovered  in  151 7, 
by  Ijincisco  Ilcrnandoz  Cordova,  who  sailed  along  the  coast 
froUy/ape  Catochc  to  Campeachy  Bay.  In  1519  Hernando 
Cort  landed  where  Vera  Cruz  now  stands,  and  ascended 
the  ble-land,  the  numerous  inhabitants  of  which  (the 
Aztt)  he  found  United  under  a  sovereign  called  Monte- 
Eum  but  the  dominion  of  the  Aztecs  did  not  extend  over 
all  t  table-lands.  After  two  years  of  warfare,  Cortez  suo- 
ccedlin  overturning  the  power  of  the  Aztecs,  and  the  small- 
er stjEs  were  subjected  to  the  Spaniards  almost  without  a 
•trufile.  Cortez  having  firmly  established  his  authority 
in  thcountry,  a  considerable  number  of  persons  emigrated 
from9)ain  to  Mexico,  and  there  acquired  great  wealth  in 
minit,  as  merchants,  and  as  officers  of  government.  The 
eoun|r  continued  in  this  state  for  nearly  three  centuries. 
The  kt  revolutionary  movement  took  place  in  1810,  and 
was  (Jefly  fomented  by  the  clergy.  In  1820,  the  viceroy, 
Apfidfa,  received  orders  to  proclaim  the  constitution  of 
1812  being  himself  averse  to  the  measure,  he  sent  Colonel 
Iturl|e,  but  really  to  sound  the  wishes  of  the  people. 
Iturtjo,  however,  raised  the  standard  of  revolt,  and  the 
crowiwas  offered  to  a  Spanish  prince,  but,  the  proposal 
bein^ejected  by  the  Spanish  Cortes,  the  Mexican  Cortes 
proceed  to  carry  out  their  scheme  of  national  independ- 
ence, pd,  in  May,  1822,  elected  their  general,  Don  Au- 
gustiilturbide.  Emperor  of  Mexico.  The  new  monarch, 
howet,  abdicated  and  left  the  country  in  April,  1823, 
but,  rjiirning  the  next  year,  was  taken  and  shot  at  Padilla. 
The  eiieriuient  of  a  monarchy  having  failed,  the  plan  was 
now  t^>J  of  a  federal  re])ublic,  copied,  in  many  particulars, 
from  lat  of  the  United  States.  This  scheme,  though  it 
enooujered  much  opposition,  was  ultimately  adopted  in 
iebrii-y,  1824.  The  first  president  was  General  Guada- 
lupe |;toria.  In  18.35,  Santa  Anna  changed  the  federal 
into  afentral  republic.  Hard  pressed  by  his  rival  IJusta- 
wentdie  seems  to  have  felt  little  scruple  as  to  the  means 
by  with  he  conciliated  parties.  In  the  mean  time,  the 
dist'inhrovinccs  showed  an  inclination  to  push  too  far  the 
princite  of  independence.  Yucatan  was  disaffected  ;  Texas, 
fille<l  th  adventurers  from  the  United  States,  revolted, 
and  et.blished  its  independence  by  a  victory  in  which  the 
Alexici  general,  Santii  Anna,  was  taken  prisoner.  This 
;8ucc«s,jil  revolt  of  Texas  was  an  event  pregnant  with  im- 
115 


portant  consequences :  in  ten  years  more  the  new  state  Tai 
annexed  to  the  United  States ;  then  came  the  war  of  the 
latter  with  Mexico,  which  was  concluded  in  February,  lS-18. 
by  Mexico  yielding  to  the  United  States  the  provinces  of 
New  Mexico  and  Upper  California.  In  1863  a  French  army 
invaded  Mexico  and  occupied  the  capital.  Under  the  pa- 
tronage of  Napoleon  III.,  Maximilian  of  Austria  was  Em- 
peror of  Mexico  from  1864  until  1867,  when  he  was  shot, 

and  the  republic  was  again  proclaimed. Adj.  and  inhab. 

Mexican,  mfix'e-kan. 

Mexico,  a  state  of  the  republic  of  Mexico,  having  S. 
Morelos,  and  on  the  other  sides  the  states  Michoacan,  Que- 
retaro,  Hidalgo,  and  Puebla.  Area,  7837  square  miles. 
Pop.  in  1882,  710,679.  The  surface  in  the  N.  belongs  to  the 
Anahuac  plateau.  Principal  rivers,  the  IJolsas,  Lerma, 
and  Montezuma.  There  are  rich  silver-mines  at  Tasco  and 
Tehulilotepcc;  also  quarries  of  marble,  <fcc.  Chief  cities, 
Toluca  (the  capital),  Tenancingo,  Lerma,  and  Zimapan. 
The  city  of  Mexico  is  in  a  separate  district  of  85  square 
miles,  with  a  pop.  of  315,996. 

Mexico,  Mejico,  or  Megico  (Aztec,  Tenochtiilan), 
the  capital  city  of  Mexico,  in  a  noble  plain  1700  square 
miles  in  extent,  enclosed  by  mountains,  containing  many 
fine  lakes,  and  7460  feet  above  the  sea.  Lat.  19°  25'  7" 
N.;  Ion.  99°  5'  W.  Estimated  pop.  of  town,  350,000. 
"When  taken  by  Cortez  in  1521,  it  occupied  several  islandd 
in  Lake  Tezcoco,  and,  although  still  having  the  same  site, 
it  is  now,  owing  to  various  causes,  2i  miles  distant  from 
the  lake.  It  is  encircled  by  walls  and  entered  by  gates, 
to  which  several  thoroughfares  lead.  In  the  city  proper 
the  houses  are  mostly  of  stone,  built  around  court-yards, 
seldom  more  than  one  story  in  height,  flat-roofed,  and 
decorated  by  painting  and  mosaic  work  on  the  outside; 
streets  regular  and  well  paved,  in  straight  lines,  directed  to 
the  four  cardinal  points;  public  edifices  numerous,  substan- 
tial, and  in  good  style.  The  chief  place  in  Mexico  is  the 
great  scjuare  (Plaza  Mayor),  two  sides  of  which  are  formed 
by  the  cathedral,  national  palace,  museum,  and  a  new  mar- 
ket-place ;  the  other  sides  are  bordered  by  arcades  in  front 
of  the  Purinn,  a  bazaar,  the  town  hall,  exchange,  Ac.  The 
cathedral,  500  feet  in  length  by  420  feet  in  breadth,  is  of 
mixed  Gothic  and  Indian  architecture,  and  gorgeously  or- 
namented, having  also  a  high  altar  with  a  statue  of  the 
Virgin,  the  dress  of  which  is  said  to  contain,  besides  other 
gems,  diamonds  to  the  value  of  $3,000,000.  The  national 
palace  comprises  government  offices,  mint,  and  prison.  The 
city  has  a  botanic  garden,  barracks,  hospitals,  and  asylums. 
The  university  is  a  fine  old  monastic  building.  There  are 
60  churches  and  40  Franciscan  and  Dominican  convents,  a 
college  of  engineers,  several  theatres,  two  great  aque- 
ducts, an  academy  of  arts,  a  public  library  of  105,000 
volumes,  a  fine  national  museum,  manufactures  of  gold 
and  silver  lace,  silversmiths'  work,  coaches,  woollen  and 
beaver  goods,  and  a  government  cigar-factory.  Mexico  is 
the  terminus  of  the  great  railway  from  Vera  Cruz,  and  of 
several  minor  railway  lines.  Its  princi)>al  streets  are  trav- 
ersed by  tramways.  Mean  temperature,  January,  52.5''} 
July,  65.3°  Fahr. 

Mexico,  Gulf  OP.    See  Gulf  op  Mexico. 

Mex'ico,  a  post-village  in  Jefferson  township,  Miami 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Eel  River,  and  on  the  Eel  Piiver  Kailroad, 
6  miles  N.  of  Peru.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and 
manufactures  of  carriages  and  lumber. 

Mexico,  a  post-hamlet  in  Mexico  township,  Oxford  co., 
Me.,  on  the  Androscoggin  River,  about  40  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Lewiston.  It  has  a  steam  lumber-mill  and  manufactures 
of  rake-handles.     Pop.  of  the  township,  458. 

Mexico,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Audrain  co..  Mo.,  Is 
on  a  branch  of  Salt  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas 
City  A  Northern  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Louisiana 
&  Missouri  River  Railroad  and  the  South  Branch  of  the 
last-named  railroad,  60  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Jefferson  City, 
108  miles  W.N.W.  of  St.  Louis,  and  about  50  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Louisiana.  It  contains  9  churches,  2  newspaper  offires, 
3  banks,  a  high  school,  the  Hardin  College  (female),  a 
woollen -factory,  and  a  plough-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  4789. 

Mexico,  a  post-village  in  Mexico  township,  Oswego  Co., 
N.Y.,  on  Salmon  Creek,  and  on  the  Rome,  Watertown  k 
Ogdensburg  Railroad,  16  miles  E.  of  Oswego,  and  9  miles 
S.W.  of  Pulaski.  It  contains  5  churches,  an  academy,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  tannery,  and  2  flouring-mills. 
Pop.  1204.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake 
Ontario,  and  contains  villages  named  Colosse,  Texas,  and 
Union  Square,  and  a  pop.  of  3761. 

Mexico,  a  post-village  of  Wyandot  co.,  0.,  on  Sandusky 
River,  9  miles  S.  of  Tiffin.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mexico,  a  post-village  of  Juniata  co.,   Pa.,   on   tb« 


L 


MEX 


1818 


MIA 


Juniata  River,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  44  miles 
N.W.  of  Harrisbur)'.     It  has  2  churches. 

Aleximicux,  ntAx'ee'mo-uh',  iv  town  of  Franco,  in  Ain, 
SO  miles  K.S.E.  of  Tr6voux.     Pop.  1982. 

Mexiqiie,  the  French  name  of  Mkxico. 

Mcxiitlan,  mdx-Ioot-l&n',  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  and 
100  inilos  N.K.  of  Mexico. 

Mcycnbiirg,  ml'fn-biSSRa^,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Brandenburg,  73  miles  N.W.  of  Berlin.     Pop.  1039. 

Mcycnfeld,  Switzerland.    See  Mayrnkkld. 

Meyer*  ml'^r,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  South  Dakota, 
borders  on  Nebraska.  Area,  about  144U  square  miles.  It 
is  drained  by  affluents  of  White  River.  Pop.  in  1H80,  1 15. 
The  UoTcrnment  census  of  1890  gives  no  returns  of  the 
population  for  that  year. 

Meyers,  mi'^rz,  a  station  in  Nicholas  oo.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Mnysville  &  Lexington  Railroad,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Paris. 

Meyersdale*  mi'^rz-dale,  a  post-borough  of  Somerset 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  AVashington  &  Baltimore  Kail- 
road,  at  its  junction  with  the  Salisbury  Railroad,  113  miles 
S.E.  of  Pittsburg,  and  37  miles  N.W.  of  Cumberland,  Md. 
It  has  6  churches,  2  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  a  flour-mill, 
and  2  furniture-factories.  Coal  is  mined  near  this  place. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1847. 

Meyer's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co..  Mo. 

Mcyersville,  mi'^rz-vil,  a  hamlet  in  Schuylkill  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  2  miles  from  Mahanoy 
City,  and  36  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Mauch  Chunk. 

Meyersville,  a  post-office  of  De  Witt  oo.,  Tex. 

Mcylen,  a  town  of  Switzerland.    See  Meilen. 

Meymac,  mi,^mik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Corr^ze,  9 
miles  W.  of  Ussel.     Pop.  1570. 

Meyomced,  a  village  of  Persia.    See  Mei-Omeed. 

Meyon,  mi-yon',  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
between  Celebes  and  Qilolo.     Lat.  1°  15'  N. ;  Ion.  127°  E. 

Meyringcn,  a  town  of  Switzerland.    See  Meirixgen. 

Meyrueis,  maiu*w4',  a  town  of  France,  in  LoziSre,  12 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Florae,  on  the  Yonte.     Pop.  1949. 

Meyssac,  mi'sik',  a  village  of  France,  in  Corrdze,  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Brives-la-Gaillarde.     Pop.  915. 

Mcysse,  mls's^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Brabant,  6 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  2576. 

Meyzieux,  mi'ze-uh',  a  village  of  France,  in  Isfire,  17 
miles  N.  of  Vienne.     Pop.  1504. 

Mezfio  Frio,  mi-z6wN«'  free'o,  a  town  of  Portugal, 
Tras-os-Montes,  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Villa  Real.    Pop.  1536. 

M^ZC,  maiz  or  miz,  a  seaport  town  of  France,  in  116- 
rault,  on  the  Etang  de  Thau,  19  miles  S.W.  of  Montpellier. 
Pop.  6501.  Its  harbor  accommodates  vessels  under  60  tons 
burden.  It  has  an  important  trade  in  wine,  also  salt- 
works and  distilleries. 

M6zel,  mi^zSl',  a  village  of  France,  in  Puy-de-D»me, 
arrondissemcnt  of  Clermont-Ferrand.     Pop.  1081. 

Mezen,  Mezene,  or  Mesen,  m6z-ain',  a  river  of 
Russia,  rises  in  the  S.  part  of  the  government  of  Vologda, 
flows  N.W.,  and  falls  into  the  bay  of  its  own  name,  in  the 
White  Sea.     Length,  450  miles, 

Mezen,  Mezeuc,  or  Mesen,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment and  150  miles  N.E.  of  Archangel,  situated  on  the 
above  river,  about  18  miles  above  its  mouth  in  the  AVhite 
Sea.  It  has  2  churches,  and  a  small  haven,  at  which  it  car- 
ries on  a  trade,  chiefly  in  furs,  tallow,  whale  and  seal  oil, 
and  fish.     Pop.  1412. 

Mdzi^rcs,  m4z^e-aiR'  or  m&^ze-aiR'  (L.  Macerite  Ma- 
deriacnm),  a  strongly-fortified  town  of  France,  capital  of 
the  department  of  Ardennes,  on  a  peninsula  formed  by  the 
Mouse,  47  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Reims.  Pop.  6204.  It 
communicates  by  a  suspension-bridge  with  Charleville,  on 
the  opposite  side  of  the  Meusc,  and  has  a  fine  Gothic 
church,  in  which  Charles  II.  espoused  Isabella  of  Austria. 
In  1520  the  troops  under  the  Chevalier  Bayard  successfully 
defended  it  against  40,000  Spaniards. 

M6zi^res-en>Brenne,  mi*ze-aiR'-6N»-br8nn,  a  town 
of  France,  Indre,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Le  Blanc.     Pop.  1835. 

M6zin,  a  mountain  of  France.    See  Ckvennks. 

Mczin,  mi^ziN"'  (L.  Meninum),  a  town  of  France,  in 
Lot-et-Garonne,  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Nerac,  on  the  G^lise. 
It  has  manufactures  of  hats,  oil,  flour,  Ac.     Pop.  1939. 

Mczingcn,  WUrtembcrg.     See  Metzisgen. 

Mezo  Bereny,  mi'zo  b.Vrfin',  a  village  of  Hungary, 
CO.  and  7  miles  N.W.  of  B6kes.  Pop.  10,915.  It  has  a 
Protestant  gymnasium. 

Mez5  Kovezsd,  mA'zci  ko^'Szhd',  a  town  of  Hungary, 
CO.  of  Borsod.     Pop.  9196. 

Mez5  Tur,  mi'zci*  tooR',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Heves,  on  the  Berettyo,  and  on  a  railway,  57  miles  S.W.  of 
Debrcczin.     It  has  manufactures  of  pottery.     Pop.  20,447. 


Mezzana-Bigli,  mSt-s&'n&bocryco,  a  vilbn  ol 
Italy,  in  Piedmont,  on  the  Po.     Pop.  3(ll"J. 

Aiezznna-Murtiglicngo,  mJt-si'ni-mon-tecl  • '  ■ 
go,  a  village  of  Italy,  10  miles  from  Uiulla.     Pop,  i;, 

Mezzaiiego,  mdt-sil-ni'go,  a  village  of  Italy,  ;i  i 
from  Uorzonasca.     Pop.  2117.  i 

Mczzani,  nidt-s&'nee,  a  village  of  Northern  Italr  U 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Parma.     Pop.  4208. 

Mezzanino,  mdt-8&-nee'no,  a  village  of  Ital*  \, 
Piedmont,  on  the  Po.     Pop.  1817. 

Mczzenile,m6t-8i-neo'IA,  a  village  of  Piedmont, pror 
ince  and  23  miles  N.W.  of  Turin.     Pop.  2755. 

Mezzo,  mid'zo  or  mfit'so,  or  Lopiid,  lo-pood',  u 
island  of  Austria,  on  the  coast  of  Dalmatia,  about  7  ai|« 
N.W.  of  Ragusa,  3  miles  long  by  2  miles  broad. 

Mezzojuso,  mfit-so-yoo'so,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Sicilj 
18  miles  S.E.  of  Palermo.     Pop.  7161. 

Mezzo -Lombardo,  mit'so-lom-ban'do,  a  market 
town  of  Austria,  Tyrol,  10  miles  from  Trent.    Pop.  3377, 

Mezzovo,  a  mountain  of  Turkey.    See  Pindus. 

Mezzovo,  mfit-so'vo,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  1 
Epirus,  23  miles  E.N.E.  of  Yanina,  in  a  mountAin-cluni 
on  both  sides  of  the  Arta.     It  has  about  1000  house*. 

Mgleen,  or  Mglin,  m'glecn,  a  town  of  Russia,  gor 
ernment  and  128  miles  N.E.  of  Chernigov.     Pop.  6165. 

Mhar,  m'har,  a  town  of  British  India,  72  miles  S.S.I 
of  Bombay,  on  a  navigable  river,  25  miles  from  the  sea. 

Mheysur,  m'hi-s&r',  a  town  of  Indi.a,  dominion  and  4 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Indore,  on  the  Nerbudda.  It  has  a  !tot 
fort,  containing  a  palace  and  several  Hindoo  temples,  at 
communicating  with  the  river  by  a  fine  range  of  gh.iuu. 

Mhow,  m'hfiw,  a  town  of  India,  dominion  and  12  mil 
S.  of  Indore.     It  is  important  as  a  military  station. 

Mhow,  a  town  of  India,  Allahabad,  76  miles  S.^y.( 
Benares.     Lat.  24°  37'  N.;  Ion.  81°  50'  E. 

Mhow,  a  town  of  India,  British  Bundclcund.  Lat.  2i 
20'  N.;  Ion.  79°  7'  E.     Pop.  9258. 

Mhow,  or  Mow,  a  town  of  India,  53  miles  N.E.( 
Benares.     Pop.  10,271.  | 

Mhye,  or  Mahy,  ma-hi'  (anc.  Mais),  a  river  of  Indl 
after  a  S.AV.  course  of  more  than  300  miles  throngh  tl 
Bombay  and  Baroda  territories,  enters  the  Gulf  of  Cambi 
by  a  mouth  5  miles  across. 

Miago,  mee-i'go,  a  town  of  the  Philippines,  on  th« 
coast  of  Panay,  35  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Iloilo.     Pop.  SO.OM. 

Mi(\jadas,  or  Miaxadas,  me-i-ii&'nilg,  a  town  1 
Spain,  province  and  30  miles  S.E.  of  Caceres.    Pop. 480! 

Miako,  a  town  of  Japan.     See  Kioto. 

Miallet,  mee'irii',  a  village  of  France,  in  Dordogi 
13  miles  E.  of  Nontron.     Pop.  1790. 

Miami,  mi-&m'i,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Indian 
has  an  area  of  about  360  square  miles.  It  is  inteneck 
by  the  Wabash  and  Eel  Rivers,  and  is  nli-o  drained  by  t 
Mississinewa  River  and  Pipe  Creek.  The  surface  is  near 
level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  sugar-map 
oak,  Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oati,  lui 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersect 
by  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Kaiirot 
the  Wabash  Railroad,  and  the  Lake  Erie  <t  Western  Rt 
road,  the  latter  two  of  which  connect  with  Peru,  the  capit 
also  by  the  Wabsish  &  Erie  Canal.  Pop.  in  1870,  21,»4 
in  1880,  24,083;  in  1890,  25,823. 

Miami,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Kansa?,  borderi 
on  Missouri,  has  an  area  of  about  588  square  miles.  It 
intersected  by  the  Marais  des  Cygnes  or  Ofagc  Kiver, « 
also  drained  by  Bull,  Wea,  and  Pottawatomie  Creeks.  I 
surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  a 
woodlands.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  About  yO  per  eel 
of  it  is  prairie.  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  wheat,  and  li' 
stock  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  minerals  are  lin 
stone  and  bituminous  coal.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Km 
City,  Fort  Scott  &  Memphis  Railroad,  the  .Missouri.  Kan 
A  Texas  Railroad,  and  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad. : 
of  which  connect  with  Paola,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  I'i 
11,725;  in  1875,  12.667;  in  1880,  17,802;  in  1S»0,19,«, 

Miami,  a  county  in  the  W.S.W.  part  of  Ohio,  hai  | 
area  of  about  396  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  byi, 
Miami  River  and  the  west  branch  of  that  river.  The« 
face  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  about  one-fourin 
it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  very  fertile,  "lit 
Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  butter,  and  pork  are  the  il:< 
products.  Lower  Silurian  limestone,  of  the  Cincmo 
group,  underlies  part  of  the  soil.  This  county  w  i">' 
sected  by  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  A  Uayton  Railroad' 
the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  A  St.  Louis  Baiiro 
also  by  the  Miami  A  Erie  Canal.  Capital,  Troy.  f^P 
1870,  32,740;  in  1880,  36,158;  in  1890,  39,754. 


MIA 


1819 


MIC 


liami^  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dade  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
J!  mi  River  where  it  empties  into  Biscayne  Bay. 

[ianii,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  938. 

[iami;  a  post-village  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.,  on  Deer 
Cpk,  and  on  the  Lake  Erie  <fc  Western  Railroad,  63  miles 
Nff  Indianapolis.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures 
ofloots  and  shoes,  tiles,  <te.     Pop.  about  300. 

[iami,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  951, 

{[iaini,  a  post-town  of  Saline  co..  Mo.,  in  Miami  town- 
gh',  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  about  9  miles 
alio  Brunswick,  and  44  miles  N.  of  Scdalia.  It  has  a 
nc'|«paper  office,  a  savings-bank,  5  churches,  a  flour-mill, 
anlft  carriage-shop.  Pop.  742;  of  the  township,  3622. 
Mmi  Station  on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern 
R^^ad  is  on  the  N.  side  of  the  river,  1  or  2  miles  from 
Mini. 

iinmi,  a  township  of  Clermont  co.,  0.  Pop.  3491.  It 
co^iins  Milford. 

Jiami,  a  township  of  Sreeno  co.,  0.     Pop.  2784.     It 
tins  Clifton  and  Yellow  Springs. 

jiami,  a  township  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.  Pop.  2105.  It 
oc4iies  the  S.AV.  angle  of  the  state,  and  contains  Miami- 
to\j.    See  MiAMiTOWN. 

■iaini,  a  township  of  Logan  co.,  0.  Pop.  1768.  It 
coijiins  De  Graff  and  Quincy. 

iaini,  a  station  of  Lucas  co.,  0.,  on  the  Wabash  Rail- 
Toii  7  miles  S.W.  of  Toledo. 

jiami,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  0.  Pop.  4418. 
Tt  eludes  Miamisburg,  Carrollton,  and  Alexandria. 

liaiiii  City,  a  former  village  of  Montgomery  co.,  0., 
onlie  W.  bank  of  the  Miami  River.  It  was  merged  in  the 
oitjof  Dayton  in  1868. 

ianii  Creek,  Bates  co..  Mo.,  runs  southeastward,  and 
enrs  the  Osage  River  about  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Butler. 

.|iaini  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  hamlet  of  Thurston  co., 
Wihington,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Olympia. 

Jiami  River,  a  small  stream  of  Dade  co.,  Fla.,  rises 
in  \a  Everglades,  and  Hows  southward  into  Biscayne  Bay. 

lami  (or  Great  Miami)  River,  Ohio,  rises  in  Ilar- 
ditlo.,  and  drains  part  of  Logan  co.  It  runs  southwest- 
wai  through  Shelby  co.,  and  southward  through  Miami 
CO. I  Dayton.  Below  this  city  it  flows  southwestward,  in- 
terjts  the  cos.  of  Butler  and  Hamilton,  and  enters  the 
Oh  River  at  the  S.W.  extremity  of  the  state,  about  3 
mil  above  Lawrenceburg,  Ind.  It  is  nearly  200  miles 
Ion  The  chief  towns  on  this  river  are  Hamilton,  Dayton, 
Picji,  Troy,  and  Sidney.  It  traverses  a  fertile,  undu- 
Inti^  country,  and  runs  alongside  the  Miami  Canal  from 
Picji  to  Dayton,  from  which  city  the  canal  extends  south- 
wa:j  to  Cincinnati.    See  Little  Miami. 

Bamisburg,  mi-am'Iz-burg,  a  post-village  in  Miami 
ton^hip,  Montgomery  co.,  0.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Miami 
RiY.  and  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Dayton  and 
Clcjland,  Columbus  &  Cincinnati  Railroads,  11  miles 
S.St',  of  Dayton,  and  40  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Cincinnati.  It 
hasj  bridge  across  the  river,  which  here  affords  water- 
pov|r.  It  contains  a  bank,  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
a  nphine-shop,  2  flouring-mills,  a  jjaper-mili,  and  manu- 
&clfies  of  reapers,  sash,  hubs,  sjrokes,  &o.  P.  (1890)  2952. 

iliami  Station,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co..  Mo.,  on 
thejt.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern  Railroad,  about  1 
milN.  of  the  Missouri,  and  10  miles  S.W.  of  Brunswick. 

Kjam'itown,  a  village  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Miiji  River,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  2 
chujhes  and  a  newspaper  office.  The  name  of  its  post- 
ofSciis  Miami. 

fliami  University,  Ohio.    See  Oxford. 

Aam'iville,  a  post-village  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  on  the 
LitV  Miami  River,  and  on  the  Little  Miami  Railroad,  17 
mili  N.E.  of  Cincinnati.     It  has  a  church. 

Aane,  me-l'n4,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Treviso, 
oircjof  Valdobbiadene.     Pop.  3549. 

flian'ee,  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Punjab,  division  of 
Julder.    Pop.  7706. 

Afanna,  or  Miana,  me-in'nl,  a  town  of  Persia,  in 
Azcfaijan,  on  the  Sefeed-Rood,  80  miles  S.E.  of  Tabreez. 

A^nns,  mi-an'us,  a  post-village  in  Greenwich  town- 
•hijlPairfield  co..  Conn.,  |  of  a  mile  from  the  New  York  & 
Neflaven  Railroad  (Cos  Cob  Station),  25  miles  W.S.W. 
of  lidgeport,  and  2  miles  from  Long  Island  Sound. 

Bjarim,  me-i-recNo'^  or  Mearim,  m.\-8,-recN<»',  some- 
timi  called  the  Maranhfto,  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in 
the',  part  of  the  state  of  Maranhao,  receives  numerous 
afflilits,  and  falls  into  the  Bay  of  Sao  Marcos.  Length, 
aboj  360  miles. 

Ajarim,  or  Mearim,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  75 
™il\S.  of  Maranhao,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name. 


Mias,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Miias. 

Miasino,  me-i-see'no,  or  Masino,  mi-see'no,  a  vil- 
lage of  Italy,  division  of  Novara.     Pop.  1100. 

Miava,  mee'6h'voh\  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Neutra, 
on  the  Miava,  an  affluent  of  the  Morava,  48  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Presburg.  Pop.  9637.  It  has  manufactories  of  wool- 
len cloth  and  bagging,  distilling,  and  a  trade  in  hemp. 

Miaxadas,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Miajadas. 

Mica,  mi'ka,  a  post-office  of  Pickens  co.,  Ga. 

Mic^ano'py,  a  post-village  of  Alachua  co.,  Fla.,  12 
miles  S,  of  Gainesville,  3  miles  W.  of  Orange  Lake,  and 
about  44  miles  W.  of  Palatka.  It  has  4  churches  and  sev- 
eral orange-groves.     Pop.  494. 

Mi'caville,  a  post-office  of  Yancey  co.,  N.C. 

Miccosukee,  mik-o-siik'ee,  or  Mick^asuck'ie,  a 
post-village  of  Leon  co.,  Fla.,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Tallahassee. 

Michaelsville,  mi'kelz-vil,  a  post-village  of  Harford 
CO.,  Md.,  3  miles  from  Perrymansville. 

Miciiailov,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Mikhailov. 

Michaux  (me'shoz')  Fer'ry,  a  post-office  of  Powhatan 
CO.,  Va. 

Michelsberg,  mee'K?ls-bfinG\  a  town  of  Bohemia,  30 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Pilsen.     Pop.  1000. 

Micheistadt,  mee'K§l-stitt\  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Ilesse,  21  miles  S.E.  of  Darmstadt.     Pop.  3162. 

Miches'ebee,  asmall  river  of  Saginaw  co.,  Mich.,  flows 
into  the  Shiawassee  near  its  junction  with  the  Flint. 

Michic,  Bay  co.,  Mich.    See  Maxwell. 

Miciiiels-Gestcl,  mee'Hcels-H^s't?!,  a  village  of  the 
Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant,  on  the  Dommel,  4i  miles  S. 
of  Bois-le-Duc.     Pop.  3316. 

Michigamme,  mish-§-gam'me,  a  post-office  and  min- 
ing village  of  Marquette  co.,  Mich.,  on  a  lake  of  its  own 
name,  and  on  the  Marquette,  Houghton  &  Ontonagon  Rail- 
road, 37  miles  W.  of  Marquette.  It  has  a  church.  It  is 
supported  by  iron-mines.     Pop.  about  1200. 

Michigamme  (or  Michigam'ing)  River,  Michi- 
gan, rises  near  the  E.  border  of  Houghton  co.,  runs  south- 
ward through  Marquette  co.,  and  unites  with  the  Bois  Brul6 
River  to  form  the  Menomonce. 

Michigan,  mish'e-gan  (formerly  mish-e-g!ln'),  one  of 
the  upper  Lake  states  of  the  American  Union,  consisting  of 
two  detached  peninsulas,  of  which  the  northernmost  has 
Lake  Superior  on  the  N.,  Tequamenon  Bay  and  the  river 
St.  Mary  on  the  E.,  Lakes  Huron  and  Michigan  on  the  S., 
and  the  state  of  Wisconsin  on  the  S.W. ;  while  the  south- 
ernmost is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Lakes  Huron,  St.  Clair,  and 
Erie,  and  the  rivers  St.  Clair  and  Detroit,  on  the  W.  by 
Lake  Michigan,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  states  of  Ohio  and  In- 
diana, its  north'ern  angle  reaching  the  Strait  of  Mackinaw, 
which  divides  it  from  the  N.  peninsula.  The  state  also  in- 
cludes several  islands,  of  which  the  largest  are  Isle  Royala 
and  Grand  Island  in  Lake  Superior,  Drummond  and  Sugar 
Islands  in  Lake  Huron,  and  the  Manitou  group  in  Lake 
Michigan.     Area,  68,915  square  miles. 

Face  of  the  Coiintri/. — The  southern  peninsula  is  the  prin- 
cipal seat  of  wealth  and  population.  Its  characteristio 
features  are  the  grandly  extensive  forests  of  white  pine  and 
deciduous  timber-trees  in  the  N.,  the  sand-dunes  of  the 
western  lake-coast,  the  bluffy  shores  of  Lake  Huron,  with 
its  deeply-indenting  bays,  the  picturesque  oak  openings  or 
natural  parks  of  the  centre  and  S.,  and  the  fertile  prairies 
of  the  S.W.  This  peninsula  is  a  very  level,  fruitful  region, 
abounding  in  lakes  and  streams,  the  latter  not  large,  but  In 
many  cases  navigable  to  a  considerable  extent,  while  others 
afford  much  water-power.  The  streams  of  the  northern 
forests  are  much  resorted  to  in  the  season  for  taking  the 
trout  and  grayling,  which  hero  abound.  The  undulating 
surface  culminates  in  a  ridge  or  watershed  which  does  not 
rise  more  than  300  feet  above  the  lake-level  (574  feet),  and 
there  are  occasional  conical  hills  or  knolls.  The  northern 
peninsula  has  in  general  a  roughly  mountainous  surface,  an 
almost  frigid  climate,  and  a  niggardly  soil  ;  but  its  mineral 
wealth  is  very  remarkable.  Its  mountains  (Porcupine  and 
Mineral  ranges),  though  rugged,  have  not  a  great  absolute 
elevation,  and  in  some  portions  the  forests  are  a  source  of 
wealth. 

Geologij.  Northern  Peninsula. — This  region  consists  Ot 
a  central  area  of  eozoic  or  Laurentian  and  lluronian  age, 
flanked  to  the  E.  and  S.E.  on  the  one  hand  and  to  the  W. 
and  N.W.  on  the  other  by  extensive  fields  of  the  Silurian 
strata.  The  eozoic  region  affords  immense  beds  or  quarries 
of  rich  magnetite,  and  of  a  slaty  specular  iron  ore  or  red 
hematite,  sometimes  150  feet  deep,  and  of  unrivalled  purity 
and  excellence.  This  is  quarried  and  shipped  by  lake  and 
by  rail,  and  is  largely  smelted  in  the  iron-works  of  Penn- 
sylvania, Ohio,  Indiana,  and  Illinois,  both  alone  and  when 


MIC 


1820 


MIC 


mixed  with  less  refractory  but  inferior  ores.     It  is  also 

•  (wrought  in  the  furnaces  erected  on  the  spot,  charooal  and 
oharred  peat  serving  as  fuel,  for  the  peiit  deposits  of  this 

,nregion  nru  extensive  and  valunblo.  The  nuiiibor  of  mines 
•Hn  operation  in  188U  wa.s  Ti,  and  the  output  6,856,169  long 
•^ns,  representing  40. fit  per  cent,  of  the  tutul  product  of 
the  entire  country.  Beds  of  marble  lie  S.  and  S.W.  of  the 
iron  country.  In  the  northwestern  Silurian  district,  upon 
the  Kowoeaatr  peninsula,  and  to  tho  S.W.,  extend  the 
Mineral  Mountains  or  Copper  Range,  where  lurgo  and 
•uiiiU  masses  of  pure  and  nearly  pure  native  copper  are 
inined,  with  occasional  veins  richly  alloyed  with  silver, 
wliiuh  also  occurs  hero,  native  or  pure,  in  small  quantities. 
Thcfo  are  among  the  most  valuable  copper-mines  in  the 
United  States.  The  product  for  1889  wns  87,455,675 
ijnounds,  which  was  exceeded  only  by  the  yield  of  Montiina. 
The  copper-mines  of  Isle  lloyalo  belong  to  this  geological 
formation,  and  on  the  Canadian  side  of  tho  lake  tho  Algoma 
country  affords  not  less  rich  deposits  of  copper,  with  much 
'more  silver.  Abundant  evidence  exists  in  the  copper-region 
that  the  mines  were  wrought  in  prehistoric  timos,  and  tho 
'native  copper  implements  of  the  old  mound-builders  wore 
very  probably  derived  from  this  source.  The  copper  is 
I'mainly  in  threads  and  lumps  filling  amygdaloidal  cavities 
in  a  conglomerate  or  in  a  sandstone.  Southern  Feninsula. — 
'^Hero  the  geological  features  are  very  different  from  those 
of  the  N.  Devonian  and  carboniferous  strata  cover  most 
of  the  state,  but  their  lithological  character  and  organic  re- 
^mains  are  peculiar,  and  the  strata  cannot  in  general  bo 
iplainly  identified  with  those  of  corresponding  age  elsewhere 
in  the  United  States.  Tho  coal  measures  proper  cover  parts 
of  at  least  15  counties,  including  187  townships,  with  an 
approximate  area  of  6700  square  miles,  reaching  from  Kaw- 
kawlin  southward  to  Jackson,  and  from  Ionia  eastward  to 

•  Holly.  The  coal  is  mined  principally  at  Jackson,  but  the 
thickest  beds  are  farther  N.  It  is  bituminous,  but  not  of 
tigh  excellence,  and  serves  chiefly  for  local  and  railroad 
use,  and  tho  total  output  is  small.  Salt  is  extensively 
manufiictured  from  the  waters  of  artesian  wells.  Tho 
annual  product  of  tho  state  is  nearly  4,00U,0U0  barrels.    I'c- 

'troleum  has  been  obtained  to  some  extent,  especially  north- 
ward, and  inflammable  oil-bearing  shales,  both  Devonian 
and  carboniferous,  are  abundant  at  various  points.  Thoro 
is  a  liandsome  black  marble  found  in  tho  coal  measures. 
Useful  mineral  waters  are  reported  in  nearly  all  parts  of 
the  southern  peninsula.  Gypsum,  for  land-plaster  and  for 
stucco-work,  lime,  glass-sand,  grindstones,  tiro-clay,  and 
■building-stone  are  among  the  useful  mineral  products. 

Objects  of  Interest  to  7'oitrigt*. — Among  these  are  tho 
famous  Pictured  llocks  of  wind-  and  wave-worn  sandstone 
on  Lake  Superior ;  the  iron-  and  copper-mines;  the  canal 
and  rapids  of  Sault  Ste.  Marie,  on  St.  Mary's  River,  tho 
outlet  of  Lake  Superior;  the  remarkable  artiticial  channel 
and  works  for  the  improvement  of  navigation  through  the 
flats  in  Lake  St.  Clair;  tho  so-called  magnetic  and  other 
-«nineral  wells  of  Grand  Haven,  Grand  Ledge,  Lansing,  Ac. 
'Mackinac  is  a  favorite  summer  resort. 

Agricultural   Resources. — Few    sections    of    the    United 
»8tvte3  excel  the  southern  peninsula  of  Michigan  as  a  farm- 
ing region.     The  soil  has  sand  enough  in  its  compo.sition  to 
■•vender  agriculture  easy,  while  all  the  other  elements  of  fcr- 
vHrility  are  present  in  large  measure.     The  oak  openings  and 
•dry  prairies  were  first  settled;   tho  wet  prairic-lanils  fol- 
'lowed,  their  drainage  proving  easy,  profitable,  and  advan- 
'tageous  to  public  health.     As  tho  dense  forests  are  pushed 
.♦northward  by  the  swift  demands  of  commerce,  a  hardy  class 
vof  pioneer  farmers  follows  the  lumberman,  and  tho  forest 
■jlands,  when  subdued,  prove  to  be  among  tho  best  wheat 
'lands  known.     In  the  W.  and  S.W.  occurs  the  great  fruit- 
'^belt  of  the  state,  where  the  proximity  of  Lake  Michigan 
so  qualifies  the  west  winds  that  even  tho  poach  succeeds 
admirably.     Here  much  of  the  soil  is  light  and  sandy.     As 
*far  N.  as  Grand  Traverse  tho  climate  is  not  too  cold  for 
!*«uccessful  agriculture.     The  winter  wheat,  oats,  and  pota- 
^es  of  the  state  are  of  excellent  quality,  and  are  pro(luced 
abundantly.      Other  leading  products  arc   butter,  cheese, 
wool,  beef,  pork,  rye,  barley,  buckwheat,  hay,  beans,  pease, 
hops,  flax,  flaxseed,  clover-  and  grass-seeds,  ma]>le  sugar, 
r'Wax,  honey,  sorghum  and  maple  syrups,   <tc.     Excellent 
.'■borses  and  cattle  are  bred  for  tlie  Eastern  markets.     Grape- 
i:  culture  is   successful   in  the  S.,  and  wine  is  a  noteworthy 
•  jprod'ict.     In  tho  S.W.  the  growing  of  peppermint  and  other 
:  'ncrbs  for  distillation  and  druggists'  use  is  extensively  car- 
,  •ried  on.     Of  the  northern  peninsula  the  resources  are  com- 
liparatively  undeveloped,  and  its  severe  climate  and  rough 
••urface  will  bo  obstacles  to  its  speedy  settlement  by  agri- 
eulturists. 


Manufacture: — The  noble  white-pine  forests  of  the 
at  present  afford  the  chief  supjily  of  that  cxcullint  li 
In  1870  the  production  of  sawed  lumber  to  the  valu. 
more  than  $.31,000,000  placed  tho  state  far  in  udvano*  of 
any  other  state  in  this  industry,  and  sinco  ihiu  iiiQ«  ,(,, 
has  undisputedly  maintained  the  firtit  rank.  Dr.  • 
pine,  Michigan  cuts  much  oak,  majilo,  and  other 
timber,  as  well  as  spruce,  hackmatack,  heuiluck,  and  , ,  ■ 
kinds  of  coarse  lumber.  The  S.  side  of  the  N.  peninml,,  u 
admirably  adapted  to  tho  lumber-businea.*,  having  unlimit«J 
water-power  and  accessible  waters  fur  navigation,  with  larin 
forests  as  yet  comjiaratively  untouched.  Wherever  miii'li 
occur  on  the  streams  of  the  lower  peninsula,  thriving  inanu 
facturing  towns  have  sprung  uj).  Among  tho  forcKt  projc 
ucts  are  tanners'  bark,  bark-extract,  charcoal,  and  putosh. 
Manufactures  of  wooden-ware,  furniture,  and  o'horiimilM 
goods  are  carried  on  upon  an  immense  scale  in  thecitlnof 
Michigan.  llcfcrcn>-c  has  already  been  made  to  the  ia. 
portant  manufactures  of  iron,  salt,  Ac.  To  these  we  muit 
add  the  manufacture  of  farm-im])lcinent8,  leather  inii 
leather  goods,  woollens,  cottons,  machinery,  hollow-wartu 
castings,  Ac.  Those  industries  are  already  well  established, 
the  combination  of  water-power,  cheap  and  easy  transuorto- 
tion,  cheap  and  excellent  provisions,  and  a  oonrenicnt 
market  having  given  this  state  peculiar  advantages  in  this 
regard.  The  presence  of  a  large  manufacturing  class  hu 
also  very  materially  increased  the  profits  of  farming. 

Commerce. — The  extent  of  lake  coast  is  far  larger  thai 
that  of  any  other  state.  Good  natural  harbors  exist  at 
Grand  Island,  L'Anse,  Eagle  Harbor,  and  other  jwinti  on 
Lake  Superior;  at  Escanaba,  Porte  des  Jlorts,  Grund  Irar- 
ersc,  and  elsewhere  on  Lake  Michigan;  at  Th under  liajr^ 
Hammond's  Bay,  Presque  Isle,  Ac,  on  Lake  Huron;  be- 
sides which  many  of  tho  river-mouths  and  coast-lagooM 
have  been  converted  by  artificial  means  into  s.afe  and  ex 
cellent  harbors,  tho  United  States  Congress  having  uade 
largo  appropriations  for  these  and  kindred  improvements. 
Notwithstanding  the  existence  of  numerous  railroiuls,  tbo 
lake  commerce  still  thrives,  and  is  especially  adapted  to  the 
transhipment  of  coal,  iron  ore,  lumber,  and  other  bulky 
freights.  Detroit,  Marquette,  Port  Huron,  and  Grand 
Haven  are  ports  of  entry.  The  catch  of  white-fish,  trout, 
grayling,  herring  (so  called,  but  it  is  kindred  to  the  vrhite- 
fish),  pickerel,  sturgeon,  and  other  fish  is  very  important. 

The  railroads  of  Michigan  in  184G  measured  2.'iS  miles; 
in  1850,  .342  miles;  in  1855,  474  miles;  in  1860,779  miles; 
in  1865,941  miles;  in  1870,  1638  miles;  in  1875,3381 
miles;  in  1880,3935  miles;  in  1885,5301  miles;  and  in 
1890,  7106  miles. 

Finances. — Tho  state  is  practically  out  of  debt,  the  HD 
matured  bonds  representing  her  liabilities  being  covered 
by  an  equal  amount  of  United  States  4i  per  cent,  bonds 
held  by  the  treasury.  The  total  equalized  valuation  of  the 
taxable  property  of  the  state  is  about  $945,000,000, 

Counties,  &c. — There  are  (1800)  85  counties:  Alcona,  Al- 
ger, Allegan,  Alpena,  Antrim,  Arenac,  Baraga,  Barry,  B»y, 
Benzie,  Berrien,  Branch,  Calhoun,  Cass,  Ciiarlevoix,  Che- 
boygan, Chippewa,  Clare,  Clinton,  Crawford,  Delta,  Dick- 
inson, Eaton,  Emmet,  Genesee,  Gladwin,  Gogebic,  Grand 
Traverse,  Gratiot,  Hillsdale,  Ilongliton,  Huron,  Ingliam, 
louia,  Iosco,  Iron,  Isabella,  Isle  Royale,  Jackson,  Kiiliuna- 
zoo,  Kalkaska,  Kent,  Keweenaw,  Lake,  Lapeer,  Leelanaw, 
Lenawee,  Livingston,  Luce,  Mackinac,  Maooriib,  Manirtoe, 
Manitou,  Marquette,  Mason,  Mecosta,  Menominee,  iVlidlund, 
Missaukee,  Monroe,  Montcalm,  Montmorency,  Muskegon,^ 
Newaygo,  Oakland,  Oceana,  Ogemaw,  Ontonagon,  Osotola, 
Oscoda,  Otsego,  Ottawa,  Presque  Isle,  Koscommon,  Sagi- 
naw, St.  Clair,  St.  Joseph,  Sanilac,  Schoolcraft,  Shiawassee, 
Tuscola,  Van  Buren,  Washtenaw,  Wayne,  and  Wexford. 

The  principal  towns  are  Detroit  (pop.  in  1890,  205,876),' 
Grand  Rapids  (00,278),  Saginaw  (46,322),  Bay  City' 
(27,839),  Muskegon  (22,702),  Jackson  (20,79S),  Kala- 
mazoo (17,853),  Port  Huron  (13,543),  Battle  Creek 
(13,197),  Lansing,  the  capital  (1.3,102),  West  Bay  Cityj 
(12,981),  Manistee  (12,812),  and  Alpena  (11,283).  \ 

Education.— The  system  of  public  instruction  In  tWi 
state  i»  admirably  planned,  and  is  zealously  supported  oj 
the  people.  Schools  are  sup))orted  by  general  and  lo» 
taxation  and  the  income  of  school-funds  derived  from  t« 
sale  of  certain  state  lands,  with  other  moneys  speciallj 
appropriated.  Graded  schools  are  maintained  wherever  m 
population  is  dense  enough  to  warrant  their  cft;ibru-bmept 
There  arc  state  and  county  and  city  supcrintcndenU,  »«' 
state  and  local  boards  of  education.  The  high  schools  »n 
afliliated  with  tho  state  university  at  Ann  Arbor,  wbicn 
open  to  both  sexes  and  einbraces  a  normal  course  a 
Bchoolfl  of  science,  law,  medicine,  homoeopathy,  and  piw 


MIC 


1821 


Mia 


na .  The  state  agricultural  college  near  Lansing  is  free 
to  I.  There  are  denominational  and  other  colleges  at 
Adln,  Albion,  Benzonia,  Battle  Creek,  Hillsdale,  Holland 
Oit>  Kalamazoo,  Olivet,  &o.,  all  open  to  youth  of  either 
teJ  At  Coldwater  is  a  state  school  for  the  children  of 
paibrs ;  a  reform  school  at  Lansing ;  one  for  deaf-mutes 
at  fnt;  normal  schools  at  Ypsilanti  and  Leoni;  besides  a 
larinumber  of  private  and  cliurch  schools  and  seminaries 
of  '\  grades.  Compulsory  school  attendance  is  provided 
for  Ji^  statute.  Among  the  Northern  Indians  there  are  some 
18  pited  States  mission  and  other  schools.  Other  public 
insiiutions  are  the  state  prison  at  Jackson,  and  the  state 
ins;J8  asylum,  Kalamazoo. 

(lenimeiit. — The  governor  and  the  members  of  the  legis- 
latil  ''■re  elected  every  two  years.  The  constitution  for- 
bidlxll  licenses  for  selling  intoxicating  liquors  and  all 
gtatjippropriations  for  the  aid  of  private  corporations  or 
denjiinational  schools.  Judges  of  courts  are  elected  for 
fixcterms.  Voters  must  have  lived  three  months  in  the 
Btatiand  ten  days  in  the  district  where  the  vote  is  cast. 
Thclate  has  nine  representatives  in  the  Federal  Congress, 
andleven  electoral  votes. 

}\}ulatioi>. — In  1810  the  population  was  4762;  in  1820, 
889!  in  1830,31,639;  in  IS-IO,  212,267 ;  in  1850,  .397,654; 
in  !60,  749,113:  in  1870,1,184,059;  in  1880,1,636,937; 
in  [yo,  2,093,889.  The  number  of  Indians  in  the  state 
in  !90  was  6991,  mostly  Chippewas,  and  many  of  them 
lloi'n  Catholics.  As  a  rule,  they  have  become  citizens  of 
thelnited  States  and  of  the  state. 

/iltory. — Before  1700  the  French  had  colonized  Detroit 
andkackinaw ;  and  the  country  passed,  with  the  rest  of 
Cania,  into  English  hands  in  1763.  Then  followed  the 
corn'racy  of  Pontiac,  the  destruction  of  Mackinaw,  and 
the  Joge  of  Detroit.  The  British,  after  the  Revolution, 
did  k  evacuate  Michigan  until  1796.  In  1805  the  Mich- 
iganCorritory  was  constituted  out  of  the  old  North- West 
Teripry ;  but  its  boundaries  were  not  those  of  the  present 
etalcYnd  at  one  time  it  extended  westward  to  the  Missouri 
Riv«,' including  the  present  states  of  Wisconsin,  Minnesota, 
loH-Jand  part  of  the  Dakotas.  In  1837  Michigan  was 
admted  to  the  Union  with  its  present  limits.  The  terri- 
tory as  the  scene  of  active  operations  during  a  part  of  the 
war  f  1812-15.  After  its  admission  as  a  state,  Michigan 
mad'jrery  rapid  progress  in  population  and  wealth,  which 
prog^s,  since  the  termination  of  the  war  of  1801-65,  has 
becniipecially  manifest  in  the  manufacturing  and  mining 
intoAs  and  in  railroad  extension. 

M(higan,  a  township  of  Clinton  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  1732. 
It  coiains  Michigantown. 

Mjhigan,  a  township  of  La  Porte  cc,  Ind,  Pop. 
4683;  It  contains  Michigan  City. 

iM[higan  Bar,  a  post-village  of  Sacramento  co.,  Cal., 
on  tlJ^Cosurane  River,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Latrobo,  and  28 
milosi.  by  S.  of  Sacramento.     It  has  a  Chinese  temple. 

iM;higan  Bin  If,  a  post-village  of  Placer  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  ijddle  Fork  of  the  American  Pviver,  about  56  miles 
E.N.jof  Sacramento.  Gold  is  found  near  this  place,  which 
18  miitly  supported  by  mining.     Pop.  in  1890,  377. 

Miliigan  Central  Junction,  a  station  of  Cook  co., 
111.,  (I  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  and  Michigan  Central  Rail- 
roftdsi4  miles  S.  by  E.  of  the  terminal  station  of  the  former 
railrtS  in  Chicago. 

Mijiigan  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co., 
MichSn  Leoni  township,  on-  the  Michigan  Central  Rail- 
road,'miles  E.  of  Jackson.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill, 
and  aWit  20  families. 

Mihigan  City,  a  post-town  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.,  on 
Lakelichigan,  about  38  miles  by  water  E.S.E.  of  Chicago. 
By  raj-oad  it  is  56  miles  from  Chicago,  90  miles  N.  of  La- 
fayetij  and  13  miles  N.W.  of  La  Porte.  It  is  on  the  Mich- 
igan jntral  Railroad,  .and  is  the  N.  terminus  of  the  Louis- 
ville, lew  Albany  &  Chicago  Railroad  and  of  the  India- 
napol  Peru  &  Chicago  Railroad.  It  contains  8  churches, 
a  natiial  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  Ames  College,  and  the 
Ndr'.ltn  State  Prison.  It  has  manufactures  of  railroad- 
cars,  j.airg,  furniture,  lumber,  wagons,  boots,  shoes,  sash, 
blindiic.  Here  are  workshops  and  round-houses  of  the 
Michi|i,n  Central  Railroad  and  of  the  Louisville,  New 
Albar  A  Chicago  Railroad.     Pop.  in  1890,  10,776. 

Mijiigan  City,  a  post-village  of  Benton  co..  Miss.,  on 
c'wT  '^'■'*"^"^'  '^'-  I^oiis  &  Chicago  Railroad,  6  miles 
S.W.  Grand  Junction,  Tenn.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour- 
mill,  jd  a  lumber-mill. 

Mi'iigan,  Lake,  the  largest  lake  which  is  entirely 
inoluc!!  within  the  United  States.  It  is  one  of  the  five 
gfoat  i.kes  the  waters  of  which  enter  the  sea  through  the 
w.  Uarence  River.     It  forms  the  B.  boundary  of  Wiscon- 


sin, and  the  W.  boundary  of  the  lower  peninsula  of  Mich. 
igan,  and  touches  parts  of  Illinois  and  Indiana.  It  extends  • 
from  lat.  41°  35'  to  46°  N.,  and  is  about  335  miles  long. 
The  broadest  part,  which  is  opposite  Milwaukee,  is  about  Sft'.' 
miles  wide,  and  the  narrowest  part  is  50  miles  wide  or  more. 
The  surface  is  computed  to  be  600  feet  higher  than  the  level, 
of  the  sea.  Area,  about  20,000  square  miles.  The  mean, 
depth  is  variously  estimated  at  900  or  1000  feet.  Theshores 
are  generally  low.  This  lake  is  connected  with  Lake  Huron 
by  the  Strait  of  Mackinac,  which  is  at  the  N.E.  extremity 
of  Lake  Michigan  and  is  its  outlet.  The  principal  cities 
on  its  shores  are  Chicago,  Milwaukee,  Racine,  and  Manito- 
woc. It  encloses  but  few  islands,  which  are  in  the  northern  ■ 
part.  The  largest  of  them  is  about  15  miles  long.  The 
largest  rivers  that  flow  into  this  lake  arc  the  St.  J<)se|)h,  the 
Grand,  the  Kalamazoo,  the  Muskegon,  the  Manistee,  the 
Monoraonee,  ami  the  Fox. 

Michigantown,  a  post-village  in  Michigan  township, 
Clinton  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Frankfort  &  Kokomo  Railroad,  31. 
miles  S.  of  Logansport,  and  8  miles  J). N.E.  of  Frankfort. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  flouring-mill,  an  ele- 
vator for  grain,  »tc.     Pop.  315.  • 

Michigan  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Osago  co.,  Kansas. 

Michipicoteii,  mish'e-pe-ko'ten,  a  bay  of  Lake  Su- 
perior, North  America,  on  its  N.  side  in  Canada.  Lat.  47" 
55'  N. ;  Ion.  85°  30'  W,    In  it  is  an  island  of  the  same  name. 

Michipicoten,  a  considerable  river  of  Ontario,  falls.' 
into  Lake  Superior  on  the  N.  shore,  about  125  miles  N.  of 
Sault  Ste.  Marie.  This  river  has  its  source  from  lakes  on. 
the  S.  side  of  the  Height  of  Land  dividing  the  waters  of 
Hudson's  Bay  and  L.ako  Superior.  It  abounds  with  pike, . 
sturgeon,  .and  speckled  trout.  The  distance  to  the  Height  of  : 
Land  is  some  70  miles.  Moose  River,  which  falls  into  James's 
Bay  at  JIooso  Factory,  rises  in  Misinabe  Lake,  on  the  N. 
side  of  the  Height  of  Land.  These  two  rivers  constitute  the 
canoe-route  between  Lake  Superior  and  Hudson's  Bay,  there: 
being  only  a  short  portage  to  connect  the  sources  of  both, 
rivers.  There  are  39  portages  and  179  rapids  on  this  canoe- 
route  between  Lake  Superior  and  Hudson's  Bay. 

Michipicoten  Iliver,  a  post-vill.age  in  the  district  of 
Algoraa,  Ontario,  120  miles  N.N.E.  of  Sault  Ste.  Marie.  It> 
was  once  noted  as  the  Hudson's  Bay  depot  for  supplying 
goods,  ic,  for  the  trade  to  Lakes  Superior  and  Huron.  The 
establishment  is  within  3  miles  from  Gros  Cap  Harbor,  in 
Lake  Superior,  one  of  the  best  harbors  in  the  lake.  "The 
coast-line  is  very  irregular.  In  this  district  copper,  plum- 
bago, and  iron  have  been  found. 

Michle,  miK'li,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  4  miles  from 
Prague,  and  the  property  of  its  university.     Pop.  1000. 

Michinash,  the  Scriptural  name  of  Mukiimas. 

Michoacan,me-cho-!l-kin',  orMechoacanjmi-cho- 
d-kin',  sometimes  called  Valladolid,  vil-yi-do-leed',  a 
maritime  state  of  Mexico,  between  lat.  18°  and  21°  N.  and  Ion. 
100°  and  104°  W.,  having S.AV.  the  Pacific.  The  Bolsas,  with 
its  aftluents, and  the  Lermaandits  tributaries,  form  itsprin.-. 
cipal  rivers.  Area,  23,707  square  miles.  Surface  greatly 
diversified.  Mountains  traverse  its  N.  and  central  parts, 
and  in  it  is  the  volcano  of  Jorullo.  The  lakes  are  numerous, 
and  that  of  Chapala  forms  part  of  its  N.W.  frontier.  The 
soil  is  generally  fertile.  The  products  comprise  maize, 
wheat,  pulse,  potatoes,  manioc,  cotton,  sugar,  indigo,  hemp, 
flax,  aloes,  and  tapinzezan,  which  last  is  peculiar  to  this 
region.  The  mountain-sides  arc  clothed  with  forests  of  fine 
woods,  and  gold,  silver,  and  lead  are  procured  in  consider- 
able quantities,  mining  industry  being  here  of  the  first  im- 
portance. 'The  produce  is  mostly  sent  by  land  to  Mexico 
and  elsewhere,  this  state  having  no  seaport.  Capital,  More- 
lia.  The  principal  towns  are  Pascuaro  and  Zamora.  Pop.- 
(official  estimate  of  1890)  801,91.3. 

Mickleton,  mik'^l-ton,  a  post-h.amlet  of  Gloucesteif 
CO.,  N..J.,  in  Greenwich  township,  on  the  West  Jersey  Rail- 
road (Swedesborough  Branch),  14  miles  S.W.  of  Camden. 
It  has  a  Friends'  meeting  and  a  public  hall. 

Mi'co,  a  post-oftico  of  Jones  oo..  Miss. 

Miconi,  an  island  of  Greece.    See  Mvcovus. 

Microne'sia  (derived  from  the  Greek  for  "small* 
islands"),  a  collective  name  applied  to  certain  groups  of 
small  islands  in  the  Pacific,  namely,  the  Ladrone  and  Caro- 
line Islands,  the  Radack  and  Ralick  chains,  the  Kingsmill 
and  Gilbert  groups,  and  a  few  smaller  clusters,  with  some 
sporadic  islands,  no  single  island  of  the  whole  extent  being 
of  large  size.  The  people  of  these  islands  do  not  speak  the 
true  Polynesian  language,  but  employ  several  dialects  kin- 
dred to  one  another,  and  more  remotely  so  to  the  Malay. 

Micilipampa,  me-kwe-pim'pi,  a  town  of  Peru,  de- 
partment of  Trujillo,  province  and  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Caxa- 
marca,  with  silver-mines,  at  a  s[roat  elevation,  on  the  Andes. 


MID 


1822 


MID 


Middngha^  midMairki,  a  post-hamlot  of  Northatupton 
OO.^a.,  3  iiiilM  from  Martin's  Croek  Station,  N.J. 

Middelbnrg,  mid'dQl-bari;  (Dutoh  pron.  mid'Jfl- 
Mks^;  L.  MediobHr'giim,  Me'dium  Cttt'triim),  odon  written 
in  English  Middlcburf;,  a  town  of  the  Nethorlunds,  cnp- 
ilal  of  tho  jtnivinoe  of  Zealand,  noar  the  middle  of  the 
iiland  of  Wiilohoren,  47  miles  S.AV.  of  lloltcrUam,  and  5 
niles  by  rail  N.  bj  E.  of  Flushing.  It  is  surroumJod  by  a 
broad  canal,  bordered  by  a  prettily  planted  countorsoarp, 
and  environed  by  a  larjjo  number  of  fine  gardens,  rioh  mea- 
dows, and  bleiioiung  greens.  It  has  numerous  squares,  of 
which  tho  great  market  is  one  of  tho  finest  in  tho  kingdom. 
On  its  N.  side  stands  the  splendid  town  hall,  composed  of 
two  portions, — an  older,  in  Gothic  stylo,  tho  fronts  uf  which, 
OTorladen  with  ornaments,  were  completed  in  1518,  and  a 
wing,  in  the  lonio  stylo,  finished  in  1784.  On  tho  N.  front 
of  tho  old  building  are  25  colossal  statues  of  the  counts  and 
countesses  of  Zealand.  Among  the  other  odiRcos  and  insti- 
tutions may  bo  specified  tho  abbey,  an  extensive  structure, 
with  a  fine  tower,  tho  court-houses,  prison,  exchange, 
gymnasium,  ociuiomy  of  design  and  other  schools,  museum, 
barracks,  S)  churches,  a  synagogue,  an  infirmary,  on  orphan 
hospital,  and  various  benevolent,  literary,  and  scientific  in- 
stitutions. Tho  shipping-trade  is  very  limited.  Cotton- 
weaving,  brewing,  chocolate-making,  tanning,  laco-uiaking, 
worsted-spinning,  and  salt-refining  are  the  chief  manufac- 
tures ;  in  addition  to  which  a  few  vessels  are  built.  The 
town,  which  is  very  ancient,  was  taken  by  the  Dutch  from 
tho  Spaniards  in  1574.     Pop.  15,594. 

Middelfart,  mid'd^l-faRt',  or  Middelfiirt,  mid'd^l- 
f55Rt*,  a  seaport  town  of  Denmark,  on  the  N.W.  coast  of 
the  island  of  Funen,  26  miles  W.N.W.  of  Odense    P.  2336. 

MiddclharniS)  mid'dQl-han'nis,  a  village  of  tho  Neth- 
erlands, in  the  island  of  Ovorflakkeo.     Pop.  3262. 

Middclstum,  mid'd^l-stum^  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  Groningon,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Appingedam. 
Pon.  2244. 

Middle,  mid'd^l,  a  township  of  Ilendricks  co.,  Ind. 
Pop.  1422.     It  contains  Pittsborough. 

Middle,  a  township  of  Cnpe  May  co.,  N.J.  Pop.  3443. 
It  contiiins  Cape  May  Court-liouse. 

Middle,  a  township  of  Chowan  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1610. 

Middle,  a  township  of  Orangeburg  co.,  S.C.     P.  1104. 

Middle  Bass,  a  post-office  of  Ottawa  co.,  0.,  on  a 
small  island  in  Lake  Erio,  about  38  miles  E.  of  Toledo. 

Middle  Bight,  a  fishing-hamlet  on  the  S.  side  of 
Conception  Bay,  Newfoundland,  17  miles  from  St.  John's. 

Middle  Bill  Cove, a  fisbing-hamlctof  Newfoundland, 
15  miles  from  Green's  Pond.     Pop.  161. 

Middleborough,  Erie  co.,  Pa.    See  McKean. 

Middleborutigh,  uiiil'd^Ubur-ruh,  a  post-village  of 
Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  in  MiJdIeborough  township,  on  the 
Old  Colony  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  two  branches  with 
one  of  the  main  lines,  34  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Boston,  and  10^ 
miles  E.  of  Taunton.  It  has  a  bank,  a  fine  town  hall,  an 
academy,  a  high  school,  a  public  library,  g.as-works.  the 
Bay  State  Straw- Works,  5  shoe-factories,  3  churches,  1  news- 
paper office,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  goods,  lumber, 
■hovels,  spades,  needles,  trunks,  boxe-',  varnish,  &c.  The 
township  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Taunton  River, 
and  has  a  pop.  of  6065. 

Middleborough,  a  hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  0.,  in  Har- 
lan township,  1  mile  from  Hicks  Station.  Here  is  Edwards- 
ville  Post-Office. 

Middlcborougli,  a  post-village  in  Cumberland  co., 
Nova  Scotia,  on  Wallace  River,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Wallace. 
It  contains  2  churches,  2  stores,  2  saw-mills,  and  2  grist- 
mills.    Pop.  475. 

Middleborough  Junction,  a  station  within  tho 
Kmits  of  Taunton,  Mass.,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Taunton  Green, 
at  the  junction  of  the  New  Bedford  &  Taunton  and  Middle- 
borough  &  Taunton  Railroads. 

Mid'dlebourne,  or  Middletown,  a  post-village  of 
Guernsey  co.,  0.,  in  Oxford  township,  30  miles  W.  of  Bell- 
aire.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  166.  The  name  of  its  post- 
4ffico  is  Middlebournc. 

Middlebournc,  a  post-village,  capital   of  Tyler  co., 
W.  Va.,  07.  Middle  Island  Creek,  about  44  miles  S.  by  W. 
•f  Wheeling.     It  L~3  2  churches  and  a  tobivcco-factory. 
'   Middle  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Hodgeman  co.,  Kan. 

Middle  Branch,  township,  Osceola  co.,  Mich.     P.  86. 

Middle  Branch,  a  station  in  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Tuckerton  Railroad,  IS  miles  N.  of  Tuckerton. 

Middle  Branch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stark  co.,  0.,  7  miles 
N.  of  Canton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mid'dlebrook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md., 
6  miles  W.  of  Rockville. 


Mid'dlo  Brook,  a  post-village  of  Iron  oo..  Mo.,  on  tl 
iSt.  Louis  <t  Iron  Mountain  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Ir. 
ton.     It  has  a  brewery  and  a  grnnite-quarry. 

Middlebrook,  a  pust-villago  of  Augu.^ta  oo,,  V».,  aUi 
15  iiiilci  S.W.  of  Staunton.     It  has  a  church. 

Middleburg,  Netherlands.     Sue  MiDiiKLiicno 

Mid'dleburg,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co.,  Fl».,on  Blst 
Creek,  about  28  miles  S.W.  of  Jacksonville.  U  Lai 
churches. 

Middlcburg,  a  post-office  of  Washington  oo.,  low 
about  15  niilcrt  .S.S.W.  of  Iowa  City. 

Middleburg,  a  post-village  of  Casey  co.,  Ky,,  20  ui| 
S.  of  Danville.     It  hivs  2  churches  and  a  flouring-uill. 

Middleburg,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  on  ll 
Western  Marylaml  Railroad,  and  1  mile  from  tho  I'ciu 
sylvania  Railroad  (Frederick  division),  48  miles  K.W, « 
Baltimore.     It  has  a  church  and  a  i)ottcry. 

Middleburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richardson  co..  Not 
about  15  miles  S.  of  Nebra.ska  City.     It  ha-i  2  churches. 

Middleburg,  a  post-village  in  Mi<ldleburg  town.^hi 
Schoharie  co.,  N.V.,  on  Schoharie  Creek,  and  on  the  .Mi 
dieburg  &  Schoharie  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Schoh.n 
village,  and  about  30  miles  (direct)  W.  by  S.  of  Albnn 
It  has  several  churches  and  hotels,  a  newspaper  office, 
carriage-factory,  a  foundry,  2  tannericti,  and  2  mills  f 
wrapping-paper.     Pop.  in  1890,  1139:  of  township,  30U7 

Middleburg,  a  post-village  of  Warren  Co.,  N.C,  i 
the  Raleigh  &  Gaston  Railroad,  50  miles  N.  by  E.  of  U 
leigh.     It  has  3  churches,  a  lumber-mill,  a  ttuur-mill,  io 

Middleburg,  a  post-township  of  Cuyahoga  co.,  ( 
about  8  miles  S.W.  of  Cleveland.  It  contains  the  villa 
of  Berea,  and  has  quarries  of  grindstones.     Pop.  3662. 

Middleburg  (West  Middleburg  Post-Office),  a  villa 
in  Zane  township,  Logan  co.,  0.,  about  40  miles  W.N.W. 
Columbus.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  250. 

Middleburg,  a  village  of  Noble  co.,  0.,  about  20  mi 
N.  of  Marietta.  It  has  a  church  and  a  graded  school.  P( 
110.     Here  is  Middle  Creek  Post-Office. 

Middleburg,  a  hamlet  of  Franklin  oo.,  Piv.,  on  Mas 
&  Di.xon's  Line,  about  IS  miles  S.  of  Chambersburg. 

Middleburg,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Snyder  o 
Pa.,  on  Middle  Creek,  and  on  the  Lcwistown  division 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  33  miles  E.N.E.  of  Loniston 
and  17  miles  W.S.W.  of  Sunbury.  It  has  3  churches 
newspaper  office,  a  tlouring-mill,  a  tannery,  Ac.     Pop.  3! 

Middleburg,  a  small  post-village  of  Hardeman  c 
Tenn.,  on  tho  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  llailroi 
about  7  miles  S.  of  Bolivar.     It  has  2  churches. 

Middleburg,  a  post-village  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va., ab< 
40  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Washington,  D.C.  It  has  5  church 
5  stores,  nnd  a  .seminary.     Pop.  about  500. 

Middleburg  island,  Pacific.     See  Koa. 

Middlcbury,  mid'd(jl-b5r-rc,  a  post-hamlet  in  Midd 
bury  township,  New  Haven  co..  Conn.,  6  miles  W.S.W. 
Waterbury.     It  has  2  churches,  also  several  mauufoctori, 
Pop.  of  the  township,  696. 

Middlebury,  a  post-village  of  Elkhart  co.,  Ind., 
Middlcbury  town-'hip,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Goshen.    It 
2  churches,  2  flour-mills,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  a  grad. 
school.     Pop.  in  1890,  542;  of  the  township,  1728. 

Middlebury,  a   township  of   Shiawassee  co.,  Mi 


Pop.  9(;9. 
Mid< 


ddlebury,  a  hamlet  of  Mercer  co..  Mo.,  about 
miles  N.  of  Chillicothe. 

Middlebury,  a  township  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y.    P. 
1734.     It  contains  Wyoming. 

Middlcbury,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  0.    Pop.  921 

Middlebury,  a  post-village  of  Summit  co.,  0.,  on 
Little  Cuyahoga  River,  2  miles  E.  of  Akron.     It  contain! 
churches,  and  several  manufactories  of  .stoneware,  Ac. 
has  been  annexed  to  Akron,  and  is  now  the  Otb  ward 
that  city. 

Middlebury,  or  Middlebury  Centre,  a  po»t-v 
lage  in  Middlebury  township,  Tioga  co.,  J'a.,  on  tuo  Co 
ing,  Cowane.'que  A  Antrim  Railroad,  32  miles  S.S.W. 
Corning,  N.Y.     It  has  a  tannery.     Pop.  of  township,  15 

Middlebury,  a  handsome  post-village,  capital  of  i 
dison  CO.,  Vt.,  in  Middlebury  township,  on  Otter  Cre, 
and  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  35  miles  S.  of  B- 
lington,  and  33  miles  N.N.W.  of  Rutland.  1 1  is  the  «eii4 ^ 
Middlebury  College  (Congregational),  which  wnsorgani^ 
about  1800  and  has  9  instructors,  about  50  students,  an» 
library  of  12,500  volumes.  Middlebury  contains  4  churcl, 
a  national  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  foundry,  and  2  flo' 
mills,  .and  has  manufactures  of  cotton,  wool,  siish,  blinds,  i 
Here  is  a  quarry  of  fine  white  or  variegated  marble.  P|« 
in  1890,  1762;  of  the  township,  2793. 


MID 


1823 


MID 


Middlebury,  a  post-office  of  Iowa  co.,  Wis. 

>Iid'dlebush,  a  post-village  in  Franklin  township, 

aerset  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Millstone  &  New  Brunswick 

ilroad,  5  miles  W.  of  New  Brunswick.     It  contains  the 

(Idlebush  Institute. 

Middle  Cone,  a  post-office  of  Watauga  co.,  N.C. 

Middle  Coon  River,  Iowa,  a  branch  of  the  Raccoon 

ver,  rises  in  Carroll  co.,  runs  S.E.  through  Guthrie  CO., 

il  unites  with  another  branch  in  Dallas  co. 

Middle  Creek,  Snyder  co..  Pa.,  runs  E.,  and  enters 

3  Susquehanna  River  6  miles  below  Sunbury. 

Middle  Creek,  a  post-haralet  in  Carthage  township, 

incock  CO.,  111.,  6  miles  E.  of  Carthage.    It  has  a  church. 

Middle  Creek,  township,  Miami  co.,  Kansas.    P.  911. 

jMiddle  Creek,  township,  Wake  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1477. 

middle  Creek,  Noble  co.,  0.    See  Middlebup.s. 

Middle  Creek,  a  township  of  Snyder  co.,  Pa.    Pop. 

1.    It  contains  Meiser. 

Middle  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Snyder  co.,  Pa. 

Middle  Creek,  a  township  of  Somerset  co.,  Pa.    Pop. 

9.    It  contains  New  Lexington. 

iNiddle  Egypt,  a  region  of  Egypt.    See  Vostani. 

Middle  Fa'bius,  a  post-village  of  Scotland  co.,  Mo., 

j  Middle  Fabius  River,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Downing  Station, 

id  3  miles  S.W.  of  Memphis.     It  has  2  churches.    See 

IlBICS. 

jiliddle  Falls  (formerly  Galesville),  a  post-village 
Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Greenwich  township,  on  the 
itten  Kill,  3  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  li  miles  from 
i«enwich  Station,  which  is  32  miles  N.N.E.  of  Troy.  It 
jg  2  churches,  2  llouring-mills,  2  cement-mills,  a  woollen- 
j:tory,  and  a  plaster-mill.  The  river  here  falls  45  feet. 
iMiddteheld,  a  post-village  in  Middlefield  township, 
'iddlesex  co.,  Conn.,  on  the  New  Haven,  Middlctown  & 
fillimantic  Railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Middletown,  and  19 
iJe«  N.N.E.  of  New  Haven.  It  has  3  churches,  also  man- 
.■ictures  of  fire-arms,  washing-machines,  locks,  cotton 
iods,  gunpowder,  wagons,  &a.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1053. 
isre  are  2  stations, — Middlefield  and  Middlefield  Centre,  1 

^  le  apart. 

'Middlefield,  a  post-township  of  Buchanan  co.,  Iowa, 

Jout  32  miles  N.  of  Cedar  Rapids,  is  intersected  by  Buf- 
0  Creek.    Pop.  695. 

Middlefield,  a  post- township  of  Hampshire  co.,  Mass., 
the  Boston  A  Albany  Railroad.  Middlefield  Station  is 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Springfield.  The  township  has  some 
tnufactures  of  broadcloth,  and  2  churches.  Pop.  603. 
Middlefield,  a  post-township  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y., 
unded  on  the  W.  by  Otsego  Lake.  Pop.  2093.  It  con- 
ns the  villages  of  Clarksville  and  Middlefield  Centre,  at 
3  former  of  which  is  Middlefield  Post-Offico. 
Middlefield,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Middlefield 
vnship,  Geauga  co.,  0.,  on  the  Painesville  <fc  Youngstown 

'lilroad,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Chardon,  and  about  36  miles  E. 

I  Cleveland.     Here  are  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  town- 
lip,  732. 

jMiddlefield   Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Otsego  co., 

}Y.,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Cooperstown,  and  about  32  miles  S.E. 

>  Utica.    It  has  a  church. 

jMiddleford,  a  post-village  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  on  the 

finticoke  River,  3  miles  above  Seaford,  and  about  .36  miles 

I  by  W.  of  Dover.    It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 

[iT-mill. 

[•Middle  Fork,  a  township  of  Vermilion  co..  111.    Pop. 

i40.    It  contains  Marysville. 

rMiddle  Fork,  a  post-hamlet  in  Warren  to\vnship, 

:inton  CO.,  Ind.,  about  28  miles  E.  of  Lafayette.     It  has 

hhurohes. 

[Middle  Fork,  township,  Ringgold  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  510. 

fMiddle  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co,,  Ky. 
Middle  Fork,  township,  Macon  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1134. 

'Middle  Fork,  a  township  of  Worth  co.,  Mo.     P.  279. 

[Middle  Fork,  township,  Forsyth  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  1046. 

;Middle  Fork,  a  post-hamlet  in  Perry  township,  Hock- 

Uco.,  C,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Chillicothe.     It  has  a  church. 
Middle  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Henderson  co.,  Tenn. 
Middle  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  W.  Va., 

J  miles  N.W.  of  Beverly. 

.Middle  Fork  of  the  Big  Blue  River  rises  in  Hamilton 

I.,  Neb.,  runs  eastward  through  Y'ork  co.,  and  unites  with 

iB  Nortli  Fork  in  Seward  co.     It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

iMiddle  Fork  of  Feather  River.    See  Feather  Riveu. 
Middle  Fork  of  Ivy,  a  township  of  Madison  co., 

ICPop.  793. 
Middle  Ga'briel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burnet  co.,  Tex., 

;  miles  from  Burnet.     It  has  a  church. 
Middle  Gran'ville,  a  post-village  in  Granville  town- 


ship, Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Rensselaer  A  Saratoga 
Railroad,  66  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Albany,  and  about  13  miles 
S.E.  of  Whitehall.  It  has  a  graded  school,  5  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  cheese  and  slate.     Pop.  about  500. 

Middle  Ground,  a  post-office  of  Scriven  co.,  Ga. 

Middle  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co..  Mo.,  in 
Union  township,  67  miles  W.S.W.  of  Hannibal,  and  9  miles 
E.  of  Moberly.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  masonic  hall. 

Middle  Grove,  or  Jamesville,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  7  miles  W.  of  Saratoga  Springs.  It  has- 
a  church,  a  paper-mill,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Middle  llad'dam,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co., 
Conn.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Connecticut  River,  about  20 
miles  below  Hartford,  and  on  the  Connecticut  Valley  Rail- 
road.    It  has  2  churches  and  several  factories. 

Middleham,  mid'd^l-am,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
York,  North  Riding,  on  the  Ure,  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rich- 
mond.  It  has  remains  of  a  castle  built  A.D.  1190.  Pop. 
of  parish,  909.  Middleham  Moor,  half  a  mile  S.W.,  is ' 
a  noted  training-ground  for  racers.  : 

Middle  Hope,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on  ■ 
or  near  the  Hudson  River,  4  miles  above  Newburg.  It- 
has  2  churches,  several  stores,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Middle  Island,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  at 
the  head  of  the  Connecticut  River,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Patch- 
ogue,  and  about  15  miles  AV.  of  Riverhead.  It  has  2' 
churches. 

Middle  Island  Creek,  West  Virginia,  drains  part 
of  Doddridge  co.,  and  runs  thence  northward  to  Middle- 
bourne,  in  Tyler  co.  Below  that  point  it  pursues  a  very 
sinuous  course,  and  enters  the  Ohio  River  in  Pleasants  co.i 
It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Middle  Island  Junction,  W.  Va.    See  Smithton. 

Middle  Kcnnetcook.    See  Moshbrville. 

Middle  Lanc'aster,  a  post-village  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.,^ 
in  Lancaster  township,  15  miles  W.  of  Butler.  It  has  S; 
churches.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Middle  Locust,  Iowa.    See  Locust  Creek, 

Middle  Moun'tain,  a  post-office  of  Craig  co.,  Va.,  7 
miles  N.  of  New  Castle. 

Middle  Ohio,  a  post-village  in  Shelburne  co.,  Nova^ 
Scotia,  on  Shelburne  River,  14  miles  N.  of  Shelburne.  It 
contains  a  church,  2  stores,  3  saw-mills,  and  2  grist-mills. 
Pop.  200. 

Middle  Park,  Colorado,  a  beautiful  and  fertile  plateau, 
or  basin  in  Grand  co.,  between  the  North  and  South  Parks» 
environed  on  all  sides  by  high  mountains,  several  peaks  of 
which  rise  more  than  14,000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 
This  park  is  about  60  miles  long,  and  30  or  40  miles  wide. 
It  is  irrigated  by  the  Grand  River,  which  rises  in  it.     Tbo  . 
surface  is   diversified  with   forests,  valleys,  and  verdant- 
prairies,  which  produce  good  natural  pasture,  together  witU- 
mountains  in  its  central  part.     All  the  sedimentary  rocks 
known  in  this  country  are  found  there.     Timber  and  water 
are  abundant. 

Middle  Pax'ton,  a  township  of  Dauphin  co,.  Pa.  Pop. 
1317,  e.xclusive  of  Dauphin, 

Middle  Point,  a  post-office  of  White  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Springfield  division  of  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  21 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Shawneetown. 

Middle  Point,  a  post-village  of  Van  Wert  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad,  20  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Lima.     It  has  3  churches. 

Mid'dleport,  a  township  of  Iroquois  co..  111.  Pop.  861, 
exclusive  of  Watseka,  which  is  also  called  Middleport. 

Middleport,  Madison  co.,  N.Y.    See  Ra.ndallsvillb. 

Middleport,  a  post-village  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Erie  Canal  and  the  New  York  Central  &  Hudson  River 
Railroad,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lockport,  and  6  miles  AV.  of 
Medina.  It  is  mostly  in  Royalton  township.  It  contains 
4  churches,  a  fine  public  school-house,  a  banking-house,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  cheese-factory,  2  foundries,  a  paper-mill, 
a  flouring-mill,  and  a  boat-yard.  Many  thousand  barrels 
of  apples  are  annually  shipped  here.     Pop,  in  1890,  1217. 

Middleport,  a  post-village  of  Meigs  co.,  0.,  on  tho 
Ohio  River,  2  miles  below  Poineroy,  and  about  56  miles. 
E.S.E.  of  Chillicothe,  It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  2  banks,  9 
churches,  rich  mines  of  coal,  and  manufactures  of  iron,  salt, 
carriages,  furniture,  and  woollen  goods.    Pop.  in  1890,  3211. 

Middleport,  a  post-borough  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa,,  on 
the  railroad  which  connects  Pottsville  with  Tamaqua,  9 
miles  E,N,E,  of  Pottsville.  It  has  a  church  and  a  furni- 
ture-factory.    Pop.  377. 

Middleport,  a  post-office  of  Webster  co.,  AV.  Va. 

Mid'dleport,  or  Tuscaro'ra,  a  post-village  in  Brant 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  lOJ  miles  E.  b/ 
S.  of  Brantford,     It  contains  3  stores.     Pop,  150. 


MID 


1824 


MID 


MTlddlo  Ridffe,  a  poRt-hamlet  of  La  Crosse  co.,  Wli., 
8  miU-s  S.  of  H;iii<or  Station.     It  tiM  a  church. 

Middle  Itiver,  Iowa,  rioos  near  the  N.  border  of  Adair 
no.,  runs  eastward  through  Miidison  oo.,  and  nearly  north- 
eastward in  Warren  oo.,  and  enters  the  Des  Moines  Rirer 
about  12  miles  l>elow  the  city  of  Des  Moines.  It  is  nearly 
110  milos  lunf. 

Middle  iCiver,  Virginia,  rises  in  Augusta  oo.,  runs 
nterly  eastward,  and  enters  the  South  Forli  of  the  Sbenan- 
dofth  at  Port  Ilepublio. 

Middle  River,  a  post-ofHoe  of  Franklin  oo.,  Qa. 

Middle  Iliver,  a  post-office  of  Madison  oo.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Middlo  Kiver. 

Middle  Suludn,  a  post-office  of  Oreonville  co.,  S.C. 

Middlesborough,  luid'd^lz-b'ruh  or  inid'd^lz-bQr- 
rtth,  a  town  of  lingland,  co.  of  York,  North  Riding,  on  tho 
Tees,  near  its  mouth,  and  3i  inilos  E.N.E.  of  Stockton  by 
railway.  It  has  grown  up  in  recent  years  as  a  port  for 
loading  colliers.  It  has  a  lino  oxchango  building,  theatre, 
library,  and  park,  reading-rooms,  and  observatory,  manu- 
factures of  pottery,  castings,  ropo,  sail-cloth,  yards  for 
ship-building,  great  iron-furnaces,  a  commodious  dock,  and 
exports  of  coal  and  iron.  It  sends  a  member  to  Parlia- 
ment.    Pop.  in  1880,  65,934;  in  1890,  75,616. 

Middlesborougb,  a  post- village  of  Boll  co.,  Ky.,  near 
•he  Tennpssee  line,  on  a  branch  of  the  Louisville  &  Nash- 
ville llailroad,  about  46  miles  N.  of  Knoxville,  Tenn. 
It  has  6  churches,  2  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  a  tannery, 
a  saw-mill,  a  planing-mill,  bottling-works,  wood-works, 
and  manufactures  of  bricks  and  tiles,  sower-pipe,  iron, 
furniture,  boxes,  lumber,  and  coke.     Pop.  in  1890,  3271. 

Mid'dlesex,  the  metropolitan  county  of  England,  hav- 
ing N.  the  CO.  of  Herts,  E.  Essex,  S.  the  Thames  (which 
separates  it  from  Kent  and  Surrey),  and  W.  Bucks.  Area, 
281  square  miles,  this  being,  next  to  Rutland,  the  smallest 
Bnglish  county.  Surface  mostly  flat  in  the  S.W.,  elsewhere 
undulating.  Principal  rivers,  besides  the  Thames,  the 
Brent,  and  the  Colne  and  Lea,  which  form  resjiectively 
its  W.  and  E.  boundaries.  The  Grand  Junction  Canal  and 
the  New  River  Cut  also  intersect  the  county.  Grass-farms 
for  the  supply  of  London  with  milk  and  hay  greatly  exceed 
in  extent  the  cultivated  land.  Market-gardens  are  very 
extensive,  and  a  large  portion  of  the  county  is  occupied  by 
villas  and  pleasure-grounds.  It  sends  48  members  to  tho 
House  of  Commons,  7  being  for  the  county,  and  41  for  the 
metropolitan  boroughs  N.  of  the  Thames.  Pop.  3,251,703. 
Middlesex,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Connecticut,  has 
an  area  of  about  390  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Connecticut  River,  is  bounded  on  tho  S.  by  Long  Island 
Sound,  and  partly  drained  by  the  Hammonasset  and  Sal- 
mon Rivers.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  extensively  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  produces  hay,  Indian  corn,  Ac. 
Many  of  the  inhabitants  are  employed  in  manufactures  of 
various  articles.  This  county  has  quarries  of  gneiss  or 
granite  and  red  sandstone,  a  good  material  for  building, 
which  is  much  used  in  New  York  City.  It  is  intersected 
by  several  branches  of  the  New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hart- 
ford Railroad,  and  by  the  Meriden,  M^aterbury  <fe  Connecti- 
cut River  Railroad.  Capitals,  North  Plain  and  Haddam. 
Pop.  in  1870,  36,099;  in  1880,  35,589;  in  1890,  39,524. 

Middlesex,  a  northeastern  county  of  Massachusetts, 
nas  on  area  of  about  827  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Merrimac  and  Nashua  Rivers,  and  also  drained  by  the 
Charles,  Concord,  Sudbury,  and  Assai>et  Rivers,  which  afford 
abundant  water-power.  The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly, 
and  partly  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  white  ash,  elm, 
chestnut,  beech,  hickory,  <fec.  Hay,  butter,  potatoes,  and 
Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products  of  the  farms.  The 
prosperity  of  this  county  is  derived  chiefly  from  extensive 
manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  boots  and  shoes,  woollen 
goods,  leather,  carpets,  watches,  and  many  other  articles. 
The  value  of  the  boots  and  shoes  made  in  this  county  some- 
times amounts  to  over  $16,000,000  per  annum,  and  that  of 
the  cotton  goods  to  over  $12,000,000.  It  contilins  the  cities 
of  Cambridge,  Lowell,  Maiden,  Newton,  Somervillc,  Walt- 
ham,  and  Wobum.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Boston  & 
Albany  Railroad,  several  branches  of  the  Boston  A  Maine 
Railroad,  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  and  the  Old  Colony 
Railroad.  Capitals,  Lowell  and  Cambridge.  Pop.  in  1870, 
274,35.^;  in  1880,  317,8:^0,•  in  1890,  431,167. 

Middlesex,  a  county  of  New  Jersey,  borders  on  Rari- 
tan  Bay,  a  part  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  Area,  about  310 
square  miles.  It  is  partly  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Staten 
Island  Sound,  is  intersected  by  the  Raritan  River,  and  also 
drained  by  Millstone  and  South  Rivers.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating. The  soil  is  partly  sandy,  and  is  mostly  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  oats,  bay,  wheat,  and  butter  are  the  staple 


firoducts.     Sandstone  underlies  part  of  this  county      It 
nter«eoted  by  the  Lehigh  Valley  KailroHd,  tli«  Centrnl 
New  Jersey  Railroad,  the  Stalon  Island  Riiilrond,  and  t 
divisions  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  one  of  the  Inttd 
centring  at,  and  the  other  passing  through,  New  Briiiu 
wick,  the  capital  of  the  county.      Pop.  in  1870   450211 
in  18H0,  52,286;  in  1890,  61,754.  '      '^ 

Middlesex,  an  eastern  county  of  Virginia,  bordcn  0 
Chesapeake  Bay.  Area,  about  135  sq\iare  miles.  It 
bounded  on  the  N.K.  by  the  Rnpi)ahannock  Kiver  iin 
the  Plankatank  River  forms  its  W.  and  S.W.  bound'ario 
The  surface  is  nearly  level.  The  s<iil  is  siuidy,  ami  im 
duces  a  little  In'lian  corn,  wheat,  Ac.  (Capital  Saludi 
I'oiK  in  1870,  4981 ;  in  1880,  6252  ;  in  IS9l»,  7453; 

Middlesex,  a  county  in  tho  western  part  of  OnUrii 
intersected  by  the  Thames  River,  and  traversed  by  in 
portant  lines  of  railway.  Area,  1134  square  miles  Cat 
ital.  London.     Pop.  in  1891,  103,039.  '        ' 

Middlesex,  a  post-village  of  Yates  00.,  N.Y.,  in  Mic 
diescx  township,  on  the  projected  Geneva  A  Southwest^r 
Railroad,  15  milos  S.  of  Canandaigua,  and  20  miles  S.W 
of  Geneva.  It  has  3  churches,  a  union  school,  and  a  mat 
ufactcjry  of  turbine  water-wheels.  The  township  is  bound< 
W.  by  Canandaigua  Lake.     Pop.  of  tho  township,  135fl. 

Middlesex,  a  hamlet  of  Armstrong  co.,  I'a.,  7  mil( 
N.W.  of  Kittanning.  It  has  2  churches.  Hero  is  Cownni 
ville  Post-OHioe. 

Middlesex,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  lOU 

Middlesex,  township,  Cumberland  co.,  IV    Pop.  HI 

Middlesex,  a  post-hamlet  in  Middlesex  township,  Cuii 
berland  co.,  Pa.,  on  tho  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad,  an 
on  the  Conedogwinit  Creek,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Carlisle.  Po] 
of  the  township,  1417. 

Middlesex,  or  West  Middlesex,  a  borough  of  Me 
cer  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Shenango  River,  and  on  the  Erie 
Pittsburg  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Sharon,  and  15  miles  1 
by  W.  of  New  Castle.  It  contains  2  banks,  3  churches, 
union  school,  a  rolling-mill,  4  furnaces,  and  a  foundr 
Pop.  888.  Coal  is  mined  near  this  place.  The  name  of  i 
post-office  is  West  Middlesex. 

Middlesex,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  townsbii 
Washington  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Winooski  Iliver,  and  on  ti 
Central  Vermont  Railroad,  5  miles  W.N.W.  of  Montpclie 
It  has  3  churches,  2  saw-mills,  and  an  oil-mill.  Pop.of  tl 
township,  1 171. 

Midalesex  Village,  a  former  post-village  of  Middl 
sex  CO.,  Mass.  It  contains  many  fine  residences.  It  hi 
been  annexed  to  Lowell,  nnd  the  post-ofiico  still  so  desij 
nated  is  a  branch  of  Lowell  Post-Office. 

Middle  Si'monds,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  cc 
New  Brunswick,  near  the  St.  John  River,  17  miles  N.  I 
E.  of  Woodstock.  It  contains  a  church,  a  hotel,  and 
store.     Pop.  450. 

Middle  Smith'ficld,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  P 
Pop.  1359. 

Middle  Southampton,  suth-amp't^n,  a  post-villag 
in  York  co.,  New  Brunswick,  on  tho  St.  John  River,  '. 
miles  above  Fredoricton.     Pop.  200. 

Middle  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  ec 
Pa.,  2i  miles  from  Shippensburg,  and  about  13  miles  N.N.I 
of  Chambersburg.     It  has  a  church  and  a  paper-mill. 

Middle  Sprite,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  N.Y, 
Oppenheim  township,  11  miles  N.  of  St.  Johnsville.    It  hi 
a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Middle  Stewiacke,  ste-w^-ak'e,  a  post-village  \ 
Colchester  co..  Nova  Scotia,  8  miles  from  Brookfield.  Go 
has  been  found  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  300. 

Middle  Swamp,  a  post-office  of  Bladen  co.,  N.C. 

Middlesworth,  mid'd^lz-wiirth,  a  station  in  SheH 
CO.,  111.,  on  tho  Indianapolis  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  4  mil 
E.  of  Shelbyville. 

Mid'dleton,  or  Middleton  and  Tonge,  atowno 
England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  5  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Mat 
Chester.  It  has  coal-mines,  manufactures  of  silks  and  co; 
tons,  nnd  a  fine  old  church.     Pop.  (1891)  12,140. 

Middleton,  a  village  of  Ireland,  00.  and  7  miles  S.V 
of  Armagh.     Pop.  434. 

Middleton,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  14  miles  E.  0 
Cork,  on  a  navigable  stream  of  tho  same  name,  flowing  int 
Cork  harbor.  Pop.  3063.  It  is  neatly  built,  and  its  po 
is  reached  by  vessels  of  about  200  tons. 

Middleton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Walker  00.,  Ala.,  16  mili 
from  Jasper.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Middleton,  a  post-office  of  Elbert  co.,  Ga. 

Middleton,  a  post-village  of  Ada  co.,  Idaho,  about  4 
miles  W.  of  Bois6  City.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  nursery, 
blacksmith-shop,  and  a  hotel. 


MID 


1825 


MID 


Middleton,  a  hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  111.,  on  the  Ohio 
Mis.'iissippi  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Salem.     It  has  2 

UX'llCi". 

Hitldleton,  a  village  of  Wayneco.,  111.,  40  miles  E.N.E. 

Duqiioin.  Here  is  Long  Prairie  Post-Officc. 
ttiddleton,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  in  Mid- 
ton  township,  on  the  Lawrence  Branch  of  the  Eastern 
ilroad,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Salem,  and  18  or  19  miles  N. 
Boston.  It  has  a  church,  a  shoe-factory,  a  tannery,  &c. 
p.  of  the  township,  1092. 

niddlcton,  a  post-township  of  Strafford  co.,  N.H.,  30 
les  E.N.E.  of  Concord.     Pop.  of  township,  476. 
ttiddleton,  a  township  of  Nash  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1465. 
Middleton,  or  Middletowii,  a  hamlet  of  Chauipaigu 

0.,  I  mile  from  Mingo.     It  has  a  church. 
Uiddleton,  township,  Columbiana  co.,  0.     Pop.  1327. 
ttiddleton,  a  hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  0.,  in  Milton 
fnship,  about  9  miles  E.  of  Jackson.     Pop.  71.     Hero  is 
wkin^s  Mills  Post-Offlce. 

Widdleton,  a  hamlet  of  Perry  co.,  0.,  4i  miles  S.  of 
[notion  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Middleton,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Oregon, 
I  miles  S.S.W.  of  Portland.  It  has  a  church  and  an 
Ldeiny. 

ifHiddleton,  a  township  of  Sumter  co.,  S.C.  Pop.  649. 
middleton,  a  station  in  Sumter  co.,  S.C,  on  the  South 
rolina  Railroad,  Camden  Branch,  24  miles  by  rail  N.E. 
iKingsville. 

ttiddleton,  a  village  of  Rutherford  co.,  Tenn.,  13 
les  S.  of  Murfreesborough.  It  has  a  church.  Pop. 
but  200. 

Ittiddleton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Leon  co.,  Tex.,  about  30 
les  W.S.W.  of  Crockett. 

Middleton,  a  post-village  of  Dane  co.,  AVis.,  in  Mid- 
filon  township,  on  the  W.  shore  of  Lake  Mendota,  and  on 
1)  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of 
Jidison.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  planing- 
[II.  Pop.  285;  of  the  township,  1718.  The  township  con- 
pns  a  hamlet  named  Pheasant  Branch. 
ttiddleton,  a  post-village  in  Annapolis  co..  Nova  Sco- 
,on  the  Western  Counties  Railway,  101  miles  W.  of 
.lifax.  It  has  3  stores,  and  a  trade  in  lumber  and  pro- 
le.  Iron-  and  copper-mines  are  worked  in  the  vicinity, 
p.  200. 

ttiddleton,  a  post-village  in  Prince  co..  Prince  Ed- 
rd  Island,  13  miles  from  Summerside.     Pop.  150. 
ttiddleton  Centre,  Ontario.    See  Couhtland. 
ttiddleton  in  Teesdale,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
rham,  10  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Barnard  Castle.    Pop.  of 
rnshin,  2386. 

ttidaleton  Station,  a  post-village  of  Hardeman  co., 
in.,  on  the  Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad,  at  its  junc- 
n  with  the  Ripley  Railroad,  69  miles  E.  of  Memphis, 
has  2  churches  and  a  seminary.  Pop.  150. 
:t||id'dletoAVn,  a  post-village  of  Lake  co.,  Cal.,  14 
eg  N.  of  Calistoga.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  high  school, 
inabar  (quicksilver)  is  mined  near  this  place,  which  is 
rounded  by  beautiful  scenery  and  mineral  springs.  Pop. 
>ut  600. 

Kiddletown,  a  hamlet  of  Shasta  co.,  Cal.,  9  miles  W. 
Redding.    Gold  is  found  here. 

Hiddletown,  a  city  and  port  of  entry  of  Connecticut, 
I  one  of  the  capitals  of  Middlesex  co.,  is  pleasantly 
lated  on  the  right  or  W.  bank  of  the  Connecticut  River, 
I  on  the  Connecticut  Valley  Railroad,  the  New  Haven, 
ddletown  &  Williuiantic  Railroad  ("  Air  Line"),  and 
er  branches  of  the  New  York,  New  Haven  <fc  Hartford 
ilroad,  15  miles  S.  of  Hartford,  and  24  miles  N.E.  of 
w  Haven.    The  principal  mercantile  houses  and  hotels 

on  Main  street,  which  is  broad  and  level.  The  more 
rated  parts  of  the  city  are  occupied  by  elegant  resi- 
loes  (on  High  street),  with  fine  gardens  and  highly 
lamented  grounds.  This  city  contains  a  stone  court- 
ise,  a  custom-house,  4  national  banks,  an  industrial 
ool  for  girls,  state  asylum  for  the  insane,  the  Berkeley 
nnity  School  (Protestant  Episcopal),  and  the  Wesley  an 
iversiiy  (Methodist),  which  was  organized  in  1831  and 
»  25  professors  and  instructors,  about  300  students,  and  a 
rary  of  25,000  volumes.  One  dnily  and  1  weekly  news- 
ier are  published  here.  On  a  high  hill  1  mile  S.E.  of 
a  city  are  the  large  and  imposing  buildings  of  the 
ite  General  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  having  accommoda- 
ns  for  1300  patients.  The  main  building  is  of  Portland 
idstone.  Middletown  has  manufactures  of  britannia- 
re,  tape,  webbing,  pumps,  electric-light  supplies,  locks, 
mess,  <tc.  An  iron  railway  bridge  across  the  river  con- 
st«  this  city  with  the  township  of  Portland,  in  which  the 


celebrated  Portland  sandstone  is  quarried.  The  tniins  of 
the  Air-Line  Railroad  pass  over  this  bridge.  The  harboi 
of  this  port  has  10  feet  of  water  at  the  wharves.  The  New 
York  and  Hartford  steamboats  touch  here.  Middletown 
was  settled  in  1636,  and  incorporated  as  a  city  in  1784. 
Pop.  in  1880,  6826;  in  1890,  9013. 

MiddletOAVn,  a  post-village  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  on 
the  Delaware  Railroad,  25  miles  S.S.W.  of  Wilmington, 
and  3  miles  W.  of  Odessa.  It  has  3  churches,  a  national 
bank,  2  hotels,  a  machine-shop,  a  foundry,  an  academy,  a 
newspaper  office,  2  carriage-shops,  and  manufactures  of 
farming-implements  and  baskets.  Large  quantities  of 
peaches  are  shipped  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1454. 

Middletown,  Champaign  co.,  111.     See  Mahomkt. 

Middletown,  a  post-village  of  Logan  co.,  111.,  in  Cor- 
wine  township,  on  or  near  Salt  Creek,  22  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Springfield.     It  has  a  church  and  a  drug-store.    Pop.  223. 

Middletown,  a  village  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.,  about  10 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Fort  Wayne. 

Middletown,  a  post-village  in  Fall  Creek  township, 
Henry  co.,  Ind.,  on  Fall  Creek,  and  on  the  railroad  which 
connects  Richmond  with  Logansport,  9  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Anderson,  and  40  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Richmond.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  high  school,  a  carriage-factory,  and  a  money- 
order  post-office.     Pop.  711. 

Middletown,  a  hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.,  2  milea 
from  Waldron  Station. 

Middletown,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Des  Moines 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  13urlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  9 
miles  AV.  of  Burlington.     It  has  2  churches. 

Middletown,  a  post-office  of  Wilson  co.,  Kansas,  25 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Humboldt. 

Middletown,  a  post- village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ky.,  13 
miles  E.  of  Louisville,  on  the  Shelby  Railroad.  It  has  an 
academy,  3  churches,  and  a  rope-factory^.     Pop.  244. 

Middletown,  a  post-village  of  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  in 
the  fertile  Catoctin  Valley,  on  or  near  Catoctin  Creek,  near 
the  E.  base  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  8  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Fred- 
erick. It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  money-order  post-office, 
5  or  6  churches,  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  746. 

Middletown,  township,  Jackson  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  139. 

Middletown,  a  township  of  Lafayette  co..  Mo.  Pop. 
2163.     It  contains  Waverly. 

Middletown,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co..  Mo., 
in  Prairie  township,  on  the  Cuivre  (or  Copper)  River,  about 
44  miles  S.  of  Hannibal.  It  has  4  churches,  a  high  school, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  farming-imple- 
ments and  flour.     Pop.  in  1890,  389. 

Middletown,  a  post-village  in  Middletown  township, 
Monmouth  co.,  N.  J.,  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey, 
about  25  miles  S.  by  W.  of  New  York  City,  4  or  5  miles 
N.W.  of  Red  Bank,  and  H  miles  W.  of  Middletown  Station 
on  the  New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad.  It  has  3  churches 
and  several  carriage-factories.  The  township  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  Raritan  (or  Sandy  Hook)  Bay,  and  contains 
villages  named  Leedsville,  Navesink,  New  Monmouth,  and 
Port  Monmouth.     Pop.  of  the  township,  5059. 

Middletown,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.  Pep. 
3029.  It  contains  Margaretville,  Lumberville,  Ilalcotts- 
ville,  Griffin's  Corners,  New  Kingston,  Ac. 

MiddletOAvn,  a  post-town  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  is  situ- 
ated in  Wallkill  township,  in  the  valley  of  the  Wallkill 
River,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  New 
York  &  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  about  24  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Newburg.  By  railroad  it  is  66  miles  N.N.W.  of  New 
York,  and  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Goshen.  It  is  also  the  N". 
terminus  of  the  New  Jersey  Midland  Railroad.  It  contains 
8  churches,  the  Wallkill  Academy  and  union  school,  2  or  3 
national  banks,  a  savings-bank,  an  opera-house,  2  publio 
halls,  hotels  called  the  Grand  Central  and  Ogden  House, 
and  printing-offices  which  issue  2  daily  and  2  weekly  news- 
papers. It  has  gas-works  and  iron-works,  and  is  supplied 
with  water  brought  from  Monhagan  Lake.  It  has  also 
manufactories  of  wool  hats,  blankets,  carpet-bags,  and 
saws.  The  state  homceopathio  insane  asylum  is  located 
here.     Pop.  in  1870,  6049;  in  1880,  8494;  in  1890, 11,977. 

MiddletoAVn,  township,  Richmond  co.,  N.Y.  P.  8351. 
It  contains  New  Dorp,  Edgewater,  and  other  villages. 

Middletown,  a  village  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Half 
Moon  township,  3  miles  N.  of  AVaterford,  and  13  miles  N, 
of  Albany.  It  has  a  church  and  a  union  school.  Here  is 
Half  Moon  Post-Office.    Pop.  about  200. 

Middletown,  a  post-office  of  Hyde  co.,  N.C. 

Middletown,  a  post-village  in  Lemon  township,  But- 
ler CO.,  0.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Miami  River,  on  th« 
Miami  Canal,  and  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Dayton 
Railroad.     It  is  also  on  the  Cleveland,  Columbus.  Cincia- 


HID 


1820 


MID 


nati  k  Indianapolia  Railroad,  34  miloi  N.  of  Cincinnati, 
and  22  miles  S.&.W.  of  Dayton.  It  baa  a  bridge  ocroaa  the 
river,  2  biinka,  2  nowranapor  offices,  II  oburches,  a  high 
■ohoul,4papor-mill»,aud2tobaooo-faotorie8.  P.^ISUO)  7681. 

Mid<llcto\vn«  Uuomsoy  oo.,  0.    See  Middlbbourrb. 

Middletou'ii,  a  village  of  Ilolmoa  oo.,  0.,  about  20 
miles  S.W.  uf  Mosiiillon.  It  baa  2  oburohes.  Pop.  16U. 
Here  ia  Mount  Hope  I'ost-Offioe. 

Middletowiif  a  township  of  Wood  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1221. 
It  contains  llaskins. 

Middlctou'u,  a  hamlot  in  Moon  township,  Alleghany 
CO.,  Pu.,  on  tho  Ohio  Ilivor,  oppoaito  llaysvillo.  It  has  a 
church  and  2  suw-mills.     Here  ia  Vancofort  Post-Office. 

Middietown,  a  township  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.  Pop. 
2360.     It  containa  Langhorne. 

Middletowo,  a  poat-borough  of  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  on 
tho  £.  bank  of  the  Susquehanna  Kivcr,  at  tho  mouth  of 
Swatara  Crook,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Ilarrisburg.  It  is  a  termi- 
nus of  tho  Union  Canal,  and  is  on  the  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road, and  on  the  opposite  side  of  tho  river  is  Middletown 
Ferry  Station  on  the  Northern  Central  Ilailroad.  It  con- 
tains 8  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  the 
£maus  Institute,  2  furnaces,  a  tannery,  a  foundry,  2 
planing-milla,  5  saw-mills,  a  oar-shop,  a  furniture-factory, 
a  sash-factory,  a  boat-building-shop,  <tc.     P.  (1800)  5080. 

Middletown,  township,  Delaware  co..  Pa.    Pop.  2^78. 

Middletowu,  a  township  of  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa. 
Pop.  871. 

MiddletOAVn,  a  village  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Hempfield  township,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Qreensburg,  and  about 
26  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 
Hero  is  Cribbs  Post-Offlce. 

Middletown,  a  township  of  Newport  co.,  R.I.,  on  the 
island  of  Aquidneck.  Pop.  1074.  It  has  2  churches  and 
important  fisheries.  Several  of  the  best  Newport  beaches 
arc  in  this  township. 

Middletown,  a  township  in  Rutland  co.,  Vt.  Pop. 
777.     It  contains  Middletown  Springs. 

Middletown,  a  post-village  of  Frederick  co.,  Va.,  in 
the  Shenandoah  Valley,  on  the  Harper's  Ferry  &  Valley 
Branch  of  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Ilailroad,  13  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Winchester.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  carriage-factory. 
Pop.  in  1 800,  410. 

Mid'dletown,  a  small  village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  2 
miles  from  Bradford.     Pop.  100. 

Middletown  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Susquehanna 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Binghamton,  N.Y, 

Middletown  Ferry,  a  station  in  York  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  and  on  the  Susquehanna 
River,  opposite  Middletown,  Dauphin  co.,  Pa. 

Middletown  Springs,  a  post-village  and  summer 
resort  of  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  in  Middletown  township,  8  miles 
S.E.  of  Poultney,  and  about  14  miles  S.W.  of  Rutland.  It 
has  mineral  springs  which  contain  iron,  and  a  large  hotel 
with  rooms  for  300  guests,  also  a  money-order  post-oflice 
and  3  churches. 

Middle  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Ada  co.,  Idaho. 

Middle  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  High  Bridge  Railroad,  9  miles  N.E.  of  High  Bridge. 
It  has  2  flour-mills.     Pop.  about  350. 

Middle  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Pennsylvania  Coal  Company's  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of 
llawley,  and  7  miles  S.W.  of  Honesdale.    It  has  a  tannery. 

Mid'dleville,  a  post-village  in  Thornapple  township, 
Barry  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Thornapple  River,  and  on  the 
Qrand  River  Valley  division  of  tho  Michigan  Central  Rail- 
road, 21  miles  S.S.E.  of  Grand  Rapids,  and  11  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Hastings.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  2  planing- 
milla,  a  bank,  2  saw-mills,  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
carriages  and  agricultural  implements.     Pop.  in  1890,  678. 

Middleville,  a  post-township  of  Wright  co.,  Minn.,  on 
the  St.  Paul  <t  Pacific  Railroad,  45  miles  W.  of  Minneap- 
olis. It  is  drained  by  tho  North  Fork  of  Crow  River. 
Pop.  736, 

Middleville,  a  village  of  Essex  co.,  N.J.,  in  South 
Orange  township,  3  miles  W.S.W.  of  Newark,  and  1  mile 
from  Maplewood.     It  has  a  church  and  a  shoe-factory. 

Middleville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  on 
Paulins  River,  7  miles  W.  of  Newton.  It  has  a  flour-mill 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Middleville,  a  post-village  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
West  Canada  Creek,  about  14  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Utica,  and 
7  miles  N.  of  Herkimer.  It  is  mostly  in  Newport  town- 
ship, and  partly  in  Fairfield.  It  has  2  churches,  a  union 
■obool,  a  chair-factory,  and  a  cotton-factory. 

Middleville,  a  post-village  in  Lanark  co.,  Ontario,  7 
miles  N.  of  Lanark.     Pop.  200. 


Mid'dleway,  a  poat-vlllage  of  Jofl"eraon  oo..  W.  Va. 
on  Opcquan  Creek,  about  12  miles  S.  of  Martinsburg.  1 
boa  3  or  4  churches,  a  carpet-factory,  4c.     Pop.  iiboui  3ui» 

Mid'dlewich,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  21  uiilua  K 
of  Chester,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Canal,  and  2  miles  K.  o] 
the  Grand  Junction  Railway.  Tho  town  has  munufactiiro. 
of  silk  and  cotton,  and  a  largo  trade  in  salt  obtuiuod  frou 
tho  brine-springs  of  the  vicinity.     Pop.  3085. 

Middle  Wood'bcrry,  a  township  of  Bedford  co 
Pa.     Pop.  1483. 

Middle  Yu'ba,  a  river  of  Yuba  co.,  Cal,,  riica  on  th< 
slope  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  and,  flowing  in  a  gencru 
W.S.W.  course,  falls  into  tho  Yuba  River  75  miles  ubuvi 
Marysville.  Gold  ia  found  on  thia  stream,  which  uIm 
aflbrds  valuable  water-power. 

Midg'ley,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  York.  4  mila 
W.N.W.  of  Halifa.t.     Pop.  3065. 

Mid'hurst,  a  town  or  England,  co.  of  Sussex,  11  mile( 
N.N.E.  of  Chichester,  on  tho  navigable  Rother,  a  tributurj 
of  tho  Arun.  It  has  a  grammar-school.  It  aenda  on< 
member  to  tho  House  of  Commons.  Pop.  of  parliamentarv 
borough,  6753. 

Mid'hurst,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  or 
Oliver's  Creek,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Barrie.  It  conUins  i 
grist-mill  and  4  saw-mills.     Pop.  100. 

Midiah,  mee'dce'i,  a  town  of  Turkey,  in  Roumelin,  on 
the  Black  Sea,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Tolopaz.  Lat.  41°  Sg' 
N. ;  Ion.  28°  8'  E.  It  has  a  small  roadstead,  where  veasvU 
may  anchor  in  10  or  12  fathoms. 

Midi,  I>cnt-du-,  Alps.    See  De.nt-du-Midi. 

Midi,  Pic  du,  Europe.    See  Pyiienkes. 

Mid'land,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Michigan, 
has  an  area  of  about  530  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
tho  Tittabawassoe  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Chippewa 
and  Pino  Rivers.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level, 
and  ia  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  fugar-uiaple, 
and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Lumber,  oaia, 
Indian  corn,  potatoes,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products  of 
this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Flint  &  Pore  Mar- 
quette and  Michigan  Central  Bailroads,  both  of  which  con- 
nect  with  Midland,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  3285;  in 
1874,  47(i5;  in  1880,  6893;  in  1890.  10,057. 

Midland,  a  post-office  of  Hardin  co.,  Iowa,  about  24 
miles  N.W.  of  Marshalltown. 

Midland,  a  post-office  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas. 

Midland,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Midland  co.,  Mich., 
in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  on  theTittabawasseo  River, 
at  the  mouth  of  tho  Chippewa  or  Pine  River,  and  on  the  Flint 
&  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  20  miles  N.W.  of  East  Sag- 
inaw, and  about  22  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  1  or  2 
newspaper  offices,  a  banking-house,  5  churches,  a  fiour-mill, 
2  planing-mills,  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  salt.  Pop. 
in  1890,  2277;  of  the  township,  additional,  1020. 

Midland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Mo.,  in  Mara- 
mec  township,  on  or  near  the  Mararaec  River,  and  oi^tbe 
St.  Louis,  Salem  &,  Little  Rock  Railroad,  99  miles  S.\\ .  of 
St.  Louis.  It  has  a  blast-furnace  for  pig-iron.  Iron  and 
lead  are  found  here. 

Midland,  a  post-office  of  Colfax  co.,  Neb. 

Midland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  on  th« 
Midland  Railroad,  44  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Alexandria. 

Midland,  a  post-office  of  Columbia  co.,  Wis. 

Midland  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  De  AVitt  co.,  III.,  in 
Barnett  township,  on  the  railroad  between  Clinton  and 
Lincoln,  2i  miles  from  Hallsvillc.     Pop.  about  100. 

Midland  Junction,  a  station  in  Clinton  co.,  Iowa, 
near  the  Mississippi  River,  and  at  the  junction  of  the  Chi- 
cago, Clinton  «fc  Dubuque  and  Iowa  Midland  Railroads,  7 
miles  N.  of  Lyons. 

Midland  Junction,  a  station  in  Chenango  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  <t  Western  Railroad,  at  the 
juncti(j«  of  the  Midland  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Norwich. 

Midland  Park,  a  post-office  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  New  Jersey  Midland  Railroad,  25  miles  N.N.W.  of  • 
Jersey  City. 

Mid-Lothian,  Scotland.    See  Edlxburch. 

Midlo'thian,  a  post-village  of  Chesterfield  co.,  Va., 
near  Coalfield  Station  on  the  Richmond  <t  Danville  Kail- 
road,  about  13  miles  W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  2  churcliea. 
Coal-mining  is  tho  chief  business  of  this  place.     Pop.  500. 

Mid^napoor',  or  Midnapur,  mid'mj-poor',  a  town 
of  Bengal,  capital  of  Midnapoor  district,  on  the  Cassai  (or 
Kasai)  River,  70  miles  by  canal  W.  of  Calcutta.  It  has  • 
jail,  a  hospital,  a  dispensary,  barracks,  brass-  and  copper- 
works,  government  and  other  schools,  Ac.     Pop.  31,491. 

Midnapoor,  or  Midnapur,  a  district  of  Bengal, 
bounded  S.E.  by  the  Bay  of  Bengal  and  the  river  Uoogly, 


MID 


1827 


MIF 


and  S.W.,  in  part,  by  the  province  of  Orissa.  Area,  5082 
square  miles.  It  is  generally  a  fertile  plain,  but  in  the  W. 
and  N.  the  soil  is  poor  and  the  surface  a  jungle.  Chief 
products,  rice,  sugar,  dates,  indigo,  silk,  lac,  honey,  and 
wax.    Capital,  Midnapoor.     Pop.  2,540,963. 

Midoes,  or  Midoeiis,  mo-do'^xs,  a  town  of  Portugal, 
in  Beira,  36  miles  W.S.W.  of  Guarda.     Pop.  2478. 

Ittidouze,  meeMooz',  a  navigable  river  of  France,  in 
Landes  formed  by  the  union  of  the  Midou  and  Douze,  enters 
the  Adour  on  the  right.  Length,  18  miles,  or,  comprising 
tbo  Midou,  65  miles. 

Midroe,  nud'ro-i\  a  town  of  Algeria,  on  the  river 
Falcd,  134  miles  S.W.  of  Algiers. 

Mid'somer  Norton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Som- 
erset, 8  miles  S.W.  of  Bath.     Pop.  of  parish,  4010. 

Mid'vale,  a  station  in  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Phillipsburg. 

Midvale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Passaic  co.,  N.J.,  in  Pomp- 
ton  township,  on  the  Montclair  A  Greenwood, Lake  Ilailroad, 
20  miles  N.  of  Montclair.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mid'ville,  a  post-village  of  Burke  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  about  94  miles  N.W.  of  Savannah.  It  has  a 
plough-factory  and  several  general  stores. 

Mid'way,  a  post-village  of  Bullock  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Jlonti'omery  &  Eufaula  Railroad,  53  miles  E.S.E.  of  Mont- 
gomery. It  has  a  high  school,  a  carriage-factory,  and  2 
churches.    Pop.  in  1S90,  612. 

Midway,  a  hamlet  of  Hot  Spring  co.,  Ark.,  on  the 
Washita  River,  6  miles  MV.  of  Donaldson  Station.     It  has 

3  churches. 

Midway,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alameda  ?o.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  64  miles  E.  by  S.  of  San  Francisco. 

Midway,  a  post-hamlet  of  (Jadsden  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
Jacksonville,  Pensacola  &  Mobile  Railroad,  12  miles  N.W. 
of  Tallahassee.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Midway,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co..  111.,  about  36 
miles  W.  of  Peoria,  and  1  mile  E.  of  Spoon  River.     It  has 

2  churches  and  valuable  coal-mines. 

Midway,  a  post-hamlet  in  Grass  township,  Spencer  co., 
Ind.,  about  25  miles  E.  of  Evansville.  It  has  2  or  3  churches. 

Midway,  a  station  in  Johnson  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chi- 
cago, Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  by  S.  of 
Iowa  City. 

Midway,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co.,  Kansas. 

Midway,  a  jiost-village  of  Woodford  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville  &  Lexington  Railroad,  14  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Lexington,  and  15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Frankfort.  It  has  6 
churches,  a  bank,  a  paper-mill,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  and  the 
Midway  orphan  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  1185. 

Midway,  a  post-village  of  Hinds  co..  Miss.,  on  the 
Vicksburg  &  Meridian  Railroad,  22i  miles  W.  of  Jackson, 
and  22i  miles  E.  of  Vicksburg.  It  contains  Midway  Col- 
lege and  a  steam  mill. 

Midway,  a  post-hamlet  of  Boone  co..  Mo.,  7  miles  W. 
of  Columbia.    It  has  a  church. 

Midway,  a  small  village  of  Jasper  co..  Mo.,  12  miles 
S.E.  of  Carthage.  It  has  a  church  and  a  masonic  hall. 
Here  is  Jasper  Post-Office. 

Midway,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y.,  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Frceville,  at  South  Lansing  Station. 

Midway,  a  post-township  of  Davidson  co.,  N.C.,  10 
miles  S.  of  Salem,  and  10  miles  N.  of  Lexington.     It  has 

4  churches.  Hero  is  the  Bethany  High  School.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1026. 

Midway,  a  station  in  Halifax  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  railroad 
from  M'eldon  to  Gaston,  6  miles  from  either  place. 

Midway,  Guernsey  co.,  0.     See  Centre ville. 

Midway,  a  village  of  Madison  co.,  0.,  in  Range  town- 
ship, about  33  miles  S.W.  of  Columbus.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  about  300.     Here  is  Cross  Roads  Post-Office. 

MidAvay,  a  post-office  of  Umatilla  co.,  Oregon. 

Midway,  a  post-village  in  Robinson  township,  Wash- 
ington CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pan-Handle  or  Pittsburg  &  Columbus 
Railroad.  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a  church 
and  2  iiublio  halls.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Midway,  a  post-village  in  Midway  township,  Barnwell 
CO.,  S.C,  on  the  South  Carolina  Railroad,  2  miles  from  the 
Edisto  River,  and  72  miles  W.N.W.  of  Charleston.     It  "has 

3  churches  and  several  schools.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1218. 
Midway,  a  township  of  Clarendon  co.,  S.C.  Pop.  425. 
Midway,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 

East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad,  63  miles  E. 
I  "y.^;  "*"  Knoxville.     It  has  3  general  stores.     Pop.  200. 

Midway,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Tex.,  26  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Huntsville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and 
a  steam  eotton-gin. 

Midway,  a  post-village  of  Wasatch  co.,  Utah,  about  30 


miles  S.E.  of  Salt  Lake  City.  It  has  a  church  and  a  silver- 
mine.     Pop.  676. 

Midway,  a  post-office  of  Halifax  co.,  Va. 

Midway,  a  post-village  of  La  Crosse  co..  Wis.,  on  tho 
Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  La  Crosse. 
It  has  a  church  and  2  warehouses  for  grain.     Pop.  300. 

Midway  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Nelson  co.,  Va. 

Midwolde,  mid'*ol-deh,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
province  of  Groningcn,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Winschoten.  Pop. 
of  commune,  3689. 

Miechow,  or  Mjechow,  me-i'Kov,  a  town  of  Poland, 
province  and  44  miles  S.W.  of  Kielce.     Pop.  1595. 

Miedzychod,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  BmxBAUJf. 

Miedzyrzyc,  me-Sd'ziii'zits,  a  town  of  Poland,  prov- 
ince and  25  miles  S.E.  of  Siedlec,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Bug. 
Pop.  4500. 

Mi6lan,  me-iM6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gers,  20  miles 
S.W.  of  Auch.     Pop.  1910. 

Mielec,  me-A-Idts',  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Galicia,  about 
35  miles  N.E.  of  Tarnow,  on  the  Wysloka.     Pop.  2995. 

Mier  (meer),  or  Lanc'aster,  a  post-vill.age  in  Lan- 
caster township,  Wabash  co..  111.,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Mount 
Carmel.     It  has  3  stores.     Post-office,  Mier. 

Mier,  meer,  a  post-village  in  Richland  township.  Grant 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  Pipe  Creek,  and  on  the  railroad  which  connects 
Logansport  with  Marion,  31  miles  E.S.E.  of  Logansport. 
It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy. 

Mieres  del  Camino,  me-i'r6s  ddl  ki-mee'no,  or  San 
Juan  Uautista,  sin  Hoo-4n'  bow-tees'ti,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Asturias,  10  miles  S.  of  Oviedo,  on  the  Lena  or 
Caudal.  It  has  a  fine  palace,  an  iron-foundry,  and  a  trade 
in  cinnabar,  iron,  sulphur,  and  coal. 

Mies,  mees,  or  Silber-Bergstadt,  sirb^r-binc'stitt, 
a  walled  town  of  Bohemia,  15  miles  W.  of  Pilsen.  Pop. 
3795,  mostly  employed  in  extensive  lead-  and  silver-mines. 

Miesbach,  mees'b^K,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  16  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Munich.     Pop.  2067. 

Mieshchowsk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Meshchovsk. 

Mietau,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Mitau. 

Mietska  Gorka,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  GonciiEy. 

Mieussy,  me-us^see',  a  village  of  France,  in  Savoy, 
province  of  Faucigny.     Pop.  of  commune,  2294. 

Micza,  me-A'thi,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Leon,  province  and 
about  54  miles  from  Salamanca.     Pop.  1174. 

Mifflin,  a  county  of  Pennsylvania,  is  near  the  middle 
of  the  state.  Area,  about  375  square  miles.  It  is  traversed 
in  the  S.E.  part  by  the  Juniata  River,  which  here  runs  in 
a  northeasterly  direction.  The  surface  is  diversified  with 
beautiful  mountain-scenery,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  cov- 
ered with  forests.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  Wheat, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products.  Among 
its  mineral  resources  are  iron  ore  and  limestone.  This 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  a  branch 
of  which  extends  from  Lewistown  to  Sunbury.  Capital, 
Lewistown.  Pop.  in  1870,  17,508;  in  1880,  19,577;  in 
1890,  19,996. 

Mifflin,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co.,  Ind.,  about  42 
miles  W.  of  New  Albany. 

Mifflin,  a  post-village  of  Ashland  co.,  C,  in  Mifflin 
township,  about  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mansfield.  It  has  2 
churches.  Pop.  about  400.  The  township  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  the  Black  Fork  of  the  Mohican  River.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  781. 

Mitfiin,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  0.     Pop.  1562. 

Mifffin,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  0.     Pop.  1108. 

Mithin,  a  township  of  Richland  co.,  0.     Pop.  898. 

Mifflin,  a  township  of  Wyandot  co.,  0.  Pop.  866.  It 
contains  a  part  of  Nevada. 

Mifffin,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  5058. 
It  contains  Braddock. 

Mifffin,  a  township  of  Columbia  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1029. 

Mifffin,  a  township  of  Cumberland  co..  Pa.    Pop.  1455. 

Mifflin,  a  township  of  Diiuphin  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  614,  ex- 
clusive of  Berrysburg  and  Uniontown. 

Mifflin,  a  township  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.     Pop.  10U4. 

Alifffin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Lebanon  &  Tremont  Railroad,  19  miles  N.  of  Lebanon. 

Mifffin,  a  post-village  of  Henderson  co.,  Tenn.,  about 
15  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Jackson.     It  has  a  church. 

Mifffin,  a  post-village  in  Mifflin  township,  Iowa  co., 
Wis.,  about  30  miles  N.E.  of  Dubuque,  and  10  miles  W.  of 
Mineral  Point.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  woollen- 
factory.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1-526. 

Mif'flinburg,  or  Young'maustown,  a  post-bor- 
ough of  Union  co..  Pa.,  on  Buffalo  Creek,  and  on  tho  Lew- 
isburg  Centre  &  Spruce  Creek  Railroad,  9  miles  AV.  by  S. 
of  Lewisburg,  and  about  22  miles  S.  of  Williamsport.    It_ 


MIF 


1828 


MIL 


contftins  &  (praded  school,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  ami  4  churchcg.     Pop.  in  189(1,  1417. 

Mitnin  Croan  KondH,  a  post-hamlet  in  Ileiiver  town- 
shii),  CoUiubia  co..  I'a.,  on  the  Danvillo,  Ilazoltun  A 
Wilkoiibarro  lloilrotul,  18  luilos  E.  of  Danvillo.  It  has  a 
church. 

Miritintowiif  or  lUifHin,  a  post-borougb,  enpitnl  of 
Juniata  oo.,  I'a.,  is  beautifully  situated  on  the  left  or  X. 
bank  of  the  Juniata  River,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania  llail- 
mad,  12  inilea  E.  of  Lowistown,  and  49  miles  by  railroad 
N.W.  of  llarrisburg.  It  contains  a  fine  court-house,  3 
churches,  2  banks,  and  a  coivch-factory.  Three  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop.  877.  A  bridge  across 
the  river  connects  this  town  with  Patterson,  in  which  is 
Mifflintown  Station  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad. 

Miffliiivillc,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  0. 

Miftliiivillef  a  post-village  in  Miffiin  township,  Colum- 
bia CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  North  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna 
Uiver,  about  20  miles  E.N.B.  of  Danvillo.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  300.     The  Lackawanna 

6  lilooinsburg  Railroad  is  on  the  other  bank  of  the  river. 

Mi^nlgtira,  a  town  of  Turkey.     Sec  Malgakaii. 

Migliarina,  moel-y&-reo'n&,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  7  miles  W.N.VV.  of  Catonzaro.     Pop.  2298. 

MiglionicO)  meel-yon'e-ko,  a  market-town  of  Italy, 
in  Hasilioata,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Matera.     Pop.  3711. 

Mignanego,  mcen-yl-ni'go,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  (icnoa,  2  miles  from  San  Quirico.  Pop.  of  com- 
mune, 2779. 

Mign^f  meen^yA',  a  village  of  France,  in  Vionne,  on 
the  Auzance.     Pop.  639. 

Migiiclturra,  mc-ghfirtooR'nl,  a  town  of  Spain,  Now 
Castile,  2  miles  S.  of  Ciudad  Real.  It  has  4  hermitages, 
one  of  which,  Santo  Cristo  de  la  Misericonlia,  is  remarkable 
for  the  richness  of  its  architecture.  The  manufactures 
comprise  brandy,  leather,  bricks,  and  tiles.     Pop.  6223. 

Mihaly-Falva,  mee'h!\i'-fol'voh\  or  Micnclsdorf, 
mco'K?l8-doRr,  a  village  of  Transylvania,  at  the  confluence 
of  the  Ilokel  with  the  Maros. 

Mihaly-Jasz-Tciek,  mec-hsll'-i&s-t^Mik',  a  village 
of  liungary,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Zaqua  with  the  Tama. 
Pop.  2291. 

Mihaly-Nagy5mee'h!Vl'-n5dj,araarket-villngeof  Hun- 
gary, CO.  and  37  miles  S.W.  of  Zemplin.     Pop.  3516. 

Alihdawalf  mee-daw'&l,  a  town  of  India,  Bustce  dis- 
trict.    Pop.  8124. 

Mihia,  mce'li,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Saxe-AYeimar, 

7  miles  N.  of  Eisenach.     Pop.  1484. 
Mihrjan,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  BninjAir. 
Mihrpur^  a  town  of  Bengal.    See  Meerpooii. 
Mihsif  a  town  of  India.    See  Maissy. 

MliaS)  or  Mias,  mee^ils',  a  river  of  Asiatic  Russia, 
governments  of  Orenboorg,  Perm,  and  Tobolsk,  joins  the 
Tobol  at  Yalootrovosk,  after  an  eastward  course  of  300  miles. 

Myares,  or  Mixares,  me-nA'rds,  a  river  of  Spain, 
enters  the  Mediterranean  6  miles  S.  of  Castellon  de  la 
Pinna,  after  an  E.  course  of  65  miles. 

MijaS)  or  Mixas,  mce'iid.s,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  15  miles  S.W.  of  Malaga.     Pop.  2687. 

Mijiritch,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Mizhiritch. 

lUikesville,  miks'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co., 
Fla.,  18  miles  S;  of  Lake  City.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mikhailov,  or  Michailov,  me-Ki-lov',  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  32  miles  S.W.  of  Riazan,  on  the 
Pronia.     Pop.  3309. 

Mikhalitza,  or  Mikhalitch.    See  Muhalitch. 

MiknaS)  a  town  of  Morocco.     See  Mequi.vez. 

Mikola,  mee^ko'loh\  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Szathmar,  4  miles  from  Szathmar-Nemeth.     Pop.  1183. 

Mikolajow,  raee-ko-li-yov',  a  town  of  Austrian  Ga- 
licia,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Stry.     Pop.  2133. 

Mikra  Dili,  an  island  of  Greece.    See  Delos. 

Mikuiince,  me-koo-lin's4,  a  town  of  Austrian  Poland, 
in  Galicia,  12  miles  S.  of  Tarnopol.     Pop.  3848. 

Mikulow,  a  town  of  Moravia.     See  NiKOLsnaRO. 

Mila,  or  Milah,  mee'l&,  a  town  of  Algeria,  province 
and  21  miles  N.W.  of  Constantino,  surrounded  by  gardens 
filled  with  the  finest  fruits  and  flowers.     Pop.  2500. 

Milagro  Ergavia,  me-Ii'gro  fiR-g&'ve-i,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Navarre,  40  miles  S.  of  Pamplona,  on  the  Aragon. 
Pop.  1234. 

Milam,  mi'lam,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Texas, 
has  an  area  of  about  1000  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  by  the  Brazos  River,  and  intersected  by  the  Leon 
or  Little  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  is 
extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cot- 
ton, oattle,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 


This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Gulf,  Colorado  &  Santa  F< 
Railroad  and  the  San  Antonio  A  Aransas  I'lmi  Ruiiroiul 
which  meet  nt  Cameron,  the  capital.  Pop  in  1870  8fiSi 
in  1880,  18,059;  in  1890,  2J.77.!.  ' 

Milam,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sabine  oo.,  Tox.,  about  71 
miles  8.  of  Shreveport,  La.     It  has  2  churches,    pop,  50. 

Milan,  mil'i^n  (Fr.  pron.  mcuM6N»' ;  It.  Milauo  tue 
14'no;  Ger.  Mniland,  mi'l&nt;  anc.  Mvdiuln'uHm),  \,\» 
largest  city  of  Lombardy,  and  the  third  in  size  in  itoJy 
capital  of  a  province  of  its  own  name,  is  situated  about  Ul 
miles  E.N.L.  of  Turin,  175  miles  W.  of  Venice,  75  uiilo 
N.N.E.  of  Genoa,  and  325  miles  N.N.W.  of  Rome.  Lat  4.V 
28'  1"  N. ;  Ion.  9°  1 1'  48"  E.  It  is  situated  in  a  bcautifu 
and  fertile  plain,  between  the  Ailda  and  Ticino,  which,  in  Ihjj 
part  of  their  course,  feed  four  scpitratc  canals,  one  of  which 
the  Naviglio  (Jrandc,  or  "Great  Canal,"  encircling  a  con 
siderablo  portion  of  the  interior  of  the  city,  divides  it  inu 
two  unequal  parts,  while  the  other  three,  on  the  outside 
are  available  both  for  irrigation  and  traffic.  It  is  the  cvii 
tre  of  several  important  railways.  It  is  built  in  the  forn 
of  an  irregular  polygon,  and  is  surrounded  by  canals,  whicl 
were  once  flanked  with  massive  bastions.  These,  with  i 
single  exception,  have  been  removed,  and  the  space  occu 
pied  by  them  and  the  earthen  ramparts  has  been  oonvertw 
into  walks,  shaded  by  ohcstnut-trecs.  The  town  is  cnterec 
by  11  gates,  the  streets  leading  from  which  are  of  conve 
nient  breadth,  well  ])avc(l  and  lighted.  The  Piazza  d'Arin 
is  an  immense  space,  obUiined  by  the  demolition  of  lh( 
citadel  and  its  outworks;  it  is  used  for  the  exercise  of 
troops,  and  has  extensive  barracks;  part  of  it  has  bcci 
converted  into  an  amphitheatre  cnpablo  of  containini 
30,000  spectators.  The  houses  of  Milan  are  built,  for  th< 
most  part,  of  brick,  and  covered  with  tiles,  but  have  oftci 
a  handsome  and  showy  exterior.  The  finest  streets  bar* 
ranges  of  elegant  mansions,  which  would  be  ornaments  U 
any  capital. 

Among  the  great  number  of  public  edifices  that  adon 
Milan,  the  most  remarkable  is  the  Duorno  or  cathedral,  1 
vast  and  magnificent  structure,  situated  almost  in  the  cen- 
tre of  the  city,  in  the  Piazza  del  Duoino.  The  edifice  wm 
commenced  in  1387,  and  has  ever  since  been  advancing  to- 
wards completion.  It  is  built  of  white  marble,  and  is  re- 
markable for  the  extreme  lightness  of  its  construction.  H 
is  490  feet  long,  298  feet  wide,  and  355  feet  high  to  the  top 
of  the  dome,  above  which  rises  an  elegant  tower.  Its  form 
is  that  of  a  Latin  cross,  divided  into  five  naves.  Around 
the  roofs  and  sides  are  4600  niches,  of  which  many  are  oc- 
cupied by  statues.  The  building  is  adorned  with  more  than 
a  hundred  beautiful  spires.  In  the  interior  everything  ia 
of  the  most  imposing  and  gorgeous  description.  The  floor 
is  formed  of  marble  of  different  colors,  disposed  in  various 
figures;  paintings  by  the  most  celebrated  masters  adorn  the 
walls  ;  and  the  figures  sketched  on  the  windows  are  of  a  size 
and  boldness  probably  unequalled  in  the  world.  The  other 
remarkable  edifices  are  the  church  of  Sant'  Ainbrogio, 
founded  by  St.  Ambrose  in  387,  containing  so  many  an- 
cient epitaphs  and  other  relics  as  to  form  a  rich  museum 
of  Christian  antiquities;  the  church  of  Sant'  Eustorgio, 
with  interesting  monuments;  the  church  of  Santa  Maria 
delle  Grazie,  in  which  is  the  celebrated  "  Last  Supper,"  by 
Leonardo  da  Vinci ;  the  church  of  Santa  Maria  dclla  Pas- 
sione,  with  a  magnificent  mausoleum;  the  Palazzo  Heale; 
the  archiepiscopal  palace,  adjoining  the  cathedral ;  the 
Palazzo  di  Governo,  containing  a  vast  court  lined  with  por- 
ticos supported  by  pillars;  the  Palazzo  del  Marino,  now 
a  custom-house  and  treasury;  the  Broletto,  or  Palazzo 
Alunicipali ;  the  former  Palazzo  della  llagione,  now  thecorn 
exchange;  the  Palazzo  di  Giustizia;  the  railway  station; 
the  Galleria  Vittorio  Emanuele,  a  beautiful  and  costly  build- 
ing, occupied  by  shops;  the  mint;  the  barracks,  forming  a 
lung  and  elegant  range  of  buildings,  capable  of  holding 
4000  men  ;  the  prisons,  one  of  which  is  regarded  as  a  model 
of  its  kind ;  the  house  of  correction  at  Porta  Nuova ;  and  a 
great  number  of  theatres,  among  which  that  called  Della 
Scala  takes  precedence,  accommodating  4000  spectators. 

The  chief  scientifio  and  educational  establishments  ar» 
the  Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  with  a  library  of  270,000 
volumes,  valuable  manuscripts,  a  picture-gallery  rich  in 
the  choicest  productions  of  the  ancient  Italian  masters, 
an  astronomical  and  magnetical  observatory,  considered  the 
finest  in  Italy,  and  a  botanic  garden ;  the  Ambrosian  Li- 
brary, with  160,000  volumes  and  15,000  manuscripts;  the 
Trivulzio  Library,  20,000  volumes  and  2000  raanuscripU; 
5  gymnasia,  a  normal  school,  a  school  of  medicine  and  sur- 
gery, several  learned  societies,  and  a  military  geographical 
institute,  which  publishes  excellent  maps.  The  principal 
benevolent  endowments  are  the  Ospitale  Maggiore,  richly 


MIL 


1829 


MIL 


(■jwed,  and  occupying  a  vast  range  of  buildings  in  the 
(  hie  style,  with  a  fajade  adorned  by  five  bas-reliefs,  and 
n  rfo  square  court  enclosed  by  porticos,  the  Ospitale  di 
s  til  Catorina,  the  Ospitale  dei  Fate-bene-Fratelli,  the 
C  italo  dei  Pazzi,  the  Monte  di  Pieti,  the  infant  house  of 
r  ge,  the  house  of  incurables,  the  penitentiary  and  house 
0  ndustry,  the  military,  orphan,  and  foundling  hospitals, 
lilan  is  tlie  see  of  an  archbishop,  and  the  seat  of  courts  of 
r  oary  resort,  criminal  and  mercantile  courts,  and  a  court 

0  .ppeal  for  all  Lombardy.  It  is  the  largest  book-mart 
i  tiily;  and  from  its  position  on  the  great  routes  across 
t  Alps,  and  its  connection  by  canals  with  the  principal 
r:  rs  in  Itjily,  it  is  favorably  situated  for  trade.  Its  man- 
uj;ture8  comprise  silks,  velvets,  ribbons,  lace,  cotton,  car- 
t:,  jewelry,  glass,  paper,  and  porcelain;  it  has  a  royal 
t  icco-manufactory. 

[ilan  is  very  ancient;  it  was  founded  in  400  B.C.,  and  was 
i  ibitcd  and  embellished  by  many  of  the  Roman  emperors. 
■\  '11  studied  here,  and  it  is  the  birtliplace  of  many  cmi- 
r  t  persons,  among  whom  may  be  named  the  Topes  Alex- 
n  er  II.,  Urban  III.,  Cclestino  IV.,  Pius  IV.,  and  Gregory 

1  v'.,  the  jurist  Alciato,  the  geometer  Cardan,  Beccaria, 
8  the  novelist  Manzoni.  It  was  the  capital  of  a  republic 
i  056 ;  in  the  end  of  the  fourteenth  century  it  was  made  the 
c  ital  of  the  duchy  of  Milan  ;  it  passed  successively  under 

Iiominion  of  Spain  and  Austria,  and  was  taken  by  the 
ich  in  1796  and  1800.  In  1805  the  French  made  it  the 
tai  of  the  kingdom  of  Italy.  It  was  retaken  by  Austria 
514,  but  after  several  insurrections  the  Austrians  were 
(orarily  e.xpelled  in  1848.  After  four  months  the  city 
again  captured  by  them,  and  remained  in  their  posses- 
until  1859,  when  Lombardy  was  incorporated  in  the 
dom  of  Italy.  Pop.  in  1846,  156,326;  in  1881, 
543,  or,  including  the  suburbs,  321,839. Adj.  and 
b.  MiLANESR,  rairan-eez'  (It.  pron.  me-li-ni'si). 
ilan,  also  called  the  Milanese,  a  province  of  Italy, 
iOmbardy,  containing  the  capital  city  of  the  same 
B.  Area,  1155  square  miles.  Pop.  1,009,794. 
jmi'lan,  a  township  of  De  Kalb  co.,  111.  Pop.  857. 
jlilan,  a  township  of  Macon  co.,  111.  Pop.  322. 
jfilan,  or  Cain'den  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Black 
ink  township.  Rock  Island  co.,  111.,  on  the  Rock  River, 
losite  South  Rock  Island,  and  on  the  Peoria  &  Rock 
Und  Railroad,  also  on  the  Rock  Island  &  Mercer  County 
[iroad,  5i  miles  S.  of  Davenport,  Iowa.  It  has  3 
rches,  3  flouring-mills,  a  paper-mill,  a  chair-factory, 
f  12  stores.     It  has  immense  water-power.     Pop.  818. 

1  lilan,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.,  traversed  by  the 
amee  River.  Pop.  1183, 
lilan,  a  post-village  in  Franklin  township,  Ripley  co., 
..,on  the  Ohio  <fe  Mississippi  Railroad,  42  miles  W.  of 
cinnati.  It  has  2  churches,  a  woollen-  and  a  flour-mill. 
itiian,  a  post-office  of  Lucas  co.,  Iowa. 
ililan,  a  post-office  of  Sumner  co.,  Kansas,  45  miles 
ny.  of  Wichita. 

jlilan,  Livingston  co.,  Mich.  See  Unadilla. 
jlilan,  a  post-township  of  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  about  42 
les  S.W.  of  Detroit.  It  contains  a  village  named  East 
lah,  and  part  of  the  village  of  Milan.  Pop.  1488. 
jlilan,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  and  Washtenaw  cos., 
lih.,  in  Milan  and  York  townships,  16  miles  S.  of  Ann 
J>or.  It  has  a  church,  a  stave-factory,  a  flouring-mill, 
ti  a  saw-mill.     l>op.  about  300. 

lilan,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Sullivan  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
ylington  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  32  miles  N.  of  Laclede, 
i;l  about  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  ChiUicothe.  It  is  between 
Ij  Middle  and  East  Forks  of  Locust  Creek,  which  are 
i|rly  3  miles  apart.  It  contains  a  court-house,  2  news- 
I'cr  offices,  a  bank,  a  money-order  post-office,  a  steam 
l,!t-mill,  and  3  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  1234. 

lilan,  a  post-village  in  Jlilan  township,  Coos  co.,  N.H., 
||  the  Androscoggin  River,  near  Milan  Station  on  the 
jmd  Trunk  Railroad,  about  100  miles  N.N.W.  of  Port- 
Id,  Mo.  It  has  a  church  and  2  starch-mills.  Pop.  of  the 
I  nship,  710. 

lAilan,  or  Locke,  a  post-village  in  Locke  township, 
I'uga  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Owasco  Inlet,  and  on  the  Southern 
^;itral  Railroad,  21  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Auburn.  It  has  2 
'l  rches,  2  grist-mills,  a  nursery,  and  a  saw-mill.  The 
'iao  of  its  post-office  is  Locke.  Pop.  about  500. 
;iilan,  a  post-township  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  about  12 
•jOS  E.  of  Kingston,  is  traversed. by  the  Rhinebeck  <fc 
Jmecticut  Railroad.  It  contains  hamlets  named  Milan, 
|Jk  City,  and  Jackson  Corner.  Pop.  1416. 
|lulan,  a  post-village  in  Milan  township,  Erie  co.,  0., 
|JIuron  River,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Sandusky  City,  and  4 

68  N.  of  Norwalk.    It  is  8  miles  S.  of  Lake  Erie,  with 


which  it  is  connected  by  a  canal.  It  is  finely  situated  on  a 
bluff  about  60  feet  higher  than  the  river.  It  contains  4 
churches,  the  Western  Reserve  Normal  School,  a  bank,  and 
a  newspaper  office.  Vessels  of  250  tons  can  j>ass  from  the 
lake  to  Milan.     Pop.  774;  of  the  township,  2210. 

Alilan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Sus- 
quehanna River,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania  &  New  York 
Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Athens.     It  has  1  or  2  Hour-mills. 

Milan  (formerly  Milan  Depot),  a  post-village  of 
Gibson  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  South  or  Rutherford  Fork  of  the 
Obion  River,  and  on  the  Louisville  <fe  Memphis  Railroad, 
at  its  junction  with  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago 
Railroad,  93  miles  E.N.E.  of  Memphis,  and  23  miles  N.  of 
Jackson.  It  has  7  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  money- 
order  post-office,  Milan  College,  a  planing-mill,  2  carriage- 
factories,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  1546. 

Milanese,  miPan-eez'  or  me-Ii-nd'si,  an  old  division 
of  Italy,  (capital,  Milan),  now  chiefly  in  the  province  of 
Milan. 

Miiano,  a  town  of  Italy.    Sec  Milan. 

Milano,  me-li'no,  a  post-office  of  Milam  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  International  &  Great  Northern  Railroad,  20  miles 
W.S.W.  of  llearne. 

Mi'lanville,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co..  Pa.,  in  Da- 
mascus township,  near  the  Deliiware  River,  3  miles  from 
Cochecton  Railroad  Station,  and  about  15  miles  N.E.  of 
Ilonesdale.  It  has  an  academy,  a  largo  tannery,  a  grist- 
mill, and  2  saw-mills. 

Milazzo,  me-lAt'so,  or  Melazzo,  mi-lit'so  (anc. 
Mj/'tie),  a  strongly  fortified  seaport  town  on  the  N.  coast  of 
Sicily,  18  miles  W.  of  Messina.  Pop.  12,060.  It  consists 
of  an  upper  and  a  lower  town,  both  irregularly  built,  and 
with  many  large  but  mean  edifices;  its  citadel  and  other 
military  works  are,  however,  so  strong  by  nature  and  art 
that  it  may  be  regarded  as  tlie  Gibraltar  of  Sicily.  It  has 
a  convenient  harbor,  and  an  export  trade  in  tunny,  wine, 
silk,  fruit,  rags,  argol,  corn,  oil,  and  the  cordial  called  rijio- 
colio.     See  Gui.F  OF  Milazzo. 

Milber'nie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wake  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Neuse  River,  6  miles  E.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  2  stores  and  a 
church. 

Mil'bome-Port,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Somerset, 
on  the  Ivel,  2|  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sherborne.  The  town  has 
an  ancient  guild  hall,  and  brisk  manufactures  of  gloves. 
Pop.  of  parish,  2033. 

Mil  bridge,  Maine.     See  Millbuidce. 

Milburn,  Illinois  and  New  Jersey.     See  MiLLDrnx. 

Mil'burn,  a  post-village  of  Ballard  co.,  Ky.,  about  27 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Paducah,  and  22  miles  S.E.  of  Cairo,  111. 
It  has  an  academy  and  4  churches.     Pop.  314. 

Milburn,  a  post-village  of  San  Saba  co.,  Tex.,  about  30 
miles  N.W.  of  San  Saba.     Pop.  about  100. 

Milcsiu,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Milt!3CH1n. 

Milden,  the  German  name  of  Muuuo.v. 

Mildenau,  mil'd^h-now',  a  village  of  Saxony,  circle  of 
Zwickau.     Pop.  2506. 

Mildcnhall,  mil'd^n-hill,  a  market-town  and  parish 
of  England,  co.  of  Suffolk,  on  the  navigable  Lark,  9  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Brandon.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  a  handsomo 
church  with  a  rich  carved  roof.     Pop.  of  parish,  3862. 

Mild'niay,or  Mer'nersvillc,a  post-village  in  Bruco 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  Wellington,  Grey  <fc  Bruce  Railway,  6 
miles  S.  of  Walkerton.  It  has  a  woollen-mill,  a  jiottcry,  a 
saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  5  stores,  and  2  hotels.     Pop.  250. 

Mile  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Pickens  co.,  S.C. 

Mile  End,  or  Cote  Saint  Louis,  kot  sA,n«  loo'ee',  a 
village  in  llochelaga  co.,  Quebec,  adjoining  St.  Jean  Bap- 
tiste  village,  2  miles  from  Montresil  Post-Offiee.  It  contains 
a  church,  a  deaf  and  dumb  asylum,  a  driving  park,  a  race- 
course, and  extensive  stone-quarries.     Pop.  4000. 

Mile  Run,  a  post-office  of  Northumberland  CO.,  Pa. 

Miles,  milz.  a  station  in  Escambia  eo.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Mobile  &  Montgomery  Railroad,  59  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mobile. 

Miles,  a  station  in  Macoupin  co..  III.,  on  the  Chicago 
&  Alton  Railroad,  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Alton. 

Miles,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Sabula,  Ackley  &  Dakota  Railroad,  15  miles  AV.  of  Sabula. 
It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  a  banking-house,  and  a 
carriage-factory. 

Miles,  a  township  of  Centre  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1325. 

Milesburg,  mllz'burg,  a  post-borough  of  Centre  co., 
Pa.,  on  Bald  Eagle  Creek,  and  on  the  Bald  Eagle  Valley 
Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Bellefonte  Branch,  45  miles 
N.E.  of  Altoona,  and  2  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bellefonte.  It  has 
4  churches,  2  academies,  3  hotels,  2  iron-furnaces,  a  foundry, 
a  machine-shop,  2  flouring-mills,  2  mineral  springs,  and  a 
carriage-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  711. 


MIL 


1830 


MIL 


Miles  (mill)  Citf ,  k  poit-village,  capital  of  Custer  oo., 
Montana,  on  the  right  (S.)  banic  of  the  Yellowstone,  2  miles 
bolow  the  mouth  of  the  Tongue  River.     Pop.  in  1890,  950. 

Miles  Cross  Rondn,  a  post-office  of  Clay  oo.,  Tenn. 

Miles  GrovOf  a  post-villaj^o  in  Oirard  township,  Erie 
SO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Luke  hhore  >i  Michigan  Soutliorn  Railroad, 
15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Erie.  It  has  2  ohurolies,  and  manu- 
faetures  of  farming-impioincnts  and  woollen  goods.  Pop. 
•bout  500.     Here  is  tiirard  Station,  1  mile  from  Lake  Erie. 

Miles*  Milly  a  station  in  Edgefield  oo.,  S.C.,  on  the 
Charlotte,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of 
Ornnitoville. 

Miles  Point,  a  post-hamlot  of  Carroll  oo.,  Mo.,  on  Mis- 
souri River,  1.'5  miles  bolow  Lexington.     It  has  a  church. 

Miles  Pond,  a  post-offioo  of  Essex  co.,  Vt.,  and  a 
station  on  the  Portland  &  Ogdonsburg  Rivilroad,  15  miles  E. 
by  N.  of  St.  Johnsbury. 

Miles  River,  of  Talbot  co.,  Md.,  is  a  navigable  inlet 
of  the  Chcsnpoako. 

Miles  Station,  a  post-hamlot  of  Macoupin  oo.,  III.,  on 
tbo  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of  Alton.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Milestown,  milz'tCwn,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Mary's  co., 
Md.,  near  the  Potomac  River,  about  50  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Washington,  D.C. 

Milestown,  a  post-office  of  Philadelphia  co.,  Pa.,  is  a 
branch  of  the  Philadelphia  Post-Offico,  and  is  7  or  8  miles 
N.  of  Independence  Ilall. 

Mile  Strip,  a  post-offico  of  Madison  oo.,  N.Y.,  2  miles 
from  Peterborough. 

Milcsville,  milz'vTI,  a  hamlet  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Forward  township,  3  miles  from  Monongahela  City.  It  has 
a  coal-mine. 

Miles  Wharf,  a  steamboat-landing  of  Northampton 
CO.,  Va.,  on  Occohannoo  River,  18  miles  S.  of  Accomivck 
Court- House. 

Miletin,  me-l?h-teen',  a  town  of  Bohemia,  circle  of 
Bidschow,  57  miles  N.E.  of  Prague.     Pop.  1861. 

Mileto,  me-14'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Catan- 
taro,  47  miles  N.N.E.  of  Reggio.  Pop.  4421.  It  has  a 
cathedral  and  a  bishop's  palace. 

Milc'tus  (Gr.  MtATjTo?,  Milltog),  a  ruined  city  of  Asia 
Minor,  the  remains  of  which,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Men- 
der, 30  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ayasoolook  (Ephesus),  comprise  an 

enormous  theatre,  and  the  ruins  of  a  church. Adj.  and 

inhnb.  Milesian,  rai-leesh'yan. 

Milficld,  Atiiens  co.,  0.     See  MiLLriELD. 

Milford,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Derby,  on  the 
Dorwent,  and  on  the  North  Midland  Railway,  2  miles  S.  of 
Belper.     Pop.  1700. 

Mil'ford,  a  seaport-town  of  Wales,  co.  of  Pembroke,  on 
the  N.  side  of  Milford-Haven,  6  miles  E.lT.E.  of  St.  Anne's 
Head,  and  6  miles  W.N.W.  of  Pembroke.  It  is  the  termi- 
nus of  a  branch  railway,  is  well  built,  and  has  an  elegant 
church,  a  custom-house,  an  observatory,  a  market-house, 
and  a  quay,  with  some  ship-building  and  exports.  Pop. 
9718.  New  Milford,  3*  miles  E.  of  Milford,  is  the  terminus 
of  the  South  Wales  Railway,  and  is  the  point  of  departure 
of  steamers  for  Ireland. 

Mil'ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lassen  oo.,  Cal.,  on  Honey 
Lake,  65  miles  N.W.  of  Reno,  Nevada.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  of  township,  113. 

Mil  ford,  a  post-village  and  seaport  in  Milford  township, 
New  Haven  co..  Conn.,  on  Long  Island  Sound,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Wopewaug  River,  and  on  the  New  York,  New  Haven 
&  Hartford  Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of  New  Haven.  It 
contains  a  graded  school,  a  savings-bank,  5  churches,  a  car- 
riage-factory, a  manufactory  of  boots  and  shoes,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  large  manufactory  of  straw  goods,  and  the 
Automatic  Book-Sewing  MochineCorapany.  The  township 
is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Housatonio  River.  Pop.  of 
township  in  1890,  3811. 

Milford,  or  North  Milford,  a  post-borough  in  Mil- 
ford hundred,  Kent  co.,  Del.,  on  the  N.  bank  of  Mispillion 
Creek,  which  separates  it  from  South  Milford,  and  on  the 
Junction  &  Breakwater  Railroad,  about  62  miles  S.  of  Wil- 
mington. It  contains  3  churches  (besides  2  colored),  the 
Milford  Collegiate  and  Academic  Institute,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  bank,  2  hotels,  machine-shops,  and  a  woollen-fac- 
tory, and  manufactures  baskets,  castings,  lumber,  cooperage, 
Ac.  It  has  2  flour-mill.!.  Pop.  in  1890,  1226 ;  of  Milford 
hundred,  3361.  Ship-building  is  carried  on,  and  oak  bark 
is  largely  marketed  here. 

Milford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baker  co.,  Ga.,  8  miles  S.  of 
Lcary's  Station.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 

Milford,  a  post-village  of  Iroquois  co..  III.,  in  Milford 
township,  on  Sugar  Creek,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  Eastern 


Illinois  Railroad,  35  miles  N.  of  Danville,  nnd  03  mil 
of  Chicago.     It  ha«  a  church,  a  newspaper  office,  and  «»„ 
faoturcs  of  bricks,  flour,  lumber,  and  tile*.     Pon  in  mu 
957 ;  of  the  township,  1999.  ' "  " 

Milford,  a  village  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind.,  in  Clay  tow 
ship,  on  Clifty  Creek,  8i  miles  W.  of  lirecnuhurir  m 
about  44  miles  S.E.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  3  churdi, 
Here  is  Clifty  Post-Office.     Pop.  316. 

Milford,  a  post-village  in  Van  Buren  township,  K< 
ciusko  CO.,  Ind.,  on  Turkey  Creek,  and  on  the  Cincinnn 
Wabash  A  Michigan  Railroad,  at  the  crossing  of  the  l(a| 
more  A  Ohio  Extension  Railroad,  about  13  miles  S. 
Goshen.  It  has  a  flouring-mill,  a  planing-miU,  and 
drug-stores.     Pop.  432. 

Milford, a  township  of  La  Grange  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  12( 
It  contains  South  Milford  and  Mount  Pisgah. 

Milford,  a  township  of  Cniwford  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  6' 

Milford,  a  post-village  in  Milford  township,  Dickini 
CO.,  Iowa,  35  miles  E.  of  Sibley,  nnd  3  miles  from  Okob 
Lake.    It  has  extensive  water-power  nnd  a  flour-mill. 

Milford,  a  village  of   Montgomery  co.,  Iowa,  on 
branch  of  the  Nodaway  River,  15  miles  N.  of  Villlsca. 
has  a  church.     Here  is  Grant  Post-Office. 

Milford,  a  township  of  Story  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  636. 

Milford,  a  po.st-village  in  Milford  township,  Davis  o 
Kansas,  on  the  Rej)ublican  River,  about  13  miles  N.N.W. 
Junction  City,  and  1  mile  from  Milford  Station  on  a  bran 
of  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad.  It  has  2  churchoa,  a  floi 
mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  347. 

Milford,  a  post-village  of  Bracken  co.,  Ky.,  on  t 
North  Fork  of  the  Licking  River,  about  22  milei  WA' 
of  Maysville.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  108. 

Milford,  a  post-office  of  Rapides  parish.  La. 

Milford,  a  post-hamlet  in  Milford  township,  Pcnol)» 
CO.,  Me.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Penobscot  River,  ami 
the  European  &  North  American  Railroad,  13  miles  N.N, 
of  Bangor.  It  is  partly  supported  by  the  lumbor-busins 
Pop.  of  township,  827. 

Milford,  a  post-village  in  Milford  township,  Worces' 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Milford  Branch  of  the  Boston  t  Alba 
Railroad,  and  on  the  railroad  from  Ashland  to  Woonsock 
R.I.,  34  miles  W.S.W.  of  Boston,  and  about  18  miles  S, 
of  Worcester.    It  contains  5  or  6  churches,  a  national  biti 

1  other  bank,  a  town-house,  a  public  library,  a  newspai 
office,  and  several  manufactories  of  boots.  The  townst 
contains  other  villages,  named  Hopedale  and  South  Milfoi 
Pop.  of  township,  9818. 

Milford,  a  post-village  in  Milford  township,  Oakla 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  Huron  River,  and  on  the  Flint  A  Pere  Mi 
quctte  Railroad,  32  miles  S.  of  Flint,  and  36  miles  N.' 
of  Detroit.     It  has  a  bank,  4  churches,  1  or  2  foumlri 

2  woollen-factories,  2  flour-mills,  a  planing-mill,  a  grad 
school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  nianuliictures  of  cultivato 
pumps,  sash,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1138;  of  township,  lltfi 

Milford,  a  post-township  of  Brown  co.,  Minn.,  abo 
30  miles  W.  of  St.  Peter,  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Minr 
sola  River,  and  intersected  by  the  Winona  A  St.  Peter  Ra 
road.     Pop.  723. 

Milford,  a  post-village  of  Barton  co.,  Mo.,  20  miles 
of  Nevada.  It  has  a  church,  a  hotel,  a  grist-mill,  a  ploog 
factory,  a  high  school,  Ac. 

Milford,  a  post-village  of  Seward  co..  Neb.,  on  the  B 
Blue  River,  10  miles  below  Seward,  and  about  22  miles  \ 
by  S.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  flouring-mi 
The  river  here  afi'ords  valuable  water-power.    P.  (1890)  55 

Milford,  a  post-village  in  Milford  township,  Hill 
borough  CO.,  N.H.,  on  Souhegan  River,  and  on  the  Nash 
A  Wilton  Railroad,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Nashua,  and  25  mil 
N.W.  of  Lowell.  It  has  1  or  2  cotton-mills,  a  tanner 
several  granite-quarries,  a  furniture-factory,  a  nation, 
bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  ai 
2  churches.     Pop.  of  township,  2606. 

Milford,  a  hamlet  of  New  Jersey,  in  Burlington  ai 
Camden  cos.,  4i  miles  N.  of  Berlin.     It  hn*  a  church. 

Milford,  a  post-village  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  on  t 
Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Belvidere  Delaware  Railroaj 
35  miles  N.N.W.  of  Trenton,  and  16  miles  below  Eastol 
Pa.  It  has  3  churches,  2  flour-mills,  Ac.  Pop.  about  6C 
Here  is  a  bridge  across  the  river.  i 

Milford,  a  post- village  in  Milford  township,  Otsego  & 
N.Y.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Cooperstov 
A  Susquehanna  Valley  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Coopei 
town,  and  70  miles  W.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  branch  ban 
2  churches,  Ac.  The  township  contains  Colliersville  at 
Portlandville.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2051. 

Milford,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  0.    Pop.  1649. 
contains  Collinsville,  Darrtown,  and  Somerville. 


MIL 


1831 


MIL 


JMilford,  a  post-village  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  in  Miami 
Wnship,  on  the  Little  Miami  River,  and  on  tlic  Little 
f,arai  Railroad,  14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  a 
idod  school,  4  churches,  a  money-order  post-office,  and  a 
!ur-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  995. 

jMilford,  a  township  of  Defiance  co.,  0.,  on  the  Indiana 
e.    Pop.  1555. 

Milford,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  0.     Pop.  1024. 
;]Milford,  Union  co.,  0.    See  Milford  Centre. 
Milibrd,  a  township  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  2900.     It 
ntains  Milford  Square. 

Milford,  a  township  of  Juniata  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1158. 
lilford  Station  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  is  3  miles 
.of  Mifflin. 

Milford,  Perry  co.,  Pa.  See  Juniata. 
Milford,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Pike  co..  Pa.,  in 
ilford  township,  on  the  Delaware  River,  8  miles  below 
lit  Jcrvis,  and  about  60  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Soranton.  It 
surrounded  by  picturesque  scenery,  and  has  become  a 
miner  resort.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
d  a  graded  school.  Pop.  in  1890,  79.3. 
Milford,  a  township  of  Somerset  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1409. 
contains  New  Centreville  and  Milford  Station. 
Milford,  a  post-village  of  Ellis  co.,  Tex.,  50  miles  S.  of 
illas.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  drug-store.  Pop.  995. 
Milford,  a  post-village  of  Caroline  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
jattapony  River,  and  on  the  Richmond,  Fredericksburg  & 
i)tomac  Railroad,  40  miles  N.  of  Richmond. 
jMilford,  a  post-village  in  Milford  township,  Jefferson 
j..  Wis.,  on  the  Crawfish  River,  about  27  miles  E.  of  Madi- 
n,  and  10  miles  S.AV.  of  Watertown.  It  has  2  grist-mills 
il  a  saw-mill.  The  Rock  River  touches  the  S.E.  part  of 
0  township.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1551. 
Mil'fora,  a  post-village  in  Annapolis  co..  Nova  Scotia, 
miles  from  Annapolis.  It  has  4  saw-mills.  Pop.  150. 
Milford  (formerly  called  Wickwire  Station),  a  post- 
llagc  in  Hants  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Intercolonial  llail- 
ly,  35  miles  N.  of  Halifax.  It  contains  a  good  limcstone- 
;;irry,  and  near  by  there  is  an  extensive  gypsum-quarry, 
jinber,  hay,  and  gypsum  arc  shipped  here.  Pop.  175. 
Milford,  a  post-village  in  Prince  Edward  co.,  Ontario, 
:i  Black  River,  10  miles  S.  of  Picton.  It  contains  fi  stores, 
hotels,  and  carding-,  grist-,  and  saw-mills.  Pop.  400. 
Milford  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Union  township, 
nion  CO.,  0.,  on  Darby  Creek,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Cin- 
iinati  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  and  on  the  railroad  which 
nnects  Delaware  with  Springfield,  28  miles  N.W.  of  Co- 
mbus,  and  5  miles  S.W.  of  Marysville.  It  has  4  churches, 
carriage- factory,  and  a  large  grist-mill.  Pop.  (1890)  718. 
Milford-Ha'ven,  a  harbor  of  England,  on  a  deep 
let  of  the  Atlantic,  coast  of  South  Wales,  co.  of  Pem- 
•oke,  forming  one  of  the  best  ports  in  the  British  domin- 
ns.  On  the  N.W.  extremity  of  the  entrance  is  St.  Anne's 
ead,  on  which  are  3  light-houses  with  fixed  lights.  Length 
'  haven,  about  15  miles;  average  breadth,  2  miles.  It  is 
impletely  landlocked,  has  deep  water,  and  the  whole 
lipping  of  the  empire  might  ride  here  as  safely  as  in  dock, 
hilst  the  access  is  easy,  and  the  egress  can  bo  accomplished 
'en  in  head-winds.  On  it  are  the  towns  of  Milford,  New 
[ilford,  and  Pembroke. 

^^ilford  Haven  Bridge,  a  post-village  in  Guys- 
irough  CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  5  miles  from  Guysborough.  P.  150. 
Milford  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  in  Upper  Uwchlan  town- 
lip,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  11  or  12  miles  N.W.  of  West  Chester. 
;  has  2  woollen-mills. 

Milford  Square,  a  post-village  in  Milford  township, 
uoks  CO.,  Pa.,  3i  miles  W.  of  Quakertown,  and  about  14 
lilea  S.S.E.  of   Allentown.     It   has  a  church,  a  coach- 
ictory,  a  cigar-factory,  a  newspaper  office,  and  2  grist-mills. 
Milford  Station,  a  post-hamlet  in  Milford  township, 
omerset  co..  Pa.,  on  the  railroad  between  Somerset  and 
iineral  Point. 
Mil'fordton,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  0. 
Milhau,  a  town  of  France.    See  Millau. 
Milhaud,  mee'lo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gard,  4  miles 
y  rail  S.W.  of  Nimes.     Pop.  1896. 
i  Milh,  El,  Palestine.    See  El  Mii.h. 
Milianah,  me-le-i'nS,,  or  Milliana,  nill-le-i'n&,  a 
)Wii  of  Algeria,  province  and  68  miles  S.W.  of  Algiers,  on  a 
lountain-slope,  3000  feet  above  sea-level.     It  has  numerous 
losques  and  various  manufactures.     Roman  remains,  com- 
ri«ing  columns,  statues,  bas-reliefs,  medals,  &o.,  are  met 
fith  here.     Pop.  3142. 
Mililli,  a  town  of  Sicily.    See  Melilli. 
Milis,  niee'Ieece,  a  village  on  the  island  of  Sardinia,  6 
tiles  N.  of  Oristano.     Pop.  1450. 
Mii'itarv,  township,  AVinncshiek  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  1539. 


Mil'itary  Fron'tier  (Ger.  Milit'dr-Grenze,  me-le-tia'- 
grint'seh),  a  belt  of  country  in  the  Hungarian  kingdom, 
formerly  stretching  along  the  frontiers  of  Turkey,  from  the 
Adriatic  Sea  and  Dalmatia  to  Transylvania,  and  bounded 
N.  by  Croatia,  Slavonia,  Hungary,  and  Transylvania,  and 
S.  by  Bosnia,  Servia,  and  Wallachia,  having  an  area  of  12,922 
square  miles.  This  military  frontier  was  originally  formed 
about  the  middle  of  the  sixteenth  century  by  the  Emperor 
Ferdinand  I.  It  subsequently  underwent  repeated  modifi- 
cations, and  at  present  is  mostly  within  the  limits  of  Croatia 
and  Slavonia,  having  an  area  of  7239  square  miles  and  a 
pop.  of  699,228.  The  properties  are  hereditary  military 
fiefs,  which  the  inhabitants  hold  from  the  state  under  dif- 
ferent conditions  of  military  service,  but  its  government  is 
being  assimilated  to  the  ordinary  civil  administration. 

Militcllo,  mc-le-tfil'lo,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  and 
21  miles  S.W.  of  Catania.     Pop.  9792. 

Militcllo,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  and  49  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Messina.     Pop.  2080. 

Militics,  meeMeeHitch',  Nemetii,  ni'mit',  and  Ratz, 
rits,  two  nearly  contiguous  villages  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Bdcs, 
about  14  miles  from  Zonibor,  on  the  morass  Mosztanga. 
Pop.  of  Ncmeth-Militics,  3823 ;  of  Ratz-Militics,  2471. 

Militsch,  mee'litch,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  33 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Breslau,  on  the  Bartscli.     Pop.  3385. 

Milk  lliver,  an  affluent  of  the  Missouri,  rises  near  the 
N.  boundary  of  Montana,  and  drains  part  of  the  Canadian 
North-West  Territories,  from  which  it  passes  into  Choteau 
CO.,  Montana.  It  runs  eastward  and  southeastward  in  Daw- 
son CO.,  and  enters  the  Missouri  River  near  lat.  48°  N.  Ita 
length  is  estimated  at  500  miles. 

Milk  lliver,  a  seaport  town  of  Jamaica,  at  the  mouth 
of  Milk  River,  on  the  S.  coast,  45  miles  W.S.W.  of  Kingston. 

Mill,  a  township  of  Grant  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1523.  It 
contains  Jonesborough. 

Mill,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Iowa,  about  22  milea 
E.  of  Waverly. 

Mill,  a  township  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.  It  contains 
Urichsville,  Dcnnison,  and  Eastport. 

Mill'adore,  a  post-office  of  Wood  co.,  Wig. 

Millan-de-la<Cogolla,  meel-yin'-di-li-ko-gol'yi, 
a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  24  miles  S.W.  of  Logrono, 
on  the  Cardenas.     Pop.  628. 

Mill'ard,  a  western  county  of  Utah,  borders  on  Nevada. 
It  is  partly  traversed  by  Sevier  River,  which  enters  Sevier 
Lake  in  this  county.  This  lake  has  no  outlet.  The  surface 
is  partly  mountainous,  and  presents  extensive  arid  plains, 
in  which  timber  and  water  are  very  scarce.  It  comprises  a 
part  of  the  Groat  Basin.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  butter,  and 
wool  are  the  staple  products.  Area,  6712  square  miles. 
Capital,  Fillmore.  Pop.  in  1870,  2763  j  in  1880,  3727;  in 
1890,  4033. 

Millard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barton  co.,  Kansas,  20  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Great  Bend. 

Millard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adair  co..  Mo.,  27  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Macon.     It  has  a  church. 

Millard,  a  post-office  of  Douglas  co.,  Neb.,  and  a  sta- 
tion on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  21  miles  by  rail  W.  of 
Omaha.     Elevation,  1047  feet. 

Millard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Walworth  co.,  Wis.,  in  Sugar 
Creek  township,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Elkhorn.  It  has  2  churches. 

Mil'lar's  Corners,  a  small  village  in  Grenvillo  co., 
Ontario,  2  miles  from  Oxford.     Pop.  150. 

Millas,  mce'li',  a  town  of  France,  in  Pyrenees-Oricn- 
tales,  on  the  Tet,  10  miles  W.  of  Perpignan.     Pop.  2107. 

Millau,  mceMo',  or  Milhau  {ano.  ^'milianum),  a  town 
of  France,  in  Aveyron,  capital  of  an  arrondisscraent,  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  Tarn,  40  miles  S.E.  of  Rodez.  Pop. 
14,482.  It  has  a  communal  college,  courts  of  first  resort 
and  commerce,  a  chamber  of  commerce,  a  coal-mine,  and 
several  manufactories  of  woollen  cloth,  silk  twist,  chamois 
leather,  and  leather  gloves.  It  was  one  of  the  strongholds 
of  the  Calvinists  during  the  religious  wars. 

Millbach,  Lebanon  co..  Pa.    See  Mill  Creek  Centre. 

Mill  Bank,  a  post-office  of  Rockingham  co.,  Va. 

Mill'bank,  a  post-village  in  Perth  co.,  Ontario,  16 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Stratford.  It  contains  4  stores,  2  hotels, 
a  foundry,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  a  flax-mill,  and  a  card- 
ing-mill.     Pop.  300. 

Mill  Bend,  Tennessee.    See  Burem's  Store. 

Millborough,  Pennsylvania.    See  Millsborough. 

Mill'borough  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Bath  co., 
Va.,  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  39  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Staunton.     It  has  a  church. 

Millborough  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Bath  co., 
Va.,  on  the  Cowpasture  River,  about  35  miles  W.S.W  of 
Staunton. 


MIL 


1832 


MIL 


MillbraCf  mil'bra,  apoBt-offlcAof  Sad  Matoo  oo.,  Cal.,  on 
tho  Soutliurn  I'ltcillo  Uiiilruad,  17  uitloa  >S.  of  San  Franoisoo. 
Mill'bri(lge«  a  |)ost-vill«)(o  in  Millbridgo  township, 
\Va.ilnn):tou  co.,  Me.,  on  an  inlet  of  tho  soa,  at  tho  mouth 
of  tho  Nurraguagus  Ilivor,  about  60  uiiloa  U.S.H.  of  Ban- 
gor. It  hiM  2  oburohos  and  a  high  school,  and  is  partly 
•upi>orto<l  by  ship-building  and  tho  luiubor-bunineeii.  Pop. 
about  51)0;  of  township,  1668. 

Mill  Urid^c,  a  post-hainlot  of  Rowan  oo.,  N.C.,  6 
inilM  \V.  of  China  Grove.    It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Mill  Uridge«  or  Jordan*  a  post-village  in  Hastings 
•0.,  Ontario,  4'.i  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Bolloville.  It  contains 
•evcntl  Htoros  and  a  hotel.     Pop.  100. 

Mill'liri;;,  a  pust-ollico  of  Jo  Daviess  co.,  III. 

Mill  llruuk,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Francis  oo.,  Ark., 
about  ^{6  miles  \V.  of  Memphis,  Tenn. 

Mill'brook,  a  post-hamlct  of  Litchfield  eo.,  Conn., 
about  30  miles  W.N.VV.  of  Hartford.  It  is  1  mile  from 
Colebrook  Station. 

Mi  1 1  brook,  a  post-oflioe  of  Kendall  co.,  III.,  in  Fox 
towni<hip,  and  a  station  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  <ik  Quinoy 
Bailroad,  19  miles  S.W.  of  Aurora. 

Mil  I  brook,  a  township  of  Peoria  oo.,  111.  Pop.  1075. 
It  contains  Elmore. 

Mil  I  brook,  a  post-village  of  Mecosta  co.,  Mioh.,  in 
Millbrook  township,  18  miles  N.  of  Stanton,  and  about  40 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Grand  lla])id8.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  a  saw-mill,  &o.    Pop.  about  250  ;  of  tho  township,  412. 

Millbrook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  in  Pa- 
haquarry  township,  7i  miles  N.  of  Bhiirstown.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Millbrook  (formerly  Hartsville),  a  post-villnge  of 
Dutchess  CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Washington  township,  on  the  Dut- 
chess &  Columbia  Railroad,  31  miles  N.N.E.  of  Newburg, 
and  about  14  miles  N.E.  of  Poughkeopsio.  It  has  5  churches, 
2  grist-mills,  a  plostcr-mill,  a  manufactory  of  condensed 
milk,  of  coffee-mills,  and  a  foundry.     Pop.  about  600. 

Mill  II rook,  a  hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.Y.,  in  lloricon 
township,  10  miles  from  Riverside.     It  has  a  tannery. 

Mill  Urook,  a  station  in  Wake  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  Ra- 
leigh it  Gaston  Railroad,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Raleigh. 

Millbrook,  a  small  post-hamlct  of  Wayne  co.,  0.,  6 
or  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Wooster. 

Millbrook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  about  15 
miles  S.W.  of  Franklin.     It  hivs  2  churches  near  it. 

Millbrook,  a  township  of  Barnwell  co.,  S.C.     P.  1280. 

Mill  Urook,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Tenn. 

Mill  Urook,  a  village  in  Durham  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
Midland  Railway,  18  miles  from  Port  Hope.  It  has  about 
a  dozen  stores,  2  hotels,  a  weekly  novvspaper,  a  foundry, 
a  woollen-factory,  saw-  and  grist-mills,  <fcc.     Pop.  1200. 

Mill  Urook  Depot,  a  post-hamlct  of  Augusta  co., 
Va.,  on  tho  railroad  between  Staunton  and  Harrisonburg,  3 
miles  from  Staunton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Mill'burg,  a  post-village  in  Benton  township,  Berrien 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Michigan  Lake  Shore  Rail- 
road, 6  miles  N.E.  of  Benton  Harbor.  It  has  a  church,  a 
graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  30  dwellings. 

Mill'biirii,  a  post-hamlct  of  Lako  co.,  III.,  about  12 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Waukcgan.     It  has  2  churches. 

Millburn,  Ballard  co.,  Ky.     See  Milbukn. 

Millburn,  a  post-ofiico  and  station  in  Millburn  town- 
ship, Essex  CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Morris  A  Essex  Railroad,  9 
miles  W.  of  Newark.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  W. 
by  the  Passaic  River,  and  has  4  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  fur  hats,  paper,  and  binders'  board.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1675. 

Mil  I  bury,  mirb^r-re,  a  post-village  in  Millbury  town- 
ship, Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Blackstone  River,  on 
the  Providence  A,  Worcester  Railroad,  and  on  a  branch  of 
the  Boston  <fc  Albany  Railroad,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Worcester, 
and  37  miles  N.N.W.  of  Providence.  It  has  a  high  school, 
a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  several  cotton-  and  wool- 
len-factories, and  5  churches.  The  township  contains  6 
cotton-mills,  6  woollen-mills,  a  foundry,  a  maohine-shop, 
and  a  pop.  (18y0)  of  4428. 

Millbury,  a  post-village  in  Lake  township.  Wood  co., 
C,  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  at 
the  junction  of  2  branches,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Toledo.  It  has 
4  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  3  lumber- 
mills,  a  bowl-factory,  and  a  stave-factory.     P.  (1890)  546. 

Millbury  Junction,  a  station  in  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 
on  the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Millbury  Branch,  5  miles  E.  of  Worcester. 

Mill  City,  a  post-village  of  Clear  Creek  oo.,  Col.,  on 
the  Colorado  Central  Railroad,  44  miles  W.  of  Denver.  It 
has  a  church,  and  quartz-mills  for  gold  and  silver. 


Mill  City,  a  post-hamlot  of  Humboldt  co.,  Nerada  < 
the  Central  Pacific  Railroatl,  28  miles  S.W.  of  Winneutu'ca 
It  has  a  foundry  and  a  machine-shop. 

Mill  City,  a  post-village  in  Fulls  township,  Wyomii 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Scranton.  it  hoa  a  eburc 
a  lumber-mill,  &o.     Pop.  about  200. 

Mill  CrcckjIndiana,  rises  in  Hendricks  co.,  runs  soutl 
westward  into  Owen  oo.,  and  enters  the  Eel  lliver  in  I'u 
nam  co.  It  is  about  66  miles  long,  and  forms  a  coaoodc  • 
feet  high  in  the  lower  part  of  its  course. 

Mill  Creek,  Kansas,  runs  northeastward  in  Wabaunn 
CO.,  and  enters  the  Kansas  River  20  miles  W.  of  Topeka. 

Mill  Creek,  Michigan,  rises  in  Lapeer  co.,  nan*  nc-ti- 
eastward,  ond  enters  Black  River  in  St.  Clair  oo.,  about  i 
miles  N.W.  of  Port  Huron. 

Mill  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  in  Butler  co.,  runs  S.  throuj 
Hamilton  cc,  and  enters  the  Ohio  at  Cinoinnuii. 

Mill  Creek,  Ohio,  an  affluent  of  the  Scioto,  rises  i 
Logan  CO.,  runs  eastward  through  Union  co.,  and  ODlors  ti 
Scioto  River  in  Delaware  co. 

Mill  Creek,  Marion  co.,  Oregon,  runs  northwestwar 
and  enters  the  Willamette  River  at  Sal«m. 

Mill  Creek,  Texas,  runs  southeastward,  and  cnton  tl 
Brazos  River  in  Austin  co. 

Mill  Creek,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Wood  oo.,  runs  soutl 
eastward  in  Portage  co.,  and  enters  tho  Wisconsin  Rivi 
about  6  miles  S.W.  of  Stevens  Point. 

Mill  Creek,  a  township  of  Tehama  co.,  Cal.    Pop.  ft 

Mill  Creek,  a  hundred  of  Delaware,  in  New  Castle  cf 
on  the  Pennsylvania  line.  Pop.  3.'!02.  It  contains  Staui 
ton,  Faulkland,  Hockessin,  Mermaid,  Ac,  and  has  manul'ui 
tures  of  paper,  lime,  brick,  iron,  Ac. 

Mill  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  111.,  on  tl 
Cairo  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  23  miles  N.  of  Cairo.  It  bsu 
churches. 

Mill  Creek,  township.  Fountain  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  149 

Mill  Creek,  a  post-oflice  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.,  nt  Kia 
Lake  Station  on  the  Chicago  A  Lake  Huron  Railroad,  1 
miles  W.S.W.  of  South  Bend.     Here  is  a  small  lake. 

Mill  Creek,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.    P.  492 

Mill  Creek, post-township,  Bourbon  co.,  Kansas.  P.65' 

Mill  Creek,  township,  Wabauni^ce  co.,  Kansas.  P. -I.^l 

Mill  Creek,township,  Washington  CO.,  Kansas.  P.  70J 

Mill  Creek,  a  station  of  Carroll  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  LouL 
villo  A  Cincinnati  Railroad,  45  miles  N.E.  of  Louisville. 

Mill  Cre*k,  a  post-office  of  Sabine  j)arisii.  La. 

Mill  Creek,  a  hamlet  of  Calvert  co.,  Md.,  is  ot  th 
mouth  of  Patuxcnt  River,  about  90  miles  S.  of  Baltimori 
and  J  of  a  mile  from  Drum  Point  Harbor.  It  has  a  slii|, 
yard,  and  is  partly  supported  by  the  exportation  of  oysien 

Mill  Creek,  a  post-oflice  and  station  of  Kent  co.,  Mich 
on  the  Grand  liapids  &  Indiana  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  o 
Grand  Rapids. 

Mill  Creek,  a  township  of  Morgan  co..  Mo.    P.  flU. 

Mill  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Person  co.,  N.C. 

Mill  Creek,  a  township  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.    P.  580, 

Mill  Creek,  a  station  of  tho  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  • 
Dayton  Railroad,  1  mile  N.  of  Cincinnati,  0. 

Mill  Creek,  a  township  of  Hamilton  CO.,  0.  Pop.  3291 
It  contains  Cumininsville,  Clifton,  Ludlow  Grove,  Ac. 

Mill  Creek,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  0.    Pop.  783, 

Mill  Creek,  a  township  of  Williams  co.,  0.,  on  thi 
Michig.an  line.     Pop.  1181. 

Mill  Creek,  a  township  of  Clarion  co..  Pa.    Pop.  517 

Mill  Creek,  a  township  of  Erie  co.,  Pa.,  on  Lako  Erie 
Pop.  2744,  exclusive  of  Erie. 

Mill  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Br.ady  township,  Ilun 
tingdon  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  and  on  th( 
Juniata  River,  5  miles  below  Huntingdon.  It  has  i 
churches. 

Mill  Creek,  a  township  of  Lebanon  co..  Pa.  Pop 
1926.     It  contains  Newman.^town. 

Mill  Creek,  a  station  in  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Le- 
high A  Susquehanna  Railroad,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Wilkesbarre, 

Mill  Creek,  a  township  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1086, 
It  contains  New  Lebanon. 

Mill  Creek,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  on  th« 
Reading  Railroad,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Mill  Creek,  a  station  in  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Tioffs 
Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of  Tioga. 

Mill  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  Tenn. 

Mill  Creek,  a  post-office  and  settlement  of  Salt  Lake 
CO.,  Utah,  on  the  Utah  Southern  Railroad,  C  miles  S.  of  Salt 
Lake  City.     It  has  a  church  and  3  flouring-mills. 

Mill  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Berkeley  co.,  W.  Va., 
about  10  miles  S.S.AV:  of  Martinsburg.  It  has  2  churches 
and  2  flour-mills. 


MIL 


1S33 


MIL 


S. 


ill  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Richland  co.,  Wis. 
ill  Creek,  a  station  in  Wood  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  Wis- 
join  Central  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Junction  City,  and 
ISliles  W.N.W.  of  Stevens  Point. 

till  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  in  Kentco.,  New  Brunswick, 
4  Jos  from  Buctoucho.     Pop.  100. 
(ill  Creek,  Ontario.     See  Odkssa. 
II  Creek  Centre,  a  hamlet  in  Mill  Creek  town- 
fh  Lebanon  co.,  Pa.,  2  miles  from  Sheridan  Station.     It 
liji:  church.     Here  is  Millbach  Post-Office. 

;ll  Creek  Junction,  a  station  in  Schuylkill  co., 
Pii  m  the  Jlount  Carbon  &  Port  Carbon  Railroad,  at  the 
ju  .ion  of  the  Mill  Creek  Railroad,  3  miles  by  rail  E.  of 
Pc  villc.     It  is  in  the  borough  of  Palo  Alto. 

JI'dale,  a  post-hamlet  in  Southington  township, 
nJford  CO.,  Conn.,  on  the  New  Haven  &  Northampton 
Kijoad,  18  or  ID  miles  N.  of  New  Haven.  It  is  in  a 
var^  between  two  high  ridges.  It  has  manufactures  of 
bu  ns,  barrels,  Ac. 

JIdale,  a  post-office  of  Neshoba  co.,  Miss.,  40  miles 
.  of  Meridian. 

Itlldaie,  a  post-vill.age  of  AVarren  co.,  Va.,  near  the 
Bfaimdoah  River,  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Front  Royal.  It  has 
iK^rch,  2  flouring-mills,  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  140. 

il'ledgeville,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Baldwin  co.,  Ga., 
is  '  the  Oconee  River,  and  on  the  Central  Railroad  of 
Gc';ia,  at  its  junction  with  the  Macon  &  Augusta  Rail- 
roij  39  miles  E.N. E.  of  Macon.  It  was  formerly  (until 
Bbl.  1867)  the  ca])ital  of  the  state.  It  contains  a  court- 
hoii,  5  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  an  academy,  and  a 
miiifactory  of  cotton  and  woollen  goods.  P.  (1890)  3;522. 
|i.lledgcville,a  post-village  in  Wysox  township,  Car- 
rol:a.,  111.,  15  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Sterling.  It  has  a  church, 
ft  j'dcd  school,  and  a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  238. 

Illedgeville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Boono  co.,  Ind.,  5i 
S,  of  Lebanon.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 
illedgeville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa, 
39  S.  of  East  Melrose.    It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 
Iledgevillc,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co.,  Ky.,  42 
S.  by  W.  of  Lexington.     It  has  2  churches. 
illedgeville,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.C., 
e  Yadkin  River,  about  24  miles  S.E.  of  Salisbury.     It 
cotton -factory,  and  1  or  2  flour-mills. 
illedgeville,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  0. 
Illedgeville,  a  post-villivgo  in  French  Creek  town- 
Mercer  CO.,  Pa.,  16  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Meadville.     It 
or  3  churche-s,  an  academy,  and  a  steam  lumber-mill. 
Iledgcville,  a  post- village  of  McNairy  co.,  Tenn., 
lea  E.S.E.  of  Henderson  Station.     It  has  a  church,  a 
mill,  and  2  stores. 

Iledgevillc,  a  post-village  in   St.  John  co.,  New 
iwick,  4  miles   from   St.  John.     It  contains  several 
safaills  and  ship-yards.     Pop.  300. 

lie  Isles,  meel  eel,  a  post-village  in  Argentouil  co., 
!c,  16  miles  from  Lachute.     Pop.  100. 
lie  Lacs,  meel  lak,  a  lake  of  Minnesota,  forms  the 
undary  of  Mille  Lacs  co.,  and  touches  the  E.  part  of 
AVing  CO.     The  N.  part  of  it  is  in  Aitken  co.     It  has 
ndish  form,  and  is  about  16  miles  in  diameter.     Its 
lutis  water  is  discharged  by  Rum  River  or  Snake  River. 
lie  Lacs,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Minne- 
tottbas  an  area  of  about  580  square  miles.     It  is  bounded 
i  N.  by  Lake  Mille  Lacs,  and  is  drained  by  Rum  River, 
surface  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  pine, 
maple,  and  other  trees.     The  soil  is  partly  fertile. 
.t,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  lumber  are  the  staple  prod- 
This  county  is  intersected  in  two  directions  by  the 
Northern  Railroad.      Capital,  Princeton.      Pop.  in 
1109;  in  1880.  1501  ;  in  1890,  2845. 
I'len,  or  Mil'lin ,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burke  co.,  Ga.,  on 
^1  jeechee  River,  and  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia, 
""  les  N.W.  of  Savannah.     It  hiis  3  stores. 

I'lenbeck,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co.,  Va. 
lien's  Bay,  a  hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
iwrence  River,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Cape  Vincent.     It  has 
rob, 

I'ler,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Arkansas,  borders 

ixas  and  Louisiana.     Area,  648  square  miles.     It  is 

led  on  the  N.  and  E.  by  Red  River,  and  is  intersected 

e  Sulphur  Fork  of  that  river.     The  surface  is  diver- 

The  soil  is  fertile.     Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the 

1  products.  It  is  intersected  by  several  railroads,  which 

_.  at  Texarkana,  the  capital.     Pop.  in  1880,  9919;  in 

1«|  14,714.  '  f  f  '  ' 

■  ller,  a  southwestern  county  of  Georgia,  hns  an  area 

out  240  square  miles.     It  is  intersected  by  Spring 

•    The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  mostly  covered 

116 


h 


79 


with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Colquitt.  Pop. 
in  1870,  3091;  in  1880,  3720;  in  1890,  4275. 

Miller,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Missouri,  hag 
an  area  of  about  690  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Osage  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Tavern  Creek.  The 
surface  is  hilly  or  uneven,  and  nearly  half  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests  of  the  oak,  hickory,  black  walnut,  Ac.  The 
soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  grass,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  partly  traversed  in  the 
western  and  northern  parts  by  a  branch  of  the  Missouri 
Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Tuscumbia,  on  the  Osage  River. 
Pop.  in  1870,  6616 ;  in  1880,  9805 ;  in  1890, 14,162. 

Miller,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mendocino  co.,  Cal.,  on  tho 
Pacific  Ocean.     It  has  manufactures  of  redwood  lumber. 

Miller,  a  post-office  of  Ford  co..  III. 

Miller,  a  township  of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
line.     Pop.  1120. 

Miller,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co.,  Iowa, 

Miller,  a  station  in  Pine  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  Lake  Supft- 
rior  ifc  Mississip])i  Railroad,  69  miles  S.S.W.  of  Dulutlu 
Here  is  Belknap  Post-Office. 

Miller,  a  township  of  Dallas  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  648. 

Miller,  a  township  of  Gentry  co..  Mo.  Pop.  2596,  Ik 
contains  Gentryville. 

Miller,  a  township  of  Maries  co..  Mo.     Pop.  759. 

Miller,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1273. 

Miller,  a  township  of  Scotland  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1245. 

Miller,  a  township  of  Alexander  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  741. 

Miller,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  0.     Pop.  902. 

Miller,  a  township  of  Perry  co..  Pa.     Pop.  438. 

Miller,  a  station  in  Dallas  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Houston  a 
Texas  Central  Railroad,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Dallas. 

Millerborough,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Neb. 

Miller  Farm,  a  hamlet  of  Venango  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Oil  Creek  &  Alleghany  River  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Titus- 
ville.  It  has  a  church  apd  an  oil-refinery.  The  name  of  ita 
post-office  is  Meredith. 

Miller  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Hopkins  co.,  Tex. 

Milleroches,  meeri§h-rosh',  or  Moulinette,  moo^- 
le^net',  a  post-village  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Stormont,  situated 
on  the  Cornwall  Canal,  with  a  station  (called  Moulinette) 
on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railw.ay,  72i  miles  from  Montreal. 
It  contains  4  stores  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  200. 

Miller's,  a  station  in  Santa  Clara  co.,  Cal.,  on  th« 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Gilroy. 

Miller's,  a  station  in  Gibson  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Evans- 
ville  <fc  Crawfordsville  Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of  Patoka. 

Miller's,  Lake  co.,  Ind.    See  Millek'.s  Statio.v. 

Miller's,  a  station  in  Spen -ei  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Cin- 
cinnati, Rockport  <Sc  Southwestern  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of 
Rock  port. 

Miller's,  a  township  of  Cabarrus  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  422. 

Miller's,  a  station  in  Guernsey  co.,  0.,  on  the  Marietta, 
Pittsburg  &  Cleveland  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Cambridge. 

Miller's,  or  Mil'lersport,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence 
CO.,  0.,  in  Rome  township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  20  miles 
(direct)  E.  of  Ironton.  It  has  a  church,  a  wagon -factory, 
Ac     Here  is  Miller's  Post-Office. 

3Iillers,  a  post-office  of  Linn  co.,  Oregon,  on  the  Oregon 
A  California  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Albany. 

Miller's,  Bradford  co..  Pa.    See  Laddsburg. 

Miller's,  a  station  in  Cameron  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Loh 
Grade  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  Driftwood. 

Miller's,  a  station  in  Washington  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
East  Tennessee,  Virginia  A  Georgia  Railroad,  2  miles  E.  of 
Jonesborough. 

Miller's,  a  station  of  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad, 
in  Morgan  co.,  W.  Va.,  15i  miles  N.W.  of  Martinsburg. 

Miller's  Bayou,  bl'oo,  a  station  in  Orleans  parish, 
La.,  on  the  New  Orleans  A  Mobile  Railroad,  27  miles  E.  of 
New  Orleans. 

Mil'lersburg,  a  hamlet  of  Bond  co.,  111.,  about  33 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Alton.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Baden  Baden. 

Millersburg,  a  post-village  in  Millersburg  townshi]», 
Mercer  co.,  111.,  on  the  Edwards  River,  5  miles  N.W.  of 
Aledo.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  277 ;  of  the  township, 
1134.     Millersburg  Station  is  at  Joy  (which  see). 

Millersburg,  a  post- village  in  Clinton  township,  Elk- 
hart CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan  Central  Rail- 
road (air-line),  8  miles  S.E.  of  Goshen.  It  has  3  churches 
and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  600. 

Millersburg,  a  hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  Ind.,  about  37 
miles  N.AV.  of  New  Albany.  It  has  iH  saw-mill  and  a 
church. 

Millersburg,  a  post-village  of  Warrick  oo.,  Ind.,  about 


MIL 


1834 


MIL 


a  milM  N.B.  of  Evanivlllo.    It  has  2  charohoA,  2  flouring- 
nilla,  and  a  ooal-mine.     Here  is  Canal  Post-Office. 

Millersburg,  a  post-viUnge  in  English  township,  Iowa 
«o^  Iowa,  noitr  Knglish  Iliver,  20  miles  S.  of  Murongo.  It 
has  a  grist-mill  iiiid  1  or  2  drug-stores.     Port,  about  :iUO. 

M illersburg,  a  hamlet  of  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas,  7  luilos 
M.W.  of  Columbus.     Coal  abounds  hero. 

Millersburg,  a  post-village  of  Bourbon  oo.,  Ky.,  on 
Ilinkoton  Creek,  and  on  the  Mnysvilie  A  Lexington  Kail- 
road,  2S  miles  N.E.  of  Lexington,  and  9  miles  N.N.K.  of 
Paris.  It  contains  4  ohurohes,  a  bank,  the  Wesleyan  Unl- 
Torsity,  and  Millorsburg  Female  College.     Pop.  ( I8UU)  860. 

Millersburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rico  oo.,  Minn.,  G  milos 
\V,  of  Dundiis,  and  about  40  miles  S.  of  Minnuapulis.  It 
has  a  saw-mill. 

Millcrsburg,  a  post-hamlct  of  Callaway  oo.,  Mo., 
about  24  milos  N.  of  Jefferson  City.     Pop.  60. 

Millersburg,  a  post-village,  capital  uf  Holmes  co.,  0., 
is  in  Hardy  township,  on  Killbuck  Creek,  and  on  the  Clove- 
land,  Mount  Vernon  <fe  Columbus  Railroad,  84  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Columbus,  85  miles  S.  of  Cleveland,  and  about  20  miles 
S.  of  AVooster.  It  contains  a  graded  school,  a  national 
bank,  2  other  banks,  2  new8pa]>er  offices,  6  churches,  2 
planing-mills,  2  carriage-shops,  and  a  manufactory  of  fur- 
niture.    Pop.  in  1890,  1923. 

Millertibiirg,  a  post-borough  of  Dauphin  co..  Pa.,  or. 
the  E.  bank  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  nt  the  mouth  of 
AViconisco  Creek,  and  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad, 
at  the  terminus  of  the  Summit  Branch  Railroad  (on  which 
large  quantities  of  coal  are  transported),  27  miles  N.  of 
Harrisburg.  It  has  4  or  5  churches,  2  bankc,  a  newspaper 
ofiSce.  and  several  lumber-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  1527. 

Millersbiirg,  a  small  village  in  Elgin  co.,  Ontario, 
adjoining  the  town  of  St.  Thomas.     Pop.  110. 
'   Miller's  Cnmp  Branch)  a  post-otlico  of  Raleigh  co., 
W.  Va.,  6  miles  N.  of  Raleigh  Court-llousc. 

Miller's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ontario  co„  N.Y., 
on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  13  miles  W.  of  Canan- 
dnigu.a.     It  has  a  church. 

Miller's  Cove,  a  post-office  of  Blount  co.,  Tenn. 

Miller's  Creek,  apost-ofiice  of  Black  Hawk  oo.,  Iowa. 

Miller's  Creek,  a  post-ofl5co  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C. 

Miller's  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Hants  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  river  St.  Croix,  2i  milos  from  Newport  Sta- 
tion.    Pop.  200. 

Miller's  Ed'dy,  a  station  in  Clarion  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Parker  Junction. 

Miller's  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Montague  and  Er- 
ving  townships,  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  on  Miller's  River, 
near  its  mouth,  and  on  the  New  London  Northern  Rail- 
road whore  it  is  crossed  by  the  Vermont  &  Massachusetts 
Railroad,  21  miles  S.  of  Brattleborough,  and  about  36  miles 
N.  of  Springfield.  It  has  manufactures  of  bit-braces,  vises, 
)tc.     It  was  formerly  called  Grout's  Corners. 

Miller's  Landing,  Missouri.     See  New  Haven. 

Miller's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  <fc  Western  Railroad,  25 
miles  S.E.  of  Utico.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a 
cbeese-fiictory. 

Miller's  Place,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  eo.,  N.Y.,  on 
Long  Island  Sound,  about  20  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Rivorhcad. 
It  has  35  houses  and  an  academy. 

Mil'lersport,  a  post-office  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y. 

Millersport,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Ohio  Canal,  about  27  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Columbus.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  149. 

Millersport,  Lawrence  co.,  0.  See  Miller's. 
.  Miller's  River,  Massachusetts,  rises  in  the  N.  part  of 
Worcester  co.,  runs  nearly  westward,  and  enters  the  Con- 
necticut River  in  Franklin  co.,  about  6  miles  E.  of  Green- 
field. It  is  nearly  60  miles  long,  and  affords  extensive 
water-power. 

Miller's  River,  a  mill-stream  in  Caledonia  co.,  in  the 
E.N.E.  part  of  Vermont.     It  falls  into  the  Passumpsic  River. 

Miller's  Stand,  a  post-oflSce  of  Winston  co.,  Ala. 

Miller's  Station,  a  post-oflBce  of  Chatham  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Atlantic  &  Gulf  Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Savannah. 

Miller's  Station,  a  hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Indianapolis,  Peru  <k  Chicago  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of 
Rochester. 

Miller's  Station,  a  village  of  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  on -Lake 
Michigan,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern 
Railroad  and  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  30  mile? 
S.S.E.  of  Chicago.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
baskets  and  fish-kegs.     Here  are  valuable  fisheries. 

Miller's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Wilkin  co.,  Minn. 
;  Miller's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  in  German  township. 


Harrison  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Pan-Handle  Rivilrood,  23  milai 
of  Steubenville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  carriair«.f«cloV, ' 

Miller's  Station,  a  post- village  in  Rockdale  to* 
shii),  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Atliintio  4  Groat  W«..,' 
Raili-oad,  17  miles  N.N.E.  of  Mcadvillo.  It  hiu  a  ch u  I 
and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  350. 

Miller's  Tan'nery,  a  post-office  of  Somerset  eo    I 

Miller's  Tav'ern,  a  post-office  of  Essex  oo    Va' 

Mil'Icrstown,  a  hamlet  of  Grayson  co.,  Ky"'on  Nc, 
Creek,  about  64  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Louisville,  '  It  ha 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  2  stores.     Pop.  80. 

Millerstown,  a  post-hamlct  of  Clmmpalgn  co  Ol 
miles  N.E.  of  St.  Paris  Station,  and  about  20  miles'E  ' 
Piqiia.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  saw-mill. 

Millerstown,  a  hamlet  in  Monroe  township.  Per 
CO.,  0.,  12  milos  S.E.  of  New  Lexington.     It  hoi  a  chuj 
I'op.  about  100.     Here  are  valuable  coal-beds. 

Millerstown,  a  hamlet  in  Fawn  township,  Alleghi  r 
CO.,  Pa.,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Tarentum.  It  has  a  churclk 
saw-mill,  and  12  dwellings.     Hero  is  Fawn  Post-Office. 

Millerstown,  a  borough  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  in  Done  I 
township,  on  the  Karns  City  A  Butler  Railroad,  18  m  i 
N.E.  of  Butler.  It  has  4  or  5  churches,  a  national  banl[ 
other  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  brewery,  several  oil-wi 
an  oil-refinery,  and  2  wheel-factories,  and  is  lighted  m'l 
natural  gas.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Barnhart's  Mi 
Pop.  in  1890,  1162. 

Millerstown,  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.    See  Maccsoib. 

Millerstown,  a  post-borough  in  Greenwood  towmd, 
Porry  co..  Pa.,  on  the  left  or  N.  bank  of  the  Juniata  Itii, 
and  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  33  miles  N.N.W.' 
Harrisburg.  It  has  a  bank,  2  churches,  a  printing-offic  i 
tannery,  and  a  mine  of  iron  ore.     Pop.  in  iStfO,  22U. 

Millcrsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Christian  co..  111., i 
the  Ohio  A  Mississippi  Railroad  (Springfield  division), r 
miles  S.E.  of  Springfield.     It  has  a  church. 

Millersville,  a  post-hamlct  of  Marion  co.,  Ind., j 
Washington  township,  1  mile  from  Malott  Park  Station 

Millersville,  a  jwst-office  of  Russell  oo.,  Ky.,  aboul) 
miles  S.  of  Frankfort. 

Millcrsville,  a  post-village  of  Anne  Arnndel  co.,  I , 
on  tho  Annapolis  A  Elk  Ridge  Railroad,  11  miles  N.Wf 
Annapolis.     Pop.  about  200. 

Millersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cape  Girardeau  , 
Mo.,  about  50  miles  N.W.  of  Cairo,  III.  It  has  a  chni 
and  a  flour-mill. 

Millersville,  a  mining-camp  of  Lewis  and  Clarke  , 
Montana,  28  miles  N.W.  of  Helena. 

Millersville,  a  hamlet  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  4  m  i 
from  MUl'ord. 

Millersville,  a  post-hamlct  in  Jackson  township,  S  - 
dusky  CO.,  0.,  on  the  Toledo  A  Tiffin  Railroad,  14i  m  i 
N.  by  W.  of  Tiffin.     It  has  a  church. 

Millersville,  a  post-village  in  Manor  township,  L- 
caster  co..  Pa.,  about  70  miles  AV.  of  Philndelphin,  nn  I 
miles  S.W.  of  Lancaster.  It  contains  the  Millersville  SiB 
Normal  School  (which  has  an  annual  attendance  of  abt 
800  students),  5  chui-ches,  and  a  cigar-factory.     Pop.  11. 

Mil'lerton,  a  village  of  Fresno  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  l\ 
Joaquin  River,  about  130  miles  S.E.  of  Stockton.  Gold 
found  near  this  place. 

Millerton,  a  station  in  Marin  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  NoJ 
Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  42  miles  N.N.W.  of  San  Francis. 

Millerton,  a  post-village  in  North  East  tonnsl, 
Dutchess  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  tho  New  York  A  Harlem  Railm , 
at  its  junction  with  the  Dutchess  A  Columbia  Railroad  1 1 
the  Poughkcepsie  A  Eastern  Railroad,  00  miles  N.N.E. ' 
Newburg,  28  miles  N.K.  of  Poughkcepsie,  and  94  miles  . 
by  E.  of  New  York.  It  is  also  a  terminus  of  the  Conn- 
ticut  Western  Railroiul.  It  has  4  churches,  mines  of  i  i 
ore,  a  flour-mill,  manufactures  of  pig-iron  and  carrinj, 
and  a  money-order  post-office.     Pop.  about  800. 

Millerton,  a  post-office  of  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Tiiji 
A  EIraira  State  Line  Railro.ad,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Elmin»,N. 

Millertown,  a  j)ost-officc  of  Rowan  co.,  N.C. 

Mil'lerville,  a  hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  Ala.,  13  milc«  N. 
of  •  <}oodwater  Railroad  Station.  Here  is  Hillftbee  Pt- 
Office,  and  in  the  vicinity  are  3  churches. 

Millerville,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Dougl 
CO.,  Minn.  "The  town.ship  contains  Lakes  Moses  and  Aor, 
and  is  traversed  by  the  Chippewa  River.     Pop.  451. 

Millerville,  New  York.    See  Louisville. 

MillPsimo,  mil-li'se-mo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Genojj» 
miles  S.W.  of  Cairo,  on  the  Bormida.     Pop.  1300.  ; 

Mil'lett,  a  post-office  of  Eaton  co.,  Mich. 

Mil'lettville,  a  post-hamlct  of  Barnwell  co.,  S.C,i 
the  Port  Royal  Railroad,  37  miles  S.E.  of  Augusta,  fia.! 


MIL 


1835 


MIL 


i[ille  Vachcs,  mcel  vish,  a  bay  on  the  N.  shore  of  the 
Jury  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  about  30  miles  below  the 
njith  of  the  Saguenay. 

[ille  Vnches,  a  post-village  in  Saguenay  co.,  Quebec, 

ailes  N.E.  of  Tadousae.     Pop.  350. 

Ull'field,  a  post-village  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  on  Sunday 

ik  about  38  miles  W.  of  Marietta.  It  has  a  church  and 
»'iur-mill.    Pop.  94. 

{[ill  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Highland  co,,  Va.,  about 
^iniles  W.  of  Staunton.     It  has  a  church. 

i(ill  Greeiij  a  post-hamlet  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  about 
Sinilcs  N.N.E.  of  Baltimore. 

[ill  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Blackford  co.,  Ind.,  on 
t'  railroad  between  Hartford  and  Union  City,  7  miles  S.E. 

0  lartford.    It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 
[ill'grove,  a  township  of  Steuben  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  975. 

1  )ntains  Orland. 

(ill  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  on 
tl  Michigan  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Allegan. 

1  as  a  saw-mill  and  a  stave-factory. 

lill  Grove,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Mercer  co., 
y  ,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  8 
u  '3  S.  of  Princeton.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

lill  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Alden 
t(  iship,  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  i  mile  from 
Vljide  Station,  and  18  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Buffalo.  It  has 
ajurch,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  saw-mills. 

'[ill  Grove,  a  hamlet  of  Cabarrus  co.,  N.C.,  7  miles  W. 
o|!oneord.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

[ill  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  0.,  on  Meigs 
dik,  about  24  miles  N.W.  of  Marietta.  It  has  a  church 
aja  flour-mill. 

[ill  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Columbia  oo.,  Pa. 

(ill  Grove,  a  post-vilKage  in  Wentworth  co.,  Ontario, 
s'lilesN.  of  Dundas.     It  contains  2  stores  and  a  shingle- 

.    Pop.  180. 

lillgny,  a  village  of  Scotland.     See  Milngavib. 

[ill  Hall,  a  post-borough  of  Clinton  oo..  Pa.,  on  Fish- 
ii  Creek,  and  on  the  Bald  Eagle  Valley  Railroad,  3i  miles 
S  .  of  Lock  Haven.     It  has  2  churches,  a  woollen-factory, 

2  ist-mills,  an  axe-factory,  and  2  manufactories  of  furni- 
t{.    Pop.  452. 

[ill'ham,  a  village  in   Lawrence  township,   Mercer 

N.J,,  on   Assanpink  Creek,  i  mile  from  Trenton,  of 

;h  it  is  a  suburb.     It  has  a  church,  3  potteries,  and  2 

ufactorics  of  rubber  goods.     Pop,  677, 

[ill  Ha'ven,  a  post-office  of  Scriven  co,,  Ga. 

[ill  Ha'ven,  a  post-village  in  Lenno.^  co.,  Ontario,  on 

t^Bay  of  Quintc,  13  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Kingston.    It  con- 
j3  several  stores  and  mills,  and  has  a  good  harbor. 
(illheim,  mil'hime,  a  post-village  of  Centre  co,,  Pa,, 
Pcnn  township,   on   Penn's   Creek,  about  18  miles  S, 
lOck  Haven.    It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
{ing-house,  and  a  foundrj'.     Pop,  about  700. 
[illheim,  a  post-office  of  Austin  co,,  Tex. 
[ill  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cabarrus  co,,  N.C.,  10  miles 

N^  of  Concord, 
[ill  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Greenbrier  co,,  W.  Va. 
(ill  Hol'IOAV,  a  post-village  in  Kingston  township, 
arne  co.,  Pa,,  about  4  miles  N,^,  of  Wilkcsbarre.     It 

hl2  churches  and  3  collieries.     Pop.  about  400, 
[ill'home,  a  post-office  of  Manitowoc  co,,  AVis, 

Jlill'house,  a  village    of  Scotland,  co,  of  Forfar,  3 

n  «  N,  of  Dundee,  in  the  manufactories  of  which  town  its 

ii  ibitants  are  mostly  engaged, 
fillhouscn,  mirhovv-z§n,  a  post-village  in   Marion 

U  iship,  Decatur  co,,  Ind,,  about  36  miles  N.  of  Madison. 

I  as  a  church,  a  tannery,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.   P,  (1890)  224. 
[illiacum,  the  Latin  name  of  Milly. 
[ill'ican,  a  post-village  of  Brazos  co.,  Tex,,  on  the 

I  ston  &  Texas  Central  Railroad,  20  miles  E,  of  Bryan, 

Siiiles  N,\V,  of  Houston,  and  2  or  3  miles  E.  of  the  Brazos 

*  3r.    It  has  6  churches,  a  carriage-factory,  and  10  dry- 
B  Is  stores. 

lilligan's,  a  station  in  Muhlenburg  co„  Ky,,  on  the 
I|i8vi!lo  &  Paducah  Railroad,  6  miles  N,E,  of  O^vcns- 
iTiugh  Junction, 

[il'liken's  Bend,  a  post-vill.age  of  Madison  parish, 
'i  on  the  Mississippi  River,  25  miles  above  Vicksburg. 
jtilliken's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Simpson  co.,  Ky., 
Biles  from  Franklin. 

ijillin,  Georgia.    See  Millen. 

lill'ington,  a  hamlet  of  Middlesex  co.,  Conn.,  in  East 
1  Idam  township,  5  miles  S,  of  Colchester.  It  has  a  church 
*■  a  manufactory  of  blinds. 

'''j'^ngton,  a  post-village  in  Fox  township,  Kendall 

•  111.,  on  Fox  River,  on  the  Chicago,  Millington  <fc  Western 


Railroad,  and  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Aurora  with 
Ottawa,  23  miles  S,W.  of  Aurora.  It  contains  a  church,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill.  It  has 
water-power  and  valuable  beds  of  white  flint  sand,  and 
manufactures  of  porcelain  or  stone  china,  crockery,  wind- 
mills, and  glass.  The  sand  found  here  is  a  good  materiail 
for  plate-glass.     Pop.  in  1890,  301. 

Miliiugton,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  Md.,  on  both 
sides  of  Chester  River  (hero  crossed  by  a  bridge),  and  on 
the  Queen  Anne  &  Kent  Railroa^l,  about  45  miles  E.  of 
Baltimore,  and  16  miles  E.  of  Chestertown.  It  has  on 
academy,  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  2  carriage-shops, 
Pop^  420. 

Millington,  a  post-village  in  New  Salom  townshipi, 
Franklin  co.,  Mass,,  1  mile  from  New  Salem  Station,  and 
about  40  miles  N,N,E,  of  Springfield, 

Millington,  a  post-village  in  Jlillington  township^ 
Tuscola  CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Detroit  A  Bay  City  Railroad,  30 
miles  S,S,E,  of  Bay  City,  and  7  miles  S,E.  of  Vassar.  It 
has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  pine  lumber  and  shin- 
gles.    Pop.  in  1890,  434;  of  the  township,  1616. 

Millington,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co.,  Neb. 

Millington,  a  post- village  in  Passaic  township,  Morris 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  New  Jersey  West  Line  Railroad,  23  miles 
W.  of  Newark.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Millington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albemarle  co.,  Va.,  15 
miles  W.  of  Charlottesville.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Mil'lis,  a  station  in  Uintah  co.,  Wyoming,  on  the  Union 
Pacilic  Railroad,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Evanston. 

Mill  L>ane,  a  station  in  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Chester 
Valley  Railroad,  8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Downingtown. 

Mill'mont,  a  station  in  Union  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Lewis^ 
burg  Centre  <t  Spruce  Creek  Railroad,  15  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Lewisburg. 

Mill  Plain,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairflcld  co,.  Conn,,  abont 
4  miles  W.  of  Danbury,  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufao- 
turcs  of  hats. 

Mill  Point,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y. 

Mill  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn.,  !• 
miles  W.  of  Bristol.     It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  Ac. 

Mill  Point,  a  post-office  of  Pocahontas  co.,  W.  Va. 

Mill  Point,  or  Ho'wen,  a  post-village  and  river-port 
in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  Nnpaneo  River,  7  miles 
from  Napanee.  It  contains  a  telegraph  office,  7  stores,  ft 
hotel,  an<i  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  500. 

Mill  Pond,  a  post-office  of  McDowell  co.,  W.  Va. 

Mill'port,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Bute,  on  the  S. 
side  of  the  isle  of  Great  Cumbr.ay,  It  has  a  good  harbor,  a 
library,  and  a  collegiate  Episcopal  church.     Pop.  1541. 

Mill'port,  a  post-office  of  Lamar  co.,  Ala.,  15  miles  E. 
by  N.  of  Columbus,  Miss. 

Millport,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Ind,,  on  Mus* 
catatuc  River,  12  miles  N.  of  Salem. 

Millport,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Mid- 
dle Fabius  River,  about  44  miles  N.N.E.  of  Macon.  It  has 
a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Millport,  a  post-village  in  Veteran  township,  Chemung 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Catharine  Creek,  and  on  the  Northern  Central 
Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  Elmira,  and  9  miles  S.  of  W.at- 
kins.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  2  flour-mills,  a 
chair-factory,  a  foundry,  and  a  churn-factory.     Pop.  741. 

Millport,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Cleveland  <t  Pittsburg  Railroad,  23  miles  S.S.E.  of  Alliance, 
It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Millport,  a  village  in  Jackson  township.  Stark  co,,  0,, 
on  Tuscarawas  River,  and  on  the  Cleveland,  Tuscarawas 
Valley  <k  Wheeling  Railroad  and  the  Massillon  Branch 
Railroad,  4  miles  N,  of  Mas.sillon.  It  has  coal-mines  and  a 
flour-mill.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Crystiil  Spring.  ■ 

Millport,  a  village  in  Lower  Towamensing  township, 
Carbon  co..  Pa.,  on  Aquashicola  Creek,  2  miles  from  Lehigh 
Gap  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  2  slate-quarries, 
a  grist-mill,  and  manufactories  of  hydraulic  cement  and 
paint.     Pop.  about  400.     Here  is  Aquashicola  Post-Office. 

Millport,  a  post-village  of  Potter  co.,  Pa.,  on  Oswuyo 
Creek,  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Clean,  N.Y. 

Mill  Hay,  a  post-office  of  Bullock  co.,  Ga. 

Mill  Kiv'er,  asmall  stream  of  Fairfield  co..  Conn,,  runs 
southward  and  enters  Long  Island  Sound. 

Mill  River,  a  small  stream  of  Hampshire  co.,  Mas^., 
runs  southeastward,  and  enters  the  Connecticut  River  about 
2  miles  S.E.  of  Northampton. 

Mill  River,  a  post-village  of  Berkshire  co,,  Mass.,  in 
New  Marlborough  township,  about  40  miles  W.  of  Spring- 
field.    It  has  2  churches  and  1  or  2  ]>aper-millg. 

Mil  I  River,  a  mountainous  post-township  of  Ilendcrsdo 
CO.,  N.C.     It  contains  an  academy.     Pop.  1620. 


MIL 


1836 


AttL 


Mill  River  Junctionf  »  sUtion  in  niaokstnne  town- 
•hip,  Worooeter  oo.,  Mimh.,  1  inilo  N.  of  Woonsookot,  R.I. 
Jlero  the  Eastern  and  Woonsooket  divisions  of  the  New 
•York  &  Ncvr  England  Railroad  oroiis  each  other. 

Mill  Uoad,  a  station  in  Montgomery  oo.,  Pn.,  on  the 
Plymouth  Hriiuch  Railroad,  1  mile  N.  of  Conahohockon. 

Mill  Hock,  a  pust-offico  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.,  about 
II  mites  E.N.E.  of  New  Lisbon.     Here  is  n  flour-mill. 

MilPruy%  a  post-village  of  Lno  Qui  Parlo  co.,  Minn., 
en  or  near  tlio  Minnesota  River,  4U  tuiloa  N.W.  of  Monte- 
Tideo.     It  has  a  church. 

Mill  Kun,  a  small  post-village  of  Fayette  oo.,  Pa.,  2i 
niilo8  from  Stowarton  Station,  and  about  48  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Pittoburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mill  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Preston  co.,  Vf.  Va.,  18 
uiles  from  Confluence  Station,  Pa.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and 
a  saw-mill. 

Mill'ry,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Washington  co.,  Ala. 

Mills,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an  area 
of  about  448  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by 
the  Missouri  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  West  Niebna- 
batona  River  and  Keg  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating 
or  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  wood- 
lands. The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay, 
and  pork  are  the  stuple  products.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad  and 
the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  &  Council  Bluffs  Railroad. 
Capital,  Glenwood.  Pop.  in  1870,  8718;  in  1875,  10,655; 
in  1880,  14,i;i7;  in  1890,  14,548. 

Mills,  a  central  county  of  Texas,  has  an  area  of  640 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Colorado 
River,  and  traversed  by  the  Gulf,  Colorado  k  Santa  F6 
Railroad.     Capital,  Qoldthwaite.     Pop.  in  1890,  5493. 

Mills,  a  station  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad, 
Washington  Branch,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Washington,  B.C. 

Mills,  a  station  in  Washington  co..  Nob.,  on  the  Omaha 
A,  Northwestern  Railroad,  24  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Omnha. 

Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Jackson  co..  Wis.,  3  miles  from  Mill- 
iton  Station,  and  about  12  miles  S.E.  of  Black  Riror  Falls. 
It  has  2  churches  and  1  or  2  saw-mills. 

Mill'sap,  a  post-office  of  Parker  co.,  Tex. 

Millsborough,  milz'bur-rub,  a  post-village  of  Sussex 
CO.,  Del.,  on  the  Breakwater  it  Frankford  Railroad,  near 
an  inlet  of  the  sea,  9  miles  S.  of  Georgetown,  and  about  90 
miles  S.  of  Wilmington.     Pop.  194. 

Millsborough,  or  Millborough,  a  post-borough  of 
Wasliin;;ton  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Monongahcla  River,  35  miles 
6.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a  normal  school,  2 
foundries,  a  distillery,  and  a  boat-yard.     Pop.  324. 

Mills  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  co.,  Wis.,  9  or 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Green  Bay.  It  has  a  church  and  a  lum- 
ber-mill. 

Mills'  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jay  co.,  Ind.,  about 
40  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Fort  Wayne.     It  has  a  church. 

Mills'  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  in  Broadalbin  town- 
ship, Fulton  CO.,  N.Y.,  about  20  miles  W.  of  Saratoga 
Springs. 

Mill's  Creek,  township,  Harnett  oo..  N.C.    Pop.  1137. 

Millsfield,  a  township  of  Coos  co.,  N.ll.     Pop.  28. 

Mills  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Hawkins  co.,  Tenn. 

Mill  Shoul,  a  township  of  Maoon  oo.,  N.C.     Pop,  528. 

Mill  Shoals,  a  post-village  of  White  co.,  III.,  on  the 
Skillet  Fork  of  the  Little  Wabiish  River,  and  on  the  Spring- 
field division  of  the  Ohio  <t  Mississippi  Railroad,  10  miles 
S.  of  Fuirlield.  It  has  a  church  and  a  large  flouring-raill. 
Pop.  about  250. 

Mills'  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hume  township,  Alle- 
ghany CO.,  N.Y.,  20  miles  S.  of  Warsaw.  It  has  a  fiouring- 
uill  and  a  carding-mill. 

Mills'  Pond,  a  h-imlet  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  1  mile  N. 
of  St.  James. 

Mills'  Prairie,  pra'rce,  a  post-hamlet  of  Edwards  co., 
111.,  about  18  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Olney.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  grist-mill. 

Mill  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  31  miles  N.W.  of 
Poplar  Bluff. 

Mill  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Tenn.,  4 
miles  from  Mossy  Creek  Station.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a 
saw-mill. 

Mill  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Ey.,  on 
the  Cumberland  River,  about  80  miles  S.  of  Lexington. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill.  Here  the  Union  forces, 
under  General  Geo.  II.  Thomas,  defeated  the  Confederates, 
commanded  by  General  Geo.  B.  Crittenden,  on  the  19th  of 
January,  1862, 

Mills  River,  township,  Henderson  co.,  N.C.    P.  1520. 


Mills'  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  oo.,  N  C  «  mi 
N.E.  of  Columbus.     It  has  a  church  and  a  mincra'i  «i,ri, 

Millstadt,  mil'stnt,  or  Ccntrvville,  u  pou-vill, 
of  St.  Clair  co.,  III.,  about  8  milu^  W.iJ.W  ol  U«ll«vll 
and  14  miles  .S.S.E.  of  .St.  Louis,  Mo.  It  ban  4  churuhw 
flour-mill,  a  plough-factory,  <tc.  Conl  abound*  here,  p, 
in  18n(».  1  Isii.     The  name  of  iu  post-oirioe  is  MilUudt 

Mill  Station,  a  hamlet  on  the  Virginia  k  Truul 
Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Carson  City,  Nuv.     I'op.  129 

Mill'8ton,a  post-hamlet  in  .Millnou  lown^liip,  j,[<.|4, 
00.,^  Wis.,  on  the  West  Wisconsin  Railroad,  about  10  mi 
S.E.  of  Black  River  Falls.  It  has  manufactureii  of  lumb 
Pop.  of  township,  210. 

Mill'stonc,  a  post-office  of  Oglethorpe  oo.,  Oa. 

Millstone,  St.  Mary's  co.,  Md.    See  Jarboksvillk. 

Millstone,  township,  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.    Pop.  :'o 

Millstone,  a  post-village  in  Hillsborough  town'sli 
Somerset  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Millstone  River,  and  oo  the  1)« 
ware  <t  Raritan  Canal  and  the  Mercer  k  .Somoriict  and  be 
ware  k  Bound  Brook  Railroads,  8  miles  W.  of  New  1 
wick.  Including  East  Millstone  (which  is  contiKu 
has  4  churches  and  a  high  school.     Total  pop.  (18Un 

Millstone,  a  post-otlico  of  Elk  co..  Pa.,  in  Mill.-.id, 
township,  on  Clarion  River,  16  miles  N.  of  Brookvi , 
Pop.  of  the  township,  173. 

Millstone  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  «, 
Md.,  on  the  Potomac,  22  miles  W.  of  Hagerstown. 

Millstone  River,  New  Jersey,  rises  in  Monmouth  (, 
forms  the  N.E.  boundary  of  Mercer  co.,  runs  northward; 
Somerset  co.,  and  enters  the  liaritan  River  3  or  4  mi i 
below  Somerville. 

fliill  Store,  a  post-office  of  Brunswick  oo.,  Va. 

Mill'stream,  a  post-settlement  in  Kings  oo.,  N- 
Brunswick,  5  miles  from  Apohaqui.  It  contains  2  stoi 
and  saw-  and  grist-mills.     Pop.  400. 

Mill'street,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Cork,  20  mil 
E.  of  Killarney.     Pop.  1394.     It  has  a  jail  and  barrack 

Mill's  Village,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co.,  N(i 
Scotia,  on  Med  way  River,  9  miles  from  Liverpool.  It  ci- 
tains  7  saw-mills,  a  match -factory,  and  3  stores.    Pop.  4. 

Mill  Switch,  a  station  in  Sladison  co.,  Ind.,  uo  i 
Lafayette,  Muncie  k  Bloomington  Railroad,  15  miles  E. ' 
Tipton. 

Millthorpc,  a  town  of  England.    See  MiLSrnonpE 

Mill'town,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  and  2  miles  S.S. 
of  Dublin. 

Milltown,  .1  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kerry,  8  mi 
S.  of  Tralec.     In  the  vicinity  is  Kilcoleinan  Abbey. 

Mill'town,  a  post-office  of  Chambers  co.,  Ala. 

Milltown,  a  post-village  of  Berrien  co.,  Ga.,  on  i 
AUapaha  River,  about  90  miles  E.S.E.  of  Albany.  It  I 
2  churches. 

Milltown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  oo.,  Ind.,  on  ii 
Blue  River,  28  miles  W.  by  N.  of  New  Albany.  It  hni 
grist-mill.     Pop.  87. 

Milltown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adair  co.,  Ky.,  6  mil 
S.W.  of  Columbia.     It  has  a  church. 

Milltown,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co..  Me.,  i 
the  St.  Croix  River,  opposite  Milltown,  New  Brunswi, 
and  on  the  St.  Croix  k  Penobscot  Railroad,  about  2  m  i 
S.S.W.  of  Calais,  of  which  city  it  is  a  part.  It  ha  I 
churches  and  several  saw-mills. 

Milltown,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  oo.,  N.J.,  4  m  f 
S.  of  New  Brunswick.  It  has  2  churches,  4  stores,  an(fc 
manufactory  of  rubber  shoes. 

Milltown,  a  hamlet  of  Union  co.,  N.J.,  in  SpringCl 
township,  2^  miles  from  Millburn  Station.  It  has  a  maj- 
factory  of  pasteboard. 

Milltown,  a  hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  fri 
Brewster's  Station. 

3Iilltown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  oo.,  Pa.,  4  mil 
E.  of  West  Chester. 

Milltoivn,  a po.-!t- village  of  Hutchinson  oo.,S.D.,  ah t 
15  miles  (direct)  N.  by  W.  of  Olivet.  It  has  a  flour-m, 
<tc.     Pop.  about  100. 

Milltown,  a  po-'t-town  in  Charlotte  co..  Now  Bru  ■ 
wick,  on  the  St.  Croix  River,  2J  miles  from  St.  Stephen,  f 
contains  IS  saw-mills,  an  edge-tool-factory,  3  churches,*- 
eral  schools,  and  a  number  of  stores.  Several  bridges  f\} 
the  river  here,  connecting  this  village  with  Milltown  in  :» 
state  of  .Maine,  .^n  immense  quantity  of  lumber  is  sbipijl 
from  this  jwrt.     Pop.  2000. 

Milltown,  a  village  in  Hastings  co.,  Ontorio,  2  m^ 
from  Shannonville.     Pop.  200.  j 

Mill'town-Malbay,  mil'bi,  a  town  of  Ireland,  Mij- 
ster,  00.  of  Clare,  on  the  Cove  of  Malbay,  18  miles  W.i 
Ennis.     Pop.  1362. 


MIL 


1837 


aiiL 


llill'vale,  a  borough  of  Alleghany  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Je'hivny  Riv'cr,  opposite  Pittsburg,  and  on  the  Western 
)  insylvania  Railroad.  It  is  contiguous  to  Alleghany  City, 
I'l  is  connected  with  Pittsburg  by  a  fine  bridge.  It  has 
;'iurche«,arolling-mill,  a  rope-walk,  and  oil- works.  Pop. 
jlS9i),  3S09.     The  name  of  its  post-oflSce  is  Bennett. 

lillvale,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Penn- 
f  ronia  Railroad,  2i  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

'lilI'viewS  <*  post-village  of  Escambia  co.,  Fla.,  on 
]  dido  Bay,  8  miles  AV.  of  Pensacola.  It  is  the  W.  ter- 
1  lus  of  the  Pensacola  &  Perdido  Railroad,  and  has  sev- 
(I  iarfo  lumber-mills,  and  a  church.     Pop.  about  600. 

lillvieWj  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  Pa.,  on  Loy- 
1  (ck  Creek,  about  30  miles  N.E.  of  Williamsport. 

lillview,  a  hamlet  of  Williamson  co.,  Tenn.,  6i  miles 
1  n  Franklin.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a  plough- 
f  ory,  and  a  saw-mill. 

lillview,  a  village  in   Queens   ca..   Prince   Edward 

iiid,  12  miles  from  Charlottetown.  It  contains  a  store, 
;  i)tels,  a  woollen-factory,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  100. 

lili  Vil'lage,  a  village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  in 
{jlbury  township,  J  mile  from  South  Sudbury  Station.  It 
l!  a  free  library. 

*Iill  VillagCj  Massachusetts.    See  East  Dedhaw. 
lill  Village,  a  hamlet  in  Wolfborough  township,  Car- 
ii  CO.,  N.H.,  on   the  Wolfborough  Branch  Railroad,  i 
I  e  E.  of  Wolfborough. 

Will  Village,  a  village  of  Grafton  co.,  N.II.,  in  Ilan- 
(ir  township,  4  miles  from  Lebanon.  It  has  a  church,  2 
(S'-mills,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  shingle-mill. 
^ill  Village,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.II.,  in 
iben  township,  about  36  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Concord.  It 
'  2  churches,  a  saw-mill,  a  tannery,  and  a  grist-mill. 

"ill  Village,  a  post-village  of  Erie  co.,  Pa.,  on  or 
r  French  Creek,  and  on  the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western 
lilroad,  18  miles  W.  of  Corry.     It  has  2  churches,  a  plan- 
mill,  and  a  spoke-factory.     Pop.  about  400. 

'ill  Village,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Port  Medway. 

ill'ville,  a  post-office  of  Ouachita  co..  Ark. 
tillville,  a  post-village  of  Shasta  co.,  Cal.,  on  Cow 
ek,  about  28  miles  N.  of  Red  Bluff.     It  has  a  church. 

about  400. 

Ilfiliville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bibb  co.,  Ga.,  1  mile  from 
ition  No.  1  of  the  Southwestern  Bailroad.  It  has  a 
liir-mill  and  2  stores. 

lillville,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
I  road  which  connects  Richmond  with  New  Castle,  21  miles 

by  N.  of  Richmond.  It  has  a  church,  a  lumber-mill, 
I'l  a  wagon-shop. 

ittillville,  a  post-village  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  in  Mill- 
e  township,  on  the  Turkey  Kiver,  about  1  mile  from  the 
ssissippi  River,  and  30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Dubuque.  It 
a  flouring-raill.  Pop.  of  the  township,  757. 
jSillville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Woodford  co.,  Ky.,  11  miles 
^1.  of  Frankfort.  It  has  a  flouring-mill. 
tlillville,  a  post-village  in  Blackstone  township,  Wor- 
I  ter  CO.,  Miiss.,  on  the  Blackstone  River,  and  on  the 
ividence  &  Worcester  and  New  York  &  New  England 
.  ilroads,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Providence,  and  38  miles 
1  i^.  of  Boston.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
I  ddy,  Ac. 

Ilillville,  a  hamlet  in  Mayfield  township,  Lapeer  co., 
ih.,  on  the  South  Branch  of  Flint  River,  4  miles  N.  of 
Jcer.    It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 
ilillville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wabasha  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
nbro  River,  about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Rochester. 
Villville,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co..  Miss. 
Millville,  a  post-village  of  Ray  co..  Mo.,  10  miles 
!f.E.  of  Richmond.     It  has  a  church,  a  steam  mill,  and  2 
leral  stores.     Pop.  150. 

Hillville,  a  city  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.J.,  on  Maurice 
'or,  at  the  head  of  navigation,  and  on  the  West  Jersey 
ilroad,  41  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Philadelphia,  6  miles  S.  of 
leland,  and  about  11  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bridgeton.  It 
tains  7  churches,  a  national  b.ank,  a  cotton-factory,  sev- 
1  manufactories  of  glass  bottles  and  other  glass-ware, 
I  printing-ottice.s  which  issue  2  weekly  newspapers.  Pop. 
1870,6101;  in  1880,  7660;  in  1890,  10,002. 
Sillville,  or  Ileadley's,  a  hamlet  of  Ocean  co.,N.J., 
Union  township,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Barnegat.  It  has  a 
trch. 

lillville,  a  post-village  of  Orleans  co.,  N.Y..  in  Shelby 
■nship,  about  38  miles  W.  of  Rochester,  and  1  mile  S.  of 
New  York  Central  Railroad.  It  has  3  churches,  a  union 
ool,  and  a  tannery. 

ttillville,  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.    See  Eagle  Mills. 
niliville,  a  post-village  in  Boss  township,  Butler  co., 


0.,  on  Indiana  Creek,  5  or  6  miles  AV.  of  Hamilton.     It  hag 
3  churches,  a  carriage-shop,  <fec.     Pop.  about  250. 

Millville,  a  hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  0.,  on  the  Scioto 
River,  IJ  miles  from  White  Sulphur  Station,  and  about  28 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Columbus.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
flour-mill. 

Millville,  a  village  and  station  of  Hocking  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Hocking  River,  and  on  the  Columbus  <k  Hocking  XnU 
ley  Railroad,  42  miles  S.E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  3  churches. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Rockbridge.  One  mile  from 
Millville  is  a  natural  bridge  of  rock. 

Millville,  a  hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.,  on  Symmes 
Creek,  16  miles  E.  of  Ironton.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Here  is  Willow  Wood  Post-Officc. 

Millville,  a  borough  of  Cambria  co.,  Pa.,  on  or  near 
Conemaugh  Creek,  and  near  the  Pennsylvania  Kailroad, 
adjoining  Johnstown.     It  has  a  rolling-mill.     Pop.  2105. 

Millville,  a  village  of  Clarion  co..  Pa.,  on  Red  Bank 
Creek,  and  on  the  Low  Grade  division  of  the  Alleghany 
Valley  Railroad,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Brookville.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  tannery.  Pop. 
about  400.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Kerr's  Store. 

Millville,  a  post-village  in  Greenwood  township,  Co- 
lumbia CO.,  Pa.,  on  Little  Fishing  Creek,  10  miles  N.N.AV. 
of  Bloomsburg.  It  has  1  or  2  churches,  a  woollen-mill,  a 
seminary,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Millville,  a  post-office  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C. 

Millville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  Tenn.,  on  or 
near  the  Elk  River,  about  68  miles  S.  of  Nashville. 

Millville,  a  post-office  of  Rusk  co.,  Tex. 

Millville,  a  post-village  of  Cache  co.,  Utah,  4  miles  S. 
of  Logan,  and  about  36  miles  N.E.  of  Corinne.  It  has  a 
church,  a  broom-factory,  and  a  saw-mill.    Pop.  (1890)  679. 

Millville,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Grant  co.j 
Wis.,  about  8  miles  E.  of  Prairie  du  Cbien.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.W.  by  the  Wisconsin  River.  It  has  a  flour-mill, 
2  saw-mills,  &c.     Pop.  206. 

Mill'ville,  a  post-settlement  in  York  co.,  New  Brnn»- 
wick,  on  the  Nackawick  River,  and  on  the  New  Bruns- 
wick Railway,  38  miles  from  Fredericton.     Pop.  300. 

Millville,  a  hamlet  in  Cumberland  co..  Nova  Scotia, 
near  Wallace.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  2  saw-mills. 

Millville,  a  village  in  Durham  co.,  Ontario,  5  miles  W. 
of  Bowmanville.     It  contains  several  mills  and  stores. 

Millville  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co..  Pa.,  on 
Lackawaxen  River,  and  on  the  Honcsdale  Branch  of  the 
Erie  Railroad,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Honcsdale.  It  has  a  saw- 
mill, and  a  manufactory  of  settees,  step-ladders,  Ac. 

Mill'way,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Reading  &  Columbia  Railroad,  23  miles  S.W.  of  Reading. 
It  has  1  or  2  grist-mills. 

Millway,  or  Mil 'way,  a  post-hamlet  of  Abbeville  co., 
S.C,  45  miles  N.N.W.  of  Augusta,  Ga.  It  has  a  church 
and  an  academy. 

Mill'wood,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Ware  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  Brunswick  &  Albany  Railroad,  78  miles  W.  of 
Brunswick. 

Millwood,  a  post-office  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.,  about 
24  miles  S.  of  Elkhart.     Here  is  a  nursery. 

Millwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Leavenworth  co.,  Kansas, 
on  the  Stranger  River,  12  or  13  miles  N.W.  of  Leavenworth 
City.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Millwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grayson  co.,  Ky.,  on  ths 
Paducah  &  Elizabethtown  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Litchfield. 
It  has  a  church. 

Millwood,  a  township  of  Stearns  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  268. 

Millwood,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co..  Mo.,  65  miles 
N.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  a  church,  the  Millwood  Insti- 
tute, and  a,  plough-factory.     Pop.  of  township,  1479. 

Millwood,  a  township  of  Guernsey  co.,  0.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad.  Pop.  1524.  It 
contains  Quaker  City. 

Millwood,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ver- 
non River,  12  miles  B.  of  Mount  Vernon.     Pop.  122. 

Millwood,  a  post-village  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Derry  township,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  48  miles  B . 
by  S.  of  Pittsburg.     Coal  is  mined  near  this  place. 

Millwood,  or  Tel'ford,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
Tenn.,  5  miles  W.  of  Jonesborough.  Here  is  Telford  Post- 
Office. 

Millwood,  a  post-oflloe  of  Collin  co.,  Tex.,  about  30 
miles  N.E.  of  Dallas. 

Millwood,  a  station  of  Harrison  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  Marshall. 

Millwood,  a  post-village  of  Clarke  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Shenandoah  River,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Winchester,  It  has  2 
churches  and  1  or  2  flouring-mills.     Pop.  213. 


MIL 


1838 


MIL 


Millyv  mM^yoe'  (L.  Milliaeum),  a  town  of  Friinoo,  in 
Beiue-ot-OUe,  on  the  Eoolle,  16  uiiloa  E.  of  Kuiupoa.  It 
has  R  manufkotory  «t  hosiurjr.     Pup.  2184. 

MilljTt  a  rilluKe  of  Franco,  in  Oiiie,  6  miloa  N.N.W.  of 
Beaurais.     Pop.  1U7S. 

Mil'minc,  a  pu.<!t-villngo  of  Piatt  co..  III.,  on  tho  Wa- 
bash lUtlroiid,  16  miles  £.  by  N.  of  Decatur.  Much  grain 
is  shipped  hero. 

Milna,  mil'nfc,  a  seaport  town  of  Dalinatia,  13  miles  S. 
of  Spalato,  on  tho  W.  coast  of  tlie  inland  of  Brazca,  on  a 
lar;;c  bay,  vrhioh  forms  an  cxcollcnt  harbor.     Pop.  2'2a'.i. 

Mil'nathorty  a  town  of  Scotland,  ou.  and  Ij  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Kinross.     Pop.  1312. 

Jllii'nerf  a  station  in  Cullman  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  South  & 
Korth  Alabama  Railroad,  31  miles  S.  by  K.  of  Dooivtur. 

Milner,  a  post-office  of  Itandolph  co.,  Ala.,  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Wedoweo. 

Milncr,  a  post-village  of  Pike  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Atlanta 
division  of  the  Central  Railroad,  54  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Atlanta. 
It  has  4  churches  and  a  seminary. 

Milucr's  Corners,  a  post-ofBce  of  Hancock  co.,  Ind. 

Milnersville,  Guernsey  co.,  0.     See  UinMiNOHAM. 

Milnesvillef  milnz'vll,  a  post-villago  of  Luzerne  co.. 
Pa.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  2  miles  W. 
of  Kbervale.     Coal  is  mined  hero.     Pop.  in  1800,  824. 

Milnesvillc,  a  post-village  of  Augusta  oo.,  Va.,  6) 
miles  W.  of  Mount  Crawford  Station. 
'    Milnesville,  milnz'vll,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  On- 
tario, 2.^  miles  from  Markham.     It  contains  a  store  and 
several  saw-uiills.     Pim.  125. 

Aliln'gavie,  or  Afill'guy,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co. 
of  Stirling,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Glasgow.     Pop.  2044. 

Miln'roWf  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  2  miles 
by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Rochdale.     Pop.  5505. 

Alilnthorpe,  or  Millthorpef  mill'thorp,  a  town  of 
England,  oo.  of  Westmoreland,  7  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of 
Kendal. 

Milo,  mee'lo,  or  Mc'los  (Gr.  M>)\ot),  an  islaind  of  the 
kingdom  of  Greece,  in  the  nome  of  the  Cyclades.  Lat.  36° 
45'  N. ;  Ion.  24°  23'  E.  Area,  65  square  miles.  Surface 
mountainous,  volcanic,  and  generally  sterile.  Mount  St. 
Elias,  in  its  W.  part,  is  2480  foet  in  height.  Sulphur,  alum, 
and  vitriol  are  its  principal  products,  and  it  h:i8  many  cav- 
erns and  hot  springs.  A  large  bay  indents  it  on  tho  N., 
forming  ono  of  tho  most  frequented  harbors  in  the  Cycla- 
des, on  the  S.E.  side  of  which  is  the  small  town  of  Milo,  in 
ancient  times  a  flourishing  city.  Pop.  3490.  Anti-Mii.o, 
in'tce  mee'lo,  is  an  islet  about  6  miles  N.W.  The  eparchy 
of  Milo  includes  also  several  other  islands.     Pop.  10,784. 

Mi'lo,  a  post-bamlct  of  Pike  co.,  Ala.,  8  miles  S.E.  of 
Troy.     It  has  a  church. 

Nilo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bureau  co..  111.,  in  Milo  town- 
■hip,  about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Lacon,  and  35  miles  N.  of 
Peoria.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  townshijv,  1118. 

Milo,  a  post-township  of  Delaware  eo.,  Iowa.    Pop.  719. 

Milo,  a  post-hamlet  in  Salt  Creek  township,  Lincoln 
eo.,  Kansas,  42  miles  N.  of  Ellsworth.     It  has  a  church. 

Milo,  a  post-village  in  Milo  township,  Piscataquis  co.. 
Me.,  on  the  Sebce  River,  near  its  mouth,  and  on  the  Bangor 
A  Piscatiiquis  Railroad,  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bangor.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  Hour-mill,  and  a  woolicu-inill.  The  town- 
ship is  intersected  by  tho  Piscataquis  and  Pleasant  Rivers, 
and  has  abundant  water-power.  Pop.  of  the  township,  938. 

Milo,  a  po.<t-office  of  Barry  co.,  Mich. 

Milo,  a  township  of  Mille  Lacs  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  219. 
.    Milo,  a  post-township  of  Vates  co.,  N.Y.,  is  bounded  on 
tho  K.  by  Seneca  Lake,  and  on  the  W.  by  Keuka  Lake.     It 
contains  part  of  Penn  Yan,  and  is  intersected  b^'  the  North- 
ern Central  Railroad.     Pop.  5008.     Sec  also  Uimuod's, 

Milo,  a  post-office  of  Defiance  co.,  0. 

Milo,  a  post-village  of  Wetzel  co.,  W.  Va. 

Milo  Centre,  or  Milo,  a  post-hamlet  in  Milo  town- 
•hip,  Yates  co.,  N.Y.,  on  tho  Northern  Central  Railroad,  28 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Caniindaigua.     It  has  a  church. 

Miloslaw,  mce'lo-s1dv\  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland,  29 
miles  S.E.  of  Posen.     Pop.  1590. 

Milostavitchi,  me-lo-sti-vitch'ee,  a  market-town  of 
Russia,  government  of  Moheolev,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Kli- 
movitchi.     Pop.  1800. 

Milpitas,  mil-pee'tas,  a  post-villago  of  Santa  Clara 
00.,  Cal.,  at  Milpitas  Station  on  tho  Central  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 6  miles  N.  of  San  Jose.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  farming-implements.     Pop.  of  township,'665. 

Milquaty,  a  township  of  Sun  Diego  co.,  Cal.    Pop.  324. 

MiProy',  a  township  of  Jasper  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  123. 

Milroy,  a  post-village  in  Anderson  township.  Rush  co., 
Ind.,  on  Little  Flat  Rock  Creek,  8  miles  S.  of  Rushvillo. 


It  has  3  churches,  a  carriago-thop,  2  flour-niilU,  awoolli 
mill,  ifco.     Pop.  about  250. 

Milroy,  a  poHt-villiigo   in   Armagh  township,  Min 
00.,  Ptt.,  on  tho  Mitnin  &  Centre  County  Ruilroml,  12 
N.  of  Lowistown.     It  has  3  churohee,  u  foundrj   i 
woollen-factory.     Poii.  In  1890,  598.  ' 

Miltenberg,  mii't9n-b6Ro\  a  town  of  Uararia,  on  t 
Main,  31  miles  W.  of  Wilrzburg.  Pop.  3501.  It  hiu 
Franciscan  convent,  and  *  oostio  belonging  to  tho  Tdt 
of  Lciningen. 

Mil'ton,or  Royal  .llilton,  a  former  town  of  Engliii 
CO.  of  Kent,  on  an  inlet  of  the  Channel  between  the  1»Ih 
Sheppy  and  the  mainland,  near  the  mouth  ut'  tho  Medni 
7i  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Feversham.  It  in  now  a  u, 
of  the  borough  of  Gravesend.  Pop.  24,960.  Ithaiwhari 
for  barges  engaged  in  tho  London  carrying  trade,  and  i, 
merous  dredgers  employed  in  its  celebrated  oyster.fltheri 

Milton,  or  Iler'bertshire,  a  small  village  of  8« 
land,  CO.  of  Stirling,  7  miles   W.N.W.  of  Falkirk,  on 
Carron.      Pop.  1190. 

Mil'ton,  a  county  in  the  N.  p.irt  of  Georgia,  bos 
area  of  110  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  i  . 
intersected  in  the  S.  part  by  the  Chattahoochee  Kiver,  li 
surface  is  hilly  or  undulating,  and  nearly  half  of  it  is  a 
ered  with  forests.  Tho  soil  produces  Indian  corn,  ootti 
and  wheat.  Capital,  Alpharetta.  Pop.  in  1870,4284: 
1880,  6261;  in  1890,  6208. 

Milton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Autauga  co.,  Ala.,  7  mi 
from  Clay's  Station.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Milton,  a  post-village  of  Calaveras  co.,  Cal.,  on 
Stockton  A,  Coj)peropoli8  Railroad,  30  miles  E.  by  N. 
Stockton.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  200. 

Milton,  a  ]>ost-village  in  Litchfield  township,  Litchf! 
CO.,  Conn.,  on   the  Sho]>aug   River,  about  34  miles  W. 
Hartford.     It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  the  iEl  i 
shear-shop. 

Milton,  a  post-village  of  Susses  oo.,  Del.,  about  77  mil 
S.  of  Wilmington,  and  10  miles  W.  of  Lewes.  It  bti 
churches  and  an  academy.  It  is  partly  supported  by  sh 
buililing.     Pop.  in  1890,  1074. 

Milton,  a  ])ost-village,  capital  of  Santa  Rosaoo.,  Fl 
on  tlie  Yellow  River,  about  3  miles  from  its  entrance  ii 
Pensacula  Bay.  25  miles  N.E.  of  Pensacul:i,  und  about 
miles  E.of  Mobile.  It  has  7  churches,  an  !u:ademy, seve 
saw-mills,  and  a  public  library.  Several  steamers  areowi. 
here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1455. 

Milton,  Coles  co.,  111.     Sec  Hiuibolt. 

Milton,  a  township  of  Du  Page  co.,  111.  Pop.  21 
It  contains  Whcaton. 

Milton,  a  station  in  Madison  oo.,  III.,  on  tho  Cbicagt 
Alton  Railroad,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Alton. 

Milton,  a  post-village  in  Montezuma  township,  Pi 
CO.,  HI.,  about  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Jacksonville,  and  3  mil 
W.  of  tho  Illinois  River.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  sohc 
a  bank,  a  pottery,  a  flour-mill,  a  newspai)or  oiEoe,  and 
cigar-factory. 

Milton,  a  township  of  JoScrson  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  IV 
It  contains  Brooksburg. 

Milton,  Vigo  CO.,  Ind.     See  IIiinteu. 

Milton,  apost-villagc  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind..  on  the  AVhi 
water  River,  and  on  the  Cincinnati  &  Whitewater  Vail 
Railro.-vd  and  the  Fort  Wayne,  Muncie  &  Cincinnati  Ra 
road,  2  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cambridge  City,  and  55  miles  E. 
Indianapolis.  It  has  5  churches,  1  or  2  Hour-mills,  and  I 
Hoosier  Agricultural  Works.     Pop.  in  1890,  742. 

Milton^  a  post-village  in  Jackson  township.  Von  Bur 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Burlington  &  Southwestern  Railroiul, 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Blootnfield.  It  has  2  churche*,  o  grad 
school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  flour-mill.     P.  (1890)  0 

Milton,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  23G 

Milton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sumner  eo.,  Kansas,  40  mi| 
S.W.  of  Wichita. 

Milton,  a  post-village  of  Trimble  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  01| 
River,  opposite  Madison,  Ind.,  and  about  40  miles  N.Nj 
of  Louisville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  distillery,  a  flour-mj 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  400.  | 

Milton,  a  post-village  in  Milton  township,  Norfolk  c, 
Mass.,  on  the  Neponset  River,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  t 
Colony  Railroad,  7  or  8  miles  S.  of  Boston.  It  contaiw 
high  school,  3  churches,  a  paper-mill,  a  chocolate-mill,  ai 
many  elegant  residences.  Fine  granite  is  found  here.  Pel 
of  the  township,  in  1890,  4278.  j 

3Iilton,  a  township  of  Antrim  co.,  Mich.,  on  Graj 
Traverse  Bay.     Pop.  310.     It  contains  Creswell.  I 

Milton,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Mich.,  on  tho  India 
line.     Pop.  532. 

Milton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Macomb  co.,  Micb.,  on  « 


MIL 


1839 


3IIL 


(  nd  Trunk  Railroad,  about  00  milos  N.X.E.  of  Detroit. 
I  as  2  cliurcjhcs. 

ililton,  a  township  of  Dodge  ec,  Minn.     Pop.  903. 

[ilton,  a  post-haailet  of  Atchison  co.,  .Mo.,  4  miles 
1:1.  of  Corning  Station.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill, 
a  a  saw-mill. 

[ilton,  a  hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  Mo.,  7  miles  N.E. 

0  »Ioborly.     It  hiis  2  churches. 

[ilton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Snunders  CO.,  Neb.,  near  Cot- 
t  vood  Creek,  about  o6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Omaha. 

ililton,  a  post-village  in  Milton  township,  Strafford 
elN.H.,  on  the  Salmon  Falls  River,  and  on  the  North 
Ci way  division  of  the  Eastern  Railroad,  14  miles  N.N.W. 
oijrcat  Falls.  It  has  a  superior  hotel,  and  some  manu- 
f!ures  of  shoes  and  lumber,  also  2  churches  and  a  classical 
giKil.  The  township  contains  also  the  village  of  Milton 
pis,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1598. 

(ilton,  a  post-hamlct  of  Morris  eo.,  N.J.,  about  10 

1  }s  N.  of  Morristown.     It  has  a  church. 

(ilton,  a  township  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  5227. 
I  ontains  Callston  Spa,  Milton  Centre,  West  Milton,  and 
I  k  City  Falls. 

ililton,  a  post-village  in  Marlborough  township,  Ulster 
(jjN.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River,  about  12  miles  above  New- 
big,  and  4  miles  below  Poughkeepsie.     It  has  5  churches, 
ajmr-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  wheelbarrows.  Pop.  about 
£i.    On  the  opposite  bank  of  the  river  is  Milton  Ferry 
5:ion  on  the  Hudson  Kivcr  Railroad,  70  miles  from  New 
■;  k.    A  ferry-boat  plies  between  Milton  and  this  station. 
lilton,  a  post-village  in  Milton  township,  Caswell  co., 
],1.  (near  the  northern  boundary  of  the  state),  on  the  Dan 
ller,  at  the  mouth  of  County  Line  Creek,  and  on  the  MiU 
t  &  Sutherlin  Railroad,  about  70  miles  N.N.W.  of  Raleigh, 
1 .  14  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Danville,  Va.     It  has  2  news- 
mer  offices,  3  churches,  a  flouring-raill,  and  2  tobacco- 
i  ories.     Pop.  in  1890,  705;  of  the  township,  2808. 
lilton,  a  township  of  Ashland  co.,  0.     Pop.  1240. 
lilton,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  0.     Pop.  3404.     It 
(jtains  Berlin  Cross   Roads  and  Middleton,  also  Milton 
Stion,  at  Wellston,  on  the  Portsmouth   Rranch   of  the 
|rietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  3   milos  S.  of  Ilamden 
iction. 

lilton,  a  post-township  of  Mahoning  co.,  0.,  about  16 
OS  W.  of  Youngstown.  Pop.  744.  It  is  intersected  by 
Mahoning  River. 

lilton,  or  West  Milton,  a  post-villago  in  Union 
nship,  Miami  co.,  0.,  on  the  Stillwater  River,  or  South- 
|t  Branch  of  the  Miami  River,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Dayton, 
f  10  miles  S.W.  of  Troy.     It  has  2  churches,  a  graded 
jool,  2  woollen-mills,  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  706. 
1)  name  of  its  post-office  is  West  Milton. 
[filton,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  0.     Pop.  1524.    It 
i| tains  MiLTO.v  Station  (which  see). 
ililton,  a  township  of  Wood  co.,  0.     Pop.  1464.     It 
Ctains  Milton  Centre  and  Custar. 
jfilton,  a  post-office  of  Umatilla  co.,  Oregon. 
, (lilton,  a  hamlet  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa.,  on  Mahoning 
jek,  about  60  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg.   It  has  a  flouring- 
)  l._  Here  is  Phoenix  Post-Office. 

Hilton,  a  post-borough  of  Northumberland  co..  Pa.,  on 
'West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the 
iladelphia  &  Erie  Railroad  and  the  Catawissa  <fc  Williams- 
;  t  Railroad,  13  miles  above  Sunbury,  27  miles  below 
lliamsport,  and  15  miles  by  railroad  W.N.W.  of  Danville. 
)ridge  crosses  the  river  here.  Milton  has  9  churches,  2 
ional  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  a  rolling-mill,  a  nail- 
iory,  2  saw-mills,  2  planing-mills,  and  a  car-factory. 
,1.  in  1890,  5317. 

Ililton,  a  post-village  of  Rutherford  eo.,  Tenn.,  about 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Nashville.     It  has  a  church,  an  aoad- 
T.  and  a  masonic  hall.     Pop.  about  100. 
Ililton,  a  post-office  of  Lamar  co.,  Te.x.,  about  15  miles 
y.  of  Paris. 

|9ilton,  a  post-village  in  Milton  township,  Chittenden 
'  vt.,  on  the  Lamoille  River,  7  miles  from  its  mouth, 
■  1  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  14  miles  S.  of  St. 
i>ans,  and  14  miles  (direct)  N.N.E.  of  Burlington.  The 
[Br  here  falls  about  150  feet  in  a  course  of  300  yards,  af- 
ling  abundant  water-power.  Milton  has  several  saw- 
Is,  a  carriage-shop,  3  churches,  and  a  graded  school, 
'•of  the  township,  2062. 

Hilton,  a  thriving  jwst-village  of  Cabell  co.,  W.  Va., 
the  Chesapeake  A  Ohio  Railroad,  18  miles  E.  of  Ilun- 
gton.  In  the  vicinity  are  several  churches  and  manu- 
jrarcs  of  lumber,  staves,  Ac.  Pop.  about  400. 
iBilton,  a  township  of  Buffalo  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Missis- 
,pi  River.    Pop.  427,  exclusive  of  Buffalo. 


Milton,  a  post-village  in  Milton  township.  Rock  6o., 
Wis.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <t  St.  Paul  Railroad,  62 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Milwaukee,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Jancsvill*, 
and  2  miles  E.  of  Milton  Junction,  which  is  on  the  Chicago 
<fc  Northwestern  Railroad.  It  has  2  or  3  churches.  Here 
is  Milton  College,  which  was  organized  in  1867  and  is  un- 
der the  direction  of  the  Seventh-Day  Baptists.  Koek 
River  touches  the  N.W.  corner  of  the  township.  Pop.  ot 
the  village  in  1890,  685  ;  of  the  township,  2300. 

Milton,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on 
Liverpool  River,  2i  miles  from  Liverpool.  It  has  a  large 
lumber-trade,  a  number  of  saw-mills,  a  tannery,  a  planing- 
mill,  and  about  12  stores.  Pop.  1100. 
Milton,  Ontario.  See  Milto.n  AVkst. 
Milton,  a  vill.age  in  Queens  co.,  Prince  Edward  Island, 
on  the  Prince  Edward  Island  Railway,  7  miles  from  Cbarr 
lottetown.     Pop.  150. 

Milto'nH,  a  post-township  of  Douglas  co.,  Minn.  Popw 
130.     It  contains  the  large  lake  Miltona. 

31ilton  Ab'bas,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Dorset,  6 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Blandford-Forum.  Pop.  of  parish,  942. 
Milton  Abbey  is  a  noble  structure,  occupying  the  site  of  a 
monastery  built  by  King  Athelstan  about  933. 

Milton  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Milton  township,  3  miles  from  Ballston,  and  7  miles 
S.W.  of  Saratoga  Springs.  It  has  a  tannery,  a  Hour-mill, 
and  about  40  dwellings. 

Milton  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co.,  0.,  in 
Milton  township,  on  the  Dayton  &  Michigan  Railroad,  30 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Toledo.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber,  buckets,  <fec. 

Milton  East,  a  post-village  in  Shefford  co.,  Quebec,  9 
miles  N.  of  Granby.  It  contains  a  hotel,  a  store,  and  a 
cheese-factory.     Pop.  100. 

Milton  Ferry,  or  Bar^negat',  a  station  in  Dutches* 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River,  and  on  the  Hudson  River 
Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Poughkeei)sie,  and  70  miles  N.  of 
New  York,  and  opposite  Milton,  to  which  it  is  connected 
by  steam  ferry. 

Milton  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa,,  Iti 
Mount  Joy  township,  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lancaster.  H 
has  3  churches  and  a  cigar-factory. 

Milton  Junction,  a  post-village  of  Rock  co..  Wis., 
on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  and  on  the  Chi- 
ciigo,  Milwaukee  <t  St.  Paul  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  th« 
Southern  Wisconsin  Railroad,  32  miles  S.E.  of  Madison, 
and  2  miles  W.  of  Milton.  It  haa  3  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  carriages,  flour,  <tc. 

Milton  Lower  Mills,  a  village  in  Milton  township, 
Norfolk  CO.,  Mass.,  at  Milton  Station,  at  or  near  the  junc^ 
tion  of  the  Shawmut  and  Milton  Branches  of  the  Old  Col- 
ony Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Boston.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
paper-mill,  and  a  granite-quarry. 

Miltou  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Milton  township, 
Strafford  co.,  N.H.,  on  a  branch  of  Salmon  Falls  River, 
about  24  miles  N.  of  Dover.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high 
school,  and  manufactures  of  flannels,  blankets,  piano-cover.!, 
and  felt  goods. 

Milton  Park,  Engl.and.     See  Peterboiiough. 

Milton  Plantation,  a  post-office  and  plautiition  ot 
O.\ford  CO.,  Me.  Pop.  258.  It  is  stated  that  silver-mines 
have  been  found  here. 

Mil'tonsburg,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  0.,  14 
miles  S.  of  Barncsville,  and  about  30  miles  S.W.  of  Wheel- 
ing, W.  Va.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  carriage-factory. 

Milton  Station,  Coles  co.,  111.    See  Humbolt. 

Miltou  Station,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  0.,  on. 
the  N.  border  of  Milton  township,  and  on  the  Atlantic  At 
Great  Western  Railroad,  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Akron.  It 
has  2  churches,  3  stores,  a  carriage-factory,  and  a  saw-mill. 
Pop.  about  250. 

Mil'tonville,  a  village  in  Madison  township,  Butler 
CO.,  0.     Pop.  179. 

Miltou  West,  or  Milton,  a  town,  capital  of  Ilalton 
CO.,  Ontario,  situated  on  Sixteen  Mile  Creek,  16  miles  S.  of.  ■ 
Georgetown.      It  contains  the  county  buildings,  an  iron- 
foundry,  a  tannery,  a  woollen-factory,  saw-  and  grist-mills, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  891. 

Milton  Wharf,  a  post-office  of  Richmond  co.,  Va. 

Miltschin,  milt-sheen',  or  Milcsin,  mil-checn',  a, 
town  of  Bohemia,  47  miles  S.S.E.  of  Prague.     Pop.  1780.  , 

Miltseen,  or  Miltsin,  milt-seen',  a  mountain  of  North 
Africa,  one  of  the  highest  peaks  of  the  Atlas  range,  is  situ- 
ated about  30  miles  S.E.  of  the  city  of  Morocco.  Lat.  31* 
15'  N. ;  Ion.  7°  25'  W.    Height,  about  11,400  feet. 

Mil'verton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Somerset,  I3i. 
miles  S.W.  of  Bridgewater.     Pop.  of  parish,  201&. 


MIL 


1840 


MIN 


Milwaukee,  mil-waw'kee,  tho  most  populous  county 
of  Wisconvin,  bos  an  area  of  about  232  square  miles.  It 
is  bounilcd  on  tho  K.  by  Lake  Mioliigan,  and  is  drained  by 
the  Milwaukee,  Menoinoneo,  and  Hoot  Riven).  Tbesurfiioe 
is  undulating.  The  soil  is  furtilo.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
oaU>,  buy,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Good  Niagara 
limestone  underlies  the  soil.  Capital,  Milwaukee.  Po|).  in 
1870,  89.U:iO;  in  1880,  138,5.H7;  in  18U0,  2.'i6,10l. 

Milwaukee,  a  post-village  of  Clackamas  co^  Oregon, 
on  the  E.  bank  of  tho  Willamette  River,  and  on  tho  Oregon 
A  California  Railroad,  7  miles  8.  by  *£.  of  Portland.  It  has 
2  ohurcbps,  a  store,  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Milwaukee,  a  post-bamlet  of  Lackawanna  co..  Pa., 
about  6  miles  W.N.W.  of  Scranton.     It  has  a  ohurch. 

Milwaukee,  a  city,  port  of  entry,  county  seat  of  Mil- 
waukee CO.,  and  the  most  populous  city  of  Wisconsin,  is 
situated  on  the  W.  shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Milwaukee  River,  85  miles  N.  of  Chicago,  and  80  miles 
E.  of  Madison.  Lat.  4.3°  3'  45"  N. ;  Ion.  87°  67'  W.  The 
Milwaukee  River  approaching  from  the  N.,  almost  jiarallel 
with  the  lake  shore,  is  joined  about  half  a  mile  from  its 
mouth  by  the  Menomoneo  River,  which  flows  in  from  the 
W.,  and  nearer  its  mouth  by  tho  Kinuickinnick  River,  which 
ooraos  from  the  S.W.  The  largest  steamers  on  the  lakes 
can  ascend  the  Milwaukee  River  2  miles  from  its  mouth,  and 
boats  can  also  ascend  the  Menomoneo  and  Kinuickinnick 
Rivers  for  a  long  distance.  A  largo  amount  of  money  has 
been  expended  by  the  general  government  in  tho  improve- 
ment of  Milwaukee  harbor,  and  it  is  now  one  of  the  best 
harbors  on  the  Great  Lakes.  A  breakwater  stretching 
across  the  N.  bight  of  Milwaukee  Bay  incloses  a  basin 
capable  of  sheltering  an  immense  fleet.  The  city  is  advan- 
tageously situated  along  the  banks  of  tho  three  rivers 
named,  and  the  transportation  facilities  afforded  by  these 
waterways  have  made  it  a  great  manufacturing  and  ship- 
ping point.  The  residence  portions  of  the  city,  on  high 
ground  above  the  busy  valleys  along  the  streams,  are  noted 
for  their  beautiful  shaded  avenues  and  elegant  homes.  The 
finest  residence  districts  are  on  the  plateau  between  the 
lake  and  the  Milwaukee  River,  and  along  the  lake  and  river 
bluffs,  and  on  tho  high  ground  to  the  west.  Milwaukee 
contains  122  churches,  of  which  94  are  I'rotestant,  24  Cath- 
olic, and  4  Hebrew.  There  are  41  public  schools,  1  state 
normal  school,  4  colleges,  and  many  seminaries,  academies, 
and  private  and  church  schools.  The  city  has  also  3  orphan 
asylums,  7  other  asylums,  and  8  hospitals.  The  public  in- 
stitutions include  a  branch  of  the  National  Soldiers'  Home, 
the  Lay  ton  Art  Gallery,  a  public  museum  with  an  extensive 
natural  history,  geological,  and  archseological  collection, 
and  a  public  library  containing  over  65,000  volumes.  The 
Catholic  Convent  Notre-Dame  occupies  an  entire  square  on 
the  East  Side.  The  Capuchins  occupy  a  square  on  the 
West  Side  with  their  church,  monastery,  and  accessory 
buildings,  and  the  Sisters  of  St.  Francis  have  a  large  house 
on  the  South  Side.  Ten  daily  papers  are  published  in 
Milwaukee,  38  weekly  newspapers,  and  a  number  of 
monthly  and  quarterly  periodicals.  The  city  has  12  banks, 
1  life  insurance  company,  and  several  fire  insurance  com- 
panies. Transportation  facilities  are  afforded  by  eleven 
railway  lines  radiating  from  the  city,  and  as  many  steamer 
lines  to  other  lake  ports.  Urban  and  inter-urban  transit 
facilities  are  furnished  by  over  100  miles  of  well-equipped 
electric  railway.  Milwaukee  is  a  great  grain-market,  and 
also  an  important  coal-receiving  and  distributing  point. 
During  1892  the  receipts  of  wheat  were  15,204,639  bushels, 
and  the  shipments  3,708,509  bushels.  Nearly  12,000,000 
bushels  of  barley  were  received  for  malting  purposes,  and 
8,024,169  bushels  shipped.  The  receipts  of  grain  of  all 
kinds  during  1892  aggregated  36,763,849  bushels.  The  7 
flouring-mills  located  in  the  city  produced  2,1 17,009  barrels 
of  flour  during  1892,  an  auiount  surpassed  only  by  Minne- 
apolis, the  leading  milling  centre  of  the  United  States. 
The  coal  receipts  during  1892  aggregated  1,374,414  tons. 
Milwaukee  has  over  3500  manufacturing  establishments, 
employing  nearly  60,000  persons,  who  receive  nearly  $30,- 
000,000  annually  in  wages,  and  produce  nearly  $145,000,000 
worth  of  manufactured  products.  The  most,  conspicuous 
industry  is  that  of  brewing  lager  beer,  and  Milwaukee  beer 
is  well  known  all  over  the  civilized  vorld.  In  1892  the  7 
brewing  establishments  located  in  the  city  produced  2.299,- 
000  barrels  of  beer.  The  correlated  industry  of  maJting  is 
represented  by  1 1  establishments,  which  produced  $6,485,000 
iforth  of  malt  in  1892.  Milwaukee  was  .•'ettled  in  1835,  and 
incorporated  as  a  city  in  1846.  The  population  in  1850 
w;is  20,061;  in  1854,  30,000;  in  1863,  65,000;  in  1870, 
W,44«;  in  1875,  100,775;  in  1880,  115,587;  in  1885, 
168,509;  in  ISflO,  204,468.    In  1891   the  area  of  tho  city 


was  increased  by  annexation  from  17.08  square  niile«  to 
square  miles,  and  through  this  and  the  regular  natural  I 
crease  the  population  is  now  ?15.(i(»0.  A  numhorofthrivii 
Industrial  suburbs  are  practically  a  part  of  the  city  li 
they  are  not  counted  in  this  estimate  of  the  populVlio 

Thirteen  extensive  manufacturing cstablishmcntji are locnf 
at  South  Milwaukee,  a  flourishing  town  with  a  harbor  ti 
dock  facilities  and  ample  railway  acconiinmlations  T 
town  of  Cudahy,  between  South  Milwaukee  and  the  ri 
proper,  has  an  extensive  meat-naoking  ctabliahinent  ni 
other  industrial  institutions.  Eight  manufaeturine  iilut 
are  located  at  North  Milwaukee.  Wauwatosa  is  a  wc 
peopled  residence  suburb  west  of  Milwaukee.  Vital  stnl 
tics  prove  that  Milwaukee  is  one  of  the  healthiest  eitiee 
the  United  States.  This  is  due  to  its  elevated  location  t 
cellent  drainage,  and  pure  water.  It  has  a  system  of  exit 
sive  and  beautiful  parks  comprising  rcFcrvations  in  t 
three  divisions  of  the  city,  and  a  terraced  park  on  the  lu 
front  only  a  few  minutes'  walk  from  tho  business  centre 

MilAvaukcc  River,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Fond  du  L 
CO.,  runs  southeastward  through  Washington  co.,  and  loui 
ward  through  Ozaukee  co.,  and  enters  Lake  Michigao 
the  city  of  Milwaukee.     It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Mimbres,  incem'brSs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co,  X< 
Mexico,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Silver  City.    Here  are  hot  sprinj 

Mimcina,  or  Minisina,  mim-sce'nl,  a  considcral 
town  of  Morocco,  190  miles  S.E.  of  the  city  of  Muroe* 
lat.  30°  N.,  Ion.  5°  W.  '  ^ 

Min,  min  or  meen,  or  Min-Kiang:,  min'-ke-lng', 
considerable  river  of  China,  province  of  Fo-Kicn,  flows  ge 
erally  S.E.  into  Ho-Sien  Bay,  lat.  26°  8'  N.,  Ion.  119°  40' 
On  it  are  the  cities  Kien-Chang,  Yen-Ping,  and  Foo-Choi 

Min  a,  mce'n&  (plural  Minas,  mee'nis),  a  Portuguc 
and  Spanish  word,  signifying  "mine,"  and  forming  a  pn 
of  several  names  in  South  America;  as  MiNAS-GEnAKS(tl 
"General  Mines"),  Minas-Novas  (the  "New  Mines"),  & 

Mi'na,  a  j^st-hamlet  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Mil 
township,  about  24  miles  AV.  of  Jamestown,  and  22  milei 
of  Erie,  Pa.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1195. 

Minab,  Persia.    See  Mkk.\ab. 

Minaha.ssa,  mee'ni-his'sl  (native,  Ni-tnahamin,  "co 
federation"),  a  district  in  the  Dutch  residency  of  Menad 
Celebes,  forming  the  extreme  N.E.  point  of  tho  island, 
is  composed  of  36  Kttio  states  under  Dutch  control.  It 
a  very  rough  and  volcanic  region,  but  is  ono  of  tho  fine 
coffeo-districts  in  the  world.  Its  people,  lately  savages,  ha' 
become  civilized,  chiefly  through  the  labors  of  Dutch  ui 
sionaries.     Capital,  Menado.     Pop.  105,514. 

Minam,  a  village  of  Persia.    See  Mkenam. 

Minas  (mce'na.?)  Bay,  a  remarkable  body  of  water 
Nova  Scotia,  tho  E.  arm  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  penetrntii: 
60  miles  inland  and  terminating  in  Chignccto  Bay.  Tl 
tides  here  rush  in  with  great  impetuosity  and  form  what 
called  the  bore.  At  the  equinoxes  they  have  been  know 
to  rise  from  60  to  70  feet,  while  in  Halifax  harbor,  on  ll 
opposite  coast,  the  spring  tides  rise  only  from  6  to  9  fee 
Minas  Bay  receives  a  great  number  of  small  rivers,  tl 
principal  of  which,  called  the  Avon,  is  navigable. 

Minas-(i;craes,meo'nis  zh4-ri'5s  (almost  zhA-rice'), 
state  of  Brazil,  situated  between  lat.  14°  25'  and  23°  S.an 
Ion.  40°  37'  and  53°  20'  W.,  having  E.  Bahia,S.Sao  Paul 
W.  Goyaz,  and  N.  Pernambuco.  Area,  222,160  square  mile 
It  occupies  the  highest  table-land  in  Brazil,  and  isthemoi 
populous  of  its  states.  The  prairies  are  covered  with  vai 
herds  of  cattle,  and  the  cheese  of  the  state  Ls  in  high  reputi 
The  gold  and  precious  stones  of  M  inas-Geraes  arc  importan 
Iron-works  have  been  erected  in  the  neighborhood  of  Our 
Preto,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1872,  2,039,735;  in  188! 
2,449,010;  in  1888,3,018,807. 

Minas-Novas,  mce'ni.s  no'vis,  formerly  Bom-Snc 
cesso  das  Minas-de-Fanado,  b6N<'-soos-s4'so  di 
mee'nis  dk  fi-ni'do,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Minat 
Geraes,  230  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ouro  Preto. 

Minatitian,  mee*ni-tit-14n',  or  La  Fabrica,  14  (l'| 
bree-kl,  a  port  of  Mexico,  on  the  Isthmus  of  Tehuantepccj 
140  miles  S.E.  of  Vera  Cruz.  It  is  on  the  left  bank  of  th 
river  Coatzacoalcos,  20  miles  from  its  mouth.  There  arc  ll 
feet  of  water  on  the  bar  at  the  river's  mouth,  and  more  tha:| 
20  feet  to  a  point  several  miles  above  the  town,  which  ba 
a  church  and  a  school,  and  ships  mahogany  and  the  otbe 
products  of  the  region. 

Mi'naville,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y.,  3. 
miles  N.W.  of  Albany,  and  4  miles  S.  of  Amsterdam.  I 
has  2  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  grist-mill.    P.  13(1 

Minaya,  me-ni'i,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  3 
miles  N.W.  of  Albaceto.     Pop.  2118. 

Min'burn,  a  post-village  of  Dallas  co.,  Iowa,  on  th 


MIX 


1841 


MIN 


II  Moines  &  Fort  Dodge  Railroad,  27  miles  W.N.AV.  of 
D  Moines.    It  is  near  the  Raccoon  River.     It  hasachuroh, 

incar'lo,  one  of  the  Scilly  Islands,  4  miles  W,  of  St. 
Ji  v's.     Area,  12  acres. 

inch,  a  strait  of  Scotland.     See  MiifSH. 

iii"Chnii,  a  mountain  of  China.     Sec  Mix-Sha:». 

inchiiihamp'ton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Glou- 
C(.!r,  on  the  (Jotswold  Hills,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Stroud.  It 
himanufactorics  of  woollen  cloth.  Pop.  of  parish,  4361. 
!  inchiiiniadiva,  min-chin-iuA-dee'vi,  written  also 
Michinmadom,  a  mountain-peak  of  the  Andes,  in 
plgonia.     Lat.  42°  50'  S.     Height,  8000  feet. 

I  iiicio,  rain'cho  or  mcen'cho  (anc.  Min'ciua),  a  river 
olitaly,  emerges  from  the  S.  extremity  of  Lago  di  Garda, 
fljj  S.  and  E.,  passes  Goito  and  Mantua,  and  joins  the  Po 
Bi  Governolo.     Length,  38  miles. 
•  in'cy,  a  post-office  of  Taney  co..  Mo. 

iiidaiiao,  min-di-ni'o  or  meen-di-ni'o,  or  Magin- 
d  uio,  mi-necn-di-ni'o,  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archi- 
pi;?o,  the  southernmost,  and  after  Luzon  the  largest,  of  the 
yiippines,  extending  from  Point  Banajan,  lat.  9°  50'  N., 
tc])int  Mindanao,  lat.  5°  32'  N.,  and  from  Point  Alimpapan, 

10  122°  E.,  to  Cape  St.  Augustine  or  Pandagitan,  Ion. 
llf  13'  B.  Greiitest  length,  300  miles.  Estimated  area, 
3i  00  square  miles.     Iligan  Ray  on  the  N.,  and  Illanon  or 

11  ja  Bay  on  the  S.,  nearly  divide  the  island  into  two 
n:  s.  Its  line  of  coast  is  marked  with  many  bays  and 
liijllands,  which  afford  excellent  shelter  to  ships  during 
ttins.  Its  mountains  are  of  immense  altitude,  and  are 
clliod  nearly  to  their  summits  with  forests  of  teak  and 
orr  large  trees.  Numerous  volcanoes,  some  in  full  ignition, 
or  among  them,  but  Mount  Calatan,  near  the  source  of 
t!  river  Batuan,  seems  the  only  one  known  by  name  to 
gijraphers.  The  island  is  thickly  interspersed  with  lakes, 
a  I  in  gome  parts  are  extensive  prairies.  The  products 
ciprise  gold,  rice,  wax,  cassia,  rattans,  tobacco,  and  pop- 
pj  e.xported  chiefly  to  Manila  and  the  adjacent  islands, 
'i  interior  is  peopled  by  Papuan  negroes.  The  Malays 
11  under  many  independent  chiefs,  the  principal  of  whom 
is  lie  Sultan  of  Mindanao.  Principal  towns,  Mindanao, 
Siboanga,  Cagayan,  Surigao,  and  Tandag.    Pop.  732,802. 

Jndanao,  a  town  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  the  island  of 
)  danao,  near  the  mouth  of  the  river  Pelangy,  in  the  Bay 

0  41anon,  and  contiguous  to  which  is  Selangan,  the  resi- 
d  '6  of  the  Sultan  of  Mindanao. 

f.indelheiin,  min'd§l-himc^  (anc.  7?o»'tru»i  Neno'n'te), 
a  i?n  of  Bavaria,  in  Swabia,  on  the  Mindel,  30  miles  S.W. 
o:  aigsburg.     Pop.  3205. 

inden,  min'd^n  (L.  Min'da),  a  strongly  fortified 
t(  I  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  on  the  AVeser,  and  on  the 
ri  ray  from  Berlin  to  the  Rhine,  60  miles  E.N.E.  of  Miin- 
sl  Besides  its  fortifications  and  barracks,  it  has  a  cathe- 
d  ,  Lutheran,  Roman  Catholic,  and  Calvinist  churches, 
iiral  hospitals,  schools,  and  public  institutions,  manufac- 
t(  s  of  woollen  and  linen  fabrics,  hosiery,  tobacco,  soap, 
&;  refined  sugar,  and  a  considerable  trade  on  the  river 
bi'een  Bremen  and  Central  Germany.  Minden  is  the 
«i  of  several  important  courts,  and  possesses  an  historical 
a  antiquarian  society.  It  was  the  residence  of  several  of 
tl  Mirly  German  emperors,  and  many  diets  have  been  held 
hi._    Pop.  17,075. 

inden,  a  government  of  Prussia,  AVestphalia,  bounded 
li  ind  N.W.  by  the  province  of  Hanover.  Area,  2028 
w  .re  miles.  It  belongs  to  the  basins  of  the  Weser,  Ems, 
a  Rhine.    Pop.  480,612. 

(in'den,  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  co.,  Ala. 

l-indcn,  a  post-village  in  Neola  township,  Pottawat- 
t)  lO  CO.,  Iowa,  on  Keg  Creek,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Rock 

1  nd  <t  Piiciflc  Railroad,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Council  BluSs. 
I  M  a  hotel,  a  steam  flouring-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  500. 

|!indcn,  a  post-village,  capital  of  AVebster  parish.  La., 
Shiles  E.N.E.  of  Shreveport,  and  2  or  3  miles  E.  of  the 
n,  gable  Dorcheat  River.  It  has  4  churches,  1  or  2  news- 
pjir  oflBces,  a  female  college,  and  the  Minden  Academy  or 
Wi  school.  Cotton  and  lumber  are  the  chief  articles  of 
«|)rt.    Pop.  1100. 

Jlinden,  a  post-village  in  Minden  township,  Sanilac 
ejMioh..  about  60  miles  E.  of  Bay  City,  and  10  miles  AV. 
Oliake  Huron.     It  has  a  foundry  and  3  general  stores. 

inden,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Kearney  co.,  Neb., 
»  niles  by  rail  AV.  by  S.  of  Hastings.  It  has  a  bank,  4 
JlspRper  oflSces,  and  manufactures  of  bricks,  lumber,  <feo. 
fl.in  1890,  1380. 

{inden,  a  post-township  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y., 
M't  30  miles  S.E.  of  Utica,  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
giawk  River.  It  has  a  fertile  soil  and  a  hilly  surface, 
n.  4685,    Minden  Post-Office  is  at  Fordsbush. 


Minden,  a  post-village  and  river-port  in  Peterborough 
CO.,  Ontario,  30  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Bobcaygeon.  It  contains 
2  churches,  6  stores,  and  3  hotels.     Pop.  160. 

Min'denville,  a  hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Mohawk  River  and  on  the  Erie  Canal,  about  9  milea 
S.E.  of  Little  Falls.     Pop.  about  100. 

Mindoro,  min-do'ro  or  meen-do'ro,  an  island  of  the 
Philippines,  Malay  Archipelago,  lat.  of  Cape  Calavite,  13° 
27'  N.,  Ion.  120°  21'  E.,  and  20  miles  S.  of  Luzon.  Esti- 
mated area,  4150  square  miles.  Pop.  70,926.  Surface 
mountainous,  and,  viewed  from  the  sea,  it  is  picturesque. 
Chief  town,  Calapan,  on  its  N.  coast. 

Mindoro,  Sea  of.    See  Sooloo  Sea. 

Mindoro,  La  Crosse  co.,  AVis.    See  Newton. 

Mine  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C. 

Mine'head,  a  seaport  town  and  parish  of  England,  c«>. 
of  Somerset,  on  the  Bristol  Channel,  22  miJes  W.N.AV.  of 
Bridgewater.  Pop.  1905.  The  town  bus  a  commodious 
harbor,  with  a  herring-fishery  and  coasting  trade. 

Minehead)  a  promontory  of  Ireland,  co.  of  AVaterford, 
on  the  Atlantic,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Ardmore. 

Mine  Hill,  Morris  co.,  N.J.     See  FEunOMONT. 

Mine  Hill  Gap,  a  hamlet  and  station  in  Schuylkill 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Mine  Ilill  &,  Schuylkill  Haven  Railroad,  2 
miles  N.  of  Minersville,  at  the  junction  of  a  short  branch 
railroad.     It  has  important  coal-mines. 

Mine  Kill  Falls,  a  post-office  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y., 
about  42  miles  AV.S.W,  of  Albany. 

Mine  La  Motte,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Mo., 
on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  <t  Southern  Railroad,  102 
miles  S.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  valuable  mines  of  lead  which 
have  been  worked  100  years  or  more;  and  cobalt,  malachite, 
and  other  minerals  are  found  here.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  smclting-furnace.     Pop.  about  300. 

Mineo,  me-n4'o  (anc.  Me'nie),  a  town  of  Sicily,  96  miles 
S.AV.  of  Catania,  on  an  eminence  near  a  sulphurous  lake, 
and  possessing  a  college.     Pop.  9337. 

Min^eo'la,  a  post-village  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  in  North 
Hempstead  township,  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  9  miles 
E.  of  Jamaica,  and  20  miles  E.  of  Brooklyn.  It  is  at  the 
junction  of  the  Hempstead  Branch  with  the  main  line,  and 
is  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Glen  Cove  Branch  Railroad.  It 
has  a  court-house.     Pop.  about  300. 

Mineola,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Texas 
&  Pacific  Railroad,  and  on  two  other  railroads,  77  miles  E. 
of  Dallas.  It  has  a  bank,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  3  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  1333. 

Mi'ner,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  South  Dakota,  has 
an  area  of  580  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Ver- 
milion River,  and  also  drained  by  Red  Stone  Creek.  The 
surface  is  an  undulating  prairie.  Capital,  Howard,  Pop. 
in  1880,  363;  in  1890,  5165. 

Miner,  a  station  in  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh  & 
Susquehanna  Railroad,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Wilkesbarre. 

Min'eral,  a  county  in  the  extreme  N.E.  part  of  West 
A'irginia,  borders  on  Maryland.  Area,  about  370  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.AV.  and  N.E.  by  the  North 
Branch  of  the  Potomac  River,  and  is  intersected  by  Patter- 
son's Creek.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  several  ridges  of 
the  Alleghany  Mountains.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile, 
and  produces  Indian  corn  and  wheat.  Bituminous  coal  is 
the  chief  article  of  export.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Balti- 
more &  Ohio  and  AVest  Virginia  Central  <fc  Pittsburg  Rail- 
roads. Capital,  Keyser.  Pop.  in  1870,  6332;  in  1880, 
8630;  in  1890,  12,085. 

Mineral,  a  township  of  Plumas  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  400. 

Mineral,  a  post-village  of  Bureau  co.,  111.,  in  Mineral 
township,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  <fc  Pacific  Railroad, 
42  miles  AV.  of  La  Salle.  It  has  a  graded  school,  a  church, 
and  an  elevator.  Coal  is  mined  near  this  place.  Pop.  250; 
of  the  township,  1034. 

Mineral,  a  township  of  Jasper  co..  Mo.    Pop.  1195. 

Mineral,  a  station  in  Eureka  co.,  Nev,,  on  the  Eureka 
&  Palisade  Railroad,  37  miles  S.  of  Palisade. 

Mineral,  a  post-village  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ma- 
rietta &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  50  miles  E.  of  Chillieothe.  It 
is  a  shipping-point  for  lumber. 

Mineral  City,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  line  between  Richland  and  Taylor  townships,  on  the 
Bedford,  Springville,  Owensburg  &  Bloomfield  Railroad. 
It  has  a  church,  a  coal-mine,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Mineral  City,  a  mining  hamlet  of  AVhite  Pine  co., 
Nov.,  about  35  miles  E.  of  Hamilton.    Silver  is  found  here. 

Mineral  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bee  co.,  Tex.,  55  miles 
S.AV.  of  Cuero. 

Mineral  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Elko  co.,  Nev.,  5  miles 
E.  of  Mineral  Station,  and  about  60  miles  S,  by  W.  of 


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Elko.      It  lias  a  church.     Pop.  212.    Silvor-iuinea  have 
boon  opened  horc. 

mineral  Park,  a  post- village  of  Mohnve  co.,  Aritona, 
about  i:{U  uiilo!)  W.N.W.  of  Pr«8eoU.  It  bat  a  riub  iUvli-- 
mine  and  a  quartz-uill.  Gold  is  said  to  bu  found  near  this 
pl;ioc. 

Mineral  Point,  a  post-haralet  of  Anderson  oo.,  Kansas, 
about  13  miles  (direct)  \V.  of  Gurnett,  and  3  miles  W.  hj  S. 
«f  Harris.     It  hiis  general  storfts,  <Lo. 

Mineral  Point,  a  post-village  of  Washington  oo., 
llo.,  on  the  St.  Louid,  Iron  Mountain  A,  Soutliorn  Railroad, 
CI  luilos  S.S.W.  of  St.  Louis,  and  4  miles  K.  of  I'otosi, 
vrith  which  it  is  connected  by  a  brunch  railroad.  Load  ar.d 
iron  are  foun<l  hero. 

Mineral  Point,  or  Mineral  City, a  noat-rillagc  of 
Tuscarawas  co.,  0.,  on  Sandy  Crook,  and  on  tho  Tusairau-aa 
Branch  of  the  Cleveland  &  Pittsburg  Kailrond,  12  miles 
K.E.  of  Nc\r  Philadelphia.  It  has  minus  of  cxcullont 
ttcam-ooiil.     Pop.  in  18UU,  8'J3. 

Mineral  Point,  a  post-village  of  Cambria  co.,  Pa.,  on 
Oonomaugh  Creek,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania  llailrond,  7 
miles  N.E.  of  Johnstown,  and  32  miles  W.S.W.  of  Altoona. 
It  has  a  church.     Coal  is  found  hero. 

Mineral  Point,  a  ^stl»tion  in  Somerset  co..  Pa.,  on  tho 
Pittsburg,  Washington  &  Baltimore  lluitroad,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  tho  Somerset  A  Mineral  Point  Railroad,  101  miles 
6.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Mineral  Point,  a  post-village  of  Iowa  co.,  AVis.,  in 
Mineral  Point  township,  about  45  miles  W.S.W.  of  Jladi- 
eon,  and  36  miles  N.K.  of  Dubuque,  lown.  It  is  tho  N. 
terminus  of  the  Mineral  Point  llailroad,  which  connects 
with  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  at  Warren.  It  contains 
2  banks,  a  high  school,  6  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  2 
foundries,  and  3  smclting-furnaccs  for  zinc.  Lead  is  mined 
in  tho  vicinity.     Pop.  3055;  of  township,  additional,  1527. 

Mineral  Rid^^e,  a  post-village  of  lioone  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Des  Moines  River,  about  30  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Fort 
Dodge,  and  10  miles  N.W.  of  Uoonc.  It  has  2  churches. 
Coal  is  found  hore.     Pop.  about  200. 

Mineral  llidge,  a  post-village  in  Weathersfleld  town- 
ship, Trumbull  co.,  0.,  on  tho  Atlantic  &  Great  Western 
Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of  Niles.  It  has  6  churches,  2  furnaces 
for  pig-iron,  a  money-order  post-office,  S  stores,  and  manu- 
factures of  wheels  and  bricks.  Coal  abounds  near  this 
place.     Pop.  in  1890  851. 

Mineral  Siding,  a  station  in  Guernsey  co.,0.,  on  the 
Central  Ohio  division  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  4 
miles  E.  of  Cambridge. 

Mineral  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Garrett  co.,  Md.,  9 
miles  from  Contiuence,  Pa.  It  has  a  grist-mill  und  a  woollen- 
factory. 

Mineral  Springs,  a  post-village  ond  summer  resort 
of  Howard  co..  Ark.,  25  miles  N.N.W.  of  Fulton.  It  has  3 
churches,  the  Southern  Arkansas  College,  a  llouring-mill, 
a  cotton-gin,  a  valuable  mineral  spring,  und  several  general 
stores.     Pop.  about  350. 

Mineral  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Pickens  co.,  Ga.,  15 
miles  N.  of  Canton,  and  about  5  miles  (direct)  S.  by  W.  of 
Jasper,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Mineral  Springs,  or  Cobleskill  (kob'^lz-kil)  Cen- 
tre, a  post-hamlet  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y.,  about  8  miles 
W.  of  Schoharie  Court-House.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw- 
mill, a  grain-cradle  factory,  a  wagon-factory,  a  picture- 
frnme-works,  and  general  stores.  Pop.  about  100.  Here 
is  Mineral  Springs  Post-Office. 

Mineral  Springs,  a  township  of  Richmond  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  1040. 

Mineral  Springs,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort  of 
Adams  CO.,  0.,  in  Meigs  township,  20  miles  N.  of  Rome. 
It  has  a  church,  a  hotel,  &c. 

Mineral  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  S.C. 

Mineral  Springs,  a  summer  resort  of  Marlborough 
•0.,  S.C,  7  miles  S.  of  Rennettsville. 

Mineral  Wells,  a  po.-it-office  of  Wood  co.,  W.  Va.,  3 
miles  from  Claysville  Station,  and  7  miles  from  Parkers- 
burg.     Here  is  a  summer  resort. 

Mincrbe,  me-nSn'bi,  a  town  of  Italy,  20  miles  S.E.  of 
Venma.     Pop.  3402. 

Minerbe,  or  Mincrbio,  me-nSn'be-o,  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  Emilia,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Bologna.     Pop.  7244. 

Mine  Ridge,  in  the  S.E.  part  and  extending  along 
the  K.  border  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  derives  its  name  from 
its  copper-mines,  which  are  no  longer  workotl. 

Mine  Road,  a  station  in  Spottsylvania  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Potomac,  Fredericksburg  &  Piedmont  Railroad,  6  miles 
W.  of  Fredericksburg. 

Mi'ner's  Delight',  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of 


Sweetwater  oo.,  Wyoming,   108  miles    from  Green  Hit 
Citv.     Gold  is  found  here  in  quartz  and  pincers. 

'Mi'ncrsville,  a  post-village  of  Trinity  c».,  C»I.,ob  t 
Trinity  River,  abaut  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Weaverville  Ud 
is  l'>iuiid  here.     l>op.  102.  * 

Minersville,  »  imst-offiee  of  Republic  oo.,  Kan«w, 

Miucrsvillc,  Mi.wouri.    See  Oko.no<}o. 

Minersvillc,  a  station  in  Otoe  co.,  Nob.,  on  tho  Mi 
souri  River,  and  on  the  Nebraska  Railroad,  0  milei  bok 
Nebraska  City. 

Minersville,  a  post-village  of  Meigs  oo.,  0,  on  tl 
Ohio  River,  nearly  2  miles  above  Pomoroy.  It  hM  mnni 
factures  of  salt  and  bromine,  and  is  supported  chiefly  I 
operations  in  coal,  which  is  mined  hore  in  largo  quantitit 
Here  are  4  churches. 

Minersvillc,  a  post-borough  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pn.,  e 
the  West  Branch  of  the  Schuylkill  River,  4  miles  w'.  t 
Pottsville,  and  about  30  miles  S.E.  of  Danville.  It  is  «iti 
ated  in  a  valley,  near  the  base  of  Broad  Mountain,  on 
bmnch  of  the  Philadelphia  A  Reading  Railroad.  lu  pro 
pcrity  is  mainly  derived  from  operations  in  anthracite  coi 
which  is  mined  here  in  the  Schuylkill  or  PotUvillo  bosii 
It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  national  bank,  10  churches, 
machine-shops,  and  manufactures  of  iron,  soap,  and  shoo 
Pop.  in  1890,  ."504.  It  is  connected  with  Mount  Carbon  b 
the  People's  Railroad. 

Minersville,  a  post-village  of  Beaver  co.,  Utah,  nboi 
120  miles  S.S.W.  of  Munti,  and  20  miles  S.  by  W.  o 
Beaver.  Silver,  iron,  and  lead  are  found  near  this  ploo 
It  has  a  church. 

Mine  Run,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  Va. 

Mine  Run  Furnace,  a  post-office  of  Sbonaodoa 

CO.,  \n. 

Mincr'va,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  Iowa,  in  Mi 
nerva  township,  about  40  miles  N. N.E.  of  Dos  Moines,  an 
14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Marshalltown.    I'op.  of  township,  fitff 

Minerva,  a  post-hamlctof  Labette  co.,  Kansas,  in  Elt 
Grove  township,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Oswego. 

Minerva,  a  post-village  of  Mason  co.,  Ky.,  about  1 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Maysville,  and  4  miles  from  the  Ohi 
River,     It  has  2  churches.     Poj).  159. 

Minerva,  a  post-town.ship  of  Esses  co.,  N.Y,  about  4 
miles  N.W.  of  AVhite  Hall,  is  traversed  by  the  Iludsoi 
River,  and  connected  with  Saratoga  Springs  by  the  Adiron 
dack  Railroad.  Its  surface  is  mountainous.  Here  are  bed 
of  iron  ore.     Pop.  902. 

Minerva,  a  post-village  of  Stark  co.,  0.,  on  Sandj 
Creek,  and  on  the  Tuscarawas  Branch  of  tho  Cleveland  i 
Pittsburg  Railroad,  72  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cleveland,  and  If 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Canton.  It  is  partly  in  Carroll  co.  I 
has  a  national  bank,  a  union  school,  a  ncw3]>apcr  office,  < 
churches,  a  machine-shop,  a  foundry,  and  manufactures  of 
carriages,  furniture,  Sitsh,  and  doors.     Pop.  in  1890,  ll;<9. 

Mincrvino,  me-niii-vce'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  provinw 
of  Bari,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Andria.     Pop.  13,844. 

Mines,  minz,  a  post-office  and  scattered  mining  villngt 
of  Bliiir  CO.,  Pa.,  and  the  S.  terminus  of  tho  Springfield 
Branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  30  miles  by  rail  E, 
of  Hollidaysburg.  Here  is  a  large  mine  of  iron  owned  by 
the  Cambria  Iron  Company. 

Mines,  a  station  in  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Bellefonte  i 
Snow  Shoo  Railroad,  3J  miles  W.  of  Snow  Shoe.  Here 
semi-bituminous  coal  is  mined. 

Minct'to,  a  post-village  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  on  tho 
Oswego  River,  and  on  tho  Oswego  <k  Syracuse  Railroad, 
about  5  miles  S.  of  the  city  of  Oswego.     It  has  a  church. 

Minevillc,  min'vil,  a  post-village  of  Essex  oo.,  N.Y., 
in  Moriah  township,  on  the  Lake  Champlain  A  Moriah 
Railroad,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Port  Henry.  It  has  2  cburchofl, 
and  rich  iron-mines.     Pop.  in  1890,  1844. 

Mincwithen,  one  of  the  SciLi-v  I.slands. 

Minga'ia,  an  island  of  tho  Hebrides,  near  their  S. 
extremity,  about  2  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pabba.  Length,  3 
miles. 

Mingan,  ming'gan,  a  post-village  in  Saguenay  co.,; 
Quebec,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Mingan  River,  opposite  tho  Mingan  Islands,  398 
miles  below  Quebec.  It  is  a  Hudson  Bay  Company's  jiost. 
The  inhabitants,  chiefly  Indians,  are  cngage<l  in  hunting 
and  fishing.     The  harbor  is  very  fine.     Pop.  500.  j 

Mingan  Islands,  a  group  of  29  isles  of  Canada,  in  tho  [ 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  N.  of  Anticosti,  extending  4s  miloi 
along  the  Labrador  coast. 

Mingan  River,  a  large  river  of  Quebec,  enters  tho  N.  ■ 
shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence  at  Mingan.  It  is  one  of  tho 
finest  salmon-streams  in  the  province,  and  excellent  for 
trout.     The  scenery  in  rear  of  this  stream  is  romantic. 


i 


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MIN 


Minglanilla,  min-gli-neel'yi,  a  village  of  Spain,  New 
Jastile,  44  miles  S.B.  of  Cuenca.     Pop.  1979. 

Mingo,  ming'go,  a  post-village  in  Wayno  township, 
Jliainpaign  co.,  0.,  46  miles  N.N.E.  of  Dayton. 

Uliiigo  Flat,  a  post-office  of  llandolpli  co.,  W.  Va. 

Klingo  Junction,  a  post- village  of  Jefferson  co.,  0., 
;  miles  S.  of  Steubenvillo.     It  has  2  ciiurchca. 

Jtlingrelia,  min-giee'le-3,  (Fr.  Mingrilie,  mduo^gri*- 
ce'-  Ger.  Mingrelien,  uiin-gri'Ie  ?n),  a  former  province, 
low  a  part  of  the  government  of  Kootais,  Russian  Trans- 
aucasia,  between  the  Blaelc  Sea  on  the  W.  and  the  Cau- 
asus  on  the  N.  Area,  2365  square  miles.  Pop.  70,000. 
ho  inhabitants  are  allied  in  blood  to  the  Georgians,  and 
lelong  mostly  to  the  Greek  Church. 

illiuho,  meen'yo  (Sp.  Miilo,  meen'yo  ;  ano.  Min'ius),  a 
Ivor  of  Spain  and  I'ortugal,  rises  in  Galicia,  30  miles  N.E. 
f  Santiago,  flows  E.,  S.,  and  W.,  latterly  bounding  Portu- 
;al  on  the  N.,  and  enters  the  Atlantic  near  Caminha,  52 
ailes  N.  of  the  mouth  of  the  Douro,  after  a  course  of  130 
fliles.    AfBuents,  the  Sil.  Avia,  and  Tea. 

Minho,  or  Entre-Douro-e-3Iinho,  fin'tri-dfi'ro- 
-meen'yo  (i.e.,  "  between  the  Douro  and  Minho"),  the  most 
orthern  province  of  Portugal,  having  W.  the  Atlantic,  and 
\.  the  Jlinbo.     Area,  2807  square  miles.     Pop.  973,332. 

Minieh,  or  Minyeh,  meo'ne-y?h,  a  town  of  Egypt, 
apital  of  a  jjrovince,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Nile,  136 
ailes  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Cairo.  It  has  earthenware  manu- 
vctures,  and  a  government  cotton-factory.     Pop.  11,000. 

Miiiier,  mi-ncer',  a  post-village  of  Tazewell  co..  111., 
7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bloomington.     Pop.  in  1890,  664. 

Mi'uing  City,  a  post-village  of  Butler  co.,  Ky.,  on 
Irecn  Iliver,  16  miles  from  Rookport  Station. 

Miu'ish,  an  island  off  the  W.  coast  uf  Ireland,  in  the 
alantic,  3  miles  W.  of  the  centre  of  Kilkerran  Bay. 

3Iiiiisiuk,  Orange  co.,  N.Y.     See  Gueenville. 

Min-Kiang,  a  river  of  China.    See  Min. 

Miu^neap'oiis,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ottawa  co., 
Kansas,  on  the  Solomon  Iliver,  and  on  the  Atchison,  To- 
eka  &  Santa  Fe  and  Union  Pacific  Railroads,  23  miles 
I'.W.  of  Solomon  City.  It  has  2  newspaper  oflices,  a  bank, 
church,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  flour,  &o.  Pop. 
J  1890,  1756. 

Minneapolis,  the  first  city  of  Minnesota  in  popula- 
on  and  im{M)rtance,  and  in  population  the  eighteenth  of 
le  United  States,  the  capital  of  Hennepin  co.,  is  situated 
a  both  banks  of  the  Mississippi  River,  at  the  Falls  of  St. 
nthony,  10  miles  W.  by  N.  of  St.  Paul.  It  is  near  lat. 
4"  58'  N.  and  Ion.  93°  18'  W.  Its  invigorating  climate 
as  given  it  great  repute  as  a  health  resort.  The  winter 
,1  this  region  is  cold,  but  clear,  the  average  summer  tem- 
lerature  is  below  70°  F.,  and  the  autumn  is  long.  Built 
[pen  a  high  and  picturesque  table-land,  Minneapolis,  with 
n  area  of  54  square  miles,  is  laid  out  with  reguhirity,  and 
lany  of  its  intersecting  streets  are  from  80  to  100  feet  in 
idih.  The  river  is  spanned  by  9  highway  and  6  railroad 
ridges,  most  of  them  built  of  iron,  and  several  of  them 
reat  works  of  engineering.  The  city  has  a  park  area  of 
.500  acres  (valued  at  more  than  $4,000,000).  including  22 
arkg,  8  parkways  and  boulevards,  4  large  lakes,  and  the 
nils  of  Minnehaha.  Natural  advantage.'',  liberally  de- 
eloped,  are  making  Minneapolis  a  city  of  great  beauty, 
[ere  is  the  seat  of  the  University  of  Minnesota,  non-see- 
irinn,  and  providing  free  tuition  and  equal  privileges 
irboth  sexes.  It  was  founded  in  1868,  and  has  now  1400 
.ttdents,  a  large  library,  buildings  which  cost  $600,000,  a 
impus  of  45  acres,  and,  connected  with  its  agricultural 
>llege,  an  experimental  farm  250  acres  in  extent.  Its  8 
epartments  are  well  organized  and  conducted.  Hero  is 
Iso  Augsburg  Theological  Seminary,  now  in  its  twenty- 
fth  year,  and  just  without  the  city  limits,  in  the  Midway 
•iatrict,  are  Hamline  University  and  Macalester  College, 
he  public-school  system  of  Minneapolis  holds  high  rank, 
he  city  has  50  school  buildings,  4  high  schools,  540  teach- 
■8,  and  22,000  pupils.  There  are  also  many  private  and 
arochial  schools.  Besides  2  opera-houses  and  2  theatres, 
linneapolis  has  several  music  and  assembly  halls,  one, 
lat  of  the  Exposition  building,  with  a  seating  capacity  of 
M'OO.  Among  the  admirable  structures  of  the  city  is  the 
ablio  library,  finished  in  1889  iit  a  cost  of  $270,000,  con- 

ining  50,000  volumes  and  commodious  reading-rooms. 
1  this  building  also  are  quartered  the  Society  of  Fine  Arts 
id  the  Academy  of  Science.  Other  great  buildings  are 
le  Syndicate  Block,  the  New  York  Life,  the  Lumber  Ex- 
lange,  the  West  Hotel,  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Asso- 
ation,  the  masonic  temple,  and  the  Guaranty  Loan 
Hiding.  This  last,  erected  at  a  cost  of  $1,500,000  and 
ivering  half  an  acre,  is  perhaps  the  grandest  office-build- 


ing in  the  world.  .  These  all  are  constructed  of  varieties 
of  Minnesota  building-stone.  A  new  edifice  for  city  hall 
and  court-house  combined  is  now  being  erected,  the  cost 
of  which  when  completed,  including  the  site,  is  estimated 
at  about  $4,000,000.  This  city  has  extensive  water-,  gas-, 
and  electric-works.  Beautiful  suburbs  arc  rapidly  spring- 
ing up  around  it.  Lake  Minnetonka,  but  7  miles  away, 
and  accessible  by  3  lines  of  railroad,  is  already  a  favorite 
summer  resort.  In  the  Midway  District,  common  to  both 
Minneapolis  and  St.  Paul,  though  mostly  belonging  to  the 
latter,  are  tlie  4  thriving  villages  of  Merriam  Park,  St. 
Anthony  Park,  Ilamiine,  and  Macalester.  By  its  electric- 
car  system,  complete  within  its  own  limits,  Minneapolis 
has  also  hourly  communication  with  St.  Paul.  Minne- 
apolis has  167  churches,  connected  with  which  are  many 
missions  and  benevolent  societies;  7  private  and  2  publio 
hospitals,  and  2  free  dispensaries ;  philanthropic  institu- 
tions, among  which  are  the  Sheltering  Arms,  for  poor 
children,  the  Jones-Harrison  Home  for  aged  women,  the 
Catholic  Orphan  Asylum,  and  the  Washburn  Home  for 
orphans,  all  liberally  endowed.  In  this  city  are  many 
associations  for  purposes  of  intellectual,  assthetic,  moral, 
and  social  culture.  Here  are  published  63  periodicals,  in- 
cluding 3  prominent  dailies,  and  about  12  leading  weeklies 
and  several  valuable  semi-monthly  and  monthly  journal.'*. 
Ten  weekly  newspapers  are  supported  by  Scandinavian 
citizens.  With  its  magnificent  water-power,  Minneapolis 
now  ranks  seventh  among  the  manufacturing  cities  of  the 
country.  In  flour  and  lumber  products  it  is  the  foremost 
city  of  the  world,  its  20  flour-mills  having  a  daily  capacity 
of  44,000  barrels.  Its  asses.'ed  valuation,  based  upon  forty 
per  cent,  of  the  market  value  of  its  assessable  property,  is 
$138,000,000.  It  has  6  national  and  15  state  banks,  with 
an  aggregate  capital  of  $9,000,000.  Its  grain-elevator 
capacity  is  17,000,000  bushels;  yearly  flour  output,  $35,- 
000,000;  lumber  output,  $6,000,000;  savings  deposits, 
$5,000,000.  The  number  of  railroads  entering  the  city  is 
15.  Pop.  in  1870.  13,006.  or  including  St.  Anthony  (in- 
corporated with  Minneapolis  in  1873),  18,079;  in  1880, 
46,887;  in  1890,  164,738. 

Min^ncha'ha,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  South  Da- 
kota, borders  on  Minnesota.  Area,  about  790  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Big  Sioux  River.  The  surface  is 
undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies 
and  lakes.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Capital,  Sioux  Falls.  Pop. 
in  1870.  355;  in  1880,  8251 ;  in  1890,  21,879. 

Miu^neis'lia,  a  small  river  of  Minnesota,  drains  the  S. 
part  of  Wabasha  co.  and  the  N.  part  of  Winona  co.,  and 
enters  the  Mississippi  Iliver  at  the  village  of  Minneiska. 

Minneiska,  a  post- village  of  Wabasha  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Minneiska  township,  and  on  the  Mississippi  Iliver,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Minneiska  River,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Winona. 

Minneola,  Texas.     See  Mineola. 

JHinneota,  Lyon  co.,  Minn.    See  Norland. 

Minnequa (min-ne-kwaw', or Minncquo i  Springs^ 
a  post-ofiice  and  summer  resort  in  Canton  township,  Brad- 
ford CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  41  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Williarasport,  and  36  miles  S.  of  Elmira.  It  is 
situated  in  a  glen,  among  high  hills,  and  has  a  large  hotel. 
Here  are  mineral  springs,  which  contain  calcium,  sodium, 
manganese,  carbonic  acid,  boracio  acid,  silica,  <fec. 

Alin^ieso'ta,  a  state  of  the  American  Union,  in  the  N. 
part  of  the  Mississippi  Valley,  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
province  of  Manitoba,  Canada,  on  the  E.  by  Lake  Superior 
and  the  state  of  Wisconsin,  on  the  S.  by  Iowa,  and  on  the 
W.  by  the  states  of  North  Dakota  and  South  Dakota.  It3 
extreme  northern  limit  is  lat.  49°  N.  (except  that  there 
is  a  small  detached  area  N.W.  of  the  Ijake  of  the  Woods, 
with  a  few  islands  in  that  lake,  lying  N.  of  that  par- 
allel), but  eflstward  from  the  Lake  of  the  Woods  the  line 
ascends  Rainy  Lake  River  and  a  chain  of  small  lakes 
and  streams  to  Mountain  Lake,  whence  it  passes  by  a  very 
short  portage  to  the  head- waters  of  the  Arrow  River,  which 
stream  it  follows  to  Pigeon  River,  down  which  it  pa.sses 
to  Pigeon  Bay,  Lake  Superior.  The  rivers  St.  Croix  and 
Mississippi  constitute  the  principal  portion  of  the  eastern 
line,  S.  of  the  point  where  it  leaves  Lake  Superior.  The 
southern  limit  is  lat.  43°  30'  N.  On  the  W.  it  has  the  Red 
River  of  the  North,  with  Lakes  Traverse  and  Big  Stone, 
southward  from  which  the  line  follows  the  meridian  of  97° 
W.     Area,  83,365  square  miles. 

Face  of  the  Country. — Conspicuous  features  are  the  great 
marshes  of  the  N.E.,  covered  with  a  small  growth  of  tam- 
arack and  fir,  with  low,  parallel,  pjne-clad  ridge.s  of  dry 
land  ;  the  groat  white-pine  belt,  which  covers  nearly  one- 
third  of  the  state,  chiefly  northeastward  of  the  Mississippi 
Iliver,   and    extends    indefinitely  northward;    the  "Big 


MIN 


1844 


MIN 


Woods,"  a  strip  of  forest-lRnd,  covered  with  oalc,  elm,  innple, 
uti,  »nd  other  deciduou.i  troes,  runninp;  southward  from 
Crow  Wing  Kivor  to  within  about  60  miles  of  tho  Iowa 
line, — this  tniot  boinjf  about  lOl)  inilos  long  and  40  wide, 
witli  an  exoeodinjjiy  fertile  black  soil;  tho  productive  and 
beautiful  rolling  country  in  tho  S.B. ;  tho  great  undulating 
urairies  of  tho  S.  and  S.W.,  gradually  ajiecnding  to  tho 
N.W.  central  "ilcight  of  Land,"  or  Hauteur  des  Torres. 
From  the  utmost  source  of  the  Missitisippi  (height,  1080 
fvet)  tho  country  falls  somewhat  rapidly  northward,  tho 
Lake  of  tho  Woods  being  only  V77  foct  in  height,  and  tho 
Rod  Itivor  at  St.  Vincent  only  7U2  foot.  Much  of  the  Red 
Kirer  valley  is  apparently  a  dead  level.  The  most  remark- 
able ascent  in  the  state  is  from  Lake  Superior,  000  feet,  to 
the  crest  or  edge  of  its  surrounding  plateau  (1351)  feet),  the 
ascent  of  759  feet  being  made  in  a  few  miles.  Tho  lowest 
point  on  the  Mississip))i  has  an  elevation  of  600  feet. 

Hydroyraphjf, — A  remarkable  feature  of  Minnesota  is 
formed  by  its  myriads  of  clear  lakes,  varying  in  size  from 
a  few  acres  up  to  great  bodies  of  water  like  Leech,  Ilcd, 
Mille  Lacs,  Cass,  Vermillion,  and  other  lakes,  some  of  them 
singly  covering  hundreds  of  square  miles.  Tho  lakes  are 
said  to  exceed  7000  in  number,  and  to  covor  more  than 
2,500,000  acres.  These  lakes  are  conspicuously  frequent 
along  tho  divides  or  watersheds.  Of  these  the  Height  of 
Land,  whore  tho  head-streams  of  tho  Mississippi  originate, 
has  an  elevation  of  1680  foet.  Lake  Itasca  is  tho  recep- 
tacle of  these  parent  streams,  and  is  regarded  as  the  birth- 
place of  tho  Mississippi.  The  northeastern  border  of  tho 
stiite  is  in  tho  St.  Lawrence  basin ;  tho  N.  and  N.W.  in  that 
of  Hudson's  Bay ;  tho  extremo  S.W.  in  the  valley  of  the 
Missouri;  and  many  of  its  lakes,  especially  westward,  have 
no  outlets ;  but  the  greater  part  of  tho  state  is  in  tho  proper 
valley  of  the  Upper  Mississippi.  Minnesota  is  therefore  a 
remarkable  hydrographio  centre.  Tho  principal  streams 
of  the  state  are  the  Mississippi,  and  its  tributaries,  direct 
or  indirect,  the  Crow  Wing,  Rum,  Crow,  St.  Croix,  Minne- 
sota, Mankato,  Elk,  Ac;  the  St.  Louis  and  the  numerous 
other  affluents  of  Lake  Superior;  tho  Red  River,  with  its 
tributaries,  in  tho  N.W. ;  tho  Rainy  Lake  River,  with  its 
Big  and  Little  Forks,  and  other  affluents.  Tlie  larger 
streams  of  those  just  named  are  all  navigable  to  a  greater 
or  less  extent  by  steamboats  at  high  water,  except  in 
winter;  and  the  lake-chains  and  swift  streams  of  the  N. 
ore  the  principal  highways  of  that  lonely  region,  being 
traversed  by  hardy  voi/ageura  with  the  birch  canoe,  a  con- 
veyance which  in  winter  is  replaced  by  sledges  drawn  by 
dogs.  Many  of  the  streams  have  rapids  and  falls,  atlbrd- 
ing  abundant  water-power,  and  the  lakes  and  rivers  abound 
in  valuable  fishes. 

Tlie  Climate  in  winter  is  severe,  and  in  the  N.  is  in- 
tensely cold ;  but  it  is  everywhere  very  equable  when  com- 
pared with  that  of  the  Atlantic  seaboard.  It  is  a  matter 
of  frequent  remark  that  the  dry  and  steady  cold  of  Minne- 
sota is  much  more  endurable  than  that  of  a  Now  England 
winter.  The  winters  throughout  most  of  the  state  are 
short,  and  spring  and  autumn  are  long  and  pleasant  sea- 
sons;  but  at  Duluth  the  spring  is  usually  wet,  and  is  re- 
garded as  the  most  disagreeable  season  of  the  year.  The 
rainfall  seems  not  very  copious,  when  compared  with  that 
of  the  seaboard ;  but,  Avhat  is  of  more  importance,  it  is  well 
distributed  throughout  the  year,  and  its  waters  are  well 
husbanded  in  tho  numerous  lakes  of  the  state.  These  lakes 
are  believed  to  mitigate  tho  frosts  of  the  late  spring  and 
early  autumn,  and  to  add  to  tho  frequency  of  summer 
showers.  The  rapid  spread  of  tho  wooded  area  since  the 
incoming  of  civilization  is  believed  to  exercise  a  favorable 
influence  upon  tho  rainfall  and  the  temperature.  The  ex- 
treme S.W.  of  the  state  is  somewhat  exposed  to  drought,  as 
well  as  to  tho  ravages  of  the  grasshopper,  or  Rftcky  Moun- 
tain locust  (Calopteiius  spretim).  The  dry  air  and  oven 
temperature  of  Minnesota  have  given  it  a  wide  reputation 
as  a  sanitary  resort  for  persons  sufibring  from  pulmonary 
complaints. 

Geology. — In  the  N.E.  and  N.  the  prevalent  formation  is 
Laurentian,  but  tho  strata  are  nearly  everywhere  deeply 
covered  with  drift,  often  heaped  in  long,  low  ridges,  with 
sphagnous  swamps  of  stunted  tamarack  between.  Along 
Lake  Superior  it  is  flanked  by  a  tract  of  Silurian  ago  (hero 
much  broken,  and  metamorphosed  by  dikes  of  igneous  rock). 
This  tract  passes  southward,  and  is  continuous  with  the  Si- 
lurian strata  of  Wisconsin  and  Iowa.  Another  strip  of  the 
Silurian  reaches  from  the  N.W.  angle  of  the  state  south- 
eastward to  the  "  Big  Woods"  region.  The  remainder  of 
Minnesota  is  mostly  of  cretiieeous  age,  save  that  in  the  S. 
there  is  a  small  tract  of  the  Devonian,  and  in  the  S.W. 
tbere  is  a  very  considerable  area  containing  azoio  rocks, 


conspicuous  among  which  are  the  interesting  Sioux  quarl 
ite  and  the  rwl  pipostono.  Among  useful  minornls  wo  m: 
notice  iron  and  probably  other  valuable  ores  in  the  Lu 
Superior  country  ;  peat,  which  is  incxlmuHtiblo  in  soi 
parts,  and  which  is  somewhat  utilized  in  placci  where  oth 
fuel  is  scarce;  slate,  on  the  river  St.  Louis;  gntnito,  gncii 
8andst<me,  magnesiun  limestone,  and  other  rock  suitablo  f 
building-material.  The  Sioux  quartzite  is  a  rough  but  e 
cccdingly  durable  stone.  The  Indians  formerly  u«el  tl 
red  pipostone  in  fashioning  tobacco-pipes.  Lead  ores  ha 
been  traced,  and  pieces  of  cop])er  have  been  taken  from  tl 
drift.  In  tho  W,  tho  state  owns  a  number  of  salt-bearii 
tracts  of  largo  pro8))octive  value. 

OliJecU  of  Intercut  to  TourUtH. — Lake  Pepin  and  oth 
portions  of  the  Mississippi  aro  bordered  by  wild  ond  ii 
spiring  scenery.  The  Falls  of  St.  Anthony  and  of  Minn 
haha,  tho  Dalles  of  tho  St.  Louis  and  St.  Croix  Rivers,  ar 
the  great  Indian  pipestone-quarry,  which  was  regarded 
a  common  sanctuary  by  the  Indians,  who  long  concealed  i 
place  from  the  white  man,  arc  noted  objects  of  intcrct 
The  northern  forests  and  the  remoter  prairies  aflbrd  doc 
raccoons,  bears,  and  much  furred  and  feathered  game,  at 
the  beautiful  lakes  and  streams  are  tho  abode  of  trout,  pik 
pike-perch,  and  other  valuable  fishes. 

Vegetution. — Some  notice  is  given  above  of  the  grej 
extent  of  forests  of  Minnesota,  tjut  the  southwestern  an 
western  parts  of  tho  state  aro  in  general  but  scantily  woodei 
This  fact  has  already  greatly  ivssisted  in  the  rapid  dovoloi 
ment  of  agriculture,  tho  wooded  tr.acts  supplying,  at  lo 
prices,  abundance  of  timber  and  fuel  for  the  rest  of  tb 
state.  The  authorities  have  also  given  generous  bounti( 
to  encourage  arboriculture,  and  tho  area  of  comparativol 
treeless  land  is  rapidly  becoming  less.  Among  the  nativ 
fruits  are  crab-apples,  cranberries,  strawberries,  service  an 
buffalo  berries,  plums,  and  grapes.  The  Indians  former! 
subsisted  to  a  large  degree  upon  the  seed  of  an  intercstin 
and  abundant  native  cereal,  the  Zizania  aqnaiica,  or  wil 
rice,  tho  straw  of  which  is  now  employed  as  a  papcr-stocl 

AgricnllHral  Itetonrcea. — The  capacities  of  Minnesota  » 
a  wheat-producing  state  are  prodigious.  Spring  wbea 
succeeds  best  hero  ;  and  since  the  introduction  of  the  rocen 
new  processes  of  milling  and  bolting,  the  spring  wheat  o 
Minnesota  has  commanded  the  highest  market  prices,  an 
has  produced  a  greater  percentage  of  flour  than  any  winte 
wheat  will  give,  the  best  grades  heading  the  list  of  high 
priced  flours,  both  in  Eastern  and  Western  markets.  Of  lat 
the  California  system  of  extensive  wheat-ranches  has  beci 
imitated  here  to  some  extent,  with  promising  results.  Th 
northwest,  even  as  far  as  the  Manitoba  line,  is  a  fine  wheat 
country,  and  most  parts  of  tho  state  are  very  fruitful  ol 
maize.  The  other  principal  crops  are  potatoes  (here  ol 
peculiar  excellence),  oats  (which,  unlike  most  of  the  oat 
of  the  United  States,  are  well  adapted  for  the  productioi 
of  oat-meal  for  human  food),  barley,  hops,  flaxseed,  an( 
hay.  Cattle,  horses,  swine,  and  wool  are  largely  shipped  t( 
the  seaboard  ;  and  the  slaughter  and  packing  of  pork  is  ai 
important  industry.  Hardy  varieties  of  the  apple  are  cuU 
tivated  in  tho  state,  which  is  already  becoming  a  fruit-| 
growing  region.  The  northeastern  marshes  might  rca<lilj! 
be  adapted  to  cranberry-culture.  Wool-growing  is  an  in-j 
dustry  for  which  the  southwest  is  believed  to  be  especiailji 
adapted.  Maple  sugar  is  one  of  the  important  products  of 
the  state. 

Manufacturea. — The  presence  of  practically  unlimited; 
water-power  in  a  state  abounding  in  dense  forests  of  th« 
most  valuable  timber  trees  and  producing  great  quantitic«j 
of  grain  and  wool,  and  j)oopled  with  energetic  and  intclli- 
gent  inhabitants,  has  insured  the  rapid  growth  of  its  manu-j 
factoring  interests.  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis,  Stillwater,  Ac.,; 
are  seats  of  active  and  varied  industrial  enterprises;  but 
the  production  of  flour  and  other  mill-products,  lumber, 
wooden-ware,  carriages,  furniture,  and  cooperage  takes  the 
lead,  and  assumes  very  large  proportions ;  boots,  shoes, 
lime,  bricks,  saddlery,  leather,  and  woollens  are  also  pro- 
duced to  no  small  amount  in  the  aggregate. 

Commerce,  dke. — Situated,  as  she  is,  at  the  head  of  navi- 
gation of  the  great  Mississippi  River  system,  which  places 
her  in  communication  with  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  at  the 
extremity  of  the  chain  of  Great  Lakes,  which,  with  the  St. 
Lawrence  River,  constitutes  a  water  hiahway  to  the  Athinlio 
Ocean,  Minnesota  has  a  favored  position  for  shipping  her 
products  to  both  home  and  foreign  markets.  An  extensive 
network  of  railways  also  furnishes  facility  for  a  more  rapid 
method  of  transportation. 

Kailroada.—lo.  1862  the  state  had  10  miles  of  railroad; 
in  1863,  31  miles;  in  1865,  213  miles;  in  1870, 1092  miles; 
in  1890,  6546  miles;   built  at  an  average  cost  of  about 


I 


MIX 


1845 


MIN 


)3  000  per  mile.  Three  of  the  railroads  cross  the  state 
om  E.  to  W.,  and  connecting  lines  run  direct  from  the  ex- 
enie  S.E.  to  the  X.W.  corner  of  the  state.  Numerous 
inor  lines  connect  all  the  leading  towns  with  one  another. 
Finances. — In  1858  a  railroad  debt  of  $2,275,000  was 
mtracted  in  aid  of  the  construction  of  certain  railroads; 
It  as  these  enterprises  all  fell  through,  the  state  refused 
pay  these  bonds.  The  state  debt  in  1890  was  $4,305,000, 
ade  up  of  $3,965,000  in  railroad  adjustment  bonds,  with 
iterestat4i  per  cent.,  and  $100,000  in  4  percent,  revenue 
id  building  bonds.  All  these  bonds  except  $1,686,000  are 
aid  by  the  permanent  school  fund  and  other  trust  funds. 
Eduction. — The  receipts  from  the  permanent  school  fund 
1  1S90  amounted  to  $862,048.  The  receipts  from  state 
k1  local  taxation  were  $2,749,135,  and  from  miscellaneous 
lurces  $812,157.  These  sums  constituted  the  available  sup- 
)rt  for  the  public  schools  of  various  grades.  There  are  state, 
)unty,  and  town  superintendents,  high  and  graded  schools 
1  the  principal  towns,  normal  schools  at  Winona,  Man- 
ato,  Moorhead,  and  St.  Cloud,  and  normal  courses  in  other 
hools.  There  is  a  state  university  at  Minneapolis,  with 
lliated  colleges  of  agriculture  and  mechanic  arts,  and  a 
umber  of  elective  courses  of  study.  The  university  is  open 
1  youth  of  either  sex.  Other  collegiate  institutions  are 
arleton  College,  Northfleld ;  St.  John's  College,  St.  Joseph  ; 
iJ  Agassiz  College,  Red  Wing.  There  are  also  a  good  num- 
;r  of  private,  parochial,  professional,  Indian  mission,  and 
her  schools.  Among  the  public  institutions  are  a  peni- 
ntiary  at  Stillwater  and  an  institution  for  the  deaf,  dumb, 
id  blind  at  Faribault.  One-eighteenth  of  the  entire  pub- 
;  domain  of  the  sttito  has  been  set  apart  as  school  land. 
rom  the  sales  of  this  land  and  its  timber  the  permanent 
hoil  fund  has  been  derived,  and  it  is  believed  that  not 
S3  than  $15,000,000  in  permanent  funds  will  be  derived 
om  this  source. 

The  Counties   number   80,  as  follows:    Aitkin,  Anoka, 

eckcr,  Beltrami,  Benton,  Big  Stone,  Blue  Earth,  Brown, 

iirlton.  Carver,  Ciiss,  Chippewa,  Chisago,  Clay,  Cook,  Cot- 

Uwood,  Crow  Wing,  Dakota,  Dodge,  Douglas,  Faribault, 

illmore,  Freeborn,  Goodhue,  Grant,  Hennepin,  Houston, 

ubbard,  Isanti,    Itasca,  Jackson,   Kanabec,   Kandiyohi, 

ittsoD,  Lac  Qui  Parle,  Lake,  Le  Sueur,  Lincoln,  Lyon, 

eLcod,  Marshall,  Martin,  Meeker,  Millo  Lacs,  Morrison, 

ower,  Murray,  Nicollet,  Nobles,  Norman,  Olmsted,  Otter 

lil,  Pine,  Pipe  Stone,  Polk,  Pope,  Ramsey,  Redwood,  Ren- 

!,lle,  Rice,  Rock,  St.  Louis,  Scott,  Sherburne,  Sibley,  Stearns, 

l.eele,  Stevens,  Swift,  Todd,  Traverse,  Wabasha,  Wadena, 

''aseca,  Washington,  Watonwan,  AVilkin,  Winona,  Wright, 

id  Yellow  Medicine. 

The  principal  cities  are  Minneapolis  (pop.  in  1890,  164,- 

;i8),  and  St.  Paul,  the  capital  (133,156),  forming  together 

le  greatest  centre  in  the  world   for  the  manuiacture  of 

bur;  Duluth  (33,115),  with  a  remarkably  advantageous 

linimercial  position  and  a  fine  harbor;  Winona  (18,208), 

illwater  (11,260),  Mankato  (8838),  St.  Cloud  (7686),  Fari- 

mlt(6520),  Red  Wing  (6294),  Brainerd  (5703),  Rochester 

•321),  Anoka   (4252),  Au^tin  (3901),  Owatonna  (3849), 

ergus  Falls  (3772),  New  Ulm   (3741),  Hastings  (3705), 

;.  Peter  (3671),  Crookston  (3457),  &c. 

The  constitution  was  adopted  in  1857.     The  governor  is 

losen  for  the  term  of  2  years.     Judges  are  elected  and 

rve  for  fixed  terms.    The  legislature  meets  biennially,  and 

f.n  sit  but  60  days.     Voters  must  have  lived  in  the  United 

ates  oneyear,  and  in  the  state  four  months.    The  state  has 

ven  representatives  in  Congress,  and  nine  electoral  votes. 

History. — That  part  of  Minnesota  E.  of  the  Mississippi 

i  ver  was  a  portion  of  the  original  domain  of  the  United 

jates,  and  has  belonged  successively  to  the  Northwest  Ter- 

j.ory,  and  to  the  territories  of  Indiana,  Illinois,  Michigan, 

'  isconsin,  and  Minnesota.     That  part  W.  of  the  Mississippi 

j«  included  in  the  Louisiana  purchase  from  France,  and 

\i  belonged  in  turn  to  the  District  of  Louisiana,  and  to 

fe  territories  of  Louisiana,  Missouri,  Michigan,  Wisconsin, 

jwa,  and  Minnesota,     Northern  Minnesota  anciently  was 

[0  abode  of  the  Chippeway  Indians,  and  the  rest  was  pos- 

Msed  by  bands  of  Sioux.     These  tribes  were  of  diverse 

ick,  and  were  deadly  enemies  of  each  other.     Fort  Snel- 

g  wiis  permanently  garrisoned  by  United  States  troops  in 

19,  and  a  portion  of  Lord  Selkirk's  Pembina  colony  early 

tied  in  the  extreme  N.W.,  believing  it  to  be  British  ter- 

ury.    Part  of  the  S.E.  section  of  the  sUte  was  for  a  short 

sae  a  part  of  the  state  of  Iowa.     In  1849  the  territory  of 

jinnesota  was   organized  with   nearly  twice   its  present 

3a.    In  1853  the  state  was  admitted  to  the  Union  with 

present  limits;  but  the  W.  portion  remained  Minnesota 

rritory  until  1861,  when  it  was  merged  into  the  new  ter- 

ory  of  Dakota,    During  the  war  of  1861-65  the  Indians 


committed  atrocious  massacres,  but  were  thoroughly  sub- 
dued by  the  United  States  troops.  The  Dakotas  were  then  re- 
moved from  the  state,  and  the  Chippeways  were  placed  upon 
reservations  in  the  remote  North.  The  part  borne  by  Min- 
nesota in  ihe  war  against  secession  was  highly  creditable  to 
her  people,  and  upon  the  return  of  peace  she  entered  upon 
a  career  of  conspicuous  prosperity. 

IDie  population  in  1850  was  6077;  in  1860,  172,023;  in 
1870,  439,706;  in  1880,  780,773,  The  population  in  1885 
(state  census)  was  1,118,486,  and  in  1890,  1,301,826,  show- 
ing a  gain  during  the  decade  of  66.74  per  cent.  There 
were  in  1890  6263  Indians  on  reservations  at  White  Earth, 
Red  Lake,  and  Leech  Lake.  The  people  of  Minnesota  have 
very  generally  emigrated  from  the  Northern  States,  and  of 
people  of  European  birth  the  Swedes,  Norwegians,  and 
Germans  predominate,  some  Danes  and  a  few  Finns  and 
Lapps  having  also  settled  within  the  state. 

Minnesota,  a  mining-camp  of  Sierra  co.,  Cal.,  20 
miles  N.E.  of  Nevada  City.     Gold  is  mined  here. 

Minnesota  City,  a  post-village  of  Winona  co.,  Minn., 
on  or  near  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee &  St.  Paul  and  Winona  &  St.   Peter   Railroads, 

6  miles  N.W.  of  Winona.  It  has  a  church  and  2  large 
flouring-mills. 

Minnesota  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Yellow  Medicine 
CO.,  Minn.,  in  a  township  of  its  own  name,  on  the  ^linne- 
sota  River,  and  on  the  Hastings  A  Dakota  Railroad,  63 
miles  W.  of  Glencoe.  It  has  a  church,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  manufactures  of  flour,  furniture,  and  lumber.  Pop. 
about  250;  of  township,  271. 

Minnesota  Junction,  a  post-village  in  Oak  Grove 
township.  Dodge  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago  ifc  Northwestern 
Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St. 
Paul  Railroad,  18  miles  N.  of  Watertown,  and  7  miles  E.  of 
Beaver  Dam.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  300. 

Minnesota  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Faribault  co,, 
Minn.,  on  a  small  lake,  in  a  township  of  its  own  name, 
and  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  Minnesota,  30  miles  S.  by 
E.  of  Mankato. 

Minnesota  River  (formerly  called  Saint  Peter's) 
issues  from  Big  Stone  Lake,  on  the  boundary  between  Da- 
kota Territory  and  Big  Stone  co.  of  Minnesota.  It  forms 
the  S.W.  boundaries  of  Chippewa  and  Renville  cos.,  and 
runs  nearly  southeastward  to  the  town  of  Mankato,  where 
it  abruptly  bends  towards  the  north.  Below  Belle  Plaine  it 
runs  northeastward,  and  forms  the  boundary  between  the 
COS.  of  Scott  and  Dakota  on  the  right,  and  Carver  and  Hen- 
nepin on  the  left,  until  it  enters  the  Mississippi  River  about 

7  miles  above  St.  Paul.  Its  length  is  estimated  at  425  miles. 
Small  steamboats  can  ascend  about  50  miles  from  its  mouth 
during  high  water.  It  traverses  a  fertile,  undulating  coun- 
try, diversified  with  prairies  and  small  lakes. 

Min^neton'ka, a  post-village  in  Minnetonka  township, 
Hennej)in  co.,  Minn.,  about  2  miles  E.  of  the  lake  of  the 
same  name,  at  St.  Alban's  Station  on  the  St.  Paul  k  Pacifio 
Railroiid,  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Minneapolis.  It  has  1  or  2 
churches,  a  flouring-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  735. 

Minnetonka  Lake,  Minnesota,  is  in  Hennepin  co., 
about  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Minneapolis,  It  is  nearly  15 
miles  long,  has  a  very  irregular  or  diversified  shape,  and 
presents  an  admirable  labyrinth  of  islands,  promontories, 
and  sinuous  shores.     It  is  an  attractive  summer  resort, 

Min'netris'ta,  a  post-township  of  Hennepin  CO.,  Minn., 
about  32  miles  W.  of  St.  Paul,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
Minnetonka  Lake,     Pop.  705, 

Minnewaska,  min^nee-w&s'ki,  a  popular  summer  re- 
sort of  Ulster  CO.,  N.Y.,  about  8  miles  W,  by  S.  of  New 
Paltz.     Here  are  2  hotels  on  a  lake  of  the  same  name. 

MinneAvankan,  min'ne-waw-k^n,  sometimes  errone- 
ously spelled  Minnewaukou,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Benson  co.,  N.D.,  56  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Carrington.  It 
has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graiu-elevator,  and  gen- 
eral stores.     Pop.  about  450. 

Minni  Wakan,  min'nee  wi-kin',  a  name  formerly  ap- 
plied to  Devils  Lake,  in  North  Dakota,  in  the  N.E.  part 
of  the  state.  This  lake  forms  part  of  the  boundary  between 
Benson  and  Ramsey  cos.  Length,  about  40  miles :  greatest 
width,  nearly  12  miles,  with  no  visible  outlet.  The  water 
is  saline.     Its  surface  is  1467  feet  :ibove  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Minnon,  a  river  of  Persia.     See  Meenab, 

Miti^no'ra,  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  co.,  W,  Va, 

Miiio,  a  river  of  Spain.     See  Miniio. 

Minong,  m§-nong',  a  post-village,  capital  of  Isle  Royalo 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  island  of  Isle  Royale,  in  Lake  Superior, 
about  60  miles  N.  of  Houghton.     Here  is  a  copper-mine, 

Minoa,  the  ancient  name  of  Moxemvasia. 

Minonk,  mi-nunk',  a  post-village  of  Woodford  co.,  lU., 


MIN 


1846 


MIQ 


ftt  tlie  junction  of?  niilrondo,  29  niles  N.  of  Blooralngton, 
ami  118  miles  8.W.  of  Chicago.  Coalis  mined  here.  Ithua 
grHcied  sohool,  a  now^tpnper  offloe,  2  banks,  8  churohen,  and 
a  flour-mill.     Pop.  in  ISUO,  2.'<1A;  of  the  tovrnahip,  3398. 

Minoo'ka,  a  post-villa<^  in  Anx  Sable  township, 
Orundr  co.,  III.,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacino 
KuilroaJ,  lU  milos  W.S.W.  of  Joliet,  and  about  24  miles  S. 
•f  Aurora.  It  has  2  ohurohos,  a  graded  school,  and  a  bank- 
ing-house.    Pop.  about  500. 

Miuooka,  a  village  in  Lackawanna  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Lehigh  &  Susquolmnnii  Ilailroad,  li  miles  S.W.  of  Scranton. 
It  has  4  coal-broakors  and  a  Catholic  church, 

Miliorca«  min-or'ki^  (L.  ffalea'n'i  Mi'nor  and  Min- 
or'ca  ;  Sp.  Menorc»,  m4-noR'k&;  Fr.  Mlnorqite,  moo^nonk' ; 
Dutch,  Minorka,  mo-non'k&;  named  from  its  being  the 
"smaller"  (in  Latin,  minor)  of  the  two  principal  Balearic 
Islands.  In  like  manner  MAJOitcA  derives  its  name  from 
the  Latin  major,  "greater"),  an  island  in  the  Moditerra- 
nean,  belonging  to  Spain;  between  lat.  39°  47'  and  40"  4' 
43"  N.,  Ion.  3° 48' and  4°  20'  E.;  length,  35  milos;  average 
breadth,  about  10  miles ;  area,  335  square  milos.  The  coast 
is  very  much  indented  on  all  sides  e-iicept  the  S.,  and  gen- 
erally presents  a  succession  of  bold  headlands  enclosing 
Bmall  creeks  and  bays.  Of  these  the  best  and  most  fre- 
quented is  Port  Mahon,  the  capital  of  the  island.  The 
surface  rises  from  all  sides  towards  tho  centre,  where  it 
becomes  mountainous,  attaining,  in  Mount  EI  Toro,  the 
height  of  about  5000  feet.  The  soil  is  not  generally  fer- 
tile, but  in  good  seasons  tho  wheat  and  barley  grown  are 
equal  to  the  consumption.  The  other  principal  jiroducts 
are  oil,  wine,  hemp,  flax,  oranges,  and  lemons.  Iron, 
copper,  and  lead  are  found  in  abundance,  and  superior 
marble,  porphyry,  and  alabaster  exist  in  several  districts. 
Tho  first  possessors  of  Minorca  were  the  Carthaginians,  who 
drew  from  it,  in  common  with  tho  other  islands  of  the  Ba- 
learcs,  a  number  of  excellent  slingers,  who  distinguished 
themselves  during  Hannibal's  wars  in  Italy.  It  afterwards 
iwssed  successively  into  the  hands  of  the  Romans,  tho  Van- 
dals, and  tho  Moors.  The  last  were  expelled  in  1 285  by  the 
Spaniards.  During  the  greater  part  of  the  eighteenth  cen- 
tury it  belonged  to  the  British,  who  finally  coded  it  to  Spain 
at  the  peace  of  Amiens.  For  administrative  purposes  it  is 
divided  into  the  four  districts  of  Mahon,  Alayor,  Mercadal, 
and  Ciudadela.     Pop.  39,005. 

Mi'nor  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Giles  co.,  Tenn.,  13  miles 
S.W.  of  Pulaski.     It  has  a  church. 

Minori,  me-no'ree,  a  town  of  Italy,  7  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Salerno,  near  the  Gulf  of  Salerno.     Pop.  3263. 

Mi'norsville,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co.,  Ky.,  15  miles 
E.of  Frankfort.  It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  and  a  plough- 
factory. 

Mi'nortOAVn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Litchfield  co.,  Conn., 
about  8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Waterbury.     It  has  a  grist-mill, 

Minot,  mi'n^t,  a  post- village  of  Androscoggin  co.,  Mc., 
in  Minot  township,  about  38  miles  N.  of  Portland,  and  6 
miles  N.W.  of  Lewiston.  It  has  several  churches.  The 
township  is  intersected  by  the  Portland  &  Oxford  Central 
Ilailroad,  and  contains  part  of  the  village  of  Mechanic 
Falls.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1569. 

Minot's  Ledge,  or  Colias'sct  Rocks,  Massachu- 
•etts  Bay,  an  extensive  reef  ofif  Cohasset  Bay,  about  16 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Boston.     Here  is  a  fixed  light  66  feet  high. 

MinoAV(mee'now)  Islands,  a  group  of  East  Africa,  in 
Mozambique  Channel,  oflF  the  N.W.  co.ast  of  Madagascar. 
Lat.  (N.  point)  12°  49'  30"  S.;  Ion,  48°  39'  E.  They  are 
about  27  m  number,  and,  with  the  exception  of  two  or  three 
which  are  low  and  of  coral  formation,  are  lofty  and  precipi- 
tous, presenting  ranges  of  basaltic  columns. 

Minpooree,  Mynpooree,  or  Mainpuri,  mln-poo'- 
ree,  a  district  of  India,  Agra  division,  North-Wcst  Prov- 
inces (lat.  26°  54'-27°  50'  N.,  Ion.  78°  30'-79°  30'  E.), 
bounded  S.W.  by  the  Jumna.  It  is  a  fertile  plain.  Area, 
1696  square  miles.     Capital,  Minpooree.     Pop.  765,845. 

Minpooree,  Mynpooree,  or  Mainpuri,  a  town  of 
India,  capital  of  Mynpooree  district,  72  miles  E.  of  Agra. 
Pop.  21,179. 

Minsh,  or  Minch,  mintch  ("Stormy  Sea"),  the  broad 
strait  which  separates  the  "sland  of  Lewis,  Hebrides,  from 
the  W.  coast  of  Scotland.  Mean  breadth,  about  35  miles. 
A  contraction  of  this  sound,  to  the  S.S.W.,  is  called  the 
Little  Minsh,  and  separates  the  middle  portion  of  tho  Outer 
Hebrides  from  the  island  of  Skye, 

Min-Siian,  or  Min-Chan,  min-  (or  meen-)  sh&n,  or 
Kicoo-Ting-Shan,  ke-fi-oo'-ting^-sh4n',  i.e.,  "moun- 
tain with  nine  lofty  summits,"  a  mountain  of  China,  prov- 
ince of  Se-Chuen,  in  lat.  31°  34'  N.,  Ion.  103°  E.  It  is 
eovered  with  perpetual  snovr. 


Minsk,  minsk,  a  government  of  llussia,  between  I 
61°  12'  and  56°  60'  N.  and  Ion.  25°  10'  and  :!0«  ii" 
Area,  34,710  square  miles.  Po|).  in  1870,  1,182  2:iO 
whom  about  100,000  were  Jews  and  40,000  of  Tartar' d 
scent.  Surface  level,  marshy,  and  lor  tho  most  part  inu 
dated  in  tho  spring;  principal  rivers,  the  Pripet*  ai 
Dnieper,  with  their  affluenU,  the  Boresina,  I'cchiw,  Ju 
and  it  is  partially  bounde<i  on  the  S.K.  and  the  W.  by  I 
Dilna  and  tho  Niemen.  More  grain  (ohiolly  rye)  is  rai» 
than  is  required  for  home  consumption  ;  hemp,  flux,  iiotai 
and  tar  are  other  important  products.  ForcHta  very  exle 
sive,  and,  next  to  agriculture,  the  people  are  moKtiy  oce 
pied  in  sawing  .ind  trading  in  timber.  Lincn-weannff  ai 
distilling  are  actively  carried  on.  Principal  towns,  Uiiu 
Bobruisk,  and  Slootsk. 

Minsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  capital  of  the  above  gover 
ment,  situated  on  an  affluent  of  the  Bcrusina,  at  a  railwi 
junction,  430  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Petersburg.  l>op.  64  M 
among  whom  are  many  Jews.  It  is  mostly  built  of  woo 
but  has  some  handsome  stone  edifices,  several  Greek  ni 
Roman  Catholic  churches,  a  synagogue,  a  theological  seiu 
nary,  and  a  large  theatre,  with  manufactures  of  woolh 
cloth  and  leather.  It  is  the  see  of  a  Greek  archbishop,  ai 
of  Roman  Catholic  nnd  United  Greek  bishops. 

Minister,  a  post-village  of  Auglaize  co.,  0.,  in  Jacks( 
township,  on  the  Miami  Canal,  about  20  miles  N.N.W.  ( 
Piqua,  and  30  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lima.  It  has  2  public  hull 
2  churches,  a  woollen-mill,  3  brick-yards,  a  grist-mill, 
saw-mill,  a  tile-factory,  Ac.     Pop.  in  ISOn.  1128. 

Miutao,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Mintow. 

Min'tcr,  a  post-office  of  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Seln 
&  Gulf  Railroad,  25  miles  S.  of  Selma. 

Mintcr  City,  a  post-office  of  Leflore  co.,  Miss. 

Mint  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Osngo  co..  Mo.,  12  mi!« 
6.E.  of  Chamois  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Mint  Hill,  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.C.     Sec  Ci.KAnCRKKii 

Mint'law,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Aberdeen,  at 
railway  junction,  28  miles  N.  of  Aberdeen.     Pop.  413. 

Min'to,  a  parish  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Roxburgh,  with 
village  on  tho  Teviot,  5i  miles  N.E.  of  Hawick. 

Min'to  Island,  in  the  Pacific,  forms,  with  Bedfor 
and  Melbourne  Islands,  a  group  of  the  Dangerous  Arohi 
pelago,  and  was  discoveretl  by  Lord  E.  Russell  in  1837.  Lai 
21°  23'  S. ;  Ion.  136°  32'  W. 

Miu'ton,  a  post-ofiico  of  Worth  oo.,  Ga.,  20  miles  E.  o 
Albany. 

Min'tonsville,  township,  Gates  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  118.3 

Min'tonvillc,  a  post-hamlet  of  Casey  co.,  Ky.,  64  mile 
S.  of  Lexington.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  tannery, 

Min'toAV,  or  Mintao,  min-tCfw,  written  also  Bfiut< 
and  Muntock,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Banca,  Mala; 
Archipelago,  near  its  W.  coast. 

Min'turn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co..  Ark.,  on  th 
Cairo  &  Fulton  Railroad,  113  miles  N.E.  of  Little  Rock 
It  has  a  steam  mill  and  a  cotton-gin. 

Minturn,  a  station  in  Fresno  eo.,  Cal.,  on  the  Visalij 
division  of  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  38  miles  N.N.W 
of  Fresno. 

Minucciano,  mc-noot-ch4'no,  a  fortified  town  of  Italy, 
27  miles  N.N,W,  of  Lucca.     Pop.  2250. 

Miniidie,  mee-noo-deo',  a  post-village  in  Cumberland 
CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Amherst.     Pop.  000. 

Minussinsk,  mee-niis-sinsk',  a  town  of  Siberia,  gov- 
ernment of  Yeniseisk,  on  the  Yenisei  River,  about  200  milei 
S.  of  Yeniseisk.     Pop.  4434. 

Minyeh,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Mi.tiEH, 

Mioglia,  me-ol'yi,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Genoii,  S.  of  Acqui,     Pop.  1018. 

Mios,  me-os',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gironde,  23  miles 
S.W.  of  Bordeaux,  on  tho  Ley  re.     Pop.  1000.  , 

Miosen,  or  Mjosen,  me-o'z?n,  the  largest  lake  ol' 
Norway,  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Christiania.  Length,  55  miles;! 
greatest  breadth,  12  miles.  It  receives  the  Lougcn  River, 
and  discharges  its  surplus  waters  S.  by  the  Wormen  into  the 
Glomraen. 

Mios-Vand,  mec'os-vaml,  a  Lake  of  Norway,  in  the 
Filleficld,  at  tho  N.  foot  of  the  lofty  Mount  Orindaden,  in 
tho  S.W.  province  of  Christiania.  Length,  about  24  miles; 
breadth,  not  more  than  1  mile. 

Mipibu,  me-pe-boo',  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Rio 
Grande  do  Norte,  on  Lake  Papari,  40  miles  .S.S.W.  of  Nutal, 
and  20  miles  from  the  sea.     Pop.  2000. 

Miquelon,  mik'§h-lon',  or  more  properly  mee'k?h- 
Ift.v',  two  united  islands  off  the  S.  coast  of  Newfoundland, 
forming,  with  the  adjacent  island  of  St.  Pierre,  a  colony 
belonging  to  France,  with  an  area  of  85  square  miles. 
Great  Miquelon  is  in  lat,  47°  4'  N„  Ion,  56°  20'  W .,  and 


MIR 


1847 


MIR 


immediately  S.  of  it  is  Little  Miquelon,  or  Langlet  Island 
(which  see).  Fishing  is  almost  the  sole  occupation  of  its 
inhabitants.    See  Saint  Pieiike. 

Mirn*  meo'ri,  a  river  of  South  America,  republic  of 
Ecuador,  rising  in  the  Andes,  flows  N.W.,  and  enters  the 
Pacific  by  several  mouths  near  lat.  1°  ;^6'  N. 

M ira,  meo'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  10  miles  W.  of  Venice,  on 
the  Brenta  Morta.     Pop.  8837. 

Mira,  mee'ri,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Beira, 
near  the  Atlantic,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Coimbra.     Pop.  6002. 

Mira,  a  town  of  South  America,  in  Ecuador,  near  the 
source  of  the  river  Mira,  65  miles  N.E.  of  Quito. 

illira,  mee'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  40  miles 
S.E.  of  Cuenca.     Pop.  1152. 

Mirabel,  meeVd'bSl',  a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn-et- 
Garonne,  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Montauban. 

Mirabel  aiix  llaronnies,  mecVa^bJl'  o  biVon^neo', 
a  village  of  France,  in  Dr6me,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Nyons. 

Mirabella,  me-ri-bdl'li,  a  city  of  Italy,  province  of 
Avellino,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Bencvcnto.     Pop.  5979. 

Mirabella,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Catania,  8 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Caltagirone,     Pop.  3543. 

Mirabello,  me-ri-bfil'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Alessandria,  8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Casalo.     Pop.  3055. 

Mirabello,  a  village  of  Italy,  3  miles  N.  of  Pavia. 
Here  the  battle  of  Pavia  was  fought  in  1525,  when  the 
French  king,  Francis  I.,  was  taken  prisoner.  Pop.  of 
commune,  1765. 

Mirabello,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  3  mileg  S.  of 
Campobasso.     Pop.  2605. 

Mirabile,  me-r3,b'e-le,  a  post-village  in  Mirabile  town- 
ship, Caldwell  co..  Mo.,  about  48  miles  N.N.E.  of  Kansas 
City.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  3  stores.  Pop.  140  ;  of  the 
township,  931. 

Miracle  (mir'a-k'l)  Run,  a  post-hamlct  of  Monongalia 
CO.,  W.  Va.,  13  miles  E.  of  Burton.     It  has  a  church. 

Mi'ra  Creek,  a  post-ofBco  of  Valley  co..  Neb. 

Miradoux,  me'raMoo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gers,  7 
miles  N.E.  of  Loctoure.     Pop.  1562. 

Miraflores,  me-ri-flo'rfis,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
md  17  miles  N.N.W.  of  Madrid,     Pop.  1664. 

Miraflores,  me-ri-flo'rSs,  a  village  of  the  Argentine 
[Republic,  province  and  100  miles  S.E.  of  Salta,  on  the 
palado. 
:    Miraflores,  a  town  of  Peru.    See  Sana. 

Mi'ra  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Floyd  co.,  Va. 

Mirage,  me-razh',  a  station  in  Elbert  co..  Col.,  on  the 
\ansa3  Pacific  Railroad,  115  miles  E.S.E.  of  Denver. 

Mirage,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kearney  co.,  Nob.,  12  miles 
'.  of  Kearney  Junction. 

Mirage,  a  station  in  Churchill  co.,  Nov.,  on  the  Central 
/"acifie  Railroad,  31  miles  N.E.  of  AVadsworth. 

Miragoane,  mee^RiVwJn',  a  town  of  Ilayti,  on  the  S. 
oast  of  the  Bay  of  Gona'ives.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  has  a 
;ood  harbor  and  a  mineral  spring,  and  ships  logwood,  coffee, 
tioney,  and  lemons. 

Mi'ra  Gut,  or  Mi'ra  Bay,  a  post-hamlet  in  Cajre 
'Jreton  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  at  the  mouth  of  Mira  River  in 
he  Atlantic  Ocean,  7  miles  from  Albert  Bridge.     Pop.  200. 

Mirambeau,  mee^rfiji^bo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Cha- 
ente-Inferieure,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Jonzac.     Pop.  586. 

Miramichi,  mlr^a-m^-sheo',  a  bay  on  the  N.E.  coast 
f  New  Brunswick,  lat.  47°  5'  N.,  Ion.  64°  53'  W.,  being 
he  estuary  of  the  Miramichi  River.  Opposite  the  mouth 
f  the  bay  are  Fox  and  Passage  Islands. 

Miramichi,  a  river  of  New  Brunswick,  one  of  the 
vrgest  in  the  province,  its  total  length  being  220  miles, 
nd  it^  mouth  9  miles  in  width,  the  tide  flowing  40  miles. 
'he  lands  on  either  side  are  fertile.  Nelson,  Newcastle, 
)ougIa3,  and  Chatham  are  the  principal  villages  and  towns 
n  the  river.    The  river  is  navigable  for  large-sized  ships 

miles  above  Newcastle,  for  small  schooners  20  to  25  miles, 
nd  for  canoes  40  to  50  miles  farther.  The  branches  of  the 
[liramiohi  are  celebrated  for  their  splendid  salmon  and 
■rout.  A  fish-breeding  establishment  on  Stewart's  Brook, 
ne  of  its  tributaries,  has  been  constructed  by  the  govern- 
hent.  The  Miramichi  itself  abounds  with  salmon,  stur- 
)  eon,  codfish,  mackerel,  herring,  bass,  shad,  alewives,  trout, 
els,  smelts,  lobsters,  and  oysters.  The  Miramichi  is  fed 
y  a  large  number  of  tributaries,  ranging  from  18  to  100 
liles  in  length.  The  southwest  or  main  branch  of  the  Mir- 
i  michi  takes  its  source  in  a  lake  a  short  distance  from  the 
I  obique.  In  the  immediate  vicinity  of  its  source  are  three 
trfour  lakes,  and  about  90  miles  from  its  head  it  becomes 
jOnsiderably  expanded  in  consequence  of  the  number  of 
J  mall  rivulets  flowing  into  it.  The  northwest  branch  joins 
jM  main  river  about  35  miles  from  its  mouth.     It  rises  in 


highlands  bordering  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Nepisiquit,  with 
which  it  is  connected  by  a  short  portage  leading  to  the 
Falls,  and  runs  over  a  calcareous  and  rather  rocky  forma- 
tion. It  is  90  miles  in  length,  and  receives  in  its  course 
several  large  tributaries.  Most  of  these  rivers  proceed 
from  lakes,  and  are  navigable  for  canoes  during  the  sum- 
mer months.  The  tide  flows  up  the  Northwest  Miramichi 
16  miles.  It  is  navigable  for  vessels  of  15  feet  draught  for 
3  miles  of  this  distance,  for  schooners  of  60  or  70  tons  for  3 
miles  farther,  and  for  canoes  to  its  source. 

Miramichi,  a  town  of  New  Brunswick.  See  New- 
castle. 

Miramont,  meeV3,^mANo',  a  village  of  France,  Ilaute- 
Garonne,  arrondissement  of  Saint-Gaudcns.     Pop.  1650. 

Miramont,  a  market-town  of  France,  in  Lotet-Ga- 
ronne,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Marmande.     Pop.  1416. 

Miran'da,  a  post-village  of  Rowan  co.,  N.C. 

Miraii'da,  a  post-village  in  Missisquoi  co.,  Quebec.  4 
miles  from  Saint-Armand.     Pop.  200. 

Miranda  de  Arga,  mc-ran'd&  di  au'gi,  a  town  of 
Spain,  Navarre,  24  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pamplona.     Pop.  1493. 

Miranda  del  Castanar,  mc-rdn'di  ddl  kls-ti-nan', 
a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Sala- 
manca.    Pop.  1559. 

Miranda  del  Ebro,  me-rin'di  dSl  i'bro,  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  40  miles  N.E.  of  Burgos,  on  the  Ebro. 
Pop.  2848.  It  has  an  ancient  church,  and  a  custom-house 
on  the  Castilian  frontier. 

Miranda  do  Corvo,  me-rin'di  do  koR'vo,  a  town  of 
Portugal,  in  Beira,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Coimbra.     Pop.  5252; 

Miranda  do  Douro,  me-rin'di  do  doo'ro  (anc.  Con- 
thun?),  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Tras-os-Montes,  close  to  the 
Spanish  frontier,  28  miles  S.E.  of  Braganya.     Pop.  914. 

Mirande,  mceV6.vd'  (L.  Miran'da),  a  town  of  Franco, 
in  Gers,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Aueh,  on  the  Baise.  Pop.  3230. 
It  has  remains  of  old  fortifications. 

Mirandclla,  me-rin-d3rii  (anc.  Calada'numT),  a  town 
of  Portugal,  in  Tras-os-Montcs,  on  the  Tua,  36  miles  S.W. 
of  Braganja.     Pop.  1890. 

Mirandella,  me-rin-dSl'li,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and 
170  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bahia. 

Mirandol,  mce"r6N'>'dol',  a  village  of  France,  in  Tarn, 
16  miles  N.  of  Alby,  on  the  Viaur. 

Mirandola,  me-r4n'do-Ii,  a  fortified  town  of  Northern 
Italy,  province  of  Modena,  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Modena. 
Pop.  13,170.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  a  castle,  a 
cathedral,  a  hospital,  and  a  palace,  long  occupied  by  the 
sovereign  when  Mirandola  was  the  capital  of  an  indejjend- 
ent  duchy. 

Mirano,  me-ri'no,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  12  miles 
N.E.  of  Padua,  on  the  Musone,  at  the  origin  of  the  Canal 
of  Mirano.     Pop.  7393. 

Mirapicis,  the  Latin  name  of  MinEPOix. 

Miravct,  me-ri-v6t',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  ZO 
miles  S.W.  of  Tarragona.     Pop.  1797. 

Mire,  meen,  a  village  of  France,  in  Indrc-et-Loire, 
about  7  miles  from  Tours,  famous  for  the  great  battle  fought 
in  731,  when  Charles  Martel  defeated  the  Saracens. 

Mirebalais,  or  Le  Mirebalais,  lijh  mecR^biMi',  a 
town  of  ll.ayti,  on  the  Artibonite,  80  miles  N.N.E.  of  Port- 
au-Prince. 

Mirebalois,  or  Mirebalais,  mecR'bl'li',  an  old 
division  of  France,  now  comprised  in  the  department  of 
Vienne,  and  named  after  its  chief  town,  Mirebeau. 

Mirebeau,  meeV?h-bo'  or  meen^bu'  (L.  Ml  rebel' lam), 
a  town  of  France,  department  of  Vienne,  16  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Poitiers.     Pop.  2461. 

Mirebeau,  a  market-town  of  France,  department  of 
C6te-d'0r,  13  miles  E.N.B.  of  Dijon.     Pop.  1229. 

Mirecourt,  nieeV?h-kooR'  or  meen'kooR'  (L.  Mireeur- 
tuwi),  a  town  of  France,  in  Vosges,  16  miles  N.W.  of 
Epin.al.  Pop.  5169.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  tribunal  of  com- 
merce and  a  communal  college,  and  is  noted  for  manu- 
factures of  violins,  guitars,  barrel-organs,  and  other  musical 
instruments. 

3Iirefleur,  meeV^h-fluR'  or  meeR^flurn',  a  market-town 
of  France,  in  Puy-de-Dome,  near  the  river  Allier,  9  miles 
S.E.  of  Clermont-Ferrand.     Pop.  1225. 

Miremont,  meoV?h-m6N<»'  or  mecn'miN"',  a  town  of 
France,  in  llauto-Garonne,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Murct. 

Miremont,  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy-de-Domc,  IS 
miles  W.N. W.  of  Clermont-Fernind.     Pop.  1411. 

Mirepoix,  mee^r^h-pwd'  or  meoR^pwi'  (L.  Mirajncif), 
a  town  of  France,  on  the  Lers,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pamicrs. 
Pop.  3122.  It  has  a  large  hospital,  a  town  hall,  and  manu- 
factories of  coarse  woollens  and  cottons. 

Mir'fieid)  a  village  and  parish  of  England,  co.  of  York, 


MIR 


1848 


MIS 


West  Riding,  with  a  station  on  the  Lancashire  A  Yorli- 
ihiro  RnihTity,  5  inilos  N.E.  of  Iluddersfleld. 

Alir^gnig'  Ilarkhanlit  hnr-K&n'lee,  a  town  of  Ben- 
gal, district  of  Snrun,  lU  luilua  N.  of  Aligunge.    Pop.  40S7. 

Alirgurudf  iucoii-go-rod',  a  town  of  llusAia,  govern- 
ment and  60  wiles  N.W.  of  Poltava,  on  the  Khorol.  It  is 
the  chief  seat  of  the  eoelesiaatioal  authorities  of  the  gov- 
ernment, contains  3  churches,  and,  besides  carrying  on  an 
IniporUmt  general  trade,  has  4  yearly  uiarlcots.     Pop.  7485. 

Miribcl,  inco'ree'bill'  (L.  Miribel'lum),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Ain,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Tr6vou.\.     Pop.  23C4. 

Miribel,  a  village  of  Franco,  in  Isire,  arrundisscment 
•f  Urcnoblo.     Pop.  of  commune,  21G7. 

Mirickvillc,  Miissiichusctt:^.    See  Myrickvillr. 

Alirim,  mo-rcoN"',  a  lalio  of  South  America,  between 
Braiil  and  Uruguay.  Lat.  33°  S. ;  Ion.  53°  W.  l,ength, 
100  miles;  greatest  breadth,  20  miles.  It  communicates 
on  the  E.  with  the  Atlantic  by  the  Tajim,  and  northward 
with  Lago  do  los  Patos  by  the  Mirim. 

MiriinandOf  mco'rce'mANd',  or  MirmandC)  meer^- 
m&Nd',  a  town  of  France,  in  Drfime,  15  miles  S.  of  Valence. 

Miritif  mo-re-too',  u  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  14  miles 
K.W.  of  Uio  Janeiro,  on  the  Miriti. 

Mirobriga,  the  ancient  name  of  Santiaoo  de  Cacem. 

Miropolie,  mo-ro-pol'yi,  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment and  So  milos  S.W.  of  Koorsk,  on  the  Psiol,  an  alBuent 
of  tho  Dnieper.     Pop.  10,754. 

Miroslaw,  Moravia.    See  Mislitz. 

Mirotitz,  meo'ro-tits\  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  tho  Lom- 
»it».60  miles  S.S.W.  of  Prague.     Pop.  1306, 

Mirow,  meo'rov,  a  town  of  Mecklcnburg-Strelitz,  12 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Neu-Strelitz.     It  has  2  ducal  palaces. 

Mirowitz,  mee'ro-^its',  a  town  of  Bohemia,  43  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Prague.     Pop.  1104. 

Mir'ta,  a  town  of  India,  state  and  76  miles  N.E.  of  Joud- 
poor.  Estimated  pop.  25,950.  The  town  is  surrounded  by 
a  wall  partly  of  mud  and  partly  of  stone.  It  has  a  temple 
and  several  mosques. 

Mirzanagur,  mir^zl-ni-giir',  a  town  of  Bengal,  55 
miles  N.E.  of  Calcutta. 

Mir^zapoor',  a  district  of  British  India,  Bcngros  di- 
vision, having  S.  and  W.  the  Rewah  territory.  Area,  5217 
square  miles.     Pop.  1,015,826,  principally  Ilindoos. 

Mirzapoor,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the  above  dis- 
trict, on  the  right  bank  of  the  Ganges,  32  miles  by  rail 
S.AV.  of  Benares.  L.it.  25°  10'  N.;  Ion.  83°  35'  E.  It  is 
large  and  flourishing,  and  well  built,  consisting  of  hand- 
some European  houses,  native  habitations,  and  clusters  of 
Hindoo  temples  crowding  the  banks  of  tho  Ganges.  It  is  a 
place  of  extensive  inland  trade,  and  an  importiint  cotton- 
mart.  It  is  also  noted  for  its  manufactures  of  carpets  and 
various  cotton  fabrics,  and  has  likewise  some  manufactures 
of  iron.     Pop.  in  1881,  56,378;  in  1891,82,710. 

Misantia,  me-8&nt'14,  a  ruined  city  of  Mexico,  state  of 
Vera  Cruz,  35  miles  N.E.  of  Jalapa,  on  an  isolated  plateau. 
Its  remains  comprise  a  pyramid,  streets,  ancient  walls,  and 
a  cemetery. 

Miscoii,  mis^koo',  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Law- 
rence, off  Shippegan  Island,  Gloucester  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick. It  has  a  light-house,  and  possesses  a  fine  harbor, 
which  is  much  frequented  by  fishing-craft. 

Miscouche;  mis^koosh',  a  post-village  in  Prince  co., 
Prince  Edward  Island,  on  the  Prince  Edward  Island  Rail- 
way, 5  miles  from  Suminersidc.    Pop.  200. 

JMLiseno,  me-si'no  (anc.  MUe'num),  a  promontory  of 
Southern  Italy,  province  and  9  miles  S.W.  of  Naples.  Near 
it  are  the  ruins  of  the  ancient  Roman  port  of  Miaeuum, 

Miseuto,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Misixto. 

Mi'ser,  a  station  in  Albany  co.,  Wyoming,  on  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad,  41  milea  N.  by  W.  of  Laramie.  Eleva- 
tion, 6810  feet. 

Mi'ser's  Station,  a  post-oflSco  of  Blount  co.,  Tenn. 

Mish'a  Mokwa,  mok'way,  a  post-hamlet  in  Nelson 
township,  Buffalo  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Chippewa  River,  about 
36  miles  S.W.  of  Eau  Claire.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Mishawaka,  mish^a-waw'ka,  a  post-village  in  Pcnn 
township.  St.  Joseph  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  St.  Joseph  River,  and 
on  tho  Chicago  Sc  Lake  Huron  and  Lake  Shore  &,  Michi- 
gan Southern  Railroads,  4  miles  E.  of  South  Bend,  and  II 
miles  W.  of  Elkhart.  It  has  a  bank,  about  7  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  3  flouring-mills,  and  manufactures  of  fur- 
niture, axes,  refrigerators,  <tc.  Small  steamboats  can  as- 
cend the  river  to  this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  3371. 

Mishawaka*  a  post-hamlet  of  Clatsop  co.,  Oregon,  on 
Kehalem  River,  30  miles  S.  of  Astoria, 

Alish'icot,  a  post-village  of  Manitowoc  co..  Wis.,  in 
Uishicot  township,  on  the  East  Two  River,  about  10  miles 


N.  by  E.  of  the  city  of  Manitowoc.     It  has  water  i. 
a  grist-mill,  a  brewery,  a  saw-mill,  and  5  stores.    1 
about  250;  of  the  township,  1752. 

Miahkan,  or  Mischkan,  mish-kln',  arillagtof  Pi 
sia,  in  Khorassan,  60  miles  N.W,  of  Nishapoor. 

Mishkiii,  or  Mischkin,  mish-keun',  a  town  of  Rum! 
government  and  58  milos  W.N.W.  of  Yaroslav,  on  the  Volu 
Pop.  3014.  * 

inishUcgayoc'  River,  of  Michigan,  rises  in  Qencii 
and  Shiawassee  cos.,  and.  Bowing  nearly  northward,  cnl« 
tho  Flint  River  6  milos  from  its  junction  with  the  8L 
wasseo. 

Mi^sin'abet  a  lake  of  the  North-Wost  Torritorie*.  i 
miles  N.E.  of  Lake  Superior.  Moose  River  issues  out  ( 
tho  lake  and  flows  N.E.  about  250  miles  to  James's  Bay. 

Alisinto,  me-sin'to,  or  Miscnto,  mo-hdn'to,  a  to« 
of  Italy,  jirovince  of  Milan.     I'op.  of  commune,  1587, 

Alisis,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Mk.ssis. 

Misitra,  a  town  of  Greece.    See  Mi.stisa, 

Miskc,  mi.sh'kA*,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Pert 
32  miles  from  Baja.     Pop.  234'J. 

Miskcti  or  Miskhcti.    See  Mskp.t. 

Miskoicz,  mish-kolts',  a  town  of  Hungary,  capital  c 
the  CO.  of  Borsod,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Eriiiu.  Pup.  21,11» 
chiefly  Protcstivnts,  It  has  numerous  Lutheran,  Grcc 
and  Roman  Catholic  churches,  a  synagogue,  Protestant  iir 
Roman  Catholic  gymnasia,  a  Greek  national  school,  Romn 
Catholic  high  school,  and  a  convent.  Its  principal  trade 
in  wine,  'i'be  best  steel  in  Hungary  is  made  from  iron  ol 
tained  from  neighboring  mines. 

Mislitz,  mis'lits,  or  Alirosiaw,  mec'ros-llv\  a  tow 
of  Moravia,  16  miles  from  Znaim.     Pop.  1140. 

Itfisocco,  me-sok  ko  (Gcr.  Muinojc-ihul,  mi'iox-fAl' 
It.  Val  Melnohiita,  v4l  nijl-sol-scc'ni),  a  valley  of  Swi 
zerland,  canton  of  Grisons,  S,  of  the  Alps,  immediately  I 
of  the  canton  of  Ticino.  and  travorse<l  by  tho  Mucsa,  o 
which  is  tho  village  of  Misocco,  with  13S6  inhabitants  an 
a  ruined  fortress. 

IMisolonghi,  a  town  of  Greece.    See  Missoix)Xont. 

Mis'pec,  a  post-village  in  St.  John  co..  New  Bruaawicli 
on  tho  Bay  of  Fundy,  9  miles  from  St.  John.  It  contain 
a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  200. 

3Iispillion,  mis'pil'l^-Qn,  a  hundred  of  Kent  co.,  Del 
P.  3478.    It  contains  Harrington,  Fariiiington,  Vernon,  4i 

MispiUion  Creek,  Delaware,  runs  nearly  northeast 
ward,  forms  part  of  the  boundary  between  Kent  and  Sasse; 
COS.,  and  enters  Delaware  Bay. 

Missaglia,  mis-sil'yi,  a  market-town  of  Nortben 
Italy,  19  miles  N.N.E.  of  Milan.     Pop.  1240. 

Missau'kee,  a  county  in  tho  N.W.  part  of  Michigan 
has  an  area  of  about  580  square  miles.  It  is  draine<l  b; 
the  Muskegon,  Clam,  and  Manistee  Rivers,  the  lastof  whici 
touches  the  N.W.  corner  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  un 
dulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  will 
forests.  Capital,  Lake  City.  Pop.  in  187U,  130;  in  liJ74 
606;  in  1880,  1553;  in  1890,  5048. 

Misselemieli,  mis-sel-?h-mee'?h,  a  town  of  Nubia 
on  the  Bahr-el-Azrek,  60  miles  N.  of  Senaar.  The  mnrke 
is  the  resort  of  many  merchants  from  Souakin,  who  bartei 
cotton,  spices,  and  perfumes  for  gold,  while  those  frou 
Abyssinia  bring  slaves  and  a  few  horses. 

Missinnippi  River,  Canada.    See  CnuncniLU 

Mission,  mish'un,  a  township  of  La  Salle  co.,  HL 
Pop.  1596.     It  contains  Norway. 

Mission,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  1200, 
It  contains  Claytonvillc. 

Mission,  a  township  of  Neosho  co.,  Kansas,  Pop.  915, 
exclusive  of  the  town  of  Osago  JNlission. 

Mission,  a  township  of  Shawnee  co.,  Kansas,  on  tho 
Kansas  River.     Pop.  409. 

Missionary  Ridge  extends  along  the  S.E.  border  of 
Dade  co.,  Ga..  and  is  partly  conipri.-'cd  in  Hamilton  co., 
Tenn.  On  this  ridge  an  important  b:ittle  was  fought  be- 
tween General  Grant  and  General  Dragg  on  the  24lh  of  | 
November,  1863.     The  former  gained  the  victory. 

Mission  Centre,  a  post-ofiice  of  Brown  co.,  Kiinsas.  \ 

Mission  Creek,  a  post-township  of  M'abaunsco  co., 
Kansas.     Pop.  605. 

Mission  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Pine  co.,  Minn. 

Mission  Creek,  a  station  on  the  Lake  Superior  4 
Mississippi  Railroad,  74  miles  N.  of  St.  Paul,  Minn.  ! 

Mission  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pawnee  co.,  ^eb.,  i 
12  miles  N.  of  Beattio,  Kansas.     It  has  a  church.  I 

Missiones,  mis-se-o'n4s,  a  territory  of  the  Argentina  | 
Republic,  in  the  N.E.,  having  on  tho  N.W.  the  mer 
Parand,  which  divides  it  from  Paraguay,  nndon  thob.K. 
the  Uruguay,  which  separates  it  from  Brazil,  in  which  the 


MIS 


1849 


MIS 


esuit  missionaries  founded  numerous  establishments  of 
oDvcrtcd  Indians  previous  to  tlie  suppression  of  their  order 
nl-67.    Area,  23,590  square  miles.     Pop.  3000. 

Mission  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Walker  co.,  Ga. 

Wission  River,  a  small  stream  of  Texas,  flowing 
hron^h  Refugio  co.  into  Aransas  Bay. 

Mission  San  Jos6,  sin  Ho-zi',  a  post-village  of  Ala- 
leila  CO.,  Cal..  about  35  miles  S.S.E.  of  San  Francisco. 

Mission  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Victoria  co.,  Tex., 
n  the  Guadalupe  River,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Victoria,  and 
bout  100  miles  E.S.E.  of  San  Antonio.  It  has  a  nursery, 
(rrist-raill,  and  a  cotton-gin.     Pop.  about  300. 

Missis,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Messis. 

Missis'qnoi,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Quebec, 
aumled  S.  by  Vermont  and  Lake  Champlain.  Area,  560 
umrc  miles.    Capital,  Frelighsburg.     Pop.  16,922. 

Missisquoi  Bay,  Quebec.    See  Philipsbdrg  East. 

Missis'qnoi  (or  Missis'que)  River,  Vermont,  rises 
I  Orleans  co.,  and  runs  northward  into  Canada,  from 
hich  it  passes  into  Franklin  co.,  Vt.  It  subsequently 
ms  nearly  westward  through  the  latter  county,  and  enters 
part  of  Lake  Champlain,  called  Missisquoi  Bay.  It  is 
xmt  90  miles  long. 

Mis^sissin'ewa,  or  Mis'sissin'awa,  a  township  of 
nrke  CO.,  0.,  on  the  Indiana  line.     Pop.  798. 

Mississinewa  River  rises  in  Darke  co.,  0.,  and  runs 
.estward  through  Randolph  co.  of  Indiana.  It  subsequently 
J)ws  northwestward  through  the  cos.  of  Delaware,  Grant, 
jid  Wabash,  and  enters  the  AVabash  River  in  Miami  co., 
twnt  3  miles  above  Peru.  It  is  nearly  140  miles  long. 
[Mississippi,  mis^sis-sip'pee  (Missi  Sipi,  i.e.,  the  "  Great 
later"),  the  largest  and  most  important  river  of  the  United 
lates,  rises  in  the  N.  part  of  Minnesota,  at  an  elevation 
!;■  1680  feet  above  the  tide-water.  Its  chief  source  is  Itasca 
')!ike,  which  is  1575  feet  higher  than  the  sea,  and  about 
IJOO  (or,  as  some  say,  3160)  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the 
|«r,  and  is  about  lat.  47°  10'  N.  and  Ion.  95°  20'  W.  From 
fasea  Lake  it  runs  first  northward,  but  soon  turns  towards 
;e  E.,  and  expands  into  Lake  Cass  and  other  lakes.     After 

wing  towards  nearly  every  point  of  the  compass,  it  arrives 

Crow  Wing,  below  which  it  runs  southward  to  St.  Cloud 

J  southeastward  to  Minneapolis.  Here  is  a  picturesque 
[aract  called  the  Falls  of  St.  Anthony,  which  is  the  head 
Uavigation.  The  river  here  descends  66  feet  in  less  than 
[a  mile,  including  a  perpendicular  fall  of  17  feet.  It 
[jses  by  the  city  of  St.  Paul,  and  a  few  miles  lower  strikes 
i!  boundary  of  AVisconsin  and  expands  into  the  long  and 

lutiful  Lake  Pepin,  bordered  by  vertical  limestone  blufis, 

ich  are  about  400  feet  high  and  very  picturesque.     Below 

buque  its  general  direction  is  southward,  and  it  forms 
boundary  between  the  states  of  Iowa,  Missouri,  Arkan- 

,  and  Louisiana  on  the  right,  and  Illinois,  Kentucky, 

messee,  and  Mississippi  on  the  left  hand.     After  an  ex- 

nely  sinuous  course,  it  enters  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  by  sev- 

1  mouths  at  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Plaquemines  parish, 

,  in  lat.  29°  N.  and  Ion.  89°  12'  W, 

t3  largest  affluents  are  the  Missouri,  Ohio,  Arkansas,  and 
.1  Rivers,  besides  which  it  receives  the  Minnesota,  Iowa, 
I  Des  Moines  from  the  right  hand,  and  the  Wisconsin 
i .  Illinois  Rivers  from  the  left.  The  Missouri  River  is 
Sjcr  than  the  part  of  the  Mississippi  above  the  junction 
<i,he  two  rivers,  which  is  called  the  Upper  Mississippi. 
'■■■■  total  length  of  the  stream  from  the  source  of  the  Mis- 
i-[  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  is  computed  to  be  4300  miles, 
vch  exceeds  that  of  any  other  river  in  the  world.  The 
•fi  drained  by  this  river  and  its  tributaries,  according  to 
y.  Quyot,  is  1,244,000  square  miles.  It  is  computed  that 
t|mean  volume  of  water  discharged  by  it  in  a  second  is 
£(  000  cubic  feet.  It  is  navigable  by  large  or  middle-sized 
Sfmboats  from  its  mouth  to  St.  Paul,  a  distance  of  about 
2j)  miles.  Steamboats  can  ascend  the  Missouri  to  Fort 
Ifton,  which  according  to  some  is  about  2500  miles  from 
i»,nouth,  and  3900  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  Missis- 
•;u  The  chief  cities  on  the  great  river,  giving  prece- 
fllie  to  those  nearest  the  source,  are  Minneapolis,  St.  Paul, 
LCrogse,  Dubuque,  Davenport,  Keokuk,  Quincy,  Hanni- 
■>  St.  Louis,  Memphis,  and  New  Orleans.  The  lowest 
P  e  at  which  the  river  is  crossed  by  a  bridge  is  St.  Louis, 
*'  about  1400  miles  from  its  mouth.  This  has  3  arches 
f  i  80  high  that  large  steamers  can  pass  under  it.  The 
fi;-  is  3500  feet  wide  at  St.  Louis,  about  2500  at  New  Or- 
Ki,  and  4000  feet  at  the  mouth  of  the  Ohio.  It  appears 
t|;  it  is  generally  wider  between  Dubuque  and  St.  Louis 
Ij  it  is  below  the  latter  city.  Three  other  bridges  cross 
"■•Ter,  at  Davenport,  Clinton,  and  Dubuque.  The  mean 
JJ  ;ity  of  the  current  between  St.  Louis  and  the  Gulf  of 
*^  ICO  is  about  65  miles  per  day.  The  Mississippi  Valley 
117 


comprises  a  vast  extent  of  very  fertile  land,  which  is  nearly 
level  or  gently  undulating.  As  the  river  runs  southward 
and  traverses  18  degrees  of  latitude,  the  climate  and  pro- 
ductions of  the  lower  part  differ  greatly  from  those  of  the 
upper  part  of  the  valley.  In  Louisiana  and  Mississippi  the 
river  is  bordered  by  alluvial  plains  and  swamps,  which  are 
lower  than  the  surface  of  the  water,  and  are  often  inun- 
dated, though  partly  protected  by  artificial  embankments 
called  levees.  The  greatest  floods  occur  in  the  spring 
after  the  snow  and  ice  of  the  Upper  Mississippi  have  been 
melted.  The  water  begins  to  rise  about  the  1st  of  March, 
and  increases  until  June.  The  levees  are  sometimes  burst 
or  overcome  by  the  violence  of  the  flood,  which  rushes 
through  crevasses  and  devastates  large  tracts  of  arable  land 
of  which  cotton  and  sugar  are  the  staple  products.  Such  a 
calamity  occurred  in  April,  1874,  and  reduced  many  thou 
sand  people  to  destitution.  At  the  mouth  of  the  river  n 
large  delta  has  been  formed  by  the  mud  and  detritus  carried 
down  by  the  current.  This  delta  is  intersected  by  a  num- 
ber of  outlets  or  water-courses,  called  hayout,  which  issue 
from  the  Mississippi,  or  derive  from  it  a  supply  of  water  in 
time  of  a  flood.  "  The  whole  area  of  the  delta,"  says  Dan.a, 
"  is  about  12,300  square  miles,  and  about  one-third  is  a  sea- 
marsh,  only  two-thirds  lying  above  the  level  of  the  gulf." 
The  amount  of  silt  or  sediment  carried  to  the  Mexican  Gulf 
by  this  river,  according  to  Humphreys  and  Abbott,  is  about 
1-1 500th  the  weight  of  the  water,  equivalent  for  an  average 
year  to  812,500,000,000,000  pounds,  or  a  mass  one  square 
mile  in  area  and  241  feet  deep.  "  The  new  soil  deposited 
in  one  year  by  the  Mississippi,"  says  Guyot,  "  would  cover 
an  area  of  268  square  miles  with  the  thickness  of  one  foot." 
The  water  enters  the  gulf  by  five  channels,  called  the  North- 
east Pass,  the  Southeast  Pass,  South  Pass,  <tc.  The  nav- 
igation of  these  passes  is  partly  obstructed  by  sand-banks, 
which  are  continually  formed  or  shifted,  and  to  obviate 
this  difficulty  a  system  of  jetties  has  been  constructed  in 
the  South  Pass  by  Captain  J.  B.  Eads,  by  authority  of  the 
national  government,  calculated  to  maintain  a  channel  30 
feet  in  depth. 

Mississippi,  one  of  the  Gulf  States  of  the  American 
Union,  bounded  N.  by  Tennessee,  E.  by  Alabama,  S.  by 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  Louisiana,  and  W.  by  Arkansiis 
and  Louisiana.  Along  its  western  borders  flow  the  Missis- 
sippi and  Pearl  Rivers,  and  for  its  northern  limit  it  has  the 
35th  degree  of  N.  lat.  Area,  46,810  square  miles,  of  which 
46,340  square  miles  are  land  and  470  water. 

Face  of  the  Country. — Along  the  Mississippi,  above  Vicks- 
burg,  a  vast  swampy  tract  of  dense  timber  extends  north- 
ward beyond  the  state  line  and  eastward  beyond  the  Yazoo 
River;  and  but  for  the  erection  of  strong  levees  this  fertile 
region  (7000  square  miles)  would  be  subject  to  frequent 
overflow.  No  less  than  350  miles  of  the  Mississippi  front 
in  this  state  are  found  to  need  levees.  In  the  N.E.  there  is 
an  exceedingly  fertile  prairie  region,  bounded  on  the  W, 
by  the  "  flat  woods,"  a  long,  narrow,  and  densely-wooded 
level  tract.  The  northern  and  N.  central  portions  are  roll- 
ing, and  in  many  parts  fertile,  but  there  are  elevated  tracts 
which  have  a  stubborn,  unfertile  soil.  Eastward  of  the 
Yazoo  there  are  high  bluffs  of  river-drift  or  loess,  which 
approach  the  Mississippi  at  Vicksburg,  Natchez,  and  other 
points.  These  blufis  (the  "cane  hills")  are  deeply  broken 
with  coulies  and  water-worn  ravines,  and  are  often  com- 
posed of  most  fertile  soil.  The  great  level  pine  region, 
or  "  cow-country,"  of  Mississippi  afibrds  much  natural  pas- 
turage and  large  amounts  of  timber  and  naval  stores.  It 
covered  at  one  time  more  than  one-third  of  the  state,  reach- 
ing from  the  gulf  northward  nearly  to  Jackson,  but  its 
northern  limits  have  been  much  restricted  by  the  extension 
of  agriculture.  Its  southern  and  less  fertile  portion  is  very 
healthful,  but  to  the  northward  intermittent  fevers  prevail 
and  the  country  is  not  regarded  as  a  safe  one  for  unaccli- 
mated  persons  to  inhabit. 

Geology. — In  the  N.E.  the  Alabama  coal-measures  occupy 
a  small  area  of  this  state,  but  are  represented  only  by  their 
lower  or  unproductive  strata,  and  Mississippi  has  no  true 
coal,  but  is  said  to  have  some  deposits  of  lignite.  The 
northeastern  plains  are  cretaceous,  and  are  exceedingly 
fertile;  but  they  are  somewhat  scantily  provided  with 
potable  water,  except  where  artesian  wells  have  been  sunk. 
The  most  widely  prevailing  formation  is  the  tertiary ;  but 
the  lowlands  along  the  Mississippi  and  the  gulf  are  of 
post-tertiary  and  alluvial  character.  The  mineral  waters 
of  Lauderdale,  Harrison,  Jackson,  Tishomingo,  and  Hinds 
COS.  have  considerable  reputation  as  medicinal  agents,  and 
not  a  few  of  the  wells  and  springs  of  the  state  are  charged 
with  saline  ingredients.  The  orange  or  tinted  sand  of  the 
quaternary,  with  its  curious  conical  knolls,  ia  a  remark- 


l^k 


MIS 


1650 


MIS 


kblo  featar*.  Lime,  rough  Bandatone,  floUle  oUjt,  and  f ome 
UgniU  ar*  obtained,  but  no  oros  are  miaed  in  the  atato. 

V(t(f*tatiom. — The  marshj  region*  abound  in  oypreaa  of 
two  varietiea,  bay,  bluolc  gum,  and  other  timber  treea. 
The  great  pine  foreiU  have  boon  already  alluded  to.  In 
tho  billy  oountry  there  are  valuable  foreatt  of  oak,  hickory, 
loouat,  walnut,  bilated,  Ao.  Tho  native  fruita  inoludu  the 
peraimmon,  pawpaw,  Chiokasuw  plum,  Ogooctioo  limo,  and 
excellent  gmpea.  Ibe  7\Uand»iu,  or  Spanish  must),  aflforda 
a  fibre  much  uaed  by  upholstorera,  and  the  abundant  ouno 
{ArHudinaria)  yielj!a  a  useful  paper-stock, 

Aijriouiture. — The  N.E.  oretaccoua  districts  and  the  low 
Mia^iaaippi  bottom-landa  are  of  inexhaustible  fertility,  and 
when  the  loveea  of  the  river-front  shall  have  been  com- 
pleted it  is  probable  no  region  of  tho  United  States  will 
support  a  larger  agricultural  population  to  the  square  mile 
than  the  now  swampy  region  W.  of  the  Yazoo.  Through- 
out the  pine  region  there  are  fertile  tracts  of  cotton-land. 
Southward  there  ia  considerable  rice  and  sugar-cane  cul- 
ture, which  might  bo  indufinitcly  extended.  Indian  corn 
and  cotton  are,  however,  tho  staple  products,  and  the  former 
grows  with  a  luxuriance  quite  unknown  in  tho  North- 
ern states.  The  principal  forage-crops  are  maize  and  the 
oow-pea  (a  Dolichot)).  Grazing  is  an  important  industry, 
the  small  and  half-wild  cattle  finding  abundant  pasturage 
in  the  wide  forests ;  much  pork  is  produced,  and  the  annual 
wool-clip  is  very  considerable,  lloney,  wax,  butter,  sweet 
potatoes,  sorghum,  pulso,  tobacco,  and  wheat  are  products 
of  importance.  The  climate  is  well  adapted  for  sericul- 
ture and  vine-growing.  The  orange  flourishes  in  the 
south ;  the  pomegranate  and  fig  grow  almost  everywhere 
without  protection,  and  tho  peach  in  some  parts  is  found 
in  the  forests  in  a  half-wild  state.  Considerable  attention 
has  been  given  lately  to  tho  cultivation  of  jute. 

Manu/acturet. — The  only  extensive  manufacturing  in- 
terest is  the  cutting  and  sawing  of  lumber,  chiefly  for  the 
New  Orleans  market.  The  chief  seats  of  this  occupation 
are  the  lower  valleys  of  the  Pascagoula  and  Pearl  llivers, 
and  the  products  are  shipped  both  by  rail  and  by  water.  The 
manufacture  of  cotton-seed  oil  and  oil-cake  is  also  im- 
portant, and  that  of  tar,  rosin,  and  spirits  of  turpentine  ia 
becoming  so.  The  other  manufactures  are  chiefly  local,  or 
connected  with  the  construction  and  repair  of  railroad- 
works.  Several  cotton-mills  have  been  started,  with  good 
prospects  of  success. 

Commerce. — The  river-towns  and  the  railroad  centres  do 
a  large  forwarding  and  distributing  business;  and  the 
sheltered  sound,  with  its  diverging  bays  and  lagoons,  affords 
safe  and  tranquil  passage  for  coasting-vessels,  although  the 
state  has  no  harbor  with  sufficient  water  for  large  shipping. 
There  are  in  the  state  a  number  of  freight-  and  passcnger- 
fteamers,  besides  numerous  sailing-vessels.  I^csides  the 
Mississippi,  steam  navigation  ascends  the  Yazoo,  Talla- 
batchee,  Yalabusha,  Pascagoula,  and  Tombigbee  Rivers,  and 
is  to  some  extent  practicable  upon  the  Big  Black,  Sun- 
flower, and  Pearl,  although  the  latter  stream  is  much  en- 
cumbered by  snags  and  shallows. 

Railroudg. — In  1846  there  were  42  miles  of  railroad;  in 
1850,  75  miles;  in  1S55,  278  miles;  in  1S60,  862  miles;  in 
1865,  898  miles;  in  187U,  990  miles;  in  1875,  1018  miles; 
in  1880,  1127  miles;  in  1885,  1920  miles;  in  1890,  2470 
miles.  A  period  of  depression  in  the  value  of  railroad 
stocks  occurred  after  the  civil  war,  but  there  has  been  lately 
a  marked  activity  in  railroad  extension. 

The  Countiet  number  75,  as  follows:  Adams,  Alcorn, 
Amite,  Attala,  Benton,  Bolivar,  Calhoun,  Carroll,  Chicka- 
saw, Choctaw,  Claiborne,  Clarke,  Clay,  Coahoma,  Copiah, 
Covington,  De  Soto,  Franklin,  Greene,  Grenada,  Hancock, 
Uarrison,  Hinds,  Ilolmes,  Issaquena,  Itawamba,  Jackson, 
Jasper,  JefTerson,  Jones,  Kerapor,  Lafayette,  Lauderdale, 
Lawrence,  Leake,  Lee,  Leflore,  Lincoln,  Lowndes,  Madi- 
son, Marion,  Marshall,  Monroe,  Montgomery,  Neshoba, 
Newton,  Noxubee,  Oktibbeha,  Panola,  Pearl,  Perry,  Pike, 
Pontotoc,  Prentiss,  Quitman,  Rankin,  Scott,  Sharkey, 
Simpson,  Smith,  Sunflower,  Tallahatchee,  Tate,  Tippah, 
Tishemingo,  Tunica,  Union,  Warren,  Washington,  Wayne, 
Webster,  Wilkinson,  Winston,  Yalabusha,  and  Yazoo. 

Principal  Town*. — These  are  the  cities  of  Vicksburg 
(pop.  in  1890,  13,373)  and  Natchez  (10,101),  on  the  Missis- 
sippi; Meridian  (10,624),  a  manufacturing  and  railroad 
centre;  Greenville  (6658) ;  Jackson,  the  capital,  on  Pearl 
River,  and  at  the  junction  of  trunk-rtiilway  lines  (5920); 
besides  Columbus,  Aberdeen,  Yazoo  City,  Biloxi,  Wessen, 
Water  Valley,  West  Point,  Grenada,  McComb  City,  Holly 
Springs,  Brook  Haven,  Canton,  Corinth,  Okalona,  and  other 

S laces,  some  of  which  have  large  commercial   interests. 
lost  of  them  are  incorporated  as  cities. 


Qoternment. — The  constitution  now  in  fori.<  waa  adoptM 
in  1869,  The  governor  and  principal  executive  ofllctm  an 
ohoscn  for  a  term  of  four  years.  Judges  are  appoiiUed  bj 
the  governor,  and  serve  for  limited  terms.  Vetera  must  bi 
registered,  and  have  resided  six  months  in  the  state,  aiu 
one  month  in  the  county  where  the  vote  is  caat.  The'iiaK 
haa  seven  ropreaeutativea  in  the  lower  house  of  Congresi 
and  nine  electoral  votes. 

Education  is  provided  for  by  law,  and  free  aohoola  an 
sustained  by  stiite  and  local  taxes,  the  income  from  tb( 
sales  of  certain  state  lands,  tho  proceeds  of  flnoa  and  lirennea 
Ac.     There  are  state  and  county  superintcii  i  •     ■,,,„i| 

a  state  board  of  education,  and  local  boards  ,|,j 

since  the  establishment  of  the  freo-scliuxl  -  is8l) 

there  has  been  a  marked  improvement  in  eUucaiioual  mat 
tcrs.  There  are  normal  schools  at  Holly  SprinKs  and  Tuufja 
loo.     Oxford  is  the  scat  of   the  state  uni- -      •  !  i|,( 

state  agricultural  and  mechanical  college  i.'-  ~  trk 

ville.     Aloorn  University,  Oakland,  has  a  -  m,o1 

and  ia  open  to  blacks  as  well  as  whites.  Ton-ilu..  Lni 
versity,  with  normal,  industrial,  model,  intcruicdialc,  urn 
primary  departments,  instructs  principally  colored  students 
Mississippi  College,  Clinton,  is  a  flourishing  Baptist  school 
Shaw  University,  Holly  Springs,  is  under  Methodist  super 
vision.  Pass  Christian  College  is  Roman  Catholic,  and 
Madison  College,  at  Sharon,  is  non-sectarian.  Other  ini' 
portant  public  institutions  are  the  state  lunatic  asylum,  tbi 
state  penitentiary,  the  institution  for  the  blind,  and  th( 
state  hospital  for  deaf-mutes,  all  at  or  near  Jackson. 

Ilittory. — Traversed  by  De  Soto  in  1540,  visited  by  Li 
Salle  in  1682,  no  permanent  settlement  was  mode  till  1716 
when  Iberville  founded  Natchez.  This  colony  was  a  pari 
of  French  Louisiana,  but,  unlike  most  other  Frcnch-Amcr 
lean  colonies,  it  had  to  wage  bloody  wars  with  tho  Indium 
In  1763  the  country  passed  to  tho  English  and  was  made  i 
part  of  West  Florida,  but  was  claimed  as  part  of  Georgia, 
except  the  southern  tier  of  counties,  which  became  a  part 
of  the  Spanish  province  of  West  Florida  in  1783 ;  and  Spain 
claimed  them  as  her  own  until  1819,  when  they  passed  witl 
tho  rest  of  Florida  under  the  authority  of  the  United  States, 
to  which  for  seven  years  they  had  been  annexed  de  facto. 
Mississippi  Territory  was  organized  in  1798,  and  then  in- 
cluded a  wide  strip,  whose  N.  line  ran  westward  from  the 
Chattahoochee  to  the  Mississippi  at  tho  mouth  of  tb< 
Yazoo,  no  part  touching  the  Gulf.  In  1804  Congress  an- 
nexed to  Mississippi  a  great  tract,  embracing  thrcc-fifihi 
of  the  present  area  of  Mississippi  and  Alabama,  a  tract 
which  had  formerly  belonged  to  Georgia  and  South  Caro- 
Una.  The  "  Yazoo  Fraud"  (so  called),  a  sale  of  her  west- 
ern lands  by  Georgia,  in  1795,  led  to  great  excitement 
throughout  the  country;  and  in  1814  Congress  appro|)ri- 
atcd  $5,000,000  to  pay  unsatisfied  claimants  and  to  end  the 
litigation  arising  from  this  source.  In  1S12  the  United 
States  Congress  added  the  Gulf  counties  to  Mississippi;  but 
Spain  did  not  cede  them  until  the  purchase  of  1819.  The 
state  was  admitted  to  the  Union  in  1817  with  its  prcfent 
limits,  and  a  season  of  great  prosperity  followed.  In  1S33 
the  state  created  a  debt  of  $7,000,000  for  banking  pur- 
poses, but  she  soon  repudiated  the  whole  outright.  For  a 
long  time  Mississippi  ranked  as  one  of  the  first  of  the  cot- 
ton-producing states.  During  the  war  of  1861-65  she  suf- 
fered severely  ;  and  subsequently  there  were  unhappy  years 
of  misrule  and  anarchy,  which  for  a  time  greatly  retarded 
industrial  advancement. 

Population  in  1800,8850;  in  1810,  40,352;  in  1820, 
75,448;  in  1830,  136,621;  in  1840,  375,651;  in  1850, 
605,948;  in  1860,  791,305,  of  whom  436,631  were  slavca; 
in  1870,  827,922;  in  1880,  1,131,597;  in  1890,  1,289,600. 

Mississippi,  a  northeastern  county  of  Arkansas,  bor- 
ders on  Missouri.  J^rea,  about  803  square  miles.  It_  i* 
bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  is  in- 
tersected hy  Little  River,  and  partly  bounded  on  the  W-  by 
St.  Francis  River.  The  surface  is  level,  and  diversified  with 
cypress  swamjjs  and  forests.  The  soil  of  tho  drier  parts  is 
fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  tho  staple  prod- 
ucts. Numerous  lakes  are  found  in  this  county,  the  largest 
being  Big  Lake.  Capital,  Osceola.  Pop.  in  1870,  3633; 
in  1880,  7332;  in  1890,  11,635. 

Mississippi^  a  southeastern  county  of  Missouri,  hasui 
area  of  about  430  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
and  E.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  which  separates  it  from 
Kentucky.  The  surface  is  level,  and  partly  occupied  by 
cypress  swamps.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn  and  jiork 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
St.  Louis  &  Iron  Mountain  Railroad  and  the  St.  Louia 
Southwestern  Railroad.  Capital,  Charleston.  Pop.  in  1370, 
4982;  in  1880,  9270;  in  18»0,  10,134. 


MtS 


1851 


MIS 


'Mississippi?  a  township  of  Sacramento  CO.,  Cal.  P.  171. 
'Mississippi,  a  township  of  Mississippi  co.,  Mo.  P.  357. 
jMississippi  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Harrison 
.,  Mississippi,  is  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  (Mississippi 
Innd),  and  on  the  New  Orleans  &  Mobile  Railroad,  71 
■les  B.  by  N.  of  New  Orleans.  Pop.  in  1890,  534. 
'Mississippi  College,  Mississippi,  See  Clintox. 
[Mississippi  River,  a  river  of  Ontario,  rises  in  Mis- 
Isippi  Lake,  Lanark  co.,  and,  flowing  northerly  100  miles, 
iters  the  Ottawa  7  miles  above  Amprior.  A  good  part  is 
Ivigable  for  small  steamers. 

Missivri,  mis-seev'ree  (anc.  Mesem'hria),  a  seaport 
Tn  of  Eastern  Roumelia,  on  a  peninsula  in  the  Black 
I,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Boorghas,  lat.  42°  39'  N.,  Ion.  27° 
E.,  with  a  harbor,  formerly  a  principal  station  of  the 
!  zantine  fleets. 

iMissolonghi,  mis-so-long'ghee,  written  also  Meso- 
nghi,  a  town  of  Greece,  on  an  extensive  flat  thickly 
oded  with  olive  trees  and  watered  by  the  Achelous  and 
emus,  22  miles  AV.  of  Lepanto.  It  is  walled  and  other- 
le  defended,  so  as  to  be  a  place  of  considerable  strength, 
greatly  distinguished  itself  during  the  war  of  the  revolu- 
la,  when  it  was  besieged  by  the  Turks  and  ultimately 
uoed  by  famine.  Near  it,  in  1823,  Marco  Bozzaris  was 
led  in  action.  The  walls  are  washed  by  the  sea,  but, 
ing  to  a  vast  shoal,  it  is  accessible  only  by  boats.  Other 
sols  cannot  approach  nearer  than  from  4  to  5  miles, 
•d  Byron  died  here,  April  19,  1824,  It  is  the  seat  of  a 
l||e  trade.    Pop.  5714, 

Jtlissonia,  miz-zoo'lij,,  a  northwestern  county  of  Mon- 
Ija,  borders  on  Idaho,  It  is  intersected  by  Clarke's  River, 
ijranch  of  the  Columbia,  and  also  drained  by  the  Kootc- 
ij',  the  Maple,  and  the  Bitter  Root  or  St.  Mary's  River. 
long  its  beautiful  features  is  Flathead  or  Selish  Lake, 
lut  30  miles  long.  The  surface  is  mostly  mountainous, 
ill  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other 
({rgreen  trees.  The  Bitter  Root  Mountains  extend  along 
tf  S.AV.  border  of  this  county,  which  also  comprises  part 
cibe  Rocky  Mountains.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  and  prai- 
i[  is  fertile,  well  adapted  to  pasturage,  and  produces 
A  ^at,  grass,  Ac.  Gold  is  found  in  this  county,  which  is 
t  'ereed  by  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad.  Area,  18,550 
fire  miles.  Capital,  Missoula.  Pop.  in  1870,  2554;  in 
10,2537;  in  1890,  3426. 

lissonla,  a  city,  the  capital  o-f  Missoula  co.,  Montana, 
in  a  river  of  the  same  name,  near  the  confluence  of  the 
I  er  Root  and  Hell  Gate  Rivers,  and  on  the  Northern 
Eifio  Railroad,  124  miles  W.N.W.  of  Helena.  It  is 
ill  fertile  valley  near  the  Rocky  Mountains.  It  has  a 
1|;  suspension-bridge  over  the  river,  a  fine  court-house,  a 
1^ final  bank,  2  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers,  and  sev- 
e^  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  3426. 

'issoula  River,  Montana,  sometimes  called  the  Bit- 
t  Root,  runs  northwestward  in  Missoula  co.,  and  unites 
W:  the  Flathead  to  form  the  Clarke's  River, 
]i8Sonri,niis-soo'ree  {i.e.,  the  "Mud  River"),  a  great 
rlrof  the  United  States,  is  formed  by  the  confluence  of 
tlfrefferson,  Gallatin,  and  Madison  Rivers  or  Forks,  which 
Tifin  the  Rocky  Mountains  and  unite  at  Gallatin  City, 
Mtana,  This  point  is  4132  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
8^  The  source  of  the  Madison  Fork  is  8301  feet  above 
Ikjovel  of  the  sea,  and  about  2  miles  from  one  of  the  head- 
8t  mg  of  the  Snake  River,  "  AVithin  a  radius  of  ten 
m|  i,"  says  Hayden,  "  may  bo  found  the  sources  of  three 
ofiie  largest  rivers  in  America."  This  sentence  refers  to 
ti^Iolumbia,  Missouri,  and  Colorado.  From  Gallatin  City 
thiiver  runs  nearly  northward  through  a  mountainous  re- 
gi|  in  which  gold  is  found,  "  The  Missouri  Valley  here  is 
apt  20  to  25  miles  in  width,  with  high  ranges  of  moun- 
^  on  both  sides."  (Hayden's  Report.)  About  16  miles 
^  Helena  the  river  passes  through  a  deep  and  narrow 
oajii  or  gorge,  5  miles  long,  called  the  "Gates  of  the 
Wjjr  Mountains,"  The  scenery  here  is  very  sublime  and 
•"t;3ing.  About  350  miles  from  the  junction  of  the  three 
J<|3  occur  the  Great  Falls,  where  the  river  descends  357 
ie<in  about  15  miles  by  a  scries  of  cataracts,  the  highest 
ofjnoh  presents  a  perpendicular  fall  of  87  feet.  The 
pv  here  cuts  through  a  great  thickness  of  Jurassic  or 
mjie  rocks.  Nearly  40  miles  below  the  Great  Falls  is 
*<!, Benton,  the  head  of  steamboat  navigation.  From  this 
P",  the  Missouri  runs  eastward  through  Chotcau  and 
i^hon  COS.,  Montana,  and  pursues  the  same  general  dirco- 
Uoior  600  miles  or  more, 

•  Fort  Buford  it  crosses  the  eastern  boundary  of  Mon- 
wt,  and  enters  Dakota  near  lat,  48°  N,  Here  it  is  joined 
oy  largest  afiluent,  the  Yellowstone,  which  is  said  to  be 
»«<  irds  wi'iq  at  its  mouth.   The  Missouri  runs  southeast- 


ward to  Bismarck,  below  which  it  flows  nearly  southward 
for  several  hundred  miles  through  the  middle  of  Dakota, 
and  traverses  vast  prairies  or  grassy  plains  almost  destitute 
of  forest  trees.  After  it  has  passed  the  mouth  of  the 
Cheyenne  (a  large  afiiuent  which  comes  from  the  W.)  it 
changes  its  course  to  the  S.B.  It  strikes  the  boundary  of 
Iowa  near  Sioux  City,  and  from  this  place  runs  nearly 
southward,  forming  the  boundary  between  Iowa  and  Ne- 
braska. Pursuing  next  a  S.S.E,  direction,  it  forms  the 
boundary  between  Kansas  and  the  state  of  Missouri  until 
it  arrives  at  Kansas  City,  where  it  receives  another  largo 
affluent,  the  Kansas  River.  It  now  enters  the  state  of 
Missouri,  in  which  it  flows  eastward  to  the  mouth  of  the 
Chariton,  and  thence  southeastward  to  Jefferson  City,  be- 
low which  its  general  direction  is  eastward.  It  enters  the 
Mississippi  River  3  miles  below  Alton,  111.,  and  20  miles 
above  St.  Louis.  It  is  a  turbid  stream,  noted  for  the  ra- 
pidity of  its  current,  which  encroaches  on  the  land  and 
often  carries  away  its  banks.  It  is  nearly  3000  miles  long, 
without  including  either  of  its  branches,  and  exceeds  in 
length  as  well  as  in  volume  the  part  of  the  Mississippi 
above  their  junction. 

The  area  drained  by  the  Missouri  is  computed  to  be 
518,000  square  miles,  and  the  average  quantity  of  water 
discharged  by  it  in  a  second  is  said  to  be  120,000  cubio 
feet.  During  high  water,  steamboats  can  ascend  it  to  Fort 
Benton,  which,  according  to  Dana,  is  2644  miles  from  its 
mouth,  but  others  say  2500  miles.  Fort  Buford  is  the  head 
of  navigation  during  low  water,  which  is  in  summer  and 
early  autumn. 

The  chief  towns  on  its  banks  are  Yankton,  Sioux  City, 
Omaha,  Council  Bluffs,  Nebraska  City,  St.  Joseph,  Atchison, 
Leavenworth,  and  Kansas  City.  These  are  named  in  their 
order  as  they  occur  to  one  who  descends  the  stream.  The 
largest  affluents  of  the  Missouri  besides  those  already  men- 
tioned are  the  Platte,  the  Dakota  or  James,  the  Niobrara, 
the  Little  Missouri,  the  Milk,  the  Osage,  and  the  Grand. 
For  a  notice  of  its  forks,  see  Gallati.v,  Madison,  <fec.  Ac- 
cording to  F.  V,  Hayden,  the  Missouri  "drains  an  area  of 
nearly  or  quite  1,000,000  square  miles,"  (Annual  Report 
for  1868.)  In  another  report  he  says,  "Terraces  of  the 
kind  alluded  to  form  a  peculiar  feature  of  the  Missouri 
River  and  its  tributaries,  and  are  found  from  the  foot  of  the 
mountains  to  its  mouth,  and  in  many  instances  they  seem 
to  afford  most  beautiful  natural  sites  for  cities." 

Missouri,  a  central  state  of  the  American  Union,  bor- 
dered on  the  E.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  traversed  by 
the  great  stream  whose  name  it  bears.  On  the  N,  it  ia 
bounded  by  Iowa,  on  the  E,  by  Illinois,  Kentucky,  and 
Tennessee,  on  the  S,  by  Arkansas,  and  on  the  AV,  by  Ne- 
braska, Kansas,  and  the  Indian  Territory,  while  its  south- 
easternmost  counties  form  a  projection  which  is  bounded 
westward  by  Arkansas.  Area,  69,415  square  miles,  of 
which  68,735  square  miles  are  land,  and  680  water. 

Face  of  the  Country. — N,  of  the  Missouri  River  the  surface 
is  a  very  level  or  more  frequently  rolling  region,  diversified 
with  timber  and  open  prairie,  S.  of  that  river  there  are 
three  well-characterized  regions :  the  open  and  compara- 
tively treeless  plains  of  the  AV.,  continuous  with  those  of 
Kansas;  the  central  Ozark  Mountains,  a  rough  but  not 
greatly  elevated  country,  well  timbered,  and  continuous 
southward  with  the  mountains  of  Arkansas ;  and  the  south- 
eastern marshy  tract,  of  exceedingly  fertile  and  well-tim- 
bered country,  which  sunk  to  its  present  level  during  the 
earthquakes  of  1811-12,  From  Cape  Girardeau  southward 
the  Mississippi  front  is  diked  or  leveed.  This  region  is 
said  to  embrace  3000  square  miles  of  swamp. 

Geology,  Mineral  Wealth. — The  two  prominent  features 
of  Missouri  geology  are  (1)  the  great  Silurian  Ozark  region, 
whose  highly  metalliferous  strata  are  much  broken  by  dikes 
and  outcrops  of  azoic  rocks,  and  (2)  the  coal-field  of  the 
N.  and  centre,  continuous  northward  and  westward  with 
the  coal-measures  of  Iowa  and  Kansas.  Intermediate  be- 
tween these  regions  lie  outcrops  of  the  Devonian,  while  the 
S.E.  is  alluvial,  and  there  are  isolated  beds  of  the  creta- 
ceous, itc.  The  metalliferous  ores  of  Missouri  are  very  rich 
and  abundant.  Prominent  illustrations  of  their  value  are 
afforded  by  the  Pilot  Knob,  Iron  Mountain,  Shepherd  Moun- 
tain, and  other  mountain-like  masses  of  excellent  hematitio 
and  magnetic  ores;  the  Mine  La  Motte,  with  its  rich  ores 
of  lead  and  nickel;  the  mines  near  Joplin,  which  j'ield 
millions  of  pounds  of  lead  and  zinc  annually;  and  the- 
Valid  and  Perry  lead-mines  of  St,  Francois  co,  Missouri 
has  for  150  years  produced  a  great  amount  of  lead,  and  in 
some  years  has  exceeded  50,000,000  pounds,  and  the  state 
could  apparently  supply  the  world  with  this  commodity  for 
an  indefinite  period.    The  lead-belt  crosses  the  state  frcm 


MIS 


1852 


MIS 


E.  to  W.  Millions  of  tons  of  iron  ore  are  mined  in  years 
wbon  the  iron-trade  is  Mtivo,  and  the  supply  is  inexhaust- 
ibis.  Limonitos,  spatbio  ores,  and  other  sorts  of  iron  ore 
ooour  abundantly  throughout  the  S.W.  Iron  is  largely 
•melted,  but  the  ore  is  prinoipally  sent  abroad  for  worlcing. 
Besides  load,  sine,  iron,  and  nickel  ores,  good  ooppor  ores 
are  abundant;  cadmium  exists  in  convidorablo  quantitius; 
tome  gold  and  silver  have  been  obtiiinod;  while  luarble, 
limestone,  gloss-sand,  kaolin,  fire-clay,  barium  sulphate, 
and  other  useful  mineral  substances  exist  very  plentifully. 
The  main  coal-field  is  known  to  cover  at  least  23,100  square 
miles,  of  which  some  7000  are  underlaid  by  beds  thick 
enough  to  have  commercial  value.  To  the  E.,  S.,  and  S.E. 
of  the  proper  ooal-flelds  are  interesting  detached  areas  or 
pockets  of  exceedingly  thick  and  very  good  coal  of  some- 
what uncertain  geological  age.  Most  of  the  Missouri  coals 
are  either  eannelito  or  bituminous.  In  ISUO  the  production 
was  officially  stated  at  2,567,823  tons,  valued  at  $3,478,058. 

Jiioeri. — By  means  of  her  two  great  rivers  and  their 
navigable  branches,  Missouri  has  direct  water-communica- 
tion with  almost  every  state  in  the  Mississippi  Valley,  and 
of  her  own  minor  streams  the  Osago,  (JranJ,  Maramoc,  Salt, 
Gasconade,  White,  St.  Francis,  and  Current,  and  perhaps 
others,  have,  or  have  hod,  some  utility  as  navigable  streams ; 
but  the  great  extension  of  railroads  has  impaired  their  use- 
fulness in  this  respect.  In  the  mountain-country  the  water- 
power  is  to  some  extent  utilized. 

Agriculture. — Missouri  affords  every  variety  of  soil,  from 
the  fruitful  corn-lands  of  the  Mississippi  bottom,  the  wide 
rolling  prairies  of  the  N.,  and  the  inexhaustibly  product- 
ive loess  of  the  N.W.,  to  the  rocky  and  inarable  hillsides 
seen  in  parts  of  the  S.,  and  the  cold  and  refractory  black 
clays  occurring  upon  some  bolts  of  the  coal-field.  The 
Ozark  country  is  but  sparsely  settled ;  but  its  valleys  are 
very  commonly  productive,  and  its  steep  hills  have  been 
found  to  afford  a  generous  vintage.  Indian  corn  is  the 
great  staple  of  Missouri ;  but  hemp,  tobacco,  winter  wheat, 
barley,  hay,  oats,  fruit,  sweet  and  true  potatoes,  market-  and 
dairy-products,  wool,  wine,  beef,  and  pork  are  all  produced 
in  large  excess  over  home  demands.  Sorghum  and  castor- 
oil  beans  are  important  crops.  Even  cotton  is  grown  in 
the  S.  But  grazing  and  stock-breeding  is,  perhaps,  the 
leading  farm  interest,  and  great  numbers  of  neat  cattle, 
horses,  mules,  &o.,  are  forwarded  hence  to  Eastern  markets. 

Forests. — The  hill-country  is  well  wooded  with  pine  and 
oak,  and  the  river-bottoms  produce  much  cypress,  ash, 
locust,  oak,  hickory,  pecan,  bass-wood,  cottonwood,  and 
walnut,  the  N.  and  W.  sections  having  less  timber  than  the 
•ther  parts.  The  official  returns  give  Missouri  a  very 
respectable  rank  as  regards  the  value  of  its  lumber  and 
forest  products ;  yet  it  is  very  largely  and  chiefly  supplied 
with  lumber  from  the  Upper  Lake  states. 

Manufactures. — Some  notice  of  the  extent  of  the  mining 
and  metallurgical  interests  of  the  state  has  already  been 
given.  Besides  these  operations,  Missouri  carries  on  large 
manufactures  of  agricultural  implements,  bagging,  boots 
and  shoes,  bricks,  bridges,  cars,  carriages,  drain-tile,  flour, 
castings,  chemicals,  leather,  lumber,  cooperage,  machinery, 
musical  instruments,  castor  oil,  lard  oil,  paints,  tobacco, 
snuff,  spirits,  wine,  cigars,  woollens,  chandlery,  soap,  <fcc. 
St.  Louis  is  the  leading  centre  of  manufactures ;  but  Han- 
nibal, Cape  Girardeau,  Kansas  City,  Joplin,  St.  Joseph, 
Lexington,  Sec,  are  developing  these  and  similar  industries. 
Fork-packing  is  an  important  interest  here. 

Railroads. — In  1852,  when  the  first  railroad  of  Missouri 
was  opened,  there  were  38  miles  of  track;  in  1855,  139 
miles;  in  1860,  817  miles;  in  1870,  2000  miles;  in  1885, 
4988  miles;  in  1890,  6142  miles.  Several  iron  railroad 
bridges  span  the  Mississippi  and  Missouri  Rivers,  and  the 
roads  connect  with  all  important  points  in  the  W.,  S.,  and 
S.W.,  as  well  as  eastward.  The  steam  navigation  of  the 
rivers  is  of  late  quite  Subsidiary  to  the  railroad  business. 

Finances. — The  bonded  state  debt,  January  1,  1891,  was 
$8,533,000.  Of  this  sum  $7,000,000  bore  interest  at  3i  per 
cent.,  and  the  remainder  at  6  per  cent.  The  school  and 
seminary  funds  are  represented  by  state  certificates  of  in- 
debtedness to  the  amount  of  $3,68.3,000,  of  which  $3,042,000 
yield  interest  at  6  per  cent.,  and  the  remaining  $641,000 
at  5  per  cent.  The  school  fund  has  $3,143,000  of  this  sum, 
and  the  seminary  fund  $540,000.  In  1890  there  was  a 
taxable  wealth  of  $865,691,803.44. 

The  counties,  including  St.  Louis  City  which  became 
independent  in  1875,  are  115  in  number,  viz.,  Adair,  An- 
drew, Atchison,  Audrain,  Barry,  Barton,  Bates,  Benton, 
Bollinger,  Boone,  Buchanan,  Butler,  Caldwell,  Callaway, 
Camden,  Cape  Girardeau,  Carroll,  Carter,  Cass,  Cedar,  Char- 
iton, Christian,  Clarke,  Clay,  Clinton,  Cole,  Cooper,  Craw- 


ford, Dado,  Dallas,  Daviess,  De  Kalb,  Dent,  Doogli 
Dunklin,  Franklin,  Gasconade,  Gentry,  Greene,  Qrund 
Harrison,  Henry,  Hickory,  Holt,  Howard,  Ilowell,  In 
Jackson,  Jasper,  Jefferson,  Johnson,  Knox,  Laclede  1. 
fuyetto,  Lawrence,  Lewis,  Lincoln,  l.inn,  Livingston'  i\ 
Donald,  Macon,  Madison,  Maries,  Marion,  Mercer,  Milli 
Mississipni,  Moniteau,  Monroe,  Alontgonicry,  Morgan,  N( 
Madrid,  Newton,  Nodaway,  Oregon,  ().fa;;i',  Ozurk,  I'emi 
cot.  Perry,  Pettis,  Phelps,  Pike,  Plalto,  I'olk,  PuImI 
Putnam,  Ralls,  Randolph,  Ray,  Reynolds,  Ripley,  i 
Charles,  St.  Clair,  St.  Francois,  St.  Genevieve,  St.  Lou 
St.  Louis  City,  Saline,  Schuyler,  Scotland,  Scott,  Shanno 
Shelby,  Stoddard,  Stone,  Sullivan,  Taney,  Texas,  Vorno 
Warren,  Washington,  Wayne,  Webster,  Worth,  and  Wrigl 

The  principal  cities  are  St.  Louis,  the  metropolis,  en  I 
Mississippi  (pop.  in  1890,  451,770);  Kansas  City  (pop. 
1890,  132,710,  including  13,048  persons  since  decided  I 
the  supreme  court  to  be  outside  the  city  limits) ;  St.  Josei 
(52,324),  Springfield  (21,850),  Sedalia  (14,068),  Hannib 
(12,857),  Joplin  (9943),  Moberly  (8215),  Carthage  (79SI 
Nevada  (7262),  Jefferson  City,  the  capital  (6742),  Ind 
pendence  (6380),  St.  Charles  (6161),  Chillioothe  (5715 
Louisiana  (5090),  besides  many  other  active  and  tbrivii 
places,  such  as  Webb,  Trenton,  Mexico,  Clinton,  Warren 
burg,  Brookfield,  Lexington,  Fulton,  Cape  Girardeau,  Ma 
shall,  Boonville,  Marysville,  <tc. 

Government,  dbc. — The  governor  serves  for  a  term  of  i\ 
years.  Judges  are  elected  by  the  people  for  fixed  terms  i 
service.  Voters  must  be  able  to  read  and  write,  and  bcfu 
registration  must  have  lived  one  year  in  the  state  and  six 
days  in  the  district  where  registered.  The  legislature  si 
biennially. 

Education. — Missouri  has  an  effective  system  of  publ 
education,  placed  under  the  care  of  a  state  board  and 
state  superintendent,  although  the  schools  of  each  partic 
lar  locality  are  largely  under  the  control  of  the  people  i 
the  place.  Separate  schools  are  maintained  for  color 
youth.  The  St.  Louis  schools  are  especially  successfi 
giving  instruction  in  English  and  German,  and  embracii 
day  and  evening  schools  of  all  grades,  from  the  kinde 
gartcn  up  to  the  high  and  the  polytechnic  school.  Tlic 
are  normal  schools  at  St.  Louis,  Jackson,  Kirksville,  Wa 
rensburg,  and  Cape  Girardeau,  a  training-school  for  colon 
teachers  at  Jefferson  City,  public  high  schools  in  mar 
towns,  and  a  state  university  ut  Columbia,  to  which 
affiliated  a  normal  college,  and  the  school  of  mines  at  Roll 
There  are  two  universities  at  St.  Louis,  and  one  at  Canto 
besides  colleges  at  Cape  Girardeau,  College  Mound,  Fayett 
Fulton,  Glasgow,  Palmyra,  Greenwood,  Hannibal,  Iml 
pendence,  Kidder,  Liberty,  St.  Joseph,  St.  Louis,  or 
bpringfield,  some  of  them  well  endowed  and  embracit 
professional  and  other  departments  of  instruction.  The 
are  several  law,  medical,  and  theological  schools,  and 
large  number  of  denominational  and  other  private  schools 

History. — Fort  Orleans,  near  where  Jefferson  City  stjind 
was  built  by  the  French  in  1719.  St.  Genevieve  was  se 
tied  in  1755,  and  St.  Louis  in  1764.  The  country  was 
part  of  the  Louisiana  province,  and  remained  under  Freuc 
and  Spanish  authority  until  1803,  when  the  whole  provini 
was  purchased  by  the  United  States.  It  formed  a  part  c 
Louisiana  Territory  until  1812,  when  it  took  the  name  o 
Missouri.  The  state  of  Missouri  was  admitted  to  the  Unio 
in  1821,  after  a  protracted  and  exciting  political  struggli 
which  ended  in  the  "Missouri  Compromise"  of  1820,  b 
which  the  new  state  was  permitted  to  retain  slavery.  Tht 
part  of  the  former  territory  which  was  not  made  a  portio 
of  the  st-ate  retained  the  name  of  Missouri  Territory  unt 
1854.  It  extended  northward  to  British  America  an 
westward  to  the  Rocky  Mountains.  The  state  did  not  r< 
ceive  its  exact  present  limits  until  1835.  Missouri  earl 
monopolized  the  once-lucrative  Santa  F6  trade,  and  becniu 
also  the  headquarters  of  the  hunters  and  trappers  of  tb 
Far  West.  In  the  Kansas  war  of  1854  the  citizens  of  th 
western  border  took  an  active  part  against  the  frce-sUiti 
movement;  and  from  that  time  until  1865  a  partisan  wart 
fare  was  kept  up,  with  few  intermissions,  gradually  widenj 
ing  its  field,  until,  during  the  war  of  1861-65,  nearly  evert 
part  of  the  state  was  at  times  more  or  less  exposed  to  it; 
ravages.  For  more  than  ten  years  after  the  war,  cortaii 
members  of  the  old  gangs  of  "  bushwhackers"  lived  princi 
pally  by  acts  of  robbery  and  violence.  Missouri  never  pas*e< 
an  ordinance  of  secession,  the  prompt  action  of  the  Ger 
mans  and  other  citizens  of  the  free-state  party  prevcntini 
it,  but  the  state  was  the  theatre  of  several  active  campaigns 
Since  the  war  the  progress  of  Missouri  has  been  encour 
aging,  and  there  has  been  especially  a  multiplication  am 
widening  of  the  fields  of  industry,  which  have  already  dou' 


I 


MIS 


1853 


MIT 


niich  to  develop  the  rich  and  thus  far  comparatively  uhap- 
ireoiatcd  mineral  and  agricultural  wealth  of  the  state.  Mis- 
„uri  has  been  called  "the  "Pennsylvania  of  the  West;" 
iiid  her  rich  stores  of  coal,  iron,  zinc,  and  lead  amply  jus- 
ify  the  title. 

Population. — The  original  white  stock  of  Missouri  was 

)rincipally  of  French  origin,  and  the  early  English-speak- 

iig  immigrants  were  principally  from  the  northern  tier  of 

hive  states.    There  is  at  present  a  large  and  thrifty  Ger- 

iiiin  clement  in  its  population.     Many  thousands  of  people 

if  the  old  Missouri  stock  migrated  long  since  to  the  Pacific 

oast  and  California  and  Nevada,  and  especially  Oregon, 

rere  very  largely  peopled  by  them.     Pop.  in  1810,  20,845: 

n  1820,  66,586;  in  1830,   140,145;  in  1840,  383,702;  in 

S3'),  682,044;  in  1860,  1,182,012:  in  1870,  1,721,296;  in 

88),  2,168,380;  in  1890,  2,679,184. 

Missouri,  a  township  of  Brown  cc.  111. 

Missouri,  a  township  of  Boone  co..  Mo.     Pop.  2812. 

Missouri,  a  township  of  Chariton  co..  Mo.     Pop.  820. 

Missouri  City,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co..  Mo.,  on  the 

{.  bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis,  Kan- 

as  City  &  Northern  Railroad,  21  miles  E.N.E.  of  Kansas 

'ity,  and  8  miles  E.  of  Liberty.     It  has  2  churches,  a  sav- 

a"3-bank,  a  flour-mill,  and  2  plough-factories.     Pop.  572. 

Missouri  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prince  William  co., 

'a.,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Quantico.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a 

;a\T-mill. 

I  Missouri  State  University,  a  post-office  of  Boone 
10.,  Mo.,  is  near  Columbia. 
Missouriton,mis-soo'r§-t9n,  a  post-office  of  St.  Charles 
>.,  Mo.,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  about  35 
liles  W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Missouri  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  co.,  Iowa, 
n  or  near  the  Boyer  River,  in  St.  John  township,  and  on 
ae  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with 
!:ie  Sioux  City  &  Pacific  Railroad,  21  miles  N.  of  Council 
, Huffs,  and  about  14  miles  E.  of  Blair,  Neb.  It  has  a  news- 
iaper  office,  2  banking-houses,  a  graded  school,  and  3 
thurches.  Pop.  in  1890,  2797. 
Mistas'sa,  a  river  of  Quebec,  falls  into  Lake  St.  John. 
t  is  navigable  for  large  boats  for  many  miles,  and  farther 
p  for  bark  canoes. 

Mistassini,  mis-tas-see'ne,  a  large  lake  of  British 

orth  America,  Canada,  close  to  the  height  of  land  which 

Ivides  the  waters  of  the  Saguenay  from  those  flowing  into 

Uudson's  Bay,  in  lat.  51°  N.,  Ion.  72°  to  73°  W.     This  lake 

jirms  the  bead -waters  of  Rupert  River,  flowing  into  James's 

;iy.    The  extent  of  this  lake  is  but  imperfectly  known, 

it  its  length  cannot  be  much,  if  any,  less  than  a  hundred 

.lies.    It  appears,  however,  to  be  comparatively  narrow, 

ping  probably  not  more  than  15  miles  wide. 

1  Mistassini  ("The  Large  Rock")  River,  a  river  of 

uebec,  is  formed  by  the  junction  of  two  rivers,  the  Wash- 

amiscou  and  the  Kakissagan,  and  runs  into  the  N.W.  side 

'  Lake  St.  John,  about  3  miles  from  the  river  Ashuap- 

ouchouan.    It  is  about  3  miles  wide  at  its  mouth,  in- 

uJing  a  group  of  islets,  but  is  extremely  shallow.     It  is 

;so  called  the  Riviere  de  Sable,  or  Sand  River. 

k^Mistek,  mis'tSk,  a  town  of  Moravia,  50  miles  E.N.E. 

I'  Olmutz.    Pop.  3303. 

■  Mistelbach,  niis't§l-bS,K\  a  town  of  Lower  Austria, 
I  the  Zaya,  27  miles  N.N.E,  of  Vienna.     Pop.  2401.     It 
IS  a  college  of  the  Barnabites  and  a  hospital. 
Misterbianco,  mis'tSn-be-in'ko,  a  town  of  Sicily,  4 
lies  N._W.  of  Catania.     Pop.  5678. 

Misti,mis'tee,  a  volcanic  mountain  of  Peru,  a  few  miles 
.E.  of  Arequipa.     Height,  18,538  feet.    The  name  Misti 
also  less  correctly  given  to  the  volcano  of  Huayna  Putina, 
miles  S.E.  of  Arequipa.     Height,  17,454  feet. 
Mistra,  mis'tri,  or  Misitra,  mis'§-tri,  a  town   of 
|-ccce,  Morea,  capital  of  Lacedsemon,  on  the  side  of  a  hill 
I  owned  by  its  citadel,  30  miles  S.  of  Tripolitza.     Pop. 
1 00.     About  6  miles  N.E.  are  the  remains  of  ancient 
i  mrta,  scattered  for  about  a  mile  over  five  low  hills. 
fMistretta,  mis-trfit'ti  (anc.  Amastra,  Amestratus,  and 
\ijtti»tratun\.),  a  town  of  Sicily,  68  miles  W.S.W.  of  Mes- 
!  la.    It  occupies  a  lofty  eminence  on  the  Regitano,  and 
!  its  vicinity  is  a  petroleum  spring.     Pop.  11,218, 
[Mita,  mec'ti,  a  town  of  Guatemala,  in  the  department 
!  Chiquimula.     Pop.  3300, 

I  Mitau,  mee'tow, or  Mittau, mit'tSw  (L. Mtttavia ;  Let- 
a,Jdfjava,  yil-gi'vi),  a  town  of  Russia,  capital  of  Cour- 
id,  on  the  Aa,  here  crossed  by  a  bridge  of  boats,  25  miles 
rail  S.W.  of  Riga,  and  350  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Petersburg. 
lit.  56°  39'  N. ;  ion.  23°  44'  E.  Pop.  30,000,  half  of  whom 
|5  of  German  descent.  It  covers  a  large  space,  of  which, 
wever,  a  considerable  portion  is  occupied  by  gardens;  it  is 


indifferently  built,  the  houses  being  chiefly  of  wood,  many  of 
the  streets  narrow  and  crooked,  but  some  also  wide,  straight, 
and  regular.  The  most  interesting  building  is  the  castle,  or 
palace,  which  stands  on  an  island  surrounded  by  the  canals 
of  the  Aa.  Among  the  other  buildings  and  institutions  may 
bo  mentioned  churches,  synagogues,  a  museum,  a  library, 
an  observatory,  a  gymnasium  with  9  professors,  a  society  of 
literature,  a  hospital,  an  orphan  and  a  lunatic  asylum,  a 
casino,  and  a  theatre.  Its  manufactures  include  linen, 
hosiery,  soap,  and  leather;  and  its  trade  is  important. 

Mitcheldean,  a  town  of  England,  See  Dkan  Mitchel. 

Mitch'ell,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Georgia,  has 
an  area  of  about  507  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.W.  by  Flint  River,  'The  surface  is  level,  and  a  large  pitrt 
of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Savannah, 
Florida  &  Western  Railroad.  Capital,  Camilla.  Pop.  in 
1870,  6633;  in  1880,  9392;  in  1890,  10,906. 

Mitchell,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Iowa,  borders  on 
Minnesota.  Area,  about  480  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Cedar  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Little 
Cedar  River  and  the  West  Branch  of  the  Wapsipinicon.  The 
surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
The  greater  part  of  it  is  prairie.  Wheat,  oats,  Indian  corn, 
hay,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  Devonian  lime- 
stone underlies  part  of  the  soil.  This  county  is  traversed 
by  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  and  the  Winona  &  South- 
western Railroad,  and  its  N.W.  corner  is  crossed  by  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad  and  the  Chicago, 
St.  Paul  &  Kansas  City  Railroad.  Capital,  Osage,  Pop. 
in  1870,  9582;  in  1880,  14,363;  in  1890,  13,299. 

Mitchell,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an 
area  of  720  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Solomon 
River,  the  North  and  South  Forks  of  which  unite  in  the 
N.W.  part  of  this  county.  It  is  also  drained  by  Limestone 
and  Salt  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  About  98  per  cent,  of  it  is  prairie.  In- 
dian corn,  wheat,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  Lime- 
stone is  found  here.  Capital,  Beloit.  Pop.  in  1870,485; 
in  1875,  5370;  in  1880,  14,911;  in  1890,  15,037. 

Mitchell,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  North  Carolina, 
borders  on  Tennessee.  Area,  about  324  square  miles.  It 
is  drained  by  the  Nolachucky  River,  and  bounded  on  the 
S.E.  by  the  Blue  Ridge.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  and 
mostly  covered  with  forests.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  grass,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  Excellent  iron  and  mica  are 
mined,  and  asbestos  is  abundant.  Capital,  Bakersville. 
Pop.  in  1870,  4705;  in  1880,  9435;  in  1890,  12,807. 

Mitchell,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Texas.  Area, 
900  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  from  N.  to  S.  by  the 
Colorado  River,  and  watered  by  North  and  South  Champion, 
Ilackberry,  and  Morgan  Creeks.  The  surface  is  rolling 
prairie,  with  fertile  valleys.  Stock-raising  is  the  chief 
industry.  Salt  is  found  here.  Capital,  Colorado.  Pop.  in 
1880,  117;  in  1890,  2059, 

Mitchell,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co.,-Ind.,  64  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Vineennes,  and  61  miles  N.W.  of  New  Albany, 
It  has  several  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  flouring-mill, 
a  planing-mill,  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  1583. 

Mitchell,  a  post-village  of  Mitchell  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Red  Cedar  River,  and  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Charles 
City  with  Mona,  21  miles  N.N.W.  of  Charles  City,  and  4 
or  5  miles  N.W.  of  Osage.  It  has  a  bank,  a  woollen  mill, 
and  3  churches.     Pop.  309. 

Mitchell,  a  post-office  of  Antrim  co.,  Mich, 

Mitchell,  a  station  of  Pickaway  co.,  0.,  on  the  Scioto 
Valley  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Circleville. 

Mitchell,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Davison  co.,  S.D., 
at  the  junction  of  two  railroads,  70  miles  N.W.  of  Yankton. 
It  has  a  university,  several  churches,  a  bank,  a  broom- 
factory,  a  foundry,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  paint, 
paper,  and  cigars.  Four  newspapers  are  published  here. 
Pop.  2217. 

Mitchell,  a  post-office  of  Robertson  co.,  Tenn. 

Mitchell,  a  village  in  Perth  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  river 
Thames,  with  a  station  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  32 
miles  S.E.  of  Goderich.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  branch 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  2  foundries,  saw-,  grist-,  woollen-, 
flax-,  and  oatmeal-mills,  and  several  factories.     Pop.  1802. 

Mitchell  River,  a  stream  of  Australia,  in  the  S.E, 
part  of  Victoria,  is  formed  by  the  Dargo  and  the  Wonnon- 
gotta,  flows  S.  and  S.E.,  and  reaches  Lake  King,  a  seaside 
lagoon.     Length,  to  the  head  of  the  Dargo,  105  miles. 

Mitchell's,  a  station  on  the  Denver  &  Boulder  Valley 
Railroad,  12  miles  E.  by  N,  of  Boulder,  Col, 

Mitch'ell  sburg,  a  post-village  of  Boyle  co.,  Ky.,  on 


MIT 


1854 


MIZ 


the  KnoxvllU  Branch  of  tbo  Louisville  t  Xuhville  Rail- 
road, S£  milM  S.E.  of  Louisville.  It  bos  a  ohuroU,  a  Uour- 
luill,  and  a  woollen-factory. 

Mitchell*8  Corners,  a  bamlot  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  3 
miles  from  Montgomory. 

MitchelPs  Creek,  a  post-bamlot  of  Tioga  oo.,  Pa.,  on 
tbo  Tioga  Ilailroad,  17  miles  S.  of  Corning. 

MitchelPs  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Elmore  co.,  Ala. 

Mitchell's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Attala  co.,  Miss.,  13 
mi  log  N.  of  Kusciuako.     lloro  i^  a  grist-mill. 

Mitchell's  Mills,  Indiana  co.,  Pa.     See  Dimcnvillr. 

Mitchell's  Pcnk,  Nurth  Carolina,  is  a  poalc  of  the 
Bliick  Mountains,  in  Yancoy  oo.,  about  3  milos  W.  of  tbe 
Blue  Kidgo.  It  is  sooiotimcs  called  the  Blaok  Dome.  Its 
altitude  is  computed  to  be  67U7  feet  above  the  sea-lovcl. 

Mitchell's  Salt-Works,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson 
eo.,  0.,  11  milos  S.  of  Ilammondsvilio. 

Mitchell's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Bullock  oo.,  Ala., 
on  the  Montgomery  &  Eufaula  Ilailroad,  25  miles  S.E.  of 
Montgomery. 

Mitchell's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Culncper  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  7  miles  b.  of  Culpeper 
Court-IIouso.     Hero  are  2  stores. 

Mitch'ellstOAvn,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  25  miles 
N.N.K.  of  Cork.    It  has  a  church  and  a  college.    Pop.  2743. 

Mitchell stOAvn  Caves,  in  Ire'and,  co.  of  Tii)perary, 
7  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mitohullstown,  are  a  large  and  fine  scries 
of  stalactitio  caverns. 

Mitch'ellsville,  a  post-bamlet  of  Saline  co..  111.,  on 
Saline  River,  6  miles  S.  of  Harrisburg. 

Mitchellsville,  a  post-hamlot  of  Steuben  co.,  N.T., 
about  34  miles  N.W.  of  Elmira.     It  baa  a  lumber-mill,  <fec. 

Mitchellsville,  a  post-village  of  Sumner  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Louisville  A  Nashville  Railroad,  44  miles  N.  by  E. 
of  Nashville.     It  has  several  stores. 

Mitch'ellton,  a  post-office  of  Scrivcn  oo.,  Ga. 

Mitch'elltrec,  a  township  of  Martin  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
1026.     It  is  traversed  by  the  East  Fork  of  White  River. 

Mitch'ellville,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Chicago,  Rook  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  17  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Des  Moines.  It  is  |  of  a  mile  N.  of  Mitchellvillc  Station 
on  the  Keokuk  &  Des  Moines  Railroad.  It  has  a  seminary,  a 
bank,  2  churches,  and  a  manufactory  of  patent  spring  bods. 
Pop.  in  1890,  704. 

Mitchellville,a  post-office  of  Prince  George's  co.,  Md., 
i  milo  from  the  Baltimore  &  Potomac  Railroad. 

Mitchellville,  a  post-hamlct  of  Ilarrison  co..  Mo., 
about  44  miles  N.W.  of  Cbillicotiie. 

Mitch'ie,  a  post-township  of  Monroe  co..  111.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  about  40   miles   below   St.  Louis,   Mo. 
Pop.  799.     Mitchie  Post-Offico  is  opposite  Sclina  Land-" 
ing,  Mo. 

Mitelius  (m^-tel'e-us)  River,  Oregon,  rises  in  the  Cas- 
cade Range,  runs  northeastward  in  AVasco  co.,  and  enters 
the  Des  Chutes  River. 

Mith'o,  or  Myth'o,  a  town  of  French  Cochin  China, 
capital  of  Mitho  province,  and  the  second  town  in  the  col- 
ony, on  the  principal  delta-branch  of  the  Mekong  River,  23 
miles  from  the  sea.     It  is  the  seat  of  a  large  trade. 

Mitia,  one  of  the  Society  Islandti.    See  Matia. 

Mitiero,  mo-te-4'ro,  or  Mittiaro,  mit-te-i'ro,  one  of 
the  Cook  Islands,  in  the  South  Pacific.  Lat.  20°  1'  S. ; 
Ion.  157°  34'  W.     Length,  about  4  miles. 

MitIa,  mit'li,  a  village  of  Mexico,  state  and  26  miles 
!E.  of  Oajaca,  on  the  table-land  of  Mixtccapan.  It  has 
extensive  remains  of  anoient  tombs  and  other  edifices,  in 
one  place  distinguished  from  all  other  Mexican  ruins  by 
columns  supporting  a  roof. 

Mi'tre  Island,  Pacific  Oce.in,  lat.  of  S.E.  point,  11° 
55'  S.,  Ion.  170°  20'  W.,  is  named  after  promontories  resem- 
bling a  mitre  and  steeple. 

Mitri,  me'tree,  a  town  of  Beloochistan,  province  of 
Cutch-Qundava,  N.  of  B'hag. 

Mitrovitza,  me-tro-veet'si,  a  town  of  Servia,  75  miles 
by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Uskup. 

Mitrowicz,  Mitrovicz,  or  Mitrowitz,  mit'ro-vits^ 
(Hun.  Demetrovicze,  di^miHroH'cet'si'),  a  town  of  Austro- 
Hungary,  Slavonian  military  frontier,  24  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Peterwardein,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Save.  Pop.  5942. 
It  has  a  Roman  Catholic  church,  3  Greek  ohorches,  a  high 
school,  and  numerous  Roman  antiquities. 

Mitsoo,  a  lake  of  Japan.    See  Oits. 

Mit^tagong'  Range,  a  range  of  bills  in  New  South 
Wales,  CO.  of  Camden. 

Mittau,  or  Mittaw,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Mitau. 

Mittelbach,  mit't^l-bix^  a  village  of  Saxony,  circle 
of  Zwickau,  bailiwick  of  Chemnitz.     Pop.  1762. 


Mittelberg,  mit'tvl-bauo',  a  village  of  Auotria,  in  V( 
arlbcrg,  district  of  Brcgenxorwald.     Pop.  15u0. 

Mittcl-Uilrnten,  Switzerland.    See  DUuntm. 

Mittehneor.    See  Mkditkukankan. 

Mittel-Schonbach,  liohcmia.    See  SciiBjjbach 

Mittulwaldc,  mit'tvl-*iPdgh,  a  town  of  Pruul. 
Silosia,  on  the  Neisse,  39  miles  S.W.  of  Neisae.    Pop.  247 

Mittelwalde,  or  Mittcnwaldc,  mit't«n-*ilrdeh 
town  of  Prussia,  23  miles  E.S.E.  of  Poudani.    Pop.  2151 

MitteUcIl,  an  island  of  Baden.    See  RkichekIu. 

Mittenwnid,  mit'tt;n-w4lt*,  a  town  of  BavariJi,  on  tl 
Isar,  51  miles  S.S.W.  of  Munich.     Pop.  1C85, 

Mittcnwalde,atownof  Prussia.    See  Mittblwalw 

Mitterbiirg,  a  town  of  Illyria.    See  I'isixo. 

Mittertcicli,  mit't^r-tiK*,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Unpi 
Franconia,  E.  of  Baireuth.     Pop.  1935. 

Mittiaro,  an  island  of  the  Pacific.    See  Miruno. 

Mittimce,  mitHe-meo',  an  oasis  of  Central  Africa, ', 
miles  N.W.  of  Lake  Chad,  with  upwards  of  50  wolli. 

Mittiucague,  mil'te-necg',  a  post-village  in  We 
Springfield  township,  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Woslflol 
River,  about  3  miles  W.  of  Springfield.  It  bus  a  church, 
cotton-mill,  and  3  paper-mills. 

Mit'ton,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  3  mil( 
S.S.W.  of  Clitheroe.     Pop.  of  narish,  3550. 

Mitton,  or  Mitten  ana  Stour'port,  a  town  o 
England,  in  Worcestershire,  on  the  Severn,  at  the  mouth  o 
the  Stour,  4  miles  S.S.W,  of  Kidderminster.  It  inoludt 
the  town  of  Stourport  and  the  adjacent  hamlets  of  Upjx 
and  Lower  Mitton. 

Mittun-Kote,  mit't&n-kCt',  a  town  of  the  Pui^jab,  o 
the  W.  bank  of  the  Indus,  in  lat.  28°  64'  N.,  Ion.  70°  25'  I 
Pop.  4000.     It  is  surrounded  by  date-groves. 

Mittwcida,  mitt'*iMl,  a  town  of  Saxony,  circle  o 
Zwickau,  35  miles  S.E.  of  Lcipsic,  on  the  Zscboppau,  a 
afiluent  of  the  Mulde.  It  has  extensive  manufactures  o 
woollen,  cotton,  and  linen  fabrics.     Pop.  8845. 

Mittweida,  a  village  of  Saxony,  54  miles  S.S.E.  o 
Leinsic.     Pop.  1086. 

Mitylene,  mit-e-lee'nee,  or  Metclin,  m£t-e-Ieen'  (am 
Lea'bos  ;  Gr.  Aecr^ot),  an  island  of  the  iEgean  Sea,  belonj 
ing  to  Turkey,  near  the  coast  of  Asia  Minor,  mostly  betweo 
lat.  39°  and  39°  20'  N.  and  Ion.  25°  50'  and  26°  35'  1 
Estimated  area,  276  square  miles.  Pop.  40,0U0.  Two  baj 
indent  it  on  the  S.  side,  and  it  has  good  harbors  and  a  fci 
tile  soil.  A  range  of  mountains  traversing  it  is  clothe 
with  pine  woods,  and  at  their  base  are  many  olivo-gruund 
and  vineyards,  but  the  island  was  greatly  devastated  durin 
the  Greek  struggle.  The  principal  products  are  oil  an 
pine  timber,  with  some  grapes,  figs,  cotton,  and  pitch ;  it 
wine,  anciently  famous,  is  now  inferior  j  and  the  corn  raise 
is  insufficient  for  the  inhabitants.  Principal  towns,  Castr 
(or  Mitylene)  and  Molivo.  Theophrastus,  I'ittacus,  AlcffiOi 
and  Sappho  were  natives  of  this  island.    See  Castuo. 

Mius,  mee-oos'  (?),  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  S.i 
of  the  government  of  Yekatorinoslav,  and  falls  by  a  wid 
estunry  into  the  Sea  of  Azof. 

Mixares,  a  river  and  town  of  Spain.    See  MiJAREIi 

Mixas,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Mijas. 

Mixco,  mix'ko,  a  village  of  Guatemala,  5  miles  S.W.  ol 
the  city  of  Guatemala.     Pop.  4000. 

3Iix'ersvillc,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind.,abou 
26  miles  S.  of  Richmond. 

Mix  Run,  a  station  in  Cameron  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Lot 
Grade  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Driftwood. 

Mixstadt,  mix'stAtt,  a  town  of  Prussia,  provino*  nt 
80  miles  S.S.E.  of  Posen.     Pop.  1458. 

Mixtecapan,  mix-ti-k3.-p4n',  a  table-land  of  Mexico 
occupying  most  part  of  the  department  of  Oajaca,  bctwcer 
the  plains  of  Mexico  and  La  Puebia  and  the  Isthmus  of 
Tehuantepec.  Average  elevation,  5000  feet.  In  its  S.  pan 
it  is  traversed  by  several  broad  valleys  extending  E.  ant 
W.     On  it  is  tbo  city  of  Oajaca ;  also  the  ruins  of  Mitla, 

Mix'town,  a  post-office  of  "Tioga  co..  Pa 

Mix'ville  (West  Cheshire  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of  New 
Haven  CO.,  Conn.,  in  Cheshire  township,  li  miles  from 
Cheshire  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  brass-rolling-mill,  and 
a  manufactory  of  chisel?,  drawing-knives,  &o.  \ 

Miya,  mce'yi,  a  seaport  town  of  Japan,  island  of  IloodoJ 
7  miles  S.W.  of  Nagoya,  on  the  Bay  of  Ovari.  It  has  » 
large  trade.     Pop.  12,000.  .    . 

Miyandab,  me-y&n-dib',  a  highly-cultivated  plam  m 
Persia,  Azerbaijan,  on  the  S.E.  side  of  Lake  Ooroomceyah. 

Miyarisima,  me-yi-re-see'niA,  an  island  of  Japan, 
S.S.E.  of  Nokisima,  inhabited  chiefly  by  fishermen. 

Mizantia,  mc-san'tl4,a  ruined  city  of  Mexico,  .35  milei| 
N.E.  of  Jalapa,  on  a  plateau  near  the  Gulf  of  Mexico, 


MIZ 


^8!^^ 


*I06 


Miz'en  Head  (anc,  No'tium  Promonto'rium),  a  cape 
Ireland,  co.  of  Cork.     Lat.  51°  27'  N.j  Ion.  9°  50'  W. 
Mizhiritch,  or  Myiritch,  me-je-ritch',  a  town  of 
jssia,  government  and  79  miles  N.W.  of  Kharkov.     Pop. 
out  8000.     It  is  enclosed  by  ramparts,  and  has  .3  annual 
irs,  at  which  large  quantities  of  woollen  cloths  are  sold. 
Mizhirizch,  or  Mijiritch,  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
snt  of  Kiev,  28  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cherkasce. 
Mizque,  mees'kA,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  department  of 
.chabamba,  32  miles  S.E.  of  the  city  of  Cochabamba. 
Mizr,  or  Mizraim,  Africa.    See  Egypt. 
Mlava,  or  MlaAva,  m'li'vl,  a  river  of  Scrvia,  joins 
e  Danube  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Semendria,  after  a  N.  course 
50  miles. 

Mlava,  or  Mlawa,m'll'vS,,  a  town  of  Poland,  province 
d  46  miles  N.N.E.  of  Plock.     Pop.  6134. 
Mnisek,  m'nee'sik,  or  Mnischeck,  m'nish'Sk,  a  town 
liohoraia,  17  miles  S.S.W.  of  Prague.     Pop.  1000. 
Moa,  mo'i,  an  island  of  Cuba,  on  its  N.  coast,  40  miles 
.AV.  of  Baracoa. 

Moa,  an  island  of  the  Eastern  Archipelago.   Lat.  8°  15' 
;  Ion.  128°  5'  E.     Length,  20  miles. 
Moa,  or  Sierra  de  Moa,  se-Su'Ri  di  mo'3,,  a  moun- 
in-range  in  the  island  of  Cuba,  30  miles  W.  of  Baracoa. 
Moar,  nio-ar',  a  river  of  Malacca,  enters  the  ocean  after 
course  of  100  miles. 

Mo'ark,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Clay  co.,  Ark.,  on 
e  Jlissouri  line,  on  the  Cairo  &  Fulton  Railroad,  20  miles 
of  Poplar  Bluff,  Mo.,  and  6  miles  N.  of  Corning.  P.  80. 
Moate,  mot,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Westmeath,  9  miles 
S.E.  of  Athlone.     Pop.  1531. 

Moawequa,  a  village  of  Illinois.    See  Moweaqua. 
Mobaruckpoor,  India.    See  Mubakakpoor. 
Mo'berly,  a  post-village  of  Randolph  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern  Railroad  where  it  crosses 

0  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of 
e  Northern  division  of  the  first-named  road,  23  miles  S. 

iMacon,  38  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Mexico,  and  38  miles  N.N.E. 

Boonville.    A  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers  are  pub- 

hed  here.     It   has   a   savings-bank,  1   other  bank,  11 

i'urches,  a  high  school,  manufactures  of  carriages,  flour,  and 
bacco,  and  railroad  machine-  and  car-shops.  Pop.  1614. 
Mobile,  mo-beel',  the  most  southwestern  county  of  Ala- 
ma,  borders  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Area,  about  1234 
uarc  miles.    It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Mobile  River 

1  Mobile  Bay,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  state  of  Mississippi. 
19  partly  drained  by  the  Eseatawpa  River.  The  surface 
level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  pine  forests. 

■le  soil  is  sandy.  Lumber,  Indian  corn,  and  sweet  pota- 
[es  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
'e  Mobile  &  Ohio,  Louisville  &  Nashville,  and  East  Ten- 
ssee,  Virginia  <fc  Georgia  Railroads,  all  of  which  centre 
Mobile,  the  capital,  which  is  also  connected  with  Spring 
"ill  by  the  Mobile  &  Spring  Hill  Railway.  Pop.  in  1870, 
[,311;  in  1880,  48,653;  in  1890,  51,587. 
^Mobile,  a  city,  port  of  entry,  and  capital  of  Mobile  co., 
».,  is  situated  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Mobile  River,  at  its  en- 
mce  into  the  bay  of  the  same  name,  30  miles  N.  of  the  Gulf 
I  Mexico,  165  miles  E.  by  N.  of  New  Orleans,  178  miles  by 
il  S.W.of  Montgomery,  and  1033  miles  from  Washington. 
|it._30°  41'  48"  N. ;  Ion.  87°  59'  W.  It  is  by  far  the  most 
nsiderable  city  of  the  state  in  population  and  commerce, 

!d  ranks  third  as  a  cotton-market  in  the  United  States, 
le  site  is  a  level  sandy  plain,  sufficiently  elevated  for 
nvenient  drainage,  being  about  15  feet  higher  than  the 
I  y.  The  streets  are  wide,  and  mostly  extend  N.  and  S.  or 
I  and  W.  Much  attention  has  been  paid  to  planting  shade- 
Jseg,  and  the  city  is  supplied  with  spring  water  brought 
jim  a  distance  of  several  miles.  It  is  not  compactly  built, 
[cept  the  portion  occupied  by  the  commercial  houses.  On 
le  S.  and  W.  sides  of  the  city  are  dry,  sandy  pine  hills. 
Inch  afford  agreeable  retreats  during  the  hot  season.  ■ 
■  Thongh  a  commercial  rather  than  a  manufacturing  city, 
pbile  had  in  1890,  according  to  the  census  returns,  229 
unufacturing  establishments,  employing  2331  hands,  the 
igregate  capital  being  §1,450,373,  and  the  value  of  the 
'  odacts  for  the  year  being  $2,872,017.  The  most  important 
the  establishments  are  4  flouring-mills,  with  a  capital 
883,510,  yielding  a  product  of  $198,400;  5  foundries 
jd  machine-shops  (capital  $95,605,  product  $112,950), 
tlatnber-mills  (capital  $564,910,  product  $937,499),  12 
hnting  and  publishing  concerns  (capital  $103,488,  prod- 
jt $88,377),  3  saddle-  and  harness-making  establishments 
tapital  $92,720,  product  $107,880).  12  tobacco-  and  cigar- 
|l>rks  (capital  $69,790,  product  $63,882),  and  numerous 
pnor  establishments.  It  has  about  30  churches,  a  cathe- 
'  Wj  the  state  medical  college,  several  academies,  a  city 


hospital,  a  United  States  marine  hospital,  a  theatre,  a 
custom-house,  4  orphan  asylums,  an  infirmary,  2  national 
banks,  5  state  banlcs,  6  fire  and  marine  insurance  compa- 
nies, 2  life  insurance  companies,  and  printing-offices  which 
issue  3  daily  and  several  weekly  newspapers. 

Mobile  has  an  advantageous  position  for  trade,  being  the 
natural  outlet  of  the  greatest  cotton  region  in  the  United 
States.  Steamboats  ply  regularly  at  all  seasons  between 
this  port  and  Montgomery  on  the  Alabama  River  and  Tus- 
caloosa on  the  Black  Warrior.  During  winter  and  spring 
they  ascend  as  high  as  Columbus  on  tho  Tombigbee  River. 
Other  steamers  run  once  a  week  to  New  Orleans  via  Lakes 
Borgne  and  Pontchartrain.  This  city  is  tho  S.  terminus 
of  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  which  is  472  miles  long  and 
forms  part  of  tho  direct  route  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  to 
the  great  lakes.  It  is  also  directly  connected  by  railroads 
with  New  Orleans  and  Montgomery  and  other  points  in 
the  interior.  Tho  harbor  has  been  improved  by  the  United 
States  government,  and  is  now  so  deep  that  vessels  drawing 
13  feet  of  water  can  come  to  the  wharves.  The  draft  of 
vessels  that  can  safely  enter  the  port  or  bay  is  about  21 
feet.  From  300,000  to  400,000  bales  of  cotton  pass  through 
the  port  of  Mobile  annually,  and  there  are  also  exported 
large  quantities  of  lumber,  staves,  shingles,  and  naval 
stores.  The  total  value  of  exports  per  annum  averages 
about  $4,000,000,  and  of  imports  about  $100,000.  The 
export  trade  of  the  city  is  principally  to  the  South  Ameri- 
can republics,  Cuba,  and  the  British  West  Indies.  The 
shipping  of  the  port  amounts  to  about  10,000  tons  regis- 
tered, of  which  more  than  one-half  is  enrolled  and  licensed. 

Mobile  was  ceded  to  the  United  States  by  Spain  in  1813. 
It  was  incorporated  as  a  town  in  1814,  and  a  city  charter 
was  granted  in  1819.  Pop.  in  1840,12,672;  in  1860,29,258; 
in  1870,  32,034;  in  1880,  29,132;  in  1890,  31,076. 

Mobile  Bay,  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Alabama,  extends 
from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  northward  about  36  miles  to  the 
mouth  of  the  Mobile  River.  The  width  varies  from  8  miles 
to  18,  the  widest  part  being  nearest  the  Gulf.  The  main 
channel,  by  which  vessels  enter  the  bay,  is  between  Dau- 
phin Island  on  the  AV.,  at  the  K  extremity  of  which  is  Fort 
Gaines,  and  Mobile  Point  on  the  E.,  on  which  is  Fort  Mor- 
gan, an  important  fortress.  On  this  point  is  also  a  revolving 
light  55  feet  high. 

Mobile  River,  Alabama,  is  formed  by  the  Alabama 
and  Tombigbee  Rivers,  which  unite  at  the  S.  extremity  of 
Clarke  co.  It  runs  southward,  and,  after  a  course  of  about 
6  miles,  divides  into  two  channels,  the  Mobile  and  the  Ten- 
saw,  the  former  of  which  is  the  larger  and  more  western. 
It  forms  the  boundary  between  the  counties  of  Mobile  and 
Baldwin,  and  enters  Mobile  Bay.  It  is  nearly  45  miles 
long,  and  is  navigable  for  large  steamboats. 

Mob'ley  Pond,  a  post-office  of  Scriven  co.,  Ga.,  about 
50  miles  S.S.E.  of  Augusta. 

Mob'ley's,  a  township  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C.   Pop.  1278. 

Mocaranga,  or  Mocarangua.    See  Monomotapa. 

Moc'casin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Effingham  co..  111.,  on 
the  Springfield  Branch  of  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad, 
69  miles  S.E.  of  Springfield.  Pop.  of  Moccasin  township, 
1088.     It  has  2  churches. 

Moccasin  Creek,  North  Carolina,  runs  southeast- 
ward through  Wilson  and  Greene  cos.,  and  enters  Content- 
nea  Creek. 

Mocchie,  mok'kyi,  a  Tillage  of  Italy,  province  of 
Turin,  on  tho  Dora  Ripaira.     Pop.  of  commune,  2410. 

Mocejon,  or  Mocexon,  mo-thi-non',  a  village  of 
Spain,  in  Now  Castile,  7  miles  from  Toledo.     Pop.  2200. 

Mocha,  mo'chd,  an  island  of  Chili,  off  the  coast.  Lat. 
of  S.  summit,  38°  24'  S. ;  Ion.  74°  W.  Length,  8  miles.  At 
its  N.  end  is  a  peak  1230  feet  in  height. 

Mocha,  or  Mokha,  mo'k^  (Arab.  pron.  mo'Ki^),  a  for- 
tified seaport  town  of  Arabia,  in  Yemen,  on  the  Red  Sea,  55 
miles  N.N.AV.  of  the  Strait  of  Bab-el-Mandeb.  Lat.  13° 
20'  N.;  Ion.  43°  12'  E.  Pop.  7000.  It  has  a  small  bay, 
adapted  for  vessels  of  10  or  12  feet  burden.  It  exports 
annually  about  10,000  tons  of  the  finest  coffee  to  Jiddah, 
Suez,  and  Bombay,  with  dates,  gums,  senna,  horns,  hides, 
balm,  ivory,  and  gold-dust,  and  imports  rice,  piece-goods, 
iron,  hardwares,  slaves,  and  ghee  from  Abyssinia,  whence 
many  of  its  exported  goods  are  brought  to  Mocha, 

Mocha,  a  country  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Abyssinia. 

Mockern,  mok'^rn,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  13 
miles  E.  of  Magdeburg,  on  the  Ehle.     Pop.  1632. 

Mock'eson,  a  post-hamJet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Tenn.,  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Pulaski. 

Mockmuhl,  mok'miil,  a  town  of  Wtirtemberg,  on  tho 
Jaxt,  and  on  a  railway,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Neckarsulnfc 
Pop.  2001. 


MOC 


1856 


MOE 


Mock's  Milla,  a  poat-olfioe  of  Wuhlngton  oo.,  Va. 

Mock*s  Store«  a  post-hainlot  of  Jookson  oo.,  Mo.,  12 
miles  from  Independence.     It  bus  a  church. 

Mooks'ville^  a  post-village,  capital  of  Davie  oo.,  N.C., 
in  Mooksville  township,  about  60  miles  N.N.E.  of  Charlotte. 
It  has  4  charobos,  a  tannery,  a  seminary,  and  a  tobaooo* 
fiiotory.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  20i6. 

Mock'vllle,  a  post-office  of  Early  co.,  Ga. 

Mockwaiipoor)  Nepaul.    See  Mwckwanpoor. 
'    Moclin,  luok-loon',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalu«ia,  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Granada,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name.     It 
was  once  a  Moorish  fortress,  called,  from  its  strength,  the 
Shield  of  Granada.     Pop.  677. 

Moclincjo,  or  Moclinexo,  mok-lo-n&'no,  a  village 
of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  10  miles  from  Malaga.     Pop.  1246. 

Mo^como'co,  a  maritime  town  of  Sumatra,  on  its  \7. 
coast.     Lat.  20°  31'  S.;  Ion.  101°  10'  E. 

Moconcsi,  mo-ko-n&'sco,  a  village  of  Italy,  division 
of  Genoa,  2  miles  from  Cicagna.     Pop.  2329. 

Mocsat  mo'chSh*,  a  town  of  Hungary,  oo.,  and  7  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Komorn.     Pop.  2S88. 

ftlodain,  moMin',  written  also  Madain  and  Aleda- 
Jin,  a  village  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Bagdad, 
on  the  Tigris,  near  the  site  of  the  ancient  Ctet'iphon. 

Mo'dale,  a  post-village  in  Taylor  township,  Harrison 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Sioux  City  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  31  miles 
N.  of  Omaha,  and  2  miles  from  the  Missouri  River.  It  bos 
a  ohurch  and  several  stores. 

Modane,  mo-d&'n&,  a  town  of  France,  Savoy,  on  the 
Arc,  17  miles  E.S.E.  of  Saint-Jean-de-Maurionne,  3500  feet 
above  the  sea.     Pop.  1322. 

Mod'bury,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  of  Devon, 
on  the  Erme,  Hi  miles  E.S.E.  of  Plymouth.     Pop.  1858. 

Mode^  a  post-hamlet  in  Holland  township,  Shelby  co., 
III.,  about  24  miles  S.W.  of  Mattoon.  It  has  2  ohurcbes 
and  a  steam  saw-mill.     Pop.  120. 

Alo^dcII',  a  post-hamlet  of  Norton  co.,  Kansas,  45  miles 
N.  of  Wa  Keeney  Station.   It  has  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Modena,  mod'Sn-&  (Fr.  Modine,  moMain';  anc.  Mu'- 
tina),  a  fortified  city  of  Northern  Italy,  capital  of  a  prov- 
ince, at  a  railway  junction,  24  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bologna. 
Pop.  56,200.  It  is  regularly  laid  out,  and  has  a  citadel, 
with  streets  bordered  by  arcades,  and  its  ramparts  form 
pleasant  public  walks.  Principal  edifices,  the  palace,  a 
splendid  building,  with  a  picture-gallery,  fine  gardens,  an 
extensive  library,  the  Bihlioteca  Estense,  of  which  Muratori 
and  Tiraboschi  were  successively  librarians,  containing 
120,000  volumes  and  3000  manuscripts,  a  cathedral,  with 
curious  sculptures  and  a  fine  campanile,  in  which  is  pre- 
served the  famous  wooden  bucket  the  cause  of  feuds  be- 
tween the  Modenese  and  Bolognese  in  1325,  a  theatre,  and 
public  baths.  Its  university  comprises  a  school  of  theology, 
law,  medicine,  and  mathematics.  It  has  an  observatory, 
rich  cabinets,  an  art  school,  and  a  botanic  garden.  It  is 
connected  by  a  navigable  canal  with  the  Panaro,  and  has 
manufactures  of  hempen  and  woollen  cloths,  hats,  glass, 
and  leather;  its  silk-manufacture,  once  important,  has  de- 
clined. Mutina  existed  under  the  Etruscans,  and  rose  to 
such  splendor  under  the  Romans  as  to  call  forth  a  eulogy 
from  Cicoro.  It  was  repeatedly'  sacked  by  the  Northern 
invaders,  whose  ravages  have  left  few  vestiges  of  its  ancient 
grandeur.  It  is  an  archbishop's  see,  and  was  for  four  cen- 
turies the  capital  of  the  duchy  of  Modena,  which  in  1860 

was  made  a  part  of  the  kingdom  of  Italy. Adj.  and 

inhab.  Modesese,  mod^fh-neez'  (It.  pron.  mo-di-ni'si). 

Modena,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Emilia,  and  a  part  of 
the  former  duchy  of  Modena.  Capital,  Modena.  Area, 
906  square  miles.     Pop.  273,231. 

Modena,  mo-de'na  or  mod'e-na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stark 
CO.,  111.,  in  Toulon  township,  on  the  Spoon  River,  about  35 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Peoria.     It  has  a  church. 

Modena,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas. 

Modena,  a  post-village  of  Mercer  co..  Mo.,  5  miles  W. 
of  Mill  Grove  Station,  and  about  44  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Chillicothe.     It  has  a  church. 

Modena,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  about  13 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Newburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Modena,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Wil- 
mington A  Reading  Railroad,  31  miles  N.W.  of  Wilming- 
ton, and  33  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia.  Here  are  2  paper- 
mills  on  Brandywine  Creek,  and  near  by  are  3  churches. 

Modena,  a  post-township  of  Buflfalo  co.,  AVis.,  20  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Wabasha,  Minn.,  and  about  30  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Eau  Claire.     Pop.  785, 

Mod^ne,  the  French  for  Modena. 

Moder,  mo'der  (Fr.  pron.  mo'daiR'),  a  river  of  Alsace, 
rises  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Yosges  Mountains,  flows  S.S.E.j 


and,  after  a  course  of  30  miles,  joins  the  Rhine  17  mil 
below  Strasburg. 

Modern,  mo'd?rn,  Modor,  mo'dor,  Madra,  m8l 
dr6h\  or  Modrn,  mo'drl,  a  walled  town  of  West  11 
eary,  co.  and  16  miles  N.E.  of  I'resburg.    Pop.  6066. 
has  a  Protestant  college. 

Modes'to,  a  prosperous  post-village,  capital  of  Stanl 
laus  CO.,  Cal.,  is  on  the  Visalia  division  of  the  Central  P 
cific  Railroad,  in  the  San  Joaquin  Vulloy,  near  the  Tuc 
umne  River,  30  miles  S.  of  Stockton,  and  102  miles  £.$. 
of  San  Francisco.  'It  has  2  newspaper  otiicos,  a  bank 
brick  court-house  which  cost  $60,000,  4  churches,  and' 
fine  brick  sohool-houso.     Pop.  about  2500. 

Mod'est  Town,  a  post-village  of  Accomack  co.,  Vi 
about  3  miles  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  22  miles  S.! 
of  Orisfield,  Md.  It  has  2  churches,  some  general  ston 
and  a  cabinet-shop. 

Modica,  mod'e-k&  (anc.  Motuca,  Motyca,  or  Mulyca), 
town  of  Sicily,  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Syracuse,  in  the  Val' 
Noto.  Pop.  34,723.  It  is  ill  built,  but  has  a  large  squar 
some  handsome  mansions,  a  castle,  and  several  church 
and  convents.  It  exports  grain,  oil,  wine,  and  obeoi 
mostly  to  Malta.  In  its  vicinity  is  the  valley  of  Ip'ika 
h'pica,  remarkable  for  its  dwellings  excavated  in  the  roc 

Modicia,  or  Modocta,  Italy.    See  Mo.vza. 

Modigliana,mo-decl-yi'ni(anc.Cu»'<rumiVH'<i7«m/ 
a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  40  miles  N.E.  of  Florence,  c 
the  Marzeno,  N.  of  the  Apennines.  Pop.  C742.  It  has  se 
oral  churches  and  convents,  and  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Modinalla,  mo-de-nfl,l'l&,  a  village  ot  West  Africa,  fi 
the  Senegal,  in  lat.  15°  55'  N.,  Ion.  13°  5'  W.,  inhabiU 
by  Maraboots  of  the  Moorish  nation  of  the  Dowiches. 

Modlin,  mod'lin,  a  fortress  of  Poland,  provincoof  Plool 
at  the  junction  of  the  Bug  and  Vistula,  16  miles  N.W.  o 
Warsaw,  erected  in  1807.  It  is  one  of  the  strongest  placi 
in  the  Russian  dominions. 

Mddling,  mod'ling,  or  Medling,  mid'ling,  a  town  o 
Lower  Austria,  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Vienna,  on  the  railway  I 
Gratz.     Pop.  4357. 

Mo'doc,  a  county  forming  the  N.E.  extremity  of  Cal 
fornia,  borders  on  Oregon.  Area,  4198  square  miles.  ] 
is  drained  by  Pitt  River,  which  runs  S.W.,  and  cuntait 
several  lakes.  Goose  Lake,  a  large  body  of  water,  is  parti 
in  this  county.  The  surface  is  mostly  mountainous  or  hillj 
and  partly  occupied  by  lava-beds,  a  volcanic  formatioi 
Capital,  Alturas.     Pop.  in  1880,  4399;  in  1890,  4986. 

Modoc,  a  post-oince  of  Phillips  co.,  Ark.,  on  the  Mil 
sissippi  River. 

Modoc,  a  post-office  of  Boulder  co..  Col.,  at  Nl  Wt 
Station  on  the  Colorado  Central  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  0 
Longmont.    See  also  Ni  Wot. 

Modoc,  a  post-office  of  Audrain  co..  Mo. 

Modon,  mo'don  (anc.  Metho'ne),  a  town  of  Qreec( 
Morea,  6  miles  S.  of  Navarino.  It  has  a  small  port,  wit 
an  open  roadstead  between  it  and  the  island  of  Sapienza. 

Modor,  or  Modra,  Hungary.    See  Modern. 

Modos,  moMosh',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Toron 
tal,  27  miles  S.W.  of  Temesvar,  on  the  Theiss.    Pop.  486« 

Modugno,  mo-doon'yo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  an 
6  miles  S.W.  of  Bari.  Pop.  9082.  It  has  manufaotoris 
of  woollen  and  cotton  cloths,  and  tanneries. 

Modum,  mo'doom,  a  village  of  Norway,  on  the  Dram 
men,  25  miles  W.  of  Christiania.  Near  it  are  importani 
cobalt-mines  and  extensive  manufactures  of  smalt. 

Modura,  the  ancient  name  of  Madura. 

Modurii,  mo-door'lee,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor,  24  mile 
S.AV.  of  Boli. 

Moe,  mo,  a  post-office  of  Douglas  co.,  Minn.,  30  mile 
N.E.  of  Morris.  Moe  township  contains  many  small  lakw 
Pop.  417. 

MoeletiTOe,  a  town  of  Ceylon.    See  Malativo. 

Moelmyne,  a  town  of  British  Burmah.  SceMAUUtAiN 

Moen,  mo'^n  (L.  Mo'na  Virgin'ia  Ban'ica),  an  islami 
of  Denmark,  in  the  Baltic,  with  a  light-house  on  the  S.E 
point,  lat.  54°  57'  N.,  Ion.  12°  36'  36"  E.,  separated  N.W 
from  Seeland  by  the  Ulfsund,  and  S.  from  Falster  by  th.' 
Gronsund,  each,  where  narrowest,  about  1  mile  acrossi 
Area,  87  square  miles.  Pop.  13,600.  Its  E.  coast  is  a  pro 
cipitous  limestone  barrier,  500  feet  above  the  sea,  am 
termed  the  Moensklint.  Chief  town,  Stege,  with  a  harbo: 
on  the  N.W.  coast. 

M5en,  mo'§n.  Moon,  or  Mohn,  mon,  an  island  ol 
Russia,  in  Esthonia,  between  the  island  of  Oesol  and  uw 
mainland,  40  miles  in  length  and  in  breadth. 

Moen,  moon,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flanders,  I 
miles  S.E.  of  Courtrai.     Pop.  2200. 

Moena,  moo'ni,  or,  more  correctly,  Muna,  called  al* 


MOE 


1857 


MOII 


♦angansane,  Pangansene,  plng'gin-sin',  or  Pan- 
asang,  p4n'yi-sing',  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipel- 
^0.  off  the  S.B.  extremity  of  Celebes,  about  lat  5°  S.,  Ion. 
22°  30'  E.  Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  60  miles;  average 
readtb,  16  miles. 

Moefiemoezi,  Africa.    See  Moxomoezi. 
Moerbeke,  mooR'bd-k§h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
'landers,  12  miles  N.B.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  1500. 
Moerbeke,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of  East 
'landers,  on  a  canal,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  4500. 
Moerdyk,  mooR'dik\  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
,'orth  Brabant,  on  IIollands-Diep,  110  miles  N.W.  of  Breda. 
Moere,  moo'r^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flan- 
ers,  13  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  1200. 
Moergestel,  mooR-n4s't?l,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
inds,  18  miles  E.S.E.  of  Breda.     Pop.  1192. 
illoerzeke,  mooK'zA-k§h,   a   village  of  Belgium,  in 
last  Flanders,  19  miles  E.  of  Ghent,  on  the  Scheldt. 
Mojsia  Inferior,  the  ancient  name  of  Bulgaria. 
Moe's  (moz)  River,  a  post-village  in  Compton  co., 
Juebec,  on  a  stream  of  the  same  name,  2  miles  from  Comp- 
'm.    It  contains  a  church,  2  or  3  stores,  and  several  mills 
nd  fiictories.     Pop.  120. 

Moffat,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Dumfries,  on  the 
Innan,  19  miles  N.N.E.  of  Dumfries.     Pop.  1730. 
Moffat,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
owannee  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Tracy  City.     It  has  2 
hurches,  the  Fairmount  Female  College,  a  hotel,  and  a 
halybeate  spring.     It  is  a  resort  of  invalids. 
Moffat,  a  post-office  of  Bell  co.,  Tex. 
Moffat  Hills,  a  mountain-chain  of  Scotland,  between 
ho  COS.  of  Dumfries  on  the  S.  and  Lanark  and  Peebles  on 
ho  N. ;  elevation  of  Hartfell,  the  principal  summit,  2635 
ect.    The  Annan,  Tweed,  and  Clyde  Rivers  have  here  their 
ources. 

Moffatt's  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Augusta  co.,  Va., 
bout  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Staunton.  It  has  2  churches,  and 
ianufactures  of  flour,  leather,  <fcc. 

Mof  fettsville,  a  post-offico  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C,  16 
lilcs  S.  of  Anderson  Court-IIouse. 
Mof'fitt's  Grove,  a  post-offlce  of  Guthrie  co,,  Iowa, 
bout  50  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Des  Moines. 
3Ioffitt's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C., 
bout  60  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  a  church  and 
grist-mill. 

Mof'fittsville,  a  post-office  of  Clinton  co.,  N.Y. 
Mo'ga,  a  town  of  India,  Ferozepoor  district.     Pop. 
St4. 

Mogadore,  Mogador,  or  Mogodor,  mog'9-dor', 
ailed  Sweerah  (Suira,  or  Suirah),  swee'ri,  i.e.,  the 
,  Beautiful,"  by  the  Moors,  a  fortified  city  and  the  princi- 
al  seaport  of  Morocco,  on  the  Atlantic,  125  miles  AV.S.W. 
If  Morocco.  Pop.  estimated  at  17,000,  comprising  4000 
I  ews.  It  stands  on  a  rocky  promontory,  surrounded  by  a 
parren  and  sandy  region,  and  consists  of  two  parts,  each 
Inclosed  by  walls,  and  the  citadel,  containing  the  residences 
|f  the  governor  and  foreign  consuls,  the  custom-house, 
freasury,  <fcc.,  while  the  other  quarter  is  inhabited  by  the 
I  ewish  population.  It  is  pretty  well  built,  is  clean  and 
Fell  kept,  and  its  white  edifices  render  it  handsome  as  seen 
jrom  the  sea.  Its  port,  S.  of  the  citadel,  is  sheltered  by 
In  island  off  the  shore,  but  it  is  not  very  deep.  It  exports 
pool,  gum,  wax,  hides,  skins,  almonds,  olive  oil,  wine, 
'  Jathers,  gold-dust,  iron,  hardwares,  and  cotton  goods. 
Mog'adore,  a  village  of  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Pem- 
roke  township,  2  miles  from  East  Pembroke  Station.  It 
;as  a  church,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Here  is 
Korth  Pembroke  Post-Office. 

f  Mogadore,  a  post-village  of  Ohio,  on  the  boundary 
Jetween  Portage  and  Summit  cos.,  4  miles  S.  of  Talmadge 
tation,  and  about  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Akron.    It  has  2 
I  hurches,  a  union  school,  and  a  manufactory  of  stone- ware 
f  nd  clay  pipes. 
Mogaung,  mo-gawng',  a  town  of  Burmah,  at  the  junc- 
ionof  the  Mogaung  and  Namyang  Rivers,  70  miles  N.N.W. 
i'f  Bhamo. 
Mogelsberg,  mo'gh§ls-b5BG\  a  town  of  Switzerland, 
anton  and  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Gall,  with  several  cot- 
fon-factories  and  considerable  trade.     Pop.  2930. 
Mogente,  or  Moxente,  mo-nSn'td,  a  town  of  Spain, 
rovinee  and  43  miles  S.W,  of  Valencia.     Pop.  4400. 
I  Moggio-di-Sotto,  mod'jo-dee-sot'to,  a  town  of  Italy, 
4  miles  N.  of  Udine,  on  the  Fella.     Pop.  3615. 
[  Moghilev,  or  Moghilew,  Russia.    See  Moheelev. 
Moghistan,  a  region  of  Persia.    See  Kerman. 
Moghyani,  a  town  of  Punjab.    See  Meengana. 
Mojfi-das-Cruzes,  mo'zhee-d3,s-kroo'z5s,  a  town  of 


Brazil,  state  and  35  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sao  Paulo.  It  has 
a  handsome  parish  church  and  3  other  churches,  a  Car- 
melite convent,  a  Latin  and  a  primary  school,  manufactures 
of  woollen  cloth,  and  a  trade  in  sugar,  rum,  cotton,  and 
coffee,  which  are  carried  by  mules  to  Santos. 

Mogi-Gua9U,  mo'zhee-gw4-soo',  a  village  of  Brazil, 
state  and  170  miles  N.  of  Sao  Paulo,  on  a  river  of  the 
same  name. 

Mogiino,  mo-ghil'no,  a  town  of  West  Prussia,  govern- 
ment and  33  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Bromberg.     Pop.  2095. 

3Iogi-Miriin,  mo'zhee-me-reeuo',  a  town  of  Brazil, 
sti'te  and  115  miles  N.N.E.  of  Sao  Paulo,  on  a  river  of 
the  same  name,  with  a  trade  in  horses  and  cattle,  cotton, 
sugar,  and  rum.     Pop.  of  district,  6000. 

Mogliano  Veneto,  mol-yi'no  vd-ni'to,  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  and  6  miles  S.  of  Treviso..    Pop.  5611. 

Moglingen,  mog'ling-?n,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg, 
circle  of  Neckar,  near  Ludwigsburg.     Pop.  1093. 

Mogliola,  a  village  of  Italy.    See  Mojola. 

Mogodor,  a  town  of  Morocco.    See  Mogadore. 

Mogollon  (mo-go-yon')  Mountains,  a  range  or 
group  in  the  E.  part  of  Arizona,  between  the  Little  Colo- 
rado and  Salado  Rivers. 

Mogontiacum,  or  Moguntiacum.    See  Mentz. 

Mogoro,  mo-go'ro,  a  village  in  the  island  of  Sardinia, 
about  34  miles  N.W.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  2112. 

Moguer,  mo-gain',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  5 
miles  E.  of  Huelva,  with  a  port  on  the  Tinto.  Pop.  7332. 
Its  old  Franciscan  convent  is  preserved  as  a  national  mon- 
ument. Columbus,  it  is  said,  craving  charity  here,  in  1484, 
was  received  by  the  prior,  by  whose  influence  he  was  en- 
abled to  prosecute  his  discoveries. 

Mogul  (mo-giir)  Empire  (a  corruption  of  Mongol,  or 
Mo.ngolian),  the  name  commonly  applied  to  the  empire 
founded  in  Ilindostan,  in  the  early  part  of  the  sixteenth 
century,  by  Baber,  a  descendant  of  'Timor  or  Tamerlane. 
That  conqueror,  after  defeating  the  sultan  Ibraheem  Lodee, 
the  Afghan  sovereign  of  India,  extended  his  conquests  to 
the  mouths  of  the  Ganges,  in  1526-28.  Although  a  prince 
of  the  Toork  (or  Turki)  nation,  and  not  a  Mongol  himself, 
yet,  having  many  Mongols  in  his  army,  the  power  which 
Baber  established  became  generally  known  in  Europe  as 
the  Mogul  Empire,  and  the  reigning  sovereign  was  popu- 
larly styled  "  the  Great  Mogul."  The  seat  of  government 
was  established  at  Delhi.  Among  the  most  distinguished 
and  powerful  rulers  of  this  dynasty  was  Aurungzebe,  who 
began  to  reign  in  1658,  and  died  in  1707,  having  subjected 
to  his  sway  almost  the  entire  peninsula,  including  the  Dec- 
can,  which  had  not  before  been  conquered  by  the  Mogul 
emperors.  From  his  death  may  be  dated  the  decline  of  the 
empire;  the  last  sovereign.  Shah  AUum,  died  in  1S06,  a 
pensioner  of  England. 

Mo^gulpoor',  a  town  of  India,  in  Rohilcund,  20  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  Moradabad.     Pop.  5171. 

Mogyorod,  mod^yoVod',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  and 
about  10  miles  from  Pesth.     Pop.  1178. 

Moha,  mo^i',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  19  miles 
S.W.  of  Liege,  on  the  Mehaigne.     Pop.  985. 

Mohacs,  mo^h^tch',  or  Mohacz,  mo^hMs',  a  town  of 
Hungary,  00.  of  Baranya,  on  the  west  arm  of  the  Danube,  25 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Fiinfkirchen.  Pop.  12,140.  It  has  a  cas- 
tle, the  summer  residence  of  the  Bishop  of  Fiinfkirchen,  and 
a  college.  It  is  a  station  for  steamers  plying  on  the  Danube. 
The  two  great  battles  fought  near  it  may  be  considered  as 
marking  the  commencement  and  conclusion  of  the  Turkish 
power  in  Hungary.  On  August  29,  1526,  the  Ottomans, 
under  Solyman  the  Magnificent,  completely  defeated  the 
Hungarians ;  but  the  Turks  received  a  total  defeat  from  the 
Imperialists,  under  the  Duke  of  Lorraine,  at  the  second 
battle  of  Mohacz,  in  1687. 

Mohalitz,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Muhalitch. 

Mohamet-Abad,  mo-hi'mSt-i-bid',  a  village  of 
Persia,  province  of  Azerbaijan,  80  miles  S.AV.  of  Tabreez, 
It  has  a  fort  and  a  palace,  and  1000  houses,  a  few  belonging 
to  Jews  and  Armenian  Christians. 

Mohammedabad,  mo-him^mSd-^-b&d',  a  village  of 
Persia,  province  of  Khorassan,  12  miles  S.  of  Toorboot,  with 
vestiges  of  former  fortifications,  a  citadel,  and  a  tower. 

Mohammedabad,  a  fortified  village  of  Persia,  a  little 
S.  of  Tabas. 

Moham^medpoor',  or  Muhammadpur,  mu-him'- 
med-poor',  a  town  of  Bengal,  adjacent  to  the  larger  town 
of  Barh.     Pop.  6089. 

Mohammerah,  mo-hS.m'm$h-r&,  a  town  on  the  fron- 
tier of  Asiatic  Turkey  and  Persia,  on  the  canal  between  the 
Shat-el-Arab  (Euphrates)  and  Lower  Karoon,  about  30 
miles  S.E.  of  Bassorah. 


MOII 


1858 


MOI 


Mohnrii  mo-hi'ro«,  a  town  of  Dhundara  district,  India. 
Poll.  ois;». 

Molinrrekf  Mnhnrny  Iiland.    8m  Maharat. 

MohavOf  or  MoJavc«  mo-h&'vi,  a  oounty  in  the  N.W. 
part  of  Arixuna.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Culonulo,  which 
also  forma  ita  WMtern  boundary  for  a  di^tanco  of  about  15U 
miles,  and  it  is  partly  drained  by  Bill  Williams  Kivor. 
The  surface  is  inounUiinous,  and  presents  grand  scenery. 
Among  its  remarkable  features  is  the  grand  CaSo.v  op  thk 
Colorado  (which  see),  which  opens  all  the  series  of  goologi- 
oal  strata  down  to  their  granite  foundation.  A  large  part 
of  the  soil  is  sterile.  Qold  and  silver  are  found  in  this 
county.  Area,  11,!{32  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by 
the  Atlantic  A  Paciflc  Railroad.  Capital,  Kingman.  Pop. 
in  1870,  179;  in  1876,  822;  in  1S80,  1190;  in  1890,  1444. 

Mohave  City,  a  post-village  of  Mohave  co.,  Arizona, 
on  the  Colorado  River,  about  170  miles  W.N.W.  of  Pres- 
cott.     Pop.  159.     Hero  is  Camp  Mojave. 

Alohave  Desert,  a  basin,  chiefly  in  the  E.  part  of 
San  Uornardino  oo.,  Cal.  It  is  reported  to  be  below  the 
sea-level.  There  is  but  little  vegetation,  and  the  water- 
supply  is  scanty. 

inoliave  (or  Mojave)  River,  a  water-course  of  San 
Bernardino  co.,  Cal.,  which,  after  a  generally  E.N.E. 
course,  disappears  in  the  Mohave  Desert. 

Mo'tiaWK,  a  post-village  in  German  Flats  township, 
Herltimer  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Mohawk  Iliver, 
and  on  the  Erie  Canal,  and  near  the  New  York  Central 
Railroad,  opposite  Herkimer,  1  mile  from  Ilion,  and  14 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Utica.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  national 
bank,  a  newspaper  ofiice,  a  machine-shop,  and  manufac- 
tures of  pistols  and  farming-implements.     Pop.  1404. 

Mohawk,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
2887.  It  contains  Fonda,  the  county  seat,  and  a  part  of 
Tribe's  Hill. 

Mohnwk,  a  post-office  of  Lane  co.,  Oregon,  12  miles 
N.E.  of  Eugene  City.     Hero  is  a  church. 

Mohnwk,  or  Monnt  Pleasant,  a  post-village  in 
Brant  co.,  Ontario,  on  Spring  Creek,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Brant- 
ford.     It  contains  2  hotels  and  2  flour-mills.     Pop.  400. 

Mohawk  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Lewis  co^  K.Y.,  8  miles 
N.AV.  of  Boonville.     Hero  is  a  church. 

Mohawk  River,  New  York,  rises  near  the  S.  border 
of  Lewis  CO.,  runs  nearly  southeastward  to  Utica,  and  in- 
tersects the  cos.  of  Oneida,  Herkimer,  and  Montgomery. 
Its  general  direction  is  E.S.E.  It  enters  the  Hudson  River 
at  Cohoes,  about  9  miles  above  Albany.  Two  or  3  miles 
from  its  mouth  it  forms  a  cascade  70  feet  high,  called  Cohoes 
Falls.  The  Mohawk  is  nearly  175  miles  long.  The  chief 
towns  on  its  banks  are  Rome,  Utica,  Little  Falls,  Amster- 
dam, Schenectady,  and  Cohoes.  From  Rome  to  Schenectady 
it  runs  alongside  of  the  Erie  Canal  and  the  Central  Rail- 
road for  a  distance  of  92  miles.  Its  valley  is  remarkable 
for  beauty  and  fertility. 

Mohawk  Village,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coshocton  co.,  0., 
12  miles  W.  of  Coshocton.  It  has  2  churches.  Coal  is 
found  here. 

Moheelev,  or  Moghilev,  mo-nee'lSv,  a  walled  town 
of  Russia,  capital  of  a  government  of  the  same  name,  on 
the  Dnieper,  85  miles  S.W.  of  Smolensk.  Pop.  40,431, 
many  of  whom  are  Jews.  It  is  the  seat  of  Greek  and  Ro- 
man Catholic  archbishoprics,  and  has  a  fine  Greek  cathedral 
and  numerous  other  churches,  numerous  syntigogues,  sev- 
eral convents,  2  episcopal  seminaries,  a  town  school,  various 
charitable  institutions,  an  extensive  export  trade  in  leather, 
hides,  wax,  honey,  com,  and  other  agricultural  products, 
and  a  considerable  import  trade  in  thrown  silk.  Besides 
being  the  residence  of  the  principal  officers  of  the  govern- 
ment, it  has  also  well-frequented  fairs.  Many  of  the  no- 
bility reside  here,  and  a  great  part  of  the  ground  in  the 
vicinity  is  occupied  by  gardens. 

Moheelev,  or  Moghilev,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Podo- 
lia,  on  the  Dniester,  53  miles  E.S.E.  of  Kamionico.  Pop. 
18,129,  comprising  many  Jews.  It  has  an  active  trade 
with  Wallachia  and  the  adjacent  provinces.  Being  enclosed 
by  hills,  the  climate  is  so  much  milder  than  in  the  rest  of 
Podolia  that  fine  fruits  and  silk  are  extensively  cultivated. 

Moheelev,  Moghiicv,  or  Mohilev,  mo-Hee'ldv,  a 
government  of  Russia,  mostly  between  lat.  52°  and  55°  15' 
N.  and  Ion.  28°  35'  and  32°  35'  E.,  enclosed  by  the  gov- 
ernments of  Vitebsk,  Smolensk,  Chernigov,  and  Minsk. 
Area,  18,934  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1870,  947,625.  Sur- 
face mostly  a  wide  plain.  Principal  rivers,  the  Dnieper, 
with  its  tributaries  the  Sozh  (Soz)  and  Droots  (Drouetz). 
Soil  generally  fertile,  and  corn  is  exported.  Large  quan- 
tities of  timber  and  masts  are  floated  down  the  rivers  to 
the  ports  of  the  Black  Sea. 


Mohc'({an,  a  station  in  New  I^ndon  co.,  Conn,  on  tl 
New  London  Northern  Railroa<l,  3  milos  S.  of  NerwiiH 
Near  here  dwell  a  few  descendants  of  the  Mohegnn  Indinn 

Mohegan,  a  post-village  in  Burrillville  townnbii 
Providence  co.,  R.I.,  on  Branch  River,  20  milos  N.W. . 
Providence.    It  has  aohurch  anda  woullcn-mill.    Pen.  l"; 

Mohegnn  (mo-heo'gan)  Mountains,  the  name  ftii 
merly  applied  to  tho  Aniiio.vnACK  Moi;.ntains. 

Mohelnice,  a  town  of  Moravia.    Koe  MOci,itj. 

Mohican,  or  Mohiccan,  mo-hik'an,  a  post-hamlet  i 
Ashland  co.,  0.,  in  Mohican  townshij),  about  18  miles  E.  l 
S.  of  Mansfield.  It  has  2  churches,  a  woollen-mill,  and 
carriage-shop.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1561. 

Mohican  (or  Walhon'ding)  Iliver,  Ohio,  is  formu 
by  the  Black  Fork  and  Clear  Fork,  which  unite  in  thu ! 
part  of  Ashland  co.  It  dniins  part  of  Knox  co.  rui 
southeastward  in  Coshocton  co.,  and  unites  with  the  Tui 
carawas  River  at  the  village  of  Coshocton  to  form  tt 
Muskingum. 

Mohilev,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Moheklkv. 

Mo'hill,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Leitrim,  0  mil( 
E.S.E.  of  Carrick-on-Shannon.     Pop.  1062. 

Mohilla  Island.    See  Comoro  Islks. 

Mohini,  a  town  of  India.    See  Madim. 

Mohl,  one  of  the  Maldive  Islands.    See  Malk. 

M5hlin,  mci'lin,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Ai 
gau,  11  miles  E.  of  Basel.     Pop.  1942. 

Mohn,  an  island  of  Russia.    See  Moex. 

Mohn's  (mQnz)  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  oo 
Pa.,  4  or  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Reading.  It  has  manufoctun 
of  hats  and  gun-barrels. 

Moho'ba,  a  town  of  India,  North-West  Province 
division  of  Allahabad.     Pop.  6413. 

Mohon,  mo*6N»',  a  village  of  France,  department  o 
Ardennes,  on  the  Meuso,  1  mile  from  MCziJre.s.  It  hat 
nail-factory  and  railroad  repair-shops.     Pop.  2097. 

Mohon,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Morbihai 
29  miles  N.N.E.  of  Vannes.     Pop.  358. 

Mo^hon',  a  post-village  of  Bourbon  co.,  Kansac,  in  Drj 
wood  township,  on  the  Fort  Scott,  Southeastern  <fc  Memphi 
Railroad,  15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Fort  Scott.  Coal  is  mined  here 
Pop.  about  100. 

Mo'honk  Lake,  a  popular  summer  resort  in  Ulster  co, 
N.Y.,  on  the  Shawangunk  Mountains,  about  8  miles  fron 
New  Paltz.    It  is  surrounded  by  wild,  mountninous  scenery 

Mohontongo,  Juniata  co..  Pa.    See  Mahantanoo. 

Mohpa,  mo'pi,  a  town  of  India,  Central  Provinca 
division  of  Nagpoor.     Pop.  5509. 

Mohra,  mS'ri,  a  village  of  Saxe-Mciningon,  on  Ih 
Mohrbach.     It  was  the  native  place  of  Luther's  family 

Mohringen,  mo'ring-?n,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  th 
Danube,  29  miles  N.W.  of  Constance.     Pop.  1284. 

Mohringen,  a  villago  of  Wiirtemberg,  7  miles  N.  ol 
Engen.     Pop.  2429. 

Mohr's  Corners,  Ontario.    See  Hubdeix's  Falls. 

Mohrsville,  morz'vil,  a  post- village  of  Berks  eo..  Pa. 
on  the  Schuylkill  River  and  tho  Philadelphia  A  Readin] 
Railroad,  lOJ  miles  N.  of  Reading.  It  has  a  church  and 
tannery. 

Mohrnngen,  mS'rSSng-^n,  a  town  of  East  Prussia, 6: 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Konigsberg.     Pop.  3633. 

Mo^hnndabad',  a  town  of  India,  North-West  Prov 
inces,  division  of  Agra.     Pop.  9406. 

Mohungur,  mo-hung-giir',  a  town  of  India,  Qwalio 
dominions,  60  miles  W.S.W.  of  Jhansce. 

Mohunpoor,  mo-hiin-poor',  a  town  of  India,  Gwalio! 
dominions,  72  miles  S.W.  of  Jhansee. 

Mo^hurbhuiu',  or  Morbhanj,  mCr^bunj',  a  nativ( 
state  of  India,  in  Orissa.  Lat.  21°  17'-22°  33'  45"  N. 
Ion.  85°  42.5'-87°  14'  E.  Area,  4243  square  miles.  / 
part,  called  Bamanghati,  is  under  British  control,  am 
another  part  is  under  British  surveillance,  but  Mohurbhun. 
proper  is  governed  by  a  native  rajah,  who  pays  a  suial 
tribute.     ToUl  pop.  258,680.  , 

Moid'art,  a  wild  and  rugged  district  in  the  S.W.  par^ 
of  the  CO.  of  Inverness,  Scotland,  on  an  inlet  of  the  AtJ 
lantic  of  tho  same  name,  about  10  miles  S.E.  of  the  islanij 
of  Eig. 

Moidart,  a  loch  or  arm  of  the  sea,  in  Scotland,  about  i 
miles  long,  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Inverness-shire. 

Moid'art,  a  post-settlement  in  Antigonish  oo.,  ftorii 
Scotia,  25i  miles  from  Now  Glasgow.     Pop.  120.  , 

Mole,  or  Moje,  mo'yi,  a  village  of  Savoy,  5  miles  fron 
Rumilly.     Pop.  1333. 

Moilah,  moi'linS  or  Mowilah,mo'we-liH\  a  seaport 
town  of  Arabia  Petrasa,  on  the  Red  Sea,  near  tho  Gulf  of 
Akabah.    It  has  a  castle,  some  houses,  and  about  150  hsu 


Mor 


1859 


MOL 


>(.  bileh  is  a  valley  of  Egypt,  on  the  route  from  Fayoom 
to  '3  Little  Oasis. 

jimeiita-da-Beira,  mo-o-mfin'til-di-bi'e-ri,  a 
to'  of  Portugal,  prorinoe  of  Beira-Alta,  21  miles  S.E.  of 
Lo  ;go.    Pop.  1234. 

aines,  lie  aux,  France.    See  Ile  aux  Moines. 

oingona,  nioin-go'nS,,  Iowa,  a  name  sometimes  given 
to  3  upper  portion  of  the  Des  Moines  River. 

oingona,  a  post-village  of  Boone  co.,  Iowa,  in  Marcy 
to'  ship,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad  whore 
it  Iwaes  the  Des  Moines  River,  5i  miles  S.W.  of  lioone, 
anj57  miles  W.  of  Marshalltown.  Coal  is  mined  at  this 
pli|.  It  has  4  churches,  2  potteries  for  stoneware,  and  a 
Djfiiy-order  post-offico.     Pop.  about  1000. 

'oi'ra,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Down,  14  miles  S.W. 
of  olfnst.     Pop.  640. 

oi'ra,  a  river  of  Ontario,  flows  into  the  Bay  of  Quinte 
ttie  flourishing  town  of  Belleville,  after  a  rapid  course  of 
0t  30  miles. 

oira^  mo-i'ra,  a  post-village  in  Moira  township, 
Fi  klin  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Ogdensburg  &  Lake  Champlain 
Ri  'oad,  14  miles  W.  of  Malone,  and  47  miles  E.  of  Og- 
4iipurg.    It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2282, 

lOira,  a  post-village  in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  16  miles 
K.i:  Belleville.     Pop.  200. 

ioiranS)  mwdVfiso',  a  town  of  France,  in  IsSre,  on  the 
i|t!;e,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Saint-Marcellin.     Pop.  1596. 

Soiraiis,  a  town  of  France,  in  Jura,  8  miles  N.W.  of 
S;j>Ciaude. 

ioisdoii,  mwisM6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire-In- 
wate,  7  miles  S.  of  Ch^teaubriant.     Pop.  401. 

loislains,  mwd,^]3,^'o',  a  town  of  France,  in  Somme,  5 
mi  N.E.  of  Peronne.     Pop.  1785. 

|oUic,  mwi-seek',  a  post-village   in   Saguenay  co., 

«o,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Moisic  River,  on  the  N.  shore 

le  St.  Lawrence,  202  miles  E.  of  Tadousac.     Here  are 

;  deposits  of  black  iron-sand.     Pop.  366. 

oisic  (or  Misteshipu,  mis-tesh-e-poo')  River,  of 

da,  takes  its  rise  in  some  of  the  lakes  and  swamps  of 
^Highlands  of  Eastern  Quebec,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of  St. 
L  rcnce  in  Ion.  66°  10'  W.  For  centuries  this  river  has 
bi  one  of  the  leading  lines  of  communication  from  the 
ic  ior  to  the  coast.     It  is  one  of  the  best  salmon-streams 

e  world,  and  is  celebrated  for  its  wild  scenery. 

oiasac,  mwis^sik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Tam-et- 

nne,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Tarn,  and  on  the  railway 
Bordeaux  to  Cette,  17  miles  W.N.W.  of  Montauban. 
5675.  It  has  a  communal  college,  a  large  parish 
ol  oh,  once  part  of  a  celebrated  abbey,  foundries,  potteries, 
ai( manufactories  of  farina. 

<Uacar,  or  Moxacar,  mo-ni-kan'  (anc.  Mcorgia  T), 

y  of  Spain,  province  and  39  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ahnoria, 

the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  3460.     It  has  a  ruined  cas- 

It  was  taken  from  the  Moors  by  Ferdinand  and  Isa- 

. in  1488. 

^Ojados,  or  Moxados,  mo-ni'docc,  a  town  of  Spain, 

eon,  IS  miles  S.  of  Valladolid.     Pop.  1960. 

ojaisk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Mozhaisk. 

pjave,  Arizona.    See  Mohave. 

.  Cal.,  on 


'■^ 


lOJave,  mo-h3,'vd,  a  post-village  in  Kern  co. 

tljsoothern  Pacific  Railroad,  45  miles  S.  of  Caliente.     It 
I  hotel,  store,  telegraph-office,  and  2  e.\press-ofl5ces,  and 
1  important  railroad  station. 
ojente,  a  town  of  Spain.     See  Mogeste. 
.<^gurh,  luoj'gur',  a  town  of  Northwest  India,  domin- 
and  40  miles  S.E.  of  Bhawlpoor.     It  has  some  mosques, 
a  good  supply  of  water. 
ojola,  mo-yo'ia,  or  Mogliola,  m5l-yo'li,  a  village 

«  taly,  in  Coni,  4  miles  from  Demonte,  on  the  Stura. 

"*  1109. 
ojos,  Bolivia,    See  Moxos. 

oka,  or  Mokha,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  Mocha, 

Okameh,  or  Mukama,  m^-ki'ma,  a  town  of  Ben- 

Patna  district,  on  the  S,  bank  of  theGanges,  10  miles 

ail  S.E.  of  Barb.     It  haa  a  large  trade.     Pop.  10,715. 

Okcha,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Moksha. 

Okel'umne,  a  river  of  California,  rises  near  the  base 

>o  Sierra  Nevada,  runs  nearly  south  westward,  and  forms 

i|  Joundary  between  Amador  and  Calaveras  cos.  It  drains 
of  San  .Joaquin  co.,  and  enters  the  San  Joaquin  River 
Ulea  N.W.  of  Stockton.  Length,  about  200  miles. 
lokelumne  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Calaveras  co., 
i  K  situated  on  a  high  hill,  nearly  2  miles  S.  of  the 
elumne  lliver,  and  68  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sacramento.  It 
a  court-house,  2  churches,  and  a  newspaper  ofiSce.  Here 
gold-mines  which  were  once  rich.  Pop,  in  1890,  573, 
loke'ua,  a  post-village  of  Will  co,.  111.,  in  Frankfort 


township,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad, 
10  miles  E.  of  Joliet,  and  30  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chicago,  It 
has  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  4  churches,  and  a 
money-order  post-office.     Pop.  about  700. 

Mokeville,  mok'vil,  a  post-ofl[ice  of  St.  Louis  co..  Mo. 

Mokhansk,  mo-K&nsk',  or  Mokschan,  mok-shin',  a 
town  of  Russia, government  and  28  miles  N. N.W.  of  Penza, 
on  the  Moksha.  It  has  6  churches,  a  Greek  convent,  and 
a  manufactory  of  woollen  cloth.     Pop.  14,500. 

Mokrin,  mokVeen',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Toroa- 
tal,  42  miles  W.N.W.  of  Temesvar.     Pop.  8502. 

Moksha,  or  Mokscha,  mok'sh&,  a  river  of  Russia, 
governments  of  Penza  and  Tambov,  joins  the  Oka  15  milea 
S.E.  of  Yelatom,  after  a  N.W.  course  of  230  miles. 

Moksoboo,  a  town  of  Burmah.     See  Monchoboo. 

Mola,  mo'lA,,  or  Mola  di  Bari,  nio'li  dee  bi'ree  (L. 
Tur'res  Julia' nee),  a  seaport  town  of  Italy,  province  and  13 
milea  S.E.  of  Bari,  on  the  Adriatic.  Pop.  11,976.  It 
stands  on  a  low  point,  having  3  creeks,  used  for  loading 
small  vessels.  On  either  side  of  the  town  is  an  open  road- 
stead, with  10  fathoms  of  water. 

Moladah,  the  Scripture  name  of  El  Milh. 

Mola  di  Gaeta,  mo'li  dee  gi-d'ti  (anc.  Formix),  a 
town  of  Italy,  province  of  Casorta,  SJ  miles  N.E.  of  Gaeta. 
Pop.  8203.  Its  vicinity  was  anciently  famous  for  fine 
wines,  and  near  it  is  the  tomb  of  Cicero. 

Mo'lalla,  a  small  river  of  Clackamas  co.,  Oregon,  runs 
northwestward,  and  enters  the  Willamette  River  about  12 
miles  above  Oregon  City. 

Molalla,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clackamas  co.,  Oregon,  about 
40  miles  S.  of  Portland.     It  has  a  churcli, 

MoMand,  a  township  of  Clay  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  135. 

Molar,  mo-laK',  a  village  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  23 
miles  N.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  2082. 

Molare,  mo-li'rA,  or  Mollare,  mol-li'rd,  a  town  of 
Italy,  10  miles  E.S.E,  of  Acqui,  on  the  Orba,  Pop,  of 
commune,  1818, 

Molassaua,  mo-Us-si'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Genoa, 
about  1  mile  from  Staglieno,     Pop.  of  commune,  1586. 

Molas'ses  Harbor,  or  Port  Felix,  a  post-settle- 
ment in  Guysborough  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  Tor  Bay,  30  milea 
from  Guysborough.     I'op.  200. 

Mold,  mold,  a  town  of  Wales,  capital  of  the  co.  of 
Flint,  10  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Chester.  In  the  parish  are 
coal-,  iron-,  and  lead-mines.  It  unites  with  Flint,  &o.,  in 
returning  one  member  to  Parliament.     Pop.  10,929. 

Moldau,  mol'dow  (Boheinian,  Wltmca,  ^I'ti'v^i?),  » 
river  of  Bohemia,  tributary  to  the  Elbe,  which  it  joins  near 
Melnik,  20  miles  N.  of  Prague,  after  a  N.  course  of  200 
miles.  On  its  banks  are  the  city  of  Prague  and  the  towns 
of  Rosenberg,  Krumau,  and  Budweis,  from  which  last  it  is 
navigable  to  the  Elbe. 

Moldau,  mol'dow,  Moldava,  mol-da.'vl,  or  Szepsi, 
sflp'shee\  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Aba  Uj  Var,  on  the 
Bodva,  16  miles  from  Kaschau.     Pop.  1590. 

Moidau-Tein,  mol'dow-tin',  a  town  of  Bohemia,  17 
miles  N.  of  Budweis,  on  the  Moldau.     Pop.  4120. 

Moldava,  mol-di'vi,  a  river  of  Austrian  Poland  and 
Moldavia,  joins  the  Sereth  36  miles  S.W.  of  Yassy,  after  a 
southeastward  course  of  110  miles. 

Moldavia,  mol-di've-g,  (L.  MolcWvia  ;  Ger.  Moldau, 
mol'dow;  Fr.  ilfoWotie,  moPdi'vee' ;  Turk,  ^ogrrfan,  bog- 
din',  or  Keru-hlak,  ki'ri-is-lik'),  one  of  the  former 
Danubian  principalities  of  Europe,  now  a  part  of  Rou- 
mania.  Chief  town,  Yassy.  It  is  bounded  N.  and  E.  by 
Russia,  S.  by  Wallachia  and  Turkey,  and  W.  by  Transyl- 
vnnia  and  Bukowina.  Lat.  45°  22'  to  47°  18'  N. ;  Ion.  25° 
18'  to  28°  18'  E.  It  is  220  miles  from  S.E.  to  N.W.,  and 
about  100  miles  from  E.  to  W.  throughout  three-fourths  of  its 
length,  the  remaining  fourth  abruptly  diminishing  to  about 
45  miles.  Area,  about  18,000  square  miles.  The  general  sur- 
face of  the  country,  excepting  the  W.  frontier,  consists  of 
undulating  plains  of  great  beauty  and  vast  extent,  covered 
with  luxuriant  crops  of  grass.  Towards  the  W.  the  plains 
are  succeeded  by  hills  and  valleys,  formed  by  detached 
branches  of  the  Carpathian  chain.  It  is  watered  by  several 
considerable  streams ;  the  largest,  the  Sereth,  traverses  it 
longitudinally.  It  has  the  Pruth  on  its  E.  border,  and  for 
a  short  distance  the  Danube  on  its  S.  limit.  It  possesses 
considerable  mineral  wealth,  of  which,  however,  but  little 
advantage  has  been  taken.  The  principal  minerals  are 
rock  salt,  asphaltum,  and  small  quantities  of  gold.  The  cli- 
mate is  warm  in  summer,  but  frequently  severe  in  winter. 
The  principal  products  are  wheat,  barley,  millet,  and  mai?e; 
wine  and  tobacco  are  also  produced  in  considerable  quantity. 
But  by  far  the  greater  portion  of  the  country  is  pasture, 
which  f£«d8  vast  numbers  of  swine,  cattle,  horses,  sheep, 


MOL 


1860 


MOL 


and  goats.  The  wild  animals  are  stags,  wild  boars,  bears, 
wolves,  foxes,  wild  goats,  hares,  and  martens.  Dees  also 
abound.  The  foreign  trade,  however,  of  the  principality, 
through  Oalats,  is  oonsiderablo.  The  great  oulk  of  the 
people  in  Moldavia  are  employed  more  or  loss  in  agricul- 
tural pursuits.  They  are  a  very  intolligout  and  sagnoious 
race,  quiet  and  harmless.  The  principal  food  of  the  peas- 
antry consists  of  a  kind  of  dough  made  of  the  Hour  of 
Indian  wheat,  sometimes  mixed  with  milk.  The  language 
is  Roumanian.  Education  is  in  a  very  low  state.  Moldavia 
was  lon^  tributary  to  the  Porto.  Its  political  state  was 
rcguliitod  by  the  treaties  of  1826  and  1829  (the  latter  that 
•f  Adrianople)  between  Russia  and  Turkey;  while  main- 
taining the  suzerainty  of  the  latter,  the  country  was  placed 
under  the  protection  of  Russia.  In  1834,  Turkey  rocogniiod 
the  right  of  Moldavia  to  display  a  national  flag.  In  1861 
it  became  a  part  of  Roumania,  and  with  it  in  1877  became 

indcnendent  of  Turkey.   Pop.  about  1,300,000. Adj.  and 

inhal).  Moldavian,  mol-d&'ve-an. 

Molde»  mol'd^h,  a  seaport  town  of  Norway,  on  the  Bay 
of  Molde,  32  miles  S.W.  of  Christiansund,  with  1454  in- 
habitants, a  good  harbor,  and  trade  in  timber,  tar,  and  fish. 

Moldova,  molMo'vSh^or  Moldawa^a  town  of  Hun- 
gary, CO.  of  Kra8s6,  56  miles  E.  of  Belgrade.     Pop.  3200. 

Mole,  a  river  of  England,  rises  in  the  co.  of  Sussex,  and 
joins  the  Thames  opposite  Hampton  Court. 

Mole,  a  small  river  of  Devonshire,  in  England. 

Moie,  mol,  a  seaport  town  of  Hayti,  at  its  N.W.  ex- 
tremity, with  the  best  harbor  in  the  island,  and  some  trade 
in  cotton,  coffee,  and  indigo. 

MoMeen',  a  station  in  Elko  co.,  Nov.,  on  the  Central 
Pacific  Railroad,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Elko. 

Mole  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas. 

Mole  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Ritchie  co.,  W.  Va. 

Molemyne,  a  town  of  India.     See  Maulmain. 

Molenbeek,  or  Molenbeeli-Saint-Jean,  mo^- 
16No'bik'-siN»-zh6N»,  a  suburb  of  Brussels.     Pop.  37,292. 

Moleola,  the  Latin  name  of  Motola. 

Molfetta,  mol-fdt'ti  (anc.  lieapa  ?),  a  seaport  town  of 
Italy,  province  and  16  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Bari,  on 
the  Adriatic.  Pop.  in  1881,  29,697.  It  has  a  cathedral,  a 
bishop's  palace  and  college,  a  sbip-building-yard,  a  port 
formed  by  a  mole,  and  a  natural  breakwater,  and  trade  in 
corn,  oil,  and  almonds. 

Molhem-Bollebeck,  morh5m-bol'l?h-b6k\  a  village 
of  Belgium,  in  Brabant,  on  a  small  stream,  8  miles  N.W.  of 
Brussels.     Pop.  1100. 

Moli^res,  moMe-ain',  a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn-ot- 
Garonne,  11  miles  N.  of  Montauban.     Pop.  905. 

Molin,mo-Ieen',  Molln,  moln,  or  Mollen,  mol'l^n.a 
town  of  Prussia,  on  a  railway,  19  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lauen- 
burg.     Pop.  4141. 

Molina,  mo-leo'n&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  8 
miles  N.W.  of  Murcia.     Pop.  3600. 

Molina,  a  walled  town  of  Spain,  72  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Guadalajara,  on  the  Gallo.     Pop.  3171. 

Molina,  mo-lee'nl,  a  town  of  Chili,  province  of  Talca, 
8  miles  S.W.  of  Curicd.     Pop.  2556. 

Molinara,  mo-Ie-n&'ril,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
14  miles  N.E.  of  Benevento.     Pop.  2470. 

Moline,  mo-leen'  or  mo'leen,  a  post-town  in  Moline 
township,  Rock  Island  co..  III.,  on  the  Mississippi  River, 
and  on  the  Western  Union  Railroad,  the  Chicago,  Rock 
Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  and  the  Rockford,  Rock  Island 
A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  3  or  4  miles  above  Davenport.  It  is 
separated  from  the  island  of  Rock  Island  by  a  swift  and  nar- 
row channel,  which  aSbrds  immense  water-power.  It  has  a 
national  bank,  4  newspaper  offices,  a  high  school,  8  churches, 
4  foundries,  1  or  2  flouring-mills,  2  saw-mills,  machine- 
shops,  a  paper-mill,  2  large  manufactories  of  ploughs  and 
cultivators,  and  manufactures  of  boilers,  pumps,  scales,  &c. 
The  township,  reduced  in  area  in  1879,  is  coextensive  with 
the  town.     Pop.  in  1890,  12,000. 

Moline,  a  post-office  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  and  a  sta- 
tion on  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad,  16  miles  S. 
of  Grand  Rapids.     Here  is  a  steam  lumber-mill. 

Moline,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Neb. 

Molinella,  mo-lee-nfil'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  30  miles  N.E.  of  Bologna,  formerly  on  islands  in  the 
Po,  but  that  river  now  flows  many  miles  from  it.  Pop. 
10,751.     It  is  a  mart  for  cheese  and  hempen  fabrics. 

Molino,  mo-lee'no,  or  Molina,  mo-lee'nH,  a  post-vil- 
lage of  Escambia  co.,  Fla.,  on  the  Pensaoola  Railroad,  near 
the  Escambia  River,  24  miles  N.  of  Pensacola. 

Molino,  mo-li'no  or  mo-lee'no,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union 
00.,  Miss.,  13  miles  S.  of  Ripley,  and  38  miles  E.S.E.  of  Holly 
Springs.    It  has  1  or  2  flour-mills  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 


Molino,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Orw« 
townshm,  on  Salmon  River,  4i  miles  S.E.  of  Richland  Su 
tion.     It  has  a  church,  a  cheese-factory,  Ac. 

Molino,  a  station  in  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Lilt 
Schuylkill  Railroiul,  3  miles  N.  of  Port  Clinton. 

Molino,  a  post-hamlct  of  Lincoln  co.,  Tonn.,  on  El 
River,  about  68  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Nashville.  It  hu 
ohurohes.     Pop.  about  125. 

Molino  del  Key,  mo-lee'no  dfll  ri,  2milo8S.W.of  tb 
city  of  Mexico,  a  range  of  massive  stone  buildings  abot 
6U0  yards  long,  forming  the  western  side  of  an  enoloeui 
which  surrounds  the  rook  and  castle,  groves  and  fields,  o 
Chapultepeo.  It  is  celebrated  as  the  scene  of  a  battle'b< 
tween  the  Mexican  troops,  under  Santa  Anna,  and  tl 
United  States  forces,  September  8,  1847,  resulting  in  tt 
defeat  of  the  former. 

Molinos,  mo-lee'noce,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Aragon,  t 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Sarngossa. 

Molins-de-Iley,  mo-leens'-di-ri,  a  town  of  Spslt 
in  Catalonia,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Barcelona,  on  the  Llobreea 
Pop.  3002. 

MolirAo,  mo-le-r5wN«',  a  village  of  Brazil,  in  Rio  6 
Janeiro,  in  the  Serra  dos  OrgSos,  lietwocn  the  suorces  o 
the  Rio  Grande,  an  affluent  of  the  Parahiba.     Pop.  1000. 

Molisc,  a  province  of  Italy.    See  CAMPonAsso. 

Molitchnia,  mo-litch'no-a,  or  Molochnin-Vod) 
mo-lotch'ne-i-vo'doe,  written  alsoMolotclinouin,ariv( 
of  Russia,  rises  S.E.  of  Orekhov,  flows  S.W.,  and,  after 
course  of  about  70  miles,  expands  into  Lake  Molotchno^ 
which  communicates  with  the  Sea  of  Azof. 

Moliterno,  mo-le-tia'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basil 
cata,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lagonegro.     Pop.  6621. 

Molivo,  mo-lce'vo  (anc.  Methym'na),  a,  seaport  villag 
of  Asiatic  'i'urkey,  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  island  of  Mitj 
lene.  It  is  defended  by  a  fortress,  and  has  some  trade  i 
olive  oil,  fruits,  and  cotton. 

M5lk,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Melk. 

Molkwerum,  molk'*i-riira,  a  maritime  town  of  th 
Netherlands,  in  Friesland,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Stavorcn. 

Moll,  moll,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  31  mik 
E.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  of  commune,  6735. 

Mollare,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Molars. 

Mollendo,  mol-ySn'do,  a  seaport  village  of  Pern,  o 
the  open  coast,  and  in  a  desert,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Islay.  J 
is  the  terminus  of  a  railway  to  Arequipa  and  Puno,  has  a 
elegant  railway  station,  and  is  supplied  with  water  by  a 
i^on  aqueduct  85  miles  long. 

Molihausen,  a  village  of  Wiirtcmberg.  See  Ebhausbj 

Mollina,  mol-yee'n4,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  3 
miles  from  Malaga.     Pop.  2469. 

Mollis,  moi'lis,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
miles  N.  of  Glarus.     Pop.  2250. 

Molln,  molln,  a  village  of  Upper  Austria,  circle  o: 
Traun.     Pop.  1239. 

Alolln,  or  Mollen,  Prussia.    See  Molin. 

Moll'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  about  1 
miles  N.  of  Reading. 

Molmen,  Burmah.     See  MAUHfAiN. 

Molodctchno,  mo-lo-dfitch'no,  a  town  of  Russian  Po 
land,  government  and  37  miles  N.W.  of  Minsk. 

Mologa,  mo-lo'gi.  a  river  of  Russia,  governments  o 
Tver,  Novgorod,  and  Yaroslav,  joins  the  \o\ga.  on  the  lefl 
near  Mologa,  after  a  N.  and  E.  course  of  250  miles. 

Mologa,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  68  mile 
W.N.W.  of  Yaroslav,  on  the  Volga,  where  it  is  joined  b; 
the  Mologa.     Pop.  4440. 

Moloia,  a  river  of  Morocco.    See  Mulweeta. 

Molokai,  mo-Io-kl',  or  Morotai,  mo-ro-ti',  writtei 
also  Morotoi,  one  of  the  Sandwich  Islands,  in  the  Pacifi 
Ocean.  Lat.  21°  9'  N.;  Ion.  156°  51'  W.  It  is  formed  bi 
a  chain  of  volcanic  mountains  about  40  miles  long  aw 
from  7  to  9  miles  broad.     Pop.  2349. 

Molscn,  mol'sQU,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  15  mile| 
S.  of  Morseburg.  i 

Molsheim,  mols'hime  (Fr.  pron.  mols'Sra';  L.  Jfoij 
shemium),  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  12  miles  W.S.W! 
of  Strasburg.  Pop.  3085.  It  has  manufactures  of  hard 
wares,  tape,  and  paper. 

Molton,  South,  England.    See  South  Moltox. 

Molua,  mo-loo'i,  a  nation  in  the  interior  of  Africa,  E 
of  Congo,  with  a  capital  about  150  miles  from  Loanda 
Lat.  4°  5'  S.,-  Ion.  19°  20'  E. 

Moluccas,  mo-luk'kas,  or  Spice  Islands,  a  nam 
applied  to  the  islands  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  betweei 
Celebes  and  Papua,  comprising  Gilolo,  Ceram,  Booro,  Am 
boyna,  the  Banda  Islands,  Bachian,  Oby,  and  Wuigeoo 
They  are  volcanic  and  fertile,  producing  nutmegs,  clovei 


MOL 


1861 


MON 


nd  other  spices,  sago,  and  fine  woods  and  fruits.  Around 
icm  are  many  pearl-  and  trepang-flsheries.  The  Moluccas 
avobeen  for  centuries  alternately  in  the  possession  of  the 
paniards,  Portuguese,  and  Dutch,  but  at  present  are  held 
V  the  last-named  nation.  Tho  general  language  on  the 
iast  is  the  Malay.  The  population  consists  of  Malays, 
apuans,  Chinese,  Japanese,  and  some  Europeans.  Tho 
loLUCcA  Passage  lies  between  Gilolo  and  the  northern 
cninsula  of  Celebes.  Near  its  centre  are  the  islands  of 
leyon  and  Tyfore.     Pop.  .315,265. 

Moluches,  mo-loo'ch6s,  a  warlike  tribe  of  Indians  in 
le  N.W.  part  of  Patagonia. 

Molun'cus,  a  post-office  of  Aroostook  cc,  Me.  Pop. 
f  Moluncus  plantation,  61. 

Mo'lus  River,  a  post-settlement  in  Kent  cc,  New 
Irunswiek,  13  miles  from  Kingston.     Pop.  150. 
Molvizar,  mol-vc-than',  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Anda- 
isia,  35  miles  from  Granada.     Pop.  2225. 
jlombaccus,  mom-bak'us,  post-office,  Ulster  co.,  N.Y. 
Mombarcaro,  mom-baR-ki'ro,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
nce  of  Coni,  N.E.  of  Mondovi.     Pop.  1144. 
Mombaruzzo,  mom-bl-root'so,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
nco  and  14  miles  S.W.  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  2805. 
Mombas,  or  Mombaz,  mom-bis',  or  Mombasa, 
lom-bi'si  (the  former  the  common,  the  latter  the  literal 
irabio  form ;  in  the  language  of  the  native  race,  Mp&za), 
n  island  and  town  on  the  E.  coast  of  Africa.     Lat.  4°  6' 
.;  Ion.  39°  49'  E.     When  the  Portuguese  first  arrived 
ere  at  the  end  of  the  fifteenth  century,  they  found  a  large 
rul  well-built  town,  with  a  great  deal  of  trade,  and  the 
cople  apparently  wealthy.     In  1507,  Almeida  took  Mom- 
;is  and  destroyed  it  by  fire.   In  1588  the  Portuguese  again 
nok  possession  of  the  island,  and  erected  the  fort,  castle, 
reat  tank,  and  other  structures,  more  or  less  dilapidated 
,t  tho  present  day.     The  castle  stands  on  a  rock,  cut  per- 
endicularly,  and  is  still  capable  of  being  rendered  a  strong- 
old.  Mombas  at  the  present  day  is  ruinous,  and  wretched 
lovels  are  now  scattered  among  the  crumbling  walls  of 
lately  buildings.     Immediately  outside  the  walls  of  the 
own,  on  the  N.  side,  is  Jokdli,  a  Sawdhili  village, — that  is, 
.  suburb  inhabited  only  by  Mohammedan  Africans.     At 
he  S.  end  of  the  island  is  another  village,  of  mixed  popu- 
ation,  called   Kilendini.     The  whole   population   of  the 
sland,  probably,  does  not  exceed  6000.     The  harbor  of 
ilombas  is  quite  perfect, — secure,  commodious,  roomy,  and 
(ipcn  to  the  sea-breeze.     Mombas  placed  itself  under  the 
hrotcction  of  the  British  flag  in  1823,  was  immediately 
'illcd  with  Banyans,  and  enjoyed  for  three  years  a  return 
if  mercantile  prosperity.     But  the  British  flag  was  struck 
n  1826,  when  the  forces  of  Sultan  Seid  Said  obtained  pos- 
ession.    Mombas  now  belongs  to  Zanzibar,  and   exports 
vory,  copal,  grain,  hides,  <fec. 

Mombasiglio,  mom-bi-seel'yo,  a  village  of  Italy,  6 
niles  from  Mondovi,  on  the  Monza.     Pop.  1255. 

Mombello,  mom-bSl'Io,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Alessandria,  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Turin.     Pop.  2617. 

Mombeltran,  mom-bSl-trin',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old 
'astlle,  32  miles  S.S.W.  of  Avila.     Pop.  1204. 
3Iombercelli,  mom-bSR-chdl'lee,  a  village  of  Italy, 
rovince  and  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Asti.     Pop.  3343. 
Mombrio  de  Tarragona,  mom'bre-o  di  tan-ni- 
(jo'nA,  a  town  of  Spain,  Catalonia,  on  the  Salado.     P.  1196. 
1   Momellano,  mo-m51-li'no,  or  Monmeliano,  mon- 
ni-le-4'no,  a  town  of  Erance,  in  Savoy,  on  the  Is6re. 
j    Momence,  mo-monss',  a  post-village  of  Kankakee  co., 
ifll.,  in  Momence  township,  on  the  Kankakee  lliver,  and  on 
Ijhe  Chicago,  Danville  <fc  Vincennes  Railroad,  54  miles  S.  of 
phioago,  and  about  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Kankakee.     It  has 
j3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  2  banking- 
houses,  a  flour-mill,  <fec.     Pop.  in  1 890,  9025. 
\    Momence,  a  post-office  of  Fillmore  co..  Neb. 
■    Momf,  the  Coptic  name  of  Memphis. 

Momigiiies,  mo^meen^yee',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in 
:  [lainiiut,  36  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mons.     Pop.  2600. 

Alomling,  mom'ling,  or  Momlingeu,  mom'ling-^n, 
i»  village  of  Bavaria,  Lower  Franoonia,  district  of  Obern- 
burg.    Pop.  1443. 

Momo,  mo'mo,  a  town  of  Italy,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  No- 
jrara,  on  the  Agogna.    Pop.  1546. 

Monionia,  the  Latin  name  of  Munster. 
Mompantero,  mom-pin-td'ro,  a  village  ofltaly,  prov- 
,  nee  of  Turin.     Pop.  1329. 

I    Mompiano,  mom-pe-i'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
knd  3  miles  from  Brescia.     Pop.  1179. 
I    Mompox,  or  Mompoj,   mom-pfia',  a  town  of   the 
f  republic  of  Colombia,  province  and  140  milea  S.  by  W. 
jor  Santa  Marta,  on  the  Magdalena.    Lat.  9°  15'  N.j  Ion. 


74°  30'  W.  The  streets  extend  along  the  river  for  two 
miles,  and  there  are  here  a  good  quay  and  a  custom-house. 
Mompox  is  the  depot  of  foreign  goods  destined  for  tho  val- 
ley of  the  Magdalena.     Pop.  10,000. 

Mona.    See  Anglesey,  and  Isle  of  Man. 

Mona,  mo'nl,  a  small  island  of  tho  West  Indies,  in  the 
Mona  Passage,  a  strait  80  miles  across,  which  separates 
Ilayti  from  Porto  Rico.  The  island  is  7  miles  long  and  2 
miles  broad.    N.W.  of  it  is  the  islet  of  Monita  (mo-nee'ti). 

Mo'iia,  a  township  of  Ford  co.,  Ill,  Pop.  356.  It  con- 
tains a  part  of  the  Vermilion  Swamp. 

Mona,  a  post-village  in  Otranto  township,  Mitchell 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  Cedar  River,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Illinois 
Central  Railroad,  34  miles  N.N.W.  of  Charles  City.  It  has 
a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  mashing-machines. 

Mona,  a  post-village  of  Juab  co.,  Utah,  8  miles  S.S.W. 
of  York.     It  has  a  church. 

Monachium,  the  Latin  name  of  Munich. 

Monachodanum,  the  Latin  for  Monnikendasi. 

Monaco,  mon'i-ko,  a  principality  of  Europe,  Italian 
in  language  and  traditions,  but  surrounded  on  all  sides  by 
the  French  department  of  Alpes-Maritimes,  except  to  the 
S.,  where  it  borders  on  the  sea.  Area,  6  square  miles.  It 
consists  mainly  of  the  town  of  Monaco  and  its  suburbs  (anc. 
Partus  Monceci,  or  Partus  Hereulis  Monceci),  on  a  promon- 
tory overlooking  the  sea,  9  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Nice. 
The  town  has  a  fine  palace,  a  new  cathedral,  a  college,  a 
noted  casino,  where  gambling  is  licensed,  its  profits  paying 
all  stale  expenses,  and  manufactures  of  spirits,  fine  pottery, 
bricks,  perfumery,  and  objects  of  virtA.  The  state  is  vir- 
tually under  French  control.  Pop.  of  town  in  1890,  3292;' 
of  principality,  12,000. 

Monad'nock,  or  Grand  Monadnock,  a  mountain 
in  Cheshire  co.,  N.II.,  about  10  miles  S.E.  of  Keene.  It  is 
nearly  5  miles  long,  and  has  an  altitude  of  3718  feet  above 
the  sea-level.     It  is  partly  composed  of  slate  and  talc. 

Mon'agan,  a  township  of  St.  Clair  co..  Mo.     P.  1434.. 

Monaghan,  mon'a-uan,  an  inland  county  of  Ireland, 
in  Ulster.  Aresi,  500  square  miles.  Surface  hilly,  inter- 
spersed with  many  bogs  and  small  lakes.  The  North  Black- 
water  River  is  on  the  N.  boundary.  Chief  crops,  flax,  oats, 
wheat,  and  potatoes.  Butter  is  made  in  large  quantities. 
Limestone  is  the  principal  mineral  product.  The  Ulster 
Canal  traverses  the  county.  Chief  towns,  Monaghan, 
Clones,  and  Carrickmacross.  It  sends  two  members  to  the 
House  of  Commons,  both  for  the  county.     Pop.  114,969. 

Monaghan,  a  market-town  of  Ireland,  capital  of  the 
above  county,  68  miles  N.N.W.  of  Dublin.  Pop.  3032.  It 
is  situated  on  the  borders  of  two  large  ponds.  It  has  a  cen- 
tral square,  a  diocesan  college,  a  national  school,  an  in- 
firmary, barracks,  and  a  market-house. 

Mon'aghan,  a  township  of  York  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1028. 

Monapia,  or  Monarina.    See  Isle  of  Man. 

Mo'naskon,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Rappahannock  lliver,  about  65  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Rich- 
mond. It  has  a  steamboat-landing,  2  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  farming-implements  and  vehicles. 

Monas'sa,  a  town  of  India,  in  Indore.  Lat.  24°  27' 
N.;  Ion.  75°  13'  E.     Pop.  4100. 

Monasteer,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Monastib. 

Mon'aster'even,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  6  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Kildare,  on  the  Barrow,  and  on  a  branch  of  the 
Grand  Canal.     Pop.  of  parish,  2544. 

Monasterium,  the  Latin  name  of  MOnster. 

Monasterium  Yillaris.    See  Mostivilliers. 

Monastero  d'Acqui,  mo-nd.s-t4'ro  dik'kwee,  a  vil- 
lage of  Italy,  7  miles  AV.  of  Acqui,  on  tho  Bormida.  P.  1396. 

Monastero  di  Mondovi,  mo-nis-t4'ro  dee  mon-do- 
vee',  a  village  of  Italy,  4  miles  S.  of  Mondovi.     Pop.  190 1. 

Monasterolo  di  Savigliano,  mo-nis-td-ro'lo  dee 
si-veel-yi'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Saluzzo. 

Monasterzyska,  mo-n5.s-t§r-zees'ki,  or  Manaster- 
zyska,  m4-nS,s-t§r-zees'k3,,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Galicia, 
10  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Buczacz.     Pop.  3233. 

Mouastier,  mo^n4sHe-4',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute- 
Loire,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Le  Puy.     Pop.  2126. 

Monastir,  mo-nis-teer',  a  seaport  town  of  North  Africa, 
dominions  and  80  miles  S.E.  of  Tunis,  on  the  Gulf  of  Sidra. 
Pop.  12,000,  who  manufacture  woollen  and  camlet  fabrics 
and  have  considerable  maritime  trade. 

Monastir,  mo'nS.s-teer'  (sometimes  written  Monas- 
teer), or  Vitolia,  ve-to'le-i,  a  city  of  European  Turkey, 
in  Macedonia,  400  miles  W.  of  Constantinople.  It  is  built 
at  the  W.  edge  of  a  fine  plain,  in  a  recess  formed  by  lofty 
mountains,  and  is  intersected  by  a  river  crossed  by  numer- 
ous bridges.  The  streets  are  wide  and  well  paved,  and  the 
houses  neat  and  clean;  the  mosques  and  minarets,  inter 


MON 


1862 


MON 


mixed  with  cypress  ivnd  \rillow  foliage,  givo  a  pieturesquo 
appoaranoe  to  the  tovrn;  and  tlio  well-frequented  baiaars 
are  remarkably  handsome.  It  is  an  imfnortant  military 
eentre.  The  majority  of  the  inhabitants  are  Qroeks  and 
Bu!j;ariang,  the  Turkish  residents  being  mostly  soldiers  or 
officials.     Pop.  about  15,00i). 

Monn  VirKiiiin  Danica,  the  Latin  name  of  Morn. 

Itloiibelliaril,  Comt6  de*  k6N*H4'  d?h  m6.v>Mj£l^- 
le-an',  an  ancient  district  of  Franco,  situated  nt  the  foot  of 
the  Vosges,  between  Upper  Alsaoe  and  the  old  territory  of 
Basel.  After  having  oeen  long  in  the  possession  of  the 
Dukes  of  Burgundy,  it  passed,  in  1419,  to  a  branch  of  the 
house  of  WUrtomborg,  and  continued  with  that  house  till 
1793,  when  it  was  ceded  by  treaty  to  Franco.  It  is  now 
included  in  the  department  of  Doubs. 

Afoncada*  mon-k&'D&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
7  miles  N.  of  Valencia,  on  the  Moncnda.     Pop.  2734. 

Moncalierif  mon-k&-lo-&'reo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Pied- 
mont, on  tho  Po,  4  miles  by  railway  S.  of  Turin.  Pop. 
9994.     It  has  a  palace,  with  a  fine  collection  of  portraits. 

Af oncalvo,  mon-kJVI'vo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont, 
province  and  22  miles  W.N.W.  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  4067. 

Mon^flo,  mon-S(3wN»',  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Minho,  28 
miles  N.  of  Braga,  on  tho  Minho.     Pop.  1637. 

Mon^araS)  or  Monsaras,  mon-sa'r&s,  a  town  of  Por- 
tugal, province  of  Alemtcjo,  on  the  Guadiana,  28  miles  S.W. 
of  Elvas.     Pop.  1380. 

Moncayo,  mon-kl'o  {Mont  Caimm),  a  mountain  of 
Spain,  about  55  miles  W.  of  Saragoss.a,  on  the  boundaries 
of  Amgon  and  Castile.     It  is  9600  feet  high. 

MonceauX)  m6No*so',  a  village  of  France,  in  CorrSze, 
14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Tulle.  Pop.  1894.  It  is  also  the  name 
of  a  suburb  of  Paris,  noted  for  its  fine  park. 

Aldnch,  mbnK  {i.e.,  tho  "monk"),  one  of  the  loftiest 
Alpine  heights  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Bern,  on  the 
borders  of  the  Valais,  3  miles  N.E.  of  tho  Jungfrau. 
Height,  13,468  feet. 

Mdnchberg,  monK'b^RO,  a  town  of  Bararia,  31  miles 
W.  of  Wurzburg.     Pop.  1309. 

Monchen-GIadbach.    See  M<}rohb^-Gi/Adbaor. 

Mon'ches,  a  post-hamlet  in  Morton  township,  Wau- 
kesha CO.,  Wis.,  about  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Milwaukee.  It 
has  a  ehurcli. 

Monchio,  mon-ke'o,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  32 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Parma.     Pop.  of  commune,  2326. 

Monchique,  mon-shee'kd,,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Al- 
garve,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Lngos.     Pop.  5233. 

Monchoboo,  Monchaboo,  mon*ch9-boo',  or  Mon- 
chobo,  mon^cho-b5'  (called  by  tho  natives  Moksobo, 
mok'so-bo',  or  Kloksoboo,  mok^so-boo'),  a  town  of  Bur- 
mali,  on  tho  W.  bank  of  a  lake,  27  miles  N.  of  Ava.  It  is 
tho  birthplace  of  Alompra,  and  during  his  rule  it  was  also 
tho  seat  of  government. 

Monchsroth)  monKs'rot,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  25 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Anspach.     Pop.  1054. 

Monck,  monk,  a  county  of  Ontario,  situated  at  the  E. 
end  of  Lake  Erie,  by  which  it  is  bounded  on  the  S.  Area, 
238,786  acres.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Grand  Trunk,  Groat 
Western,  and  Canada  Southern  Railways.     Pop,  16,179. 

Monck'land,  a  post-village  in  Stormont  co.,  Ontario, 
on  a  branch  of  the  Rividre  aux  Raisin,  13  miles  N.W.  of 
Cornwall.     Pop,  170. 

Monclar,  miNo^klan',  a  small  town  of  France,  in  Tam- 
et-Garonno,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Montauban.     Pop.  2142. 

Monclar,  a  small  town  of  France,  in  Lot-et-Garonno,  9 
miles  N.W.  of  Villeneuve.     Pop.  1755. 

Monclova,  Albany  co.,  N.Y.    See  Preston  Hollow. 

Monclo'va,  apost- village  in  Monelova  township,  Lucas 
CO.,  0.,  on  tho  Ottawa  River,  about  14  miles  S.W.  of  To- 
ledo, near  Monelova  Station  on  the  Wabash  Railroad.  It 
has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  833. 

Monelova,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Morgan  co.,  W.  Va. 

Moncontonr,  m6s<»*k6>-"HooR',  a  town  of  Franco,  in 
Cfltcs-du-Nord,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Saint-Brieuo.    Pop.  1387. 

Moncontonr^  a  town  of  France,  in  Vienne,  9  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Loudun. 

Moncorvo,  Portugal.    See  TonnE  de  Moscorvo. 

3Ion'crei»f  Hill,  Scotland,  2i  miles  S.  of  Perth,  is  756 
feet  above  the  sea. 

Moncrivello,  mon-kro-v61'lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  in 
Piedmont,  province  of  Novara,  22  miles  W.  of  Vercelli. 
Pop.  2243. 

Afonc'ton,  a  post-town  of  New  Brunswick,  co.  of  West- 
moreland, at  a  railway  junction,  89  miles  N.E.  of  St.  John. 
It  is  at  the  head  of  navigation  on  the  Petitcodiac  River,  has 
a  fine  harbor,  and  contains  4  churches,  several  hotels,  a 
number  of  stores,  a  newspaper  office,  2  branch  banks,  and 


manufactories  of  castings,  engines,  machinery,  tobiteo 
leather,  wooden-ware,  Ac.  Hero  aro  tho  offices  and  prlno 
pal  workshops  of  the  Intercolonial  Railway.  Monotan  U 
port  of  entry.     Pop.  4810. 

Moncuvco,  mon-kook'ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Plw 
mont,  province  of  Alessandria,  18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ail 
Pop.  loll. 

Monciiq,  or  Montcnq,  miK»^kUk',  a  town  of  Fnuic( 
in  Lot,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Cahors.     Pop.  1153. 

Mon'curc,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chatham  co.,  N.C.,  on  o 
near  Deep  River,  and  on  the  Raleigh  A  Augusta  lUilrmu 
30  miles  S.W.  of  Raleigh. 

Moiida,  mon'd&  (ano.  Mun'da),  a  to^vn  of  Spain,  proi 
inco  and  28  miles  W.  of  Malaga.     Pop.  3557. 

Alonda,  tho  ancient  name  of  Mondego. 

Monda'min,  a  post-village  in  Morgan  township,  Ilm 
rison  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Siou.x  City  &  Pacific  Railroad,  .■? 
miles  N.  of  Omaha,  and  about  4  miles  E.  of  the  Mlssom 
River.     It  has  a  church  and  a  bank. 

Mon'day  Creek,  Ohio,  runs  southeastward  throng 
Hocking  eo.,  and  enters  the  Hooking  River  in  Athens  co 

Monday  Creek,  a  township  of  Porry  co.,  0.  Pop 
1165.     It  contains  Max ville. 

Mondego,  mon-d4'go  (ano.  Mon'da),  a  rivor  of  For 
tugal,  rises  14  miles  S.W.  of  Guarda,  and  enters  the  Atlanti 
at  Cape  Mondego.     Length,  130  miles. 

Mondego,  a  navigable  river  of  Brazil,  state  of  Hiitto 
Grosso,  joins  the  Paraguay  on  the  left,  at  Fort  Miranda 
Leneth,  180  miles. 

Mondejar,  or  Mondexar,  mon-dd-nan',  a  town  ol 
Spain,  province  and  31  miles  E.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  2069. 

Mondim,  mon-deeN»',  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  11 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Lamego,  on  the  Tarouca.     Pop.  1718. 

Mondim  de  Basto,  mon-deoNo'  di  bis'to,  a  town  ol 
Portugal,  in  Tras-os-Montes,  on  tho  Tamega,  68  miles  S.W 
of  Braganza.     Pop.  1500. 

Mondoleti,  mon-do'l^h,  a  small  but  richly-wooded  am 
fertile  island  in  the  Bay  of  Amboises,  West  Africa. 

Mondolfo,  mon-dol'fo,  a  town  of  Central  Italy,  in  thi 
Marches,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Pesaro.     Pop.  3600. 

Mondoiiedo,  mon-d6n-y4,'Do,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov^ 
ince  and  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lugo.  Pop.  2452.  It  has  t 
cathedral,  a  seminary,  and  manufactures  of  coarse  cloths 
It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Mondoubleau,  miN<»>doo-bl5',  a  town  of  France,  ii 
Loir-et-Cher,  14  miles  N.N.W.  of  Vendome.     Pop.  1585. 

Mondovi,  mon-do-vee'  (L.  Mons  Vi'ci  and  Mont  Rt- 
galit),  a  town  of  Italy,  Piedmont,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Coni, 
near  the  Ellero.  Pop.  16,543.  It  is  divided  into  4  parts,— 
the  Piazza,  on  a  hill  enclosed  by  walls  and  having  a  cita. 
del,  and  the  suburbs  at  its  foot,  Carassone,  Breo,  and  Plane 
del  Valle.  It  has  a  cathedral  and  other  churches,  a  bish- 
op's palace,  hospitals,  asylums,  a  college,  a  diocesan  school, 
silk-mills,  tanneries,  iron-forges,  and  manufactures  of 
woollen  and  cotton  fabrics. 

Mondo'vi,  or  Mondo've,  a  post-villago  of  Buffalo 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Buffalo  or  Beef  River,  25  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Eau  Claire.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded 
school,  a  machine-shop,  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Mondragon,  m6N»'dri'g6N>'',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Vaucluse,  arrondissement  of  Orango.     Pop.  1474. 

Mondragon,  mon-dri-gon',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Gui- 
puzooa,  33  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Sebastian.     Pop.  1740. 

Mondragone,  mon-dri-go'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  proT- 
inee  of  Caserta,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Gae'ta.     Pop.  3990. 

Alondsee,  mond'si*,  a  town  of  Upper  Austria,  on  the 
N.  bank  of  a  lake  of  the  same  name/  15  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Salzburg.     Pop,  1240. 

Mondsee,  a  lake  of  Upper  Austria,  about  6  miles  long, 
and  less  than  2  miles  broad,  is  about  1400  feet  above  sea- 
level,  and  surrounded  by  mountains. 

Moueah,  mo'nee'a,  also  called  Maner  and  Manir, 
ma-neer',  a  town  of  Bengal,  near  the  confluence  of  the 
So'ne  and  the  Ganges,  21  miles  W.  of  Patna.  It  has  a  Mo- 
hammedan tomb,  and  Hindoo  antiquities.     Pop.  5326. 

Mo^nee',  a  post-villago  in  Monee  township,  Will  CO, 
III.,  on  tho  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  34  miles  S,  by  W.  of 
Chicago,  arid  about  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Joliet.  It  is  the 
highest  point  on  the  Chicago  division  of  the  Central  Rail- 
road, and  is  about  812  feet  above  tho  level  of  the  sea.  It 
has  4  churches,  an  academy,  2  elevators,  and  3  manufac- 
tories of  wagons.     Pop.  598;  of  tho  township,  1600. 

Moneglia,  mo-nSI'yi,  a  village  of  Italy,  on  the  B. 
shore  of  the  Gulf  of  Genoa,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Chiavari 
Pop.  1965. 

Monein,  mo^niu*',  a  town  of  France,  in  Basses-Pjrtt- 
n6es,  on  the  Baise,  11  miles  W.  of  Pau.    Pop.  1230. 


MON 


1863 


MON 


Monemuge,  a  region  of  East  Africa.    Seo  Monomoezi. 

iHonemvasia,  or  Monembasia,  ii)o-n6ui-va,-see'a., 

Napoli  di  Malvasia,  ni'po-le  dee  mil-va-see'i  (anc. 

iio'a),  a  town  of  Greece,  in  Laconia,  on  the  ^gean  Sea, 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Cape  Malia.     It  stands  on  a  small 

md,  having  one  entrance  by  a  bridge  from  the  mainland, 

J  consists  of  a  fortress  and  an  outer  town.     Near  it  are 

3  remains  of  Epidau'rua  Lime'ra.     Pop.  3371. 

Mouesiglio,  rao-nA-seel'yo,  a  village  of  Italy,  17  miles 

N.E.  of  Mondovi,  on  the  Bormida.     Pop.  13S9. 

Moncstee  River.    See  Monistique  River. 

Monesti6s,mo^n5sHe-i',a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn,  10 

les  N.N.W.  of  Alby.    Pop.  1627. 

Money  (mun'e)  Creek,  a  township  of  McLean  oo., 

.    Pop.  999. 

Money  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Money  Creek  town- 

ip,  Houston  CO.,  Minn.,  about  18  miles  S.  of  Winona.    It 

3  2  churches  and  2  flour-mills.     The  township  is  drained 
Root  River,  and  has  a  pop.  of  765,     Money  Creek  Sta- 

n  is  on  the  Southern  Minnesota  Railroad,  28  miles  W,  of 

,  Crosse. 

Mon'ey-Gall,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  King's  co.,  8 

les  S.W.  of  Roscrea.    Pop.  491. 

Mon'eymore,  a  town  of  Ireland,  eo.  of  Londonderry, 

miles  S.  of  Coleraino.     Pop.  644. 

Moneymusk,  a  village  of  Scotland.    See  Monymusk. 

Monfalcone,  mon-fil-ko'n4,  a  fortified  town  of  Aus- 

a,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Triest,  near  its  gulf.     Pop.  4506. 

Monfestino,  mon-fes-tee'no,  a  town  cf  Italy,  province 

il  20  miles  S.  of  Modena.     Pop.  of  commune,  5426. 

Munfia,  mon-fee'i,  or  Mafia,  m4-fee'i,  an  island  off 

■  E.  coast  of  Africa,  Zanzibar  dominions,  75  miles  N.N.E. 

Quiloa.    Lat.  7°  50'  S. ;  Ion.  39°  40'  E. 

Monflanquin,  or  Montflanqnin,  m6N»^fl6N»^k8,iJ»', 

own  of  France,  in  Lot-et-Garonne,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of 

lleneuve.     Pop.  1009. 

Monforte,  mon-fon'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  division  of 

ni,  9  miles  S.  of  Alba.     Pop.  2213. 

Monforte,  mon-foR'tA,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province 

Alomtejo,  17  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Portalegre.     Pop.  809. 

Monforte,  mon-foii'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 

miles  W.  of  Alicante.     Pop.  3898. 

Monforte,  mon-foR't4,  a  town  of  Brazil,  35  miles  N. 

Para,  on  the  island  of  Marajo,  on  a  height  overlooking 

3  Bay  of  Pari. 

Monforte  de  Lemus,  mon-foR'ti  di  li'mooce,  a  town 

Spain,  province  and  25  miles  S.  of  Lugo.     Pop.  of  com- 

inc,  2355. 

:Monfrici,  mon-free'chee,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Sicily, 
pvinco  of  Girgenti,  11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Sciacca. 

Mongardino,  mon-gaR-dee'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  5 
[les  S.  of  Asti,    Pop.  1080. 
^Mongat,  mon-git',  a  village  of  Spain,  on  the  Barcelona 

iMataro  Railway,  and  on  the  coast. 
Mongatz,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Mcnkacs. 
JUou'gaup,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
ilaware  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mongaup  River,  5  or 
aailes  N.W.  of  Port  Jervis. 

Mongaup  Valley,  apost-village  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y., 
the  Mongaup  River,  6  miles  W.  of  Monticello.  It  has  2 
urchcs,  a  tannery,  and  a  high  school. 
Monghir,  Monghyr,  m(?n-ghcer',  Mungeer,  or 
angir,  mun-gheor',  a  district  of  Bengal.  Lat.  24°  22'- 
°  49'  N.;  Ion.  85°  40'-86°  55'  E.  Area,  3922  square 
les.  It  is  traversed  by  the  main  Ganges.  It  is  fertile, 
thextensivo-junglos.  Capital,  Monghir.  Pop.  1,812,986. 
Monghir,  Monghyr,  Mungeer,  or  Mungir,  a  town 
Bengal,  capital  of  Monghir  district,  on  the  Ganges,  35 
les  by  rail  above  Boglipoor.  It  consists  of  two  parts,  the 
t  or  European  town,  enclosed  by  a  wall  of  earth  and  stone, 
il  the  native  quarter.  It  has  a  jail  (formerly  a  native 
i  lace)  and  other  good  public  buildings,  and  is  the  seat  of 
jnsiderable  native  manufactures.     Pop.  69,698. 

IMongiardino,  mon-jaR-deo'no,  a  village  of  Italy, 
evince  of  Genoa,  12  miles  from  Novi.  Pop.  1768. 
Mongibello,  a  name  of  Mount  Etna.  See  Et.va. 
Mongo,  mong'go,  a  mountain-range  in  West  Africa,  on 
0  mainland,  opposite  Fernando  Po,  its  highest  peak,  Mon- 
jiaasobah  ("God's  Mountain"),  being  subject  to  volcanic 
I  option 

^JDon'go,  a  post-village  of  La  Grange  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
jgeon  River,  about  40  miles  E.  of  Elkhart.  It  has  a  flour- 
lill  and  a  drug-store. 

(Mongolia,  mon-go'Ie-a  (Fr.  MongoUe,  m6jj"*goMee' ; 
ir.  Mongolei,  mon'go-li),  a  wide  region  of  Asia,  comprised 
the  Chinese  Empire,  mostly  between  lat.  37°  and  60°  N. 
a  Ion.  88°  and  126°  E,,  having  E.  Manchooria,  from 


which  it  is  separated  by  a  wooden  palisade,  S.  and  S.W 
China  and  Chinese  Toorkistan,  and  N.  the  Khing-Gan  and 
other  mountain-chains,  dividing  it  from  Russian  Asia.  Es- 
timated area,  1,400,000  square  miles.  Pop.  supposed  to  be 
2,000,000.  It  is  mostly  a  vast  desert,  its  central  part  form, 
ing  the  E.  half  of  the  Gobi,  though  here  and  there  thig 
stony  and  sandy  region  has  productive  tracts,  feeding  herds 
of  cattle  belonging  to  nomadic  tribes,  and  some  wheat, 
barley,  and  millet  are  raised.  In  the  N.  the  country  is 
richly  wooded.  Its  rivers  are  mostly  affluents  of  the  Amoor, 
Irkootsk,  or  Yenisei,  though  some  discharge  themselves 
into  extensive  lakes,  which  are  most  numerous  in  the  N.AV., 
the  principal  lakes  being  the  Oobsa-Nor  and  Ike-Aral- 
Nor.  The  trade  is  almost  exclusively  with  China  proper, 
to  which  the  Mongols  send  live-stock  of  all  kinds,  receiving 
in  return  brick  tea,  tobacco,  brandy,  silk,  cotton  and  wool- 
len fabrics,  boots,  and  metallic  wares.  The  Mongols  have 
a  peculiar  conformation,  which  has  been  taken  by  ethnol- 
ogists as  the  type  of  a  great  subdivision  of  the  human 
race  inhabiting  the  greater  part  of  Asia  E.  of  the  Caspian. 
They  are  of  the  Booddhic  religion,  and  live  under  various 
chiefs,  who  pay  tribute  to  the  Chinese  emperor,  but  receive 
presents  from  him  in  return  to  a  much  greater  amount. 
Mongolia  is  divided  into  66  aimaks,  or  chiefships,  and  again 
into  135  "banners,"  or  military  tribes,  again  subdivided 
into  regiments,  &c.  The  supreme  administration  is  vested 
in  the  board  or  tribunal  of  foreign  affairs  at  Peking.  Chief 
city,  Oorga.  The  native  tribes  all  claim  descent  from  the 
celebrated  Jenghis  Khan,  who  in  the  beginning  of  the  thir- 
teenth century  united  the  different  races  under  his  sway,  and 
in  the  course  of  his  devastating  conquests,  both  westward 
and  southward,  made  the  Mongols,  of  whom  little  had  been 
previously  heard,  to  occupy  an  important  page  in  history. 
The  conquests  of  Jenghis  Khan  were  extended  by  his  son 
Oktai,  who  subdued  the  whole  of  China  and  overthrow  the 
caliphate  of  Bagdad,  while  other  hordes  forced  their  way 
into  Russia,  devastated  large  portions  of  it,  pillaged  Mos- 
cow, entered  Poland  in  1240,  and  were  threatening  all  Ger- 
many with  destruction,  when,  in  1241,  their  progress  was 
arrested  by  their  signal  defeat  at  Wahlstatt.  After  the 
death  of  Oktai,  in  1243,  all  further  attempts  on  Europe 
ceased ;  but  nearly  half  a  century  longer  the  empire  which 
he  had  established  continued  to  flourish,  and  stretched  from 
the  Chinese  Sea  W.  to  the  frontiers  of  Poland,  and  from 
India  to  the  frontiers  of  Siberia.  At  a  late  period,  under 
Timur  or  Tamerlane,  the  Mongol  Empire,  which  had  been 
gradually  crumbling  to  pieces,  acquired  new  lustre.  But 
the  revival  proved  temporary,  and  at  his  death  a  complete 
disruption  took  place.  The  fragments,  however,  were  so 
large  as  in  some  instances  to  be  sufiicient  to  found  new 

dynasties. Adj.  and  inhab.  Mon'gol  and  Mongolian, 

mon-go'le-an. 

Mongo'Iia,  or  Califor'nia  Corners,  a  post-village 
in  York  co.,  Ontario,  3  miles  from  Stouffville.     Pop.  100. 

Mongo^quinong',  or  Mongo^guiuong',  a  hamlet 
of  La  Grange  co.,  Ind.,  on  Pigeon  River,  8  miles  E.N.E. 
of  La  Grange.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Mongrande,  mon-grin'di,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Pied- 
mont, 7  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ivrea.     Pop.  3704, 

MoDgnagon,  mon-gwi'gon,  a  township  of  Wayne  co., 
Mich,     Pop.  1923.     It  contains  Grosso  Isle. 

Monhe'gan,  or  Manhcigan,  man-hee'g&n,  an  island 
of  Maine,  off  the  coast  of  Hnncook  co.,  with  a  light-house, 
Lat.  43°  46'  52"  N. ;  Ion.  69°  18'  37"  W,     Pop.  145. 

Monheim,  mon'hime,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Swabia, 
35  miles  S.S.E.  of  Anspach.     Pop.  1264, 

Monheim,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  10  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Dusseldorf,  on  the  Rhine.     Pop.  1643, 

Moni,  an  island  near  Java,    Sec  Noel. 

Monica,  mo-ni'kah,  a  post-hamlet  of  Peoria  co..  111.,  in 
Princeville  township,  on  the  Buda  <fc  Rushville  Railroad, 
31  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Buda,  and  about  20  miles  N.W.  of 
Peoria.     Coal  abounds  here. 

Monie,  m^n'e,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co.,  Md., 
about  16  miles  N.  of  Crisfield. 

Mon'ifieth,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Forfar,  on  a 
railway,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Arbroath.     Pop.  919, 

Monistique  (mon-is-teek')  River,  in  the  upper  pen- 
insula  of  Michigan,  is  formed  by  several  branches,  which 
drain  a  large  part  of  Schoolcraft  co,  and  unite  in  the  S. 
part  of  the  same.  It  enters  Lake  Michigan.  The  main 
stream  is  about  12  miles  long.     See  also  Manistee. 

Monistique,  a  village  of  Michigan.    See  ErspoRT. 

Monistroi,  mo'nees'trol',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute- 
Loire,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Le  Puy,  Pop.  2299,  It  has  manu. 
factures  of  blonde,  lace,  paper,  and  hardware, 

Monistroi  de  Monserrat,    mo-nees-trOl'  di  mon« 


MON 


1864 


MON 


l^R-Hlt',  R  town  of  Spain,  Catftlonia,  27  milea  N.W.  of  Bar- 
oolona,  at  the  foot  of  the  mountain  of  Monserrat.    P.  1583. 
MoniteaO)  monVtO',  a  oountjr  in  the  central  part  of 
Missouri,  haa  an  area  of  about  4U0  square  miles.     It  is 
bonndeil  on  the  K.B.  by  the  Missouri  Kiver,  and  is  inter* 
•ectcd  by  Moniteau  and  Moreau  Creeks.    The  surface  is 
undulating;  or  hilly,  and  nearly  half  of  it  is  covered  with 
forests  of  the  ash,  hickory,  sugar-maple,  white  oak,  black 
Walnut,  <to.    The  soil  is  fertile.     Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats, 
onttle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.     Uituminous  coal, 
lead,  and  several  varieties  of  limestone  are  found  in  this 
county.    The  Lower  Silurian  and  carboniferous  limestones 
which  crop  out  here  are  good  materials  for  building.     It  is 
inter«ei'tea  by  the  Missouri  Pnoifio  Railroad,  which  con- 
nects with  California,  the  capital.     Pop.  in  1870,  11,375; 
in  1880,  U,346;  in  1890,  15,630. 
Monitean^  a  township  of  Cooper  oo.,  Mo.     Pop.  1373. 
Moniteau,  a  township  of  Howard  co..  Mo.    Pop.  2317. 
Moniteau,  Moniteau  co..  Mo.    See  Clarksburg. 
Moniteau,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  oo.,  Pa.,  about  12 
miles  N.  of  Butler. 

Moniteau  Creek,  Howard  oo.,  Mo.,  runs  south- 
ward, and  enters  the  Missouri  River  about  10  miles  E.  of 
Boonviile. 

Moniteau  Creek,  Moniteau  oo.,  Missouri,  runs  east- 
ward, and  enters  the  Missouri  River  at  the  N.W.  extremity 
ef  Cole  CO. 
Monitoowoc,  Wisconsin.  See  MAJfirowoc. 
Mon'itor,  a  post-village  of  Alpine  co.,  Cal.,  about  95 
miles  E.  of  Sacramento,  near  the  E.  base  of  the  Sierra  Ne- 
vada.   "It  has  a  newspaper  office.    Silver  is  found  here. 

Monitor,  a  post-haiulet  of  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Middle  Fork  of  Wild  Cat  River,  7  miles  E.  of  Lafayette. 
Tt  has  1  or  2  flour-mills. 

Monitor,  a  post-ofllice  of  McPherson  co.,  Kansas,  20 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Hutchinson. 

Monitor,  a  township  of  Bay  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  554. 
Monitor,  a  post-office  of  Morion  oo.,  Oregon,  about  22 
miles  N.E.  of  Salem. 

Monjos  (or  Monxos),  Los,  looe  mong'Hoce  ("The 
Monks"),  4  small  low  islands  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean, 
extending  nearly  6  miles  from  E.  to  W.  Lat.  0°  67'  S.  ; 
Ion.  145°  41'  E. 

Monj'poor',  a  town  of  Western  Hindostan,  24  miles 
S.E.  of  Radhunpoor. 

Monk-Bret'ton,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  York, 

West  Riding,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Bamsley. 

Monkchester,  England.  See  Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 

Monks,  a  station  in  Passaic  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Montclair 

&  Greenwood  Lake  Railroad,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Greenwood 

Lake  Station. 

Monk's  Corner,  a  post-office  of  Charleston  co.,  S.C., 
on  the  Northeastern  Railroad,  29  miles  N.  of  Charleston. 
Monks'town,  a  post-office  of  Fannin  co.,  Tex. 
Monkton,  munk'tQn,  a  post-village  in  Monkton  town- 
ship, Addison  co.,  Vt.,  about  18  miles  S.  of  Burlington.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  and  the  works  of  the 
Monkton  Kaolin  Company.  Kaolin  is  found  here.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1006.     Its  surface  is  finely  diversified. 

Monk'ton,  a  post-village  in  Perth  co.,  Ontario,  10} 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Mitchell.  It  contains  several  stores  and 
hotels,  and  a  number  of  saw-mills.     Pop.  200. 

Monk'ton  and  Prest'wick,  a  united  parish  of  Scot- 
land, CO.  and  4  miles  N.E.  of  Ayr,  on  the  Glasgow  A  Ayr 
Railway.  The  village  of  Monkton  (pop.  467)  has  a  hand- 
some modern  and  2  very  ancient  churches.  Pop.  of  Prest- 
wick  village,  760. 
Monkton,  Fort,  England.  See  Fort  Blockhouse. 
Monk'ton  Mills,  a  post- village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  23  miles  N.  of  Baltimore. 
It  contains  2  churches.     It  is  on  the  Gunpowder  River. 

Monk'ton  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  in  Monkton  town- 
ship, Addison  co.,  Vt.,  about  18  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Bur- 
lington. 

Monk- Wear'mouth,  a  town  of  England,  now  a  part 
of  Sunderland.     Pop.  16,941. 

Monleon,  m6N°'14'6s»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Hautes- 
Pyr6n6es,  23  miles  N.E.  of  Bagndres-de-Bigorre.    P.  1500. 
Monmcliana,  France.    See  Momellano. 
Monmore,  mon-mor',  the  largest  bog  in  the  co.  of 
Clare,  Ireland,  extending  across  the  great  Clare  peninsula 
from  Dunbeg  Bay  to  the  Shannon.    Area,  9264  acres. 
Monmorenciacum,  the  Latin  for  Montmorency. 
Monmouth,  or  Monmouthshire,  mon'math-shir, 
a  county  of  England,  having  S.  the  Bristol  Channel.  Area, 
676  squaga  miles.    Surface  picturesquely  varied  with  hill 
»nd  vale,  and  finely  wooded ;  bordering  the  Bristol  Channel 


it  is  in  parts  flat ;  W.  of  the  Usk  it  is  comparatively  mnui 
toinous.  Chief  rivers,  the  Wye,  Usk,  Monnow,  and  Ron 
ney.  Coal,  iron,  and  limestone  abound,  and  are  eslon<ivi>l 
wrought.  Canals  and  railways  facilitate  access  to  tl 
mines.  The  Welsh  language  is  in  common  use.  Monmout 
comprises  6  hundreds.  Principal  towns,  Monmouth  Abe 
gavenny,  Newport,  Coerleon,  and  Usk.  The  county  tent 
two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Under  the  U< 
mans  and  Britons  it  formed  a  part  of  the  ancient  Owen 
or  Siluria,  which  the  Saxons  never  succeckvl  in  conciuoi 
ing.  It  was  mode  an  English  county  by  Henry  VIII  K 
county  in  England  is  more  celebrated  fer  beautiful  8c«ner' 
or  for  the  number  of  iU  British,  Roman,  and  modinvi 
remains.     Pop.  in  1881,  211,267;  in  1891,  252,260. 

Monmouth,  a  town  of  England,  capital  of  the  abot 
county,  in  a  beautiful  vale,  at  the  confluence  of  the  nuv 
gable  Wye  and  the  Monnow,  at  a  railway  junction  5 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Gloucester,  17  miles  S.  of  Hereford  an 
115  miles  W.N.AV.  of  London.  It  has  a  parish  ch'urcl 
originally  a  priory,  an  ancient  priory-house,  a  curious  nr 
tique  chapel,  a  grammar-school,  the  ruins  of  a  royal  castl 
erected  before  the  Conquest,  several  banks,  manufacture 
of  bar  iron,  tin  plates,  and  paper,  and  exports  of  bark  an 
timber.  The  borough  joins  with  Usk  and  Newport  i 
sending  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Pop.  547( 
Monmouth,  mon'muth,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  o 
New  Jersey,  has  an  area  of  about  475  square  miles.  It  i 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  Raritan  and  Sandy  Hook  Hays,  an 
on  the  E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  is  drained  by  tli 
Neversink  and  Manasquan  Rivers.  The  surface  is  nciirl 
level.  The  soil  is  partly  sandy,  and  is  generally  fertile 
Indian  corn,  potatoes,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  butter  arc  th 
staple  products.  Marl  is  found  here.  Long  Branch,  th 
fashionable  watering-place,  is  on  the  coast  of  this  count) 
as  are  also  other  places  of  summer  resort,  among  which  ar 
Seabright,  Asbury  Park,  Ocean  Grove,  Spring  Lake,  an 
Sea  Girt.  This  county  is  intersected  by  various  brenche 
of  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  and  of  the  Pennnyl 
vania  Railroad,  and  by  the  Now  York  A  Long  Branch  Rail 
road.  Capital,  Freehold.  Pop.  in  1870,46,195;  in  188( 
55,538;  in  1890,  69,128. 

Monmouth,  a  city  of  Illinois,  and  the  capital  of  War 
ren  oo.,  is  situated  in  Monmouth  township,  and  on  tb 
Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad  where  it  crosse 
the  Rockford,  Rock  Island  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  15  mile 
W.  by  S.  of  Galesburg,  28  miles  E.N.E.  of  Buriington,  lown 
and  47  miles  S.  of  Rock  Island.  It  contains  a  court-hou8« 
3  public  halls,  11  churclies,  3  national  banks,  and  Moninoutl 
College  (United  Presbyterian),  which  was  organized  ii 
1866;  also  a  public  library,  a  commercial  college,  25  gradee 
schools,  and  4  hotels.  Three  weekly  newspapers  are  pub 
lished  here.  Monmouth  has  a  woollen-mill,  a  machine-shop 
3  carriage-shops,  and  3  manufactories  of  ploughs  and  cul 
tivators.  Coal  is  found  in  the  vicinity.  Pop.  in  1890,  5938 
of  the  township,  7081. 

Monmouth,  a  post-village  in  Root  township,  Adami 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  St.  Mary's  River,  and  on  the  Cincinnati,  Rich 
mond  &  Fort  Wayne  Railroad,  20  miles  S.S.E,  of  For 
Wayne.     It  has  3  churches. 

Monmouth,  a  post-village  in  Monmouth  township 
Jackson  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Iowa  Midland  Railroad,  22  milei 
E.  by  S.  of  Anamosa,  and  50  miles  W.N.W.  of  Clinton.  Ii 
has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  wagon-shop,  and  a  grodeiJ 
school.  The  township  is  traversed  by  the  Maquoketa  River 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1597. 

Monmouth,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co.,  Kanws, 
on  the  Memphis,  Kansas  &  Colorado  Railroad,  7  miles  W, 
of  Cherokee,  and  19  miles  E.  of  Parsons.  It  has  a  church.! 
Monmouth,  township,  Shawnee  co.,  Kansas.  P.  1279, 
Monmouth,  a  post-village  in  Monmouth  township,! 
Kennebeck  co..  Me.,  on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  about 
16  miles  N.E.  of  Lewiston,  and  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Augusta. 
It  contains  the  Monmouth  Academy,  2  churches,  and  5 
tanneries.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1362. 

Monmouth,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co.,  Oregon,  12! 
miles  S.W.  of  Salem.  It  has  a  church,  an  institution  calledi 
Christian  College  (organized  in  1866),  and  manufactures  of 
sash,  doors,  and  patent  medicine. 

Monmouth,  a  post-office  of  Rockbridge  co.,  Va.,  8 
miles  from  Lexington. 

Monmouth  Beach,  a  summer  resort  of  Monmouth 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean  and  the  New  Jersey  South- 
ern Railroad,  28  miles  S.  of  New  York  City,  and  3  mile«  Nr 
of  Long  Branch.  It  has  a  church,  Ac. 
Monmouth  Court-House,  N.J.  Sec  Freehold. 
Monmouth  Junction,  a  post-office  of  Middlesex  co., 
N.J.,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Trenton  with  New 


i 


MON 


1865 


MON 


iinswick,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Trenton.     A  branch  railroad 
tends  hence  to  Jamesburg,  and  another  to  Hooky  Hill. 
Monmouthshire,  England.     See  Monmouth. 
Monnaie,  mon^nd,',  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Indre-et- 
ire,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Tours.     Pop.  1550. 
Monnikendanijmon^e-k^n-dira'  (L.  Monachodanum), 
;o\rn  of  the  Netherlands,  province  of  North   Holland, 
ih  a  harbor  on  the  Zuydor  Zee,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Amster- 
rii.    Pop.  27(56. 

Mon'now,  or  Mun'now,  a  river  of  England,  joins 
;  Wye  near  Monmouth. 

Mo'no,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  California,  borders 
Nevada.  It  is  partly  drained  by  Owen's  River,  and  is 
inded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Sierra  Nevada.  The  surface 
diversified  with  high  mountains,  forests  of  pine  and 
uce,  ami  sterile  plains  in  which  fresh  water  is  scarce, 
the  S.W.  border  of  this  county  stands  Mount  Dana, 
,227  feet  high.  It  contains  Mono  Lake,  14  miles  long, 
!  water  of  which  is  alkaline  or  saline  and  intensely 
ter.  The  chief  articles  of  export  are  gold  and  silver, 
ich  are  found  in  quartz  rock  in  the  N.W.  part  of  the 
inty.  The  S.E.  part  is  traversed  by  the  Carson  <fc  Colo- 
lo  Railroad.  Area,  3384  square  miles.  Capital,  Bridge- 
■t.  Pop.  in  1870,  430;  in  18S0,  7499;  in  1890,  2002. 
ttonocacy,  mo-nok'a-s?,  a  station  in  Frederick  oo., 
1.,  on  the  Frederick  &  Pennsylvania  Line  Railroad,  4 
les  N.E.  of  Frederick. 

jMonocacy,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md.,  on 
j)  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Canal,  and  on  the  Potomac  River, 
the  mouth  of  the  Monocacy,  about  16  miles  S.  of  Fred- 
lok.  It  is  surrounded  by  beautiful  scenery.  Pop.  200. 
Monocacy,  a  post-office  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
luylkill  River,  about  11  miles  below  Reading.  Here  is 
iron-furnace. 

Monocacy  Creek,  of  Pennsylvania,  enters  the  Le- 
;h  River  in  Northampton  co. 

'Monocacy  River  rises  in  Adams  co..  Pa.,  by  three 
[inches,  called  Marsh,  Middle,  and  Rock  Creeks.  It  runs 
]ithward  through  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  and  enters  the  Po- 
aao  River  about  5  miles  below  the  Point  of  Rocks,  and  13 
lies  S.  of  Frederick  City.  The  main  stream  is  nearly  60 
les  long. 

Monocacy  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co.,  Pa., 
Amity  township,  on  the  Schuylkill  River,  and  on  the 
iladelphia  &  Reading  Railroad,  lOi  miles  S.E.  of  Read- 
;.  It  has  a  church,  a  furnace,  2  grist-mills,  and  a  semi- 
•y.  Here  is  an  iron  bridge  across  the  river. 
iMonok,  mon^ok',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Zemplin,  20 

Ilea  S.E.  of  Pesth.  Pop.  2812. 
Ho'no  Lake,  California,  is  in  Mono  co.,  near  the  E. 
leof  the  Sierra  Nevada,  and  about  7  miles  N.E.  of  Mount 
na.  It  is  nearly  14  miles  long  and  9  miles  wide.  Tho 
ter  is  strongly  saline  and  alkaline,  and  has  no  outlet.  It 
itains  a  large  proportion  of  common  salt  and  carbonate 
soda,  and  is  destitute  of  animal  life,  except  a  small  fly 
jii  a  white  worm  which  is  tho  larva  of  that  fly.  "  The 
[el  of  the  water,"  says  J.  D.  Whitney,  "  was  once  cer- 
Inly  more  than  600  feet  above  its  present  stage." 
Mono  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Cardwell  co.,  Ontario, 
the  Humber  River,  6  miles  E.  of  Orangcville.  It  con- 
ins  a  tannery,  woollen-  and  grist-mills,  and  several  hotels 
1  stores.     Pop.  500, 

ilonomoezi,  mo-no-mo-i'zee  (perhaps  more  correctly 
)cneinoezi,  mo-fin'yi-mo-i'zce ;  generally  written  by 
Portuguese  of  the  sixteenth  and  seventeenth  centuries 
>nemiige,  mo-ni-moo'zhi,  or  Munhemuge,  moon- 
moo'zhi),  a  former  empire  of  East  Africa,  on  the  W.  side 
•lie  great  lake  called  Nyassa,  or  the  sea.  The  same  name 
'  given  by  early  writers  to  the  sovereign  and  to  the 
ntry,  though  they  state  that  it  belongs  properly  to  the 
ner.  At  the  present  day  Monomoezi  is  no  longer  united 
ler  a  single  ruler,  but  is  divided  into  several  kingdoms ; 
tho  name  is  nearly  forgotten. 

flonomotapa,  mon^-mo-ti'pi,  a  former  empire  of 
it  Africa,  of  great  relative  magnitude  at  the  time  of  its 
iovcry  in  the  beginning  of  tho  sixteenth  century,  when, 
ng  to  the  ignorance  of  the  age,  it  was  described  in  very 
■ggcrated  terms.  It  was  said  to  have  a  circumference  of 
'0  leagues.  The  name  Monomotapa,  or,  more  correctly, 
erle  Motdpa,  signifies  the  empire  or  emperor  of  Motdpa. 
e  empire  appears  to  have  been  coextensive  with  the  dif- 
lon  of  the  Mucaranga  race  S.  of  the  Zambezi ;  it  reached, 
refore,  from  this  river  S.  to  Inhamban,  W.  to  Maniga, 
■  did  not  go  beyond  the  basin  of  the  Zambezi.  On  tho  E. 
extended  to  the  sea  in  Sofala,  but  did  not  embrace  the 
uths  of  the  Zambezi ;  its  N.  boundary,  on  the  sea-shore, 
ng  the  river  Tendacdlo. 
118 


Mo'noii,  a  post-township  of  White  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  969.  It  contains  the  village  of  New  Brad- 
ford.   See  Bradford. 

Mono'na,  a  western  county  of  Iowa,  borders  on  Ne- 
braska. Area,  about  684  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  tho  Missouri  River,  and  intersected  by  the  Little 
Sioux  and  Soldier  Rivers,  and  also  drained  by  the  Maple 
River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with 
prairies  and  woodlands.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Sioux  City  &  Pacific,  Chicago 
&  Northwestern,  Illinois  Central,  and  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
&  St.  Paul  Railroads.  Capital,  Onawa,  Pop.  in  1870,  3654  ; 
in  1875,  5967;  in  1880,  9055;  in  1890,  14,515. 

Monona,  a  post-village  in  Monona  township,  Clayton 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad, 
15  miles  W.  of  McGregor.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  350;   of  the  township,  1412. 

3Iononga-Be,  mo-non'gi-bi,  a  town  of  Madagascar. 
Lat.  22°  S. ;  Ion.  46°  E.  It  consists  of  about  800  houses', 
situated  on  an  afiluent  of  the  Manangara. 

Mo^nongahe'la,  a  borough  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  ia 
on  tho  Monongahola  River.  It  is  one  of  the  suburbs  of 
Pittsburg  called  South  Side  Boroughs.     Pop.  1153. 

Monongahcia,  a  township  of  Greene  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
1424.  It  contains  Greensborough  and  Mapletown,  and  has 
beds  of  bituminous  coal. 

Monongahela,  a  station  in  Marion  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  1  mile  S.  of  Fairmont. 

Monongahela  City,  a  post-borough  of  Washington 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  W,  bank  of  the  Monongahela  River,  and  on 
the  Pittsburg,  Virginia  A  Charleston  Railroad,  30  miles  by 
railroad,  or  18  miles  in  a  direct  lino,  S.  of  Pittsburg.  It 
has  coal-mines  and  manufactures  of  paper  and  lumber,  a, 
high  school,  9  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  2  banks. 
Pop.  in  1870,  1078;  in  1880,  2904;  in  1890,  4096. 

Monongahela  River,  a  branch  of  the  Ohio,  is  formed 
by  the  West  Fork  and  Tygart's  Valley  River,  which  rise  in 
AVest  Virginia  and  unite  in  Marion  co.  of  that  state,  about 
3  miles  above  Fairmont.  It  intersects  Monongalia  co., 
from  which  it  passes  into  Pennsylvania  and  runs  generally 
northward.  It  forms  the  W.  boundary  of  Fayette  co.,  and 
the  E.  boundaries  of  the  cos.  of  Greeno  and  Washington. 
It  unites  with  the  Alleghany  River  at  Pittsburg,  where  it 
is  nearly  400  yards  wide.  It  is  about  150  miles  long,  ex- 
cluding its  branches,  and  is  navigable  from  Fairmont  to  its 
mouth  for  small  boats.  Steamboats  can  ascend  it  from 
Pittsburg  to  Brownsville.  This  river  traverses  a  fertile 
country  in  which  bituminous  coal  abounds  and  is  exposed  on 
its  banks  so  oa  to  be  easily  accessible.  The  AVest  Fork 
rises  near  the  W.  border  of  Upshur  co.,  AV.  Va.,  and  runs 
northward  through  the  cos.  of  Lewis  and  Harrison.  It 
is  about  100  miles  long.     See  Tygart's  Valley  River. 

Mononga'lia,  a  northern  county  of  West  Virginia, 
borders  on  Pennsylvania.  Area,  about  325  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Monongahela  and  Cheat  Rivers. 
The  surface  is  hilly  and  extensively  covered  with  forests. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and 
butter  are  the  staple  products.  Bituminous  coal  is  found 
in  this  county.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad.  Capital,  Morgantown.  Pop.  in  18T0,  13,547 ; 
in  1880,  14,98o;  in  1890,  15,705. 

Monon'omy  Point  Light,  on  the  extreme  southern 
point  of  the  peninsula  of  Cape  Cod,  Massachusetts.  A  nar- 
row channel,  of  sufficient  depth  to  be  navigated  by  small 
craft,  has  been  worn  across  the  neck  by  the  action  of  the 
sea,  separating  it  from  the  mainland.  The  lantern  has  an 
elevation  of  25  feet  above  the  level  of  tho  sea,  and  shows  a 
fixed  light.     Lat.  41°  33'  42"  N. ;  Ion.  70°  AV. 

Mo'no  Pass,  California,  a  pass  of  tho  Sierra  Nevada, 
on  the  S.AV.  border  of  Mono  co.,  near  lat.  38°  N.  Tho 
highest  part  of  the  pass  is  10,765  feet  above  tho  level  of  tho 
sea,  being  the  most  elevated  pass  in  actual  use  within  our 
territory. 

Monopoli,  mo-nop'o-le,  a  town  and  seaport  of  lUvly, 
province  and  27  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bari,  on  the  Adriatic.  It 
is  situated  on  an  eminence,  walled,  and  defended  by  a  castle. 
It  has  2  suburbs,  consisting  of  well-built  houses ;  but  tho 
town  itself  is  indiS"erently  built,  and  tho  houses  are  too  lofty 
for  the  width  of  tho  streets,  which  in  consequence  are  dark 
and  gloomy.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  cathedral  and 
numerous  churches,  2  harbors,  with  great  depth  of  water, 
but  imperfectly  sheltered,  and  a  trade  in  woollen  and  cotton 
cloth  (both  extensively  manufactured  in  the  town),  wine, 
and  olives.     Pop.  20,684. 

Monoquet,  mon-o-ket',  a  village  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind., 
on  tho  Tippecanoe  River,  and  on  the  Cincinnati,  AV abash  & 


HON 


1866 


MON 


Michigan  Railroad,  4  mllea  N.  of  Warsaw.  It  has  2 
AhurohM,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  woollon-mill.    Pop.  92. 

Monor»  mo'non',  a  town  of  Uungary,  oo.  and  20  mileB 
S.E.  of  PMth.     Pop.  6462. 

Monostor,  ino'no«'t9R',  a  village  of  Hungary,  27  miles 
6.B.  of  FUnfktrohen. 

Monostor,  a  village  of  Hungary,  oo.  of  Pesth,  on  an 
iitliind  of  the  Danube. 

Monostor,  a  village  of  Hungary,  oo.  of  Temesvar. 
Pop.  1440. 

Mono8tor8zeg«  mo^nos^ton^sig',  a  town  of  Hungary, 
on  the  loft  bank  of  tbo  Danube,  with  which  a  navigable 
canal  here  oummunioatos,  41  miles  S.E.  of  Fiinfkirchen. 
I'on.  5135. 

Monot'ony*  a  station  in  Wallace  oo.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Kansas  Paciflo  Ituilroad. 

Monovar,  mo-no-vaR',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
28  miles  N.W.  of  Alicante,  on  the  Elda,  defended  by  a 
castle.     Pop.  6544. 

Mo'noville)  a  mining-camp  of  Mono  oo.,  Cal.,  25  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Aurora,  Nev.    Gold  is  found  here. 

Monpazicr,  m6N»'p&*ze-i',  a  town  of  France,  in  Dor- 
dogne,  24  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bergerao.     Pop.  1025. 

Monpeyronx-de-Bosquet.    See  Montpetroux. 

Alonpont,  m6N»*p6N"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Dordogne, 
on  the  Isle,  19  miles  S.S.W.  of  Riberac.     Pop.  1697. 

Alonreal  del  Campo,  mon-rd,'&I  ddl  k&m'po,  a  town 
of  Spain,  Aragon,  34  miles  N.N.W.  of  Teruel.     Pop.  1687. 

Monreale,  mon-r&-&'i^,  or  Montrealc,  mont-r&-i'li, 
a  town  of  Sicily,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Palermo,  with  which  it 
communicates  by  a  noble  road.  Pop.  16,211.  It  stands  on 
a  steep  hill,  and  has  a  cathedral,  one  of  the  finest  in  the 
world,  and  an  export  trade  in  corn,  oil,  and  fruit,  raised  in 
its  vicinity.  It  was  founded  in  the  beginning  of  the  twelfth 
century  by  the  Norman  prince  William  the  Good,  who  also 
founded  its  magnificent  cathedral  and  the  Benedictine  con- 
vent, which  possesses  an  excellent  library.  Monreale  is  the 
see  of  an  archbishop,  and  has  a  college.  Outside  the  town, 
picturesquely  situated  among  steep  rocks,  is  a  royal  sum- 
»aer  residence. 

Monroe,  mttn-ro',  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Alabama, 
lias  an  area  of  about  990  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
and  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Alabama  River,  which  runs 
in  a  S.W.  direction,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Limestone 
Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  a 
large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other 
trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Monroeville,  Pop. 
in  1870,  14,214;  in  1880,  17,091;  in  1890,  18,990. 

Monroe,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Arkansas,  has  an 
area  of  about  696  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  White 
River  (which  also  forms  the  S.W.  boundary),  and  is  drained 
by  the  Cache  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is 
extensively  covered  with  forests  of  white  oak,  hickory,  sas- 
safras, cypress,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton, 
maize,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Arkansas  Midland  Railroad,  the  St.  Louis  South- 
western Railroad,  the  Brinkley,  Helena  <fe  Indian  Bay  Rail- 
road, the  Little  Rock  A  Memphis  Railroad,  and  the  White 
A  Black  River  Valley  Railroad.  Capital,  Clarendon.  Pop. 
in  1870,  8336;  in  1880,  9574;  in  1890,  15,3.^6. 

Monroe,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Florida,  has  an  area 
of  692  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  on  the  N.E.  by  Lake  Okcchobee.  The 
surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  mostly  occupied  by  swamps, 
lakes,  forests,  and  everglades.  The  soil  produces  pasture 
for  large  numbers  of  cattle.  This  county  comprises  many 
small  coral  islands,  called  "keys."  Capital,  Kev  West. 
Pop.  in  1870,  5657;  in  1880,  10,940;  in  1890,  18,786. 

Monroe,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  490  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.E.  by  the  Ocmulgee  River,  and  is  drained  by 
Echeconnee,  Tobesofka,  and  Towaliga  Creeks.  The  surface 
is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  for- 
ests. The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  minerals  are 
granite  and  iron  ore.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Central  Railroad  of  Georgia.  Capital,  Forsyth.  Pop.  in 
1870,  17,213;  in  1880,  18,808;  in  1890,  19,137. 

Monroe,  a  southwestern  county  of  Illinois,  borders  on 
Missouri.  Area,  about  380  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  and  S.W.  by  the  Mississippi  River.  The  surface  is 
partly  hilly  and  partly  level,  and  a  large  portion  of  it  is 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian 
corn,  oats,  and  pork  are  staples.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Mobile  A  Ohio  Railroad.  Capital,  Waterloo.  Pop. 
•  in  1870,  12,982;  in  1880,  13,682;  in  1890,  12,948. 


Monroe,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Indium 
has  an  area  of  about  430  square  miles.     It  u  intorsectvd  b 
bean  Blossom  and  Salt  Creeks.    The  East  Fork  of  Whii 
River  touches  its  N.W.  corner.     The  surface  is  hilly  , 
duloting,  and  nearly  one-third  of  it  is  covered  wiiii  : 
of  good  timber.    The  soil  is  fertile.     Indian  corn,  ^^ 
oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.     This  county  id  ii 
tersected  by  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  A  CliicagoRailron 
which  connects  with  Bloomington,  the  capital.     Pun   ' 
1870,  14,168;  in  1880,  15,876;  in  1890,  17,673. 

Monroe,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Iowa,  hai  an  ar< 
of  432  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Cedar  and  8(ii 
Creeks,  aflluents  of  the  Des  Moines  River,  which  touch 
the  N.E.  extremity  of  this  county.  The  surface  is  u 
dulating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  woodlnnc 
The  soil  is  fertile,  and  is  partly  based  on  limestone.  Indii 
corn,  wheat,  onts,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prodiio 
Mines  of  bituminous  coal  have  been  opened  in  this  count 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Burlington  A  Quincy  lla 
road,  the  Iowa  Central  Railroad,  the  Chicago,  Milwauk 
A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  and  the  Wabash  Railroad,  three 
which  centre  at  Albia,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,72 
in  1880,  13,719;  in  1890,  l.%666. 

Monroe,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Kentucky,  bord( 
on  Tennessee.  Area,  about  272  square  miles.  It  li  iriti 
sected  in  the  extreme  southeastern  part  by  the  Cumberia 
River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Big  Barren  River,  whi 
rises  in  its  northwestern  part,  intersects  Warren  co.,  a 
there  enters  into  Green  River.  The  surface  is  undulatii 
and  about  half  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  tobacco,  and  pork  are  the  ttn] 
products.  Good  limestone  underlies  part  of  this  coun 
Capital,  Tompkinsville,  situated  near  the  centre  of  t 
county.  Pop.  in  1870,  9231;  in  1880,  10,741;  In  181 
10,989. 

Monroe,  a  southeastern  county  of  Michigan,  border! 
on  Ohio,  has  an  area  of  about  530  square  miles.  It 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  Lake  Erie,  and  on  the  N.E.  by  Hut 
River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Raisin  River  and  Stc 
Creek.  The  surface  is  partly  level,  and  is  diversified  w  , 
dense  forests,  undulating  prairies,  and  open  groves  of  c; 
and  hickory.  Among  the  other  forest  trees  are  the  ash  a , 
sugar-maple.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  h 
butter,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  li 
beds  of  limestone  (Upper  Silurian),  a  good  material  ■ 
building.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Lake  Shore  A  Micliijji 
Southern  Railroad,  the  Flint  A  Pere  Marquette  Raiiro , 
the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  the  Cincinnati,  Jacksot; 
Mackinac  Railroad,  and  the  Toledo,  Ann  Arbor  A  No  i 
Michigan  Railroad.  Capital,  Monroe.  Pop.  in  1870, 27,4( ; 
in  1880,  33,624;  in  1890,  32,337. 

Monroe,  a  northeastern  county  of  Mississippi,  bord  i 
on  Alabama.  Area,  about  770  square  miles.  It  is  int  • 
sected  by  the  Tombigbee  and  Buttahatchee  Rivers.  1 1 
surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  for(  I 
of  the  beech,  cypress,  elm,  hickory,  magnolia,  oak,  tnl- 
tree,  Ac.  The  soil  is  a  fertile  loam.  Cotton,  Indian  eo, 
cattle,  pork,  and  sweet  potatoes  are  the  staple  prodac, 
Cretaceous  strata  underlie  the  soil.  This  county  is  tr- 
ersed  by  the  Mobile  A  Ohio  Railroad,  the  Illinois  CentI 
Railroad,  and  the  Kansas  City,  Memphis  A  Birminghi 
Iliiilroad,  which  centre  at  Aberdeen,  the  capital.  Pop,  i 
1870,  22,631 ;  in  1880,  28,563  ;  in  1890,  30,730. 

Monroe,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Missouri,  has  i 
area  of  about  644  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  £t 
River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Middle  and  South  Forks 
thiit  river,  and  by  a  creek  called  Long  Branch.  The  «• 
face  is  undulating,  and  a  largo  part  of  it  is  covered  wi 
forests  of  the  ash,  elm,  hickory,  white  oak,  sugar-mai, 
Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  il 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  Among  the  minerals  of  tJ 
county  are  coal  and  carboniferous  limestone.  It  is  traverl 
by  the  Missouri,  Kansas  A  Texas  Railroad,  which  conn« 
with  Paris,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  17,149;  in  18, 
19,071;  in  1890,  20,790. 

Monroe,  a  western  county  of  New  York,  has  an  ai 
of  721  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Li' 
Ontario,  is  intersected  by  the  Genesee  River,  which  nl 
northward  and  enters  that  lake  7  miles  north  of  Roches  , 
and  is  also  drained  by  Irondequoit,  lloneoye,  and  otjr 
creeks.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  or  gently  undolatij. 
The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Oats,  hay,  butter,  potatoes,  appj, 
and  wool  are  among  its  staple  products,  while  in  theprod- 
tion  of  wheat  and  Indian  corn  it  has  ranked  forenrt 
among  the  counties  of  the  state.  Niagara  (Silun ) 
limestone,  a  good  material  for  building,  crops  out  m  il» 
county,  which  has  also  deposits  of  gypsum,  water-Ufc 


MON 


1867 


MON 


id  Medina  sandstone.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Erie  Canal, 
IT  several  branches  of  the  New  York  Central  &  Hudson 
jiver  Railroad,  and  by  a  number  of  other  lines,  nearly  all 
'■  which  centre  at  Rochester,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
'l7,8(!8;  in  1875,  134,534;  in  1880,  144,903  j  in  1890, 
<9,b86. 

Monroe,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Ohio,  borders  on 
'est  Virginia.  Area,  about  468  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
1  the  E.  and  S.E.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  is  also  drained 
,•  the  Little  Muskingum  River  and  Sunfish  Creek.  The 
irface  is  hilly,  and  one-third  of  it  is  covered  with  forests 
■  hard  timber.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  tobacco, 
heat,  oats,  hay,  butter,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products, 
ituiuinous  coal  is  found  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected 
,  the  Bellaire,  Zanesville  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  which 
iinects  with  Woodsfield,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  25,779  ; 
i  1880,26,496;  in  1890,  25,175. 

Monroe,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Pennsylvania,  has 
1  aiea  of  about  625  square  miles.  It  is  partly  bounded 
1  the  S.E.  by  the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the  N.W.  by  the 
ehigh  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Brodhead's,  Bushkill, 
ul  Tobyhanna  Creeks.  The  Kittatinny  or  Blue  Mountain 
itciids  along  the  S.E.  border  of  this  county,  which  pre- 
nts  beautiful  scenery  at  the  Delaware  Water  Gap,  a  fash- 
niible  summer  resort.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  high 
ills  and  fertile  valleys,  and  forests  of  the  oak,  pine,  chcst- 
it,  hickory,  and  other  trees.  Indian  corn,  oats,  lumber, 
id  hay  are  the  staple  products.  Limestone  underlies  part 
'  the  soil.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Delaware, 
ackawanna  &  Western  Railroad  and  the  New  York,  Sus- 
lohanna  &  Western  Railroad.  Capital,  Stroudsburg.  Pop. 
1  1870,  18,362;  in  1880,  20,175;  in  1890,  20,111. 
f  Monroe,  a  county  of  East  Tennessee,  borders  on  North 
krolina.  Area,  about  580  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
;io  N.E.  by  the  Little  Tennessee  River,  and  on  the  S.E.  by 
e  Unaka  or  Smoky  Mountain,  and  is  intersected  by  the 
lllco  River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  is  mostly  covered 
ith  forests.  The  soilis  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
ts,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
iversed  by  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Rail- 
ad  and  Marietta  &  North  Georgia  Railroad.  Capital, 
idisonville.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,589;  in  1880,  14,283;  in 
I'O,  15,329. 

Monroe,  the  most  southeastern  county  of  West  Vir- 
uia,  borders  on  Virginia.  Area,  about  460  square  miles. 
i  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Kanawha  or  New  River, 
id  is  partly  drained  by  the  Greenbrier  River.  The  sur- 
ce  is  mountainous,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests,  in 
bich  the  sugar-maple  abounds.  This  county  comprises  a 
irt  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
ts,  hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Several 
incral  springs  are  found  in  it.  Capital,  Union.  Pop.  in 
70,  11,124;  in  1880,  11,501  ;  in  1890,  12,429. 
Monroe,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  AVisconsin,  has  an 
ea  of  900  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Lemonweir, 
ickapoo,  and  La  Crosse  Rivers,  which  rise  in  it.  Black 
ver  touches  the  N.W.  corner  of  this  county.  The  surface 
undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the 
k,  pine,  sugar-maple,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile, 
heat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  hops,  cattle,  and  pine  lum- 
r  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
e  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  &  Omaha  Railroad,  the 
licago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  and  the  Chicago 
Northwestern  Railroad,  the  latter  two  of  which  passes 
rough  Sparta,  the  cnpitaL  Pop.  in  1870,  16,550 ;  in  1875, 
I5O26;  in  1880,  21,607;  in  1890,  23,211. 
JMonroc,  a  township  of  Colusa  co.,  Cal.  Pop.  1130. 
[Monroe,  a  post-village  in  Monroe  township,  Fairfield 
|,  Conn.,  about  10  miles  N.  of  Bridgeport.  It  has  2 
lurches.  The  township  is  intersected  by  the  Ilousatonic 
dlroad,  contains  Stepney  Depot,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1226. 
Monroe,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Walton  co.,  Ga., 
9ut  48  miles  E.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  2  churches,  a  court- 
use,  and  a  seminary.  Pop.  in  1890,  983. 
Monroe,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  111.  Pop.  630. 
Monroe,  a  township  of  Hardin  co.,  Ill,  Pop.  1468.  It 
itains  Spark's  IliU. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Ogle  co.,  III.  Pop.  923.  It 
itains  Monroe  Centre. 

Monroe,  a  post-township  of  Adams  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
ncinnati,  Richmond  <fc  Port  Wayne  Railroad.     Pop.  960. 
mroo  Post-Office  is  6  miles  S.  of  Decatur. 
Monroe,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1479. 
'Monroe,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  910, 
Monroe,  a  township  of  Clarke  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1863. 
Monroe,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1247. 
contains  MeCowan, 


Monroe,  a  township  of  Grant  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1047. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Howard  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  891. 
It  contains  Now  London, 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1760. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  990. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  2221. 
It  contains  Alexandria. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Morgan  co,,  Ind,  Pop,  1467. 
It  contains  Monrovia, 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1820. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1418. 
It  contains  Winamac. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1608. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind,  Pop.  1062. 
It  contains  Farmland  and  Morristown. 

Monroe,  township,  Washington  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1058. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  752. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  692. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Fremont  co.,  Iowa.   Pop.  1026. 

Monroe,  a  post-village  in  Fairview  township,  Jasper 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Keokuk  &  Des  Moines  Railroad,  33  miles 
E.  by  S.  of  Des  Moines,  and  14  miles  N.W.  of  Pella.  It 
is  also  connected  with  Newton  (17  miles  N.)  by  the  Jasper 
County  Railroad.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded 
school,  6  churches,  a  bank,  and  manufactures  of  flour, 
farming-implements,  and  furniture.     Pop.  in  1890,  952. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  889, 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1150. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  019. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1279. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  774. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Ringgold  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  383, 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  660. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  640. 

Monroe,  township,  Anderson  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  628. 

Monroe,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Kansas,  about  25 
miles  AV.N.W.  of  Salina. 

Monroe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hart  co.,  Ky.,  12  miles  S.E. 
of  Rowlett's  Depot.     It  has  a  church. 

Monroe,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ouachita  parish,  La., 
on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Ou.achita  River,  and  on  the  North 
Louisiana  <t  Texas  Railroad,  74  miles  W.  of  Vicksburg, 
Miss.,  and  about  100  miles  |E.  of  Shreveport.  It  has  a  court- 
house, 1  or  2  newspaper  offices,  a  United  States  land-office, 
a  Catholic  academy,  and  7  churches.  The  machine-shops 
of  the  railroad  are  located  here.  About  20,000  bales  of 
cotton  are  annually  shipped  at  Monroe.  Large  steamboats 
navigate  the  river  from  this  place  to  its  mouth  nearly  nine 
months  in  the  year,  and  the  river  is  also  navigable  above 
Monroe  during  high  water.     Pop.  in  1890,  3256. 

Monroe,  a  post-vill.age  in  Monroe  township,  Waldo  co., 
Me.,  about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Bangor,  and  7  miles  N.E.  of 
Brooks  Station  .on  the  Belfast  Branch  of  the  Maine  Cen- 
tral Railroad.  It  has  a  church  and  2  saw-mills.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1375. 

Monroe,  a  small  post-township  of  Franklin  co.,  Masv., 
9  miles  E.N.E.  of  North  Adams,  is  drained  by  the  Deerfield 
River.     It  has  several  saw-mills.     Pop.  190. 

Monroe,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  is 
situated  on  the  Raisin  River,  2  miles  from  its  entrance  into 
Lake  Erie,  35  miles  S.S.W.  of  Detroit,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Toledo,  and  31  miles  E.  of  Adrian.  It  is  connected  with 
the  lake  by  a  ship-canal,  is  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michi- 
gan Southern  Railroad,  and  is  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Flint 
&  Pere  Marquette  Railroad.  The  Toledo,  Canada  Southern 
<fc  Detroit  Railroad  connects  it  with  Detroit  and  Toledo.  It 
contains  a  stone  court-house,  several  handsome  residences, 
1  or  2  national  banks,  2  private  banks,  2  newspaper  offices, 
a  young  ladies'  collegiate  institute,  9  churches,  5  flouring- 
mills,  2  foundries,  2  tanneries,  a  woollen-mill,  a  brewery,  a 
stave-factory,  2  large  nurseries,  and  manufactories  of  sash 
and  blinds,  lumber,  tobacco,  and  wine.     Pop.  (1890)  5258. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Newaygo  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  168. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Lyon  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  181. 

3Ionroe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Martin  co.,  Minn.,  in  Galena 
township,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Fairmont. 

Monroe,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co..  Miss. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Daviess  co..  Mo.     Pop.  729. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Lincoln  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  2616. 
It  contains  Cap  au  Gris. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Livingston  co..  Mo.     Pop.  716. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Monroe  co..  Mo.  Pop.  880.  It 
contains  Monroe  City.    See  MosuoB  City. 

Monroe,  a  post-office  of  Platte  co..  Neb.,  on  the  Loup 
Fork  of  the  Platte  River,  14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Columbus. 

Monroe,  a  post-village  in  Monroe  township,  Grafton 
CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  about  17  miles  N.  of 


MON 


18G8 


MON 


Harerhill,  knd  1  mile  B.  of  the  Passumnsio  Railroad.  It 
has  a  ohurob,  and  manufactures  of  lumbor  and  sash  and 
blioda.     Pop.  of  tlio  townsliin,  532. 

Moaroe,  a  township  of  Cauidon  oo.,  N^J.  Pop.  1663. 
It  contains  Williaiustown. 

Alonroct  a  township  of  Middlesex  oo.,  N.J.  Pop.  8253. 
It  contains  Jamosburg,  Prospoot  Plain,  Jus, 

NonroCf  a  poat-bamlot  in  Sparta  township,  Sussex  co., 
K.J.,  on  the  Sussex  Railroad,  near  Sparta  Station,  8  miles 
K.H.  of  Newton.  It  has  a  church,  2  grist-mills,  and  a 
'»room-factory, 

Alonroe,  a  post-village  of  Orange  oo.,  N.Y.,  in  Monroo 
township,  on  the  Erio  Railroad,  50  miles  N.N.W.  of  New 
York  City,  and  10  miles  S.B.  of  Goshen.  It  has  3  churches 
and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  about  600.  The  township  comprises 
part  of  the  Highlands  of  the  Hudson,  and  sovonil  lakes.  It 
contains  villages  namod  Turner's  and  Greenwood  Iron- 
Works,  and  has  a  pop.  of  4957. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Guilford  oo.,  N.C.    Pop.  840. 

Monroe,  a  post-villago,  capital  of  Union  oo.,  N'.C,  in 
Monroe  township,  on  the  Carolina  Central  Railroad,  22 
miles  S.E.  of  Charlotte,  and  140  miles  W.S.W.  of  Raleigh. 
It  contains  4  churches,  a  college,  and  a  newspaper  office,  and 
has  manufactures  of  carriages,  cigars,  &o.  Pop.  in  1890, 
ISrtfi  :  of  the  township,  4876. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Adams  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1304.  It 
Aontnins  Wrightsville. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  0.    Pop.  1739. 

Monroe^  a  township  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0.,  about  65 
miles  E.N.B.  of  Cleveland.  Pop.  1419.  It  contains  ham- 
lets niunod  Kelloggsville,  Monroe  Centre^  and  Clark's 
Corners. 

Monroo,  a  post-village  in  Lemon  township,  Butlor  oo., 
0.,  25  Tjilcs  N.  by  E.  of  Cincinnati,  and  9  miles  W.  of  Leb- 
anon. It  has  a  graded  school  and  4  churches.  Pop.  324. 
Monroe  Railroad  Station,  which  is  li  miles  distant,  is  on 
the  Cleveland,  Columbus  &  Cincinnati  Railrcad. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  0.     Pop.  931. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Clermont  co.,  0.  Pop.  2088. 
It  contains  Laurel  and  Point  Pleasant. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.     Pop.  832. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Darke  co.,  0.     Pop.  1226. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Guernsey  co.,  0.  Pop.  1018. 
It  contains  Birmingham. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  0.     Pop.  1012. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  0.     Pop.  658. 

Monroe,  Highland  co.,  0.    See  East  Monroe. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Holmes  co.,  0.     Pop.  921. 

Monroe,  Jackson  co.,  0.     See  Monroe  Furnace. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  0.     Pop.  1087. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Licking  co.,  0.  Pop.  1119.  It 
contains  Johnson. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Logan  co.,  0.  .  Pop.  1372. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  0.     Pop.  463. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  0.  Pop.  2704.  It 
contains  Tippecanoe  City. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.  Pop.  376. 
It  contains  Otsego. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Perry  co.,  0.     Pop.  1120. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Pickaway  co.,  0.     Pop.  1870. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Preble  co.,  0,    Pop.  1631. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  0.     Pop.  451. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Richland  co.,  0.  Pop.  1572. 
It  contains  Lucas. 

Monroe,  a  post-village  of  Benton  co.,  Oregon,  on  or 
near  the  Willamette  River,  9  miles  N.  of  Junction  City. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Bedford  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1719. 

Monroe,  or  Monroeton,  a  post-borough  in  Monroo 
township,  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  on  Towanda  Creek,  and  on  the 
Barclay  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Sullivan  &  Erio 
Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Towanda.  It  has  2  churches  and 
•  foundry.     Pop.  in  1890,  496 ;  of  the  township,  1596. 

Monroe,  a  village  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Delaware 
River,  about  10  miles  S.  of  Easton. 

Monroe,  a  station  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Western 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  (Butler  Extension),  5  miles  N.W. 
of  Freeport. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Clarion  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1334.  It 
contains  Curllsvillo.     See  also  Monroeville. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Cumberland  co..  Pa.   Pop.  1832. 

Monroe,  a  village  of  Fayette  co..  Pa.,  2  miles  from 
Uniontown,  and  about  45  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Pittsburg.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Monroe,  a  tOTvnship  of  Juniata  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1078. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Snyder  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1124. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Wyoming  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  974. 


Monroo,  a  post-village  of  Wyoming  co..  Pa..  In  Monn 
township,  12  miles  S.  of  Tunkhannock,  and  about  20  mill 
W.  of  Scranton.  It  has  2  churches,  an  acudcmy,  3  itoro 
a  flouring-inill,  and  2  lumber-mills.  Hero  is  Bowiuun 
Crock  Pust-Offlco. 

Monroe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Overton  oo.,  Tenn..  tboat  9 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Nashville. 

Monroe,  a  poet-hamlet  of  Rusk  co.,  Texas,  12  mllei  J 
of  Longvicw.     It  has  a  church. 

Monroe,  a  post-village  of  Sevier  co.,  Utah,  on  Serij 
River,  about  100  miles  S.  of  York.     It  has  a  church. 

Monroe,  a  township  of  Adams  co..  Wis.     Pop.  469. 

Monroe,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Green  oo.,  \V1«.,  i 
Monroo  townshii),  34  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Janosville,  and  abut 
40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Madison.  It  is  the  \V.  torininus  of 
branch  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Kailrond.  1 
contains  a  court-house,  10  churches,  a  high  school,  a  nationi 
bank,  and  2  steam  mills,  and  has  manufactures  of  broom 
cheese,  wagons,  Ac.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  publinlie 
hero.     Pop.  in  1890,  3768;  of  the  town.^liip,  aildilii.nal,  lliii 

Monroe  Centre,  a  poet-hamlet  of  Ogle  oo.,  111.,  nboi 
13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rockford,  with  a  station  on  the  Clilcrtg 
A  Pacific  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Davis  Junction.  I'ui 
about  100.  ' 

Monroe  Centre,  a  post-office  in  Monroe  towndhlj 
Waldo  CO.,  Me.,  14  miles  N.  of  Belfast.     It  has  a  church. 

Monroe  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grand  Traverse  oo 
Mich.,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Traverse  City.     It  has  2  saw-mill 

Monroe  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Monroo  town«bi| 
Ashtabula  co.,  0.,  about  28  miles  N.W.  of  Meadvlllc,  Pi 
It  has  2  churches,  a  town  hall,  and  a  cheese- factory. 

Monroe  City,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co..  111.,  aboi 
28  miles  S.W.  of  Belleville.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Monroe  City,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  Ind.,  abot 

11  miles  S.E.  of  Vincenncs.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  neiri 
paper  office.  Pop.  about  300.  The  name  of  its  poet-offic 
is  Lovely  Dale. 

Monroe  City,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co..  Mo.,  ia  o 
a  fertile  prairie,  on  the  Hannibal  A  St.  Jo!<cph  Ruilroud  an 
the  Missouri,  Kansas  A  Texas  Railroad,  22  miles  \i.  by  S 
of  Hannibal,  and  48  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mobcrly.  It  contiui 
a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  the  Monroe  Institate  (for  bot 
sexes),  4  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  planing-mill,  and  mnnii 
factures  of  furniture  and  farming-implements.     Pop.  900. 

Alonroe  Draft,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greenbrier  co.,  VI 
Ya.,  3i  miles  E.  of  Ronceverte.     It  has  2  churches  and 
chair-factory. 

Monroe  Fur'nace,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  oo.,  0.,  o 
the  Portsmouth  division  of  the  Marietta  A  Cincinnati  Kail 
road,  26  miles  N.B.  of  Portsmouth. 

Monroe  Mills,  a  post-oflice  of  Monroe  co.,  Ind. 

Monroe  Mills,  apost-haiulct  of  Knox  co.,  0.,  in  Men 
roe  township,  2^  miles  from  Howard  Railroad  Station.  I 
has  a  church. 

Monroeton,  miin-ro't^n,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rocking 
ham  CO.,  N.C,  about  85  miles  W.N.W.  of  Raleigh. 

Monroeton,  Bradford  co..  Pa.     See  Mo.nrob. 

Monroeville,  miin-ro'vil,  a  post-village,  capital  ol 
Monroe  co.,  Ala.,  about  85  miles  N.N.E.  of  Mobile.  It  ha 
a  newspaper  office,  3  churches,  and  the  Monroe  Institute. 

Monroeville,  a  post-village  in  Monroo  township,  Allei 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago  Rail 
road,  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Fort  AVayne.  It  has  a  bank,  i 
graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  5  churches,  and  a  tile 
factory.     Pop.  630. 

Monroeville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Salem  co.,  N.J.,  on  thi 
West  Jersey  Railroad,  24  miles  S.  of  Camden.  It  bos  : 
church. 

Monroeville,  a  post-village  in  Ridgcfield  township 
Huron  co.,  0.,  on  the  Huron  River,  and  on  the  Lake  Shon 
A  Michigan  Southern  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Laki 
Erie  division  of  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  15  milei 
S.  of  Sandusky,  and  4  miles  W.  of  Norwalk.  It  contain! 
a  bank,  6  churches,  a  union  school,  a  newspaper  oflico,  « 
woollen-factory,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  distillery.     Pop.  1344. 

Monroeville,  a  hamlet  in  Brush  Creek  township,  Jcfj 
ferson  co.,  0.,  2  miles  S.  of  Salineville.  It  has  a  churcli 
and  a  tannery.     Here  is  Croxton  Post-Offico.     Pop.  82.      ] 

Monroeville,  a  post-oSice  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  about 

12  miles  E.  of  PitUburg. 

Monroeville,  a  post-villago  in  Beaver  township.  Clar- 
ion CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Emlenton  A  Shippenvillo  Railroail,  J 
miles  E.  of  Emlenton.  It  has  numerous  oil-wells  and  several 
business  houses.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Monroe.  ^  i 

Monroe  Works,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.A.i 
on  the  Erie  Railroad,  at  Southfield  Station,  42  miles  N.N.W : 
of  New  York.     It  has  a  church,  a  furnace  for  pig-iron,  *« 


MON 


1869 


MON 


fonrovia,  mfln-ro've-a,  a  town  of  Africa,  capital  of 
1  eria  on  the  Atlsntic,  at'  the  mouth  of  the  river  Mesu- 
L.  Lat.  6°  18'  N.;  Ion.  10°  48'  W.  It  has  4  churches, 
j.  is  tho  seat  of  Liberia  College.     Pop.  1000. 

lonrovia,  mun-ro've-a,  post-office,  Madison  co.,  Ala. 

lonrovia,  a  post-village  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind.,  about 
J  miles  W.S.W.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
f  r-mill,  and  mineral  springs.     Pop.  348. 

lonrovia,  a  post-village  in  Centre  township,  Atchison 
e  Kansas,  on  the  Central  Branch  of  the  Union  Pacific 
1  Iroad,  15  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Atchison.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  ae  school-house,  and  a  nursery.     Pop.  about  100. 

lonroria,  a  post-village  of  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  on  the 

I  timore  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  30  miles  W.  of  Baltimore.    It 

II  2  churches  and  a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  about  150. 
Ions,  mftNss  (Flemish,  Bergen,  b6ii'H?n  ;  anc.  Mon'tes 
■io'm«),  a  town  of  Belgium,  capital  of  the  province  of 
naut,  27  miles  E.S.E.  of  Tournay,  at  a  railway  junc- 

It  has  five  gates,  and  is  commanded    by  a  castle, 
jateau-Lieu,"  but  its  strong  forts  have  been  dismantled. 
%  town  has  a  flourishing  appearance;  its  principal  streets 
wide  and  straight,  though  occasionally  somewhat  steep, 
some  of  its  8  squares  are  spacious  and  lined  with  hand- 
s.ie  houses  and  public  buildings.     It  has  5  churches,  those 
t  Wardru  and  St.  Elizabeth  being  beautiful  structures, 
)thio  town  hall,  civil  and  military  hospitals,  court-house, 
nal,  theatre,  a  school  of  arts,  academy  of  music,  min- 
Dgical,  architectural,  and  horticultural  societies,  medi- 
icininary,  orphan  asylum,  a  deaf  and  dumb  institution, 
itic  asylums,  a  college,  and  numerous  public  and  private 
ols.    Its  manufactures  consist  of  linen,  woollen,  and 
Dn  fabrics,  fire-arms,  cutlery,  musical  instruments,  and 
kf;  it  has  also  copper-,  lead-,  and  pewter-foundries,  brew- 
!,  and  bleach-fields,  and  an  active  trade  in  timber,  coal, 
b  iing-stone,  and  grain,  the  transfer  of  which  is  facilitated 
b  anals.    In  1425  Jean  IV.,  Duke  of  Brabant,  aided  by 
P  ip  the  Good,  Duke  of  Burgundy,  besieged  and  took  the 
'  1.     It  afterwards   sustained   several   sieges,  and  was 
nately  in  tho  hands  of  the  Austrians,  Spaniards,  and 
ich  till,  in  1794,  it  fell  to  the  latter,  and  was  retained 
lem  till  1814.     Pop.  24,638.     This  district  of  country 
lied  the  Borisage,  and  the  miners  are  called  Bohains. 
ons,  m6sss,  a  village  of  France,  in  Var,  19  miles 
.  of  Draguignan.     Near  it  is  a  magnificent  grotto. 
ons  Adhemari,  France.     See  Momtelimar, 
ons  Albanus,  the  ancient  name  of  Montaudan. 
ons  Albus,  the  Latin  name  of  Mont  Blanc. 
onsanto,  mon-sin'to,  a  fortified  town  of  Portugal, 
jira,  43  miles  S.E.  of  Guarda.     Pop.  1749. 
ousaras,  a  town  of  Portugal.    See  M0N9ARAS. 
ons  Aureus,  the  Latin  name  of  Montoik. 
ons  Barras,  the  Latin  name  of  Montbard. 
ons  Basonis,  the  Latin  name  of  Montbazox. 
ons  Cadmus,  the  ancient  name  of  Baba  Dagh. 
ons  Caunus,  a  mountain  of  Spain.    See  Moncayo. 
9n8  Desiderii,  the  Latin  name  of  Montdidier. 
9n8  Draconis,  the  Latin  name  of  Montdragon. 
onsefu,  mon-s4-foo',  a  town  of  Peru,  province  of 
!1  ayo.    It  has  manufactures  of  straw  hats,  cigar-boxes, 
"  sr  boilers,  and  sugar-machinery.     Pop.  5000. 
insegur,  m6s<'^s4.^guR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gironde, 
the  Dropt,  7  miles  N.E.  of  La  R€ole.     Pop.  1704. 
}nselice,  mon-sA-lee'chi,  a  town  of  Italy,  13  miles 
■  of  Padua,  on  the  Canal  of  Monselice,  which  extends 
fr(  Padua  to  Este.    It  has  manufactures  of  silk,  linen, 
anj'foollen  goods.    Pop.  9765. 

j)nserrat,  mon-sdR-Rit',  or  Montserrat,  mont- 
K|it',  a  mountain  of  Spain,  province  and  19  miles  N.W. 
oft.roelona,  near  the  right  bank  of  the  Llobregat.     It  is 
39ffeet  in  height,  and  consists  of  a  great  number  of  lofty, 
"^ed  peaks,  between  which  the  ascent  is  made  with  great 
dif  ilty.    About  midway  up  its  E.  side  stapds  the  famous 
'"jlstery  of  the  same  name.     It  possesses  an  image  of  the 
> 'I  n,  whose  alleged  miraculous  powers  used  to  attract 
va.  lumbers  of  pilgrims ;  and  perched  on  the  surrounding 
fw  are  numbers  of  hermitages,  several  of  which  have 
Mjoeupied  by  distinguished  saints. 
_  jtnsey,  mun'se,  a  post-village  of  Eockland  co.,  N.Y., 
'n  j  mapo  township,  on  the  Piermont  Branch  of  the  Erie 
«*'ad.  10  miles  W.  of  Piermont.     It  has  3  churches. 
j'MS  Fagi,  the  Latin  name  of  Munzipay. 
I'HS  Fagti,  a  Latin  name  of  Habern. 
Ims  Fortis  Amalarici.    See  MosTFORT-LAjrAUBY. 
_  ■|>usheini,   mons'hime,    a  village    of  WUrtemberg, 
tit.  of  Ncckar,  on  the  Kreuzbach.     Pop.  1129. 
ims  Johunnis,  the  Latin  name  of  Montjean. 
1  ms  Jovis.    See  Saint-Bernard,  and  Montjoie. 


K 


in 


Mons  Lnpelli,  the  Latin  name  of  Montluel. 

Mons  Mnrtiani,  the  Latin  name  of  Mont-de-Marsak. 

Mons  Mirabilis,  the  Latin  name  of  Montmirail. 

Monsol,  miso'sol',  a  village  of  France,  in  Rhone,  18 
miles  N.W.  of  Villefranche.     Pop.  1428. 

Monson,  mun'sgn,  a  post-village  in  Monson  township, 
Piscataquis  co.,  Me.,  on  Hebron  Pond,  about  54  miles  N.W. 
of  Bangor.  It  has  an  academy  and  2  churches.  The  town- 
ship has  several  slate-quarries,  <fec.     Pop.  604. 

Monson,  a  post-village  in  Monson  township,  Hampden 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  New  London  Northern  Railroad,  4  luilcs 
S.  of  Palmer,  and  15  miles  E.  of  Springfield.  It  contains 
3  churches,  an  academy,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank, 
a  large  state  school  for  the  children  of  alien  paupers,  and 
manufactories  of  carriages,  woollen,  cotton,  and  straw  goods. 
Fine  granite  is  quarried  here.  The  township  is  boundef* 
on  the  N.  by  the  Chicopee  River.     Pop.  in  1890,  3650. 

Mons  Pensatus,  the  Latin  name  of  Montpezat. 

Mons  Pessulamus,  the  Latin  name  of  Montpellier. 

Mons  Itcgalis,  the  Latin  name  of  Montreal. 

Mons  licgius,  the  Latin  name  of  Konigsbeug. 

Mons  Setius,  an  ancient  name  of  Cette. 

Monster,  mOn'st^r,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  prov- 
ince of  South  Holland,  15  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Rotterdam. 
Pop.  of  commune,  3795. 

Monsteriolnm,  the  Latin  name  of  Montreuil. 

Monsummano,  mon^soom-m/l'no,  a  town   of  Italy, 

Erovince  and  15  miles  E.  of  Lucca,  with  natural  vapof 
aths  in  a  grotto  near  the  town.     Pop.  6733. 

Mons  Vici,  tho  Latin  name  of  Mondovi. 

Monsweiler,  mJns'^i-l^r,  a  village  in  Alsace-Lor- 
raine, near  Zabern. 

Monta,  mon'ti  (L.  Montatu),  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Coni,  immediately  N.W.  of  Casale.     Pop.  2827. 

Montabaur,  mon't3,-bowR\  a  town  of  Prussia,  8  miles 
N.  of  Nassau.  It  has  oil-mills  and  manufactures  of  linen 
and  paper.     Pop.  3346. 

Montafunerthal,  monH3.-foo'n§r-t41\  a  wild  and  ro- 
mantic valley  of  Austria,  in  the  S.E.  of  Vorarlberg,  near 
St.  Pclor,  traversed  by  the  111.  It  forms  a  district  of  about 
150  square  miles,  includes  10  parishes,  is  governed  by  its 
own  landamman,  and  has  a  population  of  8900.  Its  chief 
town  is  Schruns. 

Montagna,  mon-t&n'yi,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  2 
miles  E.  of  Sondrio.     Pop.  of  commune,  1845. 

Montagnac,  m6wHan*yik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ile- 
rault,  on  the  H6rault,  24  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Montpellicr. 
Pop,  3811.     Brandy  is  made  here, 

Montagnana,  mon-tin-y3,'n&,  a  town  of  Italy,  23 
miles  S.W.  of  Padua,  on  the  Frassina,  Pop,  9178.  It  has 
a  castle,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  and  linen  cloths, 
hats,  and  leather. 

Montague,  mon't^-gu,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of 
Texas,  has  an  area  of  about  890  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  Red  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Clear 
Creek  and  the  Denton  Fork  of  Trinity  River.  A  large 
part  of  the  surface  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  pro- 
duces pasture  for  cattle,  which  form  the  chief  article  of 
export.  This  county  is  intersected  by  two  important  rail- 
roads. Capital,  Montague.  Pop.  in  1870,  890;  in  1880, 
11,257;  in  1890,  18,863. 

Montague,  a  post-village  in  Montague  township, 
Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  New  London  Northern  Rail- 
road and  the  Vermont  &  Massachusetts  Railroad,  52  miles 
AV.  of  Fitchburg,  and  4  or  5  miles  S.E.  of  Greenfield,  It 
has  a  high  school  and  4  churches.  The  township  is 
bounded  on  the  W,  by  the  Connecticut  River,  and  has  ex- 
tensive manufactures  of  cutlery,  paper,  and  other  articles. 
It  contains  villages  named  Turner's  Falls  and  Miller's  Falls, 
PoT).  of  the  township,  in  1890,  6296, 

Montague,  a  post-village  in  Montague  township,  Mus- 
kegon CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Michigan  Lake  Shore 
Railroad,  17  miles  N.N.W,  of  Muskegon,  and  5  miles  E.  of 
Lake  Michigan.  It  is  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  navigable 
White  Lake,  which  is  7  miles  long.  It  has  a  newspaper 
ofiice,  a  money-order  post-ofiBoe,  a  graded  school,  6  churches, 
a  brewery,  a  grist-mill,  a  machine-shop,  a  foundrj',  a 
planing-mill,  and  several  lumber-mills.  Large  steamers 
come  from  Lake  Michigan  to  this  place.  Many  peaches  are 
shipped  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1693  ;  of  the  township,  1967. 

Montague,  a  post-village  in  Montague  township,  Sus- 
sex CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  8  or  9  miles  S.W.  of 
Port  Jervis,  N.Y.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 932. 

Montague,  a  post-office  in  Montague  township,  Lewis 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  45  miles  E.N.E,  of  Oswego.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  732. 


MON 


1870 


MON 


Moataffuey  a  post-village,  oanilal  of  Montiigue  oo., 
Tax.,  about  86  idUm  N.W.  of  Dallas,  and  75  miles  W.  of 
8beriuan.  It  has  a  nowvpnpi-r  oBioe,  3  oburohes,  2  grist- 
mills, and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  in  liiSO,  323;  in  18<J0,  795. 

Afontaffae,  a  siunll  post-village  of  Essex  oo.,  Va.,  about 
45  milei  K.N.B.  of  Uichinond. 

Montague*  mon't^-gu,  or  Rose'villc*  a  post-village 
In  Lanark  co.,  Ontario,  5  ftiiles  from  Siiiitli's  Fails.  P.  100. 
Moiitaguet  a  ]iost-villago  in  Kings  oo..  Prince  Edward 
Island,  26  miles  E.  of  Charlottctown.  It  contains  several 
ftnros,  a  hotel,  a  brewery,  a  tannery,  2  grist-  and  saw- 
mills, ship-ynrdsi,  <tc.     Pop.  350. 

Montague  City,  a  post-village  in  Montague  township, 
Fmnklin  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Connecticut  liiver,  and  on  the 
Vermont  A  Massachuiietts  Railroad  (Turner's  Falls  Branch), 
S6  miles  N.  of  Springfield,  and  2  miles  E.  of  Greenfield. 

Montague  Cross  lloads,  a  post-village  in  Queens 
00.,  Prince  Edward  Island,  20  miles  from  Charlottetown. 
Pop.  200. 

Montague  Gold-Mines,  a  post-village  in  Halifax 
00.,  Nova  Scotia,  near  Lako  Loon,  5  miles  from  Halifax. 
Pop.  400.     Here  are  rich  gold-mines. 

Montague  Island,  on  the  E.  coast  of  China,  prov- 
ince of  Cho-Kiang.     Lnt.  29°  10'  N.;  Ion.  122°  5'  E. 

Montague  Island,  one  of  the  New  Hebrides,  in  the 
South  Pacific.     Lat.  17°  26'  S.;  Ion.  168°  17'  E. 

Montague  Island,  an  island  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  off 
East  Australia.     Lat.  36°  18'  S.;  Ion.  150°  24'  E. 

Montague  Island,  an  island  in  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
Alaska,  Prince  William  Sound.  Lat.  00°  N.;  Ion.  140°  50' 
W.     Length,  50  miles ;  Ijreiulth,  8  miles. 

Montague  Island,  one  of  the  Sandwich  Islands,  in 
the  South  Atlantic.     Lat.  63°  27'  S. ;  Ion  20°  44'  W. 

Montague  and  Bristol  Islands,  in  the  Antarctic 
Ocean.     Lat.  58°  S.;  Ion.  27°  W. 

Montague  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  Prince 
Edward  Island,  28  miles  from  Charlottetown.  It  has  several 
stores  and  ship-yards,  and  a  good  trade  in  lumber  and 
grain.     Pop.  200. 

Montague  Sound,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  N.W.  of  Aus- 
tralia.    Lat.  14°  30'  S.;  Ion.  125°  30'  E. 

Montaign,  m6N"'tA^gli'(  Flemish,  Scherpenheiivel,  sk5u'- 
p?n-ho'v§l,  the  signification  of  both  names  being  the  same, 
— "  sharp  mountain"),  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Brabant,  28 
miles  N.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  2400. 

Montaigu,  m6N»Hi*gU',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vendue, 
20  miles  N.N.E.  of  La  Rocho-sur-Yon.     Pop.  1802. 

Montaigut,  m6N>»*tA'gU',  or  Montaign,  a  town  of 
France,  in  Puy -de-Dome,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Kiom.    P.  1710. 

Montailleur,  m6so'tih*yuB',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Upper  Savoy,  3  miles  from  Chamb6ry.     Pop.  900. 

Montaimont,  mi.v'ti'mbs"',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Savoy,  7  miles  N.  of  Saint-Jean  do  Mauriennc.     Pop.  1500. 

Mont]\jone,  mon-ti-yo'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  25  miles  S.W.  of  Florence.     Pop.  of  commune,  10,550. 

Montalban,  mon-t&l-b&n',  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  18  miles  S.  of  Cordova.     Pop.  2497. 

Montalban,  a  market-town  of  Spain,  province  and  32 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Teruel.     Pop.  1260. 

Montalban,  mon-tll-bin',  a  town  of  Venezuela,  state 
of  Carabobo,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Valencia.     Pop.  6769. 

Alontalbano,  mon-tJll-bi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Basilicata,  26  miles  S.S.W.  of  Matera.     Pop.  6225. 

Moutalbodo,  mon-til-bo'do,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  about  19  miles  W.  of  Ancona.     Pop.  5903. 

Mont-Alcino,  a  city  of  Italy.     See  Monte  Alciko. 

Montaldo-d'Acqui,  mon-til'do-dik'kwee,  a  village 
of  Italy,  province  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  1182. 

Montaldo-di-Mondovi,  mon-til'do-dce-mon-do- 
vee',  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Coni,  6  miles  S.  of  Mondovi. 
Por.  2067. 

Montaldo-Rocro,  mon-til'do-ro-i'ro,  a  village  of 
Italy,  province  of  Coni,  6  miles  from  Albi.     Pop.  1432. 

Montal  do«  Scaram  pi,  mon-t&l'do-ski-r&m'pee,  a  vil- 
Lige  of  Italy,  province  of  Asti.     Pop.  1247. 

Montale,  mon-t&'li,  a  town  and  commune  of  Italy, 
province  and  6  miles  E.  of  Pistoja.     Pop.  8218. 

Montalegre,  mon-ti-li'gr4,  a  market-town  of  Por- 
tugal, in  Tras-os-Montes,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chaves. 

Montalegre,  mon-t&-l&'gri,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Par^,  on  the  Amazon,  about  80  miles  below  Santarem. 
Pop.  of  district,  -1000. 

Montalengo,  mon-ti-l4n'go,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Turin,  8  miles  S.  of  Ivrea.     Pop.  1280. 

Montalto,  mon-t&l'to,  a  village  of  Italy,  30  miles 
B.N.E.  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  1222. 

Montalto,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  8  miles 


N.N.E.  of  Asooli.    It  is  a  bishop's  see.    Pope  Slxtu  V 
born  here.     Pop.  3213. 

Montalto  (L.  Z/«6»a),  a  town  of  lUly,  province  and 
miles  N.W.  of  Cosenza.     Pop.  5298. 

Montalto,  a  village  of  luly,  12  miles  from  Saa  Remc 
Pop.  1050. 

Montalto,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Turin,  2  miles  N.  ol 
Ivrea,  on  the  Dora.     Pop.  1325. 

Mont  Alto,  Franklin  co..  Pa.    See  Funkstows. 

Mont  Alto  Junction,  Franklin  co.,  Pa.,  is  the  ju 
tion  of  the  Cumberland  Valley  &   Mont  Alto  Railruuij 
34  miles  N.E.  of  Chamborsburg. 

MontalvAo,  mon-t4l-vowN»',  a  small  fortified  town  o 
Portugal,  province  of  Alemtejo,  27  miles  N.N.W.  of  Poru 
legre.     I'op.  1373. 

Montalvo,  mon-tiU'vo,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  NewCaaliU 
30  miles  from  Cucnca. 

Montana,  mon-t&'n^,  one  of  the  northwestern  tlnte 
of  the  Ameiican  Union,  bounded  N.  by  British  Columbii 
and  Assiniboia,  E.  by  North  Dakota  and  South  DakoU  8 
by  Wyoming  and  Idaho,  and  W.  by  Idaho.  Its  northeri 
limit  is  49°  N.  lat. ;  its  eastern,  104°  W.  Ion. ;  iu  southen 
is  defined  principally  by  the  45th  degree  of  N.  1st.;  am 
its  western  line  for  the  most  part  follows  the  crest  of  tbi 
Bitter  Root  Mountains  and  the  main  chain  of  the  Rockj 
Mountains.     Area,  146,080  square  miles. 

The  Face  of  (he  Country  is  generally  mountainous,  c»pe 
cially  westward.  The  main  range  of  the  Rocky  Mountain 
enters  the  state  from  the  N.,  runs  200  miles  in  a  S.S.E 
course,  and  then  curves  westward  till  it  reaches  the  westeri 
lino  of  the  state,  at  the  junction  of  the  Bitter  Root  Moun 
tains  with  the  parent  chain.  To  the  eastward  occur  Ihi 
Little  Rocky,  Little  Bear,  Bear's  Paw,  Kay-i-you,  Oallntin 
and  other  mountain  ranges.  Through  these  the  rivers  oftei 
flow  in  deeply  eroded  and  picturesque  canons.  On  the  E 
side  of  the  Yellowstone,  near  its  lower  canon,  is  a  beaiiti 
fully  symmetrical  mountain-range,  and  small  isolated  moun 
tain-ranges  flank  that  river  on  cither  side  to  a  point  belo» 
the  mouth  of  the  Tongue  River.  Some  of  the  Upper  Yel 
lowstone  mountains  ascend  11,000  feet  above  the  sea,  am 
are  crowned  with  perpetual  snow.  Many  parts  of  the  ftati 
have  a  remarkably  rough  surface,  with  peaks  of  basalt,  tufl 
and  other  volcanic  rock.  Pine,  cedar,  ami  fir  trees  clothi 
many  of  the  mountain-sides,  and  many  of  the  river-bottom 
have  much  Cottonwood  and  other  timber.  Aijng  tbeTbre 
Forks  of  the  Missouri,  and  elsewhere  in  the  state,  there  i 
much  gently  undulating  prairie,  of  the  finest  agricnltura 
capabilities. 

Rivers. — Here  rise  the  Missouri  and  the  Clarke's  Fori 
of  the  Columbia ;  and  the  Yellowstone,  which  is  the  large* 
tributary  the  Missouri  receives,  flows  in  this  state  through 
out  nearly  its  whole  course.  The  Maria's,  Milk,  Muscle 
shell,  Big  Horn,  Rose  Bud,  Powder,  Tongue,  Sun,  Gallatin 
Jufi'erson,  Madison,  Stinking  Water,  and  Beaverhead  River 
are  tributary  to  the  Missouri,  directly  or  through  the  Yel 
lowstone.  The  Missouri  may  be  navigated  by  stearoboat 
as  far  as  Fort  Benton ;  and  the  Yellowstone,  with  one  o 
two  of  its  main  tributaries,  may  also  be  navigated  in  gooi 
stages  of  water.  Some  of  the  mountain-streams  have  ai 
exceedingly  rapid  descent,  and,  being  fed  by  mountain 
snows,  their  waters  afford  unfailing  motive-power  and  ud 
excelled  facilities  for  irrigation. 

Geology  and  Minerals. — The  geological  strata,  especiall; 
in  those  districts  which  have  been  so  effectually  disturb* 
by  volcanic  action,  are  much  broken  ;  and  here,  as  well  a 
along  the  deep  river-canons,  are  exposed  the  strata  of  ever; 
geologic  age,  from  the  primordial  quartzite  to  the  tertiary 
with  the  exception  of  the  Devonian  and  trias^ic,  whici 
appear  to  be  entirely  absent.  In  the  W.  the  azoic  forma 
tions  are  most  prevalent ;  next  to  the  eastward,  the  Jur.utio 
still  farther  eastward,  the  cretaceous;  and  along  the  Ds 
kota  front  the  tertiary  extends,  covering  the  nortbeastcrij 
third  of  the  state.  The  carboniferous  strata,  though  thick| 
do  not  appear  to  yield  any  coal,  but  there  are  abundan 
and  well-distributed  lignitio  coals  of  cretaceous  or  tertian 
age,  or  both.  The  quality  of  the  coal  is  good,  and  it  i 
now  extensively  mined.  But  the  great  mineral  wealth  ol| 
Montana  consists  principally  in  her  deposits  of  gold,  silvetj 
and  copper.  The  production  of  copper  is  greater  than  tb.v 
in  any  other  state,  and  in  the  product  of  the  prociou 
metals  Montana  is  also  unrivalled.  The  mineral  output  fu, 
1890  was  valued  at  $47,848,000.  _  J 

Agricultural  Resources. — The  prairie-lands,  river-botj 
toms,  bench-lands,  and  many  of  the  mountain-valleys  offe 
a  wide  extent  of  excellent  wheat-land  to  the  agriculti>riil 
and  in  general  such  soils  may  be  tilled  with  rcmarkable|ea»( 
No  other  part  of  the  United  States,  it  has  been  said,  toffcr 


MON 


1871 


MON 


'ah  advantages  to  the  stock-raiser  and  the  wool-grower  as 
intana,  whose  rich  and  nutritious  bunch,  buffalo,  and 
una  grasses  are  eagerly  fed  upon  by  all  the  domestic 
•izing  animals.  Very  little  hay-making  or  winter  fodder- 
j'  is  required  ;  and  in  the  sheltered  valleys  horses,  cattle, 
'i  sheep  are  ullowed  to  range  all  winter  without  artificial 
Stection.  Grasshoppers  have  in  some  seasons  proved 
;ccdingly  annoying.  At  present  spring  wheat,  potatoes, 
Ucr  (here  of  peculiar  e.xeellence),  root-crops,  barley,  and 
is  are  the  leading  agricultural  products.  Much  of  East- 
li  Montana  appears  to  be  too  dry  for  successful  general 
'-ieulture;  and  in  the  mountains  and  valleys,  although 
:  rainfall  is  often  ample,  irrigation  has  proved  exceed- 
;ly  advantageous,  and  for  its  introduction  there  are  great 
ilities.  The  winter  climate  is  in  general  much  milder 
,n  would  be  expected,  considering  the  latitude  and  eleva- 
'n  of  the  state;  but  there  are  occasionally  seasons  when 
cold  is  intense,  as  in  March,  1867,  when  for  28  mornings 
,  of  31  the  temperature  was  below  zero  Fahr.,  and  yet 
'  cattle  and  no  horses  died,  although  nearly  all  were 
!"ed  and  unsheltered.  The  mercury  has  been  known  to 
I  to  — 34°  Fahr.,  but  in  the  greater  number  of  winters 
cold  is  not  intense,  and  storms  are  unfrequent.  The 
iW-fall  is  never  large,  except  on  high  mountain-peaks. 
Jbjects  of  Interest. — A  portion  of  the  National  Park  at 
head  of  the  Yellowstone  lies  within  the  boundaries  of 
3  stiite.  This  region  is  celebrated  for  its  wonderful  gey- 
,'s  and  other  thermal  and  mineral  springs,  for  its  start- 
!g  and  altogether  remarkable  scenery  where  the  moun- 
Ms  and  valleys  are  broken  by  volcanic  rocks,  for  its  great 
Jaracts,  its  pleasant  lakes,  and  its  deep  canons.  Within 
fs  state  are  the  Great  Falls  of  the  Missouri,  regarded  as 
;fong  the  grandest  cataracts  known.  The  mountains  and 
1  jams  afford  abundant  opportunities  for  hunting  and 
[ling. 

\hiniifacturea. — At  present  the  leading  manufacturing 

ustries  are  the  sawing  of  lumber,  which  is  extensi/ely 

'  ricd  on  in  the  well-timbered  districts,  the  milling  and 

nping  of  quartz,  and  the  grinding  of  wheat,  Ac,  for  the 

;ae  supply.     The  water-power  of  the  state  is  abundant, 

11  not  much  interrupted  by  freezing  or  drought.  In  1880 
re  were  only  106  miles  of  railway  in  Montana,  but  in 
1  the  number  had  increased  to  1684  miles,  the  principal 
i  being  the  Northern  Pacific,  which  extends  across  the 
te  from  east  to  west,  and  with  its  branches  reaches  the 
ncipal  points  of  interest. 
Tounties,  &c. — The  state  contains  the  following  counties, 
.,  Beaver  Head,  Cascade,  Choteau,  Custer,  Dawson,  Deer 
Ige,  Fergus,  Gallatin,  Jefferson,  Lewis  and  Clarke,  Mad- 
i  1,  Meagher,  Missoula,  Park,  Silver  Bow,  and  Yellow- 

:  le. 

he  principal  towns  are  Helena,  the  capital  (pop.  in 
:  0,  13,834),  Butte  City  (10,723),  Great  Falls  (3979), 
HMonda  (3975),  Missoula  (3426),  besides  Livingston, 
J:eman,  Walkerville,  Marysville,  Deerlodge,  <fec. 
\lovernment. — The  governor  and  other  state  officers  are 
«)ted  by  the  people.  Members  of  the  senate  hold  office 
^4  years,  representatives  for  2  years,  and  the  biennial 
Siions  of  the  legislature  are  limited  to  60  days.  Owing 
|l  dispute  between  rival  claimants  in  the  legislature  from 
^'•er  Bow  county,  no  business  was  transacted  at  the  first 
Ij.slative  session,  and  no  provision  made  for  canvassing 
|es  for  the  next  election.  The  state  has  one  representa- 
f  J  in  the  national  congress. 

f  JrfucrUi'on. — The  general  supervision  of  public  instruc- 
y  is  vested  in  a  state  board  of  education.  Provision 
ji  made  by  allotments  of  land,  on  the  part  of  the  federal 
«  emment,  for  establishing  a  state  university,  agricultural 
I  eges,  a  school  of  mines,  a  state  normal  school,  an  asylum 
*  the  deaf  and  dumb,  and  a  general  school  fund.  The 
iilic  school  system  is  steadily  improving. 
J  Ji»«ory.— This  region  was  for  many  years  frequented  by 
jwhites  except  the  trapper,  the  voyar/eur,  and  the  fur- 
«ler,  and  its  eastern  mountains  were  the  abode  of  blood- 
I  sty  Indians,  like  the  Crows  and  Blackfeet,  while  in  the 
;  t  dwelt  the  peaceable  Flatheads  or  Selish,  with  the 

inacks  and  other  inoffensive  tribes.  In  1864,  Montana 
;    organized  as  a  territory,  and  within  a  few  years  the 

them  Pacific  Railroad  route  was  surveyed  across  the  ter- 
'  ry.    Gold  had  been  discovered  in  this  region  as  early  as 

2,  but  it  was  not  till  twenty  years  later  that  the  greater 
<j  !overies  of  the  precious  metals  occurred.  The  wonderful 
ij  leriil  resources  soon  attracted  a  superior  class  of  settlers. 
•1^1876  the  valley  of  the  Rosebud  River  was  the  scene 
'  -uster  s  last  and  fatal  contest  with  the  hostile  Dakota 
I  lis,  who  were  led  by  Sitting  Bull,  a  malcontent  chief, 
-.atana  was  admitted  to  the  Union  as  a  state  in  1889. 


Population. — In  1870  the  population  was  20,595  ;  in  1880, 
39,159;  in  1890,  132,159.  The  Indians  on  the  different 
reservations  numbered  in  1890,  10,336.  They  represent 
the  remnants  of  several  once  powerful  tribes  and  nations, 
such  as  the  Piegan,  Crow,  Pend  d'Oreille,  Kootenai,  Flat- 
head, Kalispel,  Assinaboine,  Gros  Ventre,  Sioux,  and  Chey- 
enne. 

Montana,  Iowa.    Sec  Boone. 

Montana,  a  post-village  in  Montana  township,  La- 
bette  CO.,  Kansas,  on  or  near  the  Neosho  River,  12  miles 
S.E.  of  Parsons,  and  7  miles  N.  of  Oswego.  It  has  2 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber.  Pop. 
about  200 ;  of  the  township,  760. 

Montana  (formerly  Springville),  a  post-village  of 
Warren  co.,  N.J.,  in  Harmony  township,  on  Scott's  Moun- 
tain, 6  miles  S.  of  Belvidcre,    It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  200. 

Montana,  a  post-township  of  Buffalo  co.,  Wis.,  about 
20  miles  N.  of  Winona,  Minn.,  and  30  miles  S.  of  £au 
Claire,     Pop.  647. 

Montanaro,  mon-ti-ni'ro,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Turin.     Pop.  4525.    It  has  a  castle. 

Montanches,  mon-tin'chSs,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  20  miles  S.E.  of  Caceres.  It  has  a  town  nouse,  prison, 
2  professorships  of  Latin,  3  elementary  schools,  a  church, 
several  fountains,  and  flour-  and  oil-mills.     Pop.  4341. 

Montan'don,  a  post-village  in  Chillisquaque  township, 
Northumberland  co..  Pa.,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Sus- 
quehanna River,  and  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad, 
at  its  junction  with  the  Lewisburg  Centre  <fc  Spruce  Creek 
Railroad,  li  miles  from  Lewisburg,  9  miles  above  Sunbury, 
and  15  miles  W.  of  Danville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  steam 
saw-mill,  and  a  planing-mill. 

Montaner,  m6N»Hi*naiR',  a  town  of  France,  Bassos- 
Pyr6n6es,  in  the  arrondissement  of  Pau,  between  the  Lys 
and  the  Lys-Darr6. 

Montargis,  moN'taR'zhee'  (L.  Montar'gium  Vellonn- 
dum),  a  town  of  France,  in  Loiret,  on  the  Loing,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Canals  of  Briare  and  Loing,  38  miles  E.  of 
Orleans.  Pop.  9175,  who  manufacture  cutlery,  hosiery, 
paper,  serge,  &c.  It  has  ruins  of  walls,  and  of  an  old 
castle  built  by  Charles  V.  of  France. 

Mont-Astruc,  m6Nt-isHriik',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Ilaute-Garonne,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Toulouse.     Pop.  1200. 

Montata,  the  Latin  for  Mo.vta. 

Montataire,  mdNo'tlHaiR',  a  village  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Oise,  9  miles  from  Senlis,  with  important  iron-, 
copper-,  and  zinc-works.     Pop.  4864. 

Inontauban,  m6N»Ho*b6N»'  (ane.  Mont  Alha'nus),  a 
town  of  France,  capital  of  Tarn-et-Garonne,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Tarn,  and  on  the  railway  from  Bordeaux  to 
Cette,  110  miles  S.E.  of  Bordeaux.  Pop.  26,952.  It  is  the 
see  of  a  bishop,  and  has  a  tribunal  of  commerce,  a  lyeie,  n 
theatre,  a  chamber  of  manufactures,  a  seminary  with  Prot- 
estant faculty  of  theology,  a  normal  school,  and  a  library  of 
15,000  volumes.  Montauban,  founded  in  the  middle  of  tho 
twelfth  century,  was  one  of  the  first  towns  which  embraced 
the  Reformation,  and  has  been  often  subjected  to  cruel  per- 
secutions. It  has  manufactures  of  porcelain,  leather,  silk, 
bolting-cloths,  paints,  farina,  crockery,  copper-wares,  <fec. 

Montaud,  m6N"Ho',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Loire,  arrondissement  of  Saint-Etienne.     Pop.  5726. 

Montaudin,  m6N"HoMS,N"',  a  town  of  France,  17  milca 
W.N.W.  of  Mayenne.     Pop.  1547. 

Montauk,  m5n'tawk',  a  post-hamlet  of  Dent  co..  Mo., 
about  33  miles  S.  by  E.  of  RoUa.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
grist-mill. 

Montauk  Point,  New  York,  a  bold  promontory  at  the 
E.  extremity  of  Long  Island,  in  lat.  41°  4'  N.,  Ion.  71° 
51'  54"  AV.  Here  is  a  fixed  light,  about  160  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  sea. 

Mont'avieAV,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ky. 

Montazzoli,  mon-tit'so-le,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Chieti,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Vasto.     Pop.  2990. 

Montbard,  niiNo^baR'  (L.  Mona  Jiarrua),  a  town  of 
France,  in  C&te-d'Or,  on  the  Burgundy  Canal,  and  on  tho 
railway  from  Paris  to  Lyons,  11  miles  N.  of  Semur.  Pop. 
2427.     It  has  manufactures  of  leather,  paper,  pottery,  <tc. 

Montbazon,  m6N<'"biV,6N<''  (L.  Jlfon*  Baaoni>),a  town 
of  France,  in  Indre-et-Loire,  on  the  Indre,  8  miles  S.  of 
Tours.     Pop.  1090. 

Montbeliard,  m6N<''biMe-aR',  or  Montbelliard, 
m6N«'b5rie-aR'  {L.Mona Pi'liger;  QeT.Mumpelgard,mum'- 
p?l-gaRt'),  a  town  of  France,  in  Doubs,  48  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Besanfon,  on  the  Rhine  &  Rhone  Junction  Canal.  Pop. 
7625.  It  has  a  communal  college,  a  normal  school,  a  public 
library,  and  manufactures  of  linen  fabrics,  muslins,  clook% 
watches,  leather,  and  files. 


HON 


1872 


HON 


Mout  Blanc,  tnby  bl&i«*'  (It.  Monte  Bianco,  mon'tA 
be&u'ki:;  L.  Mun»  AVbui ;  both  names,  as  well  u  the 
Frenoh  Mont  Blane,  signifying  "  white  mountain"),  a  cele- 
brated mountJtin  of  the  Alps  of  Savoy,  the  highest  in 
Europe  (exoeut  some  peaks  of  the  Caucasus),  in  lat.  45°  49' 
ftS"  «.,  Ion.  0°  61'  64"  E.  The  elevation,  as  given  by  the 
Italian  engineers,  is  15,810  feet;  but  this  varies  to  an  e.\- 
tent  of  several  feet,  according  to  the  amount  of  condensed 
•now  on  its  summit.  Limit  of  the  snow-line,  800U  feet 
above  the  sea.  Thirty-four  glaoicrs  bound  the  chain  of 
Mont  Blanc,  occupying  a  surface  estimated  at  95  square 
miles.  The  largest  and  most  complex  of  these  is  the  Mer 
de  Olaee  ("  sea  of  ice"),  the  lower  part  of  which,  called 
the  Glacier  dee  Boie  ("glacier  of  the  woods"),  gives  rise 
to  the  river  Arveiron,  2  miles  above  Chamouni.  Mont 
Diane  was  (irst  ascended  by  Paccard,  August  8,  1786. 

Montblanch,  mont-bl&nk',  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  17  uiilcs  N.N.W.  of  Tarragona.     Pop.  4656. 

Montbrdhnin,  m6x"'briMiiN»',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Aisne,  arrundisscmcnt  of  Saint-Quentin.     Pop.  2084. 

Montbrisou,  m6K>^bree^z6M"'  (L.  Montbrieonitim),  a 
town  of  France,  capital  of  the  department  of  Loire,  234 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Paris.  Pop.  5959.  It  has  a  normal  school, 
a  public  library,  and  manufactures  of  ribbons.  It  commu- 
nicates by  railway  with  the  Loire  and  with  the  line  from 
Koanno  to  Lyons.     In  its  vicinity  are  mineral  springe. 

Moutbron,  m&K"'br6N«',  a  town  of  France,  in  Charente, 
16  miles  £.  of  Angoulfime.     Pop.  1416. 

Montbrun,  m6N<>^briiK»',  a  village  of  France,  in  Haate- 
Garonne,  33  miles  S.W.  of  Toulouse.     Pop.  1521. 

Montcalm,  mont-k&m',  a  county  in  the  W.  central 
part  of  Michigan,  has  an  area  of  720  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  Flat  and  Pine  Rivers  and  Fish  Creek,  The 
surface  is  nearly  level  or  undulating,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  pine  and  sugar-maple 
abound.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Lumber,  wheat,  Indian  corn, 
hay,  potatoes,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products  of  the 
county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana 
Railroad,  the  Toledo,  Saginaw  A  Muskegon  Railroad,  and 
the  Detroit,  Lansing  &  Northern  Railroad,  the  latter  of 
which  communicates  with  Stanton,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870.13.629;  in  1880,  33,148;  in  1890,  32,637. 

Montcalm,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Ala. 

Montcalm,  a  post-office  of  Bienville  parish,  La. 

Montcalm,  township,  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  1480. 

Montcalm,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Quebec,  bounded 
on  the  N.E.  by  the  co.  of  Joliette,  on  the  S.E.  by  the  co. 
of  L'Assomption,  on  the  S.W.  by  the  cos.  of  Terrebonne, 
Argonteuil,  and  Ottawa,  and  on  the  N.  by  the  North-West 
Territories.  Area,  4028  square  miles.  This  county  is 
drained  by  the  Gatineau,  Du  Lifivre,  Rougo,  North,  and  Lao 
Ouareau  Rivers.     Capital,  Ste.  Julienne.     Pop.  12,742. 

Montcalm,  a  post- village  in  Montcalm  co.,  Quebec,  10 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Joliette.  It  contains  several  stores  and 
mills,  and  has  good  water-power.     Pop.  200. 

Montceau'les-Mincs,  m6N"'so'-14-meen,  a  town  of 
France,  in  Saone-et-Loire,  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Montchanin- 
les-Mines.     It  has  coal-mines  and  quarries.     Pop.  4375. 

Mont  Cenis,  m6N»  s§h-nee'  (It.  Monte  Cenieio,  mon'ti 
ohi-nee'se-o),  one  of  the  most  remarkable  summits  of  the 
Alps,  on  the  limits  of  France  and  Italy.  Lat.  (of  hospice) 
45^  14'  8"  N. ;  Ion.  6°  56'  11"  E.  The  road  in  the  pass  of 
Mont  Cenis,  made  by  the  French  in  1808  to  1811,  is  one  of 
the  most  frequented  across  the  Alps.  Highest  point,  6775 
feet  above  the  sea.  Near  it  is  the  Col  de  Fr6j  us,  under  which 
passes  the  tunnel  of  Mont  Cenis. 

Mont  Cen'is,  a  post-office  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas, 
about  82  miles  W.  of  Topeka. 

Mont  Cervin,  miso  86r-v4n»'  (It.  Monte  Silvio,  mon'- 
td  sil've-o;  Ger.  Matterhorn,  mit't^r-honn^),  a  mountain 
of  the  Pennine  Alps,  between  the  Valais  in  Switzerland  and 
the  Val  d'Aosta  in  Piedmont,  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mont 
Blanc,  and  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Monte  Rosa.  Elevation, 
14,771  feet.  The  Col  of  Mont  Cervin  is  used  in  summer  as 
a  passage  for  horses  and  mules.     Elevation,  10,938  feet. 

Montchanin-les-Mines,  m6N°^8hi^nilN<''-l4-meen,  a 
town  of  France,  in  Saflne-et-Loire,  on  a  railway,  and  on  a 
canal,  21  miles  S.W.  of  Chaion-sur-Sa&ne.     Pop.  3334. 

Mout^clair',  a  post-village  in  Montclair  township, 
Essex  CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Montclair  A  Greenwood  Lake  Rail- 
road, near  Orange  Mountain,  and  on  the  Delaware,  Lacka- 
wanna &  AVestern  Railroad,  5  miles  N.N.W.  of  Newark,  and 
13  miles  N.W.  of  Jersey  City.  It  has  6  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  a  manufactory  of  pasteboard.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  in  1880,  5147 ;  in  1890,  8656. 

Montclair  Heights,  a  station  on  the  New  York  A 
Greenwood  Lake  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Montclair,  N.J. 


Mont  Clare,  a  post-villugo  in  Jefforson  townihip  Cook 
00,,  III.,  on  the  Chicago  A  Pociflc  Railroad,  9  miles  w!n  W 
of  Chicago.  It  has  a  church,  a  seminary,  and  many  fin* 
residences.  ' 

Mont  Clare,  a  village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Po.  in 
Upper  Providence  township,  on  the  Schuylkill,  opno'ilt* 
Ph<«nixville.     It  has  an  iron-foundry  and  a  brick-yard. 

Montcoruet,  m6K«'koR'ni',  a  market-town  of  France, 
in  Aisno.     Pop.  1742.  ^ 

Montcuq,  a  village  of  France.    See  Moncuq. 

AIont-Dauphin,  m6.v^do'f4.N»',  a  small  luriifiBd  town 
of  France,  in  liautes-Alpe8,on  a  height  beside  the  Durauco, 
10  miles  N.E.  of  Embrun.     Pop.  513. 

Mont-de-Marsan,  m6N«-d§h-maR'g6s»'  (L.  Mout 
Martiaui),  a  town  of  France,  capital  of  the  department  of 
Landes,  on  a  railway,  at  the  junction  of  the  Dome  and 
Midou,  which  here  form  the  navigable  Midouic,  70  milci 
S,  of  Bordeaux.  Pop.  8328.  It  has  a  communal  college, 
mineral  warm  baths,  nurseries  of  silk-worms,  and  mnim- 
facturcs  of  chemical  products,  wax,  oil,  woollen  ololhn 
blankets,  sail-cloth,  and  leather.  By  its  position  on  tlie 
navigable  river  Midouze,  it  has  become  an  cntrepOt  for 
wines,  brandies,  wool,  and  agricultural  produce. 

Montdidier,  m&N»'dee'de-i'  (L.  Mont  Detide'rii),  a 
town  of  France,  in  Somme,  21  miles  S.E.  of  Amiens.  Pop. 
4266.  It  has  remains  of  old  fortifications,  a  town  ball  a 
prison,  communal  college,  and  extensive  manufactures  of 
hosiery,  calico,  and  serge. 

Mont  Dor  (d'Or  or  Dore),  mbv  don,  a  group  of 
mountains  in  France,  comprised  in  the  mountains  of  Au< 
vergne,  department  of  Puy-de-D6me.  Lat.  45°  32'  N. ; 
Ion.  2°  50'  E.  The  principal  summit  is  the  Pic  de  Sancy, 
6188  feet  in  elevation.  These  mountains  contain  many 
volcanic  products  and  some  craters.  The  rivers  Dor  and 
Dogne  have  their  sources  here,  and  the  celebrated  mineral 
baths  of  Mont  Dor  are  situated  in  the  N.  of  the  mountains. 
The  Dor  Mountain  is  often  mistaken  for  the  Mont  d'Or,  io 
the  department  of  RbOnc. 

Montdragon,  or  Mondragon,  m&N<>Mr&^g65*'  (L. 
Mont  Draco'nit),  a  town  of  France,  in  Vaucluse,  on  the 
Lez,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Avignon.     Pop.  1474. 

Monte,  Los  Angeles  co.,  Cal.    See  El  Monte. 

Monte  Alcino,mon'ti&l-chee'no,  orMont-AIcino, 
mon-til-chee'no,  an  episcopal  city  of  Italy,  province  and 
20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Siena.  It  has  a  fine  catliedral  and  a 
castle.     Pop.  8741, 

Monte  Alegre,  mon'ti&-ld'grA,  a  town  of  Spain,  pror- 
ince  and  30  miles  S,E,  of  Albacete,    Pop.  2134. 

Munte-Alto,  monH&-&l'to,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Bahia,  comarca  of  Urabu. 

Monte-Aperto,  monHi-i-pfin'to,  a  village  of  Sicily, 
province  and  3  miles  W.N.W.  of  Girgenti, 

Monte  Argentaro,  Italy,    See  Argentaro, 

Montebello,  mon*t4-bfirio,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Vicenza,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Vicenza,  It  has  2  castles 
and  several  churches.     Pop.  4186, 

Montebello,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  province 
and  23  miles  E.N.E.  of  Alessandria, 

Montebello,  a  township  of  Hancock  co..  111.    P.  1111. 

Montebello,  mon'ti-bSl'lo,  a  post-village  in  Ottawa 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  Ottawa,  80  miles  W.  of  MontrcaL 
It  was  originally  inhabited  by  Indians.  It  contains  3  bo- 
tels  and  7  stores.     An  aqueduct  of  tamarack  logs  brings  a 

Euro  mountain-stream  into  the  village  and  8u])i)lies  every 
ouse  with  water.     Its  port  is  called  Major's.     Pop.  300. 

Montebelluna,  monHA-bSl-loo'ni,  a  market-town  of 
Italy,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Treviso.      Pop.  7906. 

Montebescaria,  monHi-bis-ki're-i,  or  Montebec- 
caria,  monHi-bdk-kJL're-i,  a  village  of  Piedmont,  division 
of  Alessandria,  7  miles  S.W,  of  Pavia.     Pop.  2641. 

Monte  Bianco,  the  Italian  name  of  Mont  Blanc. 

Montebourg,  m6N»H§h-booR'  (L.  Mon'tit  Dar'gut),  a 
town  of  France,  in  Mancho,  15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cherbourg. 
It  has  manufactures  of  ticking  and  leather.     Pop.  2119. 

Montecalvo,  monHA-kil'vo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Avellino,  14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Benevento.     Pop.  4426. 

Montecarlo,  monHi-kau'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Tus- 
cany, 30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Florence,  It  exporU  wine  and 
olives.     Pop.  7450. 

Mo'nte-Carotto,  monUi-kl-rot'to,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  24  miles  W.S.W,  of  Ancona,     Pop.  2627. 

Monte  Casino,  mon'ti  kl-see'no,  a  mountain  of 
Italy,  province  of  Caserta,  50  miles  N.W.  of  Naples,  with 
a  celebrated  abbey,  founded  A.D.  529,  in  which  originated 
the  order  of  the  Benedictines. 

Montecastello,  monHi-kis-til'lo,  a  village  of  Italy, 
4  miles  N.E.  of  Alessandria,  on  the  Tanaro.    Pop.  1200. 


MON 


1873 


MON 


n 

Hi  'isa. 


[ontecastrilli,  nionHi-k3,s-trcoriee,  a  town  of  Italy, 
ijfmbria,  14  miles  from  Terni.     Pop.  of  commune,  5078. 

[onte-Catini,  monHd-kd-tee'nee,  a  village  of  Italy, 
b  uscany,  29  miles  W.  of  Florence.  Pop.  6276.  It  has 
II  mal  springs  and  baths,  the  most  celebrated  in  Tuscany. 
Ifontecatini  di  Val  di  Nievole,  monH4-k4-tee'- 

dce  v41  de  ne-4'vo-14,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Florence,  S.E. 

•isa.    Pop.  3984. 

[onte  Cavallo.    See  Monte  Corno. 

[onte-Cavo,  or  Mount  Cavo.    See  Albano. 

[ontecchio,  mon-t5k'ke-o,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
oJ.eggio  neir  Emilia,  on  the  Enza,  8  miles  W.  of  Reggio. 

.  6100. 

(ontecchio  Maggiore,  mon-t5k'ke-o  m8,d-jo'r4,  a 

,ge  of  Italy,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Vicenza.     Pop.  4750. 

(onte  Cenisio,  the  Italian  name  of  Mont  Cenis. 

:!onte-Cerboli,monHA-ch6R'bo-le,  a  village  of  Italy, 

iuscany,  province  and  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pisa.  Near  it 
ufamous  borax-lagoons. 

iLontech,  m6s<'H3sh'  (L.  Montigium),  a  town  of  France, 
iijarn-et-Garonne,  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Montauban,  on  an 
»i|ent  of  the  Garonne.     Pop.  1814. 

Itontechiaro,  mon'ti-ke-i'ro,  a  market-town  of  Italy, 
itlombardy,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Brescia,  on  the  Chiese.  Pop. 
7:jl,  who  manufacture  silk  stuffs. 

f  ontechiaro  d'Asti,  monHi-ke-i'ro  dis'tee,  a  town 
Ofitaly,  27  miles  W.N.W.  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  2026. 

jiontechiarugolo,  monHd-ke-i-roo'go-lo,  a  village 
oljtaly,  province  and  10  mi'es  S.E.  of  Parma,  on  the 
E)i.    Pop.  4006. 

;(onte"Christi,  mon'ti-kris'tee,  a  town  of  Santo  Do- 
nijo,  on  its  N.  coast,  30  miles  E.  of  Cape  Ilaytien,  hear 
tlmouth  of  the  Grand- Yaque,  and  on  the  declivity  of  the 

ntain-range  of  Monte-Christi.     Pop.  3000. 

(onte-Christi,  orMonte-Cristi,  monHi-kris'tee, 
a  irn  of  Ecuador,  96  miles  N.W.  of  Guayaquil. 

Lonte-Christo,   monH4-kris'to    (anc.    Oglasa),    an 

d  of  Italy,  in  the  Mediterranean,  province  of  Siena, 
2|iile3  S.  of  Elba. 

onte  Compatri,  mon'ti  kom-p8,'tree,  a  town  of 

',  in  Rome,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Frascati.     Pop.  3397. 

onte  Corno,  mftn'ti  k6R'no,  or  Monte  Cavallo, 

'ti  ki-v3,rio,  called  also   Gran  Sasso  d'ltalia, 
sis'so  de-t3,'le-il  (the  "  Great  Rock  of  Italy"),  a  moun- 

of  Italy,  70  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rome,  lat.  42°  27'  N., 

13°  38'  E.     It  is  one  of  the  highest  peaks  of  the  Apen- 

i,  its  summit  being  9519  feet  above  sea-level.     Snow 

m  it  nine  months  in  the  year. 

ontecorvino  Pugliauo,  monHi-kor-vee'no  pool- 

0,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  17  miles  E.  of  Salerno, 

mineral  springs.     Pop.  5325. 

ontecorvino  Rovella,  monH4-kor-vee'no  ro-vel'- 
town  of  Italy,  province  and  14  miles  E.  of  Salerno. 

6630. 

ontecosaro,  mon'ti-ko-si'ro,  a  village  of  Italy, 

Macerata.     Pop.  3128. 

ontecrestese,  monHi-krSs-ti'si,  a  village  of  Italy, 

ovara,  6  miles  from  Domo  d'Ossola.     Pop.  1287. 

onteciicculo ,  monHi-kook'koo-lo,  a  village  of  North 

,  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Modena. 

onte-della-Sibilla,    mon't4-dSria-se-biri&,    one 

e  Apennine  mountains  of  Italy,  province  of  Perugia, 

28  miles  N.E.  of  Spoleto.     Height,  7212  feet. 

ontedoro,  monHi-do'ro,  a  village  of  Sicily,  5  miles 

y  S.  of  Serra  di  Falco.     Pop.  2089. 

ontefalcione,  mon'ti-fill-cho'ni,  a  village  of  Italy, 

nee  and  5  miles  N.E.  of  Avellino.     Pop.  3192. 

ontefaico,  monHi-fil'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  sragia,  14  miles  N.N.W.  of  Spoleto.     Pop.  5146. 

iontefalcone,  monH4-fa,l-ko'n4,  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  .mpobasso,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Larino.     Pop.  3230. 

onte-Fano,  monH4-f3,'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
tttiij  miles  N.  of  Macerata.     Pop.  3678. 

'intefiascone,  monH4-fe-as-ko'n4,  a  town  of  Cen- 
tn  Italy,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Vitcrbo.  Pop.  7397.  It 
8t<  Is  on  a  hill  occupying  the  site  of  an  ancient  Etruscan 
cil  of  which  some  remains  exist ;  its  cathedral  cupola, 
»J  weral  other  buildings,  are  the  works  of  San  Micheli. 

«t  wine  is  made  here. 

antefiorino,  monHi-fee-o-ree'no,  a  town  of  Italy, 
F  noe  of  Modena,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Parma.     Pop.  6906. 

9nteforte,  monHi-fon'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  14  miles 
Verona.     Pop.  4515. 

9nteforte,  a  market-town  of  Italy,  province   of 
ino,  5  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Avellino.     Pop.  4465. 
jDntefortino,  monHA-for-tee'no,  a  village  of  Italy, 
Pn  nee  and  28  miles  S.E.  of  Rome.    Pop.  3952. 


T 


P' 


Monte-Frio,  monHi-free'o,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  22  miles  W.N.W.  of  Granada.  It  has  8  flour-  and  7 
oil-mills,  3  manufactories  of  soft  soap,  a  brandy-distillery, 
and  4  fulling-mills.     Pop.  4899. 

Montcfusco,  monH4-foos'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Avellino,  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  the  city  of  Avellino. 
It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  stuffs.     Pop.  2168. 

Monte  Gennaro,  Italy.    See  Genaro. 

Montegicar,  a  town  of  Spain.     See  Mo.vtejicak. 

Monte- Giorgio,  monH4-joR'jo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the 
Marches,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Fermo.     Pop.  4936. 

Montcgo  (mon-tee'go)  Bay,  a  seaport  town  of  Ja- 
maica, in  the  county  of  Cornwall,  on  the  N.  coast.  Lat. 
18°  29'  24"  N. ;  Ion.  77°  56'  W.  It  has  a  court-house,  7 
churches,  a  synagogue,  a  bank,  and  2  or  3  weekly  papers. 
Much  sugar,  rum,  ginger,  and  coffee  are  produced  in  the 
vicinity.     Pop.  6000. 

Monte-Granaro,  monHd-gri-ni'ro,  a  village  of  Italy, 
in  the  Marches,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Fermo.     Pop.  4342. 

Montegrosso  d'Asti,  monHi-gros'so  das'tee,  a  town 
of  Italy,  in  Alessandria,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Asti.     Pop.  2510. 

Mouteliermoso,  monHi-dR-mo'so,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  52  miles  N.  of  Caccres.     Pop.  2895. 

Monteith,  or  Menteith,  mon-teeth',  a  picturesque 
district  of  Scotland,  in  the  S.W.  part  of  tlie  co.  of  Perth, 
on  the  Teith.     Length,  about  24  miles. 

Monteith  (or  Menteith),  Port  op,  a  village  and 
parish  of  Scotland,  8  miles  AV.  of  Doune.     Pop.  1243. 

Monteith,  mon-teeth',  a  station  of  Chatham  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  Savannah  A  Charleston  Railroad,  13J  miles  N.  of 
Savannah. 

Monteith,  a  post-oflSce  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad,  at  the  terminus  of  the 
Monteith  <fc  Allegan  Railroad,  32  miles  S.  of  Grand  Rapids. 

Montejaque,  mon-ti-H4'k4,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
of  Malaga,  4  miles  W.  of  Ronda.     Pop.  2042. 

Montejicar,  Montegicar,  or  Montexicar,  mon- 
ti-ne-kaR',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  27  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Granada.     Pop.  2610. 

Monteleone,  raonH4-li-o'n4  (anc.  Hippo'nium  or  Ft'- 
bo),  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Catanzaro,  11  miles  E. 
of  Tropea.  Pop.  11,840.  It  stands  on  the  slope  of  a  hill, 
commanded  by  a  fine  old  castle. 

Monteleone,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Avellino,  7 
miles  S.W.  of  Bovino.     Pop.  3770. 

Montelepre,  mon-ti-li'pr4,  a  town  of  Sicily,  13  miles 
W.  of  Palermo.  Many  rare  coins  and  fossils  have  been 
here  obtained.     Pop.  5706. 

Mont  Elie,  mont  4-lee',  a  post-village  in  St.  Maurice 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  Yamachiche  River,  18  miles  N.  of  Yam- 
achiche.     Pop.  109. 

Mont^limar,  m6N»HiMee^maR'  (anc.  Mona  Adhe- 
mari .'),  a  city  of  France,  department  of  Drome,  26  miles 
S.  of  Valence,  on  the  Roubion,  and  on  the  railway  from 
Lyons  to  Avignon.  Pop.  9512.  It  has  a  communal  col- 
lege, rich  vineyards,  plantations  of  mulberry  trees,  and 
manufactures  of  hats,  leather,  silk,  wine,  and  almond-cakes. 

Monteila,  mon-tSl'l4,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Avellino.     Pop.  7650. 

Montellano,  mon-tfil-yi'no,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  32  miles  S.S.E.  of  Seville.     Pop.  4791. 

Montel'Io,  a  station  in  Elko  co.,  Nev.,  on  the  Central 
Pacific  Railroad,  52  miles  E.N.E.  of  Wells. 

Montello,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Marquette  co.,  Wis., 
in  Montello  township,  on  Fox  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Montello  River,  near  the  E.  end  of  Buffalo  Lake,  about  45 
miles  W.  of  Fond  du  Lac,  and  22  miles  N.N.E.  of  Portage 
City.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  oflice,  2  flour-mills, 
and  a  woollen-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  761 ;  of  township,  1177. 

Montelovez,  a  town  of  Mexico.    See  Cohahuila. 

Montelupo,  monHi-loo'po,  a  market-town  of  Italy,  12 
miles  AV.S.AV.  of  Florence,  on  the  Arno.     Pop.  1370. 

Monte  Lupone,  mon'ti  loo-po'n4,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  6i  miles  N.N.E.  of  Macerata.     Pop.  3960. 

Monte  Maggiore,  mon'td.  m&d-jo'r4,  a  market-town 
of  Sicily,  29  miles  S.E.  of  Palermo.     Pop.  7004. 

Monteinagno,  monHA-min'yo,  a  town  of  Italy,  15 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  2894, 

Montemaie,  monHi-mi'l4,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
of  Coni,  in  the  valley  of  the  Grana.     Pop.  1344. 

Montemarano,  monH4-mS.-r4'no,  a  town  and  bishop'a 
see  of  Italy,  10  miles  E.  of  Avellino.     Pop.  2684. 

Monte>Marciano,  monHi-maR-ch4'no,  a  market- 
town  of  Central  Italy,  in  the  province  of  Ancona,  10  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Ancona.     Pop.  4328. 

Monte-Mayor,  monH4-mi-oR',  a  town  of  Spain,  proT« 
iuce  and  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cordova.    Pop.  31 40. 


MON 


1874 


UON 


Monte'llIilcttOt  monH^-me-lAt'to,  a  town  of  Itaiy, 
province  and  9  miloa  N.E.  of  Avellino.     Pop.  372S. 

MontomilonOf  mon^ti-ino-lo'ni,  a  markot-town  of 
lUh',  provinoo  of  Uosilionta,  0  miles  E.N.E.  of  Vcnosa. 

Moiitemolin,  inon-t4-ino-Ieon',  a  village  of  Spain, 
in  Kxtroumdurii,  00  uiiles  S.E.  of  Uodajoa.     Pop.  2955. 
Montcinor,  a  town  of  Brazil.    See  Mamanouape. 
Alontcmurelos,  Mexico.    See  Mohelos. 
MontCoiUoreiio,  mon^tA-ino-HL'no,  a  conical   moun- 
tain of  Brazil,  forming  a  promontory  on  the  S.  of  the  Bay 
of  Espirito  Santo. 

Montemor-Novo,  mon-ti-mOn'-no'ro,  a  town  of 
Brazil,  province  and  00  miles  S.  of  Cear&.     Pop.  2UUU. 

Montemor-o-Novo,  mon-ti-mOn'-o-no'vo  ("New 
Montoinor"),  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Alemtejo,  22  miloa 
W.N.W.  of  Evora.     Pop.  3753. 

Montemor-O'Velho,  mon-ti-mSB'-o-vSl'yo  ("Old 
Monteiuor"),  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  on  the  Mondogo, 
12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Coimbra.     Pop.  2201. 

Montemurro,  monH4-mooR'Ro,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  24  miles  S.S.E.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  4025. 

Montenaiien,  mon't^-njl'kfn,  or  Inontenaelten, 
mon't^-nd^k^n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Limbourg,  15  miles 
6.S.W.  of  Uassolt.  It  is  an  ancient  place,  and  is  memo- 
rable for  a  great  battle  fought  in  its  vicinity,  in  1213,  be- 
tween the  Li6geois  and  the  Brabanyons,  when  the  latter 
were  defeated  with  a  loss  of  3000  killed  and  4U00  prisoners. 

Montendre,  m6N<>Hi.vd'r',  a  town  of  Vranco,  in  Cha- 
rente-Inf6rioure,  11  miles  S.  of  Jonzac.     Pop.  1134. 

MoutenegrO)  monHi-ni'gro,  i.e.,  "  black  mountain" 
(Turk.  A'rt ra(/a(/A,  ki'riMig' ;  native,  Cernoijora  or  Tzer- 
iiogora,  tzfin'no-go'rj,),  a  small  independent  country  of 
Europe,  between  lat.  42°  and  43°  N.  nnd  Ion.  18°  41'  and 
20°  22'  E.,  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Herzegovina  and  Austrian 
Albania  (Cattaro),  and  on  the  other  sides  by  Turkish  Al- 
bania and  the  sea.  Area,  3738  square  miles.  The  sur- 
face forms  a  series  of  elevated  ridges  of  limestone  rocks, 
with  lofty  mountain-peaks,  some  of  which  are  5000  or 
6000  feet  in  elevation,  and  are  generally  covered  with 
valuable  timber.  In  ancient  times  this  country  formed 
part  of  Illyricum ;  it  was  afterwards  a  district  of  Sorvia. 
The  chief  families  of  Montenegro  have  been  educated  in 
St.  Petersburg  and  appointed  to  grades  in  the  Russian 
army,  and  the  annual  tribute  formerly  duo  to  the  Porte  was 
long  paid  by  a  remittance  from  the  Emperor  of  Russia. 
The  people  are  of  Slavic  race  and  of  the  Greek  faith. 
The  country  was,  in  1697,  freed  from  Turkish  rule  by  the 
prince-bishop,  or  Vladika.  In  1851  the  ruler  abandoned 
the  episcopal  office,  and  became  hospodar  or  civil  prince, 
and  at  the  same  time  declared  his  independence  complete. 
In  1878,  after  a  long  series  of  brave  struggles,  Montenegro 
was  recognized  as  a  sovereign  state,  and  by  the  Congress  of 
Berlin  her  area  was  more  than  doubled.  Capital,  Cettinje. 
Chief  town  and  seaport,  Antivari.     Pop.  236,000. 

Ittontenero,  raonHi-ni'ro,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
ef  Molise,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Larino.     Pop.  3500. 

Montenotte^  monUi-not't&,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Ales- 
sandria, 26  miles  W.  of  Genoa,  in  the  Apennines. 

Montcodorisio,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  MoNTODonisio. 

Monte»Pngano,  monHi-pi-gi'no,  a  town  of  Italy, 
near  the  Adriatic,  15  miles  E.  of  Teramo.     P.  4150. 

Montcpeloso,  monHA-pi-lo'so,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Basilicata,  24  miles  E.N.E.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  6327. 

Monte  Perdido,  the  Spanish  name  of  Mont  Perdu. 

Montepulciano,  mon-t4-pool-chi'no,  a  town  of  Cen- 
tral Italy,  province  of  Siena,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Arezzo.  Pop. 
13,160.  It  stands  on  a  mountain  enclosed  by  an  embattled 
wall.  Montepulciano  is  an  ancient  Etruscan  city,  and  has 
many  interesting  remains,  also  manufactures  of  oil,  soap, 
and  excellent  wine. 

Montereal)  the  Spanish  name  of  Montreal. 

Montereale,  monH4-ri-i'li,  a  fortified  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  14  miles  N.W.  of  Aquila.    Pop,  5345. 

Montcreau,  m6N»H§h-ro'  (anc.  Gonda'te,  or  Conda'te 
Seno'num),  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-et-Marne,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Seine  and  Yonno,  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Melun, 
on  the  railway  to  Troyes.  Pop.  6847.  It  has  extensive 
manufactories  of  opaque  porcelain,  sugar,  leather,  cement, 
Ac.    Steamers  ply  hence  to  Paris. 

Montereggione,  monH4-rdd-jo'ni,  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  Tuscany,  8  miles  from  Siena.     Pop.  of  commune,  3589. 

Monterey,  mon-t4-ra',  a  city  of  the  republic  of  Mexico, 
capital  of  the  state  of  Nuevo  Leon,  and  the  seat  of  a  Roman 
Catholic  bishop,  on  the  small  river  Santa  Catalina,  at  the 
head  of  a  large  and  beautiful  valley,  75  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
Saltillo,  250  miles  from  the  Rio  Grande,  and  700  miles  from 
the  city  of  Mexico.    Altitude,  1630  feet.    Lat.  25°  40'  6" 


N  ;  Ion.  100°  W.  It  has  a  civil  college,  a  seminary,  a 
6  churches  (5  Catholic  and  1  Presbyterian).  Montcrvy  «i 
first  settled  by  the  Spaniards  about  1509,  and  wa«  im 
metropolitan  city  in  1590.  It  has  w«ll-))aved  street*.  » 
houses  of  stone  in  the  Moorish  style  with  flat  roof*,  umj 
the  most  important  place  in  North  Mexico.  Near  it  i 
lead-,  copper-,  and  silver-mines.  Pop.  about  25,U0ll, 
was  taken  September  24,  1846,  by  the  United  States  an 
under  General  Taylor. 

Monterey,  mon-t^-rA',  a  county  of  California,  bor.l 
on  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Area,  3452  square  niile«.  It 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Coast  Rungo  of  inountiii 
and  is  intersected  by  the  Salinas  River,  and  also  druiri 
by  the  Carmel  and  San  Benito  Rivers.  The  surface 
diversified  with  mountains  and  three  long  fertile  vnlle 
named  Salinas,  San  Juan,  and  Carmel.  Extensive  fore 
of  pine  nnd  other  trees  grow  on  the  highlands.  The  tU] 
products  are  wheat,  barley,  wool,  cattle,  cheese,  and  In 
In  the  production  of  wool  this  county  has  held  a  liigh  rui 
Gold  is  said  to  be  found  in  it,  also  copper,  marble,  and  l« 
It  is  traversed  by  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  which  ca 
nects  with  Salinas,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  9876- 
1880,  11,302;  in  1890,  18,6;{7. 

Monterey,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Ala. 

Monterey,  a  post-village  of  Monterey  co.,  Cal., 
Monterey  Bay  (a  part  of  the  ocean),  94  miles  S.  by  E. 
San  Francisco.  It  is  a  terminus  of  the  Monterey  iSaiin 
Valley  Railroad.  Its  harbor  has  good  anchorage,  nnd 
protected  against  the  S.  wind,  but  is  exposed  on  the 
Monterey  was  the  capital  of  California  when  the  latter  w 
a  Mexican  province.     It  is  a  Catholic  bishop's  see,  anil  li 

1  or  2  churches  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  (ISMO)  16t 
Monterey,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calhoun  co.,  111.,  about 

miles  W.N.W.  of  Alton. 

Monterey,  a  hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  111.,  in  Bam 
township,  about  6  miles  E.S.E.  of  Canton.    It  has  a  cburt 

Monterey,  a  post-village  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ind.,  on  t 
Tippecanoe  River,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Winaniac.  It  ha« 
churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  planing-mill.     Pop,  21U 

Monterey,  a  post-hamlet  of  Davis  co.,  Iowa,  12  mi 
S.W.  of  Bloomfield. 

Monterey,  a  post-villago  of  OwAi  co.,  Ky.,  on  t 
Kentucky  River,  18  miles  N.  of  Frankfort.    It  has  a  chur< 

2  hotels,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  about  200. 
Monterey,  a  post-village  in  Monterey  township,  Bcr 

shire  co.,  Mass.,  36  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Springfield.    It  h 
several  saw-mills  and  a  church.     Pop.  of  township,  703. 

Monterey,  a  post-village  in  Monterey  township,  All 
gan  CO.,  Mich.,  about  27  miles  S.S.W.  of  Grand  Ilapids. 
has  a  church,  a  union  school,  and  a  wagon-shop.    Pop. 
township,  1240. 

Monterey,  a  post-bamlct  of  Rankin  co..  Miss.,  12  or 
miles  S.E.  of  Jackson. 

Monterey,  or  Orange,  a  post-village  in  Gran 
township,  Schuyler  co.,  N.Y.,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of  t 
mira.  It  has  3  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  a  grist-mill, 
saw-mill,  and  a  planing-mill.     Post-office,  Orange. 

Monterey,  a  village,  formerly  in  Westchester  eo.,  N.l 
since  1874  included  within  the  limits  of  New  York  Cit 
Pop.  about  200. 

Monterey,  a  post-village  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  about 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Cincinnati.     It  has  2  churches. 

Monterey,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  0.    Pop.  979. 

Monterey,  a  village  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on  tl 
Monongahela  River,  4  miles  above  Pittsburg. 

Monterey,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  2i  mil 
from  Topton  Station,  and  about  20  miles  N.N.B.  of  Rea 
ing.     It  has  a  church. 

Monterey,  Clarion  co.,  Pa.    See  West  Moxteret, 

Monterey,  a  post-office  of  Abbeville  co.,  S.C.,  12  mil 
W.N.W.  of  Abbeville  Court- House. 

Monterey,  a  post-hamlet  of  McNairy  co.,  Tcnn., 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Corinth,  Miss.     Near  it  are  2  churches,  j 

Monterey,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hill  co.,  Tex.,  35  miles  Ij 
by  W.  of  Waco.     It  has  2  churches. 

Monterey,  a  station  in  Marion  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Tesj 
&  Pacific  Railroad,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Jefferson. 

Monterey,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Highland  oc,  V« 
near  the  Alleghanies,  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Staunton, 
has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Monterey,  a  post-hamlet  in  Oconomowoo  townihi! 
Waukesha  co.,  Wis.,  on  Ashippun  Creek,  about  13  miles  11 
of  Watertown.     It  has  1  or  2  flour-mills. 

Monterey  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  eo^Pa, 
about  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Gettysburg. 

Monteroduni,  monHi-ro-doo'nee,  a  town  of  Italy,  ij 
Campobasso,  4  miles  S.  of  Isernia.     Pop.  3158. 


MON 


1875 


MON" 


lonteroni,  monHi-ro'nee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
„  5  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lecce.     Pop.  of  commune,  3005. 

lonteroni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  10  miles 
f  .  of  Siena.     Pop.  of  commune,  2721. 

ionte  Rosa,  mon'ti  ro'si,  a  mountain  of  the  Pen- 
r  e  Alps,  inferior  in  elevation  only  to  Mont  Blanc,  from 
,'eh  it  is  distant  50  miles  E.N.E.,  on  the  boundary  be- 
t  en  the  Valais  and  Piedmont.  Lat.  45°  56'  1"  N. ;  Ion. 
►  -,2'  10"  E.  Height  of  its  principal  summit  estimated 
r  5  20S  feet.  It  sends  out  ramifications  to  all  the  cardinal 
1  Its,  its  loftiest  pcalis  being  on  its  N.  and  S.  limbs. 

lonte-Rosso,  mon^i-ros'so,  a  town  of  Sicily,  prov- 
i ;  and  27  miles  W.N.W.  of  Syracuse,     Pop.  7207. 

lonte-Rosso,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Catan- 
i ),  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Monteleone.     Pop.  2753. 
ionterosso,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Genoa,  4 
)  cs  from  Levanto.     Pop.  1481. 

Ionterosso,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Coni,  on 
t  Qrana.     Pop.  1740. 

ilonte-Rotondo,  mon'ti-ro-ton'do,  a  town  of  Italy, 
:  miles  S.S.W.  of  Kieti.     Pop.  3730. 
ionte  Rotondo,  one  of  the  loftiest  mountains  of 
(  sica,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Ajaccio.     Height,  8763  feet. 
Ilonte-Rubbiano,   monHi-roob-yi'no,  a  town   of 
:  ly,  province  and  5  miles  S.  of  Fermo.     Pop.  2924. 
(ionterubio,  monHd-noo'be-o,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
:  0  and  78  miles  E.S.E.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  3466. 
ttontesa,  mon-ti'sl,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  38 
OS  S.  of  Valencia. 

flonte  San  Giovanni  Campana,  mon'ti  sin  jo- 
I'nee  kim-pi'ni,  a  walled  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
lie,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Frosinone.     Pop.  6988. 
Hontc  San  Giuliano,  mon'ti  sin  joo-le-i'no,  or  Old 
apani,  tri-pi'nee,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  of  Tra- 
il, on  a  high  mountain  (the  ancient  E'ri/x),  27  miles 
N'.E.  of  Marsala.     Pop.  13,369.     It   is   enclosed   by  a 
ipidated  wall,  and  its  churches  and  convents  are  mostly 
ruins.    On  the  mountain  Eryx  once  stood  a  temple  of 
nus,  of  which  a  few  granite  pillars  remain. 
'ttontcsano,  monHi-si'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
l-Salcrno,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Diano.     Pop.  6193. 
iMontesano,  mon-te'si-no,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
fchalis  CO.,  Washington,  on  the  Chehalis  River,  12  miles 
m  its  mouth,  and  about  42  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Olympia. 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  1632. 
ttonte  San  Savino,  mon'ti  sin  si-vce'no,  a  town 
Italy,  in  Tuscany,  12   miles  S.S.W.  of  Arezzo,     Pop. 
!fl.    It  stands  on  a  lofty  hill  enclosed  by  walls. 
VIonte  Santa  Maria,  mon'ti  sin'ti  mi-ree'i,  a  town 
Italy,  province  and  25  miles  N.N.W.  of  Perugia,     Pop. 
JO. 

Monte  Sant'  Angelo,  mon'ti  sint  in'ji-lo,  a  town 
Italy,  on  the  S.  slope  of  Mount  Gargano,  province  and 
I  miles  N.E.  of  Foggia.  Pop.  17,242,  It  has  a  castle 
ji  remains  of  a  Roman  temple, 

Monte  Santo,  a  mountain  of  Turkey.    See  Athos, 
iHonte-Santo,  monHi-sin'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ie  and  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Macerata,  on  a  hill  near  the 
riatic,  where  it  has  a  small  haven.     Pop.  6500. 
Monte-Santo,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  210  miles 
W.  of  Bahia. 

Monte- Sarchio,  monHi-sau'ke-o,  a  town  of  Italy, 
)vince  and  13  miles  N.N.W.  of  Avellino.     Pop.  C68S. 
'.Honte-Scaglioso,  monHi-skil-yo'so,  a  town  of  Italy, 
Basilicata,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Matera.     Pop.  7089. 
Jlonte-Scudajo,mon'ti-skoo-di'yo,  a  village  of  Italy, 
mnce  of  Pisa,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Leghorn.     Pop.  1390, 
Uonte-Scudo,  mon^ti-skoo'do,  a  town  of   Italy,  9 
leg  S.S.E.  of  Rimini.     Pop.  2759. 

Montesc,  mon-ti'si,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Mo- 
la.    Pop.  5313. 

Hontes  Hanoniae,  the  ancient  name  of  Mons. 
Honte-Silvano,  monHi-sil-vi'no,  a  village  of  Italy, 
mnce  of  Teramo,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Pescara.     Pop.  3658, 
[Monte  Silvio,  Europe.    See  Most  Ceisvin, 
Mon'tesperto'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Flor- 
!e,  S.W.  of  the  city  of  Florence.     It  consists  of  the  vil- 
;e  of  Montespertoli  (pop.  1899)  and  some  adjacent  ham- 
8,  and  has  manufactures  of  straw  hats.     Pop.  9135. 
[Montesquieu,  m6NoH6s'ke-uh',  a  town  of  France,  in 
rs,  10  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Auch.     Pop.  1800. 
ttontesquieu-Lauragais,m6N<»H6s'ke-uh'-lo'ri'gi', 
:own  of  France,  in  Haute-Garonne,  28  miles  S.S.W.  of 
ulouse,  on  the  Arize.     Pop.  1319. 
Montesquieu -Volvestre,      m6NoHSs'ke-trb'-vor- 
rtV,  a  town  of  France,  in  Garonne,  29  miles  S.  of  Tou- 
ise.    It  has  woollen-mills.    Pop.  2481. 


Montesson,  m6NoH5s's6x"',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Seine-et-Oise,  arrondissement  of  Versailles.     Pop.  1515. 

Monteu-du-Po,  mdNo'tuh'-dli-po,  a  village  of  Italy, 
18  miles  N.E.  of  Turin,  on  the  Po,     Pop,  1166. 

Monteu-Roero,  m6N»-tuh'-ro'iVo',  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  of  Coni,  3  miles  from  Canalc.     Pop.  2672. 

Monteux,  m6vHuh'  (L.  Montilii),  a  town  of  France, 
in  Vauclusc,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Avignon.     Pop.  2262, 

Monte-Vago,  monHi-vi'go,  a  town  of  Italy,  Sicily, 
province  of  Girgenti,  on  the  Belici,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Sciacca. 
Pop.  3139. 

MonUeval'io,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Selma,  Rome  &  Dalton  Railroad,  55  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Selma,  and  about  30  miles  S.  of  Birmingham.  It  has  4 
churches,  2  colleges,  a  tannery,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a 
woollen-mill.     Coal  is  mined  near  this  place.     Pop.  800. 

Montevallo,  a  post-village  in  Montevallo  township, 
Vernon  co..  Mo.,  about  36  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Fort  Scott,  Kan- 
sas. It  has  a  steam  flouring-mill  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1349. 

Montevarchi,  monHi-van'kee,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  24  miles  S.E.  of  Florence,  on  the  Arno.  Pop, 
9678.  It  is  commanded  by  a  castle  on  a  neighboring  height, 
and  has  a  college,  manufactures  of  silk  twist,  woollen  stutfs, 
(fcc.     Here  is  the  museum  of  the  Academy  Val  d'Ancesc. 

Monte- Vecchio,  mon"ti-v6k'ke-o,  a  village  of  Italy, 
in  the  Marches,  4  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pergola. 

Monte- Velino,  monHi-vi-Iee'no,  a  mountain  of  Cen- 
tral Italy,  province  of  Aquila,  N.W.  of  Lago  Fucino,  is 
8174  feet  high,  and  one  of  the  principal  summits  of  the 
Apennines. 

Monteverde,  monHi-vjR'di,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Avellino,  on  the  Ofanto,  19  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sant' 
Angelo  dei  Lombard!.     Pop.  2325. 

Monte-Verde,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  40 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Pisa. 

Monteverde  Islands,  a  group  in  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
Caroline  Islands,  in  lat.  3°  27'  N.,  Ion.  156°  E.,  consisting 
of  60  low  islets,  named  after  their  discoverer  in  1806. 

Monte-Vettolini,  monHi-vfit-to-lee'nee,  a  town  of 
Italy,  16  miles  AV.N.W,  of  Florence.     Pop.  2000. 

Montevideo,  monHo-vid'e-o  (Sp.  pron.  monUi-ve-ni'o ; 
Port.  Monte  Veo,  mon'ti  vi'o),  a  seaport  city  and  capital 
of  the  republic  of  Uruguay,  on  a  peninsula  in  the  estuary 
of  the  Plata,  105  miles  E.S.E.  of  Buenos  Ayres.  Lat.  34° 
53'  S.;  Ion.  56°  15'  W.  It  is  the  terminus  of  2  railway 
lines,  and  has  street  railways,  well-paved  streets,  gas-  and 
water-works,  dry-docks,  <tc.  It  is  situated  on  a  gentle  ele- 
vation at  the  extremity  of  a  small  peninsula,  and  is  sur- 
rounded by  a  strong  wall,  mounted  with  guns,  and  further 
defended  by  a  citadel,  with  bulwarks  and  batteries.  It  is 
well  and  regularly  built,  and  has  a  cathedral,  a  castle,  and 
the  governor's  residence.  Climate  damp ;  the  heat  of 
summer  is  oppressive,  and  storms  are  frequent.  Its  port, 
open  to  the  S.AV.,  is  the  best  on  the  Plata.  It  exports 
bides,  beef,  butter,  hair,  feathers,  and  other  animal  prod- 
ucts, with  Chilian  copper  and  Paraguay  tea.  Imports  con- 
sist chiefly  of  cottons,  woollens,  and  hardware,  flour,  wines, 
colonial  produce,  salt,  and  manufactured  goods.   Pop.  91,167, 

MoiiHevid'eo,a  post-village,  capital  of  Chippewa  co., 
Minn.,  in  Sparta  township,  on  the  Minnesota  River,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Chippewa  River,  and  on  the  Hastings  <fc  Da. 
kota  Railroad,  83  miles  W.  of  Glencoe,  and  30  miles  S.  by 
W,  of  Benson.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
cheese  and  flour.     Pop.  in  1890,  1437, 

Montevideo,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co.,  Va.,  6 
miles  E.  of  Pleasant  Valley  Depot,  which  is  5  miles  S.  of 
Harrisonburg.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  woollen-factory. 

Monte-Viso,  monHi-vee'so,  one  of  the  principal  sum- 
mits of  the  Alps,  at  the  junction  of  their  Maritime  and  Cot- 
tian  divisions,  40  miles  S.W.  of  Turin.  Elevation,  12,585 
feet. 

Mon'te  Vis'ta,  a  post-office  of  Sumner  co..  Miss. 

Montexicar,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Montejicar. 

Montez,  Cass  co.,  Ind.    See  Clymer's  Junction. 

MonHezu'ma,  township,  Solano  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  347. 

Montezuma,  a  decayed  post-village  of  Tuolumne  co., 
Cal.,  about  48  miles  E.  of  Stockton.  Gold  is  found  hero. 
Pop.  150. 

Montezuma,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Sum- 
mit CO.,  Col.,  in  the  Middle  Park,  about  65  miles  W.  by  S. 
of  Denver.     It  has  several  quartz-mills  and  silver-mines. 

Montezuma,  a  post-village  of  Macon  eo.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Flint  River,  and  on  the  Southwestern  Railroad,  22  miles 
N.E.  of  Americus,  and  49  miles  S.W.  of  Macon.  It  has  a 
church,  a  banking-house,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  a  carriage-factory.    Pop.  about  750. 


MON 


1876 


MON 


Montezuma,  a  post-village  in  Montezuma  township, 
Pike  CO.,  III.,  on  tho  W.  bank  of  the  Illinois  lliver,  23  inilos 
6.W.  of  Jaoksonville.  It  has  a  church.  Much  grain  is 
shipped  hore.  The  township  contains  a  larger  vilUige, 
OAinod  Milton,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1498. 

Montezuma,  a  post-village  in  Rosorro  township, 
Parke  co.,  Ind.,  on  tho  Wabash  River,  25  miles  N.  of  Torre 
Haute,  and  86  inilos  E.  of  Dooatur,  111.  It  is  the  £.  ter- 
minus of  the  Indiana  <fc  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  which 
oonneots  here  with  the  Anderson,  Lebanon  A  St.  Louis 
Railroad.  The  Evansvillo,  Torre  Haute  A  Chicago  Rail- 
road is  on  the  opposite  bank  of  the  river.  It  has  2 
churchoii,  a  steam  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  fine  rail- 
road bridge  across  the  river.     Pop.  in  1890,  fl58. 

Montezuma,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Poweshiek  oo., 
Iowa,  in  Jackson  township,  about  62  miles  E.  of  Des 
Moines,  and  44  miles  N.  of  Ottumwa.  It  contains  4 
cliui'clics,  2  banks,  and  a  newspaper  office.  It  is  on  the 
Qrinnell  &  Montezuma  Railroad.     Pop.  in  1890,  1062. 

Montezuma,  a  post-village  in  Montezuma  township, 
Cayuga  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Seneca  River,  and  on  the  Erie 
C4vnal,  about  10  miles  N.W.  of  Auburn.  The  navigable 
outlet  of  Cayuga  Lake  hore  connects  with  the  Erie  Canal. 
Tho  Seneca  River  here  flows  through  a  large  swampy  tract 
called  the  Cayuga  (or  Montezuma)  Marshes.  It  has  4 
churches.     Pop.  473 ;  of  the  township,  1398. 

Montezuma,  a  post-village  in  Franklin  township, 
Mercer  co.,  0.,  about  30  miles  S.W.  of  Lima.  It  is  on  the 
Reservoir,  an  artificial  lake,  which  covers  17,000  acres.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  drain-tiles. 

Montezuma,  a  post-village  of  McNairy  co.,  Tenn., 
about  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Jackson.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  steam  flouring-mill. 

Montezuma  Junction.    See  Qrinnell  Junction. 

Montfaucon,  m6K»^fo^k6N>',  a  village  of  Franco,  in 
Lot,  17  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cahors.     Pop.  2070. 

Montfaucon,  a  village  of  France,  in  Ilaute-Loiro,  20 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Le  Puy.  Pop.  1047.  Montfaucon  is  also 
tho  name  of  a  suburb  of  Paris. 

Mont-Fcrrand,  France.    See  Clermont-Ferrand. 

Montferrat,  mont-ffia-Rit'  or  m6N»^f6R^Ri',  an  old 
marquisate  of  Northern  Italy,  is  now  comprised  in  the 
provinces  of  Alessandria,  Coni,  Turin,  Novara,  and  Genoa. 
Its  capital  was  Casale. 

Montferrier,  m6N<>^fdR^Re-&',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Ari6ge,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Foix.     Pop.  1847. 

Montferrier,  a  village  of  France,  in  H6rauU,  arron- 
dissement  of  Montpellier. 

MontAanquin,  a  town  of  France.    See  Monflanquin. 

Montfoort,  mont'font,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Utrecht,  on  the  Yssel.     Pop.  1837. 

Montfort,  mdN^^foR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Landes,  11 
miles  E.  of  Dax.     I'op.  1634. 

Mont'fort,  or  Wing'viUe,  a  post-village  in  Wing- 
ville  township.  Grant  co..  Wis.,  20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Min- 
eral Point.  It  has  a  church.  Lead  and  zinc  are  mined 
here.  Pop.  about  300.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is 
Montfort. 

Montfort-Lamaury,  miw^foR'-li'mS^ree'  (L.  Moru 
For'tis  Amalar'ici),  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-et-Oise,  14 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Versailles.     Pop.  1658. 

Montfort-snr-Meu,  m6N»^foR'-8iiR-muh  (L.  Mont 
For'tii),  a  town  of  France,  in  lUe-et-Vilaine,  13  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Rennes,  on  tho  Meu.     Pop.  1507. 

Montfrin,  m6No*fri,No',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gard,  11 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Nlmes.     Pop.  2328. 

Montgellafrey,  m^No^zhfirii'fri',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Savoy,  near  Saint-Jean  de  Maurienne.     Pop.  1000. 

Mont  Genfevre,  mds"  zh§h-naiv'r',  one  of  the  most  re- 
markable summits  of  the  Cottian  Alps,  between  the  French 
department  of  Hautes-Alpes  and  Italy,  11,614  feet  in  ele- 
vation. It  is  crossed  by  a  route  constructed  by  Napoleon, 
at  an  elevation  of  6560  feet. 

Montgiscard,  mdN^^zhees^kaR',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Haute-Garonne,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Villefranche,  on  the  Canal 
du  Midi.     Pop.  1202. 

Montgomery,  mont-gflm'^r-e,  or  Montgomery- 
shire, mont-giim'§r-e-shir,  a  county  of  Wales,  having  on 
the  N.  the  cos.  of  Alerioneth  and  Denbigh,  E.  Salop,  S. 
Radnor,  and  W.  Cardigan.  Area,  758  square  miles,  half 
of  which  is  uncultivated.  Surface  very  mountainous,  but 
intersected  by  some  fertile  sheltered  vales,  and  well  wooded. 
The  mountain  Plinlimmon  is  partly  in  this  county.  Prin- 
cipal rivers,  the  Severn,  Vyrnwy,  Wye,  and  Dee,  which 
rise  in  the  county.  Agriculture  is  much  improved ;  the 
mountains  are  chiefly  in  sheep-walks.  The  pure  breed  of 
Welsh  ponies  is  still  preserved  in  this  oounty.    Slate  forms 


the  general  basis  of  the  mountains,  and  is  the  prinoipal 
mineral  wrought.  The  county  is  the  chief  seat  of  th« 
Welsh  flannel-manufacture.  Principal  towns,  Montgomery 
Welshpool,  Newtown,  and  Llanfyllin.  The  county  aendt 
one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons,  and  one  is  tent  bv 
its  boroughs.     Pop.  (1891)  58,003.  ' 

Montgomery,  a  borough  of  Wales,  copital  of  the 
above  county,  on  a  railway,  and  on  the  Severn,  22  miles 
S.W.  of  Shrewsbury.  It  has  a  church  (a  venerable  cruci- 
form pile),  a  guild  hall,  a  county  jail  and  house  of  correc- 
tion, and  remains  of  a  ftately  Norman  castle.  With  con- 
tributory boroughs  it  sends  one  member  to  the  House  of 
Commons.  In  tho  vicinity  are  the  remains  of  a  Britiih 
camp,  also  of  Chorbury  Priory,  founded  in  the  reiirn  of 
King  John.     Pop.  (18UI)  1098. 

Montgomery,  mont-gum'^r-e,  a  district  of  India,  in 
the  Mooltan  division,  Punjab.  Area,  5573  square  milM. 
IW  359,437. 

Montgomery,  mont-gHra'^r-e,  a  county  in  tbe  8.B. 
part  of  Alabama,  has  an  area  of  about  772  squnre  milei. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Alabama  and  Tallapoosa 
Rivers,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Coloina  nnd  Pintlala 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level.  Tho 
soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  arc  tho  staple 
products.  Of  cotton  this  county  has  in  some  years  produced 
more  bales  than  any  other  county  in  the  state.  It  is  Inter- 
sected by  tbe  Alabama  Midland  Railroad,  the  Louisville  k 
Nashville  Railroad,  the  Central  of  Georgia  Railroad,  the 
Savannah,  Amcricus  &  Montgomery  Ruilroud,  and  the 
Western  Railroad  of  Alabama.  Capital,  Montgomery,  which 
is  also  the  capital  of  the  state.  Pop.  in  1870,  43,704:  ia 
1880,  52,:i56;  in  1890,  56,172. 

Montgomery,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Arkan»ai, 
has  an  area  of  about  834  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
tho  Ouachita  River,  which  runs  through  tho  N.  central  part 
of  the  county  from  W.  to  E.,  and  by  Caddo  Creek  and  other 
small  affluents  of  that  river.  The  surface  is  hilly,  diver- 
sificd  by  ridges  called  the  Crystal  Mountains,  and  extcn- 
sively  covered  with  forests  of  oak,  beech,  magnolia,  <to.  The 
soil  produces  Indian  corn  and  grass.  This  county  has 
extensive  mines  of  rock  crystal.  Lead  and  limestone  are 
also  found  here.  Capital,  Mount  Ida.  Pop.  in  1870,  2984; 
in  1880,  5729;  in  1890,  7923. 

Montgomery,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of 
Georgia,  has  an  area  of  763  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Oconee  River,  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Ocuiulgoe 
River  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Little  Ocmulgcc,  and  is  also 
drained  by  Pendleton's  Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level, 
nnd  is  mostly  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  sandy  and 
inferior.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Savannah, 
Americus  &  Montgomery  Railroad,  which  connects  with 
Mount  Vernon,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  3386;  in  1880, 
5381;  in  1890,  9248. 

Montgomery,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Illi- 
nois, has  an  area  of  about  702  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  East  and  West  Forks  of  Shoal  Creek.  The  surface 
is  undulating,  and  diversified  with  prairies  and  woodlands. 
Among  the  forest  trees  are  several  species  of  oak,  the 
hickory,  black  walnut,  &c.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  has  valuable  deposits  of  bituminous  coal.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Wabash  Railroad,  the  Cleveland,  Cia- 
cinnati,  Chicago  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad,  the  Jacksonville 
Southeastern  Railroad,  and  the  Toledo,  St.  Louis  k  Kansas 
City  Railroad.  Capital,  Hillsborough.  Pop.  in  1870, 25,314; 
in  1880,  28,078;  in  1890,  30,003. 

Montgomery,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  In- 
diana, has  an  area  of  about  504  square  miles.  It  isinte^ 
sccted  by  Sugar  Creek,  which  runs  southwestward,  and  is 
also  drained  by  Raccoon  Creek.  The  surface  is  partly  level 
and  partly  undulating,  and  a  large  portion  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests,  in  which  the  sugar-maple  abounds.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Louis- 
ville, New  Albany  <fe  Chicago  Railroad,  the  Cleveland,  Cin- 
cinnati, Chicago  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad,  the  Terre  Haute  k 
Indianapolis  Railroad,  and  the  Vandalia  Railroad.  Capi- 
tal, Crawfordsville.  Pop.  in  1870,  23,765;  in  1880,  27,316; 
in  1890.  28,025. 

Montgomery,  a  southwestern  county  of  Iowa,  has  la 
area  of  432  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Nodaway 
River  nnd  the  North  or  East  Branch  of  the  Nishnabalona 
River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Tarkio  River  nnd  Walnut 
Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating.  Tho  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  several  branches  of  tho  Chicago, 


MON 


1877 


MON 


'Burlineton  A  Quincy  Railroad.  Capital,  Red  Oak.  Pop. 
^in  1870,  5934;  in  1875,  10,839;  in  1880,  15,895;  in  1890, 
15,848. 

Montgomery^  a  county  in  the  S.S.E.  part  of  Kansas, 
bus  an  area  of  648  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Verdigris  River,  and  also  drained  by  Elk  and  Fall  Rivers. 
Ihe  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified 
irith  prairies  and  woodlands.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian 
3orn  cattle,  wheat,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  This 
joun'ty  is  traversed  by  the  Kansas  City,  Fort  Scott  &  Mem- 
phis Railroad,  the  St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  Railroad,  the 
Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Railroad,  and  the  Missouri 
Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Independence.  Pop.  in  1870, 
7564;  in  1880,  18,213;  in  1890,  23,104. 

Montgomery,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Kentucky, 
has  an  area  of  about  200  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
small  affluents  of  Licking  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or 
undulating.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats, 
ind  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Chesapeake  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  which  connects 
with  Mount  Sterling,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  7567 ;  in 
1S80,  10,566;  in  1890,  12,367. 

Montgomery,  a  county  of  Maryland,  borders  on  Vir- 
einia.  Area,  about  508  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.E.  by  the  Patuxent  River  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Poto- 
mac, and  is  partly  drained  by  Seneca  and  Rock  Creeks. 
The  surface  is  diversified  with  hills  of  moderate  height,  and 
lis  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fer- 
jtile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
•products.  Among  its  minerals  are  limestone,  gneiss,  and 
jserpentine.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Washington 
JBrauch  of  the  Baltimore  <fe  Oliio  Railroad,  which  connects 
■with  Rockville,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,563 ;  in  1880, 
24.759;  in  1890,  27,185. 

Montgomery,  a  cpunty  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Mis- 
sissippi, has  an  area  of  about  395  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Big  Black  River.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating or  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
(forests  of  the  cypress,  hickory,  beech,  magnolia,  oak,  <fce. 
jibe  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple 
iproduets.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Richmond  <fc 
■Danville  Railroad  and  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  which 
meet  at  Winona,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1880,  13,348;  in 
1890,  14,459. 

Montgomery,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Missouri,  has 
jan  area  of  about  546  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S. 
by  the  Missouri  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Cuivre  or 
(Copper  River  and  the  Loutre  River.  The  surface  is  hilly 
(or  undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests 
[of  the  ash,  elm,  hickory,  white  oak,  black  walnut,  sugar- 
Imaple,  &o.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats, 
(wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Limestone  under- 
lilies  part  of  the  soil.  This  county  is  traversed  in  a  south- 
easterly direction  by  the  Wabash  Railroad.  Capital,  Dan- 
jrille.  Pop.  in  1870, 10,405;  in  1880,  16,249  ;  in  1890, 16,850. 
't  Montgomery,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  New  York, 
ihas  an  area  of  about  396  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
[the  Mohawk  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Schoharie 
River.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly.  This  county  comprises 
(a  great  part  of  the  long,  fertile,  and  beautiful  Mohawk 
jValley,  which  is  level.  The  soil  is  adapted  to  pasturage 
(and  dairy-farming.  Hay,  butter,  cheese,  milk,  oats,  hops, 
and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has 
quarries  of  Trenton  limestone,  a  good  building-stone.  It 
jis  intersected  by  the  Erie  Canal,  the  New  York  Central 
)&  lludson  River  Railroad,  the  Fonda,  Johnstown  &  Qlo- 
jversville  Railroad,  and  the  West  Shore  Railroad.  Capital, 
jFonda.  Pop.  in  1870,  34,457;  in  1880,  38,315;  in  1890, 
45,699. 

I  Montgomery,  a  county  of  North  Carolina,  is  near  the 
fmiddle  of  the  state.  Area,  about  696  square  miles.  It  is 
(bsunded  on  the  W.  by  the  Yadkin  River,  and  is  intersected 
(by  the  Uharee  River  and  Simmons'  Fork.  The  surface  is 
Ihilly,  and  nearly  half  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The 
isoil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  Indian  com,  wheat,  grass,  and 
ipork  are  the  staple  products.  A  small  quantity  of  gold  is 
found  in  this  county.  Qapital,  Troy.  Pop.  in  1870,  7487; 
fin  1880,  9374;  in  1890, 11,239. 

t  Montgomery,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Ohio,  has 
I ?J.  area  of  about  480  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
Miami  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Mad  River,  the  South- 
west Branch  of  the  Miami,  and  Twin  Creek.  The  surface 
is  finely  diversified  with  verdant  hills  or  ridges  of  moderate 
height,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the 
oak,  hickory,  ash,  sugar-maple,  buckeye,  4c.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  tobacco,  oats,  hay,  butter, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.    Niagara  (Upper  Silu- 


rian) limestone,  a  good  materiiil  for  building,  underlies  part 
of  the  soil.  This  is  the  celebrated  Dayton  Stone,  which  is 
extensively  used  as  a  building-stone  in  Cincinnati.  It  is 
a  very  even-bedded,  massive  limestone,  of  a  light-blue  color. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  & 
Dayton  Railroad,  the  Cincinnati,  Dayton  &  Chicago  Rail- 
road, the  Cincinnati,  Dayton  &  fronton  Railroad,  the  Cleve- 
land, Cincinnati,  Chicago  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad,  the  Dayton 
&  Union  Railroad,  and  several  other  railroads,  noticed  in 
the  article  on  Dayton,  which  is  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
64,006;  in  1880,  78,550;  in  1890,  100,852. 

Montgomery,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, has  an  area  of  about  480  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  S.W.  by  the  Schuylkill  River,  and  is  intersected  by 
Perkiomen  Creek,  and  also  drained  by  Wissahickon  Creek. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  diversified  with  beautiful 
scenery.  The  soil  is  fertile  and  well  cultivated.  Indian 
corn,  butter,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  potatoes,  and  rye  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  sends  annually  to  market 
many  hundred  thousand  gallons  of  milk.  It  has  mines  of 
iron  ore  and  quarries  of  marble  and  limestone.  Mesozoic 
sandstone  underlies  a  large  part  of  the  soil.  Copper  and 
lead  are  also  found  here.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railroad,  the  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road, the  Stony  Creek  Railroad,  and  the  Perkiomen  Rail- 
road. Branches  of  the  Reading  and  Pennsylvania  roads 
connect  Philadelphia  with  Norristown,  which  is  the  capital 
of  this  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  81,612;  in  1880,  96,494;  in 
1890,  123,290. 

Montgomery,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee,  borders 
on  Kentucky.  Area,  about  640  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  navigable  Cumberland  River,  and  also  drained 
by  Red  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  half  of  it  is 
covered  wit^  forests  of  beech,  oak,  gum,  hickory,  poplar  or 
tulip-tree,  <fec.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  tobacco, 
wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products,  that  of  tobacco  in 
this  county  being  relatively  very  large  as  compared  with 
other  counties  of  the  state.  It  has  mines  of  iron  ore  and 
large  deposits  of  limestone.  It  is  traversed  by  several 
branches  of  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad.  Capital, 
Clarksville.  Pop.  in  1870,  24,747;  in  1880,  28,481;  in 
1890,  29,697. 

Montgomery,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Texas,  has 
an  area  of  about  1100  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
San  Jacinto  River,  the  Caney  Fork  of  that  river,  and  Spring 
Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  cattle, 
and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  the  International  <fc  Great  Northern  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Montgomery.  Pop,  in  1870,  6483 ;  in  1880, 
10,164;  in  1890,  11,765. 

Montgomery,  a  southwestern  county  of  Virginia,  has 
an  area  of  about  422  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
S.W.  by  the  New  or  Kanawha  River,  and  is  drained  by  the 
Staunton  River,  which  rises  in  it.  The  surface  is  moun- 
tainous, and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the 
oak,  chestnut,  maple,  tulip-tree,  Ac.  The  eastern  part  of 
the  county  is  adjacent  to  the  Blue  Ridge.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Lower  Silu- 
rian limestone  crops  out  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Norfolk  &  Western  Railroad.  Capital,  Christians- 
burg.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,656;  in  1880,  16,693;  in  1890, 
17,742. 

Montgomery,  a  city,  capital  of  Alabama  and  of  Mont- 
gomery CO.,  is  situated  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Alabama 
River,  about  400  miles  by  water  from  Mobile.  It  is  180 
miles  N.E.  of  Mobile  by  the  Mobile  &  Montgomery  Rail- 
road. Lat.  32°  21'  N. ;  Ion.  86°  25'  W.  It  is  the  third 
city  of  the  state  in  population,  and  has  great  facilities  for 
communication  with  the  surrounding  country.  The  Ala- 
bama is  one  of  the  best  rivers  in  the  Union  for  steamboat 
navigation.  As  it  is  never  closed  by  ice,  large  steamers 
ascend  from  Mobile  to  this  city  at  all  seasons  of  the  year, 
Montgomery  is  on  the  Western  Alabama  Railroad,  and  is  the 
S.  terminus  of  the  South  &  North  Alabama  Railroad,  and 
the  N.W.  terminus  of  the  Montgomery  &  Eufaula  Railroad. 
It  contains  a  capitol,  or  state-house,  a  fine  masonic  temple, 
3  national  banks,  3  savings-banks,  and  several  machine- 
shops,  and  ships  large  quantities  of  cotton.  Two  daily 
newspapers  are  published  here.  The  seat  of  government 
was  established  at  this  place  in  1847.  Pop.  in  1860,  8843; 
in  1870,  10,688;  in  1880,  16,713;  in  1890,  21,883. 

Montgomery,  a  mining-camp  of  Park  co..  Col.,  in  the 
N.W.  part  of  the  South  Park,  about  85  miles  S.W.  of  Den- 
ver. It  is  near  the  southern  base  of  Mount  Lincoln.  Gold 
is  found  here. 

Montgomery,  a   post-village    in  Aurora  township. 


MON 


1878 


MON 


Kane  eo.,  111.,  on  Fox  Rirer,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Barling- 
bm  A  Quinoy  Railroad,  at  the  Junction  of  the  Stroator 
lirnnoh  (called  aleo  Fox  River  Junction),  3  miles  S.W.  of 
Aurora.  It  luu  a  ootton-factory,  a  oheeee-faotory,  and  a 
Uuuring-mill. 

MontgORierf  y  township,  Woodford  oo.,  HI.    Pop.  652. 

Montgomery,  a  township  of  Uibson  co.,  Ind.  P.  3121. 
It  contains  Owcnsvillo.     See  also  Montciouery  Station. 

itlontgomery,  a  hamlet  in  Moiitgouiory  township, 
Jennings  co.,  Ind.,  about  22  miles  N.W.  of  Madison.  Pop. 
of  the  tuwnfhip,  1326. 

Montgomery,  a  township  of  Owen  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  SOS. 

Montgomery,  a  nost-hamlet  of  Trigg  oo.,  Ky.,  14 
Diilcs  W.  of  llopkinsville.     It  hoe  an  academy. 

Montgomery,  a  post-village  of  Qrant  parish.  La.,  on 
Rod  Uivor,  3U0  miles  below  Shrevoport,  and  16  miles  S.E. 
of  Xiitchitocbos.  It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy.   P.  160. 

Montgomery,  a  post-township  of  Hampden  co.,  Mass., 
on  the  Boston  A  Albany  Railroad,  about  16  miles  N.W.  of 
Springfield.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Wcstfield 
River.     It  contains  2  churches.     Pop.  304. 

Montgomery,  a  post-village  in  Camden  township, 
IlilitKlale  CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Fort  Wayne,  Jackson,  and 
Saginaw  Railroad,  1  mile  from  Clear  Lake,  and  42  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Jackson.  It  has  a  graded  school,  a  steam  saw- 
Diill,  and  manufactures  of  wooden  bowls  and  window- 
blinds.     Pop.  about  400. 

Montgomery  (Moon  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of  Muske- 
gon CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Grand  Rapids,  Newaygo  A  Lake 
Kliore  Railroad,  at  Trent  Station,  23  miles  N.  of  Grand 
Rajiids.     It  has  2  saw-mills,  a  grist-mill,  &c.     Pop.  100. 

Montgomery,  a  post-township  of  Le  Sueur  co.,  Minn., 
about  22  miles  W.N.W.  of  Faribault.     Pop.  803. 

Montgomery,  a  station  in  Hancock  oo.,  Miss.,  on  the 
New  Orleans  it  Mobile  Railroad,  43  miles  E.N.E.  of  New 
Orleans. 

Montgomery,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Lincoln  co., 
Mi^s.,  on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad, 
60  miles  S.  of  Jackson. 

31ontgomery,  township,  Hickory  oo.,  Mo.    Pop.  1575. 

Montgomery,  Missouri.    See  MoxTGOUEnY  Citv. 

Montgomery,  a  station  in  Essex  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Newark  &  Bloomfield  Railroad,  1  mile  from  Newark. 

Montgomery,  a  post-township  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J., 
iibout  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Trenton.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  the  Millstone  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Dela- 
ware &  Bound  Brook  Railroad.  Pop.  2066.  It  contains  a 
Lainlet  named  Ilarlingen. 

Montgomery,  a  post-village  in  Montgomery  township, 
Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Wallkill  River,  and  on  the  Wallkill 
Valley  and  Montgomery  &  Erie  Railroads,  70  miles  N.  by 
W.  of  New  York,  and  33  miles  S.S.W.  of  Kingston.  It 
contains  4  churches,  the  Montgomery  Academy,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  paper-mill,  a  woollen-factory,  and  several 
flour-mills.  Pop.  960.  The  township  also  contains  a  large 
village  named  Walden.     Total  pop.  4514. 

Montgomery,  a  township  of  Ashland  co.,  0.  Pop. 
4U29.     It  contains  Ashland. 

Montgomery,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  0.  Pop. 
2  170,  inclusive  of  Piqua  and  exclusive  of  Columbus. 

Montgomery,  a  post-village  in  Sycamore  township, 
jiainilton  co.,  0.,  1  mile  from  Remington  Station,  and  18 
miles  N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  3  churches,  2  hotels,  2 
saw-mills,  <fcc.     Pop.  about  500. 

Montgomery,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  0.  Pop.  1451. 

Montgomery,  a  township  of  Wood  co.,  0.     Pop.  1636. 

Montgomery,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Pa.  Pop. 
301 1,  exclusive  of  Mercersburg. 

Montgomery,  a  township  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa.    P.  932. 

Montgomery,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa. 
f  on.  922. 

Montgomery,  a  hamlet  in  Morgan  co.,  Tenn.,  2  miles 
N.W.  of  Wartburg.    It  was  formerly  the  county  seat.    P.  30. 

Montgomery,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  Tex.,  about  50  miles  N.  by  W.  oi  Houston.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  bank.     Pop.  about  600. 

Montgomery,  a  post-village  in  Montgomery  township, 
Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  5  miles  from  East  Berkshire  Station,  and 
about  50  miles  N.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  several  churches, 
a  tannery,  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1423. 

Montgomery,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  A  Ohio  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of 
Abingdon. 

Montgomery  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co., 
Vt.,  in  Montgomery  township,  abont  26  miles  E.N.E.  of 
6t.  Albans.     It  has  manufactures  of  butter-tubs. 

Montgomery  City,  a  post- village  of  Montgomery  co., 


Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  A  Northern  lUilr 
82  miles  W.N.W.  of  St.  Louis,  and  26  miles  S.E.  of  Mc\ 
It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  a  bank,  5  churches,  a  flour-uiiU 
and  a  manufactory  of  faruiing-implementf.   P.  (ISVU)  2|uy 

Montgomery  Creek,  Iowa,  rise*  In  HamiltoQ  co. 
runs  southeastward  in  Story  oo.,  and  enters  the  South  Skuni 
River  about  7  miles  W.  of  Nevada. 

Montgomery  Creek,  a  post-ofBce  of  Shasta  eo.,  C»l 

Montgomery  Islands,  a  group  of  six  suiall  rucki 
islets  off  the  N.W.  coast  of  Australia,  at  the  cntrMoe  ul 
Doubtful  Bay.     Lat.  15°  49'  S. 

Montgomery  Quarry,  a  station  in  Caldwell  oo.,  Ky. 
on  the  Louisville  A  Paducah  Railroad,  9  miles  £.  ui 
Princeton. 

Montgomery's,  a  station  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  on  th( 
Pan-Handle  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Newark. 

Montgomery's  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Perry  oo.,  P», 
on  the  Susquehanna  River,  22  miles  above  Ilarrisburg. 

Montgomeryshire,  Wales.    See  MoKTcoMEur. 

Montgomery  Springs,  a  post-office  and  lumme 
resort  of  Montgomery  co.,  Va.,  li  miles  from  Big  Tunn« 
Station,  which  is  on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  A  Ohio  lUil 
road,  81  miles  W.  of  Lynchburg.  Here  are  sulphur  an. 
chalybeate  springs  amidst  fine  mountain-scenery. 

Montgomery  Square,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  22  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia. 

Montgomery  Station,  a  post-village  of  Daviess  co. 
Ind.,  on  the  Ohio  A  Mississippi  Railroad,  27  milea  E.  ol 
Viucennes.  It  has  a  carriage-shop,  a  flour-mill,  and  i 
drug-store.     Pop.  135. 

Montgomery  Stotion,  a  post-village  of  Lycomini 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  Rivei 
and  on  the  Philadelphia  A  Erie  Railroad  where  it  orosse 
the  Catawissa  A  Williamsport  Railroad,  16  miles  S.E.  ol 
Williamsport.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  a  machine 
shop,  a  planing-mill,  a  foundry,  dc.     Pop.  about  700. 

Montgom'eryviile,  a  village  of  Armstrong  eo.,  Pa., : 
miles  S.  of  Reiinorton  Station.  It  has  a  grist-mill,  and  ser 
oral  churches  and  stores.     Here  is  Adrian  Post-Office. 

Montguyon,  m6N»*gii^y6so',  a  town  of  France,  in  Cha 
rente-Infericure,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Jonzac.     Pop.  1513. 

Monthei,  m6N<>H4',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  oi 
Valais,  at  the  entrance  of  the  valley  of  Lie,  near  the  Rbon< 
21  miles  W.  of  Sion.     Pon.  2620. 

Montherm6,  in&N<>HeR^mi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ar 
dennes,  on  the  Mouse,  8  miles  N.  of  M6zi6re.«.     Pop.  2302 

3Ionthureux,  m6NoHU^ruh',  a  town  of  France,  Vosgei 
20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mirecourt,  on  the  SaOne.    Pop.  1656. 

Monticelli,  mon-te-chSl'lee,  a  village  of  Italy,  pror 
ince  of  Coscrta,  district  of  Gaeta.     Pop.  1421. 

Monticelli,  a  town  of  Italy,  19  miles  N.E.  of  Romi 
Pop.  2304. 

MonticeHi,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Coni,  nea 
the  Tanaro.     Pop.  of  commune,  1851. 

Monticelli,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  E.S.E.OI 
Pavia.     Pop.  1698. 

Monticelli  d'Oglio,  mon-te-chfil'lce  dJl'yo,  a  vil 
lage  of  Italy,  province  of  Brescia,  near  the  Oglio. 

Monticelli  d'Ongina,  mon-te-chSl'Iee  don-jee'nl,i 
town  of  Italy,  province  and  14  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Piacenza 
It  has  a  beautiful  castle.     Pop.  of  commune,  8027. 

Monticello,mon-te-chfil'lo,  a  villageof  Northern  Italy 
province  and  14  miles  S.E.  of  Como.     Pop.  1500. 

Monticello,  mouHe-sel'lo,  a  post-village,  capital  ol 
Drew  CO.,  Ark.,  about  90  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Little  Rock.  I 
has  a  newspaper  office  and  4  churches.     Pop.  in  1890, 128S 

Monticello,  a  post-village  of  Napa  co.,  Cal.,  about  4 
miles  W.  of  Sacramento. 

Monticello,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jefferson  co. 
Fla.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Jacksonville,  Pensacola  A  Mobil 
Railroad,  31  miles  E.N.E.  of  Tallahassee,  and  4  miles  N.  ol 
tlie  main  line  of  railroad.  It  has  a  court-house,  an  academy 
a  newspaper  office,  and  6  churches.     Pop.  in  1390,  1218. 

Monticello,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jasper  eo.,  Ga. 
about  62  miles  S.E.  of  Atlanta,  and  34  miles  N.  of  Mooon 
It  has  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  2  schools,  and  a  saw 
mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  849. 

Monticello,  or  God'frey,  a  post-village  of  Madisoi 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  A  Alton  Railroad,  at  the  junctioi 
of  the  Jackson  division  with  the  main  line,  5  miles  N.  of 
Alton.  It  has  3  churches,  a  money -order  post-office  namec 
Godfrey,  and  the  Monticello  Seminary.  _  ; 

Monticello,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Piatt  co.,IlI.,ii: 
Monticello  township,  about  i  mile  S.E.  of  the  Sangamor 
River.  It  is  on  the  Chicago  A  Paducah  Railroad  where  i. 
crosses  a  branch  of  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  &  Westen 
Railroad,  153  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chicago,  and  25  miles  E.>.K| 


MON 


1879 


MON 


)f  Decatur.  It  has  2  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  2 
janking-houses.  Pop.  (1890)  1643  ;  of  the  township,  2832. 
JHonticello,  a  post- village,  capital  of  White  co.,  Ind., 
n  Union  township,  on  the  Tippecanoe  River,  and  on  the 
•ailroad  between  Logansport  &  Watseka,  21  miles  W.  of 
iLc^insport,  and  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lafayette.  It  has  2 
iiewspaper  offices,  a  bank,  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
lour,  paper,  furniture,  and  woollen  goods.  P.  (1S90)  1518. 
Monticello,  a  post-village  in  Monticello  township, 
lones  CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Dubuque  &  Southwestern  Railroad 
vlicre  it  crosses  tho  Davenport  &  Northwestern  Railroad, 
13  miles  AV.S.AV.  of  Dubuque,  66  miles  N.N.W.  of  Daven- 
mrt,  and  11  miles  N.N.E.  of  Anamosa.  It  contains  5 
■hurchcs,  a  graded  school,  an  academy,  a  national  bank,  a 
oundry  and  machine-shop,  and  a  manufactory  of  gloves 
jind  mittens.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 
'pop.  in  1890,  1938.  The  township  is  intersected  by  the 
Miiqiuiketa  River.     Pop.  2830. 

Monticello,  a  post-village  in  Monticello  township, 
Fohnson  co.,  Kansas,  about  24  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Leavenworth, 
ind  IS  miles  W.S.W.  of  Kansas  City.  The  township  is 
)oiinded  N.AV.  by  Kansas  River,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1200. 

Monticello,  a  post- village,  capital  of  "Wayne  co.,  Ky., 
.bout  95  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Lexington,  and  7  miles  S.  of 
he  Cumberland  River.  It  has  a  court-house,  1  or  2 
;burclies,  and  a  banking-house. 

Monticello,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Aroostook 
!0.,  Me.,  13  miles  N.  of  Houlton.     Pop.  760. 

Monticello,  a  post-village  in  Monticello  township, 
lYright  CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  S.W.  bank  of  the  Mississippi 
iJiver,  about  36  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Minneapolis,  and  28 
tailcs  S.E.  of  St.  Cloud.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded 
lichool,  the  Monticello  Academy,  4  churches,  and  2  flouring- 
uills.    Pop.  of  the  township,  903. 

Monticello,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lawrence  co., 

(Hiss.,  on  the  Pearl  River,  50  miles  in  a  direct  line  S.  of 

irackson,  and  22  miles  E.  of  Brookhaven.    It  has  3  churches 

!ind  an  academy.     Pop.  200. 

Monticello,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lewis  co.,  Mo., 

n  tlie  North  Fabius  River,  about  11  miles  W.  of  Canton, 

ml  24  miles  N.W.  of  Quincy,  111.     It  has  4  churches,  a 

;ivin^s-bank,  and  the  Monticello  Seminary.     Pop.  301. 

Monticello,  or  Rich'field,  a  village  in   Richfield 

"nslilp,  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  AV.  of  Richfield  Springs. 

t  has  2  churches.     Uere  is  Richfield  Post-Office. 

.Monticello,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Sullivan  co., 

C.Y.,  in  Thompson  township,  on  the  Monticello  k  Port  Jer- 

is  Branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  24  miles  N.  of  Port  Jer- 

i?,  and  about  40  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Newburg.    It  is  finely 

ituated,  1387  feet  above  the  sea-level,  and  is  surrounded 

y  hills.    It  contains  a  stone  court-house,  4  churches,  an 

cailemy,  a  national  bank,  and  2  newspaper  offices.    P.  912. 

Monticello,  a  post-office  of  Guilford  co.,  N.C.,  about 

5  miles  W.N.W.  of  Raleigh. 

Monticello,  a  village  in  Valley  township,  Armstrong 
*.,  Pa.,  on  the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the  Alleghany 
('alley  Railroad,  at  Cowanshannock  Station,  3  miles  N.  of 
jiittanning.     It  has  a  church  and  a  blast  iron-furnace, 
foal  is  mined  here. 
Monticello,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co.,  S.C.,  about 
J  miles  X.N.W.  of  Columbia.     It  has  a  church. 
Monticello,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hardin  co.,  Tenn.,  16 
liles  X.  of  luka.  Miss.     It  has  a  church. 
Monticello,  a  post-office  of  Titus  co.,  Tex. 
Monticello,  Virginia,  in  Albemarle  co.,  3  miles  S.E. 
f  Charlottesville,  was  the  residence  of  Thomas  JeSerson. 
t  is  beautifully  situated,  and  commands  a  fine  view  of  the 
Slue  Ridge  and  the  Rivanna  River. 

Monticello,  a  village  of  Cowlitz  co.,  Washington,  on 
JO  Columbia  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Cowlitz  River, 
nd  on  the  North  Pacific  Railroad  (Pacific  division),  8  miles 
'.N.W.  of  Kalama. 

Monticello,  a  post-village  in  Mount  Pleasant  town- 
,iip.  Green  co.,  Wis.,  12  miles  N.  of  Monroe,  and  about  30 

■iWles  S.S.W.  of  Madison.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  wooUen- 
prtory.    Pop.  about  250. 
f  Honticello,  township,  Lafayette  co.,  AVis.     Pop.  469. 
Monticel'lo,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co..  Prince  Ed- 
ard  Island,  42  miles  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  150, 
Monticello-Brusati,    mon-te-chSrio-broo-sa'toe,    a 
illage  of  Italy,  province  of  Brescia,  8  miles  from  Iseo. 
Monticiano,  mon-te-chi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  18  miles 
»m  Siena.     Pop.  2828. 

Montierender,  m6x»He-iVfiN"MaiB',  a  town  of  France, 
■SiALli  llaute-Marne,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Vassy,     Pop.  1515. 
Montieri,  mon-te-4'ree,  a  town  of  Italy,  19  miles  S.W. 
f  Siena.    Pop.  3909.  .  ,      . 


k 


Montiers-snr-Sanlx,  m6K"He-i'-8uR-so,  a  town  of 
France,  in  Meuse,  10  miles  S.  of  Ligny.     Pop.  1367. 

Montigium,  the  Latin  name  of  Montech. 

Montiglio,  mon-teel'yo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont, 
28  miles  W.N.W.  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  3222. 

Moiitignac,  m6N<>Heen^yik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Dor- 
dogne,  15  miles  N.  of  Sarlat.     Pop.  2561. 

Montignoso-Lucchese,  mon-teen-yo'so-look-kd'sA, 
a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  3  miles  from  Massa.  Pop. 
of  commune,  2099. 

Montigny,  mdsoHeen^yee',  numerous  small  villages  of 
France,  in  the  N.,  N.AV.,  and  central  departments. 

Montigny-le>Roi,  m6NoHeen^yee'-l?h-rwi,  a  town 
of  Franco,  in  Ilaute-Marne,  near  Langres.     Pop.  1199. 

Montigny-  (or  Montignies-)  le-Tilleul,  mds**- 
teen^yee'-l§h-tee^yul',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  on 
the  Sambre,  24  miles  E.  of  Mons.     Pop.  1080. 

Montigny-  (or  Montignies-)  sur-Sanibre,m6N"*- 
teen'yee'-siiR-sftjib'r,  a  suburb  of  Charleroi,  Belgium,  on  the 
E.  side  of  the  town.     Pop.  of  commune,  12,653. 

Montijo,  or  Montixo,  mon-tee'no,  a  town  of  Spain, 
16  miles  E.  of  Badajos,  on  the  Guadiana.     Pop.  5866. 

Montijo,  (mon-tee'Ho)  Bay,  in  the  republic  of  Colom- 
bia, South  America,  is  near  80°  W.  Ion. 

Montilii,  the  Latin  name  of  Monteux. 

Montilla,  mon-teel'yi,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
18  miles  S.E.  of  Cordova.  The  streets  are  broad,  clean, 
and  very  well  paved,  and  there  are  3  squares,  a  town 
house,  a  prison,  a  palace  belonging  to  the  Duke  of  Medina- 
celi,  a  public  school,  an  asylum  for  orphan  girls,  a  poor- 
house  and  foundling  hospital,  a  hospital  for  the  sick  poor, 
a  parish  church,  7  hermitages  in  or  near  the  town,  3  con- 
vents, and  2  nunneries.  It  h.ia  manufactures  of  coarse 
linen  and  woollen  cloths,  oil-mills,  and  potteries,  and  was 
formerly  fortified.     Pop.  15,000. 

Montillaua,  mon-teel-yi'ni,  a  village  of  Spain,  in 
Andalusia,  30  miles  from  Granada.     Pop.  1152. 

Montiovet,  or  Monljovet,  mon-te-o-v6t',  a  village 
of  Italy,  5  miles  from  Verres,  on  the  Dora  Baltea. 

Montirat,  m6x<>Hee*ri',  a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn, 
arrondissement  of  Alby.     Pop,  2502. 

Montis  Burgas,  the  Latin  name  of  MoxTEBOuno. 

Montivilliers,  m6N»*teeVee'yA'  (L.  Monaate'num  Vil- 
la'ris),  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-Inferieure,  7  miles  N.E. 
of  Havre.  It  has  a  communal  college  and  manufactures 
of  paper,  leather,  linen,  Ac.     Pop.  3554. 

Montjean,  m6>'"*zh6n«''  (L.  Mon»  Johan'nia),  a  town 
of  France,  in  Maine-et-Loire,  on  the  Loire,  13  miles  E.  of 
Beaupreau.     Pop.  1682. 

Montjoie,  m6v'zhw4',  or  Montschan,  mont'shin 
(L.  Mou»  Jo'via),  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  16  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Aix-la-Chapelle,  on  the  Ruhr.     Pop.  2262. 

Montjoie,  m6N»'zhw4',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ari^ge, 
1  mile  N.  of  Saint-Girons. 

Montjovet,  a  village  of  Italy.    See  Moxtiovet. 

Monti hcry,  mAxo^dVee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine- 
et-Oise,  15  miles  S.AV.  of  Paris,  on  the  slope  of  a  hill 
crowned  by  a  tower  commanding  a  good  view  of  Paris  and 
its  environs.     Pop.  2005. 

Montlieu,  m6N»Me-uh',  a  town  of  France,  in  Charente- 
Inferieure,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Jonzac. 

Montlouis,  m6n»^loo'ee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Pyr6- 
nees-Orientales,  40  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Perpignan,  at  the  foot 
of  the  Pyrenees.     Pop.  1080. 

Montlouis,  a  village  of  France,  in  Indre-et-Loire,  6J 
miles  E.  of  Tours,  with  a  station  on  the  Orleans  <fc  Toara 
Railway.     Pop.  623, 

Montlouis,  m6^•<•Moo'ee',  a  post-village  in  Gasp6  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  41  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  Fox  River.     Pop.  200. 

Monti  UQon,  m6}j<»^lii"s6>'<'',  a  town  of  France,  in  Allier, 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Cher,  close  to  the  Canal  de  Berri, 
48  miles  by  rail  W\S.W.  of  Moulins.  Pop.  21,904.  It  is 
crowned  by  a  ruined  castle,  and  has  remains  of  old  walls 
and  towers,  a  communal  college,  glass-works,  iron-works, 
tanneries,  and  manufactures  of  mirrors,  copper  wares,  Ac. 

Montiuel,  m6soMU'6l'  (L.  Along  Lupel'li),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Ain,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Lyons,  and  17  miles  S.E. 
of  Trevoux.     It  has  woollen-mills,  <tc.     Pop.  2368. 

Montmagny,  m6^<''min^yee',  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part 
of  Quebec,  having  the  St.  Lawrence  for  its  N.  boundary 
and  the  state  of  Maine  for  its  S.  Area,  398,953  acres.  It 
is  traversed  by  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway.  Capital,  Mont- 
magny, or  St.  Thomas.     Pop.  13,555. 

Montmagny,  or  Saint  Thomas,  a  village  of 
Quebec,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Montmagny,  on  the  S.  shore 
of  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway, 


MON 


1880 


MON 


4tt  milos  E.  of  Quebec.  It  eontains,  besides  the  oounty 
buiUlings,  a  church,  a  college,  about  2b  stores,  and  saw-, 
grist-,  nnd  cardim^-niills.     Pop.  1612. 

Montinnrault,  iii6N*^iu&'rG',  a  town  of  France,  in  Al- 
lior,  16  miles  E.  of  Montlu^on.     Pop.  1612. 

ittoutmartin>8ur-iller«  ni6N>'maRH42i«'-8UR-niaiR,  a 
Tillngo  of  France,  in  Manohe,  close  to  the  English  Channel, 
9  miloa  S.W.  of  Coutances. 

Montmartref  mdii^'iuaRt'r',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Seine,  forming  a  N.  suburb  of  Paris,  within  the  fortihoa- 
tions.  It  is  a  favorite  Sunday  resort  for  the  Parisians,  and 
has  many  inns  and  villas,  with  an  asylum  for  the  aged,  2 
schools,  oil-cloth-fitotories,  scagliola-works,  woollen-mills, 
and  gypsum-quarries.  Here  is  the  cometory  of  Mont- 
martre,  the  oldest  burial-ground  of  modern  Paris. 

Montm^dyy  ni6N<>^m4Mee'  (L.  MaledicUu),  a  fortified 
town  of  France,  in  Mouse,  on  the  Chiers,  25  miles  N.  of 
Verdun.  Pop.  2219.  It  is  defended  by  extensive  out- 
works, and  has  barracks,  a  military  hospital,  and  a  prison. 

Montin^lian,  m6i(<>^m4Me-6N«',  a  town  of  Savoy,  on 
the  Isiirc,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Chambdry.  It  was  once  so  strong 
as  to  be  regarded  as  the  bulwark  of  Savoy  and  the  key  of 
its  Alps ;  but  its  fortifications  were  finally  demolished  by 
Louis  XIV.  in  1705,     Pon.  1073. 

Montmerle,  mftii«^mSRl',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ain, 

9  miles  N.  of  Tr6voux,  on  the  Sa6ne.     Pop.  1981. 
Montinirail,   m6N<>'meeV&I'  (L.  Mont  Mirab'illt),  a 

town  of  Franco,  in  Marne,  22  miles  S.W.  of  Epernay.  Pop. 
2077.  It  has  mineral  springs,  and  manufactures  of  cutlery, 
leather,  and  copper  and  tin  wares. 

Montmoreiici,  mont^mo-rcn'se,  a  post-hamlet  of  Aiken 
eo.,  S.C.,  on  the  South  Carolina  Railroad,  5  milos  E.S.E.  of 
Aiken.     It  has  a  church. 

Montmorency^  m6N>^moV&N<>^8ee',  or  Enghien, 
ftso^ghe-iN"'  (L.  Monmorenciaeum),  a  village  of  F'rance,  in 
Seine-ct-Oise,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pontoise.  Pop.  3943. 
Here  is  the  large  forest  of  Montmorency,  much  frequented 
by  Parisians.  Near  it  is  the  Hermitage,  a  favorite  resi- 
dence of  Rousseau. 

Montmorency,  mont'mo-ren'se,  a  river  of  Quebec, 
rises  in  Snow  Lake,  and  enters  the  St.  Lawrence  8  miles 
N.E.  of  Quebec,  after  forming  a  cataract  250  feet  in  height. 
This  river  is  a  torrent  from  its  source  to  its  mouth ;  and  the 
falls  are  a  great  attraction  to  tourists.  The  village  of  Most- 
MORKNCY  Falls  is  6  miles  from  Quebec. 

3Iontmorency«  mont'mo-ren'se,  a  county  in  the  N.E. 
part  of  the  southern  peninsula  of  Michigan,  bos  an  area  of 
680  square  miles.  It  is  partly  drained  by  Thunder  Bay 
River  and  its  branches.  Capital,  Hillman.  P.  in  1890, 1487. 

Montmorency,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Quebec, 
bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  St.  Lawrence.  Capital,  Chateau 
Richer.     Area,  2183  square  miles.     Pop.  12,085. 

Montmorency,  township,  AVhiteside  co..  111.     P.  586. 

Montmorency,  a  post-villnge  of  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Lafayette,  Muncie  &  Bloomington  and  Cincinnati, 
Lafayette  A  Chicago  Railroads,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Lafayette. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Montmorency,  a  township  of  Montmorency  co.,  Mich. 
Pop.  177, 

Montmorillon,  mii«»'moVee'yiN»'  (L.  Mons  Maurt- 
lio)ii»),  a  town  of  France,  in  Vienne,  30  miles  by  rail  E.S.E. 
of  Poitiers.  Pop.  4126.  It  has  a  curious  octagonal  temple 
built  over  a  sepulchral  cave,  a  seminary,  a  hospital,  and 
manufactures  of  lime,  pottery,  and  famous  macaroons. 

Montodine,  mon-to-deo'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Cremona,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lodi,  on  the  Serio,  2^  miles 
above  its  junction  with  the  Adda.     Pop.  2511. 

Montodorisio,  mon-to-do-ree'se-o,  or  Monteodori- 
i>lO,  mon-t4'o-do-ree'se-o,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Chieti,  3  miles  W.S.W.  of  II  Vasto.     Pop.  1989. 

Montoir-de-Bretague,  m6N»'twaR'-d?-br9h-tin' 
(L.  Mont  Aureut),  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire-Inf6rieure, 
on  the  Loire,  near  its  mouth,  29  miles  W.N.W.  of  Nantes. 
Pop.  588,  partly  employed  in  vitriol-works. 

Montoirc,  m^NoHwaR',  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Loir-et- 
Cher,  24  miles  W.N.W.  of  Rlois.  Pop.  2654.  It  is  com- 
maniled  by  a  ruined  castle,  and  has  cavalry-barracks.- 

Montolien,  m6M<>'to^le-uh',  a  town  of  France,  in  Aude, 

10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Carcassonne.     Pop.  1508. 
Montona,  mon-to'n&,  a  town  of  Austria,  Illyria,  gov- 
ernment of  Istria,  21  miles  S.  of  Triest.     Pop.  1267. 

Montone,  mon-to'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  Sicily,  province 
of  Syracuse,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Modica.     Pop.  4000, 

Montone  (anc.  Vtit),  a  river  of  Italy,  falls  into  the 
Adriatic  6  miles  N.E.  of  Ravenna.     Length,  45  miles. 

Monton'go,  a  post-hamlet  of  Drew  co.,  Ark.,  about  40 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Pine  Bluff.    It  has  a  church. 


Montopoli,  mon-top'o-le,  a  town  of  Italy,  Tuscany, ; 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Florence.     Pop.  of  commune,  3222. 

Montorio,  mon-to're-o,  a  town  of  Italy,  provinea  < 
Corapobosso,  34  milos  S.E.  of  Larino.     Pop.  2195. 

Montorio,  a  town   of  Italy,  province  of  Temmo 
miles  S.W.  of  Teramo.     Pop.  3927.  ' 

Montoro,  mon-to'ro,  a  city  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, '. 
miles  N.E.  of  Cordova,  on  a  peninsula  formed  by  tj 
Guadalquivir.  It  bus  5  squares,  a  ho.-pital  (one  of  the  be 
institutions  of  the  kind  in  Andalusia),  a  granary,  a  to»i 
house,  a  foundling  hospital,  a  college  for  young  ladies  nt 
various  public  and  private  schools.  The  neighborhix 
abounds  with  quarries  of  millstone,  limestone,  rock  tiil 
and  pitch-stone,  as  well  as  mines  of  antimony,  copper,  ni 
cobalt.  There  aro  fulling-mills  and  flour-  and  oil -niill 
The  principal  article  of  e.\port  is  oil,  in  great  quantilli 
Pop,  10,999. 

Montoro  Inferiore,  mon-to'ro  cen-fA-rc-o'r4,  a  to» 
of  Italy,  province  of  Avellino,  11   miles  N.  of  Salem 
It  has  manufactures  of  linen.      Pop.  6078.     Adjacent 
MovTouo  SiTi'KRioRK,  soo-pi-rc-o'ri.     Pop.  5176. 

Montour,  mon-toor',  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  < 
Pennsylvania,  has  an  area  of  about  150  square  miles, 
is  drained  by  the  North  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  Rivt 
and  by  Chillisquaque  Creek.  The  surface  is  diversified  1 
several  high  ridges,  one  of  which  is  called  Montour's  Uidg 
The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile,  and  produces  wheat,  Iniliii 
corn,  oats,  Ac.  The  chief  article  of  export  is  iron  (most 
forged  and  rolled).  Limestone  crops  out  in  this  count 
which  is  intersected  by  the  Wilkesbarre  A  Western  Rnilron 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  the  Philadelphia  A  UciKlin 
Railroad,  and  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  A  Western  Kni 
road.  Capital,  Danville.  Pop.  in  1870,  15,344;  in  188 
15,468;  in  1890,  15,645. 

Montour,  a  post-village  in  Indian  Village  townshi 
Tama  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Iowa  River,  and  on  the  Chicago 
Northwestern  Railroad,  11  miles  E.S.E.  of  Marehalltowi 
It  has  a  bank,  2  churches,  a  money-order  post-oflice,  a  griiJt 
school,  a  steam  flouring-mill,  and  a  lime-kiln.     Pop.  61111, 

Montour,  a  township  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  514. 

Montour,  a  township  of  Schuyler  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  1S8 
It  contains  the  greater  part  of  llavanna. 

Montour,  a  township  of  Columbia  co..  Pa.    Pop.  627 

Montour  Ridge,  Pennsylvania,  is  in  the  cos.  of  0 
lumbia  and  Montour,  and  is  nearly  parallel  with  the  Nort 
Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  which  runs  along  i 
base.  It  is  about  20  miles  long.  Good  iron  ore  and  lim( 
stone  are  abundant  in  this  ridge,  which  is  in  close  proxiioit 
to  Danville,  the  seat  of  largo  iron-works. 

Montoursville,  mon-toorz'vll,  a  post-borough  of  Lj 
coming  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Su^^quchann 
River,  at  the  mouth  of  Loyalsock  Creek,  and  on  the  Cat* 
wissa  A  Williamsport  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Williamspor 
It  has  a  paper-mill,  2  or  3  tanneries,  2  grist-mills,  mant 
facturcs  of  lumber,  pumps,  wagons,  Ac,  and  an  cxtensiv 
trade  in  lumber.     Pop.  in  1890,  1278. 

Mon'towese,  a  [)ost-liamlet  of  New  Haven  co..  Conn 
in  North  Haven  township,  on  the  Air-Lino  Railroad, 
miles  N.E.  of  New  Haven.     It  has  a  church. 

Montpelier,  mont-peel'y^r,  a  post-village  of  Bear  Lak 
CO.,  Idaho,  about  90  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bvanston.  It  ha 
manufactures  of  cheese,  lumber,  and  salt.     P.  (1890)  117-i 

Montpelier,  a  post  village  of  Blackford  co.,  Ind.,  o 
Salamonio  River,  and  on  the  Fort  Wuyne,  Muncie  A  Cin 
cinnati  Railroad,  38  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  ha 
3  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  808. 

Montpelier,  a  township  of  Muscatine  co.,  Iowa,  on  th 
Mississippi  River.     Pop.  576. 

Montpelier,  a  post-oflice  of  Adair  co.,  Ky. 

Montpelier,  a  post-ofiice  of  Clay  co.,  Miss. 

Montpelier,  a  post-ofiice  of  Richmond  co.,  N.C. 

Montpelier,  a  post-village  in  Superior  township,  Wil 
Hams  CO.,  0.,  on  the  St.  Joseph  River,  10  miles  N.  of  Bryan 
and  about  60  miles  W.  of  Toledo.  It  has  2  churches,  grist 
and  saw-mills,  and  iron-foundries.     Pop.  in  1890,  ]'2VA. 

Montpelier,  the  caoital  of  Vermont  and  of  Wiishingtojj 
CO.,  is  situated  on  a  plain,  on  the  Winooski  or  Onion  Kiverj 
at  the  mouth  of  its  N.  branch,  about  200  miles  N.N.W.  otj 
Boston,  and  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Burlington.  Lat.  44"  17 
N.;  Ion.  72°  35'  W.  It  is  on  a  branch  of  the  Central  Vcri 
mont  Railroad,  and  is  a  terminus  of  the  Montjielier  «' 
Wells  River  Railroad.  It  is  surrounded  by  a  hilly  countr; 
which  is  fertile  and  highly  cultivated.  The  state-house  i 
a  handsome  graiiite  edifice,  with  a  portico  supported  by  1 
massive  Doric  columns,  and  a  dome  which  is  124  feet  high 
Montpelier  contains  a  court-house,  6  churches,  2  nationa 
banks,  a  savings-bank,  the  Vermont  Methodist  Seminary 


I 


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MON 


rradod  school,  the  state  library  of  about  14,000  volumes, 
inting-offices  which  issue  6  weekly  newspapers,  and  a  fine 
tel.  Here  are  several  flour-mills,  tanneries,  and  manu- 
•torics  of  machinery,  children's  carriages,  &o.  A  sub- 
ntial  stone  bridge  crosses  the  Winooski  here.  This  town 
■ame  the  capital  of  Vermont  in  1S05.  Pop.  in  1860, 
11 ;  in  1870,  .3023 ;  in  1880,  3219  ;  in  1890,  3617. 
Montpelier,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hanover  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
uth  Anna  River,  about  24  miles  N.W.  of  Richmond. 
Montpelier,  a  post-office  in  Montpelier  township, 
iwaunce  co..  Wis.,  about  27  miles  N.  of  Manitowoc.  The 
ynship  has  3  churches,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  pop.  of  1157. 
.llontpelier  Junction,  a  station  in  AVashington  co., 
.,  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of 
)  Montpelier  Branch,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Montpelier. 
Montpellier,  mont-p4rie-§r  (Pr.  pron.  m6Ni»^pSrie-i' ; 
Mons  PcHeida'nus),  a  city  of  France,  capital  of  the  de- 
rtment  of  Ilcrault,  finely  situated  on  an  undulating 
;livity  washed  by  the  Lez,  about  6  miles  N.  of  the  Medi- 
•ranean,  and  76  miles  W.N.W.  of  Marseilles.  A  railway 
■m  Montpellier  extends  to  Nlmes,  connecting  with  the 
vrscilles  k  Lyons  Railway.  Montpellier  is  distinguished 
■  the  brightness  of  its  atmosphere  and  the  mild  salubrity 
its  climate,  and  is  recommended  as  a  proper  residence 

•  consumptive  patients.  It  is  celebrated  for  the  pecu- 
r  richness  and  beauty  of  the  landscape  of  the  vicinity, 
3  district,  for  above  2  miles  around,  being  studded  with 
ndsome  country-seats,  surrounded  by  gardens,  orchards, 
icyards,  and  olive-yards.  The  city,  enclosed  by  an  old 
II  in  ruins  and  defended  by  a  citadel,  rises  in  the  form 
an  amphitheatre,  along  a  slope,  the  summit  of  which, 

^  feet  above  sea-level,  is  occupied  by  the  Place  de 
yrou,  which  has  been  laid  out  at  vast  expense,  com- 
inds  magnificent  views,  and  is  regarded  as  one  of  the 
est  promenades  in  Europe.  At  one  of  its  extremities  is 
;  Chateau  d'Eau,  a  kind  of  fountain-temple,  which  re- 
ves  its  water  from  a  noble  equeduct  of  53  large  arches 
d  2896  feet  in  length,  led  across  the  valley  from  an 
iposite  hill,  and  sends  down  copious  supplies  to  every 

Iarter  of  the  town.  Montpellier  is  irregularly  built,  and 
>8t  of  the  streets  are  steep  and  narrow.  The  principal 
ildings  deserving  notice  are  the  cathedral,  a  large  edi- 
),  7  other  Roman  Catholic  churches  and  a  Protestant 
irch,  the  old  episcopal  palace,  now  occupied  by  the 
lool  of  Medicine,  the  theatre,  exchange,  with  a  fine  Co- 
'thian  colonnade,  Palais  de  Justice,  and  triumphal  arch 
the  Doric  order,  forming  the  gateway  of  Peyrou.  The 
it  important  public  establishments  are  the  Ecole  de 
decine,  a  medical  school  of  great  celebrity  (said  to  have 
n  founded  by  Arab  physicians  driven  out  of  Spain),  with 
uable  anatomical  collections  and  splendid  amphitheatre, 

•  botanical  garden,  the  public  library,  the  MusSe  Fabre,  a 
ture-gallery  remarkably  rich  in  works  of  the  best  masters, 
oral  large  and  well-managed  hospitals,  among  which 
y  be  specified  the  General  Hospital  and  H6tel-Dieu  Saint- 
)i,  Ac,  Montpellier  is  the  see  of  a  bishop,  and  the  seat 
bigh  courts.  It  also  possesses  a  commercial  chamber,  an 
idemie  xmiversitaire,  college,  diocesan  seminary,  facul- 
!  of  medicine  and  science,  special  school  of  pharmacy, 
scums  of  painting  and  sculpture,  and  a  library  of  30,000 
umes.  It  has  manufactures  of  cotton  and  woollen  goods, 
digris,  mineral  acids,  and  other  chemical  products,  corks, 
jcurs,  perfumes,  several  tanneries,  sugar-refineries,  and 
ny  distilleries  of  brandy  and  spirits.  The  harbor  of  Ju- 
lal,  formed  by  the  Lez,  and  not  a  mile  distant  from  the 
■n,  gives  great  facilities  for  trade,  the  chief  articles  of 
ich  are  wines,  brandies,  spirits,  olive  oil,  fruits,  leather, 
3l,  copper,  verdigris,  &c.  Montpellier  was  built  in  the 
th  century  out  of  the  ruins  of  Maugelonne.  Louis  XIII. 
k  it  from  the  Calvinists  in  1622.  Pop.  in  1891,  69,258, 
Hontpellier,  Comtk  de,  k6N»H4'  d§h  m6N"'parie-i', 
ancient  district  of  France,  formerly  dependent  on  the 
yince  of  Lower  Languedoc,  but  previously  long  governed 
independent  counts.  It  now  forms  part  of  H6rault. 
ttontpensier,  m6No'pfiN»^se-i',  a  village  of  Franco,  in 
v-de-Dome,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Riom. 

*Iont  Perc6,  m6N»  pSn'si',  or  Table  Roulante, 

1  rooMfist',  a  remarkable  mountain  in  rear  of  Perce,  co. 

Givspe,  Quebec.     It  rises  to  a  height  of  1230  feet,  and 

be  seen  by  the  mariner  40  miles  away. 

ttont  Perdu,  m6N»'  p^RMii'  (Sp.  Monte  Perdido, 
.n'd  peR-dee'Do;  both  names  signifying  "lost  moun- 
fi  ),  one  of  the  highest  summits  of  the  Pyrenees,  situ- 
\i  in  Aragon,  Spain.     Lat.  42°  36'  N.;  Ion.  0°  2'  E.     It 

an  elevation  of  10,950  feet. 

•lontpeyroux,   miso^pA'roo',   a    village    of    France, 

H6rault,  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  LodSve.     Pop.  1343. 
119 


Montpeyroux,  a  village  of  France,  in  Aveyron,  arron- 
dissement  of  Espalion.     Pop.  1772. 

Alontp^zat,  m^No^pi^zi'  (L.  Mons  Pensa'tns),  a  village 
of  France,  in  Ardeche,  12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Argenticre. 

Montp^zat,  a  village  of  France,  in  Lot-et-Garonne,  10 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Agen.     Pop.  1450. 

Montp^zat,  a  village  of  France,  in  Tarn-et-Garonne, 
16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Montauban,     Pop.  1021. 

Montpont,  m6N»'p6x"',  a  village  of  France,  in  SaOne- 
et-Loire,  23  miles  N.E.  of  Micon.     Pop.  211. 

Mon'tra,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  0.,  24  miles  S. 
of  Lima.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  110. 

Montradok,  mon-tri-dok',  or  Tradok,  tri-dok',  a 
large  village  on  the  island  of  Borneo,  on  a  plain  at  the  base 
of  a  mountain-range,  about  80  miles  S.E.  of  Sambas. 

Montraille,  mon-trai',  or  Moun^traille',  a  county 
in  the  N.W.  part  of  North  Dakota,  is  bounded  on  the  S. 
partly  by  the  Missouri  River.     Area,  2895  square  miles. 

Montreal,  m6N<>Hri^41',  a  town  of  France,  in  Aude,  11 
miles  W.  of  Carcassonne.     Pop.  1923. 

Montreal,  a  town  of  France,  in  Gers,  29  miles  N.W. 
of  Auch.     Pop.  690. 

Montreal,  mon'tre-awl',  a  post-hamlet  of  Nelson  co., 
Va.,  about  33  miles  S.W.  of  Charlottesville. 

Montreal,  mon'tre-awl'  (Fr.  Montrial,  miNo'tri'il'; 
Sp.  Montereal,  mon-ti-ri-5,1' ;  L.  Mo7i8  Rega'lis,  i.e.,  "  Mount 
Royal"),  a  city  of  the  province  of  Quebec,  Canada,  the 
commercial  metropolis  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  situated 
on  the  S.  side  of  the  Island  of  Montreal,  in  the  St.  Law- 
rence River  (here  above  2  miles  wide),  180  miles  S.W.  of 
Quebec,  620  miles  from  the  sea,  and  420  miles  N.  of  New 
York.  Lat.  45°  31'  N. ;  Ion.  73°  34'  W.  It  is  at  the  head 
of  ocean  navigation,  and  at  the  commencement  of  lake 
and  river  navigation,  and  has  railway  communication  with 
the  chief  cities  of  Canada  and  the  United  States. 

The  Island  of  Montreal,  on  which  the  town  is  built,  is 
situated  at  the  confluence  of  the  Ottawa  with  the  St.  Law- 
rence. It  is  32  miles  long,  by  about  10  miles  broad  at  the 
widest  part. 

Montreal  occupies  a  low  tract  of  land  about  2  miles  wide 
between  a  beautiful  elevation,  called  "  Mount  Royal,"  and 
the  river.  It  is  divided  into  9  wards.  Some  of  the  streets 
are  narrow  and  ill  paved,  but  the  majority  will  compare 
favorably  with  those  of  any  city.  The  principal  streets 
have  large  well-built  edifices,  constructed  chiefly  of  lime- 
stone quarried  near  the  city.  These  buildings,  combined 
with  the  effect  of  the  lofty  towers  and  spires,  give  the  city 
a  very  imposing  appearance. 

The  principal  buildings  are  the  city  hall,  court-house, 
post-office,  custom-house,  seminary  of  St.  Sulpice,  convent 
of  Notre  Dame,  general  hospital.  Grey  Nunnery,  Montreal 
College,  McG ill  University,  St.  Mary's  College,  Young  Men's 
Christian  Association  building.  Theatre  Royal,  Dominion 
theatre,  medical  school,  Victoria  skating-rink,  Protestant 
House  of  Industry  and  Refuge,  St.  Bridget's  House  of 
Refuge,  Protestant  Orphan  Asylum,  St.  Patrick's  Orphan 
Asylum,  deaf  and  dumb  asylums  (Protestant  and  Catholic), 
the  Hotel-Dieu,  Ladies'  Benevolent  Institution,  Female 
Home,  Protestant  Infants'  Home,  Queen's  Hall,  Mechanics' 
Hall,  barracks,  drill-shed.  Sailors'  Institute,  St.  George's 
Home,  St.  Andrew's  Home,  St.  James'  Club,  Crystal  Palace, 
Montreal  telegraph  office,  Ac.,  and  8  markets,  including  the 
Bonsecours,  a  magnificent  pile  with  a  lofty  dome.  There 
are  also  a  Society  of  Natural  History,  a  Mechanics'  Insti- 
tute, a  Canadian  Institute,  Merchants'  Exchange,  Mercan- 
tile Library,  Board  of  Trade,  Corn  Exchange,  &c.,  and  53 
churches.  The  cathedral  of  Notre  Dame  is  capable  of  con- 
taining from  10,000  to  12,000  persons.  It  is  255  feet  long 
and  145  feet  broad,  with  two  towers  220  feet  in  height.  In 
the  N.E.  tower  is  a  fine  chime  of  bells,  and  in  the  N.W.  is 
a  bell  weighing  29,400  lbs.  Christ  Church  cathedral,  a 
very  fine  example  of  Gothic  architecture,  is  built  of  Mon- 
treal limestone  with  Caen  stone  dressings.  The  church  of 
Gesu,  a  very  imposing  edifice,  is  230  feet  long  and  102  feet 
wide,  with  a  transept  152  long.  The  walls  and  ceiling  of 
the  interior  are  beautifully  frescoed.  Another  magnificent 
pile  is  the  Roman  Catholic  Bishop's  Church, — St.  Peter's, 
— after  a  model  of  its  namesake  in  Rome.  Trinity,  St. 
George,  St.  Andrew,  St.  Paul,  and  the  majority  of  the  other 
churches  are  handsome  edifices.  The  largest  banking- 
houses  in  the  Dominion  have  their  head  offices  in  Mon- 
treal, and  have  very  handsome  and  costly  structures.  The 
harbor  of  Montreal,  which  is  formed  towards  the  St.  Law- 
rence, is  secure,  and  the  quays  are  built  of  limestone,  and, 
uniting  with  the  locks  and  cut-stone  wharves  of  the  La- 
chine  Canal,  present  for  several  miles  a  display  of  continu- 
ous masonry.    A  broad  terrace,  faced  with  gray  limestone^ 


MOJT 


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tb«  pftiUMts  of  which  are  Burmoiinted  with  a  ^ubxtanlial 
Iron  railing,  divides  the  city  fruin  tlio  rivor  tliroiighoiit  its 
who)*  extent.  Iinprovcincnts  in  the  harl>or  are  yearly 
being  made  to  aoootnuiodato  the  large  inoroaso  of  sbipping. 

Anong  the  manufactories  are  foundrius  of  iron,  distil- 
leriet,  breweries,  sugar-reflnorios,  soap-  and  candlo-works, 
BannfMtoriei  of  hardware,  carriages  and  sleighs,  oorn 
brooms,  wooden-ware,  glass,  paints  and  drugs,  edge-tools, 
looomotlves,  steam-onginos,  boilers,  india-rubber  goods, 
printing-presses,  agrioultunvl  implements,  rausioal  instru- 
ments, paper,  rope,  sewing-machines,  types,  pins,  tobacco, 
woollen  and  cotton  goods,  boots  and  shoos,  &o.  There  are, 
besides,  saw-  and  flouring-mills,  rolling-mills,  lead-works, 
brass-foundries,  and  many  other  industrial  establishments. 

This  city  is  the  terminus  of  2  divisions  of  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railway,  and  other  railways  connect  it  with  Quebec 
and  Ottawa.  The  head  offices  and  chief  works  of  the  Urnnd 
Trunk  are  at  Point  St.  Charles,  a  suburb  in  the  western 
part  of  the  city.  The  Victoria  bridge  (built  1854-59)  here 
spans  the  river  St.  Lawrence.  It  is  OlS-t  lineal  feet  in 
length, — 24  spans  of  242  feet  each,  and  one  (the  centre,  GU 
feet  above  the  river)  of  330  feet.  The  bridge  cost  nearly 
$7,000,000. 

The  city  has  about  20  banks,  4  savings-banks,  40  assur- 
ance and  insurance  agencies,  3  medical  schools,  2  general 
hospitals,  an  asylum  for  aged  and  infirm  women,  3  orphan 
asylums,  a  lying-in  hospital,  2  magdnlcn  asylums,  a  dis- 
pensary, a  ladies'  benevolent  society,  2  houses  of  refuge,  an 
infants'  home,  a  newsboys'  home,  and  a  number  of  institu- 
tions under  charge  of  Sisters  of  Charity.  There  are  pub- 
lished 7  daily,  4  tri-weokly,  17  weekly,  1  fortnightly,  and 
15  monthly  newspapers  and  periodicals,  besides  religious 
and  scientific  journals. 

The  educational  means  of  the  city  comprise  a  university 
with  faculties  of  law,  art,  science,  and  modicino,  a  Roman 
Catholic  theological  college,  a  Jesuit  college,  a  high  school, 
2  normal  schools,  several  classical  and  scientific  academies, 
and  a  number  of  private  and  public  schools ;  also  2  aflil- 
iatcd  medical  colleges,  one  to  Bishop's  College,  Lennoxville, 
the  other  to  Victoria  College,  Cobourg. 

Montreal  returns  three  members  to  the  Honse  of  Commons 
and  three  to  the  Provincial  Legislature.  It  is  the  seat  of  an 
Anglican  and  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop.  The  climate  in 
sumiuer  is  hot,  often  reaching  90°  in  the  shade,  and  the 
winters  are  severe,  the  temperature  ranging  very  often  from 
lero  to  10°  and  even  30°  below  it.  Pop.  in  1844,  44,093  ; 
in  1851,  37,715;  in  1861,  90,323;  in  1871,  107,225;  in 
1881  (area  increased),  155,237  ;  in  1891,  216,650,— composed 
chiefly  of  French  Canadians,  English,  Irish,  and  Scotch. 

On  the  3d  of  October,  1535,  Jacques  Cartier  first  landed 
here,  and  found  an  Indian  village  called  Hochelaga.  Car- 
tier  named  the  place  Mount  Royal.  It  first  began  to  bo 
settled  by  Europeans  in  1542,  and  exactly  one  century  after- 
wards the  spot  destined  for  the  city  was  named  Vide  Marie, 
a  name  which  it  retained  for  a  long  period.  In  1760  it  was 
taken  by  the  English.  At  this  time  it  was  surrounded  by 
a  wall  flanked  with  eleven  redoubts,  a  ditch,  a  fort,  and  a 
citadel.  Montreal  is  surrounded  by  villages  whose  united 
population  numbers  over  20,000. 

Montreale.    See  Monreale. 
.  Montreal  Island,  Canada.    See  Montreal. 

Montreal  Uiver,  a  small  stream  which  forms  part  of 
the  boundary  between  Wisconsin  and  Michigan.  It  runs 
northwestward,  and  enters  Lake  Superior  at  the  W.  ex- 
tremity of  Ontonagon  co.,  Mich.  It  has  several  falls,  one 
of  which,  nearly  2  miles  from  its  mouth,  is  said  to  bo  90 
feet  high, 

Montredon,  m6N-<'HriM6N->>',  a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn, 
17  miles  E.  of  Alby.     Pop.  794. 

Montr6jeau,  m6x<'*trA*zho',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ilaute- 
Garonnc,  on  the  Garonne,  8  miles  \V,  of  Saint-Gaudens.  It 
has  tanneries,  flour-mills,  and  a  large  factory  of  tricot. 
Pop.  2648. 

MontrelaiS)  miN»Hr?h-li',  a  village  of  France,  in 
L«ire-Inf6rieure,  on  the  Loire,  12  miles  E.  of  Anconis.  Pop. 
1979. 

Montreuil-Bellayf  m6N"HruI' -  bfirii',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Maine-et-Loire,  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Saumur. 
Pop.  2017. 

Montreuil  le  Ch6tif,  m6N»'truI'  l^h  shi'teef,  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  in  Sarthe,  19  miles  W.S.W.  of  Mamers. 

Montreuil-80U8-Bois,m6ji»Hrui'-soo-bwa,  (L.  Mon- 
tteriolum),  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine,  3i  miles  E.  of  Paris. 
Pop.  13,607,  employed  in  manufactures  of  enamelled  leather 
and  fH>rcelain. 

Montreuil"Sar>MeT,  miso'truI'-sUr-maiR,  a  town  of 
France,  in  Pas-de-Calais,  on  the  Canche,  8  miles  from  its 


month,  with  a  station  on  the  Amiens  Uranuh  of  the  N'ortli 
em  Railway,  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Roulogno.  Pup.  lit:;).  ] 
has  a  communal  college,  and  is  enclosed  by  a  rumpnrt  nn 
defended  by  a  strong  hill-fortress. 

Montreiix,  m&ii»Hrnh',  a  village  of  Switwrland, 
Vaud,  on  the  Lake  of  Geneva,  14  miles  8.E.  of  Lauwinni 

Montrevel,  miwHr^h-vfil',  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Aii 
arrondissoinent  of  Bourg,  on  the  Reyssouse.     Pop.  Us5. 

Montrichard,  m6N"*ree*shan',  a  town  of  France, 
Loir-et-Chcr,   on    the  Cher,   18   miles    S.S.W.    of   Bio 
Pop.  2881. 

Montriconx,  mij!«*ree'koo',  a    town  of   Franco 
Tarn-et-Garonno,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Aveyron,  1 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Montauban.     Poj).  1551. 

Montrigaud,  miN^'ree'gO',  a  village  of  Pranoe,  I 
DrOme,  23  miles  N.N.E.  of  Valence.     Pop.  1 144. 

Montrose,  mont-r5z',  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland,  o 
of  Forfar,  34  miles  S.W.  of  Aberdeen.  Lnt.  56<»  42' 30 
N. ;  Ion.  2°  28'  W.  Lines  of  railway  connect  it  with  tl 
principal  towns  of  Scotland.  The  public  buildings  arc  tl 
town  hall,  containing  a  court-room,  news-room,  and  tjubl 
library,  the  lunatic  asylum,  the  infirmary,  the  house  ( 
refuge,  the  museum,  containing  a  valuable  collection,  tl 
academy,  and  a  magnificent  chain  bridge.  The  prinoin 
business  in  Montrose  is  flax-spinning  and  weaving.  Sum 
of  superior  quality  is  manufactured,  and  the  town  hi 
tanneries,  iron-foundries,  a  corn-  and  flour-mill,  and  Bhii 
yards.  The  harbor  of  Montrose  is  one  of  the  best  ( 
the  E.  coast  of  Scotland.  It  is  formed  by  the  entrance  < 
the  South  Esk  into  the  North  Sea,  and  has  good  docks  ai 
quays.  The  quays  and  wet-dock  are  about  li  miles  froi 
the  entrance  of  the  river;  the  latter  is  capable  of  accon 
modating  6000  tons  of  shipping.  The  chief  imports  ai 
flax  and  hemp,  coals,  and  herrings ;  the  exports,  mnnufa 
tured  goods,  grain,  and  cattle.  Steamers  ply  between  .Mon 
rose  and  London,  Loith,  Dundee,  and  Aberdeen.  Montro 
unites  with  Arbroath,  Brechin,  Forfar,  and  Bervie  in  r 
turning  one  member  to  Parliament.     Pop.  (IS'Jl)  13,0 H. 

Montrose,  montVoz',  a  post-oftice  of  Sebastian  co.,  Arl 

Montrose,  a  hamlet  in  Cook  co.,  III.,  on  the  Chicng 
Milwaukee  &,  St.  Paul  Railroad,  at  the  crossing  of  the  Ch 
cago  &  Northwestern  Railroad  (Wisconsin  division),  7  mil' 
N.W.  of  Chicago.  A  branch  railroad  extends  hcnco 
the  Union  Stock-Yards  and  West  Chicago  Railroad  shop 
Here  is  a  church,  also  some  remarkable  artesian  wells. 

Montrose,  a  post-village  of  Effingham  oo.,  III.,  on  tl 
St.  Louis,  Vandalia  A  Torre  Haute  Railroad,  10  miles  1 
by  N,  of  Effingham.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and 
saw-mill.     Pop.  about  150. 

Montrose,  a  post-village  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa,  in  Monfroi 
township,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  at  the  head  of  tl 
lower  rapids,  11  miles  N.  of  Keokuk,  and  32  miles  S.W.  c 
Burlington.  It  is  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Bu 
lington  with  Keokuk,  and  has  3  churches,  an  institute,  4i 
Pop.  in  1890,  778;  of  the  township,  1788. 

Montrose,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md.,  aboi 
32  miles  S.W.  of  Baltimore. 

Montrose,  a  station  in  Middlesex  oo.,  Mass.,  on  a  rai 
road,  li  miles  from  Wakefield.  I 

Montrose,  a  post-township  of  Genesee  co.,  Mich.,  aboi 
20  miles  S.  of  East  Saginaw.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Flii| 
River.     Pop.  856. 

Montrose,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wright  co.,  Minn.,  on  (| 
near  the  St.  Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad,  35  miles  W.  of  -Mill 
neapolis.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill.  ' 

Montrose,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jasper  co..  Miss.,  aboii 
36  miles  W.S.W.  of  Meridian.     It  has  2  churches. 

Montrose,  a  post-village  in  Deepwater  township,  Ilenr 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  i 
miles  S.W.  of  Sedalia,  and  37  miles  N.N.E.  of  Nevada.  J 
has  4  churches  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  644.  j 

Montrose,  a  post-hamlet  and  sUtion  of  AVestchcsl«;| 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River  Railroad,  39  miles  N.  o 
New  York. 

Montrose,  a  post-hamlct  of  Summit  co.,  0.,  about 
miles  N.AV.  of  Akron. 

Montrose,  Alleghany  co..  Pa.    See  IIocstojt. 

Montrose,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Susquehann 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  42  miles  N.  of  Wiikesbarre,  and  22  mil* 
S.  of  Binghamton,  N.Y.  It  contains  7  churches,  2  news 
paper  offices,  a  national  bank,  a  graded  school,  and  man 
ufacturos  of  farming-implements,  leather,  Ac.  The  Mont 
rose  Railroad  extends  from  this  place  to  Tunkhannock 
Pop.  in  1890,  1735. 

Montrose,  a  village  of  Smith  co.,  Tcnn.,  30  miles  E.  c 
Gallatin.     It  has  3  churches.  j 

Montl^ose,  a  post-hamlct  of  Dane  co.,  Wis.,  in  Mont| 


MON 


1883 


MOO 


oso  township,  14  miles  W-S-W.  of  Oregon  Station.  It  has 
I  ohuroh.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1079. 
I  Montrose,  a  post-village  in  Welland  co.,  Ontario,  on 
jho  Welland  llivcr,  4J  miles  from  Port  Robinson.  P.  100. 
I  Montrose,  a  post-village  in  Prince  co.,  Prince  Edward 
Island,  47  miles  from  Georgetown.  Pop.  200. 
Montrose  Depot,  a  post-villago  of  Susquehanna  co., 

':i.  on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  34 

lilcs  N.  of  Scranton,  and  8  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Montrose. 
Mont'ross',  a  post-village,  capital  of  AVestmoreland 

).  Va.,  on  the  Northern  Neck,  6  miles  S.  of  the  Potomac 

i;iror,  and  about  60  miles  N.E.  of  Richmond.  It  has  2 
lurches.  Pop.  about  250. 
Montrouge,  m6x»^roozh',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine, 
rming  a  southern  suburb  of  Paris,  beyond  the  fortifications. 
op.  6371.  Here  is  the  entrance  to  the  catacombs  extend- 
fi"  beneath  Paris.  The  commune  of  Petit-Montrouge  is 
jjw  enclosed  by  the  fortifications. 

•  Mont-Saint-Aubert,  m6N<»-s4Nt-5'baiR',  a  village  of 
elcium,  in  Hainaut,  33  miles  W.N.W.  of  Mons. 
Mont  Saint  Hilaire,  m6N»  sist  ee'liR',  a  post-village 

llouville  CO.,  Quebec,  3J  miles  from  St.  llilaire  Station. 

contains  a  Roman  Catholic  church,  2  carding-mills,  a 
ix-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  2  stores.     Pop.  200. 
Mont- Saint"  Jean,  m6N>»-s3,!j»-zh5N»,  a  village  of  Bel- 
iim,  in  South  Brabant,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Brussels,  immedi- 
(jly  E.  of  the  field  where  was  fought  the  action  of  AVater- 
■.  called  by  the  French  the  battle  of  Mont-Saint-Jean. 
Mont -Saint -Michel,   m6N°-siN<»-mee'8hfir,  a  pic- 
rcsquc,  steep,  and  fortified   rock  off  the  coast  of  Nor- 
•andy,  in  Cancale  Bay,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Avranches.     On 
'I  summit  is  an  abbey,  founded  in  the  eighth  century, 
istcred  around  which  is  an  irregular  town.     Pop.  1056. 
Moutschan,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Montjoie. 
Montsech,  mont-slk',  a  range  of  mountains  in  Spain, 
J.talonia,  province  of  Lerida,  stretching   from  E.  to  W. 
lout  20  miles. 

fMontserrat,  a  mountain  of  Spain.  See  Mojjserrat. 
IMont^serrat',  or  Mon^serrat',  a  British  West  In- 
i  island,  colony  of  the  Leeward  Islands,  lat.  16°  45'  N., 
I.  61°  W.,  is  12  miles  in  length  and  8  miles  in  maximum 

'iidth.  Area,  47  square  miles.  It  is  mountainous,  and 
hch  broken,  with  a  volcanic  soil,  and  is  well  adapted  to 
war-  and  coflfec-culture.  It  exports  also  some  cotton, 
I  ow-root,  and  fruit.     It  is  called  the  most  healthful  and 

asant  of  the  West  India  Islands.     It  has  a  local  govern- 

nt  of  its  own.     Capital,  Plymouth.     Pop.  8693. 

Hont'serrat',  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Mo. 

Hontsurs,  m6s<>'suR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Mayenne, 
^  miles  E.X.E.  of  Laval.     Pop.  1907. 
Monts  Verts,  the  French  for  Vermont. 
jdont-Tendre,  m6xo-t5Nd'r,  one  of  the  Jura  Moun- 

is,  Switzerland,  canton  of  Vaud,  on  the  S.E.  side  of  Lake 

X,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Lausanne.     Height,  5538  feet. 

lontu-Beccaria,  mon'too-bfik-kd're-d,  a  town   of 

ly,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Voghera,  on  the  Versa,  an  affluent 
'hePo.    Pop.  3252. 

lontu  de  Gabbi,  m6n'too  d.\  gib'bee,  a  village  of 

y,  province  of  Pavia,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Voghera,  on 
I  Versa,  an  affluent  of  the  Po. 

lontuiri,  mon-twee-ree',  a  town  of  the  Balearic  Isles, 
.    irca,  17  miles  E.  of  Palma.     Pop.  2085. 

lontvale,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.     See  East  Woburv. 

lont'vale,  a  post-office  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  New 
V'ey  &  New  York  Railroad,  26  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City. 

iontvalc,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  Te.x.,  85 
I  :s  W.  of  Waco.     It  has  2  or  3  churches. 

[ontvaie  Springs,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort 
c  :lount  CO.,  Tenn.,  is  at  the  foot  of  Chilhowee  Mountain, 

-  inies  S.  of  Ivnoxville.  Here  are  mineral  springs,  con- 
t  ing  sulphates  of  magnesia,  soda,  and  lime. 

lont  Ventoux,  mb^o  v6N<"'too',  a  mountain  of  France, 
irtinent  of  Vaucluse,  near  the  frontier  of  the  depart- 

-  t  of  Drome.     Height,  6263  feet. 

fontville,  a  village  of  France.    See  Monville. 

-ont'ville,  a  post-village  of  New  London  co.,  Conn., 
"|tl«ntville  township,  about  36  miles  S.E.  of  Hartford. 
f;  township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Thames  River, 
a;  is  intersected  by  the  New  London  Northern  Railroad, 
0,  hich  is  Montville  Station,  6  miles  N.  of  New  London. 
*;  of  the  township  in  1890,  2.344. 

,  ontville,  a  post-hamlet  of  AValdo  co.,  Me.,  in  Mont- 
'^  township,  about  17  miles  W.  of  Belfast.  Pop.  of  town- 
s'- ,  1467.  ' 

ontville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  about 
f ;  '"*/  y^-  '*f  Springfield.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufac- 
»>  1  of  keelers  and  hand-rakes. 


IMontville,  a  post-village  in  Mountville  township,  Mor- 
ris CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Morris  Canal,  and  on  the  Delaware, 
Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  about  12  miles  W.  of 
Paterson.    It  has  a  tannery,  a  flour-mill,  and  iron-works. 

Montville,  a  hamlet  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  about  20 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Auburn. 

Montville,  a  post-village  of  Geauga  co.,  0.,  in  Mont- 
ville township,  about  38  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cleveland.  It  hjia 
2  churches  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  of  township,  705. 

Montville,  a  township  of  Medina  cc,  0.  Pop.  1087. 
It  contains  a  part  of  Medina. 

Monucco,  mo-nook'ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont, 
20  miles  N.W.  of  Asti. 

Mon'ument,  a  post-office  of  Pima  co.,  Arizona. 

Monument,  a  post-village  of  El  Paso  co..  Col.,  on  Mon  ■ 
ument  Creek,  and  on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railroad, 
56  miles  S.  of  Denver.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Monument,  a  station  in  Wallace  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  288  miles  W.  of  Junction  City. 

Monument,  a  post-village  of  Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  oa 
the  N.E.  shore  of  Buzzard's  Bay,  and  on  the  Cape  Cod 
division  of  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  65  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Boston. 

Monument,  a  post-oflSee  of  Grant  co.,  Oregon. 

Monument,  a  station  in  Box  Elder  co.,  Utah,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  77  miles  N.W.  of  Ogden.  It  is 
near  Spring  Bay,  a  part  of  Great  Salt  Lake. 

Monument  Beach,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort 
of  Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  in  Sandwich  township,  on  the  sea- 
co.ast,  and  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad.  Cranberries  and 
oj'sters  abound  here. 

Monument  City,  a  post-oflice  of  Huntington  co.,  Ind. 

Monument  Creek,  Colorado,  runs  southward  in  El 
Paso  CO.,  and  enters  Fountain  Creek  at  Colorado  City.  It 
is  celebrated  for  its  unique  scenery. 

Monville,  or  Montville,  m6N°Veer,  a  village  of 
France,  in  Seine-Inferieure,  on  the  Paris  &  Havre  Railway, 
10  miles  N.  of  Rouen.     Pop.  1405. 

Mony,  a  town  of  France.     See  Mouy. 

Mon'ymusk,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  19  milei 
W.N.W.  of  Aberdeen.     Pop.  996. 

Monxos,  Los,  Pacifio  Ocean.    See  Moxjos,  Los. 

Monza,  mon'zA  (ano.  Modicia),  a  town  of  Northern 
Italy,  province  and  9  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Milan, 
and  on  the  Lambro,  which  divides  it  into  two  parts  and 
is  here  crossed  by  3  bridges.  Its  site  is  somewhat  ele- 
vated, and  its  air  remarkably  pure  and  health3r.  In  early 
times  it  was  surrounded  by  walls  and  defended  by  a  castle, 
but  these  have  almost  disapj)eared,  and  great  improvements 
have  been  made  by  levelling  and  planting  the  ramparts. 
The  streets  are  regular  and  paved  with  flints.  The  most 
remarkable  edifices  are  the  cathedral  of  St.  John  the  Bap- 
tist, founded  in  the  seventh  century  by  the  Lombard  queen 
Theodelinda,  sub.sequently  repaired  and  enlarged,  and  now 
forming  a  beautiful  structure,  surmounted  by  a  lofty  spire, 
adorned  by  sculptures  and  paintings,  and  so  rich  in  curious 
and  interesting  articles  as  to  bo  a  kind  of  medioeval  mu- 
seum ;  the  church  of  San  Gerardo,  in  the  form  of  a  rotunda, 
and  several  other  handsome  churches;  the  town  hall,  an 
Italian  Gothic  structure;  the  royal  palace,  the  Barnabito 
college,  diocesan  seminar}',  gymnasium,  handsome  theatre, 
penitentiary,  house  of  industry,  mout-de-piete,  and  hospital. 
In  the  town  and  immediate  neighborhood,  above  5000  looms 
are  employed  in  weaving  cotton  goods,  especially  fustians. 
There  are  also  manufactures  of  hats,  leather,  bricks,  tiles, 
and  sausages,  for  which  the  town  has  long  been  famous. 
Under  the  Romans,  Monza  made  some  progress,  but  did  not 
attain  its  highest  prosperity  till  the  time  of  the  Lombards, 
who  fortified  it  and  made  it  the  capital  of  their  kingdom- 
After  their  fall  it  was  for  a  time  independent,  but  after- 
wards became  a  dependency  of  Milan.     Pop.  25,771. 

Monzambano,  mon-zlra-bd'no,  a  town  of  Northera 
Italy,  18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mantua.     Pop.  2745. 

Monze,  Cape.    See  Cape  Monze. 

Monzingen,  raont'sing-?n,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, 39  miles  S.  of  Coblentz,  on  the  Nahe.     Pop.  1168. 

Monzon,  mon-thOn',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  33 
miles  S.E.  of  Huesca,  on  the  Cinca.     Pop.  4683. 

Mooab,  Mouab,  or  Muab,  moo-S,b',  a  town  of  Ara- 
bia, in  Yemen,  60  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sana. 

Mooalitch,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Muhai.itch. 

Moodania,  Moudania,  or  Mudania,  moo-dd,'ne-a, 
a  village  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the  Sea  of  Marmora,  15  miles 
N.W.  of  Brusa,  and  the  place  of  embarkation  of  travellers 
thence  to  Constantinople,  with  which  city  it  has  steam 
communication. 

Mood'kee,  a  village  of  Northwestern  India,  28  miles 


MOO 


1884 


MOO 


6>B.  of  Forosopoor.  Hero,  in  1S45,  the  first  aotion  took 
plaa«  b«twooo  the  Sikhs  and  the  British  foroos. 

Mood'oaf  m  smalt  po8t-village  in  New  Windsor  town- 
ship, Orange  oo.,  N.Y.,  about  50  miles  N.  of  Now  York 
City.    It  has  flnx-works. 

Moodoorly^or  Mudurly,  moo-door'lo,  a  town  of  Asia 
Hlnor,  province  of  Kustamuonee,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Boli. 
Pop.  6000. 

Moo'das,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Conn.,  on 
the  Salmon  River,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Connecticut  Uiver, 
4  miles  N.E.  of  Qoodspoed's  Station,  and  about  24  miles 
8.S.E.  of  Hartford.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper,  and 
several  cotton-factories  which  make  duck  and  twine. 

Moody*  moo'de,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  South 
Dakota,  bordering  on  Minnesota.  Area,  about  500  square 
uiilos.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Big  Sioux  River.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating,  and  is  nearly  all  prairie;  the  soil  is 
fertile.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St. 
Paul  Railroad.     Capital,  Flandreau.     Pop.  in  18«0,  5941. 

Moodyville*  moo'de-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Green  co., 
Ky.,  30  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Lebanon. 

3Iooers«  moorz,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Mooors  township,  on  the  Chazy  River,  and  on  the  Ogdensburg 
Jt,  Lake  Cbamplain  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Now  York 
&  Canada  Railroad,  20  miles  N.  of  Plattsburg,  and  12  miles 
AV.  of  Rouse's  Point.  It  has  3  churches,  a  tannery,  several 
mills  for  flour  and  lumber,  and  about  100  houses.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  4543. 

Mooers  Forks,  or  Centreville,  a  post-village  of 
Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Mooers  township,  on  the  Chazy  River, 
and  on  the  Ogdensburg  &  Lake  Chain))lain  Itaiiroiul,  42  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Malone.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  2 
lumber-mills,  &o.  The  name  of  its  post-otBco  is  Mooers 
Forks.     Pop.  about  400. 

Mooi  River  Dorp,  Africa.    See  PorcnEFSTROM. 

Moojabad,  moo-ji-b4d',  a  considerable  town  of  India, 
dominions  and  30  miles  S.W.  of  Joypoor.  It  has  a  mosque, 
some  good  gardens,  and  several  Jain  temples. 

Alook,  mok,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Limburg, 
30  miles  N-.N.W.  of  Venloo. 

IMookden,  Moukden,  or  Mukden,  mookMJn', 
Shin-Yang,  or  Chin-Yang,  shin-y&ng',  or  Fung- 
Thian,  fiing'-t'he-4n',  a  city  of  Manchooria,  capital  of 
the  province  of  Loao-Tong.  on  an  eminence  about  380  miles 
N.E.  of  Peking.  Lat.  41"  50'  N. ;  Ion.  123°  20'  E.  It  was 
the  last  residence  of  the  Manchoo  sovereigns  before  their 
conquest  of- China,  and  the  place  where  the  early  emperors 
of  the  reigning  dynasty  are  buried.  It  is  the  seat  of  several 
superior  tribunals  and  of  a  Chinese  viceroy.  It  is  walled, 
and  has  a  largo  trade.     Pop.  140,000.     See  Lkao-Tono. 

Moo'ln,  or  Mughia,  mooii'li,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor, 
130  miles  S.E.  of  Smyrna.     Pop.  10,000. 

Moola  (moo'14)  (or  Gundava,  gun-di'vi)  Pass, 
Beloochistan,  leads  from  Gundava  to  Kelat,  along  the  val- 
ley of  the  Moola,  an  affluent  of  the  Indus,  itfl  centre  being 
in  lat.  28°  N.,  Ion.  67°  E.,  and  its  elevation  4000  feet. 

Moo'leyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Breckenridge  co.,  Ky., 
about  60  miles  S.W.  of  Louisville.     It  has  a  church. 

Moolkier,  mool-keen',  a  town  of  India,  province  of 
Candeish,  on  the  Moosur,  82  miles  E.S.E.  of  Surat. 

Mooloopetta,  moo-loo-pit'ti,  a  maritime  town  of 
British  India,  presidency  of  Madras,  124  miles  N.E.  of 
Cape  Comorin,  and  a  resort  of  invalids. 

Mooltan,  Moultan,  or  Multan,  mool-tiln',  a  city 
of  the  Punjab,  164  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Lahore,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Chenaub,  from  which  it  is  distant  about  3 
miles.  Lat.  30°  8'  N.;  Ion.  71°  28'  E.  It  is  upwards  of 
3  miles  in  circumference,  and  is  surrounded  by  a  wall,  and 
overlooked  on  the  N.  by  a  fortress  of  some  strength.  The 
houses  are  of  brick,  have  flat  roofs,  and  sometimes  rise  to  a 
height  of  six  stories,  their  loftiness  giving  a  gloomy  appear- 
ance to  the  narrow  streets.  The  bazaars  are  extensive,  but 
inconveniently  narrow.  The  princijial  manufactures  are 
silks,  cottons,  shawls,  pongees,  brocades,  and  tissues.  Mool- 
t.an  has  »n  extensive  trade  with  the  countries  \V.  of  the 
Indus,  and  a  large  banking-business.  The  fortress,  built 
in  1640,  on  the  site  of  the  old  city,  stands  on  a  mound  of 
earth,  and  is  surrounded  by  a  wall  about  40  feet  high  out- 
side and  surmounted  by  towers.  The  vicinity  is  covered 
with  a  vast  quantity  of  ruins  of  extensive  edifices.  The 
gardens  around  arc  numerous  and  well  stocked  with  fruit 
trees.  Mooltan  is  one  of  the  most  ancient  cities  in  India; 
it  was  taken  by  the  Mohammedans  at  the  close  of  the  eighth 
century,  again  at  the  commencement  of  the  eleventh,  and 
a  third  time  by  Tamerlane  at  the  close  of  the  fourteenth. 
Latterly  it  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  Sikhs,  from  whom  it 
ir»s  Uken  by  the  British  in  1849.     Pop.  (18Ui;  74,510. 


Mooltan,  a  division  of  the  Punjab,  India,  oompriiii 
the  districts  of  Mooltan,  Jung,  Montgomery,  and  Aiotu 
fergurh.  Area,  20,156  square  miles.  I'op.  1,174.574.  Tl 
DisTiiiCT  of  Mooltan,  in  the  Buree  Doab,  ha.t  an  nrca  ( 
5U27  square  miles.     Ca])ital,  Mooltan.     Pop.  471,503. 

Moon,  an  island  of  Russia.     See  Moem. 

Moon,  Muskegon  co.,  Mich.     See  Momtoombrt. 

Moon,  a  post- township  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  about ' 
miles  W.  of  Pittsburg,  is  bounded  on  the  N.H.  by  the  Oh 
River.  Pon.  1230.  It  contains  a  small  humlut,  Doiui 
Moon,  and  naa  coal-beds. 

Moon,  a  township  of  Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  bounded  E.  at 
N.W,  by  the  Ohio  River.  Some  coal  is  mined,  and  mm 
sandstone  is  quarried  for  builders'  use.     Pup.  930. 

Moonchy,  moon'chee,  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Dooca 
Nizam's  dominions,  on  the  Godavery,  38  miles  S.S.E.  ( 
Aurungabad. 

Moon'dcr,  or  Moon'dra,  a  large  village  of  Sindo, ; 
miles  N.  of  Sehwan.     Lat.  20°  47'  N. ;  Ion.  07°  54'  E. 

Mooney,  Jackson  co.,  Ind.     See  Clear  Spnijro. 

Moo'ney,  a  township  of  Polk  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1200. 

Mooney's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Barron  co..  Wis., '. 
miles  from  Clayton  Station.     Here  is  a  steaui  saw-mill. 

Moongailee,  or  Mungeli,  moon-gd'leo,  a  town  i 
India,  Belaspoor  district,  on  the  river  Agar,  35  mil 
W.S.W.  of  Ruttunpoor.  It  is  the  seat  of  an  active  trad 
Pop.  3512. 

Moon'hull,  a  post-office  of  Newton  co..  Ark. 

Moons,  moonz,  a  post-office  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.'i 
on  the  Dunkirk,  Alleghany  Valley  it  Pittsburg  Railroa 
18  miles  S.  of  Dunkirk. 

Moons,  a  post-hauilet  of  Fayette  co.,  0.,  in  Green  tow 
ship,  about  18  miles  E.  of  Wilmington.     It  has  2  cburcbt 

Moon's,  a  township  of  Newberry  co.,  S.C.    Pop.  151 

Moon's  Ranch,  a  post-office  of  Tehama  oo.,  Cal. 

Moonuk,  moo'nuk',  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Sikh  ten 
tory,  117  miles  N.W.  of  Delhi. 

Moon'ville,  a  hamlet  in  Vinton  co.,  0.,  on  the  Mai 
ctta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  13  miles  W.  of  Athens.  Nea 
est  post-office,  llo\>e  Furnace,  1  mile  distant. 

Moor,  Africa.    See  Morocco. 

Moor,  or  Mor,  mor,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and 
miles  N.W.  of  Stuhlweissenburg.  Pop.  6974.  It  has 
citadel,  a  monastery,  barracks,  several  churches,  and  a  tra 
in  superior  wines. 

Moor,  a  ])ost-office  of  Fairfax  co.,  Va. 

Moorad-  (Mourad-  or  Murad-)  Chai,  moo-r&d 
chl,  a  river  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  and  the  E.  branch  of  the  E 
phrates,  rises  about  50  miles  S.W,  of  Mount  Ararat,  flo' 
westward,  and  joins  the  Kara-Soo  about  85  miles  N.X.\ 
of  Diarbekir. 

Moorafa,  Monrafa,  or  Murafa,  moo-rl'fl,  a  tov 
of  Russia,  in  Podolia,  37  miles  N.  of  Yampol. 

3Ioorashkino,  Mourashkino,  or  Murashkint 
moo-rish-kee'no,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  ■ 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Nizhnee-Novgorod.  Pop.  8000,  emjiloy 
in  manufactures  of  leather,  soap,  and  ho.-'iery. 

Moorburg,  mon'booRC,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  tl 
territory  and  4  miles  S.  of  the  city  of  Hamburg.  I'op.  178 

Moordrecht,  moR'dr^Kt,  a  village  of  the  Ncthorlanc 
in  South  Holland,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Rotterdam.     Pop.  220 

Moore,  mor,  a  county  of  North  Carolina,  is  near  tl 
middle  of  the  state.  Area,  about  924  square  miles.  It 
drained  by  Deep,  Little,  and  Lumber  Rivers.  The  Caj 
Fear  River  touches  its  eastern  extremity.  The  Furf;ice 
undulating  or  hilly,  and  nearly  half  of  it  is  covered  wit 
forests  of  yellow  pine,  ash,  hickory,  &c.  Indian  cor 
wheat,  cotton,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  product 
Triassio  coal  has  been  mined  here.  This  county  is  parti 
traversed  by  the  Raleigh  &  Augusta  Railroad,  which  coi 
nects  with  Carthage,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,040;  i 
1880,  16,821;  in  1890,  20,479. 

Moore,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Tennessee.  Are 
170  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  Elk  Rive 
The  surface  is  diversified  by  ridges,  and  ])artly  covered  b 
forests  of  chestnut,  hickory,  oak,  poplar,  walnut,  and  Iocuk 
The  soil  is  fertile,  and  produces  wheat,  Indian  corn,  ari 
oats.  Limestone  is  found  in  this  county,  which  is  traverstj 
bv  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  A  St.  Louis  Railroad.  Cajl 
ital.  Lynchburg.     Pop.  in  1880,  6233;  in  1890,  5975. 

Moore,  a  county  in  the  Panhandle  of  Texas,  is  tr.ii 
ersed  by  the  Canadian  River.  Area,  900  square  mile 
Pop.  in  1890,  15.  j 

Moore,  a  township  of  Oregon  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  740.      | 

Moore,  a  township  of  Shannon  co..  Mo.    Pop.  309. 

Moore,  a  township  of  Northampton  co.,  Pa.  Po] 
2544,  exclusive  of  the  borough  of  Chapman. 


MOO 


1885 


MOO 


Moore»  a  station   of  Westmoreland   co.,  Pa.,  on   the 
ttsburg,  Washington   &  Baltimore  Railroad,  27i   miles 
E.  of  Pittsburg. 
3Ioorefield,  mor'feeld,  a  post-village  of  Switzerland 

Ind.,  in  Pleasant  township,  14  miles  E.N.B.  of  Madi- 
n.    It  has  3  churches. 

Moorefield,  a  post-village  of  Nicholas  co.,  Ky.,  about 
miles  N.E.  of  Lexington.     It  has  a  church,  and  a  male 
1(1  female  institute, 

Moorefieltl,  a  township  of  Clarke  co.,  0,     Pop.  1268, 
ooreficld  Station  is  at  New  Moorefield. 
Moorefield,  apost-villagein  Moorefield  township,  Ilar- 
;on  CO.,  0.,  about  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cadiz,  and  28  miles 
.N.W,  of  AVhceiing,  W.  Va.      It  has  a   church  and  a 
nnery.    Pop.  289;  of  the  toAvnship,  1117. 
Moorefield,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hardy  co.,  W. 
I.  on  the  South  Branch  of  the  Potomac  River,  about  130 
lies  S.E.  of  Wheeling,  and  H  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Cumber- 
tid,  Md.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  an  academy,  3  churches, 
female  institute,  and  a  tannery.    Pop.  in  1890,  496. 
Moorefield,  a  post-village  in  Wellington  co.,  Ontario, 
the  river  Conestogo,  and  on  a  railway,  23  miles  AV.N.W. 
Elora.    It  contains  a  stave-  and  shingle-factory,  a  grist- 
ill,  3  hotels,  and  4  stores.     Pop.  400. 
rMoorefield  Junction,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hampshire 
L  AV.  Va.,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Keyser.     It  has  2  churches. 
Moorehead,  Minnesota.    See  MoonHEAD. 
Moore  Park,  a  post-hamlet  in  Park   township,  St. 
seph  CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern 
vilroad,  20  miles  S.  of  Kalamazoo.     It  has  2  churches. 
Moore  (mOr)  Point,  of  West  Australia,  is  in  lat.  28° 
'  S.,  Ion.  114°  37'  40"  E. 

Moore's,  a  station  in  Mercer  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Belvi- 
re  Delaware  Railroad,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Trenton. 
Moore's,  a  station  in  Mercer  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Dela- 
ire  &  Bound  Brook  Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of  Pennington. 
Moore's,  New  York.    See  Moore's  Mill. 
Moore's,  a  station  on  the  Philadelphia,  AVilmington  & 
Itimore  Railroad.     See  Ridleyville. 
iMoore's,  a  post-office  of  Tyler  co,  W.  Va.,  10  miles 
E.  of  Middlebourne. 

Mooresborough,  mSrz'biir-rah,   a    post-hamlet    of 
iveland  co.,  N.C.,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Shelby. 
Moore's  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Tuscaloosa  co.,  Ala. 
Mooresburg,  morz'burg,  post-office,  Pulaski  co.,  Ind. 
Mooresburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montour  co..  Pa.,  on 
)  Catawissa  &  Williamsport  Railroad,  6  miles  W.N.W, 
Danville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  pottery.     Pop.  125. 
Hooresburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hawkins  co.,  Tenn.,  8 
les  N.W.  of  Whitesburg.    It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 
Moore's  Corners.    See  Saikt  Armand  Station. 
Moore's  Creek,  Bois6  co.,  Idaho,  is  an  alBuent  of 
1  Bois6  River.     It  flows  nearly  southwestward. 
Moore's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Ky.,  18 
les  N.E.  of  Livingston. 

Moore's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pender  co.,  N.C., 
•nt  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Wilmington.     It  has  2  churches. 
Moore's  Flat,  a  post-village  of  Nevada  co.,  Cal.,  20 
es  E.N.E.  of  Nevada  City,  and  about  80  miles  N.E.  of 
I  tramento.     It  has  a  church  and  a  bank. 
ittoore's   Hill,   a  post-village  in   Sparta    township, 
irborn  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio  <fc  Mississippi  Railroad,  40 
cs  W.  of  Cincinnati,  and  about  32  miles  N.N.E.  of  Mad- 
1.    It  has  2  churches.    P.  617.    Here  is  Moore's  Hill  Col- 
3  (Methodist  Episcopal),  which  was  organized  in  1854. 
»Ioore's  Landing,  Texas.    See  Sulphur  Station. 
jdoore's  Mill,  a  post-hamlct  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y., 
f  r  Moore's  Station  on  the  Dutchess  &  Columbia  Railroad, 
Imiles  N.E.  of  Newburg.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 
jloore's  Mill,  a  station  in  Cumberland  co..  Pa.,  on 
f,  Harrisburg  &  Potomac  Railroad,  10  miles  W.S.W.  of 
■i  unt  Holly  Springs. 

loore's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Newton  co..  Miss. 
loore's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Wake  co.,  N.C.,  about 
1  niles  E.  of  Raleigh.     Here  is  a  flour-mill. 

loore's  Mills,  a  post-settlement  in  Charlotte  co., 
y  Brunswick,  on  a  railway,  7i  miles  from  St.  Stephen. 
Y  300. 

! loore's  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-office   in  Moore's 
nship,  Jefferson   co..  111.,   about   30   miles   E.N.E.  of 
luoin. 
loore's  Salt-Works,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co., 
ibout  37  miles  S.E.  of  Canton. 
Ijoore's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Butte  co.,  Cal. 
loore's  Station,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind., 
0;  he  Eel  River  Railroad,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Auburn.     It 
iresville  Station. 


■ 


Moore's  Station,  a  post-village  in  Missisquoi  eo., 
Quebec,  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railway,  23  miles  S.S.B. 
of  St.  John's.     It  has  a  telegraph  office.     Pop.  125. 

Moore's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shenandoah  co.,  Va., 
6  miles  N.  of  Timberville  Station.  It  has  a  church,  and 
manufactures  of  ploughs,  iron  castings,  and  wagons. 

Moorcstown,  morz'town,  a  post-village  in  Chester 
township,  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  railroad  which  con- 
nects Camden  with  Mount  Holly,  9  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Cam- 
den.   It  has  6  churches,  a  flour-mill,  <fcc.     P.  about  2000. 

Moorestown,  a  post-hamlet  in  Moore  township,  North- 
ampton CO.,  Pa.,  about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Easton.  It  has  a 
slate-quarry. 

Mooresville,  morz'vll,  a  post-village  of  Limestone  co., 
Ala.,  2  miles  from  the  Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad,  and 
17  miles  S.W.  of  Huntsville.  It  has  2  churches  and  sev- 
eral stores.     Pop.  165. 

Mooresville,  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind.    See  Moore's  Station. 

Mooresville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Floyd  co.,  Ind.,  3  or  4 
miles  N.W.  of  New  Albany.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
wagon-shop.     Here  is  Floyd's  Knobs  Post-Office. 

Mooresville,  a  post-village  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind.,  on 
White  Lick  Creek,  and  on  the  Indianapolis  &  Vincennea 
Railroad,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  a  news- 
paper office,  a  bank,  3  churches,  and  a  high  school.  Pop. 
in  1890,  891.     W 

Mooresville,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Ky. 

Mooresville,  a  post-village  in  Mooresville  township, 
Livingston  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chillicothc.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  flour-mill.  The  township  is  drained  by  Grand  River. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1092. 

Mooresville,  a  post-village  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C.,  on  thr 
Atlantic,  Tennessee  &  Ohio  Railroad,  31  miles  N.  of  Char- 
lotte.    It  has  4  general  stores.     Pop.  in  1 890,  886. 

Moorosville,  a  hamlet  in  Harrison  township,  Ross  cc^ 
0.,  7  milos  E.  of  Chillicothe. 

Mooresville,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Tenn., 
about  55  miles  S.  of  Nashville.  It  has  a  church  and  the 
Mooresville  Institute. 

Mooresville,  a  post-village  of  Falls  eo.,  Te.^.,  15  miles 
W.  of  Marlin,  and  20  miles  S.  of  Waco.  It  has  a  church,  a 
steam  mill,  &o. 

Mooresville,  a  post-office  of  Monongalia  co.,  W.  Va. 

Moore's  Vineyard,  vin'yard,  a  post-office  of  Bar- 
tholomew CO.,  Ind.,  about  10  miles  S.AV.  of  Columbus. 

Mooretown,  mor'town,  a  village  of  Jamaica,  30  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Kingston.     Pop.  547. 

Mooretown,  mor'tSwn,  a  post-village  in  Lambton  co., 
Ontario,  on  the  river  St.  Clair,  the  terminus  of  a  branch  of 
the  Canada  Southern  Railway,  67  miles  from  St.  Thomas. 
It  has  2  hotels,  6  stores,  and  several  mills,  and  has  a  trade 
in  wood  and  country  produce.  Steamers  ply  between  here 
and  Detroit.     Pop.  400, 

Mooreville,  mor'vil,  a  post-hamlet  in  Geneseo  town- 
ship, Tama  co.,  Iowa,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Waterloo.  It 
has  a  flour-mill. 

Mooreville,  Michigan.     See  York. 

Mooreville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co..  Miss.,  9  miles  E. 
of  Tupelo.     It  has  an  academy  and  3  churches. 

Mooreville,  a  village  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  in 
Sewickley  township,  on  the  Youghiogheny  River,  and  on 
the  Pittsburg,  Washington  &  Baltimore  Railroad,  28  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a  church,  a  distillery,  and  a 
colliery. 

Moorghaub,  moor'gawb',  Mourghab,  or  Miir- 
ghab,  moor^ga,b',  written  also  Moorgaub  and  Mour- 
gab,  a  river  of  Afghanistan  and  Toorkistan,  rises  in  the 
Huzareh  country,  flows  N.W.  into  Khiva,  and  beyond 
Merw  is  lost  in  the  sands,  after  a  course  of  about  250  miles. 

Moorghaub,  or  Murghab,  moor'gib',  a  town  of 
Persia,  province  of  Fars,  70  miles  N.E.  of  Sheeraz,  imme- 
diately N.  of  the  ruins  of  Pasarcjadse. 

Moorhead,  mor'hcd,  a  post-office  of  Monona  co.,  Iowa, 
15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Onawa. 

Moorhead,  or  Moorehead,  mor'hSd,  a  post- village, 
capital  of  Clay  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  Red  River  of  the  North, 
and  on  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  253  miles  W.  <if 
Duluth.  It  is  situated  in  a  level  and  fertile  region,  and  is 
about  900  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  It  is  one  of  the 
most  important  stations  on  the  railroad.  It  has  a  high 
school,  several  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  large  flouring- 
mills  and  elevators,  and  numerous  other  business  concerns. 
Pop.  in  1880,  475 ;  in  1890,  2088. 

Moor'headville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  at  Morehead's 
Station,  11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Erie.    It  has  a  flour-mill. 


MOO 


1886 


MOO 


Moorhur*  or  Murhar«  moor'bUr',  »  river  of  India, 
130  milM  long,  joio«  the  Puonpoon  near  it«  mouth  in  the 
Oanre^  »  few  miles  from  Putna.  It  rt«08  in  lat.  24°  8'  N., 
Ion.  84°  SO'  E.,  and  hivii  a  gonorally  N.  course. 

Moor'ing'a  Port,  a  post-offioo  of  Caddo  parish,  La., 
on  Caddd  Lake,  about  22  miles  N.W.  of  ShreveporU 
Moorish,  Africa.    See  Morocco. 
Muur'laiid,  township,  Muskegon  oo.,  Micb.    Pop.  213. 
Muurlnnd,  a  po»t-hamlet  of  Wayne  oo.,  0.,  0  or  7  wiles 
6.  of  Wooster.     Pon.  C». 

Moortey,  moor'lec,  formerly  Jcssore,  jfis-sOr',  a  town 
of  Bengal,  district  of  Jossore,  06  miles  N.E.  of  Calcutta. 

Moorlcydur  Serai,  moor-le-d&r'  s^-ri',  a  town  of 
British  India,  40  milos  E.  of  Agra. 

Moor'man's  River,  a  post-office  of  Albemarle  co., 
Va.,  is  at  White  Hall,  a  hamlet  4  miles  N.  of  Mecbum's 
Kivor  Station. 

Moorom,  Mourom,  or  Murom,  moo-rom',  a  town 
of  Russia,  government  and  70  miles  E.S.E.  of  Vladiuieor, 
on  the  Oka.  Pop.  10,703.  It  comprises  a  KremI  or  citadel, 
nnd  two  other  quarters,  a  cathedral  of  the  sixteenth  cen- 
tury, and  upwards  of  17  other  churches  and  several  con- 
vents, and  has  manufactures  of  linens,  leather,  sonp,  and 
earthenwares,  which  lost  articles,  with  a  considerable  quan- 
tity of  corn,  are  exported  to  St.  Petersburg. 

Moor^snum',  Moor^san',  or  3Iursan,  moor'sin',  a 
town  of  India,  Alighur  district,  29  milos  N.  of  Agra.  Pop. 
6113. 

Moorsecle,  a  town  of  Belgium.    See  Moorzgle. 

Moorsel,  mOR's^l,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flan- 
ders, 18  milos  E.S.E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  2960, 

Moorshedabad,  or  JMursliidabad,  moor'sbo-djl- 
bid',  a  district  of  Bengal,  in  lat.  23°  43'  ld"-24°  62'  N., 
Ion.  87°  39'-88°  17'  E.  Area,  2462  square  miles.  It  is 
level  and  fertile,  traversed  by  railways,  and  ]>roductive  of 
rice,  oil,  silk,  indigo,  sugar,  pulse,  <S::c.  Capital,  Berham- 
poor.     Pop.  1,353,626. 

Moorshedabad,  or  Murshidabad,  called  also 
Mukhsuodabad,  3Iuxudavad,  or  Maksiidabad, 
luiix^ooMi-bid',  officially  called  Lai  Bagh,  a  city  of  In- 
dia, formerly  capital  of  Bengal,  in  the  Moorshedabad  dis- 
trict, on  the  Bhagiratbi  arm  of  the  Ganges,  115  milos  N.  of 
Calcutta.  It  was  anciently  a  place  of  great  splendor,  but 
is  now  greatly  decayed.  Among  the  finest  buildings  are 
the  splendid  palace  of  the  Nabob  of  Moorshedabad,  the 
Nizamat  college,  the  Imambarra  (a  mosque),  and  the  na- 
bob's elephant-houses  and  stables.  The  city  has  a  pop.  of 
46,182;  in  1829,  146,176. 

Moorslede,  moRs'l^-dfh,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
West  Flanders,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Ypres.     Pop.  6104. 

Moor'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  l)el.,  on  the  Del- 
aware Railroad,  42  miles  S.  of  Wilmington. 

Moortoo^zapoor',  or  Miirtizapur,  moor-tee^z^.- 
poor',  a  town  of  India,  in  Borar,  28  miles  by  rail  E.  of 
Akola.     Pop.  3897. 

Moorzeic,  mor-zi'l^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  4  miles 
W.  of  Courtrai.     Pop.  of  commune,  3853. 

Moorzook,  Mourzoiik,  or  Murzuk,  moor^zook', 
(ane.  Gar'ama;  Gr.  Tapa.ua.),  a  city  of  Africa,  capital  of 
Fezzan,  in  lat.  25°  54'  N.,  Ion.  14°  12'  E.  Pop.  estimated 
at  3500.  It  is  built  of  brick  cemented  with  mud,  and  has  a 
mosque,  and  a  garrison  of  500  men.  It  was  far  more  im- 
portant a  few  centuries  ago  than  at  present.  Garama  was 
the  capital  of  the  Garnmnn'tes.  The  town  has  a  good 
trade,  chiefly  in  medicinal  drugs,  salt,  soda,  and  slaves. 

Moosa,  Mousa,  or  Musa,  moo'si,  a  town  of  Arabia, 
in  Yemen,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Mocha. 

Moosburg,  mOs'booRG,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Isar, 
29  miles  N.E.  of  Munich.     Pop.  2720. 

Moose,  moos,  a  river  of  British  North  America,  enters 
James's  Bay,  in  conjunction  with  the  Abbitibbe,  after  a 
N.E.  course  estimated  at  2.00  miles. 

Mooscabec  (moo-se-b6k',  or  Mooseapeck,  moo-se- 
pSk')  Light,  on  Nash's  Island,  at  the  entrance  of  Machias 
Bay,  Me.  It  is  a  fixed  light.  Lat.  44°  32'  N. ;  Ion.  7° 
22'  W. 

Moose  Brook,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hants  co.,  Nora 
Scotia,  on  Minos  Basin,  28i  miles  from  Newport.    Pop.  100. 

Moose  Creek,  a  post-ofiice  of  Deer  Lodge  co.,  Mon- 
tana. 

Moose  Ear,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barron  co..  Wis.,  on 
Lake  Shctac,  35  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Chippewa  Falls.  It  has 
a  lumber-mill. 

Moose  Factory,  a  trading-post  of  the  Hudson's  Bay 
Company,  on  James's  Bay,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Moose 
Kiver.  Lat.  51°  N. ;  Ion.  81°  W.  It  is  the  seat  of  the 
A^nglioan  bishop  of  Moosonce. 


Moose  Harbor,  a  village  in  Queens  oo.,  Nova  Sonti 
near  the  entrance  of  Livoriwol  Harbor,  2  miles  from  LU« 
pool.     Pop.  200.  • 

Moosehead,  mooss'hW,  a  post-hamlet  of  Luterne  m 
Pa.,  in  Denison  township,  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  RailrDa. 

24  miles  S.S.E.  of  Wilkosbarro.  It  is  1  mile  from  Tunm 
Station  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  Now  Jersey.  It  Im* 
manufactory  of  yellow  ochre. 

Moosehead  Lake,  .Maine,  forms  part  of  the  boun^ 
ary  between  the  cos.  of  Piscataquis  and  Somerset.  Ii 
about  35  miles  long,  and  10  miles  wide  at  the  broadest  pari 
but  in  some  places  it  is  scarcely  2  miles  wide.  The  wau 
is  deep  and  navigable  for  steamboiUs.  The  outlet  ii  th 
Kennebec  River,  which  Issues  from  the  W.  side  of  the  lnk( 
On  its  shore  rises  Mount  Kineo,  a  mass  of  hornblende  noarl 
1200  feet  high.     Here  is  a  large  summer  hotel. 

Moose  Hil'lock   ( more  correctly,  Moosilonkc), 
mountain  of  New  Hampshire,  in  Grafton  co.,  about  2U  ui'h 
N.N.W.  of  Plymouth.     Height,  4800  feet. 

Moose  Island,  an  island  of  the  West  Indies,  Bahauu 

25  miles  S.E.  of  the  Great  Baliiima  Island. 

Moose  Lake,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Carltoo  co 
Minn.,  in  Moose  Lake  township,  on  the  Lake  Superior  ( 
Mississippi  Railroad,  110  miles  N.  of  St.  Paul.  Pop.  o 
the  township,  134. 

Mooselaiid,  Nova  Scotia.     See  Taxoikr,  Old. 

3100SC  Meadow,  a  post-offico  of  Tolland  oo,.  Conn 
about  15  miles  N.  of  Willimantio, 

Moose  River,  Maine,  rises  in  Franklin  co.,  runs  east 
ward  through  Somerset  co.,  and  enters  Moosohcad  Lake. 

Moose  River,  New  York,  rises  in  Hamilton  co.,  run 
nearly  westward  through  Herkimer  co.,  and  enters  Blac 
River  in  Lewis  oo.,  at  Lyons  Falls. 

Moose  River,  Vermont,  rises  in  Essex  eo.,  runs  south 
westward,  and  enters  the  Passumpsic  nt  St.  Johnsbury, 

Moose  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co..  Me.,  o 
a  river  of  the  same  name,  75  miles  N.N.W.  of  Skowhcgar 
It  has  a  church,  2  hotels,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  of  Moot 
River  Plantation,  104. 

Moose  River,  a  post-bamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
river  of  its  own  name,  about  35  miles  N.  of  Utioa.  It  ba 
2  churches  and  a  tannery. 

Moose  River,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Clemensport. 

Moo8'goo',orMusgu,moos'goo',  a  country  of  Africa 
bounded  N.  by  Bornoo,  E.  by  Baghirmi,  S.  and  W.  b; 
Adamawa.  It  is  a  fertile  region,  with  many  hiUt  ani 
marshes. 

Moosh,  Moush,  or  Mush,  moosh,  a  town  of  Turkisl 
Armenia,  83  miles  S.S.E.  of  Erzroom,  N.  of  the  Nipliatc 
Mountains.  Pop.  about  700  Mohammedan  and  500  Ar 
mcnian  families.  It  has  7  mosques,  4  churches,  good  bt 
zaars,  and  some  trade  with  Constantinople  and  Syria. 

3Ioo'shaitnee,  a  post-office  of  Moore  co.,  N.C. 

Moo'sic,  a  post-village  of  Lackawanna  co.,  Pa.,  on  thi 
Lehigh  <t  Susquehanna  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  th( 
Spring  Brook  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Scranton. 

Moosic  Mountain,  Pennsylvania,  is  a  long  ridge  ii 
Luzerne  co.,  forming  part  of  the  S.E.  boundary  of  the  Wy 
oming  Valley.  It  rises  about  1200  feet  above  the  river 
which  runs  in  that  valley.  The  southwestern  part  of  thL 
ridge  is  called  the  Wyoming  Mountain. 

Moosul,  Asiatic  Turkey.     See  Mosul. 

Moo'sup,  a  small  river  which  rises  in  Rhode  Island 
runs  westward,  and  enters  the  Quinebaug  River  in  Wiod' 
ham  CO.,  Conn, 

Moosup,  a  post-village  in  Plainfield  township,  TTInd 
ham  CO.,  Conn.,  on  or  near  Moosup  River,  and  on  the  Noi 
York  &,  New  England  Railroad,  32  miles  W.S.W.  of  Provi. 
dence,  R.I.     It  has  3  churches  and  several  factories. 

Moosup  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Providence  oo.,  R.I., 
about  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Providence. 

Moot,  Mout,  or  Mut,  moot,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor, 
on  the  Ghiuk-Soo,  22  miles  N.W.  of  Selcfkeh.  It  is  « 
wretched  village,  on  the  site  of  an  extensive  Greek  city 
many  colonnades  of  which  still  exist.  Ruined  mosques  anil 
baths  attest  its  prosperity  in  the  fourteenth  and  fifteenth 
centuries.  It  stands  in  a  picturesque  country,  and  has  aj 
fortress  and  a  mosque. 

Moota-Moola,  moo'ti-moo'li,  a  river  of  India,  formed 
by  the  junction  of  the  Moota  and  the  Moola  at  the  town  of; 
Poonah,  joins  the  Beemah,  one  of  the  main  aQluents  of  tb«j 
Kistnah.  J 

Mootapilly,  Moutapilly,  or  Mutapilly,  nioo-lW 
pil'lee,  written  also  Motupilly,  a  town  of  British  IndwJ 
presidency  of  Madras,  on  the  Coromnndel  coast,  41  mm 
S,  of  Guntoor.     It  has  an  active  coasting-trade. 

Mooz-Tagh,  mooz-tig',  a  portion  of  the  mountain- 


MOQ 


1887 


MOR 


lie  which  bounds  the  great  table-land  of  Eastern  Asia 

the  N.W.,  lying  between  Chinese  Toorkistan  and  the 

an-Shan  territory  and  Ferghana. 

foqnegua,  rao-ki'gw4,  or  Moquchua,  mo-kd'wd,  a 

n  of  Peru,  capital  of  the  department,  connected  with  the 

t  of  Ilo  by  a  railway  of  63  miles.     It  is  the  market  for 

e  and  brandy  made  in  its  district.    Pop.  6000.    Lat.  17° 

50"  N.;  Ion.  53°  18'  W. 

loqnegua,  a  maritime  department  in  the  S.  of  Peru. 

ital,  Moqucgua.     Pop.  28,786.    It  is  very  fertile  in  the 

irior. 

loQiielumne,  California.    See  Mokelumne. 

loqui  (mo-kee')  Indians,  or  Moquis,  mo-keez',  a 

e  of  Indians  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Arizona.    They  are 

bio  Indians,  living  in  7  stone-built  villages.     Total 

.  1790. 

lor,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Moor. 

iota,  nio'rS,,  a  river  of  Moravia,  joins  the  Oppa  3 

138  above  Troppau,  after  a  course  of  about  50  miles. 

lora,  mo'ra,  the  capital  town  of  Mandara,  Central 
4ioa,in  a  basin  enclosed  by  a  semicircular  ridge  of  moun- 
tls.    Lat.  about  10°  20'  N.;  Ion.  14°  48'  E. 

l(ora,  mo'rd,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  30  miles  AV. 
ol'arragona,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Ebro.  It  has  well- 
fiiucnted  mineral  baths.     Pop.  3836. 

jlora,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  15  miles  E.S.E. 

0  :eruel.     Pop.  2180. 

lora,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  20  miles  S.E.  of 

1  ido.  Pop.  6460.  It  has  a  castle.  Its  sword-factory, 
6}i  celebrated,  has  now  fallen  into  decay. 

io'ra,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  New  Mexico,  is 
iirsccted  by  the  Canadian  River,  and  is  also  drained  by 
J!a  Creek.    The  surface  is  partly  mountainous.     A  range 

0  >e  Kooky  Mountains  extends  along  the  W.  border  of  tliis 
c<  ity,  which  comprises  fertile  valleys  and  large  treeless 
p  ns.  Muize,  wool,  and  wheat  are  the  staples.  Area, 
i  I  square  miles.  Capital,  Mora.  Pop.  in  1870,  8056; 
uS«0,  9751.;  in  1890,  10,618. 

i'ora,  a  post-office  of  Benton  co..  Mo. 

iora,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Mora  co.,  New  Mexico, 

01  r  near  Mora  Creek,  about  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Santa  F6, 
a  18  miles  W.  of  Fort  Union.  It  is  in  a  fertile  and  beauti- 
fi  alley,  almost  surrounded  by  mountains. 

lO'ra  (or  3Io'ro)  Creek,  New  Mexico,  rises  in  the 
E  ty  Mountains,  runs  eastward,  forms  part  of  the  bound- 
ai  Mtween  the  cos.  of  Mora  and  San  Miguel,  and  enters 
tl  Canadian  River. 

loradabad,  mo^-i-di-bid',  a  district  of  British  India, 
K  h-West  Provinces,  in  the  Doab.  Area,  2272  square 
m  8.    Capital,  Moradabad.     Pop.  1,122,437. 

oradabad,  a  town  of  British  India,  capital  of  the 
a\  e  district,  on  a  ridge  between  the  Ramgunga  and  the 
G  ;es,  90  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Delhi.  It  is  irregularly 
bi!,  and  has  no  public  buildings  of  importance ;  it  is  the 
•c  of  a  thriving  trade.  Pop.  67,387.  AV.  of  the  town  are 
ca(  )nment8. 

or'al,  a  post-township  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.,  about  18 
mi  E.S.E.  of  Indianapolis.  Pop.  1720.  It  contains 
B]  kfield  and  London. 

oral  de  Calatrava,  mo-ril'  di  kd-li-tri'vi,  a  town 
erf  )ain,  province  and  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Ciudad  Real. 
P(  4359. 

oraleja,  or  Moralcxa,  mo-rl-li'na,  a  town  of 
Sn,  Estremadura,  48  miles  N.N.W.  of  Caceres.    P.  1436. 

wraleja  de  Enmedio,  mo-ril-li'Hi  di  Sn-mi-nee'o, 
a  In  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Madrid. 
Pa  407. 

Jraleja  del  Vino,  mo-ri-li'nJ,  dSl  veo'no,  a  vil- 
la]|3f  Spain,  in  Leon,  14  miles  from  Zamora.     Pop.  2066. 

>rales,  mo-rah'lez,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co., 
Tei  30  miles  N.E.  of  Victoria.  It  has  a  church,  a  plough- 
fa<  7,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Jrales  de  Tore,  mo-ra,'lds  di  to'ro,  a  town  of 
Sp  I,  in  Leon.  28  miles  E.  of  Zamora.     Pop.  1400. 

iJrales  de  Zamora,  mo-ri'Us  di  th4-mo'ra,,  or 
M!Me«  del  Vino,  mo-ri'13s  d61  vee'no,  a  village  of 
op  ,  in  Leon,  4  miles  S.  of  Zamora.     Pop.  1367. 

j)ran',  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.,  in  Owen 
"•Vhip,  on  the  Logansport,  Crawfordsville  <fe  South west- 
eryailroad,  29  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Logansport.  It  has  a 
cMh  and  a  lumber-mill. 

J»ran,  a  township  of  Mackinac  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  372. 

'i>rannes,  mo'rinn',  a  town  of  France,  in  Maine-et- 
LO; ,  on  the  Sarthe,  20  miles  N.  of  Angers.     Pop.  996. 

•  >rano,  mo-rjl'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Ales- 
•M;ia,  li  miles  W.  of  Balzola,  on  the  Po.     Pop.  2710, 

'  >rano  (anc.  Mura'num),  a  town  of  Italy,  province 


of  Cosenza,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Castrovillnri.  Pop.  8910.  It 
is  commanded  by  a  fine  Gothic  castle,  and  has  manufacturer 
of  silk,  cotton,  and  woollen  fabrics. 

Moran's  Snm'mit,  a  station  of  Madison  co.,  Ky.,  ou 
the  Richmond  Branch  Railroad,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Rich- 
mond. 

Morans'villc,  a  township  of  Swift  co.,  Minn.     P.  76. 

Morant,  mo-rant',  a  river  of  .Jamaica,  co.  of  Surrey, 
enters  Morant  Bay  (an  inlet  of  the  Caribbean  Sea)  22  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Kingston.  On  Morant  Point,  the  E.  extremity 
of  the  island,  in  lat.  17°  56'  N.,  Ion.  76°  11'  W.,  a  light- 
house has  been  erected.  Twelve  miles  W.S.W.  is  the  inlet 
Port  Morant. 

Morant,  a  town  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Ja- 
maica, 20  miles  S.E.  of  Kingston,  on  the  bay  and  at  tho 
mouth  of  a  river  of  the  same  name.  It  has  a  considerable 
trade.     Pop.  about  7000. 

Moran'toAVn,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Cumberland  &  Piedmont  Railroad,  2  miles  S.AV.  of  Mt, 
Savage,  at  the  junction  of  a  short  branch  line. 

Mo^rar',  a  lake  of  Scotland,  in  the  W.  part  of  the  co. 
of  Inverness,  IJ  miles  S.  of  Loch  Nevis.     Length,  8  miles. 

Morard-de-Galles,mo*ran'-d?h-gill,  acapeof  South 
Australia.     Lat.  36°  35'  S. ;  Ion.  139°  52'  E. 

Moras,  moVi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Drome,  25  miles 
N.  of  Valence.     Pop.  1494. 

Moras,  a  village  of  Sardinia.    See  Mores. 

Moras'sa,  or  Morasha,  mo-rS,'sha,  a  town  of  India, 
district  and  50  miles  N.E.  of  Ahmcdabad.     Pop.  7436. 

Morat,  mo^rit'  (Gor.  Murten,  mooR't?n),  a  town  of 
Switzerland,  canton  and  8  miles  N.W.  of  Freyburg,  on  the 
S.E.  bank  of  tho  Lake  of  Morat  (which  see).    Pop.  2328. 

Morata,  mo-ri'tS,,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  2548. 

Morata  de  Jalon,  mo-rS,'ti  di  n4-lon',  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Aragon,  31  miles  S.W.  of  Saragossa,  on  tho  Jalon. 
PcJp.  1963. 

Moratalla,  mo-ri-til'yi,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
45  miles  N.N.W.  of  Murcia,  on  an  afiSuont  of  the  Segura. 
Pop.  4338. 

Morava,  a  river  of  Austria.     S*  March. 

Morava,  mo-ri'vi(anc.  Mar'gu*),  the  principal  river  of 
Servia,  through  the  centre  of  which  it  flows  N.,  joining  the 
Danube  6  miles  N.E.  of  Semendria.  It  is  formed  by  the 
junction  of  the  East  and  West  Morava,  33  miles  W.  of  Nissa. 
Length,  115  miles.     Affluents,  the  Tempesca  and  Nissava. 

Moravi,  mo-ri'veo,  a  town  of  East  Africa,  a  little  S,  of 
Lake  Nyassa,  which  is  sometimes  called  the  Lake  of  Moravi. 

Moravia,  mo-ri've-a(Ger.  Jtfu/ire»,  mi'r^n  ;  Fr.  Mora- 
vie,  moViVeo' ;  L.  Mnra'vta),  a  province  or  crown-land  of 
the  Austrian  empire,  lies  mostly  between  lat.  48°  40'  and 
50°  20'  N.  and  Ion.  15°  10'  and  19°  E.,  having  E.  Galicia 
and  Hungary,  S.  Austria,  W.  Bohemia,  and  N.  and  N.E. 
Austrian  and  Prussian  Silesia.  Area,  8583  square  miles. 
Moravia,  like  Bohemia,  forms  an  elevated  plateau,  inclined 
towards  the  S.,  and  almost  surrounded  by  mountains,  having 
S.  and  E.  the  Carpathians,  N.  and  W.  the  Moravian  Moun- 
tains, and  N.E.  the  Sudetic  Mountains.  It  belongs  almost 
entirely  to  the  basin  of  the  Danube,  to  which  most  of  its 
waters  are  conveyed  by  the  March  or  Morava,  except  in  the 
E.,  where  the  Oder  and  some  of  its  branches  rise.  Large 
quantities  of  fine  flax  and  good  wine  are  raised,  and  fruits 
are  so  plentiful  that  Moravia  is  styled  the  orchard  of  Aus- 
tria. Grazing-lands  are  extensive,  and  live-stock  of  all 
kinds  numerous.  The  principal  mineral  products  are  iron, 
coal,  meerschaum,  pipe-clay,  <fec.,  with  some  copper  and 
lead.  Formerly  gold  and  silver  were  obtained.  Woollen, 
linen,  and  cotton  fabrics  and  thread  are  made  on  a  large 
scale ;  other  manufactures  are  chemicals,  silks,  leather, 
paper,  potash,  glass,  and  beet  sugar.  Trade  is  facilitated 
by  means  of  railways.  Population  mostly  Slavonian,  but 
about  450,000  are  estimated  to  be  of  German  descent,  and 
30,000  Jews.  The  Emperor  of  Austria  is  Margrave  of  Mo- 
ravia. The  government  of  the  province  is  under  a  gov- 
ernor, and  an  assembly  of  clergy,  nobility,  and  deputies, 
who  meet  annually  to  apportion  the  mode  of  raising  and 
distributing  the  revenue.  It  is  divided  into  circles,  in  each 
of  which  is  a  secondary  tribunal,  with  appeal  to  the  high 
court  of  Briinn,  the  capital,  next  to  which  Olmutz,  Iglau, 
and  Znaym  are  the  chief  cities.  In  tho  ninth  century 
Moravia  was  the  centre  of  a  powerful  kingdom,  comprising 
also  Bohemia,  Silesia,  and  parts  of  North  Germany  and 
Hungary.  Pop.  in  1S90,  2,276,870,  mostly  Roman  Cath- 
olics.  Adj.  and  inhab.  Moraviav,  mo-ri'vo-an. 

Moravia,  mo-ra've-a,  a  post-village  in  Taylor  town- 
ship, Appanoose  co.,  Iowa,  on  tho  Central  Railroad  of  Iowa, 
about  24  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Ottumwa,  and  10  miles  S.  of' 


MOR 


TSS8  KOS 


Albia.  It  haa  a  high  school,  a  noirspaper  office,  a  bank,  and 
S  churohas.    Pup.  about  2ft0. 

Aloravin,  a  post-villago  in  Moravia  township,  Cayuga 
eo.,  N.Y.,on  the  Otrnsoo  Inlet,  and  on  the  Southern  Centnil 
lUiilrood,  17  uiilos  S.  by  E.  of  Auburn.  It  is  in  n  fertile 
narrow  valley,  borUorod  by  steep  hills.  It  contains  3  or 
more  churohes,  a  union  graded  sohool,  a  national  bank,  2 
newspaper  offices,  2  flouring-inills,  and  inanufiictures  of 
ploughs,  staves,  spokes,  sash,  blinds,  &<s.  Pup.  about  1500. 
The  township  is  contiguous  to  Ovriisco  Lake.     Pop.  2351. 

Moravia,  a  post-village  of  Lawrcnoo  oo..  Pa.,  on  the 
lioaver  Kivor,  and  on  the  New  Castle  Branch  Kailroad,  16 
miles  S.  of  New  Ctu>tlo.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Mora'vian  Falls,  a  post-office  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C. 

Morawa,  a  river  of  Austria.     See  March. 

Moray  (pronounced  and  often  written  Miir'ray), 
Murruyshirc,  mur'ro-shir,  or  Elginshire,  a  county  of 
Scotland,  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Moray  Firth,  E.  and 
6.E.  by  Banffshire  and  for  25  miles  by  the  river  Spoy,  S. 
nnd  W.  by  Inverness  and  Nairn  shires.  Area,  531  square 
miles.  The  county  consists  of  a  ohauipaign,  alluvial,  and 
fertile  district  on  the  borders  of  the  firth,  and  a  mountainous 
district  to  the  S.  and  S.W.  Granitic  rooks  prevail  in  this 
latter  region,  and  old  red  sandstone,  limestone,  and  traces 
of  oolitic  strata  form  the  basis  of  the  low  country ;  a  deep 
alluvial  olay  prevailing  along  the  valley  of  the  firth,  and  a 
gravel  and  conglomerate  forming  the  sub-soil  of  the  interior. 
Principal  rivers,  the  Spey,  Findhorn,  and  Lossie.  Loch- 
in-dorb,  Loch  Spynie,  and  Loch-na-bo  are  the  chief  collec- 
tions of  water.  So  fertile  is  the  country  that  it  formerly 
received  the  name  of  the  "Garden  of  Scotland."  The 
county  contains  the  burghs  Elgin,  Forres,  and  Fochabers, 
and  the  seaports  of  Oarmouth,  Lossiemouth,  Burghead,  and 
Findhorn.  It  sends,  along  with  Nairnshire,  one  member  to 
the  House  of  Commons.  Pop.  43,612.  The  ancient  Puov- 
INCE  OP  Moray  contained,  besides  the  modern  county,  the 
county  of  Nairn,  and  part  of  Inverness  and  Banffshire. 

Moray,  mflr'ri,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario, 
3  miles  from  Park  Hill.  It  contains  4  saw-mills,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  store.     Pop.  150, 

Moray  (or  Murrajr)  Firth,  the  largest  indentation  on 
the  Scottish  coast,  the  entrance  from  Kinnaird's  Head  in 
the  S.,  to  Duncansby  Head,  co.  of  Caithness,  being  75  miles 
across.  The  flrth  extends  S.W.  for  about  75  miles,  Crom- 
arty and  Beauly  Firths  forming  branches. 

Morazzone,  mo-rit-so'nA,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
of  Como.     Pop.  1378. 

Morbecque,  mon^bik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  2 
miles  S.  of  Hazebrouck.     Pop.  1450. 

Morbegno,  moR-bfin'yo,  a  market-town  of  Italy,  Val- 
tellina,  on  the  Adda,  33  miles  N.E.  of  Como.     Pop.  3415. 

Morbello,  moR-bfil'lo,  or  Murbello,  moon-bfil'lo,  a 
village  of  Italy,  province  of  Alessandria,  4  miles  from  Pon- 
zone.     Pop.  1255. 

Morbeya,  mor-bi'^,  a  river  of  Northwest  Africa,  rises 
in  Mount  Atlas,  in  the  kingdom  of  Morocco,  and,  after  a 
W.N.W.  course  of  230  miles,  enters  the  Atlantic  at  Azamor. 

Morbhaiy,  a  state  of  India.     See  Mohurbhunj. 

Morbier,  moR'be-4',  a  village  of  France,  in  Jura,  24 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Lons-le-Saulnier.     Pop.  1660. 

Morbihan,  moR^bee^6No',  a  department  in  the  W.  part 
of  France,  in  Bretagne,  having  S.  the  Atlantic,  S.  and  W. 
Finistfire,  and  N.  C9tes-du-Nord.  Area,  2667  square  miles. 
Pop.  in  1891,  544,470.  The  coasts  on  the  Atlantic  in  the 
S.  are  much  indented;  the  chief  bay  is  Morbihan,  from 
which  the  department  is  named.  Near  the  coast  are  the 
islands  Groix,  Belle-Isle,  and  Houat,  and  numerous  islets. 
Climate  mild,  but  humid.  Surface  partly  hilly,  and  watered 
by  the  Vilaine,  Oust,  Blavet,  and  Scroff.  It  is  very  fertile 
in  some  parts,  but  nearly  one-half  is  occupied  by  vast 
heaths,  intermixed  with  excellent  pasturage.  Grain,  lint, 
hemp,  inferior  wine,  cider,  butter,  and  honey  are  the  prin- 
cipal products.  Horses,  cattle,  and  sheep  are  extensively 
reared.  The  minerals  comprise  iron  and  lead,  granite  and 
slate.  The  department  is  divided  into  the  arrondissements 
of  Lorient,  Ploermel,  Pontivy,  and  Vannes,  the  capital. 

Morchenstern,  Bohemia.    See  Morgensterx. 

Morcles,  Dent  de,  d6K»  d§h  moR^kli',  one  of  the  sum- 
mits of  the  Alps,  in  Switzerland,  between  the  cantons  of 
Vaud  and  Valais.     Elevation  of  the  Tete  Noir,  9757  feet. 

Morcone,  mon-ko'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
21  miles  S.W.  of  Campobasso.  Pop.  6914.  It  is  walled, 
and  has  a  castle,  and  linen  and  cotton  miinufactures. 

Mor'dansville,  a  post-office  of  Columbia  co..  Pa., 
about  10  miles  N.E.  of  Danville. 

Mor'den,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  on 
the  Bay  of  Fundy,  7i  miles  from  Aylesford.     Pop.  150. 


Mordcii  Koad,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Pai-mkr's  Road 

Mtirdiiigen,   moR'ding-(n,  or  Mvrdingcn,  uiIh 
dinx-9n,  a  village  of  Baden,  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Froiburir 

Morea,  mo-ree'^,  or  PePu)>uuiie'(tU8  (Ur.  lUAowit! 
m^ot,  t.e.,  "island  of  Pclops;"  Fr.  L<t  Moife,  |&  rao'ii') 
a  peninsula,  the  S.  portion  of  the  kingdom  of  Greece,  »cim. 
rated  from  the  continent  by  the  Gulfs  of  I'utras,  Corinth,  nnJ 
iT5gina,  and  only  attached  to  it  by  the  Isthmus  of  Corliith 
lU  length  is  nearly  160  miles;  iu  breadth  about  100  miU»! 
Area,  estimate<l  at  8800  square  miles.  It  is  now  one  of  iha 
three  great  divisions  of  the  kingdom,  containing  tho  nuuioi 
of  Argolis  and  Corinth,  Achaia  and  Elis,  Aroulin,  Mowscniu 

and  Laconia.     Pop.  645,389. Adj.  and  inhab.  Moukot! 

mo're-ot\ 

More'a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  111.,  about  50 
miles  S.  of  Pans.     It  has  a  church. 

Morcaii,  mo*ro',  a  township  of  Cole  co..  Mo.  Pop.  620. 

Morvuu,  a  township  of  Moniteau  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1(184. 

Murcaii,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  2168. 

Moreau,  a  township  of  Saratoga  eo.,  N.Y.,  on  the  llud- 
son  River.  Pop.  2315.  It  conUins  South  Gluns  Fulls. 
Moreau  Station  is  on  the  llcnsselaer  &  Saratoga  UailroaJ, 
1  mile  S.W.  of  Fort  Edward. 

Moreau  Creek,  Missouri,  drains  part  of  Moniteau  co., 
runs  eastward  through  Cole  co.,  and  enters  the  Missouri 
lliver  about  4  miles  below  Jefferson  City.    Length,  70  miles, 

Moreau  lliver.  South  Dakota,  rises  near  tho  W.  bnr. 
der  of  the  stute,  runs  eastward  through  prairies  or  plains 
nearly  destitute  of  forests,  and  enters  the  Missouri  Rivet 
about  hit.  45°  23'  N.     Its  length  is  estimated  at  200  mild, 

Moreauville,  mo-ro'vll,  a  post-village  of  Avoycll 
parish.  La.,  about  70  miles  N.W.  of  Baton  Rouge.    It  bai 
5  general  stores. 

More  Azovskoe.    See  Azof,  Sea  op. 

Morecambe,  mSr'kim,  a  village  of  Englond,  eo.  of 
Lancaster,  on  Morecambe  Bay,  and  on  2  railways,  3  milei 
N.W.  of  Lancaster.     It  is  a  watering-place. 

Morecambe  Bay,  or  Lanc'aster  Hay,  an  exten 
sive  inlet  of  the  Irish  Sea,  on  the  W.  coast  of  linglund,  co, 
of  Lancaster.  Length,  16  miles;  average  breadth,  10  miles, 
It  receives  tho  Leven,  Ken,  Lune,  and  Wyre. 

More'dock,  a  township  of  Monroe  co..  111.    Pop.  636, 

Mor6e,  La,  the  French  name  of  the  Morea. 

Morehead,  mor'hed,  or  Moorehead,  a  post-village 
in  Osage  township,  Labette  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Leaven- 
worth,  Lawrence  <fc  Galveston  Railroad,  18  miles  N.E.  of 
Independence,  and  30  miles  S.  of  Humboldt.  It  has  i 
church  and  a  coal-mine. 

Morehead,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Rowan  oo.,  Ky, 
about  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  Maysville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Morehead,  Minnesota.    See  Moorhead. 

Morehead,  a  township  of  Carteret  co.,  N.C.  Pop.  1168. 
It  contains  Morehead  City. 

Morehead,  a  township  of  Guilford  co.,  N.C.  Pop.  2104. 
It  contains  a  part  of  Greensborough.  Morehead  Station  on 
the  North  Carolina  Raih-oad  is  9  miles  N.  of  Greensborough, 

Morehead  City,  a  post-village  of  Carteret  co.,  N.C, 
is  on  Old  Topsail  Inlet,  near  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  about 
5  miles  W.S.W.  of  Beaufort,  and  30  mile*  S.S.E.  of  New- 
Berne.  It  is  the  southeast  terminus  of  the  Atlantio  k 
North  Carolina  Railroad.  It  has  3  churches.  P.  (1890)  1064. 

Morehead's,  Erie  co.,  Pa.    See  Moorheadville. 

Morehouse,  mOr'howss,  a  parish  in  the  N.  part  of 
Louisiana,  borders  on  Arkansas.  Are.a,  about  845  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  Bceuf  Bayou,  on  the  W. 
by  the  Ouachita  River,  and  is  intersected  by  Bayou  Bar- 
tholomew. The  surface  is  undulating,  nnd  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  cypress,  oak,  pine,  Ac.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  parish  is  traversed  by  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  moun- 
tain &  Southern  Railroad.  Capital,  Bastrop.  Pop.  in  1370, 
9387;  in  1880,  14,206;  in  1890,  16,786. 

Morehouse,  a  station  in  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Cin- 
cinnati, H.imilton  <fc  Indianapolis  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  by 
S.  of  Indianapolis. 

Morehouse,  a  mountainous  township  of  Hamilton  co., 
N.Y.,  in  the  Northern  Wilderness.  Pop.  163.  It  conUini 
Morehouseville. 

Morehouseville,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  N.Y., 
about  35  miles  N.E.  of  Utica.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
cheese-factory. 

Mo'rehra,  a  town  of  India,  North-West  Provinces, 
division  of  Agra.    Pop.  9670. 

Moreishwar,  mo-rish-war',  a  town  of  India,  presi- 
dency of  Bombay,  34  miles  S.E.  of  Poonah. 

Moreland,  mor'land,  a  post-office  of  Pope  co..  Ark. 

Moreland,  a  township  of  Scott  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  2613. 


MOR 


im 


MOR 


Moreland,  a  post-village  in  Dix  township,  Schuyler 
;o.  N.Y.,  4i  miles  S.  of  Watkins  Glen,  and  4  miles  S.W. 
if  Havana.     It  has  2  churches  and  about  20  houses. 

Moreland,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  in  the  S.E.  part 
if  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  about  14  miles  N.  of  Danville.  The 
ownship  is  drained  by  Muncy  Creek.     Pop.  815. 

Moreland,  township,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  2207. 

Morelia,  mo-ri'le-a,  formerly  Valladolid,  a  town 
if  Mexico,  capital  of  the  state  of  Michoacan,  125  miles 
V.N.W.  of  Mexico.  It  is  finely  situated,  has  a  grand  ca- 
hedral,  a  college,  priests'  seminary,  a  large  cotton-factory, 
',  substantial  aqueduct,  and  many  fine  public  and  private 
luiidings.     It  is  an  archbishop's  see.     Pop.  36,940. 

Morelia,  mo-r51'y4,  a  town  of  Spain,  Valencia,  prov- 
nee  of  Castellon  de  la  Plana,  45  miles  N.  of  Tortosa,  on 
ho  S.  skirt  of  a  high  mountain,  and  defended  by  forti- 
ications.  There  are  several  squares,  a  town  house,  2  hos- 
litals,  several  churches,  and  3  convents.  It  has  manufac- 
ures  of  blankets  and  sashes,  in  which  about  1500  persons 
ire  employed.     Pop.  4041. 

Mo^rell's'  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn., 
2  miles  W.  of  Bristol.     It  has  a  flouring-mill. 

Morelos,  mo-r4'loce,  a  state  of  Mexico,  bounded  N.  by 
he  state  of  Mexico,  E.  by  Puebla,  and  S.E.  by  Guerrero. 
Vrea,  1776  square  miles.   Capital,  Cuernavaca.    P.  141,565. 

Morelos,  Montemorelos,  monHd-mo-ri'loce,  or 
5an  Mateo  del  Pilon,  sin  mi-ti'o  ddl  pee-lon',  a 
own  of  Mexico,  st.ate  of  Nuevo  Leon,  with  varied  manu- 
actures.    Pop.  about  9000. 

Morena,  Sierra,  Spain.    See  Sierra  Morena. 

Moren'ci,  a  post-village  in  Seneca  township,  Lenawee 
0.,  Mich.,  on  Tiffin  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  Canada 
southern  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Payette,  0.,  and  about  18 
iiiles  S.W.  of  Adrian.  It  has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office, 
I  union  school,  4  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  cheese-factory,  a 
annery,  2  saw-mills,  and  a  foundry.     Pop.  in  1890,  1248. 

More  Okhotskoe,  a  sea  of  Siberia.     See  Okhotsk. 

Morera,  a  village  of  Sardinia.     See  Muravera. 

Mores,  mo'rSs,  or  Moras,  mo'ris,  a  village  on  the 
sland  of  Sardinia,  4  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ozieri.     Pop.  2338. 

3Ioresby  (morz'be)  Island  is  the  largest  of  the  grouj) 

f  islands  ofi"  the  eastern  end  of  Papua.    It  is  several  miles 

long.    The  meridian  of  151°  E.  cuts  the  island  nearly  in 

fts  middle.    The  surface  rises  from  the  shore  to  form  a  ridge 

If  hills,  the  highest  of  which  is  Sir  Fairfax  peak,  1340  feet. 

Moresnet,  Belgium  and  Germany.    See  Altenberg. 

Moresque,  Africa.    See  Morocco. 

Morestel,  moV6s-t8l',  a  town  of  France,  in  IsSre,  8 
iiles  N.  of  La  Tour  du  Pin.     Pop.  1360. 

Moresville,  mOrz'vil,  a  station  in  Roxbury  township, 
Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Ulster  &  Delaware  Railroad,  65 
Jiles  W.N.W.  of  Rondout. 

Moret,  moVi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-ct-Marne,  on 
jhe  Loing,  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Montereau.     Pop.  1934. 
k  Moret,  mo-rSt',  a  small  island  of  Honduras,  in  the  Bay 
glands  group. 

\  Moreton  (mor'ton)  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
nthe  E.  of  Australia.  Lat.  27°  30'  S.  Length,  70  miles. 
tis  sheltered  seaward  by  Moreton  and  Stradbroke  Islands 
the  former  25  miles  in  length),  contains  numerous  other 
slands,  and  receives  the  Brisbane  and  Logan  Rivers. 

Moreton-Hamp'stead,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
)evon,  13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Exeter.  It  has  a  handsome 
march  and  the  ruins  of  two  castles,  and  in  the  vicinity  are 
wuidieal  remains.  Pop.  of  parish,  1551. 
j  Moreton-in-the*Marsh,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
nd  26  miles  E.N.E.  of  Gloucester,  on  the  ancient  Roman 
Foss-way,  and  connected  by  railway  with  Stratford.  Pop. 
'f  parish,  1468. 

Moretown,  mor'town,  a  post-village  in  Moretown 
Jwnship,  Washington  co.,  Vt.,  on  Mad  River,  about  10 
Iiiles  W.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufac- 
furcs  of  lumber,  sash,  doors,  and  blinds.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
•hip,  1263. 

Moret  Saint-Mammes,  mo'ri'  s^No-mimm,  a  vil- 
vge  of  France,  on  the  Paris  &  Lyons  Railway,  43  miles 
from  Paris. 

Moretta,  mo-rSt'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  prov- 
1  ace  of  Coni,  on  the  Po,  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Turin.    P.  3262. 

Morettes,  mo-rSt't^s,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of 
ao  Paulo,  on  the  Nhundiaguara,  near  its  mouth  in  the 
•ay  of  Paranagua.  Its  principal  trade  is  in  Paraguay 
2a  and  rum,  shipped  at  the  port  of  Paranagua. 

Mor'etz  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Watauga  co.,  N.C. 
'  Moreuil,  moVui',  a  town   of  France,  in   Somme,  12 
nles  S.E.  of  Amiens.    Pop.  3088,  who  manufacture  hosiery 
J  nd  paper. 


Morevee,  mo're-vee',  a  town  of  India,  Kattywar  penin- 
sula, 15  miles  N.  by  W.  of  AVankaneer. 

Morewara,  moVe-w3,'ri,  a  town  of  India,  21  mile* 
N.W.  of  Radhunpoor. 

Morewood,  mOr'wood,  a  post-village  in  Dundas  co., 
Ontario,  27  miles  N.  of  Morrisburg.  It  contains  a  saw- 
mill, a  tannery,  and  2  stores.     Pop.  100. 

Mo'rey,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Nye  co., 
Nevada,  70  miles  S.  of  Eureka.  It  has  a  silver-mine  and 
a  quartz-mill. 

Morez,  mo'ri'  (L.  Moricium),  a  town  of  France,  in 
Jura,  on  the  Bienne,  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lons-le-Saulnier. 
It  has  important  manufactures  of  clocks,  watches,  regula- 
tors, and  lenses  or  spectacles;  also  forges,  copper-foundries, 
and  saw-mills.     Pop.  5375. 

Morfasso,  moR-fis'so,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Parma,  on 
the  Lubiano,  23  miles  S.  of  Piacensfa.     Pop.  3860. 

Mor'fordsville,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa. 

Morfu,  or  Morphou,  mor'foo',  a  town  of  Cyprus,  20 
miles  S.AV.  of  Kerinia.     Pop.  3000. 

Mor'gan,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Alabama,  has  an 
area  of  about  686  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  the  Tennessee  River,  and  partly  drained  by  Flint  River. 
The  surface  is  hilly,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests. 
The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  grass,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  <fc  Georgia  Railroad  and  the 
Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad.  Capital,  Sonierville.  Pop. 
in  1870,  12,187;  in  1880,  16,428;  in  1890,  24,089. 

Morgan,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Colorado,  has  an 
area  of  1290  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  South 
Platte  River,  and  is  traversed  by  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad 
and  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad.  Capital, 
Fort  Morgan.     Pop.  in  1890,  1601. 

Morgan,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  1322  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Appalachee  and  Oconee  Rivers.  The  surface 
is  undulating,  and  partly  covered  with  forests.  Cotton  and 
Indian  corn  are  the  stuple  products.  This  county  has  an 
abundance  of  granite.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Georgia 
Railroad  and  the  Macon  &  Northern  Railroad.  Capital, 
Madison.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,696;  in  1880,  14,032;  in  1890, 
16,041. 

Morgan,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  park  of  Illinois, 
has  an  area  of  about  580  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  the  Illinois  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Apple, 
Sandy,  and  Indian  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  forests. 
The  soil  is  deep,  fertile,  and  durable.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
cattle,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Bituminous 
coal  is  found  here.  This  county  is  intersected  by  railroads 
named  the  Wabash,  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy,  the 
Jacksonville  Southeastern,  and  the  Chicago  <fc  Alton.  Cap- 
ital, Jacksonville.  Pop.  in  1870,  28,463;  in  1880,  31,514; 
in  1890,  32,636. 

Morgan,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Indiana,  has 
an  area  of  about  430  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
AVhite  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Mill  and  White  Lick 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly,  and  in  some  places 
nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats, 
cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
liberally  supplied  with  timber.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Pittsburg,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  and 
is  connected  with  Cincinnati  by  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati, 
Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railroad.  Capital,  Martinsville.  Pop. 
in  1870,  17,528;  in  1880,  18,900;  in  1890,  18,643. 

Morgan,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Kentucky,  has 
an  area  of  about  288  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Licking  River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  mostly  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats, 
pork,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  min- 
erals are  bituminous  coal  and  iron  ore.  Capital,  West  Lib- 
erty.    Pop.  in  1870,  6975;  in  1880,  8455;  in  1890,  11,249. 

Morgan,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Missouri,  has 
an  area  of  about  638  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
S.W.  by  the  Osage  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Lamine 
River  and  Gravois  Creek.  The  surface  is  moderately  hilly, 
and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  elm,  hickory, 
oak,  sugar-maple,  wild  cherry,  <fcc.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  has  beds  of  bituminous  coal  and 
Lower  Silurian  Limestone.  Capital,  Versailles.  Pop.  in 
1870,  8434;  in  1880,  10,132;  in  1890,  12,311. 

Morgan,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an 
area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Muskingum  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Meigs  and  Wolf 
Creeks.     The  surface  is  moderately  hilly,  and  nearly  one- 


MOR 


1890 


MO  11 


third  of  it  ii  covered  with  furoct«  of  the  ash,  hickory,  ohont- 
nut,OHk,  maple,  ilo.  The  auil  ia  fertile.  Indiiin  ourn,  wheut, 
lii^y,  otAt,  and  butter  are  the  staple  produot*.  I'otrulouiu 
and  Bait  are  prooured  in  tliit  county  by  boring  tliroujjh 
strata  of  sandttone.  It  has  also  large  beds  of  good  liiuc- 
(tooe  and  bituminous  oonl.  It  is  intersected  by  tlio  Zaoes- 
Tille  A  Ohio  lUvur  Railroad,  the  Columbus,  Shawiieo  .jb 
Hocking  Railroad,  and  the  Toledo  &  Ohio  Central  Exten- 
sion Railroad.  CapitaJ,  McConnclsvillo.  Pop.  iu  1870, 
20,3fi3;  in  1880,  20,074;  in  1890,  U»,14.3. 

Morgan*  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Tennessee,  has  an 
area  of  about  448  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Euiery 
and  Obie's  Rivers.  This  county  oompri«es  a  part  of  tlio 
Cumberland  Tablu-Land.  The  surface  is  mostly  hilly,  and 
is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  cbostiiut,  oaU, 
pine,  &o.  Muise,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  An 
abundance  of  bituminous  coal  is  found  in  this  oounty.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  (Jueen  &  Crescent  Route.  Capital, 
Wartburg.  Pop. in  1870,2««9;  inl880,615B;  in  1890,7639. 

Morgan,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Utah,  liivs  an  area 
of  725  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Wober  River. 
The  surface  is  hilly  or  mountainous.  The  soil  produces  a 
little  wheat  and  barley.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Morgan.  Pop.  in  1870,1972; 
in  1880,  1783;  in  1890,  1780. 

Morgan*  a  northeastern  county  of  West  Virginia,  bor- 
ders on  Maryland.  Area,  about  230  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  and  N.W.  by  the  Potomac  River,  and  is 
intersected  by  the  Caciipon  River.  The  surface  is  moun- 
tainous, and  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil 
produces  Indinn  corn,  grass,  and  wheat.  This  county  is 
traversed  by  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad.  Capital, 
Berkeley  Springs,  or  Rath,  which  is  a  summer  resort.  Pop. 
in  1870,  4315;  in  1880,  5777;  in  1890,  6744. 

Morgan,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Calhoun  co.,  Qa.,  on 
the  Ichawaynocnaway  Creek,  about  22  miles  S.E.  of  Cuth- 
bert.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  12C. 

Morgan,  a  township  of  Coles  co.,  III.    Pop.  818. 

Morgan,  a  station  in  Morgan  co..  111.,  on  the  Wabash 
Railroad,  11  miles  W.  of  Jacksonville. 

Morgan,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1426. 

Morgan,  a  township  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1031. 

Morgan,  a  station  of  Porter  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Pittsburg, 
Fort  Wayno  &  Chicago  Railroad,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Val- 
paraiso.    Pop.  of  Morgan  township,  579. 

Morgan,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  91. 

Morgan,  a  township  of  Decatur  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  519. 

Morgan,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  339. 

Morgan,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  682. 
It  contains  Mondamin. 

Morgan,  a  post-office  of  Chase  co.,  Kansas. 

Morgan,  a  post-village  of  Pendleton  co.,  Ky.,  on  South 
Licking  River,  and  on  the  Kentucky  Central  Itailroad,  48 
miles  S.  by  £.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  a  church.  Tobacco 
and  other  products  are  shipped  here. 

Morgan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Bal- 
timore <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  36  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Baltimore. 
It  has  a  paper-mill.     Pop.  about  100. 

Morgan,  post-oiBce,  Barry  co.,  Mich.    Sec  Sheridan. 

Morgan,  a  village  in  Negauneo  township,  Marquette 
«0.,  Mich.,  on  the  Marquette,  Uoughton  &  Ontonagon  Rail- 
road, 7  miles  W.  of  Marquette.  It  has  a  blast-furnace,  a 
bloomcry,  and  a  machine-shop. 

Morgan,  Newaygo  co.,  Mich.     See  Morgan  Station. 

Morgan,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Redwood  co.,  Minn. 

Morgan,  a  township  of  Dade  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  2114. 

Morgan,  a  township  of  Mercer  oo.,  Mo.  Pop.  2107.  It 
eontaius  Princeton. 

Morgan,  a  station  of  Middlesex  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Cen- 
tral Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  25i  miles  S.S.W.  of  New 
York  City. 

Morgan,  a  township  of  Rowan  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1064. 

Morgan,  a  township  of  Rutherford  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  731. 

Morgan,  or  Rock  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Morgan 
township,  Ashtabula  co.,  0.,  on  Rock  Creek,  and  on  the 
Ashtabula,  Youngstown  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  29  miles  N. 
of  Warren,  and  about  50  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cleveland.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Rock  Creek.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  bank,  a  seminary,  2  steam  tanneries,  2  steam  saw-mills,  a 
foundry,  a  machine-shop,  a  flouring-raill,  and  2  carriage- 
factories.     Pop.  in  1890,  448;  of  the  township,  1015. 

Morgan,  u  township  of  Butler  co.,  0.,  on  the  Indiana 
line.     Pop.  1807. 

Morgan,  a  township  of  Oallia  co.,  0.     Pop.  1403. 

Morgan,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  0.     Pop.  645. 

Morgan,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  0.  Pop.  2185.  It 
eontains  McConnellsnlle. 


Morgan,  a  township  of  Scioto  co.,  0.,  bounded  E.  I 
the  river  Scioto.     Pop.  758.  ^ 

Morgan,  a  township  of  Greene  co..  Pa.     Pop,  Hoi 

Morgan,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Morgan  co.  Ulj 
is  on  or   near  Wober  River,  1  mile  from  Wchcr  s'tati. 
which  is  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  24  luilua  S.E 
Ogdon.     It  has  a  church,  2  tlour-mills,  and  2  liuie-kilni 

Morgan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  in  ilont 
township,  on  Seymour  Lake,  about  11  miles  E.  of  Nowdoi 
Pop.  of  the  township,  014.  "^ 

Mor'ganburg  {Flint  Post-Officennd  Stotion),a  hwnl 
of  Morgan  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  South  &  North  Alabama  llai 
road,  6  miles  S.  of  Decatur.  It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mil 

Morgan  City  (formerly  Urashcar),  a  i)ost-Tillnt 
and  port  of  entry  of  St.  Mary's  i)ari8h.  La.,  on  the  E.  bn 
of  the  navigable  Atchafalaya  Bayou,  20  miles  from  its  e. 
trance  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  on  Morgan's  Louiiiai 
<k  Texas  Railroad,  80  miles  W.  of  Now  Orleans.  It  has 
ch'urches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  sash-factory.  Iu  bai 
bor  admits  vessels  drawing  15  feet  of  water.  Stoamahit 
for  Galveston  depart  from  this  place.     Pop.  (1890)  2291. 

Mor'gandale,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg,  Cinciiuia 
&  St.  Louis  Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of  Chicago.  III. 

Mor'ganfield,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Union  oo.,Ky 
is  about  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Henderson,  6  miles  from  tJi 
Ohio  River,  and  39  miles  S.W.  of  Evansville,  Ind.  It  hn 
5  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  lOB 

Mor'gau  Iliil,  a  post-hainlct  of  Buncombe  co.,' N.C 
15  miles  N.  of  Asheville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  scminarj 

Morgan  Tark,  a  post-village  and  station  of  Cook  co 
111.     It  has  a  church  and  a  military  academy. 

Morgan's,  a  station  in  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  on  tht  Ch« 
ter  Creek  Railroad,  3  miles  W.  of  Chester. 

Morgan's  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Min. 

Morgan's  Glade,  a  post-office  of  Preston  co.,W.Vi 

Morgan's  31111,  a  post-office  of  Erath  co.,  Tex, 

Morgan's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  N.C. 

Morgan  Spring,  a  post-hamlot  of  I'erry  co.,  Ala.,  1 
miles  N.  of  Marion.  It  has  1  or  2  churches,  and  manufac 
tures  of  sorghum. 

Morgan  Station,  a  villiige  of  Newaygo  co.,  Mich.,  o 
the  Big  Rapids  Branch  of  the  Chiciigo  &  West  Micbiga 
Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Grand  Rapids,  New.aygo  i 
Lake  Shore  Railroad,  35  miles  N.E.  of  Muskegon.  It  ha 
a  church  and  a  saw-mill.     Here  is  White  Cloud  Post-Offlc< 

Mor'gansville,  a  hamlet  6f  Washington  co.,  Md.,  a 
Morgantovvn  Station  on  the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroac 
3i  miles  N.W.  from  Hagerstown.     Pop.  about  90. 

Morgansville,  a  post-village  of  Morgan  co.,  0.,  abou 
30  miles  S.  of  Zanesville.     It  has  a  church.    Pop.  77, 

Morgansville,  a  post-hamlct  of  Doddridge  co.,  W.  Va 
on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  about  00  milea  £.  o 
Parkcrsburg. 

Mor'ganton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Fannin  co.,  Qa 
near  the  Ocoee,  90  miles  N.  of  Atlanta.     It  has  a  church. 

Morganton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Burke  co.,  N.C, 
in  Morganton  township,  on  the  Catawba  River,  and  on  tb 
Western  North  Carolina  Railroad,  55  miles  \\\  of  States 
ville,  and  about  64  miles  N.W.  of  Charlotte.  It  has  a  court 
house,  a  newspaper  office,  4  churches,  and  Wilberforoe  Col 
lege  (Episcopalian).  Gold  is  found  here.  Pop.  in  181)1) 
1657;  of  the  township,  4318. 

Morganton,  or  Morgantown,  a  post-village 
Loudon  CO.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Little  Tennessee  River,  about  82 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Knoxville.     It  hua  3  general  stores, 

Morgantown,  a  post-village  in  Jackson  township 
Morg.an  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Cincinnati  &  Martinsville  Rail- 
road, 35  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  3  cburobes 
2  flour-mills,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  500. 

Morgantown,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Butler  co. 
Ky.,  on  Green  River,  about  24  miles  N.W.  of  BowUnj 
Green.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  seminary.     Pop.  125. 

Morgantown,  Maryland.    See  Morgansvillk. 

Morgantown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co.,  0.,  19  milei 
S.W.  of  Chillicothe.     Near  it  arc  2  or  3  churches.    Pop.  55 

Morgantown,  a  post-village  in  Caernarvon  township 
Berks  co..  Pa.,  12  or  13  miles  S.  of  Reading.  It  hai  J 
churches,  2  stores,  and  2  taverns. 

Morgantown,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Monongalil 
CO.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Monongahela  River,  about  50  miles  S.E 
of  Wheeling,  and  65  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg.  It  contains  f 
churches,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  a  female  seminary, 
2  newspaper  offices,  and  several  mills.  Here  is  the  WesI 
Virginia  University,  founded  by  the  state  in  1867.  Steam' 
boats  can  ascend  the  river  to  this  place.     Pop.  (1890)  1011 

Morgan  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Wyoming  co.,  W.  Va 

Mor'ganvillc,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Lowndes  co,' 


I 


MOR 


1891 


MOR 


In.,  on  the  Mobile  &  Montgomery  Railroad,  17  miles  S.S.W. 
■  Montgomery. 

Morgaiiville,  a  small  post-village  of  Dade  co.,  Ga.,  on 
0  Alabama  &  Chattanooga  Kailroad,  \2  miles  B.W.  of 
jattanooga. 

Morganville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  Kansas,  in 
icrman  township,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Clay  Centre.  It  has 
churches. 

Morgaiivillc,  Kentucky.     See  Home. 
Mor'gaiiville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Marlborough  township, 
onmouth  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Freehold  &  New  York  Rail- 
ad,  9  miles  N.  of  Freehold. 

Morganville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Stafford  township,  Gon- 
ee  CO.,  X.Y.,  about  25  miles  W.S.W.  of  Rochester.  It  has 
or  2  churches. 

Morgan'za,  a  post-ofiBce  of  St.  Mary's  oo.,  Md.,  about 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Washington,  D.C. 
Morganza,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVashington  co.,  Pa.,  on 
0  Chartiers  Railroad,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has 
reform  school. 
Morgarteii,  moR'gaii't^n,  a  mountain  of  Switzerland, 

the  boundary  of  the  cantons  of  Schwytz  and  Zug,  5 
ilcs  N.  of  Schwytz.  Here,  on  15th  November,  1315,  1300 
fiss  defeated  20,000  men  under  Leopold  of  Austria,  this 
ini;  the  first  battle  fought  for  Swiss  indeiiendenee. 
3iorgenstern,mou'oh§n-st6Rn',  or  Morchenstern, 
uiiK'?n-st5un\  a  village  of  Bohemia,  26  miles  N.E.  of 
nig-Buntzlau.     Pop.  4551. 

Merges,  mouzh  (Ger.  Moraee,  mou'si'),  a  town  of 
yitzerland,  canton  of  Vaud,  on  the  Lake  of  Geneva,  7 
iles  W.  of  Lausanne.     Pop.  3877. 

Morgram,  or  Margram,  m9r-grira',  a  town  of  Ben- 
1,  district  of  Moorshedabad,  20  miles  W.  of  Berhampoor, 
has  important  silk-manufactures.  Pop.  6766. 
Morhangc,  mon'6xzh',  or  Morchiiigen,  mon'king- 
I,  a  town  of  Germany,  Lorraine,  21  miles  S.W.  of  Saar- 
mund.    Pop.  1172. 

.llori,  mo'ree,  a  town  of  Austria,  Tyrol,  about  2  miles 
pm  Roveredo,  on  the  Adige,  at  the  junction  of  the  Come- 
30.    Pop.  4267. 

.Mori'ah,  a  post-village  in  Moriah  township,  Essex  oo., 
!,Y.,  about  37  miles  N.  of  Whitehall,  and  4  miles  W.  of 
tko  Champlain,  which  forms  the  eastern  boundary  of  the 
.vnship.  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  rich  mines  of  magnetic 
n  ore,  and  several  furnaces.  The  township  is  intersected 
the  New  York  &  Canada  Railroad.  It  contains  larger 
dages,  named  Port  lienry  and  Alineville.  Pop.  of  the 
unship  in  181)0,  6787. 

Moriah  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Moriah  township, 
SOX  CO.,  N.Y.,  near  the  Adirondack  Mountains,  3  miles 
im  Port  Henry,  and  about  100  miles  X.  of  Albany.  It 
iS  a  graded  school,  6  stores,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and 
h  iron-mines.     Pop.  about  300. 

Mori'an,  a  hamlet  of  Colfax  co.,  Nob.,  about  62  miles 
jN.W.of  Lincoln. 

jRIorians,  a  station  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
ke  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  4  miles  S.W. 
Dunkirk. 

|Morichcs,  maw-rich'iz  or  mo-rich'iz,  a  post-village  of 
ffolk  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  an  inlet  of  the  ocean,  about  14  miles 
y.  of  Riverhead,  and  5  miles  W.  of  Moriches  Station, 
has  nearly  50  houses.     Many  fish  and  wild  fowls  are 
ijht  near  this  place.     It  is  also  called  West  Moriches. 
Uoricium,  the  Latin  name  of  Mobez. 
jMorilcoo  Island.    See  Hall  Island. 
JiHorin,  mo-roen',  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg, 

the  railway  from  Augsburg  to  Munich,  6  miles  E.  of 
,'olstadt.     Pop.  1668. 

Uoringen,  mo'ring-?n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover, 
j  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Ilildeshoim.     Pop.  2040. 
iHoritolium,  the  Latin  name  of  Mortatn. 
iWorkowitz,  raoR'ko-*its',  a  town  of  Moravia,  12  miles 
ra  Wisehau.     Pop.  1380. 

Uorlaas,  moR'lils',  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Basses- 
i-6nees,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Pau.  Pop.  1681. 
VIorlacca,  moR-lik'ki  (Ger.  Vdlehith,  vJl'ia-bit'),  a 
trict  of  Croatia,  consisting  of  the  mountainous  coast- 
e,  comprising  the  towns  of  Carlopago  and  Zengg.  Its 
labitanls,  called  Morlaks,  or  Morlacchi,  are  of  Slavic 
c,  and  are  among  the  rudest  in  the  empire.  Morlacca 
uiT,  3  miles  in  breadth,  separates  the  Illyrian  and  Dal- 
tian  islands,  Veglia,  Arbe,  and  Pago,  from  the  mainland. 
ttorlaix,  moRMi'  (L.  Morlee'nm),  a  town  of  France,  in 
listfire,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Jarlot  and  Queffleut, 
ich,  uniting  as  they  fall  into  a  small  estuary,  form  a  bar-' 

difficult  of  access,  but  secure  when  entered,  34  miles 
G.  of  Brest.    It  is  picturesquely  situated  in  a  valley  so 


narrow  as  only  to  admit  the  stream.  The  principal  square  is 
of  great  extent,  and  adorned  with  some  fine  mansions.  Mor- 
laix  contains  a  hotel-de-ville,  the  churches  of  St.  Matthew 
and  St.  Melaine,  a  public  library,  and  a  communal  college. 
The  manufactures  are  linen,  oil,  candles,  paper,  and  tobacco, 
for  which  the  government  has  a  factory,  employing  about 
1000  persons.  The  trade  is  in  leather,  agricultural  products, 
thread,  paper,  wine,  and  brandy.     Pop.  13,519. 

Morlanwelz,  mor'ia,n--ft5lz\  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
Hainaut,  15  miles  E.  of  Mons.     Pop.  of  commune,  4215. 

Mor'Iey,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West  Riding, 

4  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Leeds.     Pop.  9607. 
Mor'Iey,  a  post-village  of  Mecosta  oo.,  Mich.,  on  the 

South  Branch  of  the  Muskegon  River,  and  on  the  Grand 
Rapids  <fc  Indiana  Railroad,  41  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Grand 
Rapids,  and  14  miles  S.  of  Big  Rapids.  It  has  a  church,  a 
graded  school,  and  lumber-  and  shinglc-mills.     Pop.  600. 

Morley,  a  post-village  in  Morley  township,  Scott  co., 
Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  <fc  Southern  Railroad, 
28  miles  W.  of  Cairo,  and  13  miles  S.AV.  of  Commerce.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  400. 

Morley,  a  post-village  in  Canton  township,  St.  Law- 
rence CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Grass  River,  about  10  miles  W.  by 
S.  of  Potsdam,  and  15  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Ogdensburg.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  460. 

Morley,  a  post-office  of  Barron  co..  Wis. 

Mormanno,  moR-min'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Coscnza, 
13  miles  N.W.  of  Castrovillari.     Pop.  6890. 

Mormentzel,  moR'mdnt-sdr,  a  hill  of  Transylvania,  in 
the  narrow  pass  of  Borso,  on  the  Great  Szamos,  abovo 
which  it  rises  more  than  1800  feet. 

Mormoiron,  m o R^mw 5,^-6 n>>'  (L.  Marmurio),  a  town 
of  France,  in  Vaucluse,  on  the  Auzon,  7  miles  E.  of  Car- 
pcntras.     Pop.  1433. 

Mor'mon  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Grayson  co.,  Tex. 

Mormon  Island,  a  post-village  of  Sacramento  co., 
Cal.,  on  the  South  Fork  of  the  American  River,  about  25 
miles  N.E.  of  Sacramento. 

Mormon  River,  Idaho,  rises  in  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
runs  northwestward  in  Boise  co.,  and  enters  the  East  Fork 
of  Salmon  River. 

Mor'montown,  a  post-office  of  Taylor  co.,  Iowa,  at 
Colfax,  a  hamlet  15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bedford. 

Mornant,  mon'n&No',  a  town  of  France,  in  Rhone,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Lyons.     Pop.  1504. 

Morne-a-I'Eau,  morn-4-lo',  a  town  of  the  French 
colony  of  Guadeloupe,  West  Indies,  near  the  centre  of  the 
island  of  Grande-Terre,  9  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Pointe-il-Pitro. 
Pop.  of  commune,  5483. 

Mornese,  mou-ni'sA,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Alessandria, 

5  miles  from  Novi.     Pop.  1100. 

Mornico,  mou'ne-ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Bergamo.     Pop.  1532. 

Morn'ing  Glo'ry,  a  post-office  of  Nicholas  co.,  Ky. 

Morn'ingsidc,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  2  miles 
S.  of  Edinburgh.  It  has  numerous  liandsome  seats  and 
villas,  and  is  much  resorted  to  for  its  salubrious  air.  Here 
is  the  city  and  county  lunatic  asylum. 

Morn'ingside,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  5i  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Morning  Star,  a  township  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  918. 

Morning  Star,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Tenn., 
5  miles  N.W.  of  Jonesborough. 

Morning  Sun,  a  post-village  in  Morning  Sun  township, 
Louisa  CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  & 
Northern  Railroad,  23  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Burlington,  and 
7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Wapello.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  4 
churches,  and  a  money-order  post-office.  Pop.  785  j  of  the 
township,  730  additional. 

Morning  Sun,  a  post-village  of  Preble  co.,  0.,  about 
40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  an  academy  and  a 
church. 

Morn'ington,  a  hamlet  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Mcath,  on 
the  Boyne,  3  miles  E.N.E.  of  Drogheda. 

Morn'ington,  a  post-office  of  Webster  oo..  Mo.,  13 
miles  S.  of  Marshfield. 

Mornington  Lsland,  the  northernmost  and  largest 
of  the  Wellesley  Islands,  Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  Australia, 
in  lat.  16°  24'  S.,  Ion.  139°  37'  E. 

Mornington  Port,  an  inlet  of  the  Red  Sea,  in  Nubia. 
Lat.  18°  11'  N. 

Morn'ing  View,  a  post-village  of  Kenton  co.,  Ky, 

Morning  View,  a  post-office  of  Belmont  cc ,  0.,  6 
miles  N.AV.  of  Martinsville. 

Mo'ro,  a  small  river  of  Arkansas,  enters  tQe  Ouachita 
at  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Bradley  co. 


MOR 


1892 


MOR 


Moro,  a  post-oflio«  of  Lee  oo.,  Ark.,  about  85  miles  E. 
of  Little  Rook. 

Moro,  toirnship,  Snn  Luis  Obispo  oo.,  Cal.     Pop.  627. 

Moro^  a  post-village  of  Miuiison  co.,  III.,  on  the  In- 
dianapolis A  St.  Louis  lUilroad,  23  miles  N.N.B.  of  St. 
Louis,  Mo.  It  has  a  church  and  a  public  school.  Good 
ooal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  184. 

Moro,  a  post-otBoo  of  Aroostook  oo.,  Me.,  about  23  miles 
W.  of  lloulton, 

Moro,  a  post-oflico  of  Tarrant  oo.,  Tox. 

Moru  HiiVt  <^  post-hamlot  of  Bradley  oo.,  Ark.,  on  the 
Moro  Kivor,  at  its  entrance  into  the  Ouachita  Hirer,  about 
40  miles  S.E.  of  Camdon.     It  has  a  church. 

Morocco^  mo-ruk'ku,  or  Marocco  (Arab.  Mamkath, 
m&-r&'k^h,  or  Afara)t*A,  m&-r&k8h' ;  Ft.  Muroc,  n)&V6k'; 
Sp.  Marrneco,  maR-Roo-d'ko ;  It.  Marocco,  niil-rok'ko;  L. 
Maro'chium),  a  city,  one  of  the  capitals  of  an  cinpiro  of  the 
same  name,  on  the  N.  side  of  an  extensive  and  fertile  plain, 
1450  feet  above  sea-level.  Lat.  31°  37'  31"  N. ;  Ion.  7°  35' 
SO"  W.  It  is  nearly  6  miles  in  circuit,  and  is  surrounded 
by  a  strongly-built  machioolated  wall  of  tappia  work  (lime 
beaten  with  earth),  30  feet  high,  with  foundations  of  ma- 
sonry, and  square  towers  every  60  paces.  In  the  walls  there 
are  1 1  gates.  The  entire  space  within  is  not  generally  cov- 
ered with  buildings,  but  comprises  large  gardens  and  open 
areas  of  from  20  to  30  acres  in  extent.  The  streets  are  nar- 
row, irregular,  and  unpaved.  The  houses  are  mostly  con- 
structed of  tappia,  although  many  are  built  of  stone  ;  they 
are  generally  of  one  story,  flat-roofod,  with  the  side  to- 
wards the  street  plain  and  whitewashed,  having  here  and 
there  a  narrow,  unglazed  opening  for  a  window.  There 
are  several  market-places  and  a  covered  bazaar,  at  which  a 
great  variety  of  articles  are  always  on  sale.  There  are  al- 
together 19  mosques  in  the  city,  of  which  6  are  remarkable 
for  their  size  and  architectural  elegance.  On  the  S.  of  the 
oity  stands  the  palace,  comprising  a  space  about  1500  yards 
long  by  600  yards  wide,  and  near  it  is  the  Jews'  quarter 
(El  Millah),  a  walled  enclosure  about  IJ  miles  in  circuit, 
one-half  of  it  nearly  in  ruins,  thronged  to  suffocation,  and 
excessively  filthy,  like  the  whole  town.  Morocco  is  famous 
for  the  manufacture  of  the  species  of  leather  to  which  the 
town  gives  name.  The  color  used  in  dyeing  the  morocco  is 
confined  to  yellow.  There  are  the  ruins  of  extensive  aque- 
ducts in  the  vicinity  of  the  town,  some  of  them  20  miles  in 
length.  Morocco  was  founded  in  1072.  It  has  long  been 
hastening  to  decay,  and  is  now  nearly  half  in  ruins,  the 
result  of  war,  plague,  and  wretched  government.  Pop.  es- 
timated at  40,000. 

Morocco,  or  Marocco  (anc.  Tingita'na  Maurtta'nta  ; 
Arabic,  Moghreeh-el-Aksa,  m6n*reeb'-fil-ik'si,  i.e.,  "The 
Extreme  West ;"  Fr.  Maroc,  miVok' ;  Sp.  Marruecos,  mau- 
Roo-i'koce),  an  extensive  maritime  country  occupying  the 
N.W.  extremity  of  Africa,  bounded  W.  by  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  N.  by  the  Mediterranean,  N.E.  by  Algeria,  and  E. 
and  S.  by  the  Sahara  or  Great  Desert.  Lat.  28°  to  36° 
N. ;  Ion.  0°  38'  to  11°  38'  AV.  Area,  about  190,560  square 
miles.  The  country  is  traversed  diagonally  from  N.E.  to 
S.W.,  throughout  its  whole  extent,  by  the  chains  of  the  At- 
las Mountains,  on  the  N.W.  side  of  which  lie  the  territories 
of  Fez  and  Morocco,  and  on  the  opposite  side  the  principali- 
ties of  Tafilet,  Drah  (Daraa),  El-Marish,  Adrl,r,  Gozulah, 
Soos-el-Adna,  and  Soos-el-Aksa,  that  is,  "  the  extreme  or 
farthest  limit." 

Physically  considered,  Morocco  falls  naturally  into  four 
regions.  1.  The  great  range  of  the  Atlas,  composed  of 
two  or  more  parallel  chains,  meeting  the  desert  of  Angad 
in  the  N.E.,  forms  a  natural  frontier.  2.  Br-Reef,  or  the 
northern  maritime  district,  comprising  the  chains  of  moun- 
tains which  rise  at  no  great  distance  from  the  Mediterranean 
Sea.  3,  The  wide  belt  of  fertile  plain,  intermixed  with  hill 
and  valley,  which  lies  between  the  two  preceding  regions, 
and  extends  from  the  Mulweeya  to  Mogadore,  a  distance 
of  450  miles.  4.  The  plains  and  valleys  S.E.  of  the  Atlas. 
These  last  all  terminate  in  or  adjoin  the  Great  Desert. 

Morocco  has  the  largest  rivers  in  North  Africa.  Those 
flowing  from  the  N.  side  of  the  Atlas  have  their  channels 
well  filled  with  water ;  but  those  flowing  from  the  S. 
are  dry  in  summer.  The  Mulweeya,  rising  in  a  principal 
knot  of  the  Atlas,  nearly  in  lat.  32°  30'  N.,  flows  N.E. 
to  the  Mediterranean,  with  a  course  of  350  miles.  The 
Seboo  descends  from  Mount  Sililgo  W.  to  the  Atlantic,  in 
a  course  of  160  miles.  The  Morbeya,  which  enters  the  sea 
at  Azamor,  lat.  33°  17'  N.,  has  a  course  of  about  230  miles; 
and  the  Tensift,  which  passes  near  the  city  of  Morocco,  has 
a  length  of  about  190  miles.  Of  the  rivers  which  discharge 
their  waters  into  the  desert,  the  Guir,  the  most  E.,  seems  to 
have  a  coarse  S.S.E.,  oeoasionally  traceable  for  300  or  400 


miles.  The  Ziz,  which,  with  its  numerous  affluents,  wnle 
a  very  fertile  and  populous  country,  is  spent  before  It  attai 
half  that  length,  'rho  Drah,  or  Darna,  rising  in  the  oei 
tral  and  moat  elevated  portion  of  the  Atlas  (hit.  from  31 
to  32°  N.),  first  runs  S.  for  nearly  200  miles,  forms  a  In] 
called  Ed-DebaVa,  and  then,  turning  W.,  enters  the  occn 
in  lat.  28°  18'  N.,  after  a  course  of  700  miles;  the  low 
portion  of  its  bod,  however,  and  the  lake,  aru  periodical 
dry.  The  coast,  being  generally  low  and  little  broken,  ofr« 
few  good  harbors:  of  these,  Tangier  and  Mi);;:id<iro  arc  ll 
best;  the  rest,  as  El-Araish,  Sale,  Rabatt,  Mrlieiiiah,  Ai 
mor,  Ac,  are  but  open  roadsteads  at  the  mouths  of  riven 

The  summits  of  the  Atlas  often  rise  into  peaks,  but  Ihg 
scenery  is  characterized  rather  by  rounded  heights  oloth< 
with  luxuriant  forests  than  by  rugged  and  precipitous  foru! 
Copper  ores  are  found  in  the  S.  ramifications,  S.  of  the  riv 
Soos.  There  are  reports,  also,  of  iron-minus  in  the  intcrio 
and  of  lead  in  the  vicinity  of  TCmsna.  The  klml,  or  ore  ( 
antimony,  used  by  Moorish  ladies  for  darkening  the  cy 
brows,  is  obtained  from  Tedla.  Amethysts  of  great  si 
and  beauty  have  been  found  in  the  Atlas. 

The  climate  is  generally  very  fine.  The  oxtromes  ( 
temperature  lie  within  moderate  limits,  the  mean  anna 
temperature  of  the  city  of  Morocco,  at  an  absolute  elev 
tion  of  1384  feet,  being  about  64°.  The  forests  of  Er-Ilc 
contain,  among  other  species  of  oak,  that  which  bears  cdib 
acorns,  and  also  that  which  yields  cork.  In  the  higher  r 
gions  of  the  Atlas  are  found  the  Aleppo  pine,  the  cedar  ( 
Lebanon,  and  many  varieties  of  oxycedrus  and  of  janip« 
yielding  fragrant  gums.  The  date-palm  and  the  dwai 
palm  form  extensive  woods  E.  and  S.  of  the  Atlas.  In  tl 
maritime  region  grows  the  Eleodendron  ai-gdn,  from  tl 
olive-like  fruit  of  which  is  extracted  an  excellent  oil.  Amoi 
the  wild  plants  of  the  S.  provinces  may  be  mentioned  tl 
caper  and  archil,  the  latter  an  important  article  of  con 
merce. 

The  agriculture  of  Morocco  is  in  the  lowest  possible  coi 
dition.  Neither  science  nor  capital  aids  the  labors  of  the  hu 
bandman.  The  cereal  crops  are  wheat,  which  is  excellcn 
barley,  of  inferior  quality,  and  maize.  Uurrah,  or  millc 
constitutes  the  chief  support  of  the  population,  thoug 
beans,  the  esculent  arum,  and  canary-seed  are  consumed  i 
large  quantities  by  the  poorer  classes.  The  vino  is  cult 
vated  near  the  towns  for  the  sake  of  the  fresh  grapes  at 
raisins.  All  the  fruits  of  Southern  Europe  and  the  Canai 
Islands  are  to  be  found  here  in  sufficient  abundance, 
large  portion  of  the  population  leads  a  pastoral  life. 

The  lion  still  haunts  the  plains  on  the  sides  of  the  Atlft 
followed  by  panthers  and  ounces.  The  wild  boar  inhabits  tl 
woods.  Gazelles  and  several  species  of  large  antelope  cnt( 
the  country  from  the  desert.  But  more  formidable  by  fj 
than  beasts  of  prey  are  the  locusts,  which  come  from  tl 
desert  in  countless  multitudes,  spreading  desolation  0V( 
the  fields.  The  ostrich  is  found  on  the  S.  frontiers,  and  tl 
ostrich  feathers  brought  from  that  quarter  are  the  bo 
known  in  commerce.  The  wealth  of  the  Arab  tribes  coi 
sists  chiefly  in  their  droves,  herds,  and  flocks.  Horses  o 
an  excellent  breed  are  numerous,  and  still  moro  importar 
are  the  sheep,  the  wool  of  which  is  frequently  of  the  finei 
possible  description. 

In  general,  among  the  rural  population,  every  woma 
spins  and  every  man  knows  how  to  weave.  Fez  mak« 
and  exports  great  quantities  of  cloth  caps.  The  tanners  o 
Mequinez  have  a  gre.at  reputation  ;  those  of  Morocco  rend( 
the  lion's  or  panther's  skin  as  white  as  snow  and  as  soft  a 
silk.  Of  the  fine  morocco  leather,  Fez  furnishes  the  rei 
Tafilet  the  green,  and  the  city  of  Morocco  the  yellow.  Tb 
Morocco  carpets,  called  by  the  Moors  Shcrbiah  and  Katifal 
and  much  esteemed  in  Europe,  under  the  name  of  Turkc 
carpets,  are  made  chiefly  in  the  province  of  Ducalla.  Tb 
Jews  alone  do  business  as  goldsmiths  and  jewellers.  Th 
commerce  of  Morocco  may  be  classed  under  three  heads 
1,  commerce  with  the  East,  carried  on  by  means  of  the  cara 
vans  to  Mecca;  2,  with  Soodan  across  the  Great  Desert;  i 
the  maritime  trade.  The  first-named  comprises  Persia 
silks,  perfumes,  spices,  and  some  Indian  goods,  to  which  ar 
added  cotton  and  raw  silk  from  Cairo.  The  goods  exports 
by  this  channel  are  cochineal,  indigo,  skins,  fine  Icathei 
woollen  cloths,  and  ostrich  feathers.  The  caravans  goin; 
S.  are  much  less  numerous  than  those  destined  for  Egyp 
or  Mecca,  yet  they  often  reckon  from  16,000  to  20,00 
camels.  At  Timbuctoo  they  meet  the  merchants  from  th 
S.,  and  dispose  of  their  goods,  chiefly  salt,  woollen  mantlet 
sashes,  daggers,  tobacco,  and  looking-glasses,  for  ivory 
rhinoceros-horn,  incense,  gold-dust,  ostrich  feathers,  guins 
malaghetta  pepper,  cardamom,  indigo,  and  slaves.  Th 
capital  advanced  on  each  expedition  to  Timbuctoo  is  esti 


MOR 


1893 


MOR 


:[\te(l  at  $1,000,000,  and  the  returns  are  said  to  exceed  in 
i.lue  ten  times  that  amount. 

The  population  of  Morocco  is  divided  into  several  dis- 
not  races.  The  Berbers,  the  oldest  inhabitants  of  the 
iuntry,  are  divided  into  Amazig  and  Shelluh,  the  latter 
whom,  inhabiting  the  high  plains  of  the  Atlas,  S.  of  the 
pitiil,  devote  themselves  to  agriculture.  The  Arabs  form 
e  bulk  of  the  rural  population  in  the  plains.  In  the 
wns  along  the  coast  are  found  the  Moors.  There  are  many 
;o-roe3  and  people  of  mixed  descent.  A  considerable  num- 
)T  o(  Jews  is  to  be  found  in  all  the  commercial  towns. 
Iio  education  given  at  the  schools  in  the  chief  towns,  and 
•  implcted  at  the  university  of  Fez,  does  not  go  beyond  the 
leology  of  the  Koran  ;  true  science  is  unknown,  and  what- 
,'cr  monuments  of  art  there  are  in  the  kingdom  point  to 
ist  ages.  Music  is  the  only  art  for  which  the  Moors  mani- 
;3t  a  decided  taste. 

The  sovereign  or  Sultan  of  Morocco,  styled  by  Europeans 
mperor,  bears  the  title  of  Emeer  el  Moomencen,  or  "  Lord 
;'  the  true  Believers."  He  is  absolute ;  the  lives  and  prop- 
ties  of  his  subjects  arc  at  his  disposal.  His  treasury, 
tuated  in  Mcquinez,  is  a  mysterious  and  impenetrable 
ructure,  guarded  by  2000  blacks,  and  is  supposed  to  eon- 
lin  great  treasures.  The  military  force  maintained  by  the 
ultan  does  not  ordinarily  exceed  16,000,  of  whom  half  are 
lacks,  and  of  the  remainder  a  large  portion  are  Bedouins. 
he  marine  force  is  insignificant.  The  population  is  esti- 
mted  at  6,000,000. 

History. — In  the  Mau'ri  or  Manru'aii,  Mas'ayli,  Muz' ices, 
nd  Gsetu'U  of  ancient  writers  it  is  easy  to  recognize  the 
loors  or  Moriscos,  the  Shelluh,  Amazig,  and  Gezulah  or 
'enoo  Godalah  of  modern  times.  The  Vandals,  who  held 
he  country  for  some  years,  are  supposed  to  have  intro- 
.iiccd  into  it,  at  the  end  of  the  fifth  and  beginning  of  the 
ixth  century,  the  piratical  habits  which  afterwards  became 
0  characteristic  of  the  coasts.  In  the  latter  part  of  the 
eventh  century  the  Arabs,  fired  with  enthusiasm,  spread 
ver  North  Africa,  and,  having  taken  possession  of  Mauri- 
ania,  penetrated  S.  to  the  borders  of  the  desert.  It  was 
bout  this  time  that  the  Jews  were  expelled  from  Spain 
A.D.  694)  and  sought  refuge  in  great  numbers  on  the 
ihores  of  Africa. 

I'  Near  the  close  of  the  eighth  century  a  descendant  of 

'Inhammed,  named  Edris,  was  made  sovereign  of  the  Ber- 

er  tribes  about  the  Atlas.     In  1035  the  warlike  sect  of 

lie  Morabitcs  first  rose  into  existence  among  the  Gezulah 

nj  on  the  borders  of  the  desert.     In  1055  their  chief,  Abu 

3ekr  ben  Omar  el-Lamtiini,  was  proclaimed  sovereign.    His 

randson  crossed   the   mountains,  and   in    1072   laid   the 

•undations  of  the  city  of  Morocco,  which  thus  arose  with 

10  remarkable  dynasty  of  the  Almoravides.    In  the  time  of 

:1I-Watas,  the  founder  of  a  dynasty  bearing  his  name,  the 

xpulsion  of  the  Moors  and  Jews  from  Spain  a.d.  1480-1501 

'  dded  800,000  souls,  it  is  said,  to  the  population.     In  the 

iiiddlc  of  the  sixteenth  century  a  new  dynasty  commenced 

vith  the  descendants  of  the  Shereef  llosein.     The  fifth  of 

his  family,  commonly  called  Ilamed  Shereef-el-Mansoor, 

towards  the  close  of  the  sixteenth  century  made  himself 

'naster  of  Morocco,  and  pushed  his  conquests  through  the 

lesert  as  far  as  Timbuctoo  and  Kagho.     His  reign  (from 

579  to  1003)  is  regarded  as  the  golden  age  in  the  history 

jif  Morocco.     The  ninth  and  last  Moroccan  dynasty  is  that 

founded  in  1648  by  Mulai  Shereef  el  Fileli,  or  King  of 

fCafilet,  who  was  remarkable,  among  other  things,  for  his 

jiumerous  posterity,  having  had  84  sons  and  124  daughters. 

'n  1814  the  Sultan  abolished  the  slavery  of  Christians,  and 

[n  1817  disarmed  his  marine  and  strictly  prohibited  piracy. 

1 — Adj.  Moorish,  moor'ish,  Monoc'cAN,  and  Moresque, 

|no-r6sk'  (Arab.  Moghuabee,  mo'chri-bec^,  in  the  plural, 

\IoGUAUEA,  mo'chau'bij  Sp.  Marroqui.v,  man-RO-keen')  ; 

nhab.  Moor  and  Mogiirebin,  mo'chreb-in. 

^    MoVoc'co,  a  post-village  in  Beaver  township,  Newton 

».,  Ind.,  about  52  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lafayette.     It  has  a 

phurch,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  drug-store. 

Moro  Creek,  New  Mexico.  See  Mora  Creek. 
Moromaiino,  a  town  of  Italy.  See  Morman.no. 
JVIoron,  mo-rOn',  or  Moron-de-la-Frontera,  mo- 
jj^D'-'li-li-fron-td'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  Andalusia,  32  miles 
jN.E.  of  Seville,  near  the  Quadaira.  It  has  a  town  house, 
.prison,  granary,  a  Latin  grammar-school,  3  hospitals,  a  fine 
tshurch  with  3  naves,  and  several  convents  and  nunneries. 
[On  the  hill  E,  of  the  town  are  the  ruins  of  an  ancient 
jBastle,  for  several  centuries  one  of  the  most  important 
jitrongholds  in  Spain.  It  was  blown  up  by  the  French  in 
,1812.  The  town  has  manufactories  of  hats,  soap,  lime,  and 
gypsum,  several  potteries,  numerous  flour-  and  oil-mills, 
,  »nd  a  few  looms  for  linens.    Pop.  12,8-46. 


m 


Morona,  mo-ro'ni,  a  river  of  Ecuador  and  Peru,  formed 
by  the  confluence  of  the  Cosulima  and  the  navigable  Man- 
gosisa.  It  flows  300  miles  southeastward,  and  joins  the 
Amazon.     It  is  navigable  throughout  by  steamers. 

Morone,  mo-ro'ni,  or  Morrone,  moR-no'ni,  a  town 
of  Italy,  in  Campobasso,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Larino.    P.  3605. 

Moroni,  mo-ro'nec,  a  post-village  of  San  Pete  co., 
Utah,  is  in  a  fertile  valley,  on  the  San  Pete  Ptiver,  36  miles 
S.  by  E.  of  York  Railroad  Station.     Pop.  in  1890,  958. 

Mo'ro  River,  Arkansas,  rises  in  Dallas  co.,  runs  south- 
ward, and  forms  the  "W.  boundary  of  Bradley  co.  until  it 
enters  the  Ouachita  River.     It  is  nearly  90  miles  long. 

Moros,  mo'roce,  a  village  of  Spain,  Aragon,  60  miles 
from  Saragossa.     It  has  a  church  and  a  hospital.     P.  1271. 

Morotai,  one  of  the  Sandwich  Islands.     See  Molokai. 

Morot'to,  Morut'tu,  or  Moratu'wa,  a  large  town 
of  Ceylon,  on  its  W,  coast,  10  miles  S.  of  Colombo. 

Morovsk,  or  MoroAVsk,  mo-rovsk',  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  36  miles  S.W.  of  Chernigov,  on  the  Desna. 

Morowan,  mo-ro-win',  a  town  of  India,  province  of 
Oude,  division  of  Lucknow.     Pop.  in  1872,  7997. 

Morozzo,  mo-rot'so,  a  town  of  Italy,  8  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Coni,  on  an  aSluent  of  the  Tanaro.     Pop.  1966. 

Mor'peth,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Northumberland, 
at  a  railway  junction,  14  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Newcastle.  It 
has  2  principal  streets,  paved,  and  lighted  with  gas,  a  town 
hall,  an  elegant  bridge  of  three  arches  over  the  Wansbeck,  a 
prison  and  court-house,  an  old  market-cross,  fine  churches, 
a  handsome  chapel  of  ease,  several  dissenting  places  of 
worship,  a  Roman  Catholic  chapel,  a  grammar-school  and 
several  other  schools,  a  mechanics'  institute,  and  a  dispen- 
sary. The  woollen-manufacture  and  tanning  are  carried 
on  to  some  extent.  The  borough  returns  a  member  to  Par- 
liament.    Pop.  (1891)5219. 

Mor'peth,  a  town  and  river-port  of  New  South  Wales, 
CO.  of  Northumberland,  at  the  head  of  the  navigable  part 
of  the  Hunter  River,  78  miles  N.E.  of  Sydney.  Steamers 
ply  between  this  place  and  Sydney.     Pop.  1236. 

Mor'peth,  a  post-village  in  Kent  co.,  Ontario,  near 
Lake  Erie,  15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Thamesville.  It  contains  a 
woollen-factory,  a  foundry,  a  saw-mill,  grist-mills,  5  or  6 
stores,  &c.     Pop.  600. 

Morphou,  a  town  of  Cyprus.    See  Morfu. 

Morra,  mon'Ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Avellino, 
3  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sant'  Angelo  dei  Lombardi.     Pop.  2849. 

Morra,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Coni,  7  miles  S.W. 
of  Alba,  on  the  Tanaro.     Pop.  3325. 

Mor'ral,  a  post-ofiice  and  station  of  Marion  co.,  C,  on 
the  Columbus  &  Toledo  Railroad,  8  miles  N.N.W. of  Marion. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  warehouse. 

Morrano,  mor-ri'no,  a  station  in  San  Joaquin  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  Visalia  division  of  the  Central  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E. 
of  Lathrop. 

Morrell',  a  post-hamlet  in  Morris  township,  Hunting- 
don CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  at  Union  Fur- 
nace Station,  about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Altoona.  Here  is  a 
large  lime-kiln. 

Morrellgunge,  morV^l-gunj',  a  town  and  port  of  Ben- 
gal, in  Jessore,  100  miles  E.  of  Calcutta.  It  is  among  the 
Sunderbunds,  and  on  a  deep  navigable  channel,  45  miles 
from  the  sea,  and  has  a  large  export  trade,  chiefly  in  rice. 

Morrice,  mor'ris,  a  post-office  of  Shiawassee  co.,  Mich. 

Mor'rill,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Brown  co.,  Kansas, 
on  the  St.  Joseph  &  Denver  City  Railroad,  11  miles  N.W. 
of  Hiawatha. 

Morrill,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Ky. 

Morrill,  a  post-hamlet  in  Morrill  township,  Waldo  co., 
Me.,  7  miles  W.  of  Belfast.     Pop.  of  the  township,  523. 

Mor'rill's  Corner,  a  village  in  Deering  township, 
Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  near  Portland.  It  has  a  church,  and 
manufactures  of  organs,  leather,  and  britannia-ware. 

Mor'rillton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Conway  co.. 
Ark.,  on  the  Little  Rock  &  Fort  Smith  Railroad,  50  miles 
N.W.  of  Argenta.  It  has  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  saw-, 
shingle-,  and  grist-mills,  and  a  cotton-gin.     Pop.  1644. 

Mor'ris,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Kansas,  has 
an  area  of  about  684  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Neosho  River,  which  rises  in  it,  and  by  small  affluents  of 
the  Kansas  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly 
level.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Nearly  95  per  cent,  of  it  is 
prairie.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  bay,  and  cattle  are  the  staple 
products.  Magnesian  limestone  abounds  in  this  county, 
which  is  intersected  by  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Rail- 
road and  two  other  railroads.  Capital,  Council  Grove.  Pop. 
in  1870,  2225;  in  1875,4597;  in  1880,9265;  in  1890, 11,381. 

Morris,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  New  Jersey,  has  an 
area  of  about  470  sc^uare  miles.    It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E. 


MOR 


nu 


MOR 


by  the  Pequannock  River,  on  the  8.B.  and  B.  by  the  Pas- 
saic Rirer,  and  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Musoonetoung.  It  is 
also  dniinod  by  the  sources  of  the  Raritnn  and  by  the  Rook- 
awuy  River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is 
oorered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  chestnut,  hickory,  Ac. 
Among  its  remarkable  features  is  Schooley's  Mountain,  a 
Buminer  resort.  Indian  corn,  hay,  oats,  and  butter  are  the 
staple  products  of  the  farms.  This  county  has  rich  iron- 
mines,  and  extensive  manufactures  of  forged  and  rolled 
iron  and  nails.  Limestone  and  marble  nre  found  here.  This 
oounty  is  intersected  by  the  Morris  Canal,  the  Delaware, 
Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  the  Central  of  New  Jer- 
sey Railroad,  and  the  Morris  County  Railroad.  Capital, 
Morri»town.     Pop.  in  1880,  60,80! ;  in  1890,  54,101. 

Morris,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Texas,  has  nn  area 
of  260  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Sul- 
phur Fork  of  Red  River,  and  also  drained  by  Big  Cypress 
and  White  Oak  Bayous.  The  surfuce  is  undulating,  and 
extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  cypress,  hickory, 
oak,  pecan,  Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile.  This  county  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  East  Line  A  Red  River  Railroad.  Capital, 
Daingerfield.     Pop.  in  1880.  50.S2  ;  in  1890,  6580. 

Alorris,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  South 
A  North  Alabama  Railroad,  19  miles  N.  of  Birmingham. 
Ilero  is  a  church. 

Morris,  a  post-village  of  Litchfiold  co..  Conn.,  in  Mor- 
ris township,  3  miles  E.  of  Morris  Station,  and  about  30 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Hartford.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  701.  Morris  Station  is  at  West  Morris,  on 
the  Shepaug  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Litchfield. 

Morris,  a  hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Qa.,  about  32  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Athens.    See  also  Morris  Statiox. 

Morris,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Qrundy  co..  III.,  is  in 
Morris  township,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Illinois  River,  on 
the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  and  on  the 
Illinois  A  Michigan  Canal,  61  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago,  23 
miles  E.  of  Ottawa,  and  21  miles  W.S.W.  of  Joliet.  It  has 
7  churches,  2  national  banks,  a  high  school,  a  classical  in- 
stitute, 2  newspaper  offices,  2  flour-mills,  a  tannery,  and 
manufactures  of  school-furniture  and  farming-implements, 
liituuiinuus  coal  is  mined  here.  Pup.  iu  lii\H),  3053;  of  the 
township,  3745. 

Morris,  a  post-village  in  Adams  township,  Ripley  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  A  Lafayette  Railroad, 
61  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cincinnati,  0.  It  has  a  church,  and 
manufactures  of  spokes,  hubs,  cooperage,  Ac. 

Morris,  a  station  in  Kent  co.,  Md.,  near  the  Delaware 
line,  on  the  Queen  Anne's  A  Kent  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of 
Massey's. 

Morris,  a  hamlet  in  Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Chicago 
A  Michigan  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  1^  miles  N.  of  Bridge- 
man.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Morris,  a  post-village  in  Morris  township,  capital  of 
Stevens  co.,  Minn.,  near  the  Pomme  de  Terre  River,  and 
on  the  St.  Paul  A  Pacific  Railroad,  159  miles  W.N.W.  of  St. 
Paul,  nnd  25  miles  N.N.W.  of  JJenson.  Pop.  in  1S90,  1266j 
of  the  township,  additional,  237. 

Morris,  a  township  of  Carroll  co..  Mo.     Pop.  38.31. 

Morris,  a  township  of  Sullivan  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  964. 

Morris,  a  township  of  Texas  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  539. 

Morris,  a  township  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.  Pop.  5674.  It 
fiontains  Morristown. 

Morris,  or  Louisville,  a  post-village  in  Morris 
township,  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Butternut  Creek,  about  40 
miles  S.  of  Utica,  and  15  miles  E.  of  Norwich.  It  has  4 
churches,  an  academic  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  chair- 
factory,  a  cotton-factory,  and  a  banking-house.  The  name 
of  its  post-office  is  Morris.  Pop.  about  650;  of  the  town- 
ship, 2303. 

Morris,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  0.     Pop.  860. 

Morris,  a  post-office  of  Seneca  co.,  0. 

Morris,  a  township  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1480. 
It  contains  Morrisdale  and  Kylerton. 

Morris,  a  township  of  Greene  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1296.  It 
contains  Nineveh. 

Morris,  a  township  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.     Pop.  688. 

Morris,  a  township  of  Tioga  co..  Pa.  Pop.  423.  It 
has  dense  forests  of  hemlock  and  hardwood,  and  bods  of 
coal.     It  contains  a  part  of  Antrim. 

Morris,  a  post-office  in  Morris  township,  Tioga  co..  Pa., 
about  32  miles  N.N.W.  of  Williamsport.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 423. 

Morris,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  has  beds 
of  coal.     Pop.  1050.     It  contains  the  village  of  Prosperity. 

Morris,  a  post-office  of  Hanover  co.,  Va. 

Morrisania,  mor'ris-a'ne-a,  a  village  of  Westchester 
00.,  N.Y.,  on  the  £.  bank  of  Uarlem  Jliver,  and  on  the 


New  York  A  Harlem  Railroad,  about  10  miles  N.  by  F4.  0 
the  city  hall.  It  was  annexed  to  the  city  of  Now  York  I 
1873,  and  its  post-office  is  now  a  branch  of  the  New  Yor 
Post-Office.  Here  are  numerous  churches  and  elegant  r««| 
dences. 

Mor'risbarg,  a  village  and  port  of  entry  in  Dundos  co 
Ontario,  on  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  at  the  foot  of  the  H'witst 
du  PlatCanal,92  miles  by  rail  W.  of  .Montreal.  Ithoi  watcf 
power,  2  churches,  a  branoh  bank,  saw-,  grist-,  and  oardina 
mills,  2  foundries,  a  tannery,  several  factories,  a  number  o 
stores,  and  a  newspaper  office.  A  steamer  runs  rcgularl 
between  here  and  Waddington,  N.Y.     Pop.  1156. 

Mor'ris  Chap'el,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co.,  Mo 

Morris  Church,  a  j)ost-office  of  Campbell  co.,  Va. 

Morris  Cross  Iloads,  a  post-village  in  Spring  Hi 
township,  Fayette  co..  Pa.,  about  56  miles  S.  of  Pittsburi 
It  has  2  stores  and  several  vineyards. 

Mor'risdale,  or  Mor'risdale  Mines,  a  poit-viling 
in  Morris  township,  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  30  miles  N.N.W.  0 
Phillinsburg,  and  about  36  miles  N.N.E.  of  AKoona.  It  i 
the  N.  terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  Tyrone  &  Cloarfiol 
Railroad.     It  has  mines  of  coal  and  a  church.     Pop.  3U0 

Morris  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Roane  co.,  Tenn. 

Morris  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co.,  Va. 

Morris  Island,  of  South  Carolina,  is  on  the  S.  sid 
of  the  entrance  of  Charleston  harbor,  and  borders  on  th 
Atlantic  Ocean.  Its  N.  extremity  is  about  1  mile  S.S.t 
of  Fort  Sumter. 

Mor'rison,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Minnesota 
has  an  area  of  about  970  square  miles.  It  is  intersect* 
by  the  Mississipi)i  River,  is  partly  bounded  on  the  N.  b 
the  Crow  Wing  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Plutte  an) 
Swan  Rivers.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  cxtensivel; 
covered  witli  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  \V heat,  oats,  grose 
and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  trav 
ersed  by  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  LittI 
Falls.    Pop.  in  1870,  1681 ;  in  1880,  5875;  in  1890,  13,323 

Morrison,  a  post-hamlct  of  Jefferson  co.,  Col.,  on  thi 
Denver  &  South  Park  Railroad,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Denver 
It  has  a  fine  stone  hotel,  a  large  stone  school-house,  a  sul 
phur  spring,  and  a  quarry  of  limestone, 

Morrison,  a  city,  capital  of  Whiteside  co.,  HI.,  is  ii 
Mount  Pleasant  township,  on  Rock  Creek,  and  on  the  Cnicagf 
&  Northwestern  Railroad,  124  miles  W.  of  Chicago,  and  1- 
milcs  E.  of  Clinton,  Iowa.  It  contains  a  court-house,  t 
national  b.ank,  a  private  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  gradet 
school,  7  churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages  um 
farming-implements.     Pop.  in  1890,  20SS. 

Morrison,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Grundy  co.,  Iowa 
on  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  A  Northern  Railroiul,  I 
miles  E.  of  Grundy  Centre. 

Morrison,  a  post-village  of  Gasconade  co.,  Mo.,  on 
the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  9i 
miles  W.  of  St.  Louis,  and  12  miles  W.  of  Hermann.  Il 
has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Morrison,  a  post-hamlet  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  3  milei 
from  Whitehaven,  and  about  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Wilkoi- 
barre.     It  h.as  a  grist-mill. 

Morrison,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Tenn.,  on  1 
railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of  McMinnville. 

Morrison,  a  post- village  in  Morrison  township.  Brown 
CO.,  AVis.,  about  14  miles  S.  of  the  city  of  Green  Bay.  The 
township  has  4  churches  and  several  lumber-mills.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1398. 

3Iorrison,  Dane  co.,  Wis.    See  Morrisosvillb. 

Morrison  Bluft',  a  post-hamlct  of  Logan  co..  Ark.,  on 
the  Arkansas  River,  3  miles  from  Spadra  Station,  and  aboul 
60  miles  E.  of  Fort  Smith.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Morrison's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alachua  co.,  Fla., 
about  30  miles  W.  of  Palatka. 

Mor'risonville,  a  post-village  in  Ricks  township, 
Christian  co..  III.,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad.  40  miles  S.W. 
of  Decatur,  and  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Litchfield.  It  has  2 
banks,  a  high  school,  a  money-order  post-cfficc,  a  news- 
paper office,  5  churches,  and  an  elevator.     Pop.  about  900. 

Morrisonville,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Saranac  River,  in  Plattsburg  and  Schiuyler  Falls  town 
ships,  5  miles  W.  of  Plattsburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a  wool 
len-mill,  a  machine-shop,  and  a  starch-factory. 

Morrisonville,  a  post-office  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va. 

Morrisonville,  a  post-hamlct  of  Dane  co.,  Wis.,  » 
Morrison  Station  on  the  Madison  A  Portage  Railroad,  10 
miles  N.  of  Madison.     It  has  an  elevator.     Pop.  100. 

Morris  Plains,  a  post-village  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Morris  A  Essex  Ruilroiid,  2i  miles  N.  of  Morristown. 
It  has  a  church,  a  paper-mill,  and  a  grist-mill.  Near  aer« 
is  an  insane  asylum. 


MO  II 


1895 


MOR 


Morris  Run,  a  post-village  of  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
ilorris  Run  Branch  of  the  Tioga  Railroad,  4  miles  by  rail 
;.E.  of  Blossburg,  and  32  miles  N.  of  Williamsport.  It  has 
i  churches.     Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  2.350. 

Itforris  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Quitman  co.,  On., 
,n  the  Central  Kailroad  of  Georgia  (station  name  Morris), 
0  miles  Vf.  of  Cuthbert.     It  has  several  stores. 

Mor'riston,  a  post-village  in  AVellington  co.,  Ontario, 
0  miles  S.E.  of  Gueljih.  It  contains  2  churches  and  a 
)laning-mill.     Pop.  400. 

Mor'ristown,  a  mining  village  of  Sierra  co.,  Cal.,  about 
2  miles  N.W.  of  Downievillo.     Gold  is  found  here. 

Morristown,  a  post-ofBco  or  hamlet  of  Henry  co., 
:il..  about  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Davenport,  Iowa. 

Morristown,  a  village  in  Monroe  township,  Randolph 
0.  Ind.,  at  Parker  Station  on  the  railroad  between  ^Vin- 
hoster  and  Muncie,  about  10  miles  E.  of  Muneie.  It  has 
:  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  257.  The 
lamo  of  its  post-office  is  Parker. 

Morristown,  a  post-village  in  Hanover  township, 
jhclby  CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Blue  River,  and  on  the  Cincinnati, 
lamilton  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  In- 
Ihinapolis.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  5  stores. 
;'op.  about  300. 

Morristown,  a  post-village  in  Morristown  township, 
;ice  CO.,  Minn.,  on  Cannon  River,  about  10  miles  W.S.W. 
f  Faribault.  It  has  4  or  5  stores,  3  churches,  2  flour- 
. ills,  and  2  saw-mills.  Pop.  in  1890,  517  ;  of  the  township, 
557.    Several  lakes  occur  on  the  border  of  the  township. 

Morristown,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  is 
n  Morris  township,  on  the  AVhippany  River,  and  on  the 
jjMorris  &  Esse.x  division  of  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  & 
pestern  Railroad,  50  miles  N.N.E.  of  Trenton,  about  20 
rmiles  S.W.  of  Paterson,  and  32  miles  by  railroad  W.  by  N. 
bf  New  Yorlc.    It  is  situated  on  a  table-land,  about  500  feet 

iibove  tide-wnter,  surrounded  by  picturesque  ranges  of  hills, 
mil  is  neatly  laid  out,  having  a  tine  public  square  or  park, 
m  which  stands  a  granite  monument  erected  in  honor 
)f  the  soldiers  who  fell  in  the  civil  war.  It  contains  a 
iourt-house,  9  churches,  a  graded  academy,  2  seminaries  for 
iulies,  a  classical  school,  2  national  banks,  a  public  library, 
n  orphans'  home,  5  hotels,  and  several  summer  boarding- 
louses.  The  city  is  lighted  with  gas,  and  is  supplied  with 
Tater  from  a  large  reservoir.  The  purity  of  the  air  and 
the  attractive  scenery  render  this  jjlaco  a  favorite  sum- 
;aer  resort.  Three  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 
ilorristown  is  the  site  of  a  new  state  lunatic  asylum,  about 
200  feet  in  length  (including  the  wings),  and  designed  to 
ccommodate  1000  patients.  This  city  has  manufactures 
i  carriages,  the  Speedwell  Iron-Works,  a  paper-mill,  ami 
ther  mills.  It  possesses  historical  interest  as  having  been 
ivice  the  headquarters  of  the  American  army  during  the 
^evolutionary  war.  The  house  occupied  by  General  Wash- 
ngton  is  still  standing,  and  has  been  purchased  for  the  State 
listorieal  Society.     Pop.  in  1880,  5418;  in  1890,  8156. 

Morristown,  a  post-village  in  Morristown  township, 
t.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  St.  Lawrence  River,  at  the 
\.  terminus  of  the  Morristown  &  Black  River  Railroad, 
bout  11  miles  S.W.  of  Ogdensburg.  It  is  opposite  to  Brock- 
ille,  Canada,  to  which  a  steam  ferry  runs.  It  has  several 
warehouses,  3  churches,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  a  planing- 
lill.  Pop.  about  350,  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
y  Black  Lake.     Pop.  1849. 

Morristown,  a  post-village  in  Union  township,  Bel- 
aont  CO.,  0.,  about  22  miles  W.  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va.,  and 

miles  N.  of  Belmont  Station  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
iailroad.  It  has  4  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  money- 
rder  post-office.     Pop.  423. 

Morristown,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hamblen  co., 
onn.,  is  on  the  left  or  S.  bank  of  the  Holston  River,  and 
n  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad,  at  its 
unction  with  the  Cincinnati,  Cumberland  Gap  <fc  Charleston 
jlailroad,  42  miles  E.N.E.  of  Knoxville.  It  has  a  bank,  a 
jigh  school,  a  female  institute,  5  churches,  2  newspaper 
fficcs,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  sash,  &o.    P.  (1890)  1999. 

Morristown,  a  small  post-village  in  Morristown  town- 
hip,  Lamoille  co.,  Vt.,  about  22  miles  N.  of  Montpelier. 
he  township  is  drained  by  the  Lamoille  River,  and  con- 
lins  also  a  larger  village,  named  Morrisville.  Pop.  of  the 
iwnship,  1897. 

Mor'ristown,  or  Lakevale,  a  seaport  of  Nova  Scotia, 
t).  of  Antigonish,  on  St.  George's  Bay,  near  the  Gulf  of  St. 
■awrence,  11  miles  N.  of  Antigonish.     Pop,  200. 

Mor'risville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  Mo.,  22  miles 
I.  of  Springfield.     It  has  a  church. 

Morrisville,  a  hamlet  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  4  miles 
•  yf  Uolmdel  Station.    It  has  2  stores.    Pop.  about  160. 


3Iorrisville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Madison  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Eaton  township,  about  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Syracuse, 
and  100  miles  W,  by  N,  of  Albany.  It  is  2  miles  W.  of 
Morrisville  Station  of  the  Midland  Railroad,  and  is  in  a 
deep,  narrow  valley.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  3 
churches,  a  union  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  tannery,  a 
carriage-shop,  a  national  bank,  and  a  foundry.  Hops  and 
dairy-products  are  the  chief  articles  of  export.     Pop,  741. 

Morrisville,  a  post-village  of  Wake  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
North  Carolina  Railroad,  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Raleigh,  It 
has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Morrisville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  0.,  about  44 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  39. 

fliorrisville,  a  post-borough  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Delaware  River,  opposite  Trenton,  30  miles  above  Philadel- 
phia. The  railroad  which  connects  these  cities  crosses  the 
river  here  on  a  bridge  1100  feet  long.  Robert  Morris  and 
the  French  Marshal  Moreau  resided  hero  for  several  years. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  pottery,  2  flouring-mills,  a  nursery,  a 
toy-factory,  &c.     Poj).  in  1890,  1203. 

Morrisville,  or  Dot'tysburg,  a  village  in  Franklin 
township,  Greene  co..  Pa.,  1  mile  from  Waynesburg.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  graded  school.  Coal  is  mined  here.  Pop. 
about  200. 

Morrisville,  a  post-village  in  Morristown  township, 
Lamoille  co.,  A''t.,  on  the  Lamoille  River,  and  on  the  Portland 
&  Ogdensburg  Railroad  (Vermont  division),  3  miles  S.  of 
Hj'de  Park,  and  about  22  miles  N.  of  Montpelier.  It  has 
4  churches,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  ofiice,  an  iron-foundry, 
a  flour-mill,  and  manufactures  of  chairs,  furniture,  &c. 

Morrisville,  a  post-village  of  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  about 
80  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  a  church  and  2 
stores.     Gold  is  found  near  it. 

Mor'ro,  a  post-village  of  San  Luis  Obispo  co.,  Cal.,  ou 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  about  12  miles  N.W.  of  San  Luis  Obispo. 
Butter  and  cheese  are  exported  hence  by  steamboats. 

Morro-de-Sao-Paulo,  moii'Ro-di,-sowN»-pSw'lo,  a 
village  of  Brazil,  on  the  N.  extremity  of  Tinhar6  Island, 
state  and  50  miles  S.W.  of  Bahia.  It  is  defended  by  a 
battery,  and  contains  a  church  and  a  primary  school. 

Morro-Grande,  moR'no-giSn'dd,  a  mountain-mnge 
of  Brazil,  which,  after  forming  part  of  the  boundary 
between  the  states  of  Goyaz  and  Minas-Geraes,  enters  the 
latter  and  becomes  the  base  of  the  chain  known  by  the 
name  of  P3'renees. 

Morro-Grande,  a  village  of  Brazil,  in  Minas-Geraes, 
15  miles  S.E.  of  Cahete.     Pop.  5000. 

Morrone,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Morone. 

Morrope,  moii^no-pi',  a  town  near  the  N.  extremity 
of  Peru,  on  the  Leche,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Pacific. 

MorVose'nian,  a  post-office  of  Robeson  co.,  N.C. 

Morrosquillo,  mor-ros-kecl'yo,  a  gulf  of  the  republio 
of  Colombia,  N.E.  of  the  Gulf  of  Darien. 

Mor'rOAV,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Ohio,  has 
an  area  of  about  432  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Vernon  River,  which  rises  in  it,  by  the  East  Branch  of  the 
AVhetstone  River,  and  by  Walnut  Creek.  The  surface  is 
undulating.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats, 
hay,  wool,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  The  sugar- 
mnple  abounds  in  its  forests,  which  cover  many  thousand 
acres.  This  county  has  quarries  of  sandstone  or  freestone. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  & 
St.  Louis  Railroad  and  the  Toledo  &  Ohio  Central  Railroad, 
the  former  of  which  connects  with  Mount  Gilead,  the  capi- 
tal.   Pop.  in  1870,  18,583;  in  1880, 19,072;  in  1890,  18,120. 

Morrow,  a  township  of  Adair  co..  Mo.     Pop.  877. 

Morrow,  a  post-village  in  Salem  township,  Warren  co,, 
0.,  on  the  Little  Miami  River,  and  on  the  Little  Miami  and 
Cincinnati  &  Muskingum  Valley  Railroads,  36  miles  N.E. 
of  Cincinnati,  and  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lebanon.  It  has  .^ 
churches,  a  bank,  a  tannery,  and  a  union  school.    Pop.  946. 

Morrow's,  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.C.     See  Pineville. 

Morrow  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clayton  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  Atlanta  division  of  the  Central  Railroad,  16  miles 
S.  of  Atlanta,     It  has  several  churches  and  4  stores. 

Mor'rowville,  a  post-oflice  of  Dallas  co.,  Ala. 

Morrowville,  a  post-office  of  Campbell  co.,  Tcnn. 

Mors,  moRs,  or  Morsoe,  moRs'o'eh,  almost  moRs'iih'- 
y§h,  an  island  of  Denmark,  Jutland,  in  the  Lym-Fiord. 
Length,  23  miles;  breadth,  11  miles.  Pop,  6000.  Princi- 
pal town,  Nykjobing,  on  its  E,  shore. 

Mors,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,    See  Mettrs. 

Morsburg,  moRs'boono,  or  Meersburg,  miRs'boSRO, 
a  town  of  Baden,  5  miles  E.N.E.  of  Constance.    Pop.  1681. 

Morsch,  moRsh,  a  village  of  Baden,  N.W,  of  Ettlingen. 
Pop.  2403. 

Morse,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  in  Graham  township, 


MUK 


1896 


MOS 


Johnson  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rnpids  A, 
Northern  Railroad,  22  luiloa  S.S.K.  of  Cedar  liaiiidii.  It 
baa  a  ohuroh. 

Morse*  a  post-offlco  of  Johnson  oo.,  Kansas. 

Morse*  a  post-oQico  of  Lincoln  co.,  Minn. 

Morsee*  tne  Qoruian  for  Morges,  in  Switzerland. 

Morse's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  JefTorson  oo..  Mo.,  about 
50  miles  S.  of  St.  Louis.     Here  is  a  grist-mill. 

Morncvillc,  Illinois.    See  Plum  IIivrr. 

Morscvillc,  morss'vll,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co..  Neb. 

Morshaiisk,  or  Morschansk*  raoR-sh&nsk',  a  town 
of  Russia,  government  and  56  miles  N.  of  Tambov,  on  the 
Zna.  Pop.  19,504,  partly  employed  in  manufactures  of 
Sttil-oloth,  paper,  chemicals,  lumber,  and  soap. 

Morstte,  an  island  of  Denmark.     See  Mors. 

Morss'ton  Depot*  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  60  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Middlctown.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of 
leather  and  lumber.  The  products  of  many  tanneries, 
dairies,  and  saw-mills  are  shipped  here. 

Mortagne,  monHln',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  arron- 
disiteiucnt  of  Valenciennes.     Pop.  1204. 

Mortagnc*  a  town  of  France,  in  Orne,  25  miles  E.  of 
Alen(on.  Pop.  4302.  It  stands  on  a  steep  hill,  has  remains 
of  old  ramparts,  and  a  Gothic  church  with  a  lofty  tower. 
!rhe  manufactures  comprise  linen  cloths,  canvas,  gloves, 
calicoes,  and  leather. 

Murtagnc-sur-Gironde*  moRHJlS'-silR-zheeV6xD', 
a  town  of  France,  in  Charente-Inf6rieuro,  arrondissement 
of  Saintes.     Pop.  1666. 

Mortagne-sur-S^rrc*  moRHin'-siiR-saiv'r,  a  town 
of  France,  in  Vendfie,  on  the  SDvre,  31  miles  N.E.  of  La 
Roche-sur-Yon,  with  mineral  springs.     Pop.  2080. 

Mortain,  moRHix"'  (L.  MoritoUum),  a  town  of  France, 
in  Manche,  34  miles  S.S.W.  of  Saint-Lo.     Pop.  2185. 

Mortara*  mon-ti'rA,  atown  of  Italy,  province  of  Pavia, 
on  the  Arbogna,  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Alessandria.  Pop. 
^408.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  noble  residences, 
public  schools,  barracks,  and  a  theatre,  but  is  nearly  de- 
serted on  account  of  the  miasma  from  its  rice-fields. 

Morteau*  moRHo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Doubs,  16 
miles  N.E.  of  Pontarlier.     Pop.  1946. 

Mortefontainc*  mont'f6N»'tAn',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Oise,  arrondissement  of  Scnlis.  Hero  the  treaty  of  peace 
between  France  and  the  United  States  was  signed  in  1800. 

Mor'tensburg,  a  hamlet  of  Union  co.,  Pa.,  at  Fair 
Ground  Station,  2  miles  W.  of  Lcwisburg. 

Morteso,  moR-t4'so,  Mortero,  moR-ti'ro,  or  Mor- 
ter,  moR-taiR',  an  island  in  the  Adriatic,  off  the  coast  of 
Palmatia,  28  miles  S.E.  of  Zara.  It  is  6  miles  long  and  2 
miles  brood.  On  it  is  a  village  of  the  same  name,  sup- 
posed to  occupy  the  site  of  the  ancient  Colentum. 

Mortes,  Rio  das,  Brazil.    See  Rio  das  Mortes. 

Mortier,  moR^e-i',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and 
9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Liege,  with  several  mills  and  a  trade  in 
grain.     Pop,  1220. 

Morticr,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Motir. 

Mortizzo*  moR-tit'so,  a  village  of  Italy,  Parmo,  6  miles 
N.E.  of  Piacenza,  on  the  Po.     Pop.  of  commune,  2630. 

Mortlacli*  mort'iiK,  a  parish  and  decayed  town  of  Scot- 
land, formerly  a  bishop's  see,  co.  and  29  miles  AV.S.W.  of 
Banff.  Within  the  parish  is  the  thriving  town  of  Dufftown, 
with  extensive  distilleries.     Total  pop.  3059. 

Mort'iake*  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  on  the 
Thames,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  London,  on  the  London  & 
Richmond  Railway.     Pop.  5119. 

Mort'lake*  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  8i  miles 
N.E.  of  Toronto.     Pop.  120. 

Mort'lock  Islands*  a  group  of  small  islands  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  N.  of  the  Solomon  Islands.  Lat.  4°  65'  S, ; 
Ion.  156°  10'  E.  There  is  another  group  of  this  name  in 
Micronesia,  about  lat.  6°  30'  N.,  Ion.  163°  E. 

Mor'ton*  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Lincoln,  2  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Gainsborough.     Pop.  681. 

Mor'ton*  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  North  Dakota. 
Area,  3168  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Missouri  River,  and  intersected  by  the  Cannonball  and 
Heart  Rivers.     Capital,  Mandan.     Pop  in  1890,  4728. 

Morton,  Cook  co.,  111.     See  Morton  Grove. 

Morton*  a  post-village  in  Morton  township,  Tazewell 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Illinois  Midland  Railroad,  at  its  junction 
■with  the  Chicago,  Pekin  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  12  miles 
P.N.E.  of  Pekin,  and  10  miles  S.E.  of  Peoria.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  carriage-shop,  and  a  bank. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1228. 

Morton*  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.*  about  36 
miles  N.E.  of  Terre  Haute. 


Morton,  a  township  of  Pago  oo.,  Iowa.    Pop.  382 

Morton*  a  post-office  of  Wapello  co.,  Iowa. 

Morton*  a  post-offlco  and  station  in  Cherokee  co.,  Kan, 
•as,  on  the  Missouri  It  Western  Railroad,  10  miles  W  o 
Columbus. 

Morton,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co.,  Miss.,  on  the  Vlck* 
burg  A  Meridian  Railroad,  34  miles  E.  of  Jackson.  It  hiu 
2  churches,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  tannery 

Morton,  a  jwst-hamlet  of  Ray  co.,  Mo.,  50  miles  E.  bi 
N.  of  Kansas  City.     It  has  2  churches. 

Morton,  a  township  of  Alamonce  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  79  J 

Morton,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  0. 

Morton,  a  post-village  in  Springlicld  township,  Dcia 
ware  co..  Pa.,  on  the  West  Chester  A  Philadelphia  ItHilmud 
9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a  church  and  sev 
oral  factories.     Pop.  in  1890,  822. 

Morton,  or  Wliite  Fish  Falls*  a  post-village  !i 
Leeds  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  Rideau  Canal,  29  miles  N.E.  ul 
Kingston.     Pop.  250. 

Morton  Grove*  a  post-hamlet  of  Cook  co..  III.,  on  tb( 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  about  12  mil 
N.  by  W.  of  Chicago. 

Morton  Grove*  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  W.  Ya. 

Morton's  Corners*  a  post-hamlet  of  Concord  town 
ship,  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  about  27  miles  S.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  I 
churches,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Morton's  Gap*  a  post-village  of  Hopkins  co.,  Ky.,  oi 
the  St.  Louis  Jb  Southeai<torn  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  MoJi< 
sonville.  It  has  a  church,  a  plough-factory,  and  about  71 
houses.     Rich  coal-mines  are  worked  here. 

Morton's  Harbor*  a  fishing  village  in  the  district  o( 
Twillingate  and  Fogo,  Newfoundland,  3  miles  from  Twillin 
gate.     Pop.  315. 

Morton's  Store*  a  post-office  of  Alamance  co..  N.C. 

Mor'tonsville*  a  hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.,  in  Dcci 
Creek  township.     Pop.  80. 

Mortonsville*  a  post-village  of  AYoodford  oo.,  Ky 
about  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lexington.  It  has  3  ehurchet 
and  an  academy. 

Mortonvilie*  New  York.    See  Vail's  Gate 

Mortonville*  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  tb( 
Wilmington  &  Reading  Railroad,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Coata» 
ville.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Mortree*  mouHri',  a  town  of  France,  in  Orne,  14  miloi 
N.  of  Alen^on.     Pop.  1416. 

MortscI*  moRt's^l  or  moRt^sil',  a  village  of  Belgian^ 
province  and  5  miles  S.S.E.  of  Antwerp. 

Mor'ty  Isle*  Malay  Archipelago,  is  off  the  N.E.  ex< 
tremity  of  Gilolo.  Lat.  2°  N.;  Ion.  128°  30' E.  Length 
60  miles;  breadth,  25  miles.  Chief  product,  sago.  Tb< 
Strait  op  Morty,  between  it  and  Gilolo,  is  30  miles  across 

Moruim*  a  town  of  Brazil.    See  Maroim. 

Morumbidgee*  Australia.    See  Mdrrumbidoek, 

Morutsi*  an  African  tribe.    See  Murutsi. 

Moruttn,  Ceylon.    See  Morotto. 

Moru'ya*  a  seaport  of  New  South  Wales,  at  the  montl 
of  Moruya  River,  150  miles  S.S.W.  of  Sydney,  in  lat  35* 
65'  S.  'The  port  is  open  to  the  N.E.  Silver,  quicksilver, 
and  lead  are  found  in  the  vicinity. 

Morvan*  laovC'vh'S'' ,  an  old  division  of  France,  in  th< 
Nivernais,  now  partitioned  among  the  departments  of 
NiSvre,  COte-d'Or,  and  SaOne-et-Loire. 

Mor^vee'*  or  Morvi,  mor^ee',  a  native  state  of  India 
in  Kattywar.  Area,  1062  square  miles.  Pop.  90,616.  Tb« 
town  of  Morvee  is  125  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Ahmedabad. 

Mor'ven*  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Aberdeen, 
7  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Ballater.     Elevation,  2700  feet. 

Morven,  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Caithness,  1( 
miles  N.  of  Helmdale.     Elevation,  3000  feet. 

Mor'ven*  a  post-hamlet  of  Brooks  co.,  Ga.,  13  miles  N< 
of  Quitman.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Morven*  a  post-township  of  Anson  co.,  N.C.   Pop.  1385, 

Morven*  a  post-hamlet  of  Amelia  co.,  Va.,  about  il 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Richmond. 

Mor'vin*  a  post-office  of  Clarke  co.,  Ala, 

Morzine*  moRd-zee'ni,  a  vill.age  of  France,  in  Saroy, 
12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Le  Biot,  on  the  Dranse.    Pop.  1779 

Mosa,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Meuse. 

Mos'alem*  a  township  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa.    P.  867, 

Mosalsk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Massalsk. 

Mosambiqne*  a  country  of  Africa.    See  MozAMniQCF. 

Mosbach*  mos'blK,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the  Elz,  32 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Mannheim.  Pop.  3097.  It  is  enclosed  b* 
walls,  and  has  a  high  school,  and  manufactures  of  porcelaisl 
and  paper. 

Moscha*  the  ancient  name  of  Muscat. 

Moscliaisk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  MoznAiSK 


MOS 


1897 


MOS 


Moschel,  or  Obcr  Moschel,  o'b?r  mosh'?!,  a  town 
Baviiria,  in  the  Palatinate,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Mentz. 
illoschcnitza,  nios-ki-nit'si,  a  villago  of  Austria,  on 

0  Gulf  of  Quarncro,  12  miles  SAY.  of  Fiumo.     P.  2037. 
Moschin,  mo-sheen',  a  town  of  Prussia,  government  of 
isen,  circle  of  Schrimm.     Pop.  1525. 
Moschtienitz,    or    Ober    Moschtienitz,    o'b^r 
)sh'tce-nit3,  a  village  of  Moravia,  circlo  and  17  miles  from 
erau.     Pop.  1160. 

i>Iosciaiia»  mo-shl'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Teramo.     Pop.  6323. 
Mosciska,  mos-tsocs'ki,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia, 
miles  E.  of  Przeraysl.     Pop.  3695. 

.Moscow,  mos'ko  (Russ.  Moskea,  mosk-vl';  L.  Mos'- 
n  or  Mos'chin;  Fr.  ilfoscoit,  mos^koo' ;  Ger.  Mos7can,vaos'- 
w),  a  city  of  Russia,  capital  of  the  government  of  its 
n  name,  and  formerly  of  the  whole  Russian  empire,  is 
uatod  on  the  Moskvii,  400  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Petersburg, 
th  which  it  is  connected  by  railway.  Lat.  55°  45'  21" 
;  Ion.  37°  34'  E.  The  site  of  the  city  has  an  uneven, 
dulating  surface;  the  most  remarkable  elevation  being 
e  hill  near  the  centre,  on  which  the  Kremlin  stands.  This 
11  is  nearly  of  a  triangular  shape,  and  is  surrounded  by 
immense  wall,  60  feet  high,  and  about  1  mile  in  circuit. 
,13  wall  is  flanked  by  embattled  towers,  and  gives  access, 
several  gates,  to  the  interior,  which  formed  the  original 
clcus  of  the  city.     Immediately  to  the  E.  of  the  Krcm- 

1  is  the  second  quarter,  the  Kitai  Gorod,  or  Chinese  City, 
iced  round  by  a  wall,  which  is  flanked  with  towers, 
ound  the  Kremlin,  as  centre,  two  large  circles  have  been 

^(iwn,  the  inner  one  with  a  radius  of  1  mile  and  the  outer 
ith  a  radius  of  1 J  miles  in  length.  The  circumference  of 
ch  circlo  consists  of  a  wide  belt  of  finely-planted  boule- 
rd.  Moscow  is  built  with  strange  irregularity.  The 
eets,  in  general,  are  uneven  and  tortuous;  numerous 
Itry  lanes  open  all  at  once  into  magnificent  squares,  and 
ig  rows  of  little  yellow  wooden  houses  abut  on  vast  colos- 
'.  structures.  The  Kremlin  seems  to  rise  out  of  the  water, 
;turesquely  adorned  with  turf  and  shrubs;  while  above 
snowy  wall  palaces  and  churches  rear  their  heads, 
)wned  with  cupolas  of  glittering  gold  and  silver.  Among 
!  most  interesting  and  important  buildings  is  the  old 
lace  of  the  czars,  consisting  of  four  stories,  which  dimin- 
in  ascending,  till  the  uppermost  contains  only  a  single 
in  and  is  surrounded  with  balconies;  the  lowest  floor 
itains  the  throne- and  audience-chambers;  the  highest 
3  formerly  the  residence  of  the  czarinas  and  their  chil- 
n ;  but  the  main  body  of  the  palace  was  so  much  in- 
I'od  by  the  French  that  its  place  has  been  supplied  by 
!  Bolchoi  Dvoretz,  or  Larger  Palace,  built  by  the  Era- 
or  Alexander, — an  immense  pile,  and  not  without  an 
posing  effect.  Other  important  structures  are  the  Maloi 
orctz,  or  Little  Palace,  built  by  the  Emperor  Nicholas, 
itaining  some  interesting  pictures,  and  a  collection  of  all 
!  works  that  have  been  written  concerning  Moscow,  in 
;nch,  Russian,  and  German ;  the  Sabernoi  Ploschad,  or 
;hedral  Square,  situated  on  the  summit  of  the  Krem- 
,  containing  the  cathedral  of  the  Assumption ;  and  two 
irches, — the  Arkhangelski  Sabor,  or  church  of  St.  Michael, 
I  the  Lady  of  the  Cave. 

ihe  cathedral  is  a  clumsy  building,  with  heavy  pillars, 

ich  support  five  cupolas,  and,  like  the  walls,  glittering 

h  gold  from  top  to  bottom,  the  golden  ground  covered 

r  with  grotesque    frescoes.     Immediately   behind    the 

jhcdral  is  the  House  of  the  Holy  Synod,  containing  the 

'r,  or  Holy  Oil,  used  in  the  baptism  of  children,  and  a 

•ary  remarkably  rich  in  rare  manuscripts.     The  church 

St.  Michael  is  a  sombre  building,  lighted  by  windows  so 

iinutive  as  to  do  little  more  than  make  darkness  visible. 

iiost  all  the  Russian  sovereigns  down  to  Peter  the  Great 

buried  hero;  their  figures  are  painted  in  fresco  round 

walls,  each  over  against  his  own  tomb.     Immediately 

iming  is  an  odd-looking  church,  with  walls  of  immense 

:knes3,  the  oldest  in  Moscow,  and  constantly  thronged 

^h  devotees.     The  church  of  the  Annunciation  is  paved 

I h  jasper,  agate,  and  carnelian.     AVithin  the  Kremlin 

*|  is  an  immense  pile  of  buildings,  lining  the  sides  of  a 

'  ngle,  one  side  being  occupied  by  the  senate  and  the 

'  er  two  by  the  treasury  and  arsenal.     The  upper  story 

'i  the  treasury  contains  the   crowns  of  the  early  czars, 

jinged  in    regular  succession,  several   thrones,  warlike 

yhies,  and  miscellaneous  curiosities.     The  arsenal  con- 

U8  100,000  stand  of  arms,  the  cannon  taken  from  the 

•;  nch  daring  their  disastrous  retreat,  and  numerous  other 

1'  itary  trophies.     Nearly  in  the  centre  of  the  buildings 

'  bo  Kremlin  is  the  Ivan  Veliki,  or  Tower  of  John  tlte 

'  at,  which  rises  to  the  height  of  209  feet,  and  is  sur- 

120 


mounted  by  a  gilded  dome,  on  which  the  cross  is  displayed 
above  the  crescent.  It  amply  rewards  the  toil  of  ascent  by 
the  magnificent  view  which  it  commands.  It  consists  of 
several  stories,  in  each  of  which  hangs  a  stupendous  bell, 
one  of  them  weighing  64  tons.  Another  bell,  nearly  trebling 
this  enormous  weight,  called  Czar  Kolokol,  stands  at  the 
bottom  of  the  tower,  on  a  pedestal  of  granite,  to  which  it 
was  raised  in  1S37  by  the  Emperor  Nicholas,  after  having 
remained  for  a  century  buried  on  the  spot  into  which  it  is 
said  to  have  fallen  when  the  tower  in  which  it  was  sus- 
pended was  burned.  Its  height  is  21,3  feet,  diameter  22.5 
feet,  and  least  thickness  3  inches.  A  huge  fragment  was 
broken  from  it  by  the  fall.  Immediately  to  the  E.  of  the 
Kremlin  stands,  in  the  Krasnoi  Ploschad,  or  Red  Place,  the 
cathedral  of  St.  B.isil,  with  20  towers  and  domes,  all  of 
diflerent  shapes  and  sizes  and  colored  over  with  the  most 
varied  hues.  The  architect  was  an  Italian,  and  so  pleased 
his  employer,  Ivan  the  Terrible,  that  the  savage  despot 
put  out  his  eyes,  in  order  that  he  might  never  be  able  to 
build  another  like  it. 

It  is  scarcely  possible  to  state  the  number  of  churches 
in  Moscow,  but  one  cannot  traverse  a  street  in  which 
clustering  domes  and  minarets  do  not  meet  the  eye.  The 
number  of  monasteries,  also,  is  very  great.  Those  most 
deserving  of  notice  are  the  Donskoi,  situated  near  the  S. 
barrier,  surrounded  with  ancient  walls,  and  containing 
within  its  enclosure  6  churches  and  chapels,  several  courts, 
and  dwellings  for  the  Archimandrite  and  monks;  the  Semi- 
nov'skoi,  at  the  S.E.  corner  of  the  wall,  near  where  the 
Moskva  leaves  it;  and  the  Devitohei  convent,  at  the  S.W, 
corner,  with  walls  flanked  by  16  towers.  Close  to  tliis  eon- 
vent  is  the  Devitchei-foll,  or  Maidens'  Field,  where  the 
emperors  on  their  coronation  entertain  their  subjects. 

Among  educational  establishments  the  only  one  deserving 
of  particular  notice  is  the  university,  established  by  the 
Empress  Catherine  in  1755.  It  consists  of  4  faculties,  and 
is  attended  by  about  900  students.  Its  scientific  collections 
are  tolerably  rich  in  anatomical  preparations.  In  connection 
with  it  are  a  gymnasium,  a  library,  an  observatory,  a  botanio 
garden,  <tc.  Among  the  benevolent  establishments  are  the 
Alexander  Hospital  and  St.  Catherine's  Hospital,  both  near 
the  N.  barrier,  another  hospital  of  St.  Catherine,  near 
the  N.E.  corner,  2  military  hospitals  in  the  E.,  a  widows' 
hospital  in  the  AV.,  and  St.  Paul's  Hospital  and  the  Galitzin 
Hospital  in  the  S.  Another  hospital,  the  Foundling,  sit- 
uated on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Moskva,  a  little  to  the  E.  of 
the  Kitai  Gorod,  has  acquired  more  celebrity  than  all  the 
rest.  The  number  actually  in  the  house,  or  supported  in 
some  way  or  other  by  the  institution,  is  upwards  of  25,000. 
Among  other  buildings  or  places  worthy  of  notice  are  the 
great  riding-school,  to  the  AV.  of  the  Kremlin,  supposed  to 
be  the  largest  building  in  the  world  unsupported  by  pil- 
lar or  prop  of  any  kind ;  the  principal  bazaar,  or  Gostinnoi 
Dvor,  a  colossal  building  of  three  stories,  where  wholesale 
merchants  to  the  number  of  more  than  100f>  regularly  carry 
on  their  trade ;  the  Riadi,  an  open  space  in  the  same  vicinity, 
occupied  by  narrow  streets  of  sliops ;  the  barracks,  along 
the  E.  side  of  the  inner  boulevard ;  and  the  race-course,  a 
large  oval,  elongated  N.  and  S.,  and  almost  touching  the  S. 
barrier.  The  number  of  open  and  planted  spaces  through- 
out the  city  is  very  groat. 

Manufactures  of  various  kinds  are  carried  on  to  a  great 
extent  within  the  city.  The  principal  establishments  are 
for  textile  fabrics,  chiefly  woollen,  cotton,  and  silk,  in  all 
of  which  much  steam-power  and  the  most  improved  ma- 
chinery are  employed.  The  other  principal  articles  are 
hats,  hardware,  leather,  chemical  products,  beer,  and  brandy. 
From  its  central  position,  Moscow  is  the  great  entrep6t  for 
the  internal  commerce  of  the  empire.  Great  facilities  for 
this  commerce  are  given  by  water  communication,  which 
extends  on  one  side  to  the  Baltic,  on  another  to  the  Cas- 
pian, and  on  a  third  to  the  Black  Sea,  and  by  the  important 
railways  which  centre  here.  In  winter  the  traflSc  over  the 
snow  in  sledges  is  enormous, 

Moscow,  for  administrative  purposes,  is  under  the  charge 
of  a  general  and  military  governor.  It  is  the  seat  of  im- 
portant civil  and  criminal  courts,  and  of  various  superin- 
tending boards  of  police,  manufactures,  trades,  <fec.,  and  has 
several  literary,  scientific,  and  other  societies.  The  foun- 
dation of  the  city  dates  from  1147.  Its  nucleus  was  the 
Kremlin,  which  at  first  formed  an  important  military  sta- 
tion. For  a  long  time  it  continued  to  be  a  dependency  on 
the  principality  of  Vladimeer,  and  in  1238,  when  Butou 
Khan  devastated  Russia,  it  was  sacked  and  burned.  In 
1293  it  was  again  sacked,  and  the  inhabitants  were  carried 
away  into  slavery  by  Khan  Nagai,  Dimitri,  surnamed 
Donskoi,  became  its  sole  master,  and  died  in  13S9,  after 


MOS 


1898 


MOS 


having  done  more  for  it«  prosperity  thKn  any  one  into  nlioso 
bands  it  had  previously  fullon.  From  this  time  its  pros- 
perity continued  to  advance,  though  not  without  repeated 
interruptions.  It  now  booarae  the  capital  of  Muscovy,  and 
Afterwards  of  the  whole  Russian  Empire,  but  was  deprived 
of  this  honor  in  1703,  when  St.  Petersburg  was  founded 
and  became  the  royal  residence.  It  still,  however,  possesses 
all  the  grandeur  and  many  of  the  other  features  of  a  capi- 
tal. Many  of  the  nobility  reside  in  it,  and  both  in  salu- 
brity and  in  central  position  it  possesses  advantages  which 
no  political  preference  can  over  confer  on  St.  I'ctorsburg. 
The  principal  event  in  the  history  of  Moscow  is  the  burn- 
ing of  it  in  1812  for  the  purpose  of  dislodging  the  French 
from  their  winter-quarters.  Pop.  in  1840,  349,008;  in 
1858,  336,370;  in  1871,  601,969;  in  1882,  750,867. 

Moscow,  one  of  the  most  important  and  ])()pulous  of 
the  governments  of  Russia,  mostly  between  lat.  54°  60' 
and  56°  40'  N.  and  Ion.  34°  60'  and  38°  60'  E.,  enclosed  by 
the  governments  of  Tver,  Vladimeor,  Riazan,  Toola,  Ka- 
looga,  and  Smolensk.  Area,  12,609  square  miles.  Pop. 
1,9I3,6'J9.  Its  surface  is  an  extended  plain  with  few  undu- 
lations; principal  rivers,  the  Kliasma,  Protwa,  and  Moskva 
(or  Moskwa),  affluents  of  the  Volga,  and  the  Oka.  Soil 
very  fertile,  but  the  corn  produced  is  insufficient  for  home 
consumption.  Cattle-  and  horse-breeding  are  actively  car- 
ried on.  The  manufactures  are  extensive  and  very  varied, 
embracing  woollen,  cotton,  and  silken  fabrics,  carpets,  gold- 
and  silver-wares,  paper,  Ac.  Next  to  Moscow,  the  principal 
towns  arc  Kolomna  and  Dmitrov.  * 

Moscow,  mSs'ko,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lamar  co.,  Ala., 
about  62  miles  N.N.W.  of  Tuscaloosa.     It  has  2  churches. 
Moscow,  a  station  in  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  North 
Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  78  miles  N.N.W.  of  San  Francisco. 
Moscow,  a  post-office  of  Nez  Pcrces  co.,  Idaho. 
Moscow,  a  post-office  of  Union  co..  III. 
Moscow,  a  post-village  of  Rush  co.,  Ind.,  on  Flat  Rock 
Creek,  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Indianapolis.     It  has  a  church,  a 
flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  stone-quarry. 

Moscow,  a  post-village  in  Moscow  township,  Muscatine 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  Cedar  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island 
A  Pacific  Railroad,  28  miles  W.  of  Davenport,  and  about  10 
miles  N.  of  Muscatine.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school, 
and  a  flouring-mill.  Pop.  346 ;  of  the  township,  794. 
Moscow,  a  post-office  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas. 
Moscow,  a  post-village  of  Hickman  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Mobile  A  Ohio  Railroad,  13  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Columbus,  and 
about  30  miles  S.  of  Cairo,  III.  It  has  a  grist-mill,  a  saw- 
mill, and  6  stores.     Pop.  350. 

Moscow,  a  township  of  Somerset  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  river  Kennebec,  30  miles  'W.N.W.  of  Norridge- 
wock.     Pop.  628. 

Moscow,  a  post-village  of  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.,  in  Mos- 
cow township,  about  12  miles  N.  of  Hillsdale,  and  55  miles 
S.  of  Lansing.  It  has  a  church,^  a  furnace,  a  steam  flour- 
mill,  and  a  union  school.  Pop.  nearly  300 ;  of  the  town- 
ship, 1183.  The  township  is  intersected  by  the  Detroit, 
Hillsdale  A  Southwestern  Railroad. 

Moscow,  a  post-township  of  Freeborn  co.,  Minn.  Pop. 
609.  Moscow  Post-Office  is  at  the  outlet  of  Rice  Lake,  7 
or  8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Austin,  and  nearly  2  miles  N.  of  the 
Southern  Minnesota  Railroad. 

Moscow,  a  post-hamlet  in  Gallatin  township.  Clay  co., 
Mo.,  9  or  10  miles  N.E.  of  Kansas  City.     It  has  a  church. 
Moscow,  a  post-office  of  Kemper  co.,  Miss. 
MoscOAV,  a  post-village  in  Leicester  township,  Livings- 
ton CO.,  N.Y.,  about  32  miles  S.S.W..  of  Rochester,  and  2 
miles  W.  of  Genesee  River.     It  has  3  churches.    Pop.  245. 
Moscow,  a  post-village  in  Washington  township,  Cler- 
mont CO.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  30  miles  above  Cin- 
cinnati, and  18  miles  S.  of  Batavia.     It  has  3  churches,  a 
banking-house,  a  brewery,   a  nursery,  and   a   flour-mill. 
Pop.  in  1890,  591. 

MoscOAV,  a  post-village  in  Miidison  township,  Lacka- 
wanna CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  A  Western 
Railroad,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Scranton.  It  has  3  churches,  2 
lumber-mills,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  500. 

Moscow,  a  hamlet  in  Hopkinton  township,  Washington 
CO.,  R.I.,  Ij  miles  from  Hope  Valley.  It  has  manufactures 
of  lumber  and  cotton. 

Moscow,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Tcnn.,  on  Wolf 
River,  and  on  ttie  Memphis  A  Charleston  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Somerville  Branch,  39  miles  E.  of  Memphis. 
It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Moscow,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co.,  Tex.,  35  miles  E. 
of  Trinity  Station,  and  about  120  miles  N.  of  Galveston. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  and 
manufactures  of  furniture  and  ploughs. 


MORCOW,  a  post-village  of  AugusU  co.,  Va.,  12  mil 
N.  of  SUunton.     It  has  3  churches. 

Moscow,  a  post-hamlet  in  Moscow  township,  Iowa 
Wis.,  about  36  miles  S.W.  of  Madison.     It  bus  a  chur 
and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  927. 

MoHCOW  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co..  Mo 

Moscow  Mills,  Morgan  co.,  0.    See  Ck.nti'ikviI  i.« 

Mosdok,  or  Mozdok,  mos-dok',  a  town  of  Rum 
government  of  Torek,  63  miles  E.S.E.  of  (ioorgicv»k  oi 
height  above  the  Terek.  It  is  strongly  fortincd  by  niitu 
being  accessible  only  on  two  sides,  and  has  been  strenu'l 
ened  by  art.  It  has  a  Roman  Catholic,  a  (Jroek,  nnd 
Armenian  church,  a  hospital,  a  merchant-house,  a  (im 
antine  establishment,  and  manufactures  ol  morocco  Icatl 
and  brandy.     Pop.  10,000. 

Mose,  mo'sA,  an  island  of  the  Asiatic  Archipelago 
of  Timor  Laut.  Lat.  6°  20'  S.;  Ion.  131°  30'  E.  It  ii 
miles  in  circuit. 

Moscirah,  an  island  of  Arabia.    See  Massera. 

Mosel,  a  river  of  Europe.    See  Moski.le. 

Mosel,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Mosul. 

Mo'sei,  or  Moselle,  mo'zdl',  a  post-township  of  .Si 
boygan  co..  Wis.,  on  Lake  Michigan.  Pop.  1093.  It  cc 
tains  Mosel  Station  on  the  Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore 
Western  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Sheboygan. 

Mos'elem  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  in  Richmond  ton 
ship,  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  2  miles  N.  of  Fleetwood  Station,  whi 
is  Hi  miles  N.E.  of  Reading. 

Moseley  (moz'le)  Hall,  post-office,  Madison  co.,  F: 

Moseley's  (moz'liz)  Bluif,  a  post-office  and  landi 
of  Union  parish.  La.,  on  the  Bayou  d'Arbonne,  24  mi 
N.W.  of  Monroe. 

Moselle,  mo^zSl'  (Ger.  Mo$el,  mo'z?l;  anc.  Motd'l 
a  river  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Europe,  rises  in  the  S.E.  of  ( i 
department  of  Vosges,  France,  passes  Remiremont,  Epin 
Toul,  Frouard,  Pont-i-Mousson,  Mctz,  and  Diedcnliofi, 
separates  Luxemburg  from  Rhenish  Prussia,  and  joins  1 1 
Rhine  on  the  left  of  Coblentz.  It  is  navigable  from  i 
confluence  with  the  Meurthe  near  Frouard.  Chief  nfflue  i 
in  France,  the  Meurthe  and  the  Seille  on  the  right,  ai  i 
in  Prussia,  the  Sarre  on  the  right  and  the  Sure  and  EU  i 
the  left.     Total  course,  tortuously  N.N.E.,  328  miles. 

Moselle,  France.     See  Meukthb-et-Moselle. 

Moselle,  mo-zdl'  (local  pron.  mo'z^l),  a  post-villngo 
Franklin  co..  Mo.,  in  Central  township,  on  the  Marani 
River,  and  on  the  Atlantic  A  Pacific  Rai'road,  49  mil 
AV.S. W.  of  St.  Louis.     It  has  a  furnace  for  pig-iron,  am  > 
tobacco-factory.     Lead  is  found  here. 

Moselle,  Wisconsin.    See  Mosel. 

Mo'selm,  a  post-village  of  Berks  co.,  P.a.,  in  Richmc  i 
township,  on  the  Berks  A  Lehigh  Railroad,  13  miles  N.N  , 
of  Reading.  It  has  2  churches,  an  iron-furnace,  and  * 
grist-mill.     Iron  ore  is  mined  here. 

Moserville,  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.    See  Mosserville. 

Mo'ses  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  W.  Va. 

Moses  Kill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  N. , 
on  the  Hudson  River,  5  miles  S.  of  Fort  Edward.  It  hat 
boat-yard  and  2  groceries. 

Moshaisk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Mozhaisk. 

Moshan'non,  or  Mushnn'non,  a  pust-hamlet 
Centre  co.,  Pa.,  on  Mushannon  Creek,  and  on  an  extcns  i 
of  the  Bellefonto  A  Snow  Shoo  Railroad,  42  miles  N. ' 
Altoona.     It  has  a  church. 

Moslinnnon,  a  station  in  Clearfield  co..  Pa.,  oni 
branch  of  the  Tyrone  A  Clearfield  Railroad,  3  miles  W.  ■ 
S.  of  Osceola.     Here  is  Sobieski  Post-Office. 

Moshas'snck  Valley,  a  village  of  Lincoln  townsh, 
Providence  co.,  R.I.,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Sayles  Blcachc 
Station.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  100. 

Mosheim,  moz'hIm,a  post-villageof  Greene  co.,  Ten, 
2  miles  from  Midway  Station.  It  has  3  churches,  the  M  ■ 
heim  Institute,  and  manufactures  of  leather,  flour,  ol 
lumber.  I 

Mo'sherville,  a  post-village  of  Hillsdale  co.,Mich.,^ 
the  Fort  Wayne,  Jackson  A  Saginaw  Railroad,  19  iiiip 
S.S.W.  of  Jackson.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  schooli 
flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Moshcrvillc,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.L 
about  33  miles  N.N.W.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  foundry  aS 
a  plough-factory. 

Mo'sherville,  or  Middle  Kennetcook,  a  po^ 
village  in  Hants  co..  Nova  Scotia,  6i  miles  from  Ncwpoi 
Moshkova,  a  town  of  Russia.  Sue  Mltsiikova. 
Mosierlowii,  mo'zh^r-tiiwn,  a  post-village  in  Cua, 
wago  township,  Crawford  co.,  I'a.,  about  10  miles  N.  by  J 
bf  Meadville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  and|i 
carriage-shop. 


MOS 


1809 


MOS 


Mosincc,  mo*ze-nce',  a  post-village  of  Marathon  co., 

Wis.,  in  Mosinec  township,  on  the  Wisconsin  River,  and  on 

the  Wisconsin  Valley  Railroad,   13  miles  below  Wausau, 

and  100  miles  N.W.  of  Fond  du  Lac.     It  has  a  tannery,  a 

lambor-mill,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township.  544. 

Itlosingj  mo'zing.  a  post-offico  of  Pocahontas  oc,  Vf.  Va. 

Moskau,  the  German  name  of  Moscow. 

MoskenaDSoe,  mos'k?h-nit)"o'§h,  the  southernmost  of 

the  Loffoden  Islands,  Norway.     Lat.  67°  50'  N.     Length, 

15  miles;  breadth,  8  miles.     Immediately  S.  of  it  is  the 

current  called  the  Maelstrom.     See  Loffoden. 

Moskonisi,  mos-ko-nce'see,  an  island  of  Asia  Minor, 
in  the  Gulf  of  Adramyti,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Mitylene. 
Length,  4i  miles.  It  is  mountainous,  and  has  on  its  S. 
EJcle'tlie  village  of  Mosko,  with  trade  in  fruit  and  cotton. 

Moskva,  mosk' vi,  or  Moskwa  ( Russ.  pron.  mosk-<^i'), 
a  river  of  Russia,  traverses  the  government  of  Moscow  from 
W.  to  E.,  passing  Moscow,  Mozhaisk  (Mojaisk),  and  Bron- 
nitza,  and  joins  the  Oka  at  Kolomna.  Total  course,  200 
miles.  The  battle  of  Borodino,  called  by  the  French  the 
battle  of  Moskva,  was  fought  on  the  Kolotza,  an  affluent  of 
the  Moskva,  Sept.  7,  1812.     See  Borodino  ;  also  Moscow. 

Mos'ley,  a  chapolry  of  England,  co.  of  Worcester,  with 
a  station  on  the  Bristol  &  Birmingham  Railway,  3  miles  S. 
of  Birmingham. 
illosley,  a  town  of  England.    See  Mossley. 
Mosoiicze,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Mossocz. 
Mosony,  the  Hungarian  name  of  Wieseldurg. 
Mosquerela,  mos-ki-ri'13.,  a  walled  town  of  Spain, 
in  Ariigon,  36  miles  E.N.B.  of  Teruel,  with  a  church. 
Mosquitia.    See  Mosquito  TERiiiTonY. 
Mosquito,  a  township  of  Christian  co.,  111.   Pop.  1270. 
Mosquito,  m^s-kee'to,  a  village  of  Newfoundland,  IJ 
miles  from  Harbor  Grace.     Pop.  348. 

Mosquito  (m^s-kee'to)  Creek,  Georgia,  enters  the 
Ocraulgce  Itiver  in  Pulaski  co. 

Mosquito  Creek,  Indiana,  enters  the  Ohio  in  Har- 
rison CO. 

Mosquito  Creek,  Iowa,  rises  in  Shelby  co.,  runs  in  a 
5.S.W.  direction  through  Pottawattamie  co.,  and  enters  the 
Missouri  about  13  miles  below  Omaha.  Length,  90  miles. 
Mosquito  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  in  Ashtabula  co.,  runs 
louthward  in  Trumbull  co.,  and  enters  the  Mahoning  River 
ibout  9  miles  above  Youngstown. 

>  Mosquito  (mos-kee'to)  Territory,  called  also  Mos- 
]uitin,  mos-kee'sho-a,  and  Mosquito  Coast,  a  region 
)f  Nicaragua,  occupying  the  N.E.  projection  of  Central 
i\mcrica,  between  lat.  11°  and  16°  N.  and  Ion.  83°  10'  and 
^rt°  W.,  and  bounded  N.  and  E.  by  the  Caribbean  Sea,  S. 
)y  Costa  Rica,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  river  San 
hian,  S.W.  by  Nicaragua,  and  W.  by  Honduras.  The  sur- 
acc  is  mountainous  in  the  AV.,  being  traversed  by  a  lofty 
liiiin  which  stretches  across  the  country  in  a  N.  direction 
nd  furnishes  the  sources  of  all  its  important  rivers.  The 
nrgest  of  these  rivers  are  the  Tinto  or  Wanx,  forming  the 
Kiundary  of  the  territory  on  the  N.,  and  the  Escondido  or 
•egovia.  The  soil  is  remarkably  fertile,  producing  in 
bundance  all  the  staples  of  the  West  Indies,  large  quan- 
ities  of  mahogany  and  other  cabinet  timber,  dye-woods, 
rugs,  itc.  The  climate  along  the  coasts  is  hot,  humid, 
nd  unhealthy ;  on  the  highlands  it  is  cool  and  salubrious. 
K^aluablo  minerals  are  said  to  abound  in  the  interior,  and 
long  the  coast  tortoise-shell  of  the  finest  quality  is  obtained. 
'he  .Mosquito  Indians,  almost  the  only  inhabitants,  are  an 
ctivc  and  daring  race,  tolerably  expert  in  the  use  of  fire- 
rms.  They  are  partly  of  African  descent,  are  said  to  be 
niler  a  chief  called  the  Mosquito  King,  and  are  nominally 
iibject  to  the  government  of  Nicaragua.  Chief  town, 
,!lueficlds. 

I  Moss,  moss,  a  seaport  town  of  Norway,  stift  of  Aggers- 
•uus,  on  a  fiord,  32  miles  S.  of  Christiania.     Pop.  3132. 
n  its  vicinity  are  extensive  iron-mines. 
iMossalsk,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Massalsk. 
I  Mossaniedes,  mos-s3,-mi'd5s,  a  district  of  the  Portu- 
juese  colony  of  Angola,  "West  Africa,  with  a  well-built  town 
ind  a  fine  harbor,  170  miles  S.  of  Benguela. 
I  Moss  Bank,  a  station  in  Vermilion  co.,  111.,  on  the 
I  arig  ifc  Danville  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Indianapolis, 
loomington  &  Western  Railroad,  1  mile  S.W.  of  Danville. 
Moss  Bluff,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Fla.,  about  60 
[iilcs  S.S.E.  of  Gainesville. 

1  Moss  Blutr,  a  post-office  of  Liberty  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
rinity  River,  12  miles  below  Liberty.  Hero  is  a  steam- 
[>at-landing. 
Mos'sel  Bay,  or  Aliwal  (ai-e-wll')  South,  a  town 
id  port  of  Capo  Colony,  Africa,  on  Mossel  Bay,  25  miles 
"'.  of  Georgetown.     Pop.  1361. 


Moss^end',  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Lanark,  10 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Glasgow.  It  has  iron-works  and  coal- 
mines.    Pop.  1501. 

Slos'serville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  in 
Lynn  township,  1  mile  from  New  Tripoli  Station,  which  ia 
31  miles  N.  of  Reading. 

Mosset,  mos*s4',  a  town  of  France,  in  Pyrfinecs-Orien- 
tales,  5  miles  N.N.W.  of  Prades.     Pop.  1208. 

Mossing:en,  mos'sing-?n,  a  town  of  AViirtemberg, 
Black  Forest,  on  the  Steinlach,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Reutlingen. 
Pop.  2659,  or,  including  Belsen,  3659. 

Jrlos'singford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Charlotte  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  84  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Richmond.     It  has  a  church. 

Mosskirch,  moss'kliiK,  a  town  of  Baden,  24  miles  N. 
of  Constance.  Pop.  2134.  Here  the  French,  under  Mo- 
reau,  defeated  the  Austrians,  under  Kray,  May  5,  1800. 

Mosskirch,  a  market-town  of  Styria,  10  miles  S.W.  of 
Griitz. 

Moss'ley,  or  Mos'ley,  a  town  of  England,  cos.  of 
Lancaster,  Chester,  and  York,  3  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Old- 
ham.    It  has  cotton-mills.     Pop.  (1891)  14,162. 

Mossley,  a  chapelry  of  England.    See  Mosley. 

Moss  Neck,  a  post-office  of  Robeson  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Carolina  Central  Railroad,  76  miles  W.N.W.  of  Wilmington. 

Moss  Neck,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caroline  co.,  Va.,  near 
the  Rappahannock,  and  8  miles  N.E,  of  Guiney's  Station. 

Mossocz,  mosh'shots',  or  Mosoncze,  mo'shont'si\ 
a  town  of  Hungary,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Neusohl.     Pop.  1702. 

Mosso  Santa  Maria,  mos'so  sin'ti  mi-ree'a,  a  vil- 
lage of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Biella. 

Mossoul,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Mosul. 

Moss  Point,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Miss.,  ou 
the  Pascagoula  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Escatawpa,  4 
miles  N.  of  Scranton.  It  has  3  churches,  15  large  steam 
saw-mills,  3  planing-mills,  a  foundry,  lath-  and  shingle- 
mills,  a  tannery,  and  a  shoe-factory. 

Moss  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  0.,  4  miles 
E.  of  Caywood  Station,  which  is  7  miles  N.E.  of  Marietta. 
It  has  a  church  and  several  coal-banks. 

Moss  Side,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Lancaster,  1  milo 
S.  of  Manchester,  of  which  it  is  a  suburb.     Pop.  5311. 

Moss  Side,  a  post-offico  of  Marengo  co.,  Ala. 

Moss  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Davis  co.,  Kansas. 

Moss'vilie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Peoria  co..  111.,  on  Peoria 
Lake,  and  on  the  Peoria  Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Rock 
Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Peoria.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Mos'sy  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Tenn., 
is  near  the  llolston  River,  and  on  the  East  Tennessee,  Vir- 
ginia &  Georgia  Railroad,  29  miles  E.N.E.  of  Knoxville. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  Baptist  college,  a  female  institute,  a 
cotton-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Mossy  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Augusta  co.,  Va., 
about  18  miles  N.  of  Staunton.     It  has  a  church. 

Mossy  Uock,  a  post-office  of  Lewis  co.,  Washington. 

Mostaganem,  mos-ti-gi-nJm',  a  town  of  Algeria, 
province  and  47i  miles  E.N.E.  of  Oran,  about  li  miles 
from  the  Mediterranean.  It  possesses  strong  military  works 
and  am])le  accommodation  for  troops.  It  has  manufactures 
of  carpets,  coverlets,  woollen  cloaks,  and  jewelry,  and  a 
considerable  trade  with  the  interior.     Pop.  6818. 

Mostar^  mosHar'  ("old  bridge"),  a  walled  city,  the 
chief  town  of  Herzegovina,  on  the  Narenta.  Lat.  43°  24' 
N. ;  Ion.  17°  68'  E.  Pop.  7300.  Mostar  is  celebrated  for 
its  old  Roman  bridge,  a  single  arch  of  95  feet  span.  Tho 
houses  are  mostly  of  stone,  roofed  with  slabs.  Chief  ex- 
ports, hides,  wool,  fruit,  wax,  tallow,  and  cattle. 

Mostardas,  nios-tau'dS.s,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  50  miles  S.S.E.  of  Porto  Alegre,  with 
a  church.     Pop.  3000. 

Mostoles,  mos-to'lfis,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile, 
10  miles  S.W.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  1321. 

Mostrim,  a  town  of  Ireland.    See  Edgewoiithstown. 

Mos'tyn,  a  village  of  North  Wales,  co.  of  Flint,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Dee,  about  4i  miles  N.W.  of  Holywell,  with 
a  station  on  the  Chester  &  Holyhead  Railway.  Pop.  2022. 
Steamers  ply  hence  to  Liverpool. 

Mosul,  Mosel,  mo'stil  or  moo'sul,  or  El  Mosul, 
written  also  Mousul,  Mousel,  and  Mossoul,  a  large 
town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  capital  of  a  vilayet  of  the  same 
name,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Tigris,  220  miles  N.W.  of 
Bagdad.  Its  principal  ornaments  are  a  college,  the  tomb 
of  Sheik  Abdul  Kassin,  and  the  remains  of  a  beautiful 
mosque,  with  a  fine  minaret.  The  coffee-houses,  baths, 
khans,  and  bazaars  are  also  handsome  buildings,  and  in 
point  of  trade  it  is  chiefly  a  thoroughfare  for  the  traffio 


MOS 


1000 


MOU 


iMttrccn  Bagdad,  Syria,  and  Constantinople.  It  has,  hoir- 
•rer,  oonaiderable  oommorcial  intoroaurse  with  the  interior 
of  Koordistan.  Its  principal  roiinuliioturoa  are  nankins 
and  other  cotton  rtuffs,  such  as  chintz  shawls  fur  turbans, 
and  oaliooes,  and  it  was  formerly  celebrated  also  for  its  mut- 
ItMt  (which  word  is  derived  from  Mohul).  The  climate  is 
«xtromelj  hot  in  summer,  and  the  winters  are  inild.  In 
the  vicinity  are  several  warm  sulphur  springs,  also  some 
•xteniive  quarries  of  marble,  and  near  by,  on  the  E.  banlc 
of  the  river,  are  the  remains  of  ancient  Nineveh.  The  city 
lias  boon  repeatedly  devastated  by  famine  and  plague.  Pop. 
estimated  at  40,000. 

Mosul,  Moselt  or  El  Mosul,  a  district  or  sanjak  in 
the  vilayet  of  I3agdad,  Asiatic  Turlcoy,  comprising  the  most 
part  of  Turlcish  Koordistan,  between  lat.  33°  30'  and  38° 
jr.,  and  from  Ion.  42°  eastward  to  the  border  of  Persia, 
having  on  other  sides  the  poshalics  of  Van,  Diarbekir,  nnd 
Bagdad.  Surface  mountainous,  especially  in  the  N.  and  E. 
Principal  rivers,  the  Tigris,  and  it«  affluents,  the  Great  and 
Little  Zab,  and  the  Khaboor.  Besides  Mosul,  the  capital, 
It  comprises  the  town  of  Arbil  (Arbela)  and  the  ruined  Al- 
Uadhr.     Pop.  145,291. 

Mosnila,  nio-sJU'li,  a  town  of  Persia,  province  of  Ghi- 
lan,  35  miles  W.  of  Ileshd.     Pop.  2000. 

Mosiir,  a  town  of  llussian  Poland.     See  Mozvn. 

Moszlavina,  moss-li-vee'nil,  a  village  of  Slavonia,  co. 
of  Veroc7.,  on  the  Drave,  about  20  miles  from  Siklos. 

Motadel  Cuervo,  mo'tidfil  kw4a'vo,  atownof  Spain, 

Province  and  48  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cuonca,  on  the  road  from 
ladrid  to  Valencia.     Pop.  3529. 

Mota  del  Marques,  mo't&  d61  nian'kds,  a  village  of 
Spain,  in  Leon,  27  miles  W.  of  Valladolid.     Pop.  1817. 

Motagua,  mo-t&'gwil,  a  river  of  Guatemala  and  Hon- 
duras, rises  near  Quezaltenango,  and  enters  the  Bay  of  Hon- 
duras, 15  miles  W.  of  Omoa.  In  its  upper  part  it  has  nu- 
merous rapids  and  cataracts. 

Motala,  mo-tl'li,  a  town  of  Sweden,  Iten  and  23  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Linkoping,  at  the  influx  of  the  Motala  lliver 
into  Lake  Wetter.     It  has  a  good  harbor. 

Mo'teeha'ree,  or  Motihari,  mo-tce-hi'roc,  a  town 
of  India,  capital  of  the  Chumparun  district,  lat.  26°  39' 
46"  N.,  Ion.  84°  57.5'  E.,  on  a  lake  of  the  same  name.  It 
has  a  jail,  an  indigo-factory,  a  dispensary,  <feo.     Pop.  826{). 

3Ioth'cr  and  Daughters,  or  Stap'pen,  a  group 
of  islets  of  Norway,  not  far  from  the  North  Cape,  and  off 
the  N.AV.  coast  of  tlie  island  of  Mageroe.  Thoy  consist  of 
a  central  island,  rising  precipitously  to  a  great  height,  nnd 
three  others,  also  precipitous. 

Moth'erbank,  off  the  S.  coast  of  England,  co.  of 
Hants,  is  a  shoal  between  the  mainland  and  the  Isle  of 
Wight,  forming  the  N.W.  boundary  of  Spithead. 

Moth'erwell,  a  borough  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Lanark, 
at  a  railway  junction,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Glasgow.  It  has 
extensive  iron-works  and  coal-mines.     Pop.  6043. 

Motherwell,  milTH'§r-w61,  a  post-village  in  Perth  co., 
Ontario,  6  miles  N.N.W.  of  St.  Mary's.     I'op.  100. 

Mothe  Saint-H6ray,  La,  li  mot  siix»-hi'r4',  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  department  of  l)eux-Sevres,  on  the  Siivre- 
JSMortaise,  17  miles  E.N.E.  of  Niort.     Pop.  1932. 

Motier,  mo'teer  or  mo-teer',  a  post-hamlet  of  Pendle- 
ton CO.,  Ky.,  near  the  Ohio  River,  about  26  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Covington. 

Moticrs  Travers,  moHe-i'  trlVain',  a  village  of 
"Switzerland,  canton  and  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Neufchatcl, 
inhabited  by  watch-  and  lace-makers.     Pop.  1190. 

Motihari,  India.    See  MoTRBHAnnE. 

Motilla  del  Falancan,  mo-tcel'yi  dJI  pi-lin-kiln', 
a  town  of  Spain,  39  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cuenca.     Pop.  2556. 

Motir,  mo-teer',  or  Mortier,  mor-teer',  a  small  fertile 
island  of  the  Moluccas,  Malay  Archipelago,  S.  of  Tidor. 

Mot'ley,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  of  Te.\as,  traversed  by 
«ome  of  the  head-streams  of  the  lied  River.  Area,  1080 
square  miles.     Pop.  in  1890,  139. 

Motley,  a  post-office  of  Morrison  co.,  Minn.,  on  Crow 
Wing  River,  and  on  the  North  Pacific  Railroad,  137  miles 
W.  of  Duluth. 

Motley's  Depot,  a  post-office  of  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Midland  Railroad,  32  miles  S.  of  Lynchburg. 

Motola,  mo'to-li,  or  Mottola,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Lecce,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Taranto.     Pop.  5765. 

Motougou,  Feejee  Islands.    See  Matookoo. 

Motrico,  mo-tree'ko,  a  town  of  Spain,  Guipuzcoa,  near 
the  Mediterranean,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Bilbao.     Pop.  2171. 

Motril,  mo-treel',  a  city  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  j)rov- 
ince  and  33  miles  S.S.E.  of  Granada,  about  1  mile  from 
the  Mediterranean.  Lat.  36°  45'  N.;  Ion.  3°  34'  W.  It  is 
Irregularly  built,  has  a  town  house,  granary,  and  collegiate 


ohuroh,  all  in  the  great  square,  also  barracks,  a  nunnoi 
with  a  pretty  church,  several  suppressed  convents  wh« 
ohurohes  are  used  as  chapels  of  ease,  and  various  school 
By  the  port  of  Motril  is  generally  understood  that  of  Cnli 
honda,  distant  2  leagues,  and  the  roada  of  Daradcro  whe 
vessels  under  600  tons  load  and  unload,  and  which  are  di 
fended  by  a  castle.  Motril  is  the  depot  for  the  exports  nii 
imports  of  the  provinces  of  Granada  and  Jacn.  'Iho  chi« 
exports  are  oil,  flgs,  raisins,  oranges,  wine,  brandy,  oork 
esparto,  lead,  antimony,  dye-wood,  Ac.  There  are  munt 
factures  of  sugar,  soap,  pottery,  coarse  cottons,  flour  an 
oil.     Pop.  10,858.  ' 

Mott,  a  hamlet  of  Angelina  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Angelii 
River,  about  16  miles  N.W.  of  Jasper.  It  has  a  ohuroh 
sugar-mills,  and  a  steam  grist-mill. 

Motta  Carnastra,  mot't&  kaR-n&8'tr&,  a  town  o 
Sicily,  province  and  36  miles  S.W.  of  Messina,  near  tl 
N.E.  side  of  Mount  Etna.     Pop.  1960. 

Motta-de-Conti,  mot'tft-di-kon'tee,  a  village  o 
Italy,  9  miles  from  VcrcoUi.     Pop.  1479. 

Motta  del  Friuli,  mot't&  di\  freo'oo-le,  a  town  < 
Itivly,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Treviso,  on  the  Livenza.  Pop.  667 

Mottaferno,  motHd-ffiR'no,  a  town  of  Sicily,  Mewim 
4  miles  N.W.  of  Mistretta.     Pop.  2310. 

Motta  San  Giovanni,  mot't.l  »hn  jo-vjln'nco,a  tow 
of  Italy,  7  miles  S.E.  of  l^cggio.     Poii.  3323. 

Motta  Santa  Anastasia,  mot'tii  aia'ti. il-n&s-t&'se-i 
a  town  of  Sicily,  6  miles  W.N.W.  of  Catjinia.     Pop.  2869 

Motta  Santa  Lucia,  mot'ti  sin't\  loo-chee'ii,  a  tow 
of  Italy,  in  Catanzaro,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Nicastro.    1».  103 

Motta  Visconti,  mot'ti  vis-kon'tee,  a  town  of  Ital' 
province  and  N.W.  of  Pavia,  near  the  Ticino.     Pop.  23l" 

Motte,  La,  a  town  of  France.    See  La  Mottb. 

Motter's,  a  post-office  of  Frederick  co.,  Md. 

Motte  Servollex,  mott  sfiaVolMA',  a  village  of  Save; 
4  miles  N.W.  of  Chauib6ry.     Pop.  584. 

Motte  Saint- Jean.    See  La  Motte  Saixt-Jeax. 

Mott  Ha'vcn,  a  village  of  New  York  co.,  N.Y.,  on  tl 
E.  bank  of  the  Harlem  River,  and  on  the  New  York 
Harlem  Railroad,  5  miles  from  the  Grand  Central  Depot  i 
New  York.     It  has  several  churches  and  manufactures  c 
iron  and  steel. 

Mottling,  mott'ling  (L.  Metuhtm),  a  town  of  Auttrii 
in  Carniola,  on  the  Kulpa,  13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ncustiidtl. 

Mottola,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Motola. 

Mot'tram-in-Long'dcn-Dnlc,  a  village  of  Enj 
land,  CO.  of  Chester,  10  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Manchester.  . 
consists  of  a  long  and  well-paved  street,  with  houses  gene 
ally  of  stone  or  slated,  a  grammar-  and  other  school 
print-works,  and  several  large  cotton-factories.    Pop.  259 

Mott's,  a  township  of  Clarendon  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  600. 

Mott's  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarendon  co.,  S.C 
11  miles  S.AV.  of  Effingham  Stiition.    It  has  iron-works.  4 

Mott's  Cor'ners,a  post-village  in  Caroline  townsbij 
Tompkins  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Six  Mile  Creek,  and  on  the  railroa 
whicn  connects  Ithaca  with  Elmira,  about  6  miles  S.E.  c 
Ithaca.  It  has  2  flouring-mills,  2  churches,  a  tannery,  as 
a  woollen-mill. 

Mott's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Lee  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  rai 
road  between  Opelika  and  Columbus,  14  miles  W.N.W.  o 
Columbus,  Ga. 

Mott'ville,  a  post- village  in  Mottville  township,  S 
Joseph  CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  St.  Joseph  River,  about  40  tnili 
S.  of  Kalamazoo,  and  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Elkhart,  In( 
It  has  2  churches  nnd  a  manufactory  of  gloves.  The  towi 
ship  is  traversed  by  the  Lake  Shore  <fc  Michigan  Souther 
Railroad.     Pop.  of  the  township,  724. 

Mottville,  a  post-village  in  Skancatclcs  townshi] 
Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  outlet  of  Skaneatelcs  Lake,  an 
on  the  Skaneatelcs  Railroad,  24  miles  from  Sknneatolc 
and  about  7  miles  E.N.E.  of  Auburn.  It  has  2  churches, 
machine-shop,  a  foundry,  and  a  woollen-factory.   Pop.  Mi 

Motuca,  or  Motyca,  Italy.    See  Modica. 

Motnpe,  mo-too'pA,  a  town  of  Peru,  province  of  Lam 
bayeque,  33  miles  N.  of  Jayanca.     Pop.  4000. 

Motupilly,  a  town  of  India.    See  Mootapillt. 

Mouab,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  Mooad. 

Moudania,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Moodasia 

Moudon,mooMAN'<>'  (Ger.  jV/iWoi,  mil'd^n  ;  anc.  Mm 
dunum),  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Vaud,  14  mile 
N.N.E.  of  Lausanne. 

Moukden,  a  city  of  China.    See  Mookde.v. 

Moukden,  a  province  of  China.    See  Leao-Toxo. 

Moulaming,  Burmah.     See  Maulmai.v.  i 

Moule,  Le,  l^h  mool,  a  town  of  the  French  colony^ 
Guadeloupe,  with  a  port  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Grande-Tem| 
Pop.  10,021. 


MOU 


1901 


MOU 


Moulinette,  Stormont  co.,  Ontario.  See  Mille  Roches. 

Moulius,  inooMdN-o',  a  town  of  France,  capital  of  the 
department  of  Allier,  on  the  Allier,  178  miles  by  rail  S.  of 
Paris.  Pop-  21,122.  It  has  2  large  squares  adorned  with 
handsome  fountains.  Principal  public  buildings,  the  ca- 
thedral, never  completed,  a  modern  town  hall,  court-house, 
national  college,  2  large  hospitals,  an  old  castle,  a  small 
theatre,  a  public  library,  picture-gallery,  public  baths,  and 
"ar^e  cavalry  barracks.  In  the  suburbs  along  the  river  are 
\TeU-planted  walks.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  the  seat  of 
I  tribunal  of  commerce,  a  chamber  of  manufactures,  and 
;ocictics  of  natural  history  and  fine  arts.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  cutlery,  silk,  leather,  and  cotton,  glass-polishing- 
ivorks,  and  a  brisk  trade  in  grain,  wine,  raw  silk,  timber, 
ind  live-stock.  It  owes  its  name  (which  signifies  "  mills") 
:o  the  great  number  of  watermills  formerly  on  the  Allier. 
Marshal  Villars  and  the  Duke  of  Berwick,  natural  son  of 
James  II.,  were  born  here. 

Moulins,  Franco.    See  Les  Mouluts. 

Moulius  Engilbert,  moo'ldN"'  6N»^zheorbaiR',  a  town 
)f  France,  in  Nievre,  on  the  Moulins,  30  miles  E.  of  Nevers. 
[t  has  manufactures  of  hats,  earthenware,  and  leather. 
?op.  of  commune,  2978. 

Moulinein,  or  Slouimain.    See  Maulmaix. 

Moultan,  a  city  of  India.     See  Mooltan. 

Moulton,  mol'tgn,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lawrence 
',0.,  Ala.,  about  33  miles  S.E.  of  Florence,  and  22  miles 
iV.S.W.  of  Decatur.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  newspaper 
itfice,  and  3  churches. 

Moulton,  a  former  village  of  Shelby  co.,  III.,  on  the 
ndianapolis  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad,  1  mile  W.  of  Shelby  ville. 
'op.  106.  It  is  now  a  part  of  Shelbyville. 
j  Moulton,  a  post-village  of  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Burlington  &  Southwestern  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
jit  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern  Railroad,  33  miles  S.W. 
iif  Ottumwa,  and  100  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Burlington.  It 
|s  mostly  in  Washington  township.  It  has  a  newspaper 
'■ffice,  2  banks,  a  normal  and  high  school,  3  churches,  and 
aanufactures  of  flour,  woollen  goods,  <fcc.     Pop.  753. 

Moulton,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co..  Mo. 

Moulton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Moulton  township,  Auglaize 
0.,  0.,  about  IS  miles  S.W.  of  Lima,  and  2  miles  from 
loulton  Station.  The  township,  which  is  drained  by  the 
iLuglaize  River,  is  4  miles  W.  of  Wapakoneta.  It  has  3 
[hurches  and  a  pop.  of  1252.  Moulton  Station  on  the  Lake 
"Ino  <fc  Louisville  Railroad  is  4  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Mary's. 

Moultou,  a  post-village  of  Lavaca  co.,  Tex.,  8  miles 
.W.  of  Flatonia.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  steam  mill. 

Moultonborough,  mol't^n-biir-ruh,  a  post-village 
f  Carroll  co.,  N.II.,  in  Moultonborough  township,  about 
i2  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Concord.  It  has  a  church,  and  man- 
[factures  of  lumber.     The  township  is  bounded  on  the  S. 

!y  Winnepesaukee  Lake,  and  on  the  W.  by  Squam  Lake, 
t  presents  beautiful  scenery.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1299. 
Moultonville,  mol't9n-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll 
tX,  N.H.,  5  miles  N.AV.  of  Ossipee,  and  1  mile  W.  of  the 

ortsmouth,  Great  Falls  &  Conway  Railroad.  It  has  a 
liurch  and  a  saw-mill. 

r  Moultrie )  mol'tree,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part 
If  Illinois,  has  an  area  of  about  340  square  miles.  It  is 
[•aversed  in  the  S.  part  by  the  Kaskaskia  River.    The  sur- 

tce  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with 

rairies  and  tracts  of  timber.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian 
,  jrn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This 
punty  is  intersected  by  the  Wabash  Railroad,  the  Terre 
jlaute  &  Peoria  Railroad,  the  Chicago  &  Eastern  Illinois 

.ailroad,  and  the  Peoria,  Decatur  &  Evansville  Railroad. 

apital,  Sullivan.     Pop.  in  1880,  13,699;  in  1890,  14,481. 

Moultrie,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Colquitt  co.,  Ga.,  on 

le  Ocopilco,  near  its  source,  46  miles  S.S.E.  of  Albany. 

Moultrie,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Columbiana  co., 

.,  on  the  Cleveland  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  66  miles  S.S.E. 

'  Cleveland. 

Moultrieville,  mol'trce-vll,  a  post-village  of  Charles- 

n  CO.,  S.C,  is  on  Charleston  harbor,  about  8  miles  E.S.E. 

Charleston,  and  2  miles  from  Fort  Sumter. 

Mouna  Roa,  Hawaii.     See  Mauna  Loa. 

Mound,  a  township  of  Effingham  co.,  111.     Pop.  1211. 

contains  Gilmore. 

Mound,  a  township  of  McDonough  co..  111.    Pop.  1350. 

Mound,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  394. 

Mound,  a  township  of  McPherson  co.,  Kansas.    P.  267. 

Mound,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  551. 

Mound,  a  post-office  of  Phillips  co.,  Kansas. 

Mound,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Madison  parish, 

1-,  on  the  Vicksburg,  Shreveport  &  Texas  Railroad,  6 

lies  ^V^  of  Delta, 


Mound,  a  station  of  Franklin. co.,  0.,  on  the  Columbus 
&  Indianapolis  Railroad,  7i  miles  W.  of  Columbus. 

Mound  City,  a  post-village  of  Crittenden  co.,  Ark.,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  about  7  miles  above  Memphis.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  400. 

Mound  City,  California.    See  Mound  Station. 

Mound  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pulaski  co., 
111.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  on  the  Cairo  &  Vincenncs  Rail- 
road, and  on  the  Mound  City  Railroad  (which  connects  it 
with  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  at  Junction),  6  or  7  miles 
above  Cairo.  It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  a  graded  school, 
5  churches,  2  barrel-factories,  and  a  boat-building  estab- 
lishment. Hero  was  lately  the  United  States  River  Navy- 
Yard.     Pop.  ]  631. 

Mound  City,  a  station  in  Warren  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Indianapolis,  Bloomington  &  Western  Railroad,  2  miles  W. 
of  Covington. 

Mound  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Linn  co.,  Kan- 
sas, in  Mound  City  township,  about  22  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Fort  Scott,  and  65  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lawrence.  It  has  6 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  and  manufac- 
tures of  cheese  and  furniture.     P.  635;  of  township,  1323. 

Mound  City,  a  post-office  of  Hennepin  co.,  Minn. 

Mound  City,  a  post-village  of  Holt  co..  Mo.,  about  38 
miles  N.N.W.  of  St.  Joseph,  and  3  or  4  miles  N.E.  of  Bige- 
low  Station.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  church,  a  medi- 
cinal spring,  a  bathing-house  and  hotel.    Pop.  (1890)  1193. 

Mound  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Miami  co.,  Kansas. 

Mound  House,  a  station  on  the  Virginia  &  Trucked 
Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of  Virginia  City,  Nev. 

Mound  Land'ing,  a  post-office  of  Bolivar  co..  Miss. 

Mound  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  township  of  Jasper  co., 
Iowa.     Pop.  789. 

Mound  Prairie,  a  post-township  of  Houston  co., 
Minn.,  about  22  miles  S.S.E.  of  Winona.  It  is  intersected 
by  Root  River  and  the  Southern  Minnesota  Railroad,  which 
has  a  station  named  Mound  Prairie,  12  miles  W.  of  Lft 
Crosse.     It  contains  3  churches.     Pop.  743. 

Mounds,  Pulaski  co..  III.    See  Junction. 

Mounds,  Vernon  co..  Mo.    See  Moundville. 

Mound  Station,  a  post-office  of  San  Bernardino  co., 
Cal.,  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  CI  miles  E.  of  Los 
Angeles.     The  name  of  the  station  is  Mound  City. 

Mound  Station,  a  post-village  in  Lee  township. 
Brown  co..  III.,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  33  miles  E.  by  N. 
of  Quincy.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  fire- 
bricks, flour,  and  stone-ware. 

Mound's  View,  township,  Ramsey  co.,  Minn.    P.  295. 

Mounds'ville,  or  Eliz'abethtown,  a  post-village, 
capital  of  Marshall  co.,  W.  Va.,  is  on  an  alluvial  plain,  on 
the  Ohio  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Grave  Creek,  and  on  tho 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  12  miles  below  Wheeling.  It 
has  5  churches,  printing-offices  which  issue  2  or  3  weekly 
newspapers,  a  rolling-mill,  and  agricultural  works.  Tho 
name  of  its  post-oflice  is  Moundsville.  Here  is  a  remark- 
able artificial  mound,  which  is  nearly  75  feet  high,  and  ii 
supposed  to  be  the  work  of  the  ancient  mound-builders. 
The  penitentiary  is  located  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  2688. 

Mound  Valley,  a  post-village  in  Mound  Valley  town- 
ship, Labette  co.,  Kansas,  about  16  miles  S.W.  of  Parsons. 
It  has  a  church.     Pop.  100;  of  the  township,  1408. 

Mouud'ville,  a  village  of  Vernon  co..  Mo.,  in  Mound- 
ville  township,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Nevada.  It  has  2  or  3 
churches  and  a  nursery.  Here  is  Mounds  Post-Office, 
Pop.  about  175;  of  the  township,  897. 

Moundville,  a  post-township  of  Marquette  co..  Wis. 
Pop.  398.  Moundville  Post-Office  is  on  the  Wisconsin  Cen- 
tral Railroad  (Southern  division),  10  miles  N.  of  Portage, 
and  on  Fox  River,  which  here  begins  to  expand  into  a  long 
lake. 

Mount  A'braham,  a  mountain  of  Franklin  co.,  Me., 
about  25  miles  N.  of  Farmington,  is  3387  feet  high. 

Mount  A'bram,  a  hill  of  Oxford  co..  Me.,  on  the  edga 
of  the  Androscoggin  Valley,  about  3  miles  from  Bethel. 

Mount  Ad'ams,  New  Hampshire,  a  remarkably  sharp 

Seak  of  the  White  Mountains,  in  Coos  co.,  is  about  4  miles 
r.  by  W.  from  Mount  Washington.  Its  altitude  is  5759 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  It  is  higher  than  any  other 
peak  of  the  White  Mountains,  except  Mount  Washington. 

Mount  Adams,  Washington,  a  peak  of  tho  Cascade 
Range,  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Klikitat  co.,  9570  feet  high. 

Mount  Adam s ,  a  post-hamlet  of  Arkansas  co..  Ark.,  on 
White  River,  105  miles  from  its  mouth.     It  has  a  church. 

Mount  .il^o'lus,  Colorado,  a  quartzito  peak  in  lat.  37' 
37'  24"  N.,  Ion.  107°  37'  12"  W.  It  has  an  altitude  of 
14,054  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Mount  Aerial)  Ky.    Sec  Mount  Ariel. 


MOU 


1902 


MOD 


Moniit  .CItnn,  i<t'n&,  a  poat-village  of  Berks  oo.,  Pa., 
about  24  inlle«  W.N.W.  of  Reading.     It  has  2  churohes. 

Mount  Agaa'siz,  formerly  Peaked  Hill*  a  moun- 
tain of  Orafton  oo.,  N.H.,  noar  Bethlehem,  2U42  feet  high. 

Mountnin,  a  township  of  Del  Norte  co.,  Cal.     Po]>.  99. 

Mountain,  a  township  of  El  Dorado  co.,  Cal.  Pop.  271. 

Mountain,  a  poat-otnoe  of  Chootaw  Nation,  Indian 
Territory. 

Mountain,  a  township  of  Barry  oo.,  Mo.    Pop.  704. 

Mountain,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  oo..  Pa.,  on  or  noar 
Kittatinny  Mountain,  about  24  miles  N.  of  Uoiuling.  Here 
is  a  sluto-quarry. 

Mountain  Ash,  a  town  of  Wales,  oo.  of  Glamorgan,  4 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Aberdare.  It  bos  coal-mines  and 
iron-works.     Pop.  7457. 

Moun'tainburg,  a  post-bamlet  of  Crawford  co..  Ark., 
12  miles  from  Aluia.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Mountain  City,  a  post-village  of  Elko  co.,  Novaila, 
S3  miles  N.  of  Elko.     It  has  a  church. 

Mountnin  City,  a  small  post-village  of  Hays  co.,  Tex., 
18  miles  S.W.  of  Austin  City.    It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 

Mountain  Cove,  a  post-hamlot  of  Fayette  co.,  W. 
Va.,  about  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Charleston.  Bituminous 
coal  is  mined  here. 

Mountnin  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Chilton  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  South  &  North  Alabama  Railroad,  27  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Montgomery. 

Mountnin  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Catawba  co., 
N.C.     Pop.  1293. 

Mountain  Creek,  a  hamlet  of  Cumborliind  co.,  Pa.,  at 
Pine  Grove  SUtion,  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Carlisle.  It  has  an 
iron-furnace  and  a  church. 

Mountain  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C. 

Mountain  Creek,  a  post-hamlot  of  AVarren  co.,  Tcnn., 
10  miles  N.  of  McMinnvillo.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mountain  Dale,  a  post-hamlct  of  Washington  co., 
Oregon,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Portland.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  lumber-mill. 

Mountain  £ag1e,  a  post-hamlet  of  Centre  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Bald  Eagle  Valley  Railroad,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Lock 
liaven.     It  has  a  pottery. 

3Iountnin  Falls,  a  post-office  of  Frederick  co.,  Va. 

Mountain  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co..  Ark. 

Mountain  Glen,  a  post-hamlct  of  Garland  co..  Ark., 
on  the  Ouachita  River,  8  miles  from  Ilot  Springs.  It  has 
u  flour-mill. 

Mountain  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Wright  co.,  Minn. 

Mountain  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa., 
in  Black  Creek  township,  on  the  Danville,  llazleton  & 
Wilkesbarre  Railroad,  16  miles  E.  of  Catawissa.  It  has  a 
church,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  fire-brick. 

Mountain  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Bath  co.,  Va. 

Mountain  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Harris  co.,  Ga.,  16 
miles  S.E.  of  West  Point. 

Alountain  Home,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort 
of  Lawrence  co.,  Ala.,  4  miles  from  Wheeler  Station,  and 
20  miles  W.  of  Decatur.  It  has  2  churches  and  an  orphan 
school. 

Mountain  Home,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Baxter 
CO.,  Ark.,  about  60  miles  N.W.  of  Batesville,  and  a  few 
miles  N.  of  White  River.    It  has  an  academy  for  both  sexes. 

Mountain  Home,  a  post-office  of  Alturas  co.,  Idaho. 

Mountain  Home,  a  post- village  in  Barrett  township, 
Monroe  co.,  Pa.,  1  mile  from  Oakland  Station,  and  about  32 
miles  S.E.  of  Scranton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

Mountnin  Home,  a  hamlet  of  Bell  co.,  Tex.,  on 
Little  River,  about  60  miles  N.N.E.  of  Austin. 

Mountain  Home,  a  post-office  of  Hardy  co.,  W.  Va. 

Mountain  House,  a  post-office  and  hotel  of  Sierra 
CO.,  Cal.,  .30  miles  N.  of  Colfax. 

Mountnin  Island,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gaston  co.,  N.C, 
on  the  Catawba  River,  and  on  or  near  the  Carolina  Central 
Railroad,  about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Charlotte.  It  has  a 
church,  and  a  cotton-mill  which  has  4500  spindles  and  is 
said  to  be  the  largest  in  the  state. 

Mountain  Lake,  a  post-village  in  Mountain  Lake 
township,  Cottonwood  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  Sioux  City  &  St. 
Paul  IL-vilroad,  51  miles  W.S.W.  of  Mankato.  It  has  a 
money-order  post-office  and  a  Mennonite  church.  Here  is 
a  colony  of  Mennonitcs  who  emigrated  from  Russia.  Pop. 
of  township,  449. 

Mountain  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Bradford  co..  Pa., 
about  30  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Ehnira,  N.Y. 

Mountain  Lake,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort  of 
Giles  CO.,  Va.,  23  miles  N.W.  of  Christiansburg.  It  is  on 
Bald  Knob  Mountain,  at  an  elevation  of  4000  feet. 

Mountain  Meadow^  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Ala. 


Mountnin  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Mndison  on.,  Ark. 

Mountnin  Peak,  a  post-hamlot  of  Ellis  ou.,  Tex.  3(1 
miles  fi;om  Dallas. 

Mountain  Knnch,  a  post-office  of  Calaveras  oo.,  Cal 

Mountain  Itest,  a  post-office  of  Oconee  co.,  S.C. 

Mountain  Hid{;c,  Now  York,  the  mimo  given  to  a 
low  ridge  extending  nearly  jjarallol  to  the  S.  shore  of  Laki 
Ontario,  of  which  lake  it  is  supposed  to  have  once  formed 
the  beach. 

Mountain  Rond,  a  post-offioo  of  Halifax  co.,  V». 

Muiintain  Scene,  a  jwst-offioe  of  Towns  co.,  Oa. 

Mountain  Shoals,  a  post-office  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C. 

MountainSpring,  township,  Butte  CO.,  Cal.   Pop.  264, 

Mountain  Spring, a  post-hamlet  of  .Martin  eo.,  Ind., 
about  CO  miles  S.E.  of  Torre  Haute.  It  has  a  church  aniJ 
a  flour-mill. 

Mountain  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Cooke  co.,  Tex 

Mountnin  Switch,  a  xtation  of  the  Baltimore  i  Okie 
Railroad,  81  miles  W.  of  Baltimore. 

Mountain  Top,  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.    See  FAinviuw. 

Moun'taintown,  a  post-office  of  (Jilmer  co.,  (Ja. 

Moun'taintown  Creek,  of  Gilmer  co.,  Ua.,  flowi 
into  the  Coosiiwatteu  River. 

Mountain  Valley,  post-office,  Lackawanna  co.,  Pa, 

Mountain  Valley,  a  post-hamlct  of  Henry  oo.,  Vi 
20  miles  W.  of  Chatham. 

Mountain  View,  a  post-villnge,  capital  of  Stone  oo., 
Ark.,  about  90  miles  N.  of  Little  Rock.  It  has  3  churcboi 
and  a  high  school. 

Mountain  View,  a  post-village  of  Santa  Clara  co, 
Cal.,  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  38  miles  S.E.  of  Sun 
Francisco.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  grade<l  school. 

Mountain  View,  a  post-village  in  Wayne  township, 
Passaic  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Pompton  River,  and  on  the  Dolii- 
waro,  Lackawanna  «t  Western  Railroad,  Boonton  Branch, 
also  on  the  Montclair  &  Greenwood  Lake  Railroiul,  0  mile 
AV.  of  Paterson.     It  has  a  brick-yard  and  a  powder-mill. 

Mountain  View,  a  post-office  of  Abbeville  co.,  S.C. 

Mountain  View,  a  post-office  of  Stafl'onI  co.,  Vo. 

Moun'tninville,  a  post-hamlct  of  Hunterdon  co, 
N.J.,  in  Tewksbury  township,  about  35  miles  N.  of  Trenton. 
It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Mountainville,  a  post-hnmlct  and  summer  resort  of 
Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Ncwburg  <t  New  York  Railroad,  9 
miles  S.W.  of  Ncwburg.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-milL 

Mountainville,  a  post-office  of  Lehigh  co.,  Pa, 

Mountainville,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Tenn. 

Mount  Airy,  air'ee,  a  post-office  of  Habersham  co., 
Ga.,  on  the  Atlanta  &  Richmond  Air-Line  Railroad,  80 
miles  from  Atlanta. 

Mount  Airy,  a  township  of  Greene  co..  III.  Pop.  1320, 

Mount  Airy,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  43  miles  W.by  N.  of  Baltimore. 
It  has  a  church. 

Mount  Airy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co..  Mo.,  about 
30  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Boonvillo.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mount  Airy,  a  hamlet  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  3  miJei 
N.E.  of  Lambertville.     It  has  a  church. 

Mount  Airy,  a  post-village  in  Mount  Airy  township, 
Surry  co.,  N.C,  on  the  Ararat  River,  about  90  miles  N.  of 
Charlotte.  It  has  1  or  2  newspaper  offices,  an  academy,  3 
churches,  and  several  mills.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2353. 

Mount  Airy,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  0. 

Mount  Airy,  a  station  on  the  Gcrmantown  &  Chestnut 
Hill  Railroad,  8i  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia. 

Mount  Airy,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Monongahela  River,  2  or  3  miles  above  Brownsville. 

Mount  Airy,  a  post-office  of  Sequatchie  co.,  Tenn.,  St 
miles  N.  of  Chattanooga. 

Mount  Airy,  a  post-village  of  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va., 
36  miles  S.  of  Lynchburg.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  125. 

Mount  Al'bert,  or  New'iand,  a  post-village  in  York 
CO.,  Ontario,  Hi  miles  N.  of  Newmarket.  It  contains  sev- 
eral flouring-mills,  a  cheese-factory,  a  tannery,  Ac.     P.  150. 

Mount  Albion,  or  Albion  Mills,  or  Albionville, 
a  post-village  in  Wentworth  co.,  Ontario,  7  miles  S.E.  of 
Hamilton.     It  has  2  hotels  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  100. 

Mount  An'drew,  a  post-hamlct  of  Biirbour  co.,  Ala., 
about  60  miles  E.S.E.  of  Montgomery.     It  has  a  church. 

Mount  An'toro,  Colorado,  a  ])eak  of  the  Saguache 
Range,  near  l,at.  33°  40'  N.     Altitude,  14,245  feet. 

Mount  Ar'arat,  a  post-office  of  Choctaw  co.,  Ala. 

Mount  A'riel,  or  Mount  Ae'rial,  a  post-office  of 
Allen  CO.,  Ky.,  10  miles  E.  of  Franklin. 

Mount  Arkan'sas,  Colorado,  is  near  the  source  of  the 
Arkansas  River,  in  lat.  39°  22'  15"  N.,  Ion.  106°  15'  W. 
It  has  an  altitude  of  about  13,600  feet  above  sea-level 


MOD" 


1903 


MOU 


Mount  Ar'rin^ton,   Oregon,  a  peak   of  the   Coast 
H:in"e  or  Umpqua  Mountains,  is  on  the  line  between  Coos 
aiiJ  Douglas  cos. 
Mount  Athos,  Turkey.    See  Athos. 
Mount  Ath'os,  a  post-oflRce  of  Campbell  co.,  Va. 
Mount  Auburn,  aw'burn,  a  post-village  of  Christian 
'0..  111.,  in  Mount  Auburn,  township,  24  miles  E.  by  S.  of 
~|.iin"fielJ,  and  18   miles  W.S.W.  of  Decatur.     It  has  2 
liurchos.     Pop.  about  300;  of  the  township,  1640.     The 
unship  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Sangamon  River. 
Mount  Auburn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.,  on 
le  East  Fork  of  White  Kiver,  15  miles  N.  of  Columbus. 
['up.  about  100. 

Mount  Auburn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa, 
in  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Minnesota  Railroad,  32 
uilcs  N.W,  of  Cedar  Rapids.     It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  70. 
Mount  Auburn,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Middlesex 
0.  Mass.,  on  the  Watertown  Branch  of  the  Fitchburg  Rail- 
o!id,  at  Mount  Auburn  Cemetery,  6  miles  W.  of  Boston. 
Mount  Auburn  Cemetery,  a  beautiful  cemetery, 
ituated  about  a  mile  W.  of  Harvard   University,  Cam- 
iriJ^e,  Mass.,  comprising  about  100  acres.     The  surface  is 
)eautifully  diversified  with  hill  and  dale,  a  natural  growth 
if  trees  covering  a   large   portion  of  the   grounds,   over 
vhich  are  scattered  tombs  and  monuments  of  the  most 
:xquisite  workmanship.     Near  the  entrance  of  the  ccme- 
cry,  which  is  by  a  massive  gateway  in  the  Egyptian  style, 
tanJ?  the  chapel,  a  handsome  granite  edifice. 
Mount  Audubon.    See  Audubon's  Peak. 
Mount  Avacha.     See  Avachinskaya. 
Mount  Ayr,  air,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ringgold  co., 
uwa,  in  Mount  Ayr  township,  about  26  miles  S.  of  Afton, 
nJ  75  miles  S.S.W.  of  Des  Moines.     It  has  3  banks,  4 
hurches,  and  2  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  1275.     The  town- 
hip  is  drained  by  several  branches  of  Grand  River. 
iMount  Ayr,  a  post-hamlet  of  Osborne  co.,  Kansas,  35 
jiles  N.  by  W.  of  llussell.     It  has  a  church. 
Mount  Ba'ker,  a  peak  of  the  Cascade  Range,  in  What- 
om  CO.,  Washington.      Its  altitude  is  about  10,600  feet. 
he  top  is  covered  with  perpetual  snow,  and  the  sides  with 
jiests  of  fir  and  other  trees.     An  eruption  of  this  moun- 
lin  is  said  to  have  occurred  in  1S60. 
Mount  Bal'ley,  the  name  of  two  mountains  in  Cali- 
nnia,  in  Shasta  and  Trinity  cos.,  having  altitudes  of  6357 
ad  7647  feet  respectively  above  the  sea-level. 
Mount  Beth'ei,  a  hamlet  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J.,  IJ 
liles  from  Sterling  Station.     It  has  a  church. 
Mount  Bethel,  a  post-office  of  Alexander  co.,  N.C. 
Mount  Bethel,  Pennsylvania.    See  Williamsburg. 
Mount  Big'elow,  on  the  line  between  Somerset  and 
ranklin  cos.,  Me.,  is  about  70  miles  N.N.W.  of  Augusta. 
.Mount  Black'more,  a  volcanic  peak  in  Gallatin  co., 
[ontana,  has  an  altitude  of  10,134  feet  above  the  sea- 
vol.    The  highest  part  of  it  is  formed  of  basaltic  roek, 
id  limestone  is  found  on  its  sides,  which  are  partly  cov- 
ed with  pine  forests.     It  is  in  lat.  45°  26'  N. 
Mount  Blanch'ard,  a  post- village  in  Delaware  town- 
lip,  Hancock  co.,  0.,  on  Blanchard's  Fork  of  the  Auglaize, 
ijout  28  miles  S.W.  of  Tiffin.     It  has  3  churches,  a  tan- 
[■•y,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  450. 
f  Mount  Blan'co,  a  post-office  of  Meigs  co.,  0. 
■  Mount  Bliss,  a  post-office  of  Antrim  co.,  Mich, 
Mount  Bowdoin,  bo'dpn,  a  station  on  the  New  York 
New  England  Railroad,  4  miles  S.AV.  of  the  terminal  sta- 
in in  Boston,  Mass. 

Mount  Brad'dock,  a  post-village  in  North  Union 
wnship,  Fayette  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Fayette  County  Branch 
the  Pittsburg,  Washington  &  Baltimore  Railroad,  7  miles 
S.W.  of  Connellsville.  It  has  a  church,  a  coal-mine,  and 
hmerous  coke-ovens. 

|i Mount  Breck'enridge,  California,  is  a  peak  of  the 
erra  Nevada,  in  Kern  co.,  about  lat.  35°  12'  N.,  and  10 
ilcs  S.  of  Ilavilah.  Its  altitude  is  computed  to  be  7500 
et  above  the  sea-level. 

Mount  Brew'er,  California,  a  peak  of  the  Sierra  Ne- 
Ja,  stands  on  the  line  between  F'resno  and  Tulare  cos., 
ar  lat.  36°  38'  N,  Its  altitude  is  13,886  feet  above  the 
I.  It  is  about  10  miles  W.  of  Mount  Tyndall.  Granitic 
cks  form  its  nucleus.  The  sides  are  very  steep. 
Mount  Bross,  Colorado,  a  mountain  in  the  Middle 
irk,  in  lat.  40°  5'  N.,  Ion.  106°  0'  12"  W.  It  has  an  alti- 
Je  of  9468  feet  above  the  sea-level. 
Mount  Brydges,  brij'iz,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex 
.,  Ontario,  on  the  Great  Western  Railway,  15  miles 
.S.A\ .  of  London.  It  contains  a  church,  6  stores,  3 
tels,  an  ashery,  and  2  grist-  and  2  saw-mills.  Pop.  550. 
Mount  Bullion,  bull'y9n,  Mariposa  co.,  Cal.,  is  the 


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highest  peak  of  a  range  which  is  the  northeastern  boundary 
of  the  famous  Mariposa  estate.  It  has  an  altitude  of  about 
5300  feet  above  the  sea-level.     Gold  is  found  in  or  near  it. 

Mount  Bullion,  a  post-village  of  Mariposa  co.,  Cal., 
is  near  a  mountain  of  the  same  name,  about  95  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Stockton. 

Mount  Byers,  bl'^rz,  Colorado,  a  mountain  in  lat.  39" 
52'  N.,  Ion.  105°  56'  W.  It  is  in  the  S.  part  of  the  Middle 
Park,  and  has  an  altitude  of  12,778  feet  above  the  sea. 

Mount  Calm,  a  post-village  of  Limestone  co.,  Tex.,  20 
miles  N.E.  of  Waco.  It  has  4  churches,  a  masonic  insti- 
tute, and  a  flonring-mill. 

Mount  CaI'vary,  post-office.  Fond  du  Lac  co.,  Wis. 

Mount  Can'by,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  San  Juan 
Mountains,  in  lat.  37°  47'  7"  N.,  Ion.  107°  30'  51"  W.,  about 
10  miles  E.  of  Silverton.  It  has  an  altitude  of  13,274  feet 
above  the  sea-level. 

Mount  Car'bon,  a  village  of  Jackson  co.,  III.,  on  the 
Grand  Tower  &  Carbondalo  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Carbon- 
dale,  and  1  mile  E.  of  Murphysborough.  Coal  is  mined 
here.  It  has  a  machine-shop,  a  saw-mill,  &o.  Pop. 
about  500. 

3Iount  Carbon,  a  borough  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railroad,  1  mile  S.  of  Potts- 
ville.  It  has  a  rolling-mill.  It  is  connected  with  Mincrs- 
ville  by  the  People's  Railroad,  6  miles  long.     Pop.  364. 

Mount  Carmel,  Palestine.     See  Carmel. 

Mount  Car'mcl,a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ala. 

Mount  Carmel,  a  post-village  in  Hamden  township, 
New  Haven  co..  Conn.,  on  the  New  Haven  &  Northampton 
Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  New  Haven.  It  has  5  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  bells,  needles,  screws,  sewing-silk,  and  car- 
riage hardware. 

Mount  Carmel,  a  city,  capital  of  Wabash  co..  111.,  in 
Mount  Carmel  township,  on  the  Wabash  River,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  White  River,  and  on  the  Cairo  &  Vincennes 
and  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  St.  Louis  Railroads,  24  miles 
S.W.  of  Vincennes,  and  132  miles  N.E.  of  Cairo.  It  con- 
tains 6  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  banking-house, 
a  high  school,  2  flour-mills,  3  saw-mills,  a  woollen-factory, 
and  several  manufactories  of  furniture.  The  river  affords 
abundant  water-power  at  this  place,  and  here  flows  through 
beautiful  scenery.     Pop.  in  1890,  3376. 

Mount  Carmel,  a  post-village  in  Springfield  township, 
Franklin  co.,  Ind.,  17  miles  W.  of  Hamilton,  0.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  graded  school,  and  2  carriage-shops. 

Mount  Carmel,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Iowa,  7 
miles  N.  of  Carroll  City.     It  has  a  church  and  a  brewery. 

Mount  Carmel,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co.,  Kansas, 
14  miles  S.W.  of  Girard. 

Mount  Carmel,  a  post-village  of  Fleming  co.,  Ky., 
about  15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Maysville,  and  62  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Lexington.   It  has  3  churches,  also  1  or  2  mills.    Pop.  1 1  Off 

Mount  Carmel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md  , 
about  30  miles  N.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  3  churches. 

Mount  Carmel,  a  post-village  of  Covington  co..  Miss., 
about  56  miles  S.S.E.  of  Jackson.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
banking-house. 

Mount  Carmel,  a  post-village  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Cincinnati  &  Portsmouth  Railroad,  4  miles  S.E.  of 
Newtown  Station,  and  13  miles  E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  192. 

Mount  Carmel,  a  post-borough  in  Mount  Carmel 
township,  Northumberland  co..  Pa.,  7  miles  AV.  of  Ashland, 
6  miles  E.  of  Shamokin,  and  about  16  miles  S.E.  of  Dan- 
ville. It  is  on  branches  of  the  Lehigh  Valley  and  Maha- 
noy  <fc  Shamokin  Railroads,  and  is  connected  with  Sunbury 
by  a  branch  of  the  Northern  Central  Railroad.  It  has  5 
or  6  churches  and  a  bank.  Here  are  6  collieries,  which  are 
said  to  produce  600,000  tons  of  anthracite  in  a  year.  Pop. 
in  1890,  8254;  of  the  township,  additional,  3192. 

Mount  Carmel,  a  hamlet  of  Abbeville  co.,  S.C.,  15 
miles  from  Abbeville  Court-House.     It  has  a  church. 

Mount  Carmel,  a  post-office  of  Smith  co., Tex.,  about 
60  miles  W.S.W.  of  Jefferson. 

Mount  Carmel,  a  post-office  of  Kane  co.,  Utah. 

Mount  Carmel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Halifax  co.,  Va.,  • 
miles  S.  of  News  Ferry  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2  churches 
and  an  academy. 

Mount  Car'rick,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  0. 

Mount  Car'rie,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co.,  Fla,, 
on  the  Jacksonville,  Pensacola  <t  Mobile  Railroad.  It  ha« 
2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  rosin. 

Mount  Car'rigain,  a  peak  in  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  14 
miles  AV.  of  Upper  Bartlett.     Altitude,  4678  feet. 

Mount  Car'roll,apost-village  in  Mount  Carroll  town- 
ship, capital  of  Carroll  co.,  111.,  on  the  Western  Union  Rail- 


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rotkd,  28  milM  S.W.  of  Fre«port,  about  34  miles  S.E.  of 
Galena,  and  26  miles  N.N.K.  of  Clinton,  lonn.     It  contnins 

6  ohurchet,  a  national  bnnk,  the  Mount  Carroll  Sominnry 
(for  girls),  2  ne\Tspn)>er  ofliccs,  and  a  carriage-factory.  Pop. 
1766;  of  tlio  township,  2815. 

Mount>ChnrlC8,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  4  miles 
W.  of  Donegal,  on  the  N.  side  of  Donegal  Uay. 

Moant  Charlea,  a  post-vilUgo  in  Peel  co.,  Ontario,  2 
miles  from  Malton.     Pop.  150. 

Mount  Chase*  township,  Penobscot  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  263. 

Mount  Chestnut,  ches'n&t,  a  poHt-hainlot  of  liutlor 
CO.,  I'll.,  nbout  32  miles  N.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Mount  Clare*  a  post-hnulct  of  Harrison  co.,  W.  Va., 
6i  niilos  S.  of  Clarksburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mount  Clare  Junction,  a  station  within  the  limits 
of  Baltimore,  Md.,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Washington  Branch.  It  is  1  mile  from  a 
oity  station  called  Mount  Clare. 

Mount  CIny,  a  peak  of  the  White  Mountains,  in  Coos 
CO.,  N.ll.,  is  about  3  miles  N.W.  of  Mount  Washington. 
Altitude,  5553  feot. 

Mount  Clem'ens,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Macomb 
00.,  Mich.,  in  Clinton  township,  on  the  Clinton  River,  3  or 
4  miles  from  Lake  St.  Clair,  25  miles  N.N.K.  of  Detroit, 
and  37  miles  S.W.  of  Port  lluron.  It  is  connected  with 
these  towns  by  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  and  contains  6 
churches,  a  national  bank,  3  newspaper  olbces,  ifnd  a  union 
school.  Steamboats  ply  daily  between  Detroit  and  this 
place,  which  is  at  the  head  of  steam-navigation.  It  has 
mineral  springs,  and  manufactures  of  cigars,  lumber,  salt, 
sash,  and  blinds.     Pop.  in  1890,  4748. 

Mount  Clirton,  apost-village  of  Shenandoah  co.,  Va., 
4  miles  W.  of  the  Valley  Branch  Railroad,  and  about  14 
miles  S.W.  of  Woodstock.     It  has  2  or  3  churches. 

Mount  Clinton,  a  mountain  of  Coos  co.,  N.II.,  about 

7  miles  S.W.  of  Mount  Washington.     Height,  4320  feet. 
Mount  Clinton,  a  peak  of  the  Adirondacks,  in  Essex 

CO.,  N.Y.,  about  lat.  44°  7'  N.  It  is  very  near  Mount  Marcy. 
Altitude,  4937  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Mount  Clin'ton,  a  ]>ost-hamlet  of  Rockingham  co., 
Va.,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Harrisonburg.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  sash-factory. 

Mount  Cli'o,  township,  Sumter  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1574. 

Mount  Coffin,  a  post-office  and  steamboat-landing  of 
Cowlitz  CO.,  Washington,  on  the  Columbia  River,  about  55 
miles  above  Astoria. 

Mount  Coke,  or  Coke's  Peak,  a  mountain  in  the 
W.  part  of  Texas,  about  12  miles  from  Fort  Davis.  Its 
altitude  is  7450  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Mount  Cold'en,  a  peak  of  the  Adirondacks,  in  Essex 
CO.,  N.Y.,  has  an  altitude  of  4753  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Mount  Col'vin,  a  peak  of  the  Adirondacks,  in  Essex 
CO.,  N.Y.  Height,  4142  feet.  It  was  named  in  honor  of 
Vorplanck  Colvin,  who  first  ascended  and  measured  it. 

Mount  Com'fort,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co.,  Ind. 

Mount  Co'ry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co.,  0.,  in 
Union  township,  on  the  Lake  Erie  <t  Louisville  Railroad,  20 
miles  N.E.  of  Lima.  It  has  a  church,  a  carriage-shop,  a 
saw-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Mount  Crawford,  Carroll  co.,  N.II.    See  Bemis. 

Mount  Craw'ford,  a  post- village  of  Rockingham  co., 
Va.,  on  the  North  River,  and  on  the  Harper's  Ferry  &  Val- 
ley Branch  Railroad,  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Staunton.  It  is 
in  the  Great  Valley  of  Virginia.  It  has  3  churches  a 
woollcn-mill,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  spoke-factory.     Pop.  392. 

Mount  Cro'ghan,  a  township  of  Chesterfield  co.,  S.C. 
Pop.  16S2. 

Mount  Cross,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va.,  8 
miles  N.  of  Danville. 

Mount  Cu'ba,  a  post-village  and  station  in  New  Cas- 
tle CO.,  Del.,  on  the  Wilmington  &  Western  Railroad,  11 
miles  W.  of  Wilmington.  It  has  a  chapel,  a  flour-mill,  a 
machine-shop,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Mount  Dal'las,  a  village  of  Bedford  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Raystown  Branch  of  the  Juniata  River,  and  on  the  Bedford 
division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Bed- 
ford, and  45  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cumberland,  Md. 

Mount  Da'ly,  Colorado,  a  mountain  of  the  Elk  Range, 
in  lat.  3y°  11'  N.,  Ion.  107°  4'  W.  Ite  altitude  is  13,193 
feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Mount  Dana,  da'na,  California,  a  peak  of  the  Sierra 
Nevada,  is  on  the  W.  boundary  of  Mono  co.,  12  miles  S.  of 
Castle  Peak.     It  is  13,227  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Mount  Da'vidson,  Nevada,  is  on  or  near  the  line  be- 
tween Storey  and  Washoe  cos.,  and  belongs  to  the  Washoe 
Range  of  the  Sierra  Nevada.  Virginia  City  is  built  on  the 
E.  slope  of  this  mountain,  in  which  are  rich  silver-mines. 


Mount  dc  Chantal,  shan't&r,  a  station  in  Ohio  ,  , 
W.  Vn.,  on  the  railroa«l  fronj  Wheeling  to  Washington,  I'ii 
2  miles  E.  of  Wheeling.  Hero  is  a  epaoious  convent'  an 
school  for  young  ladies.     The  situation  is  beautiful. 

Mount  Ueti'ancc,  a  high  eminence  in  Essex  co 
N.Y.,  overlooking  the  site  of  Fort  Ticonderoga. 

Mount  Del'nno,  a  peak  of  the  Rooky  Mounbiln»,  I 
the  S.W.  part  of  Montana,  about  lat.  46°  32'  N.  It  hns'n 
altitude  of  10,200  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Mount  Dcnmvend,  Persia.    See  Dkmavknd. 

Mount  Dcii'iiison,  a  jjost-villugo  in  Huntaoo.,  Nov 
Scotia,  on  the  Avon,  3  miles  from  HantHport.     I'op,  20l). 

Mount  Desert,  do-zert'  or  dfii'^rt,  on  island  in  tl: 
Atlantic,  is  a  part  of  Hancock  oo.,  Mo.,  and  is  nearly  1  mi 
from  the  mainland.  It  is  15  miles  long  and  12  uiilu  viiil 
It  has  several  good  harbors,  is  distinguished  for  picturoixiu 
scenery,  and  is  a  popular  summer  resort.  Pop.  3935.  Moui 
Desert  Post-Office  is  at  Somcsville. 

Mount  Desert  llock,  in  the  Atlantic,  20  miles  S.S.I 
of  the  island  of  Mount  Desert,  has  a  light-house,  in  Ut  ii 
58'  7"  N.,  Ion.  08°  7'  22"  W. 

Mount  Diablo,  de-4'blo,  California,  an  isolated,  coi 
ical  peak  of  the  Coast  (or  Monte  Diablo)  Range,  in  Conti 
Costa  CO.,  about  38  miles  E.  by  N.  from  San  Francisco.  ] 
rises  3876  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  nnd  is  the  moi 
conspicuous  landmark  in  the  central  part  of  the  state.  ] 
appears  more  prominent  than  some  higher  peaks  becauic 
is  more  isolated  and  it  rises  directly  from  the  level  of  tl 
sea.  The  summit  commands  an  immense  pros]icct  of  tli 
great  central  valley  of  California,  believed  to  be  almost  ur 
surpassed  in  extent  by  any  view  attainable  on  the  surfat 
of  the  earth.  This  is  due  to  the  peculiar  form  of  the  lirc< 
Valley  of-  California,  and  the  gradual  rise  of  the  Sicrn 
which  brings  higher  and  higher  points  to  view  as  the  dii 
tanco  becomes  greater.  The  central  mass  of  Mount  DiabI 
is  composed  of  motamorphic  rocks,  among  which  ar 
sandstone  and  silicious  slate.  Coal  is  found  in  the  crcti 
ceous  formation  at  the  base  of  this  mountain,  and  hero  ar 
the  most  important  coal-mines  in  the  state. 

Mount  Doane,  d5n,  Wyoming,  is  in  the  Nationi 
Park  of  the  Yellowstone,  about  5  miles  from  Yelluwston 
Lake.  Its  altitude  is  10,118  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sei 
It  is  of  volcanic  origin,  and  is  composed  partly  of  tracbyt 
basalt,  and  breccia. 

Mount  Dow'ney,  California,  is  a  peak  of  the  Coai 
Range,  in  Los  Angeles  co.     Height,  5675  feet. 

Mount  £agle,  a  station  in  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Bal 
Eagle  Valley  Railroad,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Lockport. 

Mount  £aton,  e'ton,  a  post- village  in  Paint  townsbif 
Wayne  co.,  0.,  about  13  miles  S.W.  of  Massillon.  It  has 
churches,  a  union  school,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  a  furniture 
factory.     Pon.  296. 

Mount  ]!i'bal,  a  post-office  of  Aiken  co.,  S.C. 

Mount  E'dcn,  a  post-village  of  Alameda  co.,  Cal 
about  24  miles  E.S.E.  of  San  Francisco.  It  has  manufa« 
tures  of  salt. 

Mount  Eden,  a  post-village  of  Spencer  co.,  Ky.,  abou 
18  miles  S.W.  of  Frankfort.  It  has  a  church,  an  aijadcmj 
and  a  distillery.     Pop.  about  200. 

Mount  Eden,  a  village  in  the  suburbs  of  New  York 
became  a  part  of  that  city  in  1874. 

Mount  Eden  Furnace,  a  hamlet  of  Lancaster  co, 
Pa.,  in  Eden  township,  2  miles  from  Quarryvillo  Station 
It  has  a  church,  a  foundry,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Mount  Edgecumbc,  Sj'kiim,  England,  co.  of  Com 
wall,  is  a  hilly  promontory,  with  the  fine  seat  of  the  Bai 
of  Mount  Edgecumbe,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Plymouth. 

Mount  Edgecumbe,  a  mountain  of  New  Zealand 
North  Island,  lat.  38°  S.,  Ion.  177°  E.     Height,  10,000  feet 

Mount  Eg'mont,  an  active  volcano  of  New  Zealand 
near  the  S.W.  point  of  North  Islond,  T8  miles  S.  of  Nei 
Plymouth.     Lat.  39°  15'  S.     Height,  8840  feet. 

Mounteith,  Chatham  co.,  Ga.    See  Monteith. 

Mount  El'bn,  a  hamlet  of  Lincoln  co..  Ark.,  on  thi 
Saline  River,  about  70  miles  S.  of  Little  Rock. 

Mount  El'gin,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  co.,  Ontario 
7i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ingersoll.     Pop.  135. 

Mount  Em'mons,  a  peak  of  the  Adirondack  Moun 
tains,  in  Hamilton  co.,  N.Y.,  named  in  honor  of  E.  Em 
mons,  geologist.   Colvin  computes  its  height  to  be  3824  feet 

Mount  Eno'tah,  or  Bald  Mountain,  a  peak  ol 
Towns  CO.,  Ga.,  has  an  altitude  of  4802  feet,  and  is  said  U 
be  the  highest  peak  in  the  state. 

Mount  En'terprise,  a  post-village  in  Rusk  co.,Tex. 
30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Overton,  and  about  45  miles  S.  of  Long- 
view.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  and  manufa.ctur« 
of  furniture  and  wagons. 


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!  Monnt  E'phraim,  a  post-village  of  Camden  co.,  N.J., 
'  miles  S.S.E.  of  Camden,  on  the  Camden,  Gloucester  & 
;ount  Ephraim  Railroad.  It  has  a  church. 
Mount  Ephraim,  a  post- village  of  Noble  co.,  0.,  about 
I  miles  N.  of  Marietta.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  171. 
Mount  Erie,  e'ree,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  111.,  in 
:ount  Erie  township,  about  50  miles  E.  of  Centralia,  and 
)  miles  S.E.  of  Flora.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  liour-mill. 
op.  of  the  township,  1238. 

Mount  Etna,  a  mountain  of  Sicily.    See  Etna. 
Mount  Et'na,  a  post-village  of  Huntingdon  co.,  Ind., 
1  the  Salamonie  Kiver,  about  36  miles  S.W.  of  Eort  AVayne. 
;  has  2  churches.     Pop.  221. 

3Iount  Etna,  a  post-village  in  Washington  township, 
diims  CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Nodaway,  10  miles  N.  of  Corning. 
;  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber. 
Mount  E'va,  a  post-office  of  White  co.,  Ark. 
Mount  Ev'ans,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Rocky  Moun- 
lins,  about  10  miles  S.  of  Georgetown,  in  lat.  39°  35'  21" 
.,  Ion.  105°  38'  20"  W.  It  has  an  altitude  of  14,330  feet 
30V0  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Mount  Ev'erest,  a  peak  of  the  Himalayas,  the  highest 
iccrtained  point  on  the  surface  of  the  globe,  in  lat.  27° 
16"  N.,  Ion.  85°  58'  8"  E.,  and  N.E.  of  Khatmandoo, 
early  midway  between  the  peaks  of  Dhawalaghiri  and 
unchain-Junga.     Height,  29,002  feet  above  the  sea. 
Mount  Eair'view,  a  post-office  of  San  Diogo  co.,  Cal., 
1  the  San  Luis  Rey  River,  9  miles  from  the  Pacific  Ocean. 
3Iount  Flume,  one  of  the  Lower  Franconia  peaks, 
rafton  co.,  N.H.,  is  said  to  be  4500  feet  high. 
Mount  For'est,  a  post-vill.age  of  Cook  co..  111.,  on  the 
hicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago.     It 
as  mineral  springs,  a  good  hotel,  and  a  female  seminary. 
Mount  For'est,  a  town  in  Wellington  co.,  Ontario,  on 
10  S.  branch  of  the  Saugeen  River,  on  the  Toronto,  Grey 
Bruce  Railway,  87  miles  W.N.W.  of  Toronto.     It  has 
lurches  of  7  denominations,  2  saw-mills,  3  flouring-  and 
ri?t-mills,  2  woollen-mills,  an  iron-foundry,  an  agricultural 
iiplenicnt  factory,  2  tanneries,  2  brick-fields,  a  pottery,  a 
-anch  bank,  2  newspapers,  and  5  hotels.     Pop.  1370. 
Mount  Frank'lin,  New  Hampshire,  a  peak  of  the 
'liito  Mountains,  in  Coos  co.,  about  4  miles  S.W.  of  Mount 
'ashington.     Height,  4904  feet  above  sea-level. 
Mount  Free'dom,  a  hamlet  of  Jessamine  co.,  Ky.,  8 
lies  S.  of  Nicholasville,  and  2  miles  from  North  Tower 
ailroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Mount  Freedom,  a  post-hamlct  of  Morris  co.,  N.J., 
Randolph  township,  3  miles  from  Ironia  Station.  It  has 
churches. 

Mount  Freedom,  W.  Va.    See  Ciiicleville. 

Mount  Gal'lagher,  a  post-office  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C. 

Mount  Gal'latin,  a  conical  mountain  which  stands 

;ar  the  W.  border  of  the  National  Park  of  the  Yellowstone, 

id  near  the  boundary  between  Montana  and  Wyoming. 

is  .about  10,000  feet  high.   The  Gallatin  River  rises  at  its 

ise.  This  peak  is  described  by  Hayden  as  "a  dome-shaped 

fiak  which  overlooks  the  valleys  of  the  Yellowstone  and 

fallatin,  is  one  of  the  finest  mountains  in  the  range,  and 

timmands  a  most  extensive  view  in  every  direction."    It 

composed  mostly  of  limestones. 

Mount  Gar'diner,  California,  a  peak  of  the  Sierra 
cvada,  on  the  W.  border  of  Inyo  co.,  a  few  miles  S.  of 
junt  King.  Its  altitude  is  estimated  at  14,000  feet  above 
e  level  of  the  sea. 

Mount  Gar'field,  Idaho,  a  peak  of  the  Rocky  Moun- 
ins,  is  near  the  boundary  between  Idaho  and  Montana. 
rises  9704  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 
Mount  Gay'nor,  a  post-office  of  Hays  co.,  Tex. 
Mount  Gilead,  ghil'c-ad  (Arab.  Jeb-el-Jilad,  j6b-§l- 
|i-lid'),  in  Syria,  pashalic  of  Damascus,  is  25  miles  N.N.E. 
the  Dead  Sea,  lat.  32°  7'  N.,  Ion.  35°  46'  E.,  and  near 
0  extremity  of  the  region  of  Gilead,  which  extended  for 
me  distance  northward  along  the  E.  side  of  the  Jordan. 
Mount  Gilead,  ghil'e-ad,  asmall  post-village  of  Mason 
!■,  Ky.,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Miirshall  Station,  and  about  11 
files  S.S.E.  of  Maysville.     It  has  a  church. 
!  Mount  Gilead,  a  post-hamlet  in  Mount  Gilead  town- 
ip,  Montgomery  co.,  N.C.,  about  50  miles  E.  of  Charlotte. 
ha^  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1280. 
Mount  (iilead,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Morrow  co., 
,in  (jilead  township,  on  the  East  Branch  of  the  Olentangy 
ivor,  about  45  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Columbus,  and  24  miles 
W.  of  Mansfield.     It  is  IJ  miles  E.  of  Gilead  Station  on 
0  railroad  which   connects   Delaware  with    Gallon.     It 
ntains  4  churches,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  a  union 
hool,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of  carriages, 
rbine  water-wheels,  and  sewing-machines.  P.  (1890)  1329. 


Mount  Gilead,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co.,  Tcnn. 

Mount  Gilead,  a  post-hamlet  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va.,  6 
miles  S.  of  Hamilton  Station. 

Mount  God'dard,  California,  a  peak  of  the  Sierra 
Nevada,  is  on  or  near  the  boundary  between  Fresno  and 
Mono  COS.,  about  lat.  37°  10'  N.  It  rises  about  14,000  feet 
above  the  sea-level,  and  is  partly  covered  with  forests  of 
pine  and  fir.     Its  summit  is  formed  of  granite  and  slate. 

Mount  Good'win,  a  peak  of  the  Adirondacks,  in 
New  York,  near  the  western  boundary  of  Essex  co. 

Mount  Graham,  Arizona.    See  Graham  Peak. 

Mount  Guth'rie,  a  station  of  Rock  Castle  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Knoxville  Branch  of  the  Louisville  &,  Great  Southern 
Railroad,  2  miles  N.W.  of  Mt.  Vernon. 

Mount  Guyot,  ghee'o',  Colorado,  a  mountain  of  the 
main  range  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  in  lat.  39°  28'  N.,  Ion. 
105°  56'  W.     Height,  13,665  feet  above  sea-level. 

Mount  Guyot,  a  peak  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  about  4 
miles  S.  of  Twin  Mountain. 

Mount  Guyot,  a  peak  of  the  Smoky  Mountains,  on 
the  boundary  between  North  Carolina  and  Tennessee,  is 
near  lat.  35°  50'  N;  and  Ion.  83°  W.     Altitude,  6636  feet. 

Mount  Ham'ilton,  California,  a  peak  of  the  Coast 
Range,  in  Santa  Clara  co.,  about  25  miles  E.  of  San  Jos6. 
It  is  4449  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Mount  Hamilton,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Rooky 
Mountains  (main  range),  in  lat.  39°  26'  N.,  Ion.  105°  58' 
7"  W.     Height,  13,800  feet  above  sea-level. 

Mount  Ilan'cock,  a  peak  of  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
in  the  National  Park  of  the  Yellowstone,  about  12  miles  S. 
of  Yellowstone  Lake,  and  near  lat.  44°  8'  N. 

Mount  Hancock,  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  is  about  2  miles 
W.  of  Mount  Carrigain.     Its  altitude  is  said  to  be  4420  feet. 

Mount  Han'ly,  a  post-settlement  in  Annapolis  co., 
Nova  Scotia,  7  miles  from  Lawrencetown.     Pop.  200. 

Mount  Har'mony,  a  hamlet  of  Calvert  co.,  Md.,  about 
24  miles  S.  of  Annapolis.     It  has  a  church. 

Mount  Harmony,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  W.  Va. 

Mount  Har'vard,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  in  Lake  co.,  about  108  miles  S.W.  of  Denver. 
It  has  an  altitude  of  14,383  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 
It  is  partly  covered  with  forests  of  fir  and  pino. 

Mount  Hay'den,  or  Grand  Teton,  tQ-tfts"',  a 
granitic  peak  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  is  near  the  W. 
boundary  of  Wyoming  Territory,  in  lat.  43°  44'  N.  and 
Ion.  110°  55'  W.  Altitude,  13,858  feet  above  the  level  of 
the  sea.  It  is  the  highest  peak  of  a  group  called  the  Three 
Tetons.     The  ascent  of  this  mountain  is  difficult. 

Mount  Hayes,  haz,  a  peak  of  the  White  Mountains, 
in  Coos  CO.,  N.ll.,  is  nearly  3  miles  from  Gorham  Station. 

Mount  Hayes,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co..  Ark. 

Mount  Hay'ley,  township,  Midland  co.,  Mich.    P.  99. 

Mount  Hay'stack,  a  peak  of  the  Adirondacks,  in 
Es.sex  CO.,  N.Y.    Computed  height,  5006  feet  above  .<ca-level. 

Mount  Health'y,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bartholomew  co., 
Ind.,  about  10  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Columbus.    It  has  a  church. 

Mount  Healthy,  Ohio.    See  Mou.nt  Pleasant. 

Mount  Healthy,  a  post-office  of  Somerset  co..  Pa. 

Mount  Ilcaly,  hee'le,  a  post-village  in  Haldimand 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  Grand  Riven,  5  miles  N.  of  Cayuga. 
Gypsum  abounds  in  the  neighborhood.     Pop.  100. 

Mount  He'bron,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Ala.,  6 
miles  N.  of  Gainesville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mount  Hecia,  Iceland.    See  Hecla. 

Mount  Hec'la,  a  post-office  of  Jack  co.,  Tex. 

Mount  Her'mon  (Arab.  Jebel-e»h- Sheikh,  'ihh'b\-^s\\- 
shaik),  a  mountain  of  Palestine,  forming  a  part  of  the 
chain  of  Anti-Libanus.  Its  height  is  stated  to  be  above 
11,000  feet,  and  its  summit  is  covered  with  snow  the  most 
part  of  the  year.  Little  Mount  Hermo.v  is  a  much  lower 
range,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Acre,  bounding  the  Plain  of  Es- 
draolon  on  the  E.,  .and  to  which  the  name  of  Hermon  was 
first  applied  in  the  Middle  Ages. 

Mount  Her'mon,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Ky. 

Mount  Hermon,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hope  township, 
AVarren  co.,  N.J.,  1 1  miles  E.S.E.  of  Delaware  Water  Gap. 
It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Mount  Hermon,  a  township  of  Pasquotank  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  1184. 

Mount  Her'on,  a  post-office  of  Darke  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Dayton  &,  Union  Railroad,  3  or  4  miles  N.W.  of  Greenville. 

Mount  Her'sey,  a  post-office  of  Newton  co..  Ark. 

Mount  Hesperus,  Colorado.    See  Banded  Peak. 

Mount  Hilliard,  hiryo.rd,  a  post-village  of  Bullock 
CO.,  Ala.,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Union  Springs.  It  has  2 
churches  and  an  academy. 

Mount  Uolf'mau,  California,  a  granitic  peak  of  the 


MOU 


]d06 


MOU 


Stem  Nernda,  is  near  kt.  3"°  42'  N.  It  hns  nn  altitude  of 
10,872  foot  above  tlio  Icvol  of  tlio  run,  and  forms  a  part  of 
Boonory  roumrkikblo  for  its  giiblimity. 

Mount  Ilotl'mnn,  a  neuk  of  the  AdirondiickR,  in 
£m«x  00.,  N.Y.     Altitude,  about  3727  foot. 

Mount  IIolMy,  a  ]MMt-o(Hoo  of  Union  oo.,  Arli.,  al>out 
24  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Camden. 

Mount  I'lolly,  a  post-villaj^o,  capital  of  Ilurlington 
00.,  N.J.,  in  Nortiinuipton  township,  on  tlio  Nortli  Kranuh 
of  Kancooas  Crool<,  It)  miles  I-!,  by  N.  of  Philadu1()hia,  7 
uiilos  S.S.K.  of  Uurlingtun,  and  IS  miles  S.  of  Tronton. 
Hero  is  a  hill  about  20U  foot  high,  from  which  tiio  name  is 
derived.  It  contains  a  court-house,  S  churches,  .H  national 
banlcs,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  cotton-factory,  and  2  foundries, 
and  has  manufactures  of  machinery,  ploughs,  turbino  watcr- 
whccls,  and  spool  thread.  Several  branches  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad  connect  it  with  Camden,  Uurlington, 
Medford,  ic.     Pop.  about  4000. 

Mount  Holly,  a  post-office  of  Clermont  oo.,  0. 

Mount  Holly,  a  village  of  Knox  co.,  0.     See  Gaxn. 

Mount  Holly,  a  village  in  Wayne  township,  Warren 
CO.,  0.,  on  Little  Miami  lliver,  li  miles  from  Claysville 
Station.     It  hivs  a  church  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  205. 

Mount  Holly,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Charleston 
CO.,  S.C,  on  the  Northeastern  Railroad,  19  miles  N.  of 
Charleston. 

Mount  Holly,  apost-haralctin  Mount  Holly  township, 
Rutland  CO.,  Vt.,  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  15  miles 
S.  by  E.  of  Rutland.  It  has  2  churches,  a  lumber-mill, 
and  a  cheese-factory.  The  township  contains  a  village 
named  Mechanics ville,  and  has  a  po]).  of  1582. 

Mount  Holly,  a  post-office  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Va. 

Mount  Holly  Springs,  a  post-village  and  summer 
resort  of  Cumberland  co..  Pa.,  is  on  the  South  Mountain 
and  llarrisburg  &  Potomac  Railroads,  near  the  N.W.  base 
of  South  Mountain,  7  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Carlisle.  It  has  a 
newspaper,  3  churches,  and  3  paper-mills.    P.  (IS90)  1190, 

Mount  Ilo'ly  Cross,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Sa- 
guache Range,  about  18  miles  N.  of  Massive  Mountain,  com- 
posed of  granite  or  gneiss,  having  an  altitude  of  14,176  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea,  and  a  vertical  face  nearly  3000 
feet  on  the  side,  with  a  cross  of  snow,  formed  by  a  vertical 
fissure  about  1500  feet  high,  and  a  sort  of  horizontal  step, 
on  which  the  snow  remains  all  the  year.  This  cross  m.ay  bo 
seen  at  a  distance  of  50  to  SO  miles  from  other  mountain- 
peaks.     Lat.  39°  28'  N.;  Ion.  100°  28'  W. 

Mount  Iloiyoke,  hol'yok,  Massachusetts,  is  in 
Hampden  co.,  about  3  miles  E.  of  Northampton,  and  1  mile 
K.  of  the  Connecticut  River.  Its  top  is  830  feet  above  the 
river,  and  affords  a  beautiful  prospect. 

Mount  Hood,  Oregon,  a  volcanic  peak  of  the  Cascade 
Range,  is  on  the  N.E.  border  of  Clackamas  co.,  about  lat. 
45°  24'  N.  and  Ion.  121°  40'  W.  It  seems  to  be  a  dormant 
or  extinct  volcano.  According  to  Prof.  Ouj'ot,  it  is  11,225 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Rut  in  Whitney's  work  on 
the  Geology  of  California,  11,934  feet  is  given  as  a  close 
approximation  to  the  true  height.  It  is  stated  that  on  one 
of  its  sides  is  a  nearly  vertical  precipice,  7000  feet  higli. 
Mount  Hood  is  partly  covered  with  forests  of  fir  and  pine. 

Mount  Hook'er,  a  f*eak  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  on 
the  E.  border  of  British  Columbia,  near  lat.  51°  40'  N.  It 
is  said  to  be  15,700  feet  high. 

Mount  Hope,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ala., 
about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Florence. 

Mount  Hope,  a  post-office  of  Yavapai  co.,  Arizona. 

Mount  Hope,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tolland  co.,  Conn.,  9J 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Willimantic.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a 
saw-mill. 

Mount  Hope,  township,  McLean  co.,  111.     Pop.  1432. 

Mount  Hope,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind.,  about 

24  miles  N.N.E.  of  Fort  Wayne. 

Mount  Hope,  a  post-village  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas, 

25  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Wichita.  It  has  several  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  numerous  stores.    Pop.  in  1 890,  241. 

Mount  Hope,  a  station  in  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Western  Maryland  Railroad,  8  miles  N.W.  of  BiUtlmore. 

Mount  Ilope,  a  station  on  the  Boston  &,  Providence 
Railroad,  5i  miles  from  the  initial  station  in  Boston,  Mass. 
Here  is  Mount  Hope  Cemetery. 

Mount  Hope,  a  post-office  of  Copiah  co..  Miss. 

Mount  Hope,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lafayette  co.,  Mo., 
20  miles  S.  of  Lexington.     It  has  a  church  and  a  seminary. 

Mount  Hope,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rockaway  township, 
Morris  co.,  N.J.,  12  miles  N.  by  AV.  of  Morristown,  and  3 
miles  from  Rockaway  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church 
and  valuable  mines  of  iron.  It  is  connected  with  Port 
Oram  by  the  Mount  Hope  Railroad,  4  miles  long. 


Mount  Hope,  a  village  in  the  suburbs  of  New  York 
of  which  city  it  became  a  part  in  1874.     Pop.  487.  ' 

Mount  Ilope,  a  posi-village  in  Mount  Hope  town, 
ship,  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  6  or  7  miles  W.  of  Middlctnwn  I 
mile  S,  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  and  about  30  miles  W.S.W.'of 
Nowburg.  It  has  1  or  2  churches  und  nn  academy.  Th< 
township  is  intersected  by  the  Shawangiink  River  and  tb« 
Erie  Railroad,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1700, 

Mount  Hope,  liolmcs  co.,  0.    Sec  MiDni.KTows. 

Mount  Hope,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  oo.,  Pa. 
about  9  miles  S.  of  Lebanon. 

Mount  Hope,  a  post-offlco  of  Fayette  co.,  W.  Va. 

Mount  Hope,  a  post-village  in  .Mount  Ilopo  town 
ship.  Grant  co..  Wis.,  about  35  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Uubuquo 
It  hivs  2  churclics  and  a  plough-factory.  Pop.  of  the  town^ 
ship,  781, 

Mount  Hope,  Ontario,    See  CAinxconjj. 

Mount  Hope  Bay,  the  northeastern  arm  of  Narnv- 
gansctt  Bay,  extending  through  Bristol  oo,,  R.I.,  into  Bri* 
tol  CO.,  Mass. 

Mount  Hor,  a  post-offico  of  Bracken  oo.,  Ky.,  IJ 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Falmouth,  ' 

Mount  Horcb,  Arabia.    See  HonKn. 

Mount  Ho'reb,  a  post-hamlet  of  JeOerson  oo.,  Tenn. 
4i  miles  S.E.  of  Mos.sy  Creek  Station.  Hero  is  the  Mouol 
Horcb  Institute. 

Mount  Horcb,  a  post-village  of  Dane  co.,  Wis,,  aboul 
20  miles  W.S.W,  of  Madison.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mount  Ho'reb,  a  post-village  in  Victori.i  co.,0ntari(n 
on  Pigeon  Creek,  2  miles  from  Franklin.     Pop.  120. 

Mount  Hurst,  a  post-village  in  Cardwell  oo.,  Ontario, 
6  miles  N.W.  of  Bolton.     Pop.  130. 

Mount  Hymettus,  hl-mdt'tus,  a  mountain  of  Greece, 
in  Attica,  4i  miles  E.S.E.  of  Athens.  Height,  2680  feet 
The  honey  collected  here  has  been  famous  from  remoti 
antiquity  to  the  present  time. 

Mount  Ida,  Asia  Minor.    Sco  Ida. 

Mount  Ida,  Crete.    See  PsiLonxTr. 

Mount  I'da,  a  post-hamlct  of  Crenshaw  co.,  Ala.,  53 
miles  S.  of  Montgomery.     It  has  a  church  and  masonie  hall 

Mount  Ida,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Montgomery  co. 
Ark.,  is  near  tho  Brushy  Fork  of  the  Ouachita  River,  aboul 
85  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Little  Rock.     It  has  a  church. 

Mount  Ida,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  W.  Va. 

Mount  Ida,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co.,  Wis.,  about  33 
miles  N.  of  Dubuque,  Iowa. 

Mount  I'daho,  a  post-hamlet,  capital  of  Idaho  co., 
Idaho,  60  miles  S.E.  of  Lewiston,  near  a  branch  of  Clear- 
water River.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  luiiibcr-mill. 

Mount  Independ'ence,  in  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  about  2 
miles  S.E.  of  Fort  Ticonderoga.  It  is  chiefly  distinguished 
OS  having  contained  important  military  fortifications  in  th 
early  history  of  the  country. 

Mount  Jack'son,  New  Hampshire,  a  peak  of  thi 
White  Mountains,  is  on  tho  N.E.  border  of  Grafton  co., 
about  36  miles  N.N.E.  of  Plymouth.     Altitude,  4100  feet 

Mount  Jackson,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co..  Pa., 
3  miles  from  Mahoning  Railroad  Station,  and  6  miles  S.W. 
of  Now  Castle.     It  has  several  churches,  a  planing-mill,  &e. 

Mount  Jackson,  a  post-village  of  Shenandoah  co., 
Va.,  on  the  North  Fork  of  the  Shenandoah  River,  and  on 
the  Harper's  Ferry  &  Valley  Branch  Railroad,  61  mile* 
N.N.E.  of  Staunton,  It  has  3  churches,  a  foundry,  and  a 
flouring-mill. 

Mount  Jefferson,  a  peak  of  the  AVhite  Moantaiiu, 
in  Coos  CO.,  New  Hampshire,  situated  immediately  N.  of 
Mount  Washington,  between  it  and  Mount  Adams.  Height, 
5657  feet  above  the  level  of  the  ocean. 

Mount  John'son,  or  Saint  Gregoire  Ic  Grand, 
six"  grd^gwan'  l§h  grdN'",  a  post-village  in  Iberville  co., 
Quebec,  situated  .at  the  foot  of  a  mountain,  3  uiiics  from 
Versailles.     It  has  several  stores  and  hotels.     Pop.  450. 

Mount  Joy,  a  post-offico  of  Scott  co.,  Io\fa,  on  the 
Davenport  &,  St.  Paul  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Davenport 

Mount  Joy,  a  station  in  Rockland  co.,  N.Y.,  on  th« 
New  Jersey  &  New  York  Railroad,  37  miles  N.  of  Jerttj 
City. 

Mount  Joy,  a  post-village  in  Brush  Creek  township, 
Scioto  CO.,  0.,  20  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Portsmouth.  It  bu  J 
churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Mount  Joy,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  1172. 

Mount  Joy,  a  post-borough  in  Mount  Joy  township, 
Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railro.ad,  25  mile* 
E.S.E.  of  Harrisburg,  and  80  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia.  It 
has  5  or  6  churches,  2  national  banks,  the  Cedar  Hill  Sem- 
inary, 2  newspaper  offices,  a  plough-factory,  and  the  Valley 
Chief  Reaper  Works.    Pop.  (1890)  1848 ;  of  township,  2258 


I 


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Mount  Joy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  cc,  S.C,  10  miles 
of  Joncsville. 

Mount  Joy,  a  post-office  of  Delta  co.,  Texas. 
Mount'joy,  or  Oak'ville,  a  post-village  in  Soulanges 
Quebec,  U  miles  AV.  of  Coteau   Station.     It   contains 
V-  anil  grist-mills.     Pop.  200. 
Mount  Jude'a,  a  post-office  of  Newton  co.,  Ark. 
Mount  Ju'liet,  a  post-office  of  Wilson  co.,  Tenn. 
Mount  Juliet,  a  hamlet  of  Travis  co.,  Texas,  7  miles 
of  Austin.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mount  Ken'dall,  Colorado,  a  mountain  of  the  San 
';m  Range,  in  lat.  .37°  47'  22"  N.,  Ion.  107°  30'  61"  W. 
;  altitude  is  1:5, .'580  feet  above  the  sea-level. 
Mount  Kin'eo,  a  summer  resortof  Piscataquis  co.,  Me., 
the  E.  shore  of  Mooschead  Lake.  Hero  is  a  high  prom- 
tory  composed  almost  entirely  of  hornblende.  It  is 
•rounded  by  picturesque  scenery. 

Mount  King,  a  naked  granitic  peak  of  the  Sierra  Ne- 
Ja,  on  the  AV.  border  of  Inyo  co.,  Cal.,  near  lat.  36°  44' 
Prof.  J.  D.  AVhitney  estimated  its  altitude  to  bo  "  prob- 
ly  over  14,000  feet"  above  the  sea-level.  "  Mount  King," 
,s  that  geologist,  " breaks  off  in  grand  precipices  on  the 
rthwcst  side,  like  the  Half  Dome ;  these  are  several 
)usand  feet  in  height,  and  almost  vertical,  producing  the 
cot  of  an  immense  obelisk." 

Mount  Kin'neo,  a  peak  in  Grafton  co.,  N.II.,  has  an 
itude  of  3427  feet  above  the  tide.  It  is  covered  with  a 
use  forest. 

Mount  Kins'man,  a  peak  of  Grafton  co.,  N.II.,  in 
iicoln  township,  aboui  14  miles  S.  of  Littleton.  Altitude, 
:)0  feet  above  the  tide. 

Mount  Kis'co,  a  post-village  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y., 
the  New  York  &  Harlem  llailroad,  38  miles  N.  of  New 
■rk.  It  has  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  jnanufac- 
y  of  spectacles  and  eye-glasses,  a  planing-mill,  a  saw- 
II.  an  academy,  &c.  Pop.  in  1890,  1095. 
Mount  Kosciusko,  kos-se-us'ko,  a  mountain  of  Aus- 
lia,  at  the  head  of  the  Murray.  Altitude,  7285  feet. 
Mount  Lafayette,  laf-i-yett',  New  Hampshire,  a  peak 
the  Franooniaor  White  Mountains,  in  Grafton  co.,  about 
miles  S.W.  of  Mount  Washington.  Altitude,  5250  feet. 
Mount  Land'ing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  Va.,  on 
)  Rappahannock  River,  about  50  miles  N.E.  of  Richmond. 
Mount  Lang'don,  New  Hampshire,  is  in  Bartlett 
rnship,  Carroll  co.,  near  the  Saco.  Altitude,  2460  feet. 
Hount  Laurel,  law'r?l,  a  post-haralet  of  Burlington 
,  N.J.,  about  15  miles  £.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a 
lends'  meeting-house. 

Mount  Laurel,  a  post-village  of  Halifax  co.,  Va., 
lilt  40  miles  N.E.  of  Danville.  It  has  2  churches. 
Mount  Leb'anon,  a  post-village  of  Bienville  parish, 
.,  about  50  miles  E.  of  Shreveport.  It  has  a  high  school, 
:hurches,  and  a  cotton-  and  woollen-factory.  Hero  are 
!  buildings  of  a  Baptist  university  (suspended).  P.  300. 
Mount  Lebanon,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co., 
r.,  1  mile  from  New  Lebanon,  and  about  22  miles  S.E. 
Albany.  Here  is  a  community  of  Shakers,  who  manu- 
ture  brooms,  chairs,  and  extracts. 

, Mount  Lebanon,  a  post-hamlet  in  Scott  township, 
iicghany  CO.,  Pa.,  about  5  miles  S.W.  of  Pittsburg,  and  li 
[les  from  Castle  Shannon  Station.  It  has  a  church. 
■Mount  Leidy,  li'dee,  AVyoming,  a  granitic  peak  of  the 
-ky  Mountains,  is  about  16  miles  E.  of  Mount  Hayden, 
.1  near  lat.  43°  44'  N.  and  Ion.  110°  37'  AV.  Its  altitude 
ill,300  feet  .above  the  level  of  the  sea.  The  summit  is  a 
lop  naked  rock. 

ttonnt  Leonard,  len'ard,  post-office,  S.aline  co.,  Mo., 
the  Chicago  &  Alton  R.aiiroad,  11  miles  AA'.  of  Marshall. 
>Iount  Lev'cl,  a  post-office  of  Bullock  co.,  Ala. 
^tfount  Lc'vi,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Ark. 
fttount  Lib'erty,  a  peak  in  Grafton  co.,  N.U.,  has  an 
-itude  of  about  4500  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.     Its 
limit  is  3  or  4  miles  from  the  Flume  House. 
•lount  Liberty,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co.,  Ind.,  11  or 
miles  W.  of  Columbus. 

>I()unt  Liberty,  a  post-office  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas. 
jUonnt  Liberty,  a  post-village  in  Liberty  township, 
iJgs  CO.,  0.,  on  the  Cleveland,  Mount  Vernon  &  Columbus 
I  Broad,  36  miles  N.N.E.  of  Columbus.    It  has  3  churches. 
*  ■».  about  200. 
Mount  Lillies,  lil'llz,  Colorado,  a  mountain  in  lat. 
17'  N.,  Ion.  105°  30'  12"  W.    It  has  an  altitude  of 
i»33  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

jllonnt  Lincoln,  link'un,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the 
■k  Range  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  about  11  miles 
jN.AV.  of  Fair  Play.  It  is  on  the  N.AV.  border  of  the 
«ith  Park.    Its  altitude  is  computed  to  bo  14,297  feet 


above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Lat.  39°  21'  8"  N.;  Ion.  106«^ 
6'  25"  AV.  A  silver-mine  has  been  opened  on  it  at  ai; 
altitude  of  14,000  feet  in  connection  with  Silurian  lime* 
stone  and  quartzite. 

Mount  Lindesay,  lin'zee,  a  mountain  in  East  Aus- 
tralia, about  55  miles  S.AV.  of  Morcton  Bay,  and  5700  feet 
above  the  sea. 

Mount  Linn,  California,  a  peak  of  the  Coast  Range, 
in  the  AV.  part  of  Tehama  co.,  near  lat.  40°  N. 

Mount  Look'out,  a  post-office  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Ala. 

Mount  Lookout,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  is 
in  the  1st  ward  of  Cincinnati,  near  the  Observatory,  1  mile 
from  Delta  Railroad  Station. 

Mount  Ly'cll,  California,  a  peak  of  the  Sierra  Nevada, 
is  on  the  boundary  between  Fresno  and  Mono  cos.,  near  lat. 
37°  45'  N.  and  Ion.  119°  AV.  The  summit  is  a  sharp  pin- 
nacle of  naked  granite,  the  altitude  of  which  is  13,217  feet 
above  the  sea-level. 

Mount  MacClel'lan,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Front 
Range,  about  9  miles  from  Georgetown.  Altitude,  13,423 
feet.     Silver  is  found  in  it. 

Mount  Mac'Intyre,  New  York,  a  peak  of  the  Adi- 
rondacks,  in  Essex  co.,  about  12  miles  AV.  of  Mount  Marcy. 
It  is  separated  from  the  AVall-Faced  Mountain  by  a  narrow 
gorge  called  the  Adirondack  Pass.  It  is  partly  formed  of 
hypersthene  or  granitic  rock,  and  is  5201  feet  high. 

Mount  MacMar'tin,  a  peak  of  the  Adirondacks,  in 
Essex  CO.,  N.Y.,  is  about  6  miles  AV.  of  Mount  Marcy,  rises 
boldly  from  Avalanche  Lake,  and  is  nearly  bisected  by  an 
enormous  dike,  which  cuts  through  the  mountain  nearly 
from  top  to  bottom.     Estimated  height,  5000  feet. 

Mount  Mad'ison,  New  Hampshire,  a  peak  of  tho 
AVhito  Mountains,  in  Coos  co.  Its  altitude  is  computed  to 
bo  5415  feet  above  tho  level  of  tho  sea.  It  is  a  few  miles 
N.  of  Mount  AVashington. 

Mount  Mans'field,  Vermont,  tho  highest  of  tho 
Green  Mountains,  is  in  tho  AV.  part  of  Lamoille  co.,  about 
24  miles  E.  by  N.  from  Burlington.  It  presents  three 
peaks,  called  the  Chin,  the  Nose,  and  tho  Forehead.  Tho 
highest  peak  has  an  altitude  of  4430  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  sea.  It  commands  a  very  extensive  and  beautiful 
prospect. 

Mount  Maravaca,  nil-rl-vi'ki,  of  Venezuela,  is  in 
lat.  3°  40'  N.,  Ion.  65°  50'  AV.,  and  estimated  by  Schom- 
burgk  at  from  10,000  to  11,000  feet  in  height. 

Mount  Mar^cel'lina,  Colorado,  an  isolated  peak,  in 
lat.  38°  56'  N.,  Ion.  107°  14'  AV.  Its  altitude  is  11,324  feet 
above  the  sea-level.     It  is  composed  of  trachyte. 

Mount  Mar'cy,  New  York,  in  Essex  co.,  is  a  peak  of 
tho  Adirondack  Mountains,  and  is  tho  highest  mountain  in 
the  state,  its  altitude  being  5407  feet  above  the  level  of  tho 
sea.  It  is  composed  chiefly  of  hypersthene  rock.  It  is 
about  22  miles  AV.  of  Lake  Champlain. 

Mount  Mas'sive,  a  peak  of  the  Saguache  Range  of 
the  Rocky  Mountains,  in  Lake  co..  Col.,  alaout  SO  miles  AA''. 
of  Fair  Play.     Its  altitude  is  stated  to  be  14,368  feet. 

Mount  Meigs,  mcgz,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  Ala.,  on  tho  AVestern  llailroad  of  Alabama,  13  miles  E. 
of  Montgomery.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  institute. 

Mount  Mclimoyu,  mfil-e-mo-yoo',  a  mountain  of  the 
Andes,  in  Patagonia,  near  tho  AV.  coast.  Lat.  44°  S.  Height, 
7400  feet. 

Mount  Mel'lick,  a  town  of  Ireland,  Queens  co.,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Grand  Canal,  6  miles  N.AV.  of  Maryborough, 
with  cotton  and  woollen  manufactures,  iron-  and  brass- 
works,  and  potteries.  It  has  a  branch  bank  and  2  weekly 
markets.     Pop.  3316. 

Mount  Merid'ian,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind., 
36  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Indianapolis.     Pop.  90. 

Mount  Meridian,  a  post-hamlet  of  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  .3 
miles  E.  of  AVeyer's  Cave  Railroad  Station.    It  has  a  church. 

Mount  Miltsin,  North  Africa.    See  Miltsee.v. 

Mount  Mitchell,  N.C.    See  Mitchell's  Peak. 

Mount  Mitch'ell,  the  loftiest  summit  of  the  Darling 
Downs,  East  Australia.     Lat.  28°  S.     Height,  4100  feet. 

Mount  Monroe,  mun-ro',  New  Hampshire,  a  peak  of 
tho  AVhite  Mountains,  in  Coos  co.,  about  3  miles  S•A\^  of 
Mount  AVashington.     Height,  5349  feet. 

Mount  MoVan',  a  peak  of  the  lloeky  Mountains,  in 
Uinta  CO.,  AVyoming,  near  lat.  43°  52'  N.  and  Ion.  111°  AV. 
It  is  about  7  miles  N.  of  Mount  Hayden,  and  2  miles  AV. 
of  Jackson's  Lake.  Its  altitude  is  12,809  feet  abovo  the 
level  of  the  sea.     It  belongs  to  the  Teton  Range. 

Mount  Mori'ah,  New  Hampshire,  a  peak  of  the 
AVhite  Mountains,  in  Coos  co.     Altitude,  4653  feet. 

Mount  Moriah,  a  village  of  Nevada  co..  Ark.,  is*  33 
miles  AV.  of  Camden.    It  has  a  church. 


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Jioaiit  Morinh«  a  post-offioo  of  BrowD  oo.,  Ind.,  about 
M  milea  S.  of  Indianapolis. 

Mount  Moriahf  a  po8t-haralot  of  Harrison  oo.,  Mo., 
on  the  Crooked  Fork  of  Urand  Kivor,  about  44  uiilcii  N.  by 
W.  of  Cljiliicothe. 

Mouut  Muriah,  a  station  on  the  Philadelphia,  Wil- 
mington &  Itiiitiniuro  Uailroud,  at  Mount  Moriiih  Couiotery, 
3}  miles  S.W.  of  the  initial  station  in  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Mount  Moriahf  a  post-oflioo  of  Anderson  co.,  Tunn. 

Mount  Mor'ris,  a  post-viliuge  in  Mount  Morris  town- 
ship, 0;{lu  CO.,  III.,  on  tlie  Chicago  &  Iowa  Railroad,  IDS 
wiles  W.  by  N.  of  Chicago,  and  24  luiios  S.W.  of  Uookford. 
It  contains  2  churches,  the  Uook  Kivor  Seminary  and  Col- 
logiate  Institute  (with  a  stone  building  of  four  stories),  a 
newspaper  office,  and  a  money-order  post-office.  Pop. 
about  lUOU;  of  the  township,  1455. 

Mount  Morris,  a  post-village  of  Oonosoo  co.,  Mich., 
In  Genesee  and  Mount  Morris  townships,  on  the  Flint  & 
Pero  Marquette  Ilailroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Flint.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  foundry,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  grain-elevators. 
Pon.  about  600;  of  the  township,  1349. 

Mount  MorriS)  a  post-village  in  Mount  Morris  town- 
ship, Livingston  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Genesee  Valley  Canal, 
and  on  the  Dansville  &  Mount  Morris  Branch  of  the  Erie 
Kailroad,  34  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Rochester,  14  miles  E.  of 
Warsaw,  and  15  miles  N.W.  of  Dansville.  It  contains  5 
churches,  an  academy  and  union  school,  2  banks,  2  news- 
paper oflices,  a  foundry,  a  planing-mill,  a  saw-mill,  a 
machine-shop,  and  3  flouring-mills.  Pop.  193U;  of  the 
township,  3S17.  The  Genesee  River  flows  along  the  W. 
border  of  the  township. 

Mount  Morris,  a  post-village  in  Perry  township, 
Greene  co.,  Pa.,  on  Dunkard  Creek,  about  60  miles  S.  of 
Pittsburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  2  flouring- 
mills,  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Mount  Morris,  a  post-hamlet  in  Mount  Morris  town- 
ship, Waushara  co.,  Wis.,  about  36  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Osh- 
kosh.     It  has  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  5SS. 

Mount  Mourne,  moorn,  a  post-village  of  Iredell  co., 
N.C.,  on  the  Atlantic,  Tennessee  &  Ohio  Railroad,  27  miles 
N.  of  Charlotte.  It  has  a  church,  a  public  hall,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  steam  lumber-mill. 

Mount  Mur'phy,  post-office,  Pocahontas  co.,  W.  Va. 

Mount  Ne'bo,  in  Middlebury  township,  Addison  co., 
Vt.,  commands  a  fine  view  of  Lake  Champlain. 

Mount  Nebo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yadkin  co.,  N.C.,  30 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Winston.     It  has  2  stores  and  9  families. 

Mount  Nebo,  a  post-hamlet  in  Martic  township,  Lan- 
caster CO.,  Pa.,  about  12  miles  S.  of  Lancaster  City,  and  2i 
miles  from  Pequea  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  edge-tools,  furniture,  and  cigars, 

3Iount  of  01'ives,a  celebrated  hill  of  Palestine,  about 
half  a  mile  E.  of  Jerusalem.  Its  summit  commands  one 
of  the  finest  views  that  can  be  obtained  of  the  city. 

Mount  Ol'ive,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coosa  co.,  Ala.,  about 
64  miles  N.  of  Montgomery.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mount  Olive,  a  post-hamlet  of  Izard  co..  Ark.,  is  on 
White  River,  about  35  miles  N.W.  of  Batesville. 

Mount  Olive,  a  post-village  in  Staunton  township, 
Macoupin  co.,  III.,  near  the  Wabash  Railroad,  at  Drum- 
mond  Station,  6S  miles  S.W.  of  Decatur.  Coal  is  mined 
near  this  place. 

Mount  Olive,  a  post-hamlet  of  Covington  co..  Miss., 
about  54  miles  S.S.E.  of  Jackson.  It  has  2  churches  and 
an  academy. 

Mount  Olive,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Louis  co..  Mo.,  2 
miles  from  Rosedale  Station,  and  8  miles  from  St.  Louis. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  hotel. 

Mount  Olive,  a  post-hamlet  in  Mount  Olive  township, 
Morris  co.,  N.J.,  2  miles  from  Flanders  Station,  and  about 
15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Morristown.  It  has  2  churches,  and 
mines  of  iron  ore. 

Mount  Olive,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  N.C.,  on 
the  Wilmington  &  Weldon  Railroad,  70  miles  N.  of  Wil- 
mington. It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy.  Pop. 
about  300. 

Mount  Olive,  a  post-office  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  about 
30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cincinnati. 

Mount  Olive,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shenandoah  co.,  Va., 
3i  miles  from  Tom's  Brook. 

Mount  Olive,  a  hamlet  in  Jackson  co.,  W.  Va.,  4  miles 
E.  of  Ripley.     It  has  a  church. 

Alount  Olive,  a  post-bamlot  of  Mason  co.,  W.  Va., 
about  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Charleston.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mount  Ol'iver,  a  post-village  in  Lower  St.  Clair 
township,  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  about  2  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg. 
It  has  a  church. 


Mount  Ol'ivct,  post-offloo,  Leavenworth  oo.,  Kadmi 

Mount  Olivet,  a  post-village,  capitul  of  RuUru.j 
CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  North  Fork  of  the  Licking  Kivor,  about  i 
miles  S.W.  of  Maysville,  and  60  miles  N.E.  of  Lexiiigtoi 
It  has  an  aciuloniy,  4  churches,  a  newspaper  ofllco,  a  ploujcl 
factory,  and  4  large  tobacco-warehouses.     Pop.  about  iuu 

Mouut  Olivet,  a  hamlet  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  8  uil( 
from  Barncsville.     It  has  2  ohurcho.".     Pop.  84. 

Mount  Olivet,  a  post-office  of  McLennan  co.,  Tex 

Mount  Olyin'pus,  Washington,  is  in  the  N.  part  o 
Jefferson  co.,  about  lat.  47°  50'  N.  Altitude,  Sias  fo. 
above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Mount  O'rab,  a  post-village  of  Brown  co.,  0.,  in  Grce 
township,  on  the  Cincinnati  <t  Eastern  Kailroad,  3d  mil< 
E.  of  Cincinnati.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  steam  eaw-mij 

Mouut  Or'nuo,  Colonvdo,  a  peak  in  the  N.  ])art  of  il 
state,  about  C  miles  X.  of  Dome  Mountain.  It  is  near  la 
40°  5'  N.     Altitude,  12,185  foot. 

Mount  Os'car,  a  post-village  in  Vaudreuil  oo.,  Qui 
bee,  5  miles  from  Rigaud.     Pop.  100. 

Mount  Os^ceoMa,  a  peak  in  Watorvillo  townihii 
Grafton  co.,  N.ll.  Its  altitude  is  estimated  at  44U0  fei 
above  the  sea-level.     It  commands  an  extensive  view. 

Mount  O'so,  Colorado,  a  mountain  in  the  S.W.  part  o 
the  state,  near  the  N.E.  corner  of  La  Plata  co.,  has  an  alt 
tudeof  13.640  feet  above  the  sea-level.  Lat.  37°  36' 2«"  N 
long.  107°  29'  A\'. 

Mount  O'tlirys,  the  ancient  name  of  IIcllovo,  a  moui 
tain-chain  of  Uicoco.     See  Uellovo. 

Mouut  Ouray,  oo'ra',  Colorado,  the  most  souther 
peak  of  the  Saguache  Range,  near  the  N.  boundary  o 
Saguacho  co.,  is  about  24  miles  N.  of  Saguache  villagi 
Height,  14,043  feet  above  sea-level. 

Mount  Pacurainia,  or  Serra  Pacaraima,  sin 
ni,  ])4-ki-ri'mi,  an  isolated  mountain  of  Brazil,  near  tl 
Parima.     Lat.  3°  38'  N. ;  Ion.  63°  8'  W. 

Mount  Pal'atine,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co..  Ill 
about  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  La  Salle.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mount  Par'ncI,  a  po^^t-hamlct  of  Franklin  oo..  Pa 
about  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Charaoorsburg. 

Mount  Par'ry,  a  mountain  in  California,  lat.  39°  fii 
20"  N.,  Ion.  105°  42'  32"  W.  It  has  an  altitude  of  13,13 
feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Mount  Par'thcnon,  a  post-office  of  Newton  co.,  Arl 

Mount  Pat'rick,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co..  Pa. 

Mount  Peale,  peel,  Colorado,  a  peak  in  the  W.  pa 
of  the  state,  near  lat.  38°  26'  N.,  Ion.  109°  13'  W.,  has  a 
altitude  of  12,980  feet. 

Mount  Pe'lia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Weakley  co.,  Tcnn 
about  60  miles  N.  of  Jackson.     It  has  a  church. 

Mount  Per'ry,  a  post-village  in  Madison  townsbi] 
Perry  co.,  0.,  4  miles  from  Chalfont  Station,  and  about  1 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Zanesvillo.  It  has  2  churches,  an  acadcin; 
and  a  flour-mill. 

Mount  Pin'son,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ala 
about  13  miles  N.  of  Birmingham. 

Mount  Pisgah,  piz'ga,  Colorado,  a  mountain  of  tt 
Front  Range,  in  lat.  38°  4o'  15"  N.,  Ion.  105°  13'  \V.  1 
has  an  altitude  of  9343  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Mount  Pisgah,  a  post-office  of  White  co.,  Ark.,  aboi 
24  miles  S.  of  Batesville. 

Mount  Pisgah,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lagrange  co.,  Ind 
8  miles  S.E.  of  La  Grange. 

Mount  Pisgah,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co.,  Iowa. 

Mount  Pisgah,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Ky.,  4 
miles  from  Somerset.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-milL 

Mount  Pisgiih,  a  post-office  of  Alexander  co.,  N.C. 

Mount  Pisgah,  a  post-office  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  abot 
20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cincinnati. 

Mount  Pisgah,  a  post-hamlct  of  Monroe  co.,  Wis 
about  25  miles  E.  of  La  Crosse.  It  is  11  miles  S.W.  o 
Norwalk  Station. 

Mount  Pitt,  Oregon,  a  conical  peak  of  the  Cascad 
Range,  is  on  the  E.  border  of  Jackson  co.,  about  8  miles  ^V 
of  Klamath  Lake.  Its  height  is  said  to  be  abou.  10,60 
feet  above  the  sea.     It  is  of  volcanic  formation. 

Mount  Pleasant,  pISz'ant,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monro 
CO.,  Ala.,  about  60  miles  N.N.E.  of  Mobile. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  post-hamlet  of  New  Castle  CO.,  Del 

on  the  Delaware  Railroad,  21  miles  S.S.W.  of  WilmingtoE 
Many  peaches  are  shipped  here. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co. 
D.C.,  2i  miles  from  Washington  City.  It  has  a  church 
Pop.  about  500. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  post-village  of  Gadsden  co.,  Fla, 
on  the  Jacksonville,  Pensacola  &  Mobile  Railroad,  33  milo 
N.W.  of  Tallahassee.  I 


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itionnt  Pleasant,  a  post-hamlct  of  Glynn  co.,  Ga.,  on 
c  Macon  &  Brunswick  llailroad,  at  Buffalo  Station,  20 
lies  N.N.W.  of  Brunswiclt.     It  has  2  churches. 
Monnt  Pleasant,  a  station  in  Jackson  co.,  111.,  on 
e  Grand  Tower  &  Carbondale  llailroad,  9  miles  W.  of 

irbondale.  ,  .     ,  „  .  t„ 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  ill., 

)out  32  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Cairo.     It  has  2  churches,  a. 

ist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  85, 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  township  of  Whiteside  co..  111. 

)p.  30S0.     It  contains  Morrison. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  Ind. 
op.  1880. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  Ind., 
)Out  32  miles  X.W.  of  Richmond. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  hamlet  of  Martin  co.,  Ind.,  on 
le  E.ast  Fork  of  AVhito  River,  36  miles  E.  of  Vincennes. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  Ind.,  about 
)  miles  N.E.  of  Cannelton. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Henry  co., 
)wa,  on  the  Burlington  <fc  Missouri  River  llailroad,  28 

iles  AV.N.W.  of  Burlington,  and  47  miles  E.  of  Otturawa. 

is  the  seat  of  the  Iowa  Wcsleyan  University  (Methodist 
piscopal),  which  was  organized  in  1835.  The  town  con- 
.ins  the  Mount  Pleasant  Female  Seminary,  the  Iowa  IIos- 
ital  for  the  Insane,  an  academy,  2  national  banks,  14 
lurches,  and  2  or  3  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  (1890)  1603. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  post-village  in  Mount  Pleasant 
)wnship,  Atchison  co.,  Kansas,  8  miles  S.  of  Atchison,  and 
30ut  16  miles  N.W.  of  Leavenworth.     It  has  a  church, 

stores,  gas-works,  2  flour-mills,  a  tannery,  and  manufac- 
iries  of  sash,  blinds,  and  woollen  goods.  The  township  is 
rained  by  the  Stranger  River,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1357. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  township  of  Labette  co.,  Kansas. 
'op,  31)6. 

.Mount  Pleasant,  a  hamlet  of  Trimble  co.,  Ky.,  10 
liles  from  Madison,  Ind.     It  has  a  church. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  post-office  of  Caldwell  parish.  La. 

Mount  Pfeasant,  a  post-village  of  Frederick  co., 
W.,  2  miles  from  Georgetown  Station,  and  about  44  miles 
r.N.W.  of  Baltimore.    It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  about  120. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  station  on  the  Fall  River  <fc  New 
Bedford  Railroad,  2  miles  from  New  Bedford,  Mass. 
'  Mount  Pleasant,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Isabella 
>.,  Mich.,  in  Union  township,  on  the  Chippewa  River, 
Ibout  46  miles  W.  of  Bay  City,  and  18  miles  N.W.  of  St. 
•  lOuis.  It  has  2  banking-houses,  a  brick  court-house,  2  ncws- 
;ipcr  offices,  4  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  flour, 
:;ne?,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  1115;  in  1890,  2701. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  township  of  Wabasha  co.,  Minn. 
'op.  693. 

j  Mount  Pleasant,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co., 
[liss.,  about  15  miles  N.  of  Holly  Springs.  It  has  2 
hurehcs. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  hamlet  of  AYilkinson  co..  Miss., 
2  miles  E.  of  Woodville. 

i  Mount  Pleasant,  a  township  of  Bates  co.,  Mo.    Pop. 
688.    It  contains  Butler. 
Mount  Pleasant,  township,  Cass  co..  Mo.    Pop.  712. 
Mount  Pleasant,  a  post-village  of  Gentry  co.,  Mo., 
In  a  branch  of  Grand  River,  10  miles  W.  of  Albany,  and 
bout  48  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Joseph.     It  has  a  church. 
[  Monnt  Pleasant,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  Mo. 
fop.  1853.    See  also  Pleasant  Mount. 
Mount  Pleasant,  a  township  of  Scotland  co..  Mo. 
'op.  1230. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co..  Neb., 
ear  Weeping  AVater  Creek,  about  32  miles  S.  of  Omaha.  It 
as  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

J  Mount  Pleasant,  a  station  in  Seward  co..  Neb.,  on 
.'he  Midland  Pacific  Railroad,  18  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lincoln. 
^  Mount  Pleasant,  a  station  in  Dennis  township.  Cape 
flay  CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  AVest  Jersey  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  by 
h.  of  Cape  May  Court-llouse. 
Mount  Pleasant,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hunterdon  co., 
'•J.,  32  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Trenton.  It  has  a  flour-mill. 
Mount  Pleasant,  a  hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  i  mile 
jrotn  Port  Oram,  and  3  miles  N.AV.  of  Dover  Station.  It 
-108  valuable  iron-mines. 

f  Mount  Pleasant,  a  post-office  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y. 
'  Mount  Pleasant,  a  hamlet  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  17 
fniles  N.AV.  of  Saratoga  Springs.  It  has  3  steam  saw-mills. 
Mount  Pleasant,  a  station  in  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Jlster  &  Delaware  Railroad,  21  miles  W.N.W.  of  Rondout. 
I  Mount  Pleasant,  a  township  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y., 
|n  the  Hudson  River.  Pop.  5189.  It  contains  Beekman- 
fown,  Pleasantvill^,  Sleepy  Hollow,  Ac 


Mount  Pleasant,  a  post-village  in  Mount  Pleasant 
township,  Cabarrus  co.,  N.C.,  9  miles  E.  of  Concord,  and  30 
miles  N.E.  of  Charlotte.  It  contains  the  North  Carolina 
College  (Lutheran),  which  was  organized  in  1859, 2  churches, 
and  a  female  seminary.     Pop.  400  ;  of  tlie  township,  1332. 

Mount  Pleasant,  or  Mount  Healthy,  a  village 
of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  in  Springfield  township,  2^  miles  from 
College  Hill  Station,  and  10  miles  N.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has 
several  churches,  a  carriage-factory,  and  general  stores. 
Here  is  Mount  Healthy  Post-Offlce. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  post-village  in  Mount  Pleasant 
township,  Jefi"erson  co.,  0.,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Wheeling, 
AV.  Va.,  about  5  miles  from  the  Ohio  River,  and  13  miles 
S.E.  of  Cadiz.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  national  bank,  a 
boarding-school  of  the  Friends,  a  union  school,  and  several 
mills.     Pop.  750;  of  the  township,  2327. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  post-hamlet  of  Linn  co.,  Oregon, 
near  the  N.  Fork  of  Santiam  River,  10  miles  E.  of  Marion 
Station,  and  24  miles  S.E.  of  Salem.     It  has  a  church. 

Monnt  Pleasant,  township,  Adams  co..  Pa.    P.  1947. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  station  in  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  on  tho 
Tyrone  <fc  Clearfield  Railroad,  1 1  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Tyrone. 

iMount  Pleasant,  a  township  of  Columbia  co..  Pa. 
Pop.  751. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  station  in  Elk  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Low  (irade  Railroad,  1.3  miles  AV.  of  Driftwood. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  station  on  the  Germantown  & 
Chestnut  Hill  llailroad,  8  miles  from  Philadelphia. 

iMount  Pleasant,  a  township  of  AA'ashington  co.,  Pa. 
Pop.  1321.     It  has  an  abundance  of  good  coal. 

Mount  Pleasant,  township,  AVayne  co..  Pa.   P.  1952. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  post-borough  in  Mount  Pleasant 
township,  AA'estmoreland  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Mount  Pleasant 
Branch  of  the  Pittsburg,  AVashington  &  Baltimore  llail- 
road, 12  miles  N.  of  Connellsville,  and  about  32  miles  S.E. 
of  Pittsburg.  It  has  7  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  2  banks, 
a  classical  institute,  and  several  manufactures  of  coke.  Coal 
is  mined  near  it.    Pop.  ( 1890)  3052  ;  of  the  township,  7788. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort 
of  Charleston  co.,  S.C,  on  Charleston  Bay  or  Harbor,  about 
6  miles  E.  of  Charleston.  It  has  3  churches  and  4  schools, 
also  several  colored  churches. 

Monnt  Pleasant,  a  post-village  of  Maury  co..  Tenn., 
11  miles  S-.AV.  of  Columbia.  It  has  the  Mount  Pleasant 
Institute,  3  churches,  and  1  or  2  flour-mills. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Titus  co., 
Te.xas,  about  45  miles  N.AV.  of  Jefierson.  It  hiis  a  nows- 
paper  office,  and  a  money-order  post-office.    P.  (1890)  963. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  post-village  of  San  Peie  co., 
Utah,  is  near  the  AV^.  base  of  the  Wnhsatch  Range  of  moun- 
tains, 45  miles  S.S.E.  of  York  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  in  1880,  2004;  in  1890,  2254. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  station  in  Prince  AA'illiam  co., 
Va.,  on  the  Alexandria  &  Fredericksburg  Railroad,  9  miles 
N.  of  Quantico. 

Monnt  Pleasant,  a  post-hamlet  of  Spottsylvania  co., 
Va.,  about  48  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Richmond. 

Monnt  Pleasant,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVebster  co.,  AV, 
Va.,  is  on  a  mountain  50  miles  S.  of  Clarksburg.    Pop.  100. 

Mount  Pleasant,  township.  Green  co.,  AVis.    P.  1110. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  township  of  Racine  co.,  AVis. 
Pop.  2341. 

Mount  Pleasant,  Brant  co.,  Ontario.     See  Mohawk. 

Mount  Pleasant,  a  post-village  in  Durham  co.,  On- 
tario, 8  miles  N.  of  Millbrook.  It  contains  2  churches,  a 
carding-mill,  an  iron-foundry,  flour-,  oat-,  and  saw-mills, 
and  5  stores.     Pop.  200. 

Mount  Pleasant  Mills,  post-office,  Snj'dcr  co..  Pa. 

Mount  Pow'ell,  Colorado,  is  a  peak  of  the  Park 
Range,  in  lat.  39°  45'  19"  N.,  Ion.  106°  20'  3"  AV,  It  has 
an  altitude  of  13,398  feet. 

Mount  Prince'ton,  Colorado,  a  granitic  peak  of  the 
Saguache  Range,  near  lat.  38°  45'  N.  Altitude,  14,199 
feet.     It  is  about  20  miles  S.  of  Granite. 

Mount  Pros'pect,  or  Browns'town,  a  post-hamlet 
of  Crawford  co.,  Ind.,  about  38  miles  AV.  by  N.  of  New  Al- 
bany,    rt  has  several  churches. 

Mount  Prospect,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  N.C, 

Mount  Pulaski,  pu-las'kee,  a  post-village  of  Logan 
CO.,  111.,  in  Mount  Pulaski  township,  on  the  (Jiluian,  Clinton 
<t  Springfield  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Pekin  Branch  of 
tho  AVabash  Railroad.  It  is  24  miles  N.E.  of  Springfield, 
21  miles  N.AV.  of  Decatur,  and  11  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lincoln. 
It  has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  and  7 
churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  1357;  of  the  township,  2606. 

Mount  Put'nam,  Idaho,  formerly  Sublette's 
Peak,  is  in  Oneida  co.,  about  12  miles  S.  of  Fort  Hull, 


MOU 


1910 


MOU 


and  near  Ut.  43°  N.  Its  altitude  is  8364  foot  above  the 
lovol  of  the  soa.  It  is  mostly  ooraposed  of  carboniforous 
and  Silurian  limestones.     Largo  pine  timber  grows  on  it. 

Mount  Uniiiicr,  r&'nour,  or  Takho'niu,  Washing- 
ton, one  of  tho  highest  peaks  of  the  Cascade  Ilange,  is  in 
the  S.  part  of  Pierce  co.  Lat.  about  46"  47'  N. ;  Ion.  121° 
30'  \Y.  Its  height  is  estimated  ut  14,444  feet  above  the 
Bea-Ievel.  It  is  xaid  to  be  of  volcanic  origin.  Its  sides  ore 
partly  covered  with  forests  of  large  pine  and  fir  trees. 

Mouiit'rath,  a  town  of  Ireland,  Queen's  co.,  14  miles 
E.N.K.  uf  Hoscrca.  It  has  a  monastery  and  nunnery,  and 
manufactures  of  cottons  and  worsteds.     Pop.  1903. 

Alount  Read,  reed,  a  post-of&co  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  2 
miles  from  Charlotte. 

Mount  Ued'ficid,  a  peak  of  the  Adirondacks,  in 
Essex  CO.,  N.Y.     Altitude,  40S3  feet  above  sea-level. 

Mount  Repose,  ro-puz',  a  post-office  of  Clermont  co.,  0. 

Mount  Ri'ga,  a  post-otfice  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  New  York  &,  Harlem  and  llhinebock  <t  Connecticut 
Railroads,  4  miles  N.  of  Millorton. 

Mount  Rip'Icy,  California,  a  peak  of  the  Coast  Range, 
on  the  E.  boundary  of  Clear  Lake  co.,  near  hit.  39°  10'  N. 
It  rises  about  7500  feet  above  tho  level  of  the  sea. 

Mount  Rito  Alto,  ree'to  al'to,  Colorado,  a  mountain 
of  tho  Sangre  de  Cristo  llange,  in  the  S.  central  part  of  the 
state.     Height,  12,989  feet  above  sca-lcvol. 

Mount  Rock,  a  post-hamlct  of  Cumberland  co..  Pa.,  2 
miles  from  Kerrsville  Station,  and  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Car- 
lisle.    It  has  a  church  and  about  20  houses. 

Mount  Rose,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  N.J.,  about 
12  miles  N.  of  Trenton.     Pop.  94. 

Mount  Ross,  a  post-Iiamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Ilhinebeck  &  Connecticut  Railroad,  about  50  miles  S.  by 
E.  of  Albany.     It  hits  manufactures  of  flour  and  vinegar. 

Mount  Ros'zcll,  a  post-office  of  Limestone  co.,  Ala. 

Mount  Roy,  a  post-office  of  lirown  co.,  Kansas. 

Mount  Roy'al,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co.,  Fla. 

Mount  Royal,  a  post-hamlet  in  Dover  township, 
York  CO.,  Pa.,  10  miles  N.W.  of  York.     It  has  a  church. 

Mount  Roy'al,  a  very  picturesque  mountain  on  tho 
outskirts  of  Montreal,  Canada,  whoso  most  elevated  point 
is  750  feet  above  the  level  of  tho  river.  The  slopes  on  the 
lower  part  are  well  cultivated,  but  the  upper  part  is  mostly 
covered  with  wood.  The  summit,  to  which  there  is  a  good 
road  of  very  easy  ascent,  commands  a  grand  prospect,  and 
the  bitse  is  adorned  with  many  elegant  villas  and  pleasure- 
grounds.  Mount  Royal  Cemetery  (Protestant)  lies  in  a 
picturesque  position  on  the  St.  Laurent  side  of  the  moun- 
tain, and  tho  Roman  Catholic  cemetery  on  the  Cote  des 
Neiges  side,  near  where  tho  road  crosses  the  spur  of  the 
mountain  that  overlooks  the  city.  On  the  side  of  the 
mountain  facing  the  city  is  a  fine  reservoir,  belonging  to 
the  city  water-works,  cleft  out  of  the  rock;  immediately 
below  it  is  McQill  University.  Mount  Royal  has  been  ex- 
propriated for  a  city  park. 

Mount  Saint  Au$;ustine.    See  OncHonoANAT. 

Mount  Saint  Eli'as  (anc.  Tai/fjeiaa),  a  mountain  of 
Greece,  Morea,  government  of  Laconia,  in  Maina,  10  miles 
6.W.  of  Mistra.     Height,  7S29  feet. 

Mount  Saint  Elias  (anc.  O'cha),  a  mountain  of 
Greece,  near  the  S.E.  extremity  of  the  island  of  Eubcea. 
Height,  4607  feet.  Here  have  been  discovered  the  remains 
of  a  temple  of  Neptune. 

Mount  Saint  Elias,  a  mountain  of  Greece,  island  of 
Zea  or  Ceos.     Lat.  37°  37'  18"  N.;  Ion.  24°  21'  45"  E. 

Mount  Saint  Elias,  a  mountain  of  Greece,  island  of 
Milo  (Melos).     Height,  2480  feet. 

Mount  Saint  Elias,  a  mountain  of  Greece,  island  of 
Paros,  Grecian  Archipelago.     Lat.  37°  N.;  Ion.  25°  11'  E. 

Mount  Saint  Elias,  a  mountain  of  Greece,  Santa 
Maura,  one  of  the  Ionian  Islands,  4i  miles  S.W.  of  Amaxichi. 
Height,  3000  feet. 

Mount  Saint  Elias,  the  highest  peak  of  the  island 
of  Santorini,  Grecian  Archipelago,  at  the  S.E.  extremity  of 
the  island.  Lat.  36°  22'  N.;  Ion.  25°  28'  45"  E.  It  is  of 
limestone  or  marble  formation,  and  1887  feet  high. 

Mount  Saint  Elias,  a  peak  on  tho  S.  part  of  the 
island  of  ^gina,  1752  feet  high. 

Mount  Saint  Eli'as,  a  volcanic  mountain  of  North 
America,  stands  on  the  boundary  between  Alaska  and 
British  Columbia,  a  few  miles  from  the  Pacific  Ocean.  It 
is  in  lat.  60°  18'  N.,  and  Ion.  140°  30'  W.  Its  altitude  is 
Baid  to  be  17,000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  but,  accord- 
ing to  Guyot,  it  is  14,970  feet. 

Mount  Saint  Gothard.    See  Saixt  Gothard. 

Mount  Saint  Helen's.    See  Saint  Helen's. 

Mount  Saint  Mary's  College.    See  Emuittsburo. 


Mount  Saint  Louis,  s^nt  loo'eo,  a  post-villoM 
Simcoe  CO.,  Ontario,  on  Sturgeon  River,  20  miles  N. 
13arrie.     It  contains  2  stores.     Pop.  100. 

Mount  Saint  Vin'cent,  a  station  on  the  Iludw 
River  Railroad,  and  on  tho  Hudson  River,  IJ  miles  bclu 
Y'onkers,  N.Y'.  Here  is  the  mother-house  of  the  prinoio 
congregation  of  Sisters  of  Charity  for  the  United  Kt«l< 
also  a  large  Catholic  academy. 

Mount  Sa'Icm,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Ky. 
miles  S.W.  of  Stanford.    Here  is  a  church.  ' 

Mount  Salem,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wantage  townohi 
Sussex  CO.,  N.J.,  about  C  miles  S.E.  of  Port  Jervis,  N.Y. 
has  a  church,  a  distillery,  and  a  carri.igo-factory. 

Mount  San  Bernardino,  s&n  bfir-nar-doe'no,  in  tl 
S.  part  of  California,  about  75  miles  E.  of  Los  Angeles 
a  mountain-peak  which  rises  to  the  height  of  8500  feet.' 

Mount  San  Francis'co,  a  mountain  of  Yavnpai'w 
Arizona,  75  miles  N.E.  of  Prescott,  12,052  feet  high. 

Mount  Snntanoni,  san'ti>-no'nee,  or  Sandnnoni 
san'da-no'na,  a  peak  of  tho  Adirondack  Mountains,  in  tl 
W.  part  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y'.,  about  16  miles  S.W.  of  Mom 
Marcy.     Its  height  is  estimated  at  4644  feet. 

Mount  Sav'age,  a  post-office  of  Carter  co.,  Ky.,  on  tl 
Eastern  Kentucky  Railroad,  28  miles  S.  of  lUvcrton. 

Mount  Savage,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.,  Md 
is  near  the  mountain  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the  Gun 
berland  &  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  8  or  9  miles  N.W.  ( 
Cumberland.  It  has  3  or  4  churches,  a  foundry,  and 
machine-shop.  Coal  is  mined  near  this  place,  and  very  e 
cellent  fire-bricks  are  made  here. 

Mount  Savage  Junction,  in  Alleghany  co.,  M( 
5  miles  E.  of  Mount  Savage,  at  tho  junction  of  the  Pitt 
burg  &  Connellsville  Railroad  with  the  Cumberland  A  Pio 
mont  Railroad. 

Mount's  Bay,  nn  inlet  of  the  Atlantic,  on  the  e. 
trcme  S.W.  coast  of  England,  co.  of  Cornwall,  between  tl 
two  large  promontories  (Horns  of  Cornwall)  respective 
terminating  in  the  Land's  End  and  Lizard  Point.  In  it 
St.  Michael's  Mount. 

Mount's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Jelferson  c< 
Tenn. 

3Iount  Sew'ard,  New  Y'ork,  a  peak  of  the  Adiroi 
dacks,  in  the  S.  part  of  Franklin  Co.,  about  6  miles  W.  ^ 
the  Adirondack  Pass.  It  is  near  lat.  44°  10'  N.  Its  &1I 
tude  is  about  5000  feet  above  tho  level  of  the  sea. 

Mount  Seymour,  see'mur,  a  peak  of  th»*  Adirondack 
in  Franklin  co.,  N.\'.     Altitude,  3928  feet  above  the  sea. 

Mount  Shas'ta,  a  volcanic  peak  in  Siski3-ou  co.,  Ca 
about  lat.  41°  25'  N.,  and  at  the  northern  extremity  of  tl 
Sierra  Nevada,  is  an  extinct  volcano  of  a  regular  conic 
form,  and  has  an  altitude  of  14,440  feet  above  the  level  < 
the  sea.  The  ascent  of  the  mountain  is  not  difficult  to  oi 
who  possesses  sound  lungs  and  sufficient  nniscular  pew- 
and  is  accustomed  to  climbing  mountains,  lielow  the  tin 
ber-line  the  slopes  are  covered  with  forests  of  fir  and  pit 
trees  of  enormous  size,  some  of  which  are  300  feet  higo. 

Mount  Shasta,  a  post-office  of  Siskiyou  co.,  Cal.,  1^ 
miles  N.  of  Red  Bluff. 

Mount  Shavano,  shl-vl'no,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  tl 
Saguache  Range,  near  lat.  38°  37'  N.  Altitude,  aboi 
14,000  feet. 

Mount  Sher'man,  a  post-office  of  La  Rue  co.,  Ky.,( 
miles  S.  of  Louisville. 

Mount  Sid'ney,  a  post- village  of  Augusta  co„  Va.,c 
the  railro.id  from  Harrisonburg  to  Staunton,  11  miles  N.l 
of  Staunton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mount  Sinai,  Arabia.    See  Sinai. 

Mount  Sinai,  si'n^,  a  post-village  in  Brookhaven  towi 
ship,  Suffolk  CO.,  N.Y.,'on  Long  Island  Sound,  2  miles  E.( 
Port  Jefferson.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  windmill.  It  b: 
a  good  but  shallow  harbor,  and  a  large  trade  in  shell-flsh. 

Mount  Sky'light,  a  peak  of  the  Adirondacks,  i 
Essex  CO.,  N.Y.,  has  an  altitude  of  4967  feet  above  the  sea 

Mount  Snerfels,  Colorado,  in  lat.  38°  N.,  Ion.  107 
47'  21"  W.,  about  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Silverton,  has  nn  alt 
tude  of  14,158  feet  above  the  sea-level.  The  upper  portio 
of  this  peak  is  composed  of  trachyte.  , 

Mount  So'lon,  a  post-village  of  Augusta  co.,  'Na 
about  110  miles  W.N.W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  wate; 
power  and  several  mills. 

Mount  Sor'rcl  (properly  Mount  Soar-IIill), 
town  of  England,  co.  of  Leicester,  on  tho  Soar,  and  on 
branch  railway,  7  miles  N.  of  Leicester.    Pop.  19'J5. 

Mount  Ster'ling,  a  post-village  of  Choct.aw  co.,  Ala 
about  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Demopolis.  It  has  2  churcbi 
and  a  seminary. 

Mount  Sterling,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Brown  co 


i 


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1911 


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III.,  in  Mount  Sterling  township,  on  the  AVabash  Railroad, 
39  iniles  E.  by  N.  of  Quincy,  and  40  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Jack- 
Bonville.  It  has  6  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  high 
school,  2  banks,  and  a  Uuur-mill.  Pup.  in  1890,  1655;  of 
the  township,  2822. 

Mount  Sterling,  a  post-hamlet  of  Switzerland  co., 
Ind.  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Madison,  and  3  miles  from  the 
Oliio  River.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mount  Sterling,  a  post-village  in  Vernon  township, 
Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa,  on  Fox  River,  and  on  the  Ijurlington 
A  Southwestern  Railroad,  56  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Burlington. 
It  has  a  church,  2  hotels,  and  5  stores. 

Mount  Sterling,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Mont- 
gomery CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  Lexington  &  Big  Sandy  Railroad, 
•Si  miles  E.  of  Lexington.  Another  railroad  extends  from 
this  place  to  Cornwell.  It  has  several  churches,  2  national 
banks,  1  other  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  money -order  post- 
office,  a  planing-mill,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  furni- 
ture. Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  2087;  in  1890,  H629. 

Mount  Sterling,  a  township  of  Pettis  co.,  Mo.  Pop. 
6305,  inclusive  of  Sedalia. 

Mount  Sterling,  a  post-office  of  Haywood  co.,  N.C. 

Mount  Sterling,  a  post-village  in  Pleasant  township, 
JIadison  co.,  0.,  on  Deer  Creek,  about  24  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Columbus.  It  has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  3  churches, 
and  a  town  hall.     Pop.  389. 

Mount  Sterling,  a  village  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.,  in 
Hopewell  township,  8  miles  W.  of  Zanesville.  It  has  a 
church,  a  graded  school,  and  a  pottery.  Pop.  about  250. 
Here  is  Hopewell  Post-Offico. 

Mount  Sterling,  a  post-village  in  Utica  township, 
Crawford  CO.,  AVis.,  about  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  La  Crosse.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Mount  Stew'art,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co..  Prince 
Edward  Island,  on  the  Hillsborough  River,  and  on  the 
Prince  Edward  Island  Railway,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Souris  Branch,  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Charlottetown.  It  con- 
tains 3  churches,  10  stores,  a  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  a 
tannery.    Ship-building  is  carried  on.     Pop.  250. 

Mount  Storm,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co.,  W.  Va. 

Mount  Sum'init,  a  post-village  in  Prairie  township, 
Henry  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Fort  AVaync,  Muncie  &  Cincinnati 
Kailroad,  at  Summit  Station,  5  miles  N.  of  New  Castle.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Mount  Sunapce,  N.II.      See  Ciiandlerville. 

Mounts'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  0.,  in  Homer 
township.     Pop.  33. 

Mount  Syl'van,  a  post-hamlct  of  Smith  co.,  Tex.,  5 
miles  SAY.  of  Lindalo  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  tannery. 

Mount  Ta'bor,  a  mountain  of  Palestine,  pashalic  of 
lAcrc,  8  miles  E.  of  Nazareth.  Elevation,  1000  feet  above 
Ithe  adjacent  plain.  It  is  of  limestone  formation,  highly 
'picturesque  in  appearance,  and  commanding  noble  views. 
On  it  are  numerous  remains  of  ancient  structures,  and  the 
Greek  and  Latin  monks  believe  it  to  have  been  the  scene 
of  the  Transfiguration. 

Mount  Ta'bor,  a  post-office  of  Columbia  co.,  Fla. 

Mount  Tabor,  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Ind.,  in  Bean 
Blossom  township,  1  mile  from  Stinesville.     It  has  a  flour- 
jmill  and  a  saw-mill.    Pop.  66. 
•    Mount  Tabor,  a  post-office  of  Forsyth  co.,  N.C. 

Mount  Tabor,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  S.C. 

Mount  Tabor,  a  post-office  of  Rutland  co.,  A''t.,  in 
Mount  Tabor  township,  on  the  Harlem  Extension  Railroad, 
IS  miles  S.  of  Rutland.     Pop.  of  the  township,  301. 

Mount  Tabor,  a  post-office  of  Vernon  co.,  AVis. 

Mount  Tahawus,  New  York.     Sec  Mount  Mahcy. 

Mount  Talanda,  ti-lin'di,  or  Mount  Khlomo, 
Hn  Bceotia,  is  4  miles  N.  of  Lake  Topolias. 

Mount  Teciim'seh,  a  peak  in  Grafton  co.,  N.II.,  has 
hn  altitude  of  about  4000  feet  above  the  tide. 

Mount  Thorn,  or  Salt  Springs,  a  post-settlement 

n  Pictou  CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  15  miles  from  Pictou.  Pop.  400. 

'   Mount  Tir'za,  a  post-township  of  Person  co.,  N.C, 

ibout  44  miles  N.  by  AV.  of  Raleigh.     It  has  3  churches 

iind  a  tannery.     Pop.  1117. 

Mount  Tmo'lus  (Turk.  KizUJah  Masa  Tagh,  kizMl- 
y  mi'si  tig),  a  mountain-range  of  Asia  Minor,  20  miles 
■••E.  of  Smyrna,  extending  E.  for  about  70  miles,  separating 
he  basins  of  the  rivers  Sarabat  (anc.  Iler'mus)  and  Cayster. 
it  is  crossed  by  several  routes,  and  has  on  its  summit  a 
ilain  of  fine  pasturage,  interspersed  with  large  trees. 

Mount  To'by,  a  station  at  Mount  Toby  or  Mettawampe, 
n  Leverett  township,  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  New  Lon- 
>n  Northern  Railroad,  28  miles  N.  of  Palmer. 

Mount  Tom,  a  mountain  of  Massachusetts,  is  on  the 


W.  bank  of  the  Connecticut  River,  in  Hampden  and  Hamp- 
shire COS.,  about  5  miles  S.  of  Northampton.  Altitude, 
1214  feet  above  the  sea.  A  peak  at  the  N.  extremity  of 
Mount  Tom  is  locally  known  as  Mount  Non'otuck. 

Mount  Tom,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Hampshire 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  and  on  the  Connecti- 
cut River  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Ea.st  Hampton 
Branch,  2  miles  S.  of  Northampton.  It  has  a  large  steam 
saw-mill. 

Mount  Tomasaki,  to-mi-si'kee,  Colorado,  a  peak  in 
the  AV.  part  of  the  state,  has  an  altitude  of  12,489  feet.  II 
is  near  lat.  38°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  109°  AV. 

3Iount  Top,  a  post-hamlet  in  AVarrington  township, 
York  CO.,  Pa.,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Dillsburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mount  Tremont,  tr?-mont',  Carroll  co.,  N.H.,  about 
5  miles  S.E.  of  Mount  Carrigain.     Altitude,  3393  feet. 

Mount  Tyn'dall,  Tulare  co.,  California,  a  peak  of 
the  Sierra  Nevada,  about  lat.  36°  40'  N.  Its  height  is  es- 
timated at  14,386  feet. 

Mount  Ul'la,  a  post-office  of  Rowan  co.,  N.C,  in 
Mount  Ulla  township,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Charlotte,  and 
15  miles  from  Salisbury.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1720. 

Mount  Uni'ake,  a  post-village  in  Hants  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  International  Railway,  26  miles  N.  of  Hali' 
fax.     In  the  vicinity  are  productive  gold-mines.    Pop.  100. 

Mount  Uniakc  Gold  Mines,  a  post-village  in  Hants 
CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  4  miles  from  Mount  Uniakc  Station. 
Several  gold-mines  are  worked  here.     Pop.  150. 

Mount  Union,  yun'yun,  a  post-office  of  Henry  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Burlington  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  13  miles 
N.AV.  of  Mediapolis. 

Mount  Union,  a  post- village  of  Stark  co.,  0.,  in  Lex- 
ington township,  on  or  near  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  AVayne  & 
Chicago  Railroad,  about  58  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cleveland.  It 
has  2  churches.  Here  is  the  Mount  Union  College  (Meth- 
odist Episcopal),  which  was  organized  in  1858.    Pop.  315. 

Mount  Union,  a  post-borough  in  Shirley  township, 
Huntingdon  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Juniata  River,  and  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  East  Broad 
Top  Railroad,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Huntingdon,  and  about  40 
miles  A\\N.AV.  of  Carlisle.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  3 
churches,  2  tanneries,  a  steam  flour-mill,  Ac.  P.  (1890)  810. 

Mount  Up'ton,  a  post-village  in  Guilford  township, 
Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Unadilla  River,  and  on  the  New 
Berlin  Branch  of  the  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  about  32 
miles  N.E.  of  Binghamton.  It  has  3  churches,  a  grist- 
mill, and  manufactures  of  sash,  blinds,  and  wagons. 

Mount  VaI'ley,  a  post-office  of  AVinnebago  co.,  Iowa, 
22  miles  AV.N.AV.  of  Mason  City. 

Mount  Ver'non,  a  post-village  of  Mobile  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  Mobile  &  Alabama  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  29  miles 
N.  of  Mobile,  and  2  iniles  AV.  of  the  Mobile  River.  It  has 
a  church,  and  a  barrack  for  the  United  States  troops. 

Mount  Vernon,  a  hamlet  of  Bradley  co..  Ark.,  on 
Bayou  Moro,  about  38  miles  E.  of  Camden.  It  has  2  stores. 
Here  is  Lanark  Post-Office. 

Mount  Vernon,  a  post-village  of  Faulkner  co..  Ark., 
about  45  miles  N.  of  Little  Rock.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mount  Vernon,  a  village  of  Jefferson  co..  Col.,  14 
miles  AV.S.AV.  of  Denver.  It  has  a  lime-kiln  and  a  quarry 
of  building-stone. 

3Iount  Vernon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  Ga.,  about  1  mile  E.  of  the  Oconee  River,  and  100 
miles  W.  of  Savannah.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  masonic 
institute.    Much  pine  timber  is  shipped  here.     Pop.  707. 

Mount  Vernon,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Jefferson 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  St.  Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  77  miles 
E.S.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Ccn- 
tralia.  It  contains  a  court-house,  2  banks,  4  churches,  2 
newspaper  offices,  2  steam  flour-mills,  a  woollen-mill,  a  saw- 
mill, and  some  railroad  machine-shops.     Pop.  ( 1890)  3233. 

Mount  Vernon,  a  city,  capital  of  Posey  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  about  33  miles  below  Evansville,  and 
on  the  St.  Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  142  miles  E.S.E. 
of  St.  Louis.  By  railroad  it  is  19  miles  AV.  of  Evansville, 
It  contains  a  court-house,  9  churches,  a  national  bank,  I 
other  bank,  and  several  factories.  Three  newspapers  (one 
in  German)  are  published  here.  It  commands  a  fine  view 
of  the  river  for  10  miles  in  each  direction.     P.  (189H))  4705. 

Mount  Vernon,  a  township  of  Black  Hawk  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop^  910. 

Mount  Vernon,  a  post-village  in  Franklin  township, 
Linn  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago  ifc  Northwestern  Railroad 
(Iowa  division),  16  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Cedar  Rapids,  and 
about  21  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Iowa  City.  It  has  2  churches, 
Cornell  College  (Methodist  Episcopal),  which  was  org.inized 
in  1857,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  woollen-mill.     Pop.  977. 


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Rfonnt  Vernoiit  a  post-office  of  Chantnuqua  oo.,  Kan- 
•M,  20  miles  W.  of  Indopondonoe. 

Mount  Vernon,  a  pott-villag«,  capital  of  Rock  Caatlo 
eo.,  Ky.,  on  tlio  Knuxville  Branch  of  tho  Louistrille  A  Nosh- 
Tillo  Kailroad,  12U  inilea  E.S.K.  of  LouUvillo,  and  about  50 
inilos  S.  by  B.  of  Lexington.  It  has  a  court-house  and  a 
church.     Poi),  252. 

Mount  Vernon,  a  post-village  in  Mount  Vernon  town- 
ship, Konnubcc  co.,  Me.,  20  'miles  N.W.  of  Augusta.  It 
has  n-utcr-frnwer,  a  masonic  hall,  2  ohurche^t,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  savT-uiill.     Pop.  about  2U0 ;  of  the  township,  1252. 

Mount  Vernon,  or  Jews'bnrg,  a  hamlot  of  Carroll 
CO.,  .Mil.,  2i  miles  S.  of  New  Windsor.     Pop.  51. 

Mount  Vernon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co.,  Md.,  8 
miles  W.  of  Princess  Anne.     It  has  a  church. 

Mount  Vernon,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wnshington  town- 
•hip,  Macomb  co.,  Mich.,  about  32  miles  N.  of  Detroit.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  carriage-factory. 

Mount  Vernon,  township,  Winona  co.,  Minn.    P.  634. 

Mount  Vernon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lawrence 
00.,  Mo.,  is  in  Mount  Vernon  township,  about  1  mile  N.  of 
Spring  River,  32  miles  W.S.W.  of  Springfield,  and  30  miles 
E.  of  Carthago.  It  has  a  brick  court-house,  3  churches,  2 
Dew.spaper  ofSces,  a  jail,  a  griKled  school,  a  steam  llouring- 
mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  558;  of  the  township,  SO.'JO. 

Mount  Vernon,  a  post-village  in  Mount  Vornon  town- 
ship, Hillsborough  co.,  N.H.,  about  50  miles  from  Boston,  and 
24  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Concord.  It  has  a  church,  the  MoCollom 
Institute,  a  planing-mill,  a  fancy-box-factory,  and  several 
■ummer  hotels  and  boarding-houses.    Pop.  of  township,  001. 

Mount  Vernon,  a  post-village  of  Westchester  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Eastchester  township,  on  the  Bronx  River,  and  on 
the  Xew  York  &  Ilarlem  Railroad  and  the  New  York,  New 
Haven  <fc  Hartford  Railroad,  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  New  York. 
It  contains  5  churches,  a  bank,  several  schools,  and  a  news- 
paper ofliee.     Pop.  in  1890,  10,830. 

Mount  Vernon,  a  village  of  Chatham  co.,  N.C.,  18 
miles  W.  of  Pittsborough.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  a 
furnace  for  pig-iron,  and  a  mineral  spring.  The  name  of 
its  post-oQice  is  Ore  Hill.  Here  is  a  hill  which  contains  an 
abundance  of  iron  ore. 

Mount  Vernon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rowan  co.,  N.C., 
about  16  miles  N.W.  of  Salisbury.  It  has  a  flouring-mill 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Mount  Vernon,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Knox  co.,  0.,  is 
beautifully  situated  on  the  Vernon  River,  and  on  tho  Cleve- 
land, Mount  Vernon  &  Columbus  Railroad  and  the  Lake 
Erie  division  of  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  45  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Columbus,  37  miles  S.  of  Mansfield,  and  25  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Newark.  It  contains  numerous  elegant  resi- 
dences, 9  churches,  a  high  school,  2  national  banks,  1  other 
bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  flouring-miils,  2  iron-foundries, 
and  manufactures  of  machinery,  steam-engines  and  boilers, 
furniture,  leather,  sash,  and  doors.  The  river  affords  ample 
water-power.     Pop.  in  1880,  5249  ;  in  1890,  6027. 

Mount  Vernon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Lower  Oxford  township,  on  Ootorara  Creek,  about  24  miles 
S.E.  of  Lancaster. 

Mount  Vernon,  Fayette  co.,  Pa.    See  Mestbezat. 

Mount  Vernon,  a  post-village  of  Davison  co.,  S.D., 
11  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Mitchell.  It  has  a  bank,  2  news- 
paper offices,  and  a  grain-elevator.     Pop.  127. 

Mount  Vernon,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Monroe  co., 
Tenn.,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Sweetwater  Station. 

Mount  Vernon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Franklin 
CO.,  Tex.,  35  miles  S.  of  Clarksville.  It  has  .'J  churches  and 
an  academy  or  high  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  589. 

Mount  Vernon,  memorable  as  the  residenceof  General 
Washington,  is  in  Fairfax  co.,  Va.,  on  the  right  or  W.  bank 
of  the  Potomac  River,  15  miles  below  AVashington.  Tlje 
river  here  Hows  through  beautiful  scenery.  In  1856  the 
mansion  of  Washington  and  6  acres  of  land  were  purchased 
for  $200,000  by  the  Ladies'  Mount  Vernon  Association,  in 
order  to  secure  it  as  a  national  possession. 

Mount  Vernon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  Va.,  28 
miles  N.W.  of  Danville.  It  has  a  church,  a  tobacco-iac- 
tory,  <tc. 

Mount  Vernon,  a  post-office  of  Whatcom  co..  Wash. 

Mount  Vernon,  a  post-village  in  Springdale  township, 
Dane  co.,  Wis.,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Madison.  It  has  a  church, 
a  flouring-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  graded  school. 

Mount  Ver'non,  a  post-village  in  Brant  oo.,  Ontario, 
<m  White  Man's  Creek,  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Brantford.  It  con- 
tains an  iron-foundry,  a  saw-mill,  3  hotels,  and  3  stores. 
Pop.  100. 

Mount  Vernon  on  the  Potomac,  a  post-office  of 
Fairfax  co.,  Va. 


Mount  Vic'tory,  a  post-village  in  Halo  townihlp 
Hardin  co.,  0.,  on  tho  railroad  between  Bollefontaino  nm 
Oalion,  19  miles  N.E.  of  Bcllefontaino.  It  has  2  churches 
6  stores,  2  hotels,  and  raanufiioturcs  of  brickc.    Pop.  600 

Mount  View,  a  post-huiiilot  of  Benton  co.,  Mo.  6( 
miles  S.  of  Kedalia.     It  has  a  church.  *' 

Mount  View,  a  sUtion  in  Davidson  co.,  Tenn.,  oi 
the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  d  St.  Louis  Railroad,  12^  inil« 
S.E.  of  Nashville. 

Mount'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Troup  co.,  Oa.,  about  84 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy 

Mountvillc,  a  post-office  of  Sibley  co.,  Minn. 

Mountville,  a  township  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.  Pop.  1403 

Mountville,  Morgan  co.,  0.    See  Loo  Caiiix. 

Mountvillc,  a  post-village  of  Lnncaster  co.,  Pa.,  Ii 
West  Hempfield  township,  on  the  Columbia  Brunch  of  tin 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  Lancaster  City,  am 

5  miles  E.  of  Columbia.     It  has  2  churches,  a  nursery,  am 
a  coach-factory.     Pop.  430. 

Mountville,  a  post-office  of  Laurens  co.,  8.C.,  aboa 

06  miles  W.N.W.  of  Columbia. 

Mountville,  a  post-village  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va.,  ! 
miles  from  Purcellvillo  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  ohurcl 
and  an  academy. 

Mount  Vin'co,  a  post-office  of  Buckingham  00.,  Va. 
6  miles  N.  of  Maysville. 

Mount  Vision,  vizh'un,  or  Jack'sonville,  a  post 
hamlet  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,'  on  Otego  Creek,  about  40  mile 
S.S.E.  of  Utica.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-milL  Tbi 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Mount  Vision. 

Mount  Vitio,  Bullitt  co.,  Ky.    See  BnooKs'  Static*, 

Mount  Waas,  wiss,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Siem 
La  Sal,  in  tho  W.  part  of  the  state,  nas  an  altitude  ol 
12,586  feet.     It  is  near  lat.  38°  32'  N.  and  Ion.  109°  W. 

Mount  Wachusett,  waw-chu'sct,  a  post-hamlet  am 
summer  resort  in  Princeton  township,  Worcester  co.,  Mas*. 
15  or  16  miles  N.  by  AV.  of  AVorccster.  Hero  are  levcra 
hotels  and  cottages  on  AVachusett  Mountain. 

Mount  Warn'ing,  New  South  AVales,  Australia,  lai 
28°  24'  S.,  Ion.  153°  15'  E.,  3300  feet  in  elevation. 

Mount  Wash'ington,  the  highest  peak  of  the  Whit 
Mountains,  and  tho  most  elevated  land  in  New  England,  i 
situated  in  Coos  co.,  N.H.,  about  85  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Gen 
cord.  It  is  5860  feet  above  the  Connecticut  River  at  Lan 
caster,  and  6288  feet  above  the  level  of  the  ocean.  It 
summit  much  of  the  time  is  concealed  from  view  amonj 
the  clouds.  The  sides  are  remarkably  steep,  and  for  abou 
three-fourths  of  the  distance  to  the  top  are  covered  with 
thick  growth  of  trees.  The  pinnacle  is  in  tho  form  of 
cone,  and  consists  of  a  mass  of  broken  rocks.  Moun 
AVashington  is  a  popular  place  of  resort.  It  is  ascende 
from  the  N.E.  by  a  winding  carriage-road,  and  the  asceu 
may  be  made  from  the  AV.  by  steam-rnilwo}'. 

Mount  Washington,  a  post-village  of  Bullitt  cu. 
Ky.,  on  Floyd's  Creek,  about  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Louisville 
It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  distillery,  and  a  manu 
factory  of  farming-implements.     Pop.  340. 

Mount  Washington,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co. 
Md.,  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Bal 
timore.  It  has  3  or  4  churches,  a  convent,  a  cotton -factory 
and  5  stores.       Pop.  in  about  1000. 

Mount  Washington,  the  southwesternmost  townshi] 
of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  New  A'ork  and  Connocticu 
lines.  It  contains  Mount  Everett,  which  is  2624  feet  high 
Pop.  182. 

Mount  Washington,  a  post-office  of  Coos  co.,  N.ll, 
on  the  mountain  of  its  own  name. 

Mount  Washington,  a  post-village  in  Andersoi 
township,  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  5  miles  E.  of  Cincinnati,  an( 
2i  miles  from  Linwood  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  a unioi 
school,  and  a  female  seminary.     Pop.  about  400. 

Mount  Washington,  a  former  borough  of  Alleghani 
CO.,  Pa.,  is  on  a  high  hill  about  3  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg.  I 
now  forms  the  32d  ward  of  the  city  proper.  It  is  connectec 
with  tho  other  parts  of  the  city  by  the  Mount  AVashingtot 
Inclined  Plane,  on  which  cars  are  drawn  up  by  stationarj 
engines  to  an  altitude  of  370  feet.  It  has  5  churches 
Pop.  1988.  This  pKace  commands  a  beautiful  and  exten 
sivo  view  of  tho  city  and  river. 

Mount  Williams,  wil'yams,  Colorado,  a  mounUin  ft 
lat.  39°  51'  8"  N.,  Ion.  106°  10'  AV.  It  has  an  altitude  ot 
11,413  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Mount  Wil'ling,  a  post-office  of  Lowndes  co.,  Ala. 

Mount  Willing,  a  post-office  of  Edgefield  co ,  S.C, 
about  40  miles  AV.  of  Columbia.  ^ 

Mount  Wil'son,  Colorado,  a  mountain  in  lat.  37  60 
23"  N.,  Ion.  107°  69'  18"  AV.,  near  the  source  of  tho  Dolore 


MOU 


1913 


MOAV 


It 


]  or.    Its  altitude  is  14,280  feet  above  the  sea-level, 
i  10  liighest  mountain  in  Southwestern  Colorado. 

louiit  Wi'iiaiis,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co., 
J.,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  .3  miles  S.W.  of 
( iJen  Station,  Baltimore.     Pop.  in  1890,  861. 

fount  Wolf,  York  co.,  Pa.    See  Manchester. 

loant  Wolfe,  a  post-village  in  Cardwell  co.,  Ontario, 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Bolton.     Pop.  100. 

[onnt  Yonah,  Georgia.    See  Cleveland. 

(ount  Zi'on,  a  post-ofBce  of  Carroll  co.,  Ga. 

loiint  Zion,  a  post-village  of  Macon  co.,  111.,  in  Mount 
5 1  township,  on  the  Terro  Haute,  Paris  &  Decatur  llail- 
r  1,  7  miles  S.B.  of  Decatur.  It  contains  a  graded  school, 
c  cminarj',  and  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1096. 

loiiiit  Zion,  a  post-village  of  Wells  co.,  Ind.,  in  Ches- 
t  [iiid  Jackson  townships,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Bluffton.  It 
1  a  church. 

lonnt  Zion,  a  post-village  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa, 
I  r  the  Des  Moines  River,  and  on  the  Keokuk  &  Des 
:  nes  Railroad  (at  Summit  Station),  30  miles  E.S.E.  of 
( iimva.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  150. 

(ount  Zion,  a  post-office  of  Simpson  co..  Miss. 

lount  Zion,  a  post-office  of  Henry  co.,  Mo. 

louut  Zion,  a  post-office  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C. 

lount  Zion,  a  post-village  of  Lebanon  co..  Pa.,  in 
]  hel  township,  6  miles  N.  of  Lebanon.   It  has  2  churches. 

lonnt  Zion,  a  township  of  Clarendon  co.,  S.C. 

jlount  Zion,  a  village  of  Tipton  co.,  Tenn.,  2  miles 
fin  Atoka  Station,  and  about  26  miles  N.N.E.  of  Memphis, 
jjias  a  church  and  an  academy.     Pop.  150. 

Ilount  Zion,  a  post-hamlct  of  Campbell  co.,  Ya.,  12 
ties  S.  of  Concord  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

[leant  Zion,  a  post-office  of  Juneau  co..  Wis. 

Iloiira,  moo'ri  (Port.  pron.  m6'ri  or  mo'oo-ri),  a 
wled  town  of  Portugal,  in  Algarve,  near  the  Guadiana,  32 
ifes  S.S.E.  of  Evora.     Pop.  6175. 

ionra,  a  town  of  Brazil,  State  of  Par^,  on  the  Rio 

^ro,  47  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ayrao. 

'oarachkino,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Moorashkino. 
ourad,  a  river  of  Asia.     See  Moorad. 

lourafa,  a  town  of  Poland.     See  Moouapa. 

lonrSo,  mo-rowNo',  a  walled  town  of  Portugal,   in 

mtejo,  29  miles  E.S.E.  of  Evora.     Pop.  1773. 

.lourcourt,   mooR^koon',   a  village    of    Belgium,   in 

naut,  33  miles  W.N.W.  of  Mons.     Pop.  1700. 
ourghab  and  Mourgab.    See  Moorgraub. 

louri^s,  moo^re-d,',  a  village  of  France,  in  Bouches- 

Rh6ne,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Saint-Remy.     Pop.  2163. 

lourne,  mom,  a  river  of  Ireland,  Ulster,  co.  of  Done- 
runs  8  miles  N.N.E.,  and  joins  the  Foyle  at  Lifford. 
ourne  Mountains,  of  Ireland,  Ulster,  co.  of  Down, 

md  about  11  miles  from  E.  to  W.  between  Newcastle,  on 

Irish  Sea,  and  Carlingford  Bay.    Their  highest  summits 
to  between  2000  and  3000  feet  above  the  sea. 

[ourom,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Moorom. 

louroux,  moo^Roo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seino- 
elarne,  2  miles  W.N.W.  of  Coulommiers.     Pop.  1824. 

lourzouk,  a  town  of  Fczzan.    See  Moorzook. 

ilousa,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  Moosa. 

(ousam,  mow'sam,  a  small  river  of  York  co..  Me., 
f  I  into  Kennebunk  Harbor. 

louscron,  or  Moeskroon,  moos'kron,  a  village  of 
1  jium,  East  Flanders,  on  a  railway,  near  Menin.  The 
Inch  defeated  the  Austrians  here  in  1794.     Pop.  7704. 

liouse  Creek,  a  post-village  of  McMinn  co.,  Tenn., 
0;the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  <fc  Georgia  Railroad,  50 
Ufa  S.AV.  of  Knoxville.     It  has  a  tannery,  a  flour-mill, 

S4  stores. 
louse'hole,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Cornwall,  at 
foot  of  a  hill,  on  the  sea-shore,  opposite  to  St.  Clement's 
,  about  3  miles  S.  of  Penzance.  It  was  destroyed  by 
USpaniards  during  the  reign  of  Elizabeth,  in  1595.  The 
VI  is  defended  by  batteries. 

tjouse  Island,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co..  Me. 

[louse  Island,  a  small  island  and  fishing  settlement 
Mhe  district  of  Burgeo  and  La  Poile,  Newfoundland,  3 
m  from  Channel.     Pop.  70. 

[louse  River  rises  in  the  British  North-West  Terri- 
^e«,  Canada,  and  runs  southeastward  into  North  Dakota, 
Diing  a  large  circuit.  It  turns  towards  the  left,  and 
^'northward  into  the  British  possessions,  and  enters  the 
4.mboin  River  about  lat.  49°  40'  N.  and  Ion.  99°  28'  W. 
^length  is  estimated  at  500  miles. 

{louse's,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co.,  W.  Va. 

'louse  Tail,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
JJnessee  River,  40  miles  above  Johnsonville.  It  has  a 
»;  mboat-Ianding. 

i      121 


Moush,  a  town  of  Armenia.    See  Moosh. 

Moussoul,  Asiatic  Turkey.    See  Mosul. 

Aloustiers,  moos'te-i',  a  town  of  France,  in  Basses- 
Alpes,  16  miles  S.  of  Digne,  picturesquely  situated  at  the 
foot  of  a  chain  of  precipitous  rocks.     Pop.  1246. 

Mout,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,    See  Moot. 

Ittouta,  moo'ti  or  mo'ti,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Alem- 
tejo,  on  a  creek  formed  by  the  mouth  of  the  Tagus,  10  miles 
S.E.  of  Lisbon. 

Moutapilly,  a  town  of  India.    See  Mootapilly. 

Mouth  Card,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co.,  Ky.,  76  miles 
N.W.  of  Saltville,  Va. 

Mouth  of  Buffalo,  a  post-office  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C. 

Mouth  of  Buffalo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Logan  co.,  W. 
Va.,  45  miles  S.S.W.  of  Brownstown.     It  has  a  church. 

Mouth  of  Doe,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Tenn. 

Mouth  of  £ast  River,  a  post-office  of  Giles  co.,  Va. 

Mouth  of  Jem'seg,  a  post-hamlet  in  Queens  co..  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  river  St.  John,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Jciu- 
seg,  a  deep  channel  which  leads  to  Grand  Lake,  3  miles 
from  Gagetown.  St.  John  and  Fredericton  and  Grand 
Lake  steamers  call  here.     Pop.  150. 

Mouth  of  John's  Creek,  a  village  of  Johnson  co., 
Ky.,  4  miles  N.  of  Prestonburg.  It  has  2  churches,  an 
academy,  and  a  distillery. 

Mouth  of  Kes'wick,  a  post-village  in  York  co..  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  St.  John,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Keswick 
River,  10  miles  above  Fredericton.     Pop.  200. 

Mouth  of  Millstream.    See  Apohaqui. 

Mouth  of  Mud'dy,  a  hamlet  of  Floyd  co.,  Ky.,  85 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Huntington,  W.  Va.     It  has  2  churches. 

Mouth  of  Nerepis,  n5r'§-pe,  a  post-village  in 
Kings  CO.,  New  Brunswick,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  river  St. 
John,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Nerepis  River,  and  on  the  Eu- 
ropean &  North  American  Railway,  20  miles  from  St.  John. 
A  long  wooden  bridge  here  spans  the  Nerepis.     Pop.  200. 

Mouth  of  Pigeon,  a  post-office  of  Logan  co.,  W.  Va. 

Mouth  of  Pond,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  Ky. 

Mouth  of  Sca'ry,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  at  Scary  Station,  15i 
miles  W.  of  Charleston. 

Mouth  of  Sen'eca,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pendleton  co., 
AV.  Va.,  65  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Keyser. 

Mouth  of  Syc'amorc,  a  post-office  of  Logan  co., 
W.  Va. 

Mouth  of  Wil'son,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grayson  co.,  Va., 
on  New  River,  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Marion.  It  has  a  flour- 
ing-mill. 

3Iouth  of  Wolf,  a  post  hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  Tenn.,  50 
miles  S.B.  of  Glasgow. 

Mouth  Saint  Francis  River,  a  post-officeof  Phillips 
CO.,  Ark.,  on  the  Mississippi,  about  12  miles  above  Helena. 

Mouth  Short  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Boone  co,,W.  Va., 
on  Big  Coal  River,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Brownstown. 

Moutier-Grandval,  mooHe-d'-gr6N»'v3,l',  or  Miin» 
ster,  miin'st^r,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  22 
miles  N.  of  Bern.     Pop.  1950. 

Moutiers,  mooU.e-i',  a  town  of  Savoy,  on  the  Isfire,  30 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Chambcry.  Pop.  1946.  It  has  hot  min- 
eral springs. 

Moutiers-Ies-Bains,a  town  of  France.  SeoVrciiY. 

Mouvcaux,  mooVo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  7 
miles  N.E.  of  Lille.     Pop.  3003. 

Moux,  moo,  a  village  of  France,  in  NiSvre,  13  miles 
N.E.  of  Chateau-Chinon.     Pop.  1697. 

Mouy,  moo^ee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Oise,  13  miles  S.E. 
of  Beauvais,  on  the  Therain.     Pop.  3198. 

Mouzangaye,  moo-zin-ghi'i,  a  maritime  town  of 
Madagascar,  on  its  W.  coast,  N.E.  of  Bembatooka  Bay. 

Mouzay,  moo^zA.'  (h.  Moaom'agus  Kemo'rum),  a  village 
of  France,  in  Meuse,  9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Montm6dy. 

Mouzon,  moo'zis"',  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Ardennes, 
on  the  Meuse,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Sedan.     Pop.  2220. 

Mo^vesee',  a  town  of  India,  province  of  Berar.  Pop. 
5332. 

Mo'ville,  a  town  of  Ireland,  Ulster,  co.  of  Donegal,  on 
Lough  Foyle,  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Londonderry,  of  which  it 
is  the  port  for  large  steamers.     Pop.  1049. 

Mo'ville,  a  post-office  of  Woodbury  co.,  Iowa,  20  miles 
E.  of  Sioux  City. 

Movisas,  or  Movizas,  mo-vee'ziz  (native,  Mmoizi), 
a  people  of  the  S.E.  part  of  Africa,  S.W.  of  Lake  Nyassa. 

Mow,  several  towns  of  India.     See  Mnow. 

MoAvanuh,  mo-wi'niih,  a  town  of  India,  Mcerut  di- 
vision.    Lat.  29°  6'  N.;  Ion.  77°  55'  E.     Pop.  6864. 

Mowdhar,  mow'dar,  or  Mau'dha,  a  town  of  India, 
North-West  Provinces,  division  of  Allahabad.     Pop.  6413. 


MOW 


1914 


MOZ 


Mowcaqua,  or  Mo\v6qua,  nio-woo'kw^  or  mSw'i>- 
kw^  a  po8t-villngo  of  Shelby  co.,  III.,  in  Aloweaqua  town- 
■hip,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  16  niilos  S.  hj  W. 
of  Decatur,  and  30  milei  B.S.B.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a 
newspaper  oflioe,  a  bank,  3  ohurobes,  and  a  money-order 
post-offioe.     Pop.  in  1890,  848;  of  the  township,  1262. 

Mowee,  one  of  the  Sandwich  Islands,     See  Maci. 

Mower,  a  village  of  Austria.     See  Mauer. 

Mower,  mSw'^r,  a  suutbcostorn  county  of  Minnesota, 
bordering  on  Iowa,  has  an  area  of  675  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  in  the  \Y.  part  by  the  Cedar  River,  and  also 
drained  by  the  Upper  Iowa  and  Root  Rivers,  which  rise  in 
it.  The  surfuoe  is  undulating  or  nearly  lord.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  The  greater  part  of  the  county  is  prairie.  Wheat, 
oats,  hay,  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
Railroad  and  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul  A  Kansas  City  Railroad, 
which  meet  at  Austin,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,447  j 
in  1880,  16,799;  in  1890,  18,019. 

Mowersville,  mSw'9ri-rIl,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  13  miles  N.  by  £.  of  Chambersburg.  It  baa 
a  coach-factory. 

Mowilah,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  Moilab. 

Mowna  itoa.    See  Mauna  Loa. 

Mowry's  (mOw'riz)  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  24  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Altoona.  It  has  a 
church,  a  grist-mill,  &o. 

Mowrystown,  mSw'riz-tSwn,  a  post-village  of  High- 
land CO.,  0.,  in  White  Oak  township,  about  45  miles  E.  of 
Cincinnati.     Pop.  414. 

Moxacar,  a  city  of  Spain.    See  Mojacar. 

Moxados,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Mojaims. 

Moxahala,  mox-^-h&'la,  a  post-village  of  Perry  co., 
0.,  on  the  Ohio  Central  Railroad,  8  miles  S.E.  of  New 
Lexington. 

Moxente^  a  town  of  Spain.    See  MoaEXTB. 

Mox'ley,  a  western  suburb  of  Wednesbury,  England, 
in  Staflbrdshiro. 

Moxos,  or  Mojos,  mo'noco,  a  subdivision  of  Bolivia, 
in  iU  N.  part,  mostly  between  hit.  10°  30'  and  18°  S.  and 
Ion.  57°  40'  and  60°  W.,  having  N.  and  E.  the  territories 
of  Brazil  (from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  Guapore)  and 
W.  Peru.  It  comprises  the  towns  or  villages  of  Exalta- 
tion, Trinidad,  Loreto,  and  Concepcion,  though  chiefly 
inhabited  by  the  Mojos,  a  tribe  of  roving  Indians. 

Moy,  a  river  of  Ireland,  enters  Killala  Bay.  Length, 
40  miles.     It  i.s  navigable  to  near  Ballina. 

Moy,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Tyrone,  6  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Armagh.     Pop.  581. 

Moya,  mo'yi,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  30  miles 
N.  of  Barcelona.     Pop.  2851.     Its  cheese  is  of  high  repute. 

Moya,  a  town  composed  of  a  multitude  of  villages  on 
the  island  of  Gran  Canaria,  with  two  primary  schools,  an 
oratory,  and  7  mills  for  grinding  millet.     Pop.  3706. 

Moy^anien'sing,  formerly  a  district  of  Philadelphia 
CO.,  Pa.,  running  southward  from  Cedar  Street  (now  South 
Street),  between  the  district  of  Southwark  on  the  E.  and 
Passyunk  on  the  W.  It  forms  a  part  of  the  consolidated 
city  of  Philadelphia,  and  gives  name  to  the  county  prison. 

Moycreedin,  a  town  of  Ireland.     See  CAnYSFORT. 

Moyenmoutier,moi'6s»*moo'te-i',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Vosges,  6  miles  N.  of  Saint-Die.     Pop.  1622. 

Moyenneville,  moi'finnVeel',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Somme,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Abbeville.     Pop.  1100. 

Moyenvic,  moi'5NoH'cek',  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Lor- 
raine, 4  miles  S.E.  of  Salzburg.  Pop.  882.  Near  it  is  a 
large  salt-mine. 

Moy'er's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Ililltown  township,  4  miles  E.  of  Sellersville.  It  has  a 
church,  a  brick-yard,  and  about  15  houses. 

Moyeuvre  la  Grande,  moi'uv'r'  li  gr6.vd,  a  town 
of  Germany,  in  Lorraine,  on  the  Orne,  9  miles  S.W.  of 
Diedcnhofen.  It  has  iron-mines,  a  furnace,  and  a  forge. 
Pop.  3067. 

Moyne  (moin)  Rirer,  a  river  of  Victoria,  Australia, 
falls  into  Port  Fairy  at  Belfast.     Length,  30  miles. 

Moyobamba,  mo-yo-bim'bi,  a  town  of  Peru,  capital 
of  the  department  of  Loreto,  120  miles  E.  of  Chacha- 
poyas,  on  the  Moyobamba  River,  an  affluent  of  the  Ilua- 
llaga.     Pop.  10,000.     It  is  noted  for  its  fine  Panama  hats. 

MoyocK,  mo'e-y6k,  a  post-oflSce  of  Currituck  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  of  Moyock  township,  1204. 

Moz,  or  Porto  de  Moz,  poR'to  di  moz,  a  town  of 
Brazil,  state  and  230  miles  W.S.W.  of  Pard,  on  the  Xingu 
River,  about  16  miles  above  its  junction  with  the  Ama- 
zon. It  ha4  a  handsome  church,  a  prison,  and  a  port. 
Pop.  4000. 


Mozambique,  or  Mosambique,  mo-tam-bee 
(called  by  the  natives  Mai'umbeek'  or  Maz^amietk'),  aci 
on  the  K.  coast  of  Africa,  and  the  metropolis  of  tho  Po 
tugueso  possessions  in  that  Quarter,  on  an  isinnd  in  Moiat 
bique  Channel.  Lat.  15°  3'  S.;  Ion.  40°  I'J'  K.  The  ba 
bor  is  an  inlet  of  the  sea  in  the  mainland,  5  miles  do 
and  5i  miles  wide.  Three  small  rivers  flow  into  it  at  I 
head,  while  across  its  entrance  extend  three  small  island 
which,  with  reefs  and  shoals,  render  the  anchorage  with 
perfectly  safe.  On  the  middle  island,  which  is  about 
miles  long  and  hardly  a  quarter  of  a  mile  wide,  stands  tl 
city.  The  other  two  islands,  St.  George  on  the  N.  and  g 
Jago  on  the  S.,  are  covered  with  trees  and  verdure  whi 
the  sandy  area  of  Mozambique,  in  the  middle,  is  entire 
occupied  by  the  city  and  iU  defences.  The  fort  at  the  ] 
end  of  the  island  is  a  great  work,  mounting  80  guns. 
the  other  end  of  the  island  is  Fort  Silo  Louronfo.  Muxai 
bique  contains  the  governor's  palace,  the  custom-house 
churches,  and  5  chapels;  the  quays  and  wharfs  are  all  co 
structed  in  a  style  of  solidity  far  beyond  the  present  ii 
portance  of  the  place.  It  is  still  the  seat  of  a  bishopr 
subordinate  to  Goa.  On  tho  head  of  the  bay  stands  the  v 
lage  of  Mesuril,  where  the  trade  is  carrictl  on  with  the  n 
tives,  who  come  down  from  the  interior  at  certain  scaioi 
bringing  ivory,  skins,  conal,  wax,  <to.  Nearer  to  the  islai 
is  Cabeceira  Grande,  where  the  Portuguese  officers  a 
merchants  have  their  villas  and  gardens;  and,  at  the  c: 
of  the  peninsula,  tho  village  of  Cabeceira  Pequcna  oontai 
the  dwellings  of  the  Mohammedans.  The  Banyans,  throuj 
whose  hands  passes  all  the  trade  with  the  interior,  reside 
Lumbo,  a  village  between  the  latter  two.  Tho  Portuguc 
dominion  does  not  extend  beyond  this  narrow  torritot 
and  even  tho  safety  of  Mozambique  has  been  threaten 
more  than  once  by  petty  chiefs.  Pop.  of  the  island,  abo 
6000,  of  which  a  few  only  are  Portuguese,  the  remaind 
being  Canareens  (Portuguese  Creoles  from  Goa),  Aral 
Banyans,  and  blacks.  Until  1759  the  governor  of  Mozai 
bique  was  subordinate  to  the  viceroy  of  India ;  but  in  th 
year  East  Africa  was  placed  immediately  under  the  crow 

The  TERniTORY  of  Mozambique,  in  other  words,  t 
country  claimed  by  the  Portuguese,  extends  from  Dclag 
Bay,  in  lat.  26°  S.,  to  Mazimbi,  about  40  miles  S.  of  On 
Dclgado.  At  Mazimbi  there  is  an  Arab  fort,  bearing  t 
flag  of  the  Sultan  of  Muscat.  The  settturacnts  on  this  lo 
line  of  coast  are  at  Delagoa  Bay,  Inhamban,  Sofula,  Qui 
mane,  Tete,  Angosta,  Sena,  and  Mozambique.  In  none 
these  settlements  is  there  any  occupation  of  territory  I 
yond  the  protection  of  the  forts.  Besides  these,  the  sett 
monts  on  the  river  Zambezi,  extending  up  about  600  mi 
(according  to  Portuguese  estimates,  700  miles  or  even  15 
miles),  and  comprised  under  the  title  of  Rios  de  Sena,  i 
nominally  included  in  the  government  of  Mozambiqi 
These  settlements  are  Sena,  about  100  miles  W.  of  Qui 
mane  (150  by  the  river),  Zumbo,  160  miles  still  farther 
the  river,  and  Manifa,  not  now  occupied,  260  miles  S.^ 
by  W.  of  Tete.  The  growing  power  of  the  Sultan  of  Za 
zibar,  and  the  commercial  activity  fostered  with  his  ru 
and  also  the  advance  of  the  emigrant  Boers  from  the  Ca 
Colony  N.  to  Manila,  have  contributed  to  divert  the  nati 
trade  from  the  Portuguese  settlements.  Ivory  is  the  staj 
production  of  these  countries  ;  and  about  260,000  poum 
weight  of  it  are  exported  from  Mozambique  annual! 
chiefly  to  India.  Coir,  archil,  manna,  copal,  skins,  a: 
calumbo  are  collected  along  the  coasts.  The  coffee  of  Sena 
said  to  be  excellent.  The  country  is  under  a  governor-ge 
eral.    Estimated  area,  306,410  square  miles;  pop.  8fi0,0C 

Mozambique  Channel,  a  strait  of  the  Indian  Ocea 
between  lat.  12°  and  25°  S.  and  Ion.  35°  and  49°  E.,  sep 
rating  Madagascar  from  the  mainland  of  East  Afri( 
Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  about  1000  miles ;  breadth,  250  mil 
in  its  centre,  and  about  600  miles  at  each  outlet,  'f 
coasts  are  a  good  deal  broken,  but  only  the  inlets  of  Mozai 
bique  and  Sofala  are  of  much  size.  It  receives  the  Zai 
bezi  River,  and  on  it  are  the  chief  towns  of  the  Mozambiq 
dominions,  with  Moorondaya,  Boyana,  Bciubatookn,  N 
rcenda,  and  Passandava,  on  tho  island  of  Madagascar, 
its  N.  outlet  are  the  Comoro  and  Querimba  island  groups 

Mozdok,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Mosdok. 

Mozet,  mo-zi',  a  village  of  Belgium,  4  miles  E.  of  N 
mur,  on  the  Samson.     Pop.  1610. 

Moz-Ghar,  moz'gan',  a  town  of  India,  principal! 
and  S.W.  of  Bhawlpoor,  defended  by  a  lofty  fortress. 

Mozhaisk,  Mojaisk,  mo-zhisk',  or  Moschaisk, 
town  of  Russia,  government  and  63  miles  W.S.W.  of  Mci 
cow,  on  nn  affluent  of  tho  Moskva.  Pop.  4160.  It  hi* 
strong  citadel,  a  cathedral,  and  large  salt-magazines.  Ne| 
it  the  battle  of  Borodino  was  fought,  September  7,  1812. 


MOZ 


1915 


MUD 


Moziiffcrgurh,  or  Muzuffergarh,  m^z-uf'f^r-gur', 
1  town  of  India,  capital  of  Mozuffergurh  district,  30  miles 
i.W.  of  Mooltan.     Pop.  4719. 

;  Mozuffergurh,  a  district  of  the  Punjab,  India,  in  the 
Mooltan  division.  Area,  2954  square  miles.  Capital,  Mo- 
ituffergurh.     Pop.  295,547. 

Mozuffcrnuggur,  or  Muzaffernagar,  m9z-urf?r- 
iu"'giir,  a  town  of  India.,  capital  of  MozufFernuggur  dis- 
ri"t,  70  miles  N.N.W.  of  Delhi.     Pop.  10,748. 

Nozutfernuggur,  a  district  of  India,  North-West 
'rovinccs.  Lat.  29°  10'-29°  50'  N.;  Ion.  77°  6'-78°  10'  E. 
\ica,  1659  square  miles.  It  is  a  fertile  plain,  with  the 
lunges  on  the  E.  and  the  Jumna  on  the  W.  Capital,  Mo- 
uffoi-nuggur.     Pop.  690,107. 

Mozutferpoor,  or  Muzufferpoor,  moz-iirf^r-poor', 

district  of  Bengal,  in  Bahar,  bounded  S.  by  the  Ganges, 
ml  S.W.  by  the  Gunduck.  Area,  2823  square  miles.  Cap- 
tal.  Mozufi'erpoor.     Pop.  2,188,382. 

Mozufferpoor,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  Mozuf- 
Lipoor district,  on  the  Little  Gunduck,  35  miles  N.N.E.  of 
':itna.  It  is  well  built  and  clean,  with  good  schools,  a 
:iil,  coUectorate,  temples,  court-houses,  and  other  public 
uililings,  and  has  a  large  trade.     Pop.  38,223. 

Mozyr,  or  Mozir,  mo-zecn',  a  town  of  Russia,  146 
lilcs  S.E.  of  Minsk,  on  the  Pripets.     Pop.  4166. 

>Iozzate,  mot-sl'td,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
(lino,  near  the  Bozzcnte.     Pop.  of  commune,  1834. 

Mi'ima,  mree'mi  ("the  hill"),  a  name  sometimes  given 
1  a  region  on  the  E.  African  coast,  between  lat.  40°  and  8° 
.    It  is  of  coral  formation,  and  is  sparsely  peopled. 

Mroczen,  m'rotch'in,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Poscn,  19 
.lilcs  W.N.W.  of  Bromberg.     Pop.  1637. 

0  Mroslaw,  a  town  of  Moravia.    See  Mislitz. 

1  IHseno,  m'si'no,  or  Mschcno,  m'shi'no  (Ger.  Wemt- 
•n,  *4in'son),  a  town  of  Bohemia,  13  miles  AV.  of  Buntzlau. 
op.  2375.' 

Msila,  m'see'lS,,  a  town  of  Algeria,  in  the  Sahara,  119 
;ile3  S.E.  of  Algiers,  intersected  by  tl-;e  Wady  Msila.  It 
IS  some  jewellers,  dyers,  and  wool-carders, 
.llsket,  m'skSt,  Mtskhcti,  m'sKit'ee,  or  Meschiti, 
es-kee'tee,  written  also  Mschit  and  Misketi,  a  very 
icicnt  town  of  Russia,  Georgia,  in  the  angle  formed  by 
ho  confluence  of  the  Aragvi  with  the  Koor,  10  miles  N.N.W. 
■  Tiflis.  It  is  said,  when  formerly  the  capital  of  Georgia, 
i  have  been  20  miles  in  circuit  and  to  have  contained 
1,000  men  capable  of  bearing  arms.  It  now  consists  of 
ciin  houses,  many  of  them  half  and  some  of  them  \yholly 
uler  ground,  but  has,  among  other  remains  of  ancient 
agnificcnce,  a  spacious  and  beautiful  cathedral,  the  ruins 
the  ancient  palace  of  the  Georgian  princes,  and  an  old 
stle.  Msket  is  supposed  to  be  the  Artanisaa  and  Misletta 
Pompey,  and  the  Harmastis  of  Pliny. 
-Ilsta,  m'sti,  or  Masta,  mi-sti',  a  river  of  Russia, 
vernments  of  Tver  and  Novgorod,  enters  Lake  II  men  a 
tic  S.  of  Novgorod,  after  a  tortuous  N.  and  W.  course  of 
■)  miles,  for  most  part  of  which  it  is  navigable;  and  at 
iltehok  a  canal  proceeds  to  connect  it  with  the  Tvertsa, 
d  thus  unite  the  Baltic  and  Lake  Ladoga  with  the  Volga 
il  Caspian  Sea. 

Mstislavl,  m'stis-livl',  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
1  54  miles  E.N.E.  of  Moheelev,  on  the  Sozh,  an  affluent 
the  Dnieper.  Pop.  6648.  It  has  numerous  churches,  a 
angogue,  monasteries,  a  college,  school  for  nobles,  and 
ule  in  hemp  and  grain. 

Mtskheti,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia.    See  Msket. 
Mtzensk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Mzexsk. 
Muab,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  Mooab. 
Mu;ir,  a  state  of  Malay.    See  Segamet. 
Mu'barakpoor',  a  town  of  India,  Azimghur  district. 
p.  12,068. 

^Mubarrez,  El,  a  town  of  Arabia.  See  El  Mebarrez. 
(Much,  a  mountain  of  Beloochistan.  See  Wushutee. 
jMuchachinock,  mutch-a-ki'nok,  a  post-village  of 
iihaska  co.,  Iowa,  in  Des  Moines  and  Harrison  townships, 
the  Central  Railroad  of  Iowa,  5  miles  S.  of  Oskaloosa. 
has  a  church  and  3  coal-mines. 

Wuchami  el ,  moo-chd-me-fil',  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
,i  7  miles  N.E.  of  Alicante.     Pop.  2044, 
i«ttcheln,  miiK'§ln,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Saxony,  10 
M  W.S.AV.  of  Merseburg,  on  the  Geisselbach.    Pop.  1431. 
,ttuch  Wenlock,  a  town  of  England.    See  Wenlock. 
[Uuck,  an  island  of  the  Hebrides,  Scotland,  co.  of  Argyle, 
mlcs  S.S.W.  of  Eig.     Length,  about  2  miles. 
;  ttnck,  a  post-office  of  Pierce  co.,  AVashington. 
jttnck'alce  Creek,  Georgia,  runs  southward  through 
fnter  .and  Lee  cos.,  and  enters  the  Kinchafoona  Creek 
jyjiot  2  miles  N.  of  Albany.    It  is  nearly  75  miles  long. 


Muck^ataewagam'ing,  a  long  narrow  lake  of  the 
district  of  Algoma,  Ontario,  on  the  AVhitefish  River,  which 
flows  to  the  N.  side  of  Lake  Huron  in  lat.  46°  21'  N.,  Ion, 
81°  AA^ 

Muck'ish,  a  mountain  of  Ireland,  Ulster,  co.  of  Done- 
gal, 5  miles  S.  of  Dunfanaghy. 

Muckle  Roe,  or  Meikle  Rhoe,  an  island  of  the 
Shetland  group,  in  St.  Magnus  Bay,  AV.  coast  of  mainland. 
Pop.  216. 

Muckrana,  muk-krS,'n3,,  a  town  of  Northwestern  India, 
Rajpootana,  35  miles  N.AV.  of  Ajmeer. 

Muck'ross,  a  peninsula  of  Ireland,  Munster,  co,  ot' 
Kcrrj',  between  the  middle  and  lower  lakes  of  Killarncy, 
with  ruins  of  an  abbey  founded  in  1440. 

Muckuddra,  muk-kud'dri,  a  village  of  India,  prov- 
ince of  Malwah,  118  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Oojein,  in  a  circular 
basin  enclosed  by  steep  hills. 

MuckHvanpoor',  a  strong  hill-fortress  of  Ncpaul,  13 
miles  S.  of  Khatmandoo. 

mncnri,  moo-koo-ree',  a  river  of  Brazil,  falls  into  the 
channel  between  the  reef  of  Paredes  and  the  mainland,  ia 
lat.  18°  6'  S.     Total  course,  150  miles. 

Mudania,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Moodania. 

Mud  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cabell  co.,  AV.  A''a.,  I 
mile  from  Milton  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Mud  Creek,  Fulton  co.,  Ind.,  joins  the  Tippecanoe. 

Mud  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Lamar  co.,  Ala. 

Mud  Creek,  Illinois.     See  Saint  Libory. 

Mud  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Kansas,  9  miles 
N.  by  AV.  of  Marion  Centre. 

Mud  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Pontotoc  co..  Miss. 

Mud  Creek  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinch  co.,  Ga., 
16  miles  from  Stockton.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  saw-mill, 

Mud'dy,  a  post-office  of  Caldwell  co..  Mo. 

Muddy  Bayou,  a  post-office  of  Faulkner  co..  Ark. 

Muddy  Branch,  or  Saint  Philippe  d'Argen 
teuil,  sdx"  fee'Ieep'  daR*zh6\"HuI',  a  post-village  in  Ar- 
genteuil  co.,  Quebec,  6  miles  from  Carillon.     It  contains  a 
church,  a  saw-mill,  and  2  stores.     Pop.  300. 

Muddy  Creek  or  River,  111.  See  Big  Muddy  River. 

Muddy  Creek,  Kentucky,  rises  in  Logan  co.,  runa 
northward,  and  enters  Green  River  on  the  AV.  boundary  of 
Butler  CO. 

Muddy  Creek,  Missouri,  runs  northeastward  through 
Pettis  CO.,  and  enters  the  Lamine  River  about  12  mile;9 
N.N.E.  of  Sedalia. 

Muddy  Creek,  Missouri,  flows  into  Crooked  Fork  of 
Grand  River  in  Grundy  co.,  a  few  miles  S.  of  Trenton. 

Muddy  Creek,  Ohio,  flows  into  Sandusky  Bay  of  Lake 
Erie. 

Muddy  Creek,  Nebraska,  rises  in  Nemaha  co.,  runs 
southeastward  in  Richardson  co.,  and  enters  the  Nemaha 
River  3  or  4  miles  E.  of  Falls  City. 

Muddy  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  enters  the  Susquehanna 
River  in  the  S.E.  part  of  York  co. 

Muddy  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Pueblo  co..  Col. 

Muddy  Creek,  a  township  of  Butler  co..  Pa.  Pop, 
972.     It  contains  Portersvillc. 

Muddy  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa. 

3Iuddy  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Loudon  co.,  Tenn.,  oa 
the  East  Tennessee,  A''irginia  &  Georgia  Railroad,  20  miles 
SAV.  of  Knoxville.     It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  <fec. 

Muddy  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Prince  co..  Prince 
Edward  Island,  8  miles  from  Summerside.     Pop.  150. 

Muddy  Creek  Forks,  a  post-office  of  York  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  Peach  Bottom  Railroad,  22  miles  S.E.  of  York. 

Muddy  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Howard  co.,  Ark. 

Muddy  Fork,  a  creek  of  Ohio,  enters  the  AValhonding 
River  in  Holmes  co. 

Muddy  Fork,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarke  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  Railroad,  14  miles  N. 
of  New  Albany.     It  has  2  churches. 

Muddy  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Cleveland  co.,  N.C. 

Muddy  Lane,  a  post-office  of  Livingston  co..  Mo. 

Mudge  Hollow,  Ontario.    See  Canning. 

Mudge's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Conecuh  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Mobile  &  Montgomery  Railroad,  109  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Mobile. 

Mudhoobnnec,  or  Madhubani,  mud^hoo-bun'cc,  a 
large  town  of  Bengal,  district  and  16  miles  N.E.  of  Dur- 
bungah.  It  has  a  large  trade,  a  hospital,  and  other  publio 
buildings. 

Mudhoobunee,  or  Madhubani,  a  town  of  Bengal, 
in  Chumnarun,  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Moteeharee.     Pop.  5128. 

Mud^hoomat'tee  (or  Madhumati,  mfid'hoo-mut'- 
tee)  River,  one  of  the  main  streams  of  the  Ganges  delta, 
bounding  Jessore  district  oh  the  E.,  and  traversing  the 


MUD 


191G 


MUL 


"1 


Sundorbunds.  It  Is  known  by  various  names  in  difforent 
parts  of  it«  oourso,  its  oatuary  being  often  ctillod  Ilurin- 
shatA.  It  is  an  iiu|>ortant  cliannol  of  steam  nuvigatiuu. 
Length,  100  miles. 

Mud  Lick»  a  post-bamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ind.,  7  or  8 
milo.-i  X.  of  Madison.     It  lias  3  cburches. 

Aliid  Lick,  a  post-oflice  of  Monroe  co.,  Ky. 

Mud  liiclt,  a  post-ofHoc  of  Chatham  oo.,  N.C. 

Mud  Ilun,  a  stution  in  Carbon  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh 
t  Siisquuhanna  liuilrood,  18  miles  N.  of  Maucb  Chunlc. 

Mud  Springs,  a  township  of  £1  Dorado  co.,  Cal. 
Pop.  1672. 

Mudungungc',  or  Madanganj,  miid-&n-gilnj',  a 
town  of  Bengal,  district  of  Dacca,  a  suburb  of  Narningunge, 
from  which  it  is  divided  by  the  river  Lulihmia.    Pop.  30U0. 

Mugardos,  moo-gan'doce,  a  seaport  town  of  Spain, 
Oalicia,  N.E.  of  Corunna,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  Jiiai 
(reo'ils)  or  "  Estuary"  of  Ferrol.     Pop.  2003. 

Mugdul,  a  town  of  India.    See  Muktul. 

Muge,  moo'zhd,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Estre- 
madura,  11  miles  S.  of  Santarem,  on  a  stream  of  the  same 
name,  an  aSSucnt  of  the  Tagus.     Pop.  1626. 

Miigein,  mil'gheln,  a  town  of  SaxOny,  20  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Leipsio.     Pop.  2525.     Near  it  is  a  fine  castle. 

Muggcndorf,  raSdg'ghQn-dunr,  a  village  of  Bavaria, 
iicr  Franconia,  27  miles  N.E.  of  Nuremberg. 

Muggcnsturm,  mdog'gbfn-stOSnm^  a  village  of 
Baden,  11  miles  by  rail  from  Baden.     Pop.  1931. 

Muggia,  mood'j&,  a  town  and  seaport  of  Austria,  on 
the  Gulf  and  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Triest.     Pop.  1877. 

Milgiitz,  miio'lits  (Moravian,  Mohelnice,  moh-dl-ncet'- 
sA),  a  town  of  Moravia,  19  miles  N.W.  of  Olmutz,  on  the 
March.     Pop.  3833.     It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  stuffs. 

Mugnano,  moon-yA'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Naples.     Pop.  4303. 

Mugnano  del  Cardinale,  moon-y&'no  dSl  Itan-do- 
nH'Id,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Avcllino.     Pop.  4090. 

Mugribee,  a  town  of  India.    Sec  Maghribee. 

Mu^hnbun',  a  town  of  India,  on  the  Jumna,  district 
and  8  miles  S.E.  of  Muttra.     Pop.  6933. 

Mnhalitch,  muh-i-lcetch',  or  Mikhalitch,  mjK^hi- 
leetch'  (improperly  Mohaiitz),  a  town  of  Asia  Minor, 
37  miles  W.  of  Brusa.  Pop.  11,000.  It  exports  sillc,  wool, 
valonia,  and  fruits  to  Constantinople,  and  imports  foreign 
goods,  chiefly  overland  from  Smyrna,  to  about  £6000  in 
value  annually. 

Muham^niadpoor',  a  town  of  the  Sarun  district,  Ben- 
gal, with  a  largo  trade.     Pop.  4140, 

Muliam^mcdpoor',  a  town  of  Bengal,  20  miles  N.E. 
of  Jessore.  It  was  a  place  of  great  population,  but  in  1836 
was  desolated  by  a  pestilence,  and  is  now  nearly  all  in  ruins. 

Muhatwarani,  an  island  of  India.    See  Mutwal. 

Muhesi,  or  Mahesi,  mu-hos'ee,  a  town  of  Bengal, 
in  Boglipoor,  25  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Madahpoora.     Pop.  5678. 

Muhlan,  a  town  of  Germany.     See  Mvlau. 

Miililbach,  miil'b&K,  or  Miihlenbach,  mill'tn-b3,K^ 
(Hun.  Szasz-Sebes,  sAss-si'besh),  a  town  of  Transylvania, 
29  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ilermannstadt,  with  woollen-factories, 
breweries,  and  a  wine-trade.     Pop.  5644. 

Miihlberg,  mul'bfinci,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  53 
miles  E.  of  Merseburg,  on  the  Elbe.     Pop.  3317. 

Muhlbcrg,  a  village  of  Prussian  Saxony,  11  miles 
6."\V.  of  Erfurt.     Pop.  1345. 

Miihiburg,  mill'Do5RG,  a  town  of  Baden,  about  1  mile 
W.  of  Carlsruhe.     Pop.  2886. 

Miihldorf,  miil'donf,  a  town  of  Upper  Bavaria,  on  the 
Inn.  45  miles  E.N.E.  of  Munich.     Pop.  2453. 

Muhlenberg,  mu'l^n-berg,  a  township  of  Berlss  co.. 
Pa.     Pop.  1547. 

Muhlenberg,  or  Mnhlenbnrg,  a  post-rillage  of  Lu- 
lerne  co.,  Pa.,  a^ut  16  miles  W.  of  Wilkesbarre. 

Muhlenburg,  or  Muhlenberg,  mu'l^n-burg,  a 
county  in  the  W.  part  of  Kentucky,  has  an  area  of  about  484 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  Green  River, 
on  the  E.  by  Muddy  River,  and  also  drained  by  Pond  River. 
The  surface  is  partly  undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Tobacco, 
Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Mines  of 
coal  have  been  opened  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Newport  News  <t  Mississippi  Vulley  Railroad,  and  the 
Louisville  A  Nashville  Railroad.  Capital,  Greenville.  Pop. 
in  1870,  12,638;  in  1880,  15,098;  in  1890,  17,955. 

Muhlenbnrg,  township,  Pickaway  co.,  0.     Pop.  997. 

Muhlenburg  Mine,  a  station  and  coal-mine  in  Muh- 
lenburg CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  Louisville  A  Paducah  Railroad,  2 
miles  N.E.  of  Greenville. 

Miihlhansen,  miil'hSw^zfn  (Fr.  iluhlhouse,  mii^Iooz'), 


a  town  of  Prussio,  29  miles  N.W.  of  Erfurt,  on  the  Unitru 
It  has  4  churches,  a  gymnasium,  3  hospiUils,  on  oriiha 
oaylum,  a  workhouse,  un  institution  for  ibo  educatiun  c 
neglected  children,  manufactures  of  linen  and  woollen  cli.il 
leather,  and  tobacco,  and  several  browcrifs,  diiitiljories.  an 
oil-mills.  Copper  and  iron  ore  are  worked  in  tbe  niiirl 
borhood.     Pop.  20,926.    See  also  MI'lhausbn. 

Milhlhautten  (anc.  MtUJuuumr),  a  town  of  Dohomli 
15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Tabor.     Pop.  3310. 

MUhlhcim,  miirhim,  a  village  of  Germany,  In  lieu 
on  the  Rodaubach,  near  the  Jlain.     Pop.  1731, 

MUhlingcn,mii'ling-fn,  is  the  nnme  of  two  oontiguoi 
villages  of  Anhalt-Bernburg.     Pop.  2682, 

Milhltrotl',  miil'trOf,  a  town  of  Saxony,  10  mill 
W.N.W.  of  Plauen.     Pop.  2161. 

Muhr,  a  river  of  Austria.    See  Mi;r. 

Muhrag,  or  Mahrag,  ma-rig',  a  town  of  Indin,  F( 
rozcpoor  district.     Pop.  5681. 

Mu^hutwar',  a  town  of  India,  North-West  Province 
division  of  Benares.     Pop.  8301. 

Muidcn,  moi'd^n,  a  fortified  town  of  the  Nethcrland 
in  North  Holland,  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Amsterdam,  at  tl 
mouth  of  the  Vecht  in  the  Zuyder  Zee.     Pop.  1613. 

Muiderberg,  moi'd<jr-b6uo',  a  village  of  the  Nctho 
lands,  2  miles  E.  of  Muiden. 

Muilrca,  or  Muirca,  mOrri',  a  mountain-range  ( 
Ireland,  co.  of  Mayo,  screening  the  N.  side  of  Killcry  lU 
bor.     Elevation  of  highest  summit,  2688  feet. 

Muir,  mflre,  a  post-village  in  Lyons  township,  Ionia  ec 
Mich.,  on  the  N.  bank  of  Grand  River,  opposite  the  villttRo  t 
Lyons,  and  on  the  Detroit  A  Milwaukee  Railroad,  7  utiles  1 
of  Ionia,  and  41  miles  E.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  a  nation 
bank,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  3  churches, 
machine-shop,  6  lumber-mills,  a  foundry,  and  manufoctur 
of  sash  and  blinds.     Pop.  aiwut  900. 

Muiravonsidc,  mur-a'v9n-side,  a  village  of  Sootlani 
CO.  of  Stirling,  5  miles  E.S.E.  of  Falkirk.  It  has  mar 
elegant  mansions,  an  ancient  castle,  and  romantic  sccncr 
The  Edinburgh  A  Glasgow  Railway  is  hero  carried  aero 
the  Avon  on  a  superb  viaduct.     Pop.  of  parish,  2653. 

Muirkirk,  mur'kirk,  a  large  village  of  Scotland,  o 
and  21  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ayr  by  railway.  It  has  extcnsii 
iron-smelting-works  and  coal-mines.     Pop.  3797. 

Muirkirk,  mur'kirk,  a  post-village  of  Prince  George 
CO.,  Md.,  on  the  AVashington  Branch  of  the  Baltimore 
Ohio  Railroad,  24  miles  S.W.  of  Baltimore.  I(  boa  a  cbun 
and  a  furnace  for  pig-iron. 

Muirton,  mu'^r-t^n,  or  Murton,  mur't^n,  a  pot 
hamlet  of  Grundy  co..  Mo.,  in  Myers  township,  7  miles  J 
of  Spickardsville  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Muitzeskil,  mut'zes-kll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rensselai 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Schodack  township,  2i  miles  from  Schoda( 
Landing.     It  has  a  church  and  a  distillery. 

Mukallah,  a  town  of  Arabia.    Sec  Makallab. 

Mukdccsha,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Magadoxo. 

Mukden,  a  city  of  Manchooria.    See  Mookdek. 

Mukenai,  the  Greek  for  MvcEXiE. 

Mukhmas,  miik-mis'  (probably  the  Mich'math  i 
Scripture),  a  considerable  village  of  Palestine,  7  mil 
E.N.E.  of  Jerusalem,  surrounded  by  fig-  and  olive-plonti 
tions,  but  without  any  vestiges  of  antiquity. 

Mnkilte'o,  a  post- village  of  Snohomish  co.,  Wnshinj 
ton,  on  Puget  Sound,  48  miles  N.  of  Tacoma.  It  baa 
brewery,  and  a  cannery  for  salmon. 

Mukknd,  muk-kild',  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  lat.  i'i 
10'  N.,  Ion.  71°  50'  E.,  on  the  Indus,  about  20  miles  obo\ 
Caulabagh. 

Mukonos,  an  island  of  Greece.    See  Mrcosns. 

Mukran,  a  province  of  Beloochistan.    See  Mekras. 

MukHsnr',  town  of  India,  Ferozcpoor  district.    P.  469 

Muktul,  muk-tul',  or  Mug'dul,  a  town  of  Indi 
Nizam's  dominions,  88  miles  S.W.  of  Hyderabad,  and 
British  military  station. 

Mnk^urdapooram',  a  district  of  India,  in  the  Cochi 
state.     Area,  418  square  miles.     Pop.  114,974. 

Muk'wa,  a  township  of  Waupaca  co..  Wis.    Pop.  966 

Mukwon'ago,  a  post-villogo  of  Waukesha  co.,  Wis 
in  Mukwonago  township,  about  26  miles  S.AV.  of  Milwar 
kee.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  flour-mil 
Pop.  about  400;  of  the  township,  1135. 

Mula,  moo'Il,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  20  mil* 
W.  of  Murcia.  Pop.  6610.  It  has  manufactures  of  |>oi 
tery,  and  in  its  neighborhood  are  warm  mineral  baths. 

Mulahaccn,  moo-li-i-thin',  or  Muihaccn,  mooI-J 
thin',  in  Granada,  Spain,  is  the  highest  mountain-suium 
in  the  Spanish  peninsula,  and,  with  the  exception  of  tl 
Alps,  the  highest  in  Europe,  having  an  elevation  of  lljO« 


r" 


MUL 


1917 


MUL 


oct  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Lat.  37°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  .3° 
s'  W.  It  is  perpetually  covered  with  snow  above  the 
u'ight'of  9500  feet.    See  Sierra  Nevada. 

Mul'berry,  a  post-office  of  Autauga  co.,  Ala.,  about  16 
nilcs  E.N.E.  of  Selina. 

Mulberry,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Ark.,  on  the 
,ittlo  Rock  <fc  Fort  Smith  Railroad,  28  miles  E.  of  Fort 
-mith.    It  has  3  churches  and  6  business  houses. 

Mulberry,  a  post-haralet  of  Jackson  co.,  Ga.,  about  54 
nilcs  N.E.  of  Atlanta.     It  has  a  church. 

.Ilulberry,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
,;ifavettc,  Muncie  <fc  Bloomington  Railroad,  15  miles  E.S.E. 
1'  Lafayette. 

Mulberry,  a  township  of  Clay  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  521. 

Mulberry,  a  post-office  of  Saline  co.,  Kansas,  9  miles 
C.  of  Brookville  Railroad  Station. 

Mulberry,  a  |iost-village  of  Bates  co.,  Mo.,  14  miles 
'.S.E.  of  La  Cygne,  Kansas.  It  has  a  church,  a  machine- 
hop,  Ac. 

Mulberry,  a  post-township  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C.,  48 
ailes  N.N.W.  of  Statesville.     Pop.  1362. 
'  Mulberry,  a  post-office  of  Clermont  co.,  0. 
'  Mulberry,  a  post-office  of  York  co..  Pa.,  12  or  13  miles 
V.  of  York. 

Mulberry,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co.,  Tonn.,  about 
2  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Nashville.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
igh  school.     Pop.  124. 

Mulberry  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Geauga  co.,  0., 
bout  22  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Cleveland,     It  has  a  steam  mill. 

Mulberry  Creek,  Alabama,  rises  in  Baker  co.,  runs 
iiithwarJ  along  the  AV.  border  of  Autauga  co.,  and  enters 
!ie  Alabama  River  about  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Selma. 

Mulberry  Creek,  Georgia,  runs  southwestward,  and 
nters  the  Chattahoochee  River  in  Harris  co. 

Mulberry  Creek,  Kansas,  rises  in  Ellsworth  co.,  runs 
astward,  and  enters  Saline  River  in  Saline  CO.,  about  3 
jilcs  N.  of  Salina. 

Mulberry  Creek,  North  Carolina,  rises  in  Caldwell 
3.,  runs  S.,  and  enters  the  Catawba  in  Burke  co. 

Mulberry  Fork  or  River,  Alabama,  rises  in  Blount 
D.,  runs  southwestward  through  Walker  co.,  and  enters  the 
[Hack  Warrior  River  on  the  W.  boundary  of  Jefferson  co. 

It  is  about  130  miles  long. 
Mulberry  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co.,  Tenn., 
a  Powells  River,  about  52  miles  N.N.E.  of  Knoxville.    It 

as  2  churches. 

Mulberry  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Harris  co.,  Ga.,  about 
J  miles  N.  of  Columbus. 

Mulberry  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Bond  co..  111.,  in 
[ulbcrry  Grove  township,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  & 
erre  Haute  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Vandalia,  and 

B  miles  from  St.  Louis.     It  has  2  churches  and  several 

fores.    Pop.  about  500;  of  the  township,  1738. 

'  Mulberry  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Kan- 
.?,  about  22  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Fort  Scott.    Pop.  54. 
Mulberry  River,  Alabama,  is  one  of  the  head  forks 
'  the  Tuscaloosa. 

Mulberry  River,   Arkansas,  a  small  stream  which 
•ains  part  of  Johnson  co.,  runs  southwestward,  and  enters 
le  Arkansas  River  in  Franklin  co. 
Mulchen,  mool-chen',  a  town  of  Chili,  province  of 

jlobio,  25  miles  S.S.W.  of  Los  Angeles.     Pop.  4828. 

j  Mulde,  mool'd^h,  a  river  of  Saxony,  Prussia,  and  An- 

jilt,  rises  in  the  Erzgebirge,  and,  after  a  N.  course  of  130 
Mes,  joins  the  Elbe  on  the  left,  at  Dessau. 
Mul'don,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co..  Miss.,  on  the 
obile  (fc  Ohio  Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Aberdeen.  A 
anch  railroad  connects  it  with  Aberdeen.  It  has  a  church. 
bout  3000  bales  of  cotton  are  shipped  here  annually. 
Mul'draugh,  a  post-village  of  Meade  co.,  Ky.,  near 
0  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  Louisville  &  Great  Southern 
lilroad,  26  miles  S.S.W,  of  Louisville,     It  has  a  church, 

I  It-wells,  and  a  fine  railroad  bridge.     Pop.  about  300. 

iMule  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Brooks  co.,  Ga. 
Male  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Ellsworth  co..  Kansas. 

jMul'grave,  a  cape  and  port  on  the  N,W.  coast  of 

Ilaska,  and  on  Behring's  Strait.  The  port,  lat.  590  33'  N., 
1.  139°  43'  W.,  has  anchorage  for  large  vessels. 
Mul'grave,  a  post-village  in  Welland  co.,  Ontario,  15 
lies  S.E.  of  Port  Robinson.  It  has  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  100. 
Mul'grave  Archipelago,  Pacific  Ocean,  in  Micro- 
sia,  comprises  various  groups  between  lat.  3°  S.  and  12° 
and  Ion.  160°  and  177°  B.,  including  the  Radack,  Ralick, 
iirshall  and  Mulgrave  Islands. 

Mulgrave  Islands,  a  group  in  the  North  Pacific 
can,  in  the  above  archipelago,  about  lat.  6°  14'  N.  and 
1.  171°  56'  E. 


Miilhacen,  a  mountain  of  Spain.    See  Mclahaceit. 

Mulhar,  a  town  of  Bengal.    See  Malhar. 

Miilhausen,  miil'hOw^z^n  (Fr.  Mulhoute,  miirooz'; 
anc.  AfUibiHiim  ?),  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  61  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Strasburg,  on  the  railway  to  Basel.  It  is  divided 
into  the  old  and  the  new  town.  The  former  stands  on  aa 
island  formed  by  the  111,  which  here  divides  into  several 
branches  and  is  crossed  by  four  bridges.  The  streets  are 
generally  winding,  but  tolerably  wide,  well  paved,  and 
clean,  and  lined  with  well-built  houses.  The  principal 
buildings  are  the  Reformed  and  Roman  Catholic  churches, 
hotel-de-villc,  and  college.  The  new  town,  S.E.  of  the 
old,  extends  from  the  right  bank  of  the  111  to  the  Rhone 
&  Rhine  Canal,  which  has  here  a  capacious  basin.  Tho 
streets  are  spacious  and  regular.  Till  the  middle  of  tho 
last  century,  the  only  manufacture  of  any  consequence  in 
the  town  was  woollen  cloth  ;  but  the  manufacture  of  cotton 
prints  and  muslins  has  made  such  progress  that  Miilhausen 
now  ranks  as  an  important  manufacturing  town.  In  addition 
to  the  branches  already  mentioned,  others  have  been  intro- 
duced, particularly  flowered  silks,  damask  and  other  linen, 
hosiery,  gloves,  morocco,  hardware,  straw  hats,  paper, 
starch,  parchment,  And  chemical  products.  There  are  also 
numerous  worsted-  and  flax-mills,  extensive  engine-works, 
and  tanneries.  The  trade  is  very  important,  and,  in  ad- 
dition to  the  articles  of  manufacture,  includes  corn,  wine, 
brandy,  groceries,  and  raw  cotton.  Miilhausen  possesses  a 
court  of  commerce,  chamber  of  manufactures,  industrial 
society,  and  communal  college.  It  was  formerly  the  capital 
of  a  small  republic,  but  in  1798  it  became  incorporated  with 
France.     Pop.  in  1875,  58,463;  in  1890,  76,892. 

Mulhecabad,  or  Alalliabad,  miiree-a-blLd',  a  town 
of  India,  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lucknow.     Pop.  7333. 

Miilheim,  or  Miillheim,mul'hlme,  a  town  of  Baden, 
on  a  railway,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Freiburg.     Pop.  3089. 

Miilheim-  (or  Miillheim-)  am-Rhein,  miirbima 
im  rhin,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  government  and  3 
miles  N.E.  of  Cologne,  on  the  Rhine,  here  crossed  by  a  sus- 
pension-bridge. It  has  2  churches  and  a  synagogue,  ship- 
building docks,  manufactures  of  silk,  cotton,  eassimcre, 
leather,  vinegar,  brandy,  ribbons,  velvet,  Ac,  and  a  trade 
in  corn  and  timber.     Pop.  17,353. 

Miilheim-am-Ruhr,  miil'hime  &m  rooR,  a  town  of 
Rhenish  Prussia,  government  and  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Dus- 
seldorf,  on  the  Ruhr,  which  here  becomes  navigable.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  synagogue,  a  casino,  manufactures  of 
woollen  and  linen  cloth,  paper,  tobacco,  soap,  starch,  glass, 
cottons,  and  gunpowder,  a  large  factory  at  which  steam- 
engines  are  made,  ship-building  yards,  and  an  important 
trade,  particularly  in  coal,  which  is  worked  in  the  neigh- 
borhood.    Pop.  15,277. 

Muihouse,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  MClhacsek. 

Mulk,  mulk,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor,  62  miles  S.W.  of 
Angora,  with  some  curious  caverns. 

Mulkapoor,  or  Malkapur,  murk&-poor',  a  town  of 
India,  in  Berar,  65  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Akola.     Pop.  7988. 

Mul'keytown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  111.,  3 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Duquoin.     It  has  a  church. 

Mull,  mull,  one  of  the  largest  of  the  Hebrides  Islands, 
off  the  W.  coast  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Argyle.  Length,  30 
miles ;  breadth,  25  miles.  Pop.,  with  surrounding  islets, 
18,118.  Surface  rugged,  and  chiefly  moorland.  Chief  town, 
Tobermory.  The  Sound  of  Mull,  18  miles  long,  average 
breadth  2  miles,  separates  this  island  from  the  district  of 
Morven,  and  connects  Lochs  Linnhe  and  Sunart. 

MuPlaghmore',  Ireland,  a  promontory  of  Connaught, 
CO.  and  13  miles  N.  of  Sligo,  projecting  N.  into  Donegal 
Bay,  with  a  harbor  and  a  flshing-villago  on  its  E.  side. 

Mullangur,  maiiin-giir',  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Ni- 
zam's dominions,  88  miles  N.E.  of  Hyderabad. 

Alurienahone',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  26  miles 
E.  of  Tipperary.     Pop.  818. 

Mulienbach,  Transylvania.    See  Mchlenbach. 

Mul'let,  a  peninsula  of  the  W.  coast  of  Ireland,  co, 
of  Mayo,  connected  with  tho  mainland  by  a  narrow  isthmus. 

Mul'let  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Cheboygan  co.,  Mich., 
on  a  lake  of  the  same  name,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Petoskev 
The  lake  is  13  miles  long  and  5  miles  wide. 

Mullet  River,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Fond  du  Lao  co., 
runs  eastward  in  Sheboygan  co.,  and  enters  tho  Sheboygan 
River  at  Sheboygan  Falls. 

Mullett's  Creek,  of  Michigan,  enters  Huron  River 
3  miles  from  Ann  Arbor. 

Mul'ley's  Cove,  a  large  fishing-village  in  the  district 
of  Bay  de  Verds,  Newfoundland,  12  miles  from  Carbonear, 
Pop.  340. 

Mull  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Catawba  co.,  N.C. 


MUL 


1918 


MUN 


MUllhcim,  Gorraanj.    Seo  MUlheim. 

Mull'ica,  a  towntbip  of  Atlantic  oo.,  N.J.     Pop.  2205. 

Mullica  Hill,  a  ]>uat-villngo  in  Harrison  to\Tngk!|), 
Glouooster  co.,  N.J.,  17  luiios  S.  by  W.  of  Camden,  it  lius 
i  churches,  a  foundry,  n  moohino-ahop,  Ac. 

Mullicutt  Ilivcr.    See  Little  Eoo  IIardor. 

jttul'ligaii,  a  township  of  Brown  oo.,  Minn.    Pop.  312. 

Mulliguum,  niulMc-gnwu)',  or  Malliagauiii,  lu&rio- 
gawm'  (Hindoo,  Mnliijnnna,  iu&-lo-gr&'ui4),  a  town  and 
strong  fort  of  liritish  India,  presidency  and  ICU  miles  N.E. 
of  Bombay. 

Mul'liken*s,  a  station  in  Prince  Ocorge's  oo.,  Md.,  on 
the  Pope's  Creek  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  <t  Potomac  Ilail- 
road,  6  miles  S.  of  Bowie. 

AluPlinavnt'f  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  and  20  miles  S. 
by  E.  of  Killienny.     Pop.  631. 

MuPlingar'f  a  town  of  Ireland,  capital  of  the  co.  of 
'Westmcath,  un  the  Brosna,  and  on  the  Iloyal  Canal,  50  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Dublin.  It  has  a  handsome  parish  church  and 
Koman  Catholic  cathedral,  a  convent,  2  largo  schools,  county 
infirmary,  barracks,  and  market-house.     Pop.  5103. 

Mul'lins,  a  station  in  Kenton  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ken- 
tucky Central  Railroad,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Covington. 

Mullin's  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  S.C.,  on 
the  Wilmington,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  110  miles 
£.  of  Columbia.  It  has  several  churches,  and  manufac- 
tories of  rosin  and  turpentine. 

Mull  of  Gal'Ioway,  a  bold  rocky  headland  forming 
the  extreme  S.  point  of  Scotland,  in  lat.  54°  38'  6"  N.,  Ion. 
4°  51'  15"  AV.,  having  a  light-house  325  feet  above  the  sea. 

MulMoy's',  a  post-office  of  Robertson  co.,  Tenn. 

Mull  Uivcr,  a  post-settlement  in  Inverness  co.,  Nova 
Bcotia,  8  miles  from  Mabou.     Pop.  150. 

Miillrose,  milirro'z^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  of 
Brandenburg,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Frankfort,  on  the  canal  of 
Miillrose,  which  unites  the  Oder  and  Spree.     Pop.  2188. 

Mulrca  Mountains,  Ireland.    See  Muilui:a. 

Mul'roy  Bay,  a  deep,  sinuous  inlet  of  the  Atlantic, 
N.  coast  of  Ireland,  between  Sheephaven  Bay  and  Lough 
Swilly.     Length,  about  12  miles;  average  breadth,  1  mile. 

Miilsen  Sankt  Jacob,  miil's^n  sinkt  yi'kob,  a  vil- 
lage of  Saxony,  4  miles  E.  of  Zwickau.     Pop.  4528. 

Miilsen  Sankt  Niklas,  miil's^n  s2Lnkt  nik'lJLs,  a  vil- 
lage of  Saxony,  contiguous  to  the  above,  4i  miles  E.  of 
Zwickau.  Pop.  3068.  These  villages  have  important  man- 
ufactures of  cotton  goods,  hosiery,  oil,  &a. 

Multan,  a  city  of  Punjab.     See  Mooltax. 

Multedo,  mool-t4'do,  a  village  of  Italy,  division  and 
about  6  miles  from  Genoa.     Pop.  of  commune,  1832. 

Multno'mah,  the  most  populous  county  of  Oregon,  has 
an  area  of  440  square  miles.  It  is  in  the  N.W.  part  of  the 
state,  bounded  on  the  N.  bj-  the  Columbia  River,  and  inter- 
sected in  its  W.  part  by  the  Willamette  River,  which  enters 
the  Columbia  in  this  county.  The  surface  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Hay,  butter, 
lumber,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
is  intersected  by  the  North  Pacific  Railroad,  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad,  and  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad, 
branches  of  which  centre  at  Portland,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  11,510  J  in  1875,  15,367;  in  1880,  25,203;  in  1890, 
14,884. 

Mulweeya,  mo61-wee'yi,  or  Mnluia  (anc.  Mal'va), 
written  also  Moloia,  the  principal  river  of  Morocco,  rises 
in  the  Atlas,  near  32°  30'  N.  lat.  and  about  4°  20'  W.  Ion., 
and  flows  N.E.  to  the  Mediterranean.     Length,  350  miles. 

Mum'bles  Head,  Wales,  co.  of  Glamorgan,  bounds 
Swansea  Bay  on  the  W.,  and  has  a  light-house  in  lat.  51° 
34'  3"  N..  Ion.  3°  58'  10"  W. 

Mum'ford,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Wheatland  township,  on  Allen's  Creek,  18  miles  S.W.  of 
Rochester.  It  has  water-power,  3  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a 
machine-shop,  and  a  woollen-factory.  It  is  on  the  railroad 
•which  connects  Batavia  with  Canandaigua,  also  on  the 
Rochester  <k  State  Lino  Railroad.     Pop.  about  450. 

Mumford,  a  post-office  of  Robertson  co.,  Tex. 

MUmlisweil,  milm'lis-^ir,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Soleuro.     Pop.  1854. 

Mummasburg,  moom'maz-burg,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Adams  co.,  Pa.,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Gettysburg.  It  haa  a 
tannery  and  a  grist-mill. 

Muna,  an  island  of  the  East  Indies.     See  Moexa. 

Munassa,  moo-nis'sa,  a  town  of  India,  97  miles  E.  of 
Odeypoor. 

Mun'ccy,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  7 
miles  S.E.  of  Mount  Brydges.     Pop.  100. 

Miinchberg,  miinK'bino,  a  walled  town  of  Bavaria, 
Upper  Franconia,  on  the  Pulsnitz,  and  on  the  Neumarkt  & 


Ilof  Railway,  19  miles  N.N.E.  of  Baircuth.  Pop.  34.'}9.  ] 
is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  a  hospital  and  munufuotun 
of  cottons  and  linens. 

MUnchcberg,  mUnK'9h-bAR0\  a  town  of  Pnmin,  i 
Brandenburg,  21  miles  N.W.  of  Frankfort-on-tbe-OUe 
between  two  lakes.     Pop.  3823. 

Mtlnclicn,  a  city  of  Germany.    See  Muxicn. 

MiinclienbernHdorr,  miinK'vn-biiiusMouf,  a  town  . 
Qcriuuny,  .Siixo-Weimar,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ueru.  P.  225^ 

Mtiuchenbuchsoe,  miinK'vn-booK-.ii*,  a  village  o 
Switzerland,  canton  and  5  miles  N.  of  liurn.     Pop.  15yi. 

Mtinchen-  (or  M6nchen>)  Gladbach,  mlin'Kvr 
(or  miin'K^n-)  glid'biK,  a  town  of  lUioiilKh  Prussia,  I 
miles  by  rail  W.  by  S.  of  Dussoldorf.  It  li:i«  varied  nn 
extensive  manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  prints,  paper,  mo 
chincry,  woollens,  Ac.     Pop.  31,970. 

MUnchcngriitz,  milnK'^n-grits,  a  town  of  Bohomii 
8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Buntzlau,  on  the  Iser.     Pop.  3199. 
has  a  handsome  palace,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  cli 
and  of  cotton  and  linen  stufis. 

Miincbingcn,  miinK'ing-^n,  a  town  of  Wilrtomberi 
7  miles  N.W.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1420. 

Muncic,  mun'see,  a  post-office  of  Vermilion  oo..  Ill 
on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  &  Western  Railroad,  1 
miles  W.  of  Danville. 

Muncie,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Delaware  co.,  Ind.,  i 
Centre  township,  on  the  West  Fork  of  White  River,  5 
miles  N.E.  of  Indianapolis,  65  miles  S.  of  Fort  Wayni 
and  21  miles  W.  of  Winchester.  It  is  on  the  Fort  Wayne 
Muncie  &  Cincinnati  Railroad  where  it  cros^ses  the  Clev« 
land,  Columbus,  Cincinnati  &  Indianapolis  Railroad, and  is 
terminus  of  the  Lafayette,  Muncie  <t  Bloomington  Railroac 
It  contains  a  court-house,  6  churches,  2  national  banks, 
other  bank,  2  foundries,  a  chair-factory,  and  printing-officf 
which  issue  3  weekly  newspapers.     Pop.  in  1890,  11,345. 

Muncie,  a  post-village  of  Wyandotte  co.,  Kansas,  o; 
the  N.  bank  of  the  Kansas  River,  and  on  the  Kansas  Pa 
cifio  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Kansas  City.   It  has  2  churchci 

Muncie  Creek,  Indiana,  enters  the  White  River  i 
Delaware  co. 

Mun'cy,  a  post-borough  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  is  pleai 
antly  situated  in  a  valley  on  Muncy  Creek,  on  the  Cata 
wissa  &  Williamsport  Railroad,  1  mile  E.  of  the  Wu 
Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  2  miles  from  Munc; 
Station  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad,  and  14  mile 
E.  by  S.  of  AVilliamsport.  It  contains  5  churches,  a  natiunn 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  seminary  for  ladicc,  2  iron 
foundries,  a  plough-factory,  and  several  mills  for  lumbe 
and  flour.     Pop.  in  1890,  1295. 

Muncy  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Sullivan  co. 
runs  southwestward,  and  enters  the  West  Branch  of  th 
Susquehanna  River  at  Muncy,  in  Lycoming  co. 

Muncy  Creek,  township,  Lycoming  co..  Pa.    P.  1510 

Muncy  Station,  a  post-village  in  Clinton  township 
Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquebanni 
River,  and  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad,  2  mile 
from  Muncy,  and  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Williamsport. 

Muncy  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co..  Pa.,  oi 
Muncy  Creek,  about  27  miles  N.  of  Danville.  It  baa  i 
church,  a  tannery,  and  .a  flour-mill. 

Munda,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Moxda. 

Mundaca,  moon-d^'k&,  a  town  of  Spain, in  Bi8cay,l! 
miles  N.  of  Bilbao,  with  a  small  port.     Pop.  1912. 

Mundatta,  mun-dit't&,  a  town  of  India,  dominion: 
and  50  miles  S.E.  of  Indore,  on  an  island  in  the  Nerbudda 
It  has  a  remarkable  pagoda. 

Mundawul,  munMa-wul',  a  town  of.  India,  17  milei 
N.W.  of  Maheidpoor. 

Mun^dawur',  or  Mandawar,  miin-d.a-wfir',  a  towi 
of  India,  Bijnaur  district,  on  the  Ganges,  about  45  milei 
N.N.E.  of  Meerut.     Pop.  7622. 

Mun'day's  Ferry,  a  shipping-point  of  Woodford  co., 
Ky.,  on  the  Kentucky  River,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Uarrodsburg, 
It  is  at  the  head  of  navigation. 

Mundeah,  mun'de-i,  a  town  of  India,  Cutch,  on  it*  S, 
coast,  25  miles  E.  of  Mandavco. 

Mundelsheim,  raoon'd§ls-hime\  a  town  of  Wiirtom- 
berg,  9  miles  S.  of  lleilbronn,  on  the  Neckar.     Pop.  1610._ 

Miinden,  miin'd^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  13 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Gottingen,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Fulda 
and  Werra  Rivers,  here  forming  the  Wescr.  Pop.  5607.  II 
is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  an  old  castle,  a  gymnnsinm, 
many  churches,  and  manufactures  of  tobacco  and  pottery. 

Miinder,  miin'd^r,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  on 
the  Hamel,  22  miles  W.N.W.  of  Hildesheim.    Pop.  2242. 

Munderkingen,  m(5on'd?r-king'?n,  a  town  of  Wilr 
temberg,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Ehingen,  on  the  Danube. 


Muir 


1919 


MUN- 


Mnndessor,  munM5s-sor',  a  walled  town  of  India, 
,-aiior  dominions,  75  miles  N.W.  of  Oojein. 
Miiiidi)  or  3Iandi,  man'dee,  a  hill-state  of  India,  near 
)  Sutlej,  on  the  S.W.  slope  of  the  Himalaya.  Capital, 
indi.  Area,  1000  square  miles.  Pop.  134,000. 
Mundi,  miin'dee,  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  capital  of  a 
ahship,  in  the  Jullinder  Doab,  near  the  head  of  the  Beas, 
)  miles  E.  of  Amritsir.  It  has  a  massive  palace  and  a 
11-stocked  bazaar. 

Mund'Inh,  or  Mandla,  mund'li,  a  town  of  India, 
)ital  of  Mundlah  district,  55  miles  S.E.  of  Jubbulpoor. 
p.  4166. 

jiundlnh,  or  Mandia,  a  district  of  the  Central  Prov- 
es, India,  in  the  Jubbulpoor  division.  Area,  4719  square 
lc3.    Pop.  213,013. 

Mundlcysir,  miindMc-seer',  a  town  of  India,  on  the 
ibudda,  here  crossed  by  a  ferry,  5  miles  E.  of  Mheysur. 
is  enclosed  by  a  mud  wall,  defended  by  a  well-built  stone 
t,  and  carries  on  a  considerable  trade,  being  on  the  great 
mnercial  thoroughfare  between  Northwest  India  and 
;  Deccan. 

Mundo,  moon'do,  a  river  of  Spain,  falls  into  the  Segura 
the  district  of  Lietor,     Total  course,  about  60  miles. 
.>Iun^doo',  or  Mandu,  miin^doo',  a  town  of  India, 
imedabad  district.     Pop.  6774. 

Miin'dy,  a  post-township  of  Genesee  co.,  Mich.,  about 
iiiles  S.S.W.  of  Flint.  It  has  3  churches.  Pop,  1327. 
Muneepoor,  Muiinipoor,  Munnccpoor,  Muni- 
)or,  MauipuT)  mun^c-poor',  or  Munipoora,  miln^- 
loo'ni,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the  state  of  Munee- 
or.    Lat.  24°45'  N.;  Ion.  94°  E. 

Muneepoor,  called  also  Cas^say',  a  native  state  of 
lo-China,   between   Burmah   and   Assam.     Area,   7600 
[iiare  miles.     It  is  a  large  mountain-valley,  difficult  of 
iiess,  and  is  under  British  protection.     Pop.  126,000. 
'iHuneer,  a  town  of  India.     See  Moneah. 
Munera,  moo-ni'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  31 
les  W.N.W.  of  Albacete.     Pop.  2047.' 
Muneville-le-Bingard,  miinVeol'-l§h-bi>-"'gaR',  a 
lage  of  France,  in  Manche,  arrondissement  of  Coutances. 
'i>Iun'ford,  a  post-village  of  Talladega  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
ilma,  Rome  &  Dalton  Railroad,  76  miles  S.W.  of  Rome, 
L.    It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  several  stores. 
IMun'fordville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hart  co., 
•.,  on  the  Green  River,  and  on  the  Louisville  &  Nashville 
ilroad,  73  miles  S.  of  Louisville,  and  41  miles  N.E.  of 
;  wling  Green.    It  has  a  church  and  a  seminary.    P.  249. 
jtAIungasht,  moon^gAsht',  a  strong  fortress  of  Persia, 
ovince  of  Khoozistan,  on  the  Jerahi,  70  miles  S.E.  of 
ooster,  at  the  foot  of  the  Mungasht  Mountains,  a  coutin- 
tion  of  the  Zagros  chain. 

lillungeli,  a  town  of  India.    See  Moongailee. 
[Mungeii,  mun'j^n,  a  post-office  of  Wood  co.,  0.,  in  Lib- 
ij  township,  on  the  Mansfield  &  Coldwater  Railroad. 
*Munger,  mving'g§r,  a  post-office  of  Bay  co.,  Mich.,  on 
k  Detroit  &  Bay  City  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Bay  City. 
Mnngers,  Ontario.    See  Harrow. 
iMttngersdorf,  miing'^rs-doRf,  a  village  of  Germany, 
the  railway  from  Aix-la-Chapelle  to  Cologne,  5  miles 
im  Cologne.     Pop.  of  commune,  6231. 
Mnngerville,  Shiawassee  co.,  Mich.    See  Burtox. 
Mnnghur,  mtingViir',  a  walled  town  of  India,  Odey- 
for  dominions.    Pop.  4000. 

IMunglour,  mung-loor',  a  town  of  India,  North-West 
^evinces,  division  Mcerut.     Pop.  10,206. 
IMonguia,  moon-ghee'i,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Biscay, 
[niles  N.E.  of  Bilbao.     Pop.  1073. 

jMungnlgheree,  mung-gul-gh5r'reo,  a  town  of  British 
tdia,  presidency  of  Madras,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Guntoor. 
plungulwara,  mung-gul-wi'rd,  a  walled  town  of  India, 
|ttarah  dominions,  50  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bejapoor. 
IMiinhemuge,  Africa.  See  MoxoMOEi!!. 
flttunich,  mu'nik  (Ger,  M'dnchen,  miin'K?n  ;  Sp.  Mona- 
■io,mo-ni'che-o;  It.  Manica,  moo-nee'ki ;  L.  Mona'chnim), 
''i  capital  city  of  Bavaria  and  of  the  province  of  Upper 
..yaria,  on  the  Isar,  here  crossed  by  3  bridges,  225  miles 
I.  of  Vienna,  and  35  miles  S.E.  of  Augsburg.  Lat.  (of 
'auenkirche,  1690  feet  above  the  sea)  48°  8'  20"  N.;  Ion. 
°  34'  42"  E.  Pop.  in  1890,  348,317,  including  Sendling. 
is  finely  situated  in  a  plain,  and  within  the  present  cen- 
fry  its  extent  has  been  trebled  by  the  addition  of  new 
farters  and  suburbs  :  it  has  a  handsome  and  lively  general 
|pearance.  In  the  old  city  numerous  streets  diverge  from 
lentral  square,  the  Haupt-Platz;  in  the  other  quarters  are 
SMax-Josephs-Platz,  one  of  the  finest  squares  in  Europe, 
ine  broad  line  of  street  extending  from  N.W.  to  S.E.,  with 
«t  of  its  principal'  structures  on  its  W.  and  N.  sides; 


these  comprise  the  new  Pinacothek  and  Glyptothck,  or 
museums  of  painting  and  ancient  sculpture,  rich  in  choice 
works  of  art,  the  former  containing  300,000  engravings; 
the  royal  palace,  the  cathedral,  built  in  1468  and  having  2 
towers  333  feet  in  height  and  a  fine  monument  of  the  Em- 
peror Louis  of  Bavaria,  the  churches  of  the  Theatines, 
Jesuits,  Mariahilf,  Frauenkirche,  St.  Michael's,  St.  Louis, 
All  Saints,  St.  Kajetan,  Ludwig's  Kirche,  and  the  Basilica, 
all  richly  ornamented  with  fresco  painting  and  stained 
glass,  Protestant  and  Greek  churches,  a  synagogue,  a  fine 
opera-house,  and  a  post-office.  In  one  square  is  an  obelisk 
100  feet  in  height,  partly  formed  of  cannon  taken  by  the 
Bavarians,  and  in  another  is  an  equestrian  statue,  by  Thor- 
waldsen,  of  the  Elector  Maximilian  I.  Adjacent  to  the  pal- 
ace is  the  Hofgarten,  a  space  surrounded  by  arcades,  and 
near  this  is  a  park.  Among  other  important  buildings  aro 
the  corn  hall,  the  old  Rathhaus,  the  new  Rathhaus,  the 
propylaea,  the  museum,  the  theatres,  and  the  Festsaalbau. 

Among  the  public  establishments  are  the  Leuchtenberg 
gallery,  formed  by  Prince  Eugene  Bcauharnais,  an  academy 
of  arts,  with  a  triennial  exhibition,  salaried  professors,  and 
pensioned  students,  and  a  magnetical  and  meteorological 
observatory.  The  university,  removed  from  Landshut  in 
1826,  has  about  125  professors  and  1400  students,  280,000 
volumes  and  many  manuscripts,  and  attached  to  it  2  colleges, 
and  philological  and  theological  schools,  a  polytechnic,  and 
numerous  other  schools  of  art  and  science.  The  royal  library, 
occupying  a  stately  building,  has  800,000  volumes,  400,000 
pamphlets,  and  22,600  manuscripts.  Here  is  also  the  Bra- 
zilian collection  made  by  Spix  and  Von  Martins.  Munich 
is  the  residence  of  ambassadors  and  ministers  from  the  dif- 
ferent courts  of  Europe,  and  the  seat  of  the  high  courts  of 
legislature  and  of  law,  and  of  all  the  more  important  offices 
of  the  state.  Except  some  bronze  and  iron  castings,  stained 
glass,  beer,  wax-cloth,  wall-paper,  silk,  and  sugar,  Munich 
has  few  manufactures ;  but  its  telescopes  and  mathematical 
instruments  are  famous,  and  it  is  greatly  resorted  to  by  culti- 
vators of  the  fine  arts.  Many  newspapers  and  magazines  are 
printed  here.  In  a  meadow  to  the  W.  is  the  colossal  bronze 
statue  ot  Bavaria,  by  Schwanthalcr,  84  feet  high.  Near  it 
is  the  "  Hall  of  Fame."  Munich  is  said  to  derive  its  name 
from  having  been  founded  (in  962)  on  a  site  belonging  to  a 
fraternity  of  vxonlcs  (in  German,  Miinchen,  or  MUnchen).  It 
was  walled  by  Otho  IV.  in  1157. 

Muiiicsa,  moo-ne-i'sS.,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Aragon,  50 
miles  from  Teruel.     Pop.  1553. 

Munilla,  moo-neel'yi,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
28  miles  S.S.E.  of  Logrono,     Pop.  1770. 

Mu'nising,  a  post-village  of  Schoolcraft  co.,  Mich.,  is 
finely  situated  in  Munising  township,  on  Grand  Island  Bay 
of  Lake  Superior,  40  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Marquette,  and  6 
miles  E.  of  Onota.  It  has  a  good  landlocked  harbor,  and 
a  blast-furnace  for  pig-iron.    P.  of  Munising  township,  472. 

Munkacs,  moon^kitch',  a  town  of  Hungary,  on  the 
Latorcza,  80  miles  N.E.  of  Debreczin.  Pop.  8602.  It  has 
a  strong  hill-fortress,  used  as  a  prison,  Greek,  Roman  Cath- 
olic, Calvinistic,  and  Lutheran  churches,  and  manufactures 
of  hosiery,  alum,  iron,  and  wine.  In  its  vicinity  are  mines 
of  crystal.  It  was  taken  by  the  Imperialists  in  1687,  after 
a  siege  of  three  years. 

Munkere,  a  town  of  the  Punjab.    See  Maunkaira. 

Munlochy,  miin-loK'ee,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Ross,  on  an  inlet  of  Moray  Firth,  1 3  miles  S.W.  of  Cromarty. 

Mun'nerlyn,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Burke  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  Central  Railroad,  about  40  miles  S.  of  Augusta.  Here 
are  3  stores. 

Miinnerstadt,  miin'n^r-st&tt^  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on 
the  Lauer,  35  miles  N.N.E.  of  Wurzburg.     Pop.  2063. 

Muuniar,  miin^ne-ar',  a  town  of  India,  North-Wcst 
Provinces,  division  Benares.     Pop.  6124. 

Miinn's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Moore  co.,  N.C.,  on 
the  Raleigh  &,  Augusta  Railroad,  50  miles  S.W,  of  Raleigh. 

Munns'ville,  or  Muus'villc,  a  post-village  of  Madi- 
son CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Stockbridge  township,  on  Oneida  Creek, 
and  on  the  New  York  <fc  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  9  miles 
S.  of  Oneida,  and  about  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Utica,  It  has 
a  church,  a  tannery,  and  a  manufactory  of  farming-imple- 
ments.    Pop.  313. 

Munn'toAvn,  a  post-office  of  Washington  oo.,  Pa.,  about 
20  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Pittsburg. 

Munnypoor,  India.    See  Muneepoor. 

Muno,  mii'no,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of  Lux- 
embourg, 32  miles  W.N.W.  of  Arlon.     Pop.  1400. 

Alunquart,  New  Brunswick.    See  Bath. 

Munroe  (miin-ro')  Falls,  a  post-office  of  Summit  CO.,  0. 

Milnsingen,  miin'sing-^n,  a  village  of  Switzerland} 
canton  and  7  miles  S.E.  of  Bern.     Pop.  1211. 


ytvs 


1920 


MUR 


MUnsingen,  mUn'sing-fn,  a  town  of  WUrUmborg,  28 
milM  W.  of  Ulm.     Pop.  185«. 

Man'son,  a  township  of  Henry  oo.,  III.     Pop.  1171. 

Munson,  a  township  of  Stearns  oo.,  Minn.     Pop.  700. 

Munson,  a  township  of  Oeauga  oo.,  0.  Pop.  761.  It 
oontains  FowlorV  Mills. 

Miinson  Hill,  a  post-offioe  of  Ashtabula  oo.,  0.,  on 
tho  Ashtiibula,  Youngstown  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  6  miles 
S.  nf  AMhtiibula. 

iHuu'sonville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Nelson  township, 
Choehire  oo.,  N.H.,  10  miles  N.N.B.  of  Keene.  It  has  a 
cot  ton-factory,  a  lumber-mill,  Ac. 

Munsonville,  a  post-office  of  Fulton  co.,  N.Y. 

Muii8ter  (L.  Afomo'nin),  the  most  S.  and  largest  of  the 
four  provincos  of  Ireland,  having  N.  Connaught,  N.K. 
Leinster,  and  on  other  sides  St.  George's  Channel  and  the 
Atlantic  Ooean.  Area,  9476  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1841, 
2,:<l»6,161  J  in  1891,  1,1«8,994.  Surface  highly  diversified. 
Silurian  rooks,  old  red  sandstone,  and  limestone  form  the 
basis  of  the  district.  Coal  is  found  in  Tipperary,  Kerry, 
and  Cork.  The  N.  part  is  watered  by  the  Shannon  River, 
and  the  E.  by  the  Suir.  Several  parallel  mountain-ranges 
separate  the  basins  of  the  Blackwator,  Bandon,  Leo,  and 
Lnune,  terminating  in  rocky  peninsuliva  on  the  W.  coast, 
bounding  Dingle,  Kenmore,  Bantry,  Dunmanus,  and  other 
bays.  Lough  Dorg  is  on  the  N.  border,  and  the  Lakes  of 
Killarney  are  in  this  province.  The  province  is  divided 
into  the  counties  of  Cork,  Clare,  Kerry,  Limerick,  Tippe- 
rary, and  Waterford.  Before  the  Norman  conquest  it  was 
separated  into  the  kingdoms  of  North  and  South  Munster. 

MUnstcr,  miin'st^r  (L.  Monaste'rium),  a  town  of  Prus- 
sia, capital  of  Westphalia  and  of  a  government  of  its  own 
name,  on  the  Aa,  78  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cologne,  with  which, 
and  with  Hanover,  it  is  connected  by  railway.  It  was  once 
fortified,  and  is  still  entered  by  8  gates,  though  the  for- 
tifications have  boon  levelled  and  planted  and  now  form 
agreeable  promenades.  The  principal  edifices  are  the 
cathedral,  an  ancient  Gothic  structure,  the  three  other 
churches  of  Oberwasser,  St.  Leger,  and  St.  Lambert,  all  in 
the  purest  Gothic,  the  town  house,  also  a  beautiful  speci- 
men of  Gothic,  and  a  fine  hall,  called  the  Frieden-Saal,  from 
the  peace  of  Westphalia  having  been  signed  in  it  in  1648, 
the  exchange,  museum,  theatre,  house  of  correction,  and  an 
old  castle,  formerly  the  bishop's  palace,  and  now  occupied 
as  the  governor's  residence.  It  is  the  see  of  a  Roman  Catho- 
lic bishop,  and  possesses  a  Roman  Catholic  high  school, 
with  philosophical  and  theological  faculties,  a  gymnasium, 
deaf  and  dumb  institution,  veterinary  school,  school  of  de- 
sign, normal  seminary,  and  society  for  the  encouragement 
of  domestic  history  and  antiquities.  Tho  manufactures 
consist  chiefly  of  woollen,  linen,  and  cotton  goods,  leather, 
starch,  tobacco,  and  refined  sugar.  The  trade,  which  is 
considerable,  includes,  besides  the  above  articles  of  manu- 
facture, wine,  bacon,  hams,  Ac.  Miinster  was  long  governed 
by  independent  bishops,  in  whom  a  warlike  was  often  much 
more  conspicuous  than  a  Christian  spirit;  but  the  most 
memorable  events  in  the  history  of  the  town  occurred  in 
1535-36,  when  it  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  fanatics  John 
of  Leyden  and  Bernhard  KnipperdoUing,  who,  under  the 
pretext  of  Christian  freedom,  practised  the  grossest  abom- 
inations.    Pop.  in  1885,  44,025;  in  1890,  49,344. 

Mttnster,  a  government  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia, 
bounded  N.  by  Hanover.  Area,  2820  square  miles.  The 
principal  rivers  are  the  Ems  and  the  Lippe.  The  chief 
minerals  are  iron  and  coal.  About  six-sevenths  of  the  in- 
habitants are  Roman  Catholics.     Pop.  443,344. 

Miinster,  a  village  of  Hesse,  province  of  Starkenbnrg, 
near  Offenbach.     Pop.  1859. 

Munster,  m6Sn'st§r  (Fr.  pron.  mfiuo'staia'),  a  town  of 
Germany,  in  Alsace,  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Colmar.  Pop. 
5148.  It  has  manufactures  of  cotton,  edge-tools,  soap,  Ac. 
MUnster,  Switzerland.  See  Mootieb-Grandval. 
Mun'ster,  a  post-ofiice  of  La  Salle  co..  111.,  on  the 
Western  division  of  the  Chicago  A  Alton  Railroad,  4  miles 
W.  of  Streator.    Here  is  a  grain-elevator. 

Munster,  a  small  post-village  of  Cambria  co..  Pa.,  in 
Munster  township,  19  miles  by  rail  AV.S.W.  of  Altoona.  It 
is  on  the  branch  railroad  which  connects  Ebensburg  with 
Cresson.     Pop.  of  the  township,  598. 

Munsteroerg,  mlin'st^r-bfiRC^  a  town  of  Prussian  Si- 
lesia, 35  miles  S.  of  Breslau,  on  tho  Ohiau.  Pop.  5591.  It 
is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  breweries,  and  manufactures 
of  plush  and  cotton  stuffs. 

Miinstereifel,  miin'st^r-rf^l,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, 21  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cologne,  on  tho  Era.     Pop.  2312. 

Mtinstcrhausen,  miin'st^r-hSw^z^n,  a  town  of  Ba- 
varia, on  tho  Mindel,  22  miles  W.  of  Augsburg. 


MUnster-Mnyfeld,  mUn'st^r-ml'ffilt,  a  town  of  Rhea 
ish  Prussia,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Coblontz.     Pop.  1613. 

MUnstertlml,  mUn'Bt«r.t4l\  two  valloys  of  Swittei 
land,  one  in  tho  canton  of  Grisons,  tho  other  in  the  N.I 
part  of  tho  canton  of  Bern. 

Munsville,  Madison  co.,  N.Y.    See  Mdnhsvillk. 

Muntc,  niQn't?h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Etut  Flan 
ders,  9  miles  S.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  1000. 

Mun'tcrville,  a  post-office  of  Wapello  co.,  Iowa. 

Muntock,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Mintow. 

Muntok,  mUn-tok',  a  fortified  seaport  of  tho  island 
Banca,  capiUvl  of  a  Dutch  residency  on  the  S.W,  coast. 

MilnzcNheim,  mlint'sfs-hime^  a  Tillage  of  Badei 
circle  of  Middle  Rhine.     Pop.  1188. 

Munzifay,  moont'sd-fl'  (L.  Mom  Fn'gi),  a  town  o 
Bohemia,  with  a  town  house  and  a  hospital.     Pop.  1430. 

Muonio,  moo-o'ne-o,  a  river  of  Russian  Lapland,  joi 
the  Tornc4  after  a  S.  course  of  150  miles. 

Muottn-Thal,  moo-ot'ti-tAl\  a  lofty  secluded  vallo 
of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Schwytz,  traversed  by  the  riv« 
Muotta,  and  having  for  its  chief  place  the  village  of  MnotU 
4  miles  E.S.E.  of  Schwytz.     Pop.  1759. 

Mur,  or  Muhr,  moon,  a  river  of  Austro-IIungary,  rtg« 
in  Salzburg,  traverses  Styria  throughout,  and  joins  th 
Drave  on  the  left,  in  Hungary,  25  miles  E.  of  Warasdij 
after  a  S.E.  course  of  230  miles. 

Murad-Chai,  a  river  of  Turkey.   See  Moorad-Cbai. 

Murafa,  a  town  of  Russia.    Sco  Moorapa. 

Mnrano,  moo-ri'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  an  island 
mile  N.  of  Venice,  of  which  it  is  a  suburb.     It  has  mam 
factures  of  mirrors  and  other  glass-wares.    In  the  fiftecnt 
century  it  had  a  population  of  30,000,  and  its  glass-work 
have  been  celebrated  since  tho  eleventh  century.  Pop.  377( 

Muranum,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Morano. 

Muranyalla,  mooV<5n'y51'I6h\  a  village  of  Hangar] 
CO.  of  Gomiir-and-Kis-Hont,  40  miles  from  Hosennu. 

Muraschkino»,a  town  of  Russia.    Sco  Mooiia8HKI»< 

Murasson,  mUVis's6K»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Avej 
ron,  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Saint-Affrique.     Pop.  1341. 

Murat,  mii^rS,',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Can 
tal,  near  the  Alagnon,  30  miles  N.AV.  of  Aurillac,  at  th 
foot  of  Mount  Cantal.     It  has  2  tanneries.     Pop.  2854. 

Murat,  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Tarn,  30  miles  E.  of  C« 
tres.     Pop.  2072. 

Murau,  moo'rSw,  a  town  of  Styria,  on  the  Mur,  2 
miles  W.  of  Judenburg.     It  has  iron-works.     Pop.  1201. 

Muravera,  moo-ri-vi'ri,  Murera,  moo-rd'r4,  < 
Morera,  mo-ri'r4,  a  village  on  the  island  of  Sardinia,  1 
miles  N.B,  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  2051. 

Mnrazzano,  moo-rit-sa'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  prorinc 
of  Coni,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Mondovi.     Pop.  2119. 

MurbcHo,  a  village  of  Italy.    See  Morbello. 

Mur^a  de  Panoias,  mooR'.«9,  dd  pi-no'yls,  a  town  oi 
Portugal,  in  Tras-os-Montcs,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Villareal, 

Murchakoor,  or  Murchacur,  moorVhi-koor', 
largo  village  of  Persia,  35  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ispahan. 

Murcia,  miir'she-a  (Sp.  pron.  uiooR'the-4  ;  Fr.  Mureu 
miiR^seo' ;  anc.  VergUia),  a  city  of  Spain,  capital  of  a 
ancient  kingdom  and  modern  province  of  its  own  name,  o) 
the  Segura,  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cartagena.  Lat.  38°  N. 
Ion.  1°  10'  W.  Tho  city  is  surrounded  by  a  brick  wall,  am 
is  entered  by  3  principal  gates.  The  streets  are  general! 
broad,  straight,  and  well  paved ;  and  the  houses  are  mostl 
two  stories  high.  Among  the  principal  buildings  is  th 
cathedra],  a  fine  edifice,  begun  in  1353.  Tho  seat  of  th 
bishop  was  transferred  to  ]\Iurcia  from  Cartagena,  fron 
which  latter  he  still  takes  his  title.  In  the  plaza  stand 
the  episcopal  palace,  one  of  the  finest  edifices  of  its  class  ii 
Spain ;  and  in  close  proximity  to  it  the  colleges  of  St.  Ful 
gentius  and  St.  Isidore.  The  other  public  edifices  and  insti 
tutions  consist  of  the  College  of  St.  Leander,  which  is  ai 
academy  of  music  connected  with  the  cathedral,  the  Hos 
pital  of  St.  John,  a  house  of  refuge,  a  foundling  hospital 
the  town  house,  granary,  town  seminary,  an  instituttl 
founded  in  1837,  with  chairs  of  Latin,  Greek,  mathematicn 
mental  philosophy,  morals,  theology,  natural  history,  physi 
ics,  geography,  and  history,  a  normal  school,  a  school  oi 
design,  11  parish  churches,  with  several  nunneries  an< 
suppressed  convents,  a  bull-ring,  and  a  good  botanical  gar 
den.  The  town  has  manufactures  of  cloth,  baizo,  silk  stuffij 
linens,  hats,  gloves,  and  saltpetre,  also  dye-works,  notteriea 
tanneries,  soap-works,  and  flour-mills.  Considerable  com 
morco  is  carried  on  in  raw,  spun,  and  dyed  silks,  and  il 
some  of  the  other  manufactures  above  mentioned,  as  welf 
as  in  grain  and  fruits.  The  first  undoubted  mention  W 
Murcia  occurs  at  the  division  of  Spain  into  provinces,  b.l 
Yoosuf,  in  747 ;  and  it  soon  after  figures  as  one  of  the  pnn 


MUR 


1921 


MUR 


;ipal  Moorish  cities  in  Spain,  under  the  name  of  Mursiah. 
It  was  wrested  from  the  Moors  by  St.  Ferdinand  in  1240, 
[t  was  packed  by  the  French  during  the  Peninsular  War, 
ind  denuded  of  its  wealth  and  worlis  of  art.  Pop.  91,805. 
Marcia,  an  old  kingdom  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Spain, 
jorderin"  on  the  Mediterranean,  now  divided  into  the 
modern  provinces  of  Murcia  and  Albacete.  The  province 
Df  Murcia  has  an  area  of  4478  square  miles,  and  a  pop.  of 
i;)9  067.  It  is  traversed  by  several  ranges  of  mountains. 
^oil  ill  watered  and  infertile,  but  contains  iron-mines. 
Jlimate  hot;  the  palm  and  carob  grow  freely.  Chief 
iities,  Murcia,  Albacete,  Cartagena,  Elche,  and  Lorca. 
"Vfter  passing  through  the  hands  of  the  Romans  and  Goths, 
t  was  conquered  by  the  Moors  in  712,  and  continued,  with 
I  slight  interruption,  to  be  subject  to  the  caliphs  of  Cor- 
lova  till  1239,  when  it  was  raised  by  Mohammed-ben-Alee 

0  the  dignity  of  a  kingdom;  but  in  the  following  year 
t  was  declared  a  dependency  of  Castile,  with  which  it 

las  ever  since  been  united. Adj.  and  inhab.  MunciAN, 

uur'shc-an  (Sp.  Murciano,  mooR-the-i'no). 

Mur  de  BarreZj  miin  deh  baR^ni',  a  commune  of 
?'ranee,  in  Aveyron,  34  miles  N.N.E.  of  Rodez.     Pop.  1445. 

Mur'der  Creek,  Alabama,  rises  in  Conecuh  co.,  runs 
outhward,  and  enters  the  Conecuh  River  about  5  miles  E. 
if  Pollard.     Length,  nearly  70  miles. 

Murder  Island,  Madagascar.    See  First  Island, 

Miir'derkill,  a  creek  in  the  S.  part  of  Kent  co.,  Del., 
lows  E.  into  Delaware  Bay.  It  is  navigable  for  email 
•essels. 

Mur'dock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Douglas  co.,  111.,  on  the 
ndiana  <fc  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  47  miles  E.  of  De- 
Litur. 

Murdock,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas.     P.  219. 

Murdock,  a  post-office  of  Swift  co.,  Minn, 

Murdock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  0.,  in  Hamil- 
on  township,  3  miles  from  Loveland.     It  has  a  church. 

Murdock's,  a  hamlet  of  Greene  co..  Pa.,  8  miles  S.E. 
f  Waynesburg.     It  has  a  church, 

Mur'docksville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
'a.,  about  24  miles  W.  of  Pittsburg, 

Mure,  La,  13.  milR,  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
sere,  23  miles  S.  of  Grenoble.  Pop.  3533,  chiefly  employed 
n  manufactures  of  packing-cloth  and  nails, 

Murello,  moo-r5l'lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
oni,  about  7  miles  from  Saluzzo.     Pop,  of  commune,  1632. 

Murera,  a  village  of  Sardinia.    See  Muravera. 

Muret,  moo^ri'  (L.  Murel'lum),  a  town  of  France,  in 
laute-Garonne,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Toulouse.  It  has  manu- 
ictures  of  brandy,  woollen  cloth,  Ac.     Pop.  2509. 

Murfreesborough,  raQr'frees-biir-riih,  a  post-village, 
ipital  of  Pike  co..  Ark.,  on  the  Little  Missouri  River,  about 
15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Little  Rock.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
jtton-factory. 

Murfreesborough,  a  post-village  of  Hertford  co,, 
r.C,  in  Murfreesborough  township,  on  the  Meherrin  River, 
t  the  head  of  steam  navigation,  about  60  miles  AV.S.AV,  of 
'orfolk,  Va,  Lumber,  tar,  and  other  products  are  shipped 
ere.  It  has  5  churches,  2  female  colleges,  and  a  news- 
aper  office.     Pop.  753;  of  the  township,  1961, 

i  Murfreesborough,  a  handsome  post-town,  capital  of 
.utherford  co.,  Tenn.,  is  situated  in  a  plain,  on  the  Nash- 
ille  A  Chattanooga  Railroad,  30  miles  S.E,  of  Nashville, 
nd  119  miles  N.AV.  of  Chattanooga.  It  contains  6  white 
lurches,  4  colored  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  national 
inks,  a  female  college,  a  female  institute,  5  saw-mills,  a 
ouring-mill,  a  tannery,  a  planing-mill,  3  carriage-shops, 
id  a  manufactory  of  cedar  hollow-ware.  It  was  the  capi- 
1  of  Tennessee  from  1819  to  1826.  Near  this  place  was 
ught  a  great  battle  (called  the  battle  of  Stone  River), 
eoember  31,  1862-January  2,  1863,  between  the  Union 
Tces,  commanded  by  General  Rosecrans,  and  the  Confed- 
•ates,  under  General  Bragg.  Pop,  in  1890,  3739, 
Mnrg,  mSoRG,  a  river  of  South  Germany,  Wiirtemberg 
id  Baden,  rises  in  the  Black  Forest,  and,  after  a  N.  course 
'  4fl  miles,  joins  the  Rhine  4  miles  N.  of  Rastadt, 
Murg,  a  river  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Thurgau,  joins 
le  Thur  li  miles  N.  of  Frauenfeld. 

1  Mnrghab,  or  Murghaub.    See  Moorghaub. 
Mnrgis,  the  ancient  name  of  Almeria. 

Mur^god,  a  town  of  Belgaum  district,  India.  P.  7181. 
Muri,  moo'ree,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  2 
lies  S.E.  of  Bern.  Here  Charles  X.  resided  during  a  part 
the  French  revolutionary  period.  Pop,  1201. 
Muri,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Aargau,  18 
lies  S.E.  of  Aarau,  with  a  rich  Benedictine  abbey,  and 
ine  silk -manufactures.  Pop,  1959. 
Muriah6,  moo-ro-i-hi',  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the 


Serra  do  Pico,  state  of  Rio  Janeiro,  and  joins  the  Parahiba 
on  the  left. 

Murialdo,  moo-re-il'do,  a  town  of  North  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Genoa,  4 J  miles  S.S.W,  of  Millesimo,     Pop.  2204. 

Muribeca,  a  river  of  Brazil,    See  Cabapuana. 

Murillo  de  Rio  de  JLeza,  moo-reel'yo  di  ree'o  di 
li'thi,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  7  miles  S.E,  of  Lo- 
grofio,  on  the  Leza,     Pop,  1314, 

Murisengo,  moo-re-s5n'go,  a  village  of  Italy,  14  milei 
from  Casale,  on  the  Stura,     Pop.  2219. 

Muris  Saltus,  the  Latin  name  of  Meursault. 

Muritiba,  moo-re-tee'bi,  or  Pass6,  pis-sA',  a  village 
of  Brazil,  state  of  Baliia,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Cachoeira.  It 
has  2  handsome  churches  and  a  primary  school. 

Miiritz,  Lake,  a  lake  of  Germany,   See  Lake  MUritz. 

Mur'ley's  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co,, 
Md.,  about  10  miles  E,  by  N,  of  Cumberland, 

Murlo  di  Vescovado,  mooR'lo  dee  vds-ko-vi'do,  a 
village  of  Italy,  13  miles  from  Siena,  with  a  castle.  Pop, 
of  commune,  2500. 

Alurnau,  mooR'now,  a  town  of  Upper  Bavaria,  33  miles 
S.S.W,  of  Munich,     Pop.  1414. 

Muro,  moo'ro,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  19  miles 
N.AV,  of  Potenza,     Pop,  7954, 

Muro,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  8  miles  W.S,W. 
of  Otranto,     Pop.  1600. 

Muro,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Alicante.     Pop.  2682. 

Muro,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Majorca,  25  miles  N.E, 
of  Palma.     Pop.  3369, 

Murom,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Moorom, 

Muro 8,  moo'roce,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Co. 
runna,  30  miles  W,S,AV,  of  Santiago.     Pop.  2654. 

Mur'phree's  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Blount  co.^ 
Ala.,  about  46  miles  N.N.E.  of  Birmingham. 

Mur'phy,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cherokee  co.,  N.C., 
in  Murphy  township,  on  the  Hiawassee  River,  at  the  mouth 
of  Valley  River,  70  miles  S.  of  Knoxville,  Tenn.,  and  200 
miles  W.  of  Charlotte,  It  has  an  academy,  3  churches,  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Pop,  175;  of  township,  1545. 

Murphy,  a  post-office  of  Josephine  co.,  Oregon. 

Mur'phy's,  a  post-village  of  Calaveras  co.,  Cal.,  about 
45  miles  E.N.E,  of  Stockton,  and  15  miles  S,W.  of  Big 
Trees,     Gold  is  found  near  this  place. 

Murphy's,  a  station  in  Santa  Clara  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  42  miles  S.E.  of  San  Francisco. 

Murphysborough,mur'fiz-biIr-riih,  a  post-town,  cap- 
ital of  Jackson  co.,  111.,  in  Murphysborough  township, 
on  the  Big  Muddy  River,  and  on  the  Cairo  &  St.  Louis 
Railroad,  about  1  mile  N.  of  the  Grand  Tower  <t  Carbondala 
Railroad,  67  miles  N.  of  Cairo,  and  90  miles  S.S.E.  of  St. 
Louis,  Mo.  It  has  4  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  col- 
lege, a  bank,  a  foundr}',  a  machine-shop,  <fec.  Coal  is  mined 
near  this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  3880;  of  township,  5738. 

Mur'physburg,  a  former  village  of  Jasper  co..  Mo,,  7' 
miles  S.  of  Oronogo.     It  is  now  a  part  of  Joplin  City. 

Mur'phy's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wood  co.,  W,  Va,,  3 
miles  from  Kanawha  Station.  It  has  manufactures  of  oil- 
barrels,  (fee. 

Mur'physville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mason  co.,  Ky.,  about 

8  miles  S.AV.  of  Maysville,  It  has  2  churches,  a  woollen- 
mill,  and  a  flour-mill, 

Mur'ray  is  the  principal  river  in  Australia,  formed  by 
the  junction  of  numerous  streams  AV,  of  the  Australian 
Alps,  whence  it  proceeds  very  tortuously  westward  through 

9  degrees  of  longitude ;  and  after  passing  through  Laka 
Victoria,  it  enters  the  ocean  (Encounter  Bay)  in  lat,  35° 
20'  S.,  Ion.  139°  E,  Affluents,  the  Murrumbidgee,  with  the 
Laehlan  and  the  Darling.  It  is  important  for  its  fisheries, 
and  is  navigable  in  a  great  part  of  its  extent,  but  its 
mouth  is  too  shallow  to  be  entered  by  large  ships. 

Murray,  a  county  of  Scotland,  See  Moray, 
Mur'ray,  a  county  in  the  N,  part  of  Georgia,  borders 
on  Tennessee,  Area,  about  410  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  AV.  by  the  Connasauga  River,  and  on  the  S.E.  by  the 
Coosawattee.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  picturesque 
mountain- scenery,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  and  grass  are  the  staples.  Gold  is  found  in  this 
county,  also  beds  of  limestone.  Near  its  E.  and  AV.  borders 
railroads  traverse  the  adjoining  counties.  Capital,  Spring 
Place.  Pop.  in  1870,  6500  ;  in  1880,  8269  ;  in  1890,  8461. 
Murray,  a  county  in  the  S.AV,  part  of  Minnesota,  has 
an  area  of  720  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Des 
Moines  River,  which  rises  in  it,  and  by  the  Channarambe 
River  and  Oksida  Creek.  The  surface  is  an  undulating  or 
level  plain,  nearly  destitute  of  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products. 


MUR 


1922 


MUS 


This  county  contains  Lako  Shctok,  and  other  liikos.  It  !i 
traversed  by  two  great  rnilronds.  CMpilal,  Sluyton.  Pop. 
in  1870.  209;  in  1880,  3604;  in  1800,  6692. 

Marray«  a  township  of  Alameda  oo.,  Cal.     Pop.  2400. 

Murray*  a  post-hamlctof  Wollsco.,  Ind.,  on  tlie  Wabash 
River,  and  on  the  Fort  Wayno,  Munoio  <b  Cincinnati  liail- 
road,  21  niilus  S.  of  Fort  Wayne.     It  has  2  cliurolios. 

Alurrayt  a  post- village  of  Clark  co.,  Iowa,  in  Troy 
township,  on  the  Burlington  i,  Missouri  Iliver  liuilroad,  36 
miles  W.  of  Chariton.  It  has  n  newspaper  ofRco,  a  graded 
school,  3  churches,  a  maohino-shop,  a  tlouring-mill,  and  a 
money-order  post-ofiSco.     Pop.  about  COO. 

Murray*  a  post-village,  capital  of  Calloway  co.,  Ky., 
on  Clark's  Kiver,  about  40  luilos  S.S.E.  of  Paducah.  It  has 
2  churches,  2  newspaper  ofiioes,  the  Murray  Institute,  a 
flour-mill,  2  tanneries,  and  a  lumber-mill.     P.  (1890)  518. 

Murray,  a  township  of  Murray  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  205. 

Murray,  a  station  of  Jackson  co.,  Miss.,  on  the  Now 
Orleans  A,  Mobile  Railroad,  33i  miles  S.W.  of  Mobile. 

Murray,  a  post-township  of  Orleans  oo.,  N.Y.,  24  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Rochester.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Erie  Canal 
and  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  and  contains  the  vil- 
lages of  HoUey,  Ilulburton,  and  Sandy  Creek.  Pop.  2649. 
Murray  Station  is  3  miles  W.  of  lloUey.  Murray  Post- 
Office  is  at  Sandy  Creek. 

Mur'ray,  formerly  Carrying  Place,  a  post-village 
in  Northumberland  co.,  Ontario,  on  an  isthmus  at  the  head 
of  the  Bay  of  Quinte,  9  miles  E.  of  Brighton.  The  village 
contains  2  tanneries,  a  hotel,  and  4  stores.     Pop.  200. 

Murray  Bay,  or  Mai  bale,  a  favorite  wntoring-place 
on  the  Lower  St.  Lawrence  (N.  shore),  90  miles  E.  of  Quebec. 
It  is  picturesquely  situated  at  the  mouth  of  a  rapid  stream 
of  the  same  name  which  affords  good  fishing  and  motive- 
power.  The  village  is  reached  by  steamer  from  Quebec.  It 
contains  2  churches,  3  hotels,  several  good  boarding-bouses, 
10  or  12  stores,  and  several  mills. 

Murray  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Murray  co.,  Minn. 

Murray  Firth,  Scotland.    See  Moray  Firth. 

Murray  Harbor  (North),  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.. 
Prince  Edward  Island,  on  the  N.  side  of  Murray  River,  39 
miles  S.E.  of  Charlottetown.  It  contains  2  stores  and  a 
hotel.     Pop.  120. 

Murray  Harbor  (South),  a  post-village  and  port  of 
entry  in  Kings  co.,  Prince  Edward  Island,  situated  on  the 
S.  side  of  Murray  River,  40  miles  S.E.  of  Charlottetown. 
It  has  saw-  and  grist-mills,  several  stores,  a  tannery,  a 
ship-yard,  and  a  trade  in  fish.     Pop.  200. 

Murray  Harbor  Road,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co., 
Prince  Edward  Island,  20  miles  from  Charlottetown.  P.  120. 

Murray  Hill,  a  station  in  Union  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  New 
Jersey  West  Line  Railroad,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Summit. 

Murray  Islands,  a  group  in  Torres  Strait.  Lat.  9° 
66' S.;  Ion.  144°  6'  E. 

Murray  River,  a  post-village  in  Kings  oo..  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  15  miles  from  Georgetown.     Pop.  300. 

Murray  Road,  a  station  on  the  Fort  Wayne,  Muncie 
&  Cincinnati  Railroad,  3i  miles  N.  of  Bluffton,  Ind. 

Murray's,  a  station  in  Caldwell  co.,  Ky.,  on  tho  Louis- 
▼ille  &,  Paducah  Railroad,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Scottsburg. 

Murray's  Corners,  a  post-settlement  in  Westmore- 
land CO.,  New  Brunswick,  15  miles  from  Bale  Verte.  P.  200. 

Murray's  Cross  Roads,  post-office,  Schley  co.,  Ga. 

Murrayshire,  a  county  of  Scotland.    See  Moray. 

Murray's  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Calloway  oo.,  Ky., 
on  tho  Tennessee  River. 

Murray  Sound  and  Harbor  are  among  the  Am- 
herst Islands,  off  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Corea. 

Mur'raysville,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  about  24  miles  below  Parkersburg.  It 
has  a  boat-yard,  a  church,  and  a  saw -mill. 

Mur'rayville,  a  post-village  of  Morgan  co..  111.,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of  Jacksonville.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  manufactures  of  farming- 
tools  and  washing-machines.     Pop.  about  500. 

Murrcll's  Point,  Louisiana.     See  Bridge  Landing. 

Murriiardt,  mdoR'haRt^  a  town  of  Wiirteinberg,  circle 
of  Ncckar,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Neckar,  24  miles  N.E.  of 
Stuttgart.     Pop.  2320. 

Mur'rinsvillc,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  about 
45  miles  N.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  church  and  coal-mines. 

Mur'rumbid^gee,  or  Mo'rumbid^gee,  a  river  of 
Southeast  Australia,  rises  under  tho  meridian  of  149°  E., 
at  a  distance  of  about  80  miles  from  the  sea.  It  flows  in  a 
S.W.  direction,  and  is  joined  by  the  Lachlan  at  lat.  34° 
25'  S.,  latterly  taking  a  S.W.  course,  and  falling  into  the 
Murray  at  lat.  34°  45'  S.  Its  whole  course  is  1350  miles, 
and  it  is  navigable  nearly  to  its  sources. 


Murruinbidgec,  or  Mornnibidgce,  a  district  o 
New  South  Wales,  between  Ion.  144°  an<l  147°  10'  E. 
having  the  river  Murray  on  the  N.  and  the  .MiirrunibiJf;ij< 
on  tho  S.,  ond  containing  12,000,000  acres.     Pop.  25,027. 

Mur'rysville,  a  iwMt-village  of  Wostuiorcland  co.,  I'll, 
about  18  miles  E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  contains  tho  Laird  In' 
stitute,  2  churches,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Murs,  milR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Mnine-et-Lolre,  I 
miles  S.  of  Angers,  on  the  Louet.     Pop.  1581. 

Mursa,  or  Mursia,  Hungary.    See  Eszek. 

Mursliidubad,  a  town  of  India.    See  MoortsnEDABAB 

Mur!<uk,  a,  town  of  North  Africa.    See  Moouzook. 

Murta,  the  Latin  name  of  the  Mf.urthk. 

Mur'tu,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ark. 
on  the  St.  Lawrence,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  UailroaJ 
55  miles  S.S.W.  of  Poplar  Bluff,  Mo. 

Murtas,  mooR't&s,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Andaluiit 
48  miles  S.E.  of  Oranada.     Pop.  2040. 

Murten,  a  town  of  Switzerland.    See  Morat. 

Murtcner  See,  the  Oerman  for  the  Lake  op  MottAt. 

Murtium,  the  Latin  name  of  Maurs. 

Muru,  moo^roo',  a  small  town  of  Japan,  on  the  islam 
of  Hondo,  and  on  the  Strait  of  Matson-sirai-nada,  oppotit 
the  island  of  Shikoku,  Its  harbor  is  frequented  by  cout 
ing-vessolc,  being  very  secure  and  well  sheltered. 

Murut,  moo-rttt'  (?),  a  walled  town  of  Northwest  Ilin 
dostan,  principality  and  S.W.  of  Bhawlpoor.  It  is  a  plao 
of  importance,  being  both  a  military  station  and  tho  eupo 
rium  of  a  large  trade  in  grain. 

Murutsi,  moo-root'see,  or  Morutsi,  mo-root'soe,  ai 
African  tribe,  N.W.  of  Delagoa  Bay,  near  lat.  25°  S.  aD( 
Ion.  28°  E.  They  manufacture  iron  and  copper,  and  nr 
also  ingenious  workers  in  wood,  cultivate  tobacco  and  sugar 
cane,  in  addition  to  the  ordinary  crops  of  beans,  corn,  mil 
lot,  &c.,  and  have  immense  droves  of  cattle.  Their  capita 
is  Kurreechane. 

MurVaul',  a  post-office  of  P.anola  co.,  Tex. 

Murviedro,  mooR-ve-i'dro  (ano.  Sagiin'tum),  a  fortifict 
town  of  Spain,  province  and  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Valencia,  oi 
the  Canalos,  3  miles  from  tho  Mediterranean.  Pop,  691i 
It  stands  at  the  foot  of  a  mountain,  and  is  noted  for  it 
Roman  antiquities,  and  has  also  a  strong  Moorish  castle,  i 
convent  on  the  site  of  a  temple  of  Diana,  and  fdihc  MoorisI 
cisterns,  Ac.  Saguntum  was  founded,  n.c.  1384,  by  th 
Greeks  of  Zacynthus  (Zante).  It  was  then  a  seaport,  bu 
the  sea  is  now  above  3  miles  distant.  Being  the  first  fron 
tier  town,  and  allied  to  Rome,  and  being  also  extremely  rich 
it  was  attacked  and  destroyed  by  Hannibal,  B.C.  219.  I 
was  rebuilt  by  the  Romans,  and  became  a  municipium. 

Murviel,  mUn^ve-fil',  a  town  of  France,  in  116rault,  '< 
miles  N.W.  of  Bfiziers.     Pop.  1080. 

Murzuk,  a  town  of  North  Africa.    See  MoonzooK. 

Murzzuschlag,  mooRt'soosh-llc^  a  village  of  Styria 
on  tho  Murz,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Briick,  on  the  railway  be 
twecn  Vienna  and  Cilly.    It  contains  a  convent.   Pop.  218'i 

Musa,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  MoosA. 

Musandam,  a  headland  of  Arabia.    See  Mussexdou. 

Musbach,  or  Muschbach,  Bavaria.    See  Mussbacb 

Muscat,  Maskat,  or  Mascat,  mus-kat'  (Arab.  proE 
m&s-kJlt' ;  Fr.  Mascatc,  mis^kit' ;  anc.  Mos'cha),  tho  chioi 
city  of  Oman,  capital  of  tho  states  of  the  Imam  or  Sultai 
of  Muscat,  and  a  seaport  of  great  commercial  importance 
on  the  Indian  Ocean,  near  tho  E.  angle  of  Arabia.  Lat 
23°  34'  N. ;  Ion.  58°  50'  E.  The  Cove  of  Muscat,  as  th 
harbor  is  called,  is  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  about  three-fourth 
of  a  mile  long,  with  half  that  width,  opening  N.W.,  am 
completely  sheltered  from  the  prevailing  monsoons.  Im 
mediately  W.  of  this  inlet  is  a  more  capacious  bay,  facinj 
N.E.,  and  therefore  exposed  to  the  winter  monsoon.  Th 
city  of  Muscat  stands  at  the  S.  side  of  the  cove,  in  a  hollow 
under  cliffs  400  or  500  feet  high,  and  debarred  even  fron 
the  view  of  the  sea  by  the  surrounding  high  rocks.  It 
appearance  by  no  means  corresponds  with  its  wealth  sni 
importance.  A  few  good  houses,  in  the  Persian  style,  oc 
cupy  tho  narrow  space  at  the  water-side;  but  large  am 
stately  buildings  are  few,  and  tho  sultan's  palace,  tho  gov 
ernor's  house,  and  a  few  minarets,  alone  rise  above  th 
humble  mass  of  flat-roofed  huts  or  houses.  Tho  streets  ar 
extremely  narrow,  so  that  a  few  palm-Icaves  laid  across  bo 
tween  the  houses  above  completely  screen  them  from  th 
sun.  Muscat  is  one  of  the  hottest  places  in  tho  world 
Tho  thermometer,  in  the  shade,  rarely  descends  below  90° 
But,  on  the  other  hand,  the  excellence  of  the  port,  and  it 
convenient  position  near  the  entrance  of  the  Persian  Gull 
make  it  important  as  a  station  for  shipping.  It  i»  *'* 
naturally  strong.  At  the  bottom  of  the  bay,  on  the  Av.,  i 
the  town  of  Muttra,  distant,  by  land,  about  3  miles  fron 


MUS 


1923 


MUS 


Tuseat,  and  little,  if  at  all,  inferior  to  it  in  population. 
Icro  are  the  docks  for  building  and  repairing  shipping. 
luscat  is  the  grand  emporium  of  East  Arabia,  and  the  key 
;i  the  entrance  of  the  Persian  Gulf.  Imports  consist  chiefly 
f  almonds,  aloes,  assafoetida,  gum  ammoniac,  sulphur,  nitre, 
jpal,  frankincense,  coffee,  pearls,  ivory,  horns,  hides,  wax 
om  Persia  and  Africa,  most  of  which  are  re-exported,  the 
jturna  being  made  in  British  and  Indian  cotton  goods, 
lawls,  and  China  manufactures.  Largo  quantities  of 
;itc3,  as  also  wheat,  horses,  salt,  and  dried  fish,  are  among 
10  exports.  The  port  is  usually  touched  at  by  vessels 
oin"  up  the  Persian  Gulf.  The  combined  population  of 
[uscat,  Muttra,  and  intervening  villages  has  been  vari- 
jsly  estimated  from  25,000  to  60,000. 
In  the  latter  half  of  the  last  century  Muscat  liad  already 
itained,  under  a  ruler  who  bore  the  religious  title  of  Imdm, 
le  eminence  to  which,  as  a  seaport,  it  is  entitled  for  its 
;ciirity  and  convenient  situation. 

Muscat  (or  Muskat),  Imamat  of,  or  The  King- 
om  of  Oman,  names  by  which  is  commonly  known  an 
tensive  and  powerful  state  of  Arabia,  comprising  the  E. 
jition  of  that  peninsula,  its  authority  also  extending  over 
,s  S.E.  coast  nearly  as  far  as  Aden,  and  over  parts  of  the 
last  of  Persia  on  the  Persian  Gulf.     Area  and  population 
jt  ascertained.     Besides  Muscat,  the  capital,  this  domin- 
iii  comprises  the  towns  of  Ilostak  and  Muttra  in  Arabia, 
c.    It  has  an  active  trade  with  all  the  adjacent  countries 
id  with  British  India.     The  Imdm  (or  Imaum),  or,  more 
operly  speaking,  the  Sultan,  has  a  patriarchal  and  des- 
)tio  sway.     In  order  to  enforce  his  authority  he  has  a 
ual  force.     In  1856  the  extensive  realms  of  Muscat  were 
vidcd  between  two  brothers,  and  the  African  portion,  by 
r  the  more  important,  passed  to  the  Sultan  of  Zanzibar. 
though  his    government    is   commonly   known   as   the 
:iamat  of  Muscat,  it  should  be  observed  that  the  sultan 
r  Sayced,  "  sovereign")  never  assumed  the  religious  title 
Imum,  which  is  often  erroneously  bestowed  on  him. 
Muscat'atuck  (or  Muscat'atuk)  River,  Indiana, 
j'ains  parts  of  Jennings  and  Scott  cos.,  runs  nearly  west- 
fird,  forming  the  boundary  between  the  cos.  of  Jackson 
'id  Washington,  and  enters  the  Driftwood  Eork  of  White 
iver  about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Brownstown. 
'  Muscatine,  mils'ka-tecn,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of 
\7a,  has  an  area  of  about  435  square  miles.     It  is  bounded 
the  S.E.  by  the  Mississipjii  Kiver,  and  traversed  from 
e  N.  to  the  S.W.  border  by  the  Cedar  River.     The  surface 
I  gently  undulating.    The  soil  is  very  fertile.    The  greater 
litt  of  it  is  prairie.     Groves  of  the  elm,  hickory,  ash,  white 
'k,  Ac,  grow  on  the  margins  of  the  strenms.    Indian  corn, 
leat,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
lis  county  has   thin  beds  of   inferior  bituminous  coal, 
tjvonian  limestone  underlies  most  of  the  surface.     It  is 
fterseoted  in  several  directions  by  the  Burlington,  Cedar 
'ipids  &  Northern  Railroad  and  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island 
Pacific  Railroad.     Capital,   Muscatine.     Pop.  in  1870, 
,688;  in  1880,  23,170  ;  in  1890,  24,504. 
Muscatine   (Indian   name,   Manatheha),  a   city  and 
or-port,  the  capital  of  Muscatine  co.,  Iowa,  is  finely  sit- 
ted   on  the  Mississippi   River,  on   the   Chicago,    Rock 
iind  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  and  at  the  terminus  of  a  branch 
the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad,  30 
les  below  I)avenport,  and  about  300   miles   above   St. 
uis.    By  railroad  it  is  220  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chicago,  and 
miles  E.S.B.  of  Iowa  City.     It  is  at  a  groat  bend  of  the 
er,  which,  after  running  westward  many  miles,  hero  ro- 
ues a  southward  direction.     The  city  is  mostly  built  on 
,;  top  of  rocky  bluffs,  which  form  the  bank  of  the  river. 
Hng  nearer  the  centre  of  the  state  than  any  other  city  on 
Js  Mississippi  River,  it  is  advantageously  situated  for 
do.    It  contains  14  churches,  a  high  school,  a  public 
niry,  2  or  3  national  banks,  3  flouring-mills,  2  large 
^rk-packing-cstablishments,  2  plough-factories,  2  planing- 
jllu,  2  furniture-factories,  3  or  4  large  steam  saw-mills, 
Id  printing-offices  which  issue  2  daily,  1  tri-weekly,  and  2 
ekly  newspapers.     Grain,  flour,  lumber,  and   pork   are 
chief  articles  of  export.     Muscatine  was  first  settled  in 
it),  and  incorporated  as  a  city  in  1853.     Pop.  in  1870, 
18;  in  1880,  8295;  in  1890,  11,454. 
Wuschbach,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Mussbach. 
Muscle  (miis's^l)  Fork,  a  post-oflace  of  Chariton  oo., 
I.,  10  miles  N.  of  Keytesville.     Pop.  of  township,  710. 
tfuscle  Ridge,  plantation,  Kno.\  co..  Me.     Pop.  263. 
Muscle  River,  Missouri,  rises  in  Sullivan  oo.,  runs 
thward  through  Macon  co.,   and   enters  the  Chariton 
■er  in  Chariton  co.,  about  2  miles  S.  of  Keytesville.     It 
learly  100  miles  long. 
ttuscie  Shell  River,  Montana,  rises  in  Meagher  oo. 


among  the  Belt  Mountains,  and  runs  first  eastward.  It 
finally  runs  nearly  northward,  and  enters  the  Missouri 
River  near  lat.  47°  30' N.,  Ion.  108°  AV.  It  is  about  300 
miles  long,  but  its  volume  of  water  is  small.  "  In  the  dry 
season,"  says  Hayden,  "it  is  lost  almost  entirely  before 
reaching  the  Missouri." 

Muscle  Shoals,  Alabama,  a  series  of  r.apids  in  the 
Tennessee  ftiver,  on  the  S.  border  of  Lauderdale  co.  These 
shoals  obstruct  the  navigation  of  the  river,  which  descends 
nearly  100  feet  in  a  distance  of  20  miles,  and  is  in  some 
places  H  miles  wide.  The  lower  or  AV.  end  of  the  rapids 
is  at  or  near  Florence,  above  which  boats  cannot  pass  in 
ordinary  stages  of  water. 

Muscoda,  Clay  co.,  Minn.     See  Muskoda. 

Mus'coda,  a  post-village  of  Grant  co.,  Wis.,  in  Mus- 
coda township,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Wisconsin  River,  and 
on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul  Railroad,  65  miles 
W.  of  Madison.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  3  churches,  a 
money-order  post-office,  and  a  graded  school.  Pop.  in  1890, 
605  ;  of  the  township,  1160. 

Muscogee,  miis-ko'ghee,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of 
Georgia,  borders  on  Alabama.  Area,  about  244  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Chattahoochee  River,  and 
on  the  S.E.  by  Upatoi  Creek.  The  surface  is  partly  cov- 
ered with  forests.  The  soil  in  some  parts  is  fertile;  in 
others,  sandy  and  poor.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Central 
of  Georgia  Railroad,  the  Georgia  Midland  <fc  Gulf  Railroac" 
and  other  lines.  Capital,  Columbus.  Pop.  in  1870,  16,663 
in  1880,  19,322;  in  1890,  27,761. 

Muscogee,  a  station  in  Escambia  co.,  Fla.,  on  the  Pen 
sacola  Railroad,  20  miles  N.  of  Pensacola. 

Muscogee,  a  post-village  of  the  Creek  Nation,  Indian 
Territory,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  117 
miles  S.  of  Parsons.  It  is  about  3  miles  S.  of  the  Arkan 
sas  River.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a  cotton-gin,  and 
a  round-house  of  the  railroad.  It  is  one  of  the  chief 
trading-places  in  the  territory. 

Muscogee  City,  or  Muscogee  Mills,  a  hamlet  of 
Escambia  co.,  Fla.,  on  the  Perdido  River,  and  on  the  Pensn- 
cola  &  Mobile  Railroad,  21  miles  N.AV.  of  Pensacola.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  large  manufactory  of  pine  lumber. 

Musconet'coug,  a  station  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Easton,  Pa. 

Musconetcong  River,  New  Jersey,  issues  from  IIo- 
patcong  Lake,  near  the  S.  border  of  Sussex  co.,  runs  south- 
westward,  forming  the  boundary  between  Hunterdon  and 
Warren  cos.,  and  enters  the  Delaware  River  at  the  S.W. 
extremity  of  Warren  co.,  about  7  miles  S.  of  Easton.  It  is 
nearly  50  miles  long,  and  flows  in  a  narrow  valley. 

Muscon'gus  Island,  in  the  Atlantic,  belongs  to  Lin- 
coin  CO.,  Me.     Pop.  142. 

Musco'tah,  a  post-village  of  Atchison  co.,  Kansas, 
near  the  Central  Branch  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  25 
miles  AV.  of  Atchison.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school, 
and  a  money-order  post-office.     Pop.  in  1890,  524. 

Mus'covy,  a  name  sometimes  given  to  Russia,  derived 
apparently  from  Moscow,  the  ancient  capital  of  the  empire. 
See  Russia. 

Museros,  moo-si'roce,  a  village  of  Spain,  6  miles  N. 
of  Valencia,  about  1  mile  from  the  sea.     Pop.  1016. 

Muse's  Bottom,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  about  22  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Parkersburg. 
Here  is  a  church,  also  a  remarkable  prehistoric  fort. 

Muse's  31ills,  a  post-office  of  Fleming  co.,  Ky. 

Museville,  muz'vil,  a  post-office  of  Muskingum  oo.,  0. 

Museville,  a  post-office  of  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va. 

Mus'grave  Town,  a  village  in  the  district  of  Twillin- 
gate  and  Fogo,  Newfoundland,  23  miles  from  Green's  Pond. 
Pop.  349, 

Mus'grove,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  oo.,  Ala. 

Mush,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey.     See  MoosH. 

Mushakh,  miish^ik',  a  group  of  islands  off  the  E.  coast 
of  Abyssinia.     Lat.  11°  43'  N. ;  Ion.  43°  19'  E. 

Mushan'non  (or  Moshan'non)  Creek,  Pennsylva- 
nia, forms  part  of  the  boundary  between  the  cos.  of  Centre 
and  Clearfield,  and  enters  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susque- 
hanna. 

Mush  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Dallas  oo.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Selma  &,  Gulf  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Selma. 

Mush  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C. 

Mushed,  a  city  of  Persia,    See  Meshed. 

Mushed>i-Sir,  muh-shed'-eo-seer,  a  town  of  Persia, 
province  of  Mazanderan,  10  miles  N.  of  Balfurosh,  con- 
sisting of  about  200  houses  scattered  around  the  Babel  > 
River,  at  its  mouth  in  the  Caspian  Sea.  Lat.  36°  45'  N. ; 
Ion.  52°  50'  E. 


MUS 


1024 


MUS 


MlMlikee  River,  Wisoonsin.    S«e  Mauyaise  Riter. 

Manicai  River.    Soo  MATAPRniAcRivicR. 

Mu^id,  inils'jiir,  or  Meijid-Ali,  written  also  Nii9> 
Joed  (nnc.  AUxnndria  t),  a  town  of  Asintio  Turkey,  vlliv- 
yet  of  UAj^dad,  28  miles  8.  of  the  ruins  of  Babylon.  It  is 
encluKott  by  walls  flanked  with  towers  and  a  ditch,  and  is 
mostly  built  of  brick.  Principal  ediflce,  the  tomb  of  Alee, 
which  attraota  hither  numerous  pilgrims  of  the  Shceah 
(Shiah)  sect.  Under  the  name  of  Hira,  this  town  was  the 
ciipitnl  of  Arab  and  Christian  dynasties  until  taken  by  the 
Sumccns  in  fl.'{2. 

Mii^id-IIossein,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Kerbela. 

MiiMkntituckf  Indiana.     See  Miiscatatuck  Uiver. 

Muskau,  mSSs'kSw,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  67 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Liegnitz.  Pop.  3105.  It  hna  a  palace 
of  Prince  PUcklcr-Muskau,  also  manufactures  of  woollen 
cloths,  and  mineral  springs. 

IMuske'go,  a  township  of  Waukesha  co.,  Wis.  Pop. 
1450.     It  contains  Muskego  Centre. 

Muskego  Centre,  a  post-hnmlet  of  Waukesha  oo., 
Wis.,  on  Muskego  Lake,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Milwaukee.  It 
has  a  grist-mill. 

Muskego  Lake,  Wisconsin,  is  in  the  S.E.  part  of 
Waukesha  co.,  and  is  about  4  miles  long.  Its  outlet  is  a 
creek  which  runs  into  Fox  River. 

Muske'gon,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Michigan,  has 
an  urea  of  about  520  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W. 
by  Lake  Michigan,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Muskegon  and 
White  Rivers,  the  former  of  which  runs  through  its  central 
and  the  latter  through  its  northwestern  part.  The  surface 
is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests  of  the  pine,  sugar-maple,  oak,  and  other  trees. 
The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Many  grapes  are  grown  in  this 
county,  the  climate  of  which  is  favorable  to  fruit.  Wheat, 
oats,  hay,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products,  and  pine 
lumber  is  the  chief  article  of  export.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Chicago  k  West  Michigan  Railroad,  the  Grand  Rapids 
k  Indiana  Railroad,  and  the  Toledo,  Saginaw  &  Muskegon 
Railroad,  all  of  which  centre  at  Muskegon,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  14,894;  in  1880.  26,586;  in  1890,  40,013. 

Muskegon,  a  city  of  Michigan,  the  capital  of  Muske- 
gon CO.,  is  situated  on  the  S.  bank  of  Muskegon  River,  4 
or  5  miles  from  its  entrance  into  Lake  Michigan,  and  on 
the  Chicago  k  West  Michigan  Railroad,  at  the  junction 
of  the  Big  Rapids  Branch,  and  is  the  N.  terminus  of  the 
Michigan  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  and  about  120  miles  by 
water  N.E.  of  Chicago.  By  railroad  it  is  38  miles  N.W. 
of  Grand  Rapids,  14  miles  N.  of  Grand  Haven,  and  44 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Pentwater.  The  portion  of  the  river  be- 
tween its  mouth  and  this  town  is  nearly  2  miles  wide,  and 
is  called  Muskegon  Lake.  It  forms  the  best  harbor  on  the 
E.  shore  of  Lake  Michigan.  Muskegon  contains  11  churches, 
a  high  school,  2  national  banks,  several  foundries,  machine- 
shops,  a  manufactory  of  steam-engines  and  boilers,  numer- 
ous steam  saw-mills,  4  planing-mills,  2  flouring-mills,  2 
Baw-f:ictories,  printing-offices  which  issue  3  weekly  news- 

Eapcrs,  and  2  notels.  Muskegon  is  lighted  with  gas,  and 
as  a  good  system  of  water-works.  Lumber  is  the  chief 
article  of  export,  the  quantity  sawed  here  annually  being 
about  400,000,000  feet.  Incorporated  as  a  city  in  1870. 
Pop.  in  1880,  11,262  ;  in  1890,  22,702.  Large  steamers  ply 
daily  between  this  city  and  Chicago. 

Muskegon,  township,  Muskegon  oo.,  Mich.    Pop.  545. 

Muskegon  River,  Michigan,  rises  in  Houghton  Lake, 
in  Roscommon  co.,  and  runs  generally  southwestward.  It 
Intersects  the  cos.  of  Clare,  Osceola,  Mecosta,  and  Newaygo, 
and  enters  Lake  Michigan  about  6  miles  below  the  city  of 
Muskegon.  It  is  nearly  200  miles  long.  The  chief  towns 
on  its  banks  are  Muskegon,  Big  Rapids,  and  Newaygo. 
The  part  of  the  river  below  Muskegon  is  2  or  3  miles  wide, 
and  is  called  Muskegon  Lake. 

Musker'ry,  a  mountainous  district  of  Ireland,  in  the 
CO.  of  Cork.  Area,  about  311,000  acres.  Pop.  55,188.  It 
is  divided  into  the  baronies  of  East  and  West  Muskcrry. 

Muskil'lo,^  Namoo,  Namou,  n3,'moo',  or  Odia, 
o'de-a,  an  island  group  in  the  North  Pacific,  belonging  to 
the  Mulgrave  Archipelago,  about  lat.  8°  N.  and  Ion.  168°  E. 

Musking'um,  mus-king'gum,  a  river  of  Ohio,  is 
formed  by  the  Walhonding  and  Tuscarawas  Rivers,  which 
unite  at  Coshocton.  It  runs  southward  through  Muskin- 
gum CO.,  and  southeastward  through  the  cos.  of  Morgan 
and  Washington,  and  enters  the  Ohio  River  at  Marietta. 
It  is  about  120  miles  long,  excluding  the  branches.  The 
chief  towns  on  its  banks  are  Zanesville  and  Marietta.  It 
traverses  a  fertile  and  beautiful  country,  in  which  coal  and 
petroleum  abound.  Steamboats  can  ascend  it  to  Dresden, 
which  is  about  18  miles  below  Coshocton. 


Muskingum,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  Ohio 
has  an  area  of  about  051  square  miles.  It  is  intcriicctrii  b^ 
the  Mui^kingUMi  River,  and  also  driiined  by  Licking  River 
and  by  Willc,  Jonathan's  and  Tonioka  Creekii.  The  sur 
face  is  finely  diversified  with  verdant  hills  or  undulation 
of  moderate  height.  The  soil  is  fertile.  It  has  ninny  thou 
sttnds  of  acres  of  woodlands.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oati 
hay,  wool,  and  butter  are  the  staple  product.^.  Numcrou 
mines  of  bituminous  coal  have  been  opened  in  this  county 
which  also  has  beds  of  iron  ore  and  quarries  of  carbonifer 
ous  limestone.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Cincinnaii  k  Mu« 
kingum  Valley  Railroad,  the  Baltimore  k  Ohio  lUilrond 
the  Cleveland,  Canton  k  Southern  Railroad,  and  other  linM 
also  by  the  Ohio  Canal.  Capital,  Zanesville.  Pop.  in  187(1 
44,886;  in  1880,  49,774;  in  1890,  51,210. 

Muskingum,  a  township  of  Muskingum  CO.,  0.  P.  107J 

Musko'da,  or  Musco'da,  a  post-villngo  of  Clay  co 
Minn.,  on  Buffalo  River,  and  on  the  Northern  I'acifi 
Railroad,  18  miles  E.  of  Moorhcad.     It  has  a  church. 

Mu8ko'ka,a  beautiful  lake  on  the  river  Muskoka,  On 
tario,  about  lat.  45°  N.,  Ion.  79°  30'  W.  The  navigatioi 
of  this  lake  and  of  Lakes  St.  Joseph  and  Rosscau  has  bee 
connected  by  means  of  a  lock  a  short  distance  below  th 
lower  end  of  the  lake.  At  the  upper  end  the  river  Mui 
koka  enters. 

Muskoka,  a  river  of  Ontario,  rises  in  the  highland 
separating  the  waters  of  the  Ottawa  from  those  of  Georgia 
Bay,  lat.  45°  40'  N.,  Ion.  78°  40'  W.,  and,  flowing  throug 
a  heavily-wooded  country,  falls  into  Georgian  Bay.  Abou 
8  miles  from  its  entrance  into  Lake  Muskoka  it  divide 
into  two  branches.  On  the  E.  one,  about  2  miles  up,  ar 
the  "  High  Falls,"  of  about  160  feet.  It  is  navigable  t 
Bracebridge. 

Muskoka  District,  an  electoral  district  in  tho  ^ 
part  of  Ontario,  comprises  on  area  of  about  5300  tqoar 
miles.     Capital,  Bracebridge.     Pop.  6919. 

Muso,  or  Muzo,  moo'so,  a  small  town  of  the  repnbli 
of  Colombia,  department  of  Boyaca,  65  miles  W.S.W.  o 
Tunja,  on  an  afllucnt  of  the  Magdalena. 

Musone,  moo-so'ni,  a  small  river  of  Italy,  enters  th 
Venetian  lagoon  3  miles  W.  of  Venice,  after  a  S.E.  cours 
of  35  miles ;  one  arm  of  it  joining  the  Brenta  Canal. 

Musone,  a  small  river  of  Central  Italy,  Marches,  enter 
the  Adriatic  12  miles  S.E.  of  Ancona,  after  an  E.  cours 
of  35  miles. 

Musquaka,  miis-kwah'ka,  a  post-hamlet  of  Iowa  co 
Iowa,  about  30  miles  N.E.  of  Oskaloosa. 

Mns'quash,  a  post-village  in  St.  John  co..  New  Brum 
wick,  at  the  mouth  of  a  river  of  the  same  name  in  tho  Ba 
of  Fundy,  17  miles  S.W.  of  St.  John.  It  has  a  fine  harboi 
good  water-power,  a  saw-mill,  3  stores,  and  a  hotel.     P.  20( 

Musquito  Creek.     See  Mosqcito  Cheek. 

Musquito  (miis-keo'to)  Gulch,  a  post-office  of  Cala 
veras  co.,  Cal.    Gold  is  found  here. 

Musquod'oboit,  a  fine  river  of  Nova  Scotia,  rises  nea 
the  head-waters  of  the  Stewiacke,  and  discharges  itself  Int 
the  sea  a  short  distance  E.  of  Lawrencetown. 

Musquod'oboit  Harbor,  a  post-village  in  Halifa 
CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  30  miles  S.E.  o 
Halifax.  It  contains  a  store,  2  hotels,  and  several  milli 
and  has  a  good  trade  in  lumber  and  ship-building.  Tw 
quartz-mills  are  employed  at  the  gold-mines  here.  P.  1151 

Musr,  the  Arabic  name  of  Egypt. 

Mussala,  mus-sA'li,  a  town  of  West  Africa,  Scnegam 
bia,  on  the  Senegal,  8  miles  E.  of  Fort  St.  Joseph. 

Mussbach,  moos'biK,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  10  miles  S 
of  Neustadt,  in  the  midst  of  vineyards.     Pop.  2377. 

Musselburgh,  mas's?l-biir-ruh,  formerly  Esk'' 
mouth,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland,  co.  and  6  miles  b.i 
rail  E.  of  Edinburgh.  It  stands  on  the  Firth  of  Forth,  nj 
the  estuary  of  the  Esk,  and  has  some  manufactures  of  sail 
cloth,  hair-cloth,  hats,  and  leather.  Exports  chiefly  of  coai 
wrought  in  the  vicinity.  The  borough  unites  with  Leit. 
and  Portobello  in  sending  one  member  to  Parliament.  I 
is  noted  for  its  race-course  and  golf-links.     Pop.  7517. 

Mussendom,  miis'sin-dora',  Musseldom,  mSs'sel 
dom',  or  Musandam,  moo-sin-dim'.  Cape,  a  hea<llan' 
of  Arabia,  on  an  island  at  the  entrance  of  the  Persian  Gull 
Lat.  26°  24'  N. ;  Ion.  56°  34'  E.  It  is  an  abrupt  battlti 
rock,  200  feet  above  the  sea. 

Mus'sey,  a  township  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  1385 

Mussidan,  mUs'see*d6x»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Dor 
dogne,  19  miles  S.W.  of  Pgrigueus,  on  the  Isle.     Pop.  ISSe 

Mussomelli,mfis-8o-mflriee,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Sicilj 
province  and  19  miles  W.N.W.  of  Caltanisetta.     Pop.  8761 

Musson,  miis^sftx"',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Luxem 
burg,  11  miles  S.S.W.  of  Arlon.     Pop.  1600. 


MUS 


1925 


MYG 


Mus'son,  a  post-office  of  Iberville  parish,  La. 

Mussy-sous-Dun,  miis'soe'-soo-duN",  a  village  of 
"ranee,  Sa3ne-et-Loire,  14  miles  S.  of  CharoUes.     V.  1551. 

3Iussy-sur-Seine,  miis^see'-silR-sdn,  a  village  of 
'nincc,  in  Aube,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bar-sur-Seine.    P.  1650. 

jius'tang,  a  post-office  of  Denton  co.,  Tex. 

MiistaHo  Bayo'i  (bi'oo),  of  Brazoria  co.,  Tes.,  flows 
brough  Chocolate  Bay  into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

Mustang  Creek,  Texas,  rises  in  Wharton  co.,  runs 
and  enters  Navidad  River  about  6  miles  N.  of  Texana. 

lllus'tapha,  a  suburb  of  the  city  of  Algiers.     P.  T161. 

Mustaphabad,  musH8,-fA-b^d',  a  town  of  Northwest 
nilia,  Sikh  territory,  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Umballah. 

Mustapha  Pasha,  miis't<Vf4  pi'shi',  a  town  of  Tur- 
ev  in  llouinelia,  on  the  Maritza,  and  on  the  line  of  East- 
rnRoumelia,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Adrianople.     Pop.  2000. 

Mustapha  Pasha  (Palanka),  miis'ti'fa,  pi'shi^  pi- 
In'kd,  or  Ak-Palanka,  3,k^-pd-lin'kd,  a  town  of  Servia, 
n  the  Nissava,  20  miles  E.  of  Nissa.     Pop.  2000. 

lUustiu'ka  River,  Minnesota,  rises  in  Lightning 
,ake,  runs  southward  to  the  middle  of  Grant  oo.,  and 
lienee  westward  through  Traverse  co.,  and  enters  Lake 
'raverse  at  its  N.E.  end. 

Mustung,  musHung',  a  town  of  Belooehistan,  province 
f  Sarawan,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Kelat,  on  the  route  to  Shawl, 
nJ  consisting  of  about  400  houses. 

Mustung,  miisHiing',  a  town  of  Thibet.  Lat.  29°  52' 
:.;  Ion.  83°  5'  E. 

Muszyna,  moo-shec'ni,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  18 
jilcs  S.S.E.  of  Sandec,  on  the  Poprad.     Pop.  1943. 

Mut,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Moot. 

Mutapilly,  a  town  of  India.    See  Mootapillt. 

Mutcodu,  moo-te-o-doo',  a  town  of  South  India,  My- 
jre  dominions,  40  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chitteldroog. 

Mut'ford,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Suffolk,  with  a 
tation  on  a  branch  of  the  Eastern  Counties  Railway,  4J 
lilcs  E.S.E.  of  Beccles. 

Mut'hill,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Perth,  4  miles  S. 
f  Crieff.  Near  it  are  the  fine  remains  of  Drummond  Castle. 
'  Muthnee,  a  river  of  India.  See  Imphan  Toobal. 
■  Muth'vey,  three  small  rivers  of  Wales,  cos.  of  Carui.tr- 
tben,  Cardigan,  and  Merioneth ;  the  two  former  tributary 
b  the  Towy,  the  last  to  the  Avon. 

Mutignano,  moo-teen-yd'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ice  and  21  miles  E.S.E.  of  Teramo.     Pop.  1927. 

Mutiua,  the  ancient  name  of  Modena. 

31utla,  a  town  of  India.    See  Canning. 

Mutova,moo-to'v3,  (?),  one  of  the  Kooril  Islands,  in  the 
!'orth  Pacific  Ocean,  nearly  intermediate  between  Japan 
[nd  Kamchatka.  Length,  20  miles.  It  has  an  active  vol- 
uno  and  fertile  valleys. 

Mutschen,  a  town  of  Saxony.    See  Mutzchen. 

Mutshkovo,  mootsh-ko'vo,  called  also  Moshkova,  a 
)wn  of  Russia,  in  Tver,  22  miles  N.  of  Staritsa.     P.  2400. 

Muttersdorf,  m66t't§rs-dour,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  27 
lilesW.N.W.of  Klattau,on  theGoIdbrunncnbach.  P.  1100. 

Muttersholz,  moot'ters-hAlts^  (Fr.  pron.  miitHSK'- 
olz'),  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  on  the  111.  P.  1775. 

Muttcrstadt,  m66t't?r-stS,tt\  a  town  of  Rhenish  Ba- 
aria,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Mannheim.     Pop.  3259. 

Muttue,  moot'ni*,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  and  about 
'J  miles  from  Arva.     Pop.  1246. 

Mut'ton  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.  P.  60. 

Mut'ton  Island,  a  fortified  islet  in  Galway  Bay,  tre- 
nd, CO.  and  IJ  miles  S.  of  Galway.     It  has  a  light-house 

ith  a  fixed  light.     Lat.  53°  15'  N.;  Ion.  9°  3'  W. 

Mut'tonville,  a  hamlet  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Bristol 
iwnsliip,  4  miles  S.  of  East  Bloomfield. 

Mut'tound',  a  town  of  India,  North-AVost  Provinces, 
ivision  of  Allahabad.     Pop.  5201. 

Muttra,  mut'tra,  Mattrah,  mit'tri,  or  Matarah, 

i'ti-rA,  a  populous  town  of  Arabia,  dominions  and  3  miles 

W.  of  Muscat,  of  which  it  is  a  suburb.  It  has  ship-yards 
id  docks.    See  Muscat. 

Mut'tra,  or  Math'ura,  a  district  of  India,  Agra  di- 
ision.     Lat.  27°  14'-27°  58'  N.;  Ion.  77°  20'-78°  34'  E. 

rca,  1612  square  miles.  It  is  a  fertile  region,  traversed 
I' tlie  .Jumna.     Capital,  Muttra.     Pop.  87,699. 

Muttra,  or  JMathura,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of 
tuttra  district,  on  the  Jumna,  35  miles  N.W.  of  Agra.     It 

IS  fine  old  temples  and  mosques,  and  considerable  trade. 

oxK  61,510. 
J  Mutual,  raiifyu-al,  a  post-village  of  Champaign  co., 
f-,  in  Union  township,  about  8  miles  E.  of  Urbana.     It  has 

churches.     Pop.  about  200. 

m"*"*'  ^°^®»  *  post-office  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.C. 

Mutwal,  miitVil'  (Hindoo,  Muhatio&ram,  moo-hit- wi- 


rim'),  an  island  of  India,  in  the  Gulf  of  Manaar,  separated 
from  Calpentyn  by  a  narrow  strait  about  10  miles  long  and 
from  2  to  3  miles  broad. 

Mutyea,  the  ancient  name  of  Modica. 

Mutzchen,  moot'sh^n,  or  Mutschen,  moi5t'ch§n,  a 
town  of  Saxony,  22  miles  E.S.E.  of  Leipsic.     Pop.  1522. 

Mutzig,  moot'zia,  a  town  of  Germany,  on  the  Breusch, 
13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Strasburg. 

May,  Le,  a  town  of  France.    See  Le  Muy. 

Muysen,  moi'z^n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of 
Brabant,  on  the  Dyle,  near  the  railway  from  Louvain  to 
Mechlin,  13  miles  N.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1760. 

Muzar,  moo^zar'  (?),  a  town  of  Bokhara,  on  the  canal 
and  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Balkh,  consists  of  about  500  houses. 

Muzillac,  mii^zee'yik',  a  market-town  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Morbihan,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Vannes,  and  about 
3  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  Vilaine.     Pop.  1213. 

Muzo,  a  small  town  of  Colombia.     See  Muse. 

Muzutfernugger,  India.    See  Mozuffernugger. 

Muzutferpoor,  India.    See  Mozufferpoor. 

Muzuffurabad,  miiz-urfiir-&-bid',  or  Mazufurn- 
bad,  mi-zurfQr-4-bid',  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  at  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Jhylum  and  the  Kishengunga,  and  com- 
manding the  entrance  of  the  Baramula  Pass  into  Cashmere. 

Muz^zung',  a  town  of  India,  Punjab,  division  of  La- 
hore.    Pop.  8321. 

M'wootan  N'zig6,  Africa.    See  Albert  Nvanza. 

Mworongo,  mwo-ron'go,  a  walled  town  and  seaport  of 
Africa,  in  the  Usambara  country,  on  Tangata  Bay,  65  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Zanzibar. 

Myaconda,  ml-i-kon'da,  a  town  and  fort  of  India, 
Mysore,  22  miles  W.N.W.  of 'Chitteldroog. 

Myanima,  a  native  name  of  Burmah. 

Myanoung,  mi'i-nowng',  written  also  Myan-Aong 
and  Mcy^ahoon',  a  town  of  British  Burmah,  Ilenzada 
district,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Irrawaddy,  38  miles  below 
Prome.     Pop.  5516. 

My'atte,  a  township  of  Howell  co..  Mo.     Pop.  421. 

My'att's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Wake  co.,  N.C,  16 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Raleigh.    Here  are  a  grist-  and  a  saw-mill. 

Mycenae,  ml-see'nee  (Gr.  MvK^i/ai,  Mukenai),  a  ruined 
city  of  Greece,  the  ancient  capital  of  the  kingdom  of  Ar- 
gos,  situated  in  the  Morea  (Peloponnesus),  government  and 
5  miles  N.N.E.  of  Argos,  near  the  village  of  Krabata,  and 
with  Tiryns  only  a  few  miles  distant,  presenting  some  of 
the  most  remarkable  Pelasgian  remains  extant,  comprising 
the  whole  circuit  of  the  ancient  citadel,  the  treasury  of 
Atreus,  and  some  smaller  buildings.  Important  archaeo- 
logical discoveries  have  here  been  made  by  Schliemann. 

Adj.  and  inhab.  Mycen^an,  mi-se-nee'an. 

Myconus,  mik'o-niis,  Miconi,  Myconi,  or  My- 
cone,  mik'o-nee  (Gr.  Uvkovo^,  Miikonos),  an  island  of  the 
Grecian  Archipelago,  among  the  North  Cyclades,  5  miles 
S.E.  of  Tinos.  Area,  45  square  miles.  Pop.  3147,  chiefly 
in  the  town  of  Mycone,  on  its  W.  side.  The  island  is  of 
granite  formation,  produces  a  little  grain,  exports  wine,  figs, 
and  bides,  and  abounds  with  game,  but  is  mostly  very  dry 
and  barren.  It  has  several  good  ports,  viz.,  those  of  the 
towns  of  Mycone,  Onos,  and  Panormus  on  the  N.,  and  St. 
Anne  on  its  S.E.  side;  and  many  of  its  people  are  engaged 
in  maritime  pursuits. 

Mydrecht,  mi'dr^Kt,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
province  and  14  miles  N.N.W.  of  Utrecht.     Pop.  2952. 

Myer,  a  town  of  India.     See  Myhir. 

Myers,  mi'?rz,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Fla. 

Myers,  a  post-office  of  Howard  co..  Mo. 

Myers,  a  station  in  Ross  co.,  0.,  on  the  Scioto  Valley 
Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Chillicothe. 

Myersburg,  ml'^rz-burg,  a  post-village  of  Bradford 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Wysox  township,  about  5  miles  N.E.  of  Towanda. 
It  has  a  church,  a  flouring-mill,  a  planing-mill,  Ac. 

Myerstown,  or  Meyerstown,  mi'?rz-town,  a  post- 
village  of  Lebanon  co..  Pa.,  in  Jackson  township,  on  tho 
Lebanon  Valley  Railroad,  21  miles  W.  of  Reading,  and  6J 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Lebanon.  It  contains  5  churches,  the 
Palatinate  College  (German  Reformed),  which  was  organ- 
ized in  1868,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  tannery,  and  a 
foundry.     Pop.  in  1890,  1880. 

Myers  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Pottawatomie  co.,  Kan- 
sas, about  14  miles  N.E.  of  Manhattan. 

My'ersville,  a  village  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  6  miles  from 
Littlestown,  Pa.  It  hcs  a  church,  a  tannery,  a  flour-mill,  a 
saw-mill,  &o.     Pop.  159. 

Myersville,  a  post-village  of  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  about 
12  miles  N.W.  of  Frederick.    It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  139. 

Myersville,  Williamsburg  co.,  S.C.     See  Scranton. 

Mygonium,  or  Migonium.    See  Marathokisi. 


MTH 


1926 


MZE 


Myhnr«  a  town  of  India.    See  MrniR. 

Myhasopore,  nii'hnii-e-pOr',  a  town  of  India,  Bengal 
prcnidenoy,  fforth-Weat  I'rovineos,  in  Kohilcund.     P.  6403. 

My'hce  Caun'ta^  or  Mahiknnta,  m&'hoe-li&n'ta, 
a  British  agcnoy  in  Guiorat,  India,  comprising  several 
nntlve  sUtcs.  Lat.  23°  14'-24»  28'  N.;  Ion.  72°  41'-74° 
b'  E.  Area,  4000  square  miles.  It  is  level,  except  in  tlie 
N.  and  E.     Poik  417,056. 

My'hir,  or  Mcihar,  mi'h^r,  also  called  Myer,  mlVt 
Myhnr,  or  Myhur,  a  town  of  India,  oanitil  of  a  small 
nAtivo  state  of  the  same  name,  110  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of 
Jubbulpoor. 

Myhsee,  a  town  of  India.    See  Maisst. 

MylnPf  the  ancient  name  of  Milazzo. 

Mylassa,  the  ancient  nnino  of  Melarsa. 

My'ler,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co.,  Va. 

Mylau,  moe'ISw,  or  Muhlau^  moo'ldw,  a  town  of  Sax- 
ony, 10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Plauen.  It  has  a  castle,  and  man- 
ufactures of  cotton  goods,  Ac.     Pop.  4449. 

Mylos,  mee'los,  a  village  of  Greece,  Aforea,  4}  miles  S. 
of  Argos,  near  the  Lerncan  Marsh  (where  Hercules  destroyed 
the  Hydra). 

My^mnnsingh',  91  y^mensing',  or  Maimansinh, 
nii*m\in-sin',  a  district  of  Bengal,  bounded  N.  and  E.  by 
Assam,  and  W.  by  the  Brahmapootra.  Lat.  23°  58'-25° 
25'  N. ;  Ion.  89°  40'-91°  19'  E.  Area,  6318  square  miles. 
It  is  generally  level  and  fertile,  but  has  some  hills  and 
jungles.     Capital,  Myraunsingh.     Pop.  2,349,917. 

Jnymunsingh,  Mymensing,  or  Maimansinh, 
also  called  Nusscrabad,  or  Nasirabad,  nQs's^r-i-b^d', 
a  town  of  Bengal,  capital  of  Myraunsingh  district,  on  the 
Brahmapootra,  84  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Dacca.  It  has  a  dis- 
pensary, Ac.     Pop.  10,068. 

Mynpooree,  India.    See  Minpoouee. 

Mynyddmaen,  min'iTB-min\  a  hamlet  of  England, 
CO.  of  Monmouth,  5  miles' N.N.E.  of  Caerphilly.     P.  1920. 

Myo,  mi'o,  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  between 
Celebes  and  Gilolo.     Lat.  1°  10'  N.;  Ion.  126°  40'  E. 

Myo-IIoung,  a  town  of  India.    See  Abacan. 

Myoo,  mPoo',  a  river  of  Aracan,  British  India,  enters 
the  Bay  of  Bengal  about  20  miles  W.  of  the  mouth  of  the 
Aracan  River,  after  a  S.  course  of  110  miles. 

Myos-IIornios,  mi'os-hor'mos,  now  called  Aboo- 
sar-el-Kibls,  a  walled  town  and  port  of  Egypt,  on  the 
UeJ  Sea,  nearly  opposite  its  bifurcation  into  the  Gulfs  of 
Suez  and  Akabah,  and  anciently  famous  as  an  emporium 
of  the  trade  between  Egypt  and  India.     Lat.  27°  24'  N. 

Myra,  mec'rll,  a  decayed  town  of  Asia  Minor,  on  its  S. 
coast.     Lat.  36°  17'  N.;  Ion.  30°  3'  E. 

My'ra,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Wis.,  on  the 
Milwaukee  River,  5  miles  E.  of  AVest  Bend,  and  13  miles 
W.  of  Ozaukee.  It  has  a  brick-yard,  a  saw-mill,  and  a 
lime-kiln. 

My'rickviHe,  apost-village  in  Taunton  township,  Bris- 
tol CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad  whore  it  crosses 
tho  New  Bedford  &  Taunton  Railroad,  42  miles  S.  of  Bos- 
ton, and  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Taunton.  It  has  a  church  and  2 
granite-quarries. 

Myr'na,  a  post-office  of  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn. 

My'ron,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa,  about 
20  miles  S.E.  of  Decorah.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Myrtilis,  the  ancient  name  of  Mertola. 

Myrtle,  mir'tel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Phillips  co.,  Kansas, 
60  miles  S.  of  Kearney,  Neb.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Myrtle,  a  post-office  of  Custer  co..  Neb. 

Myrtle,  a  post-office  of  Nansemond  co.,  Va. 

Myrtle  Bayou,  bi'oo,  of  St.  Mary's  parish.  La.,  flows 
into  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

Myrtle  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  co.,  Oregon, 
on  or  near  the  South  Fork  of  the  Umpqua  River,  at  the 
mouth  of  Myrtle  Creek,  17  miles  S.  of  Roseburg.  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Myrtle  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Humboldt  co.,  CaU 

Myrtle  Point,  a  post-office  of  Coos  co.,  Oregon. 

Mysa,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Naggab. 

Myschkin,  or  Myshkin,  Russia.    See  Mishkin. 

Myslenice,  mis-li-neet'sA,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galioia, 
18  miles  S.  of  Cracow.     Pop.  1921. 

My&lowitz,  mis'lo-^its\  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  on 
tho  Polish  frontier,  116  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Breslau.  Pop. 
6S2C.     Near  it  are  mines  of  coal  and  zinc. 

Mysol,  mrsol',  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  60 
miles  N.  of  Ceram.  Lat.  2°  S. ;  Ion,  130°  E.  Length,  60 
miles  ;  breadth,  15  miles.     It  has  several  villages. 

Mysore,  mPsor'  (Hind.  Mahethaaoo'ra),  or  Maisnr, 
a  prorinoe  of  British  India,  consisting  of  a  table-land  250 
milea  long  N.  to  S.,  238  miles  broad  £.  to  AY.,  between  lat. 


11°  35' and  15°  N.,  and  Ion.  74°  45' and  78°  45'  E.,  enoloio. 
everywhere  by  tho  Madras  territories,  and  bounded  E.  »n( 
W.  by  the  Ghauts.  Average  elevation,  2000  feet  above  th 
sea.  Area,  27,077  square  miles.  Pop.  5,055,412.  I'rin 
oipal  rivers,  tho  Cavery,  and  others,  having  all  a  N.E.  o 
S.E.  course.  Climate  agreeable ;  temperature  from  70*  ti 
84°  Fahr.  Much  of  the  surface  is  poor,  but  in  tho  N.  an 
good  pasture-lands,  and  in  the  W.  extensive  forests.  lUce 
sesamum,  betel,  sugar,  tobacco,  ginger,  fruits,  various  drugi 
and  some  European  grains  are  raised.  The  condition  of  tin 
peasantry  is  better  than  in  most  parts  of  India.  Iron 
granite,  and  pot-stone  are  abundant.  A  small  quantity  ol 
gold-dust  is  also  found.  Inhabitants  mostly  Hindoo;  bu 
in  ond  about  the  towns  are  many  Mohammedans.  Tli 
Mysoroans  of  all  classes  are  characterized  as  a  deceitful 
inconstant,  profligate  race,  yet  courteous,  contented,  nnc 
patient  under  misfortune.  Annual  average  revonut 
69,031,870  rupees,  and  expenditure,  66,025,393  rujKiei 
Chief  cities  and  towns,  Seringapatam  (the  cn])ltal),  Dangft 
lore,  Mysore,  Bodnore,  Chittoldroog,  and  Simoga.  Hyde 
Alee  resisted  the  British  power  in  this  part  of  India  fron 
1780;  on  the  death  of  his  son,  Tippoo  Sahib,  1799,  a  \m% 
extent  of  territory  was  ceded,  and  the  state  became  sub 
sidiary  to  the  British.  In  1848  the  rajah  preferred  a  elaiu 
to  be  reinstated  in  his  dominions,  but  it  was  deemed  inad 
missible  on  tho  ground  of  his  incompetency  for  the  dutic 
of  government.  Among  the  wild  animals  are  the  tigci 
elephant,  leopard,  cheetah,  and  bears. 

Mysore,  a  district  in  tho  above  province.  Area,  413 
square  miles.     Pop.  943,187. 

Mysore,  a  town  of  India,  in  Mysore,  10  miles  8.  b; 
W.  of  Seringapatam.  Pop.  67,765.  Under  Hyder  Ale 
and  Tippoo  Sahib  it  fell  into  decay;  but  it  has  latterl; 
regained  importance,  and  consists  of  a  well-built  nativ 
town,  a  fort,  and  a  good  suburb.   It  has  native  carpet-worki 

Mys'tic,  a  station  in  Nevada  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Centra 
Pacific  Railroad,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Truckee. 

Mystic,  a  post-village  of  New  London  co..  Conn.,  oi 
tho  Mystic  River,  4  or  5  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  8  mile 
E.N.E.  of  New  London.  It  contains  2  churches,  a  nations 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  cotton-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill 

Mystic,  a  station  in  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Bostoi 
&,  Lowell  Railroad,  7  miles  N.N. W.  of  Boston. 

Mystic  Bridge,  a  post-village  in  Stonington  town 
ship,  New  London  co..  Conn.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Mysti 
River,  2  miles  from  the  sea,  and  on  the  New  London  < 
Stonington  Railroad,  8i  miles  E.  of  New  London.  It  con 
tains  4  churches,  a  national  bank,  the  Mystic  Valley  Insti 
tute,  a  woollen-mill,  silica-works,  a  manufactory  of  asbcs 
tos,  and  2  ship-yards  in  which  steamboats  are  built.  Ves 
sels  of  400  tons  can  ascend  to  this  place.  The  name  of  it 
railroad  station  is  Mystic.  An  iron  bridge  connects  thi 
village  with  the  village  of  Mystic  River. 

Mystic  Lake,  in  Gallatin  co.,  Montana,  the  head  oi 
Bozeman  Creek,  and  lying  12  miles  S.  of  Fort  Ellis,  is 
of  a  mile  long  and  J  of  a  mile  wide.     Elevation,  6468  feet 

Mystic  River,  New  London  co..  Conn.,  runs  southward 
and  enters  the  sea  4  or  5  miles  W.  of  Stonington. 

Mystic  River,  a  stream  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  enter 
Boston  harbor  by  a  wide  estuary  between  Chelsea  ani 
Charlestown.     Tho  river  is  navigable  to  Medford. 

Mystic  River,  a  post- village  in  Groton  township,  Nei 
London  CO.,  Conn.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  tho  Mystic  Rivei 
and  on  the  Stonington  &  Providence  Railrojid,  which  her 
crosses  the  river  on  an  iron  bridge,  2  miles  from  its  en 
trance  into  the  sea,  and  4  miles  W.  of  Stonington.  It  eon 
tains  2  churches,  several  fine  residences,  a  national  bank, 
foundry  and  machine-shop,  and  a  ship-yard.  The  nam 
of  its  railroad  station  is  West  Mystic,  and  that  of  the  post 
office.  Mystic  River. 

Mytichy,  me-tee'chee,  a  village  of  Russia,  govemmen 
and  14  miles  N.E.  of  Moscow. 

3Iytilene,  an  island  of  Greece.    See  Mitylene. 

Myttistratum,  the  ancient  name  of  Mistketta, 

Mywool'la,  a  small  island  of  the  Feejee  group.  Lat 
18°  50'  S.;  Ion.  178°  10'  E. 

Myzum,  mit'soom,  or  Myzun,  mit'soon,  a  village  ol 
Austria,  Galicia,  circle  and  about  40  miles  from  Stry,  wit 
iron-mines  and  malleable-iron-works. 

Mzarib,  a  town  of  Syria.     See  El  Mezareeb, 

Mzczonow,  or  Mszczonow,  mshi-zo'nov,  writte 
also  Mzczanow,  m^z-chi'nov,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland 
30  miles  S.W.  of  Warsaw,  with  the  old  castle  of  Radzielc 
wice.     Pop.  4871. 

Mzensk,  or  Mtzensk,  m'tsSnsk,  a  town  of  Rumm 
government  and  30  miles  N.E.  of  Orel,  on  the  Mzona.  Poi 
14,159.    It  has  a  large  trade  in  corn  and  hemp. 


NAA 


1927 


NAG 


N. 


Nanb,  nib,  or  Nab,  nib  (Gcr.  pron.  n&p),  a  river  of 
Bavaria,  joins  the  Danube  3  miles  W.  of  Ratisbon,  after  a 
S.  course  of  90  miles. 

Nnaf,  r\\{,  or  Tek-Naaf,  tSk-nlf,  a  navigable  river 
of  British  India,  Aracan,  enters  the  E.  side  of  the  Bay  of 
Bengal,  after  a  S.  course  of  50  miles. 

Naaghi,  ni'ghce,  a  village  of  Afghanistan,  17  miles 
S.AV.  of  Bajoorl  Lat.  34°  49'  N. ;  Ion.  71°  16'  E.  Some 
authorities  have  supposed  it  to  bo  the  Aornua  of  the  hia- 
toriiins  of  Alexander. 

Naaldwyk,  or  Naaldwyk,'  nJllt'wIk,  a  village  of  the 
Netherlands,  in  South  Holland,  13  miles  'W.N.'W.  of  Rotter- 
dam.   Pop.  4360. 

Naarden,  nA.n'd§n,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North 
Holland,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Amsterdam.     Pop.  2276. 

Naas,  nice,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kildare,  on  a 
canal,  9  miles  SAY.  of  Dublin.     Pop.  3660. 

Naast,  n.lst,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  on  the 
Sonne,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Mons.     Pop.  1510. 

Na^ausay',  or  Na  au  Say,  a  township  of  Kendall  co., 
III.    Pop.  918. 

Nabal,  nl'bll',  a  town  of  Africa,  dominion  and  43  miles 
S.E.  of  Tunis,  on  the  Gulf  of  Sidra.  Near  it  are  vestiges 
of  the  ancient  Neap'olis. 

Nabb,  or  Nabb's,  a  post-olBce  and  station  of  Scott 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  in  Lexington 
township,  and  3  miles  from  the  village  of  Lexington. 

Nabbiirg,  nip'pooRG,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Naab, 
31  miles  N.  of  Ilatisbon.     Pop.  1887. 

Nabha,  a  state  of  India.    See  Naubah. 

Nab-Light,  a  floating  beacon  in  the  English  Channel, 
2  miles  oil' the  E.  end  of  the  Isle  of  Wight. 

Nabloos,  Nablous,  or  Nabliis,  nd^bloos',  written 
also  Nabulus,  Naplouse,  and  Napolose  (anc.  She- 
chem,  Si/chem,  or  Sychar,  afterwards  Neap'olis),  a  city  of 
Palestine,  anciently  the  capital  of  Samaria,  33  miles  N.  of 
.Jerusalem.  Lat.  32°  12'  N. ;  Ion.  35°  28'  E.  It  is  long 
[and  narrow,  stretching  along  a  small  valley  on  the  N.E. 
'base  of  Mount  Gerizim  ;  streets  close,  but  houses  lofty  and 
well  built  of  stone,  with  domed  roofs.  Estimated  popula- 
tion, 10,000,  comprising  many  Greek  Christians  and  some 
descendants  of  the  ancient  Samaritans;  the  latter  occupy 
Itbe  S.W.  quarter,  where  they  have  a  synagogue.  Here  are 
iBercral  mosques  and  bazaars,  a  Greek  church,  and  manufivc- 
tiires  of  superior  soap  and  cotton  fabrics.  Damascus  and  the 
Mediterranean  ports  receive  hence  supplies  of  oil,  cotton, 
and  other  agricultural  products,  its  vicinity  being  well  cul- 
tivated. Near  it  are  various  Scripture  localities,  including 
Jacob's  Well  and  a  holy  place  of  the  Samaritans,  on  Mount 
Gerizim,  on  which  also  are  the  ruins  of  a  fortress  erected 
under  Justinian. 

!  Xabon,  ni^bon',  a  river  of  Persia,  province  of  Ears, 
(enters  the  Persian  Gulf  opposite  Cape  Nabon,  160  miles 
|S.E.  of  Bushire,  after  a  S.  course  of  115  miles.  On  it,  near 
'.its  mouth,  is  the  village  of  Nabon,  or  Nabend. 

Nachar,  ni^char',  a  village  of  India,  state  of  Bassahor, 
50  miles  N.E.  of  Simla. 

Nachaug,  or  Natchaug,  na-chawg',  a  small  river  of 
Connecticut,  drains  the  W.  part  of  Windham  co.,  runs 
southward,  and  unites  with  the  Willimantic  River  at  Willi- 
Tiantic,  The  stream  formed  by  this  confluence  is  the 
ilietucket. 

Naches,  nH'ches  (or  Nah'chess)  River,  Washing- 
on,  rises  in  the  Cascade  Range,  near  Naches  Pass,  runs 
•outheastward,  and  enters  the  Yakima  River  near  lat.  46° 
10'  N.    It  is  about  100  miles  long. 

Nach'es,  or  Nech'es,  a  post-office  of  Houston  oo., 
Tex.,  about  30  miles  S.E.  of  Palestine. 

Nachod,  n^K'od,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  19  miles  N.E.  of 
Koniggratz,  on  the  Mettau.     Pop.  3537. 

Nachu'sa,  a  post-village  in  Nachusa  township,  Lee 
M.,  III.,  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  6  miles 
''.  of  Dixon.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  man- 
ifactory  of  farming-implements. 

Nacimento,  nd-the-mSn'to,  a  town  of  Spain,  Anda- 
U8ia,  province  and  24  miles  from  Almeria.     Pop.  2169. 

Nack'awick',  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  the  New  Brunswick  Railway,  43  miles  W.  of  Fred- 
:ricton.    Pop.  150. 

Nackel,  nik'k?l,  or  Naklo,  nlk'lo,  a  town  of  Prussia, 

b  miles  W.  of  Bromberg,  on  the  Netze.     Pop.  5651. 

Nackenheim,  nak'k?n-himeS  a  village  of  Hesse,  in 
'incin-IIessen,  near  Oppenheim.    Pop.  1295. 


h 


Nackiloo,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Nakilo. 

Nacogdoches,  nak'o-do'chiz,  a  county  in  the  E.  part 
of  Texas,  has  an  area  of  about  960  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Atoyac  River,  and  on  the  S.W. 
by  the  Angelina  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  a 
large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Cotton,  cattle,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Houston,  East  &,  West  Texas 
Railway.  Capital,  Nacogdoches.  Pop.  in  1870,  [9614;  in 
1880,  11,590;  in  1890,  15,984. 

Nacogdoches,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Nacogdoches 
CO.,  Tex.,  about  60  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Palestine,  and  175 
miles  N.  of  Galveston.  It  has  a  court-house,  3  newspaper 
offices,  3  churches,  and  a  masonic  institute.  P.  (1890)  1138. 

Nacoochee,  naw-koo'chee,  a  post-hamlet  of  White  co., 
Ga.,  in  Nacoochee  Valley,  90  miles  N.N.E.  of  Atlanta. 
Gold  is  found  here.     It  is  surrounded  by  fine  scenery. 

Nacnndi,  ni-kun'dee,  a  town  on  the  island  of  Nuku- 
lau,  one  of  the  Feejee  group,  on  a  stream,  about  20  miles 
above  Rewah.     Pop.  about  600. 

Nadaun,  niMawn',  Naudaun,  nawMawn',  or  Na- 
dan,  nil^din',  a  town  of  India,  Punjab,  on  the  Beas,  84 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Amritsir.  Lat.  31°  46'  N. ;  Ion.  76°  IS'  E. 
It  is  celebrated  for  fine  gardens. 

Nadeaii,  na-do',  a  station  in  Kern  co.,  Cal.,  on  tha 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of  Tehichipa  Pass. 

Nadeau,  a  post-office  of  Menominee  co.,  Mich.,  36  miles 
N.  of  Menominee. 

Nddindal,  nO'deen-diP,  a  town  of  Finland,  12  miles 
N.AV.  ofAbo.     Pop.  460. 

Nadiya,  a  town  of  Bengal.    See  Nudhea. 

Nadudvar,n6hMoodVaR',  atown  of  Hungary,  21  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Debreczin.     Pop.  7879. 

Nadworna,  nid-^on'ni,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia, 
22  miles  S.  of  Stanislawow.     Pop.  5570. 

Naifels,  or  Nafels,  nA'f^ls,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  4  miles  N.  of  Glarus,  on  the  Linth.     Pop.  2490. 

Naerim,  or  Nftrim,  ni'rim,  a  maritime  parish  of  Nor- 
way, 22  miles  S.W.  of  Stavanger,  on  the  North  Sea. 

Naistved,  a  town  of  Denmark.     See  Nestved. 

NalPs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Va.,  11  miles  S.  of 
Big  Lick  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Naga  (ni'gi)  Hills,  a  district  of  Assam,  on  the  E.  and 
S.E.  frontier.  Area,  4900  square  miles.  Pop.  08,918.  Its 
people  are  of  the  wild  Naga  race,  and  of  many  warlike 
tribes.   Besides  these  there  are  14,.^83  Nagas  in  Luckimpoor. 

Nagamangalum,  na-gi-ma,n-gi-lum',  or  Naga- 
mangaiam,  ni-gi-min-gi-ldm',  a  fortified  town  of  India, 
in  Mysore,  28  miles  N.  of  Seringapatam.  Its  citadel  con- 
tains 2  temples  and  a  ruined  palace. 

Nagapatam,  a  town  of  India.     See  NEOArATAii. 

Nagapoora,  the  Hindoo  name  of  Nagpoou. 

Nagnr,  ni-gar',  a  small  town  or  village  of  Central  Asia, 
capital  of  a  petty  state,  also  called  Nagar. 

Nagar,  a  division  of  India.     See  Nuggttr. 

Nagara,  ni-gi'ri,  a  town  on  the  island  of  Borneo,  In 
Banjermassin.     It  has  a  trade  in  deer's  flesh  and  horns. 

Nagara  River,  Banjermassin,  is  an  affluent  of  the 
Banjer,  which  it  joins  about  35  miles  N.N.E.  of  the  town 
of  Banjermassin,  after  a  S.S.W.  course  of  above  100  miles. 

Nagarbasti,  Bengal.    See  Nagorbussy. 

Nagasaki,  nA^gi-si'ke,  improperly  written  Nan^a- 
saki,  a  seaport  and  commercial  city  of  Japan,  on  the 
S.W.  side  of  the  island  of  Kioo-Sioo,  in  lat.  32°  44'  8'"  N., 
Ion.  129°  51'  33"  E.  Population,  according  to  the  official 
census  of  1890,  55,063.  It  stands  on  a  hill-slope,  facing 
the  harbor,  is  regularly  built,  and  clean.  The  houses  are 
of  one  story,  built  of  clay  and  wood,  coated  with  cement, 
furnished  with  verandas  and  Venetian  blinds,  and  ha\ing 
oiled  paper  in  place  of  glass.  The  chief  edifices  are  the 
palaces  of  the  governors  and  other  grandees,  the  Dutch  and 
Chinese  factories,  arsenal,  several  theatres,  and  upwards  of 
60  temples,  enclosed  by  gardens,  which,  with  numerous  tea- 
houses, form  the  favorite  public  resorts  of  the  population. 
The  harbor  is  about  7  miles  in  length  by  one  mile  in  breadth, 
and  ships  lie  securely  sheltered  in  5  or  6  fathoms  of  water. 
It  has  a  hospital,  college,  dry-dock,  and  slips  for  shipping. 
Previous  to  the  treaty  which  was  concluded  in  1854  be- 
tween the  United  States  and  the  Japanese,  this  was  the  only 
port  of  Japan  open  to  foreign  traders,  and  the  Dutch  and 
Chinese  who  resorted  to  it  were  confined,  under  strict  su- 
pervision, to  the  artifieal  island  of  Desima,  only  600  feet 
in  length  by  240  feet  across,  off  the  shore.    The  shops  are 


NAO 


1928  NAI 


numerous  and  well  supplied,  and  there  are  many  breweries 
for  rioe-becr.     It  has  still  a  largo  European  and  Chinese 
trade,  and  is  a  groat  depot  for  pottery. 
Nagcra,  a  town  of  bnain.    See  Najrra. 
Nnitcrilla.  a  river  ot  Spain.    Soo  Najrrilla. 
Na(;gar,  n&g^gar'  (ano.  My'taf),  a  walled  town  of  In> 
dia,  in  the  plain  of  Bunnoo,  63  miles  S.W.  of  Poshawer. 

^HRgrec,  n&);'gree',  or  Nagri-Kotc,  n&'groe'-kot,  a 
fort  and  important  military  station  of  India,  state  and  26 
miles  S.K.  of  Sikkim.     Lat.  26°  66'  N. ;  Ion.  88°  8'  E. 

Nagold,  iii'golt,  a  town  of  Wiirtcmborg,  Black  Forest, 
on  tho  Nagold,  16  miles  W.  of  Tiibingen.     Pop.  2972. 

Nagorbussy,  ni-gor-bCls'see,  or  Nagarbasti,  n&- 
gur-bus'tce,  a  town  of  Bengal,  42  miles  N.E.  of  Patna,  dis- 
trict and  2U  niilos  by  rail  S.  of  Durbungab. 

Nagore,  ni-gOr',  called  also  Nagar  and  Rajnagar, 
a  town  of  Bengal,  district  of  Beerbhoom,  of  which  it  was 
once  the  capital,  117  miles  N.W.  of  Calcutta,  on  tho  route 
to  Patna,  and  seated  in  the  midst  of  an  area  10  miles  in 
diameter,  enclosed  by  a  mud  rampart  and  trench.  Lat.  23° 
66'  N.;  Ion.  87°  21'  E.    It  is  now  in  ruins. 

Nagore  V  a  town  of  British  India,  presidency  of  Madras, 
district  and  48  miles  E.  of  Tanjore,  on  tho  Nagore  River, 
a  branch  of  the  Cavory,  at  its  mouth  in  tho  Indian  Ocean, 
and  here  crossed  by  a  nino-arched  bridge.  Lat.  10°  49'  N. 
It  is  populous,  busy,  and  well  built.  Chief  edifices,  its 
mosques^  and  a  square  tower,  150  feet  in  height. 

Nagore,  a  town  of  India,  dominions  and  70  miles  N.E. 
of  Joodpoor.  It  is  fortified,  and  noted  for  its  manufactures 
of  brass  and  iron  wares.     Pop.  about  40,000. 

Nagowic'ka  Lake,  Wisconsin,  in  Waukesha  co. 
Length,  2^  miles ;  breadth,  J  of  a  mile. 

Nagoya,  nl-goy'i,  a  city  of  Japan,  island  of  Ilondo, 
170  miles  W.S.W.  of  Tokio,  and  7  milos  N.E.  of  the  port 
of  Miya.  It  is  regularly  built,  with  a  strong  fortress,  many 
temples  and  monasteries,  a  college,  and  manufactures  of  fans, 
porcelain,  lacquered,  enamelled,  and  carved  wares,  Ac.  It 
is  one  of  the  largest  cities  of  the  empire.    P.  1890,  162,767. 

Nag'poor',  Nagpur,  nig'poor',  or  Nagpore,  nig'- 
por'  (native,  Nmjapoora,  "town  of  serpents"),  a  city  of 
India,  capital  of  Nagpoor  district  and  division,  and  of  the 
Central  Provinces,  lUO  miles  E.  of  Ellichpoor,  and  440 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Bombay.  It  is  the  seat  of  many  gov- 
ernment offices,  and  has  a  largo  trade,  and  manufactures  of 
cotton,  silk,  woollens,  and  cutlery.     Pop.  (1891)  117,910. 

Nagpoor,  or  Nagpur,  a  division  of  the  Central  Prov- 
inces, India,  comprising  the  districts  of  Balaghat,  Bhun- 
dara,  Chanda,  Nagpoor,  and  Warda.  It  is  for  the  most  part 
»  great  and  fertile  plain.  Area,  22,343  square  miles.  Capi- 
tal, Nagpoor.  Pop.  2,280,081.  Nagpoou  District  has  an 
area  of  3734  square  miles.     Pop.  639,341. 

Nagri-Kote,  a  fort  of  India.    See  Nagoreb. 

Nag's  Head,  a  township  of  Dare  co.,  N.C.  Pop.  1000. 

Naguabo,  ni!L-gwfl,'Bo,  a  town  and  port  of  entry  on  the 
E.  coast  of  Porto  Rico. 

Nagy,  nSdj,  a  Hungarian  word,  signifying  "great," 
prefixed  to  many  places  in  Hungary  and  Transylvania. 
For  those  not  undermentioned  see  additional  name. 

Nagy  Abony,  nSdj  oh'ban',  a  town  of  West  Hungary, 
CO.  and  49  miles  S.E.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  10,232. 

Nagy  Ag,  nSdj  4g,  a  village  of  Transylvania,  co.  of 
Hunyad,  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Vujda-IIunyad.  Pop.  2003, 
employed  in  the  adjacent  mines  of  gold  and  silver. 

Nagy  Aranyos,  Transylvania.    See  Aranyos. 

Nagy  B{\ioin,  n5dj  bQh^yom',  a  village  of  Transyl- 
vania, CO.  of  Sumegh.     Pop.  4309. 

Nagy  Banya,  nodj  bSn'yoh^  (i.e.,  the  "Great  Mines") 
(Ger.  Nemtadt,  noi'stitt),  a  town  of  East  Hungary,  32 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Szathmar,  near  tho  Transylvanian  frontier. 
It  has  churches  of  various  sects,  and  a  Roman  Catholic  col- 
lege, and  is  the  capital  of  one  of  the  principal  mining  dis- 
tricts of  Hungary,  most  of  its  inhabitants  being  employed 
in  mining  industry.     Pop.  7200. 

Nagy  Becskerek,  nodj  baitch^ki-rek',  or  Great 
Bccskerek,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Torontal,  on  the 
left  bank  of  tho  Bega,  45  miles  S.W.  of  Temesvar,  with 
which  it  communicates  by  canal.  It  possesses  important 
privileges,  is  the  seat  of  several  district  offices,  and  contains 
a  Roman  Catholic  and  a  Greek  church.     Pop.  19,666. 

Nagy  Diznod,  Transylvania.    See  Heltau. 

Nagy  Enyed,  nodj  dn'yW  (Ger.  Ejidstadt,  i'ghit- 
Etiltt'),  a  town  of  Transylvania,  on  the  Maros,  17  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Karlsburg,  with  a  Protestant  college,  a  museum, 
cavalry  barracks,  and  a  public  library.     Pop.  6779. 

Nagy  (iyor,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Raab. 

Nagy  Ida,  nodj  ee'dOh^  a  town  of  Hungary,  oo.  of 
Aba  Uj  Var,  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Kaschau.     Pop.  740. 


Nagy  Kaba,  a  village  of  Hungary.    See  Kaba. 

Nagy  Kallo,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Kallo. 

Nagy  Kaiiiisa,  Hungary.    See  Kanisa,  Naot. 

Nagy  Karoly,  nOdj  koh'ril',  a  town  of  Transylvania 
CO.  of  Sxathmar,  37  miles  E.N.E,  of  Dcbrociin.  Pop,  12  754 

Nagy  Kata,  nOdj  kdh'tdh',  a  market-town  of  HuDnrj 
00.  and  32  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Pcfth,  with  a  cjistle,  a  Protflttai 
church,  and  large  cattle-markets.     Pop.  6093.  ^ 

Nagy  Kikinda,  Hungary.     See  Kiki.vda. 

Nagy  Kbrtts,  nodj  ko'rijsh'  {i.e.,  "Great  KiJrlSs") 
market-town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  49  miles  E.  of  Po*th,'i 
a  fertile  but  somewhat  marshy  district.     It  contains  I'n.i 
cstant,  Greek,  and  Roman  Catholic  churches,  a  synagogue 
and  a  gymmvsium,  with  a  library,  and  has  a  coniideraUr 
trade  in  wool  and  cattle.     Pop.  20,091. 

Nagy  Kunsag,  a  district  of  Hungary.    See  Cchaxi 

Nagy  Lcvard,  Hungary.    See  Levard. 

Nagy  Alada,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Mada. 

Nagy  Magyar,  nCdj  mod^yon',  or  Gross  Magcn. 
dorf,  groco  uiAg'^n-doiir,  a  village  of  Hungary,  13  mile 
from  Prcsburg.     Pop.  2732. 

Nagy  Alargitta,  a  town  of  Hungary.    SoeMAnoiTTA 

Nagy  Maros,  nCdj  mor'osh',  or  Gross  Maroscb 
groce  rai'rosh,  a  market-town  of  Hungary,  on  tbe  t\^\\ 
bank  of  the  Danube,  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Pesth.  Pop.  32U0 

Nagy  Martony,  Hungary.    See  Matteusdorf. 

Nagy  Mihaly,  nSdj  mee'hal'  (Ger.  Grout  Michel,  groc 
mee'K^I),  a  town  of  Transylvania,  co.  and  20  milos  E.N.E 
of  Zemplin.  Pop.  3516.  The  Naoy  Mihaly  lUver  0 
Transylvania  joins  the  Theiss  near  Huszth. 

Nagy  Sarlo,  nSdj  san'lo,  a  town  of  Hungary,  00.  an 
10  miles  S.  of  Barsch,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Grnu. 

Nagy-SzttlOs,  nSdj  so'liish',  a  town  of  Hungary,  capl 
tal  of  the  CO.  of  Ugocs,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Munkacs. 

Nagy  Tolcsva,  n5dj  tolch'vSh',  a  village  of  llungarj 
CO.  of  Zemplin,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Tokay.     Pop.  3064. 

Nagy  Varad,  a  city  of  Hungary.    See  Gross wabdeij 

Nahanpara,  a  town  of  India.    See  Nanpaiia. 

Na^hant',  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Esse 
CO.,  Mass.,  is  in  Massachusetts  Bay,  on  a  small  rocky  pcnin 
sula,  connected  with  Lynn  township  by  a  narrow  sand 
isthmus.  It  is  12  miles  (by  water)  N.E.  of  Boston,  and 
miles  from  Lynn.  Here  are  numerous  cottages  and  vilUi 
in  which  many  of  the  people  of  Boston  and  Cambridge  pu 
the  summer.     Pop.  in  1890,  880. 

Nahe,  ni'^h  (anc.  Na'va),  a  river  of  Germany,  Rhcn 
ish  Prussia,  joins  the  Rhine  at  Bingen,  after  a  N.E.  cour» 
of  60  miles.     Affluents,  the  Glan  and  Simmer. 

Naheo'la,  a  post-office  of  Choctaw  co.,  Ala. 

Nahrawan,  n&-r&-win',  was  an  ancient  canal  in  Al 
Syria  and  Babylonia,  which  proceeded  from  the  Tigris,  noa 
the  confluence  of  the  Zab,  for  450  miles  towards  the  Per 
sian  Gulf,  with  a  breadth  of  from  120  to  130  yards. 

Nahr-el-Kebeer,  or  Nahr«el-Kebir,  nir-4l-k« 
beer',  a  river  of  Syria,  enters  tho  Mediterranean  20  mile 
N.  of  Tripoli,  after  a  westward  course  of  35  miles. 

Nahun'ta,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Ga. 

Nahunta,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  N.C.  Pop.  187^ 
It  contains  Fremont. 

Naiad,  ni'ad,  a  group  of  low  coral  islands  in  the  Nwtl 
Pacific  Ocean.     Lat.  5°  39'  N. ;  Ion.  153°  32'  E. 

Naila,  ni'li,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  Upper  Franoonia*  2 
miles  N.E.  of  Bairouth.     Pop.  2112. 

Nailloux,  nih'yoo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Haat« 
Garonne,  18  miles  S.  of  Toulouse.     Pop.  1427. 

Nail's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Banks  co.,  Ga. 

Nail'sea,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Somerset,  witl 
a  station  on  tho  Great  Western  Railway,  8  miles  W.S.W.  0 
Bristol.  It  has  large  manufactures  of  crown-glass 
coal-works.     Pop.  2237. 

Nails'worth,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Glouceitci 
2  miles  W.S.W.  of  Minchinhampton.  Population  emplojre 
in  manufactures  of  woollens. 

Naiman,  ni'min',  a  walled  town  of  Central  Asia 
khanat  and  17  miles  S.S.E.  of  Khiva. 

Nain,  nin,  a  town  of  India,  in  Oude,  45  miles  N.W.  0 
Allahabad. 

Nain,  ni'in  (Arab.  Nein,  nin),  a  hamlet  of  Palestine 
pashalic  and  24  miles  S.E.  of  Acre,  now  insignificant,  bu 
memorable  as  the  place  of  the  miracle  recorded  in  St.  Luk« 

Nain,  a  town  and  Moravian  mission-station  of  Labra 
dor,  on  a  good  harbor,  80  miles  N.W.  of  Hopedale,  and  il 
lat.  57°  N.     Pop.  270. 

Nair,  or  Neir,  nir,  a  town  of  India,  52  miles  S.E.  ol 
Ellichpoor. 

Nairai,  ni'rl,  one  of  the  Feejee  Islands,  South  Paell 
Ocean,  famooa  for  its  manufacture  of  mats,  baskets.  It. 


NAI 


1929 


NAN 


Nairn,  nim,  or  Nairnshire,  nirn'shir,  a  county  of 
cotland,  having  N.  tho  Moray  Firth.  Area,  including  de- 
ichcd  districts  in  Elgin,  Inverness,  and  Ross,  estimated  at 
15  square  miles,  about  two-thirds  of  which  are  cultivated, 
urface  mostly  rugged  and  mountainous,  except  along  the 
xist.  Principal  rivers,  Nairn  and  Findhorn.  It  is  under 
ne  sheriff  with  Banff  and  Elgin,  and  unites  with  Elgin  in 
>ntling  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Chief 
nvn,  Nairn.     Pop.  10,225. 

Nairn,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland,  capital  of  the  above 
)unty,  on  the  small  river  Nairn,  at  its  influx  in  the  Moray 
irth,  15  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Inverness.  It  is  lighted 
ith  gas,  has  a  stone  bridge  across  the  Nairn,  county  hall, 
)urt-house,  and  jail,  an  academy,  museum,  hotel,  baths, 
branch  banks,  and  a  harbor,  with  pier  and  breakwater. 
he  burgh  unites  with  Inverness,  Forres,  and  Fortrose  in 
miling  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Pop.  3751. 
Nairn,  na'^m,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scioto  co.,  0.,  7  miles 
.  of  Seiotoville  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill, 
ul  a  saw-mill. 

Nairn,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
iviiro  aux  Sables,  3  miles  from  Ailsa  Craig,  and  22  miles 
'.X.W.  of  London.     It  contains  a  saw-mill,  a  carding- 
ill,  and  several  stores  and  hotels.     Pop.  200. 
Naix,  nd,  a  village  of  France,  in  Mouse,  on  the  site  of 
10  ancient  AWsium.      Here  numerous  fine   statues   and 
her  Roman  antiquities  have  been  discovered. 
Naizin,  nd'z4>"o',  a  village  of  France,  Morbihan,  8  miles 
E.  of  Pontivy.     Pop.  of  commune,  2045. 
Najac,  n.Vzhil,k',  a  town  of  France,  Aveyron,  9  miles 
S.W.  of  Villefranche,  on  tho  Aveyron.     Pop.  1312. 
Najera,  Nagera,  or  Naxera,  ni-ni'ri,  a  town  of 
xiin,  province  and  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Logroiio,  on  the 
ijerilla,  at  tho  foot  of  a  mountain-range.     It  was  once 
0  seat  of  the  court  of  Navarre.     Pop.  2045. 
Najerilla,  Nagerilla,  or  Naxerilla,  nl-Hi-reel'yi, 
river  of  Spain,  rises  in  the  mountains  W.  of  Almarza, 
ovlnco  of  Burgos,  and  flows  N.N.E.  into  the  Ebro,  10 
ilos  below  Najera.     Course,  40  miles. 
Nakab-al-Hajar,  ni^kib'-il-hH^jar',  a  ruined  city 
Arabia,  lladramaut.     Lat.  14°  40'  N.  ,•  Ion.  47°  35'  E. 
Niikel,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Nackel. 
Nakhchivan,  Nakhshivan,  nik^shee-vin',  Nakit- 
■hewan,  or  NakhitscheAVan,  ni-keet-sh^-vin'  (anc. 
■x'ata  or  Naxiia'na,  "  first  place  of  descent"),  a  town  of 
iiiitic  Russia,  Transcaucasia,  province  and  83  miles  S.E. 
Erivan.     It  has  the  repute  of  being  "  the  oldest  city  in 
c  world,"  its  Armenian  name  and  tradition  implying  that 
■e  tenants  of  the  ark  first  resided  here  after  the  flood  ;  and 
\i  vicinity  is  so  fertile  in  fruits,  especially  grapes,  as  to 
iscrve  the  repute  of  being  the  region  where  Noah  planted 
vineyard  (Gen.  ix.  20).     Pop.  8772. 
Nakhchivan,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Yekaterinoslav,  on 
!e  Don,  18  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Novo-Cherkask,  and 
larly  adjacent  to  Rostov.   It  was  founded  by  an  Armenian 
lony  in  1780,  and  is  the  residence  of  the  Armenian  pa- 
arch  in  Russia.     It  is  built  in  the  Oriental  style.     Prin- 
>al  edifices,  several  handsome  Armenian  churches,  con- 
nt?,  and  a  bazaar.     It  has   manufactures  of   silk  and 
tun  stuffs,  soap,  and  leather,  with  many  distilleries,  and 
extensive  trade,  being,  with  the  contiguous  town,  Rostov, 
trincipal  entrepot  of  the  Don,  and  of  the  commerce  from 
sanrng  to  the  interior  of  Russia.     Pop.  16,258. 
Nakhodeh,  ni'Ko'dSh,  a  largo  village  of  Persia,  prov- 
'0  of  Azerbaijan,  S.S.W.  of  Ooroomeeyah. 
Xakhor-Vat,  Cambodia.     See  Angkor. 
iVakilo,  ni^ke-lo',  Nakiloo,  or  Nackiloo,  na.'ke- 
',  a  town  of  Persia,  province  of  Laristan,  on  the  Per- 
n  Gulf.    Lat.  26°  52'  N. ;  Ion.  53°  30'  E. 
Vaklo,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Nackel. 
Vako,  ni'ko^  a  village  of  Thibet,  among  the  West  Him- 
yas,  12,000  feet  above  the  sea-level,  and  on  the  shoulder 
the  great  mountain  Porgyul,  103  miles  N.E.  of  Simla. 
Vako-Nako,  nl'ko-ni'ko,  a  group  of  small  islands  ofl" 
■}\'.  coast  of  Sumatra,  W.  of  Nias.     Lat.  0°  50'  N. 
Vakskov,  a  town  of  Denmark.    See  Naskov. 
Val,  nil,  a  walled  town  of  Beloochistan.     Lat.  27°  35' 
f;  Ion.  65°  59'  E.     It  is  said  to  be  of  much  antiquity, 
'1  has  a  fort,  the  stronghold  of  the  Bezunja  tribe. 
Valnbu,  nl-li-boo',  or  Analabu,  3.-nd-li-boo',  a  sea- 
■t  town  of  Sumatra,  on  the  N.W.  coast.     Lat.  4°  8'  30" 
;  Ion.  96°  8'  E. 

jValcha,  ndl'chS,,  a  town  of  India,  Gwalior  dominions. 
;t.  22°  25'  N. ;  Ion.  75°  29'  E. 

Valchi'ra,  a  large  island  in  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  be- 
ging  to  Noakhally  district.  Lat.  22°  24'  N.;  Ion.  91° 
R-    It  was  nearly  depopulated  by  the  cyclone  of  1866. 


b 


Nalchit'ty,  or  Nalchiti,  nil-chee't?,  a  town  of  Ben- 
gal, district  and  8  miles  N.W.  of  Backergunge,  on  tho 
navigable  river  Nalchitty,  an  arm  of  the  Ganges.  It  is 
the  seat  of  a  large  triide  in  sugar,  salt,  oil,  tobacco,  rice, 
cocoa-nuts,  timber,  betel,  <tc. 

Nalda,  nil'di,  a  town  of  Spain,  Old  Castile,  8  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Logrofio,  on  tho  Iregua.     Pop.  1411. 

Nalinnes,  niMeen',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Ilainaut, 
27  miles  E.  of  Mons.     Pop.  2300. 

Nalitabari,  ni-Ie-tl-bi'ree,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  My- 
munsingh,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Sherpoor.  It  is  a  great  market 
for  cotton  and  jute. 

Nalliers,  niryi'  or  nih^yi',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Vendee,  24  miles  S.E.  of  La  Roche-sur-Yon.     Pop.  1274. 

Nalon,  nd-lon',  a  river  of  Northern  Spain,  rises  near 
Tama  in  Asturias,  and,  after  a  N.W.  course  of  62  miles  past 
Oviedo,  enters  the  Bay  of  Biscay  near  Mures. 

Namalouk  (ni-mi-look')  Islands,  a  group  of  several 
islands  in  the  Pacific  Ocean.     Lat.  5°  55'  N. ;  Ion.  153°  E. 

Namangan,  n5,^m3,n-gS.n',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia, 
in  Ferghana,  on  the  Jaxartes,  about  66  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Khokan.     Pop.  25,000. 

Nam'aqua,  a  post-hamlet  of  Larimer  co.,  Col.,  on  Big 
Thompson  Creek,  about  56  miles  N.  of  Denver. 

Namaqua  (ni-mi'kwi)  Land,  a  maritime  district  in 
the  N.W.  of  Cape  Colony,  Africa.  Area,  18,198  square 
miles.  It  is  a  very  dry  region,  chiefly  important  for  its 
pasturage  and  its  copper  ores.  Chief  towns,  Springbokfon- 
tein,  from  which  a  railway  extends  to  Port  Nolloth,  the 
principal  seaport.  Pop.  12,351.  The  above  is  also  called 
Little  Namaqua  Land,  to  distinguish  it  from  Great  Namaqua 
Land,  a  vast  region,  having  the  Kalihari  Desert  on  the  E. 
and  the  Atlantic  on  the  W.,  and  reaching  from  Orange 
River  N.  to  the  latitude  of  Walfish  Bay.  It  is  peopled  by 
Namaquas,  a  Hottentot  tribe,  and  is  claimed  by  Great 
Britain.    See  Hottentots. 

Nameka'gon  River,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  a  small  lake 
of  the  same  name  in  Bayfield  co.,  and  runs  southwestward 
into  Burnett  co.  It  finally  runs  northwestward,  and  enters 
the  St.  Croix  River  in  the  county  last  named.  It  is  about 
100  miles  long. 

Nanien,  a  city  of  Belgium.    See  NAMnn. 

Nameoki,  nam'e-o'k?,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co., 
111.,  on  the  Indianapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  10  miles  N.E. 
of  St.  Louis.  It  is  also  on  the  Chicago,  Alton  &  St.  Louis 
Railroad.     It  has  3  churches. 

Nameszto,  noh^mSss'to^  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Arva,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Also-Kubin.     Pop.  1350. 

Namiescht,  ni'mecsht',  a  town  of  Moravia,  27  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Znaim,  on  the  Oslava.     Pop.  1560. 

Namiescht,  a  town  of  Moravia,  8  miles  W.  of  Olmutz. 

Namnetes,  an  ancient  name  of  Nantes. 

Namonouito,  ni-mo-noo-ee'to,  a  coral  island  group 
in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  about  lat.  9°  N.,  Ion.  150°  E. 

Namoo,  or  Namon.    See  Muskillo. 

Namooka,  Friendly  Islands.    See  Annamooko. 

Namozine,  nam-o-zeen',  a  post-office  of  Amelia  co.,  Va. 

Namozinc  Creek,  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Virginia,  flows 
N.E.  along  the  boundary  between  Amelia  and  Dinwiddie 
COS.  until  it  enters  the  Appomattox  River. 

Namslau,  nims'lSw,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  30 
miles  E.  of  Breslau,  on  the  Weida.  It  is  enclosed  by 
double  walls,  and  has  manufactures  of  linens  and  woollens, 
breweries,  and  considerable  cattle-fairs.     Pop.  5383. 

Nam'sos,  a  post-offico  of  Jackson  co.,  Minn. 

Namur,  ni'mur  (anc.  Namur'ctim;  Fr.  pron.  nl'miln'; 
Flem.  Namen,  ni'm^n),  a  strongly  fortified  city  of  Belgium, 
capital  of  a  province,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Sambre  and 
Meuse,  36  miles  S.E.  of  Brussels,  at  tho  junction  of  several 
railways.  It  has  a  fine  cathedral,  the  churches  of  St.  Loup 
and  Notre  Dame,  a  new  town  hall,  and  a  public  library.  Its 
fortress  is  situated  on  a  rock  which  commands  the  Meuso 
and  the  Sambre.  It  is  celebrated  for  its  cutlery,  and  has 
manufactures  of  iron,  steel,  and  bronze  articles,  foundries, 
glass-works,  and  tanneries.  It  has  sustained  numerous 
sieges,  and  was  taken  by  Louis  XIV.  in  person  in  1692,  by 
the  English  and  Dutch  under  William  III.  in  1695,  and 
again  by  French  armies  in  1701  and  1746.  P.  (1891)  29,749. 

Naniur,  a  province  of  Belgium,  bounded  on  the  S.  and 
S.M'.  by  France,  and  intersected  by  the  Meuse.  Area,  1414 
square  miles.  It  is  rich  in  mines  of  iron,  le.id,  copper,  and 
coal.    Chief  towns,  Namur  and  Dinant.    P.  (1890)  341,072. 

Namn  r,  nim'oor,  a  post-oflBce  of  Door  co.,  Wis.,  27  miles 
N.E.  of  Green  Bay. 

NamAvang,  a  town  of  Cambodia.    See  Pnompenh. 

Nanafalia,  nan'ah-fa-ll'ah,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marenga 
CO.,  Ala.,  on  the  Tombigbee,  70  miles  W.S.W.  of  Selma. 


NAN 


1930 


NAN 


NanaimOi  ni-nl'mo,  a  poit-town  on  the  eastern  or 
Inner  shore  of  Vancouver  Itlund,  liritith  Columbia,  74 
miUa  N.  of  Victoria.  It  o^ros  its  growth  and  importance 
to  the  mines  of  lignitio  coal  wliioh  are  worliod  in  tho  vi- 
cinity, also  to  its  excellent  froostone-quarrios.  It  contains  a 
ohuroh,  a  jail,  a  saw-mill,  and  several  stores.  A  steamer 
runs  weekly  between  here  and  Victoria.  Pop.  (180!)  4595. 
Nanas,  nOh'nSsh',  one  of  the  llaiduok  towns  of  llun- 
garv,  24  miles  N.N.W.  of  Dobreczin.     Pop.  13,198. 

Nanay,  n&nl',  a  river  of  Ecuador,  tlie  first  oonsidor- 
•ble  affluent  of  the  Amazon  W.  of  the  mouth  of  the  Napo. 
Nniice,  nans*,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Ne- 
braska, tnivcrsed  by  Loup  River.    Area,  43(1  square  miles. 
Capital,  Fullerton.     Pop.  in  1880,  1212;  in  1890,  6773. 

Nnn-Chang,  or  Nan-Tchang»  n&n'ch&ng',  a  city 
of  China,  capital  of  the  province  of  Kiang-Soo,  on  the 
Kan-Ki:ing  liiver,  285  miles  S.W.  of  Nan-King,  in  lat.  28° 
36'  N.,  Ion.  116°  E. 

Nnnche,  nin^chA',  a  town  of  China,  province  of  Che- 
Kiang,  about  40  miles  W.  of  Yen-Chow-Foo.  It  appears 
to  be  about  3  miles  in  circuit,  and  to  carry  on  a  very  ex- 
tensive trade,  tho  river  being  covered  with  boats,  which  are 
oonstantly  plying  between  it  and  Yen-Chow,  Ilang-Chow, 
and  many  other  places.     Pop.  about  200,000. 

Nancowry,  nin-k3w'rcc,  one  of  the  Nicobar  Islands, 
Bay  of  Bengal,  lat.  7°  57'  N.,  Ion.  93°  43'  E.,  about  25  miles 
in  circumference.  It  has  an  excellent  harbor,  and  is  tho 
Beat  of  a  British-Indian  penal  settlement. 

Nau'cy  (Fr.  pron.  n6N«*8eo';  L.  Nancm'um  or  Nance' - 
ium),  a  town  of  Franco,  capital  of  the  department  of 
Meurthc-et-Mosello,  36  miles  S.  of  Metz,  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  Meurthe,  and  on  the  railway  from  Paris  to  Stras- 
burg.  This  is  one  of  tho  finest  and  best-built  towns  of 
Franco.  In  the  Place  Nationale  is  tho  town  hall,  bishop's 
palace,  and  a  bronze  statue  of  Stanislaus,  ex-king  of  Po- 
land, who  embellished  the  town.  Tho  chief  buildings  are 
the  cathedral,  church  of  Bon  Secours,  barracks,  and  hos- 
pitals. It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  an  acadC-mio  uni- 
versitiiire,  a  tribunal  of  commerce,  national  college,  nor- 
mal school  and  library,  cabinet  of  natural  history,  and  a 
botanic  garden.  Its  embroidery  is  celebrated,  and  it  has 
manufactures  of  woollen  cloths,  hosiery,  paper,  cotton 
goods,  oil,  and  candles.  Nancy  was  taken  by  Charles  tho 
Bold  in  1476,  and  he  was  killed  while  besieging  it  in 
1477.  Louis  XIII.  took  it  in  1634.  Its  citadel  is  still 
preserved.     Pop.  in  1881,  73,208;  in  1891,  87,110. 

Maiidan-Sar,  n&nMin'-sar,  a  small  lake  of  Cashmere, 
held  in  high  reverence.     Lat.  33°  21'  N.;  Ion.  74°  26'  E. 

Nanderc,  or  Nandair,  nin'ddr',  a  town  of  India, 
Nizam's  dominions,  on  the  Godavery,  148  miles  N.N.AV.  of 
Hyderabad.  Lat.  19°  3'  N.;  Ion.  77°  38'  E,  It  has  a  Sikh 
college,  which,  in  1818,  was  inhabited  by  300  students.  It 
is  a  place  of  Silth  pilgrimage. 

Naudigarh,  nanM^-gar',  or  Nand'garh^  a  town  of 
India,  Belgaum  district.     Pop.  5748. 

Nanee,  ni'nee',  a  town  of  Afghanistan,  10  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Ghuznce,  on  the  route  to  Candahar.  Lat.  33°  25'  N. ; 
Ion.  68°  12'  E.     Elevation,  7502  feet. 

Nan>Gan,  nin^g&n',  a  city  of  China,  province  of 
Kiang-Sec,  on  the  Kiang,  ISO  miles  N.N.E.  of  Canton. 

Nangasaki,  a  city  of  Japan.    See  Nagasaki. 

Nangis,  n6x»'zhce',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-et- 
Itfarnc,  13  miles  \Y.  of  Provins.  Pop.  2400.  It  has  ex- 
tensive markets  for  tho  supply  of  Paris  with  provisions. 

Naning)  Malay  Peninsula.    See  Malacca. 

Nan'jemoy',  a  post-hamlet  of  Charles  co.,  Md.,  near 
the  Potomac  Kiver,  about  60  miles  S.W.  of  Annapolis. 

Nanjing6de,nin*jin-god',  a  village  of  India,  j)rovince 
and  16  miles  S.  of  Mysore,  on  tho  Kapini.  The  village 
contains  a  celebrated  temple  of  Seeva. 

Naiika  (nin'kJl)  Islands,  three  islands  in  tho  Malay 
Archipelago,  between  Billiton  and  Banca,  4  or  5  miles  from 
tho  Banca  sliore.  Great  Nanka,  the  largest,  about  li  miles 
in  extent,  is  in  lat.  2°  25'  S.,  Ion.  105°  48'  30"  E. 

Nankin,  nan-kin'  or  nan'kin,  a  post-hamlct  of  Wayne 
CO.,  Mich.,  in  Nankin  and  Livonia  townships,  3  miles  S.E. 
of  Plymouth,  and  about  20  miles  W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  large  vinegar-factory.  Nankin  township 
is  drained  by  the  Rouge  River,  and  is  intersected  by  tho 
Michigan  Central  Railroad  and  the  Flint  <t  Pere  Marquette 
Railroad.  It  contains  the  village  of  Wayne.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  3127. 

Nankin,  or  Or'ange,  a  post-village  in  Orange  town- 
ship, Ashland  co.,  0.,  4  miles  from  Ashland,  and  21  miles 
N.E.  of  Mansfield.  It  has  2  churches.  The  post-oflSce  is 
Nankin.  Pop.  about  200.  It  is  1  mile  from  Nankin  Sta- 
tion on  the  Atlantic  A  Great  Western  Railroad. 


Nanking,  nln'king',  or  Nankin,  n4n*kln'  or  ntr 
keen',  the  "  Southern  Capital"  (called  also  Kinng^Ninii 
as  distinguished  from  Peking,  tho  "  Northern  Caplul '' 
celebrated  city  of  China,  capital  of  the  province  of  Kin'n 
Soo,  and  anciently  of  Southern  China,  is  situated  nour  i 
right  bank  of  the  Yang-tse-Kiang,  about  90  miles  from 
mouth,  560  miloa  S.  by  E.  of  Peking.  Lat.  32°  2'  N. ;  lo 
118°  49'  E.  Its  ancient  walls  can  be  traced  over  hill  m 
dalo  for  35  miles,  but  Nanking  has  so  greatly  dcclin 
since  the  transference  of  the  scat  of  empire  to  Pokinjf 
tho  thirteenth  century,  that  the  modern  walls  arc  of  uiu 
less  extent.  The  river  opposite  Nanking  is  li  miles  bnm 
25  fathoms  deep.  The  principal  streets  of  the  city  nru 
moderate  breadth,  clean,  well  paved,  and  lined  with  bun 
some  shops  ;  but  the  houses  are,  in  general,  moan,  and  on 
one  story  high.  The  part  of  the  city  occupied  by  the  iMn 
choos  is  separated  by  a  cross-wall  from  the  Chinese  tow 
The  great  extent  of  the  wall  renders  the  defence  of  the  ci 
difficult;  besides  which  it  is  overlooked  from  the  hills 
the  E.  On  that  side  there  are  three  gates ;  the  land  I 
wards  tho  river  is  marshy,  and  tho  gates  are  approached 
stone  causeways,  A  deep  canal  or  ditch  runs  up  from  t 
river  directly  under  the  walls  on  tho  W.,  serving  to  strcngt 
on  tho  approaches  on  that  side.  The  most  romarkal 
structure  in  Nanking  was  the  Porcelain  tower,  callod, 
the  Chinese,  the  Recompensing  Favor  Monastery,  bu 
1411-32,  pre-eminent  above  all  other  similar  buildings 
China  for  its  completeness  and  elegance,  but  destroyed 
tho  Tao-Pings,  during  whose  occupation  (1853-64)  tho  ci 
BufTored  much.  Tho  tower  was  of  an  octagonal  form,  2 
foot  high.  In  the  interior  were  apartments  richly  gilt  a 
otherwise  elaborately  adorned.  The  material  was  a  ki 
of  white  brick,  made  of  fine  clay  ;  tho  entire  cost  of  t 
edifice  was  from  $35,000,000  to  $40,000,000.  Among  t 
other  objects  may  bo  mentioned  the  "tomb  of  the  king: 
sup))osed  to  bo  of  the  Ming  dynasty,  a.d.  1328  to  lli2 
leading  to  it  is  a  fine  paved  road  with  an  avenue  of  gigan 
armed  figures ;  the  government  ]ialacc  and  an  observatc 
are  also  worthy  of  note.  Nanking  has  important  man 
factures  of  crape,  satin  of  the  finest  quality,  jjuper,  artiflci 
flowers,  and  China  or  Indian  ink,  and  gives  its  name  to  t 
well-known  "Nankeen"  cotton  cloth,  which  is  also  ms 
throughout  tho  whole  province.  It  is  the  centre  of  a  ve 
extensive  trade,  and  by  tho  Great  Canal,  which  crosses  t 
Yang-tse-Kiang  about  60  miles  eastward,  it  communicu 
directly  with  Peking.  It  is  also  the  rcsidcuce  of  a  gra 
viceroy,  with  authority  over  the  Kiang  provinces,  and  i 
great  military  depot,  and  tho  chief  seat  of  literature  in  1 
empire.  The  British  forces  remained  before  it  from  t 
10th  to  tho  29th  of  August,  1842,  on  which  last  day  t 
final  treaty  between  China  and  England  was  signed  a 
ratified.  In  1853  tho  Tae-Pings  assaulted  Nanking,  took 
and  made  it  their  capital.  It  was  bombarded  by  the  lirit' 
and  stormed  and  captured  by  the  Imperialists  in  1864. 
treaty  it  is  an  open  port;  but  it  has  little  commerce. 

Nan>Ling,  ninMing',  a  mountain-chain  in  China,  1 
26°  N.  and  between  Ion.  104°  and  118°  E.,  separates  I 
basins  of  tho  Y'ang-tse-Kiang  and  Kan-Kiang  Kiv 
northward  from  that  of  tho  llong-Kiang  and  its  afUuei 
southward,  and  tho  Quang  provinces  from  those  of  Ko 
Choo  and  Iloo-Nan. 

Nan'na  Ilub'ba,  a  post-office  of  Mobile  co.,  Ala. 

Nan-Ngang,  nin'nging',  a  city  of  China,  in  Kiai 
See,  on  Lake  Po-Yang,  230  miles  S.S.W.  of  Nan-Chang. 

Nan'nic,  a  post-office  of  Floyd  co.,  Ga. 

Nan-Ning,  nin'ning',  a  city  of  China,  province 
Quang-Seo,  70  miles  N.  of  tho  Gulf  of  Tonquin. 

Nauooki,  or  Nanouki,  ni-noo'kee,  an  island  in  t 
Pacific  Ocean,  lat.  0°  11'  N.,  Ion.  173°  39'  20"  E.,  6i  mil 
long  and  from  2  to  5i  miles  wide. 

Nanooti,  or  Nanonti,  nA-noo'tcc,  or  Syd'enhn 
Island,  in  tho  South  Pacific,  one  of  the  group  of  Bisboi 
Islands.    Lat.  0°  45'  S. ;  Ion.  174°  31'  E.  Length,  19  mil 

Nanpa'ra,  a  town  of  India,  district  and  25  miles  N. 
Bharaich.     It  has  manufactures  of  fire-works.    Pop.  681 

Nanpbio,  an  island  of  the  JEgcan  Sea.    See  A.naphj 

Nau'semond,  a  southeastern  county  of  Virginia,  b  ■ 
ders  on  North  Carolina.  Area,  about  4110  square  miles, 
is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Hampton  Roads,  and  is  drai 
by  Nnnsemond  River.  It  comprises  a  part  of  the  l)isi 
Swamp.  The  surface  is  level,  and  extensively  covered  w 
forestsof  pine,  cypress,  <tc.  The  soil  is  sandy.  Indian  coi 
sweet  potatoes,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  TI 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Seaboard  &  Roanoke  Railror 
the  Norfolk  &  Western  Railroad,  the  Atlantic  A  Danvi 
Railroad,  and  other  lines.  Capital,  Suffolk.  Pop.  in  13 
11,576;  in  1880,  15,903;  in  1890,  19,692. 


NAX 


1931 


NAP 


IVansemond  River,  Virginia,  rises  in  Nanseinond  co., 
lis  northivard,  and  enters  Hampton  Roads.  Sloops  can 
cend  it  nearly  20  miles. 

Xant,  nfi.v,  a  town  of  France,  in  Aveyron,  11  miles 
S.K.  of  Millau.     Pop.  1265. 

Nantalia'la,  a  post-township  of  Swain  co.,  N.C.,  about 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Knoxville,  Tenn.,  is  drained  by  the  Nan- 
lialii  River.  Its  surface  is  mountainous.  Pop.  383. 
Nantas'ket,  a  post-ofRce  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass. 
Nantaskct  Beach,  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  is  a  narrow 
ninsula  which  extends  from  Cohasset  township  into  Mas- 
eliusetts  Bay,  and  is  about  5  miles  long.  On  it  is  tho 
ivn  of  Hull.  It  is  about  12  miles  by  water,  or  18  miles 
rail,  S.E.  cf  Boston,  is  a  good  bathing-place,  and  is  much 
MiiientoJ.  Here  are  several  hotels.  Nantasket  is  a  sta- 
m  on  tho  Old  Colony  Railroad. 

\antasket  Road,  Massachusetts,  one  of  the  main 
trances  to  Boston  harbor. 

Niin-Tchang,  a  town  of  China.  See  Nan-Chang. 
jNanterre,  nd.Vtaiu',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine,  7 
jlcs  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Paris.  It  has  manufactures  of 
le  and  chemical  products.  Pop.  3890. 
ipiaiites,  nants  (Fr.  pron.  n6.vt;  anc.  Condivin'cum, 
ferwards  Namne'tee),  a  populous  city  of  France,  capital 
i  tho  department  of  Loire-Inforieure,  on  the  river  Loire, 
J  the  confluence  of  the  Erdro  and  S6vre-Nantaise,  245 
lies  W.S.W.  of  Paris,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  rail- 
jy.  Lat.  47°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  1°  32'  \\.  The  city  is  built 
Irtly  on  several  islands  in  the  Loire,  with  which  it  com- 
iimicates  by  means  of  numerous  bridges.  The  banks  of 
\i  rivers  arc  lined  with  spacious  quays  for  an  extent  of 
wly  2  miles.  They  are  finely  planted,  and  adorned  with 
pgiint  mansions,  forming  a  splendid  promenade,  while  tho 
ijpping  which  crowds  tho  harbor  of  La  Fosse,  and  tho 
'jsela  on  the  Loire,  give  great  animation  to  the  scene, 
(intos  is  one  of  the  best-built  cities  in  France.  Tho  prin- 
lial  public  edifices  are  tho  cathedral,  with  a  richly  sculp- 
f-ed  portal,  the  castle  of  tho  ancient  dukes,  an  enormous 
!«8  of  irregular  buildings,  the  castle  of  Bouffay,  with  a 
i'y  polygonal  tower,  the  li6tel  do  la  Prefecture,  the  ex- 
|inge  with  a  peristyle  of  10  Ionic  pillars,  the  old  mint, 
It  occupied  by  the  courts  of  justice,  tho  town  hall,  and 
iitre.  Nantes  is  noted  for  its  public  squares  or  prom- 
des.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop,  and  possesses  a  court  of 
I  resort,  a  tribunal  of  commerce,  a  conaeil  de  prud'- 
.-tmei,  mint,  national  college,  diocesan  seminary  and  ecole- 
^iticiil  school,  school  of  medicine,  hydrographical  school, 
iticultural,  horticultural,  and  industrial  societies,  public 
liary  of  90,000  volumes,  observatory,  botanic  garden,  and 
ijiagazine  of  munitions  for  the  marine.  Merchant- vessels 
t  built  here,  besides  which  the  town  has  numerous  manu- 
t;orie3  of  cottons,  muslins,  woollens,  machinery,  soap, 
(fper-waros,  cordage,  and  preserved  food,  also  cannon- 
('adrios,  sugar-refinories,  potteries,  distilleries,  <fce.,  and  an 
^ansive  maritime  commerce.   The  trade  is  facilitated  both 

I  ho  Loire  and  by  a  canal  which  communicates  with  Brest, 
(  by  the  railways  which  meet  here.  Its  harbor  receives 
c  f  small  vessels;  large  vessels  unlade  at  Paimboeuf. 

ofure  tho  conquest  of  Gaul  by  tho  Romans,  Condivin- 
c  1  was  the  capital  of  the  Namnetes.  In  445  it  valiantly 
'  istood  a  siege  of  sixty  days  by  the  Huns.  During  tho 
i|;h  century  it  was  thrice  taken  by  tho  Normans,  and  al- 
i|t  entirely  ruined.  During  tho  English  wars  in  France 
mffcred  much,  repeatedly  falling  into  the  hands  of  oppo- 

II  parties.  In  1498,  Anne  of  Brittany  (Bretagne)  having 
Ifi  married  Louis  XII.,  it  passed,  with  the  rest  of  her 
p^essions,  to  tho  crown  of  France.  The  most  memorable 
«^it  since  connected  with  its  history  is  the  famous  edict 
ml  at  Nantes  by  Henry  IV.,  April  30,  1598,  securing  to 
IJ  Protestants  the  freo  exorcise  of  their  religion  and 
D;'ing  them  eligible  to  all  civil  and  military  employ- 
n;ts.  Its  revocation  by  Louis  XIV.  involved  the  king- 
ol  in  disasters  from  which  it  has  never  completely  recov- 

fj-   Pop.  in  1886,  127,482  ;  in  1891,  122,750. Adj.  and 

"lb.  Naktais,  nfisoHi';  feminine,  Na.ntaise,  n6N«'tiz'. 
janteuil,  n6N»Hul',  a  town  of  France,  in  Oise,  10  miles 
S'ofSenlis.     Pop.  1506. 

an'ticoke,  a  hundred  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.     Pop.  2076. 

iuiticoke,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wicomico  co.,  Md.,  about 
1  iilcs  W.S.W.  of  Salisbury. 

iinticoke,  a  township  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y.    P.  1055. 

iinticoke,  a  post-borough  in  Hanover  township,  Lu- 
'<  eco..  Pa.,  in  the  Wyoming  Valley,  on  the  North  Branch 
0'  0  bus^uehanna  River,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Wilkesbarre, 
°]  site  M  est  Nanticoke.  It  is  on  the  Nanticoko  Branch 
•\road,  and  has  7  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office, 
,~J"nM  of  anthracite  coal  which  produce  500,000  tons 


annually.     Pop.  about  4000.    Nanticoke  Station  on   the 
Lackawanna  &  Bloomsburg  Railroad  is  at  West  Nanticoke. 

Nan'ticoke,  a  post-village  in  Haldimand  co.,  Ontario, 
on  Nanticoke  Creek,  8  miles  from  Port  Dover.     Pop.  200. 

Nanticoke  Mountain,  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  a  long  ridge 
which  forms  the  N.W.  boundary  of  the  valley  of  Wyoming. 

Nanticoke  River  rises  in  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  and  runs 
south  westward  into  Maryland,  in  which  it  forms  the  bound- 
ary between  the  cos.  of  Dorchester  and  Wicomico,  and 
enters  Chesapeake  Bay  at  the  W.  extremity  of  the  latter 
county.     It  is  about  75  miles  long. 

Nant'meal  Village,  a  post-office  of  Chester  co.,  Pa. 

Nantua,  n6N»Hw4',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ain,  24  miles 
E.  of  Bourg,  at  the  S.  side  of  the  Lake  of  Nantua.  Chief 
industry,  cotton-  and  woollen-  spinning,  tanning,  and  paper- 
making.     It  has  a  trade  with  Switzerland.     Pop.  2940. 

Nautuck'et,  a  county  of  Massachusetts,  consists  of 
several  islands  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  about  20  miles  S.E. 
from  the  mainland.  Area,  65  square  miles.  Nantucket 
Island,  the  largest  of  them,  is  nearly  15  miles  long.  The 
soil  is  sandy.  Indian  corn,  potatoes,  hay,  and  butter  are 
the  staple  products.  The  main  island  is  traversed  by  the 
Nantucket  Railroad.  Capital,  Nantucket.  Pop.  in  1860, 
6094:  in  1870.  4123;  in  1880,  3727;  in  1890,  3268. 

Nantucket,  a  post-town,  port  of  entry,  and  the  capital 
of  Nantucket  co.,  Mass.,  is  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  island  of 
the  same  name,  about  66  miles  E.S.E.  of  New  Bedford.  It 
has  a  good,  deep  harbor,  which  is  nearly  landlocked.  It 
contains  6  or  7  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank, 
and  an  athenaeum,  in  which  are  a  museum  of  marine  curi- 
osities and  a  library  of  5000  volumes.  One  weekly  news- 
paper is  published  here.  A  steamboat  plies  daily  between 
this  port  and  Martha's  Vineyard  and  Wood's  Holl.  Pop. 
of  the  island  in  1850,  8452;  in  1875,  3201.  Nantucket  was 
formerly  celebrated  for  its  extensive  whale-fisheries.  .  It  is 
now  principally  noted  as  a  summer  resort  for  invalids  and 
pleasure-seekers.     Pop.  of  post-town  in  1890,  3268. 

Nantucket  Shoals,  situated  S.E.  of  Nantucket  Island, 
cover  an  area  of  about  45  by  50  miles.  Hero  many  vessels 
have  been  wrecked  jind  lives  lost. 

Nantwich,  nant'ich,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  ISi 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Chester,  on  the  Birmingham  &  Liverpool 
Canal,  and  on  2  railways,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Crowe.  It  has  a 
handsome  bridge  across  the  river  Weaver,  and  manufac- 
tures of  shoes,  silk,  cottons,  and  salt.     Pop.  6673. 

Nan'uet,  a  post-village  of  Rockland  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Clarkstown  township,  on  the  Piermont  Branch  of  the  Etia 
Railroad,  and  on  the  New  Jersey  &  New  York  Railroad,  at 
the  junction  of  the  Nanuet  &  New  City  Railroad,  28  miles 
N.  of  Jersey  City.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  carriage-factory. 

Nan-Yang,  nin^-ying',  a  city  of  China,  province  and 
150  miles  N.E.  of  Canton,  with  battlemented  walls. 

Naogaon,  a  town  of  Assam.    See  Nowgong. 

Nao'mi,  a  post-office  of  Walker  co.,  Ga. 

Naomi,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.,  Kansas. 

Naomi,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Mo.,  about  24  miles 
N.W.  of  Hannibal. 

Naos,  ni'oco,  a  port  of  the  Canary  Islands,  on  tho  S.E. 
coast  of  Lanzarote,  and  a  cape  on  the  S.  side  of  tho  island 
of  Ferro. 

Naours,  nl'oon',  a  town  of  France,  in  Somme,  10  miles 
N.  of  Amiens.     Pop.  1724. 

Napa,  nd'pd,  Napha,  nd'fi,  also  called  Napa-Kian  g, 
ni'pi-ke-4ng',  a  town  of  the  Loo-Choo  Islands,  on  the  W. 
coast  of  Great  Loo-Choo,  3  miles  W.  of  Shooree.  It  is  pop- 
ulous and  well  built,  and  has  a  commodious  roadstead,  with 
a  small  but  safe  inner  port,  suitable  for  junks  and  boats 
Lat.  20°  12'  20"  N. ;  Ion.  127°  35'  67"  E. 

Napa,  nah'pa,  a  river  of  Napa  co.,  California,  rises  in 
the  N.  part  of  Napa  Valley,  and,  running  in  a  general 
southerly  course,  falls  into  San  Pablo  Bay.  It  is  navigable 
for  vessels  of  6  feet  draft  12  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Napa,  a  county  of  California,  is  adjacent  to  San  Pablo 
Bay.  It  is  drained  by  tho  Napa  River  and  Putah  Creek. 
The  surface  is  partly  mountainous,  and  presents  beautiful 
scenery.  On  the  N.W.  border.  Mount  St.  Helena  rises 
4343  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  The  soil  is  mostly 
fertile.  Wheat,  barlfey,  and  wine  are  tho  staple  products. 
This  county  has  a  rich  mine  of  cinnabar,  or  quicksilver, 
and  sulphur  springs  which  are  reputed  to  have  medicinal 
virtue.  Among  tho  remarkable  objects  is  a  forest  of  petri- 
fied or  silicified  trees  of  great  size,  about  5  miles  from  Calis- 
toga  Hot  Springs,  which  is  a  favorite  place  of  resort  (see 
Calistoga).  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Southern 
Pacific  Railroad,  which  connects  with  Napa,  the  capital. 
Area,  850  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1870,  7163j  in  1880, 
13,236;  in  1890,  16,411. 


NAP 


1932 


NAP 


Napa*  or  Napa  City«  a  post-villago,  oapitnl  of  Napa 
90.,  CaU,  in  a  township  of  tho  suiue  name,  on  Napa  River, 
■bout  11  miles  N.  of  the  Day  of  San  Pablo.  It  in  39  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  San  Francisco,  with  which  it  is  connected  by 
the  California  Pacillc  Itailrond.  It  contain!  a  court-houve, 
a  collegiate  institute,  a  seminary  for  girls,  2  banliing- 
houscs,  8  churches,  manufactures  of  mivohinery,  ploughs, 
fnrming-utonsila,  and  boots  and  shoes,  and  printing-offices 
which  issue  1  daily  and  4  weekly  newspapers.  Pop.  in 
ISVI),  430o;  of  tho  township,  $788. 

Napagedl,  n&'p&-ghddT,  a  to^ra  of  Moravia,  8  miles 
N.N.E.  of  llradisch,  on  tho  March.     Pop.  2510. 

Nnpa  Junction,  a  post-office  of  Napa  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
California  Pacific  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  main 
line  and  Napa  Branch,  33  miles  N.N.E.  of  San  Francisco, 
and  8  miles  S.  of  Napa. 

Napa-Kiang,  Loo-Choo  Islands.    See  Napa. 

Nap'anee,  a  town  of  Ontario,  capital  of  tho  co.  of 
Lennox,  situated  on  the  Napance  River,  and  on  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railway,  28  miles  W.  of  Kingston.  It  contains 
churches  of  5  denominations,  2  branch  banks,  2  newspaper 
oQices,  a  paper-mill,  hotels,  mills,  and  factories,  and  a  num- 
ber of  stores.     Napanee  is  a  port  of  entry.     Pop.  2967. 

Nupunee  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Addington  co.,  On- 
tario, 5  miles  N.E.  of  Napaneo.     Pop.  100. 

Nap'anock,  or  Nap'onock,  a  post-village  in  Wawar- 
sing  township,  Ulster  00.,  N.Y.,  on  Rondout  Creek,  and  on 
the  Delaware  <t  Hudson  Canal,  H  miles  from  Ellenville, 
and  about  26  miles  N.W.  of  Newburg.  It  contains  2 
churches,  a  paper-mill,  an  axo-factory,  an  iron-furnace,  and 
a  rolling-mill.     Pop.  about  COO. 

Nap'nvine,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Lewis  co., 
AVashington,  on  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  43  miles  N. 
of  Kalama. 

Napeh  Mew,  ni'p^h  mQ,  a  town  of  Burmah,  on  the 
toad  l"rom  Ava  into  Aracan,  32  miles  S.S.W.  of  Salcn. 

Na'perville,  a  post-village  of  Du  Pago  00.,  111.,  in 
Naperville  and  Lisle  townships,  on  the  West  Branch  of  tho 
Du  Page  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy 
Railroad,  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chicago,  and  9  miles  E.  of 
Aurora.  Here  is  tho  Northwestern  College,  which  was 
founded  in  1861  by  the  Evangelical  Association.  Naper- 
ville  contains  also  a  normal  school,  which  is  a  department 
of  that  college,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  7  churches. 
Pop.  in  1890,  2216. 

Piapha,  Loo-Choo  Islands.     See  Napa. 

Napier,  na'pi-^r,  a  post-township  of  Bedford  co.,  Pa. 
Pop.  1825.  It  contains  New  Paris.  Napier  Station  is  on 
the  Bedford  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  5  miles 
W.  of  Bedford. 

.  Napier,  a  town  of  the  N.  island  of  New  Zealand,  on  a 
peninsula  of  the  S.  side  of  Ilawke  Bay.  It  has  a  good 
roadstead,  but  its  inner  harbor  is  shoal,  and  large  vessels 
discharge  by  lighters.  It  is  well  built,  is  the  terminus  of  a 
railway  into  the  interior,  and  has  good  public  buildings, 
a  grammar-school,  hospital,  and  lunatic  asylum,  and  manu- 
factures of  soap,  castings,  leather,  &c.     Pop.  5000. 

Napier,  na'pl-?r,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  On- 
tario, on  the  river  Sydenham,  6  miles  S.  of  Kerrwood.  It 
has  2  saw-mills,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  wooUcn-mill.    Pop.  250. 

Napier  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  Co.,  W.  Va. 

NapierviUe,  na'pi-?r-vil,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of 
Quebec,  intersected  by  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway.  Area, 
152  square  miles.     Capital,  NapierviUe.     Pop.  11,688. 

NapierviUe,  or  Saint  Cyprien,  si>'"  8ce'pree'6!i»', 
a  post-village  of  Quebec,  capital  of  tho  co.  of  NapierviUe, 
situated  on  Montreal  River,  27  miles  S.E.  of  Montreal.  It 
contains  a  church,  several  stores  and  hotels,  a  tannery,  and 
saw-,  grist-,  and  carding-mills.     Pop.  1000. 

Naples,  nd'p^lz  (Fr.  pron.  nip'l ;  It.  Napoli,  nil'po-le; 
Sp.  and  Port.  Ndpolea,  ni'po-lis;  Ger.  Neapel,  ni-i'p^l ; 
nnc.  Parthen'ope  and  Neap'olia),  the  most  populous  city  of 
Italy,  capital  of  the  province  of  Naples,  and  the  former 
capital  of  the  kingdom  of  Naples,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  Bay 
of  Naples,  at  tho  foot  of  Vesuvius,  US  miles  S.E.  of  Rome, 
Lat.  of  observatory,  40°  51'  8"  N. ;  Ion.  14°  15'  5"  E.  It 
is  celebrated  for  its  excellent  climate ;  mean  temperature 
of  year,  59°.6 ;  winter,  47°.6 ;  summer,  73°.l  Fahr.  The 
city  is  beautifully  situated  at  the  bottom  of  the  vast  and 
picturesque  bay  to  which  it  gives  its  name.  It  extends 
partly  along  the  shore  and  partly  up  the  acclivity  of  the 
adjacent  mountains,  being  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  pic- 
turesque height  of  Posilippo,  and  on  the  E.  by  the  lofty 
tops  of  Vesuvius,  while  tlie  surrounding  country,  rich  in 
natural  beauty,  derives  additional  attractions  from  the  nu- 
merous villas  and  other  objects  with  which  art  has  embel* 
lished  it.    Naples  is  surrounded  with  walls,  and  dominated 


by  three  forts  or  castles,  St.  Elmo,  occupying  a  hill  on  0 
N.W.,  Castcllo  Nuovo,  between  tho  royal  palace  and  t 
sea,  and  Castello  del  Ovo,  on  a  rooky  islet  connected  by 
jetty  with  the  land.     Immediately  adjoining  is  a  ltr 
arsenal  and  cannon-foundry,  which  has  tho  appearance  i 
a  fortification,  being   flanked   with   bastions.    Th«  gre 
mass  of  the  buildings  of  which  tho  city  consists  fornii  1 
irregular  oblong,  about  3  miles  in  length  by  1}  miles 
breadth,  but  by  including  tho  suburbs,  which  encroach 
closely  upon  tho  town  as  hardly  to  be  distinguished  from 
the  area  will  be  nearly  doubled.    Some  of  tho  gates  ore  d( 
near  tho  centre  of  tho  city. 

The  modern  streets  of  Naples  are  regular,  clean,  and  t 
mirably  paved  with  square  blocks  of  lava,  but  the  old 
ones  are  for  the  most  part  inconveniently  narrow.  T 
houses  are  large,  substantial,  and  lofty,  averaging  not  l< 
than  five  or  six  stories,  with  flat  roofs,  to  which  the  inmul 
often  resort.  They  are  generally  provided  with  balconl 
and  other  projections,  which,  like  the  roofs,  are  crowd 
with  plants  and  shrubs.  The  street  which  forms  the  pri 
eipal  thoroughfare  is  called  Toledo,  or  Roma.  Commencii 
at  the  extreme  N.,  it  traverses  the  middle  of  the  ci 
throughout  its  whole  length.  There  are  numerous  squan 
which  are,  however,  generally  small  and  irregular.  T 
principal  are  the  Largo  de  Palazzo,  chiefly  occupied  by  t 
palace,  which  gives  it  its  name,  and  a  large  modem  chure 
the  Largo  de  Castello,  and  the  Piazza  di  Mcrcato,  or  mg 
ket-place.  Many  fountains  of  excellent  water  are  scatter 
over  the  different  quarters  of  the  city,  and  fine  promenod 
are  furnished  by  several  of  the  quays  along  the  shoi 
The  Spiaggia  (spe-4d'ji,  i.e.,  "strand")  is  of  greot  lengt 
extending  from  tho  Castello  del  Ovo  to  the  Tomb  of  Vir| 
and  the  Mole.    It  is  adorned  with  numerous  marble  statU' 

The  public  edifices  most  deserving  of  notice  are  the  call 
dral,  a  large  Gothic  building,  held  in  high  veneration 
consequence  of  possessing  the  relics  of  St.  Januariua 
Gennaro;  tho  church  Dei  Santi  Apostoli,  said  to  have  be 
originally  founded  by  Constantino  the  Great,  on  tho  site 
a  temple  of  Mercury;  the  church  of  St.  Paul,  internal 
faced  with  marble ;  the  churches  of  Santa  Maria  del  Par 
San  Severe,  St.  Philip  de  Neri,  and  other  churches,  to  t 
number  of  more  than  300,  several  of  them  of  architectui 
merit,  and  almost  all  of  them  richly  decorated.  Among  t 
edifices  devoted  to  secular  purposes  are  the  Palazzo  Rea 
an  immense  building  of  three  stories,  each  of  a  different  ord 
of  architecture,  richly  fitted  up,  and  adorned  A-ith  painting 
the  Palace  of  Capo  di  Jlonto,  on  an  eminence,  comman 
ing  magnificent  views,  and  adorned  with  fine  sculptun 
paintings,  and  articles  of  virtti,  belonging  to  the  celebrat 
Farnese  gallery;  the  old  palace,  where  the  courts  of  juiti 
now  hold  their  sittings;  the  Palazzo  degli  Studij  Publ 
(pi-14t'so  dfil'yee  stoo'de-e  poob'le-che),  erected  in  t 
early  part  of  the  seventeenth  century  for  a  university,  b 
afterwards  converted  into  a  great  national  museum,  niu 
vailed  in  its  collection  of  various  antiquities,  consisting 
gems,  bronzes,  vases,  &c.,  chiefly  obtained  from  tho  exe 
vations  of  Pompeii  and  llcrculaneum.  It  contains  also  t 
royal  library,  open  to  the  public,  having  165,000  volnm 
and  many  rare  manuscripts.  There  are  7  theatres,  of  whl 
that  of  San  Carlo  is  remarkable  for  its  magnificence,  and 
said  to  be  tho  largest  in  existence,  though  its  claims  a 
disputed  by  that  of  Milan.  Na])les  is  tho  scat  of  an  arc 
bishop,  and  has  a  commercial  tribunal,  ship-building yart 
and  a  royal  marine  hospital.  Tho  city  possesses  a  gre 
number  of  institutions  for  education,  among  which  are  t 
university,  founded  in  1224  (the  best-attended  school 
Italy) ;  the  Lyceum  del  Salvatore,  an  establishment  for  n 
rolling  and  deciphering  the  manuscripts  found  at  Hercul 
neum  and  other  ancient  towns,  a  medico-chirurgical  schoi 
a  veterinary  school,  deaf-and-dumb  institution,  inilita 
school,  schools  of  design  and  music,  and  a  "  house  for  t 
poor,"  where  children  are  taught  the  different  arts  ai 
trades  at  the  expense  of  the  government.  There  are  a) 
many  public  schools,  but  education  is  not  generally  diffuse 
Among  the  literary  and  scientific  institutions  are  a  socie 
of  arts,  sciences,  and  antiquities,  an  observatory,  n  botat 
cal  garden,  one  of  the  richest  in  Italy,  a  zoological  statii 
with  a  great  aquarium,  an  agricultural  society,  physia 
chemical,  and  mineralogical  cabinets,  and  5  jiublic  librant 
The  benevolent  endowments  include  several  large  hoi-pita 
among  which  may  be  named  the  Do'  Incunibili  and  Dell 
Annunziata,  the  latter  partly  for  foundlings ;  the  Rcclusorj 
or  Albergo  dei  Poveri,  an  orphan  asylum,  or  house  j 
refuge,  on  a  very  extensive  scale;  and  a  Monte  di  Field. 

The  manufactures  of  Naples  include  a  great  variety 
articles.  The  first  in  importance  are  macaroni  and  vern 
celli,  constituting  the  principal  food  of  the  great  body 


NAP 


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ie  people.  Next  to  it  are  silk  stuffs.  The  other  leading 
iticlos  are  iirc-arms,  porcelain,  tobacco,  chemical  products, 
'je,  gloves,  soap,  carriages,  violins  and  other  musical  in- 
'uinoiits,  hats,  and  woollen,  linen,  and  cotton  stuffs.   There 

0  also  type-foundries,  iron-  and  glass-works,  and  a  mint. 
Notwithstanding  the  extent  of  the  Bay  of  Naples,  the 
tual  harbor  is  of  small  dimensions,  being  formed  by  a 
)lc  which  projects  nearly  from  the  centre  of  the  city. 
le  water,  though  deep  at  its  outer  extremity,  becomes  so 
allow  near  the  town  as  to  float  only  small  vessels.  Naples 
an  important  railway  centre,  and  is  visited  regularly  by 
■iimers  from  the  principal  Mediterranean  ports. 

The  city  was  founded  by  the  Greeks,  who  called  it  Par- 
:iiope,  from  a  siren  of  that  name  who  was  fabled  to  have 
en  cast  upon  the  coast  near  this  place.  It  afterwards 
)k  the  name  of  Neapolis.  It  was  indebted  to  the  empe- 
■s  Adrian  and  Constantino  the  Great  for  numerous  embel- 
hnicnts,  and  became  a  luxurious  retreat,  to  which  many 
the  wealthier  Romans  were  accustomed  to  resort.  It 
3  hero  that  Virgil  studied.  In  536  it  was  pillaged  by 
lisarius,  and  a  few  years  after,  when  it  had  been  rebuilt, 
;  same  disaster  again  befell  it  at  the  hands  of  Totila.  It 
s  afterwards  successively  under  the  sway  of  the  Nor- 
ns,  the  cuiperors  of  Germany,  and  the  kings  of  Franco 

i-d  Spain.  Under  the  latter  it  became  the  capital  of  an 
lependcnt  kingdom.  It  has  often  suffered  from  earth- 
akes  and  from  eruptions  of  Vesuvius.  The  French  took 
in  1799,  and  again  in  1805.  Joseph  Bonaparte  was 
Ae  King  of  Naples,  but  was  replaced  by  Murat  in  1808, 

1  the  latter  was  driven  from  it  by  the  Austrians  in  1814. 
long  the  numerous  objects  of  interest  in  the  vicinity  are 
suvius,  Pompeii,  and  llerculiineum,  and  the  Isle  of  Capri, 

its  bay.    I'op.  463,172. Adj.  acdinhab.  Neapolitax, 

3'%-pol'e-tan ;  It.  and  Sp.  Napohtano,  nl-po-le-ti'no; 
I.Napolitain,  ni^poMceUaNo'.  The  Pkovince  of  Naples 
(braces  an  area  of  429  square  miles,  with  a  population  in 
jJlof  1,021,858. 

Vapies,  or  The  Two  Sicilies,  a  former  kingdom, 

uprising  all  continental  Italy  S.  of  the  Papal  territories 

rmerly  called  "Sicilia  di  qua  del  Faro"),  and  the  island 

Sicily  ("Siculia  di  lil  del  Faro").     In  1734  this  region 

sed  from  the  direct  sway  of  Spain  to  that  of  a  line  of 

gs  of  the  Spanish  Bourbon  family.    In  1861  the  last  king 

Naples  was  expelled  by  Garibaldi,  and  the  Two  Sicilies 

•0  merged  in  the  kingdom  of  Italy. 

iaples,  Bay  op  (anc.  Si'nus  Puteola'nus,  called  also 

t'ler  Si'nns  by  some  authorities),  a  celebrated  semicircu- 

P  inlet  of  the  Mediterranean,  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Italy, 

went  to  the  city  of  its  own  name.     It  is  about  22  miles 

ength,  from  Cape  Miseno  on  the  N.W.  to  Capo  Campa- 

a  on  the  S.E.,  and  about  10  miles  in  breadth,  having  on 

i  shores,  besides  the  capital  city,  Pozzuolo,  Portici,  Castel- 

( [are,  Vico,  Sorrento,  and  Massa ;   eastward,  Vesuvius 

(nds  the  prospect,  and  westward  is  Montenuovo;  while 

ts  surface  are  the  isles  Ischia  and  Procida  at  its  N.  and 

ri  at  its  S.  side. 

faplcs,  ni'p^lz,  a  post-village   in   Naples   township, 

tt  CO.,  111.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Illinois  River,  and  on 

t  Hannibal  &  Naples  Branch  of  the  Wabash  Railroad,  22 

1 3S  W.  of  Jacksonville.     It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and 

i  arehouses  for  grain.     Pop.  in  1890,  452. 

apies,  a  post- village  in  Naples  township,  Cumberland 

^  Me.,  on  Long  Lake,  about  32  miles  N.W.  of  Portland. 

imboats  ply  between  this  place  and  several  points  on 

g  and  Sebagp  Lakes.     Sebago  Lake  touches  the  S.  part 

he  township.   Naples  has  4  churches,  and  is  surrounded 

I  )icturesque  scenery.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1058. 

aples,  a  post-village  in  Naples  township,  Ontario  co., 

.,  about  42  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Rochester,  and  30  miles 

.  of  Geneva.     It  contains  4  churches,  an  academy,  a 

1  spaper  office,  a  manufactory  of  grape-boxes,  and  sev- 

-  flouring-mills.     Pop.  in  1890  1266;  of  township,  2455. 

aples,  a  township  of  Buffalo  co.,  Wis.    Pop.  1388. 

ontains  Mondovi. 

aplouse,  a  town  of  Palestine.  See  Nabloos. 
apo,  ni'po,  a  river  of  South  America,  Ecuador,  rises 
Mhe  N.  side  of  Cotopaxi,  flows  E.S.E.,  and  joins  the 
«izon,  lat.  3°  40'  S.,  Ion.  73°  20'  W.,  after  a  course  esti- 
ijssd  at  800  miles.  Afiluents,the  Coca,  Aguarico,  and  Cu- 
f]  y.  On  it,  near  its  source,  is  the  village  of  Napo,  140 
";  9  S.E.  of  Quito.  It  is  navigable  500  miles  for  steamers. 
|*PO'leon,  a  decayed  village  of  Desha  co.,  Ark.,  on 
tf  Mississippi  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Arkansas,  about 
"iiiles  in  a  direct  line  S.E.  of  Little  Rock. 

apoleon,  a  post-village  in  Jackson  township,  Ripley 
«',lnd.,  about  34  miles  N.  of  Madison.  It  has  4  churches, 
*  !am  flour-mills,  a  brewery,  a  tannery,  &c. 


Napoleon,  a  post- village  of  Gallatin  co.,  Ky.,  about  33 
miles  S.W.  of  Covington,  and  2  miles  E.  of  the  Ohio  River. 
It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Napoleon,  a  post-village  in  Napoleon  township,  Jack- 
son CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Jackson  Branch  of  the  Lake  Shore 
&  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  and  on  a  branch  of  Raisin 
River,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Jackson.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
graded  school,  a  flou»-miIl,  a  planing-mill,  &(s.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1120. 

Napoleon,  a  post-village  of  Lafayette  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  and  on  the  railroad  between  Lexington  and 
Kansas  City,  about  30  miles  by  land  E.  of  Kansas  City.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  2  wagon-shops,  &c. 

Napoleon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Henry  co.,  0.,  in 
Napoleon  township,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Maumee  River, 
and  on  the  Wabash  &  Erie  Canal,  35  miles  W.S.W.  of  To- 
ledo, and  15  miles  N.E.  of  Defiance.  It  is  connected  with 
these  places  by  the  Wabash  Railroad.     It  has  6  churches, 

2  newspaper  ofiices,  a  national  bank,  and  1  other  bank. 
Pop.  in  1890,  2764;  of  the  township,  4199. 

Napoleon,  a  village  of  Holmes  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cleve- 
land, Mount  Vernon  &  Columbus  Railroad,  at  Black  Creek 
Station,  12  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Millersburg.  It  has  4  churches 
a  wagon-shop,  a  saw-mill,  &c. 

Napoleon- Vendue.    See  La  RocHE-sun-Yoy. 

Napol6onville,  a  town  of  France.    See  Pontivy. 

Napo'leonville,  or  Assump'tion,  a  village,  capital 
of  Assumption  parish,  La.,  16  miles  S.  of  Donaldsonville. 
It  has  4  churches  (2  white,  2  colored)  and  a  newspaper 
oflSce.     Pop.  in  1890,  723.    Here  Is  Assumption  Post-Office 

Napoleonville,  New  Caledonia.    See  Canala. 

Naijoles,  or  Napoli,  Italy.    See  Naples. 

Napo'li,  a  post-village  in  Napoli  township,  Cattaran 
gus  CO.,  N.Y.,  about  50  miles  S.  of  Buffalo.     It  has  1  bank, 

3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  manufactory  of  butter 
and  cheese.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1095. 

Napoli  di  Malvasia,  Greece.    See  Monemvasia. 

Napoli  di  Romania,  Greece.    See  Nauplia. 

Napolose,  a  city  of  Palestine.    See  Nabloos. 

Na'ponee,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
Republican  River,  7  miles  W.  of  Bloomington.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  stores. 

Naponock,  New  York.    See  Napanock. 

Nappa  City,  California.     See  Napa. 

Nap'panee,  a  post-village  of  Elkhart  co.,  Ind.,  lu 
Locke  and  Union  townships,  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Baltimore 
Railroad,  97  miles  from  Chicago,  and  about  13  miles  S.W.  of 
Goshen.  It  has  a  church  and  a  planing-mill.  P.  (1890)  1493. 

Nar,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Nera. 

Nar,  or  Naro,  Herzegovina.    See  Narenta. 

Nara,  n&'ri,  a  town  of  Japan,  island  of  Hondo,  25  milei 
N.E.  of  Kioto.    Pop.  in  1884,  24,900. 

Naraingunge,Narraingunge,orNaraingangef 
naVan-giinj',  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  Dacca,  on  the  Lukhmia, 
a  navigable  river,  in  lat.  23°  37'  N.,  Ion.  90°  32'  E.  It  is 
a  mart  for  grain  and  oil-seeds.     Pop.  10,911. 

Narajol',  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  Midnapoor,  lat.  22°  34' 
N.,  Ion.  87°  39'  E.   It  has  manufactures  of  cottons  and  mats. 

Naral,  n3,-r&l',  a  town  of  Bengal,  district  and  22  miles 
E.  of  Jessore,  on  a  deep,  navigable  river.  It  has  a  great 
trade  in  rice  and  indigo. 

Naranjo,  Puerto,  Cuba.    See  Puerto  Naranjo. 

Naranjos,  ni-rlng'noce,  a  group  of  islands  in  the  Bay 
of  Panama,  South  America. 

Naranjos,  a  river  of  Ecuador,  falls  into  the  Gulf  of 
Guayaquil  in  lat.  2°  28'  S.,  Ion.  79°  45'  W. 

Naranjos,  ni-ring'Hoce,  a  cluster  of  small  islands  in 
the  Philippines,  near  the  S.  extremity  of  Luzon.  Lat.  12' 
29' N.;  Ion.  123°  54'  E. 

Narasipur,  a  town  of  India.    See  Narsipoor. 

Na^rasipu'ra,  a  town  of  India,  province  of  Mysore. 
Pop.  5253. 

Naraul,  ni-rawl',  a  town  of  India,  Dude,  6  miles  S.W. 
of  Rajapoor. 

Nar'bah,  or  Nabha,  nS.'b&,  a  native  state  of  India, 
in  the  Sirhind  plain,  about  lat.  30°  17'-30°  41'  N.,  Ion.  75° 
51'-76°  21'  E.  Area,  804  square  miles.  Pop.  226,155.  lU 
capital,  Narbah,  is  in  lat.  30°  23'  N.,  Ion.  76°  15'  E. 

Nar'berth,  a  borough  of  Wales,  eo.  and  11^  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Pembroke.     Pop.  1266. 

Narbolia,  naR-bo-lee'd.,  or  Narapolia,  noo-rS,-po- 
lee'4.,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sardinia,  province  of 
Cagliari,  near  Oristano.    Pop.  1321. 

Narbonensis  Prima,  France.    See  Lanouedoc. 

Narbonne,  naR^bonn'  (anc.  Nar'ho  Mar'tius),  a  city 
of  France,  department  of  Aude,  35  miles  E.  of  Carcassonne, 
on  the  railway  from  Bordeaux  to  Cette.    It  has  a   ln« 


NAR 


1934 


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Qothio  ofttbodral  and  numerous  remains  of  antiquity.  Tho 
Canal  of  Narbonne  traverses  tlio  town,  and  ooiumunloutes 
with  the  Moditcrranoan  and  with  tho  Canal  du  Midi.  It 
bos  oommeroe  in  honoy,  for  which  it  is  celebrated,  and 
manufivctures  of  brandy,  leather,  pottery,  hats,  huHiory, 
•kc.  Narbonne  is  one  of  the  oldest  cities  of  Gaul;  it  ro- 
ooivod  a  Roman  colony  in  121  B.C.,  and  was  made  tlie  me- 
tropolis of  Southern  Gaul,  which  the  Komaus  called  Gallia 
2t'(irboHen$it.  At  that  time  it  had  a  port,  which  does  not 
now  exist.     Pop.  18,325. 

Narboroagh  Island.    See  Galapagos. 

Narborough's  (nar'bOr-raz)  Islands,  a  group  in 
tho  South  Pacific,  off  the  W.  entrance  of  the  Straits  of 
Magellan,  about  lat.  52°  S.  and  Ion.  75°  £.,  consisting  of 
S  or  10  principal  islands  and  many  smaller  ones. 

Narcissus,  nar-sis'sus,  Gierke  Island,  or  Tata> 
coto,  t&H&-ko'to,  South  Pivcific.  Lat.  17°  20'  S.;  Ion. 
loS°  23'  W.     It  is  about  4  miles  long. 

Narcondam,  nar-kon-d&iu',  a  small  but  conspicuous 
island  in  the  liay  of  Bengal,  70  miles  E.  of  the  N.  point  of 
North  Andaman  Island,  rising  conically  to  2500  feet  above 
the  sea.     Lat.  13°  26'  N. ;  Ion.  94°  18'  E. 

Narda,  a  town  of  Albania.     See  Arta. 

Nurdinpctt,  nar-din-])dtt',  a  town  of  India,  Nizam's 
dominions,  29  miles  S.E.  of  Hyderabad. 

Nardo,  nan'do,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Lecce,  8 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Qallipoli.  It  has  a  cathedral,  a  hospital, 
and  manufactures  of  cotton  goods  from  cotton  raised  in  the 
neighborhood.     Pop.  10,220. 

Nare,  n&'r4,  a  river  of  the  republic  of  Colombia,  after 
an  E.  course  joins  the  Magdalcna  at  Nare,  65  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Honda;  afiluents,  the  Samaud  and  Nus. 

Narenta,  n&-rdn't&  (anc.  Ifaro  or  Nar),  a  river  of  Her- 
zegovina, rises  in  the  Dinaric  Alps,  passes  Mostar,  traverses 
tho  S.  of  Dalmatia,  and  enters  the  Channel  of  Narenta, 
a  gulf  formc-1  by  the  Adriatic  between  the  coast  of  Dal- 
mntia  and  tho  peninsula  of  Sabioncello.  Length,  140  miles. 

Narenta  (the  Naro'na  of  the  llomans),  a  town  of  Bos- 
nia, 27  miles  W.  of  Bosna  Serai.  It  was  occupied  by  the 
Venetians  in  987,  and  tjvkcn  by  the  Turks  in  1479. 

Narcw,  ak'riv,  or  Na'rev,  a  river  of  llussia  and  Po- 
land, rises  in  the  government  of  Grodno,  traverses  tho  gov- 
ernment of  Lomza,  and  joins  tho  Bug  at  Sierock,  18  miles 
N.  of  Warsaw,  after  a  W.  and  S.W.  course  of  200  miles. 
Chief  affluent,  the  Bobr. 

Nargen,  nan'gh^n,  two  islands  of  Russia,  one  in  the 
Gulf  of  Finland,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Revel,  5  miles  in  length, 
wooded,  and  having  a  light-house  on  tho  N. 

Narghur,  nar'gilr',  a  town  of  India,  Malwah,  16  miles 
N.E.  of  Mundessor. 

Nari,  ni'ree,  a  river  of  Bcloochistan,  has  its  origin  in 
Sewistan,  about  lat.  30°  N.,  Ion.  68°  E.,  and,  flowing  S.  for 
about  50  miles,  is  joined  by  tho  Kauhee  or  Bolan  in  lat. 
2'J^  26'  N.,  Ion.  67°  58'  E.  The  united  stream  continues  to 
flow  S.,  and  is  finally  lost  in  the  plain  of  Cutch  Gundava. 

Nariad,  a  town  of  India.    See  Neriad. 

Narim-,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia.    See  Nautit. 

N£lrini,  a  parish  of  Norway.     See  N^.rim. 

Narisha,  na-ree'shi,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  Dacca.  Lat. 
:53°  37'  N. ;  Ion.  90°  9'  E.     Pop.  5045. 

Narkee'ta,  a  vill.agc  and  station  of  Kemper  co..  Miss., 
on  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the 
Qainosville  Branch,  28  miles  N.E.  of  Meridian. 

Narkher,  nar'k^r,  a  town  of  India,  Central  Provinces, 
division  of  Nagpore.     Pop.  7159. 

Narlah,  nar'li,  a  town  of  India,  37  miles  E.  of  Bustar. 

Narmada,  a  river  of  India.    See  Nerbudda. 

Narmatso,  or  Narmatzo,  naR-m3,t'8o,  a  village  of 
Russia,  government  and  38  miles  from  Kazan. 

Narni,  nan'neo  (anc.  Xar'nia,  or  Neqni'num),  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  of  Perugia,  on  a  height  above  the  Nera,  45 
miles  N.E.  of  Rome.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  cathe- 
dral and  5  convents.     Pop.  9900. 

Narnoul,  nar-nool',  a  town  of  India,  dominions  and  80 
miles  N.E.  of  Jeypoor. 

Naro,  an  ancient  name  of  the  Narenta. 

Naro,  nU'ro,  a  town  of  Sicily,  on  the  Naro,  12  miles 
S.E.  of  Oirgenti.  It  bos  a  college,  an  asylum,  and  trade 
tn  oil,  wine,  and  sulphur.  Here  have  been  found  many 
med.als,  tombs,  and  other  antiquities.     Pop.  10,366. 

Naro  (anc.  Hyp' to),  a  river  of  Sicily,  rises  16  miles  S.W. 
of  Caitanisett.a,  and,  after  a  S.W.  course  of  23  miles,  enters 
the  Mctliterranoan  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Girgenti. 

Naroomak,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Narriman. 

Narov,  or  Narow,  nl-rov',  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment of  Minsk,  on  the  Pripets,  21  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mozyr. 

Narova,  or  Narowa,  ni'ro-vi^  or  ni-ro'vi,  a  river 


of  Russia,  rises  in  Lake  Peipus,  flows  between  the  govcn 
mcnts  of  St.  Petersburg  and  Esthonia,  and  enters  tho  Ou 
of  Finland  at  the  village  of  Narovskaia.    Length,  40  miU 

Naruvchat,  Narovtchat,  Narowtschat,  ni-roii 
chit',  or  Noruvtchnt,  no-rov-chit',  a  town  of  Uutiii 
government  and  78  miles  N.W.  of  Penza.     P<ip.  22(1.1 

Nar'ra,  two  branches  of  tho  Indus  llivcr,  above  its  dcit 
The  East  Narra  leaves  the  main  stream  nt  Rorec,  flot, 
very  tortuously  southeastward  past  Ainerkoto.  and,  nfi< 
crossing  tho  Runn  of  Cutch  and  the  Ullah-bund.  enters  th 
sea  by  tho  Korce  Mouth.  Tho  West  Narra  is  identic) 
with  the  Arrul. 

NarVagan'sctt,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co 
R.I.,  on  Narragansett  Bay,  6J  miles  W.  of  Newport. 

Narragansctt  Bay,  Rhode  Island,  is  nn  inlet  of  tb 
soiv,  from  which  it  extends  northward  nearly  to  Proviilcnc 
It  forms  the  E.  boundary  of  tho  cos.  of  Kent  and  Was! 
ington,  and  encloses  a  number  of  beautiful  islands,  th 
largest  of  which  are  Hhodo  Island  and  Canonicut.  It 
about  28  miles  long,  including  tho  N.  part,  called  Prov 
donee  Bay.  The  width  is  about  12  miles,  e.\cei)t  the  J 
part,  which  is  nearly  2  miles  wide.  Tho  city  of  Newpoi 
IS  on  the  shore  of  this  bay,  near  its  entrance  or  S.  em 
Large  vessels  can  ascend  it  from  the  sea  to  Providence. 

Narragansett  Alills,  a  hamlet  of  North  Kingstow 
township,  Washington  co.,  R.I.,  near  Bcllville  Station  o 
the  Newport  A  Wickford  Railroad.  It  has  manufactun 
of  cotton  yarns. 

Narragansctt  Pier,  a  post-village  and  fiwhionab: 
summer  resort  of  Washington  co.,  R.I.,  on  the  W.  shore  o 
Narragansctt  Bay,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Providence,  and 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Newport.  Hero  are  numerous  hotels,  a 
excellent  beach,  and  several  fine  residences.  A  ncwi>pnpcr 
published  hero.  Steamboats  ply  daily  between  this  piac 
and  Providence.     Pop.  in  IS90,  1408. 

Narragua'gns,  a  small  river  of  Maine,  rises  in  Ilai 
cock  CO.,  runs  southeastward  into  AVashington  oo.,  and  ei 
ters  the  Atlantic  Ocean. 

Narraingunge,  a  town  of  Bengal.  See  NAnArxouxoi 

Narriman,  narVc-m&n',  Naruoniak,  Naroiimak 
or  Nariiinak,  nl'roo-milk',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  1 
miles  S.W.  of  Olti.  It  is  very  ancient,  and  was  once 
place  of  great  importance,  but  has  fallen  into  decay. 

Narrows,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brevard  eo.,  Fin.,  on  tb 
peninsula  between  Indian  River  and  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  7 
miles  S.  of  Titusville. 

Narrows,  The,  New  York,  a  short  strnit  which  cot 
nects  New  York  Bay  or  harbor  with  tho  Lower  Bay,  an 
separates  Long  Island  from  Statcn  Island.  The  narrowei 
part  is  about  IJ  miles  wide,  and  6  miles  from  the  city  o 
New  York.  It  is  defended  by  Forts  Hamilton,  Tompkin 
Lafayette,  and  Wadsworth. 

Nar'rowsburg,  a  post-village  in  Tusten  townshif 
Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Eri 
Railroad,  35  miles  N.W.  of  Port  Jervis,  and  16  miles  E.  o 
Iloncsdalc,  Pa.  It  has  a  bridge  across  the  river,  which  ; 
here  compressed  into  a  narrow  channel  (100  feet  deep)  b 
two  points  of  rock.  It  has  3  churches,  several  quarries  o 
blue-stone,  a  graded  school,  and  a  luinbcr-niill.    Pop.  500 

NarroAVS  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Macon  co.,  Mo. 

Narsipoor,  nar^so-poor',  a  maritime  town  of  Indit 
presidency  of  Madras,  40  miles  E.  of  Masulipatam,  on  tb 
Godavery,  at  the  mouth  of  its  west  branch.     Pop.  6S19. 

Narukot,  ni-roo'kot,  or  Jam'bago'ra  IJaro'da 
a  native  state  of  India,  in  Guzerat.  Area,  143  squai 
miles.     Pop.  6837. 

Narnmak,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Narriman. 

Naru'na,  a  post-office  of  Burnet  co.,  Tex.,  20  miles  > 
of  Burnet. 

Narva,  nan'vi,  a  fortified  town  of  Russi.a,  govcmmer 
and  81  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Petersburg,  on  the  Narova, 
miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Gulf  of  Finland.  It  coneisl 
of  an  old  and  a  new  town :  tho  former,  founded  in  112! 
has  a  town  hall,  exchange,  and  the  fortress  of  Ivangoroc 
Tho  new  town  is  enclosed  by  fortifications.  Narva  hu 
salmon-fishery.  Near  it  Charles  XII.,  at  tho  head  of  800 
Swedes,  defeated  an  army  of  80,000  Russians,  on  the  30t 
of  November,  1700.     Pop.  6482. 

Nar'wah,  a  small  town  of  Portuguese  India,  4  miw 
from  Goa. 

Narwar,  nnrVar',  or  Nurwnr,  nur'wiir',  a  town  oi 
India,  dominions  and  45  miles  S.  of  Gwalior,  on  the  Sin 
River,  a  tributary  of  the  Ganges. 

Narym,  or  Narim,  ni-rim',  a  town  of  Asiatic  RuMii 
in  Tomsk,  on  the  Obi,  225  miles  N.W.  of  Tomsk. 

Narym,  a  river  of  Asiatic  Russia,  tributary  to  tli 
Irtish,  on  the  Chinese  frontier. 


NAR 


1935 


NAS 


Narzole,  nand'zo-U,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
oni,  15  miles  N.  of  Mondovi,  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
anaro.    Pop.  3847. 

Nasbinals,  nls^bee'nil',  a  village  of  France,  in  LozSre, 
-,  miles  N.W.  of  Marvejols.     Pop.  1181. 
Naseby,  niz'bee,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  and  12  miles 
.N.W.  of  Northampton.     The  troops  of  Charles  I.  were 
tally  defeated  here  by  the  Parliamentary  army  in  1645. 
Nasby,  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo.    See  Mebamec  Station. 
I  Nasby)  naz'be,  a  post-ofBce  of  Sarpy  co.,  Neb. 
Nasby,  Clinton  co.,  Pa.    See  Keating. 
Nascovia,  the  Latin  name  of  Naskov. 
NascAvan'pee,  a  township  of  Door  co.,  Wis.,  bounded 
.  by  Green  and  Sturgeon  Bays.    Pop.  418. 
Xash,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  North  Caro- 
i;i.  has  an  area  of  about  648  square  miles.    It  is  bounded 
the  N.  by  Fishing  River,  and  intersected  by  Tar  River. 
lie  surface  is  uneven,  and  mostly  covered  with   forests, 
itton,  maize,  and  pork  are  the  staples.    Capital,  Nashville. 
l,p.  in  1870,  11,077;  in  1880,  17,731;  in  1890,  20,707. 
iNash,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ellis  co.,  Tex.,  7  miles  S.  of 
loxahachie. 

Washawe'na,  tho  second  in  size  of  the  Elizabeth 
llands,  in  Dukes  co.,  Mass. 

^'ashawn  (or  Nashawan)  Island.    See  Naushov. 
|Nash  Depot,  a  station  on  the   Evansville  &  Terre 
lute  Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  Evansville,  Ind. 
iNash  Island,  in  Pleasant  lliver  Bay,  about  20  miles 
.  by  S.  of  Machias  Bay,  Me.     It  contains  a  light-house. 
|t.  44°  25'  N. ;  Ion.  67°  37'  W. 
JNashoba,  a  county  of  Mississippi.    See  Neshoba. 
pifagho'ba,  a  post-ofiRce  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  at  Car- 
Ee  Station.    See  Carlisle. 

pasho'tali,  a  hamlet  in  Waukesha  co..  Wis.,  in  Dela- 
|:d  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Rail- 
id,  26  miles  W.  of  Milwaukee. 

Washotah  Mission,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waukesha  co., 
s.,  1  or  2  miles  S.  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
ilrood,  and  26  miles  W.  of  Milwaukee.  It  is  adjacent 
iscvcral  small  lakes.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  theological 
liinary  (Protestant  Episcopal). 

iVash'port,  a  post-village  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.,  in 
liking  township,  on  the  Ohio  Canal  and  the  Licking  River, 
miles  N.W.  of  Zanesvillc.  It  has  a  church  and  4  stores, 
is  3  of  a  mile  from  Claypool's  Station  of  tho  Baltimoro 
I  )hio  Railroad. 

iashport  Road,  a  station  in  Muskingum  co.,  0.,  on 
I  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad,  13  miles  E. 
(tNewark,  and  about  2  miles  N.  of  Nashport. 
lash's  Creek,  a  hamlet  in  Rcstigouche  co..  New 
'.  mswick,  on  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  17  miles  E.  of  Dalhousie. 
fash's  Stream,  of  Coos  co.,  N.H.,  flows  into  the  Upper 
i '  monoosuck. 

rfash'ua,  a  post-office  and  colony  of  Putnam  co.,  Fla., 
(|:he  St.  John's  River,  15  miles  S.  of  Falatka.  It  has  a 
cfrch  and  several  orange-groves. 

fashua,  a  township  of  Ogle  co.,  111.  Pop.  483.  It 
c  tains  Daysville. 

fash'ua,  a  post-village  in  Bradford  township,  Chicka- 
B  CO.,  Iowa,  on  Cedar  River,  and  on  the  Illinois  Central 
0  ]edar  Falls  &  Minnesota  Railroad,  11  miles  S.E.  of 
(  rles  City,  and  29  miles  N.  of  Cedar  Falls.  It  has  4 
c  rches,  a  newspaper  office,  an  academy,  a  high  school,  a 
fidry, 2 flour-mills, and 2 banking-houses.  P.(1S90)  1240. 

ashua,  a  city,  one  of  the  capitals  of  Hillsborough 
®  N.H.,  is  situated  on  the  W,  bank  of  the  Merrimao 
Ber,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Nashua  River,'  35  miles  S. 
of!oncord,  and  14  miles  N.W.  of  Lowell.  It  is  on  the 
C;on,  Lowell  &  Nashua  Railroad  and  the  Concord  Rail- 
'■• ,  and  is  a  terminus  of  the  Nashua  &  Rochester  and 
V;  ccster  &  Nashua  Railroads.  An  extension  of  the  first- 
iijedroad  connects  it  with  Greenfield,  N.H.  A  canal  3 
1 8  long,  60  feet  wide,  and  8  feet  deep  has  been  out  from 
tl|  Nashua  River  to  the  Merrimac,  in  order  to  supply 
iC  ve-power  for  the  numerous  manufactories  of  this  town. 
Niua  contains  11  churches,  2  national  banks,  a  high 
^'i\,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  2  daily  and  2 
^]  ;ly  newspapers.  Here  are  extensive  manufactures  of 
J!*!  n,  iron,  steam-engines,  edge-tools,  locks,  carpets,  <ko. 
f|  Nashua  Manufacturing  Company  has  4  cotton-mills 
a':  a  capital  of  $1,000,000  or  more.  About  2000  opera- 
fij  are  employed  here  in  the  manufacture  of  cotton.  It 
18  lied  that  the  Nashua  Iron-Works  consume  in  a  year 
'"'  tons  of  iron  and  800  tons  of  steel.  Nashua  was  ohar- 
te  :  as  a  city  in  1853.     Pop.  in  1890,  19,311. 

.ishua,  a  station  in  Lawrence  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Erie  A 
P',  burg  Railroad,  7i  miles  N.N.W.  of  New  Castle. 


Nashua  River  rises  in  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  by  two 
branches,  one  of  which  is  called  tho  South  Nashua  and  the 
other  the  Nashua.  These  unite  in  Lancaster,  from  which 
the  river  runs  in  a  N.N.E.  direction  through  Middlesex 
CO.  into  New  Hampshire  and  enters  the  Merrimac  River 
at  tho  town  of  Nashua.     Length,  over  SO  miles. 

Nash'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Howard  co..  Ark.,  27  mileji 
N.  of  Fulton.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Nashville,  a  post-office  of  El  Dorado  co.,  Cal. 

Nashville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Berrien  co.,  Qa., 
about  70  miles  E.S.E.  of  Albany.  It  has  3  churches,  an 
academy,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  426. 

Nashville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Washington  co., 
III.,  on  the  St.  Louis  A  Southeastern  Railroad,  50  miles 
E.S.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  about  18  miles  S.W.  of  Cen- 
tralia.     It  has  a  court-house,  a  bank,  3  newspaper  offices, 

5  churches,  a  foundry,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  plough-factory. 
Pop.  in  1890,  2084. 

Nashville,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Brown  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Washington  township,  on  the  North  Branch  of  Salt  Creek, 
about  40  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  a  news- 
paper office  and  a  church.     Pop.  in  1890,  395. 

Nashville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Monmouth  township, 
Jackson  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Iowa  Midland  Railroad,  27  miles 
E.  of  Anamosa.     'The  township  contains  3  churches. 

Nashville,  a  hamlet  in  Lee  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Keokuk 

6  St.  Paul  Railroad,  near  the  Mississippi  River,  and  8 
miles  N.  of  Keokuk. 

Nashville,  a  post-village  in  Castleton  township,  Barry 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  Thornapple  River,  and  on  the  Grand  River 
Valley  Railroad,  44  miles  S.E.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  an  elevator,  a  bank,  1  or  2 
saw-mills,  2  flour-mills,  and  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  1000. 

Nashville,  a  township  of  Martin  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  379. 

Nashville,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  Minn. 

Nashville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barton  co..  Mo.,  in  Nash- 
ville township,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Carthago.  Pop.  of  tha 
township,  466. 

Nashville,  a  post-village  in  Hanover  township,  Chau- 
tauqua CO.,  N.Y.,  about  14  miles  E.  of  Dunkirk,  and  2 
miles  S.  of  the  Erie  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
cheese-factory. ,  Pop.  about  100. 

Nashville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Nash  co.,  N.C., 
on  Stony  Creek,  about  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Raleigh.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop,  about  100. 

Nashville,  a  post-village  iu  Washington  township, 
Holmes  co.,  0.,  about  24  miles  S.E.  of  Mansfield.  It  has  2 
or  3  churches.     Pop.  208. 

Nashville,  a  handsome  city,  capital  of  the  state  of 
Tennessee,  and  of  Davidson  co.,  is  situated  on  tho  left  bank 
of  the  Cumberland  River,  200  miles  from  its  mouth,  233 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Memphis,  206  miles  S.W.  of  Lexington, 
Ky.,  and  684  miles  from  AVashington.  Lat.  36°  9'  N. ; 
Ion.  86°  49'  W. ;  elevation  above  the  sea,  460  feet.  It  is 
tho  most  wealthy  and  populous  city  of  'Tennessee,  except 
Memphis,  and  is  distinguished  for  its  enterprising  spirit, 
literary  taste,  and  polished  society.  Many  of  the  private 
residences  are  built  on  a  scale  of  palatial  magnitude  and 
splendor,  and  the  public  buildings  exhibit  a  corresponding 
character.  The  capitol,  which  st.ands  on  a  commanding 
eminence,  175  feet  above  the  river,  is  a  magnificent  struc- 
ture. The  material  is  a  fine  limestone,  which  was  quarried 
on  the  spot,  and  nearly  resembles  marble.  The  dimen- 
sions are  240  feet  by  135  feet,  and  the  estimated  cost 
$1,500,000.  It  is  built,  it  is  stated,  entirely  of  stone  and 
iron,  without  any  wood  about  it,  except  the  planking  on 
which  the  copper  roofing  is  fastened;  the  floor  and  inner 
walls  are  of  dressed  stone.  The  foundation  of  the  capitol 
was  laid  in  1845.  A  lunatic  asylum,  which  will  accommo- 
date 400  patients,  is  located  in  the  vicinity.  The  state 
penitentiary  at  this  place  is  310  feet  by  50,  containing  200 
cells.  This  prison,  with  its  machinery,  equipments,  and 
labor,  is  leased  by  the  state  to  private  parties  by  contract. 

Nashville  is  noted  as  the  educational  centre  of  the  South- 
western States.  Its  system  of  public  schools  is  one  of  tho 
best  in  the  country.  It  has  5  school-buildings  for  whites, 
valued  at  $131,500,  and  3  school-buildings  for  colored  peo- 
ple. Here  are  2  medical  colleges,  viz.,  the  Nashville  Medi- 
cal College,  and  the  medical  department  of  Vanderbilt  Uni- 
versity, both  occupying  spacious  buildings.  With  the  latter 
is  connected  the  city  hospital.  This  city  is  the  scat  of  the 
Nashville  University,  founded  in  1806 ;  of  the  Vanderbilt 
University  (Methodist  Episcopal  South),  founded  in  1875; 
of  the  Fisk  University,  founded  in  1867,  for  the  training 
of  colored  teachers ;  and  of  tho  Central  Tennessee  College, 
founded  in  1866.  Nashville  has  also  2  female  seminaries, 
30  churches  for  whites,  14  churches  for  colored  people,  2  or- 


NAS 


1936 


NAT 


phan  ujlums,  4  national  banks,  2  larings-banks,  a  public 
library,  a  state  librorj  in  the  oapitol,  a  handsome  inosonio 
temple,  2  theatroii,  an  opera-ltouso,  and  a  building  for  the 
custom-house  and  post-oflice.  Three  daily  newspapers, 
about  20  weekly  religious  and  literary  journals,  and  a 
number  of  mouthly  periodicals  are  published  here.  This 
city  has  an  extensive  wholesale  trade,  and  inanHfactures 
which  include  carriages,  iron  products,  furniture,  lumber, 
flour,  snddlcry,  <io.  About  4UU  manufacturing  establish- 
ments were  reported  in  the  cou»us  returns  of  1890,  with  a 
oaniul  of  $Q,I66,620  and  a  product  valued  at  $13,673,730. 

It  ifl  connected  with  the  city  of  Edgefield,  which  is  on 
the  opposite  bank  of  the  river,  by  a  suspension-bridge  and 
a  railroad  drawbridge.  The  river  is  navigated  during  high 
water  by  large  steamboats  from  its  mouth  to  this  point,  and 
several  splendid  packets  are  owned  here.  Among  the  im- 
portant railroads  that  meet  here  are  the  Nashville,  Chatta- 
nooga &  St.  Louis,  the  Louisville  A,  Oreat  Southern,  the  St. 
Louis  A,  Southeastern,  the  Nashville  &  Decatur,  and  the 
Tennessee  <t  Pacific.  Pop.  in  1860,  lfi,94S;  in  1870,  in- 
cluding Edgefield,  30,260 ;  in  1880,  43,350  ;  in  1890,  76,168. 
Gen.  George  IL  Thomas  gained  here  a  decisive  victory  over 
the  Confederate  general  Ilood,  December  15  and  16,  1864. 

Nashville*  a  post-hamlet  of  Accomack  co.,  Va.,  on 
Chincoteaguo  Sound,  4  miles  from  Franklin  City. 

Nashville  Centre,  a  post- village  of  Martin  co.,  Minn., 
in  Nashville  township,  about  32  miles  S.W.  of  Mankato. 
It  has  a  church. 

Nashwaak,  nash'w&k,  a  post-village  in  York  oo., 
Now  Urunswiok,  on  the  Nashwaak  River,  14  miles  N.  of 
Fredoricton.     Pop.  250. 

Nashwaaksis,  nash-wik'sis,  a  post-village  in  York 
CO.,  New  Brunswick,  at  the  outlet  of  a  river  of  the  same 
name,  opposite  the  city  of  Frodericton.  It  has  a  foundry, 
and  carding-,  grist-,  and  saw-mills.     Pop.  200. 

Nashwaak  Village,  a  post-village  in  York  co..  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  river  Nashwaak,  8  miles  N.  of  Frederic- 
ton.     Pop.  150. 

Nasielsk,  ni'se-ilsk*,  a  town  of  Poland,  26  miles  N.  of 
Warsaw.  Pop.  3683.  Here  the  French  defeated  the  Rus- 
sians in  1806. 

Nasirabad,  a  town  of  India.    See  Nusseerabad. 

Naska,  nis'ki,  or  Caballos,  k&-B&ryoce,  a  maritime 
town  of  Peru,  department  of  Lima,  on  the  Pacific,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river  Naska,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Palpa. 

Naskov,  or  Naskow,  n&s'kov,  written  also  Naks- 
kov,  niks'kov'  (L.  Natko'via),  a  town  of  Denmark,  the 
largest  and  most  important  on  the  island  of  Loaland,  on  a 
fiord  of  the  same  name.  Pop.  4033.  Near  it,  on  the  fiord, 
is  the  old  castle  of  Aalholm  or  Christiansholm. 

Naso,  ni'so  (anc.  Agathyrnnmt),  a  town  of  Sicily,  44 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Messina,  on  the  Naso,  near  its  mouth.  It 
is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  2  churches.     Pop.  2306. 

Na'son's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Po- 
tomac, Fredericksburg  <fc  Piedmont  Railroad,  6i  miles  E.of 
Orange  Court-IIouse.    It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Nason's  Mills,  a  post-bnmlet  in  Limington  township, 
York  CO.,  Me.,  about  25  miles  W.  of  Portland. 

Na'sonville,  a  hamlet  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  in  Bur- 
rillville  township,  2  miles  from  Tarkiln  Station.  It  has  a 
woollen-mill.     Pop.  115. 

Nasonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wood  co..  Wis.,  10  miles 
S.W.  of  Marshfield.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Nas^rigunge',  or  Nasrigaiij*  n4s're-ganj',  a  town 
of  Bengal,  in  Shahabad,  near  the  Sone.  Lat.  25°  3'  N. ; 
Ion.  84°  22'  E.  It  htvs  manufactures  of  sugar  and  paper. 
Pop.  5732. 

Nassagaweya,  nis'si-gi-wi'yi,  or  Brook'ville,  a 

?ost-village  in  Ilalton  co.,  Ontario,  16  miles  E.  of  Guelph. 
t  contains  a  hotel  and  3  stores.    Pop.  150. 

Nassau,  nas'saw  (Qer.  pron.  nis'sow ;  Fr.  pron.  nls'so' ; 
L.  KaBHo'via),  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse  Nassau,  on  the 
Lahn,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Wiesbaden.     Pop.  1497. 

Nassau,  Ducur  of,  a  former  state  in  the  W.  part  of 
Germany,  between  lat.  49°  56'  and  50°  62'  N.  and  Ion.  7° 
30'  and  8°  30'  E.,  bounded  E.  by  Hesse-Darmstadt,  the 
Prussian  district  of  Wetzlar,  Hesse-Homburg,  and  the  ter- 
ritory of  Frankfort,  S.  by  the  Rhino  and  Main,  which  sepa- 
rated it  from  Hesse-Darmstadt,  and  W.  and  N.  by  Rhenish 
Prussia,  from  which  it  was  partly  separated  by  the  Rhine. 
In  1866  it  was  incorporated  in  the  new  Prussian  province 
of  Hesse-Nassau. 

Nassau,  nas'saw,  the  most  northeastern  county  of  Flor- 
ida, borders  on  Georgia.  Area,  about  640  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  St.  Mary's  River,  and  on  the  E. 
by  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is 
extensively  covered  with  forests.    The  soil  is  sandy.    Cat- 


tle, Indian  corn,  and  cotton  are  the  staple  products.  ThI 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Florida  Centnil  &,  I'cninnula 
Railroad  and  the  Savannah,  Florida  A  Wt-iitern  Kailroud 
the  former  of  which  connects  with  Fernandina,  the  oapitu' 
Pop.  in  1870,  4247;  in  1880,  6635;  in  1890,  8294. 

Nassau,  a  post-ofiico  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  on  the  Jun. 
tion  <k  Breakwater  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Lewes. 

Nassau,  a  township  of  Sioux  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  668. 

Nassau,  a  post-village  in  Nassau  township,  llonsscitt 
CO.,  N.Y.,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Albany,  and  about  6  wiles  I 
of  the  Hudson  River.  It  has  an  academy,  4  churches,  nn 
a  foundry.  Pop,  348.  The  surface  of  the  township  is  U 
versified  with  lakes  and  high  hills.     Pop.  2660. 

Nassau,  a  city  of  New  Providence,  capital  of  the  Bt 
hama  Islands,  on  a  declivity  near  the  N.  coast.  Lat.  o 
light-house,  25°  6'  6"  N. ;  Ion,  77°  21'  2"  W.  It  is  regi 
larly  and  well  built,  defended  by  forts,  and  has  a  handsom 
governor's  residence,  some  barracks,  a  prison,  govornniLT 
house,  a  public  library,  hospital,  agricultural  society,  an 
a  harbor  sheltered  northward  by  Hog  Island  and  havin 
two  entrances  passable  by  vessels  drawing  from  13  to  1 
feet  of  water.  It  has  a  large  trade  in  sponges.  It  u  a 
Anglican  bishop's  see.     Pop.  8000. 

Nassau  Isles.    See  Poacr  I«le.s. 

Nassau  River,  Florida,  a  small  river,  which  runseas 
ward,  and  enters  Nassau  Sound  on  the  boundary  betwoc 
the  cog.  of  Duval  and  Nassau. 

Nassau  River,  North  Australia,  enters  Nassau  Ba' 
Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  latter,  near  la 
15°  50'  S.,  Ion.  141°  35'  E. 

Nassau  Sound,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Florida,  is  at  tb 
S.  extremity  of  Amelia  Island,  10  miles  S.  of  Fernandina 

Nasserabad,  nis-s^r-i-bdd',  a  village  of  Beloochistai 
25  miles  S.W.  of  Kcdje,  on  the  route  to  Gwetter.  Lat.  2C 
13'  N.;  Ion.  61°  57'  E. 

Nassercit,  nis's^h-rlt',  a  village  of  Tyrol,  near  Imo 

Nas'sick,  a  district  of  India,  Bombay  presidency,  proi 
inco  of  Guzerat,  lying  N.  of  Ahmednuggur  district,  an 
traversed  by  tiie  Upper  Godavery.  Area,  8140  squai 
miles.     Pop.  734,386. 

NassicK,  or  Nasik,  n&s'sik,  called  also  Nas'suck, 
town  of  India,  capital  of  Nassick  district,  on  the  Godaver 
95  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Bombay.  It  is  noted  for  its  anciei 
cave-temples.     Pop.  22,436. 

Nassovia,  the  Latin  name  of  Nassau. 

Nastiltten,  nls'tfilH^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hessi 
Nassau,  on  the  MUhlbach,  19  miles  N.W.  of  Wiesbade: 
with  many  mineral  springs.     Pop.  1653. 

Nata,  ni'ti,  a  town  of  the  United  States  of  Colorabi 
on  the  W.  side  of  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  64  miles  S.W.  t 
Panama. 

Natal,  ni-tir,  a  colonial  possession  of  Great  Britaii 
on  the  S.E.  coast  of  Africa,  between  lat.  27°  20'  and  31 
66'  S.  and  Ion.  28°  12'  and  31°  30'  E.,  having  W.  the  Dn 
kenberg  Mountains,  separating  it  from  the  Orange  Fr( 
State,  and  N.E.  the  Buffalo  and  Great  Tugela  Rivers,  d 
viding  it  from  the  Zulu  country.  Area,  21,150  squai 
miles.  Pop.  (1891)  643,913.  Surface  undulating,  w« 
watered,  and  mostly  covered  with  tall  grass.  Climate 
sub-tropical,  the  products  on  the  low-lying  coast  beir 
those  of  the  tropics,  while  those  of  the  cool  highlands  of  tl 
interior  are  such  as  are  grown  in  temperate  climes.  The  cl 
mate  is  healthy;  tliunderstorms  are  of  frequent  occurrenc 
Timber  in  the  interior  grows  only  in  clumps  ;  the  sea-coa 
is  bordered  by  a  belt  of  mangroves.  Cotton  and  indij 
grow  wild.  Sugar,  coffee,  wheat,  oats,  beans,  and  tobaci 
are  important  crops.  Its  only  harbor  is  that  of  Port  Nata 
or  Durijan.  E.xports,  wool,  ivory,  hides,  arrowroot,  suga 
Ac,  to  the  value  of  about  £800,000.  ImporU,  appare 
cotton  goods,  beer  and  ale,  leather,  hardwares,  machiner; 
woollen,  tea,  linens,  Ac.  Sugar-cane,  coffee,  cotton,  ai 
Indian  corn  are  cultivated.  Modern  agricultural  inipl 
ments  are  coming  into  use  among  the  natives  in  gre 
quantities.  Building-stone  occurs  over  its  surface,  ai 
iron  ore  is  abundant;  coal  of  a  good  quality  has  been  di 
covered.  The  territory  is  administered  by  a  lieutenan 
governor,  nominally  under  the  government  of  the  Cap 
It  is  the  diocese  of  a  colonial  bishop,  and  has  many  Pro 
estant  mission  stations  and  schools.  Capital,  Pictermarit 
burg.  The  country  was  discovered  by  Vasco  da  Gama 
1497,  and  became  a  British  colony  in  1836.  , 

Natal,  n4-tir  (formerly  Cidade  dos  Reis,  se-di't 
dooe  ri'^s  or  r4s),  a  town  of  Brazil,  capital  of  the  sU 
of  Rio  Grande  do  Norte,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Potengi  '■ 
the  Atlantic.  Pop.  10,000.  It  was  formerly  an  importaij 
military  post,  and  has  3  churches,  a  governor's  residenci 
and  a  harbor,  with  an  export  trade  in  Brazil-wood. 


I 


NAT 


1937 


:av 


Natal,  or  Natar,  ni-tan',  a  town  of  Sumatra,  on  its 
.W.  coast.  Lat.  0°  33'  N. ;  Ion.  99°  0'  E.  Near  it  are 
)me  gold-mines,  and  it  has  an  export  trade  in  gold-dust, 
iniphor,  wool,  &o. 

Nata-Punket,  British  Columbia.    See  Babine  Lake. 
Natawaka,  Kansas.    See  Netawaka. 
Natchaug:,  Connecticut.    See  Nachaug. 
Natch'ee',  a  post-office  of  Yakima  co.,  AVashington. 
Natchez,  natch'iz,  a  hamlet  of  Martin  co.,  Ind.,  7 
lilesS.E.  of  Shoals. 

Natchez,  a  city  of  Mississippi,  and  the  capital  of 
dams  CO.,  is  on  the  Mississippi  River,  at  the  AV.  terminus 
;'  the  Natchez,  Jackson  &  Columbus  Railroad,  about  280 
lilcs  abo\'c  New  Orleans,  130  miles  below  Vicksburg,  and 
JO  miles  S.W.  of  Jackson.  Lat.  31°  34'  N. :  Ion.  9i°  22' 
'■.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  on  a  bluff,  which  is  elevated 
early  200  feet  above  the  river  and  affords  an  extensive 
iow  of  the  immense  cypress  swamps  of  Louisiana.  It  was 
1  1870  the  most  populous  city  in  the  state,  except  Vicks- 
;iri;.  It  has  wide  streets,  which  cross  one  another  at 
gilt  angles.  A  largo  number  of  its  houses. are  of  wood. 
[iiny  of  the  residences  arc  embellished  with  flower-gardens 
111  orange-groves.  Natchez  is  the  seat  of  a  Catholic 
shop,  and  contains  a  Catholic  cathedral,  a  court-house, 
30ut  7  churches,  a  masonic  temple,  a  bank,  several  orphan 
ivlums,  a  United  States  marine  hospital,  and  a  seminary 
died  the  Natchez  Institute.  Large  quantities  of  cotton, 
hich  is  the  chief  article  of  export,  are  shipped  hero  in 
eamboats,  the  heavy  shipping-business  being  transacted 
I  a  part  of  the  city  called  "  Natchez  under  the  Hill."  Two 
lily  and  4  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  The 
line  of  this  city  is  derived  from  a  tribe  of  aborigines  who 
-niierly  lived  here.  Pop.  in  1880,  7058;  in  1890,  10,101. 
Natchez,  Ohio.  See  South  Zanesville. 
Natchitoches,  nak'e-tosh,  a  parish  in  the  N.W.  part 
t  Louisiana,  has  an  area  of  1285  square  miles.  It  is 
jitersected  by  Red  River,  and  partly  bounded  on  the  E. 
'y  Saline  Bayou.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  several 
kes  and  extensive  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile. 
oiton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
■ts.  This  parish  is  traversed  by  the  Natchitoches  Railroad 
id  the  Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Natchitoches. 
up.  in  1870,  18,205;  in  1880,  19.707;  in  1890,  25,836. 
Natchitoches,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Natchitoches 
Irish,  La.,  is  on  Cane  River,  which  is  navigable  for  large 
eamboate,  4  miles  from  Red  River,  and  75  miles  S.S.E.  of 
hrevcport.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop,  and 
IS  5  churches,  1  or  2  newspaper  offices,  a  high  school,  and 
convent.  Steam-packets  ply  between  this  place  and  New 
ilcans.  Cotton  is  the  chief  export.  Pop.  in  1890,  1820. 
Na'than's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C. 
Nathaver,  the  Hindoo  name  of  Nattoue. 
Na'tick,  a  post-village  in  Natick  township,  Middlesex 
.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston  &  Worcester  Railroad,  at  the 
inction  of  the  Saxonville  Branch,  18  miles  W.S.W.  of 
jston.  It  is  at  the  S.  end  of  Cochituate  Lake.  It  con- 
ins  several  churches,  a  public  library,  a  high  school,  a 
itional  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  hat-factory,  and  ex- 
nsivo  manufactories  of  boots  and  shoes  and  base-balls. 
10  township  is  drained  by  Charles  River,  and  contains 
-'Ichville  and  South  Natick.  Pop.  of  the  township,  8479. 
I  Natick,  a  post-village  in  AVarwick  township,  Kent  co., 
|.I.,  on  the  Pawtuxet  River,  and  on  the  Hartford,  Provi- 
mce  &  Fishkill  Railroad,  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Providence. 
has  8  churches  and  a  cotton-factory. 
Natioliim,  the  ancient  name  of  Giovenazzo. 
National,  nash'iin-al,  a  post-village  of  Clayton  co., 
wa,  10  miles  S.W.  of  McGregor,  and  about  50  miles  N.W. 
I>ubuque.  It  has  a  church  and  a  graded  school. 
National  City,  a  post-village  of  San  Diego  co.,  Cal., 
I  the  Pacific  Ocean,  4  miles  S.  of  San  Diego.  It  has  a 
ild,  genial  climate,  in  which  flowers  bloom  in  all  seasons. 
National  Home,  a  post- village  of  Milwaukee  co., 
is.,  3  miles  AV.  of  Milwaukee.  Here  are  about  30  public 
aiding?,  erected  by  the  United  States  for  a  soldiers'  home. 
National  Military  Ilomc,  a  post-village  of  Kenne- 
e  CO.,  Me.,  at  Togus  Springs,  Chelsea,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Au- 
i.'ta.  Here  is  a  United  States  homo  for  disabled  volun- 
er  soldiers,  who  carry  on  some  manufactures,  such  as  that 
bricks,  lumber,  etc.  The  springs  have  had  some  repu- 
tion  in  the  treatment  of  chronic  diseases. 
National  Military  Home,  a  post-villago  of  Mont- 
■mery  co..  0.,  3i  miles  AV.  of  Dayton.  Here  are  a  large 
ick  hospital,  a  handsome  church  built  of  native  lime- 
Jne,  a  library,  a  music-hall,  and  several  barracks,  all 
eoted  for  the  accommodation  of  disabled  soldiers.  This 
tablishment,  and  the  beautiful  grounds  belonging  to  it 


(640  acres),  form  one  of  the  most  attractive  objects  in  the 
environs  of  Dayton.  Here  are  about  2500  disabled  soldiers. 

National  Itoad,  Licking  co.,  Ohio.    See  Jackson. 

National  Soldiers'  Home,  a  post-office  of  Eliza- 
beth City  CO.,  A^a.,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Hampton  Roads,  18 
miles  from  Norfolk.  Here  is  a  home  fordisabled  volunteers. 

National  Stock-Yards,  a  post-village  of  St.  Clair 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  opposite  St.  Louis.  Hero 
is  a  great  market  for  cattle,  sheep,  <fcc.,  belonging  to  the 
National  Stock-Yard  Company,  which  owns  650  acres  of 
land.  The  village  contains  a  largo  hotel,  a  bank,  and  a 
spacious  building  called  the  Exchange.  Several  great  rail- 
roads converge  to  this  point. 

Natividad,  n3,-te-ve-d3,d',  a  small  island  of  Lower  Cali- 
fornia, in  the  Pacific,  immediately  opposite  the  promontory 
of  Morro  Hermoso,  about  lat.  27°  30'  N, 

Natividad,  nil-tc-ve-d4d',  a  post-villnge  of  Monterey 
CO.,  Cal.,  about  100  miles  S.S.E.  of  San  Francisco,  and  6 
miles  from  Salinas.     It  has  several  dairies  and  a  lime-kiln. 

Natividad,  a  village  of  Mexico,  state  of  Mexico,  near 
Tezcoco. 

Natividade,  nl-te-ve-da,'di,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state 
of  Goyaz,  on  the  river  Luiz  Antes,  100  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Sao  Feliz.     Pop.  2000. 

Nat  Moore,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bladen  co.,  N.C,  3  miles 
from  Brinkley's  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Natolia,  Asia  Minor.     See  Anatolia. 

Nato'nia,  township,  Sacramento  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  523. 

Natro'na,  a  post-village  of  Mason  co.,  111.,  on  the  Chi- 
cago &  Alton  Railroad,  39  miles  S.AV.  of  Bloomington.  It 
has  a  church. 

Natrona,  a  post-village  in  Harrison  township,  Alle- 
ghany CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the  Western 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has 
2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  mineral  acids,  carbonate 
of  soda,  copperas,  salt,  &c.  Here  are  the  works  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania Salt  Manufacturing  Company.     Pop.  about  1500. 

Na'lroii  Lakes  of  Egypt  are  situated  in  a  valley 
of  the  Libyan  Desert,  called  the  Natron  Valley,  about  60 
miles  AV.N.AV.  of  Cairo,  and  consist  of  8  pools,  many  of 
them  rich  in  natron,  the  collecting  of  which  occupies  about 
300  persons. 

Nattam,  nltHim',  Nuttam,  nutHim',  or  Nnt'toni', 
a  considerable  town  of  British  India,  presidency  of  Madras, 
22  miles  N.  of  Madura.     Lat.  10°  12'  N.;  Ion.  78°  19'  E. 

Nattore,  or  Nattor,  nit'tor'  {native,  Nathaccr,  nit'h- 
i'v^r),  a  town  of  Bengal,  Rajcshahye  district,  30  miles  E. 
of  Baulcah.  It  has  the  palace  of  the  Nattore  rajah,  is 
densely  built,  and  is  very  unhealthy.  It  is  on  the  State 
Railway.     Pop.  9674. 

Nattradacotta,  nlt-tri-di-kot'tl,  a  town  of  British 
India,  in  Madra.s,  68  miles  N.E.  of  Cape  Comorin. 

Natunas,  ni-too'nds,  several  groups  of  islands  off  the 
N.AV.  coast  of  Borneo,  in  the  China  Sea.  The  Great  Na- 
tuna  Island,  lat.  4°  N.,  Ion.  108°  E.,  is  40  miles  in  length. 

Natunz,  niUoonz'  (?),  a  town  of  Persia,  province  of 
Irak-Ajemee,  60  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ispahan,  about  lat.  33° 
26'  N.,  Ion.  51°  56'  E. 

Nat'ural  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  AValton  co.,  Fla. 

Natural  Bridge,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Indian  River,  and  on  the  Black  River  &  St.  Law- 
rence Railroad,  about  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  AVatertown.  The 
river  here  flows  under  a  stratum  of  limestone. 

Natural  Bridge,  a  post-village  of  Rockbridge  co., 
Va.,  about  125  miles  AV.  of  Richmond,  and  about  2  miles 
from  the  James  River.  Here  is  the  celebrated  natural 
bridge  over  Cedar  Creek,  one  of  the  most  remarkable  natural 
objects  of  interest  in  the  state.  The  height  of  the  arch  is 
200  feet,  and  the  upper  surface  of  the  bridge  is  240  feet 
above  the  stream  that  flows  beneath. 

Natural  Canal,  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  connects 
the  Oswegatchie  with  Grass  River.     Length,  about  6  miles. 

Natural  Dam,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co..  Ark. 

Naturns,  ni'toorns,  a  village  of  Austria,  Tyrol,  circle  of 
Botzen,  in  the  valley  of  the  Etsch  (or  Adige).     Pop.  1625. 

Naubuc,  naw'buk,  a  post-office  of  Hartford  co.,  Conn., 
5  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hartford. 

Naudaun,  a  town  of  India.    See  Nadaun. 

Nauders,  now'ders,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Tyrol,  on 
the  Swiss  frontier,  15  miles  N.AV.  of  Glurns.     Pop.  1361. 

Nauen,  n6w'§n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg, 
17  miles  AV.N.AA''.  of  Potsdam,  on  the  Hamburg  &  Berlin 
Railway.    It  has  manufactures  of  linen,  beer,  Ac.    P.  6929. 

Naugard,  nSw'gaut,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania, 
29  miles  N.E.  of  Stettin,  between  two  lakes.     Pop.  4765. 

Naugart,  naw'gart,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marathon  co., 
AVis.,  14  miles  N.AV.  of  AA'ausau.    It  has  a  steam  saw-mill. 


NAtT 


1038 


KAV 


Nnu|;ntack,  naw-g^  tfik',  a  pout- village  of  New  Ila- 
ven  CO.,  Conn.,  in  Naugatuolc  township,  on  a  river  of  the 
Bnuie  name,  and  on  the  Naugntucic  Kailroad,  6  miles  S.  of 
Wntorijury,  and  16  miles  in  a  direct  lino,  or  22  miles  by  rail, 
N.N.W.  of  New  Haven.  It  has  4  churches,  a  savings- 
bank,  a  high  school,  and  manufactures  of  rakes,  hoes, 
shears,  forks,  knivos,  malleable  iron,  &o.  Here  is  the 
manufactory  of  the  Goodyear  Glove  &  Rubber  Company. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  6218. 

Naugntiick  Junction^  in  Litchfield  co.,  Conn.,  is 
one  of  the  stations  at  Winsted.  Here  tho  Naugatuck  llail- 
road  intersects  the  Connecticut  AVestern  Railroad.  It  is  36 
uiilcs  \V.  of  Hartford. 

Nniigntnck  Junction,  in  Now  Ilavon  oo.,  Conn.,  is  on 
tho  New  York  li!  New  Haven  Railroad,  at  tho  junction  of 
tho  Xitugatuck  Railroad,  2  miles  E.  of  Stamford. 

Nangatnck  Kivcr,  Connecticut,  rises  in  Litchfield 
CO.,  runs  southward  through  Now  Haven  co.,  and  enters  tho 
Ilousatonio  River  at  Derby  and  Birmingham.  It  is  nearly 
66  miles  long.  The  chief  town  on  its  bank  is  Waterbury. 
The  trains  of  tho  Naugatuck  Railroad  run  along  this  river 
from  Derby  to  Walcotlville,  about  40  miles. 

Naiighrightville,  naw'r!t-vI1,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Morris  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  High  Bridge  Railroad,  13  miles 
N.E.  of  High  Bridge,  and  about  15  miles  W.  of  Morris- 
town.  It  has  a  chapel  and  a  flour-mill.  Tho  name  of  the 
station  is  Naughright. 

Naiilicim,  now'himc,  a  village  of  Hosso,  13  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Iliinau,  with  important  saline  springs.    P.  2391. 

Nanmburg,  nowm'bSoRO,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
17  miles  S.S.W.  of  Merseburg,  on  the  Saalc,  and  on  the 
railroad  from  Hallo  to  Gotba.  It  has  3  suburbs,  a  cnstle,  a 
cathedral  and  4  other  churches,  a  hospital,  a  gymnasium, 
and  manufactures  of  leather,  linen,  soap,  tobacco,  pottery, 
and  woollen  stuffs.     Pop.  1G,25S. 

Naunibur^,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassau,  on 
the  E<ler,  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cassel.     Pop.  1432. 

Naiimburg)  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Prussian  Silesia, 
33  niilcs  W.  of  Liognitz,  on  the  Quciss.     Pop.  2028. 

Nnumburg,  a  town  of  Prussia,  59  miles  N.W.  of  Lieg- 
nitz,  on  the  rigiit  bank  of  tho  Bober.     Pop.  879. 

Naum'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.,  1  mile 
from  Castorland  Station,  and  about  64  miles  N.  of  Utica. 
It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Naundorf)  nown'donf,  a  village  of  Saxony,  30  miles 
N.  of  Dresden.     Pop.  1513. 

Naunhof,  nown'hof,  a  town  of  Saxony,  10  miles  E.S.E. 
of  lioipsic,  on  the  Parthe.     Pop.  1312. 

Naiipactus,  tho  ancient  name  of  Lepanto. 

Nauphio,  an  island  of  Greece.    See  Anaphe. 

Naiiplia,  naw'ple-a,  or  Napoli  di  Romania,  nH'po- 
le  dee  ro-mi-nee'J,  (anc.  Nau'plla  ;  Fr.  NaupU,  no'plee'), 
a  fortified  seaport  town  of  Greece,  in  the  Morea,  capital  of 
the  government  of  Argolis,  near  the  head  of  the  Gulf  of 
Nauplia,  5  miles  S.S.E.  of  Argos.  Lat.  37°  33'  36"  N.  ; 
Ion.  22°  48'  E.  It  is  enclosed  by  Venetian  fortifications, 
with  several  batteries,  and  has  2  fortresses,  one  of  which, 
on  a  precipitous  rock,  is  almost  impregnable.  Tho  town, 
recently  laid  out  in  modern  European  style,  bos  a  good 
main  street,  some  squares,  and  the  church  where  Capo 
d'Istria  was  assassinated  in  1831.  It  has  a  good  roadstead, 
and  at  one  time  carried  on  an  extensive  traffic  in  silk,  oil, 
■wax,  wines,  corn,  cotton,  and  sponge,  but  its  commerce  has 
much  declined.     Pop.  8543.     See  Gulf  op  Nauplia. 

Nau'set  Beach,  the  E.  side  of  Capo  Cod,  Mass.,  18 
miles  S.E.  of  Provincetown.  On  it  are  3  light-houses,  150 
feet  apart.  Lat.  41°  51'  35"  N. ;  Ion.  69°  57'  18"  W. 
About  4  miles  S.  is  the  entrance  to  Nauset  Harbor,  an  inlet 
of  the  Atlantic. 

Nau^shon',  the  largest  of  the  Elizabeth  Islands,  7i 
miles  long,  in  Dukes  co.,  Mass.,  is  a  summer  resort. 

Naustathmus,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Vixdicari. 

Nauta,  now'til,  a  town  of  Ecuador,  on  tho  Amazon,  a 
little  above  the  confluence  of  the  Ucayalc,  about  lat.  4°  30' 
S.,  Ion.  72°  40'  W.     Pop.  1000. 

Nanthpoor,  nawt'h'poor',  a  town  of  Bengal,  district 
and  42  miles  N.N.W.  of  Purneah.  Lat.  26°  17'  N.;  Ion. 
87°  3'  E. 

Nautrille,  or  Nantrill,  naw'tril  or  naw-trill',  a  ham- 
let of  Black  Hawk  co.,  Iowa,  10  miles  N.  of  Waterloo. 

Nauvoo,  naw-voo',  a  post-village  of  Winston  co.,  Ala. 

Nauvoo,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co..  III.,  in  Nau- 
▼00  township,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  14  miles  above 
Keokuk,  32  miles  below  Burlington,  and  1  mile  from 
Montrose  Station,  Iowa.  It  is  finely  situated  on  high 
ground.  It  was  founded  in  1840  by  tho  Mormons,  who 
built  here  a  large  and  costly  limestone  temple,  which  is 


now  a  ruin.     After  the  Mormons  had  been  driven  awnv 
company  of  French  Socialists  occupied  tho  place  for  tl'. 
time.     It  has  6  churches,  a  Catholic  academy,  2  cigiir-l.v 
torius,  2  wagon-shops,  and  a  newspaper  oflice.    The  river  iii 
here  1  mile  wide.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1678. 

Nauvoo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  oo.,  Pa.,  about  25  milei 
N.  by  W.  of  Williamsport. 

Nava,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Nahr. 

Nava  Catn,  a  town  of  India.    See  Noakote. 

Navaconcejo,  or  Navaconcexo,  nl-vikon-thi'no, 
a  town  of  S])ain,  in  Estremadura,  province  and  N.N.E.  ul 
Caceres,  near  the  Jerte.     Pop.  1186. 

Nava  de  la  Asuncion,  ni'vi  d&  121  i-soon-tho-Cn', 
or  Nava  de  Coca,  ni'vil  di  ko'kl,  a  town  of  Spain,  Now 
Castile,  province  and  23  miles  N.W.  of  Segovia.     P.  1681, 

Nava  del  Rey,  nA'vi  dfil  rA,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov.! 
inco  and  30  miles  S.W.  of  Valladolid.  It  has  a  finocburoh 
Pop.  5946. 

Navfvjoc,  nl-vl'no,  a  post-office  of  Conejos  co..  Col.,  ii 
on  a  reservation  of  Navajo  Indians. 

NavrOo  Indians,  a  peaceable,  industrious  tribe  occu- 
nying  a  reservation  embracing  the  N.W.  corner  of  New 
Mexico  and  the  N.E.  corner  of  Arizona,  and  numbering 
about  12,000,  of  whom  about  one-third  arc  engaged  in  civ. 
ilized  pursuits.  The  Navajo  Agency  is  at  Mineral  Spring* 
Valencia  co.,  New  Mexico. 

Naval,  nll-vil',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Aragon,  provinot 
and  E.  of  Huesca.  In  tho  vicinity  are  extensive  salt 
works.     Pop.  1641. 

Navalcan,  ni-vll-kln',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Cu- 
tilo,  province  and  W.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  1599. 

Navalcarnero,  n4-vil-kaR-ni'ro,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  19  miles  W.S.W.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  3758. 

Navalmoral  de  la  Mata,nA-vill-mo-rirdil4m4'tl 
a  town  of  Spain,  52  miles  N.E.  of  Caceres.     Pop.  3295. 

Navalmoral  de  Pusa,  nS,-vS,I-mo-rlI'  di  poo'jl,  i 
town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  province  and  38  miles  S.W 
of  Toledo.     Pop.  3415. 

Navalucillos,  nl-vl-loo-thecl'yoco,  a  village  of  Spain 
in  New  Castile,  38  miles  S.AV.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  2266. 

Navalvillar,  nl-vill-veel-yan',  or  Navalvillar  d( 
Pcia,  niV-vil-veel-yan'  dA  pA'li,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov 
inco  and  67  miles  E.N.E.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  27(17. 

Nav'an,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Meath,  at  tho  con. 
fluenco  of  tho  Boyne  and  Blackwater,  20  miles  N.W.  of 
Dublin,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  railway.  Pop 
4104.  It  has  a  court-house,  corn-  and  paper-mills,  roanU' 
facturcs  of  sacking,  and  exports  of  agricultural  produce. 

Navan',  a  post-office  of  Winneshiek  co.,  Iowa. 

Navarino,  n4-vA-ree'no,  Navarin,  nl-vd-recn',  oi 
Neocastro,  ni-o-kis'tro  (modern  Greek,  N«o<ca<rTpoK,  nA- 
o'kis-tron);  a  fortified  seaport  town  of  Greece,  in  tho  Morea 
on  a  bay  of  the  Mediterranean,  6  miles  N.  of  Modon.  I 
consists  of  about  200  well-built  stone  houses  and  100  wooder 
habitations.  Near  it,  on  the  N.,  are  the  ruins  of  old  Na- 
varino, the  ancient  Pylos.  The  harbor,  sheltered  by  tb( 
island  of  Sphagia,  is  a  noble  basin,  famous  in  antiquity  foi 
a  total  defeat  of  the  Spartan  by  the  Athenian  navy,  and  ii 
modern  times  for  tho  victory  of  the  English,  French,  anc 
Russian  fleets  over  those  of  the  Turks  and  Egyptians,  Oc- 
tober  20,  1827.     Pop.  2000. 

Navarino,  nav-a-ree'no,  a  post-village  of  Onondagi 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  I 
church.     Pop.  83. 

Navarino,  n4-v4-ree'no,  or  Nev^ere'no,  a  post-offio 
of  Shawano  co..  Wis.     Pop.  of  Navarino  township,  148. 

Navarino,  a  post-office  of  Shawan&  co..  Wis.,  12  milei 
S.E.  of  Shawano. 

Navarre,  na-var'  (Fr.  pron.  nlH-an';  Sp.  Kavarra 
ni-vaB'ni),  a  province  of  Spain,  bounded  N.  IJy  the  Medi- 
terrancan  and  France.  Area,  4069  square  miles.  Pop 
318,954.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Pyrenees,  which  here  forn 
several  fine  valleys.  The  summits  of  tho  mountains  are  ii 
general  rugged  and  bare ;  lower  down  they  are  covered  wit! 
wood  and  afford  excellent  pasturage.  The  grain  and  win( 
produced  are  insufficient  for  consumption.  Chief  rivers 
the  Ebro  and  Bidassoa.  The  greater  portion  of  the  popu- 
lation speak  the  Basque  language.  Navarre,  which  vrai 
never  completely  subjugated  to  the  Arabs,  formed  a  distinct 
kingdom  at  tho  end  of  the  ninth  century,  and  was  united 
to  Aragon  from  1070  to  1134.  The  kings  of  France  held 
it  for  a  short  time  at  tho  end  of  the  thirteenth  ccntury._  II 
was  taken  by  Ferdinand  the  Catholic  in  1512,  and  united 
to  Spain.  A  small  part  of  the  country,  called  Basse-Na- 
varre, remained  to  Catharine  of  Navarre,  and  was  united 
to  the  crown  of  France  in  1589.  From  that  time  till  th< 
revolution  of  1830  the  kings  of  France  took  the  title  of 


NAV 


1939 


NAZ 


ni»  of  Navarro.     It  retains  peculiar  privileges,  and  in 
B  new  division  of  the  country  (1833)  it  retained  its  an- 

!nt  boundaries.     Capital,  Pamplona. Adj.  and  inhab. 

vvARiiESE,  ni'var-reez'   (Sp.    Navauro,    nd-vaR'Ro,   or 
vvAiiRES,  nl-vau-uis').    Basse-Navarre,  bdss-niVaR', 
;3  a  division  of  Franco,  in  the  old  province  of  B6arn. 
Navarre,  na-var',  a  post-village  in  Eethlehem  town- 
ip,  Stark  CO.,  6.,  on  the  Tuscarawas  lliver,  about  10  miles 
w'.  of  Canton.     It  is  also  on  the  Cleveland,  Tuscarawas 
illoy  &  Wheeling  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Massillon.     It 
s  5  churches,  2  flour-mills,  a  brewery,  a  foundry,  a  union 
lool,  .and  a  money-order  post-ofSce.     Pop.  about  900. 
N'iivarrcnx,  nS,'vaiiV6s»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Basses- 
ronccs,  20  miles  W.  of  Pau.     Pop.  1348. 
Navarrcs,  ni-vaK-u6s',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
;.\V'.  of  Valencia.     Pop.  1917. 

Navarrete,  ni-vau-ui'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
1  5  miles  W.  of  Logrono.     Pop.  2205. 
Navar'ro,  a  small  river  of  Mendocino  co.,  Gal.,  runs 
itluvestward,  and  enters  the  Pacific  Ocean. 
Navarro,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  Texas, 
s  iin  area  of  aOout  1020  square  miles.     It  is  bounded  on 
3  N.E.  by  tlie  Trinity  lliver,  and  is  iilso  drained  by  Cham- 
rs  and  Kichhind  Creeks.     The  surface  is  diversified  with 
lilies  and  forests  of  good  timber,  which  is  here  abundant. 
10  soil  is  fertile.     Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork 
■  the  staple  products.     This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
uston  &  Te.\as  Central  Railroad  and  the  St.  Louis  South- 
<tern  Railroad,  which   meet  at  Corsieana,  the  capital. 
,p.  in  1870,  8879;  in  1880,  21,702;  in  1890,  26,373, 
ilVavarro  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Navarro  co.,  Tex. 
iSavarro  (or  Novar'ro)  llidge,  a  post-villago  of 
;ndocino  co.,  Cal.,  near  the  Pacific  Ocean,  at  the  mouth  of 
varro  River,  about  125  miles  N.N.W.  of  San  Francisco. 
p.  315. 

jVavas  del  Madroilo,  ni'vis  d61  mi-dron'yo,  a  town 
Spain,  19  miles  W.N.W.  of  Caccres.     Pop.  3117. 
Vavas  del  Marquez,  ni'v-ls  dSl  mais-kdth',  a  town 
jSpain,  21  miles  E.S.E.  of  Avila.     Pop.  2727. 
Vavas  dc  San  Antonio,  n.\'vis  di  sin  in-to'ne-o,  a 
Iftgo  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  20  miles  from  Segovia. 
Vavas  de  San  Juan,  ni'vAs  di,  s.ln-iioo-in'  (almost 
in),  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  35  miles  from  Jaen. 
S'avas  de  Toloso,  ni'vAs  di  to-lo'so,  a  small  village 
Spain,  in  Andalusia,  province  and  39  miles  N.  of  Jaen. 
;a,  in  1212,  a  victory  was  obtained  by  the  King  of  Cas- 
.  Aragon,  and  Navarre  over  the  Moors,  who  were  com- 
ndod  by  Mohammed  Ibn  Abdallah,  King  of  Morocco. 

0  Spaniards  were  assisted  by  100,000  foreign  crusaders, 

1  fly  English  and  French.  It  is  said  that  200,000  of  the 
dels  were  slain,  and  only  725  Christians. 
S'avasink,  or  Navesink,  nav'a-sink,  a  post-village 
Middletown  township,  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  near  a  river 
similar  name,  3  miles  from  Hopping  Station.  It  has  3 
iiches.  Pop.  about  500.  See  Highlands. 
Vavaso'ta,  a  post-village  of  Grimes  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
vusota  River,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Brazos,  and  on  the 
uston  &  Texas  Central  Railroad,  70  miles  N.W.  of  Hous- 

L  and  29  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bryan.      It  has  2  banks,  a 

wspaper  office,  4  churches,  the  Atchison  Institute,  a 
jon-factory,  and  an  oil-mill.  Pop.  in  1890,  2997. 
ifavasota  River,  Texas,  rises  in  Limestone  co.,  runs 
rly  southward,  forms  the  boundary  between  the  cos.  of 
f)ertson  and  Brazos  on  the  right,  and  Leon,  Madison, 
I  Grimes  on  the  other  side,  and  enters  the  Brazos  River 
r  Washington.  It  is  nearly  170  miles  long. 
Javas'sa,  or  Navnza,  nA-vi'sft.  a  small  island  of  the 

'  ibbean  Sea,  off  the  W.  coast  of  llayti,  at  the  S.W.  en- 

Jaeo  of  the  Windward   Passage.     Lat.  18°  25'  N.;  Ion. 

]  2'  W.    It  affords  guano. 

fave,  ni'vi,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  5  miles 
1  of  Brescia.     Pop.  2099. 
iave  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  Tenn.,  29  miles 

•,by  E.  of  Knoxville. 

jiavelli,  ni-vJ'l'leo,  a  vill.age  of  Italy,  province  and  19 

ijcs  S.E.  of  Aquila.     Pop.  2593. 

fJaver,  Loch,  a  lake  of  Scotland.    See  Loch  Naver. 

[faves,  niv,  a  village  of  France,  in  Corrfize,  3  miles  N. 

(ifullc.    Pop.  2297. 

jfavia,  ni've-l,  a  river  of  Spain,  rises  in  Galicia,  prov- 

ii)  of  Lugo,  flows  N.N.E.,  and  enters  the  Bay  of  Biscay. 

'  igth,  G5  miles.     It  has  an  excellent  salmon-fishery. 
Javia,  a  town  of  Spain,  on  the  river  Navia,  about  a 
e  from  its  mouth.    It  has  Roman  antiquities.    Pop.  754. 
lavia  de  Suarna,  ni'vo-i  di  swaK'ni  or  soo-aR'ni, 

'.mail  town  of  Spain,  province  and  40  miles  N.W.  of 

t  edo,  on  the  Navia. 


Navidad,  ni-ve-did',  a  small  river  of  Texas,  rises  In 
Fayette  co.,  runs  southward  through  Lavaca  co.,  and  enters 
the  Lavaca  River  about  10  miles  below  Tcxana. 

Navidnd,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Navidad  River,  28  miles  N.E.  of  Victoria.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  grist-mill. 

Navigator's  Islands.    See  Samoan  Islands. 

Na'vy  Yard,  a  station  of  the  Baltimore  &  Potomao 
Railroad,  2i  miles  E.  of  Washington,  D.C. 

Nawabgunge,  ni-wib-gunj',  or  NaAvaurgnnge, 
ni-war-giinj',  a  town  of  India,  in  Oude,  38  miles  N.E.  of 
Lucknow.     Pop.  6131. 

Nawabgunge,  a  town  of  the  Barcilly  district,  India. 
Pop.  4418.     See  also  Bara  Banki. 

Nawabgunge,  or  Nawabganj,  a  town  of  Bengal, 
on  the  E.  bank  of  the  lloogly,  13  miles  N.  of  Calcutta. 
Pop.  16,525. 

Nawada,  ni-wl'dl,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  Midnapoor. 
Lat.  22°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  87°  30'  E.     It  has  paper-works. 

Nawada,  a  large  town  of  Bengal,  in  Gaya  district. 
Lat.  24°  53'  N. ;  Ion.  85°  35'  E. 

Naxera,  a  town  of  Spain.    Sec  Najera. 

Naxerilla,  a  river  of  Spain.    See  Na.ierilla. 

Nax'os,  or  Naxia,  nix-ee'a  (anc.  JVaxos),  an  islana 
of  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  the  largest  and  most  fertile  of 
the  Cyclades.  Lat.  37°  N. ;  Ion.  25°  31' E.  Length,  19 
miles;  breadth,  15  miles.  Pop.  11,518.  The  surface  is  moun- 
tainous. Chief  products,  wine,  fruits,  olive  oil,  and  cheese. 
The  island  was  formerly  consecrated  to  Bacchus.  In  the 
thirteenth  century  it  formed,  with  the  neighboring  islands, 
the  Venetian  duchy  of  Naxos.  It  was  taken  by  the  Turks 
in  the  fifteenth  century.  It  now  forms  a  government  of 
the  kingdom  of  Greece.  Chief  town,  Naxia  (anc.  A'axoa), 
with  a  port  on  the  N.W.  coast;  it  is  the  see  of  a  Greek 
bishop  and  of  a  Latin  archbishop.  Pop.  4000.  The  eparchy 
of  Naxos  includes  also  Paros,  Antiparos,  and  other  islands. 
Total  pop.  20,582. 

Naxos,  or  Naxia,  a  ruined  city  of  Sicily,  on  the  E. 
coast,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Onobala. 

Naxuana,  an  ancient  name  of  Nakhchivan. 

Nay,  nil,  a  town  of  France,  in  Basses-Pyrenees,  on  the 
Gave  de  Pau,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pau.  Pop.  3093.  It  has 
manufactures  of  broadcloth,  serge,  druggets,  blankets,  &o. 

Nayabari,  na,'yi-bi'ree,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  l3acca. 
Lat.  23°  39'  N. ;  Ion.  90°  3'  E.     Pop.  3150. 

Naya  Dumka,  ni'yd  doom'ki,  a  small  town  of  Ben- 
gal, capital  of  the  Santal  Pergunnahs.  Lat.  24°  16'  N.; 
Ion.  87^^  17'  21"  E. 

Nayagurh,  or  Nayagarh,  nl'ya-giirh',  a  native  state 
of  Orissa,  India.  Lat.  19°  54.5'-20°  20.5'  N. ;  Ion.  84°  50' 
45"-85°  18'  E.  Area,  588  square  miles.  It  is  fertile  and 
well  cultivated,  with  some  wild  districts.  Capital,  Naya- 
gurh, a  town  of  2500  inhabitants,  in  lat.  20°  7'  45"  N.,  Ion. 
85°  71'  56"  W.    Total  pop.  83,249. 

Naya  Nagar,  India.    See  Nve  Nuggur. 

Nay'att  Point,  a  post-hamlet  and  watering-place  on 
the  E.  shore  of  Narragansett  Bay,  Bristol  co.,  R.I.,  and  on 
the  Providence,  Warren  <fc  Bristol  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of 
Providence.     It  has  a  hotel  and  some  fine  residences. 

Nayaug,  na-yawg',  or  Winton  Junction,  a  station 
in  Lackawanna  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  & 
Western  Railroad  and  the  Pennsylvania  Coal  Company's 
Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Scranton,  at  the  junction  of  the 
AVinton  Branch  of  the  former  road.    See  also  Winton. 

Naye,  ni'i,  a  village  of  Africa,  in  Bondoo,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Falemc.    Lat.  14°  26'  N. ;  Ion.  13°  15'  W. 

Nay'land,  a  town  of  England,  in  Suffolk,  on  the  nav- 
igable Stour,  14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ipswich.     Pop.  980. 

Naylor,  na'l^r,  a  post-villago  of  Lowndes  co.,  Ga.,  near 
the  Allapaha  River,  and  on  the  Atlantic  &  Gulf  Railroad, 
13  miles  N.E.  of  Valdosta.  It  has  a  church  and  a  steam 
saw-mill. 

Nay  I  or' 8,  a  post-offico  of  Richmond  co.,  Va. 

Nayntivoe,  an  island  near  Ceylon.    See  Haarlem. 

Nayoe,  or  Nayoo,  ni^oo',  a  group  of  four  or  five 
islands,  Malay  Archipelago,  N.  coast  of  Celebes,  off  the  Bay 
of  Menado. 

Naz'areth  (Arab.  En-Naairah,  5n-nl-see'ra),  a  small 
town  of  Palestine,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Acre.  Pop.  about  6000, 
mostly  Christians.  It  stands  on  a  declivity,  and  is  gen- 
erally well  built,  with  flat-roofed  stone  houses.  Its  princi- 
pal edifice  is  the  Latin  convent,  with  a  richly-decorated 
church,  reputed  to  bo  on  the  site  rendered  memorable  as  tho 
scene  of  the  Annunciation  and  the  home  of  Christ.  The 
population  is  employed  in  agriculture  and  weaving. 

Nazareth,  ni^ziVSt',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flan- 
ders, 8  miles  by  rail  S.AV.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  5492. 


NAZ 


1940 


NEB 


Nazareth,  nll-»&*r<t',  a  town  of  Bradt,  province  of 
Bahift,  on  tho  loft  bank  of  tho  Jaguarlpo,  40  miles  from  iu 
mouth  in  tho  Athintio.     Pop,  2000. 

Naz'aroth,  a  pojt-borough  of  Northampton  co.,  Pa., 
about  7  utiles  N.W.  of  Eii^ton,  and  60  miles  N.  of  Phila- 
delphia. It  \>M  founded  in  1741  by  a  colony  of  Moravians, 
under  George  Whitetield.  Horo  is  a  Moravian  academy  or 
boarding-school  for  boys,  which  was  founded  in  1785. 
Naxarcth  has  3  churchoK,  a  foundry,  and  manufactures  of 
fanning-iiii[)lcmont.i,  »ti8h,  &o.     Pop.  in  18U0,  1318. 

Nazareth  Islands,  Indian  Ocean.    See  Carqados. 

Naze  (n&'7.9h),  Thr,  a  capo,  forming  the  S.  extremity 
of  Norway,  on  the  North  Sea,  near  tho  entrance  of  the  Ska- 
ger-llack.     Lat.  57°  57'  N. ;  Ion.  70  2'  E. 

Naze  (n&(),  The,  a  headland  of  England,  fonning  the 
E.  extremity  of  the  co.  of  Suffolk,  5  miles  S.  of  Harwich. 

Naze,  The,  a  headland  of  Senegambia,  36  miles  S.U. 
of  Cai>e  Verd. 

N'Diangiii,  n'de-Hng'ghee^  written  also  Guiangue, 
a  village  of  West  Africa,  Wallo  country,  on  the  left  bank 
of  tho  Senegal.     Lat.  16°  25'  N.;  Ion.  15°  50'  W. 

Ne,  nA  (L,  AW),  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Genoa, 
8  miles  from  Chiavari,  on  tho  Graveglia.     Pop.  3079. 

Neabs'co  lUills,  post-office.  Prince  AVilliam  co.,  Va. 

NesB,  the  ancient  name  of  IIaoiostrati. 

NetEthus,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Nkto. 

Neafu,  ni-i-foo',  a  village  on  tho  island  of  Vavao,  ono 
of  the  Friendly  Islands,     Lat.  1U°  4'  S.;  Ion.  174°  30'  W. 

Neagh,  Lough,  Ireland.    Sec  Lough  Nbagh. 

Ne'ah  Bay,  a  post-office  and  Indian  village  of  Clallam 
CO.,  Washington,  on  the  Strait  of  Juan  de  Fuoa,  about  5 
miles  from  the  ocean.  Lat.  48°  21'  49"  N. ;  Ion.  124°  37' 
12"  W.    Hero  is  an  Indian  reservation  of  tho  Makah  tribe. 

Nealey's  (ne'liz)  Corner,  a  post-offioe  of  Penobscot 
CO.,  Me.,  about  6  miles  AV.  of  Hampden, 

Neal's  (noelz)  Landing,  post-office,  Jackson  co.,  Fla. 

Neapel,  the  Germnn  name  of  Naples. 

N6ant,  nd'6v>',  a  village  of  France,  in  Morbihan,  7 
miles  N.E.  of  Plocrmol.     Pop.  1696. 

Neapolis,  tho  ancient  name  of  Nabal. 

Neapolis,  an  ancient  name  of  Nabloos. 

Neapolis,  an  ancient  name  of  Naples. 

Neapolis,  island  of  Sardinia.     Seo  Oristaxo. 

Neapolis,  tho  ancient  name  of  Scala  Nova. 

Neapolis,  an  ancient  name  of  Keneh. 

Neap'olis,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lucas  co.,  0.,  on  the  Wa- 
bash Railroad,  21  miles  W.S.W,  of  Toledo,  It  has  a  church. 

Near'man,  a  station  in  Wyandotte  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  6  miles  N,W.  of  Wyandotte. 

Neath,  necth,  a  river  of  Wales,  rises  S.W.  of  the  Breck- 
nock Beacon,  and,  after  a  S.S.W.  course  of  20  miles,  enters 
the  Bristol  Channel  2i  miles  S.  of  Neath,  to  which  it  is 
navigable  fbr  vessels  of  300  or  400  tons.  Throughout  most 
of  its  length  it  is  accompanied  by  the  Neath  Can.al. 

Neath  (anc.  Nidum?),  a  town  of  Wales,  co.  of  Glamor- 
gan, 7  miles  N.E.  of  Swansea,  on  the  navigable  river  Neath, 
at  a  railway  junction.  It  h.as  a  town  hall,  a  workhouse, 
and  extensive  copper-  and  iron-foundries  and  collieries,  the 
produce  of  which,  as  well  as  the  mining  produce  brought 
from  the  interior  by  canal,  is  largely  exported.  The  borough 
unites  with  Swansea,  <fcc.,  in  sending  one  member  to  the 
House  of  Commons.     Pop.  11,157. 

Neath,  a  post-office  in  Pike  township,  Bradford  co..  Pa., 
about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Binghamton.     It  has  a  church. 

Neatsville,  nects'vll,  a  post-village  of  Adair  eo.,  Ky., 
near  Green  River,  about  66  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lexington. 

N6au,  the  French  name  of  Eupes. 

Neave,  neev,  a  township  of  Darke  co.,  0.  Pop.  1093. 
It  contains  Fort  Jefferson  and  Weaver's  Station. 

Neb'lett's  Landing,  post-office,  Bolivar  00.,  Miss. 

Ne'bo,  a  post-office  of  Benton  00.,  Ark. 

Nebo,  a  post-office  of  Paulding  co.,  Ga. 

Nebo,  a  post-village  in  Spring  Creek  township.  Pike  co., 
111.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  14  miles  E.  of  Louisi- 
ana, Mo.,  and  45  miles  W.S.W.  of  Jacksonville.  It  has  2 
churches,  2  hotels,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  about  450. 

Nebo,  a  post-village  of  Hopkins  co.,  Ky.,  10  miles  W. 
of  Madisonville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  and  4 
tobacco-stemmeries. 

Nebo,  a  post-office  of  Laclede  co..  Mo. 

Nebo,  a  hamlet  of  Platte  00.,  Neb.,  10  miles  N.  of  Co- 
lumbus.    It  has  a  church. 

Nebo,  a  post-office  of  McDowell  00.,  N.C. 

Nebo,  a  post-bamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  0.,  9  miles  S.  of 
Balineville.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Nebo,  a  station  of  Mahoning  co.,  0.,  on  the  Lawrence 
Branch  Railroad,  5i  miles  S.E.  of  Youngstown. 


Nebra,  ni'bri,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  19  milM 
W.S.W.  of  Merseburg,  on  tho  Unstrut.     Pop.  2527. 

Nebras'ka,  a  N.W.  central  slate  of  tho  American 
Union,  bounded  N.  by  South  Dakota,  E.  by  Iowa,  8.  by 
Kansas  and  Colorado,  and  W.  by  Colorado  and  Wyoiuin/ 
Tho  extreme  length  E.  and  W.  is  424  miles,  and  tho  groiito«t 
width  210  miles.  Area,  77.510  square  mile.i.  lu  S.  line 
is  formed  by  the  43d  parallel  of  N.  lat.  atul  the  Mimuuri 
River,  which  stream  also  washes  its  whole  eastern  border. 
The  southern  line  strikes  westward  along  the  parallel  of 
40°  N.  to  tho  meridian  of  102°  W.  from  Greenwich,  tbeOM 
N.  to  41°  N.  lat.,  then  again  westward  to  104°  W.  Ion. 
and  again  northward  to  lat.  43°  N.  ' 

Face  of  the  Ci/uutrj/. — Tho  grejitcr  part  of  Nebraska  is  % 
gently  undulating,  monotonous  plain,  with  a  slight  cnrt- 
ward  inclination,  and  as  a  whole  the  state  is  but  scantily 
supplied  with  timber.  In  the  extreme  N.W.  there  are 
some  hills,  and  near  the  Missouri  bluffs  occur.  The  deeply 
interesting  but  hopelessly  barren  Muuvahes  Terrct,  or  bud 
Lands,  occupy  but  a  relatively  siiuill  area  in  Nebraska, 
being  situated  in  the  N.W,,  in  a  basin  whose  surface  is  cov 
ered  with  marvellously  formed  mivsses  of  clay,  stnndin 
erect,  and  occasionally  reaching  tipward  more  than  200  feci" 
with  intricate  labyrinthine  passages  between.  This  strnnge 
and  desolate  tract  abounds  in  interesting  fossil  remains. 
Eastward  of  this  region,  and  S.  of  the  Niobrara,  there  is  a 
tract  covered  with  sand-hills,  but  capable  of  affording  pas. 
turage  in  the  proper  season.  In  the  Upper  Niobrara  val- 
ley  there  is  some  forest-land,  with  yellow  pine  limber, 
while  elsewhere,  especially  eastward,  tho  watercourses  are 
fringed  with  Cottonwood,  hackberry,  box-elder,  elm,  walnut, 
chicot,  ash,  oak,  and  other  trees.  Berry-bearing  shrubs, 
wild  grape-vines,  and  the  wild  plum  are  abun<lant. 

Gtology. — Southeastern  Nebraska  is  underlaid  by  the  coal 
measures ;  but  its  coals  are  mostly  "  pinched  out,"  and  lie  in 
very  thin  layers,  which  cannot  be  worked  to  advantage. 
They  have,  nevertheless,  afforded  a  scanty  supply  of  fuel  of  a 
tolerable  quality.  The  greater  part  of  Eastern  Nubrafka 
is  covered  by  cretaceous  strata,  and  of  tho  western  scclion  by 
tertiary  (largely  pliocene)  deposits;  and  along  the  Missouri 
there  are  bluffs  of  tho  loess,  referred  to  quaternary  times, 
There  are  many  richly  fossilifcrous  strata  in  the  state.  Il 
is  believed  that  in  the  Dakota  group  of  the  crctaceoui 
there  arc  workable  beds  of  brown  lignite,  which  is  some- 
times a  useful  fuel.  Good  limestone,  sandstone,  and  gyp- 
sum exist  in  abundance  and  afford  building-materials, 
Fictile  and  other  clays  are  common.  There  are  numerous 
salines  in  the  state,  some  of  which  already  afford  a  gooj 
supply  of  salt,  mainly  obtained  by  evaporating  the  brines. 

Jiivers. — Besides  the  streams  already  named,  the  princi- 
pal rivers  are  the  broad  and  shallow  Platte,  with  its  North, 
South,  and  Loup  Forks,  tho  Pawnee  Loup,  the  Elk  Horn, 
Lodge  Pole  Creek,  the  Republican,  the  Saline,  and  the  Bij 
and  Little  Blue  Rivers.  None  of  the  streams  are  navigatct 
except  the  Missouri. 

Ayricultural  Itesourcea,  Climate,  dbc.  —  Nebraska  bat 
Lately  taken  a  prominent  place  as  an  agricultural  slnte. 
Tho  eastern  counties  have  everywhere  a  deep  and  fertilt 
soil,  naturally  covered  with  a  tough  sod,  which  is  some- 
times utilized  as  a  fencing-material.  Farther  wcslware 
the  bottom  and  lower  bench-lands  along  the  streams  an 
generally  chosen  for  cultivation,  tho  upland  plains  afford' 
ing  the  best  of  pasturage.  Tho  blue-joint  of  the  uplandi 
and  the  tide  grass  of  the  bottoms  are  excellent  wild  poS' 
turo-  and  hay-grasses.  Those  lands  which  are  broken  b 
"draws,"  or  ravines,  are  especially  prized  by  the  graziei 
because  they  arc  cheap  and  almost  always  afford  watci 
while  in  winter  tho  draws  shelter  the  stock  from  thi 
severe  winds.  The  principal  drawbacks  to  agriculture  hav( 
been  the  occasional  severe  visitations  of  the  "  hateful  grass 
hopper"  (Culopteuus  epretiie),  which  is  a  true  locust.  Th 
western  part  of  tho  state  has  been  regarded  as  spcciall. 
liable  to  drought,  but  it  is  assorted  that  as  agriculture  ad 
vances  westward  tho  rainfall  increases.  The  principa 
railroads  afford  lumber  and  excellent  Iowa  and  Uock'j] 
Mountain  coal  at  very  low  prices  for  the  purpose  of  stiiim 
lating  immigration  and  tho  sale  of  their  grant-laml- 
Indian  corn,  spring  wheat,  rye,  oats,  barley,  potatoes,  bi:: 
ter,  sorghum,  tobacco,  wool,  and  live-stock  are  Icadii 
products.  Apples,  peaches,  grapes,  and  the  small  fru. 
and  root  crops  do  remarkably  well.  Some  flaxseed  an' 
castor-beans  are  produced  for  oil.  Hay  is  sent  wcstwan 
by  rail  from  the  Platte  Valley.  Much  attention  has  becif 
given  to  tree-planting,  which  is  encouraged  by  state  Icgis 
lation,  and  the  results  are  thus  far  very  encouraging.  Nc 
braska  is  liable  to  severe,  though  unfrequent,  winter  storm- 
for  which  the  settler  must  duly  prepare.    Cattle  and  horse 


KEB 


1941 


NEC 


lo  not  require  much  protection  or  much  hand-feeding  in 
vinter,  and  often  receive  none  at  all.  More  than  150  spe- 
•ics  of  wild  grass  have  been  described. 

Manufactures  have  wonderfully  increased,  but  are  carried 
in  chiefly,  as  yet,  for  the  supply  of  local  needs.  Among 
ho  articles  produced  may  bo  specified  farm-implements, 
vagons,  boots,  shoes,  lumber,  cooperage,  furniture,  bricks, 
iks,  salt,  lime,  flour,  meal,  syrup,  harness,  soap,  candles, 
obacco,  cigars,  metallic  wares,  <fcc. 

Railroads. — In  1865  the  first  railroad  trains  were  run  in 
he  state,  and  there  were  reported  122  miles  of  track;  in 
S70,  705  miles;  in  1880,  1953  miles;  and  in  1890,5407 
lilies.  Three  important  lines  cross  the  state  from  E.  to 
,V.,  with  numerous  branches  N.  and  S.  Omaha  is  the 
ninoipal  railroad  centre;  and  at  this  jioint  an  iron  railway 
iiiJgo  crosses  the  Missouri  to  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa,  con- 
iccting  the  railroad  system  of  the  great  plains  with  that 
if  Iowa  and  the  East. 

Finances. — In  1890  the  state  had  a  bonded  debt  of  $449,- 
;G7.35  (nearly  all  being  due  to  the  school  fund),  and  a  total 
aluation  of  property  of  $184,770,304.54,  about  one-half  of 
vhich  was  the  assessed  value  of  lands. 

The  Counties  are  91  in  number,  viz.,  Adams,  Antelope, 

Arthur,  Banner,  Blaine,  Boone,  Boyd,  Boxbutte,  Brown, 

Uifl'alo,  Burt,  Butler,  Cass,  Cedar,  Chase,  Cherry,  Cheyenne, 

hiy,  Colfax,  Cuming,   Custer,   Dakota,   Dawes,   Dawson, 

)euel,  Dixon,  Dodge,  Douglas,  Dundy,  Fillmore,  Franklin, 

"lontier,  Furnas,  Gage,  Garfield,  Gosper,  Grant,  Greeley, 

lall,  Hamilton,  Harlan,  Hayes,  Hitchcock,  Holt,  Hooker, 

lonard,  Jefferson,  Johnson.  Kearney,  Keith,  Keya  Paha, 

vimball,  Knox,  Lancaster,  Lincoln,  Logan,  Loup,  Mcl'her- 

011,  Madison,  Merrick,  Nance,   Nemaha,  Nuckolls.  Otoe, 

'Pawnee,  Perkins,  Phelps,  Pierce,  Platte,  Polk,  Red  AVillow, 

ilichardson,  Hock,  Saline,  Sarpy,  Saunders,  Scotts    Bluff, 

neward,    Sheridan,    Sherman,    Sioux,    Stanton,    Thayer, 

Thonias,  Thurston,  Valley,  Washington,  Wayne,  Webster, 

tViieeler,  York. 

The  principal  towns  are  Omaha,  on  the  Missouri,  the 
ailroad  centre  and  metropolis  of  the  state  (pop.  in  1890, 
40,452);  Lincoln,  the  capital  (55,154);  Beatrice  (13,836), 
lastings  (1.3,584),  Nebraska  City  (11,494),  Plattsmouth 
S:;92),  Kearney  (8074),  South  Omaha  (8062),  Grand 
sland  (7536),  Fremont  (6747),  and  many  growing  places 

eh  as  York,  Columbus,  North  Platte,  Norfolk,  Fairbury, 
loidredge,  Jfcc. 

Education  has  attracted  much  nttontion  ever  since  the 

■ttlement  of  the  state,  and  the  legislation  upon  the  subject 

as  been  intelligent,  effectual,  and  well  seconded  by  the 

icople.    There  is  a  large  permanent  school  fund ;  moneys 

fre  raised  by  general  and  local  taxation,  and  a  generous 

'  larc  of  the  public  lands  of  the  state  has  been  set  apart  for 

;hool  purposes.     State,  county,  and  local  superintendents 

ave  oversight  of  educational  affairs.     Graded  and  high 

■hools  are  maintained  in  the  principal  towns.     There  is  a 

ate  normal  school  at  Peru.     Lincoln  is  the  seat  of  the 

bcrally  endowed  and  well-organized  state  university,  to 

Inch  the  state  agricultural  college  is  afliliated.     At  Ne- 

raska  City  is  Nebraska  College  and  divinity  school  (Prot- 

tant  Episcopal) ;   and  Doane  College,  at  Crete,  is  a  Con- 

egationalist  institution,  open  to  pupils  of  either  sex.  At 
;iiaha  stands  a  free  state  school  for  deaf-mutes.  The 
iture  of  the  public  schools  of  Nebraska  is  full  of  promise. 

Constitution,  &c. — The  constitution  was  adopted  in  1866. 
he  legislature  meets  biennially,  and  the  length  of  the 
•>jion  is  limited  to  40  d.ays.  Judicial  oflScers  are  elected, 
id  serve  for  limited  terms.  The  state  has  now  8  electoral 
ales  and  6  members  of  the  lower  house  of  Congress.    There 

a  state  penitenti.ary  at  Lincoln,  an  asylum  for  the  blind 
.-  Nebraska  City,  and  an  asylum  for  the  insane  at  Lincoln, 
jhe  school  for  deaf-mutes  at  Omaha,  and  the  other  state 
(istitutions,  have  been  already  mentioned. 
I  History. — Nebraska  formed  successively  a  part  of  the 
jsuisiana  and  Missouri  territories  until  1854,  when  the 
t  issouri  Compromise  was  repealed  and  the  famous  Ne- 
;iska  bill  was  passed  by  Congress  after  a  long  and  exciting 
ilitieal  struggle.    The  general  interest  in  the  political  fate 

Kansas  for  some  years  drew  the  stream  of  immigrants  to 
at  quarter  rather  than  to  Nebraska,  which  was  not  ad- 
ilted  as  a  state  until  1867.  Since  that  time,  and  especially 
Qce  the  construction  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  the 
crease  of  the  state  in  wealth  and  population  has  been  very 
markable.  Occasional  severe  visitations  of  locusts  have 
von  check  to  the  immigration,  but  such  interruptions  have 
;en  merely  temporary,  and  it  is  believed  that  the  evil 

question  will  disappear  as  civilization  and  agriculture 
Ivance  and  occupy  the  great  plains  eastward  of  the  llocky 

ountains. 


The  Population  in  1860  was  28,841,  at  which  time  the 
territory  had  an  area  much  greater  than  the  present  state; 
in  1870,  122,993,  including  but  very  few  of  the  7528  In- 
dians; in  1880,  452,402;  in  1890,  1,058,910,  including  695 
persons  in  Boyd  county,  organized  in  1891,  and  formerly  a 
part  of  South  Dakota.  The  number  of  Indians  on  the  two 
reservations  in  1890  was  3751. 

Nebraska,  a  river  of  North  America.    See  Platte. 

Nebraska,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  Ark. 

Nebraska,  township,  Livingston  co..  111.     Pop.  1162. 

Nebraska,  a  post-village  of  Jennings  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Campbell  township,  on  the  Ohio  <fc  Mississippi  Railroad,  62 
miles  W.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  a  saw-mill,  2  or  3  stores,  2 
churches,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  300. 

Nebraska,  a  township  of  Page  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  669. 

Nebraska,  a  hamlet  of  Hyde  co.,  N.C.,  90  miles  N.E. 
of  New-Berne.     It  has  a  church. 

Nebraska,  a  post-village  in  Walnut  township,  Pick- 
away CO.,  0.,  about  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Columbus. 

Nebraska,  a  post-hamlet  of  Forest  co..  Pa.,  on  Tionesta 
Creek,  6  miles  E.  of  Tionesta,  and  about  20  miles  S.E.  of 
Titusville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Nebraska,  a  post-hamlet  of  Appomattox  co.,  Va.,  at 
Appomattox  Station  on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  <fc  Ohio 
Railroad,  23  miles  E.  of  Lynchburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Nebraska  City,  the  capital  of  Otoe  co..  Neb.,  is  situ- 
ated on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  Ne- 
braska Railroad,  which  connects  here  with  a  branch  of  the 
Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  opposite  East  Ne- 
braska City,  about  74  miles  below  Omaha,  and  222  miles 
above  Leavenworth.  By  railroad  it  is  57  miles  E.  by  S.  of 
Lincoln,  44  miles  S.  of  Omaha,  and  160  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Kansas  City,  Mo.  Lat.  40°  40'  8"  N. ;  Ion.  95°  41'  44"  W. 
In  1870  it  was  the  second  city  of  the  state  in  population. 
Large  steamboats  navigate  the  river  above  and  below  this 
pla<;e.  The  city  contains  the  Nebraska  College  (E])iscopal), 
which  was  organized  in  1863,  a  court-house,  2  public  halls, 
about  12  churches,  2  national  banks,  1  other  bank,  2  high 
schools,  the  Academy  of  the  Annunciation,  2  flour-mills,  an 
elevator,  a  foundry,  a  machine-shop,  a  tannery,  manufac- 
tories of  beer,  bricks,  carriages,  cigars,  ploughs,  soap,  Ac, 
and  printing-offices  which  issue  1  or  2  daily  and  2  weekly 
newspapers.     It  is  lighted  with  gas.     Pop.  in  1890,  11,494. 

Nebraska  City  Junction,  Iowa.  See  East  Ne- 
braska Cirr. 

Nebrissa,  the  ancient  name  of  Lebuija. 

Ncce'da,  or  Nece'dah,  a  small  river  of  Juneau  co  , 
Wis.,  runs  southward,  and  enters  the  Yellow  River  about  3 
miles  from  its  mouth. 

Necedah,  a  post-village  in  Necedah  township,  Juneau 
CO.,  AVis.,  on  the  Yellow  River,  about  50  miles  N.W.  of 
Portage  City,  and  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  New  Lisbon.  It 
is  partly  supported  by  the  lumber-business.  It  has  a  church, 
3  saw-mills,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  pail-factory.  Here  are  valu- 
able cranberry-marshes.    P.  (1890)  1709;  of  township,  2242. 

Necessidades,  nd-sSs-se-di'dSs,  or  Santo  Anto- 
nio, sin'to  dn-to'ne-o,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state  of  Santa 
Catharina,  6  miles  N.  of  Desterro.     Pop.  300. 

Neces'sity,  a  post-ofiice  of  Marshall  co.,  Ala. 

Nechanitz,  nfiK'l-nits\  or  Neu-Nechanitz,  a  town 
of  Bohemia,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Koniggriitz.     Pop.  2017. 

Nechanitz,  nek-an'its,  or  Nochauitz,  nok-an'its,  a 
post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Tex. 

Nechara,  n4-ch4'ri,  a  large  village  of  Beloochistan, 
province  .and  16  miles  S.E.  of  Kelat. 

Neche,  ni'che,  a  post-office  of  Pembina  co.,  N.D. 

Neches  (netch'iz)  River,  Te.xas,  rises  in  Van  Zandt 
CO.,  and  runs  alternately  southward  and  southeastward.  It 
forms  the  S.W.  boundary  of  the  cos.  of  Cherokee  and  An- 
gelina, below  which  it  runs  southward  and  separates  Jasper 
CO.  from  the  cos.  of  Tyler  and  Hardin.  It  enters  Sabine 
Lake  about  3  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  Sabine,  and  15 
miles  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.     Length,  about  350  miles. 

Nechesville,  netch'iz-vil,  a  post-office  of  Anderson 
CO.,  Tex.,  at  Neches  Station  on  the  International  &  Great 
Northern  Railroad,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Palestine.  Here  are 
a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Nechow,  nd^chow',  a  town  of  China,  province  of  Che- 
Kiang,  on  the  main  road  between  Hoei-Choo  and  Ning- 
Po.     Pop.  from  20,000  to  30,000. 

Neckalofa,  nSk-ki-lo'f&,  or  Niukalofa,  ne-oo-k&< 
lo'fl,  a  town  on  the  island  of  Tonga,  one  of  the  Friendly 
Islands.  The  most  conspicuous  objects  are  the  churches, 
under  the  direction  of  Wesleyan  missionaries.     Pop.  2000. 

Neckar,  nik'kar,  or  Necker,  nfik'k^r  (anc.  Ni'cer),  a 
river  of  Germany,  rises  in  the  mountains  of  the  Schwarz- 
wald  (WUrtemberg),  on  the  frontiers  of  Baden,  flows  gen« 


NEC 


1042 


NEE 


•ntlly  N.  und  W.  to  Mannheim,  wher«  it  joins  the  Rhine 
nn  tlio  ugUt.     Length,  210  inilos.    Chief  affluent,  the  Jaxt. 

Nocknrnn,  n6k'k4-r5w\  a  village  of  Badon,  on  an 
Island  in  thu  Khino,  near  the  oontluence  of  the  Neoliivr,  2^ 
mi  lea  S.  of  Mannheim.     Pop.  387tf. 

Ncckar-CieinUnd,  nAk'tf^r-gh^h-mtint',  a  tovrn  of 
Baden,  nt  the  oontliicnoo  of  the  Elsonc  with  the  Neokar,  17 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Mannheim.     Pop.  2IU3. 

Nccknr>Stcinach,  n£k'kar-sti'n&K,  a  town  of  IIosso, 
in  Sturkonburg,  C  miles  K.  of  Heidelberg.     Pop.  137tf. 

Ncckarsulnit  ndk'ki^r-sddlm^  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg, 
oircle  of  Xecknr,  at  the  coniluonco  of  the  Sulm  with  the 
Neokar,  30  miles  N.  of  Stutt.^art.  Pop.  2640.  It  has  a 
castle,  nnd  maniifucturos  of  leather  and  tobaoco. 

Nccknrtciizlingen,  nik'kar-tAnt-sling'^n,  a  Tillage 
of  WUrtomborg,  Sohwarzwald,  near  Niirtingon.     Pop.  106i. 

Neckarthailfingen,  nik'kant-hirfing-^n,  a  village 
of  Wiirtciuborg,  4  miles  S.W.  of  NUrtingcn,  on  the  Neckar. 

Neckcr,  a  river  of  Germany.    See  Neckar. 

Necker,  nik'k^r,  an  island  in  the  Paciflc,  lat.  23°  34' 
N.,  Ion.  164°  37'  W.,  a  more  rook,  about  600  yards  long 
and  360  foot  high.     It  was  once  covered  with  guano. 

Ncc'tar,  a  post-hamlet  of  Blount  oo.,  Ala.,  7  miles  £. 
of  Bangor  Station.     It  has  3  churches. 

Ne'cum  Tench,  a  post-village  in  Halifax  oo.,  Nova 
6coti:i,  on  the  soa-coast,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Shcrbrooke. 

Ncdde,  nfidd,  a  village  of  Franco,  in  Ilauto-Vionne,  28 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Limoges.     Pop.  1770. 

Nedcnacs,  or  Nedenes,  nd'd^h-n^^  an  amt  or  bail- 
iwick of  Norway,  having  S.E.  the  Skagor-Rack.  Area, 
4650  square  miles.  Pop.  73,415.  Chief  towns,  Arendal, 
Qrimstad,  and  Lillesand. 

Nedcrbrakel,  nA'dgr-bri^k^l,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in 
East  Flanders,  17  miles  S.S.E.  of  6hent.     Pop.  3820. 

Nedcrhasselt,  nd'd^r-hJls^SQlt,  a  village  of  Belgium, 
in  East  Flanders,  on  the  Molenbook,  22  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Ghent.     Pop.  1200. 

Nc'derland,  a  post-villago  of  Boulder  co.,  Col.,  near 
the  Snowy  Range,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Boulder  City.  It  has 
a  church.     Gold  is  found  hero. 

Ncderlapden.    See  Netherlands. 

Nederwcert,  ni'd^r-^aint',  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  Limburg,  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Rocrmond.  Pop. 
of  commune,  4545. 

Ncder  Yssel,nA'd9r  i's^l,  a  branch  of  the  Leek,  which 
passes  Yssclstein,  Oudcwater,  and  Gouda,  and  joins  the 
Maas  (or  Mouse)  opposite  Ysselmonde.     Length,  30  miles. 

NciUcd,  nSd'jfiJ,  or  Nejd,  ndj'd  (I'.e.,  "  elevated  coun- 
try"), the  general  name  apjjicd  to  the  central  portion  of 
the  Arabian  peninsula.  Some  Arab  writers  use  the  name 
in  nn  abstract  sense,  and  speak  of  the  Nodjed-el-IIej4z  or 
the  Nedjed-cl-Yemen,  that  is  to  say,  the  inland  and  ele- 
vated region  of  Ilejdz  or  Yemen ;  but  ordinarily  the  word 
Nedjed  is  emj)loyed  without  nn  expletive,  to  signify  the 
country  in  the  interior,  enclosed  by  Hej.'iz,  Y'emen,  lladra- 
maut,  Omdn,  Lahsa,  and  the  Syrian  Desert.  A  great  part 
of  its  surface  is  sandy  desert,  interspersed  with  fertile  spots. 
The  hills  are  generally  wooded,  but  its  characteristics  are 
very  little  known.  It  furnishes  dromedaries  and  horses  of 
an  excellent  breed.  The  Wahabees  subjugated  all  the 
tribes  of  the  Nedjed,  and  at  present  the  name  Nedjed  is  fre- 
quently used  to  designate  the  central  Wahabce  kingdom, 
with  its  9  principal  provinces. 

Nedrigailov,  or  Nedrigailow,  n4-dre-ghI-lov',  a 
town  of  Russia,  government  and  100  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Kharkov,  on  the  Soola.     Pop.  6061. 

Ned's  Point,  the  E.  side  of  Mattapoisett  Harbor,  Buz- 
zard's Bay,  Mass.  It  contains  a  fixed  light,  40  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea. 

Ncede,  ni'd?h,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Qolder- 
land,  18  miles  E.  of  Zutphen.     Pop.  3066. 

Need'ham,  a  post-village  in  Needham  township,  Nor- 
folk CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  New  York  <fc  New  England  Railroad, 
12  miles  S.W.  of  Boston.  It  has  several  churches,  a  savings- 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  mnnut'actures  of  hosiery,  knit- 
guods,  blind-hinges,  swing-  and  hammock-chairs,  vinegar, 
nnd  cigars.  Here  are  fine  gardens  and  beautiful  scenery. 
The  township  is  bounded  on  the  S.  and  the  N.E.  by  Cbark'S 
River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Boston  &  Albany  Rail- 
road. It  contains  villages  nnraed  Grantville,  Highlandville, 
Charles  River  Village,  and  Wellesley.     Pop.  in  1890,  3035. 

Need'ham  Mar'ket,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Suf- 
folk, on  a  railway,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ipswich.    Pop.  1393. 

Needham's  Station,  a  post-ofiice  of  Johnson  co., 
Ind,,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Martinsville  with 
Pairland,  5  miles  E.N.E.  of  Franklin. 

Needles  (nee'dl'z),  The,   a  cluster  of  three  pointed 


rooks  in  the  English  Channel,  W.  of  the  Isle  of  Wighl 
The  Needles  Liqht,  on  the  W.  extremity  of  the  Iile  oi 
Wight,  is  in  lat.  50°  39'  54"  N.,  Ion.  1°  34'  W.j  elevation 
469  feet. 

Noed'mere,  a  hamlet  of  Eaton  oo.,  Mich.,  in  Chest« 
and  Ro.xana  townships,  9  miles  N.  of  Charlotte.  It  ba«  i 
church,  a  saw-mill,  and  2  stores.  Pop.  about  lUU.  Uoro  I 
Roxnna  Post-OlBco. 

Need'niore,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  co.,  Ind.,  tbou 
38  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Indianapolis.     It  has  3  churches 

Necdmore,  a  post-office  of  Fulton  co..  Pa. 

Ncedinore,  a  post-oflioo  of  Buchanan  co.,  Va. 

Nedoontivoe,  an  island  near  Ceylon.    See  Delft. 

Necd'wood,  an  ancient  royal  forest  of  England,  co 
of  Stafford*   It  presents  some  fine  remains  of  forest  scenery 

Needy,  a  post-ofiice  of  Clackamas  co.,  Oregon. 

Nce-e-Gata,  or  Niigata,  nee'ee-gl'ti,  a  city  am 
open  port  of  Japan,  on  the  W.  coast  of  llondo,  225  mile 
N.N.AV.  of  Tokio.  It  is  well  laid  out,  and  part  of  its  street 
are  traversed  by  canals.  It  has  petroleum-wells,  and  a  goo< 
inland  and  coa«ting  trade  in  petroleum,  but  its  harbur  i 
defective,  and  its  exports  by  sea  (chielly  silk,  silk-worini 
oggs,  and  tea)  are  not  large.  It  has  a  prison,  barrecka 
hospital,  and  manufactures  of  arms,  ammunition,  wooUeai 
cottons,  <tc.     Pop.  in  1890,  46,353. 

Neekoospara,  the  Indian  name  of  the  Wisconsin 

Nee'ley  Town,  a  hamlet  on  the  Montgomery  A  Erii 
Railroad,  in  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Montgomery 

Neelghcrry,  mountains  of  India.    See  NEiLGBEnnr. 

Ncelung,  or  Nilung,  nee'lung'  or  nceMoong',  writtei 
also  Niliin,  a  village  of  Thibet,  in  lat.  31°  6'  N.,  Ion.  78' 
59'  E.,  11,127  feet  above  the  sea, 

Necly's  (nco'liz)  Land'ing,  a  post-office  of  Cap 
Girardeau  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Mississippi  lliver,  about  9  mile 
below  Grand  Tower. 

Nee'lyville,  a  post-village  of  Morgan  co..  III.,  nea 
Necly's  Station  on  the  Quincy  Branch  of  the  Wabash  Ilail 
road,  14  miles  W.  of  Jacksonville.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Neclysville,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co..  Mo.,  on  thi 
Cairo  &  Fulton  Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of  Poplar  Bluff. 

Neclysville,  Morgan  co.,  0.    See  New  Castle. 

Necniahcira,  nce-mjl-hl'rfl.,  a  town  of  India,  20  mile 
S.  of  Chittoor.     Lat.  24°  38'  N. ;   Ion.  74°  50'  E. 

^ecmbucu,  nA-dm-boo-koo',   or    Pilar,  pe-lan', 
port   of  entry   of  Paraguay,  in   a   marshy  tract  on  thi 
Parana,   170  miles  direct   (or  about  220  miies  by  water 
W.S.W.  of  Asuncion. 

Necmla,  necm'l&,  or  Nimba,  nim'b&,  a  town  ol 
Afghanistan,  5  miles  E.  of  Gundamuck.  Lat.  34°  IS'  K. 
Ion.  70°  8'  E. 

Necm'ra,  a  village  of  Sinde,  44  miles  N.  of  Larkhana 

Ncemrc'a  Hoo'scupore',  a  town  of  India,  North 
West  Provinces,  division  of  Rohilcund.     Pop.  5339. 

Neemiitch,  nee'nmch',  a  town  of  India,  Rajpootana 
36  miles  S.E.  of  Chittoor.     Lat.  24°  27'  N. ;  Ion.  75°  E. 

Nee'nah,  a  hamlet  of  Stearns  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  Mi» 
sissippi  River,  abuut  9  miles  below  St.  Cloud. 

Nccnah,  a  city  of  Winnebago  co..  Wis.,  in  Ncenal 
township,  on  the  left  or  S.  bank  of  Fox  River,  which  her( 
issues  from  Lake  Winnebago  nnd  separates  Neenah  fron 
Menasha,  and  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  a 
its  junction  with  the  AVisconsin  Central  Railroad,  30  milei 
N.  of  Fond  du  Lac,  and  35  miles  S.W.  of  Green  Bay.  I 
contains  II  churches,  a  high  school,  a  national  bank,' 
newspaper  oflices,  6  flouring-mills,  3  paper-mills,  scvcra 
saw-mills,  and  manufactures  of  sash,  blinds,  staves,  io.  Thi 
river  here  affords  great  water-power.  Steamboats  ply  be- 
tween Neenah  and  Fond  du  Lac.  Pop.  in  1890,  5083;  of 
the  township,  additional,  538. 

Neenah  River,  Wisconsin.    See  Fox  River. 

Nee*pancc',or  Nipani,nee*r)i-nee',  a  town  of  Indi^ 
district  and  50  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Belgaum.     Pop.  9371. 

Nee'per,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarke  co..  Mo.,  10  miles  S.W 
of  Cahoka. 

Neer,  nain,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Limburg, 
on  the  Mouse,  4  miles  N.  of  Roermond.     Pop.  1535. 

Neerheylissem,  naiii'hi'lis-s?m,  a  village  of  Bclgmm, 

in  South  Brabant,  31  miles  E.S.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1:00, 

N^erlande,  a  French  name  of  the  NETHEnLANDS. 

Neerlinter,  naiu'linH?r,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  SouU 
Brabant,  30  miles  E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  2180. 

Neermal,  neer'mul',  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Deccan, 
120  miles  N.  of  Hyderabad.  ! 

Neeroeteren,  niVoo't?h-rdn,  a  village  of  Belgiomj 
in  Limbourg,  60  miles  N.E.  of  Ilasselt.     Pop.  1600. 

Neerpelt,  naiR'p61t,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Limbourftj 
on  the  Dommel,  55  miles  N.  of  Hasselt.    Pop.  loW. 


NEE 


1943 


NEI 


Neers,  a  river  of  Prussia.    See  Niers. 

Neers'villCj  a  post-hamlot  of  Loudoun  CO.,  Va.,  5 
miles  S.  of  Harper's  Ferry. 

Neerwinden,  nai«'*inM?n,  or  Neerwinde,  nain'- 
(^inHl^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of  Liege,  2  miles 
!N.\\'.  of  Landen,  memorable  for  the  victory  gained  by  Mar- 
'sh'al  Luxembourg  over  the  army  of  William  IIL  of  England, 
July  29,  1693,  and  for  the  defeat  of  the  French  by  the 
Austrians,  March  18,  1793. 

Necryssche,  ni'ris'K^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Bra- 
jant,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Louvain.     Pop.  1300. 

Necthe,  a  river  of  Belgium.     See  N^the. 

Neetsville,  Adair  co.,  Ky.    See  Neatsyille. 

Neetuni,  an  ancient  city  of  Sicily,     See  Noto. 

Nelf,  a  j)ost-office  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind.,  about  28  miles 
^.Vi\  of  Kii'bmond. 

NeH''s,  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.    Sec  UxVIONville. 

NclPs  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa., 
iboiit  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Altoona.     Pop.  about  100. 

NclTs  Mills,  a  post-oflico  of  Salt  Lake  co.,  Utah. 

NeH's'ville,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  4i  miles 
^.  of  Lancaster.     It  has  a  church. 

Neft,  nJft,  or  Nefta,  n^f'ti,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Tunis, 
n  the  W,  side  of  Lake  Al  Sibkah  (Lowdeah),  20  miles 
i.S.AV.  of  Tozer.     Lat.  34°  12'  N. ;  Ion.  7°  55'  E. 

Neftenbnch,  n6f't?n-ba,K\  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
anton  and  N.N.E.  of  Zurich,  on  the  Toss.     Pop.  1436. 

Nefyn,  a  town  of  Wales.     See  Nevin. 

Neg'apatain',  or  Nag^apatam',  also  called  Naga- 
)attanam,  ni^gi-pit-ti-nim',  a  town  of  India,  on  the 
L'oromandel  coast,  16  miles  S.  of  Carrical,  province  and 
•8  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Tanjore.  It  has  manufactures  of 
Ml,  woollens,  silks,  and  cottons,  and  a  trade  by  sea.  It 
lands  in  the  Cavery  delta.     Pop.  48,525. 

Negau'iiee,  a  post-town  in  Negaunce  township,  Mar- 
luctte  CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Marquette,  Iloughton  <fc  Ontonagon 
iiiilroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Peninsular  division  of  the 
Ihioago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  of  Marquette, 
nd  176  miles  N.  of  the  city  of  Green  Bay.  It  is  on  a  ridge 
^Ilod  Iron  Jlountain,  about  900  feet  above  the  level  of 
lako  Superior.  Here  is  an  abundance  of  good  iron  ore, 
od  a  very  large  capital  is  here  invested  in  iron-mines, 
hich  in  prosperous  times  yield  about  200,000  tons  per 
Qnum,  Negaunee  has  a  large  blast-furnace,  a  national 
ink,  a  newspaper  office,  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of 

ining-powder,  charcoal,  and  nitro-glyccrine.     Pop.  6078. 

Negaunee,  township,  Marquette  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  646. 

Neg'ley,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa. 

Negom'bo,  a  town  of  Ceylon,  on  its  W.  coast,  18  miles 

.  of  Colombo.  Its  vicinity  produces  large  quantities  of 
ce,  with  pepper,  cocoa-nuts,  betel,  and  coffee. 

Negotina,  ni-go-tec'ni,  or  Negotin,  nd-go-teen',  a 

wn  of  Servia,  near  the  Danube,  19  miles  N.W.  of  AViddin. 

is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  gymnasium.     Pop.  4528. 

Negrais,  neghice',  an  island  and  harbor,  British  Bur- 

ah,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Bassein  River,  an  arm  of  the 

rawaddy. 

Negrar,  ni-gran',  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  N.  of 
lerona.     Pop.  2856. 

Negree-Orang-Boogis.    See  Celebes. 

Ne'greet',  a  post-office  of  Sabine  parish.  La. 
iNegrepelisse,  ni^grgh-p§h-leess',  a  town  of  France, 
I  Tarn-et-(jaronne,  on  the  Aveyron,  8  miles  E.N.E.  of 

ontauban.     Pop.  1058. 

Negril,  ne-gril',  Nouth  and  South,  two  headlands  of 

maica,  8  miles  apart:  the  latter,  in  lat.  18°  16'  N.,  Ion. 

"  22'  W.,  forms  the  W.  extremity  of  the  island. 

Negril  Bay,  a  port  and  village  of  Jamaica,  between 

3  Negril  headlands,  at  the  W.  end  of  the  island.     P.  522. 

Negro,  a  river  of  Italy.    See  Galore. 

Ne'gro  Foot,  a  post-office  of  Hanover  co.,  Va.,  about 

miles  N.W.  of  Richmond. 

Negro  Hill,  a  post-office  of  White  co.,  Ark. 

iVegropont.    See  Eubcea  and  Chalcis. 
jNegro,  Rio,  South  America.    See  Rio  Negro. 

Negros,  nd'groce,  one  of  the  Philippine  Islands,  Malay 

chipelago,  separated  by  narrow  channels  from  Panay  on 

>  N.W.  and  Zebu  on  the  S.E.,  and  extending  from  lat. 

I  3'  to  10°  58'  N.,  Ion.  122°  28'  to  123°  29'  E.     Length, 

1  miles;  average  breadth,  25  miles.     Pop.  225,873. 
jVegnac,  neg'oo^ak',  or  Neg^owac',  a  post-village  in 
i  rthumberland  co..  New  Brunswick,  on  a  river  of  the 

ne  name,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Chatham.     Pop.  150. 

Vegun'da,  a  post-office  of  Webster  co..  Neb. 

Ncgyed,  nSd'yfid',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  and  30 

les  from  Neutra,  on  the  Waag.     Pop.  3776. 

'  Veh,  nfih,  a  town  of  Persia,  175  miles  E.N.E.  of  Yezd. 


Neha'lem,  a  small  river  of  Oregon,  runs  W.,  and  cntorf 
the  Pacific  at  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Clatsop  co. 

Nehalem,  a  post-office  of  Tillamook  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Nehalem  River. 

Nehavend,  ni^hd-vSnd',  or  Nehawnnd,  ni^hil- 
wiind',  a  town  of  Persia,  in  Irak-Ajemee,  60  miles  S.  of 
Hamadan. 

Nehaw'ka,  a  post-office  of  Cass  co..  Neb. 

Neheim,  nd'hime,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  (J 
miles  N.W.  of  Arnsberg,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Miinno 
and  Ruhr.     Pop.  3291. 

N6hou,  ni^hoo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Manche,  6 
miles  S.V.\  of  Valognes.     Pop.  1950. 

Nehren,  ni'r?n,  a  village  of  WUrtembcrg,  circle  of 
Schwarzwald,  near  Tiibingen.     Pop.  1183. 

Nehrung,     See  Frische-IIafp  and  Curische-Hafp. 

Nclitour,  Nchtour,  or  Nahtor,  na-towr'  or  na-tOr', 
a  town  of  India,  20  miles  E.  of  Bijnaur.  *  Poj).  9392.' 

Neibsheim,  nibs'hime,  a  village  of  Baden,  circle  of 
Middle  Rhine,  bailiwick  of  Bretten.     Pop.  1199. 

Neidcnburg,  nl'd^n-boona*,  a  town  of  East  Prussia, 
24  miles  S.  of  Kiinigsborg.  Pop.  4259.  It  is  enclosed  by 
walls,  and  has  manufactures  of  v?oollens  and  leather. 

Neighbor's  (nA'burz)  Store,  a  post-office  of  Bedford 
CO.,  Va. 

Neighborvillc,  ni'bur-vll,  a  post-office  of  Norton  co., 
Kansas,  50  miles  N.  of  Trego. 

Neilgherry  or  Neelgherry  (neerghfir'rec)  Moun- 
tains, called  also  the  Neilgher'ries,  a  mountain-range 
of  Southern  India,  Madras  Presidency,  at  the  junction  of 
the  E.  and  W.  Ghauts,  where  they  occupy  an  area  of  about 
700  square  miles,  district  and  N.W.  of  Coimbatoor,  having 
on  the  S.  the  remarkable  Paulghautcherry  Pass.  Eleva- 
tion of  highest  peak,  9941  feet.  Among  these  hills  are  the 
stations  of  Ootacamund,  Kotagherry,  Dimhutty,  and  Coo- 
noor,  resorted  to  by  Europeans  on  account  of  the  eminent 
salubrity  of  their  climate.  (See  Mahableshwur  Hills.) 
The  dintrict  of  the  Neilgherries  has  an  area  of  749  square 
miles,  and  a  pop.  of  49,501.     Capital,  Ootacamund. 

Neill's  (neelz)  Creek,  a  township  of  Harnett  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  1137. 

Neillsville,  neelz'vll,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clark 
CO.,  Wis.,  in  Pine  Valley  township,  on  Black  River,  about 
50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Eau  Claire,  and  66  miles  N.N.E,  of  La 
Crosse.  It  has  a  high  school,  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
a  bank,  and  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  in  1890,  1936. 

Neil's,  a  station  in  Wayne  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Cincinnati, 
Hamilton  &  Richmond  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Richmond. 

Neilsburg,  neelz'burg,  a  post-office  of  Republic  co., 
Kansas,  50  miles  S.  of  Belvidere,  Neb. 

Neil's  Corners,  Quebec.    See  Gkanborougii. 

Neil's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ind. 

Neil's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  4 
miles  AV.  of  AVallace  Station. 

Neils'ton,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Renfrew,  5  miles 
S.  of  Paisley.     Pop.  1716. 

Neiu,  the  Arabic  name  of  Nain. 

Neir,  a  town  of  India.    See  Nair. 

Neirai,  or  Nairai,  ut'ri,  written  also  Nirie,  an  island 
of  the  South  Pacilic,  Feejee  group,  S.  of  Goro. 

Neirone,  ni-e-ro'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Genoa,  4  miles  from  Cicagna.     Pop,  3117. 

Ncishlot,  a  town  of  Finland.    See  Nyslott. 

Neisoukhoiji,  a  town  of  Russia.  SeoNiEsoocHATSCHi. 

Neisse,  ni'seh,  a  river  of  Germany,  flows  N.,  and  joins 
the  Oder  21  miles  S.S.E.  of  Frankfort.    Length,  115  miles, 

Neisse,  a  river  of  Prussian  Silesia,  flows  N.E.,  and  joins 
the  Oder  15  miles  N.W.  of  Oppeln.     Length,  98  miles, 

Neisse,  a  fortified  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  on  the 
Neisse,  30  miles  S.W,  of  Oppeln,  and  connected  by  railway 
with  Brieg,  29  miles  distant.  It  has  a  large  castle,  a  pal- 
ace, a  commandant's  residence,  circle  hall,  7  Roman  Catho- 
lic and  2  Lutheran  churches,  convents,  extensive  barracks, 
powder-mills  and  arsenals,  a  theatre,  several  hosjtitals,  a 
Roman  Catholic  college,  an  asylum  for  poor  Roman  Catholic 
clergy,  printing  establishments,  manufactures  of  linens  and 
woollens,  and  several  distilleries.     Pop.  19,533. 

Neithrop,  nl'thrgp,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Ox- 
ford, forming  a  suburb  of  Banbury.     Pop,  5741. 

Neiva,  Neva,  ni'vi,  Nitsa,or  Nitza,  nit'sl,  a  river 
of  Russia,  governments  of  Perm  and  Tobolsk,  rises  in  the 
E.  slope  of  the  Ural  Mountains,  35  miles  N.W.  of  Yekater- 
inboorg,  flows  E.S.E.,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  300  miles, 
joins  the  Toora. 

Neiva,  a  town  of  South  America.    See  Netta, 

Neive,  n4'e-vA,  or  Neze,  ndd'zi,  a  town  of  Italy,  proT- 
ince  of  Coni,  4  miles  N,E.  of  Alba.     Pop.  3067. 


KEJ 


1944 


NEM 


N(>jdf  a  (listriot  of  AmbU.    See  Nkdjbd. 

Nojiii,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Nezhekn. 

Ncka'mn,  a  poit-offico  of  Winnebago  co.,  Wis. 

Nckiraif  no-lcl'uil,  or  Neka'ma,  a  post-township  of 
Winnebago  eo.,  Wis.,  on  the  W.  side  of  Lalte  Winnebago, 
Is  intersected  bj  theChioago  it  Northwestern  Railroad,  and 
is  7  miles  S.W.  of  Oshltosh.     Pop.  1278. 

Ncko'dn,  a  post-hanilet  of  Perry  oo.,  Pa.,  about  30 
miles  N.N.W.  of  llarrisburg.     It  has  a  ohuroh. 

Neko'ma*  a  post-hatnlet  of  Henry  oo.,  III.,  on  the 
Oalva  <l  Kcithsburg  Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  A 
Quincy  lUilrood,  8  inilos  W.  of  Oalva.  It  has  2  ware- 
hoiisus  for  corn,  which  is  shipped  here. 

Nckvoroktcha,  nfik-vo-rok'chi,  written  also  Nekh- 
vorochtcha,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  32  miles 
S.  of  Poltava,  on  the  Orel. 

Neligh,  no'lig,  a  post-village  of  Antelope  co..  Neb.,  on 
the  KIkhorn  River,  about  36  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Norfolk. 
It  has  a  newspaper  oflSce,  a  hotel,  a  flouring-mill,  a  saw- 
mill, 4  stores,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1209. 

Ncllcstown,  nSllz'tfiwn,  or  Nelle's  Corners,  a  vil- 
lage in  [laldimand  oo.,  Ontario,  2  miles  from  Cayuga. 

JVellore,  ndriOr',  written  also  Neiluru  and  Ncllur, 
A  town  of  India,  on  the  Ponnar,  capital  of  a  district  of  its 
own  name,  l.^J  miles  from  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  and  98  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Madras.  Lat.  12<»  49'  N. ;  Ion.  80°  1'  E,  It  is 
a  busy  town,  with  extensive  suburbs.  ■  Pop.  29,922. 

Nellore,  a  district  of  British  India,  on  the  Bay  of  Bon- 
gal.     Area,  12,000  square  miles.     Pop.  846,672. 

Nel'ly's  Ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nelson  co.,  Va.,  11 
miles  N.W.  of  Rockflsh  Depot. 

Nel'son,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  4  miles 
by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Burnley.     Pop.  5580. 

Nelson,  a  city  of  New  Zealand,  on  Tasman  Bay,  near 
the  N.  end  of  the  South  island.  Lat.  41°  15' S.  Ithasaflne 
harbor,  is  a  railway  terminus,  and  is  handsomely  built,  with 
wide  streets  shaded  with  trees.  It  is  an  Anglican  bishop's 
see,  and  has  a  college  connected  with  the  university  of  Now 
Zealand,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  large  trade.     Pop.  5554. 

Nel'son,  a  colinty  of  Kentucky,  near  the  middle  of 
the  state.  Area,  about  380  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  S.W.  by  the  Rolling  Fork  of  Salt  River,  and  inter- 
sected by  Beech  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  an<l  is 
extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Good  Silurian  limestone  underlies  a  part  of  the 
soil.  This  county  is  intersected  by  several  branches  of  the 
Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  one  of  which  connects 
with  Bardstown,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  14,804,-  in 
1880.  16,609;  in  1890,  16,417. 

Nelson,  a  county  of  Virginia,  near  the  middle  of  the 
state.  Are.a,  about  375  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.W.  by  the  Blue  Ridge,  and  on  the  S.E.  by  James  River, 
and  is  partly  drained  by  Rockfish  Creek.  The  surface  is 
diversified  with  hills,  fertile  valleys,  and  extensive  forests. 
Indian  corn,  tobacco,  wheat,  and  oats  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Richmond  <k  Dan- 
ville Railroad,  and  by  the  James  River  Canal,  which  follows 
its  S.E.  border.  Capital,  Lovingston.  Pop.  in  1870, 13,898  ; 
in  1880,  16,536;  in  1890,  15,336. 

Nelson,  a  post-ofiSce  and  station  of  Butte  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Oregon  division  of  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  83 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Sacramento. 

Nelson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  111.,  in  Nelson  town- 
ship, on  Rock  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  <k  Northwestern 
Railroad,  6i  miles  S.W.  of  Dixon.  It  has  a  church.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  600. 

Nelson,  Moultrie  co..  111.     See  Farlow. 

Nelson,  a  station  in  Moultrie  co..  111.,  on  the  Kaskaskia 
River,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  Illin6is  Southern  Railroad,  30 
miles  S.E.  of  Decatur. 

Nelson,  a  post-office  of  Vigo  co.,  Ind.,  about  6  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Terre  Haute. 

Nelson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas,  in  Nelson 
township,  25  miles  N.AV.  of  Clay  Centre.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  387. 

Nelson,  a  post-oflSce  of  Muhlenburg  co.,  Ky.,  at  or 
near  Nelson  Creek  Station  on  the  Louisville  &  Paducah 
Railroad,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Owcnsborough  Junction. 

Nelson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  in  Nelson 
township,  about  22  miles  N.N.E.  of  Grand  Rapids.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  2361. 

Nelson,  a  township  of  Watonwan  co.,  Minn.     P.  355. 

Nelson,  a  station  on  the  Boonville  Branch  of  the  Mis- 
souri Pacific  Railroad,  21  miles  S.  of  Boonville,  Mo. 

Nelson,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co.,  Mo.,  is  near  the 
Mississippi  River,  15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Clarksrille. 


Nelson,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Nuckolls  co.,  Neb. 
about  18  miles  S.  of  Fairfield.  It  bos  a  church  and  ■ 
newspaper  office. 

Nelson,  a  post-township  of  Cheshire  oo.,  N.H.,  about 
10  miles  N.E.  of  Koone.  It  contains  Munsonvillo,  an 
academy,  and  a  cotton-factory.     Pop.  744. 

Nelson,  or  Nelson  Flats,  a  post-village  in  Nelson 
township,  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  about  22  miles  K.S.K.  of 
Syracuse.  It  has  2  churches.  The  township  oontaini 
another  village,  named  Erioville,  aud  has  several  eheeio- 
factories,  and  a  pop.  of  1662. 

Nelson,  a  post-hamlct  in  Nelson  township,  Portaf^oco 
0.,  about  30  miles  N.E.  of  Akron.  The  township  oontalni 
part  of  a  village  named  Qarrottsvillo,  and  has  manufft* 
tures  of  cheese.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1355. 

Nelson,  Mercer  co..  Pa.     See  Biustow, 

Nelson,  a  post- village  and  summer  resort  of  Tioga  co. 
Pa.,  in  Nelson  township,  on  the  Cowancsquo  Kiver,  and  <i't 
the  Corning,  Cowanesquo  &  Antrim  Railroad,  23  miles  S.W, 
of  Corning,  N.Y.  It  has  2  churches,  a  hotel,  a  tannery,  i 
flour-mill,  2  saw-mills,  a  chair-factory,  and  a  graded  school 
Pop.  of  the  township,  456. 

Nelson,  a  post-office  of  Hardin  oo.,  Tcnn. 

Nelson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bufl"alo  co.,  Wis.,  in  Nelson 
township,  on  tho  Chippewa  River,  near  its  mouth,  5  milei 
N.E.  of  Reed's  Landing,  Minn.,  and  about  38  miles  S.W 
of  Eau  Claire.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1503.  It  contains  i 
hamlet  named  Misha  Mokwa. 

Nel'son,  a  river-port  of  Now  Brunswick,  co.  of  North, 
umberland,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Miramichi,  about  S( 
miles  from  its  entrance  into  Miramichi  Buy,  and  opposite 
tho  town  of  Newcastle.  It  has  a  church,  3  stores,  and  sor 
eral  saw-mills.     Pop.  200. 

Nelson,  a  post-village  in  Ilalton  co.,  Ontario,  4  milei 
from  Wellington  Square.     Pop.  100. 

Nel'son,  an  island  of  Chagos  Archipelago,  Indiu 
Ocean.     Lat.  5°  40'  30"  S. ;  Ion.  72°  22'  E.  | 

Nelson,  a  port  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  Australia,  betwoct 
Brunswick  Bay  and  Prince  Regent  River.  Lat.  15°  6'  S, 
Ion.  125°  4'  E. 

Nelson,  a  district  of  West  Australia,  lat.  34°  S.,  loa 
116°  E.,  having  N.  Wellington  district. 

Nelson  Cape,  South  Australia,  bounds  Portland  Baj 
westward.     Lat.  38°  25'  54"  S.;  Ion.  141°  28'  E. 

Nel'son  Chan'nel,  between  Tasmania  and  King*! 
Island,  60  miles  across,  connects  Bass's  Strait  with  the 
Southern  Ocean. 

Nelson  Creek,  Kentucky.    See  Nblsov. 

Nelson  Fur'nace,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nelson  co.,  Ky, 
on  the  Louisville  <fc  Nashville  Railroad,  about  40  miles  S 
of  Louisville.     It  has  several  stores. 

Nelson  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Wilson  co.,  Tenn. 

Nelson  Island,  of  the  South  Shctl.ind  group,  Soutl 
Atlantic  Ocean.     Lat.  62°  15'  S. ;  Ion.  .')8°  50'  W. 

Nelson  Point,  a  post-office  and  trading-post  of  Plumoi 
CO.,  Cal.,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Quincy.    Gold  is  found  near  it. 

Nelson  River,  Canada.    See  Saskatciiewa.x. 

Nel'sonville,  a  post-office  of  Fninklin  co.,  Ala.,  2i 
miles  S.  of  Tuscumbia.     Here  is  a  church. 

Nelsonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  oo..  Mo.,  abou 
32  miles  N.W.  of  Hannibal.     It  hiis  2  churches. 

Nelsonville,  or  Alarysville,  a  village  of  Putnam  co. 
N.Y.,  1  mile  from  Cold  Spring.    It  has  a  church.    Pop.  541 

Nelsonville,  a  post-village  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  on  thi 
Hocking  River,  the  Hocking  Canal,  and  the  Columbus  i 
Hocking  Valley  Railroad,  62  miles  S.E.  of  Columbus,  am 
14  miles  N.W.  of  Athens.  Mining  coal  is  the  main  bust 
ness  of  this  place.  It  contains  a  bank,  3  churches,  a  news 
paper  office,  and  2  union  schools.     Pop.  in  1890,  4458. 

Nelsonville,  a  post-village  of  Austin  co.,  Tex.,  II 
miles  S.  of  Brenham.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Nelsonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  I'oitugc  co..  Wis.,  ii 
Amherst  township,  li  miles  from  Amherst  Junction  Station 

Nelsonville,  Quebec.    See  Cowansville. 

Nel'ta  Hoc,  a  post-office  of  Sevier  co..  Ark. 

Nemadji,  ne-maj'e,  a  small  river  of  Douglas  co..  Wis. 
runs  northeastward,  and  enters  Lake  Superior  at  the  towil 
of  Superior. 

Nemaha,  nee'ma-haw\  or  Big  Nemaha  Rivcri 
Neb.,  rises  near  the  S.  border  of  Lancaster  co.,  and  runj 
southeastward  through  the  cos.  of  Johnson,  Pawnee,  an< 
Richardson.  It  enters  the  Missouri  River  2  or  3  mile 
below  Rulo,  and  very  near  to  tho  S.E.  extremity  of  Ns 
braska.  It  is  about  150  miles  long,  and  traverses  a  ver; 
fertile  farming  country. 

Nemaha,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Kansas,  bordcri 
ing  on  Nebraska,  bos  an  area  of  720  square  miles.    It  i 


NEM 


1945 


NEP 


trained  by  the  Nemaha  and  Delaware  Rivers,  and  by  Illi- 
loia  and  Vermilion  Creeks.  The  surface  is  unduhiting, 
'ind  is  divcrsitied  with  prairies  and  groves  or  small  forests 
!)f  the  ash,  elm,  Cottonwood,  hickory,  oak,  black  walnut,  and 
jrther  trees.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
lats,  hay,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
jias  an  abundance  of  limestone  valuable  for  building.  It 
\a  intersected  by  the  Knnsas  City,  Wyandotte  <fc  North- 
^(festern  Kailroad,  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  the  Chi- 
j'ago.  Rock  I.iland  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  and  the  Union  Pacific 
jaailroad.  Capital,  Seneca.  Pop.  in  1870,  7339;  in  1880, 
;i2,462;  in  1890,  19,249. 

Nemnlia,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Nebraska,  bor- 
ilering  on  Missouri,  has  an  area  of  about  391  square  miles. 
t  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Missouri  River,  is  trav- 
rsed  fioin  N.W.  to  S.E.  by  the  Little  Nemaha  River,  and 
i.lso  drained  by  Muddy  Creek,     The  surface  is  undulating. 
jpbe  soil  is  deep,  calcareous,  and  very  fertile.     This  county 
iiontiiins  a  large  portion  of  prairie,  and  has  groves  of  the 
iah,  elm,  oak,  hickory,  walnut,  maple,  and  other  trees  dis- 
ributed  along  the  streams.    Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and 
ay  are  the  staple  products.    Coal  and  limestone  are  found 
1  this  county.    It  is  intersected  by  the  Burlington  <fe  Mis- 
)iiii  River  Railroad  and  the  Missouri   Pacific  Railroad, 
hich  connect  with   Auburn,  the  capital  of  the  county, 
i'op.  in  1870,  7593;  in  1880,  10,451;  in  1890,  12,930. 
1  Nemaha  City,  a  post-village  of  Nemaha  co.,  Neb.,  on 
16  Missouri  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Little  Nemaha,  27 
idles  by  rail  S.  by  E.  of  Nebraska  City,  and  10  miles  by 
iil  E,  by  S.  of  Auburn,     It  has  several  churches,  a  news- 
iper  office,  a  bank,  a  grain-elevator,  and  manufactures  of 
icks  and  tiles.     Pop.  about  450. 
Nemaha,  Little.    See  Little  Nemaha  Eivek. 
Nemaur,  a  district  of  India.    See  Nimar. 
Nemaiisus,  the  ancient  name  of  NImes. 
Nembro,  nSm'bro,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  5  miles 
E,  of  Bergamo,  on  the  Serio.     Pop.  3122. 
Ncmb«Shehr,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Ne(j-Shehh. 
Nem'ea,  a  village  of  Greece,  in  the  Morea,  13  miles 
W.  of  Corinth,  with  the  remains  of  a  temple  of  Jupiter 

1  other  antiquities. Adj.  Nemeak,  n6m'e-an.  ^ 

Nemctacum,  or  Neinctocenna.    See  Auras. 
Ncmetes,  an  ancient  name  of  Speyeu. 
Vemcthi-Szathmar.    See  Szathmar-Nemeth. 
Veincth- Lipcse,  nA^md't'-lip'chA\  or   Deutsch- 
Ittsch,  (loitch-Iiptch,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Liptau, 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Dries.     Pop.  2273. 
S'ciiieth-Ujvar,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  GUssixo. 
^fciiict-Kcresztur,  Hungary.  SccHeiligen-Kreuz. 
<cinet-Oiavic/a,  Hungary.    See  Oravicza, 
<emi,  n^'mee,  a  lake  and  village  of  Italy,  beside  the 
[lian  Way,  and  between  Albano  and  Velletri,  17  miles 
' '.  of  Rome.    The  lake  is  the  crater  of  an  extinct  vol- 
'  <\  5  miles  in  circumference,  and  surrounded  by  thick 
Ills,  which  were  in  ancient  times  famous  for  the  worship 
•  Uiana.    It  discharges  its  waters  by  a  tunnel  of  very 
8  lent  origin.    The  village  on  its  N.E.  margin  is  over- 
1  ted  by  a  feudal  castle. 
icmosia,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Limasol. 
iemours,  n§h-mooR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-et- 
I  "ne,  10  miles  S.  of  Fontainebleau.     It  is  surrounded  by 
t  Canal  du  Loing,  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  a  fine  old 
c  Ic,  and  manufactures   of  h.ats,  tanneries,    flour-mills, 
I  ble-works,  and  brick-  and  lime  kilns.     Pop.  3357. 
emza,  a  town  of  Moldavia.    See  Nyamtz. 
fCnagh,  ni'na,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Tipperary, 
nr  the  Nenagh  River,  an  affluent  of  the  Shannon,  13 
^  s  N.E.  of  Newport,    It  is  well  built,  and  has  remains  of 
a|)riuan  castle  and  ruins  of  a  monastery.     Pop,  5696. 
iendaz,  n^n'dits,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
\j.is,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Sion.     Pop,  of  parish,  2021. 
ieiie,  or  Nen,  n4n,  a  river  of  England,  rises  in  the  W. 
m  of  the  CO.  of  Northampton,  flows  N.E.,  and  enters  the 
J»j  h  Sea  at  the  Wa.sh.     Length,  90  miles.      It  communi- 
«; ;  by  the  Wisbeach  Canal  with  the  Ouse. 

jsnelaw,  ne'n§-law,  a  small  river  of  Michigan,  rises 
••r])lcona  co.,  runs  N.E.  and  N,,  and  enters  Thunder  Bay 
R  r  in  Alpena  co.,  about  7  miles  from  its  mouth. 

i;u'no,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co,,  Wis,,  on  Rock 
Ri  r. 

;!nokask,  or  Nenokazk,  ni-no-kisk',  called  also 
«!  oksa  and  Nenokotskoi,  a  small  seaport  of  Russia, 
owrchangel  Bay,  government  and  40  miles  W.  of  Arch- 
"jl.    Pop,  921. 

!  inzing,  nSnt'sing,  a  village  of  Austria,  Tyrol,  Vorarl- 
Ml  2  miles  E,  by  S.  of  Feldkirch.     Pop.  1158. 
lO  Cffisarea,  the  ancient  name  of  Niksab. 

■     123 


Neocastro,  a  town  of  Greece.    See  Navartxo. 

Neodesha,  ne^o-dc-shah',  a  post-village  in  Neodesha 
township,  Wilson  co.,  Kansas,  on  or  near  the  W.  bank  of 
the  Verdigris  River  and  the  N.  bank  of  Fall  River,  about 
14  miles  N.  of  Independence,  and  26  miles  W.  by  N.  of 
Parsons.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  savings-bank,  4 
churches,  2  flour-mills,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  an  iron- 
foundry.     Pop,  in  1890,  1228;  of  the  townshi)),  2365. 

Neo'ga,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co,,  111,,  in  Neoga 
township,  on  the  Chicago  Branch  of  the  Illinois  Central 
Railroad,  12  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Mattoon,  and  about  45 
miles  S.E.  of  Decatur.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded 
school,  2  flouring-mills,  and  a  money-order  post-office.  Pop, 
540  ;  of  the  township,  2285. 

Neograd,  ni'o-grit'  (Hun.  N6grAd,  no'gnld'),  a  town 
of  Hungary,  27  miles  N.  of  Pcsth.     Pop,  1444. 

Neograd,  or  Nograd,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  of  Hun- 
gary, bordering  southwestward  to  a  small  extent  on  the 
Danube.  Much  of  it  is  mountainous,  and  a  part  is  barren, 
but  the  valleys  are  generally  fertile.  Area,  1685  square 
miles.     Capital,  Balassa-Gyarmath.     Pop.  198,209. 

Neo'la,  a  post-village  of  Pottawattamie  co,,  Iowa,  in 
Neola  township,  near  Mosquito  Creek,  and  on  the  Chicago, 
Rock  Island  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  21  miles  N,E.  of  Council 
Bluffs.     It  has  2  churches. 

Neola,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pratt  co.,  Kansas,  18  mil^s  N.E, 
of  lula, 

Neo'ma,  a  post-ofiice  of  Boone  co,.  Neb. 

Neomagiis,  the  ancient  name  of  Lisieux. 

Neo'sho,  a  county  in  the  S.E,  part  of  Kansas,  hivs  an 
area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Neosho 
River,  which  runs  through  the  county  from  N.W.  to  S.E. 
and  divides  it  into  nearly  equal  parts.  The  surface  ia 
undulating,  and  is  diversified  by  prairies  and  woodlands, 
the  former  of  which  amount  to  90  per  cent.  The  soil  is 
very  fertile,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  cattle,  oats,  and  grass 
are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  minerals  are  limestone 
and  bituminous  coal.  This  county  is  intersected  by  several 
branches  of  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad  and 
the  Atchison,  Topeka  <fc  Santa  F6  Railroad,  both  of  which 
lines  connect  with  Erie,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,206; 
in  1880,  15,121;  in  1890,  18,661, 

Neosho,  a  township  of  Cherokee  co,,  Kansas.  Pop.  943. 

Neosho,  a  townsiiip  of  Coffey  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  542. 

Neosho,  a  township  of  L'abette  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  563. 

Neosho,  a  township  of  Morris  co.,  Kans.as.     Pop.  524. 

Neosho,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Newton  co,.  Mo,,  in 
Neosho  township,  on  the  Atlantic  &  Pacific  Railroad,  73 
miles  W,S,W.  of  Springfield,  and  about  22  miles  S.  of  Car- 
thage. It  has  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  6  churches,  a 
foundry,  a  machine-shop,  2  flouring-mills,  a  woollen-mill, 
and  2  wagon-factories.  Lead-mines  have  been  opened  near 
this  place.     Pop,  in  1890,  2198;  of  the  township,  4283. 

Neosho,  a  post-village  in  Rubicon  township.  Dodge  co., 
Wis.,  on  the  Rubicon  River,  about  38  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Milwaukee,  and  15  miles  N.E.  of  Watertown.  It  has  water- 
power,  a  liouring-mill,  a  steam  saw-mill,  a  brewery,  2 
churches,  a  masonic  hall,  3  other  halls,  ic.  Pop.  about  450. 

Neosho  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Woodson  co,,  Kansas, 
in  a  township  of  its  own  name,  on  the  Neosho  River,  and 
on  the  Neosho  division  of  the  Missouri,  Kans.as  &  Texas 
Railroad,  45  miles  S,E,  of  Emporia,  and  15  miles  N.N,W. 
of  Humboldt.  It  has  a  court-house,  3  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill.  The  river 
here  affords  water-power.     Pop.  552;  of  township,  1193. 

Neosho  Rapiils,  a  post-village  in  Jackson  township, 
Lyon  CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Neosho  River,  2  miles  from 
Neosho  Rapids  Station,  which  is  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  A 
Texas  Railroad,  8  miles  S.E,  of  Emporia.  It  has  a  church, 
a  graded  school,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Neosho  River  rises  in  Morris  co.,  in  the  E,  eentr.al 
part  of  Kansas.  It  runs  southeastward  through  the  cos. 
of  Lyon  and  Coffey  to  lola,  in  Allen  co.,  below  which  its 
general  direction  is  southeastward  until  it  crosses  the  S. 
boundary  of  Kansas  about  3  miles  below  Chotopa.  It  then 
enters  the  Indian  Territory,  in  which  it  runs  nearly  south- 
ward, and  joins  the  Arkansas  River  at  Fort  Gibson.  Its 
length  is  nearly  450  miles,  of  which  about  300  miles  are  ia 
Kansas.    It  traverses  fertile  prairies,  in  which  coal  is  found. 

Neozeli,  ni-od-zA'lee,  a  village  on  the  island  of  Sar- 
dinia, province  of  Busachi.     Pop,  1028. 

Ne'paug',  a  post-hamlet  in  New  Hartford  township, 
Litchfield  co,.  Conn,,  about  21  miles  N.N.W.  of  Hartford. 
It  has  a  church,  and  manufactory  of  furniture-castors,  Ac. 

Nepaul,  ne-pawl',  written  also  Nepal  (Hindoo,  ^Ve- 
pala,  ni-p4'l4),  an  independent  country  of  India,  com- 
prising the  southern  slope  of  the  Himalayas,  between  lat. 


KEP 


1946 


NER 


J8°  30'  and  30o  60'  N.  and  Ion.  80<»  and  88»  E.,  having  W. 
and  S.  British  India,  B.Silckim  and  the  Darjoelinj^  dintrict, 
and  N. Thibet.  Length,  from  W.to  E.,450  miles;  breadth, 
100  uiilos.  Area,  estimated  at  63,0UU  square  mile«,  and 
ponulation  at  3,0UU,000.  The  S.  part  of  the  country  is  an  un- 
oulating  and  densely-wooded  tract,  called  the  tarai ;  farther 
northward  the  surface  conHists  of  a  suocossion  of  mountains 
and  narrow  valleys,  in  which  many  affluents  of  the  Goggra, 
Qunduok,  Cosi,  and  other  tributaries  of  the  Qangcs  have 
their  sources.  Kico,  maite,  wheat,  barley,  cotton,  and 
-■agar-oane  arc  among  the  chief  crops.  Fruits,  drugs, 
dyoing-uiiitorials,  and  timber  are  abundant.  The  native 
animals  comprise  horses  and  largo  dogs  of  superior  breeds, 
■hawl  goats,  and  shoop,  which  are  employed  as  beasts  of 
burden.  Many  copper-  and  iron-mines  are  wrought ;  lead 
and  xino  are  among  the  mineral  products.  The  principal 
manufactures  are  of  cotton  cloths,  metallic  goods,  salt,  and 
nitre.  Among  the  exports  are  elephants,  ivory,  rice,  tim- 
ber, hides,  ginger,  catechu,  turmeric,  fruits,  and  spices, 
with  Thibet  horses  and  sheep,  small  bullocks,  borax,  salt, 
sulphur,  and  mineral  preparations  brought  from  Bootan 
ana  Thibet  and  sent  into  the  Bengal  territory  in  return 
for  Indian  and  British  manufactures  and  the  native  prod- 
ucts of  India.  A  portion  of  the  transit  trade  between 
Cashmere  and  the  Chinese  I^mpire  passes  through  Nepaul. 
The  population  consists  of  several  tribes,  partly  of  Mongol 
origin  and  Booddhists,  but  chiefly  of  Hindoo  faith  and  de- 
scent. The  government  is  vested  in  the  tribe  of  the  Qork- 
has,  who  conquered  the  country  about  the  middle  of  the 
lost  century.  The  principal  towns  are  Khatmandoo  (the 
capital),  Lalita-Patan,  Bhatgong,  and  Kirthipoor.  After 
the  termination  of  the  war  of  1814-16  the  Gorkhas  coded 
to  the  British  all  the  countries  situated  between  the  Sutlej 
and  the  Kali  Rivers,  and  agreed  to  evacuate  the  territory 
of  Sikkim. Adj.  and  inhab.  Nepaulesb,  nfip'awl-eez'. 

Ncpean,  nep-c-in',an  island  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean. 
Lttt.  29°  2'  S.;  Ion.  167°  48'  E. 

Nepean,  an  island  in  Torres  Strait.  Lat.  9*  34' S.  ; 
Ion.  143°  42'  E. 

Nepean,  a  bay  on  the  W.  coast  of  British  North  Amer- 
ica.    Lat.  53°  32'  N.;  Ion.  127°  30'  W. 

Nepean,  a  river  of  Australia,  Now  South  Wales,  flows 
northwestward,  and  joins  the  Warra-gamba  to  form  the 
Ilawkesbury. 

Nepean  Bay,  South  Australia,  is  on  the  N.E.  side  of 
Kangaroo  Island,  70  miles  S.W.  of  Adelaide. 

Ncpcran,  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.    See  Uxioxvtlle. 

Nepes'ta,  a  post-office  of  Pueblo  co..  Col.,  on  the  At- 
chison, Topeka  k  Santa  F6  Railroad,  23  miles  E.  of  Pueblo. 
The  name  of  the  station  is  Nepieste. 

Ne'peus'kun,  a  post-hamlet  of  Winnebago  co.,  Wis., 
in  a  township  of  its  own  name,  and  on  the  railroad  which 
connects  Berlin  with  Ripon,  22  miles  W.N.W.  of  Fond  du 
Lac.    The  township  contains  Rush  Lake.     Pop.  1123. 

Nephath,  the  Scriptural  name  of  Tortura. 

Ne'phi,  or  Salt  Creek,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Juab 
CO.,  Utah,  about  80  miles  S.  of  Salt  Lake  City.  Here  are 
several  salt  springs.    P.  (1890)  2034.  Post-office,  Salt  Creek. 

Nephin,  nifin,  and  Neph^nbeg',  two  mountains  of 
Ireland,  co.  of  Mayo, — the  former  about  6  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Crossmolina,  height  above  the  sea,  2646  feet,  the  latter  9 
miles  N.W.  of  Newport,  height  2065  feet. 

Nepi,  nd'pce  (ano.  Nepete,  Nepe,  or  Nepet),  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  of  Rome,  IS  miles  S.S.E.  of  Viterbo.  It  is 
enclosed  by  walls  erected  on  Etruscan  foundations.  It  is 
a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  church  and  town  hall.    Pop.  2382. 

Neptsquit  liay.    See  Bathurst  Bay. 

Ncpissing,  a  lake  of  Canada.     See  Nipissino  Lake. 

Nepomuck,  Nepomuk,  nA-po'mook,  or  Pomuk, 
po'mook,  a  small  town  of  Bohemia,  65  miles  S.W.  of  Prague, 
famous  as  the  birthplace  of  St.  John  Nepomuk,  the  patron 
saint  of  Bohemia,  about  the  year  1330.     Pop.  2123. 

Nepon'set,  a  small  river  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  runs 
northeastward,  and  enters  Boston  harbor  about  4  miles  S. 
of  Boston.     It  afi"ords  motive-power  for  mills. 

Neponset,  a  post-village  in  Neponset  township,  Bureau 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  A  Quincy  Railroad,  124 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Chicago,  and  40  miles  N.E.  of  Galesburg. 
It  has  2  banks,  4  churches,  and  a  money-order  post-office. 
Pop.  about  700 ;  of  the  township,  1610. 

Neponset,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  co.,  Mass.,  within 
the  limits  of  Boston,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Neponset  River, 
and  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Mil- 
ton Branch,  5  miles  S.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  post-office 
named  Neponset  Village,  which  is  a  branch  of  the  Boston 
post-office.  Here  are  4  churches,  and  a  manufactory  of 
norseshoe-nails. 


Nep'tune,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  oo.,  0.,  5  milw  K.l 
of  Celina.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  96. 

Neptune,  a  post-office  of  Richland  oo..  Wis. 

Nep'tune  Islands,  a  group  of  islands  of  South  Aus- 
tralia,  near  the  entrance  of  Spencer  Gulf,  45  miles  N  W  of 
Kangaroo  Island.     Lat.  35°  22'  S.;  Ion.  130°  7'  E.  ' 

Neqnas'sct,  a  village  of  Sagadahoc  co.,  Me.,  on  N». 
quasset  Lake,  and  on  the  Knox  <t  Lincoln  Unilrood,  2  milei 
N.E.  of  Bath.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  tannery.  Ice  ii 
exported  from  it. 

Nequinum,  an  ancient  name  of  Narni. 

Nera,  ni'ri  (anc.  A^ar),  a  river  of  lUily,  passes  Tern! 
to  Narni,  near  which  it  joins  the  Tiber  on  the  left.  Length 
60  miles.  On  its  affluent  the  Velino  is  the  cataract  call«. 
Cascata  del  Marmore.    See  Vklimo. 

Nera,  a  lake  of  Russia.    See  Nero. 

N6rac,  ni'rilk',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Lot 
ot-Garonne,  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Agen,  on  the  Bayse.  Pop 
4975.  It  has  a  tribunal  of  commerce,  and  a  fine  cliltcaii,  it 
which  Henry  IV.  hold  his  court  when  ho  was  only  Kinj 
of  Navarre.  Here  Calvin  found  an  asylum  from  pcrsccutioi 
at  the  court  of  Margaret,  Queen  of  Navarre.  It  has  msnu 
factures  of  starch,  corks,  cordage,  druggets,  and  linens,  tan 
nerios,  many  flour-mills,  and  breweries. 

Nerbudda,  Nerbuddah,  Nurbuddah,nQr-b&d'd| 
or  Narmada,  nar-ml'di  (ano.  AtinKt'dim),  a  river  ol 
India,  and  next  to  the  Indus  the  principal  one  having  i 
westward  course,  rises  in  Gundwana,  near  the  sources  ol 
the  Sone,  flows  through  the  British  dominions,  and  enter 
the  Gulf  of  Cambay  28  miles  W.  of  Baroach.  Length,  62 
miles.  It  is  a  broad  stream,  but  its  navigation  is  iiupode* 
by  rocks,  islands,  shallows,  and  cataracts.  It  separates  th 
Deccan  from  Hindostan  proper. 

Nerbudda,  a  division  or  commissionership  of  the  Cen 
tral  Provinces,  India,  comprising  the  districts  of  Nursing 
poor,  Baitool,  Chindwara,  and  Nimar.  Area,  17,513  squat 
miles.     Pop.  1,590,907. 

Nercha,  or  Nertscha,  nSn'chl,  a  river  of  Siberia,  rise 
on  tho  E.  frontiers  of  Irkootsk,  flows  circuitously  S.,  snti 
after  a  course  of  250  miles,  joins  the  Shilka  at  Nerchinsk, 
»Ner^chinsk',  or  Nertschinsk,  nir'chinsk',  a  tow 
of  Asiatic  Russia,  in  Transbaikali.a,  on  tho  Nercha,  nea 
its  mouth  in  the  Shilka,  540  miles  E.  of  Irkootsk.  It  hn 
a  large  fur-trade  and  rich  mines  of  lead  and  silver.  P.  37JI 

Nerekhta,  Nerechta,  ni-riK't4,  or  Ncrechtnr 
ni-rSK-tau',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  23  mile 
S.S.W.  of  Kostroma,  on  an  affluent  of  tho  Volga.    P.  338i 

Ncrepis,  n6r'§-pe,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  Ne' 
Brunswick,  on  the  Nerepis  River,  at  its  entrance  into  th 
St.  John,  and  on  the  European  &  North  American  Railway 
18J  miles  W.  of  St.  John.     Pop.  150. 

Neresheim,  ni'r?s-hime\  a  town  of  WUrtemberg,  o 
an  affluent  of  the  Danube,  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ulm.  P.  113! 

Neresi,  n.^-rd'sce,  tho  principal  town  of  the  island  o 
Brazza,  Dalmatia,  12  miles  S.  of  Spahito.     Pop.  1580. 

Nereto,  ni-r4'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  1 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Tcramo.     Pop.  2673. 

Neriad,or  Nariad,  n^r-c-ild',  atown  of  British  Indli 
presidency  of  Bombay,  Khaira  district,  30  miles  by  ra 
S.E.  of  Ahmedab.ad.     Pop.  25,520. 

Nerigon,  or  Nerigonia.    See  Norway. 

Neris,  nd^rees'  (anc.  A'(jt(ie  Ne'rtet),  a  small  town  an 
watering-place  of  France,  department  of  Allier,  4  miles  S.I 
ofMontlu^on.     Pop.  1197. 

Neriura  Promontorium.    See  Cape  FisiSTEnnE. 

Neija,  or  Nerxa,  ndii'irA,  a  town  of  Spain,  at  tli 
mouth  of  the  small  river  Nerja  in  the  Mcditcrraneai 
province  and  27  miles  E.  of  Malaga.     Pop.  5516. 

Nerl,  ndnl.  Great  and  Little,  two  small  rivers  o 
Russia,  take  their  rise  in  the  district  of  I'crcslavl,  goi 
ernment  of  Vladimcer.  The  Great  Nerl  issues  from  Lai 
Plescheievo,  flows  N.W.,  enters  the  government  of  Tve 
and  joins  the  Volga  on  the  right.  The  Little  Nerl  flo* 
along  the  S.  frontier  of  Yaroslav,  and  joins  the  Kliasii 
below  Vladimeer. 

Nero,  ni'ro,  Nera,  ni'rl,  or  Rostov,  ros-tov',  a  stna 
Lake  of  Russia,  in  the  S.  of  the  government  of  Yarosla 
about  10  miles  long  from  N.E.  to  S.AV.,  and  neariy  5  mili 
broad.     The  town  of  Rostov  stands  on  its  N.W.  shore. 

Ne'ro,  a  post-office  of  Washington  eo.,  Neb. 

Nero,  a  small  post-village  of  Manitowoc  co.,  Wis.,  c 
Lake  Michigan,  about  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Manito^voc. 
has  2  churches  and  a  tannery. 

Nerola,  ni-ro'll,  a  village  of  It.aly,  on  a  small  affluci 
of  the  Tiber,  23  miles  N.E.  of  Rome,  with  an  old  feD(l| 
castle  of  the  Barberini  family,  and  supposed  to  occupy  tl 
site  of  Itfijil'Um.     Pop.  979. 


NER 


1947 


NET 


N6ronde,  ni'rAsd',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire,  16  miles 
S  K.  of  Koanne.     Pop.  1297. 

Ncrondes,  niVAxd',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
'Cher,  20  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Bourgcs.  Pop.  1727. 
Ncronia,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Coniooiio. 
Neroosa,  Neroiisa,  or  Nerusa,  nd-roo'si,  a  river 
of  llussia,  rises  in  the  government  of  Orel,  about  9  miles 
K.  of  Dmitrovsk,  flows  N.W.,  and,  after  a  course  of  about 
SO*  miles,  joins  the  Desna  opposite  Troobchevsk. 

Nerow'lee,  a  town  of  India,  presidency  of  Bengal, 
iSorth-West  Provinces,  division  of  Robilcund.     Pop.  .^085. 
Ner'strand,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rice  co.,  Minn.,  in  Wheel- 
no-  township,  10  miles  S.15.  of  Dundas. 
Ncrtobriga,  supposed  ancient  n.amo  of  Rici^A, 
Nertschinsk,  Asiatic  Russia.    See  Nerchinsk. 
Nerusa,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Neroosa, 
!  Nerva,  nfia'vS.,  or  Nervion,  n^R-ve-on',  or  Ibaiza- 
lial,  e-Bi-tlii-Bil',  a  river  of  Spain,  province  of  Biscay, 
fows  N.W.,  and  falls  into  the  Bay  of  Biscay  near  Por- 
ugalcte.    Length,  50  miles. 

Nervi,  nSii'vee,  a  seaport  town  of  Italy,  province  and 

''■  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Genoa.     Pop.  6186.     It  is  agreeably 

iituateil,  with  a  small  port  on  the  Gulf  of  Genoa,  and  has 

lanufacturcs  of  silk  and  woollen,  a  brisk  coasting-trade, 

nd  productive  fisheries. 

Nerviaiio,  n^R-ve-l'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
nd  11  uiiles  N.W.  of  Milan,  on  the  Olona.     Pop.  3278. 
Nervion,  a  river  of  Spain.    See  Nerva. 
Ncrwinde,  a  village  of  Belgium.    See  Neerwinden. 
Nerxa,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Nerja. 
Nes,  n^s,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Friesland, 
land  of  Amcland. 

Nesaquake,  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.    See  Nisseqtjague. 
Ncs'bit's  Station,  a  post-village  of  De  Soto  co.,  Miss., 
n  the  Xew  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad,  18  miles 
.  of  Memphis.    It  has  a  collegiate  institute,  2  churches, 
:iil  a  saw-mill. 

Ncschin,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Nezheen. 
Ncschtin,  nSsh-teen',  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Slavonia, 
i).  of  Syrmia,  on  the  Danube.     Pop.  1J27. 
Nes'copeck,  a  post-village   in   Neseopeck  township, 
iizorne  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  North  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna 
iver,  at  the  mouth  of  Neseopeck  Creek,  i  mile  from  Ber- 
i.ck  Station,  and  26  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Wilkesbarre.     A 
'  idge  across  the  river  connects  Neseopeck  with  Berwick. 
)p.  in  1890,  698:  of  the  township,  1456. 
Neseopeck   Creek,   Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  runs  nearly 
^stward,  and  enters  the  North  Branch   of  the  Susque- 
nna  River. 

Neseopeck  Mountain,  Pennsylvania,  a  ridge  in  the 
part  of  Luzerne  co.,  is  about  1000  feet  higher  than  the 
jaccnt  valley. 

Neshaminy,  ne-sham'9-ne,  a  post-office  of  Bucks  co., 
.,  about  20  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Philadelphia. 
Neshaminy  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  runs  nearly  south- 
■tward  in  Bucks  co.,  and  enters  the  DelaAvaro  River  2  or 
iiiles  below  Bristol. 

Neshan'ic,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J.,  on  or 
ir  the  South  Branch  of  the  Raritan  River,  on  the  Lehigh 
llcy  and  South  Branch  Railroads,  8  miles  E.  of  Flem- 
jlton,  and  27  miles  W.  of  Perth  Amboy.  It  contains  the 
jshanic  Institute.  i\  church,  a  flour-mill,  <fec. 
(Veshan'nock,  township,  Lawrence  co.,  Pa.  P.  1132. 
Veshannock,  a  post-village  in  Hickory  township, 
jrcer  co..  Pa.,  about  ?.0  mile?  N.  of  New  Castle,  and  7 
J  cs  E.  of  Sharon.  Bicck  coal  is  mined  here.  It  has  3 
^irches. 

Keshannock  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Mercer 
<  runs  S.W.,  and  enters  Shenango  River  at  New  Castle. 
Keshannock  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co., 
U  on  Ncshannock  Creek,  and  on  the  New  Castle  &  Frank- 
Ij  Railroad,  about  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  New  Castle.  This 
¥36  has  extensive  water-power,  and  is  noted  for  its  ro- 
|3tic  scenery.  It  has  1  or  2  ttouring-mills,  a  church,  and 
[iiufactures  of  lumber  and  wool. 
jreshko'ro,  a  post-vill.age  in  Neshkoro  township,  Mar- 
otte  CO.,  Wis.,  on  White  River,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Jjiceton,  and  about  U  miles  W.  of  Berlin.  It  has  2 
<5  rches,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  ploughs,  Ac.  Pop.  of 
t|  township,  530.  'I       ■=    ,  f 

•  esho'ba,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Mississippi,  has 
Jirea  of  560  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Pearl 
jier,  and  also  drained  by  many  of  its  affluents,  including 
Ifitawha  Creek.  The  surface  is  mostly  covered  with  for- 
«!•  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and 
P.t  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Philadelphia.  Pop. 
V870,  7439;  in  ISSO,  8741;  in  1890,  11,146. 


Nesho'to,  a  hamlet  of  Manitowoc  co..  Wis.,  on  West 
Two  River,  6  miles  N.  of  Manitowoc.     It  has  2  saw-mills. 

Nesis,  the  ancient  name  of  Nisita. 

Nesle,  nail  or  nSl,  a  town  of  France,  in  Somme,  on  the 
Ingon,  29  miles  E.S.E.  of  Amiens.  Pop.  2296.  Nesle  is 
the  name  of  numerous  other  communes  of  France. 

Nes'niith,  a  post-office  of  Winston  co.,  Ala. 

Nesniy,  nfis'mee',  a  village  of  Fr.ance,  in  Vendue,  fl 
miles  S.  of  La  Roche-sur-Yon.     Pop.  138. 

Nesocha'que  River,  New  Jersey,  a  branch  of  Little 
Egg  Harbor  River,  rises  in  Camden  co.,  flows  in  a  S.E. 
course,  and  unites  with  other  branches  near  Pleasant  Mills. 

Nesqual'ly,  or  Nisqual'ly,  a  river  of  AVashington, 
flows  between  Pierce  and  Thurston  cos.  into  the  S.E.  ex- 
tremity of  Puget  Sound. 

Nesquehoning,  nes^kwe-ho'ning,  a  post-village  of 
Carbon  co..  Pa.,  on  Nesquehoning  Creek,  and  on  the  Nes- 
quehoning  Valley  Railroad,  4  miles  AV.  of  Mauch  Chunk. 
It  has  2  churches.    Coal  is  mined  here.    Pop.  in  1890,  1655. 

Ness,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Kansas.  Area, 
1080  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Walnut  Creek  and 
the  Pawnee  Fork  of  the  Arkansas  River.  The  surface  is 
undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  nearly  destitute  of  for- 
ests. The  soil  is  mostly  uncultivated,  but  produces  natural 
pasture.     Pop.  in  1880,  3722  ;  in  1890,  4944. 

Ness,  a  post-village  of  Ness  co.,  Kansas,  on  Walnut 
Creek,  42  miles  S.  of  Wa  Keeney  Station.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  plough -factory. 

Nesse,  n4s's?h,  or  Nes'sa,  a  river  of  Germany,  rises 
W.  of  Erfurt,  in  Prussian  Saxony,  and,  after  a  course  »' 
about  45  miles,  joins  the  AVerra. 

Nes'sel,  a  township  of  Chisago  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  745. 

Nesserabad,  a  town  of  India.    See  Nusseerabad. 

Nesslau,  ndss'lSw,  a  town  and  parish  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  St.  Gall.     Pop.  2361. 

Ness,  Loch,  a  lake  of  Scotland.    See  Loch  Ness. 

Nesso,  nis'so,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Como,  near 
the  E.  shore  of  Lago  di  Como,  in  a  wild  ravine,  where  the 
Latta,  a  tributary  of  the  Lecco,  forms  a  magnificent  water- 
fall nearly  200  feet  high.     Pop.  1100. 

Neste,  or  Nestes,  n5st,  a  river  of  France,  in  Hautes- 
Pyr6n6es,  flows  first  N.  and  then  E.,  and  joins  the  Garonne 
near  Maze  res,  after  a  course  of  about  45  miles. 

Nestock'ton,  a  post-ofiice  of  Tillamook  co.,  Oregon. 

Nes'ton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  10  miles  N.W.  ot 
Chester,  on  the  estuary  of  the  Dee. 

Nes'torville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barbour  co.,  W.  Va., 
12  miles  S.  of  Thornton  Railroad  Station. 

Nestus,  a  river  of  Turkey.     See  Kara-Soo. 

Nestved,  or  Najstved,  nSst'vfid,  a  town  of  Denmark, 
on  the  island  of  Seeland,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Prrestiie,  and  on 
the  Suus-Aa,  near  its  mouth.     Pop.  4267. 

Nesvizh,  Nesvij,  or  Nesvish,  nfis-vizh',  written  also 
Nieswiez  and  NieZAVitsch,  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment and  58  miles  S.W.  of  Minsk,  on  an  afliuent  of  the 
Nicmen.     It  has  a  fine  palace.     Pop.  7266. 

NeHarts',  a  post-oflice  of  Tillamook  co.,  Oregon,  on  tho 
Pacific  Ocean,  6  miles  W.  of  Lincoln. 

Net^awa'ka,  a  post-village  in  Netawaka  township, 
Jackson  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Central  Branch  of  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad,  36  miles  W.  of  Atchison,  and  about  42 
miles  N.  of  Topeka.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  4  churches, 
and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  of  township,  434. 

Netee  Ghaut,  Himalayas.    See  Niti  Giiact. 

Nethe,  or  Neethe,  nA't§h,  a  river  of  Belgium,  in  Ant- 
werp, formed  by  the  Great  and  Little  Nethe,  which  unite 
at  Lierre,  whence  it  has  a  AV.S.W.  and  navigable  course  of 
8  miles,  and  joins  the  Ruppel  3  miles  S.AV.  of  Boom. 

Nethen,  ni't^n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Brabant,  IS 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1500. 

Neth'erby,  a  post-village  in  AVelland  co.,  Ontario,  10 
miles  S.  of  Port  Robinson.     Pop.  100. 

Neth'erland,  a  post-ofiice  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas,  23 
miles  S.W.  of  Hutchinson. 

Netheriaud,  a  post-hamlet  of  Overton  co.,  Tenn.,  50 
miles  N.N.E.  of  McMinnville.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  saw-mill. 

Netherlands,  nern'^r-landz,  or  The  Low  Coun- 
tries (Datch,  NederlandcH,  ni'd§r-IinVl?n  ;  Fr.  f'<ti/x-Bas, 
pi-ee'-bj,  or  Neerlande,  nA'en'lA.vd' ;  Ger.  Niederlaiide, 
nce'd§r-lin'd§h  ;  Sp.  Paises  Ilajos,  pil-ee'sis  bi'noce  ;  Port. 
Ptiizes  Baixos,  p4-ee's5s  bl'shoce;  It.  Paeai-Ji a ssi,  p3,-4'- 
see-bis'see ;  L.  liel'ijicm  Provin'cife),  a  country  in  the  W. 
of  Europe,  formerly  comprising  the  whole  of  the  present 
kingdom  of  the  Netherlands,  together  with  that  of  Belgium. 
The  appellation  of  Netherlands,  as  well  as  the  name  of 
this  country  in  each  of  the  other  European  languages  abor« 


NET 


1948 


NET 


•It«d,  aignillM  "  low  countries"  or  "  low  lands,"  the  «ur- 
faeo  of  »  large  portion  beinj^  a  dead  level,  and  much  of  it 
lying  actually  below  the  level  of  the  sov.   (See  no.xt  article, 

also  Bkloium.) Adj.  NrrHKHLAXDisn  (Dutch,  Nedeii- 

i>ANSca,  n4'd«r-l&n«h  ;  Gor.  Nirderlandiscb,  noo'd^r-lin^- 
diih  ;  Fr.  NiKRLANDAifl,  n&'9RMAN<M^'). 

NotherlandSf  called  also  Ilol'land,  a  maritime  king- 
dom on  the  western  border  of  continental  Euroite,  lying  be- 
tween lat.  51°  10'  and  63°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  3"^  20'  and  7° 
20'  E.  On  the  Vf.  and  N.  it  is  bounded  by  the  North  Sea, 
nn  the  E.  by  Prussia,  and  on  the  S.  by  Belgium.  The  river 
Kms  marks  the  boundary  towards  Ilanovor ;  but  between 
the  Netherlands  and  the  Prussian  provinces  W.  of  the 
lihino  the  line  is  fixed  by  conventions  rather  than  by  na- 
ture; on  the  S.,  also,  the  boundary  towards  Belgium  from 
the  loft  bank  of  the  Meuso  or  Maas  to  the  sea,  though  de- 
fined accurately  by  the  treaty  of  November,  1831,  to  which 
the  chief  powers  of  Europe  were  parties,  is  not  marked  by 
any  natural  features.  The  country  thus  marked  out  has 
an  extent  from  N.  toS.  of  150  miles,  with  a  breadth  from 
yv.  to  E.  of  120  miles  throughout;  area,  12,680  square 
miles.  The  grand  duchy  of  Luxemburg,  though  subject 
to  the  Dutch  monarch  as  grand  duke,- forms  no  part  of  the 
kingdom  proper. 

The  Netherlands  (or  Low  Countries,  as  the  name  implies) 
form  the  most  characteristic  portion  of  the  great  plain  of 
%Vest  and  North  Europe.  From  the  middle  of  Belgium,  a 
few  miles  N.  of  Brussels,  the  country  N.B.  becomes  a  dead 
level,  extending  in  monotonous  sandy  flats  through  Han- 
over, Jutland,  Holstein,  and,  with  little  interruption, 
through  Prussia  into  Russia.  But  the  lowest  part  of  this 
immense  level  is  the  country  between  the  mouths  of  the 
Bcheldt  and  Ems ;  within  this  distance  the  llhine,  joined 
by  the  Mouse,  Yssol,  and  other  rivers,  enters  the  sea 
through  a  number  of  arms  and  sluggish  winding  channels, 
vrhich  by  no  means  represent  the  magnitude  of  the  stream 
as  it  appears  higher  up. 

The  soil  of  the  Netherlands  shows  everywhere  the  proofs 
of  a  struggle  between  the  ocean  nnd  the  river,  in  the  alter- 
nation of  salt-  and  fresh-water  deposits.  Kemains  of  for- 
ests now  lie  buried  under  the  waves  of  the  German  Ocean  ; 
Eavcd  roads,  traces  of  villages  and  of  cultivation,  arc  found 
cneath  the  morasses  on  the  banks  of  the  Ems,  and  many 
similar  proofs  can  be  adduced  of  great  physical  changes. 
'JCo  secure  their  territorial  possessions  from  the  encroach- 
ments of  the  sea,  the  early  occupants  of  this  country  had 
recourse  to  embankments,  high  and  strong  enough  to  pro- 
tect them  under  ordinary  circumstances  from  the  waves ; 
and,  placing  windmills  on  the  embankments,  exposed  to  the 
8ca-breeze,  they  worked  the  pumps  which  drained  the  en- 
closed lands.  At  the  present  day  the  Netherlands  present 
to  our  view  an  artificially-constructed  country,  some  por- 
tions of  which  are  16  feet  below  the  surface  of  the  sea,  and 
nearly  all  too  low  for  natural  drainage.  The  whole  country 
is  divided  by  dikes,  some  of  them  60  feet  high,  which  pro- 
tect portions  of  land  from  the  sea,  lakes,  or  rivers.  These 
enclosed  lands  are  called  Polders.  On  the  chief  dikes  are 
roads  and  canals ;  the  latter  join  the  rivers,  and  are  gen- 
erally large  enough  to  be  navigable. 

There  are  no  mountains  or  rocks  in  the  Netherlands. 
The  only  heights  are  the  sand-hills,  about  100  feet  high, 
along  the  coast,  and  a  chain  of  low  hills,  of  perhaps  similar 
origin,  which  extend  from  the  middle  of  the  province  of 
Utrecht  into  Gelderland.  The  work  of  reclaiming  tho 
waste  is  constantly  going  forward ;  in  the  provinces  of 
North  and  South  Holland  alone  about  90  lakes  have  been 
drained.  The  drainage  of  the  Lake  of  Haarlem,  begun  in 
1839,  was  completed  in  1852  by  means  of  steam-pumps, 
and  the  drainage  of  tho  S.  half  of  the  Zuyder  Zee  is  now 
going  on.  The  polders  probably  form  one-half  of  tho 
whole  territory. 

The  chief  features  of  the  country  are  tho  wide  estuaries 
W.  and  E.  of  the  Scheldt  and  of  the  Meuse,  which  latter 
boar  off  also  the  waters  of  the  Rhine;  N.  of  the  Mouse,  the 
Zuyder  Zee,  which  was  formed  by  an  irruption  of  the  sea  in 
the  beginning  of  the  thirteenth  century,  and  lately  covered 
an  area  of  1200  square  miles.  Between  the  mouths  of  tho 
Mcuse  and  the  entrance  to  tho  Zuyder  Zee,  a  distance  of  75 
miles,  the  coast  is  chiefly  formed  of  sand-hills  or  downs, 
separating  the  low  fertile  meadows  from  the  ocean.  In  a 
line  with  these  downs,  beyond  the  mouth  of  the  Zuyder  Zee, 
runs  a  chain  of  islands,  namely,  Tcxel,  Vlieland,  Ter- 
schelling,  Ameland,  Ac,  which  seem  to  indicate  the  origi- 
nal line  of  the  coast.  Tho  coast  of  Fricsland,  opposite  to 
these  islands,  depends  for  its  security  altogether  on  arti- 
ficial embankments.  The  Lauwer  Zee,  a  deep  bay  on  the 
•unfines  of  Friesland  and  Qroningcn,  also  owes  its  origin 


to  nn  trraption  of  the  ocean  ;  and  again  the  Dollart,  a  (jnlf 
near  tho  mouth  of  tho  Emx.  was  foruicil  hy  a  iiitnilar  wn- 
vulsion,  which  is  said  to  have  swept  awiiy  70  villnjjes  and 
100,000  people.  From  tho  left  bank  of  the  Kiiik,  the  Hour- 
tanger  Alorajw  extends  about  40  miles  S.W.  townrdi  the 
Zuyder  Zee  ;  tho  Peel,  a  marsh  of  less  extent,  lie*  near  the 
loft  bank  of  the  Mouse,  on  the  K.  side  of  North  Itmbant. 

Tho  chief  rivers  of  tho  Netherlands  are  the  Uhino,  Mcum, 
Scheldt,  Yssol,  Veoht,  and  Hunse.  The  Kliine,  after  tntor- 
ing  tho  Netherlands,  soon  divides,  tho  S.  and  )irin(!i|iii|  nrm 
taking  the  name  of  Waal,  and  uniting  with  tho  Meuso,  wliila 
the  N.  arm,  communicating  with  the  Vssel,  Uxkcr  tho  name 
of  Lock  ;  a  branch  from  it,  named  the  Kronimo  (Crooked) 
llhcin,  winds  by  Utrecht  to  tho  Zuyder  Zee,  while  nnotjier 
very  diminished  stream,  called  the  Old  Rhine,  flows  froio 
Utrecht  by  Leyden  to  tho  sea  at  Kalwyk.  'I'lio  Meusc,  en. 
tering  tho  Netherlands  from  Belgium,  receives  the  Kuhr. 
Of  the  Scheldt,  only  tho  mouths,  tho  E.  and  the  W.,  or  Old 
Scheldt,  lie  within  the  Dutch  boundary.  Tho  Yssel  and 
Vecht,  flowing  from  Germany,  both  enter  tho  Zuyder  Ze 
at  no  great  distance  asunder ;  tho  former  is  navigable  to 
Deventer,  the  latter  to  Zwollo.  Tho  llunsc,  ricing  in  the 
Bourtanger  Marsh,  flows  through  Qroningcn  to  the  Lauwer 
Zee.  'Xho  canals  of  the  Netherlands  are  numerous  nnd 
important,  the  principal  being  the  new  ship-oiinal  running 
W.  from  Amsterdam  to  the  sea  ;  the  North  Holland  Cnnal, 
for  ships  passing  between  Amsterdam  and  the  lleldor,  « 
distance  of  40  miles;  the  Winsclioten  Canal,  18  miles  long, 
connecting  the  Dollart  with  Groningen  ;  and  the  DamKtir- 
Dicp,  running  from  Groningen  to  the  sea  at  Deltzyl.  Har. 
lingen,  on  the  Zuyder  Zee,  is  also  connected  with  Groningen 
by  a  great  canal  which  passes  by  Francker  and  Leouwiir. 
den.  The  Niouwer  Sluis  unites  Utrecht  with  Anistcrdaiu, 
while  the  latter  city  communicates  with  R'>ttcrdain  by  a 
canal  which  touches  at  Haarlem,  Leyden,  and  Delft,  post- 
ing also  near  the  Hague. 

The  climate  of  tho  Netherlands  is  extremely  humid  nnd 
changeable  ;  violent  winds  arc  frequent,  and  heavy  sea-fugi 
are  driven  in,  which  injure  vegetation.  The  winters  an 
severe,  and  the  sky  is  almost  always  overcast.  I^ow  feven 
visit  the  marshy  districts  in  autumn,  but  the  dry  cold  of 
winter,  coupled  with  tho  countervailing  influence  of  good 
food  and  clothing  and  the  habitual  cleanliness  of  the  Dutch, 
restores  tho  peasant's  health. 

The  flora  of  the  Netherlands  is  limited,  but  jrardcning  and 
agriculture  have  attained  in  this  naturally  unpnHluctivi 
country  a  high  degree  of  perfection.  Wheat  of  excellcnl 
quality  is  grown  in  some  portions  of  tho  S.  provinces.  Kye 
oats,  and  buckwheat,  with  horse-beans,  beets,  madder,  and 
flax,  are  more  common  crops ;  and  tobacco  is  cultivated  in  tlu 
provinces  of  Gelderland,  South  Holland,  and  Utrecht.  Culi. 
nary  vegetables  are  raised,  not  merely  for  8H]>])lying  thi 
internal  demand,  but  also  for  tho  exportation  of  the  seeds 
but  it  is  in  stock  nnd  dairy-produce  in  particular  that  th( 
rural  industry  of  the  Netherlands  shows  its  strength.  Th( 
Dutch  horses  are  remarkable  for  size  nnd  strength,  and  an 
much  sought  after;  and  in  the  number  and  excellence  o 
their  horned  cattle  tho  Dutch  are  quite  unrivalled. 

The  poultry-yard,  and  every  object  of  husbandry  whiel 
demands  care,  is  to  the  Dutch  farmer  a  source  of  wcnltH' 
Bec-culturo  is  likewise  actively  carried  on,  and  the  quant/ 
of  cheese  and  butter  brought  to  market  is  amazing. 

Living  along  the  estuaries  of  great  rivers,  and  on  tin 
shores  of  a  sea  abounding  in  fish,  the  Dutch  soon  became  ( 
seafaring  people.  Indeed,  the  bold  outlay  of  capital  neces 
sary  to  make  the  land,  as  we  may  say,  was  clearly  <luo  t« 
tho  spirit  and  genius  of  commerce.  Manufactures  ban 
flourished  in  a  rcninrkablc  degree,  though  never  a  pre 
dominating  interest.  The  linen  and  the  paper  of  the  Dutcl 
Netherlands  have  long  held  tho  first  rank.  The  manufno 
ture  of  woollen  cloth  centres  in  Leyden,  Gouda,  and  Utrecht 
which  last-named  place  is  famous  also  for  its  silk  velvet 
The  distilleries  of  Schiedam  are  well  known.  Gouda  snp 
plies  tobacco-pipes,  the  best  of  their  kind,  and  the  same  prai»< 
maybe  bestowed  on  the  leather,  the  refined  sugar, and  man} 
other  articles.  The  absence  of  coal  and  the  prevalence  of 
strong  winds  have  led  to  tho  adoption  of  the  wimlmill 
which  is  employed  as  a  motive-power  in  all  kinds  of  work 

Tho  commerce  with  the  Dutch  possessions  in  the  Kas 
Indies,  particularly  Java,  is  of  great  and  continually  in 
creasing  importance. 

The  provinces  of  the  Netherlands  are  North  Brabant.  Grl 
dcrland.  South  Holland,  North  Holland,  Zealand,  Itrccht 
Friesland,  Overyssel,  Groningen,  Drcnthe,  and  Limburg 
each  noticed  in  its  alphabetical  place.  Total  pop.  in  IS/' 
exclusive  of  colonies,  3,924,792;  in  1890,  4,.')64..Sfi5. 

In  addition  to  her  European  territories,  the  Nctberland 


NET 


1949 


NEU 


i08ses?es  a  wide  extent  of  colonies  and  dependencies  in  Asia, 

Ufrick,  and  America,  with  wiiich  she  carries  on  an  exten- 

iivo  commerce,  and  which  contribute  materially  to  hergreat- 

icss.   They  are  the  Netherlands  Indies  (separately  noticed), 

he  West  Indian  islands  of  Curajoa,  Buen  Ayre,  St.  Eusta- 

ius,  Ac,  and  the  South  American  colony  of  Dutch  Guiana. 

The  kingdom  of  the  Netherlands  is  a  hereditary  consti- 

utional  monarchy.     The  executive  power  is  vested  wholly 

'n  the  king,  who  shares  also  the  work  of  legislation  with 

be  ptates-gcneral.     This  consists  of  two  chambers,  whose 

'lembers  aS-eiiible  for  deliberation  at  the  Hague  ('S  Gravcn- 

iia"),  the  capital  of  the  kingdom,  or,  more  correctly,  the 

oval  residence.     The  members  of  the  upper  chamber  are 

lected  by  the  wealthy  citizens;  the  others  are  chosen  by 

otc  of  ail  the  citizens,  there  being  a  small  property  quali- 

cation  required  of  voters.     The  government  is  strong,  and 

;ie  administration   in   every   department   is   simple   and 

conoraical. 

The  Dutch  provinces,  taken  collectively,  form  one  of  the 
lost  civilized  portions  of  Europe,  for  what  they  want  in 
leial  brilliancy  and  attraction  is  made  up  by  the  general 
.iffusion  of  intelligence  among  all  classes,  and  among  the 
■ealthier  classes  there  is  no  want  of  solid  and  extensive 
liarning.  There  are  manj'  schools  for  popular  instruction, 
Wd  3  universities,  at  Leyden,  Utrecht,  and  Groningen,  be- 
jdes  numerous  academies  of  an  intermediate  character, 
jhe  majority  of  the  population  are  Protestants  of  various 
^!Cts,  Lutheran  and  Calvinistic,  the  latter  predominating; 
'le  Mennonites  also  form  a  numerous  body.  There  are 
I  any  Roman  Catholics,  as  well  as  Jews  and  Old  Catholics, 
'f  Jansenists.  All  religious  sects  and  persuasions  are  polit- 
'ally  on  a  perfectly  equal  footing.  In  their  charitable  in- 
'itutions  also  the  Dutch  are  exemplary;  and  in  the  man- 
!;ement  of  their  poor  they  have  shown  equal  wisdom  and 
[iberality. 

!  The  Dutch  language  is  related  to  the  Platt-Dcutsch  of 
lorthwestern  Germany,  and  is  nearly  identical  with  the 
temish.  But  in  the  N.E.  portions  of  the  country  dialects 
'  the  Frisian  tongue  are  in  popular  use.  The  German  and 
alloon  languages  are  used  somewhat  in  the  south.  The 
itch  is  softer  in  sound  than  the  High  German,  and  pos- 
hes immense  resources  in  its  copiousness,  flexibility,  and 
e  facility  of  forming  new  terms  from  native  roots.  The 
arature  of  the  Netherlands  reaches  a  long  way  back ; 
my  chronicles  exist  in  it  of  the  thirteenth  and  fourteenth 
ituries ;  and  as  to  the  value  of  that  literature,  it  will  be 
fficicntly  warranted  by  pointing  to  the  names  of  the  great 
iters  which  the  country  has  produced.  Dutch  literature 
s  generally  a  sober  and  solid  character  ;  but  it  is  not  defi- 
nt  in  the  grace,  novelty,  and  vivid  coloring  which  render 
;n  the  gravest  themes  attractive.  The  tine  arts,  and  es- 
;ially  painting,  have  long  been  cultivated  in  the  Nether- 
Js  with  eminent  success. 

Che  Batavi  (or  Batavians)  were  already  known  to  the 
mans,  in  the  time  of  Julius  Caesar,  as  a  warlike  nation, 
[eir  neighbors,  the  Belgae,  seem  to  have  been  distin- 
shed,  even  in  that  early  age,  for  that  inclination  to  cora- 
Irce  which  afterwards  exerted  such  an  influence  on  the 
jtory  of  the  Netherlands.  It  was  in  the  year  9  B.C.  that 
jasus  joined  the  Rhine  and  Yssel  by  a  canal  (now  called 
j  New  Ysscl).  Under  Adrian  and  Septimius  Severus  the 
I'Avi  shared  the  imperial  favor.  About  the  beginning  of 
'  fourth  century  they  united  with  the  Frisians,  a  people 
kindred  origin.  The  sixth  century  witnessed  their  sub- 
ation  by  the  Franks :  and  in  the  middle  of  the  ninth 
y  were  incorporated  in  the  empire  founded  by  Charle- 
,'nc.  Afterwards  the  country  was  parcelled  out  into 
'  ill  principalities,  in  accordance  with  the  feudal  spirit  of 
'  age.  Among  these  petty  states  Flanders  held  the  fore- 
1  -t  rank ;  and  when,  in  the  fourteenth  century,  the  estates 
<l  ho  Count  of  Flanders  pfissed,  by  matrimonial  alliance, 
^ho  house  of  Burgundy,  the  paramount  authority  in  the 
}  herlands  passed  with  them.  In  like  manner,  these  estates 
l|?ed  from  the  house  of  Burgundy  to  that  of  Austria,  and 
(|  rles  V.  inherited  the  sovereignty  of  the  Seventeen  Prov- 
i;!S.  But  his  son  and  successor,  Philip  II.,  having  deeply 
<  nded  the  people,  seven  of  the  states,  namely,  Holland, 
'land,  Utrecht,  Gelderland,  Overyssel,  Groningen,  and 
Iwland,  united  in  defence  of  their  liberties,  and  formed 
fi  deral  republic,  at  the  head  of  which  they  placed,  with 
t  title  of  Slatlhouder  (Stadtholder),  William  of  Nassau, 
Ijico  of  Orange.  At  the  end  of  the  sixteenth  century 
t  Dutch  gained  possession  of  the  Molucca  Islands,  and 
'.red  a  monopoly  of  the  spice-trade.  At  the  end  of  the 
'•nteenth  century  they  owned  nearly  half  of  the  ship- 
r5  of  Europe;  but,  in  consequence  of  the  wars  in  which 
'  ■  were  engaged,  and  the   increase  of  the  mercantile 


navies  of  other  countries,  they  lost  their  commercial  pre- 
eminence. The  country  was  invaded  by  Louis  XIV.,  but 
the  inhabitants,  taking  refuge  in  their  shipping,  broke  down 
the  dikes,  and  he  was  compelled  to  retire.  It  was  con- 
quered by  the  French  at  the  commencement  of  the  revolu- 
tion, and  in  1795  it  formed  the  Batavian  Republic.  It  was 
erected  into  the  Kingdom  of  Holland  in  1806,  but  in  1810 
became  incorporated  with  the  French  Empire.  In  the  mean 
time  its  commerce  was  nearly  annihilated,  and  the  Dutch 
colonial  possessions  were  seized  by  the  British.  At  the  es- 
tablishment of  peace  in  1814  the  Prince  of  Orange  resumed 
his  authority,  and  the  colonial  possessions,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope,  Ceylon,  Demerara,  Esse- 
quibo,  and  Berbice,  were  restored,  and  a  period  of  commer- 
cial prosperity  succeeded.  By  the  act  of  the  Allied  Powera 
the  Prince  of  Orange  was  in  1816  elevated  to  the  rank  of 
King  of  the  Netherlands,  with  increased  territories,  extend- 
ing over  the  present  kingdom  of  Belgium.  In  ISItO  a  re- 
volt took  place  in  Belgium,  the  inhabitants  of  which  never 
willingly  submitted  to  the  sway  of  their  Dutch  neighbors, 
and,  after  a  short  struggle,  the  Latter  were  compelled  to 
evacuate  the  country.  Belgium  was  then  erected  into  % 
kingdom;  and  the  present  limits  of  the  Kingdom  of  the 
Netherlands  were  defined  by  treaty  in  ]S."{3.  But  tho 
province  of  Limburg  was  partly  under  the  control  of  the 
German  Confederation  until  1866,  since  which  time  it  has 

been  on  the  same  footing  as  the  other  Dutch  provinces. 

Adj.  Netherlandish  and  Dutch;  inhab.  Dutchmax.  See 
Holland. 

Netherlands  Indies,  a  name  applied  collectively  to 
the  Dutch  possessions  in  the  East  Indies,  including  Javaj 
Madura,  Banca,  Sumatra,  Bingtang,  Billiton,  Celebes,  tho 
Moluccas,  Bali,  Lombok,  and  many  minor  islands,  and  parts 
of  Borneo,  Papua,  and  Timor.  Total  area,  719,674  square 
miles.     Pop.  (1889)  29,765,031. 

Neth'cr  Prov'ideuce,  a  post-township  of  Delaware 
CO.,  Pa.     Pop.  1448. 

Nether's  Mill,  a  hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Va.,  20  miles 
from  Culpeper.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Neth'erthong,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  4  miles 
S.  of  lluddersfield.     Pop.  1092. 

Nethou,  Pic,  Pyrenees.    See  Pic  Nethou. 

Net'ley,  a  village  of  England,  in  Hants,  3  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Southampton,  noted  for  the  ruins  of  its  abbey 
and  for  its  military  hospital  and  army  medical  school. 

Neto,  ni'to,  or  Nicto,  ne-4'to  (anc.  Nexthns),  a  small 
river  in  the  S.  of  It^y,  falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Taranto  near 
39°  15'  N.  lat. 

Netolitz,  nA'to-litz\  a  town  of  Bohemia,  14  miles  N-W, 
of  Budweis.     Pop.  2638. 

Nettkow,  ndtt'kov,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  gov- 
ernment of  Liegnitz,  on  the  Oder.     Pop.  1163. 

Net'tleborough,  a  post-office  of  Clarke  co.,  Ala. 

Net'tle  Car'rier,  a  post-office  of  Overton  co.,  Tcnn, 

Nettle  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Grundy  co..  111.,  in 
Nettle  Creek  township,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Morris.  The' 
township  contains  several  churches.     Pop.  916. 

Nettle  Creek,  township,  Eandolph  co.,  Ind.    P.  1459. 

Nettle  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Dalton  township,  about  20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Richmond. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Nettle  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co..  Pa. 

Nettle  Knob,  a  post-office  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C. 

Nettle  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Williams  co.,  0. 

Nettle  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Patrick  eo.,  Va. 

Net'tleton,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Edwards  co., 
Kansas,  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad,  18 
miles  S.W.  of  Lamed. 

Nettleton,  a  post-office  of  Caldwell  co..  Mo.,  on  tho 
Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  Railroad,  22  miles  W.  of  Chilli- 
eothc. 

Nettstal,  nStt'stll,  a  town  and  parish  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  1  mile  N.  of  Glarus,  on  the  Linth.     Pop.  255S, 

Nettuno,  nit-too'no,  a  seaport  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  31  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rome.  It  has  the  ruins  of  a  temple 
of  Neptune  (whence  its  name),  and  is  supposed  to  occupy 
the  site  of  the  ancient  Cse'no.     Pop.  2165. 

Netum,  the  ancient  name  of  Noto. 

Netze,  nSt's^h,  a  river  of  Prussia,  joins  the  Warta  6 
miles  E.  of  Landsberg.     Total  course,  about  140  miles. 

Netzschkau,  nStsh'kow,  a  town  of  Saxony,  13  miles 
S.W.  of  Zwickau.  It  has  manufactures  of  cotton  goods 
and  paper.     Pop.  3278. 

Neu,  noi,  or  Neuen,  noi'en,  a  German  word,  signify^ 
ing  "  new,"  prefixed  to  the  names  of  many  places  in  Ger- 
many, as  Neu-Markt,  "new  market,"  Neo-Buro,  "new 
castle,"  <to. 


NBU 


1950 


NEU 


Neu  Arnd,  no!  A'rit  (Ilun.  VJ  Arad,  oo'o  flr'Sd'),  lies 
•croM  the  river  from  AU  Ariul,  in  tbo  biiniit  of  Teuiesvar, 
and  i*  ohieAy  reinarkablo  for  ita  extensive  furtreM,  oue  of 
the  iitrongest  in  llunjjury,  and  used  also  as  ii  prison. 

Neubau,  noi'bOw,  a  western  suburb  of  Viunno,  in  Aus- 
tria.    r»m.  75,064. 
Ncu-BidschoW)  Austria.    See  Bidsciiow. 

Neu-UistritZy  nui-bis'trits,  t,  town  of  Bohemia,  33 
milca  S.E.  of  Tabor.     Pop.  3420. 

Ncuboiirg,  niih^boou',  a  market-town  of  France,  in 
Euro,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Evrcux.     Pop.  2186. 

Neu'Uraiidenburg,  noi-brAu'd^n-bOSno^  a  town  of 
Mocklouburg-Strclitz,  on  Lake  Tollcn,  17  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Neu-Strelitz.  It  hiis  a  duoal  paliuso,  several  ehurohes, 
and  manufactures  of  tobacco,  chemical  products,  pluying- 
eunls,  cottons,  and  woollens.     Pop.  7496. 

Neu-Ilreisach,  noi-bri'a&k  (Fr.  iVeuf-BrUach,  nuf 
brce'zlk'),  a  town  of  Alsace,  near  the  Rhine,  opposite  Crci- 
caob,  on  the  Colmar-Freiburg  Ilailway,  and  on  the  Rhone 
Canal.     Pop.  2772. 

Neubrunn,  noi'brtSon,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  in  Lower 
Franconia,  near  lleidenfeld.     Pop.  1224. 

Neu'burg  (Ger.  pron.  noi'b56uo),  a  town  of  Bavaria, 
circio  of  Swabia,  formerly  capital  of  a  duchy  of  its  own 
name,  on  the  Danube,  29  miles  N.N.E.  of  Augsburg.  It 
has  remains  of  ancient  fortifications,  a  castle  containing  a 
theatre  and  museum,  an  arsenal,  barracks,  a  church  with  a 
line  painting  by  llubons,  a  royal  institute,  and  several  su- 
perior schools,  breweries,  and  distilleries.     Pop.  7291. 

Neubiirg,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Bavaria,  near  the  Rhine, 
la  miles  S.E.  of  Landau.     Pop.  1538. 

Neiichutcl,  a  canton  of  Switzerland.  SeeNEUFcaATEL. 

Neucliatel,  noo-sha-tel',  a  post- village  of  Nemaha  co., 
Kansas,  about  60  miles  N.W.  of  Topeka.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  347. 

Nendamm,  noi'd&mm,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Branden- 
burg, 28  miles  N.N.E.  of  Frankfort.     Pop.  33S0. 

Neudek,  noi'ddk,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  10  miles  N.  of 
Elbogen,  on  the  Rohl.a,  with  two  castles.     Pop.  2805. 

Ncudenau,  noi'd^h-now^  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the 
Jaxt,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Wimpfen,     Pop.  1225. 

>i  eudorf,  noi'doiif,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria,  9  miles  S. 
of  Vienna.     Pop.  1677. 

Ncudorf)  a  village  of  Austria,  Moravia,  circle  of  Ilra- 
disch.     Pop.  1887. 

Neiidorf,  a  vilUige  of  Austria.    See  Kosigsfeld. 

Neudorf,  a  town  of  North  Hungary.    See  Iolo. 

Neuenburg,  noi'<;n-booRG\  a  town  of  Prussia,  11  miles 
S.W.  of  Marienwerdcr,  on  the  Vistula.     Pop.  4712. 

Nuiicnbnrg,  a  town  of  WUrtcmberg,  on  the  Enz,  27 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1890. 

Nciienburg:,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the  Rhino,  19  miles 
S.W.  of  Freiburg.     Pop.  1271. 

Neuenburg,  Switzerland.    See  Nedfchatel. 

Neuendorf,  noi'^n-douP,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
2  miles  N.  of  Coblentz,  on  the  Rhine.     Pop.  2754. 

Ncueneck,  or  Neuenegg,  noi'?n-fik\  a  village  of 
Switzerhinil,  canton  and  8  miles  S.W.  of  Bern.     Pop.  2333. 

Ncuenhaus,  noi'?n-howss\  a  town  of  Prussi.i,  in  Han- 
over, 50  miles  W.N.W.  of  Osnaburg.     Pop.  1418. 

Neuenkirchcn,  noi'§n-kc5i{K"?n,  a  village  of  Prussia, 
in  Hanover,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Osnaburg.     Pop.  1419. 

Neuenkirchcn,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  37 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Mindcn.     Pop.  1380. 

Neucnrnde,  noi'en-ri'd^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  West- 
phalia, 14  miles  S.W.  of  Arnsberg.     Pop.  1572. 

Neucnstadt,orNeuenstadt-am-Kocher,noi'^n- 
Btiltt^  im  ko'K§r,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on  the  Kocher,  8 
miles  N.E.  of  lleilbronn.     Pop.  1462. 

Neuenstadt,  the  German  for  Neuvevili.e. 

Neuensteiu,  noi'^n-stine',  a  town  of  Wurtcraberg,  on 
the  Eppach,  31  miles  N.W.  of  Ellwangen.     Pop.  1490, 

Ncuerburg,  noi'?r-boo(io\  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
23  miles  N.AV.  of  Treves.     Pop.  1532. 

Neuern,  noi'^rn.  OnEn,  o'b^r,  and  Unter,  oon't^r, 
two  contiguous  small  towns  of  Bohemia,  11  miles  S.W.  of 
Klatt.au.     United  pop.  1371. 

Neufahrwasser,  noi'fan-^ls's^r,  a  village  of  West 
Prussia,  at  the  mouth  of  the  W.  arm  of  the  Vistula,  4  miles 
by  rail  N.  of  Duntzic,  of  which  it  is  the  port.  It  has  a 
light-house,  and  is  defended  by  a  fort.     Pop.  3968. 

Neuf-llrisach,a  town  of  Alsace.  See  Neu-Bueisach. 

Ncufcliateau,  nLTsha,'to',  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Vosgus,  on  the  Mouzon,  neivr  the  Mouse,  36  miles 
N.W.  of  Epinal.  Pop.  3920.  It  has  a  communal  college, 
a  public  library,  and  manufactures  of  coarse  woollens,  doe- 
skins, and  cotton  quilts. 


Ncnfch&tcau,  nrrshd'tS',  a  town  of  Belgium  ii 
Luxembourg,  19  miles  S.W.  of  IJastogno.     Pop.  1S95. ' 

Neufchfitel,  or  Neuchutel,  nuch'lUil'  (Ger.  A'ch»h 
hunj,  noi'^n-boOuo*),  a  frontier  canton  in  the  N.W.  port  o| 
Switzerland,  having  on  the  S.E.  the  Lake  of  NeuJohaiel 
and  on  other  sides  Franco  and  the  cantons  of  Born  Bn< 
Vaud.  Area,  281  square  miles.  Pop.  102,843,  mostly  Prot 
estants.  The  Jura  Mountains  intersect  it  from  S.  to  N. 
and  the  river  Doubs  bounds  it  on  the  N.W.  Except  wiii« 
kitchen  vegeUiblcs,  and  hay,  the  vegct;ible  products  arc  io 
sutrioiont  for  home  consumption  ;  corn  is  imported  from  tin 
cantons  of  Bern  and  Basel.  Many  cattle  are  reared,  oui 
ohecso  is  an  important  exjvort.  Many  of  the  inhobitaiitj 
are  more  or  less  employed  in  watchmaking,  in  both  tltt 
urban  and  rural  districts.  Cotton  fabrics,  hosiery,  cutlery 
and  metallic  wares  generally  are  the  other  chief  manufao 
tures.  Until  1848  NeufehHtel  acknowledged  the  sovcreiguii 
of  Prussia,  but,  a  revolution  having  then  occurred,  it  is  nov 
a  full  member  of  the  Swiss  Confederation.  The  i)rineipu 
towns  are  Ncufohitel,  the  capital,  Chaux-do-Fond«,  am 
Locle.     The  French  language  is  prevalent. 

Neufchiltel  (Ger.  A'eiiKnburi/,  noi'^n-bSono'),  a  town  ol 
Switzerland,  capital  of  the  above  canton,  on  tlie  N.W.  sbon 
of  Lake  Neufchatel,  25  miles  W.  of  Born.  It  has  an  un 
cicnt  castle,  a  cathedral  of  the  twelfth  century,  a  towi 
hall,  with  a  public  library,  nn  orphan  asylum,  founded  ir 
1722,  several  hospitals,  a  coUogo,  and  a  collection  of  natura 
history.  It  is  the  chief  entrepot  of  the  canton,  and  hui 
considerable  trade  in  wine,  corn,  cattle,  watches,  lace,  cot 
ton  stuffs,  <tc.     Pop.  13,321.     See  Lake  ok  Neukciiatkl. 

Neufchfttel-en-Bray,  nush'&'tfil'-ft.vi-bri,  atown  ol 
France,  department  of  Seine-Infericuro,  25  miles  N.E.  el 
Rouen,  on  the  Bcthune,  and  on  the  railway  from  Paris  ti 
Calais.  Pop.  3686.  It  is  famed  for  its  cheese,  in  which 
with  butter  and  flour,  it  has  a  considerable  trade. 

Noutfen,  noiff^n,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  9  miles  N.E 
of  Reutlingen.     Pop.  1914. 

Neufra,  noi'fri,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  llohenzollern, oi 
the  Fehl.     Pop.  1184. 

Neu  Freienwaldc,  Prussia.    See  Fueiexwai.dk. 

Ncugedein,  noi'gh§h-dine\  or  Kdyuic,  kdin'yd,j 
town  of  Bohemia,  14  miles  W.  of  Klattau.     Pop.  1988. 
has  important  woollen-manufactures. 

Ncugucn,  or  Neuque.    See  Diaifante. 

Neu'IIaidensleben,  Prussia.    See  llALnE.NSLEDRX. 

Neuhaus,noi'h6wss,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  23  miles  S.S.E 
of  Tabor.  Pop.  8660.  It  has  a  handsome  palace  of  Coun 
Czornin,  a  Jesuit  college,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth 
linen,  and  paper. 

Neuhaus,  a  town  of  Prussi.a,  in  Westphalia,  40  mile 
S.S.W.  of  Minden,  on  the  Lippe.     Pop.  2038. 

Neuhaus,  a  town  of  Prussia,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Stade 
with  a  port  on  the  Oste.     Pop.  1569. 

NeuliSiusel,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Ersek-Ujvar, 

Neuliauseu,  noi'how^zgn,  or  Ncuhnu!!icn>auf< 
den-Fildern,  noi'how'z^n  owf  dJn  fil'dvin,  a  town  ol 
Wiirtemberg,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Esslingen.     Pop.  2645, 

Neuhauscn,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on  the  Erms 
N.W.  of  Urach.     Pop.  1282. 

Ncuhauscu,  or  Neuliauscn-ob-Eck,  noi'how'i^i 
ob  6k,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  5  miles  E.  of  Tuttlingcn 

Neuhof,  noi'hif,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  N.  of  Czndlan 
with  a  magnificent  castle,  surrounded  with  lino  gardens 
and  possessing  a  library  of  25,000  volumes.     Pop.  1342, 

Neu  Holitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Hoi.itz. 

Neu  Hrozinkau,  noi  h'ro'zin-kow^,  a  village  of  Mo 
ravia,  48  miles  from  Weisskirchen.     Pop.  3050. 

Neuill6-Pont-Pierre,  nuh'yi'-pi.No'-pc-aiu',  a  vil 
lage  of  France,  Indre-et- Loire,  13  itiiles  N.N.W.  of  Tours 

Neuilly,  nuh^yeo',  a  village  of  France,  in  llaute-Marne 
6  miles  E.  of  Langres.     Pop.  1212. 

Neuilly-en-Thelle,  nuh'yee'6N-»-t{ll,  a  village  ol 
France,  in  Oise,  13  miles  W.  of  Senlis.     Pop.  1982. 

Neuilly-le-R^al,  nuh^yce'-l^h-ri'il',  a  village  ol 
France,  in  Allier,  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Moulins.     Pop.  1553 

Neuilly-Ie-Vendin,  nuh'y«e'-lQh-v6.v'dJN"',  »  vil 
lage  of  France,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Mayenne.     Pop.  1427. 

Ncuilly-Saint-Front,  nuh^yoe'-gi.v-fr6x°,  a  towi 
of  France,  in  Aisne,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Ch.atcau-Thiorry. 

Neuilly- 8ur- Seine,  nuh'yee'-sUu-sin,  a  town  olj 
France,  department  and  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Seine 
here  crossed  by  a  noble  stone  bridge  of  five  arches,  Ii  milo^ 
from  the  AV.^  extremity  of  Paris,  and  on  the  road  W  Saijitj 
Germai 
modern 
royal 


ain.     Pop.  20,781.     It  has  a  handsome  church,  finj 
rn  villas,  and  picturesque  well-wooded  suburbs.    Thj 

.„^_.  chateau  of  Neuilly,  built  in  the  reign  of  Louis  Xj  . 

was  the  favorite  summer  residence  of  Louis  Philippe,  bu 


NEU 


1951 


NEU 


1  was  destroyed  during  the  revolution  of  1848.     The  park 
extends  some  distance  along  the  right  bank  of  the  river. 
'  Here  are  dye-works,  distilleries,  nurseries,  and  manufactures 
of  chemical  products,  porcelain,  colors,  and  preserves. 

Neu-Iseiiburg,  noi-ee'z^n-boSna^  a  village  of  Ger- 
many, grand  duchy  of  Hesse,  13  miles  N.  of  Darmstadt. 
Pop.  4432.     It  was  founded  by  French  colonists  in  1700. 

Neukaleii,noi'kiM5n,atownof  Mecklenburg-Schwerin, 
26  miles  E.  of  Giistrow.     Pop.  2333. 

Neukirch,  noi'keeuK,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  9 
miles  E.S.B.  of  Lcobschiitz.     Pop.  1052. 

Neukirch,  four  small  villages  and  parishes  of  Switzer- 
land, the  largest  in  the  canton  of  Thurgau.     Pop.  2653. 

Neukirch,  Niedeii,  nee'd^r,  and  Oder,  o'b^r,  a  town  of 
rrussia,  government  and  S.W.  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  1479. 

Neukirchen,  noi'koSBk^^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  on  the 
Grenft,  6  miles  S.B.  of  Ziegenhain.     Pop.  1657. 

Ncukloster,  noi'klos't^r,  a  village  of  Mecklenburg- 
Schwcrin,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  VVismar.     Pop.  1605. 

Neu-Koliii,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Kolix. 

Nculerchenfeld,  Austria.    See  Lerchenfeld. 

Neulise,  nuh^leez',  a  town  of  Franco,  department  of 
Loire,  7  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Roanne.     Pop.  1239. 

NeU"Lissa,  noi-lis'si,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  21  miles 
X.E.  of  Prague.     Pop.  3450. 

Neu«Lublau,  the  German  name  of  Lublo. 

Ncumngcii,  noi'mi-gh^n,  a  village  of  llhcnish  Prus- 
sia, 14  miles  N.E.  of  Treves,  on  the  Moselle.     Pop.  1494. 

Neu-Mamajcsztie,  noi-mi-m4-yesh'tee,  a  village  of 
Austria,  in  Bukowina.     Pop.  2203. 

Neumansdorp,  Netherlands.    See  Buitensluis. 

Neumark,  noi'mank,  a  walled  town  of  West  Prussia, 
35  miles  S.E.  of  Marienwerder,  on  the  Drewenz.    Pop.  2371. 

Neumark,  a  town  of  liohemia,  circle  and  16  miles 
M.S,.\f.  of  Klattau.     Pop.  1390. 

i  Nenmarkt,  noi'mankt,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  19 
■nilesby  rail  W.N.W.  of  Breslau.  Pop.  5531.  Itis  enclosed 
)j  walls,  and  has  manufactures  of  woollens  and  linens. 

Neumarkt,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Sulz,  21  miles 
,).E.  of  Nuremberg.     Pop.  46U0.     It  is  enclosed  by  walls, 
j,nd  has  manufactures  of  silk  and  tobacco. 
I  Neumarkt,  Transylvania.    See  Mauos-Vasauhei,y. 

Neumarkt  (It.  E^na,  4n'yi),a  town  of  Austria,  Tyrol, 
.2  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Botzen,  on  the  Adige.     Pop.  1476. 

Neumiinster,  noi'miin^st^r,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hol- 
:ein,  17  miles  S.S.E.  of  Kiel,  at  a  railway  junction.  Pop. 
0,108.  It  has  manufactures  of  shoes,  cloth  gloves,  buttons, 
;iirits,  beer,  <fec. 

Neunburg-vor-dcm-Wald,  noin'bt55BO-voR-d6m- 

ilt,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  27  miles  N.N.E,  of   llatisbon. 

op^.  2262. 

Neundorf,  noin'doRf,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  circle  of 

untzlau.     Pop.  1050. 

Neundorf,  Grcss,  groce  noin'donf,  a  village  of  Prus- 

an  Silesia,  government  of  Oppeln,  circle  of  Ncisse.  P.  1339. 

Ncu-Nechanitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia.   See  Nechanitz, 

^cunkirch,  noin'keenK,  a  town  and  parish  of  Switzer- 

nd,  canton  and  6  miles  W.  of  Schaffhausen.     Pop.  1537. 

Neunkirchen,  noin'keeuK^n.or  Oberneiinkirch- 

II,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  38  miles  S.E.  of  Treves, 
has  a  coal-mine,  and  manufactures  of  machinery,  fus- 

m,  iron,  .fee.     Pop.  11,169. 

Neunkirchen,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria,  10  miles  S.W. 
•  Neustadt,  on  the  railway  to  Glocknitz.     Pop.  4575. 

[Neupaka,  noi'pi'kl,  or  Paka,  pil'kl,  a  town  of  Bo- 

,mia,  57  miles  N.E.  of  Prague.     Pop.  4485,  mostly  em- 

:  3yed  in  cotton-factories. 

(Neu-Pozig,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    Sec  Weisstvasseb. 

jNeuque,  Argentine  Republic.    See  Diamante. 

jNeurenbnrg,  the  Dutch  name  of  NuREMBEno. 

iNeureusch,  noi'roish,  written  also  Nowarzisse,  a 

vn  of  Moravia,  6  miles  from  Scheletau.     Pop.  1000. 
^^_  (Neurode,  noi'ro-deh,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  46 
^■i;  les  S.W.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  6497.     It  has  an  ancient  cas- 
^^■t  ,  and  manufactures  of  flannels,  woollens,  and  linens.    It 
^^B    I  also  coal-mines. 

^■l  Veu-lluppin,  noi-r5op-peen'  (i.e.,  "New  Ruppin"),  a 

^■^'  m  of  Prussia,  province  of  Brandenburg,  on  the  W.  side 

Lake  Ruppin,  39  miles  N.W.  of  Berlin.     Pop.  12,470. 

I  has  a,  castle,  a  large  and  fine  church,  a  council  hall,  a 

lunasium,  hospital,  prison,  barracks,  and  manufactures 

;  woollen  stuffs,  gloves,  leather,  tobacco,  and  chiccory.   Its 

^e  is  greatly  facilitated  by  the  Ruppin  Canal  between 

1  Havel  and  the  Rhine. 

tieusalz,  noi'sdlts,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  48  miles 

"i-yif.  of  Liegnitz,  on  the  Oder.   Pop.  5895.    It  has  docks 

'  t  manufactures  of  linen  and  laoo. 


Neu-Sandec,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Sandec. 

Neiisatz,  noi'sits  (Hun.  UJvidek,  oo^ee-vce'daik'),  a 
town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Bacs,  on  the  Danube,  opposite 
Petorwardein,  with  which  it  communicates  by  a  bridge  of 
boats.  In  the  war  of  1849  it  was  almost  completely  de- 
stroyed, but  is  now  rebuilt  and  prosperous.  It  is  strongly 
fortified,  and  is  a  Greek  bishop's  see.     Pop.  19,119. 

Neuschlott,  a  town  of  Finland.     See  Nyslott. 

Neu-Schottland,  the  German  name  of  Nova  Scotia. 

Neuse,  nuss,  a  river  of  North  Carolina,  rises  near  the 
N.  border  of  Orange  co.,  and  runs  southeastward  through 
the  cos.  of  Wake,  Johnston,  Wayne,  Lenoir,  and  Craven. 
It  enters  the  W.  part  of  Pamlico  Sound  through  an  estuary 
which  is  about  30  miles  long  and  3  or  4  miles  wide.  It  ii 
nearly  300  miles  long,  and  is  navigable  by  steamboats  from 
its  mouth  to  Goldsborough.  Below  this  place  it  runs 
through  a  level  and  sandy  country.  Small  boats  can 
ascend  to  Smithville. 

Neuse,  a  post-oflSce  of  AVake  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  Neuse 
River,  and  on  the  Raleigh  &  Gaston  Railroad,  10  miles  N.E. 
of  Raleigh. 

Ncu-Seeland,  the  German  name  of  New  Zealand. 

Neu-Shehr,  ni-oo'-sh^h'r',  written  also  Nemb« 
Shehr,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  120  miles  N.E.  of 
Konieh.  Lat.  38°  37'  N.;  Ion.  34°  37'  E.  It  stands  at  the 
height  of  3940  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  with  a  bold 
ravine  in  front,  and  a  background  of  high  cliffs  of  volcanio 
rock,  containing  about  3000  houses,  2  large  mosques,  a 
Greek  church,  and  a  quadrangular  castle  with  round  towers 
at  the  corners.     Pop.  15,000. 

Neiisiedl,  Lake  of.    See  Lakr  of  Netjsiedl. 

Ni'eusiedl-am-See,  noi'sced'1-im-sA  (Hun.  N^cxider, 
ni'zeeMair'),  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Wicselburg,  on  the 
Lake  of  Neusiedl,  19  miles  S.W.  of  Prcsburg.     Pop.  2411. 

Neusohl,noi'zul  (Hun.  Besztercze-lianyu,  bfissHSnt'sA* 
bdn'yoh^),  a  town  of  Hungary,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Sohl, 
on  the  Gran,  at  the  influx  of  the  Bistritz,  80  miles  N.  of 
Pesth.  Lat.  48°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  19°  3'  E.  Pop.  3600,  or,  with 
adjoining  villages,  11,780,  nearly  half  of  whom  are  Prot- 
estants. It  has  an  ancient  castle,  numerous  churches,  in 
one  of  which  is  a  bell  weighing  6  tons,  a  hospital,  Roman 
Catholic  and  Lutheran  colleges,  several  superior  schools, 
manufactures  of  sword-blades  and  beet-root  sugar,  a  con- 
siderable trade  in  linens  and  beer,  and  one  of  the  largest 
smelting-houses  in  Hungary,  it  being  the  seat  of  a  mining 
council  and  tribunal.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Neuss,  noiss  (anc.  Nove'alnm,  or  No'va  Cas'tra),  a  forti- 
fied town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Dusseldorf,  at 
a  railway  junction,  on  a  canal  which  joins  the  Rhine.  Pop. 
15,364.  It  has  numerous  manufactories  of  woollen  and 
cotton  cloths,  hardware,  machinery,  starch,  leather,  dyes, 
ribbons,  and  velvets.  In  451  it  was  sacked  by  Attila;  in 
1254  it  joined  the  Ilanseatic  League.  In  its  vicinity  nu- 
merous urns  and  Roman  medals  have  been  found. 

Neustadt,  noi'stdtt,  or  Wiener-Neustadt,  ^ee'- 
n§r-noi'stitt,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria,  13  miles  S.  of 
Vienna,  near  the  Hungarian  frontier,  on  the  railway  to 
Gratz,  on  the  small  river  Kerbach,  and  on  the  canal  to 
Vienna.  Lat.  47°  48'  N.;  Ion.  16°  13'  E.  The  town  is 
regularly  built,  surrounded  by  walls  and  entered  by  four 
gates.  It  was  formerly  the  residence  of  the  emperors,  and 
has  a  cathedral  of  the  thirteenth  century  with  two  tall 
towers,  an  old  royal  castle,  a  gymnasium,  a  Cistercian 
abbey  with  a  library  and  museums,  military  academy,  ex- 
tensive sugar-refineries,  cotton-manufactures,  breweries,  and 
paper-mills.     Pop.  (1890)  25,324. 

Neustadt,  a  town  of  Lower  Bavaria,  on  the  Danube, 
22  miles  S.W.  of  Ratisbon.     Pop.  1728. 

Neustadt,  noi'stitt,  or  Nowemiesto,  no-v6m-y5s'to, 
a  town  of  Bohemia,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Kbniggriitz.    P.  2162. 

Neustadt,  a  town  of  Brunswick,  on  the  Harzburg  Rail- 
way, 24  miles  S.  of  Brunswick.     Pop.  1965. 

Neustadt,  a  town  of  Germany,  Baden,  on  two  small 
rivers,  18  miles  E.S.E.  of  Freiburg.     Pop.  2289. 

Neustadt,  a  town  of  Germany,  Mecklenburg-Schwerin, 
on  the  Elde,  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Schwerin.     Pop.  1559. 

Neustadt,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Nagy  Banya. 

Neustadt,  a  town  of  Moravia,  on  a  railway,  13  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Olmutz.     Pop.  4498. 

Neustadt,  or  Weihersfrei,  ^-I'^rs-frP,  a  town  of 
Prussia,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Dantzio.     Pop.  4506. 

Neustadt,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassau,  17  milea 
E.  of  Marburg.     Pop.  1948. 

Neustadt,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Holstein,  on  the  Baltio^ 
13  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lubeck,  with  a  harbor  for  small  vessels, 
and  some  trade  and  ship-building.     Pop.  4205. 

Neustadt,  nu'st&t  or  noi'st&tt,  or  Pruduik,  prSSd' 


NE(7 


19S2 


NEV 


Bik, »  tovra  of  Prussia,  govern tnont  and  29  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Oppolo.  It  18  tolornbly  well  built,  and  boa  a  Protestant 
and  3  lloman  Cutliulio  churches,  a  synagogue,  2  huvpitals, 
a  convent,  nnd  ostunsivo  luaiuifacturos.     Pup.  12,515. 

Nc>U8tndt,  a  town  of  Kbunisb  Prussia,  32  miles  £.  of 
Cologne.     Pup.  1549. 

Neiisladtt  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  2  miles  N.  of 
Mngduburg,  of  which  it  is  a  suburb.     Pop.  24,093. 

NeiiHtadt)  a  town  of  Transylvania,  near  Kronstadt. 
Pop.  22ue. 

Nciitttndt,  a  town  of  'Wiirtoniberg,  on  the  Kochor,  S 
miles  N.l<:.  of  Ileilbronn.     Pup.  19U5. 

Neiistadt,  nii'st&t,  a  post-village  in  Qroy  oo.,  Ontario, 
on  a  bnmch  of  the  Saugoon  Uivor,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Dur- 
ham. It  hoa  several  stores  and  hotels,  saw-  and  grist- 
uiills,  a  brewery,  woollen-factory,  carding-  and  flax-mills,  a 
foundry,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop,  650. 

Nciistadt,  Switzerland.    See  Villbneute. 

Ncustadt-am-Rubenberge,  noi'st&tt  km  roo'b^n- 
bdRg\h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Uanovor,  on 
the  Loinc.     Pop.  2314. 

Nciistadt-an-der-Aisch,  noi'st&tt  &n  dSn  ish,  a 
lown  of  Bavaria,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Anspach.  Pop.  3086. 
It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  2  castles,  and  manufactures 
of  leather  and  of  cotton  and  woollen  cloths. 

Neustadt-an-dcr-IIardt,  noi'st&tt  &n  ddn  bantt,  a 
town  of  Rhenish  Bavaria,  12  miles  N.  of  Landau.  Pop. 
10,222.  It  bos  manufactures  of  muskets,  paper,  woollen 
cloth,  chemicals,  and  vinegar,  and  oil-  and  gun{>owder-raiIls. 

Neustadt-an-der-IIeide,  noi'stitt  An  din  hi'dfh, 
ft  town  of  Germany,  duchy  of  Saxe-Coburg,  9  miles  N.E. 
of  Coburg.     Pop.  3207. 

Neiistadt-an-der-Orla^  noi'stiltt  hn  ddn  or'IJL,  a 
town  of  (jermany,  grand  duchy  of  Saxe-Weimar,  24  miles 
S.E.  of  Weimar,  on  the  Oria,  an  affluent  of  the  Saale.  Pop. 
4816.  It  has  a  ducal  residence,  and  manufactures  of  wool- 
len cloths,  linens,  and  leather. 

Neustadt-aii-der-Saale,  noi'st&tt  &n  dir  s&'I^h,  a 
town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Saalc,  40  miles  N.E.  of  Wilrzburg. 
Pop.  2202. 

Neustadt-an-der-Waldnab,  noi'stitt  &n  din  ^&lt'- 
nlb,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  31  miles  S.E.  of  Baireuth.  P.  1449. 

Neustadt-bei-Stolpcn,  noi'st&tt  bi  stol'p^n,  a  town 
of  Saxony,  21  miles  E.  of  Dresden,  on  the  Polenz.    P.  2982. 

Neustadt-Eberswalde,  noi'st&tt  i'bfrs-Mrd^b,  a 
town  of  Prussia,  province  of  Brandenburg,  on  the  Finnow 
Canal,  24  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Berlin.  Pop.  10,483,  cm- 
ployed  in  manufactures  of  porcelain,  ivory-,  brass-,  iron-, 
ami  steel-wares,  and  woollen  and  linen  fabrics. 

NcnstUdtei-bei-Schnecberg, noi'st6t-t§l  bi  shn&'- 
bdno,  a  town  of  Saxony,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Zwickau.  P.  3319. 

Ncustadtl  (Bohemian,  Noioymiesto,  no-vim-yds'to),  a 
town  of  Moravia,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Iglau.  Pop.  2218.  It 
has  a  castle  and  iron-mines. 

NcustRdtl)  noi'stfitt'l  (Hun.  Kiszueza  Vjhely,  kis^soo'- 
i'z&^  oo'ee'hdi'),  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Trcntschin,  45 
miles  N.  of  Kremnitz. 

Ncustadtl,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  40  miles  N.AV. 
of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  1950. 

Neustadtl-an-der-Waag,  noi'stitt'l  &n  din  Mg 
(Uun.  Vugh  Ujheli/,  v&g  oo^ee'hfil'),  a  town  of  Hungary, 
CO.  and  33  miles  N.N.W.  of  Neutra,  on  the  Waag.  Pop. 
5451.     It  has  a  manufactory  of  woollen  cloth. 

Ncust^ldti-Rudoiphswerthf  noi'stdtt'l  roo'dolfs- 
*i»ii(t\  or  Novomes'to,  a  town  of  Austria,  38  miles  S.E. 
of  Laybach,  on  the  Gurk.     Pop.  1850. 

Ncustettin,  noi^stfit-teen',  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pome- 
rania,  39  miles  S.S.E.  of  Coslin.  It  has  manufactures  of 
woollen  cloth,  leather,  hats,  serge,  <fec.     Pop.  6937. 

Ncustift,  noi'stift,  a  town  of  Tyrol,  11  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Innspruck.     Pop.  1241. 

Neu-StrelitZy  noi  stri'lits,  a  town  of  Germany,  capi- 
tal of  the  grand  duchy  of  Mecklenburg-Strelitz,  between 
Lakes  Zierker  and  Qlombeck,  60  miles  N.N.W.  of  Berlin. 
Pop.  8525.  It  is  the  usual  residence  of  the  grand  duke  and 
court,  and  has  a  theatre,  college,  mint,  and  other  govern- 
ment offices,  a  public  library,  and  a  collection  of  antiquities. 

Neustria,  or  Neustrie,  France.    Sec  Normandv. 

Ncuteich,  noi'tiK  (Polish,  Nitych,  nee'tiK),  a  town  of 
West  Prussia,  21  miles  S.E.  of  Dantzic.     Pop.  2024. 

Neiititschein,  noi'tit-sluno*,  or  Nowy-Gyrin,  no'- 
■*e-ghlr'in,  a  town  of  Moravia,  26  miles  E.N.E.  of  Prerau. 
Pop.  8645,  many  of  whom  are  employed  in  woollen-weaving 
and  making  flannel.     Near  it  is  a  mineral  spring. 

Neiitra,  noi'tr&  (Hun.  iV^yiVra,  nee'trSh^  or  nyee'trCh'), 
a  river  of  Hungary,  flows  circuitously  S.S.W.,  and  joins 
the  Waag  on  the  left.    Length,  about  100  miles. 


Ncatrn,  a  town  of  Hungary,  on  the  Neutra,  46  milet 
E.N.E.  of  Presburg.  Pun.  1(),C)S3.  It  has  a  strong  castle 
a  cathedral,  a  collugo,  and  a  gymnasium.  ' 

Neutra^  a  county  of  Hungary,  bounded  N.  and  N.W. 
by  Muravia.     Capital,  Neutra.     I'op.  361,005. 

Neutral  (nu'tral)  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cherokee  oo, 
Kansas,  44  miles  S.  of  Fort  Scott.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Neutral  Station,  Kansas.    See  Bidisii  Ckkkk. 

Neu-Treptow,  noi  trfip'tow,  a  town  of  I'mxnin,  pror. 
inco  of  Pomcrania,  on  the  Itcga,  IB  miles  W.S.W.  of  (.'ol- 
berg.     It  bus  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth.     Pop.  fi7'.'4. 

Neu>Ulin,  noi  oolm,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Dnnubo, 
onposite  Ulm  in  Wiirtcmberg.  It  has  manufac-tures  uf 
cnoiuical  products.     Pop.  6930. 

Ncuvc-Eglisc,  nuv-&'glecz',  a  villnge  of  France,  ia 
Cantal,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Saint-Flour.     Pop.  2000. 

Ncuveville,  nuvVcel'  (Ger.  Ntuenittadt,  noi'^nstili'), 
a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Bern,  on  the  N.W.  shuro 
of  the  Lake  of  Bienne,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Bienne.  Pop.  2022. 

Ncuvic,  nuh'vcek',  a  town  of  France,  in  Corriite,  12 
miles  S.  of  Ussel.     Pop.  1075. 

Neuvic,  a  town  of  France,  in  Ilaute-Vionnc,  17  miles 
S.E.  of  Limoges.     Pop.  1911. 

Neuvillc,  niih'veel',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vicnno,  8 
miles  N.W.  of  Poitiers.     Pop.  1883. 

Neuville,  or  Neuville-au-BoiM,  nuh*vecl'  0  bwi, 
town  of  France,  in  Loiret,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Orleans. 

Neuville,  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  arrondissemcnt 
of  Cambrai.     Pop.  of  commune,  4324. 

Ncuvillc-sur-Sauiie,  nuh'vcel'  sUii  son,  a  town  of 
France,  department  of  llhftne,  on  the  SaOnc,  10  miles  N, 
of  Lyons.  It  has  manufactures  of  silk  foulards,  cotton 
goods,  and  flour.     Pop.  3207. 

Ncuvilly,  nuhVee^yee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord, 
about  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cambrai.     Pop.  2535. 

Neuvy,  nuhVee',  a  town  of  France,  in  SaOne-ot-Loire, 
18  miles  W.N.W.  of  Charollcs.     Pop.  1200. 

Neuvy,  nuhVco'  or  new've,  a  village  in  Harrinj^on 
township,  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Northern  Railroad  of 
New  Jersey,  near  the  New  York  state  line,  22  miles  N.  ol 
Jersey  City.  It  is  inhabited  chiefly  by  French  immigrants, 
and  has  extensive  manufactures  of  artificial  flowers,  lacs 
paper,  and  covered  wire.  The  name  of  the  nearest  i)ost- 
oflice  is  Norwood. 

Neuvy-le-lloi,  nuhVee'  l?h  rwI,  a  town  of  France, 
in  Indre-ct-Loire,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Tours.     Pop.  1469. 

Ncuvy-Saiiit-Sepulcrc,  nrhHee'  s&n»  s.Vpiilk'r',  • 
town  of  France,  in  Indre,  SJ  miles  W.  of  La  Cliatro. 

Neuvy-Sautour,  nuhVee'  soHoor',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Yonne,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Tonnerre.     Pop.  1469. 

Neuvy-snr-Loire,  nuhSee'  siir  Iwaii,  a  town  of 
France,  in  Nicvre,  near  the  Loire,  8  miles  N.X.W.  of  Cosne. 

Ncuwalde,  noi'w&l'd^h,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesit) 
government  of  Oppeln,  circle  of  Neisse.     Pop.  1251. 

Neuwarp,  noi'wanp,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomcrania, 
25  miles  N.N.W.  of  Stettin.     Pop.  2231. 

Neuwedel,  noi'<^.Vd9l,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Branden- 
burg, 78  miles  N.E.  of  Frankfort.     Pop.  2995. 

Neuweier,  noi'>tI-9r,  a  village  of  Baden,  circle  of  Mid- 
dle Rhine,  bailiwick  of  BUhl.     Pop.  1344. 

Neuwied,  nu'weed  or  noi'<^eet,  called  also  Wied- 
Neuwied,  ^cct  noi^VGct,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  8 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Coblentz,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Hliinc 
Pop.  9474.  It  was  founded  early  in  the  eighteenth  century, 
and  is  well  built.  The  princijial  edifices  are  the  ancient 
castle  of  the  Counts  of  Wied,  with  a  museum  of  natural 
history,  a  library,  and  extensive  gardens,  various  churches, 
a  synagogue,  a  gymnasium,  a  normal  school,  several  pri 
vate  boarding  and  educational  establishments,  a  library, 
and  a  prosperous  Moravian  establishment.  It  has  also  a 
collection  of  Roman  antiquities. 

Ncuzen,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Ternkusb, 

Ne'va  (Rus.  pron.  n&-v&'),  an  important  river  of  Russia, 
government  of  St.  Petersburg,  connecting  Lake  Ladoga 
with  the  Gulf  of  Finland.  Length,  40  miles,  from  Schliis. 
selburg,  on  the  former,  to  St.  Petersburg,  at  the  head  of 
the  latter,  which  city  it  separates  from  its  N.  suburbs 
breadth,  1500  feet;  depth  in  the  channel,  about  50  feet 
It  is  the  great  medium  of  communication  between  the  m- 
ternal  parts  of  North  Russia  and  the  sea,  though  usuallj! 
frozen  up  from  October  to  April.  It  has  been  found  to  carrj 
into  the  gulf  116,000  cubic  feet  of  water  in  a  second. 

Neva,  a  river  of  East  Russia.     See  Neiva.        _ 

Nevada,  ni-vi'i)&,  Nevado,  ni-v&'no,  a  Spanish  wordj 
signifying  "  snow-clad,"  and  forming  a  part  of  the  namr 
of  various  mountains  in  Spain  and  Spanish  America;  aa 
Sierra  Nevada,  "snow-clad  ridge." 


NEV 


1953 


NEV 


Nevada,  nc-vah'da,  one  of  the  Pacific  states  of  the 
Iniericiin  Union,  bounded  N.  by  Oregon  and  Idaho,  E.  by 
:t:ih  and  Arizona,  S.W.  and  W.  by  California.  Excepting 
niull  areas  in  the  N.,  which  are  drained  by  affluents  of  the 
'ohiinbia,  and  a  small  section  in  the  S.,  whence  the  water 
iiws  into  the  Rio  Colorado,  all  the  state  belongs  to  the  so- 
iilled  Great  Basin,  or  Fremont  IJasin,  a  region  whose  scanty 
•liters  do  not  flow  to  the  sea.  The  northern  border  of  the 
t;ito  is  in  lat.  42°  N. ;  the  eastern  limit  is,  for  the  most 
;nt,  the  meridiiin  of  114°  W.  long.;  and  southward  for 
lore  than  2(11)  miles  from  the  N.W.  angle  of  the  state  the 
leridian  of  120°  \V.  is  the  western  boundary-line.  At  the 
xtreme  S.E.  the  Rio  Colorado  for  some  distance  divides 
cvada  from  Arizona.  Area,  110,700  square  miles. 
Fiice  tif  the  CoKiitrif. — The  "  Great  Basin"  is  in  reality  a 
;rics  of  long,  narrow  basins,  running  N.  and  S.,  and  sepa- 
ited  from  one  another  by  rugged,  steep,  and,  in  some  cases, 
ftv  mountains.  Such  are  the  East  Humboldt  Mountains, 
ic  Goshoot,  Ungoweah,  White  Pine,  Pinon,  Toyabe,  Ilura- 
)ldt,  Santa  Rosa,  Quinn's  River,  Lookout,  Trinity,  An- 
Idjie,  Rabbit  Hole,  Pancake,  Pine  Nut,  Desert,  Opal, 
ling,  Las  Vegas,  Quartz,  Sedave,  Toano,  Diamond,  Pe- 
:  I]),  Granite,  Shell  Creek,  Torsarr,  and  other  ranges, 
istly  short,  and  in  many  cases  traversed  by  deep  and 
■iivenicnt  passes,  while  the  intermediate  valleys  are  fre- 
lently  broad  deserts,  where  grow  the  grease-wood  and 
!ge-brush  and  other  scanty  herbage;  in  other  cases  they 
je  narrow  cafions,  or,  again,  they  are  the  basins  of  shallow 
■kes,  fed  by  the  mountain-snows, 

Hijdrography. — Dividing  diagonally  the  mountain-ranges 

id  valleys  sweeps  the  small  river  Humboldt  in  a  general 

:  W,  course  for  some  880  miles.     It  is  remarkable  as  fur- 

shing  the  only  available  E.  and  AV.  valley  in  the  state, 

jid  this  valley  determines  the  course  of  the  Central  Pacific 

ailroad.    This  river  is  also  remarkable  for  its  alkaline 

liters.   All  the  streams  of  the  state  are  small,  and,  exccpt- 

g  the  Bruner,  Owyhee,  &o.,  in  the  N.  (which  flow  into  the 

take  River  northward),  and  the  Virgin,  Beaver  Dam, 

'uddy,  and  Vegas  Rivers  in  the  S.,  which  are  tributaries 

the  Colorado,  all  the  rivers  of  Nevada  end  in  lakes  or 

inks,"  the  latter  being  marshy  spots  in  the  desert  sands. 

.)stof  the  lakes  are  either  alkaline  or  saline,  and  some 

fs  composed  of  highly  complex  and  even  caustic  solutions, 

jt  a  few  are  sa/f't.     Of  the  fresh  lakes  many  are  shallow 

11  overgrown  with  the  tide,  or  reed  (Scirpua  validus). 

\AijricHltural  and  Pastoral   Resources,   Climate,   Vegeta- 

\>i,  &c. — It  is  its  scanty  rainfall,  rather  than  poverty  of 

I,  that  gives  Nevada  the  reputation  of  being  a  desert, 

,  in  cases   where  irrigation   is    practicable,   even   the 

aline  plains  in  many  instances  have  proved  very  pro- 

•tive.     In  the  better-settled  districts  considerable  quan- 

es  of  spring  wheat,  barley,  oats,  potatoes,  butter,  wool, 

(Icn  vegetables,  <tc.,  are  supplied.     Much   hay   is   cut 

m  the  marshy  river-bottoms  and  in  some  of  the  upland 

leys,  whose  bottom-lands    afford    excellent    blue-joint 

■itkum  repens)  and  red-top  for  hay,  while  the  uplands 

>■'.    plains    have    excellent  sand-grass   and   bunch-grass 

iiocoma,  &c.)  for  grazing.     The  valued  white  sage,  or 

')intcr-fat"  {Eurotia  lanata),  affords  the  best  of  winter 

fturage.    For  this  reason,  Nevada,  in  spite  of  its  sharp 

Tter  climate  (duo  to  its  considerable  elevation,  almost 

i|'hcro  less  than  4000  feet)  and  its  parched  and  arid  soil, 

1)  already  proved  a  profitable  region  for  the  stock-raiser, 

I'ned  cattle  fattening  readily  without  grain,  so  rich  is 

tl  stunted  herbage.     In  the  extreme  S.  cotton  and  sub- 

tf'ical  fruits,  like  the  orange,  do  very  well.     The  flora  of 

t(  state  is  of  a  very  marked  character.     Timber  trees  are 

ri  here  very  abundant.   The  white  pine  (a  fir,  entirely  dis- 

t|t  from  the  Eastern  white  pine)  is  extensively  cut  for 

ther;  and  the  great  advance  of  mining  and   smelting 

orations  has  already  stripped  many  of  the  mountains  of 

tjr  scanty  forest  growth,  so  great  has  been  the  demand 

'uimber  and  fuel.     Considering  her  scanty  population, 

t- agricultural  productions  of  Nevada  are  generous,  and 

tyuantity  might  be  greatly  increased. 

;iteresting   experiments   have    been   undertaken,  with 

g-t  promise  of  success,  in  the  breeding  of  the  Cashmere 

&   Angora  goats,  whose  wool,  called   mohair,  is   highly 

Pi  id.     A  few  camels  and  dromedaries   have  been  cm- 

P:  ed  in  carrying  freights,  and  they  are  reported  to  have 

°'  freely,  and  to  be  fairly  adapted  to  the  climatic  and 

01'  r  conditions  of  Nevada. 

'olofjtj,  Mineral  Wealth. — Many  of  the  geological  ages, 
"  the  primordial  or  eozoic  to  the  tertiary  and  quater- 
D'i ,  are  here  represented,  the  outcrops  of  the  older  forma- 
"'i,  chiefly  azoic  and  Silurian,  appearing  in  and  upon  the 
"1' itain-ranges.    Not  a  few  evidences  of  comparatively 


recent  volcanic  action  are  present  in  almost  every  part  of 
the  state,  besides  which  the  strata  are  extensively  disturbed 
by  much  more  ancient  dikes  of  plutonic  rock. 

For  years  Nevada  was  the  leading  state  in  the  value  of 
her  metallic  products,  and  in  1875  she  yielded  somewhat 
more  gold  and  silver  than  all  the  rest  of  North  America. 
In  that  year  her  product  of  precious  metals  (mainly  silver) 
was  valued  at  $40,478,869.  Under  Virginia  City  and  Gold 
Hill  lies  the  famous  Ccmstock  Lode  of  silver-  and  gold-bear- 
ing quartz,  once  the  most  profitable  mining  deposit  in  the 
world.  There  are  in  some  mining  districts  rich  and  easily- 
reduced  argentiferous  galenas.  Besides  the  silver-,  gold-, 
and  lead-product,  copper  ores,  borax,  and  lime-borate  are 
obtained  largely.  There  are  unlimited,  and  as  yet  almost 
untouched,  supplies  of  native  sulphur,  soda,  potash 
salts,  rock  salt,  pyritic  compounds,  arsenical  ores,  marble, 
granite,  alabaster,  slate,  and  other  valuable  minerals. 
The  most  widely  distributed  of  all  the  ores  appear  to  be 
the  silver-bearing  lead  and  quartz  deposits.  These  are 
met  with  in  nearly  every  part  of  the  state.  There  is 
also  some  lignite,  of  which  not  much  is  wrought  at  present. 
Peat  has  been  cut  on  the  Great  Humboldt  meadows  and 
elsewhere.  Good  coal  is  reported  to  exist  near  Hamilton. 
Mineral  and  thermal  waters  abound. 

Manufactures. — Of  these  the  milling  and  smelting  of 
ores  and  the  sawing  of  lumber  are  as  yet  the  only  im- 
portant industries.  Lumber-sawing  has  been  largely  car- 
ried on  in  the  mountains,  but  has  declined,  owing  to  the 
swift  consumption  of  all  available  timber.  The  Carson 
River  and  other  mountain-streams  furnish  water-power. 

Counties. — Nevada  is  divided  into  14  counties,  as  follows  : 
Churchill,  Douglas,  Elko,  Esmeralda,  Eureka,  Humboldt, 
Lander,  Lincoln,  Lyon,  Nye,  Ornisby,  Storey,  Washoe,  and 
White  Pine.  The  principal  towns  are  Austin,  Carson  City, 
the  capital,  Eureka,  Tuscarora,  Winnemucca,  Hamilton, 
Pioche,  Reno,  and  Virginia  City,  which  is  the  largest  city 
in  the  state.  Some  towns  wliich  a  few  years  since  were 
thriving  are  now  abandoned,  on  account  of  the  failure  of 
mining  enterprises,  and  since  1880  there  has  been  a  marked 
decline  in  the  population  of  the  state. 

Railroads  have  contributed  much  to  the  development  of 
the  state,  especially  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  which 
gives  Nevada  ready  communication  with  the  E.  and  with 
San  Francisco,  bringing  in  supplies  and  carrying  out  the 
mineral  products  of  the  state.  In  1867  there  were  30  miles 
of  railroad  in  Nevada;  in  1870,  593  miles;  in  1880,  739 
miles;  in  1890,  923  miles,  of  which  494  belonged  to  the 
Central  Pacific.  The  other  important  roads  are  the  Virginia 
&  Truckee,  the  Carson  <fe  Colorado,  the  Nevada  Central,  the 
Eureka  k  Palisade,  the  Ruby  Hill,  the  Nevada  k  California, 
the  Dayton,  Sutro  k  Carson  Valley,  and  the  Lake  Tahoe. 

Constitution,  &c. — The  constitution  was  adopted  in  1866. 
The  governor  is  chosen  for  four  years.  The  legislature 
consists  of  a  senate  of  20  members  and  an  assembly  of  40. 
Sessions  of  the  legislature  are  biennial  and  limited  to  60 
days.  Judges  are  elected,  and  serve  for  fixed  terms. 
Voters  must  have  resided  for  six  months  in  Nevada,  and 
for  thirty  days  in  the  district  or  county  where  they  vote. 
The  state  has  three  electoral  votes,  and  sends  one  member 
to  the  lower  house  of  Congress.  There  are  state  prisons  at 
Carson  City  and  Reno,  and  a  state  orphanage  at  Carson  City. 

Education. — Public  schools  are  maintained  by  general 
and  local  taxes,  state  apportionments,  rate-bills,  and  the 
avails  of  a  permanent  school  fund.  The  school  system  is 
under  the  charge  of  a  state  board  of  education  and  three 
state  and  county  superintendents.  There  are  a  few  public 
high  schools,  and  at  Reno  the  state  university  was  opened 
in  1887.  The  attendance  has  steadily  increased,  and  its 
progress  has  been  encouraging. 

Indians. — The  aboriginals  are  mainly  of  Piute,  Shoshone, 
and  other  kindred  stock.  They  number  1552,  and,  notwith- 
standing their  degraded  condition  when  first  known  to 
white  men,  they  have  generally  been  disposed  to  adopt 
habits  of  industry.  They  have  been  placed  on  reservations, 
but  their  numbers  have  rapidly  decreased. 

Finances. — The  state  debt  in  1890  amounted  to  $579,- 
887.83,  of  which  $380,000  was  in  irredeemable  four-per- 
cent, bonds,  held  by  the  school  fund.  There  are  in  the 
school  fund  also  $142,000  four-per-cent.  redeemable  state 
bonds,  and  the  bonds  held  by  the  university  fund  amount 
to  $49,000.  The  total  value  of  property  (real  and  personal) 
was  $24,663,384.57. 

History. — This  state  was,  in  the  main,  made  up  of  a  part 
of  California  which  was  called  "the  Washoe  country,"  to 
which  a  large  area  from  Utah  was  attached  when,  in  1861, 
Nevada  was  organized  as  a  territory.  In  1864  the  state 
was  admitted  to  the  Union,  and  in  1866  received  its  present 


ii. 


NET 


1954 


NEW 


UmiU.  During  the  war  of  1S61-65,  Nova>Ia,  boing  but 
•oantily  peoplod,  Bent  fotr  troops  to  the  field,  but  «be  was 
eminently  loyal,  and  upon  one  ooonoiun  hor  cttizeui  sent 
$5I,5UU  in  silver  briuks  to  the  Sanitary  Couuiiis.oiun.  The 
great  Sutro  Tunnel,  do.si^ne<l  to  afford  drnin»);o  and  access 
to  the  mines  of  the  Cuin^^took  lode,  was  completed  in  1S79. 

The  Population  in  1S60  was  6S57 ;  in  1870,42,491;  in 
1875,  53.540;  in  1S80,  62,266;  in  1890,  46,761. 

NevadRt  '^  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Arkansas.  Area, 
616  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.U.  by  the  Little 
Missouri  River,  and  drained  by  Cypress  Uayou  and  Terre 
Itoiige  Creek.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn 
are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  St.  Louis, 
Iron  Mountain  A  Southern  Railroad.  Capital,  I'rescott. 
Pop.  in  1880,  12,959;  in  1890,  14,832. 

Nevada)  a  county  of  California,  borders  on  the  state 
of  Nevada.  Area,  cstimntod  at  1050  snuare  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Middle  \uba  River,  and  is 
also  drained  by  the  South  Yuba  and  Rear  Crook.  The  sur- 
face is  mostly  mountainous  or  hilly,  and  is  extensively  cov- 
ered with  forests  of  evergreen  trees,  including  tlie  Br  and 
pine.  The  soil  of  tho  valleys  and  lowlands  is  fertile.  The 
great  Sierra  Nevada  traverses  tho  eastern  part  of  this 
county  and  presents  grand  mountain-scenery.  Among  its 
beautiful  features  is  Donncr  Lake,  a  favorite  summer  re- 
sort. Qold  and  lumber  are  the  chief  articles  of  export, 
exceeding  that  of  any  other  county  of  the  stiite.  Granite 
and  limestone  are  found  here.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad  and  the  Nevada  County 
Narrow  Guage  Railroad.  Capital,  Nevada  City.  Pop.  in 
1870,  19,134;  in  1880,  20,823;  in  1890,  17,369. 

Nevada,  or  Nevada  City,  a  post-town,  capital  of 
Nevada  co.,  Cal.,  in  a  hilly  region  about  60  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Sacramento,  4  or  5  miles  N.E.  of  Grass  Valley,  and  33 
miles  E.  of  Marysvillo.  It  contains  6  churches,  graded 
schools,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  an  iron-foundry, 
and  a  number  of  brick  mercantile  houses.  The  Nevada 
County  Railroad  extends  hence  to  Colfax.  Here  are  rich 
mines  of  gold,  which  is  the  chief  .article  of  export.  Nevada 
has  a  healthy  climate,  and  is  surrounded  by  grand  moun- 
tain-scenery.    Pop.  in  1890,  2524. 

Nevada  (Bald  Mountain  Post-OflBce),  a  mining  village 
of  Gilpin  CO.,  Col.,  on  the  E.  slope  of  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains, about  2  miles  from  Central  City.  It  is  about  8500  feet 
above  tho  sea-level.  It  has  2  churches,  a  masonic  lodge, 
&o.  Gold  is  found  here  in  quartz  rock.  Zinc  blende  and 
copper  are  also  found  here.     Pop.  973. 

Nevada,  a  post-village  in  Nevada  township.  Livingston 
CO.,  111.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  81 
miles  S.W.  of  Chicago,  and  7i  miles  W.  of  Dwight.  It  has 
a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  877. 

Nevada,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tipton  co.,  Ind.,  on  Wild  Cat 
Creek,  and  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Logansport  with 
Anderson,  32  miles  S.S.E.  of  Logansport. 

Nevada,  a  township  of  Palo  Alto  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  124. 

Nevada,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Story  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Nevada  township,  on  tho  Iowa  division  of  the  Chicago  & 
Northwestern  Railroad,  29  miles  W.  of  Marshalltown,  and 
about  32  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Dcs  Moines.  It  is  surrounded 
by  a  fertile,  undulating  prairie.  It  contains  a  new  court- 
house, 3  newspaper  offices,  2  banking-houses,  a  graded 
school,  5  churches,  a  foundry,  a  flour-mill,  a  cheese-fac- 
tory, a  soap-factory,  and  2  elevators  for  grain.  Pop.  in 
1890,  1662 ;  of  the  township,  2237. 

Nevada,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  Ky.,  about  40 
milfS  S.  of  Frankfort.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  131. 

Nevada,  a  hamlet  in  Nevada  township.  Mower  co., 
Minn.,  1 1  miles  S.S.E.  of  Austin,  and  20  miles  N.  of  Osage, 
Iowa.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  857. 

Nevada,  Grundy  co..  Mo.    See  Alpha. 

Nevada,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Vernon  co.,  Mo.,  situated 
on  a  rolling  prairie,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Te.\as  Rail- 
road (main  line),  90  miles  S.W.  of  Sednlia,  and  21  miles 
E.  of  Fort  Scott,  Kansas.  It  has  a  court-house,  several 
churches,  a  bank,  2  flouring-mills,  and  offices  which  issue 

3  daily  and  5  weekly  periodicals.     Pop.  (1890)  7262. 
Nevada,  a  post-village  in  Eden  and  Antrim  townships, 

Wyandot  co.,  0.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  <fc  Chicago 
Railroad,  21  miles  W.  of  Crestline,  and  8  miles  E.  of  Upper 
Sandusky.    It  has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school, 

4  churches,  a  planing-mill,  a  brick-yard,  <tc.    P.  ( 1 890)  802. 
Nevada  City,  a  town  of  California.    See  Nevada. 
Nevada  City,  a  small  mining  village  of  Madison  co., 

Montana,  2  or  3  miles  N.W.  of  Virginia  City.     Here  are 
gold-mines  in  Alder  Gulch.      Its  prosperity  has  declined 
(ince  1865,  when  the  pop.  was  nearly  6000. 
JNevada  Fall,  California,  a  cataract  of  the  Merced 


River,  near  the  upper  end  of  the  Womlto  Valley,  rank^ 
as  one  of  tho  finest  waterfalls  in  the  world.    It  it  about 
mile  above  the  Vernal  Fall. 

Nevada  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  co.,  Ind.  2 
miles  N.  nf  Waterloo.     It  has  flour-  and  saw-mills.       ' 

Nevada  y  Motiloiies,  ni-vi'd4  ee  mo-te-lo'tis, 
former   national   territory  of   the   republic  of  Ck>loiubii 
Pop.  3673. 

Nevcl,  or  Newel,  ni-vfil',  a  town  of  Russian  Poland 
government  and  61  miles  N.  of  Vitebsk.     Pop.  fiO.'{2. 

Nevele,  nd'vd-l^h,  a  town  of  Itelgium,  in  East  FIm 
dors,  8  miles  W.  of  Ghent.     Po]).  3277. 

Nevereiio,  Shawano  co..  Wis.    See  Navari.mo. 

Nevers,  n^h-vaiu'  (anc.  A'oiiWh'hmwi),  a  city  of  Franci 
capital  of  the  department  of  Nievre,  on  the  right  bank  o 
tho  Loire,  hero  crossed  by  a  stone  bridge  of  20  nrcbcs,  i 
the  confluence  of  the  Nievre,  and  at  tho  head  of  th 
Branch  Railway  du  Centre,  35  miles  E..S.E.  of  Bouree 
Lat.  46°  59'  N. ;  Ion.  3°  10'  E.  Pop.  20,001.  Jt  has  a  tr 
bunal  of  commerce,  a  library  of  7000  volumes,  a  noruii 
school,  a  lycfe  or  college,  a  fine  cathedral,  uianufHctun 
of  iron  and  steel  goods,  porcelain,  jewelry,  chcuiicnl  pr* 
nets,  and  leather,  and  a  cannon-foundry.  Previous 
1789  Nevers  was  tho  capital  of  the  ])rovince  of  Nivcrnui 
In  its  vicinity  are  the  forges  of  Fourch.unbault,  the  coi>|>e 
works  of  Imphy,  and  tho  foundry  of  La  Chaussode.  it 
a  bishop's  see. 

Neversink,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  I 
Nerersink  township,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  aboi 

34  miles  N.  of  Port  Jervis.  It  has  a  church,  and  1  or 
lumber-mills.  The  township  exports  lumber,  hoop-pole 
and  leather,  and  has  a  pop.  of  2345. 

Nev'ersink  (or  Ncv'isiuk)  River,  Monmouth  co 
N.J.,  runs  northeastward,  and  enters  Sundy  Hook  Ht 
about  7  miles  N.  of  Long  Branch.     See  Navasink. 

Neversink,  a  station  in  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Phili 
delphia  &,  Reading  Railroad,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Reading. 

Neversink  Hills,  New  Jersey.    See  Highlands. 

N6vez,  ni'vA',  a  village  of  France,  in  Fiuistiro, 
miles  S.E.  of  Quimper.     Pop.  of  commune,  2344. 

Neviano-degli-Arduini,  nd-vc-i'nu  d&l'yce  ai 
doo-ee'nee,  a  village  of  Italy,  16  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Pann 
Pop.  of  commune,  5283. 

Neviges,  ni've-ghfs,  a  village  of  Prussia,  governmci 
and  E.  of  Dusseldorf.     Pop.  2637. 

Nev'il  Hay,  British  America,  is  an  inlet  on  tho  \ 
side  of  Hudson  Bay. 

Neville,  ni'veel',  a  village  of  France,  in  Scino-Inft 
rieure,  28  miles  N.W,  of  Rouen.     Pop.  1688. 

Neville,  nev'il,  a  post-village  of  Clermont  co.,  0, 
Washington  townshij),  on  the  Oliio  River,  33  milcf  aboi 
Cincinnati.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  422. 

Neville,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.    Pop.  289, 

Nev'ille  Port,  an  inlet  of  North  America,  N.  of  Vai 
couver  Island.     Lat.  50°  32'  N. ;  Ion.  125°  W. 

Nev'in,  or  NeFyn,  a  town  of  Wales,  co.  and  on  tl 
Bay  of  Carnarvon,  5i  miles  W.N.W.  of  Pwllheli.    P.  179 

Nevin,  Highland  co.,  0.     See  Da.nvii.lk. 

Nev'ins,  a  post-oBice  of  Edgar  co.,  HI.,  on  the  Illino 
Midland  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Paris. 

Nevins,  a  township  of  Vigo  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1299 
contains  Fountain  Station. 

Nev'inville,  a  post-villiige  of  Adams  co.,  Iowa,  in  Co 
ony  township,  about  64  miles  W.S.W.  of  Dcs  Moines, 
has  2  churches. 

Nev'is,  a  British  West  India  island,  in  lat.  17°  14'  li 
Ion.  63°  3'  W.  It  belongs  to  the  Leeward  I.-ilands  colon 
but  has  its  own  legislature,  and  for  some  of  the  purposcac 
administration  it  is  associated  with  St.  Kill's.  It  is  4  mil 
long  and  3  miles  in  breadth.  It  forms  a  single  niounla 
3200  feet  high,  and  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  and  ferti 
of  the  Antilles.  Capital,  Charlcstown.  Pop.  11,735. 

Nev'is,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  9  mil 
S.W.  of  Orillia.     Pop.  200. 

Nevisiiik,  New  Jersey.     See  Navasink. 

Nevisiuk  Uivcr.     See  Neversink  River. 

New,  a  post-ofiice  of  Oconto  co.,  AVis. 

Newahy,  n4-wl'hee,  a  town  of  India,  dominions  ai 

35  miles  S.E.  of  Jeypoor,  on  an  abrupt  rock,  near  tlj 
strong  fort  of  Narghur.     Lat.  26°  33'  N. ;  Ion.  75°  44'  K| 

New  Al'ba,  a  post-hamlet  of  Winneshiek  co.,  low 
20  miles  S.W.  of  Decorah.     It  has  a  church  and  a  nurf^ 

New  Albany,  awrb9.-ne,  a  city,  the  capital  of  li 
CO.,  Ind.,  is  situated  on  the  Ohio  River,  5  miles  below  Lo 
ville,  about  180  miles  above  Evansville,  and  115  uili- 
by  E.  of  Indianapolis.  By  railroad  it  is  198  miles  S.."- 
of  Lafayette.    It  is  the  southern  terminus  of  the  Lo;. 


NE\7 


1955 


NEW 


>  e  New  Albany  &  Chicago  Railroad,  which  extends  to 
]l:higan  City,  288  miles.  It  has  wide  and  straight  streets, 
Jich  are  lighted  with  gas.  It  contains  a  court-house, 
Eut  20  churches,  2  high  schools,  3  national  banks,  sev- 
3l  large  public  school-houses,  numerous  handsome  rcsi- 
Cjcos,  and  the  De  Pauw  Female  College  (Methodist  Epis- 
«ai),  which  was  organized  in  1850.  One  daily  and  2 
tikly  newspapers  arc  published  hero.  The  prosperity  of 
fii  city  is  mainly  derived  from  trade  and  manufactures, 
J.ch  are  extensive  and  various.  It  has  2  manufactories 
flutlery  and  edge-tools,  2  of  window-glass,  2  or  3  rolling- 
rils,  a  largo  woollen-factory,  several  flouring-mills,  a 
iiufiictory  of  railroad-cars,  2  of  engines  and  boilers, 
s'sral  planing-mills,  <fco.  Pop.  in  1890,  21,059. 
few  Albany,  a  township  of  Story  co.,  Iowa.  P.  827. 
icW  Albany,  a  post-village  of  Wilson  co.,  Kansas,  on 
111  Kiver,  35  miles  S.W.  of  Humboldt.  It  has  a  church. 
'few  Albany,  a  post- village,  ca[)ital  of  Union  co., 
jjs.,  on  the  Tallahatchce  River,  about  3-t  miles  S.E.  of 
Ijly  Springs,  and  85  miles  S.E.  of  Memphis,  Tenn.  It 
bja  newspaper  office,  3  churches,  and  a  steam  mill. 

ew  Albany,  a  hamlet  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  in 
tnaminsou  township,  8  miles  £.N.£.  of  Camden.  It  has 
a|urch. 

cw  Albany,  a  village  of  Franklin  eo.,  0.,  about  15 
B  !S  N.E.  of  Columbus. 

ew  Albany,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jfahoning  co.,  0.,  in 
dan  township,  3  miles  from  Salem.  Pop.  100. 
jew  Albany,  a  post-village  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Slivan  <fc  Erie  Railroad,  15  miles  X.  of  Bernice,  and  about 
4  ailes  N.E.  of  AVilliamsport.  It  has  4  churches,  a  saw- 
n  ,  a  flour-mill,  and  3  stores.     Pop.  about  250. 

lew  Al'bia,  a  post-office  of  Graham  co.,  Kansas. 

ew  Al'bin,  a  post-village  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa,  on 
t]  Chicago,  Dubuque  &,  Minnesota  Railroad,  and  on  the 
}  iissippi  River,  26  miles  S.  of  La  Crosse.  It  has  2 
c -ches.    Pop.  in  1880,  423. 

jew  Albion,  il'be-on,  a  post-«village  of  Cattaraugus 
mN.Y,,  in  New  Albion  township,  about  44  miles  S.  of 
Blalo,  and  3  miles  from  Cattaraugus.  It  has  a  saw-mill, 
Tltownship  is  traversed  by  the  Erie  Railroad,  and  contiiins 
a  ger  vill.age,  named  Cattaraugus,  and  a  pop.  of  1581. 

ew  Albion,  the  name  formerly  given  by  Sir  F.  Drake 
toialifornia  and  part  of  the  coast  of  Oregon,  limited  to 
th  part  of  the  coast  extending  from  lat.  43°  to  48°  N. 

3W  Alexan'der,  a  post-office  of  Columbiana  co.,  C, 
al  t  22  miles  E.  of  Canton. 

iBW  Alexan'dria,  a  post-villnge  of  JcfFcrson  co.,  0., 
in  ross  Creek  township,  on  the  Pan-llandle  Railroad,  7i 
m  i  S.W.  of  Steubenville,  It  has  2  churches  and  a  graded 
10  )1.    Pop.  167. 

JW  Alexandria,  a  post-borough  of  Westmoreland 
CO ?a.,  on  Loyalhanna  Creek,  7  miles  N.  of  Latrobe,  and 
al  t  33  miles  E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  an  academy  and 
i  irches.     Pop.  305. 

iJW  Almaden,  il-ml-dcn',  a  post-village  of  Santa 
CI .  CO.,  Cal.,  about  15  miles  S.  of  San  Jose.  Hero  is  the 
mi  productive  mine  of  quicksilver  (cinnabar)  in  the 
Ui  id  States.  The  cinnabar  is  found  in  a  hill  at  the  head 
of  )oautiful  and  fertile  valley,  and  at  an  elevation  of  1700 
fee  ibove  the  sea.  The  ninth  census  reports  that  the  value 
of  e  cinnabar  mined  in  this  county  in  the  year  18159-70 
wj  8387,700.  Five  hundred  men  are  eni](loyed  in  this 
Jtti ,  the  annual  product  of  which  in  J875  is  reported  to 
ha  been  31,106,200  pounds.  The  reduction-works  consist 
of  furnaces.    The  village  has  3  churches. 

iW  Alresford,  England.     See  Alrksfori>. 
■W  Alsace,  il'sjiss,  a  post-vill.ige   of  Dearborn  co., 
la  about  44  miles  N.N.E.  of  Madison.    It  has  a  brewery 
an  I  general  stores. 

jW  Alsace,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  St.  Louis  co., 
M45  miles  from  Barrett's  Station. 

^w  Am'sterdain,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  00., 
Injon  the  Ohio  River,  about  30  miles  by  land  S.W.  of 
^'e:  Albany.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

I  w  Amsterdam,  a  post-hamlet  of  La  Crosse  co., 
"'i|  on  Black  River,  about  14  miles  N.  by  W.  of  La  Crosse. 

iiw  Amsterdam,  a  town  of  British  Guiana,  near 
tu«iouth  of  the  Berbico,  whore  it  is  joined  by  the  Canje 
Ri'f,  lat.  6°  14'  51"  N..  Ion.  57°  31'  8"  W.  It  was  origi- 
natfoundcd  by  the  Dutch.  The  houses  are  built  of  wood, 
wjjio  town  is  intersected  by  canals.     Pop.  5437. 

'jW  An'nan,  a  post-settlement  in  Colchester  co..  Nova 
ooc,  ,on  the  French  River,  14  mile«  from  Folly  Lake. 
•^"Jlirore  is  found  in  the  vicinity,  and  freestone-quarries 
*fe^)rked  to  a  large  extent.     Pop.  600. 

^(W  An'tioch,  a  post- village  in  Green  township,  Clin- 


ton CO.,  0.,  about  50  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  nas  a 
church,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  2  stores.     Pop.  300. 

New  Arca'dia,  a  post-office  of  Osborne  co.,  Kansas, 
50  miles  N.  of  Russell. 

New'ark,  or  Newark-upon-Trcnt,  a  parliament- 
ary and  municipal  borough  and  town  of  England,  co.  and 
17  miles  N.E.  of  Nottingham,  on  a  railway  thence  to  Lin- 
coln, also  on  the  line  of  the  Great  Northern  Railway,  and 
on  the  Newark  River,  a  navigable  branch  of  the  Trent.  It 
has  a  spacious  market-place,  a  town  hall,  an  elegant  church, 
and  places  of  worship  for  most  of  the  various  sects,  a 
grammar-school,  several  almshouses  and  various  other 
charities,  a  large  linen-manufactory,  and  a  trade  in  corn, 
coal,  cattle,  wool,  malt,  and  flour.  Large  and  commodious 
wharves  have  been  constructed  on  the  Trent,  which  afford 
facilities  for  navigation.  On  the  N.W.  of  the  town  are  the 
ruins  of  an  ancient  castle,  now  a  stately  ruin:  in  it  King 
John  died  in  1216.  Newark  sends  two  members  to  the 
House  of  Commons.     Pop.  (1891)  14,571. 

New'ark,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alameda  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad.     It  has  .a  machine-shop. 

Newark,  a  post-village  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  <fc  Delaware  Branch  Railroad  where  it  crosses 
the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  &,  Baltimore  Railroad,  12 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Wilmington.  It  contains  4  or  5  churches, 
an  academy,  a  national  bank,  and  the  Delaware  College 
(non-sectarian),  which  was  organized  in  1870.  Newark  has 
also  a  newspaper  office,  a  foundry,  a  paper-mill,  a  woollen-' 
mill,  and  2  carriage-shops.     Pop.  in  1890,  1191. 

Newark,  a  post-village  of  Kendall  co.,  111.,  25  miles 
S.W.  of  Aurora,  and  2  miles  S.  of  Millington  Station.  It 
has  2  churches,  the  Fowler  Institute,  and  2  drug-stores. 
Pop.  in  1890,  390. 

Newark,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Ind.,  about  44 
miles  S.E.  of  Terre  Haute.     It  has  2  churches. 

Newark,  post-township,  Webster  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  116. 

Newark,  a  township  of  Wilson  co.,  Kansas.    Poji.  513. 

Newark,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Worcester  Railroad,  at  Queponco  Station,  8  miles  N.E.  of 
Snow  Hill,  and  about  3  miles  from  Chincoteague  Sound.  It 
has  2  churches  and  3  general  stores. 

Newark,  a  post-township  of  Gratiot  00.,  Mich.,  about 
40  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Lansing,  and  5  miles  S.W.  of  Ithaca, 
part  of  which  is  in  this  township.     Pop.  1130. 

Newark,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co..  Mo.,  near  the 
South  Fabius  River,  about  44  miles  W.N.W.  of  Hannibal. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  savings-bank,  a  carriage-shop,  and  a 
cheese-factory.     Pop.  354. 

Newark,  a  city,  port  of  entry,  and  seat  of  justice  of 
Essex  CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Passaic  River,  about  4  miles  from 
its  entrance  into  Nc~ark  Bay,  and  9  miles  from  New  York 
(/itv,  with  which  it  is  coniicoted  by  5  railroads.  Lat.  40° 
45'" N. ;  Ion.  74°  10'  W.  It  is  the  largest  city  in  the  stute. 
It  is  regularly  laid  out,  with  wide,  straight  streets  crossing 
each  other  at  right  angles,  the  principal  of  these — Broad 
street  and  Market  street — intersecting  each  other  at  about 
the  centre  of  the  city.  There  are  in  all  about  194  miles  of 
improved  streets,  of  which  some  53  miles  are  paved  and  98 
miles  are  sewered.  Three  large  public  squares  front  on 
Broad  street,  all  adorned  with  stately  elm-  and  mnple-trees 
and  illuminated  at  night  by  electric  lights.  The  streets 
are  also  brilliantly  lighted  by  electricity  and  gas.  In  1892 
the  city  introduced  a  new  water  supply  from  the  N.W. 
section  of  the  state  at  a  cost  of  S6,0(IU,000.  Chief  of  the 
public  buildings  are  the  home  of  the  Prudential  Life  In- 
surance Company,  at  the  corner  of  Broad  and  Bank  streets, 
constructed  of  gray  stone,  13  stories  high,  fire-proof,  and 
equipped  with  the  latest  devices  for  con  venience  and  luxury ; 
the  United  States  government  building,  of  Indiana  stone, 
for  the  post-office  and  custom-house;  the  Fidelity  Title  and 
Deposit  Company's  building,  of  red  granite,  The  Free  Li- 
brary, and  several  new  and  elegant  church  edifices. 

The  railroads  which  connect  Newark  with  New  York  are 
the  Pennsylvania,  the  New  Jersey  Central,  the  Delaware, 
Lackawanna  <fc  Western,  the  New  Y'ork,  Lake  Erie  &  West- 
ern, and  the  New  York  terminal  branch  of  the  Lehigh 
Valley.  There  is  also  a  steamboat  line  to  New  Y'ork,  and 
the  Morris  Canal,  from  the  Pennsylvania  coal-fields,  runs 
through  the  city  on  its  way  to  the  Hudson  River.  Street 
railroads  traverse  the  leading  thoroughfares  and  extend  to 
all  the  suburban  towns,  electric  power  being  principally  in 
use.  An  electric  road  is  also  about  to  connect  Newark  with 
Jersey  City. 

The  educational  facilities  are  of  the  best.  The  free  publio 
schools  have  large  brick  houses  in  each  of  the  15  wards, 
with  a  high  sctiool  in  the  centre.  The  number  of  children 
enrolled  is  26,650.    The  annual  expense  is  over  $500,000, 


■k 


NEW 


1956 


NEW 


of  which  $309,U3:<  is  ret^uivrU  from  t))e  ntnto  and  about 
140,000  from  llie  city.  TIutc  are  also  iiinny  private  schools, 
of  wbiob  Ibe  Newark  Aoailciny  is  tlio  olUeiit  an<i  bo^■t  known. 
The  New  Jcrs«^y  Historical  Society,  with  its  library  and 
r«lio8,  bu  its  heudquarlers  here.  There  arc  6  daily  new^- 
papera,  2  of  which  are  Ueritian,  and  a  large  number  of 
weekly  and  other  periodicals.  Three  theatres  also  afford 
nightly  entertainments.  The  religious  classes,  which  em- 
brace almost  every  denomination,  have  upwards  of  100 
houses  of  worship.  Of  these,  23  are  Presbyterian,  22 
Methodist,  20  Kouian  Catholic  (including  a  cothedral),  14 
Episcopal,  14  Baptist,  10  Heformcd,  3  Lutheran,  2  Congre- 
gational, 4  Jewish  synagogues,  2  Swcdcnborgian,  and  I 
Universalist.  The  benevolent  institutions  are  also  numer- 
ous, including  an  extensive  asylum  for  the  insane,  4  hos- 
pitals, an  eye  and  ear  infirmary,  the  Female  Charitable 
Society,  the  Foster  Home  for  indigent  children,  the  orphan 
asylum,  homes  for  aged  men  and  women,  the  City  Home 
for  the  reform  of  juvenile  delinquents,  a  bureau  of  asso- 
ciated charities,  an  exchange  for  women's  work,  a  Chris- 
tian Association,  societies  for  the  prevention  of  cruelty  to 
animals  and  children,  and  a  soldiers'  home,  the  latter  sup- 
ported by  the  government.  The  financial  institutions  in- 
clude 9  national  banks  and  2  under  slate  charters,  with  an 
aggregate  capital  of  about  $3,000,000;  6  savings  institu- 
tions, 2  life  insurance  companies,  4  fire  insurance  compa- 
nies, an  industrial  insurance  com])any,  a  credit  system 
insurance  company,  and  a  title  guarantee  and  safe  deposit 
company.  There  are  many  social  and  political  clubs.  Free- 
masons' lodges,  and  mutual  aid  societies  of  every  kind. 

The  prosperity  and  rapid  growth  of  the  city  is  due  to  its 
manufactures,  which  embrace  every  variety  and  find  mar- 
kets in  all  parts  of  the  world.  Among  the  most  extensive 
of  these  are  thread,  chemicals,  jewelry,  leather,  machinery, 
trunks  and  bags,  clothing,  harness,  boots  and  shoes,  zino 
and  iron,  sewing-machines,  india-ruhber,  besides  the  prod- 
ucts of  a  large  number  of  extensive  breweries.  There  are  2 
gas-light  companies,  an  electric  light  and  power  company, 
and  several  factories  for  the  supply  of  electrical  apparatus. 
Newark  was  settled  in  1666  by  a  company  from  New  Haven 
and  other  towns  in  Connecticut.  Pop.  in  18;50,  10,950;  in 
1850,  .38,983;  in  1860.  71,914;  in  1870,  105,059;  in  1880, 
136,508;  in  1890,  181,830;  in  1893  (estimated),  200,000. 

Newark,  a  post-village  in  Arcadia  township,  Wayne 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie  Canal,  and  on  the  New  York  Central 
Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Sodus  Point  &  Southern 
Railroad,  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Rochester,  16  miles  S.  of  Sodus 
Point,  and  about  14  miles  N.E.  of  Canandaigua.  It  con- 
tains 10  churches,  2  national  banks,  a  large  union  school,  2 
newspaper  offices,  several  furnaces ,  foundries,  and  flour- 
mills.     Pop.  in  1880,  2450;  in  1890,  2824. 

Newark,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Licking  eo.,  0.,  is  sit- 
uated at  the  confluence  of  the  three  forks  of  the  Licking 
River,  33  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Columbus,  26  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Zanesville,  and  about  50  miles  S.  of  Mansfield.  It  is  on 
the  Ohio  Canal,  and  on  the  Central  Ohio  division  of  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  which  connects  here  with  the 
Lake  Erie  division  of  the  same.  It  is  also  the  N.  terminus 
of  the  Straitsville  division  of  that  railroad,  and  is  on  a 
branch  of  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis  Railroad. 
It  is  built  on  a  level  site,  and  has  wide  streets,  which  are 
lighted  with  gas.  It  contains  a  court-house,  11  churches, 
2  high  schools,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  and  3  news- 
paper offices.  It  has  a  manufactory  of  engines  and  boilers, 
one  of  glassware,  several  iron-foundries,  machino-shops,  <fee. 
Some  vrorkshops  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  are 
located  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  2824 ;  of  the  township,  6310. 

Newark,  a  post-township,  forming  the  N.E.  extremity 
of  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.     Pop.  636. 

Newark,  a  post-village  of  Wirt  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  Little 
Kanawha  River,  15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Parkersburg. 

Newark-upon-Trent,  England.    See  Newark. 

Newark  Valley,  a  post-village  in  Newark  Valley 
township,  Tioga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  East  Owego  Creek,  9  miles 
by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Owego.  It  has  4=  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  tannery,  a  steam  saw-mill,  a  money-order  post- 
office,  a  newspaper  office,  a  carriage-shop,  io.  Pop.  in 
1890,  875;  of  the  township,  2339. 

New'arthill,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Lanark,  1 
mile  W.  of  Holytown.     It  has  coal-mines.     Pop.  1530. 

New  Ash'ford,  a  post-township  of  Berkshire  co., 
Mass.,  12  miles  N.  of  Pittsfiotd.  It  has  a  church.  Mount 
Grey  lock  is  on  its  N.E.  border.     Pop.  125. 

New  Ath'ens,  a  post-village  in  Athens  township,  Ilnr- 
rison  CO.,  0.,  7  miles  S.  of  Cadiz.  Here  is  the  Franklin 
College  (Presbyterian),  which  was  orgiinized  in  1825.  New 
Athens  has  3  churches  and  a  bank.     Pop.  354. 


New  Auburn,  aw'btSm,  a  post-village  of  Sihloy  « 
Minn.,  in  New  Auburn  township,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Qlcncu 
It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  sawmill.  Here  u 
fine  lake,  3  miles  long.     Pop.  of  the  township,  980. 

New  Au(;uMta,  Marion  co.,  Ind.    See  Aiiourta. 

Newnukuni,  nc-waw'kCm,  a  post- village  of  Lewis  ct 
Washington,  on  the  Pacific  division  of  the  Northern  Pacil 
Railroad,  57  miles  S  S.W.  of  Tacoina. 

Newaygo,  ne-wa'go,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Mich 
gnn,  has  an  area  of  860  square  miles.  It  is  intersortoil  • 
the  S.  part  by  the  Muskegon  River,  which  hero  runs  S.W 
and  is  partly  druined  by  the  Marquette  and  White  Iliv 
which  rise  in  it.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  levi 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  iho  iiinc,  mira 
maple,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheal,  Imlii 
corn,  oats,  lumber,  hay,  and  p'otatocs  arc  the  staple  prodiici 
This  county  is  traversed  by  several  branches  of  the  Chiciii 
&  West  Michigan  Railroad,  the  miiin  line  of  which  coi 
nects  with  Newavgo,  the  c:ipiial.  Pop.  in  1870,  7294- 
1880,  14,688;  in  1890,  20,476.  ' 

Newaygo,apost-villagc,  capital  of  Newaygo  CO.,  Micl 
in  Brooks  township,  on  the  Muskegon  River  (which  alTor 
great  water-power),  and  on  the  (ilrand  Uapids,  Ncwiiy 
&  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  35  miles  N.  of  Grand  Kapid^i,  ai 
22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Muskegon.  It  has  a  newspaper  otlic 
2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  manufactures  of  lumber  ai 
shingles.     Pop.  in  1890,  1330, 

New  Ba'den,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co,,  111.,  abo 
16  miles  E.  of  Belleville.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Bajibo,  or  New  Bnjiebo,  Africa.    SceBAJii 

New  Ualtiinore,  bawl't^-more,  a  post-village  in  Clu 
terfield  township,  Macomb  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  St.  Cla 
33  miles  N.N.E.  of  Detroit,  and  4i  miles  E.S.E.  of  N( 
Haven  Station  of  the  Urand  Trunk  Railroad.  It  has 
churches,  a  money-order  post-office,  and  manufactures 
lumber,  heading,  handles,  staves,  &c.     Pop.  about  900. 

New  Ualtiinore,  a  post-village  in  New  Daltiino 
township,  Greene  co.,  Jf.Y.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Hudw 
River,  16  miles  below  Albany,  It  has  2  or  3  cburcbt 
Pop.  of  the  township,  2669. 

New  Baltimore  (Satcr  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of  Ilai 
ilton  CO.,  0.,  in  Crosby  township,  10  miles  from  Cuuimic 
ville  Station.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam  flour-mill,  a  su' 
mill,  <tc.     Pop.  96. 

New  Baltimore,  a  post-village  in  Marlborough  tow 
ship.  Stark  co.,  0,,  about  14  miles  N,N.E.  of  Canton, 
has  2  churches. 

New  Baltimore,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co..  Pi 
about  26  miles  N.  of  Cumberland,  Md.     It  has  a  church, 

New  Baltimore,  a  post-village  of  Fauquier  co.,  Vi 
about  40  miles  W,  of  Alexandria,  It  has  a  church  and  t 
academy. 

New  Baltimore  Station,  0.  Sec  North  Baltimor 

New  Ban'don,  a  post-village  in  Gloucester  co.,  N« 
Brunswick,  on  the  Bay  of  Chalcurs,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Bat. 
urst.     Pop.  125. 

New  Barbadoes,  bar-bi'dQz,  a  township  of  Bcrgt 
CO.,  N.J.     Pop.  4929. 

New  Bava'ria,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  0., 
Pleasant  township,  on  the  Toledo  <t  Dclphos  R.ailroiul, 
miles  S.  of  Holgate.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  saw-mill. 

New  Bay,  a  fishing  hamlet  in  the  district  of  Twilli; 
gate  and  Fogo,  Newfoundland,  in  the  Bay  of  Notre  Dam 
30  miles  from  Tilt  Cove.     Pop.  100. 

New  Bea'con,  otherwise  called  Grand  Sn'chcn 
the  highest  summit  of  the  Highlands,  is  situated  in  Du 
chess  CO.,  New  York,  and  has  an  elevation  of  16S5  feet, 
commands  a  very  extensive  view,  and  during  the  Revo! 
tionary  war  beacons  were  erected  on  its  top. 

New  Bed'ford,  a  post-village  in  Greenville  townshi; 
Bureau  co.,  111.,  on  Green  River,  about  20  miles  S,  of  Stc 
ling.     It  has  2  churches. 

New  Bedford,  a  city,  port  of  entry,  and  one  of  tl 
capitals  of  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  is  situated  on  the  W.  bank  < 
the  Acushnet  River,  near  its  mouth,  55  miles  S.  of  Bosto 
Lat.  41°  38'  N.:  Ion.  70°  56'  W.  It  is  regularly  laid  ou 
and  is  noted  for  the  elegance  of  its  private  residences,  Tl 
river,  which  forms  a  commodious  harbor,  is  here  crossed  I 
a  bridge  4000  feet  long.  The  principal  public  buildings  a 
the  city  hall,  a  Doric  granite  structure,  the  custoin-bous 
the  St,  Lawrence  (Catholic),  North  Congregational,  ar 
Unitarian  churches,  the  public  library,  the  almshouse,  at 
the  high  school  building,  which  cost  .$126,000.  The  cii 
contains  27  churches,  a  free  public  library  of  35,000_vd 
umes,  a  Catholic  hospitiil,  an  orphan  asylum,  5  nation  . 
banks,  and  2  savings-banks.  Two  daily  and  3  weekly  new 
papers  are  published  here,    French  Avenue,  a  broad  driv 


r 


NEW 


1957 


•.NEW 


niles  long,  around  Clark's  Point,  commands  a  fine  view 
the  sea,  and  at  the  extremity  of  this  point  the  United 
ites  have  erected  a  strong  fort  of  granite.  New  Bedford 
)no  of  the  richest  cities,  in  proportion  to  the  population, 
the  country.  The  valuation  for  1888  was,  real  estate, 
^,023,700;  personal,  $15,430,617;  total,  $;53,454, 347.  It 
i'a  paid  fire  department,  with  five  steam-engines,  and 
tcr-works  which  cost  $1,000,000.  Steamboats  ply  be- 
een  this  port  and  New  York. 

N'cw  Bedford  has  been  more  largely  engaged  in  the  whale- 
lery  than  any  other  place  in  the  world.  This  was  pur- 
(i  by  its  citizens  as  early  as  17o5,  and  flourished  until 
)4,  since  which  it  has  greatly  declined.  At  the  time  of 
bi"hest  prosperity  about  400  whaling-ships  belonged  to 
s  port,  and  the  average  annual  importations  were  about 
000  barrels  of  sperm  oil  and  120,000  barrels  of  whale 
The  number  of  its  vessels  employed  in  tlio  whale- 
lery  at  present  is  only  about  125,  the  entire  importations 
)il  not  exceeding  about  50,000  barrels.  Since  the  whale- 
icry  has  declined,  the  capital  of  this  city  has  been  largely 
Cited  in  manufactures.  Here  are  the  Wamsutta  cotton- 
Is,  with  a  capital  of  $2,500,000 ;  the  Potcmska  cotton- 
Is  (capital,  SyOO,000),  a  rolling-mill,  a  cordage-factory, 

;  eral  shoe-factories,  2  flouring-mills,  and  manufactures 

I  ;lass,  Prussian  blue,  soap,  candles,  machinery,  oil,  drills. 
This  city  is  the  S.  terminus  of  the  New  Bedford  Rail- 
d,  and  another  railroad  extends  hence  to  Fall  River. 
\'ew  Bedford  was  incorporated  as  a  city  in  1847.     Pop. 
1860,  22,300;  in  1880,  26,845;  in  1890,  40,733. 
lew  Bedford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monmouth  cc,  N.J., 

liut  10  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Long  Branch.     It  is  3  miles 

:  in  Ocean  Beach. 

iJew  Bedford,  a  post-hamlet  in  Crawford  township, 
ihocton  CO.,  0.,  about  34  miles  S.S.W.  of  Canton. 
tew  Bedford,  a  post-villago   in   Pulaski  township, 
wrence  co..  Pa.,  1  mile  from  the  E.  boundary  of  Ohio, 

I'l  about  10  miles  N.AV.  of  New  Castle.     It  has  4  churches 

tl  .S  stores.     Pop.  about  175. 
(ew'begun  Creek,  a  hamlet  of  Pasquotank  co.,  N.C., 

ut  50  miles  S.  of  Norfolk,  Va.     It  has  a  saw-mill,  3 

•cs,  and  2  or  3  churches. 

few  Bells'villc,  a  post-ofiice  of  Brown  co.,  Ind., 

ut  45  miles  S.  of  Indianapolis. 

Jew  Bcngiiela,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Bknguela. 

[ew'berg,  a  post-otlico  of  Yam  Ilill  co.,  Oregon,  20 

es  S.W.  of  Portland. 

few  Ber'gcn,  a  post-office  of  Emmctt  co.,  Iowa. 

fewberg's  Corners,  post-office.  La  Crosse  co..  Wis. 
■few  Ber'liii,  a  post-hamlet  of  Duval  co.,  Tla.,  on  the 
■John's  River,  15  miles  below  Jacksonville.     It  has  a 

rch.     Boats  are  built  here. 

few  Berlin,  a  hamlet  of  Bond  co..  111.,  6  miles  N. 

Pocahontas  Station.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

•e  is  Old  Ripley  Post-Oflice. 

lew  Berlin,  a  post-village  of  Sangamon  co..  111.,  in 

f  Berlin  township,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  16  miles 

)f  Jacksonville,  and   16  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Springfield. 

las  a  graded  school  and  4  churches.  Pop.  about  500; 
t'  he  township,  954. 

cw  Berlin,  a  post-village  in  New  Berlin  township, 
'  aango  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Unaililla  River,  and  on  the  New 
lilin  Branch  of  the  New  York  &  Oswego  Midland  Rail- 
r^l,  about  34  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Utica,  and  12  miles  N.B. 
0  '('orwich.  It  contains  3  or  4  churches,  the  New  Berlin 
iidomy,  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  tannery,  a 
f  r-iuill,  Ac.     Pop.  836  ;  of  the  township,  2309. 

ew  Berlin,  a  post-village  of  Stark  co.,  0.,  in  Plain 
t  iiship,  5  miles  N.  of  Canton.     It  has  2  churches  and  a 
tierj'.     Pop.  about  250. 
ew  Berlin,  a  station  in  Berks  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Cole- 
kdale  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Pottstown. 

;ew  Berlin,  a  post-borough  of  Union  CO.,  Pa.,  in  a 
f|  le  valley,  on  Penn's  Creek,  about  9  miles  S.  W.  of  Lewis- 

;,  and  25   miles   S.  of   Williamsport.     It   contains    6 

•ches,  a  seuiinary,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  646. 

ew  Berlin,  a  post-office  of  Guadalupe  co.,  Te.x. 

ew  Berlin,  a  post-hamlet  in  New  Berlin  township, 

ikesha  co.,  Wis.,  about  13  miles  S.W.  of  Milwaukee. 
ij.  of  the  township,  1707. 

Jew  Berlin  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chenango  co., 
Jt.,  on  the  New  Berlin  Branch  of  the  Midland  Railroad, 
»  Ics  S.  of  New  Berlin,  and  42  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bing- 
■'  ton.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 
Jew  Berlin  Junction,  a  station  in  Chenango  co., 
a-,  on  the  Midland  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  New 
^;n  Branch,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Norwich,  and  22  miles  S. 
Berlin.    Nearest  post-office,  East  Guilford. 


^iowBerl 

■ 


New'bern,  or  New'berne,  a  post-village  of  Hale  co., 
Ala.,  on  the  Selma,  Marion  <t  Memphis  Railroad,  43  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Selma.     It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  in  1 880,  454. 

New'bern,  or  Old  New'bern,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jer- 
sey CO.,  111.,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Delhi,  and  about  12  miles  N.W. 
of  Alton.     It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  2  stores. 

Newbern,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bartholomew  co.,  Ind.,  on 
Cliffy  Creek,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Columbus. 

New  Bern,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,Iowa,  12  miles 
N.  of  Chariton,  and  about  36  miles  S.S.E.  of  Des  Moines. 
It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  190. 

Newbern,  a  post-oflice  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas,  15 
miles  S.  of  Abilene. 

Newbern,  township,  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  419. 

Newbern,  a  port  of  entry  and  the  capital  of  Craven 
CO.,  N.C.,  is  situated  on  the  right  or  W.  bank  of  the  Neuse 
River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Trent,  and  on  the  Atlantic  & 
North  Carolina  Railroad,  108  miles  E.S.E.  of  Raleigh,  36 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Morehead,  and  about  90  miles  N.K.  of 
Wilmington.  The  Neuse  River  is  here  nearly  2  miles  wide, 
and  is  navigable  for  steamboats.  The  chief  articles  of 
export  are  grain,  market-garden  products,  lumber,  tar,  and 
turpentine.  Newbern  contains  a  court-house,  10  churches, 
a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  the  Newbern  Aeademy, 
manufactures  of  lumber,  cigars,  ploughs,  and  turpentine, 
and  printing-offices  which  issue  1  daily  and  2  or  3  weekly 
newspapers.  This  town  was  formerly  the  capital  of  the 
state.  The  surrounding  country  is  flat,  and  has  a  sandy 
soil.     Pop.  in  1880,  6443;  in  1890,  7843. 

Newbern,  or  Newburn,  a  post-village  in  Washington 
towut^hip,  Shelby  co.,  0.,  about  8  miles  N.  of  Piqua,  and  2 
miles  W.  of  the  Dayton  &  Michigan  Railroad.     Pop.  239. 

Newbern,  a  post-village  of  Dyer  co..  Tenn.,  on  the 
Memphis  &  Paducah  Railroad,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Dyersburg. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  normal  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
2  steam  grist-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  1236. 

Newbern,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pulaski  oo.,  Va., 
is  near  the  New  River,  and  2i  miles  S.  of  Dublin  Station, 
which  is  on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad, 
105  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lynchburg.  It  has  2  churches  and 
several  ctores. 

New'berry,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  South 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  Broad  River,  and  on  the  S.  by  the 
Saluda,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Ennoree  River.  The 
surface  is  agreeably  diversified  with  hills  and  valleys  and 
forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  wheat 
are  the  sta])le  products.  Fine  granite  is  found  here.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railro.ad 
and  the  South  Carolina  Railroad,  both  of  which  connect 
with  Newberry  Court-House,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
20,775;  in  1880,26,497;  in  1890,26,434. 

Newberry,  a  post-village  in  Cass  township,  Greene  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  West  Fork  of  the  White  River,  about  35  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Vincennes.  It  has  3  churches,  2  drug-stores, 
and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  300. 

Newberry,  a  hamlet  of  AVayno  co.,  Ky.,  about  66  miles 
S.  of  Danville. 

Newberry,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  0.  Pop.  3565. 
It  contains  Bradford,  Clayton,  and  Covington. 

Newberry,  a  post-villago  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna,  and  on  the  Philadelphia 
&  Erie  Railroad,  2  miles  W.  of  Williamsport. 

Newberry,  a  township  of  York  co.,  Pa.  Pj)p.  2412.  It 
contains  Newberrytown  and  York  Haven. 

Newberry,  or  Newberry  Court-House,  a  post- 
village,  capital  of  Newberry  co.,  S.C,  in  Newberry  town- 
ship, on  the  Greenville  &  Columbia  Railroad,  47  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Columbia.  It  contains  a  court-house,  6  churches, 
2  newspaper  offices,  an  academy,  and  a  national  bank. 
Good  granite  abounds  here.  Newberry  is  an  important 
market  for  cotton.     P.  (1890)  3020  ;  of  the  township,  4865. 

New'berrytown,  a  post-village  of  York  co.,  Pa.,  12 
miles  S.S.E.  of  llarrisburg.  It  has  a  church  and  a  cigarr 
factory.     Pop.  200. 

New  Beth'lehem,  a  post-borough  of  Clarion  co..  Pa., 
on  Red  Bank  Creek,  and  on  the  Low  Grade  division  of  the 
Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  84  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pitt.«burg, 
and  about  34  miles  S.S.E.  of  Oil  City.  It  has  a  bank,  3 
churches,  a  foundry,  a  grist-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  in  isgo,  lii26. 

New'biggin,  or  Ncwbiggin-by-the-Sea,  a  town 
of  England,  in  Northumberland,  on  the  sea,  7  miles  by  rail 
N.E.  of  Morpeth.  It  has  collieries  and  fisheries,  and  is  s 
sea-bathing-place.     Pop.  1137. 

New  Birmingham,  0.    See  Birmingha^ii. 

New'bliss,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Monaghan,  4  milM 
E.S.E.  of  Clones. 


NEW 


195S 


NEW 


Neir'bliiSf  a  pAgt-villfif;«  in  Leeds  oo.,  Ontario,  on 
Irinh  Croek,  3  milcn  from  Irish  Cre«k  Station.     Pop.  250. 

New  Blooni'licld,  a  post-villago  of  Callaway  oo., 
Ho.,  in  CedHr  township,  on  a  briinon  of  the  Chicago  & 
Alton  Railroad,  10  niilea  N.N.E.  of  Jefferson  City.  It  has 
2  churches.     Iron  is  mined  near  this  place. 

New  Bloomfleld,  often  oalled  Illoomfleld,  a  post- 
borough,  capital  of  Perry  co.,  Pa.,  about  16  miles  N.  of  Car- 
lisle, and  24  miles  N.W.  of  llarrisburg.  It  has  a  bank,  4 
ehnrohes,  an  academy,  a  foundry,  and  a  tannery.  Throe 
or  4  weekly  now8j)npcrs  are  published  here.  It  is  sur- 
rounded by  beautiful  scenery.     Pop.  855. 

New  liloom'ington,  a  post-village  of  Marion  oo., 
0.,  in  Dig  Island  township,  on  the  railroad  from  Qalion  to 
JJcllefontaine,  10  miles  W.  of  Marion. 

New  llogy  Depot,  a  post-office  of  Chootaw  Nation, 
Indian  Territory. 

New  Uonaventure,  bon'iVJnHar',  a  flshing-hamlot 
of  Newfoundland,  17  miles  from  Heart's  Content.     P.  125. 

New'born,  a  post-village  of  Newton  co.,  Oa.,  about  52 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  and 
the  Palmyra  Institute. 

Newborough,  na'bQr-r&h,  or  Bed'ford  Mills,  a 
post-village  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Leeds,  on  the  Ridcau  Canal, 
38  miles  \Y.  by  N.  of  Brockville.  It  has  12  stores,  3  hotels, 
a  tannery,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  500. 

New'borough-Llan-Bedr,  Lnn'bSd'r,  a  town  of 
Wales,  CO.  of  Anglesea,  on  the  Irish  Sea,  4  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Carnarvon. 

New  Bos'ton,  a  post-village  in  Thompson  township, 
Windham  co.,  Conn.,  on  the  Quinebaug  River,  and  on  the 
Boston,  Hartford  &  Erie  Railroad,  2  miles  from  Dudley, 
Mass.,  and  64  miles  W.S.W.  of  Boston.  It  has  brick-yards, 
a  wooUcn-mill,  and  other  mills.     Pop.  about  400. 

New  Boston,  a  post-town  of  Mercer  co..  III.,  in  New 
Boston  township,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  at  the  terminus 
of  the  Qalva  Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy 
Railroad,  20  miles  S.  of  Muscatine,  Iowa,  and  14  miles  AV. 
of  Alodo.  It  has  2  churches,  2  banking-houses,  a  flouring- 
mill,  a  steam  planing-mill,  and  manufactures  of  wagons, 
Ac.     Pop.  779;  of  the  township,  1758. 

New  Boston,  a  village  of  Spencer  co.,  Ind.,  about  11 
miles  N.  of  Cannelton. 

New  Boston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa,  14  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Keokuk.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Boston,  a  post-village  in  Sandisfiold  township, 
Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  on  Farmington  River,  12  miles  N.  of 
Winsted,  Conn.,  and  about  30  miles  W.  of  Springfield.  It 
has  1  or  2  churches  and  a  tannery. 

New  Boston,  a  post-village  in  Huron  township,  Wayne 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Huron  River,  and  on  the  Flint  <fc  Pere 
Marquette  Railroad,  18  miles  N.  of  Monroe.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  about  400. 

New  Boston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Linn  co..  Mo.,  on  Mus- 
cle River,  28  miles  W.N.W.  of  Macon.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Boston,  a  post-village  in  New  Boston  township, 
Hillsborough  co.,  N.H.,  about  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Concord, 
and  12  miles  W.  of  Manchester.  It  has  2  churches,  a  paper- 
mill,  2  saw-mills,  and  manufactures  of  piano-cases,  bo.xes, 
Ac.  The  Manchester  A  North  Woare  Railroad  touches  the 
N.E.  corner  of  the  township.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1241. 

New  Boston,  a  post-namlct  in  Pinckncy  township, 
Lewis  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Deer  River,  12  miles  AV.  of  Lowvillo. 
It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

New  Boston,  a  village  in  Paint  townsliip,  Highland 
CO.,  0.,  5  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Hillsborough.  Pop.  111.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Dallas. 

New  Boston,  a  post-office  of  Henry  co.,  Tenn. 

New  Boston,  a  post-office  of  Bowie  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Texas  A  Pacific  Railroad  (Trans-Continenttil  division),  22 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Tesarkana. 

New  Bradford,  White  co.,  Ind.    See  BrtADFonn. 

New  Brain'tree,  a  post-village  in  New  Braintree 
township,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  about  20  miles  W.  by  N. 
of  Worcester.  It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory.  The 
township  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Ware  River.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  606. 

New  Brancli,  a  post-village  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  Central  Railroad,  li  miles  S.W.  of  Ocean  Grove, 
and  6  miles  S.  of  Long  Branch. 

New  Brandenburg.    See  Neo  BnAimENBURO. 

New  Braunfels,  br5wn'f41z,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Comal  c('.,  Tex.,  on  the  Guadalupe  River,  and  on  a  branch 
of  the  Galveston,  llarrisburg  A  San  Antonio  Railn-td,  30 
miles  N.E.  of  San  Antonio,  and  46  miles  S.S.E.  of  Austin. 
It  has  a  bank,  a  public  hall,  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
an  academy,  a  woollen-mill,  an  oil-mill,  Ac.   P.  (1890)  1608. 


hami 
Chicag 


New  Bre'men  (called  also  Bremon),  a  post-han 
in  Bremen  township.  Cook  co..  III.,  on  the  Chicago,  R 
Island  A  Pacillo  Railroad,  24  miles  S.  by  W  of  Chics 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  164. 

New  Bremen,  or  DnyansTille,  a  post-vllliiM 
New  Bremen  township,  Lewis  ro..  N.Y.,  about  5  miles  N  1 
of  Lowville.     It  has  3  chu'ches,  a  tannery,  2  earrisff 
shops,  and  manufactures  of  cheese  and  lumber.    The  towi 
shii)  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Black  River.     Pop.  2194. 

New  Bremen,  a  post-village  in  German  townuhl 
Auglaize  co.,  0.,  on  the  Miami  Canal  and  the  Lake  Erie 
Louisville  Railroad,  29  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lima,  and  14  mil 
S.W.  of  Wapakoneta.  It  has  a  bank,  4  clmrchoH,  a  woollci 
mill,  a  plough-factory,  2  flour-mills,  an  oil-mill,  20  Hon 
Ac.     Pop.  in  1870,  628;  in  1880,  1169;  in  isyn,  1 2:^0. 

New' bridge,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  5  miles  E.N.I 
of  Kildare,  on  the  Liffey. 

Newbridge,  a  village  of  Wales.    See  Po:tT-T-P«iDD 

New  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Lumpkin  co.,  Oa. 

New  Bridge,  a  post- village  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  part 
in  Englcwood  township,  on  the  Jen^ey  City  A  Albany  Hal 
road,  1(5  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Jersey  City.    It  hns  a  church 

New  Bridge,  Queens  co.,  N.Y.    See  Bki.i.moiir 

New  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  Oregon, 

New  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co..  Pa. 

New  Bridge,  a  post-villogo  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario, 
miles  S.AV.  of  Harriston.  It  has  saw-  and  grist-milli, 
hotels,  and  2  stores.     Pop.  1 30. 

Ncwbridgeville,  na-brlj'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yoi 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Susquehanna,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Lancnstei 

New  Brighton,  bri't9n.  a  post-village  of  Hichmor 
CO..  N.Y.,  is  on  the  N.E.  shore  of  Statcn  Island,  6  mil 
S.W.  of  New  York.  It  is  beautifully  situated  on  Now  Yoi 
Bay,  at  the  E.  end  of  the  Kill  van  Kull.  It  contains 
churches,  several  superior  hotels,  and  many  handsome  villi 
and  residences.  The  site  is  elevated,  and  commands  beaut 
ful  views  of  the  bay.  Steamboats  run  hourly  from  Ne 
York  to  New  Brighton,  passing  between  the  fortified  islam 
which  defend  that  metropolis.  Granite  is  found  near  th 
village.  It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  works  for  printing  an 
dyeing  silk,  and  manufacturesof  paper,  Ac.  P.  (1890)  l(i,42 

New  Brighton,  a  post-borough  of  Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  o 
the  E.  bank  of  the  Beaver  River,  3  miles  from  its  ei 
trance  into  the  Ohio,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne 
Chicago  Railroad,  28  miles  N.W.  of  Pittsburg,  and  21  mil 
S.  of  New  Castle.  A  bridge  across  the  river  connects  th 
town  with  Beaver  Falls.  New  Brighton  is  the  most  p<tpi 
lous  place  in  the  county.  It  contains  10  churches,  a  nntioni 
bank,  2  other  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  he 
numerous  mills  and  factories.  The  river  here  affords  iibui 
dant  water-power.  It  has  manufactures  of  engines,  carriage 
machinery,  flour,  lumber,  fire-bricks,  nails,  chains,  potter 
coflee-mills,  rivets,  wire,  twine,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1S90,  5(516. 

New  Brighton,  a  post-office  of  Fauquier  co.,  Va. 

New  Britain,  brit't'n,  a  beautiful  little  city  of  Ifail 
ford  CO.,  Conn.,  in  New  Britain  township,  on  the  llartfon 
Providence  A  Fishkill  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  ti 
Berlin  Branch  Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Hartford,  4  or 
miles  E.  of  Plainville,  and  about  18  miles  N.E.  of  Watci 
bury.  It  contains  7  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  savingi 
bank,  a  newspiiper  office,  and  the  Connecticut  State  Normi 
School.  It  is  lighted  with  gas,  and  is  supplied  with  wat« 
from  a  reservoir  which  is  about  200  feet  lii'jhcr  than  th 
town.  It  has  a  public  park  of  72  acres,  and  in  the  ccnti 
of  the  town  is  a  square  adorned  with  trees  and  fountain 
near  which  is  an  elegant  church.  New  Britain  has  cxter 
sive  manufactures  of  hardware,  cutlery,  hosiery,  jcwclr 
locks,  Ac.  The  Russel  A  Erwin  Company  employs  5U(»  mr 
in  6  acres  of  works,  and  sends  out  millions  of  dollars'  wort 
of  locks.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1K90._  19,(10". 

New  Britain,  a  post-office  of  Volusia  co.,  Fla. 

New  Britain,  a  post-village  in  New  Britain  townshij 
Bucks  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Doylestown  Branch  of  the  Nort 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  29i  miles  N.  of  Philadcl|>l)iiu 
has  a  church  and  about  35  houses.     Total  pop.  1707. 

New  Britain,  a  large  island  of  the  Pacific,  off  tM 
N.E.  coast  of  Papua. 

New  Brit'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  ln<l.. " 
the  Indiantipolis,  Peru  A  Chicago  Railroad,  17  miles  N.i>-1 
of  Indianapolis.  ,  , 

New  Brook'lyn,  a  hamlet  of  Gloucester  co.,  ?•.■(•, 
miles  E.  of  Williamstown.    It  has  a  church  and  a  gla« 

factory.  ,,.  .„  vT 

New  Brooklyn,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  iN-p 
in  Piscataway  township,  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Iwjlroa"' 
miles  N.E.  of  New  Brunswick.  It  has  a  flour-mUl,  »  "^ 
mill,  and  2  stores. 


NEW 


1959 


NEW 


ie\v  Browns'ville,  or  Pen'tress,  a  hamlet  of  Mo- 
i-'iilia  CO.,  W.  Va.,  15  miles  S.  of  Wnynesburg,  Pa.     It 

I  II  church.     Here  is  Pentress  Post-OfBce, 

iew  Bruns'wick,  a  province  of  the  Dominion  of 
Uada,  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  province  of  Quebec, 
|!in  which  it  is  separated  by  the  river  Restigouche,  N.  by 
f  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  E.  by  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  and 
;  rthumberland  Strait,  the  latter  separating  it  from  Prince 

ivard  Island,  S.  by  the  Bay  of  Fundy  and  part  of  Nova 
i  tia,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  state  of  Maine,  from  which  it 
i  eparated  by  the  St.  Croix  and  St.  John  Rivers,  extend- 
i  from  lat.  45°  6'  to  48°  40'  N.,  Ion.  63°  50'  to  63°  W. 
(atest  length,  from  N.  to  S.,  230  miles;  breadth,  190 
!cs;  area,  28,200  square  miles.  Its  coast-line  is  about 
;  miles  in  length,  interrupted  only  at  the  point  of  junc- 

I I  with  Nova  Scotia,  where  an  isthmus  of  not  more  than 
i  miles  in  breadth  connects  the  two  territories  and  sepa- 
I  >s  Northumberland  Strait  from  the  Bay  of  Fundy.  'Ihe 
E  face  of  the  country  is  generally  flat  or  undulating,  with 
fie  hills  skirting  the  Bay  of  Fundy  and  the  rivers  St. 
,jin  and  Restigouche.  The  shores  of  the  Gulf  of  St. 
IjTrence  and  Northumberland  Strait  abound  in  fine  ship- 
1  bors  (each  at  the  mouth  of  a  considerable  river),  from 
1  eh  is  exported  much  fine  timber.  For  about  12  miles 
i  ind  the  country  is  low,  and  skirted  with  marshes. 

ho  face  of  the  province  is  traversed  in  all  directions  by 
!  igable  rivers,  chief  of  which  is  the  St.  John,  450  miles 
i  cngth.  Among  the  numerous  bays  with  which  the  coast 
indented  are  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  on  the  N.  coast,  an  im- 
iise  haven,  90  miles  in  length  and  from  12  to  25  miles 
i  breadth,  with  many  excellent  harbors ;  the  Miramichi, 
J  ;he  N.E. ;  and  on  the  E.,  Richibucto,  Buctouche,  Cocaigne, 
a  Shediac;  on  the  S.,  Passamaquoddy  Bay,  separating 
jff  Brunswick  from  Maine;  and  on  the  S.W.,  St.  John 
J  rbor  and  Chignecto  Bay.  The  lakes  are  numerous,  but 
(Small  extent.  The  principal  is  Grand  Lake,  30  miles 
1 5  and  2  to  7  miles  wide. 

Jong  the  shores  of  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs  and  the  Gulf  of 
t  Lawrence  gray  sandstone  and  gray  clay-slate  predomi- 
liB,  with  detached  rocks  of  granite,  quartz,  and  ironstone ; 
(the  south  coast,  limestone,  graywacke,  clay-slate,  with 
e'dstonc,  interrupted  occasionally  by  gneiss,  trap,  and 
{ nite.  Coal  is  plentiful,  and  iron  ore  abundant.  The 
J  ertCoal-Mine  is  the  most  valuable  deposit  of  bituminous 
r  ter  on  this  continent,  its  product,  called  Albertite, 
dirding  about  100  gallons  of  crude  oil  per  ton.  Copper 
Hi  manganese  also  abound.  A  largo  deposit  of  the  former 
1  been  discovered  on  the  banks  of  the  Nepisiquit  River, 

V  ch  falls  into  Bathurst  Bay,  and  another  of  plumbago 

V  )in  half  a  mile  of  St.  John.  Gypsum,  limestone,  free- 
Bie,  and  grindstone  are  abundant;  salt  springs  are  nu- 
t  ous,  and  some  sulphurous  springs  have  been  discovered. 

he  climate  of  New  Brunswick  is  subject  to  great  ex- 
t  aes  of  heat  and  cold,  the  ranges  of  temperature  being 
fa  20°  below  to  95°  above.  The  prevailing  summer 
^dsare  from  the  W.S.W.  and  S.;  when  from  the  S.W., 
me  fogs  are  often  produced  on  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  and 
ehnd  from  15  to  20  miles  inland. 

t  large  portion  of  the  province  is  covered  with  dense  for- 
ej  of  pine,  hackmatack,  spruce,  cedar,  <fec.,  which  pro- 
Ti(  immense  quantities  of  timber  for  export  and  ship-build- 
j  Potatoes,  turnips,  pease,  beans,  and  other  leguminous 
J  its  thrive  admirably,  but  agriculture  has  made  slow 
p  5re8s,  and  the  demand  for  food  is  far  beyond  the  supply 
red  on  the  soil.  The  inhabitants  generally  find  it  more 
Pfltable  to  follow  the  lumbering  business.  The  rivers. 
If  !S,  and  sea-coast  of  New  Brunswick  abound  with  fish  of 
»hst  every  variety.  The  Bay  of  Chaleurs  and  Bay  of 
Bdy  are  celebrated  for  their  fisheries.  The  salmon-fish- 
gs  of  New  Brunswick  are  among  the  finest  in  the  world. 
jB  Buctouche,  Caraquette,  and  Cocaigne  oyster-beds  are  as 
ttific  as  they  are  famous,  and  the  finest  lobsters  are  found 
il)rofusion.  Ship-building  is  extensively  prosecuted  in 
tjprovincos,  more  especially  at  St.  John  and  on  the  Mira- 
^li.  Vessels  are  also  built  at  St.  Andrews,  at  various 
cjis  and  harbors  on  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  along  the  banks 
Olhe  St.  John  and  Petitcodiac,  and  at  Cocaigne,  Richi- 
DJo,  Bathurst,  Dalhousie,  Campbellton,  and  other  ports 
Oj  he  N.  shore.  The  principal  articles  manufactured  in 
fl'  Brunswick  are  sawn  lumber,  cotton  and  woollen  goods, 
*flen-waro  of  all  descriptions,  paper,  iron  castings,  nails, 
"-machinery,  bcomotives,  steam-engines,  &e.  The  prin- 
0  1  exports  are  fish,  timber  and  lumber,  iron,  coal,  gyp- 
»  ,  shooks,  hay,  &q.  The  chief  imports  are  wheat,  flour, 
e  1  meal,  corn  and  other  grain,  salted  meats,  coffee,  sugar, 
|f  molasses,  tobacco,  woollen,  cotton  and  silk  manufac- 

V  8,  fruits,  Ac. 


The  province  is  traversed  by  three  or  four  important 
trunk  lines  of  railway,  and  by  several  minor  lines  and 
branches,  the  whole  affording  communication  with  the 
principal  towns  of  Canada  and  the  United  States. 

Telegraph-wires  connect  New  Brunswick  with  the  United 
States  and  the  western  provinces  of  the  Dominion  on  the 
one  hand,  and  with  Nova  Scotia,  Princo  Edward  Island, 
Newfoundland,  and  Europe  on  the  other. 

The  province  (capital,  Fredericton)  is  divided  into  14 
counties,  or  districts,  the  names  of  which,  and  population 
in  1891,  are  exhibited  in  the  following  table. 


Counties. 


Albert 

Carleton 

Charlotte 

GUmcester 

Kent 

Kings 

Northumberland.. 

Queens 

Restigoiiche 

St.  John 

Suubury 

Victoria 

Westmoreland 

York 


T.-tal 321,294 


Pop. 


Capital. 


10,971 

Hopewell. 

22,523 

Woodstock. 

23,751 

St.  AndroWB. 

24,Hlil 

Bathurst. 

23,858 

Iticliibucto. 

23,004 

Hamilton. 

25,715 

Newcastle. 

12,152 

Gagetowu. 

8,311 

Dalhousie. 

49,574 

St.  John. 

6,76;j 

Oromocto. 

18.218 

Grand  Falls. 

41,484 

Dorchester. 

30,979 

Fredericton. 

There  are  two  Roman  Catholic  dioceses  in  the  province, — 
St.  John  and  Chatham, — and  one  of  the  Church  of  England, 
that  of  Fredericton. 

New  Brunswick  devotes  annually  out  of  the  provincial 
revenue  $120,000  to  educational  objects.  The  educational 
institutions  supported  by  law  are  a  provincial  university, 
a  training  or  normal  school  for  teachers,  and  a  system  of 
common  schools  free  to  all,  ranging  from  the  primary  to 
the  grammar  or  high  school  department. 

A  largo  majority  of  the  inhabitants  are  emigrants  from 
Great  Britain  and  their  descendants.  There  are  a  number 
of  French  Acadians,  settled  chiefly  in  the  counties  on  the 
N.  shore  and  in  the  valley  of  the  Miulawaska,  and  there 
are  also  a  few  Miemacs,  Melicites,  and  other  Indians  in 
the  northern  part  of  the  province,  and  on  the  St.  John 
River.  The  number  of  Indians  in  New  Brunswick  in  1871 
was  1403. 

The  affairs  of  the  province  are  administered  by  a  lieu- 
tenant-governor, aided  by  an  executive  council  of  9  mem- 
bers, a  legislative  council  of  18  members,  appointed  for  life, 
and  a  house  of  assembly  of  41  representatives,  elected  every 
four  years.  The  judicial  department  comprises  a  supreme 
court,  with  a  chief  and  four  puisn6  judges,  having  la\T 
and  equity  jurisdiction,  one  of  marriage  and  divorce,  a 
vice-admiralty  court,  and  a  county  court  for  each  county 
in  the  province.  The  provincial  legislature  meets  at  Fred- 
ericton. 

New  Brunswick  was  first  settled  by  the  French  in  1639. 
It  continued  to  form  part,  with  Nova  Scotia,  of  Acadia,  or 
New  France,  till  it  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  British  after 
the  conquest  of  Quebec.  The  first  British  settlers  in  the 
province  emigrated  from  Scotland  to  the  Miramichi  in 
1764;  and  in  1784  New  Brunswick  was  separated  from 
Nova  Scotia  and  erected  into  a  separate  province.  In  1867 
this  province  united  with  Ontario,  Quebec,  and  Nova  Scotia 
in  forming  the  Canadian  Confederation :  it  is  the  fourth 
largest  province,  as  regards  population,  in  the  Dominion. 

New  Bruns'wick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Boone  co.,  Ind., 
in  Harrison  township,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lebanon.  It  haJ 
a  church. 

New  Brunswick,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Middlesex  co., 
N.J.,  is  on  the  right  and  S.  bank  of  the  Raritan  River,  at 
the  head  of  navigation,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad 
(New  York  division),  at  the  terminus  of  the  Millstone  & 
New  Brunswick  Railroad,  31  miles  S.W.  of  New  York,  26 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Trenton,  and  17  miles  S.AV.  of  Elizabeth. 
Lat.  40°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  74°  28'  W.  Its  site  is  moderately 
uneven  or  hilly,  being  flat  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the 
river,  and  rising  rapidly  as  it  recedes.  This  town  is  the 
eastern  terminus  of  the  Delaware  &  Raritan  Canal,  which 
is  75  feet  wide  and  7  feet  deep  and  is  navigated  by  steam- 
boats and  sloops  of  100  to  300  tons.  Here  is  Rutgers 
College  (Reformed),  which  was  organized  in  1771  and  is 
richly  endowed,  and  connected  with  which  are  an  observa- 
tory, a  state  agricultural  college,  and  a  model  farm  of  100 
acres.  The  college  has  12  professors  and  about  130  students. 
New  Brunswick  contains  a  court-house,  IS  churches,  a  thco> 


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logical  foininary  of  the  Dutch  Reformed  church,  a  Catholic 
eathednil,  a  (ino  masonic  ball,  a  public  library,  a  high  lohool, 
2  fumalo  inntit.utes,  an  opora-tiouve,  2  national  banks,  2 
other  blinks,  and  printing-offices  which  iHsue  2  daily  and 
S  weekly  newspapers.  It  has  extensive  manufactures  of 
india-rubber  goods,  cjirpots,  hosiery,  shoes,  pupcr-hauginji^s, 
harness,  A.a,  The  india-rubber  far'.ories  of  this  place,  which 
%re  said  to  be  the  most  oxtonsiro  in  the  United  States, 
employ  2000  operatives.  Hero  are  3  india-rubber  works,  4 
manufactories  of  shoes,  2  of  sash  and  blinds,  2  of  paper- 
han^in;;.'*,  and  I  of  metal  screws.  Pop.  in  I8A0,  11,266;  in 
1870,  l.\058;  in  1880,  17,166;  in  18<J0,  18,603. 
'New  Uu'da,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Decatur 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Croolted  Fork  of  Grand  River.  The  village 
is  10  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Leon.  It  has  manufactures  of  iron, 
leather,  and  wool.     Pop.  of  the  township,  516. 

New  Bucna  Vista,  ba'n^  vis'tiy,  a  post-village  of 
Bcilford  CO.,  Pa.,  in  Juniata  township,  about  10  miles  W. 
of  IJcdford.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  cigar-factory. 

New  lluPfalo,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Cass  eo., 
Dakota,  on  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad. 

New  lliitfalo,  a  post-office  of  Calloway  oo.,  Ky. 
New  Uutfalo,  a  post-village  and  small  township  of 
Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Mioliigan,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Galien  River,  about  48  miles  by  water  E.  of  Chicago.  The 
village  is  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  nnd  is  the  S. 
terminus  of  the  Chicago  A  West  Michigan  Railroad,  66 
miles  (by  rail)  from  Chicago,  and  27  miles  W.  of  Niles.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  union  school. 
Fruits  and  other  products  are  shipped  here.  Pop.  683 ;  of 
the  township,  1444. 

New  llulfalo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mahoning  oo.,  0.,  2 
miles  from  Lovcland  Station,  which  is  2  miles  S.  of  Can- 
field.     It  has  2  saw-mills  and  a  mine  of  cannel  coal. 

New  Uutfalo,  a  post-borough  of  Perry  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
W.  bank  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  18  miles  above  Harris- 
burg.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  259.  The  Northern  Central 
Railroad  is  on  the  other  bank  of  the  river. 

New'biirg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  oo.,  Ala.,  about 
25  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Florence. 

Newbiirg,  a  post-village  of  Izard  co..  Ark.,  about  36 
miles  N.W.  of  Batesville.     It  has  4  churches. 

Ncwburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  La  Moure  oo.,  N.D.,  12 
mileK  W.  of  Edgeley.  • 

Nrwbnrg,  a  township  of  Pike  co..  III.     Pop.  1060. 
Newbiirg,  a  village  of  Clay  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  St.  Louis, 
Vandaliii  A  Torre  Haute  Railroad,  15   miles  E.  by  N.  of 
Terre  Haute.    Coal  is  mined  here.     It  has  a  church.     Pop. 
200.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Turner. 

Newbiirg,  a  hamlet  of  Fountain  co.,  Ind.,  on  Coal 
Creek,  about  32  miles  S.W.  of  Lafayette. 

Newbiirg,  a  post-village  in  Ohio  township,  Warrick 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  15  miles  by  water  or  10 
miles  by  land  above  Evansville.  It  is  the  largest  village 
in  the  county,  and  has  a  newspaper  office,  3  flour-mills, 
6  churches,  2  coal-mines,  and  6  warehouses  for  produce. 
Pop.  1464. 

Newbiirg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jasper  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Central  Railroad  of  Iowa,  6i  miles  N,  of  Grinnell.  It  has 
a  grain-warehouse. 

Newbiirg,  a  village  in  Newburg  township,  Mitchell 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Cedar  River,  and  near  the  Cedar  Falls  & 
Minnesota  Railroad,  IJ  miles  from  St.  Ansgar  Station,  and 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Osage.  It  has  a  flouring-mill.  Pop. 
about  150;  of  the  township,  782. 

Newburg,  a  post-hamlct  in  Newburg  township,  Penob- 
scot CO.,  Me.,  about  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bangor.  Tiie  town- 
ship contains  a  church,  2  cheese-factories,  several  saw-mills, 
and  a  pop.  of  1 1 18. 

Newburg,  a  post-office  of  Charles  co.,  Md.,  near  the 
Potomac  River,  and  near  Pope's  Creek  Station,  about  38 
miles  S.  of  Washington,  D.C. 

Newburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Mich.,  in  New- 
burg township,  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  at  Jones 
Station,  11  miles  E.  of  Cassopolis.  It  has  a  church.  The 
township  is  intersected  by  the  Air-Line  division  of  the 
Michigiin  Central  Railroad,  and  contains  a  pop.  of  1285. 

Newburg,  a  village  in  Clinton  township,  Lenawee  eo., 
Mich.,  on  the  Raisin  River,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore  <t  Mich- 
igan Southern  Railro.ad,  about  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Adrian. 
Newburg,  a  post-village  in  Newburg  township,  Fill- 
more CO..  Minn.,  about  36  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Winona,  and  15 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Preston.  It  has  a  church  and  2  flour- 
mills.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1058. 

Newburg.  a  hamlet  of  Laclede  co..  Mo.,  20  miles  from 
Lebanon.     It  has  a  church  and  a  plough-factory. 
Newburg,  a  city  and  one  of  the  capitals  of  Orange  CO., 


N.Y.,  is  finely  situated  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Iluda. 
River,  60  miles  N,  of  Now  York,  and  83  miles  S.of  AlUn 
Lat.  410  31'  N. ,  Ion.  74°  1'  W.  The  ground  en  wlS" 
is  built  rises  as  it  recedes  from  the  river  to  the  height  ( 
about  300  feet,  commanding  a  fine  view  of  the  Hiithlai 
and  of  the  river,  which  is  here  U  miles  wide.  Tbe  ui 
elegant  residences  are  on  a  plateau  in  the  highest  part  « 
the  city.  The  appearance  of  the  city,  as  seen  frem  t 
river,  is  highly  attractive.  A  steam  ferry  conneeU  it  wi 
Fishkill,  which  is  on  the  opposite  bank  and  is  on  the  llu 
son  River  Railroad.  A  ferry-boat  also  plicn  between  Not 
burg  and  Dutchess  Junction,  which  is  the  S.W.  teriiiin 
of  the  Dutchess  &  Columbia  Railroad.  This  city  ia  the  N 
terminus  of  the  Newburg  &  New  York  Railroad  wh 
connects  with  the  Erie  Railroad  at  Turner's.  Ani.lh 
branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad  extends  from  Newbure 
Oreycourt.  Newburg  contains  3  national  banks,  a  fr 
public  library,  a  theological  seminary  of  the  United  Pr« 
bytorian  Church,  21  churches,  and  the  Newburg  Institute  (< 
boys),  which  occupies  a  fine  position  on  Seminary  Hill.  T( 
daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  He 
are  several  tanneries,  foundries,  plaster-mills,  ship-yan 
and  large  manufactories  of  cotton  goods,  woollen  go<x 
machinery,  and  flour.  The  adjacent  country  is  noted  t 
its  extensive  dairies  and  the  superior  quality  of  the  bull 
produced  in  them.  Large  quantities  of  ihiiry-produc 
grain,  flour,  and  coal  (which  last  is  brought  from  Pcnimj 
vania)  are  shipped  here.  Newburg  was  the  theatre  of  ii 
portant  events  m  the  Revolutionary  war.  Here,  at  "  Was 
ington's  Head-Quarters,"  a  stone  mansion,  now  owned  I 
the  state  and  visited  by  thousands  of  persons  annually,  t 
American  army  was  disbanded,  June  23,  1 783,  after  a  trea 
of  peace  had  been  concluded.  This  city  was  incoriwrnu 
in  1865.  Pop.  in  1890,  23,087;  of  Newburg  township,  e. 
eluding  the  city,  4543. 

Newburg,  a  hamlet  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Gaine 
ville  township,  i  mile  from  Rock  Glen  Station. 

Newburg,  a  post-village  of  Cuyahoga  eo.,  0.,  on  tl 
Cleveland  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  and  on  the  Mahoning  <i 
vision  of  the  Atlantic  &,  Great  Western  Railro:id,  6  mil 
S.E.  of  Cleveland,  of  which  city  it  now  constitutes  tbe  18 
ward.     It  contiiins  an  asylum  for  the  insane,  foundeil 
the  state,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  10  churches,  ami  1 
2  rolling-mills.     Bessemer  steel  rails  are  made  here, 
was  annexed  to  Cleveland  in  1874,  and  its  pust-oiiice  it 
branch  of  the  Cleveland  post-office. 

Newburg,  a  village  of  Noble  co.,  0.,  on  Duck  Crce 
and  on  the  Marietta,  Pittsburg  <fc  Cleveland  Railroad,  abo 
20  miles  N.  of  Marietta. 

Newburg,  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.    See  IIurd. 
Newburg,  a  post-borough  of  Cumberland  co..  Pa., 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Shippensburg,  and  about  22  miles  W.  ' 
S.  of  Carlisle.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  392. 

Newburg,  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.    See  Coffee  Rux. 
Newburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lewis  eo.,  Teni 
about  65  miles  S.W.  of  Nashville. 

Newburg,  a  post-village  of  Preston  co.,  W.  Va.,  < 
the  Baltimore  <t  Ohio  Railroad.  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Grafto 
Near  it  are  several  churches,  a  cigar-factory,  a  shook-fnctor 
and  the  works  of  the  Orrel  Coal  Company.  P.  (1S!)0)  77f 
Newburg,  a  hamlet  of  Ritchie  co.,  W.  Va.,  10  mile*  i 
of  Tollgate  Station.  It  h.os  a  tannery,  a  grist-mill,  a  sai 
mill,  2  stores,  <tc.  Pop.  100.  Here  is  Auburn  Post-Oflia 
Newburg,  a  post-village  in  Trenton  township,  WasI 
ington  CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Milwaukee  River,  7  miles  E, 
West  Bend,  and  about  33  miles  S.E.  of  Fond  du  Lac 
has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

New'burg,  a  village  in  Addington  co.,  Ontario,  on  tl 
Napance  River,  22  miles  from  Kingston,  and  7  miles  fro 
Napance.  It  contains  a  newspaper  office,  an  iron-founJr 
a  paper-mill,  a  tannery,  a  fulling-  and  carding-mill,  agrisj 
mill,  2  hotels,  and  about  12  stores.     Pop.  828.  ' 

Newburg  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Penobscot  co.,  Mcj 
about  15  miles  S.W,  of  Bangor. 

Newburgh,  nu'bur-ruh,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotlam 
CO.  of  Fife,  on  the  Tay,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Perth.  The  ton 
has  a  good  harbor,  2  branch  banks,  linen-weaving,  and  coi 
siderable  trade  in  wood,  grain,  coals,  and  lime.  It  wi 
founded  in  the  twelfth  century.     Pop.  2777. 

Newburgh,  a  seaport  viliagc  of  Scotland,  at  themoul 
of  the  Ythan,  co.  and  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Aberdeen. 

Newburgh,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  co..  New  Brum 

wick,  on  the  New  Brunswick  Railway,  55  miles  from  Frei 

edericton.     Pop.  100. 

Newburg  Village,  a  post-office  of  Penobscot  cO.,M 

New  Uur'lington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  M 

Ind.,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Muncie.     It  has  a  church. 


NEW 


1961 


NEW 


New  Burlington,  a  post-village  of  Cnnton  co.,  0.,  on 
iBsar's  deck,  3  miles  from  Claysvillo  Station,  and  about 
J  miles  S.E.  of  Dayton.  It  is  partly  in  Urcene  co.  It 
IV8  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  227. 

New  Biirn'side,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co.,  III.,  on 
le  Cairo  &  Vinoennes  Railroad,  about  50  miles  N.E.  of 
liro.    It  has  3  churches. 

Newbury,  nu'b§r-e,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Berks, 
)  the  Kennet,  on  the  Ken  &  Avon  Canal,  and  on  a  railway, 
)  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Reading.  It  has  a  church  of  the  reign  of 
cnry  VII.,  several  well-endowed  hospitals,  manufactures 
'  ribbons,  and  many  corn-mills  and  malt-kilns.  Bonning- 
n  Castle,  on  the  N.,  was  the  property  of  the  poet  Chaucer, 
ho  died  here  a.d.  1400.  The  N.  part  of  the  town,  Speen- 
imland,  was  the  ancient  Spinm.     Pop.  (1891)  1 1,002. 

Newbury,  township.  La  Grange  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1159. 

Newbury,  a  post-hamlet  in  Newbury  township,  \Va- 

iinsec  CO.,  Kansas,  about  28  miles  W.  of  Topeka.     Pop. 

the  township,  080. 
■Newbury,  a  township  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  contains 
tewbury  Old  Town,  a  part  of  Byfield,  and  a  part  of  Plum 
iland.    It  is  traversed  by  the  Eastern   Railroad  and  a 
jnnch  of  the  Boston  &,  JIainc  Railroad.    Pop.  1420. 
jNewbury,  a  hamlet  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich.,  15  miles  S.E. 

Caro.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 
»re  is  Kingston  Post-Offico. 

JNewbury,  a  post-hamlet  in  Newbury  township,  Merri- 
jick  CO.,  N.H.,  at  the  S.  end  of  Sunapee  Lake,  and  on  the 
Incord  A  Claremont  Railroad,  34  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Con- 
td.  It  has  2  lumber-mills  and  a  steamboat-landing, 
m.  of  the  township,  601. 
Newbury,  a  township  of  Geauga  co.,  0.,  containing 

jwbury  Centre,  South  Newbury,  and   North   Newbury. 

ip.  881. 

Newbury,  a  beautiful  post-village  in  Newbury  town- 

ip,  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  and  on  the 

asumpsic  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Wells  River,  and  about 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Montpelier,      It  has  2  churches,  the 

twbnry  Seminary,  and  a  largo  hotel.     The  township  pre- 

its  beautiful  scenery,  and  contains  the  village  of  Wells 

ver;  also  the  Montebello  iron  and  sulphur  springs.   Pop. 

the  township  in  1890,  2080. 

Newbury,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  on 

uilway,  36  miles  S.W.  of  London.     It  contains  5  hotels, 

)ut  a  dozen  stores,  and  a  woollen-mill.     Pop.  1000. 

Newbury  Centre,  a  hamlet  of  Geauga  co.,  0.,  10  miles 

of  Chardon.     Here  is  Ford  Post-Office. 

Hewbury  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  in 

wbury  township. 

Vewbury  Old   Town,  a  post-village  in   Newbury 

Vnship,  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  on  or  near  the  Eastern  Railroad, 

)ut  20  miles  N.  of  Salem.    It  has  a  church. 

Vewbury  Park,  a  post-office  of  Ventura  co.,  Cal. 

Vcwburyport,  nri'b(jr-c-port',  a  city,  port  of  entry,  and 
'!  of  the  capiti\ls  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  is  finely  situated 
'  the  S.  bank  of  the  Merriinac,  3  miles  from  the  ocean, 

uiilcs  N.N.E.  of  Boston,  and  about  11  miles  E.N.E.  of 

vcrhill.  Lat.  42°  48'  32"  N.;  Ion.  70°  52'  47"  W.  It 
inds  on  a  gentle  declivity,  commanding  a  beautiful  pros- 

!t.  The  streets,  which  extend  upward  from  the  river,  are 
rt,  and  terminate  at  High  street,  a  wide  and  umbrageous 
ijnuo  which  is  lined  with  residences.  The  streets  are 
Sited  with  gas,  and  are  mostly  wide,  straight,  and  well 
ddcd  by  trees.  On  High  street,  near  State,  is  a  pond 
Oering  six  acres  and  surrounded  by  a  terraced  promenade. 
j!  harbor  is  safe  and  spacious,  but  the  entrance  of  it  is 
(jtructed  by  a  sand-bar.  The  retail  trade  is  mostly  trans- 
tlid  on  State  street,  which  extends  nearly  southward  and 
jfrolonged  (under  the  name  of  Newbury  port  turnpike)  to 
cjim.  The  city  contains  a  court-house,  a  granite  custom- 
'ise,  a  city  hall,  a  marine  museum,  a  public  library  of 
8|ut  14,0(10  volumes,  16  churches,  a  high  school  of  good 
rljtation  called  the  Putnam  Free  School,  4  national  banks, 
4ivings-banks,  extensive  manufactures  of  cotton  goods, 
Vhiriery,  boots  and  shoes,  Ac,  a  comb-factory,  an  iron- 
f.idry,  and  some  ship-building,  and  in  the  vicinity  arc 
ftosits  rich  in  silver  with  lead  and  gold.  One  daily  and  2 
»tkly  news))apers  are  published  here.  Newburyport  is 
Ciiected  with  Boston,  Portland,  Ac,  by  the  Eastern  Rail- 
"■jl,  and  with  Amcsbury  by  a  line  of  horse-cars.  It  is 
«i  a  terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  Boston  A  Maine  Rail- 
ed.   Pop.  in  1880,  13,538;  in  1890,  13,947. 

ew  Caledonia,  kil-e-do'ne-a  (Fr.  Noxivelle-CaU- 
« '6,  noo'vill'-kl'li'do'nee').  an  island  in  the  South  Pa- 
'  Ocean,  belonging  to  France,  between  lat.  20°  and  22° 
?  5.  and  Ion.  164°  and  167°  E.  Length,  from  N.W.  to 
o,  220  miles;  breadth,  30  miles.  Surface  mountainous, 
124 


rising  in  the  centre  to  nearly  8000  feet  in  elevation.  The 
population  are  Papuans.  The  island  was  discovered  iu 
1774.  It  forms,  with  the  Isle  of  Pines  and  other  neigh- 
boring islands,  the  most  important  penal  colony  of  France. 
It  has  a  fine  clim.ato  and  much  fertile  soil,  and  possesses 
great  mineral  wealth.     Capital,  Noumea.     Pop.  58,000. 

New  California,  a  former  name  of  what  is  now  the 
state  of  California.     See  Califouxia. 

New  Califor'nia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  0.,  4 
miles  N.E.  of  Plain  City.     It  has  a  church. 

New  California,  a  small  hamlet  of  Grant  co..  Wis., 
about  27  miles  N.N.E.  of  Dubuque,  Iowa.  , 

NcAV  Cambria,  kam'brc-a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saline  co., 
Kansas,  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  JFlailroad,  7  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Salina.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Cambria,  a  post-village  in  Lingo  township, 
Macon  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Hannibal  A  St.  Joseph  Railroad, 
86  miles  W.  of  Hannibal,  and  44  miles  E.  of  Chill icothe. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  flour-mill,  and  2 
drug-stores.     Pop.  about  500. 

New  Canaan,  ki'nan,  a  post-village  in  New  Canaan 
township,  Fairfield  co..  Conn.,  about  18  miles  W.  by  S.  of 
Bridgeport,  and  44  miles  N.E.  of  New  York  City.  It  is  the 
N.  terminus  of  the  New  Canaan  Railroad,  which  connects 
at  Stamford  with  the  New  York  A  New  Haven  Railroad. 
It  has  several  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  manufactures  of  shirts,  clothing,  and  shoes. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  2701. 

NeAV  Can'ada,  township,  Ramsey  co.,  Minn.     P.  799. 

New  Canada,  a  post-village  in  Lunenburg  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  12  miles  from  Bridgewater.     Pop.  120. 

New  Cane  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co.,  Tenn. 

New  Can'ton,  a  post-village  of  Pike  co..  III.,  on  the 
Quincy,  Alton  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  27  miles  S.E.  of 
Quincy.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  a  flour-mill, 
and  2  wagon-shops.     Pop.  about  600. 

New  Canton,  a  post-village  of  Hawkins  co.,  Tcnn., 
on  the  llolston  River,  about  70  miles  E.N.E.  of  Knoxvilla, 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  flouring-mill. 

New  Canton,  a  post-village  of  Buckingham  co.,  Va., 
on  the  James  River,  about  55  miles  W.  of  Richmond.  It 
has  a  church,  3  stoves,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  slate-quarry. 

New  Carlisle,  kar-lil',  a  post-village  in  Olive  town- 
ship, St.  Joseph  CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan 
Southern  Railroad,  14  miles  E.N.E.  of  La  Porte,  and  13 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  South  Bend.  It  has  a  bank,  2  churches, 
a  graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  607. 

New  Carlisle,  a  post-village  in  Bethel  township, 
Clark  CO.,  0.,  12  miles  W.  of  Springfield,  and  17  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Dayton.  It  has  5  churches,  a  money-order  post- 
office,  a  seminary,  and  a  cigar-factory.     Pop.  about  1000. 

New  Carlisle,  a  scajwrt  town  and  port  of  entry  of 
Quebec,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Bonaventurc,  on  the  Bay  of 
Chaleurs.  Lat.  48°  3'  N. ;  Ion.  65°  19'  W.  It  is  an  im- 
portant fishery  station,  and  contains  2  churches  and  a  news- 
paper office.     The  gulf  port  steamers  call  here.    Pop.  455. 

New  Car'thagc,  a  post-office  and  shipping-point  of 
Tensas  parish,  La.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  18  miles  S.  of 
Tallulah  Railroad  Station.     Here  are  2  stores. 

New  Carthage,  New  York.    See  CAnriiAGE  Landing. 

New  Cas'co,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co..  Me.,  in 
Falmouth  township,  near  Cnsco  Bay.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Casco,  a  post-hamlet  in  Casco  township,  Allegan 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Michigan,  about  40  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Kalamazoo. 

New  Cas'sel,  a  post-village  of  Fond  du  Lac  co..  Wis., 
on  the  Milwaukee  A  Fond  du  Lac  Air-Line  Railroad,  16 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Fond  du  Lac.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  6 
general  stores.     Pop.  about  500. 

New  Castile,  kAs-teel'  (Sp.  CastUla  la  Nuevn,  kills- 
teel'yi  11  noo-i'vi),  an  old  province  of  Spain,  forming  the 
S.  portion  of  the  ancient  kingdom  of  Castile;  its  ca])ital 
was  Madrid,  Greatest  length,  from  E.  to  W.,  240  miles; 
average  breadth,  about  155  miles.  Area,  21,442  square 
miles.  It  is  now  divided  into  the  provinces  of  Aladrid, 
Toledo,  Ciudad  Real,  Cucnca,  and  Guadaljyara.  This  re- 
gion forms  part  of  the  central  table-land  of  Spain,  bounded 
N.  by  the  mountains  of  the  Sierra  Guadarrama  and  S.  by 
those  of  the  Sierra  Morena,  and  traversed  by  several  minor 
chains,  which  separate  broad  plains  or  vallcj^s.  Its  rivers 
comprise  the  upper  courses  of  the  Tagus,  the  Guadiana,  the 
Gu.adalquivir.  the  Segura,  and  the  Juear.  The  mountains 
of  the  Sierra  Morena  afford  the  richest  supply  of  minerals 
in  the  kingdom.     Pop.  1,274,182. 

Newcas'tle,  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Down,  11 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Downpatrick.  Pop.  704.  It  is  much  fre- 
quented as  a  watering-place. 


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Newcastle,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  25  miles  S.W. 
»f  Limerick.  It  hai  a  nent  obiiruii,  a  Ciitholio  chape),  bar- 
rackii,  workhouse,  and  market-house.     Pop.  2112. 

New  CnstlO,  na  kas'sfl,  the  most  northern  county  of 
Delaware,  borders  on  Pennsylvania.  Area,  about  43U  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Delaware  UivernnJ  Itay, 
and  is  drained  by  the  ISrandywine,  Christiana,  Kcd  Clay, 
and  Duck  Crook!<.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  poaches,  oats,  hny,  and 
butter  are  the  staple  products.  This  is  the  most  populous 
county  of  the  state,  and  exceeds  the  other  counties  in  tbo 
productiun  of  wheat,  oats,  and  hay.  The  manufactures  of 
the  state  are  chieQy  centred  in  this  county.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  &,  Italtimure  Rail- 
road, the  Hnltimore  i.  Ohio  Railroad,  and  the  Wiluiington  it 
Northern  Railroad,  which  converge  at  Wilmington,  the  cap- 
ital.   Pop.  in  1870,63,615;  in  1880,  77,71(5 ;  in  1890,97,182. 

New  Castle,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ala,,  on 
the  South  &  North  Alabama  Itliilroad,  10  miles  N.  of  ISir- 
mingham.  Coal  is  mined  here,  and  here  are  the  works  of 
the  New  Castle  Coal  &  Iron  Company. 

Newcastle,  a  post-village  of  Placer  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  31  miles  N.E.  of  Sacramento,  7 
miles  from  the  Alabaster  Cave,  and  5  miles  S.W.  of  Auburn. 
It  has  a  church.  The  principal  business  here  is  the  culti- 
vation of  fruit.     Pop.  651. 

New  Castle,  a  city  and  port  of  entry  of  New  Castle 
CO.,  Delaware,  on  the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Dela- 
ware Railroad,  6  milos  below  Wilmington.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  6  white  churches,  2  colored  churches,  2  b.anks, 
a  public  library,  a  high  school,  the  Delaware  Iron  Works, 
and  manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  farming-implements,  and 
woollens.     Pop.  in  1890,  4010. 

New  Castle,  a  township  of  Fulton  co.,  Ind.   Pop.  12fi2. 

New  Castle,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Henry  co.,  Ind., 
in  Henry  township,  on  the  Blue  River,  on  the  Fort  Wayne, 
Muncic  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  and  on  the  railroad  which 
connects  Logansport  with  Richmond,  15  miles  S.  of  Muncie, 
and  27  miles  W.N.W.  of  Richmond.  It  contains  a  court- 
house, a  high  school,  a  national  bank,  2  other  banks,  2 
newspaper  offices,  5  churches,  and  manufactures  of  furni- 
ture, sash,  doors,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  2697. 

New  Castle,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ilcnry  co.,  Ky., 
is  situated  in  the  beautiful  valley  of  Drennon's  Creek,  4 
miles  N.  of  Eminence  Station,  and  29  miles  N.W.  of  Frank- 
fort. It  contains  a  court-house,  the  Henry  Male  and  Female 
College,  6  churches,  and  a  national  bank.     Pop.  670. 

New  Castle,  a  post-village  in  New  Castlo  township, 
Lincoln  co..  Me.,  on  tlte  Damariscotta  River,  opposite  to 
the  village  of  Damariscotta,  and  on  the  Knox  A  Lincoln 
Railroad,  about  15  miles  from  the  sea,  and  48  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Bath.  It  contains  a  church,  a  national  bank,  the  Lin- 
coln Academy,  and  several  factories.  Steamboats  ascend 
the  river  to  this  place.     Pop.  of  township,  1282. 

NcAV  Castle,  a  post-village  ot  Gentry  co..  Mo.,  in 
Athens  township,  on  an  affluent  of  Qrand  River,  about  50 
milos  N.E.  of  St.  Joseph.     It  has  2  churches. 

New  Castle,  a  post-vill.age  of  Dixon  co.,  Neb.,  about 
3  miles  W.  of  the  Missouri  River,  and  24  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Sioux  City,  lowii.     It  has  2  churches. 

New  Castle,  a  post-township  of  Rockingham  co., 
N.H.,  about  3  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Portsmouth.  It  is  a  small 
island  in  Portsmouth  harbor.     Pop.  6()7. 

New  Castle,  a  post-village  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y., 
In  New  Castle  township,  on  the  New  York  &  Harlem  Rail- 
road, about  38  milos  N.  by  E.  of  New  York.  The  township 
contains  larger  villages,  named  Chappaqua  and  Mount 
Kisco,  and  a  pop.  of  2242. 

New  Castle,  a  post-township  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C.,  about 
70  miles  N.  of  Charlotte.     Pop.  1120. 

New  Castle,  a  village  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  in  W^ayne 
township,  about  20  milos  W.S.W^  of  Bcllaire.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  cigar-factory.     Here  is  Pilcher  Post-Office. 

New  Castle,  a  post-village  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.,  in 
New  Castle  township,  about  55  miles  E.N.E.  of  Columbus. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  pottery  for  stone-ware.  The  town- 
ship is  drained  by  the  Mohican  River,  and  contains  Mo- 
hawk Village.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1005. 

New  Castle,  Monroe  co.,  0.     See  Laing's. 

New  Castle,  a  hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  0.,  in  Meigs- 
ville  township,  about  25  miles  N.W.  of  Marietta.  It  has  a 
church.     Here  is  Neelcysville  Post-Officc. 

New  Castle,  a  city,  capital  of  Lawrence  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Shenango  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Ncshannock  Creek, 
and  on  the  Eric  A  Pittsburg,  New  Castle  A  Beayer  Valley, 
New  Castle  A  Franklin,  and  Pittsburg  A  Lake  Erie  Rail- 
roads, 60  miles  N.X.W.  of  Pittsburg,  21  miles  S.S.E.  of 


Sharon,  and  67  miles  S.W.  of  Franklin.  It  coDtaini  U 
churches,  the  New  Castle  College,  2  naticmal  bunks  a 
savings-bank,  printing-offices  which  issue  3  or  4  weekly 
newspapers,  3  large  rolling-mills,  2  nuil-faotorics,  a  manu- 
factory of  window-glass,  several  flouring-mills,  iron-foun- 
dries, and  furnaces.  Pop.  in  1800,  882;  in  1870.  6164- 
in  1880,  84IS;  in  1890,  11,600.  ' 

New  Castle,  a  village  in  Now  Castle  township,  Schuyl. 
kill  CO.,  Po.,  at  the  junction  of  two  branches  of  the  Read- 
ing  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  PotUville.  It  is  at  the  base  o( 
Broad  Mountain,  and  the  name  of  its  post-offioo  it  Brood 
Mountain.     Coivl  is  mined  here. 

New  Castle,  a  hamlet  of  Hardeman  co.,  Tcnn.,  about 
54  milos  E.  by  N.  of  Memphis. 

New  Castle,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Craig  oo.,  V« 
on  Craig's  Creek,  near  Walker's  Mountain,  and  about  ol 
miles  W.  of  Lynchburg.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  199. 

New  Castle,  a  post-hamlet  of  King  co,,  Washington,  on 
the  Seattle  A  Walla  Walla  Railroad,  20  miles  from  Seattle, 
It  has  a  church  and  coal-mines.     Pop.  about  600. 

Newcas'tle,  a  town  of  Australia,  in  New  South  Wales, 
on  Port  Hunter,  70  miles  N.N.E.  of  Sydney.  It  has  a 
great  trade  in  the  shipment  of  coal,  has  excellent  docks, 
steam-cranes,  nnd  harbor-works,  and  is  the  terminus  of  a 
railway.     It  i»  an  Anglican  bishop's  sec.     Pop.  7581. 

Newcas'tle,  or  Miramiclii,  mlr^-m^-shce',  a  port 
of  entry  and  town  of  New  Brunswick,  capital  of  the  co.  of 
Northumberland,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Miramichi,  about 
18  miles  from  its  entrance  into  Miramichi  Bay,  and  on  thi 
Intercolonial  Railway,  784  miles  from  Moncton.  Its  strecti 
are  lighted  with  gas,  and  it  contains  a  branch  bank,  a  news- 
paper  office,  a  masonic  hall,  3  hotels,  about  25  stores,  sev- 
eral churches,  a  tannery,  Ac.  A  very  large  trade  is  dune 
here  in  fish  and  lumber,  also  in  ship-building.     Pop.  15110. 

Newcastle,  a  village  and  port  of  entry  in  the  co.  of 
Durham,  Ontario,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  47  miles 
E.  of  Toronto,  with  a  harbor  on  Lake  Ontario  (formerly 
called  Bond  Head).  It  contains  churches  of  3  denomina- 
tions, 2  telegraph  offices,  4  hotels,  9  or  10  stores,  an  agri 
cultunil-implement  factory,  a  tannery,  a  flouring-mill,  and 
one  of  the  largest  woollen-mills  in  the  province.    Pop.  1109. 

Newcastle  Bay,  Australia,  N.E.  coast,  at  the  N,  end 
of  Capo  York  Peninsula,  12  miles  in  width,  and  about  8 
miles  in  depth  inland.     Lat.  10°  50'  S, ;  Ion.  142°  35'  E. 

Newcastle  Bridge,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co..  New 
Brunswick,  on  Grand  Lake,  36  miles  from  Sh<;ffield. 

Newcastle  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co..  New 
Brunswick,  at  the  bead  of  Grand  Lake,  33  miles  from  Shef- 
field. A  company  is  engaged  in  raising  coal.  Steauien 
run  between  here  and  St.  John.     Pop.  3U0. 

Newcas'tle-in-Em'lyn,  a  town  of  Wales,  co.  of 
Carmarthen,  on  the  Teify,  '9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cardigan. 
Pop,  1757.   It  has  a  union  workhouse  and  ruins  of  a  castle. 

New  Castle  Junction,  a  station  of  Henry  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  at  tba 
junction  of  the  Fort  Wayne,  Muncie  A  Cincinnati  Kail- 
road,  li  miles  N.W.  of  New  Castle. 

Newcastle-  (nu-kas's?l)  undcr-Lyme  (or  -Lyne), 
a  town  of  England,  CO.  and  15  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.of  Staf- 
fore.  The  houses  are  mostly  ancient.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
Roman  Catholic  chapel,  a  grammar-school,  almshouses  and 
numerous  other  charities,  a  guild  ball,  market-house,  thea- 
tre, public  library,  literary  institution,  public  promenade, 
union  workhouse,  manufactures  of  hats,  tanneries,  sugar- 
reficeries,  paper-mills,  silk-  and  cotton-factories,  and  in 
the  vicinity  potteries,  iron-works,  and  large  collieries.  A 
branch  canal  connects  it  with  the  Grand  Trunk  Naviga- 
tion. It  sends  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Pop. 
(1891)  18,452, 

Newcastle-upon-Tyne  (ane.  Pon»  ASUi,  afterwards 
Moukcheeter),  a,  city  and  port  of  England,  capital  of  the 
county  of  Northumberland,  on  the  left  bank  of  tlie  Tyne, 
about  8  miles  above  its  mouth  in  the  Gcrmiin  Ocean,  at 
the  junction  of  many  lines  of  railwiiy,  53  miles  N.K.  of 
Carlisle.  On  the  opposite  side  of  the  river  is  the  town  of 
Gateshead,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  series  of  bridges. 
The  city  has  much  im])roved;  many  new  streets  and  fqusres, 
lined  with  new  buildings  and  elegant  mansions,  have  risen 
up,  while  whole  suburbs  of  villas  have  spread  in  all  direc- 
tions, especially  towards  the  W.  The  city  hall  and  iti 
buildings  are  large  and  imposing  edifices. 

Among  the  most  remarkable  public  buildings  may  b* 
mentioned  the  church  of  St.  Nicholas,  an  ancient  and  hand- 
some structure,  the  church  of  All  S.aints,  the  church  of 
St.  Andrew,  a  very  ancient  structure,  partly  Norman;  tb« 
church  of  St.  John,  of  ancient  date  and  large  dimcnsioDfi; 
the  church  of  St.  Peter,  the  church  of  St.  Thomas,  tw 


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i^man  Catholic  church  of  St.  Mary,  numerous  chapels,  the 
lentral  Exchunge  and  News-room,  the  Merchants'  Court, 
lie  corn  exchange,  the  assembly-rooms,  the  court-house, 
jie  castle,  a  fine  specimen  of  castellated  Norman  arohi- 
iicture  the  jail  and  house  of  correction,  an  elegant  theatre, 
e.  Other  celebrated  structures  are  the  High  Level  liridge 
id  the  Swing  Bridge  across  the  Tync,  the  latter  being 
16  of  the  finest  in  the  world,  and  renders  navigation  free. 
i)  these  may  be  added  the  fine  Central  Railway  Station, 
ected  several  years  since. 

Important  literary  institutions  are  the  free  grammar- 
bool,  the  Northern  Counties'  Institution  for  the  deaf  and 
imb.'the  school  of  medicine  and  surgery,  the  mining  in- 
litute,  the  college  of  physical  sciences,  the  latter  attached 
I  Durham  University ;  the  literary  and  philosophical  so- 
|)ty,  a  Doric  building,  in  which  a  museum  and  library 
'^included;  the  natural  history  and  antiquarian  societies, 
%  institution  for  the  promotion  of  the  line  arts,  the  nie- 
'\nics'  institution,  the  infirmary,  the  Victoria  Blind  Asy- 
n,  the  hospital  of  St.  Mary  Magdalene,  the  Keelman, 
,jus',  and  other  hospitals  and  charitable  endowments, 
jwcastle  became  a  bishop's  see  in  1879. 
ifhe  manufactures  are  very  extensive.  Within  the  city 
!1  its  vicinity  are  numerous  b'ast-furnaces  and  im- 
■•tant  malleable  and  other  iron-works.     Iron  goods,  fire- 

ins,  ordnance,  bronze  goods,  coke,  hardware,  and  large 
tings  arc  made  at  a  great  number  of  extensive  estab- 
iments.  The  other  most  important  staples  are  loco- 
tives  and  other  machinery,  earthenware,  glass,  chemical 
iducts,  sheet  and  pipe  lead,  cordage,  hats,  cables,  paint- 
ii'  colors,  soap,  railway  and  other  carriages,  brass-ware, 
lent  shot,  bricks  and  tiles,  paper,  sail-cloth,  Ac.  There 
i  also  large  flax-  and  spinning-mills,  flour-,  bone-,  oil-, 
il  saw-mills,  and  extensive  building-yards,  at  which  great 
|nbers  of  sailing-vessels  and  steamers  are  constructed. 
'b  coasting  and  export  trade  is  important, 
j'ho  principal  imports  are  corn,  clover  and  other  seeds, 
n:,  hemp,  oak  bark,  fruit,  wine,  spirits,  colonial  produce, 
tlow,  hides,  tar  and  pitch,  oil,  brimstone,  bones,  bristles, 
r|),  timber  and  cabinet-wood,  pig-iron,  <fco.  The  inliind 
t|le  is  also  very  important,  and  has,  in  recent  times,  been 
gitly  augmented  by  the  different  railwaj'S. 
f  ewcastle  appears  to  have  derived  its  ancient  name.  Pons 
-\'i,  from  a  bridge  erected  over  the  Tyne  by  the  Emperor 
mm.  The  Roman  wall,  built  by  Severus,  passed  through 
iind  terminated  at  Wallsend,  about  3  miles  E.  In  after- 
tj!S  it  became  so  famous  for  its  monastic  establishments 
tl  it  took  the  name  of  Monkchester.  It  owes  its  name  of 
Ncastlo  to  a  fortress  built  by  Robert,  eldest  son  of  William 
tl|  Conqueror.  It  returns  two  members  to  the  House  of 
Cjmons.  The  borough  is  divided  into  eight  wards,  and 
tUmunicipal  government  is  vested  in  a  mayor,  14  alder- 
ui  and  42  councillors.     Pop.  in  1891,  186,345. 

lew  Centre  villc,  sen't?r-vil,a  post-hamlet  of  Oswego 
c4!f.Y.,  on  the  Rome,  Watertown  k  Ogdensburg  Railroad, 
6  les  E.  by  S.  of  Pulaski. 

JW  Ceiitrevillc,  a,  i>ost-hamlct  on  the  Chester  Yal- 
lellailroad,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Norris- 
tu|. 

!W  Centreville,  a  post-borough  in  Milford  town- 
fh  Somerset  co..  Pa.,  2i  miles  N.W.  of  Mineral  Point. 
Itjs  3  churches.     Pop.  196.     Here  is  Glade  Post-OflSce. 

■w  Centreville,  a  post-office  of  St.  Croix  co.,  Wis. 

'W  Chambersburg,  cham'borz-biirg,  a  post- village 
o'.  lumbiana  co.,  0.,  2  miles  from  Moultrie  Station,  and 
ab(.  21)  miles  E.  of  Canton.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  131 . 

i  W  Ches'ter,  a  post-village  of  Adams  co..  Pa.,  in 
Stiane  township,  on  Conewago  Creek,  about  22  miles  W. 
by!  of  York.     It  has  2  churches. 

■J  wChcster,  or  Chester,  a  post-township  of  Adams 
co-jHs.,  about  28  miles  N.N.W.  of  Portage  City.  It  has 
a  qrch.    Pop.  300.     The  post-office  is  New  Chester. 

J  W  Chicago,  she-kaw'go,  a  village  of  Neosho  co.. 
Mis,  near  the  Neosho  River,  on  the  Neosho  division  of 
ttieilissouri,  Kansas  i  Texas  Railroad,  1  mile  S.S.E.  of 

1 W  Chicago,  a  post-village  of  Deer  Lodge  co.,  Mon- 
'•^a  on  llellgate  River,  about  60  miles  W.  of  Helena.  It 
naa  church. 

hv  ChiPlicoth'e,  post-office,  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas. 

fjiy  Church,  a  post-hamlet  of  Accomack  co.,  Va.,  8 
Oil  •5.S.E.  of  Newtown,  Md.  It  has  a  church  and  a  car- 
riiij'ihop. 

^  v-Chwang,  orNiutschuan,  nu-choo-Hn',  a  town 
«n<l:  caty-port  of  the  Chinese  empire,  province  of  Leao- 
i^'i'on  the  navigable  river  Liaou,  near  the  Gulf  of  Pe- 
eae  ,,  35  mUes  S.S.W.  of  Mookden.     It  has  an  increasing 


trade,  and  exports  grain,  beans,  bean-cake,  ginseng,  deer- 
horns,  liquorice,  and  provisions.     Pop.  00,000.  , 

NcAV  Cincinuati,  sin-sin-nah'tee,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Rice  CO.,  Kansas,  S  miles  N.  of  Peace.     It  has  a  church. 

New  City,  a  post-office  of  Sangamon  co..  111. 

New  City,  Rockland  co.,  N.Y.    See  Clarkstowx. 

New  Coein,  sGln,  a  post-office  of  Milwaukee  co..  Wis.,. 
about  7  miles  S.  of  Milwaukee. 

New  Colum'bia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Massac  co..  111., 
about  33  miles  N.E.  of  Cairo.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  a  union  school,  and  mineral  springs. 

New  Columbia,  a  hamlet  of  Atlantic  co.,  N.J.,  in 
MuUica  township,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Elwood.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Columbia,  Warren  co.,  0.   See  Pleasant  Plain. 

New  Columbia,  a  post-villago  of  Union  co..  Pa.,  on. 
the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the 
Catawissa  &  Williamsport  Railroad,  2  miles  above  Milton, 
and  17  miles  W.N.W.  of  Danville.  It  has  2  churches  and' 
2  carriage-shops. 

New  Colum'bus,  a  hamlet  in  Adams  township,  Madi- 
son CO.,  Ind.,  on  Fall  Creek,  6  miles  S.  of  Anderson.  It 
has  a  church.     Pop.  135.     Hero  is  Ovid  Post-Office. 

New  Columbus,  a  post-office  of  Owen  co.,  Ky. 

New  Columbus,  a  post-village  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  8 
miles  AV.  of  Shickshinny  Station,  and  about  40  miles  W.S.W, 
of  Scranton.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy.    Pop.  250, 

Newcomb,  nu'k^m,  a  township  of  Champaign  co.,  111. 
Pop.  897. 

Newcomb,  a  post-township  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  ia 
drained  by  the  Hudson  River  (which  rises  in  or  near  it), 
and  contains  Lake  Sandford  and  other  lakes.  Several  high 
peaks  of  the  Adirondack  Mountains  occur  in  this  township. 
It  has  forests  of  pine,  cedar,  and  hemlock,  mines  of  good 
iron  ore,  and  manufactures  of  iron  and  lumber.    Pop.  183. 

Newcombc,  nii'k9m,  a  post-office  of  Elliott  co.,  Ky. 

New'comerstown,  a  post- village  in  Oxford  township, 
Tuscarawas  co.,  0.,  on  the  Tuscarawivs  River,  and  on  the 
Marietta,  Pittsburg  <t  Cleveland  Railroad,  36  miles  S.  of 
Massillon,  and  83  miles  E.N.E.  of  Columbus.  It  is  also 
on  the  railroad  which  connects  Columbus  with  Pittsburg, 
and  on  the  Ohio  Canal.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  a  union  school.     Pop.  791, 

NewCon'cord,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calloway  co.,Ky.,  10 
miles  E.  of  Murray.     It  has  a  church  and  about  40  houses. 

New  Concord,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y., 
1  mile  from  East  Chatham  Railroad  Station,  and  about  22 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Albany.     It  has  a  church. 

NcAV  Concord,  or  Concord,  a  post-village  in  Union 
township,  Muskingum  co.,  0.,  on  the  Central  Ohio  division 
of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  at  Concord  Station,  17 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Zanesville.  It  contains  the  Muskingum 
College,  a  newspaper  office,  5  churches,  2  flouring-mills,  and 
a  planing-mill.     Pop.  700. 

New  Cor'ner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  Ind.,  11 
miles  N.AV,  of  Muncie,  and  50  miles  N.W.  of  Richmond. 

New  Cor'win,  a  post-hamlet  of  Highland  co.,  0.,  12 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Hillsborough. 

New  Corydon,  kor'^-don,  a  post- village  in  Wabash 
township.  Jay  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Wabash,  about  54  miles  N.  of 
Richmond.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  300, 

New  Creek,  Mineral  co.,  W.  Va.     See  Kevseu. 

New-Cross,  a  hamlet  of  England,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Lon- 
don, on  the  London  <fc  Brighton  Railway. 

New  Cum'berland,  a  post-village  of  Grant  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Mississinewa  River,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Hartford.  It 
has  1  or  2  churches  and  a  flouring-mill. 

NeAV  Cumberland,  a  post-village  in  Warren  town-, 
ship,  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.,  on  Conotten  Creek,  about  20  miles 
S.  by  E.  of  Canton.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  160. 

New  Cumberland,  a  post-borough  of  Cumberland 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Northern 
Central  Railroad,  3  miles  below  llarrisburg.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  sash-  and  door-factory.     P.  515, 

New  Cumberland,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co., 
W.  Va.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Fairview.  It 
has  4  churches,  a  money-order  post-office,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  flaming  gas-well,  and  extensive  manufactures  of 
fire-bricks.     Pop.  about  1400. 

New  Dale,  a  post-office  of  Wetzel  co.,  W.  Va. 

New  Dan'ville,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa., 
4  miles  S.  of  Lancaster.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  coach- 
factory.     Pop.  about  200. 

New  Deer,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Aberdeen,  8 
miles  W.  of  Deer.     Pop.  643. 

Mew  Den'mark,  apost-hamlet  of  Gloucester  co.,  N.J., 
in  Franklin  township,  3  miles  from  Franklinville  Station 
of  the  West  Jersey  Railroad. 


NEW 


1964 


NEW 


New  Denmark,  township,  Broirn  oo.,  Wis.    P.  1145. 

New  Der'ry,  a  post-villago  in  Derry  township,  West- 
moreland CO.,  IV,  about  40  inilos  K.  by  N.  of  Tittsburg, 
and  1  mito  Trom  Dorry  Station  of  the  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road.    It  hoa  3  churches.     Pup.  about  250. 

New  Design,  d^-zin',  a  i>ost-o(Cco  of  Monroe  co..  III., 
about  25  miles  S.  of  SL  Louis,  Mo.  Pop.  of  Now  Design 
township,  2010. 

New  Dig'gings,  a  post-village  of  Lafayette  oo.,  Wis., 
in  Now  Diggings  township,  near  the  Fevre  Uivcr,  about  17 
miles  E.  of  Dubuque,  Iowa.  It  hiis  2  or  .3  churches.  Lead 
ii  niinod  hero.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1805. 

New  Dominion,  do-min'yiln,  a  post-villago  in  Glen- 
garry CO.,  Ontario,  21  miles  from  Lancaster.     Pop.  120. 

New  Don'gola,  or  Marnka,  nii-r&'k&,  a  town  of  Nu- 
bia, capital  of  the  province  of  Dongola,  on  the  W.  bank  of 
the  Nile,  in  Int.  19°  10'  19"  N.,  Ion.  30°  22'  15"  E.  It  is 
populous,  and  important  both  as  a  military  depot  and  us  a 
place  of  trade.  It  has  an  indigo-factory  belonging  to  the 
Egyptian  khodive.     Pop.  5000. 

New  Dorp,  a  post-hamlct  of  Richmond  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Staten  Island  Railroad,  11  milos  S.W.  of  New  York. 

New  Donglas,  dflg'Ios,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co., 
HI.,  about  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Alton.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  town  hall,  and  a  flour-mill. 

New  Dover,  Union  co.,  0.    See  Dover. 

New  Dub'lin,  or  Dublin  Corners,  a  post-villago  in 
Leeds  CO.,  Ontario,  12  miles  E.  of  Fairfield  East.     Pop.  150. 

New  Dun^dee',  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  co.,  Ontario, 
12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Berlin.  It  has  2  stores,  2  hotels,  a  saw- 
mill, and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  300. 

New  Dungeness,  dunj-nSss',  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Clallam  co.,  Washington,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  Strait  of  Juan 
de  Fuca,  about  90  miles  N.  of  Olympia.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Dun'kirk,  a  station  of  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati 
&  Ft.  Louis  Railroad,  2  miles  W.  of  Logansport,  Ind. 

New  Durham,  dur'.am,  a  hamlet  of  La  Porto  eo.,  Ind., 
in  New  Durham  township,  3i  miles  N.E.  of  Westville.  It 
lias  a  church.  The  township  contains  Westville  village,  and 
bos  a  pop.  of  1984. 

New  Durham,  a  post-village  of  Strafford  co.,  N.II.,  in 
New  Durham  township,  on  the  Boston  Jfc  Maine  Railroad, 
24  miles  N.W.  of  Dover.  It  has  2  churches.  The  town- 
ship contains  several  saw-mills.    Pop.  of  the  township,  973. 

New  Durham,  a  post-villago  of  Hudson  co.,  N.J.,  in 
North  Bergen  township,  on  the  New  Jersey  Midland  Rail- 
road, and  on  the  Northern  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  6  miles 
N.  of  Jersey  City.  It  has  a  church,  and  a  tannery  of 
chamois  skins. 

New  Durham,  a  hamlet  of  Middlesex  co.,  N.J.,  li 
miles  from  Metuchen. 

New  Durham,  dtlr'am,  a  post-village  in  Brant  co., 
Ontario,  on  Big  Crock,  19  miles  W.  of  Brantford.  It  con- 
tains 3  stores  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  150. 

NewDurham,or  South  Durham, a  post-village  in 
Drummond  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  66 
miles  E.  of  Montreal.  It  has  a  pearlash-fivctory,  hemlock- 
bark-factories,  2  hotels,  and  4  stores.     Pop.  200. 

New'dy  Quod'dy,  or  West  New'dy  Quod'dy,  a 
post-village  in  Halifax  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  Quoddy  River, 
near  the  sea,  34  miles  N.E.  of  Halifax.  It  contains  2 
churches,  2  hotels,  2  stores,  and  a  lob^^ter-factorj-.  The  in- 
h.abitants  arc  chiefly  engaged  in  the  fisheries.     Pop.  350. 

New  £agle  Mills,  a  post-ofiice  of  Grant  co.,  Ky.,  on 
Eagle  Creek,  40  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Cincinnati. 

New  Edenborough,  e'den-bur-ruh,  a  seaport  town 
of  Nova  Scotia,  co.  of  Digby,  at  the  entrance  of  Sissiboo 
River  into  St.  Mary's  Bay-,  near  Weymouth,  and  20  miles 
S.W.  of  Digby.     Pop.  ISO,  mostly  fishermen. 

New  Ed'inburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dorscy  co.,  Ark., 
15  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Toledo.  It  has  an  academy  and  sev- 
eral churches  near  it. 

New  Edinburgh,  ed'in-biir-ruh,  a  town  of  Ontario, 
CO.  of  Russell,  on  the  Rideau  and  Ottawa  Rivers,  li  miles 
from  Ottawa,  It  contains  Rideau  Hall,  the  residence  of  the 
governor-general  of  Canada,  and  hiis  saw-,  gii.st-,  and  wool- 
len-mills, a  cloth-factory,  a  church,  a  hotel,  and  7  or  8  stores. 
Street-cars  connect  it  with  the  capital.     Pop.  596. 

New  Edinburgh,  od'in-biir-riih,  a  seaport  of  the  re- 
public of  Colombia,  state  and  118  miles  E.S.E.  of  Panama, 
on  the  Gulf  of  Darien. 

New  E'gypt,  a  post-vill.age  in  Plurastcad  township. 
Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  railroad  between  Hightstown  and 
Pemberton,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Mount  Holly,  It  contains  the 
I'lumstead  Institute,  and  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures 
«f  carriages,  tobacco,  cigars,  and  flour. 

Newel)  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Netkl. 


New  E'lam,  a  post-oflice  of  Norton  co.,  Kansas. 

New'ell,  a  township  of  Vermilion  co.,  III.,  on  the  In 
diana  line.     Pop.  1909.     It  contains  Kentucky. 

Newell, a  post-village  in  Newell  township,  BucnaViBt 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Iowa  division  of  tlio  Illinois  Central  Iluil 
road,  43  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Fort  Dodge.  It  has  a  nona 
paper  oflice,  a  bank,  a  church,  a  graded  school,  u  flour-mill 
and  a  broom-factory.     Pop.  ( 1890)  5-10  ;  of  to^vn^'hip,  I  Id? 

Newell,  a  post-hamlct  of  Anderson  eo.,  S.C.,  Mmll* 
S.W.  of  Greenville  Court-IIouso.    It  has  a  saw-mill  and 
grist-mill. 

NewelPs  Island,  an  island  in  the  district  of  Bona 
vista,  Newfoundland,  i  uiilo  from  Green's  Pond.  It  i 
settled  by  fishermen. 

Newell's  Kun,  a  post-oflice  of  AVashington  co.,  0, 

New'cllsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Orcot 
on  the  Willamette  River,  about  22  miles  N.  of  Salem.  " 

New  England,  ing'gland,  a  ]>ost-villiigo  in  Uom 
township,  Athens  eo.,  0.,  on  the  Marietta  A  Cincinnal 
Railroad,  30  miles  AV.  by  S.  of  Marietta.     It  has  a  churol 

New  England,  a  post-oflice  of  Wood  co.,  AV.  A'a. 

New  England  Village,  a  post-village  of  Worcesl 
CO.,  Mass.,  in  Grafton  township,  on  the  Boston  ifc  Albiin 
Railroad,  about  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  AVorcester.  It  h 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  cotton  and  shoes. 

New'ent,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  9  miles  N.W.  o 
Gloucester.     Pop.  of  parish,  3168. 

Ncwent,  a  village  in  Lisbon  township.  New  Londo 
CO.,  Conn.,  near  Jewett  City  Station  of  the  Hartford,  Proi 
idence  &  Fishkill  Riiilroad.     It  has  a  churcb. 

New  En'terprise,  a  hamlet  of  Linn  co.,  Mo.,  abot 
36  miles  E.N.E.  of  Chillicotho.  Hero  is  Northcutt  Po»l 
Oflice. 

New  En'terprise,  a  post-village  in  South  AVoodbur 
township,  Bedford  co..  Pa.,  about  24  miles  S.  of  Altooni 
It  has  a  church. 

New  E'ra,  a  post-hamlct  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind.,  on  th 
Fort  AA'ayne,  Jackson  &  Saginaw  Railroad,  16  miles  N.  o 
Fort  AA^iync.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

New  Era,  a  post-office  of  Concordia  parish,  La.,  o 
Black  River,  12  miles  from  its  mouth. 

New  Era,  a  jtost-ofEcc  of  Oceana  co.,  Mich.,  on  tl 
Chicago  &,  AVcst  Michigan  Railroad,  17  miles  S.  of  Pcnl 
water. 

New  Era,  a  post-oflice  of  Furnas  co..  Neb. 

New  Era,  a  post-villago  of  Clackamas  co.,  Oregon,  o 
the  AA'illamette  River,  and  on  the  Oregon  &  California  Kai 
road,  5  miles  S.  of  Oregon  City.  It  has  a  public  park, 
grist-mill,  2  stores,  &c. 

New  Era,  a  post-hamlet  in  Terry  township,  Bradfor 
CO.,  Pa.,  5  miles  N.E.  of  New  Albany  Station.  It  has 
lumber-mill. 

New  Eureka,  yu-re'ka,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  o 
Jackson  co.,  Kansas,  about  38  miles  X.  of  Topeka. 

New  Excel'sior,  a  post-oflice  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas. 

New  Fair'field,  a  post-office  of  Fairfield  co.,  Conn.,i 
New  Fairfield  township,  C  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Danbury.  ] 
has  2  churches  and  a  churn-factory.    Pop.  of  township,  87i 

Ncw'fanc,  a  post-township  of  Niagara  co.,  N.V., 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake  Ontario,  and  is  traversed  b 
the  Lake  Ontario  Shore  Railroad.    Pop.  3300.    It  conlait 
the  villages  of  Charlottevillo  (where  is  Newfanc  Post-Offic( 
and  Olcott,  and  Newfanc  Station. 

Newfane,  a  township  of  AVindham  co.,  A't.  Pop.  HOI 
It  contains  AVilliamsvillc,  Pondville,  and  Faycttcvillc,  th 
county  seat. 

Newfane,  a  post-oflice  of  Fond  du  Lac  co.,  AVi8.,on  th 
Milwaukee  &  Fond  du  Lac  Air-Line  Railroad,  18  inilfl 
S.S.E.  of  Fond  du  Lac. 

Newfane  Station,  a  post-hamlct  of  Niagara  co.^N.V 
on  the  Rome,  AA'^atertown  &  Ogdcnsburg  Railroad,  17  mili 
N.E.  of  Lewiston.     Here  is  a  grist-mill.  _ 

New'field,  a  post-village  in  Ncwfield  township,  Y"r 
CO.,  Me.,  about  32  miles  AV.  of  Portland.  It  has  2  church 
and  2  grist-mills.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1193. 

Newfield,  a  post-village  of  Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  at ! 
junction  of  the  Cape  May  and  Atlantic  City  branches  of  ! 
AVest  Jersey  Railroad,  30  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Camden, 
has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  and  several  stores. 

Newfield,  a  post-village  in  Newfield  township,  Tomf 
kins  CO.,  N.Y.,  li  miles  from  Newfield  Station,  which  i.«  o 
the  Geneva,  Ithaca  &  Sayre  Railroad,  6  miles  S..S.W. 
Ithaca,  and  20  miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Elmira.  Newfield  h 
3  churches,  a  union  school,  2  ttouring-mills,  a  woollen-fm 
tory,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1S90,  2214. 
New  Flat  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Union  eo.,  Tenn. 
New  Flat  Fork,  a  post-oflice  of  Clay  co.,  AA'.  A' a. 


NEW 


1965 


NEW 


New  Flor'ence,  a  post-village  in  Danville  township, 
ont"omery  co.,  Alo.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  & 
artirern  Railroad,  77  miles  W.N.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has 
flmrehcs.     Pop.  about  300. 

New  Florence,  a  post-borough  of  Westmoreland  co., 
I.  is  near  Conemaugh  Creek,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania 
lilroad,  64  miles  E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  3  churches  and  5 
;ics.     Pop.  in  1890,  683. 

New  For'cstj  a  royal  forest  and  hundred  of  England, 
the  S.W.  of  the  co.  of  Hants,  W.  of  Southampton-Water, 
rcuuifcrence,  about  60  miles.  It  is  divided  into  buili- 
cks,  under  foresters,  wood-wards,  and  rangers,  the  whole 
uler  a  lord-warden,  whose  forest-courts  are  held  at  Lynd- 
irst.  It  abounds  in  game,  red  deer,  hogs,  semi-wild 
irses,  and  excellent  timber. 

New  Found,  a  post-office  of  Buncombe  co.,  N.C. 
Newfoundland,  nu'fQnd-land'  (L.  Ter'ra  No'va ; 
■,  Ti:ri-e-Ncave,  taiit-nuv;  Ocr.  Neu-FouHdland,  noi'- 
jiit-lint*),  a  large  island  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  at  the 
)ulh  of  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  between  lat.  40°  38' 
,1  51°  40'  N.  and  Ion.  02°  35'  and  59°  35'  W.  Its  S.AV. 
int  approaches  Ca])o  Breton;  N.  and  N.E.  are  the  shores 
Labrador,  from  which  it  is  divided  by  the  Strait  of 
die  Isle;  E.  is  the  Atlantic,  and  W.  is  the  Gulf  of  St, 
wrcnco.  It  lies  nearer  to  Europe  than  any  other  part  of 
iierica.  It  is  about  1200  miles  in  circumference;  its 
ilth,  at  the  very  widest  part,  being  about  300  miles,  and 
extreme  length  about  419  miles.  It  is  exceedingly 
egular,  and  is  indented  with  deep  bays  and  harbors, 
iny  of  which  are  extensive,  commodious,  and  well  shel- 
ed.  The  interior  of  the  island  has  never  been  thoroughly 
plorod,  but  appears  to  be  rocky,  much  intersected  by  rivers 
d  lakes,  and  but  thinly  wooded,  except  on  the  banks  of 
[3  rivers.  There  are  districts  called  barrens,  occupying 
!)  summits  of  the  hills  and  elevated  tracts,  covered  with 
bin  and  scrubby  vegetation,  with  patches  of  gravel  and 
ilJers  and  crumbling  fragments  of  rock.  The  sea-cliffs 
)  for  the  most  part  bold  and  lofty,  with  deep  water  close 
the  shore. 

!rho  rivers  of  Newfoundland  arc  numerous,  but  the  ma- 
ity  are  suiiiU.  The  largest  are  the  Ilumber,  River  of 
pioits,  Gambo,  and  Great  Cod  Roy  Rivers.  Nearly 
the  rivers  issue  from  lakes  or  ponds  in  the  interior, 
ny  of  them  abound  with  excellent  salmon.  Fresh-water 
03  and  ponds  are  also  numerous,  the  surface  covered 
li  fresh  water  being  estimated  at  one-third  of  the  whole 
ind.  The  principal  lakes  in  the  island  are  Gander 
nd,  Deer  Pond,  Grand  Pond,  and  Red  Indian  Pond. 
j6  prevalent  formation  of  Newfoundland  is  granite,  and 

I  some  parts  porphyry,  quartz,  gneiss,  mica,  and  clay- 
to,  with  secondary  and,  over  a  considerable  area,  car- 
liferous  formations.  The  minerals  of  the  island  com- 
jSe  silver,  copper,  lead,  chromic  iron,  magnetic  iron, 
ijcular  iron,  manganese,  nickel,  plumbago,  gypsum,  ser- 

iitino,  jaspers,  white  and  black  marble,  limestone,  and 
1.  The  principal  mines  are  the  Tilt  Cove  Mine  (copper), 
Notre  Dame  Mine  (copper),  both  on  the  eastern  side  of 
island,  and  the  La  Manche  Mine  (lead),  on  the  south- 
i  coast.  The  first-named  has  been  very  productive, 
.he  climate,  being  insular,  is  not  liable  to  so  great 
nges  in  temperature  as  that  of  the  neighboring  conti- 
tal  provinces,  the  winter  being  much  milder  and  the 
|imer  not  nearly  so  warm.  The  average  temperature  of 
jiruary,  the  coldest  month,  is  22°,  of  July,  the  hottest, 
%  and  of  the  year,  40°.  The  winter  lasts  from  Decem- 
\  till  April.  The  summer  is  short  and  warm.  In  May 
C.  the  beginning  of  June  dense  fogs  prevail  on  the  banks 
i.  neighboring  shores.  The  principal  trees  are  spruce, 
Hih,  larch,  willow,  ash,  and  fir  ;  but  they  do  not  attain  to 
i.rge  size.  Recumbent  evergreens  are  to  be  mot  in  great 
>licty;  berry-growing  bushes  abound  in  every  swamp. 
I'opcan  and  American  grasses,  also  red  and  white  clover, 
£|  abundant.  In  several  sections  agriculture  can  be  car- 
1 1  on  with  profit.  In  the  neighborhood  of  many  of  the 
1 38  and  rivers  there  are  valuable  soils.  Potatoes  yield 
^  I,  and  are  of  excellent  quality;  green  crops  thrive  in 
I  ly  districts.  Wheat  has  been  known  to  yield  30  bushels 
l!  acre.  Apples,  plums,  and  cherries  have  been  raised 
^Ji  success;  gooseberries,  strawberries,  and  raspberries 
cj  cry  good  quality  ai-e  grown.  The  timber  lands,  amount- 
1}  to  nearly  one  million  of  acres,  and  situated  principally 
cj  the  western  side  of  the  island,  and  by  the  chief  lakes 
«ii  rivers,  though  of  high  importance,  are  wholly  unsettled. 
•»  lands  are  let  for  lumbering  purposes  :  the  laws  provide 
'  .  they  shall  be  disposed  of  for  settlement  alone. 
;ho  only  animal  peculiar  to  the  island  is  the  Newfound- 
i  dog,  famous  the  world  over.    Among  the  wild  ani- 


mals may  bo  enumerated  the  deer,  the  wolf,  the  bear,  tlio 
beaver,  the  marten,  and  the  wild  cat.  Land  and  aquatio 
birds  abound.  Seals  are  numerous  on  the  coasts,  as  are 
also  whales,  grampuses,  and  porpoises;  while  for  fish  there 
is  no  place  in  the  world  comparable  to  Newfoundland, 
especially  for  cod.  The  famous  Grand  Banks  swarm  with 
fish.  These  banks  form  the  most  extensive  submarine  ele- 
vation on  the  face  of  the  globe,  being  over  600  miles  in 
length  and  200  miles  in  breadth,  with  a  depth  of  water 
varying  from  10  to  160  fathoms.  The  prosecution  of  the 
fishery  on  the  Grand  Banks  has  of  late  years  been  left  ex- 
clusively in  the  hands  of  foreigners,  principally  French, 
whilst  the  shore  fishery,  which,  with  less  risk,  is  more  con- 
venient, is  carried  on  by  the  fishermen  of  the  island.  The 
cod-fishery  opens  in  June  and  lasts  till  the  middle  of  No- 
vember, and  may  be  said  to  form  the  chief  occupation  of 
the  inhabitants  of  the  island.  The  average  annual  value 
of  this  fishery  is  about  $6,000,000,  including  the  dried  cod- 
fish exported,  the  quantity  consumed  by  the  ])opulation, 
and  the  oil  extracted  from  the  fish.  From  25,000  to  30,000 
people  and  1200  vessels  engage  in  the  Labrador  fishery, 
and  the  annual  export  is  valued  at  about  $1,500,000.  The 
shore  fishery  is  prosecuted  along  the  whole  coast-lino  in 
Newfoundland,  and  is  the  mainstay  of  the  very  large  por- 
tion of  the  population  who,  from  poverty,  age,  or  disin- 
clination, refrain  from  going  on  extended  fishing  trips,  or 
divide  their  time  between  farming  and  fishing.  The  seal- 
fishery  is  next  in  importance,  employing  many  sailing- 
vessels  and  quite  a  number  of  steamers.  About  250,000 
seals  are  annually  taken,  and  their  skins  sent  to  Great 
Britain  for  manufacturing  purposes;  the  fat  is  made  into 
seal  oil,  which  is  used  in  manufacturing  and  for  lubricating 
purposes.  Another  important  branch  of  the  fishing  indus- 
try is  the  taking  and  canning  of  lobsters,  which,  although 
commenced  since  1880,  has  now  an  annual  value  of  about 
$500,000.  This  business  is  carried  on  principally  by  the 
French,  who  have  erected  several  lobster-canning  factories 
on  the  coast  of  Newfoundland,  and  although  certain  fishing 
rights  are  conceded  to  them,  the  legality  of  this  action  is 
disputed  by  the  colonists,  on  the  ground  that  the  lobster  is 
not  a  fish,  but  a  crui^tauean,  and  that  canning  lobsters  is 
not  drying  fish.  The  imports  of  the  colony  consist  of  all 
articles  used  for  food  and  clothing,  as  well  as  for  domestic 
purposes.  The  principal  exports  are  fish  and  fish  oils,  seal 
oil  and  skins.  Trade  is  chiefly  with  Great  Britain,  the 
United  States,  and  the  British  colonies. 

The  government  of  Newfoundland  pays  $120,000  an- 
nually for  the  steam  service  of  the  colony.  The  steamers 
subsidized  are  the  Allan  Lino  to  and  from  Liverpool  and 
Ilalifa.Y  or  some  port  in  the  Dominion  or  United  States, 
once  a  fortnight;  a  steamer  once  a  fortnight  from  St.  John's 
northward ;  a  steamer  once  a  fortnight  from  St.  John's  west- 
ward ;  one  from  St.  John's  to  Conception  Bay ;  one  to  con- 
vey the  judges  on  circuit,  and  one  on  the  Labrador  coast, 
running  once  a  fortnight  along  the  shore  from  S.  to  N.  and 
back,  giving  information  to  the  fishermen  whore  the  fish  is 
most  abundant. 

The  public  aflfairs  of  Newfoundland  are  administered  bj 
a  governor,  an  executive  council  of  6  members,  a  legisla- 
tive council  of  13  members,  and  a  legislative  assembly  of 
36  representatives.  The  judicial  department  comprises  a 
supreme  court,  with  a  chief  and  two  assistant  judges,  a  vice- 
admiralty  court,  and  a  district  court.  The  public  school 
system  is  based  on  the  denominational  principle  as  regards 
Roman  Catholics,  and  the  non-denominational  as  regards 
Protestants  generally ;  in  consonance  therewith  there  are  two 
general  inspectors  of  elementary  or  board  schools.  There  are 
4  public  academies,  based  on  the  denominational  principle, 
and  all  situated  in  the  capital  of  the  island  ;  1  for  Roman 
Catholics,  which  is  in  connection  with  their  college;  1  for 
Church  of  England  Protestants,  in  connection  with  their 
collegiate  establishment;  1  for  Wesleyans ;  and  1  for  Prot- 
estants of  all  other  denominations.  The  towns  of  Harbor 
Grace  and  Carbonear  have  each  a  grammar-school,  besides 
the  commercial  and  elementary  board  schools. 

Railways  are  in  course  of  construction  from  St.  John's  to 
Hall's  Bay  (340  miles)  and  to  Carbonear  (100  miles),  and 
steamers  make  frequent  trips  to  the  principal  places  N.  and 
S.  of  St.  John's,  and  ply  between  ports  on  Conception  Bay, 

The  inhabitants  of  Newfoundland  are  principally  the 
descendants  of  the  settlers  from  England  and  Ireland, 
The  aboriginal  inhabitants,  known  as  Red  Indians,  have 
been  extinct  for  many  years  past.  There  are  a  few  Mio 
Macs  in  the  island. 

Pop.  in  1884  ot  island,  193,121 ;  ot  mainland,  4:iil ;  total, 
197,332,  The  district  of  Labrador  is  that  part  of  the  penin- 
sula of  Labrador  whose  waters  flow  directly  into  the  Atlantic. 


NE\7 


1968 


NEW 


There  aro  2  Roman  Catholio  (liocoxos  In  NcwfounJlnnd, 
'—St.  John's  and  Harbor  Qraco, — and  1  or  tbo  Church  of 
England,  with  a  coadjutor  blahop.  The  roligious  denomina- 
tions, aooording  to  the  oonaus  of  1884,  are  us  follows : 

Cbiirch  of  KngUnd ^ .^ ^......  69,000 

Oiurch  or  Kunte ^ ~ 7S,:i-'i4 

AVmlpymii ~ 48,707 

/Cliurcli  of  Scotland ^ ~. 6<K) 

J'rve  Kirk ~ (MX) 

UuiiKn-gHtioualiitta 4U0 

iBHptUu ~ -Zo 


Total. 


.194,58C 


Ncwfoumiland  is  supposed  to  have  been  discovered  by 
Northuion  about  the  year  1000.  It  was  rediscovered  by 
Sir  John  Cabot  and  his  son  Sebastian  on  the  24th  June, 
14U7.  A  settlement  was  subsequently  formed  by  some 
Portuguese  adventurers,  who  were  in  turn  expelled  by  Sir 
Francis  Drake  in  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth.  Subse- 
quently numerous  English  and  French  colonics  occujjied 
portions  of  the  island,  until,  in  1713,  it  was  declared  by  the 
treaty  of  Utrecht  to  belong  wholly  to  Great  Britain,  the 
Frcnuh  reserving  a  right  to  fish  on  certain  parts  of  the 
coast,  the  rocky  islets  of  St.  Pierre  and  Miquelon  being 
also  assigned  to  them  on  condition  that  they  should  not  bo 
Hsed  for  military  purposes.  The  first  governor  of  the  island 
was  appointed  in  172S,  and  the  first  legislative  assembly 
met  on  the  1st  of  January,  17.S3.  The  most  noteworthy 
town  on  the  inland  is  St.  John's,  the  capital.  It  has  tele- 
graphic communication  with  Canada,  the  United  States, 
Europe,  and  the  most  important  places  on  the  island. 

NcwfoiiiidMnnd,  a  post-hamlet  of  Elliott  co.,  Ky., 
about  54  miles  S.E.  of  Maysville.  It  has  2  churches  and 
an  academy. 

Newfoundland,  a  post-village  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  New  Jersey  Midland  Railroad,  44  miles  N.W.  of  Jersey 
City.     It  has  a  church. 

Newfoundland,  or  German  Flats,  a  post-hamlet 
of  Wayne  co.,  Pa.,  about  22  miles  E.S.E.  of  Scranton.  It 
has  3  churches. 

New  Foun'tain,  a  post-hamlet  of  Medina  co.,  Tex., 
S7  miles  \V.  of  San  Antonio.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Frank'cn,  a  post-ofiice  of  Brown  co.,  Wis.,  9  or 
10  miles  E.N.E.  of  the  city  of  Green  Bay. 

New  Frank'fort,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Johnson  township.     Pop.  79. 

New  Frankfort,  a  post-villago  of  Saline  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  Missouri  River,  14  miles  below  Brunswick.  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

New  Franklin,  Howard  co.,  Mo.     See  Franklix. 

New  Franklin,  a  post-village  in  Paris  township,  Stark 
CO.,  0.,  1  mile  from  Moultrie  Station,  and  about  15  miles  E. 
of  Canton.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  furniture-factory. 

New  Franklin,  a  hamlet  of  Franklin  co..  Pa.,  4  miles 
S.  of  Chambcrsburg,  and  i  mile  from  Jackson  llall.  It  has 
about  18  houses. 

New  Frce'dom,  a  post-borough  of  York  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  39  miles  N.  of  Baltimore. 
It  h.as  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  bricks,  cigars,  Ac. 

New  Free'p^rt,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co..  Pa., 
about  6  milas  S.S.W.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  church. 

NcAV  Futtak,  Ilung.ary.     See  Futtak. 

New  Gair'loch,  a  post-village  and  settlement  in  Pie- 
tou  CO.,  Nov.a  Scotia,  18  miles  from  Glengarry.     Pop.  200. 

New  Gal'ilcc,  a  post-village  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  a  railroad  extending  to  Darlington  and  Canncll- 
ton,  40  miles  N.W.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2  churches,  2  car- 
riage-shops, and  manufactures  of  coal-drills.     Pop.  241. 

New  Gal'loway,  a  borough  of  Scotland,  on  the  Ken, 
CO.  and  19  miles  N.W.  of  Kirkcudbright.     Pop.  440. 

New  Gar'den,  township,  Wayne  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1519. 

New  Garden,  a  post-office  of  Ray  co..  Mo.,  16  miles 
N.W.  of  Richmond.     Here  is  a  church. 

New  Garden,  a  post-village  of  Guilford  co.,  N.C.,  on 
the  Northwestern  North  Carolina  Railroad,  88  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Raleigh.  It  has  a  foundry,  a  machine-shop,  and  a 
Friends'  boarding-school. 

New  Garden,  a  post-village  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.,  4 
miles  from  Hanover  Railroad  Station,  and  about  145  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  foundry. 
Pop.  about  300. 

New  Garden,  a  post-township  in  the  S.  part  of  Chester 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  12  miles  N.AV.  of  Wilmington,  Del.  Pop. 
1790.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Philadelphia  A  Baltimore 
Ceiitral  Railroad,  and  contains  villages  named  Landenburg 


111),  I  mile  trom  Toughkunaiiion  Sliition 
which  is  39  miles  W.S.W.  of  Philadelphia,  llure  are  1 
Friends'  meetings. 

New  Garden,  a  post-office  of  Russell  co.,  Va. 

New  (ins'conv,  a  post-hamlct  of  JclTerson  co.,  Ark. 
on  the  Arkansas  River,  12  miles  by  land  E.  of  Pino  lUuff 
It  has  2  churches.     Cotton  is  shipped  hero  in  stcambout* 

New  Gen^csee',  a  post-office  of  Whitcsido  co  III 
about  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Sterling.  ' 

New  Gene'va,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Pi.,  ji 
Nicholson  township,  on  the  Monongahcla  River,  100  mlto 
by  steam-packet,  and  about  50  miles  by  land,  S.  of  Pitts 
burg.  It  nas  2  churches,  a  steam  grist-mill,  2  potteric«  fj, 
stoneware,  an  iron-furnace,  and  a  snw-mill. 

New  Geneva,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  W.  Va, 

New  Georgia  is  a  name  once  applied  to  the  coast-lini 
of  North  America,  on  the  Pacific,  comprising  Vancoiive 
Island  and  the  adjacent  mainland  as  farS.  as  the  Columbia 

NewGer'niantown,a  post-village  of  llimtorduiico. 
N.J.,  35  miles  N.  of  Trenton.  It  bos  2  churches  and  ai 
academy. 

New  Germantown,  a  post-village  of  Perry  co.,  Pa, 
about  40  miles  W.  of  llarrisburg.     Pop.  I:i3. 

New  Germany,  a  village  of  Atlantic  co.,  N.J.,  !i 
Bucna  Vista  township,  3  miles  from  llammonton.  It  ha 
2  churches. 

New  Ger'many,  a  village  in  Waterloo  co.,  Ontario,  3 
miles  from  Brcslau.     Pop.  150. 

New  Germany,  or  Ccntrcville,  a  post-villago  !i 
Lunenburg  CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  La  Have  River,  18  mile 
from  Mahone  Bay.    It  has  S  stores  and  1  hotel.    Pop.  500 

New  Gla'rus,  a  post- village  in  New  (llarus  township 
Green  co..  Wis.,  about  24  miles  S.W.  of  Madison.  It  ba 
a  graded  school,  2  churches,  and  a  cheese-factory.  Pop.  o' 
the  township,  975. 

New  Glas'gow,  a  seaport  town  of  Nova  Scotia,  co.  ol 
Pictou,  on  the  East  River,  near  its  entrance  into  Picloi 
Harbor,  and  on  the  Intercolonial  Railway,  104  miles  X.l; 
of  Halifax.  It  contains  2  foundries,  several  tanneries,  i 
pottery,  a  branch  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  several  ship 
yards,  4  hotels,  and  about  40  stores.  Some  of  the  lar;,'c« 
ships  of  Nova  Scotia  were  built  here.  Extensive  coal-mine 
are  worked  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  3000, 

New  Glasgow,  Ontario,     bee  Ai.nnonoucn 

NcAV  Glas'gow,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co.,  Princ 
Edward  Island,  on  tlie  Clyde  River,  17  miles  from  Char 
lottetown.  It  contains  an  iron-foundry,  tannery,  grist-  ani 
saw-mill,  a  ship-yard,  a  hotel,  and  4  stores.     Pop.  150. 

New  Glasgow,  a  post-village  in  Terrebonne  co.,  Qn« 
bee,  36  miles  N.W.  of  Montreal.  It  has  a  large  trade  ii 
lumber  and  flour,  and  contains  Sstorcs,  a  tannery,  and  salf' 
grist-,  and  carding-mills.     Pop.  108. 

New  Glas'gow  Depot,  a  post-hamlct  of  Amhcn 
CO.,  Va.,  on  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  19  miles  N.  a 
Lynchburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

NeAV  Gloucester,  glos't?r,  a  post-village  in  Xci 
Gloucester  township,  Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  on  the  Gran 
Trunk  and  Maine  Central  Railroads,  22  miles  N.  of  Port 
land.  It  has  several  churches  and  a  high  school.  At  W« 
New  Gloucester  there  is  a  Shaker  village.  Pop.  of  ih 
township,  1496. 

New  Goa,  India.    Sec  Pan.)IM  ;  also  Goa. 

New  Go'shen,  a  post-hamlct  in  Fayette  township,  Vig 
CO.,  Ind.,  about  10  miles  N.  of  Terre  Haute.  It  has  ecv 
era!  churches. 

New  Got'tingen,  a  hamlet  of  Guernsey  co.,  0.,  i 
Richland  township,  1  mile  S.  of  Gibson's  Station.     Pop.  "^ 

New  Gott'iand,  a  post-office  of  Mcl'herson  co..  Kan 
sas,  28  miles  S.  of  Salina.     Pop.  of  township  in  1S90,  66! 

New  Grannda,  South  America.    See  Colombia. 

New  Grand  Chain,  a  post-village  of  l'uli».<ki  co 
111.,  on  the  Cairo  A  Vincennes  Railroad,  20  miles  N..V.K.  o 
Cairo,  and  2  miles  from  the  Ohio  River.  It  has  a  clmrcl 
a  flouring-mill,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  ploughs.  Ai 

New  Grenada,  grcn-ah'da,  a  post-village  of  J'ulto 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  30  miles  W.N.W.'  of  Chauibersburg.  It  ba 
2  churches.     Coal  is  found  here.     Pop.  about  100. 

New  Gret'na,  a  post-villago  of  Burlington  W'>  ^j"' 
in  Bass  River  township,  6  miles  W.  of  Tuckcrton.  It  na 
2  churches. 

New  Griqualand,  Africa.    See  Griqcalawd  E*ct, 

New  Gron'ingen,  a  post-village  in  Holland  townsnij 
Ottawa  CO.,  Mich.,  1  mile  from  Zceland  Station,  and  4  miW 
from  Holland.     It  has  a  church  and  a  brick-kiln. 


NEW 


1967 


NEW 


I  "  New  Guilford,  Coshocton  oc,  0.     See  East  Union. 
I      New  (Guinea,  an  island  of  the  Pacific.    See  Papua. 

New  Ilack'ensack,  a  post-village  of  Dutchess  co., 
N.Y.,  about  65  miles  N.  of  New  York. 

New  Hagerstown,  ha'gh^rz-tSwn,  a  post-village  of 
Carroll  co.,  0.,  in  Orange  township,  li  miles  from  Bowers- 
ton  Railroad  Station,  and  about  30  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Canton. 
It  has  a  church  and  an  academy.     Pop.  about  200. 

Ncw'hall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Los  Angeles  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  33  miles  N.N.W.  of  Los 
Angeles. 

New  Ilalla,  a  town  of  India.    See  Halt.a, 

Ncw'liall's,  a  station  on  the  Wakefield  Branch  of  the 
Eastern  Railroad,  2  miles  W.  of  Peabody,  Mass. 

New  Ham'burg,  a  post-ofiice  of  Scott  co.,  Mo. 

New  Hamburg,  a  post-village  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Hudson  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Wappinger's  Creek, 
and  on  the  Hudson  River  Railroad,  9  miles  below  Pough- 
keepsic.  It  has  2  churches  and  an  iron-foundry.  A  steam 
ferry  connects  this  place  with  Marlborough,  on  the  opposite 
bank.     Pop.  about  500. 

New  Hamburg,  a  post-village  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Shenango  &  Alleghany  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Green- 
ville, and  about  21-  miles  N.  of  New  Castle.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  carriage-factory. 

New  Ilam'burg,  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  co.,  On- 
jtario,  on  the  river  Nith,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway, 
375  miles  W.  of  Toronto.  It  contains  an  iron-foundry,  a  wool- 
jlcn-factory,  brewery,  tannery,  grist-mill,  a  printing-office 
'issuing  a  German  weekly  newspaper,  4  hotels,  and  about  a 
Sdozen  stores.     Pop.  1003, 

I  New  Ilamp'den,  a  post-hamlet  of  Highland  co.,  Va., 
[so  miles  W.N.W.  of  Staunton.  It  has  several  churches 
{and  a  flour-mill. 

(  New  Hampshire,  nuhamp'shir,  one  of  the  New  Eng- 
land states  of  the  American  Union,  bounded  N.  by  the  prov- 
'Ince  of  Quebec,  Canada,  E.  by  Maine  and  the  Atlantic,  £.  by 
[Massachusetts,  and  W.  by  Vermont.  Its  W.  boundary  is 
i;he  W,  bank  of  the  Connecticut  River  as  far  northward  as 
|.he  mouth  of  Hall's  Stream,  which  affluent  the  state  line 

iisccnds  to  its  source,  and  thence  it  follows  eastwardly  the 
•.rest  of  one  of  the  ranges  called  Notre  Dame  Mountains 
ly  the  Canadians,  till  the  W.  boundary  of  Maine  is  reached. 
ts  southern  limit  is  in  lat.  42°  40'  N.  (very  nearly),  ex- 
ept  that  eastward  of  the  Merrimac  River  the  state  line 
uns  as  nearly  as  possible  at  a  uniform  distance  of  5  miles 
,)  the  north  of  that  stream.     Area,  9305  square  miles,  of 
jhich  9005  square  miles  constitute  the  land  area,  the  en- 
jlosed  water  surface  of  the  state  occupying  300  square  miles 
Face  of  the  Country. — This   state,   the  "Switzerland  of 
merica,"  is  famed  for  the  picturesque  and  wild  scenery  of 
10  White  and  Franconia  Mountains,  in  its  northern  part, 
lad  for  the  beauty  of  its  lakes,  of  which  Lake  Winnepe- 
[mkee  is  the  large.-st  and  finest.     It  has  110,000  .acres  of 
kes.    The  primeval  forests  of  the  extreme  N.  afibrd  much 
mber,  and  are  the  resort  of  the  angler  and  sportsman  in 
.0  proper  season.     The  v.alley  of  the  Connecticut  is  noted 
r  the  quiet  beauty  of  its  farms  and  villages.    Most  of  the 
ito  has  a  rough  and  hilly  surface,  except  the  extreme 
E.    Among  the  White  and  Franconia  Mountains  the  lof- 
|at  are  Mount  Washington  (C288  feet  high,  the  highest 
int  in  the  United  States  east  of  the  Mississippi,  except  one 
two  peaks  in  North  Carolina),  Mounts  Adams  (5759),  Jef- 
•son  (5657),  Clay  (5553),  Madison  (5415),  Monroe  (5349), 
id  Lafayette  (5250);   and  there  are  a  number  of  peaks 
jiceeding  4000  feet.     Southward  of  the  AVhite  Mountains 
isreare  numerous  elevated  points,  of  which  Mounts  Cho- 
|rua,  Kearsarge,  Moose-llillock  (or  Moosilauke),  and  the 
,and  Monadnock  are  among  the  most  noteworthy.     (The 
te  has  two  mounts  Kearsarge  and  two  Monadnooks,  all 
jlely  remote  from  one  another.) 

I'Jeology. — The  eozoicor  Laurentian  rocks  prevail  through- 
j;  New  Hampshire,  except  that  along  the  Connecticut 
}rer,  and  again  in  theS.E.,  there  are  tracts  whose  accessi- 
i  strata  are  (with  some  doubt)  usually  referred  to  a  Silu- 
jn  age.  These  strata  are  highly  metamorphic.  Near 
I' rivers  there  are  some  large  alluvial  plains.  It  is  be- 
Ked  that  the  only  important  metallic  ores  in  New  Ilamp- 
jre  are  the  iron  ores,  wrought  principally  at  Franconia,  but 
|mdant  also  at  Piermont,  Landalf,  Gilford,  and  Bartlett. 
4?  ores  have  been  found  at  various  points.  Lead  and 
ij  er  have  been  traced,  and  attain  a  rich  development  at 
jdison  and  Warren.  At  Jackson  occurs  a  thin  vein  of 
}  which  is  a  rare  metal  in  the  United  States.  Gold  has 
'in  mined  at  Lisbon.  Fine  building-granite  is  exten- 
9'-ly  quarried  at  several  points  (Concord,  Plymouth, 
iikaett.  Milford,  Pelham,  <kc.).   Francestown  has  quarries 


of  a  fine  soapstonc,  which  is  elsewhere  common.  In  1870, 
Carroll  co.  reported  a  yield  of  silver  worth  $10,000,  besides 
some  lead  and  zinc  ;  and  the  stone  there  quarried  was  worth 
in  the  aggregate  $309,720.  Some  of  the  largest  berylis 
known  to  exist  have  been  found  in  New  Hampshire,  at  Al- 
Etcad  and  Acworth.  Useful  mineral  waters  flow  at  several 
points.  Mica,  plumbago,  quartz-sand,  and  pyrites  are 
among  the  utilized  minerals. 

Rivers. — The  principal  streams  are  the  Connecticut,  with 
its  tributaries  the  Upper  and  Lower  and  Wild  Ammo- 
noosuck,  and  the  Mascoma,  Sugar,  and  Ashuelot ;  the  Mer- 
rimac, with  its  constituent  streams  the  Pcmigewassct  and 
the  Winnepesaukce,  and  its  tributaries  the  Contoocook, 
Souhegan,  Nashua,  Spickett,  Suncook,  <tc. ;  the  Piscataqua, 
whose  estuary  is  the  harbor  of  Portsmouth,  and  which  re- 
ceives the  Squamscot,  Lamprey,  Cocheeo,  and  Salmon  Falls ; 
and  the  rivers  Ossipee,  Saco,  and  Androscoggin,  which  flow 
into  Maine  from  this  state.  The  streams  of  New  Hamp- 
shire afford  great  water-power,  which  is  largely  utilized. 

Coaai-line,  d-c. — The  coast  of  New  Hampshire  extends  no 
more  than  18  miles  in  a  right  line,  and  the  only  harbor  is 
shared  by  Portsmouth  and  Kittery,  Me.  The  Isles  of  Shoals, 
in  the  Atlantic,  belong  in  part  to  New  Hampshire  and  in 
part  to  Maine.  At  Rye  and  Hampton  there  are  fine  sea- 
beaches,  much  resorted  to  in  summer. 

Objects  of  Interest  to  Tourists. — Besides  the  mountain  - 
region,  already  alluded  to,  the  Isles  of  Shoals,  the  sea- 
beaches  of  Hampton  and  Rye,  and  the  valleys  of  the  Con- 
necticut, Ammonoosuck,  Saco,  and  Androscoggin  attract 
many  visitors  by  reason  of  their  beautiful  scenery.  Rumford 
Falls,  Bellows  Falls,  North  Conway  Meadow,  the  "  Vale  of 
Tempo,"  near  Hanovci",  and  Luke  Sunapee  are  well  worthy 
of  the  tourist's  nttehdbn. 

Agriculture. — Although  large  gains  were  noted  in  every 
census  of  New  Hampshire  previous  to  1860,  yet  her  .agri- 
cultural interests  have  long  been  declining,  the  farming 
population  removing  in  great  numbers  to  the  manufactur- 
ing towns  and  to  other  states.  In  the  valley  lands  near 
the  Connecticut,  and  in  some  parts  of  the  Merrimac  Valley, 
there  are  exceedingly  fertile  and  valuable  farms  even  in  the 
N.,  and  many  of  the  abandoned  farms  were  once  productive, 
and  would  be  so  again  if  judiciously  managed.  Much  of 
the  Land,  however,  is  stony  and  of  an  untoward  character, 
and  gives  better  returns  as  woodland  and  pasture  than  as 
tillage-land.  For  several  years  the  state  authorities  have 
endeavored  to  assist  the  sale  of  abandoned  lands  to  actual 
settlers,  and  as  a  result  of  these  efforts  350  of  14  12  aban- 
doned farms  were  rcpopulated  during  the  year  1890.  The 
hay-crop  is  by  far  the  most  important  in  New  Hampshire. 
Oats,  barley,  rye,  buckwheat,  potatoes,  and  Indian  corn 
are  cultivated  very  generally.  Fruit-raising  is  generally 
profitable.  The  peach  doe."  much  better  in  favorable  locali- 
ties southward  than  in  Massachusetts,  as  the  flower-buds 
start  later  and  are  therefore  less  liable  to  injury  from  the 
frosts  of  spring.  Dairy-farming  and  wool-growing  are  fol- 
lowed to  some  extent.  Tobacco  is  grown  in  the  S.W.  part 
of  the  state,  near  the  Connecticut,  the  soil  of  the  valley 
being  well  adapted  to  this  crop.  Milk  is  very  profitably 
shipped  by  rail  to  the  Boston  market. 

Forests. — The  principal  forests  are  in  the  extreme  N.^ 
beyond  the  White  Mountains;  but  the  state  is  everywhere 
well  wooded,  and  aff'ords  great  amounts  of  timber,  maplo 
sugar,  firewood,  tanners'  bark,  charcoal,  Ac.  Much  hard 
wood  is  cut  for  furniture  and  wooden-ware  makers'  use; 
some  pine,  and  many  logs  of  spruce  and  hemlock,  are 
floated  down  the  principal  streams,  to  be  sawn  into  lumber. 
Mitnu/actures  constitute  by  far  the  most  important  indus- 
trial interest  of  New  Hampshire.  The  busy  cities  of  Man- 
chester, Dover,  and  Nashua,  and  scores  of  smaller  towns,  have 
flourishing  manufactures  :  indeed,  there  is  hardly  a  town  of 
any  considerable  size  which  has  not  more  or  less  manufac- 
turing industry.  Cotton  and  woollen  goods,  boots  and  shoes, 
machinery,  and  other  iron  and  metallic  wares,  are  the  lead- 
ing articles  of  manufacture;  but  paper,  carriages,  furniture, 
hosiery,  leather,  lumber,  wooden-ware,  and  a  very  large 
variety  of  other  goods,  are  extensively  made. 

Railroads,  which  in  1846  extended  92  miles,  in  1890 
measured  1147  miles.  The  cost  of  construction  was  remark- 
ably low  as  compared  with  that  of  most  of  the  railroads  of 
the  United  States.  Some  42  distinct  roads  have  beon  re- 
cently consolidated  into  5  systems, — the  Grand  Trunk,  the 
Connecticut  River,  the  Fitchburg,  the  Concord  &  Montreal, 
and  the  Boston  &  Maine.  Since  the  consolidation  the  facili- 
ties have  been  improved,  and  the  earnings  have  increased. 
Finances. — The  debt  of  New  Hampshire  in  1890  amounted 
to  $2,691,019.45,  consisting  mostly  of  trust  funds,  several 
series  of  state  bonds,  and  a  prison  loan,  and  principally 


■ 


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1968 


NEW 


b«arinii  an  interest  of  six  per  cent,  per  annum.  TU  assets 
Trere  $209,560.11,  umKing  its  net  debt  $2,48l,453..34.  In 
the  same  year  the  ctate  hnd  a  revenue,  principally  derived 
tnm  taxation,  of  Sl,:{65,420..'!9. 

Tk«  Counties  are  10  in  number, — vis.,  BcIItnnp,  Carroll, 
Cbesbire,  Coos,  Grafton,  Hillsborough,  Merrimack,  Kuok- 
ingham,  Stniflbrd,  and  Sullivun. 

The  principtil  towni  atid  citiei  are  Concord,  the  capi- 
tal (pop.  in  1890,  17,004),  Manchester  (44,126),  Nashua 
(19,311),  Dover  (12,790),  Portsmouth  (9827),  Keene  (7446), 
Rochester  (7396),  Somersworth  (6207),  Laconia  (6143), 
Claremont  (6565),  Exeter  (4284),  Franklin  (4085),  <ko. 
These  are  nearly  all  important  manufacturing  centre;). 

Government,  i&c, — Tho  governor  is  elected  annually  by 
the  people,  or,  if  a  majority  of  votes  is  not  obtained,  tho 
legishiture  makes  the  choice.  The  legislature  consists  of  a 
senate  of  12,  and  a  house  of  representatives  of  a  varying 
number  of  members,  also  chosen  annually.  The  officers  of 
the  judiciar/  are  ai)pointed  by  tho  governor  for  life.  Tho 
stale  sends  2  members  to  the  lower  house  of  Congress,  and 
has  4  electoral  votes.  Voters  must  have  lived  six  months 
in  the  town  where  they  vote. 

EUuc(tiion. — The  public  school  system  of  New  Hampshire 
fa  an  effective  one,  all  parts  of  tho  state,  except  tho  sparsely 
settled  districts,  having  e.\collent  free  schools.  Graded  and 
high  schools  are  maintained  in  many  of  the  towns.  There 
is  a  stale  normal  school  at  Plymouth.  There  is  a  stato 
board  of  education,  with  stato  and  local  superintendents 
and  county  supervisors.  The  number  of  academics,  semi- 
naries, and  parochial  and  other  private  schools  is  large. 
Hanover  is  tno  scat  of  Dartmouth  College,  with  its  afiiliated 
schools  of  science,  engineering,  medicine,  and  agriculture. 
Public  schools  are  in  tho  main  sustained  by  general  and 
local  taxation  and  by  the  income  of  certain  funds.  Com- 
pulsory education  is  provided  for  by  statute.  Among  the 
public  institutions  are  the  state  insane  asylum  and  the 
state  prison  at  Concord,  an  incorporated  orphanage  at 
Franklin,  a  state  reform  school  at  Manchester,  and  a  home 
for  disabled  soldiers  and  sailors  at  Tilton. 

HUtory. — New  Hampshire  was  a  portion  of  the  short- 
lived Laconia  province,  was  settled  at  Portsmouth  and 
Dover  in  1623,  came  at  several  times  under  the  jurisdic- 
tion of  Massachusetts,  was  for  80  years  the  scene  of  bloody 
Indian  wars,  and  after  1741  was,  without  interruption,  a 
royal  province  until  the  Revolution,  during  which  war  the 
New  Hampshire  troops  won  much  distinction.  This  state 
has  given  to  tho  nation  one  president,  Franklin  Pierce,  and 
was  the  birthplace  of  many  eminent  public  men,  among 
whom  were  Daniel  Webster,  Lewis  Cass,  Salmon  P.  Chase, 
and  Horace  Greeley.  During  tho  war  of  1861-65  the  state 
and  her  troops  bore  parts  of  honor  and  distinction. 

Population. — Tho  original  settlers  of  New  Hampshire 
were  of  English  descent,  with  a  large  admixture  of  the 
vigorous  and  enterprising  Scotch-Irish  stock,  from  which 
many  of  the  principal  New  Hampshire  families  trace  their 
descent;  but  of  late  there  has  been  much  emigration  to 
other  states,  and  this  emigration  has  been  only  in  part 
compensated  for  by  the  inflow  of  foreign  immigrants,  prin- 
cipally of  Irish,  French  Canadian,  and  Nova  Scotia  birth. 
Pop.  in  1790,  141,899;  in  1800,183,762;  in  1810,  214,360; 
in  1820,244,161;  in  1830,  269,328;  in  1840,284,574:  in 
1850,  317,976;  in  1860,  326,073;  in  1870,  318,300;  in  1880, 
346,991;  in  1890,  376,530. 

"  New  Hampshire,  a  post-village  of  Auglaize  co.,  0., 
about  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lima.     It  has  2  churches. 

New  Hamp'ton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Chickasaw 
00.,  Iowa,  on  the  N.  boundary  of  New  Ilampton  township, 
and  on  the  Iowa  &  Dakota  division  of  the  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee <t  St.  Paul  Railroad,  20  miles  E.  of  Charles  City. 
It  has  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  7  churches.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1314;  of  the  township,  2248. 

New  Hampton,  a  post-village  of  Belknap  co.,  N.H., 
in  New  Hampton  township,  near  the  Merrimac  River, 
about  30  miles  N.  of  Concord,  and  11  miles  N.W.  of  La- 
conia. It  contains  2  churches,  the  New  Ilampton  Literary 
and  Biblical  Institution,  and  a  manufactory  of  gloves. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1257.  The  N.  part  of  the  township 
is  traversed  by  the  Boston,  Concord  <t  Montreal  Railroad. 

New  Hampton,  a  post-village  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N. J., 
on  tho  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  and  on  the  main 
lino  of  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  <t  Western  Railroad,  17 
miles  E.  of  Easton. 

New  Hampton,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y., 
on  tho  Wallkill  River,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  3  miles 
S.E.  of  Middletown,  and  64  miles  N.N.W.  of  New  York.  It 
has  about  25  dwellings. 

New  Han'over,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  North  Caro- 


lina, is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and 
on  the  W.  by  the  Caj)e  Fear  River,  and  is  intorseclud  by 
the  Northeast  Branch  of  that  river.  The  surface  is  lovcl 
and  is  partly  occupied  by  swamps  and  forests  of  pine.  The 
soil  is  sandy,  and  produces  Indian  corn,  sweet  potatoes,  Ac. 
The  chief  articles  of  export  are  lumber,  tar,  and  turpcntin* 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Wilmington  A  WeUlon  Rnitioad,  the 
Wilmington,  Onslow  &  East  Carolina  Railroad,  and  other 
railroads.  The  Wilmington,  Columbia  &,  AugiisU  Railroad 
terminates  at  Wilmington,  the  capital  of  this  i;.,unty.  Area, 
90  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1870  (sime  which  time  its  area 
bus  been  reduced),  27,978 ;  in  1880,  21,370  ;  in  1890,  21,020. 

New  Hanover,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co..  Ill',  20 
miles  S.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  2  miles  from  Attica. 

New  Hanover,  a  township  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J. 
Pop.  2536.  It  contains  Cookstown,  Jacobstown,  Pointvlllej 
and  Wrightstown. 

New  Hanover,  a  post-hamlet  in  New  Hanover  town- 
ship, Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  about  22  miles  E.  by  S.  of 
Reading.  It  has  2  churches.  Tho  township  contains  Fag. 
leysville,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1900. 

New  Ilar'bor,  a  post-village  in  Bristol  township, 
Lincoln  co..  Me.,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  about  20  milei 
E.S.E.  of  Bath.  It  has  a  church,  and  is  mainly  supported 
by  fisheries. 

New  Har'bor,  a  fishing-village  in  the  dintrict  of  Bur- 
goo and  La  Poile,  Newfoundland,  at  the  entrance  to  Ren- 
contre  Bay,  42  miles  from  Harbor  Briton.     Pop.  127. 

New  Harbor,  a  post-village  in  Guysborough  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  25  miles  S.  of  Guysborough.     Pop.  160. 

New  Harbor,  a  fishing-village  on  Trinity  Bay,  New. 
foundland,  32  miles  S.S.W.  of  Heart's  Content.     Pop.  240. 

New  Ilar'mony,  a  post-village  of  Posey  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Harmony  township,  on  the  Wabash  River,  about  24  miloi 
W.N.W.  of  Evansville,  and  13  miles  N.  of  Mount  Vernon. 
In  1825,  Robert  Owen,  the  Socialist,  purchased  this  pluc* 
and  made  hero  an  unsuccessful  experiment  of  his  system. 
One  weekly  newspaper  is  published  here.  New  Harmony 
has  a  bank,  a  hign  school,  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
flour  and  whisky.     Pop.  in  1S90,  1 197. 

New  Harmony,  a  village  of  Pike  co..  Mo.,  5  miles  S. W. 
of  Curryville  Station,  and  about  30  miles  S.  of  Hannibal. 
It  has  1  or  2  churches. 

New  Harmony,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  co.,0.,  about 
30  miles  E.  of  Cincinnati.     It  has  1  or  2  churches. 

New  Harmony,  a  post-village  of  Kane  co.,  Utah, 
about  16  miles  N.  of  Toquerville.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Har'risburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wabash  co.,  Ind., 
about  32  miles  N.E.  of  Logansport.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
carriage-shop. 

New  Harrisburg,  a  post-village  in  Harrison  town- 
ship, Carroll  co.,  0.,  5  miles  S.  of  Malvern  Station.  Ik 
has  2  churches. 

New  Hart'ford,  or  North  End,  a  post-village  in 
New  Hartford  township,  Litchfield  co.,  Conn.,  on  Farming- 
ton  River,  and  on  the  Connecticut  Western  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Collinsville  Branch  of  the  New  Haven  4 
Northampton  Railroad,  20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Hartford.  It 
has  a  savings-bank,  a  hotel,  2  cotton-mills,  and,  including 
the  adjacent  village  of  Pine  Meadow,  itcontaius  6  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  towns-hip  in  1890,  3160. 

New  Hartford,  a  post-village  of  Pike  co..  111.,  7  miles 
S.W.  of  Pittsfield,  and  about  38  miles  S.E.  of  Quincy.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  masonic  hall.     Pop.  about  200. 

New  Hartford,  a  post-village  in  Beaver  township, 
Butler  CO.,  Iowa,  on  Beaver  Creek,  and  on  the  Dubuoue  Ai 
Sioux  City  Railroad,  10  miles  AV.  of  Cedar  Falls.  It  has  2 1 
churches,  a  gr.adod  school,  and  a  flour-mill. 

New  Hartford,  a  post-township  of  AVinona  co.,  Minn., 
on  or  near  the  Mississippi  River,  about  15  miles  S.E.  of 
AVinona.     Pop.  881. 

New  Hartford,  a  post-village  in  Hartford  townshij 
Pike  CO.,  Mo.,  11  miles  S.  of  Bowling  Green.  It  has  :; 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  plough-factory. 

New  Hartford,  a  post-village  in  New  Hartford  town- 
ship, Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Utiea  Branch  of  the  Mit* 
land  Railroad,  and  on  the  Utica,  Chenango  &  Susauch-inna 
Valley  Railroad,  4  miles  AV.S.AV.  of  Utica.  It  has  4 
churches,  2  cotton-factories,  a  flouring-mill,  and  manufac- 
tures of  knit  goods.     Pop.  743;  of  the  township,  43'J7. 

Newha'ven,  a  small  seaport  of  England,  co.  of  Sussex, 
on  the  Ouso,  at  its  mouth  in  the  English  Channel,  4  inilcn 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Lewes.  The  town  is  neatly  built,  and  has  a 
church,  a  drawbridge  across  the  Ouse,  a  small  fort,  and  a 
good  harbor.  It  exports  agricultural  produce,  and  imports 
coal  and  foreign  timber.     Pop.  of  parish  (1891),  ^'^•'•'• 

Newhaven,  a  village  of  Scotland,  2  miles  N.  of  EJm- 


NEW 


1969 


NEW 


irn-b,  and  connected  with  that  city  by  the  Northern  Rail- 
ay     It  has  a,  tidal  harbor,  on  the  Firth  of  Forth,  rebuilt 
,  1877,  at  a  cost  of  £10,000.     Pop.  4694. 
New  Ha'ven,  the  most  populous  county  of  Connccti- 
it   is  in  the  S.W.  part  of  the  staite.     Area,  619  square 
lies.    It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  Long  Island  Sound,  and 
1  the  S.W.  by  the  HouRatonic  River,  and  is  intersected  by 
le  Naugatuck  and  Quinepiac  Rivers.     It  has  several  good 
irbors.    The  surface  is  partly  hilly,  and  is  extensively 
ivercd  with  forests  of  the  elm,  hickory,  ouk,  &c.    The  soil 
('cnerally  fertile.     Hay,  butter,  potatoes,  Indian  corn, 
ul  oats  are  the  staple  products.     Among  its  mineral^  is 
;rd-antique  marble,  a  mi.\turo  of  ser|)entine  and  Ijhie- 
one.    A  mine  of  barytes  has  been  opened  in  this  county, 
liich  has   extensive   manufactures   of  hardware,   plated 
lie,  carriages,  cutlery,  <fec.     This  county  is  intersected 
'  the  New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford  Railroad,  the 
ousatonic  Railroad,  the  Meridcn,  Waterbury  &  Connec- 
•ut  Railroad,  the  New  York  &  New  England  Railroad, 
ul  other  lines.      Capital,   New  Haven.      Pop.  in   1870, 
:l,2a7;  in  1880,  156,523;  in  1890,  209,058. 
iNew  Haven,  a  city  and  port  of  entry,  the  county 
|at  of  New  Haven  co..  Conn.,  and  the  largest  and  most 
kpulous  city  of  the  state,  is  situated  at  the  head  of  New 
aven  Harbor,  4  miles  above  its  entrance  into  Long  Island 
luud,  and  on  the  New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford  Rail- 
ad,  74  miles  E.N.E.  of  New  York,  and  36  miles  W.S.W. 
Hartford,  the  state  capital.     Lat.  41°  18'  23"  N. ;  Ion. 
°  56'  30"  W.     New  Haven  stands  upon  a  plain  which  is 
■losed  landward  by  an  amphitheatre  of  hills,  of  which 
0,  called  East  Rock  and  West  Rook,  rise  from  300  to  400 
il  in  rugged,  perpendicular  precipices,  producing  a  very 
|cturesque  effect.     Three  small  streams,  the  Quinepiac  on 
fe  E.,  with  Mill  River,  its  affluent,  and  the  West  River  on 
{e  W.,  intersect  this  plain  and  fall  into  the  harbor.     The 
j-eets  of  New  Haven   are  wide,  and   generally   skirted 
ith  mnjestic  elms,  for  which  this  city  is  noted,  the  dwell- 
(»s  being  generally  built  in  separate  plots.     There  are 
'large  natural  parks  on  the  outskirts,  besides  more  than 
suiiiller  parks  scattered  through  the  city,  among  them 
,ng  the  well-known   East  Rock   Park,   with   its  drive- 
ys  to  the  top,  and  West  Rock  Park,  with  the  famous 
dges'  Cave,  which  was  the  place  of  concealment  of  the 
(jicides  Whalley  and  Gotfe,  it  having  also  a  drive-way 
'  the  top.      On  the  E.  side  of  the  city  are   also  Fort 
loster  Park,  on  the  hills  overlooking  the  city,  and  Fort 
le  Park,  along  the  shore  of  the  harbor.     Under  a  town 
;anization,  consisting  of  15  wards,  the  voters  elect  7 
ectmen,  a  town  clerk,  a  registrar  of  vital  statistics,  a 
asurer  and  collector  of  taxes,  a  board  of  education,  &a., 
ile  under  a  city  charter  there  are  12  wards,  and  the  citi- 
18  elect  a  mayor,  a  city  clerk,  a  treasurer  and  collector  of 
es,  Ac,  a  board  of  aldermen  (2  from  each  ward),  and  a 
'•f  council  (3  from  each  ward).     The  mayor,  aldermen, 
il  council  select  certain  administrative  boards  and  sub- 
inate  ofEcers.     The  schools  of  New  Haven,  both  public 
i  private,  are  of  a  high  order  of  excellence.     Conspicu- 
<   among  these  is  the  Hopkins  Grammar-School,  founded 

!1660.  New  Haven  is  also  the  seat  of  Yale  University, 
rtered  by  the  colonial  general  assembly  of  Connecticut 
!1701,  and  which  from  the  outset  has  stood  in  the  fore- 
it  rank  among  the  educational  institutions  of  this  coun- 
Besides  the  numerous  buildings  belonging  to  the 
«|ver6ity  (the  finest  of  which  are  Winchester  Ilall,  Chit- 
tlen  Library,  Osborn  Hall,  the  Gymnasium,  and  Peabody 
Jseum),  and  more  than  30  public  school  buildings,  New 
yen  has  a  United  States  building  of  Portland  stone,  in 
*oh  the  custom-house,  post-office,  and  the  United  States 
cjrts  are  located;  a  city  hall  and  a  county  court-house,  a 
f  public  library,  2  hospitals,  2  orphan  asylums,  an  alms- 
t'se,  Ac,  and  some  65  churches.  It  has  also  9  regular 
tiks,  a  trust  company  doing  a  general  banking  business, 
Yvingsbanks,  an  insurance  company,  <fec.  There  are  7 
Ojy,  1  semi-weekly,  and  11  weekly  papers,  and  1  quarterly 
"j  2  monthly  magazines  published  here.  New  Haven  has 
Wtmple  supply  of  good  water,  is  well  lighted  with  gas  and 
*!tricity,  and  has  a  model  sewer  system.  It  also  has  an 
e.insive  system  of  street  railways.  As  a  business  centre 
iplds  no  mean  rank,  having  a  large  inland  and  coastwise 
cjmerce,  besides  a  considerable  foreign  trade,  carried  on 
bii  direct  and  through  New  York.  The  exports  of  New 
I'.en  during  1890  aggregated  $1,626,225.  During  the 
>";•  1892  the  foreign  imports  amounted  to  $489,796,  in- 
*:ing  perfumery,  tin-plate,  corset-trimmings,  carriage- 
'i|  mingj,  iron  and  steel,  rags,  <fec.,  and  the  duties  collected 
wj>  $116,032.22.  Its  manufacturing  interests  are  exten- 
i  there  are  1042  establishments,  employing  a  capital 


of  $16,826,635,  and  producing  a  great  variety  of  articles, 
as  corsets,  carriages,  clocks,  fire-arms,  hardware,  cutlery, 
india-rubber  and  gutta-percha  goods,  musical  instruments, 
Ac,  and  a  vast  number  of  iron  and  steel  products.  New 
Haven  is  the  centre  of  an  extensive  railroad  system,  con- 
sisting of  the  New  York,  New  Haven  A  Hartford,  llousa- 
tonic.  New  Haven  A  Northampton,  Providence  A  Worcester, 
and  other  railroads,  being  the  second  largest  and  best 
equipped  system  in  New  England.  There  are  also  two 
steamboat  lines  between  here  and  New  York. 

New  Haven  was  first  settled  in  1638  by  a  company  from 
London,  led  by  Rev.  John  Davenport  and  Theophilus 
Eaton.'  It  constituted  an  independent  colony  until  1662, 
when  it  united  with  the  Connecticut  Colony.  It  was  semi- 
capital  of  the  colony  and  subsequently  of  the  state  until 
1873,  when  Hartford  was  made  the  sole  capital.  New 
Haven  was  chartered  as  a  city  in  1784.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship in  1830,  10,078;  in  1840,  14,390;  in  1850,  22,529,  of 
whom  20,341  resided  within  the  city;  in  1860  (the  town- 
ship and  city  having  been  made  coextensive),  39,267 ;  in 
1870,  60,840;  in  1880,  62,882;  in  1890,  of  the  city  proper, 
81,298;  of  the  township,  including  the  city,  86,045. 

New  Haven,  a  post-village  of  Gallatin  co..  III.,  on  the 
Little  Wabash  River,  2  or  3  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  about 

1 5  miles  N.  of  Shawneetown.  It  has  2  churches,  2  flouring- 
mills,  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  336. 

New  Haven,  a  post-village  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.,  in  Adams 
township,  on  the  Wabash  A  Erie  Canal,  and  on  the  Wabash 
Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Fort  Wayne,  and  about  1  mile  S.  of 
the  Maumee  River.  It  has  a  newspaper  oBice,  4  churches, 
and  2  flouring-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  1079. 

New  Haven,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mitchell  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Douglas  township,  8i  miles  E.  of  Osage.  It  has  a  church, 
a  cheese-factory,  and  a  grist-mill. 

New  Haven,  a  post-village  of  Nelson  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
South  Fork  of  Salt  River,  and  on  the  Louisville  A  Nashville 
Railroad  (Knoxville  branch),  45  miles  S.  of  Louisville.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  banking-house,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  389. 

New  Haven,  township,  Gratiot  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  1394. 

New  Haven,  a  post-village  in  Lenox  township,  Macomb 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  35  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Detroit.  It  has  a  union  school,  3  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  carriages,  flour,  and  lumber.  It  is  sometimes 
called  New  Baltimore  Station.     Pop.  in  1890,  606. 

New  Haven,  a  township  of  Shiawassee  c».,  Mich. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1752. 

New  Haven,  township,  Olmsted  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  716. 

New  Haven,  a  post-village  in  New  Haven  township, 
Franklin  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  Mis- 
souri Pacific  Railroad,  67  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  a 
church,  a  hotel,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  steamboat-landing.  The 
name  of  the  station  is  Miller's  Landing.    Pop.  in  1890,  767. 

New  Haven,  a  post-village  in  New  Haven  township, 
Oswego  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Rome,  Watertown  A  Ogdensburg 
Railroad,  11  miles  E.  of  Oswego,  and  2  or  3  miles  S.  of 
Lake  Ontario.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  about 
50  houses.     Pop.  in  1890,  1557. 

New  Haven,  a  post-village  in  Crosby  township,  Ham- 
ilton CO.,  0.,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Harrison,  and  about  20  miles 
N.W.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  2  churches  and  2  wagon-shops. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Preston. 

New  Haven,  a  post-village  in  New  Haven  township, 
Huron  co.,  0.,  on  the  Huron  River,  32  miles  by  rail  S.  of 
Sandusky,  and  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mansfield.  Pop.  about 
500  ;  of  the  township,  2274. 

New  Haven,  a  post-borough  of  Fayette  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  W.  bank  of  the  Youghiogheny  River,  and  on  the  South- 
west Pennsylvania  and  Pittsburg,  Washington  &  Baltimore 
Railroads,  about  I  mile  W.  of  Connellsville,  and  56  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a  church,  a  flouring-mill,  and 
a  manufactory  of  locomotives.     Pop.  in  1890,  1221. 

New  Haven,  a  post-village  in  New  Haven  township, 
Addison  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  27  miles 
S.  of  Burlington,  and  about  5  miles  S.E.  of  Vergennes.  It 
has  a  church  and  an  academy.  A  marble-quarry  has  been 
opened  near  this  place.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1224. 

New  Haven,  a  post-village  of  Mason  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Ohio  River,  4  miles  from  Pomeroy,  0.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  graded  school,  coal-mines,  salt-works,  and  a 
steam  flouring-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  595. 

New  Haven,  a  post-township  of  Adams  co.,AVi8.,  about 

16  miles  N.W.  of  Portage  City.  It  contains  a  hamlet  named 
Big  Spring.     Pop.  in  1890.  746. 

New  Haven  Centre,  a  post  office  of  Gratiot  co., 
Mich.,  about  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lansing. 

New  Haven  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Addison  co.,  Vt., 
on  New  Haven  River,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Middlebury. 


NEW 


1970 


NEW 


New  Heb'rideS)  an  island  gronp  In  the  Pnclflo  Ooonn, 
between  lat.  14°  and  20°  S.  and  Ion.  lG3°and  17U°  E.,  and 
having  New  Caledonia  on  the  S.  and  the  Fuejco  Islands  on 
the  K.  The  principal  islands  are  Ambriui,  Annntoin,  Au- 
rora, Erroiniingo,  MulliooUo,  and  Tanna.  The  natives  aro 
of  the  Papuan  race. 

Now  Ilc'bron,  a  post-villago  of  Crawford  co.,  III.,  4 
miles  6.  of  Robinson,  and  about  2G  miloa  N.E.  of  Olney. 
It  has  2  churches. 

New  Ilcl'uiia,  a  post-oflico  of  Custer  co.,  Neb. 

New  Helvetia.    See  Nukva  IIklvktia. 

New  lletnp'stendt  a  station  of  the  New  Jersey  & 
New  York  Railroad,  in  Uainapo  township,  Kuokland  co., 
N.Y.,  34  miles  by  rail  from  New  York. 

New  Hill,  a  post-villago  and  stivtion  of  Wake  co.,  N.C., 
on  the  Rulcigh  &  Augusta  Air-Line  Uailro:ul,  20  miles  S.W. 
of  Raleigh.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 

New  Holland,  a  former  name  of  Aikstralia. 

New  Hol'landf  a  post-hamlet  of  Logan  co.,  III.,  on 
the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  &  Western  Railroad,  12 
miles  W.  of  Lincoln.   It  has  a  church  and  a  steam  elevator. 

New  Ilollnnd,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waba.sh  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Salamunie  Kiver,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Wabash.  It  has  a 
tannery  and  a  saw-mill. 

New  Holland,  a  post-hamlct  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Chicago  &  West  Michigan  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Hol- 
land. 

New  Holland,  a  post-village  in  Perry  township,  Pick- 
away CO.,  0.,  on  the  Cincinnati  &  Aluskinguin  Valley  Rail- 
road, 87  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati,  and  17  miles  W.  by  S. 
of  Circleville.  It  has  a  bank,  3  churches,  and  a  graded 
Bchool.     Pop.  about  600. 

New  Holland,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  East  Brandywine  <t  Waj-ncsburg  Railroad,  10  miles  W. 
of  Waynosburg,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Reading,  and  50  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  4  churcheii,  a  newspaper 
office,  manufactures  of  coaches,  <tc.     Pop,  in  1890,  1060. 

New  Hol'liday,  a  station  of  Monroe  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri,  Kansas  <fc  Texas  Railroad,  7  miles  W,  of  Paris. 

New  Holstein,  hol'stinc,  a  post-village  in  New  llol- 
Btein  township,  Calumet  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Wisconsin  Central 
Railroad,  72  miles  N.  of  Milwaukee.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
grist-mill,  a  masonic  lodge,  <fec.    Pop.  of  the  township,  1905. 

New  Home,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bates  co.,  Mo.,  in  Now 
Home  township,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Plcasanton,  Kansas. 
Good  coal  abounds  here. 

New  Home,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pawnee  co..  Neb.,  10 
miles  S.  of  Tecumseh.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Hope,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Ala.,  about 
20  miles  S.E.  of  lluntsville.  It  has  2  churches  and  an 
academy.     Pop.  about  250. 

New  Hope,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co..  Ark.,  12  miles 
N.W.  of  Murfreesborough. 

New  Hope,  a  post-hamlet  of  San  Joaquin  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Mokelumne  River,  7i  miles  S.E.  of  Gait.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  store. 

New  Hope,  a  post-hamlet  of  Paulding  co.,  Ga.,  5  miles 
N.  of  Dallas.  A  battle  was  fought  here  in  May,  1864,  be- 
tween Generals  Sherman  and  Johnston. 

New  Hope,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  299. 

New  Hope,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nelson  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Kno.wille  Branch  llailroad,  50  miles  S.  of  Louisville. 

New  Hope,  a  hamlet  of  Caroline  co.,  Md.,  4  miles 
from  Federalsburg. 

New  Hope,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yalabusha  co.,  Miss.,  9 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Cofieeville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  mill. 

New  Hope,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co..  Mo.,  about 
(2  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Louis,  and  6  miles  from  the  Missis- 
•ippi  River.    It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy.  Pop.  186. 

New  Hope,  a  post-village  in  Niles  township,  Cayuga 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  18  miles  S.E.  of  Auburn.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  grist-mill. 

New  Hope,  township,  Chatham  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1760. 

New  Hope,  a  post-office  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C,  15  miles 
N.N.W.  of  States ville.     Pop.  of  New  Hope  township,  871. 

New  Hope,  township,  Perquimans  co.,  N.C.    P.  1933. 

New  Hope,  township,  Randolph  co.,  N.C.     Pop,  1095. 

New  Hope,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  N.C.  Pop.  1520. 

New  Hope,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  co.,  0.,  in  Scott 
township,  38  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  woollen-mill.     Pop.  145.    See  also  UrsHon. 

New  Hope,  a  post-borough  in  Solobury  township, 
Bucks  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Delaware,  15  miles  above  Trenton, 
and  32  miles  N.N.E.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  cotton-factory,  2  flouring-raills,  a  coach-fivotory,  an  iron- 
foundry,  and  a  manufactory  of  farming-implements.  Pop. 
1225.    A  bridge  connects  it  with  Lambertville,  N.  J. 


It  has  a  church.    P 


New  Hope  (Borard  Post-Offlce),  a  hamlet  of  Bu 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  Slippery  Rock  Creek,  and  on  llio  Sbonarp 
Alleghiiny  Railroad,  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mercer.    Il  biL 
flouriiig-inill. 

New  Hope,  township,  Orangeburg  co.,  S.C.    Pop.  J 

New  Hope,  a  post-office  of  Hawkins  co.,  Tenn. 

New  Hope,  a  station  of  the  Potomac,  Frcdoricktb 
&  Piedmont  Railroad,  18  miles  E.  of  Orange  Station,  V 

New  Hope,  a  post-village  of  Augusta  co.,  V«.,'abk 
13  miles  K.  of  Staunton.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Hope,  a  post-hamlct  of  Mercer  co,,  W.  Va. 
miles  S.W.  of  Hinton.     It  has  a  church.  ' 

New  Hope,  n  post-hamlet  of  Portage  eo.,  Wig.,  i 
New  Hope  township,  5  miles  N.  of  Amherst  Station,  J  | 
about  54  miles  N.W.  of  Oahkosh.     "  '  "     ' 

of  the  township,  1037. 

New  Hope,  Ontario.    See  Hkspkler 

New  Hope  Academy,  post-office,  Randolph  oo., nL 

New  Hope  Chnrcli,  a  post-office  of  Orange  oo.,  V 

New  Hope  Station,  a  post-office  of  Preble  oo., , 
on  the  Cincinnati,  Richmond  A  Chicago  Railroad,  4  in)  I 
N.W.  of  Kiiton.  ' 

New  Hor'ton,  a  seaport  of  New  Brunswick,  eo. 
Albert,  on  Cumberland  Basin,  84  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Jo 
Lat.  45°  40'  N.     Pop.  150. 

New  Ilonsc,  a  post-office  of  Cleveland  eo.,  N.C. 

New  Ilud'son,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oakland  co.,  Mii 
32  miles  W.N.W.  of  Detroit.     It  has  2  churches.    P.  15 

New  Hudson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co.,  N. 
in  New  Hudson  township,  on  the  Genesee  Valley  Canal,! 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Belmont.     Pop.  of  township,  1148. 

New  Hudson  Corners,  N.Y.    Sec  Black  Cheek 

New  Hur'ley,  a  post-village  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  nr 
the  Wallkill  Valley  Railroad,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Newbu 
New  Hurley  Station  is  24  miles  S.S.W.  of  Kingston. 

New  Hyde  Park,  a  post-village  of  Queens  co.,  N. 
on  the  Long  Island  Railr<ia<l,  17  miles  E.  of  New  York 
has  a  manufactory  of  silk  ribbons. 

New  Ibe'ria,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Iberia  pari 
La.,  is  on  the  navigable  Bayou  Teche,  about  1(10  miles  i 
direct  line  W.  of  New  Orleans,  and  12  miles  from  Vennil 
Bay.  It  has  a  Catholic  college,  a  convent,  2  ncwspa 
offices,  6  churches,  3  saw-mills,  a  foundry,  ami  mnnul 
tures  of  sash  and  blinds.  Cotton  and  sugar  are  sliip|l 
here.     Pop.  in  1890,  3447. 

New  Idria,  id're-a,  a  post-village  of  Fresno  co.,  0 
about  120  miles  (direct)  S.E.  of  San  Francisco,  It  ha|i 
rich  mine  of  cinnabar  (quicksilver),  also  a  church 

New'ington,  a  southern  suburb  of  London,  Engia 
in  Surrcv,  and  in  the  borough  of  Lambeth.  Pop< 
parish,  88,722. 

Newington,  a  large  southern  suburb  of  Edinbur 
Scotland 

New'ington,  or  Newington  Centre,  a  post-rilhi 
in  Newington  township,  Hartford  co..  Conn.,  6  miles  S. 
W.  of  Hartford.     The   township   contains  2  churche.'' 
paper-mill,  and  2  large  brick-yards,  also  another  villa 
named  Newington  Junction. 

Newington,  a  post-township  of  Rockingham  co.,  V. , 
is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Piscataqua,  and  on  the 
by  Great  Bay.    Pop.  414.    Newington  Station  on  the  Poi 
mouth  &  Dover  Railroad  is  4  miles  N.W.  of  Portsmoutl 

Newington  Junction,  a  post-villago  in  Newing 
township,  Hartford  co..  Conn.,  on  the  Hartford,  Provide: 
<k  Fishkill  and  New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford  Rj 
roads,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Hartford. 

New  In'tcrest,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  IT.  \ 

New  Ips'wich,  a  post-village  in  New  Ipswich  tor 
ship,  Hillsborough  co.,  N.H.,  3  miles  from  Greenville  S 
tion,  and  about  20  miles  W.  of  Nashua.  It  has  3  churcl: 
an  academy,  a  money-order  post-office,  a  savings-bank,  n 
manufactures  of  machinery,  chairs,  cigars,  &c.  Pop.  of  n 
township,  1380. 

NcAV  Ire'land,  an  island  in  the  South  Pacific,  form! 
the  N.E.  side  of  St.  George's  Channel,  between  lat.  2° 
and  5°  2'  S.,  Ion.  150°  30'  and  152°  50'  E.    It  is  about ' 
miles  long,  by  about  20  miles  in  average  brc.ulth. 

New  Ireland,  a  post-office  of  Newton  co.,  Miss. 

New  Jas'per,  a  post-hamlct  of  (Jreene  co.,  0.,  in  N 
Jasper  township,  1  mile  from  the  Dayton  &  Southeasti 
Railroad,  and  about  22  miles  E.S.E.  of  Dayton.  It  ha« 
church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1084. 

New  Jefferson,  Greene  co.,  Iowa.    See  Jeffeusos 

NewJef  " 
Harrison  co.,  U.,  in  Herman  township 
Junction.     It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  wag( 
shop.     Pop.  about  300.    Here  is  Germane  Post-Office 


f'ferson,  or  Gcrmnno,  a  post-village 
i.,  0.,  in  German  township,  4  miles  N.  of  C* 


NEW 


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NEW 


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New  Jersey,  j^r'zee,  one  of  the  Atlantic  states  of  the 
American  Union,  bounded  N.  and  N.E.  by  New  York,  E.  by 
Kcw  York  and  tlio  Atlantic,  S.  by  tlie  Atlantic  and  Dela- 
ware liay,  and  W.  by  Delaware  and  Pennsylvania.  From 
Kcw  York  it  is  divided,  in  part,  by  the  Hudson  Hirer,  New 
Y'ork  Bay,  the  Kill  van  Kull,  Staten  Island  Sound,  and 
Karitan  Day;  and  the  Delaware  River  and  Bay  wash  its 
entire  western  border.  It  extends  167  miles  northwardly 
from  lat.  38°  50'  to  41°  21'  N.,  and  its  extreme  E.  and  W. 
points  are  respectively  in  W.  Ion,  73°  64'  and  75°  33'. 
Area,  "815  square  miles. 

Face  of  the  Country. — In  the  N.W.  the  Blue  and  Shaw- 
ani'unk  or  Highland  ranges  of  mountains,  with  the  inter- 
:  mediate  and  highly-fertile  Kittatinny  Valley,  traverse  the 
!  state,  the  last-mentioned  range  consisting  of  several  minor 
I  parallel  ridges.  These  mountains  never  exceed  1800  feet 
in  altitude.  Southeastward  lies  a  wide  plateau,  broken  by 
low  ridges  (called  mountains)  continuous  with  the  Palisade 
traps  of  the  Hudson  River.  The  remaining  three-fifths 
jof  the  state,  lying  southeastward  from  a  line  running  from 
llrenton  to  Raritan  Bay,  is  a  very  level  tract,  the  Iligh- 
'lands  or  Ncversink  Hills  being  the  principal  elevations. 
JIuch  of  the  southern  part  of  New  Jersey  is  very  sandy, 
and  is  partly  covered  by  pine  forests. 

(jcolocjij.  Minerals,  ci-c. — In  the  N.W.  the  Silurian  and 
Devonian  formations  prevail,  and  among  their  economic  re- 
;Bourec3  are  abundant  and  excellent  roofing-slates  and 
Ibuilding-  and  flag-stones,  including  magncsian  limestone, 
juseJ  by  both  the  lime-burner  and  the  stone-cutter.  Rich 
ihematitcs  arc  also  abundant  here.  TheShawangunk  Moun- 
•tains  arc  generally  of  stratified  azoic  rocks,  and  afford  zinc 
[ores,  Franklinite,  gneiss,  and  abundant  magnetic  iron  ores. 
iSoullicastward  of  the  Highlands  comes  a  triassic  plateau, 
ittiuch  broken  by  trap  dikes,  and  affording  copper  ores,  red 
sandstone  for  building-uses,  <fec.  P.issing  southeastward, 
jffo  next  encounter  a  belt  of  the  cretaceous,  which,  like  the 
ipreccding  formations,  extends  from  N.H.  to  S.W.  across  the 
state.  It  affords  the  valuable  greensand  marl,  much  em- 
ployed as  a  fertilizer,  and  its  bods  of  moulding-sand,  fire- 
flay,  and  fictile  clays  are  highly  important.  A  line  drawn 
Irom  Salem  to  Long  Branch  would  somewhat  roughly  define 

IbeS.E.  border  of  the  cretaceous.  The  remainder  of  the  state 
s  regarded  as  mainly  of  the  tertiary  and  quaternary  times, 
nd  its  useful  minerals  are  peat,  bog  iron  ore,  and  glass- 
and.  The  Amboy  cretaceous  clay  is  highly  prized  for 
laking  gas-retorts  and  fire-brick,  and  the  New  Jersey 
ranklinite  is  employed  in  making  Bessemer  steel  and  zinc. 
Jticers,  Coast-Line,  Navii/ation,  &c. — Besides  the  Hudson 
nd  Delaware,  the  principal  streams  are  the  Wallkill,  Hack- 
asaek,  Passaic,  Raritan,  Navasink,  Shark,  Manasquan,  Me- 
;dceonk,  Toms,  Little  Egg  Harbor,  Great  Egg  Harbor, 
taurice,  Cohansey,  Rancocas,  Millstone,  Musconetcong, 
id  Pauiinskill  Rivers.  Of  these  a  number  in  the  lower 
irt  of  the  state  are  navigable  tidal  streams,  which,  with 
10  "thoroughfares,"  or  navigable  channels  in  the  salt- 
arshes,  afford  considerable  extent  of  inland  navigation. 
his  is  increased  by  the  canals  of  the  state,  of  which  the 
lief  are  the  Morris  Canal,  101  miles  long,  from  Jersey 
ty  to  Phillipsburg,  and  the  Delaware  &  Raritan,  cxtend- 
g  43  miles,  exclusive  of  feeders,  from  Trenton  to  New 
■unswiok.  The  latter  canal  is  a  channel  of  steamboat 
mmunication  between  New  Y'ork  and  Philadelphia.  Along 
e  eastern  coast  there  is  a  series  of  bays  and  sounds  fenced 
)m  the  open  sea  by  long  spits  of  sand,  broken  by  inlets, 
lough  some  of  which  small  vessels  can  pass.  Among 
ese  are  the  Shark  River,  Wreck  Pond,  Manasquan,  Bar- 
gat,  Egg  Harbor,  New,  Corson's,  Townsend's,  Hereford, 
i.rtle  Gut,  and  Cold  Spring  Inlets.  There  is  a  small  for- 
Ijn  and  a  large  coasting  trade.  Newark,  Perth  Amboy, 
ileat  Egg  Harbor,  Tuckerton,  Bridgoton,  and  Lumberton 
p  ports  of  entry  ;  and  Jersey  City,  Elizabeth,  New  Bruns- 
pk,  Trenton,  Burlington,  Camden,  and  other  towns  have 
large  share  of  the  general  commerce.  Jersey  City,  in 
.•ticular,  handles  great  amounts  of  freight,  which  is  re- 
,  nod  as  belonging  to  the  commerce  of  New  York.  Con- 
.crable  ship-building  is  carried  on.  The  fisheries  of  the 
to  include  deep-sea-fishing,  the  oyster-trade,  the  taking 
:8had,  bass,  sturgeon,  Ac,  in  the  rivers,  and  the  capture 
menhaden  and  other  fish  for  oil  and  fish  guano.  The 
to  has  of  late  done  much  for  the  furthering  of  the  fresh- 
-er  fisheries,  and  the  Delaware  has  been  very  successfully 
I  ;ked  with  black  bass.  Small  menhaden  are  packed  in 
',  in  this  state,  and  sold  for  sardines.  The  anchovy 
I  unds  in  the  waters  of  New  Jersey,  and  might  be  largely 
'en.  The  bhiefish,  sheepshead,  and  Spanish  mackerel 
'.  highly-prized  food-fishes,  here  extensively  caught. 
Vaee*  o/  Interest   to    Tourists. — Among   these   are  the 


Delaware  Water  Gap,  Passaic  Falls,  at  Paterson,  Lakes 
Hopatcong  and  Greenwood,  the  sea-bathing  resorts  at  Cape 
May,  Atlantic  City,  Long  Branch,  Deal,  Manasquan,  Bar- 
negat,  Tuckerton,  and  other  places  on  the  cuasl,  and  the 
mineral  spring  at  Schooley's  Mountain. 

The  Agriculture  of  New  Jersey  constitutes  a  very  im- 
portant interest.  The  fertility  and  easy  tilth  of  its  soil, 
and  the  proximity  of  the  markets  of  New  Y'ork  and  Phila- 
delphia, have  greatly  stimulated  agriculture.  The  Kitta- 
tinny Valley,  and  the  triassic  and  cretaceous  belts  of  the 
state,  are  among  the  finest  agricultural  lands  in  the  world.; 
and  the  light  sandy  tertiary  soils,  when  dressed  judiciously 
with  the  greensand  marl,  or  with  sea-manures,  have  in 
many  instances  been  cultivated  with  fine  results.  The 
pine  region  in  the  S.  has  been  found  well  adapted  to  the 
raising  of  grapes  and  small  fruits  for  market.  Market- 
gardening,  truck-farming,  and  commercial  floriculture  are 
extensively  carried  on  near  New  York  and  Philadel[>hia. 
More  than  $3,000,000  worth  of  cranberries  are  sometimes 
produced  in  a  year,  chiefly  in  the  marsh  region  near  the 
coast.  Apples,  cider,  pears,  peaches,  blackberries,  raspber- 
ries, and  strawberries  are  important  products.  Sweet  and 
other  potatoes,  the  cereal  grains,  and  hay,  valued  in  the 
aggregate  at  about  $25,000,000,  are  annually  produced  ;  and 
the  live-stock  is  reported  to  be  worth  about  $30,000,000. 
The  sales  of  milk,  butter,  wool,  hops,  tobacco,  grass-,  clover-, 
garden-,  and  flower-seeds,  and  nursery  trees  and  plants,  are 
of  large  aggregate  value. 

Manufactures. — New  Jersey,  favored  by  her  easy  commu- 
nication with  the  Pennsylvania  coal  region  and  the  great 
markets  of  the  North,  and  by  the  amplitude  of  her  water- 
power,  has  become  one  of  the  leading  states  in  the  Union 
in  her  manufactures.  Boots,  shoes,  bread,  bricks,  cars,  car- 
riages, carpets,  chemicals,  clothing,  cotton  goods,  fire-brick, 
flour,  glass,  hardware,  hats,  india-rubber  goods,  iron,  jewelry, 
leather,  leathern  goods,  lumber,  machinery,  morocco,  paints, 
printed  goods,  pottery,  silks,  steel,  saddlery,  soap,  tiles, 
tinware,  trunks,  and  woollen  goods  are  among  the  leading 
articles  of  manufacture.  The  state  holds  the  first  rank  in 
the  manufacture  of  silk  goods  and  trunks,  and  has  become 
noted  for  its  pottery  and  crockery. 

liailroads. — Since  1830,  when  14  miles  of  the  Camden  & 
Amboy  road  were  in  operation,  there  has  been  a  great  ex- 
tension of  the  railroad  interest,  although  that  corporation- 
bad  a  depressing  and  injurious  monopoly  until  1873,  when 
a  free  railroad  law  was  passed.  In  1850  there  were  318 
miles  of  railroad;  in  1855,  466  miles;  in  1860,  560  miles; 
in  1865,  864  miles;  in  1870,  1125  miles;  in  1875,  1511 
miles;  in  1880,  1084  miles;  in  1885,  1896  miles;  and  in 
1890,  2063  miles. 

Finances. — In  1890  the  bonded  state  debt  was  reduced  to 
$1,096,300,  and  the  floating  debt  of  $400,000  to  $30(1,000. 
The  receipts  to  the  sinking  fund  were  $166,418.03,  and 
payments  therefrom,  including  $100,000  of  the  principal  of 
the  state  debt  paid,  were  $170,726.09.  The  total  value  of 
the  sinking  fund  was  $553,107.76.  The  actual  revenue  for 
the  year  was  $1,794,698.14,  and  the  disbursements  were 
$1,002,933.75.  Among  the  public  inxtitutions  are  the  luna- 
tic asylums  at  Trenton  and  Morristown,  the  st»te  prison  at 
Trenton,  the  reform  schools  at  Jamesburg  and  Trenton,  and 
the  soldiers'  home  at  Newark. 

Education  is  provided  for  by  general  and  local  taxes,  by 
the  income  of  a  permanent  school  fund,  and  by  the  sales 
and  rentals  of  certain  riparian  lands  belonging  to  the  state. 
There  is  a  state  board  of  education,  as  well  as  state,  county, 
and  city  superintendents.  At  Trenton  there  is  a  state  nor- 
mal and  model  .sichool,  and  a  preparatory  training-school  at 
Beverly,  besides  several  city  normal  or  teachers'  schools. 
Graded  schools  are  sustained  in  the  more  populous  districts. 
Princeton  is  the  seat  of  the  College  of  New  Jersey  (Pres- 
byterian), and  of  affiliated  theological  and  scientific  school  j ; 
at  New  Brunswick  is  Rutgers  College  (Reformed),  with  a 
scientific  and  a  theological  seminary,  also  the  state  agri- 
cultural college,;  Seton  Hall,  at  South  Orange,  is  a  Roman 
Catholic  college;  and  Burlington  College  is  an  Episcopalian 
institution.  There  is  a  Methodist  theological  seminary  at 
Madison,  and  a  German  Presbyterian  divinity  school  at 
Bloom  field.  Iloboken  is  the  seat  of  the  Stevens  Institute 
of  Technology,  and  the  state  has  numerous  parish  and  pri- 
vate schools,  many  of  them  of  high  character. 

The  counties  number  21,  as  follows:  Atlantic,  Bergen, 
Burlington,  Camden,  Cape  May,  Cumberland,  Essex,  Glou- 
cester, Hudson,  Hunterdon,  Mercer,  Middlesex,  Monmouth, 
Morris,  Ocean,  Passaic,  Salem,  Somerset,  Sussex,  Union, 
and  Warren. 

The  principal  cities  and  loions  are  Trenton,  the  capital 
(pop.  in  1890,  57,458),  Newark,  the  most  populous  town 


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(181,830),  Jersey  City  (16.1,(103),  PuterKon  (78, .MT).  Ciim- 
don  (5S,313),  Hoboken  (4:<,f.-IS).  Klizal.cth  (37,704),  Ha- 
yonne  (1»,03»),  Orsn^n  (18,844),  Now  Hrunswiek  ( t8,fl03), 
Allttiitio  City  ( 13,0 J6),  Pnminio  (13,0'.'8),  Hrid),'fton  (11,424), 
l'laiunul(l(ll,207),Union(IO,643),  Millville  (10,002),  Pert li 
Auibuy  (»dl2),  Phillipsburg  (8044),  Harrison  (8338),  Mor- 
ri»lown  (8150),  Burlington  (7204),  Long  Brnnch  (7231), 
Bahway  (7106),  Ulouoester  (0504),  Ilackensnck  (0U04), 
Sulcm  (5510),  besides  other  thriving  villages  and  towns, 
Biich  lis  South  Ainboy,  Bordcntown,  Red  Bank,  Lainhcrt- 
villc,  Princeton,  Woodbury,  South  Orange,  Somerville,  Vine- 
land,  Cape  May,  Freehold,  Boonton,  Washington,  Flcin- 
ington,  Mount  ilolly,  Kcyport,  llackettstown,  Bulviderc, 
Iladdonficld,  Raritau,  and  Beverly.  In  the  summer  se.i^on 
many  of  the  seaside  resorts  are  po|)ulous  places,  and  thriving 
suburbs  are  numerous  in  the  vicinity  of  the  larger  cities. 

Cofulitulioii,  dke. — The  present  state  constitution  came 
into  force  in  1844.  Citizens  who  vote  must  have  resided 
one  year  in  the  state,  and  five  months  in  the  county  where 
their  vote  is  cast.  The  governor  is  chosen  every  three 
years.  The  legislature  meets  yearly,  and  consists  of  a 
senate  of  21  and  an  assembly  of  00  members.  Judges  are 
appointed  by  the  legislature,  and  serve  for  fixed  terms. 
l>icw  Jersey  has  eight  representatives  in  the  lower  house 
of  Congress, 

Hittorif. — The  Dutch  settled  at  Bergen  before  1620,  and 
the  colony  became  a  part  of  the  New  Amsterdam  provinces ; 
and  in  1627  some  Swedes  settled  on  the  Delaware,  regard- 
ing the  country  as  a  part  of  their  province  of  New  Sweden. 
In  1664  the  country  passed  to  the  English  with  New  York, 
and  the  Duke  of  York  finally  made  over  the  whole  to  Sir 
George  Carteret,  from  whoso  native  isliind  of  Jersey  the 
jirovinces  were  named.  For  a  time  (1682-1702),  William 
Pcnn  and  a  few  of  his  associates  and  their  successors  wore 
proprietors  of  New  Jersey,  before  which  time  there  had,  after 
1674,  been  two  recognized  governments,  called  East  and 
West  Jersey  respectively,  the  latter  being  distinctively  a 
colony  of  Friends.  From  1702  to  1708  New  York  and  New 
Jersey  were  under  the  same  royal  governor.  During  the 
Revolution,  New  Jersey  bore  a  most  patriotic  part,  and  the 
battles  of  Fort  Lee,  Trenton,  Princeton,  Millstone,  Red 
Bank,  and  Monmouth  were  here  fought.  During  the  war 
of  1861-05  the  troops  of  New  Jersey  served  with  honor,  and 
were  among  the  most  ctVective  in  the  national  service. 

The  Fopiilalion  in  1708  was  estimated  at  40,000  ;  in  1790 
it  was  184,139;  in  1300,  211,149;  in  1810,  245,562;  in 
1820,  277,426;  in  1830,  320,823;  in  1840,  373,306;  in 
1860,  489,555;  in  1800,  672,035;  in  1870,  906,096;  in  1880, 
1,131,116;  in  1890,  1,444,933. 

JVew  Jcru'salem^  a  post-hamlet  of  Logan  oo.,  0.,  6 
miles  E.  of  Bcllefontaine.     It  has  6  houses. 

New  Jerusalem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berlcs  co.,  Pa.,  3 
miles  from  Bower's  Station,  and  about  16  miles  N.E.  of 
Heading.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Kent,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Virginia,  has  an 
area  of  about  270  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E, 
by  the  Pamunkey  and  York  Rivers,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the 
Chickahominy  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly, 
and  a  hirge  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil 
produces  a  little  Indian  corn,  wheat,  &c.  It  is  intersected 
in  the  N.W.  part  by  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad, 
and  in  the  S.  part  by  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad. 
Capital,  New  Kent  Court-House.  Pop.  in  1870,  4381;  in 
•1880,  5515;  in  1890,  5511. 

New  Kent  Court-House,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
New  Kent  co.,  Va.,  6  miles  S.E.  of  White  House  Station, 
and  30  miles  E.  of  Richmond.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Kings'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y., 
about  50  miles  W.  of  Hudson.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Kingston,  Cumberland  co..  Pa.     See  Kingsto-V. 

NeAV'kirk,  a  post-oflRco  of  Dade  co.,  Mo. 

Newkirk,  a  station  in  Salem  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  West 
Jersey  Railro.-vd  (Salem  Branch),  13  miles  E.  of  Salem, 

Newkirk,  a  station  on  the  Schuylkill  Vjilley  Railroad, 
2  miles  S.W,  of  Tamaqua,  Pa.     Here  coal  is  mined. 

Newkirk  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  N,Y., 
about  9  miles  N.W,  of  Gloversville, 

New  Knob  (nob)  Creek,  post-office,  Sevier  co.,  Tenn, 

New  Knoxville,  nox'vil,  a  post- village  of  Auglaize 
CO.,  in  Washington  township,  0.,  about  25  miles  N,  of  Piqua, 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  furniture,  hubs,  Ac. 

NeAV  Ladoga,  Russia.    See  Ladoga. 

New  Lan'ark,  a  village  of  Scotland,  on  the  Clyde, 
1  mile  S.  of  Lanark.  Pop.  973,  employed  in  extensive 
cotton-works,  founded  by  the  philanthropic  David  Dale  in 
1784,  Robert  Owen's  first  attempts  to  found  a  now  system 
of  social  organization  were  made  here. 


NcwLanc'nstcr,  a  post-hamlet  in  M.adison  townshl' 
Tipton  CO.,  Ind.,  3  miles  from  Elwood  Station,  and  aboi 
38  miles  N,N.E,  of  Indianapolis.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

New  Lancaster,  a  post-village  in  Miami  lowwhli 
Miami  CO.,  Kansas,  about  12  miles  S.E.  of  Paola. 

New  Lancaster,  Ontario.    Sec  RivifcuK  Kairix, 

New'land,  a  township  of  Pasquotank  co.,  N.C,  P,  148 

Newland,  a  po.^t- hamlet  of  Richmond  co,,  Va  J 
miles  E,  of  Milford  Station.  '' 

Newland,  Ontario.    See  Mount  Albert. 

New  Lar'ig,  a  jiost-villago  in  Pictou  co..  Nova  ScoUi 
22  miles  from  Glengarry.     Po]).  140. 

New  Leb'anon,  a  post-hamlet  of  De  Kalb  co.  Ill 
about  20  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Elgin.     It  has  2  churches'. 

New  Lebanon,  a  post-village  in  (iill  township,  Sull 
van  CO.,  Ind.,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Sullivan,  and  about  20  luih 
N.  of  Vincennos.  It  has  a  church.  Coal  is  fuund  her 
Pop,  about  200, 

New  Lebanon,  a  post-village  in  New  Lebanon  towi 
ship,  Columbia  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  t!ie  Harlem  Extension  Rai 
road,  about  24  miles  S.E.  of  Albany.  It  has  seven 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  thermometers,  barometer 
and  medicinal  extracts.  The  township  contains  a  suuituc 
resort,  named  Lebanon  Springs,  and  a  large  coininuuity  i 
Shakers  at  Mount  Lebanon,  who  make  brooms  and  batkc 
and  sell  garden-seeds.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2459. 

New  Lebanon,  a  post-village  of  iMontgomery  co.,  0 
10  miles  W.  of  Dayton.     It  has  a  church  and  carriage-tboj 

New  Lebanon,  a  post-village  of  Mercer  co..  Pa., 
miles  N.  of  Sandy  Lake,  and  18  miles  S.  of  Mcodville. 
has  an  academy,  3  churches,  and  a  woollen-mill.   Pop.  27 

New  Lebanon,  a  post-ofiice  of  Klikitat  co.,  Wash, 

New  Lebanon  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  New  Lcl 
anon  township,  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  1  mile  from  the  Ilarlei 
Extension  Railroad,  and  about  22  miles  S.E,  of  Alban, 
It  has  a  flour-mill. 

New  Lebanon  Springs.    See  LEnAxox  Springs. 

New  Leeds,  Cecil  co.,  Md,    See  Cheiiuy  IIili.. 

New  Leinster,  an  island.    See  New  Zeala.nd, 

New  Len'ox,  a  post-village  in  New  Lenox  townshi] 
Will  CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Rai 
road,  5  miles  E.  of  Joliet.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  grade 
school.     Pop,  of  the  township,  1121, 

New  Lenox,  a  post-hamlet  in  Lenox  township,  Bcrl 
shire  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Ilousatonic  River  and  the  lluus: 
tonic  Railroad,  4  or  5  miles  S.  of  Pittsficld.  It  has  3  sa^i 
mills,  a  woollen-mill,  and  manufactures  of  liiuc  and  brick 

New  Le'on  (Sp.  Nuevo  Leon,  nw,\'vo  li-on'),  a  stal 
of  Mexico,  between  lat.  24°  and  27°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  99 
and  100°  40'  W.,  enclosed  by  Tamaulip.as,  San  Luis  Potos 
Zacatccas,  and  Cohahuila.  Area,  23,626  square  miles.  Th 
surface  is  generally  mountainous ;  principal  river,  tb 
Tigre.  The  soil  is  fertile.  The  mineral  ])ruducts  couiprii 
lead,  gold,  silver,  and  salt.  The  chief  towns  arc  Montere 
(the  capital),  Florida,  Saltillo,  and  Linares.     Pop,  201,735 

New  Lepel,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Lepel. 

New  Lex'ington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tuscaloosa  co 
Ala.,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Tuscaloosa.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Lexington,  a  village  in  Fairfield  townshi] 
Highland  co.,  0.,  on  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroat 
62  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  a  chur'h,  a  grade 
school,  2  wagon-shops,  and  a  drug-store.  Pop.  242.  llei 
is  Highland  Post-Otlice. 

NcAV  Lexington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Perry  co 
0.,  in  Pike  township,  on  the  Cincinnati  A  Muskingui 
Valley  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Ohio  Central  Rail 
road,  26  miles  S.S.W.  of  Zancsville,  and  58  miles  E.S.E.  o 
Columbus.  It  is  surrounded  by  hills  which  contain  abuD 
dance  of  coal.  It  has  a  national  bank,  a  union  school, 
foundry,  2  newspaper  offices,  6  churches,  a  pottery,  an 
a  planing-mill.     Pop.  in  1890.  1470. 

New  Lexington,  a  hamlet  of  Preble  eo.,  C,  in  Twi 
township,  on  Twin  Creek,  6i  miles  E.  of  Eaton,  It  has 
church  and  a  wagon-shop. 

New  Lexington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co.,  Pa.,  5 
miles  (direct)  S.E.  of  Pittsburg.    It  has  a  flour-mill  oii'l 
woollen-factory. 

New  Lexington,  a  hamlet  of  Hancock  eo.,  W.  A  u 
on  the  Ohio  River,  1  mile  from  Port  Homer  Station,  0, 
New  Lib'erty,  a  post-office  of  We!<l  co..  Col. 
New  Liberty,  a  village  in  Willow  Hill  township,  Ja« 
per  CO.,  111.,  8  miles  E.  of  Newton.    It  has  2  churchc.-!.  'fh 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Willow  Hill.     Coal  is  found  bore 
New  Liberty,  a  post-village  of  Pope  co..  111.,  on  tb 
Ohio  River,  10  miles  abova  Paducah,  Ky.    It  has  a  church 
New  Liberty,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  Iowa,  about  - 
miles  N.W.  of  Davenport. 


I 


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1973 


NEW 


New  Liberty,  a  post-office  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas. 

Sew  Liberty,  a  post-village  of  Owen  co..  Ky.,  about 
<5  miles  S.W,  of  Cincinnati,  and  50  miles  N.E.  of  Louis- 
ville. It  contains  2  churches  and  a  woollen-mill.  Here  is 
the  Concord  College  (Baptist),  chartered  in  1SG6.     P.  304. 

New  Light,  a  post-office  of  Wake  co.,  N.C.,  about  20 
miles  N.  of  Raleigh.     Pop.  of  New  Light  township,  798. 

NewLim'crick,  a  post-township  of  Aroostook  co.,  Mo., 
10  miles  W.  of  Iloulton.  It  has  a  starch-factory  and  2  saw- 
mills.   Pop.  308. 

New'lin,  a  township  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  775. 

Newlin,  a  station  in  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsyl- 
rania  ife  Delaware  Railroad,  2  miles  S.E.  of  Pomeroy. 

Newlin.s,  a  township  of  Alamance  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  862. 

New  Lisbon,  llz'bgn,  a  post-village  in  Dudley  town- 
;liip,  Henry  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Fort  Wayne,  Muncie  &  Cin- 
nnnati  Railroad,  22  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Richmond.  It  has 
!  churches.     Pop.  about  300. 

New  Lisbon,  a  post-office  of  Renville  co.,  Minn.,  30 
jiiles  S.  of  Willmar. 

New  Lisbon,  township,  Stoddard  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  1182. 

New  Lisbon,  a  post-village  of  Burlington  co.,  N..T., 
)n  Ilanoocas  Creek,  and  on  the  Pemberton  &  New  York  Rail- 
oad,  at  the  terminus  of  the  Columbus  &  Kinkora  linilroad, 
,2  allies  E.  of  Mount  Holly.  It  has  a  church,  a,  fluuring- 
nill,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

New  Lisbon,  a  post-township  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
1516.    It  contains  Noblesville  and  Garrattsville. 

New  Lisbon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Columbiana  co., 
).,  in  Centre  township,  on  the  Little  Reaver  River,  about 
,i5  miles  E.  of  Canton,  and  50  miles  W.N.W.  of  Pittsburg, 
IPa.  It  is  the  southern  terminus  of  the  Niles  A  New  Lis- 
|)on  Branch  of  the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad.  It 
jpontains  a  union  school,  6  churches,  a  woollen-factory,  and 
i^rinling-offices  which  issue  3  weekly  newspapers.  It  has  a 
,iToollcn-mil!,aplaning-milI,  and  manufactures  of  fire-bricks, 
ightning-rods,  and  sash  and  doors.     Pop.  in  1890,  2278. 

New  Lisbon,  a  post-village  in  Lisbon  township,  Ju- 
leau  CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Lemonweir  River,  and  on  the  Chi- 
iigo,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with 
(be  New  Lisbon  it  Neceda  Railroad,  44  miles  W.N.W.  of 
portage  City,  and  CO  miles  E.  of  La  Crosse.  It  is  sur- 
lounded  by  picturesque  scenery.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
ewspaper  office,  a  high  school,  and  several  flouring-mills 
li'l  saw-mill.^.     Pop.  1133. 

New  Lisbon  Centre,  a  hamlet  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  9 
liles  E.  of  New  Berlin.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Liv'erpool,  or  Saint  Romuald  d'Etche- 
[lin,si^•>>  iiA'mU'ild'  det'sh^-mi.v',  a  post-village  in  Levis 
D.,  Quebec,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  5  miles 
.W.  of  Levis.  It  has  a  church,  an  axe-factory,  2  saw- 
lills,  a  tannery,  and  a  large  lumber-trade.     Pop.  700. 

New  London,  lun'd9n,  the  most  southeastern  county 
•,'  Connecticut,  borders  on  Rhode  Island.  Area,  about  687 
((uare  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  Long  Island  Sound 
\ai  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Connecticut 
iver.  and  is  drained  by  the  Thames,  Quinebaug,  Shetiicket, 
id  Yantic  Rivers.  It  has  several  good  harbors,  the  largest 
,Mng  that  of  New  London,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Thames, 
lad  great  facilities  for  trade  and  navigation.  The  surface 
\  hilly,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is 
■  rtile  and  adapted  to  pnsturage.  Hay,  butter,  Indian  corn, 
Its,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
IS  quarries  of  granite,  and  important  manufactures  of 
)tton  goods,  paper,  and  many  oiker  articles.  It  is  inter- 
'ctcd  by  the  Central  Vsi-mont  Railroad,  the  New  York  A 

ew  England  Railroad,  the  New  Y'ork,  Providence  &  Bos- 

n  Railroad,  and  the  New  Y'^ork,  New  Haven  &  Hartford 

ailroad.     Capitals,  New  London  and  Norwich.     Pop.  in 

>70,  66,570;  in  1880,  73,152;  in  1890,  76,637. 

New  London,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co..  Ark.,  about 

miles  W.  of  the  Ouachita  River.     It  has  2  churches. 

New  London,  a  city,  port  of  entry,  and  semi-capital 

New  London  co.,  Conn.,  is  situated  on  the  right  or  W. 

ink  of  the  Thames  River,  3  miles  from  its  entrance  into 

e  ocean,  50  miles  E.  of  New  Haven,  and  62  miles  S.W. 

'  Providence.     Lat.  41°  22'  N.;  Ion.  72°  9'  AV.     The  site 

tins  city  is  a  declivity,  partly  occupied  by  granite  roeks, 

bieh  prevented  it  from  beingbuilt  on  a  regular  plan.    The 

evatiun  on  the  northwestern  border  of  the  city  commands 

1  extensive  and  varied  prospect.     New  London  is  the  E. 

rminns  of  the  Shore  Line  division  of  the  New  Y'ork,  New 
lavcn  (t  Hartford  Bailroad,  which  connects  here  with  the 
l-onington  A  Providence  Railroad  and  the  New  London 
'orthern  Railroad.     Steamboats  ply  daily  between   this 

>rt  and  New  York,  which  is  126  miles  distant.  A  steam- 
;rry  connects  it  with  Qroton  (1   mile  distant)  on  the  E. 


bank  of  the  river.  New  London  contains  a  court-house,  a 
brown-stone  city  hall,  a  granite  custom-houso,  9  or  10 
churches,  5  national  banks,  1  or  2  savings-banks,  a  high 
school  for  boys,  a  young  ladies'  high  school,  and  a  print- 
ing-office which  issues  a  daily  and  a  weekly  ncwsjiapcr. 
At  the  mouth  of  the  river  is  a  first-class  hotel,  capable  of 
accommodating  500  guests.  The  harbor  of  New  London 
is  one  of  the  best  in  the  United  States.  It  is  3  miles 
long,  30  feet  deep,  and  is  seldom  obstructed  by  ice.  Above 
the  city,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  river,  is  the  New  London 
(U.S.)  Navy  Yard.  New  London  is  environed  by  hills, 
and  defended  by  Fort  Trumbull,  a  strong  granite  structure 
located  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Thames  below  the  city,  and 
by  Fort  Griswold.  The  citizens  of  this  place  own  numerous 
vessels  which  are  employed  in  the  fisheries  and  the  coast- 
trade.  It  contains  the  New  London  steam  woollen-mills, 
and  has  manufactures  of  sewing-silk,  mowing-machines, 
cotton-gins,  hardware,  and  machinery.  It  is  a  seat  of  the 
seal-and  whale  fisheries.  P.  in  1880,10,537;  in  1890,13,757. 

New  London,  a  post-village  of  Howard  co.,  Ind.,  2 
miles  from  Russiaville,  and  about  35  miles  E.  of  Lafayette. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  240. 

New  London,  a  post-village  in  New  London  township, 
Henry  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Rail- 
road, 19  miles  W.N.W.  of  Burlington,  and  9  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Mount  Pleasant.  It  has  1  or  2  flouring-mills,  a  brick 
school-house,  an  academy,  5  churches,  and  a  planing-mill. 
Pop.  in -1890,  580;  of  the  township,  1406. 

New  London,  a  post-office  oi  Reno  co.,  Kansas, 

New  London,  a  post-village  of  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  10 
miles  E.  of  Frederick.     Pop.  about  150. 

New  London,  a  post-vill.igc  in  New  London  township, 
Kandiyohi  co.,  Minn.,  12  miles  N.  of  Kandiyohi  Station, 
and  about  44  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Cloud.  It  is  near  Green 
Lake  and  other  fine  lakes.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  bank, 
a  flouring-mill,  3  stores,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  365. 

New  London,  a  village  of  St.  Louis  co.,  JNlinn.,  on 
Lake  Superior,  3i  miles  from  Duluth. 

New  London,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ralls  co..  Mo., 
on  or  near  Salt  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis,  Hannibal  A 
Keokuk  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Hannibal.  It  has  a  limc- 
ttone  court-house,  a  jail,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  4  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  683. 

New  London,  a  post-village  in  New  London  township, 
Merrimack  co.,  N.H.,  about  30  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Concord.  It 
contains  a  church  and  the  New  London  Literary  and  Scien- 
tific Institute.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by 
Sunapce  Lake.     Pop.  of  the  township,  959. 

New  London,  a  post-village  in  Verona  township, 
Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie  Canal,  7  miles  W.  of  Rome, 
and  about  4  miles  N.  of  Verona  Station.  It  has  2  cheese- 
factories,  2  churches,  and  a  union  school.     Pop.  453. 

New  London,  a  village  of  Butler  co.,  0.,  in  Morgan 
township,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Hamilton.  It  has  3  churches. 
Here  is  Paddy's  Run  Post-Oflice. 

New  London,  a  post-village  in  New  London  township, 
Huron  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cleveland,  Columbus,  Cincinnati  A 
Indianapolis  Railroad,  47  miles  S.W.  of  Cleveland,  and 
about  30  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Mansfield.  It  has  a  news])aper 
office,  a  union  school,  3  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  money- 
order  post-office,  and  manufactures  of  eheese.  Hour,  and 
lumber.     Pop.  in  1890,  1096;  of  the  township,  1731. 

New  London,  a  post-village  ii;  New  London  township, 
Chester  co..  Pa.,  2  miles  from  Penn  Station,  and  about  44 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  2  churches,  an 
academy,  and  a  paper-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  91 1. 

New  London,  Va.    See  BKnPonn  Spniscs. 

New  London,  a  post-village  of  AVaupaca  co..  Wis., 
on  the  AVolf  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Embarras  River, 
and  on  the  Green  Bay  A  Minnesota  Railroad,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore  A  Western  Railroad,  39 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  the  city  of  Green  Bay,  and  21  miles 
W.N.W^  of  Appleton.  It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  a  bank, 
a  graded  school,  5  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber, 
staves,  Ac.     Pop.  1882. 

New  London,  or  French  River,  a  seaport  on  the 
northern  coast  of  Prince  Edward  Island,  Queens  co.,  at  the 
W.  side  of  the  entrance  to  Grenville  Bay,  in  lat.  64°  3  i' 
N.,  Ion.  63°  32'  W.     Pop.  150. 

New'lon's  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Cass  co.,  Iowa,  15 
miles  S.E.  of  Atlantic. 

New  Lo'throp,  a  post-village  of  Shiawassee  co.,  Jlich., 
in  Hazleton  township,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Chesaning.  It  has 
a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

New  Lots,  a  township  of  Kings  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  10,765. 
It  contains  East  New  Y'ork,  Ac. 

New  Lowell,  lo'^I,  a  post-villago  in  Simcoe  co.,  On- 


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tario,  on  Coate'8  Creek,  and  on  the  Northern  Railroad,  78 
mi1o«  N.N.W.  of  Toronto.    It  oontaina  several  stores  and 
mills.     Pop.  200. 
New  Lublo,  a  villaf^e  of  ITnngary.    See  Lnnto. 
New   LymCt   a   pogt-township  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0., 
about  54  miles  K.  by  N.  of  Cleveland.     It  has  2  churches 
and  2  choeso-fuctorios.     Pop.  708. 
New  Lyme,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Wis.    Pop.  155. 
New  Lyme  Station,  a  post-office  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0., 
on  the  Ashtabula,  Youngstown  &  Pittsburg  Ilailroad,  20 
miles  S.  of  Ashtabula. 

New  Mnd'ison,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wabash  co.,  Ind., 
about  30  miles  M'.S.W.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  about  150. 

New  Madison,  a  post- village  in  Harrison  township, 
Darke  co.,  0.,  on  the  Columbus,  Chicago  <t  Indiana  Central 
Ilatlroad,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Richmond,  Ind.,  and  about  34 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Dayton.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  carriage-shop,  2  saw-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  452. 

New  ittad'rid,  a  county  in  tho  S.E.  part  of  Missouri, 
has  an  area  of  about  620  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.E.  by  (he  Mississippi  River,  and  contains  a  largo 
lake,  formed  by  the  earthquake  of  1811.  On  this  occasion 
a  great  part  of  this  county  sank  several  feet,  and  was  cov- 
ered witn  water  which  overflowed  from  tho  Mississippi.  Tho 
surface  is  mostly  level.  Tho  soil  is  fertile,  and  free  from 
stones.  Indian  corn  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It 
is  intersected  by  tho  St.  Louis  Southwestern  Railroad  and 
the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  the 
former  of  which  connects  with  New  Madrid,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  6357;  in  I8S0,  7694;  in  1890,  9317. 

New  Madrid,  a  post- village,  capital  of  New  Madrid 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  at  the  terminus  of  the 
Little  River  Valley  &  Arkansas  Railroad,  about  40  miles 
by  land  S.S.W.  of  Cairo,  111.  It  has  a  newspaper  office  and 
3  churches. 

New  Maho'ning,  a  post-hamlct  of  Carbon  co.,  Pa., 
about  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mauch  Chunk. 
New  Malton,  England.    Sec  Malton. 
Ne  w'man,  a  post-village  in  Newman  township,  Douglas 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Decatur  <t  Springfield  Rail- 
road, 16  miles  E.  of  Tuscola,  and  52  miles  E.  of  Decatur. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  a  flour-mill.   Pop.  in  1890,  990;  of  township,  2026. 
Newman,  a  post-hamlct  of  Jeflerson  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  N.  bank  of  the  Kansas  River,  and  on  the  Kansas  Pa- 
cific Railroad,  12  miles  E.  of  Topeka.     It  has  a  church. 
New  Manchester,  West  Virginia.    Seo  Faikvikw. 
Newman  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co..  Neb. 
New'manstoAi'u,  a  post-village  in  Mill  Creek  town- 
ship, Lebanon  co..  Pa.,  about  19  miles  W.  of  Reading,  and 
1  mile  from  Sheridan  Station  of  the  Philadelphia  <fe  Read- 
ing Railroad.     It  has  2  churches,  2  flour-mills,  and  a  plough- 
factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  612. 

New'mansville,  formerly  Hag'Iey,  a  post-hamlct  of 
Cass  CO.,  III.,  25  miles  N.AV.  of  Springfield.    It  has  a  church. 
Newmansville,  a  post-office  of  Clarion  co.,  Pa.,  about 
20  miles  E.  of  Oil  City. 

Newmansville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Tcnn.,  8 
miles  from  Fullen's  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

New  iMar'ion,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ripley  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Shelby  township,  on  Graham's  Fork,  20  miles  N.  of  Madi- 
son.    It  has  a  church. 

NeAVmar'ket,  a  town  of  England,  cos.  of  Suffolk  and 
.  Cambridge,  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cambridge,  and  65i  miles 
N.N.E.  of  London,  with  which  it  communicates  by  railway. 
It  has  many  splendid  residences,  elegant  rooms  belonging 
to  the  Jockey  Club,  numerous  hotels,  and  immense  ranges 
of  stabling.  Hero  are  held  tho  famous  races  of  Newmarket, 
of  which  there  are  7  meetings  yearly.     Pop.  4534. 

Newmarket,  a  town  of  Ireland^  co.  and  4  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Clare.     Pop.  750. 

Newmarket,  a  town  of  Wales,  co.  of  Flint,  4  miles 
N.E.  of  St.  Asaph. 

Newmar'ket,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Ala.,  about 
20  miles  N.E.  of  lluntsvillo.  It  has  3  stores.  Pop.  150. 
Newmarket,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Ga. 
Newmarket,  a  small  village  of  Clarke  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Oregon  township,  .H  miles  from  Otisco  Station,  and  about  22 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Madison.  It  has  2  churches.  Hero  is 
Oregon  Post-Office. 

Newmarket,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Logansport,  Crawfordsville  &  Southwestern  Rail- 
roa<l,  46  miles  N.N.E.  of  Terre  Haute.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Market,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Rolling  Fork  of  Salt  River,  about  60  miles  S.W.  of 
Lexington. 


New  Market,  a  hamlet  of  Raltimore  eo.,  Md.,  }  n.iU 
from  Mason  &,  DLxon's  Lino,  and  2  miles  from  Frcdant 
Railroad  Station.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  150. 

New  Market,  a  post-village  of  Frederick  eo.,  MJ.. 
1  mile  from  Monrovia  Station  of  tho  Baltimore  A  Ohio  WuU. 
road,  and  about  45  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  i 
churches,  2  flour-mills,  a  machino-bhop,  and  on  aaadnuv 
Pop.  about  400.  -«««««y. 

New  Market,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Seolt 
CO.,  Minn.,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Fairfield  Station,  and  about  33 
miles  S.S.W.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  2  churches,  a  brewery 
and  a  distillery.     Pop.  739. 

New  Market,  a  post-village  in  Green  township,  Pl»tt( 
CO.,  Mo.,  near  the  Platte  River,  and  on  tho  Chicago,  Koci 
Island  A  Pacific  Railroad,  21  miles  E.  of  Atchison,  Knnfa* 
It  has  an  academy,  2  churches,  and  2  mills.     Pop.  167. 

New  Market,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.H. 
in  New  Market  township,  on  the  Boston  &  Maiiio  Kuilroud 
10  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Dover,  and  58  miles  N.  of  Boston.  It 
has  several  cotton-mills,  a  national  bank,  3  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  a  manufactory  of  clothing.  Pop,  of 
the  township,  2368.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E 
by  Grand  Bay.  Newmarket  Station  on  tho  Concord  <l 
Portsmouth  Railroad  is  at  South  Newmarket  Junction. 

Newmarket,  a  hamlot  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  in  Eat\ 
and  West  Amwell  townships,  4  miles  from  Ringoes  Station 
It  has  a  church. 

New  Market,  a  post-village  in  Piscataway  township 
Middlesex  co.,  N.J.,  on  tho  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  4  niilei 
E.  of  Bound  Brook,  and  1  mile  S.  of  Duncllcn  Station  of 
the  Central  Railroad.  It  has  3  churches  and  2  wagon- 
shops. 

New  Market,  a  post-township  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C, 
about  72  miles  W.  of  Raleigh.     I'op.  1297. 

New  Market,  a  station  in  Harrison  co.,  0.,  on  thi 
Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  where  is  lb« 
village  of  Scio. 

New  Market,  a  post-village  in  New  Market  township. 
Highland  co.,  0.,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Hillsborough,  and  about 
44  uiilcs  W.S.W.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  several  cburcbei 
and  a  tannery.     Pop.  143  ;  of  the  township,  1107. 

New  Marlcet,  a  village  in  Fairview  township,  York 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  i  mile  from  New  Cum 
berland  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Market,  a  post-office  of  Abbeville  co.,  S.C,  on 
the  Greenville  &  Columbia  Railroad,  81  miles  W.  by  N.  of 
Columbia. 

New  Market,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Ilolston  River,  and  on  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  A 
Georgia  Railroad,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Knoxville.  It  has  i 
churches,  the  Holston  Seminary,  and  a  saw-uiill.   I'op.  926, 

New  Market,  a  post-village  of  Shenandoah  co.,  V«., 
is  in  the  beautiful  and  fertile  Shenandoah  Valley,  45  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Staunton,  1  mile  from  New  Market  Station  on 
the  Harper's  Ferry  &  Valley  Branch  Railroad,  and  near 
the  W.  base  of  the  Massanutten  Mountain.  It  contains  3 
churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  the  New  .Market 
Polytechnic  Institute,  and  a  carriage- factory.     Pop.  600. 

Newmarket,  a  town  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  East 
Branch  of  Holland  River,  and  on  the  Northern  Railway,  34 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Toronto.  It  contains  3  churches,  a  branch 
bank,  several  stores,  a  foundry,  a  brewery,  woollen-,  saw-, 
and  grist-mills,  and  2  newspa])er  offices.     Pop.  17G0. 

New  Maryborough,  a  po.st-vilIage  in  New  Marl 
borough  township,  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  .about  36  miles  W. 
of  Springfield.  It  contains  the  South  Berkshire  Institute 
and  a  church.  Pop.  of  the  township,  2037.  The  township 
contains  Hartsville,  Mill  River,  and  Southfield. 

New  Marrs,  marz,  a  post-office  of  Bibb  co.,  Ala. 

New  Mar'tinsburg,a  post-village  in  Perry  township, 
Fayette  co.,  0.,  3  miles  from  East  Monroe  Railroad  Station, 
and  about  50  miles  S.S.W.  of  Columbus.  It  has  2  churches 
and  2  saw-mills. 

New  Mar'tinsville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wetjte! 
CO.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Fi.«bing 
Creek,  about  40  miles  below  Wheeling.    It  has  a  ncwspai'T 
office,  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  oil-barrt; 
wool,  stivves,  <fec.     Pop.  in  189(1,  692. 

New  Matamoras,  Ohio.    See  Matamohas. 

New  Mays'ville,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co.,  InJ., 
about  32  miles  W.  of  Indi.anapolis.     Pop.  109. 

New  Mayville,  Clarion  co..  Pa.    See  Mavvii.lb. 

New  Melle  (mel),  or  Ncwmel'la,  a  post-villago  of 
St.  Charles  co..  Mo.,  36  miles  W.  by  N.  of  St.  Louis.    It, 
has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  2  wagon-shops.    Pop.  300.  j 

New  Mem'phis,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  Ill.i  on| 
Easkaskia  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis  A  Southeastern  Ran- 


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,,id  3S  miles  E.S.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  It  has  2  churches 
nd  a  flour-mill. 

Neiv  Memphis,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas, 
J  miles  N.W.  of  Columbus.  Coal  abounds  here. 
New  Mex'ico  (Sp.  Nnevo  Mexico  or  Mejico,  nwA'vo 
41)'llo-ko;  Fr.  iVoiu'enu-Jl/extg'we,  noo^vo'-mfix'eek' ;  Ger. 
'eii-Mexico,  noi-m5x'e-ko),  a  southwestern  territory  of  the 
nited  States,  bounded  N.  by  Colorado,  E.  by  Oklahoma 
id  Texas,  S.  by  Texas  and  Mexico,  and  AV.  bv  Arizona, 
lies  between  Ion.  103°  and  109°  W.  and  hit.  31°  20'  and 
■°  N.,  and  has  an  area  of  122.580  square  miles. 
Face  of  the  Oowitry. — New  Mexico  is  a  region  of  high 
atcaus  having  an  altitude  of  from  3000  to  6000  feet,  and 
"eneral  southward  inclination,  but  traversed  by  mountain- 
iJi'cs  and  bearing  many  isolated  peaks,  some  of  the  moun- 
ins  attaining  a  height  of  more  thiin  12,000  feet  and  tow- 
in;;  above  the  line  of  perpetual  snow,  especially  north- 
iarJ.  Between  the  llio  (Jrande  and  the  Pecos,  and  S.  into 
bxas,  this  plateau  extends,  and  in  the  E.  the  territory 
'kes  in  a  part  of  the  sterile  and  treeless  Llano  Estacado, 
Staked  Plain.  The  most  noteworthy  mountains  are  the 
erra  Madre,  or  main  chain  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  the 
;ra  Cristobal,  Jumanes,  and  Organ  Mountains,  E.  of  the 
llo  Grande,  the  Gua<lalupe  Mountains  in  the  S.E.,  the 
kton  Mountains  in  the  N.E.,  the  Sierra  de  Chusca  in  the 
,\V.,  and  the  Placiere,  ]3lanca,  Carrizo,  Patos,  JicariUa, 
iigdalena,  Cerillos,  Sandia,  Manzano,  Mogollon,  and  other 
inor  ranges.  The  valleys  are  usually  somewhat  kjvel, 
lid  often  very  fertile  when  irrigated ;  but  the  climate  is 
'ry  dry,  and  in  the  more  elevated  parts  the  winter  cold 
severe.  The  territory  is  remarkably  healthful,  and  its 
ij;ht  skies  and  clear  air  are  praised  by  every  tourist. 
jihers. — The  Rio  Grande,  and  its  tributaries  the  Pecos 

ithe  S.E.  and  the  Puerco  on  the  W.,  drain  the  greater 
rt  of  New  Mexico;  but  in  the  E.  there  is  a  large  tract 
lieli  is  within  the  Mississippi  Valley  and  is  drained 
i,mcipally  by  the  Canadian  River.  In  the  S.W.  rise  the 
jla  and  the  Miuibres,  and  far  to  the  N.  flow  the  Chaco  and 
je  head-streams  of  the  Little  Colorado.  The  streams  are 
lit  large,  and  are  useful  chiefly  as  supplying  water  for  irri- 
jtion  and  for  mining  purposes. 

[Geology. — A  large  share  of  New  Mexico  seems  to  be  cov- 

[)d  with  cretaceous  deposits,   with  occasional   overlying 

Itches  of  the  tertiary ;  but  the  mountain-ranges  of  syenite 

id  porphyry  at  the  time  of  their  elevation  seem  to  have 

".ed  with  them,  and  otherwise  to  have  upheaved,  masses  of 

urian  limestone  and  of  the  sandstones  of  the  earlier  me- 

oic  time.    The  outlying  viesas,  or  small  table-lands,  are 

lerally  of  a  lignitiferous  sandstone.     The  syenites  and 

lestones  are  richly  charged  with  metallic  wealth.     Both 

cer  and  quartz  gold,  as  well  as  rich  deposits  of  silver, 

n,  copper,  and  lead,  are  known,  and  to  some  extent  all 

vo  been  wrought,  while  mercury,  zinc,  and  manganese 

0  exist.  The  coal  of  New  Mexico  is  a  lignite  of  high 
.'le,  has  a  wide  distribution,  is  frequently  found  in  thick 
Is,  affording  a  good  illuminating  gas,  and  (what  is  so 
cly  true  of  lignites)  leaving,  in  some   instances,  a  firm 

1  good  coke.  At  the  Placiere  Mountains  and  elsewhere 
tias  been  metamorphosed  into  an  excellent  anthracite. 

Ijine  basins  are  frequent,  and  afford  a  supply  of  good  salt. 
(B  territory  has  many  lava-beds  and  thermal  and  mineral 
tings. 

[Vegetation  and  Agriculture. — In  the  mountains  of  the  N. 
frc  is  a  supply  of  pine,  pinon,  cedar,  spruce,  and  juniper 
iber  ample  for  all  present  needs,  either  for  building  or  fuel. 
1  the  S.  grow  walnut,  oak,  cottonwood,  plane,  mezquite 
(|  two  species),  ebony,  and  other  rare  woods;  but  the  tim- 
1  supply  is  nowhere  liberal,  and  some  large  districts  are 
i;idlcss.  The  grama  (Chondrosium  and  lioateloHu),  mez- 
Cte  (Sederia),  and  bunch  grasses  afford  rich  pasturage. 
Viof  the  mezquite  trees  affords  a  valuable  giiin,  much  lilie 
(a  arable,  and  its  sugary  pods  and  bean-like  seeds  are 
<(:n  by  men  and  beasts,  while  for  fuel  it  is  of  such  unsur- 
I,3cd  excellence  that  even  its  roots  are  dug  up  for  burn- 
Ji.  Stock-raising,  and  particularly  wool-growing,  have 
1;;  been  the  leading  pursuits  of  the  New  Mexicans. 
•Ithcr  shelter  nor  hand-feeding  is  over  required  for  the 
'  ks.  The  ap|)le,  peach,  melon,  apricot,  pomegranate,  and 
I  lo  well,  the  three  latter  especially  southward;  but  of  all 
t  ts  the  grape  promises  best.  The  European  vine  grows 
';3  in  the  open  air,  and  the  wines  of  New  Mexico  are 
r  ited  to  have  peculiarly  rich  and  generous  qualities,  but 
t'le  have  not  largely  reached  the  general  market.  For 
Jiicnlture  and  gardening  irrigation  is  necessary,  and  the 
ti  -civilized  aboriginals  and  the  Spanish-Americans  have 
c  itructed  large  canals  leading  from  the  streams  to  their 
y-Iands.     The  ordinary  cereals  all  do  well  here,  but 


wheat,  maize,  pumpkins,  onions,  and  beans  afford  the  prin» 
cipal  supplies  of  vegetable  food.  The  Rio  Grande  alluvion 
is  said  to  equ.al  that  of  the  Nile  in  fertility.  Good  farm- 
lands exist  on  the  Mimbres,  Alamosa,  Tesuque,  and  Rio  del 
Cuehilla  Negra. 

Commerce. — Santa  P6  was  long  the  objective  point  of  a 
lucrative  but  hazardous  overland  trade,  carried  on  mainly 
by  caravans  or  wagon-trains  from  Independence,  Mo.,  across 
the  wide  plains,  then  for  300  leagues  without  inhabitants 
save  the  hostile  red  man.  But  with  the  approach  of  rail- 
roads this  adventurous  commerce  was  displaced  by  newer 
and  more  expeditious  methods  of  transportation.  Prior 
to  1878  New  Mexico  had  no  railroads,  but  the  territory  is 
now  crossed  by  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Sunta  F6,  Southern 
Pacific,  Denver  <fc  Rio  Grande,  Texas  &  Fort  Worth,  Santa 
Fe  Southern,  and  Arizona  <&  New  Mexico  lines,  aggregating 
1388  miles. 

The  Cowtties  are  17,  viz.,  Bernalillo,  Chaves,  Colfax, 
Donna  Ana,  Eddy,  Grant,  Guadaloupe,  Lincoln,  Mora,  Rio 
Arriba,  San  Juan,  San  Miguel,  Santa  F6,  Sierra,  Socorro, 
Taos,  and  Valencia.  The  principal  towns  are  Santa  P'e,  the 
capital  (pop.  in  1880,  6635;  in  1890,  6185);  Albuquerque 
(old  and  new  towns),  6518 ;  Las  Vegas,  East  Las  Vegas, 
Silver  City,  Raton,  Deming,  Las  Cruces,  Socorro,  <tc. ;  none 
of  them  are  very  populous.  A  prevailing  building-material 
in  the  towns  is  the  adobe,  or  sun-dried  brick,  which  here 
proves  very  durable.  There  are  19  inhabited  pueblos,  or 
villages  of  semi-civilized  Indians,  mostly  towards  the  N.W., 
besides  many  ruined  towns  of  the  same  type, — the  great 
and  many-storied  communal  buildings  presenting  a  strongly 
marked  and  massive  architectural  character. 

Education. — As  early  as  1822  provision  was  made  by  the 
Mexican  authorities  for  elementary  public  instruction,  but 
the  system  was  never  effective,  and  after  the  conquest  by 
the  United  States  no  public  schools  were  established  before 
1872.  In  1890  508  school-houses  were  reported,  with  an  en- 
rollment of  about  12,000  children  in  the  public  schools,  and 
2107  in  private  schools.  The  English  language  was  used 
exclusively  in  164  schools,  the  Spanish  in  139  schools,  and 
both  languages  were  employed  in  184  schools.  The  legis- 
lature, in  1889,  provided  for  a  university  at  Albuquerque, 
an  agricultural  college  iit  Las  Cruces,  and  a  school  of  mines 
at  Socorro.  There  are  mission  schools  among  the  Indians, 
and  a  number  of  Roman  Catholic  parochial  and  higher 
schools.  St.  Michael's  College,  Santa  Fe,  and  St.  Joseph's 
College,  Las  Cruces,  are  both  chartered  Roman  Catholic 
institutions. 

Manu/acturet. — The  principal  manufacturing  industries 
are  the  milling  of  grain  and  of  metalliferous  quartz,  and 
the  sawing  of  lumber.  The  Navajo  Indians  make  blankets 
of  surprising  excellence,  and  the  inhabitants  of  the  Pueblos 
make  and  sell  much  coarse  pottery,  and  among  the  Spanish- 
Americans  there  are  ingenious  domestic  manufactures. 

The  government  of  New  Mexico  is  established  upon  the 
ordinary  model  of  the  territorial  governments.  The  Pueblo 
Indians  are  by  treaty  and  by  statute  United  States  citizens, 
but  they  have  preferred  to  retain  their  own  peculiar  social 
regulations. 

Hintory. — New  Mexico  was  visited  by  Spaniards  as  early 
as  1536,  and  was  colonized  in  1582, — Santa  Fe  being,  next 
to  St.  Augustine,  Fla.,  the  oldest  town  in  the  United  States. 
The  early  settlers  found  many  of  the  natives  living,  as  at 
present,  in  a  semi-civilized  way,  wearing  cotton  garments 
of  their  own  weaving,  manufacturing  good  pottery,  and 
building  enormous  communal  houses,  or  casaa  grandee,  but 
having  almost  no  knowledge  of  the  use  of  metals.  These 
natives  were  brought  to  accept  the  faith  of  their  conquerors, 
who  enslaved  and  so  oppressed  them  that  in  1680  the  whites 
were  all  expelled  by  their  subjects,  but  soon  returned,  not 
again  to  bo  displaced.  In  1846  the  United  States  troops 
under  Kearney  conquered  New  Mexico,  which  had  become 
a  state  in  the  Mexican  republic.  In  1850  the  territorial 
government  was  organized.  During  the  war  of  1861-65 
the  battle  of  Valverde  saved  the  territory  from  siding  with 
the  Confederate  movement,  and  it  was  not  till  the  general 
abolition  of  slavery  (which  here  existed  in  the  form  known 
as  peonage)  that  the  half-despotic,  half-paternal  Mexican 
system  of  government  and  social  order  began  to  give  way 
before  the  advent  of  American  institutions.  The  mines, 
anciently  very  productive,  have  as  yet  hardly  made  a  fair 
start  towards  reopening  their  stores  of  wealth. 

Population. — Nine-tenths  of  the  white  people  are  of 
Mexican  origin,  with  a  dash  of  the  Indian  blood,  and  speak 
the  Spanish  langujige.  Many  of  them  have  but  lately 
emerged  from  peonage.  In  1850  the  pop.  was  61,547 ;  in 
1860,  93,516;  in  1870  (after  the  setting  off  of  large  areas  to 
Arizona  and  Colorado)  91,879,  exclusive  of  the  tribal  In- 


NEW 


I'JTt'. 


NEW 


4inn*,  who,  in  1874,  numbered  25,208,  of  whom  about  10,000 
WDi-o  I'unblo  ImliAni,  Iftwful  oitixen*  uf  the  United  States. 
The  other  Imliiins  are  Nnrajoi,  Apiiohea,  Utos,  Ao,  Tht 
Mesloun«  and  I'ueblot  are  Roman  Cathulios ;  but  the  ma- 
jority of  tlie  tribal  Indians  are  un-Chri«tianiied.  They 
nave  reoentiy  begun  to  malce  good  progreis  in  oiviiiiation. 
The  EngliBh-R|>eiil(inK|)0(>|>laar«  niuntly  engaged  in  mining 
Operationt.     I'op.  In  I8K0,  110,605;  in  18U(l,  I5:i,69:<. 

New  IHid'dleton,  a  post-village  of  Smith  oo.,  Tenn., 
IS  miles  K.  of  Lebanon.  It  has  3  onurohes,  an  academy,  a 
tloiir-iiiill,  and  a  woollen-factory. 
New  itliddlotown,  a  post-offlco  of  Harrison  oo.,  Ind. 
N«W  itIiddluto\vn,a  iwst-villngo  of  Mahoning  oo..  0., 
i  niiloH  S.S.W.  of  Lowollvillo.  It  has  a  church  and  2  storos. 
Toj).  147. 

New  Mid'wnVt  a  post-villago  of  Froderiok  oo.,  Md.,  on 
the  l'Vo<l«riok  A  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  about  46  miles 
W.X.W,  iif  Raltimoro,  and  i;i  miles  N.E.  of  Frederick. 

New  Mil'fordt  a  handsome  post- village  in  Now  Milford 
township,  Litchliold  oo.,  Conn.,  on  the  llousntonio  River, 
nciir  the  mouth  of  tho  Aspetuok,  and  on  tho  Ilousnionio 
Riiilroud,  U  miles  N.  of  Danbury,  and  35  miles  N.  by  W. 
of  lirtdgoport.  It  has  4  or  5  churches,  a  high  school,  a 
national  bank,  1  other  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  5  tobacco- 
wari-houses  or  factories,  and  manufactures  of  buttons,  hats, 
boots,  and  puper.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  .Hi) 1 7. 

New  Miilurd,a  post-village  in  Now  Milford  township, 
Winnebago  co.,  111.,  on  the  Kishwaukce  River,  and  on  the 
Rockford  division  of  the  Chicago  &  Iowa  Railroad,  0  miles 
S.  of  Rockford.  It  has  2  churches.  Tho  township  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  Rook  River.  Pop.  of  townsliip,  U15. 
New  Aliirord,a  bamlotof  Rergcn  oo.,  N..T.,  on  tho  Now 
Jersey  A  New  York  Railroad,  18  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City. 
It  liivs  a  (lour-mill.    Hero  is  Spring  Valley  I'ost-OfflL-e. 

New  JUitfurd,  a  post-village  in  Warwick  township, 
Orango  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the  N.  boundary  of  Now  Jersey,  about 
40  milos  N.W.  of  New  York  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  tan- 
nery, I  or  2  llouring-mills,  Ao. 
New  Milford,  Ohio.  Soo  Rootstown  Station. 
New  Milford,  a  post-borough  in  Now  Milford  town- 
ship, Su3(|uohiinna  co.,  I'a.,  on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna 
A  Western  Railroad,  41  milos  N.  of  Scranton,  and  20  miles 
S.  by  E.  of  liinghatnton.  It  has  a  bank,  4  churches,  and 
sevonil  mills.     Pop.  850;  of  tho  townshi]),  1047. 

New  Mill,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  BanfiT,  on  the 
Islii,  a  uiilos  S.K.  of  Fochabers.     Pop.  614. 

New  Mill'port,apost-hamlct  in  Knox  township, Clear- 
field CO.,  Pa.,  about  32  miles  N.  of  Altoona.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  liour-inill. 

New  Mills,  a  village  of  England,  oo.  of  Derby,  on  the 
Quyt,  8  miles  K.S.K.  of  Stookport,  at  a  railway  junction. 

New  Mills,  a  hamlot  of  Suifolk  co.,  N.Y.,  li  miles 
from  Smithtown  Station.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  saw-mill. 
New  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Camden  oo.,  N.C.,  36 
milos  S.  of  Norfolk,  Va.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 
New  Mill'town,a  village  in  Leacock  and  Salisbury 
townships,  Lancaster  co..  Pa.  It  has  a  church,  a  woollen- 
mill,  a  8iiw-uiill,  a  hotel,  and  several  shops  and  stores. 

Newniiliis,  nu-m!lz',  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  oo.  of  Ayr, 
on  tho  Irvine.  2^  miles  K.  of  Ualston. 

New  Mil'ton,  a  j)ost-hamlet  of  Doddridge  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Middle  Island  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Smithton.  It 
has  2  churches. 

New  Min'dcn,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  III., 
about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Centralia.  It  has  4  general  stores. 
New  Mou'mouth,  a  post-village  in  Middletown  town- 
ghin,  Mimmouth  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  New  Jersey  Southern 
Ilailrond,  near  tho  soa-coast,  24  miles  S.  by  W.  of  New 
York,  ami  0  milos  N.  of  Red  Rank.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Moon,  a  post-oflice  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ala.,  about 
75  miles  E..S.E.  of  lluntsville. 

New  Moorclield,  mOr'feold,  a  post-hamlet  in  Moore- 
Hold  township,  Clark  oo.,  0.,  on  tho  Cincinnati,  Cleveland 
A  Indianapolis  Railroad,  at  Moorefiold  Station,  7  miles 
N.K.  of  Smingliold.     It  has  2  stores. 

New  Moscow,  mos'ko,  a  post-hamlot  of  Coshocton  co., 
0.,  2l)  miles  N.  of  /anesvillc.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Mount  Plensnnt,  a  po.st-hamlct  of  Jay  oo., 
Ind..  about  22  miles  N.E.  of  Muncio.  It  has  2  churches. 
New  Mount  Pleas'aiV-,  a  village  of  Ohio,  j)artly  in 
Hocking  CO.  and  partly  in  Vinton  co.,  12  miles  S.  of  Logan. 
It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  (lour,  furniture,  and 
Wagims.     The  name  of  its  post-offlco  is  Swan.     Pop.  100. 

New  Munich,  mu'nik,  a  post-villago  in  Oak  township, 
Stoivrns  CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  Sauk  River,  and  on  tho  St.  Paul 
A  Pacilic  Itailroad,  5  miles  B.  of  Melrose,  and  27  miles  W. 
by  K.  of  St.  Cloud.     It  has  a  church  and  a  brewery. 


Now  Mnnster  Island.    See  Nkw  7,RA!.A!»n. 

New'nan,  a  |)o8t-village,  capital  of  C.weta  oo"  Qn. 
the  Atlanta  A  West  Point  Railroad,  at  its  Jnncti,>n  with' 
Savannah,  (Irillin  A  North  Alabama  Knilrouil  40  |„| 
8.8. W.  of  Atlanta,  nnd  30  milos  \V..V.W.  <jf  (Jriffin 
contains  a  court-house,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bni 
2  or  3  newspaper  offloes,  ■  ootlcm-factory,  a  seminary  cnl 
College  Temple,  and  6  ohurchos.     Pop.  |n  IHUO,  2869 

New  Nantucket,  a  former  name  of  Uakku  Ulahi 

Now'nnnville,  a  post-village  of  Aliichun  co.,  Khi 
miles   N.W.  of  (lainesvillo,  and   about  Oft  milM  S.W  ' 
Jacksonville.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  Rritl mill. 

Newn'liam,  a  town  and  parish  of  KiiKlsnd.  oo.  and 
miles  W.S.W.  of  (llouooster,  on  tho  Severn.     I'op.  \4S3 

New  Norfolk,  nor'f^k,  a  town  of  Tasmania,  on  i 
Dcrwont,  21  milos  N.W.  of  Ilobart  Town.     I'op.  870 

New  orfenbnrK,  a  post-homlet  in  St.  "fleneVli 
township,  St.  Ucnevieve  co.,  Mo.,  50  milos  S.  of  St.  Lou 

NCAV  Ohi'o,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rroome  eo.,  N.Y..  on 
Albany  A  Susquehanna  Railroad,  about  14  miles  N.i 
Rin^hamton.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Or'cgon,  a  tiost-hamlet  in  New  Oregon  town 
Howard  co.,  Iowa,  on  Turkey  River,  about  IS  iiiileit  \V. 
Decorah,  and  3  miles  S.S.W.  of  Crcsoo.     It  bos  a  llour-m 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1153. 

IVew  Oregon,  a  post-lmmlct  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  ab 
22  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Hulfalo.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Ork'ncy,  an  island  group  in  tho  .South  Atlao', 
200  miles  N.E.  of  South  Shetland,  nnd  S.E.  of  Cape  Ho, 
Chief  islands,  Pomona  and  Melville. 

New  Orleans,  or'lo-nnz  (Fr.  NouvrlU-Orliaui,  nc 
vflir-ou'l4'/>N»';   Oer.   S'l-n-Oileniiii,  noi-oii'lA-ilni),  a  c 
and  port  of  entry  of  tho  state  of   Louisiana,  the  oapil 
of  Orleans  parish^  and  tho  cotiimercial  nielropolia  of    i 
Oulf  States,  is  Mituatc<l  on  tlic  Mis.^issippi  River,  about  1' 
miles  above  its  delta.    It  is  about  70(1  miles  by  rail  S.  of  , 
Louis,  Mo.,  141  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Mobile,  Ala.,  nnd  3:i0  ml  i 
E.  of  Houston,  Te.x.    Lat.  of  custom-liousu,  29°  68'  N.;  I 
90°  5'  W.    As  a  port  of  entry.  New  Orleans  embraces  a  v 
territory,  including,  besides  its  own  j>ort,  the  ports  of  Pit 
burg.  Pa.,  Wheeling,  W.  Va.,  Louisville,  Ky..  Nashville  s 
Memphis,  Tenn.,  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  Cincinnati.  0.,  Evansvi 
Ind.,  Oulcna  and  Cairo,  III.,  Burlington  and  Dubuque,  loi 
La  Crosse,  AVis.,  and  Omaha,  Nob.,  which  are  ports  of  ^ 
livery  of  tho  customs-district  of  Now  Orleans.    N'cwOrlcii 
is  the  groat  cotton-market  of  tho  country,  ii">»t  of  thceoti 
of  Mississippi  and  a  large  part  of  that  of  Arkansas,  T< 
nessco,  Alabama,  and  Te.xivs  coming  hero  for  shipment ;  n 
it  is  the  groat  centre  of  the  commerce  of  the  entire  M 
sissippi  Valley. 

The  older  part  of  the  city  was  built  upon  tho  left  b» 
of  tho   Mississippi,  following  a  beml  of  the  river,  wh 
gave  it  a  crescent  shape, — whence  its  popular  m>briq> 
"  tho  Crescent  City."    Later,  its  growtli  up  tiie  river,  loll 
ing  an  outward  curve  of  tho  stream,  clianged  the  form  of 
city  on  tho  left  bank  nearly  to  that  of  an  S.     But  the  c 
has  been  enlarged  so  as  to  comprehend  nearly  all  of  Orlei 
parish  (excepting  only  a  number  of  small  i.-ilcts,  called  1 
Potiles  Coquilles,  in  Lake  Catharine,  between  Ponlch.irtn 
nnd   Borgno  Lakes),  nnd  parts  of  Jeirerscm  ond  Plaq 
mines  parishes,  including  Algiers  ond  (Jretna  on  tho  rij 
bank  of   tho  river.     The  statutory  nrca  of   New  Orlei 
is    not   far  from   150  square   miles;   but  a  large  jiart 
the  land  is  unreclaimed  marsh,  while  much  of  that  wh 
hns  been  drained  is  unimproved  in  the  way  of  building  :> 
that  tho  actual  city  covers  scarcely  40  squnre  milos.    1 
level  of  tho  lakes  N.  and  E.  of  the  city  is  about  15  feet  belf 
tho  high-water  level  of  tho  river;  tho  site  of  tho  northd 
or  main  portion  of  tho  city  slopes  gradually  from  the  lii 
front  towards  the  lakes.    In  consequence  of  the  sloping; 
tho  city,  which' at  tho  river-front  is  about  1  to  2  feet  I" 
tho  river-level  at  tho  spring  frctihcts,  is  alvout  4  feet  bcl 
in  its  N.  and  E.  sections,  and  from  the  built-up  port 
towards   the  lakes  there  arc  extended    tracts  of  swniii 
To  protect  tho  city  from   tho  annual   inundations  wh 
would  otherwise  be  inevitable,  there  has  been  constructw 
high,  broad  embankment,  called  a  levee,  extending  alo 
tho  city  front  and  for  200  miles  above  and  60  milt*  bcic 
and  a  similar  levee  has  been  built  along  and  around  tho  H' 
shore.     Tho  river  levees  are  15  feet  wide,  and  are  fini- 
along  tho  top  so  as  to  furnish  a  delightful  i)ronicnnil. 
favorable  weather.     The  lowncss  of  tho  city  level  rcii'i' 
drainage   difficult   and   costly;    the   usual  methods  bii 
quite  impracticable,  recourse  has  been  had  to  a  systctii 
street  canals,  with  6  powerful  stenm-pumps  of  42,00n,i 
gallons'  daily  capacity,  which  raise  and  expel  into  the  ]'■ 
ohartrain  all  refuse  water,  sewage,  and  seapage.    The  i; 


^ 


UEW 


1977 


NEW 


that  Now  Orleans  has  been  subject  at  intervals  to  epidemic 
fevers  h.xs  given  rise  to  a  general  reputation  of  unhealthi- 
ness*  but  a  careful  comparison  of  its  vital   statistics  with 
ilhoso  of  other  cities,  not  only  of  this  country  but  through- 
i)Ut  the  world,  shows  that  on  the  whole  it  is  not  exception- 
'iHy  unhealthy.     Even  in  the  record  of  its  epidemic  vis- 
itations there  is  strong  ground  for  hoping  that  they  will 
•case  in  consequence  of  more  effective  means  being  employed 
"or  protection,  the  result  of  intelligent  application  of  the 
cachings  of  experience.     Large  iron  pipes  are  now  being 
ail]  along  the  front  of  the  city,  from  which  to  keep  a  con- 
tiiiit  supply  of  water  flowing   through   the   canals   and 
trcct-guttors,  which  it  is  believed  will  greatly  improve  the 
lealth'of  the  city.    This  work  is  being  done  by  the  New 
)rl(;an3  Auxiliary  Sanitary  Association,  composed  of  prom- 
ncnt  merchants,  who  are  expending  a  large  sum,  raised  by 
oluntary  contributions,  in  sanitary  improvements. 
During  the  period  from  1797  to  the  present  time  there 
lave  been  some  30  epidemics,  of  which  18  occurred  during 
ho  first  45  years  and  the  others  since  1 842,  and  of  these  but 
or  4  have  occurred  since  1858.    Besides,  there  has  been  a 
till  more  marked  decrease  in  the  proportion  of  mortality 
compared  with  the  population,  the  death-rate  by  yellow 
er  having  been,— in  1847,  .023;  in  185.3,  .056;  in  1858, 
joO ;  in  1867,  .020  ;  in  1873,  .002  ;  and  in  1878,  .0017.     In 
)me  parts  of  New  Orleans  there  is,  at  certain  seasons,  a 
inJeucy  to  malarial  fever,  but  throughout  the  greater  part 

If  the  city  it  is  not  felt.     The  temperature  of  New  Orleans 
I  rarely  extreme,  the  average  maximum  for  the  year  being 
'i.?"  I'ahr.,  the  average  minimum  51.8°,  and  the  general 
I  rage  about  07°  to  68°;  the  mean  heightof  barometer  about 
;.ii()  inches.    The  streets  of  New  Orleans  mostly  run  nearly 
•ist  and  west  and  north  and  south,  generally  intersecting 
ine  another  at  right  angles,  except  in  the  upper  and  lower  ex- 
jmsions,  where  some  have  been  adapted  to  the  windings  of 
iic  river,  so  that  some  of  them  meet  and  diverge  at  strangely- 
( regular  intervals  and  are  intersected  at   very  different 
hglcs.  In  the  original,  or  French,  city,  the  streets,  with  the 
tcception  of  Royal,  Ilampart,  and  Esplanade  streets,  are  nar- 
"'VT,  generally  not  exceeding  40  feet  in  width;  but  those 
tl:c  portion  distinguished  as  the  American  city  are  broad 
1  exceedingly  handsome  thoroughfares.     Canal  is  the 
lin  business  street,  especially  for  the  retail  trade,  and  is 
favorite  promenade. 

Xcw  Orleans  is  not  notable  as  a  whole  for  either  the 
luty  or  the  grandeur  of  its  architecture,  a  fa<;t  Avhich 
ikes  more  conspicuous  the  few  really  handsome  and  im- 
ping edifices.  Among  the  important  buildings  of  a  more 
less  public  character  is  the  custom-house,  built  of  Quincy 
inite,  which  covers  an  area'of  about  85,000  square  feet, 
1  is  the  largest  edifice  in  this  country,  with  the  sole  ex- 
)tion  of  the  Capitol  at  Washington:  the  basement  is 
ed  up  and  used  for  the  post-office.     The  branch  mint  is 

0  a  large  building,  well  adapted  to  its  purposes.  The 
te-house  was,  until  1874,  a  famous  hotel,  known  as  the 

Louis.  The  city  hall  is  the  finest  building  in  the  city, 
liitccturally,  being  in  the  Ionic,  and  of  white  marble, 
addition  to  these  there  are  worthy  of  mention  the  parish 

1  municipal  court-houses,  the  city  and  parish  prisons,  the 
rehants'  exchange  (formerly  occupied  by  the  post-office), 

masonic  hall,  the  Odd-Fellows'  hall,  St.  Patrick's  Hall 
:   elegant  building),  Exposition  Hall,  the  mechanics'  in- 

utc,  the  Pontalba  Buildings,  and  about  130  church  odi- 

s,  besides   colleges,   school-houses,  hospitals,  asylums, 

rket-houses,  <fec. 

'be  imports  at  the  port  of  New  Orleans  average  in  value 
In  $10,000,000  to  $1.3,000,000  per  annum,  and  the  ex- 
i  U  from  $80,000,000  to  $90,000,000.  For  the  year  ending 
■iie  30,  1888,  the  value  of  the  former  was  $11,617,749 
lil  of  the  latter  $81,257,490.  The  principal  articles  im- 
l' ted  were  coffee  (value  $3,463,138),  phosphates  ($81,781 ), 
1  an.os  ($832,425),  cocoanuts  ($115,769^  india-rubber,  Ac. 
('  34,282),  silver  ores  ($114,61 5),  cement  ($185,619),  china- 
V  e  ($150,730),  sisal  grass,  Ac.  ($148,529),  bags  and  bag- 
H?  ($103,649),  burlaps  ($125,7.34),  lemons  and  oranges 
(■11,271),  pig  iron  ($204,197),  steel  railway  bars  ($601,- 
l(),  iron  cotton-ties,  hoops,  Ac.  ($292,409),  tinplates,  Ac. 
(119,307),  wire-rods,  Ac.  ($299,087),  lead  products  ($304,- 
i'U  rice  and  rice-meal  ($112,311),  sugar  ($1,250,880), 
tjicco  products  ($110,671),  still  wines  ($155,503).  The 
Picipal  exports  were  corn  ($2,620,956),  wheat  ($1,368,- 
an,  flour  ($203,992),  cotton  ($71,432,188),  oil-cake.  Ao. 
H547,941),  cottonseed  oil  ($1,024,521),  tobacco  ($811,- 
ii,  lumber  ($927,744),  Ac. 

riWory.—New  Orleans  was  settled  by  the  French  in 
'  •  In  1723  it  contained  about  100  cabins  and  a  popu- 
«"'n  not  oxoeeUing  200.  In  1769  occurred  the  first  visi 
125 


^ 


tation  of  the  yellow  fever,  which  was  introduced,  it  is  said, 
by  an  English  vessel  with  a  cargo  of  slaves  from  Africa 
March  21,  1778,  the  city  was  visited  by  a  fierce  conflagra- 
tion, which  destroyed  900  houses  and  a  vast  amount  of 
other  property.  In  1785,  New  Orleans  had  a  population  of 
4700.  In  1794  the  first  newspaper,  called  "  Le  Moniteur," 
was  published.  New  Orleans  was  conveyed  to  the  Span- 
ish in  1762,  rcconvcyed  to  the  French  in  1800,  and  in- 
cluded in  the  purchase  of  Louisiana  by  the  United  States 
in  1803.  At  this  time  it  contained  a  population  of  8000. 
New  Orleans  is  famous  in  history  as  the  place  designated  to 
become  the  seat  of  the  monarchy  intended  to  have  been 
established  by  the  treason  of  Aaron  Burr.  In  1804  it  was 
made  a  port  of  entry,  and  the  next  year  it  was  incorpor- 
ated as  a  city.  In  1810,  seven  years  after  it  was  received 
into  the  United  States,  its  population  had  increased  to 
17,242.  January  8,  1815,  General  Pakcnham,  comm.and- 
ing  the  English  forces,  made  an  attack  on  the  city,  ap- 
proaching it  through  Lakes  Borgne  and  Pontchartrain, 
and  was  signally  defeated  by  the  Americans  under  General 
Jackson.  It  was  not  till  after  peace  was  established  that 
New  Orleans  began  to  reap  the  full  advantages  of  steam 
navig.ation  on  the  Mississippi  and  to  hold  that  commercial 
pre-eminence  which  she  now  enjoys.  New  Orleans  was 
named  in  honor  of  the  Duke  of  Orleans,  regent  of  France 
during  the  minority  of  Louis  XV.  Pop.  in  1820,  27,176; 
in  1830,  46,310;  in  1840,  102,193;  in  1850,  126,375;  in 
1860,  168,675;  in  1870,  191,418;  in  1880,216,090;  in  1890, 
242,039. 

NcAV  Ox'ford,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  township, 
Adams  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Susquehanna,  Gettysburg  A  Poto- 
mac Railroad,  1 1  miles  E.  of  Gettysburg.  It  hivs  4  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  coaches,  cigars,  and  farming-impler 
ments.     Pop.  about  600. 

New  Paisley,  paz'lee,  a  village  in  Terrebonne  cc<,, 
Quebec,  3  miles  from  New  Glasgow.     Pop.  150. 

New  Palestine,  pal'es-ti«  or  pal'es-teen,  a  post-viU 
lage  of  Hancock  co.,  Ind.,  in  Sugar  Creek  township,  on 
Sugar  Creek,  and  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  A  India- 
napolis Railroad,  15  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has 
3  churches.  Pop.  about  400.  The  station  is  called  New 
Palestine,  and  the  name  of  the  post-office  is  Sugar  Creek. 

New  Palestine,  a  post-hamlct  of  Cooper  co.,  Mo.,  on 
the  Boonville  Branch  of  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  at 
Palestine  Station,  11  miles  S.  of  Boonville. 

Ne%V  Palestine,  Clermont  co.,  0.     See  Palestine. 

New  Palestine,  a  hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  0.,  in  Green 
township,  3i  miles  S.  of  Peraborton  Station.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  about  100.     Hero  is  Tawawa  Post-Office. 

New  Paltz,  a  post-village  in  Now  Paltz  township, 
Ulster  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  AVallkill  River,  and  on  the  Wallkill 
Valley  Railroad,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Kingston,  and  about  20 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Newburg.  It  contains  2  churches,  an 
academy,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  and  2  news- 
paper offices.     Pop.  425  ;  of  the  township,  1 943. 

NcAV  Par'is,  a  post-village  of  Elkhart  co.,  Ind.,  on 
Turkey  Creek,  and  on  the  Cincinnati,  Wabash  A  Michigan 
Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Goshen. 

New  Paris,  a  post-village  of  Preble  co.,  0.,  in  Jeffer- 
son township,  on  the  East  Fork  of  AVhitowater  River,  on 
the  railroad  which  connects  Dayton  with  Richmond,  and. 
on  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  35  miles 
AV.N.W.  of  Dayton,  and  6  miles  N.E.  of  Richmond,  Ind. 
It  has  mineral  springs,  a  high  school,  and  7  churches. 
Pop.  about  900. 

NCAV  Paris,  a  post-village  in  Napier  township,  Bed- 
ford CO.,  Pa.,  about  33  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Altoona.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  250. 

New  Park,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co.,  Pa.,  in  Fawn 
township,  5  miles  from  Muddy  Creek  Forks,  which  is  a 
railroad  station.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Pen'nington,  a  hamlet  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind.,  2 
miles  from  New  Point  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Per'lican,  a  post-town  on  Trinity  Bay,  New- 
foundland, 3  miles  N.  of  Heart's  Content.  The  inhabitants 
are  engaged  in  ship-building  and  farming,  as  well  as  in  the 
cod-fisheries.     Pop.  420. 

New  Perth,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co..  Prince  Edward 
Island,  8  miles  from  Georgetown.     Pop.  150. 

New  Pe'tersburg,  a  post-village  of  Highland  co.,  0., 
in  Paint  township,  about  30  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Chillicothe. 
It  has  a  church,  a  hotel,  and  an  Odd-Fellows'  hall.    P.  21C, 

New  Petersburg,  a  post-hamlct  of  Jefferson  co..  Pa., 
about  56  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

New  Philadel'phia,  a  post-hamlet  of  McDonough 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  A  Warsaw  Railroad,  54^ 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Peoria,     It  has  a  church. 


VIEW 


1978 


•NEW 


New  Philadelphia,  a  po«t-haml«t  of  Washington  oo., 
Ind.,  about  25  iiiilos  N.  of  Now  Albany.     It  has  a  tiinnory. 

New  Philadelphia,  a  poBt-villogo,  capital  of  Tua- 
wrawaii  co.,  0.,  in  GoHhon  township,  on  the  Tusonrawos 
River,  near  the  Ohio  Canal,  about  24  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
'Ointon,  100  inilos  by  railroad  S.  by  E.  of  Clovelund,  24 
miles  S.  of  Massillon,  and  93  miles  N.  of  Mariuttii.  It 
it  on  the  Lake  Shore  A  Tuscariiwas  Valley  lUilroad  and 
the  Marietta,  Pittsburg  &  Cleveland  llailroad,  and  is  a  ter- 
minus of  the  Tuscarawas  Branch  of  the  Cleveland  &,  I'itts- 
burs  Railroad.  It  has  7  churches,  a  national  bank,  3  other 
banksf  a  union  school,  8  newspaper  offices,  a  foundry,  2  plan- 
ing-mills,  a  woollon-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  agricultural 
miichiues.  Coal  and  iron  ore  abound  here.  I'up.  in  1880, 
8070;  in  1890,  44.')«. 

New  Philadelphia,  a  borough  in  Blytho  township, 
-Schuylkill  co.,  I'a.,  on  the  Sohuylkill  Valley  Iliiilroiul,  9 
■miles  N.E.  of  Pottsvillo.    It  hag  a  church.    Pop.  (1890)  562. 

New  Philadelphia,  a  hamlet  of  Wharton  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  San  Francisco  &  New  Orleans  Line  of  the  Southern 
Pacific  Company,  7;i  miles  W.  of  llouftton. 

New  Pine  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lake  oo.,  Oregon, 
about  15  miles  S.E.  of  Lakeview. 

New  Pitts'bur^,  a  po?t-hamlct  of  Randolph  oo.,  Ind., 
about  :{5  miles  N.  of  Richmond.     It  has  a  chiirub. 

New  Pittsburg,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  oo.,  0.,  in 
Chester  township,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Wooster,  and  about 
24  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mansfield.     It  has  2  churches. 

New  Pleas'ant  Grove,  post-office,  Lamar  co.,  Tex. 

New  Plymouth,  plim'uth,  n  post-hamlet  of  Vinton 
00.,  0.,  about  32  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Chillicotho. 

New  Plymouth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lunenburg  oo.,  Va., 
14  miles  S.  of  Burksville. 

New  Plymouth,  a  town  of  New  Zealand,  on  the  Vf. 
eoast  of  the  North  Island,  150  miles  S.S.W.  of  Auckland. 
It  is  connected  by  railway  with  Raleigh,  and  has  a  b.ank, 
2  newspapers,  and  several  manufactories.     Pop.  2600. 

New  Point,  a  post-village  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  <fc  Lafayette  Railroad,  9  miles  E. 
of  Orcensburg,  and  60  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has 
a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  2  stores. 

New  Point,  a  post-village  of  Holt  oo.,  Mo.,  1  mile  from 
the  Nodaway  River,  and  9  miles  N.E.  of  Forest  City.  It 
has  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  4  stores. 

New  Point  Com'fort,  Chesapeake  Bay,  the  N.  side 
of  the  entrance  to  Mobjack  Bay,  18  miles  N.  of  Old  Point 
Comfort,  Va.     On  it  is  a  fi.\ed  light,  60  feet  above  sea-level. 

Newport,  new'port  (L.  No'vtu  Bur'gwi),  a  town  of 
England,  co.  of  IIant«,  in  the  centre  of  the  Isle  of  Wight, 
of  which  it  is  the  capital,  on  the  Medina  River,  17  miles 
6.S.E.  of  Southampton.  A  railway  connects  it  with  Cowes 
and  Rydo.  It  has  an  ancient  church,  in  which  was  buried 
Elizabeth,  daughter  of  Charles  I.,  a  town  hall,  a  fine  church, 
a  grammar-school,  founded  by  James  I.,  a  museum,  guild 
hall  and  market-house,  borough  and  county  jail,  2  assem- 
Wy-rooras,  a  neat  theatre,  an  excellent  public  library,  lit- 
«rary  and  mechanics'  institutions,  2  or  3  banks,  and  a 
manufactory  of  lace.  Newport  is  famous  for  its  agricultural 
implements.  In  the  vicinity  is  the  grand  military  depot 
of  Parkhurst  Barracks,  now  a  national  model  prison,  and 
opposite  to  it  a  largo  house  of  industry.  Quarter  sessions 
are  held  here,  also  an  ancient  governor's  court.  Newport 
■ends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons.     P.  10,217. 

•  Ne'Wport,  a  borough-town  of  EngUvnd,  co.  of  Mon- 
mouth, on  the  Usk,  about  4  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  at 
the  junction  of  several  railways,  24  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mon- 
mouth. The  chief  buildings  are  the  ancient  parish  church, 
the  ruined  castle  built  by  Robert  Fitzroy,  rcmiiins  of  a  mon- 
astery, a  union  workhouse,  and  .several  schools  and  chapels. 
It  has  magnificent  docks  and  wharves,  with  j-ards  for  ship- 
building, iron-foundries,  and  an  immense  export  trade  in 
4oal,  iron,  and  tin.  The  port  is  accessible  to  large  vessels. 
The  borough  unites  with  Monmouth  and  Usk  in  sending 
one  member  to  Parliament.  It  is  the  see  of  a  Roman 
Catholic  bishop.     Pop.  (1891)  54,695. 

Newport,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Salop,  on  the 
Strine,  17  miles  E.N.E.  of  Shrewsbury.  Pop.  2675.  It  has 
a  branch  bank,  and  considerable  malt-works,  and  in  the 
vicinity  are  mines  of  coal  and  iron.  It  is  connected  by 
eanals  with  Shrewsbury,  Birmingham,  and  Liverpool. 

Newport,  a  village  of  Scotland,  on  the  Firth  of  Tay, 
opposite  Dundee.     Pop.  1507. 

•  NeAVport,  a  town,  Netherlands.     See  NircwpooRT. 
Newport,  a  town  of  Wales,  co.  of  Pembroke,  on  the 

Irish  Sea,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Fishguard.  Its  bay,  of  the 
lame  name,  forms  an  excellent  harbor.  The  chief  imports 
•re  coal  and  timlier.     Pop.  of  parish,  1619. 


New'port,  the  most  southeastern  county  of  Rhodi 
Island,  has  an  area  of  about  100  square  miles.  It  com- 
prises, besides  a  jwrtion  of  the  mainland,  which  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  Narragansctt  Bay,  2  islands  which  are  in  (luU 
bay  and  are  called  Canonicut  and  Rhode  iHlnnd.  On  Ihi 
latter  is  a  very  fashionable  watering-place.  The  surface  ii 
finely  diversified.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Hay,  Indian  corn 
oats,  butter,  and  wool  are  the  staple  products.  This  count) 
has  mines  of  anthracite  coal.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Old 
Colony  Railroad  and  the  Newport  A  Wickford  Railroad 
both  of  which  connect  with  Newport,  the  capital,  pop  ig 
1870,  20,050;  in  1880,  24,180;  in  1890,  28,552. 

Newport,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Ark.,  on  lh« 
White  River,  and  on  the  Cairo  4  Fulton  Railroad,  83  mila 
N.E.  of  Little  Rock.  It  has  a  newspaper  olBce  and  man» 
factures  of  lumber  and  brooms. 

Newport,  Los  Angeles  co.,  Cal.,  is  on  Newport  Bay 
Pacific  Ocean,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Santa  Ana.  Here  is  a  land 
ing-plooe. 

Newport,  a  post-village  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  oi 
Christiana  Creek,  and  on  the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  I 
Baltimore  Railroad,  4  miles  W.S.W.  of  Wilmington.  I 
has  4  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  rolling-mill. 

Newport,  a  hamlet  of  Bond  co..  III.,  about  14  miles  W 
of  'V'andalia.     Here  is  Woburn  Post-Office. 

Newport,  a  post-township  of  Lake  co..  111.,  about  1( 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Waukegan.  Pop.  1289,  It  is  intersect* 
by  the  Des  Plaines  River. 

Newport,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Vermilion  oo.,  Ind. 
is  in  Vermilion  township,  on  Little  Vermilion  River,  am 
on  the  Evansville,  Torre  Haute  &  Chicago  Railroiul,  1  mil 
AV.  of  the  Wabiish  River,  31  miles  N.  of  Terro  Haute,  an< 
24  miles  S.S.E.  of  Danville,  111.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank 
a  money-order  post-office,  and  a  newspaper  oflice.    Pop.  59) 

Newport,  a  village  in  New  Garden  township,  Wayn 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Richmond  <fe  Fort  Wayne  Kail 
road,  9  miles  N.  of  Richmond.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bigl 
school,  (fee.     Pop.  343.     Here  is  Fountain  City  Post-Office, 

Newport,  a  post-township  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa,  abou 
4  miles  N.  of  Iowa  City,  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  low; 
River.     Pop.  746. 

Neivport,  a  city,  the  onpital  of  Campbell  co.,  Ky.,  \ 
situated  on  the  Ohio  River,  opposite  Cincinnati,  and  o' 
the  E.  bank  of  the  Licking  River,  which  separates  it  fret 
Covington  and  here  enters  the  Ohio.  It  is  99  miles  N.  o 
Lexington,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  the  Kentuek; 
Central  Railroad,  and  is  a  terminus  of  the  Louisville,  Gin 
cinnati  <t  Lexington  Railroad.  An  iron  railrond-bridg 
across  the  Ohio  connects  Newport  with  Cincinnati,  and 
suspension-bridge  over  the'  Licking  River  connects  th 
former  city  with  Covington.  This  city  is  pleasantly  situ 
ated,  and  cont.ains  numerous  handsome  residences,  9  or  1 
churches,  a  high  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  banks,  n 
iron-foundry,  several  steam-mills,  and  2  large  rolling-milli 
Newport  was  in  1870  the  third  city  of  the  state  in  popula 
tion.     Pop.  in  1880,  20.433;  in  1890,  24,918. 

Newport,  a  post-office  of  Winn  parish.  La. 

Newport,  a  post-village  in  Newport  township,  Pcnob 
scot  CO.,  Me.,  on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  at  the  June 
tion  of  the  Dexter  Branch,  27  miles  W.  of  Biingor.  It  ba 
2  churches,  a  savings-bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  shoe 
factory.  Here  is  a  lake,  called  Newport  Pond,  15  miles  i 
circuit.     Pop.  of  the  township,  II 88. 

Newport,  a  post-hamlet  of  Charles  co.,  Md.,  about  5 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Annapolis.     It  has  2  churches. 

Newport,  a  post-village  in  Berlin  township,  Monrr 
CO.,  Mich.,  near  Lake  Erie,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore 
Michigan  Southern  and  Chicago  &  Canada  Southern  lUi 
roads,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Monroe,  and  33  miles  S.  by  W.  ( 
Detroit.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  and  manufactan 
of  baskets,  flour,  staves.  <tc.     I'op.  400. 

Newport,  a  post-village  in  Newport  township.  Was! 
ington  CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Mississippi  Rive 
and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Kailroiul,  S  mill 
below  St.  Paul.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a tav 
mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  300. 

Newport,  a  post-hamlet  of  Attala  co.,  Miss.,  6  mili 
E.  of  Sallis  Station,  and  50  miles  N.N.E.  of  Jackson. 

Newport,  Barton  co..  Mo.     See  Horsk  Cukkk. 

Newport,  Franklin  co..  Mo.    See  Dundkr. 

Newport,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Sullivan  oo.,  N.U 
in  Newport  township,  on  the  Concord  A  Clarcmont  Kail 
road,  43  miles  W.N.W.  of  Concord,  and  1 1  miles  E.  fl 
Clarcmont.  It  has  4  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  now) 
paper  office,  a  high  school,  and  extensive  manufactures  < 
flannels.     Pop.  of  the  township.  2623. 

Newp&rt,  a  post-village  in  Downc  township,  Cumbo 


NEW 


1979 


NEW 


ud  CO.,  N.J.,  11  miles  from  Newport  Station  of  the  Bridge- 
un  i,  Port  Norris  Railroad,  and  10  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Bridgo- 
on.    It  lias  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  <fcc. 
Newport,  a  post-village  in  Newport  township,  Herki- 
ler  CO.  N.Y.,  on  West  Canada  Creek,  about  14  miles  N.E. 
f  Utica,  and  10  miles  N.  of  Herkimer.     It  contains  a 
faded  school,  4  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper 
ffice  a  tannery,  a  cheese-factory,  a  grist-mill,  a  machine- 
jop,' <fco.     Pop.  651 ;  of  the  township,  1792. 
[Newport,  a  post-village  of  Carteret  co.,  N.C.,  near  the 
ija-coast,  and  on  the  Atlantic  <fc  North  Carolina  Railroad, 
6  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Newbern,     It  has  2  churches  and  an 
Ijadeiny.     Pop.  230;  of  Newport  township,  1182. 
''Newport,  a  hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  0.,  about  28  miles 
'.S.W.  of  Columbus.     Here  is  Walnut  Run  Post-Oflice. 
Newport,  a  decayed  village  of  Portage  co.,  0.,  about 
)  miles  E.  of  Ravenna. 

Newport,  or  Wynant,  a  village  of  Shelby  co,,  0.,  in 
riithiana  township,  on  the  Miami  &  Erie  Canal,  40  miles 
.  of  Dayton.  Pop.  307.  Here  is  Wynant  Post-OfBce. 
Newport,  a  post-village  in  Newport  township,  Wa^h- 
."■ton  CO.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  16  miles  above  Marietta, 
"has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  a  tobacco- 
jotory,  Ac.  Pop.  about  150;  of  the  township,  2002. 
Newport,  a  post-village  of  Benton  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
cifio  Ocean,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Yaquina  River,  70  miles 
of  Albany.  It  has  manufactures  of  lumber,  also  a  good 
lirborand  a  light-house. 

Newport,  a  village  in  Big  Beaver  township,  Lawrence 
.,  Pa.,  on  the  Beaver  River,  and  on  the  New  Castle  Branch 
lilroad,  8  miles  S.  of  New  Castle.  It  has  a  church.  Here 
Irish  Ripple  Post-Office.  Pop.  about  400. 
{Newport,  a  township  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.  It  has  im- 
rtant  coal-mines.  Pop.  1279.  Newport  Railroad  Station 
iin  the  borough  of  Wanamie  (which  see),  on  the  Lehigh 
lillcy  Railroad,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Wilkesbarre. 
Newport,  a  post-borough  in  Oliver  township.  Perry  co., 
„  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Juniata  River,  and  on  the 
nnsylvania  Railroad,  28  miles  N.W.  of  Ilarrisburg,  and 
luiles  N.E.  of  Bloomfield.  It  has  3  banks,  a  newspaper 
ce,  5  churches,  2  steam  tanneries,  an  iron-furnace,  a 
ning-mill,  a  large  flour-mill,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  2 
ick-yards.     Pop.  in  1890,  1417. 

Newport,  a  port  of  entry,  fashionable  watering-place, 
1  li-capital  of  Rhode  Island,  and  capital  of  Newport  co., 
-ituated  on  the  beautiful  Narragansett  Bay,  and  on  the 
shore  of  the  island  of  Rhode  Island,  about  5  miles  from 
;,  ocean,  26  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Providence,  and  68  miles  by 
IroadS.  of  Boston.  Lat.  41°  29' N. ;  Ion.  71°  19'  12"  W. 
Jhas  a  good  harbor,  which  is  capacious,  safe,  easy  of  ac- 
()!,  and  deep  enough  for  the  largest  ships.  The  harbor 
iflcfended  by  Fort  Adams,  a  granite  fortress  of  great  size 
S.  strength,  which  mounts  468  guns  and  is  located  on 
Inton's  Point,  about  2  miles  S.AV.  of  the  city.  The  cli- 
•  0  of  Newport  is  commended  for  mildness  and  equa- 
lity, and  is  probably  modified  by  the  Gulf  Stream.  Its 
l|ny  atmosphere,  varied   scenery,  and  fine  facilities  for 

Sling  and  boating  have  rendered  it  one  of  the  most 
.  .ionable  watering-places  in  the  United  States.  Many 
vjltljy  citizens  of  Boston,  New  York,  and  Philadelphia  have 
eHed  cottages  and  palatial  villas  here,  and  there  are  also 
ajuinbcr  of  large  hotels.  The  magnificent  steamboats 
fl pb  ply  between  New  York  and  Fall  River  touch  at  New- 
p}  every  day.  Other  steamboats  run  several  times  a  day 
tii  rovidence.  This  city  is  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Old  Col- 
oi  Railroad.  It  contains  a  brick  state-house,  a  custom- 
hj  10,  a  city  hall,  an  academy  of  music,  16  churches,  a  syn- 
a,j;uc,  2  public  libraries,  5  national  banks,  3  savings-banks, 
tt| printing-offices  which  issue  1  daily  and  2  weekly  news- 
Pps.  Here  is  Trinity  church,  in  which  the  eminent 
Pjjsophcr  Berkeley  preached  about  1730.  Among  the 
nlirkable  institutions  is  the  Redwood  Library,  which  has 
ajj  t  20,000  volumes  and  many  paintings,  in  a  handsome 
D[8  edifice.  Newport  has  a  public  park,  named  Touro 
P|;,  on  which  stands  an  ancient  building  called  the 
Ivid  Tower,  or  Old  Stone  Mill.  This  place  was  set- 
•';  in  1638,  and  was  one  of  the  chief  commercial  cities  of 
>  England  before  the  Revolution.  The  population  in 
I  was  about  12,000.  The  war  of  independence  ruined 
itiiimmerce,  and  nearly  depopulated  this  town,  which  has 
n«:  recovered  its  commercial  importance.  William  Ellery 
Hning  was  born  here  in  1780.  Newport  has  manufac- 
'0  of  cotton  goods,  brass,  copper,  fish  oil,  flour,  Ac.  Pop. 
in' 70,  12,521;  in  1880,  15,693;  in  1890,  19,457. 

'Wport,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cocke  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
th  ;ig  Pigeon  River,  and  on  the  Cincinnati,  Cumberland 
"si  Charleston  Railroad,  50  miles  E.  of  Knoxville.     It 


has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  masonic  institute, 
and  a  flour-mill.      Pop.  in  1890,  658. 

Newport,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co.,  Tex.,  72  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Fort  Worth.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  3  stores. 

Newport,  a  post-village  in  Newport  township,  Orleans 
CO.,  Vt.,  on  the  W.  shore  of  Lake  Memphremagog,  near  its 
S.  end,  on  the  Passumpsic  Railroad,  and  on  the  Southeast- 
ern Railroad  of  Canada,  44  miles  N.  of  St.  Johnsbury.  It 
is  surrounded  by  beautiful  scenery.  Steamboats  ])ly  ber 
tween  Newport  and  the  N.  end  of  the  lake.  It  contains  4 
churches,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  ofiice,  a  first- 
class  hotel  which  can  accommodate  300  guests,  and  other 
hotels.  It  has  manufactures  of  boots,  shoes,  and  lumber. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1730;  of  the  township,  3047. 

Newport,  a  post-hamlet  of  Giles  co.,  Va.,  16  miles  N. 
of  Christiansburg.     It  has  a  church  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Newport,  a  hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Monongahela,  6  miles  below  Fairmont.     It  has  a  church. 

Newport,  a  township  of  Columbia  co.,  Wis.  Pop.  1721. 
It  contains  Kilbourn. 

NeAVport,  a  post-village  in  Brant  co.,  Ontario,  on  Grand 
River,  3i  miles  from  Brantford.     It  contains  3  stores. 

Newport,  a  post-village  in  Gasp6  co.,  Quebec,  on  the 
Bay  of  Chaleurs,  37  miles  from  Perce.     Pop.  200. 

Newport,  or  Brooklyn,  a  thriving  post-village  in 
Hants  CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  6  miles  from  Newport  Station.  It 
has  a  church,  2  grist-mills,  a  saw-mill,  2  tanneries,  a  boot- 
and  shoe-factory,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  400. 

New  Port'age,  a  post-hamlet  of  Summit  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Atlantic  <fc  Great  Western  Railroad,  the  Ohio  Canal,  and 
the  Cleveland,  Mount  Vernon  &  Columbus  Railroad,  6  miles 
S.W.  of  Akron.     It  has  a  church. 

Newport  Centre,  a  hamlet  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Newport  township,  2  miles  from  Morse  Station. 

Newport  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Newport  township,  on  the  Southeastern  Railroad,  7i  miles 
N.W.  of  Newport.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Newport  Corner,  a  post-village  in  Hants  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  2  miles  from  Ellershausen.  It  contains  2  stores  and 
a  saw-mill.     Pop.  100. 

New  Port'land,  a  post-village  in  New  Portland  town- 
ship, Somerset  co..  Me.,  on  an  afiiuent  of  the  Kennebec, 
20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Skowhegan.  It  has  2  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  lumber.  The  township  contains  a  village 
named  North  New  Portland.     Pop.  of  township,  1454. 

Newport  Landing,  or  Avondale,  a  town  of  Nova 
Scotia,  CO.  of  H.ants,  on  an  arm  of  Minas  Basin,  3  miles  from 
Windsor.     Ship-building  is  carried  on  here.     Pop.  500. 

Newport  News,  Virginia,  a  point  of  land  near  the 
mouth  of  James  River,  about  7  miles  above  Fortress  Mon- 
roe.    It  is  on  the  N.  side  of  Hampton  Roads. 

New'port-Pag'nell,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Buck- 
ingham, on  the  Ouse,  4  miles  E.N.E.  of  Wolverton.  It  has 
manufactures  of  lace.     Pop.  3655. 

Newport  Pratt,  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Mayo,  8  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Castlebar.     Pop.  851. 

Newport  Rivers,  Nouth  and  South,  two  small  streams 
of  Liberty  co.,  Ga.,  flowing  into  St.  Catharine's  Sound. 

Newport  Station,  a  seaport  town  of  Nova  Scotia,  co. 
of  Hants,  on  the  Avon  River,  opposite  Falmouth,  and  on  a 
railway,  39  miles  N.N.W.  of  Halifax.     Pop.  100. 

Newport  Tip,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Tipperary,  oa 
the  Mulkern,  9i  miles  N.E.  of  Limerick.     Pop.  1013. 

New'portville,  a  post-village  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  in 
Bristol  township,  on  Neshaminy  Creek,  2i  miles  N.W.  of 
Bristol.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  carriage-shop.    Pop.  300, 

New  Prague,  prag,  a  post-ofiice  of  Fayette  co.,  Tex. 

New  Prairie,pra'ree,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pope  CO.,  Minn., 
on  the  Chippewa,  12  miles  E.  of  Morris.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Pres'ton,  a  post-villiige  in  Washington  township, 
Litchfield  CO.,  Conn.,  on  the  outlet  of  Waramaug  Pond,  and 
on  the  Shepaug  Railroad,  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Litchfield, 
and  about  40  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Hartford.  White  marble 
is  quarried  near  this  village.  It  contains  an  academy,  a 
church,  a  seminary,  and  a  twine-factory. 

New  Pros'pect,  a  hamlet  of  Hale  co.,  Ala.,  2  miles 
from  Akron  Railroad  Station.     It  has  1  or  2  churches. 

New  Prospect,  a  post-office  of  Forsyth  co.,  Ga. 

New  Prospect,  a  hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  Ind.,  8  miles 
W.  of  Paoli.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Prospect,  a  post-hamlet  of  Winston  co..  Miss., 
about  50  miles  W.S.W.  of  Columbus.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  steam-raill. 

New  Prospect,  a  hamlet  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Philadelphia  &  Baltimore  Central  Railroad,  1  mile  from 
Oxford. 

New  Prospect,  a  post-hamlet  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C., 


NEW 


1980 


NEW 


15  mllM   S.W.  of  Spartanburg  Court-HouB«.     It  has  2 
ohurchcs  and  a  high  aohool. 

New  Prospect,  a  post-offloe  of  Union  oo.,  Tenn. 

New  Prospcctf  a  post-hamlet  in  Auburn  townRhip, 
Fond  du  Lao  oo.,  Wia.,  about  20  miloa  S.E.  of  Fond  du  Lac. 
It  has  a  church. 

Now  Prov'idence,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crenahaw  co., 
Ala.,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Troy.  It  has  2  or  3  churches  and  a 
high  school. 

Now  Providence,  a  township  of  Qreene  oo.,  III.  Pop. 
80.     It  oontains  Bordan. 

New  Providence,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarice  co.,  Ind., 
nt  Providence  Station  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  A 
Chicago  Railroad,  18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Now  Albany.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  stave-factory. 

New  Providence,  a  post-village  in  Providence  town- 
ship, Hardin  co.,  Iowa,  about  22  miles  N.W.  of  Marshall- 
town.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

New  Providence,  a  post-hamlot  of  Calloway  co.,  Ky., 
20  miles  N.  of  Paris,  Tenn.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Providence,  a  post-villago  and  township  of 
Union  oo.,  N.J.,  on  the  Passaic  River,  and  on  the  New 
Jersey  West  Line  Railroad,  about  12  miles  W.  of  Elizabeth. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  934. 

NewProvidence,a  post-hamlct  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa., 
ion  the  railroad  between  Lancaster  and  Quarryville,  12  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Lancaster.   It  has  a  church  and  a  woollen-factory. 

New  Providence,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Cumberland  Kiver,  2  miles  below  Claries villo. 
It  has  a  bank,  3  churches,  and  a  flour-mill. 

New  Providence,  the  most  important  of  the  B.ahama 
Islands,  between  Eleuthera  and  Andros.  Lat.  25°  5'  N. ; 
Jon.  77°  21'  W.  It  is  17  miles  long,  is  mostly  flat,  and 
covered  with  brush-wood  and  extensive  lagoons.  On  the 
N.  side  is  tho  town  of  Nassau,  the  scat  of  government  of 
the  B.ahamas.  New  Providence  was  colonized  by  the  Eng- 
lish in  1629,  but  they  were  expelled  by  the  Spaniards  in 
1641.  It  subsequently  fell  again  into  the  hands  of  the 
'^English,  and  was  again  taken  by  tho  Spaniards,  but  was 
eventually  restored  to  the  former  at  tho  peace  of  1783. 

New  Quay,  kC,  a  town,  bathing-place,  and  railway 
terminus  of  England,  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  Cornwall,  10 
miles  N.  of  Truro.     Pop.  1121. 

NcAV  Qnay,  a  small  seaport  of  Wales,  co.  and  on  the 
Bay  of  Cardigan,  15  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Lampeter.    Pop.  1421. 

New  Reading,  red'ing,  a  hamlet  in  Reading  town- 
'ship,  Perry  co.,  0.,  3  miles  from  Somerset  Station,  and  about 
20  miles  S.  of  Newark.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  95. 

New  Kich'land,  a  post-township  of  Waseca  co.,  Minn., 
about  40  miles  S.E.  of  Mankato.     Pop.  671. 

New  Richland,  a  post-hamlot  in  Richland  township, 
Logan  CO.,  0.,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Sandusky  &  Cleveland 
Railroad,  at  Richland  Station,  10  miles  N.  of  Bellefontaine. 

New  Rich'mond,  a  post-hamlet  in  Coal  Creek  town- 
ihip,  Montgomery  co.,  Ind.,  18  miles  S.AV.  of  Lafayette. 

New  Richmond,  Allegan  co.,  Mich.     See  Richmond. 

New  Richmond,  a  post-village  in  Ohio  township, 
Clermont  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  20  miles  above  Cin- 
cinnati. It  is  the  most  populous  village  in  the  county.  It 
has  8  churches,  a  newspaper  oflBce,  a  national  bank,  a  union 
eohool,  a  town  hall,  a  distillery,  a  steam  saw-mill,  tv  foundry, 
'a  woollen-factory,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  2379. 

New  Richmond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co..  Pa., 
11  or  12  miles  N.E.  of  Meadville.     It  has  a  church. 

NeAV  Richmond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Summers  co.,  W. 
Va.,  on  the  Chesapeake  A  Ohio  Railroad,  about  87  miles 
S.E.  of  Charleston. 

•^New  Richmond,  a  post-rillago  of  St.  Croix  co..  Wis., 
Iff  Richmond  township,  on  Willow  River,  and  on  the  North 
'Wisconsin  Railroad,  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Hudson.  It  has  2 
newspaper  offices,  3  churches,  <fec.  Pop.  in  1890,  1408. 
■  New  Rich'mond,  a  seaport  in  Bonaventure  co.,  Que- 
■b<?e,  on  the  Bay  of  Ctaleurs,  53  miles  E.N.E.  of  Campbell- 
ton,  New  Brunswick.  It  has  a  largo  trade  in  lumber  and 
fish,  £.nd  contains  10  stores  and  a  hotel.     Pop.  250. 

NcAV  Riegel,  ree'gh§l,  a  village  of  Seneca  co.,  0., 
in  Big  Spring  township,  about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Tiffin,  and 
2  miles  AV.  of  the  Cincinnati,  Sandusky  &  Cleveland  Rail- 
'road.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  236. 

New  Ring'gold,  a  post-village  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Little  Schuylkill  Railroad,  about  9  miles  S.  by  W. 
of  Tamaqua.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

New  River,  Alabama.    See  Sipset  River. 
'     New  River,  Louisiana,  flows  into  Lake  Maurepas  from 
the  W. 

New  River,  North  Carolina,  a  small  stream  which  runs 
'•outhward  in  Onslow  co.  and  enters  the  Atlantic  Oceai. 


New  River,  Beaufort  co.,  8.C.,  runs  nearly  tout 
ward,  and  enters  the  Atlantic  Ocean  about  7  miles  N.E. 
the  mouth  of  the  Savannah  River. 

New  River,  Virginia.    See  Orf.at  Kasawha. 

New  River,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Ala. 

New  River,  a  post-village  of  Ascension  parish,  Li 
on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Mississippi  River,  about  26  mUe*  I 
the  road  S.S.E.  of  Baton  Rouge. 

New  River,  a  hamlet  in  Huron  township,  Huron  « 
Mich.,  80  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bay  City.  It  has  manufuctur 
of  lumber  and  salt. 

New  River,  a  post-hamlct  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.C.,  i 
the  New  River,  35  miles  S.S.E.  of  Marion,  Va. 

New  River,  a  stivtion  in  Butler  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cinoi 
noti,  Hamilton  A,  Dayton  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  t 
branch  to  Richmond,  Ind.     It  is  3  miles  N.  of  Hamilton 

New  River,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  Tenn. 

New  River  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Pulaski  co.,  Vi 
near  the  New  River,  and  on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi 
Ohio  Railroad,  98  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Lynchburg.  It  bai 
churches. 

New  River  Falls,  a  station  in  Summers  co.,  W.  Vi 
on  the  New  River,  and  on  tho  Chesapeake  A  Ohio  Railros 
9  miles  N.  of  Hinton. 

New  River  White  Sulphur  Springs.  SoeEooLi 
ton's  SrniNGs. 

New  Road,  a  post-office  of  Colleton  co.,  S.C. 

New  Roads,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Point  Coop6opi 
ish,  Ln.,  situated  about  4  miles  S.  of  tho  Mississippi  I{iv 
25  miles  (direct)  N.  by  W.  of  Baton  Rouge.  It  Ims  2  net 
paper  offices  and  general  stores.  Cotton  and  sugar-en 
are  grown  in  this  district.     Pop.  about  600. 

New  Roclielle,  ro-shell',  a  post-village  in  New  P 
chelle  township,  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Long  Inla 
Sound,  and  on  the  New  York,  New  Haven  &  Ilarlford  Kb 
road,  nt  the  junction  of  the  Harlem  River  Branch,  18  mi 
N.E.  of  New  York.  It  contains  many  beautiful  villaii, 
churches,  a  savings-bank,  and  a  manufactory  of  druggii 
scales.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  P( 
in  1890,  8217;  of  the  township,  9057. 

New  Roch'ester,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wood  co.,  0., 
Portage  River,  about  22  miles  S.  of  Toledo.  It  has  a  churj 

New  Rockfbrd,  Indiana.    Sec  RocKFono.  ' 

New  Roe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allen  co.,  Ky.,  about 
miles  S.  of  Bowling  Green.     Pop.  145. 

New  Rome,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sibley  co.,  Minn., 
miles  W.  of  Henderson.     It  has  a  church  and  a  store. 

New  Rome,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co..  Wis., 
miles  S.  of  Grand  Rapids.     It  has  flour-  and  saw-mills. 

New  Ross,  a  post-village  in  Walnut  township,  Moi 
gomery  co.,  Ind.,  on  Raccoon  Creek,  and  on  the  Indiana 
olis,  liloomington  A  AVestern  Railroad,  33  miles  AV.N.' 
of  Indianapolis.  It  has  a  graded  school,  2  churches,  a  sa 
mill,  a  grist-mill,  Ac. 

New  Ross,  a  post-village  in  Dundas  co.,  Ontario, 
miles  from  Iroquois.     Pop.  120. 

New  Ross  Road,  a  post-villago  in  Kings  co.,  Vc 
Scotia,  on  Salmon  Tail  River,  20  miles  from  Kentville. 

New  Rum'Icy,  a  post-hamlct  in  Ilumlcy  townsh 
Harrison  co.,  0.,  about  36  miles  S.S.E.  of  Canton.  T 
township  has  3  churches  and  a  graded  school. 

New  Russia,  rush'a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  N. 
on  tho  Boquet  River,  12 'miles  AV.S.AV.  of  Westport.  It  1, 
a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

New  Rutland,  La  Salle  co.,  HI.    See  Rutland.     | 

Newry,  nu'ree,  a  borough  and  town  of  Ireland,  coi. 
Down  and  Armagh,  on  the  Newry  AVater,  6  miles  above 
mouth  in  Carlingford  Bav,  and  at  a  railway  junction, 
miles  S.AV.  of  Belfast.  It  has  2  handsome  churches, 
Roman  Catholic  chapels,  a  convent,  a  preparatory  scmma 
a  town  hall,  2  jails,  barracks,  a  workhouse,  assembly-rooi 
a  custom-house,  a  court-hou?c,  and  a  market-house.  1 
principal  exports  are  linen,  grain,  provisions,  cattle,  eg 
and  butter,  chiefly  to  Enghmd,  but  it  trades  also  with  iSoi 
America,  the  Baltic,  and  tho  Levant.  The  borough  scna. 
member  to  Parliament.     Pop.  (1891)  13,211. 

New'ry,a  hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Ind.,  in  Aemon  tov 
ship,  5  miles  from  Langdon's  Stntion. 

Newry,  a   post-township   of  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  on 
Androscoggin  River,  about  44  miles  ^'■'^^'-  »f  ''""'" ' 
Pop.  416.     Newry  Post-Office  is  6  miles  N.  of  lictbcl. 

NcAvry,  a  post-township  of  Freeborn  co.,  Minn,  r  ■ 
717.     Newry  Post-Office  is  12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Austin. 

Newry,  a  post-borough  in  Blair  to«"^^'P' ^  iiL'lI 
Pa.,  12  miles  i.  of  Altoona,  and  4  miles  S.W.  of  Hoi  Id* 
burg.  It  is  the  S.  terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  Pennsylva' 
Railroad.     It  has  2  churches,  a  hotel,  a  flour-mill,  *c. 


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!  NcAVry,  a  post-office  of  Vernon  co.,  Wis. 

Newryj  a  post-village  in  Perth  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
Wellington,  Grey  &  Bruce  Kailway,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Pal- 
joereton.    Pop.  100.  t,       „         „ 

!  New  Saint  Louis,  a  post-office  of  East  Baton  Rouge 
iiarish.  La. 

i  New  Salem,  Edwards  co..  111.    See  West  Salem. 
;  New  Sa'lem,  a  township  of  McDonough  co.,  111.    Pop. 
233.    It  contains  Adair. 

!  New  Salem,  a  post-village  in  New  Salem  township, 
''iko  CO.,  111.,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  37  miles  W.  of 
Jacksonville,  and  30  miles  E.  of  Hannibal,  Mo.     It  has  3 
Ihurches  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  316  ;  of  township,  1418. 
New  Salem,  a  post-village  in  Noble  township.  Rush 
).,  Ind.,  7  miles  S.B.  of  Rushville,  and  about  34  miles 
.W.  of  Richmond.     It  has  3  stores. 
New  Salem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas,  40 
iles  S.E.  of  Wichita,     It  has  a  church. 
New  Salem,  a  post-township  of  Franklin  co.,  Mass., 
1  tlio  SpringGeld,  Athol  &  Northeastern  Railroad,  40  miles 
.N.E.  of  Springfield.     It  contains  hamlets  named  Mil- 
awton,  North  New  Salem,  and  New  Salem.     Pop.  987. 
'New  Salem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich., 
j)Out  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Grand  Rapids.     It  has  a  church. 
INew  Salem,  a  post-village  in  New  Scotland  township, 
Ibany  co.,  N.Y.,  about  12  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Albany.     It 
lis  2  churches  and  a  wagon-factory.     Pop.  219. 
New  Salem,  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.     See  Farmi.vgtov. 
New  Salem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C.,  in 
BW  Salem  township,  about  70  miles  W.  of  Raleigh.     It 
Ls  a  Friends'  meeting.     Pop.  of  the  township,  931. 
fiNew  Salem,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  N.C.     P.  2191. 
New  Salem,  a  post-village   of  Fairfield   co.,  0.,  in 
lalnut  township,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Thornport  Station,  about 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Columbus.     It  has  3  churches.    P.  177. 
New  Salem,  a  hamlet  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa.,  in  Red 
i.nk  township,  3  miles  S.  of  Maysville  Station.     It  has  a 
jurch.    Here  is  Pierce  Post-Office. 

[New  Salem,  a  post- village  in  Menallen  township, 
fyette  co..  Pa.,  6  miles  W.  of  Uniontown.  It  has  3 
lurches. 

Vew  Salem,  or  Salem,  a  borough  in  Salem  town- 
p,  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  about  25  miles  E.  of  Pitts- 
g.  It  has  an  academy,  4  churches,  a  tannery,  and  a 
■•-mill.  Pop.  448.  Here  is  Delmont  Post-Office. 
*few  Salem,  a  post-village  of  Rusk  co.,  Tex.,  about  44 
68  E.N.E.  of  Palestine.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy, 
(l  4  stores.     Pop.  about  100. 

jifew  Salem,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
i  Baltimore  <t  Ohio  Railroad,  68  miles  E.  of  Parkersburg. 
.lias  2  churches. 

■few  Salisbury,  sawlz'b^r-re,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ilar- 
1  in  CO.,  Ind.,  about  16  miles  W.  by  N.  of  New  Albany. 
few  Salisbury,  a  station  in  Columbiana  co.,  0.,  on  the 
( reland  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Wellsville. 
lew  San'ta  Fe,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co..  Mo., 
t,ut  16  miles  S.  of  Kansas  City.  It  has  2  churches. 
J  few  Santander.   See  Tamaulipas,  and  Nuevo  San- 

IDER. 

few  Sarum,  a  city  of  England,    See  Salisbury, 

'ew  Sa'rum,  a  post-village  in  Elgin  co.,  Ontario,  7 
ifis  E.  of  St.  Thomas.     Pop.  180. 

I  ew  Scandinavia,  skan-d^-na've-a,  a  post-village  in 
Sidia  township,  Republic  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Republican 
Ijer,  about  75  miles  N.W.  of  Junction  City, 

i  ew  Scot'land,  a  post-hamlet  in  New  Scotland  town- 
Sj,  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Albany  <fc  Susquehanna 
B  road  where  it  crosses  the  Athens  &  Schenectady  Rail- 
r'j ,  11  miles  W.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  103. 
I,  township  contains  larger  villages,  named  Clarksville  and 
^:  Salem.     Pop.  3268, 

jew  Scotts'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.,  1 
n   from  Economy  Railroad  Station. 

iew  Seda'lia,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co.,  Tenn. 
ew  Segovia,  Central  America,  See  Nueva  Segovia. 

■-ew  Sew'ickley,  township,  Beaver  co.,  Pa.    P.  1602. 

,ew8  Fer'ry,  a  post-village  of  Halifax  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
D(  River,  and  on  the  Richmond  <fc  Danville  Railroad,  24 
fi^  E.  by  N.  of  Danville.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
fqdry, 

i3W  Shar'on,  a  post-village  in  Prairie  township,  Ma- 
^  a  CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  Iowa,  12  miles 
-^  f  Oskaloosa.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a 
Si|3d  school,  3  churches,  a  money-order  post-office,  and 
•«  i.l-mincs.     Pop.  in  1890,  1026. 

)i\v  Sharon,  a  post-village  in  New  Sharon  township, 
ft  khn  CO.,  Me.,  on  Sandy  River,  about  28  miles  N.N.W. 


of  Augusta.  It  has  3  or  4  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
carriages,  boots,  shoes,  and  cane-seat  chairs.  Fine  granite 
is  found  in  the  township.  The  Sandy  River  hero  affords 
extensive  water-power.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1451. 

New  Sharon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  1 
mile  from  Sharon,  and  12  miles  E.  of  Trenton. 

New  Sheffield,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hopewell  township, 
Beaver  co..  Pa.,  about  20  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Pittsburg.  It 
has  a  steam  flour-mill  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

New  Shorehani,  shor'am,  a  post-office  and  summer 
resort  in  New  Shorcham  township,  Newport  co.,  R.I.,  on 
Block  Island  (in  the  Atlantic  Ocean),  30  miles  S.S.AV.  of 
Newport.  Here  is  a  large  and  superior  hotel,  and  on  the  E. 
side  of  the  island  there  is  an  extensive  breakwater,  forming 
a  harbor  of  refuge.  The  township,  which  comprises  all  Iho 
island,  contains  2  churches  and  a  high  school.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1 147. 

NcAV  Sibe'ria,  a  group  of  islands  in  the  Arctic  Ocean, 
off  the  N.  coast  of  Siberia,  government  of  Yakootsk,  be-, 
twecn  lat.  73°  12'  and  76°  2U'  N.  and  Ion.  135°  20'  and 
150°  20'  E.  They  consist  of  Kotelnoi,  Fadicvskoi,  New- 
Siberia,  Liaghof,  and  some  smaller  islands.  New  Siberia, 
the  most  E.  of  these  islands,  is  75  miles  long  and  30  miles 
wide,  and  presents  some  curious  vegetable  and  animal  fossil 
remains.     It  was  discovered  by  Hcdenstroem  in  1809. 

New  Site,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tallapoosa  co.,  Ala.,  about 
65  miles  N.N.E.  of  Montgomery.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Site,  a  post-office  of  Prentiss  co..  Miss. 

NcAV  Slateville,  slat'vil,  a  hamlet  of  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.,^^ 
1  mile  from  Steinsville  Station.  It  has  a  slate-quarry< 
Roofing-slate  is  manufactured  here. 

New  Smyr'na,  a  post-village  of  Volusia  co.,  Fla.,  on 
Mosquito  Lagoon,  about  3  miles  from  the  ocean,  and  70 
miles  S.E.  of  Palatka. 

New  Somerset,  sum'§r-set,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson 
CO.,  Ohio,  about  12  miles  N.N.W,  of  Steubenville,  It  has  2 
churches. 

New'som's  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Southampton  co., 
Va.,  on  the  Seaboard  &  Roanoke  Railroad,  50  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Portsmouth. 

New'som's  Station  is  on  the  Nashville,  Chatta- 
nooga &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  17  miles  W.  of  Nashville,  Tenn, 

New  South  Wales,  a  British  colony  of  Australia, 
having  Queensland  on  the  N.,  the  Pacific  Ocean  on  the  E.,. 
Victoria  on  the  S.,  and  South  Australia  on  the  W,  Area, 
325,000  square  miles.  The  coast-line  extends  700  miles  in 
a  generally  N.N.E.  direction  from  Cape  Howe  to  Point 
Danger.  The  river  Murraj'  and  one  or  two  of  its  tributaries 
form  the  principal  portion  of  its  southern  limit,  and  its 
northern  boundary  follows  the  river  Mclntyre  to  a  point 
on  the  29th  parallel  of  S.  lat.,  which  parallel  it  follows 
westward  to  the  141st  degree  of  E.  Ion.,  which  meridian  is 
the  AV.  boundary  of  the  colony, 

Pliynical  Aspect,  &c. — A  range  of  rugged  mountains — 
the  Australian  Alps — runs  N.  and  S.  at  a  distance  of  from 
25  to  120  miles  from  the  sea,  with  numerous  lateral  spurs. 
The  eastern  slope  has  many  fertile  alluvial  flats,  a  largo 
part  resting  upon  a  bod  of  excellent  coal.  The  mountain- 
are.a  abounds  in  productive  mines  of  gold,  tin,  copper,  lead, 
ko.  The  vast  interior  plains,  traversed  by  the  rivers  Mur- 
ray, Lachlan,  Murrumbidgee,  and  Darling,  support  millions 
of  cattle  and  sheep.  None  of  the  mountains  reach  the 
snow-line.  The  climate  resembles  that  of  Southern  Europe, 
except  among  the  mountains,  where  snow  and  ice  lie  at 
some  points  for  a  good  part  of  the  year. 

Agricultural  Retources. — Much  of  the  soil  is  well  adapted, 
to  profitable  culture.  The  principal  productions  are  wheat, 
Indian  corn,  barley,  oats,  potatoes,  arrowroot,  sugar-canp, 
tobacco,  wine,  brandy,  and  table  grapes.  Useful  native 
fibres,  kino,  gums,  and  tanners'  bark  are  collected.  Cotton, 
silk,  raisins,  oranges,  and  tropical  and  other  fruits  are 
also  beginning  to  be  produced,  for  tlie  warm  and  equablo 
climate  of  the  northern  interior  tracts  is  adapted  to  the 
growth  of  the  tropical  products  as  well  as  those  of  the  tem- 
perate zones.  But  the  great  wealth  of  the  country  consists 
in  its  flocks  and  herds,  supported  by  rich  native  grasses. 
Some  150,000,000  acres  arc  leased  for  pasturage,  at  less 
than  3  farthings  per  acre,  and  some  shepherds  possess  as 
many  as  100,000  sheep  individually.  Fine  wool  is  grown 
in  the  interior,  coarse  wool  on  the  coast.  Many  horses  are 
exported  to  India.  There  are  in  the  colony,  according  to 
the  most  recent  returns,  about  500,000  horses,  2,000,000 
neat  cattle,  60,000,000  sheep,  and  300,000  swine.  In  pros- 
perous years  about  250,000,000  pounds  of  wool  are  exported. 
Live-stock,  meats,  leather,  hides,  fells,  and  tallow  are  also 
exported,  exceeding  in  value  £20,000,000  sterling.  Stock 
is  not  housed  or  fed  in  the  winter. 


NEW 


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NEW 


>  Mimtml  W«nltk. — Qold  is  found  in  al)  pnrts  of  the  colony. 
ViMtotAi  amount  produced  from  KSdt  to  the  end  of  I89U 
#M  10,177,4!{»  ounces,  valued  ut  £:n,ft58,721.  The  value 
of  silver  and  silver-lead  ore  exported  up  to  tlie  same  dnte 
Iras  £7,682,606;  of  copper  raised  (•stiniHtod),  £:),:{A2,728  : 
of  tin  produced,  £5,541, 7U0.  Several  tliou!<and  dininonds 
have  been  found,  iiUo  argentiferous  galena,  untiniotiy,  good 
lignite,  iron  ores,  woUongongite  (prized  ns  ii  gii^i-en richer), 
limestone,  siindstono,  marble,  granite,  and  cinnabar. 

Maim/acttirtt  include  wines,  niiains,  sugar,  brnndiei*, 
leather,  woollen  goods,  soap,  candles,  oils,  timber,  furni- 
ture, carriages,  beer,  cheese,  and  eurthenn-aro.  Sliip-build- 
ing  and  the  making  of  machines  and  metallic  wares  are 
ourried  on  to  a  considerable  extent. 

The  princijxtl  harbors  are  Trial  Bay,  Port  Stephens,  New- 
east  lo  (a  deep  and  capacious  port).  Broken  liny,  the  mag- 
nificent harbor  of  Port  Jackson,  Botany,  Jorvis,  and  Two- 
fold Bays,  and  the  small  ports  of  Wollongong,  Kiama, 
Sfaoalhaven.  Ulladulla.  and  Moruya.  The  vessels  cn<i;agod 
in  tlie  trade  of  the  colony  in  181)0  were,  those  entering  the 
port,  2889,  with  a  tonnage  of  2,4i;i,2J7 ;  those  clearing, 
2777,  with  a  tonnage  of  2,348,625.  Value  of  imports, 
£22,615,004;  of  exports,  £22,045,937. 

Education,  &c. — Education  is  compulsory,  and  is  under 
state  control,  though  many  private  schools  and  colleges 
exist.  The  University  of  Sydney  receives  £12,000  a  year 
from  the  government;  and  three  aSiiiated  denominntional 
colleges  are  assisted  by  the  state.  The  university  has  also 
professional  schools,  in  which  degrees  are  granted.  There 
are  more  than  100  newspapers,  some  25,000  miles  of  tele- 
graph, over  2000  miles  of  railway,  and  brinks  with  total 
assets  (1890)  of  £61,679,795.  An  extensive  system  of 
irrigation  has  been  inaugurated  in  the  west.  Light- 
houses and  harbor-improvements  are  maintained  nt  the 
public  cost. 

The  governmetkt  has  been  modelled  quite  closely  after  the 
home  government  of  Great  Britain,  and  is  practically  as 
free  as  any  in  the  world.  There  is  a  governor  apjwinted 
by  the  crown,  and  a  parliament  of  two  houses.  Bishops  of 
the  Anglican  and  Roman  Catholic  churches  have  episcopal 
seats  at  Sydney,  Goulburn,  and  Bathnrst.  Newcastle,  at  the 
mouth  of  Hunter  River,  is  the  great  coal  port.  Bathurst  is 
the  metropolis  of  the  interior,  and  Sydney  is  the  capital 
and  the  principal  port.     Pop.  of  colony  in  1891,  1,134,207. 

The  country  was  visited  and  named  by  Cook  in  1770, 
BCltlcd  in  17S3  as  a  convict  colony,  ceased  to  be  such  in 
1841,  included  Victoria  until  1851,  and  Queensland  until 
1859.  Gold  was  first  discovered  in  1851.  (See  Australia 
for  a  notice  of  the  native  fauna  and  ilora,  and  of  the  abo- 
riginal wild  tribes.) 

New  Sontli  Wilt'shire»  a  post- village  in  Queens  co., 
Prince  Edward  Island,  9  miles  from  Charlottetown.  P.  160. 

New  Spain,  a  former  name  of  Mexico. 

New  Spar'ta,  or  Spar'taj  a  hamlet  of  Owen  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Louisville,  Cincinnati  &  Lexington  Railroad,  45 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Cincinnati.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Spring'field,  a  post-village  in  Springfield  town- 
ship, Mahoning  co.,  0.,  12  or  13  miles  S.  of  Yoiingstown. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  142. 

New  Spring'ville^  a  post-hamlct  in  Northfield  town- 
ship, Richmond  co.,  Staten  Island,  N.Y.,  about  12  miles 
S.  u .  of  New  York  City.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Stan'ton,  a  post-village  of  Westmoreland  co., 
Pa.,  about  28  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

New'stead,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Roxburgh,  1 
mile  E.  of  Melrose,  on  the  Tweed.  Near  it  are  traces  of  a 
Roman  camp,  and  remains  of  an  ecclesiastical  edifice  of 
early  date.     Pop.  315. 

New'stead,  a  post-oflRce  of  Christian  co.,  Ky. 

Newstead,  a  township  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.     Pop.  3493. 

New'stead  Ab'bey,  England,  co.  and  8i  miles  N.W. 
of  Nottingham,  in  the  vicinity  of  Slicrwood  Forest,  founded 
in  1170  as  a  priory  of  Black  Canons,  and  memorable  as  the 
family  residence  of  Lord  Byron.  It  stands  on  the  verge  of 
a  small  lake,  among  grounds  of  great  beauty.  Numerous 
relics  of  the  poet  are  carefully  preserved  here. 

NcAV  Stir'litig,  a  post-office  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C. 

New  Store,  a  post-village  of  Buckingham  co.,  Va., 
about  70  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Richmond.  It  has  a  church 
and  an  academy. 

New  Straits'ville,  a  post-village  of  Perry  co.,  0.,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Logan,  and  62  miles  S.E.  of  Columbus.  It 
is  on  the  Straitsville  Branch  of  the  Columbus  k  Hocking 
Valley  Railroad.  It  is  partly  supported  by  operations  in 
iron  and  coal.   Much  coal  is  mined  here.    P.  (1890)  2782. 

NcAV  Stras'bnrg,  a  hamlet  of  Amanda  township,  Fair- 
field CO.,  0.,  near  Amanda  Station,  4  miles  S.  of  Royaltoa. 


New  Suffolk,  a  village  of  Southold  to\vni>hip,  Ri,tl„i 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Groat  I'cconio  Buy,  2  miles  S.  of  CniehoeiK 
It  is  a  summer  resort,  iind  has  a  wharf,  and  an  aetiv*  trud 
in  shell-fish.     It  is  visited  bv  large  stcnnicrs.     Pop  200 

New  Sup^ply',  a  post-office  of  Brunswick  co.,  N.C. ' 

NcAV  Swe'deii,  a  post-townsihip  and  large  S«c"l|j 
colony  of  Aroostook  Co.,  Me.,  8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Caribou 

New  Sweden,  township,  Nicollet  co.,  Minn.  Pop.  7iij 

New  Sweden,  a  hamlet  of  Clinton  eo.,  N.Y.,  i  mil 
from  Au  Sable  Railroad  Station.     It  has  nhout  10  f(»iiiHi„ 

New  Ta'bor,  a  ]iost-hanilct  of  Republic  co.,  Kansiu 
35  miles  S.W.  of  Fairbury,  Neb. 

Ne\vTaco'ina,ai)o.st-viIlagoof  Pierce  eo.,Wi>shinst,>t 
near  Pugot  Sound,  and  on  the  North  Pacific  Railrou 
mile  from  Tacoma.     It  has  2  lumber-mills. 

New  Tex'as,  a  post-office  and  shipping-point  of  I'om 
Coup6o  parish.  La.,  on  the  Mississipjii  River. 

New  Texas,  a  post-village  in  Plum  town.«hip,  Allt 
ghnny  co..  Pa.,  about  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Pittsburg.  Iiha 
2  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 

New  Texan,  a  village  in  Fulton  township,  Laticanw 
CO.,  Pa.,  4  miles  S.  by  \f.  of  Fiiltun  llou.seStation.  nndaboii 
24  miles  S.  of  Lancaster.  It  has  a  gri-si-mill  nnil  2  gencn 
stores.     Pop.  about  250.     Here  is  Lyles  lV<t-Offlec. 

New'ton,  a  county  in  the  N.W."  part  of  Arknnsns,  ha 
an  area  of  about  838  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  th 
Buffalo  Fork  of  White  River.  The  surface  is  undulniin 
or  hilly,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests.  Indian  corr 
grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  product*.  Lead  U  found  i 
this  county.  Capital,  Jasper.  Pop.  in  1870,  4374;  in  188( 
6120;  in  1S90,  9950. 

Newton,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Georgia 
has  an  area  of  about  260  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  o: 
the  S.W.  by  the  South  River,  and  intersected  by  the  UIco 
fauhalchee  and  Yellow  Rivers,  which  unite  nt  the  8.  ex 
tremity  of  the  county  and  form  the  Ocinul^^eo  River.  Th 
surface  is  uneven,  and  extensiively  covered  with  forests  Oi 
hickory,  oak,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  partly  fcrllli 
Cotton,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  butter  are  the  staple  prod 
ucts.  This  county  has  abundance  of  granite.  It  is  inter 
seoted  by  the  Georgia  Railroad,  which  connects  with  Cot 
ington,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  14,fil5 :  in  1880, 13,623 
in  1890,  14,310. 

Newton,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Indiana,  bo» 
ders  on  Illinois.  Area,  about  400  square  miles.  It  i 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Kankakee  River, and  is  trav 
ersed  by  the  Iroquois  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  leve 
and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  groves  and  by  Beare 
Lake.  Indian  corn,  oats,  cattle,  and  hay  arc  the  stapl 
products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Pittsburg,  Cid 
cinnati,  Cliicago  <fe  St.  Louis  Railroad  and  the  Chicago  i 
Indiana  Coal  Railroad.  The  extreme  N.E.  part  is  sis 
traversed  by  two  other  railroads.  Capital,  Kentland.  Pof 
in  1870,  5829;  in  1880,  8167;  in  1890,  8803. 

Newton,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Mississippi,  ha 
an  area  of  about  676  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  th 
Young  Warrior  River  and  a  branch  of  the  Chickasawh 
River.  The  surface  is  mostly  covered  with  forests.  Th 
soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  arc  th 
staple  products.  This  county  is  intcrsecte<l  by  a  branch  o 
the  Queen  A  Crescent  Railway  System.  Capital,  Dccatai 
Pop.  in  1870,  10,067;  in  1880,  13,4:56;  in  1S90,  16,625. 

Newton,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Missouri,  has  a 
area  of  about  648  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Waterfa 
Creek  and  an  affluent  of  Elk  River.  The  surface  is  ex 
tonsively  covered  with  forests  of  the  blue  ash,  elm,  whit 
ash,  hickory,  red  oak,  white  oak,  black  walnut,  Ac.  Th 
soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  cattle,  and  por 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  beds  of  carbonil 
erous  limestone  and  lead-mines.  It  is  intersected  by  th 
St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  Railroad  and  the  Kansas  Citj 
Fort  Smith  A  Southern  Railroad,  both  of  which  conncc 
with  Neosho,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,821;  in  IS^ 
18,947;  in  1890,  22,108. 

•Newton,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  texas,  borders  < 
Louisiana.     Area,  about  970  square  miles.     It  is  bouni 
on  the  E.  by  the  Sabine  River.     The  surface  is  extensiv. 
covered  with  forests.     The  soil  is  fertile.     Cotton,  oattl' 
and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.    Capital,  Newtur 
Pop.  in  1870,  2187;  in  1880,  4359;  in  1800,  46.50. 

Newton,  a  post-village  of  Dale  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Clioc 
tawhatchee  River,  about  50  miles  S.S.W.  of  Eufaula.  1 
has  2  churches  and  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  in  1S90,  520. 

Newton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Baker  co.,  Ga.,  o 
the  Flint  River,  25  miles  S.S.W.  of   Albany.    It  has 
churches.     Cotton  is  shipped  here.     Pop.  about  500. 
Newton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jasper  oc.  III.)  i 


F 


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NEW 


Wade  township,  on  the  Embarras  River,  and  on  the  Gray- 
villo  *  Mattoon  Railroad,  20  miles  N.  of  Olney,  and  42 
trtiilp^  S  of  Mattoon.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a 
Coney  order  post-office,  and  a  flour-mill.  P.  (1890)  1428. 
•  Newton,  a  township  of  Whiteside  oo.,  111.  Pop.  880. 
It  contains  Kingsbury.  r  a      ^       aro 

Newton,  a  township  of  Jasper  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  468. 

Newton,  a  township  of  Buchanan  co.,  Iowa.     P.  909. 

Newton,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  442. 

Neivton,  a  city,  capital  of  Jasper  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Chicago,  Rock  Island  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  at  the  junction 
{)f  the  Jasper  County  Railroad,  35  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Des 
VIoines,  and  about  28  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Marshalltown.  It 
mtains  a  court-house,  9  churches,  a  national  bank,  2  other 
);inks  an  academy,  a  public  school-house  which  cost 
UO  000,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  2  weekly  news- 
inp'ers.  Pop.  in  1890,  2564;  of  Newton  township,  3475. 
Dili  abounds  in  Newton  township. 

Newton,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Harvey  co.,  Kansas,  on 
he  Alchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Railroad,  at  the  junc- 
jion  of  the  Southwestern  Branch  with  the  main  line,  74 
kiles  W.S.W.  of  Emporia,  and  27  miles  N.  of  Wichita.  It 
|us  2  newspaper  offices,  a  savings-bank,  a  graded  school,  3 
■luirches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  brewery.  Pop.  in  1890,  5605  ; 
f  Newton  township,  737. 

Newton,  a  city  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  about  8  miles 
jV.S.W.  of  Boston,  is  intersected  by  the  Boston  &  Albany 
Slailroad.  It  is  bounded  by  the  Charles  River  on  all  sides 
ixecpt  the  E.  Many  citizens  of  Boston  have  suburban 
iBsidences  in  this  township,  the  surface  of  which  is  diver- 
[ified  with  hills  and  picturesque  scenery.  The  valuation 
h  its  real  and  pereonal  estate  is  about  $18,000,000.  It 
ionlains  several  villages,  namely,  Newton,  Newton  Centre, 
Irowton  Lower  Falls,  Newton  Upper  Falls,  Newtonville, 
luburndale,  West  Newton,  Ac.  It  has  27  churches,  2  news- 
iapcr  offices,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  high  school, 
itvcral  seminaries,  and  manufactures  of  cotton  cloth,  paper, 
iachinery,  hosiery,  silk,  shoddy,  emery  cloth,  braid,  cord- 

;e,  glue,   &a.      A   city   government   was   organized   here 

inuary  1,  1874.     Pop.  in  1880, 16,995  ;  in  1890,  24,379. 
iNewton,  or  Newton  Corner,  a  post-village  of  Mid- 
lesex  CO.,  Mass.,  a  part  of  the  city  of  Newton,  on  Charles 

Ivor,  and  on  the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad,  8  miles  W. 

Boston.  It  contains  several  churches,  a  national  bank, 
iocwspaper  office,  many  handsome  residences,  and  a  public 

irary  in  a  costly  stone  building. 

'Newton,  a  post-township  of  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.,  about 

miles  S.W.  of  Marshall.     Pop.  891. 

Newton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Newton  co.,  Miss., 
i  the  Vicksburg  &  Meridian   Railroad,  64  miles   E.  of 

ckson.   It  has  a  newspaper  office  and  3  churches.    P.  154. 
Wewton,  a  township  of  Barton  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  802, 
(Newton,  a  township  of  Shannon  co..  Mo.     Pop.  193. 

[Newton,  a  township  of  Taney  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  603. 

l^ewton,  a  station  on  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River 

ilroad,  6i  miles  N.E.  of  Lincoln,  Neb, 

Vewton,  a  post- village  of  Saunders  co.,  Neb.,  about  30 

les  N.  of  Lincoln. 

f  ewton,  a  post-village  in  Newton  township,  Rocking- 

n  CO.,  N.ll.,  about  38  miles  S.E.  of  Concord.     It  has  2 

irches.    The  township  is  intersected  by  the  Boston  & 

.ine  Railroad,  Newton  Station  on  that  road  being  43 

es  N.  of  Boston.     (See  Newtos  Junction.)     Pop.  of  the 

Inship  in  1890,  1064. 

tcwion,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J,,  is  on 

I  Sussex  Railroad,  about  25  miles  N.N.W.  of  Morristown, 

I I  60  miles  N.  of  Trenton.  By  railroad  it  is  67  miles 
In  New  York,  to  which  several  trains  run  daily.  The 
ijsex  Railroad  connects  with  the  Morris  &  Essex  Railroad 
ii'Vatcrloo,  11  miles  S.  of  Newton.  Newton  has  5  churches, 
iolicgiate  institute,  a  court-house,  2  national  banks,  a 
]■  lie  library,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  a  fine  public  build- 
ij  containing  a  town  hall,  lecture-room,  reading-room, 
i\ ;  also  a  foundry,  machine-shop,  and  a  large  manufactory 
cihoes.  The  town  is  lighted  with  gas,  and  contains  many 
«};ant  residences.  It  is  the  central  market  of  a  populous 
fjieultural  and  mineral  county.  Pop.  in  1890,  3003. 
jFewton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Catawba  co.,  N.C., 
n^ewton  township,  on  the  Western  North  Carolina  Rail- 
«1,  25  miles  W.  of  Statesville,  and  about  44  miles  N.N.W. 
«iCharlotte.  It  contains  the  Catawba  College  and  4 
c^rches.     Pop.  in  1890,  1038;  of  the  township,  3633. 

J  CAVton,  Allen  co.,  0.     See  West  Newton. 

i  ewton,  a  township  of  Licking  co..  0.  Pop.  in  1890, 
M-    It  contains  Chatham,  St.  Louisville,  and  Vanatta. 

ewton,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  0.     Pop.  in  1890, 
'I).    It  contains  Pleasant  Hill. 


Newton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Newton  township,  Muskin« 
gum  CO.,  0.,  on  the  Cincinnati  &  Muskingum  Valley  Rail- 
road, at  Del  Carbo  Station,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Zanesville.  It 
has  a  church.  The  township  afiFords  much  coal,  and  con-' 
tains  the  village  of  Uniontown  (or  Fultonham).  Pop.  of 
the  township,  2389. 

Newton,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  0.  Pop.  1138.  It 
contains  Jasper. 

Newton,  a  township  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.  Pop.  1280. 
It  contains  Newton  Falls.  Newton  Station  on  the  Cleve- 
land Branch  of  the  Atlantic  <fc  Great  Western  Railroad,  II 
miles  N.W.  of  Niles,  is  in  an  adjoining  township. 

Newton,  a  hamlet  of  Union  co.,  0.,  near  Peoria  Sta- 
tion of  the  Atlantic  <fc  Great  Western  Railroad,  and  about 
24  miles  N.E.  of  Urbana.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  wagon- 
shop.     Here  is  Raymond's  Post-Office. 

Newton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benton  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Yaquina  River,  60  miles  W.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  hotel. 

Newton,  a  station  in  Washington  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Oregon  Central  Railroad,  19  miles  N.W.  of  Portland. 

Newton,  a  township  of  Cumberland  co..  Pa.  Pop,  2345, 
exclusive  of  Newville,  a  borough.  It  contains  Oakville, 
Jacksonville,  and  Stoughstown. 

Newton,  a  township  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1057. 
It  contains  Bald  Mountain. 

Newton,  a  station  on  the  Dunkirk,  Alleghany  Valley 
<t  Pittsburg  Railroad,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Titusville,  Pa. 

Newton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Newton  co.,  Texas, 
about  140  miles  N.E.  of  Houston,  and  9  miles  W.  of  the 
Sabine  River. 

Newton,  a  post-village  of  Cache  county,  Utah,  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Logan.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  in  1890,  473. 

Newton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Roane  co.,  W.  Va.,  40  miles 
N.E.  of  Charleston.     It  has  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  45. 

Newton,  a  village  of  La  Crosse  co..  Wis.,  about  16  miles 
N.N.E.  of  La  Crosse.  It  has  3  churches.  The  name  of  iW 
post-office  is  Mindoro. 

Newton,  a  township  of  Manitowoc  co.,  AVis.  Pop.  2073. 
It  contains  Northeim  and  Newtonburg. 

Newton,  a  township  of  Marquette  co..  Wis.     Pop.  669. 

Newton,  a  small  post- village  in  Harmony  township, 
Vernon  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  Bad  Axe  River,  22  miles  S.S.E. 
of  La  Crosse.     It  has  a  church  and  a  graded  school. 

Newton,  Durham  co.,  Ontario.     See  Clarke. 

New'ton  Ab'bot  with  Newton  Bushell  (bo5sh'?l), 
a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Devon,  on  the  Teign,  at  a  rail- 
way junction,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Teignmouth. 

Newton  Brook,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario, 

5  miles  S.E.  of  Thornhill.     It  contains  several  stores  and 
saw-  and  grist-mills.     Pop.  200. 

New'tonburg,  or  Newton,  a  post-village  of  Mani- 
towoc CO.,  Wis.,  in  Newton  township,  on  the  Milwaukee, 
Lake  Shore  &  Western  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Manitowoc. 
It  has  a  flour-mill.     Here  is  Newtonburg  Post-Offlce. 

Newton  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co., 
Mass.,  in  the  city  of  Newton,  on  the  Boston,  Hartford  A 
Erie  Railroad,  8  or  9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Boston,  and  nearly 
2  miles  S.  of  the  village  of  Newton.  It  has  4  churches  and 
a  fine  cemetery.  Hero  is  a  Baptist  theological  seminary,' 
which  is  liberally  endowed,  and  has  a  library  of  12,000  vol- 
umes.    It  is  surrounded  by  fine  scenery.     Pop.  1000. 

Newton  Corner,  Middlesex  co.,  5las8.    See  Newton. 

Newton-Donglas,  Scotland.    See  Ne-wton-Stewaut. 

Newton  Factory,  a  post-village  of  Newton  co.,  Ga.,' 
on  the  Ulcofauhatchee,  12  miles  S.  of  Covington.  It  has  a 
church,  a  flour-mill,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  cotton-factory. 

Newton  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Newton  township, 
Trumbull  co.,  0.,  on  the  Mahoning  River,  and  on  the  Alli- 
ance &  Lake  Erie  Railroad,  20  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Alliance, 
and  10  miles  S.AV.  of  Warren.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  ' 
newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  cheese,  flour,  pumps, 
and  woollen  goods.     Pop.  about  500.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Newtonglens,a  town  of  Ireland.     See  Cushendall. 

Newton  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Sampson  co.,  N.C. 

Newton  Ham'ilton,  a  post-borough  in  AVayne  town- 
ship, Mifflin  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Juniata  River,  at  the  N.  end 
of  the  Great  Aughwick  Valley,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  14^  miles  S.E.  of  Huntingdon.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  plough-factory.     Pop.  350. 

Newton-Heath,  a  town  of  England,  in  Lancashire,  2 
miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Manchester.  It  has  manufactures  of 
cottons,  prints,  chemicals,  and  silk  goods.     Pop.  18,103. 

NeAVton  Highlands,  hi'landz,  a  post-hamlet  in  New- 
ton tOAvnship,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston,  Hartford 

6  Erie  Railro.ad,  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Boston.    It  has  a  churcli 
and  a  manufactory  of  fire-alarm  telegraph  machines. 


NEHf 


1984' 


NKTT 


.  Newto'nin*  a  poat-Tillage  In  Newtonla  township,  New- 
ton 00.,  Mo.,  4  miles  S.  of  Kitobey  Station,  and  1 1  luilea  E. 
of  Neosho,  It  has  2  churches  and  a  high  school.  Load 
ore  i«  found  here.     Pop.  40.S  ;  of  the  township,  KiUD. 

Nuwtoii-in.Mak'ertieldf  or  Ne\vtuii-Ie-Wil- 
lows,  a  uiiirl<ct-town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  on  the 
yanphester  A  Liverpool  and  Grand  Junction  lUiilways,  16 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Manchester.  It  has  a  sugar-reOnery,  an 
iron-foundry,  pnpor-mills,  and  glass-works.     Pop.  10,680. 

Newton  Junction, a  poat-hauilot  in  Newton  towniiliip, 
Rockingham  oo.,  N.H.,  on  the  Boston  &,  Maine  Railroad, 
41  miles  N.  of  Boston.  A  branch  railroad  extends  hence 
to  Morrimao,  Mass.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  in  t8U0,  1064. 

Newton  Lower  Fails,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex 
CO.,  Mass.,  in  the  oily  of  Nowton.on  the  Charles  Hiver,  and 
on  a  branch  of  the  Boston  A  Albany  llailroad,  11  miles  W. 
of  Boiiton.  It  has  3  churches,  3  paper-mills,  2  shoddy- 
mills,  and  a  manufactory  of  hosiery.     Pop.  about  800. 

Ncw'toninore,  a  village  of  Scotland, oo.  of  Inverness, 

4  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Kingussie. 

New'tou  llob'iuson,  a  post-village  in  Simooe  oo., 
Ontario,  9  miles  VV.  of  Bradford.  It  has  2  stores  and  a 
woollon-mill.     Pop.  150. 

Newton's  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  N.Y. 

New'ton's  Re *treat',  post-office,  Tippecanoe  oo.,  Ind. 

New'ton-Stew'art,  or  New'ton-Douglas,  dug'- 
l%s,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  and  8  miles  N.  of  Wigtown,  on 
the  Cree.  It  has  a  very  elegant  Gothic  church,  a  town 
house,  market-house,  some  manufactures  of  leather,  hand- 
looms,  and  a  flourishing  trade  in  wool  and.  pork.    Pop.  2S73. 

Newton  Stew'art,  a  post-villago  of  Orange  co.,  Ind., 
on  Patoka  Creek,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Paoli.     Pop.  90. 

Ncw'tonsville,  a  post-village  in  Wayne  township, 
Clermont  co.,  0.,  28  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati.     Pop.  120. 

Newton-upon-Ayr,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  and  op- 
posite Ayr  (of  which  it  forms  a  part  since  1873),  on  the 
Ayr,  and  on  the  Firth  of  Clyde.  It  has  a  pariah  church 
and  a  council  hall,  with  ship-building  docks,  rope-walks, 
manufactures  of  sail-cloth  and  cotton  fabrics,  and  several 
iron-  and  brass-foundries.  The  harbor  has  been  im- 
proved, and  a  light-house  erected  on  its  N.  side.  Consider- 
able quantities  of  coal  are  exported.     Pop.  4877. 

Newton  Upper  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex 
CO.,  Mass.,  in  the  city  of  Newton,  on  the  Charles  lliver,  and 
on  the  New  York  &  New  England  Railroad,  10  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Boston.  It  has  a  rolling-mill,  a  cotton-factory,  a  paper- 
mill,  a  machine-shop,  and  3  churches.  Here  is  a  remarkable 
Btono  bridge  of  7  arches,  one  of  which  measures  134  feet 
between  the  abutments.     Pop.  about  1600. 

'  New'tonviile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  Ala.,  on 
tBe  Sipsey  Kivcr,  31  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Tuscaloosa.  It  has 
a  ehurch. 

Newtonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Spencer  co.,  Ind.,  about 
38  miles  E.  of  Evansville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Newtonville,  a  post-office  of  Buchanan  co.,  Iowa. 

Newtonville,  a  former  post-village  of  Middlesex  co., 
Mass.,  in  Newton  township,  on  the  Boston  &  Albany  Rail- 
road, S  miles  W.  of  Boston.  It  contains  a  number  of  hand- 
some residences,  a  high  school,  and  5  churches.  It  is  now 
the  2d  ward  of  the  city  of  Newton. 

Newtonville,  a  post-office  of  Attala  co..  Miss.,  18  miles 
E.  of  Kosciusko. 

Newtonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Watcrvliet  township,   4   miles   N.  of  Albany.     It  has  a 
church. 
]  New  To'pia,  a  post-office  of  Barbour  co.,  Ala. 

New'town,  a  town  of  Wales,  co.  and  8  miles  S.W.  of 
Montgomery,  on  the  Severn,  and  on  the  Montgomery  Canal. 
It  has  an  ancient  church,  a  town  hall,  a  flannel  hall,  and 
extensive  manufactures  of  flannel.  Newtown  contributes  in 
sending  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.    Pop.  4874. 

Newtown,  a  decayed  borough  of  the  Isle  of  Wight, 

5  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Newport. 

New'town,  a  post-village  of  El  Dorado  co.,  Cal.,  about 
46  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Sacramento.     It  has  2  stores. 

NewtOAVn,  a  post-village  in  Newtown  township,  Fair- 
field CO.,  Conn.,  on  a  high  hill,  and  on  the  Ilousatonic 
Railroad,  19  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Bridgeport,  and  about  9 
miles  E.  of  Danbury.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  3  churches, 
a  savings-bank,  and  an  academy.  The  township  is  bounded 
N.E.  by  Ilousatonic  River,  and  contains  a  village  named 
Sandy  Hook.  Pop.  of  the  township,  4500.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  buttons,  combs,  wool  hats,  and  belting. 

Newtown,  a  village  of  Adams  co.,  111.,  in  Burton  town- 
ship, 14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Quincy.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
flour-mill.    The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Adams. 

Newtown,  Livingston  co.,  111.    See  Collins. 


Newtown,  a  township  of  Livingston  oo..  111.  pop 
lll(.     It  contains  .Smithdalo  and  Collins. 

Newtown  (I'ilot  Post-Ullico),  a  hamlet  of  Vcrmilioi 
CO.,  111.,  in  Oakwood  township,  4  miles  N.  of  Oakwoot 
Station,  which  is  about  8  miles  W.  of  Danville.    It  hu 
church,  a  lumber-mill,  Ac. 

Newtown,  a  station  on  the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  i 
Lafayette  Railroad,  1  mile  N.  of  Lawrcnceburg,  Ind. 

Newtown,  a  post-villago  of  Fountain  co.,  Ind.,  ia 
Richland  township,  about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Lafayette,  and 
10  miles  S.E.of  Attica.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school 
a  tannery,  and  a  wagon-shop.     Pop.  about  200. 

Newtown,  a  hamlet  of  Pottawattamie  co.,  Iowa,  I  mill 
from  Avoca.     It  has  a  church  and  a  brewery. 

Newtown,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ken- 
tucky  Midland  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Georgetown,  and  20 
miles  (direct)  N.  by  E.  of  Lexington.  It  hits  2  churohei, 
a  flour-mill,  a  carriage-factory,  and  general  stores.  Pod 
about  100.  '^' 

Newtown,  Worcester  oo.,  Md.    See  Pocomoke  Cirr, 

Newtown,  a  villngo  of  Dukes  co.,  Mass.,  in  Tisburj 
township,  on  the  island  of  Martha's  Vineyard,  II  miles  S. 
of  Wood's  Holl.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  2  grist- 
mills, and  a  woollen-mill. 

Newtown,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co..  Mo.,  on  thf 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  <t  St.  Paul  Railroad,  43  miles  by  mi 
N.  by  K.  of  Chillicotho,  and  15  miles  (direct)  N.W.  of  Milan 
It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  offict!,  a  saw-mill 
several  stores,  and  manufactures  of  hay-rakes,  &o.  Pop 
in  1890,  303. 

Newtown,  a  station  in  Mercer  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Camden 
&  Amboy  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Bordentown. 

Newtown,  a  post-township  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  ii 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  Long  Island  Sound,  on  the  W.  by 
the  city  of  Brooklyn,  and  on  the  N.W.  by  the  East  Ilivor. 
It  contains  villages  named  Corona,  Maspcth,  Columbus- 
ville,  Glendale,  Molvina,  Newtown,  and  llavenswood.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Long  Island  and  Flushing  &  North 
Side  Railroads.     Pop.  in  1880,  9804;  in  1890,  17,549. 

Newtown,  or  Newtownville,  a  post-village  in  Now 
town  township,  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Flushing  A  North 
Side  Railroad,  6  miles  from  Hunter's  Point,  and  about  7 
miles  E.  of  New  York  City.  It  has  a  bank,  and  sevcra, 
churches  and  fine  residences. 

Newtown,  a  post- village  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  in  An 
derson  township,  on  the  Little  Miami  River,  and  on  thr 
Cincinnati  &  Eastern  and  Little  Miami  Railroads,  10  uiilc» 
E.  of  Cincinnati.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  in  189U,  552. 

Newtown,  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.    See  Peom. 

Newtown, a  post-borough  in  Newtown  township,  Bucki 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  a  fertile  valley,  on  the  Philadclphin,  Newtown 
&  New  York  Railroad,  27  miles  N.E.  of  Philadelphia,  and 
9  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Trenton.  It  contains  5  churclies,  an 
academy,  a  national  bank,  a  state  bank,  a  public  library, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  manufactory  of  farming-implements, 
2  nurseries,  a  coiicli-lactory,  and  a  tannery.  Pop.  in  1890, 
1213;  of  the  township,  additional,  1001. 

Newtown,  a  township  of  Delaware  co..  Pa.    Pop.  748, 

Newtown  (Kirby  Post-Office),  a  village  of  Greene  co., 
Pa.,  in  Whitley  township,  about  50  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg. 
It  has  a  church. 

Newtown,  a  village  in  Portsmouth  township,  Newport 
CO.,  R.I.,  3  miles  from  Bristol  Ferry  Station.  It  ha«  2 
churches.     Pop.  250. 

Newtown,  a  post-village  of  King  and  Queen  co»  V*^ 
about  36  miles  N.E.  of  Richmond.  It  lias  2  churohei,  a 
steam  saw-mill,  and  a  sumach-mill. 

Newtown,  Norfolk  co.,  Va.,  is  a  suburb  of  Portsmouth, 
with  which  it  is  connected  by  two  bridges.  It  is  adjacent 
to  the  United  States  navy-yard  and  contiguous  to  Qosport. 
It  has  3  churches. 

Newtown,  Virginia.    See  Newtowx  SxEPnENSBuno. 

New'town,  a  southern  suburb  of  Sydney,  New  South 
Wales. 

New'town,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co.,  Prince  Edward 
Island,  20  miles  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  150. 

Newtown  Acad'emy,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co., 
Ala.,  about  50  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Selma. 

NewUoAvnards',  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Down,  at  the  N.  extremity  of  Lough  Strangford,  10  mil<a 
by  rail  E.  of  Belfast.  It  is  regularly  and  well  built,  Uid 
has  a  very  ancient  church,  the  ruins  of  an  old  castle  and 
of  various  monastic  buildings,  a  large  endowed  school,  a 
spacious  town  hall,  and  infantry  barracks.  The  weaving 
and  embroidery  of  damask  muslins  arc  carried  on.  P.  ^*^*j 

New'town-Bar'ry,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Wexford,' 
about  14  miles  N.  of  Enniscorthy.    Pop.  1014. 


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Newtown  Creek,  of  Long  Island,  flows  into  the  East 
ivor  opposite  New  York,  between   Brooltlyn  and  Long 

iland  City.  ,     ,  -r    ,      j 

Newtowu-Crom'molin,  a  parish  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
ntriin,  with  a  village  3  miles  N.E.  of  Clogh.  Pop.  of 
le  village,  132. 

New'town-Hara'ilton,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
rmagh.    Pop.  1027. 

Newtown  Junction,  a  station  within  the  limits  of 
hiladulphia,  Pa.,  where  the  Philadelphia,  Newtown  &  New 
ork  Railroad  joins  the  Pennsylvania  llailroad,  5  miles 
om  West  Philadelphia  Station. 

Newtown  Land'in§^,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co., 
is8.,on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  25  miles  below  Vicks- 
ir".    It  has  a  steam  cotton-gin  and  a  store.     Pop.  200. 
Ncw'towu-Lim'avad'dy,  a  town   of    Ireland,  co. 
id  15  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Londonderry,  on  the  Roe,  here 
ossed  by  a  stone  bridge.     Pop.  2762.     It  has  a  handsome 
urch,  a  sessions-house,  bridewell,  workhouse,  distilleries, 
id  a  market-house,  with  a  trade  in  wheat  and  flax. 
NewtOAVn  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Forest  co.,  Pa.,  on 
onesta  Creek,  about  22  miles  E.S.E.  of  Titusville. 
Newtown  3Iount  Ken'nedy,  a  town  of  Ireland, 
.  and  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  AVieklow. 
Newtown  Square,  a  post-village  in  Newtown  town- 
ip,  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  5  miles  N.  of  Media,  and  about  13 
'des  W.  of  Philadelphia.     It  has  several  churches  near  it. 
iNewtOAvn  Stephensburg,  ste'venz-burg,  a  post-vil- 
^eof  Frederick  co.,  Va.,  on  the  railroad  which  connects 
inchester  with  Staunton,  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Winchester. 
has  3  churches,  and  a  manufactory  of  wagons.     P.  625. 
Newtown-StCAv'art,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  20 
flea  by  rail  S.  of  Londonderry,  on  the  Mourne.     Near  it 
9  remains  of  a  castle,  and  various  other  antiquities. 
Newtownville,  New  York.    See  Newtown. 
New  Tren'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind., 
the  Whitewater  River,  and  on  the  Cincinnati  <fc  White- 
Lter  Valley  Railroad,  29  miles  N.W.  of  Cinoinnatl.     It 
p  a  church. 

New  Trenton,  a  hamlet  of  Jefi'erson  co.,  0.,  12  miles 
W.  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  100. 
Wew  Trier,  tri'er,  a  township  of  Cook  co..  111.,  on  Lake 
chigan.  Pop.  1105.  It  contains  Wilmette  and  Winnetka. 
Vew  Trier,  a  post-village  of  Dakota  co.,  Minn.,  in 
mpton  township,  about  28  miles  S.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has 
hurch,  the  Sisters'  College  School,  2  hotels,  and  3  stores, 
p.  131. 

Vew  Trip'oli,  a  post-villago  in  Lynn  township,  Le- 
;h  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Berks  &  Lehigh  Railroad,  at  Tripoli 
tion,  31  miles  N.  of  Reading.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist- 
1,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  carriage-shop. 
Vew  Troy,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lafayette  co., 
.,  on  the  Suwaneo  River,  at  the  head  of  navigation,  22 
es  S.  of  Live  Oak.     It  has  a  church. 
<few  Troy,  a  post-villago  in  AVeesaw  township,  Ber- 
1  CO.,  Mich.,  on  (jalien  River,  2*  miles  from  Troy  Sta- 
1,  and  about  18  miles  W.N.W.  of  Niles.    It  has  a  church, 
I  our-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  furniture-factory.    Pop.  392. 
jifew  Tus'ket,  a  post-village  in  Digby  co.,  Nova  Sco- 
I"  on  Tuskct  River,  and  on  the  Annapolis  <fc  Y'armouth 
Ivvay,  9  miles  from  Weymouth.     It  contains  2  churches, 
ores,  and  a  large  number  of  saw-mills.     There  are  some 
'  1  lakes  in  the  vicinity,  abounding  with  trout. 
few'tyle,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Forfar,  10  miles 
■  V.  of  Dundee,  with  which,  and  with  Forfar  and  Perth,  it 
i'onnected  by  railway.     Pop.  about  750. 
Jew  Ulm,  a  post- borough,  capital  of  Brown  co.,  Minn., 
Cthe  right  bank  of  the  Minnesota  River,  and  on   the 
nona  <fc  St.  Peter  Railroad,  30  miles  W.  of  St.  Peter,  and 
!  niles  W.N.W.  of  Mankato.   It  has  3  churches,  a  national 
'jk,  1  other  bank,  a  foundry,  2  newspaper  offices,  and 
i|iufaetures  of  flour,  sash,  and  doors.     P.  1890,  3741. 
!fewUlm,  a  small   post-village  of  Austin   co.,  Tex., 
0  at  65  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Houston.     It  has  a  church. 
ew  Ulster,  island.    See  New  Zealand. 
ew  U'trecht,  a  post-villago  and  township  of  Kings 
c  N.Y.,  at  the  W.  end  of  Long  Island,  about  7  miles  S. 
0  ^ew  York  city.     The  township  is  separated  from  Staten 
JiUd  by  the  Narrows,  and  intersected  by  several  railroads. 
Imtains  Fort  Hamilton,  Bay  Ridge,  and  Bath.     P.  4742. 
.  ew  Vcr'non,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  in 
liaic  township,  4  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Morristown.     It  has  2 
c/ches,  an  academy,  and  a  basket-factory, 
icw  Vernon,  a  hamlet  in  Mount  Hope  township, 
^  ige  CO.,  N.Y.,  li  miles  N.E.  of  Uowell's  Depot.    It  has 
*j^  urch  and  a  distillery. 
ew  Vernon,  a  post-village  in  New  Vernon  township, 


Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  about  22  miles  W.  of  Oil  City.    It  has  2 
steam  saw-mills.     Pop.  of  the  township,  796. 

New  Vienna,  ve-en'na,  a  post-villago  of  Dubuque  co., 
Iowa,  in  New  Wine  township,  25  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Dubuque. 
It  has  a  church,  a  seminary,  and  a  steam  grist-mill. 

New  Vienna,  a  post-village  in  Green  township,  Clin- 
ton CO.,  0.,  on  the  Marietta  <fc  Cincinnati  Railroad,  67  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati,  and  41  miles  W.  of  Chillicothe.  It 
has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  union  school,  and  2  newspaper 
ottices.     Pop.  in  1890,  871. 

New  Vil'lage,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Morris  Canal,  about  8  miles  N.E.  of  Easton,  Pa.,  and  2 
miles  from  Stewartsville  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church. 

New  Village,  a  hamlet  of  Sufi"olk  co.,  N.Y.,  2  miles 
N.E.  of  Lake  Ronkonkoma.     It  has  a  church. 

New'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Colusa  co.,  Cal.,  30  milea 
W.S.W.  of  Tehama  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Newville,  a  post-village  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind.,  in  New- 
villo  township,  on  the  St.  Joseph  River,  about  25  miles  N.E. 
of  Fort  AYayne.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  842. 

Newville,  a  hamlet  of  Daviess  co.,  Ky.,  4  miles  from 
Riley's  Railroad  Station. 

Newville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Danube  township,  Her- 
kimer CO.,  N.Y.,  about  27  miles  E.S.E.  of  Utica.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  112. 

Newville,  a  post-village  in  AVorthington  township, 
Richland  co.,  0.,  on  the  Clear  Fork  of  the  Mohican  River, 
about  12  miles  S.E.  of  Mansfield.  It  has  a  church,  a  wool- 
len-factory, and  4  stores. 

Newville,  a  post-borough  of  Cumberland  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad,  11  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Car 
lisle,  and  11  miles  N.E.  of  Shippensburg.  It  is  in  the  fer- 
tile limestone  valley  which  is  bounded  on  the  N.AY.  by  the 
Kittatinny  Mountain.  It  contains  7  churches,  2  newspaper 
offices,  2  banks,  and  2  tanneries.     Pop.  in  1890,  1562. 

Newville,  a  village  in  AVest  Donegal  township,  Lan- 
caster CO.,  Pa.,  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  llarrisburg,  and  1  mile 
from  Elizabethtown.  It  has  a  cigar-factory  and  a  brush- 
factory.     Pop.  133. 

NeAVville,  a  post-office  of  Prince  George  co.,  Va. 

Newville,  a  post-office  of  A''ernon  co.,  AVis.,  on  the 
Kickapoo  River,  about  38  miles  S.E.  of  La  Crosse. 

New  Vineyard,  vin'yard,  a  post-hamlet  in  New  Vine- 
yard township,  Franklin  co..  Me.,  10  miles  N.  of  Farming- 
ton.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  manufactory 
of  spools.     Pop.  of  the  township,  755. 

New  Virgin'ia,  a  post-village  in  A'irginia  township, 
AVarren  co.,  Iowa,  about  32  miles  S.  of  Des  Moines.  It 
has  2  churches. 

New  Wash'ington,  a  post-village  in  AVashington 
township,  Clarke  co.,  Ind.,  about  18  miles  S.S.AY.  of  Madi- 
son.    It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy.     Pop.  about  250. 

New  Washington,  a  post-village  in  Cranberry  town- 
ship, Crawford  co.,  0.,  on  the  Mansfield,  Coldw.ater  &  Lake 
Michigan  Railroad,  24  miles  N.AV.  of  Mansfield,  and  20 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Tiflin.     It  has  3  churches. 

New  Washington,  a  post-villago  of  Clearfield  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  AYest  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  about 
30  miles  N.AV.  of  Altoona.  It  has. a  church  and  about  50 
dwellings.     Pop.  211. 

New  Wat'crford,  a  post-village  in  Unity  township, 
Columbiana  co.,  0.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  AVayne  it;  Chicago 
Railroad,  16  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Salem,  It  has  2  churcheji, 
a  grist-mill,  a  planing-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

New  Wa'verly,  a  post-village  in  Miami  township,  Cass 
CO.,  Ind.,  near  the  AYabash  River,  and  on  theAYabash  Rail- 
read,  8  miles  E.  of  Logansport.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw- 
mill, 3  stores,  a  graded  school,  Ac.     Pop.  ^bout  300. 

New  Waverly,  a  post-village  of  AYalker  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  Houston  &  Great  Northern  Railroad,  55  miles  N.  of 
Houston. 

NcAV  Way,  a  post-hamlet  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  about  12 
miles  N.W.  of  Newark.     It  has  a  church. 

New  Wells,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cape  Girardeau  co..  Mo., 
20  miles  N.  by  AY.  of  Cape  Girardeau  City.   It  has  a  church. 

New  West'minster,  the  former  capital  of  Britisa 
Columbia,  is  situated  on  the  Eraser  River,  10  miles  from  its 
mouth,  85  miles  N.N.E.  of  A'ictoria.  Lat.  49°  12'  47"  N. ; 
Ion.  122°  53'  AY.  It  has  several  churches,  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  distillery,  a  grist-mill,  3  saw-mills,  a  public  hos- 
pital, a  mint  and  assay  office,  court-house,  jail,  penitentiary, 
legislative  building,  government  house,  savings-bank,  a 
number  of  stores,  &c.  Its  principal  industry  is  salmon- 
fishing;  but  other  kinds  of  fish  are  caught  in  great  abun- 
dance. Since  the  removal  of  the  government  to  A'ictoria  it 
has  materially  decreased  in  business  and  population,  but  the 


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ttonmort  from  VAVooarar  Tslnnd  make  it  their  fonrnrditi); 
■tation  fur  all  pasKungcrs  nn<l  freiglit  fn>in  abrom),  and  tlio 
rivor-i>t6auiors  tnako  It  their  iica(U|narter«  irhoiioe  they 
oonrej  panongon  and  freiglit  to  Yule  (lUU  miles  dittant), 
the  hoiid  of  navigatitin  on  the  Fraaer  Kiver.  Stoaniors  run 
twioA  a  week  bcorecn  Now  Woattiiinstor  and  Victoria. 

New  West'villc,  a  po»t-villago  of  Treble  co.,  0.,  in 
Jackaon  township,  1}  miles  from  Westvillo,  and  (i  milea  E. 
•f  Riohmond,  Ind.     It  has  2  churches.     Pup.  2U0. 

New  Wil'mington,  a  post-village  in  Wilmington 
township,  Liiwrcnoo  oo.,  Pa.,  9  miles  N,  of  New  Castle. 
It  contains  6  churuhe.<i,  and  is  the  8oat  of  Westminster  Col- 
lege (United  Presbyterian),  which  was  organized  in  1862 
and  has  about  250  students  of  both  «c\c8.     Pop.  about  800. 

New  Wiii'chcstcr,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hendricks  co., 
Ind.,  4  miles  from  Uono  Station,  and  27  miles  W.  of  In- 
dianapolis.    It  had  2  churches.     Pop.  125. 

New  Winchester,  a  post-village  in  Whetstone  town- 
ship, Crawford  co.,  0.,  on  the  Whetstone  Uiver,  8  miles 
8.S.K.  of  Bucyrus.     It  hivs  a  church. 

New  Wiiidsorf  win'zpr,  a  post-village  in  Rivoli  town- 
ship, Mercer  co.,  111.,  on  the  Galva  &  Keithsburg  liranch 
of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  at  Windsor 
StjitioB,  21  miles  AV.  of  Galva,  and  20  miles  N.  of  Gales- 
burg.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  and  6 
churches.     Pop.  575. 

New  Winuaor,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Western  Maryland  Railroad,  38  miles  N.W.  of  Balti- 
more, and  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Westminster.  It  contains  5 
churches,  a  national  bank,  and  the  New  Windsor  College, 
and  hits  manufactures  of  furniture,  agricultural  machinery, 
and  bono  phosphate.     Pop.  in  1890,  414. 

New  Windsor,  a  village  in  New  Windsor  township. 
Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River,  and  on  the  Newburg 
&  New  York  Railroad,  .3  miles  S.S.W.  of  Newburg.  It  has 
2  churches,  6  steam  brick-yards,  2  paper-mills,  a  woollen- 
mill,  and  a  fine  park.  The  township  contains  also  Vail's 
Gate,  and  Moodna.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2461. 

New  Wine,  a  township  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
1204,  exclusive  of  Dyersville.     It  contains  New  Vienna. 

New  Wood'stock,  a  post-village  in  Cazenovia  town- 
ship, Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  from  Webster  Station  of 
the  Syracuse  &  Chenango  llailro.ad,  and  about  24  miles  S.E. 
of  Syracuse.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  2  car- 
riage-shops, (fee.     Pop.  about  300. 

New  Year's  Island,  two  small  islands  off  the  S. 
coast  of  Australia.     Lat.  39°  40'  S. ;  Ion.  143°  49'  E. 

New  Year's  Island,  North  Australia,  is  off  the  coast 
of  Arnhem's  Land,  60  miles  N.E.  of  Port  Essington.  Lat. 
10°  55' S.;  Ion.  133°  3'  E. 

New  Year's  Islands,  South  Atlantic,  are  in  lat.  54° 
41'  S.,  Ion.  64°  28'  W.,  and  were  so  named  by  Cook. 

New  Year's  Range,  Central  Australia,  is  a  mountain- 
tract.     Lat.  30°  21'  S.;  Ion.  146°  33i'  E. 

New  York,  one  of  the  Middle  States  (so  called)  of  the 
American  Union,  bordering  upon  the  Atlantic,  and  bounded 
N.  by  Lake  Ontario,  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  and  Canada; 
E.  by  Vermont  (from  which  it  is  partly  separated  by  Lake 
Champlain),  Massachusetts,  Connecticut,  and  the  Atlantic; 
S.  by  the  Atlantic,  New  Jersey,  and  Pennsylvania;  W.  by 
Pennsylvania,  Lake  Erie,  and  the  river  Niagar.a.  The 
state  limits  include  Long  and  Statcn  Islands,  and  the  juris- 
diction of  the  state  covers  Long  Island  Sound  and  the 
lower  waters  of  the  Hudson  to  low-water-mark  on  the  New 
Jersey  side.     Area,  49,170  square  miles. 

hlaiidn. — Besides  Long  and  Staten  Islands,  may  be 
enumerated  M.anhattan,  Governor's,  Bedloe's,  Hart's,  Ran- 
dall's, Black  well's.  Ward's,  Gardiner's,  Plum,  Shelter, 
Fisher's,  Faulkner's,  the  Thimbles,  Coney,  Barren,  Fire, 
and  other  islancis  in  tidal  waters;  Grand,  Goat,  Beaver, 
Buckhorn,  Cayuga,  Squaw,  Stanberry,  Tonawanda,  Rattle- 
snake, and  other  islands  in  the  Niagara  River;  many  of 
the  Thousand  Islands  and  others  in  the  St.  Lawrence  and 
in  Lake  Ontario;  and  Crab,  Schuyler,  and  Valcour  Islands 
in  Lake  Champlain. 

The  face  of  the  country  xi  exceedingly  varied.  In  the  N. 
lies  an  extensive  wilderness,  underlaid  mainly  by  Laurontian 
rocks,  and  affording  few  valuable  economic  products  save 
lumber,  iron  ore,  and  some  furs.  Here  rise  the  Adirondack 
Mountains,  and  this  region  abounds  in  lakes  and  streams 
and  is  a  great  summer  resort  for  the  angler  and  the  tourist. 
It  is  nearly  belted  by  a  very  fertile  tract,  and  is  bounded 
on  the  S.  by  the  rich  Mohawk  Valley.  The  Kittatinny  and 
Blue  Mountains  of  Pennsylvania  are  called  Shawangunk 
Mountains  in  this  state,  while  the  Alleghanics  proper  pass 
into  the  Catskill  and  Helderberg  ranges.  The  Taconic  (or 
^aghkanio)  Hills  of  Massachusetts  and  Connecticut  pass 


through  this  state  into  New  Jersey,  and  arc  locally  know 
as  the  Skunomunk  Mountains.  The  Ilighlnnd«  arc  a  rcnig 
of  broken  Laurontian  hills,  continuous  (godgriiphically,  j 
not  geologically)  with  the  Green  Mountains  on  the  or 
hand  and  the  Blue  Itidge  on  the  other.  The  hood-strcnu 
of  the  Delaware  flow  through  a  region  of  steep  forest-eln 
hills,  to  the  westward  of  which  is  the  jilaleau  of  Ccntri 
and  Western  New  York.  That  part  of  this  plateau  wli« 
waters  flow  Into  the  great  lakes  is  a  very  beautiful  an 
fertile  region,  characterized  by  the  presence  of  a  rcmar) 
able  series  of  l<mg,  deep,  and  narrow  lakes,  but  southwu 
of  the  watershed  the  plateau  has  been  cut  by  denudatia 
into  an  irregular  8ucces«ion  of  ridges  and  valleys. 

(7eo/oyy. — The  prominent  geological  features  of  Now  Yot 
may  be  simjdy  stated  as  follows:  (1.)  The  azoic  and  nioini 
Laurentian  regions,  which  are  (n)  the  (Jroat  Northern  AVi 
derncss,  and  (6)  the  Highlands  of  the  Hudson:  Manhattii 
Island,  and  the  northern  portion  of  Statcn  Island,  are  ali 
compose<l  of  azoic  gneissoid  strata.  'I'he  Adirondncks  nr 
Highlands  both  afford  much  magnetic  and  specular  iron  o 
of  excellent  quality  ;  and  the  Adirondack  country,  bo«id 
granitoid  rocks  and  hypcrsthene,  contains  much  lime«toi 
and  serpentine.  (2.)  Tnc  Silurian  formation,  which  near 
encircles  the  Adirondack  and  wilderness  country,  covom  t) 
Mohawk  Valley,  and  also  the  valley  of  the  Hudson  fro 
Sandy  Hill  down  to  Newburg,  and  occupies  the  Sliawai 
gunk  Mountiiin  country  and  the  Wallkill  Valley,  while  fro 
the  Mohawk  Valley  westward  it  sends  a  wide  strip,  whic 
borders  and  indeed  surrounds  Lake  Ontario,  .ind  thruuj 
it  the  river  Niagara  makes  its  way.  To  the  Silurian  B( 
belong  the  Potsdam  and  calciforous  sandstones;  the  Chaz 
Bird's-eye,  Black  River,  and  Trenton  limestones;  the  Uti 
slate;  the  Hudson  River  slate ;  the  Oneida  conglomcrat 
and  Shawangunk  grit,  yielding  lead  and  copper;  theOswej 
and  Medina  sandstones;  the  iron-bearing  Clinton  vhale 
the  Niagara  limestone,  through  which  the  great  cataract 
cutting  its  way,  and  which  forms  a  great  terrace,  travcrtii 
this  state  and  Canada  ;  the  Salina  group,  whence  arc  derir 
the  salt,  gypsum,  and  cement  so  abundantly  produced  in  tl 
state;  and  the  Lower  Helderberg  limestone,  which  crow 
the  Devonian  of  New  York.  (3.)  The  Devonian  stral 
which,  first  appearing  in  the  Helderberg  and  Cntsk 
Mountains,  cover  all  the  state  to  the  westward,  cxccptii 
the  parts  already  noticed ;  its  members,  beginning  wi 
the  lowest,  are  the  Oriskany  sandstone ;  the  Caudu-ga 
and  Schoharie  grits;  the  Upper  Helderberg;  the  Marcelli 
Hamilton,  and  Genesee  shales  and  sandstones,  including  t 
"  blucstono"  and  other  excellent  somewhat  mctnmorp! 
flagstones ;  the  Portage  and  Chemung  groups  of  shal 
flags,  and  sandstones,  which  occupy  a  large  part  of -the  t 
southern  tiers  of  counties;  and  the  old  red  or  Catskill  san 
stone,  especially  developed  in  the  Catskill  Mountains;  tl 
last  constitutes  the  uppermost  bed  of  the  Devonian.  (• 
The  carboniferous  formation,  represented  in  Now  York  on 
by  few  and  relatively  small  detached  areas  of  a  sandsto 
which  is  among  the  lowest  members  of  the  carboniforou 
these  are  never  coal-bearing,  and  New  Y^ork  has  no  coal 
any  geological  age.  (5.)  The  triassic  sandstones  of  Roc 
land  CO.,  much  broken  by  trap  dikes,  of  which  the  Pa 
sades  of  the  Hudson  are  prominent  examples.  (C.)  T 
cretaceous  of  the  northern  side  of  Long  Island.  (7.)  T 
quaternary  and  alluvial  of  Southern  Long  Island  and  t 
Champlain  Valley.  (8.)  The  drift,  which  in  many  pla< 
deeply  covers  the  older  formations.  A  line  run  from  0 
densburg,  N.Y.,  to  Blossburg,  Pa.,  crosses  in  succession 
the  Silurian  and  Devonian  beds  above  named. 

Objects  of  Interest  to  Tourists. — Among  these  are  t 
Adirondack  region,  which  is  much  visited  in  summer,  I 
agara,  Trenton,  Catskill,  Baker's,  Cohoes,  Flora,  GcneS' 
and  Buttermilk  Falls,  and  many  other  noteworthy  cat 
racts,  the  mineral  springs  of  Ballston,  Saratoga,  K 
Lebanon,  Avon,  Richfield,  Sharon,  Massena,  Ac,  Lai 
George  and  Champlain,  and  the  numerous  other  lakes j 
the  north,  centre,  and  west,  the  Thousand  Islands,  Watki 
and  Havana  Glens,  the  Highlands  and  Palig.odcs  of  t 
Hudson,  the  Catskill  Mountains,  and  the  beaches  of  1 
Rockaway,  Canarsie,  and  Fire,  Shelter,  and  Coney  IslaU' 

Mineral  Wealth. — Westchester  co.  produces  marble  < 
tensively,  especially  in  the  vicinity  of  Sing  Sing,  and  it 
also  obtained  ne.ir  Glens  Falls  (black)  and  Iludson,  a 
at  many  other  points.  The  excellent  iron  ores  olreaj 
referred  to  are  largely  mined.  Lead  has  been  obtaincdj 
Ellen ville,  Rossie,  and  other  pl.aces,  but  is  not  nowwrougi 
The  salt-works  of  Onondaga  co.  are  of  great  imporLin 
The  blue  flagstones  of  the  Hamilton  group  are  largely  qu; 
ried  at  Kingston  and  in  its  vicinity.  Sandstone,  limcsto: 
and  slate  for  builders'  use  are  obtained  at  many  poin 


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jLimc,  cement,  and  gypsum  are  extensively  produced,  the 

'jetoont  of  Akron  and  llosondale  being  of   especial    note. 

'fbe  gas-wells  of  Blooinfield,  Barcelona,  and  Eredonia  are 

Irory  interesting  and  of  much  local  importance.     Petroleum 

Ij  obtained  at  Cuba,  Olean,  and  elsewhere. 

i    Climate. — Throughout  the  greater  part  of  the  state  the 

iflnter's  cold  is  more  intense  and  the  snow-fall  is  greater 

ban  in  most  New  England  districts  of  corresponding  lati- 

Inde;  but  there  are  fewer  sudden  and  extreme  changes. 

irhe  mean  temperature  of  the  state  is  stated  to  be  46.40°  F. 

I'ho  only  endemic  disease  is  an  ordinarily  mild  type  of  ma- 

»rial  fever,  which  prevails  in  many  parts  of  the  state,  es- 

jiecially  in  autumn ;  and  there  are  occasional  epidemics  of 

liyphoidal  and  cru]>tive  fevers,  diphtheria,  dysentery,  and 

{|t»  like,  but  as  a  whole  the  state  is  a  remarkably  healthful 

&«.    Catarrhal  and  pulmonary  diseases  are,  on  the  whole, 

jtfs  prevalent  than  in  the  states  to  the  eastward.     The  rain- 

jill  is  usually  ample,  and  rarely  excessive.     The  winter 

iinate  of  the  Adirondaoks  is  intensely  cold. 

Agricullure. — More  than  half  the  area  of  New  York  is 

nproved  or  cultivated  land,  and,  excepting  the  mountain- 

'd''es  and  the  Laurentian  wilderness  of  the  N.,  there  is 

lit  little  unproductive  land  in  the  state.     The  productive 

nils  are  of  every  variety  of  constitution,  but  they  mostly 

imtain  abundance  of  lime.     The  Mohawk   Valley  is  re- 

pwnod  for  its  broom-corn  and  factory-made  cheese,  Orange 

k  for  its  butter  (a  staple  product  of  the  whole  state), 

jmnge,  Dutchess,  Putnam.  Greene,  Westchester,  and  Rock- 

|nd  COS.  for  milk.  Long  Island  for  market-gardens  and  for 

|i  eggs,  the  northern  counties  for  potatoes  and  hay,  Onon- 

iiga,  Chemung,  and  Steuben  for  tobacco,  Madison,  Ontario, 

Leida,  Otsego,  and  Schoharie  for  hops.     Monroe  and  Or- 

Ifcns  cos.  raise  more  white  beans  than  any  other  counties 

if;  the  United  States.     The  central  lake  valleys  are  cspe- 

inlly  adapted  to  grape-culture  and  the  wine  business.   The 

late  runks  first  of  all  in  its  product  of  fruit.     Live-stock 

iid  wool  are   raised  in  immense  quantities.     The  grain 

fgrcgato  is  a  large  one;  and  though  the  state  formerly 

imported  millions  of  bushels  of  wheat,  and  now  does  not 
Ise  a  third  of  the  grain  she  consumes,  this  is  ])lainly  duo 
the  fact  that  her  farmers  find  more  profit  in  other  prod- 
Its, — a  profit  shown  in  the  fine  residences,  capacious  barns, 
fd  comfortable  manner  of  living  observable  in  the  rural 
'  tricts.    In  none  of  the  older  states  docs  the  working 
I'jer  occupy  a  more  honorable  social  position  than  here; 
i  many  of  the  most  cultivated  and  influential  literary 
I  professional  men   and  women   of  the   country  have 
■«ng  from  the  farming  class  of  New  York. 
\fann/acture». — New  York  in   1880  ranked  first  of  the 
ics  in  the  value  of  her  manufactures.     Among  the  most 
portant  of  these  are  agricultural  implements,  bagging, 
!r,  boots  and  shoes,  boxes,  broad,  bricks,  brooms,  brushes, 
Ipets,  cars,  carriages,  cement,  clothing,  cigars,  cooperage, 
•ton  goods,  chandlery,  chemicals,  felt  goods,  fertilizers, 
ir,  furniture,  furs,  gloves,  mittens,  hardware,  hair  goods, 

ncs?es,  hat",  hosiery,  india-rubber  goods,  instruments 
isical,  professional,  etc.),  iron,  jewelry,  leather,  leather 
l; ds,  liquors,  linens,  lime,  lumber,  machinery,  malt,  me- 
?io  Wares,  nails,  oil  (linseed,  fish,  essential,  Ac),  paper, 
jtcry,  salt,  soap,  starch,  tobacco,  tiles,  upholstery,  wooden- 
'j-e,  woollen  goods,  &c.,  these  being  staple  productions; 
Ijidcs  which  there  afe  small  wares  manufactured  in  infl- 
lii  variety.  The  manufacturing  industries  are  well  dis- 
t  utcd  over  the  state,  and  have  brought  a  ready  market 
t':ho  farmer's  door  in  almost  every  section;  while  the 
f  tfulncss  of  the  soil  and  the  abundance  of  water-power 
y  e  made  the  state  an  eligible  one  for  the  operative  as  well 
f'or  the  capitalist. 

hydrography. — The  upper  and  lower  New  York  bays  to- 
fier  constitute  one  of  the  most  capacious  harbors  in  the 
litcd  States,  their  capacity  being  largely  augmented  by 
tl  deep  and  admirable  harbor  facilities  aflbrdcd  by  the 
||t  and  North  (or  Hudson)  Rivers.  Upon  the  noble 
ijir  harbor  of  New  York  are  situated  the  cities  of  New 
^jk,  Brooklyn,  and  Long  Island  City,  in  New  York,  and 
J.cy  City  and  Ilobokon,  in  New  Jersey.  Sag  Harbor, 
^i  snport.  Port  Jefl'erson,  and  the  Hudson  River  cities  are 
t, principal  ports  on  tidal  waters.  Dunkirk  and  Buffalo 
ojLake  Erie,  Lewiston  and  Tonawanda  on  the  Lower 
J,  jara,  Charlotte,  Sodus,  Fairhaven,  Oswego,  and  Sack- 
ej  Harbor  on  Lake  Ontario,  Cape  Vincent  and  Ogdens- 
bjjon  the  St.  Lawrence,  Rouse's  Point,  Plattsburg,  Port 
l,  ry,  and  Whitehall,  on  Lake  Champlain,  are  important 
P(«.  The  ports  of  entry  are  Buffalo,  Plattsburg,  Cape 
^^Jent,  Dunkirk,  Rochester  (whose  port  is  at  Charlotte), 

;'  York,  Sag  Harbor,  Suspension  Bridge,  Ogdensburg, 
»   Oswego.    Port  Jefferson  and   the  principal  Hudson 


River  towns  are  ports  of  delivery.  The  principal  rivers 
are  the  Hudson  and  St.  Lawrence,  both  important  com- 
mercial channels;  the  Mohawk,  an  affluent  of  the  Hud- 
son, affording  extensive  water-power  at  Cohoes  and  Little 
Falls;  the  Oswego,  which  discharges  the  waters  of  the 
navigable  lakes  Canandaigua,  Keuka,  Seneca,  Ciiyuga, 
Owasco,  Skaneateles,  Cross,  Onondag.a,  Otisco,  Cazenovia, 
and  Oneida;  the  Genesee,  Alleghany,  and  Susquehanna 
with  its  main  tributaries  the  Charlotte,  Chemung,  Che- 
nango, and  Unadilla ;  the  Delaware  and  its  branches ; 
the  Black,  Oswegntchic,  Grass,  Racket,  Chazy,  Saranac, 
and  Au  Sable,  which  are  important  streams  of  the  N.  and 
N.E.  Besides  the  lakes  already  mentioned,  there  are 
innumerable  other  lakes,  largo  and  small,  scattered  over 
every  part  of  the  state.  Of  these  we  may  name  as  espe- 
cially noteworthy  Lakes  Chautauqua,  Cattaraugus,  Hem- 
lock, Honeoye,  the  Green  Lakes,  Lakes  Otsego,  Schuyler, 
Schroon,  George,  Placid,  Pleasant,  Piseco,  <tc.,  many  of 
them  favorite  resorts  for  the  angler  and  the  summer  tourist. 
The  rivers  and  creeks  of  the  state  furnish  much  and  un- 
usually constant  water-power. 

Canals. — This  state  owns  and  has  in  operation  canals 
and  navigable  feeders  with  an  aggregate  length  of  8.57 
miles,  extended,  by  means  of  natural  water  artificially  ren- 
dered navigable,  to  907  miles.  The  canals  are  under  a 
canal  board,  to  which  belong  several  of  the  principal  execu- 
tive ofiicers  of  the  state,  together  with  the  state  engineer 
and  the  canal  commissioners.  Of  these  canals  the  Erie, 
from  Buffalo  to  Albany,  and  the  Champlain,  from  AVest 
Troy  to  Whitehall,  are  by  far  the  most  important.  These 
canals  have  long  been  extremely  serviceable  in  moving 
grain,  coal,  lumber,  and  other  heavy  and  bulky  freight, 
except  in  winter;  but  the  necessary  repairs  and  the  com- 
petition of  railroads  have  made  them  at  times  in  recent 
years  a  source  of  expense.  The  repairs  and  ordinary  ex- 
penses of  the  canals  in  1 890  amounted  to  $826,934.84.  The 
canals  are  opened  in  the  latter  part  of  April  and  closed 
December  1.  The  total  tonnage  for  the  season  of  1890  was 
5,246,162  tons.  Nearly  forty  per  cent,  of  all  the  grain  de- 
livered in  New  York  City  reaches  it  by  way  of  the  canals. 
The  locks  are  being  enlarged  to  allow  locking  two  boats  at 
ft  time,  as  by  this  means  from  two  to  three  days  are  saved 
in  a  round  trip.  The  majority  of  the  locks  between  Buffalo 
and  Albany  have  already  been  doubled  in  capacity.  Besides 
the  above,  there  are  private  canals,  aggregating  101  miles, 
of  which  the  Delaware  &  Hudson,  from  Honesdale,  Pa.,  to 
Eddyville,  N.Y.,  is  the  most  important.  This  canal  does  a 
heavy  business  mainly  in  shipping  coal.  The  cost  of  all 
the  canals  to  the  state  is  placed  at  $61,890,206. 

Commerce. — The  ports  of  this  state  enumerated  above, 
taken  in  the  aggregate,  together  with  the  railroads  which 
cross  the  state  lines  into  Canada,  do  a  very  large  share  of 
the  import  and  export  trade  of  the  United  States,  the  port 
of  New  York  being  by  far  the  most  important  seat  of  com- 
merce in  this  country,  or,  indeed,  within  the  western  hem- 
isphere. A  very  large  share  of  all  goods  exported  from  the 
country  are  shipped  from,  and  by  far  the  larger  part  of 
the  foreign  imports  enter,  this  port ;  while  its  coasting  trade 
is  proportionally  prominent.  The  state  also  does  a  large 
part  of  the  lake-trade  with  the  West  and  Northwest. 

Fisheries. — Besides  the  whiteflsh-,  shad-,  and  other  lake 
and  river  fisheries,  which  are  very  important  and  are  lib- 
erally fostered  by  the  state,  the  sea-fisheries  are  quite  ex- 
tensive.  Sag  Harbor  district  employs  numerous  vessels  iu 
the  cod-  and  mackerel-fisheries,  and  Buffalo  handles  lake 
fish  to  the  value  of  hundreds  of  thousands  of  dollars.  Stil/ 
more  extensive  is  the  business  of  taking  and  rendering 
fish  for  oil  and  fish  guano.  Of  this  industry  Long  Island 
is  a  notable  seat.  Many  of  the  fishing-vessels  of  New 
England  are  occupied  also  solely  in  the  New  York  trade. 
Oyster-planting  is  an  important  occupation  in  the  waters 
near  New  York. 

Railroads. — The  first  railroad  was  opened  in  IS.*?!,  anci 
extended  from  Albany  to  Schenectady,  17  miles.  In  1846 
the  state  had  727  miles  of  railway;  in  1850,  1361  miles;  in 
1855,  2583  miles;  in  1860,  2682  miles;  in  1865,3002  miles; 
rn  1870,  3928  miles;  in  1880,  6019  miles;  in  1890,7746 
miles,  built  at  an  average  cost  per  road-mile,  for  works,  of 
(approximately)  $75,997.  The  principal  railroad  corpora- 
tions are  the  great  combination  whicii  controls  the  Hudson 
River,  the  New  York  Central,  the  West  Shore,  the  Harlem, 
and  many  minor  lines  and  branches;  the  Delaware,  Lacka- 
wanna &  AVestern  Company  ;  and  the  New  York,  Lake  Erie 
and  Western,  from  Jersey  City,  N.J.,  to  Dunkirk,  N.Y. 

The  Counties  are  60  in  number,  viz.,  Albany,  Alleghany, 
Broome,  Cattaraugus,  Cayuga,  Chautauqua,  Chemung,  Che- 
nango, Clinton,  Columbia,  Cortland,  Delaware,  Dutchess, 


NEW 


n)88" 


NEW 


Brie,  Emox,  Franklin,  Fulton,  Geneseo,  Greene,  Hamilton, 
Herkimer,  Joffurson,  Kings,  Lewi;),  Livingiiton,  Mudisun, 
Monroe,  Muntgumery,  New  York,  Niagnra,  Oneida,  Oiiou- 
dagtfc,  Ontario,  Orange.  Orlean«,  Onwogo,  Otsego,  I'uluuiu, 
Queens,  Uonsjtulaer,  llicbmond,  llookliiDd,  St.  Lawrence, 
Svatoga,  Sotionectudy,  Scholiarie,  Sohuylor,  Soneua,  Steu- 
ben, SuH'uik,  Sullivan,  Tioga,  Tompkins,  Ulster,  Warren, 
Washington,  Wa.vno,  Westuhostor,  Wyoming,  and  Vatcs. 

The  principal  cities  nnd  towns,  according  to  the  latest 
census  rvturns,  are  as  fuliows:  Kew  York,  principally  situ- 
ated upon  Manhattan  Island,  the  largest  city  of  the  New 
AVorld(pop.  inlSSO,  1,2(I6,2U«;  in  18«0,  1,516,301);  Brook- 
lyn, properly  a  suburb  of  New  York  (pop.  in  1880,  6«6,663 ; 
in  I8U0,  80tS,34:i);  Long  Island  City,  another  suburb,  ad- 
joining Brooklyn  on  the  N.  (pop.  30,600);  Yonkors  (pop. 
32,033);  Albany,  the  capital  (pop.  in  1880,  90,758;  in  IBUO, 
94,1)23);  Buffalo,  the  third  city  in  population  and  impor- 
tance in  the  state  (255,564);  Kochestor  (133,896),  Syracuse 
(88,143),  Troy  («0,956),  Utioa  (44,007),  Biughamton 
(35,005),  Elmira  (30,893),  Auburn  (25.868),  Newburg 
(23,087),  Cohoos  (22,509),  Poughkeepsie  (22,206),  Oswego 
(21,842),  Kingston  (21,261),  Schenectady  (19,902),  Am- 
sterdam (17,336),  New  Brighton  (16,423),  Jamestown 
(16,038),  Lockport  (16,038),  Rome  (14,991),  Watertown 
(14,725),  Edgewater  (14,625),  Gloversville  (13,864),  West 
Troy  (12,967),  Middlotown  (11,977),  Saratoga  Springs 
(11,975),  Ogdonsburg  (11,662),  Ithaca  (11,079),  llornells- 
ville  (10,996),  Mount  Vernon  (10,830),  Lansingburg 
(10,650),  Hudson  (9970),  Peokskill  (9676),  Glen  Falls 
(9509),  Dunkirk  (9416),  Sing  Sing  (9352),  Port  Jervis 
(9327),  Little  Falls  (8783),  Cortland  (8590),  Corning 
(8550),  Flushing  (8436),  New  Rocholle  (8217),  Johns- 
town (7768),  Geneva  (7567),  Oloan  (7358),  Greenbush 
(7301),  Batavia  (7221),  Tonawanda  (7145),  Hoosick  Falls 
(Y014),  Plattsburg  (7010),  Port  Uiohmond  (6290),  OneonU 
(6272),  Oneida  (6272),  College  Point  (6127),  Seneca  Falls 
(6116),  Canandaigua  (5868),  llaverstraw  (5710),  Niagara 
Falls  (5502),  Jamaica  (5361),  Port  Chester  (5274),  Norwich 
(5212),  Malone  (4968),  Catskill  (4920),  Hempstead  (4831), 
besides  a  number  of  towns  and  villages  having  more  than 
4000  inhabitants,  and  many  populous  townships. 

Government. — The  governor  is  chosen  for  a  term  of  three 
years,  and  has  an  annual  salary  of  $10,000,  with  the  free 
use  of  a  residence.  The  legislature  consists  of  a  senate  and 
an  assembly,  whose  members  are  respectively  chosen  for 
two  years  and  one  year.  Judicial  officers  are  chosen  by  the 
people,  and  have  limited  terms  of  service.  The  state  sends 
M:  representatives  to  the  lower  house  of  Congress,  and  has 
36  electoral  votes. 

Financea. — In  1875  the  state  owed  a  sum  total  of 
$28,328,686.40,  so  far  covered  by  sinking  funds  as  to  leave 
a  net  debt  of  $14,747,304.26.  The  debt  was  mainly  con- 
tracted in  the  construction  and  extension  of  the  state  canals, 
and  in  providing  bounties  during  the  war  of  1861-65.  In 
1890  the  gross  state  indebtedness  had  been  reduced  to 
$4,964,304.87,  the  sinking  fund  at  that  time  amounting  to 
$3,163,722.49,  leaving  a  net  debt  of  $1,800,581.38.  Value 
of  taxable  property,  $3,683,663,062. 

Public  Jnstitutiotis. — Among  these  are  the  penitentiaries 
at  Albany,  Buffalo,  Syracuse,  Brooklyn,  Rochester,  and 
Blackwell's  Island,  the  state  prisons  at  Auburn,  Danne- 
mora,  and  Sing  Sing,  numbers  of  city  and  county  prisons 
and  jails,  state  insane  asylums  at  Auburn,  Willard,  Ovid, 
Poughkeepsie,  Buffalo,  Ward's  Island,  and  Middletown,  be- 
Bjdes  private,  licensed,  and  incorporated  insane  retreats  at 
Blooiningdale,  Tro}',  Canandaigua,  Pleasantville,  Flushing, 
Fishkill,  Buffalo,  <fec.,  a  state  asylum  for  the  blind  at  Batavia, 
another  at  New  York  City  one  for  idiots  at  Syracuse,  seven 
institutions  for  deaf-mutes,  besides  some  private  schools  of 
the  same  class,  a  state  asylum  for  inebriates  (Binghamton), 
state  reformatories  for  youth  at  Rochester,  Elmira,  and 
Randall's  Island,  besides  11  municipal  and  other  reform- 
atories, state  almshouses  at  Albany,  Buffalo,  Canton,  Delhi, 
and  Y'aphank,  besides  county  and  local  almshouses.  There 
are  about  50  hospitals  (mostly  incorporated),  130  orphan- 
ages, (fee.,  and  more  than  50  dispensaries. 

Public  Education  was  first  in  some  measure  provided  for 
in  1796,  but  for  many  years  the  free-school  system  was 
very  defective,  and  its  full  development  is  but  recent. 
There  are  state  and  city  superintendents  of  schools,  besides 
county  school  commissioners,  and  the  higher  education  of 
the  state  is  supervised  by  the  regents  of  the  "  University 
of  the  State  of  New  York,"  a  corporation  which  does  not 
bestow  instruction,  but  creates,  supervises,  and  visits  col- 
leges, academies,  and  academical  union  schools,  and  has 
power  to  confer  the  higher  degrees,  as  well  as  to  conduct 
irritten  examinations,  and  to  assemble  the  university  con- 


vocation, which  embraces  the  ofliccrs  of  acadoinics  nnd  eol. 
leges.  There  are  state  normal  schools  at  Albany,  Brock- 
port,  Buffalo,  Cortland,  Fredonia,  Genosuo,  Oswego,  I»ot«" 
dam,  New  Palts,  Oneonta,  and  Plattsburg  ;  a  fonialo  norniBl 
college  nnd  a  colored  normal  college,  New  York  City;  col. 
leges  and  universities  at  Albany  nnd  Schenectady,  Annan^ 
dale,  Alfred,  Alleghany,  Aurora,  Brooklyn  (2),  Buffalo  (2) 
Canton,  Clinton,  Elmira,  Geneva,  Hamilton,  Itliaca,  Le  llov 
New  York  (7),  Palmyra,  Poughkeepsie,  Rochester,  and 
Syracuse,  including  6  ladies'  colleges  and  univernities,  and 
at  least  2  institutions  where  youth  of  both  sexes  are  in- 
structed. The  colleges  and  universities  and  other  lohooli 
of  New  York  City  are  noticed  under  that  head.  Among 
the  best-endowed  institutions  of  the  Ktiito  are  Union  Uni- 
versity,  Albany  and  Schenectady,  and  Cornell  Univeriitv 
at  Ithaca,  to  which  the  state  agricultural  college  and  Sage 
College  for  ladies  are  affiliated.  Evxiry  large  town  and  vil- 
lage  has  graded  schools,  in  many  cases  including  a  high 
school  or  a  free  academy.  There  are  also  a  largo  number 
of  Roman  Catholic  parochial  and  conventual  schools,  beside; 
other  private  institutions,  some  of  which  are  of  wide  repu 
tation.  The  public  school  system  is  in  part  sustained  by 
the  proceeds  of  a  school  fund,  distinct  from  which  is  the 
literature  fund,  the  income  of  which  is  divided  among  ih« 
teachers  of  academies  and  union  schools.  Education  is  by 
statute  made  conipuLsory.  Among  the  professional  schooli 
(some  of  them  affiliated  to  universities)  are  6  schools  of 
science  and  polytechnics,  4  of  law,  13  of  medicine  and  the 
kindred  professions,  and  12  or  more  of  theology. 

History. — This  region  was  once  divided  between  Indian 
tribes  of  the  Iroquois  and  Algonquin  stock.»,  the  Five  (or 
Six)  Nations  (Iroquois)  being  the  most  powerful  tribes.  In 
1609,  Henry  Hudson,  the  English  commander  of  a  Dutch 
vessel,  discovered  and  explored  New  York  Bay  and  the  Hud- 
son River,  and  named  the  country  New  Netherlands;  and 
in  the  same  year  Lake  Champlain  was  discovered  by  the 
French  explorer  whose  name  it  bears.  Manhattan  Island  waj 
settled  by  the  Dutch  in  1014,  and  the  town  of  New  Amster- 
dam (New  York)  was  then  founded.  In  1004  the  English, 
during  a  time  of  peace,  took  forcible  possession  of  the  then 
flourishing  colony,  and  gave  it  the  name  of  New  York,  in 
honor  of  the  Duke  of  York,  who  had  received  a  patent  foi 
the  country  from  Charles  II. ;  but  the  Dutch  authority  wiu 
afterwards  for  a  short  time  restored.  In  108^-91  oneLeislei 
usurped  and  exercised  the  governorship,  the  people  havin^ 
revolted  against  the  tyranny  of  the  lawful  authorities;  bul 
Leisler  was  hanged  in  1091.  The  northern  colonists  suf- 
fered much  during  the  French  and  Indian  wars  of  the  co- 
lonial period,  but  were  powerfully  defended  by  the  Iroquois, 
During  the  Revolution,  however,  the  Six  Nations  assisted 
the  British  forces.  Important  actions  took  ])laco  during 
that  struggle  at  Ticondcroga,  Flatbush,  White  Plains,  Stonj 
Point,  Stillwater,  and  other  places.  The  national  inde- 
pendence and  the  return  of  peace  were  followed  by  vexa- 
tious questions  of  jurisdiction  between  this  state,  Ncn 
Hampshire,  and  Massachusetts;  but  the  erection  of  th« 
Green  Mountain  region  into  a  new  state  (Vermont),  and 
the  relinquishment  by  Massachusetts  of  all  claims  in  West- 
ern New  York  except  the  right  of  soil,  put  an  amicabU 
end  to  both  difficulties.  The  battle  of  Plattsburg  was  th« 
most  important  action  fought  in  this  state  during  the  waii 
of  1812-15.  Slavery  was  abolished  in  1817.  In  1825  tbt| 
Erie  Canal  was  opened.  During  the  war  of  1861-65  th^ 
troops  of  New  York  state  bore  a  distinguished  part,  th 
state  paying  $40,000,000  in  bounties  to  her  volunteers.  Thi 
first  state  constitution,  adopted  in  1777,  was  superseded  i: 
1822.     The  present  constitution  was  adopted  in  1846. 

The  Population  in  1698  was  18,007;  in  1703,  20,665;  ill 
172.3,  40,564;  in  1731,  60,824;  in  1737,  60,437;  in  1749 
73,348;  in  1756,  96.790;  in  1771,  103,337;  in  17'.!" 
340,120;  in  1800,  689,061;  in  1810,  969,049;  in  ISl' 
1,372,111;  in  1830,1,918,608;  in  1840,  2,428,921 ;  in  IS-. 
3,097,394;  in  1860,  3,880,736;  in  1870,4,382,750,  notin 
eluding  the  5140  tribal  Onondaga,  Seneca,  Cayuga,  Oneida 
Tuscarora,  and  St.  Regis  Indians,  but  including  the  In 
dians  of  Long  Island.  Pop.  in  1880,  5,082,871;  in  1890, 
6,997,853.  'This  population  exceeded  that  of  any  otbci 
state.  Besides  the  original  Dutch,  Walloon,  and  Englist 
settlers,  many  Germans  of  the  Palatinate  early  entered  thi 
province,  very  largely  colonizing  the  -Mohawk  Valley;  and 
after  the  termination  of  the  war  of  the  Revolution,  and 
the  cession  of  the  Indian  lands,  many  thousands  of  fanners 
from  Massachusetts,  Connecticut,  Vermont,  nnd  Pennsyl-' 
vania  came  and  occupied  the  fertile  lands  of  Central  and 
Western  New  York.  Latterly  there  have  been  large  acces- 
sions of  immigrants  from  Ireland,  Germany,  and  Canada, 
especially  in  the  larger  towns. 


NEW 


(1989 


NEW 


New  York,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  New  York,  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Hudson  River,  and  on  the  E.  by 
liiirlem  and  East  Rivers.  It  comprises  Manhattan  Island, 
which  is  about  14  miles  long,  several  lesser  islands,  namely, 
Blackwell's,  Governor's,  Ward's,  Randall's,  Bedloe's,  and 
Ellis,  and  a  portion  of  the  mainland.  This  county  has  an 
abundance  of  granite  and  gneiss.  It  is  coextensive  with 
the  city  of  New  York.     Pop.  in  1890,  1,615,801. 

New  York  (Fr.  New-York,  nuh^-youk' ;  Sp.  Nueva 
FocA-,  nwi'v&  youk;  \i.  Nnova  York,  noo-o'vi  youk ;  L. 
No'vum  Ebor'acum),  the  commercial  metropolis  of  the  state 
of  New  York  and  of  the  nation,  and  the  most  populous  and 
important  city  of  the  western  hemisphere,  is  situated  chiefly 
upon  Manhattan  Island,  which  extends  from  the  confluence 
of  the  East  River  and  the  Hudson,  up  the  latter  13i  miles 
and  the  former  about  8  miles,  being  separated  from  the 
iiiiiiDland  by  Spuyten  Duyvil  Creek  and  the  Harlem  River. 
Average  breadth.  If  miles.  The  lat.  of  the  city  hall  is 
40°  42'  43"  N.,  its  Ion.  74°  0'  3"  W.,  and  it  is  about  18 
miles  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  142  miles  S.  of  Albany,  213 
miles  S.W.  of  Boston,  and  90  miles  N.E.  of  Philadelphia. 

The  charter  limits  of  the  city  now  include,  besides  Man- 
Ihattan  Island,  the  islands  in  New  York  Bay  off  the  Battery 
'l(Governor'8,  Bedloe's,  and  Ellis),  and  in  East  River  (Black- 
Voll's,  Ward's,  and  Randall's),  and  a  considerable  district 
of  the  mainland,  the  total  length  from  the  Battery  on  the 
3.  to  Mount  St.  Vincent  on  the  N.  being  about  16  miles, 
fthe  maximum  breadth,  from  the  mouth  of  the  Bronx  W.  to 
khe  Hudson,  4i  miles,  and  the  aggregate  area  not  far  from 
lili  square  miles,  or  26,560  acres,  of  which  about  14,000 
jicres  are  within  Manhattan  Island  and  upwards  of  12,000 
kores  on  the  mainland.  Within  the  present  limits  of  the 
kty  are  a  number  of  former  villages  and  hamlets,  the  names 
|}f  which  arc  still  in  colloquial  use  to  designate  the  localities : 
Indeed,  the  post-offices  of  some  of  thorn  are  continued  as 
Ibranches  of  the  main  post-ofBco  of  the  city  under  their 
(rormer  distinctive  names.  They  are  Yorkville,  Blooming- 
|lale,  Manhattan,  Harlem  (post-office*,  Carmi\nsville,  Wash- 
ington Heights  (or  Fort  Washington),  Inwood,  Mott  Haven, 
[Port  Morris,  Melrose,  Morrisania  (post-oDTice),  High 
'Bridge  (post-oflice),  Claremont,  Tuemont  (post-office), 
•Mount  Hope,  Mount  Eden,  Fairmount,  West  Farms,  Bel- 
'nont,  FoRDHAjf,   Kings    Bridob    (post-oflice),    Spuyten 

OUYVII,,    Mosholu,    RiVBRDALE    (post-office),    WOODLAWN, 

'ind  Mount  St.  Vincent.  The  branch  post-offices,  however, 
ire  generally  designated  by  certain  letters  of  the  alphabet, 
K,  B,  C,  (fee.  The  boundaries  of  the  city  are :  W.  the 
ludson  River;  N.  Yonkers;  E.  the  Bronx  River  to  its 
iioulh,  whence  Long  Island  Sound  forms  the  S.  boundary 

0  the  eastern  shore  of  Randall's  Island,  and  thence  t'ue 
last  River  to  its  junction  with  the  Hudson,  olT  tho  Bat- 
ery,  S.  and  W.  of  which  are  Governor's,  Bedloe's,  and 
iliis  Islands.  The  mainland  portion  of  tho  city  is  largely 
«cupied,  especially  in  the  highlands  at  the  N.,  l)y  mansions 

ith  attractive  gardens,  and  highly-improved  farms,  though 
•\  some  places,  as  at  Morrisania,  West  Farms,  <tc.,  there  are 
ompact  villages  with  avenues  and  streets;  the  avenues  and 
trcets  of  Morrisania  run  in  general  harmony  with,  and  are 
umbered  in  continuation  of,  those  of  the  N.E.  portion  of 
lanhattan  Island,  its  central  thoroughfare  being  a  con- 
nuation  of  Third  avenue,  which  after  crossing  Harlem 
ridge  runs  N.N.E.  Of  the  main  city,  the  S.,  below  Tenth 
reet,  is  densely  built,  and  the  streets  are  mostly  narrow 
nd  irregular  in  their  lines  and  intersections;  N.  of  Third 
reet  the  E.  side  becomes  regular,  tho  avenues  running  N. 
nJ  S.  and  the  streets  crossing  them  at  right  angles.  From 
ourteenth  street  as  far  N.  as  One-Uundred-and-Fifty- 
ifth  street  the  entire  city  from  the  Hudson  to  East  River 
handsomely  laid  out  in  squares,  with  broad  avenues  and 
rcets:  the  chief  exception  to  the  regular  rectangular  plan 
''the  city  between  Fourteenth  and  One-Hundrcd-and-Fifty- 
ifth  street  is  that  Broadway  trends  to  the  N.N.W.  from 
nion  Square.  The  N.  end  of  the  island  is  very  irregularly 
lough  handsomely  laid  out,  and  in  part  occupied  by  Fort 
j'ashington  and  the  Parade-Ground,  while  there  is  a  de- 
[;htful  "  Riverside  Drive"  along  the  Hudson  shore  and 
[•ound  the  Spuyten  Duyvil  and  Harlem  curves. 

1  All  the  vast  commercial  enterprises  and  interests  of  New 
Jerk  have  their  sent  S.  of  Fourteenth  street,  and  the  S.  end 
''  the  island  is  entirely  given  up  to  business.     Those  of 

le  money  and  mercantile  princes  of  New  York  who  reside 
'?on  Manhattan  Island  mostly  have  their  mansions  N.  of 
Iwenty-Third  street  and  E.  of  Broadway,  in  Fifth  and 
j.adison  avenues,  extending  to  the  limits  of  the  park, 
■here  are  also  palatial  residences  on  the  W.  side  of  the 
jirk,  between  Seventy-Second  and  Eighty-Sixth  streets, 
^^  \i  West  End  avenue,  and  on  the  Riverside  and  Parkside 


drives.  Many  well-to-do  people  have  their  homes  N.  and 
W.  of  the  island,  in  the  highlands  of  the  mainland;  while 
in  Westchester  co.,  on  Long  Island,  and  in  New  Jersey, 
within  a  radius  of  15  or  20  miles  of  the  city,  are  the  abode/: 
of  thousands  of  its  business  men.  The  islands  of  the  East 
River  and  the  bay  are  all  improved  and  utilized;  those  in 
the  bay  belong  to  the  United  States,  and  are  mostly  occu- 
pied by  fortifications,  magazines,  Ac,  the  Military  Depart- 
ment of  the  Atlantic  having  its  headquarters  on  the  largest. 
The  East  River  islands  are  occupied  by  benevolent,  chari- 
table, and  correctional  institutions  of  the  city,  and  on 
Blackwell's  is  one  of  the  state  penitentiaries;  some  of  tho 
best  of  the  famous  hospitals,  asylums,  Ac,  of  New  York  are 
situated  upon  these  islands.  The  city  also  owns  a  long  and 
narrow  but  small  island,  called  Hurt's  Island,  in  the  Sound, 
3i  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Fort  Schuyler,  whereon,  besides  an  in- 
dustrial school,  a  branch  lunatic  asylum,  and  a  branch 
almshouse,  is  the  city  cemetery,  "the  Potters'  Field,"  for 
unknown  and  pauper  dead.  In  addition  to  the  charitable 
institutions  maintained  by  the  city  in  its  corporate  character, 
there  are  a  great  number  of  benevolent  and  philanthropio 
institutions  designed  to  meet  the  requirements  of  the  poor 
and  unfortunate  of  every  class,  condition,  and  kind,  sus- 
tained by  voluntary  contributions  of  its  citizens,  some  of 
which  are  supported  and  conducted  by  the  several  religious 
denominations,  others  by  masonic  and  kindred  societies,  and 
many  more  by  the  benevolent  and  philanthropic  without 
•listinction.  The  sum  expended  annually  upon  charity  and 
benevolence  in  this  city  is  not  far  from  §3,500,000.  No 
city  in  the  world  is  better  i)rovided  in  this  respect;  and, 
while  caring  generously  for  its  own  poor  and  unfortunate. 
New  York  enjoys  a  reputation  unsurpassed  for  liberal 
response  to  every  plea  for  help  from  other  localities,  not 
only  of  our  own  but  even  of  foreign  lands.  One  of  the 
most  praiseworthy  of  the  organizations  of  this  great  city 
is  the  Society  for  the  Prevention  of  Cruelty  to  Animals, 
commenced  here  in  1866  by  Henry  Bergh  ;  and  so  suc- 
cessful has  it  been  that  similar  societies  have  since  been 
formed  in  other  large  cities.  Among  the  best  of  the  local 
charities  are  those  connected  with  the  famous  "  Five  Points 
Mission  ;"  a  home  for  old  men  and  aged  couples ;  a  number 
of  asylums,  homes,  Ac,  especially  for  the  relief  of  poor  but 
industrious  women,  for  the  reclaiming  of  fallen  women  (by 
providing  comfortable  homos  and  suitable  employments), 
and  for  the  care  of  children,  the  blind,  the  deaf  and  dumb, 
Ac  'There  are  numerous  philanthropic  organizations  which 
aim  to  help  those  who  are  willing  to  help  themselves,  by 
extending  temporary  assistance  either  in  tho  way  of  small 
loans  or  by  providing  employment;  and  still  others  furnish 
lodging  or  board,  or  both,  to  j'oung  working-women,  or  to 
other  worthy  industrious  persons,  at  prices  far  below  those 
prevailing  in  ordinary  boarding-houses.  Its  pre-eminence 
as  the  metropolis  of  the  country  makes  New  York  the  seat 
of  various  national  societies  and  associations  for  the  ad- 
vancement of  religion,  morals,  knowledge,  <fec,  as  the 
American  Bible  Society,  the  American  Tract  Society,  the 
Publication  and  Missionary  Soc«etie3  of  various  religious 
denominations,  Ac. ;  but  it  is  also  noted  for  its  local  so- 
cieties and  associations  of  similar  kinds  and  for  similar 
purposes.  Among  the  more  noteworthy  organizations  for 
tho  diffusion  of  scientific,  art,  and  other  knowledge,  and 
for  the  promotion  of  culture  and  learning  among  the 
people,  are  tho  following.  (1)  The  American  Geograpliical 
Society,  the  only  organization  upon  this  continent  exclu- 
sively devoted  to  the  advancement  of  the  science  of  geog- 
raphy and  the  dissemination  of  geographical  information. 
(2)  Cooper  Union,  one  of  the  most  important  and  valuable 
institutions  of  this  country,  which  demands  a  brief  notice  on 
account  of  its  unique  char.actor  in  more  than  one  respect :  it 
is  an  educational  institution  especially  for  tho  benefit  of  tho 
working  classes;  established  by  the  munificence  of  a  single 
citizen,  Peter  Cooper,  it  has  about  3500  pupils  annually  in 
its  free  classes,  and  a  considerable  number  in  classes  that 
have  been  formed  for  such  as  can  afford  to  pay  a  small  fee. 
The  regular  curriculum  comprehends  English  literature, 
rhetoric  and  elocution,  mathematics  (including  astronomy), 
natural  philosophy,  chemistry,  mechanics,  drawing  in  all  its 
branches,  modelling  in  clay,  painting,  wood-engr>iving,  Ac. 
It  has  a  fine  reading-room,  and  a  well-chosen  library, 
and  courses  of  free  lectures  are  given  during  the  cool 
months.  The  building  of  the  Cooper  Union  is  a  large,  sub- 
stantial, and  rather  attractive  one,  tho  erection  of  which 
cost  Mr.  Cooper  $630,000,  and  he  further  endowed  the  Union 
■with  $300,000  to  sustain  the  library  and  reading-room.  Tho 
annual  cost  of  the  schools,  classes,  Ac,  is  said  to  be  about 
$50,000.  (3)  The  American  Institute,  the  purpose  of  which 
is  to  foster  nud  promote  domestic  manufactures  by  confer- 


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ring  prices  and  other  benefits  on  peraont  excelling  in  mana- 
faoturcs,  onmiuerce,  and  the  arts,  and  on  inventors  of  im- 
proved applianoes,  uincbincry,  tools,  apparatus,  Ao.,  in 
manufacture*,  agriculture,  oouitucroe,  science,  and  art:  it 
ha<  a  large  building,  an  cxoellent  library  of  11,000  to 
12,000  works  on  science,  arts,  and  other  topics  relating  to 
its  speoialtie!>,  and  holds  annual  exhibitions  or  fairs. 

Now  York  is  the  scat  of  Columbia  College,  chartered  in 
1754  lis  King's  College,  and  reincorporntod  under  its  present 
title  in  17S4  :  it  bos  un  academic,  a  scientific,  and  a  law  de- 

5artmont,  each  with  a  full  faculty  and  complete  equi|unent. 
'he  University  of  the  City  of  New  York,  chartered  in  1830, 
is  also  an  institution  of  high  character,  with  departments  of 
arts,  science,  law,  and  medicine,  each  having  a  faculty  of 
Able  professors.  Hero  are  likewise  several  excellent  colleges 
devoted  to  special  branches  of  study,  as  medicine,  phar- 
macy, law,  theology,  &o. ;  among  the  last-mentioned  of 
'which  the  Union  Theological  Seminary  (Presbyterian)  and 
tbo  Protestant  Episcopal  General  Theological  Seminary 
have  a  national  reputation.  New  Y'ork  has  over  SO  public 
libraries,  of  which  the  Mercantile,  Apprentices',  Harlem, 
Women's,  and  that  of  the  Y'oung  Men's  Christian  Asso- 
oiation  are  circulating  libraries,  and  the  Astor,  Cooper 
Union,  American  Institute,  Historical  Society,  and  Lenox 
are  free  to  persons  wishing  to  consult  or  read  the  works 
in  their  respective  reading-rooms,  subject  only  to  certain 

f»rotoctive  restrictions.  Many  of  the  library  buildings  are 
arge,  spacious,  and  handsome:  that  of  the  Lenox  Library, 
erected  by  Mr.  James  Lenox  at  a  cost  of  about  $1,000,000, 
ia  a  massive,  imposing  structure,  one  of  the  finest  in  the 
oountry;  its  founder  gave  the  ground  and  building,  fur- 
nished the  latter  throughout,  endowed  the  institution  with 
$250,000,  and  presented  to  it  a  large  and  valuable  collec- 
tion of  books,  sculptures,  paintings,  ceramics,  <feo.,  collected 
by  him  at  an  immense  cost  during  a  long  term  of  years. 

The  public  schools  of  New  York  have  for  many  years 
bad  the  reputation  of  being  inferior  to  none;  the  system 
includes  the  College  of  the  City  of  New  York,  the  Normal 
College  and  Training-School,  the  Saturday  Normal  School 
for  Teachers,  108  grammar-schools,  80  preparatory  depart- 
ments to  the  grammar-schools,  47  primary  schools,  6  dis- 
tinctive schools  for  colored  children,  47  special  schools 
(those  attached  to  reformatories,  orphan  asylums,  Ac),  32 
evening  schools  (including  an  evening  high  school),  and  a 
nautical  school  on  bourd  of  a  ship;  in  all,  322  schools  of 
all  grades.  New  York  contains  410  church  buildings,  of 
olmost  every  denominntion,  including  all  the  evangelical 
Christian  bodies,  the  Roman  Catholic  church,  the  Jews, 
Ac.  Among  the  more  notable  churches  is  the  John  Street 
Methodist  Episcopal  church,  well  known  throughout  the 
country  under  the  designation  of  "  the  cradle  of  American 
Methodism  ;"  the  first  "  society"  was  organized  here  in 
176(5,  and  it  has  continued  to  exist  ever  since;  the  first  edi- 
fice was  dedicated  October  30,  1768,  and  stood  until  it  was 
torn  down  in  1854  to  give  place  to  the  larger  and  more 
modern,  though  plain,  building  now  occupied.  The  oldest 
church,  however,  with  the  possible  exception  of  the  "  Dutch 
lleformed  Collegiate  Corporation,"  is  the  famous  Trinity 
(Protestant  E|)iscopal)  church,  which  is  particularly  notable 
on  account  of  its  wealth,  being  the  wealthiest  single  organi- 
sation in  the  United  States:  it  was  established  in  the  latter 
part  of  the  seventeenth  century,  the  land  on  which  the 
church  now  stands  having  been  granted  by  the  English 
government  in  1697,  during  which  year  the  first  edifice  was 
built  and  consecrated;  this  church  was  destroyed  in  the 
great  fire  of  1776;  the  next  building,  not  completed  until 
1788,  stood  until  1839,  when  it  was  pronounced  unsafe,  torn 
down,  and  replaced  by  the  present  handsome  Gothic  church. 
The  parish  is  an  extensive  one,  having  not  less  than  five 
flourishing  chapels,  besides  the  parent  church,  with  a  rector 
and  eight  or  nine  .assistant  ministers.  It  sustains  numerous 
parochial  and  industrial  schools,  a  workingmen's  club,  an 
infirmary,  a  home  for  aged  female  communicants,  an  em- 
ploj'ment  society,  and  other  excellent  charities,  and  con- 
tributes liberally  to  church  work  in  various  parts  of  the 
United  States. 

There  are  published  in  New  York  37  daily  papers,  of 
which  28  are  morning  and  9  evening;  of  the  former,  8  are 
specialist  (devoted  to  finance,  commerce,  law  reports,  Ac.) 
and  13  general  newspapers,  and  of  these  2  are  French,  1 
Bohemian,  4  German,  and  several  Hebrew,  Italian,  and 
Scandinavian ;  of  the  evening  papers  1  is  German  ;  6  of 
the  dailies  issue  semi-weekly  and  15  of  them  weekly  edi- 
tions; an<i  there  are,  besides,  5  semi-weekly,  190  weekly, 
&  bi-weekly,  and  22  semi-monthly  papers,  and  68  monthly, 
4  bi-monthly,  and  11  quarterly  periodicals. 

The  more  or  less  notable  buildings  of  New  York  are 


numerous.  Among  these  tne  new  post-office  is  one  of  tin 
largest  and  most  conspicuous  structures ;  it  co«t  betwcut 
$6,000,000  and  $7,000,000,  and  occupied  nearly  seven  yenri 
in  its  erection;  it  is  of  mixed  architecturo,  Doric  and  tlu 
so-called  Renaissance  prevailing.  The  United  States  Treaa 
ury  building  (Doric  and  Corinthian),  the  cuslom-houM,  Ihi 
city  ball  (Italian  Renaissance),  the  new  court-house  (ohicllj 
Corinthian),  the  city  prison,  called  "the  Tomb?"  (pun 
Egyptian,  and  a  fine  specimen),  the  new  Roman  Catliolic 
catheilral  (a  good  example  of  the  Dooornted  (iothio),  tin 
masonic  temple,  the  Odd-Fellows'  hall.  Trinity  ohurcl 
(Gothic),  and  the  Jewish  Temple  Emanuel  (Saracenic)  an 
oil  large,  substantial  edifices;  besides  these  are  St.  Paul'i 
church,  Grace  church,  the  Fifth  Avenue  synagogue,  tb( 
corn  exchange,  the  Equitable  building,  Aftur  library 
Cooper  Union,  Fifth  Avenue  hotel.  Hotel  Waldorf,  tbi 
Grand  Opera-House,  and  the  A.  T.  Stewart  ond  Vanderbil 
mansions;  and  many  of  the  hospitals,  asylums,  "homes,' 
colleges,  libraries,  and  other  public  buildings,  are  costly 
handsome  edifices.  There  are  also  noteworthy  boteli 
banks,  newspaper  and  insurance  buildings,  Ac,  and  pala 
tial  private  residences.  A  comparatively  new  departuri 
in  home  life  in  New  York  is  found  in  the  "apartment 
houses"  and  "  French  flats"  which  have  lately  snnin) 
up  in  the  residence  part  of  the  city,  many  of  the  forioei 
being  structures  of  great  extent  and  elegance,  embracin; 
a  first-class  restaurant,  and  numerous  "apartments"  ele 
gantly  furnished,  and  each  commanding  a  rental  of  from  on( 
thousand  to  several  thousand  dollars  per  annum,  while  th( 
latter  (the  "flats")  oncupy  each  an  entire  floor  of  a  smalle 
house,  and  are  rented  lor  housekeeping,  uufurnisbcd,  a 
from  $600  per  annum  upward.  Apartment  houses  of  Ibi 
first  class  have  passenger  elevators,  are  fire-proof,  and  an 
sometimes  built  from  ten  to  twelve  stories  in  height. 

The  Central  Park  is  one  of  the  finest  and  most  beautifu 
public  pleasure-grounds  in  the  world:  without  any  natura 
advantages,  by  the  liberal  and  judicious  expenditure  of 
money,  one  qf  the  most  delightful  spots  conceivable  bai 
been  produced  from  a  barren  wilderness;  its  area  is  84( 
acres,  with  about  9  miles  of  carriage-drives,  5  to  SJ  mile: 
of  bridle-paths,  upwards  of  28  miles  of  footwalks,  seats  fu. 
10,000  persons,  an  excellent  menagerie,  a  meteorologioa 
observatory,  restaurants,  a  bnll-ground,  a  ])lay-ground  fo 
young  children,  numerous  lakes,  terraces,  garden-plots,  Ac 
Riverside  Park,  a  narrow  strip  of  land  extending  for  about  i 
miles  along  the  Hudson  from  Seventy-Second  street  to  One 
Hundred-and-Thirtieth  street,  and  especially  of  intercs 
as  the  burial-plnco  of  General  Grant,  contains  about  201 
acres,  partially  laid  out  and  improved.  It  is  of  easy  ncce«. 
by  the  elevated  railroads  of  Sixth  and  Ninth  avenues,  sni 
its  prominent  points  afford  many  attractive  views  of  thi 
Hudson  and  the  scenery  beyond.  New  York  has,  besidei 
these,  about  a  dozen  smaller  parks  and  squares,  a  numbei 
of  attractive  picnic-grounds  within  easy  access  by  rail  oi 
water,  and  several  enjoyable,  well-kept  public  drives  alon] 
river  and  creek  and  into  rural  districts.  Indeed,  object 
of  interest  to  the  visitor  abound  in  all  parts  of  the  citj 
and  vicinity,  but  space  allows  little  more  than  a  casua 
allusion  to  them  in  these  pages.  Among  the  most  attrae 
live  is  the  iVletropolitan  Museum  of  Art  in  Central  Park 
near  the  Eighty-Fourth  street  station  of  the  Third  Avenui 
Elevated  Railroad,  embracing,  among  a  viist  number  o( 
minor  works,  the  Blodgett  collection  of  pictures,  the  D 
Cesnola  archaeological  collection,  numerous  celebrated  worki 
by  the  old  masters  and  modern  noted  artist",  contributec 
by  opulent  citizens  of  New  York,  and,  finally,  the  Wolfi 
gallery  of  pictures,  the  gift  of  Miss  Catharine  Lorillart 
Wolfe,  consisting  principally  of  fine  examples  of  the  worki 
of  celebrated  modern  artists,  and  valued  at  a  half-inillioi 
dollars.  Near  this  museum  stands  the  Egyptian  Ohelisl 
(Cleopatra's  Needle),  presented  to  the  city  of  New  Yorl 
by  the  late  Khedive  of  Egypt,  Ismail  Pasha,  and  opposite 
on  the  west  side  of  the  park,  stands  the  Museum  of  jiatura 
Historv,  accessible  by  the  Sixth  and  Ninth  Avenue  Ele 
vatrd  Railroads  (Eighty-First  street  station).  Proininen 
in  New  York  harbor,  on  Bedloe's  Island,  appenrs  Bartboldi'i 
colossal  statue,  "Liberty  Enlightening  the  World,"  stand 
ing  on  a  granite  pedestal  of  155  feet  and  reaching  to  a  tota 
height  of  305  feet  11  inches. 

Elevated  railways,  with  frequent  trains,  extending  froa 
the  Battery  to  the  extreme  northern  limits  of  the  city 
traverse  Second,  Third,  Sixth,  and  Ninth  avenues,  makinf 
it  possible  for  patrons  (of  whom  the  annual  number  ii 
160,000,000)  to  ride  some  15  miles  or  more  for  a  tingit 
fare  of  fire  cents  each.  About  50  lines  of  horse-cars  ol«| 
permeate  the  streets  in  all  directions,  carrying  over  200,-l 
000,000  passengers  per  annum.    Numerous  lines  of  ferwa 


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connect  New  York  with  the  outlying  cities  and  suburban 
districts,  among  whicli  are  lines  to  Brooklyn  (11),  Astoria 
(2),  Bedloe's  Island,  BJaokwell's  Island  (2),  Fort  Lee  (2), 
Governor's  Island,  Green  Point  (2),  Iloboken  (3),  Jersey 
City  (5),  Hunter's  Point  (2),  Weehawken  ^2),  &c.  The  fa- 
mous East  River  Suspension  Bridge,  5989  feet  long,  85  feet 
wide  with  ample  promenades  for  pedestrians,  drive-ways 
for  vehicles,  and  railroad-tracks  for  passenger-cars,  affords 
an  attractive  route  between  New  York  and  Brooklyn. 

According  to  the  annual  report  of  the  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce of  New  York  for  1891-92,  the  wealth  (assessed  valu- 
ation) of  New  York  City  was  as  follows :  real  estate, 
:$1,464,247,820  J  personal  property,  $321,609,518;  total, 
j$l,785,867,338.  The  statement  of  the  comptroller  of  the 
city  of  New  York  gives  its  total  funded  debt,  December  31, 
1891,  at  $150,298,869.73,  and  its  net  funded  debt  at  $97,- 
515,436.16.  The  census  of  1890  shows  an  increase  over 
1880  in  the  population  of  the  city  of  25.62  per  cent. ;  in- 
crease of  valuation,  47.96  per  cent. ;  and  decrease  of  muni- 
cipal debt,  less  sinking  fund,  6.34  per  cent. 

As  a  business  centre.  New  York  has  long  been  not  only 
the  first  city  on  this  continent,  but  the  second  city  of  the 
world,  London,  the  metropolis  of  the  British  realm,  being 
its  only  superior  in  the  variety,  extent,  and  importance  of 
its  commerce,  monetary  transactions,  and  general  business 
interests  and  enterprises.  The  United  States  has  here  its 
icbief  sub-treasury,  and  by  far  the  larger  part — fully  three- 
fourths,  if  not  four-fifths — of  all  the  financial  transactions 
of  the  General  Government  are  efifeoted,  loans  negotiated 
and  consummated,  interest  paid,  revenues  collected,  <to.,  by 
or  through  the  banks  and  bankers  of  New  York.  But  the 
Itmnsactions  of  the  government  are  much  less  than  a  moiety 
[of  the  vast  monetary  business  transacted  in  the  city.  As  a 
mere  intimation  of  the  ratio  of  the  monetary  business  of 
New  York  to  that  of  the  entire  United  States,  it  is  worthy 
of  note  that,  while  of  3140  national  banks  in  the  United 
'States  on  the  4th  of  October,  1888,  New  York  had  but  46, 
«f  the  aggregate  capital  stock,  amounting  to  $592,621,656, 
jthe  banks  of  New  York  had  $49,100,000  ;  of  the  aggregate 
i>l,350,320,8fil  held  as  individual  deposits,  those  of  this 
joity  had  $261,464,826;  of  the  aggregate  $1,674,886,285 
Joans  and  discounts,  the  banks  of  New  York  reported 
$292,495,481.  Then,  if  we  take  into  account  that  New 
li'ork  has  an  immense  number  of  private  banking-houses, 
[which  carry  on  a  business  often  exceeding  and  very  seldom 
falling  below  that  of  the  public  banks,  we  may  approxi- 
mate an  estimate  of  the  immense  business  transacted  here 
n  money  alone. 

A  careful  comparison  of  the  official  statements  of  the 
"oreign  commerce  of  the  several  United  States  ports  in  the 
•eports  of  the  United  States  Treasury  Department  for  a 
argc  number  of  years  shows  that  generally  over  45  per 
icnt.  of  all  the  exports  from,  and  65  per  cent,  of  all  the 
mports  into,  the  United  States  have  been  sent  and  re- 
;eived  by  way  of  the  port  of  New  York  ;  while  of  the  coin 
ind  bullion  exported  about  75  per  cent,  has  gone  from  this 
lort.  Upwards  of  65  per  cent,  of  the  customs  duties  of  the 
ountry  is  generally  here  collected ;  and  of  the  aggregate 
onnage  of  vessels  arriving  at  United  States  ports  from 
oreign  ports,  usually  more  than  50  per  cent,  is  registered 
•t  New  York. 

Tlie  total  value  of  foreign  imports  into  the  port  of  New 
'ork  for  the  year  ending  December  31,  1891,  was  $557,586,- 
12.  The  value  of  dutiable  goods  was  $254,102,154;  of 
ree  goods,  $268,329,418.  Value  of  specie  and  bullion, 
35,154,540.  The  total  value  of  exports  from  the  port  of 
few  York  to  foreign  ports  for  the  year  ending  December  31, 
891,  was  $483,081,31.3.  The  value  of  domestic  exports 
■as  $378,392,937  ;  of  foreign  exports,  $8,772,099. 
The  domestic  trade  of  New  York  is  also  immense,  largely 
xceeding  the  foreign.  Its  railroad  system  is  very  com- 
lete  and  comprehensive.  As  many  as  twenty  lines,  having 
,)nnections  which  extend  to  all  parts  of  the  country,  con- 
erge  at  New  York,  chief  among  which  are  the  Baltimore 
Ohio,  the  Central  of  New  Jersey,  the  Delaware,  Lacka- 
wanna A  AVestern,  the  New  York  Central  &,  Hudson  River, 
le  New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford,  the  Pennsylvania, 
le  West  Shore  <fc  Buffalo,  and  the  New  Jersey  Southern, 
large  proportion  of  the  trunk  lines  of  the  country  have 
leir  main  offices  here,  and  those  whose  routes  do  not  cross 
■  terminate  at  the  city  have  tributary  lines  or  branches 
lercto.  The  extensive  and  costly  canal  system  of  New 
,ork  state  has  also  its  centre  here.  Vast  numbers  of  local 
earners  and  ocean  ships,  reaching  to  almost  all  known 
,)rts  of  the  world,  either  have  their  principal  head-quarters 
/  New  York  or  are  frequent  visitors  there.  The  vessels 
J  the  Anchor  Line,  the  Cunard  Line,  the  Guion  Line,  the 


Inman  Line,  the  North  German  Lloyd,  and  the  White  Star 
Line  are  among  the  best-known  European  steamers,  while 
a  legion  of  river  craft,  coasters,  and  minor  ocean  steamers 
throng  the  harbor. 

The  commerce  of  New  York  has  attained  its  immense 
proportions  by  reason  of  the  energy  and  enterprise  of  its 
merchants,  rather  than  through  its  natural  advantages  as  a 
harbor  or  as  ii  centre  of  trade,  though  these  are  iinj)ortant. 
There  arc  numerous  organizations  of  business  men  to  foster 
and  develop  the  trade  of  the  port,  both  foreign  and  domes- 
tic. Conspicuous  among  these  are  the  "  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce of  New  York,"  whose  original  charter  was  granted 
by  George  III.  in  1770;  the  "New  York  Board  of  Trade 
and  Transportation,"  which  has  a  large  membership  among 
all  classes  of  business  men,  and  wields  a  great  influence 
both  within  and  far  beyond  the  city  of  New  York;  and 
the  "Now  York  Produce  Exchange,"  also  a  large  and 
influential  institution,  which  succeeded  the  "New  York 
Commercial  Association"  in  1868,  and  comprises  some  of 
the  most  energetic  and  enterprising  merchants  of  the  city. 
Its  annual  reports  are  invaluable  exhibits,  not  alone  of  the 
produce  trade  of  the  port  of  New  York,  but  of  the  entire 
commerce  of  that  port  and  of  the  more  important  branches 
of  the  trade  of  the  other  leading  ports  of  this  continent. 
There  are  exchanges  devoted  to  specific  branches  of  trade, 
a  number  of  warehousing  companies,  and  countless  other 
business  associations,  besides  nearly  50  national,  some  48 
state,  and  a  very  large  number  of  private  banks  and  bank- 
ing establishments,  with  an  aggregate  capital  of  immense 
amount,  whose  annual  transactions  exceed  those  of  all  the 
banks  elsewhere  on  this  continent. 

The  manufactures  of  New  York  are  only  less  important 
than  its  commerce.  The  census  of  1890  reports  more  than 
25,000  establishments,  in  nearly  300  branches  of  manufac- 
ture. These  employed  351,757  hands.  'Their  capital  aggre- 
gated $420,238,602,  wages  $228,537,295,  and  they  consumed 
materials  to  the  value  of  $357,086,305,  and  produced  goods 
to  the  value  of  $763,833,923,  Some  of  the  detailed  state- 
ments of  the  census  bulletin  for  1890  by  important  in- 
dustries are  as  follows:  men's  wholesale  clothing,  1554 
establishments,  aggregate  capital  $48,591,055,  wages  $22,- 
548,892,  value  of  goods  $68,630,780;  coffee  and  spices,  35 
establishments,  capital  $2,984,791,  wages  $478,905,  value 
$17,037,019;  foundry  and  machine-shop  products,  342 
establishments,  capital  $16,943,185,  wages  $17,302,617, 
value  $18,043,794;  slaughtering  and  meat-packing,  69 
establishments,  capital  $6,506,990,  wages  $1,439,532,  value 
$39,514,108.  In  New  York,  as  in  Philadelphia  and  most 
great  manufacturing  centres,  a  large  proportion  of  the 
manufactures  actually  belonging  to  the  city,  because  sus- 
tained by  its  capital  and  promoted  by  its  market,  is  credited 
to  counties  and  towns  beyond  the  city,  such  as  Brooklyn, 
N.Y.,  and  Newark  and  Paterson,  N.J. ;  so  that  the  census  re- 
turns of  the  manufactures  of  New  York  show  but  a  part  of 
their  actual  extent  and  value;  for  many  miles  in  all  direc- 
tions there  are  establishments  representing  various  indus- 
tries the  entire  capital  of  which  is  furnished  by  New  York 
and  the  productions  of  which  come  directly  into  New  York 
as  their  natural  market. 

For  local  government  purposes.  New  York  is  divided  into 
24  wards;  but  the  ward  division  is  of  little  interest,  as  it  is 
ignored  even  in  the  election  of  the  municipal  legislature. 
The  government  vests  in  a  mayor,  commissioners  of  sev- 
eral executive  departments,  and  a  board  of  aldermen.  The 
mayor  is  elected  biennially,  and  receives  a  salary  of  $12,000; 
he  has  the  right  of  vetoing  enactments  of  the  board  of  al- 
dermen, and  of  appointing,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the 
board,  the  commissioners  of  finance,  of  law,  of  public  works, 
of  parks,  of  docks,  of  police,  of  charities  and  corrections, 
of  fire,  of  health,  of  taxes  and  assessments,  and  of  build- 
ings. The  board  of  aldermen  is  the  city  legislature ;  each 
alderman  receives  a  salary  of  $4000.  'The  board  of  appor- 
tionment is  a  sort  of  upper  house,  consisting  of  the  mayor, 
comptroller,  tax  commissioner,  and  president  of  the  board 
of  aldermen  ;  it  controls  all  disbursements  of  the  city's 
money,  every  appropriation  requiring  its  sanction  before  it 
can  be  operative.  The  police  force  comprises  a  superin- 
tendent, 4  inspectors,  36  captains,  and  about  3400  patrolmen, 
roundsmen,  mounted  policemen,  and  harbor  policemen,  with 
a  number  of  sergeants,  station  supervisors,  <tc.  There  is  a 
large,  well-equipped,  and  efficient  paid  fire  department, 
with  alarm  telegraph,  <fec, ;  and  the  Croton  water-works 
supply  a  bountiful  measure  of  pure,  sweet  water.  There 
are  4  gas  companies  that  furnish  lights  of  10  candle  power. 
Street  and  other  public  lamps  number  about  24,886, 

The  criminal  reformatory  system  of  New  York  is  very 
coqiplcte,  iqcludi^Pg  iastitutious  for  all  ages  and  grades  of 


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malefiiotors.  It  is  only  fiiir  to  ray  that  the  oity'g  priKons, 
rerormntories,  Mylums,  hospitiile>,  nnd  ulnisliouseii  are  largely 
filled  with  foreign  inmiigrants.  Yuuiliful  dulinquenta  are 
restrnined  niid  truincd  to  better  wiiys  nt  the  House  of 
Kcfuge,  on  Randiill'a  Inlnnd.  There  are  jnils  in  the  several 
police  districts  for  iho  inearcerution  of  accused  persons  who 
cannot  secure  bail  |>ending  trial,  nnd  for  the  iuiprisonincnt 
of  those  convicted  of  oomnaratively  trivial  infractions  of 
law.  The  "Tombs,"  which  is  a  district  jail  also,  is  the 
main  city  prison.  There  is  a  House  of  l)etcntion,  where 
important  witnesses  ore  held  when  there  is  reason  to  doubt 
their  appearance  when  wanted.  There  is  a  workhouse  in 
which  habitual  drunkards  and  other  good-for-naughts  are 
oontincd   and   made  to  labor.     There  is  one  of  the   state 

Senitentiaries  on  Blackwell'g  Island.  "  Ludlow  Street 
ail"  serves  for  the  detention  of  debtors  against  whom 
creditors  take  oath  that  they  are  about  to  leave  the  state, 
and  for  persons  awaiting  trial  on  civil  process  when  there 
is  any  danger  of  there  fleeing  the  jurisdiction  of  the  local 
courts.  Persons  accused  of  violoting  any  national  law, 
and  awaiting  trial  in  the  Federal  courts,  are  confined  in  the 
last-named  jail  when  unable  to  procure  bail.  The  local 
courts  include  six  police  courts,  presided  over  by  police  jus- 
tices, who  are  committing  magistrates  in  criminal  cases  nnd 
have  original  jurisdiction  in  certain  civil  suits;  ten  district 
courts,  with  jurisdiction  in  civil  cases  where  not  more  than 
$2.')0  is  involved  ;  the  court  of  special  sessions  of  the  peace, 
and  the  court  of  general  sessions  of  the  peace,  which  are 
the  regular  criminal  courts,  with  a  court  of  oyer  and  ter- 
miner which  has  certain  exceptional  prerogativesand  powers 
in  criminal  cases;  the  court  of  common  pleas,  and  the  su- 
perior court  of  the  city  of  New  York,  the  higher  civil  courts, 
having  general  jurisdiction,  with  the  marine  court,  which 
has  jurisdiction  in  certain  specific  causes;  and  a  branch  of 
the  state  supreme  court,  which  holds  "general  term"  here 
at  least  once,  and  oftener  when  business  requires,  in  each 
year. 

The  city  and  county  being  coextensive.  New  York  dis- 
penses with  some  otBcers  required  by  counties  generally, 
while  it  has  others,  the  chief  ones  being  a  sheriff",  a  county 
clerk,  coroners,  a  county  register,  nnd  a  surrogate,  the  last- 
mentioned  being  the  head  of  a  sort  of  orphans'  court,  with 
many  of  the  prerogatives  of  a  judge,  but  subject  to  the 
right  of  appeal.  Besides  the  courts  uamed,  there  is  another 
called  "the  court  of  arbitration,"  which  is  perhaps  pecu- 
liar to  this  city  :  it  is  a  court  of  the  chamber  of  commerce, 
designed  to  avert  legal  litigation  by  adjusting  questions  of 
dispute  between  merchants  and  other  men  of  business;  the 
judge  is  appointed  by  the  governor  and  state  senate,  and 
receives  a  salary  of  $10,000,  but  his  jurisdiction  depends 
solely  upon  the  voluntary  submission  of  the  parties  to  any 
dispute. 

John  Verrazano,  an  Italian  navigator,  was  perhaps  the 
first  European  who  entered  New  York  Bay,  in  1625.  Man- 
hattan Island  was  discovered  in  1609  by  Henry  Hudson, 
an  English  navigator  in  the  employ  of  the  East  India 
Company  of  Holland  ;  three  years  later  the  first  settlement 
was  eftected  by  the  Dutch,  and  thus  commenced  the  settle- 
ment of  New  Amsterdam,  which  in  1648  contained  about 
1000  inhabitants.  In  1664  it  was  surrendered  to  the  Brit- 
ish, taking  the  name  of  New  York  ;  retaken  by  the  Dutch 
nine  years  afterwards,  they  held  it  but  a  single  year.  In 
1677  there  were  384  houses,  and  in  165)6  the  city  "owned  40 
ships,  62  sloops,  and  60  boats.  In  1700  the  population  was 
6000.  The  "  New  York  Gazette,"  a  weekly  paper,  appeared 
in  1725.  The  first  stage-route  to  Philadelphia  was  estnb- 
lished  in  1732,  and  stages  departed'*tor  Boston  monthly, 
taking  a  fortnight  on  the  route.  The  imports  of  1769 
amounted  to  $839,782.  In  178.3,  after  a  long  possession, 
the  British  troops  evacuated  New  York.  In  1807  the  first 
steamboat  was  built  at  this  port  to  navigate  the  Hudson. 
The  openingof  the  Erie  Canal  in  1825  gave  a  great  impetus 
to  New  York.  In  1837  the  Croton  Aqueduct  was  commenced, 
and  on  the  4th  of  July,  1842,  the  pure  waters  of  the  Croton 
Kivor  were  let  into  the  distributing  reservoir. 

The  population  of  Now  York  for  the  decennial  periods 
since  the  first  national  census  is  as  follows  :  in  1790,33,131  : 
in  1800,  60,489;  in  1810,  96,373;  in  1820,  12.3,706 ;  in  1830, 
197,112;  in  1840,  312,710;  in  1850,  515,547;  in  1860, 
813,669;  in  1870,  942,292,  or,  including  the  territory  sub- 
sequently annexed,  upwards  of  973,000;  in  1880,  1,206,299, 
homed  in  110,000  houses;  in  1890,  1,615,301 ;  in  1892  (local 
census),  1,801,739. 

New  York,  a  post-village  in  Union  township,  Wayne 
CO.,  Iowa,  about  13  miles  S.  of  Chariton.  It  has  2  churches. 
•     New  York,  a  post-oflSee  of  Henderson  co.,  Tex. 

New  York  Landing,  Cal.    See  Black  Diauono. 


New  York  Mills,  a  post-offlceof  Otter  Tail  co  Mlnr 
on  the  Northern  Pacific  Uailroa.1,  78  miles  E  of  hloa 
head.     Here  is  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  64. 

New  York  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Oneida  co  N  \ 
in  >Vhitostown  township,  on  Sadaquada  Creek,  nnd  nearil 
Erie  Canal  2  miles  from  Whitesborough  Station,  and  nbo 
95  miles  W.N.W.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  grade.!  icbool 
churches,  and  a  large  manufactory  of  fine  bleached  cotto 
goods  (shirting  and  oottonade).     Pop.  1284 

vdll'-ziMi.Nd' ;    Ger.  Neu-Sfeland,  noi^sA'lint)    a  Brillf 
colony  in  the  South  Pacific,  consisting  of  a  chain  of  island 
having  two  large  and  one  small,  besides  others  of  lest  not 
The  main  chain  extends  from  Capo  North,  in  S  luL  34"  •'2 
to  Capo  South,  In  47°  20'  S.,  and  from  Cape  Wwt.  in  E  To, 
106°  40',  to  Cape  Wai-Apoo.  in  K.  Ion.  1 78°  38'.    The"ire, 
eral  direction  is  S.E.  for  above  401)  miles,  and  S.W    f( 
900  miles.     The  area  of  the  three  islands  is  compnl«i  i 
104,660   square  miles.      Pop.  in   1881,  489,933;   in   189 
668,:!53.     Cook  Strait  separates  North   lojand  from  Soul 
island,  and  the  latter  is  sopuratod  from  .Stewart  Island  b 
Foveaux  Strait.     When  c.'<tabliKhed  as  a  colony,  in  184 
North,   Middle,  and  Soutli  Islands  were  ro-named— Ke 
Ulster,  New  Munster,  and  New  Leinator;  but  these  titli 
are  out  of  use  since  the  provincial  divisions  with  their  loc 
governments  have  been  instituted,  and  tlicy  are  now  know 
ns  North,  South,  and  Stewart  Islands.     Tlio  mineral  proi 
ucts  are  valuable  and  extensive.     Coal  is  widely  distribute, 
and  copper  is  met  with  in  several  localities.     In  1857  go 
was  found  in  Nelson  province,  which  has  since  exportc 
about  £50,000  annually,  but  the  export  is  now  on  the  d 
clino.    In  1861  productive  diggings  were  discovered  50  mil 
from  Dunedin,  the  exporte  in  1863  being  to  the  value  ( 
£1,584,000.    From  April  1,  1857,  to  December  31,  1386,  tl 
total  value  of  gold  entered  for  exportation  froui  the  coloc 
was   £43,231,476.     The   celebrated  Kauri   pine,  and  tl 
Phonnium   tenax,   or   New    Zealand   flax,   are  abundan 
These  islands  contain  largo  areas  of  forest-land,  affordit 
every  variety  and  size  of  timber  required  for  house-  at 
ship-building.    According  to  tlio  latent  ccnsu.«  returns,  the 
are  in  the  islands  about  12,000,000  sheep,  500,000  head  ( 
cattle,  100,000  horses,  and  125,000  pigs,  and  the  acroaj 
under   crops  is  about    2,000,000.     The   quantity  of  wo 
exported  per  annum  is  about  50,000, OOu  pounds.    Tot 
imports,  about   £8,000,000;    exports,  £7,500,000,   prino 
pally  to  Great  Britain.     The  greatest  value  of  exports 
from  Dunedin;  then  come  Lyttelton,  Auckland,  itud  We 
lington.     The   revenue   and   expenditures  of  the  coloc 
amount  to  about  £4,000,000  each,  and  tho  public  debt 
about  £40,000,000.     In  December,  1886,  there  were  10 
common  schools,  2721  teachers,  and  105,234  pupils.    Tl 
amount  expended  on  education  was  £430,373.    The  clima 
is   equable,   pleasant,   and  salubrious,  the  mean   annu 
temperature  being — for  Auckland,  in  lat.  30°  60'  6.,  6! 
Fahr.;  for  New  Plymouth,  in  39°  3'  S.,  50°;  for  Wollin 
ton,  in  41°  16'  S.,  55°;  for  Nelson,  in  41°  15'  S.,  55°;  f 
Christchurch,  in  43°  35'  S.,  53°;  and  for  Otago,  in  4i 
46'  S.,  50°.     Mean  of  the  coldest  month  at  Otago,  40°  Fah 
and  of  the  warmest  at  Auckland,  68°.    High  winds  pr 
vail.    The  average  rainfall  in  North  Island  varies  in  tl 
respective  provinces  from  45A  inches  to  59  inches  annuall 
while  in  South  Isl.and  it  is  from  30  to  34^  inches.    8nc 
seldom   falls,   excepting   in   the  southern  parts  of  Sou 
Island.     There  are  several  volcanic  cones,  the  chief  < 
which  is  Mount  Egmont,  in  Taranaki,  8S40  feet  high.    Tl 
town  of  Wellington  has  suffered  from   earthquakes, 
mountain-chain,  the  Southern  Alps,  runs  through  Son 
Island,  culminating   in   Mount   Cook,    12,362  feet  big 
Mount  Kaikora,  in  Nelson  province,  has  an  elevation  < 
9300  feet.     There  are  many  good  harbors  in  all  the  islnnc 
and  numerous  lakes  and  rivers  in  the  two  larger  ones.  T 
first  railroad  in  New  Zealand,  between  Christchurch  w 
Lyttelton,  was  opened  December  1,  1863.    In  1872  a  coi 
prehensive  railway  system  was  commenced  by  the  gover 
ment,  and  in  1887  tho  total  length  of  lines  which  had  be 
constructed  was  1809  miles,  the  cost  of  construction  beii 
£14,082,710.    The  aboriginal  race  is  rapidly  ou  the  declit 
According  to  a  census  made  on  March  1,  1874,  tho  numb 
of  the  natives  was  then  45,470.     The  country  was  fii 
formally  taken  possession  of  as  a  British  colony  in  184 
In  1837  tho  Now  Zealand  Company  was  formed  in  Enginn 
and  in  1851  made  over  its  afi°airs  to  the  government  for 
money  consideration  of  £268,370.     The  territory  was   i 
covered  in   1642  by  Tasman,  who  examined  the  westt 
coast;  and  Cook  explored  the  E.  side  in  17C9.    In  185.; 
free  constitution  was  proclaimed.    Shortest  sea-route 
Liverpool,  11,510  miles. 


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New  Zealand,  zoe'land,  a  post-rillage  in  York  co., 
N^ow  Brunswick,  on  the  New  Brunswick  Railway,  20  miles 
J.W.  of  Frcdericton.  It  contains  a  hotel,  a  grist-mill,  and 
,  sftW-mill.     Pop.  260. 

New  Zi'on,  a  post-township  of  Clarendon  co.,  S.C.,  20 
lilcs  N.E.  of  Manning.     Pop.  640. 

Nexoe,  nfix'ij'eh,  a  town  of  Denmark,  on  the  R  coast 
f  the  island  of  Bornholm.     Pop.  1584. 

Nexoii,  nSx'Ano',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute- Vienne, 
0  miles  S.  of  Limoges.     Pop.  2855. 

Ncy»  na,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  co..  111. 

Ncy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Defiance  co.,  0.,  6i  miles  S.  of 
ryan.    It  has  a  church. 

Ncyva,  or  Neiva,  a  town  of  Hayti,  70  miles  E.  of  Port- 
a-1'rinco,  on  the  river  Ney va,  which  enters  Neyva  Bay  on 
!ie  S.  coast,  after  a  course  of  75  miles.  A  small  river  of 
jortURal  has  this  name. 

Neyva,  or  Neiva,  ni'e-vi,  a  town  of  the  republic  of 
'oloinbia,  department  of  Cundinnmarca,  on  the  Magdalena, 
';  the  influx  of  the  Ney va  River,  1 32  miles  S.W.  of  Bogota. 

Neze,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Neive. 

Nezhcen,orNejin,n4-zheen',  written  alsoNeschin, 

icsliin,  and  Niejin,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and 

)  miles  S.S.E.  of  Chernigov,  on  the  Oster.  Pop.  21,590. 
f,  is  enclosed  by  ramparts,  and  has  a  cathedral,  numerous 

!h(jr  churches,  some  convents,  a  hospital,  a  high  school, 
college,  and  manufactures  of  soap,  leather,  Ac. 
Nezidcr,  the  Hungarian  name  of  Neusiedl-am-See. 
Ncz  Perce,  ni  p^ii^si'  (usually  pronounced  nay  per'cy), 
!•  Sahaptin  Indians,  a  tribe  dwelling  in  Idaho.     The 
jime  nez  percS  signifies  in  French  "  pierced  nose."     There 

Iies  not,  however,  appear  to  be  any  peculiarity  in  their 
istoms  to  justify  this  appellation. 
Ncz  Per'ces,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Idaho,  bor- 
irs  on  Washington.  Area,  1610  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
ji  theS.  by  the  Salmon  River,  and  intersected  by  theClear- 
jiter.  The  Snake  or  Lewis  River  forms  part  of  its  \V. 
lundary.  The  surface  is  partly  mountainous,  and  covered 
ith  forests.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  and  plains  is  fertile. 
j.pital,  Lewiston.  Pop.  in  1880,  3965;  in  1890,  2847. 
Nezpique  13ayoa,  na'peek  bi'oo,  Louisiana,  rises  in 
.  Landry  parish,  runs  southward,  and  unites  with  the 
aquemine  Brule  on  the  E.  border  of  Calcasieu  parish  to 
•m  the  Mermenteau  River. 

iV'gami,  n'gi'me,  a  shallow  lake  of  Southern  Africa, 

.wccn  lat.  20°  and  21°  S.  and  Ion.  22°  and  23°  30'  E. 

ivation,  about  3300  feet.     It  is  supposed  to  be  nearly 

miles  long.     Its   chief  tributary  is  the  Tiogo  River. 

0  surplus  water  of  this  lake  is  discharged  by  the  river 
jga,  which  issues  from  its  E.  end.  The  water  of  N'gami 
fresh  during  tVe  periodical  inundations,  but  becomes 
ckish  in  the  dry  season. 

V^anaiti,  South  Pacific.    See  Btam  Mautin's  Island. 

S'gan«Hoei,  n'gin^ho-i',  or  Gan-Hway,  gAn^hwA', 
!  inland  province  of  China,  between  lat.  29°  and  34°  N. 
1 1  Ion.  113°  and  119°  E.,  enclosed  by  Kiang-Soo,  Che- 
:!ing,  Kiang-See,  Hoo-Pee,  and  IIoo-Nan.  Pop.  34,168,059. 
l-jface  mostly  plain,  and  traversed  by  the  rivers  Yang- 
iS-Kiang  and  Hoai-IIo  with  its  afiluents.  The  products 
(iiprise  the  precious  metals,  copper,  salt,  green  tea  from 
tj  S.  districts,  ink,  varnish,  and  other  produce. 

ifgan>King,  n'gin'king',  the  capital  of  the  above  prov- 
i;),  is  ICO  miles  S.S.W.  of  Nanking. 

[Iga-Thainghyoung,  n'gi-thang-h'yoong',  atown  of 
Itish  Burmah,  Bassein  district.     Pop.  3178, 

Jgouc^a,  or  Ngoosa,  n'goo'si',  a  walled  town  of  the 
I  orian  Sahara,  oasis  and  19  miles  N.E.  of  Ouargla.    Lat. 
£j  22'  N. ;  Ion.  4°  26'  E.     Pop.  1000. 
tjignndavam,  n'gunMisani',  a  town  of  Viti  Leva,  one 
Ibo  Feejee  Islands,  near  lat.  18°  S.,  Ion.  178°  W. 

Tha-Trang,  ni-tring',  Nhiatrang,  ne-4'trlng',  or 

jtrang,  yi'tring',  a  seaport  town  of  Anam,  with  a  good 

Ibor,  at  a  river's  mouth,  in  lat.  12°  19'  N.,  Ion.  109°  20'  E. 

\  ho,  no  or  n'ho,  written  also  Nouh,  noo,  and  Noh,  a 
t  1  of  British  India.  Lat.  27°  51'  N. ;  Ion.  77°  31'  E,  It 
b.ii  manufactory  of  salt  from  springs.     Pop.  6009. 

,iagara,  ni-ag'a-ra  (originally  ne-i-gi'ri,  or  rather 
n;  4*giVl'),  a  river  which  forms  part  of  the  boundary  be- 
t'lin  New  York  and  the  British  province  of  Ontario,  issues 
1151  the  eastern  end  of  Lake  Erie  at  Buffalo,  runs  nearly 
Djhward,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  35  miles,  enters 

1  e  Ontario,  having  in  this  distance  an  aggregate  fall  of 
*;feet.  It  encloses  several  islands,  the  largest  of  which, 
«"  d  Grand  Island,  is  nearly  10  miles  long  and  6  miles 
*,'.  About  4  miles  below  this  island  is  the  most  cele- 
b  ed  cataract  in  the  world,  where  the  river  is  divided  by 
«: .  Island,  i  mile  long,  into  two  separate  falls,  the  largest 

I        126 


volume  of  water  flowing  on  the  Canadian  side,  and  forming 
the  Horseshoe  Fall,  with  a  perpendicular  descent  of  1 58  feet. 
The  height  of  the  American  Fall  is  167  feet.  The  rock 
which  crops  out  at  the  top  of  the  cataract  and  forms  the 
bed  of  the  river  is  Niagara  limestone.  The  part  of  the 
river  between  Goat  Island  and  the  Canadian  shore  is  about 
600  yards  wide.  Below  the  cataract  the  river  flows  in  a 
gorge  or  chasm  between  perpendicular  walls  of  rock  which 
are  nearly  250  feet  high,  the  width  of  the  channel  varying 
from  400  to  1200  feet.  The  river  descends  104  feet  between 
the  Falls  and  Lewistown,  a  distance  of  6  or  7  miles.  A 
noble  suspension-bridge,  800  feet  long,  crosses  the  river 
nearly  2  miles  below  the  cataract,  and  connects  the  New 
York  Central  Railroad  with  the  Great  AVestern  Railway. 
Another  suspension-bridge  crosses  the  river  nearly  1  mile 
below  the  cataract,  of  which  it  affords  a  good  view.  Geologists 
concur  in  the  opinion  that  the  cataract  was  once  6  miles 
nearer  to  Lake  Ontario  than  it  is  now. 

Niagara,  a  western  county  of  New  York,  bordering  on 
Canada,  has  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  Lake  Ontario,  on  the  S.  by  Tonawanda  Creek, 
and  on  the  W.  by  the  Niagara  River.  The  surface  is  partly 
undulating,  and  in  some  places  nearly  level.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  The  staple  products  are  wheat,  oats,  hay,  Indian 
corn,  butter,  apples  and  other  fruits,  and  wool.  This  county 
has  quarries  of  fine  Niagara  limestone  (Upper  Silurian), 
which  is  a  good  material  for  building ;  also  beds  of  gypsum. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Erie  Canal,  the  New  York  Central 
&  Hudson  River  Railroad,  the  New  York,  Lake  Erie  & 
Western  Railroad,  and  the  Rome,  Watertown  <fe  Ogdens- 
burg  Railroad.  The  cataract  of  Niagara  is  on  the  W.  bor- 
der. Capital,  Lockport.  Pop.  in  1870,  50,437;  in  1880, 
54,173;  in  1890,  62,491. 

Niagara,  a  township  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  contains  the 
villages  of  Suspension  Bridge  and  Niagara  Falls.   P.  10,979. 

Niagara,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Wayne  co..  Pa. 

Niag'ara  (formerly  Newark),  a  town  of  Ontario,  00.  of 
Niagara,  on  Lake  Ontario,  at  the  mouth  of  Niagara  River, 
and  on  the  Canada  Southern  Railway,  36  miles  S.  of  To- 
ronto. It  contains  4  churches,  several  stores  and  hotels, 
and  a  printing-office  issuing  a  weekly  newspaper.  This  is 
one  of  the  oldest  towns  in  the  province,  and  is  a  favorite 
resort  during  the  summer  months  for  pleasure-  and  health- 
seekers.  In  1813  it  was  burned  down  by  the  American 
General  McClure,  in  his  retreat  from  the  north.    Pop.  1600. 

Niagara  City,  New  York.    See  Suspexsiox  Biiidoe. 

Niagara  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Niagara  township, 
Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  river  of  the  same  name,  22  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Buffalo,  and  13  miles  S.  of  Lake  Ontario.  It  is 
on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad  and  a  branch  of  the 
Erie  Railroad.  This  village  is  connected  with  the  opposite 
bank  of  the  river  by  a  handsome  suspension-bridge,  from 
which  may  be  obtained  a  good  view  of  the  great  cataract. 
Another  bridge  connects  it  with  Goat  Island,  which  is  about 
i  mile  from  the  railroad  station.  One  weekly  newspaper 
is  published  here.  The  village  has  several  first-class  hotels, 
5  churches,  3  flouring-mills,  2  sash-  and  blind-factories,  a 
hydraulic  canal,  and  2  Catholic  seminaries.  Pop.  in  1 880, 
3320 ;  in  1890,  5502.  For  a  description  of  the  cataract,  see 
article  on  the  river  Niagara. 

Niamrei,  ne*lm-ri'  or  ne-im-ri'e,  a  large  village  of 
West  Africa,  25  miles  E.  by  S.  of  the  mouth  of  the  Senegal. 

Nian'gua,  a  post-village  of  Webster  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Atlantic  &  Pacific  Railroad,  31  miles  N.E.  of  Springfield. 
It  has  (within  1  mile)  3  churches. 

Niangua  (or  Big  Niangua)  River,  Missouri,  rises 
in  Webster  co.,  runs  northward  through  Dallas  co.,  and  en- 
ters the  Osage  River  in  Camden  co.,  nearly  2  miles  above 
the  village  of  Linn  Creek.    Length,  about  125  miles. 

Nian'tic,  a  post-village  in  East  Lyme  township.  New 
London  co..  Conn.,  on  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  called  Niiintio 
Bay,  and  on  the  Shore  Line  Railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of  New 
London. 

Niantic,  a  post-village  in  Niantio  township,  Macon  co., 
III.,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  of  Decatur,  and 
27  miles  E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  warehouse  for  grain.     Pop.  300  ;  of  township,  977. 

Niantic,  a  post-village  in  Westerly  township,  Wash- 
ington CO.,  R.I.,  on  the  Charles  River,  and  on  the  Stoning- 
ton  <fc  Providence  Railroad,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Stonington, 
Conn.  It  has  a  bank,  2  churches,  a  cotton-mill,  a  woollen- 
mill,  and  2  granite-quarries.     Pop.  206. 

Nias,  or  PoolO'Nias,  poo'-lo-ne^&s',  an  island  of  tb« 
Malay  Archipelago,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Sumatra.  Lat.  1" 
30'  N. ;  Ion.  97°  15'  E.  Length,  70  miles;  average  breadth, 
16  miles.  It  produces  large  quantities  of  rice,  and  on  ita 
£.  coast  is  a  village  or  town  of  the  same  name. 


NIA 


1994 


NIC 


'  Niaanielsnkas,  no-Sw-mAl-o&'kfcs,  a  watorfall  in 
Bwedon,  on  tho  LuloA,  Isan  of  Norrbotton.  The  rivor, 
whero  it  is  about  400  yards  brood,  prooipitates  itself  over 
»  height  of  above  100  yards.  During  winter  an  immense 
arch  of  ioe  is  formed  over  tho  fall. 

Ninnr,  ne-awu',  or  Aiigour,  In-goor',  the  most  W.  of 
the  Pelew  Islands,  North  I'ociflc,  Lat.  6"  53'  55"  N. ;  Ion. 
ISi"  6'  24"  B.     Length,  from  N.E.  to  S.W.,  about  4  milea. 

Niazepetrovsky  ne-&-z&-pd-tror8lc',  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  of  Perm,  on  tho  Oofa,  SO  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Kriiiino-Ooflutsk.     It  has  extensive  iron-works. 

Nibbinuo,  nib-be-&'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  8  miles  S. 
•f  Piaconxa.     Pop.  of  commune,  411)2. 

Nibc,  nee'bd,  a  town  of  Denmark,  in  Jutland,  12  milee 
W.S.W.  of  Aalborg,  on  the  Lym-Fiord.     Pop.  14«G. 

Nib'Ictt's  llluff)  a  post-hamlct  of  Calcasieu  parish, 
La.,  on  the  Sabine  River,  15  miles  above  Orange,  Tox. 

Nicn^a^  the  ancient  name  of  Nice. 

Nicnsaf  a  city  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Izxerk. 

Nicara§r<ia>nik-ar-&'gw&,  a  republic  of  Central  Amer- 
ica, having  W.  the  Pacific  Ocean,  L.  the  Caribbean  Sea,  N. 
the  republic  of  Honduras,  and  S.  Costa  Rica.  Area,  about 
49,500  square  miles.  The  Bay  of  Conchagua,  on  the  Pa- 
eific  coast,  separates  it  from  San  Salvador.  A  range  of 
hills  run  along  its  W.  coast  at  tho  distance  of  a  few  miles 
from  the  sea,  attaining  no  groat  height  until  they  approach 
the  confines  of  Costa  Rica,  where  they  rise  to  an  elevation 
of  from  5000  to  11,000  feet.  Between  this  ridge  and  the 
lakes  of  Nicaragua  and  Leon  the  land  is  moderately  level; 
but  along  tho  borders  of  Honduras  and  San  Salvador  lofty 
ridges  again  occur,  running  in  various  directions.  The 
central  p.art  of  tho  state  is  occupied  by  a  vast  plain,  com- 
prising tho  lake  of  Nicaragua.  There  are  several  volcanoes 
>n  the  state,  all  towards  the  sea,  standing  alone,  or  but 
slightly  connected  with  the  main  ridge,  but  none  of  them 
are  of  any  great  elevation.  There  are  numerous  rivers, 
but  none,  except  the  San  Juan,  are  of  much  navigable  im- 
portance. The  lakes  are  Nicaragua  and  Leon  or  Managua. 
Veins  of  silver  and  copper  exist  in  many  parts,  but  they 
remain  almost  all  either  unexplored  or  only  superficially 
worked.     Gold  is  considerably  wrought. 

Tho  climate  is,  on  the  whole,  healthy,  though  various. 
In  the  interior  and  mountainous  parts  the  temperature  is 
more  dry  and  cool  than  on  the  coasts,  where  it  is  hot  and 
rather  approaching  to  humid.  By  far  the  greater  portion 
of  Nicaragua  consists  of  plains  and  gentle  slopes,  formed 
of  a  rich  black  loam.  The  productions  are  indigo,  sugar, 
coffee,  cacao,  and  cotton.  Maize,  rice,  beans,  and  plantains, 
tho  staple  food  of  the  people,  are  raised  in  abundance. 
Some  wheat,  also,  is  grown  in  the  mountainous  and  cooler 
parts  of  the  country.  Fruits  of  various  kinds  are  plenti- 
ful, including  excellent  oranges  and  lemons.  Of  cattle 
there  are  great  numbers  in  all  parts,  particularly  in  the 
districts  on  the  E.  side  of  the  lake,  where  extensive  and 
excellent  pasturage  is  met  with.  The  chief  exports  are 
indigo,  Brazil  wood,  hides  and  skins,  mahogany,  coffee, 
sarsaparilla,  Ac.  The  revenue  is  stated  at  $1,750,000,  and 
the  expenditure  at  about  $2,235,000.  The  imports  are 
chiefly  from  Great  Britain  and  North  America,  though 
some  silks,  gloves,  and  wines  are  received  from  France,  and 
linens  and  glass-wares  from  Germany;  the  other  imports 
are  chiefly  from  Peru,  Chili,  Ac.  The  chief  cities  are 
Leon,  Granada,  Managua,  the  capital,  and  Nicaragua. 
Principal  port,  Rcalejo.     Pop.  in  1890,  282,845. 

Nicaragua,  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Nicaragua,  on 
the  W.  shore  of  Lake  Nicaragua,  38  miles  S.E.  of  Granada. 
Pop.  upwards  of  8000.    See  Lake  Nicaragua. 

Nicaragua,  San  Juan  de.    See  Grey  Town. 

Nicaria,  or  Nikaria,  nc-kl-ree'4  (anc.  Iv'nrut  or 
Ica'ria),  an  island  of  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  belonging 
to  Turkey,  12  miles  ^Y.  of  Samos.  Area,  50  square  miles. 
It  is  famous  in  mythology  for  the  death  near  it  of  Icarus 
after  his  reputed  aerial  flight  (whence  its  name). 

Nicasio,  ne-kash'e-o,  a  post-hamlct  of  Marin  co., 
Cal.,  on  the  North  Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  53  miles  N.N.W. 
of  San  Francisco.    It  has  a  church.   Pop.  of  township,  592. 

Nicastro,  ne-kis'tro,  a  straggling  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Catanzaro,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Apennines,  24 
miles  S.  of  Coscnza.  Pop.  13,181.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls, 
outside  of  which  are  many  olive-grounds  and  orchards, 
and  near  it  are  some  mineral  baths.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Nicavari,  one  of  the  Nicobar  Islands.     See  Camobta. 

Nic'cora,  a  pcst-oflSce  of  San  Juan  co..  Col. 

Nice,  neess  (It.  Nizza,  nit'si ;  anc.  Nica'a),  an  episcopal 
eity  and  seaport  of  France,  on  the  Mediterranean,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Paillon,  93  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Toulon, 
and  93  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Turin.     Lat.  43°  42'  N. ;  Ion.  7° 


17'  E.  It  is  beautifully  situated  in  a  small  plain,  whieh 
almost  covers,  at  the  foot  of  the  Maritime  Alps.  The  wate 
of  the  Mediterranean  wash  ita  walls  on  the  S. ;  on  tbo  1 
and  the  E.  tho  mountains  enclose  it  in  the  form  of  an  an 
phitheatre.  The  highest  in  the  rear  is  crowned  by  an  o 
castle  enclosed  by  bastioned  walls.  The  city  in  divided  in' 
the  old  and  the  new  town.  The  streets  of  the  former  ni 
narrow  and  mean-looking,  compared  with  those  of  the  la 
tor,  in  which  the  houses  are  handsome,  being  more  moden 
and  painted  externally  in  fresco.  Nice  has  two  nob 
squares,  one  of  them  surrounded  with  porticos ;  and  adji 
cent  to  the  other  is  a  raised  terrace,  wnich  serves  as  a  d 
fence  for  the  town  ogainst  the  so.a,  and  affordii  a  dclighlf 
promenade.  The  cathedral  church  is  in  the  ordinary  Itn 
lan  style.  There  are  a  theatre,  a  bospiUU,  a  public  librar 
baths,  Ac.  Nice  possesses  some  silk-,  cotton-  nnd  pai>e 
mills,  many  oil-mills,  and  manufactures  of  tobacco,  loatlio 
soap,  wine,  essences,  inlaid  work,  Ac.  The  harbor  or  no 
lies  three-fourths  of  a  mile  E.  of  the  Paillon;  it  is  ima 
and  open  to  the  S.E.  Between  the  piers  there  is  a  depi 
of  only  15  feet  of  water.  The  exports  consist  principal 
of  wine,  olive  oil,  silk,  essences,  perfumes,  Ac.  Nice 
noted  for  its  mild,  equable,  and  salubriutis  climate,  and 
a  favorite  winter  resort  of  foreigners,  particularly  Knglis 
whose  numbers  have  been  estimated  at  from  5000  to  COO 
besides  Germans  and  Russians.  It  was  coded,  with  soa 
adjacent  territory,  to  France  in  1861,  and  is  now  the  ea' 
ital  of  the  department  of  Alpos-Maritimcs.     Pop.  77,47R 

Nice,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey.    See  Iznerk. 

Niceptiorium,  the  ancient  name  of  Rakka. 

Nicer,  the  ancient  name  of  Neckau. 

Nicero,  Grecian  Archipelago.    See  NiSAni. 

Nice'town,  a  station  within  the  limits  of  Philadelphi 
Pa.,  on  the  Germantown  A  Chestnut  Hill  Railroad,  4  mil 
from  the  initial  station  in  Philadelphia. 

Nicholas,  nik'o-lae,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Ke: 
tucky,  has  an  area  of  about  190  square  miles.  It  is  inte 
sected  by  the  Licking  River,  and  bounded  on  the  S.W.  I 
the  South  Fork  of  that  river.  The  surface  is  undulatir 
or  hilly.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  whet 
cattle,  and  pork  are  tho  staple  products.  Good  limei'toi 
underlies  part  of  this  county.  It  is  traversed  from  N. 
to  S.W.  by  the  Kentucky  Central  Railroad,  which  conncc 
with  Carlisle,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  9129;  in  188 
11,869;  in  1890,  10,764. 

Nicholas,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  West  Vi 
ginia,  has  an  area  of  about  720  square  miles.  It  is  inte 
sected  by  the  Gauley  River,  and  is  bounded  On  the  S.W.I 
the  Meadow  and  Kanawha  Rivers.  The  surface  is  divt 
sified  with  high  elevations,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  cover 
with  forests.  In  the  N.  part  of  this  county  are  the  Pow 
and  the  Birch  Mountains.  Indian  corn,  grass,  and  po 
are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Nicholas  Court-Hom 
Pop.  in  1870,  4458;  in  1880,  7223  ;  in  1890,  9309. 

Nicholas,  a  post-ofiice  of  Rice  co.,  Kansas. 

Nicholas  Court-House,  or  Sum'mersville, 
post-village,  capital  of  Nicholas  co.,  W,  Va.,  about  45  mil 
E.  of  Charleston.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  newspof 
office.     Coal  is  found  near  this  place. 

Nich'olasville,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Jessami 
CO.,  Ky.,  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lexington.  It  is  on  tho  CI 
cinnati  Southern  Railroad,  91  miles  S.  of  CincinnntL 
contains  a  court-house,  8  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
national  bank,  1  other  bank,  the  Bethel  Academy,  a  femi 
institute,  and  2  hemp-factories.     Pop.  in  l.syi),  2157. 

Nichols,  nlk'9lz,  a  station  in  Lincoln  co.,  Neb.,  on  t 
South  Platte  River  and  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  8  mi 
W.  of  North  Platte.     Elevation,  2SS2  feet. 

Nichols,  a  post- village  in  Nichols  township,  Tioga  o 
N.Y.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  2  miles  from  Smitliboron 
Station  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  and  about  8  miles  S.W. 
Owego.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill.    Pop.  281  ; 
the  township,  1687.  ; 

Nichols,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  S.C,  on  « 
Little  Pedce  River,  and  on  the  Wilmington,  Columbia 
Augusta  Railroad,  73  miles  AV.  of  Wilmington. 

Nicholson,  nik'ol-sun,  a  station  in  .Jackson  co.,  G 
on  the  Northeastern  Railroad,  1 1  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Athff 

Nicholson,  a  station  on  the  New  Orleans  A  Mot 
Railroad,  2  miles  W.  of  Bay  St.  Louis,  Miss. 

Nicholson,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  13 

Nicholson,  a  post-borough  in  Nicholson  ^wn'"! 
Wyoming  co.,  Pa.,  on  Tunkhannock  Creek,  and  on  IJ 
Delaware,  Lackawanna  A  Western  Railroad,  21  mi," 
N.N.W.  of  Scranton,  and  about  11  miles  ^'-E-  »'  ^"l" 
hannock.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  scftooi^ 
churches,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  in  1890,  734. 


r 


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NID 


ISicholson  River,  North  Australia,  flows  into  the 
Gulf  of  Carpentaria  W.  of  Albert  River. 

Nicholson's,  a  station  on  the  Marietta,  Pittsburg  & 
Cleveland  Railroad,  2i  miles  S.  of  Cambridge,  0. 
Nicholson's  Gap,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ala. 
Nicholson's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C. 
Nicholson's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Choctaw  co.,  Ala. 
Nicholsonville,  a  post-office  of  Cleveland  co.,  N.C. 
Nichol  Station,  a  post-village  of  JIuscatine  co.,  Iowa, 
in  Pike  township,  on   the   Burlington,  Cedar   Rapids   <fc 
Northern  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Burlington,  and  17  miles 
W.  of  Muscatine.     It  has  4  churches. 

Nichols ville,  nik'olz-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clermont 
:o.,  0.,  about  24  miles  S.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  a  church. 
'  Nic'hoiville,  nik'^I-vil,  a  post-village  of  St.  Lawrence 
■;o.  N.Y.,  in  Lawrence  township,  on  the  St.  Regis  River,  18 
lailes  E.  of  Potsdam.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  300. 

Nick'ell's  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  W.  Va.,  7 
biles  from  Fort  Spring  Depot.     It  has  a  woollcn-mill. 
(Nick'el  Mines,  minz,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co.. 
Pa.,  in  Bart  township,  3  miles  S.  of  Kinzer's  Station.     It 
bas  a  church,  and  mines  of  nickel,  cobalt,  &c 
J  Nick'elsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Va.,  35  miles 
pora  Abingdon.     It  has  2  churches  and  4  stores.  Pop.  108. 
JNickerie,  nik'k§h-ree\  a  district  of  Dutch  Guiana, 
jbrming  the  W.  portion  of  Surinam,  on  the  banks  of  the 
Sorentyn  and  the  shores  of  the  Atlantic.     It  is  chiefly  in- 
Lbited  by  English  and  Scotch  settlers. 
I  Nick'erson,  a  post-village  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas,  near 
pie  Arkansas  River,  and  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  A  Santa 
|'6  Railroad,  42i  miles  W.  of  Newton.     Pop.  (1890)  1662. 
I  Nickerson,  a  post-village  of  Dodge  co.,  Neb.,  on  the 
lllkhorn  River,  and  on  the  Sioux  City  &  Pacific  Railroad,  8 
miles  N.  of  Fremont.     It  has  an  elevator  for  grain. 
I  Nickleville,  nik'§l-vil,  a  post-village  of  Venango  co., 
p.,  in  Richmond  township,  11  or  12  miles  S.E.  of  Frank- 
In,  and  8  miles  N.  of  Emlenton.     It  has  a  church. 
I  Nickolai,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Nikolai. 
Nicktown,  Cambria  co..  Pa.    See  Saint  Nicholas. 
Nick'ville,  a  post-office  of  Elbert  co.,  Qa. 
Nic'obar'  Islands  (called  by  the  Malays,  Poolo  Sam- 
lUoug,  poo'lo  slm-bil-long',  "  Nine  Islands"),  a  group  of 
[lands  in  the  Indian  Ocean,  S.  of  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  be- 
l-een  lat.  6°  40'  and  9°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  92°  50'  and  94°  E. 
ley  constitute,  with  the  Andamans,  the  extension  of  the 
cat  volcanic  band  of  Sumatra  and  Java.  In  the  S.  group, 
eat  Nicobar  has  an  area  of  1258  square  miles,  and  Little 
cobar  SO  square  miles.     Camorta,  Chowry,  and  the  other 
ands  of  the  N.  group  are  all  smaller.     They  are  all  cov- 
;d  with  trees,  and  very  fertile,  yielding  in  abundance 
)oa-nuts,  oranges,  sugar,  tobacco,  and  bamboos.  The  ani- 
.Is  comprise  scorpions,  crocodiles,  serpents,  rats,   pigs, 
,'s,  and  cats.  Mean  annual  temperature,  70°  Fahrenheit, 
e  islands  are  exposed  to  hurricanes;  the  rainy  season 
its  for  nine  months,  and  the  unusual  phenomenon  of  fre- 
Ijnt  rain  in  the  dry  season  (from  December  to  February) 
|iders  them  very  unhealthy.     Repeated  attempts  at  col- 
i  zation  have  failed,  on  account  of  the  prevalence  of  fever. 
]i  group  belongs  to  Great  Britain,  and  the  Indian  govern- 
;;nt  has  a  penal  colony  at  Nancowry.    The  natives  are  of 
.';  lay  stock.    Pop.  6000. 

incode'inus,  a  post-hamlet  of  Graham  co.,  Kansas, 
?jnjiles  W.  of  Stockton.     It  has  a  church. 
ific'ojack,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Tenn. 
'Jicolas  d'Aliermont,  nee-koMi'  dllMo-fiR^mftu"',  a 
tin  of  France,  Scine-Inferieure,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Dieppe. 
K  2295.    It  has  manufactures  of  chronometers. 
jTic^ola'us,  a  post-village  of  Sutter  co.,  Cal.,  in  Nico- 
1|!  township,  on  Feather  River,  18  miles  S.  of  Marysvillc. 
li  as  a  church,  2  stores,  and  about  50  houses.    Pop.  of  the 
tjnship,  799. 

;icolet,  nik'oMi',  a  county  of  Quebec.  Area,  595 
'jire  miles.  The  Becancour  River  intersects  this  county, 
at  the  St.  Lawrence  washes  its  N.  shore.  Capital,  Becan- 
«'•;    Pop.  23,262. 

iicolet,  a  post-village  in  Nieolet  co.,  Quebec,  8  miles 
Ml  St.  Gregoire,  and  81  miles  N.N.E.  of  Montreal.  It 
D,  15  stores,  2  saw-  and  2  flouring-mills,  a  boot-  and  shoe- 
i')ry,  and  a  college  with  a  library  containing  10,000 
»  ines.    Pop.  1200. 

;icolet  Falls,  a  village  in  Richmond  co.,  Quebeo,  2 
i!s  from  Danville.  It  has  a  broom-handle-factory,  a 
g, -mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  store.  Pop.  200. 
icollet,  nik'ol-lct  (Fr.  pron.  nik^'14'),  a  county  in 
;>.  part  of  Minnesota,  has  an  area  of  about  455  square 
"•  s.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  and  the  E.  by  the  Min- 
»'  A  River,  which  runs  southeastward  to  the  S.  extremity 


of  this  county,  and  there  makes  a  great  bend,  below  which 
its  direction  is  nearly  northward.  The  surface  is  undulat- 
ing, and  is  diversified  with  prairies,  woodlands,  and  lakes. 
Of  these  last.  Swan  Lake  is  the  largest.  The  soil  is  very 
fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  hay,  Indian  corn,  butter,  and  potatoes 
are  the  staple  products.  Fine  Silurian  limestone  underlies 
part  of  the  soil.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago 
&  Northwestern  Railroad  and  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Min- 
neapolis &  Omaha  Railroad,  which  meet  at  St.  Peter,  the 
capital.     Pop.  in  1880,  12,333  ;  in  1890, 13.382. 

Nicollet,  a  hamlet  of  Nicollet  co.,  Minn.,  in  a  township 
of  the  same  name,  2  or  3  miles  from  Nicollet  Station.  It 
has  2  stores,  a  hotel,  and  a  plough-factory.  The  township 
is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Minnesota  River,  and  on  tho 
N.W.  by  Swan  Lake.     Pop.  of  the  township,  851. 

Nicollet,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nicollet  co.,  Minn.,  near  tho 
Minnesota  River,  and  on  the  Winona  &  St.  Peter  Railroad, 
15  miles  AV.S.W.  of  St.  Peter. 

Nicolosi,  ne-ko-lo'see,  a  town  of  Sicily,  8  miles  N.W. 
of  Catania,  on  the  S.  slope  of  Mount  Etna.     Pop.  3114. 

Nic'olston,  a  post- village  in  Simcoo  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Nottawasaga  River,  about  12  miles  S.  of  Angus.  It  has 
woollen-  and  grist-mills,  and  a  store.     Pop.  100. 

Nicomedia,  the  ancient  name  of  Ismeed. 

Nicon'za,  a  post-hamlet  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.,  in  Perry 
township,  3  miles  from  Roann  Station,  and  about  IS  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Peru.     It  has  2  churches. 

Nicopolis,  ne-kop'o-lis,  Nicopoli,  ne-kop'o-le,  or 
Nicopol,  ne-ko'p§l  (anc.  Ni'cop'oli'g  ad  la'tnim),  a  town 
of  Bulgaria,  on  tho  Danube,  66  miles  W.  of  Roostchook. 
Pop.  estimated  at  10,000.  It  was  founded  by  Trajan,  and 
occupies  a  height  enclosed  by  ramparts,  mounting  large 
cannon,  and  further  defended  by  a  castle.  It  has  some 
large  edifices,  mosques,  baths,  Ac,  but  is  generally  ill  built. 

Nicop'olis,  an  ancient  city  of  Epirus ;  its  remains,  con- 
sisting of  a  theatre  and  an  amphitheatre,  are  situated  about 
3  miles  N.  of  Prevesa. 

Nicopolis,  an  ancient  name  of  Amoas. 

Nicopolis,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Devrighi. 

Nicosia,  ne-ko-see'a,  a  city  of  Sicily,  14  miles  N.E.  of 
Castrogiovanni.  Pop.  14,789.  It  has  several  churches  and 
convents,  a  few  manufactures,  and  a  trade  in  the  cattle 
and  corn  of  the  fertile  surrounding  district. 

Nicosia,  the  capital  city  of  Cyprus.     See  Lefkosia. 

Nicotera,  ne-ko-td'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Catanzaro,  near  the  Gulf  of  Gioja,  13  miles  S.Av.  of  Tropea. 
Pop.  6347.  It  consists  of  an  upper  town,  with  a  castle  and 
a  palace,  and  a  lower  town,  inhabited  by  fishermen.  It  was 
partially  destroyed  by  tho  earthquake  of  1783. 

Nicoya,  no-ko'yl,  a  peninsula,  bay,  river,  and  two  towns 
of  Costa  Rica, — the  peninsula  in  lat.  9°  40'  N.,  Ion.  85°  W., 
bounding  westward  the  bay  which  receives  tho  river;  and 
the  two  towns  respectively  76  miles  W.N.W.  and  96  miles 
W.  of  Cartage ;  the  latter  with  a  pop.  of  3000. 

Nicsic,  a  town  of  Montenegro.     See  Nikish. 

Nictaux  (nikHC)  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Annapolis 
CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Nictaux  River,  6  miles  from  Wil- 
mot.     It  contains  5  stores.     Pop.  300. 

Nictheroy,  nik-ti-ro'e,  or  Praia  Grande,  pri'4 
grln'di,  a  town  of  Brazil,  on  the  bay  and  5  miles  E.  of  the 
city  of  Rio  Janeiro.  It  is  the  capital  of  the  state  of  Rio 
de  Janeiro,  and  was  once  the  capital  of  Brazil. 

Nicuman,  ne-koo-min',  or  Nimen,  ne-m5n',  a  rtver 
of  the  territory  of  Amoor,  rises  near  l.at.  52°  N.,  flows 
S.S.AV.,  and  joins  the  Amoor.     Length,  about  220  miles. 

Nida,  neo'di,  a  river  of  Russian  Poland,  flowing  S.S.E., 
joins  the  Vistula  on  the  left,  after  a  course  of  75  miles. 

Nidaros,  or  Nidrosia.    See  Tko>jdhje.m. 

Nidau,  or  Nydau,  nee'dow,  a  town  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  16  miles  N.W.  of  Bern,  at  the  N.  extremity  of 
the  Lake  of  Bienne. 

Nidda,  nid'di,  a  river  of  Germany,  flows  S.W.  50  miles, 
and  joins  the  Main  at  Ilochst,  6  miles  W.  of  Frankfort. 

Nidda,  a  walled  town  of  Ilcsse,  in  Ober-IIessen,  on  the 
Nidda,  19  miles  S.E.  of  Giessen.     Pop.  1753. 

Niddcr,  nid'der,  a  river  of  Germany,  rises  in  Ilesse, 
flows  S.W.,  and  joins  the  Nidda  7  miles  N.E.  of  Frankfort. 
Total  course,  45  miles. 

Nidech,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Nigdeh. 

Nid-Elv,  nid-6Iv,  a  river  of  Norway,  after  a  S.W.  course 
of  70  miles,  falls  into  the  Skager-Rack  opposite  Trouioo. 

Nidgull,  nid'guir,  a  town  of  British  India,  in  Mysore, 
45  miles  E.  of  Chitteldroog. 

Nidoki,  ne-do'kee,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and 
49  miles  W.N.W.  of  Vilna. 

Nidor'os,  a  township  of  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn.   Pop.  184. 

Nidam,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Neath. 


NIB 


I99(y 


NIE 


Niobltty  ne-i'ali  (anc.  Tllpn  f),  a  decayoU  town  of  Spain, 

Srovinoe  and  18  miles  N.E.  of  Iluolva,  on  the  llio  Tinto. 
'ear  it  are  extensive  coppor-uinoa. 

Nicd)  ne-&',  a  rivor  or  Lorraine  and  Rhonish  Prussia, 
commencing  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mets,  flows  N.N.E.,  and 
Joins  the  Soar.     Length,  45  miles. 
Nieder*  noe'd^r,  a  Ooriuan  word,  signifying  "  lower," 

Sroflxed  to  the  names  of  numerous  places  in  Germany,  as 
iiKDKR  Weskl,  Nieder  Ingeliieim,  <to.  For  those  not 
ndormentionod  see  additional  name. 

JVieder  Uludowitz,  Austria.    See  Bludowitz. 

Niederbronii«  nee'd^r-bronn^  (Fr.  pron.  no-iM^n^- 
bronn'),  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  20  miles  N.W.  of 
Strosburg.  Pop.  2330.  It  is  situated  in  a  valley  of  the 
Vosges  Mountains,  and  has  well-froquonted  mineral  springs, 
also  establishments  for  preparing  steel  and  bar  iron,  heavy 
articles  of  machinery,  and  largo  pieces  of  artillery. 

Niedergrand)  nee'd^r-gr&nt ,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  61 
miles  N.  of  Prague.     Pop.  2011. 

Nicderhall,  noe'd^r-h&ir,  orNiedenihall,  nee'd^rn- 
hi,\V,  a  town  of  Wiirtomberg,  circle  of  Jaxt,  bailiwick  of 
Kilnselsau,  on  the  Kooher.     Pop.  1401. 

Nieder'Hessen,  nee'd^r-hfis'g^n  ("Lower  Hesse"),  a 
former  province  of  Germany,  in  Ilesse-Cassel,  now  a  part 
of  the  province  of  IIosse-Nassau,  Prussia. 

Niederholf,  noo'dfr-hor,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  circle 
of  Bidschow.     Pop.  2150. 

Niederlande.    See  Netherlands. 

Nieder  Lichtenau,  Prussia.    See  Licrtenau. 

Niederrad)  nee'd^r-r&t^  a  village  of  Prussia,  near 
Frnnkfort-on-the-Main.     Pop.  3523. 

Nieder  Keichst^dt*  Saxony.    See  IlEicnsTADT. 

Nieder  Selters^  neo'd^r  sdl't^rs,  a  village  of  Prussia, 
in  Ilesse-Nassau,  23  milc3  N.  of  Mentz.  It  is  famous  for 
its  springs,  which  furnish  the  well-known  Seltzer  water. 

Niederstetten,  neo'd^r-stStH^n,  a  town  of  Wiirtem- 
bor^,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Mergenthcim.     Pop.  1857. 

Niederstotzingen^  neo'd^r-stot'sing-^n,  a  village  of 
Wilrtemberg,  between  the  Danube  and  the  lirenz.    P.  1169. 

Nieder  Ullersdorf>  nce'd^r  Col'l^rs-doRf*,  a  village 
of  Bohemia,  circle  of  Koniggratz.     Pop.  1200. 

Nieder  Wesel,  neo'd^r  v^i'z^l,  or  Wesel,  ^I'zqI,  a 
frontier  and  strongly  fortified  town  of  Bhenish  Prussia,  32 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Dussoldorf,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Khine,  here  joined  by  the  Lippo.  Pop.  19,104  (besides  the 
garrison),  mostly  employed  in  the  manufacture  of  cotton 
and  woollen  stuffs,  leather,  and  tobacco,  in  distilleries  and 
breweries,  and  in  an  active  trade  on  tho  rivers.  Its  port  is 
convenient,  and  packets  ply  between  it  and  Amsterdam. 
The  Romans  had  a  fortified  post  here,  and  the  town  for- 
merly belonged  to  the  Ilanscatlc  League.  Since  1815  its 
defences  have  been  strengthened  by  the  erection  of  Fort 
BlUcher,  on  the  W.  bank  of  tho  Rhine. 

Niederzweliren,  neo'd^r-ts^A'r^n,  a  village  of  Prus- 
sia, circle  of  Caasel.     Pop.  1587. 

Niederzwonitz,  nee'd^r-ts^o'nits,  a  village  of  Saxony, 
circle  of  Zwickau,  near  the  town  of  Zwiinitz.     Pop.  2482. 

Niedorp,  nee'doRp,  Nieuwe,  nyii'"*§h,  and  Oude, 
Cw'd^h,  two  contiguous  villages  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
North  Holland,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Alkmaar.   United  pop.  2565. 

Nieferii)  nee'f^m,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Baden,  on 
the  Enz,  19  miles  E.S.E.  of  Carlsruhe.     Pop.  1695. 

NiegoldstowU)  nee'goldz-town,  a  post-ofiico  and  min- 
ing-camp of  San  Juan  co..  Col.,  150  miles  from  Garland 
Railroad  Station.  Gold  and  silver  are  mined  here.  It  has 
a  quartz-mill,  a  saw-mill,  &a. 

Nieheim^  nee'himo,  a  town  of  Prussia,  Westphalia,  13 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Padcrbom.     Pop.  1563. 

Niehl)  neel,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  6  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Cleves.     Pop.  2210. 

Niejin,  or  Nieshin,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Nezheen. 

Niel)  neel,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  10  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Antwerp,  on  the  Rupel.     Pop.  3600. 

Niella-Tanaro,  ne-fil'li  ti-ni'ro,  a  village  of  Italy, 
Coni,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Mondovi,  on  the  Tanaro.    Pop.  2137. 

Niemeczyn,  ne-i-mdtch'in,  written  also  Niement- 
chin,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  15  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Vilna.     Pop.  1800. 

Niemegk,  nee'mdk,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Branden- 
burg, 27  miles  S.S.W.  of  Potsdam.     Pop.  2299. 

Niemen,  noe'm^n  (Pol.  pron.  nyfim'^n;  Fr.  Niimen, 
ne-i*mJn'),  orMemel,m8m'§lor  mi'mfil  (anc.  Chronuit), 
a  river  of  Russian  Poland,  rises  in  the  government  of  Minsk, 
flows  N.W.  throngh  the  government  of  Grodno,  between 
Vilna  and  Augustowo,  and  through  East  Prussia,  and,  under 
the  name  of  the  Memel,  enters  the  Curische-Haff  by  the 
Rasa  and  Gilge  mouths,  30  miles  W.  of  Tilsit,  after  a  total 


course  estimated  at  400  miles.  Principal  affluents,  th« 
Villa  and  Sze8iupi)0.  It  is  the  mnin  chunnol  for  th< 
trade  of  Lithuania  and  Volhynia.  Near  Grodno  a  oana 
connects  it  with  the  Bober  and  Vistula. 

Niemeutchin,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Nirmecztk. 

Niemcs,  ne-i'mis,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  18  miles  N.N.V 
of  Buntzlau.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  paper 
and  calico.     Pop.  4473. 

Niemirow,  ne-A-me-rov',  a  town  of  Austrian  Oaliei* 
25  miles  W.  of  Zolkiow.     Pop.  1718. 

Niemokstzy,  ne-i'moksl'ioe,  or  Nicmokchty,  ne 
A'raoksh'tee,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Vilna  1 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Rossicna. 

Nienburg,  necn'booRO,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanoret 
30  miles  N.W.  of  Hanover,  on  the  Wesor,  hero  joined  b 
the  Meerbach,  and  on  the  Hanover  <i;  Bremen  Ilailwaj 
It  has  manufactures  of  linen  and  vinegar,  some  trade  {\ 
timber,  and  a  transit  trade  by  the  river.     Pop.  5655. 

Nicnburg  Monch,  neen'boSiio  monK,  or  Kloster 
Nienbiirg,  klos't?r-ncen'b5ona,  a  walled  town  of  Gei 
many,  duchy  of  Anhalt,  on  the  Saalo,  here  joined  by  th 
Boder,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Kothon.     Pop.  3891. 

Nieppes,  ne-fipp',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  13  milt 
E.  of  Hazcbrouck.     Pop.  1653. 

Nicrs,  neoRs,  or  Neers,  nins,  a  river  of  Rhenish  Prui 
sia  and  the  Netherlands,  after  a  N.W.  course  of  60  mile 
joins  the  Meuse  2  miles  W.  of  Genncp. 

Nierstein,  ncen'stlne,  a  town  of  Hesse,  province  o 
Rhein-llesson,  on  the  Rhine,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Meat 
It  has  manufactures  of  wine.     Pop.  2866. 

Nieshin,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Nrzheex. 

Niesky,  ne-6s'kee,  a  Moravian  colony  of  Prussian  S 
lesia,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Gorlitz.     Pop.  1222. 

Nie800chatschi,ne-i-soo-Kit'shce,  written  also Nie 
suchatschi  and  Neisoukhoiji,  a  town  of  RustL 
Volhynia,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Kovel.     Pop.  1500. 

Nicswicz,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Nesvizh. 

Nieto,  a  river  of  Italy.     See  Neto. 

Nieukirk,  Rhenish  Prussia.    See  NEUKincnEX. 

Nieuport,  a  town  of  Belgium.    See  Nieuwpoort, 

Nieuw,  nyli*,  or  Nieuwe,  nyii'*?h,  a  Dutch  wor 
signifying  "new,"  forming  the  prefix  of  various  names  I 
the  Netherlands,  as  Nieuwpoort  (i.e.,  "  New  Port"),  Ac. 

Nieuwe-Diep,  Het  Nieuwe-Diep,  hit  nyu'*?i 
deep,  or  Willemsoord,  <^il'l£m-8oRd,  a  village  of  tl 
Netherlands,  in  North  Holland,  about  1  mile  E.  of  Ileldc 
at  the  entrance  to  the  Amsterdam  Ship-Canal. 

NieuAvendam,  nyu'*§n-dira',  a  village  of  the  Neil 
erlands,  in  North  Holland,  S.S.W.  of  Iloorn.    Pop.  1187 

Nieuwenhoorn,   nyU'vt-§n-houN\   a  village  of 
Netherlands,  in  South  Holland,  3  miles  S.  of  Bricl. 

Nieuwer  Amstel,  Netherlands.    See  Amsteu 

Nieinverkerk-in>Duiveland,  nyU'*§r-k6RK' 
doi'v6h-lint\  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Zealand, 
miles  E.  of  Zierikzee.     Pop.  1267. 

Nieuwerkerk-op-den-Yssel,  nyii'*?r-k8RK' 
d6n  is's§l,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  South  Hollan 
6  miles  N.E.  of  Rotterdam.     Pop.  2197. 

Nieuwcrkirken,  nyii'^^r-kCCRK'gn,  a  village  of  Bi 
gium,  in  East  Flanders,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Ghent.    P.  26( 

NieuAvkerk,  a  town  of  Netherlands.    See  Nykerk 

Nicuwkoop,  nyii*'kop.  a  village  of  the  NctherlamI 
in  South  Holland,  12  miles  E.  of  Leydcn.     Pop.  2526. 

Nieuwknik,  nyii*'koik,  a  village  of  the  Nctherlanc 
in  North  Brabant,  6  miles  W.  of  Bois-le-Duc. 

Nieuwolde,  nyil'^oPd^h,  a  village  of  the  Neth« 
lands,  province  and  17  miles  E.  of  Groningcn.    Pop.  185 

Nieuwpoort,  nyii*'port,  sometimes  called  in  Engli 
New'port  (Fr.  Nieuport,  ne-ch'poR';  L.  No'vut  Por'tnl 
a  fortified  town  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flanders,  on  t' 
Yperlee,  near  its  mouth  in  the  North  Sea,  10  aiiles  S.W. 
Ostend.  Pop.  3690,  engaged  in  ship-building,  rope-tnakii 
and  fishing.  A  navigable  canal  connects  it  with  Ostcj 
and  Bruges.     It  is  a  railway  terminus  and  a  bathing-plM 

NieuAVpoort,  nyii<^'pOrt,  a  small  fortified  town  of  t' 
Netherlands,  on  tho  Lech,  16  miles  E.  of  Rotterdam. 

Nieuw-Rhode,  or  Nieuwrode,  nyii^-ro'd^h, 
village  of  Belgium,  province  of  Brabant,  32  miles  N.E. 
Brussels.     Pop.  1080. 

Nieuwstad,  nyiK^'stltt,  a  village  of  the  Netherlan 
in  Limburg,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Maestricht. 

Nicuwveld,  nyil<^'v2lt,  a  mountain-range  of  6oi 
Africa,  Cape  Colony,  between  lat.  32°  and  33°  S.,  and  i 
wards  of  10,000  feet  in  elevation. 

Nifevre,  ne-aivr',  a  river  of  France,  in  Nidyre,  flowi 
and  joins  the  Loire  at  Nevers.     Length,  25  miles. 

Ni^vrC)  a  department  in  the  centre  of  France,  forn 


NIP 


1997 


^Tt 


of  the  old  province  of  Nivernois  and  part  of  Orleannois. 
Area,  2595  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1891,  343,581.  Surface 
mountainous  and  infertile  in  the  E.,  but  there  are  rich 
plains  in  the  AV.  It  is  watered  by  the  Loire  and  its  afflu- 
ent the  Allier,  which  separates  it  from  the  departments  of 
Cher  and  Allier.  The  Yonne  rises  in  the  department,  and 
the  Canal  of  Nivernois  (Nivornais)  connects  it  with  the 
Loire.  It  has  mineral  springs  and  mines  of  iron,  coal,  and 
copper.  Chief  industry  in  iron-  and  steel-works.  Here 
are  manufactures  of  linen,  glass,  hardware,  porcelain,  wine, 
leather,  cutlery,  Ac.  The  department  is  divided  into  the 
arrondissements  of  Novers,  Chateau-Chinon,  Clamecy,  and 
Cosno.  Capital,  Nevers. 
Niffii)  a  kingdom  of  Africa.  See  NvrFf. 
Ni^deh,  nig'd^h,  Nikde,  nik'd^h,  or  Nidech,  nee'- 
dech  (anc.  Cadyna  ?),  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  47  miles  N.E. 
of  Ereglee.  Pop.  5000.  It  is  the  residence  of  a  pasha, 
and  has  3  fortresses,  some  mosques,  a  Turkish  college,  and 
various  antiquities.  The  plain  of  Nigdeh  extends  S.W. 
from  it  for  about  50  miles. 

Niger,  ni'j§r,  or  Quor'ra,  written  also  KAvara,  Ko- 
AVara,and  Kouara  (anc.  Ni'geir,  Ni'gir,  or  Ni'gris ;  Gr. 
Ntyip,  or  Nty«ip),  called  Joliba,  jol'e-bi,  in  the  upper  part 
of  its  course,  a  great  river  of  Western  Africa,  rises  in  the 
country  of  the  Mandingos,  N.  of  the  Kong  Mountains, 
about  lat.  8°  N.,  Ion.  9°  AV.,  and,  flowing  N.  and  N.E.  to- 
wards the  desert,  afterwards  turns  S.E.  and  S.,  and  enters 
the  sea  through  many  mouths  in  the  Bight  of  Benin.  At 
its  source  it  is  called  Tembie,  that  is,  "  water,"  in  the  Kisse 
(language,  but  lower  down,  in  Bambarra,  it  is  entitled 
jBabaa,  "Great  River,"  or  Joliba,  that  is,  the  river  of  the 
I  Joli,  or  Red  Men,  who  are  the  inhabitants  of  Joli-nkondu 
(Red  Man's  Land),  the  Jallonkandoo  of  Park.  It  becomes 
navigable  at  Bammakoo,  100  miles  above  Sego  in  Bam- 
barra. Lower  down  it  enters  a  level  country,  and  divides 
into  several  arms  enclosing  extensive  islands,  on  one  of 
which  stands  Jenne,  or  properly  Gin6wa,  the  great  em- 
|;porium  of  Negroland,  and  from  which  the  whole  country 
Idas  derived  its  commercial  name,  Guinea.  The  river  then 
Renters  a  territory  in  which  the  Foolahs,  or  Fellatah,  are  the 
jfulers,  within  the  domain  of  which  the  river  is  called  Issa. 
iln  its  course  down  to  Jenne  the  Joliba  receives  several 
iMcessions  from  the  S.  Farther  on  it  turns  northward, 
jorossing  Debo  (or  Blackwater)  Lake,  and  receiving  on  the 
right  numerous  streams.  At  Kabra,  the  port  of  Timbuctoo, 
jit  probably  reaches  its  highest  latitude  (about  17°  N.);  it 
'then  runs  E.  along  the  desert  to  the  frontiers  of  Houssa. 

In  the  Houssa  country  the  great  river  is  known  as  the 
3ulbi-nkowdra,  that  is,  the  "  River  Kwdra,"  or  Kowdra, 
ind  farther  S.,  in  NyffS,  where  it  is  often  a  league  wide  or 
nore,  it  is  entitled  the  sea  or  lake  of  Nyffe,  or  Kwdra.  A 
.'ery  active  commerce  here  animates  the  broad  waters  of 
he  Quorra.  Through  Houssa  and  Nyff6  flow  several  streams 
rom  the  heights  which  divide  those  countries  from  Bornoo, 
vhile  on  the  western  side,  through  Guinea  and  Bergoo,  the 
vwSra  receives  the  small  rivers  which  descend  from  the 
aountains  of  the  Songay.  At  the  southern  extremity  of 
fyff6  (lat.  7°  46'  N.)  the  Niger  unites  with  its  chief  tribu- 
tary, the  Benuwe,  a  navigable  stream  from  Adaraawa. 
'he  united  stream  then  flows  S.  by  W.  between  Yariba  on 
its  right  bank  and  Attah  on  the  left;  and  here  it  is  called 
jljimini  Fufu,  or  White  Water;  the  Benuwe  being  styled 
i'jimini  Dudu,  or  Black  AVatcr.  The  delta  of  the  Niger 
smmences  near  Aboh,  about  80  miles  above  the  sea.  It 
as  22  mouths.  It  is  supposed  that  the  Niger  is  connected 
i  ith  the  Calabar  by  Cross  River,  and  it  is  certain  that  on 
;ie  W.  there  are  navigable  channels  from  it  to  AVarree  and 
1  cnin.  The  whole  course  of  the  great  river  from  its  source 
i>  the  mouth  of  the  Nun,  without  regard  to  sinuosities,  is 
bout  2000  miles,  and  if  traced  through  all  its  windings 
♦  j  would  fall  little  short  of  3000.  It  was  descended  by 
([ungo  Park  from  Sego  to  Boossa,  a  distance  on  the  river 
jrobably  of  from  1500  miles  to  1800  miles,  and  it  has  been 
ficonded  from  the  sea  as  far  as  Lever,  40  or  50  miles  from 
jOCssa:  it  is  regularly  traversed  for  many  miles  by  British 
iieainers.  The  scenery  near  the  delta  is  of  the  wildest 
'  rest  character. 

i  Night  Island,  Australia,  is  off  the  N.E.  coast  of  Cape 
jork.    Lat.  13°  10'  S.;  Ion.  143°  22'  E. 
!  Nigrritia,  Nigritie,  or  Nigritien.    See  Soodan. 
Nigiia,  noo'gwi,  a  small  maritime  town  of  Ilayti,  on 
fi  S.  coast,  10  miles  S.AV^.  of  San  Domingo,  and  near  the 
|outh  of  the  river  Nigua  in  the  Caribbean  Sea. 
!  Niguarda,ne-gwaR'd3,,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and 
Ituiles  N.  of  Milan.     Pop.  of  commune,  2002. 
(Niguelas,  ne-gi'l4s,  a  hamlet  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
t  evince  and  16  miles  from  Granada.    Pop.  1244i 


Nihan,  nee'hSw',  or  Oneeow,  o-nee^8w',  one  of  th« 
Sandwich  Islands,  lat.  22°  N.,  Ion.  160°  35'  AV.,  about  18 
miles  long  and  8  miles  broad.     Pop.  233. 

Nyar  (Nixar),  or  Nyar-y-Huebro,  ne-naR'-e- 
HwA'bro,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  13  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Almeria.     Pop.  2038. 

Nijehaske,  or  Nyhehaske,  ni'a-hls'k§h,  a  village 
of  the  Netherlands,  in  Friesland,  2  miles  AV.  of  Heeren- 
veen.     Pop.  1454. 

Nijkerlc,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Nykehk. 

Nijmwegen,  Netherlands.    See  Nymwegen. 

Nijni.     For  places  with  this  prefixed  name  see  Nizhnee. 

Nijnii-Novgorod,  Russia.    See  Nizhnee-Novgouod 

Nikaria,  an  island  of  Greece.    See  Nicauia. 

Nikde,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Nigdeh. 

Nikish,  nee'kish\  Niksiki,  nik'see'kee,  or  Nic'sic, 
a  village  of  Montenegro,  34  miles  N.E.  of  Cattaro.     P.  4000. 

Nikita,  nee'ke-ti'  (?),  a  village  of  Russia,  in  the 
Crimea,  26  miles  S.  of  Simferopol. 

Nikitinskaia,  ne-ke-tin-ski'S.,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
emment  and  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Orenboorg. 

Nikitovka,  or  Nikitowka,  ne-ke-tov'ki,  a  town  of 
Russia,  34  miles  AV.N.AV.  of  Kharkov.     Pop.  1600. 

Pf  ikitovka,  or  NikitOAVka,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Voro- 
nezh, 30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Valooiki. 

Niklasburg,  a  town  of  Moravia.    See  NiKOtSBuno. 

Nikobar  Islands.    See  Nicobar  Islands. 

Nikolai,  nik'o-ir,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  58 
miles  S.E.  of  Oppeln.  It  has  manufactures  of  beer  and 
spoons.     Pop.  5699. 

Nikolaiev,  or  Nikolaiew,  ne-ko-iriv',  written  also 
Nikolaief,  a  fortified  town  of  Russia,  government  and  39 
miles  N.N.AA'^.  of  Kherson,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Ingul 
and  the  Bug,  20  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  latter  in  the 
estuary  of  the  Dnieper.  Pop.  82,805.  It  was  founded  in 
1790,  is  enclosed  by  walls,  is  well  built,  and  is  the  station  of 
a  Russian  admiral  and  fleet.  It  has  a  cathedral,  a  town 
hall,  an  admiralty-house,  museums  and  library,  schools  for 
pilots  and  for  the  daughters  of  soldiers,  an  observatory, 
hospitals,  and  docks. 

Nikolaifsk,  ne-ko-li'ifsk,  Nikolaevsk,  ne-ko-ll'- 
8vsk,  or  Nikolajewsk,  ne-ko-li'yfivsk,  a  town  of  Asiatic 
Russia,  capital  of  the  government  of  Primorsk,  on  the  N. 
bank  of  the  Amoor,  25  miles  from  its  mouth.  It  is  a  naval 
station,  with  foundries,  dock,  factories,  and  machine-shops. 
It  has  a  good  trade.     Pop.  5300. 

Nikolaifsk,  Nikolaevsk,  or  Nikoliyewsk,  a  town 
of  Russia,  government  of  Samara,  on  the  Irgis,  a  tributary 
of  the  Volga,  60  miles  E.  of  Volsk.     Pop.  9794. 

Nikolaiken,nee'ko-irk?n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  on  Lako 
Spirding,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sensburg.     Pop.  2192. 

Nikolaistad,  ne-ko-li'stid  (formerly  Vasa,  or 
Wasa,  vi'si),  a  seaport  town  of  Finland,  capital  of  the 
lacn  of  A'^asa,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia,  56 
miles  N.E.  of  Christianstad.  Lat.  63°  4'  3"  N.  j  Ion.  21° 
43'  E.     Pop.  4981. 

Nik'oisburg  (Ger.  pron.  nee'kols-bCoRa'),  Niklas- 
bnrg,  nee'klis-b65Ro\  or  Mikuloiv,  mee'koo-lov\  a  town 
of  Moravia,  28  miles  S.  of  Briinn.  Pop.  7173,  among 
whom  are  many  Jews.  It  has  a  splendid  castle,  with  a 
library  of  20,000  volumes,  many  valu.able  manuscripts,  and 
collections  of  natural  history ;  a  philosophical  academy, 
several  other  public  schools,  and  manufactures  of  woollen 
cloth  and  other  stuffs. 

Nikolsk,  ne-kolsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and 
194  miles  E.  of  Vologda,  on  the  Yoog.  ,  Pop.  1748. 

Nikolskaia,  Nikolskaja,  ne-kol-ski'i,  Stanitza, 
sti-nit'zi,  or  Novaia-Kargata,  no-vi'i-kan-gi'ti,  a 
town  of  Russia,  government  and  E.S.E.  of  Orenboorg,  on 
the  Ural.     Pop.  2367. 

Nikoolccno,  Nikoulino,  or  Nikulino,  ne-koo> 
lee'no,  some  small  places  in  Russia,  government  of  Tver,  E. 
of  Staritza,  and  in  Russian  Poland,  government  of  Mohee- 
lev,  N.E.  of  Babinovitchi. 

Nikopol,  ne-ko'pol,  a  town  of  Russia,  67  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Yekaterinoslav,  on  the  Dnieper.    Pop.  9706. 

Nikopoli,  a  town  of  Bulgaria.    See  Nicopolis. 

Niksar,  nik^sar'  (anc.  Neocaaarea),  a  town  of  Asia 
Minor,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Tokat,  on  the  route  to  Erzroom. 
It  comprises  about  800  houses,  and  has  a  citadel  containing 
the  chief  bazaars  and  buildings. 

Niksiki,  a  village  of  Montenegro.    See  NiKisn. 

Nilab,  neeMib',  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  Indus,  a  short  distance  below  Attock.   Lat.  33°  46'  N. 

Nile,  nil  (Fr.  Nile,  neel ;  Ger.  Nil,  neel;  Sp.,  It.,  and 
Port.  Nilo,  nee'lo;  Arab.  "Bahr  Nil,  bin'r  neel;  anc.  Ni'- 
lu*),  a  great  river  of  East  Africa,  and  the  most  celebrated 


W' 


4996 


yiM 


^rer  of  the  ancient  world,  is  formed  bj  two  Iicad-strcAins 
—the  BiUir-el-Azrek  (or  Blue  River)  and  the  Bahr-ol-Abiad 
(or  White  River) — which  unite  at  Khartooin,  lat.  15°  37' 
K>  It  receives  its  lost  tributary,  the  Atbara  (ano.  Attab'- 
orat),  in  laU  17**  42'  N.,  at  the  N.  extremity  of  the  penin- 
sula of  Atbara  (sometimes  called  the  island  of  Alerob),  and 
thenoe  (Iowa  N.  in  a  single  stream  without  accession  through 
12  degrees  of  latitude,  or,  following  its  windings,  ut  least 
1300  miles,  to  the  sea.  Below  its  junction  with  the  Atbara 
it  has  on  the  W.  the  desert  of  Bohioodo,  on  the  E.  Berber; 
lower  down  it  forms  several  islands,  one  of  which  boars  the 
name  of  Kandukc.  It  then  bends  W.  by  S.,  and  posses  by 
Jcbel  Barkal ;  then,  resuming  its  N.  course,  it  enters  the 
plains  of  Dongola,  and  forms  several  islands  of  great  ex- 
tent. Quitting  those  plains  by  a  cataract,  the  river  flows 
through  the  districts  of  Mahas,  Sukkot,  AVady  Kcnooz,  and 
l}atn-el-llnjar,  at  the  head  of  which  is  the  second  or  great 
cataract,  and,  entering  Kgypt  at  Philtc,  it  descends  the  last 
(the  Qrst  in  ascending)  cataract  to  Syene  or  Asswan,  in  lat, 
24°  5'  N. 

From  PhiliB  the  Nile  flows  through  Egypt  in  a  single 
ftrcam  to  lat.  30°  15'  N.,  where  it  divides  into  two  branches, 
leading  rospocti voly  to  Rosctta  (Rasheod)  and  Damictta  (Da- 
miat),  entering  the  sea  in  about  lat.  31°  35'  N.  From  the 
junction  of  its  head-streams  to  its  delta  its  basin,  varying 
in  breadth,  is  formed  by  two  p.arallcl  chains  of  mountains. 
Its  banks  are  generally  elevated  in  Nubia;  they  are  less  so 
in  Middle  Egypt,  and  absolutely  flat  in  the  delta.  From 
Asswan  to  the  sea  the  average  fall  is  2  inches  to  a  mile,  and 
its  mean  velocity  is  about  3  miles  an  hour.  At  the  delta 
its  waters  spread  out  into  numerous  streams  in  the  form  of 
ft  triangle,  extending  at  its  base  on  the  Mediterranean  over 
a  space  of  120  miles,  between  the  W.  or  Rosetta  branch 
and  the  E.  or  Damietta  branch.  The  ordinary  width  of 
the  Nile  in  Egypt  above  the  delta  is  about  700  yards.  The 
branches  through  the  delta  are  much  narrower,  and  so 
shallow  in  the  dry  season  that  vessels  exceeding  40  tons' 
burden  cannot  pass  through  them. 

As  rain  scarcely  ever  falls  in  the  valley  of  the  Nile  from 
the  ISth  nearly  to  the  30th  parallel,  and  very  scantily  even 
lower  down,  the  river  owes  its  supplies  wholly  to  the  copious 
rains  of  the  countries  wherein  it  rises.  It  begins  to  in- 
crease in  June,  attains  its  greatest  height  about  the  au- 
tumnal equinox,  and  then  subsides  as  gradually  as  it  rose. 
The  ordinary  rise  at  Cairo  is  about  40  feet.  During  the 
flood  a  great  portion  of  the  delta  and  of  the  Valley  of 
Egypt,  higher  up,  is  inundated.  In  Sennaar,  also,  and 
l)ongola  extensive  tracts  are  watered  immediately  by  the 
river,  but  in  general  its  banks  above  Egypt  are  irrigated 
by  moans  of  the  watcr-wheol. 

The  Nile  is  the  only  largo  African  river  that  discharges 
its  waters  into  the  Mediterranean.  Its  source  Inxs  been  a 
mystery  from  the  earliest  times,  and  many  expeditions  have 
been  sent  to  solve  the  problem  in  vain.  From  the  discov- 
eries of  Captains  Spoke  and  Burton,  Sir  Samuel  Baker,  and 
others,  wo  are  now  enabled  to  trace  it  from  the  south  of 
the  equator,  where  it  has  been  found  issuing,  a  broad,  clear 
stream,  through  Napoleon  Channel  from  Victoria  Nyanza, 
fi  vast  lake  about  230  miles  in  length,  and  as  much  in 
breadth,  3740  feet  above  the  sea.    See  Bahb-el-Abiad,  and 

BAHR-EL-AznEK. 

The  alluvium  with  which  the  Nile  is  always  charged, 
especially  during  the  inundation,  is  chiefly  due  to  the  Bahr- 
el-Azrck,  which  brings  down  the  decayed  vegetable  matter, 
and  the  degraded  volcanic  rocks,  from  Abyssinia,  that  make 
the  Nile  the  great  fertilizer  of  Egypt.  The  Nile  is  navi- 
gated by  steamers  in  the  delta,  and  by  barges  as  far  as  the 
second  cataract;  and  the  navigation  is  remarkably  assisted 
by  the  wind,  which  blows  from  the  N.  during  nine  months 
in  the  year.  Above  the  cataracts  it  is  navigable  (as  well 
as  both  its  main  head-streams)  by  steamers  for  many  miles. 
The  water  of  the  river  is  peculiarly  soft  and  sweet;  it 
abounds  in  fish,  and  its  banks  swarm  with  birds,  among 
which  are  vultures,  geese,  quails,  pelicans,  cormorants,  and 
the  sacred  ibis.  The  length  of  the  Nile  in  miles,  measured 
along  its  windings  from  the  Damietta  mouth,  is  to  Cairo 
164,  Sioot  430,  Keneh  681,  Asswan  774,  first  cataract  779, 
Derr  933,  second  cataract  1029,  third  cataract  1250,  fourth 
cataract  1484,  fifth  cataract  1679,  Atbara  River  1739,  sixth 
cataract  1838,  Khartoom  1948,  Kak  2428,  Bahr-el-Ghazal 
2658,  Oondokoro  3258,  cataract  of  Meru  3361,  Karuma 
Falls  3576,  Ripon  Falls  3766 ;  or  from  the  assumed  source 
of  the  principal  feeder  of  the  Victoria  Nyanza  on  the  E., 
4100  miles. 

Nile,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  2i  miles 
from  Friendship  Station,  and  about  28  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Horaollsville.    It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory. 


Nile,  a  township  of  Scioto  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River. 
Pop.  1473.     It  contains  Friendship  and  Bucna  Visu. 

Nile,  a  post-village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  9  uiiloi  N.E, 
of  Oodcrich.  It  contains  2  stores  and  a  sawmill.  Pop.  lOU 

Niles,  nlli,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Alaincda  c<i. 
Cal.,  on  the  Central  Pacific  lUilroivd,  nt  iu  junction  with 
the  San  Jos6  Branch,  30  miles  S.E.  of  San  Francisco.  Xl 
has  a  flour-mill  and  a  nursery. 

Nilcs,  a  Post-villago  in  Niles  township.  Cook  co.,  Ill 

13  miles  N.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  2  churches.  The  town^ 
ship  contains  4  churches,  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Jlil 
waukee  A.  St.  Paul  Railroad,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1791, 

Niles,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  Ind.     I'op.  1140. 

Niles,  a  township  of  Floyd  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  709. 

Niles,  a  city  of  Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  in  Niles  township, 
on  the  St.  Joseph  River,  at  the  head  of  navigation,  93  milui 
E.  of  Chicago,  103  miles  W.S.W.  of  Jackson,  12  miles  N 
of  South  Bend,  and  112  miles  S.W.  of  Lansing.  It  ii  alsf 
on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  tht 
Air-Line  division  with  the  main  line,  which  here  cro8»c| 
the  river  on  a  bridge.  It  contains  8  churches,  a  higb 
school,  2  or  3  national  banks,  5  Uuuring-mills,  a  papor-uill, 
a  woollen-factory,  3  foundries,  a  basket-factory,  uianufao- 
tures  of  furniture,  carriages,  wagons,  sash,  Ac,  and  2  news, 
paper  offices.  Abundant  water-power  has  been  obtained  bj 
a  dam  across  the  river.  Large  quantities  of  grain,  flour, 
fruit,  and  lumber  are  shipped  hero.  Pop.  in  18'JU,  4197; 
of  the  township,  exclu<ling  the  city.  13C4. 

Niles,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Cayuga  cc,  N,Y,, 
about  11  miles  S.E.  of  Auburn.  The  township  is  bounded 
E.  by  Skaneateles  Lake,  and  W.  by  Owasco  Lake.  It  coii' 
tains  also  a  hamlet  named  New  Hope.     Pop.  1S77. 

Niles,  a  post-village  in  Wcathcrsfield  township,  TruiD' 
bull  CO.,  0.,  on  the  Mahoning  River,  at  the  mouth  of 
Musquito  Creek,  67  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cleveland,  9  miloi 
N.W.  of  Youngstown,  and  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Warren.  It  it 
on  the  Mahoning  division  of  the  Atlantic  &  Great  M'cit- 
ern  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Ashtabula  &  PittS' 
burg  and  Painesville  &  Youngstown  Railroajlii,  and  is  th( 
N.  terminus  of  the  Niles  &  New  Lisbon  Branch  Rail- 
road. Its  prosperity  is  mainly  derived  from  opcratiooi 
in  iron  and  bituminous  coal,  which  is  mined  in  the  vicinity, 
It  has  8  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  3  rolling- 
mills,  a  nail-factory,  several  blast-furnaces,  a  machinO' 
shop,  a  planing-mill,  and  manufactures  of  boilers,  tiro- 
bricks,  Ac.     Pop.  in   1890,  42S9. 

Niles,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Manitowoc  co.,  Wii.j 
about  30  miles  N.E.  of  Fond  du  Lac. 

Niles  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Niles  township.  Cook 
CO.,  III.,  2  miles  from  Morton  Railroad  Station,  and  about 

14  miles  N.N.W.  of  Chicago.     It  has  2  churches. 
Nilestown,  nilz'town,  a  post-villago  in  Middlesex  co., 

Ontario,  on  the  river  Thames,  7  miles  E.  of  London.  Ii 
contains  several  stores,  a  flax-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  and  i 
flouring-mill.     Pop.  250. 

Niles  Valley,  a  post-village  in  Middlcbury  township, 
Tioga  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Corning,  Cowancsque  <t  Antrim  Rail- 
road, 6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Wcllsborough,  It  has  a  flour-mill, 
a  tannery,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Nilgiri,  nil-ghee'reo,  a  native  state  of  India,  in  Orijsa. 
Lat.  21°  18.5'-21°  37'  N.;  Ion.  80°  29'-SG°  51.5'  E.  Area, 
278  square  miles.  Capital,  Nilgiri,  a  village  15  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Balasore.     Total  pop.  33,944.  , 

Nilkantha,  nil-kin't'hi,  a  town  of  Ncpaul,  37  milei 
N.  of  Khatmandoo.  Lat.  28°  22'  N.;  Ion.  85°  4'  E.  Itii 
greatly  resorted  to  by^  Hindoo  jiilgrims. 

Nilo,  or  Nilus,  a  river  of  Egypt.    See  Nile. 

Nil  -  Saint  -Vincent  -  Saint  -  Martin,  nccl-sla«- 
viN-o^sfixo'-sdNo-manHix"',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Bra- 
bant, on  the  Nil,  21  miles  S.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1520. 

Nilun,  a  vilhige  of  Thibet.    See  Neelu.no. 

Nil'wood,  a  post-village  in  Nilwood  township,  JI*- 
coupin  CO.,  III.,  on  the  Chicago  «fc  Alton  Railroad,  29  Djilci 
S.  by  W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  2 
churches,  and  a  fine  school-house.  Coal  »s  found  here.j 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1211.  .    ' 

Nimal,  nee'miil',  a  town  of  the  Bunnoo  district,  India. 
Pop.  5010. 

Nimar,  ne'mar',  written  also  Ncmaur,  ne'mawr',  a 
district  of  India,  Central  Provinces,  Nerbudda  division,  in 
the  valleys  of  the  Nerbudda  and  Taptee  Rivers.  Area, 
3340  square  miles.    Chief  town,  Boorhanpoor,    P.  211,176., 

Nimba,  a  town  of  Afghanistan.    See  Nekmla.  , 

Nimburg,  nim'booKG',  orLymburg,lim'boono  (Boh.j 
Wiczemilow,  <^e-chi'me-lov'),  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  ftOl 
island  formed  by  the  Elbe,  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Buntxlaa.1 
Pop.  3124. 


NIM 


1999 


NIN 


Nimfcgue,  or  Nimeguen.    See  Nvmwegbn. 

Niinca,  a  river  of  Manchooria.     See  Nicuman, 

Nimes,  orNismes,  necm  (ano.  Nemau'sut),  a.  town  of 
France,  capital  of  the  department  of  Gard,  on  the  railway 
from  Beaucaire  to  Cette,  and  at  the  head  of  a  branch  line 
to  Alais,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Montpellier,  and  13  miles  W.  of 
Beaucaire.  Pop.  69,898.  The  older  part  is  irregularly 
built ;  the  modern  is  well  laid  out  in  straight  and  spacious 
Btrccts.  It  has  an  imposing  Gothic  cathedral,  an  old  cita- 
del and  a  fine  promenade.  No  town  in  France  has  so 
many  fine  Roman  remains;  the  most  remarkable  of  these 
are  the  amphitheatre  {les  Arines,  lAz  i'rin'),  437  feet  long, 
332  feet  broad,  and  70  feet  high  ;  the  beautiful  Corinthian 
temple,  called  the  Maison-Carr6e  (m4's6s»'-kaK^R4')>  which 
•  is  restored,  and  the  interior  serves  for  a  museum  of  antiqui- 
Uies;  and  the  ruins  of  a  superb  nymphajum,  or  bath,  called 
the  Temple  of  Diana;  10  miles  N.E.  are  the  remains  of  a 
magnificent  aqueduct,  called  the  Pont-du-Gard  (p6N»-dii- 
■gaii).  Niuics  is  the  seat  of  a  bishop,  and  possesses  an 
iappeal  court  for  the  departments  of  Gard,  Lozcrc,  and  Vau- 
cluso,  courts  of  first  resort  and  commerce,  chamber  of  com- 
merce and  exchange,  conseil  de  prnd' liommes,  acadimie,  a 
\lycie,  a  normal  school,  a  museum,  diocesan  seminary,  schools 
jof  design  and  medicine,  a  medical  society,  and  a  public 
llibrary  of  50,000  volumes.  The  manufactures  consist  prin- 
fcipally  of  silk  and  cotton  goods,  fancy  and  mixed,  such  as 
'taffetas,  shawls,  foulards,  tartans,  scarfs,  hosiery,  ic.  Car- 
pets, also,  are  made  to  a  great  extent.  There  are  likewise 
Sumerous  tanneries,  foundries,  distilleries,  dye-works,  silk- 
nd  other  spinning-mills.  It  has  an  important  trade  in 
•Wine,  brandy,  and  raw  silk,  for  which  this  town  is  the  great 
sntrcpot  of  the  S.  of  Franco,  vinegar,  oleaginous  seeds, 
iDiedicinal  and  dye  plants,  ic.  Nimes  is  a  very  ancient 
f.own,  having  been  subjugated  by  the  Komans  120  years 
B.C.;  it  was  successively  ravaged  by  the  Franks,  Vandals, 
3nd  Normans.  In  the  fourteenth  century  it  was  ruined  by 
(!ivil  and  religious  wars.  It  rose  from  its  ashes  by  the  aid 
jpf  Francis  I.,  but  in  the  sixteenth  century  it  again  suffered 
[ra  account  of  its  inhabitants  having  embraced  Protestant- 
ism. In  1815,  on  the  restoration  of  the  Bourbons,  it  was 
[he  scene  of  a  disgraceful  persecution  of  the  Protestants. 

Nimetzki-Gradetz,  Austria.    See  Gratz. 

Nimfi,  nim'feo,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  23  miles  E.N.E. 
,f  Smyrna.  Near  this  town  is  the  monument  hewn  by 
rilcr  of  Scsostris,  and  described  by  Herodotus.  It  consists 
f  a  gigantic  human  figure  sculptured  on  the  face  of  a  rock. 

Niin'ick,  a  station  of  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  &  St. 

ouis  Railroad,  3J  miles  W.  of  Pittsburg. 

NimUshil'len,  a  township  of  Stark  co.,  0.   Pop.  2645. 

Niinishilien  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  near  the  S.  border  of 

ortage  co.,  and  runs  southward  to  the  city  of  Canton, 

;low  which  it  flows  southwestward,  and  enters  the  Tus- 

irawas  River  in  Stark  co. 

Nimisila,  Summit  co.,  0.    See  Manchester. 

Niinla,  a  town  of  Afghanistan.    See  Neemla. 

Nimptsch,  nimtsh,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  29  miles 

W.  of  Breslau,  on  the  Lohe.     Pop.  2069.     It  is  enclosed 

'  walls,  and  is  one  of  the  most  ancient  towns  of  Silesia. 

Nim'rod,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  Ark.,  on  the  Fourche 

Fave,  25  miles  S.  of  Dardanello. 

Nimwegen,  Netherlands.    See  Nymwegen. 

Nimy-Maisi5res,  nee^mee'-mi'ze-aiu',  a  village  of 

,!lgium,  2  miles  N.  of  Mons,  on  tho  Haine.    Pop.  2780. 

:Nine  Islands,  East  Indies.    See  Sambilan. 

'Nine  Mile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.,  9  miles 

IV.  of  Fort  Wayne. 

Nine  Mile,  a  post-office  of  Bledsoe  co.,  Tenn. 

Nine  Mile  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co.,  Prince 

,  ward  Island,  9  miles  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  300. 

'Nine  Mile  Prairie,  a  township  of  Callaway  co.,  Mo. 

p.  3679. 

'Vine  Mile  River,  a  post-village  in  Hants  co.,  Nova 

,)tia,  8  miles  from  Elmsdale.     Pop.  100. 

Vine  Points,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa., 

Bart  township,  about  19  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lancaster  City. 

»Mne  Times,  a  post-office  of  Pickens  co.,  S.C. 
Ninety  Six,  a  post-village  of  Abbeville  eo.,  S.C,  on 
'J  Greenville  &  Columbia  Railroad,  75  miles  AV.  by  N.  of 
^umbia.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  a  newspaper 
'  =e,  a  carriage-shop,  and  a  manufactory  of  cotton-gins. 
,^.  in  1890,  445  ;  of  the  township,  3987. 
iin'eveh  (L.  Ninua  ;  Gr.  Nivos,  NinSs),  a  celebrated  city 
<  intiquity,  capital  of  tho  Assyrian  Empire  (see  Genesis 
:  1,  also  Jonah  iii.  3  and  iv.  11),  the  ruins  of  which  are 
s  ated  in  Asiatic  Turkey,  pashalic  of  Mosul,  on  the  left 
u  ^  '•^6  Tigris,  along  which,  and  opposite  to  the  town 
« Mosul,  it  appears  to  have  extended  for  a  distance  of 


about  18  miles,  with  an  average  breadth  of  12  miles,  con- 
taining an  area  of  not  less  than  216  square  miles.  For 
ages  the  position  of  tho  ancient  capital  of  Assyria  was  un- 
known. About  tho  commencement  of  the  present  century, 
travellers  had  their  attention  arrested  by  a  series  of  vast 
mounds  along  the  left  bank  of  the  Tigris  and  to  a  consider- 
able distance  inland,  on  what  was  usually  supposed  to  b« 
the  site  of  Nineveh.  Their  great  extent,  and  other  circum- 
stances, led  to  the  conclusion  that  they  probably  occupied 
the  site  of  Nineveh.  No  serious  attempt,  however,  was 
made  to  investigate  the  subject  till  1841,  when  M.  Botta, 
French  consul  at  Mosul,  commenced  operations  on  Kouyun- 
jik,  immediately  opposite  to  that  town.  He  had  only  ob- 
tained a  few  fragments  of  brick  and  alabaster,  when,  on 
information  which  promised  a  richer  harvest,  he  removed 
to  Khorsabad,  about  12  miles  to  the  N.E.,  and  was  soon 
rewarded  by  the  discovery  of  probably  the  first  Assyrian 
cdifice>  which  had  been  exposed  to  the  view  of  man  since 
the  fall  of  the  Assyrian  Empire.  The  attention  of  Mr. 
Layard,  who  had  travelled  much  in  tho  East,  had  pre- 
viously been  directed  to  tho  mounds,  and  he  had  resolved 
to  explore  them  ;  and  when  tho  discoveries  of  M.  Botta 
were  made  known,  after  obtaining  tho  necessary  requisites, 
he  proceeded  to  the  lofty  mounds  of  Nimrood  (Niinroud), 
situated  about  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mosul,  in  the  angle  formed 
by  the  Tigris  and  the  confluence  of  the  Great  Zab,  and 
commenced  his  first  operations.  His  success  was  immediate 
and  complete.  The  excavations  of  the  very  first  day  put 
him  in  possession  of  a  chamber  lined  with  slabs,  in  good 
preservation,  and  covered  with  cuneiform  or  arrow-headed 
inscriptions,  and,  ever  after,  his  treasures  continued  to 
multiply  upon  him.  Among  other  things,  he  discovered 
gigantic  emblematic  figures, — winged  bulls  and  lions  with 
human  heads,  and  winged  sphinxes,  placed  as  guardians 
over  the  entrances  of  magnificent  palaces.  The  fire  by 
which  the  palaces  had  been  destroyed  had  so  calcined  the 
stone  and  other  materials  of  which  they  are  composed  that 
in  many  cases,  on  the  least  exposure  to  the  air,  they 
crumbled  to  pieces,  sometimes  before  even  an  .accurate 
sketch  of  them  could  be  obtained ;  and  hence  many  ob- 
jects interesting  as  works  of  art,  and  containing  inscrip- 
tions in  all  probability  still  more  interesting,  were  seen 
only  to  be  lost  forever.  In  other  parts,  and  more  espe- 
cially in  the  N.W.  palace,  where  tho  fire  had  not  so  much 
afiTected  the  buildings,  28  rooms,  in  excellent  preservation, 
were  opened,  and  numerous  bas-reliefs,  figures,  and  orna- 
ments, rich  in  information  as  to  the  state  of  art  and  the 
progress  of  civilization  at  the  period  when  they  were  made, 
were  exhumed.  From  Nimrood  Mr.  Layard  proceeded 
to  Kouyunjik,  where,  if  possible,  he  was  still  more  success- 
ful. In  the  course  of  a  month  9  chambers  were  explored, 
one  of  them  130  feet  long  by  30  feet  wide,  and  equally 
rich  with  those  of  Nimrood  in  bas-reliefs  and  inscriptions. 
In  1847,  Mr.  Layard  returned  to  England;  but  in  1849 
he  resumed  his  Labors,  both  at  Kouyunjik  and  Nimrood, 
and  the  results  of  these  discoveries,  and  of  the  subsequent 
translation  of  the  inscriptions,  have  proved  of  tho  highest 
interest  and  of  great  historical  value. 

Nin'eveh,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co.,  Ind.,  in  Nin- 
eveh township,  6  miles  W.  of  Edinburg,  and  about  30  miles 
S.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  a  high  school,  a  flouring-mill, 
and  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1650. 

Nineveh,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adair  co.,  Mo.,  in  Nineveh 
township,  about  44  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Macon  City,  It  is 
near  the  Chariton  River,  and  has  a  grist-mill  and  tannery. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  420. 

Nineveh,  a  post-village  in  Colesville  township,  Broome 
and  Chenango  cos.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on 
the  Albany  &,  Susquehanna  Railroad,  at  the  N,  terminus  of 
the  Nineveh  Branch  of  the  Delaware  <fc  Hudson  Railroad, 
23  miles  E.N.E.  of  Binghamton.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop. 
127.     Nineveh  Post-Office  is  in  Broome  co. 

Nineveh,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co,.  Fa.,  about  44 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Pittsburg. 

Nineveh,  a  hamlet  of  Indiana  eo,,  Pa.,  on  the  Cone- 
maugh  River,  about  i  milo  N,  of  Nineveh  Station,  which  is 
on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  48  miles  W,S.AV.  of  Altoona, 

Nineveh,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Va.,  6  miles  S. 
of  Newtown  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  26. 

Nineveh  Junction,  a  station  in  Susquehanna  co.. 
Pa.,  where  the  Delaware  A  Hudson  Railroad  crosses  tho 
Erie  Railroad,  20  miles  S.  of  Nineveh,  N.Y. 

Ning-Heea,  or  Ning-Hia,  ning^-hee'i,  a  city  of 
China,  province  of  Kan-Soo,  near  the  Great  Wall,  210  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Lan-Choo. 

Ning-Kooe,  Ning-Kone,  ning^-koo'i',  or  Ning> 
Kooe-Foo«  Ning-Koue-Fou,  ning^-koo^i*-foo',  • 


NIN 


2000 


NIS 


ettj  of  China,  province  of  Ngan-Hooi,  on  an  affluent  of  the 
Tang-tao-Kiang,  76  miles  S.  of  Nanliing.  Lat.  31*'  N. ; 
Ion.  118»  33'  K. 

NingO)  ning'go,  a  dootiyed  Danish  settlement  on  the 
Guinea  coast,  38  miles  E.N.E.  of  Aoora. 

Niuguota,  or  Niugouta,  ning-goo'UL,  a  considerable 
town  of  Manohooria,  on  an  atUucnt  of  the  Amoor,  146  miles 
N.E.  of  Kirin-Oola.     Pop.  16,000. 

Ning'Pot  formerly  JLiampo,  le-&m'p3,  a  city  of 
China,  province  of  Che-Kiang,  and  one  of  the  ports  open 
to  foreign  trade,  on  the  Ning-Po  River,  the  mouth  of 
which  is  directly  opposite  Chusan,  96  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Hang-Chow- Foo.  Lat.  29°  51' N.;  Ion.  121°  32'  E.  Pop. 
variously  estimated  from  120,000  to  600,000.  The  city,  6 
miles  in  circumference,  enclosed  by  walls  26  feet  in  height, 
and  entered  by  6  gates,  is  surrounded  by  a  fine  plain  cov- 
ered with  villages  and  watercourses.  It  has  well-supplied 
shops,  a  temple,  a  missionary  hospital,  an  active  trade  in 
jank-building,  and  a  large  manufacture  of  silks,  cottons, 
woollens,  salt,  carved  goods,  embroideries,  jewelry,  Ac. 
Many  junks  come  to  it  from  Shan-Toong  and  Leao-Tong 
with  oil,  provisions,  fruits,  caps,  cordage,  horns,  drugs,  rice, 
and  silk;  from  Fo-Kien  and  Hainan  with  sugar,  alum, 
popper,  black  tea,  indigo,  salt,  rice,  and  dyowoods ;  from 
Canton  and  the  Straits,  and  from  the  interior,  small  craft  in 
groat  numbers.  It  exports  large  quantities  of  wood  and 
charcoal  to  Shanghai.  It  was  taken  by  the  British  in  1841. 

Ningthee,  a  river  of  India.    See  Khye\-Dwem. 

Niniuger,  nin'in-j§r,  a  post-hamlet  in  Nininger  town- 
ship, Dakota  oo.,  Minn.,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Mississippi 
River,  3i  miles  above  Hastings.  It  is  near  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop. 
of  the  township  in  1890,  276. 

Ninncs'can,  township,  Cowley  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  266. 

Niunescah,  a  township  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
276.     Post-oflSce,  Clearwater. 

Ninne  Scab  River,  Kansas.    See  Qood  River. 

Ninos,  or  Ninus.    See  Nineveh. 

Ninove,  ne-no'va,  or  Ninoven,  ne-no'v5n,  a  town  of 
Belgium,  in  East  Flanders,  on  the  Dender,  20  miles  S.E.  of 
Ghent.  Pop.  5500.  It  has  a  fine  abbey  and  church,  brew- 
eries, and  manufactories  of  linen  yarn. 

Nio,  nee'o  (anc.  /o»),  an  island  of  the  Grecian  Archi- 
pelago, government  and  17  miles  S.W.  of  Naxos.  Area,  20 
square  miles.  Length,  11  miles;  breadth,  5  miles.  The 
surface  is  mountainous  and  rugged,  but  some  cotton,  corn, 
oil,  wine,  and  honey  are  produced.  On  the  W.  side  of  the 
island  is  the  town  Nio,  with  the  best  harbor  in  the  archi- 
pelago, and  some  remains  of  the  ancient  los.    Pop.  2130. 

Ni^obra'ra,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Knox  co..  Neb., 
on  the  Missouri  River,  about  40  miles  above  Yankton,  and 
1  mile  below  the  mouth  of  the  Niobrara.  It  has  a  news- 
paper office,  a  United  States  land  office,  2  churches,  an 
academy,  a  bank,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  633. 

Niobrara  River  rises  in  the  E.  part  of  Wyoming, 
and  soon  passes  into  Nebraska,  in  which  it  runs  generally 
eastward.  In  Ion.  102°  30'  W.  it  enters  a  canon  between 
high  steep  banks.  After  traversing  the  sterile  sand-hills 
of  Northern  Nebraska,  it  enters  the  Missouri  River  in  Ion. 
98°  AV.,  about  36  miles  W.  of  Yankton,  S.D.  It  is  about 
450  miles  long,  is  very  shallow,  and  not  navigable. 

Nion,  a  town  of  Switzerland.    See  Nton. 

Nions,  a  town  of  France.  See  NroNS. 
■  Nior^  no-on',  a  town  of  France,  capital  of  the  depart- 
ment of  Deux-S6vres,  on  the  Sevre-Niortaise,  34  miles 
E.N.E.  of  La  Rochelle,  and  48  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Poi- 
tiers. Pop.  20,336.  It  is  enclosed  by  well-planted  prom- 
enades, has  an  ancient  castle,  a  Gothic  church  built  by  the 
English,  a  market-hall,  2  hospitals,  barracks,  a  theatre, 
large  public  library,  public  baths,  a  college  or  li/cie,  a  bo- 
tanic garden,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  stufis,  gloves, 
shoes,  leather,  blouses,  and  brushes.  It  has  also  largo  nur- 
series, and  a  trade  in  wine,  brandy,  wool,  grain,  and  timber. 

Nipani,  nip*4-nee',  a  town  of  India,  presidency  of 
Bombay.     Pop.  8315. 

Niph^on',  or  Nippon'  (i.e.,  "  fountain  or  source  of 
light"),  the  principal  island  of  Japan,  more  correctly  called 
Hondo  (which  see),  the  name  Niphon,  or  Nipon,  belonging 
properly  to  the  whole  empire. 

Nip'igon,  or  Nep'igon,  a  large  lake  of  Ontario,  30 
miles  N.W.  of  Lake  Superior,  with  which  it  is  connected 
by  Nipigon  River.  It  is  an  irregular  elliptic  in  shape,  from 
60  to  70  miles  in  length,  but  numerous  deep  indentations 
increase  its  coast-line  to  580  miles.  There  are  about  1000 
islands  within  its  bounds. 

Nip'issing,  a  district  in  the  N.  part  of  Ontario.  Area, 
8722  square  miles.    Pop.  943.    See  Lake  Nipissing. 


Nip'penose,  a  nost-township  of  Lycoming  oo.,  Pa. 
about  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Williamsport.  It  is  bounded  oi 
the  N.  by  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  am 
intersected  by  the  Philadelphia  £  Erie  Railroad.  Pop.'  5fl7 
Nippenose  is  also  the  name  of  a  beautiful,  oval,  limc»tun< 
valley,  about  10  miles  long  and  4  miles  brood,  4  miles  K 
of  Jersey  Shore.  It  is  partly  in  Nippenose  township,  ani 
is  enclosed  by  steep  mountains. 

Nip'per's  Harbor,  a  fishing-hamlet  and  exoellen 
harbor  in  the  district  of  Twillingate  and  Fogo,  Newfound 
land,  on  the  N.  side  of  Green  Bay,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Til 
Cove.     Pop.  120. 

Nip'ple  Top,  New  York,  a  peak  of  the  Adirondael 
Mountains,  in  Essex  co.,  about  3  miles  W.N.W.  of  Dix' 
Peak,  and  8  miles  S.  by  E.  from  Mount  Maroy.  It  ii  ai 
insulated  mountain,  height  4684  feet,  is  composed  of  hypor 
sthone  rock,  and  many  fine  specimens  of  labrudorite  occur  it 
rolled  masses  in  the  streams  which  flow  down  its  sides. 

Nirgua,  neeu'gwi,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  state  of  Yam 
cuy,  45  miles  E.  of  Barquesimeto.     Pop.  8394. 

Nirie,  an  island  in  the  South  Pacific.    See  Neirai. 

Niris,  nec'ris  (?),  a  town  of  Persia,  in  Furs,  8  miles  i 
of  Sheeraz,  with  manufactures  of  arms,  and  iron-mines. 

Nirva'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lake  co.,  Mich.,  in  YrI« 
township,  on  the  Flint  <t  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  7  uiilc 
E.  of  Baldwin,  and  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Reed  City.  It  hs 
a  saw-mill  and  2  shingle-mills.    Pop.  about  160. 

Nisao,  ne-s&'o,  a  river  of  the  island  of  Hayti,  itsni 
from  a  lake,  flows  S.S.E.,  and  falls  into  the  sea  near  a  head 
land  of  its  own  name,  after  a  course  of  about  55  miles. 

Nisari,  ne-s4'ree,  or  Nicero,  ne-ch4'ro,  an  island  o 
the  Grecian  Archipelago.     Lat.  36°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  27°  11'  1 

Nisbet,  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.    See  Susquehanna. 

Niscemi,  nis-chi'mee,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  o 
Caltanisetta,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Terranova.    Pop.  10,750. 

Nishapoor,  or  Nishapur,  nish^i-poor',  a  city  of  Pei 
sia,  province  of  Khorassan,  40  miles  W.S.W.  of  Me<ho( 
Pop.  estimated  at  8000.  It  is  partly  in  ruins,  but  has 
special  trade  in  turquoises,  obtained  from  mines  40  mill 
W.N.W.     Iron  and  salt  are  also  products  of  its  district. 

Nish^nabat'ona,  or  Nishiiabot'na,  a  post-bamli 
of  Atchison  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Nishnabatona  River,  1  or 
miles  from  tho  Missouri  River.  It  is  on  the  Kansas  Cit; 
St.  Joseph  &  Council  Bluffs  Railroad,  57  miles  N.W.  of  S 
Joseph.     Pop.  of  Nishnabatona  township,  1250. 

Nishnabatona  River  is  formed  by  two  branclj 
the  East  and  West  Nishnabatona,  which  rise  in  or  nc 
Carroll  co.,  Iowa.  They  run  in  a  S.S.W.  direction,  im 
unite  about  6  miles  S.E.  of  Sidney.  The  river  passes  ini 
Atchison  co.,  Mo.,  runs  southward,  and  enters  the  Missou 
River  about  10  miles  S.  of  Rockport.  The  main  streai 
is  nearly  60  miles  long.  Tho  East  Nishnabatona  intcrsec 
the  cos.  of  Audubon,  Cass,  and  Montgomery.  The  We 
intersects  the  cos.  of  Shelby,  Pottawattamie,  and  Mill 
Each  of  these  branches  is  about  160  miles  long. 

Nish^nabot'any,  township,  Crawford  co.,  Iowa.  P.  8 

Nishncdcwitzk,  Russia.    See  Nizhnedevitzk. 

Nishnei-Novgorod.    See  Nizhnee-Novgorod. 

Nishnii,  a  prefix  to  the  names  of  several  towns  of  Ru 
sia,  for  which  see  Nizhnee. 

Nishowra,  ne-sh5w'ri,  a  large  village  of  India,  Pui 
jab,  37  miles  N.W.  of  Lahore. 

Nisi,  nee'see,  a  river  of  Sicily,  intcndency  of  Messin 
enters  the  Mediterranean  near  Ali.     Length,  10  miles. 

Nisi,  nee'see,  a  village  of  Greece,  Morea,  government  c 
Messenia,  7  miles  W.  of  Kalamata. 

Nisib,  a  village  of  Syria.    See  Nizeeb. 

Nis'ibinS  Nis'sibin^  or  Niz'ibin^  (anc.  Nli'ibiti 
a  town  or  village  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  pashalic  and  90  mil' 
S.E.  of  Diarbekir.  It  has  an  ancient  triumphal  arch, 
church  of  St.  James,  and  some  other  antiquities. 

Nisita,  nee'se-ti  (anc.  Ne'sig),  an  island  of  Italy, 
miles  S.E.  of  Pozzuoli,  in  tho  Gulf  of  Naples.  Marci 
Brutus  had  a  villa  on  the  island,  which  is  now  occupied  I 
a  quarantine  establishment.     Pop.  1760. 

Nis^kayu'na,  a  post-township  of  Schenectady  co.,  N.x 
is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  tho  Mohawk  River,  and  is  coi 
tiguous  to  the  city  of  Schenectady.     Pop.  1112. 

Nismes,  neem,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  . 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Namur,  on  the  Eau  Noire.    Pop.  1210. 

Nismes,  a  city  of  France.    See  NiMES. 

Nisqually  River,  Washington.    See  Nesquallt. 

Nissa,  nis'si  (anc.  Naiaui,  iVaissua,  or  Nauui),  a  fort 
fled  city  of  Servia,  on  the  Nissava,  130  miles  S.E.  of  B« 
grade.     Pop.  12,800. 

Nissava,  nis-si'vi,  a  river  of  Servia,  after  a  W.  cour 
of  80  mUes,  joins  the  Morava  8  mUes  W.  of  Nissa. 


NIS 


2001 


NIZ 


Nissequagne,  nis'see-kwSg,  written  also  Nesa- 
qnake,  a  hamlet  in  Smithtown  township,  Suffolk  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  navigable  Nisscquaguo  River,  near  its  mouth 
in  Long  Island  Sound,  2  miles  from  St.  James. 
^issibin,  a  town  of  Turkey.  See  Nisibin. 
Nissouri,  nis-soo'ree,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  co.,  On- 
tario, on  ft  branch  of  the  river  Thames,  8  miles  N,  of 
Thamesford.  It  contains  a  church,  a  store,  a  grist-mill, 
and  2  cheese-factories.     Pop.  400. 

Ni8Sum-Fiord,nis'80om-fe-ord',  an  inlet  of  Denmark, 
on  the  AV.  coast  of  Jutland,  15  miles  N.  of  Ringkiobing,  13 
miles  in  length  by  4  in  breadth,  and  with  the  village  of 
South  Nissuni  on  its  S.  side. 

Nistelrode,  nis't?l-roM?h,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  the  province  of  North  Brabant,  12  miles  E.  of 
Bois-lo-Duc.     Pop.  2232. 
Nisus,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Besxi. 
Nitcheguon,  nitch^e-gw6n',  a  lake  of  Labrador,  about 
midway  between  James's  Bay  and  the  Atlantic. 

Nith,  a  river  of  Scotland,  rises  in  the  co.  of  Ayr,  and, 
after  a  S.E.  course  of  about  60  miles,  joins  Solway  Firth  by 
an  estuary,  8  miles  S.  of  Dumfries. 

Nith'burg,  a  post-village  in  Perth  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
river  Nith,  8i  miles  N.  of  Shakespeare.   Pop.  100. 
Nitlieroy,  a  town  of  Brazil.    See  Nictheuoy. 
Niti-Ghaut,  or  Netee-Ghaut,  nee'tee-gawt',  a  pass 
ncross  the  Himalayas,  between  Thibet  and  Kumaon,  and  in 
tone  part  16,814  feet  in  elevation.    The  village  of  Niti,  on 
jits  S.  side,  is  in  lat.  30°  47'  N.,  Ion.  79°  56'  E. 
I   Nitinat,  nit'e-nat',  or  Berkeley  (b§rk'Iee)  Sound, 
jNorth  America,  an  extensive  inlet,  filled  with  islands,  on 
fehe  \Y.  coast  of  Vancouver  Island.    It  is  about  12  miles 
iwide  at  its  entrance  between  Terron  Point  on  the  N.  and 
SJarrasoo  Point  on  the  S.E. 
Nitsa,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Neiva. 
Nits'hill,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  4  miles  S.E.  of 
Renfrew.    Pop.  986. 

Nit'tany,  a  small  post- village  in  Walker  township,  Gen- 
re CO.,  Pa.,  near  Nittany  Mountain,  about  12  miles  S.S.AV. 
f  Lock  Haven.  It  has  a  church  and  a  store. 
Nittany  Mountain,  Pennsylvania,  a  long  ridge  which 
xtends  along  the  S.E.  boundary  of  Clinton  co.,  and  is 
lartly  in  Centre  co.  Its  direction  is  nearly  N.E.  and  S.W. 
Nittany  Valley,  Pennsylvania,  is  in  Centre  and  Clin- 
m  COS.,  between  Muney  Mountain  and  Nittany  Mountain. 
t  is  about  30  miles  long  and  4  miles  wide,  and  is  very  fer- 
ile.    Limestone  abounds  here. 

NitUayu'ma,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sharkey  co.,  Miss.,  on 
)eer  Creek,  50  miles  N.  of  Vicksburg. 
Nittenau,  nit't^h-nSw^  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
;egen,  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ratisbon.     Pop.  1331. 
Nittritz,  nit'trjts,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia,  govern- 
lent  of  Liegnitz,  circle  of  Griinberg.     Pop.  1153. 
Nitych,  the  Polish  name  of  Neuteich. 
Nitza,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Neiva. 
Niukalofa,  Friendly  Islands.    See  Neckalopa. 
Nive,  neev,  a  river  of  Franco,  rises  in  the  Pyrenees, 
id,  after  a  N.N.W.  course  of  45  miles,  joins  the  Adour. 
Nivelle,  nee*v5ir,  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
ord,  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Valenciennes.     Pop.  1200. 
Nivelle,  nee^'dll',   or  Nivonne,  nee^vonn',  a  river 
sing  within  the  limits  of  Spain,  flowing  N.W.,  falls  into 
e  Bay  of  Biscay  in  France. 

Nivelles,  neeVill'  (Flemish,  Nijvel,  ni'v?!),  a  town  of 
slgium,  in  South  Brabant,  17  miles  S.  of  Brussels.  Pop. 
!00.  It  has  a  fine  church,  with  a  colossal  statue  of  Jean 
!  Nivelles,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  stuffs,  coarse  laces, 
ad  cotton  and  linen  cloths. 

jNiv'cn,  a  post-oflBce  of  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  about  22 
files  N.N.W.  of  Scranton. 

|Nivcrnois,  or  Nivernais,  neeVjR'ni',  an  old  prov- 
I  ce  of  Franco,  near  its  centre,  now  composing  the  depart- 
:  Jnt  of  Nievre  and  part  of  Cher.  The  Canal  of  Nivernois 
iiivernais),  45  miles  in  length, connects  the  Loire  with  the 
>nne  and  the  Seine. 

;Ni'verville,  a  post-village   of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
I  nderhook  township,  on  Kinderhook  Creek,  or  the  outlet 
Kinderhook  Lake,  and  on  the  Boston  A  Albany  Rail- 
lul,  about  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Albany.    It  has  a  flour-mill, 
I  Tadding-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  mowing-machines. 
■  Nivonne,  a  river  of  France  and  Spain.    See  Nivelle, 
Ni  Wot,  a  station  of  the  Colorado  Central  Railroad,  8J 
les  N.E.  of  Boulder.    Here  is  Modoo  Post-Office. 
|Ni  Wot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Boulder  co..  Col.,  about  12 
;  leg  N.  by  W.  of  Boulder. 
^^  fNix'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coosa  co.,  Ala.,  about  38 


Nixdorf,  or  Gross  Nixdorf,  groce  nix'donf,  a  vlU 
lage  of  Bohemia,  33  miles  N.N.E.  of  Leitmeritz.  Pop. 
5787.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollens  and  linens,  and 
mineral  baths.    Klein  Nixdorf,  kline  nix'donf,  is  adjacent. 

Nix'on,  a  post-township  of  De  Witt  co.,  111.,  about  20 
miles  N.E.  of  Decatur.     Pop.  649. 

Nixon,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  &  St. 
Louis  Railroad,  li  miles  E.  of  New  Castle,  Ind. 

Nixon,  a  post-office  of  Missaukee  co.,  Mich. 

Nix'onton,  a  hamlet  of  Pasquotank  co.,  N.C.,  in  Ni.\- 
onton  township,  on  Little  River,  about  9  miles  S.  of  Eliza- 
beth City.  It  has  a  steam  lumber-mill  and  a  grist-milL 
Pop.  about  100;  of  the  township,  1626. 

Nix'onville,  a  post-oiBce  of  Marengo  co.,  Ala. 

Nixonville,  a  post-office  of  Horry  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
Waccamaw  River. 

Niza,  nee'zl,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Alcmtejo, 
21  miles  N.W.  of  Portalegre,  near  the  Tagus.     Pop.  3065. 

Niza,  or  Nitza,  nit'si,  a  village  of  European  Turkey, 
Albiinia,  on  the  Bay  of  Delvino,  opposite  Corfu. 

Niz^ampatam',  or  Niz^ampatnam',  a  maritime 
town  of  British  India,  in  Madras,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Guntoor. 

Nizam's  Dominions,  India.    See  Hyderabad. 

Nizeeb,  or  Nisib,  ne-zeeb',  a  village  of  Northern 
Syria,  W.  of  the  Euphrates,  63  miles  N.E.  of  Aleppo. 

Nizhnedcvitzk,  Nischnedewitzk,  or  Nijncde- 
witzk,  nizh'ni-dA-vitzk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  33  miles  W.S.W.  of  Voronezh.     Pop.  2160. 

Nizhnee-Lamov,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Lamov. 

Nizhnee-Novgorod,  or  Nynii-Novgorod,  nizh'- 
nee'-nov^go-rod',  written  also  Nischnii-  or  Nishnei- 
Novgorod,  a  government  of  Central  Russia,  mostly  be- 
tween lat.  54°  26'  and  57°  6'  N.  and  Ion.  41°  40'  and  46» 
38'  E.,  having  on  the  E.  the  government  of  Kazan,  S.  Tam- 
bov, Simbeersk,  and  Penza,  W.  Vladimecr,  and  on  the  N. 
Kostroma.  Area,  18,636  square  miles.  Pop.  1,271,564. 
Surface  mostly  level ;  soil  very  fertile.  Principal  rivers, 
the  Volga,  with  its  affluents  the  Oka,  Vetlooga,  and  Plana. 
Forests  are  extensive,  the  produce  of  corn  considerably  ex- 
ceeds the  consumption,  hemp  and  flax  are  largely  culti- 
vated, and  groat  numbers  of  cattle  and  horses  are  reared. 
Manufactures  of  coarse  linens,  canvas,  cordage,  Ac,  are 
considerable,  as  are  also  the  iron-works,  distilleries,  tan- 
neries, soap-works,  glass-works,  etc.  The  chief  exports  are 
corn,  flour,  cattle,  horses,  leather,  tallow,  linen,  canvas, 
cordage,  iron,  timber,  potash,  and  glass.  Chief  towns, 
Nizhnee-Novgorod,  Balakhna,  and  Arsamas. 

Nizhnee-  (Nijnii-  or  Nischnii-)  Novgorod,  a 
town  of  Russia,  capital  of  the  government  of  its  own  name, 
near  the  confluence  of  the  Oka  with  the  Volga,  265  miles 
by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Moscow.  Lat.  56°  19'  43"  N.;  Ion.  44» 
0'  58"  E.  Pop.  70,000,  but  during  the  continuance  of  its 
great  fair  from  200,000  to  300,000  persons  are  here  col- 
lected from  all  parts  of  Europe  and  Asia.  It  consists  of  an 
upper  and  a  lower  town  ;  the  former,  or  citadel,  on  a  height 
S.  of  the  Volga,  is  imposing  in  appearance,  and  has  some  good 
streets,  2  cathedrals,  the  government  oSiccs,  several  con- 
vents, public  schools,  and  churches,  with  an  obelisk  76  feet 
in  height.  The  lower  town,  extending,  on  flat  ground, 
along  the  Volga,  is  chiefly  buUt  of  wood,  and  communicates 
by  a  bridge  of  boats  across  the  Oka,  where  are  some  vast 
iron  and  stone  bazaars,  erected  by  the  Emperor  Alexander, 
divided  into  various  sections  for  separate  goods,  and  sur- 
rounded by  the  rivers  and  a  canal.  Here  is  held  the  largest 
fair  in  the  world,  for  8  weeks  from  the  1st  of  July,  annually. 
The  fair  is  laid  out  in  regular  quarters,  each  allotted  to  a 
particular  species  of  goods, — in  one  quarter,  tea;  in  an- 
other, costly  shawls,  carpets,  and  silk  goods ;  and  in  others, 
skins  and  furs,  ka. ;  a  largo  quarter  is  set  apart  for  the 
sale  of  Siberian  iron  in  every  variety  of  form,  raw  and 
manufactured.  The  value  of  merchandise  disposed  of  at 
these  fairs  amounts  in  some  years  to  over  $100,000,000, 
At  all  seasons  an  internal  commerce  of  great  extent  is  in 
active  operation,  including  every  article  which  the  different 
quarters  of  the  world  interchange  with  each  other.  Nizhnee- 
Novgorod  has  ecclesiastical  and  military  academies,  various 
other  public  institutions,  and  some  manufactures  of  linens 
and  leather.  Steamers  were  established  on  the  Volga  to 
Astrakhan  in  1820,  and  by  the  Kama  to  Perm  in  1847, 

Nizh'nee-Oo^dinsk',  or  Nijni-Udinsk,nizh'nee- 
ooMinsk',  a  town  of  Siberia,  government  of  Irkootsk,  about 
325  miles  W.N.W.  of  Irkootsk.     Pop.  3322. 

Nizhnee-Taghilsk,Nijnii-Taghilsk,orNijny- 
Tagilsk,  nizh'nee-ti-ghilsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  in  the 
Ural  Mountains,  government  and  155  miles  E.  of  Perm.  It 
is  well  built,  and  has  hospitals,  schools,  an  observatory,  ex- 
tensive forges,  and  manufactures  of  machinery.    P.  27,000. 


NIZ 


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Xizibin,  &  toTrn  of  Turkey.    See  Ni8ini!f. 

NiznioW)  nit'no-ov\  a  villngo  of  Austrian  Oaliota,  77 
milcB  S.S.E.  of  Lciuborg,  on  the  Dniester.     Pup.  3460. 

Nizza,  a  city  of  France.     See  Nick. 

Nizzii  di  Sicilia,  nit'sA  doe  ie-olico'lo-&,  or  San 
Fcriiundu,  sin  fJii-n\n'do,  ft  town  of  Sicily,  provinoo 
and  20  wiles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Messina.     Pop.  2121. 

Nizzn-Moiilcrrato,nit'8&mon-fdit-n&'to,or  Nizza> 
dclla-Paglia,  nit'si  dfil'lil  pM'yA,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  17  miles  S.W.  of  Alessandria,  on  the  Uolbo.  Pop. 
59U2.  It  haa  some  industry  in  silk-spinning,  and  a  brisk 
trade  in  wine  raised  in  its  neighborhood. 

Njiininda,  n'yoo-roon'dA,  a  river  of  Sweden,  lasn  of 
Ilcmiisand,  after  an  £.  course  of  17U  miles,  enters  the  Oulf 
of  Bothnia  8  inilos  S.E.  of  Sundsvall.  At  it*  mouth  are 
the  village  and  harbor  of  NJurunda. 

Noah,  Shelby  co.,  Ind.    See  Mariox. 

Nonillcs,  no'4l', a  town  of  France,  in  Oise,  9  miles  S.E. 
of  lioauvais.     Pop.  1362. 

No^akhal'lVt  or  No^acol'ly,  called  usually  Siid- 
haram,  sood'bil-r&m',  Sudharan,  and  Sudharani- 
nagar,  sood-har^&m-nilg'giir,  n  town  of  Bengal,  capital 
of  Noakbally  district,  on  a  tidal  channel,  10  miles  from  the 
sea.  Lat.  22°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  91°  6'  E.  It  has  several  mosques, 
a  jail,  and  a  hospital,  and  is  a  seat  of  trade.     Pop.  4762. 

Noakhally,  or  Noakhali,  no'&k-hil'Ie,  a  district  of 
Bengal,  bounded  S.  by  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  and  W.  by  the 
river  Mcgna.  Area,  1852  square  miles.  It  is  a  low,  allu- 
vial region,  and  in  part  consists  of  islands  in  the  sea. 
Canital,  Noakhally.     Pop.  961,319. 

Noakote^  or  Noacote^  no'&-k5t'  {Nava  cata,  the 
"now  fort"),  a  town  of  Nepaul,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Khat- 
mandoo.     Lat.  27°  53'  N.;  Ion.  85°  50'  E. 

Noale,  no-ii'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Padua. 
It  has  manufactures  of  carriages,  hats.  Sea.     Pop.  4232. 

Noalejo,  or  Noalcxo,  no-i-!4'no,  a  town  of  Spain, 
Andalusia,  province  and  22  miles  from  Jaon.     Pop.  2149. 

Noanngar,  a  town  of  India.    See  Nowanugcur. 

No'ank,  a  post-village  in  Groton  township.  New  Lon- 
don CO.,  Conn.,  on  the  sea-shore,  at  the  mouth  of  Mystic 
River,  and  on  the  railroad  which  connects  New  London 
with  Stonington,  about  7  miles  E.  by  S.  of  New  London. 
It  has  2  churches.  It  is  mainly  supported  by  ship-build- 
ing and  fishing. 

Noapoora,  no-H-poo'rJl,  a  town  of  India,  Baroda  do- 
minions, 60  miles  E.  of  Surat. 

Nobend>Jan,  no-b5nd^-jln',  a  ruined  city  of  Persia, 
province  of  Khooziston,  N.  of  Kazeroon. 

Noble,  no'b'l,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Indiana, 
has  an  area  of  about  420  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
Elkhart  River  and  Blue  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating 
or  nearly  level,  and  one-third  of  it  is  covered  with  forests. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Among  the  forest  trees  are  the  oak  and 
sugar-maple.  Wheat,  Indian  ccrn,  oats,  hay,  butter,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  from 
E.  to  W.by  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad 
and  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  the  latter  of  which 
connects  with  Albion,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,389; 
in  1880,  22,956;  in  1890,  2.3,359. 

Noble,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an  area 
of  about  415  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Seneca,  Duck, 
and  Will's  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  a  large 
part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  In- 
dian corn,  tobacco,  wheat,  hay,  oats,  and  wool  are  the 
staples.  Among  Its  minernl  resources  are  coal,  limestone, 
and  petroleum.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Cleveland 
&  Marietta  Railroad  and  the  Bellaire,  Zanesville  &  Cin- 
cinnati Railroad.  Capital,  Caldwell.  Pop.  in  1870, 19,949; 
in  1880,  21,138;  in  1890,  20,753. 

Noble,  a  post-village  of  Richland  co..  111.,  in  Noble 
township,  on  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  8  miles 
W.S.W.  of  OIney,  and  109  miles  E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  money-order  post-office,  and  2  wagon- 
shops.     Pop.  in  1890,  424;  of  the  township,  1516. 

Noble,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  904. 

Noble,  a  township  of  Jay  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1218.  It  con- 
tains Hector. 

Noble,  a  township  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind,  Pop.  1008.  It 
eontains  Union  Mills. 

Noble,  a  township  of  Noble  co.,  Ind,     Pop.  1013. 

Noble,  a  township  of  Rush  co.,  Ind.     Pop,  1203. 

Noble,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.     Pop,  1733. 

Noble,  a  township  of  Wabash  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  4485,  ex- 
clusive of  Wab.osh  City. 

Noble,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  563. 

Noble,  a  township  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  600. 
It  contains  Chapman. 


Noble,  a  townohip  of  Marshall  co.,  Kansas,  Pop.  883 
It  contains  Vermilion. 

Noble,  a  post-office  of  Rice  oo,,  Kansas. 

Noble,  a  township  of  Branch  co.,  Mioh.    Pop.  721. 

Noble,  a  township  of  Auglaize  co.,  0.     Pop.  115», ' 

Noble,  a  post-office  of  Cuyahoga  co,,  0,,  on  th«  Lak 
Shore  Railroad,  10  miles  N,E,  of  Cleveland. 

Noble,  a  township  of  DeQanoo  co,,  0,  Pop.  867.  I 
contains  Bruncrsburg. 

Noble,  a  township  of  Noble  co.,  0.  Pop,  1121.  I 
contains  Belle  Valley, 

Noble,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co,,  Pa.,  on  the  Nortl 
Pennsylvania  Railroad  (Bound  Brook  line),  9  miles  N 
Philadelphia,  and  1  mile  N.  of  Jenkintown. 

Nobl^as,orNobIcxa8,no-blA  iiis',a  townofSpair 
New  Castile,  province  and  E. N.E.  of  Toledo,     Pop.  ]«64. 

Nobles,  no'bl'z,  a  county  in  the  S,  W,  part  of  Minneioti 
bordering  on  Iowa,  has  an  area  of  720  square  milei,  1 
contains  several  lakes,  one  of  which,  named  Lake  (Jrabna 
is  about  8  miles  long.  The  surface  is  undulating  and  noarl 
destitute  of  forests.  This  county  is  intortectod  by  the  Bui 
lingtoii.  Cedar  Rnpids  &  Northern  Railroad  and  the  Chi 
cago,  St,  Paul,  Minneapolis  &  Omaha  Railroad,  Capita 
Worthington,     Pop.  in  1880,  4435;  in  18»(),  7y5S, 

Nobles,  a  station  on  tho  Pittsburg,  Titusville  i  Bui 
falo  Railroad,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Titusville,  Pa, 

Noblesborough,  no'bl'z-bur-ruh,  a  post-hamlet  o 
Lincoln  co..  Me,,  in  Noblesborough  township,  near  Nuble< 
borough  Station  on  tho  Kno.K  <t  Lincoln  Railroad,  which 
12  miles  E,N,E.  of  Wiscasset.  It  has  2  churches.  Th 
township  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Daraariscotta  Rivoi 
and  contains  several  saw-mills  and  a  village  named  Dams 
riscotta  Mills.     Pop.  of  the  township,  115(1, 

Noble's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N,Y.,  o 
Mill  Crock,  6i  miles  from  Riverside  Station.    It  hoi 
church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Noble's  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co,,  Ark.,  o 
tho  Little  Rock,  Pine  Bluff  <fc  Now  Orleans  Rnilroad, 
miles  S,  of  Arkansas  River,  and  10  miles  E,  of  Pine  Bluf 

NoblcstOAvn,  no'bl'z-town,  a  post-village  of  Alleghan 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Pittsburg  with  Steu 
benvillo,  15  miles  S.W,  of  Pittsburg,  It  has  3  churches, 
graded  school,  and  a  colliery  or  coke-factory.     Pop,  600, 

Noblesville,  no'bl'z- vil,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Haa 
ilton  co,,  Ind,,  in  Noblesville  township,  on  White  River, 
or  2  miles  above  tho  mouth  of  Cicero  Creek,  22  miles  N,N.I 
of  Indian.apolis,  and  19  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Anderson.    It 
on  the  Indianapolis,  Peru  <ts  Chicago  Railroad  whore 
crosses  the  Anderson,  Lebanon  &  St.  Louis  Railroad, 
contains  a  court-house,  5  churches,  2  newspaper  offices, 
banking-house,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  in  1390,  SOW 
of  the  township,  6274. 

Noblesville,  a  hamlet  of  Noble  co.,  Ind,,  S  miles  S.  d 
Albion,  and  about  1  mile  from  Merriam  Poat-Offico.  It  ba 
a  church. 

Noblesville,  or  New  Lisbon,  a  hamlet  of  Otsego eo 
N.Y,,  in  New  Lisbon  township,  14  miles  N,W.  of  Oneontf 
It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  <tc. 

Noblesville,  a  hamlet  of  German  township,  CUr 
CO.,  0.,  6  miles  N.W,  of  Springfield.     Pop.  60. 

Nobleton,  no'b'1-tQn,  a  hamlet  of  Polk  co,,  lows,  o 
the  Keokuk  &  Des  Moines  Railroad,  about  14  miles  £.N.i 
of  Des  Moines. 

Nobleton,  no'b'l-t^n,  or  Lam^mermoor',  a  post 
village  in  York  co,,  Ontario,  7  miles  W.  of  King.  It  con 
tains  a  hotel  and  3  stores.     Pop.  200. 

Nobleville,  no'b'1-vll,  a  post-office  of  Noble  oo.,  0. 

Noblexas,  a  town  of  Spain,    Sec  Nobleja.s. 

No'bob,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barren  co,,  Ky,,  13  miles  TV 
of  Glasgow,     It  has  2  churches  and  a  saw-mill, 

Nobra,  no'bri,  or  Nubbra,  niib'bri,  a  division  o 
Middle  Thibet,  populous  and  well  cultivated,  and  having 
fort  and  village  in  lat,  34°  38'  N.,  Ion,  77°  10'  E, 

Nobrcssart,  no'bris'san',  a  village  of  Belgium,  i 
Luxembourg,  6  miles  N,W,  of  Arlon.     Pop.  1526. 

Nobscot,  Massachusetts.    See  North  Frami.scham. 

Nobs'que  (or  Nobs'ka)  Point,  at  the  entrance  o| 
Buzzard's  Bay,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  Massachusetts.  1 
contains  a  fixed  light  80  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sei 
Lat,  41°  31'  N. ;  Ion.  70°  40'  W.     It  is  near  Wood's  lloli- 

Noceda  del  Vierzo,  no-thA'oi  dfil  vi-aia'tho,  a  ri. 
lago  of  Spain,  province  and  50  miles  from  Leon,  Pop.  82i 

Nocera,  no-chi'ri  (anc,  Nuce'ria  Cumella'na),  a  tow) 
of  Central  Italy,  21  miles  E,  of  Perugia.  Pop.  1346.  M 
is  the  seat  of  a  bishop,  and  near  it  arc  mineral  baths.      I 

Nocera,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Catanzaro,  distnil 
and  13  miles  N.W.  of  Nioastro.   ,Pop.  2593. 


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'  Nocera  dei  Pagani,  no-chi'r4  di'e  pi-gi'nee  (anc. 
iYuce'ria  Al/ater'na),  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Salerno, 
'm  tbo  Saruo,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Salerno.     P.op.  15,075.     It 
iitands  at  the  foot  of  a  hill,  overlooked  by  the  citadel  and 
iralls  of  the  ancient  city,  and  has  some  monasteries,  a  hos- 
)ital  cavalry  barracks,  several  public  schools,  and  manu- 
■icturos  of  linen  and  woollen  fabrics.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 
'  Noceto,  no-chi'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  6  miles  W.  of  Par- 
aa,  on  the  Rocchio,     Pop.  of  commune,  6980. 
Nochanitz,  Fayette  co.,  Tex.    See  Nechanitz. 
Noch'way,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Joulhwestern  Railroad  (Ward  Station),  lOi  miles  E.  of 
luthbort.    Hero  are  2  stores,  and  saw-  and  grist-mills. 
Noci,  no'chee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  29  miles 
.E.  of  Bari.     Pop.  7989.     It  has  a  large  hospital,  and  an 
ctivo  trade  in  wine,  oil,  silk,  and  corn. 
j  Nock^amix'oii,  a  post-township  of  Bucks   co..  Pa., 
Ibout  15  miles  E.  by  S.  of  AUcntown,  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
iy  the  Delaware  River,  and  contains  the  villages  of  Upper 
hiok  Eddy  and  Kintnersville.     Pop.  152S. 
Nock'enut,  a  post-village  of  AVilson  co.,  Tex.,  40  miles 
',.  of  San  Antonio.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 
Nod'away,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Missouri,  bor- 
lers  on  Iowa.     Area,  about  848  square  miles.     It  is  inter- 
lOted  by  the  Nodaway,  One  Hundred  and  Two,  and  Little 
latte  Rivers.     The  surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively 
vered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
,ttlc,  hay,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.     This 
iiunty  is  traversed  by  the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  &  Council 
tluffs  Railroad  and  the  Omaha  &,  St.  Louis  Railroad.    Cap- 
kl,  Maryville.     Pop.  in  1870,  14,751 ;  in  1880,  29,544 ;  in 
590,  30,914. 

Nodaway,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Iowa.  Pop,  806. 
pe  also  East  Nodaway. 

iNodaway,  a  township  of  Page  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1274, 
(•.elusive  of  Clarinda. 

jNodaway,  a  township  of  Taylor  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop.  613. 
jNodaway,  a  township  of  Andrew  co..  Mo.  Pop.  2363. 
contains  Savannah. 

iNodaway,  a  post-village  in  Lincoln  township,  Andrew 
L,  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri  River,  near  the  mouth  of  the 
tidaway,  and  on  the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  k  Council 
fuffa  Railroad,  14  miles  N.N.W.  of  St.  Joseph.  Pop.  286. 
[Nodaway,  a  township  of  Holt  co..  Mo.  Pop.  2055. 
LVodaway  Mills,  a  post-oflSce  of  Page  co.,  Iowa,  on 
!  Nodaway  River. 

podaway  River  rises  in  Cass  co.,  Iowa,  and  runs 
iithward  through  the  cos.  of  Montgomery  and  Pago  into 
:  state  of  Missouri.  It  next  intersects  Nodaway  co., 
ms  the  boundary  between  Andrew  and  Holt  cos.,  and 
jers  the  Missouri  River  about  20  miles  above  St.  Joseph. 
|is  about  200  miles  long. 

iiod'ena,  a  post-office  of  Mississippi  co..  Ark. 
'foduwez-Linsmeau,  noMiiVi'-liN.s'mo',  a  village 
<  Dolgium,  SO  miles  E.S.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1600. 
foel,  no-fir,  or  Moni,  mo'nce,  an  island  off  tho  S.AV. 
(,5t  of  Java. 
•  ocl,  an  island  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  S.  of  the  Sandwich 

fo'el,  a  post-village  in  Hants  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  Co- 
l  uid  Bay,  32  miles  from  Shubenacadie.  It  has  2  stores, 
5  ills,  and  a  manufactory  of  terra  alba.  Pop.  300. 
(foelgunge,  no-6l-gunj',  a  fortified  town  of  India,  in 
C  e,  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lucknow.  Lat.  26°  47'  N. :  Ion. 
&3.rE. 

'  o'el's,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Hanover  co.,  Va., 
Oj.he  Chesapeake  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  33  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
I  imond. 

,o'el  Shore,  a  post-h.amlet  in  Hants  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
0,'obcquid  Bay,  8  miles  from  Maitland.     Pop.  100. 

oerdlingen,  a  town  of  Bavaria.    See  Nordlingen. 

|oe's  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co..  Ark. 

iOessa-Kambangan.    See  Kembangan. 

joessa  Laat,  no-6s'si  lowt,  a  small  island  of  tho 
J  ly  Archipelago,  one  of  the  Moluccas,  S.  of  Coram.  Lat. 
3',0"  S.;  Ion.  128°  50'  E.     It  produces  cloves. 

oeux,  no^uh',  a  village  of  France,  in  Pas-de-Calais,  4 
111  3  from  Bcthuno,  and  14  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Arras.  It 
•»•  i  coal-mine  and  manufactures  of  oil  and  sugar.  P.  421 9. 
ogaisk,  no-ghisk',  Obitoshnei,  or  Obitochncj, 
o-:tosh-ni'o,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Taurida, 
o'lhe  Sea  of  Azof,  65  miles  S.S.E.  of  Orekhov.  Pop. 
•5' ,  mostly  Nogais  Tartars. 

Pgales,  no-gl'lSs,  a  town  of  Chili,  province  of  Val- 
pf.iso.    Pop.  2115. 

_>garo,  no^giVo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gers,  on  the 
Wj'H,  32  miles  W.N.W.  of  Auch.    Pop.  1658. 


Nogat,  no'git,  tbo  E.  arm  of  the  river  Vistula,  has  its 
delta  in  West  Prussia,  leaves  the  main  stream  12  miles  N. 
of  Marienwerder,  and,  after  a  N.N.E.  course  of  33  miles, 
enters  the  Frische-Haff  by  several  mouths. 

Nogent,  no^zh6>-o',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ilaute-Marne, 
11  miles  N.  of  Langres.  Pop.  3430.  It  has  important 
manufactures  of  cutlery. 

Nogent-ie-Bernard,  no'zhftxo'  l§h  bSiOnau",  a  town 
of  France,  Sarthe,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Mamers.     Pop.  2114. 

Nogent-le-lloi,  no^zhftx"'  l§h  rwi,  a  town  of  France, 
Eure-et-Loir,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Droux,  on  the  Eure.     P.  1412. 

Nogent-Ie-Rotrou,  no'zh6s"'  l^h  ro'troo',  a  town  of 
France,  Eure-et-Loir,  35  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Chartres, 
on  the  Iluisne.  Pop.  6569.  It  is  built  in  a  curious  form, 
having  only  four  streets,  with  a  meadow  in  the  centre.  It 
has  a  communal  college  and  the  ruins  of  a  huge  ancient 
fortress  which  was  inhabited  by  Sully,  also  tanneries  and 
manufactures  of  edge-tools,  starch,  <fec. 

Nogent-sur-Marue,  no'zhft.v'  siiB  mann,  a  village 
of  France,  in  Seine,  5  miles  E.  of  Paris,  on  the  Marne.  I'. 
has  manufactures  of  chemical  products,  pottery,  musical 
instruments,  <fec.     Pop.  7481. 

Nogent-sur-Seine,  no^zh6Na'  sUr  sin,  a  town  of 
France,  in  Aube,  29  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Troyes,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Seine,  and  on  the  railway  to  Montereau.  Pop. 
3334.  It  has  considerable  trade  in  timber,  and  flour-mills. 
Near  it  are  the  ruins  of  Paraclet,  a  monastery  founded  by 
Abelard  in  the  twelfth  century. 

Nograd,  a  county  of  Hungary.    See  Neocrad. 

Nogueira  do  Cravo,  no-gi'e-rido  kril'vo,  a  town  of 
Portugal,  in  Beira,  40  miles  from  Coimbra.     Pop.  1874. 

Noguera-Pallaresa,  no-gi'ri  pil-ya-ri'si,  a  river 
of  Spain,  rises  in  the  Pyrenees,  near  the  Val  d'Aran,  in 
Catalonia,  flows  S.S.W.,  and  joins  the  Segre  20  miles  N.E. 
of  Lerida.     Total  course,  about  80  miles. 

Noguera-Uivagorauzo,  no-g4'ri  re-vi-go-rln'tho, 
a  river  of  Spain,  rises  in  the  Pyrenees,  near  the  Val  d'Aran, 
flows  S.,  mostly  between  Aragon  and  Catalonia,  and  falls 
into  the  Segre  15  miles  S.  of  Lerida.     Length,  80  miles. 

Null,  a  town  of  India.     See  Nho. 

No'hart,  a  post-office  of  Richardson  co..  Neb.,  is  at  tho 
Iowa  Indian  Reservation,  on  the  line  between  Kansas  and 
Nebraska. 

Nohcacab,  noh-kl-kib',  a  village  of  Mexico,  Yucat.an, 
lat.  20°  30'  N.,  Ion.  89°  35'  W.,  in  an  extensive  plain,  with 
a  large  church,  a  town  house,  and  a  large  school-house. 
Pop.  about  6000.  Near  it  are  remains  of  an  ancient  city 
of  the  same  name. 

Noia,  two  towns  of  Italy.    See  Noja. 

Noir,  nwaR,  an  island  of  South  America,  ofi"  the  S.W. 
coast  of  Terra  del  Fuego,  lat.  54°  30'  S.,  Ion.  73°  5'  40"  W., 
about  600  feet  in  height.  In  the  S.W.  it  terminates  in  a 
lofty  rock  like  a  tower,  which  bears  the  name  of  Cape  Noir. 

Noirc-Fontaiiic,  nwaR-f6N»Hin',  a  village  of  Bel- 
gium, Luxembourg,  33  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Arlon.     Pop.  1300. 

Noirmoiit,  nwau'm6x°',  or  Schwarzcubcrg, 
shwaRt's§n-bfiRG\  a  village  and  parish  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton and  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bern.     Pop.  1906. 

Noirmoutiers,  nwau^moo'te-i',  an  island  of  the  At- 
lantic, on  the  coast  of  Franco,  department  of  Vendee. 
Lengtk,  12  miles;  greatest  breadth,  3  miles.  Noirmoutiers, 
the  capital,  is  situated  on  the  N.E.  co.ast.     Pop.  2080. 

Noisy- 1  e- Grand,  nwH'zee'  l§h  gr6N<»  {LaX.NoiHittcnm), 
a  town  of  France,  in  Seine,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Marne, 
about  9  miles  from  Paris.     Pop.  1341. 

Noisy-le-Sec,  nwi'zee'  l§h  s5k,  a  village  of  France, 
in  Seine,  with  a  station  on  the  Paris  &,  Strasburg  Railway, 
5  miles  N.N.E.  of  Paris.     Pop.  2750. 

Noja,  no'yi,  or  Noia,  no'e-i,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  9  miles  S.E.  of  Bari.     Pop.  7600. 

Noja,  or  Noia,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basilicata,  13  milas 
S.S.W.  of  Tursi.     Pop.  1550. 

Nokere,  no^kaiii',  a  village  of  Belgium,  East  Flanders, 
15  miles  S.W.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  1720. 

Nokesville,  noks'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prince  William 
CO.,  Va.,  on  tho  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  34  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Alcxandriar.     It  has  a  w.agon-factory. 

Noko'mis,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co..  111.,  in 
Nokomis  township,  on  the  Indianapolis  &  St.  Louis  Rail- 
road, 27  miles  E.N.E.  of  Litchfield,  and  44  miles  S.  by  W. 
of  Decatur.  It  has  a  graded  school,  6  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  national  bank,  2  flouring-mills,  and  2  eleva- 
tors for  grain.     Pop.  in  1890,  1305  ;  of  the  township,  2186. 

Nokomis,  township,  Buena  Vista  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1608. 

Nokuiida,  no-kiin'di,  or  Nokun'deh,  a  town  of 
Persia,  province  and  about  30  miles  W.  of  Astrabad,  in  the 
bay  of  that  name,  on  the  S.E.  shores  of  the  Caspian. 


NOL 


2004 


NOR 


NoIr,  no'll,  a  cit;  of  Italy,  prorinoo  of  Cnscrta,  14 
mil.*  E.N.B.  of  Naples.  Pop.  11,895.  It  has  16  churches, 
■everal  convents,  2  no^pitals,  a  royal  college  and  seminary, 
large  cavalry  barracks,  an  old  paltiuo,  and  a  largo  inarkot- 
plao«.  Nola  was  anciently  one  of  the  largest  cities  of 
llaffHa  Orxeia,  but  it  has  few  remains  of  antiquity.  It  is 
a  bishop's  see. 

Nol'a  Chuck'y*  a  post-hamlot  of  Washington  co., 
Tonn.,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  about  12  miles  S.W. 
of  Joncsborough. 

NoPachnck'f  (or  NolMichnck')  River  rises  in  the 
niue  Ridge,  in  the  \V.  part  of  North  Carolina,  and  passes  into 
Kast  Tennessee.  Its  general  direction  is  westward.  It  in- 
torpects  the  cos.  of  Washington  and  Greene  in  Tennessee, 
and  enters  the  French  Broad  River  about  20  miles  W.  of 
Qreoncville.     Length,  about  150  miles. 

No'lan,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  of  Texas.  Area,  900 
■quarc  miles.     Capital,  Sweet  Water.      Pop.  in  1890,  1573. 

No'land  River^  Texas,  a  small  stream  which  rises  in 
Johnson  co.,  runs  southward,  and  enters  the  Brazos  River 
in  Ilill  CO. 

Noland  River,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Tex. 

No'land's  Fork,  Indiana,  rises  in  Randolph  co.,  runs 
nearly  southwestward  through  Wayne  co.,  and  enters  the 
West  Fork  of  Whitewater  River  in  Fayette  co.,  about  6 
miles  above  Connorsville. 

Noland  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Bell  oo.,  Tex. 

Nolan's  Point,  Morris  co.,  N.J.    See  IIopatcoxo. 

Nolay,  noMi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Cftte-d'Or,  10  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Beaune.     Pop.  2355. 

Nolay,  a  village  of  France,  in  Nidvre,  11  miles  N.E. 
of  Nevers.     Pop.  1795. 

No'lcnsville,  a  post-village  of  Williamson  co.,  Tenn., 
15^  miles  S.S.E.  of  Nashville.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
high  school. 

Noli,  no'loe,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Genoa,  8  miles 
S.S.AV.  of  Savona,  on  the  Gulf  of  Genoa.     Pop.  1766. 

Nolichacky,  North  Carolina.     See  Nolachucky. 

No'lin,  a  post-village  of  Hardin  co.,  Ky.,  on  Nolin 
Creek,  and  on  the  Louisville  &  Great  Southern  Railroad,  63 
miles  S.  of  Louisville.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  college. 

Nolin  Creek,  Kentucky,  rises  in  or  near  Hardin  co., 
runs  southward  and  southwestward,  forms  the  boundary 
between  the  cos.  of  Grayson  and  llart,  and  enters  the 
Green  River  at  Brownsville.     It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Nolinsk,  no-leensk'  or  no-liusk',  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  62  miles  S.  of  Viatka.     Pop.  2551. 

No'lo,  a  post-office  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa. 

Nolye,  noMi',  a  town  of  India,  Qwalior  dominions,  29 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Oojein.     Lat.  23°  3'  N. ;  Ion.  75°  27'  E. 

No  Man's  Land,  a  small  island  in  the  Atlantic,  S.  of 
Martha's  Vineyard,  and  belonging  to  the  township  of  Chil- 
mark,  Dukes  co.,  Mass. 

No  Man's  Land,  a  district  of  South  Africa,  Cape 
Colony,  now  principallj'  included  in  Oriqualand  East. 

Nombcia,  nom-bi'li,  a  town  of  Spain,  New  Castile,  in 
Toledo,  near  the  Alberche,  S.E.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  1630. 

Nombrc-de-Dios,  nom'bri  dk  dee'oce,  a  town  of 
Mexico,  department  and  60  miles  E.  of  Durango.  Pop. 
6800.     Near  it  are  some  rich  silver-mines. 

Nombre-dc-Dios,  nom'bri  di  dee'oce,  a  port^f  tho 
republic  of  Colonibin,  on  the  Carribbean  Sea,  department 
and  40  miles  N.E.  of  Panama. 

Nomeny,  no*m?h-neo',  a  town  of  France,  Meurthe-et- 
Mosclle,  on  the  Seille,  14  miles  N.  of  Nancy.     Pop.  1227. 

Nom'iny  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Va. 

Nomo,  no'mo,  or  Nomosaki,  no-mo-sS.'kee,  a  re- 
markable headland  of  Japan,  on  the  W.  of  the  island  of 
Kioo-Sioo,  forming  the  S.  side  of  the  Bay  of  Nagasaki.  Lat. 
32°  35'  N. ;  lou.  129°  43'  E.  Near  this  cape  is  the  small 
island  of  Kawasima,  and  to  the  N.W.  are  the  rocks  callcil 
by  the  Japanese  Mitsu-se,  and  by  the  Dutch  De  Hen  met 
de  Kuikens  ("  the  Hen  and  Chickens"). 

Nona,  no'ni  (anc.  jEnona  f),  a  decayed  town  of  Dal- 
matia,  9  miles  N.  of  Z.ara,  with  a  port  and  a  bishop's  see. 

Nonancourt,  no*nftN»'kooR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Eure, 
on  the  Avre,  IS  miles  S.  of  Evreux.     Pop.  1750. 

Nonantola,  no-nin'to-li,  a  town  of  Italy,  9  miles  N.E. 
of  Modena,  on  the  Panaro.     Pop.  of  commune,  5535. 

None,  no'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  division  of 'Turin,  prov- 
ince of  Pinerolo,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Turin.     Pop.  2934. 

Nonesuch,  nun'such,  a  post-office  of  Ontonagon  eo., 
Mich.,  4  miles  from  Lake  Superior.  Here  is  a  copper-mine 
ealled  Nonesuch. 

Non  Intervention,  post-office,  Lunenburg  co.,  Va. 

Nonnenweier,  non'n^n-^r^r,  or  Nonnenweiler, 
a  village  of  Baden,  circle  of  Middle  Rhine,  on  the  Rhine. 


Nonncnwerth,  Prussia.    Seo  Rolandrwerth. 

Nonpareil,  nfln-pi^-rell',  post-office,  llcno  co.,  Kanui 

Nontron,  nA.v»HrON»',  a  town  of  France,  department  o 
Dordogno,  on  the  Bandiat,  30  miles  N.  of  P6rigucux.  Pot 
2378.  It  has  a  church  and  a  hospital,  large  hot-blatt-fui 
naces,  and  manufactures  of  cutlery,  leather,  Ac. 

Nookaheeva,  Noukahiva,  or  Nukahivti,  noo-kl 
hee'v&,  the  largest  of  the  Marquesas  Island.-^,  PacilloOcear 
near  the  centre  of  the  group.  Lat.  of  W.  jioint,  8°  53'  S. 
Ion.  139''  49'  W.  Length,  18  miles.  The  surface  ii  moun 
tainous  and  richly  wooded.     Pop.  1500. 

Nookhh,  Nukh^,  or  Nuclitl,  noo'khi,  a  town  o 
Russia,  government  of  Yelisavctpol,  150  miles  N.W.  o 
Bakoo,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  Caucasus.  Pup.  24,994.  ] 
has  a  fortress  and  silk-works. 

Nook'inut,  an  Innuit  village  of  Alaska,  on  the  ihors  o 
Port  Clarence,  S.E.  of  Behring  Strait. 

Nooksachk,  nook's&k,  a  nost-hamlet  of  Whatcom  oo 
Washington,  about  120  miles  N.  of  Seattle.  It  has  foret 
of  lir,  cedar,  pine,  Ac. 

Noon,  Noun,  or  Nun,  noon,  Akassa,  H-k&t-tl',  < 
Wad'y  Noon,  a  river  of  Morocco,  forming  a  part  of  i 
S.  boundary,  enters  tho  Atlantic  after  a  W.  course  of  U 
miles.    See  also  Akassa. 

Noon,  Noun,  or  Nun,  noon,  a  river  of  Mnnchoorl 
East  Asia,  after  a  generally  southward  course  of  5UU  mile 
joins  the  Soongaree  about  20  miles  N.  of  Petoono.  On  i 
banks  are  the  towns  of  Mcrghcn  and  Tsitsikar. 

Noonivak,  Nounivak,  or  Nunivak,  noo'nc-vlk,i 
island  of  Alaska,  in  Behring  Sea,  off  Cape  Vancouver.  Li 
60°  N.;  Ion.  165°  to  167°  W.  Length,  70  miles;  met 
breadth,  about  30  miles.  It  is  hilly  and  lightly  wooded,  u 
peopled  by  Esquimaux. 

Noor,  a  Tartar  word.     See  Nob. 

Noora,  Nonra,  or  Nura,  noo'ri,  a  river  of  Siben 
rises  near  the  S.W.  frontier  of  tho  government  of  Om« 
flows  N.W.,  and  unites  with  the  Little  Noora  from  Lai 
Koorgaljin,  and  with  the  Koozakoochin,  forming  the  Isbii 

Noorabad,  nooVi-bdd'  (the  "abode  of  light"),  a  v 
lage  of  India,  dominion  and  13  miles  N.N.W.  of  Qwalio 

Noorcondy,  noor-kon'dce,  a  town  of  India,  in  t 
Deccan,  38  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bejapoor,  with  a  large  fort 

Noord  Braband,  Netherlands.   Seo  North  Braba5 

Noordbrock,  noRt'brSOk,  a  village  of  the  Netbi 
lands,  province  and  13  miles  E.  of  Groningen.     Pop.  22( 

Noordwyk-Binnen,  nont'^ik-bin'nijn,  a  village 
the  Netherlands,  in  South  Holland,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Lc 
den.     Pop.  3102.     Nordwyk  or  Nordwyk-am-Zee,  noK 
<^ik-8,m-zi,  is  a  village  near  tho  above. 

Noordwykerhout,  nont'^I-k^r-hflwt*,  a  village  of  t 
Netherlands,  in  South  Holland,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Leyden 

Noorja,  nooR'ji,  a  village  of  Sinde,  14  miles  N, 
Sehwan,  and  3  miles  W.  of  the  Indus.     Lat.  26°  32'  N, 

Noorwegen,  tho  Dutch  name  of  Norway. 

Nooseneck  (nooss'nok)  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  K< 
00.,  R.I.,  20  miles  S.AV.  of  Providence.  It  has  a  chm 
and  a  eotton-niill. 

Noot'ka  Sound,  a  harbor  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  on  f 
W.  side  of  Vancouver  Island.     Lat.  49°  35'  N. 

No'pal,  a  post-office  of  McMullin  co.,  Tex. 

Nor,  or  Noor,  a  Tartar  word,  signifying  "  lake,"  Ac 

Nora,  no'ri,  a  town  of  Sweden,  at  a  railway  junotii 
Ijen  and  18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Orebro.     Pop.  1333. 

No'ra,  a  post-village  of  Jo  Daviess  co..  111.,  in  N( 
township,  on  tho  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  4  miles  S.E. 
Warren,  and  31  miles  N.W.  of  Freeport.  It  has  2  ohoroh 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1046.  *    t  j 

Nora,  a  station  in  Hendricks  co.,  Ind..  on  the  Ind' 
napolis  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  1  mile  W.  of  Danville. 

Nora,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  on  Wtp 
River,  9  miles  N.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  a  church,  and 
fine  iron  bridge  across  tho  river. 

Nora,  a  post-office  of  Humboldt  co.,  Iowa. 

Nora,  a  post-office  of  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich. 

Nora,  a  post-township  of  Pope  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  l" 

Nora,  a  post-office  of  Nuckolls  co.,  Neb. 

Nora,  a  post-office  of  Dane  co.,  Wis. 

Nora  Junction,  a  station  of  the  Burlington,  Ce 
Rapids  A  Northern  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Chica,, 
Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  1  mile  W.  of  Nora  Spnr, 
and  8  miles  E.  of  Mason  City,  Iowa. 

Nora  Springs,  a  post-village  in  Rock  Grove  townsi* 
Floyd  CO.,  Iowa,  on  Shell  Rock  River,  and  on  the  Chioi), 
Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad  (Iowa  A  Dakota  a'»'»"L' 
9  miles  E.  of  Mason  City,  and  18  miles  W.N.W.p 
Charles  City.  It  has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  4  churci;. 
a  high  school,  2  grist-mills,  and  an  iron-foundry.  Pop. " 


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Norba  Cscsarea,  the  ancient  name  of  Alcastara. 
Nor'beck,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md.,  3 
ilea  E.  of  llockville. 

Norbers;,  non'bfiBO,  a  town  of  Sweden,  laen  and  36 
iles  N.N.W.  of  Westerds. 

Nor'borne,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern  Railroad,  66  miles  E. 
'f  N.  of  Kansas  City,  and  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  CarroUton. 
has  a  newsi)aper  office,  4  churches,  a  money-order  post- 
Bee,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.  Pop.  in  1890,  1005. 
Norburg,  a  town  of  Sleswick.  See  Nordboro. 
Norcia,  noR'ehi,  a  town  of  Italy,  13  miles  E.  of  Spo- 
to.  It  is  situated  in  a  high  valley,  near  the  source  of  the 
era,  and  has  trade  in  wine,  oil,  and  agricultural  produce. 
is  identical  with  the  ancient  Nur'aia.  It  is  a  bishop's 
0.    Pop.  8687. 

Nor'cross,  a  post-village  of  Gwinnett  co.,  Oa.,  on  the 
tlnnta  &  Richmond  Air-Line  Railroad,  20  miles  N.E.  of 
thinta.  It  has  3  churches,  2  seminaries,  6  stores,  and  a 
cam  cotton-gin.     Pop.  about  500. 

Nord,  noR,  a  department  of  France,  so  named  from  its 
isition  in  the  N.  of  that  country,  formed  of  the  old  prov- 
eo  of  Flanders,  on  the  frontiers  of  Belgium.  Area,  2170 
uare  miles.  Pop.  in  1891,  1,736,341,  being,  after  the 
■partment  of  Seine,  tho  most  populous  in  France.  The 
rface  is  generally  flat,  and  watered  by  numerous  streams, 
iiong  which  are  the  Aa,  the  Scheldt  and  its  affluents  the 
;irpe  and  Lys,  the  Deule,  and  the  Sambre,  all  navigable, 
1  generally  united  by  canals.  It  has  rich  mines  of  coal, 
III,  turf,  and  bitumen.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  the  best 
Itivated  in  France.  Its  staple  products  are  cereal  grains, 
ix,  heuip,  tobacco,  hops,  &o.  Fishing  is  actively  pur- 
Letl  on  tho  coasts.  The  department  of  Nord  is  also  the 
mt  industrious  in  France ;  it  has  manufactures  of  every 
[nd,  of  which  the  most  celebrated  are  cotton  stuffs,  woollen 
pth,  iron,  cambric,  linen,  lace,  thread,  and  beet  sugar. 
he  department  is  divided  into  the  arrondissemcnts  of 
jresnes,  Cambrai,  Douai,  Dunkerque,  Ilazebrouck,  Lille, 
Id  Valenciennes.     Capital,  Lille. 

'Nord,  a  post- village  of  Butte  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Central 
icific  Railroad  (Oregon  division),  102  miles  N.  by  AV.  of 
cramento.  It  has  a  hotel  and  3  stores. 
[Nord-Amerika.  See  North  America. 
[Nordborg,  noRd'boRO,  or  Norburg,  noR'bo5RO,  a 
fivn  of  Sleswick,  on  the  island  of  Alsen,  13  miles  E.N.E. 
Apenrade.     Pop.  1541. 

Norden,  non'd^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  14 
les  N.W.  of  Aurioh,  joins  the  German  Ocean  by  a  canal. 
■p.  6130. 

Nor'den,  a  post-hamlet  of  Deuel  co.,  S.D.,  10  miles  E. 
S.  of  Clear  Lake.  It  has  a  church. 
Norderney,  noR'd?r-nr,  an  island  of  Prussia,  in  the 
)rth  Sea,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Aurich,  with  an  area  of  4 
tuare  miles.  It  has  sea-bathing  establishments.  P.  2042. 
iNorder  Oog,  noR'd^r  og,  and  Sudcr  Gog,  soo'd§r 
,  Prussia,  are  islands  of  Sleswick,  in  the  North  Sea,  W. 
Pelworm. 

Xordhalben,  nont'hirb^n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
dach,  30  miles  N.  of  Bairouth.  Pop.  1734. 
IVordhausen,  noRt'hSw'z^n,  a  fortified  town  of  Prus- 
n  Saxony,  38  miles  N.N.W.  of  Erfurt,  on  the  Zorge. 
p.  23,570.  It  is  enclosed  by  old  walls  flanked  by  towers, 
i  has  numerous  churches,  a  gymnasium  and  other  high 
lools,  3  hospitals,  an  orphan  asylum,  a  theatre,  manu- 
tures  of  woollen  and  linen,  chemicals,  sealing-wax,  soap, 
J  leather,  and  many  distilleries  and  oil-mills. 
Vordheim,  noRt'hime,  or  Nort'heim,  a  town  of 
ussia,  in  Hanover,  12  miles  N.  of  Gottingen,  on  the 
hmc.  Pop.  5661.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has 
nufactures  of  tobacco. 

Vordheim,  Saxe- Weimar.    See  Kalten-Nordheim. 
Vordheim,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  in  Lower  Franconia, 
the  Main.     Pop.  1039. 

Vordheim,  a  village  of  Germany,  WUrtemberg,  baili- 
:k  of  Brackenheim.     Pop.  1170. 

Vord'hof,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ventura  co.,  Cal.,  in  the 
li  Valltsy,  30  miles  E.  of  Santa  Barbara. 
Vordhorn,  noRt'hoRn,   a  town  of  Prussia,  44  miles 
S.W.  of  Osnaburg,  on  the  Vechta.     Pop.  1541. 
Vordkoping,  Sweden.    See  Norrkjopino. 
Vordland,  nond'lAnd,  or  NorrMand,  an  amt  of  Nor- 
(jr,  mostly  between  lat.  65°  and  70°  N.  and  Ion.  12°  and 
l'  E.,  having  W.  the  Atlantic.     Area,  comprising  the 
iffoden  Islands,   14,337    square    miles.     Pop.   104,151. 
iiof  town,  Bodoe. 

i^ordland,  or  Norrland,  the  N.  division  of  Iceland. 
ilordland,  Lyon  oo.,  Minn.    See  Norland. 


NOrdlingen,  or  Noerdlingen,  noRt'ling-^n,  almost 
nuRt'ling-^n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Goldbach,  and  on 
the  railway  between  Donauworth  and  Oettingen,  50  miles 
S.W.  of  Nuremberg.  It  is  enclosed  by  ancient  bastioncd 
ramparts,  and  has  a  handsome  Gothic  cathedral  with  many 
curious  monuments  and  paintings  and  a  tower  345  feet  in 
height,  several  other  churches,  a  town  hall  ornamented 
with  fresco  paintings,  an  orphan  asylum,  considerable  man- 
ufactures of  leather,  linens,  woollen  stuffs,  and  carpets,  and 
an  extensive  trade  in  feathers  and  hogs.     Pop.  7223. 

Nordstrand,  nont'strind,  an  island  of  Prussia,  off  the 
W.  coast  of  Sleswick,  15  miles  N.E.  of  the  mouth  of  tho 
Eider.  Area,  20  square  miles.  Pop.  2344.  N.  of  it  is  the 
islet  NoRDSTRANDiscH-MooR,  noRt'strind-ish  moR. 

Nor'dyke,  or  Nor'dyk,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dallas  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Raccoon  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Rock 
Island  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Des  Moines. 

Nord  Zee,  the  Dutch  name  of  the  North  Sea. 

Nore,  The,  a  part  of  the  estuary  of  the  English  river 
Thames,  E.  of  Shcerness.  The  Nore  light  floats  on  a  sand- 
bank, 4  miles  N.E.  of  Sheerness. 

Norenberg,  no'r^n-bfina^  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pome- 
rania,  40  miles  E.  of  Stettin,  on  Lake  Enzig.     Pop.  2776. 

Norfieid,  Connecticut.    See  Northfield. 

Norfolk,  nor'fpk,  a  county  of  England,  having  N.  and 
E.  tho  North  Sea,  and  W.  the  Wash.  Area,  2116  squaro 
miles.  Surface  level,  or  gently  undulating.  Principal 
rivers,  the  Great  and  Little  Ouse,  and  Yare.  Parks,  woods, 
and  rabbit-warrens  are  numerous.  Vast  quantities  of  tur- 
keys and  geese  are  reared  for  the  London  market.  Marl  is 
the  only  mincr.al  of  consequence.  Many  lines  of  railway 
traverse  this  county.  Chief  towns,  Norwich,  Yarmouth, 
Lynn,  and  Thetford.  Its  E.  and  W.  divisions  each  send 
two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons,  and  eight  members 
are  sent  by  its  boroughs.  Under  the  Britons  Norfolk  formed 
a  part  of  the  territory  of  the  Ice'ni,  and  under  the  Saxons, 
of  the  kingdom  of  East  Anglia.     Pop.  (1891)  456,474. 

Norfolk,  nor'fpk,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Massa- 
chusetts, has  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.  The  N. 
part  of  it  is  adjacent  to  Boston.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E. 
by  Massachusetts  Bay,  intersected  by  the  Charles  River,  and 
partly  drained  by  tho  Neponset  River.  The  surface  is  uneven 
or  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the 
oak,  hickory,  ash,  elm,  beech,  and  other  trees.  Tho  soil  is 
partly  fertile,  and  produces  hay,  Indian  corn,  potatoes,  &c. 
Many  of  the  inhabitants  are  employed  in  the  manufacture 
of  woollen  goods,  hosiery,  paper,  straw  goods,  leather,  and 
other  articles.  This  county  has  extensive  quarries  of  fine 
Quincy  granite.  It  is  intersected  by  various  branches  of 
the  New  York  &  New  England  and  Old  Colony  Railroads. 
Capital,  Dedham.  Pop.  in  1870,  89,413;  in  1880,  96,507: 
in  1890,  118,950. 

Norfolk,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Virginia,  has  an 
area  of  about  476  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  a  part  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  called  Hampton  Roads,  and 
is  contiguous  to  the  mouth  of  James  River.  It  is  drained 
by  Elizabeth  River  and  Deep  Creek.  The  surface  is  level, 
and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  cypress  and  other 
trees.  The  soil  is  mostly  sandy.  Indian  corn  and  potatoes 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  comprises  a  large  part 
of  the  Dismal  Swamp,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Dismal 
Swamp  Canal,  and  traversed  by  the  Norfolk  <fc  Western 
Railroad,  the  Atlantic  &,  Danville  Railroad,  the  Chesapeake 
<fc  Ohio  Railroad,  the  New  York,  Philadelphia  <fc  Norfolk 
Railroad,  and  others.  Capital,  Portsmouth.  This  is  the 
most  populous  county  of  the  state,  except  Henrico.  Pop.  in 
1870,  46,702;  in  1880,  58,657;  in  1890,  77,038. 

Norfolk,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk  township,  Litchfield 
CO.,  Conn.,  on  the  Central  New  England  &  We.-tern  Rail- 
road, 45  miles  W.N.W.  of  Hartford.  It  is  surrounded  by 
high  hills.  It  has  a  large  hotel,  a  savings-bank,  3  churches, 
an  academy,  a  silk-mill,  and  manufactures  of  axles,  hosierv, 
shears,  .fee.     Pop.  of  township  in  1880, 1418  ;  in  1890, 1546. 

Norfolk,  a  post- village  ol  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  in  a  town- 
ship of  the  same  name,  on  the  Boston,  Hartford  <t  Erie 
Railroad,  23  miles  S.S.W.  of  Boston.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  woollen-mill.  Tho  township  is  bounded  on  the  N.W. 
by  Charles  River.     Pop.  of  the  toivnship,  920. 

Norfolk,  a  post-township  of  Renvilleco.,  Minn.   P.  241. 

Norfolk,  a  hamlet  of  Mississippi  co.,  Mo.,  on  tho  Mis- 
sissippi River,  4i  miles  below  Bird's  Point. 

Norfolk,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Neb.,  on  the 
North  Branch  of  the  Elkhom  River,  2  miles  N.  of  that 
river,  and  about  50  miles  N.  of  Columbus.  It  has  a  bank, 
3  churches,  a  newspaper  o£Sce,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  United 
States  land  ofiBce.     Pop.  in  1880,  547 ;  in  1890,  3038. 

Norfolk,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk  township,  St.  Lair^ 


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r«noe  oo.,  N.T.,on  the  Rneket  Rlror,  about  28  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Ogdenvburg,  and  3  miles  N.  of  tho  Ogdensburg  A  Lalce 
Chaiunliiin  Railroad.  It  has  Trater-power  and  several  mills 
and  cnurchos,  also  manufiicturos  of  carriages,  fumitare, 
and  stnroh.     Pop.  540  ;  of  the  tovrnship,  2476. 

Norfolk,  a  post-offlco  of  Douglas  oo.,  Oregon. 

Norfolk,  a  oitj  and  port  of  entry  of  Norfollc  oo.,  Va., 
is  situated  on  the  right  or  N.  banlt  of  Elizabeth  River,  8 
miles  from  Hampton  Ronds,  32  milos  from  tho  sea,  100 
miles  by  water  or  100  miles  by  land  S.E.  of  Richmond. 
Lat.  .10°  51'  N. ;  Ion.  76°  19'  W.  The  river,  which  is  seven- 
eighths  of  a  mile  wide,  separates  it  from  Portsmouth.  Ne-tt 
to  Richmond,  Norfollc  is  the  most  populous  city  of  Virginia. 
It  hivs  more  foreign  commerce  than  any  other  place  in  the 
state,  and  together  with  Portsmouth  is  tho  most  imi>ortant 
naval  station  in  the  Union.  (See  PoRTSMOurn.)  The  harbor 
is  large,  safe,  and  easily  accessible,  admitting  vossols  of  the 
largest  class  to  come  to  the  wharves.  The  site  of  the  city 
is  almost  a  dead  level ;  tho  plan  is  somewhat  irregular  ;  the 
streets  are  wide,  mostly  well  built  with  brick  or  stone  houses, 
and  lighted  with  gas.  The  most  conspicuous  public  build- 
ings are  the  city  hall,  which  has  a  granite  front,  a  cupola 
110  feoi  high,  and  a  portico  of  six  Tuscan  columns;  tho 
Norfolk  Military  Academy,  a  Doric  structure,  with  a  portico 
of  six  columns  at  each  end;  the  Mechanics'  Ilall,  a  Gothic 
building;  a  masonic  temple,  Ashland  Kail,  and  the  custom- 
house. It  contains  a  court-house,  26  churches,  several 
academies,  St.  John's  Theological  Seminary  (Catholic),  2 
national  banks,  7  other  banks,  and  a  theatre.  Three  daily 
and  several  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Norfolk 
communicates  with  New  York,  Philadelphia,  Baltimore,  and 
Richmond  by  regular  lines  of  steamers.  It  is  the  E.  ter- 
minus of  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &,  Ohio  Railroad  and  of 
the  Seaboard  &  Roanoke  Railroad.  Its  trade  is  facilitated 
by  the  Dismal  Swamp  Canal  and  the  Albemarle  &  Chesa- 
peake Canal,  tho  former  of  which  extends  from  Norfolk  to 
the  navigable  Pasquotank  River.  The  entrance  of  tho  har- 
bor is  defended  by  Forts  Calhoun  and  Monroe.  Large 
quantities  of  cotton,  oysters,  early  fruits,  and  vegetables  are 
shipped  hero.  Annual  value  of  exports  about  $12,000,000. 
Pop.  in  1870,  19,229;  in  1880,  21,906;  in  1890,  34,871. 

Norfolk,  nor'fijk,  a  county  of  Ontario,  oordering  upon 
Lake  Erie.  Area,  635  square  miles.  It  is  watered  by  small 
streams  flowing  into  Lake  Erie,  and  is  traversed  by  the 
Canada  Southern  and  Canada  Air- Lino  Railways.  Capital, 
Simcoe.     Pop.  30,760. 

Nor'folk  Hay,  an  inlet  on  tho  S.E.  coast  of  Tasmania, 
20  miles  E.  of  IIobart-Town.  It  is  deep,  and  nearly  land- 
locked by  Forresticr  and  Tasraan  Peninsulas. 

Norfolk  Island,  Pacific  Ocean,  between  Now  Zeal.and 
and  New  Caledonia,  in  lat.  29°  S.,  Ion.  168°  10'  E.,  about 
1200  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sydney.  Length,  6  miles  ;  breadth,  4 
miles.  In  its  centre  is  Mount  Pitt.  Tho  island  is  well 
watered  and  fertile;  and  its  climate  is  healthy.  It  was  a 
British  penal  colony  from  1825  to  1845,  and  in  1857  was 
colonized  by  a  party  of  Pitcairn  Islanders.  Pop.  481.  It 
is  nominally  under  the  governor  of  New  South  Wales. 

Norfolk  Plains,  a  district  on  the  N.  coast  of  Tasma- 
nia, bordering  on  Bass's  Strait.  Area,  2250  square  miles. 
Pop.  3638.  Principal  rivers,  the  Mersey,  Rubicon,  West 
River,  and  Liffey.  Principal  towns,  Latour  and  Westbury. 
On  its  coast  are  forts. 

Norfolk  Sound,  on  the  coast  of  Alaska,  is  a  bay  on 
the  W.  side  of  Alexander  Archipelago,  on  which  is  tho 
town  of  Sitka. 

Norge,  a  country  of  Europe.    See  NonwAT. 

Norham,  nor'^m,  or  Centreville,  a  post- village  in 
Northumberland  co.,  Ontario,  on  Salt  Creek,  14  miles  N.  of 
Colborne.     Pop.  200. 

Noria,  no-reo'i,  a  village  of  Peru,  37  miles  by  rail  E. 
of  Iquique. 

Nor'ic  Alps  (L.  Al'pet  Nor'ica),  that  portion  of  the 
great  Alpine  chain  stretching  from  tho  Rhaetian  Alps, 
about  Ion.  12°  15'  E.,  in  an  E.  direction  to  Vienna  and 
Presburg,  and  covering  with  its  ramifications  Styria,  Salz- 
burg, South  Austria,  and  a  part  of  Carinthia,  all  of  which 
provinces  were  comprised  in  the  ancient  Noricum. 

Norimbcrga,  a  city  of  Bavaria.    See  Nuuembero. 

Nor'iand,  or  Nord'land,  a  hamlet  of  Lyon  co.,  Minn., 
on  tho  Winona  <t  St.  Peter  Railroad,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Mar- 
shall. It  has  2  wareliouses  for  grain.  Here  is  Minneota 
Post-OfRoe.     Pop.  of  Norland  township,  208. 

Nor'iand,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Gull  River,  18  miles  N.  of  Fenelon  Falls.     Pop.  100. 

Nor'ma,  a  post-office  of  Webster  co..  Mo. 

Nor'mal,  a  post-village  in  Normal  township,  McLean 
•0.,  HI.,  on  the  Illincis  Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses 


the  Chicago  k  Alton  Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of  Bloominirtoi 
and  124  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chicago.  Here  is  the  IllTno 
State  Normal  University,  organized  in  1857,  the  eUidce  o 
which  cost  about  $200,000.  Normal  contains  4  or  5  churchi 
and  a  soldiers'  orphiins'  home,  and  near  it  are  large  nui 
series.  It  has  manufactures  of  paper,  bricks,  woollen  cood 
Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  2470;  in  1890,  5459. 

Nor'inalville,  a  post-village  of  Cook  oo..  III.,  on  th 
Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Railroad  and  the  Pjtu 
burg.  Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago  Ruilro.id,  6  miles  S.  of  Ch 
cago.  The  village  is  a  part  of  Englewood.  It  hat 
churches,  the  Cook  County  Normal  School,  and  a  munfiu 
tory  of  sewing-machines. 

Nor'man  (or  Norman's)  Island,  one  of  the  VirRi 
Islands,  West  Indies,  E.  of  St.  John.  Lat.  IS"  1»'  N 
Ion.  64°  32'  AV,    On  its  W.  side  is  Man-of-War  Bay. 

Nor'man,  a  township  of  Grundy  co..  III.     Pop.  J64, 

Norman,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  III.,  on  tb 
Chicago  A  Paducah  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Fnirbary. 

Norman,  a  station  in  Carlton  co.,  Minn.,  on  tbeNortt 
ern  Pacific  Railroad,  34  miles  W.  of  Duluih. 

Norman,  a  township  of  Yellow  Medicine  00.,  Mini 
Pop.  123. 

Norman,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caas  co.,  N.D.,  17  mih 
(direct)  S.  by  W.  of  Fargo. 

Norman,  a  post-office  of  Kewaunee  co..  Wis. 

Nor'manby,  a  town  of  England,  in  Yorkshire,  5  mill 
W.N.W.  of  Guisborough.     Pop.  3556. 

Nor'mand,  a  post-office  of  Wright  co.,  Minn. 

Nor'manda,  or  Nor'mandy,  a  post-village  in  Jel 
ferson  township,  Tipton  co.,  Ind.,  8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Tip 
ton,  and  13  or  14  miles  S.  of  Kokomo.  It  bos  levort 
churches  and  3  general  stores. 

Nor'mandaie,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk  co.,  Ontari( 
on  Lake  Erie,  11  miles  S.  of  Simcoe.     Pop.  100. 

Nor'mandy  (Fr.  Aforman(/ie,  noii*mftN»'dce';  "L.  Not 
man'iiia  or  Neut'tria),  an  ancient  province  of  France,  w» 
divided  into  Upper  and  Lower  Normandy,  and  was  bounde 
N.  and  AV.  by  the  English  Channel.  Area,  10,534  squar 
miles.  On  the  decline  of  the  Roman  Empire  it  was  seize 
by  the  Franks,  and  afterwards,  in  tho  ninth  ccnturj 
wrested  from  them  by  the  Normans,  from  whom  it  h« 
derived  its  name,  and  who  made  Rouen  its  capital.  Whe 
William  the  Conqueror  mounted  the  English  throne,  in  1061 
it  was  incorporated  with  the  English  monarchy,  of  which  i 
continued  to  form  an  important  part  till  1204,  when  it  Ws 
united  to  France  by  Philip  Augustus.  It  was  again  take 
by  the  English  in  1419,  and  was  retained  by  them  till  142; 
when  it  was  finally  joined  to  France  under  Charles  VII. 
is  now  divided  into  the  departments  of  Scinc-Infdrienn 
Euro,  Calvados,  Manohe,  and  Orne.  Normandy  occupic 
tho  central  portion  of  the  kingdom  of  Neustiiia  (Fr.  Aeui 
trie,  nnsHree'),  one  of  the  parts  into  which  tho  empire  0 
Charlemagne  was  divided,  and  which  extended  from  th 
mouths  of  the  Rhine  to  the  Bay  of  Biscay.    See  OsTRASii 

Nor'mandy,  a  post-office  of  Ashley  co..  Ark. 

Normandy,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo.,  aboa 
10  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Normandy,  a  post-village  of  Bedford  co.,  Tcnn.,  v 
tho  Nashville,  Chattanooga  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  60  mile 
S.S.E.  of  Nashville.  It  has  a  church,  a  union  Khoo\, 
saw-mill,  and  1  or  2  flour-mills.     Pop.  about  200. 

Normandy,  Ontario.    See  Orchardville. 

Norman  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Bosque  co.,  Tex. 

Norma'nia,  a  township  of  Yellow  Medicine  co.,  Min» 
Pop.  192. 

Nor'man  Isles  comprise  the  Chasnei,  Islands,  Je« 
SEY,  GiTEnssET,  Ac.  (which  see).  They  are  the  sole  per 
tions  of  Normandy  j'ct  remaining  to  England. 

Nor'man's  Kill,  a  creek  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  run 
southeastward,  and  enters  tho  Hudson  River  about  4  milt 
below  Albany  City. 

Norman's  Store,  a  post-office  of  James  co.,  Tcnn 

Norman's  Woe,  a  dangerous  islet  or  reef  on  the  n 
side  of  tho  entrance  to  the  harlwr  of  Gloucester,  Mass. 

Nor'manton,  or  Port  El'gin,  a  post-village  of  On 
tario,  CO.  of  Bruce,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Lake  Huron,  and  0 
the  Wellington,  Grey  A  Bruce  Railway,  5  miles  S.  of  Sau 
gcen,  and  2Si  miles  N.W.  of  AValkerton.  It  contiins  severi 
stores,  hotels,  mills,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Norinanton  1 
a  port  of  entry.     Pop.  750.  ^ 

Nor'man  ToAVn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gilmer  co.,  W.  va 
30  miles  S.E.  of  Cairo.     It  has  a  church. 

Nor'manville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Doniphan  co.,  KftD 
sas,  about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Atchison.     It  has  a  church. 

Nor'oton,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Fairfield  co 
Conn.,  on  tho  New  York,  New  Haven  A  Hartford  Kailroac 


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38  miles  N.E.  of  Now  York  City.    Here  is  Fitch's  Home  for 
Soldiers,  with  a  library,  a  school  for  soldiers'  children,  and 
ft  largo  and  fine  gallery  of  paintings. 
Norovtchat,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Narovchat. 
Noroy-lc-Bour?,  no'rwi'-l^h-boon,  a  town  of  France, 
in  Haute-Saone,  7  miles  B.  of  Vesoul.     Pop.  1195. 

Norrbotteii,noR'bot-t9n,orPiteA,pit'e-o,  thelargest 
md  north-rnmost  \xn  of  Sweden,  bordering  upon  Norway, 
Russia,  and  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia.  Area,  39,791  square  miles, 
[t  includes  a  part  of  Swedish  Lapland.  It  produces  some 
'rain,  timber,  live-stock,  and  iron  ore,  and  the  country 
ibounds  in  lakes  and  rivers,  but  is  very  thinly  settled. 
The  Ion"  Arctic  summer,  when  for  several  weeks  the  sun 
Ices  not  set,  becomes  very  hot  in  some  places,  and  the  win- 
ery are  very  severe ;  but  the  climate  is  healthy.  Capital, 
'itc4.     Pop.  80,655. 

Norrent-Fontes,  non^RftNo'-fiut,  a  village  of  France, 
>as-de-CaIais,  10  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Bethuno.     Pop.  1438. 

Norridgewock,  nor'rij-w6k\  a  post-village  in  Nor- 
Mgewock  township,  Somerset  co..  Me.,  on  the  Kennebec 
fever  and  the  Somerset  Railroad,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Au- 
■ustft.  Norridgewock  has  several  churches  and  a  seminary, 
'op.  546;  of  the  township,  1756. 

Nor'ris,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  oo..  111.,  on  the  Chi- 
iftgo,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Canton. 
It  bos  a  church. 
Norris,  a  station  in  Black  Hawk  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Bur- 
ngton.  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad,  4  miles  N.W. 
f  Cedar  Falls. 

Norris,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  De- 
■oit  <k  Bay  City  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  the  city  hall  of 
tetroit.    It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  steam  saw-mill,  a 
laning-mill,  and  2  churches.     Pop.  about  250. 
Norris,  a  township  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1485. 
Korris  City,  a  post-village  in  Indian  Creek  township, 
fh'ite  CO.,  III.,  on  the  Cairo  &  Vincennes  Railroad  where  it 
•osses  the  Springfield  division  of  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi 
ailroad,  89  miles  N.E.  of  Cairo,  and  25  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Ihawneetown.     It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  tannery,  a  saw-mill, 
iid  several  stores.     Pop.  in  1890,  223. 
Norris  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co.,  Tenn.,  8 
'ilea  N.  of  Faycttoville.     It  contains  2  churches,  the  Oak 
■ill  Institute,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 
Norris  Fork,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co..  Mo.,  on  Big 
eck,  about  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Warrensburg.     It  has  a 
;  urch  and  a  drug-store. 

fNor'ristown,  a  post-hamlct  of  Pope  co..  Ark.,  on  the 
'.  bank  of  the  Arkansas  River,  near  the  Little  Rock  & 
irt  Smith  Railroad,  about  70  miles  W.N.W.  of  Little  Rock. 
Norristown,  a  hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.,  about  16 
lea  N.E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  a  church. 
Norristown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  0.,  in  East 
vnship,  about  14  miles  S.W.  of  New  Lisbon.  It  has  a 
urch, 

Xorristown,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Montgomery 
.,  Pa.,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Schuylkill,  and  on  the  Phil- 
elphia  &  Reading  Railroad  and  the  Schuylkill  Valley 
anch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  16  miles  N.W.  of 
;  iladelphia,  and  41  miles  E.S.E  of  Reading.  It  occupifS 
jelevated  site.  Brick,  marble,  and  stone  are  the  materials 
[ployed  exclusively  in  building.  This  town  is  lighted 
h  electricity.  It  has  a  fine  court-house,  built  of  light- 
iiy  marble  which  was  quarried  in  the  vicinity,  23  churches, 
ubiic  libraries,  3  national  banks,  3  other  banks  or  trust 
iipanies,  3  rolling-mills,  several  cotton-mills,  wooUcn- 
tories,  flour-mills,  foundries,  machine-shops,  nut-,  bolt-, 
■;l  radiator-works,  2  iron-furnaces,  large  steel-works,  3 
i[rt-factories,  3  stocking-factories,  and  manufactures  of 
Ij88,  tacks,  ie.  Three  daily  and  5  weekly  newspapers  are 
lj)lisbed  here.  The  state  hospital  for  the  insane  for  the 
•tern  district  is  located  here.  Two  bridges  across  the  river 
<^nect  Norristown  with  Bridgeport,  the  E.  terminus  of 
].  Chester  Valley  Railroad.  It  is  a  terminus  of  the  Stony 
|ek  Railroad,  and  is  connected  with  Philadelphia  by  the 
j'insylvania  and  Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railroads.  Pop. 
»  870,  10,753;  in  1880,  13,063;  in  1890,  19,791. 
_  for'risville,  a  post-village  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  about 
i  Biles  N.  of  Baltimore. 
forrisville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  about 
Ifnilcs  N.W.  of  Meadville.  It  has  a  church. 
'  orrisville,  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.  See  MacLeran's. 
lor'riton,  township,  Montgomery  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1335. 
or'ritoiiville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa., 
•  at  3  miles  N.  of  Norristown, 

orrkjoping,  nou'cho'ping,  or  NordkOping,  nond'- 
«  pmg,  a  town  and  port  of  Sweden,  laen  of  Linkoping, 
0|tlie  Motala,  here  crossed  by  several  bridges,  near  its 


mouth  in  the  Baltic,  85  miles  S.AV.  of  Stockholm.  It  is  a 
railway  terminus.  It  has  numerous  manufactures  of  brass 
and  hardwares,  linen,  cotton,  and  coarse  woollen  fabrics, 
gloves,  starch,  paper,  leather,  and  sugar,  oil-mills,  ship- 
building docks,  and  a  salmon-fishery.  Its  quay  is  commo- 
dious, and  admits  of  vessels  coming  close  to  it.   Pop.  26,927. 

Norrland,  Norway  and  Iceland.    See  Noudla-vd. 

Norrland  and  Lapland,  a  division  of  Sweden,  com- 
prising the  5  northern  lajns  of  Gefle,  Hernb'sand,  Jemt- 
land,  Westerbotten,  and  Norrbotten.  Area,  100,360  square 
miles.     Pop.  539,745. 

Norrska  Fiellen,  noRs'kl  fyfil'l?n,  or  Norwegian 
(noR-wce'jan)  Range,  a  name  sometimes  employed  by 
geographers  to  designate  the  mass  of  mountains  which, 
commencing  near  the  Dovrefield  Mountains,  occupies  more 
than  three-fourths  of  the  S.  part  of  Norway.  It  includes 
the  ranges  known  by  the  names  of  Langficld,  Sogne-Fjcld, 
Fille-Fjeld,  Byglefield,  and  Yoklefield. 

Norrtleje,  nont'li'yd,  written  also  Nortelje,  a  sea- 
port town  of  Sweden,  laen  and  37  miles  N.E.  of  Stockholm, 
on  the  Baltic.     Pop.  1555. 

Norseland,  norss'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nicollet  co., 
Minn.,  about  10  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Peter.  It  has  1  or  2 
churches. 

Norsk,  a  township  of  Cottonwood  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  76. 

Nort,  noR,  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire- Inf^rieure,  on  the 
Erdre,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Nantes.     Pop.  2250. 

North,  a  township  of  Stanislaus  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  223. 

North,  a  township  of  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  on  Lake  Michi- 
gan. Pop.  1593.  It  contains  Toleston,  Gibson's  Station, 
Clarke  Station,  &o. 

North,  a  township  of  Marshall  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1484. 

North,  a  township  of  Labette  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  511, 
exclusive  of  Parsons. 

North,  a  township  of  Dade  oo..  Mo.     Pop.  725. 

North,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  0.  Pop.  1202.  It 
contains  Mastersville. 

North  Ab'ington,  a  post-village  of  Plymouth  co., 
Mass.,  in  Abington  township,  on  the  Plymouth  Branch  of 
the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Hanover 
Branch  Railroad,  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  manufactory  of  boots  and  shoes. 

North  Ac'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co.,  Me.,  in 
Acton  township,  on  a  small  lake,  about  40  miles  AV.  of 
Portland. 

North  Acton,  a  station  in  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on 
the  Nashua,  Acton  &  Boston  Railroad,  6i  miles  N.W.  of 
Concord. 

North  Ad'ams,  a  post- village  in  North  Adams  town- 
ship, Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Hoosao  River,  near  the 
W.  end  of  the  great  Iloosac  Tunnel,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Pittsfield.  and  about  36  miles  E.  of  Albany,  N.Y.  It  is 
5  miles  N.E.  of  Greylock,  the  highest  mountain  in  the 
state,  and  is  surrounded  by  high  hills  and  beautiful  scenery. 
It  contains  a  national  bank,  2  savings-banks,  a  first- 
class  hotel,  a  fine  high  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  7 
churches.  Here  are  important  manufactures  of  cotton  and 
woollen  goods,  boots,  shoes,  and  other  articles.  The  town- 
ship has  11  cotton-mills  and  6  woollen-mills,  and  the  annual 
value  of  the  products  manufactured  here  is  about  $7,000,000. 
The  Iloosac  Tunnel,  perforated  through  the  Hoosao  Moun- 
tain, is  nearly  5  miles  long,  and  is  part  of  a  railroad  con- 
necting Boston  with  Troy  and  Albany.  North  Adams  is  on 
the  Troy  &  Boston  Railroad,  at  the  N.  terminus  of  the 
Pittsfield  &  North  Adams  Railroad.     Pop.  in  1890, 16,074. 

North  Adams,  a  post-village  of  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich., 
in  Adams  township,  on  the  Detroit  Hillsdale  &  Indiana 
Railroad,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Hillsdale.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
graded  school,  and  a  lumber-mill.  It  is  sometimes  called 
Cutler's  Corners.     Pop.  in  1890,  504. 

Nortbal'lerton,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  and  30 
miles  N.N.W,  of  York,  West  Riding.  It  stands  in  the 
beautiful  vale  of  the  Wiske.  It  sends  one  member  to  the 
House  of  Commons.  In  the  vicinity  is  "  Standard  Hill," 
so  called  from  the  famous  "battle  of  the  Standard,"  in 
which  the  English  defeated  the  Scotch  in  1138. 

North  AI'mond,  a  hamlet  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  6 
miles  N.  of  Almond  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

North  Alton,  awrt(?n,  or  IJnck^inn',  a  post-village 
of  Madison  co..  III.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the 
Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  2  miles  N.AV.  of  Alton.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  high  school,  2  distilleries,  a  brewery,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  new  town  hall.  Coal  is  mined  in  its  vicinity. 
Pop.  in  1890,  10,294.     Post-office,  North  Alton. 

Nor'tham,  a  town  of  England,  in  Devon,  2  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Bideford.     Pop.  of  parish,  4330. 

North  America.    See  Auerica. 


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North  Amherst,  am'^nt,  a  post-village  in  Amherst 
towiiihip,  ilampshire  oo.,  Mass.,  about  22  miles  N.  of 
Snringtioid.  ltd  post-oOice  is  1  mile  from  the  New  London 
>lorthern  Railroad.  It  has  2  ohurohos,  a  grist-mill,  several 
taw-mills,  and  manufaoturea  of  leather-board,  straw-board, 
wmpping-p&per,  sash,  Ac. 

North  Amherst,  a  post-village  in  Amherst  township, 
Lorain  co.,  0.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  <fc  Michigan  Southern 
Kailroad,  30  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Cleveland,  and  28  miles  E. 
of  Sandusky.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office, 
a  union  school,  2  flour-mills,  a  machine-shop,  a  foundry, 
mnnufivctures  of  grindstones,  Ao.     Pop.  in  1890,  1648. 

Northamp'ton,  or  Northamptonshire,  north- 
am|>'t9n-shir,  a  central  county  of  England.  Area,  985  square 
miles.  The  surface  ia  finely  diversified  with  gentle  hills 
and  vales,  richly  wooded,  and  adorned  with  an  unusual 
number  of  mansions  and  parks.  Principal  rivers,  the 
Nene,  Welland,  and  Ouae.  Wheat  and  beans  are  the  prin- 
cipal crops,  but  the  breeding  of  heavy  black  horses,  short- 
horned  cattle,  and  sheep,  and  the  feeding  of  cattle,  form, 
with  the  dairy,  the  chief  objects  of  husbandry.  Important 
canals  and  railways  traverse  the  county.  Chief  towns, 
Northampton,  Peterborough,  Higham-Ferrers,  Brackley, 
and  Wellingborough.  It  sends  four  members  to  the  House 
of  Commons  for  the  county,  besides  four  for  its  boroughs. 
Pop.  in  1891,  302,184. 

Northampton,  a  borough  of  England,  capital  of  the 
above  county,  on  a  slope  rising  from  the  left  bank  of  the 
Nene,  and  on  a  branch  canal  connecting  the  Nene  with  the 
Grand  Junction  Canal,  at  a  railway  junction,  60  miles  N.W. 
of  London.  It  is  built  of  a  reddish  stone  obtained  in  the 
vicinity,  and  has  four  principal  streets,  meeting  in  a  market- 
place, one  of  the  finest  in  England.  It  is  the  seat  of  a 
Iloman  Catholic  bishop,  and  its  ecclesiastical  edifices  in- 
clude 8  churches  of  the  Establishment,  and  numerous 
chapels.  The  principal  literary  and  educational  institu- 
tions are  the  free  grammar-school,  blue-coat,  national, 
British,  and  other  schools  ;  the  mechanics'  institute,  which 
possesses  a  library;  the  Ilcligious  and  Useful  Knowledge 
Society,  with  a  library;  an  athenaium,  an  archaeological 
society,  and  an  architectural  society.  The  benevolent  in- 
stitutions include,  in  addition  to  the  infirmary,  a  general 
and  lunatic  asylum,  the  Royal  Victoria  Dispensary,  St. 
John's  and  Thomas-u-Bccket  hospitals,  &o. 

The  staple  manufacture  is  boots  and  shoes,  which  are 
made  very  extensively  for  the  supply  of  the  army  and  of 
the  London  and  other  markets,  and  also  for  export.  The 
currying  of  leather  is  carried  on  upon  a  large  scale.  The 
borough  has  also  iron-  and  brass-foundries,  breweries,  and 
paper-  and  corn-mills.  Hosiery-  and  lace-making,  once 
important  branches  of  industry,  have  declined.  North- 
ampton has  several  banks  and  newspapers,  barracks,  corn 
exchange,  vestiges  of  a  castle  built  at  the  Conquest,  and, 
about  half  a  mile  S.  of  the  town,  one  of  the  most  perfect 
of  the  funeral  crosses  erected  by  Edward  I.  in  honor  of  his 
queen.  It  is  the  principal  place  of  election  for  the  county, 
and  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons.  In 
1400  the  Earl  of  Warwick  gained  here  a  great  victory  over 
the  Lancastrians  in  the  meadows  on  the  Nene,  immediately 
S.  of  the  town.     Pop.  in  1881,  61,881 ;  in  1891,  61,016. 

Northampton,  a  county  of  North  Carolina,  bordering 
on  Virginia,  has  an  area  of  about  668  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Roanoke  River,  and  is  also 
drained  by  the  Meherrin  River.  The  surface  is  undulating 
or  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests,  from 
which  much  lumber  is  obtained.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton, 
Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  This  county  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Seaboard  &  Roanoke  Railroad,  the  French 
Broad  Valley  Railroad,  and  the  Petersburg  Railroad.  Cap- 
ital, Jackson.  Pop.  in  1870,  14,749;  in  1880,  20,032;  in 
1890,  21,242. 

Northampton,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, bordering  on  New  Jersey,  has  an  area  of  about  380 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Delaware 
River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Lehigh  River,  which  also 
intersects  the  S.  part.  The  Kittatinny  or  Blue  Mountain 
extends  along  the  N.W.  border.  The  central  part  of  the 
county  is  a  wide  and  fertile  valley,  the  surface  of  which  is 
nearly  level.  AVheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and  butter 
are  the  staple  agricultural  products.  Pig-iron  and  slate  are 
among  the  chief  articles  of  export.  Potsdam  sandstone  is 
found  in  the  South  Mountain,  in  this  county,  which  has 
also  rich  mines  of  zinc  and  iron  ore  and  quarries  of  good 
limestone  and  slate.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Delaware,  Lackawanna  <fc  Western  Railroad,  the  Central  of 
New  Jersey  Railroad,  the  Bangor  &  Portland  Railroad,  and 
the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad.    The  Philadelphia  A  Reading 


Railroad  connects  it  with  Philadelphia.    Capital  Easton 
Pop.  in  1870,  6I,4:J2;  in  1880,  70,;{12;  in  1890.  S4,220. 

Northampton,  a  southeastern  county  uf  Virginii 
Area,  290  square  miles.  It  is  the  S.  part  uf  a  poDiDsuL 
which  is  bounded  on  the  B.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean  and  oi 
the  W.  by  Chesapeake  Bay.  Cape  Charles  is  the  8.  ei 
tremity  of  this  county,  which  is  about  32  miles  long  an' 
at  sonie  places  le!<s  than  6  miles  wide.  The  surfiiue  is  nearl 
level,  and  is  partly  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  i«  sandj 
Maize,  oats,  and  sweet  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  I 
is  traversed  by  the  New  York,  Philadelphia  A  Norfol 
Railroad.  Capital,  Eastville.  Pop.  in  1870,  8U46:  in  I8!i( 
9152;  in  1890,  10,313. 

Northampton,  a  hamlet  of  Peoria  co,.  III.,  about  1 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Peoria.     It  has  2  churches. 

Northampton,  a  beautiful  post-village,  capital  o 
Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  nearly  1^  miles  W.  of  the  Connect! 
cut  River,  17  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Springfield,  and  19  mik 
S.  of  Greenfield.  It  is  delightfully  situated  on  a  fcrtil 
intervale  which  is  partly  enclosed  by  high  hills,  and  is 
miles  N.W.  of  Mount  Holyoke.  Here  are  the  state  lunnti 
asylum,  which  will  accommodate  600  patients,  and  th 
Clarke  Institution  for  Mutes,  which  has  an  endowmeot  o 
$500,000.  Northampton  contains  many  fine  residences,  1 
churches,  3  public  libraries,  3  national  banks,  3  savingi 
banks,  and  3  newspaper  offices.  Northampton  is  the  ail 
of  Smith  College,  the  largest  and  highest  seat  of  lenrr 
ing  for  women  in  the  United  States,  having  requiremeni 
similar  to  Harvard  University.  It  has  650  students.  Tb 
city  is  noted  for  its  charitable  endowments,  over  $A,000,OU 
being  held  in  truet  for  charities,  among  which  may  I 
mentioned  the  endowment  for  indentured  boys  and  girl 
$1,500,000;  for  an  agricultural  school,  $300,000;  for 
public  libraries,  $800,000;  for  a  school  for  deaf  mute 
$500,000;  for  Smith  College,  $400,000;  for  a  free  kinde; 
garten  school,  $400,000;  for  an  art  gallery,  $40,000;  for 
public  hospital,  $150,000  ;  for  an  academy  of  music,  $100 
000;  for  a  high  school,  $10,000;  for  general  relief  of  tl 
poor,  $100,000 ;  and  for  a  public  library  in  a  suburbs 
village,  $100,000.  It  has  manufactures  of  silk  threai 
braid,  and  fabrics,  fine  table  cutlery,  baskets,  hardware,  oi 
stoves,  skates,  tooth-  and  hair-brushes,  sewing-machine 
and  emery-wheels.  Horse-cars  run  between  Nortbampto 
and  Florence.  Pop.  of  the  township  in  1860,  6788; 
1870,  10,160;  in  1880,  12,172;  in  1S90,  14,990. 

Northampton,  a  hamlet  of  Saginaw  co,,  Mich.,  on  tl 
Shiawassee  River,  about  20  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Saginaw. 

Northampton,  a  post-village  in  Northampton  towi 
ship,  Fulton  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Sacondaga  River,  18  miles  I 
of  Amsterdam,  and  about  44  miles  N.N.W.  of  Albany, 
has  3  churches.  The  township  contains  a  larger  villag 
named  Northville.  Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  199 
Northampton  Village  is  familiarly  called  Fish  House. 

Northampton,  township,  Bucks  co..  Pa.     Pop.  204 

Northamptonshire,  England.    See  Northamptos 

North  An'dover,  a  post-village  in  North  Andori 
township,  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Boston 
Maine  Railroad,  about  24  miles  N.  of  Boston.  It  has 
high  school  and  a  church.  The  township  is  bounded  on  tl 
N.W.  by  the  Merrimao  River,  and  has  manufactures  ( 
flannel,  woollen  goods,  machinery,  <fcc.  Pop.  of  the  towi 
ship,  3742.     It  contains  also  North  Andover  Depot. 

North  Andover,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co..  Wis., 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Guttenberg,  Iowa.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

North  Andover  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Essex  « 
Mass.,  in  North  Andover  township,  on  the  MerrimacRivt 
and  on  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  tl 
Western  division  with  the  Lawrence  Branch,  28  miles  I 
rail  N.  of  Boston,  and  1  mile  E.  of  Lawrence.  It  bai 
churches,  a  money-order  post-office,  a  public  library,  2  woe 
len-factories,  and  a  large  machine-shop.  It  is  connect' 
with  Lawrence  and  Methuen  by  an  electric  railway.  It 
sometimes  called  Sutton's  Mills. 

North  An'na,  a  small  river  of  Virginia,  drains  mj 
of  Orange  co.,  runs  southeastward,  and  forms  the  bounds 
between  the  cos.  of  Louisa  and  Hanover  on  the  right  a, 
Spottsylvania  and  Caroline  on  the  left.  It  unites  with  f 
South  Anna  about  18  miles  N.  of  Richmond  to  form  t 
Pamunkey  River. 

North  Ann'ville,  a  township  of  Lebanon  co.,  i 
Pop.  1910.  , 

North  An'son,  a  post-village  in  Anson  townsn 
Somerset  co.,  Me.,  on  the  Kennebec  River,  and  on  t 
Somerset  Railroad,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Norridgewock,  a 
about  42  miles  N.  of  Augusta.  It  contains  2  churches, 
academy,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  savings-bank,  and  l 
manufactures  of  bricks,  carriages,  Ac. 


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North  Ap'pleton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co.,  Me.,  in 
ppleton  township,  about  30  miles  E.  of  Augusta.     It  hua 

church.  ,       „      ^r 

1  North  Aracan,  Burmah.  See  Northern  Aracan. 
^  North  Ar'cot,  a  district  of  India,  Madras  presidency, 
jiving  Nelloro  and  Cuddapah  district  on  the  N.W.  and  N., 
iiingleput  on  the  E.,  South  Arcot  and  Salem  on  the  S.,  and 
;ygoro  on  the  W.  Area,  15,146  square  miles.  It  is  flat, 
Iccpt  in  the  W.,  and  is  traversed  by  the  river  Palaur. 
Ipital,  Chittoor.    Pop.  2,007,667. 

North  Argyle,  ar-ghil',  a  post-hamlet  in  Argyle  town- 
ip,  AVashington  co.,  N.Y.,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Whitehall, 
d  6  miles  E.  of  Fort  Edward.  It  has  a  church. 
North  Ashburnham,  Mass.  See  Buruageville. 
North  Ash'ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windham  co..  Conn., 
( Ashford  township,  about  33  miles  E.N.E.  of  Hartford, 
jbas  a  church. 

North  Attleborough,  at't^l-bur-riih,  a  post-town  of 
listol  CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Attleborough  Branch  Railroad, 
jiich  connects  with  the  Boston  &  Providence  Railroad, 
but  32  miles  S.S.W.  of  Boston,  and  14  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
evidence.  It  has  a  bank,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper 
ce,  4  churches,  and  manufactures  of  jewelry.  Pop.  in 
BO,  6727. 

North  Auburn,  aw'bQrn,  a  post-village  in  Auburn 
nship,  Androscoggin  co.,  Me.,  40  miles  N.  of  Portland, 
|i  6  miles  N.  of  Auburn  City.     It  has  2  churches. 
Korth  Augusta,  aw-gus'ta,  a  post-village  in  Gren- 
|le  CO.,  Ontario,  on  a  branch  of  the  Rideau  River,  20  miles 
of  Fairfield  East.     It  contains  4  stores,  a  hotel,  a  tan- 
,  and  carding-,  saw-,  and  grist-mills.     Pop.  400. 
orth  Aurora,  aw-ro'ra,  a  post-hamlet   in   Aurora 
jj-nship,  Kano  co..  111.,  on  Fox  River,  and  on  the  railroad 
Iwcen  Aurora  and  Geneva,  3i  miles  N.  of  Aurora.     It 
I  a  flouring-mill,  a  cheese-factory,  a  foundry,  and  a 
SDufactory  of  sash  and  blinds. 

forth  Australia,  aws-tra'le-a,  that  part  of  Australia 
ig  N.  of  lat.  26°  S.  and  E.  of  Ion.  129°  E.,  having  N. 
Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  and  W.  the  Gulfs  of  Van  Diemcn 
Cambridge.     This  vast  region  has  few  settlements.     It 
ilttached  for  government  purposes  to  South  Australia. 
'orth  Uald'win,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co.,  Me., 
nilcs  W.N.W.  of  Portland, 
orth  U.al'lard,  a  post-office  of  Ballard  co.,  Ky. 
orth   Baltimore,  baw!'t?-mor,  a   post-village  in 
I  iry  township,  Wood  co.,  0.,  on  the  Baltimore  <fe  Ohio 
i  Iroad,  38  miles  E.  of  Defiance.     It  has  2  churches,  a 
» ispaper-office,  a  money-order  post-office,  4  saw-mills,  Ac. 
I|.  in  1890,  2S57.     The  station  is  called  New  Baltimore. 
.  lOrth  Ban'gor,  a  post-office  in  Bangor  township, 
I  obscot  CO.,  Me. 

torth  Bangor,  a  post-village  in  Bangor  township, 
riiklin  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Ogdensburg  &  Lake  Champlain 
B|road,  6  miles  AV.  of  Malone. 

orth  Barnstead,  bam'sted,  a  post-office  of  Belknap 
cCjN.H.,  about  20  miles  N.B.  of  Concord.  Here  is  a 
cl;ch. 

lOrth  Barrington,  bcar'ing-tpn,  a  post-village  of 
Sflord  CO.,  N.H.,  in  Barrington  township,  about  10  miles 
N!.  of  Dover.     '    "  "        " 

Bamill. 


It  has  a  church,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a 


.irth  Bar'ton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Barton  township, 
T\x  CO.,  N.Y.,  about  18  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Elmira. 

i)rth  Bata'via,  a  post-hamlet  of  Branch  co.,  Mich., 
5  ;les  S.  of  Union  City.     It  has  a  church. 

;)rth  Bay,  a  post-village  in  Vienna  township,  Oneida 
co:^.Y.,  on  the  N.E.  shore  of  Oneida  Lake,  and  on  the 
08;;;o  Midland  Railroad,  48  miles  E.S.E.  of  Oswego,  and 
14iiilc8  W.  of  Rome.  It  has  3  churches,  2  potteries,  2 
ntnills,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  sash-factory.     Pop.  348. 

,>rth  Beaver,  bee'v^r,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co., 
f»im  the  Ohio  line.     Pop.  1983. 

.irth  Becket,  Massachusetts.    See  Becket. 

j'rth  Belgrade',  a  post-village  in  Belgrade  town- 
•a>i  Kennebec  co..  Me.,  on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad, 
I'Jilcs  S.W.  of  Waterville,  and  about  15  miles  N.  of 

I  sta. 
rth  Bel'lingham,  a  post-village  in  Bellingham 
''Hjhip,  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  on  Charles  River,  and  on  the 
^ftYork  <fe  New  England  Railroad,  29   miles  S.W.  of 
■''*  a.    It  has  a  church  and  a  woollen-factory. 

,  rth  Bend,  a  township  of  Starke  CO.,  Ind.  Pop.  505. 
PI  •  i-  '^^"d,  a  post-village  of  Dodge  co.,  Neb.,  on  the 
^l»i' River  and  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  62  miles  W. 
J  jof  Omaha.  It  has  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  2  churches, 
»n;8paper  office,  &c.     Pop.  in  1890,  897. 

i  rth  Bend,  a  post- village  of  Hamilton  co.,  O.,on  the 
127 


Ohio  River,  and  on  the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  <t  Lafayette 
Railroad  and  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  latter  with  the  Cincinnati  <t  Whitewater  Valley 
Railroad,  IB  miles  below  Cincinnati.  Here  is  the  former 
residence  of  General  William  H.  Harrison. 

North  Bend,  a  hamlet  of  Coos  co.,  Oregon,  on  Cooi 
River  or  bay,  60  miles  W.  of  Roseburg.  It  has  a  saw-mill 
and  a  ship-yard. 

North  Bend,  a  post- village  in  Melrose  township,  Jack- 
son CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Black  River,  about  22  miles  N.  by  E. 
of  La  Crosse.     It  has  2  churches. 

North  Ben'nington,  a  post-village  in  Bennington 
township,  Bennington  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Walloomsao  River, 
and  on  the  Harlem  Extension  Railroad,  51  miles  S.  by  M'. 
of  Rutland,  and  4  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bennington.  It  has  a 
bank,  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of 
cotton  print  cloths,  paper,  boots,  and  shoes. 

North  Ben'son,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Ky.,  on 
a  railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  Frankfort. 

North  Ben'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mahoning  co.,  C,  4 
miles  N.  of  Beloit  Station,  and  about  24  miles  N.E.  of  Can- 
ton.    It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  138. 

North  Bergen,  ber'gh^n,  a  township  of  Hudson  co., 
N.J.     Pop.  3032. 

North  Bergen,  a  post  hamlet  in  Bergen  township, 
Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  about  20  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Rochester. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  bce-hivcs. 

North  Berne,  b§rn,  a  post-office  of  Fairfield  co.,  0., 
about  32  miles  E.S.E.  of  Columbus. 

North  Ber'wick,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Haddington,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Firth  of  Forth,  19  miles 
by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Edinburgh.  It  has  an  active  trade,  and 
is  frequented  as  a  bathing-place.     Pop.  1399. 

North  Ber'wick,  a  post-village  in  North  Berwi.5k 
township,  York  co..  Me.,  on  the  Boston  &  Maine  and 
Portsmouth,  Saco  <t  Portland  Railroads,  38  miles  S.W.  of 
Portland,  and  17  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Portsmouth,  It  has 
a  national  bank,  a  graded  school,  3  churches,  a  woollen- 
factory,  a  plough-factory,  <to.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1623. 

North  Beth'el,  a  hamlet  of  Oxford  co..  Me.,  in  Bethel 
township,  about  40  miles  N.AV.  of  Lewiston. 

Nortn  Beveland,  Netherlands.    See  Bevelaxd. 

North  Bev'erly,  a  post-hamlet  in  Beverly  township, 
Essex  CO.,  Mass.,  near  North  Beverly  Station  of  the  Eastern 
Railroad,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Boston. 

North  Billerica,  bil'l^r-ik-a,  a  post-village  in  Bil- 
lerica  township,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Concord 
River,  and  on  the  Boston,  Lowell  <fc  Nashua  Railroad,  at 
the  terminus  of  the  Bedford  A  Billerica  Railroad,  22  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Boston.  It  has  2  woollen-mills,  which  manu- 
facture flannel,  also  2  churches  and  3  schools. 

North  Bing'ham,  a  post-office  of  Potter  co..  Pa. 

North  Black  River.    See  Black  River. 

North  Blan'ford,  a  post-village  in  Blanford  town- 
ship, Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  about  22  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Springfield.     It  has  a  church  and  a  basket-manufactory 

North  Blenheim,  blen'him,  a  post-village  in  Blen 
heim  township,  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Schoharie  Creek, 
12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Middleburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

North  Bloom'field,  a  post-village  of  Nevada  co., 
Cal.,  near  the  South  Yuba  River,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Nevadd 
City.     Gold  is  found  here. 

North  Bloomfield,  a  post-village  in  AVcst  Bloorafield 
township,  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Honeoye  Creek,  and  on  tho 
New  York  Central  Railroad,  about  18  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Rochester.  It  has  a  church,  2  saw-mills,  a  machine-shop, 
1  or  2  grist-mills,  <tc. 

North  Bloomfield,  a  township  of  Morrow  co.,  0. 
Pop.  1194.     It  contains  Blooming  Grove. 

North  Bloomfield,  a  post-village  in  Bloomfield 
township,  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ashtabula,  Youngstown 
&  Pittsburg  Railroad,  16  miles  N.  of  Warren.  It  has  an 
academy,  a  cheese-factory,  &c. 

North  Blue  Hill,  a  post-office  in  Blue  Hill  township, 
Hancock  co..  Me.,  about  28  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bangor. 

North  Bolton,  bol'tpn,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co., 
N.Y.,  near  Lake  George,  about  70  miles  N.  of  Albany. 

North  Booth'bay,  a  post-village  in  Boothbay  town- 
ship, Lincoln  co..  Me.,  about  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bath,  and 
5  miles  from  the  ocean.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  high 
school.     It  is  2  miles  from  a  steamboat-landing. 

Northborough,  north'bur-ruh,  a  post- village  in  North- 
borough  township,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston, 
Clinton  <fc  Fitchburg  Railroad,  36  miles  W.  of  Boston.  It 
has  a  free  library,  a  high  school,  a  national  bank,  3  churchca, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  horn  combs,  shell 
jewelry,  &o.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1952. 


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North  Doscawcn,  bosk'troin,  a  po«t-haiuIet  of  Mor- 
riuiMk  Wt  ^•^•>  o"  ^'"^  Morriinao  liivor,  and  on  the  North- 
•rnHailroad,  U  milca  N.  by  W.  of  Concord.  Uoro  is  the 
oountj  noor-huuae  and  farm. 

North  Uusque  (bosk)  Creek,  Toxaa,  enters  the  Dra- 
BOS  Rivor  from  the  N.W.,  in  MoLonnan  co. 

North  Uos'tuO)  a  poat-villngo  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
fioston  township,  4  milos  S.K.  of  Hamburg  StiUiun,  and 
aboat  16  milen  S.  by  E.  of  Buffalo.  It  bos  a  oburoh,  a 
cheese-factory,  and  a  pump-fuctory. 

North  lirabant,  bri-biut'  (Dutch,  Noord  Drahand, 
nOiit  br4-bAnt'),  a  province  in  the  S.  of  the  Netherlands, 
situated  between  lat.  51°  13'  and  51°  60'  N.  and  Ion.  4°  12' 
and  5°  58'  E.,  bounded  N.  by  the  Mouse,  Ilollands-Diep, 
and  Oeldorland,  W.  by  Zcoland,  S.  by  Uclfjium,  and  E.  by 
Limburg.  Capital,  Bois-Ie-Duo.  Area,  lUSS  square  milos. 
Pop.  462,966.  The  chief  rivers  are  the  Mouse,  Dommel, 
An,  Donge,  and  Dintel.  The  country  is  flat,  and  in  some 
places  marshy.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  wood  rare.  The 
rearing  of  cattle  and  sheep  is  the  principal  rural  industry. 

North  Brad'ford,  a  post-village  in  Bradford  township, 
Penobscot  co.,  Mo.,  about  26  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bangor.  It 
has  a  barrel- factory. 

North  BradMcy,a  post-hamlet  of  Midland  co.,  Mich., 
in  Geneva  township,  on  the  Flint  &  Pore  Marquette  Rail- 
road, 33  miles  N.W.  of  East  Saginaw.  It  bis  a  church 
and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  about  200. 

North  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Calaveras  co.,  Cal. 

North  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Guthrie  co.,  Iowa. 

North  Branch,  a  post-ofBce  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas. 

North  Branch,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Patapsco  River,  24  miles  from  Owing's  Mills  Station, 
and  about  18  miles  N.W.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  a  church, 
a  woollen -factory,  and  a  flour-mill. 

North  Branch,  a  station  of  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio 
Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Cumberland,  Md. 

North  Branch,  a  post-township  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich. 
Pop.  937.     North  Branch  Post-Offico  is  at  Beechville. 

North  Branch,  a  post-township  of  Isanti  co.,  Minn., 
about  40  miles  N.  of  St.  Paul.  Pop.  681.  North  Branch 
Station,  in  Chisago  co.,  is  near  its  border. 

North  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Otoe  co..  Neb. 

North  Branch,  a  post-hamlet  in  Antrim  township, 
Hillsborough  co.,  N.H.,  about  25  miles  W.S.W.  of  Concord. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

North  Branch,  a  post- village  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  North  Branch  of  the  Raritan  River,  about  18  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Morristown.  It  is  1  mile  from  North  Branch 
Depot,  which  is  on  the  Central  Railroad,  4J  miles  AV.  of 
Somerville.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

North  Branch,  a  post-village  of  Callicoon  township, 
Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  about  22  miles  N.AV.  of  Montioollo.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

North  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Susquehanna  co..  Pa. 

North  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Grayson  co.,  Va. 

North  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co..  Wis. 

North  Branch  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  28i  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Elizabeth. 

North  Branch  of  Elkhorn  River,  Nebraska,  runs 
through  Pierce  co.  in  a  S.S.E.  direction,  and  enters  the  Elk- 
horn  River  in  Madison  co.     It  is  about  75  miles  long. 

North  Branch  of  Susquehanna.     See  Susque- 

BAXNA  RlVEU. 

North  Branch  Station,  a  post-village  in  Branch 
township,  Chisago  co.,  Minn.,  on  tie  Lake  Superior  A 
Mississippi  Railroad,  42  miles  N.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  a 
steam  grist-mill. 

North  Bran'ford,  a  post-hamlet  in  North  Branford 
township,  New  Haven  co..  Conn.,  9  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Now 
Uaven.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1035. 

North'bridge,  a  post-village  in  Northbridge  town- 
ship, AVorcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  Blackstone  River,  and  on  the 
Providence  A  Worcester  Railroad,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Wor- 
cester. It  has  a  bank,  a  high  school,  and  5  churches.  The 
township  has  manufactures  of  shirtings,  cotton  prints,  and 
machinery,  also  a  quarry  of  granite.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship in  1880,4053;  in  1890,  4603.  It  contiiins  villages 
named  Rockdale,  Northbridge  Centre,  and  Whitinsville. 

Northbridge  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Northbridge 
township,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  2  miles  from  the  Worcester 
A  Providence  Railroad,  and  about  36  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bos- 
ton.    It  has  a  church  and  manufactures  of  boots  and  shoes. 

North  Bridgeton,  brij't9n.  a  post-village  in  Bridge- 
ton  township,  Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  on  Long  Lake,  about 
42  miles  N.N.W.  of  Portland.  It  has  a  church  and  an 
Kademy.    Steamboats  navigate  the  lake. 


North  Bridgcwater,  Massachusett*.    See  BnocKTo 

North  Bridi^cwater,  a  post-humlct  in  Bridgewat 
township,  Onoichi  co.,  N.Y.,  2  miles  from  lUchlicld  Jun 
tion,  which  is  14  miles  8.  of  Utica.   It  has  a  cheese-factor 

North  Brighton,  bri't^n,  a  posi-offico  of  Sufl'ulk  oi 
Mass.,  about  5  miles  W.  of  Boston.  North  Brighton  ii 
part  of  the  25th  ward  of  Boston,  and  its  jwst-oflioe  U 
branch  of  the  Boston  |>06t-oflice. 

North  Bris'tol,  a  post-village  in  Bristol  townthi 
Trumbull  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ashtabula,  Young»town  A  I'iu 
burg  Railroad,  28  miles  N.N.W.  of  Youngstown. 

North  Bristol,  a  post-uOico  of  Dune  co..  Wis. 

North  Broadal'bin,  a  post-hamlct  in  Uroadalb 
township,  Fulton  co.,  N.Y.,  aboui42  milos  N.W.of  Albsn 
It  has  a  church,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

North  Brook,  a  post-uffice  of  Lincoln  co.,  N.C.  1 
of  North  Brook  townsuip,  625. 

North  Brook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co..  Pa 
the  Wilmington  A  Reading  Railroad,  23  milos  N.^\ . 
Wilmington,  Del. 

North  Brook'field,  a  post-village  in  North  Bi 
field  township,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  about  15  miles  W, 
Worcester,  and  3  miles  N.  of  the  Boston  A  Albany  lU 
road.     It  contains  4  churches,  a  public  library,  a  savinf 
Dank,  and  a  shoo-miinufactory.     Pop.  of  the  tuvrnsliiii 
1880,  4459;  in  1890,  3871.     A  railroad  connects  this  pla 
with  East  Brook  field  on  the  Boston  A  All)iiny  Kiiilruail. 

North  Brookfield,  a  post-village  in  lirouktield  tuv 
ship,  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  in  a  valley  on  the  Utica,  Chenan 
A  Susquehanna  Valley  Railroad,  27  miles  S.S.W.  of  Uti 
It  has  2  churches,  a  hotel,  a  cheese-factory,  and  3  luan 
factories  of  wagons,  for  which  this  place  is  noted.    1'. 

North  Brook'field,  a  post-settlement  in  Queens  c 
Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Port  Medway  River,  25  miles  fri 
Bridgewater.     Pop.  130. 

North  Brook'lin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co.,  M 
on  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  about  25  milos  E.S.E.  of  Belfa-^i. 
has  2  stores. 

North  Brooks'ville,  a  post-office  of  Hancock 
Mo.,  about  32  miles  S.  of  Bangor. 

North  Bruns'wick,  a  township  of  Middlesex  co.,  N 
Pop.  1124.  I 

North  Buck'field,  a  post-hamlet  in  Buckfield  tofl 
ship,  Oxford  co..  Me.,  about  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lewist 

North  Bucks'port,  a  post-village  in  Bucksport  to» 
ship,  Hancock  co..  Me.,  about  9  miles  S.  of  Bangor.  It  I 
a  lumber-mill. 

North  Buena  Vista,  bu'na  vis'ta,  a  post-haralet 
Buena  Vista  township,  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Mississi) 
River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Dubuque  A  MinnesoUv  Raiiro 
24  miles  N.W.  of  Dubuque.  It  has  manufactures  of  ( 
bricks.     Lead  is  found  hero. 

North  Burfalo,  a  post-hamlct  in  North  Buffalo  to» 
ship,  Armstrong  co..  Pa.,  1  mile  from  Rosston  Railn 
Station,  and  about  32  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  ha 
church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  The  township 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Alleghany  River.     Pop.  1057. 

North  Burke,  a  hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  N.Y.,  i 
Burke  township,  7  miles  N.  of  Burke  Station.  It  ha  I 
churches  and  a  starch-factory. 

North  Burns,  a  post-office  of  Huron  co.,  Mich.,  ab  . 
40  miles  N.E.  of  Vassar. 

North  Bux'ton,  a  hamlet  in  Buxton  township,  Yit 
CO.,  Me.,  about  16  miles  W.  of  Portland.     It  has  a  chnr. 

North  By'ron,  a  post-hamlet  in  Byron  township,  K  t 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan  Southern  Ki- 
road  (Kalamazoo  division),  10  miles  S.  of  Grand  Kapi. 
It  has  a  church. 

North  Ca'iro,  a  township  of  Alexander  co.,  III.  P.  • 

North  Cambridge,  kam'brlj,  a  former  post-villi 
in  Cambridge  township,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  about  5  ml 
N.W.  of  Boston.     It  is  now  a  part  of  the  city  of  Cnmbrnl. 

North  Cambridge,  a  post-office  of  Lamoille  co.,  , 
about  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Burlington. 

North  Cam'eron,  a  post-office  of  Steuben  co.,  >  , 
6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bate. 

North  Canaan,  ku'niin,  a  township  of  LitchSeM  . 
Conn.,  contains  Canaan  Village,  and  has  beds  of  iron  • 
Pop.  1695.  ... 

North  Canara,  kin'i-r4,  the  southernmost  distrr 
the  Bombay  presidency,  bounded   W.  by  the  **•''•  J^i' 
4235  square  miles.     Capital,  Honawar.     Pop.  398,406.  [ 

North  Can'dor,  a  post-office  of  Tioga  co.,  N.i.,on|? 
Utica,  Ithaca  A  Elmira  Railroad,  16  miles  S.  of  Ithaca,! 

North  Can'ton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Canton  wwnii!^ 
Hartford  co.,  Conn.,  about  17  miles  N.W.  of  Hartford, 
has  a  church. 


NOR 


2011 


KFOlt 


North  Cau'yonville,  a  post-office  of  Douglas  co., 
Oic;,'on,  at  Canyonvillc. 

North  Cape,  hcadlanfls.    See  Cape  Noeth. 

North  Cape,  a  iiost-villagc  of  Racine  co.,  Wis.,  8  miles 
'W.  of  Franksville  Station,  which  is  19  miles  S.  of  Mil- 
waukee. It  has  2  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  &c. 
■  North  Car'mcl,  a  post-oflioc  in  Carmel  township, 
Penobscot  CO.,  Me.,  2  miles  N.  of  Carmel,  and  about  13 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Bangor. 

North  Carolina,  kdr-o-li'na,  a  southern  Atlantic  state 
)f  the  American  Union,  of  which  it  was  one  of  the  original 
hirteen  members,  bounded  N.  by  Virginia,  E.  and  S.E.  by 
he  -Vtlantic,  S.  by  South  Carolina  and  Georgia,  and  W.  by 
renncssce.  It  lies  between  33°  53'  and  36°  33'  N.  lat.  and 
•50  25'  and  84^  30'  AV.  Ion.  Its  greatest  length,  E.  and  W., 
3  49i)  miles;  extreme  breadth,  185  miles;  area,  52,250  square 
uilcs. 

Face  of  (he  Country. — Along  the  W.  border  runs  the 
moky  or  Iron  Mountain  range;  and  at  a  considerable  dis- 
mco  southeastward  runs,  in  a  nearly  parallel  course,  what 
i  here  the  main  chain  of  the  Alleghanies,  continuous  north- 
iastward  with  the  Blue  Ridge  of  Virginia.  Between  these 
ld"e3  there  are  various  parallel,  transverse,  and  scattered 
langes  and  groups  of  mountains  rising  from  a  plateau  elo- 
jated  from  3500  to  4000  feet.  Of  these  the  highest  in  the 
bate,  or  in  any  part  of  the  Appalachian  system,  are  the 
jMack  Mountains,  of  which  Mitchell's  Black  Dome,  or 
lingman's  Peak,  attains  the  height  of  6688  feet.     South- 

estward  are  the  new-found  Bald,  Unaka,  Cowse,  and  other 
vnges;  and  along  the  South  Carolina  lino  the  Blue  Ridge 

(ands  westward,  and  for  some  distance  marks  the  limit  of 
le  state.  The  Blue  Ridge  declines  eastwardly  into  an 
cvated  tract,  AV.  of  the  Catawba  and  Yadkin  Rivers  ;  and 
lis  plateau  supports  some  mountain-outliers  and  broken 
Jills.  The  mountain  country  is  wonderfully  picturesque 
id  healthful,  and  affords  good  grazing-  and  corn-land,  with 
uch  hard  timber.  Next  eastward  lies  the  midland  sec- 
3n,  with  its  varied  surface  and  excellent  soils,  adapted  to 
le  growth  of  cotton,  tobacco,  and  the  cereals.  The  coast- 
mds,  e.xtending  back  for  80  or  100  miles,  form  the  pine 
luntry,  where  the  long-leaf  pine  affords  abundance  of  tiui- 
r  and  naval  stores.  This  region  includes  some  3,000,000 
res  of  swamps,  of  which  the  Great  and  Little  Dismal, 
•  ligator,  Angola,  Green,  and  Holly  Shelter  Swamps  are 
i\ong  the  most  extensive.  This  tract  also  contains  much 
jeeedingly  productive  land. 

Geology,  MincraU. — The  mountiiin -region,  and  most  of 
)  middle  section,  are  underlaid  by  richly  metalliferous 
oie  strata.  Eastward  it  is  bounded  by  a  narrow  but  ir- 
;ular  belt  of  the  Silurian,  which  crosses  the  state,  run- 
ig  from  the  neighborhood  of  Oxford  and  Roxborough  on 
'  X.E.  to  that  of  Monroe  and  Rockingham  on  the  S.AV. 
mg  the  eastern  side  of  this  belt,  and  resting  partly  upon 
runs  a  narrow  strip  of  the  triassic,  interesting  for  its  re- 
rkablc  beds  of  coal,  developed  chiefly  in  the  valley  of 
navigable  Deep  River.  Besides  this  there  lies  just 
A',  of  Danville,  A'a.,  another  small  triassic  region,  also 
i>taining  coal,  and  resting  upon  pyvo-crystallino  rocks. 
^3  coals  of  the  Deep  River  bed  are  of  every  grade,  from 
J  feet  graphite  and  excellent  anthracite  to  the  bituminous 
^-coal  and  the  half-bituminous  smiths'  coal.  They  have 
l|Q  mined  to  some  extent,  principally  at  Egypt,  Farra- 
Je,  and  Ilornsville,  but  are  not  at  present  much  wrought, 
iftheastward  from  the  Silurian  and  triassic  belt  there  is 
tjhe  northward  a  very  considerable  area  of  azoic  forma- 
ti ,  where  Raleigh  stands,  and  to  the  south  westward  a 
Sill  Silurian  field;  but  most  of  the  lower,  midland,  and 
Cjit  belts  are  of  tertiary  and  quaternary  age,  with  some 
i^is  where  the  cretaceous  is  laid  bare  in  the  river-valleys. 
J  principal  metal  of  North  Carolina  is  gold,  which  has 
•'■I  found  in  no  less  than  23  counties,  and  is  still  wrought 
^j?  considerably.  Since  1838  North  Carolina  gold  to  the 
^;ie  of  nearly  $12,000,000  has  been  deposited  in  the 
Mted  States  mints.  There  is  a  branch  mint  or  assay 
Oje  at  Charlotte,  N.C.  Gold-mining  has  become  a  steady 
0;  pation,  with  a  fairly  regular  product.  Copper  ores 
Ojiirious  kinds  exist  richly  in  different  parts  of  North 
^:'lina,  and  some  silver  is  also  obtained.  The  coal- 
UiS  have  iron  and  fire-clay  in  abundance,  and  excellent 
re,  hematites  and  other  ores  are  prevalent  in  the  azoic 
«  )n3.  Lead,  copperas,  zinc  (here  largely  smelted),  an- 
";ny,  and  other  metals  are  known  to  exist,  with  some 
61  1  amounts  of  platinum  and  palladium.  Itacolumite, 
a'  Bven  a  few  diamonds,  have  been  found.  Mica  is  prof- 
it y  mined  in  Mitchell  and  Yancey  cos.  Alum,  graphite, 
Ji'.  buhrstone,  granite,  kaolin,  limestone,  whetstone, 
gi.  Utone,  soapstone,  and  corundum  are  found,  the  latter 


in  especial  abundance.  The  mineral  wealth  of  the  state  \t 
remarkably  great. 

Codst-line,  Rioeri,  (be. — A  remarkable  range  or  rampart, 
consisting  of  low  sand-islands,  fences  the  proper  coast  of 
North  Carolina,  cutting  off  its  shallow  lagoons  and  tranquil 
sounds  from  the  open  sea.  These  islands  present  three 
principal  capes, — Ilatteras,  Lookout,  and  Fear, — whose  out- 
lying shoals  render  navigation  especially  dangerous.  Ons- 
low and  Raleigh  Bays  are  the  intervals  between  the  three 
capes.  AVithin  the  sand-rampart  are  Pamlico,  Albemarle, 
and  Currituck  Sounds,  shallow,  brackish,  and  nearly  tidelcss 
expansions  of  water,  connected  with  the  sea  through  a  few 
inlets,  of  which  Ocracoke  and  Hatteras  Inlets  are  the  prin- 
cipal. The  chief  ports  are  AVilmington,  New-Bcrne,  Eden- 
ton,  Beaufort,  Morehead  City,  Elizabeth  City,  AVashington, 
and  Plymouth,  the  first  four  being  ports  of  entry.  Currituck 
Sound  communicates  with  Norfolk,  Va.,  through  the  Dis- 
mal Swamp  Canal,  which  is  navigated  by  steamers.  Cape 
Fear  River,  formed  by  the  Dan  and  the  Haw,  affords  120 
miles  of  navigation ;  the  Roanoke  and  the  Neuse  each  fur- 
nish about  120  miles ;  and  the  Tar  and  Pamlico  together 
are  navigated  for  100  miles  from  Pamlico  Sound.  The 
Chowan  is  also  navigated  75  miles.  The  Yadkin  becomes 
in  South  Carolina  the  Great  Pedee,  the  Catawba  becomes 
the  AVateree,  and  the  Broad  the  Congaree.  In  the  AV^.  the 
Hiawassee,  Tuckasegee,  and  French  Broad  break  the  moun- 
tain-wall of  the  state  and  enter  Tennessee. 

Objects  of  Interest  to  Tourists  are  very  numerous. 
Among  them  are  Mitchell's  Black  Dome,  the  highest  point 
of  land  E.  of  the  Mississippi,  the  deep  Swannana  Gup, 
Catawba  Falls,  Pilot,  Roan,  Grandfather's,  Grandmother's, 
Bald,  and  King's  Mountains,  the  latter  partly  in  South 
Carolina  and  the  scene  of  one  of  the  most  important  bat- 
tles of  the  Revolution;  the  very  remarkable  remains  of 
prehistoric  aboriginal  life,  such  as  burial-fields,  copper- 
mines,  mounds,  <tc. ;  the  Chimneys,  Painted  Rock,  and  the 
warm  springs  of  Buncombe  co. 

Climate,  Native  Productions,  d;e. — The  mountain-country 
has  a  delightful  summer  and  autumnal  climate,  and  is  be- 
coming a  resort  for  health  and  pleasure;  for  its  scenery  is 
striking  and  richly  varied,  and  its  trout  and  game  attract 
the  angler  and  sportsman,  and  in  winter  the  weather  is  by 
no  means  so  severe  as  in  the  N.  The  coast-region  has  a 
damp  and  warm  summer  climate,  and  near  the  swam)i9 
fevers  and  catarrhal  diseases  prevail,  although  the  dry  pine 
woods  are  exceptionally  healthful  and  are  especially  free 
from  pulmonary  complaints.  The  middle  section  is  gener- 
ally healthful  also,  and  combines  the  characters  of  the 
other  two  regions.  Besides  the  valued  pine  of  the  low  re- 
gion, we  may  notice  the  cypress,  cedar,  oak,  hickory,  ash, 
walnut,  and  other  kinds  of  excellent  timber  which  the  state 
affords.  The  native  fruits  include  the  persimmon,  the 
scuppernong  and  other  excellent  wild  grapes,  the  Chickasaw 
plum,  and  the  cranberry,  which  is  gathered  for  export. 
Large  amounts  of  ginseng,  snake-root,  pink-root,  yellow 
jessamine,  false  vanilla,  and  other  wild  medicinal  and 
aromatic  herbs  are  marketed  from  North  Carolina.  Peculiar 
to  this  state  is  the  interesting  Dionxa,  or  Venus's  fly-trap. 
Here  grows  the  yawpon,  or  yupon,  a  kind  of  holly,  closely 
kindred  to  Paraguay  tea.  Its  leaves  are  very  commonly 
employed  as  a  substitute  for  tea,  and  of  it  the  Indians 
made  their  nauseous  osceola,  or  black  drink.  The  forest* 
afford  great  amounts  of  pine  timber  and  spars  for  the  gen- 
eral market,  and  yield  a  large  share  of  the  world's  supply 
of  naval  stores,  including  rosin,  oil  of  turpentine,  raw  tur- 
pentine, tar,  and  pitch.  Among  the  native  animals  ar« 
deer,  bears,  wolves,  raccoons,  opossums,  &c.  In  the  S.B. 
the  alligator  is  seen.  Of  venomous  serpents  the  state  has 
the  rattlesnake,  cotton-mouth,  moccasin,  and  some  species 
of  Elaps. 

Agriculture. — The  culture  of  cotton  has  latterly  extended 
northward  and  westward  in  this  state,  and  the  cotton- 
product  of  North  Carolina  bears  an  exceptionally  high 
character  in  the  market.  All  parts  of  the  state  afford  much 
maize.  Tobacco  has  long  been  one  of  the  loading  products. 
Sweet  potatoes  are  largely  grown.  Sjjring  market  vegeta- 
bles are  quite  extensively  raised  for  sale  in  the  Northern 
cities.  Rice  does  well  in  the  swamps,  especially  southeast- 
ward. Apples,  peaches,  pears,  and  grapes  thrive  exceed- 
ingly well.  Dried  fruits  are  becoming  a  staple  of  export. 
The  scuppernong  and  Catawba  grapes  are  natives  of  this 
state,  and  of  late  several  large  wine-growing  establishments 
have  been  undertaken  at  Enfield  and  elsewhere.  The  wines 
of  North  Carolina  have  rich  and  generous  qualities,  and 
vine-dressing  is  destined  to  become  a  profitable  occupation. 
Sericulture  has  also  been  tried,  and  for  that  industry  tba 
state  seems  admirably  adapted.     Honey  and  beeswax  foric 


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ft  ooDslderable  8ouro«  of  revenue  in  the  eastern  district. 
Btook-niising  is  ttio  leivdinj^  pursuit  in  the  W. 

Commerce. — North  Carolina  exports,  ooostwise  and  to  for- 
eign countries,  lar^^o  aiuounts  of  narat  stores,  lumber,  and 
otiicr  fure:it-|>ruducts,  cotton,  tobacco,  flour,  and  tish.  llor 
sounds  and  rivers  give  a  large  annual  catch  of  shad,  her- 
ring or  aiewivos,  and  bass  or  toek;  and  the  mullet,  slicops- 
bead,  and  blue&sh  or  taylor  are  also  abundantly  taken. 
Theee  fisheries  are  more  important  than  any  others  on 
the  Southern  coast,  affording  some  100, UOO  barrels  of  fish, 
besides  great  numbers  of  unsaltod  shad  sent  northward. 
Most  of  the  trade  is  via  Wilmington  and  Norfollt,  Ya. 

MaHii/acltire*. — The  leading  manufacturing  operations 
are  the  sawing  of  lumber  and  the  production  of  rosin,  tur, 
pitch,  turpentine  oil,  cotton-seed  oil,  tobacco,  and  flour. 
Quite  a  number  of  cotton-mills  have  been  estalilished,  with 
good  prospects  of  success.  Metallurgical  operations  are 
carried  on  to  some  extent.  Considerable  zinc  is  smelted  and 
rolled,  and  the  annual  gold  product  is  by  no  means  despi- 
cable. Some  of  the  copper  ores  are  rich,  and  others,  it  is 
believed,  can  be  handled  with  groat  profit  by  inexpensive 
methods  recently  introduced.  The  rivers  of  North  Carolina 
aflbrd  abundant  water-power,  of  which  only  a  very  small 
part  is  utilized.  Important  iron  smelting-works  wore  car- 
ried on  hero  during  the  war  of  1S61-65,  producing  metal  of 
peculiar  excellence;  and  there  are  still  some  iron-works. 
Carriage-  and  car-making,  cooperage,  tanning,  and  quite  a 
varied  manufacturing  industry  prevail  in  and  near  some 
of  the  larger  towns. 

Hailroada. — In  1850  this  state  had  283  miles  of  railroad; 
in  1855,  582  miles;  in  1860,  937  miles;  in  1865,  984  miles; 
in  1870,  1178  miles;  in  1S75,  1528  miles;  in  1880,  1499 
miles;  and  in  1890,3128  miles.  Since  the  war  the  state 
has  liberally  voted  lier  aid  to  new  railroad  enterprises,  but 
the  funds  raised  for  the  roads  were  for  a  time  mostly  stolen 
or  squandered  by  unprincipled  adventurers  who  controlled 
public  afi'airs.  Two  of  the  original  roads  are  now  prac- 
tically owned  by  the  state,  and  the  money  received  from 
their  lease  pays  the  interest  on  the  construction  bonds. 

The  Counties  are  96  in  number,  to  wit :  Alamance,  Alex- 
ander, Alleghany,  Anson,  Ashe,  Beaufort,  Bertie,  Bladen, 
Brunswick,  Buncombe,  Burke,  Cabarrus,  Caldwell,  Caiuden, 
Carteret,  Caswell,  Catawba,  Chatham,  Cherokee,  Chowan, 
Clay,  Cleveland,  Columbus,  Craven,  Cumberland,  Currituck, 
Dare,  Davidson,  Davie,  Duplin,  Durham,  Edgecombe,  For- 
syth, Franklin,  Gaston,  Uutes,  Graham,  Granville,  Green, 
Guilford,  Halifax,  Harnett,  Haywood,  Henderson,  Hertford, 
Hyde,  Iredell,  Jackson,  Johnston,  Jones,  Lenoir,  Lincoln, 
McDowell,  Macon,  Madison,  Martin,  Mecklenburg,  Mitchell, 
Montgomery,  Moore,  Nash,  New  Hanover,  Northampton, 
Onslow,  Orange,  Pamlico,  Pasquotank,  Pender,  Perquimans, 
Person,  Pitt,  Polk,  Randolph,  Richmond,  Robeson,  Rock- 
ingham, Rowan,  Rutherford,  Sampson,  Stanley,  Stokes, 
Surry,  Swain,  Transylvania,  Tyrrel.  Union,  Vance,  Wake, 
Warren,  Washington,  Watauga,  Wayne,  Wilkes,  Wilson, 
Yadkin,  and  Yancey. 

The  principal  towns  and  cities  in  1890  were  Wilmington, 
the  principal  seaport  (pop.  20,056) ;  Raleigh,  the  capital 
(12,678);  Charlotte  (11,557),  Asheville  (10,235),  Winston 
(8018),  Newborn  (7843),  Durham  (5485),  Salisbury  (4418), 
Concord  (4339),  Fayetteville  (4222),  Henderson  (4191), 
Goldsboro  (4017),  and  Washington  (3545). 

Finances. — Tlie  old  or  ante-war  debt  amounted  in  1874 
to  $8,878,200,  but  the  railroad  operations  before  referred 
to,  with  other  liabilities  incurred  by  the  state,  had  in  that 
year  brought  upon  North  Carolina  an  aggregate  indebted- 
ness of  838,921,848.  In  1879  a  refunding  act  was  passed 
by  which  all  outstanding  bonds,  except  railroad  construc- 
tion bonds,  were  to  be  settled  by  exchange  for  4  per  cent, 
bonds  aggregating  about  one-third  the  fiico  value.  The 
provisions  for  this  exchange  expired  in  1890,  at  which  time 
the  debt,  including  the  new  bonds,  amounted  to  $5,939,391. 

Oovernment,  (S:c. — The  governor  is  chosen  for  a  term  of 
four  years,  and  has  the  pardoning  power,  but  no  veto. 
Members  of  the  senate  (50  in  number)  and  of  the  house  of 
representatives  (120)  are  chosen  every  two  years.  Every 
voter  must  have  lived  in  the  state  one  year,  and  30  days  in 
the  county  where  the  vote  is  cast.  The  state  has  9  repre- 
sentatives in  the  lower  house  of  Congress,  and  11  electoral 
votes.  At  Raleigh  are  situated  the  state  asylum  for  the 
deaf  and  dumb  and  the  blind,  the  state  insane  asylum,  and 
the  North  Carolina  penitentiary. 

Education. — There  is  a  system  of  free  schools,  which 
provides  separate  instruction  for  the  white  and  colored 
pupils,  but  important  changes  are  needed  to  make  the 
system  adequate  to  the  public  needs.  A  state  agricultural 
and  mechanical  college  was  opened  at  Raleigh  in  1889. 


Among  the  important  institutions  are  North  Carolina  Unl 
versity,  at  Chapel  Hill ;  North  Carolina  College  (Lutheran) 
Mt.  Pleasant;  Wake  Forest  College  (Baptist),  Forestville 
Rutherford  College,  at  E.\cel»lor  (non-sectarian,  for  botl 
sexes);  Davidson  College,  at  Davidson  (IVesbyteriiin) 
Trinity  College,  at  Trinity  (Methodist);  Shaw  Univcrsilj 
Raleigh  (Baptist,  for  colored  students  of  either  sex).  Sev 
eral  of  these  colleges  have  preparatory,  theological,  icicn 
tific,  and  other  special  courses,  and  there  are  within  tbestati 
many  academics  and  seminaries  of  rcsiioctablu  rank. 

History. — In  1585  and  1580  Raleigh  i)hintcd  colonic 
upon  Roanoke  Island,  but  the  first  permanent  ecttlcuicnt 
wore  made  by  Virginians  near  the  northern  border.  Ii 
1003  the  province  of  Carolina  was  granted  by  Charles  II 
The  philosopher  Locke  devised  for  it  a  fantastical  form  ol 
government,  with  an  aristocracy  of  landgraves  and  cociquu 
and  for  twenty-five  years  this  form  of  government  was  t 
some  extent  maintained.  This  part  of  Carolina  was  tbei 
called  Albemarle.  Some  of  the  Indian  tribes  (Corees,  Tui 
caroras,  Nottoways,  Ac,  principally  of  Iroquois  stock)  at 
tacked  the  colonists,  but  in  1712  the  greater  part  were  sub 
dued,  and  the  Tuscaroras  at  once  went  northward  an^ 
joined  the  Five  (thenceforward  Six)  Nations  in  the  Nei 
York  province.  In  1729  North  Carolina  became  a  separat 
royal  province.  The  colony  took  an  early  and  very  ftron 
stand  for  popular  rights,  and  it  is  probable  that  the  Meek 
Icnburg  Declaration  of  1775  was  the  first  assertion  of  tb 
ri^ht  of  colonial  independence.  During  the  war  of  th 
Revolution  the  majority  of  the  people  bore  their  full  shar 
of  suffering  and  service  in  the  cause  of  liberty,  but  thot 
was  a  large  and  active  loyalist  faction,  who  carried  on 
vexatious  partisan  warfare.  The  action  at  Guilford  Courl 
House  was  the  most  important  which  took  place  within  tfa 
state.  In  1861  a  state  convention,  called  by  an  e.\ti 
session  of  the  legislature  in  spite  of  a  previous  popuh 
vote  against  the  measure,  pivsscu  an  ordinance  of  8eccsi<iui 
The  North  Carolina  troops  were  distinguished  for  the 
valor  in  the  contest  which  ensued.  The  most  iinportit 
battles  fought  in  this  state  during  that  war  were  at  Iloanol' 
Island,  New-Berne,  Fort  Fisher,  Averysborough,  and  Bei 
tonville.  After  the  war  the  peace  of  the  state  was  at  ot 
time  much  disturbed  by  gangs  of  armed  desperadoes  ac 
robbers,  who  lived  in  the  swamps,  and  whose  haunts  ire; 
finally  broken  up  by  the  military.  The  prosperity  of  ll 
state  has  been  seriously  affected  by  the  unwise  Gnanci 
measures  already  referred  to.  In  18S9  there  was  an  exodi 
of  negroes  who  considered  themselves  oppressed  by  existit 
laws  and  the  general  attitude  of  the  white  population. 

The  Population  in  1790  was  393,751  ;  in  1800,  487,10 
in  1810,555,500;  in  1820,  638,829;  in  1830,737,987; 
1840,  753,419;  in  1850,  869,039;  in  1860,  992,622,  of  who 
629,942  were  white,  331,059  were  slaves,  and  30,463  we 
free  colored;  in  1870,  1,071,361;  in  1880,  1,399,750,  t 
whom  867,242  were  white  ;  in  1890, 1,617,947.  The  peop 
were  originally  of  English  stock,  with  large  subscque 
additions  of  Scotch-Irish  and  Highland-Scotch  eleiiienl 
Presidents  Jackson,  Polk,  and  Johnson  were  natives  of  tl 
state,  and  all  three  were  of  the  Scotch-Irish  stock. 

North  Car'ver,  a  post-office  of  Plymouth  co.,  Mas; 
about  16  miles  E.  of  Taunton. 

North  Castinc,  kas-tcen',  a  post-village  of  Ilancot 
CO.,  Me.,  on  the  E.  side  of  Penobscot  Bay,  about  30  mil 
S.  of  Bangor. 

North  Castle,  kas's?!,  a  post-hamlet  in  North  Ca»i 
township,  AV'estchcster  co.,  N.Y.,  about  38  miles  N-N.E. 
New  York.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of  the  township,  whi 
contains  Armonk  and  Kensico,  1966. 

North  Ce'dar,  or  Tip'pinville,  a  post-village 
Jackson  co.,  Kansas,  in  Cedar  township,  7  miles  S.E. 
Ilolton.     It  has  1  or  2  churches. 

North  Channel,  Canada.    See  Caxahiax  Chashei 

North  Charlestown,  charlz'tSwn,  a  post-village 
Charlestown  township,  Sullivan  co.,  N.II.,  on  the  Connec 
cut  River,  and  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  OJ  mi 
S.S.W.  of  Claremont.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  4c. 

North  Chat'ham,  a  small  post-village  in  ChatL; 
township,  Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  on  Pleasant  Bay,  near  t 
sea,  about  54  miles  E.  of  New  Bedford.  It  is  1 J  miles  ft 
Chatham  Village.     Many  codfish  are  caught  hero. 

North  Chatham,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  eo.,  >■ 
about  40  miles  N.  of  Ossipee. 

North  Chatham,  a  post-village  in  Chatham  townsbi 
Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Kinderhook  Creek,  about  16  mif 
S.S.E.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  church,  a  carriago-shop,  a  «»:■ 
mill,  and  2  stores.  .  -, 

North  Chelms'ford,  a  post-Tillage  in  Cheimsi ' 
township,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  or.  the  Merrimac  Hn. 


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'and  on  the  Stony  Brook  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the 
iUoston,  Lflivell  A  Nashua  Railroad,  3  miles  W.  of  Lowell, 
jit  has'  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  machinery,  iron 
moulJing,  turbine  water-whoels,  and  worsted  yarn. 

North  Chelsea,  Massachusetts.    See  Revere. 

North  Chemung,  N.Y.    See  Hammo.vd's  ConsEns. 

North  Ches'ter,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hampden  oo.,  Mass., 
)n  the  Middle  Branch  of  AVestfield  River,  about  2i  miles 
itJ.W.  of  Springfield.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

North  Chester,  a  post-village  in  Chester  township, 
Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Rutland  division  of  the  Central 
'jrcrmont  Railroad,  37  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rutland.  It  has  a 
ihurch  and  a  manufactory  of  shoes. 

North  Ches'terville,  a  post-village  in  Chestervillo 
ownship,  Franklin  co.,  Me.,  about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Au- 
gusta.   It  has  a  church  and  a  carriage-shop. 
f  North  Chich'ester,  a  post-village  in  Chichester  town- 
ihip,  Merrimack  co.,  N.ll.,  on  or  near  the  Suncook  River, 

or  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Concord.     It  has  2  saw-mills. 

North  Chili,  chl'll,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y., 
a  Chili  township,  1  mile  from  Chili  Station  on  the  rail- 
pad  which  connects  Rochester  with  Batavia,  and  10  miles 
k.S.W.  of  Rochester.  It  has  2  churches,  the  Chili  Scmi- 
jary,  and  2  wagon-shops.  Pop.  104. 
I  North  Clar'etidon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rutland  co.,  Vt., 
la  Otter  Creek,  and  on  the  Harlem  Extension  &  Central 
j'ennont  Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of  Rutl.and. 

I  North  Clayton,  kla'tpn,  a  post-village  of  Miami  co., 
,  on  Stillwater  Creek,  8  or  9  miles  W.  of  Piqua.     It  has 
churches.    Pop.  101. 
North  Clayton,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co.,  Wis. 
North  Clove,  a  post-office  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y. 
North  Cly'mer,  a  post-village  in  Clymer  township, 
lautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Buffalo,  Corry  <t  Pittsburg 
ailroad,  35    miles  S.   by   W.   of    Dunkirk.     It    has   2 
lorohos. 
North  Codo'rns,  township,  York  co..  Pa.     Pop.  2476. 
|i North  Cohas'sct,  a  village  in   Cohasset  township, 
arfolk  CO.,  Mass.,  and  on  the  sea-shore  near  Nantasket 
jsach,  13  miles  by  water  S.E.  of  Boston. 
North  Cohoc'ton,  a  post-village  in  Cohocton  town- 
jp,  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Rochester  division  of  the 
ie  Railroad,  about  13  miles  E.  of  Dansville,  and  45  miles 

I  of  Rochester.  It  has  a  church,  a  union  school,  and  2 
lag-stores. 

[North  Colebrook,  kol'brook,  a  post-office  of  Litoh- 
'id  CO.,  Conn.,  about  35  miles  W.N.W.  of  Hartford. 
Vorth  Colesville,  kolz'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Broome 
,  N.Y.,  li  miles  from  Tunnel  Station,  which  is  on  the 

ijany  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Bing- 
31  ton. 
'forth  Col'lins,  a  post-village  of  Erie  oo.,  N.Y.,  in 
rth  Collins  township,  on  the  Buffalo  &  Jamestown  Rail- 
i|d,  23  miles  S.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist- 
I,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  3  stores.  Pop.  in  1890,  636; 
the  township,  2016. 

|iforth  Colum'bia,  a  post-village  of  Nevada  co.,  Cal., 
i  miles  N.  of  Nevada.  It  has  a  church. 
jiforth  Columbia,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co..  Me., 
i:  at  20  miles  AV.  of  Machias.  It  has  a  lumber-mill. 
(forth  Concord,  kong'k9rd,  a  station  in  Jackson  co., 
3;*.,  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  13  miles  AV.  of 
i|kson. 

(forth  Concord,  a  station  of  Merrimack  co.,  N.II.,  on 
ti  Boston,  Concord  &  Montreal  Railroad,  6i  miles  N.  of 
C;  cord. 

1  orth  Concord,  a  post-hamlet  in  Concord  township, 
I|)X  CO.,  Vt.,  1  mile  from  North  Concord  Station,  which  is 
^he  Portland  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  12  miles  E.  of  St. 
Jlnsbury.  It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 
lorth  Constantia,  kon-stan'she-a,  a  post-hamlet  of 
O|ego  CO.,  N.Y.,  7  miles  from  Constantia.  It  has  a  church 
aj  a  saw-mill. 
lorth  Con'way,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort 
"jonway  township,  Carroll  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  E.  bank  of 

II  baco  River,  and  on  the  Portland  &  Ogdensburg  and 
1  smouth,  Great  Falls  &  North  Conway  Railroads,  60 
"3  W.N.AV.  of  Portland,  Me.,  and  137  miles  N.  of  Bos- 
t'l  It  is  surrounded  by  beautiful  mountain-scenery.  Here 
fti:  mmerous  largo  summer  boarding-houses  and  hotels,  an 
tt(femy,  and  3  churches. 

|>rth  Copake,  New  York.    See  Crauyville. 

lirth  Corn'ville,  a  post-office  of  Somerset  co..  Me., 
Hi  lies  N.  of  Skowhegan. 

;>rth  Corn'wall,  a  post-office  of  Litchfield  co..  Conn., 
afcn  36  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Hartford. 

:>rth  Cove,  a  post-office  and  township  of  McDowell 


CO.,  N.C.,  in  a  valley  at  the  base  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  15  miles 
N.  of  Marion.  Marble  is  said  to  be  found  here.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  874. 

North  Cove,  a  post-office  of  Pacific  co.,  Washington, 
on  the  N.  side  of  Shoalwater  Bay. 

North  Cove  Creek,  of  North  Carolina,  enters  the 
Catawba  from  the  N.,  in  Burke  co. 

North  Cov'entry,  a  township  of  Chester  co.,  Pa., 
is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Schuykill  River,  which  sepa- 
rates it  from  Pottstown.     Pop.  1251. 

North  Crafts'bury,  a  post-village  in  Craftsbury  town- 
ship, Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  about  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Montpelier. 

North  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Ala. 

North  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Phillips  co..  Ark.,  3 
miles  from  Marvell  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

North  Creek,  a  post-village  of  AVarren  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Hudson  River,  at  the  mouth  of  North  Creek,  and  on 
the  Adirondack  Railroad,  57  miles  N.  of  Saratoga  Springs. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  2  steam  saw-mills,  and  2 
hotels.     Pop.  about  200. 

North  Crom'well,  a  station  in  Middlese.t  co..  Conn., 
on  the  Connecticut  River,  and  on  the  Connecticut  Valley 
Railroad,  about  12  miles  S.  of  Hartford. 

North  Cross  Creek,  a  hamlet  of  Stewart  co.,  Tenn., 
10  miles  from  Erin.     It  has  a  church. 

North  Cu'ba,  a  hamlet  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Cuba  township,  on  the  Genesee  Valley  Canal,  3  miles  N.  of 
Cuba.     Here  is  Seymour  Post-Office. 

North  Cut'ler,  a  post-office  of  AVashington  co.,  Me. 

Northcutt,  Linn  co.,  Mo.    See  New  Enterprise. 

North  Dako'ta,  a  northwestern  state  of  the  Ameri- . 
can  Union,  bounded  N.  by  Manitoba,  a  province  of  the 
Dominion  of  Canada,  E.  by  Minnesota,  S.  by  South  Dakota, 
and  AV.  by  Montana.  Its  northern  limit  is  49°  N.  lat. ; 
its  eastern  boundary  is  the  navigable  Red  River  of  the 
North  ;  the  seventh  standard  parallel  separates  it  from 
South  Dakota,  and  the  meridian  104°  W.  Ion.  defines  its 
western  limit.  It  extends  about  340  miles  E.  and  AV.,  and 
about  225  miles  N.  and  S.     Area,  70,795  square  miles. 

Face  of  the  Country. — The  Missouri  River  enters  the 
state  from  the  AV.,  and  pursues  its  course  to  the  S.E. 
through  a  region  of  high  plains  and  plateaus.  AVith  its 
tributaries  it  drains  the  western  and  southwestern  sections 
of  the  state.  Its  principal  affluents  are  the  Yellowstone, 
which  joins  it  shortly  after  both  streams  have  crossed 
the  western  border  of  the  state.  Little  Missouri,  Big 
Knife,  Heart,  and  Cannon  Ball  Rivers.  The  northern, 
and  eastern  portions  of  the  state  belong  to  the  Arctic 
system  of  drainage.  The  divide  between  this  and  the 
Mississippi  system  is  mainly  formed  by  the  Plateau  du 
Coteau  du  Missouri,  a  hilly  and  somewhat  stony  tract 
extending  from  the  N.AV  corner  of  the  state  southwest- 
ward  into  South  Dakota.  The  greater  part  of  the  waters 
N.  and  E.  of  this  elevation  flow  northward  through  the 
Mouse  River  and  the  Red  River  of  the  North  into  IxvUe 
Winnipeg,  whence  they  finally  flow  into  Hudson  Bay. 
Between  the  basins  of  these  two  rivers  is  a  limited  area  of 
interior  drainage  with  no  outflow  to  the  sea.  It  contains 
a  large  salt  lake  called  Minnewaukan  or  Devil's  Lake,  a 
picturesque  sheet  of  water  which  is  now  accessible  by  rail- 
road. Its  briny  waters  resemble  those  of  the  ocean  both 
in  appearance  and  in  taste,  and  afford  opportunities  for 
sea-bathing  in  the  interior  of  the  continent.  E.  of  the 
Missouri  River  the  surface  is  prairie,  broken  at  first  by  the 
coteaus,  then  rolling,  and  finally  becoming  a  flat  level  plain 
slightly  inclined  towards  the  B.  and  N.  The  valley  of  the 
Red  River  of  the  North  is  the  bed  of  an  extinct  lake,  which 
existed  in  prehistoric  times,  extending  eastward  into  Minne- 
sota and  northward  into  Manitoba.  It  now  contains  many 
lakes  and  streams  and  numerous  dry  coulees,  or  beds  of 
streams  where  the  water  has  ceased  to  flow.  AVithin  its 
limits  are  the  most  productive  portions  of  the  famous  wheat- 
fields  of  this  state.  Along  the  beds  of  the  rivers  tributary 
to  the  Red  River,  and  surrounding  the  lakes,  are  heavy 
belts  of  timber. 

Geology. — Nearly  all  the  surface  rocks  belong  to  the 
cretaceous  period,  merging  into  a  belt  of  much  earlier  date 
along  the  eastern  border,  and  covered  for  the  most  part, 
except  in  the  S.W.,  by  drift.  The  presence  of  salt  springs 
and  streams  in  portions  of  the  valley  of  the  Red  River  of 
the  North  indicate  that  silurian  formations  have  been 
reached,  as  it  is  in  the  rocks  of  this  period  that  saline 
springs  occur  in  other  sections  of  the  country. 

Climate. — The  air  is  dry  and  invigorating,  and  the  skies 
clear.  The  climate  is  as  a  whole  remarkably  healthful, 
and  in  summer  and  autumn  is  peculiarly  delightful.  The 
winters  are  cold  and  sometimes  severe,  but  with  the  absence 


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of  the  humidity  wbioh  is  obaraoteriatio  of  the  attuosphore 
in  the  eutern  part  of  the  country,  a  greater  degree  ot  cold 
can  be  borue  with  comparatively  little  discomfort.  Al- 
though there  are  at  times  great  snow-storms  or  "  blisiards," 
the  fall  of  snow  is,  as  a  rule,  very  light  when  compared 
^with  that  of  the  states  in  tho  East.  Farming  operations 
begin  in  April,  and  ns  tbo  spring  iiJjReldom  bacliward,  tbey 
are  not  interrupted  by  the  return  of  unfavorable  weutlier. 
Long  days  of  sunshine  prevail  in  summer,  and  the  high 
temperature  which  promotes  the  growth  of  vegetation  is 
commonly  relieved  by  refreshing  prairie  breezes  during 
the  night.  The  difference  between  the  extremes  of  summer 
and  winter  temperature  is,  however,  often  very  groat.  Tho 
rainfall  is  never  very  heavy,  but  if  it  comes  ut  tlie  proper 
time,  which  is  during  the  spring  and  early  summer  months, 
it  is  sufficient  to  mature  the  crops.  When  it  is  not  properly 
distributed  the  crops  suffer.  Both  North  and  South  Dakota, 
as  well  as  Western  Nebraska  and  Kan-^as  and  parts  of  Texas, 
lie  in  a  belt  of  debatable  ground  as  regards  irrigation.  In 
a  good  season  irrigation  is  unnecessary,  but  in  a  time  of 
drought,  the  crops  fail  without  it.  As  the  evaporation  and 
storage  of  rainfall  also  affect  its  actual  efficiency,  North 
Dakota  has  the  advantage  of  the  region  south.  Its  mean 
temperature  is  lower,  causing  less  loss  by  ova{)orntion,  and 
its  supply  is  well  husbanded  by  the  numerous  lakes.  There 
are,  however,  many  artesian  wells,  and  much  attention  bus 
been  devoted  to  the  consideration  of  proper  irrigation. 

Agriculture. — The  wheat  crop  is  the  important  agricult- 
ural product,  and  will  probably  always  be  the  chief  fstaple. 
Dakota  wheat  is  known  the  world  over.  It  is  superior  to 
any  other  wheat  grown.  A  barrel  of  Dakota  wheat  flour 
makes  more  bread  and  contains  more  nourishment  than  can 
be  obtained  from  an  equal  quantity  of  any  other  flour.  One 
peculiarity  of  wheat-growing  in  this  state  is  the  grand 
scale  upon  which  it  is  conducted.  It  is  by  no  means  an 
uncommon  thing  to  see  single  fields  or  farms  of  20,000 
acres  or  even  more  devoted  to  the  cultivation  of  this  cereiil. 
The  wheat  crop  of  this  section  affects  the  jjrices  in  the 
principal  markets  of  the  world.  Corn,  oats,  barley,  flax, 
rye,  and  potatoes  are  valuable  crops.  Stock-raising  is  an 
important  industry  in  the  western  section.  As  yet  the 
manufactures  are  mainly  of  the  domestic  type. 

Railroads. — In  1878  there  were  in  the  whole  territory 
of  Dakota  only  320  miles  of  railroad.  In  1890  the  state 
of  North  Dakota  had  2116  miles.  During  certain  seasons 
of  the  year  the  Missouri  River  and  the  Red  River  of  the 
North  afford  important  highways  for  commerce  and  travel. 

Counties  and  Towns. — There  are  63  counties  in  North 
Dakota,  besides  unorganized  territory  comprising  1400 
square  miles,  viz.,  Allred,  Barnes,  Benson,  Billings,  Bot- 
tineau, Bowman.  Buford,  Burleigh,  Cass,  Caviller,  Church, 
Dickey,  Dunn,  Eddy,  Emmons,  Flanncry,  Foster,  Garfield, 
Grand  Forks,  Griggs,  Hettinger,  Kidder,  La  Moure,  Logan, 
McHenry,  Mcintosh,  McKenzie,  McLean,  Mercer,  Morton, 
Montraille,  Nelson,  Oliver,  Pembina,  Pierce,  Ramsay, 
Ransom,  Renville,  Richland,  Rolette,  Sargent,  Sheridan, 
Stark,  Steele,  Stevens,  Stutsman,  Towner,  Traill,  Wallace, 
Walsh,  Ward,  Wells,  and  Williams.  The  principal  towns 
are  Fargo,  a  commercial  and  railroad  centre  situated  at  tho 
point  where  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  crosses  the  Red 
River  of  the  North  (pop.  in  1890,  5664) ;  Bismarck,  the 
capital,  on  the  Missouri  where  that  river  is  crossed  by  the 
Northern  Pacific  railroad  (2186);  Grand  Forks  (4979), 
Jamestown  (2296),  Grafton  (1594),  Wahpeton  (1510),  Man- 
dau  (1328),  and  Valley  City  (1089.) 

Government. — The  governor  is  elected  for  a  term  of  two 
years.  The  senate,  in  accordance  with  the  constitution, 
consists  of  not  less  than  3U  nor  more  than  50  senators 
elected  for  4  years.  The  house  is  composed  of  no  fewer 
than  60  nor  more  than  140  members,  who  serve  for  2  years. 
The  legislative  sessions  are  biennial,  and  arc  limited  to  60 
days.  The  constitution  forbids  the  contracting  of  any 
debt,  exclusive  of  the  territorial  debt  existing  at  the  time 
of  its  adoption,  in  excess  of  $200,000.  The  state  has  one 
representative  in  Congress  and  3  electoral  votes. 

Finnnces.-^The  state  debt  in  1890  consisted  of  the  terri- 
torial liabilities  ($539,807.46)  and  $150,000  in  bonds  issued 
to  meet  deficiencies.  The  total  assessed  valuation  of  jirop- 
erty  was  $88,203,044,  of  which  real  estate  was  valued  at 
$65,181,177,  and  personal  property  at  $23,021,867. 

Education. — A  system  of  free  public  schools  was  estab- 
lished under  the  territorial  government,  and  before  the 
organization  of  the  new  states  the  provisions  for  education 
■were  superior  both  in  quantity  and  quality  to  tho.«e  in 
many  of  the  older  sections  of  the  country.  Ample  appro- 
priations of  land  were  made,  in  the  act  creating  North 
Dakota  as  a  state,  for  the  future  support  of  the  common 


sohooli  tut  well  as  for  the  maintenance  of  inslitutionx  of  i 
higher  grade.  By  act  of  legislature  in  ISDU  provitioni 
were  made  for  nn  academy  of  science  at  Wuh|ict(in.  ug 
agricultural  ooUuge  at  Fargo,  a  school  fur  tho  deaf  and 
dumb  at  Devil's  Lake,  and  normal  schools  at  Mitryavilli 
and  Valley  City.  Although  there  was  no  appropriation  fm 
these  normal  schools,  they  were  oj)oiieJ  iu  Ueceuibcr,  l.svi) 
through  the  liberality  of  the  citizens.  The  Luivomily  of 
North  Dakota  at  Grand  Forks  is  in  a  prosperous  condiiioii 
A  military  department  and  a  school  of  mines  have  reeenti) 
been  added  to  it  by  legislative  enactment.  There  is  a  siiiU 
penitentiary  at  Bismarck  and  a  reform  school  ut  Mamluii. 

History. — Tho  state  is  a  i)art  of  the  great  Louiiiniu 
purchase  of  1803.  The  territory  of  Dakota  wag  organiie. 
in  1861,  including  at  that  time  parts  of  Montana  siit 
Wyoming.  It  was  reduced  in  area  in  ISOS.  In  isyg  \ 
was  proposed  in  Congress  to  set  ott"  the  N.  ])ortion  as  tin 
territory  of  Pembina.  Pembina,  the  oldest  town  iu  tli> 
stiite,  was  settled  in  1812  by  Lord  Selkirk,  who  pupposoi 
this  region  to  be  British  territory  and  to  belong  to  hi 
colony  of  Assiniboia.  The  act  of  aduiisttion  was  sif^ncd 
February  22,  1889,  by  President  Cleveland,  and  Norti 
Dakota  became  a  state  November  3  of  the  same  year. 

Population. — The  population  in  1880  for  the  correspond 
ing  part  of  Dakota  Territory  was  36,009.  The  total  popu 
lation  for  the  state  in  1890  was  182,719,  an  increase  " 
395.05  per  cent. 

North  Da'na,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  oo.,  M:i 
in  Dana  township,  on  the  Springfield,  Athol  4  Northeast 
em  Railroad,  38  miles  N.N.E.  of  Springfield.     It  has  j 
church,  saw-mills,  a  spice-  and  confection-box  factory,  an  I 
manufactures  of  satinets  and  palm-leaf  hats. 

North  Dans'ville,  a  township  of  Livingston  co.,  X.\ 
Pop.  4099.     It  contains  Dansville. 

North  Dan'ville,  a  post-village  in  Danville  townshif 
Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  about  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Montpeliet 
It  has  a  grist-mill  and  manufactures  of  threshing-machine.' 

North  Dartmouth,  dart'muth,  a  post-hamlet  in  Dart 
mouth  township,  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Fall  River 
New  Bedford  Railroad,  5  miles  W.N.W.  of  New  Bedl 
It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  grist-mill. 

North  Deer  Isle,  a  post-office  of  llancoek  co.,  Me.,  L 
on  Deer  Island,  and  on  the  E.  side  of  I'enobscot  Bay,  abouj 
24  miles  S.E.  of  Belfast.  Here  are  quarries  of  granite  nn 
limestone. 

North  Der'by,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orleans  co.,  Vt., 
Lake  Memphremagog,  and  on  the  Passumpsic  Railroa  i 
miles  N.  of  Newport.     It  has  a  granite-quarry. 

North   Dev'on,  an    island  of  the   Arciic  Ocean, 
North  America,  lat  75°  N.,  Ion.  from  80°  to  92°  W.,  havio 
E.  Baffin's  Bay,  W.  Wellington  Strait,  and  S.  Barrow  Strai 
separating  it  from  North  Somerset. 

North  Dighton,  di'ton,  a  post-village  in  Digbto 
township,  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  about  16  miles  E.  of  Prov: 
dence,  3  miles  S.S.W.  of  Taunton,  h  mile  W.  of  Nort 
Dighton  Station  of  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  and  37  mih 
S.  of  Boston.  It  has  2  churches,  a  paper-mill,  a  box-factor,' 
a  grist-mill,  a  wool-scouring  factory,  and  manufactures  o 
hammers  and  cotton.     Pop.  of  the  town-^hip,  1889. 

North  Ditmnrsh,  Prussia.    See  Ditmahsh. 

North  Dix'mont,  a  post-hamlet  in  Dixmont  townsliii 
Penobscot  co..  Me.,  about  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bangor.      . 

North  Dor'chester,  a  post-office  of  Grafton  co.,  N.II 
about  14  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Plymouth.  { 

North  Dorr,  a  post-villnge  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  1 
miles  (direct)  N.  by  E.  of  Allegan. 

North  Dor'set,  a  post-hamlet  in  Dorset  townshij 
Bennington  co.,yt.,  on  the  Harlem  Extension  Ilailroiul,  i 
miles  S.  of  Rutland.  It  has  manufactures  of  lumber  an 
marble,  and  a  marble-quarry  has  been  opened  on  Moui 
iEolus,  near  this  place. 

North  Douro,  Ontario.     See  Lakefield. 

North  Do'ver,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cuyahoga  co.,  0.. 
near  Lake  Erie,  6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Berea,  and  about  1 
miles  W.  of  Cleveland. 

North  Dunbar'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Merrimack  - 
N.II.,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Concord.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

North  Dux'bury,  a  post-office  of  Plymouth  co.,  TAn^ 

North  Duxbury,  a  post-hamlet  in  Diixbury  townshr] 
Washington  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Winooski  River,  and  on  tli 
Vermont  Central  Railroad,  at  Duxbury  Station,  15  mil 
W.N.W.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  saw-  and  lumber-mills  ar 
manufactures  of  clapboards. 

North  East,  a  township  of  Yuba  co.,  Cal.    Pop.  2' 

North  East,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  111.  Pop.  li' 
It  contains  La  Prairie  and  Keokuk  Junction. 

North  East,  a  township  of  Orange  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  S9 


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1  North  East,  a  post-village  of  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
North  East  River,  and  on  the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  A 
Bttltimoro  Railroad,  near  Chesapeake  Bay,  45  miles  E.N.E. 
rf  Baltimore,  and  7  miles  W.  of  Elkton.  It  has  3  churches, 
Un  acadom)',  and  several  factories.  Pop.  in  1890,  1249. 
'  North  East,  or  North  East  Centre,  a  hamlet  in 
S'ovth  East  township,  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  about  22  miles  E. 
ir  Rondout,  and  1  mile  W.  of  the  New  York  &  Harlem 
lailroad.  It  has  2  churches.  The  township  contains  a 
arger  village,  named  JM'lerton.     P.  of  the  township,  2266. 

North  East,  a  post  borough  in  North  East  township, 
Znn  CO.  Pa.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  <fc  Michigan  Southern  Ilail- 
oad  15*  miles  E.N.E.  of  Erie,  and  2  miles  from  Lake  Erie. 
t  has  a  national  bank,  2  other  banks,  an  academy,  a  news- 
laper  oflSce,  6  churches,  a  foundry,  and  manufactures  of 
iisli  and  blinds,  woollen  goods,  and  wooden-ware.  Pop.  in 
S90,  1638;  of  the  township,  2124. 

North-East  Cape.    See  Cape  Severo-Vostochsoi. 

North  East'ham,  a  post-hamlet  in  Eastham  town- 
jhip,  Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  100 
jiiles  S.E.  of  Boston,  and  nearly  2  miles  from  the  ocean. 
t  has  a  church. 

North'east*  Ilar'bor,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co., 
[c,  on  the  sea,  and  on  the  coast  of  Mount  Desert  Island. 

North  East  Har'bor,  a  post-village  in  Shelburne 
).,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  sea-coast,  21  miles  from  Shelburne. 
t  contains  2  stores.     Pop.  250. 

1  North  East  Mills,  a  station  in  Placer  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
ientral  Pacific  Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  Auburn. 
I  North  East'on,  a  post-village  in  Easton  township, 
jristol  CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  22  miles  S. 
JP  Boston.  It  has  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
jational  b.ink,  a  savings-bank,  4  churches,  and  manufac- 
fircs  of  boots,  shovels,  spades,  hinges,  Ac. 
I  North  Easton,  or  East'on  Cor'ners,  a  post-vil- 
:ge  in  Easton  township,  Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  about  30 
jiles  N.N.E.  of  Albany,  and  3  miles  E.  of  the  Hudson 
fiver.  It  has  2  churches,  a  seminary,  a  carriage-factory, 
lid  about  50  dwellings.     Here  is  North  Easton  Post-Office. 

1  "North  East  River,  a  small  stream  of  Cecil  co.,  Md., 
ws  into  the  head  of  Chesapeake  Bay. 
North  Eaton,  ee't9n,  a  post-office  of  Lorain  co.,  0.,  on 
e  Cleveland,  Columbus  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  21  miles 
.W.  of  Cleveland. 

Vorth  Edgecomb,  Sj'k^m,  a  post-village  in  Edge- 
iib  township,  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Bath. 
North  Ed'mcston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y., 
niles  S.  of  Unadilla  Forks.     It  has  a  church. 
Vorth  Eg'remont,  a  post-village  in  Egremont  town- 
p,  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  6  miles  AV.  of  Great  Barrington. 
has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber. 
Vorthcim,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Nohdheim. 
*fortheim,  north'hira,  a  post-office  of  Manitowoc  co., 
«.,  on  Lake  Michigan,  about  8  miles  S.  of  Manitowoc. 
Vorth  El'ba,  a  post-township  of  Essex  eo.,  N.Y.,  about 
miles  S.W.  of  Plattsburg.     It  comprises  the  Wall  Faced 
untain  and  Placid  Lake,  on  which  are  3  hotels.    P.  367. 
.iforth  Ells'worth,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co.,  Me., 
^miles  S.E.  of  Bangor. 

||6rthen,  non'tcn,  and  Peters-Swift,  pi't^rs-s^ift, 
ijillage  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  principality  and  7  miles 
^of  Gottingen,  near  the  Leine.  Pop.  1000. 
(forth  English,  ing'glish,  a  post-village  of  Iowa  co., 
la,  on  the  North  Fork  of  English  River,  about  40  miles 
V.E.  of  Oskaloosa.     It  has  2  churches. 

forth  E'nosburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Vt., 
i.]nosburg  township,  on  the  Missisquoi  River,  and  on  the 
"*  mont  Central  Railroad,  21  miles  E.N.E.  of  St.  Albans. 
,  orth  Ep'ping,  a  post-office  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.H. 
;orthcrn  Aracan,  a,r>-kan',  or  North  Aracan, 
8;  strict  of  British  Burmah,' forming  the  N.  part  of  AnA- 
C|  (which  see).  Area,  exclusive  of  North  Aracan  Hill 
I;;ts,  5674  square  miles.  It  is  a  forest  region,  but  little 
aijloped.    Capital,  Aracan.     Pop.  6948. 

or'thcrn  Bay,  a  fishing-village  in  the  district  of  Bay 
Oj/^erds,  Newfoundland,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Conception 
^,  20  miles  from  Carboncar.     Pop.  390. 

or'thern  Circars,  sir-kars',  a  former  province  of 
5'sh  India,  extending  along  the  AV.  side  of  the  Bay  of 
l|i?al,  from  lat.  15°  to  20°  N.     Area,  17,000  square  miles. 
i  1  about  2,995,500.    The  province  was  annexed  to  British 
l8,ain  1766  by  Lord  Clive. 
orthern  Dwina,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Dwixa. 
iorthern  Harbour,  a  fishing-settlement  in  the  dis- 
W  of  Twillingate  and  Fogo,  Newfoundland,  at  the  mouth 
M'sploits  Bay,  20  miles  from  Twillingate. 
jiMthern  Junction,  a  post-office  of  Milwaukee  co., 


Wis.,  on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses 
the  Northwestern  Union  Railroad,  6  miles  N.AV.  of  Mil- 
waukee. 

Northern  Lib'erties,  formerly  a  district  of  Phila- 
delphia CO.,  now  included  within  the  chartered  limits  of  the 
city  of  Philadelphia.  Northern  Liberties  was  originally  a 
township,  beginning  at  Vine  street,  and  extending  by  cer- 
tain bounds  to  Wingohoeking  Creek,  which  divided  it  from 
Bristol  township,  and  lying  between  the  Delaware  and 
Schuylkill  Rivers,  S.  of  Germantown  and  Bristol  townships. 
The  district  of  the  Northern  Liberties  was  a  portion  of  this 
township,  and,  after  the  passage  of  several  acts  to  confer 
certain  privileges  on  portions  of  the  territory,  was  finally 
incorporated  March  28,  1803,  and  embraced  the  territory 
between  the  Delaware  River  and  the  W.  side  of  Sixth 
street,  and  between  Vine  street  and  the  irregular  line  of  Co- 
hocksink  Creek.  Out  of  the  township  of  the  Northern  Lib- 
erties were  afterwards  formed  the  districts  of  Kensington 
and  Richmond,  and  the  boroughs  of  White  Hall,  Bridec- 
burg,  and  Aramingo. 

North  Esk,  Scotland.     See  Esk. 

North  Ev'ans,  a  post-village  of  Erie  eo.,  N.Y.,  in 
Evans  and  Eden  townships,  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan 
Southern  Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of  Bufialo,  and  i  mile  from 
Lake  Erie.  It  has  3  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  tannery,  and 
a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  150. 

North  Ev'anston,  a  post-office  of  Cook  co.,  111.,  on 
Lake  Michigan,  and  on  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Rail- 
road, 13  miles  N.  of  Chicago.    Here  is  a  church. 

North  Fnbius,  Missouri.     See  Fabius  River. 

North  Fair'fax,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  about 
22  miles  N.N.E.  of  Burlington. 

North  Fair'field,a  post-hamlet  in  Fairfield  township, 
Somerset  co..  Me.,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Augusta.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  grist-mill. 

North  Fairfield,  a  post-village  in  Fairfield  township, 
Huron  co.,  0.,  about  26  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Mansfield,  and 
10  miles  S.  of  Norwalk.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school, 
a  plough-factory,  Ac.     Pop.  about  600, 

North  Fal'mouth,  a  post-village  in  Falmouth  town- 
ship, Cumberland  co..  Me.,  about  10  miles  N.  of  Portland, 
It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  and  manufactures  of  shoes 
and  carriages. 

North  Fnlmonth,  a  post-village  of  Barnstable  co., 
Mass.,  in  Falmouth  township,  on  Buzzard's  Bay,  and  on 
the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  61  miles  S.E.  of  Boston. 

North  Farm'ington,  a  post-office  of  Oakland  co,, 
Mich.,  4i  miles  N.  of  Farmington. 

North  Fayette,  fa-yet',  a  post-village  in  Fayette 
township,  Kennebec  co..  Me.,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of 
Augusta. 

North  Fayette,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa. 
Pop.  1482.     It  has  abundant  bituminous  coal. 

North  Fays'ton,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Yt,, 
18  miles  W,  of  Montpelier, 

North  Fen'ton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Fenton  township, 
Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  2i  miles  from  AV'illard  Station,  and  about 
12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Binghamton.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
cheese-factory. 

North  Fer'risburg,  a  post-village  in  Ferrisburg  town- 
ship, Addison  Co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad, 
2  miles  E.  of  Lake  Champlain,  and  16  miles  S.  of  Burling- 
ton.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  450. 

North'field,  a  post-village  of  Litchfield  co.,  Conn., 
about  25  miles  W,  by  S,  of  Hartford,  It  has  a  manufan- 
tory  of  cutlery. 

Northfield,  a  township  of  Cook  eo.,  HI.  Pop.  1705. 
It  contains  The  Grove,  South  Northfield,  East  Northfield, 
Glencoe,  Ac. 

Northfield,  a  post-hamlct  of  Boone  co.,  Ind.,  about  22 
miles  N.  by  AV.  of  Indianapolis. 

Northfield,  a  post-village  of  Dcs  Moines  co.,  Iowa,  20 
miles  N.  of  Burlington.  It  has  a  church  and  a  woollen- 
mill. 

Northfield,  a  post-township  of  AVashington  co..  Me., 
about  33  miles  S.AV.  of  Calais,  is  intersected  by  the  Machias 
River.     Pop.  190. 

Northfield,  a  post-village  in  Northfield  township, 
Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Connecticut 
River,  and  on  the  New  London  Northern  Railroad,  23 
miles  N.  of  Amherst,  and  about  11  miles  N.N.E.  of  Green- 
field. It  has  3  churches,  and  a  public  library.  A  bridge 
crosses  the  river  near  this  place.  The  township  contains  a 
village  named  AA'est  Northfield.     P.  of  the  township,  1641. 

Northfield,  township,  AV^ashtenaw  co.,  Mich.    P.  1189. 

Northfield,  a  post-village  in  Northfield  township,  Rico 
CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  Cannon  River,  and  on  the  Iowa  k  Min- 


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BesoU  Railroad,  39  miles  S.  of  St.  Paul,  and  14  miles 
N.N.B.  of  Faribault.  It  is  the  seat  of  Carloton  College 
(organiiod  in  1806),  and  also  of  St.  Olaf  College.  It  has  6 
churches,  1  or  2  newspaper  ofiBces,  a  national  bank,  a  flour- 
uiill,  a  foundry,  a  luachine-shop,  a  »aw-iuill,  and  a  planing- 
niill.     Pop.  in  1S90,  26o9;  of  the  township,  ;i-185. 

Nurthaeldf  a  township  of  Merrimack  oo.,  N.II.  Pop. 
833.  It  contains  Northflold  Depot,  and  has  manufactures 
of  repollniits. 

Northfield,  a  hamlet  of  Essex  oo.,  N.J.,  in  Livingston 
townt>hii>,  4  wiles  N.N.VV.  of  Millburn.     It  has  a  church. 

Nortlifield,  a  township  of  Richmond  oo.  (Stateu  Island), 
N.Y.     Poi).  6529. 

Northncid,  a  post-bamlot  in  Northfield  township.  Sum- 
mit CO.,  0.,  no;vr  tne  Oiiio  Canal,  1  mile  from  Macedonia 
Station,  and  about  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cleveland.  The  town- 
ship is  bounded  W,  by  the  Cuyahoga  River,  and  contains 
Macedonia  village.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1009. 

Northfield,  a  handtome post-village  in  NorthGeld  town- 
ship, Washington  erf.,  Vt.,  in  a  valley  among  high  hills,  on 
the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  10  or  11  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Montpelier,  and  about  40  miles  S.E.  of  Burlington.  It  con- 
tains 5  or  6  churches,  a  national  bank,  the  Northfield  Graded 
and  High  School,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  savings-bank,  and 
machine-shops  of  the  railroad.  Here  is  also  a  military 
school,  styled  the  Norwich  University,  which  was  organized 
in  1834.  North&eld  has  manufactures  of  chairs,  flannel, 
slates,  water-coolers,  and  paper,  and  quarries  of  good  slate 
have  been  opened  here.    P.  (1890)  1222;  of  township,  2628. 

Northfield,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Wis.    P.  877. 

Northfield,  a  village  m  Brant  co.,  Ontario,  lOi  miles 
S.  of  Princeton.     It  has  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  150. 

Northfield  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  in  Northfield  town- 
ship, Merrimack  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Boston,  Concord  &  Mon- 
treal Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  Concord.    It  has  a  church. 

Northfield  Farms,  a  post-hamlct  in  Northfield  town- 
ship, Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Connecti- 
cut River,  and  on  the  New  London  Northern  Railroad,  18 
miles  N.  of  Amherst. 

North'fieet,  a  parish  of  England,  oo.  of  Kent,  on  a 
railway,  and  on  the  Thames,  IJ  miles  W.  of  Gravesend.  It 
has  docks  for  ship-building.     Pop.  6515. 

North  Folden,  fol'd^n,  a  fiord  of  Norway,  on  tho  N.W. 
coast  of  Nordland,  opening  from  the  West  Fiord.  A  little 
beyond  its  mouth  it  divides  into  two  branches,  called  re- 
spectively the  North  and  South  Folden. 

North'ford,  a  post-village  in  North  Branford  township. 
New  Haven  co.,  Conn.,  on  the  Boston  &  New  York  Air- 
Line  Railroad,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  New  Uavcn.  It  has 
manufactures  of  spoons,  lumber,  Ac. 

North  Fork,  a  township  of  Trinity  co.,  Cal.     P.  461. 

North  Fork,  a  township  of  Marion  co..  111.     Pop,  822, 

North  Fork,  township,  Delaware  oo.,  Iowa.    Pop.  824. 

North  Fork,  Mason  co.,  Ky.    See  Lewisburg. 

North  Fork,  a  station  of  Mercer  oo.,  Ky,,  on  the  rail- 
road between  Lebanon  and  Stanford,  about  16  miles  E.  of 
Lebanon. 

North  Fork,  a  post-township  of  Steams  co.,  Minn., 
about  44  miles  W.  of  St.  Cloud.  It  is  drained  by  tho  North 
Fork  of  Crow  River,  and  contains  a  church.     Pop.  405. 

North  Fork,  a  township  of  Barton  co..  Mo.    Pop.  544. 

North  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Saline  co..  Neb. 

North  Fork,  a  post-township  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
North  Fork  of  New  River,  40  miles  S.E.  of  Abingdon,  Va. 
It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  951. 

North  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Potter  co..  Pa. 

North  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Henry  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
North  Fork  of  Obion  River. 

North  Fork,  a  hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Va.,  36  miles  from 
Rogersville,  Tenn. 

North  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va. 

North  Fork,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clark  co.,  Wis.,  32  miles 
E.  of  Chippewa  Falls.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

North  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Sweetwater  co.,  Wyoming. 

North  Fork  of  Lonp,  or  North  Loup  River,  rises 
in  the  sand-hills  in  the  N.  part  of  Nebraska.  It  runs  south- 
eastward, and  unites  with  the  Middle  Loup  in  Howard  oo. 
Length,  nearly  200  miles. 

North  Fork  of  the  Platte  River  rises  in  Colorado, 
in  the  North  Park,  among  tho  Rocky  Mountains,  It  runs 
northwestward  into  Wyoming,  and,  turning  gradually  to- 
wards the  right,  flows  successively  northward  and  north- 
eastward through  a  mountainous  country,  turns  southeast- 
ward through  the  cos,  of  Albany  and  Laramie,  enters  West- 
em  Nebraska,  and  unites  with  the  South  Fork  at  North 
Platte,  in  Lincoln  co.  Its  length  is  estimated  at  800  miles, 
the  greater  part  of  which  is  in  Wyoming.    After  it  enters 


Nebraska  it  traverses  extensive  arid,  treeless  plains.    It  | 
not  navigable. 

North  Fox  Inland,  Maine.    See  North  IIavex. 

North  Fra'minghani,  a  station  in  Middlesex  co 
Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad.     Here  is  Nobscot. 

North  Frank'lin,  a  post-office  of  New  London  co 
Conn.,  on  the  New  London  Northern  Railroad.  10  milt 
N.N.W.  of  Norwich. 

North  Franklin,  a  post-office  of  Delaware  oo.,  N.Y, 

North  Free'dom,  a  post-office  of  Armsiroug  co.,  I'a 

North  Freedom,  a  uost-villago  in  Frceilom  towr 
ship,  Sauk  co,.  Wis,,  on  the  Baraboo  River,  and  on  tb 
Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  43  miles  N,W.  of  Mad 
ison,  and  6  miles  W.  of  Baraboo.  It  has  a  church,  2  nul 
lie  halls,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  4  stores. 

North  Fryeburg,  frI'bQrg,  a  small  post-hamlct  I 
Fryeburg  township,  Oxford  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Sooo  Rivsi 
about  42  miles  AV.  of  Lowiston. 

North   Gage,  a  post-hamlet  in  Deerficid  townshli 
Oneida  oo.,  N.Y.,  10   milos  N.N.E.  of  Utica.    It  has 
churches. 

North  Galway,  gawl'way,  a  post-office  of  Saratog 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  34  miles  N.N.W.  of  Albany. 

North  Gar'den,  a  post-office  of  Albemarle  co.,  Va.,  o: 
the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Chai 
lottos  villo. 

North  Gas'ton,  a  hamlet  of  Northampton  co,,  N,C 
on  the  Roanoke  River,  opposite  Gaston  or  South  Qastot 
It  has  a  church. 

North  George'town,  a  post-village  in  Georgetow 
township,  Sagadahoc  co.,  Me.,  on  an  inlet  of  the  sea, 
miles  S.E.  of  Bath.  It  has  a  steamboat-landing  and 
church. 

North  Georgetown,  a  post-village  of  Columbiana  en 
0,,  4  miles  E.  of  Homeworth  Station,  and  22  miles  L 
Canton.     It  has  2  churches,  a  brewery,  a  grist-mill,  Ac. 

North  Georgia,  j6r'je-a,  a  station  in  Franklin  en 
Vt.,  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  5  milos  S.  of  S 
Albans. 

North  Ger'mantown,  post-office,  Columbia  co.,  N.l 

North  Glan'ford,  a  post-village  in  Wentworth  oo 
Ontario,  5i  miles  S.W.  of  llamilton.     Pop,  175. 

North  Gorham,  gO'ram,  a  post-village  in  Gorhai 
and  Windham  townships,  Cumberland  co,,  Me,,  on  Pn 
sumpscot  River,  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Portland.  It  hat 
grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

North  Gow'er,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  co.,  Ontari 
on  Stephen's  Creek,  8  miles  W.  of  Osgoode.    It  contain 
churches,  3  stores,  2  hotels,  and  a  tannery.    Pop.  250. 

North  Grau'by,  a  post-hamlet  in  Granby  townsbij 
Hartford  co..  Conn,,  about  20  miles  N,AV,  of  Hartford, 
has  an  academy. 

North  Grant'ham,a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.B 
15  miles  N.  of  Newport. 

North  Gran'ville,  a  post-villago  in  Granville  towi 
ship,  Washington  co.,  N.Y,,  9  miles  S.S,E,  of  Whitchal 
and  about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Rutland,  Vt.  It  contains 
national  bank,  the  Granville  Military  Aca<lcmy,  2  gri- 
mills,  2  saw-mills,  3  churches,  and  2  wagon-factories. 

North  Gray,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co.,  Mc. 

North  Greece,  a  post-hamlet  in  Greece  townshi) 
Monroe  co,,  N,Y.,  1  mile  from  Greece  Station  on  the  Lai 
Ontario  Shore  Railroad,  about  9  miles  N.W,  of  Rocbeste 
and  2  milos  from  Lake  Ontario,  It  has  a  church,  a  fumw 
or  foundry,  and  nearly  40  houses. 

North  Green'bush,  a  township  of  Rensselaer  « 
N.Y.     Pop.  3940, 

North  Green'fleld,  a  post-hamlct  in  Greenfield  towi 
ship,  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y,,  at  King's  Station  on  the  Adiroij 
diick  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Saratoga  Springs, 

North  Greenfield,  a  post-hamlet  in  Perry  townshi 
Logan  CO,,  0,,  about  42  miles  N.W.  of  Columbus.  It  has 
church. 

North  Greens'borough,  post-office,  Orleans  co,,  Vj 

North  Green'wich,  a  post-hamlet  in  Greenwich  towij 
ship,  Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  6  miles  N.  of  Greenwich,  ai 
about  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Fort  Edward.    It  has  a  church. 

North  Grosvenor  (gro've-nor)  Dale,  a  post-villa(, 
in  Thompson  township,  Windham  co,.  Conn.,  on  tho  No 
wich  A  Worcester  Railroad,  40  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Norwic' 
It  has  2  churches  and  2  cotton-mills.     Pop.  about  1400. 

North  Groton,  graw't9n,  a  post-hamlct  in  Grot* 
township,  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  about  10  miles  W.  of  PI, 
mouth.     It  has  a  church. 

North  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Miami  co.,  Ind,,  on  ti 
railroad  which  connects  Logansport  with  Marion,  23  mi' 
E.S.E.  of  Logansport.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  saw-null 


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North  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Page  co.,  Iowa,  about  11 
miles  N.W.  of  Clarinda. 

North  Guilford,  ghil'f^rd,  a  post-hamlet  in  Guilford 
1  township,  New  Haven  oo.,  Conn.,  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  New 
'  Haven. 

I,  North  Guilford,  a  hamlet  of  Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  4 
miles  from  Guilford  Centre.  It  has  2  churches. 
1  North  Had'ley,  a  post-village  in  Iladley  township, 
I  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Connecticut 
j  Kiver,  about  22  miles  N.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a  church, 
fcnJ  manufactures  of  brooms,  brushes,  and  lumber. 

North  Ham,  or  Esperauce,  es'po-ranss',  a  post- 

ivillagein  AVolfe  co.,  Quebec,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Arthabaska 

Station.    It  has  a  carding-mill  and  2  saw-  and  grist-mills. 

North  llain'den,  a  post-office  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y., 

ibout  30  miles  S.  of  Cooperstown. 

North  Ilam'lin,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hamlin  township, 
Monroe  co.,  Jf.Y.,  2  or  3  miles  from  Hamlin  llailroad  Sta- 
ion.    It  has  a  grist-mill. 

North  Ilain'mond,  a  post-office  of  St.  Lawrence  co., 
SM'.,  about  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ogdensburg. 

North  Ilam'monton,  a  station  in  Camden  co.,  N.J., 
in  tlie  New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad,  about  IS  miles  N.E. 
i(f  Vincland.    Here  is  Elm  post-office. 

North  Hamp'ton,  a  post-village  in  North  Hampton 
ownahip,  Rockingham  co.,  N.IL,  on  the  Eastern  Railroad, 
'  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Portsmouth,  and  49  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
ioston.  The  township  borders  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and 
las  a  pop.  of  723. 

I  North  Hampton,  a  post-village  in  Pike  township, 
:iark  CO.,  0.,  8  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Springfield,  and  about  22 
liles  N.N.E.  of  Dayton.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  205. 
North  Han'cock,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co.,  Me., 
D  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  6  miles  E.  of  Ellsworth. 
North  Han'nibal,  a  post-hamlct  iu  Hannibal  town- 
lip,  Oswego  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdens- 
org  Railroad  (at  Wheeler's  Station),  8  miles  S.  of  Oswego, 
op.  150. 

'  North  Han'son,  a  station  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad 
'lymouth  Line),  23  miles  S.  of  Boston,  Mass. 
North  Harbor,  a  fishing-village  at  the  head  of  Pla- 
I  ntia  Bay,  Newfoundland,  33  miles  from  Little  Placentia. 
UNorth  Harbor,  a  fishing-hamlet  in  the  district  of 
[accntia  and  St.  Mary's,  Newfoundland,  at  the  head  of 

Mary's  Bay,  7  miles  from  Salmonior. 
North  Har'persficid,  a  post-hamlet  in  Harpcrsfield 
vnship,  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  about  54  miles  W.S.W.  of 
bany.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  foundry. 
Vorth  Harps'well,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co., 
:.,  on  Casco  Bay,  about  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Portland,     It 
^  an  academy  and  a  church. 
Vorth  Hartford,  Now  York.    See  IIaktford. 
*forth  Hart'iaud,  a  post-village  in  Hartland  town- 
p,  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  about  35  miles  N.N.E.  of  Buffiilo. 
xorth  Hartland,  a  post-village  in  Hartland  township, 
ndsorco.,  Vt.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  and  on  the  Gen- 
ii Vermont  Railroad,  70  miles  S.  of  Montpelier.     It  has 
liimber-mill. 

jforth  Har'wich,  a  post-village  in  Harwich  township, 
'•nstable  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  82  miles 
i; .  of  Boston.     It  has  2  churches, 

.'orth  Hat'field,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hatfield  township, 
llnpshire  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Connecticut  River  Railroad, 
Jfniles  N.  of  Springfield. 

1  orth  Hat'lcy,  a  post- village  in  Stanstead  co.,  Quebec, 
"lie  outlet  of  Massawippi  Lake,  on  tho  Massawippi  Val- 
1' Railroad,  12  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Sherbrooko.  Pop.  100. 
)  orth  Ha'ven,  a  post-village  in  North  Haven  town- 
•j,  New  Haven  co.,  Conn.,  on  the  Quinepiac  River,  and 
«'ie  New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford  Railroad,  6  miles 
-)  y  E.  of  Now  Haven.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufac- 
tjjj  of  brooms,  farming-implements,  coffins,  and  bricks, 
1;  of  the  township,  1771. 

lorth  Haven,  a  post-village  in  North  Haven  town- 
«i  Knos  CO.,  Me.,  on  Penobscot  Bay,  14  miles  E.N.E. 
pli  oekland.  The  township  is  a  small  island  (North  Fox) 
!«!•  e  bay  near  the  ocean,  and  has  a  pop.  of  806, 
>rth  Haven,  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.  See  Nouth  Sea. 
J)rth  Haverhill,  ha'v§r-ill,  a  post-village  in  Ilaver- 
w;  ownship,  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Connecticut  River, 
»  I  les  above  Haverhill,  and  on  the  Boston,  Concord  & 
^  real  Railroad,  89  miles  N.N.W.  of  Concord.  It  has  3 
CDtibes,  3  saw-mills,  1  or  2  grist-mills,  Ac. 

>rth  Hav'erstraw,  a  station  in  Rockland  co.,  N,Y., 
on  le  New  Jersey  Js  New  York  Railroad,  1  mile  S.  of 
6tc  Point. 

rth  He'bron,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hebron  township, 


AVashington  co.,  N.Y.,  10  miles  N.  of  Salem.  It  has  a 
church,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  slate-factory. 

North  Hec'tor,  a  post-village  in  Hector  township, 
Schuyler  co.,  N.Y.,  on  tho  E.  shore  of  Seneca  Lake,  about 
30  miles  N.  of  Elmira.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill. 

North  Heidelberg,  hl'd^l-berg,  a  post-township  of 
Berks  co..  Pa.,  about  10  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Reading,  P,  979 

North  Hemp'stead,  a  township  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y. 
Pop.  7199. 

North  Hen'derson,  a  post-township  in  North  Hen- 
derson township,  Mercer  co..  111.,  with  a  station  on  the 
Rockford,  Rock  Island  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  16 miles  N.N.E 
of  Monmouth.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1062, 

North  Her'mon,  a  post-office  in  Ilermon  township, 
Penobscot  co.,  Mo.,  6  or  6  miles  N.W.  of  Bangor. 

North  He'ro,  township,  Redwood  co.,  Minn.     P.  175. 

North  Hero,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Grand  Isle  co., 
Vt.,  is  on  an  island  in  Lake  Champlaiti,  about  10  miles  W. 
of  St.  Albans,  and  14  miles  N.E.  of  Plattsburg,  This  island 
constitutes  the  township  of  North  Hero,  and  is  12  miles 
long.     Pop.  of  the  township,  601. 

North  Hins'dale,  a  post-village  in  Hinsdale  town- 
ship, Cheshire  co.,  N.H.,  3  miles  E.  of  Brattleborougb,  Vt. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

North  HolMand  CDatchfNoordholland,  nont-hol'Unt), 
a  province  of  tho  Netherlands,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  tho 
Zuyder  Zee,  and  on  the  AV.  by  tho  North  Sea.  It  is  a 
peninsula  situated  between  lat.  62°  10'  and  53°  N.  and  Ion. 
4°  30'  and  5°  20'  E.  Area,  1054  square  miles.  The  sur- 
face is  flat,  and  much  of  it  is  below  the  level  of  the  sea, 
against  which  it  is  protected  by  artificial  dikes  and  a  lino 
of  natural  dunes  or  downs.  It  is  intersected  by  several 
canals  and  railroads.  Cattle-rearing  is  the  chief  branch  of 
rural  industry.  It  has  varied  and  extensive  manufactures 
Chief  towns,  Amsterdam,  Haarlem,  Alkmaar,  Zaandam,  and 
Hoorn.     Pop.  in  1890,  844,488. 

North  Ho'mer,  a  part  of  the  township  of  South  Ho- 
mer, Champaign  co..  111. 

North  Hoo'sic,  a  post-village  in  Hoosic  township. 
Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Walloomsac  River,  and  on  the 
Troy  <t  Boston  Railroad,  33  miles  N.E.  of  Albany.  It  hai 
1  or  2  paper-mills  and  a  manufactory  of  cassimeres.  Pop. 
about  400. 

North  Hope,  Butler  co..  Pa,    See  Nonrn  AVashington. 

North  Houston,  hu'8t(?n,  a  hamlet  in  Loramie  town- 
ship, Shelby  co.,  0.     Pop.  44. 

North  Ilud'son,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
North  Hudson  township,  about  100  miles  N.  of  Albany. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery.  Tho  township  is  occupied 
by  Dix's  Peak  and  other  peaks  of  the  Adirondacks,  and  con- 
tains several  lakes.     Pop.  of  the  township,  720. 

Nortii  Hudson,  a  post-village  of  St.  Croix  co..  Wis., 
on  Lake  St.  Croix,  1  mile  N.  of  Hudson.  It  has  2  flour- 
mills,  and  machine-shops  of  the  AA'est  AA'isconsin  Railroad. 

North  Huut'ingtou,  a  township  of  AVestmoreland 
CO.,  Pa.     Pop.  3493. 

North  Ilu'ron,  a  post-village  in  Huron  township, 
AVayne  co.,  N.Y.,  about  1  mile  from  Lake  Ontario,  and  24 
miles  S.AV.  of  Oswego.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

North  Hyde  Park,  a  post- village  in  Hyde  Park  town- 
ship, Lamoille  co.,  Vt.,  4  or  5  miles  N.  of  Hyde  Park,  and 
about  30  miles  N.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  manufactures  of 
butter-tubs  and  lumber. 

North  In^dianap'olis,  a  post- village  of  Marion  co,, 
Ind.,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  &  Lafayette  Railroad, 
at  the  junction  of  the  Belt  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  India- 
napolis, It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  chair-fao- 
tory,  a  planing-mill,  a  wagon-shop,  <tc. 

North  In'dustry,  a  post-village  in  Canton  township, 
Stark  CO.,  0.,  3i  miles  S.  of  Canton.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
grist-mill,  and  2  saw-mills. 

North  Ir'ving,  a  post-office  of  Barry  co.,  Mich,,  about 
44  miles  AV.  of  Lansing. 

North  Islcborough,  irbilr-ruh,  a  post-village  in 
Isleborough  township,  AValdo  co..  Me.,  on  an  island  in 
Penobscot  Bay,  about  9  miles  S.E.  of  Belfast.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  steamboat-landing. 

North  Jack'son,  a  post-village  in  Jackson  township, 
Mahoning  co.,  0.,  about  12  miles  AA'',  of  Youngstown,  It 
has  several  churches,  a  tannery,  2  steam  saw-mills,  Ac. 
Pop.  about  300. 

North  Jackson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Susquehanna  oo,. 
Pa.,  about  24  miles  N.  of  Carbondale. 

North  Jas'per,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  4 
miles  S.AV.  of  Cameron  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  saw- 
mill and  a  planing-mill. 


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North  Jnv'n,  a  p(«t-villngo  in  Jnva  townsliip,  Wyo- 
ming cu.,  N.Y.,  14  iiiilus  S.  of  AtlicA,  and  about  <i2  luiles 
£.S.K.  of  DufTulo.     It  ha«  2  churclios. 

North  Jny,  a  pust-villago  in  Jay  township,  Franklin 
00.,  Me.,  on  the  Androaooggin  division  of  tho  Maine  Cen- 
tral Kailrond,  12  milca  S.  of  Faruiington,  and  about  40  miles 
N.  of  Lewiston. 

North  Jog'giits,  a  post-(iettlement  in  Westmoreland 
eo..  Now  Urunt<wick,  17  miles  from  Saokville.     Pop.  150. 

North  Jiid'soii,  a  pust-villago  in  Wuyno  township, 
8tarke  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Chicago 
with  Logan!>]>ort,  77  milee  S.E.  of  Chicago.  It  bos  2 
obnrches.     Pop.  115. 

North  Jutland,  Denmark.    Sec  .Tiitland. 

North  Kcp'pel,  a  nost-village  in  Groy  oo.,  Ontario,  19 
miles  N.  of  Owen  Sound.     Pop.  120. 

North  Keys,  kcez,  post-otBce,  Prince  George's  co.,  Md. 

North  Kiiigs'ton,  a  hamlet  of  De  Xalb  co..  III.,  about 
20  miles  E.S.K.  of  Ilockford. 

North  KingH'town,  a  township  of  AVashington  oo., 
B.I.  Pop.  3949.  It  contains  Ailcnton,  Dellville,  Dnvis- 
villo,  Hamilton,  Lafnyctto,  NArnigansett  Mills,  Shady  Loa, 
Silver  Spring,  Slocnmville,  AViokford,  Ao. 

North  Kings'ville,  a  post-village  in  Kingsville  town- 
ship, Ashtabula  co.,  0.,  near  Lake  Erie,  on  the  Lake  Shore 

6  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  60  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cleve- 
land.    It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  Ac. 

North  Kort'right,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co., 
N.Y.,  about  55  miles  W.S.W.  of  Albany. 

North  La  Crosse,  a  former  post-village  of  La  Crosse 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  La  Crosse  River,  at  its 
junction  with  the  Mississippi.  It  now  forms  the  oth  ward 
of  the  city  of  La  Cropse.  It  has  several  churches,  lumber- 
mills,  and  machine-shops.  The  La  Crosse  iron  railroad 
bridge  extends  hence  across  the  Mississippi  to  La  Crescent. 
See  La  Ciiosse. 

North  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Waukesha  co.,  Wis.,  on 
a  small  lake  of  the  same  name,  about  27  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Milwaukee. 

North  Lake,  a  post-settlement  in  York  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick, 17  miles  from  Canterbury  Station.     Pop.  400. 

North  Lake,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  40  miles  from  Georgetown.     Pop.  120. 

North  Lake,  or  Cooks'ville,  a  post-settlement  in 
Westmoreland  co..  New  Brunswick,  12  miles  from  Sackville. 
Pop.  150. 

North  Lake'ville,  a  station  of  tho  Middleborough  & 
Taunton  Railroad,  3  miles  W.  of  Middleborough,  .Mass. 

North  Lamoinc,  lg,-moin',  a  post-office  of  Hancock 
CO.,  Me.,  on  tho  sea-coast,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Bangor, 

North  Lanc'aster,  or  Clair'ville,  a  post-village  in 
Glengarry  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  Beaudettc,  24  miles  N.E.  of 
Cornwall.     It  has  several  stores  and  mills.     Pop.  200. 

North  Land'ing,  a  post-office  of  Norfolk  co.,  Va. 

North  Lan'sing,  a  station  on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  & 
Northern  Railroad,  1  mile  from  Lansing,  Mich. 

North  Lansing,  a  post-hamlet  in  Lansing  township, 
Tompkins  co.,  N.\'.,  on  the  railroad,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Free- 
villo.     It  has  2  churches  and  2  grist-mills. 

North  Law'rence,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  co., 
Kansas,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Kansas  River,  opposite 
Lawrence,  and  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  flouring-mill,  and  3  public  schools. 

North  LaAvrence,  tho  principal  railroad  station  in 
Lawrence,  Mass.,  is  in  the  heart  of  the  city  of  Lawrence. 

North  LaAVrcncc,  a  post-village  in  Lawrence  town- 
ship, St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y^,  on  the  Deer  River,  and  on  the 
Ogdensburg  &  Lake  Champlain  Railroad  (Lawrence  Sta- 
tion), 20  miles  W.  of  Malone.  It  has  a  money-order  post- 
office,  several  saw-mills,  4  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
pails,  tubs,  &c. 

North  Lawrence,  a  post-village  in  Lawrence  town- 
ship, Stark  CO.,  0.,  on  tho  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago 
Railrcad  (Lawrence  Station),  19  miles  E.  of  Wooster,  and 

7  miles  W.  of  Massillon.   It  has  a  church  and  2  coal-mines. 
Pop.  in  1890,  837. 

North'leach,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  20  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Gloucester.  Pop.  901.  It  has  a  handsome  church, 
a  gramra.ar-school,  and  some  manufactures  of  woollens. 

North  Leb'anon,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co..  Me., 
about  42  miles  W.S.W.  of  Portland. 

North  Lebanon,  township,  Lebanon  co.,  Pa.  P.  2263. 

North  Lee,  a  post-office  in  Lee  township,  Penobscot 
CO.,  Me.,  about  50  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bangor. 

North  Leeds,  a  post-bamlet  in  Leeds  township,  An- 
droscoggin CO.,  Me.,  on  tho  Maine  Central  Railroad,  29 
miles  S.  of  Farmington,  and  about  20  miles  W.  of  Augusta. 


North  Leeds,  a  post-hnmlet  in  Leeds  township,  Co. 
lumbiu  CO.,  Wis.,  about  20  milca  X.  of  Madisuu,  and  '6  milu 
N.E.  of  Arlington  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

North  Leominster,  lem'in-stfr,  a  po8t-villog«  io 
Leominster  township,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  tliu  Nni-bua 
River  and  tho  Fitchburg  Railroad,  4  or  5  miles  S.E.  uf 
Fitchburg.     It  has  a  church,  a  ]iaper-mill,  a  t-innory,  Ac. 

North  Lev'crett,  a  post-village  in  Lcvcrolt  township, 
Franklin  oo.,  Mass.,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Springfield.  U 
has  a  church  and  1  or  2  saw-mills. 

North  Lcwisburg,  Ohio.    Sec  Lewisbutio. 

North  Lcx'ingtou,  a  station  of  the  St.  Louis,  Kantni 
City  &  Northern  Railroad,  on  tho  N.  bank  of  tho  Missouri 
River,  opposite  Lexington,  8i  miles  S.E.  of  Richmond,  Mo. 

Nortii  Lib'erty,  a  post-village  in  Liberty  town»hi|i, 
St.  Joseph  CO.,  Ind.,  15  miles  S.W.  of  South  Hend.  It  but 
3  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop,  84fi. 

North  Liberty,  a  post-village  in  Penn  township 
Johnson  co.,  Iowa,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Tiffin  Station,  nnd  uboul 
8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Iowa  City.     It  has  2  churches. 

North  Liberty,  a  village  of  Adams  oo.,  0.,  in  Wayn« 
township,  24  miles  S.  of  Hillsborough,  It  bos  2  ohnrefaes 
a  flour-mill,  &o.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Cherri 
Fork. 

North  Liberty,  a  post-village  in  Pike  township,  Knoj 
CO.,  0.,  about  1 1  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Mount  Vernon.  It  hu 
2  churches.     Pop.  about  200. 

North  Liberty,  a  post-hamlet  in  Liberty  township 
Mercer  co..  Pa.,  about  IC  miles  E.N.E.  of  New  Castle. 

North  Lima,  Mahoning  co.,  0.    See  Lima. 

North  Lim'ington,  a  post-offico  of  York  oo.,  Me. 
about  2f)  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Portland. 

North-Lined  (north'lTnd)  Lake,  or  Island  Lake 
a  lake  of  British  America,  on  the  "  line"  or  limit  where  thi 
woods  disappear  in  consequence  of  the  high  latitude. 

North  Linn'dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brooklyn  town 
ship,  Cuyahoga  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cleveland,  Columbus,  Cinoin 
nati  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  about  4  miles  S.W.  of  Cleve 
land.     It  has  a  foundry. 

North  Lin'neus,  a  post-hamlet  of  Aroostook  eo.,  Mo. 
about  7  miles  S.W.  of  Houlton.     It  has  a  church. 

North  Lis'bon,  a  post-hamlct  in  Lisbon  township 
Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  AVhito  Mountain  Railroad,  10; 
miles  N.  of  Concord.     It  has  manufactures  of  lumber,  4c. 

North  Litch'iield,  a  post-hamlct  of  Herkimer  coj 
N.Y.,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Utica.     It  has  a  cheese-factory. 

North  Lit'tlcton,  a  post-office  of  Grafton  co.,  N.IL 
on  tho  Connecticut  River,  about  45  miles  N.  of  Plymouth. 

North  Liv'erraore,  a  post- village  in  Livormore  town 
ship,  Androscoggin  co..  Me.,  about  26  miles  N.of  Lewistoo 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  high  school. 

North  Lon'dondcrry,  a  post-office  of  Rockinghai 
CO.,  N.II.,  on  the  Manchester  &  Lawrence  Railroad,  6  mile 
S.E.  of  Manchester. 

North  Loup,  a  post-office  of  Valley  co.,  Neb. 

North  Lovell,  luv'^l,  a  post-office  of  Oxford  co.,  Me. 
about  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lewiston. 

North  Lu'bcc,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  M« 
on  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  about  28  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Calais. 

North  Lyme,  a  post-hamlet  in  Lyme  township,  Net 
London  co..  Conn.,  about  17  miles  S.W.  of  Norwich. 

North  Lyndeborough,  llnd'bur-ruh,  a  post-office  o 
Hillsborough  co.,  N.II.,  about  24  miles  S.AV.  of  Concord. 

North  Lyn'den,a  post-office  of  Aroostook  co.,  Mc,  J 
miles  N.  of  Houlton. 

North  MacGreg'or,  a  post-village  in  Mcndon  town 
ship,  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  and  o 
the  Chicago,  Dubuque  &  Minnesota  Railroad,  1  or  2  mile 
above  McGregor,  and  63  miles  S.  of  La  Crosse.  It  is  all 
tho  E.  terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukc 
&  St.  Paul  Railroad.  It  has  a  graded  school,  and  uianu 
facturcs  of  engines,  boilers,  car-wheels,  and  stoves.  Hw 
a  railroad  pontoon-bridge,  2  miles  long,  crosses  the  river  t 
Prairie  du  Chien,  Wis.    Pop.  in  1890,  1160. 

North  Alad'ison,  a  post-hamlet  in  Madison  townshii 
New  Haven  co.,  Conn.,  about  30  miles  S.  of  Hartford.  J 
has  2  churches. 

North  Madison,  a  post-village  in  Madison  townsbij 
Jefferson  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Jeffersonville,  Miniison  <t  It 
dianapolis  Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of  the  city  of  Miidison.  J 
has  4  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  <te.     Pop.  1007. 

North  Madison,  a  post-office  of  Som-.r8ct  co..  Me.,  1 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Skowhegan.  , 

North  Madison,  a  post-hamlct  in  Madison  towngni|j 
Lake  co.,  0.,  near  Lake  Erie,  2  miles  from  Madison  Rai 
road  Station,  and  about  44  miles  N.E.  of  Cleveland.  The 
are  near  it  3  churches. 


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North  Maho'uingj  a  township  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa. 
Pop.  1203. 

North  Man'chester,  a  post-village  in  Manchester 
itownship,  Hartford  co.,  Conn.,  on  the  New  York  &  New 
'England  llailroad  and  the  llockanuui  River,  10  miles  E.  by 
IN.  of  Hartford.  It  has  .3  paper-mills  and  1  or  2  cotton-mills. 
ji  North  itfanchester,  a  post-village  in  Chester  town- 
'■hip,  Wabash  co.,  Ind.,  on  Eel  River,  and  on  the  Eel  River 
iKailroad  where  it  crosses  the  Cincinnati,  Wabash  &  Michi- 
:gan  Railroad,  37  miles  E.N.E.  of  Logansport,  and  14  miles 
In.  by  E.  of  Wabash  City.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  3 
khurches,  a  high  school,  a  bank,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-inill, 
i»  spoke-faetory,  &e.     Pop.  about  1500. 

North  Maii'heim,  a  township  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa. 
Pop.  2420. 

Nortli  Manitou,  man'e-too,  an  island  of  Lake  Michi- 
'an,  in  Galileo  township,  Manitou  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  91. 
'  North  Man'Iius,  a  post-hamlet  in  Manlius  township, 
Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Chittenango  Creek,  about  10  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  cheese-factory. 
I  North  Mans'lield,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on 
,he  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  7i  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Pittsburg. 

North  Mari'aville,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co.,  Me. 

North  Marsh'field,  a  post-office  of  Plymouth  co., 
tiass.,  about  24  miles  S.E.  of  Boston. 

North  Mid'dleborough,  a  post-village  in  Middle- 
)orough  township,  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  on  Taunton  River, 
.ind  near  Titicut  Station  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  33 
llBiIes  S.  by  E.  of  Boston.  It  has  2  churches  and  2  manu- 
|actoric3  of  shoes.  It  is  in  the  old  precinct  of  Titicut,  and 
Is  often  called  by  that  name. 

j  North  Mid'dletown,  a  post-village  of  Bourbon  co., 
|ly.,  on  Stoncr  Creek,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Paris,  and  about  24 
liiles  E.N.E.  of  Lexington.  It  has  a  bank,  a  female  insti- 
gate, 2  churches,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill.  P.  320. 
I  North  Middletowu,  a  township  of  Cumberland  co., 
[a.    Pop.  1223, 

North  Millbrd,  Kent  co.,  Del.    Sec  MrLFOitD. 

North  Mil 'ford;  a  post-hamlet  in  Penobscot  co.,  Me., 

Costigan  Station. 

North  Milwau'kec,  a  station  of  the  Wisconsin  Cen- 

al  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  South  Milwaukee,  Wis. 
'North  Monmouth,  mon'muth,  a  post-village  in  Mon- 
iauth  township,  Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  near  the  Maine  Cen- 
tal Railroad,  about  18  miles  N.E.  of  Lewiston.     It  has  a 
iurch,  a  tannery,  and  a  manufactory  of  shovel-handles. 

North  Monroe,  miin-ro',  a  post-office  of  Waldo  co., 

e.,  about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Bangor. 

North  Monroe,  a  post-office  of  Grafton  co.,  N.IL,  9  or 
miles  S.  of  St.  Johnsbury,  Vt. 

North  Montpe'lier,  a  post-village  in  East  Montpe- 

r  township,  Washington  co.,  Vt.,  on  a  branch   of  the 

inooski  River,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Montpelier.     It  has  a 

arch,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  organs. 

Vorth  Morcland,  mOr'land,  a  township  of  Wyoming 

,  Pa.    Pop.  831. 

Vorth  Monnt'ain,  Pennsylvania,  is  situated  at  the  N. 
remity  of  Columbia  co.,  being  partly  in  this  and  partly 

■Lycoming  co.     North  Mountain  is  also  the  name  some- 

jics  applied  to  the  northernmost  ridge  of  the  Alleghanies 

'  Pennsylvania,  as  contradistinguished  from   the  South 

:untiiin. 

iorth  Mountain,  a  station  of  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  on 

1  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  13  miles  W.  of  Staunton. 

iorth  Mountain,  a  ridge  extending  along  the  bound- 

i;  between  Shenandoah  co.,  Va.,  and  Hardy  co.,  W.  Va. 

jforth  Mountain,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berkeley  co.,  W. 

'j,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Mar- 
ti iburg.    It  is  on  a  ridge  called  North  Mountain. 

jforth  Mountain,  a  post-settlement  in  Dundas  co., 

<iario,  6  miles  from  Kemptville.     Pop.  100. 

iforth  Mud'dy,  a  township  of  Jasper  co.,  111.     P.  867. 

:[orth  Mur'dcrkill,  a  hundred  of  Kent  co.,  Del. 

fiorth  Nassau,  nas'saw,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rensselaer 

«!  N.Y.,  about  14  miles  S.E.  of  Albany.    It  has  a  church. 

i.  about  150. 
!  orth  Na'tion  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Ottawa  co., 

viboo,  on  the  North  Nation  River,  9  miles  E.  of  Thurso. 

If  as  a  large  trade  in  lumber.     Pop.  300. 
■orth  New'burg,  a  post-hamlet  in   Newburg  town- 

»  ,  Penob.'^cot  co..  Me.,  about  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bangor. 

•I;  as  a  cheese-factory. 
;  orth  Newburg,  a  post-village  in  Shiawassee  town- 

'i'  °^''V^*^sce  CO.,  Mich.,  7  miles  S.  of  Corunna,  and  73 

Ws  N.W.  of  Detroit.     It  has  a  church,  a  union  school,  a 

"'  <»ry,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  250. 


North  New  Castle,  a  post-hamlet  in  New  Castle 
township,  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Bath. 
It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

North  New'lield,  a  post-office  of  York  co.,  Me.,  about 
35  miles  W.  of  Portland. 

North  New'port,  a  post-office  of  Penobscot  co..  Me., 
about  26  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Bangor. 

North  Newport,  a  post-village  in  Newport  township, 
Sullivan  co.,  N.IL,  on  the  Concord  &  Clarcmont  Railroad. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  scythes,  rakes,  &o. 

North  New  Port'land,  a  post-village  in  New  Port- 
land township,  Somerset  co..  Me.,  about  48  miles  N.  by  W. 
of  Augusta.    It  has  several  mills  or  factories,  and  a  church. 

North  New'ry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oxford  co..  Me.,  in 
Newry  township,  about  45  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lewiston. 

North  New  SaMem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co., 
Mass.,  about  36  miles  N.N.E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  saw-mill. 

North  North'field,  a  post-office  of  Cook  co..  111. 

North  Nor'way,  a  post-office  of  Oxford  co..  Me.,  6  or 
7  miles  W.  of  Paris. 

North  Nor'wich,  a  post-village  in  North  Norwich 
township,  Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Chenango  River,  and 
on  the  Syracuse,  Binghamton  &  New  York  and  New  York 
&  Oswego  Midland  Railroads,  48  miles  S.S.W.  of  Utica, 
and  6  miles  N.  of  Norwich.  It  is  also  on  the  Chenango 
Canal,  and  on  the  Utica,  Chenango  &  Susquehanna  Valley 
Railroad.  It  contains  2  churches  and  several  mills.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1027. 

North  Oakfield,  New  York.    See  Mechaxicstille. 

North  Oak'] and,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co..  Pa., 
about  34  miles  N.  by  B.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  church. 

North  Og'den,  a  post-village  of  AVeber  co.,  Utah,  3 
miles  N.  of  Ogden  City.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  corsets  and  leather. 

North  Onslow,  onz'lo,  a  post-village  in  Pontiao  co., 
Quebec,  10  miles  from  Arnprior.     Pop.  100. 

North  Or'ange,  a  post-hamlet  in  Orange  township, 
Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  about  25  miles  AV.  of  Fitchburg.  It 
has  2  churches. 

North  Or'rington,  a  post-hamlet  in  Orrington  town- 
ship, Penobscot  co..  Me.,  near  the  Penobscot  River,  about  5 
miles  S.  of  Bangor. 

North  Or'well,  a  post-hamlet  in  Orwell  township, 
Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  about  18  miles  S.  of  Owego,  N.Y.  It 
has  a  church. 

North  Orwell,  a  post-office  of  Addison  co.,  Vt.,  on  the 
Addison  Railroad,  about  24  miles  N.AV.  of  Rutland. 

North  OsAVe'go,  a  station  in  Kendall  co..  111.,  on  the 
Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  43i  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Chicago. 

North  Ox'ford,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  township, 
AVorcestcr  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Norwich  &  AVorccster  Railroad, 
9  miles  S.S.W.  of  AVorcestcr.  It  has  a  church  and  a  cot- 
ton-factory. 

North  Paler'mo,  a  post-office  of  AValdo  co..  Me.,  21 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Augusta. 

North  Par'is,  a  post-hamlet  in  Paris  township,  Ox- 
ford CO.,  Me.,  2  miles  from  AVest  Paris  Station,  and  about 
24  miles  N.AV.  of  Lewiston.  It  has  a  church,  a  lumber- 
mill,  and  a  chair-factory. 

North  Park,  Colorado,  the  most  northerly  of  the  four 
principal  tracts  known  as  the  Parks  of  Colorado,  is  in 
Grand  co.,  extending  southward  from  the  N.  boundary  of 
the  state.  It  is  oval  in  shape,  is  about  60  miles  in  ex- 
tent from  E.  to  AV.,  and  30  miles  from  N.  to  S.,  occupying 
an  area  of  about  1500  square  miles,  and  is  surrounded  by 
lofty  ranges  of  mountains  covered  with  perpetual  snow, 
one  of  which  separates  it  from  the  Middle  Park.  It  is 
irrigated  by  the  North  Fork  of  the  Platte  River.  Its  sur- 
face is  diversified  by  meadow-tracts  and  timber-lands,  and 
it  abounds  in  deer,  bears,  antelopes,  and  other  gamej  but 
the  climate,  owing  to  its  high  latitude  and  its  elevation 
above  sea-level,  renders  it  unsuitable  for  agricultural  pur- 
suits. Indeed,  there  is  a  frost  there  nearly  every  night, 
and  snow  falls  every  month  in  the  year. 

North  Par'ma,  or  Unionville,  a  post-village  in 
Parma  township,  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Lake  Ontario 
Shore  Railroad,  at  Parma  Station,  10  miles  AV.  of  Charlotte. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Hero  is 
North  Parma  Post-Office.     Pop.  in  1890,  487. 

North  Par'sonfield,  a  post-hamlet  in  Parsonfield 
township,  York  co.,  Jle.,  about  40  miles  AV.  by  N.  of  Port- 
land.    It  has  a  church. 

North  Paw'let,  a  post-office  of  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Pawlet  township,  about  22  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Rutland. 

North  Pel'ham,  a  hamlet  in  Pelham  township.  Hills- 


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borough  00.,  N.II.,  2  milea  S.  of  West  Windham  Station. 
It  hiia  a  woollon-faotory  and  a  grist-iuill. 

North  Pel'hiim,  a  post-village  in  Wclland  oo.,  On- 
Urio,  U  miloa  W.N.W.  of  Port  llobinson.     Pop.  16U. 

North  Pel'la,  a  hamlet  of  Lalie  Prairie  township, 
Marion  oo.,  Iowa,  near  Polla. 

North  Peni'brokc,  a  post-hamlot  of  Plymouth  co., 
Masd.,  about  24  miles  S.E.  of  Boston.  It  has  2  ohurchos, 
and  miinufuuturcs  of  boxes  and  shoes. 

North  Puiiibrokc,  Genesee  co.,  X.Y.  Soo  Moqadorb. 

North  I'eiin,  a  post-ofiiue  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa. 

North  Pcuob'ttcot,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  oo.,  Me., 
about  22  miles  S.  of  I3angor.     Uore  is  a  church. 

North  Per'ry,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Me. 

North  Pe'tersburj;,  a  post-hamlct  of  Ilunssclaer  co., 
K.Y.,  near  the  Iloc-io  llivor,  and  on  the  Ilarlom  Kxtonsion 
Itiiilroad,  near  tbo  crossing  of  the  Troy  &  Boston  Kail- 
road,  S  miles  S.W.  of  Bennington,  Vt.  It  has  a  church. 
It  is  called  Petersburg  on  the  hist-mcntionod  railroad. 

North  Pharsa'lin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chenango  co., 
N.V.,  about  4U  miles  S.S.E.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  2  churches, 
•  grist-mill,  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

North  Pino  Grove,  a  post-hamlot  of  Clarion  co.,  Pa., 
about  27  miles  E.  of  Oil  City. 

North  Pitch'er,  a  post-villago  in  Pitcher  township, 
Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Otselio  lUver,  8  miles  S.W.  of 
Otselio  Station,  and  about  35  miles  S.S.E.  of  Syracuse.  It 
hiu  2  churches,  2  saw-mills,  a  cigar  factory,  <tc. 

North  Pittsford,  Vermont.    See  Pittsford  Qvakry. 

North  Pitts'ton,  a  post-office  of  Kennebec  co.,  Me., 
10  miles  S.S.E.  of  AugusU. 

North  PlainS)  a  post-township  of  Ionia  co.,  Mich. 
Pop.  1803. 

North  Pla'to,  a  post-office  of  Kane  co.,  111. 

North  Platte,  plut,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lincoln 
CO.,  Neb.,  on  the  Union  Pacific  Kailroad,  at  the  junction 
of  the  North  and  South  Forks  of  the  Platte  River,  291 
miles  W.  of  Omaha.  It  has  a  court-house,  several  churches, 
2  newspaper  offices,  a  bank,  a  United  States  land  office, 
«omo  railroad  workshops,  a  brewery,  &o.     P.  (1890)  3055. 

North  Pleas'ureville,  a  post-office  of  Henry  co.,  Ky. 

North  Fiyraouth,  plim'iith,  a  post-office  of  Plymouth 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  sea-coiist,  and  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad, 
2  miles  N.W.  of  Plymouth.  Here  is  a  manufactory  of  ropes 
and  cordage. 

North  Plymp'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Plymouth  co., 
Mass.,  32  miles  S.S.E.  of  Boston.  It  hoa  a  church  and  a 
tack-factory. 

North  Point,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  entrance  to  the 
Patapsco  River,  Md.     On  it  are  two  light-houses. 

North  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ark.,  IC 
miles  WJ^.W.  of  Little  Rock. 

North  Point,  a  post-office  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa.    See 

also  YODNG  WoMANSTOWJf. 

North  Polar  Sea.    Sec  Arctic  Ockan. 

North  Pom'fret,  a  post-hamlct  in  Pomfret  township, 
Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  about  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rutland. 

North  Pora  Island.    See  Se-6eero. 

North'port,  a  post-village  of  Tuscaloosa  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  N.  bank  of  the  Black  Warrior  River,  about  2  miles  N. 
of  Tuscaloosa.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  steam 
mill.     Cotton  is  shipped  hero.     Pop.  604. 

Northport,  a  post-township  of  Waldo  oo..  Me.,  on  the 
W.  side  of  Penobscot  Bay,  about  6  miles  S.  of  Belfast. 
Pop.  902. 

Northport,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Leelanaw  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  W.  shore  of  Grand  Traverse  Bay,  about  3 
miles  from  Lake  Michigan,  and  30  miles  N.  of  Traverse 
City.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber.  Steamboats 
plying  between  Chicsigo  and  Buffalo  call  here.     Pop.  238. 

Northport,  a  post-village  in  Huntington  township, 
SuSblk  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Long  Island  Sound,  and  on  a  branch  of 
the  Long  Island  Railroad,  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Brooklyn.  It 
has  2  hotels,  4  churches,  3  ship-yards,  2  newspaper  offices, 
and  a  brick-yard.  It  is  mainly  supported  by  ship-building, 
oyster-fishery,  and  trade.    Northport  is  also  a  station  name 

for  G KNOT, A. 

Northport,  a  post-village  in  Mukwa  township,  Wau- 
paca CO.,  Wis.,  on  Wolf  River,  and  on  the  Green  Bay  <fe  Min- 
nesota Railroad,  2  miles  W.  of  New  London.  It  has  several 
saw-mills  and  a  stave-factory. 

North  Port,  a  post-village  in  Prince  Edward  co.,  On- 
tario, on  the  Bay  of  Quinte,  12  miles  from  Belleville.  It 
has  2  stores.     Pop.  200. 

North  Pow'der,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baker  or  Union  co., 
Oregon,  on  Powder  River,  about  15  milos  S,  of  La  Grande. 


North  Pow'nal,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  oo..  Mo 
22  milos  N.  of  Portland. 

North  Pownal,  a  post-villago  in  Pownal  tovnihii 
Bennington  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  lloosio  River,  and  on  the  Tro 
<t  Boston  Railroad,  12  miles  N.W.  of  North  Adams, 
has  a  church,  a  cotton-factory,  Ac. 

North  Prairie,  pra'rce,  post-office,  Morrison  co..  Mint 

North  Prairie  Station,  a  post-villago  in  Genesc 
township,  Waukesha  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwauke 
it  St.  Paul  Railroad,  31  miles  W.S.W.  of  Milwaukee, 
has  a  church,  a  hotel,  and  3  stores. 

North  Pres'cott,  a  post-hamlet  in  Prcscott  townih. 
Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  about  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Springflelu 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  palm-leaf  bats. 

North  Prov'idence,  a  township  of  Providence  co, 
R.I.  Pop.  1303.  It  contains  Allendale,  Ccntredalo,  Umy 
stone,  Woodville,  Ac. 

North  Pueblo,  pwdb'lo,  a  station  of  Pueblo  co.,  Col 
on  the  Denver  A  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  42  miles  S.  of  Col 
ormlo  Springs. 

North  Itaisinville,  ri'z^n-vll,  a  post-hamlct  in  Rat 
sinville  township,  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Canada  South 
em  Railroad,  41  miles  S.W.  of  Detroit.     Pop.  70. 

North  llan'dolph,  a  post-villago  in  Randolph  town 
ship.  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  on  a  branch  of  White  River,  about  2 
miles  S.  of  Montpelicr. 

North  liaynioud,  ra'm^nd,  a  post-offico  of  Cumbet 
land  CO.,  Me.,  in  Raymond  township,  about  20  miles  N.  b 
W.  of  Portland. 

North  llaynham,  ran'ham,  a  post-office  of  Bristc 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  o 
Taunton. 

North  Reading,  rSd'ing,  a  post-village  in  Nort' 
Reading  township,  Sliddlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Ipstvic 
River,  and  on  the  Salem  A  Lowell  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  o 
Boston.  It  has  3  churches,  and  a  public  library  kept  i 
Flint  Memorial  Hall.     Pop.  of  the  township,  979. 

North  Reading,  a  post-office  of  Schuyler  co.,  N.Y. 

North  Rcho'both,  a  post-hamlct  of  Bristol  co.,  Man 
8  miles  AV.  of  Taunton.     It  has  2  churches. 

North  Rich'mond,  a  post-hamlct  in  Richmond  town 
ship,  Cheshire  co.,  N.H.,  about  10  miles  S.  of  Kecne. 

North  Richmond,  a  post-office  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0 

North  Ridge,  rlj,  a  post-hamlet  in  Cambria  town^iLif 
Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  about  24  miles  N.  of  Buffalo. 

North  Ridge,  a  post-village  in  Essex  co.,  Ontario,  I 
milos  S.E.  of  Windsor.     Pop.  100. 

North  Ridgeville,rij'vil,  a  post-village  in  RiJgcvill 
township,  Lorain  co.,  0.,  1  mile  from  the  Lake  Shore  < 
Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  and  about  18  miles  W.S.W 
of  Cleveland.     It  has  several  churches  and  a  ebair-factorj 

North  Ridgeway,  rij'wa,  a  post-office  of  Orleans  co. 
N.Y.,  about  15  miles  N.E.  of  Lockport. 

North   River,   Alabama,   rises  in   Fayette  co.,  run 
southward,  and  enters  the  Black  Warrior  River  about 
miles  above  Tuscaloosa. 

North  River,  Iowa,  runs  eastward  through  the  co.". 
Madison  and  Warren,  and  enters  the  Des  Moines  Hive, 
about  10  miles  below  the  city  of  Dcs  Moines.    It  is  ncarlj 
80  miles  long.  ' 

North  River,  a  small  stream  of  Plymouth  co.,  in  tli 
E.  part  of  Massachusetts,  flows  into  the  Atlantic  Ocean. 

North  River,  Missouri,  drains  part  of  Shelby  co.,  runj 
eastward  through  Marion  co.,  and  enters  the  Mississippi 
River  about  8  miles  below  the  city  of  Quincy. 

North  River,  New  York.    See  IIudso-v  Rivkr. 

North  River  rises  in  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  runs  south 
ward  into  Massachusetts,  and  enters  the  Dcerfield  lUvo 
near  Shelburne  Falls. 

North  River,  Virginia,  runs  southeastward  in  Hock 
ingham  co.,  and  unites  with  the  Middle  River  near  Per 
Republic  to  form  the  Shenandoah. 

North  River,  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Virginia.  This  nam- 
is  frequently  applied  to  the  Rappahannock  above  the  mouti 
of  the  Rapidan.  It  is  formed  by  Ilcdgraan'sand  Thornton 
Rivers,  which  unite  on  the  boundary  between  Culpcpor  ant 
Fauquier  cos.    See  Rappafiannock. 

North  River,  of  Hampshire  co.,  W.  Va.,  is  an  afflucn 
of  the  Great  Cacapon  River. 

North  River,  a  post-offico  of  Tuscaloosa  co.,  Ala.,  oi 
a  river  of  its  own  name,  12  miles  N.  of  Tuscaloosa. 

North  River,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co..  Mo.,  o"  ''" 
Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  Railroad,  9  miles  from  Quincy,  III. 

North  River,  a  post-villago  of  Warren  co.,  N.i.. «' 
the  Hudson  River,  and  on  the  Adirondack  Railroad,  61 
milos  N.  by  W.  of  Saratoga  Springs.  It  has  a  church  am 
2  hotels. 


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North  Rivetj  a  post-office  and  station  of  Rockingham 
50.  Va.,  on  the  Valley  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  18  miles  N.  of  Staunton.   Here  is  a  flouring-mill. 

North  River,  a  small  village  in  Queens  co.,  Prince  Ed- 
(vard  Island,  6  miles  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  150. 

North  Uiver  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hampshire  co., 
W.  Va.,  about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cumberland,  Md.  It  has 
I  or  2  flour-mills. 

North  Hobinson,  Kansas.    See  Robinso.v. 

North  llob'inson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich., 
m  the  Chicago  &  Western  Michigan  Railroad,  at  Robinson 
Hation,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Grand  Ilaven.     It  has  a  church. 

North  Uobinson,  or  Uobinson,  a  post-village  of 
'rawford  co.,  0.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago 
lailroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Crestline,  and  6  miles  E.  of  Bucy- 
us.    It  has  5  stores  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  250. 

North  Uoch'ester,  a  post-village  of  Plymouth  co., 
ilass.,  in  Rochester  township,  3  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rock  Sta- 
ion.    It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  200. 

North   Rochester,   a  post-hamlet  of  Strafford  co., 
\MI.,  in  Rochester  township,  on  the  Eastern  or  Conway 
laiiroad,  at  Ilaj'es  Station,  5  miles  N.  of  Rochester. 
•  North  Rome,  a  post-office  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  about 
0  miles  S.E.  of  EIraira,  N.Y. 

North  Ron'aldshay,  the  northernmost  island  of  the 
•rkncys,  Scotland,  2i  miles  N.N.W.  of  Sanda.  Area, 
bout  4  square  miles.  Pop.  481.  A  beacon  on  its  S.  prom- 
ntory  is  in  lat.  59°  29'  N.  and  Ion.  2°  26'  AV. 

North  Rose,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVayne  co.,  N.Y.,  in 

!lose  township,  on  the  Rome,  Watertown   &  Ogdensburg 
laiiroad,  .SI  miles  S.W.  of  Oswego.    It  has  a  warehouse,  &c. 
North  Roy'alton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Royalton  town- 
hip,  Cuyahoga  co.,  0.,  about  12  miles  S.  of  Cleveland.     It 
as  a  cheese-factory. 
.  North  Riim'ford,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rumford  township, 
xford  CO.,  Me.,  about  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lewiston. 
North  Ru'pert,  a  post-office  of  Bennington  co.,  Vt. 
North  Rush,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
ush  township,  1  mile  from  Scottsville  Station,     It  has  a 
mrch. 

North  Rus'sell,  a  post-office  of  St.  Lawrence  co., 
.Y.,  7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Canton. 

North  Rut'land,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rutland  township, 
orcester  co.,  Mass.,  19  miles  N.AV.  of  Worcester.     It  has 
church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 
:  North  Saint  Louis,  a  post-office  of  St.  Louis  co., 
to.,  is  a  branch  of  the  St.  Louis  Post-Office. 
!  North  Sa'l em,  a  post- village  in  Eel  River  township, 
cndricks  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Walnut  Fork  of  Eel  River, 
>out  30  miles  W.N. W.  of  Indianapolis.    It  has  3  churches, 
graded  school,  and  2  flour-mills.     Pop.  2(51. 
North   Salem,  a  post-hamlot  of   Linn   co..  Mo.,  in 
irth  Salem  township,  on  Yellow  Creek,  about  34  miles 
E.  of  Chillicothe.   It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  of  the  town- 
ip,  953. 

'North  Salem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham  co., 
in.,  3  miles  from  East  Dcrry  Station,  and  about  16  miles 
fE.  of  Manchester.  It  has  a  church  and  manufactures  of 
'icking,  shoddy,  <fec. 

North  Salem,  a  post- village  in  North  Salem  township, 
estchcster  co.,  N.Y.,  about  50  miles  N.N.E.  of  New  York 
y.  It  has  several  churches.  The  township  is  bounded 
the  W.  by  the  Croton  River.  It  has  6  churches,  and 
itains  a  village  named  Croton  Falls,  which  is  on  the  New 
rk  i,  Ilarlcra  Railroad.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1587. 
North  Salem,  a  post-hamlct  of  Guernsey  co.,  0.,  2 
rlcs  from  Kimbolton  Station,  and  about  30  miles  E.N.E. 
j  Zanesville.     Pop.  93. 

north  San'bornton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sanbornton 
jrnship,  Belknap  co.,  N.II.,  about  25  miles  N.  of  Concord. 
?has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

■Vorth  San  Diego,  de-a'go,  a  post-town  of  San  Diego 
' ,  Cal.,  on  the  Pacific,  2  miles  N.W.  of  San  Diego.  It  has 
^hurches  and  2  hotels.  The  houses  are  built  of  adobes. 
!  Vorth  Sand'wich,  a  post-village  in  Sandwich  town- 
p,  Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  24 
[  03  E.N.E.  of  New  Bedford.  It  has  a  church,  a  foundry, 
!  I  an  axe-factory. 

jforth  Sandwich,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sandwich  town- 
Ip,  Carroll  co.,  N.II.,  about  24  miles  N.  of  Laconia.  It 
';'■  2  churches. 

[iforth  San'dy,  a  post-offico  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  about 
miles  AV.  of  Franklin. 

•forth  San'ford,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sanford  township, 

.'lome  CO.,  N.Y.,  8  miles  N.  of  Deposit.  It  has  2  churches. 

forth  San  Juan,  san-hoo-ln',  a  post-village  of  Ne- 

"  a  CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  Middle  Yuba  River,  12  miles  N.N.A7. 


of  Nevada,  and  about  14  miles  N.  of  Grass  Valley.  It  ha» 
2  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  &o.  Gold  is  found 
here,  and  grapes  are  cultivated  for  wine. 

North  Scituate,  sit'u-at,  a  post-village  of  Plymouth 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  24  miles 
S.E.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  manu- 
factures of  boots,  shoes,  <fec. 

North  Scituate,  a  post-village  in  Scituate  township. 
Providence  co.,  R.I.,  10  miles  AV.  of  Providence.  It  has  a 
school  called  the  Lapham  Institute,  a  bank,  a  cotton-mill, 
and  2  churches.     Pop.  698. 

North  Scri'ba,  a  post-hamlet  in  Scriba  township,  Os- 
wego CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  railroad  between  Oswego  and  Pu- 
laski, 8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Oswego.     It  has  2  churches. 

North  Sea,  or  Ger'man  Ocean  (Ger.  DeutscTiei 
Meer,  doitsh'§s  maiR;  Dutch,  Nord  Zee,  noRt  zi;  Fr.  Mer 
du  Nord,  main  dii  noRj  anc.  German'icum  Ma' re,  or  Gcr- 
man'icns  Oce'anits),  an  arm  or  portion  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean, 
extending  from  the  Strait  of  Dover  to  the  Shetland  Islands, 
bounded  E.  by  Norway  and  Denmark,  S.  by  Prussia,  the 
Netherlands,  Belgium,  and  France,  and  AA'.  by  the  British 
Islands.  Length,  700  miles;  extreme  breadth,  420  miles. 
On  the  N.E.  it  forms  a  wide  arm  called  the  Skager-Rack,  60 
miles  broad,  which  separates  Norway  from  Denmark.  This 
again  communicates  southward  with  the  Cattegat,  a  great 
arm  between  Sweden  and  Denmark,  and  the  Cattegat  com- 
municates with  the  Baltic  by  the  3  straits  called  the  Sound, 
or  Ore  Sund,  and  the  Great  and  Little  Belts.  The  shores 
of  all  the  countries  that  surround  the  North  Sea  are  deeply 
indented  with  bays  and  arms.  The  water  is  deepest  on  the 
Norwegian  side,  where  the  soundings  give  190  fathoms ; 
but  the  mean  depth  of  the  whole  basin  may  be  stated  at 
no  more  than  31  fathoms.  The  bed  of  this  sea  is  traversed 
by  several  enormous  banks,  one  of  which,  occupying  a  cen- 
tral position,  trends  from  the  Firth  of  Forth,  Scotland,  in 
a  N.E.  direction,  to  a  distance  of  110  miles;  others  run 
from  Denmark  and  Jutland  upwards  of  105  miles  to  the 
N.AV. ;  while  the  greatest  of  all,  the  Dogger  Bank,  occu- 
pies the  centre  of  the  sea,  from  lat.  54°  10'  to  57°  24'  N. 
and  Ion.  1°  to  6°  7'  E.  The  great  oceanic  tidal  wave  which 
originates  in  the  Atlantic,  having  swept  the  AV.  coasts  of 
Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  enters  the  N.  extremity  of  the 
North  Sea,  giving  high  water  nearly  simultaneously  to  the 
opposite  shores  of  Scotland  and  Norway.  Pursuing  its 
course  along  the  coasts  of  the  former  and  of  England,  on 
which  it  strikes  very  directly  and  with  great  force,  it  rules 
the  tides  as  far  S.  as  the  Thames,  making  the  tour  of  Great 
Britain  in  18  hours.  It  determines  also  the  tides  of  Bel- 
gium from  Ostend  to  Dnnkirk,  and  does  not  cease  to  affect, 
though  it  does  not  rule,  the  tides  of  the  continent  through 
the  Channel.  On  entering  the  North  Sea  on  the  N.  of  Scot- 
land, the  tidal  wave  does  not  exceed  12  feet,  but  gradually 
increases  to  14,  16,  18,  and,  on  the  Humber,  to  20  feet, — a 
difference  of  height  depending  on  the  figure  of  the  shore, 
the  form  of  the  bottom,  and  the  direction  of  incidence  of 
the  wave.  The  fisheries  in  this  sea  are  extensive,  as  well 
on  the  Dogger  Bank,  celebrated  for  its  cod-fishery,  as  on  nil 
the  shores  that  bound  it;  they  are  still  greater  at  its  N. 
extremity,  towards  the  Orkney  and  Shetland  Isles. 

North  Sea,  a  hamlet  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  N. 
of  Southampton,  and  near  Pcconic  Bay. 

North  Searsmont,  seerz'mont,  a  post-hamlet  of  AValdo 
CO.,  Me.,  10  miles  AV.  by  S.  of  Belfast. 

North  Searsport,  seerz'port,  a  post-offico  of  AA''aldo 
CO.,  Me.,  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Belfast. 

North  Sedg'Avick,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sedgwick  town- 
ship, Hancock  co..  Me.,  on  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  about  24  miles 
S.E.  of  Belfast.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

North  Sen'eca,  a  post-village  in  Haldimand  co.,  On- 
tario, 11  miles  S.AV.  of  Hamilton.     Pop.  200. 

North  SeAv'ickley,  a  post-township  of  Beaver  co., 
Pa.,  3  miles  from  Homewood  Station,  and  about  30  miles 
N.AV.  of  Pittsburg,  is  bounded  on  the  AV.  by  the  Beaver 
River,     Pop.  1108. 

North  Shade,  a  township  of  Gratiot  co.,  Mich.  P.  1003. 

North  Shapleigh,  shap'lee,  a  post-hamlet  in  Shap- 
leigh  township,  York  co..  Me.,  about  35  miles  AV.  by  S.  of 
Portland.     It  has  a  church  and  a  woollen-mill. 

North  Sheffield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0., 
about  65  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cleveland. 

North  Shel'don,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  A't., 
on  the  Missisquoi  River,  and  on  the  Eastern  division  of  the 
Central  A'ormont  Railroad,  13  miles  N.E,  of  St.  Albans. 

North  Shenan'go,  a  hamlet  in  North  Shcnango  town- 
ship, Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  near  the  Erie  &  Pittsburg  Railroad, 
about  S  miles  AV.  by  S.  of  Meadville.  The  township  con« 
tains  a  village  named  Espyville,  and  a  pop.  of  901. 


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2022 


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North  Sher'bnme,  »  port-offloe  of  Rutland  oo.,  Vt., 
12  milos  N.B.  of  Rutliind. 

North  Shrews'bnry,  ft  post-hamlet  of  Rutland  oo., 
Vt.,  about  11  miles  S.E.  of  Rutland.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  stcnui  saw-mill. 

North  Side,  a  post-offloo  of  Goochland  oo.,  Va.,  on  the 
James  Kivor  Canal,  33  milos  W.  of  Richmond. 

North  Sid'ncy,  a  post-offloe  of  Kennobco  oo..  Me. 

North's  Lnnd'ing,  a  j)Ogt-hamlot  of  Switzerland  oo., 
Ind.,  in  llandoliih  township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  12  miles 
S.  of  Aurora.     It  has  2  churches. 

North's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  about 
24  miles  S.  of  Mcadville. 

North  Smith'fleld,  a  townshio  of  Providence  co., 
R.I.  Pop.  2797.  It  contains  Brancn  Village,  Forestdale, 
Slatorsville,  Watorford,  and  a  part  of  Blackstone. 

North  So'lon,  a  post-village  of  Cuyahoga  co.,  0.,  2 
miles  from  Randall  Station  of  the  Mahoning  diviKion  of 
the  Atlantic  A  Great  AVestem  Railroad.     It  has  a  church. 

North  Somerset,  a  large  island  of  the  Arctic  Ocean, 
directly  N.  of  Boothia,  having  Barrow  Strait  on  the  N. 

North  Soin'crville,a  village  in  Somerville  township, 
MiiKllcscx  CO.,  Mass.,  about  4  miles  N.W.  of  Boston. 

North  Spar'tn,a  post-hamlct  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Groveland  anJ  Sparta  townships,  on  a  branch  of  the 
Erie  Railroad  (at  McNair  Station),  8  miles  N.  of  Doms- 
villo.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  eaw-mill. 

North  Spen'cer,  a  hamlet  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  5 
3iilcs  from  Spencer  Station. 

North  Spencer,  a  post-office  of  Tioga  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Geneva,  Ithaca  &  SajTC  Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of  Ithaca. 

North  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyoming  co.,  W.  Va., 
40  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Quinnimont.     It  has  a  church. 

North  Spring'flcld,a  post-village  of  Greene  co..  Mo., 
on  the  Atlantic  &  Pacific  Railroad,  li  miles  N.  of  Spring- 
field. It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  flour-mill,  and  machine- 
shops  of  the  railroad.     Pop.  about  1200. 

North  Springfield,  a  post-office  of  Summit  co.,  0.,  6 
or  7  miles  S.E.  of  Akron. 

North  Springfield,  a  post-village  in  Springfield  town- 
ship, Eric  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Lnko  Shore  Railroad,  near  Lake 
Erie,  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Erie,     It  has  an  academy. 

North  Springfield,  a  post-haralot  in  Springfield  town- 
ship, Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  on  Black  River,  about  32  miles  S.E. 
of  Rutland. 

North  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Jackson'co.,  Tenn. 

North  Stam'ford,  a  post-village  in  Stamford  town- 
ship, Fairfield  co.,  Conn.,  about  20  miles  W.  by  S.  of 
Bridgeport. 

North  Stan'bridge,  a  post-village  in  Missisquoi  co., 
Quebec,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Stanbridge  Station.     Pop.  250. 

North  Star,  a  post-village  of  Gratiot  co.,  Mich.,  in 
North  Star  township,  about  38  miles  N.  of  Lansing. 

North  Star,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Minn.     P.  151. 

North  Star,  a  post-hamlet  of  Martin  co.,  Minn.,  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Fairmont. 

North  Star,  a  post-hamlet  of  Darke  co.,  0.,  10  miles 
N.N.W.  of  \'ersailles.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

North  Star,  a  post-hamlct  in  North  Fayette  township, 
Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  16  miles  W.  of  Pittsburg.  Coal  is 
mined  near  this  place. 

North  Star,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Kickapoo  River,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Boscobel. 

North  Ste'phentown,  a  post-office  of  Rensselaer  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Ilarlem  E.xtension  Railroad,  22  miles  S.  by 
W.  of  Bennington,  Vt. 

North  Sterling,  a  post-office  of  Windham  co..  Conn., 
about  22  miles  N.E.  of  Norwich. 

North  Sterling,  a  hamlet  in  Sterling  township,  Cayuga 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  9  miles  S.W.  of  Oswego,  and  2  miles  from 
Lake  Ontario.     It  has  2  churches. 

North  Stock'holm,a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co., 
N.Y.,  is  at  Knapp's  Station  on  the  Ogdensburg  &  Lake 
Champlain  Railroad,  28  miles  E.  of  Ogdensburg.  It  has  a 
steam  saw-mill  and  2  stores. 

North  Sto'nington,  a  post-village  and  township  of 
New  London  co.,  Conn.,  about  14  miles  N.E.  of  the  city  of 
Now  London.     It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  1759. 

North  Stoughton,  sto't9n,  a  post-village  In  Stongh- 
ton  township,  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Rail- 
road, 17  miles  S.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  church,  and  manu- 
factures of  boots  and  shoes. 

North  Strabane,  stra-ban',  a  township  of  Washington 
«o.,  Pa.     Pop.  1273.     It  has  beds  of  coal. 

North  Strarford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Strafford  co., 
N.II.,  about  18  miles  N.AV.  of  Dover. 

North  Strafford  (Coos  Post-Office),  a  village  of  Strat- 


ford township,  CooB  CO.,  N.II.,  on  the  Connecticut  Rlvei 
and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  15  miles  y.K.  of  ]g|nQ 
Pond,  Vt.  It  has  3  hotels,  a  church,  and  manufacturei  o 
starch  and  lumber.     Here  is  a  long  railroad  bridge. 

North  Stukcley,  stnk'lce,  a  post-village  in  Sheffiel 
CO.,  Quebec,  14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Waterloo.     Pop.  100. 

North  Snbnrb'an  Town,  a  northern  suburb  of  Cal 
cutta.     Pop.  27,263. 

North  Sud'bury,  a  post-hamlct  of  Middlesex  oo 
Mass.,  on  the  Boston,  Clinton  «k  Fitchburc  Railroad  1 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Lowell.  ' 

North  Sut'ton,  a  post-village  in  Sutton  townshir 
Merrimack  co.,  N.IL,  4  miles  W.  of  Mount  Kearsarge,  an 
about  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Concord.     It  has  a  church.' 

North  Sutton,  a  post-village  in  Bromoco.,  Quebec,  1 
miles  N.  of  Richford,  Vt.     It  has  2  stores.     Pop.  200.  ' 

North  Swansea,  swOn'zee,  a  post-hamlet  of  IMrU 
CO.,  Mass.,  in  Swansea  township,  8  or  9  miles  S.E.  of  Prot 
idcncc,  R.I. 

North  Syd'ney,  a  seaport  town  of  Nova  Scotia,  co.  o 
Cane  Breton,  on  the  N.W.  arm  of  Sydney  Harbor,  18  mile 
N.W.  of  Sydney.  It  contains  a  number  of  stores,  seven 
tanneries,  a  boot-  and  shoe-factory,  a  marine  railway,  nn 
several  ship-yards.  It  is  a  port  of  entry.  Large  quant 
tics  of  coal  are  shipped  from  here.     Pop.  1000. 

North  Tarrytown,  Now  York.    See  Bkf.kmaiitowx 

North  Taychee'dah,  a  post-hamlct  of  Fond  du  Lr 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Lake  Winnebago,  7  miles  N.l 
of  Fond  du  Lac,  and  2  miles  N.  of  Summit  Station.  It  hi 
a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

North  Tem^escal',  a  post-office  of  Alameda  co.,  C» 

North  Tewks'bury,a  hamlet  of  Middlesex  co.,Mn«j 
in  Tewksbury  township,  2  miles  from  the  Boston  i,  Lowe 
Railroad.     It  has  a  church. 

North  Thet'ford,  a  post-village  in  Thctford  townshi, 
Orange  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  and  on  the  Pal 
sumpsic  Railroad,  17  miles  N.N.E.  of  White  River  Jun. 
tion.     It  has  2  churches  and  2  stores. 

North  Tisbury,  tiz'b?r-re,  a  post-hamlet  of  Duk. 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  Vineyard  Sound,  10  miles  S.  of  Wood's  llo' 
and  about  28  miles  S.E.  of  New  Bedford.  It  has  a  chure 
and  a  grist-mill. 

North  Tope'ka,  a  former  post-village  of  Shawnee  cc 
Kansas,  now  the  1st  ward  of  the  city  of  Topeka,  is  on  tl 
N.  hank  of  Kansas  River,  and  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Rai 
ro.ad  where  it  crosses  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  I 
Railroad.     It  has  a  bank,  4  churches,  and  a  rolling-mill. 

North  Towan'da,  a  post-township  of  Bradford  c( 
Pa.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  1  or 
miles  N.  of  Towanda,     Pop.  592. 

North  Tow'er,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Jessamli 
CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  Kentucky  River,  and  on  the  Cincinna 
Southern  Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of  Nicholasville. 

North  Troy,  a  post-village  in  Troy  township,  Orleai 
CO.,  Vt.,  on  the  Missisquoi  River,  and  on  the  Southeastei 
Railroad,  about  60  miles  N.E.  of  Burlington.  It  ha*  f 
academy,  a  newspaper  office,  2  churches,  a  bridge  over  tl 
river,  and  manufactures  of  iron,  lumber,  ic.  P.  (1890)  60 

North  Tru'ro,a  post-village  in  Truro  township,  Ban 
stable  CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  about  60  mil 
by  water  and  114  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Boston,  and 
mile  from  the  ocean.  It  has  a  church  and  facilities  f 
bathing. 

North  Try'on,  a  village  in  Prince  co..  Prince  Edwa: 
Island,  27  miles  from  Charlottetown.  It  contains  a  wooUe: 
factory  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  150. 

North  Tun'bridge,  a  post-village  in  Tunbridgo  towj 
ship.  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  East  Branch  of  White  Rivt 
about  26  miles  S.  of  Montpelier. 

North  Tur'ner,  a  post-village  in  Turner  townshi 
Androscoggin  co..  Me.,  IS  miles  N.  of  Lewiston.  It  ha» 
church  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  wooden  bowls. 

North  Turner  Bridge,  a  post-village  in  Andro| 
coggin  CO.,  Me.,  on  the  Androscoggin  River,  3  miles  froi 
North  Leeds  Station,  and  about  22  miles  W.  of  Augustj 
It  has  a  bridge  over  the  river,  and  a  church.  | 

North  Two  River,  a  small  stream  in  the  N.E.  pnl 
of  Missouri,  runs  through  Marion  co.,  and  enters  the  Mi! 
sissippi  7  miles  below  West  Quincy.  The  South  Two  Riv 
enters  the  Mississippi  half  a  mile  farther  down. 

North  Tync,  a  river  of  England.    Sec  Tv.ne.^ 

Northumberland,  nor-thuni'b?r-land  (L.  AWthunl 
bria),  the  most  northern  county  of  England,  having  N.» 
Scotland,  and  E.  the  North  Sea.  Area,  20 IC  square  mih 
Surface  in  the  AV.  occupied  by  the  Cheviot  Mountains  8i| 
by  wild  moorlands,  spurs  of  which  stretch  eastward  tbrouj 
the  county,  but  are  separated  by  fine  valleys,  which  on  t 


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E  coast  expand  into  broad  level  tracts.  Coast-lino  in  parts 
very  bold  and  rugged ;  in  other  parts  indented  by  noble 
estuaries.  Chief  rivers,  the  Tyne,  Coquet,  Alne,  Blyth, 
Wansbeck,  and  Till.  The  principal  mineral  is  coal,  for  the 
export  of  which  this  county  is  pre-eminently  noted.  Lead 
and  iron  arc  also  wrought.  Manufactures  chiefly  confined 
to  Newcastle.  The  Newcastle  &  Carlisle,  Great  North  of 
En''land,  Newcastle  <fc  Berwick,  and  Caledonian  Railways 
traverse  this  county,  and  many  small  railways  connect  the 
coal-pits  with  the  rivers.  Principal  towns,  Newcastle, 
Tynemouth,  North  Shields,  Alnwick,  Hexham,  ,and  Mor- 
peth. The  N.  and  S.  divisions  of  the  county  each  send  two 
members  to  the  House  of  Commons,  and  its  boroughs  (ex- 
clusive of  Berwick)  send  four  members.  Under  the  Britons 
Northumberland  formed  part  of  the  confederacy  of  the 
Bri^antes;  under  the  Heptarchy  it  formed  a  part  of  the 
kingdom  of  Northumbria.  After  the  Conquest  it  was 
granted  to  the  family  of  Percy,  to  a  descendant  of  whom  it 

still  gives  the  title  of  Duke.     Pop.  in  1891,  506,096. 

Adj.  and  inhab.  Noiithumbrian,  nor-thum'bre-an. 

Northmn'berland,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of 
.'Pennsylvania,  has  an  area  of  about  463  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Susquehanna  River  and  the 
West  Branch  of  that  river,  and  is  intersected  by  the  North 
jBranch  of  the  same.  These  branches  unite  about  1  mile 
labove  Sunbury  in  this  county,  which  is  also  drained  by 
jMahanoyand  Shamokin  Creeks.  The  surface  is  diversified 
iwith  fertile  valleys  and  high,  barren  ridges,  one  of  which  is 
ioalled  Shamokin  Hill.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  hay 
Jare  the  staple  products  of  the  soil.  This  county  has  beds 
^of  limestone  and  mines  of  anthracite  coal,  which  is  the 
tohief  article  of  export.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Northern 
ICentral  Railroad,  the  Wilkesbarre  &  Western  Railroad,  the 
jPennsylvania  Railroad,  and  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading 
jRailroad.  Capital,  Sunbury.  Pop.  in  1870,  41,444;  in 
11880,63,123;  in  1890,  74,698. 

j    Northumberland,  an  eastern  county  ofVirginia,  has 

[ui  area  of  about  180  square  miles.     It  is  bounded  on  the 

IjN.E.  by  the  estuary  of  the  Potomac  River,  and  on  the  E. 

by  Chesapeake  Bay.   The  coast-line  of  this  county  is  marked 

py  many  indentations,  and  the  S.E.  is  intersected  by  the 

iVicomico  River.   The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level, 

md  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.     The  soil 

produces  Indian  corn,  wheat,  <fec.      Capital,   Heathsville. 

i^^op.  in  1870,  6803;  in  1880,  7929;  in  1890,  7885. 

Northumberland,  a  post-village  and   township   of 

'oos  CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  and  on  the  Bos- 

3n,  Concord  &  Montreal  Railroad,  140  miles  N.  of  Concord, 

nd  about  2  miles  E.  of  Guildhall.     It  has  a  church,  and 

lanufactures  of  bobbins,  lumber,  and  leather.     Pop.  955. 

Northumberland,  a  post-village  in  Northumberland 

)wn8hip,  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River,  about 

J  miles  N.  of  Albany,  and  10  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Saratoga 

prings.    The  township  is  intersected  by  the  Rensselaer  & 

aratoga  Railroad,  and  contains  a  village  named  Ganse- 

3ort.    Pop.  of  the  township,  1624. 

Northumberland,  a  post-borough  of  Northumberland 

).,  Pa.,  is  finely  situated  at  the  confluence  of  the  branches 

the  Susquehanna  River,  2  miles  N.  of  Sunbury,  60  miles 

.  of  Ilarrisburg,  and  12  miles  ^V.S.W.  of  Danville.     It  is 

1  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad,  and  is  the  W.  ter- 

inus  of  the  Lackawanna  &  Bloomsburg  Railroad.     It  is 

irrounded  by  beautiful  mountain-scenery,  and  contains  6 

I'  7  churches,  a  national  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  roll- 

Ig-mill,  and  a  steam  saw-ijill.     Pop.  in  1890,  2744. 

Northumberland,  an  extensive  maritime  county  of 

ew  Brunswick,  bordering  on  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence. 

is  drained  by  the  beautiful  river  Miramichi,  forming  at 

i  mouth  the  extensive  harbor  of  the  same  name.     The 

ver  is  9  miles  wide  at  its  mouth,  and  navigable  for  vessels 

the  largest  class  30  miles.    Northumberland  is  one  of  the 

iat  watered  and  most  heavily  timbered  counties  in  New 

Irunswick,  and   its  commerce   is   extensive.     Area,  4760 

uaro  miles.    Capital,  Newcastle.     Pop.  20,116. 

Northum'berland,  a  county  of  Ontario,  lying  on  the 

.  shore  of  Lake  Ontario.     Area,  745  square  miles.     Rice 

(ike  is  in  the  northern  part  of  this  county,  and  numerous 

f  •earns  flow  hence  to  Lake  Ontario.     The  county  is  inter- 

i  itcd  by  the  Grand  Trunk  and  Cobourg,  Peterborough  & 

armora  Railways.     Capital,  Cobourg.     Pop.  39,086. 

Northum'berland  In'let,  British  North  America,  a 

;  y  W.  of  Cumberland  Island  and  N.  of  Frobisher  Strait, 

r  entrance  in  hit.  65°  N.,  Ion.  65°  W, 

!  Northum'berland  Islands  are  off  the  E.  coast  of 

Mstralia.     Lat.  21°  30'  S. ;  Ion.  150°  E. 

Northumberland  Strait,  Canada,  separates  Prince 

teanl  Island  from  New  Brunswick  and  Nova  Scotia. 


Northumbria,  England.    See  NoRTHUMBEnLAND. 

North  Un'derhill,  a  post-office  of  Chittenden  co.,  Vt., 
about  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Burlington. 

North  Union,  yun'yun,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Logansport,  Crawfordsville  <fc  Southwestern 
Railroad,  5  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Crawfordsville. 

North  Union,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co..  Me.,  in 
Union  township,  about  18  miles  N.AV.  of  Rockland. 

North  Union,  a  township  of  Fayette  co..  Pa.    P.  1683. 

North  Union,  a  township  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.  P.  606. 

North  Uniontown,  a  post-hamlet  in  Jackson  town- 
ship. Highland  co.,  0.,  about  40  miles  S.AV.  of  Chillicothe. 

North  U'nity,  a  post-hamlet  of  Leelanaw  co.,  iMioh., 
on  Lake  Michigan,  28  miles  N.W.  of  Traverse  City.  It 
has  a  dock  and  ships  firewood. 

North'up,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gallia  co.,  0.,  about  6  miles 
S.W.  of  Gallipolis.     Pop.  30. 

North  Urbana,  ur-bah'na,  a  post-village  in  Urbana 
township,  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Kcuka  Lake,  3  miles  E.  of 
Ilammondsport,  and  about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Elmira.  It 
has  2  churches. 

North  Ux'bridge,  a  post-village  in  Usbridgc  town- 
ship, Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  near  tlie  Blackstone  River,  and 
on  the  Providence  A  Worcester  Railroad,  18  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Worcester.     It  has  a  church  and  a  cotton-factory. 

North  VaI'ley,  a  hamlet  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  8 
miles  from  Cuba.     It  has  a  church. 

North  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  AVis. 

North  Vas'sal borough,  a  post-village  in  Vassal- 
borough  township,  Kennebec  co..  Me.,  14  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Augusta,  and  2  miles  E.  of  the  Maine  Central  Railroad.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  Ac. 

North  Ver'non,  a  post-village  in  Centre  township, 
Jennings  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio  <fc  Mississippi  Railroad 
where  it  crosses  the  railroad  which  connects  Madison  with 
Columbus,  73  miles  W.  of  Cincinnati,  24  miles  N.N.AV.  of 
Madison,  and  21  miles  S.E.  of  Columbus.  A  branch  of  the 
first-named  railroad  extends  from  this  place  to  Louisville, 
Ky.  It  is  the  largest  village  or  town  in  the  county.  Two 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  It  has  7  churches, 
a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  beer,  chairs,  flour, 
furniture,  and  woollen  goods.     Pop.  in  1890,  2012. 

North  Versailles,  ver-salz',  a  township  of  Alleghany 
CO.,  Pa.     Pop.  2461. 

North  Ve'ta,  a  station  in  Huerfano  co..  Col.,  on  the 
Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  Walsenburg. 

North  Vic'tory,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  I  i 
miles  from  Martville  Station,  and  about  22  miles  N.  by  W. 
of  Auburn.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

North  Vienna,  ve-cn'na,  a  post-office  of  Kennebec  co., 
Me.,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Augusta, 

North  View,  a  post-haralet  and  station  of  Webster 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Atlantic  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  18  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Springfield. 

North  View,  a  hamlet  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  Va.,  about 
12  miles  N.E.  of  Boydton. 

North  Village,  Massachusetts.    See  North  Webster. 

North'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Litchfield  co.,  Conn., 
about  20  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Danbury. 

Northville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Northville  township.  La 
Salle  CO.,  111.,  about  25  miles  S.AV.  of  Aurora,  and  20  milef 
N.N.E.  of  Ottawa.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 1187. 

Northville,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  Iowa. 

Northville,  a  post-village  in  Plymouth  township, 
AVayne  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  AVest  Branch  of  Rouge  River, 
and  on  the  Flint  <fc  Pore  Marquette  Railroad,  27  miles 
AV.N.AV.  of  Detroit,  and  4  miles  N.  of  Plymouth.  It  has  a 
bank,  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  union  school,  2 
flouring-mills,  and  manufactures  of  school-desks,  church 
seats,  and  furniture.     Pop.  in  1890,  1573. 

Northville,  a  village  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.l'.,  in  Genoa 
township,  2  miles  E.  of  Cayuga  Lake,  and  20  miles  S.  by 
AV.  of  Auburn.  It  has  3  churches.  Pop.  about  300.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  and  railroad  station  is  King's  Ferry, 

Northville,  a  post-village  in  Northampton  township, 
Fulton  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Sacondaga  River,  and  on  the 
Fonda,  Johnstown  &  Gloversville  Railroad,  16  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Gloversville.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
leather  gloves  and  of  wooden-ware.     Pop.  in  1890,  792. 

Northville,  a  village  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  near  Long 
Island  Sound,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Riverhead.  It  has  a  church 
and  an  academy.     Here  is  Success  Post-Office.     Pop.  400. 

Northville,  a  post-village  of  Erie  co.,  Pa.,  and  partly 
in  New  York  state,  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  South- 
ern Railroad,  at  State  Line  Station,  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  the 
city  of  Erie.     It  has  a  church. 


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Northville*  »  post-Tillaga  of  Cumberland  oo.,  Tenn.,  5 
milea  £.  of  Crouville.  It  hoa  a  steam  saw-iuill  and  a 
grist-mill. 

North  Vine'land,  a  post-vinago  in  Landin  tovrnship, 
Cumborlivnd  oo.,  N.J.,  on  tho  West  Jersey  Rnilroad,  31 
miles  S.  of  Camden,  and  3  miles  N.  of  Vineland.  It  has  a 
•hurch  and  a  newspaper  ofiice.  Grapes  and  other  fruits  are 
exportuil  from  this  place. 

North  Vol'ncyf  a  post-ofiice  of  Oswego  oo.,  N.Y.,  about 
80  miles  N.N.W.  of  Syracuse. 

North  Wake'flcid,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wakefleld  town- 
ship, Carroll  oo.,  N.II.,  on  tho  Portsmouth,  Qreat  Falls  A 
Cun\Tay  ll^iilroad,  5  milos  S.  of  Ossipoe. 

North  Wakefield,  a  post-village  in  Ottawa  oo.,  Que- 
bec, on  the  river  Gatineau,  27  miles  N.W.  of  Ottawa.  It 
contains  3  stores,  2  hotels,  and  a  telegraph-office.     P.  125. 

North  Wnl'den,  a  post-office  of  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  on 
tho  Portland  &  Ogdcnsburg  Railroad,  about  26  miles  N.E. 
of  Montpelicr. 

North  Waldoborongh,  wol'do-biJr-riSh,  a  post-vil- 
lage in  Wakloborough  township,  Lincoln  co..  Mo.,  about 
22  miles  E.S.E.  of  Augusta. 

North  Wales,  walz,  a  post-borough  of  Montgomery 
00.,  Pa.,  in  Gwyncdd  township,  on  the  North  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  20  milos  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  4  churches, 
an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  a  foundry,  a  planing-mill, 
a  sash-factory,  and  a  pottery.     Pop.  in  1890,  1060. 

North  Wal'pole,  a  post-villago  of  Cheshire  co.,  N.H., 
in  Walpole  township,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  opposite 
Bellows  Falls.     It  has  a  church. 

North  Wal'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y., 
2  miles  from  Mcrricksville  Station,  and  about  80  miles  S.W. 
of  Albany.     It  has  a  church. 

North  War'ren,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Me.,  about 
10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Rockland. 

North  Warren,  a  post-village  in  Conewango  town- 
shin,  Warren  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Dunkirk,  Alleghany  Valley 
&  Pittsburg  Railroad,  2J  miles  N.  of  Warren.  It  has  a 
church,  a  woollen-factory,  and  several  stone-quarries.  A 
state  asylum  for  tho  insane  is  located  here. 

North  Wash'ington,  a  post-village  of  Chickasaw  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Wapsipinicon  River,  about  16  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Charles  City. 

North  Washington,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Me., 
19  miles  E.  of  Augusta. 

North  Washington,  a  post-village  of  Hardin  co.,  0., 
on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad,  at  Wash- 
ington Station,  214  miles  E.  of  Lima.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  saw-mill. 

North  Washington,  a  village  in  Washington  town- 
ship, Butler  CO.,  Pa.,  3  miles  S.  of  Hilliard's  Station.  It  has 
2  churches  and  4  stores.     Here  is  North  Hope  Post-Office. 

North  Washington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland 
CO.,  Pa.,  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

North  Waterborough,  w4't?r-bar-rfih,  a  post-office 
of  York  CO..  Me.,  about  28  miles  W.  of  Portland. 

North  Waterford,  wi't^r-fprd,  a  post-village  in  Wa- 
terford  township,  Oxford  co.,  Me,  about  33  miles  AV.N.W. 
of  Lcwiston.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

North  Wayne,  wan,  a  post-villago  in  Wayne  township, 
Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  about  14  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Augusta. 

North  Wcare,  wair,  a  post- village  in  Weare  township, 
Hillsborough  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Manchester  &  North  Weare 
Railroad,  19  miles  N.W.  of  Manchester,  and  about  12  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Concord.  It  has  a  church,  a  cotton-mill,  a  wool- 
len-mill, and  2  manufactories  of  shoes. 

North  Wcb'8tcr,a  village  in  Webster  township,  Wor- 
cester CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Norwich  &  Worcester  Railroad,  15 
miles  S.  of  Worcester.     It  has  a  cotton-mill. 

North  West,  a  township  of  Orange  co.,  Ind.     P.  879. 

North  West,  a  hamlet  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  on  North 
West  Harbor,  3  miles  E.  of  Sag  Harbor. 

North  West,  a  station  in  Brunswick  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Carolina  Central  Railroad,  15  miles  N.W.  of  AVilmington. 
Pop.  of  North  West  township,  2030. 

North  West,  a  post-hamlct  of  Williams  co.,  0.,  in  North 
West  township,  which  is  the  most  northwestern  part  of  the 
state,  about  15  miles  S.  of  Hillsdale,  Mich.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1521. 

North  West'chester,  a  post-office  of  New  London  co., 
Conn.,  on  the  Boston  <t  New  \ork  Air-Line,  at  Westchester 
Station,  15  miles  E.  of  Middletown.     Here  is  a  paper-mill. 

North  West'ern,  a  post-village  in  Western  township, 
Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Black  River  Canal,  about  20  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Utica.     It  has  a  church. 

North  West  Fork,  a  hundred  of  Sussex  oo.,  Del. 
Pop.  2071. 


North  West'port,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Bristo* 
CO.,  Mass.,  3i  miles  S.E.  of  Fall  River,  on  the  railroad  frou 
Fall  River  to  New  Bedford. 

North-Wcst  Prov'inccs,  a  Hcutonant-governorshii 
of  British  India,  having  tho  Punjab  on  tho  W.  and  N.W. 
tho  Central  Provinces  on  tho  S.,  Bengal  on  tho  E.  ani 
Ncpaul  and  tho  Himalayas  on  tho  N.,  and  including  tin 
divisions  of  Meerut,  Rohilcund,  Agra,  Jhansee,  Allahabnd 
Benares,  and  Kumaon,  to  which,  in  1877,  was  added  tin 
province  of  Oude,  including  tho  divisions  of  Seelnpoor 
Lucknow,  Fyr-abad,  and  Roy  Barcilly.  Total  area  (e.\clu 
sive  of  some  native  tributary  states),  105,395  square  uiilcs 
Capital,  Allahabad.  Pop.  42,001,  J3f).  These  provinces  nn 
called  "  North-West"  with  reference  to  their  position  in  tin 
former  presidency  of  Bengal,  but  the  extensive  province  oi 
the  Punjab  occupies  the  N.W.  part  of  India. 

North-West  Territories,  a  large  poss-ossion  of  thi 
Dominion  of  Canada,  including  all  that  jiortion  of  Britisl 
North  America  outside  tho  provinces  of  Ontario,  Quebuc 
Nova  Scotia,  New  Brunswick,  Manitoba,  British  Columbia 
Prince  Edward  Island,  and  Newfoundland.  It  is  boundw 
on  the  N.  by  the  Arctic  Ocean,  on  the  E.  by  the  Atlantic 
on  the  W.  by  the  Pacific,  and  on  the  S.  by  parts  of  th^ 
Dominion  of  Canada  and  the  United  States.  Area,  2,314, SOI 
square  miles.  Pop.  in  1891,  99,722.  Hudson's  Bay  and  th< 
district  of  Keewatin  divide  it  into  two  portions,  of  whici 
tho  eastern  is  often  called  East  Main. 

This  immense  district  was,  until  1870,  known  as  thi 
Hudson's  Bay  Territory,  and  was  governed  by  the  Hud 
son's  Bay  Company,  by  whom  it  was  divided  into  four  larg« 
departments  or  regions,  subdivided  into  33  districts,  in 
eluding  155  posts.  The  government  was  administered  by  I 
chief  governor  and  council,  and  the  various  departments  bj 
chief  factors  and  chief  traders;  but  in  1869  the  oonipanj 
relinquished  governmental  functions,  and  in  1870  th< 
North-West  Territories  came  into  the  possession  of  tbi 
Dominion  of  Canada,  and  were  made  a  province. 

The  territories  now  outside  Manitoba,  Keewatin,  am 
British  Columbia  are  governed  by  the  lieutennnt-govemo 
of  the  North-West  Territories,  and  by  a  legislative  asscm 
biy  of  22  members.     Bnttleford  is  the  seat  of  governtncnl 

Tho  North-West  Territories  are  watered  by  nuuicron 
lakes  and  rivers.  The  principal  rivers  are  the  Churchill 
Nelson,  Severn,  Albany,  Abbitibbi,  East  Main,  and  Urea 
Whale  Rivers,  flowing  into  Hudson's  Bay ;  the  Mackenzie 
Coppermine,  and  Great  Fish  Rivers,  flowing  into  the  Arctii 
Ocean ;  tho  Saskatchewan,  Assinniboin,  and  Red  Rivers 
falling  into  Lake  Winnipeg;  and  the  Caniapuscaw  am 
Natwakame  Rivers,  falling  into  Hudson  Strait.  The  prin 
cipal  lakes  are  tho  Great  Bear,  Great  Slave,  Athabasca 
Winnipeg,  Manitoba,  Lake  of  the  AVoods,  Winnipcgoos 
Clearwater,  Nelson,  Deer,  Wollaston,  North-Lined,  Mistas 
sini,  and  Abbitibbi. 

The  agricultural  capabilities  of  at  least  500,000  sqaan 
miles  of  the  North-AVest  Territories  are  great.  The  fertili 
belt  of  the  Saskatchewan  alone  contains  an  area  of  64,401 
square  miles,  in  one  continuous  strip  800  miles  long  by  81 
miles  broad.  But  the  best  wheat  area  is  beyond  the  Sas 
katchewan,  viz.,  in  the  valleys  of  the  Athabasca  and  Peaci 
Rivers,  comprising  an  area* of  three  hundred  million  acre 
beyond  the  supposed  limit  of  the  fertile  belt  of  the  North 
West.  The  Saskatchewan  valley  possesses  a  deep  and  riol 
soil  of  vegetable  mould;  and  in  the  western  districts,  whicI 
are  removed  from  the  influence  of  tho  great  lakes,  tbt 
spring  commences  about  a  month  earlier  than  on  the  shore 
of  Lake  Superior.  About  150  miles  E.  of  tho  Rocky  iloun 
tains  the  groat  coal  (or  lignite)  bed  commences.  So  far  ai 
has  been  ascertained,  it  is  over  300  miles  in  width,  am 
extends  continuously  over  16  degrees  of  latitude  to  tbi 
Arctic  Ocean. 

The  Canadian  Pacific  Railway  is  constructed  through  th< 
great  Saskatchewan  country,  and  crosses  the  Rocky  Moan 
tains  through  the  Yellow  Head  Pass,  opening  up  one  of 
tho  richest  countries  on  the  globe.  The  greater  part  of 
the  present  population  is  Indian.  Many  of  the  natives  aril 
prosperous  and  partially  civilized  under  the  training  of  th< 
Episcopalian  and  Roman  Catholic  missionaries.  There  art 
2  Anglican  and  2  Roman  Catholic  bishops  in  the  province 

North  Weymouth,  wa'muth,  a  post-village  in  Wey- 
mouth township,  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  on  MassachusetU  Bay 
and  on  a  branch  of  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  13  miles  S.S.K 
of  Boston.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  booti 
and  shoes.    Settled  in  1624.  ! 

North  Whar'ton,  a  post-office  of  Potter  co.,  Pa.,abou1 
11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Emporium.  ! 

North  White  Creek,  a  village  in  AVhite  Creek  town-i 
ship,  Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Rensselaer  4  Saratogi 


r 


NOR 


2025 


NOR 


;laiIroad,  29  miles  N.E.  of  Troy.  It  is  almost  contiguous  to 
jhe  village  of  Cambridge,  and  contains  several  churches 
'nd  a  national  bank. 
North  White'fieJd,  a  post-village  in  Whitefield  town- 
liip,  Lincoln  eo.,  Me.,  about  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bath. 
North  White'hall,  a  township  of  Lehigh  co.,  Pa., 
bout  6  miles  N.W.  of  AUentown,  is  bounded  on  the  N.E. 
y  the  Lehigh  River.     It  contains  the  villages  of  Coplay, 
ronton,  and  Schnocksville.     Pop.  4170. 
North'wich,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  17i  miles 
.N.E.  of  Chester,  at  a  railway  junction,   on  tho   river 
i^cavor  and  tho  Grand  Trunk  Canal.     It  has  a  church,  a 
rammar-scbool,  a  union  workhouse,  a  branch  bank,  large 
3ck-yards,  very  extensive  manufactures,  and  o.xport8  of 
lit,  obtained  from  contiguous  mines  and  very  productive 
■ine  springs.     Pop.  1244. 

North  Wilbraham,  Mass.     See  Collins'  Depot. 
North    Williamsburg,     wil'yamz-burg     (formerly 
jlell's  Corners),  a  post-village  in  Dundas  co.,  Ontario, 
jmiles  N.  of  Morrisburg.    It  contains  7  stores,  a  tannery, 
fad  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  300. 

(North  Wil'liston,  a  post-village  in  'WilUston  town- 
(lip,  Chittenden  co.,  Vt.,  on  Winooski  lliver,  and  on  the 
Sermont  Central  Railroad  at  Williston  Station,  9  miles  E. 
Burlington.  It  has  a  steam  mill,  a  machine-shop,  and 
butter-tub  factory. 

North  Wil'mington,  a  post-hamlet  in  "Wilmington 
wnship,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  near  a  branch  of  the  Salem 
Lowell  Railroad,  and  at  Wilmington  Station  on  the  Bos- 
m  <fe  Maine  Railroad,  16  miles  N.  by  ^V.  of  Boston.  It 
Its  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

I  North  VVil'ua,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
:  miles  N.E.  of  Watertown. 

North  Wil'ton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wilton  township, 
jiirlield  co..  Conn.,  about  13  miles  S.  of  Danbury. 
JNorth  Wilt'shire,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co.,  Prince 
(Iward  Island,  on  tho  Prince  Edward  Island  Railway,  10 
jles  from  Charlottetown.  Pop.  180. 
jNorth  Win'chester,  a  post-village  in  Dundas  co., 
itario,  2S  miles  from  Wales.  It  contains  2  stores  and  a 
T-mill. 

I^orth  Wind'ham,  a  post-village  of  Windham  co., 
Jan.,  on  tho  Boston,  Hartford  <t  Erie  Railroad,  18  miles 
\  by  W.  of  Norwich,  and  4i  miles  N.E.  of  Willimantic. 
!has  a  church  and  a  cotton-mill.  Pop.  about  220. 
Vorth  Windham,  a  post-hamlet  in  Windham  town- 
p,  Cumberland  co..  Me.,  at  tho  outlet  of  Sebago  Lake, 
iut  18  miles  N.W.  of  Portland. 

<orth  Windham,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windham  co.,  Vt., 
.  'Ut  33  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Rutland. 

jiorth  Win'field,   a  post-hamlet  of   Herkimer  co., 
If.,  about  12  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Utica. 
forth  Win'terport,  a  post-office  of  Waldo  co.,  Me., 
( the  Penobscot  River,  9  miles  below  Bangor. 
forth  Wisconsin  Junction,  a  post-office  of  St. 
(lis  CO.,  Wis.,  at  Hudson  Junction. 
iJorth  Wo'burn,  a  post-village  in  Woburn  township, 
4ldlcse.\  CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston  &  Lowell  Railroad,  12 
ijes  N.N.W.  of  Boston.    It  has  2  churches,  and  manufao- 
^»  of  leather  and  shoes,  also  a  graded  school. 
jforth  Wolcott,  w661'k9t,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wolcott 
t;nship,  AYayne  co.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Fair  Haven. 
lf_as  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  Ac. 

orth  Wolcott,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wolcott  township, 
I  loille  CO.,  Vt.,  about  28  miles  N.N.E.  of  Montpelier. 

orth  Wolf  borough,  woolf 'bur-ruh,  a  post-hamlet 
i:VoU'borough  township,  Carroll  co.,  N.II.,  40  miles  N.E. 
0  loncord. 

orth'wood,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Worth  co., 
I'n,  in  Xorthwood  township,  on  Shell  Rock  River,  and  on 
t:  Central  Railroad  of  Iowa,  20  miles  N.  of  Mason  City, 
ttj  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Austin,  Minn.  It  has  a  newspaper 
Oje,  a  bank,  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  flour-mill, 
f;.  in  ISHO,  869;  of  the  township,  1385. 

orthwood,  a  township  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.H. 
P'  1430.  It  contains  Northwood  Centre,  Northwood 
^rows,  Northwood  Ridge,  and  East  Northwood. 

orthwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Logan  co.,  0.,  about  64 

a  s  N.W.  of  Columbus.    It  is  2  miles  from  Belle  Cetrtre. 

|orth  Wood'berry,  township,  Blair  co..  Pa.   P.  953. 

lorth  Woodbury,  wood'b?r-re,  a  village  of  Morrow 

WiO.,  about  14  miles  S.W.  of  Mansfield.     Pop.  118. 

orth'wood  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Northwood 
^!  ship,  Rockingham  co.,  N.U.,  20  miles  E.  of  Concord, 
tl !  IS  an  academy. 

jsrthwood  Narrows,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham 
•«  N.U.,  about  16  miles  B.  of  Concord. 
128 


Northwood  Ridge,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham 
CO.,  N.H.     Here  is  Northwood  Seminary. 

North  Wood'stock,  a  post-villago  in  AVoodstock 
township,  Windham  co..  Conn.,  3  miles  from  New  Boston 
Station  of  the  New  York  &  New  England  Railroad,  and 
about  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Hartford.  It  has  1  or  2  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  cotton,  carriages,  and  sleighs. 

North  Woodstock,  a  post-offico  of  Oxford  co..  Me., 
about  32  miles  N.W.  of  Lewiston. 

North  Woodstock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grafton  co.,  N.U., 
in  Woodstock  township,  22  miles  N.  of  Plymouth. 

North  Wood'ville,  a  post-office  of  Penobscot  co..  Me. 

North  Worcester,  woos't?r,  a  village  within  the 
limits  of  Worcester,  Mass.,  on  the  AVorcester  &  Nashua 
Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of  Worcester. 

North  Yam  Ilill,  a  post-village  of  Yam  Hill  co., 
Oregon,  on  the  Oregon  Central  Railroad,  7  miles  N.AV.  of 
Lafayette. 

North  Yar'mouth,  a  post-hamlet  in  North  Yarmouth 
township,  Cumberland  co..  Me.,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  and 
Maine  Central  Railroads,  15  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Portland. 
It  has  2  churches  and  2  carriage-factories.  Pop.  of  tho 
township,  940. 

Nor'ton,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Derby,  4  miles  S. 
by  E.  of  Sheffield.     Pop.  2800. 

Norton,  a  village  and  parish  of  England,  16  miles  N.E. 
of  York,  on  the  Derwent,  opposite  Malton.     Pop.  3170. 

Nor'ton,  a  county  in  tho  N.N.W.  part  of  Kansas,  bor- 
dering on  Nebraska,  has  an  area  of  900  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  North  Fork  of  Solomon  River  and  by 
Prairie  Dog  Creek.  About  99  per  cent,  of  this  county  is 
prairie.  Indian  corn  and  wheat  are  its  staple  products. 
Capital,  Norton.     Pop.  in  1880,  6998;  in  1890,  10,617. 

Norton,  a  post-township,  forming  the  S.W.  extremity 
of  Kankakee  co..  111.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  pop.  of  1180. 
Norton  Post-Office  is  20  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Kankakee  City. 

Norton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Norton  co.,  Kansas, 
on  Prairie  Dog  Creek,  65  miles  N.  of  Trego  Station.  It  has 
a  court-house,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.    P.  (1890)  1074. 

Norton,  a  post-village  in  Norton  township,  Bristol  co., 
Mass.,  near  the  Mansfield  &  Taunton  Branch  Railroad,  8 
miles  N.N.AV.  of  Taunton,  and  27  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Boston. 
The  station  is  at  East  Norton,  1  mile  E.  of  the  village. 
Norton  contains  the  Wheaton  Female  Seminary  and  6 
churches.  The  township  has  manufactures  of  cotton,  wool- 
len goods,  jewelry,  friction  matches,  and  copper.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  in  1890,  1785. 

Norton,  a  township  of  Muskegon  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  392. 

Norton,  a  township  of  Winona  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  770. 

Norton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Union  township,  Hunterdon 
CO.,  N.J.,  2i  miles  from  Pattcnburg  Station,  and  12  miles 
N.W,  of  Flemington.     It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

Norton,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co.,  0.,  in  Marl- 
borough township,  on  the  Whetstone  River,  35  miles  N.  of 
Columbus.     It  has  2  churches. 

Norton,  a  township  of  Summit  CO.,  0.  Pop.  1821.  It 
contains  Norton  Centre. 

Norton,  a  post-office  of  Clackamas  co.,  Oregon. 

Norton,  a  township  of  Essex  co.,  Vt.  Pop.  303.  It 
contains  Norton  Mills. 

Norton  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Norton  township. 
Summit  CO.,  0.,  2  miles  from  New  Portage  Station  of  tho 
Atlantic  &  Great  AVestern  Railroad,  and  8  miles  S.AA"".  of 
Akron. 

Norton  Dale,  a  post-settlement  in  York  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  16  miles  from  AV^oodstock.     Pop.  100. 

Norton  Furnace,  Massachusetts.    See  East  Norton. 

Norton  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
25  miles  S.AV.  of  Albany.     It  has  a  church. 

Norton-King's,  England.    See  King's  Norton. 

Norton-Midsomer.    See  Midsomer  Norton. 

Norton  3Iills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  Vt.,  on  the 
Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  166  miles  N.AV.  of  Portland,  Me. 

Norton's,  a  post-offico  of  Jackson  co.,  N.C.,  40  miles 
N.  of  Walhalla,  S.C. 

Nor'ton  Saint  Phil'ip,  a  town  and  parish  of  Eng 
land,  CO.  of  Somerset,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bath.     Pop.  565. 

Norton  Sound,  an  inlet  of  tho  sea,  in  the  AV.  part  of 
Alaska,  penetrates  inland  nearly  200  miles.  It  is  mostly 
between  lat.  63°  and  65°  N.  and  Ion.  162°  and  166°  30'  AV. 

Norton  Station  (formerly  Fingerboard),  a  post- 
village  in  Kings  co..  New  Brunswick,  on  the  International 
Railway,  33  miles  from  St.  John.  It  contains  6  stores,  2 
hotels,  2  saw-mills,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  200. 

Nor'tonsville,  a  post-office  of  Albemarle  co.,  Va.,  about 
SO  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Staunton. 

Nor'touville;  a  post-hamlet  of  Contra  Costa  co.,  CaL, 


-i. 


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202f) 


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•n  tbo  Blaek  Diamond  Railroad,  near  ML  Diablo.  Coal 
in  luinod  hore. 

NortonvillOy  a  post-village  of  JefTorton  co.,  Knnsac,  on 
tbo  Atchison,  Topoka  A  Santa  F6  Railroad,  ICi  miles  S.W. 
of  Atchison.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  300. 

Nortonvillc«a  post-village  of  Hopkins  co.,  Ky.,on  the 
Louisville,  Paduoah  &  Southwestern  Railroad  where  it 
erossos  the  St.  Louis  A  Southeastern  Railroad,  75  miles  E. 
of  Puducah,  and  24  miles  N.  of  Ilopkinsvilie.  It  contains 
an  aciulomy  and  2  or  3  saw-mills.     Coal  is  found  hore. 

Norucga,  Norvfege,  Norvcgia,  Norvdgicn,  Nor- 
vegiaiio.    See  NonwAV. 

Norungn,  a  town  of  Bengal.    Boo  NounuxoA. 

Norungnbad,  no-rQng-gi-bild',  a  town  of  Rritisb 
India,  district  and  5  miles  S.E.  of  Muttra. 

Nor'val,  a  post- village  in  Halton  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
river  Credit,  and  on  tbo  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  26}  miles 
W.  of  Toronto.  It  contains  a  church,  woollen-,  grist-,  and 
■aw-mills,  and  2  stores.     Pop.  300. 

Nor'vcll,  a  post-village  in  Norvell  township,  Jackson 
00.,  Mich.,  on  Raisin  River,  and  on  the  Jackson  Brunch  of 
the  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Jack- 
ion.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  flour, 
BOsh,  doors,  Ac.     Pop.  about  200;  of  the  township,  858. 

Norwalk,  nor'wSk,  a  river  of  Connecticut,  falls  into 
Long  Island  Sound  a  few  miles  below  Norwalk. 

Norwalk,  a  post-ofBco  and  station  of  Los  Angeles  co., 
Cttl.,  on  tbo  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  17  miles  S.E.  of 
Los  Angeles. 

Norwalk)  a  post-borough  in  Norwalk  township,  Fair- 
field CO.,  Conn.,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  14  miles 
AV.S.W.  of  Bridgeport,  22  miles  S.  of  Danbury,  and  2  miles 
N.E.  of  South  Norwalk.  It  is  on  the  Danbury  &  Norwalk 
Railroad,  and  near  the  New  York,  Now  Haven  A  Hartford 
Railroad.  It  contains  13  churches,  2  national  banks,  1  or 
2  savings-banks,  2  newspaper  ofiBces,  a  fine  union  school- 
house,  the  Hillside  Seminary,  a  paper-mill,  a  pottery,  and 
a  woollen-factory.  The  township  has  extensive  manufac- 
tures of  felt  cloth,  shirts,  locks,  door-knobs,  straw  goods, 
hats,  shoes,  Ac.  It  contains  a  city  named  South  Norwalk, 
and  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  Long  Island  Sound.  Pop. 
of  the  township  in  1890,  17,747. 

Norwalk,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co.,  Fla. 

Norwalk,  township,  Pottawattamie  co.,  Iowa.     P.  289. 

Norwalk,  a  post-villago  in  Linn  township,  AVarrenco., 
Iowa,  9  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  3  churches. 
Coal  abounds  hero.     Pop.  about  150. 

Norwalk,  a  post-office  of  Kingman  co.,  Kansas. 

Norwalk,  a  post-hamlet  of  Manistee  co.,  Mich.,  38 
miles  S.W.  of  Traverse  City. 

Norwalk,  a  handsome  post-town,  capital  of  Huron  co., 
C,  in  Norwalk  township,  on  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan 
Southern  Railroad,  56  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cleveland,  32  miles 
E.  of  Fremont,  and  about  16  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Sandusky. 
It  is  situated  on  a  sandy  ridge,  and  has  well-paved  streets, 
shaded  with  maple  trees.  It  has  2  nation.al  banks,  3  news- 
paper offices,  a  ])ublic  library,  graded  schools,  10  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  organs,  shoes,  ploughs,  sewing-ma- 
'chines,  tobacco,  and  fanning-mills,  also  gas-works  and  water- 
works. Here  are  machine-shops  of  the  railroad,  employing 
about  250  men.    Pop.  in  1890,  7195 ;  of  the  township,  8543. 

Norwalk,  a  post-vilLage  of  Ridgeville  township,  Mon- 
roe CO.,  AVis.,  on  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  13 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Sparta.     It  has  a  graded  school. 

Norway,  nor'wi  (Nor.,  Dan.,  and  Sw.  Norrje,  non'gA.; 
Ger.  Norwcijen,  non'^d'ghgn  ;  Dutch,  Noorweijen,  noii'wi- 
gh§n  ;  Fr.  Norvitje  or  Norwhje,  nou'vaizh' ;  Sp.  Noruef/a, 
nou-wi'gi ;  It.  Norvegia,  nor-vA'je-i ;  L.  Norwe'yia  ;  anc. 
Nerirjonia  ?),  a  country  forming  the  N.W.  extremity  of 
Europe,  and  occupying  the  N.AV.  and  W.  part  of  the  Scan- 
dinavian peninsula.  It  extends  from  lat.  57°  to  71°  11'  40' 
"N.,  and  from  Ion.  4°  45'  to  31°  57'  E.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.E.  by  Russian  Lapland,  E.  by  Sweden,  and  washed  on 
all  other  sides  by  the  sea, — by  the  Arctic  Ocean  on  the  N., 
tho  Atlantic  Ocean  and  the  North  Sea  on  the  N.W.  and  W., 
and  the  Skager-Rack  on  tho  S.  Length,  from  S.S.AV.  to 
N.N.E.,  about  1080  miles;  greatest  breadth,  about  275 
miles;  but  towards  the  N.  its  breadth  in  some  places  is 
contracted  to  20  miles.     Area,  125,590  square  miles. 

The  coast-line  consists,  for  the  most  part,  of  bold  precipi- 
tous cliffs,  and  is  remarkable  both  for  the  innumerable 
islands  by  which  it  is  lined,  and  the  bays  or  fiords  which 
deeply  indent  it,  sometimes  forming  e.tcellent  harbors. 
Numerous  peninsulas  separate  the  fiords  ;  among  the  most 
remarkable  of  which  are  Capo  Nordkyn  on  the  N.,  and 
Cape  Stadt  on  the  AV.  Many  islands  line  the  coast,  the 
principal  being  the  Loffoden  Islands,  separated  from  the 


continent  by  the  Vest-flord ;  and,  farther  N.,  the  Iil&n 
of  Mageriio,  Soriie,  Ringvalsiie,  livaliie,  and  Senjen.  ]] 
tween  these  and  the  continent  there  is  a  wide  passage  i 
ooosting-vessels. 

Tho  surface  of  Norway  is  very  mountainous,  particulai 
in  the  W.  and  N. ;  but  mountain-chains,  properly  so  oalh 
have  no  existence,  the  true  character  of  tho  surface  bcii 
that  of  a  series  of  elevated  plateaus,  from  which  mountni 
masses  rise  with  the  greatest  irregularity.  Tho  platca 
referred  to  seem  to  admit  of  being  reduced  to  six:  1.  T 
Plateau  of  Finmark.  2.  Tho  Plateau  of  Nordland  a 
Trondhjem,  extending  to  the  Trondhjcm-Fjord  and  Ln 
Storsjiin.  3.  Tho  Dovrofleld  Plateau,  with  its  lofty  pea 
of  Sneehaetten,  Skrimkolla,  StenkoUa,  and  Nunsficld. 
The  Plateau  of  Langfield,  containing  the  Qaldhiipplgi 
8785  feet  high,  and  the  llornelcn,  a  curious  isolatoa  urn 
terminating  in  a  sharp,  jagged  peak,  2706  feet  high,  a 
nearly  overhanging  the  sea,  at  the  E.  extremity  of  t 
island  of  Bremanger.  5.  The  plateau  of  Fille-Fjeld,  situal 
between  the  Sogne-Fiord,  tho  A'allcy  of  Valdre,  tbo  fio; 
of  Rand  Tyri  and  Christiania,  the  Skagcr-Kack,  and  1 
Oerman  Ocean.  6.  The  East  Plateau,  the  lowest  of  i 
and  extending  into  Sweden,  where  its  direction  may 
traced  by  the  chain  of  lakes  which  stretch  across  tl , 
country.  In  general,  however,  the  face  of  the  country 
rugged  ;  the  valleys  are  short  and  abrupt,  and  the  strcui 
dashing  down  impetuously  through  rocky  gorges,  form  i 
merous  cascades;  while  the  Cords,  overhung  by  lofty  pre 
eipes  or  towering  forests,  and  the  deep  and  extensive  lal 
embosomed  among  tho  mountains,  furnish  alpine  scenes 
tho  wildest  magnificence.  A'ast  glaciers  descend  from 
plateaus.  The  only  plains  are  those  formed  by  tho  tal 
lands,  and  the  isolated  mountain-peaks  on  these  table-la; 
rise  far  above  the  snow-line. 

The  minerals  are  both  numerous  and  abundant,  al 
where  the  means  of  transport  exist,  can  generally  be  worl  I 
to  great  advantage.    The  only  mines  in  0[)cratiun  are  tbj 
of  silver,  copper,  iron,  cobalt,  and  chrome.    Tho  chief] 
duct  is  iron,  the  mines  of  which  are  situated  mostly  nr 
tho  Gulf  of  Christiania ;  the  silver-mine  of  Kongsberg  ia 
present,  one  of  tho  richest  in  Europe,  and,  next  to  tho  c 
per-mino  of  Rcirans,  the  most  important  in  the  kingd' 
The  other  minerals  worthy  of  notice  are  alum  and  mar 

Norway  has  no  large  rivers,  but  an  immense  number 
minor  streams,  from  tho  western  slope,  proceed  directl; 
l,he  shore  or  the  numerous  fiords  which  penetrate  it. 
the  E.  slope,  again,  the  streams  do  little  more  than  « 
mence  their  course  in  Norway.    The  rivers  that  are  of 
portance  hivve  a  S.  direction,  and  discharge  themselves  i » 
the  Skager-Rack.     Of  these  the  most  deserving  of  no 
are  the  Glommen  and  its  affluent  the  Lougan,  the  Be 
Lauven,  Skien-Nid,  and  Torrisdal,  but  none  of  them 
navigable,  on  account  of  waterfalls.    Of  these  the  n 
celebrated  are  the  Sarpenfos,  on  the  Glommen,  near  Fii 
ericksstad,   and   the   Rukaufos,  in   the  district  of  Tc 
marken,  which  falls  513  feet  perpendicular.    A'oringsp, 
in  tho  district  of  Hardanger,  has  a  perpendicular  fallf 
920  feet,  and  the  Rinkanfos  has  about  the  same  fall.    '|e 
most  important  rivers  in  the  N.  are  the  Tana,  which  fo  s 
part  of  the  boundary  between  Russia  and  Norway,  and  Is 
into  the  Arctic  Ocean;  and  the  Namsen,  flowing  into  p 
Atlantic.     The  river-systems  of  Norway  are  of  the  utii 
importance,  the  smaller  streams  being  employed  in  driv 
tho  machinery  of  mines  and  mills,  and  in  floating  timbe 
tho  larger  rivers ;  these  serve  also  as  tho  chief  mean8(f 
communication    in  winter,  when   they   are  covered  vj 
strong  ice.     Tho  lakes  are  numerous,  tho  principal  b< 
the  liys  A''and,  Snaassen  A'and,  and  Mitiscn  A'and.    M 
of  them  are  situated  at  great  elevations  in  the  table-la  : 
among  these  tho  Bygdinsee,  from  15  to  20  miles  lonji 
3490  feet  above  tho  sea. 

Although  nearly  one-third  of  Norway  is  sitnated  wilo 
the  frozen  zone,  various  causes  contribute  to  modify  • 
temperature.     One  of  these  is  the  great  extent  of  sea-cCjlf 
and  the  large  extent  of  surface  occupied  by  water,  and  no 
especially  by  the  fiords  which  are  in  immediate  coramunl'- 
tion  with  tho  ocean,  and  the  temperature  of  which  is  Bci- 
bly  affected  by  the  Gulf  Stream.     The  snow-line  is  m 
higher  here  than  in  corresponding  latitudes  in  other  oc 
tries.     The  sea  never  freezes,  even  at  North  Cape,  but 
shallow  water  of  the  Skager-Rack  is  sometimes  frozen. 

The  year  is  nearly  divided  between  winter  and  sumn'; 
spring  is  almost  unknown,  and  the  autumn  is  cold  J 
rigorous;  snow  covers  the  ground  from  tho  beginninfj't 
November  till  the  end  of  March.  Summer  lasts  from  -iT 
to  September,  during  which  the  temperature  is  oftci'* 
high  as  108°  Fahrenheit.     From  8  to  12  weeks  are  sC- 


NOR 


2027 


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time?  sufficient  for  sowing,  ripening,  nnd  reaping  the  crops 
;  in  the  interior.  The  climate  of  the  W.  coast,  though  com- 
■paratively  mild,  is  excessively  humid,  tho  rainfall  amount- 
ing to  80  inches  annually. 

Anion"  trees,  tho  pine  triho  arc  tho  most  numerous,  and 
clothe  th'e  mountain-slopes  with  magnificent  forests.  The 
'oak  forms  fine  forests  in  the  S. ;  the  birch  attains  the  high- 
est northern  latitudes.  Of  fruit  trees,  the  apple  is  common 
in  tbo  lower  regions,  and  the  cherry  is  widely  distributed. 

Tho  principal  grain  of  Norway  is  barley,  which  is  grown 
ns  hi"-h  as  70°  N.  lat.  Rye  is  cultivated  up  to  69°,  oats  to 
OS"  but  wheat  not  beyond  64°  N.  latitude,  and  that  only 
in  the  most  favorable  seasons.  Potatoes  are  grown  with 
jucccss  even  in  Finmark.  Hemp  and  flax  are  generally  cul- 
Itivated;  and  in  the  S.  part  of  the  country  some  tobacco  is 
'»rown. 

Cattle-rearing  is  an  extensive  branch  of  rural  economy, 

ho  inhabitants  leaving  the  villages  and  spending  the  sum- 

,ucr  with  their  floclcs  and  herds  in  the  upper  valleys.    Sheep 

jind  goats  are  numerous;  the  horses  are  of  a  diminutive 

[izo;  the  ponies  are  among  the  best  of  their  kind,  and  are 

iftcn  exported  to  other  countries.    Another  domestic  animal 

If  great  value  is  the  reindeer,  which  forms  the  principal 

jtock  of  the  N.  provinces.     The  principal  wild  animals  are 

Ihe  brown  bear,  wolf,  lynx,  and  fox.     Game  is  abundant, 

jocluding  tho  deer,  elk,  reindeer,  and  hare,  the  seal,  the 

(tor,  and,  among  birds,  the  grouse  and  tho  capercailzie. 

bo  coast  literally  swarms  with  sea-fowl ;  the  wild  goose 

nd  eider-duck  are  numerous ;  the  swan  appears  on  the  S. 

ast  in  winter,  and  ducks  of  various  kinds  abound  on  the 

lasts  and  in  the  lakes  and  rivers.     In  the  small  uninhab- 

,cd  isles  off  the  N.  coast  vast  numbers  of  the  eggs  of  sea- 

iwl  arc  procured. 

The  fisheries  of  Norway  are  of  very  great  value.   AVhales 

e  captured  for  use  in  the  manufacture  of  fertilizers,  as 

ell  as  for  their  oil,  but  a  fivr  more  valuable  source  of  rev- 

lue  is  furnished  by  the  cod-  and  herring-fisheries.     The 

vers  and  lakes  abound  with  salmon  and  trout.    There  are 

[tensive  beds  of  oysters  on  all  the  coasts. 

Manufactures  have  made  very  little  progress.    Cotton, 

jollen,  flax,  and  silk  tissues  are  produced  to  some  extent, 

It  only  for  home  use,  and  there  are  large  tobacco-factories 

lid  sugar-refineries.      Distilleries,  malt-works,  and  saw- 

[iUs  are  numerous ;  next  to  these  are  forges  and  mctal- 

'  indrics.    The  manufactures  of  cloth,  linen,  and  cotton,  as 

:1I  as  the  preparation  of  skins  and  leather,  are  almost  en- 

ely  domestic.    The  other  manufactures  comprise  those  of 

iss,  paper,  oil,  gunpowder,  soap,  cotton  yarn,  tobacco,  and 

^ar-refining.    All  the  seats   of  industry,  and  the  only 

vns,  are  on  tho  coast,  and  chiefly  on  tho  Gulf  of  Chris- 

nia.    Ship-building  is  actively  carried  on  in  the  ports. 

The  exportation  of  fish  is  the  most  important  article  of 

lie.    Next  to  this  is  the  export  of  timber  and  of  ice ;  and, 

tly,  the  products  of  the  mines  and  metal  forges.     Fish  is 

lorted  from  all  tho  towns  on  the  W.  coast,  but  Bergen  is 

chief  entrepot.     The  most  important  branches  of  this 

do  are  dried  fish  and  salted  herrings.     The  ex])ort  of 

.aeral  products  is  less  than  might  be  expected  from  the 

Inber  of  mines;  the  principal  are  iron,  copper,  and  sil- 
.  The  chief  imports  are  grain,  butter,  beef,  various 
ues  of  wool,  cotton,  flax  and  silk,  raw  wool,  hemp,  salt, 
ar,^  coffee,  tobacco,  wine,  brandy,  and  vinegar.  This 
le  is  chiefly  concentrated  in  the  towns  of  Bergen,  Chris- 
's lia,  and  Trondhjem,  though  Drammen,  Christiansand, 
i   Arendal  likewise  have  a  considerable  share. 

'loneof  the  rivers  are  navigable  except  near  their  mouths; 
i:  good  roads  exist;  and  the  usual  communication  is  by 
8;  There  are  about  700  miles  of  railway  in  operation, 
^ong  the  numerous  islands  on  the  AV.  coast  there  are 
^Icnt  and  irregular  currents,  which  render  tho  coast  navi- 
Mn  dangerous.  Among  these  is  the  celebrated  Miiel- 
'jin,  the  danger  from  which  has  been  greatly  cxag- 
Bited.  Regular  communications  have  been  established 
yccn  the  principal  towns  on  the  coast  from  Christiania 
t^lammerfest,  and  steam  vessels  ply  in  the  Gulf  of  Chris- 
fciia  and  on  the  Lakes  of  Miosen  and  Tyrifiord. 

\ovenment. — Norway  is  a  limited  hereditary  monarchy, 
Qiied  into  5  provinces  or  dioceses,  subdivided  into  17 
P;i\Tieks,  and  united  with  Sweden  as  a  free,  independent, 
I'i visible  kingdom,  under  one  common  male  sovereign,  of 
tliUutheran  religion.  The  legislative  assembly,  or,  as  it 
is; died,  Siorthuig  (from  »tor,  great,  and  ttiiiitj,  court),  is 
6'  cd  by  the  citizens,  and  exists  for  three  years,  when  a 
n^i  election  must  take  place.  It  is  subdivided  into  two 
Wdbcrs,— one  consisting  of  one-fourth  of  the  members, 
«; Killed  the  Laijthing  ;  and  the  other,  of  the  remaining 
«^i-fourths,  and  called  the  Odehthing,     These  chambers 


meet  separately,  and  each  nominates  its  own  president  and 
secretary.  Every  bill  must  originate  in  the  Odelsthing, 
but  may  be  proposed  either  by  the  members  or  by  the  gov- 
ernment. Tho  veto  of  the  king  becomes  ineffectual  against 
any  measure  which  has  been  adopted  without  modification 
by  three  successive  storthings. 

Ilevemie,  Army,  rfrc. — The  revenue  and  expenditures  ac- 
cording to  the  budget  for  1887  are  each  about  $11,600,000; 
de'it,  $29,000,000.  Tho  army  (troops  with  reserves)  numbers 
40,000,  with  800  officers.  The  navy  comprises  39  steamers 
and  6  sailing-vessels  and  oared  gunboats. 

lidigion  and  Education. — The  Lutheran  is  tho  religinn- 
of  the  state,  and  is  professed  by  the  great  body  of  the  people. 
Other  religionists  are  tolerated,  Jesuits  excepted.  The  gov- 
ernment offices  are  open  only  to  members  of  the  estiiblished 
church.  Education  is  very  generally  diffused,  and  is  con- 
ducted on  a  national  system,  according  to  which  gratuitous 
instruction  of  an  elementary  kind  is  placed  within  the  reach 
of  all  capable  of  receiving  it;  and  allchildren,  of  seven  years 
complete,  in  towns,  and  of  eight  years  in  the  country,  are  re- 
quired to  be  in  attendance  at  school  till  confirmation,  which 
usually  takes  place  between  the  ages  of  14  and  17.  The 
towns  possess,  in  addition  to  these  people's  schools,  what 
are  called  middle  schools,  middle  and  royal  schools,  burgher 
schools,  and  Latin  or  learned  schools,  in  all  of  which  su|)erior 
instruction  is  given.  There  are  also  four  cathedral  schools, 
one  each  in  the  towns  of  Christiania,  Bergen,  Trondhjem, 
and  Christiansand.  There  is  a  military  school  at  Chris- 
tiania, and  a  school  of  marine  at  Frederiksvaern.  Six 
normal  schools  are  supported  by  the  state.  At  the  head  of 
all  tho  educational  establishments  is  the  University  of  Chris- 
tiania, at  which  complete  courses  of  lectures  are  delivered, 
to  qualify  for  the  diflcrent  learned  professions. 

Tho  capital  is  Christiania.  Pop.  in  1891, 1,999,176.  Tho 
Norwegian  language  claims  for  itself  a  venerable  origin, 
and  is  radically  identical  with  the  Icelandic. 

History. — Tho  early  history  of  the  Norwegians  is  envel- 
oped in  fable.  Tho  historic  period  commences  with  the 
reign  of  Ilarald  Harfagar  (or  Haarfagar),  "  fair  hair,"  who 
died  in  933.  His  son  Eric,  surnamed  Bliidoxe  ("  bloodj 
axe"),  because  of  his  cruelties  was  ultimately  driven  from 
the  throne,  and  his  crown  was  seized  by  his  brother,  Ilako 
I.,  who  was  brought  up  in  England  with  Athelstan  and  had 
embraced  Christianity.  He  governed  wisely,  and  for  the 
most  part  peacefully,  enacting  many  valuable  laws,  though 
ho  failed  in  a  direct  attempt  to  make  his  subjects  renounce 
paganism.  Olaf  I.  and  his  son  St.  Olaf  established  Chris- 
tianity. Magnus  I.,  surnamed  the  Good,  the  son  of  St. 
Olaf,  Avas  called  to  tho  throne,  by  election,  in  1036,  and, 
having  in  1042  succeeded  also  to  the  throne  of  Denmark, 
united  both  under  one  monarchy.  On  his  death  the  crowns 
of  Norway  and  Denmark  wore  again  separated. 

In  the  twelfth  century  the  Norwegians  swayed  the  sceptre 
not  over  Norway  merely,  but  over  many  parts  of  the  coasts 
of  Britain  and  the  adjacent  islands,  more  especially  tho 
Orkneys  on  the  N.  and  the  Hebrides  on  the  N.AV.  of  Scot- 
land. In  the  timo  of  Magnus  IV.,  who  reigned  towards 
the  close  of  the  thirteenth  century,  the  Hebrides  and  tho 
Isle  of  JIan  were  ceded  to  the  Scottish  king,  Alexander 
III.  In  1319  tho  crowns  of  Norway  and  Sweden  became 
for  a  short  time  united  in  the  person  of  Magnus  V.  Tho 
next  name  of  importance  among  the  sovereigns  of  Norway 
is  that  of  Eric  of  Pomerania.  He  succeeded,  by  separate 
titles,  to  Norway,  Sweden,  and  Denmark,  and  in  1397  was 
formally  crowned  king  of  the  three  kingdoms  of  the  North. 
Soon  after  Sweden  again  became  a  separate  kingdom,  but 
the  union  between  Denmark  and  Norway  was  drawn  closer 
and  closer,  to  the  disadvantage  of  the  latter,  which  was 
ultimately  degraded  into  a  mere  dependency  of  the  former. 

When  the  coalition  was  formed  against  Napoleon,  Sweden 
stipulated  that,  in  the  event  of  success  attending  the  arms 
of  the  Allies,  Norway  should  be  united  with  her  under  ono 
monarchy,  a  stipul.ation  which  was  carried  into  efi"ect  in 
1814  by  the  treaty  of  Kiel.  The  inhabitants,  however, 
manifested  a  determination  to  resist,  and  at  a  diet  held  at 
Eidsvold,  and  attended  by  deputies  from  all  tho  districts,  a 
limited  monarchy  was  almost  unanimously  adopted  as  tho 
form  of  government,  and  Christian  Frederick,  who  had 
previously  been  the  regent  and  was  presumptive  heir  to  tho 
throne  of  Denmark,  accepted  the  crown.  His  obvious  want 
of  ability  soon  brought  matters  to  a  crisis,  and  tho  Swedish 
king  Bernadotte  having  offered  to  accept  the  constitution 
of  Eidsvold  with  some  slight  modifications,  all  resistanco 
to  him  ceased,  and  the  two  crowns  were  declared  indissolu- 
bly  united,  though  each  kingdom  retained  its  separate  con- 
stitution.  Adj.  Norwegian,  nor-weo'jan  (Norw.  Norsk, 

noRskj   Fr.  Norvkgiex  or  NoRwiGiEN,  noRVi^zhe-6ji»'j 


HOR 


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NOR 


Gcr.  NoRWBQisca,  noR'^i-ebiah ;  Sp.  Korueoo,  nor-w4'go; 
It.  NonvEaiANO,  nor'v4-je-&'n<>;  L.  Norweoia'iius).  Inhiib. 
In  I^nglish,  French,  Spanish,  and  Lntin  tbo  adjective  is 
osed  alio  for  the  name  of  the  inliabitanta  (Norw.  NoR- 
MARXD,  noR'mdnd;  Gor.  Nokwkokr,  noR'ii'&-ghfr). 

Nor'way,  n  post-oQice  of  Ynnkton  co.,  S.l>. 

NorwajT)  a  post-rillage  in  Mission  township.  La  Salle 
00.,  111.,  about  14  miles  N.E.  of  Ottawa.  It  has  2  churches, 
•  public  school,  and  5  stores. 

Morwuy,  Benton  co.,  Iowa.    See  FLonKXCB. 

Norway,  a  township  of  Humboldt  co.,  lown.     P.  290. 
f     If  orway,  a  township  of  Winnebago  oo.,  Iowa.     P.  391. 

Norway,  Doniphan  oo.,  Kansas.    See  East  Norway. 

Norway,  a  post-township  of  Kepublio  oo.,  Kansas,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Belleville,  is  traversed  by  the  Ilepublican 
Kiver.     Pop.  364. 

Norway,  a  post-village  in  Norway  township,  Oxford 
CO.,  Me.,  on  a  small  lake,  about  2  miles  W.  of  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railway,  46  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Portland,  and  4  miles 
6.W.  of  Paris.  It  has  a  liberal  institute,  a  newspaper  office, 
4  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  tannery, 
Knd  manufactures  of  carriages,  clothing,  flour,  and  lumber. 
Pop.  about  1500;  of  the  township,  1964. 

Norway,  a  township  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn.     P.  1333. 

Norway,  a  post-hamlet  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Zumbro  Ilivcr,  18  miles  E.  of  Faribault. 

Norway,  a  post-village  in  Norway  township,  Herkimer 
CO.,  N.Y.,  12  miles  N.  of  Little  Falls,  and  about  18  miles 
K.E.  of  Utica.  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  a  tannery,  and 
about  30  houses.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1054. 

Norway,  a  post-office  of  Coos  co.,  Oregon. 

Norway,  a  post-office  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  about  10  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Wilmington,  Del. 

Norway,  Monroe  co.,  Wis.    See  Norwat  Ridge. 

Norway,  a  township  of  Racino  co..  Wis.    Pop.  963. 

Norway  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Dane  co..  Wis. 

Norway  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kandiyohi  co.,  Minn., 
on  a  small  lake,  14  miles  N.  of  Willmar.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  of  Norway  Lake  township,  896. 

Norway  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Wis.,  on 
the  AVisconsin  Valley  Railroad  (at  Norway  Station),  13 
miles  N.E.  of  Toniah.     Here  is  a  lumber-mill. 

Norwegia,  Norwfege,  Norwegen,  Norweger, 
Norwegian,  Norwegisch.    See  Norway. 

Norwe'gian,  township,  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.    Pop.  1390. 

Norwegian  Grove,  a  post-township  of  Otter  Tail  co., 
Minn.     Pop.  258, 

Norwegian  Island,  a  station  of  the  Wisconsin  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  8i  miles  AV.  of  Menasha,  Wis. 

Norwegian  Range,  Norway.  See  Norrska  Fiellen. 

Norwich,  nor'rij  (ano.  Veii'ta  Iceno'rum),  a  city  of 
England,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Norfolk,  on  the  Yare  and 
Wensum  Rivers,  2  miles  above  their  junction,  and  at  a 
railway  junction,  98  miles  N.N.E.  of  London.  It  waa 
formerly  surrounded  by  walls,  fragments  of  which  still 
exist,  flanked  with  numerous  towers,  and  entered  by  12 
gates,  but  the  modern  city  and  suburbs  extend  much  be- 
yond the  ancient  walls.  Not  a  few  of  its  streets  are  narrow, 
winding,  and  either  unpaved  or  paved  badly;  and  the 
houses,  with  their  rude  pointed  gables,  are  far  more  remark- 
able for  their  antiquity  than  for  the  merits  of  their  archi- 
tecture. The  market-place  is  one  of  the  largest  and  finest  in 
the  kingdom.  The  cathedral,  founded  in  1094,  is  a  cruciform 
structure,  with  a  tower  and  spire  rising  to  the  height  of 
315  feet.  Around  it  are  the  cloisters,  bishop's  palace, 
deanery,  Ac.  Besides  the  cathedral,  Norwich  possesses 
shout  40  other  churches,  and  many  chapels.  The  other 
principal  buildings  are  the  castle,  a  noble  feudal  relic, 
founded  in  675,  now  used  as  a  jail;  the  guild  hall,  partly 
fitted  up  as  a  court-house;  and  St.  Andrew's  Hall,  origi- 
nally the  nave  of  the  church  of  the  Black  Friars'  Convent, 
adorned  with  a  largo  collection  of  portraits.  Among  the 
institutions  may  be  mentioned  the  jail  and  house  of  cor- 
rection, the  workhouse  (originally  the  choir  of  the  Black 
Friars'  Church),  the  corn  exchange,  the  cavalry  barracks, 
the  theatre  and  assembly-rooms,  the  training  college  of 
Bchool-mistressos,  the  diocesan  training  institution,  the 
grammar-school,  situated  within  the  precincts  of  the  ca- 
thedral, the  government  school  for  modelling  and  design, 
the  children's  hospital,  Norman's  Charity,  city  charity, 
British  and  foreign,  national,  infant,  and  various  other 
schools,  St.  Giles's,  Doughty's,  Cook's,  and  the  Norfolk  and 
Norwich  Hospitals,  the  lunatic  and  blind  asylums,  and  the 
infirmary.  The  literary  and  scientific  institutions  include 
B  public  library,  a  mechanics'  institute,  a  young  man's  in- 
stitute, a  people's  college,  and  a  museum,  possessed  of  sev- 
eral valuable  collections. 


The  principal  manufactures  of  Norwich  at  prcienl  »ri 
shawls,  ora]>c8,  bombasines,  moussolinc-tlo-hune,  iujita 
tion  French  fabrics,  light  cotton  goods,  damask,  cunlcu 
gros  de  Naples,  and  bundana  handkerchiefs  and  Parainniu 
cloth.  The  looms  employed  in  tbo  town  and  ncighborbow 
are  estimated  at  upwards  of  14,000.  The  other  industria 
establishments  include  worsted-factories,  silk-mills,  dje 
works,  corn-mills,  vinegar-works,  breweries,  iron-fonndriei 
oil-mills,  boot-  and  shoe-factories,  Ac.  In  carrying  on  tlii 
trade,  facilities  are  afforded  by  railways,  by  the  river  nnr 
igntod  chiefly  by  wherries  of  from  15  to  40  tons  and  b 
regular  steamers  to  Yarmouth,  and  by  the  Norwich  anl 
Lowestoft  navigation,  by  means  of  which  vessels  of  tmal 
tonnage  have  direct  access  to  the  town  from  the  rca. 

Norwich  appears  to  have  been  founded  by  the  Uoinani  I; 
440.  It  was  afterwards  seized  by  the  Saxons,  and  in  57 
had  risen  to  be  the  capital  of  the  kingdom  of  En«t  Anglit 
In  1002  it  was  captured  by  the  Danish  fleet  and  laid  I 
ashes.  In  1323  it  was  made  a  staple  town  for  the  countii 
of  Norfolk  and  Sufi'olk  by  Edward  III.,  and  ultimately  be 
came  a  famous  manufacturing  town.  It  sends  two  inembei 
to  Parliament.     Pop.  in  1881,  87,842;  in  1891,  loo.UfU. 

Nor'wich,  a  city  of  Connecticut,  and  semi-capitui  o 
New  London  co.,  is  finely  situated  on  the  Thames  Hive 
here  formed  by  the  confluence  of  the  Sbetuckct  and  tfa 
Yuntic,  13  miles  N.  of  New  London,  and  about  36  miU 
E.S.E.  of  Hartford.  It  is  mostly  built  on  the  sides  an 
summit  of  a  steep  eminence  which  rises  between  the  Sb( 
tucket  and  Yantic  Rivers,  and  in  2  or  3  tmall  valleys,  j 
is  noted  for  its  beautiful  residences,  which  occupy  seven 
terraces  in  the  most  elevated  parts  of  the  city.  liroadwn 
and  Washington  street  are  noble  avenues,  lined  with  mai 
sions  and  gardens.  Norwich  is  at  the  head  of  navigntiui 
has  a  commodious  harbor,  and  is  on  the  Norwich  A,  Worcc«ti 
Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  New  London  Northern  Rai 
road.  Steamboats  ply  between  this  city  and  New  York.  '. 
contains  a  court-house,  23  churches,  a  public  library,  a  hi; 
school,  the  Norwich  Free  Academy,  liberally  endowed, 
national  banks,  with  a  capital  of  $2,820,000,  several  saving 
banks,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  2  daily  and  2  week 
newspapers. 

The  branches  of  the  Thames  afford  water-power  here  f 
various  manufactories,  which  are  very  numerous  and  e; 
tensive.  The  products  of  these  are  cotton  goods,  fine  pane 
machinery,  rubber  goods,  carpets,  locks,  wood  types,  nr 
arms  (pistols),  iron  pipes,  woollen  goods,  prlntlng-prcs«( 
water-wheels,  corks,  Ac.  The  capital  Invested  in  man 
factures  and  transportation  is  stated  to  be  $0,000,00 
Here  are  several  large  cotton-mills,  3  manufactories  of  fir 
arms,  the  Norwich  Worsted  Company,  the  Potter  Prlntln 
Press  Works,  several  paper-mills,  rolling-mills,  the  Tham 
Iron-Works,  and  the  Norwich  Lock  Company.  Pop, 
1870,  Including  Norwich  township,  16,653  ;  in  18S0,  21, H 
Pop.  of  the  city  in  1880,  15,112;  in  1890,  16,156. 

Norwich,   a   post-hamlet   in    Huntington    townshi 
Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  near  the  Westfield  Kiver,  about 
miles  N.W.  of  Springfield.    It  has  a  church  and  manufa 
tures  of  axes  and  whips. 

Norwich,  a  township  of  Newaj-go  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  i; 

Norwich,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Chenango  co.,  Sy 
in  Norwich  township,  in  a  valley  on  the  Chenango  Kiv 
and  the  Chenango  Canal,  41  miles  N.N.E.  of  liinghamtd 
64  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Utlca,  and  216  miles  N.AV.  of  N ' 
Y'ork.     It  is  on  the  New  York  A  Oswego  Midland  Knili 
and  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  A  Western  Railroad. 
is  also  the  S.E.  terminus  of  the  Auburn  Branch  of  I, 
former  road.     It  contains  a  handsome  stone  court-house 
churches,  the  Norwich  Academy,  2  national  banks,  a  grad 
school,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  piano-factory,  1  or  2  bla 
furnaces,  a  manufactory  of  hammers,  a  brewery,  a  tiinnoi 
a  foundry,  a  machine-shop,  and  several  carriage-factor! 
Pop.  4279 ;  of  the  township,  6935. 

NorAVich,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  0.  Pop.  16. 
It  contains  Hllllard. 

Norwich,  a  township  of  Huron  co.,  0.    Pop.  1L2. 

Norwich,  a  post-village  in  Union  township,  Muskij 
gum  CO.,  0.,  on  the  Central  Ohio  division  of  the  Baltnm 
A  Ohio  Railroad,  14  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Zanesville,  It  1' 
3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  flouring-mill,  and  manuti 
tures  of  carriages,  Ac.     Pop.  268.  . 

Norwich,  a  post-hamlet  of  McKean  co,.  Pa.,  in  I» 
wich  township,  2  miles  from  Hamlin  Station,  and  about 
miles  N.W,  of  Lock  Haven.  Coal  is  found  here.  Pop. 
the  township,  600.  mi  a 

Norwich,  a  post-village  in  Norwich  township,  vnm 
CO.,  Vt.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  and  on  the  Pasiomri 
Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  White  River  Junction,  and  about 


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2029 


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ailes  E.  by  N.  of  Rutland.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high 
lohool  and  some  manufactures  of  leather,  carriages,  cabi- 
let-ware,  .fee.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1639. 

Norwich,  a  post-villago  in  Oxford  co.,  Ontario,  on 
ittcr  Creek,  24  miles  W-S-W.  of  Brantford.  It  contains  4 
hurches,  several  stores  and  hotels,  2  iron-foundries,  several 
lills,  and  cheese-factories.  Pop.  900. 
Nonvich  Falls,  a  village  of  New  London  co.,  Conn., 
n  Yantic  River,  is  a  part  of  the  city  of  Norwich,  and  is  1 
lilo  from  Norwich  Town  Station.  It  has  a  church,  a  cot- 
)n-faetory,  and  a  pistol-factory. 

Nor'wich  Town,  a  post-village  of  New  London  co., 
onn.,  on   the  New  London   Northern  Railroad,  2  miles 
'.W.  of  Norwich  city.     It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school, 
woollcn-mill,  and  a  carriage-factory. 
Nor'wood,  Upper,  South,  and  Lower,  large  villages 
'  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  6  miles  S.  of  London,  with  a 
ation  on  the  London  &  Croydon  Railway.     Pop.  respect- 
■ely,  7854,  6683,  and  9118.     They  have  numerous  elegant 
JiUaa,  handsome  churches,  a  largo  school  of  industry  for 
isstitute  children  from  the  metropolis,  a  cemetery,  very 
kiutiful  public  gardens,  and  a  Jews'  hospital. 
j  Nor'wood,  a  post-ofBco  of  Warren  co.,  Ga. 
Norwood,  Cook  co..  111.    See  Norwood  Park. 
Norwood,  a  small  post-villago  of  Mercer  co.,  IlL,  about 
i  miles  N.W.  of  Galesburg.     It  has  a  church. 
Norwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lucas  co.,  Iowa,  about  12 
iles  N.W.  of  Chariton. 

Norwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Kansas,  on 
10  Leavenworth,  Lawrence  &  Galveston  Railroad,  20  miles 
.  of  Lawrence. 

:  Norwood,  a  post-village  in  Norwood  township,  Nor- 
Slkco.,  Mass.,  on  the  New  York  <t  New  England  Railroad, 
I  miles  S.S.W.  of  Boston.     It  has  4  churches,  a  foundry, 
||or  2  tanneries,  a  paper-mill,   an   oil-cloth-factory,  and 
Ipair-shops  of  the  railroad.     Pop.  of  township,  1749. 
jNorwood,  a  post-village  in  Norwood  township,  Charle- 
jix  CO.,  Mich.,   on   Lake   Michigan,  11    miles   S.W.  of 
jiarlovoix,  and  about  40  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Traverse  City, 
ihas  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  200;  of  the  township,  302. 
Norwood,  a  post-village    of  Carver  co.,   Minn.,   in 
>ung  America  township,  on  the  Hastings  &  Dakota  Rail- 
id,  10  miles  E.  of  Glencoe.     It  has  a  church,  3  elevators, 
J  4  general  stores.     Pop.  about  300. 
Norwood,  a  post-village  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
irthern  Railroad  of  New  Jersey  and  the  Jersey  City  & 
sbany  Railroad,  21  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City.     It  has  2 
jrclies,  and  manufactures  of  paint  and  artificial  flowers. 
Vorwood  (formerly  Pots'uam  Junction),  a  post- 
lageof  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Potsdam  township,  on 
ckct  River,  and  on  the  Ogdensburg  &  Lake  Champlain 
ilroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Rome,  AVatertown  <fc  Og- 
isburg  Railroad,  25  miles  E.  of  Ogdensburg,  and  6  miles 
of  Potsdam.     It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  oSice,  a 
on  school,  a  flour-mill,  manufactures  of  lumber,  shingles, 
I  h,  and  blinds,  and  a  money-order  post-oflSce.     P.  1221. 
iforwood,  a  hamlet  in  Brookhaven  township,  Sufi'olk 
(;  N.Y.,  2  miles  S.  of  East  Setauket. 
Norwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stanley  co.,  N.C.,  2  miles 
i!jn  the  Yadkin  or  Pedoe  River,  and  about  90  miles  W.S.W. 
(iRaleigh.     It  has  a  church,  2  stores,  and  6  residences. 
jforwood,  a  post-village  in  Columbia  township,  Ham- 
lin CO.,  0.,  on  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  10 
^,eg  N.E.  of  the  initial  station  in  Cincinnati.     It  is  SJ 
ijes  from  the  limits  of  Cincinnati. 

)[orwood,  a  station  in  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Phila- 
q)hia,  Wilmington  &  Baltimore  Railroad,  8 J  miles  S.W. 
^Philadelphia. 

[forwood,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Kent  co.,  R.I., 
ijWarwick  township,  on  the  Stonington  &  Providence 
Ilroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Providence.  It  has  a  church. 
t'orwood,  a  post-village  of  Nelson  co.,  Va..  on  the 
Jlies  River,  7  miles  E.  of  Arrington  Station.  It  has  2 
CTches,  a  school  called  Norwood  College,  and  a  grist-mill. 

or'wood,  a  post-village  in  Peterborough  co.,  Ontario, 
o/.he  river  Ouse,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Peterborough.  It 
Ci.ains  4  churches,  about  a  dozen  stores,  4  hotels,  an  iron- 
'Vlryi  a  hub-  and  spoke-factory,  a  woollen-mill,  a  news- 
pi  Jr  office,  (fee.     Pop.  750. 

t  orwood  Park,  a  post-village  of  Cook  co.,  IlL,  at 
>iWood  Station  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad, 
Miilcs  N.AV.  of  Chicago.     It  has  2  churches. 
!o^^voodvi^e,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sevier  co..  Ark.,  45 
n(  3  N.W.  of  Fulton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-milL 

i08-Beh,  Madagascar.    See  Nossi-Be. 
J6schenrode,  nosh'?n-ro'd§h,  a  village  of  Prussian 
►my,  in  Magdeburg,  near  Wornigorode.    Pop.  1466. 


Nossa  Scnhora  do  Desterro.    See  Desterro. 

Nossee-  (or  Nossi-)  Ibraheetn.  SccSainte  Marik. 

Nossen,  nos's^n,  a  town  of  Saxony,  19  miles  W.  of 
Dresden,  on  the  Mulde,  with  a  royal  residence.    Pop.  2781. 

NosS'Hcad,  a  bold  rocky  point  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Scotland,  co.  of  Caithness,  Si  miles  N.E.  of  Wick.  It  haa 
a  light-house. 

Nossi-B6,  nos^seo^-bi',  an  island  and  French  colony 
ofi"  the  N.W.  coast  of  Madagascar.  Lat.  13°  23'  16"  S. ;  Ion. 
48°  19'  E.  It  is  of  volcanic  origin.  Several  near  islands 
arc  considered  parts  of  the  colony,  of  which  the  chief  are 
Nossi-Mitzou  and  Nossi-Falli.  The  people  are  chiefly  of 
Madagascar  origin.  Coffee,  sesame,  sugar,  indigo,  rum, 
and  rice  are  the  chief  products.  Capital,  Helleville,  a  free 
port,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  island.     Pop.  7439. 

Noss  Island,  one  of  the  Shetland  Islands,  E.  of  Bre?- 
say,  and  separated  from  it  by  a  narrow  sound.  Circumfer- 
ence, about  6  miles. 

Noss'ville,  a  post-hamlct  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.,  about 
33  miles  AV.  of  Carlisle.     It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

Notaresco,  no-ti-ris'ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  provinca 
and  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Teramo.     Pop.  3648. 

Notasul'ga,  a  post-village  of  Macon  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
AVestern  Railroad  of  Alabama,  46  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mont- 
gomery, and  12  miles  N.  of  Tuskeegee.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  newspaper  oflSce,  and  an  academy. 

Not'field,  a  post-village  in  Glengarry  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  river  Delisle,  15  miles  AV.  of  Alexandria.  It  has  card- 
ing- and  shingle-mills,  a  saw-mill,  a  tannery,  a  hotel,  and 
several  stores.     Pop.  160, 

Notium  Promontorinm.    See  Mizen  Head. 

Notia,  Cherokee  co.,  N.C.    See  Nottla. 

Not'ley  River  rises  in  Union  co.,  Ga.,  runs  northwest- 
ward and  northward,  and  enters  the  Iliawassee  River  in 
Cherokee  co.,  N.C. 

Noto,  no'to,  a  city  of  Sicily,  16  miles  S.AA''.  of  Syracuse, 
and  about  2  miles  from  the  sea.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  has 
several  churches  and  convents,  a  council  house,  hospital, 
lyceuui,  and  a  considerable  trade  in  corn,  wine,  oil,  and 
sulphur,  the  produce  of  its  neighborhood.  About  3  milea 
AV.  of  the  town  arc  the  ruins  of  an  amphitheatre  and  of  a 
gymnasium,  the  remains  of  ancient  Netiim.     Pop.  16,590. 

Noto,  a  town  and  headland  of  Japan,  island  of  Hondo. 

Noto,  Val  di,  vil  dee  no'to,  an  old  division  of  Sicily, 
comprising  its  S.E.  portion. 

Notre  Dame,  no't'r  dim,  a  post-village  in  Clay  town- 
ship, St.  Joseph  CO.,  Ind.,  li  miles  N.  of  South  Bend.  It 
is  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad  and  on  the  St.  Joseph 
River.  Hero  is  the  University  of  Notre  Dame  (Catholic), 
with  43  instructors,  about  275  students,  and  a  library  of 
11,000  volumes,  also  an  academy,  2  convents,  2  churches, 
and  1  or  2  newspaper  offices. 

Notre  Dame  Auxiliatrice.    See  Buckland. 

Notre  Dame  Bay,  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Newfound- 
land, is  between  lat.  49°  30'  and  50°  N.  and  Ion.  65°  and 
56°  W.,  bounded  N.  by  Cape  St.  John. 

Notre  Dame  de  Bondeviile,  not'r  dim  d^h  bisd*- 
veel',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine-Inferioure,  arrondisso- 
mcnt  of  Rouen.     Pop.  1810. 

Notre  Dame  de  Cenilly,  not'r  dim  d^h  s§h-neo'« 
yee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Mancho,  arrondissoment  of 
Coutiinces.     Pop.  1893. 

Notre  Dame  de  Grace,  not'r  dim  d§h  griss,  a  vil- 
lage in  llochelaga  co.,  Quebec,  2  miles  from  Montreal. 

Notre  Dame  de  Liesse,  not'r  dim  d§h  le-5ss',  a 
town  of  France,  in  Aisne,  near  the  Souche.     Pop.  1408. 

Notre  Dame  de  Mont,  not'r  dim  d^h  m6N<>,  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  in  Vendee,  near  Les  Sables.     Pop.  1345. 

Notre  Dame  de  Richelieu.    See  Village  Richb- 

LIEU. 

Notre  Dame  des  Milliers,  not'r  dim  di  meePyi' 
(or  mee^yi'),  a  village  of  France,  in  Upper  Savoy,  on  the 
Iscre,  6  miles  E.  of  Evian.     Pop.  945, 

Notre  Dame  du  Lac.    See  Detour  du  Lac. 

Notre  Dame  du  Portage,  not'r  dim  dii  porHizh',  a 
post- village  and  watering-place  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Temis- 
couata,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  3i  miles  from 
Lake  Road.     Pop.  160. 

Not'tawa,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  St.  Joseph  co., 
Mich.,  in  Nottawa  township,  on  the  Grand  Rapids  &  In- 
diana Railroad,  28  miles  S.  of  Kalamazoo,  and  4  miles  E. 
of  Centreville.  It  has  3  stores.  Pop.  about  150.  The 
township  contains  Wasepi  on  the  Michigan  Central  Rail- 
road, and  has  a  pop.  of  1882. 

Not'tawa,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  3 
miles  from  CoUingwood.  It  contains  several  stores,  2 
hotels,  and  a  grist-mill.    Pop.  200. 


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Nottawa  (or  Nottaway)  Creek,  of  St.  Joseph  oc, 
ttich.,  flows  into  the  St.  Joseph  Kivcr. 

NottawaHagu,  not-t^-n-i^-saw'gn.,  a  rlrer  of  Canada, 
Ontario,  after  a  N.  course  of  more  than  60  miles  enters 
Nottawasaga  Bay  by  an  inlet  at  the  S.  end  of  Georgian 
Bay,  Lake  Huron. 

NotterOe,  not't^h-rS^^h,  an  island  of  Norway,  in  ChriSo 
tiania-Fiord,  S.  of  TSnsberg.    Length,  7  milos. 

Nottingham,  not'ting-^m,  or  Nottinghamshire, 
Bot'ting-fui-shjr,  otherwise  called  the  Cou.nty'  op  Notts,  a 
central  county  of  England,  having  N.  the  co.  of  York. 
Area,  822  square  miles.  Surface,  exoont  in  the  Vale  of 
Trent,  dirersiflod  with  gentle  hills,  and  bore  and  there  ex- 
hibiting considerable  remains  of  its  ancient  fiuuous  royal 
forest,  or  Shire-wood.  Principal  rircrs,  the  Trent,  and  its 
affluents  the  Soar  and  Idle.  Soil  mostly  a  light  sandy 
or  a  rich  clayey  loam.  Limestone  and  coal  are  abundant. 
The  county  is  the  principal  scat  of  the  cotton  hosiery  and 
lace  manufactures  in  England.  Chief  towns,  Nottingham, 
Newark,  East  Bedford,  and  Mansfield.  It  sends  ton  mem- 
bers to  the  House  of  Commons,  viz.,  two  for  the  N.  and  two 
for  the  S.  divisions  of  the  county,  and  six  for  its  boroughs. 
Pop.  in  1871,  319,758;  in  1881,  391,815;  in  1891,445,599. 

Nottingham,  a  borough  of  England,  capital  of  the 
above  county,  and  a  county  of  itself,  on  the  Lcen,  near  its 
junction  with  the  Trent,  and  also  on  the  Nottingliam  Canal, 
at  a  railway  junction,  108  miles  N.N.W.  of  London.  It  oc- 
cupies a  piuturosquo  site,  but  is  indifferently  built. 

Among  the  public  buildings  the  most  remarkable  is  the 
castle,  which  crowns  the  summit  of  a  precipitous  rock  rising 
133  feet,  but  of  which  only  a  few  vestiges  now  remain.  The 
places  of  worship  include  many  fine  churches  and  chapels. 
The  other  buildings  deserving  of  notice  are  a  large  convent, 
built  in  1846,  the  exchange,  county  hall,  guild  hall,  house 
of  correction,  workhouse,  corn  exchange,  the  barracks,  as- 
sembly-rooms, mechanics'  hall,  and  a  theatre.  It  is  the 
seat  of  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop. 

The  principal  educational  and  literary  institutions  are  the 
free  grammar-school,  the  blue-coat  school,  which  clothes  and 
educates  60  boys  and  20  girls,  the  People's  College,  a  divinity 
school,  the  Unitarian  free  school,  the  British,  national,  in- 
fant, and  ragged  schools,  the  government  school  of  design, 
the  mechanics'  institute,  the  Bromley  liouse  Subscription, 
law,  artisans',  and  other  libraries.  Among  the  charitable 
institutions  are  the  general  hospital,  the  dispensary,  the 
general  lunatic  asylum,  with  accommodation  for  160  pa- 
tients, the  Midland  Institute  for  the  Blind,  Plumptre's, 
Collins's,  and  Lambley's  Hospitals,  and  Willoughby's, 
Uandley's,  and  other  almshouses. 

The  staple  manufactures  are  hosiery,  lace,  and  bobbinet. 
These  manufactures  were  long  carried  on  exclusively  in  the 
homes  of  the  workmen,  but  large  factories,  employing  steam- 
power,  are  now  engaged  in  this  branch  of  industry.  In 
addition  to  the  staple  manufactures,  including  the  machine- 
shops,  and  other  industrial  establishments  dependent  on 
them,  much  capital  is  employed  in  the  cotton  and  woollen 
manufactures,  in  silk-,  worsted-,  and  cotton-spinning-mills, 
and  in  making  articles  of  malleable  and  cast  iron,  wire, 
pins,  brass  fenders,  <fcc.  The  trade  in  corn  and  cattle  is 
very  important,  the  malting  business  is  extensively  pros- 
ecuted, and  the  breweries  have  long  been  famous  for  their 
ale.  Of  four  annual  fairs,  one,  called  the  Goose  Fair, 
is  so  celebrated,  and  forms  such  an  era,  that  many  of  the 
inhabitants  date  all  the  events  of  the  year  from  it. 

Nottingham  was  in  early  times  a  great  resort  of  the 
Druids.  Under  the  Saxon  heptarchy  it  belonged  to  the 
kingdom  of  Mercia,  and,  after  its  dissolution,  ranked  as  a 
Danish  borough.  Several  parliaments  have  been  held  in 
it:  and  from  this  town  Richard  III.  marched  with  his 
forces  to  Bosworth  Field  in  1483.  It  communicates  by  a 
canal  with  the  Codnor  iron  and  coal  district.  Henry  Kirke 
AVhite  was  a  native  of  Nottingham.  The  borough  is  gov- 
erned by  a  mayor,  14  aldermen,  and  42  councillors,  and 
sends  two  members  to  Parliament.     Pop.  in  1891,  211,984. 

Not'tinghani,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  in  Nottingham 
township.  Wells  co.,  Ind.,  about  35  miles  S.  of  Fort  Wayne. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1432. 

Nottingham,  a nost-vill.age  of  Prince  George's  co.,  Md., 
on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Patuxent  River,  48  miles  S.  by  W. 
of  Baltimore.     It  has  a  hotel,  a  masonic  hall,  and  2  stores. 

Nottingham,  a  post-village  in  Nottingham  township, 
Rockingham  co.,  N.H.,  14  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Dover,  and  24 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Concord.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1130. 

Nottingham,  a  post-village  in  Euclid  township,  Cuya- 
hoga CO.,  0.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  9  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Cleveland.  It  has  2  churches,  a  convent,  cattle  -grounds, 
and  an  extensive  railroad-yard. 


Nottinghf^m,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  0.    P.  921 

Nottingham,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co.,  l>a.,  on  tli« 
Phila(lcl|>liia.t  Baltimore  Central  Uailroad,  56  milos  W.S.W 
of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a  church,  2  warehouses,  and  a  nuui' 
ufactory  of  phosphate.     Pop.  about  75. 

Nottingham,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Pa.  Poa 
924.     It  has  beds  of  coal.  ' 

Nottinghamshire,  England.    See  NoTTiNoniu. 

Not'ting-Ilill,  England,  co.  of  Middlesex,  is  a  lub^ 
urban  hamlet  of  London,  on  the  Uxbridgo  road,  4^  milw 
from  St.  Paul's. 

Not'tington,  a  hamlot  of  Enghind,  oo.  of  Dorset,  '. 
milos  N.W.  of  Weymouth. 

Nott'la,  or  Not'la,  a  post-township  of  Chorckcc  co. 
N.C.,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Murphy.     Pop.  940. 

Not'toway,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Virginia,  has  ni 
area  of  about  300  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  un  the  S.  b^ 
the  Nottoway  River.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and  nearl' 
one-third  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  Indian  corn,  wbeui 
oats,  and  tobacco  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  i 
intersected  by  the  Norfolk  &  Western  and  Ricliuiond  i 
Danville  Railroads,  the  former  of  which  connects  witi 
Nottoway  Court-House,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  9291 
in  1880,  11,130;  in  1890,  11,582. 

Nottoway  Court-IIousc,  a  post-village,  capital  ol 
Nottoway  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  <k  Ohic 
Railroad,  at  Nottoway  Station,  43  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Peters 
burg.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Nottoway  Mills,  a  station  in  Southampton  co.,  Va, 
on  the  Nottoway  River,  and  on  the  Seaboard  <k  Roanok 
Railroad.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Nottoway  lliver,  Virginia,  rises  in  or  near  Nottowa^ 
CO.,  and  runs  in  an  E.S.E.  direction.  It  intersects  the  coc 
of  Sussex  and  Southampton,  from  which  it  runs  soutbwar 
into  North  Carolina  and  unites  with  the  Meherrin  Rive 
to  form  the  Chowan.     It  is  about  175  miles  long. 

Nottuin,  not'todin,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  gov 
ernmont  of  MUnstcr.     Pop.  of  commune,  3549. 

Nottweil,  nott'^il,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  cantoi 
and  10  miles  N.W.  of  Lucerne.     Pop.  1054. 

Nouaille,  La,  12.  noo^&I',  a  village  of  France,  depart 
ment  of  Creuse,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Aubusson.     Pop.  1480. 

Nouic,  noo^eck',  a  village  of  France,  in  Uaute-Vionne 
7i  miles  S.W.  of  Bellac.     Pop.  1507. 

Nouh,  a  town  of  India.    Sec  Niio. 

Noukahiva,  an  island  in  the  Pacific.  See  Nooeaheetj 

Nouko,  an  island  of  Russia.     See  Nuko. 

Noumea,  or  Num6a,  noo-mi-1',  also  called  Port 
de-France,  poR-d§h-fro.vss,  a  town,  capital  of  the  FrencI 
colony  of  New  Caledonia,  on  the  Bay  of  NoumC'a,  and  oi 
the  S.W.  side  of  the  island,  near  its  S.E.  extremity.  It  ha 
a  large  and  excellent  harbor,  government  house,  museum 
barracks,  convict-establishments,  and  a  home  for  poor  chiJ 
drcn  sent  out  from  Paris.     Pop.  5000. 

Noumidia,  or  Noniadia,  the  Greek  for  NuuisiA. 

Noun,  a  river  of  Manchooria.    See  Noos. 

Noun,  Morocco.     See  Noo.v,  also  Akassa. 

Nounivak,  an  island  of  Alaska.    Sec  NooxivAK. 

Noura,  a  river  of  Siberia.    See  Noora. 

Nourse,  noorss,  a  river  of  Southwest  Africa,  falls  int 
the  Atlantic  near  lat.  17°  20'  S.  It  appears  to  be  the  saui. 
as  the  Bembaroughe. 

Nourunga,  noo-rfing'gi,  Norunga,  no-rung'gi,  o 
Aurungabad,  o-rung'g£-bid',  a  town  of  Bengal,  G.iyi 
district.  Lat.  24°  45'  N.;  Ion.  84°  25'  E.  It  has  ajuil^ 
court-houses,  distilleries,  and  a  good  trade.     Pop.  3075. 

Nouveau,  noo'vO'  (feminine,  Nouvelle,  noo'vill'), : 
French  word  signifying  "  new,"  and  forming  a  part  of  nui 
merous  geographical  names  in  different  parts  of  the  world 
as  Nouvelle-Orleans  (New  Orleans),  <tc.  ! 

Nouveau-Brunswicli.    See  New  Bru.xswick. 

Nouveau-Mexique.    See  New  Mexico. 

Nouvelle,  noo'vSir,  or  Mcguasha,  me-gwl'sha,  «. 
post-village  and  fishing-station  in  Bonaventuroco.,  Quebec 
at  the  entrance  of  a  river  of  the  same  name  into  the  Bajl 
of  Chalcurs,  12  miles  from  Carleton. 

Nonvelle-Bretagne.    See  New  Britaix. 

Nouvelle-Cal6donie.    See  New  Caledo-nia. 

Nouvelle-^cosse.    See  Nova  Scotia. 

Nouvelle-Galles-du-Sud.  See  New  South  Wales 

Nouvelle-Guince  ("New  Guinea").    See  Papua. 

Nouvelle-Orleans.    See  New  Orleans. 

Nouvelle-Z6lande.    See  New  Zealand. 

Nouvellc-Zemble.    See  Nova  Zemdla.  ^ 

Nouvion,  nooVe-6.v',  a  town  of  France,  in  Aisne,  .- 
miles  N.E.  of  Saint-Quentin.     Pop.  2180, 

Nouzon,  noo'ziiio',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ardennes,  oi 


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he  Meuse,  7  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  M6ziSres.  Pop.  5255. 
t  has  important  iron-works,  and  manufactures  of  fire-arms, 
ron-ware,  and  agricultural  machines. 

No'va,  a  post-village  of  Ashland  co.,  0.,  in  Troy  town- 
hip,  about  24  miles  N.N.E.  of  iMansfleld.  It  has  2  churches, 
'op.  about  250. 

Nova  Castra,  an  ancient  name  of  Neuss. 
Nova  Friburgo,  no'vi  fre-boon'go,  a  town  of  Brazil, 
late  and  120  miles  N.E.  of  Rio  Janeiro. 
JJovaia-Kargata,  a  town  of  Kussia.  See  Nikolskaia. 
Novaia-Iiadoga,  Kussia.     See  Ladoga. 
Novaia-Ooshitsa,  or  NoAVJija-Uschiza,  no-vl'i 
3-shit'zi  ("  New  Ooshitsa"),  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Podolia, 
j  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ooshitsa.    Pop.  4502. 
Novalaise,  no-v3,-liz',  a  village  of  France,  in  Savoy,  8 
liles  W.  of  Chambery. 

Novalesa,  no-vA-lA'si,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
urin,  3  miles  N.  of  Susa.     Pop.  1156. 
Nova  Paphos,  the  ancient  name  of  Bafpa. 
Novara,  no-v4'rA  (anc.  Nova'ria),  a  city  of  Italy,  in 
liodmont,  between  the  Agogna  and  Terdoppio,  at  a  rail- 
^y  junction,  30  miles  W.  of  Milan.     Lat.  45°  27'  N.;  Ion. 

38'  B.  Pop.  29,516.  It  is  partly  enclosed  by  ramparts 
id  ditches,  defended  by  a  castle,  and  has  a  noble,  cathe- 
■al,  with  a  fine  baptistery,  about  10  other  churches,  several 
invents,  a  large  hospital,  2  colleges,  a  hall  of  commerce, 
id  a  theatre,  with  manufactures  of  cotton,  silk,  and  linen 
ibrios,  hats,  and  leather.  It  is  a  bishop's  see. 
Novara,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  bounded  N. 
\  Switzerland  and  E.  by  Lombardy.  Area,  2527  square 
files.  It  is  in  largo  part  an  alpine  region,  with  fertile 
kllcys.  Capital,  Novara.  Pop.  624,985. 
jNovarro  Ridge,  California.  See  Navarro  RinpE. 
(Nova  Scotia,  no'va  sko'she-a  (Fr.  Nouuelle-Mcotae, 
ioViU'-i^koss';  originally  Acadie,  i'kiMeo'),  a  prov- 
iso of  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  lying  between  43°  25'  and 
f  N.  lat.  and  between  59°  40'  and  66°  25'  AV.  Ion.  It 
insists  of  a  long,  narrow  peninsula,  called  Nova  Scotia 
bper,  and  the  island  of  Capo  Breton,  which  is  separated 
lim  the  mainland  by  the  Gut  of  Canso.     It  is  bounded  N. 

Northumberland  Strait  (which  separates  it  from  Prince 

ward  Island)  and  by  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence;  N.E.,  S., 
a  S.E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean ;  W.  by  the  Bay  of  Fundy ; 

1  N.  by  New  Brunswick,  with  which  it  is  connected  by 
:  isthmus  only  11  miles  wide,  separating  the  Bay  of  Fundy 
'.\m  Northumberland  Strait.  Greatest  length,  from  S.W. 
(N.E.,  350  miles;  greatest  breadth,  about  120  miles;  area, 
3600  square  miles. 

jrhe  Cobequid  Range  of  mountains  runs  through  the  in- 
fior  of  the  province,  and  on  each  side  of  this  range  are 
1 1,  arable  lands,  where  agricultural  operations  are  carried 
(.extensively.  From  Briar  Island,  at  the  extremity  of 
]j;by  Neck,  to  Cape  Split,  a  distance  of  130  miles  along 
t(  Bay  of  Fundy,  extends  a  ridge  of  mural  precipices,  in 
nay  places  from  100  to  600  feet  in  height,  beyond  which 
1  the  rich  and  beautiful  valley  of  the  Annapolis. 

'ova  Scotia  is  abundantly  supplied  with  capacious  har- 
tii,  there  being  no  fewer  than  14  of  sufficient  depth  for 
ijchantmen  between  Halifax  and  Cape  Canso,  a  distance 
Ofiot  more  than  110  miles.  There  are  also  some  excellent 
hibors  on  the  S.W.  coast,  on  Cape  Breton  Island,  and  on 
t|  N.  side  of  the  province.  The  largest  lake  in  Nova 
Sua  proper  is  Lake  Rossignol,  being  20  miles  in  length; 
ai  among  others  are  Ship  Harbor  Lake,  15  miles  long ; 
Gjnd  Lake,  discharging  its  waters  northward  through  Shu- 
b  icadie  River  to  Cobequid  Bay ;  and  College  Lake,  in  the 
ei.Drn  part  of  the  peninsula.  The  lakes  of  Cape  Breton  are 
a; h  larger  and  more  important.  The  great  Bras  d'Or  Lake 
i^ magnificent  expanse  of  water,  of  great  depth,  about  50 
tt  3  in  length,  and  abounding  with  the  best  quality  of  fish. 
Osio  rivers  of  Nova  Scotia  the  most  important  are  the  Shu- 
bifioadie,  the  Avon,  and  the  Annapolis,  flowing  into  the 
B^  of  Fundy ;  the  St.  Mary's,  Musquodoboit,  La  Have,  and 
Mirpool,  flowing  into  the  Atlantic.  The  most  remarkable 
b<:'  of  water  in  the  province  is  Minas  Basin,  the  E.  arm 
Dlfho  Bay  of  Fundy,  penetrating  60  miles  inland,  and 
tej  inating  in  Cobequid  Bay.  The  tides  here  rush  in  with 
gnt  impetuosity,  and  form  what  is  called  the  hore.  At 
thiiquinoxes  they  have  been  known  to  rise  from  40  to  60 
le!  while  in  Halifax  harbor,  on  the  opposite  coast,  the 
fPJg  tides  rise  only  from  6  to  8  feet.  The  other  principal 
M  are  St.  George's  Bay  and  Chedabucto  Bay,  in  the  E., 
coiected  by  the  Gut  of  Canso  ;  St.  Mary's  Bay  and  Town- 
?«  Bay,  in  the  extreme  W.  of  the  peninsula;  and  Ma- 
li': and  St.  Margaret's  Bays,  on  the  S.  coast. 

|e  province  of  Nova  Scotia  is  rich  in  geological  re- 
•Oi,ie«,  all  the  rocks  from  the  crystalline  granites  up  to 


iL 


the  new  sandstone  series  being  here  met  with.  In  the 
isthmus  connecting  the  peninsula  to  New  Brunswick,  the 
underlying  rocks  consist  of  gray-,  red-,  and  buff-colored 
sandstones  of  the  coal-measures,  containing  seams  of  good 
bituminous  coal,  many  of  which  are  profitably  worked. 
The  rocks  of  this  coal  formation  also  furnish  an  abundance 
of  excellent  material  for  building  and  for  grindstones. 
Coal  is  found  abundantly  in  Pictou  co.  and  on  the  island 
of  Cape  Breton.  The  province  possesses  undoubtedly  rich 
deposits  of  gold  and  iron,  besides  copper,  lead,  silver,  and 
other  minerals.  The  gold-yield  of  Nova  Scotia,  from  the 
first  working  of  the  mines  in  1860  to  the  close  of  1S72, 
is  valued  at  £948,000.  Iron  is  a  staple  production ;  tho 
quantity  of  ore  is  inexhaustible,  and  the  quality  of  iron 
manufactured  is  equal  to  the  best.  Manganese  is  abundant, 
and  gypsum  is  extensively  worked  near  Windsor  and  in  Capo 
Breton.  Tho  slate-hills  furnish  good  roofing-slates,  and  hones 
of  a  superior  quality  are  obtained  in  some  of  the  slates  of 
tho  coal  series.  Beautiful  agates,  amethysts,  chalcedonies, 
jaspers,  cairngorms,  and  the  entire  group  of  zeolite  minerals 
abound  in  the  amygdaloid.al  trap  along  the  Bay  of  Fundy. 

The  climate  of  Nova  Scotia  is  remarkably  temperate, 
considering  its  northern  latitude.  The  extreme  of  cold  is 
20°  below  zero;  the  extreme  of  heat,  98°  above,  in  the 
shade.  The  springs  are  tedious,  the  summer  heats  being 
for  a  brief  season  excessive ;  vegetation  is  singularly  rapid, 
and  the  autumn  is  delightful.  Dense  fogs  are  at  certain 
seasons  prevalent  along  the  Atlantic  coast.  Wheat,  rye, 
oats,  barley,  buckwheat,  Indian  corn,  potatoes,  turnips, 
mangel-wurzel,  tomatoes,  and  other  grains  and  roots  grow 
in  abundance  and  perfection.  Apples,  pears,  plums,  cher- 
ries, and  other  garden  fruits  attain  the  utmost  perfection. 
In  some  sections  of  the  country  peaches  and  grapes  ripen 
in  the  open  air.  The  apple-orchards  of  Annapolis  and 
Kings  COS.  are  very  productive. 

The  manufactures  include  coarse  cloths,  called  "  home- 
spuns," flannels,  bed-linen,  blankets,  carpets,  and  tweeds. 
Tanning  is  carried  on  to  some  extent ;  and  in  the  towns 
and  villages  boots,  shoes,  saddlery,  harness,  household  fur- 
niture, and  agricultural  implements  are  made  in  largo 
quantities.  In  the  neighborhood  of  Halifax,  tobacco, 
printing-  and  wrapping-paper,  machinery,  nails,  pails,  gun- 
powder, carriages,  and  other  articles  are  manufactured. 

If  we  except  Newfoundland,  Nova  Scotia  may  be  said  to 
possess  the  finest  fisheries  in  the  world.  There  is  no  part 
of  its  coast  of  1000  miles  where  a  profitable  fishery  may 
not  be  pursued.  Its  bays  and  harbors  and  inland  lakes 
and  rivers  teem  with  salmon,  cod,  halibut,  haddock,  mack- 
erel, herring,  shad,  lobsters,  <fec.  Ship-building  is  very 
extensively  carried  on. 

There  are  over  400  miles  of  railway  in  operation  in  the 
province.  The  Intercolonial  proceeds  from  Halifax  to 
Amherst,  138  miles,  and  thence  to  St.  John,  N.B.,  and 
from  Truro  to  Pictou,  52  miles.  Tho  AVindsor  &  Annapolis 
proceeds  from  Windsor  Junction  to  Annapolis,  116  miles. 
The  electric  telegraph  is  established  all  over  the  province. 

The  public  afiairs  of  the  province  are  administered  by  a 
lieutenant-governor,  an  executive  council  of  9  members,  a 
legislative  council  of  21  members,  appointed  for  life,  and  a 
legislative  assembly  of  38  members,  elected  every  four 
years.  The  laws  are  dispensed  by  a  supreme  court,  com- 
posed of  a  chief  and  9  assistant  justices,  a  court  of  error, 
of  vice-admiralty,  and  of  marriage  and  divorce.  In  each 
county  there  is  a  court  of  probate,  which  has  control  of  the 
property  of  deceased  persons. 

Nova  Scotia  (exclusive  of  Cape  Breton,  which  see)  is 
divided  into  14  counties,  as  follows  :  Annapolis,  Antigonish, 
Colchester,  Cumberland,  Digby,  Guysborough,  Halifax, 
Hants,  Kings,  Lunenburg,  Pictou,  Queens,  Shelburne,  and 
Yarmouth.     Total  pop,  of  the  province,  in  1891,  450,523. 

Halifax  is  the  capital  and  chief  city  in  Nova  Scotia. 
Its  harbor  is  very  fine,  and  protected  by  a  fortress.  Small 
towns  and  villages  are  scattered  over  the  province,  which 
are  accessible  from  tho  most  remote  districts  by  railway  or 
steamboat,  or  by  good  carriage-roads. 

Education  is  free  to  the  children  of  all  classes.  There 
are  numerous  public  schools  and  academies,  besides  a  nor- 
mal and  model  school,  several  convents,  and  6  colleges. 
There  are  2  Roman  Catholic  dioceses  in  the  province, — 
the  archdiocese  of  Halifax  and  the  diocese  of  Arichat, — and 
1  of  the  Church  of  England,  that  of  Nova  Scotia  and  Prince 
Edward  Island. 

Nova  Scotia  was  first  visited  by  John  Cabot  and  his  son 
Sebastian  in  1497,  but  was  not  colonized  by  Europeans  until 
1604,  when  De  Monts,  a  Frenchman,  and  some  Jesuits,  at- 
tempted for  8  years  to  form  settlements  in  Port  Royal,  St. 
Croix,  &o.,  but  were  finally  expelled  from  the  countrr  br  - 


NOV 


12032 


NOV 


tbe  Engli»h  covornorand  colonlstsof  Virginia,  who  clivimcd 
the  country  by  right  of  tho  discovery  of  the  Ciibots.  In 
1821,  Sir  William  Aloxiindcr  applied  for  and  obtained  from 
James  I.  a  grant  of  the  whole  country,  which  ho  proposed 
to  colonize  on  an  extensive  scale,  and  in  1623  the  attempt 
was  made ;  but  the  proposed  colonists  did  not  think  it 
prudent  to  attempt  a  settlement,  and  therefore  returned  to 
England.  In  1054,  Cromwell  sent  an  armeil  force  and  took 
powestion  of  the  country,  which  remained  with  tho  English 
till  1667,  when  it  was  coded  to  France  by  tho  Treaty  of 
Dreda.  But  tho  English  from  time  to  time  attacked  tho 
French  colonists  at  various  points  till  1713,  when  tho 
country  was  finally  ceded  to  England.  In  1763  the  island 
of  Cape  Breton  was  annexed  to  Nova  Scotia.  In  1784  the 
province  of  New  Brunswick  was  created  ;  and  in  1867 
Kova  Scotia  became  a  member  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada. 

Novate,  no-vi't4,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  province 
and  6  miles  N.W.  of  Milan.     Pop.  2168. 

Novnto,  no-vJl'to,  a  haralot  of  Marin  co.,  Cal.,  Jn  No- 
vate township,  about  28  miles  N.  of  San  Francisco.  No- 
Tato  Point,  in  this  co.,  is  on  the  Bay  of  San  Pablo. 

Novawetz,no'v4-*5t8\Novawe8Z,orNowa\ves8, 
no'vA-^6s8\  a  town  of  Prussia,  a  suburb  of  Potsdam.  It 
has  cotton-  and  linen-weaving.     Pop.  6664. 

Nova  Zembia,  no'vazfim'bla  (Russ.  Novala  Zemlia, 
no-vl'i  Eflm'Io-i;  Fr.  A'otivelle-Zemble,  noo^vfill-zfijib'I), 
two  large  islands  of  the  Arctic  Ocean,  belonging  to  Russia, 
and  forming  a  dependency  of  tho  government  of  Archangel. 
Lat.  71°  to  77°  N. ;  Ion.  53°  to  77°  E.  They  are  separated 
from  each  other  by  the  narrow  strait  Matotshkin  Shar; 
and  from  the  Isle  of  Vaigats  on  tho  S.  by  Kara  Strait,  and 
from  the  mainland  on  tho  E.  by  tho  Sea  of  Kara.  Greatest 
length,  N.E.  to  S.W.,  635  miles  ;  breadth,  170  miles.  Tho 
whole  territory  is  wild  and  desolate  in  the  extreme.  The 
coasts  swarm  with  seals,  various  kinds  of  fish,  and  vast 
flights  of  water-fowl.  The  interior,  which  is  partly  covered 
with  stunted  shrubs,  short  grass,  and  moss,  is  frequented 
by  reindeer,  white  bears,  ermines,  and  Arctic  foxes.  Nova 
Zcmbla  has  no  permanent  inhabitants,  but  is  visited  by 
Kussian  hunters  and  fishers. 

Nov^ant,  no'vi*5N"',  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Lor- 
raine, on  a  railroad,  16  miles  from  Nancy.     Pop.  1221. 

Novegrad,  no'vi-grid\  or  Novigrad,  no've-grld*,  a 
village  of  Dalmatia,  3U  miles  N.E.  of  Zara. 

Novelda,  no-vSl'd&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  13 
miles  W.  of  Alicante.  Pop.  5431,  partly  engaged  in  dis- 
tilling, and  in  manufactures  of  lace  and  confectionery. 

Novel  lara,  no-v5l-l3,'rfl,,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  16 
miles  N.W.  of  Modena.  It  has  a  hospital,  podestd'*  palace, 
some  manufactures  of  silk  and  leather,  weekly  markets, 
and  a  large  annual  fair.     Pop.  7088. 

Novello,  no-v8l'lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Coni, 
near  the  Tanaro.     Pop.  1552. 

Nov'elty,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co..  Mo.,  about  27 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Macon.     It  has  several  stores. 

Novemiasto,  or  Nowemiasto,  no-vSm-y&s'to,  a 
town  of  Austrian  Poland,  Galicia,  31  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sanok. 

Nove  Miasto,  a  town  of  Poland,  government  of  Petri- 
kau,  47  miles  S.S.W.  of  Warsaw.  Pop.  2400.  It  has  a 
fine  palace  and  grounds,  and  a  Capuchin  monastery.  See 
also  Wladislawow. 

Novemiasto  Korczyn,  no-vSm-yis'to  kon'chin,  a 
town  of  Poland,  39  miles  S.  of  Kiolcoj  on  the  Vistula. 

Novemiesto,  or  Nowemiesto.    See  Neustadt. 

Noventa,  no-vfin'ti,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  16 
miles  S.W.  of  Viccnza.     Pop.  4963. 

Noventa  di  Piave,  no-vJn'tS,  dee  pe-i'vi,  a  village 
of  Italy,  on  the  Piave,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Venice.   Pop.  3563. 

Noves,  nov,  a  town  of  France,  in  Bouches-du-Rh&ne, 
on  the  Durance,  19  miles  N.E.  of  Aries.  It  is  enclosed  by 
high  walls  flanked  by  square  towers,  and  has  silk-mills. 
Pop.  of  commune,  2130. 

Noves,  no-vfis',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  15  miles 
N.W.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  2305. 

Novesium,  an  ancient  name  of  Nedss. 

Noves'ta,  a  post-township  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich.,  12 
miles  E.  of  Caro.     Pop.  171. 

Novgorod,  nov*go-rod',  or  NoVogorod',  a  govern- 
ment of  Russia,  between  lat.  67°  and  61°  N.  and  Ion.  30° 
and  40°  E.,  having  E.  the  governments  of  Vologda  and 
Yaroslav,  S.  Tver,  W.  and  N.  Pskov,  St.  Petersburg,  and 
Olonets.  Area,  47,356  square  miles.  Pop.  1,011,445.  The 
surface  has  a  gradual  descent  towards  the  N.E.  Principal 
rivers,  the  Volkhov,  Msta,  Sheksna,  Mologa,  and  Lovat, 
and  it  comprises  the  lakes  Bielo-Ozero,  Vozh  (Voj),  and  II- 
men.  The  chief  crops  are  rye,  oats,  and  barley.  Quanti- 
ties of  hemp  and  flax  are  raised  for  exportation,  but  timber 


constitutes  the  principal  product.  Few  cattle  are  rcare> 
Many  of  tho  population  are  employed  in  lishing.  Tl 
manufactures  are  unimportant.  It  has  a  few  copper-,  glass 
tile-,  leather-,  and  woollen-oloth-factories.  Principal  town 
Novgorod,  Valdai,  and  Tikhvin. 

Novgorod,  or  Velikec  (Velild)  Novgorod,  vi 
lee'kee  nov'go-rod'  ("Great  Novgorod"),  a  city  of  Russi 
capital  of  a  government  of  the  same  name,  on  the  Volkho 
near  the  point  where  it  issues  from  Lake  Ilmcn,  103  mili 
by  rail  S.S.E.  of  St.  Petersburg.  It  is  divided  by  the  rlvi 
into  two  parts,  nnd  contains  the  governor's  residence,  tl 
Kremlin  or  citadel,  the  cathedral  of  St.  Sophia,  built  al'ti 
the  model  of  St.  Sophia  at  Constantinople  (besides  whic 
there  are  sixty-one  other  churches),  tho  archbishop's  pa 
ace,  and  numerous  nunneries  and  monasteries,  one  of  whic' 
the  monastery  of  the  Annunciation,  is  a  remarkably  elegai 
structure.  The  town  has  a  splendid  monument,  built  i 
1862  to  commemorate  the  1000th  anniversary  of  the  found 
tion  of  the  Russian  empire,  of  which  Novgorod  was  tl 
first  capital.  Tho  manufactures  consist  of  sail-cloth,  lenthe 
tobacco,  candles,  and  vinegar.  Tho  trade  in  corn,  flax,  ar 
hemp,  carried  on  chiefly  with  the  capital,  is  considerabl 
and  there  are  two  large  annual  fairs.  During  the  twelft 
thirteenth,  and  fourteenth  centuries  it  was  a  grand  con 
mercial  entrcp6t,  and  so  famous  that  a  Russian  proverb  ni 
"  Who  can  prevail  against  the  gods  and  the  great  Novg 
rod  ?"  Its  population  is  said  to  have  once  amounted 
400,000,  and  it  carried  on  an  extensive  trade.  So  gre 
were  its  riches  that,  in  1480,  Ivan  III.,  after  he  had  co- 
quered  the  republic  of  Novgorod,  despatched  from  the  ci 
to  Moscow  three  hundred  chariots  laden  with  silver  ai 
gold.  Pop.  17,093.  The  Canal  OF  Novgorod,  which  joii 
the  Msta  and  Volkhov  Rivers,  is  5  miles  in  length,  and  o 
viatcs  the  navigation  of  Lake  Ilmen. 

Novgorod,  Nizhnee.    See  Nizhnee-Novgorod. 

Novgorod-Severskoie,nov^go-rod'8i-v5R-sko'y4, 
Novorod-Sievcrskoi,  no-vo-rod'  se-i-vin-skoi',  al 
written  Novgorod  Ssjewersk,  nov*go-rod'  syi-viRsl 
a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  109  miles  E.N.E.  i 
Chei-nigov,  on  the  Desna.  It  has  an  active  trade  in  eor 
hcmj),  and  lime,  and  3  large  annual  fairs.     Pop.  6415. 

Novgrad- Volynski,  nov^grid'  vo-lin'skcc,  or  Nov) 
grad-Volynsk,  no-ve-grld'  vo-linsk',  a  town  of  Russi 
in  Volhynia,  on  tho  Slootch,  62  miles  W.N.W.  of  Zhit 
meer.     Pop.  9341. 

Novi,  no'vee,  a  town  of  Bosnia,  66  miles  by  rail  W.N. A 
of  Banialooka,  on  the  Unna. 

Novi,  a  maritime  town  of  Hungarian  Croatia,  12  mil 
N.W.  of  Zengg,  and  the  residence  of  its  bishop.  Pop.  264 

Novi,  no'vee,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  plain  of  Mareng 
at  the  foot  of  the  Apennines,  province  and  14  miles  S.E.  i 
Alessandria,  at  a  railway  junction.  Lat.  43°  47'  N.;  lo 
8°  48'  E.  It  has  several  churches,  a  college,  a  hospitt 
manufactures  of  silk  thread,  and  an  active  trade,  it  beii 
an  entrepSt  for  goods  passing  between  Genoa  and  Turi 
On  the  adjoining  plain,  in  1799,  the  Austro-Russian  arn 
under  Suwarow  defeated  the  French.     Pop.  12,162. 

Novi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  20  miles  N. 
Modena.     Pop.  6015. 

Novi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Salerno,  18  mil 
S.S.W.  of.  Capaccio.     Pop.  1148. 

No'vi,  a  post-village  in  Novi  township,  Oakland  o< 
Mich.,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Rouge  River,  and  on  tl 
Flint  k  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  31  miles  W.N.W.  of  D 
troit,  and  18  miles  S.W.  of  Pontiac.  It  has  2  churchc 
Pop.  about  300  ;  of  tho  township,  1282. 

Novi-Bazar,  no'vee  bl^zan',  or  Ycni-Bazar, 
town  of  Bosnia,  capital  of  the  district  of  Rascia,  on  ! 
affluent  of  the  Morava,  130  miles  S.E.  of  Bosna  Serai, 
has  a  castle  in  its  centre,  17  mosques,  and  some  shops,  b 
it  is  generally  wretched  and  filthy,  built  of  little  else  thii 
mud,  and  none  of  the  windows  being  glazed ;  but  the  to» 
is  commercially  important.     Pop.  16,000. 

Novidvor,  Nowidwor,  or  Nowyi-Dwor,  no've 
d'vor,  a  town  of  Russia,  16  miles  by  rail  N.AV.  of  Warsal 
at  the  junction  of  the  Vistula  and  Bug.    Pop.  5217. 

Novigrad,  no-ve-grid',  a  seaport  town  of  Hungary,  < 
the  Morlacca  Strait,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Fiume.    Pop.  3477 

Novigrad,  a  village  of  Dalmatia.    See  Novegrad. 

Novigrad- Volynsk,    See  Novgrad-Volvn.ski. 

Noville-les-Bois,  noVeel'  li  bwi,  a  village  of  B< 
giura,  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Namur.     Pop.  1350. 

Noviodunuin,  supposed  ancient' name  of  GurkfeUI 

Noviodiinum,  the  ancient  name  of  Nevers. 

Noviodunum,  the  ancient  name  of  Nyox. 

Noviodunuin,  an  ancient  name  of  Soissoss. 

Noviomagus,  the  •ncient  name  of  Noyok. 


NOV 


2033 


NOT 


Noviomagus,  Netherlands.    See  Nvmwegev. 

Noviomagus,  an  ancient  name  of  Speyer. 

Novita,  no-vee'ti,  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Colombia, 
50  miles  E.  of  the  Pacific,  and  130  miles  S.W.  of  Antioquia. 
Pop.  2000. 

Novo-AIexandrovsk,  or  Nowo-Alexandrowsk, 
no'vo  &-lex"in-drovsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of 
Kovno,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Diinaburg.     Pop.  6115. 

Novo-Bayazet,  or  Nowo-13ajaset,  no'vo  b4-yA- 
6et',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  30  miles  N.E.  of 
Erivan,  near  the  lake  called  Goktsche-Dcnghis.  Pop.  4S70. 

No'vO"Bykhof,  be-Kof,  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  38  miles  S.  of  MoUeelev. 

Novocliechminsk,  Russia.    See  Novosiiesiiminsk. 

Novo-Cherkask,  or  Novo-Tcherkask,  no'vo- 
ch^K-kisk',  a  town  of  Russia,  capit.il  of  the  country  of  the 
Don  Cossacks,  on  the  Don,  240  miles  E.S.E.  of  Yekatcrino- 
e1;vv.  The  town,  founded  in  1806,  is  generally  well  built, 
and  has  a  fine  cathedral,  with  numerous  other  churches,  a 
large  market-place,  and  a  college  with  a  library.  P.  33,397. 

Novochopersk,  Russia.    Seo  Novokhopersk. 

Novodinitrievskoe,no-vo-d'mo-tre-5v'sko-<^,  or  Ye- 
lan,  yi-lin',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  105  miles 

1W.S.W.  of  Saratov. 
Novo-Doobosary,  Russia.    See  DoonosAnY. 
Novoevanovka,  no-vo-i-vd,-nov'k&,  or  Chernian- 
'ka,  chiii-ne-in'ki,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  82 
miles  S.E.  of  Koorsk,  on  tho  Oskol. 

Novofedorovka,  or  Nowofedorowka,  no-vo-fi- 
ido-rov'ki,  or  Bezghina,  bSz-gheo'ni,  a  town  of  Russia, 
{government  and  93  miles  S.E.  of  Koorsk. 

Novo-Georgievsk,  or  Nowo-Georgijewsk,  no'- 
vo-gA-or'gh§-6vsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Chcrson,  near  tho 
Dnieper,  20  miles  W.  of  Kremcntchoog.     Pop.  10,225. 

jVovogorod,  Russia.    See  NovGonoD. 

>'ovogorodski,  noVo-go-rod'skee,  a  port  and  town 
;)f  Asiatic  Russia,  in  Primorsk,  near  Possiet  Baj',  Sea  of 
iFapan,  and  near  tho  frontiers  of  Corca  and  Chinese  Man- 
-ihooria.    It  has  coal-mines,  and  exports  ginseng. 

No^vogrod',  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  on  the  Narew, 

few  miles  below  Lomza.     Pop.  3014. 

Novogrodek,  no'vo-gro-dok',  or  Novogrudok,  no^- 
o-groo-dok',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Minsk,  80 
iiles  E.  of  Grodno.     Pop.  8553. 

Novoi-Ooseu,  no-voi'-oo'sdn,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
rnmeut  of  Samara,  about  110  miles  S.E.  of  Saratov,  on 
le  Great  Oosen,  a  long  river  which  flows  S.E.  and  is  lost 
1  the  salt-marshes  of  the  Uralian  steppe.     Pop.  7543. 

Novoi-Oskol,  no-voi'-os-kol',  a  town  of  Russia,  92 
liles  S.E.  of  Koorsk,  on  the  Oskol.     Pop.  2S37. 

Novokhopersk,  or  Novochopersk,  no-vo-Ko- 
Insk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  110  miles  E.S.E. 
^  Voronezh,  on  the  Vorona.     It  is  enclosed  by  a  fosse  and 

rampart  flanked  with  bastions,  and  in  its  docks  are  built 

Jssels  to  navigate  the  Black  Se.a.     Pop.  7353. 

Novoli,  no'vo-le,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  7  miles 

'.N.W.  of  Lecce.     Pop.  3100. 

Novomesto.    See  NEusxADTL-RuDOLPnswERTn. 

Novomirgorod,  no'vo-mSeR-go-rod',  a  fortified  town 

Russia,  government  and  155  miles  N.N.W.  of  Kherson. 

jp.  5893. 

Xovomoskovsk,  or  Nowomoskowsk,  no-vo-mos- 

ivsk',  a  fortified  town  of  Russia,  government  and  18  miles 

E.  of  Yekaterinoslav,  on  the  Samara.     Pop.  10,515. 

Novopetrovskoe,   no-vo-pA-trov'sko-i*,    a    market- 

ivn  of  Russia,  government  and  55  miles  N.W.  of  Kherson, 
'  the  Bug. 

Novoradomsk,  noVo-rl-domsk',  a  town  of  Russian 

'land,  government  of  Petrikau.     Pop.  4680. 

Novo-Redondo,  no'vo  rA-don'do,  a  seaport  town  and 

|t  of  the  Portuguese  possessions  of  Southwest  Africa,  at 

J  mouth  of  the  river  Redondo  in  the  Atlantic,  in  lat.  11° 

;'S.,  Ion.  13°  44'  40"  E. 

Novorod-Sieverskoi,    See  NovconoD-SEVERSKoiE. 

novorossisk,  no-vo-ros-sisk',  a  seaport  town  of  Rus- 

.,  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  Black  Sea,  about  30  miles  S.E. 

!  Anapa.    The  town  is  built  on  a  slope  terminating  in 

>ty  heights,  and  is  defended  by  forts.     Pop.  2988. 

|Vovorzhev,  or  Novorjev,  no-voR-zhfiv',  written  also 

;)worschew,  no-voR-shiv',  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 

"  nt  and  OS  miles  S.E.  of  Pskov.     Pop.  1658. 

Vovoselitza  (?),  no-vo-si-lit's.1,  a  town  of  Russia,  in 

'ssarabia,  27  miles  E.S.E.  of  Chotyn. 

lovosheshminsk,  Novochechminsk,  or  Nowo- 

iheschminsk,  no-vo-sh5sh-minsk',  a  town  of  Russia, 

'ernmcnt  and  95  miles  S.E.  of  Kazan, 

"fovosibkov,  or  Nowosybkow,  noSo-seeb'kSv,  a 


town  of  Russia,  government  of  Chernigov,  30  miles  E.  of 
llomel.     Pop.  7612. 

Novosil,  or  Nowosil,  no-vo-sil'  or  no-vo-seel',  a  town 
of  Russia,  86  miles  S.W.  of  Toola.     Pop.  4027. 
Novo-Troki,  a  town  of  Poland.    See  Troki. 
Novum  Forum,  tho  ancient  name  of  Fornovo. 
Novus  Burgus,  the  Latin  name  of  Newport. 
Novus  Portus,  the  Latin  name  of  Nieuwpoort, 
Novyj-Oskol,  Russia.     Seo  Novoi-Oskol. 
Nowanuggur,  Noanagar,  or  Nowanagar,  no- 
win-nQg-giir',  a  town  of  India,  on  the  Gulf  of  Cutch,  and 
on  the  N.W.  coast  of  the  Kattywar  peninsula,  310  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Bombay.     It  has  a  good  trade,  cloth -factories, 
and  a  pearl-fishery.     Pop.  34,744.     It  is  the  capital  of  th« 
native  state  of  Nowanuggur,  of  which  the  area  is  339JI 
square  miles,  and  which  has  a  pop.  of  290,847. 
Nowarzisse,  a  town  of  Moravia.    See  Neueeoscii. 
Now- Chow,  nSw-chow,  an  island  of  China,  Gulf  of 
Tonquin,  oS"  the  N.E.  part  of  tho  peninsula  of  Looee-Choo, 
lat.  20°  58'  _N.,  about  6  miles  long. 

Nowemiesto,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    Seo  Neustadt. 

Now'gong',  or  Naogaon,  ni'o-gi-ON',  a  town  of 
Assam,  capital  of  the  district  of  Nowgong,  70  miles  E.  by 
N.  of  Gowhatty,  on  a  side-channel  of  the  Brahmapootra. 
Pop.  3241. 

Nowgong,  or  Naogaon,  a  district  of  Central  Assam. 
Area,  3648  square  miles.    Capital,  Nowgong.  Pop.  256,390. 

NoAVidwor,  a  town  of  Russia.     Seo  Novidvor. 

Nowikakat,  no-we-ki'kat,  a  village  of  Alaska,  near 
tho  junction  of  tho  Nowikakat  River  with  tho  Yukon,  130 
miles  (direct)  E.  of  Nulato.  The  river  flows  112  miles  in 
an  E.N.E,  course,  and  has  on  its  N.  side  a  range  of  high- 
lands, called  the  Nowikakat  Mountains. 

Nowo.  For  numerous  Russian  and  Polish  names  with 
this  prefi.x,  see  Novo  and  its  compounds. 

Nowofedorowka,  Russia.    See  Novofedorovka. 

Nowomoskowsk.    See  Novcmoskovsk. 

Noworschew,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Novorzhev. 

Nowoscheschminsk.    See  Novosiieshmi.nsk. 

Nowosil,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Novosil. 

Nowsharra,  now-shar'ri,  a  town  of  Sinde,  70  milai 
S.E.  of  Roree,  on  the  route  to  Hyderabad.     Pop.  2950. 

Nowy-Gyrin,  a  town  of  Moravia.    See  Neutitsciieix. 

Nowyi-Kortschiu,  nov'yee-koRt'sheen,  a  town  of 
Russian  Poland,  government  of  Radom.     Pop.  3423. 

Now'zer,  a  village  of  Sinde,  7i  miles  S.E.  of  Shikar- 
poor.     Lat.  27°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  68°  40'  E. 

Nox'apa'ter,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVinston  co..  Miss., 
about  54  miles  S.W.  of  Columbus.     It  has  a  church. 

Nox'on,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  in  La 
Grange  township,  8  miles  E.  of  Poughkcepsie. 

Nox'ubee,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Mississippi,  bor- 
dering on  Alabama,  has  an  area  of  about  668  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Noxubee  (or  Okanoxubee)  River, 
an  aflluent  of  the  Tombigbee  River,  which  touches  the  N.E. 
corner  of  this  county.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is 
extensively  covered  with  forests.  Tho  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Among  the  forest  trees  are  the  cj'press,  elm,  hick- 
ory, magnolia,  oak,  tulip  tree,  Ac.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected in  the  central  part,  from  N.  to  S.,  by  the  Mobile  & 
Ohio  Railroad.  Capital,  Macon.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,905;  in 
1880,  29,874;  in  1890,  27,338. 

Noxubee  (or  Ok^anox'ubee)  River  rises  in  or  near 
Choctaw  CO.,  Miss.,  runs  southeastward  through  Noxubee 
CO.  into  Alabama,  and  enters  the  Tombigbee  River  neaJ* 
Gainesville,  in  Sumter  co.     It  is  about  130  miles  long. 

Noya,  no'yi,  a  seaport  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Co- 
runna,  21  miles  W.  of  Santiago.  Pop.  2537.  It  has  a  ship 
building  yard,  fisheries,  and  a  trade  in  pilchards. 

Noyack,  no'yak,  a  hamlet  of  Sufl"olk  co.,  N.Y"".,  3  miles 
W.  of  Sag  Harbor.     It  is  on  Little  Peconic  Bay. 

Noyal-Muzillac,  no^yll'  mii'zee^yik'  (or  mU'zeer- 
yik'),  a  village  of  France,  in  Morbihan,  18  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Vannes.     Pop.  2415. 

Noyal-Pontivy,  no*yil'  pftuoHee'vee',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Morbihan,  3  miles  E.  of  Pontivy.     Pop.  3315. 

Noyal-sur-Vilaine,  no^yil'  sun  veeMin',  a  villaga 
of  France,  in  lUc-et-Vilaine,  8  miles  E.  of  Renncs.  It  baa 
a  manufactory  of  sail-cloth.     Pop.  2593. 

Noyan,  no^yln',  a  post-villago  in  Missisquoi  co.,  Que- 
bec, near  tho  river  Richelieu,  2  miles  from  LacoUe.  It 
contains  a  church,  a  hotel,  <fcc.     Pop.  150. 

Noyen,  noi'6s»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Sarthe,  17  milei 
S.AV.  of  Le  Mans.     Pop.  1260. 

Noyers,  noi'aiR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Yonne,  on  th« 
Serain,  12  miles  S.  of  Tonnerre.    Pop.  1493. 


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No'jro,  a  post-hamlct  of  Mondooino  oo.,  Cal.,  on  or  near 
tho  PiiciQo  Ocoiin,  about  155  milos  N.N.W.  of  San  Fran- 
oi»c«).     Pop.  80. 

Noyon,  n5h'y6N»'  (ano.  Novlom'agun),  a,  town  of  Franco, 
donartmont  of  Oiso,  13  miles  N.E.  of  C«inpitigne,  and  67 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Paris,  on  a  branch  of  the  Nurthorn  Kail- 
way.  Lat.  49°  35'  N.;  Ion.  3°  1'  E.  It  is  well  built,  en- 
closed with  gardens,  has  a  large  old  cathedral,  bishop's  pal- 
ace, a  hospital,  seminary,  several  public  fountains,  manu- 
faoturos  of  tine  linens,  tulle,  oil,  leather,  and  a  brisk  general 
trade.     Calvin  was  born  hero,  July  18,  1509.     Pop.  5785. 

No'yo  River,  California,  is  a  small  stream  which  rises 
in  the  central  part  of  Mendocino  co.,  flows  northwestward, 
and  enters  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

Nozay,  no^z&',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire-Inf6rieuro, 
24  miles  N.  of  Nantes.     Pop.  12(50. 

Nozea*  or  Nozia,  a  mountain  of  Greece.  See  Parxes. 

Nub'biu  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Leon  co.,  To.x.,  G 
miles  E.  of  Centrcvillo.     It  has  a  church. 

Niibbrn,  a  division  of  Thibet.     See  Nobra. 

Nubia,  nu'be-a  (Fr.  Ifubie,  nii'boo' ;  Oer,  A'k/ii'cii,  noo'- 
be-^n),  a  country  of  East  Africa,  now  consolidated  with 
Egypt,  situated  between  lat.  11°  and  24°  N.  and  Ion.  28<' 
and  39°  E.,  bounded  E.  by  the  Ilcd  Sea,  S.  by  Abyssinia, 
AV.  by  Darfoor  and  the  Gro.at  Desert,  and  N.  by  Egypt. 
Area,  estimated  at  35,000  square  miles,  and  population  at 
400,000.  It  is  divided  into  Lower  Nubia,  extending  from 
the  frontier  of  Egypt  to  Dongola  (lat.  18°  N.),  and  Upper 
Nubia,  from  Dongola  to  Abyssinia.  The  fertile  part  of  Nu- 
bia is  situated  almost  entirely  in  the  valley  of  the  Nile, 
which  is  hero  so  narrow  as  to  leave  little  sjiace  for  cultiva- 
tion on  its  banks,  and  the  productive  districts  occur  in 
the  gorges  between  the  mountains,  and  on  the  islands.  A 
desert  of  sand  and  rocks,  with  some  small  fertile  oases,  ex- 
tends E.  from  Lower  Nubia  to  the  Hod  Sea.  In  Upper  Nu- 
bia the  country  is  more  varied:  the  Nile  here  receives  its 
affluent  the  Atbara,  or  Tacazzo,  165  miles  boiow  the  junc- 
tion of  the  White  and  Blue  Rivers;  between  these  rivers 
are  situated  the  regions  of  Shendy,  llalfay,  and  Sennaar, 
which  contain  vast  fertile  plains.  The  climate  of  Nubia 
is  extremely  hot  and  dry,  out  on  the  whole  healthy;  the 
plague  is  said  never  to  have  penetrated  S.  of  the  second 
cataract  (lat.  22°  N.).  Besides  the  animals  common  to 
Egypt,  Nubia  has  the  giraffe,  and  several  species  of  ante- 
lopes and  birds  which  belong  to  the  central  plateau  of  Af- 
rica. Agriculture  employs  most  of  the  population  on  the 
banks  of  the  Nile  and  its  tributaries,  and  artificial  irriga- 
tion is  resorted  to,  as  in  Egypt.  Chief  products,  durrah, 
barley,  cotton,  indigo,  tobacco,  senna,  coffee,  and  dates. 
Cattle,  sheep,  and  goats  are  reared  by  the  Arabs  of  the 
neighboring  deserts.  Manufactures  are  limited  to  objects 
for  domestic  use.  An  extensive  transit  trade  is  carried  on 
with  the  interior  of  Africa  and  Egypt  in  slaves,  gold-dust, 
senna,  and  ostrich  feathers.  Suakin,  on  the  Red  Sea,  is 
the  chief  port.  The  Nubians  belong  to  the  Arabian  and 
Ethiopian  races.  They  are  a  handsome  people,  of  dark 
brown  complexion,  bold,  frank,  cheerful,  and  more  simple 
and  incorrupt  in  manners  than  their  neighbors,  either  up 
or  down  the  river.  In  Egypt,  where  they  are  called  Bc- 
raber  (Berbers),  they  are  preferred  as  porters  and  domestic 
servants.  The  pastoral  tribes  on  the  banks  of  the  Tacazze 
and  Upper  Nile  speak  the  Arabic  language.  Remains  of 
ancient  edifices  occur  throughout  the  whole  extent  of  the 
valley,  but  chiefly  below  Dongola.  The  most  remarkable 
are  the  temple  of  Kelabshi  (anciently  Talmis),  the  sculp- 
tures of  which  represent  the  expedition  of  Sesostris ;  that 
of  Dakkeh ;  the  excavated  temple  of  Ipsambool,  a  little 
below  Wady-Halfah ;  and  the  temple  of  Semne,  a  little 
above  it.  In  Dongola  some  colossal  figures  of  granite  lie 
prostrate  in  the  isle  of  Argo.  Previous  to  the  conquest  of 
Nubia  by  Ibrahim  Pasha,  in  1821,  it  was  governed  by  a 
multitude  of  independent  chiefs;  since  then  it  has  been 
under  the  dominion  of  Egypt.  Two  extensive  railway  lines 
have  been  constructed  to  obviate  difficulties  in  the  naviga- 
tion of  the  Nile,  and  the  chief  towns  are  reached  by  tele- 
graphs.  AJj.  and  inhab.  Nubian,  nu'be-an. 

Nublada,  noo-bl&'D&,  or  San  Benedicto,  siln  bi- 
ni-deek'to,  an  island  of  the  North  Pacific,  Revilla  Gigedo 
group.  Lat.  19°  22'  40"  N.;  Ion.  110°  44'  W.  Length, 
from  N.E.  to  S^W.,  6  miles ;  breadth,  about  3  miles. 

Nubic,  or  Nable,  noo'bli  or  nyoo'bid,,  a  river  of  Chili, 
rises  in  the  W.  slope  of  the  Cordillera  of  the  Andes,  near 
lat.  36°  N.,  flows  W.S.W.,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  80 
miles,  unites  with  the  Chilian  to  form  the  Itata. 

Nnble,  a  province  of  Chili,  having  the  Andes  on  the 
E.,  and  the  province  of  Concepcion  on  the  W.  Area,  3642 
square  miles.    Capital,  Chilian.    Pop.  136,871. 


Nuccria  Alfatcrna.    See  Noceua  bki  Paoasi. 

Nuceiia  Caiiiciluria,  lUily.    See  Nockha. 

Nucko,  an  island  of  Russia,    See  Nuko. 

Nuck'olls,  a  county  in  tbo  S.  part  of  Nobrnska,  bo 

dering  on  Kansas,  has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.    It 

intersected  by  the  Republican  and  Little  Blue  Rivera.  Tl 

surface  is  undulating  and  nearly  destitute  of  forests.    Tl 

soil  produces  natural  grass  and  is  adapted  to  pastoral  im 

suits.    Capital,  Nelson.    Pop.  in  1880,  4235;  in  1890, 11,41 

Nuckolls,  a  station  in  Russell  oo.,  Ala.,  on  the  Mobi 

&  Girard  Railroad,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Columbus,  Qa. 

Nud'dea,  or  Nadiya,  nud'd^-i,  a  district  of  Boner 
lat.  22°  52.5'-24°  11'  N.,  Ion.  88°  10'-89°  24'  41"  E.  Are 
3414  square  miles.  It  is  a  fertile  alluvial  plain  in  tl 
Ganges  delta,  traversed  by  many  navigable  channels,  ni 
bounded  W.  by  the  Bhagirathi  and  lloogly,  and  N.  part 
by  the  main  Ganges.    Capital,  Krishnugger.    P.  1,812,79 

Nuddea,  Nadiya,  or  Nabadwip,  nub-ud-wccp', 
town  of  Bengal,  on  the  lloogly,  attached  to  Nuddea  distrii 
though  within  the  limits  of  Burdwan,  54  miles  by  rail  ] 
by  W.  of  Calcutta.  It  is  one  of  the  great  seats  of  Bind, 
learning,  being  especially  noted  for  its  schools  of  law  ai 
logic.  It  is  much  resorted  to  by  pilgrims.  The  old  tow 
has  been  entirely  washed  away  by  the  river.     Pop.  8S63. 

Nueces,  Rio,  reo'o  nu-a'soz,  a  river  of  Southern  Tcxn 
rises  in  or  near  Edwards  co.  Its  general  direction  is  near 
southeastward.  It  intersects  the  cos.  of  Dawson,  Zavall 
Dimmit,  La  Salle,  and  Live  Oak,  and  enters  the  Gulf  t 
Mexico  through  Corpus  Christi  Bay.  Its  length  is  est 
mated  at  400  miles. 

Nueces,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  an 
estimated  at  2430  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.l 
by  the  Rio  Nueces,  and  on  the  E.  by  Corpus  Christi  Bd 
and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  or  Laguna  del  Madre.  It 
drained  by  several  streams,  one  of  which  is  called  Sanl 
Gertrudis  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level.  The  soil 
sandy,  and  produces  pasture  for  vast  herds  of  cattle,  shee 
and  horses.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Mexica 
National  Railroad  and  the  San  Antonio  <fc  Aransas  P* 
Railroad,  both  of  which  connect  with  Corpus  Clnisti,  tt 
capital.     Pop.  in  1870,  3975;  in  1880,7673;  in  1890,  809 

Nueces,  .a  post-office  of  Nueces  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  K 
Nueces,  about  12  miles  AV.  by  N.  of  Corpus  Christi. 

Nueil-sous-Passavunt,  nli'il'  soo  pis*s4'v6s»', 
town  of  France,  in  Maine-et- Loire,  on  the  Layon,  18  mil 
S.AV.  of  Saumur.     Pop.  1759. 

Nuestra  Sefiora  del  Pilar  dc  Zaragoza.  ^' 
Samhoanga. 

Nueva  Ilarauca,  nw4'vi  bi-rin'ki,  a  town  of  i 
republic  of  Colombia,  at  the  junction  of  the  Muhates  wiJ 
the  Rio  Magdalena,  45  miles  S.E.  of  Cartngena.  I 

Nueva  Uarcclona,  A'^enczuela.    See  Bahcklosa.    ' 

Nueva  Caceres,  Philippines.    Sec  Cacekks. 

Nueva  (New)  California.    See  Ui'I'eh  Califou- 

Nueva  Carteya,  nwi'vi  kaii-ti'yA,  a  village  of  Spai 
in  Andalusia,  about  24  miles  from  Cordova. 

Nueva  Ecija,  nwi'vii'the-ni,  a  province  of  the  islai 
of  Luzon,  extending  along  part  of  its  E.  coast.  Bouga^M 
is  the  capital.     Pop.  23,308. 

Nueva  Esparta.    See  MAncAnixA,  and  Asunctox. 

Nueva  Helvetia,  nwi'vi  fil-vi'te-1,  or  New  He 
vetia,  hfil-vee'she-a,  a  former  settlement  in  Californi 
near  the  junction  of  the  Rio  Sacramento  with  the  Amorict 
River,  founded  in  1838-39  by  Captain  Sutter  of  Missouri 

Nuevo  Laredo,  nwi'vo  ll-ri'do,  a  town  of  Mexic 
state  of  Tamaulipas,  on  the  Rio  Grande,  opposite  Larcd 
Tex.  It  has  a  church,  a  good  interior  trade,  and  expot 
hides,  wool,  corn,  and  beans.     Pop.  2000. 

Nueva  Segovia,  nwi'vi  si-go've-1,  a  town  on  tl 
Tajo,  in  the  N.  part  of  Luzon.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Nueva  Segovia,  nwi'vi  si-go' ve-i,  or  New  Sego 
via,  a  small  town  of  Nicaragua,  on  the  Segovia  River,  1 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Leon. 

Nueva  Segovia,  Venezuela.    See  BAnquESiiiETO. 

Nuevas  Filipinas.    See  CAnou.sE  Islands. 

Nuevas  Grandcs,  nwi'vis  grin'dis,  a  port  on  the 
coast  of  the  island  of  Cub.a. 

Nueva  Tabarca,  an  island  of  Spain.    See  Tabahc 

Nueva  Vizcaya,  nwi'vi  veeth-ki'i,  a  province  of  t 
island  of  Luzon.     Pop.  22,233. 

Nuevitas.    See  Las  Nuevitas  del  Principe. 

Nuevo  Leon,  a  state  of  Mexico.    See  New  Legs. 

Nuevo  Mexico  (or  Mejico).    See  New  Mexico. 

Nuevo  Riobamba,  South  America.    See  Riobamb 

Nuevo  Santander,  nwi'vo  sin-tin-daiii',  also  call 
Victoria,  or  Ciudad  Victoria,  a  town  of  Mexi 
capital  of  the  state  of  Tamaulipas,   on   the  nvcr  fen 


IF 


NUG 


2035 


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tander,  120  milea  N.W.  of  Tampico.  It  is  woU  built  and 
populous. 

Nu-Gariep,  nu-gl-recp',  a  river  of  South  Africa, 
Cape  Colony,  after  a  N.W.  course  joins  the  Gariep  or 
Orange  lliver  near  lat.  29°  5'  S.,  Ion.  2-i°  23'  E.  It  drains 
the  divisions  of  Graaf-lleynct,  Colesborg,  and  Cradock. 

Nu'gent's  Grove,  a  post-hamlct  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa, 
on  Buffalo  Creek,  about  18  miles  N.W.  of  Anamosa.  It 
hi.s  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  7  houses. 

iVuggce'iia,  Nugeenah,  or  Nagina,  nug-ee'na,  a 
town  of  India,  Bijnaur  district,  lat.  29°  27'  N.,  Ion.  78° 
30'  E.,  47  miles  N.N.W.  of  Moradabad.     Pop.  19,096. 

Nug'gur,  or  Nagar,  nug'giir,  a  division  or  commission- 
Brship  of  India,  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Mysore.  It  takes  its 
aamo  from  Nuggur  or  Ilydcrnuggur,  a  popular  name  for 
he  town  of  Bednore.  Area,  10,562  square  miles.  Pop. 
l,3(U,2Gl. 

Nughedu,  noo-ghi-doo',  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sar- 
linia,  S.  of  Ozieri.     Pop.  1595. 

Nuits,  nwee,  a  town  of  France,  in  Cote-d'Or,  on  the 
Meuzin,  and  on  the  Paris  &  Lyons  Railroad,  8  miles  N.E.  of 

Eeauno.  It  is  situiUed  in  the  midst  of  a  fine  wine  country, 
.ad  has  manufactures  of  brandy,  paper,  serges,  hats, 
eather,  and  vinegar.     Pop.  3503. 

Nujibabad,  or  Najibabad,  nud*jce-bi-b3,d',  a  town 
.f  India,  district  and  15  miles  N.E.  of  Bijnaur.     Pop. 

.r,4is. 

Niyifghur,  noo-jif-gur',  a  town  of  British  India,  on 
ho  Ganges,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Cawnpoor. 

Nukahiva,  Marquesas  Islands.    See  Nookaheeva. 

Nukerkc,  nii'kfin^k^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
nanders,  18  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  2118. 

Nuko,  Nouko,  noo'ko,  or  Nucko,  nook'ko,  an  island 
•f  Russia,  S.W.  entrance  of  the  Gulf  of  Finland,  between 
ihe  mainland  and  the  island  of  AVorms.  Pop.  450. 
\  Nnlato,  noo-li'to,  a  fort  and  settlement  of  Alaska,  on 
he  Yukon,  near  the  mouth  of  the  river  Nulato.  Lat.  64° 
|2'N.;  Ion.  157°  54'  W, 
s  Nulchitty,  nill-chit'tec,  a  village  of  Bengal,  8  miles 

•W.  of  Backergunge,  on  an  arm  of  the  Ganges. 

Nul'dee,  or  Naldi,  nul'dee,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  Jes- 

re,  5  miles  N.  of  Naral.     It  has  a  large  trade,  sugar- 

(ineries,  and  manufactures  of  gold  and  silver  ornaments. 

Nules,  noo'lds,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  12  miles 

W.of  Castellon  de  la  Plana.     Pop.  4401. 

Nulhat'ty,  or  Nalhati,  nul-hit'e,  a  town  of  Bengal, 

a  railway  junction,  27  miles  AV.  of  Moorshedabad. 

Nulhe'gan  River,  a  small  stream  of  Essex  co.,  Vt., 

lis  into  the  Connecticut. 

Null's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Ind.,  at  Null- 

wn  Station  on  the  AVhitewater  Valley  Hailroad,  4  miles 

of  Connersville. 

Nulvi,  nool'vee,  a  village  of  Sardinia,  province  and  11 

les  E.S.E.  of  Sassari.     Pop.  2323. 

Nu'ma,  a  hamlet  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Wabash 

ver,  and  on  the  Evansville,  Terro  Haute  &  Chicago  Rail- 
^vd,  13  or  14  miles  N.  of  Terre  Haute. 
|Numa,  a  post-village  of  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 

icago.  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of 

^ntreville.    It  has  2  churches,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  2 

ul-mines. 

jVumansdorp,  Netherlands.    See  Buitensluis. 

Vnmidia,  nu-mid'e-a  (Fr.  Numidie,  nli^meeMee';  L. 

'.mid'ia;  Gr.  JiovunSla,  Noumidia,  or  'Soy.a.Ua,  Nomadia), 
ancient  country  of  North  Africa,  corresponding  in  the 

in  with  the  modern  Algeria. Adj.  and  inhab.  Nu- 

iiAN,  nu-mid'e-an. 

Vutnidia,  nu-mid'e-a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co., 

,..  about  13  miles  E.S.E.  of  Danville. 

Vuinmnl,  num^miil',  a  thriving  town  of  the  Punjab, 

4  the  Indus,  24  miles  E.  of  Caulabagh.    Lat.  32°  55'  N. : 

f . 72°  E. 

linn,  a  river  of  Manchooria.    See  Noon. 

j'fnn,  Morocco.    See  Noon,  and  Akassa. 

iinn,  noon,  one  of  the  principal  outlets  of  the  Niger, 

I  sing  into  the  Atlantic  from  between  Capes  Nun  and 

Ytnosa,  about  lat.  4°  21'  N.,  Ion.  6°  5'  E.     See  Niger. 

..  fnnda,  ntin-da',  a  post-township  of  McHenry  co..  111., 

Jhrsectcd  by  the  Fox  River.    Pop.  1548.     It  contains  the 

Uge  of  Crystal  Lake. 

.funda,  a   post-village    in    Nunda    township,    Free- 

^n  CO.,  Minn.,  about  26  miles  W.S.W.  of  Austin,  and 

""68  S.-\v,  of  Albert  Lea.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour- 

iil.    The  township  contains  several  small  lakes.     Pop.  of 

t;  township,  733. 

I  unda,  a  beautiful  post-village  in  Nunda  township, 

imgston  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Genesee  Valley  Canal,  about 


14  miles  AV,  of  Dansville,  44  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Rochester, 
and  2  miles  N.  of  the  Erie  Railroad.  It  contains  5  or  6 
churches,  the  Nunda  Academy,  2  newspaper  oflices,  a 
national  bank,  a  machine-shop,  a  foundry,  a  grist-mill,  Ac. 
It  has  manufoctures  of  furniture  and  wagons.  Pop.  1189; 
of  the  township,  2703.  The  township  contains  another 
village,  named  Nunda  Station. 

Nunda  Station,  a  post-village  in  Nunda  township, 
Livingston  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  24  miles  N.A»', 
of  llornellsville,  and  2i  miles  S.  of  Nunda.  It  has  a 
church,  a  grist-mill,  a  planing-mill,  and  a  graded  school. 
Pop.  about  450. 

NuudaAvas  Mountains.  See  IIarowicke  Moun- 
tains. 

Nundcal,  nun-dd-ll',  a  town  of  British  India,  Madras, 
73  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Cuddapah.    Pop.  9378. 

Nun^diariumpctt',  a  town  of  India,  20  milea  N.  of 
Cuddapah.     Pop.  6645. 

Nund'ga'on,  or  Nandgaon,  niindVl'^n,  a  native 
state  of  India,  Central  Provinces.  Area,  884  square  miles. 
Pop.  148,454. 

Nun^dydroog',  a  division  or  commissionership  of 
India,  in  Mysore.     Area,  9097  square  miles.    P.  2,079,547. 

Nuneaton,  nun'e-t9n,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  AVar- 
wiek,  at  a  railway  junction,  14  miles  N.AV.  of  Rugby.  It  has 
a  Gothic  church,  a  grammar-school,  and  a  free  school.  In 
the  vicinity  are  the  ruins  of  an  old  abbey,  destroyed  by 
Cromwell.     Pop.  of  parish,  (1891),  11,680. 

Nuncham  Courtnay,  England.    See  Newnhaw. 

Nunez,  noo'"n5z',  or  Kakundy,  ki-kun'dee,  a  river 
of  AVest  Africa,  Senegambia,  after  a  AV.  course  enters  the 
Atlantic  Ocean  in  lat.  10°  40'  N.,  Ion.  14°  40'  AV.  On  its 
banks,  from  70  to  80  miles  from  the  sea,  are  the  settlements 
of  AValkeria,  Cassasez,  and  Debucko. 

Nu'nipa,  a  post- village  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich.,  in  Crock- 
ery township,  on  the  Detroit  &  Milwaukee  Railroad  where 
it  crosses  the  Chicago  &  A\''est  Michigan  Railroad,  9  milss 
E.  by  N.  of  Grand  Haven,  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Muskegon,  and 
2  miles  N.  of  Grand  River.  It  has  2  churches,  2  hotels, 
a  graded  school,  8  stores,  and  manufactures  of  chairs  and 
lumber.     Pop.  about  400. 

NunivacK,  an  island  in  Behring's  Sea.    See  Noonivak. 

Nunkunono,  nun-koo-no'no,  or  Duke  of  Clar'- 
cnce,  an  island  of  the  Pacific.  Lat.  9°  6'  S.;  Ion.  171° 
38'  AV.     Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  7  miles ;  breadth,  5  miles. 

Nun's  Island,  Hebrides,  is  close  to  lona. 

Nuoro,  noo-o'ro,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Sardinia,  78 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Cagliari.  It  has  a  cathedral  and  a  Jes- 
uits' college.     Pop.  4097. 

Nura,  noo'rd,  a  river  of  North  Italy,  rises  in  the  Apen- 
nines, and,  after  a  N.N.E.  course  of  45  miles,  joins  the  Po 
7  miles  E.  of  Piaccnza. 

Nuragu,  noo-ri'goo,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sardinia, 
province  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  1157. 

Nuraniini,  noo-ri-mee'nce,  a  town  of  the  island  of 
Sardinia,  about  20  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  1703. 

Nurapolia,  a  village  of  Sardinia.    See  Naubolia. 

Nurbuddah,  a  river  of  India.    See  NEUBunnA. 

Nuremberg,  nu'r^m-b^rg  (Ger.  NUrnhcrg,  niiRn'bSno ; 
Dutch,  Neurenburg,  no'r§n-buRG* ;  L.  and  It.  Norimherga, 
no-rim-bfiR'gi;  Sp.  Nurcmherga,  noo-rfim-bSn'gi),  a  city 
of  Bavaria,  Middle  Franconia,  once  the  greatest  and  most 
wealthy  of  all  the  free  imperial  cities  of  Germany,  on  the 
Pegnitz,  the  Ludwig  Canal,  and  the  Great  Bavarian  Rail- 
way, 95  miles  N.  of  Munich.  Lat.  49°  27'  N. ;  Ion.  11°  4' 
E.  It  stands  in  a  well-cultivated  plain,  and  presents  a 
very  striking  appearance.  The  Pegnitz,  traversing  the 
town  from  E.  to  AV.,  divides  it  into  two  nearly  equal  parts, 
which  communicate  by  numerous  bridges,  its  characteristic 
feature  being  the  venerable  air  of  antiquity  which  invests 
it.  It  is  surrounded  by  walls  and  battlements.  The  chief 
edifices  are  the  Reichsveste,  an  old  imperial  castle,  often 
occupied  by  the  German  emperors  of  the  Middle  Ages,  the 
church  of  St.  Sebald,  with  fine  paintings  and  sculpture,  and 
the  churches  of  St.  Laurent  and  St.  Giles.  Nuremberg  has 
a  gymnasium  founded  by  the  reformer  Melanchthon,  whose 
statue  is  placed  on  its  front,  a  school  of  fine  arts,  a  polytech- 
nic school,  a  commercial  academy,  many  libraries,  a  museum 
of  natural  history,  and  numerous  religious,  literary,  and 
artistic  associations.  The  German  national  museum  has 
a  library  of  30,000  volumes,  14,000  original  MSS.,  and 
many  coins  and  antiquities.  The  first  paper-mill  in  Ger- 
many was  established  here  in  1390.  Here  also  the  first 
gun-carriages  were  made;  and  the  first  railway  in  Germany 
was  opened  from  Nuremberg  to  Furth  in  1836.  It  is  now 
the  great  centre  of  the  manufacture  of  German  wooden 
clocks  and  toys,  which  are  exported  to  all  parts  of  the 


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2036 


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gIob«;  its  other  manufactures  comprlae  Jewelry,  trinkets, 
t«lM00p«8,  mathonintioal  and  musical  instruments,  seiiling- 
wax,  blaok-lead-pcncils,  liicquoroU- wares,  artioles  in  Ivory 
and  horn,  paper,  and  parchments.  Nuremberg  is  the  birth- 
place of  AlDcrt  DUrcr,  whose  house  is  still  preserved.  It  was 
foundod  in  005,  and  was  in  938  the  scat  of  the  first  Ger- 
man diet.  Its  inhabitants  early  embraced  the  doctrines  of 
tho  Reformation,  and  in  1532  the  assembly  was  held  here 
at  which  the  treaty  of  toleration  was  signed.  Napoleon  I. 
deprived  the  city  of  privileges  and  annexed  it  to  Bavaria 

in  ISOJ.    Pop.  in  1880,  l)»,51« ;  in  1890,  142,403. Inhab. 

Nu'itKUDKitGKR  (Qcr.  Ntt iiNBKRGGR,  nilRn'bdRQ^r). 

Nu'rey,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  N.D. 

Nur^hee',  a  town  of  India,  district  and  29  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Ohazcopoor,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Oanges.     Pop.  6338. 

Nur'ncysvillet  a  post-office  of  Nansemond  co.,  Va. 

Niirpur,  niir^pilr',  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  at  the  foot  of 
the  Ilimiilaya  Mountivins,  GO  miles  N.E.  of  Amritsir.  Lat. 
32°  12'  N. ;  Ion.  75°  40'  E.     Pop.  from  6000  to  8000. 

Nurri,  nooR'nco,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sardinia, 
province  and  S  miles  E.  of  Isili.     Pop.  2330. 

Nur'sery  Hillj  a  post-hamlet  of  Bent  co.,  Mo.,  6  miles 
S.W.  of  Salem.  It  has  2  ohurohes,  and  a  nursery  of  fruit 
trees.     Wine  is  made  here. 

Nursinghur^  nilr^sing-gilr',  a  town  of  India,  38  miles 
N.E.  of  Saugur. 

Nursinghur,  a  potty  state  of  India,  province  of  Mal- 
wiih,  50  miles  N.E.  of  Oojein. 

Nur^singpoor',  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  Nursing- 
poor  district,  50  miles  W.S.W.  of  Jubbulpoor.     Pop.  7554. 

Nur^singpoor',  orNarsinhpur,  nur^siN-poor',  a  dis- 
trict of  India,  Central  Provinces,  Nerbudda division.  Area, 
I'J  16  square  miles.     Capital,  Nursingpoor.     Pop.  339,395. 

Nursiuhpoor,  or  Narsiuhpur,  also  called  Nur- 
singpoor, a  native  state  of  Orissa,  India.  Lat.  20°  24'- 
20°  37'  N. ;  Ion.  85°-85°  16'  1 5"  E.  Area,  199  square  miles. 
Pop.  24,758.  It  is  governed  by  a  rajah,  who  resides  at 
Nursinhpoor,  a  small  town,  lat.  20°  28'  N.,  Ion.  85°  7'  E. 

Niirtingen,  nilB'ting-?n,  a  town  of  Wiirtcmberg,  on 
the  Nockar,  13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  6078. 

Nurwur,  a  town  of  India.    See  Narwau. 

Nus,  noos,  or  Nuz,  nuts?,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Turin, 
8  miles  N.E.  of  Aosta,  on  the  Dora.     Pop.  2183. 

Nusa  Baron,  Java.    See  Baron  Island. 

Nusco,  noos'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Avellino,  6 
miles  S.W.  of  Sant'  Angelo  dei  Lombardi.  Pop.  4473.  It 
has  a  cathedral  and  convents. 

Nusloch,  niJds'loK,  a  town  of  Baden,  6  miles  S.  of  Hei- 
delberg.    Pop.  2766. 

Nussbacn,  n55ss'biK,  or  Alun,  &.'loon,  a  village  of 
Transylvania,  24  miles  from  Kronstadt,  near  the  Alt. 

Nussbach,  a  village  of  Transylvania.    See  Magyaros. 

Nussdorf,  n55ss'doRf,  a  village  of  Austria,  so  near 
Vienna  as  to  bo  almost  one  of  its  suburbs.     Pop.  4029. 

Nussdorf  (Hun.  Aho-Dios,  oPsho'  dee'osh',  and  Feh'o- 
Dlo$,  ffil'sbo^  dee'osh'),  two  adjacent  villages  of  Hungary, 
CO.  and  26  miles  N.E.  of  Presburg.     Pop.  4400. 

Nusseerabad,  or  Nasirabad,  nus^gec-ril-bS.d',  also 
written  NusVserabad',  a  town  and  military  post  of  India, 
district  and  14  miles  S.E.  of  Ajmere.     Pop.  17,109.    See 

MVMUNSINGH. 

Nusslau,  n55ss'16w,  or  Nusilaw,  noo'se-Iiv^,  a  town 
of  Moravia,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Brunn.     Pop.  1100. 

Nut  Bush,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  2430. 

Nut'tallburg,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  and  on  the  Kanawha 
River,  62  miles  S.E.  of  Charleston.     Pop.  in  1880,  277. 

Nuttam,  or  Nuttom,  India.    See  Nattam. 

Nutts'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Va.,  4  miles 
from  Monaskon  steamboat-landing. 

Nuyts,  nits  (?),  a  headland  of  South  Australia,  in  lat. 
32°  2'  18"  S.,  Ion.  132°  25'  E.  Tho  Nuyts  Archipelago 
stretches  along  the  coast  N.  of  lat.  33°.  Principal  island, 
St.  Francis. 

Nuz,  a  village  of  Italy.    See  Nus. 

Nuz'ums,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Marion  co.,  W. 
Va.,  on  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  9J  miles  N.W.  of 
Grafton.  It  has  a  church,  and  a  manufactory  of  firo-bricks. 
Here  is  abundant  coal  of  good  quality. 

Ny'ack,  a  post-village  in  Orangetown  and  Clarkstown 
townships,  Rockland  co.,  N.Y.,  is  beautifully  situated  at 
the  base  of  rugged  hills,  near  the  N.  end  of  the  Palisades, 
on  the  wide  part  of  Hudson  River,  which  is  called  Tappan 
Bay,  28  miles  N.  of  New  York,  and  3  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Tarrytown,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  steam  ferry. 
Nyack  is  on  the  Northern  Railroad  of  New  Jersey.  It  eon- 
tains  6  churches,  the  Rockland  Female  Institute,  a  national 


bank,  a  savings-bank,  several  large  summer  hotels,  2  or 
newspaper  offices,  and  an  institute  for  both  scxoa.  It  hn 
manufactures  of  boilers,  carriages,  sIiock,  woodon-wore,  tasli 
blinds,  Ac.  Large  quantities  of  milk  and  fruits  are  shippo 
hero.  Among  the  products  of  its  induBtry  are  ships  an< 
boats.  It  has  a  river-front  of  6  miles.  Tho  steamboat 
of  the  New  York  k  North  River  Steamboat  Company  pi 
daily  between  Nyack  and  New  York,     Pop.  in  1890,  4iui 

Nyack  Turnpike,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockland  co 
N.Y.,  3  miles  W.  of  Nyack. 

Nyamtz,  ne-4mts',  Ncmza,  ndm'B&,  or  Niatzu,  nc 
it'soo,  a  town  of  Roumania,  02  miles  N.N.AV.  of  ViuMy.  J 
has  large  annual  fairs  and  markets,  and  a  shrine  of  tb 
Virgin,  which  attracts  numerous  pilgrims.     Pop.  9940. 

Nyanza.  See  Albf.rt  Nyanza,  and  Victoria  NrAKXA 

Nyarpct,  nl-ar-pfit',  a  town  of  British  India,  prc»i 
dcncy  and  65  miles  N.W.  of  Madras. 

Nyassa,  ne-is'sl  ("the  sea"),  N'yassa,  or  Mar 
avi  (?),  written  also  Marabai,  a  lake  of  Southeast  Afrier 
between  Ion.  34°  and  36°  E.,  its  centre  being  about  lai 
12°  S.  It  is  apparently  identical  with  the  Lake  Marnvi  o 
old  maps.  It  is  350  miles  long,  from  N.  to  S.,  38  miles  i 
average  breadth,  and  1500  feet  in  elevation.  Its  waters  ar 
discharged  by  the  river  Shir6  into  the  Zambc7.i.  It  is  nav 
igiUed  by  a  steamboat,  and  its  waters  arc  very  deep.  Lak 
Nyassa  is  in  a  populous  mountain-region,  and  was  onl 
known  by  vague  reports  until  1859,  when  Livingstone  fin 
visited  it. 

Nyborg,  or  Nyeborg,  nii'boRO  (Dan.  pron.  nUlwu 
or  nli'^h-boRG*),  a  fortified  town  of  Denmark,  on  tho  isliin 
of  Funen,  IS  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Odense,  on  the  Grei 
Belt.  It  is  defended  by  a  strong  citadel,  and  hai  thii 
building  docks.     Pop.  4812. 

Nydau,  a  town  of  Switzerland.    See  Nidau. 

Nye,  ni,  a  large  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Nevada,  boi 
dering  on  California,  has  an  area  of  16,908  square  mile 
It  has  no  rivers  of  much  importance,  and  is  a  part  of  tli 
Great  Basin  which  lies  between  the  Sierra  Nevada  and  th 
Wahsatch  Mountains.  The  surface  is  a  sterile  plain  c 
table-land,  nearly  destitute  of  timber  and  fresh  water.  I 
the  S.W.  part  are  the  Bare  Mountains  and  the  Great  Armi 
gosa  Desert.  Silver  and  gold  are  the  chief  articles  of  ej 
port.  Capital,  Belmont.  Pop.  in  1870,  1087;  in  1881 
1876;  in  1890,  1290. 

NyeHjoping,  Denmark.    See  Nykiopiso. 

Nye  Nuggur,  ni  niig'gur,  or  Naya  Nagar,  nl'j 
nOg'ar,  also  called  Nyaneygurh,  ni-a-ni'gQr,  a  walk 
townof  India,  capital  of  Nairwarra  district,  36  miles  S.V 
of  Ajmere.     It  is  a  prominent  cotton-market.     Pop.  780 

Nyested,  a  town  of  Denmark.    See  Nvsted. 

Nyesville,  niz'vil,  a  post-office  of  Parke  co.,  Ind. 

NyH'e,  or  Nilfii,  nif-fee',  a  kingdom  of  Africa,  b«twe( 
the  Niger  and  Benuwe  Rivers. 

Nyliamm,  nii'himm,  a  port  on  the  E.  coast  of  Swede; 
lacn  of  Gcflcborg,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Ljusne  in  the  Gul 
of  Bothnia. 

Nyhat'ta,  or  Naihati,  nl-h4'tee,  a  town  of  Bcnga 
on  the  Iloogly,  opposite  Chinsoorah,  and  30  miles  by  n 
N.  of  Calcutta.     Pop.  23,730. 

Nyhehaske,  Netherlands.    See  Nijehaske. 

Nyiniah,  nin'ee-i,  a  town  of  West  Africa,  N.E.  ( 
Sierra  Leone.     Lat.  8°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  11°  28'  W. 

Nyir  Bathor,  ileeH  boh'ton',  a  town  of  Hungary,  c 
of  Szabolcz,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Debrcczin.     Pop.  4723. 

Nyireghyhaza,  fiee'r6dj'hi'z5h\  a  town  of  Hungar 
CO.  of  Szabolcz,  29  miles  N.  of  Debrcczin.    Pop.  21,898. 
has  Roman   Catholic,  Greek,   Lutheran,  and  Calvinist 
churches,  and  some  soda-  and  salt-works. 

Nyittra,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Neutra. 

Nykerk,  ni'k^Rk,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Qelde 
land,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Harderwyk.     Pop.  3772. 

Nykioping,  nii-k'yo'ping,  a  town  of  Denmark,  on  ti 
W.  coast  of  Falster,  with  a  port  and  railway  terminus, 
Latin  school,  and  a  good  trade.     Pop.  3645. 

NyKicibing,  nii-k'yo'bing,  a  small  seaport  town  of  D« 
mark,  island  of  Seeland,  on  the  Ise-Fiord,  38  miles  Wjl.* 
of  Copenhagen.     Pop.  1548. 

NykjObing,  a  seaport  town  of  Denmark,  44  mil 
AV.S.W.  of  Aalborg,  on  the  Lyra-Fiord.     Pop.  2246. 

Nykbping,  or  Nykjoping,  nU'cho'ping  (almost  net 
chiip'ing),  also  called  Sodcrmaniiland,  so'd?r-rnt 
lind',  a  Isen  or  district  of  Sweden,  in  the  E.,  having  S.E.  t 
Gulf  of  Bothnia,  and  N.  Lakes  Mselar  and  Iljclmar.  Cm 
town,  Nykoping.    Area,  2516  square  miles.     Pop.  143,92 

Nykfiping,  a  seaport  town  of  Sweden,  capital  of 
lasn,  on  an  inlet  of  the  Baltic,  58  miles  S.W.  of  StookhoU 
Pop.  4591.    It  has  2  castles,  several  churches  and  ho«| 


NYL 


2037 


OAK 


tals  manufactures  of  brass-wares,  -woollen  and  cotton  stuffs, 
hosiery,  tobacco,  paper,  and  starch,  saw-mills,  and  ship- 
builJing  docks. 

Nyland,  nee'lind,  a  laen  or  province  of  Finland, 
bounded  S.  by  the  Gulf  of  Finland.  Area,  4584  square 
miles.  It  is  the  smallest  and  most  densely  peopled  prov- 
ince of  the  grand  duchy.  Capital,  llelsingfors.  Pop. 
185,641. 

Nymphenburg,  nim'f§n-b55KO\  a  village  of  Bavaria, 
4  miles  N.N.W.  of  Munich.     Pop.  1788. 

Nyinwegen,  or  Nymwegen,  nim'wi^ghin  or  nlm'- 
iri'ghijn,  written  also  Nimeguen  and  Nymegen  (Fr. 
Ximiyiie,  nee'maig' ;  Gcr.  Nimwec/en,  nim-^i'gh?n  ;  anc. 
Xuviom'agiiii),  a  fortified  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Gel- 
ierland,  on  the  Waal,  9J  miles  S.  of  Arnhem,  Lat.  51° 
51'  N.;  Ion.  6°  51'  E.  Pop.  29,710.  It  is  irregularly  built, 
the  public  edifices  comprising  some  Roman  and  Carlovin- 
lian  defensive  works,  with  a  fine  old  town  house  and  some 
aandsome  churches.    It  is  the  seat  of  a  manufactory  of 


pale  ale,  with  others  of  Prussian  blue,  glue,  and  leaither.  It 
was  formerly  a  free  imperial  town,  and  is  celebrated  for  the 
treaty  of  1678.  It  was  taken  by  the  French  in  1794.  A 
railway  connects  it  with  Cloves. 

Nyiiarcoil,  ni-nar-koil',  a  town  of  British  India,  pres- 
idency of  Madras,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Ramnad. 

Nyon,  or  Nion,  nee'6N»'  (anc.  Noviodu'num),  a  town  of 
Switzerland,  canton  of  Vaud,  21  miles  S.W.  of  Lausanne, 
on  the  N.W.  shore  of  the  Lake  of  Geneva.     Pop.  3417. 

Nyons,  nee^iN"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Drflme,  on  the 
Aigues,  'i'i  miles  N.E.  of  Avignon.     Pop.  2462. 

Nysa,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Sultan-Hissah. 

Nyslott,  nii'slott,  written  also  Ncishlot  and  Sawo- 
linna,  a  town  of  Finland,  laen  and  80  miles  N.  of  Viborg. 

Nystacl,  nii'stid,  a  seaport  town  of  Finland,  loen  and 
38  miles  N.W.  of  Abo,  on  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia.    Pop.  3708. 

Nystcd,  or  Nyestcd,  nii'stfid  (i.e.,  "  New  Town"),  a 
town  of  Denmark,  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  island  of  Laaland 

Nyvel,  a  town  of  Belgium.    See  Nivei.lks 


0. 


0,  a  Hungarian  word,  signifying  "old,"  prefixed  to 
the  names  of  many  places  in  Hungary,  as  0  Var  (i.e., 
"Old  Fort"),  0  Arad  (i.e.,  "Old  Arad"),  Ac. 

Oahtooak,  an  island  in  the  Pacific.    See  Upolu. 

Oahu,  wi'hoo,  written  also  VVahoo  and  Woahoo, 
Ijjno  of  the  islands  of  the  kingdom  of  Hawaii,  lat.  21°  20' 
i»r.,  Ion.  157°  37'  W.,  40  miles  long,  by  20  miles  broad.  It 
'  3  fertile,  producing  indigo,  cotton,  sugar,  and  coffee.  Pop. 
n  1890,  31,194.     See  Hawaii. 

Oajaca,  or  Oaxaca,  wl-Hl'ki,  written  also  Gua- 

:aca,  a  state  of  Mexico,  comprising  the  S.  portion  of  the 

sihmus  of  Tchuantepeo  and  the  table-land  of  Mixtecapan, 

joundcd  on  the  N.W.  by  the  state  of  La  Puebla,  N.E.  by 

I'^ora  Cru«,  E.  by  Chiapas,  S.  by  the  Pacific,  and  W.  by 

liuerrsTD.    Length,  270  miles  along  the  shores  of  the  Pa- 

lific;  breadth,  at  the  widest  part,  170  miles.     Area,  33,571 

(quare  miles.    It  is  of  uneven  surface,  and  in  many  parts 

hountainous,  but  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  and   best 

ultivated  districts  in  Mexico.     Its  principal  rivers  are  the 

.Ivarado,  which  rises  near  the  centre  of  the  state,  and, 

fter  a  winding  course,  terminates  in  a  lake  in  Vera  Cruz, 

le  Rio  Grande,  and  the  Rio  Verde,  both  of  which  fall  into 

le  Pacific,    The  climate  is  agreeable  and  salubrious,  and 

18  soil  remarkably  fertile.      Its  productions  are  wheat, 

iiligo,  cochineal,  cotton,  sugar,  honey,  cacao,  dye-woods, 

inber,  and  fruits.     Pop.  (1882)  761,274,  chiefly  Indians. 

Oajaca,  or  Oaxaca,  a  city  of  Mexico,  capital  of  the 
oovo  state,  near  the  Rio  Verde,  210  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mexico, 
SOO  feet  above  the  sea.  Lat.  17°  3'  N.;  Ion.  97°  15'  W. 
:  is  well  built,  of  an  oblong  form,  about  2  miles  in  length 
f  U  miles  in  breadth,  including  the  suburbs,  which  are 
ill  of  gardens  and  plantations  of  cochineal,  for  which  this 
ty  is  celebrated.  Principal  edifices,  the  bishop's  palace, 
[ithedral,  2  colleges,  numerous  convents,  and  the  city  hall. 
I .  has  manufactures  of  chocolate,  soap,  and  perfumery,  and 
h  active  trade  in  sugar  and  cochineal.     Pop.  25,000. 

Oak,  ok,  a  post-ofiice  of  Pope  co..  111.,  about  14  miles 

.  of  Golconda. 

Oak,  Pulaski  co.,  Ind.    See  Rosedale. 

Oak,  a  township  of  Mills  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  881. 

Oak,  or  Oak  Creek,  a  township  of  Smith  co.,  Kan- 
^8.    Pop.  402. 

I  Oak,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Detroit, 
fwsing  i  Northern  Railroad  (Redford  Station),  13  miles 

.  by  N.  of  Detroit.     It  has  2  grist-mills,  2  saw-mills,  <fcc. 

Oak,  a  township  of  Stearns  co.,  Minn.  Pop.  499.  See 
HK  Station. 

Oak,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nuckolls  co..  Neb.,  8  miles  S.  of 
,lgar.    It  has  2  grist-mills  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  150. 
I  Oakalla,  Iroquois  co..  111.    See  Loda. 

Oakalla,  o-kal'la,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind., 

1  the  Indianapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  28  miles  E.N.E. 

Torre  Haute.  It  has  lime-kilns  and  limestone-quarries. 
I  Oak  Bar,  a  post-oflSce  of  Siskiyou  co.,  Cal. 

Oak  Bay,  a  post-village  in  Charlotte  co.,  New  Bruns- 

ck  on  a  fine  bay  of  the  same  name,  6  miles  N.AV.  of  St. 
'-'—     Pop.  750. 


■ 


Oak  Blufl*,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co..  Ark.,  25  milei 
E.  of  Knobel  Station.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  100. 

Oak  Bluffs,  a  summer  resort  (post-office.  Vineyard 
Grove)  in  Edgartown  township,  Dukes  co.,  Mass.,  on 
Martha's  Vineyard,  8  miles  by  steamer  from  Wood's  Holl, 
and  28  miles  from  New  Bedford,  with  which  places  it  has 
frequent  steamboat  connection  in  the  season.  It  is  the 
N.  terminus  of  the  Martha's  Vineyard  Railroad,  and  has 
annual  camp-mcctings  of  the  Methodists  and  Baptists. 

Oak  Dow'er,  a  post-office  of  Hart  co.,  Ga.,  about  50 
miles  N.E.  of  Athens. 

Oak  Centre,  sen't§r,  post-office,  Wabasha  co.,  Minn. 

Oak  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Oakfield  township,  Fond 
du  Lac  CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad, 
llj  miles  S.W.  of  Fond  du  Lac.     It  has  a  church. 

Oak  City,  a  post-office  of  Millard  co.,  Utah. 

Oak  Creek,  Kansas,  rises  in  Smith  co.,  runs  nearly 
southward,  and  enters  the  Solomon  River  in  Mitchell  co. 

Oak  Creek,  Smith  co.,  Kansas.    See  Oak. 

Oak  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Douglas  co.,  Oregon. 

Oak  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Oak  Creek  township, 
Milwaukee  co.,  AVis.,  on  Lake  Michigan,  and  on  the  rail- 
road which  connects  Chicago  with  Milwaukee,  9  miles  S.  by 
E.  of  the  latter.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a 
mill,  and  a  basket-factory.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2200. 

Oak'dale,  a  post-village  of  Stanislaus  co.,  Cal.,  34  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Stockton.  It  has  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices, 
a  planing-mill,  and  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  1012. 

Oakdale,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co..  111.,  about 
42  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  It  contains  a  church,  an 
academy,  and  a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  116. 

Oakdale,  apost-officeof  Jennings  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
&  Mississippi  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  North  Vernon. 

Oak  Dale,  a  township  of  Howard  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  255. 

Oak  Dale,  a  station  in  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Eastern  division  of  the  New  York  <fc  New  England  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  S.W.  of  Boston. 

Oakdale,  a  post-village  in  West  Boylston  township, 
Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  AVorcester  <fc  Nashua  Railroad, 
10  miles  N.  of  AVorcester.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufac- 
tures of  cotton  goods,  woollen  goods,  Ac. 

Oakdale,  a  post-office  of  AVashington  co.,  Minn.,  on 
the  St.  Paul,  Stillwater  <fc  Taylor  Falls  Railroad,  in  Oakdale 
township,  9  miles  E.  of  St.  Paul.     Pop.  of  township,  679. 

Oak  Dale,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Mo. 

Oakdale,  a  post-village  of  Antelope  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
Elkhorn  River,  about  32  miles  W.  of  Norfolk.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1890,  630. 

Oakdale,  a  post-office  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J. 

Oakdale,  New  York.     See  Oakdale  Statio.v. 

Oakdale,  a  station  in  Putnam  co.,  0.,  on  the  Dayton 
<t  Michigan  Railroad,  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ottawa. 

Oak  Dale,  a  station  in  Dauphin  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Sum- 
mit Branch  Railroad,  11  miles  E.  of  Millersburg. 

Oakdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  eo..  Pa.,  on  tb« 
West  Chester  &  Philadelphia  Railroad,  1  mile  from  Swarth- 
more  Station,  and  about  12  miles  S.AV.  of  Philadelphia 


OAK 


2038 


OAK 


OakdnlOf  a  station  in  Fayette  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the  Balti- 
more &  Ohio  Railroad,  49  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Onkdale,  a  post-ofBco  of  Campbell  oo.,  Tenn. 

Oakdale,  a  post-oflico  of  Kookbridge  oo.,  Va. 

OakdalOf  a  post-townRhip  of  Monroe  co.,  Wis.  It  is 
traversed  by  the  West  Wisconsin  Railroad.  Pop.  710. 
Oakdalo  Station  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul 
Railroad  is  48  miles  E.  of  La  Crosse. 

Oakdale  Station,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  oo.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  and  on  an  inlet  of  tho  sea,  4S 
miles  K.  of  Brooklyn.     It  has  2  churches. 

Oakdale  Station,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  oo., 
Pa.,  on  tho  Pan- Handle  or  Pittsburg  <t  Columbus  Railroad, 
14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a  nor- 
mal institute,  2  planing-mills,  a  grist-mill,  2  carriage- 
shops,  a  hotol,  3  stores,  and  a  coal-mine.  It  is  in  tho  town- 
ships of  North  and  South  Fayette. 

Oak'dam,  a  pcst-hamlot  of  Vanderburg  oo.,  Ind.,  about 
14  miles  N.N.B.  of  Evansville.     Uore  is  a  church. 

Oakes,  Minnesota.    See  Oak  Statio.v. 

Oak  Farm,  a  post-oSice  of  Brown  co.,  Ind.,  abont  36 
miles  S.S.AV.  of  Indianapolis. 

Oak  Farm,  a  post-office  of  Tishomingo  co.,  Miss. 

Oak'field,  a  station  in  Escambia  co.,  Fla.,  on  tho  Pen- 
eacola  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Pcnsacoln. 

Oakficid,  a  post-village  in  Oakflcld  township,  Audu- 
bon CO.,  Iowa,  on  tho  Nishnabatona  River,  12  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Atlantic,  and  about  75  miles  W.  of  Dcs  Moinos.  It  has 
2  stores  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  491. 

Oakfield,  a  plantation  of  Aroostook  co.,  Me.  Pop.  559. 
Oakfiold  Post-Office  is  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Iloulton. 

Oakfield,  a  township  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  1080. 
It  contains  Oakfield  Centre. 

Oakfield,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co..  Mo.,  on  or  near 
tho  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  about  40  miles  W.  by  S.  of 
St.  Louis. 

Oakfield,  a  post-township  of  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
1471.    Oakfiold  Post-Offico  is  at  Caryville. 

Oakfield,  a  hamlet  of  Perry  co.,  0.,  1  mile  from  Moxa- 
hala  Railroad  Station.    It  has  a  conl-mino. 

Oakficid,  a  station  in  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ashta- 
bula A  Pittsburg  Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  Warren. 

Oakfield,  a  station  in  Madison  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Chi- 
cago, St.  Louis  &  Now  Orleans  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of 
Jackson. 

Oakfield,  a  post- village  in  Oakfield  township,  Fond  du 
Lao  CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  8 
miles  S.W.  of  Fond  du  Lac.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manu- 
ftcturesof  flour  and  window-blinds.    Pop.  of  township,  1421. 

Oakfield  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kentco.,  Mich.,  in 
Oakficid  township,  6  miles  W.  of  Greenville.  It  has  a  town 
hall,  a  flouring-mill,  and  3  stores. 

Oak  Flat,  a  post-hamlet  of  Van  Buron  co.,  Ark.,  50 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Lewisburg.  Here  are  a  church  and  a 
steam  flour-mill. 

Oak  Flat,  a  post-office  of  Pendleton  co.,  W.  Va. 

Oak'ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Menard  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Springfield  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  32  miles  N.W.  of 
Springfield. 

Oakford,  Howard  co.,  Ind.    See  FAinpiELD. 

Oakford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  about  18 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Philadelphia. 

Oak  For'est,  a  post-office  of  Lee  co..  Ark. 

Oak  Forest,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  eo.,  Ind.,  about 
86  miles  S.S.W.  of  Richmond. 

Oak  Forest,  a  post-office  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C.,  7  miles 
from  Statcsville. 

Oak  Forest,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Pa.,  in  Cen- 
tre township,  4i  miles  from  Waynesburg. 

Oak  Forest,  a  post-office  of  Gonzales  co.,  Tex. 

Oak  Forest,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co.,  Va. 

Oakfuskee,  5k'fus-kec,  post-office,  Cleburne  co.,  Ala. 

Oakfuskee  Creek,  of  Alabama,  flows  into  Tallapoosa 
River  near  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Tallapoosa  co. 

Oak  Glen,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Cook  co..  111., 
on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  17 
miles  N.  of  Chicago. 

Oak  Glen,  a  post-office  of  Lee  co.,  Va.,  5  miles  W.  of 
Jonesville. 

Oak  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  Ala. 

Oak  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Ark. 

Oak  Grove,  a  post-office  of  San  Diego  eo.,  Cal. 

Oak  Grove,  a  station  in  San  Mateo  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
South  Pacific  Railroad,  19  miles  S.  of  San  Francisco. 

Oak  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  on  the 
Dorchester  A  Delaware  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Seaford. 

Oak  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Santa  Rosa  co.,  Fla.,  on 


Yellow  River,  40  miles  S.E.  of  Brewton,  Ala.    It  ha. 
churohos  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Oak  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  McLean  oo,,  111.  ab 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Bloomington.  ' 

Oak  Grove,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Ind.  Pop,  12 

Oak  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Poweshiek  co,,  lowii. 

Oak  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Pottawatomie  oo,,  Kani 

Oak  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Christian  co,,  Ky.,  ab 
15  miles  S.  of  Hopkinsville. 

Oak  Grove,  a  j^st-hamlct  of  West  Carroll  parish,  I 
35  miles  N.  of  Delhi.     It  has  a  church. 

Oak  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Prince  George's  oo.,  > 
at  Plawrcncovillo. 

Oak  Grove,  a  station  in  Middlesex  eo.,  Mass.,  on 
Boston  A  Maine  Railroad,  i  mile  N.  of  Maiden  Station, 

Oak  Grove,  or  Cliemung'ville,  a  post-hamlet 
Livingston  co,,  Mich,,  7  miles  N.  of  Howell.  It  ha 
church. 

Oak  Grove,  a  post-township  of  Anoka  co.,  Minn.  P_ 
283.  Oak  Grove  Post-Office  is  on  Rum  River,  about  i 
miles  N.  of  Minneapolis. 

Oak  Grove,  a  post- village  of  Jackson  co..  Mo.,  abt 
30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Kansas  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Oak  Grovc<  a  township  of  Oregon  co.,  Mo.   Pop.  U 

Oak  Grove,  a  post-hamlot  in  Franklin  township,  II 
terdon  co.,  N.J.,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Flemington.  It  ha 
church  and  a  manufactory  of  wagons. 

Oak  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Union  co,,  N,C.,  13  mi 
N.  of  Monroe. 

Oak  Grove,  a  township  of  Wake  co.,  N.C.  Pop.  ' 

Oak  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Lucas  co.,  0. 

Oak  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  S,C, 

Oak  Grove,  a  post-office  of  JefTcrson  co,,  Tenn. 

Oak  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Tarrant  co,,  Tex,,  12  m  i 
S.  of  Fort  AVorth. 

Oak  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Va, 

Oak  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  in  Oak  Grove  townsu, 
Dodge  CO.,  Wis.,  3  miles  from  Juneau,  and  38  miles  N.E  f 
Madison.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  80.  The  township  «  . 
tains  Juneau,  the  capital  of  the  county,  and  is  intertec  J 
by  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad.     Pop.  1958. 

Oak  Grove,  a  township  of  Pierce  Co.,  AVis,    Pop,  M, 

Oak  Groves,  a  post-office  of  Seward  co.,  Nob. 

Oak  Hall,  a  hamlet   of  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  in  Col  « 
township,  11  miles  S.  of  Bellcfonte.     It  has  a  foundry 
a  woollen-factory. 

Oak  Hall,  a  post-office  of  Accomack  co.,  Va. 

Oakham,  or  Okeham,  5'kara,  a  town  of  Englill, 
capital  of  the  co.  of  Rutland,  with  a  station  on  tho  ] 
Midland   Railway,  11  miles  AV,N,AV.  of  Stamford.    I 
neatly  built,  and  has  a  fine  church,  a  grammar-school, 
an  old  castle.     Pop.  (1891 )  10,919. 

Oak'ham,  a  post-village  of  AA'^orcester  co.,  Mass. 
Oakham  township,  about  li  miles  N.AV.  of  AVorccstcr  C 
Pop.  of  the  township,  873. 

Oak'liam,  or  Salmon  Creek  Settlement,  a  p 
settlement  in  Queens  co..  New  Brunswick,  on  AVashf 
moak  River,  14  miles  from  Hampton.    Pop.  ISO. 

Oakhampton,  or  Okehampton,  ok-hamp'tpt 
town  of  England,  co.  of  Devon,  on  tho  Ocke,  22  n: 
AV.N.AV.  of  Exeter.  The  town  is  irregularly  built,  and 
ruins  of  a  castle  of  the  Earls  of  Devon.     Pop.  1900. 

Oak  Har'bor,  a  post-villago  in  Salem  township, 
tawa  CO.,  0.,  on  Portage  River,  and  on  the  Lake  Shor 
Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  11  miles  AV.  of  Port  Clin 
and  24  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Toledo.  It  has  4  churches,  a  n( 
paper  office,  a  gr.adcd  school,  and  manufactures  of  wag 
lumber,  sash,  blind.s,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1681. 

Oak  Harbor,  a  post-hamlct  of  Island  co.,  AVashing  i, 
on  Puget  Sound,  60  miles  N.  of  Tacoma.    It  has  a  pn 
hall,  and  a  deep  and  secure  harbor. 

Oak  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Etowah  co.,  Ala. 

Oak  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co..  Ark. 

Oak  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Volusih.  co,,  Fla. 

Oak  Hill  (Rosefield  Post-Office),  a  village  in  Roscll 
township,  Peoria  co.,  HI.,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlingtoik 
Quincy  llailro.ad  (Galesburg  A  Peoria  division),  21  a* 
N.AA''.  of  Peoria.     It  has  7  churches. 

Oak  Hill,  a  post-offioo  of  Clay  co.,  Kansas,  16  El 
S.AV.  of  Clay  Centre. 

Oak  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Mercer  co.,  Ky.,  4  mlm- 
of  Harrodsburg.  |, 

Oak  Hill,  a  hamlet  in  Otisfield  township,  CumberlW 
CO.,  Me,,  about  35  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Portland. 

Oak  Hill,  a  station  in  Cumberland  co..  Me.,  on  « 
Maine  Central  Railroad,  4  miles  AV^,  of  Brunswick. 

Oak  Hill,  or  Scar'borough  Beach,apo8t-hai » 


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*  and  watering-plaoe  in  Scarborough  township,  Cumberland 
30.  Mo.,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the  Boston  A  Maine 
and  Portsmouth,  Saco  A  Portland  Railroads,  7  miles  S.W. 
of  Portland.  It  contains  a  church  and  6  summer  hotels 
and  boarding-houses,  and  has  a  mineral  spring.  Here  is 
a  remarkable  promontory,  called  Prout's  Neck,  or  Libby's 
Ncek,  also  good  bathing-ground.  The  name  of  its  post- 
office  is  Oak  Hill,  and  of  its  station  Scarborough  Beach. 

Oak  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  about  40 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Detroit. 

Oak  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  oc,  Mo.,  about  75 
uiilos  S.W.  of  St.  Louis.     Pop.  of  Oak  Hill  township,  707. 

Oak  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Durham  township,  Greene 
CO.  N.Y.,  on  Catskill  Creek,  about  32  miles  S.W.  of  Albany. 
It  has  a  foundry,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  3  stores,  and  2 
churches.     Pop.  about  350. 

Oak  Hill,  a  post-township  of  Granville  co.,  N.C.,  25 
miles  W.  of  Henderson.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  2183. 

Oak  Hill,  or  Port'land,  a  post-village  in  Jefferson 
township,  Jackson  co.,  0.,  on  the  Portsmouth  Branch  of 
the  Marietta  <fc  Cincinnati  Railroad,  31  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Portsmouth.  It  has  several  churches,  a  bank,  an  iron- 
furnace,  and  2  manufactories  of  fire-bricks.     P.  (1 890)  657. 

Oak  Hill,  a  post-hauilet  in  Little  Britain  township, 
Liinoastor  co.,  Pa.,  about  32  miles  W.  of  Wilmington,  Del. 
It  has  several  churches  near  it. 

Oak  Hill,  a  post- village  of  Lexington  co.,  S.C,  5  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Littleton  Station. 

Oak  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Overton  co.,  Tenn.,  9  miles 
jS.W.  of  Livingston,     It  has  2  churches. 
I    Oak  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Travis  co.,  Tex.,  8  miles 
[W.  of  Austin.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Oak  Hill,  a  small  post-village  of  Fayette  oo.,  W.  Va., 
6  miles  S.W.  of  Fayetteville.     It  has  a  church. 

Oak  Hill,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Wis., 
ibout  28  miles  N.E.  of  Janesville. 

Oak  Hill,  a  post-settlement  in   Charlotte  co.,  New 

iSrunswick,  II  miles  from  St.  Stephen.     Pop.  300. 
Oak  Hill,  a  post-villago  in  Victoria  co.,  Ontario,  7 
nileg  W.  of  Coboconk.     Pop.  100. 
Oak  Hill  Land'ing,  a  station  of  the  Hudson  River 
lailroad,  on  the  Hudson  River,  opposite  Catskill,  N.Y. 
;   Oak'ington,  a  village  of  Harford  co.,  Md.     Pop.  153. 
Oak  Island,  a  station  in  Suffolk  co.,  Mass.,  on  Revere 
!each,  and  on  the  Boston,  Revere  Beach  <fc  Lynn  Railroad, 
i  miles  N.E.  of  Boston. 

Oak  Island,  a  station  of  the  Central  Railroad  of  New 
crsey  (Newark  &  Elizabeth  Branch),  4  miles  S.  of  Newark. 
Oak  Lake,  a  township  of  Becker  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  339. 
Oakland,  ok'land,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Michi- 
|Mi,  has  an  area  of  900  square  miles.     It  is  drained  by  the 
[linton  River,  which  rises  in  it,  and  by  several  affluents  or 
ranches  of  the  Flint  and  Shiawassee  Rivers.     The  surface 
i  partly  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  numerous  small 
kes  of  pure  water.     Nearly  one-fourth  of  the  area  is  cov- 
ed with  forests,  in  which  the  oak,  ash,  sugar-maple,  beech, 
ra,  Ac,  are  found.    The  soil  is  very  fertile.     Wheat,  In- 
an  corn,  oats,  hay,  butter,  wool,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple 
[••oducts  of  this  county,  in  all  of  which  it  holds  a  leading 
|,nk  among  the  counties  of  the  state.     It  is  intersected  by 

!e  Detroit,  Grand  Haven  &  Milwaukee  R.ailroad,  the  Flint 
Fere  Marquette  Railroad,  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad, 
e  Pontiac,  Oxford  <fc  Northern  Railroad,  the  Detroit,  Lan- 
ig  A  Northern  Railroad,  the  Toledo,  Ann  Arbor  A  North 
lichigan  Railroad,  and  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad, 
tipital,  Pontiac.  Pop.  in  1870,  40,867:  in  1880,  41,537; 
:  1890,  41,245. 

Oakland,  a  post-office  of  Lauderdale  co.,  Ala.,  8  miles 
;  W.  of  Florence. 

j  Oakland,  a  hamlet  of  Arkansas  co.,  Ark.,  about  75 
les  S.E.  of  Little  Rock. 

iOaklnnd,a  beautiful  city,  capital  of  Alameda  co.,  Cal., 
I  pleasantly  situated  on  the  E.  shore  of  the  Bay  of  San 
lancisco,  7  miles  E.  of  the  city  of  San  Francisco.  It  is 
pnected  with  Sacramento  by  the  Central  Pacific  Rail- 
iul,  and  is  133  miles  S.W.  of  that  capital.  It  has  a 
jilthy  and  pleasant  climate.  It  was  the  original  seat  of 
j)  University  of  California,  which  has  been  removed  to 
I  rkcley,  about  4  miles  distant.  Large  steam  ferry-boats 
\r  frequently  between  Oakland  and  San  Francisco.  The 
;y  is  well  lighted,  and  has  wide,  well-paved  streets.  It 
itains  16  churches,  the  California  Military  Academy,  the 
[Iden  Gate  Academy,  a  convent,  a  high  school,  the  Female 
^'.lege  of  the  Pacific,  the  Pacific  Theological  Seminary 
!  mgrcgational),  an  institution  for  the  deaf,  dumb,  and 
:nd,  a  court-house  which  cost  $200,000,  2  national  gold 
jiks,  2  savings-banks,  first-class  hotels,  and  numerous  ele- 


gant and  expensive  dwellings.  Three  daily  and  4  weeklj 
newspapers  are  published  here.  The  streets  are  provided 
by  nature  with  a  profusion  of  majestic  live-oaks,  which  are 
covered  with  foliage  all  the  year  round.  The  supply  of  water 
comes  from  numerous  streams  and  springs  in  the  adjacent 
hills,  and  is  pure  and  inexhaustible.  The  environs  are 
adorned  with  gardens,  vineyards,  and  beautiful  scenery 
and  drives.  Oakland  has  a  good  harbor,  and  great  advan- 
tages for  a  commercial  city.  It  has  4  horse-railroads,  3 
flouring-mills,  3  planing-mills,  2  potteries,  a  brass-foundry, 
3  tanneries,  a  jute-bag- factory,  Ac.  This  town  was  incor- 
porated in  1852.  Pop.  in  1860,  1543;  in  1870,  10,500;  in 
1880,  34,555;  in  1890,  48,682. 

Oakland,  a  post-office  of  Meriwether  co.,  Ga. 

Oakland,  a  post-village  in  East  Oakland  township. 
Coles  CO.,  111.,  on  the  Illinois  Midland  Railroad,  17  miles 
E.  of  Areola,  and  18  miles  AV.  of  Paris.  It  hfis  a  national 
bank,  3  churches,  2  drug-stores,  a  graded  school,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  2  wagon-shops.     Pop.  about  900. 

Oakland,  a  township  of  Schuyler  co..  111.     Pop.  1020. 

Oakland,  a  station  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Cleve- 
land, Columbus  A  Indianapolis  Railroad,  14  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Indianapolis.     Hero  is  Oaklandon  Post-Office. 

Oakland,  a  station  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Louis- 
ville, New  Albany  A  Chicago  Railroad,  14  miles  S.  of  Green 
Castle. 

Oakland,  a  post-hamlet  in  Grass  township,  Spencer 
CO.,  Ind.,  about  30  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Evansville. 

Oakland,  a  township  of  Franklin  oo.,Iowa.   Pop.  429. 

Oakland,  a  township  of  Louisa  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  552. 

Oakland,  a  township  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  161. 

Oakland,  a  post-office  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas,  60  milea 
S.  of  Hastings,  Neb. 

Oakland,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  Ky. 

Oakland,  Warren  co.,  Ky.     See  Oakland  Statioh. 

Oakland,  a  post-office  of  Union  parish,  La. 

Oakland,  a  station  in  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  on  the  West- 
ern Maryland  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of  the  initial  station 
in  B.altiraore. 

Oakland,  a  hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  on  the  North 
Branch  of  the  Patapsco  River,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Baltimore. 
It  has  a  woollen-factory  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  150. 

Oakland,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Garrett  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Youghiogheny  River,  and  on  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio 
Railroad,  54  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cumberland,  and  26  miles  W. 
of  Piedmont.  It  is  about  2700  feet  above  the  sca-lcvel.  It 
is  near  the  meadows  or  plateaus  called  the  Glades,  and  ig 
surrounded  with  beautiful  mountain- scenery.  It  is  a  favor- 
ite summer  resort  of  the  Baltimoreans,  and  has  5  churches, 
5  hotels,  3  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of  wool, 
flour,  leather,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1046. 

Oakland,  a  post-township  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  about 
10  miles  N.E.  of  Pontiac,  and  30  miles  N.  by  W.of  Detroit. 
Pop.  972. 

Oakland,  a  post-village  of  Freeborn  co.,  Minn.,  on  tne 
Southern  Minnesota  Railroad,  15  miles  E.  of  Albert  Lea. 
It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  Oakland  township,  525. 

Oakland,  a  post-villsige  of  Y'alabusha  co.,  Miss.,  on 
the  Mississippi  A  Tennessee  Railroad,  22  miles  N.  of  Gren- 
ada. It  contains  the  Oakland  Female  College  and  2 
churches.  About  5000  bales  of  cotton  are  shipped  here 
annually. 

Oakland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Laclede  co..  Mo.,  on  or  near 
the  Gasconade  River,  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lebanon.  It  has 
a  church. 

Oakland,  a  station  in  St.  Louis  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Mis- 
souri Pacific  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Oakland,  a  post-village  of  Burt  co..  Neb.,  is  near 
Logan  Creek,  12  miles  E.  of  West  Point.  It  has  a  flouring- 
mill. 

Oakland,  a  post-village  in  Franklin  township,  Bergen 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Now  Jersey  Midland  Railroad,  and  on  the 
Ramapo  River,  11  miles  Is'^.N.W.  of  Paterson.  It  has  a 
church,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  wooden  typos, 
carriages,  flour,  Ac. 

Oakland,  a  station  in  Salem  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  West 
Jersey  Railroad  (Salem  Branch),  7  miles  E.  of  Salem. 

Oakland,  a  post-village  in  Portage  township,  Living- 
ston CO.,  N.Y.,  about  45  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Rochester.  It  is 
li  miles  from  Nunda  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour- 
mill,  a  foundry,  and  a  machine-shop. 

Oakland,  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.    See  Oakland  Vallet. 

Oakland,  a  township  of  Chatham  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  1693. 

Oakland,  a  post-office  of  Halifax  co.,  N.C. 

Oakland,  a  post-hamlet  in  Chester  township,  Clinton 
CO.,  0.,  3  miles  from  Ogden  Station,  and  about  44  miles  N.E 
of  Cincinnati. 


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OAK 


Oakland,  a  villago  in  Clear  Cre«k  township,  FivirflelU 
00.,  0.,  about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Columbus.  Top.  152. 
Ilore  is  Clear  Creek  Post-Offioe. 

Oakland*  a  post-vllUge  of  Douglas  oo.,  Oregon,  on 
Oilnpooya  Creek,  and  on  the  Oregon  i,  California  Iliiilrood, 
12S  miles  6.  of  Salem,  and  19  miles  N.  of  Uosebur^.  It 
has  several  stores,  a  flotiring-mill,  Ao, 

Oakland,  a  po8t-villago  of  Armstrong  oo.,  Pa.,  in  Ma- 
honing township,  on  Red  Bank  Crook,  14  miles  N.N.K.  of 
Kittanning,  and  3  miles  from  New  liethlehom.  It  has  3 
ohurohes  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  about  200. 

Oakland,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  026. 

Oakland  (West  Whitoland  Post-Offioe),  Chester  co.. 
Pa.,  is  a  station  on  the  Pennsylvania  and  Chester  Valley 
Hail  roads,  2S  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia.  Hero  is  a  marblo- 
quarry. 

Oakland,  Mereer  eo.,  Pa.    See  Fits  Points. 

Oakland,  a  station  in  Monroe  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Dela- 
ware, Lackawanna  &  Western  liailroad,  13  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Stroudsburg. 

Oakland,  township,  Susauehanna  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1106. 

Oakland,  a  township  of  Venango  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1082. 

Oakland,  a  village  in  Burrillvillo  township.  Provi- 
dence CO.,  R.I.,  on  the  Providence  &  Springfleld  Railroad, 
19  miles  N.W.  of  Providence.  It  has  a  satinet-warp-fac- 
tory,  and  a  Friends'  meeting-house.     Pop.  152. 

Oakland,  a  post-offlco  of  Clarendon  oo.,  S.C. 

Oakland,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Tcnn.,  about 
40  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Memphis.  It  has  2  churches  and 
several  business  houses. 

Oakland,  a  sUvtion  in  Robertson  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  St. 
Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  19  miles  N.  of  Nashville. 

Oakland,  a  post-village  of  Colorado  co.,  Tex.,  about 
?5  miles  S.E.  of  Austin. 

Oakland,  a  post-office  of  Louisa  oo.,  Va. 

Oakland,  a  post-village,  formerly  the  capital  of  Mason 
CO.,  Washington,  on  an  inlet  of  Puget  Sound,  about  22  milos 
N.W.  of  Olympia. 

Oakland,  a  hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  W.  Va.,  16  miles  S. 
of  Sir  John's  Run.     It  has  a  church. 

Oakland,  a  post-hamlet  in  Oakland  township,  Jeffer- 
son CO.,  Wis.,  about  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Madison.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1086. 

Oak'land,  a  post-village  in  Brant  co.,  Ontario,  10 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Brantford.  It  contains  several  stores,  a 
saw-  and  grist-mill,  and  an  iron-foundry.     Pop.  200. 

Oakland,  a  settlement  in  Hants  co..  Nova  Scotia,  2 
miles  from  Newport  Landing.     Pop.  130. 

Oakland,  a  settlement  in  Lunenburg  oo.,  Nora  Scotia, 
2  miles  from  Mahone  Bay.     Pop.  350. 

Oakland  City,  a  post-village  in  Columbia  township, 
Gibson  co.,  Ind.,  H  miles  E.  of  Princeton,  and  about  32 
miles  N.N.B.  of  Evansville.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  3 
churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  flour-mill.  Coal  abounds 
here.     Pop.  in  1890,  1524. 

Oakland  Cross  Koads,  apost-hamlet  of  Westmore- 
land CO.,  Pa.,  about  24  miles  E.  of  Pittsburg, 

Oakland  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  Iowa,  on 
Skunk  River,  4  miles  W.  of  Mount  Pleasant.  It  has  a 
flour-mill  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Oakland  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nicholas  co.,  Ky., 
0  miles  E.  of  Carlisle.  It  has  a  whisky-distillery  and 
about  12  houses. 

Oakland  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Howard  co.,  Md., 
about  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Baltimore. 

Oakland  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Juniata  co.,  Pa.,  5 
miles  N.E.  of  Mifflintown,  and  about  36  miles  N.W.  of 
Harrisburg.     It  has  a  flouring-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Oaklandon,  Marion  co.,  Ind.    See  Oakland. 

Oakland  Station,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Louisville  &  Memphis  Railroad,  12  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Bowling  Green.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Oakland  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  •Franklin  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Iowa  River,  about  42  miles  E.  of  Fort  Dodge, 

Oakland  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Monticello  &  Port  Jervis  Railroad,  at  Oakland  Sta- 
tion, 13  miles  N.  of  Port  Jervis.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
tannery,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  quarry  of  bluestone. 

Oak  Lane,  a  station  of  the  North  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road, 6  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Oak  Lawn,  a  post-village  in  Cranston  township,  Prov- 
idence CO.,  R.I.,  on  the  New  York  &  New  England  Railroad, 
6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Providence.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  76. 

Oak  Lawn,  township,  Greenville  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  995. 

Oak  Lev'el,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cleburne  co.,  Ala.,  about 
44  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rome,  Ga.  It  has  an  academy  and  4 
churches. 


hu 


Oak  Level,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  Ky. 

Oak  Level,  a  post-hamlct  of  Henry  co.,  Vi 
Smith's  River,  50  miles  W.N.W.  of  Danville.  It 
church  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Oak'ley,  a  village  of  Scotland,  cos.  of  Fife  and  Perth 
6  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Dunfermline.  It  has  coal-minMtni 
iron- works.     Pop.  1127. 

Oak'ley,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ala. 

Oakley,  a  post-offiooand  landing  of  Arkansas  co.,  Ark. 
on  the  Arkansas  River,  16  miles  above  Arkansas  Post. 

Oakley,  a  post-office  of  Owyhee  co.,  Idaho. 

Oakley,  or  Green  River,  a  post-hamlct  of  Ilenr 
CO.,  III.,  on  Green  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Iilani 
A,  Pacific  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  Goncseo.  It  has  a  churnl 
and  a  coal-mine. 

Oakley,  a  post-hamlct  in  Oakley  township,  Mnoon  co, 
111.,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  8  milos  E.  of  Decatur.  Poii 
of  the  township,  1137. 

Oakley,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  parish.  La.,  on  th< 
Tensas  River,  about  50  miles  S.E.  of  Monroe. 

Oakley,  a  post-village  in  Brady  township,  Saginaw  oo. 
Mioh.,  on  the  Saginaw  division  of  the  Miuhignn  Centrt 
Railroad,  39  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lansing,  and  10  miles  N,  oj 
Owosso.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  stavo-faotory 
and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  350. 

Oakley,  a  post-village  in  Columbia  township,  Ilamiltoi 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  12  mile 
N.E.  of  Cincinnati.     It  has  a  church. 

Oakley,  a  post-office  of  Susquehanna  co..  Pa.,  on  th( 
Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  30  miles  N.  ol 
Scran  ton. 

Oakley,  a  post-office  of  Overton  co.,  Tenn. 

Oakley,  a  post-office  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  Va. 

Oakley,  a  post-hamlct  of  Green  co..  Wis.,  0  miles  S.  oi 
Juda  Station,  and  about  36  miles  S.  of  Madison.  It  has  i 
church  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Oakley  Depot,  a  post-office  of  Charleston  co.,  S.C,  oi 
the  Northeastern  Railroad,  26  miles  N.  of  Charleston. 

Oak  Lodge,  a  post- village  of  the  Choctaw  Nation,  In 
dian  Territory,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Fort  Smith,  Ark.  It  bai 
a  church,  a  school,  a  steam  grist-mill,  and  3  stores. 

Oak  Lone,  a  post-village  of  Cleburne  co.,  Ala.,  12 
miles  from  Cross  Pl.tins.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy 

Oak  Mills,  or  Port  Williams,  a  post-hamlet  o 
Atchison  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Missouri  River,  and  on  th( 
Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  about  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lea?' 
enworth.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Oakmulgce,  ok-miirghee,  a  post-office  of  Perry  oo.^ 
Ala.,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Randolph  Station. 

Oakmulgee  Creek,  of  Alabama,  flows  into  Cabawbi 
River  about  12  miles  N.  of  Cahawba. 

Oakohay,  5k-o-ha',  a  post-office  of  Covington  co.,Mi8i 

Oak  Or'chard,  a  post-village  of  Frederick  oo.,  Md., 
about  35  miles  W.N.W.  of  Baltimore. 

Oak  Orchard,  a  post-village  of  Orleans  co.,  N.Y.,  oi 
Oak  Orchard  Creek,  about  40  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Rochestsr 
It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  Ac.     See  also  Manila. 

Oak  Orchard  Creek,  in  the  W.  part  of  New  York, 
rises  in  Genesee  co.,  flows  through  Orleans  co.,  and  falU 
into  Lake  Ontario  about  10  miles  N.  of  Albion. 

Oak  Park,  a  post- village  in  Cicero  township,  Cook  co., 
111.,  on  the  Des  Plaines  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  i 
Northwestern  Railroad,  8i  miles  W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  8 
churches,  2  public  halls,  and  many  fine  residences.  Pop. 
in  1S80,  1888;  in  1890,  4771. 

Oak  Park,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Va.,  on 
Robinson  River,  8  miles  N.AV.  of  Rapidan  Station.  It  hoi 
several  churches,  the  Oak  Park  Female  Seminary,  Ac 

Oak  Park,  a  post-village  in  Shelburne  co..  Nova  Sco-i 
tia,  3  miles  from  Barrington.     Pop.  130. 

Oak^plain',  a  station  in  Hendricks  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Vandalia  &  Terro  Haute  Railroad,  12i  milos  W.  of  j 
Indianapolis. 

Oak  Point,  a  post-office  of  Clark  co.,  111.,  about  331 
miles  S.E.  of  Mattoon. 

Oak  Point,  a  post-office  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa. 

Oak  Point,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
river  St.  Lawrence,  5  miles  W,  of  Hammond  SUtion. 

Oak  Point,  a  post-office  of  Wilson  co.,  Tenn. 

Oak  Point,  a  post-village  of  Cowlitz  co.,  Washingtoa, 
on  the  Columbia  River,  23  miles  below  Kalama.  It  h«l » 
lumber-mill  and  a  salmon-fishery.     Pop.  about  125. 

Oak  Point,  a  post-village  in  the  district  of  Marquetts, 
Manitoba,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Lake  Manitoba,  30  miles  from 
Fort  Garry.  It  contains  about  20  houses  and  a  trading- 
post  of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company. 

Oak  Point,  a  post-settlement  in  Northumberhind  oo. 


OAK 


2041 


OAS 


ew  Brunswick,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  Miramichi,  13  miles 
jom  Chatham.    Pop.  100. 

I  Oak  Point,  a  post-village  and  river-port  in  Kings  co., 
'.ew  Brunswick,  on  the  St.  John  River,  25  miles  from  St. 
lihn.    Pop.  250. 

Oak  Ridge,  a  post-offioe  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ala. 
'Oak  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Meriwether  co.,  Qa., 
jout  66  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Atlanta.     It  has  a  church. 
Oak  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Menard  co..  III. 
Oak  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind. 
Oak  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Elk  co.,  Kansas,  about  30 
;ios  N.N.W.  of  Independence. 

lOak  Ridge,  a  hamlet  of  Morehouse  parish.  La.,  11 
lies  N.  of  Girard  Station.     It  has  2  or  3  churches. 
jOak  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Winona  co.,  Minn.,  about 
Uiles  W.N.W.  of  Winona. 

I)ak  Ridge,  a  post-village  of  Cape  Girardeau  co..  Mo., 
:[milea  N.E.  of  Marble  Hill,  and  about  100  miles  S.S.E. 
ijst.  Louis.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  high  school. 

ak  Ridge,  a  post-village  of  Passaic  co.,  N.J.,  in 

;t  Milford  township,  on  the  New  Jersey  Midland  Rail- 

.,  47  miles  N.N.W.  of  New  York  City.    It  has  a  church, 

ak  Ridge,  a  hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y.,  about 

iles  S.  of  Fonda. 

ak  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Guilford 

N.C.,  about  90  miles  W.N.W.  of  Raleigh.     It  has  the 

Ridge  Institute,  a  tannery,  <tc.     Pop.  1022. 

ak  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co.,  0. 

ak  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Macon  co.,  Tenn.,  24 
es  from  Gallatin.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a 

-mill. 

ak  Run,  a  post-office  of  Shasta  co.,  Cal. 

ak  Run,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  0.     Pop.  456. 

ak  Run,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co.,  W.  Va. 

aks,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  N.C. 

aks,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Per- 
!nen  Railroad,  IJ  miles  N.  of  Perkiomcn  Junction. 

aks,  a  post-office  of  Sauk  co.,  Wis. 

ak's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  in  Phelps  township, 

irio  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Auburn  Branch  of  the  New  York 

[tral  Railroad,  30  miles  W.  of  Auburn,  and  4i  miles  N. 

eneva.    It  has  a  church  and  a  carriage-shop. 

ak  Shade,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  0.,  about  32 

3  W.  of  Toledo. 

ak  Shade,  a  hamlet  of  Bedford  co..  Pa.,  8  miles  from 
C^na.    It  has  a  church. 

ak  Shade,  a  hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  about  21 
m  s  S.S.E.  of  Lancaster. 

!ak  Shade,  a  post-office  of  Culpeper  co.,  Va. 

lak  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Davis  co.,  Iowa,  about  16 
m  i  S.W.  of  Ottumwa. 

|ak  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Rutherford  co.,  N.C. 

ak  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Anoka  co.,  Minn. 

ak  Station,  a  post-office  of  Stearns  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
St  aul  &  Pacific  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Melrose. 

iks'ville,  a  post-village  in  Otsego  township,  Otsego 
eoif.Y.,  on  the  outlet  of  Schuyler  Lake,  4  miles  N.W.  of 
CoBrstown.     It  has  a  cotton-mill  and  a  grist-mill. 

ik-Ta-Ha,  a  station  of  the  Missouri,  Kansas  <k 
Te  3  Railroad,  13i  miles  S.  of  Muscogee,  Indian  Terri- 
toii 

>lkthorpe,  ok'thorp,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of 
t>y,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Ashby-de-la-Zouch.     Pop.  594. 

Uktibbeha,  Mississippi.    See  Oktibbeha. 

«;iktown,  Pulaski  co..  111.    See  Kerk's  Mills. 

'|ik  Town,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
By|3ville  &  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  14i  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Viynnes.     It  has  a  church  and  a  seminary.     Pop.  200. 

(|  ktuppa  (Ok-tup'pa)  Creek,  Alabama,  flows  through 
"atington  co.,  and  enters  Tombigbee  River  from  the  right. 

'i-k  Vale,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co..  Miss. 

ik'vale,  a  post-office  of  Coleman  co.,  Tex, 

<ik  Val'ley,  a  post-office  of  Elk  co.,  Kansas. 

<j  k  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Hill  co.,  Tex. 

<ik'ville,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ala. 

Jlkville,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co..  Ark. 

Skville,  a  post-office  of  Napa  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Cali- 
loni  Pacific  Railroad,  52  miles  N.  of  San  Francisco. 

vkville,  a  post-village  in  AVatertown  township.  New 
J'l'  1  CO.,  Conn.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Naugatuck  Railroad, 
amlsN.W.  of  Watcrbury. 

Jlkville,  a  post-office  of  Delaware  co.,  Ind. 

Skville,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Mary's  co.,  Md.,  about 
4^  i;e3  S.  by  W.  of  Annapolis. 

tjkville,  a  post-hamlet  in  London  township,  Monroe 
<»-.;ich.,  about  34  miles  S.W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  2 
cQu;  es. 

i    129 


Oakville,  a  post-office  of  St.  Louis  co..  Mo. 

Oakviile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.C,  4 J  milei 
N.  of  Macon  Depot.  It  has  an  academy,  2  steam  saw- 
mills, and  a  cotton-gin. 

Oakville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Linn  co.,  Oregon,  in  the 
Willamette  Valley,  5  miles  W.  of  Tangent  Station.  It  ha8 
a  church. 

Oakville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Newton  township,  Cumber- 
land CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad,  loi  miles 
S.AV.  of  Carlisle.     It  has  a  church  and  3  grain-warehouses. 

Oakville,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn.,  3i  miles 
from  White's  Station,  which  is  9  miles  E.  of  Memphis.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 

Oakville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Live  Oak  co.,  Tex., 
1  mile  from  the  Rio  Nueces,  and  about  90  miles  S.  by  E  t/f 
San  Antonio.  It  has  a  newspaper  office  and  several  sul- 
phur springs.    Pop.  in  1890,  329.  ; 

Oakville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Appomattox  co.,  Va.,  about 
16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lynchburg.     It  has  near  it  2  churches. 

Oakville,  a  post-office  of  Chehalis  co.,  Washington, 

Oakville,  a  post-village  and  port  of  entry  of  Ontario, 
Ilalton  CO.,  on  Lake  Ontario,  at  the  outlet  of  Sixteen  Mile 
Creek,  on  the  Great  Western  Railway,  22  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Toronto.  It  has  5  churches,  several  hotels,  mills,  and  fac- 
tories, ship-building  yards,  and  a  newspaper  office.  P.  1GS4. 

Oakville,  Quebec.     See  Mount.ioy. 

Oak'way,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oconee  co.,  S.C.,  8  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Seneca. 

Oak'well,  a  post-bamlet  of  Camden  co.,  Ga.,  on  St. 
Mary's  River,  15  miles  W.  of  St.  Mary's. 

OakAVOOd,  Pulaski  co..  111.    See  IvEun's  Mills. 

Oak'wood,  a  post-office  in  Oakwood  township,  Ver- 
milion CO.,  111.,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  &  Western 
Railroad,  8  miles  AV.  of  Danville.  The  township  has  3 
churches,  and  a  pop.  of  2364.     Coal  is  found  in  it. 

Oakwood,  a  post-office  of  La  Porto  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Indianapolis,  Peru  &  Chicago  Railroad,  6^  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Michigan  City. 

Oalcwood,  a  station  in  Polk  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Keokuk 
&  Des  Moines  Railroad,  14  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Des  Moines. 

Oakwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Linn  co.,  Kansas,  about 
30  miles  N.AV.  of  Fort  Scott.     It  h.as  a  mill. 

Oakwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  near  the 
Susquehanna,  40  miles  N.E.  of  Baltimore. 

Oakwood,  a  post-village  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  about 
44  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  a  church  and  a  foun- 
dry.    It  is  2  miles  from  Thomas  Railroad  Station.    P.  150. 

Oakwood,  a  township  of  Wabash  co.,  Minn,     P,  890. 

Oakwood,  a  post-hamlet  in  Brown  township,  Pauld- 
ing CO.,  0.,  near  the  Auglaize  River,  17  miles  S.  of  Defi- 
ance.    It  has  a  church. 

Oakwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Tenn.,  8 
miles  N.  of  Corbandale  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Oakwood,  a  post-village  of  Leon  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  In- 
ternational <t  Great  Northern  Railroad,  17  miles  S.AV.  of 
Palestine.     It  has  a  church.    Cotton  is  shipped  here. 

Oakwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham  co.,  Va.,  T 
miles  from  Cowan's  Depot.     It  has  a  church. 

Oakwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Milwaukee  co.,  Wis.,  oa 
the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  12  miles  S. 
of  Milwaukee. 

Oakwood,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co.,  Ontario,  8 
miles  W.N.AV.  of  Lindsay.  It  contains  a  paper-mill,  2 
hotels,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  500. 

Oak'woods,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fleming  co.,  Ky.,  3i 
miles  from  Ewing  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  a  seminary, 
and  a  mill. 

Oakwood  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  oo.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Keokuk  &  Des  Moines  Railroad,  about  5  miles  E.  of 
Des  Moines. 

Oaky  (ok'§)  Streak,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Ala., 
about  60  miles  S.  of  Montgomery. 

Oamaru,  o-im^l-roo',  a  town  of  New  Zealand,  on  the 
E.  coast  of  South  Island,  85  miles  by  rail  S.  by  AV.  of 
Timaru,  It  is  handsomely  built,  has  a  fine  court-house,  a 
concrete  breakwater  for  shipping,  a  hospital,  and  quarriei 
of  excellent  stone,  and  is  a  sea-bathing  resort  and  a  place 
of  active  trade.     Pop,  5000, 

Oanna,  Pacific  Ocean,    See  Prince  op  AVales  Island. 

Oaracta,  the  ancient  name  of  Kishm. 

Oasis,  o'a-sis  oro-i'sis  (Arab.  With,  wi;  Gr,  Ottru),  a 
word  signifying  "  a  fertile  tract  surrounded  by  a  desert," 
but  applied  especially  to  those  in  the  Libyan  desert,  under 
the  Egyptian  dominion;  the  Great  Oasis  being  120  miles 
AV,  of  Thebes,  the  AVestern  Oasis  40  miles  farther  AV,,  and 
the  Lesser  Oasis  100  miles  S.AV.  of  Fayoom, 

OasiSi  O-a'sis,  a  post-office  of  Inyo  co.,  Cal. 


OAS 


2042 


OBE 


Oasis,  a  post-village  of  Jobnuon  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the  Bur- 
lington, Codar  UapiUt  A  Northern  lUilroiKl,  24  miles  S.S.R. 
of  CoJur  ItiipiJs,  and  about  S  uiilos  N.£.  of  Iowa  City.  It 
bos  a  church  and  a  depot  for  grain. 

Oasis,  apost-oflico  of  Salino  co.,  Kansas. 

Oasis,  a  post-offico  of  Iberia  parish.  La.,  on  the  New 
Orleans  <fc  Texas  Uuilroad. 

Oasis,  a  post-office  in  Oasts  township,  AVaushara  oo., 
Wis.,  about  46  miles  N.  of  Portage  City.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  COS. 

Ontafu,  South  Pacific.    See  Duke  or  York. 

Oatcs  (Gts)  Island,  a  post-offioo  of  Marion  co.,  Tonn., 
on  the  Tennessee  River. 

Oatlands,  St'l^nz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va., 
about  34  miles  W.N.W.  of  Washington,  U.O.  It  has  a 
ohurob  and  a  flour-mill. 

Ont'ineal, a  hamlet  of  Burnet  oo.,  Tex.,  about  40 miles 
N.W.  of  Austin. 

Oats'villc,  a  post-office  of  Pike  oo.,  Ind. 

Oaxaca,  a  state  of  Mexico.    See  Oajaca. 

Ob,  a  ri\-or  of  Russia.    Seo  Obi. 

O'ban,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Argyle,  on 
Oban  Bay,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Invorary.  It  is  a  railway 
terminus,  and  has  manufactures  of  silk  and  of  straw  hats, 
and  exports  pig-iron,  whisky,  wool,  fish,  kelp,  and  slates. 
Pop.  2413. 

O'ban,  a  post-office  of  Saline  co.,  Kansas. 

O'baii,  a  post-village  in  Lambton  co.,  Ontario,  3  miles 
from  Mandamin.     Pop.  175. 

O'Dau'non,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Jefferson 
CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  Louisville  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  14  miles 
£.  of  Louisville.     It  has  an  academy  and  several  churches. 

Obanos,  o-ni'noco,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre, 
S.S.W.  of  Pamplona.     Pop.  1317. 

Obbia,  the  ancient  name  of  TEunANOTA. 

Obdorsk,  ob-donsk',  or  Obdorskoi,  ob-don-skoi',  a 
station  in  Tobolsk,  Siberia,  on  the  Obi,  near  its  mouth. 
Lat.  06°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  67°  20'  E. 

Obdorsk  Mountains.    See  Ural  Mountains. 

Obe,  a  river  of  Siberia.     See  Obi. 

O  Becse,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Becse. 

Obed's,  or  Obey's,  Tennessee.    See  Obie's  River. 

Obcid,  o-bid'  or  o-bi'eed,  called  also  £l-Obeid,  or 
Al-Obcid,  the  capital  town  of  Kordofan,  in  Africa,  240 
miles  S.W.  of  Sennaar.  Lat.  13°  11'  N. ;  Ion.  30°  8'  E. 
Estimated  pop.  30,000.  There  are  5  mosques,  barracks,  a 
hospital,  governor's  residence,  and  a  market-place.  Water 
sometimes  is  very  scarce,  the  wells  being  nearly  100  feet 
deep.  The  exports  comprise  gold,  silver,  hides,  ivory,  gum 
arable,  oil,  and  slaves. 

Ober,  o'hijr  {i.e.,  "upper"),  a  prefix  to  the  names  of 
numerous  places  in  Germany,  as  Ober-Qlogau  ;  for  those 
not  undermentioned,  see  additional  name. 

Ober«Acheru,  o'b^r-i'x^m,  a  village  of  Baden,  circle 
of  Middle  Rhine,  bailiwick  of  Achern.     Pop.  1068. 

Oberalp,  o'b^r-ilp^  a  pass  and  small  lake  of  Switzer- 
land, at  the  S.W.  extremity  of  the  canton  of  Uri. 

O'ber-Bre'men,  a  village  of  Auglaize  co.,  0.,  in  Ger- 
man township,  near  the  Miami  Canal,  about  54  miles  N.N. W. 
of  Dayton.     Pop.  423.    See  also  New  Bremen. 

0*ber-BU'ren,a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  10 
miles  N.W.  of  St.  Gall,  on  the  Thur,  at  tho  mouth  of  the 
Glatt.     Pop.  1627. 

Ober-Uiesbachjo'b^r-dees'biK,  a  village  of  Switzer- 
land, 11  miles  S.E.  of  Bern.     Pop.  of  parish,  6915. 

Obcrdorf,  o'b^r-dour,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  in  Swabia, 
37  miles  N.W.  of  Wurzburg.     Pop.  1201. 

Ober-Diirnten,  Switzerland.     See  DOrnten. 

Ober-Ehnheim,a  town  of  Alsace.     See  Eu.nheim. 

Ober-Elchingen,  Bavaria.     See  Elchingen. 
.   Ober-FI5rsheim,  Germany.    See  Florsheim. 

Ober-Friedeberg,  Germany.    See  Friedebero. 

Obergestelen,  o^b^r-ghfiu'ti-l^n,  and  Oberwald, 
o'b9r--*ilt\  the  two  highest  villages  in  tho  valley  of  the 
Rhone,  Upper  Valais,  Switzerland;  the  former  4360  feet 
above  the  sea.     Pop.  253  and  274. 

Ober-Giinzburg,  Germany.     See  GUnzbitrg. 

Ober-Hansdorf,  Prussia.     Seo  Hansdorp. 

Ober-Hasli,  Switzerland.    See  IIasli. 

Oberhausen,  o'b^r-hSw^z^n,  a  village  of  Baden,  on 
tho  Rhine,  and  on  a  railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Ettenheim. 
Pop.  2397. 

Oberhansen,  a  town  of  Prussia,  at  the  junction  of 
several  railways,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Essen.  It  has  coal- 
mines, furnaces,  potteries,  and  machine-shops.  Pop.  of 
commune,  15,476. 

Oberhellyen,  the  German  name  of  Udtarhelt. 


Ober-Uosson,  o'bQr-hds't^n  (t.«.,  "Upper  Hmm") 
tho  northeastern  province  of  Hesse,  Germany.  Area,  1271 
square  miles.     Pop.  254,036. 

Obcr-IIollabrunn,  o'bvr-hSl'li-brCon,  a  town  ol 
Lower  Austri.i,  28  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Yiemm.     V.  22".'l 

Obcr-KauTiingcn,  o'b^r-kow'foung'^n,  a  town'ol 
Ucsso,  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cassel.     Pop.  212U. 

Oberkirch,  o'b^r-kGSRK^  a  town  of  Baden,  7  mile 
N.E.  of  ODenburg.     Pop.  2705. 

Obcrloa,  o'b^r-lA,  a  town  of  Austria,  a  few  miles  E 
of  Vienna.     Pop.  3087. 

O'berland  (Gor.  pron.  o'b?r-lint*,  tho  "Upper  Coun 
try"),  in  Switzerland,  comprises  all  tho  canton  of  Bern  is 
of  the  Lake  of  Thun,  with  adjacent  parts  uf  UiitorwalJci 
and  Uri.  In  a  more  restricted  sense  it  is  applied  to  tb 
vallevs  of  IIasli,  Grindcnwald,  and  Lauterbrunnen. 

O'berle's  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Carver  co.,  Minn 

O'berlin,  a  post-oflico  of  the  Pottawatomie  Nutiun,  In 
dian  Territory. 

Oberlin,  a  post-office  of  Decatur  co.,  Kansas. 

Oberlin,  a  post-village  of  Lorain  co.,  0.,  in  Ru 
township,  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Kail 
road,  34  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cleveland,  and  22  miles  E.  o 
Norwalk.  It  is  the  seat  of  Oberlin  College  (Congrcga 
tional),  which  was  organized  in  1833  and  is  open  to  bot 
sexes.  Connected  with  this  institution  is  a  theologict 
school,  for  which  a  fine  brick  building  was  erected  in  1.S7. 
Tho  other  buildings  of  the  college  are  also  of  brick.  Thi 
college  has  a  library  of  about  12,000  volumes.  The  averng 
number  of  students  that  attend  it  is  about  900.  Obcrit 
contains  6  churches,  a  handsome  union  school-house, 
national  bank,  a  good  hotel,  a  conservatory  of  music,  on 
2  newspaper  offices.  One  of  the  churches  is  a  large  brie 
building,  capable  of  holding  about  3000  persons.  Obcrli 
has  also  a  machine-shop,  a  carriage-factory,  2  saw-mil!- 
planing-mill,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  437B. 

Obermdrlen,  o'bQr-mbu^l^n,  a  village  of  Uessc,  i 
Ober-llessen,  16  miles  S.  of  Gicssen.     Pop.  1830. 

Obernai,  a  town  of  Alsace.    See  Ehkreih. 

Obernberg,  o'b^m-bfiRG*,  a  town  of  Upper  Austriij 
on  the  Inn,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Ried.     Pop.  1755.  | 

Obernburg,  o'b?rn-b55RG\  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  t" 
Main,  35  miles  W.N.W.  of  Wurzburg.     Pop.  1708. 

Oberndorf,  o'b§rn-doRr,  a  town  of  WUrtcmbcrg. 
the  Neckar,  43  miles  S.W.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  2544. 

Oberneunkirchen,  Prussia.    See  Nel-.nkircuen.    j 

Obernik,  a  town  of  Poland.    See  Obornik. 

Obernkirchen,  o'b§rn-keenK\n,  a  town  of  Pru- 
9  miles  E.  of  Minden.     Pop.  2754. 

Obernzell,  a  village  of  Bavaria.    See  Hafnerzell 

Obcr-Oderwitz,  Saxony.    See  Oderwitz. 

Oberpahlcn,  o'b^r-piM^n,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Ur 
nia,  52  miles  E.N.E.  of  Pernau. 

Oberpfalz,  o'b^r-filts,  or  Upper  Pal'atinate  (F 
Haut-Palatinat,  o-piMiHoe'nS,'),  a  district  in  the  E.  < 
Bavaria,  bounded  E.  by  Bohemia.  Area,  3717  square  mile 
Capital,  Ratisbon.     Pop.  503,761. 

Oberrad,  o'b^r-nitS  a  village  of  Prussia,  near  Fran 
fort-on-the-Main.     Pop.  4609. 

Oberried,  o'b§r-Reet\  a  parish  of  Switzerland,  cant< 
of  St.  Gall,  4  miles  S.  of  Altstiitten.     Pop.  3916. 

Obcrrieden,  o'b^R-RceVl^n,  a  village  of  Switzerlan 
in  Zurich,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Lake  of  Zurich. 

Ober-Selters,  o'b?r-sfirt?rs,  a  village  of  German 
duchy  of  Nassau,  li  miles  S.  of  Nieder-Selters. 

Obersitzko,  o'b?r-sits'ko,  written  also  Obersitski 
Obersycko,  and   Oberzyko,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
miles  N.W.  of  Posen.     Pop.  1640. 

Oberstdorf,  o'b^rst-donr,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  t 
Iller,  29  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lindau.     Pop.  1749. 

Oberstein,o'b§r-stme\  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Oldc 
burg,  6  milos  E.N.E.  of  Birkenfeld.     Pop.  4327. 

Oberstenfeld,  o'b§r-st6n'f61t,  a  village  of  Wilrtci 
berg,  circle  of  Neckar,  S.E.  of  lleilbronn.     Pop.  115."!. 

Obertyn,  o-b§r-teen',  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia, 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Kolomea.     Pop.  4299. 

Ober-Ursel,  o'b§r-6or's9l,  a  town  of  Hesse-Nassau 
miles  N.W.  of  Frankfoit-on-the-Main.     Pop.  3702. 

Ober-Vatz,  o'b?r-vits,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  ca 
ton  of  Orisons,  near  the  Rhine,  11  miles  S.  of  Chur. 

Oberweil,  or  Oberwyl,  o'b?r-*ir,  several  places 
Switzerland,  particularly  a  village  and  parish,  canton  a 
20  miles  S.  of  Bern.     Pop.  1287. 

Ober\veissbach,o'b?r-*i3"biK,  a  village  of  Schwa 
burg-Rudolstadt,  near  Rudolstadt.     Pop.  1859. 

Obcrwesel,  o'b^r-^iV^l,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Pru.'? 
19  miles  S.S.E.  of  Coblentz,  on  the  Rhine.    Pop.  2580. 


OBE 


2043 


OCE 


I  Oberwiesenthal,  o'b^r-V^fee'z^n-t^r,  a  town  of  Sax- 
bny,  31  miles  S.E.  of  Zwickau.  Pop.  1980. 
j  Oberwinter,  o'b^r-^^in't^r,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
jda,  on  the  Rhine,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bonn.  Pop.  1300, 
1  Obenvinterthnr,  o^ber-*in't?r-toon\  a  village  of 
;witzerlun(l, canton  and  15  miles  N.E.  of  Zurich.  Pop.  2287. 
Ober-Zeyring,  Austria.    See  Zkvring. 

0  Bessenova>  o  bfish^shi'no'voh^  a  market-town  of 
iJungary,  co.  of  Torontal,  on  the  Arauka,  9  miles  S.W.  of 
laent-Miklos  (Nagy).     Pop.  7099. 

!  Obi,  Oby,  Obe,  o'bce,  or  Ob,  ob,  one  of  the  great 
Srors  of  Siberia,  governments  of  Tomsk  and  Tobolsk.  It 
'ises  by  two  principal  sources  in  the  Little  Altai,  near  lat. 
■1°  N.,  Ion.  89°  E.,  flows  tortuously  N.W.  to  Samarova,  and 
'icnce  generally  N.,  in  a  double  channel,  to  the  Gulf  of 
bi,  which  it  enters  near  lat.  67°  N.,  Ion.  72°  E.,  after  a 
•ital  course  of  2000  miles.  Tributaries,  the  Irtish,  with 
le  Tobol  and  Ishim,  the  Tom,  and  the  Choolim.  Its  basin 
i  situated  between  that  of  the  Yenisei  and  the  Ural  Moun- 
j,ins.    See  Gdlf  of  Obi. 

lobidos,  o-bee'doee,  a  fortified  town  of  Portugal,  Es- 
iemadura,  45  miles  N.  of  Lisbon.     Pop.  3185. 
lobidos,  o-bee'doce,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  ParS, 
I  the  Amazon.     Lon.  55°  18'  W.     Here  the  river  is  nar- 
Lred  in  the  Strait  of  Pau.xis  to  about  1  mile  across.     It 
M  some  trade  in  cotton  and  cacao.     Pop.  2000. 
p[)bie'8  (o'bcez)  River,  sometimes  written  O'bed's  or 
j'bey's,  of  the  N.  part  of  Tennessee,  rises  in   Fentress 
L  among  the  Cumberland  Mountains,  and,  flowing  north- 
Mward,  enters  Cumberland  River  at  Celina.     It  is  navi- 
[ble  by  steamboats  60  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  its  whole 
fjgth  is  probably  above  100  miles.     In  the  upper  part  of 
i  course  it  passes  through  a  deep  cut  in  the  mountain,  and 
(remarkable  for  beautiful  scenery. 
iObila,  the  ancient  name  of  AviLA. 
jO'bin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co.,  Ark.,  14  miles  from 
lyant  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

lObion,  o'be-pn,  a  county  of  West  Tennessee,  borders  on 
intucky.    Area,  about  530  square  miles.    It  is  intersected 

1  the  Obion  River,  and  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Reel  foot 
]ko.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is 
qcrcd  with  forests  of  beech,  ash,  cypress,  gum,  hickory, 
i:,  tulip-tree,  <fec.     The  soil  is  fertile.     Indian  corn,  cot- 

ii  wheat,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This 
nty  is  intersected  by  the  Mobile  &  Ohio,  Nashville,  Chat- 
30ga  &  St.  Louis,  Illinois  Central,  and  Newport  News 
Mississippi  Valley  Railroads.  Capital,  Troy.  Pop.  in 
0,  15,581;  in  1880,  22,912  ;  in  1890,  27,273. 
(bion,  a  post-village  of  Obion  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Pa- 
ih  (fc  Memphis  Railroad,  74  miles  S.S.W.  of  Paducah, 
Ij  as  a  lumber-mill.  Pop.  about  350. 
|)bion  River,  Tennessee,  is  formed  by  the  North, 
Sjth,  and  Rutherford  Forks,  which  unite  in  Obion  co.     It 

31  southwcstward  through  Dyer  co.,  and  enters  the  Mis- 
ppi  River  about  15  miles  W.  of  Dyersburg.  The  main 
ttfim,  below  the  junction  of  the  forks,  is  nearly  70  miles 
lei,  and  each  of  the  forks  is  about  as  long  as  the  Obion 
Jtff.  The  North  Fork  rises  in  Henry  co.,  and  runs  west- 
wU  through  Weakley  co.  The  South  Fork  drains  parts 
oiirroll  and  Weakley  cos.  The  other  fork  runs  northwest- 
w.l  through  Gibson  co. 

'bispo,o-bees'po,  a  small  river  of  the  Isthmus  of  Pa- 
nt i,  joins  the  Chagres  near  Cruccs. 

■bitoshnei,  or  Obitochnej.    See  Nogaisk. 

ibligado,  o-ble-gi'do,  a  village  of  the  Argentine  Re- 
Pt'c,  on  the  river  Parana,  near  Buenos  Ayres. 

l)liga'tion,  a  post-office  of  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md. 

lt)'long,  a  post-village  in  Oblong  township,  Crawford 
w  11.,  9  miles  W.  of  Robinson.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
flo/mill.    Pop.  of  township,  1885. 

!)ol,  o-bol',  a  river  of  Russia,  in  the  government  of 
Vijisk,  flows  S.AV.,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  75  miles, 
joij  the  Diina  12  miles  above  Polotzk. 

i>ookhov,  Oboukhov,  or  Obiichow,  o-boo-Kov', 
a  tjn  of  Russia,  25  miles  S.S.E.  of  Kiev.     Pop.  2000. 

.'■•ornik,o'b9r-nik\  Obernik,  o'b?r-nik',  or  Obor- 
"i;,o-bor-nee'kee,  a  town  of  Prussia,  18  miles  N.N.W.  of 
^0' ,  on  the  Warta.     Pop.  2396. 

'I'oyan,  Oboian,or  Obojan,  o-bo-y4n',  a  town  of 
^ui,  government  and  32  miles  S.  of  Koorsk,  at  the  oon- 
nu'te  of  the  Oboyanka  and  Psiol.  Pop.  6322.  It  was 
"outed  m  1050  as  a  bulwark  against  the  Crim  Tartars,  and 
Bi^iveral  churches,  schools,  and  charitable  institutions, 
wit'i  brisk  trade. 

<,ra,ob'ra,a  river  of  Prussian  Poland,  rises  near  Kos- 
mii  lows  W.  and  N.W.,  and  joins  the  Warta  a  little  W. 
w  -iwerin.    Length,  130  miles. 


Obr^illo,  or  Obraxillo,  o-Bri-neel'yo,  a  town  of 
Peru,  department  and  50  miles  N.E.  of  Lima.  It  consists 
of  about  100  cottages,  enclosed  by  gardens. 

O'Bri'en,  a  county  in  the  N.AV.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an 
area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Little  Sioux 
River,  which  flows  through  the  N.E.  and  S.E.  parts  of 
the  county.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  maize,  and  grass  are  the  staples. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St. 
Paul,  Chicago  &  Northwe^tern,  Illinois  Central,  and  Chi- 
cago, St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  &  Omaha  Railroads.  Capital, 
Primghar.  Pop.  in  187(1,  715;  in  1880,  4155;  in  1890,  ia,(l6U. 

O'llrien,  a  post-village  of  O'Brien  co.,  Iowa,  near  tho 
Little  Sioux,  about  66  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sioux  City. 

O'Brien  Islands,  South  Shetland,  South  Atlantic 
Ocean,  are  in  lat.  61°  32'  S.,  lon.  55°  22'  W. 

O'Brien's  Bridge,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Clare, 
on  the  Shannon,  4  miles  S.S.W.  of  Kilaloe. 

Obringa,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Aar. 

Obris,  supposed  ancient  name  of  the  Orb. 

Obrowitz,  o'bro-'^its^  a  village  of  Moravia,  one  of  the 
suburbs  of  Briinn.     Pop.  1050. 

Obscha,  ob'shi,  or  Mega,  mi'ga,  a  river  of  Russia, 
rises  in  Smolensk,  flows  W.,  and  joins  the  Dwina  20  miles 
above  Velizh.     Length,  SO  miles. 

Observatzii,  ob-sSr-vit'see,  a  cape  of  East  Asia,  Gulf 
of  Anadecr.     Lat.  04°  47'  58"  N.;  lon.  177°  39'  55'  E. 

Obuchow,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Obookhov. 

Obnico,  the  ancient  name  of  Porcuna. 

Obva,  Obwa,  ob'vil,  or  Obvinsk,  ob-vinsk',  a  town 
of  Russia,  government  and  57  miles  N.W.  of  Perm,  on  the 
Obva,  an  affluent  of  the  Kama.     Pop.  6212. 

Oby,  a  river  of  Siberia.    See  Obi. 

Oby,  o'bee,  written  also  Ubi,  a  small  island  in  the  Gult 
of  Siam,  15  miles  S,  of  Cambodia  Point.  Lat.  8°  25'  N.; 
lon.  104°  64'  E. 

Oby,  sometimes  called  False  Oby,  an  island  in  the 
Gulf  of  Siam,  48  miles  N.  of  the  above,  lat.  8°  56'  N.,  lon. 
104°  38'  E.,  about  18  miles  from  the  mainland. 

Oby,  Great  and  Little,  two  islands  of  Pitt's  Passage, 
Malay  Archipelago.     Lat.  1°  26'  S.;  lon.  127°  17'  E. 

Ocala,  o-kS,'li,  a  city  and  railroad  centre,  the  capital 
of  Marion  co.,  Fla.,  130  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  .lackson- 
ville,  and  60  miles  S.W.  of  Palatka.  It  has  graded  schools, 
6  newspaper  offices,  several  churches,  and  numerous  busi- 
ness establishments.     Pop.  in  1890,  2904. 

Ocafia,  o-kin'yi,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  30 
miles  E.  of  Toledo.  Lat.  39°  66'  N. ;  lon.  3°  31'  W.  Pop. 
5500.  It  is  enclosed  by  ruined  walls.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  hospital,  barracks,  and  a  Roman  aqueduct. 

Ocana,  o-kin'yi,  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Colombia, 
department  of  Magdalena,  60  miles  N.W.  of  Pamplona. 
It  has  a  copper-mine.     Pop.  5000. 

Ocate,  o-ki'ti,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mora  co..  New  Mex- 
ico, 100  miles  S.  of  El  Moro,  Col.     It  has  a  church. 

Occhiobello,  ok'ke-o-b5l'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  13  miles 
S.AV.  of  Rovigo,  on  the  Po.     Pop.  4183. 

Oc^cident'al,  a  post-office  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal. 

Occimano,  ot-che-mi'no,  or  Occimiano,  ot-cho- 
me-i'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  12  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Alessandria,  near  the  Grana.     Pop.  2315. 

Oc^conee'chee,  a  township  of  Northampton  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  1944. 

Occoquan,  ok'ko-kwin,  a  post-village  of  Prince  AVil- 
liam  CO.,  Va.,  on  the  Occoquan  River,  6  miles  from  itff 
mouth,  about  95  miles  N.  of  Richmond.  Small  vessels 
ascend  to  this  place.  It  has  water-power  and  a  flouring- 
mill,  also  a  church. 

Occoquan  River,  Virginia,  is  formed  by  Broad  Run 
and  Cedar  Run,  which  rise  in  Fauquier  co.  and  unite  in 
Prince  William  co.,  near  Brentsville.  It  runs  nearly  east- 
ward, and  enters  the  Potomac  River  on  the  S.  border  of 
Fairfax  co. 

Occupacia,  ok'ku-pa'she-.a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Essex 
CO.,  Va.,  27  miles  from  Milford  Station.  It  has  a  grist-mill 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Ocean,  o'shun,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  New  Jer- 
sey, is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  Area, 
578  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Toms  River  and  Cedar 
Creek.  A  long  Ingoon,  called  Barnegat  Bay,  extends  along 
the  eastern  border  and  is  separated  from  the  ocean  by  a 
narrow  sand-bank.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests  of  pine.  The  soil  is  partly 
sandy.  Indian  corn,  potatoes,  lumber,  and  cranberries  are 
the  staple  products.  Marl  is  found  here.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  and  the  Tuckerton  Railroad.   Capi- 


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tul,  Toms  Uiver.  Top.  in  1370,  13,628;  in  18S0,  14,455; 
in  1S»0,  15,a74. 

Ocean,  or  Ocean  Itline8«  a  post-riHage  of  AUoghany 
00.,  Md.,  at  Ocean  Station  on  the  Cumberland  A  Piedmont 
Railroad,  12  milea  N.E.  of  Piedmont.  Coal  is  mined  here. 
Ttio  name  of  its  post-oflico  is  Ocean. 

Ocean,  a  townslup  of  Monmouth  oo.,  N.J.     Pop.  C1S9. 

Ocean,  or  Cur6,  koo-r&',  an  island  of  the  Pacific. 
Lnt.  28*'  37'  N.;  Ion.  178°  23'  30"  E. 

Ocean,  a  group  of  three  isleta,  sometimes  called  the 
Catherine  Islands.     Lat.  9°  14'  N.;  Ion.  167°  2'  E. 

Oceana,  o^sho-ah'n^  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  AKchi- 
gan,  has  an  area  of  about  550  square  miles.  It  is  l>oundod 
on  the  W.  by  Lake  Michigan,  and  partly  drained  by  White 
Kiver.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  a 
large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  sugar-maplo, 
and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Lumber  is  the  chief 
article  of  export.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  potatoes,  and  oata 
are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago 
&  West  Michigan  Railroad  and  the  Mason  A,  Oceana  Rail- 
road, the  former  of  which  connects  with  Hart,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  7222;  in  1880,  11,609;  in  1890,  15,698. 

Oceana,  a  township  of  Muskegon  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  910. 

Oceana,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wyoming  co.,  W.  Va., 
about  56  miles  b.  of  Charleston.    It  has  a  church. 

Oc^an- Austral,  a  French  name  for  Pacific  Ocean. 

Ocean  Beach,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of 
Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  in  Wall  township,  on  the  S.  bank  of 
Shark  River,  and  on  the  Now  York  &  Long  Branch  Rail- 
road, 2  miles  S.  of  Ocean  Grove,  8  miles  S.  of  Long  Branch, 
and  about  i  mile  from  the  ocean.  It  has  a  church,  6  large 
boarding-houses,  and  about  100  cottages  and  residences. 
The  river  is  here  nearly  2  miles  wide,  and  aObrds  good 
facilities  for  boating,  bathing,  and  fishing.  Here  is  also  a 
good  beach  for  sea-bathing. 

Ocean  City,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the  Wicomico  <t  Pocomoko  Kail- 
road,  7  miles  E.  of  Berlin. 

Ocean  Grove,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of 
Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  in  Ocean  township,  on  the  Now  York 
A  Long  Branch  division  of  the  Central  llailroad,  and  on  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  6  or  7  miles  S.  of  Long  Branch,  and  36 
miles  S.  of  New  York  City.  It  is  separated  from  Asbury 
Park  by  a  lake  about  300  feet  wide.  Here  is  a  good  bath- 
ing-ground, with  numerous  cottages  and  boarding-houses. 
The  place  is  frequented  chiefly  by  the  Methodist  denomi- 
nation, who  hold  camp-meetings  here,  many  of  them  living 
in  tents  during  the  season.     Pop.  in  1890,  2754. 

Ocean  House,  or  Pine  Point,  a  station  in  Revere, 
Suffolk  CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston,  llevere  Beach  &  Lynn 
Kailroad,  6  miles  N.E.  from  Boston,  and  on  the  seaside. 

Oceania,  o-she-ah'ne-a,  or  Oceanica,o-she-an'e-k^ 
(Fr.  OcSanie,  o^si'i^nce'),  a  name  given  by  modern  geogra- 
phers to  a  fifth  division  of  the  globe,  comprising  West 
Oceania,  or  Malaisia  (see  Malay  Archipelago),  Central 
Oceania,  or  Australasia,  or  Melanesia  (see  Australasia),  and 
East  Oceania,  or  Polynesia  (sec  Polynesia  and  Micuo.nesia). 

Oceanic,  o-she-an'Ik,  a  post-village  in  Shrewsbury 
township,  Monmouth  co.,  N.J. ,  on  an  inlet  of  the  sea  called 
Shrewsbury  River,  about  25  miles  S.  of  New  York,  and  2 
miles  from  the  New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  canning-factory,  and  2  summer  hotels. 

Ocean  Island,  Pacific  Ocean.     See  Paa.vopa. 

Ocean  Point,  a  station  in  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Long  Island  Railroad,  near  the  sea-coast,  20  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Brooklyn. 

Oceanport,  o'shun-port,  a  post-village  in  Eatontown 
township,  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  on  South  Shrewsbury  Kiver, 
and  on  the  New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad,  about  27  miles  S. 
of  New  York,  and  3  miles  W.N.W.  of  Long  Branch.  It 
has  a  church.     Pop,  about  400. 

Ocean  Springs,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of 
Jackson  co.,  Miss.,  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  or  Bay  of  Biloxi, 
and  on  the  New  Orleans  &  Mobile  Railroad,  56  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Mobile,  84  miles  from  New  Orleans,  and  4  miles  E.  of 
Biloxi.     It  has  mineral  springs  and  4  churches.     Pop.  349. 

Oceanns,  o-co'.an-fls,  a  post-village  and  watering- 
place  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  sea-coast,  also  on  Jamaica 
Bay,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Southern  Railroad,  about  10 
miles  direct  from  Brooklyn.     It  has  a  steamboat-landing. 

Ocean  View,  a  post-village  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  near 
the  ocean,  and  10  miles  E.  of  Frankford  Station.  It  has  2 
churches  and  about  24  houaes. 

Ocean  View,  a  post-office  of  Cape  May  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  sea-coast,  2  miles  from  Seaville  Railroad  Station. 

Ocean  View,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  R.I. 

Oceauville,  o'shun-ril,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  oo., 


Me.,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Deer  Isle,  25  miles  E.N.E.  pf  Rook 

land.     It  has  a  church, 

Oceanville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Atlnntio  oo,,  NJ,  1 
Galloway  township,  3i  miles  N.E,  of  Abi-eeon.  It  has  aer 
oral  stores  and  a  grist-mill. 

Oculluduruin,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Zahorj 

Occlluiii  Uurii,  Spain.    See  Feumohelli!. 

OVeo'ln,  or  Os^ceo'la,  a  post-hauilet  of  St.  Joscp 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  St.  Joseph  River,  10  miles  E.  of  Soul 
Bend,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad.  It  has  a  churi 
and  a  grist-mill. 

Occola,  or  Osceola,  a  post-hamlet  of  Green  oo.,  Kr 
about  22  miles  N.E.  of  Olivsgow.     Pop.  89. 

Occola,  a  township  of  Livingston  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  101! 

Oceola,  a  post- village  of  Crawford  co.,  0.,  in  Tod 
township,  on  Broken  Sword  Creek,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Ncvod 
Station,  and  about  8  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Bucyrus.  It  bos 
churches,  a  high  school,  a  grist-mill,  Ao. 

Oceola,  Fond  du  Lac  co.,  Wisconsin.    See  Osceola. 

Oceola  Centre,  a  post-ofnoe  of  Livingston  co.,  Jlioh 
5  miles  N.E.  of  Howell. 

Ocha,  a  river  of  Siberia.    See  OsnA. 

Ocha,  the  ancient  name  of  Mount  St.  Elias  (Greece] 

Ochngavia,  o-cha-gl'vo-4,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Ni 
varre,  32  miles  E.N.E.  of  Pamplona.     Pop.  1354. 

Ochakov,  Otchakov,  Oczakow,  or  Otschakon 
otch-fl'kor,  written  also  Otvhakof  and  Otshakov  (an 
Axincaf),  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Kherson,  o 
the  right  bank  of  the  Dnieper,  at  its  mouth  in  the  Blac 
Sea,  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Odessa.  It  was  taken  by  the  Russiai 
from  the  Turks  in  1737,  and  a^ain  in  1788.     Pop.  5227. 

Ochandiano,  o-cli&n-de-&'no,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Bi 
cay,  S.W.  of  Bilbao.     Pop.  1518. 

Ochansk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Okhansk. 

Ocheltree,  o'k^l-troe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  0( 
Kansas,  on  the  Missouri  River,  Fort  Scott  it  Gulf  Railroa 
7  miles  S.  of  Olathe. 

Oche'sce,  a  post-office  and  landing  of  Jackson  oo.,  Fit 
on  the  Appalachicola  River,  8  miles  below  Chattaboocbec 

Ocheydan,  or  Ocheyedan,  o-chce'dun,  a  poat-tut? 
ship  of  Osceola  co.,  Iowa,  10  miles  from  Sibley.     Pop.  17 

Ochii  (o'kII)  Hills,  a  range  of  mountains  of  Scullan 
CO.  of  Perth,  commencing  about  2  miles  from  the  riv 
Forth,  near  Stirling,  and  extending  N.N.E.  to  the  Firth  « 
Tay.  Length,  about  24  miles ;  average  bnmdth,  about  ' 
miles.  The  highest  summit,  Bcncleugh,  2300  feet  in  bcigl 
is  at  the  S.W.  end.  The  Oohils  are  formed  of  grecnstoi 
and  basalt,  and  intersect  the  coal  formations  on  the  S.  ai 
the  old  red  sandstone  on  the  N.E.  They  contain  »ilv< 
copper,  and  iron  ores. 

Ochiltree,  SK'jl-tree,  a  county  of  the  Panhandle 
Texas,  hounded  N.  by  Indian  Territory,  and  traversed  I 
the  North  Fork  of  Canadian  River.  Area,  000  squa 
miles.     Capital,  Ochiltree.     Pop.  in  1890,  108. 

Ochlochnee,  ok-16k'nee,  a  post-village  of  Thomas  « 
Ga.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Atlantic  &  Gulf  Railroad,  47  mil 
S.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  lui 
ber  and  naval  stores. 

Ochotsk,  a  town  and  sea  of  Siberia.    See  Okhotsk. 

Ochre  (o'k?r)  Pit  Cove,  a  fishing  village  of  Ne' 
foundland,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Conception  Bay,  18  mil 
from  Carbonear.     Pop.  350. 

Ochrida,  oK'ro-di  (anc.  Lt/chnidns),  a  town  of  Eur 
pean  Turkey,  in  Albania,  on  the  N.  bank  of  Lake  Ochric 
100  miles  N.  of  Yanina.  Pop.  1000.  It  is  a  Greek  bisbo] 
see.    See  Lake  of  Ochrida. 

Ochsendorf,  oK's^n-doRf,  or  Boitza,  boit'sl,  a  v 
lage  of  Tnansylvania,  on  the  frontier  of  Roumania.   P.  16( 

Ochsenfurt,  oK'sfjn-foSnt^  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  t 
Main,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Wurzburg.     Pop-  2443. 

Ochsenhausen,  oK's^n-how'zcjn,  a  village  of  wu 
temberg,  on  the  Rottum,  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Biberach.  P< 
1854;  with  Schloss-Ochsenhausen,  2819. 

Ochsenwardcr,  oK's^n-Aiii'dgr,  a  free  town,  S.t. 
Hamburg,  on  a  marshy  island  of  the  Elbe.     Pop.  234o. 

Ochta,  a  market-town  of  Russia.    Sec  Okhta. 

Ochtahat'chec,  a  post-ofiice  of  Hamilton  co.,  Ha. 

Ochtrup,  oK'troop,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Wcftpbui 
25  miles  N.W.  of  Munster,  on  the  Vecht.     Pop.  3W(. 

Ocilla,  a  river  of  Florida.    See  Aucilla. 

OcilMa,  a  post-office  of  Irwin  co.,  Oa. 

Ock,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Berks,  after  an  E.  cou; 
of  20  miles  joins  the  Thames  near  Abingdon. 

Ock'brook,  a  village  of  England,  co.  and  5  miles 
by  E.  of  Derby,  on  the  Midland  Railway,  and  on  the  uer 
Canal.  Pop.  1633.  Adjoining  the  village  is  a  Morav 
settlement. 


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Ocker,  ok'k^r,  or  Oker,  o'k?r,  a  river  of  Germany, 
rises  in  the  Iliirz,  flows  N.  past  Brunswick,  and  joins  the 
Alier  10  miles  W.  of  Gifhorn.     Length,  60  miles.     On  it  is 
ilhe  village  of  Ocker,  4  miles  N.AV.  of  Ilarzburg. 
'    OckMawa'ha,  a  river  of  Florida,  rises   in   or  near 
i?uinter  co.,  passes  through  Lakes  Harris  and  Griffin,  runs 
lorthward  through  Marion  co.,  and  enters  the  St.  John's 
iiUver  at  Welaka,  25  miles   above   Palatka.     Steamboats 
liBcend  this  river  to  Leesburg,  170  miles  from  its  mouth. 
j  OckMock'onnee,  or    OckMock'ony,  a  river  of 
Jeorgia  and  Florida,  rises  in  Irwin  co.  of  tlie  former  state, 
I  nd,  passing  through  Florida,  flows  into  Appalacheo  Bay 
letwcen  Leon  and  Gadsden  cos. 
Ockolock'oiiee,  a  post-office  of  Wakulla  co.,  Fla. 
Oclasecr,  a  town  of  India.    See  Ankleswau. 
Oclaii  (ok'law)  Creek,  of  Georgia,  enters  the  Ocmul- 
ee  in  Pulaski  co. 

Ocmulgee  (ok-mai'ghce)  River,  Georgia,  is  formed 
V  three  small  branches,  the  Ulcofauhatehee,  South,  and 
ellow  Rivers,  which  unite  near  the  S.  extremity  of  New- 
in  CO.  It  runs  in  a  S.S.E.  direction,  and  passes  by  the 
jty  of  Macon.  Below  this  place  it  forms  the  boundary 
fitwecn  the  counties  of  Houston,  AVilcox,  and  Coffee  on 
(le  right,  and  Twiggs,  Dodge,  and  Telfair  on  the  other 
■  de.  It  unites  with  the  Oconee  to  form  the  Altamaha 
ivor.  Its  length  is  estimated  at  2S0  miles.  Small  vessels 
in  ascend  it  to  Macon. 

I  Oco'ee,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  Tenn.,  on  or  near  the 
30ce  River. 

'Ocoee  (or  Toco'a)  River  rises  in  Fannin  co.,  Ga., 
j:ns  northwestward  through   Polk  co.,  Tenn.,  and  enters 
U  Hiawassee  River  about  3  miles  N.  of  Benton. 
[tOcona,  o-ko'ni,  a  town  of  Peru,  department  and  90 
pies  W.  of  Arequipa,  on  the  Pacific. 
lOco'na  Luf'ty,  a  post-office  of  Swain  co.,  N.C. 
lOco'nee,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Georgia,  is  bounded 
I  the  E.  by  the  Oconee  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Ap- 
llaohee.    The  surface  is  hilly.    The  soil  produces  cotton 
|d  Indian  corn.     Area,  168  square  miles.     Capital,  Wat- 
MTille.    Pop.  in  1880,  6351;  in  1890,  7713. 
lOconee,  the  most  northwestern  county  of  South  Caro- 
fa,  borders  on  Georgia.     Area,  about  620  square  miles, 
lis  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Kiowee  River,  on  the  N.W. 
*  the  Chattooga,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Tugaloo.     The 
part  of  this  county  is  adjacent  to  the  Blue  Ridge.     The 
face  is  partly  mountainous,  and  is  mostly  covered  with 
(ests.    Indian  corn,  cotton,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ia.    This  county  is  intersected  by  two  branches  of  the 
|:hiDond  &  Danville  Railroad.     Capital,  Walhalla.     Pop. 
U870,  10,536;  in  1880,  16,256;  in  1890,  18,687. 
')conee,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
(  tral  Railroad  of  Georgia,  46  miles  E.  of  Macon.   It  has 
I  lurch. 
)conee,  a  post-village  in  Oconee  township,  Shelby  co., 
J;  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  40  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
1  atur,  and  22  miles  N.  of  Vandalia.     It  has  2  churches, 
sjraded  school,  and  a  money-order  post-office.     Pop.  of 
t  township,  1558;  of  the  village,  about  350. 
j»co'iiee  River,  Georgia,  a  branch  of  the  Altamaha, 
ri  in  Ilall  co.,  in  the  N.E.  part  of  the  state,  and  runs 
nf-ly  southward,  with  a  small  deviation  to  the  E.     It  in- 
t'jeets  Clarke,  Greene,  Baldwin,   and  Laurens  cos.,  and 
Uies  with  the  Ocmulgee  River  on  the  S.  border  of  Mont- 
gcry  CO.     It  is  nearly  280  miles  long. 
'  conom'owoc,  a  small  river  of  AVisoonsin,  is  the  outlet 
Ojjvcral  lakes  which  lie  in  Waukesha  eo.    It  enters  Hock 
Sjir  in  Jefferson  co.,  about  7  miles  S.E.  of  Watertown. 
T:  ie  lakes  are  named  Kauchee,  Oconomowoc,  Ac. 

iconomowoc,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of 
AVkesha  co..  Wis.,  on  Oconomowoc  Creek  (which  here 
»8|;3  from  Lake  Labelle),  and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
Ai.  Paul  Railroiid,  31  miles  W.  of  Milwaukee.  It  is  on 
tU  3.  boundary  of  Oconomowoc  township.  It  contains  7 
ct  3hcs,  a  bank,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  seminary  for  ladies, 
Mil  foundry.  It  is  surrounded  by  numerous  lakes.  Pop. 
-;.  The  township  contains  villages  named  Mapleton 
i«, Monterey,  and  an  additional  pop.  of  l.'lSfi. 

iCon'to,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Wisconsin,  bor- 
de  on  the  upper  peninsula  of  Michigan.  Area,  1127 
sqlre  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  Green  Bay 
(oj-ake  Michigan),  and  is  drained  by  the  Oconto  River. 
Tl  surface  is  ujostly  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the 
I'M  maple,  beech,  and  birch  abound.  Pine  lumber  is  the 
*^  article  of  export.  Wheat,  oats,  and  potatoes  are  the 
8^;}  products  of  the  soil.  Capital,  Oconto.  Pop.  in  1870, 
W:;  in  1880,  9848;  in  1890,  15,009. 

sonto,  a  post-office  of  Custer  co,,  Neb.,  on  the  Kear- 


ney <fc  Black  Hills  Railroad,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Broken 
Bow,  which  is  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Ocoiito,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Oconto  co.,  Wis.,  in  a 
township  of  the  same  name,  is  on  the  W.  shore  of  Green 
Bay,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Oconto  River,  28  miles  N.  by  E. 
of  the  city  of  Green  Bay,  and  22  miles  S.W.  of  Menominee, 
Mich.  It  is  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  7  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
bank,  and  several  large  steam  saw-mills.  Pine  lumber  is 
the  chief  article  of  export.  Pop.  in  1880,  4171;  in  1890, 
6219. 

Oconto  Falls,  a  post-office  of  Oconto  co.,  AVis.,  on  th» 
Oconto  River,  16  miles  W.  of  Oconto. 

Oconto  River,  Wisconsin,  ri.ses  in  Oconto  co..  and 
runs  southward  in  the  E.  part  of  Shawano  co.  It  finally 
runs  eastward,  and  enters  Green  Bay  at  Oconto.  It  is  nearly 
130  miles  long,  and  traverses  extensive  pine  forests. 

Ocopa,  o-ko'pi,  a  town  of  Peru,  department  and  43 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Iluancavelica. 

Ocopil'co  Creek,  Georgia,  rises  in  Colquitt  co.,  runs 
southeastward  through  Brooks  co.,  and  enters  the  Withla- 
cooohee  River  about  10  miles  S.E.  of  Quitman. 

Ocosingo,  o-ko-sing'go,  a  ruined  city  of  Mexico,  statu 
of  Chiapas,  65  miles  S.E.  of  Ciudad  Real. 

Ocoy'a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co..  111.,  on  the 
Chicago  A  Alton  Railroad,  5i  miles  S.W.  of  Pontiac.  It 
has  a  church. 

Ocracoke,  o'kra-kSk,  a  post-office  of  Hyde  eo.,  N.C, 
in  Ocracoke  township,  on  a  narrow  island  between  Pamlico 
Sound  and  the  ocean,  about  65  miles  E.  of  Newbern.  Pop, 
of  the  township,  466. 

Ocracoke  Inlet,  in  Hyde  and  Carteret  cos.,  N.C.  (lat. 
35°  6'  28"  N.,  Ion.  76°  58'  61"  W.),  is  a  passage  used  by 
small  vessels  in  entering  Pamlico  Sound  from  the  Atlantic. 
It  is  25  miles  S.AV.  of  Cape  Ilatteras,  and  has  on  either 
hand  dangerous  sand-islands.  There  is  a  brick  light-house 
on  the  N.E.  side,  65  feet  high. 

Ocriculiim,  a  village  of  Italy.    See  Otricoli. 

Oc'tagon,  a  post-office  of  Marengo  eo.,  Ala. 

Octagon,  a  post-office  of  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind.,  about 
10  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Lafayette.     Hero  is  a  church. 

Octeville,  okH?h-vecl',  a  village  of  France,  in  Manche, 
1  mile  S.AV.  of  Cherbourg.     Pop.  1385. 

Octeville,  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine-Inf6rieure,  6 
miles  N.  of  Havre.     Pop.  of  commune,  2161. 

Octodurus,  Switzerland.    See  Martigny  hi.  Ville, 

Octogesa,  the  ancient  name  of  Mequisenza, 

Octora'ra,  or  Octora'ro,  a  post-village  in  Colerain 
township,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  on  Octorar.a  Creek,  about  50 
miles  AV.  by  S.  of  Philadelphia.     It  has  2  churches. 

Octorara  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  forms  part  of  the 
boundary  between  the  cos.  of  Chester  and  Lancaster,  runs 
southwcstward  into  Maryland,  and  enters  the  Susquehanna 
River  in  Cecil  co. 

Octoraro,  a  station  in  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Columbia 
A  Port  Deposit  Railroad,  3  miles  N.AV.  of  Port  Deposit. 

Ocumare,  o-koo-mi'rA,  a  port  and  small  bay  of  Vene- 
zuela, state  of  Carabobo,  on  the  Caribbean  Sea,  off  which  is 
the  islet  called  Ocumare,  30  miles  E.  of  Puerto  Cabello. 

Ocumare,  or  Ocumare  del  Tuy,  o-koo-mi'ri  del 
too'ee,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  state  of  Bolivar,  40  miles  S.S.E, 
of  Caraccas.     Pop.  7493. 

Oczakow,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Ochakot. 

Odahr,  o-dih'r',  or  Odarlia,  o-dan'hl,  a  town  of  In- 
dia, in  Oudc,  80  miles  N.  of  Lucknow.     Pop.  3000. 

Oda'nah,  a  post-office  and  Indian  village  of  Ashland 
CO.,  AVis.,  near  Lake  Superior,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Ashland. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  an  industrial  boarding-school  for 
Indian  children. 

Odawara,  o-di-wd'rl,  Odowara,  o-do-wl'rd,  or 
Wodawara,  wo-di-wi'ri,  a  bay  of  Japan,  island  of 
Hondo,  forming  the  entrance  by  which  the  city  of  Tokio 
is  reached.     It  lies  in  lat.  35°  16'  N.  and  Ion.  139°  6'  E. 

Odawara,  or  Odowara,  a  town  of  Japan,  on  the  E. 
coast  of  the  island  of  Hondo,  40  miles  S.AV.  of  Tokio. 
Pop.  20,000. 

OddaIengO,od-di-15n'go,GnANDE,grin'di  ("Great"), 
and  Piccolo,  pik'ko-lo  ("  Little"),  tAvo  contiguous  villages 
of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  province  of  Alessandria,  and  AV.  of 
Casale.     United  pop.  2120. 

Odd  Fellows*  Hal  I ,  a  post-hamlet  of  Giles  co.,  Tenn., 
9  miles  N.  of  Pulaski.     It  has  an  Odd-Fellows'  hall. 

Odd'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  eo.,  Ky.,  6  miles 
N.E.  of  Cynthiana.     It  has  a  church. 

O'debolt,  a  post-village  of  Sac  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Maple 
River  Railroad,  13  miles  E.  of  Ida  Grove. 

O^dell',  a  post-village  in  Odell  township,  Livingston 


ODE 


2046 


ODE 


•0.,  III.,  on  the  Chicago  A  Alton  Railroad,  82  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Chioago,  and  U  miles  N.U.  of  Tontitvo.  It  has  a  bank, 
i  ohurobes,  and  a  money-order  poet-ofiSce.  Pop.  in  1890, 
800;  of  the  township,  165S. 

Odellf  a  post-ofBoe  of  Tippecanoe  oo.,  Ind. 

Odell«  a  post-office  of  Uivrper  oo.,  Kansas. 

Odelli  a  |>o8t-hamlot  of  Guernsey  co.,  0.,  6  miles  E.  of 
Kimbolton  Station,  which  is  11  miles  N.  of  Cambridge. 

Odell,  a  post-ofBoe  of  AVashington  oo.,  Pa. 

Odcrucs,  a  town  of  Asia.    See  Deuish. 

Odcinira,  o-di-mee'ri,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Alem- 
t<y'o,  53  miles  S.W.  of  Beja,  on  the  Odemiro,  thence  navi- 
gable to  the  sea.  Pop.  2969.  The  Odomira  River  rises  in 
the  Serra  de  Moncbique,  and,  after  a  \V.  course  of  25 
miles,  falls  into  the  Atlantic  5  miles  below  Villanova. 

Odeiibacht  o'd$n-bJlK\  a  village  of  Bavaria,  in  the 
Palatinate,  circle  of  Lautereoken.     Pop.  1051. 

Odcuheini,  o'd(;n-hime\  a  village  of  Baden,  21  milos 
N.E.  of  Carlsruhe.     Pop.  2196. 

Odenkirchou*  o'd^n-kgifRK'^n,  a  town  of  Rhonish 
Prussia,  17  miles  W.S.W.  of  Dusseldorf,  on  the  Niers.  Pop. 
7S50.  It  has  extensive  manufactures  of  cotton,  linen  and 
silk  fabrics,  leather,  and  paper. 

Odense,  o'«l?n-s?h  (Danish,  Odins-'de,  i.e.,  "  Odin's 
island;"  L.  Othen'tia),  a,  town  and  seaport  of  Denmark, 
capital  of  the  island  of  Funen,  on  the  Odense-Aa,  near  the 
£ord  of  the  same  name.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop,  and  the 
residence  of  the  authorities  on  the  island.  It  has  a  small 
royal  palace,  a  large  Gothic  cathedral  founded  in  10S6,  2 
other  churches,  a  fine  old  council  house  or  state  hall,  a  large 
and  richly-endowed  hospital,  an  arsenal  and  barracks, 
important  manufactures  of  cloth,  an  extensive  iron-foundry, 
and  a  considerable  trade.     Pup.  16,970. 

O'dense,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allen  oo.,  Kansas,  10  miles 
S.E.  of  Humboldt.     It  has  2  churches. 

Odcnse-Fiord)  o'd^n-s^h-fe-oRd^,  on  the  N.  coast  of 
the  island  of  Funen,  has  a  length  of  about  9  miles,  with  a 
breadth  varying  from  IJ  to  nearly  5  miles. 

Odeusholnij  o'd^ns-holm^,  an  islet  at  the  entrance  of 
the  Gulf  of  Finland,  28  miles  S.W.  of  Revel,  with  a  light- 
house in  lat.  59°  18'  45"  N.,  Ion.  23°  25'  25"  E. 

O'deutoU)  a  post-hamlet  of  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Baltimore  &  Potomac  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with 
the  Annapolis  &  Elk  Ridge  Railroad,  19  milos  S.S.W.  of 
Baltimore. 

O'denville^  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Ala.,  about 
33  miles  N.E.  of  Birmingham.  It  has  2  churches.  Coal 
and  iron  ore  abound  here. 

Odenwald)  o'd^n-^^lt',  a  mountain-region  of  Ger- 
many, in  Hesse,  between  the  NecUar  and  Main  Rivers.  On 
it  are  many  remains  of  Roman  forts.  The  Beiigstrassb  (i.e., 
"  mountain-road"),  on  which  are  the  towns  of  Langen, 
Parmstodt,  and  Benshoim,  borders  it  on  the  W. 

O'denweld,  or  O'denwelder's,  a  village  of  North- 
.ampton  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  1 
mile  W.  of  Easton. 

Oder,  o'd^r  (anc.  Via'dme),  a  large  river  of  Germany, 
rises  in  the  Carpathian  Mountains,  near  Ohnutz,  flows  N., 
and  afterwards  N.W.,  through  Prussian  Silesia,  Branden- 
burg, and  Pomerania,  traverses  the  Stettiner-IIaff,  and 
enters  the  Baltic  by  3  branches,  the  Dievenow  on  the  E., 
the  Swine  in  the  middle,  and  the  Peene  on  the  W.  Length, 
about  550  miles.  It  is  of  great  commercial  importance, 
and  is  navigable  for  barges  of  from  40  to  50  tons  from  the 
Baltic  to  Breslau.  Principal  tributaries,  the  Warta,  with 
the  Nctze,  Bober,  Neisse,  and  Ibna. 

Oder,  a  river  of  Hanover,  rises  in  the  Ilarz,  flows  E., 
and  joins  the  Leine  near  Nordheim.     Length,  30  miles. 

Oderau,  o'd^r-Sw^  or  Odrau,  o'drow,  a  town  of  Aus- 
trian Silesia,  19  miles  S.S.W.  of  Troppau,  on  the  Oder.  It 
has  manufactures  of  linen  and  woollen  fabrics.     Pop.  4221. 

Oderberg,  o'd^r-bfinc^  a  town  of  Austrian  Silesia,  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Teschen,  on  the  Oder.     Pop.  1333. 

Oderberg,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg,  54  miles 
N.E.  of  Potsdam,  on  the  Oder.     Pop.  3929. 

Oderin,  oM?h-r4N»',  a  small  island  oS"  the  W.  coast  of 
Placentia  Bay,  Newfoundland.  It  is  settled  by  fishermen. 
Pop.  387. 

Odernheim,  o'd§nn-hIrae%  a  village  of  Rhenish  Ba- 
varia, on  the  Glan,  22  miles  N.  of  Kaiserslautern.     P.  1333. 

Odernheim,  or  Gau«Odernheiin,  gow-o'd^Rn- 
liTme,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Hesse,  on  the  Selz,  4  miles 
N.E.  of  Alzey. 

OderAvitz,  o'd^r-'^itz',  a  town  of  Saxony,  6  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  ZitUu.  Pop.  of  Nieder-Oderwitz,  2719;  of 
the  adjacent  Mittel-Oderwitz,  895.  Not  far  away  is  the 
Tillage  of  Ober-Oderwitz.     Pop.  3713. 


Oderzo,  o-dflut'so  (anc.  Oniter'</ium),  a  town  of  Italy 
15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Treviso.  Pop.  6434,  who  auinufucture 
hats  and  liqueurs  and  trade  in  wine. 

Odes'sa,  a  city  and  seaijort  of  Russia,  government  of 
Kherson,  on  a  fine  bay  formed  on  the  N.W.  »lioro  of  the 
Black  Sea,  between  the  mouths  of  the  Dnieper  and  Dnies- 
ter, about  90  miles  W.S.W.  of  Kherson,  and  390  milos  N 
of  Constantinople.  Lat.  46°  28'  54"  N. ;  Ion.  30°  44'  80'' 
E.  The  various  quarters  of  this  great  city  cover  a  portion 
of  a  broad  plateau,  which  at  this  point,  rising  nearly  per- 
pendicularly from  the  sea  to  the  Leiglit  of  about  80  lect, 
spreads  out  into  immense  stojjpes.  Although  the  latitude 
under  which  it  is  situated  is  genernlly  teiii|iorute,  the  win- 
ter is  rigorous,  while  in  summer  the  heal  is  intense. 

Odessa  is  strongly  fortified.  It  is  laid  out  in  squares, 
with  broad,  straight  streets,  well  ])avcd,  ami  jilanlod  witli 
rows  of  acacia-trccs.  The  houses  are  substuiitially  built 
of  a  soft  calcareous  stone.  A  long  and  majestic  torruce 
overlooking  the  bay  is  lined  with  jmblio  ediliccs,  holclii, 
and  stately  mansions.  On  the  summit  of  the  clifi',  through, 
out  its  whole  extent,  is  planted  an  avenue  of  trees,  with 
their  branches  arching  together. 

The  more  crowded  portion  of  the  city  is  that  adjoining 
Richelieu  street,  the  finest  and  most  populous  in  Odessa. 
In  numerous  shops  along  this  street  are  spread  out  for  tale 
the  varied  products  of  every  country  in  Europe.  Among 
the  edifices  most  deserving  of  notice  may  bo  uicntioncd  the 
governor's  house,  a  large  mansion,  containing,  in  addition 
to  public  ofiices,  a  library,  and  a  museum  particularly  rich  in 
Grecian  antiquities,  the  cathedral  or  church  of  St.  Nicho- 
las, the  admiralty,  custom-house,  exchange,  the  French 
and  Russian  theatres,  the  "  petit  Palais  Royal,"  used  a?  n 
bazaar,  and  the  princely  mansion  of  Count  WorouZ' 
finely  situated  at  one  extremity  of  the  Boulevard. 

The  literary  and  scientific  institutions  comprise  the  Col- 
lege of  Richelieu,  founded  in  1817,  a  university  founded  in 
1865,  an  ecclesiastical  seminary,  a  law  school,  a  Rcbool  for 
the  study  of  the  Oriental  languages,  a  school  for  noble 
young  ladies,  the  Richelieu  Lyceum,  or  royal  school  of 
commerce,  a  school  of  navigation,  and  a  botanic  garden  of 
celebrity.  There  are  also  a  hospital  and  several  other 
benevolent  institutions.  The  city  contains  the  Imperial 
Bank  of  Commerce,  a  tribunal  of  commerce,  and  a  chamlicr 
of  commerce,  and  is  an  archbishop's  see. 

In  commercial  importance  Odessa  holds  the  first  rank  in 
the  Black  Sea.  It  was  declared  a  free  port  in  1817,  and  has 
since  continued  to  make  almost  unexampled  progress.  Itj 
harbor  is  formed  by  moles,  one  of  them  in  the  shape  of  a 
quadrant,  with  regular  parapets  and  embrasures  for  can- 
non, and  subdivided  by  smaller  moles,  forming  scparaU 
docks,  capable  of  containing  300  vessels.  The  harbor 
affords  good  anchorage  for  ships  of  a  large  burden,  but 
they  are  much  exposed  during  gales  from  the  E.  and  S.E, 
It  is  defended  by  strong  works,  and  has  at  one  extremity 
the  citadel  and  at  the  other  the  lazaretto.  A  light-house 
has  been  erected  at  the  extremity  of  the  longest  mole.  The 
trade  includes,  among  other  articles,  corn,  linseed,  wool, 
iron,  hides,  copper,  wax,  caviare,  isinglass,  potash,  furs, 
cordage,  sail-cloth,  tar,  beef,  butter,  and  tallow.  The  last 
is  the  second  great  staple ;  but  the  first,  and  that  for  which 
Odessa  is  celebrated,  is  grain. 

Odessa  has  steam  navigation  companies  for  the  Black 
Sea,  the  Sea  of  Azof,  the  Dnieper,  Constantinople,  and  the 
ports  of  the  Danube.  It  is  the  terminus  of  a  great  rail- 
way, giving  it  connection  with  the  principal  cities  of  Rus- 
sia, also  with  Moldavia,  Galicia,  and  Bukovina.  It  hu 
few  manufactures,  the  chief  articles  being  soap  and  candid, 
tallow,  cordage,  spirits,  beet  sugar,  silk  and  felt  hats,  cab-' 
inet-ware,  and  wool-washers.  The  town  has  a  good  water- 
supply  from  a  point  on  the  Dniester,  26  miles  distant. 

Odessa  was  founded  by  Catherine  II.  in  1792.  In  IStij 
its  population  was  only  9000;  in  1837  it  had  increased  to| 
68,803;  in  1846  it  was  70,877;  in  1850,  71,392;  in  1858,! 
104,169;  in  1873,  184,819;  in  1890,  313,687. 

Odes'sa,  a  post-village  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  on  the 
Appoquinimink  Creek,  22  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Wilmington.! 
It  has  3  churches  and  a  national  bank.     Pop.  in  1890,  640.J 

Odessa,  a  post-village  of  Big  Stone  co.,  xMinn.,  o  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Ortonville. 

Odessa,  a  post-village  of  Bufialo  co.,  Neb.,  10  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Kearney. 

Odessa,  a  post-hamlet  in  Catherine  township,  Schuyler 
CO.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  from  Havana,  and  about  1 7  miles  N.  of 
Elmira.     It  has  2  churches  and  several  mills. 

Odessa,  a  post-village  of  Hand  co.,  S.D,,  about  10 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Miller. 

Odes'sa  (formerly  Mill   Creek),  a  post-village  of 


ODE 


2047 


OTA 


I 


i  Ontario,  co.  of  Lennox,  12  miles  AV.  of  Kingston.  It  has  3 
ehurclics,  2  grist-mills,  a  saw-mill,  a  planing-mill,  2  wool- 
|lon-inills,  2  foundries,  shingle-mills,  sash-  and  door-factory, 
I  4o.,  also  4  hotels  and  about  12  stores.     Pop.  750. 

Odessa  Centre,  Michigan.  See  South  Cass. 
j  Odcypoor,  o-di-poor',  or  Odeypore,  o-dA-por',  a 
state  of  India,  subsidiary  to  the  British,  its  centre  near  lat. 
i24°  N.,  Ion.  74°  E.  Estimated  area,  11,780  square  miles. 
(The  surface  is  hilly  and  well  watered.  The  products  com- 
prise sugar.  Indigo,  tobacco,  rice,  wheat,  timber,  iron,  cop- 
Iper,  lead,  and  sulphur.  Principal  cities,  Odeypoor  and 
Chittoor.     Pop.  1,161,400, 

I  Odeypoor,  a  city  of  India,  the  capital  of  the  above 
Mtato,  in  a  hollow  surrounded  by  rugged  hills,  145  miles 
S.W.  of  Ajmeer  and  N.E.  of  Ahmedabad,  lat.  24°  35'  N., 
(Ion.  73°  44'  E.,  has  externally  a  noble  appearance,  its  mar- 
[ble  buildings  skirting  a  lake,  from  which  it  is  protected  by 
kn  embankment.  It  has  extensive  manufactures  of  toys, 
'images,  and  carvings  in  stone  and  marble.    See  also  Oodee- 

POOR. 

Odeypoor,  or  Odeypore,  a  town  of  the  Gwalior  do- 
minions, 27  miles  E.  of  Seronge. 

Odia,  Pacific  Ocean.     See  Muskillo. 

O'diham,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Hants,  22  miles 
'E.N.E.  of  Winchester.  The  town  has  an  almshouse  and 
pther  charities,  and  some  remains  of  a  royal  palace  and 
park.     Pop.  of  parish  (1891),  7740. 

j  O'din,  a  post-village  in  Odin  township,  Marion  co., 
III.,  on  the  Ohio  <fc  Missis-sippi  Railroad  where  it  crosses 
.the  Chicago  division  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  64 
Jniles  E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Centralia. 
It  has  4  churches,  an  academy,  a  broom-factory,  a  woollen- 
-ill,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.    Pop.  (1890)  817  ;  of  township,  2390. 

Odin,  a  post-office  of  Barton  co.,  Kansas. 

Odin,  a  township  of  Watonwan  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  311. 

Odins-6e,  a  town  of  Denmark.    See  Odense. 

Odobere,  o'do^bain'  (?),  a  village  of  Africa,  in  Foota- 

amga,  on  the  Senegal.     Lat.  15°  14'  N, ;  Ion.  12°  42'  W. 

Odoicv,  or  Odojev,  o-do-y3v',  a  fortified  town  of 

ussia,  government  and  40  miles  S.W.  of  Toola,  on  the 
)opa.    Pop.  7681. 

Odowara,  a  town  and  bay  of  Japan.    See  Odawaua. 

Odrau,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Oderau. 

Odsak,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  IIodsak. 

(£.    For  names  commencing  thus,  and  not  found  below, 

B  0  ;  as,  Oerebro.    See  Orebro.    It  may  be  observed  that 
1  German  and  most  of  the  Teutonic  languages,  ae,  oe,  and 
fi  are  respectively  equivalent  to  li,  o,  and  u. 
j  (Easo,  or  CEasso,  Spain.    See  Ovarzun. 
\  Oebisielde,  o'bis-ffird^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  34  miles 
jr.AV.  of  Magdeburg,  on  the  AUer.     Pop.  2324. 
I  Oedanes,an  ancient  name  of  the  Brahmapootka. 
i  Ocdelem,  o'd§h-15m\a  parish  and  village  of  Belgium, 
U  West  Flanders,  6i  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  4500, 
I  Oedcnburg,  o'd§n-bo6uQ^  (Ilun.  Soprony,  sho^pron'; 
ific.  Sopro'nium  t),  a  town  of  West  Hungary,  capital  of  a 
bunty,  near  Lake  Neusiedl,  37  miles  by  railway  S.S.E.  of 
jienna.    Pop.  21,108,  chiefly  of  German  descent.     It  has 
pveral  fine  Roman  Catholic  churches,  a  Calvinist  church, 
jominican  and  Ursuline  convents,  Roman  Catholic   and 
lutheran  colleges,  hospitals,  barracks,  riding-school,  mili- 
ary academy,  and  theatre,  with  manufactures  of  cotton 
|id  woollen  goods,  potash,  nitre,  tobacco,  and  refined  sugar. 

is  an  extensive  mart  for  wine  grown  in  the  vicinity,  corn, 
jbacco,  wax,  honey,  and  cattle. 

;Oederan,  o'deh-rin\  a  town  of  Saxony,  32  miles  N.E. 
\  Zwickau.     Pop.  5836.     It  has  important  manufactures 
I  woollen  cloth,  flannel,  and  cotton  goods. 
lOedheim,  od'hime,  a  village  of  WUrtemberg,  circle  of 

^ckar,  bailiwick  of  Neckarsulm.     Pop.  1647. 

]Oedt,  ijtt,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  18  miles  N.W. 

j  Busseldorf,  on  the  Niers.     Pop.  of  commune,  3066. 

lOegstgeest,  ooGst'nist^  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 

;  South  Holland,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Leyden.  Pop.  of  com- 
bine, 2320. 

lOehringen,  o'ring-en,  a  town  of  WUrtemberg,  on  the 

|r,  14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Heilbronn,  with  3428  inhabitants, 

j)alace  of  the  Prince  of  Hohenlohe-Oehringen,  a  lyceum, 

d  manufactures  of  cottons  and  carpets. 

iOeiras,  o-i'o-rds,  almost  way'ris,  a  town  of  Portugal, 

;  Estremadura,  9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lisbon,  at  the  mouth 

*the  Tagus  and  of  the  small  river  Oeiras.     Pop.  2457. 

iOeiras,  o-i'e-ris,  a  city  of  Brazil,  capital  of  the  state 

■;  Piauhy,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Parnahiba,  near  lat.  7° 

(S..  Ion.  42°  40'  W.     Pop.  6000. 

Oeiras,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state  and  about  140  miles 

"W.  of  Pari. 


Gel  and,  an  island  of  Sweden.    See  Oland. 

Oelde,  ol'd?h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  26 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Munster.     Pop.  2719. 

Ocleghem,  oo'l§h-gh5m\  a  village  of  Belgium,  prov- 
ince and  9  miles  E.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  1420. 

Oelk,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Lick. 

Gels,  ols,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  16  miles  E.N.E, 
of  Breslau,  capital  of  a  mediatized  principality,  on  the  Oels. 
Pop.  8874.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  a  ducal  castle, 
with  a  library  and  museums,  Roman  Catholic  and  Lutheran 
churches,  a  theatre,  a  gymnasium,  and  manufactures  of 
woollens,  linens,  and  paper. 

Gels,  a  town  of  Moravia,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Briinn. 
Pop.  1650. 

Gels,  ols,  or  Gelse,  ol's?h,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in 
Silesia,  government  and  S.W.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  1298. 

Gelsnitz,  bls'nits,  a  town  of  Saxony,  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Elster,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Plauen.  Pop.  5085.  It  has 
manufactures  of  woollens,  cottons,  and  leather. 

Gelwein,  ol'wine,  formerly  Gtse'go,  a  post- village 
of  Fayette  co.,  Iowa,  in  Jeficrson  township,  on  the  Burling- 
ton, Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of  In- 
dependence. It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  bank,  a 
plough-factory,  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  in  1890,  830. 

Ge'naville,  a  post-office  of  Bell  co.,  'Tex. 

Geno  (o-A'no)  Island,  Pacific  Ocean,  90  miles  N.  of 
Pitcairn's  Island,  is  in  lat.  24°  1'  S.,  Ion.  130°  41'  W. 

Qilnthe,  the  ancient  name  of  Gai.axidi. 

(Kuus,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Inn. 

CEnussae,  Turkey.    See  Spalmadore  Islands. 

Gerdingen,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Ueudingex. 

Gerebro,  Sweden.    See  Orebro. 

Gcresund,  Europe.    See  Sound,  The. 

QSscus,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Isker. 

Gcsdorf,  a  village  of  Germany.    See  Oestorf. 

Gesel,  (i's^l  (Esthonian,  Kurre-Saar,  kooK'R9h-sA.R),  an 
island  of  Russia,  in  Livonia,  in  the  Baltic,  mostly  between 
lat.  67°  40'  and  58°  14'  N.  and  Ion.  21°  40'  and  23°  E. 
Area,  about  1200  square  miles.  Pop.  40,000,  mostly  Lu- 
therans, with  some  German  landed  proprietors.  The  sur- 
face is  generally  level,  and  the  soil  tolerably  fertile.  Wheat, 
rye,  barley,  oats,  peas,  <tc.,  are  produced.  Rearing  cattle^ 
horses,  and  sheep,  and  fishing,  form  the  principal  occupa- 
tions of  the  inhabitants.     Principal  town,  Arensburg. 

Gesselgem,  os's§l-Ghfim\  a  village  of  Belgium,  West 
Flanders,  on  the  Lys,  22  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bruges.  Pop.  1000. 

Gestergotland,  a  lajn  of  Sweden.     See  Linkopisg. 

OEster  Hump,  os't^r  hoo'roop,  a  fishing-village  of 
Denmark,  on  the  Cattegat,  21  miles  S.E.  of  Aalborg. 

Gesterreich,  Gestreicb,  Gesterreichisch, 
Oesterreicher.    See  Austria-Hunoart. 

Gestorf,  os'tonr,  or  Gesdorf,  oa'doRf,  a  village  of 
Germany,  principality  of  Waldeck,  E.  of  Pyrmont. 

Oestrich,  cis'triK,  a  town  of  Prussia,  on  the  Rhine,  11 
miles  W.  of  Mentz.     Pop.  2004. 

Gestringcn,  os'tring-^n,  a  village  of  Baden,  circle  of 
Middle  Rhine,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Bruchsal.     Pop.  2645. 

Gestsee,  the  German  name  of  the  Baltic. 

CJCta,  ee'ta,  a  mountain  of  Greece,  noiue  of  Phthiotis, 
is  9  miles  W.  of  Thermopylae,  and  consists  of  a  chain,  tho 
principal  elevations  of  which  are  Katabothra  and  Aninos, 
7061  feet  above  the  sea,  and  commanding  magnificent  view* 
over  Hellas,  Euboea,  and  Thessaly. 

Getinghen,  oo'ting-^n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Bra- 
bant, 16  miles  S.W.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1740. 

Getisheini,o'tis-hime\  a  village  of  WUrtemberg,  circle 
of  Neckar.     Pop.  1342. 

Getting,  a  town  of  Bavaria.     See  Alt-Oetting. 

Gettingen,  ot'ting-?n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Wer- 
nitz,  25  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Anspach.     Pop.  2892. 

Getz,  ots,  a  village  and  parish  of  Austria,  in  Tyrol,  8 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Imst.     Pop.  1195. 

G^faho'ma,  a  post-hamlet  of  Leake  co..  Miss.,  22  miles 
E.  of  Canton.     It  has  a  church. 

GTal'lon,  a  post-village  of  St.  Clair  co.,  III.,  on  the 
Ohio  <fc  Mississippi  Railroad,  and  on  the  O'Fallon  Branch 
of  the  St.  Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  17  miles  E.  of 
St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and  7  miles  N.E.  of  Belleville.  It  has  3 
churches,  2  brick-yards,  a  flouring-mill,  a  nunnery,  a 
creamery,  wagon-works,  <&c.  Coal  is  mined  here.  Pop.  in 
1890,  865. 

G'Fallon,  a  post-village  of  St.  Charles  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern  Railroad,  34  miles 
W.N.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  a  church,  a  convent,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  brick-yard. 

O'Fallon's,  a  station  in  Lincoln  co.,  Neb.,  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  17  miles  W.  of  North  Platte. 


OFA 


2048 


OQL 


Oftmto,  o-f&n'to  (ano.  Au'Jtdiu),  a  river  of  Italy,  riios 
Ib  the  province  of  Avellino,  6  miles  £.  of  Monte  Alarano, 
floiTS  L.N.E.,  and  outers  the  Adriatic  4  miles  N.W.  of  Bar- 
letta.     Length,  75  miles. 

Ofon,  lIunRfiry.     Seo  BuDA-PitsTn  and  At.T-OFK!«, 

Ori'a,  or  Crfiw'fordv  a  post-villago  in  Huron  co., 
Ontario,  16  miles  from  Lucan.     Pop.  100. 

Otfagna^  of-f&n'y&,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  the  Marches, 
7  miles  S.W.  of  Anoona,  near  the  Musono.     Pop.  23S8. 

OflTancngOf  of-f&-nin'go,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
of  Cremona,  on  the  Serio.     Pop.  of  commune,  2276. 

Offu's  Dyke*  an  intronchment  traceable  through  sev- 
eral English  and  Welsh  counties  from  the  Wye  to  the  Deo, 
constructed  by  Offa,  King  of  Morcia,  to  separate  England 
from  the  Welsh  principalities. 

Otfcnbach)  off^n-bAK',  a  town  of  IIcsso,  province  of 
Starkcnburg,  on  the  loft  bank  of  the  Main,  4  miles  S.E.  of 
Frankfort.  Pop.  25,911.  It  has  a  castle,  the  residence  of 
the  princes  Isenburg-Birstein,  several  Lutheran  churches, 
schools,  and  cabinets  of  natural  history.  It  is  the  chief 
manufacturing  town  of  the  duchy,  having  manufactures  of 
hosiery,  cotton  fabrics,  carpets  and  other  woollen  fabrics, 
carriages,  ])ipes,  musical  instruments,  and  jewelry. 

Offcnbnch,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  5  miles  E.  of  Lan- 
dau.    Pop.  21S9. 

OffcuDuriCt  oPf^n-biirg  or  orf^n-bSSua',  a  town  of  Ba- 
den, on  the  Kinzig,  and  on  the  Basel  ifc  Mannheim  Railway, 
17  miles  S.S.W.  of  Carlsruhe.  Pop.  6587.  It  is  enclosed 
by  walls,  and  has  a  gymnasium,  a  Franciscan  convent,  a 
hospital,  a  theatre,  and  a  brisk  transit  trade. 

Otfenburg,  a  village  of  Transylvania,  on  the  Aranyos, 
with  adjacent  gold-,  silver-,  and  antimony-mines. 

Offcrle,  a  post-office  of  Edwards  co.,  Kansas. 

Otfida,  offe-di,  a  village  of  Central  Italy,  in  the 
Marches,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Ascoli.     Pop.  of  commune,  4465. 

Oliingeii,  or  Markt-Oflingeiif  mankt-offing-fn,  a 
town  of  Bavaria,  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ndrdlingcn. 

Offranville,  orfrftN^Veel',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine- 
InfC-rieure,  4  miles  S.  of  Dieppe.     Pop.  1711. 

OPfiit,  a  post-office  of  W^ashington  co..  Miss. 

Offut's  Cross  lloads,  a  post-hamlot  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  Md.,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  llookvillc.     It  has  2  churches. 

Ogahdcn,  o-gi'din',  a  province  of  East  Africa,  in 
Add.     Lat.  7°  to  8°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  45°  to  49°  E. 

O^galal'ia,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Keith  co..  Neb., 
on  the  South  Fork  of  the  Platte  River,  and  on  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad,  342  miles  W.  of  Omaha. 

Ogal'lah,  a  post-villago  of  Trego  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  33  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Hays  City. 
It  has  2  stores  and  a  hotel. 

Og'den,  a  post-village  of  Champaign  co..  III.,  on  the 
Indianapolis,  Bloomington  &  Western  Railroad,  17  miles 
W.  of  Danville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Ogden,  a  post-villago  of  Henry  co.,  Ind.,  in  Spiceland 
township,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Indianapolis  with 
Richmond,  30  miles  W.  of  Richmond.     It  has  3  churches. 

Ogdcn,  a  post-village  of  Boone  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chi- 
cago A,  Northwestern  Railroad,  11  miles  E.  of  Grand  Junc- 
tion. It  has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  a  money-order 
post-office,  a  flouring-mill,  and  2  churches.     P.  (1890)  689. 

Ogdcn,  a  post-village  in  Ogden  township,  Riley  co., 
Kansas,  on  the  Kansas  River,  and  on  the  Kansas  Pacific 
Railroad,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Junction  City.  It  has  2  churches, 
S  brewery,  and  a  graded  school.    Pop.  of  the  township,  647. 

Ogden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Oanada  Southern  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Adrian. 
It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  Ogden  township,  1622. 

Ogden,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co..  Neb. 

Ogden,  a  post-office  in  Ogden  township,  Monroe  co., 
N.Y.,  13  miles  W.  of  Rochester.  The  township  contains 
villages  named  Adams  Basin  and  Spencerport,  which  are 
on  the  Erie  Canal.  It  is  intersected  by  the  New  York 
Central  Railroad.     Pop.  2977. 

Ogden,  a  post-village  in  Adams  township,  Clinton  co., 
0.,  on  the  Cincinnati  <t  Muskingum  Valley  Railroad,  50 
miles  N.E.  of  Cincinnati,  and  5  miles  W.  of  Wilmington. 
It  has  3  churches. 

Ogden,  or  Ogden  City,  a  post-town,  capital  of 
Weber  co.,  Utah,  is  near  Ogden  Pealc,  on  the  Weber  River 
where  it  passes  through  the  Wahsatch  Range,  37  miles 
N.  of  Salt  Lake  City.  Elevation,  4340  feet.  It  is  the 
W.  terminus  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  which  con- 
nects here  with  the  Central  Pacific  and  Utah  Northern 
Railroads,  873  miles  from  San  Francisco,  and  1029  miles 
from  Omaha.  The  Utah  Central  Railroad  connects  it  with 
Salt  Lake  City.  A  dailv  newspaper  is  published  here. 
Pop.  in  1870,  3127;  in  1880,  6069j  in  1890,  14,889. 


Ogden  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Ogden  towuhlp, 
Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  4  miles  from  Ogden,  and  13  milci 
E.X.K.  of  Morcnci. 

Ogden  Centre,  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Ogu 
den  township.  1  mile  from  Spencerport.     It  has  a  church. 

Ogden  Mine,  a  hamlet  in  bparta  township,  Susfei 
CO.,  N.J.,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Ogdensburg.  It  is  the  «.  torini- 
nus  of  a  railroad  extending  to  Lake  Ilopatcung.  Here  it 
an  iron-mine. 

Ogden  Peak,  Utah,  is  a  peak  of  the  Wahsatch  Moun- 
tains, near  Ogden,  the  W.  terminus  of  the  Union  Pacilic 
Railroad.  Its  height  is  computed  to  be  9638  feet  above  tlie 
sea-level.  It  is  the  culminating  point  of  the  mass  of  moun- 
tain which  is  separated  from  the  other  parts  of  the  rang« 
by  Ogden  Cafion  and  Weber  Cafion. 

Og'den's,  a  station  of  theSwcdcsborough  Branch  Rail 
rond,  3i  miles  S.W.  of  Woodbury,  N.J. 

Og'densburg,  a  post-village  of  Sussex  co.,  NJ.,  in 
Sparta  township,  on  the  Wallkill  Rivei,  and  on  the  Now 
Jersey  Midland  Railroad,  36  miles  W.N.W.  of  I'atorson. 
It  has  a  mine  of  zinc.  Franklinite  is  found  near  here, 
and  here  are  the  Passaic  Zinc  Works. 

Ogdensburg,  a  city  and  port  of  entry  in  Oswegatchic 
township,  St.  Lawrence  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the  river  St.  LbW' 
rence,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Oswegatchic,  and  opposite  Proi. 
cott,  Canada.  Lat.  44°  41'  N.;  Ion.  75°  31'  W.  By  mil. 
road  it  is  61  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Malono,  142  miles  N.  o( 
Rome,  and  250  miles  N.N.W.  of  Albany.  It  is  the  W 
terminus  of  the  Ogdensburg  &  Lake  Champlain  Railroad 
and  the  N.  terminus  of  the  Rome,  Watcrtown  &  Ogdens- 
burg Railroad.  Ogdensburg  is  situated  on  a  plain,  is  regu- 
larly laid  out,  lighted  with  gas,  and  profusely  shaded  bj 
trees.  The  St.  Lawrence  River  is  hero  more  than  2  inilei 
wide,  and  is  crossed  by  steam  ferry-boats  plying  bctweer 
this  city  and  Prcscott.  The  principal  public  buildings  arc 
the  Catholic  cathedral  and  the  new  edifice  erected  by  thi 
United  States  for  the  post-office,  custom-house,  and  court- 
house. This  cost  about  $250,000.  Ogdensburg  contains  t 
bank,  a  large  hotel  called  the  Seymour  House,  12  gradci 
schools,  each  occupying  a  fine  building,  the  Ogdensburg 
Educational  Institute,  and  6  churches.  One  daily  and  '. 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  The  prosperity  of 
this  place  is  chiefly  derived  from  trade  and  extensive  manu 
facturcs  of  flour,  lumber,  machinery,  leather,  <to.  It  hn; 
an  immense  grain-elevator.  It  is  stated  that  10,000,001 
bushels  of  grain  pass  through  this  port  in  a  year  from  thi 
West  to  New  England.  Steamboats  depart  daily  from  thii 
city  to  various  ports  on  the  river  and  lakes.  It  was  inoor 
porated  as  a  city  in  1868.     Pop.  in  1890,  11,662. 

Ogdensburg,  Tioga  co.,  Pa.    See  Union  Cknthb. 

Ogdensburg,  a  post-village  of  Waupaca  co..  Wis.,  oi 
the  Green  Bay  <fc  Minnesota  Railroad,  55  miles  W.  by  8. ol 
Green  Bay  City.     It  has  2  churches. 

Og'den's  Land'ing,  a  post-office  of  Ballard  co.,  Ky. 
on  the  Ohio  River,  25  miles  below  Paducah. 

Ogee,  o'ghee,  a  post-office  of  Blount  co.,  Ala. 

Ogeechee,  o-gheo'chee,  a  river  of  Georgia,  rises  in  o 
near  Greene  co.,  and  runs  nearly  southeastward.  It  form 
the  S.W.  boundary  of  Burke,  Scrivcn,  Effingham,  am 
Chatham  cos.,  and  enters  the  Atlantic  Ocean  through  0«sa 
haw  Sound,  about  18  miles  S.  of  Savannah.  Its  length  i 
estimated  at  260  miles.     It  traverses  a  level,  sandy  region 

Ogeechee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scriven  co.,  Qa.,  on  th 
Ogeechee  River,  and  on  the  Central  Georgia  Railroad,  6 
miles  N.AV.  of  Savannah.  Nearly  2000  bales  of  cotton  ar 
shipped  here  in  a  year. 

Ogema,  o'ghe-mi,  a  post-office  of  Chippewa  CO.,  Wit 
on  the  Central  Railroad,  97  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ashland. 

Ogemaw,  o'ghe-niaw,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  o 
Michigan,  has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  drain© 
by  Rifle  River,  which  rises  in  it.  The  surface  is  un 
dulating,  and  is  covered  with  forests.  It  is  traversed  b; 
a  division  of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad.  Capita 
West  Branch.     Pop.  in  1880,  1914;  in  1890,  5.i8.3. 

Ogemaw   Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ogemaw  on 
Mich.,  at   Ogemaw   Station   on   the   Jackson,   Lansing 
Saginaw  Railroad,  58  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bay  City.    I'oi 
of  Ogemaw  township,  149.  . 

Oggersheim,  og'gh^rs-hlme^  a  town  of  Rhenish  i'j 
varia,  12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Speyer,  with  a  castle.     P.  Sh' 

Oggiono,  od-jo'no,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  13  mil' 
E.  of  Como.     Pop.  2745. 

Oglasa,  the  ancient  name  of  MoNTE-CnnisTO. 

Ogle,  o'g?l,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Illinois,  has  a 
area  of  about  780  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Koc 
River,  which  divides  it  into  two  nearly  equal  parts,  and 
also  drained  by  Leaf  River  and  Pine  Creek.    The  surface 


OGL 


2049 


OIII 


undulatinj?.  The  soil  is  very  fertile,  and  prairies  more  ex- 
tensive than  woodlands.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  barley,  hay, 
cattle,  butter,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Galena 
limestone  (Lower  Silurian)  crops  out  in  the  bluffs  of  Rock 
River.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Illinois  Central, 
Chicago,  Burlington  &  Northern,  Chicago,  Burlington  & 
Quincy,  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul,  and  Chicago,  St. 
Paul  <fc  Kansas  City  Railroads.  Capital,  Oregon.  Pop.  in 
1S70,  27,492;  in  1880,  29,937;  in  1890,  28,710. 

Ogle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  cc,  Pa.,  about  20  miles  N. 
by  W.  of  Pittsburg. 

Ogles,  o'g?lz,  a  village  of  St.  Clair  co.,  111.,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Alton  &  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Belle- 
ville.   Here  coal  is  mined. 

Oglesby,  o'g§lz-be,  a  post-village  of  La  Salle  co..  111., 
on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  2  miles  S.  of  La  Salic,  and 
about  1  mile  S.  of  the  Illinois  River.  Coal  is  mined  here 
by  two  companies. 

Oglethorpe,  o'g?I-thorp,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of 
Georgia,  has  an  area  of  about  520  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  Broad  River,  and  on  the  S.AV.  by 
[the  Oconee  River,  and  is  drained  by  the  South  Fork  of 
Qiroad  River  and  by  Long  Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and 
tt  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly 
fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
jbroducts.  Among  its  minerals  are  granite,  novaculite,  and 
iron  ore.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Athens  Branch 
of  the  Georgia  Railroad.  Capital,  Lexington.  Pop.  in  1870, 
11,782;  in  1880,  15,400;  in  1890,  16,951. 

Oglethorpe,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Macon  co.,  Ga., 
nn  Flint  River,  and  on  the  Southwestern  Railroad,  50  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Macon.  It  has  2  churches,  saw-  and  grist-mills, 
and  general  stores.     Pop.  in  1890,  486. 

Ogleton,  o'g^l-t^n,  a  station  on  the  Cincinnati,  Ham- 
ilton <t  Indianapolis  Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of  Oxford,  0. 

Oglianico,  ol-yl'ne-ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  about  20 
niles  from  Turin.     Pop.  1011. 

Oglio,  61'yo,  or  OIlio,  il'Ie-o  (anc.  Ol'liut),  a  river 
)f  Italy,  rises  in  the  Rhoetian  Alps,  flows  through  Lake 
(seo,  and,  after  a  course  of  130  miles,  joins  the  Po  at  Torre 
J'Oglio,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Mantua. 

Og'inore,  a  river  of  South  Wales,  rising  in  the  co.  of 
llamorgan,  flows  S.S.W.  into  the  Bristol  Channel. 

OgO&O,  o-g6n'yo,  a  cape  of  Spain,  Bay  of  Biscay,  in 
he  E.  part  of  the  province  of  Biscay,  17  miles  N.W.  of 
Jilbao.  Lat.  43°  25'  N. ;  Ion.  2°  35'  W. 
!  Ogoway,  or  OgOAv6,  5g'o-wa,  a  large  river  of  Africa, 
•hich  reaches  the  Atlantic  by  several  mouths,  forming  a 
vrge  delta,  not  far  S.  of  the  Gaboon  estuary.  Little  is 
,nown  of  its  upper  course. 

(  Ognliu,  o-goo-leen',  a  town  of  Croatia,  23  miles  S.S.AV. 
!f  Carlstadt,  on  the  Dobra.     Pop.  3543. 

OgHii'quit,  a  post-village  of  York  co..  Me.,  in  Wells 
ownship,  about  1  mile  from  the  ocean,  and  35  miles  S.S.W. 
f  Portland.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  free  higli  school. 
Ogy,  o'zhee',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Ilainaut,  25  miles 
f.N.W.  of  Mons.    Pop.  1364. 

'  Ohain,  o'hin',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Brabant,  11 
files  S.S.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  2750. 
■  Ohanez,  o-l-n5th',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  19 
jilea  N.W.  of  Almeria,  on  the  S.  slope  of  the  Sierra  Ne- 
ida.    Pop.  2457. 

Ohasaka,  a  town  of  Japan.     See  Osaka. 
Oheteroa,o-hi-ti.-ro'4,  or  Rouronton,  roo-roo-ton', 
1  island  of  the  Pacific,  lat.  22°  34'  S.,  ion.  150°  13'  W., 
Jout  12  miles  in  circumference. 

:,Pj»ip,  o-hi'o,  an  important  river  and  affluent  of  the 
ississippi,  is  formed  by  the  Alleghany  and  Monongahela 
ivers,  which  unite  at  Pittsburg,  in  Pennsylvania,  where 
'is  a  navigable  stream  about  600  yards  wide.  This  point 
about  700  feet  above  the  sea-level.  It  runs  first  north- 
cstward  to  Beaver,  and,  after  it  has  crossed  the  W.  bound- 
y  of  Pennsylvania,  flows  southward  to  Wheeling.  Be- 
w  this  point  it  forms  the  boundary  between  Ohio  and 
est  Virginia,  and  runs  southwestward  to  the  mouth  of 
0  Sandy  River.  It  next  forms  the  boundary  between 
entucky  and  Ohio,  and  pursues  a  west-northwestward 
urse  to  Cincinnati.  After  it  strikes  the  E.  border  of 
idiana,  it  runs  nearly  southwestward  with  a  very  sinuous 
urse,  and  forms  the  boundary  between  Indiana  and  Illi- 
'18  on  the  right  and  Kentucky  on  the  left,  until  it  enters 
0  Mississippi  at  Cairo  in  lat.  37°  N.  and  about  1200  miles 
'."»  the  mouth  of  the  Great  River.  The  Ohio  is  nearly 
00  miles  long,  and  carries,  it  is  said,  a  greater  volume  of 
Iter  than  any  other  tributary  of  the  Mississippi.  The 
•ea  drained  by  it  is  computed  to  be  214,000  square  miles, 
mouth  ia  nearly  300  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 


lb 


This  river  is  remarkable  for  the  gentleness  and  uniformity 
of  its  current.  Large  steamboats  can  navigate  it  from 
Pittsburg  to  its  mouth,  except  in  the  low  stages  of  water, — 
■i.e.,  in  summer,  and  when  it  is  closed  by  ice  in  winter. 
The  largest  affluents  of  the  Ohio  are  the  Tennessee,  the 
Cumberland,  the  AVabash,  the  Kentucky,  the  Great  Ka- 
nawha, the  Green,  the  Muskingum,  and  the  Scioto.  The 
chief  towns  on  its  banks  are  Cincinnati,  Pittsburg,  Louis- 
ville, Evansville,  New  Albany,  Madison,  Portsmouth,  and 
Covington.  Bridges  cross  this  river  at  Wheeling  and  Cin- 
cinnati. In  the  upper  part  of  its  course  it  flows  among 
verdant  hills  and  beautiful  scenery.  Near  Louisville  the 
navigation  was  obstructed  by  rocky  rapids,  where  the  river 
descends  22  feet  in  a  distance  of  2  miles.  To  obviate  this 
difficulty,  a  canal  wide  and  deep  enough  for  steamboats  has 
been  opened.  The  water  of  this  river  is  subject  to  great 
variations  of  level,  and  the  difference  between  high  and 
low  water  is  nearly  50  feet.  The  width  of  the  river  varies 
from  500  yards  or  less  to  1400  yards.  It  encloses  a  large 
number  of  islands.  Between  Pittsburg  and  Portsmouth  it 
runs  for  about  350  miles  through  the  great  coal-fields  of 
Pennsylvania,  Ohio,  and  AVest  Virginia. 

Ohio,  a  north  central  state  of  the  American  Union, 
bounded  N.  by  the  state  of  Michigan  and  Lake  Erie,  E.  by 
Pennsylvania  and  West  Virginia,  S.  by  West  Virginia  and 
Kentucky,  and  W.  by  Indiana.  The  state  limits  include 
nearly  all  the  AVine  Islands  of  Lake  Erie,  along  which  lake 
the  state  has  a  water-front  of  230  miles,  while  the  navigable 
Ohio  River  divides  it  from  AA'est  A'irginia  and  Kentucky, 
washing  the  S.E.  and  S.  border  of  the  state  for  436  miles. 
The  longest  E.  and  AV.  measurement  is  225  miles  ;  N.  and 
S.,  205  miles.  Area,  41,060  square  miles,  of  which  about 
one-third  is  under  cultivation,  one-fifth  pasture,  and  one- 
sixth  woodland.     But  a  small  percentage  is  unproductive. 

The  Face  of  the  Country  may  be  described  as  a  table-land 
whose  watershed  has  an  average  altitude  sf  about  1160  feet, 
the  highest  point  (1540  feet)  being  in  Logan  co.,  the  north- 
ern slope  reaching  Lake  Erie  (elevation  565  feet)  bj-  easy 
grades  of  descent,  the  surface  being  generally  level  or  gen- 
tly rolling,  while  the  southern  and  southeastern  aspects  have 
a  somewhat  greater  pitch,  the  Ohio  at  the  S.AV.  angle  being 
only  433  feet,  and  at  its  highest  point  in  this  state  about 
665  feet  above  the  sea.  The  Ohio  thus  falls  some  230  feet 
in  436  miles ;  and  this  river  and  many  of  its  tributaries 
have  cut  for  themselves  deep  trough-like  valleys.  The 
banks  of  the  Ohio  have,  therefore,  a  remarkably  bold  as- 
pect, and  portions  of  its  immediate  valley  are  occupied  by 
steep  bluffs,  and  a  part  of  the  southeastern  or  coal  region 
is  cut  deeply  into  a  labyrinth  of  narrow  ravines.  In  the 
N.AV.  is  a  large  well-timbered  area,  naturally  swampy. 

The  keystone  of  the  geological  system  of  Ohio  is  the 
Cincinnati  limestone,  the  geologically  oldest  rock  exposed 
in  the  state.  It  is  of  Lower  Silurian  age,  the  equiva- 
lent of  the  Trenton  and  Hudson  groups  of  New  York,  and 
underlies  the  blue-grass  country  of  Kentucky.  It  can  be 
traced  northward  to  the  AA'ine  Islands,  and  is  flanked  by  the 
Clinton  and  Niagara  limestones  in  succession,  the  former 
yielding  the  Muskingum  county  iron  ores  and  the  latter 
affording  much  excellent  lime.  The  Saline  group  appears 
at  Sandusky,  where  it  affords  much  excellent  gypsum  and 
building-stone.  The  waterlimo  is  especially  developed 
westward.  Upon  this  formation  rests  on  either  flank  of 
the  anticlinal  the  Oriskany  sandstone,  not  hero  of  special 
importance,  except  as  the  lowest  of  Devonian  rocks.  The 
corniferous  limestone  affords  not  only  fine  lime,  but  is  quar- 
ried at  Columbus,  Kelley's  Island,  Sandusky,  Delaware,  &c., 
for  building-stone,  and  of  this  stone  the  state-house  is  built; 
and  it  is  believed  anciently  to  have  formed  an  island  where 
Cincinnati  now  stands.  From  this  limestone  remains  of 
huge  ganoid  fishes  are  obtained.  The  Hamilton,  Huron, 
and  Erie  shales  afford  petroleum  at  Duck  Creek  and  else- 
where, and  are  the  source  of  the  inflammable  gas  which 
escapes  from  many  artesian  wells.  This  natural  gas  is  at 
many  points  utilized  for  heating  and  illuminating  purposes, 
and,  if  the  price  of  petroleum  should  warrant,  from  some 
of  the  shales  oil  could  bo  abundantly  distilled.  The  car- 
boniferous system  underlies  a  large  part  of  Ohio.  Its  low- 
est member,  the  AVaverly  sandstone,  affords  oil  at  Mecca, 
Liverpool,  Grafton,  <fec. ;  salt  at  Pomeroy  and  elsewhere ; 
grindstones  and  building-stone  at  Berea,  Buena  Vista,  Am- 
herst, and  Independence. 

Upon  this  sandstone  rest  the  carboniferous  limestone 
(southward)  and  the  conglomerate  (in  patches  northward). 
We  now  arrive  at  the  lower  coal  measures.  The  counties 
of  Mahoning,  Columbiana,  Stark,  Holmes,  Tuscaraw.as,  Car- 
roll, Jefferson,  Harrison,  Belmont,  Guernsey,  Coshocton, 
Muskingum,  Perry,  Noble,  Morgan,  Monroe,  Washington 


om 


-2050 


om 


Athens,  Meigs,  Oallia,  and  Lawronoe  ar«  antiroly  undor- 
l&id  by  ooul,  wbioli  is  also  found  to  a  groiitor  or  luss  extent 
In  Jaokson,  Trumbull,  Portage,  Geauga,  Sutninit,  Medina, 
Licking,  Wayne,  liuckin<t,  Fairfield,  Scioto,  Vinton,  Knox, 
Kiohland,  Asbland,  and  Wayne.  Tlioie  parts  of  the  surface 
where  the  lovror  ooal  moasuros  are  exposed  have  an  excel- 
lent soil.  The  loirest  layer  is  an  excellent  block-ooul, 
known  as  Brier  Hill  or  Mahoning  Valley  ooal,  wrought  at 
Fulton,  Akron,  Clinton,  Massillon,  Spencer's  Mill,  Napoleon, 
Jaokson,  and  many  other  points.  This  coal  is  the  bants  of 
the  greivt  iron-industry  of  Cleveland  and  of  Northern  Ohio, 
and  is  one  of  the  best  furnaoe-coals  in  oxistonoe.  The  next 
higher  bod  includes  the  Strawbridgo  oannel,  whioh  is  prized 
as  a  locomotive-coal.  The  third  bod,  in  Coshocton,  Stark, 
and  llolmes  cos.,  ntTords  benches  of  good  cannol  and  coking 
eouls.  The  fourth  bod  gives  the  excellent  Lcctonia  coke 
and  other  useful  coals.  The  fifth  atTords  oxcollont  coals  at 
New  Lisbon  and  Mineral  Point.  The  sixth  is  the  very  im- 
portant coal  of  Straitsville,  Nelsonville,  Ilaydenvillo,  Salina, 
Chauncoy,  Coal  Port,  Trenton,  Port  Washington,  Salino- 
ville,  llammondsville,  Linton,  WoUsville,  Ac.  The  "  barren" 
measures  contain  three  seams  of  coal,  which  attain  at  some 
points  a  local  importance,  especially  in  the  Tuscarawas  Val- 
ley. The  upper  coal  measures  contain  no  less  than  nine 
seams,  five  of  which  arc  of  general  or  local  importance,  and 
one,  the  lowest  or  Pittsburg  seam,  wrought  at  Pomoroy,  Syra- 
cuse, and  elsewhere  along  the  Ohio  lliver,  is  of  high  eco- 
nomic value.  Important  coal-mining  points  which  we  have 
not  mentioned  arc  Petrea,  Carbondalc,  Zanesville,  Ironton, 
Duck  Creek,  Cambridge,  Ac.  Between  Marietta  and  Ports- 
mouth there  is  a  magnificent  development  of  iron  ores  in 
the  buhrstono  stratum  of  the  lower  coal  measures.  These 
ores  are  best  developed  in  the  Hanging  Rock  region,  and 
ore  largely  wrought.  They  are  by  far  the  most  important 
spathio  ores,  or  carbonates  of  iron,  in  the  United  States. 
They  are  found  both  as  nodular  and  as  plate  ore.  Next  in 
value  to  this  is  the  black-band,  from  the  barren  coal  meas- 
ures, which  h;i8  here  very  importiint  local  developments, 
supplying  the  iron-works  at  Dover,  Port  Washington,  and 
Massillon.  It  becomes  in  some  places  a  nodoiar  "  moun- 
tain" or  "  kidney"  ore.  Other  products  of  the  coal  meas- 
ures are  excellent  hydraulic  limestone  (upper  coal),  from 
which  the  abundant  and  strong  Barncsville  cement  is  made, 
and  the  widely  useful  pottery  clays  and  non-plastic  fire- 
clays, especially  developed  in  the  lower  measures.  The 
Mineral  Point  fire-bricks  rank  among  the  best  in  the  United 
States.  The  white  Massillon  sandstone  is  a  valuable  build- 
ing-material. Nearly  all  Ohio,  as  far  S.  as  Dayton,  is  cov- 
ered (especially  to  the  W.)  with  a  deep  drift  containing 
many  local  deposits  of  sand,  gravel,  and  clay,  having  in 
some  places  large  boulders ;  but,  unlike  many  drift  deposits, 
it  very  generally  possesses  all  the  elements  of  fertility.  In 
1890  the  coal  product  was  9,976,787  tons,  the  pig-iron 
product  was  1,302,299  tons,  and  the  steel  product  amounted 
to  446,808  tons.  Strontian  Island,  in  Lake  Erie,  aa"ords 
strontium  and  barium. 

Objects  of  Interest  to  Tourists, — Among  these  are  the  an- 
cient mounds  and  earthworks  of  Circleville,  Marietta,  Ac, 
the  natural  fountains  of  Bryan,  Williams  co.,  and  the  deep 
canons  of  the  Hocking  River  and  its  tributaries. 

Rivers,  <£-c. — The  rivers  Little  Beaver,  Mahoning,  Mus- 
kingum, Ilockhocking,  Scioto,  and  Little  and  Great  Miami 
are  tributaries  of  the  Ohio,  and  the  Maumee,  Portage,  San- 
dusky, Huron,  Vermilion,  Black,  Rooky,  Cuyahoga,  Chagrin, 
Grand,  Ashtabula,  and  Conncaut  flow  into  Lake  Erie. 
The  latter  have  in  several  instances  been  so  improved  that 
their  mouths  afibrd  harbor  facilities.  The  Muskingum  has 
been  artificially  adapted  to  navigation,  and  boats  can  ascend 
it  95  miles  at  some  seasons.  The  state  has  also  a  total  of 
800  miles  of  canal  navigation,  and  the  streams  alTord  much 
water-power. 

Agriculture. — In  nearly  every  branch  of  agricultural  in- 
dustry Ohio  occupies  a  leading  position.  Excepting  the 
steep  blufi"-8ides,  there  is  very  little  inarable  land ;  and  the 
only  unproductive  soils  are  certain  shaly  argillaceous  out- 
crops  of  the  upper  and  middle  coal  measures.  These  have 
sometimes  an  intractable  quality  until  they  have  been 
thoroughly  broken  up  and  underdraincd.  The  "  Western 
Reserve,"  or  "  Connecticut  Reserve,"  in  the  N.E.,  is  a 
famous  dairy  and  stock-growing  region.  The  dairy  prod- 
ucts, including  the  butter  and  cheese  made  on  the  farms, 
as  well  as  the  output  obtained  from  milk  sent  to  the 
factories,  is  very  large.  Ohio's  wool-clip  is  one  of  the 
largest  in  the  United  States,  the  S.E.  section  being  es- 
pecially adapted  to  this  product.  The  Miami,  Scioto, 
and  Muskingum  river-bottoms,  largely  underlaid  by  the 
self-fertilizing  soil  derived  from  the  highly  fossiliferous 


Cincinnati  limestone,  are  splendidly  adapted  to  the  produo- 
tion  of  Indian  corn.  The  Muskingum  and  Muumee  Vallevi 
are  famous  wheat-growing  sections.  The  sleep  rivor-fronu 
on  the  southern  border,  and  the  islands  and  shores  of  Lakt 
Erie,  produce  much  wine,  which  ranks  willi  the  best  Amer- 
ican vintages.  The  Western  Reserve  and  the  Miami  Vallei 
are  noted  for  their  apples.  Linseed  and  tiax  are  ttu|il( 
products  of  Ohio,  as  well  as  hay,  the  cereals,  potatoes,  grmit- 
and  clover-seed,  tobacco,  hops,  fruits,  and  all  the  other  prod, 
ucts  of  Northern  agriculture.  Many  of  the  beet  lands  in  tb< 
state  were  called  ''  barrens"  by  the  early  settlors,  and  wen 
8ui)posed  to  be  too  dry  to  have  much  value. 

Manufactures. — Having  abundant  water-power,  coal,  Iroi 
ore,  wool,  timber,  and  other  raw  materials,  with  one  of  tbi 
most  intelligent  and  active  populations  to  be  found  in  tin 
United  States,  it  was  inevitable  that  Ohio  should  beooinu  i 
great  manufacturing  state.  For  the  iron  product  she  ha. 
employed  not  only  her  own  excellent  spathic  ores,  but  hu. 
imported  largely  the  rich  hematites  and  magnetites  ol 
Northern  Michigan,  her  own  block  and  coking  coal 
having  special  fitness  for  this  industry.  Cleveland,  Mas 
sillon,  Youngstown,  and  the  Ohio  River  towns  are  principa 
seats  of  the  iron  manufacture,  which  here  embraces  ca«t 
ings,  rolled  and  forged  work,  Bessemer  steel,  Bhcet-in>i 
work,  wire  and  wire  goods,  nails,  pigs,  bridge-work,  raiU 
Ac.  Other  important  industries  are  pork-packing,  oil-re 
fining,  the  expression  of  linseed  and  lard  oil,  the  makinj 
of  factory-cheese,  beer,  malt,  whisky,  wine,  brandy,  anc 
cream-tartar,  the  sawing  of  lumber,  and  the  manufoctur 
of  boxes,  cars,  carriages,  cooperage,  furniture  and  otbe 
similar  goods,  leather,  boots,  shoes,  harness,  cement,  lim< 
fire-brick,  pottery,  paints,  salt,  porcelain,  brick,  drain-tile 
glass  (including  plate  and  stained  goods),  chcmicoJs,  soof 
candles,  woollens,  and  paper. 

The  fisheries  of  Lake  Erie  are  important.  The  chic 
fishing-ports,  in  the  order  named,  are  Sandusky,  Tolodc 
Cleveland,  Huron,  Conneaut,  Put-in  Bay,  and  Ashtabula 
As  many  as  10,000,000  pounds  of  fresh  lake  fish,  of  mor 
than  15  species,  are  some  years  sold  in  these  markets  at  firs 
hand.  The  river  Maumee  has  been  pronounced  the  mot 
prolific  fish-producing  stream  in  the  United  States.  Th 
manufacture  of  caviare  and  smoked  sturgeon  has  become  a 
important  industry. 

Commerce  is  greatly  facilitated  by  the  extent  of  the  Iak« 
and  river-fronts  of  Ohio.  The  artificial  channels  of  nav: 
gation  are  elsewhere  noticed.  Cincinnati,  Cleveland,  Sat 
dusky,  and  Toledo  are  ports  of  entry.  With  the  variety  o 
natural  and  manufactured  products,  Ohio  h.is  an  extensiv 
commerce,  but  from  her  geographical  position  it  is  miiinl 
inter-state  and  domestic  in  character.  A  number  of  sailin 
vessels  and  steamers  owned  in  the  state  are  engaged  in  lak 
and  river  traffic.  The  building  of  vessels  is  an  importar 
industry  at  Cleveland.  Besides  the  ports  of  entry,  thei 
are  lake-ports  at  Conneaut,  Ashtabula,  Black  River,  Fail 
port.  Port  Clinton,  Vermilion,  Put-in  Bay,  Huron,  Ac. 

Railroads. — The  first  railroad  (the  Mad  River  Railroac 
was  begun  in  1835.  In  1841  there  were  36  miles  in  open 
tion;  in  1846,  129  miles;  in  1850,  575  miles;  in  185. 
1486  miles;  in  1860,  2946  miles;  in  1865,  3331  miles;  i 
1870,  .3538  miles;  in  1875,4461  miles;  in  1880,  5792  milci 
in  1885,  7304  miles;  and  in  1890,  7988  miles,  withoi 
counting  sidings  and  extra  tracks.  The  chief  railros 
centres  are  Cincinnati,  Cleveland,  Columbus,  Toledo,  D»; 
ton,  and  Mansfield.  Trani'portation  by  rail  has  of  la 
gained  rapidly  in  extent  and  profit  over  that  by  water. 

The  counties  are  88  in  number,  viz.,  Adams,  Allen,  Asl 
land,  Ashtabula,  Athens,  Auglaize,  Belmont,  Brown,  Bu 
ler,  Carroll,  Champaign,  Clark,  Clermont,  Clinton,  Colun 
biana,  Coshocton,  Crawford,  Cuyahoga,  Darke,  Dcfianc 
Delaware,  Erie,  Fairfield,  Fayette,  Franklin,  Fultoi 
Gnllia,  Geauga,  Greene,  Guernsey,  Hamilton,  Ilancoc, 
Hardin,  Harrison,  Henry,  Highland,  Hocking,  Holme 
Huron,  Jackson,  Jefi"erson,  Knox,  Lake,  Lawrence,  Licl 
ing,  Logan,  Lorain,  Lucas,  Madison,  Mahoning,  Mario 
Medina,  Meigs,  Mercer,  Miami,  Monroe,  Montgomer 
Morgan,  Morrow,  Muskingum,  Noble,  Ottawa,  PauW'nj 
Perry,  Pickaway,  Pike,  Portage,  Preble,  Putnam,  Kicl| 
land,  Ross,  Sandusky,  Scioto,  Seneca,  Shelby,  Stark,  fcuti 
mit,  Trumbull,  Tuscarawas,  Union,  Van  Wert,  \  mt  > 
Warren,  Washington,  Wayne,  Williams,  Wood,  Wyandot 

The  principal  cities  and  towns,  following  the  census  it 
1890,  are  Cincinnati,  the  largest  city,  and  a  great  nve 
port  and  manufacturing  centre  (pop.  296,908);  Colnmbu, 
the  capital  (1880,  51,647;  1890,  88,150);  Cleveland,  tl 
principal  lake-port  (261,353);  Toledo  (81,434),  Bnyt^ 
(61,220),  Youngstown  (33,220),  Springfield  (31,895).  Akn 
(27,601J,   Canton    '26,189),   Zanesville   (21,009),  Fmdk 


OIII 


2051 


Olio 


(18  533),  Sandusky  (18,471),  Harailton  (17,565),  Lima 
lo'gSl),  Newark  (1-1,270),  Mansfield  (13,473),  Steuben  ville 
(13'394),  Portsmouth  (12,394),  Clullicothe  (11,288),  East 
Liverpool  (10,956),  Ironton  (10,939),  Tiffin  (10,801).  Mas- 
Uillon  (10,092),  Bellaire  (9934),  Piqua  (9090),  Ashtabnla 
!(8338),  Marion  (8327),  Marietta  (8273),  Delaware  (8224), 
Defiance  (7094),  Middletown  (7681),  Alliance  (7607),  Lan- 
caster (7555),  Xenia  (7301),  Norwalk  (7195),  Fremont 
,(7144),  Fostoria  (7070),  Circloville  (6556),  Urbana  (6510), 
jGalion  (6326),  Martin  Ferry  (6250),  Mount  Vernon  (6027), 
iBucyrus  (5974),  Warren  (5973),  besides  niiiny  other  thriving 
tdWDS  like  Wooster,  Salem,  Washington,  Elyria,  Kenton, 
Van  Wert,  Greenville,  Wellsville,  &a.,  some  of  them  popu- 
lous, and  many  having  important  industrial  and  commercial 
interests. 

Government,  dkc. — The  governor  is  chosen  for  a  term  of 
iwo  years.  The  general  assembly  (legislature)  consists  of 
p  senate  of  36  and  a  house  of  representatives  of  105  mem- 
bers, and  sits  biennially.  Voters  must  live  one  j'ear  in  the 
ptate,  one  month  in  the  county,  and  twenty  days  in  the 
ward,  village,  and  township  before  they  can  cast  votes. 
Judges  are  elected  by  the  people  for  definite  terms  of  ser- 

tioe.  The  state  has  23  electoral  votes,  and  sends  21  rcpro- 
cntatives  to  the  lower  house  of  Congress.  Among  the 
public  institutions  are  lunatic  asylums  at  Columbus,  New- 
ourg,  Dayton,  Athens,  Longview,  Toledo,  and  Carthage ;  the 
jtato  penitentiary  and  state  asylums  for  deaf-mutes,  for  the 
blind,  and  for  idiots,  at  Columbus ;  the  state  orphanage, 
tt  Xenia;  the  reform  schools  for  boys,  near  Lancaster;  for 
girls,  at  White  Sulphur  Springs,  &g. 

i  Education. — A  liberal  and  effective  system  of  public  in- 
jltruction  prevails  in  Ohio,  presided  over  by  a  state  board 
M  examiners,  with  county  secretaries,  by  a  state  commis- 
[lonor,  and  by  local  sui)erint(Alents  and  boards  of  edu- 
ction. These  ofiices  may,  in  part,  bo  occupied  by  women, 
fhe  larger  towns  have  graded  and  high  schools,  with  in- 

iiruction  in  German  as  well  as  English,  and  in  some  places 
iparate  schools  are  maintained  for  colored  youth.  There 
re  normal  schools  at  Athens,  Cincinnati,  Cleveland,  Day- 
)n,  Defiance,  Fremont,  Wadsworth,  and  Woodville.  Four 
tf  these  are  aided  by  the  state.  There  are  in  the  state  9  or 
bore  universities  (some  of  them  simply  colleges)  and  27 
ther  colleges,  besides  6  colleges  for  women.  Nine  or  more 
If  the  above  colleges  admit  students  of  either  sex.  The 
bats  of  colleges  and  universities  are  Akron,  Athens,  Berea, 
incinnati  (5),  Cleveland,  College  Hill,  Columbus,  Delaware 
|2),  Gambler,  Glendale,  Granville  (2),  Harlem  Springs,  Hi- 
\m,  Iberia,  Marietta,  Mt. Union,  New  Athens,  New  Concord, 
berlin,  Oxford,  Richmond,  Rio  Grande,  Scio,  Springfield, 
yracuse.  Tiffin,  Toledo,  Urbana,  Westcrville,  West  Geneva, 
j'illoughby,  Wilmington,  Wooster,  Xenia  (2),  and  Yellow 
Iprings.  Some  few  of  the  above  are  schools  of  secondary 
jstruction.  The  number  of  academies,  seminaries,  and 
j'ivate,  parochial,  and  conventual  schools  within  the  state 
'.very  large,  and  many  of  them  are  of  high  grade.  There 
e  within  the  state  11  regular  and  other  schools  of  mcdi- 
ne  and  the  kindred  professions,  3  of  law,  12  of  theology, 
iid  4  of  science,  many  of  them  departmental  or  affiliated 
iliools  of  some  university  or  college, 

\Hititory. — This  region  was  French  territory  before  1783, 
,icn  Canada  came  under  British  sway.  In  1787  it  became 
ipart  of  the  Northwest  Territory,  and  in  1788  the  Rev, 
anasseh  Cutler's  party  of  New  Englanders  settled  at  Ma- 
;tta,  the  oldest  town  in  the  state.  The  Indian  wars  were 
;nalized  by  the  defeat  of  Ilarmar  (1791),  the  utter  over- 
fow  of  St.  Clair's  expedition  (1792),  and  the  great  vic- 
7  of  Wayne  (1794).  In  1802  Connecticut  and  Virginia 
led  to  the  United  States  jurisdiction  over  their  reserves 
this  region.  In  1802  the  state  entered  the  Union.  Here 
:!urred,  during  the  war  of  1812-15,  the  battles  of  Lake 
ie  and  Sandusky,  the  defence  of  Fort  Meigs,  and  that  of 
rt  Sandusky  by  Croghan.  The  Michigan  line  was  estab- 
led  and  the  state  received  its  present  limits  in  1836. 
Northern  state  bore  a  more  conspicuous  part  than  Ohio 
iithewar  of  1861-65. 

■'opidation. — Northern  Ohio  was  principally  settled  by  im- 
', 'rants  from  New  England  and  New  York,  and  the  central 
'1  southern  parts  by  natives  of  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania, 
j  ryland,  and  Virginia.  A  colony  of  French  founded  Gal- 
)li8,  and  many  German  and  Scottish  settlers  have  from 
'e  to  time  fixed  their  abodes  in  Ohio.  Pop.  in  1800, 
.^•335  ;  in  1810,  230,760 ;  in  1820,  581,245  ;  in  1830, 937,903; 


I 


1 1840,  1.619,467;  in  1850,  1,980,329  ;  in  1860,  2,339,511 ; 

iii870,  2,665,260;  in  1880,  3,198,062;  in  1890,  .3,672,316. 

■I  8  state  in  1880  ranked  the  third,  and  in  1890  the  fourth, 

Che  states  in  population. 

t  ||)llio,  a  southeastern  county  of  Indiana,   borders  on 


Kentucky,  Area,  90  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  N.W.  by  Laughery  Creek, 
which  enters  that  river  at  the  N.E.  limit  of  this  county. 
The  surface  is  hilly.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn  and 
wheat  are  the  staple  products.  Trenton  limestone  und'er- 
lies  a  large  part  of  this  county.  Capital,  Rising  ■'^un.  Pop. 
in  1870,  5837;  in  1880,  5563;  in  1890,  4955. 

Ohio,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  has  an  area  of  about  610 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  Green  River, 
and  is  intersected  by  Rough  Creek.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating, and  partly  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Tobacco,  maize,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  has  beds  of  bituminous  coal.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Newport  News  <fc  Mississippi  Valley  Railroad  and 
other  railroads.  Capital,  Hartford,  Pop.  in  1870, 15,561 ; 
in  1880,  19,669;  in  1890,  22,946. 

Ohio,  a  northern  county  of  West  Virginia,  borders  on 
Pennsylv.ania,  has  an  area  of  about  120  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  is  drained  by 
Wheeling  Creek,  The  surface  is  hilly.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  wool,  oats,  and  hay  are  the  staple 
products.  Mines  of  bituminous  coal  have  been  opened  in 
this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  <fc  St,  Louis 
Railroad,  the  Ohio  River  Railroad,  the  AV'heeling  &  Elin 
Grove  Railroad,  the  Wheeling  &  Lake  Erie  Railroad,  and 
the  Wheeling  Bridge  Terminal  Railroad,  Capital,  Wheeling. 
Pop,  in  1870,  28,831  ;  in  1880,  37,457;   in  1890,  41,557. 

Ohio,  a  post-village  of  Bureau  co.,  Ill,,  in  Ohio  town- 
ship, and  on  the  Mendota  <fc  Clinton  Railroad,  19  miles  W. 
of  Mendota,  and  47  miles  E.S.E.  of  Clinton,  Iowa.  It  has 
3  churches. 

Ohio,  a  township  of  Bartholomew  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  747. 

Ohio,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1078.  It 
contains  Fredonia. 

Ohio,  a  township  of  Spencer  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  3S43.  It 
contains  Rockport. 

Ohio,  a  township  of  Warrick  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  3290.  It 
contains  Newburg. 

Ohio,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa,  in  Ohio  town- 
ship, about  34  miles  S.S.W.  of  Des  Moines.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  852. 

Ohio,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  541. 
It  contains  Princeton. 

Ohio,  a  township  of  Morris  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  304. 

Ohio,  a  township  of  Saline  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  253.  It 
contains  Bavaria. 

Ohio,  a  township  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  221. 

Ohio,  a  township  of  Mississippi  co..  Mo.     Pop.  632. 

Ohio,  a  post-office  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mo.,  10  miles  E.  of 
Appleton  City. 

Ohio,  a  post-bamlct  in  Ohio  township,  Herkimer  co., 
N,Y,,  about  22  miles  N,E,  of  Utica.  It  has  2  churches. 
The  township  has  a  tannery,  a  cheese-factory,  4  saw-mills, 
and  a  pop.  of  987. 

Ohio,  a  township  of  Clermont  co,,  0.  Pop.  3331.  It 
contains  New  Richmond. 

Ohio,  a  township  of  Gallia  co.,  0.     Pop.  978. 

Ohio,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  0.  Pop.  1801.  It 
contains  Barcsvillo. 

Ohio,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.     Pop.  685. 

Ohio,  a  township  of  Beaver  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1534. 

Ohio  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas,  16 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Wichita. 

Ohio  Grove,  a  township  of  Mercer  co.,  Tlh  Pop.  1125. 

Ohio  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Ottawa  co.,  Kansas. 

Ohio  l*yle,  Pennsylvania.    See  Falls  City. 

Ohio  University,  Ohio.    See  Athens. 

Ohi'oville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  7  miles 
W.  of  Poughkeepsie. 

Ohiovillc,  a  post-h.amlet  in  Ohio  township,  Beaver  co., 
Pa,,  2J  miles  from  Smith's  Ferry  Station,  and  about  3ft 
miles  W,N.W.  of  Pittsburg.     It  h.os  a  church, 

Ohi'oiva,  a  post-village  of  Fillmore  co.,  Neb. 

Ohio  Wesleyan  University,  Ohio.  See  Delawakb. 

Ohivaoa,  Marquesas  Islands.    See  IIivaoa. 

Ohiau,  or  Olau,  o'low,  or  Olawa,  o-lil'\^4,  a  town 
of  Prussian  Silesia,  on  the  railway  to  Vienna,  and  on  the 
Oder,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Breslau.  Pop.  7947.  It  has  a  pal- 
ace, and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths,  paper,  vinegar, 
tobacco,  beer,  and  zinc. 

Ohiman,  ol'man,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co..  111., 
on  the  Indianapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  20  miles  N.E.  of 
Hillsborough. 

Ohis  (olz)  Town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Trumbull  co.,  0., 
on  the  Niles  <fc  New  Lisbon  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Niles. 

Ohomura,  o-ho-moo'r&,  a  town  of  Japan,  island  of 


ono 


2052 


OKA 


Kioo-Sioo,  on  the  E.  si  Jo  of  the  bay  of  tho  same  name.  Lat. 
330  65'  27"  N. !  Ion.  12«<'  66'  K.  Pop.  20,000.  Tho  bay  is 
about  20  inilo*  long  and  14  miles  broad,  but  so  skullow  »a 
to  bo  navi)(able  only  fur  small  oraft. 

Ohuu'pL'c,  a  pu!it-utneo  of  Tatnall  co.,  Qa. 

Ohoo'puo  (or  liircut  Uhuopeo)  lliver»  Georgia, 
rises  in  Washington  co.,  runs  in  a  S.S.E.  direction,  and  en- 
ters tho  Alt4iiuaha  Uivor  in  Tatnall  co.    Length,  130  utiles. 

Ohra,  o'rA,,  a  S.  suburb  of  Dantzic,  Prussia.    Pop.  5105. 

Olirdriitl',  oii'diootl",  a  fortiliod  town  of  Germany,  duoliy 
of  Saxo-Coburg,  8  miles  S.  of  Gotha.  Pop.  55G2.  It  has 
a  palace,  a  lyoeum,  manufactures  of  linen  and  woollen  stuffs 
■nd  poroelain,  and  trade  in  timber  and  cattle.  In  the 
vicinity  are  iron  and  ooppor  forges  and  mines. 

OhrCt  o'r^h,  a  river  of  Germany,  joins  the  Elbe  13 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Mngdeburg,  after  an  \i.  course  of  G5  miles. 

t)hringcn«  oii'lng-^n,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  li  miles 
by  rail  E.N.E.  of  lioilbronn.     Pop.  3538. 

Oiatf  or  Ojat,  o-y&t',  a  river  of  llussia,  rises  on  the 
frontiers  of  the  governments  of  Novgorod  and  Olonetz,  flows 
W.N.W.,  and  joins  the  Svcer  9  miles  above  its  mouth,  in  the 
£.  shore  of  Lake  Ladoga.     Length,  100  miles. 

Oich,  Loch,  Scotland.    See  Loch  Oich. 

Oigiiies,  w&u'yeo',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and 
82  miles  S.S.W.  of  Namur.     Pop.  1740. 

Oignon,  win*y6K»',  or  Ogiion,  bn^yby',  a  river  of 
France,  between  the  departments  of  llaute-Saono  and 
Doubs,  joins  the  Suc^ne  9  miles  N.  of  Auxonne,  after  a 
W.S.W.  course  of  80  miles. 

Oil,  a  township  of  Perry  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1440. 

Oil  City,  a  post-hamlct  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas,  7  miles 
from  El  Dorado.     It  has  a  coal-mine  and  an  oil-well. 

Oil  CitVt  a  city  of  Venango  co..  Pa.,  is  situated  on  tho 
Alleghany  Kiver,  at  the  mouth  of  Oil  Creek,  8  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Eranklin,  28  miles  E.S.E.  of  Meadville,  and  18  miles  S. 
of  Titus ville.  It  is  connected  with  Pittsburg  (132  miles 
distant)  by  tho  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  is  on  the  Oil 
Creek  &  Alleghany  Kivcr  Railroad,  and  is  a  terminus  of 
tho  Franklin  Branch  of  tho  Atlantic  &  Great  AVestern  Rail- 
road and  of  the  Franklin  division  of  the  Lake  Shore  & 
Llicbigan  Southern  Railroad.  The  residences  are  mostly 
built  on  a  high  bluff,  between  which  and  the  river  is  a 
narrow  space  occupied  by  business  houses.  Oil  City  is  a 
principal  oil  market  in  the  Pennsylvania  oil  regions,  im- 
mense quantities  of  this  commodity  being  bought  and  sold 
here,  which  were  formerly  shipped  to  Pittsburg  by  steam- 
boats, but  are  now  carried  hence  by  railroads.  The  city 
contains  12  churches,  3  public  schools,  6  banks  and  bank- 
ing-oDSces,  a  hotel,  2  oil-refineries,  a  manufactory  of  engines 
and  boilers,  a  large  barrel-factory,  and  a  printing-offlce 
which  issues  1  daily  and  1  weekly  newspaper.  Tho  river 
divides  the  city  into  two  parts,  which  are  connected  by  a 

rassenger  bridge  1150  feet  long,  and  by  a  railroad  bridge. 
n  tho  environs  of  Oil  City  is  a  hill  called  Clark's  Summit, 
which  commands  a  beautiful  view.  The  passenger  and 
freight  cars  of  one  of  the  railroads  are  drawn  over  this  hill 
by  a  stationary  engine,  and  on  an  inclined  plane  2200  feet 
long.  Oil  City  was  incorporated  as  a  borough  in  1862,  and 
as  a  city  in  1870.     Pop.  in  1880,  7315;  in  1890,  10,932. 

Oil  City,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  Wis.,  in  Sheldon 
township,  on  the  Kickapoo  River,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Sparta. 
It  has  water-power,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Oil  Creek,  Colorado,  rises  near  Pike's  Peak,  in  El 
Paso  CO.,  runs  nearly  southwestward,  and  enters  the  Arkan- 
sas River  at  Canon  City,  in  Fremont  co.  In  the  valley  of 
Oil  Creek,  in  the  foot-hills  of  the  mountains,  are  oil-springs. 

Oil  Creek,  of  Perry  co.,  Ind.,  flows  into  tho  Ohio  10 
miles  above  Rome. 

-  Oil  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  drains  the  eastern  part  of 
Crawford  co.,  runs  southward  in  Venango  co.,  and  enters 
the  Alleghany  River  at  Oil  City.  It  is  nearly  50  miles 
long.  It  traverses  one  of  the  most  productive  oil  regions 
of  the  United  States.  The  oil  (petroleum)  is  obtained  by 
boring  deeply  into  strata  of  sandstone  and  shale.  Tho 
largest  town  on  its  bank  is  Titusville. 

Oil  Creek,  a  hamlet  of  Perry  co.,  Ind.,  about  22  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Cannelton. 

Oil  Creek,  a  post-borough  in  Oil  Creek  township, 
Crawford  co..  Pa.,  on  the  creek  of  the  same  name,  and  on 
the  Pittsburg,  Titusville  &  Buffalo  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of 
Titusville,  and  about  24  miles  E.  of  Meadville.  Petroleum 
is  found  near  this  place.  It  has  a  public  ball,  and  manu- 
factures of  lumber,  sash,  wagons,  Ac.  Pop.  428;  of  the 
township,  exclusive  of  Titusville,  2041.  The  railroad  sta- 
tion in  Oil  Creek  borough  is  called  Hydetown. 

Oil  Creek,  a  township  of  Venango  co..  Pa.     P.  5098. 

Oil  Creek,  Ontario.    See  Copleston. 


Oil  Mill  Villngc,  a  post-hamlct  in  Wcnro  township, 
Hillsborough  00.,  N.ll.,  on  the  Manchester  A  North  Wenie 
Railroad,  11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Manchester.  It  has  a  lum- 
ber-mill. 

Oil  Spring,  a  post-ofiico  of  Johnson  co.,  Ky. 

Oil  Springs,  a  post-village  in  Lambton  co.,  Ontario, 
on  Black  Creek,  6  miles  S.  of  Petrolia.  This  plnce  ytu  a 
few  years  ago  tho  scene  of  considerable  business.  As  mnnT 
as  36  oil-wells  were  opened ;  and  a  few  are  still  opcruu  i 
The  village  contulns  a  hotel  and  6  stores.     Pop.  360. 

Oil  Trough,  troff,  a  post-hamlct  of  Independence  c  .., 
Ark.,  on  White  River,  about  15  miles  below  Batesvillc.  it 
has  2  churches. 

Oil'villc,  a  post-oflioo  of  Goochland  co.,  Va. 

Oira,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Okia. 

Oiriyah,  oi-ree'y4,  or  Auraya,  aw-ri'y4,  a  town  of 
India,  district  and  35  miles  E.S.E.  of  Etawnh.     Pop.  0450. 

Oirschot,  oin'sKOt,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
North  Brabant,  13  miles  S.  of  Bois-le-Duo.     Pop.  3960. 

Oise,  w4z,  almost  wize  (anc.  Isarat),  a  river  of  France, 
rises  by  two  streams,  ono  near  Chimay,  in  Belgium,  and 
the  other  near  Rocroy,  France.  It  flows  S.W.,  and  joins 
tho  Seine  on  the  right  above  Conflans.  Length,  158  miles, 
Affluents,  on  the  left  the  Ain,  on  the  right  the  ThCraln. 

Oise,  a  department  of  France,  in  the  N.K.,  formed 
of  the  old  provinces  of  Ile-de-France  and  Picardy.  Area, 
2218  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1891,  401,835.  It  lies  in  the 
basin  of  the  Seine,  and  is  watered  by  the  Oi.so  and  Its  afliii- 
cnts  the  Ain  and  Th6rain ;  the  Epto  on  tho  W.  ecp.imtei 
it  from  the  department  of  Euro,  and  the  Ourcq  traverses  it 
in  the  S.E.  Surface  generally  level.  Agriculture  is  in  s 
very  advanced  state.  Chief  products,  cereal  grain,  flax, 
fruits,  and  hemp.  Wine  of  inferior  quality  is  made,  nnil 
cider  and  beer  are  estenivoly  used.  The  dcpnrimcnt 
contains  several  large  forests,  the  largest  bcini?  that  of 
Compi5gne.  Cattle  and  sheep  are  numerous.  The  princi 
pal  manufactures  are  woollen  goods,  carpets,  linens,  calico, 
paper,  leather,  crockery,  and  lace.     Capital,  Bcauvais. 

Oissel-sur-Seine,  wis^sfil'  siiii  s4n,  a  village  of 
France,  in  Seine-Inf6rieure,  on  the  Paris  &  Havre  Uailway, 
8  miles  S.  of  Rouen.     Pop.  3405. 

Oisterwijk,  or  Oisterwyk,  ois't^r-wik*,  a  market- 
town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant,  10  miles  S.W, 
of  Bois-le-Duc.     Pop.  2258. 

Oisy,  wi'zee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Pas-de-Calais,  17 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Arras.     Pop.  2238. 

Oits  Mitsoo  (or  Mitsu),  oits  mit-soo',  or  Biwako^ 
be-w&'ko,  a  great  lake  of  Japan,  island  of  Hondo.  It  is  sitU' 
ated  about  10  miles  E.  of  Kioto,  and  is  said  to  have  bees 
formed  in  one  night,  in  285  B.C.,  by  an  enormous  dcpreBsioc 
of  tho  ground,  which  occurred  simultaneously  with  the  up' 
heaving  of  the  mountain  Foosee.  It  is  said  to  measuri 
about  70  miles  from  S.  to  N.,  and  21  miles  from  E.  to  W, 

OJalava,  o-yi-li'vi,  or  Oyolava,  o-yo-li'vi,  ono  of 
the  Samoan  Islands,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Lat.  14°  2'  40''' 
S.;  Ion.  171°  22'  W. 

Ojat,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Oiat. 

Ojen,  or  Oxen,  o-nSn',  a  village  of  Spain,  provinwj 
and  28  miles  W.S.W.  of  Malaga.     Pop.  1810. 

Ojyarcs,  or  Oxixarcs,  o-He-H(l'r6s,  the  name  of  tw< 
villages  of  Spain,  S.W.  of  Granada,  on  the  Genii. 

Ojinaga,  or  Villa  de  Ojinaga,  veel'yi  di  o-nec 
ni'gi,  formerly  Presidio  del  Norte,  pri-see'de-o  del 
nor'ti,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Chihuahua,  on  the  RI<| 
Grande,  a  few  miles  below  Presidio,  Tex.,  and  at  the  moutl 
of  the  Rio  Conchas.  It  has  a  church,  a  custom-house 
hot  spring,  and  an  unwrought  silver-mine.  It  Is  the  ec 
of  an  active  export  and  import  trade.     Pop.  3000. 

Ojo  Caliente,  o'ho  kA,-le-fin'ti,  a  post-village  of  Rid 
Arriba  co..  New  Mexico,  about  50  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Santi] 
F6.  It  has  a  church,  and  numerous  hot  springs  which  an 
reputed  to  have  medicinal  virtue. 

O.  K.,  a  post-hamlet  and  landing  of  Tunica  co.,  Mi»'' 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  12  miles  from  Helena,  Ark.,  at 
70  miles  below  Memphis.     Much  cotton  is  shipped  here. 

Oka,  o'ki,  an  important  river  of  Central  Kussla,  rifc: 
about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Orel,  flows  through  the  govcrnmenH 
of  Toola,  Kalooga,  Moscow,  Riazan,  Vladimcer,  and  Nizhi 
nee-Novgorod,  and  joins  the  Volga  at  NIzhneo-Novgoro'l 
after  a  course  of  650  miles.  It  receives  the  Oopa,  Zhizdi: 
( Jizdra),  Moskva,  Zna,  and  Kliazma  Rivers.  Though  r8[iiii 
it  is  navigable  for  almost  its  whole  course,  and  at  Toola  1 
is  connected  with  the  Don  by  the  Ivanovska  Canal.      _ 

Oka,  a  river  of  Siberia,  government  of  Irkootsk,  join 
the  Angara  at  Bratzkoi.     Course  N.,  500  miles. 

O'ka,  formerly  Lake  of  Two  Mountains,  an  In 
dian  village  in  the  eo.  of  Two  Mountains,  Quebec,  situate 


OKA 


^2053 


OLA 


on  Lake  of  Two  Mountains,  an  expansion  of  the  Ottawa 
River,  36  miles  from  Montreal.     Pop.  1150. 

O^kabe'na  Lake,  Minnesota,  is  in  Nobles  co.,  about 

b  miles  from  the  S.  boundary  of  the  state.     It  is  nearly  8 

miles  long. 

O'kachee'da,  a  township  of  Murray  co.,  Minn.  P.  116. 

O'kahay  Creek,  Mississippi,  rises  in  Smith  co.,  runs 

southward,  and  enters  Leaf  River  in  Covington  co. 

Ok'aman,  a  post-village  of  Waseca  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Janesville  township,  on  a  small  lake,  about  20  miles  E.  of 
Mankato.  It  has  a  privato  bank  and  a  flouring-mill.  There 
are  20  lakes  within  10  miles  of  this  place. 

Okamundel,  or  Okhaiiiundel,  o-ki-miln'ddl,  a  dis- 
trict of  India,  forming  the  W.  part  of  Kattywar.  It  is 
nearly  insulated  by  the  sea  and  by  marshes,  and  is  a  very 
barren  district.     Area,  334  square  miles.     Pop.  12,590. 

Okaiida,  o-kin'di,  a  town  of  Japan,  island  of  Hondo, 
50  miles  E.N.E.  of  Tokio. 

Okan'ogan,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Washington, 
pordering  on  British  Columbia,  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the 
Cascade  Mountains,  on  the  S.  by  the  Wenacheo  River,  and 
an  the  S.E.  by  the  Columbia  lliver.  It  is  intersected  from 
K.to  S.  by  the  Okanogan  River.  Its  surface,  which  in  the 
central  and  western  parts  is  hilly,  is  well  watered.  Lake 
Chelan  is  situated  in  the  southern  portion  of  this  county, 
^rea,  7258  square  miles.  Capital,  Conoonully.  Pop.  in 
1S9«,  1467. 

Okanogan  (or  Okanagon)  River  rises  in  British 
Columbia,  in  a  lake  of  its  own  name,  runs  soutliward  into 
jiVashington,  and  enters  the  Columbia  River  near  lat.  48° 
i^'  N.  It  is  about  300  miles  long.  The  lake  is  about  60 
piles  long,  and  is  comparatively  narrow.  This  river  is 
•emarkable  for  its  fluviatile  lakes. 
Okanoxubee  River,  Miss.  See  Noxubee  River. 
Okasaki,  o-ki-s3.'lcee,  a  town  of  Japan,  on  a  river  near 
be  Gulf  of  Ovari,  132  miles  S.AV.  of  Tokio. 

O'kaw,  a  station  in  Riindolph  co..  111.,  on  the  Cairo  & 
it,  Louis  Railroad,  44  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Louis. 
i  O'kawville,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co..  111.,  on 
Jhe  St.  Louis  <k  Southeastern  Railroad,  40  miles  E.S.E.  of 
pt.  Louis,  Mo.  It  is  almost  contiguous  to  Bridgeport,  and 
pas  Z  churches,  a  flour-mill,  &o.  Pop.  in  1890,  472. 
I  O'Kean,  o-keen',  a  post-oflSce  and  station  of  Ran- 
dolph CO.,  Ark.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern 
jlailroad,  22J  miles  S.S.W.  of  Corning. 

Okea'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co.,  0.,  about  13 
piles  W.S.AV.  of  Ilamilton.  It  has  a  church. 
1  Okecho'bee,  or  Okeecho'bee,  a  lake  in  the  S. 
art  of  Florida,  is  partly  included  in  Brevard  and  Dade 
OS.  It  is  about  40  miles  long  and  25  miles  wide.  Its 
jreatest  depth  is  about  20  feet. 

[  Okee',  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co..  Wis.,  is  2  miles 
rem  the  AVisconsin  lliver,  and  is  on  the  Chicago  <fc  North- 
'estern  Railroad,  24  miles  N.N.W.  of  Madison.  It  has  a 
rist-mill,  a  planing-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 
Okee'clie  Creek,  of  Alabama,  flows  eastward  through 
iumter  co.  into  the  Tombigbee. 

i  O  Keer,  o  kaiR,  or  AJt-Keer,  ilt-kain,  a  village  of 
[[ungary,  co.  of  Bacs.     Pop.  3447. 

j  Okefino'kee  (or  Okcfono'ko)  Swamp,  Georgia, 
in  extensive  swampy  tract,  mostly  included  in  the  cos.  of 
|harIton  and  Ware.  It  touches  the  N.  border  of  Florida, 
jt  is  infested  with  alligators,  and  partly  overgrown  with 
mes,  weeds,  and  bushes,  but  is  in  other  parts  a  marshy 
irest,  with  islands  of  hard  ground,  and  many  lakes  and 
•irairien  trcynhlantes. 
O'kemos,  a  post-village  in  Meridian  township,  Ingham 
).,  Mich.,  on  Red  Cedar  River,  and  on  the  Detroit,  Lan- 
,ng  &  Northern  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Lansing.  It  has 
.churches,  a  graded  school,  2  steam  saw-mills,  and  a  flour- 
|ig-mill.  Pop.  about  250. 
j  Oker,  a  river  of  Germany.  See  Ocker. 
J  Oke'to,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
^ig  Blue  River,  10  miles  N.  of  Marysville.  It  has  a  flour- 
lill  and  a  saw-mill. 

i  Okewal'kee  Creek,  of  Georgia,  enters  the  Oconee 
;om  the  right  in  Montgomery  co. 

i  Okhansk,  or  Ochansk,  o-Klnsk',  a  town  of  Russia, 
!,'  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Perm,  on  the  Kama.  Pop.  1633. 
I  Okhota,  o-Ko'ta.,  a  river  of  Siberia,  in  the  district  of 
jkhotsk,  after  a  S.  course  of  about  200  miles  from  the 
j  anovoi  Mountains,  enters  the  Sea  of  Okhotsk  at  Okhotsk. 
j  Ok'hotsk',  a  maritime  town  of  Siberia,  government  of 
.rimorsk,  on  the  Sea  of  Okhotsk.  Lat.  59°  20'  N. ;  Ion. 
■3°  14'  E.  It  has  declined,  but  it  contains  a  government 
|)U8e,  an  admiralty  hospital,  and  large  storehouses.  P.  210. 
Okhotsk,  Sea  op,  or  More  Okhotskoe,  mo'ri'  o- 


lb 


Kot'sko-i\  an  inlet  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  between  lat.  51" 
and  60°  N.  and  Ion.  137°  and  155°  E.,  having  E.  Kam- 
chatka, and  W.  the  island  of  Saghalin  and  Eastern  Siberia. 
It  receives  the  waters  of  the  Amoor  and  many  smaller 
rivers,  and  at  its  N.E.  end  are  the  Gulfs  of  Jijiginsk  and 
Penjinsk. 

Oklirida,  a  town  of  Albania.    See  Ochrida. 

Okhtn,  or  Ochta,  oK'ti,  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment and  1  mile  E.  of  St.  Petersburg,  on  the  Neva.  Its 
people  are  mostly  employed  in  the  dock-yards  of  St.  Peters- 
burg, and  in  powder-mills  and  imperial  cannon-foundries. 

Oki,  o'kee,  an  island  of  Japan,  ofif  the  W.  coast  of 
Hondo.  Lat.  36°  10'  N.;  Ion.  133°  E.  Length,  10  miles, 
by  5  miles  in  breadth. 

Okinakaue  River.    See  Okanogan  River. 

Ok'kak,  or  O'kak,  a  port  and  Moravian  mission-sta- 
tion of  Labrador,  120  miles  N.W.  of  Nain.     Pop.  349. 

Okladnikovo,  or  Okladnikowo,  ok-l&d-ne-ko'vo, 
a  lake  of  Russia,  government  of  Archangel,  40  miles  E.  of 
Mezen.     Length,  30  miles  j  breadth,  9  miles. 

Oklahoma,  ok-lah-ho'mah,  a  territory  of  the  United 
States,  bounded  (including  the  Cherokee  Strip)  N.  by  Kan- 
sas and  Colorado,  E.  by  Indian  Territory,  S.  by  Texas,  and 
W.  by  Texas  and  New  Mexico.  As  at  present  constituted, 
the  territory  consists  of  two  detached  sections.  One  con- 
tains all  the  land  which  was  formerly  comprised  in  the 
western  part  of  Indian  Territory,  except  the  strip  lying 
between  the  parallels  36°  10'  and  37°  N.,  which  is  known 
as  the  "  Cherokee  Outlet."  The  second  portion  is  the  strip 
lying  between  the  meridians  100°  and  103°  W.  from  Green- 
wich, and  bounded  N.  by  Kansas  and  Colorado,  and  S.  by 
the  Texas  panhandle.  This  section,  formerly  known  as  the 
Public  Land  Strip,  or  '' No-Man's-Land,"  was  ceded  to  the 
United  States  by  Texas  in  1850,  but  in  fixing  the  bounda- 
ries during  the  territorial  legislation  which  followed,  this 
strip  was  left  out,  and  for  forty  years  was  without  a  name 
and  without  law,  though  it  was  often  erroneously  repre- 
sented on  the  maps  as  forming  a  part  of  Indian  Territory. 
The  Cherokee  Strip  thus  lies  between  the  two  sections,  and 
will  eventually  become  part  of  the  territory.  The  area 
(including  the  Cherokee  Outlet)  is  39,030  square  miles. 

Surface. — The  narrow  strip  lying  N.  of  Texas  is  gener- 
ally reported  as  an  arid  plateau  region,  which  in  the  dry 
summer  season  is  often  covered  with  saline  eflSorescence, 
but  accounts  differ,  and  the  river  valleys  are  said  to  be 
fertile,  and  the  land  generally  well  adapted  to  stock-raising. 
The  highest  land  is  in  the  N.W.,  with  a  gradual  slope 
towards  the  S.  and  S.E.  On  the  rolling  plains  there  are 
few  trees,  and  the  streams  have  in  many  eases  cut  deep 
canons  below  the  general  level.  In  the  S.  between  the 
Canadian  and  the  Red  Rivers  are  the  Wichita  Mountains, 
of  considerable  elevation.  They  are  continuous  with  the 
hills  in  Indian  Territory,  and  serve  as  a  sort  of  connecting 
link  between  the  Ozark  Alountains  of  Arkansas  and  Mis- 
souri and  the  Rocky  Mountains,  which  are  regarded  as 
geologically  coeval  with  them. 

Climate. — The  climate  is  mild  and  generally  healthful, 
though  in  the  S.W.  there  are  tracts  of  marshy  land  where 
fevers  are  prevalent.  The  rainfall  is  light,  though  slightly 
greater  than  that  of  Western  Kansas.  There  is,  however, 
a  liability  to  droughts,  and  the  country  is  subject  to  dust, 
high  winds,  and  "Northers"  or  cold  wind-storms  from  the 
north  which  develop  rapidly  and  often  prevail  for  a  day 
or  two  at  a  time.  Much  of  the  water  is  alkaline  or  salty 
and  unfit  for  drinking. 

Geology. — The  western  portion  of  the  territory  belongs 
to  the  cretaceous  and  Jura-trias  periods,  and  the  E.  is 
mostly  of  Permo-carboniferous  formation.  In  the  W.  and 
N.W.  there  are  extensive  deposits  of  gypsum  and  salt. 

Rivers. — The  important  streams  are  the  Cimarron,  Cana- 
dian, and  other  branches  of  the  Arkansas  River  in  the 
northern  and  central  portions,  and  the  Red  River  with  its 
afiluents  which  drain  the  southern  section.  Many  of  these 
streams  are  nearly  or  wholly  waterless  in  summer. 

History  and  Government. — From  the  days  of  the  early 
Spaniards  in  the  17th  century,  glowing  accounts  have 
been  given  of  the  wonderful  fertility  of  this  region,  but  as 
a  matter  of  fact,  it  contains  only  fair  farming  and  grazing 
land,  with  tracts  in  the  lowlands  along  the  streams  which 
are  really  productive.  As  a  whole  it  resembles  the  sur- 
rounding country  in  Kansas  and  Texas,  and  is,  like  those 
sections,  apt  to  sufi"er  from  droughts.  Oklahoma,  an  Indian 
word  for  "beautiful  land,"  was  the  name  given  to  the 
western  part  of  Indian  Territory  ceded  by  the  Indians  to 
the  United  States  in  1866.  The  treaties  under  which  these 
lands  were  released  stipulated  that  they  were  to  be  used  by 
the  government  for  the  settlement  of  other  Indian  tribes 


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or  freedinen,  but  were  not  to  be  open  to  whites.  From 
time  to  time  after  thi«  oc»sion,  various  tribe§  wore  located 
in  different  parts  of  this  region,  but  much  of  the  land 
nmainod  unoccupied.  The  Icnowlcdge  uf  the  fact  that 
lorgo  areas  were  owned  by  the  government  and  were  lying 
idle  stimuliitod  speouinturs  and  adventurers  in  the  sur- 
rounding states  with  a  desire  to  possess  the  land.  They 
Utterly  (lisreganled  or  clnimotl  to  be  ignorant  of  the  specific 
Btipuhitiuns  as  to  the  character  of  the  inhabitants.  In 
187tf  letters  were  published  and  circulated  in  Kansas,  Ar- 
kansas, Missouri,  and  Texas  declaring  the  lands  open  to 
settlement  by  citizens  of  the  United  States  under  the 
homestead  laws,  and  organised  efforts  were  made  to  ac- 
quire |)0!>se88ion  of  the  hind.  Under  the  guidance  of  ener- 
getic and  perhaps  unprincipled  leaders  parties  of  so-cniicd 
"boomers"  entered  the  territory  with  the  intention  of 
securing  homes,  and  fully  prepared  with  appliances  for 
permanent  settlement.  On  April  26,  1879,  and  again  in 
February,  1880,  President  Hayes  issued  proclamations  for- 
bidding the  attempt  and  ordering  the  removal  of  the  in- 
truders by  military  force  if  necessary.  There  was  no  penalty 
for  the  offence  except  a  fine  of  $1000,  which  had  to  bo  ob- 
tained as  the  result  of  a  suit,  and  though  some  of  the 
leaders  were  repeatedly  arrested,  they  were  never  con- 
victed, and  were  released  only  to  return  after  each  repulse 
with  a  band  of  followers  greatly  increased  in  numbers. 
They  are  said  to  have  received  large  sums  of  money  in  fees 
from  actual  settlers,  and  by  the  sale  of  claims  to  others 
who  did  not  enter  the  territory.  Subsequently,  in  1 884,  the 
boomers  became  as  aggressive  as  ever,  and  in  December  of 
that  year  an  armed  body  of  men  bid  defiance  to  the  United 
States  troops.  They  were,  however,  obliged  to  surrender 
in  January,  1885.  In  the  following  March,  Congress 
authorized  the  President  to  open  negotiations  with  the 
Creeks,  Seminoles,  and  Cherokees,  for  the  purpose  of  open- 
ing the  unassigned  lands  to  settlement  by  the  whites.  At 
the  Slime  time.  President  Cleveland  issued  a  proclamation, 
stating  the  intention  of  the  government  to  maintain  the 
integrity  of  the  treaties  with  the  Indians,  but  the  invasions 
still  continued.  Early  in  1889,  arrangements  were  con- 
cluded with  the  Creeks  and  Seminoles,  by  which,  in  con- 
sideration of  the  payment  by  the  government  of  ?4,193,- 
799.12,  the  clause  forbidding  settlement  by  white  citizens 
on  the  lands  ceded  by  them  in  1866  was  cancelled.  The 
area  which  thus  became  the  absolute  property  of  the  gov- 
ernment amounted  to  5.439,865  acres.  Owing  largely  to 
the  interference  of  speculators,  the  Cherokees  have  not  yet 
accepted  the  terms  offered  by  the  government,  and  the  land 
ceded  by  them  still  remains  under  the  restriction  of  the 
original  treaty,  but  whenever  a  satisfactory  settlement  is 
concluded,  the  Cherokee  Outlet  will  become  a  part  of  the 
territory.  On  March  27,  1 889,  President  Harrison  issued 
a  proclamation  defining  the  boundaries  of  a  portion  of  the 
recently-acquired  land,  which  was  opened  for  settlement  on 
April  22.  The  creation  of  a  new  district  with  a  population 
of  50,000  persons,  in  a  single  day,  was  a  novelty  even  in 
the  history  of  the  rapid  development  of  the  West.  Yet 
such  was  what  occurred.  Lines  of  wagons  miles  in  extent, 
persons  on  foot  and  on  horseback,  as  well  as  several  thou- 
sand brought  by  railroad,  crossed  the  borders  and  chose 
sites  for  future  homes.  In  many  instances  colonies  had 
been  formed,  outfits  for  towns  were  already  prepared,  and 
portable  houses  were  in  many  cases  erected  before  night- 
fall. The  prevalence  of  dust  and  the  scarcity  of  water, 
however,  created  much  suffering.  There  was  for  some  time 
no  form  of  local  government,  and  the  new  community  was 
subject  only  to  federal  authority.  A  month  after  the  open- 
ing day,  a  convention  was  called  at  Guthrie  to  take  steps 
towards  providing  a  provisional  code.  This  was  followed 
by  another  meeting  at  Fresno,  but  owing  to  the  rivalry 
between  Guthrie  and  Oklahoma  City,  each  of  which  was 
urged  by  the  local  politicians  as  the  most  desirable  place 
for  the  capital,  there  was  no  harmony  of  action.  President 
Harrison  signed  a  bill  on  May  2,  1890,  creating  Oklahoma 
Territory  with  its  present  limits,  and  appointing  a  gov- 
ernor, chief  justice,  two  associate  justices,  a  United  States 
attorney,  and  a  United  States  marshal,  and  also  making 
provision  for  the  election  of  a  legislature  by  the  people. 
While  Oklahoma  was  subject  to  the  invasions  of  the 
boomers,  settlers  had  gradually  taken  up  their  abode  in 
No-Man's- Land,  but  owing  to  the  character  of  the  country 
and  the  lack  of  protection  offered  in  a  region  having  no 
law,  immigrants  were  very  cautious  about  selecting  the 
region  as  a  home.  Those  who  had  been  adventurous 
enough  to  hazard  the  experiment  formed  a  provisional 
government  in  1 887,  and  sent  a  delegate  to  Congress,  asking 
that  the  Public  Land  Strip  might   be  organized  into  a 


territory  with  the  name  of  Cimarron.  A  bill  to  thus  create 
the  territory  failed  in  the  4Uth  Congress,  and  a  fcoond  bill 
was  referred  in  the  60th  Congress  to  the  committee  cm 
territories,  but  when  Oklahoma  was  formed,  this  section 
was  made  one  of  the  counties  of  the  new  territory.  At  tlie 
first  meeting  of  the  legislature  a  code  of  laws  was  estali- 
lished,  including  school  laws,  and  provision  was  made  for 
an  agricultural  college  and  a  normal  school.  Owing  to  tlie 
failure  of  the  crops  during  the  first  season,  the  governor 
was  obliged  to  appeal  to  Congress  for  aid.  Assistance  wns 
also  rendered  to  the  farmers  by  the  Santa  ¥6  and  Hock 
Island  Railroad  Companies,  who  loaned  25,000  buxhels  of 
seed  wheat  without  interest.  In  September,  1 891,  the  land 
acquired  from  the  Sacs  and  Foxes,  the  lowas,  and  Potla- 
watomies  was  thrown  open  for  settlement. 

Political  DIviaioiii  and  Population. — There  are  sercn 
counties, — Heaver,  Canadian,  Cleveland,  Kingfis-her,  Logiin 
Oklahoma,  and  Payne,  besides  Greer  County,  situated  be- 
tween the  forks  of  the  Ked  River,  and  claimed  by  Texiis. 
The  population  in  1890  was  61,834,  and  the  princiiiid 
towns  are  Oklahoma  City  (4151),  Guthrie,  the  capital 
(2788),  East  Guthrie  (2141),  and  Kingfisher  (1 134.) 

Okmiil'kee,  a  post-village  of  the  Creek  Nation,  Indi  m 
Territory,  is  44  miles  W.  of  Muskogee.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  public  school. 

Okna,  ok'ni,  a  town  of  Roumania,  in  Moldavia,  on  tho 
Tatros,  75  miles  S.W.  of  Yassy.     Pop.  3840. 

Okna^  a  small  town  of  Roumania,  in  Wallachia,  N.E, 
of  Catnpina. 

Okna^Mare,  ok'ni-mi'ri,  a  town  of  Roumania,  5 
miles  S.W.  of  Rimnik.     Pop.  8640. 

Okoboji  (o-ko-bo'je)  Lake,  East  and  West,  two  lakes 
in  the  N.  central  part  of  Dickinson  co.,  Iowa.  The  village 
of  Spirit  Lake  is  on  the  shore  of  East  Okoboji  Lake. 

Okolo'na,  a  post-village  of  Clark  co..  Ark.,  22  miles 
S.W.  of  Arkadc'lphia.  It  has  4  churches,  an  academy,  a 
flour-mill,  and  6  stores.     Pop.  150. 

Okolona,  a  post-village  of  Chickasaw  co.,  Miss.,  on  the 
Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  68  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Corinth,  and 
about  45  miles  N.N.W.  of  Columbus.  It  hsis  4  churches,  2 
newspaper  offices,  a  male  academy,  a  female  institute,  nnJ 
2  banks.     Pop.  in  1890,  2099. 

Okoioni^,  a  post-haralet  in  Napoleon  township,  Henry 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  41  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Toledo. 

Okolona,  a  post-office  of  Kershaw  co.,  8.C. 

Okolona,  a  post-ofiicc  of  Carter  co.,  Tenn. 

Okonagan  River.    See  Okanoga.n  Rivkr. 

01<ono'ko,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hampshire  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  21  miles  S.K.  of  Cum- 
berland, Md.     It  has  about  10  houses. 

Oko8cer,  or  Oltosir,  o'ko-seer',  a  small  island  of 
Japan,  W.  of  Yesso.     Lat.  42°  4'  N. ;  Ion.  139°  24'  E. 

Oktibbclia,  ok-tib'be-haw,  a  small  river  of  .Mississippi, 
rises  near  the  S.  border  of  Pontotoc  co.,  runs  southeastward 
through  the  cos.  of  Chickasaw  and  Clay,  and  enters  the 
Tombigbee  River  about  6  miles  above  Columbus. 

Oktibbetia,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  Mis- 
sissippi, has  an  area  of  about  460  square  miles.  It  ii 
drained  by  the  Oktibbeha  and  Noxubee  Rivers.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  li 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  maize,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  and  the  Mobile  it  Ohio  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Starkville.  Pop.  in  1870, 14,891 ;  in  1880, 
15,978;  in  1890,  17,694. 

Oli'toc,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oktibbeha  co..  Miss.,  11  miles 
W.  of  Crawfordsville.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

O'la,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lucas  co.,  Iowa,  about  .32  miles 
S.W.  of  Oskaloosa.     It  has  2  churches. 

Ola'inon,  a  post-hamlet  in  Greenbush  township,  Pe- 
nobscot CO.,  Me.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Penobscot  River, and 
on  the  Euro'jean  &  North  American  Railroad,  27  miles  N.l 
by  E.  of  E..ngor.  It  has  manufactures  of  liiiubcr,  fisb- 
barrels,  and  staves. 

Olancha,  olan'sha,  a  post-office  of  Inyo  co.,  Cal.,  oni 
Owen  Lake,  42  miles  S.  of  Independence. 

d'land,  or  Oeland,  o'l4nf,  an  island  of  Sweden,  near! 
its  S.E.  extremity  in  the  Baltic,  separated  from  the  main- 
land by  Kalmar  Sound.  Length,  85  miles ;  avcnige  breadth, 
7  miles.  Area,  608  square  miles.  Pop.  33,000.  Fi.-hin;,' 
and  navigation  form  the  chief  occupations  of  its  inhabi- 
tants, but  about  300  hands  are  employed  in  an  aluni-mine, 
the  most  important  in  Scandinavia.  Principal  town,  IJorg- 
holin,  the  capital,  on  its  E.  side. 

diand,  or  Little  Olaiid,  an  island  of  Prussia,  in 
Sleswick,  between  the  mainland  and  the  island  of  F8hr. 


OLA 


2055 


OLD 


'  oinnd  Islands,  Gulf  of  Bothnia.  Seo  Aland  Islands. 

Olargues,  oMang',  n  town  of  France,  in  IlSrault,  11 
miles  N.E.  of  Saint-Pons,  on  the  Jaur.     Pop.  1017. 

OInrio,  an  island  of  France.     See  Oleron. 

Olathe,  o-lii'the,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Johnson  co., 
Kansas,  in  Olathe  township,  27  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lawrence, 
'21  miles  S.W.  of  Kansas  City,  and  about  32  miles  S.  of 
I  Leavenworth.  It  is  on  the  Missouri  River,  Fort  Scott  &, 
tQulf  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  St.  Louis,  Lawrence 
U  Western  Railroad.  It  contains  a  court-house,  6  churches, 
4  newspaper  offices,  a  national  bank,  an  asylum  for  the  deaf 
and  dumb,  a  high  school,  a  savings-bank,  and  a  commer- 
Lial  college.  It  was  incorporated  as  a  city  in  1871.  Pop. 
"in  1890,  ;i294  ;  of  the  township,  additional,  1495. 

Ulau,  or  Olawa,  Prussia.    See  Ohlau. 

O'laville,  a  post-office  of  Limestone  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Tennessee  River,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Athens. 

Olbernhan,  orbern-how\  a  town  of  Saxony,  22  miles 
3.E.  of  Chemnitz.     Pop.  3560. 
;    Olbersdorf,  ol'bers-donr,  a  town  of  Austrian  Silesia, 

(2  miles  N.W.  of  Troppau,  on  the  Oppa.     Pop.  2396. 
Olcenengo,  ol-chi-nSn'go,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
f  Novara,  3  miles  from  San  Germano.     Pop.  1099. 
Olchana,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Olshana. 
'   Olcinium,  the  ancient  name  of  Dulcig.no. 

Ol'cott,  a  post-village  in  New  Fane  township,  Niagara 
)0.,  N.Y.,  on  Lake  Ontario,  about  12  miles  N.  of  Lockport. 

it  has  3  churches,  3  hotels,  several  warehouses,  and  a  light- 
ouse.    It  is  li  miles  from  Olcott  Station  of  the  Rome, 
HVatertown  &,  Ogdensburg  Railroad. 
Old  A'geiicy,  a  post-office  of  Choteau  co.,  Montana. 
Old  Alexan'dria,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  Mo., 
ibout  60  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Louis. 
Old  Alresford,  England.    See  Aluesford. 
Old  Arad,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Alt-Arad. 
Old  Bajibo,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Bajibo. 
OldUaldy,  bild'e,  a  mountain  in  Madison  co.,  Mon- 
;ana,  near  Virginia  City,  the  highest  point  of  a  high  wall 
If  limestone  at  the  head  of  Alder  Gulch.     Its  altitude  is 
fzil  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  and  in  the  upper  por- 
|on  of  both  sides  the  characteristic  carboniferous  fossils  are 
fery  abundant. 

1  Old  Barns,  or  Beaver  Brook,  a  post-village  in 
jolchester  co..  Nova  Scotia,  6i  miles  from  Truro.  Pop.  375. 
i  Old  Beacon,  New  York.     See  Beacon  Hill. 
1  Old  Becse,  Hungary.    See  Becse. 
j  Old  Beijerland  (or  Beyeriand).    See  Beyerland. 
1  Old  Boon'ton,  a  decayed  hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J., 
mile  S.  of  Boonton.     Here  is  the  Morris  co.  almshouse. 
(Old  Bridge,  a  post-village  in  East  Brunswick  town- 
'lip,  Middlesex  co.,  N.J.,  on  South  River,  and  on  the  Cam- 
in  &  Amboy  Railroad,  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  South  Amboy. 
has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  pottery,  and  a  snuff-mill. 
;Old  Brighton,  a  town  of  England.    See  Brighton. 
(Old  Brother,  bruru'^r,  a  post-office  of  Floyd  co.,  Ky. 
Oldbury,  old'b?r-e,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Worces- 
V,  at  a  railway  junction,  5  miles  N.AV.  of  Birmingham.  It 
;5  Independent,  Baptist,  and  Wesleyan  chapels,  an  en- 
[wed  school,  a  prison,  and  manufactures  of  chemicals  and 
jilffay-cars>     Pop.  16,410. 
lOld  Cairo,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Fostat. 
iOld  Calabar,  a  river  of  Africa.  See  Calabar  River. 
tOld  Castile  (Sp.  Castilla  la  Vieja,  kls-tcd'yl  11  ve- 
jil),  an  old  province  of  Spain,  comprising  the  N.  portion 
ithe  ancient  kingdom  of  Castile,  and  forming  the  present 
pyinces  of  Burgos,  Valladolid,  Palenota,  Avila,  Segovia, 
iria,  Logroiio,  and  Santandcr.    Greatest  length,  from  N.E. 
t^S.W.,  210  miles  ;  breadth,  170  miles.    Area,  29,210  square 
ijea.    The  S.  portion  of  the  territory  is  traversed  by  the 
^rra  Guadarama,  and  the  N.  by  the  mountains  of  Astu- 
U,  while  in  the  centre  the  Sierra  Occa  separates  the  basins 
I'tho  Ebro  and  the  Douro.     Pop.  1,693.298. 
i)ldcas'tle,  or   Clotyngc,  klo'tinj.  a  market-town 
t'lreland,  co.  of  Meath,  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Kells.      It 
I!  extensive  corn-mills  and  a  large  yarn-trade. 
,)ld  Church,  a  post-office  of  Uanover  co.,  Va.,  about 
laiiles  N.E.  of  Richmond. 

;>ld  Col'ony  House,  a  station  on  the  South  Shore 
I  Iroad,  18  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Boston,  Mass. 
j)ld  Concord,  kong'kord,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington 
0.  Pa.,  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Washington.     It  has  a  church. 
Md  Deer,  Scotland.    See  Dker. 
»ld  Ditch,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co..  Mo. 
•  Id  Don'gola,  a  ruined  town  of  Nubia,  on  the  right 
1  k  of  the  Nile,  75  miles  S.S.E.  of  New  Dongola. 

•Id  Du^quoin',  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co.,  111.,  5 
"'la  S.E.  of  Duquoin.     It  has  a  church. 


Old  Durham,  Quebec.    See  Danby. 

Oldeboorn,  ord§h-boRn\  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Friesland,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Leeuwarden.     Pop.  1853. 

Oldebroek,  ol'deh-brook*,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  Gelderland,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Elburg.     Pop.  4683. 

Old  Ec^ricok',  a  town  of  Guinea,  on  the  Old  Calabar 
River.     Lat.  6°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  8°  10'  E. 

Oldehove,  ol'd^h-hoV^h,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Groningen. 

Oldemark,  ol'd?h-maRk\  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Overyssel,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Meppel.     Pop.  2720. 

Oldenburg,  ol'den-burg  (Ger.  pron.  ol'den-booRO'),  a 
state  of  the  German  Empire,  in  the  N.W.,  with  the  title  of 
grand  duchy,  composed  of  three  separate  portions:  1st,  the 
duchy  of  Oldenburg,  which  forms  five-si.\ths  of  the  terri- 
tory, and  is  bounded  by  Hanover  on  the  E.,  S.,  and  W.,  and 
on  the  N.  by  the  North  Sea;  capital,  Oldenburg;  2d,  the 
principality  of  Liibeck  or  Eutin,  enclosed  by  Ilolstein,  Prus- 
sia; and  3d,  the  principality  of  Birkenfeld,  in  Rhenish 
Prussia ;  capital,  Birkenfeld.  Area  of  the  duchy  of  Olden- 
burg, 2076  square  miles ;  pop.  279,008.  Principality  of 
Liibeck,  area,  109  square  miles;  pop.  76,485.  Principality 
of  Birkenfeld,  area  194  square  miles;  pop.  41,242,  Total 
area,  2379  square  miles;  pop.  in  1890,  396,735. 

By  treaty  between  Prussia  and  Oldenburg  in  1866,  the 
grand  duke  renounced  his  hereditary  rights,  as  chief  of 
the  house  of  Gottorp,  upon  Schleswig-Holstein,  Ac,  and 
Prussia  ceded  the  Holstein  bailiwick  of  Ahrensbok,  with 
small  districts  near  it.  The  duchy  of  Oldenburg  lies  in  a 
basin  of  the  North  Sea,  and  is  entirely  level.  Chief  rivers, 
the  Weser,  the  left  bank  of  which  belongs  to  the  duchy 
from  Bremen  to  the  sea,  the  Hunte,  the  Haase,  and  the  Jahde. 
Liibeck  is  also  flat,  and  borders  on  the  Baltic.  Birkenfeld 
is  on  the  slope  of  the  Idarwald;  its  highest  point  is  2300 
feet  above  the  sea.  The  climate  of  Oldenburg  resembles 
that  of  the  Netherlands.  The  soil  is  fertile,  but  with  ex- 
tensive sand-dunes  and  marshes.  The  pasturage  is  excel- 
lent ;  horses,  cattle,  and  sheep  are  reared.  The  principal 
manufactures  are  linens  and  coarse  woollens. 

Oldenburg,  a  town  of  Germany,  capital  of  the  above 
grand  duchy,  at  a  railway  junction,  24  miles  AV.N.W.  of 
Bremen,  on  the  Hunte,  which  here,  receiving  the  Ilaaren, 
forms  a  harbor.  It  has  a  castle  of  the  grand  duke,  a  palace 
of  the  princes,  the  church  of  St.  Lambert,  several  other 
churches,  a  college,  a  library  of  100,000  volumes,  a  picture- 
gallery,  gymnasium,  barracks,  a  fine  museum,  normal  and 
military  schools,  hospitals,  manufactures  of  sugar,  soap,  and 
musical  instruments,  numerous  breweries  and  distilleries, 
and  a  trade  in  wood,  wool,  and  cattle.    Pop.  (1885)  21,438. 

Oldenburg,  ol'd^n-boouo^  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hol- 
stein, on  a  canal,  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lubeck.     Pop.  2608. 

Oldenburg,  ol'den-biirg,  a  post-village  in  Ray  town- 
ship, Franklin  co.,  Ind.,  about  28  miles  N.W.  of  Lawrence- 
burg.  It  has  2  churches,  an  institute  for  girls,  a  flour-mill, 
a  woollen-mill,  a  tannery,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  690. 

Oldendorf,  ol'd?n-doRr,  a  town  of  Prussia,  on  tho 
Weser,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Hanover.     Pop.  1343. 

Ohl'enplace,  a  post-office  of  Dinwiddie  co.,  Va. 

Oldensworth,  ol'd^ns-^oRt^  a  village  of  Prussia,  In 
Sleswick,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Husum,     Pop.  1281. 

Oldenzaal,ord9nt-zi\r,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Overyssel,  10  miles  E.N.E'.  of  Delden.     Pop.  3493. 

Oldesloe,  ol'd^s-lo'^h,  or  OldeslO,  ol'd?s-lo\  a  town 
of  Prussia,  in  Ilolstein,  on  the  Trave,  24  miles  N.E.  of 
Hamburg.  Pop.  4290.  Near  it  are  saline  baths,  and  salt- 
works producing  annually  7000  tons  of  salt. 

Old  Field,  a  hamlet  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  on  a  neck  of 
land  between  Long  Island  Sound  and  Conscience  Bay,  43 
miles  N.E.  of  Setauket.     Near  it  is  a  light-house. 

Old  Field,  a  township  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  595. 

Old  Field,  a  township  of  Wilson  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  1165. 

Oldfield  Point  Light-House,  Long  Island,  oppo- 
site Stratford,  Conn.,  shows  a  fixed  light  67  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  sea.     Lat.  40°  58'  30"  N. ;  Ion.  73°  7'  30"  W. 

Old  Forge,  a  post-village  of  Lackawanna  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Lackawanna  <fc  Bloomsburg  Railroad,  4  or  5  miles  S.W. 
of  Scranton.     It  has  2  churches.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Old  Fort,  a  post-village  in  Old  Fort  township,  Mc- 
Dowell CO.,  N.C,  1  mile  from  the  E.  base  of  the  Blue 
Ridge,  and  on  the  Western  Railroad,  34  miles  W.  by  S.  of 
Morgantown.  It  is  surrounded  by  beautiful  scenery.  Pop. 
of  tho  township,  1280. 

Old  Frame,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co..  Pa. 

Old  Fur'nace,  a  station  in  Ilardwick  township,  Wor- 
cester CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Ware  River  Railroad,  9  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Ware. 

Old  Furnace,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gaston  oo.,  N.C,  S 


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milos  N.  or  King's  MounUin  Station,  and  about  32  miles 
W.  of  Charlotte, 

Oldham,  Cld'^m,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Lancas- 
ter, pariah  of  Pre^twiob,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Manchester. 
Pop.  in  1881,  111,343;  in  1891,  131,463.  It  has  a  Qothic 
parisli  church,  6  district  churches,  13  Methodist,  6  In- 
dependent, 1  Unitarian,  and  1  Roman  Catholic  chapel, 
a  Friends'  moeting-house,  a  bluo-coat  school,  a  lunatic 
asylum,  a  lycoum,  a  school  of  science  and  art,  several 
literary  institutions,  baths,  and  a  free  park  of  00  acres. 
It  has  stations  on  branch  lines  of  the  London  A,  North- 
western and  Lancashire  <t  Yorkshire  Railways.  Its  prin- 
cipal manufactures  are  fustians,  velvets,  cords,  silks,  uats, 
outton  yarn,  and  machinery.  Its  machine-works  are  said 
to  bo  the  largest  in  the  world,  employing  6000  to  7000 
hands.  The  collieries  are  extensive.  The  borough  sends 
two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Among  the 
buildings  are  a  good  town  hall,  lyceum,  and  public  baths. 

Old'haiiit  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kentucky,  has 
an  area  of  170  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W. 
by  the  Ohio  River.  The  surface  is  partly  uudulating  and 
partly  hilly.  The  soil  is  calcareous  and  fertile.  Maize, 
wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  This  county  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Louisville  A  Nashville  Railroad.  Capital,  La 
Grange.     Pop.  in  1870,  9027;  in  1880,  7067;  in  1890,  6754. 

Oldham,  a  county  of  Tcxa?,  in  the  Panhandle,  bounded 
■\V.  by  New  Mexico.  Area,  1460  square  miles.  It  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Canadian  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the 
Denver,  Texas  A  Fert  Worth  Railroad.  Capital,  Tascosa. 
Pop.  in  1890,  270. 

Oldham,  Crittenden  co.,  Ark.    See  Greenock. 

Oldham,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Guernsey  co.,  0., 
on  the  Marietta,  Pittsburg  &  Cleveland  Railroad,  3  miles 
N.  of  Cambridge. 

Oldham,  a  post-village  in  Ilants  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  3 
miles  from  Enfield.     Gold  is  found  here.     Pop.  500. 

Old'ham's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of  ^7est- 
moreland  co.,  Va.     It  has  a  church. 

Old  Har'bor,  a  town  and  seaport  on  the  S.  coast  of 
Jamaica,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Spanish  Town,  to  which,  and  to 
Kingston,  it  is  connected  by  railway. 

Old  Harbor  Isle,  an  island  of  Ilancock  co.,  Me. 

Old  Ilick'ory,  a  post-village  of  Conway  co.,  Ark., 
about  60  miles  N.W.  of  Little  Rock. 

Old  Hickory,  a  post-office  of  Simpson  co.,  Miss.,  about 
40  miles  S.E.  of  Jackson. 

Old  Hickory,  Wayne  oo.,  0.    See  Jacksox. 

Old  Hickory,  a  post-office  of  Botetourt  co.,  Va.,  near 
James  River,  15  miles  N.  of  Buford's  Gap.     It  has  a  church. 

Old  Hun'dred,  a  post-hamlet  in  Richmond  co.,  N.C., 
on  the  Carolina  Central  Railroad,  104  miles  W.N.W.  of  Wil- 
mington. It  has  manufactures  of  leather  and  turpentine, 
and  is  an  important  shipping-point. 

Oldislcben,  ol'dis-lA^b^n,  a  village  of  Saxe-AVcimar,  24 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Weimar.  Pop.  1858.  It  stands  in  a 
email  enclave,  detached  from  Saxo-Weimar  proper. 

Old  Lake,  Louisiana.     See  Lakepout. 

Old'land,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Gloucester,  5  miles 
E.  of  Bristol.     Pop.  0415. 

Old  Land'ing,  a  hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Ey.,  10  miles  N.W. 
of  Beattyville. 

Old  Line,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  about  11 
miles  N.  of  Columbia. 

Old  Lodi,  a  village  of  Italy.    See  Lodi-Vecchio. 

Old  Lycom'ing,  a  township  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa. 
Pop.  1362. 

Old  Lyme,  a  township  of  New  London  co..  Conn. 
Pop.  1362.  It  contains  Lyme,  Old  Lyme  (a  village),  and 
South  Lyme.  The  village  of  Old  Lyme  is  J  mile  from 
Lyme  Station. 

Old  Lynn'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Giles  co.,  Tenn.,  li  miles 
from  Lynnville  Station.     It  has  several  churches. 

Old  Maldah,  a  town  of  Bengal.     See  Malda. 

Old  Man's  Creek,  Iowa,  flows  into  Iowa  River  in 
Johnson  co.,  about  12  miles  below  the  capital. 

Old'man's  Creek,  New  Jersey,  runs  northwestward, 
forms  the  boundary  between  Gloucester  and  Salem  cos., 
and  enters  the  Delaware. 

Old  Mcl'drum,  a  town  and  parish  of  Scotland,  co. 
and  16  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Aberdeen.  It  has  a  town  hall, 
church,  and  chapel,  with  manufactures  of  cotton.    Pop.  2330. 

Old  Mines,  minz,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co., 
Mo.,  4J  miles  from  Cadet  Station,  which  is  57  miles  S.S.W. 
of  St.  Louis.  It  has  2  churches,  2  smolting-furnaces  for 
lead,  and  mines  of  lead  and  zinc. 

Old  Mission,  mish'un,  a  post-office  of  Winneshiek  co., 
Iowa,  at  St.  Lucas,  about  10  miles  S.  of  Calmar. 


Old  Mission,  a  post-village  of  Grand  Traverse  co, 
Mich.,  is  at  the  N.  end  of  a  long  peninsula  in  Grani 
Traverse  Bay,  about  20  miles  N.  by  R.  of  Traverse  City. 

Old  Monroe,  mttn-rO',  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  oo, 
Mo.,  on  Cuivre  River,  about  38  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Louli. 

Old  Monterey,  mon-tp-ri',  a  post-hnmlet  of  Marioi 
CO.,  Tex.,  22  miles  from  Jefferson.     It  has  a  church. 

Old  Newbern,  Jersey  co..  111.    Sco  Nkwdkhm. 

Old'ney  Island  and  Bay,  Scotland,  co.  and  oiT  th 
W.  coast  of  Sutherland.  The  island,  1  mile  in  length,  Tk 
about  one-fourth  of  a  mile  from  the  coast. 

Old  Orch'ard,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  o 
York  CO.,  Me.,  on  the  sea-coast,  4  miles  from  Soco  Vott 
Office.  It  is  within  the  limits  of  the  city  uf  Saco.  llor 
are,  besides  many  cottages,  13  hotels,  2  of  which  acoommo 
date  400  guests  each,  i'hcso  hotels  are  very  near  the  Doi 
ton  A  Maine  Railroad  (Old  Orchard  Station).  The  bene 
is  hard,  and  affords  a  good  road  for  driving.  Here  is  th 
Methodist  national  camp-meeting  ground.  Old  Orchard  i 
said  to  be  growing  rapidly. 

Old  Pcr'lican,  a  post-town  and  port  of  entry  of  Now 
foundland,  district  of  Trinity,  28  miles  N.E.  of  Ueart 
Content.     Pop.  868. 

Old  Point  Comfort,  k&m'f^rt,  a  post-village  an 
watering-place  of  Elizabeth  City  co.,  Va.,  is  near  the  S.  end  o 
Chesapeake  Bay,  adjacent  to  Fortress  Monroe,  at  the  moot 
of  James  River,  and  about  14  miles  N.  of  Norfolk.  Here  ' 
a  good  bathing-ground.  The  village  has  2  churches, 
stores,  and  a  fine  hotel. 

Old  Portland,  a  hamlet  of  Conway  co.,  Ark.,  on  tl 
Arkansas  River,  6  miles  from  Plummcr's  Station.  Here 
a  steamboat-landing. 

Old  Prov'idcnce,  an  island  of  the  Caribbean  Sei 
belonging  to  the  United  States  of  Colombia,  100  miles  1 
of  the  Mosquito  coast.  Lat,  13°  21'  N.;  Ion.  81°  22'  V 
Length,  4i  miles.  Pop.  350.  Surface  hilly,  but  fertik 
provisions  are  plentiful,  and  cotton,  tortoise-shell,  and  bidi 
are  exported.  On  its  N.  side  is  the  village  of  Isabel,  wit 
the  chief  anchorage. 

Old  Rich'mond,  a  post-office  of  Forsyth  co.,  N.C.,  c 
the  Yadkin  River,  about  40  miles  N.  of  Salisbury.  Po] 
of  Old  Richmond  township,  833. 

Old  Ilipley,  Bond  co.,  III.    See  New  Berlix. 

Olds,  oldz,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  263 

Old  Sa'rum  (the  Sorbiodunum  of  the  Romans),  an  e: 
tinct  city  and  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Wilts,  the  site  ( 
which  was  on  a  hill  2  miles  N.  of  Salisbury.  Under  tl 
Saxons  it  was  a  place  of  import.ance.  A  few  traces  of  wal 
and  ramparts,  and  of  its  castle  and  cathedral,  remain. 

Old  Saybrook,  si'brook,  a  township  of  Middlesex  cc 
Conn.  Pop.  1215.  It  contains  Saybrook  village,  Saybroc 
Point,  Saybrook  Station,  Fonwick,  Ac,  and  lies  on  tl 
Sound  and  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Connecticut,  at  its  mout 

Old  Shop,  a  post-office  of  Wake  co.,  N.C. 

Old  Spring  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Marengo  co.,  Ala, 

Old  Store,  a  post-township  of  Chesterfield  co.,  S.C., ' 
miles  S.E.  of  Monroe,  N.C.     It  has  4  churches.    Pop.  192 

Old  Town,  a  steamboat-l.-vnding  of  Phillips  co.,  Arh 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  18  miles  below  Helena. 

Old  Town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lafayette  co.,  Fla.,  i 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Bronson  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Old  Town,  a  township  of  McLean  co..  III.    Pop.  110 

Old  Town,  a  post-village  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  : 
Old  Town  township,  near  the  W.  bank  of  the  Pcnobsc 
River,  and  on  the  European  A  North  American  llnilroa 
at  its  junction  with  the  Bangor  A  Piscataquis  Railroad,  '. 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Bangor.  It  contains  6  or  7  churches, 
bank,  and  numerous  saw-mills.  It  has  extensive  wate 
power,  and  is  chiefly  supported  by  lumber-bu.''ine88,  havin 
it  is  said,  the  largest  lumber-mill  in  the  world,  where  H 
saws  are  at  work.  (See  Old  Town  Island.)  A  railro* 
bridge  across  the  Penobscot  connects  Old  Town  with  Milfur< 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  5312. 

Oldtown,  a  hamlet  of  Alleghany  co.,  Md.,  on  the  P 
tomac  River  and  the  Chesapeake  A  Ohio  Canal,  i  mi 
from  Green  Spring  Run  Station,  W.  Va.     It  has  a  churel 

Old  Town,  a  post-township  of  Forsyth  co.,  N.C, 
miles  N.  of  Salem.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  860. 

Oldtown,  a  station  of  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  A  ^ 
Louis  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Xenia,  0. 

Old  Town,  a  post-office  of  Claiborne  co.,  Tcnn.,  sbo 
40  miles  N.  of  Knoxville. 

OldtOAVn,  a  hamlet  of  Hardin  co.,  Tenn.,  24  miles 
of  Bethel.     It  has  a  church.  , 

Old  Town,  a  jjost- village  of  Grayson  co.,  Va.,  30  mil 
S.  of  Wytheville.  It  is  near  New  River.  It  has  2  charch- 
an  iron-foundry,  a  carriage-factory,  Ac.     Pep.  about  160 


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Oldtown  Creek,  Mississippi,  rises  in  Union  co.,  runs 
in  a  S.S.E.  direction  througii  Lee  co.,  and  enters  tlie 
Tombigbee  River  about  12  miles  N.  of  Aberdeen.  It  is 
nearly  70  miles  long. 

Old  Town  Island,  in  Penobscot  River,  about  a  mile 
N.  of  the  village  of  Old  Town,  Penobscot  co..  Me.     On  it  is 
!  an  Indian  village,  containing  a  number  of  frame  houses,  a 
!  Catholic  chapel,  and  about  400  Indians.     This  village  is 
known  as  "  Indian  Old  Town." 
Old  Trnpani,  Sicily.    See  Monte  San  Gihliano. 
Old  War'wick,  a  village  of  Warwick  township,  Kent 
CO.,  U.r.     Pop.  564. 

Old  West'bury,  a  post-village  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y., 
(near  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  about  18  miles  E.  of  Brook- 
jlyn.  It  has  4  churches,  and  is  mainly  supported  by  farm- 
ling  and  dairy-business. 

Old  Woburn,  a  town  of  England.     See  Wobuun. 
Olcan,  oMe-an',  a  post-village  of  Ripley  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Brown  township,  6  miles  S.  of  Versailles,  and  about  22 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Madison.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  200, 
Olcan,  a  post-office  of  Colfax  co.,  Neb. 
Olcan,  a  post-village  in  Olean  township,  Cattaraugus 
!eo.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Alleghany  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Olean 
iCreek,  and  on  the  Genesee  Valley  Canal  and  the  Erie  llail- 
Ibad  where  it  crosses  the  Buflfiilo,  New  York  &  Philiidelphia 
(Railroad,  65  miles  E.S.E.  of  Dunkirk,  and  69  miles  S.S.E. 
[of  Buffalo.     It  contains  6  churches,  a  national  bank,   1 
other  bank,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  graded 
(Bchool.     Pop.  in  1890,  7358;  of  the  townphin,  11,507. 
t  OMean'der,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Ala.,  25 
Imiles  S.  of  Huntsville.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 
I   Olearos,  Grecian  Archipelago.     See  Antiparos. 

Oleggio,  o-lid'jo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  10 
piles  N.  of  Novara.  Pop.  8053.  It  has  manufactures  of 
iotton  and  silk  goods. 

t  Oleiro,  a  town  and  seaport  of  Spain.  See  CnniLLERO. 
■  Oleiros,  o-li'e-roce,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Bcira,  near 
'astello  Branco.     Pop.  2302. 

,  Olekma,  o-lSk'mi,  a  river  of  Siberia,  government  of 
'akootsk,  after  a  N.  course  of  nearly  400  miles  joins  the 
lena  opposite  the  village  of  Olekminsk. 
I  Olekminsk,  o-14k-minsk',  a  town  of  Siberia,  govern- 
Icnt  and  350  miles  W.S.W.  of  Yakootsk,  on  the  Lena. 
lOle'ma,  a  post-village  of  Marin  co.,  Cal.,  is  about  1 
'ile  from  the  head  of  Tomales  Bay,  2i  miles  from  Olema 
:ition  of  the  North  Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  and  35  miles 
.W.  of  San  Francisco.     It  is  mainly  supported  by  dairies. 
Ole'na,  a  post-village  of  Henderson  co..  111.,  about  10 
ilos  E.  of  Burlington,  Iowa.     It  has  2  churches.     P.  127. 
fOlena,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huron  co.,  0.,  in  Bronson  town- 
iip,  6i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Norwalk.     It  has  3  churches. 
|Olenck,  o-li-nflk'  or  o-lQn-6k',  a  river  of  Siberia,  gov- 
iment  of  Yakootsk,  enters  the  Arctic  Ocean  110  miles 
.  of  the  AV.  mouth  of  the  Lena,  after  a  N.  course  of  800 
les.    At  its  mouth  is  the  village  of  Oost-Olensk. 
pientan'gy,  a  post-village  of   Franklin   co.,  0.,  in 
Try  township,  on  the  Columbus  &  Toledo  Railroad.     It 
'?  a  church. 

yientangy  (or  Whet'stonc)  River,  of  Ohio,  rises 
ithe  N.  central  part  of  the  state,  and,  flowing  southward, 
'  crs  the  Seioto  River  at  Columbus.  Length,  100  miles. 
3Mcop'olis,  a  post-hamlet  of  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
i.cghany  River,  9  miles  above  Oil  City.  It  is  on  the  Oil 
( ek  .fe  Alleghany  River  Railroad. 

)l'eqna,  a  post-office  of  Cowlitz  co.,  Washington,  on 
t  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  28  miles  N.  of  Kalama. 
)l6ron,  oMiV6No',  incorrectly  written  Oloron,  oMo'- 
r ''  (anc.  Uliarug  or  Olario),  an  island  off  the  AV.  coast 

0  France,  in  Charcnte-Inferieure,  opposite  the  mouth  of 
t  Charente.  Lat.  46°  11'  N.  Length,  20  miles;  breadth, 
5  lies.  Pop.  17,000.  On  its  S.E.  side  is  the  capital  town, 
C  teau  d'Oleron.    See  also  Olouon. 

'lesa,  o-li'sl,  or  Olesa-de-Montserrat,  o-li'sl 
«'jiont-pSu-nat'  (anc.  Buhricata?),  a  town  of  Spain,  18 

1  s  N.W.  of  Barcelona,  on  the  Llobregat.     Pop.  3448. 
Icsburg,  o'lQz-bfirg,  a  post-office  of  Pottawatomie  co., 

iVsas,  23  miles  S.E.  of  Waterville. 

Icsko,  o-l4s'ko,  a  village  of  Austrian  Galicia,  27  miles 
t  .E.  of  Lemberg.     Pop.  2571. 

lesno,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia.     See  Rosenberg. 

Icta,  o-li'ti,  a  post-village  of  Amador  co.,  Cal.,  20 
"ijS  S.E.  of  Latrobo.  It  has  a  church,  a  gold-mine,  and 
*  ,nbor-mill, 

Ictta,  o-15t't&,  a  viBago  of  Corsica,  1  miles  S.W.  of 
^'.la.    Pop.  1122. 

.lette,  o'litt',  a  village  of  Prance,  in  Pyrgnles-Orien- 
^.  9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Prades.     Pop.  1042. 
130 


Oletzko,  o-ldts'ko,  or  Marggrabowa,  maRg-grl. 
bo'^i,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  41  miles  S.S.E.  of  Gum. 
binnen,  on  Lake  Oletzko.     Pop.  4212. 

Olevano,  o-lA-v.l'no,  a  town  of  It.aly,  29  miles  E.  of 
Rome.  Pop.  3378.  It  is  situated  on  a  rocky  hill,  amidst 
fine  scenery.  Principal  edifices,  a  castle,  a  church,  and  the 
ruins  of  an  imperial  villa. 

Olevano,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  15  miles  E.  of 
Salerno.     Pop.  2859. 

Olevano,  a  market-town  of  Italy,  4  miles  S.S.AV.  of 
Mortara.     Pop.  1305. 

Olevsk,  o-lfivsk',  a  market-town  of  Russia,  in  Volhj-nia, 
100  miles  N.N.W.  of  Zhitomecr.     Pop.  1580.  , 

O'lex,  a  post-office  of  Wasco  co.,  Oregon. 

O'ley,  a  post-township  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  contains  ham-  , 
lets  named  Friedensburg,  ManaUiwny,  and  Spangville.  It 
has  an  academj',  an  iron-furnace,  7  grist-mills,  and  a  wool-, 
len-mill.     Pop.  1986.     Oley  Post-Office  is  at  Friedensburg. 

Olfen,  ol'f^n,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  government, 
and  20  miles  S.AV.  of  Munster.     Pop.  1471. 

Olgiate,  ol-je-i'tA,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  6 
miles  AV.S.W.  of  Como.     Pop.  2068. 

Olgiate-Olona,  ol-je-a'ti-o-lo'ni,  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  and  18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Milan.     Pop.  1040. 

Olginate,  ol-je-nS.'tA,  a  town  of  Northern  Italj-,  prov- 
ince and  15  miles  E.  of  Como,  near  the  Adda.     Pop.  1567. 

Olgoon,  or  Olgoiin,  Turkey.    See  Dulcigno. 

Olgopoi,  ol-go'pol,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Podolia,  about 
140  miles  N.N.W.  of  Odessa.  It  has  manufactures  of 
brandy  and  saltpetre.     Pop.  6922. 

OlhAo,  ol-yowN"',  a  town  and  parish  of  Portugal,  on  the 
sea-coast,  4  miles  E.  of  Faro.     Pop.  6931, 

Oliaros,  Grecian  Archipelago.    See  Antiparos. 

Oliena,  o-le-i'n4,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sardinia^  5 
miles  S.E.  of  Nuoro.     Pop.  3133. 

Oliete,  o-lo-4'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  44  miles 
N.E.  of  Teruel.     Pop.  1788. 

Ol'ifant's  River,  or  El'ephant's  River,  a  river 
of  South  Africa,  Cape  Colony,  enters  the  Atlantic  Ocean  in 
lat.  31°  38'  S.,  Ion.  18°  12'  W,  Length,  probably  150  miles. 
Chief  affluents,  the  Great  Doom  and  Ilantam, 

Olifant's  River,  a  river  of  South  Africa,  Cape  Colony, 
joins  the  Gauritz  after  .a  W,  course  of  157  miles, 

Olim'po,  a  post-office  of  Colusa  co.,  Cal. 

O'lin,  a  post-village  in  Rome  township,  Jones  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Sabula,  Ackley  &  Dakota  Railroad,  and  on  the  Wap- 
sipinicon  River,  25  miles  E.  of  Marion,  and  about  10  miles 
S.E.  of  Anamosa.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  2 
grist-mills,  and  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  about  450, 

Oliu,  a  post-village  in  Olin  township,  Iredell  co.,  N.C., 
14  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Statesville.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
tannery.     Pop.  of  township,  920. 

Olin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co..  Wis.,  on  the  AViscon- 
sin  River,  4  miles  N.  of  Lyndon  Station,  and  28  miles  N.AV. 
of  Portage.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Olinda,  o-lin'da  or  o-leen'di,  a  city  of  Brazil,  state 
of  Pernambuco,  and  formerly  its  capital,  4  miles  N.  of  Re- 
cife. Pop.  8000.  It  is  beautifully  situated,  and  has  many 
white  and  massive  buildings,  with  a  cathedral  and  several 
other  fine  churches,  a  bishop's  palace,  a  hospital,  a  botanio 
garden,  a  school  of  law,  with  a  public  library,  and  a  Jesuit 
college.    See  Recife. 

Olin'da,  a  post-office  of  Lamar  co.,  Ala. 

Olinda,  a  post-village  in  Essc.\  co.,  Ontario,  6  miles 
N.AV.  of  Leamington.     Pop.  100. 

Olio,  o'l^-o,  a  post-office  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Ala. 

Olio,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co..  Ark. 

Olio,  a  township  of  AA'^oodford  co..  111.     Pop.  2508, 

Olio,  a  post-office  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C. 

Oliootorsk,  Olioutorsk,  or  Olintorsk,  oMe-oo- 
toRsk',  written  also  Olutorsk,  Olutorsky,  and  Olii- 
torskoi,  a  village  of  Karach.atka,  on  its  N.E.  coast,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Oliootorsk,  in  Oliootorsk  Bay,  which  is  bounded 
E.  by  Cape  Oliootorsk,  in  lat.  59°  57'  N.,  Ion.  170°  19'  E. 

Ol'iphant  Fur'nace,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Pa., 
about  9  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Uniontown.  Here  is  an  iron- 
furnace. 

Oli.sipo,  the  ancient  name  of  Lisbon. 

Olitc,  o-lee'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarro,  27  miles 
S.  of  Pamplona.  Pop.  2444,  It  has  vestiges  of  old  walls, 
and  an  old  royal  palace. 

Oliva,  o-lee'vi  (anc.  Ad  Stat'vast),  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  43  miles  N.E.  of  Alicante,  6  miles  from  the 
Mediterranean.  Pop.  6984,  It  has  a  hospital,  an  ancient 
palace,  and  manufactures  of  hempen  and  linen  cloths, 

Oliva,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Lanzarote,  one  of  ths 
Canaries.     Pop.  2132, 


OI.T 


2058  OLM 


OlivRf  a  village  of  WoJt  Prunio,  5  miloa  N.W.  of  Dant- 
tio.     Pop.  3284. 

Oliva,  a  town  In  tho  island  of  Fuertorenturo,  one  of  tbo 
Cuiiarios,  at  tho  foot  of  n  luotintuin.     l'o|>.  U70. 

Olivn  do  Jerez,  o-lco'v&dA  iiA-r£th', a  townof  Spain, 
province  and  3U  miles  S.  of  liadnjus.     Pop.  4243. 

OlivareSf  o-le-v&'rds,  a  town  of  Spain,  Now  Castile, 
prorinoe  and  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cucnoa.     Pop.  1159. 

Olivares,  a  totrn  of  Spain,  province  and  10  milos  W. 
of  Seville.     Pop.  2277. 

Ulivcy  ol'iv,  a  township  of  Elkhart  oo.,  Ind.     P.  1149. 

Olivey  a  township  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  15G0. 

Olive,  a  township  of  Clinton  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1481. 

Olive,  a  uost-haiulot  of  Marshall  co.,  Ky.,  about  32 
milos  S.E.  of  raducah.     It  has  a  church. 

Olive,  a  post-township  of  Clinton  oo.,  Mich.,  about  10 
miles  N.  of  Lansing.     Pop.  1168. 

Olive,  a  township  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  1257.  It 
contains  Olive  Centre. 

Olive,  a  post-village  in  Olive  township,  Ulster  co.,  N.Y., 
I  mile  from  the  Ulster  &  Delaware  Railroad,  and  9  miles 
AV.X.W.  of  Kingston.  It  has  1  or  2  churches  and  a  tan- 
nery. The  township  contains  a  village  named  Sholtan, 
is  drained  by  E^opus  Creek,  and  has  a  pop.  of  3181. 

Olive,  a  township  of  Meigs  co.,  0.     Pop.  1683. 

Olive,  a  township  of  Noble  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1810.  It  con- 
tains Caldwell,  Olive  village,  and  South  Olive. 

Olive,  a  village  in  Olive  township,  Noble  co.,  0.,  1  mile 
from  Caldwell. 

Olive  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Alexander  co..  111. 

Olive  Branch,  a  post- village  of  De  Soto  co.,  Sliss.,  on 
tho  Memphis  <fc  Selma  Railroad,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Memphis, 
Tonn.     It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  steam  mill. 

Olive  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co..  Neb. 

Olive  Branch,  a  station  in  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Ulster  &  Delaware  Railroad,  8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Kingston. 

Olive  Branch,  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  N.C.,  10 
miles  N.  of  Beaver  Dam  Railroad  Station. 

Olive  Branch,  a  post-hamlot  of  Clermont  oo.,  0.,  on 
the  Cincinnati  &  Portsmouth  Railroad,  about  20  miles  E. 
of  Cincinnati.     It  has  2  churches. 

Olive  Bridge,  or  Olive  City,  a  post-hamlet  in  Olive 
township,  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Esopus  Creek,  and  on  the 
Ulster  &  Delaware  Railroad,  17  miles  W.N.W.  of  Rondout. 
It  h.as  a  church  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Ol'iveburg,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Pa. 

Olive  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Olive  township,  Otta- 
wa CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Chicago  &  West  Michigan  Railroad, 
at  Olive  Station,  8  miles  N.  of  Holland.  It  has  a  lumber- 
mill.     Pop.  150. 

Olive  Fur'nace,  a  hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.,  6  miles 
B.E.  of  Bloom  Station.     Here  is  a  furnace  for  pig-iron. 

Olive  Green,  Delaware  oo.,  0.  See  Kinostox  CEjrrRE. 

Olive  Green,  a  post-village  of  Noble  co.,  0.,  in  Sharon 
township,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Caldwell.     It  has  2  churches. 

Olive  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.,  on  tho 
Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis  Railroad  (at  Centreville 
Pike  Station),  6  miles  N.W.  of  Richmond. 

Olive  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carter  oo.,  Ky.,  about  44 
miles  S.E.  of  Maysville.     It  h.os  a  church. 

Olive  Hill,  a  post-township  of  Person  co.,  N.C.,  about 
«0  miles  N.N.W.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  3  churches.  Pop.  1439. 

Olive  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Hardin  co.,  Tenn. 

Oliveira,  o-le-vi'e-ri,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Minas- 
Geraes,  on  a  stream  of  the  same  name,  40  miles  S.  of 
Tamandua.     Pop.  1600. 

Oliveira-d'Azemeis,  o-le-r&'e-r4  dA-zi-mis'  or  d&- 
ti-md'ees,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Douro,  on  the 
Antua,  24  miles  S.  of  Oporto.     Pop.  2270. 

Oliveira  do  Bairro,  o-le-vi'e-ri  do  bin'RO,  a  village 
of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Aveiro.    Pop.  1825. 

Oliveira  do  Conde,  o-le-vi'e-r&  do  kon'di,  a  village 
of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  16  miles  S.AV.  of  Viseu.     Pop.  3920. 

Olivenza,  or  Oliven4;a,  o-lo-vftn'sa  (Sp.  pron.  o-le- 
vin'thi),  a  fortified  town  of  Spain,  province  and  16  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Badajos,  on  the  Ouadiana,  near  the  Portuguese 
frontier.  Pop.  5917.  It  stands  in  a  fertile  plain,  and  has 
a  brisk  trade  in  wines,  oil,  and  corn. 

Olivenza,  or  Olivenca,  o-le-vdn'si,  a  town  of  Bra- 
zil, state  and  130  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bahia,  on  the  Atlantic. 
Pop.  1500. 

Ol'iver,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scriven  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Cen- 
tral Georgia  Railroad,  and  near  the  Ogeechee  River,  45 
miles  N.W.  of  Savannah.     It  has  2  churches. 

Oliver,  a  post-hamlet  of  Edgar  co.,  111.,  on  the  Paris  A, 
'Danville  Railroad.     It  has  a  st&ve-factory. 

Oliver,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  0.     Pop.  1069. 


Oliver,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  Pa.     Pop,  \UJ, 

Oliver,  a  township  of  Mifllin  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1355. 

Oliver,  a  township  of  Perry  co..  Pa.     Pop.  511. 

Olivc'rinn  Uivcr,  a  small  stream  of  Grafton  oo.  Nei 
Hampshire,  falls  into  the  Connecticut  River.  ' 

Ol'i  vcr'8,  a  post-bamlct  of  Andernon  co.,  Tonn.,  iO  mil 
W.N.W.of  Knoxville.    Coal  is  found  hero.    It  has  a  ohurch 

Ollvesburg,  ol'ivz-bDrg,  a  post-hamlct  of  Uiclilun 
CO.,  0.,  6  miles  W.  of  Ashland,  and  about  10  miles  N.  by  If 
of  Mansfleld.     It  has  2  churches. 

Olivet,  oMceVA',  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Loirot,  3  mile 
S.  of  Orleans,  on  the  Loirct.  It  has  manufactures  of  papei 
hosiery,  and  pins.     Pop.  3588.  " 

Ol'ivet,  a  post-village  and  station  in  Scott  townihit 
Mahaska  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Des  Moines  River,  and  on  tli 
Oskaloosa  Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  PaciB 
Railroad,  10  miles  AV.  of  Oskaloosa.     It  has  a  church. 

Olivet,  a  post-village  in  Olivet  townsliip,  Osage*  eo 
Kansas,  on  the  Osago  River,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Osage  Cit! 
Pop.  of  township,  309. 

Olivet,  a  post-village  in  Walnut  township,  Eaton  cu 
Mich.,  15  miles  N.  of  Marshall,  and  2  miles  from  01iv< 
Station,  which  is  on  the  Chicago  A  Lake  Huron  RiiilroM 
27  miles  S.W.  of  Lansing,  and  18  miles  N.E.  of  Bntt 
Creek.  It  contains  2  churches,  a  banking-house,  and 
conservatory  of  music.  Here  is  the  Olivet  College  (Coi 
gregational),  which  was  organized  in  1859.     Pop.  526. 

Olivet,  a  post-hamlet  in  South  Bend  township,  Am 
strong  CO.,  Pa.,  about  30  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Pittsburg, 
has  a  church. 

Olivet,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hutchinson  eo.,  S.B 
on  the  Dakota  or  James  River,  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Yankto 
It  has  a  church. 

Olivet,  a  post-hamlet  in  Oilman  township.  Pierce  « 
Wis.,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Red  Wing,  Minn. 

Oliveto,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  S.alerno.     Pop.  392.1 

Oliv'ia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Renville  co.,  Minn.,  ia  Bi 
Island  township,  on  tho  Hastings  &,  Dakota  Railroad 
has  a  flour-mill. 

Olivia,  Blair  oo..  Pa.    See  Bald  Eagle. 

Olivieri,  o-le-ve-4'ree,  a  village  of  Sicily,  N.  coai 
province  atid  27  miles  W.S.W.  of  Messina.     Pop.  795. 
little  N.W.  are  the  ruins  of  Tyndarit. 

Oliviopol,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Oltiopol. 

OIkhon,  ol'Kon,  the  principal  island  in  Lake  Baiki 
Siberia,  140  miles  N.AV.  of  Irkootsk.     Length,  45  miles, 

OIkusz,  ol'koosh,  or  OIkasz  (?),  ol'k&sh,  a  town 
Poland,  23  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cracow.     Pop.  2276. 

Ollant,  the  Dutch  name  of  Hollakd. 

OIlap,  ol'l&p,  one  of  the  Caroline  Islands,  Pacific  Ocea 
Lat.  7°  37'  17"  N. ;  Ion.  149°  30'  E. 

Olleria,  ol-yi-reo'S,,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  • 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Valencia.  Pop.  3889.  It  has  2  pari 
churches,  manufactures  of  linens,  and  brandy-distilleries 

Ol'Icrton,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  and  19  miles  N.N. 
of  Nottingham.     Pop.  831. 

Olliergues,  ol'lo-aiRg',  a  town  of  Prance,  in  Puy-d 
Dftme,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Ambort.     Pop.  1998. 

Ollignies,  oricen^yce',  a  village  of  liclgium,  in  Ht 
naut,  on  the  Dender,  17  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mons.   Pop.  13S 

OIlio,  or  Ollius,  a  river  of  Italy.    See  Oglio. 

Ollioulcs,  orie-ool',  a  market-town  of  France,  in  Vi 
4  miles  W.  of  Toulon,  at  the  foot  of  a  defile  called  tho  Va 
d'OIlioules,  vo  dolMc-ool'.     Pop.  2213. 

Ollntiitz,  a  city  of  Moravia.     Sec  Olmutz. 

Ollon,  oriAx"',  a  village  of  .Switzerland,  canton  of  Vai 
2  milos  S.E.  of  Aigle.     Pop.  of  commune,  3053. 

Olm,  olm,  NiEDErt,  nee'd^r,  and  Obeii,  o'b?r,  two  co 
tiguous  villages  of  Germany,  in  Hesse,  7  milos  S.S.W. 
Mcntz.     United  pop.  2804. 

Olmedo,  ol-mi'no,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
miles  S.  of  Valladolid,  enclosed  by  ruined  walls,  and 
decay.     Pop.  2540. 

Olmcn,  ol'mgn,  a  village  of  Belgium,  33  miles  E. 
S.  of  Antwerp,  on  the  Great  Nethe.     Pop.  1610. 

Olmeto,  ol-md'to,  or  Olometo,  o-lo-mi'to,  a  to 
of  the  island  of  Corsica,  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ajaccio.   P.  20 

Olmos,  Cl'mOoe,  a  town  of  Peru,  province  of  La 
bayeque,  41  miles  N.  of  Jayanca.     Pop.  2000. 

Olmstead,  Sm'st^d,  a  post- village  of  Logan  co.,  Ky., 
the  Louisville  &  Memphis  Railroad,  about  40  miles  W..S. 
of  Bowling  Green.     It  has  a  seminary. 

Olmsted,  5m'st?d,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Mm 
sota,  has  an  area  of  about  650  square  miles.  It  is  drnu 
by  the  South  Branch  of  the  Zumbro  River  and  by  H 
River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  w 
prairies  and  groves,  the  former  of  which  are  more  exteni 


OLM 


2059 


OLV 


than  the  latter.    The  soil   is  very  fertile  and   durable. 
Wheat,  oats,  hay,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  butter  are  the 
staple  products.     In  the  produciion  of  wheat  this  county 
has  ranked   foremost   among   the   counties  of  the   state. 
Silurian  limestone  is  found  in  this  county,  which  is  inter- 
sected by  the  AVinona  &  Southwestern   Railroad  and  the 
I  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad.     A  branch  of  the  latter 
i  road  connects  with  Rochetter,  the  capital.     Pop.  in  1870, 
19,793;  in  1880,  21,543;  in  189(1,  I9,S06. 
Olmsted,  Pulaski  co.,  III.    See  Caledonia. 
Olmsted,  a  post-oflSce  of  Olmsted  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Winona  &,  St.  Peter  Railroad,  4J  miles  W.  of  Rochester. 

Olmsted,  or  Olmsted  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Olm- 
•  jted  township,  Cuyahoga  co.,  0.,  on  Rocky  River,  and  on 
ithe  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Cleveland,  and 
Is  miles  W.  of  Berea.  It  is  also  on  the  railroad  which  con- 
Inects  Cleveland  with  Columbus.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded 
{Ischool,  and  manufactures  of  grindstones,  <fec.  Pop.  in 
11890,  342;  of  the  township,  1826. 

Olmsted  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  in 
[Sheldon  township,  on  the  Missisquoi  River,  and  on  the  Ver- 
mont Central  Railroad,  very  near  Sheldon  Springs,  a  sum- 
jhier  resort.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 
t  Olmsted  Station,  a  post-office  of  Tuscaloosa  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  Alabama  A  Chattanooga  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of 
jTusealoosa. 

i  Olmstedville,  om'sted-vTl,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co., 
N.Y.,  about  34  miles  W.nIw.  of  Whitehall.  It  has  a  largo 
fanncry  and  several  stores. 

I  Olmnc,  ol-moo-4',  a  town  of  Chili,  province  of  Valpa- 
^iso.    Pop.  2014. 

I  OI'mutZ  (Ger.  0?mu«z  or  0/^m«7z,  oU'miits;  Moravian, 

Jlulninnac,  ho'lo-mowts* ;  L.  Olomu'tlum  or  Ebnrum),  a  city 

»f  Moravia  (and  formerly  its  capital),  on  the  March,  at  the 

junction  of  several  railways,  40  miles  N.E.  of  Briinn.  Pop., 

•xcliiding  garrison,  15,231.     Its  fortifications  are  very  e.K- 

'«nsive.    Its  principal  edifices  are  a  fine  Gothic  cathedral 

pd  several  other  handsome  churches,  the  archbishop's  pal- 

|ee,  deanery,  town  hall,  theatre,  arsenal,  barracks,  several 

iospitals  and  orphan  asylums,  and  a  large  conventual  estab- 

jsbment.    It  has  also  a  college,  diocesan  school,  academy 

kr  nubles,  military  and  various  other  schools,  manufactures 

I"  woollen,  linen,  and  cotton  fabrics,  earthenware,  leather, 

lid  vinegar.  Olmutz  was  taken  by  the  Swedes  in  the  Thirtj' 

'ears'  War,  and  besieged  by  Frederick  the  Great  in  1758. 

ifayctte  was  confined  in  it  for  many  years  from  1794. 

OIne,  ol'neh,  a  town  of  Belgium,  province  and  8  miles 

S.E.  of  Liege,  on  the  Vesdre.     Pop.  3200. 

Ol'ney,  or  Cul'ney,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Bucks, 

;  the  Ouse,  on  a  railway,  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bedford. 

iip.  2547.    It  has  a  large  Gothic  church,  and  manufao- 

fdi  of  hosierj',  lace,  and  silk  goods. 

OIney,  Ol'n^  or  ol'n?,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pickens  co., 

a..  28  miles  N.  of  Eutaw. 

OIney,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Richland  co..  111.,  is  In 
ley  township,   on   the   Grayville   &    Mattoon  Railroad 
ore  it  crosses  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  117  miles 
of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  31  miles  W.  of  Vincennes,  and  53  miles 
Ipf  Mattoon.     It  contains  a  court-house,  10  churches,  a 
Vh  school,  a  fine  public  school-house,  a  national  bank,  3 
lir-milla,  a  brass-foundry,  and  manufactures  of  woollen 
j-iJs,  Ac.     Three  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 
1(1.  in  1890,  3831  ;  of  the  township,  4951. 
)liiey,  a  post-ofiico  of  Rush  co.,  Kansas. 
)lney,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md.,  about  20 
153  N.  of  Washington,  D.C. 
Hiicy,  a  township  of  Nobles  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  108. 
Mney,  Lincoln  co..  Mo.    See  Lost  Branch. 
SMiicy,  a  post-office  of  Clatsop  co.,  Oregon,  50  miles  W, 
Oivalama. 

•  Incy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Philadelphia  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
T'ladelphia,  Newtown  &  New  York  Railroad,  6  or  7  miles 
^  .E.  of  Independence  Hall.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
con-mill.  OIney  Post-Office  is  a  branch  of  the  Phila- 
d'  hia  post-office. 

I'neyville  (local   pron.  o'nc-vll),  a  post-village  of 
"  'idence  co.,  R.I.,  in  Providence  and  Johnston  townships, 
^ihe  Providence  &  Springfield  Railroad  and  the  Hart- 
lu   Providence  <fc  Fishkill  Railroad,  2  miles  W.  of  Provi- 
'l<'e.     It  has  several   cotton-mills  and  a  church.     The 
tW-ing  villages  of  West  Providence,  Waterman  Plat,  and 
B>  T  Lake  are  adjacent.     Pop,  4995. 
lomcto,  a  town  of  Corsica.    See  Olmkto. 
lomutium,  a  Latin  name  of  Olmutz. 
_  lona,  o-lo'ni,  a  river  of  Italy,  enters  the  canal  Na- 
^^.J  Grande,  near  Milan.     Under  the  French  it  gave  its 
na  I  to  a  department  of  the  kingdom  of  Italy. 


Olonets,  or  Olonctz,  o-lo-n8ts',  a  government  of 
North  Russia,  between  lat.  60°  and  64°  30'  N.  imd  Ion.  29" 
and  41°  30'  E.,  having  N.  Archangel,  S.  Vologda,  and  W. 
Finland.  Area,  estimated  at  59,567  square  miles.  Pop. 
296,392.  Surface  in  the  N.  and  W.  marshy  and  covered 
with  vast  forests.  Princij)al  rivers,  the  Onega,  Shooya, 
Soona,  and  Sveer.  It  contains  numerous  lakes,  the  princi- 
pal being  Onega  and  Vigo.  Hemp  and  fia.x  are  raised  ;  but 
the  extensive  forests  form  the  principal  sources  of  wealth 
derived  from  the  land.  Iron,  copper,  silver,  marble,  and 
granite  are  found,  but  are  little  turned  to  advantage,  and 
few  manufacturing  establishments  exist  here.  Raw  prod- 
uce is  exported  to  St.  Petersburg  and  Archangel,  whence 
corn,  salt,  spirits,  and  colonial  and  manufacturing  goods 
are  imported.  The  inhabitants  mostly  belong  to  the  Greek 
or  Lutheran  churches.  The  principal  towns  arc  Petroza- 
vodsk (the  capital),  Vytegra,  and  Kargopol. 

Olonets,  a  town  of  the  above  government,  is  situated 
at  the  confluence  of  two  rivers,  tributaries  to  Lake  Ladoga, 
110  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Petersburg.  Pop.  1341,  exclusive  of 
its  suburbs.  It  has  8  churches,  a  custom-house,  and  vari- 
ous public  magazines.  The  first  building-dock  in  the  Rus- 
sian Empire  was  established  here  by  Peter  the  Great. 

Olonne,  oMonn',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vend6e,  near  the 
Atlantic,  3  miles  N.  of  Les  Sables  d'Olonno,  with  a  small 
port.     Pop.  2033. 

Olonzac,  oM6s»*zik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ilfirault, 
on  the  Canal  du  Midi,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Narbonne.    P.  2004. 

Oloosinga,  Friendly  Islands.    See  Orosb.noa. 

Oloron,  an  island  of  France.    See  Oleros. 

Oioron,  oMo'r6N»'  (anc.  Iluro),  a  town  of  France,  In 
Basses-Pyr6n6es,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Pau,  at  the  confluence 
of  the  Aspe  and  Ossau.  Pop.  7223.  It  is  a  tribunal  of 
commerce,  and  has  trade  in  wool,  horses,  and  timber,  also 
manufactures  of  cutlery,  paper,  farina,  and  woollen  goods. 

Oloron,  Gave  d',  gav  do'loV6N°',  a  river  of  France, 
formed  by  the  junction  of  the  Gaves  of  Ossau  and  Aspe, 
flowing  N.W.,  joins  the  Pau  on  the  frontiers  of  the  depart- 
ment of  Landes.     Length,  45  miles. 

Clot,  o-lot',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  21  miles 
N.W.  of  Gerona,  on  the  Fluvia.  Pop.  9984.  It  is  situated 
at  the  foot  of  a  range  of  volcanic  hills,  and  has  2  parish 
churches,  cavalry  barracks,  and  a  hospitiil,  with  active 
manufactures  of  cotton  goods  and  woollen  caps,  tanneries, 
soap-factories,  and  paper-mills.  Near  it  are  numerous  cav- 
erns and  extinct  volcanic  craters. 

OIpe,  ol'p^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  Westphalia,  28  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Arnsberg.     Pop.  2462. 

Olsa,  ol'sJ,  a  river  of  Austria,  rises  near  the  N.E.  ex- 
tremity of  Moravia,  flows  N.N.W.  through  Austrian  Silesia, 
and  joins  the  Oder.     Length,  60  miles. 

Olsansk,  ol-sinsk',  a  village  of  Siberia,  government 
and  about  180  miles  N.N.E.  of  Irkootsk. 

Olscne,  oPsin'  or  ol-si'uQh,  a  village  of  Belgium,  In 
East  Flanders,  on  the  Lys,  with  a  station  on  the  railway 
to  Tournay,  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  2100. 

Olshana,  or  Olchana,  ol-shU'ni,  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Kharkov. 

Olshana,  or  Olchana,  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  89  miles  S.S.E.  of  Kiev, 

Olshnnsk,  oPshinsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  68  miles  S.S.W.  of  Voronezh. 

Olshany,  or  Olszany,  ol-shl'nee,  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  40  miles  S.E.  of  Vilna. 

Olst,  olst,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Ovcryssel,  6 
miles  N.  of  Deventer.     Pop.  of  commune,  4334, 

Olstyneb,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Houesstei.v, 

Olten,  ol't^n,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  20  miles  E.N.B.. 
of  Soleure,  on  the  Aar.     Pop.  2998. 

Oltenitza,  ol-t^-nit'sH,  a  town  of  Roumania,  on  th* 
Danube,  35  miles  S.E.  of  Bucharest,     Pop,  4100. 

OIti,  ol'tee.  a  border  town  of  Asiatic  Russia,  district 
and  55  miles  W.  of  Kars,  on  the  OIti.  It  is  a  very  ancient 
and  decayed  place.     Pop.  about  1500. 

Oltis,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Lot. 

Olnmpos,  the  Greek  name  of  Olympus. 

Olunshan,  or  Oiunchan,  o'lQn^sh&n',  a  mountain 
of  China,  in  Yun-Nan.     Lat.  23°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  100°  4'  E. 

OMus'tee,  a  post-village  of  Baker  co.,  Fla.,  on  tho 
Jacksonville,  Pensacola  &  Mobile  Railroad,  47  miles  W.  of 
Jacksonville,  The  Union  general  Seymour  was  defeated 
in  battle  here,  February  20,  1864.  Olustco  has  an  academy 
and  a  large  lumber-mill. 

Olustce  Creek,  Pike  eo,,  Ala,    See  Brier  Uilu 

Olutorskoi,  Kamchatka.    See  Oliootorsk. 

Olvenstadt,  ol'v^n-stitO,  a  village  of  Prussian  Sax 
ony,  4  miles  W.N.W.  of  Magdeburg.     Pop.  3361. 


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2or.o 


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Olvern,  ol-r4'r&  (ano.  llipnf),  a  toirn  of  Spain,  pror- 
inco  and  67  mtl*s  N.E.  of  Cadiz.     Pop.  6402. 

Oiviopolf  ol-vo-o'pol,  soinotimea  written  Oliviopol, 
a  town  of  Uu.isia,  government  nnd  137  miles  N.W.  of  Kber- 
■on,  on  a  railway,  and  on  the  Bug.     Pop.  5307. 

Olyka,ol'e  k&,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Volliynia,  100  miles 
N.W.  of  Zhitomeer. 

Olympin,  o-lim'pe-^  a  post-hamlet  of  Smyth  oo.,  Va., 
14  miles  N.N.B.  of  Marion.  It  has  a  church,  a  tannery, 
and  a  mill. 

Olympia,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Washington  and  of 
Thiir.stun  cu.,  is  on  a  peninsula,  situated  at  the  S.  extremity 
iif  Puget  Sound,  at  the  head  of  steam  navigation,  about  100 
miles  in  a  direct  line  N.  of  Portland,  Oregon,  and  65  miles 
E.  of  the  Pacific  Ocean.  It  is  near  lat.  47°  10'  N.  and  Ion. 
123°  W.  It  contains  a  state-house,  7  churches,  a  territorial 
library  with  5000  volumes,  an  academy,  a  bank,  4  hotels,  a 
brewery,  a  boat-yard,  a  steam  saw-mill,  a  large  flouring- 
mill,  and  2  shoo- factories.  Two  daily  and  4  weekly  news- 
papers are  published  here.  The  Des  Chutes  River,  which 
enters  the  sound  here,  aObrds  abundant  water-power.  Steam- 
boats depart  almost  daily  for  the  other  ports  on  Puget 
Sound.  In  the  immediate  vicinity  are  magnificent  forests 
of  fir.     Pop.  in  1880,  1262;  in  1890,  4698. 

Olympian  (o-lim'pe-%n)  Springs,  a  post-ofiSce  and 
watering-place  of  Bath  co.,  Ky.,  15  miles  E.  of  Mount  Ster- 
ling, and  about  50  miles  E.  of  Lexington.  Here  are  chalyb- 
eate springs,  sulphur  springs,  a  hotel,  and  a  church. 

Olympus,  o-lim'pus  (Gr.  OAvjuirov,  Olnmpds ;  Turk.  ^S'e- 
ntfiBat-Evi,  84-rai.-vS.t'-&'veo,  i.e.,  the  "abode  of  the  Celes- 
tials"), a  mountain-range  of  Thcssaly,  on  the  border  of 
Macedonia.  Its  summit,  famed  by  Homer  and  other  poets 
as  the  throne  of  the  gods,  is  30  miles  N.  of  Larissa,  in  lat. 
40°  4'  32"  N.,  Ion.  22°  25'  E.  Estimated  height,  9745  feet. 
Olym'pus,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pickett  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
Obie's  River,  about  110  miles  E.N.E.  of  Nashville. 

Ol  yphant,  ol'e-funt,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co..  Ark., 
8  miles  by  rail.S.W.  of  Newport. 

Olyphant,  a  post-borough  of  Lackawanna  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Lnckawnnna  River,  and  on  the  Delaware  &  Hudson 
Railroad,  about  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Scranton.  It  has  6 
churches  and  3  coal-breakers.  Pop.  in  1880,  2094 ;  in  1890, 
4083. 

Olzai,  ol'zi,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sardinia,  33 
miles  N.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  1177. 

Om,  om,  a  river  of  Asiatic  Russia,  in  Tomsk,  after  a 
S.W.  course  of  330  miles,  joins  the  Irtish  at  Omsk. 

Omagh,  ohui',  a  town  of  Ireland,  capital  of  the  co.  of 
Tyrone,  27  miles  by  railway  S.  of  Londonderry.  It  has 
the  remains  of  an  old  castle,  .an  elegant  county  court-house, 
county  jail,  barracks,  workhouse,  hospital,  <fec.  Pop.  363H. 
Omaha,  o'ma-hah,  the  metropolis  of  Nebraska,  and 
the  seat  of  justice'for  Douglas  co.,  is  pleasantly  situated  on 
the  W.  bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  18  miles  above  its  junc- 
tion with  the  Platte,  603  miles  by  rail  Vf.  of  Cliicngo,  47C> 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  St.  Louis,  and  145  miles  W.  of  Des 
Moines,  the  capital  of  Iowa.  Lat.  40°  16'  N. ;  Ion.  96° 
66'  W.  The  site  of  the  city  is  on  a  plateau  80  feet  above 
the  Missouri  River,  its  corporate  limits  extending  over  241 
square  miles,  within  which  are  148  miles  of  graded  streets, 
72  miles  of  paved  streets,  130  miles  of  curbing,  103  miles 
of  sewers,  and  445  miles  of  sidewalk  ;  these  improvements 
costing  $7,787,000.  The  city  has  2  cathedrals  and  107  other 
church  buildings,  the  University  of  Omaha,  Creighton  Col- 
lege, Brownell  Hall  (for  girls),  and  61  public  schools,  with 
an  attendance  of  20,000  pupils  ;  the  Omaha  Medical  College, 
the  Western  Art  Association,  the  state  institute  for  deaf  and 
dumb,  and  a  free  public  library  with  45,000  volumes.  Six 
hospitals,  with  property  valued  at  $1,000,000,  have  accom- 
modations for  700  patients.  There  are  140  manufacturing 
concerns,  with  a  capital  of  $22,000,000,  employing  9500  per- 
sons, and  producing  goods  valued  at  $80,000,000  per  year, 
and  170  wholesaling  houses,  with  a  capital  of  $9,000,000, 
•whose  annual  sales  aggregate  over  $50,000,000.  Omaha  is 
the  third  meat-packing  centre  in  the  world;  its  4  packing- 
houses have  $11,000,000  capital,  employ  5000  persons,  and 
produce  $45,000,000  worth  of  goods  annually.  The  stock- 
yards company  handles  3,000,000  head  of  live-stock  jier 
year.  The  smelting-works,  the  largest  in  the  world,  have 
an  annual  output  of  gold,  silver,  copper,  and  lead  valued 
at  $22,000,000.  The  headquarters  and  principal  shops  of 
the  Union  Pacific  Railroad  are  located  here,  giving  employ- 
ment to  2000  persons.  The  Burlington  <t  Missouri  River 
Railroad  in  Nebraska  and  the  Fremont,  Elkhorn  So  Mis- 
souri Valley  Railroad  also  have  their  headquarters  here. 
Besides  these  three  great  railroad  systems,  the  city  is 
entered  by  the  Missouri  Pacific,  Chicago  &  Northwestern, 


Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific,  Chtcngo,  Milwaukee  , 
St.  Paul,  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  A,  Omnba,  Siou 
City  A  Pacific,  Chicago,  Burlington  A,  Quincy,  nnd  Wabai 
Railroads.  The  Missouri  River  is  sjianncd  by  two  rui! 
road  bridges  and  one  wugon- bridge,  un  electric  streeton 
system  crossing  the  latter  and  connecting  Council  BluC 
with  Omaha.  Chief  among  the  public  buildings  are  tli 
United  States  court-house  and  post-office,  ooyting  tl,600 
000;  the  county  court  bouse,  costing  $300,000;  the  lilg 
school,  costing  $250,000,  and  surrounded  by  commodiui 
grounds  covering  an  area  of  10  acres;  the  ))uhlio  librar' 
erected  at  a  cost  of  $100,000;  the  "Bee"  building,  whic 
cost  $500,000;  the  New  York  Life  Insurance  Company 
building,  costing  $700,000,  and  the  Union  Depot,  costin 
$500,000.  There  are  2  daily  papers, — the  "  Bee"  and  tl 
"  World-Herald," — each  with  a  morning  and  an  even 
edition,  and  numerous  weekly  and  monthly  publicatioo 
among  them  German,  Swedish,  Danish,  and  Bohemian  jou 
nals.  Omaha  is  the  headquarters  of  the  Platte  miliini 
department,  with  10  companies  in  commodious  barracl 
just  N.  of  the  city.  A  new  post.  Fort  Crook,  is  being  eoi 
structed  several  miles  S.  of  the  city.  There  are  9  notion 
banks,  8  savings-banks,  and  2  state  banks,  with  an  agijr 
gate  capital  of  $5,500,000  and  deposits  of  $25,000,000.  Tl 
annual  receipts  at  the  United  States  custom-house  are  vn 
ued  at  $400,000.  The  water- works  company  has  on  invet 
ment  of  $7,000,000,  and  its  daily  pumping  capacity 
45,000,000  gallons.  The  reservoir  system  lias  a  capaci 
of  350,000,000  gallons.  The  source  of  su))port  is  the  exte 
sive  agricultural  and  mining  territory  to  the  W.  of  thecit 
Pop.  in  1870,  16,083;  in  1880,  30,518;  in  1890,  140,452. 

Omaha  Agency,  Blackbird  co..  Neb.   See  Blackbir 

Omaha  Barracks,  a  military  post  of  Douglas  ci 
Neb.,  4  miles  N.  of  Omaha.    The  post-oflice  is  FortOinnh 

Oman,  o^min'  (anc.  Omana,  or  Omanum},n  country 
Arabia,  in  the  S.E.,  between  the  Persian  Gulf  and  Arnbi 
Sea,  or  Sea  of  Oman.    Towns,  Rostak,  Muscat,  and  Minna 

Omanooau,an  island  ofthe  Pacific  Ocean.  SeeMxHD 

O'mar,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  on  t 
river  St.  Lawrence,  about  22  miles  N.  of  Watcrtown. 

Omar,  a  post-hamlet  of  Seneca  co.,  0.,  2i  miles  frc 
Attica  Station,  and  about  18  miles  E.  of  TifRn. 

Ombay,  om^bi',  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipel«{ 
N.  of  Timor.     Lat.  8°  15'  S.;  Ion.  125°  E. 

OmbOe,  om'bo'?h,  an  island  of  Norway,  in  Bukkcfioi 
20  miles  N.E.  of  Stavanger. 

Ombrie,  the  French  name  of  UMnniA. 

Ombronc,  om-bro'ni  (anc.  Um'brn),  a  river  of  Ita 
in  Tuscany,  enters  the  Mediterranean  10  miles  below  Gn 
seto,  after  a  course  of  75  miles. 

Ome'ga,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yell  co..  Ark.,  35  miles  S.' 
of  Russcllville. 

Omega,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Nevada  c 
Cal.,  9  miles  N.W.  of  the  Central  Pacilic  Railroad  (at  Eu 
grant  Gap  Station),  and  about  88  miles  N.E.  of  Sacramen 
It  has  a  church.    Gold  is  mined  here. 

Omega,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  III.,  in  Ome 
township,  6  miles  N.  of  luka.     Pop.  of  township,  12aS. 

Omega,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  Ind.,  about 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Indianapolis.     It  has  2  churches. 

Omega,  a  post-village  of  Hart  co.,  Ky.,  on  Grc 
River,  about  75  miles  S.  of  Louisville.  It  has  2  church 
a  seminary,  and  manufactures  of  ploughs  and  wagons, 

Omega,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co.,  0.,  on  or  near  I 
Scioto  River,  in  Jackson  township,  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  CI 
licothe.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 

Omega,  Hunts  Mills,  or  Clyde,  a  hamlet  in  E 
Providence  township,  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  on  Ten-M 
River,  i  mile  from  Rumford.     Pop.  172. 

Omega,  a  post-office  of  Upshur  co.,  Tex.,  10  miles 
of  Longview. 

Omega,  a  post-office  of  Halifax  co.,  Va. 

Omcgna,  o-m6n'y4,  a  town  of  Italy,  at  the  h.  ' 
tremity  of  the  Lake  of  Orta.     Pop.  1869. 

Omekon,  o-mi-kon',  a  river  of  Siberia,  govern): 
of  Yakootsk,  joins  the  Indighirka.     Length,  10(1  niiic- 

Ome'mee,  a  post-village  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Victon  . 
the  Midland  Railway,  33  miles  N.N.W.  of  Port  Iiopc. 
has  3  churches,  a  printing-office  issuing  a  weekly  ncy 
paper,  an  iron-foundry,  a  tannery,  saw-,  grist-,  and  woollf 
mills,  and  about  20  stores.     Pop.  600. 

Ome'na,  a  post-vill.age  of  Leelanaw  co.,  Micli..  on  ' 
W.  shore  of  Grand  Traverse  Bay,  22  miles  N.  of  Tnnd 
City.     It  has  a  good  harbor  and  a  church. 

O'menak-Fiord,  or  Jacob's  Bight,  a  noted  j 
of  iceberg  growth  and  distribution,  on  the  W.  coMi 
Qreei!3-d,  in  lat.  70°  40'  N. 


OME 


2061 


OXE 


i'^O'mer,  a  ])ost-village,  capital  of  Arenac  co.,  Mich.,  7 
jjcs  N.H-  «f  Standish.     It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and 

Omerkantak,  or  Omerkuntuc.    See  Amabakan- 

Omerkote,  a  town  of  India.    See  Ameukote. 
Onieta,  o-mi'tl,  a  town  of  British  India,  province  of 
Guzcrat,  20  uiiles  E.  of  Cambay. 

Onictcpe,  o-mi-ti-pi',  Ometcpet,  o-mi-ti-pat',  or 
Oinotepc,  o-ino-ti-pi',  a  volcanic  island  in  Lake  Nica- 
ra"ua,  towards  its  S.W.  side.     Length,  20  miles ;  breadth, 
ifrom  7  to  S  miles.     It  consists  of  two  granitic  mountains. 
Ion  which  are  the  two  villages  of  Ometepe  and  Muyagalpa. 
Oniio,  o'me-o,  a  post-office  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas. 
Omiiicn,   om'in?n,   a  town    of    the    Netherlands,    in 
Overyssol,  on  the  Vccht,  14  miles  E.  of  Zwolle.     Pop.  25S3. 
Oin'iiia,  a  township  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  1.S3. 
Unioa^  o-mo'i,  a  maritime  village  of  Honduras,  on  the 
Jiay  of  Honduras,  15  miles  E.  of  the  mouth  of  the  river 
ll'otagua.    Lat.  15°  47'  N.;  Ion.  88°  3'  W.     Most  of  the 
Imports  destined  for  Guatemala  and  San  Salvador  are  re- 
vived at  this  port.     Chief  exports,  hides,  skins,  mahogany, 
|nd  cattle.    Pop.  COO. 

I  Omoc,  o'mo'^h,  an  islet  of  Denmark,  in  the  S.  part  of 
jho  Great  Belt.     Length,  5  miles;  breadth,  1  mile. 
lOmoloiljO'mo-lon',  ariver  of  Siberia,  joins  the  Kolyma 
|o  miles  S.W.  of  its  mouth  in  the  Arctic  Ocean. 
I  Omonlcy,  or  Omoulcff,  Prussia.    See  Omulew. 
!  Om'pah,  a  post-village  in  Addington  co.,  Ontario,  on 
"rout  Lake,  47  miles  from  Perth.     Pop.  100. 

Umph  Ghent,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co..  111.,  about 
'3  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Alton. 
I  Omphis,  the  ancient  name  of  Bevoob. 
j  Ompomponoo'suc     (or     Ompompanoo'snck) 
kivefj  a  fine  mill-stream,  enters  the  Connecticut  in  Wind- 
lir  CO.,  Xt. 

'•  Ompta,  a  town  of  Bengal.    See  Ampata. 
Omrah,  om'ri,  a  fortified  town  of  India,  dominions  of 
iloun,  26  miles  E.  of  Ditteah. 

jOni'ro,  a  post-village  in  Omro  township,  Winnebago 
.,  AVis.,  on  the  right  bank  of  Fox  River,  10  miles  "\V.  of 
hkosh,  and  99  miles  N.N.W.  of  Milwaukee,  with  which 
I  is  connected  by  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
liilroad.  It  contains  a  bank,  a  high  school,  4  churches,  a 
wspapor  office,  and  several  mills,  and  has  manufactures 
j  lumber,  machinery,  window-glass,  carriages,  cheese,  <fec. 
jp.  in  1890,  1239  ;  of  the  township,  2270. 
{Omsk,  Omsk,  a  fortified  town  of  Asiatic  Russia,  gov- 
^mont  of  Akmollinsk,  on  the  Irtish,  at  the  confluence  of 
J!  Om.  Lat.  54°  57'  N. ;  Ion.  73°  40'  E.  It  has  a  mili- 
{y  school,  founded  by  the  Emperor  Alexander,  for  250 
Jnils,  who  are  instructed  in  the  Kirghcez  and  Mongol  lan- 
|(iges,  drawing,  and  geography,  a  Cossack  school,  a  hospi- 
l„  manufactures  of  military  clothing,  and  some  handsome 
l'f)lio  buildings.  Pop.  30,559,  mostly  exiles. 
Jmulew,  o'moo-lfiv^  (Pol.  pron.  o-moo'16v),  written 
«)  Omoulev,  or  Omoulefl,  a  river  of  Prussia,  gov- 
cmcnt  of  Konigsbcrg,  flows  S.E.,  enters  Poland,  and 
j'ls  the  Narew  on  the  right.     Length,  about  70  miles. 

)niuii,  o^moon'  (?),  a  town  of  Guinea,  capital  of  a  ter- 
f  .ry.  on  an  island  in  the  Old  Calabar  or  Cross  River.   Lat. 
6)'  N.;  Ion.  8°  15'  E.     Estimated  pop.  5000. 
hiizimkolo,  a  river  of  Asia.    See  Umzimkulu. 
l>na,  o'ni,  a  river  of  Siberia,  rises  on  the  S.W.  frontiers 
olrkootsk,  flows  N.N.AV.,  and  joins  the  Choona  to  form 
tlTasieva,  an  afHuent  of  the  Yenisei.    Length,  280  miles. 
'nncusa,  Pacific  Ocean.     See  Hunter's  Island. 
na'ga,  a  post-office  of  Pottawatomie  co.,  Kansas,  on 
tlKansas  Central  Railroad,  28  miles  AV.  of  llolton. 

'nail,  o'nil',  a  town  of  India,  Gwalior  dominions,  18 
m  s  N.N.W.  of  Oojein. 
tnakutan,  one  of  the  Kooril  Islands.    See  Onekotan. 
'n^alas'ka,  a  post-village  in  Onalaska  township.  La 
Ci'Se  CO.,  Wis.,  on  Black  River,  4  miles  from  its  "mouth, 
aeon  the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  and  Green  Bay  &,  Min- 
"«a  Railroads,  4  or  5  miles  N.  of  La  Crosse.     It  has  a 
in 'oh  and  several  steam  saw-mills.     The  manufacture  of 
]»  lumber  is  the  piineipal  business  of  the  place.     Pop. 
in'190,  1587;  of  the  township,  additional,  1030. 
'iiiilaska  Island.    See  Oonalaska. 
nalego,  o-ni-li'go,  one  of  the  Marquesas  Islands,  in 
tnfaoifie  Ocean. 

fian'cock,  a  post-village  of  Aocomack  co.,  Va.,  near 
^0  ipoake  Bay,  about  70  miles  N.N.E.  of  Norfolk.  It  has 
j  c  rohes,  a  college,  a  newspaper  office,  7  stores,  and  raanu- 
w;re8  of  carriages  and  furniture.  A  steamboat  plies  be- 
'W';i  this  place  and  Baltimore. 


Onar'ga,  a  post-village  in  Onarga  township,  Iroquois 
CO.,  III.,  on  the  Chicago  division  of  the  Illinois  Central 
Railroad,  85  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Chicago,  and  43  miles  N.  by 
E.  of  Champaign.  It  has  a  bank,  7  or  8  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  graded  school,  the  Grand  Prairie  Seminary 
and  Commercial  College,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  flax, 
and  wagons.     Pop.  in  1890,  994;  of  the  township,  21-15. 

Ofiate,  on-yil'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Guipuzcoa,  30 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Bilbao.  Pop.  4812.  It  has  a  fine  town 
hall,  3  parish  churches,  a  hospital,  a  university,  a  college, 
and  iron-foundries,  nail-fiictorics,  and  gun-factories. 

OWiativ'ia,  a  station  in  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Syracuse,  Binghamton  <fc  New  York  Railroad,  14  miles  S 
of  Syr.acuse. 

Ouawa,  6n'a-wa,  or  Onawa  City,  a  post-village, 
capital  of  Monona  co.,  Iowa,  in  Franklin  township,  on  the 
Sioux  City  &  Pacific  Railroad,  37  miles  S.S.E.  of  Sioux  City, 
and  4  miles  E.  of  the  Missouri  River.  It  has  a  bank,  3 
churches,  a  foundry,  and  2  newspapers.    Pop.  (1890)  1358. 

On'berg,  a  post-office  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa.,  about  40' 
miles  AV.N.AV.  of  Altoona. 

Onda,  on'di,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  10  miles 
AV.S.W.  of  Castellon  de  la  Plana.     Pop.  4670. 

Ondara,  on-di'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  about 
60  miles  from  Alicante.     Pop.  2235. 

Ondaree,  on'dA-ree\  a  small  island  of  India,  off  the 
harbor  of  Bombay,  about  1  mile  from  the  mainland. 

Ondarroa,  on-dan-no'l,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of 
Biscay,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Bilbao,  on  the  Bay  of  Biscay. 

Onea  Ilalgan,  o-n.^'il  hil'gin',  or  simply  Ilalgan, 
an  island  in  the  South  Pacific,  forming  the  most  northern 
of  the  large  islands  of  the  Loyalty  group.  Lat.  20°  33'  33" 
S. ;  Ion.  166°  26'  14"  E. 

O'Neal,  o-ncel',  a  township  of  San  Joaquin  co.,  Cal,' 
Pop.  1719. 

O'Neal,  a  post-township  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C.  Pop. 
1348.     O'Neal  Post-Office  is  7  miles  from  Greer's  Depot. 

O'Neal's,  o-ncelz',  a  post-office  of  Amite  co..  Miss.,  11 
miles  N.  of  Liberty. 

O'Neal's,  a  township  of  Johnston  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  1294. 

O'Neal's  31ilis,  a  post-office  of  Troup  co.,  Ga.,  9  miles 
S.E.  of  La  Grange.     Here  is  a  flour-mill. 

One  and  a  Half  Degree  Chan'ncI,  a  passage 
through  the  Maldivo  Islands,  in  the  Indian  Ocean.  It  is 
about  50  miles  wide,  and  is  frequently  used  by  vessels  j)ro- 
ceeding  to  Ceylon,  in  the  west  monsoon. 

Oneata,  o-nd-l'ti,  one  of  the  smaller  Feejee  Islands. 
Lat.  18°  24'  S.;  Ion.  178°  31'  W. 

Oneat'ta,  a  post-office  of  Benton  oo.,  Oregon. 

One'co,  a  post-village  in  Sterling  township,  Windham 
CO.,  Conn.,  on  the  Moosup  River,  and  on  the  Hartford,  Provi- 
dence &  Fishkill  Railroad,  31  miles  E.  of  Willimantic.  It 
has  a  cotton -factory  and  a  stone-quarry. 

Oneco,  a  post-hamlet  in  Oneco  township,  Stephenson 
CO.,  111.,  about  14  miles  N.  of  Freeport.  The  township  con- 
tains Orangcvillo  and  5  churches.     Pop.  1401. 

Oneeow,  or  Oneechow.    See  Nihau. 

Onc'ga  (Russ.  pron.  o-n4'gi),  a  river  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernments of  Olonetz  and  Archangel,  rises  in  Lake  Latcha, 
and,  after  a  N.  course  of  250  miles,  enters  the  Gulf  of 
Onega  at  its  S.E.  extremity.  Numerous  falls  render  it 
innavigable,  but  in  spring  many  rafts  are  floated  on  it  to 
the  sea.    See  Lake  Onega  and  Gulf  of  Onega. 

Onega,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  85  miles 
S.W.  of  Archangel,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Onega  River  in 
the  Gulf  of  Onega.     Pop.  2274. 

Oneglia,  o-n61'y4,  a  town  of  Italy,  41  miles  by  rail 
E.N.E.  of  Nice,  on  the  Gulf  of  Genoa.  Pop.  8047.  It  has 
remains  of  fortifications,  destroyed  by  the  French  in  179", 
some  decaying  churches  and  convents,  a  college,  prison, 
and  a  small  port. 

One  Hundred  and  Two  River.    See  IIundrei* 

AND  Two. 

Onehiin'ga,  a  town  of  New  Zealand,  on  Manukau 
Harbor,  6  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Auckland,  of  which  it  is 
one  of  the  ports.     Pop.  1913. 

Oneida,  o-ni'da,  a  large  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of 
Idaho.  It  is  intersected  by  Bear  River,  is  bounded  on  the 
N.AV.  by  the  Snake  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Port 
Neuf,  Blackfoot,  and  John  Gray's  Rivers.  The  surface  is 
mountainous,  and  presents  beautiful  scenery.  Among  its 
prominent  features  are  the  three  Tetons  in  the  N.E.  part. 
One  of  these,  named  Mount  Hayden  (formerly  Grand  Te- 
ton), is  13,858  feet  high.  The  highlands  are  covered  with 
extensive  forests  of  pine  and  other  evergreen  trees.  The 
plains  and  low  hills  are  destitute  of  forest  trees.  The  soil 
of  the  valleys  is  fertile.     Gold  is  found  in  this  county, 


OXB 


2062 


0X0 


wliioh  nl«o  oontnins  rolonnic  rock*.  It  in  iiitersoote<l  by  the 
Union  PaoiBo  Kuilruiid.  Aren,  270U  fqunre  iiiilot.  Capital, 
Malod  City.     Pop.  in  I8S0,  OUOt ;  in  I8U0,  6810. 

Oneida*  a  county  of  Now  York,  is  near  the  middle  of 
the  atate.  Area,  1  \Vt\  square  miles.  It  is  b(>undo<l  on  the 
6.\V.  by  Oneida  Creek  and  Oneida  Lake,  and  ia  drained  by 
the  Mohawk  and  Ulock  Rivera,  and  Oriaknny,  Fiah,  and 
AVoat  Canada  Croeka.  The  Chenango  and  Unadilln  Kivera 
rifo  in  tbia  oounty.  The  aurfuce  ia  partly  undulating,  and 
In  some  plaoea  noitrly  level.  The  aoil  ia  fertile,  and  mostly 
adapted  to  pasturage  and  dairies.  Hay,  butter,  cheese, 
oats,  potatoes,  hops,  cattle,  and  Indian  corn  are  the  Ptaple 
products.  This  oounty  has  extensive  manufactures  of  cot- 
ton goods,  woollen  goods,  leather,  and  other  articles. 
Trenton  limestone  (Lower  Silurian)  crops  out  at  the  cel- 
ebrated Trenton  Falls,  16  miles  N.  of  Utica.  Among  the 
other  minerals  of  this  county  are  gy|>sum,  Utioa  slate, 
iron  ore,  and  hydraulic  limestone.  It  is  inter!)octed  by  the 
Erie  and  Black  River  Canal:<,  and  the  New  York  Central 
St  Hudson  River  Railroad,  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  A. 
Western  Railroad,  the  New  York,  Ontario  &  Western  Rail- 
road, the  Rome,  Wntertown  &  Ogdensburg  Railroivd,  and 
the  West  Shore  Railroad.  These  railroads  nil  centre  at 
Ution,  which  is  the  on))itnl  of  this  county.  Pop.  in  1870, 
110,008;  in  1880,  115,475;  in  1890,  122,922. 

Oneida*  a  post- village  of  Bingham  co.,  Idaho,  40  miles 
S.  of  Blaokioot.     It  has  general  stores.     Pop.  about  120. 

Oneida*  a  post-town  in  Ontario  township,  Knox  co., 
III.,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  12  miles 
N.E.  of  Qalosburg,  and  11  miles  S.W.  of  Oalva.  It  con- 
tains 2  banks,  6  churches,  and  a  graded  school-house,  and 
has  manufactures  of  furniture,  pumps,  and  wagons.  Pop. 
1034.  It  is  surrounded  by  rich  prairies,  in  which  coal  is 
found  about  20  feet  below  the  surface. 

Oneida,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  Iowa.   Pop.  1368. 

Oneida,  a  township  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  790. 

Oneida,  a  post-ofiSce  of'Neraaha  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  St. 
Joseph  &  Denver  City  Railroad,  8^  miles  E.  of  Seneca. 

Oneida,  a  township  of  Eaton  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  2399. 
It  contains  the  village  of  Grand  Ledge. 

Oneida,  a  post-village  in  Lenox  township,  Madison 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  Oneida  Creek,  and  on  the  New 
York  Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  New  York  & 
Oswego  Midland  Railrotul,  2  miles  S.  of  the  Erie  Canal,  26 
miles  E.  of  Syracuse,  27  miles  W.  of  Utica,  and  58  miles 
t;.E.  of  Oswego.  It  contains  5  churches,  2  fine  public  halls, 
a  national  bank,  a  state  bank,  a  savings-bank,  several  flour- 
ing-mills  and  breweries,  a  steam  knitting-mill,  a  planing- 
mill,  a  foundry,  manufactures  of  steam-engines  and  car- 
riages, and  printing-offices  which  issue  2  weekly  newspapers. 
The  streets  are  lighted  with  gas.  Large  quantities  of  hops 
Rnd  dairy-products  are  produced  in  the  vicinity  and  ex- 
ported from  this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  6083. 

Oneida,  or  Oneida  Mills,  a  post- village  in  Brown 
township,  Carroll  co.,  0.,  on  Sandy  Creek,  on  the  Tusca- 
rawas Branch  of  the  Cleveland  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  and 
on  the  Ohio  it  Toledo  Railroad,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Carrollton, 
and  75  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cleveland.  It  has  2  grist-mills  and 
about  25  houses.     Here  is  Oneida  Mills  Post-OfSce. 

Oneida,  a  township  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.     Pop.  386. 

Oneida,  a  post-village  of  Brown  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Green 
Bay  &  Minnesota  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Green  Bay. 
It  has  2  churches.  Here  is  a  reservation  of  Oneida  Indians 
who  came  from  New  York. 

Oneida,  a  post-village  in  Ilaldimand  co.,  Ontario,  near 
Cayuga.     Pop.  200. 

Oneida  Castle,  a  post-village  in  Vernon  township, 
Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Oneida  Creek,  and  on  the  New  York  and 
Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  about  20  miles  W.  of  Utioa,  and 
2  miles  S.  of  the  village  of  Oneida.  It  has  a  churoh,  a 
union  school,  and  a  cigar-factory.    Pop.  262. 

Oneida  Commnnity,  a  village  on  the  Now  York 
Midland  Railroad,  in  Lenox  township,  Madison  co.,  N.Y., 
and  in  Vernon  township,  Oneida  co.,  4  miles  S.  of  Oneida. 
Here  dwell  most  of  the  followers  of  J.  H.  Noyes,  a  religious 
and  social  innovator,  who  founded  this  place  in  1848,  Steel 
traps,  sewing-silk,  ribbons,  leathern  bags,  canned  goods, 
plated  ware,  <fec.,  are  among  the  articles  here  manufactured. 
Oneida  Creek  furniiihes  wntcr-power.  A  weekly  paper  is 
issued  here.     Post-office,  Community. 

Oneida  Creek,  New  York,  rises  in  Madison  co.,  runs 
nearly  northward,  forms  the  boundary  between  the  cos.  of 
Madison  and  Oneida,  and  enters  the  E.  end  of  Oneida  Lake. 

Oneida  Lake,  New  York,  is  near  the  middle  of  the 
■tate,  and  12  miles  N.E.  of  Syracuse.  It  washes  the  N. 
border  of  Madison  co.  and  the  S.  border  of  Oswego,  also 
touches  the  W.  part  of  Oneida  co.     It  is  about  20  milea 


long,  and  its  greatest  width  ia  6  miles. 
Oneida  River. 


Its  outlet  U  thi 


Oneida  Lake,  •  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  og 
the  lake  of  the  same  name,  about  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Syrv 
ousc.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Oneida  Mills,  Carroll  co.,  0.    See  O.nkida. 

Oneida  Uiver,  New  York,  issues  from  the  W.  ex 
trennty  of  Oneida  Lake,  and  forms  part  of  the  boundarj 
between  the  cos.  of  Onondaga  and  Oswego.  It  ia  nearly  1( 
miles  long,  and  unites  with  the  Seneca  River  about  12uiilM 
N.N.W.  of  Syracuse  to  form  the  Oswego  River. 

Oneida  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Lenox  township 
Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Rome.     Pop.  273. 

O'Neill,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Holt  co.,  Neb.,  at  i 
railway  junction,  129  miles  W.  of  Sioux  City.  It  hM  i 
newspaper  oflices  and  numerous  business  concerns.  Pod 
in  1890,  1226.  ' 

Onekama,  o-nek'^-mii,  a  post-hnmlct  in  Onekami 
township,  Manistee  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Jlichigan  and  Por 
tage  Lake,  10  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Manistee.  It  has  sevora 
lumber-mills.  Pop.  of  the  township,  684.  Portage  Lnk 
forms  a  gooil  harbor,  and  is  connected  with  Lake  Micbigni 
by  a  strait  or  outlet. 

Onekotan,  o-na-ko-t&n',  or  Onnkutan,  o'nil-koo 
t&n',  or  Aniakootan,  H-iu^-koo-tin',  one  of  the  Koori 
Islands,  off  the  S.  extremity  of  Kamchatka,  between  tb 
Pacific  Ocean  and  the  Sea  of  Okhotsk.     Lat.  49°  24'  N 
Ion.  155°  E.     Length,  30  miles;  breadth,  15  miles. 

Onemen,  o-mv-min',  a  river  of  Siberia,  flows  N.E.,  ani 
falls  into  the  gulf  of  the  same  name,  forming  the  estuar; 
of  the  Anadeer,  in  Behring  Sea.     Length,  90  miles. 

Oneon'ta,  a  post-village  in  Oneonta  township,  Otseg 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Albany  4 
Susquehanna  Railroad,  82  miles  W.S.W.  of  Albany,  and  6 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Bingliamton.  It  contains  5  churches, 
national  bank,  2  other  banks,  2  newspaper  oflices,  scvera 
factories,  and  mills  and  machine-shops  of  the  railrotid  com 
pany.     Pop.  in  1880,  3002  ;  in   1890,6272. 

Oneonta  Plains,  a  hamlet  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  2  mile 
from  Oneonta.     It  has  a  church. 

Oneo'ta,  a  post-hamlet  in  Oneota  township,  St.  Loui 
CO.,  Minn.,  on  Lake  Superior,  at  the  mouth  of  St.  Lou 
River,  and  on  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  4  miles  S.^^ 
of  Duluth.     It  has  a  church.    Pop.  65  ;  of  township,  130 

Oneyville,  o'ne-vil,  a  post-office  of  Davidson  co.,  Tcni 

Onghin,  on-gheen',  a  river  of  Mongolia,  rises  nboi 
lat.  46°  N.,  Ion.  104°  E.,  flows  S.E.,  and  discharges  itscl 
into  the  lake  Kooragan-Oolan-Nor,  on  the  N.  of  the  Deaci 
of  Gobi.    Total  course,  200  miles. 

Onglahy,  a  river  of  Madagascar.    See  Daiitmouth 

Ongole,  ong^gol',  or  Angula,  &n-goo'la,  a  town  0 
India,  170  miles  N.  of  Madras,  irregularly  and  meani 
built,  having  a  stone  fort  on  the  margin  of  a  fine  lake.  1 
is  the  seat  of  a  Baptist  college  and  a  woman's  normal  scboo 
Pop.,  with  suburbs,  31,666. 

Onihow,  Hawaiian  Islands.    See  NinAU. 

Onikszti,  or  Onikshti,  o-niksh'tee,  written  ali 
Onikcht,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  65  mil 
N.N.W.  of  Vilna. 

Onil,  o-neel',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  25  mill 
N.W.  of  Alicante.     Pop.  2260. 

Onion  (Sn'yun)  Creek,  or  Wa'terstown,  a  pot 
hamlet  of  Travis'co.,  Tex.,  11  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Austin 
has  a  church. 

Onion  River,  Vermont.    See  Wixooski. 

Onion  River,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Sheboygan  co.,  rui 
first  southeastward,  and  finally  northward,  and  entcn  tl 
Sheboygan  River  at  Sheboygan  Falls. 

Onion  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shcboygnn  co.,  Wii 
on  a  stream  of  the  same  name,  i  mile  from  Waldo  on  tl 
Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  and  50  miles  N.  of  Milwaukc 
It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  chccsc-factory. 

Onis,  o-neess',  or  Onsa,  on'sl,  an  island  of  Spain, 
the  entrance  of  the  Bay  of  Pontevedra,  lat.  42°  20'  N. 

Onkerzeele,  Ank'^r-zi'lth,  a  villnge  of  Belgium, 
East  Flanders,  on  the  Dendcr,  27  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ghent.  1 

Onnaing,  on*n4N<»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  4  milj 
N.E.  of  Valenciennes.  It  has  manufactures  of  crockeri 
soap,  and  sugar.     Pop.  3933. 

O'no,  one  of  the  largest  of  the  Friendly  Islnnds,  in  tl 
Pacific  Ocean.     Lat.  18°  65'  S.;  Ion.  178°  25'  W. 

Ono,  5-no',  a  post-office  of  Grundy  co.,  Mo.,  at  Bra* 
field,  13  miles  E.  of  Spickardsville. 

Ono,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lebanon  co..  Pa.,  about  22  mil 
E.N.E.  of  llarrisburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

One,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pierce  co..  Wis.  It  has  s  lumM 
miU. 


0X0 


2063 


ONT 


Onoba,  the  ancient  name  of  IIuelta. 

O'liock,  a  hamlet  and  summer  resort  of  Southampton 
township,  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Moriches  Bay,  near  the  vil- 
Jage  of  Wcstharapton. 

Oiiod,  o'nod',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Borsod,  on 
the  Sajo,  an  affluent  of  the  Theiss,  46  miles  N.W.  of  De- 
broczin.     Pop.  2056. 

Oiioko,  Pennsylvania.    See  Glen  Onoko. 

O^iion',  a  river  of  Mongolia  and  Asiatic  Eussia,  after 
a  N.W.  course  of  380  miles  joins  the  Ingoda,  40  miles  W.  of 
Nertchinsk.  to  form  the  Shilka. 

Onondaga,  on-on-daw'ga,  a  county  in  Central  New 
York,  has  an  area  of  about  824  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  Oneida  Lake  and  Oneida  River,  on  the  S.W. 
by  Skaneateles  Lake,  and  is  intersected  by  Seneca  River, 
and  drained  by  Chittenango  and  Onondaga  Creeks.  The 
surface  is  partly  hilly  and  partly  level  or  undulating. 
The  western  portion  of  the  Great  Level  is  in  this  county. 
The  soil  is  mostly  calcareous  and  fertile.  Here  are  forests 
of  the  oak,  ash,  beech,  elm,  sugar-maple,  and  other  trees. 
Butter,  hay,  oats,  wheat,  barley,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and 
potatoes  are  the  staple  products  of  the  farms.  Among  its 
mineral  resources  are  salt,  cornifcrous  limestone,  gypsum, 
and  Onondaga  limestone,  which  is  a  good  material  for  build- 
ing. Salt  is  obtained  from  springs  in  the  vicinity  of  Syra- 
icuse,  and  the  value  of  the  salt  exported  from  this  county 
lometimes  exceeds  $1,000,000  annually.  The  county  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Erie  Canal,  and  by  the  New  York  Central 
^Hnilroad,  the  Delaware,  L.ickawanna  &  Western  Railroad, 
•and  other  lines,  all  of  which  centre  at  Syracuse,  the  capital 
,«f  this  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  104,183;  in  1880,  117,893; 
iin  1890,  146,247. 

t  Onondaga,  a  post-village  in  Onondaga  township,  Ing- 
jhainco.,Mich.,  on  Grand  River,  and  on  the  Grand  River  Val- 
ley Railroad,  17  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Jackson,  and  18  miles  S. 
pf  Lansing.  It  has  a  church,  a  Hour-miil,  2  mineral  wells, 
lind  a  steam  saw-mill.     Pop.  200  ;  of  the  township,  1262. 

Onondaga,  or  Onondaga  Hill,  a  post-village  of 
)nondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  a  township  of  the  samo  name,  4 
iiiies  S.W.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  3  churches.  Pop.  176. 
{lere  is  Onondaga  Post-Officc.  The  township  is  drained 
fy  Onondaga  Creek,  and  contains  a  larger  village,  named 
fnondaga  Valley,  also  hamlets  named  Danforth,  Navarino, 
ind  llowlct  Hill.  Pop.  of  the  township,  6038. 
I  Onondaga,  a  post-village  in  Brant  co.,  Ontario,  on 
he  Grand  River,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  7i 
'liles  E.  of  Brantford.     Pop.  400. 

Onondaga  Castle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Onondaga  co., 

.Y.,  about  7  miles  S.  of  Syracuse. 

Onondaga  Creek,  New  York,  rises  in  the  S.  part  of 
iQondaga  co.,  runs  N.,  and  enters  Onondaga  Lake. 
I  Onondaga  Lake,  New  York,  is  in  Onondaga  co., 
oout  2  miles  N.W.  of  Syracuse.     The  water  is  impure 

•  saline.  "  This  small  but  interesting  lake,"  says  Van- 
tem,  "  is  about  5  miles  in  length  and  about  a  mile  in 
cadth ;  its  greatest  depth  63  feet.  It  is  the  remains  of 
I  ancient  and  deep  excavation  in  the  Onondaga  salt  group, 

which  Onondaga  Valley  forms  the  S.  part,  all  which  has 
en  filled  up  with  sand,  gravel,  <feo.,  except  the  part  occu- 
fld  by  the  lake."   In  this  vicinity  are  the  most  productive 
It  springs  in  the  United  States.    Elevation,  361  feet.    Its 
■.ters  pass  by  a  short  outlet  to  Seneca  River. 
Onondaga  Valley,  a  post-village  in  Onondaga  town- 
^ip,  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  and  on  a  creek  of  the  same  name, 
a  beautiful  valley,  about  4  miles  S.  of  Syracuse.    It  con- 
ns 2  churches  and  the  Onondaga  Academy.     Pop.  571. 
Onore,  a  seaport  town  of  India.    See  Honawar. 
Ono'ta,  a  post- village  of  Alger  co.,  Mich.,  in  Onota 
fnship,  on  the  S.  shore  of  Lake  Superior,  40  miles  E.  by 
jiof  Marquette,  and  2  miles  S.W.  of  Grand  Island.     It 

•  i  a  blast-furnace  and  a  church.  Pop.  of  township,  517. 
,9'noville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  near 
J^  Alleghany  River,  and  about  18  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Little 
'lley. 

)nru8t,  on'rust,  a  small  island  off  the  N.  coast  of  Java, 
i.r  Batavia,  with  the  government  ship-yard. 

)nsa,  an  island  of  Spain.    See  Onis. 

Jus'low,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  North  Carolina, 
'  an  area  of  about  640  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
t  S.E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  is  drained  by  New 
1  er.  The  surface  is  level,  and  extensively  covered  with 
Pe  forests.  The  soil  is  sandy.  The  S.  part  is  occupied 
tmarshes.  Indian  corn,  cotton,  pork,  and  sweet  potatoes 
»  (he  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
jmington,  Onslow  &  East  Carolina  Railroad.  Capital, 
Jiksonville.     Pop.  in  1880,  9829  ;  in  1890,  10,303. 

tnslow,  a  post-village  of  Jones  co.,  Iowa,  on   the 


Clinton  &  Anamosa  Railroad,  14  miles  E.  of  Anamosa.  Ik 
has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Ons'low,  a  seaport  town  of  Nova  Scotia,  co.  of  Col- 
chester, on  the  estuary  of  Salmon  River,  opposite  Truro,  66 
miles  N.  of  Halifax.     Pop.  250. 

Onslow,  or  Quio,  kee^o',  a  river-port  of  Quebec,  co. 
of  Ottawa,  on  the  Ottawa  River,  25  miles  from  Aylmer.  It 
contains  6  stores,  3  hotels,  and  several  mills,  and  hag  a  large 
lumber-trade.     Pop.  500. 

Onslow  Bay,  on  the  coast  of  North  Carolina,  extends 
for  80  miles  between  Capes  Fear  and  Lookout. 

Onstwcdde,  6nst'wSdM¥h,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, province  and  25  miles  S.E.  of  Groningen.  Pop.  of 
commune,  6046. 

Ontario,  on-ti're-o,  the  smallest  and  most  easterly  of 
the  five  great  lakes  of  the  United  States  and  Canada,  forms 
part  of  the  boundary  between  New  York  and  the  British 
province  of  Ontario.  It  is  about  190  miles  long  on  a  lino 
drawn  nearly  east  and  west,  and  is  55  miles  wide  at  the 
bro.adest  part.  Area,  about  6500  square  miles.  The  mean 
depth  is  about  500  feet,  and  the  greatest  depth  more  than 
600  feet.  The  surface  is  232  feet  higher  than  the  level  of 
the  sea.  It  is  connected  with  Lake  Erie  by  the  Niagara 
River,  which  enters  Lake  Ontario  about  40  miles  from  its 
W.  extremity.  Vessels  pass  from  one  of  these  lakes  to  the 
other  by  the  Welland  Canal,  which  is  in  Canada,  and  is  28 
miles  long.  Lake  Ontario  is  never  closed  by  ice,  and  the 
water  freezes  only  near  the  shore  where  it  is  shallow.  Its 
outlet  is  the  St.  Lawrence  River,  which  issues  from  the 
E.  end  of  the  lake.  The  chief  towns  on  the  shores  of  the 
lake  are  Oswego,  Toronto,  Kingston,  and  Hamilton.  The 
largest  rivers  that  enter  it,  besides  the  Niagara,  arc  the 
Genesee,  Oswego,  and  Black  Rivers.  It  contains  an  abun- 
dance of  fish.  "The  basin  of  Lake  Ontario,"  says  Pro- 
fessor Hall,  "is  excavated  in  the  Medina  sandstone,  the 
Grey  sandstone,  the  Hudson  River  group  of  shales  and 
sandstones,  and  towards  its  E.  extremity  is  the  Trenton 
limestone.  It  appears  probable,  however,  as  stated  by  Mr. 
Vanuxem,  that  the  Trenton  limestone  forms  the  bed  of  this 
lake,  its  estimated  general  depth  reaching  about  to  the  sur- 
face of  that  rock." 

Onta'rio,  formerly  Upper  Canada,  or  Canada 
West,  a  province  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  is  bounded 
on  the  N.E.  and  E.  by  the  province  of  Quebec,  on  the  S.E., 
S.S.W.,  and  W.  by  the  river  St.  Lawrence  and  its  great 
lakes  and  the  province  of  Manitoba,  and  on  the  N.W.  and 
N.  by  the  district  of  Keewatin,  Hudson's  Bay,  and  the 
North-West  Territories.  Length,  from  S.E.  to  N.W.,  about 
750  miles,  and  from  N.E.  to  S.W.,  about  600  miles.  Area, 
222,000  square  miles.  Area  of  the  Ontario  frontier  waters 
of  the  St.  Lawrence  and  its  large  lakes,  27,094  square  miles. ' 

The  surface  of  the  country  is  diversified  by  rivers  and 
lakes,  a  main  watershed  separating  the  waters  of  the  Ot 
tawa  from  those  of  the  St.  L.awrence,  and  a  minor  one  di. 
viding  the  streams  flowing  into  Lake  Simcoe  and  Lake 
Huron  from  those  flowing  into  Lakes  Erie  and  Ontario. 

The  agricultural  resources  of  the  country  are  very  great. 
The  fertile  belt  extends  over  three-fourths  of  the  present 
inh.ibited  parts,  and  a  vast  arable  area  besides  this  is  open 
for  settlement.  Immense  crops  of  wheat  are  raised,  also 
oats,  barley,  Indian  corn,  rye,  potatoes,  turnips,  Ac.  The 
apple-orchards  of  the  southwestern  counties  are  very  pro- 
ductive, and  pears,  plums,  grapes,  cherries,  and  various 
kinds  of  berries  thrive. 

The  principal  rivers  of  Ontario  are  the  tributaries  of  the 
Ottiiwa ;  the  French,  the  Maganetawan,  the  Severn,  and 
the  Nottawasnga,  falling  into  Georgian  Bay ;  the  Saugeen, 
the  Maitland,  and  the  Aux  Sables,  falling  into  Lake  Huron  ; 
the  Thames,  running  S.W.  into  Lake  St.  Clair ;  the  Grand, 
flowing  S.E.  into  Lake  Erie ;  the  Trent,  in  part  of  its  course 
called  the  Otonabee,  and  the  Moira,  flowing  S.E.  into  the 
Bay  of  Quinte ;  the  Niagara,  falling  into  Lake  Ontario, 
and  the  St.  Lawrence.  The  Ottawa  forms  part  of  its  N.E. 
boundary.  The  lakes  of  Ontario  are  numerous,  the  aggre- 
gate area  of  the  waters  belonging  to  the  province,  not  count- 
ing the  larger  lakes  which  receive  its  waters  (Superior, 
Huron,  Erie,  and  Ontario),  is  estimated  nt  2350  square 
miles.  Among  the  minor  lakes  are  Nipigon,  Simcoe,  Nipis- 
sing,  Ac.  The  principal  bays  are  the  Georgian,  Nottawasaga, 
Owen  Sound,  Long  Point,  Burlington,  and  Quinte. 

The  mineral  wealth  of  the  country  is  remarkable  in 
variety  and  richness.  Iron  is  found  in  large  quantities  a 
short  distance  back  of  Lake  Ontario,  in  the  country  between 
Georgian  Bay  and  the  Ottawa ;  also,  in  the  samo  region, 
copper,  lead,  plumbago,  antimony,  arsenic,  manganese, 
gypsum,  marble,  and  building-stone.  Gold  has  also  been 
found  in  the  same  region.    On  the  N.  shore  of  Lake  Huron 


ONT 


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OOA 


«ro  oxtensivo  in!no8  of  ooppor,  and  on  the  shores  of  Lake 
Superior,  piirticularly  round  Thunder  Bay,  are  rich  silver 
deposits.  AuethygU  and  agates  are  also  found  there,  as 
well  as  mica,  iron,  gold,  cobnlt,  and  bismuth.  The  petro- 
luum-wolls  in  tl)o  ><outltwot<terly  part  of  the  province  yield 
considerable  supplies,  and  so  do  the  salt-tvclls  at  Qodorich 
and  Kincardine.  Uook  salt  exists  at  several  points,  but  is 
not  mined.     Large  |>eat  bods  are  found  in  many  parts. 

The  principal  articles  manufactured  are  cloth,  linen,  fur- 
niture, sawn  timber,  flax,  iron  and  hardware,  paper,  soap, 
starch,  hats,  caps,  boots,  shoes,  leather,  cotton  and  woollen 
goods,  steam  engines  and  locomotives,  sewing-machines, 
wooden-ware  of  all  descriptions,  agricultural  implements, 
Ao.  The  railway  system  has  made  rapid  strides  in  Ontario. 
In  1862  there  was  not  a  single  mile  in  the  province,  while 
in  1890  there  were  about  12,00U  miles  in  operation,  with 
perhaps  1000  additional  either  under  charter  or  in  course  of 
construction.  The  ])rincipal  canals  are  the  Welland,  be- 
tween Lakes  Eric  and  Ontario,  to  avoid  the  Niagara  Falls; 
the  Ridcau,  between  Kingston  and  Ottawa;  and  the  St. 
Lawrence  canals,  rendered  necessary  by  the  rapids  of  that 
river. 

The  school  system  affords  the  children  of  the  rich  and 
poor  alike  the  means  of  free  education.  It  is  under  the 
control  of  a  chief  superintendent,  the  schools  being  sup- 
ported by  a  tax  on  property,  with  some  assistance  from  the 
legislature.  There  are  53  inspectors  of  schools,  who  are  paid 
partly  by  the  council  and  partly  by  the  government.  The 
province  contains  17  Protestant  universities  and  colleges, 
and  3  Roman  Catholic  colleges;  lunatic  asylums  at  Kings- 
ton, Toronto,  London,  Amherstburg,  and  Orillia;  a  refor- 
matory prison  at  Pcnctangutshcne ;  the  asylum  for  the  blind 
aX  Rnintford  ;  the  deaf  and  dumb  asylum  at  Belleville;  the 
normal  school,  university  college,  and  Osgoodo  Hall,  Toronto. 
The  public  affairs  of  the  province  are  administered  by  a 
lieutenant-governor,  an  executive  council  of  5  members, 
and  a  legislative  assembly  of  SS  members,  elected  every  4 
years.  The  laws,  and  the  mode  of  administering  them,  are 
mainly  the  same  as  in  England:  the  practice,  however,  is 
simpler  and  less  expensive. 

Ontario  is  divided  into  49  counties,  which  are  subdivided 
into  88  electoral  districts.  The  names  of  the  counties  are 
Addington,  Algoma  District,  Bothwell,  Brant,  Bruce,  Card- 
well,  Carlcton,  Dundas,  Durham,  Elgin,  Essex,  Frontenac, 
Glengarry,  Grey,  Ualdimand,  Ilalton,  Hastings,  Huron, 
Kent,  Lambton,  Lanark,  Leeds  and  Grcnville,  Lennox, 
Lincoln,  Middlesex,  Monck,  Muskoka  District,  Niagara, 
Nipissing  District,  Norfolk,  Northumberland,  Ontario,  Ox- 
ford, Parry  Sound,  Peel,  Perth,  Peterborough,  Prcscott, 
Prince  Edward,  Renfrew,  Russell,  Sinicoc,  Stormont,  Vic- 
toria, AVaterloo,  Welland,  Wellington,  Wentworth.  York. 
Pop.  (1891)  2,114,321.  The  principal  cities  are  Toronto 
(the  capital),  Ottawa  (the  capital  of  the  Dominion),  Kings- 
ton, Hamilton,  and  London. 

The  prevailing  religion  is  Methodist,  numbering  (1891) 
653,942  members;  next  Presbyterian,  with  a  nicuibership 
of  453,146;  then  that  of  the  Church  of  England,  385,999, 
and  tlie  Church  of  Rome,  with  358,300  members.  The 
other  denominations  are  Baptists  (105,957),  Lutherans, 
Congregationalists,  &<i. 

,  The  province  contains  many  objects  of  interest  to  the 
tourist,  among  which  are  the  Thousand  Islands  of  the  St. 
Lawrence,  the  Great  Lakes,  the  Falls  of  Niagara,  and  the 
Falls  of  Kakabikka,  on  the  river  Kaministiquia,  30  miles 
from  its  outlet  into  Lake  Superior. 

In  1867,  under  the  Act  of  Confederation,  Upper  Canada 
was  erected  a  province  under  the  name  of  Ontario,  which  is 
the  most  populous  province  in  the  Dominion. 
.  Onta'rio,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  New  York, 
has  an  area  of  about  674  square  miles.  It  is  partly  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  Seneca  Lake,  and  is  drained  by  Flint,  Honooye, 
and  Mud  Creeks,  and  Canandaigua  Outlet.  The  surface  is 
finely  diversified  with  verdant  hills,  valleys,  and  ridges. 
Among  its  beautiful  features  is  Canandaigua  Lake,  about 
1-6  miles  long.  This  county  has  many  thousand  acres  of 
woodland,  on  which  the  ash,  beech,  elm,  oak,  and  sugar- 
maple  are  found.  Wheat,  wool,  oats,  Indian  corn,  butter, 
bay,  and  barley  are  the  staple  products.  The  rocks  which 
underlie  this  county  are  corniferous  and  Onondaga  lime- 
stones and  Devonian  sandstone.  It  has  also  quarries  of 
gypsum  and  water-limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  the  New 
York  Central  &  Hudson  River  Railroad,  the  Northern  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  and  the  Fall 
Brook  Railroad.  Capital,  Canandaigua.  Pop.  in  1870, 
45,108;  in  1880,  49,541;  in  1890,  48,453. 

Ontario^  a  county  in  the  province  of  Ontario,  border- 
ing upon  Lake  Ontario.    Area,  860  square  miles.     This 


county  fs  watered  by  small  streams  flowing  into  Lake 
Ontario  and  into  Lake  Simcoe,  which  latter  furma  its 
northwestern  boundary.  The  Grand  Trunk,  Toronto  A 
Nipidsing,  Midland,  and  Whitby  &  Port  Perry  Railways 
intersect  this  county.     Capital,  Whitby.     Pop.  45,990. 

Ontario,  a  post-village  of  San  Bernardino  co.,  Cal., 
about  18  miles  W.  of  San  Bernardino.  It  is  on  the  Southern 
Paoiflo  Railroad.  It  has  a  bank,  planing-  and  grisl-milli, 
and  general  stores.     Pop.  in  1890,  6S3. 

Ontario,  a  post-hamlet  in  Ontario  township,  Knox  ( < 
III.,  about  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Qalesburg.    It  has  2  churclu 
The  township  is  traver-sed  by  the  Chicago,  Burlington  .t 
Quiney  Railroad,  and   contains   a   larger   village,  named 
Oneida.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1942. 

Ontario,  a  post-village  in  Lima  township.  La  Grange 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Pigeon  River,  5  miles  N.N.E.  of  l.a 
Grange,  about  32  miles  E.  of  Elkhart,  and  2  uiilcs  E.  of 
tho  Grand  Rapids  A  Indiana  Railroad.  It  contains  2 
churches  and  the  Ontario  Collegiate  Institute,  and  hiu 
manufactures  of  flour,  cloth,  sash,  blinds,  Ac.     Pop.  277. 

Ontario,  a  post-village  in  Franklin  township,  Stui  . 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  Ju 
miles  E.  of  Boone,  and  12  miles  W.  of  Nevada.  It  hu  2 
churches.     Good  coal  is  mined  here, 

Ontario,  a  post-oflice  of  Jackson  co.,  Kansas,  about  42 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Topeka. 

Ontario,  a  post-village  of  AVayne  co.,  N.Y.,  in  On- 
tario township,  on  the  Lake  Ontario  Shore  Railroad,  20  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Rochester,  and  11  miles  W.  of  Sodus.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  furnace,  and  a  steam  saw-mill.  The  township, 
which  is  bounded  N.  by  Lake  Ontario,  contains  Ontario 
Centre  and  Furnaceville.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2011. 

Ontario,  a  post-village  in  Springfield  township,  Rich- 
land CO.,  0.,  on  the  Atlantic  A  Great  Western  Railroad,'7 
miles  W,  of  Mansfield.     It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy 

Ontario,  a  post-ofllce  of  Charlotte  co.,  Va. 

Ontario,  a  post-village  of  Vernon  co.,  Wis.,  on  the 
Kickapoo  River,  9  miles  S.  of  Norwalk,  and  about  36  miles 
E.  by  S.  of  La  Crosse.  It  has  a  church,  2  hotels,  2  flour- 
mills,  2  saw-mills,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  300, 

Ontario,  Ontario.    See  AVinosa, 

Ontario  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Ontario  township,  li  miles  from  Ontario  Station,  which 
is  18  miles  E.  of  Charlotte.     It  has  2  churches. 

Onta'rioville,  a  post-office  of  Cook  co..  111.,  on  the 
Chicago  A  Pacific  Railroad,  28  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chicago 

Ontelaunee,  a  township  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  1339, 

Onteniente,  on-ti-nc-6n'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  \'a 
lencia,  on  the  Clariano,  11  miles  S.W.  of  San  Felipe  do 
Jativa.  Pop.  7793.  It  has  several  churches  and  convents, 
a  hospital,  a  college,  and  a  residence  of  the  Duke  of  Al 
modovar,  also  active  manufactures  of  linens  and  woollens. 

Ontonag'on,  a  small  river  in  the  upper  ])cninsulaof 
Michigan,  is  formed  by  the  South,  Middle,  East,  and  West 
Branches,  which  all  rise  in  Ontonagon  co.,  except  tho  East 
Branch,  and  unite  near  Rockland.  The  river  runs  nearly 
northward,  and  enters  Lake  Superior  at  Ontonagon. 

Ontonag;ou,  a  county  of  Michigan,  is  the  most  west- 
ern part  of  the  up;ier  peninsula.  Area,  1342  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  Lake  Superior,  on  the  S.W. 
by  the  Montreal  River.  It  is  drained  by  the  Ontonagon 
River  and  its  branches,  and  Presque  Isle  River.  The  sur 
face  is  diversified  with  high  hills  and  extensive  forests,  in 
which  the  pine  and  sugar-maple  are  found.  Tho  Porcupine 
Mountains,  in  its  N.  part,  are  about  1200  feet  higher  than 
the  lake.  Copper  is  the  chief  article  of  export.  This  county 
is  traversed  by  the  Milwaukee  A  Northern  and  Duluth, 
South  Shore  A  Atlantic  Railroads.  Capital,  Ontonagon., 
Pop.  in  1870,  2845;  in  1880,  2565;  in  1S90,  3756. 

Ontonagon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ontonagon  co., 
Mich.,  is  in  a  tow^nship  of  the  same  name,  on  Lake  Supe-i 
rior,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Ontonagon  River,  about  135  mllojj 
E.  of  Duluth,  and  45  miles  W.S.W.  of  Houghton.  It  con-i 
tains  4  churches,  a  union  school,  a  ncwspajicr  office,  a  larg« 
hotel,  a  copper-smelting  furnace,  a  grist-mill,  2  steam  saw-j 
mills,  and  a  cigar-factory.  Copper,  which  is  mined  oboul' 
12  miles  from  this  place,  is  tho  chief  article  of  export 
Pop.  of  the  township,  691. 

Ont'wa,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  929. 

Onward,  Cass  co.,  Ind.    See  Dow. 

O'nyx,  a  post-ofl!ico  of  Yell  co.,  Ark. 

Onzain,  6n»'z4n»',  a  village  of  France,  on  the  railroac 
from  Orleans  to  Tours,  46  miles  from  Orleans. 

Oo,  o,  a  village  of  France,  in  Ilaute-Garonnc,  4  n)il» 
W.  of  Bagneres-de-Luchon,  at  the  foot  of  a  pass  of  thi 
Pyrenees.     Near  it  is  a  cascade  853  feet  high. 

Ooaulin,  a  town  of  Manchooria.    See  Wasum. 


OOB 


2065 


OOR 


Ooba,  Ouba,  or  Uba^  oo'bi,  a  river  of  Siberia,  gov- 
ernment of  Tomsk,  flows  W.S.W.,  and  joins  tiie  Irtish. 
Length,  above  100  miles. 

Oobsa  (Oubsa  or  Ubsa)  Nor,  oob'sl  nor,  a  lake  of 
the  Chinese  Empire,  Khalkas  Country.  Lat.  49°  30'  N.j 
Ion.  92°  E.     Length,  75  miles;  breadth,  25  miles. 

Ooch,  ooteh,  a  fortified  town  of  India,  35  miles  SAY. 
of  Bhawlpoor,  near  the  junction  of  the  Ghcnaub  and  Sutlej. 
Lilt.  29°  11'  N.;  Ion.  70°  50'  E.     Pop.  20,000. 

Oochee,  Ouchi,  or  Uchi,  oo'chee,  written  also 
Young-Ning,  Yun-Pin,  or  Fou-Iloa,  a  town  of 
IChineso  Toorkistan,  230  miles  N.E.  of  Kashgar,  It  has  an 
jimperial  mint. 

1  Ooda,  Onda,  or  Uda,  oo'di,  a  river  of  Siberia,  rises 
lin  the  S.E.  slope  of  the  Stanovoi  Mountains,  flows  E.N.E., 
iand  falls  into  a  large  bay  of  the  Sea  of  Okhotsk,  opposite 
the  island  of  Feklistof.  Total  course,  200  miles. 
Oodabad,  a  town  of  Russia.  See  Ordubad. 
Oodai,  Oudai,  or  Udai,  oo-di',  a  river  of  Russia, 
rises  in  the  S.W.  part  of  the  government  of  Chernigov, 
ilows  S.B.,  and  above  Loobny  joins  the  Soola  on  the  right. 
Total  course,  160  miles. 

Oodana,  oo-di'ni,  a  village  of  Beloochistan,  18  miles 
E.  of  Gundava,  on  the  route  to  Shikarpoor.     Lat.  28°  30' 
V. ;  Ion.  67°  49'  E.     Seven  miles  E.  of  this  place  are  the 
ruins  of  Old  Oodana. 
,   Oodecpoor,  oo-dce-poor',  a  town  of  British  India, 

f residency  of  Bombay,  100  miles  N.E.  of  Surat.     Lat.  22° 
2'N.;  Ion.  74°  7' E. 

Oodeepoor,  or  Odeypoor,  a  town  of  India,  150 
niles  S.  of  Gwalior.     Lat.  23°  52'  N. ;  Ion.  78°  9'  E. 

Oodcypoor,  or  Udaipur,  ooMi-poor',  a  native  state 
if  India,  in  Chuta-Nagpoor,  Bengal.    Lat.  22°  3.5'-22°  47' 
N.;  Ion.  83°  4.5'-83°  49.5'  E.     It  is  nearly  surrounded  by 
Ither  native  states.     Area,  1051  square  miles.     It  is  gov- 
rned  by  a  native  rajah.     Gold  is  here  obtained,  and  coal 
xists.    The  country  is  poor  and  not  productive.     Capital, 
labkob,  a  small  town  near  the  centre.     Total  pop.  27,708. 
Oodeypoor  Chota.    See  Chuta-Oodii'oor. 
Oudiusk,  Oudinsk,  or  Udiiisk,  oo-dinsk'  or  oo- 
ecnsk',  a  town  of  Siberia,  government  of  Transbaikalia, 
n  the  Ooda,  80  miles  N.E.  of  Selenghinsk.     Pop.  2788. 
.  Oodipoor,  a  town  of  India.     See  Odevpoor. 
Oodoo-da-Kote,  oo'doo-di-kot,  a  village  of  India, 
1  the  Punjab.     Lat.  30°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  71°  14'  E. 
Oodskoi,  Oadskoi,or  Udskoi,  ood-skoi',  a  village 
'  East  Siberia,  on  the  Ooda  (Uda),  near  the  Sea  of  Okhotsk. 
Oofa,  Oufa,  or  Ufa»  oo'fl,  a  river  of  European  Rus- 
1,  rises  in  the  Ural  Mountains,  flows  S.W.,  and  joins  the 
ehiia  near  Oofa.     Length,  400  miles. 
Oofa,  Oufa,  or  Ufa,  a  town  of  Russia,  capital  of  the 
ivornment  of  Oofa,  on  the  Oofa  and  the  Belaia,  200  miles 
.  of  Orcnboorg.     Pop.  20,917.     It  is  enclosed  by  walls, 
d  has  a  mosque,  and  various  manufactures. 
Oofa,  Oufa,   or   Ufa,   a  government  of  European 
iissia,  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Ural  Mountains,  which 
3upy  the  eastern  part  of  the  province;  but  the  \V.  is  a 
cat  plain,  extending  W.  to  the  Kama  River.     Capital, 
fa.    Area,  47,031  square  miles.     Pop.  1,364,925. 
Ooglitch,  Ouglitch,  or  Uglitch,  oog'litcli'  or  oog*- 
tch',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  60  miles  W.S.^\^ 
•Yaroslav,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Volga.     Pop.  13,069. 
is  enclosed  by  earthen  ramparts,  and  has  a  ruined  cita- 
-,  a  monastery,  30  churches,  and  several  schools. 
Oogra,  Oiigra,  or  Ugra,  oo'gri,  a  river  of  Russia, 
ivernment  of  Kalooga,  joins  the  Oka  about  9  miles  above 
I'l  town  of  Kalooga.     Total  course,  about  200  miles. 
Ooi,  Qui,  or  Ui,  oo'ce,  a  river  of  West  Siberia,  between 
I'  governments  of  Orenboorg  and  Tobolsk,  rises  in  the 
111  Mountains,  and,  after  an  E.  course  of  200  miles,  joins 
I  Tobol  at  Oost-Ooiskaia,  lat.  54°  N.,  Ion.  63°  E. 
Jojak,  or  Oujak,  oo'jik',  a  bay  of  the  North  Pacific 
(Vin,  on  the  W.  shore  of  the  island  of  Kadiak,  near  lat. 
''  14'  N.  and  Ion.  152°  W.,  extending  27  miles  S.S.E. 
;)ojcin,    oo\iin',   written    also    Oojain,   Oiigein, 
<<jein,  and  Ugein  (ane.  Ozcihb*),  a  city  of  Central 
lia,  251  miles  S.W.  of  Gwalior,  and  the  former  capital 
oits  dominions.     Lat.  23°  11'  N. ;  Ion.  75°  51'  E.     Its 
''Is  are  about  6  miles  in  circumference,  the  town  being 
«  paetly  built.     Principal  edifices,  several  mosques  and 
nisoleums,  the  palace  of  Dowlut  Row  Sindia,  and  some 
I  doo  structures,  in  one  of  which  is  a  remarkable  sculp- 
ted imago  of  the  bull-god  Nundi.     The  city  has  an  active 
tUc,  imports  being  fine  white  cloths,  turbans,  and  dyed 
g  Is,  with  assafoetida  from  Sinde,  and  European  and  Chi- 
Di  produce  from  Surat;  exports,  cotton,  coarse  cloths, 
a'wah  opium,  and  diamonds,  in  transit  from  Bundelound 


to  Surat.  Around  it  are  various  temples  and  palaces,  and 
1  mile  N.  extensive  remains  of  a  more  ancient  city  have 
been  discovered.     Estimated  pop.  100,000. 

Oojhanee,  or  Ujhani,  oo-j3.'nee,  a  town  of  India, 
district  and  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Budaon.     Pop.  7656. 

Ookesima,  Oukcsiina,  or  Ukesima,  oo-ki-sec'- 
mi,  an  island  of  Annam,  Gulf  of  Tonquin,  lat.  18°  50'  N., 
Ion.  106°  20'  E.,  and  25  miles  in  circuit. 

Oo-Kiang,  or  Ou-Kiang,  oo^ke-ing',  a  considerable 
river  of  China,  provinces  of  Koei-Choo  and  Se-Chucn,  joins 
the  Yang-tse-Kiang  after  a  N.  course  of  500  miles. 

Oolan-  (Oulan-  or  Ulan-)  Khoton,  oo'ldn'-ko'- 
ton',  a  town  of  Mongolia,  near  the  Chinese  frontier,  120 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Peking. 

Oolau-  (Oulan-  or  Ulan-)  Obo,  ooMin'-o'bo\  a 
mountain  of  Mongolia,  Khalkas  Country.  It  rises  out  of  a 
plain  200  miles  S.E.  of  Oorga. 

Oolash,  Oulash,  or  Ulash,  ooMlsh',  an  Armenian 
village  of  Asia  Minor,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Seevas.  Near  the 
village  are  extensive  government  salt-works. 

Ooliassootai,  Ouliassoutai,  or  Uliassutai, 
oo'le-is-soo-ti',  a  considerable  town  of  Mongolia,  on  the 
Ooliassootai  River,  near  lat.  47°  35'  N.,  Ion.  96°  E.  It  is 
the  residence  of  a  Manchoo  general  and  the  place  of  a 
Tartar  garrison. 

Ooloo-  (UIu»)  Irghiz,  Toorkistan.    See  Irghekz. 

Oolte\vali,or  Ooltawah,  ool-t^-wah',  a  post-village, 
capital  of  James  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  East  'Tennessee,  Vir- 
ginia <fc  Georgia  Railroad,  15  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Chatta- 
nooga.    It  has  4  churches,  a  high  school,  a  grist-mill,  Ac. 

Ooltgensplaat,  (>lt'ii6ns-plAt\  a  fortified  town  of  the 
Netherlands,  province  of  South  Holland,  on  Overflakkee 
Island,  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rotterdam.     Pop.  2306. 

Ooman,  Ouman,  or  Uman,  oo'min',  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  115  miles  S.  of  Kiev.  Pop.  15,393. 
It  is  enclosed  by  earthen  ramparts,  and  has  several 
churches  and  factories, 

Oomarpoor,  or  Umarpoor,  oo^mar-poor',  a  town 
of  Bengal,  Boglipoor  district.  Lat.  25°  2'  N.;  Ion.  86° 
57'  E.     It  has  a  large  trade  in  grain.     Pop.  3777. 

Oomnak,  or  Oumnak,  oom'nik',  one  of  the  Fox 
Islands,  Alaska,  S.W.  of  Oonalaska,  50  miles  long,  and  12 
miles  broad.     It  has  a  volcano  which  ejects  hot  water. 

Oonirawuttee,  a  town  of  India.    See  Amrawuttj. 

Oon,  oon,  a  town  of  Western  India,  15  miles  N.  of 
Radhunpoor.     Lat.  24°  15'  N. ;  Ion.  71°  45'  E. 

Oonalas'ka,  Oonalashka,  Uualaschka,  or 
Uiialashka,  oo-na-13,sh'ka,  one  of  the  largest  of  th« 
Aleutian  Islands,  Alaska.  Lat.  of  Port  lliuliuk,  53°  52' 
N.;  Ion.  166°  32'  AV.  Length,  75  miles;  greatest  breadth, 
20  miles.     It  has  several  volcanoes. 

Oonao,  or  Unao,  oo'na-o,  a  district  of  the  Lucknow 
division,  North-West  Provinces.  Area,  1736  square  miles. 
Capital,  Oonao.     Pop.  944,793. 

Oouao,  or  Unao,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  Oonao 
district,  on  the  Cawnpoor-Lucknow  Railway,  20  miles  E.  of 
Cawnpoor.     Pop.  7277. 

Oond  Surwcya,  soor-wi'yi,  a  small  district  of  British 
India,  in  the  peninsula  of  Kattywar,  province  of  Guzerat, 
between  21°  18'  and  21°  30'  N.  and  71°  38'  and  71°  65'  E. 
Area,  174  square  miles.     Pop.  11,373. 

Oonerpoor,  oo^n?r-poor',  a  large  village  of  Sinde,  20 
miles  N.  of  Hyderabad,  on  the  route  thence  to  Sehwan. 

Oonga,  or  Ounga,  oon'ga,  an  island  of  Alaska,  off 
the  S.  extremity  of  the  peninsula  of  Aliaska.  Lat.  65° 
30'  N.;  Ion.  160°-161°  W.     Length,  25  miles. 

Ooniara,  oo-no-i'rd,  a  walled  town  of  India,  province 
of  Itojpootana.     Lat.  25°  51'  N. ;  Ion.  75°  52'  E. 

Oonieh,  a  port  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Unyeh. 

Oonimak,  or  Ounimak,  oo-ne-mik',  one  of  tne 
largest  of  the  Fox  Islands,  North  Pacific  Ocean.  Length, 
65  miles ;  breadth,  25  miles.  The  surface  is  mountainous 
and  rugged,  with  3  active  volcanoes,  the  principal  mountain 
rising  8955  feet  above  the  sea. 

Oon/.lia,  Oui)ja,  oon'zhl,  or  Unsha,  a  river  ot 
Russia,  after  a  S.  course  of  250  miles  joins  the  Volga. 

Oonzha,  Ounja,  or  Unsha,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment of  Kostroma,  on  the  above  river,  12  miles  N.E.  of 
Makariov.     Pop.  1506. 

Oopa,  Oupa,  or  Upa,  oo'pi,  a  river  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment of  Toola,  flows  W.  and  S.,  and  joins  the  Oka  38 
miles  S.  of  Kalooga.     Course,  130  miles. 

Ooralsk,  Ouralsk,  or  Uralsk,  oo-rilsk',  a  town  of 
Russia,  cajjital  of  Ooralsk  government,  on  the  Ural,  155 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Orenboorg.  Pop.  17,590,  mostly  Cossacki 
of  the  Ur.al.  It  is  the  residence  of  their  attaman  or  chiefs 
and  has  churches,  a  war  office,  and  various  factories. 


OOR 


2088 


OOT 


Ooralskt  or  Ooral,  written  nlso  Ouralsk,  Uralsk, 

•ad  Unilf*  government  uf  Asiatio  Kii^itiu,  bounded  S.W. 
by  tho  Caspian  Son,  and  truvorsed  by  ttio  river  Ural.  Area, 
12C>,840  iquare  niila«.  Much  of  tiie  oountry  is  a  steppe,  in- 
habited northward  chiefly  by  the  Cossaolis  of  the  Ural,  and 
in  the  S.  by  Kirghcez.     CapiUl,  Ooralslc.     Pop.  346,715. 

Ooralsk,  Vorkhncc.    See  Vkrkhnee  Ookalbk. 

Ooratcpe,  Ourutcpe,  or  Uratepe,  oo-r&-t&'p&, 
written  also  Ora  Tube,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Kussia,  govern- 
ment of  Syr-Darya,  UO  uiilus  N.U.  of  Sumaruand.  It  stands 
at  the  foot  of  a  custle-crowned  hill,  is  enclosed  by  walls, 
has  broad  streets,  earthen  bouses,  and  about  10  mosques. 
Pop.  9S20,  mostly  Ooxbelcs,  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of 
finu  shuwis,  cloaks  of  guats'  hair,  und  cotton  goods. 

Ourchn,  a  rajahship  of  India.    See  TiniiKK. 

Dordeghem,  or  Oordegem,  Oit'd^h-ghdm^  a  village 
of  Belgium,  East  Flanders,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Ghent.  P.  2025. 

Oorfa,  Ourfa,  or  Urfa,  ooit'lA,  written  nlso  Orfah, 
or'IA,  and  llu'ha  (anc.  Edet'ia),  a  fortified  town  of  Asiatic 
Turlicy,  78  miles  S.W.  of  Uiarbekir.  Lat.  37°  8'  N. ;  Ion. 
38<>  55'  £.  Estimated  population,  30,000,  a  mixture  of 
Turks,  Greeks,  Arabs,  Aruicniuns,  nnd  Jews.  It  once  had 
numerous  handsome  mosques,  sovornl  Greek  nnd  Aruicniun 
churches,  bazaars,  brisk  manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  gold- 
smiths' wares,  nnd  morocco  leather,  nnd  considerable  com- 
merce; but  it  was  nearly  destroyed  by  fire  in  ISSO.  OoiiFA 
is  supposed  to  be  near  the  site  of  the  Vr  of  the  Chaldeet, 
mentioned  in  Scripture. 

Oorga,  Ourga,  or  Urga,  oor'gi,  a  city  of  Mongolia, 
capitivl  of  the  Khalkos  Country,  on  the  Toola,  a  tributary  of 
tho  Orkhon,  and  on  tho  route  from  Kiakhta  to  Peking,  163 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Kiakhta.  Lat.  48°  N.;  Ion.  108°  E.  It 
bos  a  college  of  Mongolian  priests,  and  is  the  scat  of  tho 
Kootooktoo,  or  deified  Lama  of  tho  Mongols. 

Oorghctg,  Ourgheiidj,  Urget^*  or  Urghcndje, 
ooR'ghfinj',  written  also  Orgui\j  (New),  a  village  of  Cen- 
tral Asia,  on  a  canal  near  the  Amoo-Darya,  20  miles  N.E. 
of  Khica,  with  500  houses. 

Oorghenj,  Ourghendj  (Old),  or  Kunya  Urgenj, 
koon'yd  ooR-ghdnj',  a  village  of  Central  Asia,  67  miles 
N.W.  of  Khiva. 

Oorioopinskaia,  Ourionpinskaia,  or  Uriu- 
pinskaia,  oo-ro-oo-pin-ski'&,  a  town  of  Russia,  Don  Cos- 
sack territory,  on  the  Khoper,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Novokbo- 
persk. 

Oorloojah,  OurloutUah,  or  Urlujah,  oon-loo'jil,  a 
ruined  city  of  Asia  Minor,  near  its  S.W.  coast,  35  miles 
N.E.  of  Makree,  with  remains  of  temples,  and  an  aqueduct. 

Oortna,  Ourma,  or  Urma,  ooR'm&,  a  river  of  Si- 
beria, issues  from  alako  in  the  N.W.  of  tho  government  of 
Tobolsk,  flows  E.,  and  falls  into  the  W.  shore  of  the  Gulf 
of  Obi.     Total  course,  90  miles. 

Ooroomeeyah,  Ouroumiyah,  Urumiyah,  or 
Urumea,  oo-roo-mee'y&,  written  also  Urmiah,  or  Oor- 
miah,  a  fortified  town  of  North  Persia,  in  Azerbaijan,  12 
miles  W.  of  Lake  Ooroomeeyah,  and  64  miles  S.W.  of  Ta- 
breez.  Estimated  pop.  25,000.  It  is  tho  seo  of  an  Arme- 
nian bishop,  supposed  to  be  the  Thebarma  of  Strabo,  and 
the  birthplace  of  Zoroaster.     See  Lake  op  Ooroomeeyah. 

Ooroomtsee,  Ouroumtsee,  or  Ururaptsi,  oo- 
roomt'-see'  (Chinese,  Tihoa,  te-ho'&),  a  city  of  the  Chinese 
Empire,  Soongaria,  N.  of  tho  Thian-Shan  Mountains,  on  tho 
Eoleo  River,  in  lat.  43°  45'  N.,  Ion.  88°  50'  E.  It  is  large, 
has  several  temples  and  public  colleges,  and  is  reported  to 
be  the  seat  of  a  considerable  trade. 

Ooroop,  Ouroup,  Urup,  or  Oiiriip,  oo-roop',  one 
of  the  Kooril  Islands,  immediately  N.  of  Itooroop.  Lat. 
45°  39'  N. ;  Ion.  149°  34'  E.  Length,  50  miles;  breadth, 
12  miles.  It  is  a  mass  of  lofty  mountains  and  deep  glens. 
The  mineral  products  comprise  copper,  sulphur,  and  quartz. 

Oorun,  oo'riin',  a  town  of  British  India,  25  miles  S.E. 
of  Banda. 

Oorzhoom,  Onijoum,  or  Urjum,  ooR^zhoom',  writ- 
ten also  Urshum,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  85 
miles  S.  of  Viatka,  on  tho  Oorzhoomka,  near  its  confluence 
with  the  Viatka.     Pop.  2454. 

Oosa,  Ousa,  or  Usa,  oo's&,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises 
In  tho  W.  slope  of  the  Ural  Mountains,  flows  S.S.E.,  and 
joins  the  Petchora.     Length,  200  miles. 

Oosaki,  a  town  of  Japan,  island  of  Hondo.    Soe  Osaka. 

Oosbcksyor  Oosbccks.    See  Oozbeks. 

Ooscnt,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.     Sco  Yoozgat. 

Ooscotta,  oos-kot't&,  a  town  of  India,  in  Mysore,  18 
miles  N.E.  of  Bangalore. 

Oo'sca,  a  town  of  India,  North- West  Provinces,  division 
of  Benares.     Pop.  (1872)  6680. 

Oosh,  Ouch,  Uscbvoosh,  or  Onchi,  oo'shee,  a  town 


of  Chinese  Toorklstan,  near  tho  Russian  frontier,  75  milet 
W.  of  Aksoo,     Pitp.  mostly  Oozboks. 

Ooshitsa,  Ouchitza,  or  L'schitza,  oo-shit'si  or 
oo-shoet's&,  also  called  Staraia  Uiihitza  ("Old  Ooshit- 
sa"), a  town  of  Russia,  in  Podolia,  on  the  Dniester,  23  milet 
E.S.E.  of  Kamionioo.     Pop.  3708.     See  Novaia  Oorhitsa. 

Ooshnei,  Oushnci,  or  Ushnei,  oosh'ni',  a  town 
of  North  Persia,  in  Azerbaijan,  40  miles  S.  of  Ooroomo*' 
yah.     It  comprises  about  20U  houses. 

Oosiina,  oo-soe'm&,  or  Ushima,  o-8hoo'm&,  a  smalt 
but  populous  island  of  Japan,  off  tho  S.E.  ooast  of  Hondo. 

Oosnian,  Ousman,  or  Usman,  oos-min',  a  town 
of  Russia,  85  miles  S.W.  of  Tambov,  on  tho  Oosman  River 
Pop.  7488. 

Oosoorcc,  Ousouri,  or  Usuri,  oo'soo^rce',  a  river 
of  Manchooria,  joins  the  Amoor  on  the  right,  al)out  6U0 
miles  from  its  mouth.     Length,  340  miles. 

Oosop,  a  river  of  Siberia.    See  Paki.a. 

Oost,  Oust,  or  Ust,  oost  (Latin,  Oxium,  or  0«(i'a ; 
Or.  'Otrria,  "mouth,"  or  "  mouths"),  a  Russian  prefix  to  the 
names  of  various  towns  situated  at  tho  mouths  of  rivers  ;  ••, 
OosTiooo,  "  Yoog-raouth,"  0ost-Svsoi.8K,  "  Sysola-mouth," 
<to.,  situated  at  the  mouth  of  the  Yoog  and  Sysola. 

Oostackcr,  Os't&k^kfr,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Eatt 
Flanders,  2  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  6G00. 

Oostburg,  ost'buRO,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  island 
of  Cadsand,  5  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sluis.     Pop.  1806. 

Oost'burg,  a  post-village  of  Holland  township,  She> 
boygan  co..  Wis.,  on  tho  Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore  d  Western 
Railroad,  42  miles  N.  of  Milwaukeo.     It  has  3  churches. 

Oostcamp,  ust'k&mp\  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Flanders,  3  miles  S.  of  Bruges,  near  the  railway  and  canal 
to  Ghent.     Pop.  5000. 

Oostduynkerke,  Qst'doin-kinK^h,  a  village  of  Bel- 
gium, in  West  Flanders,  on  a  canal,  24  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Bruges.     Pop.  1300. 

Oost-Eecloo,  ost-i-klu',  a  village  of  Belgium,  pror- 
ince  of  East  Flanders,  10  miles  N.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  1960. 

Oostcnau'la,  a  river  in  the  N.  part  of  Georgia,  rises 
in  Gilmer  co.,  flows  nearly  southwestward,  and  unites  with 
the  Etowah  at  Rome  to  form  the  Coosa. 

Oosterbcek,  os't^r-bik^  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Gelderland,  3  miles  W.  of  Arnhem.     Pop.  2167. 

Oosterliout,  6s't§r-howt\  a  town  of  the  Netherland^, 
in  North  Brabant,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Breda.  It  has  a  Latin 
school,  tanneries,  breweries,  potteries,  and  manufactures  of 
woollen  cloth.     Pop.  8756. 

Oosterland,  Os't^r-lilnr,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Zealand,  island  of  Duiveland,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Zierik- 
zee.     Pop.  1393. 

Oosterzeele,  Os't^r-ziM^h,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in 
East  Flanders,  7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  2835. 

Oostioog  Velikce,  Oustioug  Veliki,  or  Ustiug 
Veliki,  oos-to-oog'  v4-lee'kee  ("Great  Oostioog"),  a  town 
of  Russia,  government  of  Vologda,  at  the  confluence  of  tho 
Yoog  and  Sookhona,  afiiuents  of  the  Dwina,  580  miles 
E.N.E.  of  St.  Petersburg.  Pop.  7792.  It  is  the  see  of  a 
bishop,  and  has  3  cathedrals,  28  other  churches,  several 
monasteries  and  nunneries,  a  government  bank  and  post- 
office,  and  manufactures  of  tallow,  soap,  candles,  leather, 
tiles,  jewelry,  and  silver  goods. 

Oostioozhna,  or  Oustioujna,  oos-to-oozh'n&,  writ- 
ten also  Ustiuschna,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and 
200  miles  N.E.  of  Novgorod,  on  the  Mologa.     Pop.  6000. 

Oost-Kam^enogorsk',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Kussia.  on 
tho  Irtish,  province  and  75  miles  S.E.  of  Semipalatinsk. 
Pop.  3489. 

Oostmalle,  ost'mllM^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
and  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  1325. 

OostnieuAVkerke,  ost'n'yii^kiuK^^h,  a  village  of  Bel- 
gium, in  West  Flanders,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Bruges.    P.  2580. 

Oost-Oort,  or  Ust-Urt,  a  desert  plateau  of  Russian 
Asia,  E.  of  tho  Caspian  and  W.  of  the  Aral  Sea. 

Oost-  (Oust"  or  Ust-)  Sysolsk,  oost'-se-solsk',  a 
town  of  Russia,  government  and  420  miles  N.E.  of  Vologda, 
at  tho  junction  of  the  Sysola  and  Vytchegda.     Pop.  3570. 

Oostvlctcreu,  ost'vldH^h-r^n,  a  village  of  Belgium, 
in  AVest  Flanders,  on  the  Yser,  28  miles  S.W.  of  Bruges. 

Oostwinkel,  or  Oostwyiikel,  Ost'*in"k?l,  a  village 
of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanders,  on  tho  Lievc.     Pop.  1150. 

Oot,  ot,  two  villages  of  Beloochistan,  28  miles  N.  of 
Lyaroe,  on  the  route  thence  to  Bela. 

Ootacamund,  oo'ti-ki-miind',  a  sanatory  station  of 
India,  Madras,  in  tho  Neilghorry  Hills,  52  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Calicut.     Lat.  11°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  76°  50'  E.     Pop.  99S2. 

Oo-Tchoo,  or  Ou-Tchou,  oo'choo',  a  city  of  China, 
province  of  Quang-See,  130  miles  W.N.W.  of  Canton. 


r 


OOT 


2067 


OPO 


Ooteghem,  o't?h-ghfim*,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
West  Flanders,  7  miles  E.  of  Courtrai.     Pop.  2735, 

Ooterpara,  or  Uttarpara,  oot'?r-j)4'ii,  a  town  of 
Bengal,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  river  lloogly,  6  miles  by 
rail  N.  of  Ilowrah.    Pop.  4389. 

Oo-Thoo-Shan,  or  Ou-Thon-Chan^  oo-t'hoo- 
ghln,  a  mountain  of  China,  province  of  Kan-Soo.  Lat.  35° 
7'  N.;  Ion.  104°  6'  E. 

Ootmarsum,  or  Ootmarssum,  ot'm^R^eum,  a  town 
of  the  Netherlands,  in  Overyssel,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Almelo. 

Ootradroog,  ooHri-droog',  a  town  of  India,  in  My- 
gorc,  4S  miles  N.E.  of  Seringapatam, 

Ootrivaloor,  oo'tre-v4-loor',  .a  town  of  India,  presi- 
dency and  47  miles  S.W.  of  Madr.as.     Pop.  7441. 

Ootiil,  ooHul',  a  town  of  Beloochistan,  30  miles  S.E.  of 
Bcla.     Lat.  25°  44'  N. ;  Ion.  66°  33'  E.     Pop.  2000, 

Oovclka,  Ouvclka,  or  Uvclka,  oo-vdrk&,  a  river 
of  Russia,  government  of  Orenboorg,  joins  tlio  Ooi  at 
Troitsk.     Total  course,  90  miles. 

Ouzbeks,  Ouzbcks,or  Uzbecks,ooz^b2ks',  written 
also  Usbecks»  the  dominant  race  in  Toorkistan,  which  is 
gouietimes  called  Oozbekistan,  or  the  "country  of  the 
Oozbeks."     See  BoKiiAnA. 

Cozen,  Ouzen,  or  Uzen,  oo-z4n'  (Bolchoi,  bol-choi', 
and  Maloi,  md-loi'),  two  rivers  of  European  Russia,  gov- 
ernments of  Saratov  and  Orenboorg,  flow  parallel  to  each 
other,  S.E.,  for  about  250  miles,  and  from  10  to  30  miles 
apart,  and  finally  lose  themselves  in  salt  lakes,  100  miles 
from  the  Caspian. 

Oozh,  Ouj^or  Uj,oozh,  written  also  Usch  and  Ush^ 
a  river  of  Russia,  joins  the  Pripcts  a  little  above  its  junc- 
tion with  the  Dnieper,  after  a  course  of  125  miles, 

Opalenitz,  o'p&-li^nits,  a  town  of  Prussia,  23  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Posen.     Pop.  1497, 

Opalin,  o-pi-lin'  or  o-pA-leen',  a  town  of  Russia,  in 
Volhynia,  on  the  Bug,  47  miles  N,N.W,  of  Vladimeer, 

Oparo,  o-pi'ro,  or  Kapa,  ri'pi,  an  island  of  the 
Dangerous  Archipelago,    Lat,  27°  38'  S, ;  Ion.  144°  3'  W. 

Upatow,  o-pi'tov,  a  town  of  Poland,  20  miles  N,W.  of 
Sandoraier,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Vistula,     Pop,  4918. 

Upbrakel,  op'bri'k^l,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  8  miles  E.S,E.  of  Audenardc,     Pop,  2000. 

Op'dyke,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co,.  111.,  on  the  St, 
Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  7i  miles  S,E,  of  Mount 
Vernon.     It  has  a  church, 

Opeii'ka,  an  incorporated  town,  capital  of  Lee  co., 
Ala.,  on  the  Western  Railroad  of  Alabama,  at  the  junction 
of  the  Columbus  Branch,  66  miles  E.N.E.  of  Montgomery, 
and  29  miles  N.W.  of  Columbus.  It  is  the  S.E.  terminus 
of  the  Savannah  &  Memphis  Railroad,  and  is  on  the  East 
Alabama  <t  Cincinnati  Railroad.  It  has  4  white  churches, 
3  colored  churches,  several  seminaries,  a  chair-factory,  a 
manufactory  of  sash  and  blinds,  a  banking-house,  Ac,  Two 
or  3  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here,  P,  (1890)  3703. 

Opelousas,  o-pe-loo'sas,  a  post-village,  capital  of  St, 
Landry  parish,  La„  about  60  miles  W,  of  Baton  Rouge, 
and  150  miles  W,N.W.  of  New  Orleans,  It  contains  a 
court-house,  2  convents,  6  coffee-houses,  2  newspaper  offices, 

5  churches,  and  2  hotels.  About  10,000  bales  of  cotton  are 
annually  shipped  here,  Opelousas  is  6  miles  S,  of  Wash- 
ington, which  is  on  a  navigable  bayou.     Pop.  (1890)  1573, 

O'pen  Mead'ows,  post-office,  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y. 

Op'enshaw,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster, 
forming  an  eastern  suburb  of  Manchester. 

Opcqiiau,  or  Opequoii,  o-pek'on,  a  post-office  of 
Frcilerick  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Valley  Branch  of  the  Baltimore 

6  Ohio  Railroad,  8i  miles  N.E.  of  Winchester. 
Opeqiiaii  Creek  rises  in  Frederick  co.,  Va.,  runs  in  a 

N.N.E.  direction,  passes  into  West  Virginia,  forming  the 
boundary  between  the  cos.  of  Berkeley  and  Jefferson,  and 
enters  the  Potomac  7  miles  N.E.  of  Martinsburg. 

Ophcim,  Henry  co..  111.     See  Edwardsville, 

Ophcsselt,  o-f5s'sSlt,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  21  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  1200. 

0'phir,an  ancient  country  mentioned  in  the  Scriptures 
and  renowned  from  the  earliest  times  for  its  gold.  Some 
suppose  it  to  be  the  same  as  the  modern  Sofala  ;  others  con- 
jeetjre  that  it  was  the  Malay  Peninsula,  known  to  the 
ancients  as  the  "  Golden  Chersonesus"  ( Chr.reoriesun  Anrea). 

O'phir,  a  township  of  Butte  co,,  Cal.  Pop.  2430.  It 
contains  Oroville, 

Ophir,  a  post-village  of  Placer  co.,  Cal.,  H  miles  from 
Newcastle  Station,  and  about  32  miles  N.E,  of  Sacramento. 
It  has  a  church, 

Ophir,  a  post-office  of  Ouray  co,,  Col, 

Ophir,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co,,  Ga,,  30  miles  N.E. 
of  Acworth.     Gold  is  found  here. 


Ophir,  a  township  of  La  Salle  co..  Ill,     Pop,  1085. 

Ophir,  a  post-village  of  Tooele  co,,  Utah,  is  in  a  canon 
of  the  Oquirrh  Mountains,  It  has  silver-mines  and  3 
stamp-mills  for  the  reduction  of  silver  ore.     Pop,  about  450, 

Ophir,  Mount,  an  isolated  mountain  of  the  Malay 
Peninsula,  in  lat.  2°  30'  N.,  Ion.  102°  28'  E,,  45  miles 
E,N.E.  of  Malacca,  having  a  triple  peak,  and  estimated  to 
rise  5693  feet  above  the  sea.  Most  of  the  gold  obtained  in 
the  peninsula  is  found  around  its  base. 

Ophir,  Mount,  a  mountain  of  Sumatra,  near  its  W. 
coast,  70  miles  N,AV,  of  Padang.  Lat.  0°j  Ion.  100°  E. 
Estimated  height,  13,800  feet. 

O'phor,  a  township  of  Montgomery  CO.,  N.C.     Pop.  451. 

Ophoven,o-fo'v5n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Limbourg, 
on  the  Meuse,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Ilasselt.     Pop.  1150. 

Opinum,  the  ancient  name  of  Oppido. 

Opitergium,  the  ancient  name  of  Oderzo. 

Opiaden,  op'li-d§n,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  at  a 
railway  junction,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Dusseldorf,  on  the  Wipper. 
It  has  an  iron-forge  and  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  2689. 

O  Plain,  a  river  of  Illinois.    See  Des  Plaines. 

Opoczno,  o-potch'no,  Opotschna,  or  Oppotsch> 
na,  op-potch'ni.,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  N.E.  of  Koniggriitz. 
It  has  a  castle.     Pop.  1939. 

Opoczno,  or  Opotchno,  o-potch'no,  a  town  of  Rus- 
sian Poland,  68  miles  S.S.W.  of  Warsaw,  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  Drzewica.     Pop.  4437. 

Op'olis,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Joplin  Branch  of  the  St.  Louis  <fe  San  Francisco  Railroad, 
18  miles  S.E.  of  Girard,  and  20  miles  N.W,  of  Joplin,  Mo. 

Oporto,  o-poR'to  {i.e.,  "the  port"),  or  Por'to  (L. 
Por'tus  Ca  le,  or  Por'tiis  Calen'ais),  the  second  city  of  Por- 
tugal in  rank  and  commercial  importance,  capital  of  the 
province  of  Douro,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  river  Douro,  2 
miles  from  its  mouth,  and  175  miles  N,E,  of  Lisbon,  Lat. 
41°  9'  N.;  Ion.  8°  37'  W.  It  extends  two  miles  along  the 
N.  bank  of  the  river,  the  streets  rising  in  terraces  one  above 
the  other,  while  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  Douro  are  the  ex- 
tensive suburbs  with  immense  warehouses  for  storing  wines. 
Oporto  is  enclosed  by  walls  flanked  with  towers,  and  is  further 
protected  by  a  fort.  There  are  in  all  11  public  squares, 
called  campos,  many  of  which  are  ornamented  with  foun- 
tains. The  most  conspicuous  public  buildings  are  the  gen- 
eral hospital,  town  hall,  a  largo  and  fine  cathedral,  80. other 
churches,  the  episcopal  palace,  many  handsome  belfries,  the 
English  factory  (a  fine  building  of  white  granite),  exchange, 
mint,  barracks,  opera-house,  Ac.  Many  of  the  dwellings 
have  gardens  attached,  and  its  public  fountains,  like  most 
of  the  older  public  edifices,  are  ornamented  with  arabesque 
carvings.  One  of  the  most  striking  architectural  objects  in 
Oporto  is  the  Torre  dos  Clerigos  ("Tower  of  the  Clergy"), 
attached  to  the  church  of  the  same  name.  The  city  had  for- 
merly numerous  convents,  but  many  of  these  were  de- 
stroyed during  its  siege  in  1832.  llailw.ays  to  the  N.  and 
S,  connect  it  with  the  chief  towns  of  the  kingdom. 

Oporto  is  the  seat  of  a  medical  college  and  other  superior 
schools,  and  has  a  foundling  hospital,  numerous  other  hos- 
pitals, a  public  library  and  gallery  of  paintings,  commer- 
cial association,  several  clubs,  banks,  kc.  Silk-factories  are 
established  in  and  around  the  city,  which  has  also  manu- 
factures of  woollen,  linen,  and  cotton  goods,  shawls,  leather, 
earthenwares,  and  soap,  ship-building  yards,  and  iron- 
foundries.     It  is  the  chief  manufacturing  city  in  Portugal. 

The  harbor  is  accessible  from  the  sea  for  vessels  of  from 
200  to  300  tons,  and  the  Douro  is  navigable  for  river-craft 
to  100  miles  above  the  city.  The  quay  extends  the  whole 
length  of  the  town,  having  on  one  side  a  street,  and  on  the 
other  a  wall,  raised  for  the  purpose  of  fastening  ships' 
cables.  The  Douro  is  subject  to  dangerous  freshets  by  the 
rains  or  melting  of  the  mountain-snows.  The  principal 
trade  of  Oporto  is  in  port  wine,  to  which  it  gives  the  name. 
The  lesser  articles  of  export  are  bullion,  oil,  sumach,  lemons, 
oranges,  wool,  refined  sugar,  cream  of  tartar,  salt,  leather, 
cork,  and  linen.  The  chief  imports  are  corn,  beef,  sugar, 
coffee,  deals,  woollen  and  cotton  fabrics,  hardware,  fish, 
hemp,  flax,  and  rice.  Near  the  city  are  mines  of  coal, 
copper,  and  antimony,  but  they  are  at  present  little 
wrought.  The  climate  of  Oporto  is  damp  and  foggy  in 
winter,  but  in  summer  the  heat  during  the  day  is  op- 
pressive, although  a  cold  wind  prevails  on  the  river,  and  a 
chilling  fog  comes  up  the  Douro  every  evening. 

Oporto  was  capital  of  Portugal  till  1174,  when  the  scat 
of  government  was  transferred  to  Lisbon,  In  1805  it  was 
taken  by  the  French,  who  retained  possession  of  it  till  1809, 
when  it  was  taken  by  the  British,     Pop.  in  1878,  105,838. 

Opos'sum  Creek,  an  affluent  of  Conewago  Creek,  in 
Adams  co..  Pa. 


OPO 


2068 


ORA 


Opotchkn,  or  Opotschka,  o-potoh'ki,  a  toirn  of 
Kuii.-iii,  Kovorninont  and  7U  tuilcs  S.  of  I'skov,  on  an  island 
furiiiL'd  by  the  Volikaia.     I'op.  3617. 

Oputcliiiu,  a  town  of  Ku«sia.    So«  Opoczno. 

OputNchiia,  a  village  of  Uobomia.    8oe  Oi>ocr.NO. 

Oppa,  oii'|ift,  u  river  forming  part  of  tlio  boundary  bo- 
twcon  iViL-isiun  and  Austrian  iSilcdia,  joins  the  Oder  8  miles 
S.W.  of  Odorbcrg,  after  an  E.S.E.  course  of  CO  miles. 

Oppclli,  op'pfin,  a  govorniuont  of  Prussia,  forming 
nearly  the  whole  of  Upper  Silesia.  Area,  51S4  square 
utiles.     Pop.  1,376,302. 

Oppcin  (Slav.  Oppolie,  op-pol'y4),  a  town  of  Prussian 
Rilesia,  on  the  Odor,  5L  miles  S.E.  of  llresluu  by  railroad. 
Ix  bos  a  strong  castle  on  an  island  formed  by  the  river,  nn 
old  Uothic  cathedral,  several  other  churches,  a  synagogue, 
royal  ealt-uiagazino,  society  of  public  good,  a  gymnasium, 
numerous  schools,  and  manufactures  of  leather,  ribbons, 
linen,  and  earthenware.     Pop.  12,498. 

Op'pcio,  a  post-office  of  Conway  co..  Ark. 

Oppoiinii,  op'p9h-niiw\  a  town  of  Bodcn,  11  miles 
E.N.lv.  of  Offenburg.     Pop.  1930. 

Oppenhcim,  op'p9n-htnie\  a  town  of  the  grand  duchy 
of  llesso,  province  of  Khein-lle^scn,  on  the  Rhine,  11  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Mcntz.  Pop.  3228.  It  was  formerly  an  imperial 
free  town,  and  has  several  fine  churchc!<,  a  synagogue,  a 
hospital,  and  the  ancient  cistlo  of  Landskron. 

Op'pciiheim,  a  post-hamlot  in  Oppcnhcim  township, 
Fulton  CO.,  N.Y.,  about  30  miles  E.  of  Utica.  It  has  a 
church.  The  township  has  4  churches,  several  cbecse-fac- 
toric?,  B:iw-mills,  and  a  pop.  of  1851. 

Oppido,op'po-do,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Calabria,  10  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Palmi.  It  is  the  scat  of  a  bishopric,  and  has  a 
cathedral  and  8  other  churches.     Pop.  3892. 

Oppido  (anc.  Opi'num),  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
13  miles  N.E.  of  Potcnza,     Pop.  3710. 

OppidolO)Op-pcc'do-lo,  the  capital  town  of  Piintcllaria, 
an  inland  in  the  Mediterranean,  at  its  N.W.  point,  with  a 
good  port  and  some  trade. 

Oppidum  Batavorum.    See  Batenburg. 

Oppolie,  the  Slavic  name  of  Oppeln. 

Op^pusi'tion,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ark.,  16 
miles  5«'.W.  of  Powhatan.     It  has  2  churches. 

Oppotschiia,  a  vilhige  of  Bohemia.     See  Oroczso, 

OpprcbaiH,  op'pr§h-bi',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Bra- 
bant, on  the  Great  Gccte,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Brussels. 

Opslo,  op'slo,  an  old  town  of  Norway,  now  forming  an 
eastern  suburb  of  Christiania. 

O'pus,  an  ancient  town  of  Greece,  which  stood  near  the 
channel  of  Talanta,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Thermopylro. 

Opwyck,  or  Opivijk,  op'wik,  a  village  of  Belgium, 
in  Brabant,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  3935. 

Oquago,  New  York.    See  CoguAGO. 

0(|uaAVka,  o-kwaw'ka,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Hen- 
derson CO.,  111.,  in  Oquawka  township,  on  the  Mississippi 
River,  and  on  a  railroad,  about  15  miles  above  Burlington, 
Iowa,  and  32  miles  W.  of  Galesburg.  It  has  5  churches, 
I  or  2  newspaper  offices,  a  bank,  a  gr.aded  school,  and  manu- 
factures of  ploughs,  wagons,  and  whisky. 

Oqiiirrh  (o'kw^r)  Mouutaius,  Utah,  a  range  which 
extends  southward  from  the  S.  end  of  Great  Salt  Lake  and 
forms  the  boundary  between  the  cos.  of  Tooele  and  Utah. 
These  mountains  are  partly  composed  of  quartzites  and  car- 
boniferous limestones,  in  which  latter  are  located  some  of 
the  richest  silver-mines  of  Utah. 

Or,  OR,  a  river  of  Asia,  rises  in  Russian  Toorkistan, 
near  lat.  49°  30'  N.,  Ion.  59°  E.,  flows  N.,  and,  after  a  course 
of   IfiO  miles,  joins  the  Ural  near  Orsk. 

O'ra,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  III.,  4  miles  E.  of  Ava. 

Ora,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co..  Neb. 

O'radel',  a  post-hamlet  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  on  Ilack- 
ensiick  River,  and  on  the  Now  Jersey  &  Now  York  Rail- 
road, 19  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a 
saw-mill. 

Oradour  Saint- Genest,  oVi^doon'  sixo-zh^h^ni',  a 
village  of  Franco,  in  Ilaute-Vicnne,  8  miles  N.  of  Bellac. 

Oradour-sur-Glane,  o'ri'doou'-siin-glin,  a  village 
of  France,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Rochechouart.     Pop.  1874. 

Oradour-sur-Vayres,  oViMoou'-sUn-vaiR,  a  village 
of  France,  in  Ilaute-Vicnne,  6  miles  S.  of  Rochechouart. 
It  has  a  glove-factory.     Pop.  of  commune,  3477. 

Oragawa,  o-ri-gi'wi,  a  town  of  Japan,  on  a  bay  on 
the  S.E.  side  of  the  island  of  Uondo,  about  25  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Tokio.     Pop.  about  20,000. 

Oragcase,  o'ri'zhuz'  (t.e.,  "stormy"),  an  island  of  the 
Pacific,  near  New  Ireland. 

,   Oral,  o'ri',  a  town  of  India,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Jaloun. 
Pop.  6461. 


Oraison,  oV4'r.6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Buses-Alnet 

20  miles  S.W.  of  Dignc.     Pop.  1955.  "^    ' 

Oraison,  or  Anthony  Kaan,  ki\n,  an  Island  of  the 
South  Paoifio,  off  the  E.  coast  of  New  Ireland. 

Orakh,  o'rlK',  a  town  of  Roumania,  on  the  Jalomnitia, 
7  miles  W.  of  its  junction  with  the  Danube,  opiioiita 
Hirsehova. 

Oralabor,  Polk  co.,  Iowa.    See  Trejct. 

O'ral  Oaks,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lunenburg  oo.,  Va.,  alwut 
60  miles  S.W.  of  Petersburg. 

Or'ameP,  a  post-village  in  Cancidca  township,  Alle- 
ghany CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Genesee  River,  and  on  the  (jencaco 
Valley  Canal,  about  54  miles  S.E.  of  Buftalo.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  cheese- factory,  a  foundry,  Ac.     Pop.  289. 

Oran,  oVin',  a  fortified  town  of  Algeria,  capital  of  Its 
W.  province,  2(>0  miles  by  mil  W.S.W.  of  Algiers,  on  tha 
Mediterranean.  Lat.  35°  44' N. ;  Ion.  0°  41'  W.  It  li  sit- 
uated at  the  foot  of  a  hill  called  St.  Croix,  nt  the  mouth  of  a 
small  stream,  in  a  olimato  extremely  hot  but  healthy.  Its 
harbor  is  very  bad,  but  the  port  of  Mors-cl-Ki^bir,  3  miles 
distant,  is  the  best  in  Algeria,  and  adiniu  large  vessels. 
Oran  was  taken  by  the  Spaniards  in  1509,  ruined  by  an 
earthquake  in  1790,  and  abandoned  in  1792,  Under  tha 
Spaniards  it  was  greatly  embellished  and  surrounded  by 
strong  fortifications.  It  was  taken  by  the  French  in  1S30, 
and  occupied  by  them  in  1831.  It  is  a  bishop's  sec.  Pop. 
in  1881,  58,530  ;  in  1891,  67,681. 

Oran,  the  westernmost  department  of  Algeria.  Area 
of  civil  territory,  69,r.84  square  miles,  in  addition  to  which 
there  is  a  milirary  province  of  Oran,  four  times  its  cxtensivo 
as  the  department  proper.  The  department  is  a  ])roductive 
region,  with  great  mineral  wealth.  Capital,  Oran.  Pop.  in 
1877,  416,465;  of  military  districts,  2:!6,7I6;  in  1891,  civil 
department,  817,450;  military,  124,616;  total,  942,006. 

Oran,  a  township  of  Logan  co..  111.     Pop.  769. 

Oran,  a  post-township  of  Fayette  co.,  Iowa,  about  IS 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Independence.     Pop.  776. 

Oran,  a  post-hamlet  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  tb« 
Syracuse  &  Chenango  Railroad,  15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Syra- 
cuse.    It  has  a  church. 

Orange,  or'inj,  Gareep,  or  Gariep,  g&r-ocp',  » 
river  of  Cape  Colony,  rises  in  the  mountain-chain  bound- 
ing on  the  W.  the  colony  of  Natal,  flows  W.,  and  enters  the 
Atlantic  near  lat.  28°  38'  S.,  Ion.  16°  28'  E.  It  forms  for 
many  miles  the  S.  boundary  of  the  Orange  Free  State.  Its 
banks  abound  with  ebony,  mimosa,  and  willow  trees,  and 
around  it  rich  copper  ores  exist;  but  much  of  the  country 
near  it  is  an  irreclaimable  desert.     Chief  affluent,  the  Viwl. 

Orange,  or'inj  (Fr.  pron.  o'r5.vzh';  one.  Anai'iiio),  a 
town  of  France,  department  of  Vauclusc,  on  the  Aigucs,  13 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Avignon.  The  streets  are  narrow, 
crooked,  and  ill  i)aved ;  but  it  has  some  fountains,  several 
churches  (one  Protestant),  a  communal  college,  ami  a  hospi- 
tal, with  manufactures  of  leather,  mosaics,  colored  linens, 
serge,  and  silk  twist.  Its  chief  glory,  however,  is  its  Roman 
antiquities,  the  princi]ial  being  a  splendid  triumphal  arch, 
about  04  feet  in  length,  breadth,  and  height,  having  tlireo 
arched  passages,  the  central  and  largest  of  which  is  281  feet 
high,  the  whole  flanked  by  fluted  Corinthian  columns  and 
profusely  ornamented  with  sculptured  groups,  ic.  Thera 
are  remains  also  of  a  theatre  and  other  Roman  buildings. 
Orange  was  long  the  cajiital  of  a  principality,  which  gave 
title  to  the  family  now  on  the  throne  of  the  Nctherliinds. 
The  King  of  the  Netherlands  still  retains  the  title  of  Prince 
of  Orange;  but  the  town  and  territory  were  ceded  to  Louis 
XIV.  in  1713.     Pop.  0782;  of  commune,  10,212. 

Orange,  a  district  in  the  S.E.  of  France,  which  origi- 
nally formed  part  of  Gallia  ^arbunenain,  but  is  now  included 
in  the  department  of  Vaucluse.     Its  capital  was  Orange. 

Or'ange,  a  county  of  Florida,  is  near  the  middle  of  the 
peninsula.  Area,  1566  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.E.  by  St.  John's  River.  The  surface  is  level,  and  is 
occupied  by  numerous  lakes  and  swamps  and  extensive 
forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  mostly  sandy, 
and  produces  pasture  for  cattle,  which  ore  among  the  chief 
articles  of  ex))ort.  The  orange,  lemon,  and  sugar-cane 
flourish  here.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Southern 
Florida  Railroad,  the  East  Florida  <t  Atlantic  Railroad, 
and  the  Florida  Central  &  Peninsular  Railroad.  Capital, 
Orlando.  Pop.  in  1870,2195;  in  1880,  6618;  in  1890, 12,584. 

Orange,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Indiana,  has  an 
area  of  400  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Patoka  Creek, 
which  rises  in  it,  and  by  Lost  Creek.  The  surface  is  partly 
undulating  and  partly  hilly.  A  large  portion  is  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  grais, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Carboniferous  liuiestone 
underlies  the  soil.    This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Louis- 


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ville  New  Albany  &  Chicago  Railroad,  which  connects  with 
Piiol'i,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  1.3,497;  in  1S80,  14,363; 
in  1890,  14,678. 

Orange^  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  New  York,  bor- 
ders on  New  Jersey.  Area,  about  791  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Hudson  River,  and  on  the  S.W. 
by  the  Delaware  River.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Wallkill 
Hirer,  and  also  drained  by  the  Shawangunk  and  Rainapo 
Rivers.  The  surface  is  mostly  hilly  or  undulating,  and  is 
diversified  with  picturesque  scenery.  This  county  com- 
prises a  largo  part  of  the  highlands  of  the  Hudson.  The 
soil  is  fertile,  and  adapted  to  dairy-farming.  Hay,  butter, 
milk,  cuttle,  Indian  corn,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products. 
Tliis  county  annually  sends  to  market  millions  of  gallons 
of  milk.  Among  its  mineral  resources  are  granite,  syenite, 
gneiss,  iron  ore,  and  limestone.  The  Military  Academy  of 
West  Point  is  situated  in  this  county,  which  is  traversed 
by  the  main  lines  or  branchen  of  several  important  rail- 
roads, including  the  New  York,  Lake  Erie  &  Western,  the 
New  York,  Ontario  <fc  Western,  the  Pennsylvania,  the  New 
York  &  New  England,  the  West  Shore,  Ac.  Capitals, 
Goshen  and  Newburg.  Pop.  in  1870,  80,902;  in  1880, 
88,220;  in  1890,  97,859. 

Orange,  a  county  of  North  Carolina,  is  near  the  middle 
of  the  state.  Area,  about  380  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Neuse  and  Fl.at  Rivers  and  New  Hope  Creek.  The 
Haw  River  touches  the  S.W.  extremity  of  the  county.  Tlio 
surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests. 
The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oat?,  pork, 
and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  Sandstone,  novaculite, 
and  primary  or  granitic  rocks  are  found  in  ditl'crent  parts 
of  the  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Richmond  &  Dan- 
ville Railroad,  which  connects  with  Hillsborough,  the  capi- 
tal.   Pop.  in  1870,  17,507;  in  1880,  23,698;  in  1890,  14,948. 

Orange,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Texas,  borders  on 
Louisiana.  Area,  about  390  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  Sabine  River,  on  the  S.  by  Sabine  Lake, 
'  and  on  the  AV.  and  S.W.  by  the  Nechcs  River.  The  surface 
I  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  partly  covered  with 
forests.  Cattle  and  maize  are  the  sta[ilo  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad. 
wliich  connects  with  Orange,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
1255;  in  1880,  2938;  in  1890,  4770. 

Orange,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Vermont,  has  an 
area  of  about  659  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
the  Connecticut  River,  and  is  drained  by  several  branches 
of  White  River  and  by  Wait's  River.  The  surface  is  ])artly 
billy,  and  a  large  portion  of  it  is  covered  with  forests,  in 
which  the  sugar-maple,  oak,  elm,  beech,  and  other  trees 
abound.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  adapted  to  pasturage  and 
dairy-farming.  Hay,  butter,  wool,  oats,  maple  tugar,  In- 
dian corn,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  Granite 
and  serpentine  are  found  in  this  county,  which  has  mines 
of  copper  and  beds  of  roofing-slate.  The  value  of  the  copper 
annually  exported  from  it  has  equalled  hundreds  of  thou- 
iji  Bands  of  dollars.  The  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad  passes 
through  the  E.  part  of  this  county,  and  the  Central  Ver- 
mont Railroad  through  the  W.  part.  Capital,  Chelsea.  Pop. 
in  1870,  23,090;  in  1880,  23,525;  in  1890,  19,575. 

Orange,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  360  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  the  Rapidan  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  North 
Anna  River,  which  rises  in  it.  Tho  surface  is  hilly,  and 
about  one-third  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  Wheat,  Indian 
corn,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products  of  the  soil.  Lime- 
stone underlies  a  part  of  this  county,  which  is  intersected 
by  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad  and  the  Potomac, 
i'rederiuksburg  <fc  Piedmont  Railroad.  Capital,  Orange. 
Pop.  in  1870,  10,396;  in  1880,  13,052;  in  1890,  12,814. 
.  Orange,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co.,  Cal.,  near  the 
Santa  Ana  River,  in  a  fertile  valley.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  graded  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  866. 

Orange,  a  post-township  of  New  Haven  eo..  Conn., 
borders  on  Long  Island  Sound,  and  is  bounded  on  the  W. 
by  the  Housatonio  River.  Orange  Post-Offico  is  about  fl 
miles  W.S.W.  of  New  Haven.  The  township  contains  a 
village  named  West  Haven.     Total  pop.  in  1890,  4537. 

Orange,  a  post  office  of  Liberty  co.,  Fla. 

Orange,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cherokee  eo.,  Ga.,  about  40 
miles  N.  of  Atlanta.     It  has  2  churches. 

Orange,  a  post-township  of  Clark  co.,  111.,  about  30 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Paris.     Pop.  1169. 

Orange,  a  township  of  Knox  co..  111.     Pop.  857. 

Orange,  a  post-township  of  Fayette  co.,  Ind.,  about  30 
miles  S.W.  of  Richmond.  Pop.  761.  It  contains  Fayette- 
ville,  where  is  Orange  Post-Office. 

Orange,  s  township  of  Noble  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1943. 


Orange,  a  township  of  Rush  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1273. 

Orange,  township,  RIack  Hawk  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  784. 

Orange,  a  post-township  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa,  bounded 
on  the  S.  by  the  Wapsipinicon  River.  Pop.  931.  Orange 
Post-Offico  is  8  miles  S.W.  of  De  Witt. 

Orange,  a  township  of  Guthrie  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  278. 

Orange,  a  post-village  in  Orange  township,  Franklin 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  Miller's  River,  and  on  the  Vermont  <k  Massa- 
chusetts Railroad,  37  miles  W.  of  Fitchburg,  and  19  miles 
E.  of  Greenfield.  It  has  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank, 
several  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of 
chairs,  sewing-machines,  furniture,  machinery,  water- 
wheels,  Ac.     Pop.  of  township  in  1880,3169;  in  1890,4568. 

Orange,  a  post-township  of  Ionia  co.,  Mich.,  about  25 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Lansing.  Pop.  1341.  Orange  Post-Offico 
is  6  miles  S.  of  Ionia. 

Orange,  a  township  of  Kalkaska  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  64. 

Orange,  the  southeastemmost  township  of  Douglas  co., 
Minn.     Pop.  210.     It  contains  several  small  lakes. 

Orange,  a  township  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  15  miles 
S.AV.  of  Plymouth.  It  has  a  church  and  manufactures  of 
lumber.     Pop.  340. 

Orange,  a  city  of  Essex  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Morris  &  Es- 
sex Railroad,  13  miles  W.  of  New  York  City,  and  3  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Newark.  It  has  wide,  macadamized,  and  well- 
shaded  stk'eets.  It  contains  16  churches,  a  high  school  and 
23  other  public  and  select  schools,  a  music  hall,  a  national 
bank,  2  other  banks,  2  hotels,  numerous  elegant  residences, 
and  printing-offices  which  issue  4  weekly  newspapers. 
Many  citizens  of  New  York  have  expensive  villas  here. 
On  the  slope  of  Orange  Mountain  is  Llewellyn  Park,  held  in 
common,  under  certain  restrictions,  by  its  residents.  Horse- 
cars  run  between  Newark  and  this  city,  and  connect  it  with 
New  Y'ork  by  2  additional  lines  of  railroad.  Orange  has 
manufactures  of  hats,  carriages,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  18,844. 

Orange,  Rockland  co.,  N.Y.    See  Orangetown. 

Orange,  a  post-township  of  Schuyler  co.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
1942.     It  contains  Monterey,  where  is  Orange  Post-Office. 

Orange,  a  township  of  Ashland  co.,  0.  Pop.  1485.  It 
contains  Nankin,  which  is  sometimes  called  Orange. 

Orange,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  0.     Pop.  1207- 

Orange,  a  township  of  Cuyahoga  co.,  0.     Pop.  812. 

Orange,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  0.     Pop.  1266. 

Orange,  a  township  of  Hancock  co.,  0.     Pop.  1167. 

Orange,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  0.     Pop.  951. 

Orange,  a  township  of  Columbia  co..  Pa.     Pop.  905. 

Orange,  a  post-village  in  Franklin  township,  Luzerne 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  12  miles  N.  of  Wilkesliarre.    It  has  a  church. 

Orange,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Orange  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  Sabine  River,  about  10  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  on 
the  New  Orleans  A  Texas  Railroad,  90  miles  N.E.  of  Gal- 
veston.    It  has  2  or  3  churches  and  a  luuiber-mill. 

Orange,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Orange  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Washington  City  A  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Potomac,  Fredericksburg  A  Piedmont  Rail- 
road, 38  miles  AV.  of  Fredericksburg,  and  85  miles  S.AV.  of 
AVashington,  D.C.  It  has  4  churches,  2  newspaper  offices, 
Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  571. 

Oran.ge,  a  post-vill.age  in  Orange  township,  June.aa 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad, 
67  miles  E.  of  La  Crosse.     It  has  a  church. 

Orange  Bay,  in  Terra  del  Fuego,  E.  side,  lat.  55°  31' 
S.,  is  one  of  the  few  excellent  harbors  on  this  coast,  and, 
while  largo  enough  to  contain  a  squadron  of  line-of-battle 
ships,  is  not  more  commodious  than  safe. 

Orange  Bluff,  a  steamboat-landing  of  Orange  co., 
Fla.,  on  St.  John's  River,  140  miles  above  Jacksonville. 

Or'angeburg,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  South 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  1400  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Congaree  River,  on  the  E.  by  the 
Santee  River,  and  on  the  S.AV.  by  the  South  Edisto.  It  is 
also  intersected  by  the  North  Edisto  River.  The  surface  is 
undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton, 
Indian  corn,  rice,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products  of  this 
county,  which  is  intersected  by  the  South  Carolina  Rail- 
road, the  South  Bound  Railroad,  and  the  Charleston, 
Sumter  A  Northern  Railroad.  Capital,  Orangeburg  Court- 
House.  Pop.  in  1870,  16,865;  in  1880,  41,395;  in  1890, 
49,393. 

Orangeburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mason  co.,  Ky.,  about 
6  miles  S.E.  of  Maysvillo. 

Orangeburg,  a  station  in  Rockland  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Northern  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  25  miles  N.  of  Jersey 
City. 

Orangeburg  Conrt-IIouse,  a  poft- village,  capital 
1  of  Orangeburg  co.,  S.C,  in  Orange  township,  on  the  North 


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Bdiito  River  and  the  South  Cnrolina  Rtvilrood,  51  milei  8. 
of  Columbia,  •nd  79  miles  N.W.  of  Charleston.  It  bos  2 
liew8pnpor  offleei,  5  churches,  a  rioe-mlll,  a  saw-mill,  and 
a  grict-mill.  Pop.  in  1880,  2140;  in  1890,  2964.  This 
place  is  the  seat  of  the  Claflin  Unlrersitj  and  of  South 
Carolina  Agricultural  College,  which  was  organiied  in  1869 
and  aoeomuiodntes  about  225  students  (colored). 

Orauffe  City,  a  post-villnge  of  Vuluoia  oo.,  Fla.,  2i 
miles  from  lilue  Spring  Steamboat  Landing,  and  about  6U 
mllee  S.  by  E.  of  Pakttka.  It  has  a  church,  a  bnnk,  2 
newspaper  offices,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  It  is  uiainly 
■npportod  by  the  culture  of  oranges,  pine-npplcs,  and  other 
tropical  fruits.     Cotton  is  grown  hero.     Pop.  about  800. 

Orange  City,  a  post-village,  capital  ofSiou.x  oo.,  Iowa, 
Si  miles  from  the  Sioux  City  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  and 
about  45  miles  N.N.E.  of  Sioux  City,  {t  has  2  churches, 
2  newspaper  offices,  a  bank,  a  cheese-factory,  a  flour-mill, 
a  tow-mill,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  Ac,  Pop.  in  1880, 
820;  in  1890,  1246. 

Orange  City,  a  post-office  of  La  Fourcho  parish,  La. 

Orange  (;ourt-lIouse,  Florida.     See  Orangr. 

Orange  Dale,  a  post-oflice  of  St.  John's  oo.,  Fla. 

Orange  Fac'tory,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.C., 
10  miles  N.  of  Durham.     It  has  a  church  and  a  cotton-mill. 

Orange  Farm,  Orange  oo.,  N.Y.,  is  4  miles  from 
Qoslicn.  The  county  almshouse  and  the  Orange  County  In- 
sane Asylum  are  locsUcd  here,  on  a  farm  of  206  acres. 

Orange  Free  State,  a  republic  of  South  Africa,  sur- 
rounded by  the  British  territories  of  Cape  Colony  and  Natal, 
having  on  the  N.  the  river  Vaal  (which  separates  it  from  the 
Transvaal  district),  but  bounded  S.  (in  part)  by  the  river 
Orange.  On  the  N.E.  the  crest  of  the  Quathlamba  divides 
it  from  Natal.  Area,  50,460  square  miles.  It  is  in  general 
better  watered  and  more  fruitful  than  the  Cape  region,  and, 
while  its  highlands  have  a  cool  and  temperate  climate,  some 
portions  are  suited  to  the  culture  of  cotton,  sugar,  rice,  and 
coffee.  Fruits,  maize,  Kaffrecorn  and  cattle,  ostrich  feathers, 
wool,  and  hides  are  leading  products.  The  mineral  wealth 
of  the  country  is  very  great.  Diamonds  are  often  found. 
Gold,  coal,  iron,  copper,  and  tin  are  abundant.  The  peoi)le 
are  partly  of  native  origin,  but  the  dominant  race  are 
Boers,  of  Dutch  descent  and  language.  In  1854  the  country 
became  independent.  Capital,  Bloemfontein.  Pop.  of  the 
state  in  1890,  207,503,  of  whom  77,716  were  white,  and 
1-9,787  natives. 

Orange  (irove,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co..  Miss., 
on  the  Xcw  Orleans  A  Mobile  Railroad,  3.3  miles  S.W.  of 
Mobile.     It  has  a  church  and  groves  of  orange  trees. 

Orange  Heights,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  Fla. 

Orange  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Fla. 

Orange  Lake,  Florida,  is  partly  in  Marion  co.,  and 
touches  the  S.  part  of  Alachua  co.     Length,  about  14  miles. 

Orange  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Fla.,  on 
Orange  Lake,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Gainesville. 

Orange  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co.,  Fla.,  on 
the  St.  John's  River,  about  52  miles  S.  of  Jacksonville. 

Orange  Park,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  Fla.,  on  St. 
John's  River,  15  miles  above  Jacksonville.     It  has  a  hotel. 

Or'angeport,  a  post-village  in  Iloyalton  township, 
Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie  Canal  and  New  York  Central 
Railroad,  5  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lockport.    It  has  a  church,  Ac. 

Orange  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Fla., 
is  on  the  line  of  Putnam  co.,  near  Orange  Lake,  about  25 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Palatka.     It  has  2  churches. 

Orange  Station,  a  post-hamlet  in  Orange  township, 
Delaware  co.,  0.,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Delaware 
with  Columbus,  14  miles  N.  of  Columbus.     It  has  a  church. 

Or'angctown,  a  township  of  Rockland  co.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
7208.     It  contains  Nyack,  Piermont,  Tappantown,  Ac. 

Orange  Valley,  a  former  post-village  of  Essex  co., 
N.J.,  is  now  in  the  3d  ward  of  the  city  of  Orange.  Here 
is  a  post-office,  named  Orange  Valley. 

Or'angeville,  a  post-village  in  Oneco  township,  Ste- 
phenson CO.,  111.,  about  14  miles  N.  of  Freeport.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  flouring-mill,  and  4  stores.     Pop.  in  1890,  347. 

Orange%'ille,  a  post-h.amlet  in  Orangeville  township. 
Orange  co.,  Ind.,  on  Lost  Creek,  about  52  miles  N.W.  of 
New  Albany.  It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  904.  Lost  Creek  here  returns  to  the  surface 
after  flowing  some  miles  under  ground. 

Orangeville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ealtimore  co.,  Md., 
about  6  miles  N.E.  of  Baltimore. 

Orangeville,  a  township  of  Barry  oo.,  Mich.  Pop. 
1051.     It  contains  Orangeville  Mills. 

Orangeville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Branch  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Cold  water  River,  5  miles  S,  of  Union  City.  It  has  a 
flour-mill  and  a  lumber-milL 


Orangeville,  a  post-township  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y. 
Pop.  lion.  It  contains  a  village  named  Johnsonburg,  and 
several  cheese-factories.  Orangeville  Post-Office  is  about  4 
miles  W.  of  Warsaw. 

Orangeville,  a  post-village  in  Hartford  township, 
Trumbull  co.,  0.,  on  Pymafuning  Creek,  and  on  the  Atlantio 
A  Great  Western  Railroad,  21  miles  E.N.E.  of  Warren,  nnd 
9  miles  N.of  Sharon,  Pa.  It  has  3  churches,  ond  niMntifno- 
tures  of  cheese,  flour,  Ac.     Goal  is  found  here.     Pop.  260. 

Orangeville,  a  post-village  in  Orange  township,  Colum- 
bia CO.,  Pa.,  on  Fishing  Creek,  at  the  base  of  Knob  Moun- 
tain, 14  miles  N.E.  of  Danville.  It  hos  2  churches,  an 
academy,  a  foundry,  a  tannery,  Ac.     Pop.  about  500. 

Orangeville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fannin  co.,  Tex.,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Bonham.     It  has  a  church  and  a  steam  will. 

Or'angeville,  a  village  in  Wellington  co.,  Ontario,  on 
a  branch  of  the  river  Credit,  and  on  a  railroad,  49  niilci 
N.W.  of  Toronto.  It  contains  2  branch  banks,  2  ncwspnper 
offices,  several  flour-mills  and  woollen-factories,  2  foundries, 
2  saw-mills,  steam  phining-mills,  a  tannery,  2  brick-lieldn, 
a  cabinet-factory,  4  large  grain-warehouses,  several  churches, 
commodious  hotels,  and  about  30  stores.  A  large  quantity 
of  grain  is  shipped  from  this  place,  also  cordwood  and  tiin> 
ber.     A  cattle-fair  is  held  monthly.     Pop.  1458. 

Orangeville  Mills,  a  post- village  in  Orangeville  town- 
ship, Barry  co.,  Mich.,  about  20  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Kala- 
mazoo. It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a  planing-niill,  and 
a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Orango,  o-r&n'go,  the  largest  and  southernmost  of  the 
Bissagos  Islands  of  West  Africa.  Lat.  11°  10'  N.j  Ion.  16" 
W.     Length,  26  miles,-  breadth,  10  miles. 

Orani,o-r&'nee,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sardinia,  40 
miles  N.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  2268. 

Oranido,  o-ril-nee'do,  a  valley  in  the  N.  of  Monten*- 
gro,  near  the  frontiers  of  Herzegovina. 

Oranicnbaum,  o-ri'ne-^n-bSwm^  a  town  of  Germany, 
duchy  of  Anhalt,  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Dessau.  It  has  a  hand- 
some palace,  with  parks  nnd  orange-groves.     Poj).  2138. 

Oranienbaum,  o-r&'ne-^n-b5wm\  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  19  miles  by  rail  W.  of  St.  Petersburg,  on 
the  Gulf  and  near  the  town  of  Cronstadt.  Pop.  4043.  It 
has  a  large  imperial  palace  and  a  marine  hospital. 

Oranicnburg,  o-rll'ne-?n-boORa',  a  town  of  Prussia, 
in  Brandenburg,  26  miles  N.N.E.  of  Potsdam,  on  the 
Havel.     It  has  manufactures  of  soap,  vitriol,  Ac,     I'.  4398, 

Oranicnburg,  o-ri'ne-?n-b56ito\  or  Kanicnbiirg, 
ri'ne-?n-booiio\  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  90 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Riazan.     Pop.  4594. 

Oranniore,  o'ran-mor',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  5 
miles  E.  of  Galway,  on  Oranmore  Bay.     Pop.  553. 

Oransay  Island,  one  of  the  Hebrides.   See  Oaoxsir. 

Oratorinni,  the  ancient  name  of  Lg  Dorat. 

Ora  Tube,  a  town  of  Toorkistan.     See  Ooratepb. 

Orava,  a  town  of  Bulgaria.    See  Rahova. 

Oravicza,  o-rl-vit's4  (Ilun.  Aemet-Oraoicza,  ni*mJt'- 
o'rAhH'cet'sOh'),  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Krasso,  63 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Temesvar.  In  its  vicinity  are  silver-,  iron-, 
and  copper-mines.     Pop.  2295. 

Orb,  oRb  (ano.  Obrist)  a  river  of  France,  rises  near 
Ceilhes,  on  the  boundary  of  the  department  of  Aveyron, 
flows  S.  past  BC'ziers,  and  7  miles  below  enters  the  Medi- 
terranean, after  a  course  of  60  miles. 

Orb,  orb  or  onp,  a  town  of  Prussia,  on  the  Orb,  42 
miles  N.W.  of  Wiirzburg.  Pop.  3638.  It  has  mineral 
springs,  salt-mines,  flour-mills,  and  manufactures  of  paper. 

Or'bansay  Island,  one  of  the  Hebrides,  Scotland,  £. 
of  the  N.  peninsula  of  Barra. 

Orbassano,  on-bAs-si'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  provinee 
and  8  miles  S.W.  of  Turin.     Pop.  2789. 

Orbc,  ORb  or  OR'beh  (anc.  Urbirjenvm  f),  a  town  of 
Switzerland,  canton  of  Vaud,  on  the  Orbe,  6  miles  S.W.  of 
Yverdun.     Pop.  1843. 

Orbec,  oR'bik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Calvados,  on  the 
Orbec,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Lisieux.  Pop.  2516.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  mousselincs-de-laine,  fine  cashmeres,  tapes,  and 
cotton  umbrellas. 

Orbctello,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Ohbitello. 

Orbey,  ou'bA',  or  Urbeis,  CfiR'bis,  a  town  of  Ger- 
many, 14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Colmar.  It  has  active  manu- 
factures of  printed  cotton  and  muslin  goods,  line  earthen- 
ware, and  glass.     Pop.  4728. 

Orbigo,  a  river  of  Spain.     See  Orvigo. 

Orbiso'nia,  a  post-village  of  Huntingdon  co.,  P».» 
on  the  Huntingdon  A  East  Broad  Top  Railroad,  12  miles 
S.  of  Mount  Union,  and  40  miles  W.  of  Carlisle.  It  haJ 
4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  superior  hotel,  and  2  iron- 
furnaces,  owned  by  the  Rock  Uill  Iron  A  Coal  Company, 


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who  do  a  large  business  in  mining  iron  ore.  The  name  of 
the  station  is  Rockhill.     Pop.  in  1890,  963. 

Or'biston,  a  post-village  and  station  of  Hocking  co.,  0., 
in  Ward  township.     It  has  a  church  and  an  iron-furnace. 

Orbitello,  oR-be-t4l'lo,  or  Orbetello,  on-bA-tdl'lo,  a 
fortified  town  of  Italy,  near  the  Lake  of  Orbitello,  49  miles 
S.E.  of  Piorabino.  Pop.  6461.  It  has  a  commodious  port 
for  small  vessels,  defended  by  several  batteries.  The  Lake 
of  Orbitello,  about  5  miles  in  length  by  3  miles  in  width, 
communicates  S.W.  by  an  outlet  with  the  Mediterranean. 

Orca,  ou'ki,  a  river  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  flows  E.S.E. 
from  the  Alps  to  the  Po,  which  it  joins  13  miles  N.E.  of 
Turin.    Total  course,  50  miles. 

Orcades,  the  Latin  name  of  the  Ork.vey  Islands. 

Or'cas  Island,  a  post-office  of  San  Juan  co.,  Wash., 
on  a  large  island  of  the  same  name,  just  N.E.  of  San  Juan. 
Pop.  of  island,  108. 

Orcc,  on'thi,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  80  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Granada,  near  the  source  of  the  Orce,  an  affluent 
of  the  Guadalquivir.     Pop.  2040. 

Orcha,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Orsha. 

Or'chard,  a  post-village  in  Lincoln  township,  Mitchell 
CO.,  Iowa,  12J  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Charles  City. 

Orchard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Antelope  co.,  Neb.,  23  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  O'Neill. 

Orchard  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  about 
10  miles  S.  of  Crown  Point. 

Orchard  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Spalding  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Macon  &  Western  Railroad,  49  miles  S.  of  Atlanta.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Orchard  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich. 

Orchard  Mine,  a  village  of  Peoria  co..  III.,  in  Ilollis 
township,  on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  <fc  Warsaw  Railroad,  8i  miles 
S.S.AV.  of  Peoria.     It  has  2  churches.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Or'chardville,  or  Nor'mandy,  a  post-village  in 
Grey  CO.,  Ontario,  8  miles  from  Mount  Forest.     Pop.  150. 

Orchies,  oii'shec',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  16  miles 
S.E.  of  Lille.  It  has  manufactures  of  cotton  fabrics,  edge- 
tools,  leather,  tiles,  sugar,  <fec.     Pop.  3318. 

Orchilla,  on-cheel'yi,  Urchiila,  ooR-checl'yi,  or 
Orchila,  ou-chee'lS,,  a  small  island  of  the  Caribbean  Sea, 
belonging  to  Venezuela,  80  miles  N.W,  of  Tortuga.  Lat. 
11°  6U'  N.;  Ion.  66°  14'  W.  Length,  8  miles;  surface  low; 
soil  arid.    Chief  product,  guano. 

Orcliomenus,  or-kom'e-nus,  a  ruined  city  of  Greece, 
in  Boeotia.  Its  remains  are  on  the  W.  shore  of  Lake  To- 
polias,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Livadia. 

Orcinovi,  a  village  of  Italy.    See  Orzi-Noti. 

Oreo,  a  river  of  Italy.    See  Orca. 

Or'cutt  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  1 
mile  from  Ciiemung  Station,  N.Y.,  and  about  15  miles  S.E. 
of  Einiira,  N.Y.     It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  Ac. 

Or'cuttville,  a  hamlet  in  Stafford  township,  Tolland 
CO.,  Conn.,  on  the  New  London  Northern  Railroad,  22i  miles 
N.X.W.  of  Willimantic.  It  has  a  woollen-factory  and  a 
lumber-mill. 

Ord,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Valley  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
North  Loup  River,  about  63  miles  N.  of  Kearney.  It  has 
a  newspaper  office. 

Or'derville,  a  post-village  of  Kane  co.,  Utah,  about 
40  miles  E.  of  Toquerville.  It  has  a  church,  a  seminary, 
and  manufsicturcs  of  furniture,  leather,  Ac. 

Ord-of-Caith'ness,a  hill  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Scot- 
lanil,  between  Caithness  and  Sutherland,  1200  feet  high. 

Ordn,  or^doo',  a  town  and  port  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the 
Black  Sea,  35  miles  W.  of  Kerasoon. 

Ordiibad,  or-doo-bid',  or  Oodabad,  oo-dS,-bid',  a 
town  of  Russian  Transcaucasia,  government  of  Erivan,  40 
miles  S.E.  of  Nakhchivan.     Pop.  4321. 

Orduiia,  OR-doon'yA,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of 
Alava,  22  miles  N.W.  of  Vitoria,  in  a  fine  mountain-valley, 
on  the  Nervion.  P.  2029.  It  is  enclosed  by  Moorish  walls, 
and  has  a  hospital,  a  custom-house,  and  an  extensive  trade. 

O'rean'a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Macon  co..  111.,  on  the  In- 
dianapolis, Bloomington  <fc  Western  Railroad,  8  miles  N.E. 
of  Decatur.     It  has  2  churches. 

Oreana,  a  post-village  of  Humboldt  co.,  Nev.,  near  the 
Humboldt  River,  and  2  miles  from  Oreana  Station,  which 
is  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  108  miles  N.E.  of  Reno. 
It  has  2  hotels  and  2  stores.  Gold,  silver,  and  antimony 
are  mined  here. 

O^reap'olis,  a  station  on  the  Platte  River,  and  on  the 
Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of 
its  Omaha  Branch,  4  miles  W.  of  Plattsmouth,  Neb. 

Orearville,  o-reer'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saline  eo.,  Mo., 
in  Clay  township,  20  miles  from  Miami,  which  is  on  the 
Missouri  River. 


Ore  Bank,  a  station  on  the  Sligo  Branch  of  the  Alle« 
ghany  Valley  Railroad,  1  mile  S.  of  Sligo,  Pa. 

Ore  Banks,  a  post-hamlet  of  Buckingham  co.,  Va.,  30 
miles  N.  of  Farmvillo.     Here  are  quarries  of  roofing-slate. 

Orebro,  or  Ulrebro,  o'ri-broo\  a  lien  or  province  of 
Sweden,  mostly  between  lat.  59°  and  60°  N.  and  Ion.  14° 
and  16°  E.  Area,  3502  square  miles.  -Pop.  181,236.  Prin- 
cipal towns,  Orebro,  Nora,  Linde,  and  Askersund. 

Orebro,  a  town  of  Sweden,  capital  of  the  Iren  of  the 
same  name,  situated  at  the  W.  extremity  of  Lake  lljclmar, 
on  a  railway,  104  miles  AV.  of  Stockholm.  Pop.  10,496.  It 
has  an  ancient  castle,  a  church,  a  town  hall,  a  house  of 
assembly,  a  hospital,  manufactures  of  woollens,  wax  cloths, 
stockings,  vitriol,  and  snuff,  and  an  active  trade  with  Stock- 
holm. 

Orechow,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Orkkhot. 

Ore  Creek,  of  Michigan,  enters  the  Shiawassee  River 
in  Genesee  co. 

Oreehina,  Hawaii.    Sec  Lehua  Island. 

Oree'no,  a  town  of  India,  in  Bundolcund,  23  miles 
N.E.  of  Ditteah. 

Orefield,  or'feeld,  a  post-village  in  North  Whitehall 
township,  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Ironton  Branch  Railroad, 
2  miles  from  Guth's  Station,  and  about  9  miles  W.  by  N.  of 
Allentown.  It  has  a  church  and  a  carriage-shop.  Iron 
ore  is  mined  here. 

Oregon,  or'e-ggn,  one  of  the  Pacific  states  of  the  Amer- 
ican Union,  bounded  N.  by  Washington,  E.  by  Idaho,  S.  by 
Nevada  and  California,  and  W.  by  the  Pacific  Ocean.  The 
northern  border  is  washed  by  the  Columbia  River,  except  to 
the  eastward  of  the  point  where  that  stream  first  reaches 
lat.  46°  N.,  which  parallel  completes  the  northern  limit  of 
the  state ;  on  the  E.  the  Snake  River  forms  a  portion  of  the 
boundary,  while  the  southern  limit  is  lat.  42°  N.  Area, 
96,030  square  miles. 

Face  of  the  Country. — Advancing  eastward  from  the  bold 
cliffs  of  the  coast,  we  cross  a  hilly  plateau,  densely  timbered, 
except  in  the  S.,  where  the  "  bald  hills"  arise  in  an  open 
prairie-like  region  with  groves  of  timber.  This  plateau  is 
bounded  eastward  by  the  evergreen  Coast  and  Umpqua 
Rangcfs.  Between  these  ranges  on  the  W.  and  the  great 
Cascade  Range  on  the  E.  lie  the  fertile  Willamette  River 
valley  and  the  upper  basins  of  the  Umpqua  and  Rogue 
Rivers, — the  three  river-basins  being  separated  by  the  trans- 
verse Calapooya  and  Rogue  River  Mountains.  The  W.  flank 
of  this  range  is  a  densely-timbered  and  greatly-broken  re- 
gion, of  which  only  the  valleys  are  arable.  These  moun- 
tains present  many  cones  of  but  recently  extinct  volcanoes. 
E.  of  the  Cascade  Range  the  country,  embracing  two-thirds 
of  the  state,  is  open,  dry,  and  admirably  adapted  to  pas- 
toral pursuits.  It  is  a  rolling  country,  in  some  parts  trav- 
ersed by  deep  canons,  and  elsewhere  by  mountain-ranges 
and  ridges  of  volcanic  rock.  In  the  N.E.  is  the  beautiful 
Grande  Rondo,  a  valley  with  275,000  acres  of  fertile  land, 
surrounded  by  well-timbered  mountains.  This  is  the  north- 
ernmost of  a  series  of  similar  valleys  enclosed  by  the  Blue 
Mountains  and  their  eastern  spurs.  There  are  also  great 
sage-plains,  and  large  marshes  occur  in  the  Klamath  Valley 
and  elsewhere. 

The  Coast-Line  extends  more  than  300  miles  N.  and  S., 
on  which  are  Tillamook,  False  Tillamook,  Yaquina,  and 
Coos  Bays,  besides  which  the  mouths  of  the  Columbia,  Ump- 
qua, Coquille,  and  Rogue  Rivers  afford  harbor  privileges. 

Jilvers^ — The  principal  rivers  are  the  Columbia,  which 
borders  the  state  for  300  miles  and  affords  extensive  steam 
navigation,  and  its  tributaries,  direct  and  indirect,  viz.,  the 
Willamette,  up  which  ships  can  sail  18  miles,  and  small 
steamboats  126  miles;  the  Calapooya,  Santiam,  Clackamas, 
Yamhill,  Tualatin,  Ac,  all  west  of  the  Cascade  Range,  afford- 
ing some  steam  navigation;  and  E.  of  the  Cascade  Range 
the  Des  Chutes,  John  Day's,  Umatilla,  Walla  Walla,  and 
Snake,  the  latter  receiving  the  Grande  Ronde,  Powder, 
Burnt,  Malheur,  and  Owyhee.  A  considerable  area  in  this 
state  sends  no  water  to  the  sea,  since  it  lies  in  what  is  called 
the  Great  Fremont  Basin.  Here  are  Malheur,  Harney, 
Christmas,  Abert,  and  Summer  Lakes,  and  westward  are 
several  lakes  which  lie  in  the  Upper  Klamath  Valley. 

Geology. — The  Cascade  Range,  geographically  continuous 
with  the  Sierra  Nevada  of  California,  is  almost  everywhere 
overlaid  with  volcanic  rocks.  Upon  this  range  there  are 
three  or  more  existing  glaciers.  The  other  mountains  are 
mainly  eozoic ;  but  in  the  valleys  of  the  Snake  and  Owyhee 
the  formation  is  again  largely  volcanic.  The  other  great 
valleys  are  chiefly  of  tertiary  and  quaternary  age ;  but  there 
are  well -characterized  cretaceous  areas,  mainly  in  the  Des 
Chutes,  John  Day's,  and  Rogue  River  Valleys.  The  ridge 
between  Coos  Bay  and  Coquille  River  contains  important 


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soa)-8«nina,  oommonly  referred  to  a  miooone  tertiary  Age, 
but  |)orhit|i8  oretnooouR.  This  atune  ooal  is  found  nt  many 
other  point*  in  tho  itate.  Uold  is  found  both  U.  and  W.  of 
the  CiMoada  Ilange,  but  principally  in  the  valleys  of  John 
Day's,  Powder,  and  Burnt  Rivers,  ooourring  in  quart*  and 
placer  depositu,  and  silver  has  been  discovered  in  quartz 
and  in  galena  at  many  points.  Ores  of  copper  and  iron  arc 
very  abundant,  and  have  a  wide  range.  Potter's  clay,  glivss- 
tand,  gninite,  marble,  sandiitono,  slate,  steatite,  and  other 
mineral  substances  of  economic  value  arc  plentiful.  Oregon 
produced  in  1867  some  $22,0U0,U0O  in  bullion,  but  in  no 
other  year  has  she  nllbidod  one-sixth  of  that  amount.  In 
187i  she  produced  $1, 165,046;  in  1890,  $987.6'JI. 

Object*  of  luterett  to  Touriatt. — The  scenery  on  the  Lower 
Columbia  is  everywhere  of  a  grand,  thoiigli  gloomy,  char- 
acter. Tho  Dalles  and  the  Cascades,  the  Falls  of  the  Wil- 
lamette and  of  Silver  Creek,  the  groat  crumbling  cone  of 
Mount  Hood,  the  mountain  clitrs  and  gorges,  the  caRons 
and  tho  snow-clod  peaks,  the  numerous  limpid  lakes  and 
thermal  salt  and  mineral  springs,  broken  lava-dcseits  and 
beautiful  pastoral  valleys,  are  among  tho  inlintto  variety  of 
interesting  objects  to  bo  found  in  this  tho  least  familiarly 
known  of  the  states. 

Climnte. — The  reputation  of  Oregon  has  suffered  unjustly, 
and  she  is  often  spoken  of  as  a  land  of  incessant  rains ;  but 
scientific  observation  shows  that  the  rainfall,  though  pro- 
longed in  winter,  is  not  excessive.  In  short,  the  climate  of 
Western  Oregon  is  much  like  that  of  England,  but  milder 
in  winter,  except  in  elevated  places.  But  E.  of  the  Cascade 
Mountains  there  is  never  an  excess  of  rain,  and  the  climate 
is  almost  always  pleasant.  Oregon  generally  has  remark- 
ably cool  summers  and  mild  winters.  Stock  seldom  needs 
winter  foddering  or  careful  shelter,  although  the  last  is  do- 
lirable  in  the  rainy  season. 

The  iVatHrnl  Productionit,  animal  and  vegetable,  differ 
widely  from  those  of  the  Atlantic  states  ;  but  the  grizzly  and 
the  block  bear,  the  deer,  the  prong-horn,  big-horn,  llocky 
Mountain  goat,  coyote,  panther,  Ac,  represent  species 
found  widely  dispersed  on  this  continent.  Salmon  and 
trout  are  common  in  the  streams,  and  tho  annual  catch  of 
the  former  is  largo  and  lucrative,  especially  on  the  Colum- 
bia River.  Other  fishes  of  economic  importance  arc  several 
herrings  and  smelts,  the  halibut,  and  the  cod  (incorrectly 
80  called).  There  is  much  and  widely  varied  furred  and 
feathered  game. 

The  princi])al  mountain-ranges  and  nearly  all  tho  west- 
ern valleys  and  plateaus  ore  densely  wooded  with  giant 
trees.  Here  grow  four  or  five  true  pines,  two  cedars,  a 
cypress,  redwood,  larch,  spruce,  juniper,  yew,  five  or  more 
firs,  a  chestnut  (Castanopgis),  maple,  oak,  ash,  and  a  great 
alder,  largo  enough  to  afford  timber ;  and  eastward  there  are 
willows,  poplars,  birches,  and  some  coniferous  trees.  Conif- 
erous trees  predominate,  and  give  tone  to  tho  landscapes. 
Tho  cutting  and  sawing  of  lumber,  and  the  export  of  tim- 
ber and  spars,  afford  employment  to  much  capital,  and  tho 
Douglas  spruce  affords  the  best  masts  and  spars  in  tho 
world.  Among  native  fruits  are  many  (some  of  them  pecu- 
liar) currants  and  gooseberries,  blackberries,  strawberries, 
grapes,  raspberries,  barberries,  etc.  Oregon  has  already 
afforded  severol  beautiful  ornamental  shrubs  and  other 
plants  for  tho  florist.  The  interesting  native  sallal  berry 
(Ganltherta  Shallon)  is  dried  in  cakes  and  largely  used  as 
food,  being  very  palatable.  In  Eastern  Oregon  the  root 
called  yiimp  {Carum  Gairdiieri)  much  resembles  the  carrot, 
and  the  green  and  blue  quamash  (Camasnia  eaculenta  and 
Milla  yrandljlora)  have  edible  corms.  The  various  bunch 
grasses  and  the  white  sago  of  the  E.  afford  excellent  pos- 
turage. 

Agriculture. — Western  Oregon  is  specially  adapted  to 
wool-growing,  cattle-breeding,  and  tho  growth  of  tho  best 
grades  of  winter  wheat,  barley,  and  oats.  Hay  is  produced 
abundantly.  Indian  corn  does  not  thrive,  the  summers 
being  too  cool.  The  apple  crop  of  Oregon  is  already  re- 
nowned. Peaches  and  figs  grow  in  tho  southwest.  Plums, 
prunes,  and  gooseberries  thrive  odmirobly.  The  eastern 
valleys  and  plains  are  better  adapted  to  grazing  than  to 
agriculture;  but  many  tracts  of  excellent  wheat-land  are 
found  there.  In  the  Willamette  Valley  live-stock  of  every 
kind  attains  great  perfection.  Flax  is  cultivated  for  fibre 
and  seed,  and  does  admirably.  Hops,  tobacco,  wool,  fruit, 
wheat,  linseed,  potatoes,  barley,  and  dairy-products  are 
chipped  hcnco  with  profit,  principally  to  San  Francisco. 

Manufacturei. — Tho  principal  works  of  this  class  are 
lumber-sowing,  the  tanning  of  l&ather,  the  making  of 
boots,  shoes,  harness,  and  saddlery,  the  milling  and  reduc- 
tion of  ores,  and  tho  making  of  flour,  furniture,  liquors, 
wagons,  linseed   oil,  Ac.     The  woollen -manufact are    has 


also  been  inaugurated  with  no  small  promise  of  good  r«. 
suits.  The  largo  and  constant  water-power  of  Oregon  will 
bo  on  important  factor  in  its  future  commercial  history. 
The  packing  of  beef  and  pork  ami  the  conning  of  salmon 
ore  carried  on  with  suooesa.  There  is  also  some  «hip. 
building. 

Commerce. — The  towns  on  the  Lower  Columbia  and  V" 
lomette  Rivers,  with  Tillamook  Boy,  Yaquina  Hay,  i 
Bay   (Empire  City),  and  Gardiner,  at  the  mouth  ui 
Umpqua,  are  the  principal  porta.     Empire  City,  Astoiui, 
and  Portland  are  ports  of  entry.     Flour  and  wheat  are  the 
principal  foreign  exports.     Wool,  grain,  flour,  fish,  flax- 
seed, meats,  blankets,  and  ooal  are  omong  the  coastwise 
and  roil  rood  exports. 

Jiailroad*. — In  1862  there  were  4  miles  of  railroad  in 
operation;  in  1865,  19  miles;  in  1870,  169  miles;  in  1875 
248  miles;  in  1880,  508  miles;  in  1885,  1181  miles;  in 
1890,  1455  miles.  The  principal  railroads  are  the  Oregon 
A  California,  extending  southward  from  Poi  tliind  and  con- 
necting at  the  state  line  with  the  Southern  Pacific;  the 
Norlhrrn  Pacific,  running  from  Portland  to  the  region  of 
Puget  Sound;  and  the  Union  Pacific,  which  connects  with 
the  lines  of  the  Oregon  Railway  and  Navigation  Company. 

Fiiiancet. — The  state  is  practically  out  of  debt,  as  there 
are  only  $1685  in  bonds  and  warrnnts  outstanding.  These 
do  not  bear  interest,  and  are  payable  on  prescntntion.  The 
assessed  valuation  of  property  in  1890  was  $U)r),025,7.'n. 

The  Counties  are  31  in  number,  viz..  Baker,  Bvnton, 
Clackamas,  Clatsop,  Columbia,  Coos,  Crook,  Curry,  Douglas, 
Gilliam,  Grant,  Harney,  Jackson,  Josephine,  KlnuiHtb, 
Lake,  Lane,  Linn,  Malheur,  Marion,  Morrow,  Multnomah, 
Polk,  Sherman,  Tillamook,  Umatilla,  Union,  Wallowa, 
Wasco,  Washington,  and  Yam  Hill.  The  principal  towns 
are  Portland,  on  the  Willamette,  Salem  (the  capital), 
Astoria  (near  the  mouth  of  the  Columbia),  Albino,  Albany, 
Oregon  City,  Baker  City,  La  Grande,  Pendleton,  Ashland, 
Corvallis,  Roseburg,  Mansfield  City,  Grant  I'ass,  McMinn- 
ville,  The  Dalles,  Independence,  Jacksonville,  IIcp|iner, 
Huntington,  Union,  Dallas,  Arlington,  and  Weston.  Most 
of  these  towns  are  but  smoll. 

Government,  dec. — The  governor  is  elected  for  a  term  of 
four  years  by  a  plurolity.  Voters  must  have  resided  in  the 
state  the  six  months  next  previous  to  voting.  Judges  are 
elected  by  the  people  for  fixed  terms  of  service.  The  legis- 
lative assembly  consists  of  a  senate  of  30  and  a  house  of 
representatives  of  60  members.  The  state  has  two  repre- 
sentatives in  the  lower  Bouse  of  Congress,  and  casts  4  elec- 
toral votes. 

Education. — Free  public  schools  are  maintained  by  the 
income  of  a  permanent  fund,  and  by  the  avails  of  certain 
state  and  county  apportionments,  local  taxes,  subscrijjtions, 
Ac.  There  are  graded  and  high  schools  in  the  princi|>ol 
towns,  and  the  number  of  private  schools  and  academies  is 
considerable.  There  ore  state  normal  schools  at  Monmouth, 
Ashland,  Drain,  and  Weston.  Eugene  City  is  tho  seat  of 
the  University  of  Oregon,  partly  under  state  control,  to 
which  are  joined  schools  of  law,  medicine,  and  music.  To 
Corvallis  College  (Methodist)  is  oflilioted  the  state  agri- 
cultur.al  college  at  Corvallis.  Other  colleges  ore  the  Prtcifio 
University,  at  Forest  Grove  (undenominational);  Christian 
College,  at  Monmouth  (Christian  Brothers) ;  McMinnville 
College  (Boptist);  Philomoth  College,  at  Philomath  (United 
Brethren  in  Christ) ;  Wilbur  College,  at  Wilbur  (Methodist)  ;| 
Willamette  University,  Salem  (Methodist);  and  St.  Mi-j 
chad's  College,  Portland  (Roman  Catholic).  Public  in-l 
struction  is  under  the  charge  of  o  stote  board  of  education,! 
and  of  state  and  county  superintendents.  i 

Hiatori/, — It  is  believed  that  the  name  Oregon  was  givcn| 
by  the  early  Spanish  explorers  on  account  of  the  abun- 
dance they  here  found  of  tho  herb  called  by  them  oregaiio 
(wild  thyme,  or  Ortffnnum).  The  country  was  claimed 
by  both  the  United  States  and  Great  Britain,  and  was  held 
to  include  the  present  state  of  Washington  and  British 
Columbia  os  far  N.  os  5t°  40'  N.  lot.  Up  to  1846  tho  t»vo 
powers  exercised  o  joint  occupation,  after  which  the  country 
was  divided,  and  the  parallel  of  49°  N.  lat.  became  the 
northern  boundary-line  of  tho  domain  of  tho  United  States, 
which  claimed  the  country  under  the  Louisiana  purchase. 
In  1811  Astoria  was  founded  by  the  Pacific  Fur  Company. 
Most  of  the  early  settlers  were  Canadian- French  voyiujeurt, 
coureurs  du  bois,  and  trappers,  and  the  Scottish  traders  of 
tho  Hudson's  Bay  and  Northwest  Fur  Companies.  The 
permanent  settlement  by  Americans  began  in  1833.  Oregon 
was  organized  as  a  territory  in  1848,  and  in  1859  it  became 
a  state  with  its  present  limits. 

Population. — A  very  large  proportion  of  tho  early  immi- 
gronts  were  from  Missouri.     Pop.  in  1850,  13,294;  in  1360, 


om 


'2Km 


ORE 


52  465;  in  1865,  65,090;  in  1870,  90,923,  of  whom  3330 
w'e're  Chinese.  This  was  exclusive  of  tribal  Indians,  of 
whom  in  1875  there  were  3628  on  reservations,  besides 
gome  2500  who  were  not  settled.  Pop.  in  1875,  104,920, 
excluding  Chinese  nnd  Indians.  Pop.  in  1880,  174,768; 
in  1890,  ;^13,767.  The  Indians  belong  to  a  number  of  small 
tribes.  '  The  total  Indian  population  in  1890  was  3708. 

Oregon,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Missouri,  bordering 
on  Arkansas,  lias  an  area  of  about  780  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Eleven  Points  River,  which  runs  in  a  south- 
easterly direction,  and  by  an  affluent  of  Spring  River.  A 
large  part  of  the  surface  of  this  county  is  covered  with  for- 
ests Indian  corn  and  pork  are  staple  products.  Capital, 
Alton.    Pop-  i°  IS'i'O-  3287;  in  1880,  5791 ;  in  1890,  10,467. 

Oregon,  a  post-hamlet  of  JeflFerson  co.,  Ala.,  about  7 
miles  N.E.  of  Birmingham,  and  1  mile  E.  of  the  South  & 
North  Alabama  Railroad. 

Oregon,  a  township  of  Butte  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  1169. 

Oregon,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Ogle  co.,  111.,  in  Ore- 
gon township,  on  Rock  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  Iowa 
Rnilroad,  101  miles  W.  of  Chicago,  and  about  25  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Rockford.  It  is  finely  situated  between  the 
river  and  a  bluflF.  It  has  5  churches,  2  newspaper  ofiBces, 
a  hii'li  school,  2  banks,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  ploughs. 
wagons,  &o.     Pop.  in  1890,  1566;  of  the  township,  1951. 

Oregon,  a  post-township  of  Clarke  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1360. 
It  contains  New  Market  (Oregon  Post-Office)  and  Otisco. 

Oregon,  a  township  of  Starke  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  524.  It 
contains  Grovertown. 

Oregon,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
1309.    It  contains  Ainsworth. 

Oregon,  a  hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Kentucky 
River,  13  miles  from  Harrodsburg.     Pop.  40. 

Oregon,  a  post-township  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
1118.    Oregon  Post-Office  is  at  Carpenter's. 

Oregon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Holt  co.,  Mo.,  in 
Lewis  township,  about  25  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Joseph,  and  5 
miles  E.  of  the  Missouri  River.  It  has  a  bank,  a  normal 
school,  2  newspaper  offices,  4  or  5  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  brooms,  cement,  chairs,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  948. 

Oregon,  a  hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Putnam 
Valley  township,  4i  miles  N.E.  of  Peekskill.  It  has  2 
paper-mills.     Here  is  Putnam  Valley  Post-Office. 

Oregon,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co.,  N.Y. 

Oregon,  a  post-office  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.C. 

Oregon,  a  township  of  Lucas  co.,  0.     Pop.  1863. 

Oregon,  a  post-village  in  Washington  township,  War- 
ren CO.,  0.,  on  Little  Miami  River,  at  Freeport  Station  on 
the  Little  Miami  Railroad,  45  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Cin- 
cinnati.    It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Oregon,  a  post-hamlet  in  Manheim  township,  Lancas- 
ter CO.,  Pa.,  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lancaster.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  150. 

Oregon,  a  township  of  Wayno  co.,  Pa,     Pop.  690. 

Oregon,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co.,  Tenn.,  3  miles 
from  Flintville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  cotton-factory. 

Oregon,  a  post-village  of  Dane  co..  Wis.,  in  Oregon 
township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  10 
'  miles  S.  of  Madison,  and  8  miles  W.  of  Stoughton.  It  has 
,  2  churches  and  a  graded  school.  Pop.  about  500.  The  town- 
ship has  manufactures  of  spring  beds  and  window-catches, 
and  a  pop.  of  1359. 

Oregon  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clackamas  co., 
Oregon,  is  on  the  right  or  E.  bank  of  the  Willamette  River, 
;ncar  the  mouth  of  the  Tualatin,  and  on  the  Oregon  &  Cali- 
fornia Railroad,  16  miles  S.  of  Portland.  It  is  situated  in 
a  canon  between  high  rocky  walls,  where  a  fall  of  the  river 
affords  abundant  water-power.  It  has  a  newspaper  office, 
j2  flouring-mills,  a  large  woollen-factory,  and  4  churches, 
|»nd  is  the  seat  of  a  Catholic  archbishop  (resident  at  Port- 
i^d).    Pop.  in  1890,  3062. 

^g[>regon  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lycoming  oo.,  Pa., 
■but  27  miles  N.W.  of  Williamsport. 
■*  Oregon  House,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yuba  co.,  Cal.,  25 
ailes  N.E.  of  Marysville. 

Or^ego'nia,  a  post-office  of  Tuscaloosa  co.,  Ala.,  about 
H  miles  W.  of  Birmingham. 

Oregon  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Beaufort  co.,  N.C,  near 
'amlico  River,  35  miles  N.E.  of  Newborn.  It  has  a  grist- 
nill  and  a  saw-mill.     Here  is  South  Creek  Post-Office. 

Or'egonville,  a  township  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.C. 
'op.  2561. 

Oregrund,  o'ri-groond\  a  town  of  Sweden,  Isen  and 
0  miles  N.E.  of  Stockholm,  on  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia. 

Ore  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Salisbury  township,  Litch- 
leld  CO.,  Conn.,  on  the  Connecticut  Western  Railroad,  3 
ailes  E.  of  Millerton,  N.Y. 

131  ■      -    " 


Ore  Hill,  Chatham  co.,  N.C.     See  Mount  Verkon. 

Ore  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  in  Taylor  township,  Blair  co., 
Pa.,  on  a  railroad,  3  miles  from  Roaring  Spring.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  mine  of  iron  ore. 

Orekhov,  Orechow,  o-rd-Kov',  or  Orikhov,  o-ro- 
Kov',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Taurida,  on  tho 
Konskaia,  an  affluent  of  the  Dnieper,  73  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Yekaterinoslav.     Pop.  5600. 

Ore  Knob,  nob,  a  post-village  in  Peak  Creek  township, 
Ashe  CO.,  N.C,  45  miles  S.  of  Marion,  Va.  It  has  a  church, 
rich  mines  of  copper,  and  large  smelting-works,  the  annual 
product  of  which  is  valued  at  $250,000.     Pop.  about  700.. 

Orel,  o-rSr,  or  Orlik,  or-lik'  or  or-leek',  a  sluggish 
river  of  Russia,  rises  near  the  S.  frontiers  of  the  govern- 
ment of  Kharkov,  flows  S.W.  across  the  government  of 
Poltava,  and  joins  the  Dnieper  on  the  left  35  miles  W.N.W 
of  Yekaterinoslav.     Total  course,  130  miles. 

Orel,  o-rSr,  Orlov,  Orlow,  orMov',  or  Orlof,  a 
government  of  Russia,  mostly  between  lat.  51°  60'  and  54° 
N.  and  Ion.  33°  and  39°  E.  Area,  18,393  square  miles. 
Pop.  1,596,881.  Surface  undulating.  The  rivers  are 
affluents  of  the  Dnieper,  Don,  and  Volga.  Soil  very  fer- 
tile, and  agriculture  is  the  chief  occupation  of  the  inhabit- 
ants. Principal  products,  corn  and  flour,  hemp,  flax,  lin- 
seed, honey,  bristles,  timber,  and  cattle,  with  iron,  copper, 
millstones,  nitre,  and  large  quantities  of  turf.  The  govern- 
ment is  divided  into  12  districts.     Capital,  Orel. 

Orel,  a  town  of  Russia,  capital  of  the  government  of  th« 
same  name,  is  situated  on  the  Oka,  here  joined  by  the  Orel, 
168  miles  N.W.  of  Voronezh.  Pop.  76,600.  It  is  mostly 
built  of  wood,  is  enclosed  by  a  palisade,  and  defended  by 
an  ancient  citadel,  and  has  numerous  churches,  several 
convents,  an  ecclesiastical  seminary,  a  college,  and  various 
other  schools  and  institutions.  It  is  in  a  favorable  posi- 
tion for  commerce,  being  connected  by  rivers  and  canals 
with  the  Baltic,  Black,  and  Caspian  Seas,  and  it  may  be 
considered  the  entrepSt  of  the  commerce  between  North 
and  South  Russia.  It  exports  much  rural  produce  to  Mos- 
cow and  to  St.  Petersburg,  and  has  manufactures  of  cotton, 
woollen,  and  linen  stuffs,  with  tanneries,  distilleries,  tallow- 
houses,  rope-walks,  Ac,  and  several  important  annual  fairs. 

O'rel,  post-office,  Allen  co.,  Kansas,  14  miles  E.  of  lola. 

Oreland,  or'land,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  North  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Plymouth  Branch  Railroad  (to  Conshohocken),  12  miles 
from  Philadelphia. 

O^rell',  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Louis- 
ville, Paducah  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  13  miles  S.W.  of 
Louisville. 

Orellana,  South  America.    See  Amazon. 

Orellana  la  Vieja,o-rfil-yi'ni  IS,  ve-d'Hi,  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  63  miles  E.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  2096. 

Oremarrah,  Beloochistan.    See  Ras-Arubah. 

Orenboorg,  Orenbourg,  or  Orenburg,  o'r§n- 
boonG\  a  government  of  Russia,  mostly  comprised  in 
Europe,  but  partly  in  Asia.  Area,  73,885  square  miles. 
Surface  mostly  mountainous,  its  centre  being  covered  with 
the  S.  ranges  of  the  Ural.  Principal  rivers,  the  Ural, 
Belaia,  and  Samara  in  Europe,  and  in  Asia  several  affluents 
of  the  Tobol.  The  principal  wealth  of  the  population  con- 
sists in  cattle,  sheep,  horses,  camels,  <fec.,  herds  often  com- 
prising from  200  to  2000  horses  and  from  500  to  4000  head 
of  horned  cattle.  Caviare,  made  from  fish  taken  in  the 
Ural  and  other  rivers,  is  an  important  article  of  trade.  The 
mineral  products  consist  of  gold,  copper,  iron,  salt,  and 
some  sulphur,  vitriol,  <fec.  Its  trade  is  principally  with  Asia 
by  means  of  caravans  of  camels.  Among  the  people  are 
many  Cossacks,  Kirgheez,  and  Bashkeers.     Pop.  900,547. 

Orenboorg,  or  Orenburg,  a  fortified  city  of  Euro- 
pean Russia,  capital  of  the  government  of  the  same  name, 
on  the  Ural,  in  lat.  51°  48'  N.,  Ion.  65°  12'  E.  Pop.  42,123. 
In  April,  1879,  it  was  visited  by  a  destructive  conflagration 
and  greatly  damaged,  prior  to  which  it  possessed  2  cathe- 
drals, a  Tartar  mosque,  exchange,  custom-house,  govern- 
ment offices,  barracks  and  house  of  correction,  a  museum, 
and  a  Mohammedan  school.  The  principal  part  of  the 
town  was,  however,  destroyed.  On  the  opposite  bank  of  the 
Ural  is  a  large  bazaar,  the  place  of  an  extensive  trade  with 
Central  Asia,  imports  consisting  of  silk,  gold  and  silver, 
jewels,  Chinese  produce,  and  colonial  goods  received  over- 
land from  India,  and  exports  comprising  woollen  cloths, 
leather,  pearls,  cutlery,  &o.  It  has  manufactures  of  soap, 
leather,  and  woollens,  great  tallow-rendering-houses,  &e. 

Orenoque,  South  America.    See  Oiiinoco. 

Orense,  0-r5n'sA  (anc.  A' quie  Cal'idte  Cilio'rnmf),  a 
town  of  Spain,  capital  of  the  province  of  Orense,  on  the 
Minho,  46  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lugo.     It  is  gloomy  and  ill 


nife 


ORE 


2074 


ORI 


built,  but  has  a  largo  cathedral  and  other  churches,  an  or- 
phan asylum,  hoKpitnl,  seminary,  house  of  industry,  and 
nighly-roputed  thoruial  springs,  with  manufiicturos  of 
choouiato  and  a  trmlo  in  bams.  It  is  a  bishop's  see.  A 
cathedral,  dedicated  to  St.  Martin,  was  built  so  early  as 
630;  but  the  Moors  in  718  levelled  Orense  to  the  ground, 
and  it  remained  a  heap  of  ruins  till  832,  when  it  was  re- 
built by  Alonxo  el  Ca«to.  The  present  Qothio  cathedral 
was  erected  in  1220.     Pop.  10,955. 

Orense,  a  province  of  Spain,  in  Galicia,  bounded  S. 
by  Portugal.  Area,  2588  square  miles.  Capital,  Orense. 
Pop.  401,857. 

O'rent,  a  post-office  of  Kankakee  co..  III. 

OrerOy  o-rVro,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Genoa,  8 
miles  from  Chiavari.     Pop.  1737. 

Oreste,  or  Sant*  Oreste,  slnt  o-rfis'ti,  a  town  of 
Italy,  24  miles  N.  of  Rome,  on  a  mountain  of  the  same 
name,  the  ancient  Soraote.     Pop.  1747. 

OretOWD)  0r't5wn,  post-office,  Tillamook  co.,  Oregon. 

Oretum,  or  Oria.    See  Calatrava  la  Vieja. 

Ore  Valley,  a  post-office  of  York  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Peach  Bottom  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  York. 

Oreville,  Or'vll,  a  station  in  Hocking  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Straitsville  Branch  of  the  Columbus  &  Hocking  Valley 
Railroad,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Logan. 

Orfa,  or  Orfah,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Oorfa. 

Or'ford,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Suffolk,  at  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Aide  and  Ore,  near  their  mouth  in  the  North 
Sea,  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ipswich.  Pop.  7345.  It  has  a 
large  ancient  church,  an  old  town  hall,  assembly-room,  and 
fine  remains  of  a  Norman  castle,  with  some  fisheries,  chiefly 
of  oysters.  The  port  was  formerly  of  importance,  but  the 
sea  has  receded.  The  borough,  until  disfranchised,  sent 
two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons.  In  the  vicinity 
are  Sudbourne  Hall  and  2  light-houses,  well  known  as"  Or- 
ford-ncss  Lights,"  83  feet  above  the  sea,  lat.  62°  4'  8"  N., 
Ion.  1°  34'  2"  E. 

Or'ford,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Grafton 
to.,  N.H.,  in  Orford  township,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  and 
on  the  Passumpsio  Railroad,  about  14  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Haverhill.  It  is  surrounded  by  beautiful  scenery.  A 
bridge  across  the  river  connects  Orford  with  Fairlee,  in  Ver- 
mont. Orford  has  an  academy  and  2  churches,  also  manu- 
factures of  butter-tubs,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1119. 

Orford,  a  post-office  of  Boone  co..  Neb. 

Or'fordville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grafton  oo.,  N.II.,  in 
Orford  township,  about  24  miles  W.N.W.  of  Plymouth.  It 
has  a  church  and  2  chair-factories. 

Orfordville,  or  Orford,  a  post-village  of  Rock  co., 
Wis.,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Janesville  with  Mon- 
roe, 12  or  13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Janesville.     Pop.  about  200. 

Orfui,  or^fwee',  called  also  Ras  Hafoon,  rks  hi^foon', 
a  cape  of  East  Africa,  about  100  miles  S.  of  Cape  Quardafui. 

Or'gain's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  Tenn. 

Or'gan  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Ind., 
about  25  miles  N.AV.  of  New  Albany. 

Org&os,  Sehua  DOS,  sfiR'ni  doce  OR-gH'Auss  ("Organ 
Mountains"),  a  mountain  cordillora  of  Brazil,  extends  from 
E.  to  S.W.  in  the  provinces  of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  Sao  Paulo, 
and  Santa  Catharina.  One  portion  of  this  chain,  more  par- 
ticularly called  the  Organ  Mountains,  is  situated  40  miles 
N.E.  of  Rio  Janeiro.     Highest  point,  3800  feet. 

Orgaz,  oR-gith'  (anc.  Althie'a),  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  2877, 

Orghcnd-Ab,  Afghanistan.    See  URGiiuxnAUB. 

Orghesan,  or^gh?h-sin',  or  Urghesan,  iir'gh?h-s8.n', 
a  river  of  Afghanistan,  rises  in  the  mountains  of  Ghuznee, 
flows  AV.,  and,  after  a  course  of  above  100  miles,  joins  the 
Tarnak,  an  affluent  of  the  Urghundaub. 

Orghiev,  or  Orgjiev,  Russia.    See  Orkhei. 

Orgiano,  oR-ji'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  12 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Vicenza.     Pop.  3334, 

Orgiva,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Orjiba. 

Orgon,  0R^g6N<'',  a  town  of  France,  in  Bouches-du- 
Rhftne,  near  the  Durance,  21  miles  N.E.  of  Aries.     P.  1416. 

Orgosolo,  oR-go-so'lo,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sar- 
dinia, 8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Nuoro.     Pop.  2140. 

Oria,  o're-i,  or  Uritana,  oo-re-ti'ni  (anc.  Uria,  or 
Hyria),  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Lecce,  22  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Brindisi,  on  a  hill  between  2  small  lakes.  Pop.  7085.  It 
is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  cathedral  and  a  hospital. 

Oria,  o're-i,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  40  miles  N. 
of  Alraeria.     Pop.  1610. 

Orie,  o'ree,  a  post-office  of  Sumn«r  co.,  Kansas. 

OriekliOT,  or  Orjekliow,  Russia.     See  Orekhov. 

Orient,  o're-ent,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adair  co.,  Iowa,  in 


Orient  township,  14  miles  by  rail  N,  of  Creston,    It  is  su 
rounded  by  rich  undulating  prairie.    Pop.  of  township,  21 

Orient,  a  post-township  of  Aroostook  oo..  Me.  Po 
219.     Orient  Post-Offioe  is  24  miles  S.  of  Houlton. 

Orient,  a  station  of  the  Boston,  Revere  Beach  k  Lyt 
Railroad,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Boston,  Mass. 

Orient,  a  township  of  Osceola  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  293. 
contains  Sears. 

Orient,  a  post-village  in  Southold  township,  Suffolk  o< 
N.Y.,  on  Orient  Harbor,  and  on  a  narrow  ])cninsula  whi( 
is  the  northeastern  e-xtremity  of  Long  Island,  5  or  6  mil 
N.E.  of  Grcenport.  It  is  also  on  Gardiner's  Bay.  It  li; 
2  churches,  2  hotels,  and  the  works  of  a  fertilizing  compan 
Pop.  in  1890,  808. 

Oriental,  o-re-Sn't%1,  a  post-hamlet  of  Juniata  0( 
Pa.,  about  20  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Sunbury. 

Oricnte,  o-re-4n'tA,  a  province  of  Ecuador,  on  the  '. 
side  of  the  Andes,  embracing  a  vast  extent  of  country  : 
the  Amazon  valley,  and  traversed  by  many  rivers.  Capits 
Archidona.     Estimated  pop.  200,000,  nearly  all  Indians, 

Orient,  L',  a  town  of  France.     See  Loriknt. 

Origny,  o'reen'yee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Aisne,  c 
the  Thon,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Vervins.     Pop.  1380, 

Origny  Sainte-B^nofte,  oVcen^yce'  sJLst-bi^nw&l 
a  village  of  France,  department  of  Aisne,  8  miles  E.  of  Sain 
Qucntin,     Lawn,  shawls,  Ac,  are  made  here.     Pop.  2584 

Orihuela,  o-re-wi'li,  a  city  of  Spain,  province  and  ; 
miles  S.W.  of  Alicante,  on  the  Sogura.  Pop.  25,208. 
stands  at  the  foot  of  a  ridge  of  rocks,  in  a  tract  terrae 
from  its  fertility,  "  the  garden  of  Spain."  Principal  buiii 
ings,  a  cathedral  and  10  other  churches,  2  hospitals, 
foundling  asylum,  a  public  granary,  and  cavalry  barrack 
It  has  a  college,  manufactures  of  linens  and  hats,  tanncrie 
and  corn-  and  oil-mills. 

Oritin'la,  a  post-office  of  Winnebago  co.,  Wis.,on  Wol 
River,  about  20  miles  N.W,  of  Oshkosli. 

Orikhov,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Orekhov. 

Orikhova,  o-re-Ko'vi,  or  Trtvjanopolis,  tri-ji 
nop'o-lis,  a  town  of  Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  18  miles  N.V 
of  Ipsala.     It  is  the  see  of  a  Greek  archbishop. 

Orillia,  o-ril'Ie-a,  a  post-village  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Sin 
coe,  situated  on  Lake  Couchiching  (at  the  N.  extremil 
of  Lake  Simcoe),  and  at  the  junction  of  the  Northern  arj 
Midland  Railways,  22  miles  from  Barrie,  and  86  mil 
from  Toronto.  It  contains  3  churches,  a  branch  bank,; 
newspaper  offices,  a  lunatic  asylum,  several  grist-,  saw 
shingle-,  and  planing-mills,  an  iron-foundry,  a  tannery,: 
brewery,  several  hotels  and  churches,  and  a  number  c 
stores.    Steamers  run  between  here  and  Barrie.    Pop.  2831 

Orinoco,  o-re-no'ko  (i.e.,  in  an  Indian  languagj 
"coiled  serpent")  (Fr.  Orinoque,  o'ri'nok'),  one  of  tli 
principal  rivers  of  South  America,  rises  in  the  Sierra  NJ 
vada  of  Venezuelan  Guiana,  winds  successively  W.,  N.,  ar| 
E.  through  the  centre  of  the  Venezuelan  territory,  an 
enters  the  Atlantic  by  numerous  mouths,  in  lat.  8°  40'  B 
and  Ion.  61°  W.  Total  course  estimated  at  1600  miles,  K 
more  than  the  latter  half  of  which,  or  to  the  rapids  ci 
Atures,  it  is  uninterruptedly  navigable.  Area  of  its  basil! 
252,000  square  miles.  The  principal  affluents,  in  desconct 
ing,  are,  from  the  left,  the  united  stream  of  the  Atabaj: 
and  Guaviare,  the  Meta,  the  Arauca,  and  the  Apuri 
Some  of  these  tributaries  are  larger  than  the  Danubi 
Those  from  the  right  are  the  Ventuari,  Avhich  joins  j 
about  40  miles  E.  of  the  junction  of  the  Atabapo,  tl 
Caura,  and  the  Caronj'.  By  the  Cassiquiare  it  has  a  si) 
gular  navigable  communication  with  the  Rio  Negro  an 
the  Amazon.  At  200  leagues  from  the  ocean  its  breadth 
about  3  miles,  and  at  Angostura,  about  250  miles  from  i 
mouths,  to  which  place  the  tide  reaches,  it  is  4  miles  acres 
and,  when  lowest,  65  fathoms  deep. 

Two  remarkable  rapids  occur  in  the  upper  part  of  tl 
Orinoco,  called  the  Atures  and  the  Maypures,  or  Apurcs,  tli 
one  in  lat.  5°  8'  N.,  the  other  about  36  miles  lower  dowi; 
These  rapids  consist  of  a  countless  number  of  little  ca;i 
cades  succeeding  one  another  like  steps,  and  where  nume' 
ous  islands  and  rocks  so  restrict  the  bed  of  the  river  thi 
out  of  a  breadth  of  8000  feet  there  often  only  remains  ai 
open  channel  20  feet  in  width.  The  waters  of  the  Orino( 
rise  from  April  to  October,  attaining  their  greatest  heigl 
in  July  and  August.  The  vast  plains  through  which  tl 
river  flows  are  at  this  season  to  a  great  extent  overflowe( 
Both  banks  of  the  stream  are  densely  wooded,  and,  like  tl 
river  itself,  full  of  animal  life.  The  numerous  channels  b 
which  the  Orinoco  latterly  finds  its  way  to  the  sea  begin  i 
branch  off  from  the  main  stream  upwards  of  100  miles  froi 
the  coast.  The  most  S.  and  widest  of  these  branches  rui 
directly  E.,  and  reaches  the  ocean  by  the  mouth  called  Bo( 


r 


ORI 


mi 


<!)Rt 


de  Navios,  or  Cano  Navios,  between  Point  Barima  on  the 
g.  and  the  islands  of  Cangrojos  on  the  N.,  which  are  more 
than  20  miles  apart.  In  front  of  this  mouth  is  a  bar,  on 
trhich  is  17  feet  of  water,  and  which  is  supposed  to  be  nearly 
3000  fathoms  across.  In  the  month  of  April,  when  the 
water  is  lowest,  the  tides  are  perceptible  in  the  river  at 
Angostura,  a  distance  of  250  miles  from  the  sea.  The  other 
branches,  which  run  N.  and  divide  the  delta  of  the  Orinoco 
Into  numerous  low  islands,  are  imperfectly  known. 

Orio,  o're-o,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Guipuzcoa,  6  miles 
■\V.S.W.  of  St.  Sebastian,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Orio  in 
the  Bay  of  Biscay.     Pop.  1035. 
Oriole,  o're-ol,  a  post-oflBce  of  Smith  co.,  Kansas. 
Oriole,  a  post-ofEco  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.,  is  at  a  ham- 
let named  Jamestown,  5  miles  S.  of  Jersey  Shore. 

Oriolo,  o-ree'o-lo  (anc.  Fo'rnm  Clau'dii  ?),  a  village  of 
Italy,  26  miles  N.W.  of  Rome.     Pop.  1191. 

Oi'iolo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Coscnza,  11  miles 
N.W.  of  Iloseto.     Pop.  1576. 

Orion,  o-ri'pn  or  o'r?-on,  a  post-village  of  Pike  co,, 
Ala.,  about  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  Montgomery.  It  has  3 
churches  and  the  Orion  Institute. 

Orion,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co.,  Ark.,  15  miles  S.  of 
Mabel  vale.     It  has  2  churches. 
Orion,  a  township  of  Fulton  co.,  III.     Pop.  1082. 
Orion,  a  post-village  in  Western  township,  Henry  co., 
111.,  on  the  Peoria  &  Rock  Island  Railroad  where  it  crosses 
the  Rockford,  Rock  Island  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  19  miles 
S.E.  of  Rock   Island   City.     It   has   a   graded   school.    3 
;  churches,  several  stores,  and  a  flour-mill.    Pop.  (1800)  024. 
ji  ■  Orion,  a  post-office  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Tip- 
i  pecanoe  River,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  <t  Chicago 
Kailroad,  3  miles  W.  of  Warsaw. 

Orion,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hickman  co.,  Ky.,  5  miles 
N.E.  of  Clinton. 

Orion,  a  post-village  in  Orion  township,  Oakland  co., 

Mich.,  on   Paint  Creek,  and  on  the  Detroit  &   Bay  City 

Railroad,  44  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Detroit,  11  miles  N.N.E.  of 

Pontiac,  and  19  miles  S.  of  Lapeer.     It  has  2  churches,  2 

flour-mills,  a  foundry,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  304; 

of  the  township,  1186.     Here  is  a  small  lake  named  Orion. 

Orion,  a  township  of  Olmsted  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  630. 

Orion,  a  post-village  in  Orion  township,  Richland  co., 

.  Wis.,  on  the  Wisconsin  River,  2  miles  from  Muscoda,  and 

about  60  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Madison.     It  has  a  church,  a 

:arringe-shop,  do.     Pop.  of  the  township,  687. 

Oris'kany,  a  post-village  in  Whitestown  township, 
!  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Oriskany  Creek,  near  its  mouth,  on 
(the  Erie  Canal,  and  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad, 
ir  miles  N.W.  of  Utica,  and  7i  miles  S.E.  of  Rome.  It 
Mntains  2  or  3  churches  and  several  mills  and  manufac- 
[tories  of  malleable  iron.     Pop.  860. 

;  Oriskany  Creek,  New  York,  rises  in  Madison  co., 
•uns  in  a  N.N.E.  direction,  and  enters  the  Mohawk  River 
n  Oneida  co.,  about  7  miles  above  Utica. 

Oriskany  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Augusta  township, 
)neida  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Oriskany  Creek,  and  on  the  Utica 
jraneh  of  the  New  York  &  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  18 
niles  S.W.  of  Utica.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  ofBce, 
!  flour-mills,  a  machine-shop,  and  manufactures  of  cassi- 
aeres,  flannel,  lime,  <fec.     Pop.  in  1890,  625. 

Or'ison,  a  station  in  Cook  co.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  & 
'acific  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Chicago. 

Orissa,o-ris'sS,,  a  province  of  India,  in  Bengal,  of  which 
t  forms  the  S.  extension,  between  lat.  19°  and  23°  N.  and 
)n.  83°  and  88°  E.,  having  E.  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  and 
omprising  the  districts  of  Balasore,  Cuttack,  and  Pooree, 
nd  the  native  states  called  Cuttack  Mehals.  Chief  town 
tack.  Area,  8172  square  miles.  Pop.  3,865,020. 
ristano,  o-ris-ti'no,  or  Oristagni,  o-ris-tiln'yee,  a 
I  of  the  island  of  Sardinia,  province  of  Cagliari,  on  the 
ristano,  3  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  59  miles  by  rail 
f.N.W.  of  Cagliari.  Pop.  6485.  It  is  situated  in  a  marshy 
lain,  is  enclosed  by  lofty  walls,  and  has  a  handsome  eathe- 
ral,  an  archbishop's  palace,  a  hospital,  and  a  Piarist  college. 
ts  port,  at  the  river's  mouth,  is  large  and  secure,  protected 
V  a  mole.  The  exports  comprise  large  quantities  of  corn, 
!so  salt,  salt  fish,  and  the  mucli-esteemed  wine  of  Vcr- 
accia.    See  Gulf  op  OnisTANO. 

Orival,  oVee'vil',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine-Tnf6- 
eure,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rouen.     Pop.  1768. 
Orivesi,  o-re-vi'see,  a  lake  of  Finland,  containing  sev- 
•al  large  islands. 

Orixa,  an  island  of  Seychelles  Archipelago.    See  Denis. 
Oriximina,  a  river  of  Brazil.    See  Trombetas. 
Orizaba,  o-re-zah'ba,  a  post-village   of  Tippah   co., 
iss.,  7  miles  S.  of  Ripley.     It  has  2  churches  and  3  stores. 


■  UU  I 


Orizaba,  o-re-sS,'E8,,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  and  70 
miles  by  rail  AV.S.W.  of  Vera  Cruz,  and  25  miles  S.  of  th« 
volcanic  peak  of  Orizaba  (elevation,  17,380  feet),  in  a  fertile 
and  richly-wooded  valley.  It  has  manufactures  of  cloths, 
cottons,  and  tobacco.     Pop.  20,000. 

Orjiba,  Orxiba,  on-nee'Ei,  Orjiva,  or  Orgiva, 
on-uee'vi,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  32  miles  S.E.  of 
Granada,  on  the  Guadalfeo.     Pop.  3632. 

Or-Kapi,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Perekop. 

Orkhci,  or'kI,  Orghiev,  or  Orgiev,  oR-ghe-Sv',  a 
town  of  Russia,  in  Bessarabia,  25  miles  N.  of  Kishenev. 
Pop.  5883. 

Orkhon,  or'Kon',  a  river  of  Mongolia,  joins  the  Selenga 
a  few  miles  S.W.  of  Kiakhta,  in  about  lat.  50°  N.  and  Ion. 
105°  30'  E.,  after  a  N.E.  course  of  nearly  380  miles. 

Ork'ney  and  ShetMand,  the  most  N.  county  of  Scot- 
land, comprising  the  islands  of  the  above  names.  Area, 
935  square  miles.  Chief  towns,  Kirkwall  and  Lerwick. 
It  sends  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.     P.  62,882. 

Orkney  Islands  (L.  Oreades,  or'ka-diz),  an  archi- 
pelago off  the  N.  coast  of  Scotland,  between  lat.  58°  47'  and 
59°  20'  N.  and  Ion.  2°  4'  and  3°  23'  W.,  separated  from 
the  CO.  of  Caithness  by  Pentland  Firth.  Aggregate  area, 
2448  square  miles.  There  are  73  islands  and  islets,  of 
which  about  30  are  inhabited:  the  principal  are  Pomona  or 
Mainland,  South  Ronaldshay,  Hoy,  Flota,  Graemsay,  Eday, 
Rousay,  Sanda,  Shapinshay,  Stronsa,  and  Westray.  Nearly 
all  the  larger  islands  are  of  exceedingly  irregular  form,  pre- 
senting rather  a  series  of  crooked  and  shapeless  peninsulas 
than  a  group  of  compact  insular  bodies.  Little  snow  falls 
in  winter,  but  the  summers  are  chill  and  moist.  Agricul- 
ture is  very  backward.  Oats,  barley,  potatoes,  and  turnips 
are  the  chief  crops.  A  small  breed  *f  cattle  is  reared,  and 
about  50,000  sheep  pasture  on  the  hills  and  common  moors. 
Rabbits  and  poultry  are  numerons.  Hunting  for  wild  birds 
and  eggs  and  fishing  partly  employ  the  population.  Many 
lobsters  are  shipped  to  the  London  market.  Plaiting  from 
rye  straw  and  some  distilling  are  the  principal  manufac- 
tures. These  islands  were  examined  by  Agricola  A.D.  84. 
In  the  Middle  Ages  they  belonged  to  Norway,  but  in  1463 
were  annexed  to  the  Scottish  crown  and  formed  an  earl- 
dom.    Chief  town,  Kirkwall.     Pop.  31,274. 

Ork'ney  Springs,  a  post-village  and  watering-place 
of  Shenandoah  co.,  Va.,  13  miles  W.  of  Mount  Jackson 
Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Orkub,  or-koob'  (?),  or  Prekop,  pri-kop',  a  town  of 
Europe,  in  the  principality  of  Servia,  on  the  Toplicza,  11 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Nissa. 

Orlamiinde,  on'li-miin'd?h,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Saxe-Altenburg,  on  the  Saale,  hero  joined  by  the  Orla,  43 
miles  S.W.  of  Cahla.     Pop.  1342. 

Or'land,  a  post-office  of  Colusa  co.,  Cal. 

Orland,  a  post-township  of  Cook  co.,  111.  Pop.  1130. 
Orland  Post-Office  is  about  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chicago. 

Orland,  a  post-village  in  Mill  Grove  township,  Steuben 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  Fawn  River,  about  48  miles  N.  of  Fort  Wayne, 
and  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Angola.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
literary  institute,  and  2  carriage-factories.     Pop.  about  600. 

Orland,  a  post-village  in  Orland  township,  Hancock 
CO.,  Me.,  near  the  E.  bank  of  the  Penobscot  River,  about 
20  miles  S.  of  Bangor,  and  20  miles  N.E.  of  Belfast.  It 
is  partly  supported  by  the  lumber-business.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  woollen-mill,  a  grist-mill,  &c.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1701. 

Orlan'do,  a  city  and  railroad  centre,  the  capital  of 
Orange  co.,  Fla.,  about  90  miles  S.  of  Palaika.  It  has  a 
eourt-house,  several  churches,  a  money-order  post-office, 
and  a  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers.  It  is  mainly  sup- 
ported by  the  cultivation  of  oranges.     Pop.  in  1890,  2856. 

Orlando,  Sherburne  co.,  Minn.     See  Big  Lake. 

Orlando,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co..  Neb.,  on  Oak 
Creek,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Lincoln.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Orlando,  a  post-village  of  Nelson  co.,  Va.,  2  miles  from 
Faber's  Mills.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a 
flour-mill. 

OrMean',  a  post-hamlet  of  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  10  miles 
N.AV.  of  AVarrenton,  and  about  56  miles  W.  by  S.  of 
Washington,  D.C.     It  has  2  ckurches. 

Orl^annois,  or  Orleannais,  onMi'ln^ni.',  an  old 
province  of  France,  had  for  its  capital  Orleans;  it  now  forms 
the  greater  part  of  the  departments  of  Lbiret,  Eure-et-Loir, 
and  Loir-et-Cher. 

Orleans,  or'le-anz,  not  or-leenz'  {Yr.OrUam,  0RMi'6N«' ; 
Sp.  Orleaiies,  0R-li-i-n5s' ;  It.  Orleana,  or-Ii.-d'n8,),  a  ci(y 
of  France,  capital  of  the  dep.artment  of  Loiret,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Loire,  75  miles  S.S.W.  of  Paris,  at  the  junction 
of  several  important  railways.     It  is  very  ancient,  and  has 


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n.iay  flno  aaoares,  but  is  in  general  ill  built.  The  ehief 
cdiSoes  are  tne  oathedr»l,  or  ohuroh  of  St.  Croix,  one  of  the 
finest  in  France,  the  town  hall,  and  the  hospital.  It  has  an 
acadimU  Nai*«r«i(air«,  a  national  college,  a  primary  nor- 
mal (ohool,  a  secondary  medical  school,  a  public  library, 
muMuma  of  natural  history,  a  botanic  garden,  and  a 
theatre.  Its  industrial  eatablishments  oomprisic  manufac- 
tures of  hosiery,  woollens,  oottons,  pottery-ware,  vinegar, 
and  saltpetre,  sugar-refineries,  breweries,  tanneries,  and 
nietal-foundrica,  and  it  has  an  extensive  commerce  in  wino, 
brandy,  wool,  grain,  oil,  and  cheese.  Orleans  was  built 
en  the  ruins  of  the  ancient  Genabiim,  afterwards  Anre'liani. 
Tuken  and  dcfitroycd  by  Ciesar,  it  took  the  name  of  Aure- 
lia'ni  OT  A»relin'niiin,\n  honor  of  the  emperor  Aurelian, 
br  whom ''it  was  embellished.  It  was  capital  of  the  first 
kingdom  of  Burgundy,  and  gave  the  title  of  duke  to  a 
member  of  the  French  royal  family.  In  1423  Orleans  was 
besieged  for  six  moliths  by  the  English,  and  delivered  by 
Jonn  of  Arc,  who  hence  was  called  ''the  Maid  of  Orleans." 
KIcven  councils  have  been  held  here.     Pop.  62,157. 

Orleans,  or'le-%ns,  a  parish  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Louis- 
iana, has  an  area  of  about  1S7  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  and  N.W.  by  Lake  Pontchartrain,  on  the  E.  by 
Lake  Borgne,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  Mississippi  River.  The 
surface  is  level,  and  partly  subject  to  inundation  by  high 
tide.  The  soil  in  the  vicinity  of  the  river  is  fertile.  Sugar- 
cane is  the  staple  product.  This  parish  is  intersected  by 
the  New  Orleans  <t  Southern  Railroad,  the  Louisville  & 
Kashville  Railroad,  and  other  railroads,  which  centre  at 
New  Orleans,  the  capital.  It  is  the  most  populous  parish 
in  the  state.     Pop.  in  1880,  216,090;  in  1890,  242,039. 

Orleans,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  New  York,  hns  an 
area  of  about  399  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  Lake  Ontario,  and  drained  by  Oak  Orchard  ond  other 
creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
M'heat,  Indian  com.  oats,  apples,  hay,  and  butter  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  has  valuable  quarries  of  Me- 
dina sandstone  (Silurian)  and  Niagara  limestone,  which  is 
a  good  building-stone.  It  is  traversed  from  E.  to  ^\.  by 
the  Erie  Canal,  the  New  York  Central  A  Hudson  River 
Railroad,  and  the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg  Rail- 
road, the  former  of  which  connects  with  Albion,  the  capi- 
tal.   Pop.  in  1870,  27,689;  in  1880,  30,128:  in  1890,  30,803. 

Orleans,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Vermont,  borders 
on  Canada.  Area,  about  728  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Barton,  Black,  Clyde,  and  Missisquoi  Rivers,  which 
afi°ord  much  water-power.  The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly, 
and  is  diversified  with  several  lakes,  the  largest  of  which  is 
Lake  Memphrcmagog,  about  30  miles  long.  The  surface  is 
extensively  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  beech,  elm, 
hickory,  oak,  and  sngar-maple  abound.  The  soil  is  fertile, 
and  adapted  to  pasturage.  Butter,  hay,  oats,  potatoes,  lum- 
ber, and  maple  sugar  are  the  staple  products.  Among  the 
minerals  which  abound  are  good  granite,  talcose  slate,  ser- 
pentine, novaculite,  and  iron  ore.  Asbestos,  dolomite,  and 
soapstone  are  also  found  here.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Boston  <fc  Maine  and  Canadian  Pacific  Railroads. 
Capital,  Iraaburg.  Pop.  in  1870,  21,035;  in  ISSO,  22,083: 
in  1890,  22,101. 

Orleans,  or  Orleans  Bar,  a  post-village  of  Hum- 
boldt CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  Klamath  River,  about  55  miles  N.E. 
of  Eureka,  and  210  miles  (direct)  N.N.W.  of  Sacramento. 
It  is  situated  in  a  rugged  mountainous  region,  in  which  gold 
is  found.     It  has  2  stores.     Pop.  of  Orleans  township,  173. 

Orleans,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co..  111.,  on  the 
Wabash  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Jacksonville. 

Orleans,  a  post-village  in  Orleans  township.  Orange 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  Rail- 
road, 56  miles  W.N.W.  of  New  Albany,  and  5  miles  S.  of 
Mitchell.  It  is  the  largest  village  in  the  county.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  seminary,  aind  2  flouring-mills.  Pop.  905;  of 
the  township,  1865. 

Orleans,  a  post-bamlet  of  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa,  about 
13  miles  W.  of  Bloomfield.     It  has  a  church. 

Orleans,  township,  Winneshiek  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  681. 

Orleans,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Chesapeake  A  Ohio  Canal,  near  the  Potomac  River,  about 
25  miles  E.  of  Cumberland. 

Orleans,  a  post-village  in  Orleans  township,  Barnstable 
eo.,  Mass.,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the  Old  Colony 
Railroad,  94  milae  S.E.  of  Boston.  It  has  3  churches  and 
a  high  school.     Pop.  of  township,  1373. 

Orleans,  or  Palmer,  a  post-village  in  Orleans  town- 
ship, Ionia  CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  A  Northern 
Railroad,  44  miles  N.W.  of  Lansing,  and  8  miles  N.W.  of 
Ionia.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1423. 


Orleans,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Lltt] 
Sao  River,  28  or  30  miles  N.W.  of  Springfield.  It  has 
flouring-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Orleans,  a  putt-village  of  Harlan  co..  Neb.,  on  tb 
Republican  River,  43  miles  S.S.W.  of  Kearney  Junetioi 
It  has  a  church,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  Ac.    Pop.  in  I8B0,  81: 

Orleans,  a  township  of  Jefl!'er8on  co.,  N.Y.,  on  tb 
river  St.  Lawrence.  Pop.  2307.  It  contains  La  Fargi 
ville,  Omar,  Stone  Mills,  and  other  villages,  and  several  o 
the  Thousand  Islands. 

Orleans,  a  post-village  in  Phelps  township,  Ontarl 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Flint  Creek,  and  on  the  Ontario  Southorn  Rai 
road,  11  miles  S.  of  Newark,  and  about  9  miles  N.W.  i 
Geneva.    It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  lumber-mil 

Orleans  Cross  Roads,  a  post-village  of  Morga 
00.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad  (at  Orleai 
Road   Station),    138   miles   W.   of   Baltimore.     It  hiu 
churches. 

Orleans  Four  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  in  Orleni 
township,  Jefl°er8on  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Utica  A  Black  Riv( 
Railroad,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Clayton.     It  has  a  church. 

Orleans,  Isle  of,  Quebec.    See  Isle  op  Orleans. 

Orlof,  or  Orlov,  or-lov',  a  town  of  Russia,  23  mil< 
W.S.W.  of  Viatka,  on  the  Viatka.     Pop.  3300. 

Orlof,  or  Orlov,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  an 
19  miles  E.N.E.  of  Voronezh,  on  the  Oosman. 

Orlof,  Orlov,  or  Orlow,  Russia.    See  Orel. 

Orlovka,  or  Orlowka,  oR-lov'k&,  a  town  of  Riisiii 
government  of  Chernigov,  32  miles  S.W.  of  Novgoroc 
Severskoie. 

Or'manville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wapello  oo.,  lowi 
about  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ottumwa.     It  has  a  church. 

Ormea,  on-m4'i,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Coni,  1 
miles  S.  of  Mondovi,  on  the  Tanaro.  Pop.  53U8.  It  is  ei 
closed  by  old  walls,  and  has  manufactures  of  linens. 

Orme's-IIead  (ormz-h£d).  Great,  a  pcninsnh 
headland  of  Wales,  co.  of  Carnarvon,  projecting  into  tb 
Irish  Sea,  5  miles  N.N.W.  of  Conway.  It  forms  the  \\ 
side  of  the  inlet  called  Orme's  Bay,  the  opposite  E.  poit 
being  Little  Orme's-Head.  On  each  of  these  headioni 
is  a  light-house. 

Orme's  Store,  Bledsoe  co.,  Tcnn.    Sec  Melvix. 

Or'miston,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Uaddingtoi 
on  the  Tj'ne,  25  miles  S.  of  Tranent. 

Or'mondsville,  a  post-oBice  of  Greene  co.,  N.C. 

Orm'sa  Island,  one  of  the  Hebrides,  Scotland,  N.  o 
Lunga,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  a  narrow  sound.  ] 
is  H  miles  in  circuit.   A  light-house  stands  on  its  W.  ooos 

Ormsby,  ormz'b^,  a  county  in  the  \V.  part  of  Neradi 
^ordering  on  California,  has  an  area  of  144  square  mile 
[t  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Lake  Tahoe,  and  intersected  b 
Carson  River,  which  here  runs  N.E.  and  enters  Carto 
Lake,  in  Churchill  co.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  an 
partly  covered  with  forests  of  pine.  Gold,  silver,  and  lun 
ber  are  the  chief  articles  of  export.  Granite  and  quart 
are  abundant  here.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Virginia 
Truckee  Railroad,  which  connects  with  Carson  City,  tb 
capital  of  this  county  and  also  of  the  state.  Pop.  in  187 
3668;  in  1880,  5412;  in  1890,  4883. 

Ormsby,  a  post-borough  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  Is  c 
the  left  bank  of  the  Monongahela  River,  2i  miles  froi 
Pittsburg  Post-Office.  It  is  a  suburb  of  Pittsburg,  and 
one  of  those  which  are  called  South  Side  boroughs.  It  hi 
2  churches.  Here  are  several  breweries  and  manufactorii 
of  glass  and  iron.  The  American  Iron-Works  of  this  plat 
employ  nearly  4000  men.  Pop.  2225.  Ormsby  Station  o 
the  Pittsburg,  Virginia  A  Charleston  Railroad  is  31  mil^ 
from  the  initial  station  in  Pittsburg.  _       j 

Ormsby's,  a  station  of  the  Louisville  A  Cincinnaj 
Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of  Louisville,  Ky.  \ 

Orms'kirk,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  at 
railway  junction,  13  miles  N.N.E.  of  Liverpool.  It  is  we 
built,  and  has  a  town  hall,  a  large  church,  a  grammar-schoo 
almshouses,  and  manufactures  of  cottons,  silks,  and  hati 
In  its  vicinity  are  large  collieries.     Pop.  (1891)  6298.        ! 

Orms'town,  or  Dur'ham,  or  Saint  Malachi 
d'Ormstown,  e4s»  mi'lA'kee'  dorms'town,  a  post-villa^ 
in  Chateauguay  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Chateauguay  River,  i 
miles  from  Caugbnawaga.  It  contains  6  stores,  2  hotels, 
churches,  2  saw-mills,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  500. 

Or'mns,  or  Or'muz  (Persian,  Hormooz,  or  Homu 
hor'mooz' ;  anc.  Oxyrit  f  or  Organa  f),  an  island  in  tt 
Persian  Gulf,  on  its  N.  side,  near  its  entrance,  45  miles  di 
N.  of  Cape  Mussendom,  Arabia.  Lat.  27°  5'  N. ;  Ion.  o'l 
29'  E.  It  is  a  mere  barren  rock,  about  12  miles  in  circun 
ference,  but  important  as  having  been  formerly  one  of  tl 
richest  commercial  emporiums  in  the  East.     It  has  an  e; 


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traordinary  appearance  from  the  sea,  its  mountains  being 
of  variegated  colors  from  extensive  impregnations  of  salt, 
suIphur,''iron,  and  copper,  which  first-named  mineral  yields 
^  considerablo  revenue.  On  its  N.  side  is  a  decayed  town, 
with  a  good  harbor  and  a  garrisoned  fort.  Ormus  was  cap- 
tured in  1507  by  the  Portuguese  under  Albuquerque,  but 
taken  from  them  by  the  British  and  Persians  in  1622,  when 
its  trade  as  a  depot  for  the  produce  of  India,  China,  <tc., 
was  transferred  to  Gombroon,  The  Gulf  op  Obmus  is  a  term 
sometimes  applied  to  the  S.E.  portion  of  the  Persian  Gulf, 
and  the  Straits  of  Ormus  connect  the  Persian  Gulf  with 
the  Arabian  Sea.     Length,  150  miles;  breadth,  30  miles. 

Ornain,  oR^niN"',  a  river  of  France,  rises  near  Neu- 
ville,  in  Haute-Marne,  flows  N.W.,  and  joins  the  Saulx  on 
its  right  bank.     Length,  65  miles. 

Oriians,  OR^nftN"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Doubs,  10  miles 
S.E.  of  Besanjon,  on  the  Loufi.  Pop.  3033.  It  has  vine- 
yards, tanneries,  machine-shops,  flour-mills,  &o. 

Ornavasso,  OR-ni-vis'so,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Novara,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Domo  d'Ossola.     Pop.  1582. 

Orne^  oru,  a  department  of  France,  in  the  N.W.,  formed 
of  part  of  Normandy.  Area,  2329  square  miles.  Pop.  in 
1891,  354,387.  The  surface  presents  along  the  river- 
courses  rich  pasture-land,  but  a  considerable  part  of  it  is 
sandy  and  sterile.  Chief  rivers,  the  Orne,  Touques,  Rille, 
Eure,  Sarthe,  and  Maycnne.  The  principal  minerals  are 
iron,  black  lead,  and  granite.  Uemp,  apples,  and  pears  are 
abundant.  Horses,  among  the  best  in  France,  are  reared 
in  the  department,  and  cattle  are  extensively  fattened  for 
the  Paris  markets.  Fowls  and  eggs  are  important  objects 
of  commerce.  Its  manufactures  comprise  pins,  needles, 
linens,  cotton,  and  lace.  The  department  is  divided  into 
the  arrondissements  of  Alen^on,  Argentan,  Domfront,  and 
Mortagne.     Capital,  Alengon. 

Orne  (ano.  Olina?)  Kivcr,  of  France,  rises  near  Seez, 
in  Orne,  flows  past  Argentan,  Ecouch6,  and  Caen,  and  enters 
~    English  Channel.     Length,  86  miles. 

rnevillej  om'vll,  a  post-ofl5ce  in  Orneville  township, 
taquis  co.,  Me.,  1^  miles  S.W.  of  Orneville  Station  of 
Bangor  &  Piscataquis  Railroad,  which  is  18  miles  E.  of 
Dover.    It  has  a  manufactory  of  rules.     Pop.  575. 

O'ro,  a  town  of  Chili,  province  of  Coquimbo.    P.  2087. 

O'ro,  a  township  of  Butte  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  281. 

Oroatis,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Tab. 

Oro  City,  a  post-village  of  Lake  co.,  Col.,  near  the 
source  of  the  Arkansas  River,  about  16  miles  W.  of  Fair 
Play,  and  12  miles  E.  of  Massive  Mountain^  Snowy  Range. 
Gold  is  mined  here. 

Orodelfan',  a  post-office  of  Boulder  co..  Col. 

O'rodell',  a  village  of  Union  co.,  Oregon,  90  miles  S.E. 
of  Umatilla.     It  has  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  Ac. 

O'ro  Fino,  fee'no  {i.e.,  "fine  gold"),  a  post-village  of 
Siskiyou  co.,  Cal.,  about  25  miles  S.W.  of  Yreka. 

Oro  Fino  River,  Idaho,  runs  westward  in  Shoshone 
;  eo,  and  enters  the  South  Fork  of  Clearwater  River  about 
\  25  miles  W.  of  Pierce  City.    It  is  nearly  80  miles  long. 
Gold  is  found  near  it. 

Orolannum,  the  ancient  name  of  Arlox. 

Oromoc'to,  a  post-village  of  New  Brunswick,  capital 

of  Sunbury  co.,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  St.  John,  at  the 

I  entrance  of  the  Oromocto  River,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Frederic- 

'  ton.    It  contains  several  stores  and  ship-yards.     Pop.  400. 

Oromocto,  North  Branch.    See  Tracby  Station, 

Oromocto,  South  Branch.    See  Bli8.svillb. 

O'rono,  a  township  of  Muscatine  co.,  Iowa.   Pop,  501. 

Orono,  a  post-village  in  Orono  township,  Penobscot 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  W,  bank  of  the  Penobscot  River,  and  on 
}  the  European  &  North  American  Railroad,  8  miles  N.E.  of 
j  Bangor.  It  is  partly  supported  by  the  lumber-business. 
I U  contains  a  national  bank,  a  high  school,  4  churches,  a 
I  «avings-bank,  and  the  State  College  of  Agriculture  and  the 

•  Mechanic  Arts,  which  was  organized  in  1865.  It  has  man- 
ufactures of  axes,  barrels,  matches,  and  lumber.  Pop.  of 
the  township  in  1890,  2790. 

Orono,  a  post-office  of  Osceola  co.,  Mich. 
Orono,  a  village  in   Elk  River  township,  Sherburne 
CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  left  or  N.  bank  of  the  Mississippi  River, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Elk  River,  and  on  the  St.  Paul  A  Pa- 
cific Railroad,  39  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Paul. 

O'rono,  a  post-village  in  Durham  co.,  Ontario,  on 
!  Orono  Creek,  4i  miles  from  Newcastle.  It  has  several 
f  churches  and  hotels,  about  12  stores,  and  manufactories  of 

•  iron  castings,  stoves,  woollens,  wooden-ware,  leather,  plas- 
ter, potash,  boots  and  shoes,  wagons,  Ac.     Pop.  1000. 

O^rono'co,  a  post-village  in  Oronoco  township,  Olm- 
sted CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  Zumbro,  or  Middle  Fork  of  the 
Zumbro  River,  11  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Rochester,  and  about 


30  miles  S.  of  Red  Wing.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  largo  fiouring-uill,  and  several  other  business 
concerns.     Pop.  of  the  township,  789. 

Oronoco,  a  post-office  of  Amherst  co.,  Va, 

Oro'nogo,  formerly  Mi'nersville,  a  post-village  of 
Jasper  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri  <fe  Western  Railroad,  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Carthage.  It  has  2  churches,  also  rich  mines 
of  lead  and  zinc,  and  smelting-furnaces. 

Orono'ko,  a  township  of  Berrien  co.,  Mich.     P.  1625. 

O'ronsay,  a  small  island  of  the  Hebrides,  immediately 
S.  of  the  island  of  Colonsay. 

Orontes,  o-ron'tez  (called  by  the  Arabs  El  Aasy,  61 
i'see,  "  the  rebellious"),  a  river  of  North  Syria,  vilaj-ets 
of  Damascus  and  Aleppo,  rises  in  Anti-Libanus,  flows  N. 
through  Lake  Iloms  and  to  near  Antakia  (Antioch),  whero 
it  suddenly  turns  W.S.W.,  and  soon  enters  the  Mediter- 
ranean, 40  miles  N.  of  Latakcea  (Latakieh),  after  an  in- 
navigable course  of  240  miles. 

Oropesa,  a  city  of  South  America.    See  Cochabamba.. 

Oropo,  o-ro'po  (ano.  Oro'pui),  a  village  of  Greece,  in 
Boeotia,  on  the  Asopo,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Euripus,  24 
miles  E.  of  Thebes,  with  remains  of  ancient  fortifications. 
Pop.  2098. 

Orosei,  o-ro-si'e,  a  village  of  Sardinia,  18  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Nuoro,  near  the  mouth  of  the  river  Orosei.     Pop.  1813, 

Orosenga,  o-ro-s£ng'g&,  or  Oloosinga,  o-loo-sing'. 
gS.,  one  of  the  Friendly  Islands,  South  Pacific,  belonging  to 
the  Samoa  group,  lat.  14°  14'  S.,  Ion.  169°  34'  W.,  about 
3  miles  long. 

Oroshaza,  o*rosh'hi'z5h*,  a  large  village  of  Hungary, 
CO.  and  27  miles  S.W.  of  Bekes.     Pop.  14,554. 

Orotava,  or  San  Juan  Orotava,  s&n  Hoo-&n'  o-ro> 
tl'vi,  a  town  of  the  Canaries,  island  (and  near  the  N.E.  foot 
of  the  peak)  of  Tenerifle,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Puerto  de  Oro- 
tava. Near  the  town  are  8  convents.  Orotava  stands  in 
a  beautiful  valley  of  the  same  name,  and  is  a  favorite  re- 
sort for  invalids  afilicted  with  pulmonary  diseases.   P.  8000. 

Orotelli,  o-ro-tdl'lee,  or  Ortelli,  on-t£riee,  a  village 
of  the  island  of  Sardinia,  on  the  Tirsi.     Pop.  1646. 

Oro'ville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Butte  co.,  Cal.,  It 
in  Ophir  township,  on  the  Feather  River,  3  miles  from 
Table  Mountain,  and  28  miles  N.  of  Marysville,  with  which 
it  is  connected  by  a  railroad.  It  contains  a  newspaper 
office,  1  or  2  banking-offices,  and  2  churches.  Gold  is  mined 
near  this  place.     Pop,  in  1890,  1787, 

Oroya,  o-ro'yi,  a  town  of  Peru,  department  of  Jnnin, 
136  miles  by  rail  E.  by  N.  of  Lima.  It  is  12,178  feet  above 
sea-level,  and  its  railway  tunnels  the  Andes  at  the  height 
of  15,645  feet. 

Orphano,  oR'f4-no,  a  village  of  European  Turkey, 
Macedonia,  on  the  Gulf  of  Orphano,  50  miles  E.  of  Salo- 
nica,    Lat.  46°  49'  N. ;  Ion.  23°  55'  E.    See  Gulf  or  Ob. 

PHAXO. 

Or'phan's  Island,  at  the  entrance  to  Penobscot 
River,  opposite  the  town  of  Bucksport,  Penobscot  co.,  Me. 
It  is  4  miles  long,  and  contains  about  5000  acres. 

Orp-le-Grand,  0Rp-l5h-gr6N»,  a  village  of  Belgium, 
in  Brabant,  29  miles  E.S.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1089. 

Orr,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Minn. 

Or'rell,  a  township  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  with 
a  station  on  the  Lancashire  A  Yorkshire  Railway,  2i  miles 
W.  of  AVigan.     Pop.  2371. 

Or'rery  and  Hilmore',  abarony  of  Ireland,  Munster, 
CO.  of  Cork,  in  its  N.  part.  Pop.  15,884.  It  gives  the  title 
of  earl  to  the  Boyle  family.  Earls  of  Cork. 

Or'rick,  a  post-village  in  Camden  township,  Ray  co., 
Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  A  Northern  Railroad, 
about  4  miles  from  the  Missouri  River,  and  30  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Kansas  City,  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw- 
mill. 

Or'rington,  a  post- village  in  Orrington  township,  Pen- 
obscot CO.,  Me,,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Penobscot  River, 
and  on  the  Bucksport  A  Bangor  Railroad,  6  miles  below 
Bangor.  It  has  an  active  trade  in  lumber,  Ac,  The  town- 
ship contains  South  Orrington  village  and  a  pop,  of  1768, 

Orrock,  post-township,  Sherburne  co.,  Minn.   Pop.  219. 

Orroli,  or'ro-Ic,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sardinia, 
province  and  N.N.E.  of  Cagliari,     Pop.  1891. 

Orr's  Island,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co.,  Me,,  on 
a  small  isle  in  Casco  Bay,  about  18  miles  N.E.  of  Portland. 
A  bridge  connects  the  island  with  Harpswell. 

Orrs'town,  a  post- village  of  Franklin  co,.  Pa,,  on  Con- 
edogwinit  Creek,  10  miles  N,N.E.  of  Chambersburg,  and 
5  miles  W.  of  Shippensburg.   It  has  4  churches.    Pop.  305. 

Orrs'ville,  a  village  of  Gwinnett  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Chatta* 
hoochee  River,  about  34  miles  N.N.E.  of  Atlanta. 

Orrsvillej  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.    See  Mahonixq. 


2078 


OSA 


OrrMlle*  »  poat-village  of  Dallas  oo.,  Ala.,  1  mile  from 
Orrvill«  Station  of  the  New  Orleans  k  Selma  Uailroad,  and 
about  00  miles  W.  of  Montgomery.  It  bus  a  oburob,  an 
academy,  and  a  earriaxe-shop. 

Orrville,  a  post-offloeof  St.  Louis  oo.,  Mo. 

Orrville,  a  poet-village  in  Baughman  and  Green  town- 
■hips,  Wayne  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  4  Chi- 
cago Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Cleveland,  Mount  Ver- 
non A  Columbus  Railroad,  14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Mnssillon, 
S4  miles  S.  of  Cleveland,  and  II  miles  E.N.E.  of  Woostor. 
It  has  a  bunk,  4  cliurohcs,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  high 
school,  and  manufactures  of  organs,  furniture,  ploughs,  and 
threshing-machines.     Pop.  in  1S80,  \iA\  ;  in  1800,  1765. 

Orsa,  or's&,  a  village  and  parish  of  Sweden,  laen  and  52 
miles  N.W.  of  Falun,  on  Lake  Orsa. 

Orsara,  oR-8&'r&,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Avellino, 
D  miles  N.W.  of  Bovino.     Pop.  6117. 

Orschcl,  or  Nleder  Orschel,  neo'd^r  oRsh'^l,  a  vil- 
lage of  Prussia,  province  of  Sa.xony.     Pop.  2047. 

Orsha,  or  Orcha,  or'shi,  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment and  44  miles  N.  of  Moheelor,  on  the  Dnieper,  here 
joined  by  the  Orzhitza.     Pop.  5324. 

Orsk)  OKsk,  a  town  of  Asiiatio  Russia,  government  and 
155  miles  E.S.E.  of  Orenboorg,  on  the  river  Ural.  Pop. 
53S4.  It  is  a  custom-house  station  for  caravans  entering 
European  Russia.    Jasper  is  abundant  in  its  vicinity. 

Orsova,  Neu-Orsova,  noi-oR'8o'voh%  or  Adus- 
kelia,  &-doos-kii'le-&,  a  frontier  town  of  Servia,  on  an 
island  in  the  Danube,  4  miles  above  the  "  Iron  Gate,"  and 
S6  miles  E.  of  Moldova.  It  is  a  station  for  steam-packets. 
Pop.  3200.    See  Alt  Orsova. 

Orsoy,  oR'soi,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  21  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Dusseldorf,  on  the  Rhine.     Pon.  1704. 

Ort,  oRt,  a  town  of  Austria,  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Vienna, 
on  the  Danube.     Pop.  1400. 

Orta,  oR'tl,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  13  miles 
B.E.  of  Foggia.     Pop.  4670. 

Orta,  a  town  of  Italy,  25  miles  N.N.W.  of  Norara, 
above  the  W.  shore  of  the  Lake  of  Orta.     Pop.  1089. 

Orta,  Lake  ot^  Italy.    See  Lake  of  Orta. 

Orte,  oR'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  15  miles  E.  of  Viterbo,  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  Tiber.     Pop.  36S6. 

Ortcler,  a  mountain  of  the  Tyrol.     See  Ortleb. 

Ortelli,  a  village  of  Sardinia.    See  Orotelli. 

Or'telsburg  (Ger.  pron.  on't^ls-bSouc'),  a  town  of 
East  Prussia,  82  miles  S.S.E.  of  Konigsberg,  beside  a  lake. 
Pop.,  with  commune,  4361. 

Ortcnberg,  0R't?n-bfiRG\  a  town  of  Hesse,  on  the  Nid- 
der,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Friinkfort.     Pop.  1003. 

Ortenberg,  a  village  of  Baden,  circle  of  Middle 
Rhine,  on  the  Kinzig.     Pop,  1327. 

Ortenburg,  0R't9n-bduRa^,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  10  miles 
W.  of  Passau.     Pop.  1120. 

Orth,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ind.,  31  miles 
N.  of  New  Ross  Station,  and  about  30  miles  S.  by  E.  of  La- 
fayette.    It  has  2  churches. 

Orthez,  or  Orthes,  onHi',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Basses-Pyrlnces,  on  the  Gave  de  Pau,  24  miles  N.W.  of 
Pau.  Pop.  4727.  It  has  a  marble-quarry,  and  manufac- 
tures of  woollen  stuffs,  paper,  oil,  copper  wares,  and  leather, 
with  a  brisk  trade  in  hams,  goose  feathers,  and  cattle. 

Ortigalito,  or-te-g4-lee'to,  a  post-hamlet  of  Merced 
CO.,  Cal.,  59  miles  S.E.  of  Gilroy.     It  has  a  church. 

Or'ting,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Pierce  co.,  Wash- 
ington, on  the  North  Pacific  Railroad,  18  miles  S.  of  Ta- 
coma.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lime-kiln. 

Ortiz,  or-tees',  a  town  of  Venezuela,  state  of  Guarioo, 
60  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Calabozo.     Pop.  8042. 

Ortler,  ont'l^r,  Orteler,  0R't§h-l§r,  or  Ortler- 
Spitze,  ORt'l^r-spit^s^h,  the  loftiest  mountain  of  the 
Tyrol  and  of  the  Austrian  Empire,  is  situated  in  the 
Hhsctian  Alps,  about  10  miles  S.  of  Glurns.  Elevation, 
12,852  feet. 

Or'ton,  or  O'verton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  West- 
morel.and,  8i  miles  S.S.W.  of  Appleby.     Pop.  1665. 

Or'ton,  a  post-office  of  Seward  co.,  Neb.,  on  the  Middle 
Fork  of  Big  Blue  River,  about  38  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lincoln. 

Ortona,  oR-to'n4,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Chieti,  8 
miles  N.  of  Lanciano,  on  the  Adriatic.  Pop.  7126.  It  has 
a  cathedral,  and  a  considerable  trade  in  wine. 

Ortonovo,  on-to-no'vo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Genoa,  14  miles  from  Levanto.     Pop.  2405. 

'  Or'tonville,  a  post-village  in  Brandon  township,  Oak- 
land CO.,  Mich.,  about  20  miles  N.  of  Pontiac.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  furnace,  a  flour-mill,  a  wagon-shop,  and  3 
stores.     Pop.  about  300. 

Ortonville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Big  Stone  oo., 


Minn.,  is  nt  the  S.E.  end  of  Big  Stone  Lake,  on  the  Hait. 
ings  A  Dakota  Railroad,  Ab  miles  N.W.  of  Montevideo.  It 
is  surrounded  by  fertile  prairies.    Pop.  in  ISDO,  Tfis. 

Ortrand,  oRt'rint,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony  76 
miles  K.  of  Morscburg.     Poj).  1471. 

Oruba,  un  island  of  the  West  Indies.    See  Aruda. 

Oruiie,  o-roo'nd,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sardinia. 
N.N.E.  of  Nuoro.     Pop.  2192. 

Oruro,  o-roo'ro,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  100  miles  N.W.  of 
Sucre,  with  many  churches  and  convents.  Pop.  7980. 
The  department  of  Oruro,  bordering  on  Peru,  is  chiefly  in 
pasturage,  on  which  large  numbers  of  cattle  arc  reared 
and  its  mineral  wealth  is  great.  ' 

Orust,  o'roost,  an  island  of  Sweden,  stift  and  28  milei 
N.W.  of  Gottenburg,  in  the  Cattegat.  Length,  14  miles  • 
breadth,  10  miles.  ' 

OrvietO,  on-ve-i'to  (anc.  Vrhi  Ve'tut,  or  Ilerhn'mm), 
a  city  of  Italy,  in  Umbria,  at  the  junction  of  the  Paglia 
and  Chiana,  affluents  of  the  Tiber,  79  miles  by  rail  N.N.W. 
of  Rome.  Pop.  14,455.  It  stands  on  a  scarped  rock,  nnd 
hna  a  fine  cathedral,  rich  in  works  of  art,  archbishop's  and 
papal  residences,  and  Etruscan  remains. 

Orvigo,  oR-vee'go,  or  Orbigo,  or-nce'go,  a  river  of 
Spain,  rises  in  the  N.  of  Leon,  flows  S.,  and  joins  the  right 
bank  of  the  Esla.     Total  course,  80  miles. 

Or'vil,  a  township  of  Logan  co..  III.     Pop.  1196. 

Or'ville,  a  post-office  of  Pope  co..  III. 

Orville,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co..  Neb. 

Orville,  a  village  in  De  Witt  township,  Onondaga  oo., 
N.Y.,  near  the  Erie  Canal,  3  miles  N.  of  Jamcsville,  and  6 
miles  E.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  a  church,  a  cheese-fnctory,  a 
tannery,  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  157.  Hero  is  De  Witt 
Post-0  ffice. 

Orville,  Wayne  co.,  0.    See  Orrville. 

Or'weli,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Suffolk,  rises  near 
Stowmarket,  flows  generally  southeastward,  and  joins  the 
Stour  at  Harwich.  Above  Ipswich  it  is  generally  called 
the  Gipping.  '■ 

Orwell,  a  post-village  in  Orwell  township,  Oswego  eo., 
N.Y.,  7  miles  E.  of  Pulaski,  and  about  38  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Syracuse.  It  has  a  graded  school,  a  church,  a  grist-mill, 
Ac.  The  township  has  manufactures  of  leather,  lumber, 
and  sash  and  blinds,  and  a  pop.  of  145r. 

Orwell,  a  post-village  in  Orwell  township,  Ashtabula 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Ashtabula  A  Pittsburg  Railroad,  21  miles  N. 
of  Warren,  and  about  46  miles  E.  of  Cleveland.  It  con- 
tains a  normal  institute  and  2  churches.  The  township  is 
drained  by  Grand  River,  and  has  manufncturcs  of  cheese, 
carriages,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  936. 

Orwell,  a  post-hamlet  in  Orwell  township,  Bradford 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  12  miles  N.E.  of  Towanda.  The  township 
has  a  pnblic  library  and  5  churches,  and  a  pop.  of  1296. 

Orwell,  a  post-village  in  Orwell  township,  Addison 
CO.,  Vt..,  on  the  Addison  Railroad,  about  24  miles  N.W,  of 
Rutland,  and  4  miles  E.  of  Lake  Charaplain,  which  forms 
the  AV.  boundary  of  the  township.  It  contains  2  churches, 
a  town  hall,  a  national  bank,  a  high  school,  and  about  40 
dwellings.  Butter  and  cheese  are  the  staple  products  of 
Orwell.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  IS90,  1265. 

Or'weli,  or  Tem'peranceville,  a  post-village  ia 
Elgin  CO.,  Ontario,  2i  miles  from  Aylmer.  It  has  a  match* 
factory,  a  foundry,  saw-  nnd  grist-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  220. 

Orwell  Cove,  a  village  in  Queens  eo..  Prince  Edward 
Island,  18  miles  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  100. 

Or'wigsburg,  a  post-borough  in  West  Brunswick  town- 
ship, Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  about  8  miles  E.  by  S.  of  PotU- 
ville,  and  2  miles  N.  of  the  Philadelphia  A  Reading  Rail- 
road. It  contains  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  2  cigar- 
factories,  2  shoe-factories,  and  a  coach -factory.     Pop.  728. 

Or'win,  a  post-office  of  Schuylkill  oo.,  Pa.,  about  34 
miles  N.E.  of  Harrisburg. 

Orxiba,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Orjiba. 

Orzhitza,  or  Oijitza,  on-zhit'zi,  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  86  miles  W.N.W.  of  Poltava. 

Orzi-Novi,  ond'ze-no'vee,  or  Orcinovi,  on'ehe-no'- 
vee,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  province  and  18  milei 
S.  W.  of  Brescia,  near  the  Oglio.  It  has  a  court  of  justice, 
several  public  offices,  2  churches,  a  school,  and  numeroui 
mills.     Pop.  5386. 

Orzi-Vecchi,  ond'zee-vSk'kee,  a  village  of  Italy,  In 
the  province  of  Brescia,  about  3  miles  N.E.  of  Orzi-Novl. 
It  has  a  church,  sanctuary,  and  oratory,  and  the  remains  of 
an  old  fortress. 

Os,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.    Sec  Oss. 

Osacca,  a  city  of  Japan.     See  Osaka. 

Osa'ga,  a  railroad  station  in  Bourbon  co.,  Kansas,  at 
the  village  of  Fulton. 


OSA 


-nm 


OSB 


Osage,  o'saj'  or  o'saj  (Fr.  pron.  o'zizh'),  a  county  in 
tho  E.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an  area  of  720  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  tho  Osage  or  Marais  des  Cygnes,  and 
also  drained  by  Dragoon  and  Salt  Creeks.  The  surface  is 
undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  woodlands. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Ninety  per  cent,  of  the  county  is  said 
to  bo  prairie.  Indian  corn,  hay,  cattle,  wheat,  and  oats  are 
the  staple  products.  Extensive  mines  of  bituminous  coal 
have  been  opened  in  this  county,  and  limestone  abounds  in 
it.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6 
Railroad,  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  and  the  Kansas 
City,  AVyandotte  &  Northwestern  Railroad.  Capital,  Lyn- 
don.   Pop.  in  1870,  7648;  in  1880,  19,642,-  in  1890,  25,062. 

Osage,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Missouri,  has 
an  area  of  about  586  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.  by  the  Missouri  River,  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Osage  River, 
and  is  intersected  by  the  Gasconade.  The  surface  is  hilly 
or  uneven.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
oats,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Silurian 
limestone  is  found  here.  This  county  is  traversed  near  its 
N.  border  by  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Linn. 
Pop.  in  1870,  10,793;  in  1880,  11,824;  in  1890,  13,080. 

Osage,  Carroll  co..  Ark.    See  Fairview. 

Osage,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  IlL,  about  10 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Duquoin. 

Osage,  a  township  of  La  Salle  co..  111.     Pop.  1176. 

Osage,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Mitchell  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Osage  township,  on  the  Cedar  Falls  <fc  Minnesota  Branch 
of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  17  miles  N.N.W.  of  Charles 
City,  and  1  mile  E.  of  the  Red  Cedar  River.  It  has  2  news- 
paper offices,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  4  churches,  an 
academy,  2  flour-mills,  a  brewery,  a  foundry,  and  manufac- 
tures of  mowers,  reapers,  and  wagons.  Pop.  in  1890,  1913; 
of  the  township,  2315. 

Osage,  a  township  forming  the  N.E.  extremity  of 
Allen  CO.,  Kansas.     Pop.  627. 

Osage,  a  township  of  Bourbon  oo.,  Kansas.  Pop.  1036. 
It  contains  Barnesville  and  Glendale. 

Osage,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  1149. 

Osage,  a  township  of  Labette  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  902. 
It  contains  Morehead  and  Timber  Hill. 

Osage,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  1022. 
It  contains  Fontana. 

Osage,  a  township  of  Bates  co..  Mo.     Pop.  500. 

Osage,  a  township  of  Camdenoo.,  Mo.  Pop.  1426.  It 
contains  Linn  Creek. 

Osage,  a  township  of  Cole  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  604. 

Osage,  a  post-hamlet  in  Osage  township,  Crawford  co., 
Mo.,  near  a  branch  of  the  Marameo  River,  about  20  miles 
'■j?.  of  Potosi.  It  has  a  church  and  a  lead-furnace.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  784. 

Osage,  a  township  of  Dent  co..  Mo.     Pop.  283. 

Osage,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  828,  It 
contains  Brownington. 

Osage,  a  township  of  Laclede  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1257. 

Osage,  a  township  of  Miller  co..  Mo.     Pop.  965. 

Osage,  a  township  of  Morgan  co..  Mo.     Pop.  787. 

Osage,  a  township  of  Vernon  oo..  Mo.     Pop.  1538. 

Osage,  a  post-hamlet  of  Otoo  co..  Neb.,  8  miles  S.  of 
Syracuse  Railroad  Station. 

Osage,  a  post-office  of  Coryell  co.,  Tex. 

Osage  Agency.    See  Pawhuska. 

Osage  Av'enue,  a  post-office  of  Pueblo  co..  Col. 

Osage  Blutf,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cole  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Osago  River,  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Jofi"erson  City. 
^  Osage  City,  a  post-town  of  Osage  co.,  Kansas,  on  Salt 
Creek,  and  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad,  35 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Topeka,  and  26  miles  N.E.  of  Emporia. 
Ct  contains  a  savings-bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  6 
lihurches,  and  has  manufactories  of  pottery  and  bricks, 
ibout  400  men  are  employed  here  in  mining  coal,  which  is 
ound  near  the  surface.     Pop.  in  1890,  3469. 

Osage  City,  a  post- village  of  Coles  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
^lissouri  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Osage,  and  on  the 
ilissouri  Pacific  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Jefferson  City. 

Osage  Creek,  Arkansas,  runs  northwestward  in  Car- 
ol! CO.,  and  enters  King's  River. 

^  Osage  Fork  of  Gasconade  River,  Missouri,  rises  in 
'e.xas  CO.,  and  unites  with  the  main  stream  in  the  N.E. 
lart  of  Laclede  co. 

Osage  Fork  of  Marameo  River.    See  Maramec. 

Osage  Iron-Works,  a  post-hamlet  of  Camden  co., 
fo.,  35  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lebanon.  It  has  a  church  and 
n  iron-furnace. 

Osage  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Benton  oo..  Ark.,  about 

0  miles  N.  of  Fayetteville.     Here  is  a  flouring-mill. 

Osage  Mission,  mlsh'un,  a  post-village  in  Mission 


township,  Neosho  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Neosho  River,  and  on 
the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  by  E. 
of  Parsons,  and  34  miles  S.AV.  of  Fort  Scott.  It  has  1  or  2 
newspaper  offices,  a  savings-bank,  3  churches,  2  flouring- 
mills,  2  plough-factories,  the  St.  Ann's  Academy  for  girlf>, 
the  St.  Francis  Institute  for  boys,  and  a  graded  school  with 
a  brick  building  which  cost  $20,000.     Pop.  in  1890,  1097. 

Osage  River  rises  in  Wabaunsee  co.,  Kansas,  and  runs 
eastward  through  the  cos.  of  Osage  and  Franklin,  and 
southeastward  through  Miami  and  Linn.  It  passes  next 
into  Bates  co.  of  Missouri,  in  which  state  its  general  di- 
rection is  nearly  eastward.  It  intersects  tho  cos.  of  St. 
Clair,  Benton,  Camden,  and  Miller,  and  enters  the  Missouri 
River  about  9  miles  below  Jefferson  City.  Its  length  is  es- 
timated at  500  miles,  the  greater  part  of  which  is  in  Mis- 
souri. The  portion  of  it  which  traverses  Kansas  and  West- 
ern Missouri  is  sometimes  called  Marais  dea  Cyjnee.  Small 
vessels  can  ascend  it  in  high  water  nearly  200  miles. 

Osaka,  or  Ozaka,  o'z&-k&,  also  called  Naniwa,  ni- 
ne'wi,  a  city  of  Japan,  on  the  island  of  Hondo,  and  on  the  sea, 
37  miles  S.W.  of  Kioto,  to  which,  as  well  as  to  lliogo  and 
KobI,  railways  extend.  It  has  a  large  foreign  trade,  both 
direct  and  by  way  of  Hiogo.  It  ships  large  amounts  of  tea, 
silk,  silk-worms'  eggs,  and  copper.  It  has  a  steam  paper- 
mill,  arsenals,  machine-shops,  a  great  castle,  a  city  hall,  a 
mint,  college  and  academy,  and  streets  well  paved  (in 
part)  or  in  some  places  traversed  by  canals,  over  which  are 
more  than  1100  bridges,  some  of  them  of  iron.  The  city 
abounds  in  theatres  and  places  of  amusement,  has  over  1900 
places  of  worship,  and  is  a  great  centre  for  all  kinds  of  na- 
tive manufactures.  It  has  5  newspapers,  and  in  the  town 
and  suburbs  there  are  hundreds  of  schools.  In  point  of 
size  it  is  the  third  or  fourth  of  Japanese  cities ;  but  in  so- 
cial afifairs  and  in  fashion,  as  well  as  in  commerce  and  in- 
dustry, it  takes  the  first  rank.  Pop.,  by  census  returns  of 
1884,  353,970;  in  1890,  476,271. 

Osa'kis,  a  post-village  in  Osakis  township,  Douglas 
CO.,  Minn.,  on  a  beautiful  lake  of  the  same  name,  25  miles 
N.\V.  of  Melrose,  and  about  12  miles  E.  of  Alexandria.  It 
has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  superior  hotel. 
Pop.  about  300 ;  of  the  township,  398. 

Osakis  Lake,  Minnesota,  is  mostly  in  Todd  co.,  and 
touches  the  E.  border  of  Douglas  co.  It  is  7  or  8  miles 
long,  and  is  the  source  of  Sauk  River. 

O^sanip'pa,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chambers  co.,  Ala.,  9 
miles  S.  of  West  Point,  Ga.     It  has  3  churches. 

Osasio,  o-si'se-o,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  S.  of 
Turin.     Pop.  1254. 

OsaAVatomie,  Miami  co.,  Kansas.    Sec  Ossawatomie. 

Osawkie,  a  village  of  Kansas.     See  Ozawkie. 

Osborn,  oz'bum,  a  station  of  the  Connecticut  Central 
Railroad,  in  East  Windsor  township,  Hartford  co.,  Conn., 
12  miles  N.E.  of  Hartford. 

Osborn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rock  Island  co..  111.,  in  Zumn 
township,  on  Rock  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis,  Rock  Island  ■ 
&  Chicago  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Rock  Island 
Branch,  16  miles  E.  of  the  city  of  Rock  Island.  The  sta- 
tion at  this  place  is  called  Rock  River  Junction. 

Osborn,  a  village  of  Howard  co.,  Iowa,  about  42  miles 
N.E.  of  Charles  City. 

Osborn,  a  post-village  in  Colfax  township,  De  Kalb 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Hannibal  <&  St.  Joseph  Railroad,  29  miles 
E.  of  St.  Joseph.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
school-house  which  cost  $10,000.     Pop.  about  500. 

Osborn,  a  post-village  in  Bath  township,  Greene  co., 
0.,  on  Mad  River,  ajid  on  the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Rail- 
road, lOJ  miles  N.E.  of  Dayton,  and  on  the  Cleveland,  Co- 
lumbus, Cincinnati  <fc  Indianapolis  Railroad,  13  miles  S.W. 
of  Springfield.  It  has  4  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  dis- 
tillery.    Pop.  639. 

Osborn,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Pitts- 
burg, Fort  Wayne  <fc  Chicago  Railroad,  on  the  Ohio  River, 
12  miles  N.W.  of  Pittsburg. 

Osborn,  Colleton  co.,  S.C.    See  Adams  Run. 

Osborn,  a  township  of  Outagamie  co.,  Wis.  Pop.  537. 
Its  post-office  is  South  Osborn. 

Osborne,  oz'burn,  a  residence  of  the  Queen  of  Great 
Britain,  Isle  of  Wight,  li  miles  from  Cowes. 

Osborne,  oz'burn,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kansas, 
has  an  area  of  900  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
North  and  South  Forks  of  Solomon  River,  and  also  drained 
by  Salt  and  Wolf  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile.  A  largo  portion  of  it  is  ■ 
prairie.  Limestone  abounds  here.  Capital,  Osborne.  Pop. 
in  1880,  12,517;  in  1890,  12,083. 

Osborne,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Osborne  co.,  Kan- 
sas, on  the  South  Fork  of  the  Solomon  River,  in  Penn 


OSB 


2080  OSQ 


township,  on  th«  Control  Branch  Union  Pncific  Railroad, 
S4  miles  W.  of  IJeloit.     It  has  a  now»pft|)or  office.    P.  719. 

Osborne  IIullow,  apust-hnmlct  ot  Uroomo  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Albany  i,  Susquehanna  Uuilrood,  10  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Binghamton.    It  has  a  church. 

Osborne  Islands,  a  group  in  Admiralty  Qulf,  off  the 
N.W.  coast  of  Australia. 

Osborne's,  a  station  in  ChosterQeld  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
James  Kiver,  about  7  miles  below  Kiohmond,  and  opposite 
Farror's  Island.  The  Bright  Hopo  Ilailrood  extends  nonoo 
to  Clover  Hill  or  Wintorpock,  21  miles  distant. 

Osborne's  Mills,  a  ])ost-hamIet  of  Koano  oo.,  W.  Va., 
20  miles  N.E.  of  Charleston. 

Osborn's  Bridge,  a  poat-hamlet  of  Fulton  oo.,  N.Y., 
on  tho  Siicondnga  River,  2i  miles  from  Northville  Station, 
and  about  45  miles  N.N.W.  of  Albany.     It  has  a  church. 

Osborn's  Ford,  a  post-office  of  Scott  oo.,  Va.,  on 
Clinch  River,  about  36  miles  W.N.W.  of  Abingdon. 

Osborn's  tiap,  a  ))ost-office  of  Wise  oo.,  Va. 

Osbornville,  a  post-offioo  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C. 

Osca,  tho  ancient  namo  of  IIuesca. 

Os'car,  a  township  of  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  447. 

Oscar,  a  post-office  of  Phelps  co..  Neb. 

Oscar,  a  post-hamlet  of  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.,  about  44 
miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Oscar  Lake,  a  post-office  and  lake  of  Douglas  co., 
Minn.,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Morris. 

Oscarshamn,  or  Oskarshamn,  os'karz-h&mn^  a 
town  of  Sweden,  laon  of  Kalmar,  on  Kalmar  Sound,  125 
miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Jonkoping.  It  has  an  active 
shipping-trade.     Pop.  4805. 

Oscarstad,  os'kau-8tM\  or  Arvika,  aR-vee'k&,  a 
town  of  Sweden,  laen  and  40  miles  N.W.  of  Carlstad. 

Os^cawau'a,  a  station  in  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Hudson  River  Railroad,  36  miles  N.  of  New  York. 

Oscela,  Oscclum,  ancient  names  of  Doho  d'Ossola. 

Os^ceo'la.  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Iowa,  border- 
ing on  Minnesota,  has  an  area  of  40$  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  Little  Sioux  River  and  Otter  Creek.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating  or  nearly  level  prairie.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile. It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis 
&  Omaha  and  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Nortiiern  Rail- 
roads.   Capital,  Sibley.    Pop.  in  1880,  2219  ;  in  1890,  5574. 

Osceola,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  Michi- 
gan, has  an  area  of  580  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Muskegon  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Pine  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests 
of  the  sugar-maple,  pine,  and  other  trees.  Tho  soil  is  fer- 
tile. Indian  corn,  oats,  potatoes,  and  hay  are  the  staple 
products.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana 
and  Flint  &  Pere  Marquette  Railroads.  Capital,  Horsey. 
Pop.  in  1870,  2093;  in  1880,  10,777;  in  1890,  14,630. 

Osceola,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Mississippi  co.. 
Ark.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  50  miles  by  land  N. 
by  E.  of  Memphis.     It  has  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  1047. 

Osceola,  a  hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  Fla.,  is  8  miles  W.  of 
St.  John's  River,  and  near  several  lakes.  It  has  a  church, 
a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Osceola,  a  post-office  of  Oconee  co.,  Ga. 

Osceola,  a  village  in  Browning  township,  Schuyler 
CO.,  III.,  on  the  Rockford,  Rock  Island  &  St.  Louis  Railroad, 
11  miles  S.  of  Vermont.  It  has  1  or  2  churches  and  a  saw- 
mill.   The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Baders. 

Osceola,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stark  co..  111.,  in  Elmira 
township,  about  38  miles  E.N.E.  of  Galesburg.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  steam  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Osceola,  a  township  of  Stark  co..  III.     Pop.  1278. 

Osceola,  Indiana,  Ohio,  and  Kentucky.    See  Oceola. 

Osceola,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clarke  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Osceola  township,  on  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Rail- 
road, 26  miles  W.  of  Chariton,  and  about  44  miles  S.  by  W. 
of  Des  Moines.  It  has  a  court-house,  6  churches,  a  national 
bank,  1  other  bank,  a  high  school  and  normal  school,  and 
printing-offices  which  issue  3  weekly  newspapers,  olso  a 
Souring-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  planing-mill.  Pop.  in 
1890,  2120 ;  of  the  township,  additional,  672. 

Osceola,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  637. 

Osceola,  Livingston  co.,  Mich.    See  Oceola. 

Osceola,  a  township  of  Osceola  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  824. 

Osceola,  a  post-village,  capital  of  St.  Clair  co..  Mo.,  in 
Osceola  township,  on  the  Osiige  River,  about  60  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Sedalia.  It  has  a  bank,  a  church,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  331 ;  of  tho  township,  957. 

Osceola,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Polk  co..  Nob.,  near 
the  North  Fork  of  the  Big  Blue  River,  25  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Columbus,  and  about  56  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lincoln.  It  has 
ft  newspaper  office.    Pop.  in  1890,  947. 


Osceola,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  White  Pine 
CO.,  Nev.     Gold  is  found  here. 

Osceola,  a  post-villnge  in  Osceola  township,  Lewis  co. 
N.Y.,  on  tho  East  Branch  of  Salmon  River,  12  miles  N.  of 
Camden,  and  about  36  miles  N.W.  of  Utica.  It  has  a  church 
and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  of  handles  fur  brooms' 
forks,  Jkc.     Pop.  of  the  township,  649.  ' 

Osceola,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Pitts, 
burg  division  of  tho  Baltimore  <fe  Ohio  Railroad,  20  mllei 
S.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Osceola,  or  Osceola  Mills,  a  post-borough  in  De- 
catur township,  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  on  Mushannon  Creek 
and  on  the  Tyrone  &  Clearfield  Bnvnch  of  the  Ponni-ylvanla 
Railroad,  38  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Altoona,  and  22  miles  S.E. 
of  Clearfield.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank, 
a  graded  school,  a  tannery,  4  saw-mills,  2  planing-mills,  a 
foundry,  and  a  machine-shop.  Coal  is  mined  near  this 
place.  Present  pop.  about  2000.  The  name  of  its  post-oflloe 
is  Osceola  Mills.  On  May  20,  1875,  tho  greater  part  of  Os- 
ceola was  destroyed  by  fire,  about  250  houses  being  burned. 

Osceola,  a  post-village  in  Osceola  township,  Tioga  co., 
Pa.,  on  Cowanesque  Creek,  24  miles  S.W.  of  Corning,  N.Y. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  tannery,  a  saw-mill, 
and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  of  the  township,  523. 

Osceola,  a  post-office  of  Hill  co.,  Tex. 

Osceola,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Va.,  8  miles 
S.E.  of  Abingdon.  It  has  2  churches,  2  stores,  and  a 
tannery. 

Osceola,  a  post-office  of  King  co.,  Washington,  6  miles 
from  Wilkeson  Station. 

Osceola,  or  Oceola,  a  post-office  in  Osceola  township. 
Fond  du  Lao  co..  Wis.,  about  12  miles  S.E.  of  Fond  du  Lac. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1351. 

Osceola,  or  Osceola  Mills,  a  post-village,  capital 
of  Polk  CO.,  Wis.,  in  Osceola  township,  on  the  St.  Croix 
River,  24  miles  above  Stillwater,  Minn.,  and  about  27  miles 
N.  of  Hudson.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  a  news- 
paper office,  saw-mills,  and  a  flour-mill.  Steamboats  daily 
ascend  the  river  to  this  place.    Pop.  300 ;  of  township,  914. 

Osceo'la,  a  post-village  in  Renfrew  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Snake  River,  17  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pembroke.     Pop.  100. 

Osceola  Mine,  a  mining-village  in  Calumet  town- 
ship, Houghton  CO.,  Mich.  Copper  is  mined  here.  Osceola 
Station  is  on  the  Mineral  Range  Railroad,  2  miles  from 
Calumet.  • 

Osch,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.    Sec  Oss. 

Oscha,  a  river  of  Siberia.     See  Osha. 

Oschatz,  o'sh&ts,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Saxony,  on 
the  railway  from  Leipsio  to  Dresden,  31  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Leipsic.  Pop.  7243.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has 
manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  stoneware,  beer,  <to. 

Oschersleben,  osh'^rs-li'b^n,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  on  the  Bode,  19  miles  W.S.W.  of  Magdeburg,  on 
tho  railway  to  Brunswick.  Pop.  7831.  It  has  a  castle, 
and  some  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth. 

Oschiri,  os-kee'ree,  or  Oskeri,  os-ki'ree,  a  village 
of  Sardinia,  29  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sassari.     Pop.  2144. 

Oschitz,  osh'its,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  8  miles  N.W.  of 
Reichcnberg.     Pop.  1200. 

Oschntjany,  Russia.  See  Oshmiany. 

Os'co,  a  post-hamlet  in  Osco  township,  Henry  co..  III., 
on  the  Peoria  &  Rock  Island  Railroad,  23  miles  S.E.  of  the 
city  of  Rock  Island,  and  68  miles  N.W.  of  Peoria.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1216. 

Osco,  a  post-office  of  Kearney  co.,  Neb.,  18  miles  S.  of 
Lowell. 

Osco'da,  a  northern  county  of  Michigan,  has  an  area 
of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  tho  Au  Sable 
River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively  cov- 
ered with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Lumber,  oats, 
potatoes,  Ac,  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Mio.  Pop. 
in  1870,  70;  in  1880,  467;  in  1890,  1904. 

Oscoda,  a  post-village  of  Iosco  co.,  Mich.,  in  Oscoda 
township,  about  70  miles  N.  of  Bay  City.  It  has  a  bank- 
ing-house, 3  churches,  a  money-order  post-oflice,  a  graded 
school,  2  steam  lumber-mills,  2  planing-mills,  and  a  foundry. 
It  is  on  Lake  Huron,  at  the  mouth  of  Au  Sable  River,  and 
adjacent  to  Au  Sable  village.     Pop.  in  1890,  3593. 

Osero,  an  island  of  Austria.    See  Lossini. 

Osero,  o-si'ro,  a  maritime  town  of  Austria,  on  the  W. 
side  of  the  island  of  Lossini,  in  the  Adriatic.  Pop.  1482. 
It  has  a  fine  cathedral. 

Os^eu'ma,  a  station  in  the  Indian  Territory,  on  the 
St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  Railroad,  16  miles  N.E.  of 
Vinita. 

Osgood,  oz'good,  a  post-village  of  Ripley  oo.,  Ind.,  in 
Centre  township,  on  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  62 


OSG 


2081 


OSN 


b. 

i 


miles  TV.  of  Cincinnati,  0.  It  has  2  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  foundry,  a  saw-mill,  a  money-order  post- 
office,  2  drug-stores,  and  a  stone-quarry.     Pop.  about  800. 

Osgood,  a  post-hauilet  of  Chatham  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Raleigh  &  Augusta  Railroad,  39  miles  S.W.  of  Raleigh. 
It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Osgoode,  oz'good,  or  Metcalfe,  mSt'kaf,  a  post-vil- 
lago  in  Russell  co.,  Ontario,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Osgoode  Sta- 
tion. It  contains  a  drill-shed,  town  hall,  4  stores,  2  hotels, 
2  tanneries,  and  several  mills.     Pop.  350. 

Osha,  Oscha,  or  Ocha,  o'shi,  a  river  of  Siberia, 
issues  from  Lake  Teniz,  government  of  Tobolsk,  and  joins 
the  Irtish  30  miles  below  Tara.     Total  course,  140  miles. 

Oshawa,  osh'a-wa,  a  post-township  of  Nicollet  co., 
Minn.,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Minnesota  River,  and 
contains  St.  Peter,  the  capital  of  the  county.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Winona  &  St.  Peter  Railroad.  Pop.  1000. 
Oshawa  Station  on  this  road,  and  Oshawa  Post-OfBce,  are  10 
miles  W.  of  St.  Peter  and  12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mankato. 

Oshawa,  osh'a-wa,  a  village  of  the  county  and  province 
of  Ontario,  on  Lake  Ontario,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Rail- 
way, 33i  miles  N.E.  of  Toronto.  It  is  an  important  mar- 
ket-town, and  has  manufactories  of  printing-presses,  steam 
engines  and  boilers,  mill-machinery,  agricultural  imple- 
ments, musical  instruments,  furniture,  leather,  wooden- 
ware,  boots  and  shoes,  Ac,  several  churches,  6  hotels,  a 
number  of  stores,  a  newspaper  office,  and  2  branch  banks. 
Oshawa  is  a  port  of  entry.  Its  harbor  on  Lake  Ontario  is 
called  Sydenham.     Pop.  3185. 

Osh'kosh,  a  post-office  of  Sioux  co.,  Iowa. 

Oshkosh,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Winnebago  co.,  Wis.,  is 
situated  on  the  AV.  shore  of  Lake  Winnebago  and  on  both 
banks  of  Fox  River  (which  here  enters  the  lake),  17  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Fond  du  Lac,  80  miles  (103  by  rail)  N.N.W.  of 
Milwaukee,  and  49  miles  S.S.W.  of  Green  Bay.  The  ground 
un  which  it  is  built  slopes  gradually  towards  the  lake  and 
river,  and  is  convenient  for  drainage.  Steamboats  can 
ascend  from  Green  Bay  to  this  city,  and  can  pass  in  the 
other  direction  to  the  Mississippi  River  by  means  of  the 
Fox  and  Wisconsin  Rivers.  Oshkosh  is  on  the  Chicago  & 
Northwestern  Railroad,  and  is  the  N.E.  terminus  of  a 
branch  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad.  It 
is  the  second  city  of  the  state  in  population,  and  contains  a 
court-house,  a  state  normal  school,  a  high  school,  about  16 
churches,  3  public  halls,  an  opera-house,  a  public  library,  3 
national  banks,  about  20  saw-mills,  which  cut  75,000,000 
feet  annually,  5  planing-mills,  several  shingle-mills,  3 
Houring-mills,  5  breweries,  2  tanneries,  4  machine-shops,  3 
foundries,  a  ship-yard,  3  warehouses  for  grain,  manufac- 
tures of  sash  and  blinds,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  1 
daily  and  5  weekly  newspapers.  The  chief  articles  of  ex- 
port are  pine  lumber  and  wheat  flour.  Near  the  northern 
border  of  this  city  is  an  asylum  for  the  insane,  founded  by 
the  state.  On  the  28th  of  April,  1875,  a  great  fire  occurred 
lere,  and  burned  the  opera-house,  <tc.,  about  200  residences, 
nd  100  stores.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,663;  in  1880,  15,748;  in 
1890.  22,8;!6;  of  Oshkosh  township,  .additional,  1489. 

Oshmiany,  or  Oschmjany,  osh-m'yi'nee,  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  28  miles  S.E.  of  Vilna.    Pop.  4560. 

Oshmooneyn,  or  Achmouncyn,  osh-moo-nin', 
written  also  Eschmiinein,  or  Eshmouneyn,  a  largo 
village  of  Egypt,  W.  of  the  Nile,  on  the  site  of  the  ancient 
Hermopolia  Magna.  Lat.  27°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  about  30°  50' 
E.  Pop.  estimated  at  from  4000  to  10,000.  In  its  vicinity 
are  some  highly-interesting  ruins. 

Osh'temo,  or  Os'temo,  a  post-village  in  Oshtemo 
township,  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Michigan  Central 
Railroad,  about  50  miles  S.  of  Grand  Rapids,  and  5  miles 
S.W.  of  Kalamazoo.  It  has  a  church  and  a  graded  school. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1489. 

Osieczno,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Storchnest. 

Osiglia,  o-seel'yi,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Genoa,  about  24  miles  from  Savona.     Pop.  1368. 

Osilo,  o-seo'lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  Sardinia,  6  miles  E. 
of  Sassari.     Pop.  4738. 

Osima,  o-see'mS,,  a  small  island  of  Japan,  40  miles  W. 
of  Matsmai. 

Osima,  a  bay  of  Japan.    See  Odawara. 

Osimo,  og'e-mo  (anc.  Auximum),  a  town  of  Central 
Italy,  on  a  hill,  near  the  Musone,  9  miles  S.  of  Ancona. 
It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  4853. 

Osino,  o-see  no,  a  station  on  the  Central  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 9  miles  N.E.  of  Elko,  Nev. 

Osio-di-Sopra,  o'se-o-dee-so'pri,  and  Osio-di- 
Sotto,o'se-o-dee-sot'to,  two  adjacent  villages  of  Northern 
Italy,  province  and  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bergamo.  United 
pop.  2846. 


Osioot,  a  town  of  Upper  Egypt.    See  Sioot. 

Os'kaloo'sa,  a  post-hamlet  in  Oskaloosa  township, 
Clay  CO.,  111.,  about  28  miles  S.E.  of  Vandalia.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1171. 

Oskaloosa,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa, 
is  in  Oskaloosa  township,  on  the  "  divide,"  or  watershed, 
between  the  Des  Moines  and  South  Skunk  Rivers,  on  the 
Central  Railroad  of  Iowa,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Chicago, 
Rock  Island  &  Pacific  and  Keokuk  <fc  Des  Moines  Rail- 
roads, 62  miles  E.S.E.  of  Des  Moines  City,  24  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Ottumwa,  and  24  miles  N.N.E.  of  Albia.  This  city  is 
lighted  with  gas,  and  is  well  drained.  Its  site  is  elevated 
about  140  feet  above  the  level  of  the  river.  It  contains  13 
churches,  2  high  schools,  the  Oskaloosa  College  (Christian), 
with  a  large  brick  edifice,  Penn  College,  under  the  direction 
of  the  Friends,  organized  in  1873,  a  national  bank,  a 
savings-bank,  2  other  banks,  and  printing-ofiices  which 
issue  3  weekly  newspapers.  The  yearly  meeting  of  the 
Society  of  Friends  for  the  state  of  Iowa  is  held  here.  Os- 
kiiloosa  has  a  grain-elevator,  2  woollen-factories,  2  flouring- 
mills,  2  planing-mills,  3  foundries  with  machine-shops,  and 
a  mattress-factory.  Here  are  mines  of  good  coal,  which  is 
easily  accessible.  Pop.  in  1870,  3204;  in  1880,4598;  in 
1890,  6558;  of  the  township,  6868. 

Oskaloosa,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jefferson  co., 
Kansas,  in  Oskaloosa  township,  about  22  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Leavenworth,  and  25  miles  N.E.  of  Topeka.  It  has  2  banks, 
a  graded  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  2  churches.  Pop. 
in  1890,  773;  of  the  township,  2019. 

Oskeri,  a  village  of  Sardinia.    See  Oschiri. 

Oskdl,  os-kol',  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Koorsk,  flows  generally  S.,  and  in  the  government 
of  Kharkov  joins  the  Donets  on  the  left,  about  15  miles  bo- 
low  Izioom.     Length,  210  miles. 

Oskol,  Russia.    See  Novoi-Oskol  and  Staroi-Oskol. 

Oslauan,  os'16w-inS  or  Oslaivaiiy,  os-l3,-^-4'nee,  a 
town  of  Moravia,  12  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Briinn,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Oslawa.     Pop.  2329. 

Os'lo,  a  post-hamlet  in  Vernon  township.  Dodge  co., 
Minn.,  10  miles  S.  of  Kasson. 

Oslo,  a  post-office  of  Manitowoc  co..  Wis. 

Osma,  os'mi  (anc.  Oa'miia),  a  river  of  Bulgaria,  joins 
the  Danube  near  Nicopolis.     Length,  100  miles. 

Os'ma,  a  post-hamlet  of  Phillips  oo.,  Kansas,  40  miles 
N.  of  Ellis  (Ellis  co.).  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and 
a  saw-mill. 

Osman,  os'min',  a  town  of  India,  Punjab,  between  the 
Indus  and  Jhylum  Rivers.     Lat.  33°  63'  N. ;  Ion.  72°  52'  E 

Os'man,  a  post-office  and  station  of  McLean  co..  III., 
on  the  Chicago  &  Paducah  Railroad,  21  miles  N.W.  of 
Champaign,  and  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Gibson. 

Osman,  a  post-hamlet  in  Meeme  township,  Manitowoo 
CO.,  Wis.,  7  miles  W.  of  Ccntrevillc.     It  has  a  church. 

Osman-Bazar,  os-min'-bS-zar',  a  town  of  European 
Turkey,  Bulgaria,  32  miles  W.  of  Shoomla.     Pop.  5000. 

Osmanjik,  or  Osmandjik,  os-m4n-jeek',  a  town  of 
Asiatic  Turkey,  54  miles  W.N.W.  of  Amasia,  on  the  Kizil- 
Irmak.     Pop.  5000. 

Osman's,  oz'manz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co.,  0., 
about  25  miles  W.  of  Portsmouth. 

Osmiis,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Osma. 

Osnabriick,  os'ni-briik\  an  extensive  district  or  land- 
drostei  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  bounded  W.  by  the  Nether- 
lands.   Area,  2411  square  miles.     Pop.  277,761. 

Os'nabruck  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Stofmont  co., 
Ontario,  6  miles  N.AV.  of  Wales.    Pop.  100. 

Os'naburg  (Ger.  Osnabriick,  os'ni-brlik^),  a  town  of 
Prussia,  in  Hanover,  capital  of  the  district  of  Osnabriick,  on 
the  Haase,  an  aflluent  of  the  Ems,  at  a  railway  junction, 
74  miles  W.S.W.  of  Hanover.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls, 
and  consists  of  an  old  and  a  new  town.  Principal  edifices, 
the  old  palace,  town  hall,  court-house,  cathedral,  several 
Lutheran  and  Roman  Catholic  churches,  2  gymnasia,  a  Lu- 
theran orphan  asylum,  hospitals,  and  a  workhouse.  It  has 
manufactures  of  woollen  cloths,  tobacco,  chiccory,  soap, 
paper,  and  leather.  Its  chief  trade,  the  export  of  linen 
fabrics  and  cattle,  is  favored  by  its  position  on  the  high 
route  between  Bremen  and  the  Lower  Rhine.  The  treaty 
of  Westphalia,  which  ended  the  Thirty  Years'  AVar,  was 
negotiated  here  in  1648.  The  bishopric  was  secularized  in 
1803,  and  incorporated  with  Hanover.     Pop.  17,532. 

Osnaburg,  Society  Islands.    See  Maitea. 

Osnaburg,  oz'na-burg,  a  post-village  in  Osnaburg 
township.  Stark  oo.,  0.,  4  miles  E.  of  Canton,  and  about  2J 
miles  S.  of  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  AVayne  <fc  Chicago  Railroad. 
It  has  4  churches  and  a  grist-mill.  Coal,  iron  ore,  and 
limestone  abound  here.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2287. 


OSN 


2082 


mt 


Osnaburgh  Island,  Pacific  Ocean,  Int.  210  5V  S., 
Ion.  138°  6»'  34"  W.,  ia  U  utiles  Iouk.  and  well  woudod. 

Osoblaha,  the  Moravian  name  uf  IIotzknplotz. 

Oso'lo,  a  township  uf  Ellihart  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  022. 

Osorkow,  a  town  of  Poland.    See  OzoitKow. 

Osorno,  o-soR'no,  a  rolcano  of  Patagonia,  W.  coaat, 
opposite  the  island  of  Chiloe.     Lat.  41°  S. ;  Ion.  7U°  4U'  W. 

Osorno,  o-soit'no,  a  rivor  of  Chili,  rises  in  the  largo 
lake  of  Osorno,  flows  N.W.,  and  enters  the  Paciflo  34  miles 
6.W.  of  Valdivia. 

Osorno,  a  town  of  Chili,  province  of  Llanquihue,  50 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Valdivia.    Pop.  1805. 

Osorno  Mnyor,  o-son'no  uii-oii',  a  village  of  Spain, 
in  Leon,  province  and  32  miles  N.  of  Paloncia.    Pop.  lUOl. 

Ospcuulctto,  os-p&-d&-ldt'to,  a  village  of  Italy,  9 
miles  S.K.  of  Lodi.     Pop.  IfiOS. 

OspedalettO,or  Ospitaletto,  a  village  of  Northern 
Italy,  province  and  8  miles  AV.  of  Brescia.     Pop.  2147. 

Ospino,  os-peo'no,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  state  of  Por- 
tugucsa,  55  miles  N.N.E.  of  Uuanare.     Pop.  6144. 

Oss,  or  Os  (formerly  Osch,  osk),  a  town  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, in  North  Brabant,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Bois-le-Duc. 

Os'sa  (Gr.  Oo-o-a;  modern,  KUao'co),  a  mountain  of 
Thcssaly,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  river  Peneus,  immediately 
N.  of  Mount  Pclion,  and  bounding,  with  the  opposite  chain 
of  Mount  Olympus,  the  renowned  Vale  of  Tempo. 

Ossa,  os'si,  a  river  of  West  Prussia,  joins  the  Vistula 
near  Graudenz,  after  a  ^V.  course  of  45  miles. 

Ossa,  oa'sik,  a  bay  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  on  the  E. 
side  of  Gilolo,  with  the  village  of  Ossa  on  its  S.  coast. 

Ossa,  os's&,  a  town  of  liussin,  government  and  58  miles 
S.W.  of  Perm,  on  the  Kama.     Pop.  2815. 

Os'sabaw^  Island,  one  of  the  sea-islands  of  Bryan 
CO.,  Ga.,  at  the  mouth  of  Ogeecheo  lliver,  is  about  10  miles 
long.     Ossabaw  Sound  is  immediately  N.  of  the  island. 

Ossago,  os-si'go,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  5  miles 
S.  of  Lodi.     Pop.  1194. 

Ossaia,  os-si'J,  (i.e.,  the  "  bones"),  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  of  Arezzo,  3  miles  S.  of  Cortona,  and  N.  of  the 
Lake  of  Perugia  (anc.  Thraayme'nus).  From  the  remains 
found  here,  it  is  supposed  to  be  the  site  of  the  famous  vic- 
tory gained  by  the  Carthaginians,  under  Ilannibal,  over  the 
Romans,  under  Flaminius,  B.C.  217. 

Ossau,  Gave  de,  Pyrenees.    See  Gave  d'Aspe. 

Oss^awat'omie,  or  Os^awat'omie,  a  post-village 
of  Miami  co.,  Kansas,  in  a  township  of  its  own  name,  on 
the  Osage  River,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Paolo,  and  about  35  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Lawrence.  It  has  a  church,  a  flouring-mill,  and 
a  saw-mill.  Here  is  an  asylum  for  the  insane,  founded  by 
the  Ktnte.     Pop.  in  1890,  2662 ;  of  the  township,  3518. 

Ossekeag,  New  Brunswick.    See  Hampton. 

Os'seo,  a  post-village  in  JeSerson  township,  Hillsdale 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Rail- 
road, 6  miles  E.S.E.  of  Hillsdale,  and  27  miles  W.  of  Adrian. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  bricks  and  tiles. 
Pop.  about  300. 

Osseo,  a  post-village  of  Hennepin  co.,  Minn.,  5  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Anoka,  and  22  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  plough-factory.     P.  215. 

Osseo,  a  post-village  of  Trempealeau  co..  Wis.,  in  Sum- 
ner township,  on  the  Buffalo  River,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Eau 
Claire.     It  has  2  grist-mills  and  a  drug-store.     Pop.  200. 

Ossero,  an  island  in  the  Adriatic  Sea.     See  Lossi.si. 

Os'sett-AvitlfGaw'thorpe,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
of  York,  on  a  railway,  3  miles  W.  of  Wakefield.  It  has 
coal-mines  and  woollen-mills.     Pop.  (1891)  10,984. 

Ossi,  os'see,  a  village  of  Sardinia,  4  miles  S.S.E.  of  Sas- 
Bari.     Pop.  2169. 

Ossian,  osh'yan,  a  post-village  of  Wells  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Fort  Wayne,  Muncie  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  15  miles 
S.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a 
grist-mill,  and  2  drug-stores.     Pop.  about  550. 

Ossian,  a  post-village  in  Military  township,  Winne- 
shiek CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &,  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Calmar,  and  11  miles  S.  of  Decorah. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  wagon-shop,  and  a 
money-order  post-oflBce.     Pop.  about  700. 

Ossian,  or  Ossian  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Ossian 
township,  Livingston  co.,  N.Y.,  5  or  6  miles  S.W.  of  Dans- 
ville,  and  about  45  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Rochester.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1144. 

Os'sin,  a  small  river  of  Wisconsin,  flows  into  Rock 
River  in  Dodge  co.,  near  the  S.  end  of  Iloricon  Lake. 

Ossiueke,  os-se-neok',  a  post-hamlet  in  Ossineke  town- 
ship, Alpena  co.,  Mich.,  on  Thunder  Bay,  about  100  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Bay  City.  It  has  a  lumber-mill.  Here  are  for- 
ests of  pine,  cedar,  maple,  do.    Pop.  of  the  township,  110. 


Os'sipeo,  a  small  lake  in  Carroll  co.,  N.IL,  is  abont  I 
miles  N.  of  the  village  of  Ossipce. 

Ossipee,  a  post-village,  ca]>ita1  of  Carroll  co.,  N.II.,  {ir 
Ossipee  township,  on  the  Portsmouth  k  Conway  Itailrond, 
55  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Portsmouth,  and  26  miles  S.  of  North 
Conway.  It  has  5  churches  and  several  saw-mills.  The 
township  contains  other  villages,  named  Centre  Osg||ioo  and 
West  Ossipee,  and  is  bounded  N.E.  by  the  beautiful  Ossiiioe 
Lake,  which  is  visited  by  many  tourists  in  summer,  llilj 
lake  is  about  8  miles  long.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1822. 

Ossipee  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  oo..  Mo.,  on 
Little  Ossipee  River,  about  30  miles  W.  of  Portland.  It 
has  a  woullen-mill. 

Ossipee  Mountain,  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  a  rang;^ 
lying  immediately  W.  of  Ossipee  Lake. 

Ossipee  lliver  is  the  outlet  of  Ossipee  Lake,  in  Car- 
roll CO.,  N.II.  It  runs  eastward  into  Maine,  forms  tht 
boundary  between  the  oos.  of  Oxford  and  York,  and  entert 
the  Saoo  River. 

Ossipee  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  N.H. 

Ossona,  os-so'nA,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  MilaU| 
8  miles  N.  of  Abbiategrasso.     Pop.  1107. 

Ossoree,  os-so'ree  (Hindoo,  Asoortte,  or  A$uri),  a  large 
village  of  India,  in  Mysore,  23  miles  W.N.W.  of  Nundy- 
droog.     Near  it  is  a  noble  reservoir. 

Ossnn,  os^sQn"',  a  town  of  France,  in  IIaute8-Pyr6n6M^ 
10  miles  S.W.  of  Tarbes.     Pop.  2400, 

Ossuna,  a  town  of  Spain.     See  Osuna. 

Ostashkov,  or  Ostaschkow,  os-t&sh-kov',  a  town 
of  Russia,  government  and  104  miles  W.N.W.  of  Tver,  on 
Lake  Seligher.  It  is  built  mostly  of  wood,  but  its  publio 
edifices  are  handsome  stone  structures,  and  comprise  several 
churches  and  hospitals  and  an  extensive  bazaar.  It  has 
large  salt-  and  spirit-magazines,  malt-houses,  tanneries, 
soap-works,  and  ship-building  docks.     Pop.  10,806. 

Oste,  os't^h,  a  river  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  rises  in  the 
W.  of  the  landdrostei  of  LUneburg,  flows  N.AV.,  and  entert 
the  estuary  of  the  Elbe  4  miles  N.E.  of  Otterndorf.  Length, 
80  miles. 

Ostemo,  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.    See  Oshtemo. 

O8tend,os-t5nd'  (Fr.  Oatende,  os*t6Nd'),  a  seaport  town 
of  Belgium,  in  West  Flanders,  on  the  North  Sea,  60  milei 
N.  of  the  North  Foreland  (in  Kent).  Lat.  51°  14'  1'  N.; 
Ion.  2°  65'  5"  E,  It  is  regularly  and  neatly  built,  and  con- 
tains a  citadel  and  bathing-houses,  it  being  a  watering-place 
of  great  ))opularity.  It  has  a  large  inner  harbor,  dookl, 
piers,  and  basins,  oyster  parks,  some  sugar-  and  salt-re- 
fineries, sail-cloth-,  soap-,  and  other  factories,  rope-walks, 
building-docks,  active  fisheries,  and  a  large  trade  in  agri- 
cultural produce.  It  has  regular  steam  communication 
with  London  and  Dover,  and  is  connected  with  Antwerp 
by  the  Great  Belgian  Railway  and  with  Bruges  by  the 
Ostend  &  Bruges  Canal.  It  has  a  high  sea-wall,  or  digxtt, 
Ostend  was  founded  in  the  ninth  century,  walled  in  1445, 
and  regularly  fortified  in  1585  by  the  Prince  of  Orange. 
It  sustained  a  memorable  siege  from  1601  to  1604,  during 
which  it  lost  about  50,000  and  the  Spanish  besiegers  more 
than  80,000  men.  Its  walls  and  forts  nave  been  demolished. 
Pop.  in  1886,  21,936;  in  1891,  24,712. 

Os'tend,  a  Iiamlet  of  McHenry  co,.  III.,  about  24  miloi 
N.  of  Elgin. 

Ostend,  a  post-hamlet  in  Bell  township,  Clearfield  co., 
Pa.,  about  32  miles  N.N.W.  of  Altoona. 

Ostenfeld,  os't^n-fdlt^  a  village  of  Prussia,  16  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Sleswick.     Pop.  1774. 

Osteodes,  an  ancient  name  of  Ustica. 

Oster,  os't§r,  or  Ostr,  os't'r,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in 
the  government  of  Chernigov,  flows  AV.,  and  joins  the 
Desna  at  the  town  of  Oster.     Length,  100  miles. 

Oster,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  44  miW 
S.S.AV.  of  Chernigov,  on  the  Desna,  here  joined  by  the 
Oster.     Pop.  2831. 

Osterburg,  os't§r-b55RG\  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,' 
on  a  railway,  47  miles  N.  of  Magdeburg.     Pop.  3633. 

Os'terburg,  a  post-village  of  Bedford  co..  Pa.,  5  miles 
from  Cessna.     It  has  3  churches  and  2  flour-mills. 

Osterby,  os't§r-bii\  a  small  town  of  Sweden,  ten  and 
29  miles  N.N.E.  of  Upsal.  It  has  forges  and  smeltlng- 
houses  for  the  iron  from  the  mine  of  Dannemora. 

Os'terdock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  on 
Turkey  River,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Chicago,  Dubuque  4 
Minnesota  Railroad,  36  miles  N.W.  of  Dubuque. 

Osterfeld,  os't?r-f6ir,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  20 
miles  S.S.AV.  of  Merseburg.     Pop.  1542. 

Ostergothland,  or  OstergOtland.  See  LiyKoPiso. 

Osterhofen,os't9r-ho'f?n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  15  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Landau.    Pop.  1452. 


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Osterhout,  Wyoming  co.,  Pa.    See  La  Grange. 

Osterode,  os't^h-roM^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hano- 
ver on  a  tributary  of  the  Leine,  at  the  foot  of  the  Ilarz,  51 
miles  by  rail  S.S.B.  of  Hanover.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls, 
and  has  several  churches  and  hospitals,  a  gymnasium,  a 
royal  granary,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  and  cotton 
goods,  table-linens,  long  cloths,  tobacco,  soap,  white  lead,  and 
metallic  and  wooden  wares,  with  breweries,  distilleries,  and 
tanneries.     Pop.  5658. 

Osterode,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  75  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Konigsborg,  on  Lake  Drewenz.  It  has  manufactures  of 
woollen  cloth,  beer,  and  liquors.     Pop.  5746. 

Osteroe,  os't^r-o*  or  os't^r-o'^h,  one  of  the  Faroe 
Islands. 

Osterreich,  the  German  name  of  Austria. 

Oster-Risocr,  os't^r-ree'so'^r,  a  sesiport  town  of  Nor- 
way, stift  and  60  miles  N.E.  of  Christiansand,  on  the  Catte- 
gat.    Pop.  2216.       .. 

Ostersund,  or  Osterspnd,  os't§r-soond*,  a  town  of 
North  Sweden,  capital  of  Jemtland,  112  miles  W.S.W.  of 
llerniisand.     Pop.  2212.     See  Jemtland. 

Us'terville,  a  post-village  of  Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  on 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  about  30  miles  E.  of  New  Bedford.  It 
has  a  large  hotel,  2  churches,  a  boat-yard,  and  a  number  of 
cottages. 

Oster\vick,o8't?r-*ik\  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  42 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Magdeburg.     Pop.  3375. 

Osthaininer,  ost-h&m'm^r,  a  small  seaport  town  of 
Sweden,  Isen  and  65  miles  N.  of  Stockholm. 

Ostheiin,  or  Gross  Ostheim,  groce  ost'hime,  a 
village  of  Bavaria,  in  Lower  Franconia,  5  miles  S.W.  of 
Aschaffenburg.     Pop.  2584.     See  also  Klbin  Ostbkih. 

Ostheim-vor-der-Rhon,  ost'hime-voB-dfiu-ron,  a 
town  of  Saxe- Weimar,  principality  and  87  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Eisenach.  It  is  enclosed  with  walls,  and  has  a  college  and 
a  hospital.     Pop.  2430. 

Osthofen,  ost'ho^f^n,  a  town  of  Hesse,  province  of 
Rbein-Hessen,  near  the  Khine,  6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Worms. 
It  has  manufactures  of  wine.     Pop.  2879. 

Ostia,  os'to-i,  a  village  of  Italy,  at  the  S.  UKTnth  of 
the  Tiber,  14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Home.  The  ancient  city,  li 
miles  distant,  was  in  former  times  the  principal  port  of 
Rome.  From  its  site  many  sculptures  have  been  recovered. 

Ostiaks,  os'te-aks\  a  people  in  the  S.  part  of  Siberia, 
between  the  Irtish  and  Yenisei  Rivers. 

Ostiano,  os-te-i'no,  or  Ustiailo,  oos-te-&'no,  a  town 
of  Northern  lUly,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Canneto.     Pop.  3318. 

Ostiglia,  os-teel'yi  (anc.  Hostilia),  a  town  of  Italy, 
17  miles  E.S.E.  of  Mantua,  on  the  Po.     Pop.  4659. 

Ostr,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Oster. 

Ostra,  os'tri,  Ostrau,  os'trSw,  or  Ostrawa,  os- 
trl'*l,  a  town  of  Moravia,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Hradisch,  on 
an  island  formed  by  the  March.  Pop.  3409.  Here  is  a 
castle,  the  property  of  Prince  Liechtenstein. 

Ostran'der,  a  post-village  in  Scioto  township,  Dela- 
ware CO.,  0.,  on  Mill  Creek,  and  on  the  railroad  which  con- 
nects Delaware  with  Dayton,  9  miles  W.S.W.  of  the  former. 
It  has  3  churches  and  a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  about  300. 

Ustrasia,  os-tri'she-a  (Fr.  Ostrasie,  osHri^zee'),  or 
Austrasia,  aws-tri'she-a  (Fr.  Austrasie,  5sHri'zee')>  the 
most  eastern  of  the  portions  into  which  the  empire  of 
Charlemagne  was  divided  by  his  successors.  It  appears  to 
have  extended  from  the  Meuse  on  the  W.  to  the  Bohmer- 
wald  Mountains  on  the  E.,  and  to  have  included  the  W. 
part  of  the  archduchy  of  Austria.  The  name  is  derived 
from  the  Teutonic  ost  or  oster,  "  eastern,"  being  from  the 
same  root  as  Austria  {Oesterreich :  i.e.,  "  eastern  king- 
dom"). In  like  manner,  Neustria  is  supposed  to  be  de- 
rived from  «!e«<  (Fr.  Quest),  the  initial  N  being  prefixed 
perhaps  for  the  sake  of  euphony,  or  for  more  clearly  mark- 
ing the  distinction  between  this  name  and  Austria  or  Os- 

trasia. Adj.  and   inhab.  Ostbasian,  os-tri'she-an,  or 

AosTRAsiAN,  aws-tri'she-an. 

Ostrau,  os'trSw,  a  town  of  Moravia,  on  the  Ostrawitza, 
30  miles  N.E.  of  Weisskirchen.     Pop.  1803. 

Ostrau,  or  Ostrawa,  Moravia.    See  Ostra. 

Ostritz,  os'trits,  a  town  of  Saxony,  on  the  Neisse,  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Zittau.     Pop.  1545. 

Ostrog,  os-trog'  (i.e.,  a  "  palisaded  fort"),  a  town  of 
Russia,  in  Volhynia,  on  the  Gorin,  100  miles  W.  of  Zhito- 
ineer.  It  consists  of  an  old  and  a  new  town,  and  has  an 
ancient  castle.     Pop.  7910,  of  whom  many  are  Jews. 

Ostrogoisk,  Ostrogojsk,  os-tro-goisk',  or  Ostra- 
gaschesk,  os-tri-gi-shfisk',  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment and  59  miles  S.  of  Voronezh,  on  the  Sosna  Tikhaia. 
1  op,  9904.     It  has  extensive  magazines  and  cattle-fairs. 

Ostrogothia,  Sweden.    See  Linkoping. 


Ostrok,os-trok',  a  remarkable  convent  of  Montenegro, 
22  miles  N.E.  of  Cattaro.  It  is  built  in  a  spacious  caverq 
on  the  side  of  a  cliff  which  rises  400  feet  above  it,  and  ii 
the  great  stronghold  and  chief  powder-magazine  of  the 
Montenegrins.  In  1768  it  was  defended  by  30  men  against 
30,000  Turks. 

Ostrolenka,  os-tro-15n'ki,  a  town  of  Poland,  govern- 
ment of  Lomza,  86  miles  N.E.  of  Plock,  on  the  Narew 
It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth.     Pop.  5865. 

Ostrov,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Sciii.ackenwerth. 

Ostrov,  or  Ostrow,  os-trov'  (i.e.,  "  island"),  a  town 
of  Russia,  government  and  35  miles  S.  of  Pskov,  on  ah 
island  formed  by  the  Velikaia.     Pop.  3625. 

Ostroviec,  or  Ostrowez,  osHro-vfttz',  a  town  of 
Russian  Poland,  government  of  Radom,  16  miles  N.  of 
Opatow.     Pop.  4918. 

Ostrovizza,  os-tro-vit'si,  or  Ostrovitz,  os'tro-vits', 
a  town  of  Bosnia,  on  the  Unna. 

Ostrovno,  os-trov'no,  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  90  miles  N.N.W.  of  Moheelev,  on  the  Diina. 

Ostrovo,  os-tro'vo,  a  small  town  of  European  Turkey, 
on  a  lake  of  its  own  name,  31  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Monastir. 

Ostrow,  os'trov,  a  town  of  Poland,  province  and  25 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Lomza.     Pop.  6142. 

Ostrowo,  os-tro'^o,  a  town  of  Prussia,  67  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Posen.  It  has  manufactures  uf  woollen  cloth 
Pop.  8339. 

Ostriintja,  os-troom'ji,  a  town  of  European  Turkey, 
53  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ghiustendil. 

Ostrzeszow,  the  Polish  name  of  Schilduerg. 

Ostsee,  or  Oestsee  ("East  Sea").    See  Baltic  Sea. 

Ostuni,  os-too'nee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Lecce, 
24  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Brindisi.  It  is  a  bishop's  se*, 
and  has  numerous  churches  and  convents.     Pop.  16,295. 

Osuna,  o-soo'n&,  or  Ossuna,  os-soo'n&,  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  43  miles  E.  of  Seville.  It  stands  on 
the  declivity  of  a  hill  crowned  with  a  castle,  and  has  4  hos- 
pitals and  2  sets  of  barracks.  It  had  formerly  a  university, 
and  is  important  as  a  military  post.  Trade  chiefly  in  corn, 
oil,  wine,  fruit,  rush-wares,  and  capers.     Pop.  15,130. 

Os'waldtwis^tle,  a  town  of  England,  in  Lancashire,  3 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Blackburn,  with  cotton-mills.     Pop.  10,283. 

Oswayo,  os-wa'o,  a  post-village  of  Potter  co..  Pa.,  in 
Oswayo  township,  on  a  creek  of  the  same  name,  about  32 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Emporium,  and  16  miles  S.  of  Wellsville, 
N.Y.     It  has  2  lumber-mills.     Pop.  300  ;  of  township,  629. 

OsAvayo  Creek  rises  in  Potter  co..  Pa.,  runs  N.W., 
and  enters  the  Alleghany  River  at  Olean,  N.Y. 

Oswegatchie,  os-we-gatch'e,  a  township  of  St.  Law- 
rence CO.,  N.Y.  Pop.  13,204.  It  contains  Ogdensburg  and 
Heuvelton, 

Oswegatchie  River,  New  York,  rises  near  the  N. 
border  of  Herkimer  co.,  and  soon  enters  or  expands  into 
Cranberry  Lake,  in  St.  Lawrence  co.  From  this  lake  it 
runs  westward  to  Oxbow,  Jefferson  co.,  where  it  abruptly 
changes  its  course  to  the  N.E.,  and  enters  the  St.  Lawrence 
River  at  Ogdensburg.     It  is  nearly  130  miles  long. 

Oswe'go,  a  county  of  New  York,  situated  at  the  E. 
end  of  Lake  Ontario,  has  an  area  of  about  970  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  Oneida  Lake  and  Oneida  River, 
and  on  the  N.W.  by  Lake  Ontario,  and  is  intersected  by  the 
Oswego  and  Salmon  Rivers.  The  surface  is  generally  level, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  sugar-maple, 
pine,  oak,  ash,  elm,  beech,  <fcc.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and 
adapted  to  pasturage.  Hay,  butter,  cheese,  cattle,  lumber, 
oats,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  The  rock  found 
next  to  the  surface  is  Silurian  sandstone,  a  good  material 
for  building.  This  county  has  many  flouring-mills,  the 
annual  product  of  which  is  very  large.  It  is  intersected  in 
various  directions  by  the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg 
Railroad,  the  New  York,  Ontario  <fc  Western  Railroad,  and 
the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad ;  also  by 
the  Oswego  Canal.  Capital,  Oswego.  Pop.  in  1870,  77,941 ; 
in  1880,  77,911;  in  1890,  71,883. 

Oswego,  a  post-oflSce  of  Alturas  co.,  Idaho. 

Oswego,  a  post-village  in  Oswego  township,  Kendall 
CO.,  III.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  Fox  River,  and  on  the  Fox 
River  Line  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  <fe  Quincy  Railroad, 
6  miles  below  Aurora,  and  46  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chicago. 
It  has  6  churches,  and  manufactures  of  brooms,  carriages, 
and  windmills.     Pop.  750;  of  the  township,  1756. 

Oswego,  a  post-village  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Tippecanoe  River,  3  miles  from  Leesburg  Station,  and 
about  8  miles  N.E.  of  Warsaw.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
flour-mill.     Pop.  116. 

Oswego,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Labette  co.,  Kansas, 
in  Oswego  township,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Neosho  River, 


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and  on  tb«  Hiiaoari,  Kanwt  A  T«xm  Railroad,  at  tlio  junc- 
tion of  U>«  Miaaouri  in  WMt«rn  Railroad,  16  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Parsons,  and  0  miles  N.  of  Ctietopa.  It  has  a  oolloge,  a 
newspaper  office,  2  banking-liouses,  6  ohurohes,  2  flouring- 
mills,  and  manufaotures  of  furniture  and  soap.  Coal  is 
mined  lierc.     Pop.  in  ISSO,  2:551  ;  in  IS'JO,  2574. 

OawegO)  a  city  and  port  of  entry,  ciipilal  of  Oswogo 
oo.,  N.Y.,  iit  situated  on  tho  S.E.  shore  of  Lake  Ootario,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Oswego  River,  which  divides  it  into  two 
nearly  o«jual  parts.  Lat.  43°  28'  N.;  Ion.  76°  35'  W.  By 
railroad  it  is  35  miles  N.N.W.  of  Syrnouso,  243  miles  N.W. 
of  New  York,  and  182  miles  W.N.W.  of  Albany.  It  is 
the  most  populous  city  on  Lake  Ontario,  ezoopt  Toronto, 
Canada.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  which  is  formed  by  tho 
mouth  of  the  river,  is  sheltered  by  long  and  costly  piers, 
on  two  of  which  light-houses  have  been  erected,  and  is 
defended  by  Fort  Ontario.  The  water  in  tho  harbor  is  from 
10  to  20  feet  deep.  Oswego  is  tho  northern  terminus  of 
the  Oswego  Cunal,  which  connects  at  Syracuse  with  the 
Erie  Canal,  and  is  connected  with  New  York  City  by  the 
New  York,  Ontario  &  Western  Railroad,  the  Delaware, 
Lackawanna  A  Western  Railroad,  and  the  Rome,  Water- 
town  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad.  The  latter  is  now  a  part  of 
tho  New  York  Central  system,  and  is  leased  to  the  Central 
for  a  term  of  ninety-nine  years  from  1890.  The  site  of 
this  city  is  elevated  and  moderately  uneven,  and  is  bounded 
on  the  S.  by  a  bluff  or  escarpment,  which  is  160  feet  higher 
than  the  lake  and  affords  good  situations  for  residences. 
The  streets  are  100  feet  wide  and  intersect  one  another  at 
right  angles.  Three  bridges  across  tho  river,  one  a  railroad 
bridge,  connect  tho  eastern  and  western  portions  of  the 
city.  The  principal  public  buildings  are  the  city  hall,  of 
stone,  the  court-house,  the  custom-house,  and  the  post-office. 
A  large  and  elegant  hotel  has  been  erected  here  over  a 
medicinal  spring.  Oswego  contains  22  churches,  the  Os- 
wego City  Library,  a  high  school,  tho  Oswego  State  Normal 
and  Training  School,  a  public  school  library,  2  national 
banks,  2  savings-banks,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  a 
weekly,  a  semi-weekly,  and  2  daily  newspapers. 

There  is  comparatively  little  commerce  at  this  port,  but 
it  is  an  important  depot  for  the  shipment  of  coal  by  lake 
and  rail.  Its  flour-mills  and  elevators,  once  extensive,  have 
mostly  been  burned  down.  Within  the  limits  of  this  city 
tho  river  has  a  fall  of  34  feet,  affording  immense  hydraulic 
power,  and  the  fall  is  distributed  by  6  successive  dams  built 
by  the  state  for  canal  navigation.  The  numerous  large  lakes 
of  which  it  is  the  outlet  operate  as  reservoirs,  which  prevent 
extreme  variations  in  the  height  of  the  river,  so  that  de- 
structive freshets  never  occur  here.  Oswego  has  several 
iron-foundries,  machine-shops,  a  match-factory,  immense 
box-shops  of  the  Standard  Oil  Company,  shade-cloth  works, 
cotton-  and  woollen-mills,  and  a  manufactory  of  corn-starch 
which  employs  nearly  700  operatives  and  is'said  to  produce 
33  tons  daily.     Pop.  in  1880,  21,116 ;  in  1890,  21,842. 

Oswego,  a  post-village  of  Clackamas  co.,  Oregon,  on 
tho  W.  bank  of  the  Willamette  River,  8  miles  S.  of  Port- 
land. It  has  a  church,  and  a  furnace  for  pig-iron.  It  has 
great  water-power.     Pop.  about  100. 

Oswego  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y., 
3  miles  S.W.  of  Oswego  City.     It  has  a  cheese-factory. 

Oswego  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Granby  township, 
Oswego  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  tho  W.  bank  of  tho  Oswego  River, 
opposite  Fulton  (with  which  it  is  connected  by  2  iron 
bridges),  and  on  the  Oswego  <fc  Syracuse  Railroad  and  the 
Oswego  Canal,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  a  large 
lumber-mill,  a  paper-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  serges, 
prunella,  or  lasting,  and  other  goods.     Pop.  in  1890,  1821. 

Oswego  River,  New  York,  is  formed  by  the  Seneca 
and  Oneida  Rivers,  which  unite  near  Phoenix,  about  12 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Syracuse.  It  runs  nearly  northwestwarf" 
through  Oswego  co.,  and  enters  Lake  Ontario  at  the  city  of 
Oswego.  It  is  24  miles  long,  and  descends  about  120  feet 
in  that  distance.  It  carries  a  large  volume  of  water,  anri 
is  the  general  outlet  of  15  lakes,  among  which  are  the 
Oneida,  Cayuga,  Seneca,  Canandaigua,  Owasco,  and  Keuka. 
This  river  is  connected  with  the  Oswego  Canal,  and  affords 
abundant  water-power. 

Oswestry,  oz'?s-tre,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Salop, 
at  a  railway  junction,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Shrewsbury.  It 
has  an  ancient  grammar-school,  a  national  school,  several 
charities,  a  town  hall,  a  prison,  and  a  theatre.  Its  name  is 
derived  from  that  of  Oswald,  the  Christian  king  of  North- 
umbria,  slain  here  in  642.     Pop.  7306. 

OsHvich'ee,  a  post-office  of  Russell  co.,  Ala. 

Oswiecin,  Austrian  Qalicia.    See  Auschwitz. 

Osy'ka,  a  post-village  of  Pike  co.,  Miss.,  on  the  Chi- 
•kgo,  St.  Louis  A  New  Orleans  Railroad,  88  miles  N.  by  W. 


of  New  Orleans.     It  has  a  newspaper  office  and  4  or  J 
ohurohes.     Cotton  is  shipped  hero.     Pop.  about  550. 

Oszik,  the  Slavonic  name  of  Eszkk. 

Otabalo,  a  town  of  Ecuador.     See  Otavalo. 

Otago  (o-tA'go)  Bay,  on  the  S.E.  side  of  South  Islanil 
New  Zealand,  is  important  on  account  of  the  towns  ol 
Dunedin  and  Port  Chalmers,  which  are  situated  on  \U 
shores.     It  gave  name  to  the  province  of  Otago. 

Otaha,  o't&-h4',  one  of  tho  Society  Islands,  P«oifi( 
Ocean,  N.  of  Raiatea. 

Otahcite,  Society  Islands.    See  Tahiti. 

Otaki,  o-til'kee,  a  market-town  of  Russia,  in  Bessarabia 
on  the  Dniester,  3  miles  S.  of  Mohcelev.     Pop.  1570. 

Otavalo,  o-t&-v&'Io,  Otabalo,  o-t&-ii&'lo,  or  Oto< 
valo,  o-to-vi'lo,  a  town  of  Ecuador,  30  miles  N.  of  Quito 
It  was  ruined  by  an  earthquake  in  1868,  at  which  time  i 
had  7000  inhabitants,  of  whom  6000  perished  outright,  aii 
not  a  building  was  left  standing. 

Otchakov,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Ociiakov. 

Otea,  o-t4'&,  or  Great  llarrier  Inland,  in  tin 
South  Pacific  Ocean,  off  the  N.E.  coast  of  New  Zoalaml 
at  the  E.  entrance  of  Hauraki  Gulf.  It  is  about  20  miluti 
long  from  N.  to  S.,  by  8  miles  broad. 

Ote'go,  a  township  of  Fayette  co..  111.     Pop.  903. 

Otego,  a  station  in  Elko  oo.,  Nov.,  on  the  Central  Pa. 
oific  Railroad,  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Wells. 

Otego,  a  post-village  in  Otego  township,  Otsego  oo, 
N.Y.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  .\lbany  i 
Susquehanna  Railroad,  52  miles  E.N.E.  of  Biii^haiiiton,an( 
about  22  miles  S.E.  of  Norwich.  It  has  a  bank,  a  gradec 
school,  a  flouring-mill,  and  5  churches.  Pop.  about  800 
The  township  contains  also  Otsdawa,  and  a  pop.  of  1972, 

Otego  Creek,  New  York,  runs  southward  in  Otsegc 
CO.,  and  enters  the  Susquehanna  River  near  Onconta. 

Otero,  o-ti'ro,  a  post-village  of  Colfax  co..  Now  Mez 
ico,  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad.  It  hu 
a  church  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  500. 

Othel'lo,  a  hamlet  of  Olmsted  co.,  Minn.,  about  12 
miles  N.W.  of  Rochester. 

Othello,  a  post-office  and  landing  of  Tunica  co.,  Miss., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  18  miles  W.  of  Hernando. 

Othieri,  a  town  of  Sardinia.     See  Ozieui. 

O'tho,  a  post-office  of  Henry  co.,  Ala. 

Otho,  a  post-office  in  Otho  township,  Webster  co.,  Iowa, 
about  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Fort  Dodge.  The  township  is 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Des  Moines  River,  and  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Des  Moines  &  Fort  Dodge  Railroad.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  479.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Othrys,  a  mountain-range  of  Greece.     See  IlEiiLOVO. 

O'tis,  a  post-village  in  New  Durham  township,  La 
Porte  CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago 
Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  49 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Chicago,  and  8i  miles  S.  of  Michigan  City. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Otis,  a  post-township  of  Hancock  co.,  Me.,  18  miles 
S.E.  of  Bangor.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  2-46. 

Otis,  a  post-hamlet  in  Otis  township,  Berkshire  CO., 
Mass.,  about  22  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pittsflold.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  855. 

Otis,  township.  Yellow  Medicine  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  148. 

Otis,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co..  Neb. 

Otis'co,  a  post-village  of  Clarke  co.,  Ind.,  on  a  branch 
of  the  Ohio  A  Mississippi  Railroad,  20  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Jeffersonville.     It  has  3  churches. 

Otisco,  a  post-hamlet  in  Otisco  township,  Ionia  co., 
Mich.,  on  Flat  River,  about  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Grand 
Rapids,  and  4  miles  S.W.  of  Kiddvillc.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  union  school.     Pop.  of  tho  township,  1084. 

Otisco,  a  post-township  of  Waseca  co.,  Minn.  It  has 
a  church.  Pop.  724.  Otisco  Post-Office  is  on  tho  Lo  Sueur 
River,  about  30  miles  S.E.  of  Mankato. 

Otisco,  a  post-village  in  Otisco  township,  Onondaga 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  a  high  ridge,  about  14  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Syra- 
cuse. The  township  contains  a  village  named  Auiber,  has 
4  churches,  and  a  pop.  of  1534. 

Otisco  Lake,  New  Y^ork,  is  in  Onondaga  co.,  about  15 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Syracuse.  It  is  3  or  4  miles  long,  and  has 
an  average  width  of  half  a  mile. 

Otisco  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y., 
about  18  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Syracuse.     It  has  a  church. 

O'tisflield,  a  post-bamlct  in  Otisfield  township,  Cum- 
berland CO.,  Me.,  about  26  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Portland.  It 
has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1099. 

O'tisville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Iowa  River,  42  miles  E.N.E.  of  Fort  Dodge.  It  is  partly 
in  Vernon  township,  Wright  co.     It  has  a  cheese-factory. 

Otisville,  a  post-village  in  Forest  township,  Genesee 


OTI 


2085 


OTT 


eo.  Mich.,  on  the  Flint  llivcr  division  of  the  Flint  &  Pere 
Marquette  Railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Otter  Lake  Junction, 
and  70  miles  N.N.W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  a  church,  a  lum- 
ber-mill, 8  stores,  a  grist-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  277. 

Otisville,  a  post- village  in  Mount  Hope  township. 
Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  12  miles  N.B.  of 
Port  Jervis,  and  9  miles  W.  of  Middletown.  It  has  2  or  3 
churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  drug-stores.  Pop.  about  500. 
Otivar,  o-te-van',  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
province  and  about  30  miles  from  Granada.     Pop.  1538. 

Ot'ley,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West  Riding, 
on  2  railways,  9i  miles  N.W.  of  Leeds.  The  town  is  beau- 
tifully situated  in  the  vale  of  the  Wharfe.  It  is  well  built, 
iind  has  a  spacious  church,  a  small  grammar-school,  and 
manufactures  of  worsteds  and  woollens.     Pop.  6855. 

OtMey,  a  post-village  in  Summit  township,  Marion  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Keokuk  &  Des  Moines  Railroad,  about  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Pella.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school, 
and  a  Hour-mill.  Pop.  176. 
Ot'o,  a  post-office  of  Talladega  co.,  Ala. 
Oto,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVoodbury  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Little  Sioux  River,  about  32  miles  S.E.  of  Sioux  City.  It 
lias  a  grist-mill  and  a  woollen-factory. 
Oto,  a  post-office  of  Stone  co..  Mo. 
O'toe,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Nebraska,  bordering 
on  Iowa,  has  an  area  of  609  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  Missouri  River,  and  drained  by  the  Little 
Nemaha  River  and  several  affluents  of  that  stream.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and 
groves  of  oak,  hickory,  walnut,  Ac.  The  soil  is  deep,  cal- 
careous, and  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay, 
barley,  potatoes,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  The 
prairies  of  this  county  are  more  extensive  than  the  wood- 
land. Limestone  is  abundant  here.  This  county  ia  inter- 
sected by  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  the 
Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  and  the  Missouri 
Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Nebraska  City.  Pop.  in  1870, 
12,345;  in  1880,  15,727;  in  1890,  25,403. 

Otoe  Agency,  a  post-office  of  Gage  co.,  Neb.,  on  the 
Big  Blue  River,  about  60  miles  S.  of  Lincoln.     Here  is  an 
Indian  village  of  the  Otoe  and  Missouria  tribes. 
Otomacos.    See  Ottomacs. 
Otoo,  or  Otoii,  New  Zealand.    See  Cape  North. 
Otoque,  o-to'ki,  a  small  island  in  the  Bay  of  Panama, 
I'acitic  Ocean.     Lat.  8°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  80°  20'  W. 
Otovalo,  a  town  of  Ecuador.     See  Otavalo. 
Otranto,   o-trin'to   (Fr.   Otrante,  oHrfist' ;    anc.  Hy- 
dnm'tum),  a  seaport  town  of  Italy,  on  the  Strait  of  Otranto, 
opposite  Cape  Linguetta  (in   Albania),  province   and   22 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Lecce.     Lat.  40°  9'  N. ;   Ion.  18°  29' 
B.    It  has  an  ancient  cathedral,  an  archbishop's  palace, 
and  some  Roman  antiquities.     In  1480  it  was  sacked  by 
the  Turks.     Its  harbor  is  deep  and  good.     Pop.  2092. 
Otranto,  a  province  of  Italy.     See  Lecce. 
Otran'to,  a  post-hamlet  in  Otranto  township,  Mitchell 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Cedar  River,  about  15  miles  S.  of  Austin, 
Minn.    It  has  a  church.     The  township  contains  the  vil- 
lage of  Mona,  and  a  pop.  of  834. 

Otranto,  a  station  in  Charleston  co.,  S.C,  on  the  North- 
eastern Railroad,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Charleston. 

Otranto  Station,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad. 

Otrar,  ot-rar',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia,  in  Ferghana, 
on  the  Jaxartes,  50  miles  W.  of  Toorkistan.  Lat.  44°  N. ; 
Ion.  67°  E. 

Otricoli,  o-troe'Ko-le,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Umbria,  25 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Spoleto,  on  a  hill  beside  the  Tiber.  Near 
it  are  the  remains  of  the  ancient  Ocric'ulum.  Pop.  1496. 
OtschakOAV,  a  town  of  Russia.  See  Ochakov. 
Ots^da'wa,  a  post-village  in  Otego  township,  Otsego 
;o.,  N.Y.,  about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Cooperstown.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Otse'go,  a  beautiful  lake  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  is  partly 
surrounded  by  high  hills  and  picturesque  scenery.  It  is 
about  9  miles  long,  with  an  average  width  of  li  miles,  and 
is  1193  feet  higher  than  the  level  of  the  sea.  Cooperstown 
is  situated  at  the  S.  end  of  this  lake.  Its  outlet  is  the 
Susquehanna  River,  which  rises  in  this  vicinity. 

Otsego,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Michigan,  has  an 
area  of  540  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Au  Sable 
and  Cheboygan  Rivers,  which  rise  in  it.  The  surface  is 
undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with  forests 
and  small  lakes.  The  soil  is  fertile.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  which  connects 
with  Gay  lord,  the  capital.  P.  in  1880, 1974 ;  in  1890,  4272. 
Otsego,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  New  York, 
has  au  area  of  about  966  square  miles.     It  is  bounded  on 


the  W,  by  the  Unadilla  lliver,  and  is  drained  by  the  Sus- 
quehanna River,  which  rises  in  Otsego  Lake  in  this  county, 
also  by  Charlotte  River  and  Butternut  and  Sehenevus 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  high,  broad  ridges 
and  long,  deep  valleys  which  are  mostly  rather  wide.  For- 
ests of  the  oak,  sugar-maple,  ash,  beech,  elm,  and  other 
trees  cover  nearly  one-fourth  of  its  area,  viz.,  143,817  acres. 
The  soil  is  adapted  to  pasturage  and  dairy-farming.  Hay, 
butter,  oats,  hops;  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  potatoes  are  the 
staple  products.  Sandstone  and  corniferous  limestone  (De- 
vonian) underlie  part  of  this  county.  Among  its  other 
minerals  is  fine  Onondaga  limestone,  a  good  building-stone. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Delaware  &  Hudson  Canal  Com- 
pany's Railroad  and  the  Cooperstown  A  Charlotte  Valley 
Railroad.  The  New  York,  Ontario  A  Western  Railroad 
touches  its  S.W.  corner,  and  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  A 
Western  Railroad  penetrates  its  N.  boundary.  Capital, 
Cooperstown.  Pop.  in  1880,  51,397;  in  1,890,  50,861. 
Otsego,  a  township  of  Steuben  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1318. 
Otsego,  Fayette  co.,  Iowa.  See  Oelwein. 
Otsego,  a  post-village  in  Otsego  township,  Allegan  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Kalamazoo  River,  and  on  the  Kalamazoo  di- 
vision of  the  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  10  miles  S.E.  of 
Allegan,  and  43  miles  S.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  6  churches, 
a  banking-house,  3  flouring-mills,  a  saw-mill,  a  chair-fac- 
tory, a  woollen-mill,  a  hoc-factory,  Ac.  Pop.  994;  of  thet 
township,  2118.     Here  are  magnetic  springs. 

Otsego,  a  post-hamlet  in  Otsego  township,  Wright  co., 
Minn.,  on  the  Mississippi  lliver,  3  miles  from  Elk  River 
Station,  and  about  26  miles  N.W.  of  Minneapolis.  It  has 
2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  637. 

Otsego,  a  township  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  4470.  It 
contains  Cooperstown,  Fly  Creek,  Oaksville,  and  Toddsville. 
Otsego,  a  post-hamlet  in  Monroe  townshi)>,  Muskin- 
gum CO.,  0.,  about  20  miles  N.B.  of  Zanesville.  Pop.  111. 
Otsego,  a  post-hamlet  in  Otsego  township,  Columbia 
CO.,  Wis.,  2  miles  from  Doylestown  Station  of  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  and  about  18  miles  S.E.  of 
Portage  City.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1442. 

Otsego  Lake,  a  post-village  in  Otsego  Lake  township, 
Otsego  CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Jackson,  Lansing  A  Saginaw 
Railroad,  107  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Bay  City.  It  has  a  news- 
paper office,  a  church,  and  2  lumber-mills.  It  is  on  the 
beautiful  Otsego  Lake,  which  is  5  miles  long.  Pine  timber 
abounds  in  this  vicinity.  Pop.  of  the  township  in  1880, 
596;  in  1890,  641. 

Otse'lic,  a  small  river  of  New'York,  rises  in  Madison 
CO.,  runs  in  a  S.S.W.  direction  through  the  cos.  of  Chenango 
and  Cortland,  and  enters  the  Tioghnioga  River  about' 16 
miles  N.  of  Bitighamton. 

Otseiic,  a  post-village  in  Otselic  township,  Chenango 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  and  1  mile  from 
Otselio  Station  on  the  Auburn  Branch  of  the  Midland  Rail- 
road, 18  miles  N.W.  of  Norwich.  It  has  several  churches. 
Pop.  about  125;  of  the  township,  1567. 

Otselic  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Otselic  township, 
Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  about  34  miles  S.E.  of  Syracuse.     It  is 
on  a  branch  of  the  Midland  Railroad.     It  has  a  church, 
Otshakov,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Ochakov. 
Ott,  a  post-office  of  Coos  co.,  Oregon. 
Ottaiauo,  Ottajano,  ot-td-yi'no,  or  Ottojano, 
ot-to-yi'no  (anc.  Octavia'num  f),  a  town  of  Italy,  at  the 
N.E.  foot  of  Vesuvius,  12  miles  E.  of  Naples.     Pop.  4111. 

Ottakring,  ot't4-kring\  written  also  Ottokrin,  oi . 
Aderkling,  a  town  of  Austria,  3  miles  W.  of  Vienna. 
Pop.  21,629. 

Otta  Quechcc,  a  river  of  Vermont.     See  Queciiee. 
Ottawa,  ot'ta-w4,  a  smiill  river  of  Ohio,  in  Lucas  co., 
runs  E.,  and  enters  Lake  Erie  6  miles  N.E.  of  Toledo. 

Ottawa,  ot'ta-wa,a  large  river  of  Canada,  rises  near  lat. 
48°  30'  N.  and  lo'n.  80°  W.  It  runs  nearly  southeastward, 
and  forms  the  boundary  between  Ontario  and  Quebec.  Below 
the  city  of  Ottawa  it  flows  eastward,  and  enters  the  St. 
Lawrence  River  about  25  miles  above  Montreal.  Its  length 
is  estimated  at  700  miles.  Its  navigation  is  obstructed  by 
rapids  and  cataracts,  but  has  been  improved  by  dams,  Ac. 
At  the  city  of  Ottawa  this  river  presents  a  cataract,  called 
Chaudiere  Falls.  The  Ottawa  is  the  channel  of  a  very 
large  trade  in  lumber  (which  is  cut  on  its  banks),  and  is 
connected  with  Lake  Ontario  by  the  Ridcau  Canal. 

Ottawa,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an 
area  of  720  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Solomon  ' 
and  Saline  Rivers,  which  run  southeastward.  The  surface  is 
undulating  or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  cattle,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
contains  extensive  prairies,  among  which  groves  are  dis- 
tributed along  the  rivers  and  creeks.    Capital,  Minneapolis, 


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JB  the  Solomon  River.     Pop.  in  1870,  2137;  in  1875,4429; 
in  1K77,  5489;  in  1880,  I0,;lu7;  in  18U0,  12,581. 

Ottawa,  »  ODunty  in  the  W.  part  uf  Michij^an,  has  an 
arwi  of  570  8quare  uiilea.  It  in  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Lake 
Michigan,  and  intersected  by  Grand  River,  which  runs  in 
a  N.W.  direction  through  tho  county  and  enters  Laico  Mich- 
igan, and  partly  drained  by  lilaolc  River.  The  surfiico  is 
vndulating,  and  a  largo  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests 
of  pine,  HugHr  maple,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  butter,  and  potatoes  are  the 
■laple  products.  Lumber  is  the  chief  article  of  export. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Detroit,  Grand  Ilavon  A 
Milwaulceo  Railroad,  the  Chicago  A  West  Michigan  Rail- 
road, and  the  Grand  Rapids  A  Indiana  Railroad.  Capital, 
Grand  Haven.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,651;  in  1874,  2<J,92U ;  in 
1880,  :{:<,126;  in  1890,  35,358. 

Ottawa,  a  county  in  tho  N.  part  of  Ohio,  borders  on 
Lake  Krie.  Area,  about  311  square  wiles.  It  is  partly 
bounded  on  the  8.  by  S.indusky  Ray,  and  is  intersected  by 
Portage  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  beech,  elm,  hickory, 
white  oak,  itc.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
hay,  oats,  and  wine  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its 
minerals  is  Silurian  limestone.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan  Southern  Ruilroad  and  the 
Wheeling  A  Lake  Erie  Railroad.  Capital,  Port  Clinton. 
Pop.  in  1870,  13,364;  in  1880,  19.762;  in  1890,  21,974. 

Ottawa,  a  eounty  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Quebec.  Area, 
5705  square  miles.  The  Ottawa  River  forms  its  S.  and  S.W. 
boundary.  This  county  is  watered  by  the  rivers  Petit 
Nation,  Lidvre,  Gatineau,  and  many  small  streams.  Capi- 
Ul,  Hull.     Pop.  37,892. 

Ottawa,  a  city,  the  capital  of  La  Salle  co.,  111.,  is 
situated  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Illinois  River,  just  below 
the  mouth  of  the  Fox  River,  83  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chicago, 
and  98  miles  £.  of  Rook  Island.  It  is  on  the  Chicago, 
Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Railroad,  and  on  the  Fox  River  Lino 
of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  A  Quincy  Railroad.  It  is  also 
connected  with  Chicago  by  the  Illinois  &  Michigan  Canal, 
and  has  ah  extensive  trade  in  grain  and  other  products. 
This  city  is  lighted  with  gas,  and  contains  a  court-house,  8 
churches,  a  high  school,  2  or  3  national  banks,  1  other 
bank,  several  large  public  school-houses,  and  printing- 
offices  which  i.ssue  3  or  4  weekly  newspapers.  It  has  cutlery- 
works,  3  flouring-mills,  a  glass-faotory,  2  cigar-factories,  2 
planing-mills,  a  manufactory  of  starch,  and  one  of  farming- 
implements.  Pop.  in  1860,  6541;  in  1870,  7736;  in  188u, 
7834;  in  1890,9985. 

Ottawa,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Franklin  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Osage  River,  and  on  the  Leavenworth,  Lawrence  A  Gal- 
veston Railroad,  27  miles  S.  of  Lawrence,  25  miles  N.  of  Gar- 
nett,  and  53  miles  S.W.  of  Kansas  City.  A  branch  of  the 
railroad  above  named  extends  from  this  place  northeast- 
ward to  Olathe  and  Kansas  City,  and  another  railroad  ex- 
tends to  Burlington.  It  has  a  court-house,  6  churches, 
an  institution  called  Ottawa  University,  large  machine- 
shops  of  the  Leavenworth,  Lawrence  A  Galveston  Railroad, 
2  newspaper  offices,  a  higti  school,  2  national  banks,  a  fine 
public  park,  2  flouring-mills,  a  foundry,  amd  manufactures 
of  carriages,  furniture,  and  soap.  The  river  is  here  crossed 
by  a  suspension-bridge  and  a  railroad-bridge.  Coal  abounds 
here.     Pop.  in  1880,  4032;  in  1890,  6248. 

Ottawa,  a  township  of  Ottawa  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  489. 
Post-office,  Coal  Creek. 

Ottawa,  a  post-village  in  Ottawa  township,  Le  Sueur 
CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  Minnesota  River,  and  on  the  St.  Paul 
A  Sioux  City  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  St.  Peter.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  533. 

Ottawa,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Putnam  co.,  0.,  in 
Ottawa  township,  on  Blanchard's  Fork  of  the  Auglaize 
River,  and  on  the  Dayton  A  Michigan  Railrosul,  20  miles 
N.  of  Lima,  and  51  miles  S.S.W.  of  Toledo.  It  has  a  high 
school,  2  banks,  ai  newspaper  office,  4  churches,  and  manu- 
factories of  sash,  blinds,  hubs,  spokes,  Ac.  Pop.  in  1890, 
1717;  of  the  township,  3381. 

Ottawa,  a  post-hamlet  in  Ottawa  township,  Waukesha 
CO.,  Wis.,  about  33  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Milwaukee.  The 
township  has  3  churches  and  a  cheese-factory.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  893. 

Ot'tawa,  a  city  of  Ontario,  capital  of  the  Dominion  of 
Canada  and  of  Carleton  co.,  is  beautifully  situated  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Ottawa  River,  at  the  convergence  of  sev- 
eral railways,  120  miles  W.N.W.  of  Montreal,  425  miles 
from  Boston,  and  469  miles  from  New  York.  It  is  one  of 
the  most  flourishing  cities  of  Ontario,  being  the  entrepdt 
of  the  great  lumber-trade  of  the  Ottawa  River,  which  here 


forms  the  splendid  Chaudidre  Falls  (200  yards  wide  mil 
40  feet  high),  nnd,  with  its  tributary,  the  Gatiiicuu,  «ii|. 
plies   the    motive-power   for   the    nuinerouH    luiiibor-iiiill- 
flour-mills,  factories,  Ac.     The  Ridcau  Canal,  which  «  i 
made  in  1827,  passes  through  the  city,  extending  Ik  ■ 
through  the  Ridouu  Lakes  to  Kingston,  on  Luke  Untai 
Lumbering  is  the  principal   industry   of  Ottawa  un<l 
vicinity,  thousands  of  men,   in   the  winter  seaBon,  lj(ii 
engaged  in  cutting  timber  and  drawing  it  to  the  Ktrci; 
in  readiness  for  the  spring  fre.shets  to  carry  to  tho  Ottau  , 
mills.     The  cut  of  timber  in  some  seasons  is  entiiniitcii  .i 
high  as  800,000,000  feet.    Flour,  iron-ware,  bricks,  leather, 
and  matches  are  also  among  the  manufactures.    Ottawa  has 
numerous  churohoe,   iind    contains  the    residences  «f  the 
governor-general,  the  bishop  of  Ontario  (Church  of  Eng- 
land), and   tho   Roman  Catholic  bishop  of  Ottawa.      The 
educational  facilities  include  a  normal  school,  a  collegiate 
institute  (both   public),  a  large  college  conducted  by  the 
Obliite  Fathers,  a  ladies'  college,  a  musical  ocudeuiy,  an 
art  school,  besides  parish  and  public  schools,  ami  a  well- 
equipped  geological  museum.     The  chief  attraction  is  tint 
government  buildings,  of  sandstone,  on  Barrack  Hill,  15u 
feet  above  the  river,  the  parliament  building  being  .^OO  feet 
in  length,  the  two  department  buildings  375  feet  long,  and 
the  library,  a  beautiful  detached  circular  building,  with  a 
dome  90  feet  high.     The  two  legislative  halls  are  on  each 
side  of  the  library,  but  in  the  main  building.     Tho  build- 
ings cover  nearly  4  acres,  and  cost  about  $8,000,000.    Five 
daily  newspapers  are  published  in  Ottawa.     A  fine  suspen- 
sion-bridge spans  the  river  just  above  tho  Chaudidre  Falls. 
The  city  returns  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons, 
and  two  to  the  provincial  legislature.    Pop.  in  1861,  14,669; 
in  1871,  21,645;  in  1881,  31,307;  in  1891,  44,154. 

Ottawa  Creek,  Ohio,  intersects  Allen  co.,  from  which 
it  runs  N.  into  Putnam  oo.,  and  enters  the  Auglaiie  4 
miles  N.W.  of  Kalida.     It  is  nearly  75  miles  long. 

Ottawa  Lake,  a  post- village  of  Monroe  oo.,  Mioh.,oa 
the  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Adrian. 
It  has  a  church,  2  saw-mills,  and  a  manufactory  of  staves 
and  heading.     Here  is  a  lake  2}  miles  long. 

Ottawa  Station,  a  post-office  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  Chicago  A  West  Michigan  Railroad,  about  25  miles 
S.  of  Muskegon. 

Ottenau,  ot'tQh-n5w\  a  village  of  Baden,  circle  of 
Middle  Rhine,  bailiwick  of  Gernsbuch.     Pop.  1276. 

Ottenbach,  ot't^n-b&K^  a  village  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton and  9  miles  S.W.  of  Zurich,  on  tho  Reuss.     Pop.  1196. 

Ottenheim,  ot't^n-hime^  a  town  of  Baden,  circle  of 
iliddlo  Rhine,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Lahr,  on  the  Rhine.  P.  1523. 

Ottensen,ot't9n-s^n,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Holstein, 
forming  a  suburb  of  Hamburg,  2  miles  W.  of  Altona.  It 
contains  many  summer  residences  of  Altona  and  Hamburg 
merchants.     Pop.  12,406. 

Ottenstein,  ot't^n-stine^  a  town  of  Brunswick,  on  the 
Weser.     Pop.  1315. 

Ot'ter,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Devon,  enters  the 
English  Channel  W.  of  Sidmouth.     Total  length,  24  miles. 

Otter,  a  river  of  Rhenish  Bavaria,  joins  the  Rhine. 

Ot'ter,  a  post-office  of  La  Salle  co.,  111.,  7  miles  N.B. 
of  Streator. 

Otter,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa.     Pop,  909. 

Otter,  a  township  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  427.  11 
is  reputed  to  have  bods  of  coal  and  of  zinc  ore. 

Otterbach,  ot't^r-b&K^  (O'ber  and  Nieder,  nee'd^r), 
two  contiguous  villages  of  Rhenish  Bavaria,  on  the  Otter, 
S.  of  Landau.  Pop.  of  Ober  Otterbach,  1302;  of  Nieder 
Otterbach,  369. 

Otterbein,  ot't§r-bine,  a  post-village  of  Benton  co., 
Ind.,  in  Bolivar  township,  on  the  Lafayette  A  Bloomington 
Railroad,  about  18  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lafayette.  It  has  a 
church,  an  elevator  for  grain,  and  about  30  houses. 

Otterberg,  ot't^r-bfinG',  a  town  of  Rhenish  Bavaria, 
33  miles  N.W.  of  Speyer.  Pop.  2057.  It  has  manufactures 
of  woollen  cloth  and  leather,  and  trade  in  cattle. 

Otterbeuren,  a  town  of  Bavaria,    See  Ottobeiirbm. 

Ot'terburn,  a  township  of  England,  co.  of  Northum- 
berland, 20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Hexham,  About  half  a  mile 
from  the  village  is  an  obelisk,  marking  the  spot  whore  Earl 
Douglas  fell  in  the  battle  of  Chevy  Chase,  in  1 388. 

Ot'terburn,  a  post-village  in  Temiscouata  co.,  Quebec, 
on  the  Madawaska  road,  and  on  the  railroad  from  Freder- 
ioton  to  Rividre  du  Loup,  60  miles  from  Rividre  du  Loup 
en  bcu,  and  17  miles  from  Edmundston,  New  Brunswick. 

Ot'ter  Creek,  Illinois,  runs  southwestward  through 
Macoupin  co.,  and  enters  Macoupin  Creek. 

Otter  Creek.  Indiana,  enters  the  Wabash  Rtvcr  from 
the  E,  about  8  miles  N,  of  Terre  Haute, 


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Otter  Creek,  Kansas,  runs  eastward,  and  enters  Fall 
River  in  the  S.  part  of  Greenwood  co. 

Otter  Creek,  Missouri.    See  Loutre. 

Otter  Creek,  Texas,  flows  into  Trinity  River  from  the 
N.  in  Anderson  co. 

Otter  Creek,  Vermont,  rises  near  the  N.  border  of 
Bennington  co.,  and  runs  nearly  northward,  with  a  small 
deviation  to  the  W.  It  intersects  the  cos.  of  Rutland  and 
Addison,  and  enters  Lake  Champlain  7  miles  below  Ver- 
gennes.  It  is  about  110  miles  long.  The  chief  towns  on 
its  banks  are  Rutland,  Middlebury,  and  Vergennes. 

Otter  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Levy  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
Florida  Central  &  Peninsular  Railroad,  34  miles  S.W.  of 
Gainesville,  and  21  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cedar  Keys.  It  has 
2  churches. 

Otter  Creek,  Jersey  co..  III.    See  Otterville, 

Otter  Creek,  township.  La  Salle  co..  111.     Pop.  1009. 

Otter  Creek,  a  township  of  Ripley  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  1637. 
It  contains  Ilolton  and  Poston. 

Otter  Creek,  a  township  of  Vigo  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1269. 

Otter  Creek,  township,  Crawford  co.,  Iowa.   Pop.  361. 

Otter  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa, 
J8  miles  S.  of  Dubuque.     Pop.  886. 

Otter  Creek,  a  township  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  798. 

Otter  Creek,  a  township  of  Lucas  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  710. 

Otter  Creek,  township,  Tama  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1043. 

Otter  Creek,  a  township  of  Greenwood  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  588. 

Otter  Creek,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Hardin  co., 
Ky.,  on  the  Louisville,  Paducah  &  Southwestern  Railroad, 
38  miles  S.S.W.  of  Louisville. 

Otter  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  18 
miles  N.W.  of  Jackson.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Otter  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rutherford  co.,  N.C., 
16  miles  S.  of  Marion.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  tannery. 

Otter  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  about 
28  miles  N.  of  New  Castle.     Pop.  660. 

Otter  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Eau  Claire  co..  Wis.,  in 
Otter  Creek  township,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Eau  Claire.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  959. 

Otter  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Bruce  co.,  Ontario,  5 
miles  from  Walkerton.     Pop.  150. 

Otter  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co.,  Va.,  6  miles  S. 
of  Lowry  Station. 

Otter  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Pottawatomie  co.,  Kansas. 

Otter  Lake,  a  post-village  in   Marathon   township, 
1  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Detroit  &  Bay  City  Railroad,  at 
I  its  junction  with  a  branch  of  the  Flint  <fc  Pere  Marquette 
:  Railroad,  36  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bay  City.     It  has  a  shingle- 
mill  and  a  lumber-mill.    Silexine,  used  for  polishing  metals, 
is  found  near  this  place. 

Otter  Lake,  or  Pick'anock,  a  post-village  in  Pon- 
tiac  CO.,  Quebec,  35  miles  N.  of  Sand  Point,  Ontario.    P.  500. 

Otter  Lake  Junction,  a  station  in  Genesee  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Flint  &  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Flint  River  Branch,  4  miles  N.  of  Flint, 
and  15  miles  S.AV.  of  Otter  Lake. 

Otterndorf,  ot't^rn-donr,  a  town  of  Hanover,  28 
miles  N.W.  of  Stade.     Pop.  1800. 

Otter  Peaks,  Virginia.    See  Peaks  op  Otter. 

Otter  Kiver,  of  Missouri.    See  Loutre. 

Otter  River,  Virginia,  rises  at  the  base  of  the  Peaks 
of  Otter,  runs  southeastward  through  Bedford  co.,  and  enters 
the  Staunton  River  in  Campbell  co. 

Otter  River,  a  post-village  in  Templeton  township, 
Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Vermont  &  Massachusetts  Rail- 
road, about  16  miles  W.  of  Fitchburg.  It  has  a  church, 
and  manufactures  of  blankets,  stoves,  <fec. 

Otter  River,  a  post-office  of  Campbell  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Midland  Railroad,  21  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Lynchburg. 

Otter  Run,  a  post-office  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa. 

Ottersberg,  ot'ters-biKG\  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Han- 
over, 15  miles  E.N.E."  of  Bremen.     Pop.  1325. 

Otter's  Creek,  a  township  of  Edgecombe  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  651. 

Otter  Tail,  a  county  in  the  \7.  part  of  Minnesota,  has 
an  area  of  2200  square  miles.     It  is  intersected  by  the  Red 
River  of  the  North,  and  also  drained  by  the  Leaf  and  Peli- 
can Rivers.     The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  iinely  di- 
j  versified  with  prairies,  numerous  lakes,  and  forests  of  the 
I  Wik,  ash,  sugar-maple,  and  other  trees.     Near  the  middle 
\  of  the  county  is  Otter  Tail  Lake,  about  12  miles  long.    The 
soil  is  very  fertile.     Wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  potatoes  are  the 
staple  products.     This  county  is  intersected  by  the  North- 
ern  Pacific  Railroad   and  the  Great  Northern   Railroad, 
«  which  connect  at  Fergus  Falls,  the  capital.     Pop.  in  1870, 
;  1968;  in  1880,  18,675;  in  1890,  34,232. 


Otter  Tail  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Otter  Tail  oo, 
Minn.,  is  on  the  E.  shore  of  the  lake  of  the  same  name, 
about  70  miles  E.S.E.  of  Moorhead. 

Otter  Tail  Lake,  Minnesota,  near  the  middle  of 
Otter  Tail  co.,  is  nearly  12  miles  long,  and  is  situated  in  a 
beautiful  undulating  country,  which  is  diversified  by  fer- 
tile prairies  and  groves  of  oak,  ash,  and  maple.  The  water 
is  good.  Its  outlet  is  the  Red  River  of  the  North,  which 
enters  the  N.E.  end  and  issues  from  the  S.W.  extremity  of 
the  lake. 

Ot'tervale,  a  post-office  of  Vernon  co..  Wis. 

Otter  View,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co.,  Va. 

Otter  Village,  a  decayed  village  of  Ripley  co.,  Ind., 
in  Otter  Creek  township,  2  miles  N.  of  Poston. 

Ot'terville,or  Otter  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Jersey 
CO.,  111.,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Jerseyville,  and  about  18  miles 
N.W.  of  Alton.     It  has  3  churches,  a  grist-mill,  itc. 

Otterville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Buchanan  co.,  Iowa,  4 
miles  N.W.  of  Independence.     It  has  a  church  and  a  mill. 

Otterville,  apost-village  in  Otterville  township.  Cooper 
CO.,  Mo.,  1  mile  from  the  Lamine  River,  and  on  the  Mis- 
souri Pacific  Railroad,  13  miles  E.  of  Sedalia.  It  has  a 
graded  school,  6  dry -goods  stores,  6  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  ploughs,  furniture,  and  wagons.     Pop.  about  600. 

Otterville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  co.,  Va.,  8  miles 
N.  of  Liberty. 

Ot'terville,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  co.,  Ontario,  situ 
ated  on  Otter  Creek,  22  miles  S.S.E.  of  Woodstock.  It  eon- 
tains  several  grist-  and  saw-mills,  a  woollen-factory,  match-, 
shingle-,  lath-,  and  cheese-factories,  <fcc.,  and  a  number  of 
stores,  find  has  a  large  lumber-trade.     Pop.  750. 

Ot'tery  Saint  Mary,  a  town  and  parish  of  England, 
CO.  of  Devon,  on  the  Otter,  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Exeter. 
Pop.  4110.  It  h.as  a  fine  ancient  church,  a  small  grammar- 
school,  and  manufactures  of  silk  and  ropes. 

Ottiglio,  ot-teel'yo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Alessandria,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Casale.     Pop.  2162. 

Ottignies,  otHeen^yee',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Bra- 
bant, 19  miles  S.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1110. 

Ottmachau,  ott'miK-6w\  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
37  miles  W.S.W.  of  Oppeln,  on  the  Neisse.     Pop.  3484. 

Ot'to,  a  post-hamlet  in  Isabel  township,  Fulton  co., 
111.,  7  miles  W.  of  Havana. 

Otto,  a  township  of  Kankakee  co.,  Ilh     Pop.  1356. 

Otto,  a  post-office  of  Clarke  co.,  Ind. 

Otto,  a  post-office  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas. 

Otto,  a  township  of  Oceana  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  128. 

Otto,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pope  co.,  Minn.,  in  a  fertile 
prairie,  25  miles  W.  of  Melrose. 

Otto,  or  Wa'verly,  a  post-village  in  Otto  township, 
Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  from  Cattaraugus  Station, 
and  about  30  miles  N.E.  of  Jamestown.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  foundry,  a  grist-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  cheese-factory. 
Pop.  about  300;  of  the  township,  1091. 

Otto,  a  township  of  McKean  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  268. 

Otto,  a  station  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  15  miles 
W.  of  Cheyenne,  Wyoming. 

Ottobeuren,  ot'to-boi'r?n,  or  Otterbeuren,  ot't^r- 
boi*r?n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  40  miles  S.W.  of  Augsburg. 

Ottobiauo,  ot-to-be-S,'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  6  miles  S. 
of  Mortara.     Pop.  2573. 

Ot'tobine,  a  post-office  of  Rockingham  co.,  Va. 

Ottojano,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Ottaiano. 

Otto'kee,  a  post-village  in  Dover  township,  Fulton  co., 
0.,  4  miles  N.  of  AVauseon,  and  32  miles  W.  of  Toledo.  It 
has  a  church.    The  Fulton  county  infirmary  is  located  here. 

Ottokrin,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Ottakring. 

Ottomacs,  or  Ottomaqucs,  ot'to-miks'  (Sp.  Oto- 
macos,  o-to-mU'koce),  a  degraded  and  ferocious  race  of  In- 
dians in  the  W.  part  of  Venezuela. 

Ottoman  Empire.    See  Turkey. 

Ottone,  ot-to'nd,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  25 
miles  N.E.  of  Genoa,  near  the  Trebbia.     Pop.  4393. 

Ot'toville,  ahamlet  in  Monterey  township,  Putnam  oo., 
0.,  6  miles  N.  of  Delphos.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a 
planing-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.   Here  is  Dog  Creek  Post-Office. 

Otts  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Livingston  parish.  La. 

Otts'ville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Tiuicum  township,  Bucks 
CO.,  Pa.,  40  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.     It  has  a  church. 

Ottumwa,  ot-tiim'wa,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Wapello 
CO.,  Iowa,  is  situated  on  the  left  or  N.E.  bank  of  the  Dea 
Moines  River,  which  affords  abundant  water-power  at  this 
place,  and  on  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad, 
where  it  crosses  the  Keokuk  &  Des  Moines  Railroad  and  the 
Central  Iowa  Railroad,  75  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Burlington, 
75  miles  W.N.W.  of  Keokuk,  and  86  miles  E.S.E.  of  Dei 
Moines.    It  is  also  the  northern  terminus  of  a  branch  of 


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the  St.  Loui«,  Kansas  CItj  k  Northern  Railroad.  An  iron 
ruilroiid-hriilge  crosses  the  river  here.  Ottuinwa  conliiins 
n  ciiurt-liuu.io,  10  ohurohes,  a  high  sohool,  2  nationiil  banl(8, 
a  buRincM  oollege,  a  woollon-iuill,  a  wanufaotory  of  farm- 
lng-iiu|ilements,  several  iron-worlts,  and  printing-offices 
which  itisue  2  daily  and  6  weekly  newspapers.  Valuable 
mines  of  coal  have  been  opened  near  this  oltj.  Pop.  in 
1870.  3214:  in  18S0,  V004 ;  in  1890,  14,001. 

Ottuniwa,  u  post-village  of  Coffey  oo.,  Kansas,  in  Ot- 
tumwa  townsliip,  on  tho  Neosho  River,  about  7  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Burlington,  and  26  miles  K.S.E.  of  Emporia. 
It  is  nearly  3  miles  N.E.  of  the  railroad  which  connects 
those  towns.  It  has  a  high  sohool  and  a  broom-factory. 
I'ou.  26.'i :  of  tho  township,  758. 

Ott'villet  u  hamlet  of  Bureau  oo.,  III.,  about  9  miles 
W.  of  La  Siille. 

Ottweiler,  ott'^^ri^r,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  33 
miles  S.E.  of  Treves.     Pop.  4639. 

Otumba,  o-toom'b&,  a  village  of  Mexico,  state  and  35 
miles  N.E.  of  Mexico. 

Otura,  o-too'r&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  province 
and  S.  of  Granada.     Pop.  1304. 

Ot'wny^  a  post-office  of  Scioto  co.,  0. 

Ot'well,  a  post-village  of  Pii(e  co.,  Ind.,  about  82  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Vinoonnes. 

Ouachita,  or  Washita,  wosh'9-taw',  a  county  in  the 
S.  part  of  Arkansas,  has  an  area  of  about  730  square  miles. 
ItJs  intersected  by  the  Ouachita  River,  is  partly  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  the  Little  Missouri  River,  and  also  drained  by 
Cypress  and  Tulip  Bayous.  The  surface  is  moderately  hilly, 
and  nearly  half  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  ash, 
beech,  hickory,  white  oak.  and  yellow  pine.  It  has  many 
thousand  acres  of  woodland.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton, 
Indian  corn,  cattle,  lumber,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  traversed  by  the  St.  Louis  South- 
western Railroad  and  two  other  railroads.  Capital,  Camden. 
Pop.  in  1870,  12,975;  in  1880,  11,768;  in  1890,  17,»33. 

Ouachita,  or  Washita,  a  parish  in  the  N.  part  of 
Louisiana,  has  an  area  of  about  644  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  tho  Ouachita  River,  which  is  here  navigable 
by  steamboats,  and  the  Bayou  D'Arbonne  enters  the  Oua- 
chita on  the  N.  border  of  this  paHsh.  The  surface  is  hilly, 
and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  oak,  and  other 
trees.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  parish  is  intersected  by 
the  Queen  &  Crescent  Line  and  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Moun- 
tain &  Southern  Railroad.  Capital,  Monroe.  Pop.  in  1870, 
11,582;  in  1880,  14,685;  in  1890,  17,985. 

Ouachita  (or  Washita)  City,  a  post-village  of  Union 

?arish,  La.,  on  the  Ouachita  River,  20  miles  above  Monroe, 
t  has  a  hotel  and  3  stores.     Cotton  is  shipped  hero. 

Ouachita  (or  Washita)  River  rises  in  the  AV.  part 
of  Arkansas,  and  runs  eastward  to  Garland  co.,  which  it  in- 
tersects. It  next  flows  nearly  southeastward  until  it  crosses 
the  southern  boundary  of  Arkansas,  and  enters  Louisiana 
at  the  northeast  extremity  of  Union  parish.  From  this 
point  it  runs  southward,  intersects  the  parishes  of  Ouachita 
and  Caldwell,  and  enters  Red  River  about  20  miles  (in  a 
direct  line)  from  its  mouth.  Its  length  is  aboi^  550  miles. 
Steamboats  can  ascend  it  to  Camden,  Ark.,  nearly  300  miles 
from  its  mouth.  Tho  part  of  this  river  which  is  below  the 
mouth  of  the  Tensas  is  sometimes  called  Black  River. 

Ouaday,  the  French  name  of  WadAt. 

Onad-el-Habid,  Morocco.     See  WAD-EL-IlAniD. 

Ouadi-Noun,  or  Ouady-Noun.    See  Wadinoom. 

Ouad-Medina,  a  town  of  Egypt.  See  Wad-Medina. 

Ouaine,oo'dn',  orOuanne,  oo'inn',  ariverof  France, 
rises  in  Yonne,  and,  after  a  W.  course  of  45  miles,  joins 
the  Loing  near  Montargis. 

Ouaine,  or  Ouanne,  a  town  of  France,  in  Yonne,  at 
the  source  of  the  river  of  the  same  name,  12  miles  S.S.W, 
of  Auxerre.     Pop.  1182. 

Oualan,  Ualan,  oo-&-liln',  or  Strong's  Island, 
also  called  Kousaie  and  Kusai,  koo-s&'ee,  nn  island  in 
tho  Pacific  Ocean,  Carolines.  Mont  Crozet,  2156  feet  in 
height,  is  in  lat.  6°  19'  N.,  Ion.  163°  30'  E.  Length,  about 
10  miles,  by  7  in  breadth.     Pop.  400. 

Ouanlin,  or  Ooanlin,  Manchooria.    See  Wanlin. 

Ouap,  nn  island  of  the  Pacific.    See  Yap. 

Onaquuga,  o-a-kwi'ga,  a  post-hamlet  of  Broome  co., 
N.Y.,on  the  Susquehanna  River,  2i  miles  from  East  Wind- 
sor Station,  and  about  14  miles  E.  of  Binghamton.  It  has 
a  church,  a  saw-mill,  <!tc. 

Ouargia,  wan'gli,  or  War'gla,a  town  of  the  Algerian 
Sahara,  in  the  oasis  of  the  same  name,  92  miles  E.  bj*  N.  of 
Gardaia.  Lat.  32°  6'  N. ;  Ion.  4°  20'  E.  It  is  surrounded  by 
a  ditch  and  a  battlemented  wall  crowned  by  40  two-storied 


forts  and  entered  by  6  gates.  It  contains  a  citadel  and 
several  mo:<quos,  and,  though  very  sickly  and  much  de- 
cayed, is  said  to  have  a  pop.  of  80U0. 

Ouba,  a  river  of  Siberia.     See  Ooba. 

Oubsu  Nor,  a  lake  of  China.    See  Oobsa  Nor. 

Ouch,  or  Ouchi,  a  town  of  Toorkistan.    See  OosR. 

Ouche,  oosh  (anc.  Oi'ea  f),  a  river  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  COte-dOr,  flows  N.E.  and  S.E.  past  Dijon,  and 
joins  the  SaOno  near  Saint-Jcan-de-Losne.  Length,  5(1 
miles.    The  Canal  of  Burgundy  accompanies  it  throughout. 

Ouchc,  an  ancient  districtof  Upper  Normandy,  Frunc», 
now  included  in  the  departments  of  Eure  and  Orno. 

Ouchi,  a  town  of  China.    See  Oocukk. 

Ouchitza,  a  town  of  Poland.    See  Ooshitsa. 

Ouchouganat,  oo'shoo-g4-nfi,t'  (?),  or  Mount  Saint 
Augustine,  s^nt  aw'gus-teen^  an  island  of  tho  Nortli 
Pacific  Ocean,  oil  Alaska.     Lat.  59°  22'  N. ;  Ion.  153°  W. 

Ouchy,  oo'shee',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Vaud,  on  the  Lake  of  Geneva,  immediately  S.  of  Lausanne. 

Oucques,  ook,  a  village  of  France,  in  Loir-ct-Cher,  16 
miles  N.  of  Blois.     Pop.  1648. 

Ouda,  a  river  of  Siberia.    See  Ooda. 

Oudubad,  a  town  of  Russia.    SeeOnnuDAD. 

Oudai,  a  river  of  Russia.    Sec  Oudai. 

Oudunulla,  oo-d&-nai'l&,  or  Udhanala,  a  small 
town  of  British  India,  Bengal,  on  the  Ganges,  6  miles 
S.  of  Rajmahal.  Lat.  24°  46'  N. ;  Ion.  87°  52'  E.  Hero 
Cossim  Ali  Khan  erected  extensive  military  works,  forced 
by  tho  British  in  1764. 

Ouday,  a  kingdom  of  Africa.    See  WadAt. 

Oude,  owd  (native,  Ayodhya,  i-yod'h'yi),  a  former 
kingdom  of  India,  lat.  25°  20'  to  30°  N.,  Ion.  79°  40'  to  82° 
30'  E.,  bounded  N.  by  Nepaul,  and  elsewhere  surrounded 
by  the  North- West  Provinces.  Length  of  the  kingdom  from 
N.  to  S.,  about  230  miles;  greatest  breadth,  ISO  miles; 
area,  24,069  square  miles.  The  surface  is  mostly  level,  anil 
highly  fertile  ;  it  is  watered  by  the  Goggra,  Goomty,  Sye, 
and  other  tributaries  of  the  Ganges.  Wheat,  barley,  rice, 
sugar,  indigo,  and  others  of  the  richest  products  of  India 
are  raised  in  large  quantities,  and  in  some  districts  a  vast 
amount  of  nitre  and  other  salts  effloresce  on  the  soil.  Among 
the  inhabitants  are  numerous  Rajpoots,  and  many  of  the 
population  are  Mussulmans,  the  old  ruling  dynasty  being 
Mohammedan.  Oude  was  formerly  a  Mogul  province.  It 
became  subordinate  to  the  British  after  the  battle  of  Kalpec, 
in  1765.  In  1819  the  Vizier  threw  ofi"  his  nominal  depend- 
ence on  the  Mogul  sovereign,  and  assumed  the  title  of  king. 
In  1856,  Oude  was  annexed  to  British  India  and  made  a 
chief  commissionership,  which  in  1877  was  merged  in  the 
North- West  Provinces.  Lucknow  was  the  capiUil ;  after 
which  city  the  chief  towns  are  Fyzabad,  Oude,  Bharaich, 
and  Pertaubghur.     Pop.  in  1891,  12,652,730. 

Oude,  or  Ayodhya,  anciently  the  capital  of  the  above 
state,  extends  for  some  distance  along  the  S.  bank  of  the 
Goggra,  hero  crossed  by  an  English  iron  bridge,  77  miles  1 
E.  of  Lucknow.  It  is  large,  and  greatly  venerated  by  | 
Hindoos,  but  much  of  it  is  in  ruins,  and  all  its  chief  edi-  1 
fices  are  Mohammedan.  It  is  now  little  more  than  a  suburb 
of  Fyzabad.     Pop.  9949. 

Oudenarde,  a  town  of  Belgium.    See  Audenardb. 

Oudeubosch,  6w'd?n-bosK\  a  town  of  the  Nether- 1 
lands,  in  North  Brabant,  11  miles  W.  of  Breda.    Pop.  2780. 

Oudenbourg,  ooM6s<»*boon',  a  village  of  Belgium, ; 
in  West  Flanders,  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  1810.  i 

Ouder  Amstel,  Sw'd^r  &m'st?l,  a  town  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, in  North  Holland,  on  tho  Amstel,  4  miles  S.  of  j 
Amsterdam.     Pop.  2031. 

Ouderkerk,  ow'd?r-k5nk\  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, South  Holland,  6  miles  E.  of  Rotterdam.   Pop.  2405. 

Oude  Schild,  Netherlands.    See  Het  Oude  Scuild. 

Oudewater,  Sw'd^h-^iH^r,  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  South  Holland,  on  the  Yssel,  18  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Rotterdam.     Pop.  2312. 

Oudeypour,  India.    See  Odeypoor. 

Oudghir,  owd-gheer'  (anc.  Udayatjhiri),  a  village  of 
India,  dominions  of  Hyderabad,  43  miles  N.N.W.  of  Boeder. 
Lat.  18°  18'  N. ;  Ion.  77°  16'  E. 

Oudinsk,  a  town  of  Siberia.    See  Oodinsk. 

Oudon,  ooMAn"',  a  river  of  France,  in  Mayenne,  joins 
the  Mayenne  10  miles  below  Segr6.     Length,  40  miles. 

Oudshoorn,  Swds'hSnn,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  South  Holland,  on  the  Old  Rhine,  7  miles  E.  of  Leyden. 

Oudskoi,  a  village  of  Siberia.    See  Oodskoi. 

Oued,  a  village  of  Algeria.    See  El  Ouad. 

Ouessant,  island,  France.    See  Ushant. 

Oufa,  a  river  and  town  of  Russia.     See  OoFA. 

Ougein,  a  city  of  Ilindostan.    See  Ooi^vs. 


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_ughterard,  ftHH?r-ard',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and 
fi  miles  N.N.W.  of  Galway,  on  the  W.  shore  of  Lough 
Corrib.     In  the  vicinity  are  inarble-quarrics.     Pop.  871. 

Oughter,  Lough,  Ireland.    See  Lough  Oughter. 

Oii^litch,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Ooglitch. 

Ougra,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Oogra. 

Oiigr6e,  oo'gri',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  3 
miles  by  rail  S.S.W,  of  Liego,  on  the  Meuse.  Pop.  of 
commune,  5459. 

Oiii,  a  river  of  Siberia.     See  Ooi. 

Ouisconsiii,  the  original  name  of  Wisconsin. 

Ouita,  wce'ta,  a  station  in  Pope  co.,  Ark.,  on  the  Little 
Roclc  &  Fort  Smith  Railroad,  2  miles  W.  of  Russellville. 

Ouj,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Oozh. 

Oujak,  a  bay  of  the  Pacific.    See  Oo.iAK. 

Ou,jein,  a  city  of  India.    See  Oojein. 

Oukcsima,  an  island  of  Anam.    See  OoKKsntA. 

Oii-Kiaiig,  a  river  of  China.    See  Oo-Kiang. 

Oulan-Khoton,  Mongolia.    See  Oolan-Khotan. 

Oulasli,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Oolash. 

Oiileai  or  Oullcay  (oo-le-i')  Group,  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  consisting  of  22  islands,  the  S.  point  of  the  most  E. 
of  the  group,  Raour,  in  lat.  7°  20'  N.,  Ion.  14.3°  63'  E. 

Ouleout,  owl'e-6wt,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co., 
N.Y.,  on  Ouleout  Creek,  22  miles  S.  of  Cooperstown,  and 
8  miles  N.W.  of  Delhi,  the  county  seat. 

Oiiliassoutai,  Mongolia.    See  Ooliassootai. 

Oullins,  oolMiN"',  n  village  of  France,  in  Rhone,  3i 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Lyons.  It  has  manufactures  of  silk 
stuffs,  steam-engines,  and  calico.     Pop.  4S86. 

Oultre,  5wrt'r  or  ool't'r,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  on  the  Molenbeek,  24  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ghent. 

Oulx,  00,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Turin,  12  miles 
S.W.  of  Susa,  on  the  Dora,  near  the  Alps.     Pop.  1629. 

Ouinan,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Ooman. 

Oumnak  and  Ounalaska,  two  of  the  Fox  Islands, 
North  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Oomnak  and  Oonalaska. 

Ound,  oond,  a  town  of  British  India,  5  miles  N.W.  of 
Poonah.     It  has  a  fine  Hindoo  temple. 

Oundle,  un'd^l,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Northamp- 
,ton,  on  the  Nene,  and  on  a  railway,  13  miles  W.S.W.  of 
JPeterborough.  The  town,  nearly  environed  by  the  Nene,  is 
trery  neatly  built,  and  has  a  fine  church,  2  ancient  grammar- 
fBchooIs,  poor's  hospitals,  a  union  workhouse,  a  branch  bank, 
land  a  good  market-house.  Pop.  2829. 
;    Ounga,  an  island  of  Alaska.    See  Oo>fGA. 

Ounimak,  an  island  of  the  Pacific.    See  Oonimak. 

Ounja,  a  river  and  town  of  Russia.    See  Oonzha. 

Ououda,  a  river  of  Africa.     See  Woxda. 

Oupa,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Oopa. 

Ouraghen,  Africa.     See  Awrigha. 

Ourai  Mountains  and  River.    See  Ural. 

Ouralsk,  two  towns  of  Russia.    See  Ooralsk. 

Ouratepe,  Toorkistan.    See  Ooratbpe. 

Ouray,  oo-ra',  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Colorado. 
Area,  46U  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Rio  Dolores 
and  Rio  San  Miguel.  The  surface  is  mountainous.  Mount 
IWiison,  in  this  county,  is  14,280  feet  high.  Gold,  silver, 
'eopper,  and  galena  are  the  chief  sources  of  revenue.  This 
;ounty  has  forests  of  fir,  pine,  Ac,  and  several  fertile  valleys. 
Japitiil,  Ouray.     Pop.  in  1880,  2669;  in  1890,  6510. 

Ouray,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ouray  co.,  Col.,  near 
he  biise  of  Mount  Hayden,  about  15  miles  N.  of  Silverton. 
U  has  a  saw-mill,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  and  a  smelt- 
ng-furnaee.     Silver  is  found  near  here.    Pop.  (1890)  2534. 

Our  Car'ter,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pratt  co.,  Kansas,  23 
uiles  S.E.  of  Lamed.     It  has  a  church, 

Ource,  ooRss,  a  river  of  France,  departments  of  Ilaute- 
\Iarne,  COte-d'Or,  and  Aube,  after  a  N.AV.  course  of  40 
uiles  joins  the  Seine  near  Bar-sur-Seine. 

Ourpq,  ooRk,  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  the  department 
if  Aisne,  and,  after  a  S.W.  course  of  30  miles,  joins  the 
Harne  near  Lizy.  From  this  stream  flows  the  Canal  of 
)urcq  to  Paris,  69  miles,  affording  a  part  of  its  water- 
upply. 

Ourem,  S-r8N»',  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Estremadura,  15 
ttiles  S.E.  of  Leiria.     Pop.  2976.    It  is  enclosed  by  walls. 

Ourem,  6-rfiso',  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  and  55 
niles  E.  of  Pard. 

Ourfa,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Oorpa. 

Onrga,  a  city  of  Mongolia.    See  Oorga. 

Ourghenj,  or  Ourghendj.    See  Gorghenj. 

Ourioupinskaia,  Russia.    See  Oorjoopinskaia. 

Ourique,  oo-ree'ki  or  &-ree'ki,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
tlemtejo,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Beja.     Pop.  3380. 

Ourjoum,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Oorzhoom. 

Ourloujah)  a  city  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Oqrloojah. 
132 


Ourma,  a  town  of  Siberia.    See  Oorma. 

Ourmia,  or  Urmiah,  Persia.     See  Oouoojieetah, 

Ouroe,  oo'ro*?h,  an  island  of  Denmark,  in  the  Is©- 
Fiord,  an  inlet  of  Seeland,  29  miles  W. N.W.  of  Copenhagen. 
Length,  4  miles ;  breadth,  3  miles. 

Ouro  Preto,  6'ro  pri'to  (formerly  "Villa  Rica),  a 
city  of  the  republic  of  Brazil,  capital  of  the  state  of  Minas- 
Geraes,  200  miles  N.N.W.  of  Rio  Janeiro.  Pop.  12,000. 
It  is  the  residence  of  the  governor  and  the  seat  of  the 
provincial  assembly,  and  has  several  churches,  a  governor's 
palace,  a  mint,  a  theatre,  a  colegio,  or  Latin  school,  with 
a  school  of  pharmacy  and  anatomy,  a  public  library  and  a 
botanic  garden,  and  an  agricultural  normal  school.  It  is 
supplied  with  excellent  water,  and  has  an  active  commerce 
with  Rio  Janeiro.  It  was  founded  in  1699,  and  called 
Villa  Rica,  from  the  rich  gold-mines  in  its  vicinity. 

Ouroumiyah,  Persia.    See  Ooroomeyaii. 

Ouroup,  one  of  the  Kooril  Islands.    See  Ooroop. 

Ourthe,  or  Ourte,  ooRt,  a  river  of  Belgium,  provinces 
of  Luxembourg  and  Liege,  joins  the  Meuse  after  a  N. 
course  of  80  miles. 

Ourumptsi,  a  city  of  China.    See  Ooroomtsee. 

Ourvillc,  ooRVeel',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-InJft- 
rieure,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Yvetot.     Pop.  1202. 

Ousa,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Oosa. 

Ousc,  ooz,  a  small  river  of  England,  co.  of  Sussex,  enters 
the  English  Channel  near  Seaford. 

Ouse,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  York,  is  formed  by  tho 
Swale  and  Ure,  flows  S.E.,  and  joins  the  Trent  to  form  the 
Ilumber.  Length,  60  miles.  It  is  navigable  for  large  ves- 
sels to  York.  Principal  affluents,  the  Wharfe,  Aire,  and  Don 
from  the  W.,  and  the  Derwent  from  tho  N. 

Ouse,  or  Great  Ouse,  a  river  of  England,  rises 
near  Bracklcy,  flows  very  tortuously  through  the  cos.  of 
Northampton,  Bucks,  Bedford,  Huntingdon,  Cambridge, 
and  Norfolk,  and  enters  the  Wash  at  King's  Lynn,  after  a 
course  of  about  160  miles,  for  the  latter  two-thirds  of  which 
it  is  navigable.  Chief  affluents,  the  Ivel,  Cam,  Larke,  Lit- 
tle Ouse,  Stoke,  and  Nar,  all  from  the  E.  or  S.  The  Little 
Ouse,  or  Brandon  River,  joins  the  Great  Ouse  from  Suflblk, 
at  the  junction  of  the  Stoke  New  Bedford  Canal  and  the 
Wisbeach  Canal,  which  connects  the  Nene. 

Ouse,  a  river  of  Ontario.     See  Grand  River. 

Oushnei,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Ooshnki. 

Ousley,  owz'Ice,  a  post-village  of  Lowndes  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Atlantic  &  Gulf  Railroad,  166  miles  W.S.W.  of  Savan- 
nah.    It  has  2  churches  and  several  mineral  springs. 

Ousman,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Oosman. 

Ousouri,  a  river  of  Asia.    See  Oosooree. 

Oust,  a  Russian  prefix.    See  Oost. 

Oust,  oost,  a  river  of  France,  joins  the  Vilaine  neaf 
Redon,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  70  miles. 

Oust,  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Arifige,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Saint- 
Girons.     Pop.  1554. 

Oustioug  Velikee,  Russia.    See  Oostioog  Velikee. 

Oustioiijna,  a  town  of  Russia.    Sec  Oostioozhna. 

Oust  Sysolsk,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Oost-Svsolsk. 

Outagamie,  oo'ta-gam-ee  or  ooUa-gam'e,  a  county  in 
the  N.E.  central  part  of  Wisconsin,  has  an  area  of  about 
624  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Fox  (or  Ncenah) 
and  Wolf  Rivers,  and  also  drained  by  the  Embarras  River 
and  Duck  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  sugar-maple, 
oak,  and  other  trees.  'Ihe  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Wheat, 
oats,  lumber,  hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Green  Bay,  Winona  <fc  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  the  Mil- 
waukee <fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  and  the  Milwaukee,  Lake 
Shore  <fc  Western  Railroad.  Capital,  Appleton.  Pop.  in 
1870,  18,430;  in  1880,  28,716;  in  1890,  38,690. 

Ou-'fchou,  a  city  of  China.    See  Oo-Tcnoo. 

Outer  Island,  one  of  the  Apostles  Islands,  Wis. 

Ou-Thou-Chan.     See  Oo  Thoo-Shan. 

Out'law's  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Duplin  co,,  N,C.; 
about  66  miles  N.  of  Wilmington.  It  has  a  church  and  an 
academy. 

Out'let,  a  station  in  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Ontario 
Southern  Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of  Newark. 

Outram,  oo'tram,  a  post-village  in  Bruce  co.,  Ontario, 
11  miles  N.  of  Walkerton.     Pop.  150. 

Outreau,  ooHrO',  a  town  of  France,  in  Pas-do-Calais,  2 
miles  S.E.  of  Boulogne.     Pop.  1625. 

Outville,  Licking  co.,  0.     See  Kirkersville. 

Out'wood,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  on 
the  Irwell,  and  on  tho  Manchester  &  Bolton  Canal,  7  mile* 
N.W.  of  Manchester, 

Ouvelka«  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Ootelka. 


OUY 


2000 


ovo 


Onya,  oo*y4',  or  Oyak,  o'ylk',  a  river  of  French 
GaUna,  flows  N.N.E.,  and,  soptirnting  the  island  of  Cayenne 
from  the  mainland,  enters  the  Atlantic.     Length,  70  niilos. 

Onibeffistan^  A«ia.    So«  Hokuaka  and  Tookkistan. 

Ouzbeks,  a  noopio  of  TartAry.    See  Oozbkks. 

OuxbiUf  oot'been',  a  village  of  AfghanitUn,  35  miles 
B.  of  Cabool,  in  a  valley  uf  the  same  name. 

Oozeiit  two  rivers  of  Russia.    See  Oozen. 

Oozouer  lo  Mnrch^*  oo^soo-V  l^h  man'shi',  several 
Tillages  of  Franco,  uf  which  the  principal  is  in  Loir-et- 
Cher,  17  miles  W.  of  Orleans.     Pop.  of  comniuno,  1503. 

Ovnda,  o-v&'d&,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  2U  miles 
6.  of  Alessandria,  on  theOrbe.     Pop.  7063. 

O'val,  <^  post-office  of  Paulding  oo.,  Ga. 

Ovnile,  o-v4'yi,  a  town  of  Chili,  province  of  Coauimbo, 
83  miles  S.S.E.  of  Coquimbo,  to  which  port  and  to  Tongoy 
railways  extend.     Pop.  4099. 

Ovar^  o-van',  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  on  the  Ovar, 
at  the  head  of  its  estuary,  15  miles  N.  of  Aveiro.  It  is 
■upported  by  fiphories  and  trade.     Pop.  10,374. 

Ovarii  Bay  of,  Hondo.    See  IJav  of  Ovari. 

Oven  (ttv'n)  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Letcher  co.,  Ky. 

Ovens,  iiv'^nz,  a  post-village  in  Lunenburg  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  at  the  entrance  to  Lunenburg  Harbor,  4i  miles  from 
Lunenburg.  It  was  once  noted  for  its  gold-mines.  A 
promontory  50  feet  in  height  contains  a  dozen  or  more 
cavities  facing  the  sea  and  resembling  ovens.  The  name 
is  given  to  a  peninsula  J  mile  wide  by  li  miles  long,  to 
which  the  gold-mining  is  at  present  limited.     Pop.  200. 

Ovens  (iiv'^nz)  River,  Southeast  Australia,  joins  the 
Hume  to  form  the  Murray,  in  lat.  34°  48'  S.,  Ion.  146°  16' 
£.,  where  it  is  of  less  size  than  the  Hume  River. 

O'ver,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  15  miles  E.  of  Ches- 
ter.    Pop.  of  township,  5038. 

O'veralls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Va. 

Overboelaere,  o'v?r-boo-lS,'r§h,  a  village  of  Belgium, 
East  Flanders,  on  the  Dender,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Audenarde. 

Overbrook,  Butler  co.,  Pa.    See  Mars. 

O'verbrook,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Philadelphia. 
Here  is  a  Catholic  theological  seminary,  which  has  a  library 
of  11,000  volumes. 

Overbrook,  a  township  of  Wyoming  oo.,  Pa.  Pop.  433. 

O'ver  Dar'wen,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster, 
3J  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Blackburn.  It  is  lighted  with  gas, 
and  cotton-manufacture  is  carried  on  to  a  great  extent. 
Paper  manufacturing  and  staining  and  silk-weaving  and 
carpet-manufacturing  are  also  carried  on.     Pop.  34,192. 

O'verfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barbour  co.,  W.  Va.,  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Philippi.    It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Overflakkee,  o'v^r-fllk^k^h,  an  island  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  South  Holland,  between  two  arms  of  the  Rhine 
(or  Maas),  the  Haringvliet  and  Flakkee,  at  their  entrance 
into  the  North  Sea.     Length,  25  miles ;  breadth,  7  miles. 

Overhili',  a  post-hamlet  of  Upshur  co.,  W.  Va.,  30 
miles  S.  of  Clarksburg. 

Overijssel,  Netherlands.    See  Overtssel. 

Overisel,  o-v^r-i's^l,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of 
Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  about  24  miles  S.W.  of  Grand  Rapids, 
lit  has  2  churches.  It  was  settled  by  Hollanders.  Pop.  1273. 

Ovcrmeire,  o'v^r-miV^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  10  miles  E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  3053. 

O'verpeck's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  0., 
on  the  Miami  River,  and  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  & 
Dayton  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Hamilton. 

Overpelt,  o'v§r-pelt\  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Lim- 
bourg,  on  the  Dommel,  19  miles  N.  of  Hasselt.     Pop.  1550. 

Overschie,  o'ver-skee^  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  South  Holland,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Rotterdam.     Pop.  1969. 

Overslaugh,  o'v^r-slaw.  New  York,  in  the  Hudson 
River,  3  miles  below  Albany.  The  channel  of  the  river 
here  is  obstructed  by  sand-bars,  rendering  the  navigation 
difficult  at  low  tide. 

O'vert,  a  post-office  of  White  co..  Ark. 

Overton,  a  town  of  England.    See  Orton. 

O'verton,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Lanark,  7  miles 
■  y  rail  S.E.  of  Motherwell.    It  has  coal-mines.    Pop.  1517. 

Overton,  a  borough  of  Wales,  co.  of  Flint,  on  the  Dee, 
15  miles  S.  of  Chester.  The  borough  unites  with  Flint, 
Ac,  in  sending  one  member  to  Parliament.     Pop.  1329. 

O'verton,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee,  bordering  on 
Kentucky,  has  an  areiv  of  about  360  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  hj  Ohio's  or  Obed's  River,  and  the  West  Fork. 
■The  surface  is  hilly.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Maize,  wheat, 
oats,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  stnples.  This  county  is  lib- 
erally supplied  with  timber,^-chestnut,  ash,  hickory,  oak, 
maple,  and  tulip-tree.     Coal  is  found  in  it.     Capital,  Liv- 


ingston, on  the  Marietta  A  North  Georgia  Railroad     Pnr> 
in  1870,  11,297;  in  1880,  12,153;  in  1890,  12,039.  *        ^ 

Overton,  a  |)08t-village  in  Saline  towiiHliip,  Cooper  eo. 
Mo.,  on  the  Missouri  River,  about  10  miles  below  Boon 
viUe.  It  has  2  churches,  a  college,  a  fluuring-mill,  and  i 
steamboat-landing.     Produce  is  shipped  here. 

Overton,  a  post-village  of  Dawson  co.,  Neb.,  on  tli 
Union  Paoifio  Railroad,  220  miles  W.  of  Omaha,  and  1 
miles  E.  of  Plum  Creek. 

Overton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Overton  township,  Bradfon 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Williamsport.  Pop.  u 
the  township,  550.  ' 

Overton,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Tcnn.,  on  th 
Paducfth  &  Memphis  Railroad,  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Mem]!.; 

Overton,  a  post-village  of  Rusk  co.,  Tex.,  on  tin   i 
derson    A   Overton   and   International  &  Great  Xi; 
Railroads,  59  miles  N.E.  of  Palestine.    It  has  4  chu: 
the  Overton  Institute,  a  broom-factory,  Ac.   Pop.  400. 

Overton,  a  post-office  of  Albemarle  co.,  Va. 

Overyssche-Notre-Dame-au-Bois,  <)>v?li  ; 
not'r-dAm-o-bwA,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Bnibant, 
Yssche,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  of  commune,  , 

Overyssel,  or  Over^sscl,  o'v^r-is's^l,  a  province  u 
the  Netherlands,  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Zuyder  7.v< 
and  enclosed  landward  by  the   provinces  of  Gcldcrlaix 
Friesland,  and  Drenthe,  and  by  the  Prussian  provinces  o 
Hanover  and  Westphalia.     Area,  1312  square  miles.    Pdj 
271,069.    Surface  almost  wholly  level,  and  in  great  jmu 
marshy  or  heath  lands,  but  along  the  Yssel  is  some  fertil 
soil,  producing  rye,  buckwheat,  hemp,  and  fruits.    ('■•'• 
roaring  and  digging  turf  are  the  principal  branches 
dustry.     Manuf^actures  of  linen  and  cotton  fabrics,  \m 
wares,  mats,  and  iron  goods  are  carried  on.    See  Yssel. 

Ovetiim,  an  ancient  name  of  Ovikdo. 

Oviatt,  oV^-at',  a  post-office  of  Leelanaw  co.,  Miob.,  1 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Traverse  City. 

O'vid,  a  post-office  of  Bear  Lake  co.,  Idaho,  near  Bet 
Lake,  and  about  40  miles  S.E.  of  Soda  Springs. 

Ovid,  Madison  co.,  Ind.    See  New  Columbus. 

Ovid,  a  township  of  Branch  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1101. 

Ovid,  a  post- village  in  Ovid  township,  Clinton  co.,  Mich 
on  Maple  River,  and  on  the  Detroit  A  Milwaukee  Railrom 
10  miles  W.  of  Owosso,  10  miles  E.  of  St.  John,  and  about  2 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Lansing.  It  has  a  banking-house,  a  new 
paper  office,  a  union  school,  3  churches,  a  furnace  with  nij 
chine-shop,  a  flour-mill,  2  saw-mills,  and  a  planing-mil 
Pop.  about  1400 ;  of  the  township,  in  1890,  1423. 

Ovid,  a  beautiful  post-village,  semi-capital  of  Senec 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Ovid  township,  on  a  high  and  fertile  ridge, 
miles  E.  of  Seneca  Lake,  about  4  miles  W.  of  Cayuga  Lakt 
and  about  40  miles  N.  of  Elmira.  It  contains  acourt-bou8( 
4  churches,  a  union  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  an 
a  steam-mill.  The  Willard  Lunatic  Asylum,  a  large  an 
costly  edifice,  is  located  at  Willard,  about  2  miles  from  Ovit 
Pop.  in  1890,  641 ;  of  the  township,  3651. 

Ovid  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Ovid  township,  Senec 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Geneva,  Ithaca  A  Sayre  Railroad,  20  mile 
S.S.E.  of  Geneva. 

Ovidiopol,  o-ve-de-o'pol  (L.  Ovidiop'olie),  b,  fortific 
seaport  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Kherson,  on  th 
estuary  of  the  Dniester,  opposite  Akernian,  and  20  mil* 
S.W.  of  Odessa.     It  has  a  custom-house  and  a  lazaretto, 
being  a  station  of  the  Russian  fleet.     Pop.  4687. 

Ovicdo,  o-vc-4'do  (anc   Lu'ciis  As'turum,  afterward 
Ove'tum),  a  city  of  Spain,  in  the  'N.W.,  capital  of  a  prov 
ince,  near  the  confluence  of  the  Nalon  and  Nora  Rivov'  '■ 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Leon,  and  57  miles  E.  of  the  Portu 
frontier.    Lat.  43°  22'  N. ;  Ion.  5°  57'  W.    The  chief  c  : 
are  the  cathedral,  one  of  the  finest  in  Spain,  the  ex-c 
of  San  Vicente,  now  used  for  government  offices,  tli'' 
vent  of  San  Pelayo,  the  university  buildings,  the  c.;. : 
and  the  general  and  military  hospital.      Its  cducationr| 
establishments  comprise  the  university,  a  normal  schoo 
and  primary  schools.     It  has  a  theatre,  a  fortress  of  th 
tenth  century,  and  11  public  fountains,  supplied  with  wate, 
by  2  aqueducts.     Ovicdo  has  manufactures  of  arms,  hatfj 
and  leather.     It  was  the  chief  place  of  refuge  for  the  Chris! 
tian  clergy  during  the  early  dominion  of  the  Moors.     In  it] 
vicinity  are  hot  mineral  springs  and  baths.     Pop.  31,880. 

Oviedo,  a  province  of  Spain,  Asturias,  bounded  N.  bi 
the  Bay  of  Biscay.    Area,  4216  square  miles.    Pop.  605,35.'-| 

Oviglio,  o-veel'yo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  I 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  2835.  i 

Ovil'la,  a  post-village  of  Ellis  co.,  Tex.,  20  miles  8.  b; 
W.  of  Dallas,     It  has  a  church  and  a  seminary. 

Ovoca,  Ireland.    See  Avoca. 

Ovoian,  o'vo-15w',  one  of  the  Fcejee  Islands,  in  th 


ovo 


'2091 


OWE 


South  Pacific,  lat.  17°  41'  S.,  Ion.  178°  52'  W.,  about  8 
miles  long  and  7  miles  broad. 
Ovos,  Ilha  dos,  Brazil.    Sec  Ilha  dos  Ovos. 
Ovrootch,  Ovroutch,  or  Ovrntsch,  o-vrootch',  a 
town  of  Russia,  in  Volhynia,  on  the  Marinna,  82  miles  N. 
of  Zhitomcer.     Pop.  5947. 

Owan'eco,  a  post-hamlet  of  Christian  oo.,  111.,  on  the 
Springfield  division  of  the  Ohio  &  Miasissippi  Railroad,  34 
miles  S.E.  of  Springfield.     It  has  a  church. 
Owari,  Bay  of,  Japan.    See  Bay  of  Ovari. 
Owas'ca,  a  post-office  of  St.  John's  co.,  Fla. 
Owas'co,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co..  Mo.,  28  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Kirksville. 

Owasco,  a  post-village  in  Owasco  township,  Cayuga 
CO.,  N.Y.,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Auburn.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
flouring-mill.  Pop.  about  300.  The  township  is  bounded 
W.  by  Owasco  Lake.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1289. 

Owasco  Lake,  New  York,  is  in  Cayuga  co.,  about  3 
miles  S.E.  of  Auburn,  and  8  miles  E.  of  Cayuga  Lake.  It 
is  10  or  11  miles  long,  and  more  than  1  mile  wide.  Its  outlet, 
called  Owasco  Creek,  issues  from  the  N.  end  of  the  lake,  flows 
through  the  city  of  Auburn,  and  enters  the  Seneca  River 
about  3  miles  N.  of  Port  Byron.  This  lake  is  partly  sup- 
»  plied  by  the  Owasco  Inlet,  which  rises  in  Tompkins  co., 
runs  northward,  and  enters  the  S.  end  of  the  lake. 

Owasco  Lake,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  W.  shore  of  Owasco  Lake,  at  Wyckoff  Station  on  the 
Southern  Central  Railroad,  7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Auburn. 
Owasso,  Shiawassee  co.,  Mich.    See  Owosso. 
Owatonna,  o-wa-ton'na,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Steele 
CO.,  Minn.,  in  Owatonna  township,  on  Straight  River,  37 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Mankato,  15  miles  S.  of  Faribault,  and 
90  miles  W.  of  Winona.     It  is  on  the  Winona  A  St.  Peter 
Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St. 
Paul  Railroad.     It  contains  a  court-house,  a  Baptist  semi- 
,  nary,  a  high  school,  2  banks,  8  churches,  and  3  newspaper 
!  offices.     It  has  3  flouring-mills,  and  manufactures  of  car- 
!  riages  and  farming-implements.     Pop.  in  1890,3849;  of 
the  township,  exclusive  of  the  city,  584.     Here  is  a  valuable 
'  mineral  spring,  which  contains  the  bicarbonates  of  sodium, 
calcium,  and  magnesium. 
Owe'go,  a  township  of  Livingston  co..  111.     Pop.  800. 
Owcgo,  a  handsome  post-village,  capital  of  Tioga  co., 
i  N.Y.,  is  beautifully  situated  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Susque- 
\  hanna  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Owego  Creek,  in  a  township 
I  of  the  same  name.     It  is  37  miles  E.  of  Elmira,  22  miles 
W.  of  Binghamton,  and  33  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ithaca.     It  is 
t  on  the  Erie  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Southern  Central 
I  Railroad,  and  is  connected  with  Ithaca  by  a  branch  of  the 
\  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad.    It  contains  a 
i  handsome  court-house,  7  churches,  the  Owego  Free  Acad- 
1  cmy,  2  national  banks,  manufactures  of  flour,  leather,  lum- 
ber, (fcc,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  3  weekly  news- 
papers.    Here  is  a  bridge  across  the  river ;  and  near  the 
N.  border  of  the  village  is  the  Evergreen  Cemetery,  on  a 
hill  about  200  feet  high.     Pop.  of  township,  9008. 

Owego,  a  post-hiimlet  of  Ransom  co.,  N.D.,  17  miles 
(direct)  E.N.E.  of  Lisbon. 

•  Owego,  a  post-office  of  Shawano  co..  Wis.,  about  15 
miles  W.N.W.  of  the  city  of  Green  Bay. 

'^  Owego  Creek,  in  Tioga  co.,  New  York,  is  formed  by 
its  East  and  West  Branches,  runs  nearly  southward,  and 
enters  the  Susquehanna  River  at  Owego. 

Owen,  o'<^n,  a  town  of  Wilrtemberg,  on  the  Lauter, 
18  miles  S.E.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1438. 

*  O'wen,  a  count-y  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Indiana, 
;  has  an  area  of  about  390  square  miles.     It  is  intersected  by 

the  West  Fork  of  White  River,  and  also  drained  by  Mill 
Creek.  The  Eel  River  touches  the  S.W.  part  of  the  county. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered 
I  with  forests,  in  which  the  sugar-maple  abounds.  The  soil 
I  IS  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
j  products.  This  county  has  beds  of  good  bituminous  coal, 
palled  block  coal.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Louisville,  New 
{Albany  &  Chicago  Railroad,  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati, 
Chicago  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad,  and  the  Evansville  &  Terre 
Haute  Railroad.  Capital,  Spencer.  Pop.  in  1870,  16,137; 
nl880,  16,901;  in  1890,  16,040. 

Owen,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kentucky,  has  an 
u-ea  of  about  312  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W. 
>y  Eagle  Creek,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Kentucky  River. 
Che  surface  is  undulating,  and  nearly  one-third  of  it  is  cov- 
ired  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  tobacco, 
rheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  The  Trenton  or 
Jue  limestone  underlies  the  soil.  Capital,  Owenton.  Pop. 
n  1870,  14,309;  in  1880,  17,401  ;  in  1890,  17,676. 
(   Owen,  a  township  of  AVinnebago  co.,  111.     Pop.  762. 


Owen,  a  post-township  of  Clarke  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  679. 

Owen,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1J18. 

Owen,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1589. 

Owen,  a  township  of  Warrick  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1440. 

Owen,  a  township  of  Cerro  Gordo  co.,  Iowa.     P.  300. 

Owensborough,  o'?nz-biIr-riih,  a  city,  the  capital  of 
Daviess  co.,  Ky.,  is  situated  on  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the 
Owensborough  &  Nashville  Railroad,  about  40  miles  above 
Evansville,  Ind.,  and  150  miles  below  Louisville.  By  land 
it  is  about  30  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Henderson.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  3  banks,  a  savings-bank,  3  newspaper  offices, 
a  college,  2  academies,  13  churches,  6  distilleries  of  whisky, 
18  tobacco-stemmeries,  a  cigar-factory,  4  flouring-mills,  2 
planing-mills,  several  machine-shops  of  the  railroad,  a 
foundry,  and  manufactures  of  chairs,  furniture,  and  brooms. 
It  is  lighted  with  gas.  Large  quantities  of  tobacco  and 
whisky  are  shipped  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  9837. 

Owensborough  Junction,  or  Stroud  City,  a 
post-village  of  Muhlenburg  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Paducah  & 
Elizabethtown  Railroad,  at  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Owens- 
borough <4;  Nashville  Railroad,  35  miles  S.  of  Owensborough, 
and  126  miles  S.W.  of  Louisville.  It  has  several  coal- 
mines.    Pop.  about  200. 

Owensburg,  o'^nz-burg,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  Bedford,  Springville  <k  Bloomfield  Railroad,  15 
miles  S.E.  of  Bloomfield.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  a  graded  school. 

Ow'ensbyville,  a  post-office  of  Heard  co.,  Ga. 

O'wen's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Frederick  co.,  Md. 

Owen's  Cross  Roads,  post-office,  Madison  co.,  Ala. 

Owen's  Ferry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Camden  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  GreatlSatilla  River,  18  miles  S.  of  AVaynesville. 

Owen's  Lake,  California,  is  in  Inyo  co.,  at  the  E. 
base  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  and  about  12  miles  E.  of  Mount 
Whitney.  It  is  nearly  18  miles  long  and  10  miles  wide. 
It  receives  Owen's  River,  which  enters  it  at  its  northern 
end,  and  is  filled  with  strong  alkaline  and  saline  waters ; 
but  it  has  no  visible  outlet. 

Owen's  iMiils,  a  post-office  of  Osage  co..  Mo. 

Owen's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chemung  co.,  N.Y.,  4 
miles  N.E.  of  Chemung  Station.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Owen  Sound  (formerly  Sydenham),  a  town  and  port 
of  entry  of  Ontario,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Grey,  on  Georgian 
Bay,  at  the  outlet  of  the  river  Sydenham,  and  the  terminus 
of  the  Toronto,  Grey  &  Bruce  Railway,  131  miles  N.W.  of 
Toronto.  It  contains  manufactories  of  mill-machinery, 
turbine-wheels,  agricultural  implements,  engines,  sewing- 
machines,  leather,  wooden-ware,  tweed  and  other  woollen 
cloths,  Ac,  also  two  breweries,  two  brick-fields,  flour-  and 
saw-mills,  5  large  grain-warehouses  and  elevators,  and  vari- 
ous smaller  works.  Here  are  a  number  of  fine  stores,  sev- 
eral churches  and  good  hotels,  a  commodious  town  hall,  a 
court-house,  jail  and  registry  office,  and  3  newspaper  offices. 
Pop.  3639.  The  harbor  of  Owen  Sound  is  one  of  the  best 
on  Lake  Huron.  It  is  12  miles  long  from  the  town  to  its 
mouth,  where  it  is  5  miles  wide.  It  has  good  anchorage, 
and  is  navigable  for  vessels  of  the  largest  capacity.  Many 
vessels  are  engaged  in  the  grain-  and  lumber-trade. 

Owen's  River,  California,  rises  in  Mono  co.,  on  the 
E.  slope  of  the  Sierra  Nevada.  It  runs  nearly  southward 
in  Inyo  co.,  through  a  sterile  region,  and  enters  Owen's 
Lake  about  15  miles  E.  of  Mount  Whitney.  It  is  nearly 
175  miles  long. 

Owen  Station,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Columbus  &  Toledo  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Marion. 

O'wensville,  a  post-office  of  Escambia  co.,  Ala. 

Owensville,  a  post-office  of  Saline  co..  Ark. 

Owensville,  a  post-village  of  Gibson  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Montgomery  township,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Princeton,  and 
about  24  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Evansville.  It  has  a  graded 
school  and  4  churches. 

Owensville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gasconade  co..  Mo.,  22 
miles  N.  of  Cuba,  and  about  75  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Louis. 
It  has  a  church. 

Owensville,  a  post-village  in  Stone  Lick  township, 
Clermont  co.,  0.,  24  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  ^ 
churches  and  a  tannery.  It  is  sometimes  called  Boston. 
Pop.  377. 

Owensville,  a  hamlet  of  Robertson  co.,  Tex.,  8  miles 
N.  of  Engelwood. 

O'wenton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Owen  co.,  Ky„ 
about  24  miles  N.  of  Frankfort,  and  54  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Louisville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank- 
ing-house, and  several  seminaries.     Pop.  in  1890,  847, 

O'wenville,  a  post-village  of  Sampson  co.,  N.C.,  26 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Warsaw  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  » 
steam  saw  mill,  and  a  turpentine-distillery. 


own 


9008 


OXF 


Owhrhce«  Pooiflo  Ocean.    See  Hawaii. 

0'wing*«  Mills,  a  ]>u8t-villago  uf  Baltimore  oo.,  Md., 
on  the  We*tein  Mnr^laml  lUiilroiul,  about  14  miles  N.W. 
of  Baltimore.  It  containH  ttie  MoDonough  Institute,  3 
churches,  and  several  stores. 

U'wingsville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Bath  oo.,  Ky., 
on  a  small  tributary  of  the  Licking  River,  48  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Lexington,  and  14  miles  N.E.  of  Mount  Sterling.  It 
has  a  oourt-houso,  4  churches,  2  banks,  a  newspaper  office, 
a  fominary,  and  a  carriage-factory.     I'op.  in  18U0,  7(53. 

Owl  Creek,  Ohio.    See  Veknos  Kiver. 

Owl  Creek,  Sweetwater  oo.,  Wyoming,  runs  eastward, 
nnd  enters  the  Big  Horn  Kiver  about  Int.  43°  34'  N. 

Owl  Creek,  a  township  of  Woodson  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
CU7.     It  contains  Defiance. 

Owl  Prairie,  pra'reo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Daviess  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  West  Fork  of  White  River,  about  28  miles  N.E. 
of  Vincennes.     It  has  a  church. 

Owl  llun,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  at  Warrenton  Junction,  41 
miles  W.  of  Alexandria. 

Owl's  Head,  a  beautiful  mountain  in  Quebec,  on  Lake 
Momphrcmagog,  about  6  miles  from  Ueorgeville.  There  is 
a  large  hotel  at  its  base,  and  a  landing-place  for  the  steam- 
ers plying  between  Magog  and  Newport,  Vt. 

Owl's  Head,  a  headland  on  the  W.  side  of  the  en- 
trance of  Penobscot  Bay,  Mo.  On  it  is  a  fixed  light,  ele- 
vated 147  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Lat.  44°  N. ; 
Ion.  68°  68'  W. 

Owos'so,  or  Owas'so,  a  city  in  Owosso  township, 
Shiawassee  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Shiawassee  River,  and  on  the 
Detroit  &  Milwaukee  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Jackson, 
Lansing  &  Saginaw  Railroad,  28  miles  N.E.  of  Lansing,  36 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Saginaw  City,  and  78  miles  N.W.  of 
Detroit.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  on  undulating,  sandy 
ground.  It  contains  7  churches,  a  high  school,  1  or  2 
national  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  tannery,  2  flour- 
ing-mills,  2  planing-mills,  2  foundries,  manufactures  of 
furniture,  bricks,  sash,  blinds,  Ac,  and  machine-shops  of 
the  Jackson,  Lansing  &  Saginaw  Railroad.  The  river 
affords  a  never-failing  water-power  at  this  place.  Pop. 
in  1880,  2501  ;  in  1890,  0564. 

Owra,  (5w'r&,  a  town  of  India,  on  the  Chumbul,  75  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Kotah.     Lat.  24°  12'  N.;  Ion.  75°  26'  E. 

Owsley,  6wz'l§,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Kentucky, 
has  an  area  of  about  176  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  South  Fork  of  the  Kentucky  River.  The  Kentucky 
River  touches  the  N.W.  extremity  of  the  county.  The 
surface  is  hilly,  and  partly  covered  with  forests.  The  soil 
produces  maize,  grass,  oats,  &c.  Coal  is  found  here.  Capital, 
Booneville,  on  the  South  Fork  of  the  Kentucky.  Pop.  in 
1870,  3889;  in  1880,  49-12;  in  1890,  5975. 

Owsley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  co.,  Mo.,  about  15 
miles  S.E.  of  Warrensburg. 

Owyhee,  an  island  of  the  Pacific.     See  Hawaii. 

Owy'hee,  the  most  southwestern  county  of  Idaho,  bor- 
dering on  Nevada  ond  Oregon,  has  an  area  of  about  7800 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Snake  or 
Lewis  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the  Bruneau  and 
Owyhee  Rivers  and  their  affluents,  the  West  Fork  of  the 
Salmon  River,  and  Jordan  Creek.  The  surface  in  the  north- 
west part  is  mountainous,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  produces  barley,  oats, 
potatoes,  &o.  Gold  and  silver  are  the  chief  articles  of  ex- 
port. Capital,  Silver  City.  Pop.  in  1870,  1713;  in  1880, 
1426;  in  1890,  2021. 

OAVyhee  River  rises  by  several  branches  in  the  N.  part 
of  Nevada,  and  intersects  the  S.W.  part  of  Owyhee  co., 
Idaho.  It  runs  northwestward  into  Oregon,  and  gradually 
deflects  towards  the  N.  After  it  has  crossed  the  forty-third 
parallel  of  N.  latitude,  it  flows  nearly  northeastward  until 
it  enters  Snake  River,  near  the  point  where  the  Latter 
first  strikes  the  E.  boundary  of  Oregon.    Length,  350  miles. 

Ox  llow,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  111.,  about  12 
miles  N.E.  of  L.ocon.     It  has  2  churches. 

Ox  Bow,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  in 
White  Lake  township,  about  34  miles  N.W.  of  Detroit.  It 
has  a  saw-mill,  a  planing-mill,  <&c. 

Ox  Bow,  a  post-office  of  Nuckolls  co..  Neb. 

Ox  Bow,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Ant- 
ircrp  township,  on  the  Oswegatchie  River,  about  28  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Watortown.  It  derives  its  name  from  a  bond  in 
the  river  like  an  ox-bow.     It  has  2  churches. 

Ox  Bow,  a  post-office  of  Ritchie  co.,  W.  Va. 

Oxen,  a  village  of  Spain.    See  Oje.v. 

Ox'euden,  a  post-village  in  Greyco.,  Ontario,  30  miles 
N.W.  of  Owen  Sound.     Pop.  150. 


Ox'en  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Prince  George's  co.,  Md. 

Ox'cnhope,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  8  ibUm 
by  rail  W.  of  Bradford.     Pop.  2328. 

Ox'ford,  or  Oxrordshirc,  ox'ford-shir,  a  eentrnl 
county  of  England,  having  S.  the  co.  of  Berks,  from  which 
it  is  wholly  separated  by  the  Thames.  Area,  739  square 
miles.  Surface  mostly  level  or  undulating,  except  in  the 
S.,  where  it  is  traversed  by  the  Chiltern  Hills.  Soil  in  the 
N.  a  fertile  loam,  elsewhere  gravelly  or  thin.  Principal 
rivers,  the  Thame,  Cherwell,  Windrush,  and  Kvcnlode,  af. 
fluents  of  the  Thames.  Barley,  wheat,  and  turnips  are  the 
main  crops.  Stock  of  sheep  large,  es))eeially  on  the  Chil- 
tern Range.  The  Oxford  Canal,  91  miles  in  length,  tmv- 
erses  the  county  from  N.  to  S.,  connecting  the  Tboinei 
with  the  Coventry  Canal,  and  through  it  with  the  Mersey, 
Severn,  and  Trent,  and  the  railway-lines  are  numerous. 
Principal  towns,  Oxford,  Banbury,  Woodstock,  and  Henley. 
The  county  sends  three  members  to  the  House  of  Cominoiu, 
and  two  are  sent  by  the  university.  Roman  remains  are 
numerous  in  the  county.     Pop.  (1891)  185,938. 

Oxford  (L.  Oxo'nia),  a  city,  the  seat  of  one  of  tht 
principal  universities  of  England,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Ox- 
ford, between  the  junction  of  the  Isis  nnd  Cherwell,  here 
crossed  by  numerous  bridges,  65  miles  W.N.W.  of  London, 
at  a  railway  junction.  A  part  of  the  municipality  is  in 
the  CO.  of  Bucks.  It  stands  in  an  undulating  amphitheatre, 
and  presents  a  magnificent  appearance  with  its  numerous 
spires  and  domes.  The  Higti  street,  proceeding  from  E.  to 
W.  and  entered  by  a  handsome  stone  bridge  over  the  Cher- 
well, is  a  noble  thoroughfare.  In  it  are  Magdalen,  All 
Souls',  Queen's,  and  University  Colleges,  and  the  University 
church.  At  right  angles  with  this  street  is  another  line, 
upwards  of  1  mile  in  length.  In  this  are  Christcliurch  Col- 
lege and  the  town  hall,  and  its  N.  part  is  ornamented  with 
rows  of  elms.  Parallel  to  High  street  is  Broad  street,  in 
which  are  Baliol,  Trinity,  and  Exeter  Colleges,  the  Ash- 
molcan  Museum,  Clarendon  rooms,  theatre,  and  academical 
schools,  with  the  Bodleian  Library  and  ])icturo-gallcry. 

The  cathedral  of  Oxford,  attached  to  Christchurch  Col- 
lege, is  an  edifice  of  different  styles  between  the  twelfth 
and  sixteenth  centuries,  with  a  8])ire  140  feet  in  height.  Its 
see  comprises  the  co.  of  Oxford  and  the  archdeaconries  of 
Berks  and  Bucks.  Other  churches  are  St.  Mary's  church, 
with  a  spire  180  feet  in  height,  Carfax,  or  St.  Martin's, 
St.  Peter's  in  the  East,  the  oldest  existing  church  in 
Oxford,  St.  Mary  Magdalen,  a  handsome  church  in  the 
decorated  style,  St.  John's,  All  Saints',  and  St.  Giles'.  In 
the  city  are  also  10  other  benefices.  Besides  the  colleges, 
the  principal  buildings  are  the  town  and  county  hall,  music 
hall,  city  bridewell,  session  house,  county  jail  (a  Gothic 
embattled  structure  on  the  site  of  the  ancient  castle),  the 
market-houses,  Radcliffe  Infirmary,  house  of  industry  for  11 
parishes,  many  almshouses,  and  chapels  for  Romau  Catho- 
lics, Methodists,  Independents,  and  Baptists. 

Oxford  has  large  diocesan  and  national  schools,  numer- 
ous  charitable  endowments,  and  several  banks.  It  is  gov- 
erned, exclusive  of  the  university,  by  a  mayor,  9  alder- 
men, and  30  councillors,  and  is  the  seat  of  quarter  and 
petty  sessions,  of  a  mayor's  court  and  court  of  hustings,  and 
of  assizes  and  monthly  courts  for  the  county.  It  sends  two 
members  to  the  House  of  Commons  for  the  town,  and  two 
members  for  the  university. 

The  University  of  Oxford  consists  of  21  colleges  and  5 
halls.  Their  names  and  dates  of  foundation  are  as  follows : 
University  College  (872),  Baliol  (about  1263),  Merton 
(1264),  Exeter  (1314),  Oriel  (1326),  Queen's  (1340),  New 
College  (1386),  Lincoln  (1427),  All  Souls'  (1437),  Magdalen 
(1456),  Brasenose  (1509),  Corpus  Christi  (1516),  Christ- 
church  (1525),  Trinity  (1554),  St.  John's  (1557),  Jesus 
(1571),  Hertford  (1602),  AVadham  (1613),  Pembroke  (1620), 
Worcester  (1714),  Keble  College  (1870),  and  St.  Mary,  New 
Inn,  St.  Alban,  Charsley's,  and  St.  Edmund  Halls. 

Besides  the  buildings  of  each  individual  college  and  hall, 
there  are  others  of  a  magnificent  description,  belonging  to 
all  in  common,  or  to  the  university  properly  so  called.  Of 
these  the  most  remarkable  are  the  theatre,  built  by  Sir 
Christopher  Wren  and  so  arranged  as  to  accommodate  nearly 
4000  persons;  the  buildings  called  the  Schools,  used  for  the 
examination  of  candidates  for  degrees,  and  partly  accommo- 
dating the  rich  treasures  of  the  Bodleian  Libr.iry,  which  oc- 
cupies one  side  of  the  quadrangle ;  the  Ashmolean  Museum ; 
the  Radcliffe  Library,  a  splendid  structure;  the  Radcliffe 
Observatory  ;  the  Clarendon,  used  as  a  geological  museum, 
lecture-rooms,  and  public  offices ;  University  printing-office ; 
and  the  Taylor  and  Randolph  Institution,  a  magnificent 
range  of  buildings,  partly  for  the  custody  of  works  of  art 
and  partly  as  a  foundation  for  the  teaching  of  modern  Ian- 


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guagcs.     In  connection  with  the  university  may  be  men- 
tioned the  botanic  garden,  with  the  Fielding  Herbarium. 

University  College  claims  to  have  been  founded  by  Alfred. 
It  is  certain  that  Oxford  was  a  seat  of  learning  as  early  as 
the  time  of  Edward  the  Confessor.  It  was  a  principal  resi- 
dence of  numerous  Saxon,  Danish,  and  Norman  monarchs. 
Pop.  45,741.  The  university  has  sent  two  members  to  the 
House  of  Commons  since  the  time  of  Edward  I. A  stu- 
dent of  Oxford  is  called  an  Oxonian,  ox-o'ne-an. 

Oxford,  ox'fgrd,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Maine, 
borders  on  New  Hampshire.  Area,  estimated  at  1892  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Androscoggin  River,  and 
also  drained  by  the  Saco  River  and  other  minor  streams. 
The  surface  is  partly  hilly  or  mountainous,  and  is  diversi- 
fied with  small  lakes  and  extensive  forests,  in  which  the 
fugar-maple  and  pine  abound.  The  soil  in  some  places  is 
fertile.  Hay,  oats,  potatoes,  butter,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and 
hops  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  of  Canada  and  the  Portland  & 
Ruinford  Falls  Railroad.  Capital,  Paris.  Pop.  in  1870, 
33,488;  in  1880,  32,627;  in  1890,  30,586, 

Oxford,  a  post-village  of  Calhoun  co.,  Ala.,  on  theSel- 
ma,  Rome  ifc  Dalton  Railroad,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Talladega. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  the  Oxford  Col- 
lege.    Pop.  about  1000. 

Oxford,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  township.  New  Haven 
CO.,  Conn.,  about  15  miles  N.W,  of  New  Haven.  It  has  3 
churches.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Nau- 
gatuck  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Housatonic  River.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1338. 

Oxford,  a  post-village  of  Newton  co.,  Ga.,  about  38 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Atlanta,  and  2  miles  N.  of  Covington  Sta- 
tion on  the  Georgia  Railroad.  Here  is  Emory  College 
(Methodist  Episcopal),  which  was  organized  in  1838  and 
has  a  library  of  10,600  volumes.  Six  fine  buildings  have 
been  erected  for  this  college.  It  contains  2  churches  and 
the  Palmer  Institute.     Pop.  665. 

Oxford,  a  post-village  of  Oneida  co.,  Idaho,  22  miles 
N.W.  of  Franklin.     It  has  a  church. 

Oxford,  a  post-hamlet  in  Oxford  township,  Henry  co., 
111.,  17  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Galesburg,  and  1  mile  S.W.  of 
Alpha.     Pop.  of  township,  1327. 

Oxford,  a  post-village  in  Oak  Grove  township,  Benton 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Blooraington  division  of  the  Wabash  Rail- 
road, 23  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Lafayette.     It  has  a  newspaper 
ofBce,  an  academy,  4  churches,  and  a  bank.     Pop.  519. 
,  Oxford,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  township,  Johnson  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  15 
miles  AV.N.W.  of  Iowa  City,  and  3  miles  S.  of  the  Iowa 
River.    It  has  4  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  carriage- 
factory.     Pop.  about  600 ;  of  the  township,  1436. 
Oxford,  a  township  of  Jones  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  975. 
Oxford,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  Kansas.   Pop.  1939, 
It  contains  Stanley. 

Oxford,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  township,  Sumner 
CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Arkansas  River,  about  12  miles  E.  of 
Wellington.     Pop.  about  400;  of  the  township,  1052. 

Oxford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Ky.,  22  miles  E.  by 
N.of  Frankfort,  and  2i  miles  from  the  Cincinnati  Southern 
Railroad.     It  has  3  churches. 

Oxford,  a  post-village  of  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  in  a  township 
of  the  same  name,  on  a  small  lake,  and  near  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railroad  (Oxford  Station),  about  15  miles  W.  by 
N.  of  Lewiston,  and  41  miles  N.N.W.  of  Portland.  It  con- 
tains 2  churches,  a  woollen-mill,  and  other  mills.  Pop.  of 
|Uie  township,  1455. 

^Oxford,  a  suburban  village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  1  mile 
Rof  Baltimore.  It  has  a  church  built  of  marble  and  granite, 
TOd  several  fine  residences. 

Oxford,  a  post-village  of  Talbot  co.,  Md.,  on  a  naviga- 
ble arm  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  called  Third  Haven  River,  and 
on  the  Maryland  <fc  Delaware  Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of 
Easton.     It  is  a  summer  resort.     Pop.  in  1890,  1135. 

Oxford,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  township,  Worcester 
eo.,  Mass.,  on  French  River,  and  on  the  Norwich  &  Worcester 
Railroad,  11  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Worcester  City,  and  about 
iS  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Boston.  It  contains  a  fine  town  hall, 
i  national  bank,  a  high  school,  5  churches,  a  public  library, 
ind  extensive  manufactories  of  boots  and  shoes.  The 
township  contains  also  North  Oxford,  and  has  several  cot- 
!on-mills  and  woollen-mills.     Pop.  of  township,  2938. 

Oxford,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  township,  Oakland 
».,  Mich.,  on  the  Detroit  &  Bay  City  Railroad,  44  miles  N. 
Jy  W.  of  Detroit,  and  16  miles  S.  of  Lapeer.  It  is  near 
leveral  little  lakes.  It  has  a  union  school,  3  churches,  a 
oundry,  a  newspaper  office,  and  2  carriage-factories.  Pod. 
n  1890,  1128;  of  the  township,  2080. 


Oxford,  a  post-village  of  Isanti  co.,  Minn.,  in  North 
Branch  township,  about  33  miles  N.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Oxford,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lafayette  co..  Miss., 
on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad,  29  miles 
S.  of  Holly  Springs,  and  46  miles  N.N.E.  of  Grenada.  Hero 
is  the  University  of  Mississippi,  which  was  founded  by  the 
state  in  1848.  Connected  with  this  university  is  a  college 
of  agriculture  and  mechanic  arts,  organized  in  1872.  Ox- 
ford has  4  or  5  churches  and  a  newspaper  office.    Pop.  1534. 

Oxford,  a  post-village  in  Green  township.  Worth  co.. 
Mo.,  near  a  branch  of  Grand  River,  about  55  miles  N.N.E. 
of  St.  Joseph.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  high  school. 

Oxford,  or  Oxford  Furnace,  a  post-village  in  Ox- 
ford township,  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Delaware,  Lacka- 
wanna <fc  Western  Railroad,  5  miles  E.S.E.  of  Belvidcre, 
about  30  miles  AV.  of  Morristown,  and  15  miles  N.E.  of 
Easton,  Pa.  It  contains  4  or  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
a  rolling-mill,  2  iron-furnaces,  a  nail-factory,  a  foundry,  a 
machine-shop,  a  flour-mill,  <tc.  It  is  the  most  populous  vil- 
lage in  the  county,  except  Phillipsburg.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship in  1890,  4002.     Here  is  Oxford  Post-Office. 

Oxford,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  township,  Chenango 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  a  deep  valley,  on  the  Chenango  River,  and  on 
the  Chenango  Canal,  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Norwich,  and  33 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Binghamton.  It  is  on  the  Utica,  Chenango 
&  Susquehanna  Valley  Railroad  and  the  New  York  &  Os- 
wego Midland  Railroad.  It  has  a  beautiful  situation 
amidst  fertile  hills  and  dairy-farms.  It  contains  6  churches, 
a  national  bank,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  several 
mills,  and  a  manufactory  of  hoes  and  edge-tools.  Pop. 
1477;  of  the  township,  3138, 

Oxford,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Granville  co.,  N.C, 
in  Oxford  township,  12  miles  W.  of  Henderson  Railroad 
Station,  and  about  42  miles  N.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  a  court- 
house, an  orphan  asylum,  4  churches,  several  tobacco- 
factories,  and  3  newspaper  offices.  Tobacco  is  the  staple 
product  of  the  county.  P,  in  1890,  2007  ;  of  township,  5793. 

Oxford,  a  post-village  m  Oxford  township,  Butler  co., 
0.,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Indianapolis  Railroad, 
14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Hamilton,  and  39  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Cincinnati.  It  contains  8  churches,  the  Oxford  Female 
College,  the  Western  Female  Seminary,  2  banks,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  a  manufactory  of  agricultural  implements, 
and  is  the  seat  of  Miami  University  (non-sectarian),  which 
was  founded  by  the  state  in  1824  and  has  a  library  of 
9000  volumes.     Pop,  1738;  of  the  township,  3959, 

Oxford,  a  hamlet  in  Oxford  township,  Coshocton  co., 
0.,  on  the  Pan-Handle  Railroad,  lOi  miles  E.of  Coshocton. 
It  has  2  churches.  Here  is  White  Eyes  Plains  Post-Office. 
Pop.  of  township,  1140. 

Oxford,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  0.  Pop.  1250. 
It  contains  Ashley. 

Oxford,  a  township  of  Erie  co.,  0.     Pop.  1238, 

Oxford,  a  township  of  Guernsey  co.,  0.  Pop.  1709. 
It  contiiins  Fairview  and  Middletown, 

Oxford  (Killbuck  Post-Office),  a  village  of  Holmes  co., 
0.,  on  Killbuck  Creek,  at  Killbuck  Station,  6  miles  S.W,  of 
Millersburg.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  116. 

Oxford,  a  township  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.  Pop.  1667. 
It  contains  Newconierstown. 

Oxford,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Pa,  Pop.  1322,  It 
contains  New  Oxford, 

Oxford,  a  post-borough  in  Lower  Oxford  township, 
Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Baltimore  Central 
Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Peach  Bottom  Railroad, 
52  miles  W.S.W,  of  Philadelphia,  and  about  28  miles  W.  of 
Wilmington,  Del,  Oxford  contains  the  Oxford  Female 
Seminary,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  6  churches,  ai 
newspaper  office,  and  a  carriage-factory ;  and  about  2  miles 
distant  is  Lincoln  University  (Presbyterian).     Pop.  1502. 

Oxford,  a  village  of  Cache  co.,  Utah.     Pop.  149. 

Oxford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Doddridge  co.,  W.  Va.,  6 
miles  S.  of  Toll  Gate  Station.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Oxford,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  township,  Marquette 
CO.,  Wis.,  about  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Portage  City.     It  has 

2  churches,  a   graded   school,  and  a  flouring-mill.     Pop. 
about  400;  of  the  township,  542. 

Ox'ford,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Ontario,  has  an  area 
of  385,609  acres.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Great  Western 
Railway,  which  passes  through  Woodstock,  its  capital,  and 
by  the  Canada  Southern  Railway.     Pop.  48,237. 

Oxford,  a  post-village  in  Cumberland  co..  Nova  Scotia, 

3  J  miles  from  River  Philip.    It  contains  woollen-,  edge-tool-, 
and  wooden-ware-factories,  and  several  saw-mills.     P,  150. 

Oxford,  Essex  co.,  Ontario.    See  Oxley. 

Oxford  Church,  Pennsylvania.    See  Cheltenham. 


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Oxford  Depot)  a  post-hatutot  of  Oran;;e  oo.,  N.Y.,  on 
tbo  Erie  lUilroad,  16  milet  E.S.E.  of  Middletown.  It  has 
2  churohea. 

Oxford  Furnace,  Now  Jersey.    Sec  Oxford. 

Oxford  I'liriuicCf  a  post-office  of  Campbull  uc,  Va. 

Oxford  Junction,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  townsltip, 
Jonea  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the  Saoula,  Aclcley  &  Dakota  Railroivd 
nliore  it  crosses  the  Davenport  A,  Northwestern  Hailroad, 
40  miles  £.  of  Cedar  Kapids.     It  has  a  church  and  1  or  2 

^rehouses  for  grain.     Pop.  about  350. 

Oxford  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  township,  Jones 
o.,  Iowa,  on  the  Wapsipinioon  lliver,  and  on  the  Davenport 
A  Northwestern  Railroad,  42  miles  N.N.W.  of  Davenport. 
It  has  a  ohuruh  and  1  or  2  flouring-mills. 

Oxford  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Grenville  oo.,  Ontario, 
5  miles  S.W.  of  Keuiptville.  It  has  good  water-power,  2 
hotels,  and  several  mills  and  stores.     Pop.  150. 

Oxford's  Ford,  a  post-office  of  CaUiwba  co.,  N.C.,  on 
the  Catawba  lliver. 

Oxfordshire,  England.    See  Oxford. 

Oxford  Valley,  a  post-village  of  liucks  oo..  Pa.,  1  mile 
from  Woodbourne  Station,  which  is  24  miles  N.E.  of  Phila- 
delphia. It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  a  public  hall,  a 
coach-factor}',  and  about  20  dwellings. 

Ox'hey,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  and  20  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Hertford. 

Oxia,  o\-ee'&,  one  of  the  smaller  Ionian  islands,  off 
Cape  Skropha,  Acarnania.     Length.  4  miles. 

Oxise,  an  ancient  name  of  the  Kurzolari  Islands. 

Oxixares,  a  village  of  Spain.    See  Ojijares. 

Ox'ley,  or  Oxford,  a  post-village  in  Essex  co.,  On- 
tario, on  Lake  Eric,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Amhcrtsburg.  It 
contains  3  stores  and  several  mills.     Pop.  150. 

Ox'ley's  Table-Laud,  Central  Australia,  an  ele- 
vated and  verdant  region.     Lat.  30°  S. ;  Ion.  145°  43'  E, 

Ox'moor,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
South  &  North  Alabama  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Birming- 
ham. It  has  3  churches,  and  2  furnaces  which  produce 
daily  80  tons  of  pig-iron.     Pop.  in  1890,  556. 

Ox'na,  one  of  the  Shetland  Islands,  Scotland,  4  miles 
S.W.  of  Scalloway. 

Oxonia,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Osma. 

Oxomeria,  ox-o-m^-ree'i,  a  town  on  the  W.  shore  of 
the  island  of  Tino,  Grecian  Archipelago.     Pop.  2000. 

Oxonia,  the  ancient  name  of  Oxford  (England). 

Ox'toby,  a  station  in  Clark  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cincinnati, 
Sandusky  A  Cleveland  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Springfield, 
and  14  miles  W.  of  London. 

Oxus,  a  river  of  Asia.    See  Amoo-Dabta. 

Ox'vilie,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  Ga. 

Oxyris,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Oriujs. 

Oxyrynchus,  Egypt.    See  Behneseh. 

Oyak,  a  river  of  Guiana.     See  Ouya. 

Oyapok,  or  Oyapock,  o'yd-pok',  a  river  of  South 
America,  separating  French  Guiana  from  Brazil,  joins  the 
Atlantic  by  an  estuary  18  miles  across,  70  miles  S.E.  of  Ca- 
yenne, in  lat.  4°  N.,  after  a  N.E.  course  of  180  miles. 
On  it,  25  miles  from  the  sea,  is  the  village  of  Oyapok,  with 
a  pop.  of  635. 

Oyarzun,  o-yan-thoon'  (anc.  CEa'so  or  (Eas'so),  a  town 
of  Spain,  in  Guipuzcoa,  7  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Sebastian,  near 
the  river  Oyarzun.     Pop.  4470. 

Oycke,  o-ik'k§h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flan- 
ders, 14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  1330. 

Oyc,  wi,  almost  wi,  a  village  of  France,  in  Pas-de- 
Calais,  18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Saint-Omer.     Pop.  1640. 

Oyens,  oi'^nz,  a  post-office  of  Plymouth  co.,  Iowa. 

Oyghem,  o-i'gh?m,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Flanders,  on  the  Lys,  19  miles  S.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  1076. 

Oyolava,  an  island  of  the  Pacific.    See  Ojalava. 

Oyonnax,  o'yon'ni',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ain,  8  miles 
N.E.  of  Nantua.  It  has  manufactures  of  silk  goods,  combs, 
lumber,  Ac.     Pop.  3335. 

Oy'ster,  an  island  in  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  off  the  Ara- 
can  coast.     Lat.  20°  12'  N. ;  Ion.  92°  32'  E. 

Oy'ster,  an  island  in  the  China  Sea,  about  30  miles  E. 
of  Amoy.     Lat.  24°  38'  N.;  Ion.  118°  39'  E. 

Oyster  Bay,  of  New  York,  extends  from  Long  Island 
Sound  into  Queens  co. 

Oyster  Bay,  Tasmania,  is  on  the  W.  coast,  in  lat.  42° 
40'  S.,  Ion.  148°  2'  E. 

Oyster  Bay,  a  post-village  and  watering-place  in 
Oyster  Bay  township.  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  an  inlet  of 
Long  Island  Sound,  about  30  miles  E.  by  N.  of  New  York, 
and  24  miles  N.  of  Syosset.  It  contains  6  churches.  Steam- 
boats ply  between  this  place  sind  New  York.  The  town- 
ship is  bounded  N.  by  Long  Island  Sound,  and  S.  by  the 


Atlantic  Ocean.     It  contains  Qlcn  Cove  and  other  vIIImm, 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  13,870.  „ 

Oyster  Creek,  Texas,  Hows  nearly  parallel  with  BrttM 
River,  through  Fort  Bend  and  Brazos  cos.,  and  enters  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico. 

Oyster  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Brazoria  co.,  Tex.,  abd 
a  station  on  the  railroad  from  Columbia  to  Uouston,  8  miles 
£.  of  Columbia.     Here  are  2  churches. 
^  Oyster  Harbor,  Southwest  Australia,  is  an  inlet  of 
King  (Jeorge  Sound,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Albany. 

Oyster  Island,  of  Ireland,  co.  and  4  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Sligo,  in  Sligo  Bay.     It  has  two  light-liouses. 

Oy'stermoutli,  a  sea  bathing-place  of  Wales,  oo.  of 
Glamorgan,  5  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Swansea,  on  Swauea 
Bay.     It  hiis  an  oyster-fishery.     Pop.  of  parish,  3574. 

Oyster  Pond,  New  York.    See  Ohiknt. 

Oyster  Ponds,  or  Goose  Harbor,  a  post-hamlet 
in  Guysborough  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  Chedabucto  Bay,  14 
miles  from  Guysborough.     Pop,  100. 

Oy'stervillc,  a  post-village,   capiUvl  of    Pacific  co.,  ] 
Washington,  is  on  the  W.  shore  of  Shoalwater  Bay,  about  i 
1  mile  from  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  75  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Olympia.     It  has  a  church  and  an  oyster-fishery.     P.  104. 

O.  Z.,  a  post-office  of  El  Paso  co,.  Col. 

Ozaka,  a  city  of  Jajjan.    See  Osaka. 

Ozama,  o-s&'mfl.,  a  river  of  Ilayti,  rises  in  the  central 
range  of  the  island,  flows  first  S.E.,  then  S.W.,  and  enters 
the  sea  at  Santo  Domingo.     Length,  50  miles, 

O'zan',  a  post-hamlet  of  Hempstead  co,.  Ark,,  30  mile» 
W,N,W,  of  Prescott,     It  has  2  churches, 

Ozara,  a  village  of  Hungary.    See  Ozora. 

O^zark',  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Missouri,  bordering 
on  Arkansas,  has  an  area  of  780  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  North  Fork  of  White  River,  and  also  drained 
by  Bryant's  Fork  of  the  same,  and  Beaver  Creek.  The 
surface  is  hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of 
pine  and  other  trees.  Indian  corn  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Capital,  Gainesville.  Pop.  in  1870,  3303 :  in 
1880,  5618;  in  1890,  9795. 

Ozark,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dale  co.,  Ala.,  about 
45  miles  S.W.  of  Eufaula.  It  has  3  churches,  a  tannery,  2 
grist-mills,  several  saw-mills,  general  stores,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  in  1890,  1195. 

Ozark,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Franklin  co..  Ark.,  on 
the  N,  bank  of  the  Arkansas  River,  and  on  the  Little  Hock 
A  Fort  Smith  Railroad,  43  miles  below  Fort  Smith,  and  I2fi 
miles  W,N,W,  of  Little  Rock,  It  has  a  newspaper  office, 
4  churches,  an  academy,  Ac,     Pop,  in  1890,  802, 

Ozark,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co,,  Iowa,  on  Beaver 
Creek,  about  24  miles  S.S.W.  of  Dubuque.  It  has  a 
flouring-mill  and  a  woollen-factory. 

Ozark,  a  township  of  Anderson  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  214. 
It  contains  Colony,  Welda,  and  Elizabethtown. 

Ozark,  a  post-office  in  Rich  township,  Anderson  co., 
Kansas,  about  32  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Fort  Scott. 

Ozark,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Christian  co..  Mo.,  on 
Finley  Creek,  about  15  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Springfield,  It 
has  2  newspaper  offices,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Ozark,  Iron  co..  Mo.    See  Ozark  Mills. 

Ozark,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co..  Mo.    Pop.  1752. 

Ozark,  Phelps  co..  Mo.     See  Ozark  Iron  AVorks. 

Ozark,  a  township  of  Texas  co,.  Mo,     Pop.  638, 

Ozark,  a  township  of  Webster  co,.  Mo,  Pop,  3485.  It 
contains  Marshfield, 

Ozark,  a  post-offioe  of  Monroe  co,,  0, 

Ozark  Iron  Works,  a  post-village  in  Arlington  town- 
ship, Phelps  CO.,  Mo,,  on  the  St.  Louis  A  San  Francisco 
Railroad,  at  Ozark  Station,  10  miles  W,  of  RoUa.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  blast-furnace  for  pig-iron. 

Ozark  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Iron  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
St.  Louis  A  Iron  Mountain  Railroad,  at  Ozark  Station,  104 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  St.  Louis.     It  has  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Ozark  Mountains,  <an  irregular  group  of  hills  of  the 
United  States,  W,  of  the  Mississippi,  in  Arkansas  and  Mis- 
souri, extending  N,E.  and  S,W,  between  the  Arkansas  and 
Missouri  Rivers,  and  partly  in  the  Indian  Territory. 

Ozau'kee,  a  county  in  the  E,  part  of  Wisconsin,  has 
an  area  of  about  230  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  Lake  Michigan,  is  intersected  by  Milwaukee  River,  and 
also  drained  by  Mequon  River.  The  surface  is  undulating, 
and  nearly  one-third  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple 
products.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Milwaukee  A  Northern 
Railroad  and  the  Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore  A  Western  Rail- 
road. The  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad  touches  its 
S.W.  corner.  Capital,  Port  Washington.  Pop.  in  1870, 
15,564;  in  1880,  15,461;  in  1890,  14,943. 


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Ozawkie,  Ozaukee,  or  Osawkie,  a  post-village 
of  Jefferson  CO.,  Kansas,  in  Ozawkie  township,  on  the  Del- 
aware River,  and  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  about  20 
miles  N.E.  of  Topeka,  and  8  miles  \V.  of  Oskaloosa,  which 
is  the  capital  of  Jefferson  County.  It  contains  4  churches 
and  1  or  2  flour-mills.  Pop.  of  the  township  in  1880,  965; 
in  1S90,  1078. 

O'zean'a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  Va.,  near  the 
Rappahannock  River,  and  about  8  miles  S.  of  Tappahan- 
nock,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Ozegna,  od-z5n'y5,  a  village  of  Italy,  division  of  Turin, 
province  and  about  10  miles  from  Ivrea. 


Ozense,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Oojein. 

Ozieri,  o-ze-d'ree,  or  Othieri,  o-te-d'ree,  a  town  of 
the  island  of  Sardinia,  province  and  29  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Sassari.  Pop.  7965.  It  has  a  church,  and  a  college  and 
hospital. 

Ozone,  o-zon',  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Ark. 

Ozora,  o^zo'roh*,  or  Ozara,  o'zoh'r6h\  a  village  of 
Hungary,  co.  of  Tolna,  30  miles  S.  of  Stuhlweissenburg. 
Pop.  3800. 

Ozorkow,  Ozorkov,  or  Osorkow,  o-son'kov,  a 
town  of  Poland,  76  miles  W.S.W.  of  Warsaw.  It  has  a 
great  spinning-mill.    Fop.  9058. 


P. 


Pa,  or  Ba-Thang,  or  Batang,  blHlng',  a  town  of 
China,  province  of  Se-Chuen,  on  the  Kin-Sha-Kiang  River, 
near  the  border  of  Thibet.  Some  authorities  make  it  the 
capital  of  the  province  of  Kham,  or  Kum,  in  Chinese  Thibet. 
Pop.  6000. 

Paal,  a  village  of  Belgium.    See  Pael. 

Paauopa,  pLno'pS,,  or  Ocean  Island,  in  the  North 
Pacific  Ocean,  la't.  0°  50'  N.,  Ion.  167°  40'  E.,  is  of  a  cir- 
cular form,  and  about  15  miles  in  circumference. 

Paar,  pin,  a  river  of  Bavaria,  rises  near  Friedburg, 
flows  N.N.E.,  and  joins  the  Danube  on  the  right,  5  miles 
below  Ingolstadt.     Total  course,  70  miles. 

Paarl,  psVal,  or  The  Paarl,  a  town  of  the  Cape  Col- 
ony, at  a  railway  junction,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Cape  Town.  It 
is  a  pleasant  town,  with  streets  shaded  with  oak  trees. 
Pop.  5760. 

Pab'ba,  or  Pab'bay,  three  islets  of  the  Hebrides,  in 
Scotland,  co.  of  Inverness,  one  at  the  N.W.  end  of  the 
Sound  of  Harris,  3i  miles  N.  of  Bernera,  another  6i  miles 
S.  of  Barra,  divided  from  Sandra  by  Pabba  Sound,  and 
the  third  in  Broadford  Bay,  Isle  of  Skyc. 

Pabellon,  pi-vfil-yijn',  a  town  of  Chili,  province  of 
Atacama,  26  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Chaiiarcillo. 

Pabellon  de  Pica,  pi-vfil-y6n'  di  pee'ki,  a  seaport 
of  Chili,  50  miles  S.  of  Iquique.    Here  are  beds  of  guano. 

Pabianize,  pi-be-i-neo'z4,  a  town  of  Poland,  gov- 
ernment of  Petrikau.     Pop.  5527. 

Pabillonis,  pd-bil-lo'nis,  or  Pavillonis,  pi-vil-lo'- 
nis,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sardinia,  20  miles  S.  of  Oris- 
tano,  on  the  Sairo.     Pop.  1277. 

Pabua,  pib'na,  less  correctly  Pubna,  pub'na,  a  dis- 
trict of  Bengal.  Lat.  23°  48'-24°  47'  N. ;  Ion.  89°  3'-89°  56' 
E.  Area,  1838  square  miles.  Capital,  Pabna.  Pop.  1,211,594. 
It  is  bounded  S.  by  the  Ganges,  and  E.  by  the  Brahma- 
pootra. It  is  a  level,  fertile  plain,  traversed  by  many 
water-courses. 

Pabna,  also  called  Pubna,  a  town  of  India,  capital 
of  Pabna  district,  near  the  Ganges,  in  lat.  24°  N.,  Ion.  89° 
17' 25"  E.  It  is  not  densely  built.  It  contains  government 
buildings,  a  hospital,  and  indigo-works.     Pop.  15,730, 

Pabos,  Quebec.     See  Grand  Pabos. 

Pacaja,  pi-ki-zhl',  Pacxjaz,  pi-ki-zhiz',  or  Pa- 
caya,  p4-k3,-yi',  a  river  of  Brazil,  state  of  Pard,  joins 
the  estuary  S.  of  the  island  of  Marajo  and  W.  of  Oeiras, 
after  a  N.  course  of  150  miles. 

Pacajes,  or  Pacaxes,  pi-ki'nSs,  a  town  of  Bolivia, 
department  and  100  miles  S.S.E.  of  La  Paz,  on  an  affluent 
of  the  Desaguadero.  The  Sierra  de  Pacajes  (se-fiu'Ri 
di  pi-kS,'n5s),  not  far  from  the  above,  rises  to  15,100  feet, 
and  is  connected  with  the  Cordilleras  of  the  Andes. 

Pacaraima,  Sierra.    See  Sierra  Pacaraima. 

Pncasmayo,  pi-kis-mi'o,  a  seaport  of  Peru,  90  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Caxamarca.  It  has  a  hospital,  and  an  iron 
pier  i  mile  long,  and  is  the  principal  port  of  a  fertile 
region.  It  exports  much  corn,  rice,  coffee,  tobacco,  Peru- 
vian bark,  sugar,  silver  ore,  Ac. 

Pacaiidiere,  La,  France.    See  La  Pacaudi^re. 

Pac'awa  Lake,  Wisconsin,  is  in  the  W.  part  of  Green 
Lake  co.,  and  is  an  expansion  of  Fox  River,  which  enters 
its  western  end  and  issues  from  the  eastern  end.  It  is  8  or 
9  miles  long,  and  nearly  2  miles  wide. 

Pacaya,  a  river  of  Brazil.    See  Pacaja. 

Pace,  pi'si',  a  village  of  Franco,  in  Ille-et-Vilaine,  4i 
miles  N.W.  of  Rennes.     Pop.  650. 


Paceco,  pi-chi'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  4  miles  S.E.  ot 
Trapani.     Pop.  4236. 

Pacentro,  p3.-ch6n'tro,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Aquila,  4  miles  E.  of  Sulmona.     Pop.  4032. 

Pace's,  a  station  in  Twiggs  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Macon  St 
Brunswick  Railroad,  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Macon. 

Pa'ces,  a  post-hamlet  of  Metcalfe  co.,  Ky.,  20  miles 
S.E.  of  Glasgow.     It  has  2  churches. 

Pacha,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Pasha. 

Pachacaca,  a  river  of  Peru.    See  Pachucaca. 

Fachacama,  pi-chi-ki-md,',  or  Pachacamac,  p&- 
chi-kd-mik',  a  village  of  Peru,  department  and  18  miles 
S.E.  of  Lima,  with  a  ruined  temple,  from  which  immense 
treasure  was  taken  by  Pizarro.  Opposite  -the  coast  hero  are 
the  islands  of  Pachacama. 

Pachaug,  a  hamlet  of  Connecticut.     See  Griswold. 

Facheco,  pl-chi'ko,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  18 
miles  S.E.  of  Murcia.     Pop.  1109. 

Facheco,  pi-chi'ko,  a  post-village  of  Contra  Costa  co., 
Cal.,  on  San  Ramon  Creek,  4  miles  from  its  entrance  into 
Suisun  Bay,  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  San  Francisco.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  public  school. 

Facheco,  a  station  in  Marin  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  North 
Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  19  miles  N.N.W.  of  San  Francisco. 

Facheco  Peak,  California,  a  peak  of  the  Coast  Range, 
about  lat.  37°  N. 

Fachino,  pi-kee'no,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  of 
Syracuse,  12  miles  S.  of  Note,  and  4  miles  N.W.  of  Capo 
Passaro  (ano.  Pachy'num  Pronionto'rium,  whence  the  namo 
of  the  town).     Pop.  6452.     It  has  a  tunny-fishery. 

Fachitea,  pi-che-ti'i,  a  river  of  Peru,  rises  in  the  E. 
slope  of  the  Andes,  about  lat.  11°  S.,  flows  circuitously  N., 
and  joins  the  Ucayale  on  the  left,  after  a  course  of  200  miles. 

Pachit'la  Creek,  Georgia,  drains  part  of  Calhoun  co., 
runs  S.,  and  enters  Ichawaynochaway  Creek  in  Baker  co. 

Fa-Choo,  pi^choo',  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Po- 
Chee-Lee,  capital  of  a  district,  50  miles  S.  of  Peking. 

Fachuca,  pi-choo'ki,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  and  50 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Mexico,  on  the  route  to  Tampico.  It  has 
a  fine  church.     In  its  vicinity  are  silver-mines. 

Pachucaca,  pi-choo-ki'ki,  or  Pachacaca,  pl-chi- 
ki'ki,  a  river  of  Peru,  department  of  Cuzco,  rises  in  Lake 
Pachucaca,  in  the  Andes,  and  joins  the  Apurimao  after  a 
N.  course  estimated  at  130  miles. 

Pacific,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  AVashington,  has 
an  area  of  about  896  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  , 
S.  by  the  Columbia  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Pacifio  , 
Ocean.  It  is  intersected  in  the  northern  part  by  the  Willapa 
River,  which  runs  westward.  An  inlet  of  the  ocean,  called 
Willapa  Bay,  penetrates  far  into  the  interior  of  this  county. 
The  surface  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is 
partly  fertile.  Lumber,  wool,  butter,  and  potatoes  are  the 
staple  products.  Capital,  Oysterville.  Pop.  in  1870,  738; 
in  1880,  1645;  in  1890,  4358. 

Pacific,  a  township  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  818. 

Pacific,  Cook  co.,  111.    See  Pacific  Junction. 

Pacific,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Maramec  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco 
Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad, 
37  miles  AV.S.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  2  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  beds  of  fire-clay,  white  sand,  and  iron  ore. 
Pop.  1208. 

Pacific,  or  Youngs'ville,  a  post- village  of  FranWin 
CO.,  N.C.,  on  the  Raleigh  &  Gaston  Railroad,  22  miles  N. 


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by  E.  of  Raleigh.  It  haa  a  oburoh  and  S  or  4  itorea. 
The  nnme  of  iU  poit-offioe  is  PaciQo. 

PaciQCt  »  povt-hnmlct  in  Paoiflo  township,  Columbia 
00.,  Wis.,  on  the  £.  banli  or  tho  Wisconsin  River,  5  miles 
by  railway  S.  of  PortAKo.  The  township  contains  a  pop.  of 
247,  exclusive  of  tho  city  of  Portage. 

Pacific  City,  a  po^t-oiDce  of  Mills  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the 
u  K&nsM  City,  St.  Joseph  A  Council  Bluffs  Unilroad,  14  miles 
B.  of  Council  UluQs.     Tho  name  of  its  station  is  PooiOo. 

Pacific  Junction)  a  post-village  in  Jefferson  town- 
ship. Cook  00.,  III.,  on  the  Chicago  A  Pociflo  Railroad,  and 
on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  5  miles 
N.W.  of  Chicago. 

Pnciflc  Junction,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mills  co.,  Iowa, 
4  miles  from  tho  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  Burlington  & 
Missouri  River  Railroad,  at  its  Junction  with  the  Kansas 
City,  St.  Joseph  &  Council  Bluffs  Railroad,  17  miles  S.  of 
Council  Bluffs,  and  4  miles  W.  of  Glenwood. 

Pacific  Landing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crittenden  co., 
Ark.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  10  miles  above  Memphis. 

PaciFic  Ocean,  or  the  Great  South  Sea  (L. 
Ma're  Pacificum  ;  Fr.  OcfanAuttral,  o^BiCbtf'  OsHril',  3fer 
du  Sud,  main  dii  slid,  or  Orand-Octan-Pacijlqne,  gr6.Nd- 
o^sA^&ic'-pVsee'feek' :  Sp.  Afar  Pacifico,  ma«  p4-thee'fe-ko ; 
It.  Mare  Pacifico,  m&'ra  pi-chee'fc-ko  j  Oer.  S'udiee,  siid- 
■&,  Qrotter- Ocean,  gros'sQr-ot'sd-ftn,  or  Stillet-Meer,  stil'- 
Ifs-mair),  by  far  the  largest  of  the  great  divisions  of  water 
on  the  surface  of  the  globe,  extends  from  the  Arctic  to  the 
Antarctic  Circle,  over  133  degrees  of  latitude,  and  from 
the  W.  coast  of  America  to  Australia,  Papua,  Java,  Su- 
matra, and  the  E.  coast  of  Asia,  or  through  nearly  IGO  de- 
grees of  longitude.  Area,  estimated  at  70,000,000  square 
miles,  exceeding  that  of  all  the  dry  land  on  the  globe.  In 
ita  widest  part,  at  the  equator,  it  is  10,000  miles  across.  It 
is  nsually  divided  by  geographers  into  the  North  and  South 
Pacific,  separated  from  each  other  by  tho  equator.  The 
most  distinguishing  features  of  the  Pacific  are  the  count- 
less number  of  comparatively  small  islands  spread  over  its 
surface,  more  especially  of  its  equatorial  region,  and  the 
immense  chain  of  volcanoes  which  stretch  almost  continu- 
ously along  its  shores,  forming  one  vast  volcanic  circle. 
In  tho  S.  it  is  separated  from  the  Antarctic  Ocean  only  by 
an  arbitrary  line;  but  in  other  directions  both  its  bound- 
aries and  its  communications  with  other  oceans  are  well 
defined.  Its  coast-line  on  the  American  side,  though  gen- 
erally bold,  is  very  little  broken  by  inlets.  On  tho  Asiatic 
side  it  is  very  irregular ;  the  chief  inlets  are  the  Celebes, 
China,  and  Yellow  Seas,  with  the  Seas  of  Japan,  Okhotsk, 
and  Kamchatka.  Its  principal  island-groups,  proceeding 
from  W.  to  E.,  are  Japan,  the  Koorils,  Aleutians,  Ladrones, 
Carolines,  Solomon,  Queen  Charlotte's,  New  Hebrides,  Fee- 
jee.  Friendly,  Society,  Low,  Marquesas,  Hawaiian,  and 
Galapagos  Islands,  and  Now  Zealand,  besides  a  vast  multi- 
tude of  solitary  islands. 

Owing  to  the  vast  extent  of  the  Pacific,  the  general  laws 
oy  which  tides,  winds,  and  currents  are  regulated  suffer 
fewer  modifications  than  in  narrow  seas.  The  tidal  wave, 
commencing  at  the  equator,  diverges  from  it  towards  the 
poles,  and,  proceeding  with  vast  velocity  and  without  ob- 
struction, is  scarcely  perceptible  among  the  central  islands 
of  the  Pacific.  Hence,  in  the  Low  Archipelago,  at  Bow 
Island  and  Tahiti,  the  rise  is  only  1  foot,  and  at  the  Sand- 
wich Islands  2  feet.  It  is  only  when  by  the  proximity  of 
a  mainland,  or  by  other  similar  causes,  the  natural  course 
of  the  wave  is  changed  or  obstacles  to  its  progress  are  in- 
terposed, that  an  accumulation  takes  place  and  high  tides 
are  formed.  In  the  Pacific,  however,  these  never  attain 
the  maximum  heights  for  which  some  parts  of  tho  Atlantic 
and  Indian  Oceans  are  remarkable.  On  all  the  W.  coast 
of  America  it  is  usually  below  10  feet,  and  only  in  the  Bay 
of  Panama  it  varies  from  12  to  24  feet. 

The  prevailing  winds  of  the  Pacific,  like  those  of  other 
groat  seas,  are  divided  into  regular  or  trade  winds,  and 
variables,  the  former  blowing  from  the  S.E.  on  the  S.  and 
from  the  N.E.  on  the  N.  side  of  the  equator,  generally  within 
tho  tropics,  though  sometimes  extending  as  far  as  30  degrees 
on  either  side  of  it.  In  the  W.  and  N.W.  parts  of  the  Pacific 
the  influence  of  the  monsoons  of  tho  Indian  Ocean  is  strongly 
felt,  and  violent  typhoons,  for  which  the  China  Sea  is  noted, 
are  not  unfrequent.  In  the  E.,  along  the  whole  of  the  W. 
eoast  of  America,  the  winds  differ  greatly  both  in  direction 
and  character.  Between  Behring  Sea  and  lat.  30°  N,  the 
winds  blow,  in  all  seasons,  in  every  direction,  and  no  kind 
of  regularity  can  be  traced.  From  lat.  30°  to  6°  N.  the  pro- 
vailing  winds  strongly  resemble  monsoons,  blowing  gener- 
ally from  November  to  April  from  tho  N.W.  and  N.E.,  and 
from  May  to  October  from  the  S.  or  S.W.  and  S.E.    The 


regions  within  the  sphere  of  these  winds  are  subject  to  vio. 
lent  storms  and  tornadoes.  From  lut.  6°  N.  to  30°  8.  th» 
prevailing  winds  have  the  character  of  trade- winds;  and 
from  lat.  30°  8.  to  Cape  Horn  the  north  and  south  mon- 
soons recommence,  often  blowing  with  great  violence,  par- 
ticularly from  the  S.  As  the  Cupe  is  approached,  the  pre- 
vailing winds  become  S.W.  and  N.W.,  and  convert  th* 
whole  tract  within  their  sphere  into  a  region  of  storms. 

The  currents  of  tho  I'acific,  being  exhibited  on  a  mnch 
larger  scale  than  those  of  the  Atlantic,  arewiot  generally  so 
strongly  marked  as  the  currents  of  that  ocean.  The  Ant- 
arctic drift  current,  flowing  apparently  from  tho  icy  1. , 
riers  of  an  antarctic  continent,  enters  the  Pat-ific,  and,  »■ 
proceeding  N.  to  New  Zealand,  trends  E.,  and  rcUiiiis  tj ._ 
direction  till  it  impinges  on  the  W.  coast  of  Patagonia.  The 
obstacle  thus  encountered  divides  it  ipto  two  branches,  the 
smaller  of  which  takes  a  S.  direction  and  enters  tho  At!:> 
tic  by  doubling  Capo  Horn.  The  larger  branch,  tu  wh 
the  name  of  the  Peruvian  or  Humboldt's  current  has  Ix. 
given,  proceeds  N.  along  the  coast  of  South  America  till  it 
meets  a  new  obstacle  in  the  Isthmus  of  Panama.  Thence 
it  turns  W.,  and  proceeds,  under  the  name  of  the  South 
equatorial  current,  across  tho  whole  width  of  the  Pacific, 
without  meeting  with  any  obstacle,  till  it  reaches  its  W. 
boundaries,  when  one  part,  striking  the  coast  of  Australia, 
turns  S.,  and  forms  tho  Australian  current,  another  part, 
forcing  its  way  between  the  different  islands,  enters  and  is 
lost  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  and  a  third  part,  reflected 
by  the  coast  of  China,  turns  N.,  and,  on  reaching  the  isles 
of  Japan,  contributes  to  form  what  is  called  the  Japanese 
current.  The  configuration  of  the  islands  and  the  £.  coast 
of  Siberia,  and  a  strong  current  which  sets  in  from  the  N. 
through  Behring  Strait,  concur  in  giving  it  an  eastern  di- 
rection, which  again  carries  it  across  the  Pacific  to  the 
North  American  coast,  to  bo  there  again  deflected,  first  S. 
along  the  shores  of  the  Atlantic,  and  then  W.,  when  it  finally 
becomes  merged  in  what  is  called  the  North  equatorial  cur- 
rent. Between  the  North  and  South  equatorial  currents, 
another,  occupying  a  narrow  zone  between  them,  has  been 
traced,  and,  from  pursuing  an  opposite  direction,  has  re- 
ceived the  name  of  the  equatorial  counter-current.  The  in- 
fluence of  these  currents,  particularly  that  of  the  Peruvian 
or  Humboldt's  current,  in  lowering  tho  temperature  of  the 
warmer  regions  into  which  they  are  carried,  is  very  marked. 

The  Pacific  was  seen  for  the  first  time  from  its  E.  shores 
in  1513.  Vasco  Nufiez  do  Balboa,  the  Spanish  governor  of 
Daricn,  proceeding  on  native  information,  set  out  on  an 
exploring  expedition  across  the  isthmus,  and,  having  as- 
cended a  hill,  saw  the  boundless  ocean  spread  out  before 
him.  As  his  view  extended  chiefly  to  the  S.,  he  gave  it  the 
name  of  the  Mar  del  Sur,  or  South  Sea.  Before  Balboa's 
time  a  few  European  travellers  had,  however,  reached  the 
Chinese  shores.  It  received  its  present  name  from  the  cel- 
ebrated navigator  Magellan,  who  sailed  across  it  in  1521. 
In  the  eighteenth  century  its  different  parts  were  explored 
by  Behring,  Anson,  Byron,  Bougainville,  Cook,  Vancouver, 
Broughton,  La  Perouse,  <tc.,  and  in  the  present  century  by 
D'Entrecasteaux,  Krusenstern,  Beechcy,  Fitzroy,  D'Urville, 
Wilkes,  and  Sir  James  Ross. 

Paclcanga,  p&k-k&ng'g&,  a  town  of  the  Malay  Penin- 
sula, on  a  river  of  its  own  name,  in  lat.  3°  30'  N. 

Pacli'er,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Pa.,  about  44 
miles  S.E.  of  Oil  City. 

Pacli'erton,  a  post-village  of  Carbon  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Lehigh  River,  2  miles  below  Mauch  Chunk.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  hotel.  Here  are  the  large  workshops  of  the  Lehigh 
Valley  Railroad  Company,  in  which  about  600  men  ere 
employed  in  the  manufacture  of  coal-cars  and  freight-can- 
An  iron  railroad-bridge  crosses  the  river  here. 

Pacl^'erville,  or  Paclt'ersville,  a  post-hamlct  ' 
Windham  co.,  Conn.,  in  Canterbury  township,  near  tlo 
Quinebaug  River,  and  on  the  New  York  &  New  EngUini. 
Railroad,  31  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Willimantic,  and  about  11 
miles  N.E.  of  Norwich.    It  has  a  church  and  2  cotton-mills. 

Paclc  Sad'dle,  a  post-ofiice  of  Llano  co.,  Tex. 

Pack's  Ferry,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Summers  co.,  AV.  Va. 

Packs'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarendon  co.,  S.C, 
about  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Columbia. 

Packwau'kee,  a  post-village  in  Packwaukeo  town- 
ship, Marquette  co..  Wis.,  on  the  N.W.  shore  of  Buffalo 
Lake  (which  is  an  expansion  of  Fox  River),  and  on  the 
Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  16  miles  N.  of  Portage  City. 
It  has  a  church,  2  hotels,  3  stores,  and  about  100  families. 

Pack'wood,  a  township  of  Tulare  co.,  Cal.    Pop.  214. 

Paco,  pi'ko,  a  large  and  handsome  village  in  the  island, 
of  Luzon,  in  the  environs  of  Manila.  Many  of  the  inhabit-l 
ants  are  artists,  house-painters,  and  builders. 


PAG 


2097 


PAE 


j  Pacobahiba,  p3,-ko-b&-hee'bi,  a  village  and  parish 
i  of  Brazil,  state  o(  Kio  de  Janeiro,  12  miles  W.S.W.  of 
j    Mag6.     Pop.  2000. 

y       Paco'Iett,  a  small  river  which  rises  in  Polk  co.,  N.C., 

j  and  passes  thence  into   South   Carolina.      It  runs  south- 

!  eastward  through  the  cos.  of  Spartanburg  and  Union,  and 

enters  Broad  River  about  15  miles  N.E.  of  Union. 

Pacolett»  township,  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1312. 

Pacolett  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Spartanburg  co., 

i  S.C,  on  the  Spartanburg  &  Union  Railroad,  1  mile  from 

the  Pacolett  River,  and  11  miles  S.E.  of  Spartanburg.     It 

has  2  churches  and  a  high  school. 

Pacolett  (or  Pacolet)  Falls,  a  post-oEBce  of  Polk 
CO.,  N.C. 

Pacora,  p3,-ko-r3,',  a  river  of  the  Isthmus  of  Panama, 
unites  with  the  Indio  to  form  a  considerable  river,  which 
enters  the  Pacific  E.  of  Panama, 

Pacto'la,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Pennington 
CO.,  S.D.,  in  the  Black  Hills,  35  miles  S.  of  Deadwood. 
Gold  is  mined  here. 
Pactolus,  pak-to'lus,  a  small    ancient  river  (whose 
,  modern  name  is  Bagoolee,  or  Bagouly,  bA'goo'lee^) 
ia  Asia  Minor,  joins  the  Sarabat  50  miles  K.  of  Smyrna. 
'     Pacto'lus,  a  station  in  Carter  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Eastern 
Kentucky  Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of  Grayson. 

Pactolus,  a  post-village  of  Pitt  co.,  N.C,  on  the  Tar 

River,  10  miles  above  Washington.  It  has  several  churches, 

a  grist-mill,  &o.     Pop.  of  Pactolus  township,  2060. 

Pacuhi,   pS,-koo-ee',   a  small   river   of   Brazil,   forms 

.  part  of  the  boundary  between  Minas-Geraes  and  Bahia,  and 

S  joins  the  Rio  Verde,  a  tributary  of  the  Sfto  Francisco, 
Pa»?V-sur-Eure,  pi^see'-sUn-uii,  a  town  of  Franco, 
in  Eure,  on  the  Euro,  10  miles  E,  of  Evreux.     Pop.  1723. 
Paczow,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Patzau. 
Padanarain,  Massachusetts,     See  South  DAnTMOCTH. 
Padang,  pi'ding,  a  town  on  the  W.  coast  of  Sumatra, 
Dutch  East  Indies,  near  the  sea.     Lat.  0°  48'  S. ;  Ion.  100° 
!  20'  E.    It  has  a  largo  export  trade  in  coffee  and  spices.    It 
I  is  the  seat  of  government  for  the  W.  coast  of  Sumatra. 
Pop.  10,000, 
Padang  Island,  Strait  of  Malacca,    See  Appo.vg, 
Padaong,    p4'dl-ong',    Padoung,    pi-downg',   or 
:  Pad^ang'  Mcav,  a  town  of  British  Burmah,  on  the  W. 
bank  of  the  Irrawaddy,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Prome.    Pop.  2894. 
f'    Pad'dington,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Middlesex, 
!  forming  a  N.W.  suburb  of  London,  3i  miles  W.N.W.  of 
St.  Paul's.     Pop,  98,813,     It  contains  Oxford,  Cambridge, 
and  Sussex   Squares,  and   Westbourne   Terrace,  also   the 
'basin  of  the  Paddington  Canal  and  the  terminus  of  the 
[Great  Western  Railway, 

Pad'dington,  an  eastern  suburb  of  Sydney,  Australia, 
Pop.  11,411. 

ad'dock,  a  post-office  of  Holt  co,,  Neb, 
ad'dy's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Shenandoah  co,,  Va. 
addy's  Run,  Butler  co.,  0.    See  New  London, 
ad'elford's,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Ontario  co,, 
N.Y.,  on  the  Auburn  Branch  of  the  New  York  Central 
Railroad,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Rochester. 
'   Padenghc,  p3,-dSn'gi,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Brescia, 
{}n  the  W.  side  of  Lago  di  Garda,  5  miles  from  Lonato, 

Pa'den's  Land'ing,  a  hamlet  in  Letart  township, 
;  Meigs  CO.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  15  miles  above 
( Poraeroy,     Here  is  Plants  Post-Office. 
I    Paden's  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Wetzel  co.,  W,  "Va. 
I    Paderborn,  pS.'d§r-boRn\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  West- 
[Dhalia,  41  miles  S,  of  Minden,  on  the  railway  from  Berlin 
ho  the  Rhine.     Pop,  13,701.     It  is  the  seat  of  a  bishopric, 
ind  has  a  gymnasium  and  an  ecclesiastical  seminary.     In 
|;he  Middle  Ages  it  formed  part  of  the  Ilanscatic  League, 
f  Paderno,  pi-dSu'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Milan,  6 
!niles  E.  of  Monza.     Pop.  1439, 

'    Paderno,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Cremona,  10 
niles  E.  of  Pizzighcttone.     Pop.  2095. 

Pad'iham,  a  town  of  England,  co,  of  Lancaster,  3 
niles  W.N.W,  of  Burnley,  It  has  active  manufactures, 
Pop.  6675, 

Padilla,  pl-deeryl,  a  village  of  Mexico,  state  of  Ta- 
naulipas,  12  miles  W.N,W.  of  Nuevo  Santander,  Iturbide, 
s-Emperor  of  Mexico,  was  shot  here,  19th  July,  1824, 
Padillas,  pJ,-deeryS.s,  a  village  of  Bernalillo  co..  New 
*Iexico,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Rio  Grande,  18  miles 
'clow  Albuquerque,     Pop,  in  1880,  350. 

Pa^dinalk'nad,  a  district  of  India,  province  of  Coorg. 
Irea,  472  square  miles.     Pop,  32,356. 
Padinuin,  the  ancient  name  of  Bondeno, 
Pad'lock,  a  post-office  of  Suwanee  co.,  Fla, 
Padonia,  p^-do'ne-%,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of 


Brown  co,,  Kansas,  5  miles  N.  of  Hiawatha,  and  65  mile* 
N,  of  Topeka.    It  has  a  flour-mill.    Pop,  of  township,  800. 

Pado'ra,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Ind,,  about  44 
miles  W,  of  New  Albany, 

Padova  and  Padoue,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Padua. 

Padria,  pi'dre-i,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Sardinia,  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Alghero,     Pop.  1672. 

Padroes,  p3,-dro'5Ns,  or  Padro'nes,  a  town  of  Por- 
tugal, in  Algarve,  19  miles  E,  by  S.  of  Ourique,  on  the 
Oeiras.     Pop.  1428, 

Padron,  pH-dron'  (ancT'nVi  Fla'via),  a  town  of  Spain, 
in  Corunna,  19  miles  S.S.W.  of  Santiago  de  Compostela,  on 
the  Sar.  Pop.  5082.  It  has  a  collegiate  church.  Being 
the  place  where,  according  to  tradition,  the  body  of  St. 
James  landed  itself,  it  is  greatly  resorted  to  in  pilgrimage. 

Pad'stow  (corrupted  from  Patuck-Stowe),  a  seaport 
town  of  England,  co.  of  Cornwall,  on  the  Camel,  at  ita 
mouth  in  St.  George's  Channel,  29  miles  N.N.E.  of  Fal- 
mouth, It  has  many  ancient  houses,  a  church  of  an  an- 
tique structure,  and  a  custom-house,  with  imports  of  iron 
and  coal,  and  exports  of  tin,  slates,  and  sand.     Pop.  1991. 

Padua,  pad'u-a  (It.  Padova,  pi'do-v3,;  Fr.  Padoue, 
pi'cloo';  anc.  Pata'viitm),  a  fortified  city  of  Italy;  capital 
of  the  province  of  Padua,  22  miles  W.  of  Venice,  on  the 
Bacchiglione,  and  on  the  railway  between  Vicenza  and 
Venice.  Lat.  45°  23'  41"  N.;  Ion.  11°  52'  43"  E.  Pop. 
66,208,  It  is  of  a  triangular  form,  is  surrounded  by  walls 
and  fosses,  and  has  7  gates.  Among  the  chief  objects  of 
interest  are  the  vast  and  curious  place  called  Prato  della 
Valle,  where  the  fair  is  held,  and  which  contains  an  island, 
encircled  by  a  canal,  the  banks  of  which  are  decorated  by  nu- 
merous statues ;  a  cathedral,  with  a  monument  to  Petrarch ; 
the  church  of  San  Antonio,  richly  decorated;  the  Palace  del 
Bo,  or  of  the  University,  and  many  private  palaces;  and  a 
university,  with  a  botanic  garden,  agymnasium,  an  ecclesias- 
tical seminary,  an  observatory,  a  cabinet  of  natural  history, 
and  a  library  of  112,000  volumes.  The  celebrated  University 
of  Padua,  founded  in  the  thirteenth  century,  had  in  former 
times  students  from  every  part  of  Europe,  and  their  num- 
ber frequently  amounted  to  18,000,  Padua  has  manufac- 
tures of  silks  and  ribbons,  and  its  manufacture  of  cloth 
was  formerly  extensive.  It  was  anciently  the  most  im- 
portant town  of  Venetia;  it  was  sacked  by  Alario  and  by 
Attila,    It  came  under  the  power  of  the  Venetians  in  1405. 

Adj,  and  inhab,  Paduan,  pad'u-an  (It,  Padovaxo, 

pi-do-vi'no), 

Padua,  or  Padova,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Venetia. 
Capital,  Padua,     Area,  805  square  miles.     Pop,  364,430, 

Pad'ua,  a  post-hamlet  of  McLean  co..  111.,  in  Padua 
township,  on  the  Lafayette,  Muncie  &  Bloomington  Rail- 
road, 13  miles  E,  by  S,  of  Bloomington.  Pop,  of  the  town- 
ship, 1249, 

Padu'cah,  a  city,  the  capital  of  McCracken  co,,  Ky., 
is  on  the  Ohio  River,  just  below  the  mouth  of  the  Tennes- 
see River,  about  48  miles  above  Cairo,  and  140  miles  below 
Evansville,  Ind,  By  railroad  it  is  225  miles  W.S.W,  of  Louis- 
ville. It  is  the  W,  terminus  of  the  Louisville,  Paducah  & 
Southwestern  Railroad,  and  the  N,  terminus  of  the  Paducah 
&,  Memphis  Railroad,  It  contains  a  court-house,  3  national 
banks,  a  state  bank,  9  churches,  a  high  school,  3  grammar- 
schools,  a  rolling-mill,  a  foundry,  manufactures  of  chairs, 
furniture,  tobacco,  and  ploughs  and  other  farming-imple- 
ments, also  printing-offices  which  issue  2  daily  and  2  or  3 
weekly  newspapers.  The  Paducah  University  has  recently 
been  established  at  this  place.  Large  quantities  of  tobacco, 
maize,  pork,  and  other  products  are  shipped  here.  Pop. 
in  1870,  6866;  in  1880,  8036;  in  1890,  12,797, 

Paducah  Junction,  a  station  in  Livingston  co..  111., 
on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Chi- 
cago <fc  Paducah  Railroad,  1  mile  N.E,  of  Pontiac. 

Paducah  Junction,  a  station  in  Obion  co.,  Tcnn,,  on 
the  Paducah  &  Memphis  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Nashville  &  St,  Louis  Railroad,  3  miles  E,  of  Union  City. 

Padul,  pd-Dool',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  10  miles 
S,S.W,  of  Granada,  S.  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,     Pop.  3161. 

Padula,  pi-doo'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Salerno, 
54  miles  S.E,  of  Salerno.  In  the  vicinity  is  a  magnificent 
Carthusian  convent.     Pop,  8274. 

Faduli,  pi-doo-lee',  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Bene- 
vento,  11  miles  W,  of  Ariano,     Pop,  3573. 

Padus,  an  ancient  name  of  the  Po. 

PsEJaene,  Paejaene,  pi-y4'n§h,  or  Paijene- Jar- 
wi,  pi-yi'neh-yan'vee,  a  lake  of  Finland,  mostly  in  the 
province  of  Nyland,  between  lat.  61°  and  62°  27'  N.  and 
Ion,  25°  and  25°  50'  E.    Length,  90  miles ;  breadth,  20  miles. 

Pael,  or  Paal,  pM,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  o' 
Limbourg,  11  miles  NIW.  of  Hasselt,    Pop.  2580 


It 


Pan 


2098 


PAI 


Pncntipore,  p4-fin-to-por',  a  town  of  India,  in  Oude, 
diviKiDn  of  Soetu|)uor.     Pop.  5780. 

Tnesana,  pA-A-»dn4,  a  town  of  Italy,  13  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Sulurio,  on  the  Po.     Pop.  of  commune,  0451. 

Pacsi-Iiaasi,  the  Italian  name  of  tho  Nktherlands. 

Ptcstanus  Sinus,  Italy.    See  Gulp  or  Salermo. 

l*a;8tuni,  nn  nnciont  name  of  Pcsto. 

Facte,  pA  4't4,  or  Paita,  pl'tl,  a  village  of  the  Phil- 
ippines, isliind  of  Luzon,  on  the  \V.  shore  of  Lalco  Bay. 

Pagnhiiiiou,  a  town  of  Burmah.    See  PAonAM-MEW. 

Pagaiii,  pi-gi'noo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Salerno, 
22  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Naples.     Pop.  12,492, 

Pa^anico,  p&g&'no-ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
b  miles  E.  of  Aquila.     Pop.  4570. 

Page,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Iowa,  bordering  on 
Miiisouri,  has  nn  area  of  about  528  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Nodawoy,  Tarkio,  and  East  Nishnnbatona 
Rivers.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with 
prairies  and  woodlands.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  hay,  oats,  and  pork  are  tho  staple  products.  This 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Omaha  &  St.  Louis  Riiilroiid,  the 
Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  and  the  Kansas 
City,  St.  Joseph  Jk  Council  Bluffs  Railroad.  Capital,  Chir- 
inda.    Pop.  iu  1870,  9975 :  in  1880, 19,fi67;  in  1S90,  21,.^41. 

Pa§;c,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Virginia,  has  an  area 
of  about  2SS  square  miles.  It  is  intcr.socted  by  the  South 
Fork  of  the  Shenandoah  River.  The  greater  part  of  the 
surface  is  a  fertile  valley,  bounded  on  tho  S.E.  by  the  Blue 
Ridge.  Forests  cover  a  large  portion  of  its  area.  Wheat, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  and  grass  are  tho  staple  jiroducts.  Lime- 
stone underlies  part  of  tho  soil.  Copper  and  marble  are 
said  to  be  found  in  this  county.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Norfolk  &  Western  Railroad.  Capital,  Luray.  Pop.  in 
1870,  8462;  in  1880,  9965;  in  1890,  13,092. 

Page  firook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Greene  township,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Chenango  Forks.  It  has 
2  saw-mills. 

Page  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Page  co.,  Iowa,  6  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Clarinda,  and  about  60  mil«s  S.E.  of  Council 
Bluffs.     It  has  a  church. 

Page  City,  a  post-office  at  Pageville  Station,  Lafayette 
eo..  Mo.,  on  the  Lexington  Branch  of  the  Missouri  Pacific 
Railroad,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Lexington. 

Page's,  a  station  in  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  San 
Francisco  A  North  Pacific  Railroad,  49  miles  N.  of  San 
Francisco. 

Page's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Warren  township,  2i  miles  from  Richfield  Springs.  It  has 
a  cheese-factory.     Hero  is  Cullen  Post-Offico. 

Page'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morrow  co.,  0.,  about  15 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Delaware. 

Pagc'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Grant  co.,  Ark.,  about  32  miles 
B  S.W.  of  Little  Rock.    It  has  a  church  and  a  store. 

Pageville,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co.,  III.,  on  the 
Grayvillo  &  Mattoon  Railroad,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Mattoon. 

Pageville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barren  co.,  Ky.,  about  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Glasgow.  It  has  2  stores  and  a  tobacco- 
warehouse. 

Pageville,  Lafayette  co.,  Mo.    See  Page  Citt. 

Pageville,  Meigs  co.,  0.    See  Downixgtos. 

Pag'ham,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Sussex,  5  miles 
6.S.E.  of  Chichester.  An  inlet  of  the  English  Channel  here 
forms  a  harbor. 

Pagham-MeAV,  or  Pagahmiou,  pi'glm^yoo',  a 
mined  town  of  the  Burmese  dominions,  on  tho  Irrawaddy, 
110  miles  S.W.  of  Amarapoora. 

Paglia,  pil'yi  (anc.  Pal' Ha),  a  river  of  Central  Italy, 
rises  in  the  province  of  Siena,  and,  after  a  S.E.  course  of 
SO  miles,  joins  tho  Tiber  at  Orvieto. 

Paglieta,  pil-yi'td,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Chieti, 
20  miles  S.E.  of  Chieti.     Pop.  4192. 

Paglione,  pll-yo'ni,  or  Paillon,  pi^yOn',  a  river  of 
France,  flows  S.S.W.,  traverses  the  city  of  Nice,  and  falls 
into  the  Mediterranean. 

Pagny-8ur-Moselle,pin*yee'-sun-mo'zfiir,  a  village 
of  France,  in  Mourthe-et-Mosolle,  on  tho  Paris  &  Strasburg 
Railroad,  12  miles  from  Metz.     Pop.  1040. 

Pago,  pi'go,  an  island  of  Dalmatia,  in  the  Adriatic, 
separated  from  the  mainland  by  the  Morlacca  Channel. 
Lat.  about  44°  30'  N.  Length,  37  miles;  breadth,  6  miles. 
Pop.  5000.  Near  its  centre  is  tho  lake  or  inlet  of  Zascba. 
Pago,  tho  chief  town  of  the  above  island,  is  on  Lake  Zascha, 
near  the  E.  coast.     Pop.  3219. 

Pago'sa  Peak,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  San  Juan 
Mountains  or  Saguache  Range,  in  the  S.  part  of  the  state. 
It  is  of  a  pyramidal  shape,  and  is  12,674  feet  high. 

Pagosa  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Conejos  co.,  Col., 


on  the  Rio  de  San  Juan,  115  miles  W.  of  Alamosa.  Eler»- 
tion,  7095  feet.  Hero  are  hot  springs  with  a  touiporatura 
of  185°  Fahr. 

Pagsanjan,  pig-»ln-jln',  a  town  of  tho  Philippine 
Islands,  in  Luzon,  on  the  Pasig,  above  Manila.    Pop.  4665, 

Pagucnema,  p&-gA-niL'ni&,  a  group  of  5  small,  low, 
coral  islands  in  the  Paciflo  Ocean.  Tagaik,  the  largest,  if 
in  lat.  7°  4'  40"  N.,  Ion.  167°  60°  30'  E. 

Pagus  Albinensis.    See  San  Pierre  n'ALnioRr. 

Pahang,  pA-hlng'  (Port.  J'am,  pAxi  ;  native,  I'nUurf),  % 
state  of  the  Malay  Peninsula,  extending  along  its  E.  coiut, 
mostly  between  lat.  2°  and  4°  N.  and  Ion.  103°  and  104° 
E.  Estimated  pop.  40,000,  mostly  Malays,  nogrillo  hill- 
men,  and  Chinese.  The  products  comprise  gold,  rattans, 
gutta-percha,  dammar,  and  tin  ;  tho  latter  is  mostly  ex- 
ported to  Singapore.  The  imports  thence  and  from  Malacca 
consist  of  opium,  silk,  rice,  tobacco,  salt,  cloths,  and  iron- 
wares.    Principal  towns,  Pahnng  and  Undowo. 

Pahang,  the  capital  of  tho  above  state,  is  on  both  sides 
of  a  broad  and  shallow  river,  which  divides  tho  Malay  and 
Chinese  quarters,  about  5  miles  from  its  mouth.  Lat.  3* 
34' N.;  Ion.  103°  24'  E, 

Pahaquar'ry,  a  post-township,  forming  the  N,  ex- 
tremity of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by 
tho  Delaware  River.  It  comprises  part  of  the  Kittatinny 
Mountain.     Pop.  405. 

Paharpoor,  pi^har-poor',  a  considerable  town  of  In- 
dia,  near  tho  Indus,  22  miles  N.  of  Dera  Ismaccl  Khan. 

Pahlunpoor,  an  agency  of  India.    See  Palani*oor. 

Pah^poond',  or  Phaphnnd,  f4-foond',  also  called 
Phuppoond,  fHp^poond',  and  Puh^poond',  a  town  of 
India,  district  and  35  miles  S.E.  of  Etawah.     Pop.  6536, 

Pah'reah,  a  post-office  and  settlement  of  Kane  co,, 
Utah,  40  miles  from  tho  Colorado  River. 

Paicines,  pi-se'nfis,  a  post-office  of  San  Benito  co,,  Cal. 

Paige,  paj,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Bastrop  co., 
Texas,  on  the  Western  division  of  tho  Houston  <t  Texu 
Central  Railroad,  43  miles  E.  of  Austin. 

Paijene- Jarwi,  a  lake  of  Finland.    See  P^j^kb. 

Paillon,  a  river  of  France.    See  Pagmo.ne. 

Pail'ton,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Warwick,  5  milei 
N.N.W.  of  Rugby.     Pop.  628. 

Paimbocui,  pijrbur,  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire-In- 
fdrieure,  30  miles  W.  of  Nantes,  on  tho  Loire,  near  its 
mouth.  Pop.  2473.  It  has  a  communal  college,  a  school 
of  hydrography,  a  harbor,  and  building-yards  for  vessels. 

Paimogo,  pi-mo'go,  a  town  of  Spain,  42  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Huelva,  on  the  route  to  Seville.     Pop.  1812. 

Paimpol,  piji'pol',  a  town  of  France,  C6tes-du-Nord, 
22  miles  N.W.  of  Saint-Brieuc,  on  the  English  Channel. 

Paincourt,  Kent  co.,  Ontario.    See  Dover  South. 

Paincourtville,  piKo^koorVeel',  a  post-village  of  As-' 
sumption  parish.  La.,  on  Bayou  La  Fourche,  about  66  milei 
W.  of  New  Orleans. 

Paine's  (panz)  Hollow,  a  post-hamlet  of  Herkimer 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  22  miles  S.E.  of  Utica.    It  has  2  churches, 

Paine's  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ogle  co..  III.,  about 
20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rockford,    It  has  2  churches. 

Paine's  Prairie,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  Mo. 

Painestown,  a  post-office  of  Muhlenburg  co.,  Ky, 

Painesvillc,  panz'vil,  a  post-hamlet  in  James  town- 
ship, Saginaw  co.,  Mich.,  on  tho  Saginaw  Valley  &  St. 
Louis  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Michigan  Central 
Railroad,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Saginaw.  It  has  manufactures  of 
bricks,  salt,  and  shingles.  Tho  namo  of  its  station  is  Titta- 
bawassee  Junction. 

Painesville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lake  co.,  C,  il 
finely  situated  in  Painesville  township,  on  Grand  River, 
and  on  the  Lako  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  3 
miles  from  Lake  Erie,  29  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cleveland,  and  66 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Erie,  Pa.,  also  the  N.  terminus  of  tho 
Painesville  &  Youngstown  Railroad.  The  Grand  River 
here  flows  in  a  deep  and  picturesque  valley,  and  is  crossed 
by  a  railroad-bridge  which  is  800  feet  long  and  rests  on  5 
piers,  75  feet  high.  Painesville  contains  6  churches,  the 
Lake  Erie  Female  Seminary,  a  union  school,  a  national 
bank,  2  other  banks,  2  machine-shops,  3  sash-  and  blind- 
factories,  a  foundry,  2  fiouring-mills,  a  large  nursery,  man- 
ufactures of  carriages,  steam-engines,  mill-machinery,  corn- 
shellers,  &c.,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  3  weekly  news- 
papers.    Pop.  in  1890,  4755;  of  the  township,  7558. 

Painesville,  Vermont.    See  Essex  Junction. 

Painevillc,  pan'vll,  a  post-hamlot  of  Amelia  co.,  Va., 
about  40  miles  W.S.W.  of  Richmond. 

Painswick,  pAnz'wik,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  6 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Gloucester.  Pop.  4019.  It  has  a  spaciouj 
church,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths. 


PAI 


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PAL 


Paint,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  0.  Pop.  1742.  It 
contains  Bloomingburg. 
Paint,  a  post-hamlet  in  Paint  township,  Highland  co., 
i  0.  8  miles  S.  of  Greenfield.  It  has  a  church  and  a  distillery. 
i  The  township  is  drained  by  Paint  Creek,  and  contains  New 
'  Petersburg  and  Rainsborough.  Total  pop.  2429. 
i  Paint,  a  township  of  Holmes  co.,  0.  Pop._  1212.  It 
'   contains  Winesburg. 

Paint,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  0.     Pop.  955. 
Paint,  a  township  of  Ross  co.,  0.     Pop.  1001. 
Paint,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  0.     Pop.  1418.     It 
contains  Mount  Eaton  and  AVest  Lebftnon. 
Paint,  a  township  of  Clarion  co..  Pa.     Pop.  346. 
Paint,  a  township  of  Somerset  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  923. 
Paint  Bank,  a  post-hamlet  of  Craig  co.,  Va.,  17  miles 
N.  of  Alleghany  Station.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  deposit 
of  red  paint. 

Paint  Branch,  a  station  in  Prince  George's  co.,  Md.,  on 

the  Washington  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad, 

32  miles  S.S.W.  of  Baltimore,  and  1  mile  S.of  Branchville. 

Paint  Creek,  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  flows  into  Clinton 

Rivor  at  Rochester. 

Paint  Creek,  Ohio,  intersects  Ross  co.,  and  enters  the 
Scioto  River  from  the  W,,  2  or  3  miles  below  Chillicothe. 
It  has  affluents  called  the  North  Fork,  Rattlesnake  Fork, 
and  Sugar  Creek,  which  drain  Fayette  co.  and  part  of 
J  Highland  co.     Each  of  these  streams  is  nearly  50  miles 
I  long.    The  North  Fork   runs  southeastward  in   Ross  co., 
[  and  enters  Paint  Creek  about  3  miles  W.  of  Chillicothe. 
Paint  Creek,  AVost  Virginia,  rises   in   Fayette  co., 
runs  N.W.,  and  enters  the  Great  Kanawha  in  Kanawha  co. 
Paint   Creek,  a  township   of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  1 120. 
Paint  Creek,  a  post-ofiice  of  Bourbon  co.,  Kansas, 
1  about  14  miles  S.W.  of  Fort  Scott. 

I    Faint  Creek,  a  post-ofiice  of  Washtenaw  oo.,  Mich., 
i  at  Augusta. 

Paint  Creek,  a  post-ofiice  of  Kanawha  co.,  W.  Va., 
at  Clifton,  a  village  on  the  Kanawha  River,  22  miles  above 
j  Charleston,  and  1  mile  from  Paint  Creek  Station.  Coal  is 
|mined  here.    See  also  Lovell's. 

f  Paint'ed  Post,  a  post-office  of  Barber  co.,  Kansas. 
j  Painted  Post,  a  post-village  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
[the  Erie  Railroad,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Conhooton  and 
ilioga  Rivers,  2  miles  N.W.  of  Corning.  The  Rochester 
ilivision  of  the  Erie  Railroad  connects  here  with  the  main 
[line.  This  village  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper 
I  offices,  a  machine-shop,  an  iron-foundry,  a  flour-mill,  and 
i»  lumber-mill.     Pop.  about  700. 

Painter,  Mifiiin  co..  Pa.    See  Paintersville. 
Paint'er,  a  hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  li  miles 
'rom  Irwin.     It  has  a  church.     Coal  is  mined  here. 
Painter  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Darke  co.,  0. 
Paint'erhood,  a  post-township  of  Elk  co.,  Kansas. 
,?op.  443. 

Painter's  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Chester  oo.,  Pa., 
.bout  26  miles  AV.  by  S.  of  Philadelphia. 
Paint'er's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Preston  co.,  AV.  Va. 
Paint'ersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  0.,  about 
4  miles  E.S.E.  of  Dayton.     It  has  2  churches. 
Paintersville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Decatur  township, 
lifflln  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Sunbury  &  Lewistown  Railroad,  7 
liles  ^^.B.  of  Lewistown.     It  has  2  churches. 
Paintersville,  a  station  in  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  on 
10  Southwest  Pennsylvania  Railroad,   8   miles  S.AV.  of 
reensburg. 

Paint  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  N.C. 
Paint  Lick,  a  post-village  of  Garrard  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
ichraond  Branch  of  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad, 
^  miles  N.E.  of  Stanford.     It  has  a  church.    The  village 
partly  in  Madison  co. 

Paint  Lick,  a  post-office  of  Tazewell  co.,  Va. 
Paint  Kock,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Ala.,  on 
10  Memphis   &   Charleston    Railroad,   near  Paint   Rock 
ivcr,  21  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Iluntsville.     It  has  2  churches 
■  d  an  academy. 

Paint  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  N.C. 
Paint  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Roane  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
mnessce  River.     Here  is  a  steamboat-landing. 
Paint  Rock  River,   Alabama,   rises   near  the   N. 
undary  of  the  state,  runs  southwestward  through  Jackson 
■,  and  enters  the  Tennessee  River  at  the  S.  extremity  of 
adison  co.     It  is  about  80  miles  long. 
Paints'ville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Johnson  oo., 
y.,  is  near  the  AVest  Fork  of  the  Big  Sandy  River,  and 
out  100  miles  (direct)  E.  by  S.  of  Lexington.     It  has  2 
Pop.  in  1890,  806. 


Paint  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Holmes  co.,  0. 

Paises  Bajos,  Europe.    See  Nethkhlands. 

PaishaAVur,  India.    See  Peshaweb. 

Paisley,  pAz'lee,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Renfrew, 
on  the  AVhite  Cart,  and  on  the  Glasgow  and  Southwestern 
&  Greenock  Railways,  from  which  there  is  a  branch  to 
Renfrew,  7  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Glasgow.  Pop.  of  parliament- 
ary borough,  48,240;  of  the  whole  town,  62,524.  It  haa 
numerous  churches  and  chapels,  of  which  the  old  collegiate 
abbey  church  is  the  most  striking;  an  educational  insti- 
tution, a  government  school  of  art,  a  grammar-school,  a 
philosophical  institution,  county  buildings,  jail,  barracks, 
reformatory  and  ragged  schools,  poor-houses,  and  infirmary. 
The  Cart  is  navigable  to  Paisley,  and  a  canal  passes  the 
town.  The  principal  manufactures  are  those  of  silk  and 
other  shawls,  silks,  muslins,  cotton  thread,  and  ornamental  or 
fancy  goods.  There  are,  besides,  iron-foundries,  tanneries, 
breweries,  distilleries,  soap-works,  starch-works,  and  ex- 
tensive bleach-fields.  County,  sherifi",  and  commissary 
courts  are  held  here.  The  borough  sends  one  member  to 
the  House  of  Commons.  In  the  vicinity  of  the  town  coal, 
ironstone,  fire-clay,  and  potter's  clay  are  raised.  Professor 
AA''ilson  and  Alexander  AVilson  the  American  ornithologist 
were  born  here.  The  town  occupies  the  site  of  the  Roman 
station  Vanduaria. 

Paisley,  a  post-village  of  Bruce  co.,  Ontario,  at  tho 
confluence  of  the  Teeswater  and  Saugccn  Rivers,  and  on 
the  AVellington,  Grey  &  Bruce  Railway,  86  miles  N.W. 
of  Guelph.  It  contains  3  churches,  an  iron-foundry,  a 
brewery,  a  woollen-factory,  grist-  and  saw-mills,  a  news- 
paper office,  about  25  stores,  and  2  hotels.  Pop.  1000.  See 
also  Caledon  East. 

Paita,  a  village  of  the  Philippines.    See  Paete. 

Paizes  Baixos,  the  Portuguese  for  the  Netherlands. 

Pajares  de  los  Oteros,  pi-ni'rSs  dk  loce  o-ti'roce, 
a  town  of  Spain,  S.S.E.  of  Leon.    Pop.  1145. 

Pajarito,  pi-nd-reo'to,  a  village  of  Bernalillo  co.,  New 
Mexico,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Rio  Grande. 

Piyaro,  pi'iii-ro,  a  river  of  California,  rises  on  the 
slope  of  the  Coast  Range,  and,  flowing  westerly,  falls  into 
Monterey  Bay.  It  forms  the  boundary  between  Monterey 
and  Santa  Cruz  cos. 

Pajaro,  a  township  of  Monterey  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  761. 

Pajaro,  a  station  in  Monterey  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  South- 
ern Pacific  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Castroville. 

Pajaro,  a  township  of  Santa  Cruz  co.,  Cal.  Pop.  3114. 
It  contains  AVatsonville. 

Paka,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Neu-Paka. 

Pak'cnham,  a  post-village  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Lanark, 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  a  railway,  61  miles  from 
Brockville.  It  contains  4  churches,  2  woollen-factories, 
saw-  and  grist-mills,  and  several  stores  and  hotels.    P.  600. 

Pakia,  pik'14,  Oosop,  or  Usop,  oo-sop',  a  river  of 
Northeast  Siberia,  in  the  country  of  the  Chookchees,  after 
a  course  of  about  200  miles,  forms  a  common  estuary  with 
the  Chaoon,  in  the  bay  of  that  name. 

Pak-Nani,pik'ndm',  a  town  of  Siam,  on  the  Menam,  4 
miles  from  the  Gulf  of  Siam,  and  20  miles  S.E.  of  Bangkok. 

Pak-Pattan,  pik-pS,t-tin',  or  Pauk-Pet^em',  a 
town  of  the  Punjab,  near  a  greatly-frequented  ferry  over 
the  Ravee,  95  miles  S.AV.  of  Lahore.  Lat.  30°  20'  N.  j  Ion. 
73°  13'  E.     Psp.  6086. 

Fakracz,  pdkVlta',  a  town  of  Slavonia,  co.  and  23 
miles  AV.N.AV.  of  Posega,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Save.  Pop. 
1200.     It  is  the  see  of  a  Greek  bishop. 

Pakrojanty,  pi-kro-yin'tee,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment and  119  miles  N.AV.  of  Vilna.     Pop.  1600. 

Paks,  poksh,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Tolna,  62  miles 
S.  of  Buda,  on  the  Danube.     Pop.  9070. 

Pakwan,  pik'win',  a  town  of  China,  in  Che-Kiang, 
on  a  river  which  falls  into  the  Bay  of  Hang-Chow. 

Pakwaukee,  AVisconsin.     See  Packwaukee. 

Pala,  pi'li,  a  post-office  of  San  Diego  co.,  Cal. 

Palacios,  or  Los  Palacios,  loce  pi-l4'the-oce,  a 
town  of  Spain,  province  and  1 2  miles  S.  of  Seville.    P.  1835. 

Palacios  ae  la  Valduerna,p4-li'the-oce  di  li  vil- 
doo-fitt'nS,,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  27  miles  S.AV.  of 
Leon,  near  tho  Duerna.     Pop.  534. 

PaMack'y,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ellsworth  co.,  Kansas,  15 
miles  S.AV.  of  Fort  Ilarker. 

Palse'a  (llaAata)  and  Palse'o  (lIoAaio)  are  Greek  terms 
signifying  "  ancient,"  and  applied  to  numerous  sites  and 
places  in  the  East. 

Palscocastro.    See  Gulf  op  Pal^ocastro. 

Pala;opolis,  pd-le-op'o-lis  (i.e.,  "ancient  city;"  ano. 
E'lia),  a  town  of  Greece,  in  the  Morea,  near  where  th* 
Peneus  i8su«s  from  the  hills,  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Gostounv 


PAL 


2100 


PAL 


Palaeovouni,  a  mountain  of  Oreece.    Sco  IlELiooir. 

Palnestina^  the  Latin  name  of  Palestink. 

Palaestro,  ]i&-li-is'tro,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Novara,  on  tlie  Scsia.     Pop.  of  commune,  2456. 

PalafollSf  pi-li-fola',  a  viiia^o  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia, 
province  and  40  milos  from  Barcelona.    Pop.  lU.t.3. 

PalafurKel*  p&-l&-fooR-HAI',  or  Palal'iirgcll  (7),  a 
town  of  Spain,  province  and  20  miles  E.S.K.  of  Uorona, 
near  the  Afeditorranean.     Pop.  4597. 

Pnlai^oiiiat  pil-l&go'ne-a,  a  town  of  Sicily,  20  miles 
B.W.  of  Catiuiia.     Pop.  4909. 

Palais,  Le,  a  town  of  France.    See  Lb  Palai.i. 

Palaiscuu,  pJl'li'zO',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-ct- 
Oiae,  11  milos  S.S.W.  of  Paris.     Pop.  2129. 

Pnlfviat  p&-l&'y&.  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  18 
milos  S.E.  of  Pisa.     Pop.  of  commune,  10,119. 

PalalHwniig,  pil-la-l&-wilng',  an  important  marltet- 
town  of  Sumatra,  province  of  Piidang. 

Pnl^amcot'ta,  a  town  of  British  India,  in  Madras, 
45  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cnpo  Comorin.     Pop.  17,945. 

Palamcotta,  a  town  of  British  India,  presidency  of 
Madras,  47  milos  S.S.AV.  of  Pondicherry. 

Palamos,  piMi-moce',  a  fortified  maritime  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  17  milos  S.E.  of  Gcrona.     Pop.  2043. 

Palamow,  or  Palamau,  par^-m5w',  a  region  in 
the  N.W.  part  of  the  Lohardaga  district,  Bengal.  Area, 
4260  square  miles.     It  is  a  rocky  tract.     Pop.  366,519. 

Palancia,  p9,-l&n'the-\  (anc.  Pnllan'tia),  a  river  of 
Spain,  in  Valencia,  rises  about  4  miles  W.  of  Bexis,  and, 
after  a  S.E.  course  of  45  miles,  enters  the  Mediterranean  4 
milos  E.  of  Murviedro. 

Palanka,  p6hM4n'k5h\  Neu,  noi,  Deutsch,  doitch,  and 
Alt,  ilt,  three  contiguous  villages  of  South  Hungary,  co. 
and  12  miles  S.W.  of  Bdcs,  on  the  Danube,  with  Roman 
Catholic  and  Greek  churches.     United  pop.  8440. 

Pal^anpoor',  PahMunpoor',  or  Palhanpur,  p&*- 
lun-poor',  a  British  agency  controlling  11  native  states  in 
the  N.E.  part  of  the  province  of  Guzerat.  Total  area,  4800 
square  miles.  Pop.  502,686.  The  town  of  Palanpoor  is  80 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Ahmedabad.  It  has  active  trade  and 
manufactures.  Pop.  17,189.  It  is  the  capital  of  a  state  of 
the  same  name,  with  215,922  inhabitants. 

PaMarm',  a  post-hamlet  of  Faulkner  co.,  Ark.,  on  the 
Little  Rock  <t  Fort  Smith  Railroad,  17i  miles  N.W.  of 
Little  Rock.     It  is  on  the  Arkansas  River. 

Palat'inate  (Gor.  P/ah,  pfilts),  an  old  division  of 
Germany,  consisting,  first,  of  the  Lower  Palatinate,  or  Palat- 
inate of  the  Rhine,— chief  towns,  Mannheim,  Heidelberg, 
Simmern,  and  Deux-Ponts, — and,  secondly,  of  the  Upper 
Palatinate,  in  the  N.  of  Bavaria.  The  whole  of  the  upper 
and  part  of  the  lower  portion  are  now  incorporated  with 
Bavaria,  forming  the  governments  of  Palatinate  and  Upper 
Palatinate ;  the  remainder  is  divided  among  the  states  of 
Rhenish  Prussia,  Baden,  and  Hesse. 

Palatine,  pal'a-teen^  or  pal'a-tin*,  a  post-village  of 
Cook  CO.,  111.,  in  Palatine  township,  on  the  Chicago  & 
Northwestern  Railroad,  26  miles  N.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has 
6  churches,  2  newspaper  ofiiccs,  a  graded  school,  and  manu- 
factures of  sash,  doors,  and  blinds.     Pop.  in  1890,  891. 

Palatine,  a  post-hamlet  of  Salem  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
West  Jersey  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Bridgeton. 

Palatine,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
2713.  It  contains  Palatine  Bridge,  Palatine  Church,  and 
Stone  Arabia. 

Palatine,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
E.  bank  of  the  Monongahela  River,  opposite  Fairmont,  and 
on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  77  miles  S.E.  of  Wheel- 
ing. A  good  suspension-bridge  connects  it  with  Fairmont. 
Palatine  has  4  churches,  a  foundry,  and  a  manufactory  of 
threshing-machines.     Pop.  in  1890,  860. 

Palatine  Bridge,  a  post-village  in  Palatine  township, 
Montgomery  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Mohawk 
River,  and  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  40  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Utica.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  a 
foundry.  Pop.  493.  A  bridge  across  the  river  connects 
this  village  with  Canajoharie. 

Palatine  Church,  a  hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y., 
In  Palatine  township,  on  the  Central  Railroad,  5  miles 
N.W.  of  Palatine  Bridge.     It  has  a  church. 

Palat'ka,  or  Pilat'ka,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Putnam  co.,  Fla.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  St.  John's  River, 
about  60  miles  S.  of  Jacksonville,  and  30  miles  S.W.  of 
St.  Augustine.  It  has  7  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
lumber-mill,  and  a  moss-factory.  Cotton,  sugar,  and  oranges 
are  shipped  here  in  steamboats,  which  ply  daily  between 
Jacksonville  and  this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  3039. 

Pai^aur',  a  river  of  India,  rises  in  Mysore,  flows 


through  Arcot  and  Chingleput  (Madras  presidency),  and 
enters  the  Indian  Ocean  42  miles  S.W.  of  Madras.  Length 
190  milos.     It  separates  North  and  South  Arcot.  ' 

Palawan,  p4-li-wln',  or  Paragua,  pi-ri'gw&,  an 
island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  between  Borneo  and  the 
Philippine  Islands,  in  lat.  8°  37'  to  11°  30'  N.,  Ion.  II70 
to  120°  E.,  separating  the  China  and  Sooloo  Seas,  and  liavlnir 
S.  the  Balifbac  Passage.  Length,  about  260  miles  ;  average 
breadth,  30  miles.  Cowries,  gold,  ebony,  and  other  fine 
woods  are  among  its  products. 

Palazzago,  p&-14t-s4'go,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Ber- 
gamo, 2  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Almcnno.     Pop.  1691. 

Palazzo,  pi-lit'so,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Po- 
tenza,  17  miles  E.S.E.  of  Molfi.     Pop.  6896. 

Palazzo-Adriano,  pl-l&t'so-A-dre-4'no,  a  town  of 
Italy,  in  Palermo,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Corlcone.     Pop.  5835, 

Palazzolo,  pl-llt'so-lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Frluli' 
with  3  churches  and  an  oratory.     Pop.  1300.  ' 

Palazzuolo,  pi-llt-soo-o'lo,  or  Palazzolo,  a  town 
of  Italy,  in  Brescia,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Chiari.     Pop.  4129.    j 

Palazzuolo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Casorta,  13| 
miles  S.  of  Sora.     Pop.  1969. 

Palazzuolo,  or  Palazzolo,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov. 
inco  of  Syracuse,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Noto.    Pop.  10,138. 

Palcon'da,  Palcoon'dah,  or  Palacon'da,  a  town 
of  India,  district  of  Vizagapatam,  25  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Chicacole.     Pop.  8812. 

Palembang,  piM6m-bing',  a  town  in  the  B.  part  of 
Sumatra,  capital  of  a  province  of  its  own  name,  extends 
for  about  3  miles  along  both  sides  of  the  Palembang  or 
Moosee  River,  here  200  yards  across,  50  miles  from  its 
mouth  in  the  Strait  of  Banca.  Lat.  2°  47'  S. ;  Ion.  102' 
20'  E.  Pop.  25,000,  partly  inhabiting  houses  raised  on 
posts,  and  partly  living  on  rafts  moored  in  the  river.  It 
has  a  sultan's  palace,  and  dwellings  of  Arab  and  Chinese 
merchants.  Its  port  is  one  of  the  best  in  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago. An  active  trade  is  carried  on  here  with  Java, 
Malacca,  Penang,  and  Rhio. 

Palembang,  formerly  a  kingdom,  now  a  Dutch  prov- 
ince, of  the  island  of  Sumatra,  on  the  S.  coast,  bounded  E. 
by  the  Strait  of  Banca.  Area,  61,908  square  miles.  Pop. 
in  1889  (estimated),  655,228. 

Palena,  p4-li'n4,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Chieti, 
21  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lanciano.     Pop.  4079. 

Pal  encia,pi-Idn'the-i.  (anc.  PaWan'rm),a  city  of  Spain, 
capital  of  a  province,  114  miles  N.W.  of  Madrid,  on  the 
Carrion,  an  affluent  of  the  Pisuerga.  Pop.  13,120.  It  is 
surrounded  by  an  old  wall,  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a 
fine  Gothic  cathedral,  and  manufactures  of  woollens  and 
leather. 

Palcncia,  a  province  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile.  It  is 
fertile,  and  watered  by  the  Carrion  and  Pisuerga  Rivers. 
Area,  3128  square  miles.     Pop.  184,668, 

Palenque,  p4-ldn'k4,  a  village  of  Mexico,  state  of 
Chiapas,  100  miles  E.N.E.  of  San  Cristoval.  About  7  miles 
S.W.  of  it  are  some  of  the  most  extensive  and  magnificent 
ruins  in  America.  The  principal  of  these,  called  "the 
Palace,"  is  220  feet  in  length  by  ISO  feet  in  breadth,  with 
numerous  sculptures,  &e. 

Pa'Icnsvillc,  or  Pa'lenville,  a  post-village  of 
Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Catskill  township,  10  miles  W.  by  S. 
of  Catskill,  and  4  or  5  miles  S.  of  the  Mountain  House.  It 
is  at  tho  E.  end  of  a  ravine  called  the  Cauterskill  Clove, 
and  is  a  favorite  resort  of  tourists  and  artists.  It  has  largo 
boarding-houses,  a  church,  a  chair-factory,  a  tannery,  <tc. 
Palenzucia,  pi-l{n-thw4'li,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince of  Palcncia,  on  the  Arlanza,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Burgos.  1 
Palermo,  pl-lSu'mo  (Fr.  Palerme,  pa'lfinm';  anc. 
Pauor'mua),  a  fortified  city,  capital  of  Sicily,  with  a  port  on 
the  N.  side  of  tho  island.  Lat.  of  light-house,  38°  8'  2" 
N. ;  Ion.  13°  22'  2"  E.  Pop.  in  1881,  205,712.  It  is  built 
in  tho  form  of  an  amphitheatre,  facing  the  sea,  and  is  en- 
closed by  an  old  wall.  Adjoining  the  water  is  the  fort  of 
Castellamare.  The  city  is  ornamented  by  numerous  foun- 
tains, and  has  many  handsome  edifices,  among  which  rany 
be  mentioned  a  cathedral  of  the  tenth  century,  surmounted 
with  a  modern  cupola,  and  containing  man.y  fino  sepul- 
chral monuments  in  porphyry,  among  which  are  those 
of  the  Emperor  Frederick  II.  and  King  Roger  the  Nor- 
man; the  magnificent  churches  of  St.  Peter  and  St.  Dom- 
inic; a  royal  palace  in  the  Norman  and  Saracenic  stylo, 
and  possessing,  among  other  objects  of  interest  and  attrac- 
tion, the  chapel  of  King  Roger,  rich  in  mosaics ;  the  pic- 
ture-gallery, the  armory,  the  observatory,  tho  archiepis- 
copal  palace,  the  mint,  the  custom-house,  public  library, 
3  theatres,  and  numerous  structures  of  historic  and  archi- 
tectural interest.    The  port  is  enclosed  by  a  mole  1300  feet 


PAL 


2101 


PAL 


in  length,  terminated  by  a  light-house  and  a  battery ;  a 
,  gecond^interior  port  is  reserved  for  the  marine.  Palermo  is 
]  the  residence  of  the  military  commandant  of  the  island, 
I  and  has  an  arsenal  and  ship-building  yards.  Its  university, 
founded  in  1394,  has  a  fine  library  of  40,000  volumes  and 
many  students.  The  town  has  a  botanic  garden,  and  nu- 
merous learned  societies.  The  chief  benevolent  institu- 
tions are  a  royal  hospital  and  a  foundling  hospital.  The 
manufactures  consist  chiefly  of  silks,  cottons,  oil-cloth, 
leather,  glass,  and  gloves  made  from  a  material  furnished 
by  the  jiiiiiin  marina.  The  trade  has  the  advantage  of  an 
excellent  roadstead  and  harbor,  and  has  greatly  increased 
s-ince  the  construction  of  railways.  The  principal  articles 
of  export  are  sumach,  wine  and  spirits,  fruit,  sulphur,  skins, 
oil,  essences,  linseed,  cream  of  tartar,  liquorice,  and  manna; 
of  import,  colonial  produce,  woollen,  cotton,  linen,  and  silk 
tissues,  hardware,  earthenware,  <tc.  The  fisheries  on  the 
coast  are  very  productive  and  carried  on  with  gt-eat  activ- 
ity, and  give  employment  to  nearly  4000  hands.  Founded 
by  the  Phoenicians,  Panormus  became  the  capital  of  the 
Carthaginian  possessions  in  Sicily.  It  appears  to  have  been 
a  i)Iace  of  considerable  consequence  in  ancient  times ;  the 
name  (Panormus),  signifying  "All-port,"  may  bo  regarded 
as  indicating  its  early  commercial  importance.  It  was  taken 
by  the  Romans  250  B.C. ;  it  was  afterwards  capital  of  th« 
Saracen  states  in  the  island.  The  Normans  took  the  city  in 
1072.  In  1282  it  was  the  scene  of  the  massacre  called  "  the 
Sicilian  Vespers."     The  court  of  Naples  resided  here  from 

1S06  to  1815.     In  1860  it  was  captured  by  Garibaldi. 

Actj.  and  inhab.  Palekmitan  (?),  pa-ler'me-tan  ?  (It.  Pa- 
LKRitiTAXo,  pi-l5u^me-td'no). 

Palermo,  a  province  in  the  N.  of  Sicily,  bounded  N. 
by  the  Tyrrhene  Sea.  Area,  1964  square  miles.  Pop. 
617,678. 

Paler'mo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Edgar  oo..  111.,  5  miles 
N.E.  of  Ilumc,  and  22  miles  S.  of  Danville.  It  has  a 
church. 

Palermo,  a  township  of  Grundy  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  962. 
It  contains  Grundy  Centre,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Palermo,  a  post-village  in   Marion  toAvnship,  Doni- 
phan CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Missouri  River,  7  or  8  miles  be- 
I  low  St.  Joseph,  and  about  14  miles  by  land  N.E.  of  Atchi- 
I  wn.  It  is  on  the  St.  Joseph  &  Topeka  Railroad.    Pop.  138. 
Palermo,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Waldo  co., 
I  Me.,  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Augusta.    Pop.  of  township,  1223. 
Palermo  village  (also   called  Branch  Mills)   is  partly  in 
China  township. 

Palermo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cape   May  co.,  N.J.,  in 

Upper  township,   2   miles   from  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and 

;«bout  18  miles  S.W.  of  Atlantic  City.     It  has  2  churches. 

I     Palermo,  a  post-village  in  Palermo  township,  Oswego 

■  M.,  N.Y.,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Oswego.     It  has  a  church  and  a 

I  manufactory  of  heading  and  staves.    Pop.  of  township,  2048. 

Palermo,  a  post-village  in  Ualton  co.,  Ontario,  3  miles 

from  Bronte.     Pop.  150. 

Palermo  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  in 
'  Palermo  township,  about  22  miles  W.  of  Belfast. 
''    Palestine,  p4l'es-tine  (L.  Palmii'na),  or  the  Holy 
[Land  (L.  Terra  Saiicta  ;  Fr.  Terre  Sainte,  tain  sS,Nt;   Sp. 
Tierra  Santa,  to-fin'ni  sin'ti ;  It.  Terra  Santa,  tfin'iii  s4n'- 
>  td),  a  country  of  Southwest  Asia,  comprising  the  S.  part  of 
'  Syria,  extending  between  lat.  30°  40'  and  33°  32'  N.  and  Ion. 
■33°  85'  and  35°  48'  E.,  having  N.  the  district  of  Lebanon, 
'  W.  the  Mediterranean,  and  S.  and  S.E.  the  Arabian  Desert. 
i  Length,  from  Mount  Ilormon  in  the  N.  to  Kadesh-Barnea 
!'.n  the  S.,  193  miles;  average  breadth,   75  miles.     Area, 
(11,000  square  miles.     The  surface  is  generally  mountain- 
fOus,  being  traversed  by  branches  from  the  chain  of  Leba- 
fnon,  one  of  which  stretches  S.  in  a  direction  nearly  parallel 
to  the  coast  of  the  Mediterranean,  forming  the  watershed 
ikctweon  its  basin  and  that  of  the  Dead  Sea;  while  another, 
^turning  more  to  the  E.,  extends  along  the  left  side  of  the 
jvalley  of  the  Jordan.     These  mountains  attain  their  great- 
fest  height  (about  10,000  feet)  in  Mount  Hermon.     None 
of  the  others  exceed  3000  feet;  but  many  of  them  have  ac- 
quired great  celebrity  from  the  wonderful  events  of  which 
'they  have  been  the  theatre.     The  most  remarkable  areCar- 
mel,  forming  a  promontory  in  the  Mediterranean,  on  the 
'S.W.  side  of  the  Bay  of  Acre ;  Mount  Tabor,  or  the  modern 
'Jebel  Toor,  at  the  N.E.  extremity  of  the  plain  of  Esdrae- 
lon;  Ebal  and  Gerizim,  in  the  valley  of  Samaria;  Gilead 
lind  Nebo,  or  Pisgah,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Jordan ;  and 
Zion,  Moriah,  and  the  Mount  of  Olives,  in  and  near  Jeru- 
'mlem.    The  latter   has   an  elevation  of  2536   feet.     The 
'Jountry  generally  is  of  trap  formation,  with  volcanic  rocks 
.n  several  localities.     An  oolitic  limestone  and  indurated 
ihalk  rock  prevail,  in  which  are  numerous  caverns.    The 


mountains  are  separated  by  deep  valleys  or  level  plains, 
and  the  whole  country  is  rich  in  natural  beauty.  The  soil 
is  remarkably  fertile,  but,  as  the  climate  requires  irrigation, 
and  careful  culture  is  wanting,  the  land  is  comiparatively 
barren  ;  yet  its  natural  fertility  fully  justifies  the  early  de- 
scription given  of  it  as  a  land  flowing  with  milk  and  honey. 
It  is  watered  by  numerous  streams,  the  most  important  of 
which  is  the  Jordan,  flowing  in  a  valley  remarkable  for  its 
depth,  the  Lake  of  Tabareeyeh,  through  which  it  flows, 
being  84  feet,  and  that  of  the  Dead  Sea,  into  which  it  falls, 
being  1337  feet  below  sea-level.  The  other  principal  rivers 
are  the  Jabok,  an  affluent  of  the  Jordan,  the  Kishon,  which 
flows  into  the  Mediterranean,  and  the  Nahr  Naman,  or 
Belus.  The  climate  in  the  dry  season  is  very  fine,  with  a 
bright  sky  and  no  rain.  Gentle  rains,  with  west  winds, 
commence  in  October  and  fall  regularly  in  November  and 
December.  Rain  continues  at  intervals  more  or  less  till 
March,  after  which  none  falls  during  all  the  harvest, 
which  is  in  May  and  June,  or  in  the  summer  which  suc- 
ceeds. Winter  frosts  are  slight,  except  in  high  positions, 
where  snow  occasionally  falls ;  the  heat  of  summer  in  the 
low  valleys  is  great,  but  not  oppressive  in  other  situations. 

The  name  Palestine,  derived  from  the  Hebrew  Pelescheth, 
and  meaning  the  land  of  the  Philistines,  does  not  occur  in 
Scripture,  and  is  properly  applicable  only  to  the  S.W.  part 
of  the  country,  stretching  along  the  shores  of  the  Mediter- 
ranean. Its  most  ancient  name  was  Canaan,  which  it  evi- 
dently owed  to  the  descent  of  its  inhabitants  from  Canaan, 
the  fourth  son  of  Ham,  and  a  grandson  of  Noah.  When 
thus  named  in  the  time  of  the  patriarchs,  it  was  parcelled 
out  among  a  number  of  independent  tribes  or  nations  :  the 
Kenites,  Kennizzites,  and  Kadmonites,  on  the  E.  of  the  Jor- 
dan ;  the  Hittites,  Perizzites,  Jebusites,  and  Amorites,  in 
the  hill  country  of  the  S. ;  the  Canaanites  proper,  in  the 
centre,  from  the  Jordan  to  the  coast;  the  Girgashites,  on 
the  E.  shore  of  the  Lake  of  Tabareeyeh ;  the  Hivites,  on  the 
N.,  among  the  ramifications  of  Lebanon ;  the  Philistines,  on 
the  S.,  and  the  Phoenicians,  on  the  N.  coast.  In  the  time 
of  Moses  the  country  E.  of  the  Jordan  was  conquered  and 
divided  among  the  tribes  of  Reuben  and  Gad  and  the  half- 
tribe  of  Manasseh.  Under  Joshua  the  work  of  conquest 
was  carried  on  to  the  W.  of  the  Jordan,  and  the  whole  ter- 
ritory, though  not  to  the  extent  originally  promised,  al- 
lotted to  the  remaining  half-tribe  of  Manasseh  and  the 
other  ten  tribes,  the  larger  portion  of  the  S.  falling  to  the 
tribes  of  Judah  and  Benjamin.  Under  Solomon  the  work 
of  conquest  appears  to  have  been  completed,  and  all  the 
land  which  was  originally  promised  was  included  within 
the  limits  of  his  kingdom.  By  the  folly  of  his  son  Reho- 
boam,  the  kingdom  was  rent  in  twain,  and  subdivided  into 
the  separate  kingdoms  of  Judah  in  the  S.  and  Israel  in  the 
N.  The  latter  kingdom  was  often  designated  by  the  name 
of  Samaria,  its  capital.  The  division  of  the  country  into 
tribes  was  completely  broken  up  by  the  Captivity,  which 
carried  away  ten  of  them  permanently  and  supplied  their 
place  by  a  new  colony.  After  the  destruction  of  the  Baby- 
lonian Empire,  Piilestine  fell  under  the  dominion,  first  of 
the  Persians  and  then  of  the  Macedonians.  In  the  time 
of  our  Saviour,  when  the  Romans  had  established  their 
ascendency,  it  was  divided  into  the  four  provinces  of  Gali- 
lee in  the  N.,  Samaria  in  the  centre,  Judaea  in  the  S.,  and 
Peraea,  which  included  all  the  country  E.  of  the  Jordan. 
Under  Constantino,  Palestine,  now  regarded  as  the  Holy 
Land,  acquired  new  interest,  and  recovered  in  some  degree 
from  the  calamities  by  which  it  had  been  laid  desolate; 
and  in  396,  on  the  division  of  the  Roman  Empire  by  Theo- 
dosius,  Palestine  became  a  province  of  the  empire. 

In  the  fifth  century  the  country  was  divided  ecclesiasti- 
cally into  the  first,  second,  and  third  Palestine;  the  1st 
comprising  Judaea,  capital,  Caosarea;  2d,  Samaria,  Galilee, 
&c.,  capital,  Scythopolis  or  Bethshan ;  and  the  3d  the 
countries  E.  and  S.  of  the  Dead  Sea,  capital,  Petra,  over 
all  which  sees  Jerusalem  was  subsequently  erected  into  a 
patriarchate.  Palestine  continued  a  Roman  province  till 
the  spread  of  Islamism,  to  which  it  soon  fell  a  prey ;  and 
Omar,  in  636,  after  taking  possession  of  its  capital,  con- 
verted it  into  one  of  the  provinces  of  his  caliphate.  The 
severities  exercised  towards  the  Christians,  having  roused 
the  indignation  of  Europe,  gave  rise  to  the  crusades,  and 
Jerusalem  became  for  a  time  the  capital  of  a  Christian  king- 
dom. Ultimately,  however,  Mohammedanism  prevailed,  and 
Palestine  sank  into  a  degraded  state,  from  which,  as  yet, 
it  has  not  shown  m.iny  symptoms  of  recovering.  The  sul- 
tans of  Egypt  ruled  it  till  1517,  when  it  was  taken  by  Selim 
I.  and  incorporated  with  the  Turkish  Empire. 

Palestine,  p&l'es-tin  or  p4l-es-tcen',  a  post-office  of 
Cleburne  co.,  Ala. 


Mim 


PAL 


2102 


PAL 


Palestine^  a  post-village  of  St  Frnnots  oo.,  Ark.,  on 
the  Memphis  A  Little  Koolc  lUilrood,  53  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Memphis.     It  has  a  ohuroh. 

PaleBtine«a  post-village  in  Palestine  township,  Craw- 
ford  oo.,  III.,  7  miles  B.  of  Robinson,  about  2  milos  W.  of 
the  Wabash  River,  and  35  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Terre  Haute, 
Ind.  It  bos  3  oburohes,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  news- 
paper offloe,  a  woollen-mill,  and  2  ploagh-faotories.  Pop. 
ftbout  000;  of  the  township,  19S8. 

Palestine,  a  township  of  Woodford  oo.,  III.     P.  1325. 

Palestine,  a  small  hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind.,  5} 
miles  E.  of  Uroukville.     It  has  a  church. 

Palestine,  Hancock  oo.,  Ind.    See  New  Palestine. 

Palestine,  a  post-village  in  Harrison  township,  Kos- 
eiusko  CO.,  Ind.,  7  milos  S.W.  of  AVarsaw,  and  aoout  40 
miles  N.B.  of  Logansport.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  2  churches, 
and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Palestine,  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  oo.,  Ind.,  about  54  miles 
6.E.  of  Terre  Haute. 

Palestine,  a  township  of  Story  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  898. 

Palestine,  a  township  of  Sumner  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Arkansas  River.     Pop.  400. 

Palestine,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  parish,  La., 
about  70  miles  N.  of  New  Orleans. 

Palestine,  a  township  of  Cooper  co..  Mo.  Pop.  2430. 
Palestine  Station  is  at  New  Palestine  (which  see). 

Palestine,  a  hamlet  of  Adams  co.,  0.,  16  miles  E.  of 
Winchester. 

Palestine,  a  hamlet  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  about  18  miles  above  Cincinnati.  Here  is  New  Pales- 
tine Post-OSice. 

Palestine,  Columbiana  oo.,  0.    See  East  Palestine. 

Palestine  (German  Post-OflSce),  a  village  in  Gorman 
township,  Darke  co.,  0.,  about  40  milos  N.W.  of  Dayton. 
It  has  a  tannery,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  drug-storo.     Pop.  264. 

Palestine,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pickaway  co.,  0.,  on  Deer 
Creek,  about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Columbus.     It  has  a  church. 

Palestine,  Shelby  co.,  0.    See  New  Palestine. 

Palestine,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  Tenn.,  about  60 
miles  S.W.  of  Nashville. 

Palestine,  a  hamlet  of  Obion  co.,  Tenn.,  3  miles  from 
Obion  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill, 
and  a  drug-store.     Pop.  about  200. 

Palestine,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Anderson  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  International  &  Great  Northern  Railroad,  152  miles 
N.  of  Houston,  84  miles  S.S.W.  of  Longview,  and  91  miles 
N.E.  of  Hearne.  It  is  the  N.E.  terminus  of  a  branch  rail- 
road which  extends  180  miles  to  Austin.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  6  churches,  a  high  school,  a  bank,  and  a  manu- 
factory of  brass  and  iron.  A  daily  and  2  weekly  news- 
papers are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  5838. 

Palestine,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greenbrier  co.,  W.  Va., 
is  near  the  Greenbrier  River  and  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  about  20  miles  W.  of  the  White  Sulphur  Springs. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  Hour-mill. 

Palestine,  a  village  of  Wirt  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Little 
Kanawha  River,  25  miles  S.S.E.  of  Parkersburg.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  steam  flour-mill,  &c. 

Palestine,  a  post-town  of  Manitoba,  on  the  Jordan 
River,  14  miles  S.  of  Manitoba  Lake,  and  100  miles  W.  of 
Winnipeg. 

Palestine  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Platte  co..  Neb. 

Palestrina,  pi-lds-tree'ni  (anc.  Prsenea'te),  an  episco- 
pal city  of  Central  Italy,  22  miles  E.S.E.  of  Rome.  Pop. 
6015.  Its  walls  present  successively  the  architecture  of  tlie 
Pelasgic  era  and  of  the  Roman  periods.  The  modern  town 
is  built  on  the  site  of  the  Temple  of  Fortune,  erected  by 
Sylla.  It  has  some  interesting  churches,  an  old  palace  of 
the  Barberini  family,  and  a  castle,  once  the  chief  strong- 
hold of  the  Colonna,  to  whom  the  town  belonged. 

Palestrina,  an  island  of  Italy.    See  Pelestuina. 

Palfnriana,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Vendrrll. 

Palghaut,  or  Paighat,  pdl-gawt',  also  called  Paul- 
ghautcherry,  pawl-gawt-chcr'ree,  a  fortified  town  of  In- 
dia, district  of  Malabar,  30  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Coim- 
batoor,  in  a  famous  pass  of  the  Western  Ghauts.  It  has  a 
large  trade  and  active  manufactures.     Pop.  30,752. 

Palhanpoor,  an  agency  of  India.    See  Palanpoor. 

Paliano,  pl-le-i'no,  a  fortified  town  of  Central  Italy, 
7  miles  N.W.  of  Anagni.  Pop.  5100.  It  is  enclosed  by 
strong  walls,  and  accessible  only  on  one  side. 

Pulibothra,  an  ancient  name  of  Patna. 

Paliggiano,  p4-lid-ji'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Leoce,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Taranto.    Pop.  2000. 

Palighaut,  British  India.     See  Palghaut. 

Palinuri  Promontorium.    See  Cape  Palinuro. 

Palinnras  Shoal,  Arabia.    See  Abo-ei<-Koore£. 


Palisade',  a  post-village  of  Eureka  oo.,  Novadn,  or 
the  Humboldt  River,  and  on  the  Centnvl  Pacific  Uaili 
33  miles  S.W.  of  Elko.     It  is  near  the  high  cliffs  or  i 
called  Palisades.     It  has  an  active  trade  with  the  ii; 
of  the  White  Pine  District.    It  is  a  terminus  of  the  Em . 
&  Palisade  Railroad. 

Palisade,  a  post-office  of  Minnehaha  co.,  8.D. 

Palisades,  p&ri-sadz',  the  name  of  a  long  blud    i 
precipice  which  extends  along  the  W.  shore  of  the  II  ui 
River,  in   Rockland  co.,  N.Y.,  and  Bergen  and  Jii; 
COS.,  N.J.     It  is  formed  of  basalt  or  trap  rock,  is  i 
straight,  about  IS  miles  long,  and  in  some  places  4t>u  u,: 
high.  j 

Palisades,  formerly  Rock'land,  a  post-village  ii' 
Ornngetown  township,  Rockland  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  I  In 
River,  at  the  northern  end  of  the  Palisades,  and  adjac. 
Sneden's  Landing,  IJ  miles  from  Sparkiil  Station,  ^^ 
is  24  miles  N.  of  New  York.     It  has  2  churches.    The  - 
is  elevated  about  200  feet  above  the  river,  and  coiniuiin  i 
beautiful  view.     Here  are  several  fine  country- scai.'^ 
villas.     Pop.  about  400. 

Paliseul,  piMee'zul',  a  village  of  Belgium,  provin. 
Luxembourg,  35  miles  W.N.W.  of  Arlon.     Pop.  1210. 

Palisse,  La,  I&  piMcess',  a  town  of  France,  in  Allier 
27  miles  S.E.  of  Moulins.     Pop.  1796. 

Palk's  (pawks)  Strait  is  that  portion  of  the  Indiai 
Ocean  separating  Ceylon  from  the  mainland  of  India,  lat 
10°  N.,  Ion.  80°  E.,  and  where  narrowest  40  miles  across 
It  is  bounded  S.  by  the  island  of  Ramisseram. 

Pallene,  the  ancient  name  of  Cassandiia. 

Pal  Lahara,  p&l  l&-hft.'r&,  a  native  state  of  India,  ii 
Orissa,  lat.  21°  8.6'  to  21°  40'  35"  N.,  and  Ion.  85°  3'  to  85< 
21.5'  E.  Area,  452  square  miles.  It  is  in  part  moun 
tainous,  with  valuable  forests.  Capital,  Lahara,  a  villagi 
in  lat.  21°  26'  N.,  Ion.  85°  13'  46"  E.  It  is  governed  by  t 
rajah,  tributary  to  the  British.     Pop.  15,450. 

Pallantia,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Palancia. 

Pallantia,  the  ancient  name  of  Palencia. 

Pallanza,  pil-lin'zi,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  Oi 
Lago  Maggiore,  5  miles  E.  of  Gravellona.     Pop.  3534. 

Pal'las,  a  post-office  of  Snyder  co.,  Pa.,  about  34  milei 
N.  of  Harrisburg. 

Pal'las-Ken'ry,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  10  milei 
E.S.E.  of  Limerick.     Pop.  700. 

Pallee,  pdl'Iee,  a  large  commercial  town  of  India,  do- 
minion and  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  Joodpoor,  on  an  affluent  of 
the  Loonce  River.  It  is  a  great  entrepOt  for  Malwah  opiucl 
in  its  transit  to  Bombay,  Ac,  and  it  has  a  considerable  im- 
port trade  in  chintz  and  European  manufactures. 

Pallia,  pJlrie-i,  a  town  of  British  India,  84  miles  S.E 
of  Hyderabad. 

Pallia,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Paglia. 

Pal'lice,  or  Pal'las,  a  hamlet  of  Ireland,  co,  ol 
Longford,  1^  miles  S.E.  of  Ballymahon.  Oliver  Goldsmitt 
was  born  here  in  1731. 

Pallicoonda,  p.\l-le-koon'di,  a  town  of  British  India.] 
presidency  of  Madras,  28  miles  W.  of  Arcot.  j 

Pal'liser  Islands,  a  group  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  Low 
Archipelago.     Lat.  15°  S. ;  Ion.  145°  W.  I 

Pall  Mall,  a  post-office  of  Fentress  co.,  Tenn.,  abouli 
75  miles  W.N.W.  of  Knoxville.  ' 

Pallo,  pil'lo^  or  Ilab'bit  Island,  a  small  island  of 
the  Malay  Archipelago,  S.  of  Sangir  Island.  Lat.  3°  5'  N. ; 
Ion.  125°  30'  E. 

Palliiau,  a  village  of  France.     See  Paluau. 

Pnim,  pim,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Perkiomen  Railroad,  17  miles  S.  of  Allentown.  I 

Pal  ma,  pil'mi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta,  41 
miles  S.  of  Nola.     Pop.  7071. 

Palma,  a  town  of  Sicily,  near  its  S.W.  coast,  13  miles 
S.E.  of  Girgenti.  Pop.  13,497.  It  has  an  active  trade  in 
almonds,  dried  fruits,  soda,  wine,  and  sulphur.  _     j 

Palma,  pil'mi,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  26  milesl 
N.E.  of  Huelva.     Pop.  4112. 

Palma,  pM'ma,,  a  fortified  town  of  Spain,  capital  of 
the  island  of  Majorca  and  of  the  province  of  the  IJaleario 
Isles,  with  a  fine  harbor  in  the  Bay  of  Palmas,  on  its  S.W. 
coast,  130  miles  S.  of  Barcelona.  Lat.  39°  34'  N. ;  Ion.  2°  45' 
E.  Pop.  68.224.  It  is  built  in  the  form  of  an  amphitheatre, 
and  surrounded  by  a  wall  36  feet  thick,  with  13  bastions 
and  8  gates,  3  fronting  the  sea  and  5  facing  the  land.  The 
streets  are  narrow ;  many  of  them  are  paved  and  provided 
with  footwalks  laid  with  tiles.  The  principal  public  buildings 
are  the  cathedral,  the  exchange,  a  splendid  structure,  the  pal- 
ace of  the  governor,  and  the  town  house.  There  are  7  parish 
churches,  many  convents,  severable  charitable  institutions, 
a  lazaretto,  and  a  general  hospital.    Among  the  educational 


PAL 


2103 


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lat 


institutions  may  be  specified  the  academy  of  medicine  and 
gureery,  the  Chirurgical,  a  normal  school,  an  institute  where 
the  higher  branches  of  education  are  taught,  a  nautical 
Bchool,  the  Colegio  de  Sapienza,  for  poor  young  men,  a  school 
for  orphan  girls,  the  Colegio  de  Crianza,  for  young  ladies  of 
rank,  and  the  Colegio  do  Pureza,  also  for  females,  2  public 
libraries,  a  museum  of  paintings,  and  ship-building  yards 
which  employ  numerous  hands  in  the  construction  of  swift 
lateen  vessels.  Two  light-houses  stand  at  the  entrance  of 
Porti  Pi,  a  narrow  road,  where  the  larger  vessels  anchor. 
About  midway  between  the  city  and  Porto  Pi  is  the.  castle 
of  Bellver.    The  town  is  the  terminus  of  2  railways. 

Palma  is  the  port  for  the  whole  island.  It  has  important 
coastwise,  foreign,  and  colonial  trade.  The  manufactures 
comprise  cotton,  linen,  woollen,  and  silk  tissues,  soap,  glass, 
brandy,  thread,  ropes,  shoes,  boots,  pottery,  castings,  and 
tiles,  besides  a  number  of  oil-  and  flour-mills.  Palma  is  the 
residence  of  the  captain-general  of  Majorca. 

Palma,  or  San  Miguel  de  Palma,  s&n  mee-gh61' 
di  pil'mi,  one  of  the  Canary  Islands,  in  the  Atlantic,  its 
AV.  extremity  being  in  lat.  28°  45'  N.,  Ion.  17°  50'  W., 
being  26  miles  long  and  16  miles  broad.  Area,  333  square 
miles.  Pop.  33,089.  It  is  remarkable  for  its  great  eleva- 
tion, several  of  its  peaks  being  upwards  of  7000  feet  in 
height.  The  valleys  are  highly  fertile,  and  the  island  is 
well  wooded.  Principal  products,  wine,  fruits,  honey,  wax, 
Bilk,  and  sugar.     Chief  town,  Santa  Cruz  de  la  Palma. 

PaI'ma,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Ky.,  on  Clark's 
Eiver,  about  16  miles  S.E.  of  Paducah. 

Palma,  jiil'mi,  a  small  town  of  the  republic  of  Co- 
lombia, and  a  river  and  capo  of  Cuba. 

Palma  del  Kio,  pAl'm'i  d51  ree'o,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  30  miles  S.W.  of  Cordova,  on  the  Guadal- 
quivir, at  its  confluence  with  the  Genii.     Pop.  5391. 

Palma  Nuova,  pil'mi  noo-o'vi,  a  fortified  town  of 
Italy,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Udine.     Pop.  4214. 

Palmar,  pil-mau',  or  Lugar  de  San  Juan,  loo-gan' 
dk  sin  Hw4n  or  Hoo-in',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  3 
miles  S.  of  Murcia. 

Palmaria,  pil-mi-ree'i,  an  islet  of  North  Italy,  in 
the  Mediterranean,  near  the  promontory  of  Porto- Venere, 
celebrated  for  its  fine  black  marble  with  golden  veins.  It 
bounds  the  Gulf  of  Spezia  on  the  S.W. 

Palmas,  a  river  of  Zanguebar,  East  Africa,  and  a  har- 
bor of  South  America,  Ecuador,  under  the  equator. 

Palmas,  a  small  island  of  the  republic  of  Colombia, 

15  miles  N.W.  of  Buenaventura,  in  the  Bay  of  Choco. 
Palmas,  Las,  Gran  Canaria.    See  Las  Palmas. 
Palmas,  Gulf  of.    See  Gulf  op  Palmas. 
Palmas  Point,  Yucatan,  on  its  W.  coast,  near  Sisal. 
Palme,  a  city  of  Italy.    See  Palmi. 

Palme  (pilm).  Lagoon  op,  France,  in  Aude,  14  miles 
S.  of  Narbonne,  is  separated  from  the  Mediterranean  by  a 
narrow  island,  and  united  with  it  by  the  Strait  of  Franqui. 
Length,  about  2^  miles;  breadth,  about  2  miles.  On  tho 
W.  bank  is  the  village  of  Palme. 

Palmeiras,  pS,l-raA'r3,s  or  pil-mi'e-rls,  a  town  of 
Brazil,  state  of  Sao  Paulo,  near  Curitiba.     Pop.  2150. 

Palmclla,  pil-mSl'li,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Estre- 
madura,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Lisbon.     Pop.  6172. 

Palmer,  pil'm§r  or  pi'm^r,  a  post-offico  of  Monroe 
CO.,  Ark.,  and  a  station  on  the  Arkansas  Central  Railroad, 
30  miles  AV.  of  Helena. 

Palmer,  a  post-village  in  Bear  Creek  township.  Chris- 
tian CO.,  111.,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  37  miles  S.AV.  of 
Decatur.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  warehouse  for 
grain,  and  a  manufactory  of  furniture.     Pop.  about  250. 

Palmer,  a  post-ofiieo  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa. 

Palmer,  a  post-village  in  Sherman  township,  AA^ash- 
ington  CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Central  Branch  Union  Pacific 
"^  ilroad,  25  miles  AV.  of  AA'aterville.  It  has  2  grain-ele- 
ators  and  2  dry-goods  stores. 

Palmer,  a  post-village  in  Palmer  township,  Hampden 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  Chicopee  River,  and  on  the  Boston  &  Albany 
Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  New  London  Northern  Rail- 
road, 15  miles  E.  byN.  of  Springfield,  and  39  miles  AV.S.AV. 
of  AVorcester.  It  has  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
^igh  school,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  and  manu- 
ictures  of  carriages  and  straw  hats.  It  is  the  southern 
terminus  of  the  Ware  River  Railroad. 

Palmer,  a  post-township  of  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  about 

16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Springfield,  bounded  on  the  E.  and  S. 
by  the  Chicopeo  River,  and  on  the  AV.  by  the  Swift  River. 
Pop.  4572.  It  contains  villages  named  Palmer,  Bond's  Vil- 
lage, and  Thorndike. 

;    Palmer,  Ionia  CO.,  Mich.    See  Orleans. 

Palmer,  a  post- village  of  Marquette  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 


Marquette,  Houghton  &  Ontonagon  Railroad,  7  miles  S.S.E. 
of  L'Anse.     It  has  an  iron-mine. 

Palmer,  a  township  of  Sherburne  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  47. 

Palmer,  a  post-village  of  Harmony  township,  AVash- 
ington  CO.,  Mo.  It  has  3  churches,  and  a  furnace  for  smelt- 
ing lead,  which  is  mined  here. 

Palmer,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  0.     Pop.  434. 

Palmer,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  0.     Pop.  671. 

Palmer,  a  station  in  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  on  the  North  Penc- 
sylvania  Railroad,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Philadelphia. 

Palmer,  a  township  of  Northampton  co..  Pa.     P.  1444. 

Palmer,  apost-hamlet  of  Ellis  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Houston 
&  Texas  Central  Railroad,  26  miles  S.S.E.  of  Dallas. 

Palmer  Falls,  a  hamlet  of  Sar.atoga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Hudson  River,  li  miles  from  Jessup's  Landing. 

Palmer  Rapids,  a  post-village  in  Renfrew  co.,  On- 
tario, on  the  Madawaska  River,  55  miles  AV.  of  Renfrew. 
It  contains  a  store,  a  hotel,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Palmer's  Land,  Antarctic  Ocean,  S.  of  the  South 
Shetland  Islands.     Lat.  63°  25'  S.;  Ion.  57°  55'  AV. 

Palmer's  (or  Morden)  Road,  a  post-village  in 
Kings  CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Western  Counties  Railway, 
2  miles  from  Aylesford.     It  has  2  tanneries.     Pop.  100. 

Palmer's  Springs,  post-office,  Mecklenburg  co.,  Va. 

Palmerston,  pi'm^rs-tgn,  a  seaport  village  of  Vic- 
toria, Australia,  adjacent  to  Port  Albert.     Pop.  234. 

Palmerston,  a  seaport  village,  capital  of  the  Northern 
territory  of  Australia  (now  attached  to  South  Australia), 
on  an  excellent  harbor,  called  Port  Darwin,  24  miles  N.  ol 
Southport.  It  is  at  the  junction  of  the  overland  telegraph 
with  the  ocean  cable  to  Java.     It  is  well  built.     Pop.  200. 

Palmerston,  a  town  of  New  Zealand,  on  South  Island, 
near  the  sea,  about  30  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Dunedin.  Another 
Palmerston  is  on  North  Island,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Foxton. 

Palmerston, or  Saint  Louis,  apost-village in  Kent 
CO.,  New  Brunswick,  on  the  Kouchibouguao  River,  6  miles 
from  Richibucto.  It  contains  4  saw-mills,  a  carding-mill, 
and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  600. 

Palmerston,  or  Dry'den,  a  post-village  in  Perth  co., 
Ontario,  on  the  AVellington,  Grey  &  Bruce  Railway,  30 
miles  AV.N.AV.  of  Elora.  It  contains  6  stores,  3  hotels,  and 
a  saw-mill.     Pop.  150. 

Palmerston  Depot,  Ontario.    See  Embro. 

Palmerston  (pd'mers-tpn)  Island,  Pacific  Ocean,  la 
in  lat.  18°  4'  S.,  Ion.  163°  10'  AV. 

Palmerstown  (pi'mers-town)  House,  a  village  of 
Ireland,  co.  of  Kildaro,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Naas.     Pop.  206. 

Palmcrsville,  p4'm§r8-vll,  a  hamlet  of  Alleghany 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  9  miles  AV.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Palmersville,  a  post-office  of  AVeakley  co.,  Tenn. 

Palmertown,  p4'm§r-tSwn,  a  hamlet  of  New  London 
CO.,  Conn.,  in  Montville  township,  2  miles  from  Montvilla 
Station.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  cotton, 
paper,  and  wool. 

Palmetto,  a  post-office  of  Pickens  co.,  Ala. 

Palmetto,  a  post-hamlet  of  Manatee  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
Manatee  River,  6  miles  from  its  mouth.  It  has  a  church. 
Steamboats  ascend  the  river  to  this  place. 

Palmetto,  a  post-village  of  Campbell  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Atlanta  &  AVest  Point  Railroad,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Atlanta. 
It  has  an  academy  and  3  churches. 

Palmetto,  a  post-hamlet  of  Darlington  co.,  S.C,  on 
the  Cheraw  <fc  Darlington  Railroad,  4i  miles  from  Darling- 
ton Court-House.     It  has  an  academy. 

Palmetto,  a  post-village  of  Bedford  co.,  Tenn.,  12 
miles  AV.  of  Shelby  ville.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Palmetto  Creek,  Laurens  co.,  Ga.,  runs  S.E.,  and 
enters  the  Oconee  River  about  9  miles  below  Dublin. 

Palmetto  Home,  a  post-office  of  Yazoo  co..  Miss.,  is 
at  Silver  City. 

Palmi,  pS,l'mee,  or  Palme,  pil'mi,  a  city  of  Italy, 
province  of  Reggio  di  Calabria,  21  miles  N.N.E.  of  Rcggio. 
Pop.  10,025.  It  has  a  port  on  the  Gulf  of  Gioja,  and  an 
active  trade. 

Palm  Key,  Florida.    See  Ana  Maria  Island. 

Palmoli,  pil'mo-le,  a  market-town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Chieti,  13  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Vasto.     Pop.  2962. 

PalmstOAvn,  pimz'tSwn,  a  hamlet  of  Cumberland  co., 
Pa.,  3  miles  from  Newville.     Pop.  40. 

Palmyra,  pil-mi'ra  (the  Tadmor  of  Scripture;  Gr. 
noA^vpa,  Paliniira ;  L.  Palmy'ra  ;  Fr.  Palmyre,  piPmeeR'), 
a  ruined  city  in  an  oasis  of  the  Syrian  Desert,  120  miles 
N.E.  of  Damascus.  Lat.  34°  13'  N. ;  Ion.  38°  13'  E.  Its 
remains,  which  cover  a  surface  of  about  3  square  miles, 
consist  of  a  great  number  of  columns,  portions  of  a  Temple 
of  the  Sun,  occupying  a  quadrangular  space  of  220  square 
yards,  and  which   had  390  columns,  60  of  which  still  r«^ 


PAL 


2104 


PAL 


Diitin;  rraginenta  of  lome  other  tounplM,  several  gatow&yi, 
tniocii  uf  an  aoueduct,  and  numorous  sopulohroa  on  the 
■iilo«  and  Ruinmita  of  the  aitjnccnt  heights,  most  of  whioh 
edifloei  iipuonr  to  have  boon  oonstruoted  during  the  three 
8r»t  contunos  of  the  Christian  era.  This  nnciunt  oily  waa 
foundo^l  by  Solomon,  and  called  in  Hebrew  Tadmor,  that  is, 
the  "  city  of  polui-trees,"  of  which  the  Uruek  MoAfiUpa  is  a 
translation.  In  the  third  century  it  was  the  capital  of 
Queen  Zonobla.  It  continued  to  be  inhabited  till  it  was 
taken  and  plundered  by  Timur  (Tamerlane)  about  the  year 
1400. Adj.  and  inhub.  Palmyrknb,  p&l-nio-rcen'. 

Palniy'ra,  a  pust-hamlot  of  Lincoln  co.,  Ark.,  25  miles 
from  Pino  Ulutf.     It  has  an  academy. 

Palmyra,  a  townsh!]i  of  Lee  co.,  III.    Pop.  IIOU. 

Palmyra,  a  post-village  in  Palmyra  township,  Macou- 
pin CO.,  III.,  12  miles  S.  of  Waverly  Station,  and  about  33 
miles  S.W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  3  churches,  2  wagon- 
shons,  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  200 ;  of  township,  2400. 

Palmyra,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.,  18  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Now  Albany.  It  has  3  churches,  2  hotels,  and 
a  steam  flouring-mill.     Pop.  nearly  150. 

Palmyra,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1269. 

Palmyra,  a  post-village  in  Palmyra  township,  Warren 
CO.,  Iowa,  about  14  miles  S.E.  of  Des  Moines,  and  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Indianola.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of 
stoneware  and  wool.  Pop.  226.  The  township  is  bounded 
on  the  S.E.  by  the  South  River,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1118. 

Palmyra,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas. 

Palmyra,  a  township  of  Douglas  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
2065.  It  contains  Baldwin  City,  Prairio  City,  Vinland, 
and  Black  Jack. 

Palmyra,  a  hamlet  of  Simpson  co.,  Ky.,  about  25  miles 
S.  of  Bowling  Green. 

Palmyra,  a  post-hamlet  in  Palmyra  township,  Somer- 
set CO.,  Me.,  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Skowbegan,  and  about  32 
miles  W.  of  Bangor.  It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 
The  township  is  drained  by  the  Sebasticook  Kiver,  and  has 
a  pop.  of  1322. 

Palmyra,  a  post-village  in  Palmyra  township,  Lenawee 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  Raisin  River,  and  on  the  Michigan  Southern 
Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Adrian.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  paper,  carriages,  cigars, 
Ac.     Pop.  about  300;  of  the  township,  1720. 

Palmyra,  post-township,  Renville  co.,  Minn.   Pop.  231. 

Palmyra,  a  post-haralet  of  Warren  co..  Miss.,  25  miles 
from  Vicksburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Palmyra,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Marion  co..  Mo.,  in 
Liberty  township,  5  or  6  miles  W.  of  the  Mississippi  River, 
at  the  junction  of  2  branches  of  the  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph 
Railro.ad  (station  name.  Palmyra  Junction),  15  miles  N.W. 
of  Hannibal,  and  15  miles  S.W.  of  Quincy,  III.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  about 
10  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  male  and  female  semi- 
nary, St.  Paul's  College  (Protestant  Episcopal),  which  was 
organized  in  1848,  the  Ingleside  Female  College,  and  manu- 
factures of  flour,  farming-tools,  and  wagons.     Pop.  2615. 

Palmyra,  a  post-village  of  Otoe  co..  Neb.,  on  the  Mid- 
land Pacific  Railroad,  24  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lincoln,  and  34 
miles  W.  of  Nebraska  City.     It  has  2  churches. 

Palmyra,  a  post-village  of  Cinnaminson  township, 
Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Camden  &  Amboy  Railroad,  7 
miles  N.E.  of  Camden.  It  is  near  the  Delaware  River.  It 
has  a  church. 

Palmyra,  a  handsome  post-village  in  Palmyra  town- 
ship, Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie  Canal,  on  Mud  Creek, 
and  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  22  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Rochester,  and  13i  miles  W.  of  Lyons.  It  contains  5 
churches,  the  Palmyra  Classical  Union  School,  3  banks,  2 
newspaper  offices,  a  machine-shop,  2  .furnaces,  and  manu- 
factures of  printing  presses,  grain-drills,  and  scales.  Pop. 
in  1890,  2131;  of  the  township,  4188. 

Palmyra,  a  post-village  in  Palmyra  township,  Halifax 
CO.,  N.C.,  i  mile  from  the  Roanoke  River,  and  18  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Tarborough.  It  has  a  church  and  15  stores,  and 
is  a  shipping-point  for  large  parts  of  several  counties.  Pop. 
about  600 ;  of  the  township,  2345. 

Palmyra,  a  post-village  in  Palmyra  township.  Portage 
eo.,  0.,  on  the  Alliance  &  Lake  Erie  Railroad,  14  miles  N. 
of  Alliance,  and  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Ravenna.  Pop.  about 
300  ;  of  the  township,  848. 

Palmyra,  a  post-village  in  Londonderry  township, 
Lebanon  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Lebanon  Valley  Railroad,  16 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Ilarrisburg.  It  has  4  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  farming-implements.     Pop.  about  600. 

Palmyra,  a  township  of  Pike  co..  Pa.     Pop.  570. 

Palmyra,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  2481. 
It  contains  Hawley. 


Palmyra,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
Cumberland  River,  and  on  the  Louisville  <fc  Memphis  Rail- 
road,  about  50  miles  W.N.W.  of  Nashville,  and  12  miles 
S.W.  of  Clarksville.     It  has  a  church. 

Palmyra,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Fluvanna  co.,  Va. 
on  the  Rivanna,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Charlottesville.  It  has  a 
court-house,  2  churches,  2  flour-mills,  and  a  distillery. 

Palmyra,  a  post-village  in  Palmyra  township,  Jef. 
ferson  oo.,  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Foul 
Railroad,  42  miles  W.S.W.  of  Milwiiukoe,  and  30  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Janesville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  graded  school,  a  large  hotel,  2  flour-mills,  and  an 
artesian  well  750  feet  deep.  Pop.  793 ;  of  the  township, 
1576.     Here  are  mineral  s])rings. 

Palmyra  Junction,  Marion  co..  Mo.    See  Palmyra. 

Palniy'ras  Point,  a  headland  of  British  India,  in 
Orissa,  on  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  near  the  mouth  of  the  river 
Braminy,  57  miles  S.E.  of  Balasore. 

Palmyre,  a  city  of  West  Asia.    See  Palmtua. 

Palo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Avellino,  9  miles  from 
Campagna.     Pop.  2950. 

Palo,  p&'lo,  a  city  of  Italy,  province  and  11  miles  S.AV. 
of  Bari.     Pop.  10,745. 

Pa'lo,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Ala.,  60  miles  N.E. 
of  Columbus,  Miss. 

Palo,  a  post-village  in  Fayette  towneiiip,  Linn  co., 
Iowa,  near  the  Cedar  River,  and  on  the  Burlington,  Cedar 
Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Cedar 
Rapids.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  saw-mill, 
and  a  grist-mill. 

Palo,  a  post-village  in  Ronald  township,  Ionia  co., 
Mich.,  on  Prairie  Creek,  9  miles  N.  of  Muir,  and  about  36 
miles  N.W.  of  Lansing.  It  has  2  chuichc",  a  foundry,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  pump-factory.     Pop.  about  300. 

Pa'lo  Al'to,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Iowa,  has  an 
area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  West 
Fork  of  the  Des  Moines  River,  and  contains  several  small 
lakes.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products. 
A  large  portion  of  it  is  prairie.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Burlington.  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad  and  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad.  Capital,  Em- 
metsburg.    Pop.  in  1870, 1336;  in  1880,  4131 ;  in  1890,  9318. 

Palo  Alto,  a  hamlet  of  Jasper  co.,  Ga.,  15  miles  S.B. 
of  Covington. 

Palo  Alto,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co..  111.,  about  38 
miles  S.E.  of  Centralia. 

Palo  Alto,  a  township  of  Jasper  co.,  Iowa.     P.  1274. 

Palo  Alto,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co.,  Miss.,  12  miles 
N.AV.  of  West  Point,  and  about  28  miles  N.W.  of  Colum- 
bus.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  plough-factory. 

Palo  Alto,  a  post-office  of  Onslow  co.,  N.C. 

Palo  Alto,  a  post-office  of  Seneca  co.,  0. 

Palo  Alto,  a  borough  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  near  the 
Schuylkill  River,  about  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Reading,  and 
2  miles  N.E.  of  Pottsville.  It  is  on  a  branch  of  the  Phila- 
delphia A  Reading  Railroad,  and  has  stations  called  Mill 
Creek  Junction  (which  see)  and  Palo  Alto.  It  has  a 
rolling-mill  and  some  machine-shops  of  the  railroad,  Coal 
is  mined  near  this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  1424. 

Palo  Alto,  a  post-office  of  Bell  co.,  Tex. 

Palo  Alto,  pi'lo  arte,  a  battle-field,  situated  near  the 
S.  extremity  of  Texas,  in  Cameron  co.,  between  Point  Isabel 
and  Matamoras,  about  9  miles  N.E.  of  the  latter.  Here, 
on  the  8th  of  May,  1846,  the  Americans,  numbering  2111, 
under  General  Taylor,  defeated  6000  Mexicans.  The  loss 
of  the  former  was  32  killed  and  47  wounded ;  that  of  the 
latter,  252  killed. 

Paloan  (pi-lo-in')  Bay,  a  bay  of  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago, on  the  N.W.  coast  of  the  island  of  Mindoro. 

Palo'ma,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co..  111.,  on  the  Chi- 
cago, Burlington  A  Quincy  Railroad,  14  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Quincy.     It  has  2  churches. 

Palomares  del  Campo,  pi-lo-m&'rSs  d51  k&m'po, 
a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Cuenca. 

Palombara,  pi-lom-bi'r4,  a  town  of  Central  Italy,  8 
miles  N.  of  Tivoli.     Pop.  3844. 

Palombara,  a  town  of  Italy,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Lan- 
ciano.     Pop.  2302. 

Paloo,  Palou,  or  Pain,  pl'loo',  a  town  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  55  miles  N.  of  Diarbekir,  on  the  Moorad-Chai,  the 
E.  arm  of  the  Euphrates.  Pop.  estimated  at  1000  families, 
of  whom  400  are  Armenian  and  600  Mohammedan,  the 
former  employed  in  cotton-weaving,  dyeing,  tanning,  and 
other  manufactures,  the  latter  in  agriculture. 

Paloonshah,  p8,-loon'shi,  a  town  of  India,  in  ths 
Nizam's  dominions,  150  miles  E.N.E.  of  Hyderabad. 


PAL 


2105 


PAM 


Pa'lo  Pin'to,  a  small  river  of  Texas,  traverses  Palo 
Pinto  CO.,  and  enters  the  Brazos  Kiver  from  the  AV. 

Palo  Pinto,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
area  of  about  960  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Bnizos  River,  which  runs  a  winding  course  from  N.W.  to 
S  E  and  also  drained  by  the  Palo  Pinto  River.  Capital, 
Palo  Pinto.     Pop.  in  1880,  5S85;  in  1890,  8.320. 

Palo  Pinto,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benton  co.,  Mo.,  10 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Windsor  Station. 

Palo  Pinto,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Palo  Pinto  co., 
Tex.,  about  100  miles  AV.  of  Dallas,  and  5  miles  AV.  of  the 
Brazos  River.     It  has  a  newspaper  oflace. 

Palos,  pd'locc,  a  seaport  town  of  Spain,  province  of 
Huelva,  on  the  Rio  Tinto,  near  the  sea,  and  5  miles  below 
Mcuer.  Here  Columbus  set  sail  in  1492  for  his  discovery 
of  America.     Pop.  1145. 

Palos,  pl'Ioce,  a  town  on  the  AV.  coast  of  the  island  of 
Celebes.  It  gives  its  name  to  a  fine  bay  in  the  Strait  of 
Macassar,  and  to  an  isthmus  which  joins  the  N.  peninsula 
to  the  S.  part  of  Celebes. 

Pa'los,  a  post-township  of  Cook  co.,  111.,  about  20  miles 
S.AV.  of  Chicago.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.AV.  by  the  Des 
Plaines  River,  and  has  a  church.     Pop.  853. 

Palota,  pd'lo'toh\  a  village  of  Hungary,  co. of  Csanad, 
26  miles  AV.N.AV.  of  Arad.     Pop.  4349. 

Palota,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  13  miles  N.E.  of 
A'eszprim.     Pop.  5536. 

Palou,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Paloo. 

Palouse,  pa-looz',  a  post-office  of  AVhitman  co.,  AVash- 
.  ington. 

j  Palouse  (or  Pelouse)  River  rises  in  Idaho,  at  the 
(W.  base  of  the  Bitter  Root  Mountains,  and  runs  nearly 
twestward  into  AVashington.  It  finally  runs  southward,  and 
lenters  the  Snake  or  Lewis  River  about  lat.  46°  36'  N.  and 
jlon.  118°  13'  AV.  It  is  nearly  220  miles  long.  Nine  miles 
Ifirom  its  mouth  it  forms  a  cataract  nearly  125  feet  high. 
I  Palpa,  pil'pi,  a  town  of  India,  in  Nepaul,  near  the 
(Qunduck,  58  miles  AV.  of  Goorkha. 

J  Falpa,  pil'pi,  a  village  of  Peru,  province  and  60  miles 
IS.B.of  Ifa,  on  the  Rio  Grande,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Pacific. 
I  Palte,  or  Palteh,  pil'ti  or  pil'tih  (written  also 
iTambro)  Lake,  a  remarkable  lake  of  Thibet,  30  miles 
fS.AV.  of  Lassa.  It  is  nearly  annular,  40  miles  in  diameter, 
|ind  contains  a  large  central  island,  in  which  is  a  temple. 
1    Palu,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Paloo. 

Faluau,  or  Falluau,  piUii'o',  a  village  of  France,  in 
[ndre,  20  miles  AV.N.AV.  of  Chateauroux,  on  the  Indre. 
'   Palud,  La,  a  town  of  France.     See  La  Palcd. 
f  Paludi,  pi-loo'dee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Co- 
ixtiiza,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Rossano.     Pop.  1643. 
'    Paludi  Pontine,  the  Italian  for  Pontixe  Marshes. 

Palus  Labeatus,  an  ancient  name  of  Scutari  Lake. 

Palus  3Ia;otis,  Europe.    See  Azof,  Sea  of. 

""alus  Tatccus,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Tooz-Golee. 
alux'y,  a  post-village  of  Hood  co.,  Tex.,  50  miles 
.  of  Fort  AVorth.     It  has  a  flouring-mill. 

Paluxy  (or  Paloxy)  Creek,  Texas,  rises  in  Erath 
fo.,rnns  S.E.,  and  enters  the  Brazos  River  in  Hood  co. 
'•  Paluzza,  p3,-loot's4,  a  town  of  Italy,  33  miles  N.AV. 
f  Udine.     Pop.  2438. 

Palwal,  a  town  of  India.    See  Pulwul. 

Paly  ad,  p5,-le-3,d',  an  inland  town  of  India,  Baroda 

jiainions,  64  miles  AV.S.AV.  of  Cambay. 

Famakassan,  pi-mi-kis-sin',  a  town  of  the  Dutch 
last  Indies,  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  island  of  Madura.  It 
i  the  residence  of  a  native  prince. 

Pamalang,  pi^md-ling',  a  town  and  river  of  Java,  on 

le  N.  coast,  75  miles  AV.  of  Samarang.     Cape  Pamalang 

•  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  the  town. 

Pamanoekan,  or  Famanukan,  pi^ml-noo-kin',  a 

)wn  on  the  N.  coast  of  Java,  70  miles  E.  of  Batavia. 

Pambook  (or  Fambuk)  Kaleh.    See  Hierapolis. 

Pnmbu,  p3.m-boo',  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  of  Bahia, 

1  the  river  Sao  Francisco,  50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Santa  Maria. 

Pameer,  Pamere,  or  Famir,  pi-meer',  an  exten- 

ve  table-land  of  Central  Asia,  called  by  the  natives  the 

|oof  of  the  world."     A  part  of  the  plateau  is  said  to  be 

),000  feet  above  sea-level,  with  peaks  of  much  greater 

iight.    It  is  bounded  S.  by  the  Hindoo-Koosh  Mountains. 

ake  Sir-i-Kol,  which  gives  origin  to  the  Oxus  River,  is 

tuated  in  Pameer.     Here  is  found  the  Pameer  sheep,  or 

■ss.    The  plateau  forms  the  central  node  whence  radiate 

0  principal  mountain-ranges  of  Asia.     It  has  a  scanty 

ipulation,  and  an  almost  Arctic  climate,  and  is  mainly 

ider  Russian  authority. 

Pamel,  pi'm^l,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Brabant,  on  the 

ender,  12  miles  AV.  of  Brussels.    Pop.  of  commune,  2915. 
133 


Fame'lia,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
1055.  It  contains  Pamelia  Four  Corners  and  a  county 
almshouse.  The  former  village  of  Pamelia  is  now  part  of 
the  city  of  AVatertown. 

Famelia  Four  Corners,  a  post-village  in  Pamelia 
township,  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  about  55  miles  N.N.E.  of  Os- 
wego.    It  has  3  churches  near  it,  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Famiers,  pi*me-4',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ari6ge,  12 
miles  N.  of  Foix,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Aricge.  Pop. 
7837.  It  has  manufactures  of  farina,  paper,  wine,  serge, 
steel,  oil,  <fec.,  and  is  a  bishop's  see.  It  has  a  communal  col- 
lege and  cathedral,  and  was  formerly  the  capital  of  Foix. 

Pamir,  a  table-land  of  Central  Asia.    See  Pameeu. 

Famlico,  pam'l§-ko,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  North 
Carolina,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Pamlico  Sound,  and  on 
the  S.AV.  by  the  estuary  of  the  Neuse  River.  The  surface 
is  level,  and  partly  covered  with  forests  of  cypress,  pine, 
poplar,  Ac.  Area,  460  square  miles.  Capital,  Bayborough. 
Pop.  in  1880,  6323;  in  1890,  7146. 

Pamlico,  a  post- village  of  Pamlico  co.,  N.C.,  28  miles 
S.E.  of  Newborn.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Pamlico  River,  North  Carolina,  a  name  given  to  the 
lower  part  of  Tar  River,  especially  to  the  part  which  inter- 
sects Beaufort  co.     See  Tar  River. 

Famlico  (or  Famplico)  Sound  is  a  shallow  por- 
tion of  nalt  water  in  the  E.  part  of  North  Carolina,  sepa- 
rated from  the  Atlantic  Ocean  by  long,  narrow,  sandy 
islands.  It  is  about  75  miles  long,  measured  on  a  lino 
drawn  from  the  mouth  of  the  Neuse  River  northeastward. 
The  greatest  width  is  about  25  miles,  and  the  average  width 
nearly  20  miles.  The  N.E.  part  of  it  eouimunicates  with 
Albemarle  Sound  through  Croatan  Sound.  A'essels  can 
pass  from  the  open  sea  into  Pamlico  Sound  through  Ocra- 
coke  Inlet  and  llatteras  Inlet. 

Fam'pa,  a  station  in  Kern  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Southern 
Pacific  Railroad,  15  miles  S.E,  of  Bakersfield. 

Fampanga,  p3,m-pS.n'gi,  a  province  of  the  Philip- 
pines, in  the  island  of  Luzon,  N.W.  of  Manila.  Length, 
from  N.  to  S.,  about  60  miles;  breadth,  about  45  miles. 
Capital,  Bacolor.     Pop.  177,045. 

Pamparato,  pAm-pi-ri'to,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Pied- 
mont, 10  miles  S.  of  Mondovi.     Pop.  2679. 

Pampas,  pS.m'pis,  a  name  given  to  some  of  the  vast 
plains  of  South  America,  particularly  the  plains  stretching 
from  Terra  del  Fuego  N.  through  Patagonia  and  part  of  the 
Argentine  Republic,  over  27  degrees  of  latitude,  or  1900 
miles,  where  they  meet  El  Gran  Chaco,  and  from  the  E. 
slope  of  the  Andes  to  the  shores  of  the  Plata  and  Atlantic 
Area,  1,620,000  square  miles,  an  extent  so  great  that,  while 
their  N.  margin  is  bordered  by  palm-trees,  their  S.  extremity 
is  almost  continually  covered  with  ice  or  snow.  Immense 
portions  of  this  great  plain,  particularly  N.  of  the  Colorado, 
and  extending  for  1000  miles  from  E.  to  AV.,  are  nearly  as 
level  as  the  sea,  and  with  scarcely  a  stone  or  any  other  ir- 
regularity, except  a  solitary  tree  (the  ombti),  which  is  seen 
at  vast  distances,  rising  like  a  great  land-mark. 

Pampas  del  Sacramento,  pim'pls  dfil  si-kri- 
mSn'to,  vast  plains  in  the  N.E.  of  Peru,  covering  an  area 
of  about  60,000  square  miles.  They  are  traversed  from  B. 
to  N.  by  the  Ucayale,  and,  though  in  parts  almost  without 
trees,  are  in  others  covered  with  immense  and  magnificent 
forests.     In  general  they  are  occupied  by  Indians. 

Fampatar,  pim-pi-tan',  a  maritime  village  of  Vene- 
zuela, on  the  S.  side  of  the  island  of  Margarita,  fortified, 
and  having  a  pretty  good  harbor. 

Fampelonne,  p&Ji^p§h-lonn',  a  town  of  Franco,  in 
Tarn,  on  the  Viaur,  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Alby.     Pop.  1330. 

Fampeluna,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Pamplona. 

Pamper,  a  town  of  Cashmere.     See  Pampur. 

Fampilhoza,  pim-peel-yo'zl,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
Beira,  N.  of  Thomar.     Pop.  3161. 

Famplemousses,  p6M'pl?-mooss',  a  village  of  the 
Mauritius,  7  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Port  Louis.  It  is  noted 
for  its  rich  botanical  garden. 

Fam'plin  City,  a  post-village  of  Appomattox  co., 
Va.,  on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad,  at  Pam- 
plin's  Station,  35  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Lynchburg.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  tannery,  a  bank,  and  a  clay  pipe  factory. 

Pamplona,  pim-plo'ni,  or  Fampeluna,  pim-pi- 
loo'ni  (Fr.  Pamplune  or  Pampelune,  pftii^pliin' ;  anc.  Fom'- 
pelon  or  Pompeiop' olit),  a  fortified  town  of  Spain,  capital 
of  the  province  of  Navarre,  on  the  Agra,  an  affluent  of  the 
Aragon,  195  miles  N.N.E.  of  Madrid,  and  20  miles  from 
the  French  frontier.  Pop.  22,896.  It  has  fine  publio 
fountains,  supplied  by  a  noble  aqueduct,  an  ancient  cathe- 
dral, palaces  of  the  viceroy  and  of  the  bishop,  a  Latin  col- 
lege, and  several  other  schools.    The  manufactures  com- 


PAM 


2  IOC 


PAN 


priM  p»por,  leather,  and  coarM  Tfoollen*,  and  it  hM  an 
aotive  ooinmera*  with  Franc*  in  wool  unU  silk,  and  a  cele- 
brated annual  fair  in  June.  In  860  it  was  made  the  capi- 
tal of  Navarro.  The  Fronch  took  it  in  1808,  and  held  it 
till  18i:i,  when  it  surrendered  to  the  Duko  of  Wellington. 

Pamplona,  p&m-plo'n&,  a  town  of  the  United  States 
of  Colombia,  state  of  Santandor,  on  an  aflluunt  of  the  Zulia 
Siver,  2UU  miles  N.E.  of  Bogota.  Pop.  3200.  It  is  well 
built.  Principal  oiliflcos,  its  ohurohee  and  oonvents.  Near 
it  are  luinos  of  gold  and  silver. 

Pampruux,  pAsi'proo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Deuz- 
B4vree,  U  miles  N.N.E.  of  Molle.     Pop.  1252. 

Pampur,  piVm'nar,  or  Pamper,  p&m'p^r,  a  town  of 
Quhraere,  on  the  Jhyluni,  hero  crossed  uy  a  bridge,  5  miles 
W.  ofSorinagur.     Pop.  2092. 

Pnmrapo,  N.J.  SeeBAYOvxB  and  Saltbrsvillk. 

Pnmunk'cy  (or  Pamunk'y)  River,  Virginia,  is 
formed  by  the  North  Anna  luid  South  Anna  Rivers,  which 
unite  near  the  S.  extremity  of  Caroline  co.  It  runs  south- 
eastward, and  forms  the  boundary  between  Hanover  and 
New  Kent  cos.  on  the  right,  and  King  AVilliam  co.  on  the 
left.  It  unites  with  the  Mattapony  Uiver  at  West  Point 
to  form  the  York  River.     It  is  nearly  80  miles  long. 

Pa'na,  a  post-village  in  Pana  township,  Christian  oo., 
III.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Indianapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  and  on  the  Springfield 
Branch  of  the  Ohioifc  Mississippi  Railroad,  42  miles  S.ID.  of 
Springfield,  and  35  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Decatur.  It  contains 
7  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  banking-houses,  2  flour- 
ing-mills,  a  foundry,  2  machine-shops,  2  planing-mills,  and 
3  grain-elevators.  Here  are  some  car-shops  of  the  Ohio  A 
Mississippi  Railroad.    Pop.  ( 1890)  5077 ;  of  township,  6143. 

Pnnacarh,  a  town  of  India.     See  Piinagurh. 

Panalla,  a  town  of  India.    See  Punnailah. 

Panama,  p8,n^a-m&',  a  seaport  city  of  South  America, 
in  the  republic  of  Colombia,  capital  of  the  department  of 
Panama,  on  the  gulf  of  the  same  name,  S.  coast  of  the  Isth- 
mus of  Panama.  Lat.  8°  57'  13"  N.;  Ion.  79°  31'  58"  W. 
Its  more  important  part  stands  on  a  peninsular  tongue  of 
land,  across  which  its  streets  extend  from  sea  to  sea.  Pop., 
with  suburbs,  about  35,000.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a 
handsome  cathedral  and  5  other  churches,  all  Roman  Cath- 
olic, also  a  charity  hospital,  and  a  normal  and  several  pri- 
mary schools  sustiiined  by  government.  Various  convents, 
a  nunnery,  and  a  Jesuits'  college  which  formerly  existed 
have  been  disposed  of  for  secular  uses.  One  newspaper 
is  published  daily  in  Spanish  and  English.  An  official 
paper,  with  other  publications,  appears  periodically.  The 
rise  and  fall  of  the  tide  at  Panama  is  from  16  to  21  feet, 
owing  to  which  ships  lie  at  anchor  in  the  harbor  at  some 
distance  from  the  shore.  The  harbor  is,  however,  protected 
by  numerous  islets,  and  affords  secure  anchorage.  The 
country  around  is  fertile.  The  city  has  but  little  trade.  It 
is  now  a  station  for  the  mails  between  countries  on  the  At- 
lantic and  those  on  the  South  and  Central  American  coast 
on  the  Pacific,  and  is  the  Pacific  terminus  of  the  Panama 
Railroad,  which  connects  this  place  with  Aspinwall,  on  the 
Atlantic  side  of  the  Isthmus.     See  Isthmus  op  Panama. 

Panama,  a  department  of  the  republic  of  Colombia, 
comprising  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  with  many  islands. 
Area,  32,380  square  miles.    Capital,  Panama.    Pop.  285,000. 

Pan'ama,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co.,  Neo. 

Panama,  a  post-village  in  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Buffalo,  Corry  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  12J  miles  N.  of 
Corry,  Pa. 

Panama,  a  post-village  in  Harmony  township,  Chau- 
tauqua CO.,  N.Y.,  13  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Jamestown,  and  5 
miles  E.  of  Panama  Station.  It  has  3  churchcs,a  carriage- 
shop,  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  650. 

Pana  Maria,  pi'ni  m4-ree'i,  a  post-village  of  Karnes 
CO.,  Tex.,  40  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cuero,  and  6  miles  Vf.  of 
Helena.     It  has  a  church  and  a  convent. 

Panamburt-Cotta,  India.     See  Wynaad. 

Panamgoody,  pi-n4m-goo'dee,  a  town  of  India,  21 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Cape  Comorin.  Lat.  8°  21'  N.;  Ion.  77° 
63'  E. 

Pan'amint,  a  mining-camp  of  Inyo  co.,  Cal.,  30  miles 
£.  of  Owen's  Lake.  It  has  a  silver-mine  and  2  quartz-mills. 

Pananich,  a  village  of  Scotland.     See  Panktanich. 

Panaon,  pi-nSi-on',  one  of  the  Philippine  Islands,  in 
the  Surigao  Passage,  between  the  islands  of  Leyte  and 
Mindanao.     Lcngtli,  18  miles. 

Panapoor',  a  town  of  India,  Sarun  district.    P.  5871. 

Panaraga,  pi-n3,-r&'g2l,  a  town  in  the  S.  part  of  the 
bland  of  Java,  S.E.  of  Soerakarta. 

Panarano,  p&-n&-r&.'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
•  miles  N.W.  of  AveUino.     Pop.  1300. 


Panaria,  p&-n&-ree'&  (ano.  Hiceiia),  one  of  the  Lipari 
Islands,  in  the  Mediterranean,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Lipari.  Iti 
is  7  miles  in  oirouit,  fertile,  and  well  cultivated,  and  contalnil 
many  volcanic  products.    On  its  S.  side  is  a  good  port.       I 

Panaro,  ])a-n4'ro  (ano.  Sciilte'ua),  a  river  of  Italy  i 
rises  in  Monte  Cimone,  and  flows  N.  between  the  provincol 
of  Modena  and  that  of  Bologna.  It  becomes  navigable  nt 
Bonporto,  where  the  Canal  of  Modena  joins  it  to  the  Sec- 
ohia;  and  it  enters  the  Po  on  the  right,  12  miles  N.\T,  of 
Forrara.     Length,  75  miles. 

Panaroekan,  or  Panaroocan,  piL-n&-roo-k&n',  • 
town  of  Java,  85  miles  E.S.E.  of  Socrabaya, 

Panaar,  a  river  of  India.     See  l'i;NXAin. 

Pan'awa'wa,  a  post-office  of  Whitman  co.,  Wavli 

Panay,  or  Pany,  p4-nl',  one  of  the  Philippine  1>1 
in  the  Malay  Archipelago.     Lat.  10°  21'  N. ;  Ion.  1:' 
B.     Estimated  area,  4560  square  miles.     It  is  fcrtilo, 
unhealthy,  and  is  thinly  cultivated.     On  it  are  the  8pii:i: 
settlements  of  Iloilo  and  Antigua.  Sec  Piiimi-pixe  Isla.m^.s, 

Panban,  a  town  of  India.    See  Paumiik.v. 

Pancalieri,  p&n-k&-le-i'ree,  a  village  of  Italy,  i 
Piedmont,  18  miles  S.  of  Turin.     Pop.  2778. 

Panchaunagaon,  pun'chaw-ni-gl-On',  i.e.,  "th( 
fifty-five  villages,"  a  suburban  district  near  Calcutta. 

Panch  Char,  Bengal.    See  Punch  Char. 

Panch  Mahals,  India.    See  Punch  Mehalr. 

Panch- Shir,  pinsh-shcer'  (?),  a  valley  of  Cabool,  o: 
the  S.  side  of  the  Hindoo-Koosh,  about  70  luiics  long  fro 
S.W.  to  N.E.     It  is  watered  by  a  stream  of  the  same  name. 

Pan'coast,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Pa.,  on  th 
Low  Grade  division  of  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  1 
miles  E.  of  Brookville.     Here  are  2  coal-mines. 

Pan'coastburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  0., 
miles  N.  of  New  Holland  Station.  It  has  several  church 
near  it.     Pop.  120. 

Pancorvo,  pln-kon'vo,  or  Pancor'bo,  a  town  ofj 
Spain,  province  and  31  miles  N.E.  of  Burgos.    Pop.  1600.  | 

Pancsova,  pin'choVoh',  a  town  of  Hungary,  in  the 
Banat,  with  a  packet-station  on  the  Danube,  62  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Temesvar.  Pop.  13,408.  It  has  mathematical  and  Gor-, 
man  schools,  and  an  active  trade. 

Pandacan,  pin-dH-kHn',  a  village  of  the  Philippines, 
in  the  island  of  Luzon,  province  of  Tondo. 

Pandataria,  the  ancient  name  of  Vendotena. 

Pander'ma,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the  Sea  of  Mar- 
mora, 60  miles  S.W.  of  Constantinople,  and  near  the  Cyii.. 
cus  peninsula.     Pop.  5000. 

Pandharpur,  India.    See  Punderpoor. 

Pandino,  pin-dee'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  8 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Lodi.     Pop.  1973. 

Pan'do,  a  town  of  Uruguay,  24  miles  by  rail  N.B.  of 
Montevideo. 

Pandoo'na,  or  Pandhurna,  pan-door'n&,  a  town  ol 
India,  45  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chindwara.     Pop.  5218. 

Pando'ra,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Tenn.,  about  25| 
miles  S.E.  of  Bristol.  I 

Pandu'ah,  a  town  of  Bengal,  district  and  18  miles  byj 
rail  N.W.  of  Hoogly.  It  was  anciently  a  place  of  grealj 
importance.     Pop.  3690. 

Pan'eas,  or  Banias,bi'ne-a8  (anc.  Cmnre'n  Philii/- 
pi),  a  village  of  Palestine,  45  miles  W.S.W.  of  Dani:^ 
near  the  sources  of  the  Jordan.     It  comprises  abou' 
houses,  and  has  on  its  N.  side  a  well-built  bridge,  the  ruiir 
of  the  ancient  town,  a  cavern  (the  Panium  of  Josephus),  and 
traces  of  a  temple  erected  by  Herod  in  honor  of  Augustus, 

Pangansane,  or  Pangansene.    See  Moexa.    , 

Pangaran,  ping^gi-rin',  a  vilhige  of  Ceylon,  on.  Ae 
Mahaviliy-Gunga,  38  miles  S.E.  of  Kandy. 

Pangasinan,pin-gi-so-nin',  a  province  in  the  isl^knd 
of  Luzon,  N.W.  of  Manila.     Pop.  431,691. 

Pangong,  ping'gong',  a  salt  lake  in  Thibet,  100  miles 
E.  of  Leh,  14,000  feet  above  sea-level.  Length,  100  miles,- 
breadth,  from  3  to  4  miles. 

Pangootaran,  or  Pangoutaran,  plng-goo-ti-rln', 
an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  in  the  Sooloo  group 
Lat.  6°  15'  N. ;  Ion.  120°  40'  E.  Length,  10  miles  ;  breiuJth, 
4  miles.  It  is  of  coral  formation,  and  abounds  with  cocoa- 
palms  and  live-stock. 

Pango-Pango,  pang'go-pang'go,  a  seaport  of  the 
Samoan  Islands,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Tutuila. 
It  has  an  American  coaling-station,  and  a  commodious 
harbor,  and  communicates  by  steamer  with  Sydney  and  San 
Francisco. 

Panguitch,  pan'gwich,  a  post-village  of  Iron  co., 
Utah,  on  the  West  Fork  of  Sevier  River,  about  125  miles 
from  York.     It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  Ac. 

Pan'handle,  a  name  given  to  the  northern  part  of 


PAN 


2107 


PAO 


West  Viru-inia,  which  is  a  long,  narrow  tract  between  Ohio 
anJ  Pennsylvania  and  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Ohio 
River ;  also,  the  popular  name  of  the  northern  extension  of 
Texas. 

Pail  Handle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brooke  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
jr  near  the  Ohio  River,  about  25  miles  above  Wheeling. 

Paniany,  a  town  of  India.    See  Ponany. 

Pauicocolo,  pA-ne-ko'ko-lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  12  miles  N.W.  of  Naples.  Pop.  of  commune,  2777. 

Paiiiput,  pin*e-put',  written  also  Panniput  (Hin- 
doo, Pauipata,  pS,-ne-p4'tJ.),  a  town  of  British  India,  in 
the  Punjab,  55  miles  N.N.W.  of  Delhi.  Lat.  29°  22'  N.  ; 
Ion.  76°  51'  E.  It  is  4  miles  in  circuit,  enclosed  by  a  de- 
cayed wall,  and  has  a  Mohammedan  shrine.     Pop.  26,276. 

Panissifere,  pi'nis^se-aiR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire, 
22  miles  N.E.  of  Montbrison.     Pop.  2332. 

Paiijab,  or  Penjab,  a  territory  of  India.  See  Punjab. 

Panjang,  pin^jing',  or  Poolo  Panjaiig,  poo'lo 
pJn'jing',  an  island  oil"  the  W.  coast  of  the  Malay  Penin- 
sula. Lat.  9°  18'  N.;  Ion.  103°  36'  E.  It  is  20  miles  in 
length  by  4  miles  in  average  breadth,  and  similar  in  most 
reapects  to  the  island  of  Junk-Ceylon,  from  which  it  is  12 
miles  E.  Some  islets  S.  of  Madura,  N.  of  Papua,  and  E.  of 
Borneo  have  the  same  name. 

Panjasang,  a  Malay  island.     See  Moena. 

Panjim,  pdn^zheeNo',  or  New  Goa,  go'i,  a  town, 
japital  of  Portuguese  India,  5  miles  AV.  of  Goa,  mostly  in- 
iiiibited  by  native  Christians.  It  is  the  residence  of  the 
Portuguese  viceroy,  of  the  Archbishop  of  Goa,  and  of  many 
Df  the  principal  Europeans  in  the  settlement.  It  has  a 
cathedral,  and  palaces  for  the  chief  officials.     Pop.  24,000. 

Pankota,  pin^ko'toh*,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  and 
about  10  miles  from  Arad.     Pop.  3968. 

Pankour,  pin-koor',  a  small  island  in  the  Strait  of 
Malacca.     Lat.  4°  16'  N. ;  Ion.  100°  58'  E. 

Pan  mure',  a  post-village  in  Carleton  co.,  Ontario,  7 
miles  E.  of  Pakenham.     Pop.  100. 

Pannah,  a  state  of  India.     See  Punkah. 

Paniianich,  or  Fananich,  pan'na-niK\  a  village 
and  mineral  spa  of  Scotland,  co.  and  39  miles  W.  of  Aber- 
tdeen,  on  the  Dee.     Its  waters  resemble  the  Sellers  waters. 
P    Panniput,  a  town  of  British  India.    See  Paniput. 

Paiiuonia,  the  ancient  name  of  Hungary. 

Panoche,  pan'o-che,  a  post-office  of  Fresno  co.,  Gal. 

Pano'la,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Mississippi,  has 
•an  area  of  about  680  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
]  Tallahatchee  Biver.  I'he  surface  is  partly  undulating  and 
partly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Forests  of  the  cypress, 
'elm,  hickory,  magnolia,  oak,  and  other  trees  cover  nearly 
one-third  of  its  area.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  pork, 
and  sweet  potatoes  are  the  stnple  products.  This  county  is 
intersected  from  N.  to  S.  by  the  Memphis  division  of  the 
'Illinois  Central  Railroad,  which  connects  with  Sardis,  the 
capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,754;  in  1880,  28,352,-  in  1890, 
[26,977. 

Panola,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Texas,  borders  on 
iLouisiana.  Area,  about  800  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
fsected  by  the  Sabine  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests.  It  has  many 
ithousand  acres  of  woodland.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton, 
Jindian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is 
■traversed  by  the  Texas,  Sabine  Valley  &  Northwestern  Rail- 
Jpoad,  Capital,  Carthage.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,119:  in  1880, 
12,219;  in  1890,  14,.328. 

p  Panola,  a  post-village  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Qa.,  about  12 
niles  S.E.  of  Decatur.     Pop.  290. 

Panola  (Panola  Station  Post-Offioe),  a  post- village  in 
Panola  township,  AVoodford  co.,  111.,  on  the  Illinois  Central 
jilailroad,  3  miles  N.  of  El  Paso.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
«gon-8hop.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1260. 
)  f  anolii,  a  village  of  Panola  oo..  Miss.,  on  the  Talla- 
*>atchee  River,  and  on  the  Mississippi  &  Tennessee  Railroad, 
'ibout  60  miles  S.  of  Memphis,  Tenn.     Pop.  192. 

Panola,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarendon  co.,  S.C.,  17  miles 
rom  Sumter  Station. 

Panoinping,  a  town  of  Cambodia.    See  Pnompknh. 

Pnuopolis,  an  ancient  name  of  Akhmym. 

Pano'ra,  a  post-village  of  Guthrie  co.,  Iowa,  in  Caw 
ownship,  on  the  Middle  Coon  River,  about  44  miles  W.  by 
jf.of  Des  Moines,  and  24  miles  S.  of  Jefferson.  It  con- 
fi»in84  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  high  school, 
fnd  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  809. 

Panonnos,  p4-nor'mos,  a  maritime  town  on  the  N.E. 
il»6re  of  Tino,  in  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  with  the  best 
iMbor  in  that  island.  Another  port  of  this  name  is  on  the 
*»eek  island  of  Skiatho,  and  a  third  on  Myconus.  The 
'tttis  also  called  Port  Palermo. 


Panormus,  the  ancient  name  of  Palermo. 
Pantalaria,  an  island  of  Italy.    See  PANTELLAnrA. 
Pan^tanaw',  a  town  of  British  Burmah,  Baasoin  dis- 
trict, on  the  main  stream  of  the  Irrawaddy,  80  miles  below 
Henzada.     Pop.  5876. 

Pantanos,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Lake  of  Lesina. 

Pantar,  pinHar',  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
separated  on  the  E.  from  Ombay  by  the  Strait  of  Pantar, 
and  on  the  W.  from  Lomblem  by  the  Strait  of  AUoo.  Lat. 
8°  10'  S.;  Ion.  124°  E.  Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  30  miles; 
breadth,  15  miles. 

Pante'go,  a  post-hamlet  of  Beaufort  co.,  N.C.,  about 
50  miles  N.N.B.  of  Newbern.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of 
Pantego  township  in  1890,  2515. 

Pantellaria,  pin-tfil-li-ree'5,,  written  also  Panta- 
laria (anc.  Cosey'ra),  an  island  of  Italy,  in  the  Mediter- 
ranean, province  of  Girgenti,  60  miles  from  the  S.W,  const 
of  Sicily,  its  chief  town  being  in  lat.  36°  51'  15"  N.,  Ion. 
11°  54'  29"  E.  Area,  58  square  miles.  Pop.  7011.  It  is 
wholly  of  volcanic  formation,  presenting  vestiges  of  craters, 
with  lava,  pumice,  hot  springs,  &o.  It  produces  fine  fruit, 
especially  grapes,  but  its  principal  product  is  a  fine  breed 
of  asses.  At  its  N.W.  point,  at  the  head  of  a  cove,  is  the 
town  of  Oppidolo,  which  has  a  convenient  port.  The  island 
has  a  large  convict-depot. 

Pan'ther  Branch,  a  township  of  Wake  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  921. 

Panther  Creek,  Kentucky,  runs  westward  ftirough 
the  cos.  of  Ohio  and  Daviess,  and  enters  Green  River  about 
14  miles  S.W,  of  Owensborough. 

Panther  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Dallas  co.,  Iowa. 

Panther  Creek,  a  station  of  Daviess  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Owensborough  <fc  Nashville  Railroad,  5  miles  S,  of  Owens- 
borough. 

Panther  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Yadkin  co.,  N.C, 
on  the  Yadkin  River,  15  miles  W.  of  Winston.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  distillery. 

Panther  Gap,  a  station  of  the  Chesapeake  A  Ohio 
Railroad,  35  miles  W.S.W.  of  Staunton,  Va. 

Panther  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Forest  co.,  Pa.,  on 
Tionesta  Creek,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Tionesta.  Here  is  a 
lumber-mill. 

Panther's  Creek,  Ohio,  falls  into  the  West  Branch 
of  Miami  River  in  Miami  co. 

Panther  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Hamblen  co., 
Tenn.,  is  on  or  near  the  Holston  River,  3i  miles  from  Tal- 
bot's Station  of  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia 
Railroad.     It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy. 

Pan'thersville,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Qa.,  8 
miles  S.E.  of  Atlanta. 

Panther  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Webster  co.,  Mo., 
18  miles  E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Panticapa;nm,  the  ancient  name  of  Kertch. 

Panticosa,  pin-te-ko's&,  medicinal  baths  of  Spain, 
province  and  40  miles  N.  of  Huesca,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Jaca, 
near  the  village  of  Panticosa.  It  is  one  of  the  highest 
inhabited  spots  in  the  Pyrenees,  being  about  8500  feet 
above  the  sea, 

Pantin,  p6NoHiN»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine,  3i 
miles  N.E.  of  Paris.  Pop.  13,646.  It  has  manufactures 
of  chemicals,  locks,  lucifer  matches,  <tc. 

Pan'ton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pahton  township,  Addison 
CO.,  Vt.,  6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Vergennes.  It  has  2  churches. 
The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Otter  Creek,  and  W. 
by  Lake  Cliamplain.     Pop.  of  the  township,  390. 

Pant  Pradinidhi.     See  Punt  Prithee  Nidhee. 

Pant  Sucheo,  India.    See  Punt  Sucheo. 

Pantura,  pin-too'rS,,  a  village  on  the  W.  coast  of  Cey- 
lon, 12  miles  S.  of  Colombo.     Pop.  1109. 

Panuco,  p3,-noo'ko,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  Vera  Crui, 
on  the  Montezuma  or  Panuoo  River,  50  miles  from  its 
mouth  at  Tampico. 

Panulcillo,  pi-nool-see'yo,  a  town  of  Chili,  province 
of  Coquimbo.     Pop.  2647. 

Panwell,  pin^vfill',  or  Paunwelly,  pS,wn-wdl'lce,  a 
town  of  British  India,  Tanna  district,  21  miles  E.  of 
Bombay,  on  a  river  which  flows  into  its  harbor.  Lat.  18° 
59'  N. ;  Ion.  73°  15'  E.     Pop.  10,836. 

Pany,  one  of  the  Philippines.    See  Panat. 

Pao,  pi'o,  a  river  of  Venezuela,  flows  120  miles  S.S.K., 
and  joins  the  Cojedes. 

pao  d'Alho,  powNo  dil'yo,  a  town  of  Brazil,  40  mile« 
W.S.W.  of  Pernambuco,  on  the  Caparibe.     Pop.  1400. 

Psio  d'Assucar,  piiwNa  d&s-soo'kar  ("sugar-loaf), 
Brazil,  an  enormous  rock  of  pure  granite,  devoid  of  vege- 
tation, rising  abruptly  from  the  sea  to  the  height  of  600 


PAO 


2108 


PAP 


foet,  on  tho  W.  tido  of  the  entrance  into  the  Bay  of  Bio 
Janeiro.     On  this  rock  stands  the  fort  of  Silo  JoSo. 

Pao-Khing,  pi^o-kinR'  or  pSw'-king',  a  town  of 
China,  in  lioo-N.in.     Lot.  27°  N.;  Ion.  Ill"  12'  K. 

I'noln,  |)4'o-lA,  or  Paula,  pOw'lil  (ano.  I'uij/cot  or 
Pittt/eu*),  a  city  of  Italy,  province  of  Cosonza,  on  a  height, 
near  the  aeo,  13  milot  W.N.W.  of  Cosenxa.  Pop.  8403.  It 
it  defended  seaward  by  a  fortress  and  2  towers,  and  has 
toveml  churches  and  convents,  2  hospitals,  and  manufac- 
tures of  woollen  cloths  and  silks  and  earthenware. 

Pao'la,  a  city,  and  tho  capital  of  Miami  oo.,  Kansas,  in 
Paola  township,  on  I'eoria  or  Uull  Creek,  43  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Kansas  City,  about  34  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lawrence,  and  22 
utiles  E.  by  S.  of  Ottawa.  It  is  surrounded  by  fertile  prai- 
ries. It  contains  a  court-house,  7  churches,  2  newspaper 
oflBces,  a  high  school  with  a  building  which  cost  $&U,UUU,  a 
national  bank,  2  flour-mills,  an  elevator,  and  2  carriage- 
shops.  It  is  on  tho  Missouri  Ilivor,  Fort  Scott  &  Uulf 
Railroad,  and  is  the  W.  terminus  of  the  Osage  Branch  of 
the  Missouri,  Kansas  A  Texas  Kailroad.  Pop.  in  1S9U, 
2943;  of  the  township,  exclusive  of  the  city,  762. 

Pao'li,  a  post-hamlct  of  Madison  co.,  Ga.,  about  23 
miles  N.E.  of  Athens.     It  has  a  church. 

Paoli,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Orange  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Paoli  township,  40  miles  N.W.  of  New  Albany,  and  12 
miles  S.  of  Mitchell.  It  contains  a  court-hou^e,  2  churches, 
a  bank,  2  ncwsipaper  offices,  and  the  Southern  Indiana 
Normal  School,  and  has  manufactures  of  flour,  furniture, 
Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  707;  of  the  township,  2719. 

Paoli,  a  post-ofiice  and  station  in  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  19  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Philadel- 
phia. It  has  a  hotel.  Near  this  place  General  Wayne  was 
surprised  and  dlfeated  by  tho  British  in  the  night  of  Sep- 
tember 21,  1777. 

Paoli,  a  post-village  in  Montrose  township,  Dane  co.. 
Wis.,  on  Sugar  River,  about  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Madison. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a 
flour-mill. 

Paoli  Road,  a  station  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Chester  Valley  Railroad,  12  miles  E.  of  Downingtown. 

PaO'Niiig,  pi^o-ning',  a  town  of  China,  province  of 
Sc-Chuen.     Lat.  31°  32'  N.;  Ion.  106°  E. 

Paoo,  Paou,  pi'oo,  Paw,  San'dalwood,  or 
Tacanova,  t4-ki-no'v4,  one  of  the  principal  islands  of 
the  Feojce  Archipelago,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Lat.  17°  S. ; 
Ion.  179°  E.  It  is  stated  to  be  130  miles  in  circumference, 
and  populous.     Sandalwood  is  one  of  its  chief  products. 

Pao-Ting,  pi'o-ting',  a  town  of  China,  province  of 
Pe-Chee-Lce,  95  miles  S.W.  of  Peking.  It  is  second  in 
its  province  after  the  capital,  and  is  tho  seat  of  the  provin- 
cial viceroy. 

Papa,  pi'poh\  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  26  miles 
N.AV.  of  Veszprim,  on  an  affiuont  of  the  Marczal.  Pop, 
14,233.  It  has  a  castle  and  grounds  belonging  to  Prince 
Esterhazy,  churches,  synagogues,  convents  and  hospitals,  a 
gymnasium,  and  schools  for  the  poor. 

Papa  Adassi,  or  Pnpa  Donisia.  See  Prinkipos. 

Papaete,  a  town  of  Tahiti.    See  Papkiti. 

Papagaio,  p4-pi-ghi'o,  or  Papagayos,  pi-pi- 
ghi'oce,  a  group  of  islets  of  Brazil,  off'  the  S.E.  coast  of 
Rio  de  Janeiro,  between  Capes  Frio  and  Busies. 

Papagayo,  pi-p3.-ghi'o,  a  gulf  and  volcano  of  Nica- 
ragua, S.W.  of  the  Lake  of  Nicaragua,  tho  gulf  an  inlet 
of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  the  volcano  on  its  N.E.  shore. 
Papagayo  is  also  the  name  of  the  southernmost  point  of 
Lanzarote,  Canary  Islands. 

Papaka'ting,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  4 
miles  S.W.  of  Deckertown.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Papandayang,  pi-pin-di-ying',  a  volcano  of  Java, 
87  miles  S.E.  of  Batavia.  A  violent  and  destructive  erup- 
tion occurred  in  it  August  11  and  12,  1772. 

Papantia,  p&-p&nt'l&,  a  village  of  Mexico,  state  of 
Vera  Cruz,  125  miles  S.S.E.  of  Tampico.  It  has  a  trade  in 
maize,  tolmcco,  red  pepper,  and  vanilla. 

Papari,  p4-pS,-ree%  a  village  of  Brazil,  state  of  Rio 
Grande  do  Norte,  on  a  lake  of  the  same  name,  4  miles  S. 
of  Natiil. 

Papas,  Greece.    See  Cape  Kalogria. 

Papa8qniero,p&-pis-kc-i'ro,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state 
and  60  miles  W.N.W.  of  Durango,  on  the  Culican.  Pop. 
about  3800. 

Pa'pa-Stonr,  one  of  the  Shetland  Islands,  in  Scot- 
land, on  the  S.  side  of  the  entrance  of  St.  Magnus  Bay. 
Length,  2i  miles.  Pop.  351,  mostly  fishermen.  Another 
small  island  in  Shetland  bears  the  name  of  Papa. 

Pa'pa-Stron'sa,  an  island  of  the  Orkney  group,  in 
Scotland,  N.E.  of  Stronsa,  about  3  mile«  in  circumference. 


Papa-Wcst'ray,  an  island  of  the  Orkney  gnvp, 
Scotland,  IJ  miles  N.E.  of  Westray.  Length,  si  mU( 
Pop.  370. 

Pap6iti,  p&pi-ee'toc,  written  also  Papncte,  a  to.., 

of  the  Society  Islands,  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Tahiti,  of  whlo! 
it  is  the  capital.  It  haa  a  fine  harbor,  a  palace  for  tli 
queen,  a  oatnedral,  a  oourt-house,  Ac.,  with  other  publi 
buildings,  erected  by  the  French.  It  is  the  great  emporiuui 
of  the  trade  of  Southeastern  Polynesia. 

Papeuburg,  i)4'p?n-b(5oiio\  a  town  of  Prussia,  ii 
Hanover,  21  miles  S.S.E.  of  Emden,  and  united  to  the  Em 
by  several  canals.  Pop.  6319.  It  has  ship-building  dookj 
and  manufactures  of  tobacco,  chiccory,  and  linen  fabrics,  i 

Papendrecht,  p&'p9n-drdKt\  a  village  of  the  Nether! 
lands,  in  South  Holland,  on  the  Waal,  1  mile  N.E.  of  Dorti 
Pop.  2328.  I 

Pa'per  Mill,  a  post-oflice  of  Salt  Lake  co.,  Utah. 

Paper  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.         ! 

Pa'perville,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn.,  ; 
miles  from  Bristol.     It  has  2  churches.  i 

Papevert  (Fr.  pron.  pUpVair'),  a  village  of  St.  Jamei 
parish.  La.,  3  miles  from  Winchester.     It  has  3  churches. 

Paphos,  an  ancient  city  of  Cyprus.     See  Baffa. 

Papia,  the  ancient  name  of  Pavia,  in  Italy. 

Papil'lion,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Sarpy  co.,  Neb. 
on  the  Papillion  River,  and  on  the  Union  Pacirio  Railroad 
It  is  15  miles  by  rail,  or  10  miles  in  a  direct  line,  S.W.  of 
Omaha.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  graded  school 
4  churches,  a  flour-iuill,  and  manufactories  of  bricks 
cheese,  farming-implements,  <fee.     Pop.  600. 

Papillion  (or  Uig  Papillion)  River,  Nebraska 
rises  in  Washington  co.,  runs  nearly  southeastward  throngl 
Douglas  and  Sarpy  cos.,  and  enters  the  Missouri  River  .' 
miles  above  tho  town  of  Plattsmouth.  It  is  nearly  7t 
miles  long.  The  Little  Papillion  rises  in  Douglas  co.,  run: 
southeastward,  and  enters  the  Papillion  in  Sarpy  co. 

Papineau,  pap'e-no,  a  post-village  in  Papineau  town- 
ship, Iroquois  co.,  HI.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Eastern  Illinoiij 
Railroad,  72i  miles  S.  of  Chicago,  and  13  miles  N.  of  Wat-, 
seka.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1064.        ! 

Papineauville,  pi'po'noSeel',  a  post-village  in  Oti 
tawa  CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  Ottawa,  41  miles  E.  of  Ot-i 
tawa.  It  contains  4  stores,  3  hotels,  a  tannery,  and  e 
flouring-mill.     Pop.  500.  i 

Pa'pinsville,  a  post-village  of  Bates  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Osage  River,  about  32  miles  E.N.E.  of  Fort  Scott,  Kansasj 
It  ha.8  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Papovka,  or  Papowka,  p.\-pov'ki,  a  town  of  Ru»-| 
sia,  government  and  47  miles  N.W.  of  Kharkov.  i 

Papozza,  pi-pot'sA,  or  Papozze,  ]ii-pot'si,  a  vil.| 
lage  of  Italy,  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Adria.     Pop.  2404.  I 

Pappenheim,  pAp'p^n-hime^  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on 
the  Altmuhl,  37  miles  S.W.  of  Nuremberg.     Pop.  1718.    J 

Papra,  pi'pri,  a  town  of  Siam,  8  miles  W.  by  N.  of 
Ponga.     Lat.  8°  15'  N. ;  Ion.  98°  16'  E.  J 

Papradno,  p5Vpr5d'no\  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.ofl 
Trentschin,  about  24  miles  from  Szolua.     Pop.  2649  | 

Paprovnik,  the  Turkish  name  of  Raousa. 

Paps  of  Ju'ra,  three  conical  heights  near  tho  S.  ex- 
tremity of  the  island  of  Jura,  in  the  Hebrides.  Benanoib,, 
the  most  lofty,  rises  to  2420  feet  above  the  setv.  i 

Paps  of  Matane,mA-tdn',  two  mountains  of  Quebec,! 
CO.  of  Rimouski,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  estuary  of  tho  St. 
Lawrence.     Lat.  48°  43'  N. ;  Ion.  67°  30'  W. 

Papua,  p&-poo'i  or  p4'j)oo-i,  Papu'aland,  or  New 
Guinea  (Fr.  /^opo«a«ie,  pi^poo^i'zee',  or  Nouvelle-GuiiUe, 
nooVSll'-ghee^ni'),  an  extensive  island  of  the  Eastern  Arch- 
ipelago, beyond  Coram  and  Gilolo,  and  comprised  in  the 
great  division  of  Australasia,  between  tho  equator  and  11° 
S.  and  Ion.  131°  and  151°  E.,  separated  southward  bj 
Torres  Strait  from  the  N.  point  of  Australia,  and  having  W. 
the  Arafoora  Sea.  It  disputes  with  Borneo  the  claim  to  the 
second  place  among  the  great  islands  of  the  world,  its  area 
being  estimated  at  from  200,000  to  300,000  square  miles. 
Length,  from  E.  to  W.,  1500  miles;  breadth,  from  30to40C 
miles.  Its  interior  is  very  little  known,  and  portions  only 
of  the  coast  have  been  explored  by  Europeans.  It  has  a 
remarkably  irregular  shape,  its  W.  end  especially  being  in 
dented  by  large  and  deep  bays  and  some  large  rivers  form- 
ing estuaries.  A  few  of  these  rivers,  such  as  the  Fly,  Baxter, 
and  others,  have  been  ascended  for  some  distance  from  theii 
mouths,  the  Fly  River,  believed  to  be  the  largest  stream  oe 
the  island,  having  been  ascended  by  D'Albertis,  with  n 
small  steamboat,  for  500  miles,  or  nearly  to  its  source.  'Ihe 
country  inland  has  been  observed  to  rise  into  mountain- 
chains  of  considerable  height,  and  apparently  to  the  snow- 
line, and  most  part  of  the  surface  yet  seen  appears  to  b« 


'i»A> 


2109 


PAR 


corerod  with  timber  of  large  size.  The  Owen-Stanley 
Rano'e,  which  is  visible  from  the  coast,  is  13,205  feet  high  ; 
and  farther  N.  is  a  mountain-range  believed  to  be  about 
17,000  or  18,000  feet  high.  Many  of  the  finest  productions 
of  the  archipelago,  comprising  birds  of  paradise,  pearls, 
gold,  fine  woods,  resins,  bamboos,  Ac,  are  brought  from 
this  region  by  Bughis  and  other  traders  to  the  Aroo  Islands, 
Singapore,  and  the  Dutch  settlements  in  the  East.  At  Port 
Moresby — or  Annapata,  as  the  natives  call  it — the  climate  is 

Suable.  The  average  temperature  during  the  day  is  about 
°,  and  during  the  night  74°  Pahr.  The  rainy  season 
lasts  from  November  to  May.  Near  the  coast  the  atmos- 
phere is  excessively  humid.  Some  new  species  of  marsupial 
animals  have  been  discovered,  and  it  is  rich  in  birds  of 
various  kinds.  The  inhabitants  are  partly  Malays,  but 
chiefly  of  a  black  and  woolly-haired  race  which  has  been 
termed  the  "Papuan  negro."  The  number  of  tribes  is 
very  great.  Numerous  villages  have  been  remarked  along 
ond  near  the  coast,  with  large  houses  capable  of  containing 
several  hundred  people ;  and  at  Ootenata,  on  the  S.W.  side 
of  the  island,  the  Dutch  established  a  fort,  and  a  space  118 
miles  in  extent  was  taken  possession  of  in  the  name  of  the 
King  of  the  Netherlands.     Many  of  the  coast  villages  are 

built  on  piles. Adj.  Papuan,  pi-poo'anj  inhab.  Papua, 

pi-poo'd,  and  Papuan,  p3,-poo'an. 

Papudo  (pi-poo'do)  Isay,  an  inlet  of  tho  Pacific 
Ocean,  in  Chili,  46  miles  N.E.  of  Valparaiso. 

Faqueta,  pi-ki'ti,  an  island  of  Brazil,  in  the  Bay  of 
Rio  Janeiro,  about  4  miles  long  and  §  of  a  mile  broad. 

Paquette,  pS,'k5t',  or  Saint  Tenant,  sa,Na  v?-n6No', 
a  post-village  in  Compton  co.,  Quebec,  22  miles  E.  of  Coati- 
cook.    Pop.  200. 

Para,  pl-rS,',  the  name  originally  applied  to  the  river 
Amazon,  South  America,  but  now  employed  to  designate  its 
S.  arm  or  estuary,  which  receives  tho  Tocantins  River.  It 
has  a  direct  length  of  about  200  miles,  with  a  breadth  vary- 
ing from  12  to  40  miles.  At  its  entrance,  on  its  E.  side,  is 
tho  city  of  Par^.  It  is  in  this  mouth  of  the  Amazon  that 
the  bore  is  chiefly  manifested,  the  tide  rising  to  high  water 
in  a  few  minutes  before  the  new  and  full  moons,  by  a  vast 
wave,  15  feet  in  height,  followed  sometimes  by  three  others, 
which  enter  the  estuary  with  irresistible  violence. 

Para,  or  GrSo  Para,  gr6wN»  pi-ri',  a  state  of  Brazil, 
in  tho  N.E.,  bounded  N.  by  Guiana  and  N.E.  by  the  At- 
lantic Ocean.  Area,  443,653  squai-e  miles.  Pop.  407,350,  of 
whom  10,000  are  supposed  to  be  Indians.  The  greater  part 
of  this  region  is  covered  with  dense  primeval  forests.  Its 
valuable  products  are  in  immense  variety ;  the  chief  articles 
of  commerce  are  rice,  manioc,  millet,  cotton,  sugar,  caout- 
chouc, cacao,  sarsaparilla,  cloves,  balsams,  gums,  medicinal 
plants,  and  Brazil  nuts.  Paril  is  divided  into  comarcas,  sub- 
oirided  into  municipal  districts,  named  after  the  principal 
towns  which  they  contain.  The  provincial  assembly  holds 
its  sittings  in  the  city  of  Pard.  In  the  interior  are  some 
scattered  villages,  mostly  on  tributaries  of  the  Amazon. 

Para,  pS,-rS,',  or  Belem,  bi-15N»',  a  seaport  city  of 
Brazil,  capital  of  the  above  state,  70  miles  from  the  At- 
lantic. Lat.  of  Fort  Sao  Pedro,  1°  28'  S.;  Ion.  48°  30'  5"  W. 
Pop.  60,000,  mostly  of  European  descent.  It  stands  on 
'elevated  ground  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  Bay  of  Guajara,  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  Pard,  or  Tocantins.  Chief  edifices, 
the  governor's  palace,  cathedral,  several  other  churches, 
convents,  barracks,  arsenal,  episcopal  palace  and  seminary, 
formerly  a  Jesuits'  college,  a  prison,  and  a  theatre.  The 
cacao,  caoutchouc,  isinglass,  rice,  and  drugs  exported  from 
Brazil  are  chiefly  from  Pard.  It  has  also  a  trade  in  cot- 
ton, vanilla,  annatto,  dye-woods,  honey,  wax,  and  a  great 
variety  of  other  vegetable  and  animal  products.  The  trade 
is  mostly  with  Liverpool,  London,  Barbadoes,  Cayenne,  and 
•ho  North  American  and  Brazilian  ports. 

Parabiago,  p5.-ri-be-S,'go,  a  market-town  of  Italy, 
in  Lombardy,  13  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Milan.     Pop.  3807. 

Parabuti,  pohVoh^boo'tee,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co, 
of  Bacs,  29  miles  W.  of  Peterwardein.     Pop.  4280. 

Paracjatu,  pi-ri-si-too'  (written  also  Parazatu),  a 
river  and  city  of  Brazil,  state  of  Minas-Geraes.  The  river 
joins  the  Sao  Francisco  near  lat.  16°  20'  S.,  after  an  E. 
course  of  220  miles.  On  it,  near  its  head,  is  the  city  of 
Parazatu,  having  a  Latin  school,  and  mines  of  gold  and 
iianionds  in  its  vicinity.  It  exports  sugar  and  cofiFee. 
^  Paracels,  pS,-ri-slls',  a  group  of  islets  and  reefs  of  the 
"hina  Sea,  mostly  between  lat.  16°  and  17°  N.  and  Ion. 
112°  and  113°  30'  E.,  150  miles  E.  of  Cochin  China. 

Paraclet,  pi^ri'kli',  a  hamlet  of  France,  in  Aube,  2i 
niles  E.S.E.  of  Nogent-sur-Seine.  Here  are  the  ruins  of  a 
;onvent  founded  by  Abelard  in  the  twelfth  century,  and  of 
fhich  Ilfiloise  was  abbess  for  32  years.    The  remains  of 


Abelard  were  deposited  in  it  in  1142.  The  tomb  of  botb, 
a  fine  specimen  of  Gothic  architecture,  has  been  removed 
to  tho  cemetery  of  Pfire-la-Chaise,  Paris. 

Par^aclif'ta,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sevier  co..  Ark.,  about 
150  miles  S.W.  of  Little  Rock.     It  has  a  church.    Pop.  45. 

Paradas,  pi-ri'Dis,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  25 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Seville.     Pop.  5456. 

Par'adise,  a  post-ofBce  of  Butte  co.,  Cal. 

Paradise,  a  post-hamlet  in  Paradise  township.  Coles 
CO.,  111.,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mattoon.  The  township  is  in- 
tersected by  tho  Chicago  Branch  of  the  Illinois  Central 
Railroad.     It  contains  4  churches  and  a  pop.  of  1220. 

Paradise,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  162. 

Paradise,  a  post-township  of  Russell  co.,  Kansas.  It 
has  a  salt-spring.     Pop.  71. 

Paradise,  a  post-village  of  Muhlenburg  co.,  Ky.,  on 
Green  River,  about  42  miles  N.AV.  of  Bowling  Green.  It 
has  3  churches,  several  tobacco-factories,  and  coal-mines. 

Paradise,  a  post-township  of  Grand  Traverse  co., 
Mich.     Pop.  363.     Paradise  Post-Oflice  is  at  Kingsley. 

Paradise,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  Mo.,  about  26 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Kansas  City.     It  has  2  churches. 

Paradise,  a  post-hamlet  in  Deer  Park  township,  Orango 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Monticello  &  Port  Jervis  Railroad,  12  miles 
N.  of  Port  Jervis.  It  has  a  brick-kiln  and  a  quarry  of 
bluestone. 

Paradise,  a  post-village  in  Paradise  township,  Lan- 
caster CO.,  Pa.,  on  tho  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  60  miles  W. 
of  Philadelphia.  It  has  3  churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  coach- 
factory.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2193. 

Paradise,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  622. 

Paradise,  a  township  of  York  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1300. 

Paradise,  a  post-ofiico  of  Wise  co.,  Tex. 

Paradise,  a  post-village  of  Cache  co.,  Utah,  in  the  fer- 
tile Cache  Valley,  about  70  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Salt  Lake 
City.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Paradise,  a  post-village  in  Annapolis  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
19  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Annapolis.  It  contains  5  saw- 
mills, 2  grist-mills,  2  tanneries,  a  cheese-factory,  and  4 
stores.  There  are  granite-quarries  in  the  vicinity.    Pop.  350. 

Paradise  Furnace,  post-oflSce,  Huntingdon  co..  Pa. 

Paradise  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ashland  co.,  0.,  4i 
miles  W.  of  Ashland.     It  has  a  church  and  a  cigar-factory. 

Paradise  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Humboldt  co., 
Nevada,  42  miles  N.  of  Winnemucca.  It  has  a  flour-mill. 
Gold  is  found  near  this  place. 

Paradise  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  about  38 
miles  S.E.  of  Scranton. 

Par'adox  Lake,  New  York,  is  in  the  S.  part  of  Essex 
CO.,  among  the  Adirondack  Mountains.  It  is  about  4  miles 
long,  and  3  miles  N.E.  of  Lake  Schroon. 

Paradox  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Essex  co,,  N.Y.,  on 
a  small  lake,  about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Port  Henry, 

Paragau,  pS,-r5.-g5w',  a  river  of  Bolivia,  proceeding 
N.,  forms  part  of  the  boundary  between  that  country  and 
Brazil,  and  joins  the  Guapore  in  lat.  13°  39'  S. 

Par'agon,  a  post- village  in  Ray  township,  Morgan  co,, 
Ind.,  near  White  River,  and  on  the  Indianapolis  &  Vin- 
cenncs  Railroad,  37  miles  S.W.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  graded  school. 

Parago'nah,  a  post-village  of  Iron  co.,  Utah.,  about 
6  miles  N.E.  of  Parowan.     It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  &e. 

Paragua,  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Palawan. 

Paragua,  pi-ri'gwi,  a  river  of  Venezuela,  tributary  to 
the  Carony,  has  a  N.  course  of  220  miles.  On  it  is  tho  town 
of  Barceloneta. 

Paragua^u,  or  Faraguazu,  pl-ri-gwl-soo',  a  river 
of  Brazil,  state  of  Bahia,  after  a  tortuous  E.  course  of 
260  miles,  enters  All-Saints'  Bay  35  miles  W.N.W.  of  SSo 
Salvador. 

Paraguana,  p8,-r5,-gwi'ni,  a  peninsula  of  Venezuela, 
state  of  Falcon,  22  miles  N.W.  of  Coro,  extending  into  the 
Caribbean  Sea,  in  lat.  12°  N.,  Ion,  70°  W.  Length  and 
breadth,  about  40  miles  each. 

Paraguary,  or  Paragnari,  pi-ril-gwi'ree,  a  town  of 
Paraguay,  45  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Assumption.    Pop.  3000. 

Paraguay,  pi-ri-gwA'  or  pi-ri-gwi',  a  large  river  of 
South  America,  and  one  of  the  principal  streams  uniting  to 
form  the  La  Plata,  rises  by  numerous  heads  in  the  Bra- 
zilian province  of  Matto-Grosso,  near  the  sources  of  the 
Guapore,  Tapajos,  and  Xingfi,  tributaries  of  tho  Amazon, 
in  lat.  13°  S.,  Ion.  55°  to  58°  W.  It  thence  flows  S., 
mostly  through  the  territories  of  Paraguay  and  the  Argen- 
tine Republic,  between  which  countries  it  forms  a  part  of 
the  boundary ;  and  near  Corrientes,  lat.  27°  20'  S.,  it  unites 
with  the  Paranfi.    In  the  lower  part  of  its  course  it  re- 


m^ 


2110 


PAR 


Miv«i  the  natoK  of  the  Pilaoniayo.  Its  other  afDuents 
Trom  the  W,  are  the  Sipotuba,  Jiiurfi,  and  Voriufjo,  and 
from  the  E.  the  Porrudos  and  Tobiqviury.  Length,  1000 
miles;  throughout  nearly  all  which,  to  the  influx  of  the 
Jaurti,  it  is  navigable.  Between  lat.  17°  and  ]9°  S.  it 
,iraver<es  a  wide  region  of  swamps,  which  during  the  rains 
form  a  great  inland  sea. 

Paraguay^  n  name  at  one  time  applied  to  the  whole  of 
the  immense  region  of  South  America  between  lat.  16°  S. 
and  the  Straits  of  Magellan,  and  between  Chili  and  Peru 
on  the  W.  and  Brazil  on  the  E.,  but  now  ouu&ned  to  I  lie 
republio  of  Paraguay,  included  between  lat.  22°  and  27° 
80'  S.  and  Ion.  54°  and  62°  W.  The  Pilcomayo  and  Para- 
guay Rivers  separate  it  on  the  W.  from  the  Argentine  J{e- 
public,  and  the  Parand  forms  part  of  the  boundary  on  the 
£.  between  Paraguay  «nd  Bnisil,  and  on  the  S.  between 
Paraguay  and  the  Argentine  Republic.  On  the  N.  it  has 
Bolivia  and  the  Brazilian  state  of  Mutto-Grosso.  The  space 
thus  enclosed  forms  a  compact  territory  in  the  shape  of  un 
irregular  parnJlolojjram.     Area,  98,000  square  miU-a. 

A  mountain-ronge  of  considerable  elevation,  between 
the  Parand  and  Paraguay,  stretches  nearly  through  the  E. 
portion  of  the  country  from  N.to  S.,  from  which  the  surface 
first  presents  a  succession  of  finely -diversiGed  lower  heights 
and  then  stretches  out  into  rich  alluvial  plaius.  The  dis- 
tance from  the  watershed  to  either  river  scarcely  anywhere 
exceeds  100  miles.  The  S.  part  of  the  country  is  low  and 
•wampy,  and  is  fit  only  for  rice-culture.  The  tributaries 
by  which  the  drainage  is  eflTeoted,  though  exceedingly 
numerous,  have  comparatively  short  courses.  By  far  tiie 
largest  is  the  Tebiquary.  The  Paraguiiy  lliver,  which  forms 
the  western  boundary  of  the  republic  for  about  150  miles 
below  the  mouth  of  the  Pilcomayo,  rises  in  Brazil  and 
traverses  the  rich  state  of  Matto-Grosso.  From  the  in- 
flux of  the  Jaurtj,  in  lat.  16°,  to  the  mouth  of  the  La 
Plata,  a  distance  of  19  degrees  of  latitude,  there  is  not  a 
rapid  to  impede  the  navigation.  The  Parand  rises  at  two 
seasons  in  the  year,  viz.,  during  the  tropical  rains,  and  in 
the  summer  from  the  melting  o/"  the  snows  on  the  Andes : 
the  heaviest  floods  take  place  during  the  summer  months, 
commencing  with  December.  Its  average  annual  rise  at 
this  season  is  about  6  feet.  The  Paraguay,  owing  to  its 
lofty  heights  and  to  its  narrower  channel,  rises  to  a  much 
greater  extent. 

The  climate,  though  for  the  most  part  tropical,  has  its 
excessive  heat  greatly  modified  by  the  inequalities  of  the 
surface.  In  July  and  August  frosts  oeofisionally  occur. 
The  whole  country  is  remarkable  for  its  salubrity.  The 
soil  is  of  great  fertility,  and  the  vegetation  almost  un- 
rivalled in  its  luxuriance.  In  the  forests  are  many  kinds 
of  trees  furnishing  timber,  dye-woods,  gums,  drugs,  per- 
fumes, oils,  fruits,  <fec.  A  principal  product  is  the  yerba 
mnt6  {Ilex  Paragitaiensis),  or  Par.aguay  tea,  an  evergreen, 
the  leaf  of  which  is  nearly  as  much  used  for  infusion  in 
South  America  as  the  Chinese  tea  is  in  the  United  States. 
The  objects  of  agriculture  include  the  greater  part  of  the 
most  valuable  products  both  of  the  tropical  and  temperate 
zones.  On  all  the  alluvial  tracts  where  cultivation  is  at- 
tempted, sugar-cane,  cotton,  tobacco  of  superior  quality,  rice, 
maize,  and  culinary  vegetables  yield  a  rich  return.  The 
large  plains  feed  immense  herds  of  cattle,  which  arc  slaugh- 
tered chiefly  for  their  tallow,  hides,  bones,  and  horns.  The 
loology  of  the  country  presents  no  remarkable  peculiarities. 

The  trade  of  Paraguay  consists  in  the  export  of  its  tea, 
tobacco,  sugar,  cotton,  hides,  tallow,  wax,  honey,  cattle, 
horses,  mules,  wool,  leather,  &c.  Its  commerce  was  long 
greatly  retarded  by  the  policy  of  the  government  of  Buenos 
Ayres,  which,  taking  undue  advantage  of  its  command  of 
the  mouth  of  the  La  Plata,  the  outlet  to  the  Paraguay  and 
Parand,  rigorously  excluded  all  intercourse  between  the 
countries  tributary  to  these  streams  and  other  nations. 

Paraguay  declared  itself  independent  of  Spain  in  1810. 
From  about  1812  to  1840  its  affairs  were  entirely  controlled 
by  Dr.  Francia,  who,  being  first  elected  consul,  became  dic- 
tator in  1814,  and  continued  to  administer  tho  government 
with  great  ability  till  his  death  at  the  advanced  age  of  84 
years.  By  a  judicious  exercise  of  arbitrary  power  he  pre- 
served the  country  from  those  dissensions  and  civil  wars 
from  which  tho  other  South  American  states  have  sufl'ered 
80  deeply.  Ilis  policy  of  rigorously  excluding  from  his 
dominions  all  foreigners,  without  exception,  contributed 
not  only  to  preserve  the  tranquillity  of  the  country,  but  also 
to  consolidate  tho  different  elements  of  the  population  into 
one  mass  and  to  form  them  into  a  nation.  Immediately 
after  his  death  the  government  of  a  junta  of  five  was  estab- 
lished; subsequently  the  number  was  reduced  to  two, — 
Carlos  Antonip  {jopez,  acting  aa  civjl  magistrate,  and  Ma-. 


riano  lloque  Alonzo  as  tho  military  commandant.    In  184A 
Lopez  was  elected  president  for  life,  and  died  in  lSfi2.    llii 
•on  and  suocessur,  Solano  Lopez,  was  a  mercilu^i  tyntntj 
and  involved  tho  country  in  a  war  with  Brazil  and     ' 
Argentine  Uopublic,  in  which  nine-tenths   of  the   i 
guayans,  including  their  ruler,  lost  their  live?.     Since  i 
tho  country,  though  nominally  independent,  has  been  vir-i 
tually  under  Brazilian  control,  its  area  having  been  much 
reduced  by  conquest.  i 

Populatiou,  d-c. — Tho  inhabitants  were  chiefly  the  do- 
acendants  of  Europeans  from  the  N.  of  Spain.     Caste  here' 
is  oirried  to  a  great  extent,  and   the  feeling  of  avti 
which  tho  white  population  entertain  towards  the  nai 
even  tho  despotic  power  of  Dr.  Francia  was  unable  to  i. 
down.    The  pnovalcnt   language  is  a  patuin  of  Spui 
Quarani  origin.      Of  tho   aboriginal   tribes  the  (ju^i 
(gw&-r&-necs'),  who  inhabit  the  Chaco,  are  the  inoi-t 
merous.     The  Payaguas,  inhabiting  tho  left  bunk  I'l 
Paraguay  River,  are  chiefly  porters.     Paraguay  was 
covered  by  Scbiustian  Cabot,  who  sailed  up  the  Paraitd  iui 
1526.     Assumption,  tho   present  capital,  was   founded  inl 
1636.     In  subjugating  tho  country  the  native  inliabitn--- 
were  parcelled  out  as  slaves  to  the  conquerors,  who  ti  ■ 
them  with  great  cruelty.     In  15J4  the  iirst  bishoji  of  !' 
guay  brought  with  him  laws  and  regulations  for  their 
tection.      Two  years   later,    in    15jf>,  Jesuit   mission. 
made  their  appearance   in   Paraguay,  and,  by  excrc: 
gentleness  and  policy,  succeeded  in  bringing  many  i.) 
Indians  under  the  restraints  of  civilized  life.     \Vhcir 
order  was  cxpolled  from   tho  Spanish  dominions  in  17i>7, 
other  priests  were  appointed  to  succeed  them  in  Paraguay.} 
The  principal  towns^are  Assumption  (the  capital),  Villa 
llioa,  and  Pilar  or  ^luembuou.     Pop.  by  census  of  1887, 

1,3.37,439. Inhab.    Pakaguayan,    pi-r4-gwi'^    (Sp. 

Paraquayo,  pi-ri-gwl'yo). 

Paragiiazu  Kiver,  Brazil.    See  Paragcavu  River 

Parahiba,  Parahybn,  or  Paraiba,pa.-rd-ee'b&,  a- 
river  of  lirazil,  state  of  Parahiba,  to  which  it  gives  name,< 
joins  the  Atlantic  by  an  estuary  in  lat.  7°  8'  S.,  Ion.  34"- 
45'  W.,  after  an  eastward  course  of  270  miles.  In  sumnierl 
its  bed  is  dry  beyond  20  leagues  from  its  mouth,  Kear  wbicb,l 
on  its  S.  bank,  is  the  city  of  Parahiba. 

Parahiba,  a  inaritimc  state  of  Brazil,  intersected  byi 
the  Vth  parallel  of  S.  latitude,  between  lat.  C°  and  S°  S.; 
and  Ion.  34°  40'  and  38°  40'  AV.,  having  E.  tho  Atlantic 
Ocean,  and  inland  tho  states  of  Rio  Grande  do  Norte  and 
Pernambuco.  Area,  28,854  square  miles.  Pop.  4'J(i,&\S. 
The  surface  is  mostly  elevated.  The  j)rincipal  rivers  are 
the  Parahiba  and  Mamanguapc.  The  chief  products  aroi 
cotton  and  sugar,  with  Brazil  wood,  drugs,  and  timber.i 
Cattle  of  European  breeds  arc  n>umerous.  The  principall 
exports  are  cotton,  sugar,  and  rum.     Capital,  Parahiba. 

JParahiba,  a  city  of  Brazil,  capital  of  a  state,  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Parahiba,  near  its  mouth  in  the  At- 
lantic, 65  miles  N.N.W.  of  Pernambuco.  Pop.  14,000.  It 
consists  of  a  lower  and  an  upper  town.  Tho  former  is  the! 
commercial  quarter;  one  of  its  chief  edifices  is  a  fine  gov- 
ernment warehouse.  In  the  upper  town  the  streets  arc 
wide  and  well  paved,  the  architecture  antiquated.  Here 
are  Franciscan  and  other  convents,  tho  principal  churches, 
prison,  governor's  palace,  military  arsenal,  and  treasury, 
which  last  is  built  in  an  imposing  style.  Tho  trade  is 
chiefly  in  sugar,  cotton,  and  Brazil  wood.  Kear  the  city 
are  some  coffee-plantations.     It  has  a  good  port. 

Parahiba  tto  Sul,  pi-ri-ce'bi  do  sool,  or  the  Sonth>  f 
em  Parahiba,  a  river  of  Brazil,  states  of  Sao  Paulo  and 
Rio  de  Janeiro,  enters  tho  Atantic  at  Sao  Jo5o  de  Praya, 
in  lat.  21°  40'  S.,  Ion.  40°  45'  W.,  after  an  E.  cour.se  of  500 
miles.     Its  chief  aflluents  are  the  Pombal  and  Muriahd.     j 

Parahiba  do  Sul,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  40 1 
miles  N.  of  Rio  de  Janeiro.     Pop.  2000. 

Parahibuna,  pd-rA-ee-boo'n&,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state 
and  80  miles  N.E.  of  Sao  Paulo.     Pop.  2000.  _  | 

Parahitinga,  pil-ri-ee-tin'g3,,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state, 
and  140  miles  N.E.  of  S£o  Paulo,  on  the  left  bunk  of  the 
Parahiba.     Pop.  4000.  ■ 

Parahyba,  or  Paraiba,  Brazil.    See  Parahtda.      I 

Paraiso  (pi-ri-ee'so)  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Men-' 
terey  co.,  Cal. 

Paraje,  pl-rl'ni,  a  post-hamlet  of  Socorro  co.,  New 
Mexico,  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Fort  Craig. 

Par'allel,  a  post-office  of  Riley  co.,  Kansas,  about  40 
miles  N.  of  Junction  City. 

Paralta,  par-al'ta,  a  post-hamlet  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Sabula,  Ackiey  <fe  Dakota  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Marion. 

Paramaribo,  par'a-mar'e-bo,  the  capital  town  oJ 
Dutch  Guiana,  on  tho  W.  bank  of  the  Surinam,  5  miles 


PAH 


2111 


PAR 


pn 

m 


1 

Mftai 


from  its  mouth  in  the  Atlantic,  in  lat.  5°  49'  N.,  Ion.  55° 
22'  W.  Pop.  22,000,  mostly  blacks.  It  is  regularly  built, 
and  the  streets  are  ornamented  with  rows  of  tamarind  and 
orano-e  trees.  It  has  Lutheran,  Calvinistic,  Roman  Cath- 
olic and  English  churches,  Portuguese  and  German  Jewish 
synagogues,  and  is  the  centre  of  the  trade  of  the  colony. 
I'ort  Zeelandia,  N.  of  the  town,  is  the  residence  of  the  gov- 
ernor. It  has  a  hospital  for  lepers,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Coppename,  where  patients  are  maintained  at  the  expense 
of  the  colony.     It  has  an  extensive  trade  by  sea. 

Paramatta,  par^a-mat'ta,  a  town  of  New  South  AVales, 
CO.  of  Cumberland,  on  the  Paramatta  River,  at  a  railway 
junction,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Sydney,  with  which  it  com- 
municates by  steamboats.  Pop.  6103.  It  has  a  summer 
residence  of  the  governor  of  the  colony,  is  the  seat  of  sev- 
eral orphan  asylums,  schools,  barracks,  and  hospitals,  and 
has  manufactures  of  flour  and  woollen  goods. 

Paramatta,  a  river  of  New  South  Wales,  enters  Port 
Jackson  after  an  E.  course  of  12  miles, 

Parambakudi,  India.     See  Parmagudi. 

Paramithia,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Paramythia. 

Paramo  d'Assuay,  pi'ri-mo  dis-swi',  a  pass  across 
the  Andes,  in  Ecuador,  between  lat.  0°  and  2°  S.  Eleva- 
tion, 15,528  feet. 

Paramo  de  Guanacas.    See  Gcanacas. 

Paramo,  Mountains  of.    See  Andes. 

Paramoosheer,  Faramouchir,  or  Paramn- 
schir,  pS,-ri-moo-sheer',  written  also  Poramushir  and 
Poromuschir,  one  of  the  Kooril  Islands,  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  35  miles  S.  of  Kamchatka.  Lat.  50°  50'  N.;  Ion. 
155°  26'  E.  Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  60  miles;  breadth,  20 
miles.  It  abounds  with  wild  animals,  and  exports  large 
quantities  of  fox-,  otter-,  and  wolf-skins. 

Par'amus,  a  hamlet  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J,,  2  miles  from 
Rochelle  Park.     It  has  2  churches,  a  brewery,  and  a  mill. 

Paramythia,  or  Paramithia,  p4-r&-me-thee'i,  a 
town  of  European  Turkey,  in  Epirus,  30  miles  S.W.  of 
Yanina.  Pop.  6000.  It  consists  of  an  upper  and  a  lower 
town,  and  has  an  old  castle,  garrisoned  by  Turks,  and  re- 
mains of  ancient  walls.     It  is  a  Greek  bishop's  see. 

Parana,  pi-ri-ni',  a  large  river  of  South  America,  and 
one  of  the  principal  which  contribute  to  form  the  Rio  de  la 
Plata,  rises  by  numerous  heads  in  the  Brazilian  state  of 
Minas-Goraes,  between  lat.  18°  and  23°  S.  and  Ion.  45°  and 
55°  W.,  near  the  sources  of  the  rivers  Doce  and  Sao  Fran- 
cisco, and  less  than  150  miles  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  It 
flows  in  a  S.W.  direction,  bounding  the  republic  of  Para- 
guay on  the  E.  and  S.,  and  separating  it,  with  the  Brazilian 
state  of  Matto-Grosso,  from  Sao  Panlo  and  the  Argentine 
provinces  of  Corrientes  and  Missiones.  Near  Corrientes, 
2n  lat.  27°  25'  S.,  it  joins  the  Paraguay  and  confers  its  own 

.me  on  the  united  stream.  Thence  its  course  is  south- 
5rard  to  within  50  miles  of  Buenos  Ayres,  where  it  unites 
with  the  Uruguay  River  to  form  the  estuary  of  the  Plata. 
Its  total  course  is  at  least  2000  miles.  In  its  upper  part  it 
receives  numerous  large  affluents,  as  the  Paranahiba,  Ticte, 
Pardo,  Paranapaneme,  and  Curitiba;  but,  owing  to  falls,  it 
is  navigable  only  to  the  island  of  Apipe,  100  miles  above 
its  junction  with  the  Paraguay,  Below  this  point  it  is 
navigable  for  vessels  of  300  tons,  and  receives  the  consider- 
able rivers  Salado  and  Quarto  from  the  W,  In  the  Argen- 
tine Republic,  Rosario,  Candelaria,  Itati,  Corrientes,  Santa 
Lucia,  and  Bajada  de  Santa  F6  are  on  its  banks.  Parang 
is  also  a  name  of  the  Rio  Negro  (Brazil). 

Parana,  a  state  in  the  S.  of  Brazil,  extending  from  the 
ocean  on  the  E.  to  the  river  Paran£,  which  separates  it  from 
Paraguay.  Area,  85,453  square  miles.  It  is  a  fruitful 
region,  with  a  fine  climate  and  great  reputed  mineral  wealth. 
Capital,  Curitiba.     Pop.  187,548. 

Parana,  Argentine  Republic.  See  Bajada  de  Santa  Fe, 

Paranagua,  pi-r4-n3,-gwi',  a  maritime  town  of  Brazil, 

ite  of  Parang,  on  a  bay  of  the  same  name  in  the  Atlantic, 
?0  miles  S.W.  of  Santos.  Pop.  7000,  Its  port  is  excellent, 
Titid  is  fitted  for  vessels  of  400  tons.  It  has  a  custom-house, 
a  hospital,  and  extensive  export  of  mat6, 

Paranahiba,  Farana-Iba,  or  Paranahyba,  p3,- 
r(\,-nS,-ee'bS,,  a  river  of  Brazil,  state  of  Goyaz,  joins  the 
Curumba  to  form  the  Parani,  180  miles  S,  of  Villa  Boa, 
after  a  westward  course  of  about  500  miles.  On  it,  near  its 
source,  is  the  town  of  Paranahiba.     See  also  Parnahiba. 

Paranapaneme,  pi-ri-ni-pi-ni'mi,  and  Paran- 
nan,  p3,-rin-n3,n',  are  considerable  rivers  of  Brazil,  states 
of  Sao  Paulo  and  Goyaz,  respectively  tributaries  to  the 
Parana,  and  the  Tocantins. 

Parangla,pfi,-r4ng'glS,,  or  Parang,  piVing',  a  moun- 
tain-pass of  the  West  Himalayas,  which  at  its  summit  is 
19,132  feet  above  sea-level.    Lat,  32°  30'  N. ;  Ion,  73°  E. 


Faranpeba,  p3,-rln-p4'bil,  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in 
the  state  of  Minas-Gernes,  and  joins  the  Sao  Francisco 
on  the  right,  about  40  miles  below  the  junction  of  the  Pari. 
Total  course,  about  250  miles. 

Farapara,  pi-rl-pi'r4,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  state  of 
Guarico,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Ortiz.     Pop.  7075. 

Farapiti,  pi-ri-pe-tee',  a  river  of  Bolivia,  which  is- 
sues from  the  N.E.  extremity  of  Lake  Granada,  flows 
E.N.E.,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  80  miles,  falls  into 
Lake  Ubahy  on  the  S. 

Farati,  pi-ri  tee',  a  seaport  town  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Rio  de  Janeiro,  135  miles  E.N.E.  of  SSo  Paulo,  on  the 
W,  coast  of  the  Bay  of  Angra  dos  Reis,  Pop.  10,000,  It 
is  small,  regularly  built,  and  has  churches,  a  grammar- 
school,  many  distilleries,  and  an  extensive  commerce, 

Faratschin,  or  Partuin?  pi-ri-zheen',  a  town  of 
Servia,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Jagodin.     Pop.  4836, 

Faray-le-Monial,  pi'ri'-l^h-mo^nee'il',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Saone-et- Loire,  in  a  rich  valley,  7  miles  W,  of 
Charolles.  Pop.  2895.  It  has  tanneries,  potteries,  anA 
dye-works,  but  is  chiefly  noted  as  a  place  of  pilgrimage. 

Farazatu,  Brazil,    See  ParA9Atu, 

Parch  Corn,  a  post-oflSce  of  Scott  co.,  Tcnn, 

Farchelaga  Creek,  Georgia.    See  Patsaliga, 

Parchim,  paRK'im,  or  Farchen,  paRK'?n,  a  town  of 
Germany,  in  Mecklenburg-Schwcrin,  on  the  Elbe,  21  miles 
S.E,  of  Schwerin,  Pop.  8264.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  is 
subdivided  into  an  old  and  a  new  town,  and  has  manufac- 
tures of  woollens,  leather,  chiccory,  straw  hats,  and  tobacco. 

Parch'ment  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co,, 
W.  Va.,  36  miles  S,  of  Scott's  Depot,    It  has  2  churches. 

FarchAvitz,  paRK'*its,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Liegnitz,  on  the  Katzbach.     Pop.  1370, 

Farcip'pany,  or  Parsip'pany,  a  post-village  in 
Hanover  township,  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  3  miles  S.  of  Boonton, 
and  about  7  miles  N.E.  of  Morristown.     It  has  2  churches, 

Far'dee,  a  post-village  of  Atchison  co.,  Kansas,  3 
miles  from  Cummings  Station,  which  is  on  the  Atchison, 
Topeka  <fc  Santa  Fe  Railroad,  lOi  miles  S.W,  of  Atchisob. 
It  has  a  normal  school. 

Far'deeville,  a  post-village  in  Wyocena  township, 
Columbia  co..  Wis,,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Portage  City.     It  has  2  churches, 

Fardo,  paR'do,  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the  S,  part  of 
Matto-Grosso,  After  a  course  of  about  280  miles,  gener- 
ally S,E.,  it  joins  the  Parani  on  the  right  in  lat.  21°  36'  S. 

Fardoe,  par-do',  a  jjost-village  in  Findley  township, 
Mercer  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Shenango  &  Alleghany  Railroad,  5 
miles  E,  of  Mercer,  and  20  miles  E,  of  Sharon,  It  has  1  or 
2  churches  and  a  coal-mine.     Pop,  about  400, 

Fardabitz,  paR'doo-bits\  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  the 
Elbe,  and  on  the  Northern  State  Railway,  61  miles  E.  of 
Prague,     It  has  iron-forges,  paper-mills,  &o.     Pop.  8195. 

Parechia,  p&-rA-kee'4,  Faroikia,  pi-Ro-c-kee'a,or 
Faro,  pi'ro  (anc.  Pa'ros),  the  capital  town  of  the  island 
of  Paros,  Grecian  Archipelago,  on  the  AV.  side  of  the  island. 
About  4  miles  E,  are  quarries  of  Parian  marble. 

Farecis,  p3.-rA-sees',  acordillera  of  Brazil,  in  the  N.W. 
part  of  the  state  of  Matto-Grosso,  in  lat.  15°  to  19°  .S. 

Faredes  de  Nava,  pi-ri'nfis  di  ni'vS,  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  15  miles  N.W,  of  Palencia.  It  has  4 
parish  churches,  a  hospital,  and  manufactures  of  coarse 
hempen  cloths.     Pop.  4769, 

Faredon,  pi-rd-don',  or  Great  Faredon  Kay,  an 
island  of  the  West  Indies,  in  the  old  Bahama  Channel,  N, 
of  Cuba.  Lat.  22°  25'  N. ;  Ion.  78°  8'  W.  Length,  10 
miles,  by  2  miles  in  breadth. 

Pareenuggnr,  p4-ree-n\ig'giir,  a  ruined  city  of  India, 
the  remains  of  which,  near  Verawow,  on  the  peninsula  of 
Parkur,  Runn  of  Cutch,  extend  over  a  space  of  2  miles. 

Farenzo,  pi-rfin'zo,  a  town  of  Austria-Hungary,  Istrin, 
on  its  W.  coast.  10  miles  N.  of  Rovigno.     Pop.  6333. 

Pareto,  pi-ri'to,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Genoa, 
S.  of  Acqui.     Pop.  1757. 

Far'treyville,  a  hamlet  of  Waupaca  co,.  Wis.,  i^ 
miles  from  Waupaca,     It  has  a  church.  ' 

Farga,  par'gA,  a  fortified  maritime  town  of  Tutkey,  iii 
Epirus,  on  a  rocky  height,  opposite  the  island  of  Paxo,  33 
miles  W,N,W,  of  Arta,    Lat.  39°  16'  N.    Pop.  4000, 

Farham,  par' am,  a  town  of  Antigua,  on  the  N.E  ooasC 
It  has  a  good  harbor.     Pop.  about  800. 

Far'ham's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Catahoula  parish.  La*, 
on  Black  River,  15  miles  beloW  Trinity.     It  has  a  church. 

Farham's  Store,  a  post-oflSce  of  Sussex  co.,  Va. 

Faria,  Gulf  of,  Venezuela.     See  Gulf  of  Paria. 

Far'ida,  a  village  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Rio  GrandjW 
in  Socorro  co..  New  Mexico,  near  Socorro, 


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Paridsong.  a  village  of  Thibet.    Soo  Piiaiu. 

I*arigii6  PEvdqaet  piVoon^yd'  UVdk',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Surtho,  tf  miles  S.£.  of  Le  Mant.     Pop.  1U68. 

Parilia,  a  town  of  Peru.    See  Santa. 

Pariiiia,  a  river  of  Uratil.     See  Rio  Branco. 

Pariiiia.  Sierra,  »e-6r'r&  p&-ree'u]&,  or  Parime* 
p&-r«e'm&  (r),  an  irregular  cluster  of  uiountaina  of  Vono- 
suela,  lat.  4°  to  6°  30'  N.,  Ion.  64°  to  67°  W.,  connected  on 
the  S.K.  with  the  Sierra  Pivoaraima,  and  giving  rise  to  the 
Orinooo  and  other  large  rivers.  Mount  Maravaoa,  the 
highest  point,  is  above  10,000  feet  high. 

Pariuacochas  (pJl-re-nil-ko'cb&ii),  Lakk  of,  in  South 
Peru,  department  of  Ayoouoho,  S.W.  of  Pausa,  surrounded 
by  high  uiouutiuns.  It  is  20  miles  in  length  from  N.W.  to 
S.E.,  traversed  by  the  river  Pausa,  and  is  stated  to  bo  10,000 
feet  above  the  sea.     It  gives  name  to  a  province  of  Peru. 

Parinaco'ta,  a  mountain  of  Bolivia,  near  the  cuost, 
in  lat.  18°  10'  S.,  Ion.  69°  11'  W.     Height,  22,030  feet. 

Paris,  p&r'ris  (Fr.  pron.  p&Vee' ;  Gcr.  pron.  ])fl,-ri88'; 
It.  Pariyi,  pi-ree'joe;  Port,  and  Sp.  Parit,  p4-rcece' ;  auo. 
Luta'tia,  or  Lnte'tia  Paritio'riim,  afterwards  Piiria'ii ;  Gr. 
AounjTi'a  Or  AovKriria),  the  metropolis  of  the  French  llepub- 
lic,  the  great  centre  of  European  civilization  nnd  learning, 
and,  after  London,  the  most  populous  city  in  Christendom, 
is  situated  on  both  banks  of  the  river  Seine,  HI  miles  from 
its  mouth,  and  212  miles  S.E.  of  London.  Lat.  of  the  Ob- 
servatory, 48°  50'  12"  N. ;  Ion.  2°  20'  22i"  E.  Mean  tem- 
perature of  the  year,  51,3°  Fahr. ;  winter,  37.8°;  summer, 
64.5°.  Mean  annual  fall  of  rain,  25  inches ;  average  number 
of  niiny  days,  105;  days  on  which  snow  falls,  12.  Paris  is 
one  of  the  greatest,  most  beautiful,  richest,  and  most  indus- 
trious cities  of  the  world.  The  work  of  its  embellishment 
has  been  in  progress  many  years,  especially  since  1856. 
The  narrow,  small,  unhealthy  lanes  have  given  place  to 
long  and  broad  streets  and  boulevards  sided  by  magnificent 
buildings.  The  commune  of  Paris,  surrounded  by  the  for- 
tifications, extends  on  both  sides  of  the  Seine  over  an  area 
of  19,278  acres.  The  interior  circumference  of  the  fortifi- 
cations, comprising  two  breadths  of  the  Seine,  is  21  miles 
in  length.  It  is  divided  into  20  arrondissements,  each  of 
■which  is  subdivided  into  quarters.  This  space  comprises  2 
distinct  portions:  1st,  that  included  within  the  old  city 
wall,  erected  for  the  collection  of  the  octroi',  or  customs;  and 
2d,  the  communes  of  the  baniieu,  comprised  between  the 
old  wall  and  the  line  of  the  new  fortifications.  The  first 
part,  which  forms  the  12  municipal  arrondissements  of 
the  commune  of  Paris,  is  in  many  parts  covered  with  splen- 
did monuments,  magnificent  hotels,  and  gardens.  The 
houses  are  generally  lofty  and  built  in  a  uniform  style. 
The  new  streets  are  wide,  straight,  well  paved,  and  lighted 
with  gas ;  but  many  of  the  old  streets  are  narrow  and 
crooked.  The  Rue  de  Rivoli,  prolonged  on  the  W.  by  the 
Avenuo  des  Champs-Elysdes  and  on  the  E.  by  the  Rue  du 
Faubourg  St.  Antoine,  intersects  the  northern  division  of 
Paris  from  E.  to  W.,  within  a  short  distance  of  the  river. 
The  Boulevard  de  S6bastopol,  at  right  angles  to  the  Rue  de 
Rivoli,  intersects  the  city  from  N.  to  S.  'The  old  and  chief 
line  of  the  boulevards  forms  a  semicircle,  the  chord  of  which 
is  the  Rue  de  Rivoli  from  the  Place  do  la  Bastille  to  the  Rue 
Royale.  The  new  Boulevard  Malesherbcs,  extending  N.AV. 
from  the  Madeleine,  and  Boulevard  Prince  Eugene,  on  the 
E.,  between  the  Place  du  TrOno  and  the  Boulevard  St.  Mar- 
tin, are  very  fine  streets ;  the  Boulevard  do  Magenta  is  a 
continuation  of  the  latter  to  the  N.W.  Beyond  this  is  the 
irregular  lino  of  the  outer  boulevards ;  while  a  third  ring 
is  formed  by  the  fortifications.  The  Seine,  which  traverses 
Paris  from  E.  to  W.  for  a  length  of  7  miles,  is  lined  with 
spacious  quays  and  bordered  with  trees.  On  it  are  moored 
washing-boats,  in  which  from  400  to  500  women  are  daily 
engaged,  and  floating  baths.  Within  the  limits  of  the  city 
it  is  crossed  by  27  bridges  of  various  kinds,  eight  of  which 
have  been  constructed  since  1852  ;  on  two  of  these  payment 
is  exacted  from  passengers.  It  receives  the  small  stream 
of  Bievre  or  the  Gobelins  at  the  Quai  de  I'li^pital,  and  the 
Canal  of  St.  Martin,  which  joins  those  of  the  Ourcq  and  St. 
Denis.  It  here  forms  two  islands,  the  He  St.  Louis  and 
the  He  de  la  Cit6,  on  which  last  is  situated  the  cathedral 
church  of  Notre  Dame,  a  Gothic  building  in  the  form  of  a 
Latin  cross,  with  a  magnificent  fa9ade,  terminating  by  two 
square  towers  295  feet  in  height,  the  restoration  of  which 
was  completed  in  June,  1804;  the  Hfltel-Dieu,  the  Palais 
de  Justice,  and  the  Pont-Neuf,  which  latter  connects  the 
lie  de  la  Cit6  with  both  sides  of  the  river.  This  is  the 
largest  bridge  in  Paris,  and  one  of  the  oldest,  having  been 
reconstructed  in  1852 ;  in  its  centre  is  a  bronze  statue  of 
lleory  IV.  The  portion  of  Paris  situated  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  river  is  the  most  extensive,  and  contains  the  greatest 


number  of  public  oflices.  It  is  also  the  richest  and  moit 
eommeroial,  its  centre  being  occupied  by  the  Bourse  (Ex- 
change) of  Paris.  Among  the  many  splendid  ediflcoi  of 
this  quarter  are  the  triumphal  arch  (Arc  do  Triomphe  du 
Carrousel),  an  imitation  of  the  arch  of  SeptimiusSoverus  at 
Rome,  erected  by  Napoleon  in  1800  to  the  glory  of  Ibei 
French  armies;  the  palace  of  the  Louvre,  appropriated  to  i 
rich  collections  of  paintings,  sculpture,  bronzes,  antiquities,  I 

and  prints;  the  new  Louvre,  uniting  the  now  •!"  | 

palace  of  the  Tuilerios  with  the  Louvre;  the  Oi 
largest  Protcstjint  church  in  Paris;  the  Palais  i. 
great,  though  partly  destroyed  by  the  Commune;  Hit  jo 
of  the  ElysC-e  Napol6on,  where  Napoleon  1.  signed  hi- 

abdication;  the  llalles  Centrales  (central  markets) ;  the 

Tour  de  la  Boucherie,  at  the  intersection  of  the  Rue  de  Iti- 1 
voli  and  the  Boulevard  de  Sdbastopol ;  the  116tcl  dc  Ville,  I 
the  municipal  palace  of  Paris;  the  new  Italian  o|M 
opened  in  1870;  and  the  church  of  the  Madi  i 
principal  streets  and  squares  are  the  Place  de  la  ' 
an  immense  square,  decorated  with  fountains  and  eiaii: 
the  Place  des  Victoires,  in  which  are  the  Bank  of  Fr  i 
and  an  equestrian  statue  of  Louis  XIV, ;  the  Place  \ 
ddmo,  in  the  centre  of  which  stands  the  triumphal  bi 
column  erected  by  Napoleon  I.,  pulled  down  by  tne  Coinn 
nists,  but  re-erected  in  1874;  ttie  Place  Bastille,  with  tlio 
Colonne  de  Juillet,  a  bronze  monument  154  feet  high,  erected 
on  the  site  of  the  Bastille,  in  honor  of  those  who  fell  in  the 
revolution  of  1830  ;  the  Place  du  TrSne,  where  is  a  tri- 
umphal arch  erected  to  commemorate  the  prowess  of  the 
French  armies  between  1852-62 ;  Rue  de  Rivoli,  one  of  the 
finest  streets  of  the  city,  nearly  2  miles  long  ;  Rue  de  la 
Paix,  and  Rue  Castiglione,    Most  of  these  are  in  the  centre 
or  W,  of  Paris.    The  finest  and  most  fashionable  prome- 
nades are  the  Boulevards  and  Champs-Elys^es,  at  the  W, 
end  of  which  are  the  triumphal  arch  of  L'Etoile  and  the  Bois 
do  Boulogne;  the  Place  du  Carrousel,  the  Garden  of  the 
Tuileries,  and  in  the  E,  the  cemetery  of  Pfere-la-Chaise. 

The  left  bank  of  the  river  contains  the  Boulevard  BL 
Germain,  the  principal  residence  of  the  oldest  noblesse;  the 
boulevards  are  here  also  planted,  but  the  promenades  art 
not  frequented.  On  this  side  is  the  Pays  Latin,  the  seat  of 
the  principal  educational  establishments,  and  the  Soi bonne. 
College  of  France,  colleges  of  St.  Louis,  Louis-le-Grand, 
Henri  IV.,  polytechnic  school,  the  normal  school,  inaugu- 
rated in  1846,  the  school  of  medicine,  and  schools  of 
law.  The  principal  public  buildings  on  this  side  are  the 
palace  of  the  Luxembourg,  in  part  appropriated  to  the  ex- 
hibition of  the  works  of  living  artists;  the  Fontaine  St. 
Michel,  a  marble  structure  82  feet  high;  palace  of  the  fine 
arts;  the  Od6on  and  Lyc6e  St.  Louis  ;  Assembl6e  Nationale; 
the  palace  of  the  Institute,  containing  the  Mazarin  Library ; 
the  Observatory,  at  the  end  of  the  Boulevard  de  SGbastopol, 
with  a  library  of  45,000  volumes;  the  mint,  with  a  collec- 
tion of  coins,  dies,  and  medals  from  the  time  of  Charles 
VIII. ;  the  Pantheon,  a  colossal  edifice,  occupying  the 
highest  part  of  Paris,  originally  designed  for  a  church,  but 
afterwards  appropriated  to  the  remains  of  eminent  French- 
men ;  the  Hotel  des  Invalides,  an  immense  military  hos- 
pital for  5000  men,  with  a  library  of  30,000  volumes,  a 
collection  of  models  of  fortifications,  and  an  elegant  dome, 
and  in  the  centre  of  which  is  a  church  containing  the  tombs 
of  Napoleon  I.,  Turenne,  and  Vauban  ;  the  military  school, 
situated  in  the  Champ-de-Mars,  where  the  Exhibition  build- 
ings of  1867  were  erected  (and  where  another  great  inter- 
national exhibition  took  place  in  the  summer  of  1878),  1600 
feet  long  by  1245  feet  broad ;  the  botanic  garden  ( Jardin 
des  Plantes),  and  the  celebrated  tapestry- and  carpet-manu- 
factory of  the  Gobelins,  This  quarter  also  contains  the 
greater  number  of  hospitals,  the  largest  of  which,  the  Sal- 
p6tri6re,  has  upwards  of  4500  inmatci.  Here  are  also  the 
ruins  of  the  Palais  des  Thermos,  and  the  HGtel  de  Cluny, 
founded  by  Du  Sommerard,  and  purchased  by  the  state,  con- 
taining a  museum  of  arts,  arms,  and  antiquities  ;  the  abat- 
toirs (slaughter-houses)  of  Grenelle  and  Villcjuif,  and  the 
artesian  well.  There  are  8  prisons  in  Paris,  including  the 
Conciergerie  in  the  Palais  de  Justice,  the  principal  being 
La  Force,  on  the  Boulevard  Mazas,  near  the  Lyons  railway 
terminus.  A  great  portion  of  this  quarter  was  built  from 
quarries  extending  under  the  river,  which  formed  the  cele- 
brated catacombs  used  as  a  deposit  for  the  bones  found  in 
the  cemeteries  at  the  time  of  their  suppression.  The  space 
contained  between  the  city  wall  and  the  fortified  circle  is 
composed  of  the  communes  of  the  baniieu,  in  which  the 
population  has  greatly  increased  within  a  few  years ;  but  the 
greater  part  of  it  is  still  occupied  by  fields  or  gardens. 
'These  communes  comprise  on  the  right  bank  Bercy,  Cha- 
ronne,  Belleville,   La  Viletto,  La  Chapelle,   Montmartra. 


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Les  Batignollcs,  Passy,  and  Auteuil ;  and  on  the  left  bank 
Grenello,  Vaugirard,  Montrouge,  and  Gentilly.  The  ap- 
proach to  the  new  walls  is  defended  by  16  detached  forts, 
including  Romainville,  Noisy,  llosny,  Nogcnt,  Charenton, 
and  the  castle  of  Vinconnes,  on  the  E. ;  Bicctre,  Montrouge, 
Vanvres,  and  Issy,  on  the  S. ;  Mont  Valdrien,  on  the  W. ; 
Auborvilliers,  and  St.  Denis  with  the  Couronno  de  la  Bricho, 
and  double  Couronno,  on  the  N. 

Considered  in  reference  to  its  scientific,  literary,  and  edu- 
cational establishments,  Paris  surpasses  all  other  cities  of  the 
world.  The  headquarters  of  the  University  of  Paris  are  at 
the  Sorbonno,  founded  1253,  near  the  Hotel  de  Cluny,  where 
degrees  are  granted  in  the  faculties  of  sciences,  letters,  and 
theology,  and  where  gratuitous  public  lectures  are  given  ; 
the  college  occupies  an  area  of  nearly  three  acres,  and  its 
library  contains  80,000  volumes.  The  Ecole  de  Droit  (school 
of  law)  is  in  the  Place  du  Panthfion.  The  Ecole  de  Mcde- 
cine  is  in  the  street  of  the  same  name.  The  Coll6ge  Natio- 
nale  de  France,  founded  in  1530  by  Francis  I.,  is  in  the  Rue 
6t.  Jacques ;  it  has  29  professors,  all  the  lectures  being  gra- 
tuitous. There  are  five  lyceums,  or  preparatory  schools, 
supported  by  government,  comprising  178  professors,  1800 
boarders,  and  2960  day -scholars ;  also  three  municipal  col- 
leges for  the  annexed  communes.  Among  the  special  schools 
are  the  Eooles  Polytechnique,  Nationale,  Normale,  des 
Beaux-Arts,  des  Mines,  and  the  Conservatoires  des  Arts  and 
deMusique;  the  Observatory,  containing  a  valuable  collec- 
,  lion  of  astronomical  and  mathematical  instruments;  the 
!  Jardin  des  Plantes,  a  large  botanic  garden,  with  museums  of 
I  natural  history  and  a  collection  of  living  animals;  and  the 
i  conservatory  of  arts  and  trades,  containing  models  and  de- 

I'  Boriptionsof  machinery.  A  garden  of  45i  acres,  with  25  hot- 
houses, was  opened  in  1860  by  the  Acclimatation  Society 
in  the  W.  part  of  the  Bois  de  Boulogne,  in  which  legions  of 
plants  of  every  description  are  reared,  and  afterwards 
transplanted  to  ornament  the  public  gardens  of  Parifi. 
_  Paris  is  the  seat  of  numerous  learned  and  other  societies, 
'  among  which  are  the  society  for  the  encouragement  of 
f  national  industry,  societies  of  agriculture,  geography,  geol- 
ogy, statistics,  and  antiquities.  There  are  32  libraries  in 
1  Paris,  6  of  which  are  public ;  of  these  the  great  national 
i  library  (Bibliothfique  Nationale)  is  a  magnificent  institu- 
I  tion.  It  is  divided  into  5  sections,  containing — 1,  printed 
f  works  and  pamphlets,  1,800,000,  including  duplicates ;  2, 
^  manuscripts,  200,000  volumes ;  3,  medals  and  antiquities, 
?  170,000,  and  10,000  gems;  4,  engravings,  1,300,000;  5, 
i  maps  and  charts,  300,000.    The  charity  of  Paris  is  admin- 

■  istered  by  the  department  of  Assistance  Publique,  whose 
Btaff  numbers  about  2200.     There  are  8  general  and  7  spe- 

I  cial  hospitals.  The  benevolent  institutions  comprise  a  deaf - 
'mute  institution,  with  12  professors,  a  school  for  the  blind, 
J  a  government  pawn  bank,  and  numerous  civil,  maternity, 

foundling,  and  orphan  hospitals.     The  principal  theatres 

are  the  Opera  or  Academy  of  Music,  Thdatre  Franjais, 
'Op6ra  Comique,  Od6on,  Italian  Theatre,  many  minor  thea- 
itrcs,   an   Olympic   circus,   panorama,   diorama,   and    geo- 

rama.  The  industrial  establishments  of  Paris  embrace  all 
'  kinds  of  manufactures  and  commerce,  but  it  is  especially 
'distinguished  for  objects  of  taste  and  fashion, — furniture, 
! jewelry,  trinkets,  bronzes,  porcelain,  mirrors,  clocks   and 

watches,  painted  paper,  perfumery,  bonnets,  gloves,  and 
■carriages.  There  are  about  30,000  master  tailors,  shoe- 
'  makers,  hatters,  furriers,  dressmakers,  and  milliners,  em- 
(ploying  120,000  men  and  women,  and  doing  business  to 
^the  amount  of  $60,000,000  a  year.  The  manufacture  of 
^trinkets  (articles  do  Paris)  employs  about  120,000  opera- 

■  lives.  The  confectioners  produce  annually  about  $1,200,000 
'worth  of  goods.  The  carpets  and  tapestries  of  the  Gobelins 
^are  held  in  high  estimation,  and  Paris  is  celebrated  for  its 
joiathematical  and  optical  instruments.  It  is  one  of  the 
;  shief  centres  in  Europe  for  the  production  of  works  con- 
;neeted  with  literature  and  the  fine  arts.     It  has  13  prin- 

Jipal  newspapers,  besides  periodical  sheets  of  journals,  re- 
news, bulletins,  and  annals  of  politics,  literature,  science, 
vrts,  and  fashions.  The  commerce  of  Paris  is  facilitated  by 
aavigation  on  the  Seine,  by  its  connection  with  many  canals, 
Ud  by  rails  to  the  chief  towns  of  France.  It  has  a  cham- 
Mr  of  commerce  with  a  commercial  library,  an  exchange 
rhich  publishes  daily  returns,  and  it  is  the  seat  of  all  the 
principal  financial,  industrial,  and  commercial  societies  in 
fJie  country.  Among  the  eminent  persons  that  Paris  has 
[Jroduced  may  be  mentioned  the  great  Cond6,  Prince  Eu- 
l^ne  of  Savoy,  Rousseau  the  poet.  Thou  the  historian, 
rMoliere,  Boileau,  Voltaire,  Rollin,  D'Alembert,  the  painters 
jLohrun  and  David,  the  geographer  D'Anville,  Lavoisier, 
[Hadame  Roland,  and  Madame  de  Stael.  Paris  was  a  place 
>f  importance  in  the  time  of  C»sar ;  it  was  then  confined 


to  the  island  in  the  Seine,  now  called  the  He  de  la  Cit<S,  and 
was  capital  of  that  part  of  Gaul  occupied  by  the  Pai-itu, 
Under  the  Roman  emperors  it  was  greatly  extended.  Clovis 
fixed  his  empire  here  in  608.  The  establishment  of  the 
University,  in  the  year  1200,  gave  it  great  importance ;  it 
was  surrounded  by  walls  under  Philip  Augustus  ;  the  inner  or 
city  wall  (d'octroi)  was  built  nearly  as  it  now  stands,  in  1786. 
The  new  line  of  fortifications  was  commenced  in  1840,  and 
finished  in  1848.  Paris  was  delivered  up  to  the  English 
in  1420,  and  held  by  them  for  six  years.  The  allied  army 
entered  it  in  1814-15.  The  first  revolution  began  July  14, 
1 789 ;  the  second,  July  27, 1830  ;  and  the  third,  February  23, 
1848.  During  the  Franco-German  war  of  1870-71,  Paris 
was  invested  by  the  German  armies,  the  investment  com- 
mencing on  September  21,  1870,  three  weeks  after  the  battle 
of  Sedan.  After  a  short  and  not  very  destructive  bombard- 
ment, Paris  surrendered  February  27, 1871,  and  on  March  1 
the  German  troops,  headed  by  Emperor  William  I.,  made 
their  entry  into  the  city,  proceeding,  however,  under  the 
terms  of  the  capitulation,  not  farther  than  from  the  Bois  de 
Boulogne  to  the  Place  de  la  Concorde.  On  March  18,  while 
yet  the  German  armies  were  holding  the  heights  surround- 
ing the  city,  a  terrible  insurrection,  known  as  that  of  the 
Commune,  broke  out,  forcing  the  government  and  legis- 
lature to  withdraw  to  Versailles,  and  the  palace  of  the 
Tuileries  (partially)  the  Hotel  de  Ville,  and  many  other  of 
the  principal  buildings  were  burned.  Paris  was  taken  by 
storm  by  the  "army  of  Versailles,"  May  28,  1871,  and  order 
was  restored.  Since  the  establishment  of  the  republic  a 
system  of  improvements  has  been  inaugurated,  scarcely 
inferior  to  those  of  the  second  empire.  Pop.  in  1881, 
2,269,023;  in  1891,  2,447,967. Adj.  and  inhab.  Pari- 
sian, par-izh'an  (Fr.  Parisien,  piVee'ze-^No'  (masculine), 
and  PAnisiENNE,  pi^ree*ze-enn'  (feminine). 

Par'is,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Logan  co..  Ark.,  about 

18  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Ozark.  It  has  several  churches,  2 
newspaper  oflSces,  flour-mills,  cotton-gins,  and  general 
stores.     Pop.  in  1890,  547. 

Paris,  a  post-village,  cjipital  of  Bear  Luke  co.,  Idaho, 
about  40  miles  from  Franklin  Station  of  the  Utah  Northern 
Railroiid.     Pop.  in  1890,  893. 

Paris,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Edgar  co.,  111.,  in  Paris 
township,  at  the  junction  of  several  railroads,  19  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Terre  Haute,  36  miles  S.  of  Danville,  and  170 
miles  E.N.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  It  contains  a  court-house, 
7  churches,  a  normal  academy,  2  national  banks,  and  3 
newspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1890,  4996;  of  township,  6260. 

Pans,  a  post-village  of  Jennings  co.,  Ind.,  on  Graham's 
Fork,  and  on  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  12  miles  S. 
of  North  Vernon,  and  about  16  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Madison. 
It  has  a  flour-mill,  2  saw-mills,  and  4  stores.     Pop.  200. 

Paris,  a  station  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacifio 
Railroad,  18^  miles  E.N.E.  of  Centreville,  Iowa. 

Paris,  a  township  of  Howard  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  671. 

Paris,  a  post-village  in  Jackson  township,  Linn  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Wapsipinicon  River,  16  miles  N.  of  Marion, 
and  21  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Cedar  Rapids.     Pop.  110. 

Paris,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  Kansas,  16  miles 
from  Beloit.     It  has  a  church  and  a  plough-factory. 

Paris,  a  township  of  Linn  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  1287.  It 
contains  Mansfield  and  Farlinville. 

Paris,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Bourbon  co.,  Ky.,  is  situ- 
ated on  Stoner  Creek,  and  on  the  Kentucky  Central  Railroad, 
at  its  junction  with  the  Maysville  &  Lexington  Railroad, 

19  miles  N.E.  of  Lexington,  and  80  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Cov- 
ington. It  contains  a  court-house,  a  military  institute,  3 
banks  with  an  aggregate  capital  of  $576,000,  the  BourDon 
Female  College,  the  Garth  Female  College,  3  newspaper 
oflices,  gas-works,  10  churches,  and  manufactures  of  flour, 
rope,  and  whisky.     Pop.  in  1890,  4218. 

Paris,  or  Paris  Hill,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Oxford 
CO.,  Me.,  in  Paris  township,  about  50  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Portland,  and  2  miles  E.  of  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad.  It 
is  on  a  hill  about  800  feet  high,  and  is  surrounded  by  pic- 
turesque scenery.  It  has  a  court-house,  2  churches,  a  news- 
paper odice,  2  or  3  hotels,  and  an  academy.  The  township 
contains  also  South  Parls  (which  see).  Mount  Mica,  in 
Paris  township,  is  remarkable  for  the  abundance  and  va- 
riety of  rare  minerals  which  it  contains.  Fine  specimens 
of  tourmaline  are  found  here.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2931. 

Paris,  a  township  of  Huron  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  891. 

Paris,  a  township  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1543. 

Paris,  a  post-village  in  Green  township,  Mecosta  co., 
Mich.,  on  Muskegon  River,  and  on  the  Grand  Rapids  <fc 
Indiana  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Reed  City,  and  60  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  a  church,  a  lumber- 
mill,  and  a  grist-mill.    Pop.  about  250. 


fPJlR 


2114 


TAB 


Paris,  a  hamlet  of  Lafayetto  oo.,  Min.,  13  milos  £.  of 
Wivtor  Volley.     It  ha*  2  ohurobos  and  a  tannery. 

PiiriSy  a  post-villago,  ca]>ital  of  Monroo  co.,  Mo.,  la 
pleasantly  nituatod  in  JackHun  township,  on  tlie  MidUlo 
Fork  of  Salt  Kivor,  and  on  the  Ali8.<ioi'.ri,  Kanmu*  A,  Toxas 
llailroad  (Main  Lino),  44  milos  W.S.W.  of  Hannibal,  and 
26  milos  E.  by  N.  of  Moberly.  It  contains  a  oourt-house, 
a  high  school,  a  national  bank,  2  nowspapor  offices,  5 
ehurohos,  and  manufactures  of  fumituro  andwucllon  goods. 
Pop.  about  15UU. 

Paris*  a  post-township  of  Oneida  oo.,  N.Y.,  is  inter- 
noted  by  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Hail- 
road,  and  drained  by  Sauquoit  Creek.  Virp.  of  the  town- 
ship, 3696.  It  contains  villages  named  Clay  villo  and  Sau- 
Auoit,  and  has  manufacturc:ii  of  cotton  goods,  paper,  woollens, 
Ac  Paris  Station  is  17  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Utioa.  Paris 
Poat-Office  is  at  Paris  Hill. 

Paris,  a  poat-ofiiee  of  Anson  oo.,  N.C. 

Paris,  a  township  of  Portage  oo.,  0.     Pop.  691. 

Paris,  Preble  co.,  0.    See  Ntw  Paris. 

Paris,  a  post-village  in  Paris  township.  Stark  oo.,  0., 
11  milos  E.  of  Canton,  and  about  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Alli- 
ance. It  has  3  churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  wagon-shop. 
Pop.  of  tho  township,  2625. 

Paris,  a  township  of  Union  oo.,  0.  Pop.  2838.  It 
contitins  Marj'sville. 

Paris,  a  post-hamlet  of  'Washington  co.,  Pa.,  about  31 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
graded  school. 

Paris,  a  post-office  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C. 

Paris,  a  post-villago,  capital  of  Henry  oo.,  Tenn.,  on 
tho  Louisville  &  Memphis  Railroad,  131  miles  N.E.  of 
Memphis,  and  69  miles  W.S.W.  of  Clarksville.  It  contains 
4  or  5  churches,  a  seminary  or  college,  a  bank,  2  newspaper 
offices,  9  dry-goods  stores,  3  hotels,  2  cotton -factories,  a 
flour-mill,  and  2  tobacco-factories.  Cotton  and  tobacco  are 
tho  chief  articles  of  export.     Pop.  in  1890, 1917. 

Paris,  a  flourishing  town,  citpital  of  Lamar  co.,  Tex., 
1«  on  the  Texas  A  Pacific  Railroad  (Trans-Continental  di- 
Tision),  64  miles  E.  of  Sherman.  It  has  a  court-house,  2 
banks,  7  churches,  the  Lamar  Female  Seminary,  a  high 
school,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of  brooms, 
furniture,  ploughs,  wngons,  saeh,  blinds,  &c.     Pop.  8254, 

Paris,  a  post-village  of  Fauquier  oo.,  Va..  is  at  tho 
B.E.  base  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  and  about  20  miles  S.E.  of 
Winchester.     It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

Paris,  a  township  of  Grant  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  940. 

Paris,  a  post-office  in  Paris  township,  Kenosha  co., 
Wis.,  about  15  miles  S.W.  of  Racine.  The  township  has  4 
churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1018. 

Paris,  a  town  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Brant,  on  Grand  River, 
ftt  the  intersection  of  the  Great  Western  and  Buffalo  & 
Goderich  Branch  of  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  29  miles  W. 
of  Hamilton.  Here  are  6  churches,  a  branch  bank,  2  news- 
paper offices,  7  hotels,  about  40  stores,  and  manufactories 
of  woollen  goods,  iron  castings,  machinery,  leather,  flour, 
and  tobacco.  The  town  also  has  an  oil-refinery,  pottery, 
knitting-mills,  plaster-mills,  and  extensive  bods  of  gypsum 
iu  the  vicinity.     Paris  is  a  port  of  entry.     Pop.  2640. 

Parisburg,  Virginia.     See  Peakisburo. 

Paris  Cros'sing,  a  post-office  of  Jennings  co.,  Ind. 

Par'ish,  a  post-village  in  Parish  township,  Oswego  co., 
N.Y.,  on  Salmon  Creek,  and  on  the  Syracuse  Northern  Rail- 
road, 11  miles  S.  of  Pulaski,  and  27  miles  N.  of  Syracuse. 
It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  a  flour-mill,  and  a,  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2062. 

Parish  Grove,  township,  Benton  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  193. 

Paris  Hill,  Oxford  co..  Me.     See  Paris. 

Paris  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Paris 
township,  lOi  miles  S.W.  of  Utica,  and  3  miles  N.  of  Paris 
Station.     It  has  2  churches.     Hero  is  Paris  Post-Office. 

Par'ishville,  a  post-village  in  Parishville  township, 
St.  I>awrcnco  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  St. 
Regis  River,  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Potsdam,  and  about  34  miles 
E.  by  S.  of  Ogdensburg.  The  river  here  descends  125  feet 
in  the  course  of  a  mile,  and  furnishes  abundant  motive- 
power.  Parishville  has  3  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a 
luinlier-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  578;  of  the  township,  2272. 

Parishville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Frederick  co.,  Va.,  14 
miles  W.  of  Winchester. 

Parishville  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  12  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Canton. 

Parisii,  an  ancient  name  of  Paris. 

Paris  (or  Par'ry)  Island,  an  island  of  Beaufort  co., 
S.C,  4  milos  6.  of  Beaufort.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by 
Broad  River,  and  on  the  S.  by  Port  Royal  Bay.  Tho  soil 
is  fertile,  and  produces  fine  sea-island  cotton. 


Paris  Landini;,  a  port-villngo  of  Henry  oo.,  Tenn., 
on  tho  Tennessee  River,  14  milos  N.  of  Danville  Railroad 
Station.     It  has  a  tobacco-factory.     Pop.  about  15U. 

Paris  IMountain,  a  township  of  Ureenvillo  co.,  8.C 
Pop.  690. 

Paris  Sprinirs,  a  post-office  and  watorlng-plaoe  of 
Lawrence  oo..  Mo.,  about  25  milos  W.  by  8.  of  SpringfleW. 
Here  are  mineral  springs,  a  hotel,  and  a  church. 

Par'isville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huron  co.,  Mioh..  in 
Paris  townshi]>,  about  60  miles  N.  of  Port  Huron.  It  hw 
a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Parisville,  a  post-office  of  Portage  co.,  0. 

Parita,p&-reo't&,  agulf  of  the  republic  of  Colombia,  de- 
partment  of  Panama,  on  the  W.  siile  of  the  (julf  of  Punamu 
about  :50  milos  across,  and  extending  20  miles  inland. 

Parita,  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Colombia,  on  the  Gulf 
of  Parita,  department  and  100  miles  S.W.  of  Panama. 

Pariwara  (pA-re-w4'ri)  Islands,  a  group  in  the 
Pacific,  S.E.  of  Papua.     Lat.  9°  12'  S. ;  Ion.  140°  50'  E. 

Park,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Colorado,  hiu  no 
area  of  about  2000  square  miles.     It  is  drained  by  tlio 
South  Fork  of  tho  Platte   River,  which  rises  in  it. 
surface  is  diversified  with   grand  mountain-scenery, 
forests  of  pine,  fir,  and  other  trees.   The  Park  Range  ol  i„u 
Rocky  Mountains  extends  along  the  N.  and  W.  border  of 
this  county,  which  comprises  the  vast  anil  fertile  plain  or 
valley  called  the  Sonxn  Park  (which  see).     It  is  liberally 
sup]>licd  with  timber  and  water,  and  produces  good  natural 
pasture,  also  barley,  oats,  butter,  and  potatoes.     Tho  prin- 
cipal sedimentary  rocks  found  in  the  South  I'ark  are  triassio. 
Among  its  mineral  resources  are  silver,  gold,  copper,  tine, 
lead,  limestone,  anil  granite.     This  county  is  interne 
by  tho  Union  Pacific  Railroad  and  the  Colorado  Mi  I 
Railroad,  the  former  of  which  connects  with  Fair  Plnv, 
capital.     Pop.  in  1870,  447;  in  1880,  .3970;  in  1890,"354S. 

Park,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  Ind.,  about  46  milel 
S.E.  of  Terro  Haute. 

Park,  a  township  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  189. 

Park,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barren  co.,  Ky.,  9  milos  B.E. 
of  Horse  Cave  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Park,  a  township  of  St.  Josei)h  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  1374 

Park,  a  township  of  Clay  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  190. 

Park,  a  post-office  of  Kearney  co.,  Neb. 

Park,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Chemung  co.,  N.Yj, 
on  the  Utica,  Ithaca  <fe  Elmira  Railroad,  17  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Elmira.     Here  is  a  hotel. 

Parkany,  pS,u'kAii',  a  town  of  Hungary,  on  the  Dan- 
ube, CO.  of  and  immediately  opposite  Gran.     Pop.  1562. 

Park  City,  a  hamlet  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas,  on  ths 
Arkansas  River,  about  12  miles  above  Wichita. 

Park  City,  a  mining-town  of  Summit  co.,  Utah,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Southern  Pacific  and  Utah  Central  Rail- 
ways, 31  miles  E.  of  Salt  Lake  City.  It  has  silver-mines 
and  quartz-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  2850. 

Park  Cone,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Elk  Mountains, 
lat.  38°  48'  N.,  Ion.  106°  36'  W. ;  height,  12,021  feet. 

Park  Corner,  a  post-villago  in  yueens  co.,  Prince 
Edward  Island,  8  miles  from  Princetown.     Pop.  300. 

Park'dale,  a  post-village  in  Tumuli  township.  Otter 
Tail  CO.,  Minn.,  22  miles  from  Campbell  Station.  It  has  a 
church  and  a,  flour-mill. 

Parkdnle,  a  station  in  Camden  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  New 
Jersey  Southern  Railroad. 

Parke,  park,  a  county  in  the  AV.  part  of  Indiana,  has 
an  area  of  about  450  square  milos.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
W.  by  the  Wabash  River,  and  is  intersected  by  Sugar  and 
Raccoon  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level, 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  sugar- 
maple,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian 
corn,  cattle,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Mines 
of  good  bituminous  coiil.  cnlled  block  coal,  have  been  opened 
in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Terre  Haute  it 
Indianapolis  Railroad,  the  Indianapolis,  Decatur  &  Western 
Railroad,  and  other  railroads.  Ca])ital,  Rockville.  Pop. 
in  1870,  18,166;  in  1880,  19,460;  in  1890,  20,296. 

Parke,  York  co..  Pa.    See  Brogueville  Statiox. 

Parke  Bar,  a  township  of  Yuba  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  256. 

Pnrk'er,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area 
of  about  900  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  liraios 
River.  A  large  part  of  the  surface  is  covered  with  forests. 
Tho  soil  is  fertile.  Cuttle  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Texas  &  Pacific 
Railroad  and  other  railroads.  Capital,  AA'eatherford.  Pop. 
in  187tt,  4186;  in  1880.  15,870 ;  in  1890,  21,682. 

Parker,  a  post-office  of  Yuma  co.,  Arizona,  on  the 
Colorado  River,  180  miles  S.W.  of  Prescott.  Here  is  an 
Indian  agency. 


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Parker,  a  township  of  Clark  co.,  111.     Pop.  863. 

Parker,  Randolph  co.,  InJ.     See  Mohristown. 

Parker,  a  decayed  post-village  of  Montgomery  co., 
Eansas,  on  the  Verdigris  lliv-er,  3  miles  below  Coffey ville, 
{  and  near  the  Leavenworth,  Lawrence  &  Galveston  llailroad. 
I  Pop.  of  township,  excluding  Coffeyville,  772. 

Parker,  a  township  of  Morris  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  601. 
It  contains  Parkersville. 

Parker,  a  post-office  of  Andrew  co.,  Mo.,  about  30 
miles  N.  by  AV.  of  St.  Joseph. 

Parker,  a  township  of  Butler  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1.309. 

Parker,  a  station  of  the  Potomac,  Fredericksburg  & 
Piedmont  llailroad,  174  miles  W.  of  Fredericksburg,  Va. 

Parker  City,  or  Parker's  Landing  (former  name 
Jjawrenceburg),  a  post-town  of  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.,  on 
tlie  W.  bank  of  the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the  Alleghany 
A'lillcy  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Parker  &  Karns 
City  Railroad,  82  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Pittsburg,  and  50  miles 
S.  of  Oil  City.  It  is  mainly  supported  by  operations  in  oil, 
which  abounds  in  the  vicinity.  The  name  of  its  railroad 
station  is  Parker.  It  contains  an  opera-house,  5  churches, 
a  bank,  a  savings-bank,  an  oil  exchange,  several  hotels,  a 
steam  saw-mill,  a  flouring-mill,  <tc.,  and  printing-offices 
which  issue  a  daily  and  a  weekly  newspaper.  Parker  is 
situated  at  the  base  of  a  bluff  about  300  feet  high,  and  has 
an  iron  bridge  over  the  river,  which  here  flows  through 
picturesque  scenery.     Pop.  in  1890,  1317. 

Parker  Junction,  Pennsylvania.    See  East  Parker. 

Parker's,  a  station  on  the  Manchester  &  North  Weare 
Railroad,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Manchester,  N.IL 
'     Park'ersburg,  a  post-village  in  Richland  co..  111.,  on 
;  the  Grayville  &  Mattoon  Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of  Olney. 

I  It  has  2  churches  and  a  plough-factory. 
Parkersburg,  a  post-hamlet  in  Scott  township,  Mont- 
gomery CO.,  Ind.,  12  miles  S.  of  Crawfordsvillo.     It  has  3 
jjohurehes. 

f  Parkersburg,  a  post-village  in  Albion  township,  But- 
iler  CO.,  Iowa,  on  Eeavor  Creek,  and  on  the  Dubuquo  & 
jSioux  City  Railroad,  118  miles  W.  of  Dubuque.     It  has  a 

(newspaper  office,  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  flour-mill,  a  graded 
tohool,  and  a  money-order  post-office.     Pop.  about  700. 
Parkersburg,  a  post-office  of  Coos  co.,  Oregon. 

Parkersburg,  a  post-office  of  Hardeman  co.,  Tenn. 

Parkersburg,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Wood  co.,  AV.  Va., 
;;?  pleasantly  situated  on  the  Ohio  River,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Little  Kanawha  River,  about  95  miles  below  Wheeling, 
jjnd  12  miles  below  Marietta,  0.  By  railroad  it  is  384 
imilos  W.  of  Baltimore,  and  195  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Cincin- 
jnati.  It  is  a  W.  terminus  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Rail- 
[road,  which  here  connects  with  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati 
^Elailroad.  The  railroad  trains  cross  the  Ohio  River  hero 
)na  noble  bridge,  which  was  erected  in  1809-71  and  cost 
•Bore  than  $1,000,000.  It  is  IJ  miles  long,  has  6  spans  over 
';he  river,  and  numerous  approaching  spans.  Parkersburg 
iiontains  a  court-house,  12  churches,  several  high  schools,  3 
lational  banks,  gas-works,  a  fine  new  building  erected 
.)y  the  United  States  for  a  post-office  and  court-house,  5 
lil-refinorics,  2  large  lumber-mills,  3  iron-foundries,  5  ma- 
f'Wnc-shops,  chemical  works,  2  boilor-sho])s,  and  2  barrel- 
I'actories.  Three  weekly  newspapers  and  2  monthly  papers 
lire  published  here.  The  city  has  an  extensive  trade  in 
jiil  (petroleum),  which  is  procured  in  this  and  adjoining 
fiOunties.     Pop.  in  1880,  6582:  in  1800,  8-108. 

Parker's  Corners,  a  village  of  Gorham  township, 
Cumberland  CO.,  Me.     It  has  a  church. 
.  Parker's    Head,  a   post-hamlet   of  Sagadahoc  co., 
tie.,  on   the   Kennebec  River,   10   miles  S.  of  Bath,  and 

I^Jwut  4  miles  from  the  ocean.     It  has  a  church.     Much  ice 
■|xported  from  this  place. 
HParker's  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Hennepin  co.,  Minn. 
■Bfarker's  Landing,  Pa.    See  Parker  City. 
I  Parker's  Prairie,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of 
I'bter  Tail  co.,  Minn.,  about  20  miles  N.  of  Alexandria, 
'op.  of  Parker's  Prairie  township,  658. 
Parker's  Settlement,  a  post-hamlet  of  Posoy  co., 

i.  10  miles  N.W.  of  Evansville. 
arker's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Scott  eo.,  Mo.,  on 
5t,  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad. 
arker's  Station,  Pennsylvania.   See  East  Parker. 
arker's  Store,  a  post-ofliee  of  Pulaski  co..  Ark. 
arker's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hart  co.,  Ga.,  12 
s  N.  of  llartwell.     It  has  2  churches. 
ark'ersviHe,  a  post-village  in  Parker  township,  Mor- 
».,  Kansas,  on  the  Neosho  division  of  the  Missouri, 
«as  &  Texas  Railroad,  24  miles  S.S.E.  of  Junction  City, 
12  miles  N.W.  of  Council  Grove.     It  has  a  steam  saw- 
ui  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  250. 


Parkersville,  a  post-village  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  1  mile 
from  Pocopson  Station,  which  is  17  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Wil- 
mington, Del.     It  has  a  church. 

Park'erville,  a  post-village  in  Shrewsbury  township, 
Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  1  mile  from  Shrewsbury  Station, 
which  is  40  miles  S.  of  New  York  City.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  about  300. 

Parkerville,  a  hamlet  of  Clark  co.,  Washington,  on 
the  Columbia  River,  40  miles  above  Kalama.  Pop.  35. 
Here  is  Washougal  Post-Office. 

Parkesburg,  parks'burg,  a  post-'village  in  Sadsbury 
township,  Chester  co..  Pa.,  in  Chester  Valley,  and  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railro.ad,  44  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia.  It 
has  iron-works,  a  machine-shop,  a  newspaper  office,  the 
Parkesburg  Institute,  a  b.ank,  and  3  churches.     Pop.  817. 

Parkestowu,  parks'town,  a  hamlet  of  Burlington  co., 
N.J.,  1  mile  from  AVest  Creek  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Park'gate,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  12  miles  N.W. 
of  Chester,  on  the  Dee.  It  has  a  quay  and  many  good 
residences  for  the  accommodation  of  sea-bathers. 

Park  Hall,  or  Park  Hill,  a  post-office  of  St.  Mary's 
CO.,  Md.,  about  66  miles  S.  of  Anna))olig. 

Park'head,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Lanark,  now 
forming  a  part  of  Glasgow.  It  has  many  iron-foundriea 
and  machine-shops. 

Park  Head,  a  post-village  in  Bruce  co.,  Ontario,  15 
miles  W.  of  Owen  Sound.     Pop.  150, 

Park  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dixon  co.,  Neb.,  20  miles 
N.  of  Wisner. 

Park  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Burke  co.,  N.C. 

Park  Hill,  a  market-town  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Middle- 
sex, on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  128  miles  W.of  Toronto. 
It  has  several  churches  and  hotels,  about  30  stores,  and 
manufactories  of  iron  castings,  mill-machinery,  leather, 
musical  instruments,  <tc.,  also  grist-,  saw-,  and  carding- 
mills,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  1500. 

Park'hurst,  a  post-village  in  Lotbiniiire  co.,  Quebec, 
31  miles  S.  of  Quebec.     Pop.  150. 

Park'ins'  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Frederick  co.,  Va., 
5  miles  from  Winchester.  It  has  a  church,  a  flouring-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Park'inson's  Landing,  a  post-village  of  Hardin 
CO.,  III.,  on  the  Ohio  lliver,  25  miles  S.  of  Equality.  It  has 
2  stores. 

Park'man,  a  post-village  in  Parkman  township,  Pis- 
cataquis CO.,  Me.,  about  44  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bangor.  It 
has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1105. 

Parkman,  a  post-village  in  Parkman  township,  Geauga 
CO.,  0.,  on  Grand  River,  about  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cleve- 
land, and  18  miles  N.W.  of  Warren.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
high  school,  a  cheese-factory,  a  flour-mill,  &o.  Pop.  about 
450;  of  the  township,  953. 

Park  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  about 
48  miles  AV.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  3  flour-mills  and  several 
churches. 

Park,  National.  See  Yellowstone  National  Park, 
and  Yosemite  Valley. 

Park  Place,  a  post-office  of  Lee  co..  Ark. 

Park  Place,  a  station  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  A 
Dayton  Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  Cincinnati,  0. 

Park  Place,  a  post-hamlet  of  Snohomish  co.,  AA'^ash- 
ington,  on  the  Skywamish  River,  6  miles  E.  of  Snohomish. 

Park  Range,  Colorado,  a  portion  of  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tain system,  which  trends  nearly  N.  and  S.  It  is  near  Ion. 
106°  AV.,  and  near  the  AV.  border  of  the  South  Park.  Its 
highest  peaks  are  Mount  Lincoln  (14,297  feet),  Quandary 
Peak  (14,269  feet),  and  Buckskin  Mountain  (14,022  feet). 
Gold  occurs  in  many  parts  of  this  range.  The  peaks  are 
singularly  sharp,  and  many  of  them  totally  inaccessible. 
Sedimentary  rocks  are  found  on  the  summits  of  this  range. 
Silver  is  mined  on  Mount  Lincoln. 

Park  Ridge,  a  post-village  in  Maine  township,  Cook 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Cnicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  12  miles 
N.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a 
newspaper  ofiBce,  and  a  brick-yard ;  also  an  artesian  min- 
eral well,  1600  feet  deep.     Pop.  in  1890,  987. 

Park  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  New  Jersey  &  New  York  Railroad,  25  miles  N.  of 
Jersey  City.     It  has  2  churches  and  Park  Ridge  Institute. 

Park's,  a  post-office  of  Scott  oo..  Ark. 

Park's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  in  Leroy  township, 
Boone  co.,  111.,  21  miles  N.E.  of  Rockford,    It  has  a  churcn. 

Park's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Bradford  co..  Pa. 

Park's  Cirove,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mo.,  IB 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Clinton. 

Parks  of  Colorado.  See  Mq>i>i.e  Pabk,  North 
Park,  &o.  _    .    , 


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Park's  Station,  a  post-hamlot  of  Maury  eo.,  Tcnn., 
on  the  Duck  River  Valley  Kailroad,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Co- 
lumbia.    It  has  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Park's  Store,  a  ]>o8t-o(nco  of  Jackson  oo.,  Ala. 

Park's  Store,  a  postt-oRico  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C. 

Park  Station,  a  ytntion  on  the  Los  Angeles  &  Inde- 
pendence Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Park'stone,  a  northeastern  suburb  of  Poolo,  England, 
00.  of  Doriiot,  with  many  fine  villas.     Pop.  1318. 

Parks'ville,  a  nost-village  of  Boyle  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Knoxvillo  IJranch  of  the  Louisville  A  Nashville  Railroad, 
89  miles  S.S.E.  of  Louisville.  It  has  a  church,  and  manu- 
factures of  lumber,  flour,  and  farming- utensils.     Pop.  173. 

Parksville,  Now  Jersey.    See  PAnKviLLE. 

Parksville,  a  post-village  in  Liberty  township,  Sulli- 
van CO.,  N.Y.,  on  tno  Now  York  &  Oswego  Midland  Rail- 
road, 113  miles  N.W.  of  Now  York.  It  has  a  church,  a 
tannery,  a  flour-mill,  a  lumber-mill,  Ac. 

Parksville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  Tenn.,  about  50 
miles  £.  of  Chattanooga. 

Park'ton,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Northern  Central  Railroad,  29  miles  N.  of  Baltimore.  It 
has  a  church  and  4  general  stores. 

Parkur,  par-kfir',  a  peninsula  of  India,  on  the  N.  side 
of  the  Runn  of  Cutch.     Lat.  24°  20'  N.;  Ion.  70°  52'  E. 

Parkuta,  par-koo'tl,  a  town  of  Asia,  in  Bulti,  22  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Iskardoh.     Lat.  35°  3'  N. ;  Ion.  75°  51'  E. 

Park  View,  a  post-oflBce  of  Rio  Arriba  co.,  New 
Mexico. 

Park  View  Monntain,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  in  lat.  40°  19' 12"  N.  and  Ion.  106°  7' 
12"  W.  It  is  on  the  N.  border  of  the  Middle  Park,  and  has 
an  altitude  of  12,433  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Park'vitle,  a  post-office  of  Shasta  co.,  Cal. 

Parkville,  a  post-office  of  Hartford  co.,  Conn.,  on  the 
Hartford,  Providence  A  Fishkill  Railroad,  2  miles  S.W.  of 
Uartford. 

Parkville,  a  post- village  of  Champaign  co..  III.,  on 
the  Wabash  Railroad,  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Champaign.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  seminary,  a  flour- 
mill,  Ac. 

Parkville,  or  Pnrkcville,  a  post-hamlct  of  Parke 
CO.,  Ind.,  2  miles  E.  of  Judson  Station,  and  9  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Rockvillo.     It  has  a  church. 

Parkville,  a  post- village  in  Park  township,  St.  Joseph 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Portage  River,  22  miles  S.  of  Kalamazoo. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill. 

I^rkville,  a  post-village  of  Platte  co.,  M».,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  and  on  the  Kansas  Citj',  St.  Joseph  A  Council 
Blufls  Railroad,  about  22  miles  below  Leavenworth,  and  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Kansas  City.  It  has  3  churches,  a  college, 
end  quarries  of  limestone.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Parkville,  or  Parks'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Gloucester 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Swedesborough  Branch  Railroad,  3  miles 
S.W.  of  Woodbury.  # 

Parkville,  a  post-village  of  Kings  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Flat- 
bush  township,  4  miles  S.  of  Brooklyn.     It  has  4  churches. 

Park'wood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa.,  8  miles 
W.S.AV.  of  Indiana,  and  38  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Pittsburg. 

Paria,  pau'li,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  prov- 
ince and  13  miles  S.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  1097. 

Par'Iey's  Park,  a  post-village  of  Summit  co.,  Utah, 
22  miles  S.  by  AV.  of  Echo  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a 
church,  a  silver-mine,  and  several  silver-mills. 

Par'lin  Pond,  a  post-office  and  plantation  of  Somerset 
CO.,  Me.     Pop.  11. 

Par'low,  a  town  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  on  the  W. 
coast  of  the  island  of  Celebes,  on  a  river  which  flows  into 
Parlow  Bay.     Lat.  1°  S.     It  is  the  residence  of  a  rajah. 

Parma,  par'ma  (L.  and  It.  Parma,  ■pun'mk;  Fr.Parme, 
panm),  a  city  of  Italy,  capital  of  the  province  of  Parma, 
18  situated  on  the  Parma,  an  affluent  of  the  Po,  72  miles 
S.E.  of  Milan.  Lat.  44°  48'  15"  N.;  Ion.  10°  20'  8"  E. 
Pop.  in  1881,  44,492.  It  is  of  a  circular  form,  surrounded 
by  walls,  and  entered  by  5  gates,  and  has  a  glacis  forming 
a  public  promenade.  The  chief  public  edifices  are  a  cathe- 
dral, with  valuable  paintings,  the  palace,  with  a  library  of 
206,000  volumes,  an  academy  of  the  fine  arts,  a  museum  of 
antiquities,  a  botanic  garden,  a  public  library,  and  a  mu- 
sical school.  It  has  a  university,  numerous  scientific  estab- 
lishments, civil  and  military  hospitals,  and  a  school  for 
deaf-mutes.  The  manufactures  comprise  silk  goods,  cottons, 
woollens,  lace,  earthenware,  swords,  cutlery,  glass,  and  musi- 
cal instruments.  The  trade  is  chiefly  in  corn,  silk,  cheese, 
pastry,  wine,  and  salted  provisions.  Parma  is  the  see  of  a 
Dishop.  It  is  said  to  be  of  Etruscan  origin,  but  is  first  spoken 
o^  as  a  Roman  colony. 


Parma,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Emilia,  bounded  S.  by 
the  Apennines  and  N.  by  the  Po.  Area,  1251  square  miles. 
Chief  products,  silk,  cheese,  oil,  wine,  marble,  grain,  and 
fruits.  It  was  a  part  of  the  former  duchy  of  Parma.  Capi- 
tal,  Parma.     Pop.  264,381. 

Par'ma,  a  post-hamlct  of  Pottawattamie  co.,  Iowa,  In 
Centre  township,  about  30  miles  E.  of  Council  Bluffs.  It 
has  a  church. 

Parma,  a  post-village  in  Parma  and  Sandstone  town- 
ships, Jackson  CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Michigan  Central  RniU 
road,  10  miles  W.  of  Jackson,  and  about  35  miles  S.  uf 
Lansing.  It  contains  a  bank,  3  churches,  a  union  school,  1 
or  2  flouring-mills,  a  phining-mill,  and  a  foundry.  Pop. 
about  600  ;  of  Parma  township,  1407. 

Parma,  a  post-village  in  Parma  township,  Monroe  oo., 
N.Y.,  2  wiles  from  Spencerport  Station,  and  about  U)  miles 
AV.N.W.  of  Rochester.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  a 
grist-mill,  a  foundry,  Ac.  The  township  is  boundoj  N.  by 
Lake  Ontario,  and  contains  North  Parma,  on  the  Home, 
Watertown  A  Ogdensburg  Railroad.  Pop.  of  township, 
2903. 

Parma,  a  post-hamlet  in  Parma  township,  Cuyahoga 
CO.,  0.,  about  8  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Cleveland.  The  township 
has  4  churches  and  a  pop.  of  1432. 

Parma  Centre,  a  post-villago  in  Parma  township, 
Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  11  or  12  miles  N.W.  of  Rochester.  It 
has  3  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 

Parmagudi,  par-ml-goo'dee,  or  Parumbnkndi, 
par-4m-bi-koo'dee,  a  town  of  India,  21  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Madura,  with  important  native  manufactures  of  silk  car- 
pets, muslins,  silks,  Ac.     Pop.  6284. 

Par'mele,  a  post-hamlet  of  Martin  co.,  N.C.,  about  15 
miles  E.  of  Tarborough. 

Parm'elee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barry  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Thornapple  township,  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad, 
18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Grand  Riipids.  It  has  a  church,  an 
elevator,  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Parmes^warpoor',  a  town  of  Bengal,  district  and  10 
miles  N.  of  Boglipoor.     Pop.  3621. 

Parmitchie,  par-mitch'ce,  a  post-hamlct  of  Alcorn 
CO.,  Miss.,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Corinth.  It  has  a  nursery,  and 
manufactures  of  ploughs,  wagons,  Ac 

Parm'leysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Ky.,! 
100  miles  S.  of  Lexington.     It  has  a  church  and  a  mill.      I 

Parnac,  pan'nik',  a  village  of  France,  in  Indre,  22i 
miles  S.E.  of  Le  Blanc.     Pop.  1404. 

Parnatiiba,  pan-ni-eo'bi,  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  neorj 
lat.  11°  S.,  Ion.  47°  W.,  flows  N.N.E.,  separating  the  state 
of  Piauhy  and  Jtaranhao,  and  enters  the  Atlantic  by  scvernl 
mouths  about  Int.  2°  50'  S.,  Ion.  41°  35'  W.  Totiil  course! 
estimated  at  750  miles.  It  drains  the  whole  state  of  l'iauliy,i 
its  chief  afiluents  from  the  S.  and  E.  being  the  Urncabi.i 
Piauhy,  Poti,  and  Goroguca;  from  the  W.  it  receives  the! 
Bal;us.  Parnahiba,  near  its  mouth,  is  the  chief  of  the; 
towns  on  its  banks.     See  also  Paranahiba.  1 

Parnahiba,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Piauhy,  on  tbei 
E.  bank  of  the  Parnahiba,  near  its  mouth.  It  is  an  cn-| 
trepotfor  cotton  and  leather.  j 

Parnahiba,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  43  miles  W. 
of  Sao  Pnulo,  on  the  river  Tiete. 

Parnas'sus,  or  Liakhura,  le-a-Koo'ra,  a  famous 
mountain  of  Greece,  in  Phocis,  its  culminating  point  in 
lat.  38°  35'  N.,  Ion.  22°  27'  E.,  8068  feet  above  the  sea. 
Between  this  and  an  adjacent  peak  is  a  renowned  rivulet, 
known  in  antiquity  as  the  Castalian  Fountain,  and  on  the 
S.  declivity  of  the  mountain  is  the  Corycian  Cave,  a  stnl- 
actitic  grotto,  330  feet  in  length  by  nearly  200  in  width. 
The  summit  of  Parnassus  commands  a  magnificent  view, 
comprising  nearly  all  Hellas,  the  Corinthian  Gulf,  and  th»j 
N.  part  of  the  Morea.  ! 

Parnas'sus,  a  post-village  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the  Alleghany  Valley  Rail- 
road, 17  miles  E.N.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a  bank,  an 
academy,  4  churches,  a  planing-mill,  Ac. 

Parnassus,  a  post-office  of  Marlborough  co.,  S.C,  17 
miles  E.  of  Society  Hill. 

Parnassus,  a  post-hamlet  of  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  12i 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Staunton,  It  has  a  church  and  a  chair- 
factory,  j 

Par'nell',  a  suburb  of  Auckland,  in  New  Zealaiid.| 
Pop.,  with  Newton,  8815. 

Par^nell',  a  hamlet  of  Atchison  co.,  Kansas,  6  miles 
S.AV.  of  Atchison,  at  the  junction  of  the  Atchison,  Topeka 
A  Santa  F6  and  Central  Branch  Union  Pacific  Railroads. 

Parnes,  par'nfiz,  or  Nozea,  no-zee'i,  a  mountain  of 
Greece,  16  miles  N.  of  Athens.     Height,  4640  feet. 

Paro,  a  large  river  of  Peru.    See  Ucayale. 


PAR 


2117 


PAS 


Paro»  a  town  on  the  island  of  Paros.    See  Parechia. 

Paro,  pl'ro,  a  town  of  Bootan,  12  miles  SAY.  of  Tas- 
lisudon.     It  has  manufactures  of  images  and  arms. 

Paroetonium,  the  ancient  name  of  IJAKETOoy. 

Parola,  or  Parolah,  pi-ro'll,  a  town  of  India,  pres- 
idency of  Bombay,  44  miles  E.N.E.  of  Gaulna.     P.  12,168, 

Paroo  (or  Paru)  Khas^  piV-roo'  kis,  a  town  of  Ben- 
gol,  district  and  20  miles  W.  of  Mozufferpoor.     Pop.  3522. 

Paropamisan  (piVo-pi-me-sin')  Mountains,  in 
Afghanistan  and  East  Persia,  cover  an  extent  of  350  miles 
in  length  from  E.  to  W.  by  200  miles  from  N.  to  S.,  sepa- 
rate the  Deserts  of  Yezd  and  Toorl<istan,  and  are  connected 
B.  with  the  Hindoo-Koosh,  and  W,  with  the  Elbrooz  Moun- 
tains, S.  of  the  Caspian  Sea.  They  are  inhabited  by 
Bimauks,  Huzarehs,  and  other  tribes,  whose  chief  resource 
f^  in  their  flocks  and  herds.     See  also  IIindoo-Koosh. 

Pa'ros,  a  fertile  island  of  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  5 
jniles  W.  of  Naxos,  with  which,  and  many  smaller  islands, 
{t  forms  the  governments  of  Naxos  and  Paros.  Lat.  of 
Mount  St.  Elias,  37°  N.,  Ion.  25°  11'  E.  Area,  100  square 
iniles.  Pop.  6000.  It  produces  corn,  wine,  oil,  cotton,  and 
marble  of  the  finest  quality.  The  quarries  are  about  4 
miled  E.  of  the  chief  town,  Parechia.     Port  Nassau,  on  the 

N.  side,  is  one  of  the  best  harbors  in  the  archipelago. 

Adj.  Parian,  pd're-an.    One  and  a  half  miles  W.  is  the 
islet  of  Anti  PAROS. 

Parowan,  pi'ro-win,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Iron 
CO.,  Utah,  is  about  200  miles  in  a  direct  line  S.  by  W.  of 
Salt  Lake  City.  It  has  a  church,  2  tanneries,  a  flour-mill, 
and  several  saw-mills.  Iron,  coal,  and  silver  are  said  to  be 
found  here.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Parral,  par-ril',  a  town  of  Chili,  province  and  30 
miles  S.  of  Linares.     Pop.  5448. 

Par'ramore  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Scriven  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia,  74  miles  N.AV.  of  Savannah. 

Parras,  pan'Ris,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Durango, 
32  miles  E.  of  Mapimi,  noted  for  its  wines  and  brandies, 

Parrauntage,  par-rawn'taj,  Purantej,  or  Pran- 
tej,  p'r3,n'tej,  a  town  of  India,  district  and  30  miles  N.  of 
Ahmedabad,  on  the  Sabermuttee.  Pop.  8341. 
I  Par'ret,  a  river  of  England,  rises  near  Beaminster, 
Dorset,  flows  N.  and  N.W.  through  Somerset,  and  enters 
Bridgewater  Bay.  Length,  40  miles.  It  is  navigable  for 
vessels  of  200  tons. 

Par'rish,  a  post-oflSce  of  Franklin  co.,  111.,  about  25 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Duquoin. 

Parrish,  a  post-office  of  Des  Moines  co.,  Iowa,  about 
12  miles  W.  of  Burlington. 

,  Par'rott,  a  post-village  of  La  Plata  co.,  Col.,  on  the 
1  Rio  la  Plata,  50  miles  S.S.W.  of  Silverton.  It  is  surrounded 
by  high  mountains,  and  has  about  100  houses,  and  rich 
mines  of  gold  and  silver.     Elevation,  8611  feet. 

Par'rottsville,  a  post-village  of  Cocke  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  French  Broad  River,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Newport,  and 
'about  45  miles  E.  of  Knoxville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  semi- 
■  nary,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  100. 

Parrsboroughjparz'bur-riih,  a  seaport  town  and  port 
of  entry  of  Nova  Scotia,  co.  of  Cumberland,  on  a  strait 
!  connecting  Minas  Basin  with  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  23  miles 
iS.AV.  of  Athol.  It  contains  about  20  stores,  4  hotels,  a  tan- 
fnery,  and  saw-  and  grist-mills,  and  has  a  considerable  trade 
in  lumber  and  shipping.     Pop.  800. 

Par'ry,  or  Mauki,  mriw'kee,  an  island  in  the  South 
Pacific  Ocean.  Lat.  20°  7'  S.;  Ion.  157°  11'  W.  It  is  2 
miles  in  diameter. 

Par'ry,  a  station  on  the  Cincinnati,  Richmond  A  Fort 
^Yayne  Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of  Richmond,  Ind. 

Parry  Island,  Beaufort  co.,  N.C.    See  Paris  Island. 

Parry  Islands,  Arctic  Ocean,  is  a  name  often  applied 
to  the  small  islands  N.  of  Melville  and  Bathurst. 

Parry  Islands,  a  number  of  small  islands  forming 
■ha  N.  cluster  of  the  Bonin  Islands,  in  the  Pacific. 

Parry  Sound,  a  district  in  the  N.  part  of  Ontario,  on 
he  E.  shore  of  Georgian  Bay,  comprises  an  area  of  2,188,580 
icres.     Pop.  1519. 

Parry  Sound,  a  post-village  of  Ontario,  on  Parry 
?ound,  an  inlet  of  Georgian  Bay,  70  miles  N.E.  of  Colling- 
vood.     Pop.  1052. 

Par'ryville,  a  post-village  of  Carbon  oo..  Pa.,  on  the 
-■chigh  River,  and  on  the  Lehigh  &  Susquehanna  and  Lehigh 
.'alley  Railroads,  6  miles  below  Mauch  Chunk.  Hero  are 
cveral  blast-furnaces.     Pop.  in  1890,  605. 

Par'sa,  a  town  of  Bengal,  Sarun  district,  50  miles  N.W. 
'f  Patna.     Pop.  4932. 

Par'shall  ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  Mich., 
bout  42  miles  E.  of  Lansing.     It  has  2  churches. 

Parsippany,  Morris  co.,  N.J.    See  Parcippant. 


Par'sonburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wicomico  co.,  Md.,  o7>r, 
the  Wicomico  &  Pocomoko  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Sails- s 
bury.     It  has  a  church  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Par'sonfield,  a  post-hamlet  in  Parsonfield  township, 
York  CO.,  Me.,  about  38  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Portland.  It 
has  2  churches.  The  township  contains  also  a  village 
named  East  Parsonfield,  and  a  pop.  of  1894. 

Par'sons,  a  post-town  of  Labette  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Missouri,  Kansas  <fc  Texas  Railroad,  at  the  S.E.  terminus 
of  the  Neosho  division  of  the  same,  and  also  on  the 
Memphis,  Kansas  <fc  Colorado  Railroad,  48  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Fort  Scott,  35  miles  S.S.E.  of  Humboldt,  and  32  miles  N.E, 
of  Independence.  It  has  5  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  2  school-buildings  costing 
each  $15,000,  manufactures  of  furniture  and  ploughs,  and 
machine-shops  of  the  railroad.     Pop.  in  1890,  6736. 

Parsons,  a  post-village  in  Plains  township,  Luzerne 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  2  miles 
N.E.  of  AVilkesbarre.  It  has  3  or  4  churches  and  several 
collieries.     Pop.  about  1500. 

Parson's  Creek,  township,  Linn  co.,  Mo.    P.  1118. 

Parsonstown,  a  town  of  Ireland.    See  Birr. 

Partanna,  par-tdn'ni,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  and 
19  miles  S.E.  of  Trapani.     Pop.  of  commune,  12,467. 

Partel'lo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.,  about 
32  miles  S.W.  of  Lansing. 

Partenheim,  paR't?n-hime%  a  town  of  Ilesse,  in 
Rhein-Hessen,  circle  of  Alzey.     Pop.  1080. 

Partenico,  pan-tfin'e-ko,  or  Partinico,  paR-tee'- 
ne-ko,  a  city  of  Italy,  in  Sicily,  14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Pa- 
lermo. Pop.  20,154.  It  exports  wine  and  oil,  and  had 
manufactures  of  woollen  and  silk  fabrics. 

Parthenay,  paRH§h-n4',  a  town  of  France,  in  Deux- 
SSvres,  on  the  Thouet,  24  miles  N.N.E.  of  Niort.  It  has  a 
hospital  and  a  town  hall,  also  manufactures  of  cloth,  leather, 
porcelain,  and  farina.      Pop.  4212. 

Parthenope,  an  ancient  name  of  Naples. 

Par'tick,  a  borough  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Lanark,  on  the 
Kelvin,  near  its  confluence  with  the  Clyde,  2  miles  N.W. 
of  Glasgow.  Pop.  23,904.  It  has  extensive  flour-mills, 
and  yards  for  building  iron  ships,  also  an  academy  and  a 
great  hospital. 

Partinico,  a  city  of  Italy.    See  Partenico. 

Part'lOAV's,  a  post-office  of  Spottsylvania  co.,  Va., 
about  44  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Richmond. 

Par'tridge,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ala. 

Partridge,  a  township  of  Woodford  co.,  III.    Pop.  39&. 

Partridge,  a  post-office  of  Letcher  co.,  Ky. 

Partridge  Island,  New  Brunswick,  is  in  St.  John 
harbor,  S.  of  St.  John.  It  is  a  quarantine  station,  and  has 
a  light-house  and  fog-horn. 

Partridge  Island,  a  village  and  headland  of  Nova 
Scotia,  CO.  of  Cumberland.     Pop.  of  village,  100. 

Partschendorf,  paRt'sh^n-donr  (Aloravian,  Bnrtoa- 
sowice,  bar-tos-so-veet'sd),  a  town  of  Moravia,  38  miles  E. 
of  Olmutz.     Pop.  1740, 

Paru,  pi-roo',  a  river  of  Brazil,  joins  the  Amazon  280 
miles  W.  of  Pari,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  350  miles. 

Paru  Khas,  a  town  of  Bengal.    See  Paroo  Khas. 

Paruro,  pi-roo'ro,  a  town  of  Peru,  18  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Cuzco,  on  the  Apurimac.     • 

Parvich,  pan'viK,  or  Parvichio,  par-vee'kee-o,  an 
island  of  Dalmatia,  in  the  Gulf  of  Quarnero,  7  miles  S.W. 
of  Zeng.     Length,  4  miles. 

Parys,  par'js,  a  mountain  of  Wales,  on  the  N.  side  of 
Anglesey,  S.  of  the  town  of  Amlwch,  which  owes  its  pros- 
perity to  the  copper-mines  of  the  mountain. 

Pas^ade'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Los  Angeles  co.,  Cal.,  in 
San  Gabriel  Valley,  3i  miles  from  San  Gabriel  Railroad 
Station.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  4882. 

Pasages,  or  Pasiy^s,  pi-si'H^s,  a  town  and  port  of 
Spain,  in  Guipuzcoa,  3  miles  E.  of  St.  Sebastian,  on  the 
Bay  of  Biscay.     Pop.  921. 

Fasargada,  or  Pasargadae.    See  MooRonAUB, 

Pasaron,  pi-si-rOn",  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura, 
province  and  N.E.  of  Caceres.     Pop.  1379. 

Pasay,  pd-si',  a  town  of  Sumatra,  on  its  N.  coast,  about 
140  miles  E.S.E.  of  Achcen.     It  has  a  good  harbor. 

Pascack,  Bergen  co.,  N.J.    See  Paskack. 

Pascagoula,  pas-ka-goo'l.a,  a  navigable  river  of  Mis- 
sissippi, is  formed  by  the  Chickasawha  and  Leaf  Rivers, 
which  unite  in  the  S.  part  of  Greene  co.  It  runs  south- 
ward through  Jackson  co.,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of  Mexico 
after  a  course  of  nearly  85  miles.  At  its  mouth  is  a  small 
bay,  called  Pascagoula  Bay. 

Pascagoula,  a  post-village,  port  of  entry,  and  summer 
resort  of  Jackson   co.,  Miss,,  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  at 


BAS 


2118 


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PAS 


MKgoula  River,  and  on  the  Now  Orlenng 
io  milei  S.W.  of  Mobile,  and  H  miles 
iunty  town.  It  haa  a  new8pa]>or  office, 
16  saw-millB,  a  grist-mill,  a  foundry, 
\  qaontiCies  of  pino  lumber  are  shipped 

y,  of  the  Oulf  of  Mexico,  is  situated 
of  Mississippi,  and  at  the  mouth  of 
-a-^^ir  niver.  Low,  narrow  islands  separate  it  from 
the  gulf. 

Pascha,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Pasra. 

Paschallf  pas'kal,  a  village  on  the  Philadelphia,  Wil- 
mington A  Baltimore  Kailroiul,  5  milei  S.W.  of  Philadel>- 
pbia,  Pa. 

Pnschcndaole,  p&sK'f  n-dHM^h,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in 
AVest  Flanders,  6i  miles  N.E.  of  Ypres.     Pop.  3200. 

Pasco,  a  town  of  Peru.    See  Cekro  i)e  Pasco. 

Pascoag,  p&s-kSg',  a  post-village  in  Burrillville  town- 
ship. Providence  co.,  R.I.,  on  the  Providence  &  Spring- 
field Railroad,  23  miles  W.N.W.  of  Providence.  It  has  a 
national  bank,  several  woollon-mills,  a  savings-bank,  2 
churches,  and  a  machine-shop. 

Pnscunro,  pis-kw/l'ro,  written  also  Pasqiiaro  and 
Pntzqunro,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Miohoaoan,  28 
miles  S.W.  of  Morolia,  on  the  S.E.  bank  of  the  Lake  of 
Poscuaro.     Pop.  6000,  partly  employed  in  copper-mines. 

PaS'de- Calais,  p^-d^h-kftMi',  a  department  in  the 
N.E. of  France,  formedof  parts  of  theoIdprovinoesofArtois, 
Pioardy,  and  Fhindore,  on  the  English  Channel  and  Strait 
of  Dover  (Pas-de-Calais),  between  the  departments  of  Nord 
and  Somme.  Area,  2505  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1891, 
874,364.  The  surface  is  traversed  from  S.E.  to  N.W.  by  a 
chain  of  hills,  which  separate  the  basin  of  the  North  Sea 
from  that  of  the  Channel,  and  give  rise  to  numerous 
rivers,  the  chief  of  which  are  the  Scarpe  and  Lys,  the  Aa, 
and  the  Canche :  these  are  all  navigable  and  connected  by 
canals.  The  department  has  several  harbors,  the  chief  of 
which  are  Calais  and  Boulogne.  Commerce  is  also  facili- 
tated by  many  railway  lines.  The  soil,  rich  in  coal  and 
turf,  is  marshy  in  some  parts,  but  is  generally  fertile  in 
wheat,  hemp,  lint,  tobacco,  and  oleaginous  plants.  Manu- 
facturing industry  is  very  active  in  producing  beet  sugar, 
linen,  thread,  cotton,  lace,  woollens,  paper,  pottery-ware, 
and  leather.  The  department  is  divided  into  the  arron- 
dissements  of  Arras  (the  capital),  B6thune,  Boulogne,  Saint- 
Pol,  Montreuil,  and  Saint-Omer.     See  Stiiait  op  Dovkr. 

Pnsewalk,  pa,'z?h-<v-4lk\  or  Passewalk,  pis's^h- 
^ilk',  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  25  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Stettin,  on  the  Ucker.  Pop.  8538.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls, 
and  has  woollen-cloth-  and  leather-factories. 

Pasha,  Pascha,  or  Pacha,  pi'shft,  a  river  of  Rus- 
sia, rises  in  the  government  of  Novgorod,  and  joins  the 
Sveer,  after  a  course  of  130  miles. 

Pa^shan',  a  post-offlce  of  La  Grange  co.,  Ind. 

Pasig,  pi^seeo',  a  rivcrof  the  Philippines,  in  the  island 
of  Luzon,  issues  by  several  branches  from  Lake  Bay,  flows 
W.,  and  falls  into  the  bay  immediately  below  the  towa  of 
Manila,  after  a  course  of  18  miles. 

Pasig,  a  town  of  the  Philippines,  in  the  island  of 
Luzon,  on  the  Pasig,  E.  of  Manila.     Pop.  16,440. 

Pasijaii,  or  Pasigan,  pd  se-Hin',  two  of  the  smaller 
Philippine  Islands,  between  the  islands  of  Leyte  and  Zebu. 

Pas'kack,  or  Pas'cack,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bergen  co., 
N.J.,  on  the  New  Jersey  &  New  York  Railroad,  24  miles  N. 
of  Jersey  City.     It  haa  2  churches  near  it. 

Paskenta,  p&s-k6n'ti,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tehama  co., 
Cal.,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Tehama.     Pop.  of  township,  356. 

Pasman,  p&s-min',  an  island  of  Dalmatia,  G  miles  S. 
of  Zara,  in  the  Adriatic.  Length,  15  miles;  breadth,  3i 
miles.     Principal  products,  oil  and  wine. 

Paso  del  Norte,  Mexico.    See  El  Paso  del  Norte. 

Paso  de  O  vejas,  pi'so  di  o-vi'nils,  is  on  the  road  lead- 
ing from  Vera  Cruz  to  the  city  of  Mexico,  about  35  miles 
N.W.  of  the  former. 

Paso,  El,  a  village  of  the  Canaries.    See  El  Paso. 

Paso  Kobles,  pi'so  ro'blAs,  a  post-village  of  San  Luis 
Obispo  CO.,  Cal.,  200  miles  S.S.E.  of  San  Francisco.  It  has 
hot  springs. 

Paspaya,  pis-pl'i,  a  river  of  Bolivia,  rises  W.  of  Po- 
tosi.  flows  S.E.,  and  joins  the  Pilcomayo.    Length,  200  miles. 

Pas'pebiac',  a  post-village  in  Bonaventure  co.,  Que- 
bec, on  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  68  miles  S.W.  of  Perc6.  It 
has  extensive  fisheries,  a  hotel,  2  churches,  and  4  stores. 

Pasquaro,  a  town  of  Mexico.     See  Pascuaro. 

Pas'quotank,  a  river  of  North  Carolina,  rises  in  the 
Dismal  Swamp,  runs  southeastward,  forms  the  boundary 
between  the  cos.  of  Camden  and  Pasquotank,  and  enters 


Albemarle  Sound.     Boats  can  pass  fVom  this  river  through 
the  Dismal  Swamp  Canal  into  Chesapeake  Bay. 

Pasquotank,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  North  Caro-j 
lina,  has  an  area  of  about  200  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.E.  by  the  Pasquotank  River,  and  on  the  8.  by 
Albemarle  Sound.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  a  large 
part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  Ac.  The  soil  is 
partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  cotton,  and  pork  are  the  utaple 
products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Norfolk  4 
Southern  Railroad.  Ciipital,  Elizabeth  City,  Pop.  in  1870 
8131;  in  IS.SO,  10,.Sfl!»;  in  1890,  10,748.  ' 

Pas  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Peoria  co.,  HI.,  about  14 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Peoria.     It  has  1  or  2  churches. 

Passa  Cavallo,  Texas.    See  Passo  Caiiai.i.o. 

Pas^sacon'away,  a  mountain  of  New  Hampshire, 
near  the  boundary  between  Carroll  and  Grafton  cos.  It  it 
the  highest  ])oak  of  the  Sandwich  group,  and  has  an  alti- 
tude of  4200  feet. 

Pa88adum'keag,a  post-village  and  township  of  Pen- 
obscot CO.,  Me.,  on  the  Penobscot  River,  and  on  the  Euro 
pean  A  North  American  Railroad,  30  miles  N.  of  Biingor. 
It  has  manufactures  of  lumber  and  barrels.     Pop.  243. 

Pas'sage,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  6  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Waterford,  on  the  estuary  of  the  Suir.  Pop.  729.  It  is 
built  on  a  rocky  height,  and  has  a  pier  and  a  block-house. 

Passage,  Le,  a  village  of  France.    See  Le  Passaok. 

Passage  Fort,  Jamaica,  is  on  Hunt  Bay,  6  miles  K 
of  Spanish  Town. 

Passage  Island,  West  Indies.     See  Culebra. 

Passage  (or  Karakita)  Islands,  two  groups  of  the 
Malay  Archipelago,  one  off  the  W.  coast  of  Sumatra,  near 
hit.  2°  30'  N.,  the  other  between  Celebes  and  Sangir. 

Passage  West,  a  seaport  town  of  Irelaml,  co.  and  7i 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Cork,  on  the  estuary  of  the  Lee,  opposite 
Great  Island.  Pop.  2389.  It  has  a  quay,  a  dock-yard,  and 
many  bathing-houses. 

Passa'ic,  a  river  of  New  Jersey,  rises  in  Morris  co., 
runs  northeastward,  and  forms  the  boundary  between  Essex 
CO.  on  the  right  and  Morris  co.  on  the  left.  It  intersects 
Passaic  co.,  and  passes  by  the  city  of  Paterson,  where  it  fnlls 
70  feet  and  forms  a  cataract  the  vertical  height  of  which  i 
is  50  feet  or  more.  Below  this  city  it  runs  southward,  and' 
enters  Newark  Bay  3  miles  below  Newark.  It  is  nearly  100) 
miles  long.  The  largest  towns  on  its  banks  are  Newark  and  | 
Paterson.     It  afibrds  abundant  water-power.  j 

Passaic,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  New  Jersey,  bor- 
ders on  New  York.     Area,  about  200  square  miles.     It  is 
intersected  by  the   Passaic  and  Ramapo   Rivers,  .and  also, 
drained  by  the  Pequannoek  River.    The  Passaic  fonns  part ' 
of  its  E.  boundary.     The  surface  is  partly  mountainous,  j 
The  soil  produces  hay,  Indian  corn,   potatoes,  Ac.     The  i 
prosperity  of  the  county  is  chiefly  derived  from  extensive 
manufactures  of  machinery,  silk  goods,  iron,  and  other  arti-  ■ 
cles.    Among  its  minerals  are  iron  ore  and  limestone.    This 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Morris  Canal,  the  New  York, 
Erie  &   Western   Railroad,  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  & 
Western  Railroad,  the  New  York,  Susquehanna  &  Western 
Railroad,  and  the  New  York  <fe  Greenwood  Lake  Railroad. 
Capital,  Paterson.     Pop.  in  1870,  46,416;  in  1880,  68,860; 
in  1890,  105,046. 

Passaic,  a  township  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.     Pop.  1624. 

Passaic,  a  city  of  Passaic  co.,  N.J.,  pleasantly  situ- 
ated on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  in  Acquackanonok  town- 
ship, on  the  Erie  Railroad,  and  on  the  Boonton  Branch  of 
the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  1 1  miles 
N.W.  of  Jersey  City,  and  5  miles  S.S.E.  of  Paterson.  It 
contains  a  city  hall,  9  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  fine 
school-houses,  2  extensive  print-works,  a  woollen-mill,  a 
bleachery,  a  shoddy-mill,  a  whip-factory,  a  manufactory  of 
blankets,  and  4  hotels.     Pop.  in  1890,  13,028. 

Pas'samaquod'dy  Bay  is  part  of  the  boundary  be- 
tween Maine  and  New  Brunswick,  and  is  at  the  mouth  of 
the  St.  Croix  River.  It  is  landlocked,  and  affords  good 
harbors.  It  encloses  numerous  islands.  The  tide  here 
rises  about  25  feet. 

Passama'ri  Creek,  or  Stinking  Water,  Mc*- 
tana,  rises  in  Madison  co.,  and  runs  in  a  N.N.W.  direction 
through  a  mountainous  country.  About  20  miles  N.W.  of 
Virginia  City  it  unites  with  the  Beaver  Head  River.  Be- 
tween Passamari  Creek  and  the  Madison  River  is  a  long 
range  of  mountains  about  9000  feet  high.  This  creek  is 
nearly  100  miles  long.     Its  valley  is  fertile. 

Passariano,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Passkriano. 

Passarowan,  Passaroean,  Passaroewung,  or 
Passarouang.    See  Passoeroean. 

Passarowitz,  pis-8i'ro-<tits\  or  Poscharcwati, 
a  town  of  Servia,  13  miles  E.S.E.  of  Semendria.    A  famoui 


PAS 


2119 


PAT 


treaty  of  peace  was  concluded  here  between  the  Imperialists 
Mid  the  Turks,  July  21,  1718.     Pop.  7829. 

Passau,  pls'sow  (anc.  Bata'va  Cat'tra),  a  fortified 
town  of  Bavaria,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Inn  and  Danube, 
92  miles  E.N.E.  of  Munich.  Pop.  14,752.  It  is  situated 
in  a  picturesque  defile,  and  separated  into  three  parts  by 
the  rivers  which  traverse  it.  The  chief  edifices  are  the 
cathedral,  the  church  of  St.  Paul,  and  the  old  abbey  of  St. 
Nicholas.  It  has  manufactures  of  tobacco  and  porcelain, 
breweries,  and  tanneries.  The  treaty  of  Passau,  concluded 
in  1552,  conferred  religious  liberty  on  the  Protestants. 

Passchendaele,  Belgium.     See  Paschendaele. 

Pass  Chris'tian,  a  post- village  of  Harrison  co..  Miss., 
is  on  Mississippi  Sound  (a  part  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico),  and 
on  the  New  Orleans  &  Mobile  Railroad,  58  miles  E.N.E.  of 
New  Orleans,  and  82  miles  W.S.W.  of  Mobile.  Here  is  the 
Pass  Christian  College  (Catholic).     Pon.  in  1890,  1705. 

Passe,  a  village  of  Brazil.     See  Muritiba. 

Passek,  pds'sSk,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  4  miles  from 
nochstadt.     Pop.  1516. 

Passek,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Moravia,  9  miles  from 
Littau.     Pop.  1100. 

Passekeag,  pass-keeg',  a  post-village  in  Kings  co., 
New  Brunswick,  26  miles  from  St.  John.     Pop.  150. 

Passenheim,  pAs's^n-hime',  or  Passymek,  pis'se- 
m8k\  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  21  miles  E.N.E.  of  Uohen- 
gtein.    Pop.  1909. 

Passeriano,pis-si-re-i'no,  or  Passariano,p&s-8^- 
re-i'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  13  miles  S.W.  of 
Udine.     Pop.  3025. 

Passewalk,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Pasewalk. 

Passignano,  pS.s-seen-yi'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  14  miles  N.W.  of  Perugia,  on  the  N.E.  shore  of 
the  Lake  of  Perugia.  Near  it  was  fought  the  famous  battle 
of  Thrasymene,  B.C.  217.     Pop.  of  commune,  3176. 

Pass  Island,  an  island  at  the  entrance  to  Hermitage 
Bay,  Newfoundland,  16  miles  from  Harbor  Briton.    P.  160. 

Pass  Manchac,  man'shak,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tangipa- 
hoa parish.  La.,  near  Lake  Pontchartrain,  on  the  New  Or- 
leans, St.  Louis  ifc  Chicago  Railroad,  37  miles  N.N.AV.  of 
New  Orleans.  It  has  manufactures  of  cypress  shingles  and 
Spanish  moss.     Many  fish  are  caught  here. 

Pass  Mountain,  Colorado,  a  peak  in  lat,  39°  3'  26" 
N,,  Ion.  105°  31'  20"  W.  It  has  an  altitude  of  11,200  ffeet 
above  the  sea-level. 

Passo  Caballo,  p&s'so  ki-bil'yo,  in  Texas,  is  the  en- 
trance to  Matagorda  Bay,  80  miles  S.W.  of  the  mouth  of 
the  Brazos. 

Passo  del  Norte,  Mexico,    See  Ei,  Paso  del  Norte. 

Passo  do  Lumiar,  pis'so  do  loo-me-aR',  a  town  of 
Brazil,  on  the  island  and  20  miles  E.  of  Maranhao. 

Passoeroean,  pis'soo-roo-in',  written  also  Passa^ 
roean,  Passaroewang,  Passarowan,  Passoo« 
rooaii,  Passourouau,  Passuruan,  Pasuruan,or 
Rassarouang,  a  province  in  the  E.  end  of  the  island  of 
Java,  about  68  miles  long  from  N.  to  S.,  and  40  miles 
broad.    Pop.  641,731. 

Passoeroean,  a  town  of  Java,  capital  of  the  above 
province,  on  the  Strait  of  Madura,  about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Soerabaya,  is  intersected  by  a  river. 

Pass^patan'sy,  a  post-ofiice  of  King  George  cq.,  Va. 

Passump'sic,  a  river  of  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  falls  into, 
the  Connecticut. 

Passuinpsic,  a  post-village  of  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Barnet  township,  on  the  Passumpsic  River,  and  on  the  Pas- 
Bumpsie  Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of  St.  Johnsbury.  It  haa  a 
tannery,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  rake-factory. 

Passuruan,  Java.    See  Passoeuoeax. 

Passy,  pds^soe',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine,  and  one  of 
the  western  suburbs  of  Paris,  within  the  fortifications,  7 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Saint-Donis.  Pop.  17,594.  It  has  an 
earthenware-manufactory  and  a  sugar-refinery. 

Passy,  a  village  of  France,  in  Upper  Savoy,  3  miles 
N.AV.  of  Saint-Gcrvais.     Pop.  1888. 

Passymek,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Passenheim. 

Pastaza,  or  Pasta^a,  pis-tH'si,  a  river  of  Ecuador, 
rises  in  the  Andes,  and,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  400  miles, 
joins  the  Amazon  25  miles  W.  of  the  influx  of  the  lluallaga. 

Pastena,  pis-ti'nJ,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Ca- 
Berta,  N.  of  Gaeta.    Pop.  2567. 

Pasto,  pls'to,  a  town  of  Ecuador,  in  the  table-land  of 
the  Andes,  department  of  Cauca,  148  miles  N.N.B.  of  Quito. 
Pop.  7000.  It  is  built  at  the  foot  of  a  volcano,  is  8577  feet 
above  the  ocean,  and  is  in  the  line  of  the  great  Pass  from 
Popayan  to  Quito. 

Pasto'ria,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co..  Ark. 

Pantos,  Los,.South  America.    See  Ande^ 


Pastos-Bons,  pis'tos-b6s»,  a  town  of  Brazil,  std^', 
of  Maranhao,  292  miles  S.S.W.  of  Sao  Luiz,  between  thb 
Parnahiba  and  Itapicuru  Grande. 

Pastrana,  p3,s-trS,*ni.,  a  town  of  Spain,  14  miles  S.E. 
of  Guadalajara.     Pop.  2308.     It  has  manufactures  of  silks. 

Pasuruan,  a  town  of  Java.    See  Passoeroean. 

Paszto,  p&ss'to,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  lleves,  on 
the  Zagyva,  41  miles  N.E.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  4524. 

Pata,  poh'toh^,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Heves,  6 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Gyongyos.     Pop.  2448. 

Pata,  pi'tS,,  an  island  of  the  Eastern  Archipelago,  S. 
of  Sooloo,,in  lat.  5°  48'  N.,  Ion.  121°  11'  E. 

Pata,  a  town  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  island  of  Luzon. 

Pata,  an  island  and  town  of  Africa.     See  Patta. 

Patagones,  Argentine  Republic.    See  Carme.v. 

Patagonia,  pi-ti-go'ne-a  (Fr.  Patagonie,  pdHi'go*- 
nee' ;  Gcr.  Patayonien,  pi-t3,-go'ne-?n),  an  extensive  re- 
gion comprising  the  S.  extremity  of  South  America,  from  lat. 
38°  54'  S.  to  the  Strait  of  Magellan.  Length,  HOC  miles. 
The  possession  of  this  territory  was  long  in  dispute  between 
the  Argentine  Republic  and  Chili,  but  by  treaty  of  1881  the 
latter  recognized  the  right  of  the  former  to  all  the  country 
east  of  the  crest  of  the  eastern  ridge  of  the  Andes,  com- 
prising most  of  Patagonia  and  including  the  eastern  coast 
of  Terra  del  Fuego.  The  principal  Chilian  settlement  in 
Patagonia  is  at  Punta  Arenas,  in  the  colony  of  Magellanes ; 
and  the  chief  Argentine  town  is  Chupat.  Patagonia  has 
been  little  explored.  The  AV.  coast  is  greatly  indented,  and 
bordered  by  the  Andes,  which  here  rise  generally  to  between 
3000  and  6000  feet.  The  surface  in  the  E.  is  a  series 
of  terraces,  extending  over  700  miles,  composed  of  tertiary 
sandstone,  with  marine  shells,  clay,  earth,  and  gravel,  arid 
and  sterile  ;  the  W,  coast  is  subject  to  excessive  rains,  and 
it  is  only  along  the  Rio  Negro,  on  its  N.  border,  that  wheat, 
maize,  and  pulse  are  cultivated.  Guanacos,  pumas,  foxes, 
and  great  numbers  of  vizcachas  arc  the  principal  quadru- 
peds. The  condor,  hawks,  vultures,  American  ostriches, 
and  a  few  others,  are  among  the  more  abundant  birds. 
Fish  are  plentiful  on  the  coasts.  The  Indians  who  are 
thinly  scattered  over  this  region  are  remarkable  for  their 
lofty  stature ;  they  lead  a  wandering  life,  and  subsist  princi- 
pally on  the  flesh  of  wild  quadrupeds,  mushrooms,  and  fish. 
Patagonia  was  discovered  by  Magellan  in  1519.  The  inhab- 
itants of  this  country  aro  called  Patagonians,  a  name 
which  they  received  from  Magellan  on  account  of  the  sup- 
posed magnitude  of  their  feet  (patagon,  pi-ti-gon',  in 
Spanish,  signifying  a  "  large  foot"), 

Pataha  (pat'a-haw)  City,  a  post-village  of  Garfield 
CO.,  Washington,  on  Pataha  Creek,  48  miles  N.E.  of  Walla 
AValla.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill, 

Patak,  poh'tok'  (Nagy,  nodj,  Saros,  shShVosh',  or 
Rettel,  riCtiV),  a  town  of  Hungary,  on  the  Bodrog,  20 
miles  N.E,  of  Tokay.     Pop.  3782. 

Patau,  towns  of  India.     See  Patun  and  Pattuv. 

Patanago,  pi-t^-ni'go,  a  town  of  Burmah,  on  the  E. 
bank  of  the  Irrawaddy,  75  miles  N.  of  Promo.  North  of 
the  town  are  wells  reported  to  yield  annually  80,000,000 
pounds  of  petroleum. 

Patany,  or  Patani,  p^-t&'nee,  the  southernmost  pror  ■ 
ince  of  Siam,  its  principal  town,  of  the  same  name,  being 
on  the  river  Patany,  in  lat.  7°  N.,  Ion.  101°  35'  E.  See 
Cape  Patani. 

Pataps'co,  a  river  of  Maryland,  rises  in  the  N.  part 
of  the  state,  drains  part  of  Carroll  co.,  and  runs  southward 
through  Howard  co.  It  next  runs  southeastward,  forms 
the  boundary  between  Howard  and  Anne  Arundel  cos. 
on  the  right  and  Baltimore  co.  on  the  left,  and  enters 
Chesapeake  Bay  about  13  miles  below  the  city  of  Baltimore. 
It  is  nearly  80  miles  long.  The  part  of  it  below  Baltimore 
is  an  estuary  3  miles  wide,  and  navigable  for  large  ships. 

Patapsco,  a  station  on  the  Baltimore  &  Potomac  Rail- 
road, in  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md.,  10  miles  S.  of  the  initial 
station  in  Baltimore. 

Patapsco,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Western  Maryland  Railroad,  26  miles  N.AV.  of  Baltimore. 
It  has  a  church,  2  stores,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  about  250. 

Fat'ara,  or  Pat'era,  a  ruined  city  of  Asia  Minor, 
celebrated  in  antiquity  as  a  seat  of  the  worship  of  Apollo. 
It  is  on  the  coast,  27  miles  S.S.E.  of  Makree. 

Pataskaia,  pa-tas'ka-la,  a  post- village  in  Lima  town- 
ship, Licking  co.,  0.,  on  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Railroad 
(Central  Ohio  division),  18  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Columbus.  It 
has  3  churches  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  568. 

Patau'la,  a  post-office  of  Stewart  co.,  Ga. 

Patauia  Creek,  Georgia,  runs  southwestward,  inter- 
sects the  cos.  of  Randolph,  Quitman,  and  Clay,  and  enters 
the  Chattahoochee  River  about  9  miles  above  Fort  Gaines. 


PAT 


2120 


PAT 


7l 


Inoient  name  of  Padua. 

Itown  of  Franoe,  in  Lolret,  14  milet 

|p.  1334.     Here,  in  1420,  Joan  of  Aro 

tinder  Talbot. 

I  town  of  Porn,  80  miles  E.N.E.  of 

nflon. 

1  post-village  of  Qrant  oo.,  Wis.,  in 

about  36  miles  N.N.W.  of  Dubuque, 

..._  x«  u»a  ui  academy,  a  ohuroh,  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop. 
177  ;  of  tl)o  township,  855. 

Patch'in,  a  post-ofSco  of  Santa  Clara  oo.,  Cul.,  on  the 
Siinta  Cruz  Mountain,  17  miles  S.  of  Santa  Clara. 

PutchiUt  Noir  York.    See  Boston  Centre. 

l*a<Tching-San.    See  Madjicosiua  Islands. 

Patchin's  Mills,  a  hamlet  in  Wayland  township, 
Stoubcn  CO.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  from  Wayland  Station. 

Patch'insvillef  a  post-hamlct  in  liurnsido  township, 
Cloartield  oo.,  Pa.,  about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Altoona.  It  has 
a  saw-mill. 

Patchogne,  pat-ohOg',  a  post-village  in  Brookharen 
township,  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  shore  of  Great  South 
Bay,  56  miles  E.  of  Brooklyn.  It  is  the  eastern  terminus 
of  the  South  Side  (or  Southern)  Railroad,  and  contains  5 
churches,  a  newspaper  ofBoe,  2  or  more  hotels,  2  cotton-fac- 
tories, manufactories  of  paper,  carpet-warp,  flour,  ropes,  Ac, 
and  several  boarding-houses.  Large  quantities  of  fish  and 
oysters  are  exported  from  this  place.     Pop.  about  2800. 

Pate'ley  Bridge,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
on  the  Nidd,  parish  and  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ripon. 

Pat'er,  or  Pcm'broke  Dock,  a  suburban  town  of 
Wales,  CO.  of  Pembroke,  on  Milford  Haven,  1  mile  by  rail 
N.W.  of  Pembroke,  opposite  New  Milford.  A  government 
dock -yard  here  covers  60  acres.  It  has  an  arsenal,  and  is 
protected  by  a  fort  and  jetty.  The  town  is  neatly  built, 
IS  lighted  with  gas,  has  a  large  market-house,  and  carries 
on  a  thriving  trade.     Pop.  9622. 

Patera,  a  ruined  city  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Patara. 

Paterna,  pi-t^R'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
province  and  20  miles  N.W.  of  Almoria.     Pop.  1505. 

Paterna,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  3  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Valencia,  on  the  Guadalaviar.     Pop.  2361. 

Paterna  de  la  Uibiera,  p&-t5it'n&  d&  1&  re-Be-&'r&, 
ft  town  of  Spain,  province  and  23  miles  E.  of  Cadiz. 

Paterna  del  Campo,  p&-tdR'n&  ddl  k&m'po,  &  town 
of  Spain,  province  and  N.E.  of  Iluolva.     Pop.  1770. 

Paterna;,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Pernes. 

Paterno,  pi-t6K'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  12 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Avellino.     Pop.  2420. 

Paterno,  a  tQwn  of  Italy,  province  and  6  miles  S.  of 
Cosenza.     Pop.  2769. 

Paterno  (ano.  Hyb'la  Ma'jor),  a  city  of  Sicily,  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Catania,  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Etna.  Pop. 
15,178.  It  has  hot  chalybeate  springs,  and  a  trade  in  wine, 
oil,  flax,  hemp,  and  timber. 

Paternos'ters,  Great  and  Little,  two  dangerous 
rocks  in  the  Channel,  between  Cape  Carteret,  on  the  coast 
of  Franco,  and  the  island  of  Jersey.    See  Balabalagan. 

Paternum,  the  ancient  name  of  Cariati. 

Paternum,  the  ancient  name  of  Pietro-a-Patierno. 

Pat'erson,  a  city  of  New  Jersey,  and  the  capital  of 
Passaic  co.,  is  situated  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Passaic 
River,  13  miles  N.  of  Newark,  and  17  miles  N.W.  of  New 
York.  It  is  the  third  city  of  the  state  in  population  and 
manufactures.  It  is  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  the  New  Jersey 
Midland  Railroad,  and  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  <t  West- 
ern Railroad.  It  is  also  connected  with  the  Delaware  River 
by  the  Morris  Canal.  The  Passaic  River  here  descends 
50  feet  in  one  perpendicular  fall,  and  afibrds  immense 
water-power,  which  is  utilized  in  numerous  mills  and  fac- 
tories. The  streets  are  wide,  straight,  and  lighted  with  gas. 
Paterson  contains  40  churches,  a  public  library,  a  high 
school,  2  national  banks,  a  savings-bank,  2  hotels,  and 
printing-oflices  which  issue  2  daily  and  3  weekly  news- 
papers. Sixteen  bridges  here  cross  the  river,  which,  below 
the  picturesque  cataract  called  Passaic  Falls,  flows  between 
vertical  palisades  of  basalt.  Here  is  a  small  public  park 
adjacent  to  the  falls.  The  manufactures  of  Paterson  are 
very  extensive  and  various.  It  has  6  cotton-mills,  several 
iron-foundries  and  machine-shops,  about  30  silk-factories, 
3  manufactories  of  locomotives,  a  paper-mill,  a  manufac- 
tory of  linen  goods,  several  woollen-factories,  bleaching  and 
dyeing  establishments,  and  manufactories  of  velvet,  carpets, 
jute,  engines,  and  boilers.  The  silk-factories  of  Paterson 
employ  about  8000  persons,  and  are  the  largest  in  the  United 
States.  The  value  of  the  sewing-silk  and  other  silk  goods 
produced  here  in  one  year  sometimes  amounts  to  $3,600,000. 
The  value  of  all  the  products  manufactured  in  Passaic  oo. 


(nearly  all  in  Paterson)  reaches  $20,000,000.  The  cai)ilii| 
invested  in  those  manufactories  is  about  $10, U00,OUU  Pou 
in  1870,  33,579;  in  1880,  51,031 ;  in  1890,  78,347. 

Pat'erson,  or  Yim^mang',  a  river  of  Australia,  in 
New  South  Wales,  co.  of  Durham,  joins  the  Hunter  River 
about  20  miles  from  the  sea.  Its  chief  alUuent  is  the  Al- 
lya  River. 

Paterson,  or  Margarct'ta,  a  group  of  islands  in 
Mulgravo  Archipelago.     Lat.  8°  50'  N.;  Ion.  107°  42'  E. 

Paterson,  Cape,  in  Australia,  is  a  headland  about 
midway  between  Port  Phillip  and  Wilson's  Promontory. 

Pates,  pats,  a  post-village  of  Robeson  co.,  N.C.,  on  t'  -> 
Carolina  Central  Railroad,  79  miles  W.N.W.  of  Wilin 
ton.     It  is  on  or  near  Lumber  River.    It  has  2  chum 
and  2  turpentine-distilleries. 

Pate's  Hill,  a  post-oflice  of  Greene  co.,  Tcnn. 

Pate's  Spring,  a  post-oflice  of  Howard  co..  Ark. 

Patesville,  pats' vil,  a  post-hamlct  of  Hanoook  oo- 
Ky.,  9  miles  S.  of  Hawesville.     It  has  a  church. 

Pateville,  a  post-ofiico  of  Dooly  co.,  Ga. 

Pathardi,  p4-t4r'dee,  a  town  of  India,  Ahmednugirur 
district.     Pop.  7117. 

Path-Head,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife,  forming 
the  E.  suburb  of  Kirkcaldy.  It  has  a  handsome  church, 
endowed  and  other  schools,  and  thriving  manufactures  of 
ticks  and  checks.     Pop.  2495. 

Patia,  pi'te-l,  a  river  of  the  republic  of  Colombia, 
rises  near  Ponayan,  flows  S.W.  and  N.W.,  and  falls  into 
the  Pacific  by  several  mouths.     Length,  200  miles. 

Patiala,  India.     See  Putteeala. 

Patigorsk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Piatigorsk. 

Pativiica,  p4-te-veel'ki,,  a  village  of  Peru,  depart- 
ment of  Lima,  on  the  Pacific,  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Iluacho. 

Paljitan,  jiit-ye-tin'  or  p8,t-je-tdn',  a  village  of  Java, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  river  and  on  the  bay  of  the  same  name. 
Patjitan  Bay  is  roomy,  and  open  to  the  S.  Bciiind  its  E. 
point  is  Pollux  Bay,  which  is  well  sheltered  from  the  S.  wind. 

Pat'mos,  Patmo,  pit'mo,  or  San  Giovanni  di 
Patino,  sin  jo-vin'nee  de  pl-tce'no,  an  island  off  the  W, 
coast  of  Asia  Minor,  20  miles  S.  of  Samos.  Lat.  37°  17' 
N. ;  Ion.  26°  35'  E.  Pop.  4000,  all  Greeks,  and  mostly  sea- 
faring people.  It  is  a  bare,  irregularly  shaped  mass  of 
rock,  28  miles  in  circumference,  and  having  on  its  E.  side 
a  deep  indentation,  which  forms  a  secure  harbor.  The 
principal  town  takes  the  name  of  Patmos,  and  is  some- 
times also  called  St.  John.  It  stands  on  the  edge  of  a 
mountain,  consists  of  about  200  houses,  and  is  reached  by  a 
steep  and  rugged  ascent.  On  a  height  above  the  town 
stands  a  large  convent,  resembling  a  fortress,  being  sur- 
mounted by  several  irregular  towers.  In  a  grotto  belong- 
ing to  the  convent  is  the  supposed  abode  where  the  Apostle 
John,  who  had  been  banished  by  Domitian  to  the  island, 
A.D.  94,  saw  the  visions  recorded  in  the  book  of  Revelation. 

Pat'mos,  a  post-hamlet  in  Goshen  township,  Ma- 
honing CO.,  0.,  6  miles  N.  of  Salem.  It  has  a  carriage- 
shop  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Pat'na  (anc.  Palihoth'ra  and  Patalipiitra,  called  by 
the  natives  Az'imahad'),  a  city  of  India,  capital  of  Bahar, 
and  of  the  Patna  district  and  division,  on  the  S.  bank  of 
the  Ganges,  and  on  the  East  Indian  Railway,  285  miles 
N.W.  of  Calcutta.  It  is  9  miles  long  from  E.  to  W.,  and 
extends  2  miles  back  from  the  river;  but  with  the  adjacent 
town  of  Dinapoor  and  other  suburbs  its  extent  is  much 
greater.  The  city  proper  has  a  dilapidated  wall,  and  is  of 
small  extent,  but  is  densely  peopled,  and  traversed  by 
streets  mostly  narrow,  mean,  and  crooked.  There  are  few 
good  buildings,  except  in  Bankipoor,  the  European  suburb. 
The  most  remarkable  building  is  the  Gola,  a  great  public 
granary.  Patna  has  fine  churches,  temples,  and  mosques, 
a  government  college,  factories  for  opium,  rose-attar,  lime, 
metal- wares,  soap,  table-cloths,  Ac,  but  it  is  chiefly  noted 
for  its  extensive  export  and  import  trade.  Its  great  staples 
are  oils,  oil-seeds,  grain,  opium,  nitre,  and  manufactured 
goods,  native  and  European.     Pop.  (1891)  1(57,510. 

Patna,  a  district  of  Bengal,  province  of  Bahar.  Lat. 
24°  58'-25°  42'  N. ;  Ion.  84°  44'-86°  5'  E.  Area,  2101 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  N.N.E.  by  the  Ganges,  and  W.  '\ 
by  the  Sone.  It  is  very  fertile,  and,  except  in  the  S.,  is 
extremely  flat.  Capital,  Patna.  Pop.  1,559,638.  Patna 
division  includes  7  districts  of  the  province  of  Bahar.  Area, 
23,732  square  miles.     Pop.  13,122,743. 

Patna,  a  native  state  of  the  Central  Provinces,  India, 
now  under  British  administration.  Area,  2399  square  miles. 
Pop.  98,636.     Lat.  of  centre,  20°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  83°  15'  E. 

Pat'na,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  9  miles  S.E.  of 
Ayr.     Pop.  766.     It  has  coal-mines. 

Patniaky  p&t*ne-&k',  a  town  in  the  khanat  and- 50 


PAT 


2121 


PAT 


miles  E.S.E.  of  Khiva,  near  the  left  bank  of  the  Amoo- 
Daryii.     It  consists  of  about  100  houses. 

Patodi,  pi-to'dee,  a  petty  state  of  India,  on  the  Sirhind 
Plain.     Area,  50  square  miles.     Pop.  20,990. 

Pato'ka,  a  post-village  in  Patoka  township,  Marion 
CO.,  III.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of 
Vandalia,  and  15  miles  N.  of  Centralia.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  craded  school,  a  flour-mill,  and  2  wagon-shops.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1294. 

Patoka,  a  township  of  Crawford  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  1253. 

Patoka,  a  township  of  Dubois  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  3086. 
It  contains  Holland  and  Huntingburg. 

Patoka,  a  township  of  Gibson  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  4397. 
It  contains  Princeton. 

Patoka,  a  post-village  in  White  River  township,  Gib- 
son CO.,  Ind.,  on  Patoka  Creek,  and  on  the  Eransville  &,  Terre 
Haute  Railroad,  SOJ  miles  N.  of  Evansville,  and  4  miles  N. 
of  Princeton.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  several  churches, 
a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  844. 

Patoka,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1760.  It 
contains  Winslow. 

Patoka  Creek,  Indiana,  rises  in  Orange  co.,  runs 

I  westward  through  the  cos.  of  Dubois,  Pike,  and  Gibson, 

(  and  enters  the  Wabash  River  nearly  opposite  Mount  Car- 

[  mel,  and  1  or  2  miles  below  the  mouth  of  the  White  River. 

It  is  KJO  miles  long,  and  is  navigable  during  high  water. 

Pat'on,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Wabash  co.,  111., 
on  the  Wabash  River,  and  on  the  Cairo  <fc  Vineennes  Rail- 
road, 19  miles  S.W.  of  Vineennes,  Ind.     It  has  a  church. 

Paton,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Des 
'  Moines  &  Fort  Dodge  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Grand  Junc- 
I  tion. 

(     Pato'na,  a  station  in  Calhoun  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Selma, 
Kome  &  Dalton  Railroad,  11 J  miles  N.E.  of  Jacksonville. 

Patones,  pi-to'nfis,  a  village  of  Spain,  province  of 
'  Soria,  78  miles  N.N.E.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  1234. 

(Fatoor,  or  Patur,  pd-toor',  a  town  of  India,  district 
.  snd  30  miles  S.E.  of  Akola.     Pop.  6011. 

Patos,  Lake,  Brazil.    See  Lago  dk  los  Patos. 

Patras,  pi-tris',  Patrasso,  pi-tris'so,  or  Ilalia- 
'•  barda,  bi-le-i-bar'dJ,  (anc.  Patrse),  a  fortified  seaport 
I  town  of  Greece,  and  a  principal  seat  of  its  foreign  trade, 
(in  the  Morea,  capital  of  Achaia,  on  the  Gulf  of  Patras,  13 
[miles  S.W.  of  Lepanto.  Lat.  38°  14'  N.:  Ion.  21°  44'  E. 
I  Pop.  28,000.  The  ancient  Patrse  stood  on  the  declivity  of 
•  Mount  Voidhia.  The  modern  town  occupies  a  portion  of 
(the  low  and  unhealthy  plain  between  that  hill  and  the  sea. 

■  It  is  regularly  built,  but  the  houses  are  mostly  only  one 
I  story  in  height,  on  account  of  the  frequency  of  earthquakes. 
[One  of  its  churches  is  traditionally  connected  with  the 
; martyrdom  of  St.  Andrew,  and  is  greatly  resorted  to  by 

devotees.     The  principal  trade  is  in  currants. 
Patree,  or  JPatri,  piHree',  a  town  of  India,  district 

■  and  48  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Ahmedabad.     Pop.  6320. 

f    Patria,  pd-tree'S.  (anc.  Liter'na  Pa'lus),  a  lake  of  Italy, 
13  miles  N.W.  of  Naples.     Near  it  are  the  ruins  of  the  an- 
cient Llierna,  and  the  tomb  of  Scipio  Africanus. 
Patricia,  an  ancient  name  of  Cordova. 

IPat'rick,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Virginia,  bordering 
JD  North  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  521  square  miles, 
[t  is  drained  by  Dan  and  Mayo  Rivers,  which  rise  in  it,  and 
is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Blue  Ridgo.  The  surface  is 
aartly  mountainous,  and  presents  picturesque  scenery.  A 
'  arge  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  Indian  corn,  cattle, 
md  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  inter- 
;eeted  by  the  Danville  &  Western  Railroad,  which  connects 
»ith  Stuart,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,101;  in  1880, 
12,8.33;  in  1890,  14,147. 
^Patrick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co..  Ark.,  about  22 
*"  IS  southwest  of  Huntsville,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

'atricksburg,  Owen  co.,  Ind.    See  Lancaster. 
Patrick  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Patrick  co.,  Va., 
.bout  ()IJ  miles  N.W.  of  Danville.     It  has  mineral  springs, 
hotel,  and  a  tobacco  factory. 

Pat'ricroft,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  5 
iiiles  W,  of  Manchester.  There  is  here  an  extensive  manu- 
iictory  of  steam-engines,  also  a  silk-mill  which  employs 
bout  1000  hands,  a  quilt-manufactory,  a  spinning-  and 
feaving-factory,  and  a  great  foundry. 

Pat'riiigton,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  York,  East 
tiding,  on  a  creek  of  the  Ilumber,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Hull, 
'on.  of  parish,  1571. 
Patriot,  pa'tre-gt,  a  post-village  in  Posey  township, 
witzerland  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  20  miles  below 
lurora,  and  about  26  miles  by  land  S.W.  of  Cincinnati.  It 
as  2  or  3  churches,  a  money-order  post-office,  and  manu- 
wtures  of  fiour  and  whisky.  Pop.  about  400. 
134 


Patriot,  a  post-office  of  Decatur  co.,  Iowa,  10  miles  N. 
of  Leon. 

Patriot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gallia  co.,  0.,  about  10  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Gallipolis.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores, 

Patrocinio,  {)4-tro-see'ne-o,  a  town  of  Brazil,,  state 
of  Minas-Geraes,  80  miles  N.  of  Araxas. 

Patrocinio  (or  By'er's)  Island  is  in  the  North 
Pacific  Ocean.     Lat.  28°  9'  N. ;  Ion.  175°  48   E. 

Pa'tron,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co..  Neb.,  13  miles 
S.E.  of  Columbus.     It  has  2  churches. 

Pa'tronville,  a  post-office  of  Spencer  co.,  Ind.,  6  miles 
from  Rockport. 

PaUroon',  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Tex.,  30  miles 
S.S.W,  of  Mansfield,  La.     It  has  3  churches. 

Patsal'iga,  a  small  river  of  Alabama,  runs  south- 
westward  through  Pike  and  Crenshaw  cos.,  and  enters  the 
Conecuh  River  in  Covington  co. 

Fatsaliga,  also  called  Parchel'aga,  a  creek  of 
Georgia,  flows  into  the  Flint  River  from  the  right,  about  12 
miles  N.  of  Lanier.  "*" 

Patschkau,  pitoh'kSw,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  44 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Oppeln,  on  the  Neisso.  Pop.  5461.  It  is 
enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  manufaciures  of  woollens. 

Pat's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Russell  co.,  Va. 

Patsun,  a  town  of  Central  America.     See  Patzum. 

Patta,  pit'td,  or  Pata,  pd'ti,  a  seaport  town  of  East 
Africa,  in  the  Zanzibar  dominions,  on  an  island  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Patta.  Lat.  2°  9'  S. ;  Ion.  40°  50'  E.  It  was 
held  by  the  Portuguese  during  most  part  of  the  sixteenth 
and  seventeenth  centuries. 

Pattada,  pdt-td'di,  a  village  on  the  island  of  Sardinia, 
21  miles  S.E.  of  Sassari.     Pop.  3499. 

FatHagum'pus,  a  post-office  and  plantation  of  Pen- 
obscot CO.,  Me.,  on  the  Penobscot  River,  about  60  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  Bangor.     Pop.  94. 

Fattalene,  or  Fatalene,  Asia.    See  Sinde. 

Pat'ten,  a  post-village  in  Patten  township,  Penobscot 
CO.,  Me.,  about  33  miles  W.S.W.  of  Houlton,  and  90  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Bangor.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  and 
several  mills.     Pop.  of  the  township,  704. 

Pat'tenburg,  a  post-hamlet  in  Union  township,  Hun- 
terdon CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  13  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Phillipsburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Pattensen,  pdt'tgn-sSn',  a  town  of  Germany,  7  miles 
S.  of  Hanover.     Pop.  1588. 

Pat'ten's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  AVashington  co.,  0. 

Patten's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
N.Y.,  4  miles  N.  of  Sandy  Hill,  and  about  50  miles  N.  by 
E.  of  Albany.     It  has  a  church. 

Pat'tensville,  a  hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  0.,  in  Bloom- 
field  township,  8  miles  E.  of  Jackson.     Pop.  60. 

Pat'terdale,  a  village  and  township  of  England,  in 
Westmoreland,  at  the  S.  end  of  Ullswater  Lake,  10  miles 
N.  of  Ambleside.     It  ia  a  favorite  resort  of  tourists. 

Pat'terson,  or  Cher'okee,  a  post-village  of  Nevada 
CO.,  Cal.,  near  the  Middle  Yuba  River,  12  miles  N.  of  Ne- 
vada City.  Gold  is  found  here.  It  has  a  church.  The  namo 
of  its  post-office  is  Patterson. 

Patterson,  a  post-office  of  Pierce  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  At- 
lantic &  Gulf  Railroad,  78  miles  S.AV.  of  Savannah. 

Patterson,  a  station  in  Des  Moines  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
railroad  between  Burlington  and  Fort  Madison,  5  miles 
S.AV.  of  Burlington. 

Patterson,  a  post-village  in  Crawford  township,  Madi- 
son CO.,  Iowa,  on  Middle  River,  and  on  the  Indianola  & 
AVinterset  Branch  Railroad,  34  miles  S.AV.  of  Des  Moines. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Patterson,  a  post-village  of  AVayno  co..  Mo.,  about 
115  miles  S.  by  AV.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
flour-mill.     Pop.  about  130. 

Patterson,  New  Jersey.    See  Paterson. 

Patterson,  a  station  in  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New 
York  &  Canada  Railroad,  2  miles  S.  of  Fort  Tieonderoga. 

Patterson,  a  post-village  in  Patterson  township,  Put- 
nam CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Croton  River,  and  on  the  New  York  & 
Harlem  Railroad,  62  miles  N.N.E.  of  New  York.  It  con- 
tains 2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1526. 

Patterson,  a  post- village  and  township  of  Caldwell  co., 
N.C.,  20  miles  N.  of  Icard  Station.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  cotton-factory.     Pop.  789. 

Patterson,  a  township  of  Orange  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1092. 

Patterson,  a  township  of  Darke  co.,  0.     Pop.  978. 

Patterson,  a  post-village  in  Jackson  township,  Hardin 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Sandusky  &  Cleveland  Railroad, 
10  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Kenton,  and  li  miles  S.  of  Forest, 
which  is  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  AVayne  &  Chicago  Railroad. 
It  has  a  tannery,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  drug-store. 


■Mim 


"PAT  2122 


PAU 


Patterson,  a  township  of  Bonver  oo.,  Pa.  Pop.  T4. 
Patterson,  a,  post-borougli  in  MilfurJ  townshin,  Juni- 
ata CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Junintii  Kivcr,  cpjiosito  Mimintown, 
and  on  tho  Pennsylvania  Kailruu<l  (at  Mifflin  Station),  4U 
miles  N.W.  of  llarrisburg.  It  has  a  okurch  and  a  ware- 
house for  grain.     Pop.  in  18U0,  826. 

Patterson,  a  village  of  Sohuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  about  35 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Reading.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Patterson,  a  post-village  in  York  oo.,  Ontario,  IJ 
miles  from  Ilicbmond  Hill.  It  oontaias  an  agricultural- 
Implement  factory.     Pop.  600. 

Patterson  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Whitley  co.,  Ky., 
10  miles  E.  of  Williamsburg. 

Patterson's,  a  station  on  tho  Cumberland  <t  Piedmont 
Railroad,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Cumberland,  Md. 

Patterson's,  a  township  of  Alamance  co.,  N.C.  P.  717. 

Patterson's  BlutT,  a  post-village  of  Logan  co..  Ark., 
on  tho  Arkansas  River,  about  48  miles  E.  of  Fort  Smith. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Patterson's  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Moore  co.,  N.C. 

Patterson's  Creek,  West  Virginia,  rises  in  Grant  co., 
runs  northeastward  through  Mineral  co.,  and  enters  tho 
North  Branch  of  the  Potomac  River  about  8  miles  S.E.  of 
the  city  of  Cumberland.     Coal  is  found  near  this  creek. 

Patterson's  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mineral  co., 
W.  Va.,  on  the  Potomac,  and  on  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Rail- 
road, 8  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Cumberland,  Md.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  store. 

Patterson's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  N.C. 
Ilcre  is  a  gri?t-raill. 

Patterson's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co.,  Va. 

Patterson's  Mills,  post-office,  Douglas  co.,  Oregon. 

Patterson's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.. 
Pa.,  about  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Patterson's  Store,  post-office,  Alamance  co.,  N.C. 

Pat'tersonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sioux  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Lincoln  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
llailroad,  14  miles  W.  of  Sheldon.     It  has  a  graded  school. 

Pattersonville,  a  post-village  of  St.  Mary's  parish, 
La.,  on  the  navigable  Bayou  Teche,  8  miles  AV.  of  Morgan 
City,  and  88  miles  W.  by  S.  of  New  Orleans.  It  has  a 
steamboat-landing,  2  churches,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  sash-  and 
blind-factory.     Pop.  600. 

Pattersonville,  a  hamlet  of  Tishomingo  co..  Miss., 
26  miles  from  luka.     It  has  a  church. 

Pattersonville,  a  post-office  of  Schenectady  co.,  N.Y. 

Patti,  pit'tee,  a  city  of  Sicily,  on  a  height,  near  the 
Gulf  of  Patti,  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  island,  17  miles  S.W. 
of  Milazzo.  Pop.  8191.  It  is  enclosed  by  dilapidated 
walls,  and  has  a  Norman  castle,  now  the  residence  of  its 
bishop,  a  cathedral,  a  manufactory  of  earthenware,  and 
profitable  fisheries. 

Pattialah,  a  town  of  India.    See  Putteeala. 

Pattie's  (pat'tiz)  Gap,  post-office,  Roane  co.,  Tenn. 

Pat'tison,  a  station  in  Austin  co.,  Tex,,  on  the  Texas 
Western  Railroad,  40  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Houston. 

Pat'ton,  a  township  of  Ford  co.,  111.  Pop.  2726.  It 
contains  Paxton. 

Patton,  Wabash  co.,  111.    See  Patox. 

Patton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bollinger  co..  Mo.,  about  90 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  St.  Louis.     It  has  a  church. 

Patton,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1193. 

Patton,  a  township  of  Centre  co..  Pa.     Pop.  721. 

Pat'ton's,  a  station  in  Jefferson  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Low 
Grade  division  of  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  12  miles 
S.W.  of  Brookville. 

Pat'tonsburg,  a  post-village  of  Daviess  co.,  Mo.,  is 
near  Grand  River,  and  on  the  Chillicothe  A  Omaha  Branch 
Railroad,  42  miles  N.W.  of  Chillicothe.     It  has  a  church. 

Pattonsburg,  a  village  of  Botetourt  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
James  River,  opposite  Buchanan,  and  about  45  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Lynchburg.  It  has  an  academy,  3  stores,  and 
a  mill.     In  the  vicinity  there  are  5  churches. 

Patton's  Home,  a  post-office  of  Rutherford  co.,  N.C. 

Pat'tonsville,  a  post-village  in  South  Woodberry 
township,  Bedford  co.,  Pa.,  about  25  miles  S.  of  Altoona. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Pattonsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  oo.,  Va.,  48  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Bristol,  Tenn.     It  has  a  church. 

Pnt'tonville,  a  post-office  of  St.  Louis  co..  Mo. 

Pattonville,  a  post-office  of  Lamar  co.,  Te.x. 

Patiim,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Pad. 

I  aHun',  or  Patan,  pA-tSn',  a  town  of  India,  35  miles 
N.W.  of  Jubbulpoor.     Pop.  443.3. 

Patnn,  or  Julra  Patun,  jni'ri  pl-tun',  a  town  of 
India,  53  miles  S.E.  of  Kotah.  Lat.  24°  32'  N.:  Ion.  76° 
WE 


Patan,  a  village  of  India,  in  Rajpootana,  11  mUet 
N.N.E.  of  Kotah,  on  tho  Chumbul. 

Patun,  a  village  of  Nopaul,  3  miles  S.  of  Khatmandoo 

Paturages,  piVtUVlzh',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Hui^ 
naut,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Mons.  Pop.  8500.  It  has  steam- 
engine  factories,  and  coal-mines  in  its  vicinity. 

Patux'cnt,  a  post-village  of  Anno  Arundel  co.,  Md. 
on  the  Baltimore  A  Potomac  and  Annapolis  A  Eljt  Uidiro 
Railroads,  21  miles  S.S.W.  of  Baltimore. 

Patuxent  River,  Maryland,  rises  near  the  N.W.  ex- 
tremity of  Howard  co.,  and  runs  first  southeastward,  f'lnin- 
ing  the  boundary  between  the  cos.  of  Montgomery,  I'r 
George's,  and  St.  Mary's  on  the  right,  and  Anne  Ai 
and  Calvert  on  tho  left.     In  the  Inst  half  of  its  con i 
runs  nearly  southward,  and  enters  Chesapeake  Bay  at  i   .■ 
S.  extremity  of  Calvert  co.     Its  length  is  estimated  at  ].'i 
miles.     Sloops  can  ascend  it  about  45  miles. 

Patycos,  Patycus,  ancient  names  of  Paoi.a. 

Patzaii,  pll'sSw,  or  Paczow,  pltch'ov,  a  town  of 
Bohemia,  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Tabor.     Pop.  2920. 

Patzizia,  plt-see'se-i,  a  town  of  Guatemala.    P.  8000. 

Patzquaro,  Mexico.    See  Pascuauo. 

Patzum,  p4t-80om',  or  Patsun,  pit-soon',  a  town  of 
Guatemala,  40  miles  W.N.AV,  of  the  city  of  Guatemala 
Pop.  5400. 

Pan,  p5  (anc.  Patiimf),  a  town  of  France,  capital  of 
the  department  of  Ba.«ses-Pyr6n6eg,  56  miles  E.S.R  of  Ba- 
yonne,  on  the  Gave  de  Pau,  over  which  is  a  bridge  of  7 
arches,  remarkable  for  its  great  elevation.  Pop.  27,553. 
It  has  an  acadtmie,  a  tribunal  of  commerce,  a  hjcfe,  oi 
national  college,  a  library  of  25,000  volumes,  manufac- 
tures of  linens,  cutlery,  and  carpets,  and  trade  in  hams 
and  Juranjon  wine.  Pau  was  the  capital  of  the  old 
province  of  B6arn.  Henry  IV.  was  born  in  its  ancient 
royal  castle.  It  is  also  tho  birthplace  of  Gaston  de  Foix, 
and  of  General  Bernadotte,  afterwards  King  of  Swcdcn.l 
Pau  is  picturesquely  and  beautifully  situated,  and  has  ex- 
cellent promenades.  It  is  a  favorite  place  of  residence  for 
English  families.     See  also  Gave  de  Pau. 

Paucartambo,  pSw-kan-tlm'bo,  called  also  Yam- 
biri,  yim-be-ree',  a  river  of  Peru,  after  a  N.N.W.  cour,«e 
of  nearly  300  miles,  joins  the  Apurimac  from  the  riglit. 
Its  chief  affluent  is  the  Vilcabamba. 

Paucartambo,  a  town  of  Peru,  department  of  Cuzeo, 
in  a  valley  enclosed  by  the  Andes,  on  the  river  Paucartambo, 
60  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cuzco. 

Pauillac,  po^eel'yik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Qironde, 
on  the  Gironde,  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bordeaux.    Pop.  2044 

Pauk-Pettem,  Punjab.    See  Pak-Pattan. 

Paul,  pawl,  a  post-office  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa. 

Paula,  a  city  of  Italy.    See  Paola. 

Paul  de  Loanda,  Saint,  Africa.    See  Loaitda. 

Paulding,  pawl'ding,  a  northwestern  county  of  Geor- 
gia. Area,  340  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  sources 
of  the  Tallapoosa  River,  and  an  afilucnt  of  the  Etowah: 
River.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  high  hills  or  ridgea 
and  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees,  'flic  soil  of  the  valleys 
is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  cotton,  and  pork  nre  the  stoples. 
Limestone  underlies  part  of  the  county.  It  is  traversed  by 
the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  A  Georgi.'.  Railroad.  Capital, 
Dallas.    Pop.  in  1870,  7639;  in  18S0. 10,887;  in  IS'.K),  1 1,948. 

Paulding,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Ohio,  border-j 
ing  on  Indiana,  hns  an  area  of  about  414  square  miles.  Itl 
is  intersected  by  the  Auglaize  and  Miiumi-e  Rivers,  nndl 
partly  drained  by  Crooked  Creek.  It  com|)ri>e8  piirt  of  the 
Black  Swamp.  The  surface  is  level,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  dense  forests,  in  which  the  beech,  elm,  white 
ash,  sugar-maple,  oak,  and  hickory  abound.  The  soil  is; 
fertile.  AVheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  haj-,  and  live->tock  are] 
the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  .Miami 
Canal,  the  Wabash  A  Erie  Canal,  the  Wabash  Railroad, 
the  New  York,  Chicago  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  and  the  Cin- 
cinnati, Jackson  A  Mackinaw  Railroad.  Capital,  Paulding.] 
Pop.  in  1870,  8544;  in  1880,  1.3,485;  in  1890,  25,9.32.         I 

Paulding,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jasper  co.,  Miss..! 
33  miles  S.W.  of  Meridian.  It  has  a  newspaper  ofiice  andj 
4  churches.     Pop.  262.  ! 

Paulding,  a  station  on  the  West  Jersey  Railpoadj 
Salem  Branch,  lOi  miles  E.  of  Salem,  N..J. 

Paulding,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Paulding  co.,  0.^ 
in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  on  Crooked  Creek,  and  ouj 
the  Paulding  A  Cecil  Railroad,  40  miles  N.W.  of  Lima.  U 
has  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  charchj 
and  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  in  1890,  1879. 

Paulghautchcrry,  a  town  of  India.    See  PALcnAtrr 

Paulhaguet,  pSPd'gi',  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Hauls 
Loire,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Brioude.     Pop.  1467. 


PAU 


2123 


PAW 


Fauli   Latino,  pow'lee  13,-tee'no,  or  Paulelatte, 

p5w-li-lit'ti,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Sardinia.     Pop.  2705. 

Paulina,  paw-ll'na,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co.,  N.J., 
on  Paulinskill  River,  about  11  miles  S.W.  of  Newton. 

Pauline,  paw-leen',  a  post-hamlct  of  Shawnee  co., 
Kansas,  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  <fe  Santa  F6  Railroad,  Gj 
miles  S.  of  Topeka. 

PauMinskill',  a  small  river  of  New  Jersey,  rises  in 
Sussex  CO.,  runs  southwestward  through  Warren  co.,  and 
enters  the  Delaware  River  about  4  miles  below  the  Water 
Gap.     It  is  sometimes  called  Paulin's  River. 

Pauli  Pirri,  pOw'lee  pir'ree,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Sar- 
dinia, division  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  of  commune,  2715. 

Paulitza,  p5w-lit'si  (anc.  Phigalia,  afterwards  Phi- 
alia),  a  village  of  Greece,  in  the  Morea,  district  of  Messenia, 
on  a  stream  of  the  same  name,  N.E.  of  Kyparissia. 

Paullo,  pow'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  12  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Lodi.     Pop.  of  commune,  1717. 

Paul's,  pawlz,  a  station  in  Stark  co.,  0.,  on  tbe  Tus- 
cariiwas  Valley  Railroad,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Canal  Fulton. 

Paulsborongh,  pawlz'biir-ruh,  a  post-village  of 
Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  in  Greenwich  township,  on  Mantua 
Creek,  and  on  the  Delaware  Shore  Railroad,  14  miles  S.W. 
of  Camden,  and  1  mile  from  the  Delaware  River.  It  has 
2  churches,  an  academy,  a  foundry,  &e. 

Paul's  Cross  Uoads,  a  post-office  of  Essex  co.,  Va. 

Paul's  Valley,  a  post-office  of  the  Chickasaw  Nation, 
Indian  Territory. 

Paulton,  pawl'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co.. 
Pa.,  about  26  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a  flour- 
mill,  a  planing-mill,  and  fire-brick  works. 

Paulvillc,  Adair  co.,  Mo.    See  Brasheau. 

Paum^ben',Pauin'bun',orPaum^baum',atown 
of  India,  district  of  Madura,  on  the  AV.  end  of  the  island 
of  Ramisseram,  and  on  Paumben  Pass.  It  has  a  light-house 
and  active  commerce.     Pop.  2500. 

Paumben  Pass  or  Channel,  a  strait,  1^  miles 
across,  separating  the  island  of  Ramisseram  from  the  main- 
land of  India,  140  miles  N.E.  of  Cape  Comorin. 

Paumotu,a  native  name  for  the  Low  AncHirELAGO. 

Pauni,  a  town  of  India.     See  Pownee. 

Paunwelly,  a  town  of  India.    See  Panweli.. 

Paupac,  paw'pak,  a  post-hamlet  of  Piko  co..  Pa.,  about 
14  miles  S.  of  Honcsdale. 

Paupack,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Pa,     Pop.  642. 

Pausa,  pow'si,  a  town  of  Saxony,  24  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Zwickau.     Pop.  3898. 

Pausa,  pow'si,  a  town  of  Peru,  in  Arequipa,  capital 
of  the  province  of  Parinacochas. 

Pausilypum,  the  ancient  name  of  Posilippo. 

Pautnck,  paw-tuk',  a  hamlet  of  Southampton  town- 
ship, Suffolk  CO.,  N.Y.,  near  Moriches  Bay,  and  about  6 
miles  S.  of  Riverhead. 

Paute,  pow'td,,  a  river  of  South  America,  rises  in  the 
S.W.  of  Ecuador,  flows  S.E.,  and  joins  the  Amazon  on  the 
^K^Jeft,  after  a  course  of  about  170  miles. 
^■■B  Pauwaicun  Lake,  Wisconsin.     See  Poygan  Lake. 
^H^vPavia,  pi-vee'4  (anc.  Tici'num,  afterwards  Papia),  a 
^HHuy  of  Northern  Italy,  capital  of  the  province  of  Pavia,  is 
^■|Btuatcd  19   miles   S.  of  Milan,  on  the   left'  bank  of  the 
^■ficino.     Lat.  45°  11' N.;  Ion.  9°  10' E.     Pop.  28,122.     It 
is  surrounded  with  walls,  and  has  numerous  public  edifices, 
the  chief  of  which  are  its  old  castle,  the  ancient  residence  of 
the  Lombard  kings,  and  the  celebrated  university,  founded 
by  Charlemagne  at  the  end  of  the  eighth  century,  with  a 
^^_  library  of  175,000  volumes  and  a  botanic  garden.     Pavia 
^Bkjuas  a  theatre,  numerous  charitable  institutions,  a  chamber 
^VBh  commerce,  and  a  trade  in  silk,  rice,  wine,  and  Parmesan 
^~*  cheese.     It  has  long  been  in  a  state  of  decay.     In  1525, 
Francis  I.,  King  of  France,  was  conquered  and  made  pris- 
oner by  the  Imperialists  near  Pavia.     It  was  taken  by  the 
Spaniards  in  1745,  and  by  the  French  in  1796.     Pavia  has 
given  birth  to  many  distinguished  men,  among  whom  are 

Pope  Jolin  XIV.  and  Lanfranc. Adj.  and  inhab.  Pavian, 

pd-vce'an. 

Pavia,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  watered  by 
the  Po,  the  Ticino,  and  other  streams.  Area,  1292  square 
miles.  It  is  mostly  level  and  fertile.  Silk,  cheese,  and 
cattle  are  leading  products.    Capital,  Pavia.    Pop.  448,435. 

Pavia,  pa'vi-a,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co.,  Pa.,  about 
22  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Altoona. 

Pavilion,  pa-vil'yun,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kendall  co., 
III.,  on  the  S.  bank  of  Fox  River,  and  on  or  near  the  Chi- 

■  _cago,  Burlington  <fc  Quincy  Railroad,  about  15  miles  S.W, 
UAf  Aurora.     It  has  a  church. 
Ip  Pavilion,  a  post-office  of  Wabaunsee  co.,  Kansas,  7 
i^Biles  S.  of  Wamego. 


Pavilion,  a  station  of  the  Boston,  Revere  Beach  A 
Lynn  Railroad,  4}  miles  N.E.  of  Boston,  Mass. 

Pavilion,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Kalamazoo 
CO.,  Mich.,  about  12  miles  S.E.  of  the  city  of  Kalamazoo. 
It  is  intersected  by  tbe  Chicago  <fc  Lake  Huron  Railroad. 
The  hamlet  is  1  mile  from  Indian  Lake  Station.  Pop.  1127. 

Pavilion,  a  post-village  of  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Pa- 
vilion township,  on  the  Rochester  &  State  Line  Railroad, 
33  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rochester,  It  has  5  churches,  a  broom- 
factory,  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1634. 

Pavilion  Centre,  a  post-office  in  Pavilion  township, 
Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Rochester  &  State  Line  Railroad, 
31  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Rochester. 

Pavillonis,  a  village  of  Italy.    See  Pabillonis. 

Pavilly,  piVee^yee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-Inf6- 
rieure,  on  a  railway,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Rouen.  Pop.  2059. 
It  has  manufactures  of  linens,  paper,  and  cotton  goods. 

Pavlograd,  pivMo-grAd',  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment and  36  miles  E.N. E.  of  Yekaterinoslav,  on  an  affluent 
of  the  Dnieper.     Pop.  11,391. 

PavMov',  PauMovzk',  PawMoAv',  or  PavMov'- 
skoi,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  38  miles  by  rail 
E.  of  Moscow.     Pop.  4465. 

Pavlovsk,  pilv'lovsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  St.  Petersburg,  on  an  affluent  of  the 
Neva.  Pop.  2993.  It  has  an  imperial  palace,  a  citadel, 
barracks,  large  almshouses,  and  military  and  civil  hosjiitals. 

Pavlovsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  90  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Voronezh,  on  the  Don.  Pop.  7183,  It  is  de- 
fended by  a  citadel,  and  has  an  active  trade. 

Pavone,  pi-vo'n^,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Brescia,  4  miles  S.  of  Leno,  on  the  Mella.     Pop.  1396. 

Pavone,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  S.  of  Ivrea. 

Pavonia,  pa-vo'ne-a,  a  hamlet  of  Camden  co.,  N.J., 
in  Stockton  township,  on  the  Delaware  River.  1  mile  above 
Camden.     Here  are  the  Camden  City  Water- Works, 

Paw,  a  Feejce  island.     See  Paoo. 

PaAV'catnck,  a  village  of  New  London  co..  Conn.,  on 
the  Pawcatuck  River,  opposite  Westerly,  R.I.,  15  miles  E. 
by  N.  of  New  London.  It  has  a  national  bank  and  sow© 
manufactures. 

Pawcatuck  River,  Rhode  Island,  is  formed  by  the 
Charles  and  Wood  Rivers,  which  unite  in  Washington  co. 
It  finally  runs  southward,  forms  part  of  the  boundary  be- 
tween Connecticut  and  Rhode  Island,  and  enters  the  sea  at 
the  S.W,  extremity  of  the  latter. 

Paw  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Mecklenburg  co., 
N.C.  It  has  several  gold-mines,  flour-mills,  and  saw-mills, 
also  5  churches.  Pop.  1591.  Paw  Creek  Post-Office  is  on 
the  Carolina  Central  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Charlotte. 

Paweea,  pi-wee'a,  a  town  of  Guinea,  on  the  route 
from  the  coast  to  Dahomey.  It  is  a  collection  of  huts,  en- 
closed by  a  thick  wall.     Estimated  pop.  16,000, 

Paw'hus'ka,  or  O^sage'  Agency,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Indian  Territory,  60  miles  from  CofFeyville,  Kansas,  Here 
is  a  boarding-school, 

Paw'let,  a  post-village  in  Pawlet  township,  Rutland 
CO.,  Vt.,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  about  24  miles 
(30  miles  by  rail)  S.S.W.  of  Rutland,  and  5  miles  E.  of 
Pawlet  Station,  which  is  at  West  Pawlet.  It  has  2  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  knit  goods,  cheese-boxes,  and  fork- 
handles.  The  township  contains  the  village  of  West  Paw- 
let or  Pawlet  Station,  and  a  pop.  of  1505. 

Pawlet  River  rises  in  Bennington  co.,  Vt.,  runs  north- 
westward through  Rutland  co.  into  the  state  of  New  York, 
and  enters  Lake  Champlain  at  Whitehall. 

Paw'ling,  a  post- village  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Paw- 
ling township,  on  the  New  York  <fc  Harlem  Railroad,  65 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  New  York,  and  about  24  miles  E.  by  S, 
of  Newburg.  It  has  4  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  the  Pawling  Institute,  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop, 
in  1890,  630;  of  the  township,  1949,  A  quarry  of  marble 
has  been  opened  in  the  township. 

Pawling,  a  station  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad 
(Lewistown  division),  4  miles  W.  of  Sclin's  Grove,  Pa. 

Pawling,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Schuylkill  River,  and  on  the  Reading  Railroad,  at  Perki- 
omen  Junction,  2i  miles  S.E.  of  Phoenixville,  It  has  a 
church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  planing-mill. 

Paw^nee',  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Kan- 
sas, has  an  area  of  about  750  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Arkansas  River,  which  here  runs  northeast- 
ward, and  it  is  partly  drained  by  the  Pawnee  Fork  of  that 
river.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level.  A  large 
portion  of  it  is  prairie.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Atchison, 
Topeka  A  Santa  F6  Railroad,  Capital,  Lamed,  Pop.  in 
1870,  179;  in  1877,  3254;  in  1880,  5396:  in  1890,  6204. 


PAW 


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PAY 


Pawnee*  a  county  in  tho  S.B.  part  of  Nobnuka,  bor- 
dering on  Kanau,  Iim  an  aroa  of  iV2  «auar«  luiles,  nearly 
all  arabt*  land.  It  is  interaooted  by  the  big  Nemaha  Kivvr 
and  tb«  South  Foric  of  the  same,  and  niso  drained  by  Tur- 
key Creek.  Tho  surfaoe  ia  undulating,  and  diversilied  with 
pniiriea  and  woodlands.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat, 
luaice,  oats,  hay,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  This 
•ounty  has  abundance  of  limestone,  a  good  material  for 
building.  It  is  iutorseotcd  by  the  liurlington  &,  Missouri 
Kivcr  Railroad,  the  Chicago,  Kuok  Island  &  PaciQo  llail- 
road,  and  other  railroads.  Capital,  Pawnee  City.  Pop. 
iu  1870,4171;  in  1880,  6U20;  in  1800,  10,340. 

PawueC)  a  po^t-villago  in  Pawnee  township,  Sangamon 
CO.,  III.,  about  16  miles  S.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a  uiiurch 
and  4  stores.     Pop.  about  250:  of  the  township,  1293. 

Pawnee*  a  township  of  Bourbon  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
715.     It  contains  Pawnee  Station  and  Iliattville. 

PawueC)  a  township  of  Pawnee  co.,  Kansas.     P.  226. 

Pawnee*  a  township  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas.    P.  223. 

Pawnee*  a  township  of  Smith  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  610. 
Post-otiices,  Cora  and  Oriole. 

Pawnee*  a  post-hamlet  of  Medina  co.,  0.,  on  Black 
River,  4i  miles  N.  of  West  Salem. 

Pawnee  Agency*  a  post-office  of  Indian  Territory, 
110  miles  from  Coffey  ville,  Kansas. 

Pawnee  City*  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pawnee  co.. 
Neb.,  on  Turkey  Creek,  about  62  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lincoln, 
and  20  miles  S.  of  Tecumseh.  It  has  4  churches,  2  news- 
paper offices,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  &o.     Pop.  (1890)  1550. 

Pawnee  Creek*  Colorado,  runs  southeastward  in 
Weld  CO.,  and  enters  the  South  Fork  of  Platte  Iliver  about 
lat.  40°  35'  N.    Length,  about  70  miles. 

Pawnee  Fork  of  the  Arkansas  rises  in  the  W.  part 
of  Kansas,  runs  eastward,  drains  parts  of  Hodgeman  and 
Kess  COS.,  and  enters  the  Arkansas  Iliver  in  Pawnee  co. 

Pawnee  Loup  Fork*  Nebraska.     See  Lour  Fokk. 

Pawnee  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barton  co.,  Kansas, 
near  the  Arkansas,  and  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa 
F6  Railroad,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Lamed.     It  has  a  church. 

Pawnee  Station*  a  post-hamlet  of  Bourbon  co., 
Kansas,  on  tho  Missouri  River,  Fort  Scott  &  Gulf  Railroad, 
12  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Fort  Scott. 

Pawnee  Valley*  a  post-office  of  Hodgeman  co.,  Kan- 
sas, on  the  North  Fork  of  Pawnee  River,  30  miles  N.  of 
Dodge  City. 

Paw  Paw*  a  township  of  De  Kalb  co.,  111.     Pop.  978. 

Paw  Paw*  Lee  co..  III.    See  Paw  Paw  Grove. 

Paw  Paw,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mi.ami  co.,  Ind.,  on  Eel 
River,  and  on  the  Detroit  &,  Eel  River  Railroad,  24i  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Logansport.     It  has  a  church. 

Paw  Paw*  a  post-township  of  Elk  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
634.     Paw  Paw  Post-Office  is  8  miles  N.  of  Howard. 

Paw  Paw,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  Ky. 

Paw  Paw*  a  post-village,  capital  of  Van  Buren  co., 
Mich.,  in  Paw  Paw  township,  and  On  a  river  of  the  same 
name,  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Kalamazoo,  and  22  miles  S.  of 
Allegan.  It  is  the  terminus  of  a  railroad,  4  miles  long, 
which  connects  at  Lawton  with  the  Michigan  Central  Rail- 
road. It  has  water-power,  and  contains  a  national  bank,  1 
other  bank,  3  or  4  newspaper  offices,  a  high  school,  2  flour- 
ing-mills,  and  7  churches.     Pop.  1428 ;  of  township,  2752. 

Paw  Paw*  a  station  in  Fayette  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  4i  miles  AV.  of  Quinniraont. 

Paw  Paw,  a  post-village  of  Morgan  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cumber- 
land, Md.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  tannery. 

Paw  Paw  Ford,  a  poct-hamlct  of  Roane  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Clinch  River,  8  miles  E.  of  Kingston. 

Paw  Paw  (irove,  also  called  West  Paw  Paw*  a 
post-village  of  Leo  co.,  III.,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  & 
Quincy  liailroad,  at  Paw  Paw  Station,  38  miles  W.  of 
Aurora.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  a  money-order  post-office. 

Paw  Paw  Kiver*  Michigan,  rises  in  Van  Buren  co., 
runs  in  a  W.S.W.  direction  to  Berrien  co.,  and  enters  the 
St.  Joseph  River  at  Benton  Harbor.  Length,  about  76  miles. 

Paw'selin*  a  hamlet  in  Greenfield  township,  Wabash 
CO.,  Minn.,  i  mile  from  Kellogg  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Pawtuck'et,  a  name  given  to  a  part  of  a  river  in 
Rhode  Island,  which  runs  southward  and  enters  Narragan- 
ectt  Bay.  The  part  of  it  which  is  above  the  town  of  Paw- 
tucket  is  called  Blackstone  River,  and  its  lower  part  is 
■ometimes  called  Seckonk  River. 

Pawtucket,  a  post-town  of  Providence  co.,  R.T.,  in 
Pawtuckct  township,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  and  on 
the  Providence  <t  Worcester  and  Boston  &  Providence  Rail- 
roads, 4i  miles  N.N.E.  of  Providence,  and  39  miles  S.S.W. 


of  Boston.    The  river  here  falls  nearly  60  feet,  and  aSbrdi 
abundant  hydraulic  power.     Pawtucket  has  1 1  ehurchea,  2 
or  3  national  banks,  .1  savings-banks,  several  hotels,  a  news- 
jiaper  office,  a  public  library,  and  a  high  school.     Its  |. 
perity  is  chiefly  derived  from  manufactures  of  vuriou." 
oles,  among  which  are  cotton    goods,  steam    lirc-cnL- 
prints,  leather,  machinery,  thread,  ropes,  spools,  and  ■ 
Here,  besides  other  large  works,  is  the  Dunnoll  Man 
turing  Company,  which  occupies  many  buildings  and  pnim 
over  20,000,000  yards  of  calico  yearly.     Pawtucket  has  sev- 
eral large  bleaching-  and  dyeing-establishments.     Pop  of 
the  town  in  1880,  19,030;  in  1890,  27,C;i:i. 

Pawtux'ct,  a  post-village  in  Cranston  and  Warwick 
townships,  Kent  and  Providence  cos.,  R.I.,  on  Narraganscit 
Bay,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Pawtuset  River,  6  miles  S.  of 
Providence.  It  has  a  church,  and  is  mainly  supported  by 
the  fisheries  and  oyster-business.     Pop.  620. 

Pawtuxet  River,  Rhode  Island,  rises  in  Providence 
CO.,  runs  southeastward  to  Kent  co.,  and  enters  Narragansett 
Bay  at  Pawtuxet.  It  affords  motive-power  for  milla,  and 
supplies  the  city  of  Providence  with  water. 

Pawtuxett,  a  post-office  of  Wakulla  co.,  Fla. 

Pax  Augusta,  the  ancient  name  of  Badajos. 

Paxi'nos,  a  post-village  in  Shamokin  township,  North- 
umberland CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Shamokin  division  of  the  North- 
ern Central  Railroad,  13  miles  E.  of  Sunbury,  and  about  10 
miles  S.  of  Danville.  Coal  is  mined  near  it.  It  hai  a 
powder-mill,  a  tannery,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Pax  Julia,  the  ancient  name  of  Beja. 

Pax'o  (anc.  Pax'u»),  tho  smallest  of  the  7  principal 
Ionian  Islands,  10  miles  S.  of  Corfu  and  S.W.  of  the  coii.ft 
of  Acarnania,  6  miles  long  from  N.  to  S.,  and  2  miles  broad. 
Pop.  3582.  Surface  rocky.  Principal  product,  oil  of  the 
finest  quality.  On  the  E.  side  of  the  island  is  tho  capital, 
Gayo.     Anti-Paxo  is  an  islet  li  miles  S.E.  of  the  obove. 

Pax'ton*  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ford  co..  Hi.,  in  Pax- 
ton  township,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  (Chicago  di- 
vision) where  it  crosses  the  Bloomington  division  of  tho 
Wabash  Railroad,  103  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Chicago,  and  49 
miles  E.  of  Bloomington.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a 
national  bank,  1  other  bank,  1  or  2  newspaper  offices,  6 
churches,  a  plough-factory,  a  carriage-factory,  and  the  Au- 
gustana  College  (Evangelical  Lutheran),  which  was  organ- 
ized in  1860.     Pop.  in  1880,  1725;  in  1890,  2187. 

Paxton,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co.,  Ind.,  on  Bus- 
seron  Creek,  and  on  the  Evansville  &  Terre  Haute  Rail- 
road, 32  miles  S.  of  Terre  Haute.     It  has  a  church. 

Paxton,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Worcester  co., 
Mass.,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Worcester.  It  has  a  church,  and 
manufactures  of  boots  and  shoes.     Pop.  of  township,  60i).  \ 

Paxton*  a  post-hamlet  of  Redwood  co.,  Minn.,  on  the! 
Minnesota  Valley  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Redwood  Falls. 
It  has  a  store  and  an  elevator. 

Paxton,  a  township  of  Ross  co.,  0.     Pop.  1738. 

Paxton*  a  post-office  of  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Sus- 
quehanna River,  34  miles  above  llarrisburg. 

Pax'tonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Snyder  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Sunbury  <fc  Lewistown  Railroad,  at  Benfer  Station,  13  mile* 
W.  of  Selin's  Grove.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  Ao, 

Paxus,  the  ancient  name  of  Paxo. 

Payas,  a  town  of  Syria.     See  Baias. 

Pay  Down,  a  post-hamlet  of  Maries  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Gasconade  River,  20  miles  N.  by  W.  from  St.  James  Station. 
It  has  a  woollen-factory,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Payen-Dwen,  a  valley  of  Burmah.    See  HuKOXO. 

Payenne,  pa-en',  a  township  of  Manitou  co.,  Alich. 
Pop.  287.     It  comprises  islands  in  Lake  Michigan. 

Payerne,  pi'yaian'  (Ger.  Peterlinr/ev,  pi't§r-ling\n), 
a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Vaud,  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  I 
Lausanne,  on  the  Broye.     Pop.  3259.  ] 

Payette  (pa-4t')  River,  Idaho,  rises  in  Bois6  co.,  runs 
westward  through  Ada  co.,  and  enters  the  Snake  or  Lewis 
River  about  lat.  44°  6'  N.  It  is  nearly  150  miles  long. 
Gold  is  found  near  this  river. 

Payette  Store,  a  post-office  of  Ada  co.,  Idaho. 

Paymatooning  Creek.    See  Pymatuxino  CaEKh. 

Payne,  pain,  a  post-village  in  Harrison  township, 
Paulding  co.,  0.,  on  Crooked  Creek,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Paul- 
ding.    It  has  a  church. 

Payne's,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Ky. 

Payne's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  in  Brookficld  town- 
ship, Trumbull  co.,  0.,  i  mile  from  Brookfleld  station,  and 
about  10  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Youngstown.     It  has  a  church. 

Payne's  Creek,  a  township  of  Tehama  co.,  Cal. 

Payne's  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Lexington  division  of  the  Louisville,  Cincinnati  A 
Lexington  Railroad,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Lexington. 


PAY 


2125 


PEA 


Payne's  Store,  a  hamlet  of  Dougherty  co.,  Qa.,  on 
the  Brunswick  <fe  Albany  llailroad. 

Payne's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hunt  co.,  Tex.,  16 
miles  N.  of  Terrell.     It  has  a  church. 

Paynesville,  panz'vll,  a  post-village  of  Stearns  co., 
Minn.,  on  the  North  Fork  of  Crow  River,  about  30  miles 
AV.S.Vv.  of  St.  Cloud.  It  has  2  churches  and  2  flour-mills. 
Pop.  of  township,  363. 

Paynesville,  a  post-village  of  Pike  co.,  Mo.,  about  64 
miles  jS\W.  of  St.  Louis.     It  has  4  or  5  general  stores. 

Paynesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Culpeper  co.,  Va.,  about 
64  miles  W.S.W.  of  Washington,  D.C. 
Paynesville,  a  post-office  of  Milwaukee  co..  Wis. 
Payneville,  pan'vil,  a  hamlet  of  Sumter  co.,  Ala.,  on 
Sucarnoochee  Creek,  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Narkeeta. 

Payneville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Meade  co.,  Ky.,  48  miles 
S.W.  of  Louisville.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Payn-Ganga,  pin-ging'gi,  or  Pain-Gunga,  pin- 
gting'gi,  a  river  of  India,  in  Gundwana,  joins  the  Wurdah. 
Length,  200  miles. 

Paysandu,  or  Paisandu,  pl-sin-doo',  a  town  of 
Uruguay,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  river  Uruguay,  15  miles 
above  Concepcion.     Pop.  2388.     It  is  the  capital  of  a  de- 
partment of  the  same  name. 
Pays-Bas  ("  Low  Countries").    See  Netherlands. 
Pays  de  Caux,  a  district  of  France.    See  Cacx. 
Pays  de  Vaud,  Switzerland.    Sec  Vaud. 
Payson,  pa'sgn,  a  post-village  in  Payson   township, 
Adiims  CO.,  111.,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Quincy.     It  has  a  graded 
tchool,  4  churches,  a  ncwpaper  office,  and  manufactures  of 
farming-implements.     Pop.  700;  of  township,  1881. 

Payson,  a  post-village  of  Utah  co.,  Utah,  on  the  Utah 
Southern  Railroad,  66  miles  S.  of  Salt  Lake  City,  and  near 
the  S.  end  of  Utah  Lake.  It  has  a  church  and  a  manufac- 
tory of  furniture. 

Payta,  or  Paita,  pi'ti,  a  seaport  town  of  Peru,  de- 
partmentofTrujillo,  between  Sechura  Bay  and  Cape  Blanco. 
Lat.  5°  5'  30"  S. ;  Ion.  81°  8'  30"  AV.  It  is  connected  by 
nil  with  Piura.  It  is  built  on  the  S.E.  side  of  the  bay, 
and  is  the  entrepot  of  the  province  of  Piura.  The  port 
it  the  best  on  this  coast,  and  the  town  has  a  rising  foreign 
1  eommcrce.     Pop.  5000. 

Pay  Up,  a  post-office  of  Hart  co.,  Ga. 
Peabody,  pee'bod-e,  a  post-village  in  Peahody  town- 
ship, Marion  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa 
I  F6  Railroad,  56  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Emporia,  and  18  miles 
1  N.E.  of  Newton.  It  has  a  money-order  post-office,  a  news- 
paper office,  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  2  banking- 
I  houses.  Pop.  in  1890,  1474;  of  the  township,  2118. 
I  Peabody,  a  post-village  in  Peabody  township,  Essex 
'  CO.,  Mass.,  at  the  junction  of  the  Lawrence  and  Wakefield 
'  Branch  Railroads  with  the  Salem  &  Lowell  Railroad,  2  miles 
:  W.  of  Salem,  and  16  miles  N.N-E.  of  Boston.  It  contains 
I  7  churches,  2  national  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high 
I  school,  and  the  Peabody  Institute,  in  which  are  a  library  of 
I  about  15,000  volumes  and  a  collection  of  jiaintings,  Ac. 
',  This  place  was  named  in  honor  of  George  Peabody,  who 
;  was  born  here.  The  township,  which  was  formerly  called 
'  South  Danvers,  has  manufactures  of  carriages,  leather,  and 
glue.     Pop.  in  1890,  10,168. 

Peabody,  a  post-village  in  Grey  co.,  Ontario,  22i  miles 
|S.  of  Owen  Sound.     Pop.  300. 

j  Peabody  Bay,  a  large  body  of  water  intervening  be- 
j  twoen  the  N.  shore  of  Greenland  and  the  land  called  Wash- 
ington. At  its  western  curve  (lat.  80°  12'  W.)  it  gives  exit 
.to  a  large  channel  which  expands  to  the  northward  and  was 
iformerly  thought  to  be  an  open  polar  sea. 

Peabody  Station,  a  hamlet  of  Caledonia  co.,  Vt., 
■  on  the  Montpelier  &  Wells  River  Railroad,  22  miles  E.  of 
jJIontpelier. 

Peace,  a  post-village  in  Sterling  township,  Rice  co., 
Kansas,  near  the  Arkansas  River,  and  on   the  Atchison, 
'Topeka  <fc  Santa  F6  Railroad,  125  miles  W.  of  Emporia, 
find  18  miles  W.  of  Hutchinson.   It  has  2  newspaper  offices, 
|2  churches,  a  flouring-mill,  &c.     Pop.  about  4-00. 
i    Peace  Creek,  Polk  co.,  Fla.    See  Bartow. 
Peace  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Barton  co.,  Kansas. 
Peacedale,  peess'dal,  a  post-village  in  South  Kingg- 
lon  township,  Washington  co.,  R.I.,  about  30  miles  S.  of 

!l  ['rovidence,  and  3  miles  S.  of  Kingston.  It  has  a  handsome 
itone  church,  and  a  large  manufactory  of  woollen  shawls 
ind  worsted  goods. 
'  Peace  River,  a  largo  river  of  British  North  America, 
v-ises  by  two  heads  near  55°  N.  lat.  and  120°  to  123°  W. 
on.,  flows  at  first  N.,  and,  after  receiving  Finlay's  River, 
)reaks  through  the  Rocky  Mountains.  It  has  thenceforth 
I  generally  N.E.  course  to  near  Lake  Athabasca,  where  it 


again  turns  N.,  and,  under  the  name  of  Slave  River,  enten 
the  Great  Slave  Lake  near  lat.  61°  N.,  Ion.  113°  30'  W.  To- 
tal course  estimated  at  1100  miles.  It  receives  the  surplus 
waters  of  Lake  Athabasca,  and  gives  name  to  a  territory 
between  lat.  55°  40'  and  60°  N.  and  Ion.  112°  and  115°  W. 

Pence  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Howell  co.,  Mo.,  70 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Salem.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  75. 

Peacham,  peech'am,  a  post-village  and  township  of 
Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  about  20  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Montpelier. 
It  has  a  grammar-school  and  2  churches.     Pop.  1141. 

Peach  Belt,  a  post-office  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  3  miles 
W.  of  Fennville. 

Peach  Bot'tom,  a  station  in  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Columbia  &  Port  Deposit  Railroad,  26  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Columbia.  Here  the  above  railroad  crosses  the  Peach  Bot- 
tom llailroad.     Here  is  Peter's  Creek  Post-Office. 

Peach  Bottom,  a  post-hamlet  in  Peiich  Bottom  town- 
ship, York  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on 
the  Peach  Bottom  Railroad,  opposite  the  above.  It  has  3 
churches  near  it.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2366. 

Peach  Bottom,  a  post-office  of  Grayson  co.,  Va. 

Peach  Creek,  of  Gonzales  co.,  Tex.,  runs  southward, 
and  enters  the  Guadalupe  River. 

Peach  Creek,  Texas,  drains  part  of  Montgomery  oo., 
runs  S.,  and  enters  the  San  Jacinto  River  in  Harris  co. 

Peach  Creek,  a  village  in  Sherman  township,  Wash- 
ington CO.,  Kansas,  on  Peach  Creek,  15  miles  N.  of  Clay 
Centre,  and  about  45  miles  N.W.  of  Manhattan.  It  has  a 
hotel  and  3  stores. 

Peach  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Panola  co..  Miss. 

Peach'er'8  Mill,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co., 
Tex.,  on  the  West  Fork  of  Red  River,  8  miles  N.  of  Clarks- 
ville.     It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Peach  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  in  Goshen  township.  Clay 
CO.,  Kansas,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Clay  Centre. 

Peach  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pendleton  co.,  Ky.,  5- 
miles  N.E.  of  Butler  Railroad  Station.     It  has  2  churches 

Peach  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Sarpy  co.,  Nebraska. 

Peach  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Tenn.,  8 
miles  from  Greeneville.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  tannery. 

Peach  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Rockingham  co.,  Va, 

Peach  Island,  Ontario,  is  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Lak« 
St.  Clair. 

Peach'land,  a  post-office  of  Osage  co.,  Mo. 

Peach  Or'chard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  Ark.,  on 
the  Cairo  &  Fulton  Railroad,  142i  miles  N.E.  of  Little 
Rock.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Peach  Orchard,  township.  Ford  eo.,  111.     Pop.  374. 

Peach  Orchard,  a  hamlet  in  Hector  township, Schuy- 
ler CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Seneca  Lake,  about  9  miles 
N.  of  AVatkins.  Peaches  and  grapes  abound  here.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Hector. 

Peach  Stone  Shoals,  a  post-office  of  Henry  co.,  Ga, 

Peach  Tree,  a  post-office  of  Monterey  co.,  Cal. 

Peach  Tree,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  N.C. 

Peach  Tree,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jasper  co.,  Tex.,  60 
miles  N.  of  Beaumont.     It  has  2  churches. 

Peach'tree  Creek,  of  Georgia,  enters  the  Chattahoo- 
chee River  in  Do  Kalb  co.,  a  few  miles  N.W,  of  Atlanta. 

Peachtree  Creek,  of  North  Carolina,  flows  into  Tar 
River  near  the  S.E.  border  of  Nash  co. 

Peach  Tree  Grove,  a  hamlet  of  Nash  co.,  N.C,  20 
miles  from  Rocky  Mount.    It  has  a  cliurch  and  a  flour-mill. 

Peachville,  Butler  co.,  Pa.    See  Buena  Vista. 

Peacock  Island,  Low  Archipelago.    See  Ahii. 

Peacock's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Johnstuu 
CO.,  N.C. 

Peacock's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Columbus  co.,  N.C, 
on  the  Wilmington,  Columbia  <fc  Augusta  Railroad. 

Pea  Cove,  a  post-office  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  on  the 
Bangor  &  Piscataquis  Railroad,  17  miles  N.  of  Bangor. 

Peage,  p4^izh',  a  town  of  France,  in  Iscre,  10  mile* 
S.S.W.  of  Vienne.     Pop.  1638. 

Peak,  peek,  or  High  Peak,  a  wild  and  mountainous 
district  of  England,  in  the  N.W.  angle  of  the  co.  of  Derby. 
It  abounds  in  lead,  and  in  extraordinary  caverns  in  the 
limestone  rocks.    See  Castleton. 

Peak  Creek,  a  township  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C.     P.  1005. 

Peaked  Hill,  New  Hampshire.    See  Mount  Agassiz. 

Peake's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Spottsylvania 
CO.,  Va. 

Peake's  (peeks)  Turn'out,  a  post-office  of  Hanover 
CO.,  Va.,  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  at  Peake's 
Station,  15  miles  N.  of  Richmond. 

Peakesville,  peeks'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarke  co., 
Mo.,  7  miles  N.  of  Cahoka  Station.     It  has  2  churchca. 

Peak  of  Derby.    See  Peak.  -mJI  Iiiij'l 


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2126 


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Fcak'a  Island,  a  post-villngo  and  (ummer  resort  of 
CuniberlnnJ  w.,  Mo.,  ig  in  Ciisco  liay,  3  luilea  E.  of  Port* 
land.  It  id  on  an  i^lct  which  has  an  area  of  SUO  acres, 
and  oouimunioates  with  Portland  by  a  cteam  ferry.  It 
contains  a  churoh  and  several  hotels.  Ciisco  Bay,  enclosing 
about  365  islands,  is  remarkable  for  beautiful  scenery. 

Peak's  Mill,  a  nost-otKoe  of  Franklin  co.,  Ky. 

Peaks  of  Ua'clctail,  in  the  E.  part  of  Colorado, 
near  the  source  of  Eagle  Uivcr,  are  in  about  lat.  S9°  4U' 
N.,  Ion.  106°  20'  W. 

Peaks  of  Ot'ter,  Virginia,  tvo  summits  of  the  Blue 
Ilidge,  are  on  the  boundary  between  the  cus.  of  Bedford 
and  Botetourt,  having;  an  altitude  of  about  4000  feet. 

Peak  Station,  South  Carolina.     See  Alston. 

Pcaks'ville,  a  post-offioe  of  Bedford  oo.,  Va. 

Peapack,  poe'p&k,  a  post-village  in  Bedminstor  town- 
ship, Somerset  co.,  N.J.,  II  miles  W.S.W.  of  Morristown. 
It  has  a  Hour-mill,  2  churches,  and  several  lime-kilns. 

Pea  Patch,  a  post-olHce  of  Buchanan  co.,  Va. 

Pea  Point,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn. 

Pearce's  Alills,  a  ])ost-office  of  Marion  oo.,  Ala. 

Peard,  pd-and'  (?),  an  island  in  the  South  Pacific,  near 
the  centre  of  the  Gambler  group.  Lat.  23°  7'  5S"  8. ;  Ion. 
134°  55'  21"  W.     It  is  about  6  miles  in  length. 

Pea  Kidge,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ala. 

Pea  Ilidge,  a  hamlet  in  Benton  oo.,  Ark.,  several 
miles  E.  of  Bcntonville.  It  was  the  scene  of  a  battle  in 
March,  1862,  between  the  Union  forces  under  General 
Samuel  R.  Curtis  and  the  Confederates  under  General  Van 
Dorn.     The  former  remained  master  of  the  field. 

Pea  Kidgc,  a  township  of  Brown  co..  111.     Pop.  1011. 

Pea  Ilidge,  a  post-office  of  Kemper  co.,  Miss. 

Pea  Ilidge,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Tenn. 

Pcar'isburg,  or  Pa'risburg,  a  post-village,  capital 
of  Giles  CO.,  Va.,  in  a  mountainous  country,  on  New  River, 
about  100  miles  W.  of  Lynchburg.  It  has  a  newspaper 
office,  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Pea  lliver,  Alabama,  drains  parts  of  Barbour  and 
Pike  COS.,  and  runs  southwestward  to  Elba,  in  Coffee  co. 
Below  this  place  it  runs  southward  to  the  northern  border 
of  Florida,  and  enters  the  Choctawhatchee  River  at  or  near 
Geneva,  in  Alabama. 

Pea  River,  a  post-office  of  Barbour  co.,  Ala. 

Pearl,  a  former  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Mississippi, 
vith  an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  was  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  the  Pearl  River,  and  partly  drained  by  Wolf 
River.  It  has  recently  been  attached  to  Hancock  co.  Its 
capital  was  Riceville. 

Pearl,  a  township  of  Pike  CO.,  111.  Pop.  628.  It  con- 
tains Bee  Creek. 

Pearl,  a  post-office  of  Elk  co.,  Kansas. 

Pearl  City,  a  village  of  Tipton  co.,  Tenn.  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Pearl  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Rochester  &  State  Line  Railroad,  35  miles  S.W.  of 
Rochester. 

Pearl  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co.,  111.,  in  Pearl 
township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  35  miles  S.W. 
of  Jacksonville,  and  i  mile  W.  of  the  Illinois  River. 

Pearl'ington,  n  post-village  of  Hancock  co..  Miss.,  on 
Pearl  River,  10  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  40  miles  N.E. 
of  New  Orleans.    It  has  3  churches  and  a  saw-mill.    P.  629. 

Pearl  Island,  Newfoundland,  is  in  the  Bay  of  Islands, 
on  it.s  W.  coast. 

Pearl  Islands.    See  Low  Archipelago. 

Pearl  Islands,  republic  of  Colombia,  are  in  the 
Bay  of  Panama,  60  miles  S.E.  of  Panama.  They  consist 
of  the  islands  del  Rey,  San  Jos6,  and  Pedro  Gonzales,  with 
many  islets,  and  owe  their  name  to  their  pearl-fisheries. 

Pearl  La^goon',  Nicaragua,  30  miles  N.  of  IJluefields, 
is  an  inlet  of  the  Caribbean  Sea,  25  miles  in  length  by  12 
miles  in  width.     OS  its  entrance  are  the  Pearl  Keys. 

Pearl  River,  Mississippi,  rises  near  the  N.  border  of 
Winston  co.,  and  runs  southwestward  to  the  city  of  Jackson. 
Below  this  place  it  flows  nearly  southward,  and  intersects 
the  COS.  of  Lawrence  and  Marion.  It  forms  the  eastern 
boundary  of  Washington  and  St.  Tammany  parishes  of 
Louisiana,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Its  length  is 
estimated  at  400  miles.  In  the  last  half  of  its  course  it 
traverses  a  level  and  sandy  country. 

Pearl  lliver,  a  post-office  of  Rockland  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
New  Jersey  &  New  York  Railroad,  27  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City. 

Pearl  lliver,  China,    See  Cantox  River. 

Pearl  lliver,  a  post-office  of  St.  Tammany  parish,  La., 
oil  West  Pearl  River,  at  Indian  Village,  15  miles  N.  of 
Kigolet's  Station. 

Pearl  Rock,  a  hamlet  of  Chickasaw  oo.,  Iowa,  on 


Cedar  River,  and  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  3  mllet 
S.  of  Nashua.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  an  elevator. 

Pearsall's,  pcer'sawlz,  a  post-village  of  Queens  oo., 
N.Y.,  in  Hempstead  township,  on  the  Southern  Railroad, 
IS  miles  E.  of  Brooklyn,  and  1  or  2  miles  from  the  ocean. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  tinware,  &o. 

Pearson,  peer's9n,  a  post-village  of  Coffee  co.,  Ga.,  OD 
the  Brunswick  &  Albany  Railroad,  S9  miles  W.  of  Brunt- 
wick.     It  has  a  church  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Pearson,  Illinois  and  Michigan.    See  Tiersox, 

Pearson,  a  post-bamlet  in  Jasper  township,  Fayette 
oo„  0.,  on  the  Columbus,  Washington  &  Cincinnati  llailroad, 

Pearson's  Corner,  a  post-office  of  Kent  co.,  Del. 

Pearson's  Mills,  a  post-oflice  of  Madison  co.,  Ala. 

Pease,  peez,  a  township  of  Belmont  co.,  0.  Pop.  5211. 
It  contains  Bridgeport,  Martin's  Ferry,  <tc. 

Peasefort,  peez'fort,  post-office,  Custer  co.,  Montana. 

Peaseleevillc,  pcez'l^-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Salmon  River,  about  13  miles  S.W.  of  Platt*- 
burg.     It  has  an  iron-forge. 

Pea  Vine,  a  mining-village  of  Washoe  co.,  Nevada,  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Reno. 

Pebble,  peb'b?l,  a  post-village  of  Dodge  co.,  Neb.,  on 
Pebble  Creek,  1  mile  from  Scribner,  near  Elkhorn  River, 
and  23  miles  N.N.W,  of  Fremont.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Pebble,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  0.     Pop.  1422. 

Pebble  Creek,  Nebraska,  rises  in  Stanton  co.,  mni 
southeastward,  and  enters  the  Elkhorn  River  in  Dodge  co. 

Pecan,  pe-kan'  or  pe-kawn',  post-office.  Delta  co.,  Tex. 

Pecan  (or  Peccan)  Bayou,  of  Texas,  a  eiream 
which  enters  the  Colorado  from  the  N.W.  .in  Travis  co. 

Pecan  Creek,  Texas,  runs  southeastward  through 
Navarro  co.,  and  enters  the  Trinity  River  in  Freestone  co. 

Pecan  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coryell  co.,  Tex.,  40 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Waco. 

Pecan  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mississippi  co.,  Ark., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  36  miles  above  Memphis. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Pecan  Point,  a  hamlet  of  Red  River  co.,  Tex.,  on 
Red  River,  14  miles  N.  of  Walker  Station.  Here  ia  a 
steamboat-landing. 

Pec'aton'ica,  or  Pek^aton'ica,  local  pron.  pik-^- 
ton'ik,  a  post-village  in  Pecatonica  township,  Winnebago 
CO.,  111.,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the  Freeport 
Branch  of  the  Chicago  <t  Northwestern  Railroad,  14  mild 
W.  of  Rockford,  and  14  miles  E.  of  Freeport.  It  contains 
6  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  a  bank,  a 
machine-shop,  2  carriage-shops,  itc.     Pop.  in  1890,  1059. 

Pecatonica  River  is  formed  by  two  branches  which 
rise  in  Iowa  co.,  Wis.,  and  unite  in  the  S.  part  of  that  state. 
It  runs  S.E.  to  Freeport,  111.,  below  which  it  flows  E.  and 
N.E.,  and  enters  Rock  River  at  Rockton,  111.  It  is  nearly 
150  miles  long,  including  one  branch. 

Peccioli,  p5t'eho-le,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  prov- 
ince and  20  miles  S.E.  of  Pisa.     Pop.  of  commune,  5745. 

Pecetto,  pA-ch5t'to,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Alessandria,  3  miles  from  Valenza.     Pop.  2034,  ' 

Pecetto,  or  Pccetto-Torinese,  pd-chfit'to-to-re- 
nd'sd,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Turin. 

Pechchanoe,  or  Pcchtchanoe,  pfiK  chi-no'i,  a 
town  of  Russia,  in  Poltava,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Pereslavl. 

Pe-Chee-Lee,  p^'chce'lee',  Chec-Lee,  or  Chi- 
Li,  chee'lee',  the  northernmost  province  of  China,  mostly 
between  lat.  35°  and  41°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  114°  and  120°  E., 
having  N.  Mongolia,  E.  the  Gulf  of  Pe-Chce-Lee,  and  on 
other  sides  the  provinces  of  Shan-Toong,  Shan-See,  and  llo- 
Nan.  Area,  58,949  square  miles.  Pop.  27,990,871.  It  is 
the  least  productive  province  of  China  proper,  and  owes  its 
chief  importance  to  containing  the  capital  (Peking),  and 
the  great  depots  of  rice  and  salt  for  the  internal  8upi)ly  of 
the  empire,  and  of  the  cattle  sent  into  China  from  Mon- 
golia. Coal  of  inferior  quality  is  raised  in  considerable 
quantities.  The  province  is  divided  into  11  departments. 
Chief  cities,  Peking  and  Yung-Ping. 

Pechina,  pi-chee'ni,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
4  miles  from  Almeria,  on  the  river  Almeria.     Pop.  2113. 

Pechinum,  a  Latin  name  of  Peki.xg. 

Pechlarn,  piK'laun,  Gross,  groce,  and  Kleik,  klloe, 
contiguous  towns  of  Lower  Austria,  19  miles  W.  of  St. 
Polten.     United  pop.  1364. 

Pechor,  pi^chor',  a  considerable  town  of  India,  24 
miles  S.E.  of  Gwalior. 

Pechtchanoe,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Pechchasob. 

Peck,  a  post-office  of  Worth  co.,  Ga, 

Peck,  a  post-village  in  Elk  township,  Sanilac  co., 
Mich.,  14i  miles  W.  of  Lexington.  It  has  3  stores,  2  grist- 
mills, 2  saw -mills,  &t.     Pop.  about  200. 


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2127 


PEE 


Peckatonica,  Illinois.    See  Pecatonica. 

Peckelsheiiii,  pdk'^ls-lilmoS  or  Fekclsen,  pSk'^l- 
fin,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  50  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Minden.     Pop.  1486. 

reck'ham,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  form- 
in"  a  suburb  of  the  metropolis,  about  3  miles  S.S.E.  of  St. 
Paul's,  London.     Pop.  42,160. 

Pccli'port,  or  Pecks'port,  a  hamlet  in  Eaton  town- 
ship, Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  &  Oswego  Mid- 
land Railroad,  26  miles  from  Utica.    It  has  a  cheese-factory. 

Pecks'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hendricks  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  &  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  22  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Indianapolis.     It  has  a  church. 

Peck's  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Upshur  co.,  W.  Va.,  21 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Clarksburg.  It  has  a  hotel  and  2  gen- 
eral stores.     There  are  2  churches  near  it. 

Pecks'viile,  a  hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  4  miles 
N.W.  of  Towner's  Station. 

Peckville,  Lackawanna  co..  Pa.    See  Blakelt. 

Pecon'ic,  a  post-hamlet  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
[  Long  Island  Railroad,  J  of  a  mile  from  Long  Island  Sound, 
and  14  miles  E.  of  Riverhead.     Pop.  about  140. 

Pecos,  pi'koce,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Texas,  has 
an  arta  of  about  6700  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  and  N.E.  by  the  Pecos  River,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  Rio 
Grande.  Capital,  Fort  Stockton,  on  Comanche  Creek.  Pop. 
in  1880,  1807;  in  1890,  1326. 

Pecos  Iliver,  or  Rio  Pecos,  roe'o  pA'koce,  rises  in 
the  Rocky  Mountains,  in  San  Miguel  co..  New  Me.vico,  and 
runs  in  a  S.S.E.  direction  through  extensive  arid  table- 
lands nearly  destitute  of  forests.  It  enters  Texas  at  a 
point  about  lat.  32°  N.  and  Ion.  104°  W.  Rclow  this  point 
it  runs  southeastward,  and  enters  the  Rio  Grande  near  lat. 
29°  40'  N.  and  Ion.  101°  20'  W.     Length,  about  800  miles. 

Pecq,  Le,  l^h  p6k,  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine-et- 
Oise,  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Versailles,  on  the  Seine,  and  on  a 
railway  from  Paris  to  Saint-Germain.     Pop.  1601, 

Pecqiiea  Creek,  Pennsylvania.    See  Pequea. 

Pecs,  a  village  of  Hungary.     See  FUnfkirchen. 

Pecska,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Petzka. 

Pecu'liar,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co..  Mo.,  6  miles  S. 
of  Raymore  Station.     It  has-2  churches  and  2  stores. 

Pedara,  pi-di'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  7  miles  N.N.AV.  of 
Catania,  on  the  S.  slope  of  Mt.  Etna.     Pop.  3634. 

Pedda  Ualapoor,  a  town  of  India.    See  Ballapoou. 

Ped'dapoor',  a  town  of  India,  presidency  of  Madras, 
,  26  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rajahmundry.  It  is  well  built,  and 
near  it  are  ruined  fortifications.     Pop.  9202. 

Pedee,  pe-dee'  or  pe'de,  a  post-office  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa, 
about  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Davenport. 

Pedee,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  040. 

Pedee,  a  township  of  Georgetown  co.,  S.C.    Pop.  2400. 

Pedee,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  S.C.    Pop.  1113. 

Pedee,  a  post-office  of  Green  co..  Wis. 

Pedee  (or  Great  Pedee)  River  rises  in  North  Car- 
olina, and  is  called  the  Yadkin  in  the  first  part  of  its  course. 
The  name  Pedee  is  given  to  the  part  which  is  in  South 
I  Carolina,  and  perhaps  to  all  that  is  below  the  mouth  of 
I  Rocky  River.  It  enters  South  Carolina  about  10  miles  N. 
|of  Cheraw,  runs  in  a  S.S.E.  direction  through  Marion  co., 
'  receives  the  Little  Pedee  and  the  Waccamaw,  and  enters 
Winyaw  Bay  in  Georgetown  co.  Sloops  can  ascend  it 
about  120  miles.  It  is  navigable  for  steamers  to  Gardner's 
Jiluff.  fhe  Little  Pedee  rises  in  North  Carolina,  drains 
parts  of  Richmond  and  Robeson  cos..in  that  state,  runs  south- 
ward into  South  Carolina,  forms  the  W.  boundary  of  Horry 
CO.,  and  enters  the  Pedee  at  the  S.  extremity  of  Marion  co. 

Pe'den,  a  post-office  of  Kemper  co.,  Miss. 

Pedernales,  pi-d§r-nJ.'158  (or  Perdinales,  p§r-de- 
ni'Iis)  River,  Texas,  rises  in  Gillespie  co.,  runs  eastward 
through  Blanco  co.,  and  enters  the  Colorado  River  about  24 
miles  N.W.  of  Austin.     Its  length  is  about  110  miles. 

Pederneira,  pi-d5n-ni'e-ri,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
Estremadura,  5  miles  W.N.W.  of  Alcobaja,  on  the  Bay  of 
Pederneira.     Pop.  3209. 

Pedir,  pi-deer',  a  town  of  Sumatra,  on  its  N.  coast,  50 
miles  S.E.  of  Acheen. 

Ped'lar  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Amherst  co.,  Va.,  12 
miles  N.W.  of  Burford's.    It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Ped'Iar's  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Chatham  co.,  N.C. 

Pedlar's  Run,  a  post-office  of  Monongalia  co.,  W.  Va. 

Pcdra-Branca,  pi'drabiin'kil,  a  town  of  Brazil, 
itate  iind  90  miles  W.N  W.  of  Bahia. 

Pedraza,  pi-dri's4,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  38  miles  W. 
)f  Barinas. 

Pedrera,  p&-i)r4'rJl,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
Movince  and  58  miles  E.S.B.  of  Seville.     Pop.  1539. 


Ped-'ricktown,  a  post-village  in  Upper  Pcnn's  Neck 
township,  Salem  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Delaware  Shore  Railroad, 
4  miles  E.  of  Penn's  Grove,  and  25  miles  S.W.  of  Caudcn. 
It  has  3  or  4  churches. 

Pedro-Abad,  pi'oro-i-Bid',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  An- 
dalusia, province  and  20  miles  from  Cordova.     Pop.  1891. 

Pedro  -  Bernardo,  p4'Dro-b5R-naR'do,  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  30  miles  S.S.W.  of  Avila.   Pop.  2496. 

Pcdroches,  pi-Dro'chfis  (anc.  Solia),!i  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  33  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cordova.     Pip.  2000. 

Pedrogsio  Grande,  pi-dro-g6wN»'  grin'dd,  a  village 
of  Portugal,  in  Estremadura,  27  miles  N.E.  of  Thomar,  on 
the  Zezcre.  Pop.  3201.  The  town  of  Pedrogao  Peijueno, 
pi-dro-gowN"'  p4-ki'no,  is  on  the  Zezere,  almost  opposite  to 
the  former.     Pop.  2499. 

Pcdro-Munoz,  pi'oro moon-yoth',  a  town  of  bpain, 
province  and  36  miles  N.E.  of  Ciudad  Real.     Pop.  2600. 

Pedroueras,  Las,  Spain.    See  Las  Pedroneras. 

Pedroso,  pi-nro'so,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  IS 
miles  S.W.  of  Logrono.     Pop.  865. 

Pedroso,  El,  fil  pi-nro'so,  a  town  of  Spain,  proviuco 
and  32  miles  N.E.  of  Seville,  with  iron-works.     Pop.  2641. 

Peebles,  pee'b^lz,  Peeblesshire,  pee'b§l-shir,  or 
Twced'dale,  an  inland  county  of  Scotland,  having  N. 
the  CO.  of  Edinburgh,  E.  Selkirk,  AV.  Lanark,  and  S.  Dum- 
fries. Area,  356  square  miles.  Much  of  the  surface  is  in 
mountain,  moor,  and  bog,  but  well  wooded.  The  Broadlaw 
rises  to  2741  feet  in  height.  Principal  rivers,  the  Tweed, 
witH  its  tributaries.  Large  numbers  of  sheep  and  cattle 
are  reared.  Coal  is  raised  in  the  N.W.,  and  a  few  manu- 
factures of  woollens  are  carried  on.  Peebles,  the  capital, 
is  its  only  town  of  importance.  The  county  sends  one 
member  to  the  House  of  Commons.     Pop.  (1S91)  14,760. 

Peebles,  a  town  of  Scotland,  capital  of  the  above 
county,  on  the  Tweed,  hero  crossed  by  a  good  bridge,  and 
joined  by  the  Eddleston,  21  miles  S.  of  Edinburgh.  Peebles 
is  the  terminus  of  2  railways.  Pop.  of  town,  3495.  The 
Eddleston  divides  it  into  an  old  and  a  new  town,  the  latter 
having  many  substantial  buildings.  Peebles  has  a  hand- 
some parish  church,  remains  of  various  ecclesiastical  and 
other  edifices,  a  town  house,  a  jail,  a  grammar-school,  and 
manufactures  of  various  kinds.  Here  is  the  Chambers  In- 
stitution, with  a  noble  building,  containing  a  library,  mu- 
seum, and  reading-room. 

Peebles,  pee'bglz,  a  post-office  of  Fond  du  Lao  co., 
Wis.,  on  the  Sheboygan  <fc  Fond  du  Lac  Railroad,  at  Peo- 
ble's  Corners  Station,  4  miles  E.  of  Fond  du  Lac. 

Pee  Dee,  a  post-office  of  Christian  co.,  Ky. 

Pee  Dee,  a  station  in  Richmond  co.,  N.C,  on  the  Caro- 
lina Central  Railroad  and  the  Pedee  River,  5  miles  W,  of 
Rockingham. 

Pee  Dee,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Marion  co.,  S.C, 
on  the  Wilmington,  Columbia  &,  Augusta  Railroad  and  the 
Pedee  River,  13  miles  E.  of  Florence. 

Peek's  ilill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calhoun  co.,  Ala.,  13 
miles  AV.  of  Jacksonville. 

Peeks'kill,  a  post-village  in  Cortland  township,  AV'esi- 
chester  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Hudson  River,  17 
miles  below  Newburg,  and  42  miles  N.  of  New  York,  with 
which  it  is  connected  by  the  Hudson  River  Railroad.  It  is 
near  the  place  where  the  river  emerges  from  the  Highlands, 
and  is  surrounded  by  beautiful  scenery.  It  contains  15 
churches,  a  convent,  an  academy,  several  superior  schools, 
a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  blast-furnace,  several 
iron-foundries  and  machine-shops,  gas-works,  manufactures 
of  boilers,  stoves,  hollow-ware,  brick-machines,  <fec.,  and 
printing-offices  which  issue  2  weekly  newspapers.  The  long 
panorama  presented  to  the  tourist  between  PeekskUl  and 
Newburg  is  the  most  magnificent  and  picturesque  part  of 
the  scenery  of  the  Hudson.  Peckskill  is  connected  with 
Caldwell's  Landing,  on  the  W.  bank,  by  a  steam  ferry.  It 
is  supplied  with  good  water  from  a  reservoir  or  source 
which  is  350  feet  higher  than  the  village.  Pop.  in  1870, 
6560;  in  1880,  6893;  in  1890,  9676. 

Peeks'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  Ga.,  20  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Griffin.     It  has  a  church  and  an  eclectic  school. 

Peel,  a  seaport  town  of  the  Isle  of  Man,  on  an  inlet  on 
its  W.  coast,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Douglas.  Pop.  3513,  mostly 
employed  in  fisheries.  It  has  a  harbor,  and  on  a  rocky  islet 
are  remains  of  a  fine  feudal  castle  and  ruins  of  a  cathedral 
and  an  episcopal  palace. 

Peel,  pail,  an  extensive  m.arsh  in  the  E.  part  of  the 
Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant  and  Limburg,  occuj)ying 
about  60  square  miles,  between  the  Meuse  and  the  Aa. 

Peel,  a  m.aritime  town  of  AVest  Australia,  30  miles  S. 
of  the  mouth  of  Swan  River,  and  at  the  entrance  of  Poel 
Inlet,  a  lagooF  20  miles  in  length  from  N.  to  S. 


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-  Peel*  a  county  of  OntArio,  borders  upon  the  N.W.  shore 
of  Liiko  Ontario.  It  is  natorod  by  the  ilumbor  Kivor,  and 
is  tiuverxed  by  the  Grand  Trunk,  Great  Western,  Toronto, 
Grey  A  Bruce,  und  Credit  Viillcy  Uiiilvrays.  Capital,  Brauip> 
ton.     Area,  269  square  miles.     Top.  16,:{09. 

Pcel'ed  Cheat'nut,  a  post-office  of  White  oo.,  Tenn, 

Peel  Island,  the  largest  of  the  lionin  Islands,  in  tlie 
Pocilio  Ocean,  with  Fitton  Buy,  a  cunsideriible  inlet,  at  its 
6.E.  ostrcmity.     Lot.  27°  2'  N.;  Ion.  1J2°  10'  E. 

Peel  lliver,  New  South  Wales,  called  Namoi,  or 
NammoVf  in  its  lower  course,  rises  neiir  lat.  31°  4U'  S., 
Ion.  151°  15'  E.,  flows  mostly  N.N.W.,  and,  after  a  course  of 
000  miles,  readies  the  Darlin;^  River. 

Peel  Hiver,  British  North  America,  ri^es  in  lat.  64° 
N.,  Ion.  12«°  W.,  tiows  mostly  N.W.  in  the  E.  valleys  of  the 
Rooky  Mountains,  and  joins  the  Mackenzie  at  the  com- 
mencement of  its  delta.  It  has  here  also  a  branch  connect- 
ing it  with  Rat  River.  Gneiss,  syenite,  limestone,  and 
sandstone  are  the  chief  formations  in  the  country  throuf^h 
which  it  flows.  Alum  and  lignitic  coal  are  mot  with  on  its 
banks,  and  many  furs  are  brought  by  the  Indians  from  the 
region  around  it. 

Peel  Tree,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barbour  co.,  W.  Vo.,  16 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Clarksburg.    It  has  a  church  and  a  mill. 

Pecne,  p^'n^h,  a  navigable  river  of  North  Germany, 
rises  in  Mecklenburg-Schwcrin,  enters  a  lake  connected 
with  the  Stettiner-Iiaff  in  Prussia,  and  thence  flows  N.  into 
the  Baltic,  after  a  course  of  90  miles.  Afiluents,  thoTollen 
and  Trebel.  ' 

Peencmiindc,  p&'n^h-miin^d^h,  a  village  of  Prussia, 
in  Pomcrania,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Pcene,  0  miles  N.  of 
Wolgast.     Pop.  614. 

Pee  Pee,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  0.  Pop.  2320.  It 
contains  Waverly.    See  also  Buchanan. 

Pecples,  pee'p^lz,  a  township  of  Beaufort  co.,  S.C. 
Pop.  1400. 

Peer,  pin,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Limbourg,  14  miles 
N.N.E.  of  llasselt.     Pop.  1460. 

Peer  Pui^jab,  peer  pQn-j&b',  a  town  of  Sinde,  43  miles 
N.  of  Sehwan,  and  3  miles  W.  of  the  Indus. 

Peers,  a  post-office  of  Goochland  co.,  Va. 

Pee'rysville,asmall  post-village,  capital  of  McDowell 
CO.,  W.  Va.,  60  miles  N.  of  Saltville,  Vu.  It  bos  a  church. 
Coal  is  found  near  this  place. 

Pee  Wee  Park,  a  post-village  of  Daviess  co.,  Ky.,  5 
miles  E.  of  Owcnsborough.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill, 
an  academy,  a  saw-mill,  Ac.     See  also  Pewee  Vallev. 

Pcf'ferlaw,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  10 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Cannington.  It  contains  2  stores,  a  tan- 
nery,'and  swv-,  grist.-,  and  carding-mills.     Pop.  100. 

Pegaliyar,  or  Pegalaxar,  pi-gi-li-nau',  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  9  miles  S.E.  of  Jacn.     Pop.  3029. 

Peg'asus,  or  Port  Pegasus,  a  port  on  the  S.  side 
of  Stewart  Island,  New  Zealand,  7  miles  in  length,  and 
well  sheltered,  but  for  the  most  part  too  deep  for  anchorage. 

Pegasus  Bay,  on  the  E.  side  of  South  Island,  New 
Zealand,  N.  of  Banks  Peninsula,  measures  40  miles  from  N. 
to  S.,  and  15  miles  from  E.  to  W. 

Pegau,  pA'gow,  a  town  of  Saxony,  14  miles  S.S.AV. 
of  Leipsic,  on  the  White  Elstcr.  It  has  manufactures  of 
leather,  cigars,  Ac.     Pop.  4443. 

Pegnitz,  pdg'nits,  a  river  of  Bavaria,  flows  S.  and  W., 
and  joins  the  Rednitz  at  Fiirth  to  form  the  Regnitz.  Total 
course,  60  miles. 

Peguitz,  a  walled  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Pegnitz, 
near  its  source,  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Baireuth.     Pop.  2281. 

Pego,  pA'go,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  38  miles 
N.E.  of  Alicante.  Pop.  6847.  It  has  manufactures  of 
woollen  cloth  and  basket-work.  The  neighborhood  is  irri- 
gated and  highly  productive. 

Pe'gram's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Cheatham  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis  Railroad, 
20  miles  W.  of  Nashville. 

Pegu,  pe-goo'  (Fr.  Pegou,  jii'goo'),  a  division  of  British 
Burmah,  comprising  7  districts,  and  including  all  of  the 
country  except  Aracan  and  Tenasserim.  Area,  26,979 
square  miles.  Capital,  Rangoon.  Pop.  1,662,058.  The 
Peguans  proper,  also  called  Mon,  or  Talaing,  speak  a  pe- 
culiar language,  but  are  no  longer  the  dominant  race. 

Adj  and  inhab.  Pkouan,  pe-goo'an. 

Pegu,  pe-goo'  (called  Ilagoo,  bi-goo',  by  the  natives), 
a  town  of  British  Burmah,  on  the  Pegoo  River,  a  tributary 
of  the  Irrawaddy,  at  its  delta,  68  miles  N.E.  of  Rangoon. 
Lat.  17°  40'  N.;  Ion.  96°  20'  E.  It  is  said  to  have  had 
formerly  150,000  inhabitants,  but  it  has  been  greatly  re- 
duced. Among  its  buildings  may  be  mentioned  the  tem- 
ple of  Shoe-madoo,  raised  upon  two  successive  terraces;  the 


lower,  1390  feet  square,  consists  of  an  eight-sided  pn<rn'i" 
each  side  162  feet  in  length,  and  tapering  to  360  IVi  i 
height,  surrounded  by  spires,  ornaments,  and  bcll.i.     1  . 
has  several  other  templejt,  now  montly  in  ruins;  and  niai 
all  the  site  of  the  ancient  city  is  under  water.     Pop.  41i; ;, 

Peicliaouer,  India.     See  Pksiiawkr. 

Pci-IIo,  jiiVMiO'  ("  white  river"), called  also  the Noii ii 
River,  in  China,  province  of  Pe-Chee-Lec,  rises  near  i 
Great  Wall,  flows  S.E.,  passing  K.  of  Peking,  70  miloo  S. .  i 
which  it  receives  several  tributaries,  and  enters  the  (iuli  c.f 
Pe-Chee-Lee  in  hit.  38°  33'  N.  It  is  navigable  for  bomj 
for  20  miles  from  Poking. 

Peilau,  pi'lOw,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  33  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Bre><lau.  It  has  manufactures  of  cotton  and 
linen  goods.     Pop.  7454. 

Peine,  pi'n^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  17  miles 
N.E.  of  Ilildeshcim,  on  the  railway  to  Brunswick.  Pop. 
4994.     It  has  manufactures  of  linen  fabrics  and  tobacco. 

Pcint,  pSnt,  a  native  state  of  India,  between  lat.  20° 
and  20°  27'  N.  and  about  Ion.  72°  E.  Area,  960  square 
miles.     Pop.  47,033. 

Peipus  (or  Peipoas)  Lake.    See  Lake  Peipu». 

Peirce  City,  Missouri.    See  PiEncE  City, 

Pciro,  pu'ro,  a  post-office  of  Woodbury  co.,  Iowa. 

Peisern,  pi'z^m,  or  Pyzdry,  i)iz'dree,  a  town  of  Pa- 
land,  34  miles  N.N.W.  of  Kalisz.     Pop.  3105. 

Peisey,  a  commune  of  France.     See  Pesei. 

Peishore,  India.    See  Peshawer. 

Peiskretscham,  pis'kr^t-sh&m^  or  Piscowice, 
pis^ko-^eet'sA,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  38  miles  S.E,  of 
Oppeln.  Pop.  3858.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  and 
linen  stufls,  and  potteries. 

Peitz,  or  Peiz,  pits,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Branden- 
burg, 35  miles  S.  of  Frankfort.  It  has  iron-works,  and 
manufactures  of  woollen  cloth.     Pop.  4136. 

Peize,  pi'z^h,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Drcntbe, 
11  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Assen.     Pop.  of  commune,  1381. 

Pekalongan,  pd.-k&-lon-gin',  a  town  of  Java,  in  a 
district  of  its  own  name,  on  ttie  N.  side  of  the  i.sland,  laU 
6°  55'  S.,  Ion.  109°  40'  E.,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name. 
Pop.  of.  the  residency,  505,204. 

Pekatonica,  Illinois.     See  Pecatoxica  IIiveu. 

Pekel-Aa,  p4'k?l-&,  or  Pekela,  pA'k^h-ld,  Nieuwr, 
nyii'v?h,  and  Oude,  Ow'd^h,  two  contiguous  villages  of  the 
Netherlands,  21  miles  S.E.  of  Groningen,  on  the  Aa.  Pop. 
of  Nieuwc  Pekel-Aa,  6118;  of  Oude  Pekel-Aa,  469."?.      i 

Pekclscn,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Peckelsueiu. 

Pckin,  a  city  of  China.    See  Peking. 

Pe'kin,  a  city  and  the  capital  of  Tazewell  co..  111.,  situ- 
ated on  the  left  or  S.E.  bank  of  the  Illinois  River,  10  miles 
below  Peoriii,  163  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago,  and  about  66 
miles  N.  of  Springfield.  It  is  on  the  Peoria,  I'ekin  k 
Jacksonville  Rivilroad,  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  A 
Western  Railroad,  and  the  Chicago,  Pekin  A  Southwestern 
Railroad,  and  is  the  terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  Wabash 
Railroad,  which  connects  it  with  Decatur.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  a  high  school,  2  national  banks,  9  churches, 
and  printing-offices  which  issue  1  daily  and  3  weekly  news- 
papers. It  has  steam  mills,  distilleries,  and  manufactories 
of  farming-implements,  carriages,  Ac.  Large  quantities  of 
grain  and  other  products  are  shipped  here  by  steamboat  or 
railroad.     Pop.  in  1870,  5696  ;  in  1«80,  5993  ;  in  18y0,  6347. 

Pekin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Ind.,  on  a 
branch  of  Blue  River,  and  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  4 
Chicago  Railroad,  23  miks  N.N.W.  of  New  Albany. 

Pekin,  a  hamlet  of  Jessamine  co.,  Ky.,  near  the  Ken- 
tucky River,  about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Lexington. 

Pekin,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Cumberland  A  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of 
Piedmont.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  coal-mine.     Pop.  505. 

Pekin,  a  post-village  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
"Mountain  Ridge,"  10  miles  W.  of  Lockport,  and  2  miles 
N.  of  the  Rochester  A  Niagara  Falls  Railroad.  Its  Bite 
commands  a  fine  view  of  Lake  Ontario.  It  has  2  churches, 
4  stores,  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  275. 

Pekin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.C.,  20 
miles  N.  by  AV.  of  Rockingham.     It  has  2  churches. 

Pekin,  a  post-hamlet  in  Clear  Creek  township,  Warren 
CO.,  0.,  6  miles  W,  of  Corwin  Station,  which  is  60  miles 
N.E.  of  Cincinnati. 

Pekin,  a  hamlet  of  Jefferson  co..  Pa.,  about  42  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Oil  City. 

Pekin,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co.,  Tenn. 

Pekin,  a  post-office  of  Cowlitz  co.,  Washington. 

Peeking',  or  Pe'kin'  (i.e.,  in  Chinese,  "  the  northern 
capital;"  Fr.  Peking,  or  Pikt'ii,  p4'k4N«';  Port.  Peqiilm, 
pi-keei(»'j  Sp.  Pequin,  pA-keen'j  L.  Ptcki'num  or  Pequi'' 


fEK 


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niim),  the  capital  city  of  China,  and  modern  metropolis  of 
the  Chinese  Empire,  capital  of  the  province  of  Pe-Chee- 
he&,  in  a  sandy  plain,  between  the  Pei-Ho  and  its  affluent 
the  Iloen-IIo,  100  miles  N.W.  of  the  mouth  of  the  former 
river  in  the  Yellow  Sea,  and  60  miles  S.  of  the  Great  Wall 
of  China.  Lat.  of  imperial  observatory,  39°  Si'  13"  N. ; 
Ion.  116°  28'  54"  E.  Mean  annual  temperature,  64.8° 
Fahr. ;  winter,  26.7°;  summer,  81.1°.  The  population  has 
been  estimated  (probably  much  too  highlj')  at  2,000,000. 
It  consists  of  two  contiguous  cities,  each  separately  encircled 
by  lofty  walls,  which  together  are  entered  by  16  gates. 
The  entire  circuit  is  reckoned  at  26  miles.     The  wall  is  30 

jl  "tot  high,  and  25  feet  thick  at  the  base,  diminishing  to  12 

ji  feet  at  the  top.  It  is  faced  nearly  throughout  with  large 
bricks,  laid  in  a  mortar  of  lime  and  clay,  which  in  time 
becomes  almost  as  durable  as  stone.  Square  towers,  pro- 
jecting 60  feet  from  the  outer  side  of  the  walls,  occur  at 
intervals  of  about  60  yards,  and  the  whole  is  surrounded 
by  a  ditch.  Much  of  the  enclosed  space  is  occupied  by 
gardens  and  enclosures,  the  houses  seldom  being  more  than 
one  story  in  height.  The  S.  or  Chinese  city,  the  seat  of 
jommerco  and  the  residence  of  the  majority  of  the  popula- 
tion, is  intersected  throughout  by  four  wide  and  regular 
thoroughfares,  which  abound  with  shops  of  all  descriptions 

1  and  are  continually  filled  with  a  motley  crowd.  At  the 
points  where  these  streets  meet  each  other  are  large  arches, 
but  except  these,  and  a  temple  to  the  god  of  agriculture, 
there  would  seem  to  be  no  edifices  in  this  quarter  deserving 

'  notice.  The  houses  are  of  brick,  with  red-tiled  roofs,  and 
the  city  is  unpaved  and  undrained.  The  Northern,  Tartar, 
or  imperial  city  consists  of  three  separate  enclosures.  The 
outer  of  these,  formerly  appropriated  to  the  Tartar  garrison, 

\  is  now  mostly  occupied  by  Chinese  traders ;  it,  however, 

!  contains  five  of  the  supreme  tribunals  of  the  empire.  The 
second  enclosure  (Ilwang-Ching,  "the  august  city")  is  6 
miles  in  circuit,  and  entered  by  4  large  and  several  smaller 
I  gates.  In  it  are  extensive  public  granaries,  a  military 
{  arsenal  and  seminary,  the  college  and  buildings  of  the 
I  Russian  embassy,  an  astronomical  and  a  magnetic  observa- 
:  tory,  the  great  temples  of  Ancestors  and  of  Peace,  the  lat- 
ter having  attached  to  it  an  institution  for  IJooddhist  lamas ; 
the  national  college  of  China,  and  the  residences  of  the 
great  dignitaries  of  the  empire.  The  inner  enclosure,  or 
t  "forbidden  city,"  with  walls  2  miles  in  circumference,  faced 
i  with  yellow  tiles,  and  surrounded  by  a  moat  faced  with 
masonry,  is  appropriated  to  the  public  and  private  palaces 
of  the  emperor  and  empress,  and  has  a  magnificent  temple 
of  the  imperial  ancestors,  pavilions,  gardens,  a  lake,  and 
an  artificial  mountain.  Outside  of  both  cities  are  open 
suburbs  which  present  all  the  evidences  of  an  industrious 
people  intent  on  the  pursuit  of  gain,  mercantile  bustle  per- 
vading every  quarter.  Peking  has  religious  edifices  appro- 
^priated  to  many  forms  of  religion,  the  principle  of  toleration 
being  here  carried  to  the  utmost  extent.  Among  these  are 
a  Greek  church  and  convent,  Roman  Catholic  chapel,  Islam 
mosques,  Booddhist  temples,  and  temples  dedicated  to  Con- 
ifncius  (Koong-Foo-Tseu)  and  other  deified  mortals.  In 
ithe  national  college,  Ilan-lin-yuen,  above  mentioned,  all 
{(Chinese  learning  and  literature  are  concentrated,  and  it 
I  has  professors  of  Manchoo  and  Russian.  All  religions, 
!' though  some  of  them  are  proscribed,  share  the  honor  of 
(being  sanctioned  within  its  precincts.  Among  the  other 
[learned  and  scientific  institutions  of  note  are  the  medical 
tcollege  and  the  astronomical  board.  About  10  miles 
'Vr.N.W.  of  the  city  is  an  imperial  park,  covering  at  least 
'12  square  miles,  and  containing  30  palaces  of  the  emperor 
and  great  ofiicers  of  the  state.  It  was  formerly  a  lovely 
spot,  but  was  utterly  demolished  by  the  allies   in  1860. 

i Peking  has  a  large  printing  and  bookselling  trade,  and 
jtnanufactories  of  colored   glass,  idols,  and  other  articles, 
bat  its  inhabitants  chiefly  depend  for  subsistence  on  era- 
Iployment  connected  with  the  court.     On  October  30,  1860, 
|tt  was  taken  by  the  allied  British  and  French,  since  which 
3ate  ministers  of  these  two  nations  have  been   resident 
there,  and  subsequently  American,  German,  and  Russian 
legations  have  been  established.     The  Pei-Ho  is  navigable 
[for  boats  to  within  20  miles  of  Peking,  and  communicates 
[with  the  Grand  Canal,  by  which  most  of  the  provisions  for 
'.he  supply  of  the  city  are  conveyed.     The  principal  part 
)f  the  provisions  required  comes  from  the  S.  provinces,  or 
>om  the  N.  part  of  Pe-Chee-Lee,  the  adjacent  plain  pro- 
lucing  but  a  small  amount  of  the  food  demanded.     A  con- 
iiderable  portion  of  the  taxes  levied  upon  the  productions 
'f  the  whole  empire  is  paid  in  kind,  and  is  here  stored  up ; 
he  amount  of  the  rice  alone  in  these  granaries  at  one  time 
if  the  year  is  enormous.     Peking  is  regarded  by  the  Chi- 
lese  as  one  of  their  most  ancient  cities,  but  it  was  not 


made  the  capital  of  the  country  until  its  conquest  by  tha 
Mongols,  about  1282. 

Pekini,  pA-kee'nee,  a  town  of  Turkey,  in  Albania,  on 
the  S.  bank  of  the  Scombi,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Adriatic 
Sea,  23  miles  N.N.W.  of  Berat. 

Pe'kin  Junc'tion,  a  station  of  Tazewell  co..  111.,  on 
the  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with 
the  Chicago,  Pekin  <fe  Southwestern  Railroad,  13  miles  E. 
of  Peoria,  and  5  miles  W.  of  Eureka. 

Pe'ko,  a  station  in  Elko  co.,  Nevada,  on  the  Central 
Pacific  Railroad,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Elko. 

Pel  ago,  pd,'l4-go,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  prov- 
ince and  13  miles  E.  of  Florence.  Pop.  9231,  who  manu- 
facture woollen  fabrics.  In  this  commune  is  Vallombrosa, 
formerly  the  richest  convent  in  Tuscany. 

Pelagosa,  pi-l4-go's3.,  an  island  in  the  Adriatic,  mid- 
way between  the  promontory  of  Gargano  and  Dalmatia. 

PePahat'chee  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Rankin  co., 
Miss.,  on  the  Vicksburg  <fc  Meridian  Railroad,  26  miles  E. 
of  Jackson.     It  has  a  church  and  a  school. 

Pelasgicus  Sinus,  ^gean  Sea.     See  Gulp  op  Volo. 

Peiestrina,  pA-ISs-tree'nl,  or  Palestrina,  pi-lfis- 
tree'nil,  an  island  and  town  of  Italy,  government  of  Venice, 
the  island  extending  along  the  shore  of  the  Adriatic  7i 
miles,  and  having  at  its  S.  end  the  town  of  Peiestrina,  10 
miles  S.  of  Venice,  with  4000  inhabitants. 

Pel'etier's  Mills,  a  post-ofiice  of  Carteret  co.,  N.C. 

PeleAv'  Islands,  a  group  in  the  AV.  of  Micronesia. 
Lat.  7°  to  9°  N. ;  Ion.  130°  to  136°  E.  They  are  about  20 
in  number,  and  are  completely  encircled  by  reefs.  See  also 
Pellew  Islands. 

Pelham,  pel'am,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  South  &  North  Railroad,  18  miles  S.  of  Birmingham. 

Pelham,  a  post-village  of  Mitchell  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Atlantic  &  Gulf  Railroad,  34  miles  S.  of  Albany.  It  has  a 
church,  and  manufactures  of  naval  stores  and  lime. 

Pelham,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Hampshire  co., 
Mass.,  22  miles  N.N.E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a  church,  a 
granite-quarry,  and  mineral  springs.    Pop.  of  township,  633. 

Pelham,  a  post-village  in  Pelham  township,  Hills- 
borough CO.,  N.II.,  on  Beaver  River,  about  8  miles  S.E.  of 
Nashua,  and  7  miles  N.  of  Lowell,  Mass.  It  has  1  or  2 
churches  and  manufactures  of  lumber.  The  township  has 
granite-quarries  and  a  pop.  of  861. 

Pelham,  or  Pelhamville,  a  post-village  in  Pelham 
township,  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  &  New 
Haven  Railroad,  16  miles  N.E.  of  New  York.  It  has  a 
church.  Its  post-oflice  is  Pelham  Station.  The  township 
borders  on  Long  Island  Sound,  and  contains  a  number  of 
elegant  country-seats.  Its  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  3941. 

Pelham,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Caswell  co., 
N.C,  on  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  9  miles  S.AV. 
of  Danville,  Va.     It  has  a  church.    Pop.  of  township,  1560. 

Pelham,  a  post-office  of  Grundy  co.,  Tenn. 

Pelham  Ma'nor,  a  beautiful  village  of  Westchester 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Long  Island  Sound,  and  on  the  Harlem  River 
Branch  of  the  New  Y'^ork  &,  New  Haven  Railroad,  16  miles 
N.E.  of  New  Y'ork.  It  contains  a  church,  a  chapel  called 
Huguenot  Memorial,  and  many  elegant  villas. 

Pelham  Station,  New  York.    See  Pelham. 

Pelican,  pel'§-kan,  a  township  of  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn. 
Pop.  306. 

Pelican  (pelV^^an)  Island,  an  island  on  the  N.E. 
coast  of  Australia,  in  Princess  Charlotte  Bay.  Lat.  13°  60' 
S.;  Ion.  143°  42'  E. 

Pelican  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn., 
on  Pelican  Lake,  about  44  miles  E.S.E.  of  Moorhead. 

Pelican  Rapids,  a  post-office  of  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn., 
on  Pelican  River. 

Pelican  River,  Minnesota,  rises  in  Otter  Tail  co., 
runs  southward,  and  enters  the  Red  River  of  the  North 
about  3  miles  W.  of  Fergus  Falls.  It  is  the  outlet  of  Peli- 
can Lake  and  several  other  small  lakes. 

Pcling,  pi'Iing',  an  island  off  the  E.  coast  of  Celebes, 
Length,  60  miles  ;  breadth,  20  miles. 

Peling,  an  island  of  the  Yellow  Sea,  off  the  W.  coast 
of  Corea.     Lat.  13°  6'  N.;  Ion.  126°  E. 

Pe-Ling  Mountains,  a  range  in  the  N.W.  of  China 
proper,  S.  of  the  Upper  Hoang-Ho  Valley. 

Pelion,  Mount,  Thessaly.    See  Zagora. 

P6lissanne,  piMee'sftnn',  a  market-town  of  France,  m 
Bouches-du-Rhone,  16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Aix.     Pop.  1922. 

Pella,  pfil'Ii,  a  ruined  town  of  Macedonia,  the  birth- 
place of  Alexander  the  Great.  Its  remains  are  traceable  8 
miles  S.E.  of  Yenidje. 

Pel'la,  a  post-oflSee  of  Boulder  co.,  Col. 


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2130 


PEiM 


Pella,  a  township  of  Furd  oo.,  111.     Pop.  552. 

l*clla«  M  post-town  in  Livko  Prairie  township,  Marion 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  tho  Keokuk  A  Dos  Moines  Railroad,  15  loilcs 
W.N.W.  of  Oskaloosa,  and  47  miles  E.S.B.  of  Dos  Muinos. 
Pella  contains  tho  Central  University  of  luwa  (liaptist), 
which  was  organized  in  1854,  9  ohurohos,  a  graded  school, 
a  national  bank,  1  other  bunk,  a  foundry,  and  3  newspaper 
oBicos.  It  was  settled  by  the  Dutch.  Pop.,  including  the 
acUucont  villages  of  South  Pella  and  Southeast  Pella,  '2b'M. 

Pella*  a  post-ofBoe  of  Wise  oo.,  Tex. 

Pella,  a  pust-haiulet  in  Pella  township,  Shawano  co.. 
Wis.,  about  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Apploton.  The  township 
is  druiuod  by  the  Embarros  River,  and  hivs  a  pop.  of  406. 

Pcllegrino,  pdl-lii-groe'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  22  miles 
6.W.  of  Parma.     Pop.  of  commune,  4881. 

Pellegrue,  pdri^h-grli',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gironde, 
82  miles  K.  of  Bordeaux.     Pon.  1707. 

Peilcrin,  Lk,  a  town  of  iranco.    See  Le  Pelleiiix. 

Pel'lew  Islauds  (Sir  Edward),  a  group  of  Australia, 
near  the  S.W.  coast  of  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria.  The  largest 
are  named  West  Island,  Southwest  Island,  North  Island, 
Centre,  and  Vanderlin  Island.  Lat.  15°  30'  S.;  Ion.  137° 
2'  £.    See  also  Pelew  Islands. 

Pellonia,  Massac  co.,  III.    See  Brooklyn. 

Pells'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vermilion  co..  III.,  on 
tho  Lafayette,  Muncie  &  Bioomington  Railroad,  9  miles  E. 
of  Paxton,     It  has  a  church. 

Pell'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  oo.,  Ky.,  19  miles 
N.E.  of  Owensborough.  It  has  a  church,  a  hotel,  2  stores, 
and  4  tobacco-warehouses.     Coal  abounds  hero. 

Pellworni,  an  island  of  Prussia.     Sec  Pelwokm. 

Peloponnesus,  Greece.    See  Morea. 

Peloruni  Promontorium.    See  Cape  Faro. 

Pelo'rus  Sound,  an  inlet  of  South  Island,  Now  Zea- 
land, on  the  S.  side  of  Cook  Strait.  It  extends  inland 
25  miles,  with  many  branches,  and  excellent  harbors. 

Pelotas,  ps^-lo'tHs,  or  Silo  Francisco  dc  Paula, 
bSwn"  frin-sees'ko  dd,  pow'li,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  Rio 
Grande  do  Sul,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Rio  Grande.     Pop.  2419. 

Pelouse  River,  Idaho.    See  Palolse  Riveu. 

Pclso,  the  ancient  name  of  Balatony  Lake. 

Pel'ton,  a  station  in  Polk  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Des  Moines 
&  Minnesota  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of  Des  Moines. 

Pelton's  Corners,  Ontario.    See  South  Gower. 

Pelu'siac  Branch,  an  ancient  arm  of  the  Nile,  at 
Its  delta,  entered  the  sea  at  Pclusium  (near  tho  modern 
village  of  Tineh),  after  a  N.E.  course  of  120  miles.  It  is 
now  nearly  or  quite  filled  up. 

Pelu'sium,  a  city  of  ancient  Egypt,  at  the  Pelusiac 
mouth  (anc.  Ostium  Pelusiacum)  of  the  Nile.  Its  remains 
consist  of  "mounds  and  a  few  broken  columns,"  near  the 
Mediterranean  coast,  E.  of  Lake  Menzaleh. 

PeI'vereh  (anc.  Perref),  a  village  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
45  miles  S.W.  of  Malatecyeh.  It  is  still,  as  in  antiquity, 
a  point  of  union  of  several  great  roads  from  Asia  Minor, 
Syria,  and  the  Euphrates. 

Pelvoux,  pSlH'oo',  a  mountain  of  Franco,  between  the 
departments  of  Ilautes-Alpes  and  Is6re ;  lat.  44°  53'  56" 
N.,  Ion.  6°  24'  16"  E.;  height,  13,442  feet. 

Pelworm,  or  Pellworin,  pfil'^oum,  an  island  of 
Prussia,  in  Sleswick,  in  the  North  Sea,  5  miles  N.W.  of 
Nordstrand.     Area,  15  square  miles.     Pop.  2224. 

Pemadum'cook,  a  lake  of  very  irregular  shape,  in 
the  E.  part  of  Piscataquis  co..  Me.  It  is  traversed  by  tho 
Penobscot  River  below  Chesuncook  Lake. 

Pcmaquid',  a  post-village  in  Bristol  township,  Lin- 
coln CO.,  Me.,  near  the  sea,  and  about  IS  miles  E.  of  Bath. 
It  has  2  churches.  An  English  colony  was  planted  on 
Pemaquid  Point,  near  this  village,  about  1630. 

Pemba,  pfim'ba,  or  Huthcra,  hoo'tA-rA\  an  island 
off  the  E.  coast  of  Africa,  in  the  Zanzibar  dominions,  30 
miles  N.  of  the  island  of  Zanzibar.  Lat.  of  E.  point,  4°  54' 
S. ;  Ion.  39°  53'  E.     Length,  35  miles. 

Pemba,  a  country,  river,  and  town  of  Congo,  in  West 
Africa.     Lat.  of  town,  5°  S. ;  Ion.  14°  30'  E. 

Pem'berton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dade  co..  Mo.,  about  34 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Springfield.     It  has  a  church  and  a  mill. 

Pemberton,  a  post-borough  in  Pemberton  township, 
Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  on  Rancocas  Creek,  and  on  the  Cam- 
den &  Amboy  and  New  Jersey  Southern  Railroads,  25  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Camden,  6  miles  E.  of  Mount  Holly,  and  22 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Trenton.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  797  ;  of  township,  2743. 

Pemberton,  a  post-village  in  Perry  township,  Shelby 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Bellefontaine  with 
Sidney,  7  miles  E.  of  Sidney.  It  has  2  churches  and  the 
Pemberton  Academy.     Pop.  157. 


Pemberton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Goochland  co.,  Va.  on 
the  James  River,  46  miles  above  Richmond.     It  has  a  mill. 

Pemberton  Ferry,  post-oOico,  llomnndo  co.,  Fla. 

Pcm'bcrville,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Portage  River,  and  on  the  Columbus  it  Toledo  Kail  rood,  IS 
miles  S.  of  Toledo.  It  has  2  churches,  2  saw-milJH,  a  grift- 
mill,  a  newspaper  office,  and  2  planlng-mills.     Pop.  644. 

Pembina,  pcm'bce-my,  a  county  in  tho  N.E.  port  of 
North  Dakota,  bordering  on  Minnesota,  has  an  iirca  of 
about  1120  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Red  River  of  the  North,  and  niso  drained  by  the  Pembina 
River  and  Tongue  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level.  Wheat,  barley,  Indian  corn,  and  live-stock 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Great  Northern  Railroad  and  the  Northern  Pacific  Rail- 
road,  the  latter  of  which  connects  with  Pembina,  the  capital 
Pop.  in  1880,  4862;  in  1890,  \A,\V.U. 

Pembina,  a  post-office  of  Baxter  co.,  Ark. 

Pembina,  a  city,  capital  of  Pembina  co.,  N.D.,  on  the 
Red  River  of  the  North,  ai  tho  mouth  of  the  Pembina  Kiver. 
Lat.  49°  N.;  Ion.  97°  5'  W.     Pop.  in  1890,  670. 

Pembina,  Manitoba.     See  West  Lynne. 

Pembina  Lake  is  in  the  N.  i)art  of  North  Dakota, 
about  3  miles  from  the  S.  boundary  of  British  America. 
Length,  nbout  14  miles.     Its  outlet  is  the  Pembina  Rivor. 

Pembina  River  issues  from  Pembina  Lake,  runs  eaut- 
ward,  touching  at  several  points  the  northern  boun<laryof 
North  Dakota,  and  entei-s  the  Red  River  of  tho  North  ut 
the  N.W.  extremity  of  Minnesota. 

Pem'bridge,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Hereford,  on 
the  Arrow,  4  miles  N.N.W.  of  Weoliley.     Pop.  1535. 

Pembroke,  pfim'liroSk,  or  Pembrokeshire,  pim'- 
brook-shir,  a  maritime  county  and  tho  wcsteniiiio.'t  of 
South  Wiiles,  having  W.  and  N.  the  h\A\  Sea,  ami  S.  the 
Bristol  Channel.  Area,  estimated  at  615  square  miles. 
Pop.  in  1891,  89,125.  Surface  in  tho  N.E.  mountainous"; 
cLsowhere  undulating.  Coast-line  bold  and  deeply  indented. 
Chief  bays,  Newport,  ^t.  Bride's,  and  Milford  Haven.  Prin- 
cipal river,  the  Teify.  The  soil  is  generally  fertile.  Tlie 
principal  crops  are  wheat,  barley,  and  oats.  Butter,  cheese, 
and  a  fine  breed  of  black  cattle  are  extensively  exported. 
Anthracite  coal,  lime,  shite,  and  marl  are  plentiful.  Lead 
ore  is  also  found.  The  fisheries  are  valuable.  Chief  towns, 
Haverford  West,  St.  David's,  Pembroke,  and  Tenby.  The 
county,  exclusive  of  the  borough,  sends  one  member  to  the 
House  of  Commons. 

Pembroke,  a  seaport  town  of  Wales,  co.  of  Pcmbroko, 
on  a  crock  of  Milford  Haven,  210  miles  W.  of  London.  Pop. 
15,450.  Tho  town  was  formerly  enclosed  by  walls,  a  pnrt 
of  which  still  remains.  On  a  rocky  eminence  in  the  vicinity 
stand  the  remains  of  a  castle  of  unusual  strength  and  gran- 
deur, founded  in  the  eleventh  century  and  dismantled  in 
1649.  Pembroke  is  accessible  by  vessels  of  200  ton*;  but 
the  shipping-trade  is  mostly  carried  on  1  mile  N.W.,  Ht 
Pater,  wnere  is  its  dock-yard.  Since  the  year  1885  the 
borough  sends  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons, 

Pcm'broke,  a  post-office  of  Kankakee  co..  111.,  6  milei 
N.E.  of  Saint  Anne. 

Pembroke,  a  post-village  of  Christian  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  | 
St.  Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Hop- 
kinsville.  It  contains  an  academy,  2  churches,  a  tobacco- 
factory,  5  stores,  and  a  nursery.     Pop.  278. 

Pembroke,  a  post-village  in  Pembroke  township, 
Washington  co..  Me.,  about  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Calais,  and 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Eastport.  It  contains  3  churche.s,  a  high 
school,  a  savings-bank,  and  the  works  of  the  Pembroke  Iron 
Company,  who  manufacture  iron  and  nails.  The  township 
borders  on  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  2551. 

Pembroke,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Plymouth 
CO.,  Mass.,  about  25  miles  S.S.E.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  town  | 
hall,  a  high  school,  and  3  churches.     Pop.  1399.  \ 

Pembroke,  a  post-village  in  Pembroke  township,  Mer- 1 
rimack  co.,  N.H.,  on  tho  Merrimac  River,  near  the  mouth 
of  the  Suncook,  5  or  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Concord.  It  has  ac 
academy  and  a  church.  Tho  township  is  intersected  by  tbo| 
Concord  Railroad,  and  contains  part  of  a  larger  village,' 
named  Suncook.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  3172. 

Pent  broke,  or  Rich'ville,  a  post- village  in  Pembroke 
township,  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Tonawanda  A  Batavia 
Railroad,  at  Richville  Station,  45  miles  W.S.W.  of  Roches- 
ter. It  has  1  or  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  Ac. 
Hero  is  Pembroke  Post-Office.  The  township  is  intersected 
by  the  New  York  Central  Railroad.     Pop.  2856. 

Pembroke,  a  post-office  of  Giles  co.,  Ya.,  112  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Lynchburg. 

Pembroke,  a  town  of  Ontario,  capital  of  the  co.  o/ 


PE-M 


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I'EX 


Renfrew,  on  Allumette  Lake,  an  expansion  of  the  Ottawa 
f    River,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Renfiew.     It  contains,  besides  the 
i   eoanty  buildings,  3  branch  banks,  several  stores,  hotels,  and 
'   churches,  a  foundry,  axe-factory,  saw-,  grist-,  and  wooilcn- 
I   mills,  and  a  newspaper  office.     The  Muskrat  River,  which 
■    flows  through  the  town,  affords  water-power.     Pop.  1508. 
Pembroke  Dock,  South  Wales.    See  Patkb. 
I'einbrokeshire,  Wales.    See  Pembroke. 
Pciiies,  a  town  of  France.     See  Pesmhs. 
Pemghan,  or  Famghaii.     See  Pugiiman. 
Peinidji  Lake,  Minnesota.     See  Tua verse  Lake. 
Pemigewasset,   pem^e-je-wos'sit,   a   river    of   New 
I  Hampshire,  rises  among  the  AVhito  Mountains  in  Grafton 
'  CO.,  runs  S.  to  Plymouth,  and  a  few  miles  below  this  place 
unites  with  the  Winnepcsaukee  to  form  the  Merrimac  River. 
Pem'iscot,  a  lake  near  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Missouri, 
lies  in  the  S.  part  of  Pemiscot  co.,  scarcely  2  miles  from  the 
Mississippi  River,  from  which  it  probably  receives  supplies 
during   high  water.     It   communicates   with   Whitewater 
River  by  a  short  outlet.     Length,  about  18  miles;  greatest 
breadth,  5  or  6  miles. 
Pemiscot,  the  most  southeastern  county  of  Missouri, 
,j  borders  on  Arkansas.    Area,  about  480  square  miles.     It  is 
I  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Mississippi  River.     The  surface 
.  is  level,  and  mostly  occupied  with  forests  and  swamps,  in 
I  which  the  cypress   abounds.      The   soil  is  partly  fertile. 
Indian  corn  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.     Capital, 
,  Gayoso,  situated  on  the  Mississippi  River.     Pop.  in  1870, 
I  2059;  in  1880,  4299;  in  1890,  5975. 

Pemiscot,  a  township  of  Pemiscot  CO.,  Mo.  Pop.  226. 
Pcmmaquid,  Maine.  See  Pemaquid. 
Pempelfort,  pSm'p^l-font^  a  northern  suburb  of  Dus- 
I  seldorf,  Prussia,  with  a  palace  called  Jiigerhof.  Pop.  4000. 
'  Pemuco,  pi-moo'ko,  a  village  of  Chili,  state  of  Nuble, 
,35  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Chilian.  Pop.  881. 
'  Pen,  pSn,  or  Peno,  pi'no,  a  lake  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment of  Tver,  S.W.  of  Ostashkov,  forming  the  source  of  the 
Volga.     Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  about  15  miles. 

Penacova,  pi-nil-ko'vi,  a  village  of  Portugal,  in 
.Douro,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Coimbra,  on  the  Mondego. 
,Poj).  2728. 

j  Penafiel,  pi-ni-fe-fil',  or  Arrifana  de  Sonsa,  an- 
Re-fi'ni  dd  so'si,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Minho, 
ion  the  Taraego,  19  miles  E.N.E.  of  Oporto.  Pop.  4015. 
I  Penafiel,  p5n-yi-fe-5r,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
:29  miles  E.S.E.  of  Valladolid,  near  the  confluence  of  the 
jDouro  and  Duraton.     Pop.  .3467.     It  has  manufactures  of 


toarse  worsted  stuffs  and  leather. 


Penaflor,   pdn-yl-flOR',   a  town   of  Spain,  42  miles 
E.X.E.  of  Seville,  on  the  Guadalquivir.     Pop.  2223. 

Peiialsordo,  pdn-yil-son'do,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Es- 
faremadura,  province  of  Badajos.     Pop.  2270. 

Penalva  d'Alva,  pi-nil'vi  dil'vi,  a  town  of  Portu- 

,_;al,  in  Beira,  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Coimbra.     Pop.  1437. 

:   Penamacor,  pi-ni-mi-kon',  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 

3cira,  28  miles  N.E.  of  Castello  Branco.     It  is  walled,  and 

jlcfendcd  by  a  Strong  castle.     Pop.  2357. 

;    Pe'nang',   Pin'nang',    or    Prince    of  Wales' 

ilsland   (native,  Poo'lo-Pm''nang',   or    "Areca   Island," 

|rom  the  abundance  of  the  areca-tree  on  it),  a  British  set- 

ilcment  in  the  Strait  of  Malacca,  and  forming  one  of  the 

1 'Straits  Settlements."     It  consists  of  an  island  situated  in 

ibout  lat.  5°  N.  and  Ion.  100°  E.,  off  the  W.  coast  of  the 

jJalay  Peninsula,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  a  channel 

jrom  2  to  5  miles  across.     Length,  16  miles;  breadth,  11 

tiiles.    Area,   160  square  miles.     The   surface  is  densely 

I'ooded  and   highly   picturesque.     It   is   mountainous   in 

[lie  N.,  elsewhere  level  or  undulating.      The   climate  is 

'  ealthy.     Temperature,  from  76°  to  90°  Fahr.     The  island 

'•  well  adapted  to  raising  spices,  which  are  exported.    Cocoa- 

uts,  areca,  gambler,  rice,  indigo,  cotton,  tobacco,  coffee, 

igar,  betel,  and  ginger  arc  the  other  principal  products, 

nd  tin  is  found  at  the  base  of  the  mountains.     Its  trading 

)nnections  are  chiefly  with  the  E.  coast  of  Sumatra,  Java, 

le  ports  of  the  Tenasserim   provinces,  the   islands   and 

'.  side  of  the  Malay  Peninsula,  and  Singapore.    Penang  is 

so  the  depot  for  the  tin  wrought  at  Junk-Ceylon  and 

luces  in  the  Malay  Peninsula.     The  capital  of  the  island 

George  Town  (itself  often  called  Penang),  which  has  an 

icellent  harbor,  an  arsenal,  good  barracks,  and  civil  and 

mvict  hospitals.     Pop.  of  the  island  about  75,000,  mostly 

alaj's  and  Chinese. 

Penantipode  Island,  Pacific.    See  Antipodes. 
Penaranda  de   Bracamonte,   pfln-yi-rin'dA  di 
l-ki-mon'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  27  miles 
E.  of  Salamanca.     Pop.  4247.     It  has  manufactures  of 
ooUen  fabrics,  hats,  tape,  cord,  morocco,  and  shoes. 


Penaranda  de  Duero,  pin-y.l-rin'di  dA  doo-i'ro,  a 
town  of  Spain,  province  and  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  Burgos. 

Pen  Argyl,  ar'jil,  a  post-village  of  Northampton  (!0., 
Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh  &  Lackawanna  Railroad,  27  miles  N. 
of  Bethlehem.     Pop.  572. 

Pc&aroya,  p5n-yi-ro'yi,  a  village  of  Spain,  province 
of  Aragon,  48  miles  from  Teruel.     Pop.  1632. 

Peiias  de  San  Pedro,  pfin'yis  dd  sin  pA'Dro,  t  town 
of  Spain,  12  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Albacete.     Pop.  1962. 

Penawa'wa,  post-office.  Whitman  co.,  Washington. 

Pen'bualt,  a  hamlet  of  Wales,  co.  of  Brecon,  8  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Builth.     Pop.  589. 

Penca'der,  hundred.  Now  Castle  co.,  Del.     Pop.  2254. 

Penchant,  pSn^shint',  a  bayou  of  Louisiana,  flows 
N.W.  from  Terre  Bonne  parish  into  Bayou  Chene. 

Pen'co,  a  town  of  Chili,  on  the  Bay  of  Concepcion,  a 
few  miles  N.E.  of  the  town  of  Concepcion.  Pop.  1213. 
Here  the  town  of  Concepcion  once  stood. 

Penco'ed,  a  hamlet  of  Wales,  4  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bridg- 
end.    Pop.  623. 

Pen'coyd',  a  hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  in  Lower 
Morion  township,  on  the  Reading  Railroad,  and  on  the 
Schuylkill,  opposite  Wissahickon  Station,  Philadelphia. 
Here  are  the  Pencoyd  Iron-Works,  consisting  of  2  rolling- 
mills  and  a  forge,  which  employ  about  500  men.  They 
manufacture  car-axles,  bar  iron,  <fec. 

Pencun,  pin'koon,  a  town  of  Prussia,  government  and 
16  miles  S.W.  of  Stettin.     Pop.  2019. 

Pendar'vis,  post-office,  Wayne  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Macon 
&,  Brunswick  Railroad,  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Brunswick. 

Pend  d'Oreille,  Idaho.     See  Pend  Oreille. 

Pen'dell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas,  about 
14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Wichita. 

Penden'nis  Castle,  England,  in  Cornwall,  on  the  S. 
side  of  the  entrance  of  Falmouth  Harbor,  on  a  height  300 
feet  above  the  sea.     It  was  founded  by  Henry  VIII. 

Pen'der,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  North  Carolina,  is 
drained  by  the  Northeast  Cape  Fear  River.  The  surface 
is  nearly  level,  and  is  partly  covered  by  pine  forests.  The 
soil  is  mostly  sandy,  and  produces  Indian  corn,  cotton,  Ac. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Wilmington  <fc  Weldon  Railroad. 
Area,  800  square  miles.  Capital,  Burgaw.  Pop.  in  1880, 
12,468;  in  1890,  12,514. 

Pender'ry,  a  hamlet  of  Wales,  4  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Swansea.     Pop.  1767. 

FencUsheher,  penj^'shJh'h'r,  or  Punisheer,  pun-e- 
shair',  a  river  of  Afghanistan,  descends  from  the  S.  side 
of  the  Hindoo-Koosh,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  130  miles, 
joins  the  Cabool  River  on  the  left. 

Pen'dle-Hill,England,  CO.  of  Lancaster,  2  miles  from 
Clitheroe.     Height  above  the  sea,  1800  feet. 

Pen'dleton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  2 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Manchester.  It  is  a  suburb  of  Salf'ord, 
and  has  collieries  and  manufactures  of  cotton  and  silk. 
Pop.  in  1891,  56,926. 

Pen'dleton,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kentucky,  has 
an  area  of  about  310  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.E.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  intersected  by  the  Licking 
River,  which  runs  S.E.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  a 
large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  iish,  beech, 
black  walnut,  maple,  oak,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  tobacco,  wheat,  cattle,  lumber,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  The  rock  found  next  to  the 
surface  is  Trenton  or  blue  limestone.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected from  W.  to  S.  by  the  Kentucky  Central  Railroad, 
which  connects  with  Falmouth,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
14,030;  in  1880,  16,702;  in  1890,  16,346. 

Pendleton,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  West  Virginia, 
lias  an  area  of  about  650  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
oy  the  South  Branch  of  the  Potomac  River,  and  by  the 
North  and  South  Forks  of  the  same  Branch.  It  is  bounded 
^.W.  by  the  main  chain  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains. 
The  surface  is  also  diversified  by  another  ridge,  called 
Jackson's  Mountain,  and  is  partly  covered  with  forests  of 
the  oak,  sugar-maple,  hickory,  and  other  trees.  Maize, 
cattle,  wheat,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products.  Capital, 
Franklin.  Pop.  in  1870,  6455;  in  1880,  8022;  in  1890, 
8711. 

Pendleton,  a  post  hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  Ark.,  on  the 
Arkansas  River,  about  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pine  Bluff.  It 
nas  2  churches,  2  schools,  and  a  steamboat-landing. 

Pendleton,  a  post-village  in  Fall  Creek  township, 
Madison  co.,  Ind.,  on  Pall  Creek,  and  on  the  railroad  which 
connects  Indianapolis  with  Anderson,  28  miles  E.N.E.  of 
the  former.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bsink, 
an  academy,  manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber,  and  a 
quarry  of  good  limestone.     Pop.  in  1890,  996. 


■l 


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Pendleton,  k  post-hamlet  of  Ilonrj  oo.,  Kj.,  on  the 
Louiivillo,  Cinoiunati  A  Lexington  llailroad,  33  uilos  N.E. 
of  LouiRville. 

Pendleton,  township,  St.  Francois  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  851. 

Pendleton,  a  post-humlet  of  Wurron  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
SL  Louis,  Kansas  City  A  Northern  linilroad,  04  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  St.  Louis.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 

Pendleton, a  post-rillaxe  in  iVndluton  township,  Niag- 
ara CO..  N.Y.,  on  Tonnwanda  Creek  and  the  Erie  Canal, 
about  18  miles  N.N.K.  of  Buffalo.  Pop.  214.  The  town- 
ship is  interseoted  by  the  Lookport  A,  Buffalo  Railroad. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1(575. 

Pendleton,  a  station  in  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  on  the  Lit- 
tle Miami  llailroad,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  is  near 
South  Pendleton  Post-Oftice. 

Pendleton,  a  post-village  in  Riley  township,  Putnam 
CO.,  0.,  about  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lima.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  145. 

Pendleton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Umatilla  oo., 
Oregon,  near  the  Blue  Mountains,  and  about  30U  miles  E. 
of  Salem.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  2 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  sash-factory.     P.  (1890)  2506. 

Pendleton,  a  post-village  in  Pendleton  township,  An- 
derson CO.,  S.C,  on  the  Blue  Ridge  Railroad,  138  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Columbia,  and  20  miles  8.E.  of  Walhalla.  It 
has  4  churches  and  2  academies.  Pop.  085;  of  the  town- 
ship, 2115. 

Pendleton,  or  Pendleton's,  a  post-oflico  and  sta- 
tion of  Louisa  CO.,  Va.,  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad, 
65  miles  N.W.  of  Richmond. 

Pendleton,  a  post-village  in  Prescott  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  South  Nation  River,  40  miles  from  Ottawa.  It  contains 
2  stores  and  a  saw-mill.  Lead  and  plumbago  are  found  in 
the  vicinity;  also  sulphur  and  saline  springs.     Pop.  100. 

Pendleton  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Niagara  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Pendleton  township,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Lockport. 

Pendleton  Factory,  a  post-office  of  Anderson  co., 
S.C,  on  the  Blue  Ridge  Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of  Pendleton. 

Pendleton  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  New  London  co.. 
Conn.,  about  14  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Norwich.  It  has  a  church. 
'  Pendleton's  River,  Georgia,  rises  near  the  E.  border 
of  Laurens  co.,  runs  southeastward,  and  enters  the  Great 
Ohoopee  River  in  Tatnall  co.,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Reidsville. 

Pend  Oreille,  o'reel'  (Fr.  pron.  p6sd  oVil'),  or  Kul'- 
luspclm,  a  lake  in  the  northern  part  of  Idaho,  is  an  ex- 
pansion of  Clarke's  River,  near  lat.  48°  N.  It  is  about  35 
miles  long  and  8  miles  wide.  Clarke's  River  issues  from 
its  N.W.  end. 

Pen'dryville,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  Fla. 

Penedo,  pil-n&'do,  a  city  of  Brazil,  state  and  55  miles 
S.W.  of  Alagoas,  on  the  SSo  Francisco.  Pop.  of  the  district, 
14,000,  mostly  Indians. 

Peuedono,  pi-ni-do'no,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira, 
39  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Guarda.     Pop.  987. 

Pcnella,  pi-n5ri4,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  on  the 
Deufa,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Coimbra.     Pop.  3935. 

Penetanguishene,Penetangueshine,  or  Pen- 
Ctangushene,  pen'e-tang'gh^-sheen',  a  post-village  of 
Ontario,  co.  of  Simcoe,  on  an  inlet  of  Lake  Huron,  32  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Barrie.  It  contains  the  Ontario  Reformatory 
Prison,  several  churches,  6  stores,  2  hotels,  a  tannery,  and 
several  saw-mills.     It  is  a  port  of  entry.     Pop.  1000. 

Peneus,  the  ancient  name  of  Salembria. 

Pen'lield,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  Ga.,  about  80 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Atlanta.  It  contains  several  churches, 
the  Mercer  High  School,  and  1  or  2  flouring-mills.  P.  447. 

Penfield,  a  post-office  of  Champaign  co..  111. 

Penfield,  a  post-village  in  Penfield  township,  Monroe 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Irondequoit  Creek,  about  8  miles  E.  by  S. 
of  Rochester,  and  li  miles  N,  of  the  New  York  Central 
Railroad.  It  has  3  or  4  churches,  2  grist-mills,  and  a 
paper-mill.  Pop.  about  500.  The  township  contains  a  vil- 
la^ named  East  Penfield,  has  5  churches,  and  a  pop.  of  2880. 

Penfield,  a  post-village  in  Penfield  township,  Lorain 
CO.,  0.,  on  Black  River,  about  32  miles  S.W.  of  Cleveland, 
and  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Oberlin.  It  has  a  cheese-factory. 
Pop.  about  250 ;  of  the  township,  749. 

Penfield,  or  Pennfield,  a  post-village  of  Clearfield 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Low  Grade  division  of  the  Alleghany  Val- 
ley Railroad,  about  GO  miles  W.  of  Lock  Haven,  and  37 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Brookville.  It  has  an  active  trade  in 
lumber,  and  several  general  stores.     Pop.  about  400. 

Penge,  p6nj,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  now  a 
euburb  of  London.  Almshouses  for  watermen  have  been 
erected  here,  and  here  is  the  Crystal  Palace.     Pop.  13,202. 

Penha,  pSn'yi,  a  village  of  Brazil,  in  Minas-Geraes,  on 
the  Itaguahi   80  miles  S.W.  of  Minas-Novas.     Pop.  1000. 


Penha,  a  village  of  Brazil,  on  the  E.  shore  of  the  Island 
of  Itaparica,  opposite  the  town  of  Bahia. 

Pen^hook,  a  po.<t-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Va. 

Peniche,  pi-noo'shi,  a  fortified  town  of  Portugal 
in  Estremadura,  13  miles  W.  of  Obidos,  on  the  Atlnmio  and 
the  S.  side  of  the  peninsula  of  Peniche.     Pop.  21l(i:i. 

Pen'ick,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Marion  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Louisville  A  Nashua  Hnilrond,  0  miles  E.  of  Lobnnon' 

Pcnicuick,  or  Pcnnycuick,  pin'o-kiik',  a  bur?^'>    ■' 
Scotland,  oo.  and  10  miles  by  rail  8.  of  Edinburgh,  ou 
North  Esk.     It  is  neatly  built,  has  a  fine  church  of  (Jr. 
architecture,  a  j)Owder-factory,  and  paper-mills.    Pop. . 

Peni'el,  a  i)OHt-hamlet  of  Roane  co.,  W.  Va.,  40  i 
S.  by  E.  of  Parkcrsburg.     It  has  a  grist-  and  a  saw-uii;.. 

Penig,  p4'nio,  a  town  of  Saxony,  33  miles  S.S.K.  of 
Leipsic,  on  the  Mulde.  Pop.  5950.  It  has  a  castle,  a  rollin;,'. 
mill,  and  manufnctiires  of  paper,  machinery,  ho.iicry,  \ 

Penikese,  or  Peneqncese,  pcn-e-kccss',  an  i.-i. 
Massachusetts,  in  Buzzard's  Bay,  S.E.  of  New  Bedford. 
an  area  of  about  100  acres.     Here  the  celebrated  Agausi* 
opened  a  school  of  natural  history. 

Peninsula  (Tiik),  an  abbreviation  for  the  Iberian  Pen- 
insula.    See  Spain. 

Penin'sula,  a  township  of  Grand  Traverse  co.,  Mich. 
Pop.  607. 

Peninsula,  a  post- village  in  Boston  township,  Summit 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Cuyahoga  River  and  the  Ohio  Canal,  24  inilcii 
S.  of  Cleveland,  and  12  miles  N.  of  Akron.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  good  stone-quarry.  Canal- 
boats  are  built  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  662. 

Pefiiscola,  pin-yecs'ko-li,  a  fortified  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  38  miles  N.E.  of  Castellon  de  la  Plana.  Pop. 
2506.  It  is  perched  on  a  rock  rising  240  feet  above  the 
Mediterranean  and  connected  with  the  mainland  only  by  a 
narrow  strip  of  sand. 

Peftitas,  pen-yee't&s,  a  post-office  of  Nueces  co.,  Tes. 

Penitentiary,  Kansas.     See  Laxsing. 

Pcnjab,  the  "  five  rivers,"  of  India.     See  Pitxjab,  , 

Penjdeh,  a  camp  in  Khorassan.    See  Pitn.i  Dkk.x. 

Penjina,  pdn-jee'na  (?),  a  river  of  East  Siberia,  rises 
on  the  S.E.  side  of  the  Stanovoi  Mountains,  flows  S.E., 
and  falls  into  the  Bay  of  Penjinsk,  after  a  course  of  about 
160  miles. 

Penjinsk',  a  small  town  of  East  Siberia,  on  the  Pen- 
jina, near  its  mouth  in  the  Gulf  of  Penjinsk,  an  inlet  of  the 
Sea  of  Okhotsk.     See  Gulf  op  Penjinsk. 

Penkau,  pSn'kflw,  or  Penkum,  p5n'k58m,  a  town  of 
Prussia,  in  Pomornnia,  17  miles  W.  of  Stettin.     Pop.  2019. 

Peiik'ridge,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  6  miles  S.  of 
Stafford,  on  the  Penk,  an  affluent  of  the  Trent.  Pop.  2435. 
It  is  supposed  to  have  been  the  Roman  Petinocruciitm. 

Pcnlirn'mon,  a  name  sometimes  applied  to  a  mouo< 
tain-range  of  South  Wales. 

Penllyn,pen-lin',  a  post-hamlet  in  Gwynedd  township, 
Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  on  the  North  Pennsylvania  Railroad, 
17  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Penmaen-Mawr,  pfln-mi'^n-mown,  a  mountain  of 
AVales,  co.  of  Carnarvon,  4  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Conway. 
Height,  1545  feet.  Its  summit  is  crowned  by  ancient  forti- 
fications. 

Pen'main,  a  hamlet  of  England,  in  Monmouthshire, 
12  miles  N.W.  of  Newport.     Pop.  2744. 

Penmarch,  pfiNo'maush',  a  village  of  France,  in  Fi- 
nistere,  on  a  headland  in  the  Atlantic,  16  miles  S.W.  Of 
Quimper. 

Penn,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  111.    Pop.  428. 

Penn,  a  township  of  Stark  co.,  III.     Pop.  1121. 

Penn,  a  township  of  Jay  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1441. 

Penn,  a  township  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1335.  It 
contains  Annapolis. 

Penn,  a  township  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  4982. 
It  contains  Mishawaka. 

Penn,  a  township  of  Guthrie  co.,  Iowa. 

Penn,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  Iowa. 

Penn,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa. 

Penn,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa. 

Penn,  a  township  of  Osborne  co.,  Kansas, 
It  contains  Osborne,  the  county  seat. 

Penn,  a  post-township  of  Cass  co.,  Mich.,  about  20  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Niles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  &  Lake 
Huron  Railroad.  It  contains  a  hamlet  named  Penn,  and  2 
churches.     Pop.  1462. 

Penn,  a  township  of  McLeod  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  367. 

Penn,  a  township  of  Sullivan  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1744. 

Penn,  a  township  of  Highland  co.,  0.     Pop.  1471. 

Penn,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  0.     Pop.  1242. 

Penn,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  2685 


Pop.  1531. 
Pop.  1678. 
Pop.  691. 
Pop.  769. 
Pop.  448. 


PEN" 


2133 


PEN 


Penn,  a  township  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1515. 
PeiiU)  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  837. 
Penii»  a  township  of  Centre  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1158. 
Pcnii)  a  township  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  692.     Penn 
Station  is  at  the  village  of  Kelton. 

Pcnii»  a  township  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  639.     It 
eontains  Centrcville  and  Pine  Grove. 
Pciiii,  a  township  of  Cumberland  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1888. 
Peniij  a  township  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1143. 
Pciiii,  a  post-township  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  about  10 
miles  N.  of  Lancaster  City,  is  intersected  by  the  Reading 
it  Columbia  Railroad.     Pop.  1972.     Penn  Post-Office  is  at 
I'ennville,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Manheim. 
i'ciiii,  a  township  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  701. 
Pciiii,  a  township  of  Perry  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1529. 
Pciiii,  a  township  of  Snyder  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1415. 
Pciiii,  or  Penn   Station,  a  post-borough  in  Penn 
township,   Westmoreland    co..   Pa.,   on   the   Pennsylvania 
liailroad,  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pittsburg,  and  6  miles  W.  of 
Grecnsburg.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  820;  of  the  town- 
ship, 2423.     Here  is  Penn  Station  Post-Office. 
Penn,  a  township  of  Williamsburg  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  676. 
Pcnna  di  Ililli,  p5n'ni  dee  bil'lee,  a  small  city  of 
Italy,  2U  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Urbino,  near  the  right  bank  of 
the  Marecchia.     Pop.  2536. 

Pcn'nahatch'ee  Creek,  of  Georgia,  enters  Flint 
Pliver  near  Drayton,  in  Dooly  co. 
Pcnnar,  p3n-nar',  a  river  of  India,  rises  in  Mysore, 
.  and,  after  an  E.  course  through  the  districts  of  Bellary, 
i  Cuddapah,  and   Nellore,  enters   the  Bay  of  Bengal,   104 
i  miles  N.  of  Madras.     Length,  270  miles. 
I     Pennautier,  p{n'noHe-i',  a  town  of  France,  in  Aude, 
3  miles  N.W.  of  Carcassonne.     Pop.  1100. 

Penne,  pfinn,  a  town  of  France,  in  Lot-et-Garonne, 
6  uiiles  E.S.E.  of  Villeneuve-sur-Lot.     Pop.  1272. 

Pcnne,  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Tarn,  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Aveyron,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Gaillac.     Pop.  2021. 
Pcnne,  a  city  of  Italy.    See  Civita  di  Pe.vne. 
,     Pen'nellville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
j  the  Midland  Railroad,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Oswego  City.     It 
!  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  about  200. 
Pennepack  Creek,  Pa.    See  Pen.nypack  Creek. 
Pcnii'ttcid,  township,  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1132. 
Pcnnficid,  Clearfield  co..  Pa.    See  Penfield. 
Penn  For'est,  a  township  of  Carbon  co.,  Pa.     P.  504. 
Penn  Hall,  a  post-village  in  Gregg  township,  Centre 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  15  miles  S.E.  of  Bellefonte,  and  20  miles  S. 
[  by  W.  of  Lock  Haven.     It  has  an  academy,  a  grist-mill, 
I  and  a  coach-factory.     Pop.  about  300. 
.     Penn  Ha'ven,  a  village  of  Carbon  co.,   Pa.,  on  the 
i  Lehigh  River,  and  on   the  Lehigh  Valley  and  Lehigh  & 
'  Susquehanna  Railroads,  8i  miles  5f.  of  Mauch  Chunk.  Coal 
is  mined  near  this  place. 

Penn  Haven  Junction,  a  station  of  the  Lehigh  & 
I  Susquehanna  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Lehigh  Val- 
:  ley  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Mauch  Chunk,  Pa. 

Penn  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  1  mile  from 
Goshen  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Pen'nigent,  a  mountain  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West 
Riding,  7  miles  N.  of  Settle.     Elevation,  2270  feet. 
Pennine  Alps,  Europe.     See  Alps. 
Pen'nington,  a  county  in   the  S.W.  part  of  South 
.Dakota,  comprises  part  of  the  Black  Hills.      Area,  1521 
square  miles.     It  is  traversed  by  the  South  Fork  of  Chey- 
enne River.     The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile.      Gold  is 
found  here.     Capital,  Rapid  City.     Pop.  in  1880,  2214;  in 
;  1890,  6540. 

Pennington,  a  post-village  in  Hopewell  township, 
Mercer  co.,  N..I.,  on  the  Belvidorc  division  of  the  Penn- 
,  sylvania  Railroad,  and  on  the  Delaware  &  Bound  Brook 
[Railroad,  35  miles  from  Philadelphia,  and  8  miles  N.  of 
I  Trenton.  It  contains  3  churches,  the  Pennington  Institute, 
!  and  the  Pennington  Seminary.  Pop.  about  700. 
■  Pennington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Trinity  co., 
!To.\.,  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lovelady.  It  has  2  churches. 
iPop.  193. 

i    Pennington  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  McDonough  co., 
'111.,  about  U  miles  S.  of  Bushnell. 

Penningtonvillc,  Chester  co..  Pa.  See  Atglex. 
Pen'niston,  or  Penistone,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
t  of  York,  on  the  Don,  and  on  the  Manchester  &  Sheffield 
jjHallway,  6i  miles  W.S.W.  of  Barnsley.  Pop.  1549. 
!  Penn  Line,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  near 
ithe  W.  boundary  of  the  state,  about  22  miles  AV.  by  N.  of 
;  Meadville.     It  has  a  cheese-factory  and  a  tannery. 

I  Penn  Mine,  a  village  of  Keweenaw  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Grant  township,  31  miles  E.N.E.  of  Calumet.     Here  is  a 


copper-mine,  which  employs  200  men  and  produces  80  toni 
of  copper  per  month. 

Peiin  Run,  Indiana  co..  Pa.    See  GnEE.wiLLE. 

Penns'borough,  a  post-village  of  Ritchie  co.,  W.  Va^ 
on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  42  miles  E.  of  Parkcrg- 
burg.  It  is  a  terminus  of  the  Pennsborough  &  Harrison- 
ville  Railroad,  which  is  8  miles  long.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
graded  school,  and  a  tannery. 

Penns'burg,  a  post-village  in  Upper  Hanover  town- 
ship, Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Perkiomen  Railroad, 
which  connects  with  the  Reading  Railroad,  1  mile  from 
East  Greenville,  and  20  miles  S.  of  Allentown.  It  has  a 
national  bank,  2  churches,  1  or  2  brick-kilns,  2  flour-mills, 
a  planing-mill,  a  pottery,  and  a  coach-factory.  One  Ger- 
man weekly  newspaper  is  published  hero.     Pop.  about  700. 

Penns'bury,  a  township  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  767. 

Penn's  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Centre  co.,  runs 
eastward  through  Union  co.,  and  entei-s  the  Susquehanna 
River  5  miles  below  Sunbury.     It  is  nearly  75  miles  long. 

Penn's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Snyder  co.,  Pa.,  about 
13  miles  S.W.  of  Lewisburg. 

Penn's  Dale,  Lycoming  co..  Pa.    See  Pennsvii.le. 

Penn's  Grove,  a  station  on  the  San  Francisco  &  North 
Pacific  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Petaluma,  Cal. 

Penn's  Grove,  a  post-village  in  Upper  Penn's  Neck 
township,  Salem  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  29  miles 
below  Camden,  and  about  4  miles  E.  of  Wilmington,  Del. 
It  is  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Delaware  Shore  Railroad.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  hotel,  an  academy,  a  steam  saw-mill,  a 
Ship-yard,  2  carriage-factories,  and  manufactures  of  lime. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  2239. 

Penn's  Neck,  a  village  of  Mercer  co.,  N.J.,  on  thg 
railroad  which  connects  Trenton  with  New  Brunswick, 
about  10  miles  N.E.  of  Trenton.     It  has  a  church. 

Penn's  Park,  a  post-village  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  5  miles 
N.E.  of  Hartsville,  and  24  miles  N.N.E.  of  Philadelphia. 
It  has  a  church,  a  coach-factory,  and  about  40  houses. 

Penn's  Square,  a  hamlet  of  Norriton  township, 
Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  2  or  3  miles  N.E.  of  Norristown.  It 
is  i  mile  from  Ilartranft,  on  the  Stony  Creek  Railroad. 

Penn  Station,  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.    See  Penn. 

Penn's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Patrick  co.,  Va.,  37 
miles  W.N.AV.  of  Reidsville,  N.C.     It  has  a  church. 

Penns'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Salem  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Delaware  River,  opposite  New  Castle,  Del.,  and  about  33 
miles  S.W.  of  Camden.     Here  is  a  large  hotel. 

Pennsville,  a  post-village  of  Morgan  co.,  0.,  28  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Marietta.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  Friends' 
meeting.     Pop.  189. 

Pennsville,  a  hamlet  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.,  5  miles  W. 
of  Curwinsville.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill.  Here 
is  Grampian  Hills  Post-Office. 

Pennsville,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Southwest  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  near  the  Mount  Pleasant 
Branch  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Connellsville.  It  has  a 
tannery,  coke-works,  and  4  stores. 

Pennsville,  or  Penn's  Dale,  a  hamlet  in  Muncy 
township,  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Muncy  Creek  Rail- 
road, about  12  miles  E.  of  Williamsport.  It  has  a  Friends' 
meeting.     Pop.  about  100.     Here  is  Wolf  Run  Post-Office. 

Pennsylvania,  p5n-sil-v4'ne-a  (Fr.  Pensyhauie,  p5n'- 
seervi'nee' ;  Ger.  Pennsyloanien,  p5n-sil-vi'ne-§n),  one 
of  the  so-called  Middle  States  of  the  American  Union, 
bounded  N.  by  Lake  Erie  and  New  York,  E.  by  New  York 
and  New  Jersey,  S.  by  Delaware,  Maryland,  and  West 
Virginia,  and  AV.  by  AVest  A'^irginia  and  Ohio.  Its  northern 
line  follows  the  parallel  of  42°  N.  lat.,  except  in  the  N.AV. ; 
its  eastern  boundary  is  washed  throughout  by  the  Delaware 
River ;  on  the  S.  is  "  Mason  &,  Di.xon's  line,"  lat.  39°  43' 
N. ;  and  its  western  limit  is  80°  36'  AV.  Ion.  It  is  called  the 
Keystone  State,  because  it  w.as  the  seventh  or  central  one 
in  order  of  the  original  thirteen  states.  Area,  45,215 
square  miles.  Maximum  length,  E.  and  AV.,  315  miles ; 
breadth,  158  miles. 

The  Face  of  the  Country  is  exceedingly  varied.  A  most 
conspicuous  feature  is  presented  by  the  parallel  ranges  of 
mountains  belonging  to  the  Appalachian  system  and  hav- 
ing a  quite  uniform  direction  from  N.E.  to  S.AV.  'The 
southeastern  triangle  of  the  state  is  a  very  beautiful  and; 
fertile  region,  traversed  by  low  ridges,  of  which  the  most 
important  have  the  usual  N.E.  and  S.AA'.  direction.  Crossing 
the  ridge  known  locally  as  South  Mountain,  we  encounter 
the  North,  Blue,  and  Kittatinny  Mountains,  into  which 
merge  the  Second,  Peters,  Berry's,  Mauch  Chunk,  Mahan- 
tango.  Sharp,  Locust,  Spring,  Buck,  Mahanoy,  Shamokin, 
Catawissa,  McCauley,  Green,  Peaked,  Stony,  Little  Lick, 
Big  Lick,  Bear  or  Short,  Broad,  Beaver  Meadow,  Nescopeck, 


PKN 


2134 


PEN 


tnd  Great  Pocono  Mountntns,  the  fourlmit-racntioned  benring 
flat  tablo-lands  on  their  sumniit.i,  while  many  of  the  othera 
are  shnrp  ridges  with  rocky  sides.  The  Pooono  plateau  is 
a  cool  forcst-rcgion,  very  scantily  neopled,  but  it  is  believed 
to  have  agricultural  resources  of  importance.  The  Shaw- 
nee, Shiokshinny,  and  Wyoming  Mountains  enclose  the 
Lackawanna  coal-flold.  Most  of  the  above-mentioned 
ranges  between  the  Sharp  and  the  Wyoming  Mountains 
lie  in  or  traverse  the  anthracite  region  N.N.W.  of  Philii- 
dclpliia.  The  anthnvcite  regions  are  generally  utterly  sterile 
ami  forbidding ;  but  the  Wyoming  Valley  is  fertile  and  very 
beautiful.  Far  to  the  southwestward,  across  the  Susque- 
hanna, lies  the  rich  Cumberland  Valley,  between  the 
South  and  Blue  Mountains.  The  latter  mountain-ridge  is 
broken  by  five  wnter-gaps,  through  which  flow  the  Dela- 
ware, Lehigh,  Schuylkill,  Swatara,  and  Susquehanna.  To 
the  northwestward  we  encounter  a  complex  succession  of 
marvellously  uniform,  low,  narrow,  and  level-topped  sand- 
stone mountains  or  ridges,  separated  by  narrow  valleys, 
floored  with  limestone  and  shales,  and  crossing  the  whole 
state  in  the  usual  direction.  The  upper  part  of  the  Susque- 
hanna Valley,  on  both  of  its  main  forks,  presents  much  very 
beautiful  scenery.  To  the  S.W.  the  principal  mountain- 
ridges  westward  are  the  Tuscarora,  Shade,  Sideling,  Wills, 
Uroad  Top,  Dunning's,  Little  Alleghany,  Savage,  Main 
Alleghany,  and  Negro  Mountains,  Laurel  Hill,  and  the 
Chestnut  and  Laurel  Ridges ;  and  W.  of  the  latter  comes 
the  very  fertile  valley  of  the  Monongahela,  covered  with 
gracefully-rounded  hills,  winding  valleys,  and  upland  glades. 
Northeastward  are  the  Mehoopany,  Bald  Eagle,  Wistar, 
Towanda,  and  many  other  ridges.  Northwest  of  this  region 
lies  the  elevated  forest  plateau  of  Elk,  Potter,  McKean, 
and  Forest  cos.,  which  are  but  sparsely  peopled.  To  the 
westward  the  country  is  again  rich  and  populous. 

Geology  and  Minerals. — In  mineral  wealth  Pennsylvania 
Stands  in  the  very  first  rank  among  the  states,  a  rank 
which  she  occupies  chiefly  by  reason  of  the  abundance, 
accessibility,  and  practical  usefulness  of  her  stores  of  coal, 
iron,  and  petroleum.  The  principal  geological  formations 
are  (1)  an  eozoio  or  Laurentian  tract,  covering  the  south- 
eastern angle  of  the  state,  limited  nortliwestward  by  a  lino 
running  from  Trenton,  N.J,,  to  Norristown,  thence  nearly 
to  Lebanon,  then  crossing  the  Susquehanna  N,  of  York,  and 
reaching  the  Maryland  line  a  few  miles  E.  of  Gettysburg. 
It  also  reappears  at  various  points  along  the  S.E.  base  of 
the  South  Mountain  ridge.  Its  principal  minerals  of 
economic  value  are  handsome  serpentine  for  building,  ores 
of  iron  and  chromium  combined,  nickel,  magnetic  iron, 
marble,  largely  quarried  for  use  in  Philadelphia  and  by 
some  referred  to  a  Silurian  epoch,  hematite,  <tc.  Corundum 
is  also  found  here.  Unlike  most  Laurentian  areas,  this 
tract  has  very  generally  a  fertile  soil.  (2)  A  triassic  belt, 
affording  useful  red  sandstone  for  building.  At  Phoenix- 
ville  is  a  mine  of  galena,  or  lead-sulphide,  associated  with 
copper  and  with  lead-phosphate,  its  veins  also  penetrating 
the  gneiss  or  Laurentian  strata.  (3)  The  Silurian  forma- 
tion, whose  limestones  enrich  the  Cumberland  Valley,  and 
whose  slates  are  quarried  for  roofing-sliites  in  the  Lehigh 
and  Delaware  Valleys.  This  formation  also  afibrds  useful 
brown  hematites.  (4)  The  anthracite  coal  region  and  all 
the  mountain  and  valley  districts  east  of  the  main  Alle- 
ghany ridge  present  a  great  variety  of  Silurian  and  Devo- 
nian strata,  their  original  relations  having  been  much  dis- 
turbed by  anticlinal  and  synclinal  folds,  by  denudation, 
and  other  causes.  The  anthracite  is  found  in  long,  narrow 
b.osins,  disposed  mainly  in  three  fields, — a,  the  Schuykill 
and  Mine  Hill  field  (coal  area,  146  square  miles);  b,  the 
Shamokin,  Mahanoy,  and  Lehigh  basins  (united  area,  128 
square  miles) ;  and  c,  the  Lackawanna  and  Wyoming  coal- 
field (area,  198  square  miles) ;  total  area  of  anthracite  coal, 
472  square  miles.  This  excellent  coal  is  found  in  the  coun- 
ties of  Dauphin,  Carbon,  Schuylkill,  and  Luzerne,  and  to 
some  extent  in  Northumberland  and  Columbia  cos.,  while 
in  Sullivan  and  Wyoming  there  are  limited  areas  pro- 
ducing serai-anthracite.  Bradford,  Lycoming,  Tioga,  Hun- 
tingdon, Centre,  Clearfield,  Fulton,  and  Bedford  cos.  have 
(mostly  detached)  fields  of  the  highly  valued  semi-bitumin- 
ous coal.  Passing  the  main  Alleghany  ridge,  we  at  once 
enter  the  great  bituminous  coal-fields,  which  cover  a  very 
large  part  of  Pennsylvania,  every  county  but  one,  after 
crossing  the  main  Alleghany,  yielding  more  or  less  bitu- 
minous coal.  Erie  co.,  and  the  24  eastern  and  southeastern 
counties  which  we  have  not  named,  have  no  coal  whatever. 
Mercer  co.  affords  a  block  coal,  or  semi-cannel,  of  ],eculiar 
excellence  as  a  furnace-coal.  Southwestern  Pennsylvania 
belongs  to  the  upper  coal  measures  (including  the  great  Pitts- 
burg seam  and  the  Waynesburg  coal) ;  but  most  of  the  other 


Th. 
and  2,7fiS,'J: 


mines  of  the  state  are  in  the  lower  meaxures.     It  is  oon- 
ocded  that  the  anthracites  were  once  bituuiinuus,  but  hav 
been  metamorphosed  under  the  influence  of  heat  and  preM- 
ure.     In  1890  I'onnsylvnnia  produced  45.544,970  tons  of 
anthracite,  valued  at  $65,718,165,  and  36,174,089  ton*  of 
bituminous  eoal,  valued  at  $27,953,215;  total,  81,719  059 
valued  at  the  mines  at  $93,671,380.     Other  products  ofthi 
coal  measures  are  fire-clay  and  clay-ironstone.     ThoTT|in«( 
Devonian  strata  afibrd  abundance  of  petroleum,  as  weU  u 
of  salt,  which  is  obtained  by  evaporating  the  strong  brines 
reached  by  artesian  borings.     The  greatest  annual  yield 
of  petroleum  in  the  Pennsylvania  and  New  York  fields  wiii 
30,053,500  barrels,  in  1882  ;  in  1890  the  yield  was  21,486,403 
barrels.    The  counties  of  Venango,  Butler,  McKean,  Wa^li. 
ington,  and  Clarion  afford  most  of  the  petroleum,  nml 
ore  is  found  in  nearly  every  part  of  tne  state, 
product  of  1890  was  4^712,511  tons  of  p 
steel  of  different  kinds.    The  yearly  salt  product  is  not  futl 
from  1,000,000  bushels,  but  it  has  exceeded  12,000,000  iiV 
Rome  years.     Zino  is  mined  at  Friedensville  and  Btihli  1 
The   principal   medicinal    springs   are  at  Bedford,   ■> 
Doubling  Gap,  Ephrata,  and  Yellow  Springs.     In  W( 
Pennsylvania  the  gas  from  natural  gas-wells  is  utilizii    - 
a  source  of  heat  and  light.     Handsome  black  limcatdii-  ■.* 
quarried  at  Williamsport. 

Riven,  d:c. — The  principal  rivers  are  the  Delaware  (navi 
gable  for  large  ships  to  Philadelphia  and  for  smaller  cm 
to  Trenton,  N.J.,  and  to  Easton;  principal  branches,  th 
Lackawanna,  Lehigh,  and  Schuylkill,  the  two  latter  afford 
ing  slack-water  navigation);  the  Susquehanna,  which  ii 
adapted  to  the  flotation  of  rafts  and  arks,  and  whose  banki 
have  been  canalled  j  it  is  formed  by  the  union  of  its  Ea« 
and  West  Branches;  the  Juniata  is  its  main  tributary;  th 
Ohio,  whose  constituent  streams  are  the  Alleghany  an 
Monongahela,  and  among  their  tributaries  the  Conem/iugl 
and  Youghiogheny  are  of  principal  importance.  The  Olii 
and  its  main  head-streams  afford  a  great  deal  of  navigatio 
during  good  stages  of  water. 

Agriculture. — Pennsylvania  occupies  a  very  prominenti 
position  as  an  agricultural  state.  There  is  comparativelyl 
little  land  in  the  state  which  might  not  be  rendered  usefulJ 
The  "serpentine  barrens"  which  traverse  the  fertile  south- 
eastern counties,  a  good  part  of  the  anthracite  coal  countryj 
and  many  steep  and  inarablo  mountain-sides,  seera  boiic-i 
lessly  unproductive;  but  the  desolate  "Shades  of  Death," 
or  Pocono  region,  has  been  pronounced  bj'  high  authority 
to  afford  the  best  of  soils  for  oats,  timothy,  and  clover,  and 
for  the  grazing  of  long-woolled  sheep.  The  northern  up- 
land counties  have  very  generally  a  thin,  cold  soil,  and  are 
liable  to  summer  frosts,  but  they  are  well  adapted  to  grazing 
and  to  the  growth  of  timber.  But  after  making  all  possi- 
ble allowances  for  waste  lands  there  remains  an  immense 
body  of  agricultural  land  of  the  highest  excellence.  The 
Cumberland,  Wyoming,  and  Lebanon  Valleys,  the  beau- 
tiful grain-producing  and  wool-growing  counties  of  the! 
S.W.,  the  admirable  pastoral  soils  of  the  N.W.,  the  skil- 
fully managed  farms  of  Lancaster,  Chester,  Delaware,! 
Montgomery,  Bucks,  Berks,  Lehigh,  and  Northampton 
counties,  and  the  limestone  soils  of  most  of  the  niountain-i 
valleys,  more  than  compensate  for  the  acreage  of  waste' 
lands.  Pennsylvania  excels  in  dairy  and  market-garden 
products,  in  wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  wool,  tobacco,  fruit, 
potatoes,  hay,  live-stock,  and  indeed  in  all  the  agricultural 
staples  of  the  Northern  states.  In  some  years  she  has  pro-i 
duced  grain,  hay,  potatoes,  and  tobacco  to  the  aggregate 
value  of  nearly  $116,000,000 ;  and  it  is  safe  to  suppose  that 
her  wool,  pork,  beef,  fruit,  milk,  garden  and  dairy  products, 
and  the  increase  of  flocks  and  herds,  more  than  double  that! 
value.  Many  inarable  hill-sides  are  finely  adapted  to  vine- 
growing.  Northern  Pennsylvania  affords  great  amounts 
of  pine,  spruce,  and  hemlock  {imber  and  tanners'  bark.  In 
the  N.E.  there  are  extensive  beech  forests.  Oak  of  many 
species,  the  sugar  and  other  maples,  ash,  hickory,  elm, 
tulip-tree,  black  and  white  walnut,  and  many  other  useful 
trees  abound;  and  Pennsylvania  ranks  as  one  of  the  lead- 
ing states  in  the  lumber-trade.  Williamsport  and  Lock 
Haven  are  principal  seats  of  this  industry. 

Manufactures. — In  this  department  of  industry  the  state 
is  one  of  the  foremost  in  the  Union.  The  iron  industry 
centres  at  Pittsburg,  Alleghany,  Harrisburg,  Reading, 
Scranton,  Ac,  but  is  carried  on  largely  in  many  of  the 
smaller  towns  and  cities.  Pittsburg  is  also  one  of  the 
principal  glass-making  towns  in  the  United  States,  and 
turns  out  immense  quantities  of  machinery,  castings,  nails, 
hardware,  etc.  Philadelphia  has  a  great  variety  of  pro- 
ductive industries,  and  is  one  of  the  world's  great  manufac- 
turing   centres.     Agricultural    implements,    boots,  shoes, 


PEN 


2135 


PI'X 


brass  goods,  brick,  beer,  cars,  carriages,  cooperage,  chemi- 
cals, coke,  charcoal,  cheese,  cement,  clothing,  cutlery,  car- 
pets, cordage,  cottons,  flour,  fertilizers,  furniture,  glue,  gun- 
iiowder,  hats,  hosiery,  jewelry,  leather,  lumber,  lime,  distilled 
liquors,  paints,  paper,  pottery,  refined  oil,  refined  sugar, 
saddlery,  sewing-silk,  ships,  saws,  soap,  tobacco,  woollens, 
and  worsted  goods  are  among  the  leading  manufactured  ar- 
ticles which  Pennsylvania  produces  on  a  large  scale. 

Commerce. — The  Delaware  River  affords  a  channel  of 
commerce  deep  enough  for  ships  of  the  largest  class,  and 
Philadelphia,  on  that  river,  is  one  of  the  principal  seats  of 
foreign  and  coastwise  trade.  Grain,  provisions,  petroleum, 
tobacco,  oil-cake,  lumber,  tallow,  hides,  leather,  shoes,  cot- 
ton, machinery,  and  coal  are  the  principal  exports.  Ken- 
fington  and  Chester  are  important  seats  of  sliip-building. 
Erie,  on  Lake  Brie,  and  Pittsburg,  on  the  Ohio,  are  also 
great  commercial  centres.  For  the  year  ending  December 
31,  1890,  the  imports  nt  the  several  customs  districts  of  the 
state  aggregated  $46,722,689  in  value,  of  which  Philadel- 
phia received  goods  to  the  value  of  $45,021,348,  Pittsburg 
$608,709,  and  Erie  $92,6.50.  The  exports  for  the  same  year 
amounted  to  $28,018,942  in  value,  of  which  the  amount  of 
$28,012,789  is  credited  to  the  port  of  Philadelphia  and 
$6063  to  the  port  of  Erie. 

Railroads. — The"Switchback"  Railroad  at  MauchChunk, 
opened  in  1826,  was  followed  by  a  number  of  other  cool 
roads;  and  in  1834  the  Philadelphia  &  Columbia  (82  miles) 
and  the  Portage  Railroad  (36  miles)  were  opened,  having 
been  built  at  the  expense  of  the  state.  In  1835  there  were 
265  miles  in  the  state;  in  1846,  840  miles;  in  1850,  1240 
miles;  in  1855,  1800  miles;  in  1860,  2598  miles;  in  1865, 
3728  miles;  in  1870,4656  miles;  in  1875,  5868  miles ;  in 
1880,  6243  miles;  in  1885,  7746  miles,  and  in  1890,  8700 
miles,  exclusive  of  double  and  side  tracks.  Two  great 
corporations  (the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  and  the  Philadel- 
phia <fe  Reading  Railroad)  own,  lease,  or  otherwise  control 
a  very  large  number  of  minor  lines. 

The  Cauals  of  Pennsylvania,  which  formerly  extended 
more  than  1000  miles,  have  been  in  part  abandoned,  in 
consequence  of  the  introduction  of  railroads.  Hut  for  the 
transportation  of  coal  and  heavy  freights  the  canals  are 
still  profitably  employed.  A  large  part  of  the  state  debt, 
noticed  below,  was  contracted  in  canal-construction. 

Finances. — The  state  debt  December  1,  1889,  amounted 
to  $13,856,971.28,  of  which  $9,766,179  was  covered  by 
sinking  funds.  During  the  following  year  a  further  reduc- 
tion of  $1,507,051  was  made,  leaving  a  net  indebtednefs  of 
$2,583,741.28.  In  1890  the  value  of  taxable  property  was 
pnt  at  $2,592,841,032.  The  estimated  ordinary  revenue  for 
1890  was  $8,625,919.10,  expenses  $8,168,861.18. 

Counties. — Pennsylvania  has  67  counties :  Adams,  Alle- 
ghany, Armstrong,  Beaver,  Bedford,  Berks,  Blair,  Bradford, 
Bucks,  Butler,  Cambria,  Cameron,  Carbon,  Centre,  Chester, 
Clarion,  Clearfield,  Clinton,  Columbia,  Crawford,  Cumber- 
land, Dauphin,  Delaware,  Elk,  Erie,  Fayette,  Forest, 
Franklin,  Fulton,  Greene,  Huntingdon,  Indiana,  Jefi"erson, 
I  Juniata,  Lackawanna,  Lancaster,  Lawrence,  Lebanon,  Le- 
(  high,  Luzerne,  Lycoming,  McKean,  Mercer,  Mifilin,  Mon- 
roe, Montgomery,  Montour,  Northampton,  Northumber- 
land, Perry,  Philadelphia,  Pike,  Potter,  Schuylkill,  Snyder, 
Somerset,  Sullivan,  Susquehanna,  Tioga,  Union,  Venango, 
Warren,  Wasliington,  Wayne,  Westmoreland,  Wyoming, 
and  York. 

The  principal  Cities  and  Boroughs  are  Philadelphia,  the 
.  largest  city  in  the  state,  and  the  third  in  the  Union  (pop. 
;  in  1890,1,046,964);  Harrisburg,  (he  capital  (39,385);  Pitts- 
'  burg  (pop.  in  1880,  156,389;  in  1890,  238,617) :  Alleghany, 
a  city  adjoining  Pittsburg  (105,287),  Scranton  (75,215), 
Reading  (58,661),  Erie  (40,634),  Wilkes-Barre  (37.718), 
Lancaster  (32,01  l),Altoona  (30,337),  Williamsport  (27,1 32), 
Allcntown  (25,228),  Johnstown  (21,805),  York  (20,793), 
McKeesport  (20,74 1 ),  Chester  (20,226),  Norristown  ( 1 9,791 ), 
while  Ashland,  Bellefonte,  Bethlehem,  Bristol,  Butler,  Car- 
bondale,  Carlisle,  Chanibersburg,  Columbia,  Corry,  Dan- 
ville, Easton,  Franklin,  Greonsburg,  Greenville,  Iloncsdale, 
Huntingdon,  Lebanon,  Lock  Haven,  Mahanoy,  Mauch 
Chunk,  Meadville,  New  Castle,  Oil  City,  Pittston,  Putts- 
ville,  Shamokin,  Sharon,  St.  Clair,  Tamaqua,  Titusvillo, 
Towanda,  Tyrone,  Union  City,  Warren,  Washington,  and 

B)res  of  other  towns  are  populous  and  thriving  business 
ntres.  . 
Government,  dec. — The  present  constitution  was  adopted 
1873.  The  governor  is  chosen  for  the  term  of  4  years. 
le  general  assembly  consists  of  a  senate  of  50  members, 
osen  for  four  years,  and  a  house  of  200  representatives, 
chosen  for  2  years.  Judges  are  elected  by  the  people  to 
,  serve  for  fixed  terms.     Voters  must  have  resided  in  the 


state  1  year  and  in  the  election  district  2  months  next  be- 
fore the  election.  The  state  sends  32  representatives  to  the 
lower  house  of  Congress,  and  has  34  electoral  votes. 

Public  Institutions. — The  state  has  penitentiaries  at  Alle- 
ghany, Huntingdon,  and  Philadelphia;  a  large  number  of 
county  and  city  prisons,  jails,  and  houses  of  correction ; 
reformatories  at  Philadelphia  and  Morganza;  insane  hos- 
pitals at  Harrisburg,  Danville,  Warren,  Norristown,  and 
Dixmont,  besides  several  private  and  incorporated  insane 
retreats;  an  institution  for  feeble-minded  youth  at  Media; 
institutions  for  the  blind  and  for  deaf-mutes  at  Philadel- 
phia; and  a  large  number  of  public  and  private  hospitals, 
orphanages,  dispensaries,  and  other  charitable  institutions. 

Education. — Although  Penn's  frame  of  government(1682) 
directed  the  establishment  of  public  schools,  and  the  free 
education  of  the  children  of  the  poor  was  subsequently 
provided  for  by  statute,  the  public  school  system  of  Phila- 
delphia w.as  not  in  operation  before  1818,  and  the  first 
common-school  law  for  the  state  was  enacted  in  1834; 
and  then  and  thereafter  the  system  met  with  much  oppo- 
sition. At  present  the  school  system  is  very  effective. 
There  are  state,  county,  city,  and  borougli  superintendents 
of  public  instruction,  and  district  and  other  local  super- 
visors and  directors.  Women  are  eligible  to  educational 
offices.  Education  is  not  compulsory.  The  principal  cities 
and  boroughs  have  high  and  graded  schools,  and  in  some 
of  the  towns  some  amount  of  free  industrial  and  technical 
training  is  provided  for.  There  are  state  normal  schools  at 
Bloomsburg,  California,  Clarion,  Edinborough,  Erie,  In- 
diana, Kutztown,  Lock  Haven,  Mansfield,  Millersville, 
Sagamore,  Shippensburg,  and  West  Chester,  and  a  large 
city  normal  school  for  girls  at  Philadelphia.  Institu- 
tions of  collegiate  and  university  rank  are  sustained  at 
Allentown,  Annville,  Carlisle,  Chester,  Easton,  Preeland, 
Gettysburg,  Greenville,  Haverford,  Lancaster,  Latrobe, 
Lewisburg,  Loretto,  Lower  Oxford,  Meadville,  Mercers- 
burg,  Myerstown,  New  Wilmington,  Philadelphia  (4), 
Pittsburg,  South  Bethlehem,  Swarthmore,  Villanova,  Wash- 
ington, and  Waynesburg,  not  including  the  celebrated 
Girard  College  for  orphans,  at  Philadelphia,  or  the  state 
college  in  Harris  township,  Centre  co.  (free  to  youths  of 
either  sex),  where  agriculture  and  the  mechanic  arts  receive 
special  but  not  exclusive  attention.  There  are  also  female 
colleges  at  Allentown,  Bryn  Mawr,  Chambersburg,  College- 
ville,  Mechaniosburg,  Pittsburg,  and  York,  and  many  pro- 
fessional and  technical  schools  of  high  grade,  including  16 
or  more  theological  seminaries. 

History. — Pennsylvania  was  colonized  by  William  Penn, 
the  first  patentee  and  proprietor,  in  1681.  The  early  Quaker 
settlers  found  at  Wicaco,  now  Philadelphia,  a  prosperous 
Swedish  settlement.  The  province  until  1699  embraced  wliat 
is  now  Delaware;  and  until  1776  the  two  colonies  had  the 
same  governor.  The  Maryland  line  ("Mason  and  Dixon's 
line")  was  established  in  1767,  and  thus  closed  one  intercolo- 
nial contest;  but  the  Connecticut  charter  covered  Northern 
Pennsylvania,  and  for  years  the  Wyoming  Valley  and  its 
vicinity  was  the  scene  of  conflicts  between  the  adherents 
of  the  two  colonies,  and  blood  was  shed  on  many  occasions. 
These  difiicultics  were  adjusted,  by  the  aid  of  the  general 
government,  in  1787.  Pennsylvania  was  the  scene  of  many 
important  events  during  the  Revolution.  In  1794  occurred 
the  "  whisky  rebellion,"  which  was  suppressed  without 
bloodshed.  During  the  war  of  1 861-65  the  important  battle 
of  (Jettysburg  was  fought  in  this  state  (1863),  and  a  year 
later  Chambersburg  was  burned  by  Confederate  forces. 

Population.— In  1790,  434,373;  in  1800,  602,365;  in 
1810,810,091;  in  1820,  1,047,507;  in  1830,  1,348,233;  in 
1840,  1,724,033;  in  1850.  2,311,786:  in  1860,2,906.215;  in 
1870,  a,521,951;  in  1880,4,282,891;  in  1890,  5,258,014. 
Besides  the  original  Swedish  and  English  immigrations,  the 
northeastern  counties  were  very  largely  peopled  from  Con- 
necticut, and  the  southeastern  and  central  sections  by  Swiss 
and  Germans  of  the  Palatinate,  whose  peculiar  and  now 
much  modified  dialect  of  the  German  is  still  extensively 
spoken,  and  is  known  as  "Pennsylvania  Dutch."  Many 
Scotch-Irish  Presbyterians  also  settled  here  in  colonial 
times;  and  of  late  there  have  been  large  immigrations  of 

Germans,    Irish,  and   others. Inhab.  Pennsylvanian, 

pSn*sil-vi'ne-an. 

Pennsylvania,  a  township  of  Mason  oc.  III.  Pop. 
932.     It  contains  Teheran. 

Pennsylvania  House,  a  station  in  Warren  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Pittsburg,  Titusville  &  Buifalo  Railroad,  4  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Irvine. 

Penn  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  and  a 
station  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Philadelphia  with 
Trenton,  3i  miles  S.S.W.  of  Trenton. 


PEN 


2136 


PEN 


Pcnnville,  Jay  oo.,  InJ.    Soo  Camdkn. 

Peiiii'villCf  a  po«t-batulct  of  Sulliviin  co.,  Mo.,  about 
54  inilea  N.N.E.  of  CbilHootho.     It  haa  2  churches. 

PennvillCt  Lancaster  oo.,  Pa.    Soe  Pbnn. 

Penu  Yhii,  a  pu-st-villnge,  capitul  of  Yates  co.,  N.Y., 
is  fituutoU  lit  the  outlut  nnd  northern  end  of  Kuuka  Lake, 
on  the  Nortliorn  Central  lUilroad,  45  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Elinira,  and  53  miles  S.E.  of  Hoohoster.  It  is  partly  in 
Denton  township  and  mostly  in  Milo.  Steamooats  ply 
daily  between  this  place  and  Ilammondsport,  at  the  head 
of  the  lake.  I'onn  Yan  contains  a  court-house,  5  churclics, 
an  academy,  2  banks,  2  flouring-mills,  2  foundries,  manu- 
factures of  carriages,  threshing-machines,  lumber,  sash, 
blind.s  Ac,  and  3  newspaper  offices.     Pop.  (li^i^U)  42a4. 

Ponnycuick,  a  town  of  Scotland.    See  Pshicuick. 

Pcnuy  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Edgecombe  oo.,  N.C.,  on  Tar 
River,  19  miles  from  Tarborough. 

Pcn'nypack,  a  station  in  Philadelphia  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Kensington. 

Pciinypack  (or  Pcnnepack)  Creek,  in  the  S.E. 
part  of  Pennsylvania,  flows  through  the  N.  part  of  Phila- 
Uolphia  00.,  and  enters  the  Delaware  River  near  Ilolmos- 
burg.     It  furnishes  water-power  for  several  largo  factories. 

Pcu'nyville,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  111. 

Pcno,  a  lake  of  Russia.     Sec  Pkx. 

Pe'iio,  a  township  of  Pike  co..  Mo.     Pop.  2160. 

Penob'scot,  a  river  of  Maine,  rises  in  Somerset  oo., 
near  the  frontier  of  Canada,  and  runs  eastward  to  Piscataquis 
CO.,  where  it  expands  into  a  long  lake  named  Chesuncook. 
From  this  lake  it  runs  southeastward  into  Penobscot  oo.  A 
small  stream,  called  Seboois  River,  or  the  East  Branch  of  tho 
Penobscot,  enters  the  main  river  near  the  middle  of  Penob- 
scot CO.  The  upper  part  of  the  Penobscot  River  is  sometimes 
called  tho  West  Branch.  Below  the  mouth  of  the  Seboois 
its  general  direction  is  S.S.W.  It  intersects  Penobscot  co., 
forms  the  boundary  between  tho  cos.  of  Hancock  and  Waldo, 
and  enters  Penobscot  Bay,  a  large  inlet  of  the  ocean.  Its 
length  is  estimated  at  300  miles.  The  tide  ascends  to  Ban- 
gor, which  is  the  largest  town  on  this  river  nnd  is  about  60 
miles  from  the  sea.  It  is  navigable  for  largo  vessels  to 
Bangor,  nnd  for  small  steamboats  above  that  place.  This 
river  is  the  channel  of  a  large  trade  in  lumber,  which  is  pro- 
cured on  its  banks. 

Penobscot,  a  county  of  Maine,  is  near  tho  middle  of 
the  state.  Area,  about  3332  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Penobscot  River,  and  also  drained  by  tho  Piscata- 
quis, Seboois,  Miittawamkeng,  aud  Kcnduskciig  Rivers.  The 
surface  is  uneven,  and  is  diversified  with  numerous  lake.", 
among  which  arc  Seboois,  Mattagaraon,  Millinokett,  and 
Twin  Lakes,  and  extensive  forests  of  pine,  ash,  oak,  sugar- 
maple,  and  other  trees.  Mount  Katahdin  rises  in  Piscata- 
quis county,  not  far  from  the  western  border  of  Penobscot 
county.  liay,  butter,  potatoes,  oats,  and  wool  are  the  staple 
products  of  the  farms,  nnd  lumber  is  the  chief  article  of 
e.xport.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  St.  John,  New 
Brunswick  &  Boston  Branch  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Rail- 
road, several  branches  of  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad, 
and  tho  Bangor  A  Aroostook  Railroad.  Capital,  Bangor, 
Pop.  in  1870,  75,150;  in  1880,  70,476;  in  1890,  72,865. 

Penobscot,  a  post-village  in  Penobscot  township, 
Hancock  co..  Me.,  on  an  inlet  which  opens  into  Penobscot 
Bay,  about  27  miles  S.  of  Bangor,  and  9  miles  N.E.  of  Cas- 
tine.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  bricks.  The 
township  is  at  the  mouth  of  the  Penobscot  River,  and  pre- 
sents beautiful  scenery.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1418. 

Penobscot,  a  station  in  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Lehigh  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  16  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Wilkesbarre. 

Penobscot  Bay,  Maine,  is  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  from  which  it  extends  N.  to  Belfast  and  to  the  mouth 
of  the  Penobscot  River.  It  is  35  miles  long,  including  the 
N.  part,  called  Belfast  Bay,  and  20  miles  wide.  It  encloses 
numerous  islands  and  affords  good  harbors. 

Penob'squis,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  the  Intercolonial  Railway,  51  miles  from  St.  John. 
It  contains  3  stores,  2  saw-mills,  and  several  salt-wells,  and 
has  manufactories  of  paper,  leather,  carriages,  Ac.  Pop.  400. 

Peno'kee,  a  station  in  Ashland  oo..  Wis.,  on  the  Wis- 
consin Central  Railroad,  27  miles  S.E.  of  Ashland. 

Peno'la,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Caroline  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Richmond,  Fredericksburg  i,  Potomac  Railroad,  35 
miles  N.  of  Richmond. 

Penomping,  and  Penompein.    See  Pnompenh. 

Peflon  de  Velez,  p5n-yon'  d4  vi'lfith,  a  fortified 
'  Spanish  islet  and  town  in  the  Mediterranean,  80  miles  S.E. 
of  Ceuta,  near  the  African  coast.  It  has  a  convict-prison, 
magazines,  and  a  small  and  shallow  harbor. 


Pen'pont,  a  village  of  Scotland,  oo.  nnd  15  milei 
N.N.W.  of  Dumfries,  on  tho  Scaur.  Pop.  632.  In  tho 
parisli  are  numerous  Human  antiquities. 

Pen'rhyti  Islands,  a  groun  in  tho  Pacific  Ooean. 
Lat.  9°  2'  S. ;  Ion.  157°  35'  W.  They  are  densely  wooded 
and  populous. 

Peurhyn,  Port,  Wales.    Soe  Pont  Pknuhtn. 

Penrith  (often  pronounced  poe'rith),  a  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  Cumberland,  at  the  junction  of  several  mil- 
ways,  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Carlisle.     Pop.  898!.    Tlio  i 
is  neat,  nnd  has  a  church,  a  grammar-school  foundc  i 
Queen   Elizabeth,  a  county  court-house,  house  of  cm 
tion,  workhouse,  nn  assembly-room,  museum,  subsoriptiun 
library,  the  remains  of  a  castle  built  during  the  war»  of 
the  Roses,  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  woollen,  nnd  linen 
goods.     Tho  vicinity  is  rich  in  striking  scenery  ami  ancient 
remains,  comprising  Brougham   and   Eden   Halls,    Dacro 
Castle,  and  various  British  antiquities. 

PenVyn',  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Cornwall,  at 
the  head  of  Falmouth  harbor,  and  almost  adjoining  Fal- 
mouth on  the  N.W.  Pop.  3679.  It  has  a  custom-house, 
and  oonsidemble  exports  of  granite.  The  borough  joins 
with  Falmouth  in  sending  two  members  to  I'urlinmont. 

PenVyn',  a  post-hamlct  of  Placer  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  6  miles  from  the  Alabaster  Cave. 
It  has  granite-quarries. 

Pensa,  a  town  and  government  of  Russia.    See  Penxa. 

Pensaco'la,  a  port  of  entry  and  the  capital  of  Es- 
cambia CO.,  Fla.,  is  situated  on  the  W.  shore  of  Pensacola 
Bay,  about  10  miles  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  50  milei 
in  a  direct  line  S.E.  of  Mobile,  which  is  nearly  90  miles 
distant  by  water.  It  is  the  southern  terminus  of  the  Pen- 
sacola Railro.ad,  which  connects  with  tho  Mobile  A  Mont- 
gomery Railroad  at  Pensacola  Junction,  and  is  the  E.  ter- 
minus of  a  railroad  extending  to  Millvicw,  on  Pcrdido  Bay. 
Tho  harbor  has  20  feet  of  water  on  the  bar,  and  is  oni  of 
the  safest  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  The  entrance  of  it  is 
defended  by  Fort  Pickens  and  Fort  McRae.  Pensacola  has 
a  custom-bouse,  a  convent,  8  churches,  2  newspaper  offices, 
and  several  saw-mills.  Steamers  ply  regularly  between 
Pensacola  and  New  Orleans  and  llaviinn.  Pop.  in  ISSi), 
6845;  in  1890,  11,750.  Tho  Pensacola  navy-yard  is  at 
Warrington,  7  miles  to  seaward  of  the  town. 

Pensacola,  a  post-township  of  Yancey  oo.,  N.C.,  35 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Marion.     Pop.  319. 

Pensacola  Bay,  Florida,  an  inlet  which  oxtcnds  from 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico  into  Santa  Rosa  co.  It  is  landlocked,  i 
and  forms  a  safe  harbor,  the  entrance  of  which  has  about 
20  feet  of  water  on  the  bar.  It  is  sheltered,  and  partly 
separated  from  the  gulf  by  Santa  Rosa  Island. 

Pensacola  Junction,  Alabama.    See  Whitino. 

Pensaukee,  pen-saw'kee,  a  small  river  of  Wisconsin, 
runs  eastward  through  tho  S.  part  of  Oconto  co.,  and  enters 
Green  Bay  about  4  miles  S.  of  Oconto.  j 

Pensaukee,  a  post-village  of  Oconto  co..  Wis.,  in  Pen-i 
saukee  township,  is  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Rail- 1 
road,  and  on  Green  Bay,  at  tho  mouth  of  the  Pensaukee 
River,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Oconto.  It  has  a  church,  1  or  2 
saw-mills,  and  a  good  harbor.     Pop.  of  township,  1281. 

Pensauken,  pen-saw'k^n,  a  village  of  Camden  co., ; 
N.J.,  on  the  Camden  &  Burlington  Counties  Railroad, 
^  mile  E.  of  Merchantville. 

Pensauken  Creek,  New  Jersey,  forms  part  of  the 
boundary  between  the  cos.  of  Burlington  and  Camden,  and  I 
enters  tho  Delaware  5  miles  above  the  city  of  Camden.        ! 

Pcns'nett,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Stafford,  2; 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Dudley.     Pop.  6345. 

Pen'tecost  Island,  an  island  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  i 
one  of  the  Cumberland  group,  off  East  Australia.  Lat.  20°  j 
23'  10"  S.;  Ion.  148°  59'  30"  E.  _     ; 

Pentecost  (or  Whitsunday)  Island, in  the  Pacific' 
Ocean,  New  Hebrides.     Lat.  15°  59'  S.;  Ion.  168°  19'  E. 

Fentelicus,  pfin-tfil'e-kiis,  Penteli,  p5n-ti'lee,  or 
Mendeli,  mSn-di'lee,  a  mountain  of  Greece,  in  Attica, 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Athens,  rises  to  3640  feet  above  the  sea 
It  contains  quarries  of  white  marble,  greatly  renowned. 

Pentenisia,  or  Pentenesia,  p6n-t4-nee'se-4,  a 
group  of  islets  in  the  Gulf  of  .^gina,  Greece,  10  miles 
N.W.  of  iEgina. 

Pentima,  p5n-tee'm&,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Aquila,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Sulmona.     Pop.  2416.  . 

Pent'land  Firth,  a  sound  dividing  continental  Scot- 
land from  the  Orkney  Islands,  and  connecting  the  Atlantio 
and  German  Oceans.  Length,  from  E.  to  W.,  17  miles; 
breadth,  from  6  to  8  miles.  Its  navigation  is  the  most 
dangerous  of  the  Scottish  seas,  its  currents  at  the  change 
of  tides  causing  dangerous  eddies  and  whirlpools. 


V 


PEN 


2137 


PEP 


Pentland  Hills,  a  range  in  Scotland,  cos.  of  Peebles, 
Lanark,  and  Edinburgh,  extending  for  about  14  miles  N.E. 
to  within  4  miles  S.W.  of  Edinburgh. 

Peiit'land  Sker'ries,  Scotland,  comprise  two  islets 
and  some  contiguous  rocks,  the  larger  about  4i  miles  N,  of 
Duncansby  Head.     It  has  a  light-house. 

Pen'tonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Salem  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Salem  Branch  of  the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  at  Penton  Sta- 
tion, 3i  miles  E.  of  Salem. 
Pentress,  AVest  Virginia.  See  New  Brownsville. 
Pent'water,  a  post-village  in  Pentwater  township, 
Oceana  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Michigan,  at  the  mouth  of  a 
river  of  its  own  name,  and  at  the  northern  terminus  of  the 
Chicago  &  Michigan  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  44  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Muskegon,  and  about  15  miles  S.  of  Ludington.  It  con- 
lains  3  churches,  a  state  bank,  1  or  2  newspaper  ofRces,  a 
graded  school,  several  lumber-mills,  a  foundry,  a  planing- 
mill,  &o.,  and  has  an  active  trade  in  lumber,  fish,  and  other 
products.     Pop.  1294;  of  the  township,  1370. 

Pentz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butte  co.,  Cal.,  12  miles  N.  of 
Oroville.     It  has  a  store. 

Penvenan,  p6N°S-§h-n6N<»',  a  maritime  village  of 
France,  C6tes-du-Nord,  near  the  English  Channel,  3  miles 
N.W.  of  Treguier.     Pop.  467. 

Pen'ville,  a  post-villago  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Bradford.     Pop.  120. 

Penza,  or  Pensa,  pSn'zi,  a  government  of  Russia, 
mostly  between  lat.  53°  and  55°  N.  and  Ion.  42°  30'  and 
46°  30'  E.,  enclosed  by  the  governments  of  Nizhnee-Nov- 
gorod,  Simbeersk,  Saratov,  and  Tambov.  Area,  14,768 
I  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1870,  1,173,186.  Surface  mostly 
I  leyel.  Principal  rivers,  the  Moksha,  Soora,  and  their  af- 
!  fluents.  Soil  fertile,  and  corn  is  extensively  exported. 
I  Cattle,  sheep,  hogs,  and  horses  are  reared.  Forests  very 
extensive.  The  mineral  products  comprise  iron,  chalk, 
sandstone,  sulphur,  and  vitriol.  The  manufactures  embrace 
coarse  linens  and  woollen  stuffs  ;  and  there  are  soap-,  glass-, 
beet-sugar-,  and  leather-factories,  and  iron-foundries.  Prin- 
cipal towns,  Penza,  Nizbnee-Lomov,  and  Saransk. 

Penza,  a  city  of  Russia,  capital  of  the  above  govern- 
ment, is  situated  130  miles    N.N.W.  of  Saratov,  on   the 
'  Soora,  at  its  confluence  with  the  Penza.     Pop.  34,331.     It 
has  a  large  cathedral  and  12  other  churches,  a  theological 
seminary,  a  gymnasium,  extensive  government  ofiBces,  and 
manufactures  of  leather  and  soap. 
Pen^zance',  a  seaport,  the  westernmost  town  of  Eng- 
•  land,  CO.  of  Cornwall,  on  Mount's  Bay,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of 
\  Land's  End,  and  65  miles  W.S.W.  of  Launceston.     Pop. 
'12,448.     It  is  situated  in  a  district  noted  for  its  fertility, 
,  fine  scenery,  and  singularly  mild,  though  moist,  climate. 
■  It  is  a  railway  terminus,  and  has  a  spacious  church,  a  gram- 
'  mar-school,  a  national  school,  a  school  of  industry,  a  guild 
'  hall  and  market-house,  a  jail,  workhouse,  smelting-houses 
for  tin,  the  hall  and  valuable  museum  of  the  Cornwall  Geo- 
logical Society,  and  handsome  baths.  The  principal  exports 
are  tin  and  copper  ore,  the  produce  of  the  neighboring 
mines,  agricultural  produce,  and  pilchards.     The  imports 
'  consist  of  timber,  iron,  and  hemp.      The  harbor,  with  a 
pier  about  800  feet  long,  having  at  its  end  a  light-house,  is 
accessible  by  vessels  of  a  moderate  burden. 

Pcnzing,  p5nt'sing,  a  village  of  Lower  Austria,  3 
miles  W.  of  Vienna,  on  the  Wicn.  It  has  numerous  villas, 
and  manufactures  of  silk  fabrics.     Pop.  7683. 

Pcnzlin,  pSnts-leen',  a  town  of  Mecklenburg-Schwerin, 
43  miles  E.S.E.  of  Gustrow.     Pop.  2701. 
Peo'a,  a  post-oflBce  of  Summit  co.,  Utah, 
Peo'la  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Va. 
Peo'li,  or  New'town,  a  post-village  of  Tuscarawas 
CO.,  0.,  about  20  miles  S.  of  New  Philadelphia.     It  has  2 
churches  and  a  union  school.     The  name  of  its  post-office 
is  Peoli.     Pop.  98. 
Peoples,  pee'p'lz,  township,  Boone  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  493. 
Peoples,  a  post-office  of  Cape  Girardeau  co..  Mo.,  about 
10  miles  W.  of  Cape  Girardeau  City. 

Peo'ria,  a  county  in  the  N.AV.  central  part  of  Illinois, 
has  an  area  of  about  60O  square  miles.     It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.E.  by  the  Illinois  River  and   Peoria  Lake,  and  is 
drained  by  Spoon  River  and  Kickapoo  Creek.     The  surface 
is  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the 
oak,  maple,  ash,  elm,  and  other  trees.     The  soil  is  fertile. 
,  Indian  corn,  oats,  wheat,  hay,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.     A  large  part  of  the  county  is  prairie.     Among 
its  mineral  resources  are  bituminous  coal  and  limestone. 
It  is  intersected  in  many  directions  by  a  number  of  rail- 
roads, which  centre  at  Peoria,  the  capital.     Pop.  in  1870, 
47,640;  in  1880,  55,355;  in  1890,  70,378. 
Peoria,  a  post-office  of  Maricopa  co.,  Arizona. 
135 


Peoria,  a  post-office  of  Sebastian  co.,  Ark. 

Peoria,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Peoria  co..  111.,  is  pleas- 
antly situated  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Illinois  River,  at  the 
lower  end  of  Peoria  Lake,  about  65  miles  N.  of  Springfield. 
By  railroad  it  is  160  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago,  53  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Galesburg,  and  45  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Bloomington.  It 
was  in  1870  the  third  city  of  the  state  in  population.  It 
is  at  the  junction  of  the  following  railroads:  the  Chicago, 
Pekin  <t  Southwestern,  the  Peoria,  Pekin  &  Jacksonville, 
the  Peoria  Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific, 
the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  A  Western,  the  Peoria  & 
Rock  Island,  the  Illinois  Midland,  and  the  Galesburg  & 
Peoria  division  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy. 
Steamboats  ply  regularly  between  this  city  and  St.  Louis, 
and  also  navigate  the  upper  part  of  the  river.  Peoria 
contains  a  court-house,  a  city  hall,  about  28  churches,  a 
high  school,  the  Peoria  County  Normal  School,  the  mercan-. 
tile  library,  3  or  4  national  banks,  several  large  distilleries, 
breweries,  iron-foundries,  machine-shops,  and  manufactures 
of  carriages,  cabinet  furniture,  engines,  boilers,  &o.  It  has 
wide  streets,  which  cross  one  another  at  right  angles  and  are 
lighted  with  gas.  Five  daily  newspapers,  2  of  which  are 
German,  are  published  here;  also  5  weekly  newspapers.  It 
is  surrounded  by  fertile,  undulating  prairies,  in  which  rich 
mines  of  bituminous  coal  have  been  opened,  and  it  has  an 
extensive  trade.     Pop  in  18S0,  29,259  ;  in  1890,  41,024. 

Peoria,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind.,  10  miles 
E.  of  Brookville. 

Peoria,  a  small  post-village  in  Richland  township,  Ma- 
haska CO.,  Iowa,  about  15  miles  N.N.W.  of  Oskaloosa,  and 
9  miles  N.E.  of  Pella.     It  has  3  churches. 

Peoria,  a  post-hamlet  in  Peoria  township,  Franklin 
CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Osage  River,  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Ottawa, 
and  about  44  miles  S.E.  of  Topeka.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  817. 

Peoria,  a  hamlet  in  Berne  township,  Albany  co.,  N.Y., 
about  25  miles  W,  of  Albany.  It  has  a  church  and  a  grist- 
mill.    Pop.  100.     Here  is  West  Berne  Post-Office. 

Peoria,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y.,  about  32 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Rochester. 

Peoria,  a  post-hamlet  in  Liberty  township,  Union  co., 
0.,  on  the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad,  26  miles  S.W. 
of  Marion. 

Peoria,  a  post-village  of  Linn  co.,  Oregon,  in  the  Wil- 
lamette Valley,  15  miles  S.  of  Albany. 

Peoria,  a  post-village  of  Hill  co.,  Tex.,  30  miles  N.  of 
Waco.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  manufactures  of  farming-implements.     Pop.  234. 

Peoria  City,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa,  on  In- 
dian Creek,  about  22  miles  N.E.  of  Des  Moines. 

Peoria  Lake,  Illinois,  is  an  expansion  of  the  Illinois 
River,  and  forms  the  E.  boundary  of  Peoria  co.,  which  it 
separates  from  the  cos.  of  Woodford  and  Tazewell.  It  is 
about  20  miles  long,  and  2i  miles  wide  at  the  broadest  part. 

Peos'ta,  a  post-village  in  Vernon  township,  Dubuque 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Iowa  division  of  the  Illinois  Central  Rail 
road,  15  miles  W.  of  Dubuque.     It  has  2  churches. 

Pe'ot,  a  post-office  of  Kewaunee  co..  Wis. 

Pe'otone,a  post-village  in  Peotone  township,  AVill  co., 
111.,  on  the  Chicago  divison  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad, 
41  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Chicago,  and  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Kan- 
kakee. It  has  a  graded  school  and  4  churches.  Pop.  in 
1890,  717;  of  the  township,  1669. 

Peotone,  a  post-office  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas. 

Pepack,  New  Jersey.     See  Pkapack. 

Pepac'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  ou 
Popacton  River,  about  55  miles  E.  of  Binghamton. 

Pepacton  River,  New  York.    See  Popactox  River. 

Pe'pin,  a  Cbunty  in  the  W.  part  of  Wisconsin,  borders 
on  Minnesota.  Area,  about  250  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Chippewa  River,  and  is  bounded  on  the  S.W. 
by  Lake  Pepin,  an  expansion  of  the  Mississippi  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests 
of  pine,  sugar-maple,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  lumber  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Magnesian  limestone  (Lower  Silurian)  crops  out  on 
the  shore  of  Lake  Pepin,  and  forms  bluffs  and  picturesque 
cliffs  nearly  400  feet  high.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad.  Capital,  Durand. 
Pop.  in  1870,  4659;  in  1880,  6226;  in  1890,  6932. 

Pepin,  a  township  of  AVabasha  co.,  Minn.  Pop.  354, 
exclusive  of  Read's  A'illage. 

Pepin,  a  post-village  of  Pepin  co.,  AA''is.,  in  the  town- 
ship of  the  same  name,  and  on  the  N.  shore  of  Lake  Pepin, 
about  8  miles  above  AA'abasha,  Minn.,  and  40  miles  S.AV.  of 
Eau  Claire.  It  has  2  churches,  several  stores,  and  a  high 
school.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1406. 


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Pepin  Lake,  an  expnniiion  or  the  Miinisxinp!  River, 
Ibrms  the  southwostern  boumlm-y  of  Pierce  and  I'cpin  cos. 
of  Wisoonsin,  which  it  neparatci  from  the  cob.  of  iJoodhuo 
and  Wabuha  in  Minnesota,  it  o.xtentl.t  from  Ue<l  Wing 
down  to  the  mouth  of  the  Chippewa  Kivcr,  and  Is  itbout  28 
miles  long.  The  greatest  width  is  nearly  3  miles.  The 
■bores  of  this  lake,  which  is  perhaps  the  most  picturesque 
and  beautiful  part  of  the  Groat  River,  are  vertical  limo- 
■tone  bluffs  about  400  feet  higli,  and  weathered  into  various 
fantastic  forms,  some  of  which  resemble  ruined  castles. 

Pepiiister  Spa,  p&'pin-st^r  spi,  Belgium,  a  station 
on  the  railway  from  Brussels  to  Cologne,  84  miles  from 
Brussels. 

Pep'pcrell,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  In 
Pepporcll  township,  about  15  miles  AV.  of  Lowell,  and  1 
mile  \V.  of  Penporoll  Station  of  the  Woree.'ter  A  Nashua 
Railroad.  It  has  a  high  school,  4  paper-mills,  a  machine- 
shop,  and  several  churches.  The  township  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Nashua  Rivor,  and  contains  other  villages, 
named  East  Pepperell  and  North  Popperell.  It  has  man- 
ufactures of  wadding,  pocket-knives  and  other  cutlery,  and 
shoes.  Pop.  2348.  Pepperell  Station  is  at  East  Popperell, 
10  miles  S.W.  of  Nashua,  N.H. 

Pepper's  Store,  a  hamlet  of  Sussex  oo.,  Del.,  6  miles 
from  Laurel.     It  has  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  store. 

Pep'pertown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  eo.,  lad., 
about  36  miles  S.S.W.  of  Richmond.     It  has  a  church. 

Pequabuck,  pe-quaw'buk,  a  post-village  in  Plymouth 
township,  Litchfield  co.,  Conn.,  on  the  Hartford,  Provi- 
dence A  Fishkill  Railroad,  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Hartford. 
It  has  a  manufactory  of  malleable  iron. 

Pequan'iiock,  or  Pequanac,  a  post-office  and  sta- 
tion of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  in  Pequannock  township,  on  the 
Montclair  &  Greenwood  Lake  Railroad,  16  miles  N.N.AV. 
of  Newark.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Pompton  River,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  Passaic.     Pop.  2239. 

Peqnannock  Creek,  New  Jersey,  rises  in  Sussex 
CO.,  runs  southeastward,  forms  the  boundary  between  the 
COS.  of  Morris  and  Passaic,  and  unites  with  the  Ramapo 
and  Ringwood  Rivers  at  Pompton.  The  stream  formed  by 
the  confluence  is  the  Pompton  River. 

Pequea,  pSk-wa',  a  township  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa., 
about  65  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia,  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by 
Pequea  Creek,  Pop.  of  the  township,  1276.  Pequea  Sta- 
tion is  on  the  Columbia  &  Port  Deposit  Railroad,  14  miles 
S.E.  of  Columbia.    See  also  White  Horse. 

Pequea  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  near  the  W.  border 
of  Chester  co.,  runs  westward  and  south  westward  through 
Lancaster  co.,  and  enters  the  Susquehanna  River  about  11 
miles  S.  of  the  city  of  Lancaster. 

Pequeika,  a  river  of  Ecuador.     See  Tigre, 

Pequeiii,  pi-k4-nee',  a  river  of  the  republic  of  Colom- 
bia, in  the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  tributary  to  the  Chagres 
River.     On  its  banks  some  gold-mines  are  wrought. 

Pe'quest,  a  station  of  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  <t 
Western  Railroad,  2  miles  N.  of  Oxford,  N.J. 

Pequest  Creek,  New  Jersey,  rises  in  Sussex  co., 
runs  southwestward  through  Warren  co.,  and  enters  the 
Delaware  River  at  Belvidere. 

Pequim,  or  Peqnin,  a  city  of  China.     See  Peking. 

Pequon'nock,  Poquan'oc,  or  Poqiian'noc 
ICiver,  a  small  stream  of  Fairfield  co..  Conn.,  falls  into 
Bridgeport  Harbor.  The  Housatonio  Railroad  follows  its 
course  for  nearlj'  its  whole  length. 

Pera,  pi'ri,  a  suburb  of  Constantinople,  on  the  N.  side 
of  the  "Golden  Horn,"  on  the  summit  of  the  hill  above 
Galata  and  Tophan6.  It  is  2  miles  in  length,  chiefly  in- 
habited by  Franks,  and  comprises  the  residences  of  several 
ambassadors,  with  Greek  and  Roman  Catholic  churches,  a 
Mohammedan  college,  and  a  monastery  of  dervishes. 

Perak,  pi-rik',  a  river  of  Malacca,  rises  in  the  S.  of 
the  territory  of  its  own  name,  flows  W.S.W.,  and  falls  into 
the  Strait  of  Malacca.     Total  course,  80  miles. 

Perak,  a  state  of  the  Malay  Peninsula,  extending  along 
its  W.  coast,  between  lat.  3°  40'  and  5°  N,,  having  N. 
Quedah,  S.  Salangorc,  and  W.  the  Strait  of  Malacca.  Pop. 
35,000.  Principal  products,  tin,  rice,  and  rattans.  Its  capi- 
tal, Perak,  is  a  town  on  a  river  of  the  same  name. 

Peraleda  de  la  Mnta,  pi-ri-lA'Di  Ah  li  mi'tl,  a 
town  of  .*pain,  53  miles  E.N.E.  of  Caceres.     Pop.  1986. 

Peralta,  pA-ril'td,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre,  on  the 
Arga,  31  miles  S.  of  Pamplona.     Pop.  3503. 

Peral'ta,  a  village  of  Valencia  eo..  New  Mexico,  20 
miles  S.  of  Albuquerque.     It  has  2  churches. 

Perasto,  pi-r&s'to,  a  town  of  Dalmatia,  6  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Cattaro,  on  the  Gulf  of  Perasto.     Pop.  1800. 

Perc6,  per'si',  a  post-village  of  Quebec,  capital  of  the 


CO.  of  GMp6,  on  the  Gnlf  of  St.  Lawrence,  36  miles  8.  by 
E.  of  GaRp6  IJusin.  It  consists  of  2  hamlets,  called  North 
and  South  Beach.  The  prinuipal  |)!irt  of  the  population 
reside  at  North  Beach,  which  also  contains  the  court-hou8v 
jail,  ond  a  church.  South  Beach  has  important  fishery! 
ostablighments,  a  church,  and  4  or  5  stores.     Pop.  1743. 

Perc6  Rock,  properly  Lc  Kocher  Perc6,  l?h  ro'. 
shA'  pin'sA',  or  the  Pierced  Rock,  a  remarkable  rook 
on  the  Oaspfi  coast,  Quebec,  opposite  the  village  of  I'crc*. 
It  is  288  feet  high,  1200  feet  in  length,  proi-ipitous  and  bolii! 
In  it  are  3  arches  completely  wrought  by  nature;  theccntri; 
one  is  sufliciently  large  to  allow  a  boat  under  sail  to  past 
through  with  ease. 

Perche,  pAnsh,  an  ancient  division  of  France,  in  the 
old  province  of  Maine,  now  divided  among  the  departments 
of  Orne,  Eure-et-Loir,  and  Eure. 

Perchc,per8h,a  township  of  Boone  co..  Mo.   Pop.  Sligj 

Perche,  a  pogt-olRce  of  Itandolph  co.,  Mo.  ' 

Perch  River,  a  small  stream  of  Jeflerson  co.,  N.Y, ' 

runs  southwestward,  and  enters  Black  River  about  10  milci 

below  Watertown. 

Perch  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  oo.,  N.Y.,  SJ 
miles  from  Limerick  Station,  and  about  10  miles  N.W.  of 
Watertown.     It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Per'cival,  a  post-village  in  Benton  township,  FremonI 
CO.,  Iowa,  is  near  the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  Kansai 
City,  St.  Joseph  &  Council  Bluffs  Railroad,  34  miles  S.  of 
Council  Bluflrs,  and  12  miles  W.  of  Sidney.  It  bos  J 
churches. 

PercivalPs,  a  post-ofiBcc  of  Brunswick  co.,  Va. 
Perck,  p^Rk,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Brabant,  9  mil« 
N.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1300. 

Percy,  por'see  or  pflR'sce',  a  town  of  France,  in  Manche. 
15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Saint-L6.     Pop.  463. 

Per'cy,  a  post-village  of  Randolph  co.,  III.,  on  the 
Cairo  <fe  St.  Louis  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Choftci 
<t  Tamaroa  Railroad,  65  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  undl 
18  miles  N.E.  of  Chester.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  tcboolj 
a  broom-factory,  and  mines  of  coal. 

Percy,  a  post-office  of  AVashington  co..  Miss. 
Percy,  a  station  in  Carbon  co.,  Wyoming,  on  the  Unini 
Pacific  Railroad,  96  miles  N.W.  of  Laramie  City. 
Percy,  Ontario.    See  Warkworth. 
Per'cy  Islands,  a  group  off  the  E.  coast  of  Australia, 
Lat.  21°  31'  S. ;  Ion.  160°  18'  E.    The  largest  is  12  miles 
in  circumference. 

Perdido,  per-di'do,  a  small  river  which  forms  the  \V. 
boundary  of  Florida  and  the  E.  boundary  of  Baldwin  oo., 
Ala.  It  runs  nearly  southward,  and  enters  the  Gulf  ofj 
Mexico  through  Perdido  Bay. 

Perdido  (Sp.  pron.  p6R-dee'do),  a  post-office  of  GolioJ 
CO.,  Tex.,  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Victoria. 
Perdido,  Monte,  Sp.ain.    See  Mont  PEunn, 
Perdido  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baldwin  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  Mobile  <fe  Montgomery  Railroad,  38  miles  N.E.  of^ 
Mobile.     It  has  a  church  and  manufactures  of  rosin,  Ac, 
Perdinales  River,  Texas.    See  Pedernales  River 
Per'dix,  a  station  in  Perry  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad,  9i  miles  N.W.  of  Harrisburg. 

Pcrd^jansk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Beudiaxsk, 

Per'diie  Hill,  a  post-oflice  of  Monroe  co.,  Ala. 

Perdu,  Mont,  Spain.     See  Mo.nt  Perdu. 

Pcreanx,   p?-rO',  a  post-village  in   Kings  co.,  Now 

Scotia,  on  Minas  Basin,  10  miles  from  Port  Williams.         j 

Pere  (par)  Che'ney,  a  post-hamlet  in  Central  Plaini; 

township,  Crawford  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Mackinaw  divisioti 

of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad  (Cheney  Station),  87  milcil 

N.  of  Bay  City. 

Pereiaslav,  or Perejaslav,Ru?sia.  See  Pereslivl 

Pereira,  pi-ri'e-r&,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of 

Douro,  6  miles  W.  of  Coiiiibra.     Pop.  1388. 

Pereira  Juzam,  pi-ri'e-r4  zhoo-zim',  a  town  of  Per 
tugal,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Oporto.     Pop.  1236. 

Perekop,  pA-ri-kop',  or  Or-Kapi,  on-ki'pce  (anoi 
Tnjih'ronf  or  Taph'rm  f),  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of 
Taurida,  on  the  isthmus,  86  miles  N.N.W.  of  Simferopol 
Pop.  4331.  The  fortress  E.  of  the  town  contains  a  palace, 
barracks,  a  mosque,  and  a  Greek  church.  It  was  taker 
from  the  Turks  in  1736.      See  Isthmus  op  Peiiekop. 

Perello,  pA-rfil'yo,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia, 
province  and  30  miles  S.W.  of  Tarragona.     Pop.  2208. 

Pere  Marquette,  par  mar^kdt',  a  township  of  Masor 
CO.,  Mich.     Pop.  954. 

Pereniyscnl,pA-rA-mish'r,  a  town  of  Russia,  19  miles 
S.  of  Kalooga,  on  the  Oka.     Pop.  2999. 

Perenchies,  pi'r6x«'she-4',  France,  Nord,  a  sts-tior 
on  the  railway  from  llazebrouok  to  Lille.    Pop.  1067. 


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Pereslavl,  p5r-4-slivr,  Pereiaslav,  or  Pereja- 
slav,  ]ii-rd-ya-sl4v',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  150 
miles  W.N.AV.  of  Poltava,  near  the  l)nieper.  Pop.  9287. 
It  has  many  churches,  and  a  trade  in  cattle,  horses,  corn,  &c. 

Pereslavl-Zalieski,pfir-d.-slivl'-zi-le-^s'kee,  a  town 
of  Russia,  government  and  70  miles  W.N.W.  of  Vladimeer, 
on  Lake  Plescheievo.     Pop.  7210. 

Perganiino,  pfia-gi-mee'no,  a  town  of  the  Argen- 
tine Republic,  165  miles  N.W.  of  Buenos  Ayres.    Pop.  3261. 

Pergamus,  the  ancient  name  of  Ubrgaiia. 

Perge,  pSu'gheh,  or  p?r'je,  a  ruined  city  of  Asia  Minor, 
50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Smyrna,  having  extensive  remains  of  a 
theiitre,  of  the  stadium,  and  of  a  large  palace.  About  10 
miles  distant  are  the  remains,  as  supposed,  of  Isionda,  con- 
sisting of  Cyclopean  walls,  a  stadium,  and  other  ruins. 

Pergine,  pdn'ghe-nd,  or  Pergen,  pdii'gh^n,  a  town 
of  the  Tyrol,  7  miles  E.  of  Trent.  Pop.  3858.  It  has  a 
castle  and  woollen-manufactures. 

Pergola,  p6u'go-li,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  Marches,  16 
miles  S.E.  of  Urbino,  on  the  Cesano.  Pop.  8953.  It  has 
manufactures  of  leather  and  woollen  fabrics. 

Per'ham,  a  plantation  of  Aroostook  co.,  Me.,  64  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Houlton.    Pop.  79.    It  has  a  valuable  iron-mine. 

Perham,  a  post-village  of  Otter  Tail  eo.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Red  River  of  the  North,  and  on  the  Northern  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 67  miles  E.S.E.  of  Moorhead.  It  has  5  stores,  3  ware- 
bouses,  several  hotels,  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
lumber,  flour,  blinds,  and  doors.  Much  wheat  is  shipped 
here.    Perham  is  near  several  fine  lakes. 

Feriaua,  \)k-ro-&,'ni,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
province  and  30  miles  from  Malaga.     Pop.  2776. 

Peribouaca,  perVe-boo'i-ki',  or  Peribuca,  pi-re- 
boo-kil',a  river  of  Quebec,  flows  S.S.W.,  and  falls  into  Lake 
St.  John. 

Periers,  pJ,Ve-d',  a  town  of  France,  in  Manche,  9 
miles  N,  of  Coutances.     Pop.  1980. 

Perigord,  pd,'ree^goR'  (anc.  the  country  of  the  Petro- 
co'riiov  Petroco'rium),  an  old  division  of  France,  in  Gui- 
cnne,  of  which  Perigueux  was  the  capital.  It  now  forms 
ithe  department  of  Dordogne  and  part  of  Gironde. 

Perigueux,  piVee^guh'  (anc.  Vestm'na,  afterwards 
Petroco'rii),  a  town  of  France,  capital  of  the  department  of 
Dordogne,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Isle,  45  miles  S.E.  of 
Angoulome.  Pop.  23,290.  The  chief  edifices  are  a  cathe- 
dral of  the  fourth  century,  the  church  of  St.  Front,  and  a 
modern  town  hall.  It  has  a  lycee,  or  college,  a  normal 
school,  and  a  library  of  20,000  volumes.  It  has  manufac- 
'tures  of  cutlery,  nails,  serge,  flannel,  leather,  pottery,  flour, 
'a  copper- foundry,  2  lithographic  printing-offices,  and  trade 
|in  wood,  iron,  paper,  and  liqueurs.  It  was  tho  capital  of 
llhoold  district  of  Perigord,  and  has  Roman  remains. 
!  Perlja,  or  Perixa,  pi-ree'ni,  a  small  town  of  Vene- 
[sucla,  82  miles  S.W.  of  Maracaybo,  on  the  Peiija  River,  25 
juiles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Lake  of  Maracaybo. 
'  Periin,  pi-reem',  or  3Iekiin,  nii-kiln',  an  island  oflF 
he  Arabian  coast,  in  the  Strait  of  Bab-cl-Mandeb,  at  the 
Imtrance  to  the  Red  Sea.  Lat.  of  the  S.  point,  12°  38'  N.; 
on.  43°  23' E.  Length,  5  miles.  It  is  a  bare  rock,  on  which 
urtle-shells  are  taken.     It  belongs  to  Great  Britain. 

Perim,  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  Cambay,  India,  10  miles 
i.S.E.  of  Uogo. 

Periualtio,  pi-re-nil'do  (ano.  Podium  Pahinld! f),  a, 
illage  of  Italy,  26  miles  E.N.E.  of  Nice.     Pop.  1752. 

Peritieos,  pi-re-ni'oce,  or  Pyrenneos,  pe-rfin-ni'- 
ce,  a  mountain-range  of  Brazil,  state  of  Goyaz,  extending 

"in  E.  to  W.  nearly  in  lat.  16°  S. 

I'er'iu's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Clermont  co.,  0. 

Perinthus,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Eueglee. 

Pcristeria,  an  islet  of  Greece.     See  Sarakino. 

Perixa,  a  town  of  Venezuela.     See  Perija. 

Per'kasie,  a  post-village  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  in  Rock- 
ill  township,  on  the  North  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  33 
liles  N.  by  W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  2  hotels,  3  stores, 
ml  about  75  houses. 

Per'kins,  a  station  in  Russell  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Mobile 

Olrard  Railroad,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Columbus,  Ga. 

Perkins,  a  plantation  of  Franklin  co..  Me.     Pop.  149. 

Perkins,  a  township  of  Sagadahoc  co.,  Me.,  consists 

Swan's  Island,  in  tho  Kennebec  River,  12  miles  N.  of 

:Uh.     Pop.  71. 

Perkins,  a  township  of  Erie  co.,  0.     Pop.  1291. 

Perkins,  a  station  in  Erie  co.,  0.,  on  the  Sandusky, 


miles 

large  lumber-trade.    Pop,  100. 

Perkins  Junction,  a  post-office  of  Burke  co.,  Ga. 


Perkins'  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Bra.\ton  co.,  W.  Va. 

Per'kiusville,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Jackson  township,  on  White  River,  about  32  ailes  N.N.E. 
of  Indianapolis.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Perkinsvllle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Winston  co..  Miss.,  19 
miles  W.  of  Macon.     It  has  a  church  and  a  seminary. 

Perkinsvllle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Wayland  township,  3  miles  from  Wayland  Depot,  about  4 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Dansville.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  mill. 

Perkinsvllle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burke  co.,  N.C.,  14 
miles  N.N.AV.  of  Morganton. 

Perkinsvllle,  a  post-village  of  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  iu 
Weathersfield  township,  on  Black  River,  about  30  miles 
S.E.  of  Rutland.  It  has  2  churches,  a  ootton-factory,  a 
grist-mill,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Perkinsvllle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Goochland  co.,  Va., 
about  32  miles  W.N.W.  of  Richmond.     It  has  2  store.*. 

Perklo'men,  township,  Montgomery  co..  Pa.   P.  2056. 

Perklomen  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  by  several 
branches  in  Berks  and  Lehigh  cos.,  runs  southward  through 
Montgomery  co.,  and  enters  the  Schuylkill  River  about  7 
miles  W.  of  Norristown.     It  is  nearly  50  miles  long. 

Perklomen  Junction,  Pa.    See  Pawling. 

Perkliy'menvllle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co., 
Pa.,  on  Perkiomen  Creek,  and  on  the  Perklomen  Railroad, 
24  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Norristown. 

Perlak,  pfin'lok'  (Slavonian,  Prelok,  pri'lok),  a  town 
of  Hungary,  co.  of  Szalad,  on  tho  Drave,  13  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Warasdin.     Pop.  3233. 

Pcrlas,  Islas  de.    See  Pearl  Islands. 

Pcrleberg,  p^R'li-bdRG^,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Bran- 
denburg, 69  miles  N.W.  of  Potsdam,  on  the  Stepnitz.  Pop. 
7595.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth  and  chiccory, 
breweries,  and  distilleries. 

Per'lee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefi'erson  co.,  Iowa,  in  Penu 
township,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &,  Pacific  Railroad, 
7  miles  N.E.  of  Fairfield.  It  has  a  church  and  3  coal- 
mines.    Pop.  about  350. 

Perlepe,  pfiK'li^pd,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Macedonia,  21  miles  N.E.  of  Monastir,  on  an  affluent  of 
the  Vardar. 

Perm  (Russ.  pron.  p5nm  or  painm),  a  government  of 
tho  Russian  dominions,  mostly  in  Europe,  but  partly  in 
Asia,  being  separated  by  tho  Ural  Mountains  into  two  un- 
equal portions,  between  lat.  55°  40'  and  62°  N.  and  Ion. 
53°  10'  and  65°  E.,  enclosed  by  the  governments  of  Vologda, 
Viatka,  Oofa,  Orenboorg,  and  Tobolsk.  Area,  129,946  squaro 
miles.  Pop.  in  1870,  2,198,666.  Its  European  portion 
is  traversed  by  the  Kama  and  several  of  its  affluents;  its 
E.  division  by  affluents  of  the  Tobol.  More  than  three- 
fourths  of  tho  surface  is  covered  by  forests;  the  climate  is 
very  severe;  and  beyond  lat.  60°  N.  the  soil  is  hardly 
capable  of  culture.  Its  mines  produce  large  quantities  of 
gold,  platinum,  copper,  iron,  and  salt.  The  chief  towns  aro 
Perm,  Koongoor,  and  Krasno-Oofimsk  in  Europe,  and 
Yekaterinboorg,  Alapaevsk,  and  Shadrinsk  in  Asia.  It 
was  formerly  the  centre  of  an  extensive  and  flourishing 
empire,  ruined  by  the  Mongols  in  the  thirteenth  century. 

Perm,  a  town  of  Russia,  capital  of  the  above  govern- 
ment, is  situated  on  the  Kama,  240  miles  E.S.E.  of  Viatka. 
Pop.  33,078.  It  is  chiefly  built  of  wood,  is  the  see'  of  an 
archbishop,  and  has  several  churches  and  hospitals,  with 
a  large  market-place  and  numerous  forges.  The  inhab- 
itants trade  chiefly  in  metallic  produce  and  in  tea  and 
other  Chinese  imports. 

Pernagoa,  pSR-ni'go-i,  Pernagua,  pSR^n^'gwi,  or 
Paranauha,  pS.-ra-uaii'y3,,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Piauhy,  260  miles  S.W.  of  Oeiras,  on  tho  E.  side  of  Lake 
Parananha  or  Pernagoa.     Pop.  4000. 

Pernauibuco,  ii^R-ndm-boo'ko,  a  state  of  Brazil,  con- 
sisting of  a  long  and  narrow  strip  of  territory  ."tretchinjf 
from  the  Atlantic  inland,  mostly  between  lat.  7°  and  14^ 
35'  S.  and  Ion.  34°  50'  and  47°  20'  W.,  separated  by 
several  continuous  mountain-chains  from  the  states  of 
Goyaz,  Piauhy,  Ceari,  and  Parahiba  on  the  W.  and  N., 
and  by  the  Rio  de  Sao  Francisco  on  the  S.  from  Bahia  and 
Sergipe.  Its  coast-line,  watered  by  the  Capibaribe,  Ipo- 
juoa.  and  Unna  Rivers,  has  S.  the  state  of  Alago.is.  Area, 
46,257  square  miles.  It  has  many  rich  sugar-  and  cotton- 
plantations.  Other  products  are  timber,  dye-woods,  hidee, 
drugs,  gold,  and  gems.  The  principal  cities  and  towns  are 
Recife  (its  capital),  Olinda,  and  Seronhem.  Pop.  in  1882, 
1,014,700.     See  also  Olinda  and  Recife. 

Pernau,  pfiB'now  (Russ.  Pernov  or  Pernotc,  pfiR-nov'), 
a  fortified  seaport  town  of  Russia,  in  Livonia,  at  the  en- 
trance of  the  Pernau  into  the  Gulf  of  Riga,  99  miles  N.N.B. 
of  Riga.     Pop.  12.918.    It  is  defended  by  a  citadel,  and 


PER 


2140 


PER 


eomprisM  an  old  and  a  new  town,  and  suburbs,  with  Lu- 
'  theran,  Esthonian,  and  Russian  ohurohns,  and  grammar 
and  other  lohooli.  Owing  to  a  bar  at  the  mouth  of  the 
river,  large  reasels  load  and  unload  in  the  roadstead. 

PerueI'lOy  a  post-village  of  Franklin  oo.,  Va.,  36  miles 
from  Big  Lick  Station.  It  has  2  churohes,  a  grist-mill,  and 
a  saw-will. 

PerucSy  painn  (anc.  Pater'nm  f),  a  town  of  France,  in 
Vnucluso,  4  miles  S.  of  Carpentras.     Pop.  2S01. 

PeniiSt  p^R'nis,  a  village  of  the  Netnorlands,  in  South 
Holland,  on  the  Morwede,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Dort.  Pop. 
of  commune,  2004. 

Pdronne,  p&^ronn',  a  town  of  France,  in  Somme,  on 
the  Somme,  21  miles  S.W.  of  Cambrai.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  leather,  (lour,  sugar,  &o.     Pop.  4210. 

Perosa,  p&-ro's&,  a  town  of  Italy,  8  miles  N.W.  of 
Pinerolo,  on  the  Clusone.     Pop.  1826. 

Peros  Banhos,  p4'rooe  b&n'yocc,  a  group  of  27  islands 
in  the  Chagos  Archipelago,  Indian  Ocean,  in  lat.  b°  14'  N., 
Ion.  77°  E. 

PeVot')  a  bayou  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Louisiana,  con- 
nected N.  with  Lake  Washa,  and  S.  with  Little  Lake. 

Perote,  pA-ro't&,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  and  83  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Vera  Cruz.  Pop.  2500.  Near  it  is  a  lofty  moun- 
tain of  the  same  name.    See  Cofre  de  Perote. 

Perote,  pe-rOt',  a  post-hamlet  of  Bullock  co.,  Ala.,  12 
miles  S.  of  Union  Springs.    It  has  2  churches. 

P6roii,  the  French  name  of  Pero. 

P6rouse,  the  French  name  of  Perugia. 

P6rouse  (po-rooz')  Islands  (Fr.  Archipel  dt  La  Pi- 
roxue,  aR^she^pSr  d^h  \k  pAVooz'),  a  group  of  small  islands 
near  10°  S.  lat.,  between  165°  and  170°  E.  Ion.  The  largest 
is  Santa  Cruz :  hence  the  group  is  sometimes  called  Santa 
Cruz  Islands.  La  P^rouse,  the  French  navigator,  perished 
here  about  the  year  1790. 

Perouse  (or  La  Perouse),  Strait  of,  is  between 
the  islands  of  Ycsso  and  Saghalin. 

Perpignan,  pin*pecn'y6N"'  (h.  Perpinia'num),  a  town 
of  France,  capital  of  Pyrfinfios-Orientivles,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Tet,  40  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Narbonne.  Pop. 
24,379.  It  is  situated  in  a  fertile  region.  The  chief  edi- 
fices are  the  citadel,  the  cathedral,  and  military  prison.  It 
has  a  tribunal  of  commerce,  a  communal  college,  a  normal 
school,  a  school  of  design,  a  library  of  18,000  volumes,  and 
a  botanic  garden.  It  has  also  tanneries,  distilleries,  nur- 
series of  silk-worms,  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  farina, 
candles,  Ac,  and  a  commerce  in  wine,  wool,  silk,  iron,  and 
corks.  Philip  the  Bold  died  here  in  1285.  It  was  taken 
by  Louis  XI.  in  1474,  and  by  Louis  XIII.  in  1642. 

Perqnim'ans,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  North 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  240  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  Albemarle  Sound,  and  intersected  by 
the  Perquimans  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  a 
large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  pine  forests.  The  soil  is 
partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  cotton,  wheat,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Nor- 
folk &  Southern  Railroad.  Capital,  Hertford.  Pop.  in 
1870,  7945;  in  1880,  9466;  in  1890,  9293. 

Perquimans  River,  North  Carolina,  rises  in  Gates 
CO.,  near  the  Dismal  Swamp,  runs  southeastward  through 
Perquimans  co.,  and  enters  Albemarle  Sound.  Small 
Steamboats  can  ascend  it  about  40  miles. 

Perrainda,  p§r-rin'd&,  or  Parainda,  pf-rln'di,  a 
town  of  India,  in  the  Deccan,  Nizam's  dominions,  on  the 
E.  bank  of  the  Secna,  32  miles  W.N.W.  of  Solapoor,  in  lat. 
18°  18'  N.,  Ion.   75°  54'  E. 

Perre,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Pelvereh. 

Pcr'rin,  a  post-village  in  Platte  township,  Clinton  co.. 
Mo.,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Railroad,  8 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Plattsburg.     It  has  several  churches. 

Perrine,  p^r-rin',  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  5 
miles  S.  of  Sandy  Lake,  and  15  miles  S.W.  of  Franklin. 

Perrinevilie,  p^r-rin'vll,  a  post-village  of  Monmouth 
CO.,  N.J.,  in  Millstone  township,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Ilightstown, 
and  about  20  miles  E.  of  Trenton.     It  has  a  church. 

Per'rinsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nankin  township, 
Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  3  miles  fromElmwood  Station,  and  about 
18  miles  W.  of  Detroit.    It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  about  200. 

Per'rinton,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.  P<>p.  3873. 
It  contains  Fairport  and  several  hamlets. 

Perros  -  Guirec,  pdR^Ros'-gheeVSk',  a  village  of 
France,  in  Cotes-du-Nord,  with  a  large  port  on  the  English 
Channel,  37  miles  N.W.  of  Saint-Brieue.     Pop.  206. 

Perrot,  p^rVot',  an  island  in  the  river  St.  Lawrence, 
8.W.  of  the  island  of  Montreal,  between  the  Lake  of  Two 
Mountains  and  Lake  St.  Louis.  It  is  7  miles  long.  A  bridge 
on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  connects  it  with  Vaudreuil. 


Per'rowville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  oo.,  Va.  5 
miles  N.W.  of  Forest  Depot.  "' 

Per'ry,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Alabamr 
has  an  area  of  about  774  square  miles.  It  is  inlorHocin 
by  the  Cahawba  River,  and  partly  drained  by  WnKliingtoi 
Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  is  oxtrn 
sively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  In 
dian  corn,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  This  count 
is  traversed  by  two  branches  of  the  East  Tennessee  &  (loorgi! 
Railroad,  one  of  which  connects  with  Marion,  the  cnpiiul 
Pop.  in  1870,  24,976;  in  1880,  30,741 ;  in  1890,  29,:j:{2. 

Perry,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Arkansai 
has  an  area  of  about  SCO  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  oi 
the  N.  and  E.  by  the  Arkansas  River,  and  is  intorscotcd  I) 
Fourche  La  Fave.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  inounlainoui 
and  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  chestnut,  blucl 
walnut,  silver-maple,  pine,  and  other  trees.  Indian  corn 
cotton,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Marble  is  foum 
in  this  county,  which  also  has  beds  of  coal.  Capital,  Perry 
ville,  on  thfr  Fourche  La  Fave.  Pop.  in  1870,  2685:  ii 
1880,  3872;  in  1890,  5538. 

Perry,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an  am 
of  about  440  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Beaucou| 
Creek,  and  also  drained  by  Columbo  Creek.  The  surface  i 
generally  rolling  and  partly  level,  and  a  largo  portion  of  i 
is  covered  with  forests  of  the  white  oak,  post-oak,  hickorj' 
ash,  black  walnut,  Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  India: 
corn,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  count; 
has  mines  of  good  bituminous  coal,  which  is  found  noa 
the  surface  or  ut  a  moderate  depth  and  underlies  the  who! 
area.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  th 
St.  Louis,  Alton  A  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  and  the  Wabasl 
Chester  A  Western  Railroad,  and  two  other  railroads  touc 
its  borders.  Capital,  Pinckneyville.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,723 
in  1880,  16,007;  in  1890,  17,529. 

Perry,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Indiana,  borders  o 
Kentucky.  Area,  about  380  square  miles.  It  is  boundv 
on  the  S.  and  S.E.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  W.  b 
Anderson's  Creek.  'The  surface  is  diversified  with  hill 
uplands,  level  river-bottoms,  and  extensive  forests.  Th 
soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  per 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  bods  of  coal  an' 
quarries  of  sandstone.  It  is  intersected  by  the  LouisvilJi 
Evansville  A  St.  Louis  Railroad.  Capital,  Cannelton.  Poj 
in  1870,  14,801;  in  1880,  16,997;  in  1890,  18,240. 

Perry,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Kentucky,  has  a 
area  of  about  448  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  tl 
Kentucky  River  (or  its  North  Fork),  and  also  drained  k 
the  Middle  Fork  of  that  river.  The  surface  is  pari 
mountainous,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests.  The  so 
produces  Indian  corn  and  grass.  Coal  is  found  here.  Cu] 
ital,  Hazard,  on  the  Kentucky  River,  Pop.  in  1870,  427- 
in  1880,  5607;  in  1890,  6331. 

Perry,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Mississippi,  has  rj 
area  of  about  1116  square  miles.  It  is  iniersixteU  by  Lc:i 
River  and  Black  Creek,  and  also  drained  by  Bogue  Hon! 
and  Tallahala  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  unevei 
and  partly  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  treej 
Indian  corn,  cotton,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  pro, 
ucts.  This  county  is  traversed  by  a  division  of  ttie  Quci 
A  Crescent  System.  Capital,  Augusta.  Pop.  in  1870,  209 
in  1880,  3427;  in  1890,  6494.  ! 

Perry,  a  county  in  the  E.S.E.  part  of  Missouri,  has  i 
area  of  about  436  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
and  E.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  which  separates  it  fro 
Illinois,  and  is  drained  by  Apple  and  Saline  Creeks.  . 
the  extreme  S.W.  part  of  this  county,  or  near  its  boundar 
rises  White  Water  River.  The  surface  is  moderately  uneve 
and  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  elm,  hickoi 
white  oak,  tulip-tree,  Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  I| 
dian  corn,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Qoj 
carboniferous  limestone  underlies  part  of  the  surface.  Lei 
and  marble  are  found  in  this  county.  Capital,  Perryvil! 
Pop.  in  1870,  y877;  in  1880,  11,895;  in  1890,  13,237.     | 

Perry,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  Ohio,  hj 
an  area  of  about  402  square  mile?.  It  is  drained  by  Ru; 
and  Sunday  Creeks,  'ihe  surface  is  hilly  or  undulatit 
and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  o 
and  sugar-maple  are  found.  The  soil  is  fertile.  In<ii 
corn,  wool,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  butter  are  the  sta]' 
products.  This  county  has  mines  of  bituminous  coal.  ■ 
is  intersected  by  the  Cincinnati  A  Muskingum  Valley  Rn 
road,  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  the  Columbus,  Sha 
nee  A  Hocking  Railroad,  the  Columbus,  Hocking  Vail" 
A  Toledo  Railroad,  and  the  Toledo  A  Ohio  Central  Kn 
road.  Capital,  New  Lexington.  Pop.  in  1870,  18,453;  * 
1880,  28,218;  in  1890,  31,151. 


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Perryj  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Pennsylvania, 
has  an  area  of  about  550  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  K.  by  the  Susquehanna  River,  is  intersected  by  the 
Juniata  River,  and  also  drained  by  Sherman's  Creeic.  A 
Ion"  rid"-e  called  the  Blue  Mountain  extends  along  its 
southern  border.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  mountains 
and  fertile  valleys,  and  is  partly  covered  with  forests  of  the 
oak,  hickory,  chestnut,  &c.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay, 
and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  minerals 
are  iron  ore  and  limestone.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
the  Newport  &  Sherman's  Valley  Railroad  and  the  Perry 
County  Railroad.  Capital,  New  Ijlooiiifield.  Pop.  in  1870, 
25,447;  in  1880,  27,522;  in  1890,  26,276. 

PerrVj  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Middle  Tennessee, 
has  an  area  of  about  420  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  the  Tennessee  River,  and  intersected  by  the 
Buffalo  River,  which  runs  northward  and  is  parallel  to  the 
former  river.  The  surface  is  undulating,  or  diversified  by 
high  ridges  and  valleys,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  the  hickory,  oak,  walnut,  <fec.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Maize,  peanuts,  wheat,  buckwheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Limestone  is  abundant  here.  Capital,  Linden, 
situated  on  the  Buffalo  River,  near  the  centre  of  the  county. 
Pop.  in  1870,  6925;  in  1880,  7174;  in  1890,  7785. 

Perry,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Taylor  cc,  Fla.,  30 
miles  S.S.W,  of  Madison,  and  about  50  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Tallahassee.     It  has  3  churches. 

Perry,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Houston  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Perry  Branch  of  the  Central  Railroad,  which  connects 
it  with  Fort  Valley,  41  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Macon. 
It  contains  a  court-house,  3  churches,  a  female  college,  a, 
newspaper  office,  and  the  Perry  Male  College.     Pop.  836. 

Perry,  a  post-village  in  Perry  township,  Pike  co..  111., 
about  30  miles  AV.  of  Jacksonville,  and  38  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Quinoy.  It  has  6  churches  and  a  money-order  post-office. 
Pop.  798;  of  the  township,  2161. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1280. 
contains  the  village  of  Iluntertown. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Boone  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1109. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Clay  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1340. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1220. 
contains  Colfax. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1163. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  982. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  2452. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Martin  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1760. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1667. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1513. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Noble  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  3133.  It 
contains  Ligonier. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1481. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Vanderburg  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1719. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  876.  It 
contains  Economy. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Buchanan  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1525. 

Perry,  a  post-village  of  Dallas  co.,  Iowa,  in  Spring 
Valley  township,  near  the  Raccoon  River,  on  the  Des 
Moines  &  Fort  Dodge  Railroad,  34  miles  AV.N.AV.  of  Des 
Moines.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  3  churches,  a 
graded  school,  2  grist-mills,  and  a  nursery.    Pop.  about  950. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Davis  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  699. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  847,  ex- 
clusive of  Andrew. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Marion  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  491. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Plymouth  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  565. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  778,  ex- 
clusive of  Traer. 

Perry,  a  post-village  in  Kentucky  township,  Jefferson 
CO.,  Kansas,  near  the  Kansas  River,  on  the  Delaware  River, 
and  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  16  miles  E.  of  Topeka, 
and  13  miles  N.AV.  of  Lawrence.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
carriage-shop.     Pop.  403.     Much  grain  is  shipped  here. 

Perry,  a  township  of  AVoodson  oo.,  Kansas.  Pop.  349. 
Post-office,  Centre  Ridge. 

Perry,  a  post-village  in  Perry  township,  Washington 
CO.,  Me.,  on  Passamaquoddy  Bay,  7  miles  N.AV.  of  Eastport, 
and  about  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Calais.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
saw-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1149. 

Perry,  a  post-hamlet  in  Perry  township,  Shiawassee 
CO.,  Mich.,  about  14  miles  S.  of  Owosso,  and  20  miles 
E.X.E.  of  Lansing.  It  has  a  church  and  a  carriage-fac- 
tory.    Pop.  of  the  township,  1016. 

Perry,  a  post-village  of  Ralls  co..  Mo.,  about  27  miles 
S.W.  of  Hannibal.     It  has  a  church. 

Perry,  a  township  of  St.  Francois  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1351. 

Perry,  a  post- village  in  Perry  township,  AVyoming  co., 
N.Y.,  at  the  outlet  of  Silver  Lake,  and  on  a  short  railroad 


which  connects  with  the  Erie  Railroad  at  Gainesville,  about 
8  miles  E.S.E.  of  AVarsaw,  and  40  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Roches- 
ter. It  contains  3  or  4  churches,  an  academy,  a  bank,  a, 
newspaper  office,  several  flouring-mills,  <tc.  Silver  Lake  ia 
a  Bummer  resort.  Pop.  in  1890,  1528.  The  township  con- 
tains a  village  named  Perry  Centre,  and  a  pop.  of  2928. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  0.     Pop.  1235. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Ashland  co.,  0.     Pop.  1452. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  0.  Pop.  3016.  It 
contains  Fayetteville. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  0.     Pop.  932. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.  Pop,  4388, 
It  contains  Salem. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.  Pop.  932.  It 
contains  East  Union. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  0.  Pop.  1194.  It 
contains  Martinsburg. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  0.     Pop.  1297. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Gallia  co.,  0.     Pop.  1514. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Hocking  co.,  0.  Pop.  1745.  It 
contains  Buena  Vista  and  South  Perry. 

Perry,  a  post-village  in  Perry  township.  Lake  co.,  0., 
on  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  34  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cleveland, 
and  6  miles  E.  of  Painesville.  It  has  several  churches  and 
a  cheese-factory.  Pop.  about  250.  The  township  border* 
on  Lake  Erie,  has  5  churches,  and  a  pop.  of  1208. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.     Pop.  2215. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Licking  co.,  0.  Pop,  897.  It 
contains  Elizabethtown. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Logan  co.,  0.  Pop.  922.  It  con- 
tains East  Liberty. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  0.  Pop.  1116.  It 
contains  Greenville  and  Antioch. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  0.     Pop.  2029. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Morrow  co.,  0.  Pop.  1044.  It 
contains  Johnsville  and  North  AA'oodbury. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.  Pop.  991.  It 
contains  Bridgeville  and  Sonora. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Pickaway  co.,  0.  Pop.  1415.  It 
contains  New  Holland. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  0.  Pop.  748.  It  con- 
tains Cynthiana. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  0.     Pop.  637. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Richland  co,,  0.     Pop.  686. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  0.  Pop.  1208.  It 
contains  Pemberton. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Stark  co.,  0.  Pop.  1736,  exclu- 
sive of  M.assillon. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.  Pop.  1089. 
It  contains  AVestchester. 

Perry,  a  township  of  AVood  co.,  0.     Pop.  1323. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa.  Pop.  3877. 
It  includes  Parker  City  and  Queenstown. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1680. 

Perry,  a  station  in  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Reading  Rail- 
road, 13i  miles  N.  of  Reading. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Clarion  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1568. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Fayette  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1445. 

Perry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Forest  co..  Pa.,  about  9  milea 
E.  by  S.  of  Titusville.     It  has  a  church. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Greene  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1292. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Jefferson  CO.,  Pa.     Pop.  1222 

Perry,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co..  Pa.     Pop.  806 

Perry,  a  township  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.     Pop.  914. 

Perry,  a  township  of  Snyder  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1016. 

Perry,  a  post-office  of  McLennan  co.,  Tex.,  near  cfie 
Brazos  River,  and  on  the  AA'aco  &,  Northwestern  Railroad, 
25  miles  N.AV.  of  Bremond. 

Perry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dane  co..  Wis.,  in  Perry  town- 
ship, about  28  miles  S.AV.  of  Madison.  The  township  has 
2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  974. 

Per'ry-Barr,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Stafford,  on 
the  London  &  Northwestern  Railway,  3i  miles  N.AV.  of 
Birmingham.     Pop.  1683. 

Perry  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Perry  township,  AVyo- 
ming CO.,  N.Y.,  about  37  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Rochester,  and  7 
miles  E.  of  AVarsaw.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  183. 

Perry  City,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hector  township,  Schuy- 
ler CO.,  N.Y.,  11  miles  AV.N.AV.  of  Ithaca.     It  has  a  church. 

Perrydale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  Oregon,  about 
15  miles  N.AV.  of  Salem. 

Perry  Hall,  a  post-office  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md. 

Per'rymansville,  a  post-village  of  Harford  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Philadelphia,  AVilmington  &  Baltimore  Railroad,  27 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  2  churches  and  several 
general  stores. 

Perryop'olis,  a  post-village  in  Perry  township,  Fay- 


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ett«  CO.,  Pa.,  on  tho  Youghloghony  River,  nbout  40  miles 
by  railroad  S.  by  K.  of  Pittjburg,  and  H  milos  from  Lay  ton 
BtAtion  of  the  Fittsbnrg,  WMhington  Jt  Baltimore  Railroad. 
It  hat  a  ohureh  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  about  600. 

Perry*St  a  station  in  Santa  Cliira  oo.,  Cal.,  on  the  South- 
ern Paoifio  Railroad,  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  San  .)o86. 

Perry*8«  a  station  in  Kdgofleld  eo.,  S.C.,  on  the  Charlotte, 
Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  40  miles  W.  of  Columbia. 

Perrjr^s  Bridge,  a  hamlot  of  Vermilion  parish.  La., 
on  Vermilion  Bayou,  40  miles  from  Fninklin.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  about  75. 

Per'rysburg)  a  post-hamlet  of  Miami  oo.,  Ind.,  15 
miles  N.E.  of  Logansport.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  150. 

Perrysburg,  a  post-village  in  Perrysburg  township, 
Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie  Railroad  (Western  di- 
vision), 19  miles  E.  of  Dunkirk.  It  has  a  church,  nearly 
80  houses,  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1393. 

Perrysbnrg,  Ashland  co.,  0.    See  Albio>». 

Pcrrysburg)  a  post-village  in  Perrysburg  township. 
Wood  CO.,  0.,  on  tho  right  or  S.E.  bank  of  the  Maumco 
River,  at  the  head  of  navigation,  and  on  the  Dayton  & 
Michigan  Railroad,  about  9  miles  S.  W.  of  Toledo.  A  bridge 
crosses  the  river  here  and  connects  Perrysburg  with  South 
Toledo.  It  contains  8  or  9  churches,  a  union  school,  2 
newspaper  offices,  and  a  bank,  and  has  extensive  water- 
power  and  manufactures  of  flour,  furniture,  paper,  hoes, 
staves,  to.  Large  quantities  of  ship-timber  and  staves  are 
•iportcd.     Pop.  about  2000;  of  the  township,  4100. 

Ferry's  Corners,  Ontario.    See  Cookstowx. 

Perry's  Laitdiug,  a  post-office  of  Brazoria  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  Brazos  River,  10  miles  below  Brazoria. 

Perry's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  cf  Waupaca  co.,  Wis., 
2S  miles  N.N.W.  of  Now  London.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
lumber-mill. 

Perry's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Tatnall  co.,  Ga. 

Perry's  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Chaniplain  township, 
Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Chazy  River,  and  on  tho  Ogdens- 
burg  &  Lake  Champlain  Railroad,  7i  miles  W.  of  Rouse's 
Point.     It  has  1  or  2  lumber-mills.     Pop.  276. 

Perry  Springs,  Brown  co..  111.    See  Spri.vgs  Statiox. 

Perry  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co..  111.,  on  the 
Wabash  Railroad,  4i  miles  N.W.  of  Merodosia. 

Perrysville,  Ala.  and  Ark.    See  Perryville. 

Per'rysville,orPer'ryviIle,a  post-village  in  High- 
land township,  Vermilion  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the 
Wabash  River,  and  on  the  Evansville,  Torre  Haute  &  Chi- 
cago Railroad,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Danville,  III.,  and  44 
miles  N.  of  Terre  Haute.  It  is  the  largest  village  in  the 
county,  and  has  3  churches,  a  foundry,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
woollen-factory.     Pop.  690. 

Perrysville,  New  York.    Sec  Perryville. 

Perrysville,  or  Perryville,  a  post-village  in  Green 
township,  Ashland  co.,  0.,  on  the  Black  Fork  of  the  Mo- 
hican River,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  AVayne  &  Chicago 
Railroad,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Mansfield.  It  has  a  money- 
order  post-office,  3  churches,  an  academy,  2  flour-mills,  and 
a  foundry.     Pop.  about  500. 

Perrysville,  Carroll  co.,  0.    See  Lamartixe. 

Perrysville,  a  post-village  in  Ross  township,  Alle- 
ghany CO.,  Pa.,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  3 
churches. 

Perrysville,  Pennsylvania.     See  Port  Royal. 

Perrysville,  a  village  in  Perry  township,  Jefferson  co.. 
Pa.,  on  Mahoning  Creek,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Brookville. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  carriage-shop.  Pop.  about  300. 
Here  is  Hamilton  Post-Office. 

Perrysville,  a  village  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  near 
the  Pennsylvivnia  Railroad,  28  milos  E.N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Perrysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  R.I., 
about  18  miles  S.W,  of  Newport.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
woollen-mill.     Pop.  SO. 

Pcrryton,  Licking  co.,  0.    See  Elizabethtown. 

Per'ryton,  a  township  of  Mercer  co..  111.     Pop.  1085. 

Per'rytown,  a  post-village  in  Durham  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Midland  Railway,  9  miles  N.  of  Port  Hope.  It  con- 
tains a  woollen-factory  and  several  saw-mills.     Pop.  200. 

Per'ryville,  a  post-village  of  Perry  co.,  Ala.,  about  20 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Selma.   It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Perryville,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Perry  co..  Ark., 
on  the  Fourche  La  Fave  River,  about  40  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Little  Rock.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Perryville,  Indiana.    See  Perrysville. 

Perryville,  Kansas.    See  Perry. 

Perryville,  a  post- village  of  Boyle  co.,  Ky.,  about  12 
miles  W.  of  Danville,  and  40  miles  S.W.  of  Lexington.  It 
contains  Harmonia  College  and  5  churches.  Pop.  479.  On 
the  dth  of  October,  1862,  a  battle  was  fought  here  between 


a  part  of  General  BucH's  army  (Union)  and  a  portion  of 
General  Bragg'g  army.  Tho  total  Union  lo«8  in  thii 
action  was  4.148;  the  Confederates  lost  about  2500. 

Perryville,  a  post-village  of  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Sufquehanna  River,  at  its  mouth,  and  on  tho  I'hiladolphia, 
Wilirjington  A  Baltimore  Kailrond,  nt  tho  junction  of  a 
branch  to  I'ort  Deposit,  :\7  milos  N.K.  of  liallinioro.  A 
railroad  bridge  connects  Perryville  with  Havre  do  Grace. 

Perryville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Perry  eo.,  Mo., 
in  Cinque  Honimcs  township,  about  76  milos  S.S.E.  of  St! 
Louis,  10  miles  from  the  Mississippi  River,  and  14  miles  8. 
of  Chester,  III.  It  has  a  court-house,  2  newspaper  offices 
and  3  churches.     Pop.  about  800.  ' 

Perryville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Union  township,  Hanter- 
don  CO.,  N..T.,  1  mile  from  Midvale  Station,  and  about  33 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Trenton.     It  has  2  ohurohcs. 

Perryville, apost-village  in  Fcnnerand  Sullivan  town- 
ships, Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Cazenovia  <fc  Cannstota 
Railroad,  about  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  cheese-factory,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill 
Pop.  about  400. 

Perryville,  Ohio  and  Rhode  Island.  See  Peruysvillb 

Perryville,  a  hamlet  of  Potter  co..  Pa.,  on  the  (Joneseo 
River,  1  mile  from  Gcncsco  Fork  Post-Offico,  and  nbout  40 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Emporium.  It  has  a  woollen-mill  and  a 
lumber-mill. 

Perryville,  a  post-village  of  South  Kingstown  township, 
Washington  co.,  R.I.  It  has  a  church  and  manufacture! 
of  woollens.     Pop.  80. 

Perryville,  a  station  in  Oconee  co.,  S.C,  on  tho  Blut 
Ridge  Railroad,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Walhalla. 

Perryville,  a  post-hamlct  of  Decatur  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  AV.  bank  of  the  Tennessee  River,  about  100  miles  W.8.W, 
of  Nashville. 

Persnim,  a  town  of  India.    See  Basshin. 

Persante,  pfin'sin-ti,  a  river  of  Prussia,  Pomcrania, 
rises  near  the  village  of  Persanzig,  and,  after  a  N.W.  course 
of  70  miles,  enters  the  Baltic  at  Colberg. 

PersepoliSjp^r-sSp'o-lis,  the  ancient  capital  of  Persia, 
the  traces  of  which  exist  in  a  fine  plain,  on  an  affluent  of 
the  Bundemeer  River,  from  25  to  30  miles  N.E.  of  Sheeraz. 
Its  ruins  cover  a  wide  surface,  and  on  a  terraced  platform, 
1430  feet  in  length  and  from  800  to  900  feet  in  width,  are 
large  gateways,  numerous  columns,  and  bas-reliefs,  the 
whole  supposed  to  be  tho  remains  of  the  palace  of  Darius, 
destroyed  by  Alexander.  Tho  walls  are  covered  with  in- 
scriptions in  arrow-headed  characters,  and  numerous  tombs 
are  cut  in  tho  adjacent  mountains. 

Perserin,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Prisrexd. 

Per'shore,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  8i  miles  S.B. 
of  Worcester,  on  the  navigable  Avon.  The  town  is  well 
built,  and  has  a  large  cruciform  church,  originally  a  part 
of  an  abbey,  of  which  some  other  remains  exist.     P.  2826. 

Persia,  p^r'she-a  (Arabic  and  Persian,  Iran,  ee'rln' ; 
Fr.  Perse,  paiRs;  Ger.  Perst'en,  ■pia'ee-^n;  L.  Per'sia;  Gr. 
n«p<riV,  Perst's),  a  country  of  Asia,  comprising  in  its  widest 
acceptation  the  region  between  the  Caspian  Sea  and  tho  In- 
dian Ocean,  from  the  A  moo-Darya  and  Indus  to  tho  Persian 
Gulf.  But  Western  Toorkistan,  Afghanistan,  and  Beloo- 
chistan  (called  collectively  by  some  writers  "  East  Persia") 
have  been  for  centuries  independent  of  Persia  proper.  Per- 
sia proper  lies  between  lat.  26°  and  40°  N.  and  Ion.  44°  and 
61°  E.,  having  W.  Asiatic  Turkey,  N.  Russian  Transcau- 
casia, the  Caspian  Sea,  Transcaspian  Russia,  and  the  Desert 
of  Khiva,  E.  Afghanistan  and  Beloochistan,  and  S.  the 
Arabian  Sea  and  Persian  Gulf.    Area,  635,000  square  miles. 

Persia  may  be  described  as  consisting  of  a  plateau  from 
2500  to  3500  feet  in  elevation,  a  series  of  mountain-chains 
encircling  the  plateau  on  all  sides  except  the  E.,  .nnd  an 
outer  border  of  more  or  less  width,  consisting  for  the  most 
part  of  gentle  slopes,  low  valleys,  and  level  plains.  The  E. 
part  of  the  plateau  forms  the  great  salt  deserts  of  Khorassan 
and  Kerman.  It  is  comprised  in  that  sterile  zone  which 
extends  from  the  Atlantic  through  Africa,  Arabia,  Central 
Asia,  and  Mongolia  to  the  N.  frontier  of  the  Chinese  em- 
pire. The  mountains  which  enclose  the  plateau  generally 
nave  their  slopes  clothed  with  a  rich  and  varied  vegetation, 
except  the  S.  mountains,  the  S.  exposure  of  which  is  so  ex- 
tremely hot  as  to  be  scarcely  fit  for  human  habitation.  It 
also  applies  only  in  part  to  the  plains  of  tho  W.,  where 
moisture  is  often  in  excess  and  forms  extensive  swamps. 
The  prpvinces  bordering  on  the  Caspian,  however,  are  aa 
beautiful  as  wood,  water,  and  mountains  can  make  them, 
and  offer  a  strong  contrast  to  other  districts. 

Of  the  mountains,  the  W.  chain,  branching  from  the  Hin- 
doo-Koosh,  by  which  it  becomes  linked  to  the  Himalayas, 
traverses  Afghalnistan,  and  enters  Persia  on  its  N.E.  fron- 


PER 


2143 


PER 


,    figr   near  Ion.  61°  E.,  N.  of  the  town  of  Herat,  where  it 
■   forms  a  mountain- regioUj  in  some  parts  200   miles  wide. 
'.   Under  the  name  of  the  Mountains  of  IvJiorassan,  it  pro- 
'   ceoda  in  a  \V'.N.W.  direction  across  the  N.  part  of  the  prov- 
I   ince  of  that  name,  where  its  height  nowhere  exceeds  4500 
1  feet;  but  as  the  Caspian  is  approached,  it  rises  to  a  much 
'  creator  elevation.     The  chain  here  takes  the  name  of  the 
'  Elbrooz  Mountains,  and  on  the  borders  of  the  provinces  of 
I  Irak-Ajemee  and   Mazanderan   attains,  in  Mount  Deraa- 
yend,  the  height  of  21,000  feet.     From  this  mount,  which 
is  the  culminating  point  of  the  range,  the  Elbrooz  stretches 
1  W.N.W.  in  three  separate  lofty  ranges,  still  maintaining  an 
I  eleration  so  great  that  several  of  its  ridges  continue  covered 
'i  with  snow  till  the  beginning  of  June.     The  Elbrooz  chain, 
j,  irhich  many  consider  as  terminating  nearly  opposite  to  the 
i  S.W.  corner  of  the  Caspian,  is  succeeded  by  the  Massula 
,)  Mountains,  and  then  by  Mount  Sevellan,  which,  attaining 
(  the  height  of  12,000   feet,  throws   out    ramifications,  by 
!  which  it  becomes  linked  with  Mount  Ararat.     This  cele- 
brated mountain,  situated  on  the  borders  of  Kussia,  Persia, 
and  Turkey,  possesses  the  loftiest  summit  of  West  Asia, 
and  forms  the  link  between  the  N,  and  W.  ranges  of  Persia. 
Granite  and  crystalline  schists  form  a  great  part  of  the 
mountains  which  extend  across  the  S.  of  Kerman,  but  these 
!  rocks  are  more  largely  developed  in  the  mountain-ranges  of 
j  the  N.     In  the  Elbrooz,  the  effects   of   remote   volcanic 
I  agency  are  strongly  manifested ;  and  the  rocks  which  bound 
the  alluvial  plains  of  Lake  Ooroomeeyah  on  the  W.  are  also 
{volcanic.    A  celebrated  mineral  peculiar  to  Persia  is  the 
'turquoise,  the  most  valuable  mines  of  which  are  in  the  vi- 
Icinity  of  Nishapoor,   to  the  W.  of  Meshed.     Among  the 
Imetals,  iron,  argentiferous  lead,  copper,  and  antimony  are 
[said  to  be  abundant.     Hock  salt  may  be  obtained  in  almost 
levery  quarter,  and  sulphur  is  dug  almost  solid  from  the 
Icrumbling  cone  of  Mount  Demavend.     Naphtha  is  found  in 
|many  places ;  a  bitumen,  called  viiimca,  is  collected  in  Ears; 
land  marble  of  the  finest  quality  is  quarried. 
;    The  absence  of  sufficient  water  is  one  of  the  great  disad- 
[vantages  sufifered  in  Persia.     Except  the  Aras,  forming  the 
[N.W.  frontier,  the  Sefeed  Rood  and  Goorgaon,  which  enter 
jthe  Caspian  Sea,  the  Kerah,  Karoon,  Jerahi,  Ac,  affluents 
[of  the  Tigris  and  Shat-el-Arab,  in  Khoozistan,  and  the 
jBundemeer,  in  Ears,  the  rivers  are  quite  insignificant,  and 
by  far  the  greater  portion  of  the  country  is  arid  and  unpro- 
(luctive.    From  theS.  slopes  of  the  mountain-ranges  which 
lise  from  its  N.  edge,  much  water,  partly  the  produce  of 
perpetual  snow,  descends  in  streams  which  soon  reach  the 
wrders  of  deserts  and  are  absorbed.     The  N.  slopes  are  so 
(lear  the  basin  of  the  Caspian,  to  which  they  all  belong, 
).hat  the  water  which  they  supply  has  too  short  a  course  to 
UUow  it  to  accumulate  into  rivers.     The  principal  excep- 
tion is  furnished  by  the  Sefeed  Rood,  which  has  found  or 
forn  for  itself   a  channel,  usually  several  hundred  and 
ometimes  1000  feet  below  the  general  level  of  the  table- 
land, till  it  breaks  through  the  mountains  of  Massula  into 
I  long  valley,  and  finally  reaches  the  Caspian  Sea  by  the 
Kndbar  Pass  in  the  Elbrooz,  after  a  course  of  about  .350 
lailes.    In  Persia  there  are  more  than  30  salt  lakes  which 
rave  no  outlets.     Lake  Ooroomeeyah,  70  miles  long  by  32 
hiles  broad,  receives  14  rivers,  yet  its  waters  are  so  bitter 
nd  saline  that  no  fish  can  live  in  them.     Lake  Bakhtegan 
i  60  miles  long,  and  receives  all  the  waters  of  the  Bunde- 
leer  and  Moorghaub. 

On  the  central  plateau  the  climate  is  intensely  cold  in 
inter  and  excessively  hot  in  summer.  The  dryness  of  the 
tmosphere,  however,  makes  the  air  generally  pure  and  the 
;y  cloudless.  The  shores  of  the  Persian  Gulf  are  scorched 
|)  in  summer  by  a  burning  heat,  and  become  so  unhealthy 
lat  all  the  inhabitants  who  have  the  means  retire  to  the 
Ijaccnt  mountains.  On  the  S.  side  of  the  N.  mountain- 
-nges,  snow  falls  early  in  November.  In  such  situations 
!  at  Teheran,  ice  is  seen  up  to  the  middle  of  March  ;  cold 
inJs  from  the  N.  prevail  in  April,  and  even  during  sum- 
er  great  and  sudden  changes  of  temperature  are  not  un- 
mmon.  On  the  N.  side  of  the  mountains,  in  the  plains 
Ghilan  and  Mazanderan,  a  dry  and  a  rainy  season  regu- 
rly  alternate,  and  vegetation  has  a  luxuriance  not  often 
et  with  in  much  lower  latitudes. 

The  long  belt  of  sandy  shores  which  line  the  Persian 
ilf  is  barren,  except  where  it  is  interspersed  with  planta- 
ins of  date-trees,  which  here  grow  to  great  perfection, 
nong  the  mountains  of  Khoozistan,  Bakhtiyari,  and  Loo- 
itan,  forests  of  oak  and  other  trees  are  not  uncommon, 
ough  in  general  they  are  stunted  in  their  growth.  But 
the  N.  side  of  the  lofty  ranges  which  overlook  the  Cas- 
m  Sea  are  magnificent  forests  of  oak,  beech,  elm,  walnut, 
s,  cypress,  and  cedar.  Extensive  open  glades  often  occur, 


on  which  numerous  herds  of  cattle  are  reared.  Lower 
down,  though  still  at  some  thousand  feet  above  sea-level, 
wheat  and  barley  are  extensively  cultivated.  In  the  level 
and  rich  plains  below,  the  sugar-cane  and  orange  come  to 
perfection,  the  pomegranate  grows,  the  cotton-plant  and 
mulberry  are  extensively  cultivated,  large  tracts  are  occu- 
pied by  the  vino,  and  orchards  with  exquisite  fruits  occur. 

In  the  low  plains,  the  only  grain  under  extensive  culture 
is  rice;  and  the  principal  auxiliary  crops  are  cotton,  indigo, 
sugar,  madder,  and  tobacco.  In  Azerbaijan,  large  rice-fielda 
occupy  the  low  flats  which  surround  Lake  Ooroomeeyah. 

The  remarkable  will  animals  are  the  lion ;  leopards,  in- 
cluding the  clietah,  used  for  hunting;  tigers,  lynxes,  bears, 
wild  boars,  hyenas,  wolves,  jackals,  porcupines,  and  moun- 
tain sheep  and  goats.  Among  the  birds  are  pheasants, 
pelicans,  bustards,  blackbirds,  thrushes,  and  other  well- 
known  songsters,  but  more  especially  the  bulbul.  Locusts 
often  commit  fearful  ravages.  Fish  abound  in  the  Caspian 
and  on  the  shores  of  the  Persian  Gulf. 

The  manufactures  of  Persia  are  more  numerous  than  im- 
portant, though  in  a  few  articles  they  continue  to  retain 
some  of  the  celebrity  which  they  acquired  in  early  times. 
Among  them  may  be  mentioned  various  kinds  of  silk  goods, 
as  taffetas,  velvets,  and  brocades,  made  extensively  at  Ispa- 
han, Astrabad,  Yezd,  and  other  places,  not  only  for  home 
consumption,  but  for  export ;  carpets,  rugs,  and  felts  in  many 
of  the  central  districts;  cloaks  and  woollen  stuffs;  shawls, 
made  of  the  wool  of  the  goats  of  Kerman  ;  fire-arms,  swords, 
daggers,  cutlery,  copper-ware,  and  gold  brocades. 

Commerce. — Tho  commerce  of  the  country  is  extensive, 
notwithstanding  the  absence  of  any  roads  except  such  aa 
are  traversed  by  caravans  of  mules.  The  principal  articles 
imported  from  the  East  are  muslins,  leather,  lambs'-skins, 
stuffs  of  camel's-hair,  shawls,  nankeen,  china,  glass,  hard- 
ware, amber,  coral,  precious  stones,  saffron,  indigo,  spices, 
Ac.  The  exports  to  the  East  are  velvets,  silk  and  cotton 
stuffs,  (fee,  articles  in  gold  and  silver,  bronze  lamps,  copper- 
ware,  Ac,  mats,  lacquered  ware,  ivory  ornaments,  dates, 
lemons,  tobacco,  and  shawls  and  some  other  articles.  The 
traffic  of  the  Caspian,  carried  on  chiefly  at  the  ports  of  En- 
zellee,  Balfurosh,  and  Astrabad,  is  almost  entirely  monopo- 
lized by  Russia  ;  that  of  the  Persian  Gulf  employs  a  consid- 
erable number  of  vessels,  owned  for  the  most  part  by  British, 
Armenian,  Arab,  and  Indian  traders.  The  foreign  trade  is 
chiefly  with  Great  Britain,  Russia,  and  India. 

The  sovereign  or  shah  of  Persia  is  an  absolute  despot. 
His  principal  ministers  are  the  vizier  azem,  or  grand  vizier, 
and  the  ameer-a-doulah,  or  lord  high  treasurer.  Botli 
ministers,  though  the  mere  slaves  of  their  master,  are,  in 
regard  to  all  other  persons,  as  absolute  as  himself.  Each 
province  is  governed  by  a  prince  of  the  blood  or  high  noble, 
who  appoints  his  lieutenants  or  hakims,  under  whom  there 
is  a  long  series  of  subordinates.  For  the  administration  of 
justice  there  are  two  classes  of  courts, — one  called  aherrah, 
which  decides  according  to  the  Koran  ;  the  other  called 
ur/,  deciding  according  to  customary  law. 

The  population  is  very  mixed.  The  Parsees,  who  appear 
to  preserve  more  fully  than  the  rest  a  purity  of  descent 
from  the  ancient  Persians,  are  now  nearly  confined  to  tho 
city  of  Yezd  and  some  towns  in  Kerman,  where  they  still 
retain  fire-worship.  The  inhabitants  of  the  towns  and  set- 
tled districts  generally  are  descended  from  Persians,  Turks, 
Tartars,  Georgians,  Armenians,  Arabs,  and  others  who  have 
at  different  periods  held  sway  in  the  country.  They  are 
Moliammedans  of  the  Sheeah  sect,  between  whom  and  the 
Turks,  Arabs,  and  most  other  Mussulmans  there  is  a  per- 
petual feud.  Others  of  the  Persians  are  Babists,  and  others 
again  Nestorian,  Armenian,  or  Chaldsean  Christians.  The 
nomadic  tribes  consist  of  Arabs  in  theS.,  Toorkomans,  Mou  • 
gols,  and  Oozbeks  in  the  E.  and  N.E.,  and  Koords  in  th« 
W.  They  live  in  tents,  subsisting  on  the  produce  of  theii 
herds  and  on  plunder;  and  they  furnish  most  of  the  ar,med 
force.  The  Persians  are  a  handsome,  active,  and  generally 
warlike  people.  Their  complexion  varies  from  fair  to  dark 
olive,  having  straight,  jet-black  hair,  a  quick,  lively  imagi  ■ 
nation,  and  agreeable  address.  The  intellectual  qualities 
of  the  Persians  are  naturally  of  a  high  order,  and  enabled 
them  at  a  very  early  period  to  take  a  lead  in  civilization. 
The  Persian  forms  one  of  the  principal  branches  of  the 
great  family  of  Indo-European  languages.  It  is  remark- 
able for  its  softness  and  harmony,  which  admirably  adapt 
it  to  the  lighter  forms  of  poetry.  The  Persians  possess  nu-  , 
merous  works  both  in  literature  and  in  science :  those  in 
the  former  bear  a  high  reputation ;  those  in  the  latter  are 
mainly  of  a  very  puerile  description. 

Population. — The  population  of  Persia  is  variously  given. 
A  former  accepted  estimate  gave  the  classes  as  follows: 


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2144 


PER 


Modern  Persians,  comprising  a  mixture  of  ancient  Por- 
•ians,  Tartars,  Arabs,  and  Georgians,  10,000,000;  Parsccs, 
100,000}  Afghans,  600,000 ;  Ghelaky,  60,000;  Armenians, 
70,000;  Jews,  36,000;  Sabians,  10,000;  nomadio  or  wander- 
ing tribes,  230,600;  Arabian  tribes  and  Arab  fishermen, 
UO.OOO;  and  Koords,  166,000:  total,  11,290,600.  More 
reoent  estimates,  however,  place  the  total  at  7,600,000. 

JDivuiont. — The  anoient  and  modern  divisions,  and  their 
ehief  towns,  are  exhibited  in  the  subjoined  ubie: 


Modem  Names. 

Andeut  Karnes. 

Chief  Towns. 

Aserbaijan. 

Me<IIa  AtruiMiteue. 

Tabreez. 

Imk-AJemee. 

Media  Muguo. 

Tolionia. 

Artlelnn. 

Klyuiais. 

Siuua. 

IiouHbUiii, 

Syro-Medla. 

KlioozlHtan. 

Siislnua. 

Sbooster. 

Far^ 

I'erais. 

Slieoras. 

LariiitAn. 

IIuMimbria. 

Lar. 

Koruiau. 

Carman  ia. 

Herman. 

GItilan. 

Country  of  Oelie. 

IteHlid. 

Mazaiideran. 

Country  of  Japyri. 

Balfurosh. 

Asti-ulwil. 

Uyrcania. 

Astrabad. 

KhorasBua. 

Aria. 

Niiilmuoor. 

Yezd. 

Artacene. 

Yezd. 

At  almost  the  earliest  period  of  authentic  history  we  find 
Persia  occupying  a  conspicuous  place  among  the  surround- 
ing nations.  Cyrus  the  Great,  the  most  renowned  of  all  the 
sovereigns  who  have  swayed  the  Persian  sceptre,  in  660  B.C. 
came  into  possession  of  the  united  crowns  of  Persia  and 
Media,  and  soon  extended  his  dominions  over  the  whole  of 
"Western  Asia.  He  was  succeeded,  529  B.C.,  by  his  son  Cam- 
byses,  who  conquered  Egypt.  About  the  year  490  B.C., 
Xerxes,  fourth  king  in  succession  from  Cambyses,  marched 
into  Greece  at  the  head  of  a  gigantic  armament;  but  after 
a  succession  of  disasters  ho  escaped  the  hands  of  iiis  enemies 
by  an  almost  solitary  flight.  From  this  period  may  be 
dated  the  decline  of  the  Persian  power ;  its  downfall  was 
completed  by  Alexander  the  Great  in  333  B.C.  After  un- 
dergoing various  vicissitudes,  the  Persian  power  again  rose 
under  the  Sassanian  dynasty  in  the  early  part  of  the  third 
century  of  our  era,  and  attained  the  highest  prosperity 
under  the  celebrated  Kosroo  Noushirva,n.  In  the  seventh 
century  the  armies  of  Mohammed  had  overrun  not  only 
Persia,  but  the  greater  part  of  Central  and  Western  Asia. 
The  Sassanian  dynasty  was  overthrown,  and  other  changes 
still  more  important  were  effected,  among  which  was  the 
extirpation  of  the  ancient  religion  of  the  Persians  and  the 
general  adoption  of  Mohammedanism.  In  the  eleventh 
century  the  Seljookian  Turks  succeeded  in  placing  the  Sul- 
tan Togrul  Beg  upon  the  Persian  throne.  In  the  early  part 
of  the  thirteenth  century  Jengis  Khan  made  his  appearance 
at  the  head  of  700,000  Mongols,  and,  crushing  all  opposition, 
ruled  Persia  with  a  rod  of  iron.  A  century  and  a  half  later, 
Tamerlane,  with  his  Tartar  myriads,  overran  Persia,  spread- 
ing desolation.  The  Sofee  dynasty,  founded  by  Ismaeel 
Shah  In  1502,  reached  its  greatest  prosperity  during  the 
reign  of  Abbas  the  Great,  from  1586  to  1627.  The  sceptre 
of  Persia  wa«  held  from  1736  to  1747  by  Nadir  Shih,  a  gen- 
eral whoso  prowess  and  military  talents  had  raised  him  to 
the  throne.  One  of  his  most  memorable  exploits  was  the 
invasion  of  India  in  1739,  when  he  took  Delhi  and  ob- 
tained a  booty  estimated  at  more  than  $150,000,000.  In 
1795,  Aga  Mohammed,  the  founder  of  the  present  Kajar 
dynasty,  ascended  the  throne.  Before  he  had  reigned  two 
years  he  was  murdered  by  his  attendants  in  1797.  lie  was 
succeeded  by  his  nephew,  Fateh-Alee  Sh^h.  The  most  re- 
markable events  of  his  reign  were  two  disastrous  wars  with 
llussia,  the  one  ending  in  1813,  with  the  loss  of  extensive 
territories  on  the  Caspian,  the  other  in  1828,  with  the  loss 
of  Erivan  and  all  the  country  N.  of  the  Aras  (Araxes). 
Until,  the  close  of  the  last  century  Persia  had  no  diplomatic 
relations  with  Western  Europe ;  but  since  that  period  the 
sovereigns  of  Great  Britain  and  Persia  have  been  for  the 
most  part  in  friendly  alliance,  the  troops  of  the  shah  have 
been  disciplined  by  British  oflBcers,  and  large  subsidies  have 

boon  paid  to  the  Persian  government. Adj.  and  inhab. 

Persian,  p^r'shan  or  p?r'she-an  (L.  Peu'sicus). 

Persia,  p^r'she-a,  a  post-township  of  Cattaraugus  co., 
N.Y.,  about  24  miles  E.S.E.  of  Dunkirk,  is  intersected  by 
the  Western  division  of  the  Erie  Railroad.  It  contains  part 
of  Gowanda  village.     Pop.  1336. 

Persia,  a  post-ofBce  of  Hawkins  oo.,  Tenn. 

Persian  Gulf  (anc.  Per'aicua  Si'niia,  or  Per'aicum 
Ma're),  an  arm  of  the  Indian  Ocean,  between  Arabia  and 
Persia.  Lat.  from  24°  to  30°  N. ;  Ion.  from  48°  to  66°  30' 
E.    Length,  560  miles ;  greatest  breadth,  220  miles.    At  its 


N.W.  extremity  It  receives  the  Shat-cl-Arnb  (formed  by  the 
union  of  the  Euphrates  and  Tigris)  and  tlio  Karoon.  It 
communicates  E.  with  the  Arabian  Sea  by  a  strait  50  miles 
across.  It  contains  numerous  islands,  the  principal  being 
Kishm,  Ormus,  Bushoab,  and  Karak  off  its  N,  or  Persian 
coast,  and  the  Bahrein  Islands  on  its  Arabian  side;  around 
the  last-named  an  extensive  pearl-lishery  exists.  The 
shores  are  almost  everywhere  sterile;  on  them  are  the 
cities  of  Basssorah  and  Bushire,  nnd  the  towns  of  Congoon. 
Nakilo,  Gombroon,  Zabarah,  El  Katif,  and  Grane. 

Per'sifer,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  III.     Pop.  853. 

Persim'inon  Creek,  post-office,  Cherokee  co.,  N.C. 

Per'singer,  a  station  on  the  railroad  from  Columbia  to 
Centralia,  4  miles  E.  of  Columbia,  Mo. 

Persis.    See  Pars  and  Persia. 

Pers'iey,  a  post-hamlet  of  Navarro  co.,  Tex.,  14  milci 
S.  by  W.  of  Corsicana. 

Per'son,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  North  Carolina, 
borders  on  Virginia.  Area,  about  400  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Hycootee  and  Flat  Rivers.  The  Dan  River 
touches  its  N.W.  corner.  The  surface  is  moderately  hilly, 
and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak, 
hickory,  pine,  Ac.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Wheat. 
Indian  corn,  oats,  tobacco,  and  pork  are  the  stajjie  producti. 
From  S.  to  N.  this  county  is  traversed  by  the  Norfolk  k 
Western  Railroad.  Capital,  Roxborough.  Pop.  in  187U, 
11,170;  in  1880,  13,719;  in  1890,  15,151. 

Per'sonville,  a  post-village  of  Limestone  co.,  Tex., 
about  47  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Palestine. 

Pertaubghur,PertabgHrh,pSr-tawb-gur',  orPrn- 
tabgarh,  pr/l-tib-gBr',  a  town  of  India,  ca]iital  of  Per- 
taubghur  district,  90  miles  S.E.  of  Lucknow.     Pop.  11,544. 

Pcrtaubghur,  or  Pratabghur,  a  district  of  the 
North-West  Provinces,  India,  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Oude. 
Area,  1458  square  miles.     Pop.  784,156. 

Pertaubghur,  a  fortified  town  of  India,  province  of 
Malwah.     Lat.  24°  2'  N. ;  Ion.  74°  51'  E. 

Perth,  or  Perthshire,  p^rth'shir,  a  large  county  in 
the  centre  of  Scotland,  E.  of  the  Flrtli  of  Tay.  Area,  2601 
square  miles.  Pop.  in  1891,  126,128.  This  county  com- 
prises both  a  highland  and  a  lowland  region,  the  Gram- 
pians extending  through  it  in  a  N.E.  direction.  The  prin-i 
cipal  mountains  arc  Benlawers,  3945  feet  in  height,  and  Ben- 
More,  3819  feet  in  height.  The  principal  lochs  are  Loch< 
Tay,  Earn,  Rannoch,  and  Ericht.  Perthshire  is  wholly 
drained  by  the  Tay  and  its  affluents,  except  in  its  S.  part, 
which  is  watered  by  the  Teith,  Allan,  and  Devon.  The 
soil  In  the  mountain-districts  is  mostly  light,  and  chiefly 
adapted  for  pasturage,  sheep-  and  cattle-breeding  being 
extensively  followed.  Wheat,  barley,  oats,  beans,  potatoes, 
turnii)S,  and  fruits  are  raised  for  exportation.  Some  coal 
is  raised  in  the  S.E. ;  limestone,  sandstone,  marble,  and 
slate  are  generally  abundant,  and  lead  is  found  in  some 
places.  Railways  traverse  the  E.  part  of  the  county,  and 
communicate  with  Edinburgh,  Stirling,  Perth,  and  Dundee, 
extending  N.  to  Aberdeen.  Chief  towns,  Perth,  Crieff,  and 
Dumblane.    It  sends  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Perth,  formerly  St.  Johnstown  (L.  Per'thia  or  Bcr"- 
tha),  a  city,  the  capital  of  the  above  county,  formerly  the 
metropolis  of  Scotland,  in  a  plain  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Tay,  here  crossed  by  a  noble  bridge,  33  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Edinburgh.  Lat.  56°  23'  60"  N. ;  Ion.  3°  26'  20"  W.  Pop. 
in  1891,  30,760.  It  is  substantially  built,  and  has  altogether 
an  elegant  appearance.  On  its  N".  and  S.  sides  arc  2  spacious 
parks,  called  Inches.  The  principal  public  edifices  are  the 
church  of  St.  John,  supposed  to  have  been  originally  erected 
in  the  fifth  century,  with  a  square  tower  155  feet  in  height, 
and  divided  into  3  distinct  places  of  worship,  numerous 
other  churches  and  chapels,  the  public  reservoir,  county 
buildings,  central  model  prison  for  Scotland,  county  in- 
firmary, lunatic  asylum,  large  barracks,  the  Marshall  Mon- 
ument, appropriated  to  the  public,  with  a  library  of  6000 
volumes,  the  museum,  the  town  hall,  and  King  James  VI. 'i 
Hospital.  Perth  has  an  educational  seminary, — an  elcganl 
structure, — a  grammar-school,  an  academy,  public  school?, 
several  newspaper  offices,  local  and  branch  banks,  and! 
a  custom-house.  The  Tay  is  navigable  to  the  city  foi 
vessels  of  considerable  burden.  The  junction  of  sevcra 
railways — an  elegant  building — is  situated  in  the  westert 
suburbs;  and  the  Dundee  Railway  crosses  the  Tay  by  i 
bridge.  The  principal  manufactures  are  those  of  colorei 
cotton  stufis,  ginghams,  shawls,  Ac. ;  and  here  are  flax 
spinning-mills,  bleach-fields,  several  distilleries,  breweries 
mills,  iron-foundries,  rope-walks,  tanneries,  and  dye-works 
Ship-building  is  an  extensive  interest,  and  the  salmon 
fisheries  in  the  Tay  are  very  valuable.  The  foreign  export 
are  trifling,  but  the  coastwise  exports  include,  besides  fish 


PER 


2145 


PER 


larn'e  quantities  of  potatoes,  chiefly  to  London,  corn,  tim- 
ber, and  slates.  Perth  appears  to  have  been  an  important 
station  under  the  Romans.  It  was  also  the  scene  of  many 
historical  events.  The  burgh  sends  one  member  to  the 
House  of  Commons. 

Perth,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Miss.,  30  miles  W. 
of  Brookhaven. 

Perth,  or  Perth  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Perth  township,  6  miles  N.  of  Amsterdam, 
and  about  36  miles  N.W.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  church. 
Here  is  Perth  Post-Office.     Pop.  of  the  township,  936. 

Perth,  a  city,  capital  of  Western  Australia,  and  of  the 
CO.  of  Perth,  on  the  Swan  River,  10  miles  above  its  mouth 
in  the  Indian  Ocean,  Lat.  31°  57'  S.;  Ion.  115°  63'  E. 
It  has  a  city  hall,  barracks,  and  governor's  palace.  It  is 
the  seat  of  Catholic  and  Anglican  bishops.    P.  (18»1)  9617. 

Perth,  a  post-village  of  Victoria  co..  New  Brunswick, 
on  the  river  St.  John,  45  miles  N.  of  Woodstock.    Pop.  600. 

Perth,  a  town  of  Ontario,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Lanark, 
on  the  river  Tay,  which  has  been  rendered  navigable  to 
the  Rideau  Canal,  and  on  the  Brockville  &  Ottawa  Rail- 
way, 40  miles  N.W.  of  Brockville.  It  contains  the  county 
buildings,  6  churches,  2  branch  banks,  2  printing-offices 
issuing  weekly  newspapers,  about  40  stores,  saw-  and  grist- 
mills, and  manufactories  of  machinery,  woollens,  leather, 
furniture,  ifec.    Near  it  are  largo  mineral  deposits.    P.  2376. 

Perth  Am'boy',  a  city  and  port  of  entry  of  Middlesex 
CO.,  N.J.,  is  situated  in  a  small  township  of  the  same  name, 
on  Raritan  Bay,  at  the  mouth  of  Raritan  River,  and  at  the 
S,  end  of  Staten  Island  Sound,  or  Kill  van  Kull,  opposite 
Tottenville,  N.Y.  It  is  21  miles  S.AV,  of  New  York,  and  2 
or  3  miles  N.E.  of  South  Amboy.  A  steam  ferry  connects 
it  with  Tottenville,  Its  harbor  is  good,  and  easily  acces- 
sible to  all  vessels.  Perth  Amboy  contains  8  churches,  a  state 
bank,  a  savings-institution,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  seminary 
for  young  ladies,  a  custom-house,  a  cork-factory,  2  largo 
brick  public  school-houses,  and  manufactures  of  fire-bricks, 
other  bricks,  white-ware,  and  drain-pipes.  Here  are  large 
deposits  of  fire-clay  and  kaolin.  This  town  is  the  S.  ter- 
minus of  a  branch  railroad  which  connects  it  with  Rahway, 
and  is  on  the  New  York  &  Long  Branch  Railroad.  Incor- 
porated in  1784.     Pop.  in  1880,  4803;  in  1890,  9612. 

Perth  Centre,  New  York,    See  Perth, 

Perthois,  painHwS,',  a  former  district  of  France,  now 
forming  parts  of  the  departments  of  Marne  and  Ilautc- 
Marne,     Vitry-le-Franyais  was  the  capital. 

Perthshire,  a  county  of  Scotland.    See  Perth. 

Pertuis,  pSiiHweo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vauoluse, 
near  the  Durance,  44  miles  E.S.E.  of  Avignon.  It  has 
manufactures  of  woollen,  alcohol,  madder,  &o.     Pop.  4905. 

Pertuis  Breton,  p^RHwee'  brAHiu"',  and  Pertuis 
d'Antiochc,  pdnHwee'  d6N»He-osh',  straits  of  France, 
which  separate  the  island  of  R6  from  the  department  of 
Charente-Inf6rieure  and  from  the  island  of  016ron. 

Peru,  pe-roo'  (Sp.  pron.  pi-roo',  written  also  in  ancient 
chronicles  Pird,  pe-roo' ;  Fr.  I'6rou,  pi^roo' ;  L.  Peru'via),  a 
rapublican  state  of  South  America,  between  lat.  3°  25'  and 
18»  S.  and  Ion.  67°  30'  and  81°  20'  W.,  having  N,  Ecuador, 
E.  Bolivia  and  Brazil,  S.  Chili,  and  W.  the  Pacific  Ocean. 
Length,  1000  miles ;  breadth,  760  miles.  It  is  divided  into 
departments,  and  these  again  into  provinces.  Area,  about 
480,000  square  miles. 


Departments. 


Pinra 

iCuxauiarca 

..^mazouas , 

Lore  to , 

tLibertad 

'ADcacUs 

!LIma 

SCallao 

|Huancavelica. 

!Uu&nuco 
Junin 
ISa 

lAyacucho 

Cuzco 

Puno 

Areqiiipa 

;'H()<jue^ua 

rarapaci* 

lApurimac 

|r»cna* , 

lUunbayeque.. 


Total  pop 2,099,002 


Pop.  (1870). 

Capitals. 

135,502 

Piui-a. 

213,391 

Caxamarca. 

34,245 

Chachapoyas. 

61,125 

Moyobamba. 

147,541 

Trujillo. 

284,091 

Huiiraz. 

220,992 

Lima. 

34,492 

104,140 

Huancavellca. 

77,988 

Iluiinuco. 

209,871 

Cerro  do  I'asco. 

00,111 

I?a. 

142,205 

Ayacucho. 

238,455 

Cuzco. 

250,594 

Puno. 

100,282 

Arequipa. 

28,780 

Moquegua. 

42,002 

119,246 

Abancay. 

30,019 

Tacna. 

85,984 

Chiclayo. 

*  Held  by  Chili  since  the  war  of  1881, 


The  double  Cordillera  of  the  Andes  traverses  Peru  from 
S.E.  to  N.AV.,  separating  it  into  three  great  natural  regions, — • 
I.  "  La  Costa,"  on  the  coast,  between  the  base  of  the 
Andes  and  the  shores  of  the  Pacific,  mostly  an  arid  desert 
(except  in  the  N.W.),  and  intersected  at  intervals  by  fer- 
tilizing mountain-streams,  extending  1600  miles  in  length 
and  rarely  more  than  60  miles  in  breadth.  II.  "La  Sierra," 
or  Andine  division,  embracing  all  the  valleys  on  the  Paciflo 
side  of  the  W.  Andes,  above  the  level  of  7000  feet,  in- 
cluding the  hills  and  valleys  between  the  double  Cordillei-a 
chains.  From  a  little  below  the  crest  of  the  eastern  moun- 
tains is  "  La  Ceja,"  or  brow  of  the  Montana,  and  hero  begins 
the  fertile  region  called — III,  "La  Montafia,"  from  the 
Spanish  word  "  monte,"  meaning  a  wood  or  thicket,  A  few 
miles  beyond  the  eastern  crest  of  the  Cordillera  is  the  warm 
and  steaming  woodland,  which  stretches  into  the  Brazilian 
territory  and  contains  the  head-streams  of  the  Peruvian 
River  navigation,  flowing  into  the  bed  of  the  Amazon. 
Principal  rivers,  the  Maraiion,  Huallaga,  Ucayale,  Apu- 
rimac,  and  Javary,  all  having  a  N.  course,  and  tribu- 
taries to  the  Amazon,  which  forms  a  great  part  of  the 
N.  frontier.  About  half  of  Lake  Titicaca  is  comprised  in 
Southern  Peru,  The  whole  coast  region  is  arid  and  destitute 
of  timber;  and  only  the  Piura  River,  in  this  division,  is  at 
all  navigable.  Rain  rarely  falls  in  the  coast  valleys  of 
Peru  W,  of  the  Andes,  but  fogs,  called  the  garua,  are  fre- 
quent. The  amount  of  rain  diminishes  gradually  from  the 
southern  tropics  to  the  N.  borders  of  Peru.  The  climate  on 
the  coast  is  sultry  and  unhealthy,  but  higher  up  it  is  mild  and 
salubrious.  Temperature  at  Lima  in  summer,  80°  to  84°; 
minimum  in  winter,  60°  to  64°  Fahr.  On  the  E.  slopes  of 
the  Peruvian  Andes  rain  falls  copiously.  The  soil  in  the 
valleys  of  the  upland  region  is  highly  fertile,  and  the  grains 
of  Europe  are  successfully  raised.  The  domestic  animals 
generally  bred  are  the  same  as  in  the  United  States;  but 
the  llama  is  still  employed  in  some  mountain-districts  as  a 
beast  of  burden,  and  the  alpaca  is  bred  for  its  wool.  Here 
are  extensive  pastures,  where  sheep  introduced  by  Euro- 
peans have  been  acclimatized  and  multiply  with  amazing 
rapidity.  The  vast  plains  E.  of  the  mountains,  as  already 
noted,  are  in  great  part  covered  with  dense  forests.  In  the 
hotter  portions  of  the  country,  sugar,  wheat,  maize,  cotton, 
indigo,  tobacco,  yams,  sweet  potatoes,  cacao,  and  fine  fruits, 
with  cinchona  bark,  sarsaparilln,  copaiba,  vanilla,  and  other 
drugs,  and  valuable  timber,  are  principal  products.  One 
cause  which  prevents  the  Peruvians  from  fully  availing 
themselves  of  the  productiveness  of  these  rich  valleys  is  the 
prevalence  in  them  of  intermittent  fevers.  Cholera  morbus 
is  a  very  common  disease,  for  which  the  standing  remedy  is 
ice.  Yellow  fever  appeared  on  the  shores  as  an  epidemic  for 
the  first  time  in  1861.  Goitre  is  the  chief  endemic  disease 
of  the  dry  mountain  climate,  but  cretinism  is  unknown. 
The.  country  is  extremely  rich  in  natural  resources,  es- 
pecially in  minerals,  and  those  are  being  gradually  devel- 
oped. The  mines  of  Peru  are  the  principal  source  of  its 
wealth ;  but  this  branch  of  industry  continues  in  great  de- 
cadence, owing  to  the  absence  of  capitalists  and  roads.  The 
silver-mines  of  Cerro  de  Pasco  are  the  richest  in  the  re- 
public. The  Cordillera  of  the  Andes  contains  veins  of 
gold,  copper,  lead,  bismuth,  tin,  <fec.  The  only  coal-mine 
partially  worked  is  that  of  Mureo,  in  Cailloma ;  at  Huan- 
cavelica  is  a  celebrated  mine  of  quicksilver.  'The  llama, 
alpaca,  guanaco,  and  vicuna  are  natives  of  the  country, 
and  the  first  especially  is  used  as  a  beast  of  burden ;  mules 
are,  however,  mostly  employed  for  travelling.  Coarse  cot- 
ton, woollen  cloths,  and  leather  goods  are  generally  made, 
with  fine  cloaks  and  blanketing  at  Tarma;  ironwares  at 
Caxamarca;  gold  and  silver  articles  and  jewelry  at  Lima, 
Arequipa,  and  Cuzco ;  but  in  general  manufactured  goods 
are  imported  from  Europe  and  North  America,  in  return 
for  raw  produce.  The  chief  wealth  of  Peru  consists  in  the 
immense  deposits  of  guano  on  the  islands  and  coasts  of  the 
republic;  and  there  are  very  valuable  deposits  of  saliter,  an 
impure  nitrate  of  soda.  The  want  of  roads  interposes  great 
obstacles  to  internal  traffic ;  but  several  railways  are  in  oper- 
ation, connecting  the  interior  districts  with  the  ports,  which, 
in  connection  with  steamers  launched  on  Lake  Titicaca,  will 
greatly  facilitate  the  trade  of  the  interior.  Among  the 
railways  already  opened  are  those  from  Pimentel  to  Ferri- 
nafe;  Eten  to  Ferrifiafe ;  Pacasmayo  to  Caxamarca;  Sala 
verry  to  Ascope;  Chimbote  to  Recuay  ;  Cerro  de  Pasco  to  the 
mines;  Lima  to  Oruro,  Callao,  and  Chorillos;  Pisco  to  Ija;' 
Arequipa  to  Puno;  MoUendo  to  Arequipa;  Ilo  to  Moquegua ; 
Arica  to  Tacna;  Pisagua  to  Sal  de  Obispo;  Iquiqu°e  to 
Noria.  Exports,  guano,  wool,  nitre,  copper,  Peruvian  bark, 
tin,  archil,  hides,  cotton,  silver,  &c.  Imports,  cottons,  wool- 
lens, iron,  linens,  hardwares,   apparel,   coals,  machinery, 


PER 


2140 


PES 


Uather,  wina,  opium,  Sta.,  to  the  rnlueof  nbout  £5,000,000. 
Th«  marilinie  tnule  ia  obiofly  with  the  ports  on  tho  W.  side  of 
America,  but  that  with  Europe  ia  considerable.  The  sca- 
porta  are  numerous,  but,  except  Callao,  most  of  them  are 
small  and  have  scanty  natural  barber  ailvantnges.  Scarcely 
any  Peruvian  coinage  exists,  that  in  circulation  being  from 
the  mint  of  Bolivia.  The  constitution  was  framed  in  1S28, 
on  the  basis  of  that  of  tho  Uniteil  States.  The  legislative 
body  consists  of  a  senate  and  a  chamber  of  deputies.  Tho 
ttxeoutive  government  is  vested  in  a  president,  popularly 
chosen  for  four  years,  and  assisted  by  a  ministry  chosen  by 
himself,  and  a  council  of  state  chosen  by  tho  legislature. 
Kaoh  department  is  commanded  by  a  prefect,  who  resides  in 
the  capital;  the  provinces  by  a  sub-prefect;  the  districts 
by  governors  of  an  inferior  rank  ;  and  tho  minor  villages 
by  lieutenant-governors.  In  each  ctvpital  of  tho  depart- 
ments there  is  a  superior  court,  composed  of  a  chief  judge, 
four  assistant  judges,  nnd  a  fiscal.  There  aro  also  three 
or  more  judges  of  civil  law,  and  an  «</««<«  fiscal  (deputy 
attorney-general).  In  each  province  there  is  a  judge  of 
civil  law,  and  in  each  district  one  or  two  justices  of  the 
peace.  Every  village  entitled  to  name  an  elector  of  depu- 
ties has  a  municipal  body.  With  a  fow  exceptions,  every 
Peruvian  enjoys  the  rights  of  citizenship.  Tho  Koman 
Catholic  is  the  state  religion,  and  no  other  is  tolerated.  In 
each  of  the  principal  departments  ia  a  diooeae  or  bishop- 
ric. Public  instruction  has  made  little  progress,  and  in  the 
interior  not  more  than  two  per  cent,  of  tho  youth  receive 
education.  It  is  better  in  the  chief  towns,  and  there  are  3 
universities, — at  Cuzco,  Arcquipa,  and  Puno, — 12  boys'  and 
6  girls'  schools,  and  45  schools  of  primary  instruction, 
mostly  supported  by  the  state.  The  standing  nrmy  con- 
sisU  of  5a00  men,  viz.,  2400  infantry,  600  cavalry,  600 
artillery,  and  a  gendarmerie  of  2400.  Navy  almost  nothing. 
The  chief  ports  are  Callao,  Islay,  Pisco,  Ho,  Payta,  lluacho, 
and  Mollendo.  Peru  was  conquered  from  the  dynasty  of 
the  Incas  by  the  troops  of  Pizarro  in  1532,  from  which  time 
it  remained  one  of  the  most  iuiportimt  foreign  possessions 

.«f  Spain  until  its  independence  in  1821. Adj.  and  inhab. 

Pbruviax,  p9-roo'vo-an  (Sp.  Peruaxo,  pA-roo-4'no;  L. 
Peruvia'nus;  Fr.  Pkiiovie.v,  pi'rii've-iN»'). 

Peru,  p5-roo',  a  city  of  La  Salle  co.,  HI.,  in  Peru  town- 
ship, on  the  N.  banlc  of  tho  Illinois  River,  at  tho  head  of 
natural  navigation,  100  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chicago,  1  or  2 
miles  W.  of  La  Salle,  and  17  miles  S.  of  Mcndota.  It  is  on 
tho  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacifio  Railroad.  Steamboats 
can  ascend  the  river  to  this  place  in  all  stages  of  water. 
Peru  contains  6  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  high  school,  a 
city  hall,  a  newspaper  office,  zinc-works,  a  plough-factory, 
a  foundry,  and  a  machine-shop.  Rich  mines  of  bituminous 
coal  liave  been  opened  here.  Several  ice-companies  in 
Peru  do  a  large  business.     Pop.  in  1890,  5550. 

Peru,  a  city  and  the  capital  of  Miami  oo.,  Ind.,  in  Peru 
township,  on  the  right  or  N.  bank  of  the  Wabash  River, 
on  tho  Wabash  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Indianap- 
olis, Peru  &  Chicago  Railroad,  and  on  the  AVabash  &,  Erie 
Canal,  16  miles  E.  of  Logansport,  56  miles  AV.S.W.  of 
Fort  Wayne,  and  75  miles  N.  of  Indianapolis.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house,  7  churches,  a  high  school,  a  fine  union 
school-house,  2  national  banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  large 
woollen- fiw;tory,  several  mills,  and  the  establishments  of 
the  cabinet-makers'  union  and  the  Indiana  Manufacturing 
Company.  Pop.  in  1890,7028;  of  the  township,  exclusive 
of  the  city,  903. 

Peru,  a  hamlet  in  Peru  township,  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Dubuque  A 
Minnesota  Railroad,  7  miles  above  Dubuque.  Pop.  of 
township,  960. 

Pern,  a  post-village  of  Madison  eo.,  Iowa,  10  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Winterset,  and  about  24  miles  S.S.W.  of  Dcs 
Moines.     It  bas  3  churches. 

Peru,  a  post-village  in  Belleville  township,  Chaut.auqua 
CO.,  Kansas,  on  Middle  Caney  Creek,  30  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Independence,  and  6  miles  S.E.  of  Sedan.  It  has  a  news- 
paper office,  a  church,  and  a  high  school. 

Pern,  a  post-office  of  Oldham  co.,  Ky.,  about  20  miles 
N.E.  of  Louisville. 

Peru,  a  post-hamlet  in  Peru  township,  Oxford  co..  Me., 
on  the  Androscoggin  River,  about  40  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Augusta.     Pop.  of  the  township,  931. 

Peru,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  in  Peru 
township,  12  miles  E.  of  Pittsfield.  It  has  a  church  and  2 
law-mills.     Pop.  of  the  township,  443. 

Peru,  a  post-village  of  Nemaha  co.,  Neb.,  on  the  Mis- 
souri River,  8  miles  above  Brownville,  and  on  the  Nebraska 
Railroad,  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Nebraska  City.  It  contains 
%  state  normal  school  and  2  churches.     Pop.  about  650. 


Pern,  a  station  in  Passaic  co.,  N.J.,  on  tho  Erie  RaiU 
road  (Patcrson  <fc  Newark  Branch),  5  miles  S.  of  Patorton. 

Peru,  a  post-village  in  Peru  township,  Clinton  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Little  Sable  River,  10  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Plattsburg, 
with  which  it  is  connected  by  the  New  York  &  Canada 
Railroad.  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  tannery, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber  nnd  starch.  Pop.  about  800. 
The  township  is  bounded  on  tho  E.  by  Lake  Champlain, 
and  has  4  churches  and  a  pop.  of  2839. 

Peru,  a  hamlet  of  Onondaga  CO.,  N.T.,  on  the  Seneca 
River,  near  the  Erie  Canal,  about  14  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Syracuse.    It  has  a  church.    Here  is  Jack's  Reef  Post-Offlce. 

Peru,  a  post-office  of  Haywood  co.,  N.C. 

Peru,  or  Max'villc,  a  po.'t-villuge  in  Peru  township, 
Huron  CO.,  0.,  near  the  Huron  River,  about  22  miles  S.  of 
Sandusky,  nnd  32  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Mansfield.  It  has  2 
flour-mills  and  a  tannery.  Pop.  about  400.  The  township 
is  intersected  by  the  Sandusky,  Mansfield  &  Newark  Rail- 
road and  the  Huron  River.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1297. 

Peru,  a  township  of  Morrow  co.,  0.     Pop.  953. 

Peru,  a  post-village  in  Peru  township,  Bennington  oo^ 
Vt.,  30  miles  S.  of  Rutland.     Pop.  of  township,  600. 

Peru,  a  post-office  of  Hardy  co.,  W.  Va. 

Peru,  a  township  of  Dunn  co..  Wis.     Pop.  245. 

Perugia,  pi-roo'j4  (Fr.  Peronae,  p4Vooz';  ano.  Pern'- 
»ia),  a  city  of  Central  Italy,  in  Umbria,  capital  of  a  i)rov- 
ince,  48  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Arezzo,  and  10  miles  E.  of 
the  Lake  of  Perugia,  on  tho  S.  declivity  of  the  Apennines. 
Pop.  in  1881,  61,354.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls.  Tno  public 
buildings  comprise  a  large  cathedral,  with  fine  paintingi 
and  a  library  of  rare  manuscripts,  upwards  of  lOU  other 
churches,  a  city  hall,  an  exchange  gorgeously  decorated 
with  frescoes,  an  academy  of  fine  arts,  several  private  pal- 
aces, a  well-endowed  university,  founded  in  1320,  with 
museums  of  antiquities  and  minerals,  a  botanic  garden,  a 
college,  a  public  library,  a  hospital,  a  lunatic  asylum,  and 
2  theatres :  there  are  also  a  ball-court  and  bull-ring,  a 
splendidly  sculptured  fountain,  and  two  celebrated  gates 
of  Etruscan  architecture.  Perugia  has  few  manuHtctures 
beyond  some  soap-works  and  distilleries  of  brnndy  and 
liquors.  It  has  a  trade  in  wine,  oil,  corn,  fruits,  &a,,  but  its 
fairs  in  August  and  November  for  cattle  nnd  merchandise 
aro  frequented  by  a  concourse  of  people  from  all  jjarts  of 
Central  Italy,  and  numerous  visitors  aro  attracted  to  the 
city  by  its  agreeable  society  and  abundant  works  of  art. 

Perugia,  a  province  of  N.  central  Italy,  forming  the 
compartimento  of  Umbria.  Area,  3719  square  miles.  It 
is  traversed  by  the  Apennines,  and  lies  partly  on  the  Adri- 
atic slope  and  partly  on  the  western  versant  of  the  ])cninsula. 
Capital,  Perugia.     Pop.  549,001.     See  Lake  of  Peuugia. 

Perulia,  a  town  of  India.    See  Purulia. 

Peru  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Lack  township,  Juniata 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  32  miles  W.N.W.  of  Carlisle.  It  has  a 
church,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  tannery.  Here  ii 
beautiful  scenery. 

Peruvia,  the  Latin  name  for  Peru. 

Pcru'ville,  a  post-village  in  Groton  township,  Tomp- 
kins CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Southern  Central  Railroad,  30  milef 
S.  by  E.  of  Auburn,  and  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ithaca,  ft 
contains  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Peruwels,  pi'rli-*fils\  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  llainaut, 
16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Mons.  It  has  manufactures  of  caps, 
glass,  leather,  sugar,  <tc.     Pop.  7864. 

Pervyse,  paiRVi'z?h  or  pfiR^veez',  a  village  of  Belgium, 
in  West  Flanders,  on  the  Yser,  19  miles  S.W.  of  Bruges. 

Perwez,  painVi',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Brabant,  25 
miles  S.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  2430. 

Pesale,  pi-si'li,  a  large  village  on  the  island  of  Ceylon^ 
8  miles  N.W.  of  Manaar.  According  to  tradition,  the 
missionary  Xavier  first  landed  here  on  his  mission  to  India. 

Pesaro,p6s'i-ro  or  pi'sA-ro  (anc.  Pisau'rum),  a  fortified 
town  of  Italy,  the  capital  of  a  province,  19  miles  N.E.  of 
Urbino,  on  the  Foglia,  at  its  mouth  in  the  Adriatic.  Pop. 
10,484.  It  has  a  cathedral  and  other  churches,  a  legate's 
palace,  a  valuable  public  library,  several  convents,  2  ho«- 
pitals,  a  foundling  asylum,  and  a  theatre. 

Pesaroand.  IJrbino, oor-bee'no  (It.  Pc«aroe(Z  Urbino 
p5s'A-ro  ed  oor-bec'no),  a  province  of  Italy,  in  the  Marches, 
bordering  on  the  Adriatic.  Area,  1145  square  miles.  It 
is  mountainous,  but  fertile,  producing  grain,  flax,  wine, 
silk,  and  provisions.     Capital,  Pcsaro.     Pop.  213,072. 

Pescadero,  pes-ki-ili'ro,  a  post-vill.age  of  San  Mateo 
CO.,  Cal.,  is  finely  situated  in  a  fertile  valley,  on  the  Pacifio 
Ocean,  about  44  miles  S.  of  San  Francisco.  It  has  3 
churches.  Large  quantities  of  butter  and  cheese  are  ex- 
ported from  this  place.  Here  is  a  remarkable  locality  called 
Pebble  Beach.     Pop.  of  Pescadero  township,  659. 


PES 


2147 


rj-ji' 


Pescadores,  pSs-ki-do'rSs  ("  Fishorman's  Islands"), 
an  island  group  close  upon  the  coast  of  Peru,  N.  from 
Callao.     Lat.  11°  47'  S.;  Ion.  77°  20'  W. 

Pescadores,  three  groups  of  the  North  Pacific,  in 
Marshall  Islands.  Lat.  (middle  group)  11°  19'  N.;  Ion. 
167°  35'  E. 

Pescadores,  China.    See  Pheng-IIoo. 

Pescara,  p6s-k4'r3,  (anc.  Aier'ni  or  Ater'num),  a  forti- 
fied town  of  Italy,  province  of  Chieti,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Aterno  in  the  Adriatic,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Chieti.  Pop. 
2521;  of  commune,  6238.     See  Atehno. 

Pescarolo,  p3s-ki-ro'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  10  miles  E. 
by  N.  of  Cremona.     Pop.  1510. 

Peschauer,  India.    See  Pesiiawer. 

Pesche,  pfis'ki,  or  Peschi,  pds'kee,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Campobasso,  4  miles  E.N.B.  of  laernia.  P.  1588. 

Pescliici,  pes-kee'chce,  a  market-town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Poggia,  11  miles  AV.  of  Viesti.     Pop.  2290. 

Peschiera,  p6s-ke-A,'ri  (ano.  Ardelku  or  Pincaria),  a 
fortified  town  of  Italy,  21  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mantua,  on  the 
Minoio,  at  its  issue  from  the  Lago  di  Garda.     Pop.  2418. 

•  It  has  a  strong  citadel,  2  parish  churches,  a  convent,  a  hos- 
pital, an  arsenal,  and  a  fishery  of  eels. 

Pescia,  p.\'shd  or  pfish'd,,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany, 
nrovince  of  Florence,  on  the  Pescia,  Lucca  &  Pisa  Railway. 
!  Pop.  about   5000;    of   commune,    12,700.     It   is   situated 

*  among  olive-groves  and  mulberry -plantations,  is  enclosed 
by  walls,  and  has  a  cathedral  and  3  convents,  a  large  hos- 

( pital,  a  citadel,  and  important  manufactures  of  paper,  wool- 
'  len  cloth,  and  silk  twist. 

Pesciiia,  pi-shee'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Aquihv,  11  miles  E.S.E.  of  Avezzano.  Pop.  5156.  It  has 
a  fine  cathedral. 

Pesco  Costanzo,  pSs'ko  kos-tdn'zo,  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  Aquila,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Sulmona.     Pop.  2427. 

Pesco  La  Mazza,  p6s'ko  1&,  mdt'sA,  a  town  of  Italy, 
15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ariano.     Pop.  2460. 

Pesco  Lanciano,  pfis'ko  lAn-chi'no,  a  town  of  Italy, 
iia  Campobasso,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Isernia.     Pop.  1797. 
I    Pesco  Pagano,  pSs'ko  pi-gi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
JBasilicata,  17  miles  S.W.  ofMelfi.     Pop.  3C77. 
'    Pesco  Pennataro,  pds'ko  pJn-ni-ti'ro,  a  town  of 
(Italy,  in  Campobasso,  N.N.E.  of  Isernia.     Pop.  1361. 
I    Pesco  Sansonesco,  pSs'ko  sS,n-so-n6s'ko,  a  town  of 
lltaly,  in  Teramo,  S.  of  Civita  di  Penno.     Pop.  1594. 
1    Pesco  Solido,  pSs'ko  so'le-do,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
'nce  of  Caserta,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Sonu     Pop.  2350. 

Pesei,  or  Pesey,  pd'z^',  written  also  Peisey,  a  com- 
mune of  France,  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Moutiers.  Pop.  1480. 
[  Pesequeiro,  pd,-s.\-ki'e-ro,  an  islet  of  Portugal,  off 
';he  coast  of  Alemtejo,  40  miles  W.  of  Ouriquo. 

Peshaw'  (or  Clear)  Creek,  of  Missouri,  flows  N.E. 
hrough  Bates  co.,  and  enters  the  Osage  in  St.  Clair  co. 
i  Peshawer,  Peshawur,  Peichaouer,  Peschau- 
Im,  p6sh'ow'?r,  written  also  Paishawur  andPeishore 
I  "the  advanced  post"),  a  fortified  town  of  India,  capital 
if  the  Peshawer  division  and  district,  Punjab,  40  miles  by 
•ail  W.  of  Attock,  and  on  the  Afghan  frontier,  12  miles  E. 
if  the  Khyber  Pass.  It  is  the  N.W.  terminus  of  the  Indian 
lailway  system,  and  an  important  strategic  point.  It  is  a 
doslem  town.     Pop.  58,555. 

t  Peshawer,  a  division  in  the  extreme  N.W.  of  India, 

n  the  Punjab,  bounded  W.  by  Afghanistan,  and  N.  by 

''ashmere  and  some  native  hill  states.     Area,  8171  square 

lilea.    It  consists  of  the  districts  of  Peshawer,  Kohat,  and 

jluaareh.     Pop.  1,035,789.     The  district  of  Peshawer  is  the 

iorthwesternmost  of  the  three  districts  in  the  division,  and 

II  fertile  and  well  cultivated.     Area,  2497  square  miles. 

'apital,  Peshawer.     Pop.  523,152. 

Pesh'tigo,  a  post-village  in  Peshtigo  township,  Mari- 

tte  CO.,  Wis.,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the 

liieago   &  Northwestern    Railroad,    13   miles   N.N.E.  of 

oonto,  and  9  miles  S.W.  of  Menominee,  Mich.     It  has  4 

lurches,  a  flouring-mill,  and  several  saw-mills.     Pop.  in 

>00,  1719;  of  the  township,  7202. 

Peshtigo  River,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Oconto  co.,  runs 
uthoastward,  and  enters  Green  Bay  about  12  miles  N.E. 
the  town  of  Oconto.     It  is  nearly  150  miles  long,  and 
ms  through  extensive  pine  forests. 

Pesmes,  or  Pemes,  paim,  a  town  of  France,  in 
aute-Saone,  10  miles  S.  of  Gray.  Pop.  2755. 
Pe-Sooee-Shan,  or  Pc-Soui-Chan,  pi-soo'ee- 
in',  a  mountain  of  China.  Lat.  28°  26'  N. ;  Ion.  108° 
'  E.  It  is  covered  with  perpetual  snow. 
Peso'tum,  a  post-hamlet  of  Champaign  oo..  111.,  in  Pe- 
tum  township,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  14  miles 
of  Champaign.     Pop.  of  the  township,  919. 


Pespire,  pes-pee'rA,  a  town  of  Honduras,  80  mileti 
N.N.W.  of  Leon.     It  is  the  seat  of  a  largo  trade.     P.  2000. 

Pesqueira.     See  Sao  Joao  de  Pesqueira. 

Pesqueira  Grande,  pSs-ki'e-ra,  grin'dd,  a  village 
of  Mexico,  state  of  Nuevo  Leon,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mon- 
terey. It  was  formerly  celebrated  for  its  silver-mines  and 
salt-works. 

Pesth,  p5st  (Hun.  pron.  p8sht),  a  royal  free  city  of 
Hungary,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Danube,  immediately 
opposite  Buda,  on  the  railway  from  Vienna  to  Szolnok,  136 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Vienna.  Pop.  in  1870,200,476;  in  1890, 
including  Buda  (with  which  it  was  incorporated  in  1872, 
the  ofiScial  title  being  "  Budapest"),  506,384.  It  is  situated 
on  level  ground.  The  principal  edifices  are  the  new  theatre, 
the  national  casino,  a  county  hall,  the  Neugehdude,  a  vast 
structure,  used  as  an  artillery-depot,  the  grenadier  barracks, 
Jesuits'  and  several  other  convents,  an  art  academy,  tlie 
Esterhazy  Gallery  of  Art,  the  lledoute  Buildings,  Roman 
Catholic,  Greek,  Lutheran,  Calvinist,  and  other  churches, 
several  synagogues,  hospitals,  a  custom-house,  a  national 
museum,  a  landhaus,  and  a  university.  The  venerable  an- 
cient structures  of  the  Hungarian  capital  are  all  in  Buda  ; 
and  Pesth  is  the  "new  city,"  boasting  most  of  its  modern 
conveniences,  as  good  hotels,  cofTee-houses,  and  handsome 
private  residences.  The  university  has  a  library  of  60,000 
volumes,  and  is  attended  by  over  2600  students.  Here  are 
also  a  botanic  garden,  a  veterinary  hospital,  a  Hungarian 
academy  of  sciences,  Roman  Catholic,  Lutheran,  and  nor- 
mal schools,  an  English  conventual  and  various  charitable 
institutions.  The  town  has  manufactures  of  flour,  spirits, 
leather,  tobacco,  hats,  pipes,  cloth,  silk,  oil,  and  machinery, 
Pesth  is  supposed  to  occupy  the  site  of  the  ancient  Tranaa- 
cincum.  The  old  town  was  enclosed  by  walls  in  the  thir- 
teenth century.  It  was  held  by  the  Turks  for  100  years. 
Pesth  is  a  station  for  steam  packets,  and  is  connected  by 
railways  with  the  chief  towns  of  Austria-Hungary. 

Pesto,  pSs'to,  or  Pestnm,  pfis'tiim  (anc.  Pseattim,  ori- 
ginally Posido'nia),  a  ruined  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Sa- 
lerno, 19  miles  S.S.W.  of  Campagna,  in  a  plain  on  the  Gulf 
of  Salerno.  It  was  first  a  Greek  colony,  and  fell  under  the 
power  of  the  Romans  B.C.  275.  After  the  fall  of  the  Emjiire 
it  continued  to  flourish,  but  was  ultimately  destroyed  by  the 
Saracens  towards  the  end  of  the  ninth  century.  Among  the 
buildings  are  a  temple  of  Neptune,  the  four  sides  of  which 
have  a  range  of  36  pillars,  surmounted  by  an  architrave 
and  frieze  of  the  Doric  order;  and  a  large  edifice  called  the 
basilica,  but  supposed  to  have  been  a  temple  of  Ceres. 

Petalida,  or  Pctalidha,  Crete.    See  Sordi. 

Petal  ics,  pi'ti-lcez\  a  group  of  islands  in  the  Channel 
of  Euboea,  near  its  S.  extremity. 

Petaluma,  p6t-a-loo'ma,  a  city  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  is 
on  Petaluma  Creek,  at  the  head  of  navigation,  and  on  the 
San  Francisco  &,  North  Pacific  Railroad,  42  miles  N.  by  W. 
of  San  Francisco,  16  miles  S.  of  Santa  Rosa,  and  about  10 
miles  N.  of  San  Pablo  Bay.  It  contains  6  or  7  churches,  a 
large  gr.aded  school,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  sev- 
eral large  stone  and  brick  warehouses,  4  carriage-shops,  2 
or  3  flouring-mills,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  printing-office 
which  issues  a  daily  and  a  weekly  newspaper.  This  is  the 
most  populous  town  in  the  county.  Steamboats  ply  daily 
between  it  and  San  Francisco.  Wheat,  barley,  dairy-prod- 
ucts, lumber,  and  oats  are  the  chief  articles  of  export. 
Pop.,  including  the  precinct,  4588. 

Petaluma  Creek,  California,  rises  in  Sonoma  co.,  and 
enters  San  Pablo  Bay  10  miles  below  the  town  of  Petalum;!.. 

Petare,  pi-td'rd,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  capital  of  the 
state  of  Bolivar,  10  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Caracas. 

Petchora,  or  Fetschora,  p6tch'o-ri,  a  river  of 
European  Russia,  rises  in  the  Ural  Mountains,  flows  N.W. 
through  the  governments  of  Vologda  and  Archangel,  and 
enters  the  Arctic  Ocean  by  a  wide  estuary  containing  numer- 
ous islands,  about  lat.  68°  N.,  Ion.  between  53°  and  54°  E. 
Total  course,  probably  900  miles.  Its  principal  affluents 
are  the  Izhma  from  the  S.  and  the  Oosa  from  the  E. 

Peteghem,  pd'teh-ghfim',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
East  Flanders,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  2100. 

Peteii,  p4-t§n',  a  lake  and  island  of  Central  America, 
state  and  190  miles  N.  of  Guatemala.  The  lake  is  about  65 
miles  in  circumference,  and  30  fathoms  in  depth.  It  con- 
tains several  islands,  the  principal  of  which,  called  Peten, 
is  steep  and  loftyj     It  was  once  the  seat  of  the  Itza  Indians. 

Pe'ter,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.  Ky. 

Peterborough,  or  Peterburgh,  pee't§r-biir-ruh,  a 
city  and  episcopal  see  of  England,  co.  and  37  miles  N.E. 
of  Northampton,  at  the  junction  of  several  railways,  on 
the  river  Nene.  Pop.  of  city  (1891),  25,172.  Theoathedral 
.is  one  of  the  finest  in  England.    Its  W.  front,  which  forms. 


il 


PET 


2148 


PET 


•  square  150  feot  in  height  nnd  breadth,  oonslsts  of  three 
maj^niHocnt  pointoU  arches,  80  feet  high,  surmounted  by 
petiiuicnts  nnd  pinnacles,  and  flanked  by  turrets  with  spires 
and  pinniioles.  It  is  surruundoJ  by  old  and  interesting 
moDiistio  edifices,  the  ffholo  constituting  a  magnifloent  pile. 
The  parish  church  has  a  beautiful  monument  by  Fliixman. 
The  town  liall,  uiarkct-houso,  infirmary,  union  workhouse, 
jail,  hou!>e  of  correction,  and  a  small  theatre,  are  the  other 
chief  wiitloes.  Corn  and  malt  are  exported  by  the  Nene. 
It  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Petorborough)  pee't^r-bQr-rQh,  a  post-village  in 
Peterborough  township,  Hillsborough  co.,  N.IL,  on  the 
Contoocook  River, and  on  theMonodnock  Railroad, about 33 
miles  S.W.  of  Concord,  and  18  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Keeno. 
It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank, 
6  churches,  and  manufactures  of  cotton  and  woollen  goods 
and  thermometers.     Pop.  of  the  township,  228C. 

Peterborough,  a  post-village  inSmithfield  township, 
Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  3 
churches,  an  academy,  and  an  orphans'  home.     Pop.  368. 

Peterborough,  a  county  near  the  central  part  of  On- 
tario, comprises  an  area  of  2485  square  miles.  It  contains 
numerous  lakes  which  give  rise  to  the  Otonabee  River  and 
many  smaller  streams.  A  railway  connects  its  capital, 
Peterborough,  with  Lake  Ontario  on  the  S.  and  Georgian 
Bay  on  the  N.     Pop.  30,473. 

Peterborough,  a  town  of  Ontario,  capital  of  the  co. 
of  Peterborough,  on  the  navigable  Otonabee  River,  with  a 
station  on  the  Midland  Railway,  31  miles  N.E.  of  Port 
Hope,  and  94  miles  N.E.  of  Toronto.  It  contains,  besides  the 
county  buildings,  6  churches,  4  branch  banks,  2  newspaper 
offices,  about  70  stores,  several  saw-  and  grist-mills,  and 
manufactories  of  iron  castings,  steam-engines,  machinery, 
agricultural  implements,  leather,  woollens,  wooden-ware, 
&o.,  and  has  a  largo  export  trade  in  grain,  pork,  and  lum- 
ber. The  streets  are  well  laid  out  and  lighted  with  gas, 
and  a  handsome  bridge  connects  the  town  with  Ashburn- 
ham,  on  the  opposite  bank  of  the  Otonabee.     Pop.  4611. 

Pe'ter  Botte  (bott)  Mountain,  a  remarkable  pre- 
cipitous rock  in  the  island  of  Mauritius,  in  lat.  20°  12'  S., 
Ion.  67°  37'  E.,  and  2600  feet  in  height. 

Peterburg,  Russia.    See  Saint  PETEnsBuno. 

Peterburgh,  England.    See  Peteuborough. 

Peter  Cave,  a  post-office  of  Martin  co.,  Ky. 

Peter  Da'na's  Point,  an  Indian  village  of  Wash- 
ington CO.,  Me.,  on  Big  Lake,  4  miles  from  Princeton. 

Peterhead,  pee't^r-hSd,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland, 
CO.  and  27  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Aberdeen,  on  the  point 
of  a  flat  rocky  promontory  projecting  into  the  North  Sea, 
in  lat.  57°  30'  1"  N.,  Ion.  1°  46'  0"  W.  Pop.  of  the  town, 
8168;  of  the  municipal  burgh,  11,506.  It  is  regularly  and 
well  built ;  the  houses  are  mostly  of  red  granite.  The  prin- 
cipal public  edifices  are  the  parish  church,  the  town  house, 
and  a  handsome  granite  cross.  It  has  a  scientific  associa- 
tion, chalybeate  springs,  a  valuable  museum,  2  public 
libraries,  and  4  branch  banks.  Its  harbor  is  one  of  the 
best  on  the  E.  coast  of  Scotland.  Rope-making  and  ship- 
building are  carried  on.  The  products  of  the  extensive 
fisheries  of  whale,  seal,  and  herring  form  a  considerable 
portion  of  the  exports,  which  also  comprise  large  quantities 
of  fish,  oil,  and  granite;  the  latter  is  quarried  in  the  vicinity. 
The  burgh  unites  with  Elgin,  BanflF,  Cullen,  Inverary,  and 
Kintore  in  sending  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Peterhof,  pi't^r-hoP,  a  town  of  Russia,  on  the  S. 
shore  of  the  Gulf  of  Finland,  16  miles  by  rail  W.  of  St. 
Petersburg.     Here  is  an  imperial  palace.     Pop.  7875. 

Pcterlingen,  the  German  name  of  Payerxe. 

Pe'ters,  a  station  in  San  Joaquin  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Stockton  <fc  Copperopolis  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Stockton  A  Visalia  Railroad,  15  miles  E.  of  Stockton. 

Peters,  a  township  of  Franklin  co..  Pa.     Pop.  2603. 

Peters,  a  township  of  Washington  co..  Pa.     Pop.  943. 

Peter's,  a  station  of  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad, 
I5i  miles  E.  of  Covington,  Va. 

Pe'tersburg,  a  mining-camp  of  Siskiyou  co.,  Cal., 
100  miles  N.E.  of  Eureka.     Gold  is  mined  near  this  place. 

Petersburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Del.,  about  11 
miles  S.W.  of  Dover. 

Petersburg,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Menard  co.,  HI., 
on  the  Sangamon  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Alton  Rail- 
road where  it  crosses  the  Springfield  &  Northwestern  Rail- 
road, 23  miles  N.W.  of  Springfield,  and  28  miles  N.E.  of 
Jacksonville.  It  has  2  banking-houses,  7  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  bricks,  machinery,  and  woollen  goods.  Two 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.     Pop.  (1890)  2342. 

Petersburg,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co..  111.,  in 
Venedy  township  (nearest  post-office,  Lively  Grove). 


Petersburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pike  co.,  Ind. 
in  Washington  township,  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Vincennoi' 
and  44  miles  N.N.E.  of  Evansville.  It  is  situated  on  elo' 
vated  ground  I  mile  S.  of  the  White  River.  It  hat  ,i 
churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  state  bank,  a  lar^'c  brick 
school-house,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  chairc,  iiIuukIis 
and  furniture.     Pop.  in  1890,  1494. 

Petersburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  Iowa,  about 
35  miles  W.  of  Dubuque.     It  has  a  church. 

Petersburg,  Leavenworth  co.,  Kansas.    See  Lansijio. 

Petersburg,  a  post-village  of  Boone  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  near  the  Ohio  A  Mississippi  Railroad,  25  mile..! 
below  Cincinnati,  and  about  2  miles  from  LawrcncubiirL' 
Ind.  It  has  a  good  landing,  2  churches,  a  flouring-mill,  u 
distillery,  and  manufactures  of  cigars  and  tobacco.    P.  400. 

Petersburg,  a  village  of  Kentucky,  on  the  lino  be- 
tween Christian  and  Hoplcins  cos.,  and  on  the  St.  Louis  A 
Southeastern  Railro.ad,  19  miles  N.  of  Hopkinsvillo.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  hotel.  Coal  is  mined  here.  Pop. 
about  125.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Williams. 

Petersburg,  a  hamlet  of  Webster  co.,  Ky.,  2  milei 
from  the  Evansville  A  Nashville  Railroad. 

Petersburg,  a  post-village  in  Summerfield  township, 
Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  on  Raisin  River,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore 
A  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the 
Canada  Southern  Railroad,  16  miles  E.  of  Adrian,  and  17 
miles  W.  of  Monroe.  It  has  a  graded  school,  3  churches,  a 
money-order  post-office,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  woollen 
goods,  paper-pulp,  and  staves.     Pop.  in  1890,  408. 

Petersburg,  a  post-township  of  Jackson  co.,  Minn., 
about  65  miles  S.W.  of  Mankato,  is  intersected  by  the  Dcs 
Moines  River.  Pop.  167.  Petersburg  Post-Office  is  8 
miles  S.E.  of  Jackson. 

Petersburg,  a  hamlet  of  Boone  co.,  Mo.,  about  32 
miles  N.E.  of  Boonvillo. 

Petersburg,  a  station  in  Cooper  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Boonville  Branch  of  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  12  miles 
S.  of  Boonville, 

Petersburg,  a  post-village  in  Upper  township,  Cnpe 
May  CO.,  N.J.,  3  miles  from  Mount  Pleasant  Station,  which 
is  19  miles  S.E.  of  Millville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  steam 
saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  Ac. 

Petersburg,  a  hamlet  in  Jefferson  township,  Morris 
CO.,  N.J.,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Oak  Ridge  Station.  It  has  a 
grist-mill,  a  distillery,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Petersburg,  a  post-village  in  Petersburg  township, 
Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Harlem  Extension  Railroad,  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Bennington,  Vt.,  and  .about  18  miles  E.  of 
Troy.  It  has  3  churches,  nearly  40  houses,  and  manufiic- 
tures  of  carriages  and  shirts.  'The  township  is  drained  by 
the  Iloosic  River,  and  intersected  by  the  Troy  A  Roston 
Railroad.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1718.  See  also  Noktb 
Petersburg. 

Petersburg,  Ashland  co.,  0.    See  Mippli.v. 

Petersburg,  a  hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  0.,  in  Scioto 
township,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Jackson.  It  has  2  churches. 
Here  is  Weber  Post-Office. 

Petersburg,  a  post-village  in  Springfield  township, 
Mahoning  co.,  0.,  about  15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Youngstown, 
and  12  miles  S.W.  of  New  Castle,  Pa.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
tannery,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  218. 

Petersburg,  Oregon.    See  Looking  Glass. 

Petersburg,  a  post-borough  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Juniata  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Shaver's  Creek,  in 
West  township,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  6  miles 
N.W.  of  Huntingdon.  It  has  3  churches  and  an  iron- 
foundry.     Pop.  381.    See  also  York  Sulphur  Springs. 

Petersburg,  a  village  in  East  Hempfield  township,; 
Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Lancaster  Branch  of  the  llead-i 
ing  A  Columbia  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Lancaster.  It| 
has  4  churches.     Hero  is  East  Hempfield  Post-Office. 

Petersburg,  a  post-borough  in  Penn  township.  Perry 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  at  the 
mouth  of  Sherman's  Creek,  1  mile  below  the  mouth  of  the 
Juniata  River,  and  14  miles  N.W.  of  Harrisburg.  It  con- 
tains 6  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  rolling-mill,  a  nail-: 
factory,  and  manufactures  of  chairs  and  l'arming-tool.''J 
Pop.  960.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Duncannon,  aiiJ 
here  is  Duncannon  Station  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad. 

Petersburg,  Somerset  co..  Pa.    See  Addison. 

Petersburg,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co.,  Tenn.,  12, 
miles  N.  of  Fayetteville,  and  about  60  miles  S.  by  B.  of 
Nashville.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy.  I 

Petersburg,  a  deserted  village  of  Lavaca  co.,  Tex.,  oui 
the  Lavaca  River,  about  9a  miles  S.E.  of  Austin. 

Petersburg,  a  post-village  of  Millard  co.,  Utah,  9( 
,miles  S.  by  W.  of  York  Station.    It  has  a  church. 


PET 


2149 


PET 


.    Soi] 

RBd 


Petersburg,  a  city  and  port  of  entry  of  Dinwiddie  co., 
Va.,  is  situated  on  the  right  or  S.  bank  of  tho  Appomattox 
River,  10  miles  from  its  mouth,  23  miles  S.  of  Richmond, 
and  81  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Norfolk.  Lat.  37°  14'  N. ;  Ion. 
77°  21'  W.  It  is  the  third  city  of  the  state  in  population. 
It  is  on  tho  Atlantic,  Mississippi  <fc  Oliio  Railroad,  and  is 
the  N.  terminus  of  tho  Petersburg  Railroad,  which  connects 
here  with  the  Richmond  <fc  Petersburg  Railroad.  Another 
railroad  extends  from  this  place  to  City  Point  on  the  James 
River.  Vessels  of  100  tons  can  ascend  the  Appomattox  to 
Petersburg,  and  larger  vessels  discharge  their  cargoes  at 
City  Point  or  Port  Walthall.  Tobacco  is  tho  chief  article 
of  export.  Petersburg  contains  16  churches,  3  national 
banks,  a  custom-house,  a  public  library,  tho  Southern 
Female  College,  the  Petersburg  Female  College,  and  print- 
ing-offices which  issue  2  daily  and  2  or  3  weekly  news- 
papers. It  has  also  several  cotton-factories,  flouring-mills, 
gas-works,  2  iron-foundries,  a  paper-mill,  several  machine- 
shops,  and  numerous  tobacco-factories.  The  falls  of  the 
river,  which  arrest  the  ascent  of  the  tide  immediately 
above  this  city,  furnish  extensive  water-power.  Pop.  in 
1S70,  18,950;  in  1880,  21,656;  in  18'JO,  22,680. 

Petersburg,  a  post-village  of  Grant  co.,  W,  Va.,  on 
the  South  Branch  of  tho  Potomac  River,  40  miles  S.  of 
Keyser.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  woollen-factory. 

Petersburg,  a  hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Wis.,  on  Kick- 
apoo  River,  16  mil^s  N.W.  of  Boscobol.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  flour-mill. 

Petersburg,  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  68  miles  W.  of  Toronto.  It 
has  a  tannery,  2  stores,  and  2  hotels.     Pop.  150. 

Petersburg,  Ontario.    See  Humbeustone. 

Peter's  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Stokes  co.,  N.C., 
40  miles  N.  of  Salem,  is  drained  by  the  Dan  River.  It  has 
2  churches.     Pop.  1491. 

Peter's  Creek,  Pennsylvania.    See  Peach  Bottom. 

Peter's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Patrick  co.,  Va. 

Pe'terslield,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Hants,  17  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Portsmouth,  at  a  railway  junction.  Pop.  of  the 
town,  1587;  of  the  borough,  6104. 

Petershagen,  pi't§rs-hi'Gh?n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Westphalia,  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Minden,  on  the  Weser. 

Pe'tersham,  a  post-village  in  Petersham  township, 
Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  9  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Athol,  and  about 
28  miles  N.W.  of  Worcester.  It  has  3  churches,  the  High- 
land Institute,  and  a  manufactory  of  powder-kegs.  Pop. 
of  tho  township,  1203. 

Pe'ter's  Island,  an  island  in  the  South  Pacific,  in  lat, 
68°  67'  S.,  Ion.  90°  46'  W. 

Peters  Islands,  two  small  islands  on  the  S.  coast  of 
Australia,  in  lat.  32°  21'  S.,  Ion.  133°  39'  E. 

Peter's  Land'ing,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  Tenn., 
on  tho  Tennessee  River. 
;-,  Pe'ter's  Mount'tiin,  in  Virginia,  is  situated  on  the 

undary  between  Monroe  and  Giles  cos. 

Pe'terson,  a  post-hamlet  in  Clay  township,  Clay  co., 

iwa,  on  the  Little  Sioux  River,  about  74  miles  W.N.W.  of 
'ort  Dodge.     It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Peterson,  a  township  of  Emmett  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  216. 

Peterson,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rushford  township,  Fill- 
more CO.,  Minn.,  on  Root  River,  and  on  tho  Southern  Min- 
nesota Railroad,  40  miles  W.  of  La  Crosse,  Wis.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Peterson,  a  post-office  of  Cuming  co..  Neb. 

Peterson,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  Utah,  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Ogden. 

Peterson's,  a  station  in  Santa  Clara  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
South  Pacific  Railroad,  2  miles  S.  of  San  Jose. 

Peterson's,  a  station  in  Miami  co.,  0.,  on  the  Dayton 

Michigan  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Piqua. 

Peterson's  Point,  a  post-office  of  Chehalis  co..  Wash, 

Peter's  Road,  a  post-village  in    Kings  co.,  Prince 

iward  Island,  10  miles  from  Georgetown.  It  contains  a 
hotel,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  200. 

Peters- Swift,  Hanover.     See  Nohtiiex. 

Petersthal,  pi't§rs-t:\l\  a  village  of  Baden,  circle  of 

iddle  Rhine,  13  miles  E'.  of  Offenburg.     Pop.  1583. 

Pe'terstown,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  AV.  Va.,  on 
ich  Creek,  near  New  River,  23  miles  S.  of  Talcott  Station. 

has  several  tanneries  and  2  churches. 

Pe'tersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bartholomew  oo.,  Ind., 

Clay  township,  6  miles  E.  of  Columbus,  It  has  a  church. 

Petersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  Ky.,  14  miles 

i  of  Johnson  Junction.     It  has  2  stores  and  a  grist-mill. 

Petersville,  a  post-village  of  Frederick  co.,  Md,,  2 

iles  from  the  Potomac  River,  and  about  13  miles  S,W,  of 
■Frederick.     Pop.  159, 


Petersville,  Butler  co.,  Pa.    See  Conoqtjenkssino. 

Petersville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Lehigh  township,  North- 
ampton CO.,  Pa.,  about  12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Allentown.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  <fec.     Pop.  75. 

Petersville,  a  hamlet  of  Oconto  co..  Wis.,  3  miles  from 
Little  Suamico.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Pe'tersville,  a  post-village  and  suburb  of  London, 
Ontario,  on  a  branch  of  the  river  Thames,  opposite  tho  foot 
of  Lichfield  street.  Blackfriars'  bridge  connects  it  with 
the  city.     Pop.  400. 

Petersville,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co.,  New  Bruns- 
wick, 10  miles  from  Welsford.  It  contains  6  stores  and  2 
saw-mills.     Pop.  200. 

Peterswald,  p4't?rs-^ilt\  or  Petersw^alde,  pi'- 
t^rs-^Ard^h,  a  frontier  village  of  Bohemia,  20  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Leitmeritz,  in  the  Erzgebirge.     Pop.  2607. 

Peterswaldau,  p4't?rs-*ird6w,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Silesia,  32  miles  S.W.  of  Breslau.  Pop.  of  Mittel  Peters- 
waldau, 4068;  of  Ober  and  Unter  Peterswaldau,  3147. 

Peter  the  Great  Bay,  a  wide  inlet  of  the  Sea  of 
Japan,  on  the  coast  of  Russian  Manchooria,  in  lat.  42°  30' 
N.,  Ion.  132°  E.,  formerly  named  Victoria  Bay.  It  is  di- 
vided into  two  nearly  equal  arms  by  the  Mouravieif-Amur- 
sky  promontory  and  the  Russian  Island,  which  are  sepa- 
rated from  each  other  by  a  channel  called  the  Eastern  Bos- 
phorus.  This  promontory  and  island,  forming  a  spit  of 
land  30  miles  long  and  5  miles  broad,  project  from  the 
mainland  in  a  S.W.  direction,  and  divide  the  bay  into  two 
narrow  inlets,  Amoor  Bay  on  the  W.  and  Oosooree  Bay  on 
the  E.  These  sub-inlets  are  about  30  miles  in  length  and 
10  miles  wide. 

Pe'terton,  a  post-village  of  Osago  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Bur- 
lingame. 

Peterwardein,  pee't9r-war'dlne  (Ger.  pron.  pi't?r- 
^an'dine),  or  Varadin,  vi'rl-din^  or  vi'ri-deen*  (Hun, 
Petervar,  piHiRVan'),  the  capital  town  of  Slavonia,  and 
the  strongest  fortress  on  the  Danube,  is  situated  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Danube,  opposite  Neusatz.  Pop.,  with 
suburbs,  4022.  It  derives  its  present  name  from  Peter  the 
Hermit,  who  here  marshalled  the  first  Crusade. 

Peth,  a  village  of  Great  Valley  township,  Cattaraugus 
CO.,  N.Y.,  4  miles  N.  of  Great  Valley  Station,  It  has  man- 
ufactures of  shingles,  handles,  and  dowels. 

Peth'erton,  a  post-village  in  Wellington  co.,  Ontario, 
3  miles  N.W.  of  Arthur.     Pop.  130. 

Peth'erton,  Nouth  and  South,  two  towns  of  England, 
CO.  of  Somerset,  respectively  7i  miles  N.E.  and  14  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Taunton.  Pop.  of  North  Petherton,  3985;  of 
South  Petherton,  2085. 

Petic,  a  town  of  Mexico.    See  Pitic. 

Petina,  pA-tee'n4,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Sa- 
lerno, S.E.  of  Campagna,  near  Mount  Alburno.    Pop.  1907. 

P^tionville,  piHe-6N»'veer,  a  town  of  Hayti,  8  miles 
E.  of  Port-au-Prince, 

Petit  Bourg,  p^h-tee'  boon,  a  town  of  the  French 
Antilles,  in  the  island  of  Guadeloupe,  6  miles  W.S.W.  of 
La  Pointe-a-P!tre.     Pop.  3704. 

Petit  Caillou  Bayou,  p^h-tee'  k&h'yoo'  bl'oo,  a 
small  stream  of  Terre  Bonne  parish.  La.,  flows  S.  into  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico.     It  is  bordered  by  sugar-plantations. 

Petit-Canal,  p§h-tec'-kJ.'nil',  a  town  of  the  island  of 
Guadeloupe,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Moule.     Pop.  6153. 

Petitcodiac,  p^h-tee'ko'de-ak',  a  post-village  in  AVest- 
morcland  co..  New  Brunswick,  on  the  Petitcodiac  River, 
and  on  a  railway,  66  miles  N.  of  St.  John.  It  contains  2 
churches,  2  eaw-mills,  2  stores,  2  hotels,  and  a  public  hall. 
Pop.  400. 

Petite  Anse,  p?h-teet'  inss,  a  small  island  of  Iberia 
parish.  La.,  in  a  marsh  near  Vermilion  Bay,  10  miles  S. 
of  New  Iberia.  It  has  a  remarkable  mine  of  good  rock 
salt,  with  a  steamboat-landing  connected  with  the  mine  by 
a  railway. 

Petite  Cote,  p?h-teet'  kot,  a  settlement  in  Iloehelaga 
CO.,  Quebec,  at  the  head  of  the  Papineau  road,  2  miles 
from  Montreal.  Here  are  e.xtensive  limestone-quarries. 
Pop.  300. 

Petite  de  Grat,  p?h-teet'  d§h  gri,  a  post-village  in 
Richmond  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  S.  shore  of  Isle  Madame, 
3  miles  from  Arichat,     Pop,  350. 

Petite  Isle,  p§h-teet'  eel,  in  the  river  Yamaska,  a  lit- 
tle above  the  S.  point  of  Isle  St.  Jean,  Quebec. 

Petit-Enghien,  p9h-teet'-6N<''ghe-4N»',  a  village  of 
Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  17  miles  N.N.E.  of  Mons.   Pop.  1800. 

Petite  {p§h-teet')  Pas'sage,  or  Tiv'erton,  a  post- 
village  in  Digby  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  Long  Island,  30  miles 
from  Digby.     Pop.  200.     Here  is  a  light-house. 


PET 


2150 


PET 


Petite-Pierre,  La,  Al*a««.    Se«  La  PeTiTB-PiEnnB. 

Petite  Prairie,  p^b-toet'  pr&'r«e,  a  pott-offioe  of  St. 
Lnniiry  |>iiriNh,  Liv. 

Petite  Kivi^re  (p?h-teet'r«*Te-alr')  Bridge,  a  po«t- 
nettloinont  in  Lunenburg  oo.,  Nova  Sootia,  2U  luilos  fruiu 
Uri.lgelown.     Pop.  600. 

Petit  Jean  (Fr.  pron.  p^h-tee'  zh&K»),  a  post-hamlct 
of  Yell  00.,  Ark.,  16  miles  S.  of  Dardanello.  It  bus  a 
ohuroh,  a  flour-iiiill,  and  a  Raw-mill. 

Petit  Jenii  lliver,  Arkun^ag,  rises  in  Sebastian  oo., 
runs  eastward  through  the  cos.  of  Logan  and  Yell,  ond 
enters  the  Arkansas  liivor  about  12  miles  above  Lowisburg. 
It  is  about  125  miles  long. 

Petit  (pfh-teef)  Me'tis,  a  poet-rillage  in  Rimouski 
eo.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  1  mile  W.  of  Metis. 
Pop.  160. 

Petit  Qiievilly,  Lk,  Fmnce.    See  Le  Petit Quevilly. 

Petlniid,  p^t-lawd',  or  Pitlaud,  pjt-lawd',  a  town  of 
India,  presidency  of  Bombay,  20  miles  a.E.  of  Kaira.  Lat. 
22°  H2'  N. ;  Ion.  72°  67'  K. 

Peto,  pi'to,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  Campeachy,  70  miles 
6.E.  of  Merida.     It  is  well  built,  and  has  a  monastery. 

Petoone,  pi-too'ni,  or  lledoune,  bA-doo'ni,  a  town 
of  Manchooria,  on  the  Soongareo,  130  miles  N.N.W.  of  Kirin 
Oola.     It  is  garrisoned  by  Tartar  troops. 

Petorca,  pd-tor'k&,  a  town  of  Chili,  province  of  Acon- 
cagua, 85  miles  N.B.  of  Valparaiso.     Pop.  2192. 

Petos'liey,  a  post-village  in  Bear  Creek  township, 
Emmett  CO.,  Mich.,  on  Little  Traverse  Bay  of  Lako  Michi- 
gan, at  the  N.  terminus  of  the  Grand  llapids  &  Indiana 
llailroad,  122  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Reed  City,  and  about  60 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Traverse  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  planing-mill,  and  manufactures  of  lime  and 
lumber.  Pop.  in  1890,  2872.  Bear  lliver  here  affords  much 
water-power. 

Petovio,  PtEtOvio,  ancient  names  of  Pettad. 

Pe'tra  (the  Sela  or  Selah  and  Joktheel  of  Scripture),  a 
ruined  city  of  Arabia  Petraoa,  in  the  Wady  Moosa.  Lat. 
about  .30°  15'  N.;  Ion.  35°  35'  E. 

Petra,  p&'tr&,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Majorca,  23  miles 
E.  of  Pahua,     Pop.  1898. 

Pe'tra,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saline  co..  Mo.,  30  miles  N.W. 
of  Boonville,  and  5  miles  S.W.  of  the  Missouri  River. 

Petralia,  pi-tr&'le-&  (Sotana, so-ti'ni,  "Lower,"  and 
SopRAXA,  so-pii'ni,  "  Upper"),  two  contiguous  towns  of 
Sicily,  province  of  Palermo,  18  miles  S.  of  Cefali.  Pop.  of 
Sotana  Petralia,  5232;  of  Soprana  Petralia,  5885. 

Pe'tra  Mills,  a  post-oflBce  of  Caldwell  co.,  N.C.,  8  miles 
N.W.  of  Hickory  (Catawba  co.). 

Petre'a,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  0.,  on  the  Marietta 
k  Cincinnati  Railroad,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Jackson. 

Petrel,  pi-trfil',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Valencia, 
24  miles  N.W.  of  Alicante.     Pop.  2295. 

Petrella,  pi-tr5l'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  9 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Campobasso.     Pop.  2930. 

Pctriburgum,  a  Latin  name  for  Saint  Petersbuug. 

Petrie's  (pee'triz)  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis 
CO.,  N.Y.,  6  miles  E.  of  Lowville.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Petrikau,  p4'tre-k5w\  or  Piotrlcow,  pe-otr'kov,  a 
town  of  Poland,  76  miles  E.S.E.  of  Kalisz,  on  the  Strada, 
and  on  the  railway  from  Warsaw  to  Radomsk,  90  miles 
from  Warsaw.  It  has  a  castle,  formerly  a  residence  of  the 
Polish  kings.     Pop.  in  1884,  24,840. 

Petrikau,  or  Piotrkow,  a  government  of  Russian 
Poland,  bounded  on  the  W..  in  part,  by  Prussia.  Area, 
4729  square  miles.     Capital,  Petrikau.     Pop.  682,495. 

Petrinia,  pA-tree'ne-i,  a  town  of  Croatia,  on  the 
Kulpa,  29  miles  S.S.E.  of  Agram.     Pop.  3766. 

Petrocorii,  an  ancient  name  of  Pkrigord. 

Petroleum,  pe-tro'le-um,  a  hamlet  of  Ritchie  co.,  W. 
Va.,  on  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  22  miles  E.  of 
Parkersburg.  It  has  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  an  oil- 
refinery.     Pop.  75.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Rogers. 

Petroleum  Centre,  a  post-town  in  Cornplanter  town- 
ship, Venango  co..  Pa.,  on  Oil  Creek,  and  on  the  Oil  Creek  & 
Alleghany  River  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Oil  City,  and  10 
miles  S.  of  Titusville.  It  is  mainly  supported  by  opera- 
tions in  oil,  which  abounds  here.     It  has  2  churches. 

Petrol  ia,  pe-tro'le-a,  a  post- village  of  Humboldt  co., 
Cal.,  on  the  Mattole  River,  about  40  miles  S.  of  Eureka. 
It  has  a  church  and  several  stores. 

Petrolia,  a  post-borough  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  in  the 
Modoc  oil  district,  and  on  the  Parker  <fc  Karns  City  Rail- 
road (Argyle  Station),  2  miles  from  Karns  City,  and  about 
40  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank, 
machine-shops,  oil-wells,  an  oil  exchange,  manufactures  of 
boilers,  valve-cups,  <fec.     Pop.  in  1890,  546. 


Petrolia,  pe-tro'le-^a  village  of  Ontario,  eo.  of  ]<mnh 
ton,  situated  on  Bear  Creek,  in  the  heart  of  the  oil  rvgioni', 
with  a  station  on  the  Ureal  Western  Railway,  50  milci 
S.W.  of  London.  It  contains  over  100  putroleum-wellt 
producing  8000  to  10,000  barrels  weekly,  and  8  large  ro- 
ilneries;  also  saw-  and  grist-mills,  a  number  of  stores,  and 
2  printing-offices  issuing  weekly  news)>aper8.     Pop.  2051. 

Petropaulovsk,  pd-tro-pdw-lovsk',  a  town  of  Asiatie 
Rusoia,  government  of  AkmoUinsk,  on  the  Ivhiin,  20U 
miles  S.  of  Tobolsk.  Pop.  11,406.  It  was  nearly  destroyed 
by  fire  in  1879. 

Petropaulovski,  pi-tro-p5w-lov'skee,  or  Petro 
paulsliafcn,  p&.-tro-p6wls'h&-f^n,  the  capital  town  ut 
Kamchatka,  on  its  £.  ooast,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  Bay  of 
Avatcha,  in  lat.  53°  0'  27"  N.,  Ion.  158°  40'  12"  E.  lu 
port  is  small,  and  it  has  479  inhabitants,  but  it  is  the  prin- 
cipal Russian  military  station  in  this  region. 

Petrop'olis  (Port.  pron.  pi-tro-po-leess'),  a  town  of 
Brazil,  province  and  25  miles  N.  of  Rio  Janeiro  by  ferry 
and  railway.  It  has  a  summer-palace  of  the  emperor,  and 
2  miles  distant  is  the  Petropolitan  cotton-factory,  with 
power  derivetl  from  a  waterfall  250  feet  high.  Many  of 
the  people  of  Potropolis  are  Germans. 

Petrovacz,  pA'troS-its',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  and 
17  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bdcs.     Pop.  6902. 

Petrovitch,  or  Petrowitsch,  pi'tro-*itch*,  a  town 
of  European  Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  35. miles  N  W.  of  Seres, 
near  the  Radovitz,  an  affluent  of  the  Struma.  It  is  encloMd 
by  a  brick  wall  flanked  with  towers,  and  has  about  1200 
houses,  and  a  trade  in  tobacco. 

Petrovka,  pi-trov'ki,  a  market-town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment and  87  miles  S.E.  of  Voronezh.     Pop.  about  1600. 

Petrovoszelo,  piHroVos^sA'lo*,  a  village  of  Hungary, 
4  miles  from  0  Becse.     Pop.  6682. 

Petrovsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Daghestan,  on  the  W. 
shore  of  the  Caspian,  70  miles  N.N.W.  of  Dorbend.    P.  4263. 

Petrovsk,  or  Petrowsk,  pd,-trovgk',  a  town  of  Rus- 
sia, government  and  08  miles  N.N.W.  of  Saratov,  on  the 
Medvieditza.  Pop.  10,771.  It  was  founded  by  Peter  the 
Groat,  in  1697,  and  has  a  citadel,  an  ancient  and  ruined 
fortress,  and  trade  in  corn. 

Petrovsk,  or  Petrowsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment and  52  miles  S.S.W.  of  Yaroslav.     Pop.  1574. 

Petrovskaia,  p^-trov-ski'&,  or  ButurlinoTka,boo- 
tooR-le-nov'kS.,  a  market-town  and  fort  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment of  Voronezh,  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bobrov.     Pop.  1700. 

Petrovskaia,  a  market-town  and  fort  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment and  63  miles  S.W.  of  Voronezh. 

Petrovskoi,  pi-trov'skoi,  is  the  name  of  petty  ploots 
in  Russia,  governments  of  Viatka  and  Moscow. 

Petrovskoi- Ostrov,  pd-trov'skoi-os-trov',  an  island 
in  the  Neva,  near  St.  Petersburg,  where  Peter  the  Great 
had  a  residence. 

Petrozavodsk,  p&.-tro-z3,-vodsk',  a  town  of  Russia, 
capital  of  the  government  of  Olonets,  on  the  Lake  of  Onega, 
185  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Petersburg.  Pop.  10,901.  It  has  two 
docks  for  large  vessels,  an  extensive  cannon-foundry, 
powder-mills,  and  manufactures  of  silks. 

Pets,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  FDnfkirchen. 

Petschora,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Petchora. 

Petsh,  pfitch,  Ipeick,  or  Ipck,  ee-pik',  a  town  rtf 
European  'Turkey,  in  Albania,  73  miles  E.N.E.  of  Scutari, 
on  a  oranoh  of  the  Drin.     Pop.  12,000,  mostly  Turks. 

Pet  Strait,  a  narrow  pass.nge  between  the  W.N.W.  ex- 
trcmity  of  Siberia  and  the  island  of  Vaigats.  It  is  often 
designated  Jugor  Strait. 

Pettan,  pet'tSw  (ano.  Peto'vio  or  Poelo'vio),  a,  town  of 
Styria,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Marburg,  on  the  Drave.     P.  2361. 

Pettigoe,  p5t'te-goo',  a  village  of  Ireland,  near  Lough 
Erne,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Donegal.     Pop.  525. 

Pettinengo,  pfit-te-ndn'go,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Pied- 
mont, 4  miles  N.E.  of  Biella.     Pop.  2305. 

Pet'tis,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Missouri, 
has  an  area  of  about  668  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
Flat  and  Muddy  Creeks,  branches  of  the  La  Mine  River, 
which  touches  the  N.E.  border  of  the  county.  The  north- 
west part  is  traversed  by  Black  River.  The  surface  ia 
diversified  with  undulating  prairies,  and  forests  of  the 
white  oak,  hickory,  elm,  ash,  black  walnut,  wild  cherry, 
<fec.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oat?,  cattle, 
hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has 
extensive  beds  of  coal  and  carboniferous  limestone.  Lower 
Silurian  limestone  also  crops  out  in  it.  It  is  intersected  by 
several  branches  of  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad  and  by 
the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  which  meet  at  Se- 
dalia,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  18,706;  in  1880,  27,271; 
in  1890,  31,151. 


PET 


2V51 


PFO 


m 


Pettis,  a  township  of  Adair  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1041. 

Pettis,  a  township  of  Platte  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  3943.  It 
contains  Hampton. 

Pettis,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  in  East 
Fairfield  township,  2i  miles  from  Shaw's  Landing,  which  is 
6  miles  S.  of  Meadville.     It  has  a  church. 

Pet'tisvilic,  a  post-village  of  Fulton  co.  0.,  on  the 
Lake  Shore  Railroad,  35  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Toledo.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Pettit,  a  post-offico  of  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind.,  about  10 
jiiles  B.  of  Lafaj'ctte. 

Pettorano,  p5t-to-r3,'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Vquila,  5  miles  S.S.B.  of  Suli-iona.     Pop.  4190. 

Pettorano,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  19  miles  W. 
cf  Campobasso.     Pop.  1337. 

Pet'tusviile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Limestone  co.,  Ala., 
about  27  miles  N.AV.  of  Huntsville.     It  has  a  church. 

Pet'ty,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  III.     Pop.  1591. 

Petty  Harbor,  a  largo  fishing  settlement  in  New- 
foundland, 10  miles  S.  of  St.  John's.     Pop.  900. 

Pet'ty  Shore,  a  post-liamlet  of  Hertford  co.,  N.C.,  on 
Chowan  River,  about  15  miles  below  Winton. 

Petty's  Island.    See  Treaty  Island. 

Pet'tysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Eel  River  Railroad,  24  miles  E.N.E.  of  Logansport. 

Pettysvilie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  Mich., 
about  48  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Detroit. 

Pettysvilie,  a  post-oftice  of  Umatilla  co.,  Oregon. 

Pettyville,  a  post-office  of  San  Pete  co.,  Utah. 

Pctuna,  pi-too'ni,  a  town  of  Manchooria,  50  miles  W. 
of  A-She-Hoh,  near  the  river  Soongaree.     Pop.  30,000. 

Pet'worth,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Sussex,  13  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Chichester.     Pop.  of  the  town,  2214. 

Pet'worth,  a  post-village  in  Addington  co.,  Ontario, 
kt  the  head  of  the  river  Napanee,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Napa- 
nee.    Pop.  200. 

Petzka,  pdts'Ki,  Petska,  orPecska,  p5tch'k6h\  a 
town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Arad,  51  miles  E.S.E.  of  Szogedin. 
Pop.  14,026.  It  consists  of  two  separate  places,  llatz- 
Petzka  and  Magyar-Petzka,  which  export  wine  and  fruit. 

Pevely,  peev'le,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Mo.,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain 
±  Southern  Railroad,  27  miles  S.  by  W.  of  St.  Louis.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  wagon -factory. 

Pev'ensey,  a  small  seaport  of  England,  co.  of  Susses, 
With  a  station  on  the  South  Coast  Railway,  10  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Hastings.     Here  are  the  ruins  of  a  castle. 

Peveragno,  pi-v4-r4n'yo,  a  town  of  North  Italy,  in 
Piedmont,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Coni.     Pop.  6723. 

Pev'eril,  a  post-village  in  Vaudreuil  co.,  Quebec,  12 
miles  from  Coteau  Station.     Pop.  100. 

Pewabic  (pe-waw'bik)  Mine,  a  village  in  Franklin 
township,  Houghton  co.,  Mich.,  i  mile  from  Franklin  Sta- 
tion.    It  has  a  church.     Copper  is  found  here. 

Pewamo,  pe-waw'mo,  a  post-village  in  Lyons  town- 
iBhip,  Ionia  co.,  Mich.,  on  Maple  River,  and  on  the  Detroit 
&  Milwaukee  Railroad,  46  miles  E.  of  Grand  Rapids,  and 
125  miles  N.W.  of  Lansing.  It  has  a  graded  school,  3 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber.     P.  500. 

Pewaugonee  River,  AVisconsin.    See  Wolf  Riveu. 

Pewaukee,  pc-waw'kee,  a  post-village  of  Waukesha 
CO.,  Wis.,  in  a  township  of  its  own  name,  at  the  foot  or  E. 
;end  of  Pewaukee  Lake,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  & 
'St.  Paul  Railroad,  19  miles  W.  of  Milwaukee,  and  5  or  6 
|inile8  N.  of  Waukesha.  It  has  a  town  hall,  4  churches,  a 
■liigli  school,  a  cheese-factory,  a  flour-mill,  and  manufac- 
:ures  of  carriages,  <fcc.     Pop.  (1890)  680  ;  of  township,  2757. 

Pewaukee  Lake,  Wisconsin,  is  in  Waukesha  co., 
ut  5  miles  N.W.  of  AVaukesha.  It  is  nearly  5  miles 
g.    A  short  outlet  connects  it  with  Fox  River. 

Pe'wee  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Oldham  co.,  Ky.,  on 
he  Louisville,  Cincinnati  &  Lexington  Railroad,  16  miles 
N^.E.  of  Louisville.  It  has  3  churches  and  the  Kentucky 
College  for  young  ladies.  Many  citizens  of  Louisville  have 
iountry-seats  here.     Pop.  400.    See  Pee  Wee  Pahk. 

Pe-Yan,  pi-yin',  a  snow-covered  mountain  of  China, 
irovince  of  Se-Chuen,  in  lat.  30°  5'  N.,  Ion.  102°  32'  E. 

Peyrat,  pi'ri',  a  village  of  France,  Haute- Vienne,  23 
niles  E.  of  Limoges.     Pop.  913. 

Peyrat,  a  village  of  France,  Haute- Vienne,  2  miles 
^.N.W.  of  Bellac.     Pop.  1308. 

Peyrat,  a  village  of  France,  Creuse,  10  miles  N.E.  of 
Ubusson.     Pop.  1680. 

Peyrehorade,  pdn'oVid',  a  town  of  France,  Landes, 
n  the  Gave  de  Pau,  38  miles  S.W.  of  Mont-de-Marsan. 

Peyrelevade,  pinM^h-vid',  a  village  of  France,  Cor- 
bie, near  the  Vienne.     Pop.  283. 


Peyrestortes,  pinHont',  a  village  of  France,  Pyrfi- 
nees-Orientales,  4  miles  N.AV.  of  Perpignan. 

Peyriac  de  Mer,  pi*re-S.k'  d^h  main,  a  village  of 
France,  Aude,  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Narbonne.     Pop.  967. 

Peyriac-Minervois,  pi're-ik'-mee'n^RS'wd',  a  town 
of  France,  Aude,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Carcassonne.    Pop.  1288. 

Peyrins,  pd,Vis»',  a  village  of  France,  Drome,  12  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Valence.     Pop.  690. 

Peyruis,  pi'Rwoe',  a  market-town  of  France,  Basses- 
Alpes,  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Digne.     Pop.  811. 

Peyrus,  pdVUss',  a  village  of  France,  Drome,  10  miles 
E.  of  Valence.     Pop.  807. 

Peyrusse,  pA'riiss',  a  town  of  France,  Aveyron,  11 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Villcfranche.     Pop.  981. 

Peystcr,  Pacific  Ocean.     See  Depevster  Islands 

Peyton,  pa'ton,  a  post-office  of  Falls  co.,  Tex. 

Peytona,  pa-to'na,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Ky. 

Peytona,  a  post-office  of  Boone  co.,  W,  Va. 

Peytonia,  pa-to'ne-a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  Mo.,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Montgomery  City. 

Peytonsburg,  pa't^nz-biirg,  a  post-office  of  Cumber- 
land CO.,  Kj'. 

Peytonsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va., 
145  miles  S.W.  of  Richmond.     It  has  a  church. 

Peytonsville,  pa't9nz-vll,  a  post-office  of  Little  River 
CO.,  Ark. 

Peytonsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Williamson  eo.,  Tenn., 
9  miles  S.E.  of  Franklin.     It  has  a  church. 

Peytun,  piHun',  or  Puttum,  put-tum',  a  town  of  In- 
dia, on  the  Godavery,  30  miles  S.  of  Aurungabad. 

Peza,  pi'zi,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  government 
of  Archangel,  about  lat.  65°  N.  and  Ion.  50°  E.,  flows 
E.S.E.,  and  joins  the  Mezen.     Total  course,  140  miles 

Peza,  La,  a  town  of  Spain.     See  Lapeza. 

P^zenas,  pi^z^'ni'  (anc.  Picinmf),  a  town  of  France, 
in  Hcrairit,  30  miles  S.AV.  of  Montpellicr,  near  the  right 
bank  of  the  Herault.  Pop.  7570.  It  has  a  communal  col- 
lege, and  manufactures  of  chemical  products,  wine,  woollen 
goods,  oil,  hats,  Ac. 

Pezo-da-Regoa,  Portugal.    See  Regoa. 

Pczzana,  p6t-si'nl,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Novara,  S.  of  Vercelli.     Pop.  2590. 

Pezzase,  pdt-si'sA,  or  Pezaso,  pdd-zil'so,  a  village 
of  Italy,  province  and  12  miles  N.W.  of  Brescia.    P.  1700. 

Pfatfenheim,  pfaf'f(;n-hirae^  (Fr.  pron.  fiffdn'^m'), 
a  town  of  Alsace,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Colmar.     Pop.  1665. 

Pfaffenhofen,  pfif'fen-ho'f^n  (Fr.  pron.  fiffin^'- 
f6N»'),  a  market-town  of  Alsace-Lorraine,  on  the  Moder,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Zabern.     Pop.  1459. 

Pfaffenhofen,  a  town  of  Upper  Bavaria,  on  the  Ilm, 
28  miles  N.  of  Munich.     Pop.  2448. 

Pfaffers,  Switzerland.     See  Pfeffers. 

Prntfikon,  pfif'fe-kon^  Pfeffiken,  pf8f'fe-k?n, 
Pfefiikon,  or  Pfatfiken,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton and  11  miles  E.  of  Zurich,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  small 
lake  of  Pfaffikon.     Pop.  2755. 

Pfatfuau,  pfiff'now,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  24  miles  N.W.  of  Lucerne.     Pop.  1762. 

Pfalz,  an  old  division  of  Germany.    See  Palatinate. 

Pfalzburg,  pfilts'booRO  (Fr.  Phalshourr;,  fdls'booR'), 
a  town  of  Germany,  in  Lorraine,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Zabern. 
Pop.  2425  ;  or,  with  adjacent  villages,  3857. 

Pfalzdorf,  pfdlts'doRf,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  44 
miles  N.AV.  of  Dusseldorf.     Pop.  2471. 

Pfalzel,  pfilt's^l,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  3  miles 
N.  of  Treves,  on  the  Moselle.     Pop.  1944. 

Pfarrkirch,  pfau'kiRK,  or  Pfarrkirchen,  pfan'- 
keoRK^n,  a  market-town  of  Lower  Bavaria,  26  miles 
AV.S.W.  of  Passau.     Pop.  2235. 

Pfeddersheim,  pfWd^rs-hime*,  a  town  of  Hesse,  in 
Rhein-Hessen,  4  miles  W.N.W.  of  Worms.     Pop.  1884. 

Pfeffers,  Pfaffers,  pf8f'f§rs,  or  PvSvers,  pvd'v^rs, 
a  watering-place  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  St.  Gall,  5  miles 
S.E.  of  Sargans.  The  waters  have  a  temperature  of  98° 
Fahrenheit,  and  the  place  is  much  frequented.  On  an  ad- 
jacent height  is  a  Benedictine  monastery. 

Pfeffiken,  or  Pfeffikon.    See  Pfaffikon. 

Pforing,  pfo'ring,  a  market-town  of  Bavaria,  circle  of 
Upper  Palatinate,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Danube,  13  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Ingolstadt.     Pop.  1078. 

Pforte,  pfoR'teh,  or  Schulpforte,  shool'pfonHeb,  a 
village  of  Prussia,  province  of  Saxony,  18  miles  S.AV.  of 
Merseburg,  with  a  celebrated  school,  at  which  about  200 
scholars  are  maintained  and  educated  gratuitously.    P.  462. 

Pforzheim,  pfonts'hime  (anc.  Por'ta  Hercin'ia'?),  an 
ancient  city  of  the  grand  duchy  of  B.aden,  at  the  confluenca 
of  the  Enz  and  Nagold,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Carlsruhe.    Pop. 


PFO 


2152 


PIII 


27,207.  The  eity  has  a  castle  and  a  fine  ohuroh,  with  old 
g^and-diical  vaults  and  sevorablo  oharitablo  institutions.  It 
is  the  principal  luanufncturing  town  ut°  the  grand  duchy, 
having  miiniifaoturos  of  jewelry  employing  i)OU  han<l.-<,  and 
of  woollen  oloth,  leather,  and  cbomioal  products,  with  cop- 
per- and  iron-forges,  and  trade  in  timber,  oil,  and  wine. 

Pfout'8  (fOwtx)  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co., 
Pa.,  30  miles  N.  by  W.  of  llarrisourg.     It  has  a  church. 

Pfreimt,  or  Pfreimdt,  pfrlmt,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  10 
miles  E.N.H.  of  Amborg.     Pop.  1346. 

Prullciidorf,  pfOdrifn-doRf,  a  town  of  Baden,  on 
Lake  Ilmcn,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Constance.     Pop.  2331. 

Pfulliiigen,  pfdtSriing-fn,  a  town  of  Wiirtomberg, 
circle  of  Black  Forest,  on  the  Echaz,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Ueut- 
lingen.  Pop.  452S,  mostly  employed  in  paper-mills  and 
brush-factorios  and  in  the  cultivation  of  fruit  and  wine. 

Pfiingstadt)  pfoSng'st&tt,  a  market-town  of  llcsse, 
province  of  Starkonberg,  5  miles  S.  of  Darmstadt.  It  has 
manufactures  of  madder  and  sugar.     Pop.  4412. 

Pfyn,  pfin,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Thurgau, 
on  the  Thur,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Constance.     Pop.  1194. 

Phal'anx,  a  post-office  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  on  the  At- 
lantic &  Great  Western  Railroad,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Niles. 

Phalasarna,  ffl.-l&-saR'nlL,  a  ruined  city  of  Crete,  near 
the  AY.  end  of  the  island,  its  chief  remains  being  walls  and 
towers  on  an  acropolis,  close  to  the  shore. 

Phalata,  an  ancient  name  of  Fulta. 

Phalgoo,  or  Phalgu,  f&l'goo,  a  river  of  Bengal,  is 
formed  by  the  junction  of  the  Meiianee  and  Lilajun,  in 
lat.  24°  44'  N.,  Ion.  85°  3'  E.  It  flows  through  Behar  and 
Patna,  and  enters  the  Ganges  in  lat.  25°  11'  N.,  Ion.  86° 
10'  E.    Total  course,  246  miles. 

Pha'Iia,  a  small  bayou  of  Tammany  parish,  Louisiana, 
flows  into  the  Chefonte  River. 

Phalsbonrg,  Germany.    See  Pfalzburo. 

Phaltan,  or  Fultan,  fiil-tin',  one  of  the  Sattarah 
states  of  India.     Area,  397  square  miles.     Pop.  59,124. 

Phanagoria,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Taman. 

Pharaoh  (fa'ra-o)  Mount,  New  York,  is  in  the  S. 
part  of  Essex  co.,  about  5  miles  E.  of  Schroon  Lake.  It  is 
sometimes  called  Bluebeard  Mountain. 

Phari,  fi'ree,  or  Paridsong,  pi-rid-song',  a  fortress 
of  Thibet,  near  Bootan,  in  lat  27°  48'  N.,  Ion.  89°  14'  E. 

Pharis,  a  commune  of  Greece,  in  Laconia.    Pop.  3708. 

Pharisburg,  fa-ris-biirg,  a  post-village  in  Leesburg 
township,  Union  co.,  0.,  4i  miles  from  Broadway  Station. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  200. 

Pharos,  fi'ros,  a  peninsula,  and  anciently  an  island,  of 
Lower  Egypt,  on  which  stands  a  famous  light-house.  It 
forms  the  site  of  the  modern  city  of  Alexandria. 

Pharos  (or  Pharus)  Insula.    See  Lksina. 

Pharpar,  a  river  of  Syria.    See  Baiirada. 

Pharsalia,  a  town  of  Thessaly.    See  Satalgk. 

Pharsalia,  far-s4'Ie-a,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pharsalia 
township,  Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  33  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Bing- 
hamton.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1106. 

Phaselis,  the  ancient  name  of  Tekrova. 

Pha'sis,  Rion,  Rhion,  ree-on',  or  Faz,f8,j!,  a  river 
of  Asiatic  Russia,  anciently  regarded  as  the  boundary  be- 
tween Europe  and  Asia,  rises  in  a  spur  of  the  Caucasus, 
traverses  Kootais,  and,  after  a  W.  course,  enters  the  Blacic 
Sea  at  its  E.  extremity,  near  Poti,  34  miles  N.  of  Batoom. 

Pha-Tua-Tien,  Cochin  China.    See  Hue. 

Phauga,  fow'gi,  a  populous  seaport  of  Lower  Siam,  on 
the  W.  coast  of  the  Malay  Peninsula,  N.  of  Junk-Ceylon. 
Lat.  8°  8'  N.;  Ion.  98°  17'  E. 

Phazania,  or  Phasania,  Africa.    See  Fezzan. 

Pheasant  (fez'ant)  Branch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dane 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  Lake  Mendota,  about  6  miles  W.N.W.  of  Mad- 
ison.    Pop.  173. 

Pheas'ant  Island,  in  the  Bidassoa  River,  between 
France  and  Spain,  is  the  place  where  the  treaty  of  the 
Pyrenees  was  concluded,  September  7,  1659. 

Pheleche,  island  in  the  Persian  Gulf.    See  Feludsh. 

Phelps,  fSlps,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  Mis- 
souri, has  an  area  of  about  640  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Gasconade  River,  and  also  drained  by  the 
Maramec  River  and  Bourbeuse  Creek.  The  surface  is  un- 
even or  hilly,  and  a  large  piirt  of  it  is  covered  with  forests 
of  the  ash,  oak,  hickory,  maple,  walnut,  <fec.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its 
minerals  are  iron  ore  and  lead.  It  is  intersected  l)y  the 
St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  Railroad,  which  connects  with 
Rolla,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,506;  in  1880,  12,568; 
in  1890,  12,636. 

Phelps,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Nebraska,  has  an 
area  of  about  576  square  miles.     It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 


Capit;i 


by  the  Platte  River.    The  surface  is.nearly  level. 
Iloldrege.     Pop.  in  1880,  2447;  in  isOO,  USCU. 

Phelps,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Mo.,  about  'i 
miles  W.  of  Springfield.     It  has  2  stores. 

Phelps,  a  post-ollice  of  Phelps  co..  Neb. 

Phelps,  a  post-village  in  Pholpg  township,  Ontario  eo 
N.Y.,  on  the  Canandaigua  Outlet,  at  the  mouth  of  Flin 
Creek,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Geneva.  It  is  also  on  tho  Sodu 
Point  &  Southern  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Auburi 
Branch  of  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  33  miles  W.  o 
Auburn.  It  has  6  churches,  a  classical  school,  a  nowspapc 
office,  a  bank,  and  manufactures  of  gloves,  mittens,  nmli 
ploughs,  and  plaster.     Pop.  1355;  of  the  township,  5207. 

Phelps,  a  post-hamlet  of  Walker  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  In 
ternational  &  Great  Northern  Railroad,  06  miles  N.  oi 
Houston.  A  branch  railroad,  8  miles  long,  extends  frou 
Phelps  to  Huntsville. 

Pnelps  City,  a  post-village  in  Templeton  townihip 
Atchison  co.,  Mo.,  near  the  Nishnabatuna  River,  on  tli 
Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  &  Council  Bluffs  Railroad,  about : 
miles  E.  of  the  Missouri  River,  and  05  miles  N.W.  of  St 
Josenh.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  private  bank.     Pop.  262 

Pheng-Hoo,  ffing-hoo',  Pescadores,  pJs-ki-do'ris 
or  The  Fish'er's  Islands,  an  island  group  in  tin 
channel  of  Fo-Kien,  China  Sea,  between  the  island  of  For 
mosa  and  the  mainland.  The  town  of  Makung  is  on  tb 
largest  island.     Pop.  of  the  group,  80,000. 

Phenix,  or  Phoenix,  fe'nix,  a  post-village  in  War 
wick  township,  Kent  co.,  R.I.,  on  Pawtuxct  River,  and  oi 
the  Pawtuxct  Valley  Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Providenct 
and  1  mile  N.  of  the  New  York  &  New  England  llailroatl 
It  has  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  3  churches,  and  man 
ufactures  of  cotton  goods  and  machinery. 

Phereh,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Feued. 

Phiala,  fe-i'l&,  a  small  lake  of  Palestine,  10  mile 
E.N.E.  of  Banias.  It  is  1  mile  in  circumference,  sur 
rounded  by  wooded  hills,  and  was  once  supposed  to  be  th 
source  of  a  subterranean  affluent  of  the  Jordan. 

Phigalcia,  or  Phigalia,  fe-gl-lee'y4  (called  aftcrl 
wards  Phialia,  fe-&-lco'4),  a  ruined  city  of  Greece,  i; 
Morea,  government  of  Messenia.  Its  remains,  on  a  pre 
cipitous  height,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Kyparissia,  consist  ol 
walls,  towers,  and  a  citadel,  presenting  one  of  the  most  an 
cient  and  curious  specimens  of  Grecian  military  architoc; 
ture.  Within  its  walls  is  a  part  of  the  village  of  Paulizziii 
and  4  miles  E.  are  the  ruins  of  a  famous  temple  of  Apollc 

Philadelphia,  Asia  Minor.     See  Ala-Shehr. 

Philadelphia,  Syria.    See  Amman. 

Philadelphia,  a  county  of  Pennsylvania,  is  coexteu 
give  with  the  city  of  Philadelphia  (which  see). 

Philadelphia,  a  hamlet  of  Cass  co..  111.,  in  Lancastc 
township,  on  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  27  miles  W 
by  N.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a  church.  Here  is  Lancastc 
Post-Office. 

Philadelphia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co.,  Ind.,  o 
the  Pan-Handle  Railroad,  which  connects  Indianapoli 
with  Richmond,  17  miles  E.  of  the  former.  Ithasachurci 
and  a  lumber-mill.  ' 

Philadelphia,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Neshoba  co! 
Miss.,  34  miles  N.  of  Newton,  and  about  80  miles  E.N.I| 
of  Jackson.     It  has  2  churches  and  several  stores. 

Philadelphia,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co..  Mo 
about  26  miles  W.N.W.  of  Hannibal.  It  has  a  church  aiii 
several  stores.  j 

Philadelphia,  a  post-village  of  Jefftsrson  co.,  N.Y 
in  Philadelphia  township,  on  the  Indian  River,  and  on  tbj 
Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad  where  it  cross( 
the  Utica  &  Black  River  Railroad,  18  miles  N.N.E.  oi 
Watertown,  and  13  miles  N.N.W.  of  Carthage.  It  has  ; 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  leather,  flour,  lumber,  ani 
plaster.     Pop.  384;  of  the  township,  1709. 

PhiPadel'phia  (Fr.  Philadvlphie,  fecMiMSrfee';  S]i 
and  It.  Filade/fia,  fe-li-dSKfe-S.),  a  port  of  entry,  the  thir; 
city  of  the  United  States,  the  inetrDpolis  of  Pcnnsylvanir 
and  coextensive  with  the  co.  of  Philadelphia,  is  situate 
on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Delaware,  96  miles  (by  the  slii] 
channel)  from  the  open  sea,  87  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Ncl 
York,  and  136  miles  N.E.  of  Washington,  D.C.  Lat.  31 
57'  N. ;  Ion.  75°  10'  AV.  The  river  Schuylkill  traverses  ti 
city,  dividing  the  part  known  as  West  Philadelphia  fro: 
the  older  portion  of  tho  town.  Along  the  Delaware  tl 
water-front  measures  23  miles,  extending  from  the  moul 
of  Poquessing  Creek  (which  enters  the  Delaware  near  To 
rosdale  on  the  N.E.),  southwestward  and  southward,  to  tl 
embouchure  of  Bow  Creek,  at  Tinioum  Island.  The  an 
of  the  municipality  is  more  than  129  square  miles,  of  which 
considerable  part,  especially  in  the  N.,  is  rural  in  characte 


w 


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PHI 


while  other  portions  are  occupied  by  suburban  districts, 
embracing  several  places  which  have  almost  the  character 
I  of  separate  towns, — such  as  Germantown,  Chestnut  Hill, 
'  Frankfurd,  Manayunk,  Falls  of  Schuylkill,  Bridesburg,  and 
Ilolmesburg,  with  many  minor  villages  and  hamlets,  the 
i  principal  of  which  are  Tacony,  Torresdale,  Byberry,  Som- 
•rton,  Bustlcton,  Sandiford,  OInej',  Oxford  Church,  Cres- 
loentville,  Koxborough,  Milestown,  Fox  Chase,  Verreeville, 
iftnd  Wheat  Sheaf.      The  natural  features  of  the  site  are 
i varied,  much  of  the  land  near  the  rivers,  especially  south- 
Iward,  being  flat  and  low;   but  in  the  N.,  W.,  and  central 
j  districts  the  ground  is  high  and  easily  drained,  the  deep 
subsoil  being  mostly  a  dry  gravel,  resting  upon  gneiss  and 
Igranite,  but  it  is  in  part  composed  of  a  tough  clay;  and 
'luuoh  of  the  subsoil  is  auriferous  to  a  slight  degree.     The 
city  is  remarkable  for  the  regul.arity  of  its  plan,  the  streets 
.mostly  crossing  one  another  at  right  angles  and  dividing  the 
town  into  uniform  squares.     The  streets  running  N.  and  S. 
are  named  by  the  ordinal  numbers  from  the  Delaware  west- 
ward, thus  :  Front  street,  Second  street,  Third  street,  &c.,  up 
to  Sixty-Fifth  street  in  the  extreme  W. ;  those  are  divided 
by  Market  street,  the  principal  E.  and  VV.  thoroughfare,  into 
portions  named  respectively  North  Front  and  South  Front, 
sNorth  Second  and  South  Second,  Ac.     Between  Front  and 
jSecond  streets  the  houses  have  the  cardinal  numbers  between 
!100  and  200  ;  at  Second  street  the  numbering  is  from  200 
jup;  at  Third  street,  from  300  up;  and  a  similar  arrange- 
ment of  numbers  prevails  on  the  streets  running  N.  and 
'3.    Market  street  is  100  and  Broad  street  113  feet  wide ; 
While  the  other  principal  streets  are  mostly  50  or  66  feet  in 
(breadth,  some  of  the  "  avenues"  being  much  wider.    There 
}are  about  800  miles  of  paved  streets.     A  great  part  of  the 
hity  isbuilt  of  the  excellent  bricks  for  which  Philadelphia  is 
laoted ;  but  many  of  the  public  and  private  buildings  are 
bf  marble,  granite,  sandstone,  and  other  material.     The 
)lder  parts  of  the  city  present  many  streets  of  remarkably 
[miform  and  somewhat  monotonous  aspect,  with  door-steps 
bind  window-  and   door-trimmings   of  white  marble,  and 
iihutters  of  wood  painted  white  ;  but  latterly  this  uniformity 
'las  been  much  broken  by  the  construction  of  buildings  in 
bvery  variety  of  style.     Philadelphia,  known  as  the  "  city 
i)f  brotherly  love"  and  the  "  city  of  homes,"  is  more  re- 
fnarkablo  for  the  abundance  of  domestic  comforts  and  con- 
I'onicnccs  than  for  architectural  display ;  though  the  last  is 
•  >y  no  means  wanting.     No  city  of  any  considerable  size  in 
he  world  equals  it  in  the  homo  comforts  it  affords  for  people 
if  the  middle  class,  many  of  whom  occupy  houses  of  their 
[urn.    A  largo  part  of  the  city  is  built  upon  rented  ground, 
'he  ground-rent  plan,  as  here  developed,  offering  excellent 
j.dvantages  to  the  builder.     The  construction  of  houses  is 
Iso  greatly  stimulated  by  building-associations,  of  which 
hero  are  many  in  the  city.     The  city  has  2  parks  and  13 
lublic  squares,  one  of  which,  Fairmount  Park,  contains 
740  acres  and  takes  rank,  for  extent,  natural  capabilities, 
nd  artificial  improvements,  among  the  very  first  in  the 
rorld,  being  traversed  by  the  fine  river  Schuylkill  and  by 
Vissahiekon  Creek,  the  latter  being  noted  for  the  romantic 
mildness  of  this  part  of  its  course.   Several  of  the  cemeteries 
re  distinguished  for  excellent  landscape  effects  and  costly 
lonumental  decoration,  notably  that  of  Laurel  Hill,  on  the 
j!.  bank  of  the  Schuylkill.     Other  cemeteries  of  note  are 
jfest  Laurel  Hill,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Schuylkill,  near 
'encoyd  Station  of  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading  llailroad, 
lount  Vernon  Cemetery,  on  the  E.  side  of  Ridge  Avenue, 
pposite  Laurel   Hill  Cemetery,  Monument  Cemetery,  on 
forth  Broad  Street,  Woodlands,  in  West  Philadelphia  (en- 
jrancc  at  Thirty-Ninth  street  and  Darby  Road),  Glenwood, 
t  Ridge  Avenue  and  Islington  Lane,  Mount  Moriah,  on 
le  Darby  Road,  near  Sixtieth  street,  Mount  Peace,  adjoin- 
ig  Mount  Vernon,  Greenwood  (Knights  of  Pythias),  in 
rankford,  Cedar   Hill,  in   Frankford,  the  Cathedral,  on 
i,ancaster  Avenue  from  Forty-Eighth  to  Fifty-First  streets, 
I  OW  Cathedral,  at  Second  street  and  Nicetown  Lane,  Odd- 
.  ollows',  on  Islington  Lane,  and  Mechanics',  adjoining  the 
Id-Fcllows' ;  besides  these  there  are  many  minor  burial- 
rounds,  some  of  them  not  now  used. 

The  educational  institutions  of  the  city  are  numerous.    At 
le  head  of  the  public-school  system  are  the  boys'  high  school, 
;  Broad  and  Green  streets,  with  about  600  pupils,  and  the 
rla'  normal  school,  occupying  a  fine  building  of  green- 
one,  at  Seventeenth  and  Spring  Garden  streets,  which 
t)st  with  equipments  $308,954  and  affords  accommodations 
|)r  about  1500  pupils.     The  public  schools  employ  (1892) 
jbont  2800  teachers,  and  occupy  more  than  200  houses,  of 
■■  hich  the  city  owns  190,  together  valued  at  over  $7,000,000, 
le  amount  paid  yearly  for  salaries  exceeding  $1,060,000. 
bout  125,000  pupils  are  in  attendance  at  the  schools,  and 
136 


the  annual  expenses  are  about  $2,030,000.  There  are 
also  many  private  and  parochial  schools,  many  of  the 
latter  being  Roman  Catholic.  The  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania, at  Thirty-Fourth  street  and  Darby  Road,  boa 
spacious  and  elegant  buildings,  includes  medical,  scientitic, 
legal,  and  art  schools,  and  has  under  its  management  $• 
commodious  hospital.  The  Jefferson  Medical  College,  on 
Tenth  street  above  Walnut,  with  a  new  hospital,  afibrds 
instruction  to  more  students  than  any  other  medical  school 
in  the  country.  In  this  department  of  instruction  Phila- 
delphia has  special  pre-eminence, — the  Woman's  College, 
the  2  homoeopathic  schools,  and  the  2  eclectic  colleges  boin^ 
also  well  patronized.  There  are,  besides,  2  colleges  of 
pharmacy,  3  of  dentistry,  a  polytechnic  college,  and  several 
Catholic  colleges,  of  which  La  Salle  College  is  the  largest. 
Girard  College,  occupying  spacious  buildings  of  marble, 
in  the  Corinthian  style  of  architecture,  affords  instruc- 
tion and  support  to  a  great  number  of  orphan  boys,  and 
has  very  large  funds.  The  cost  of  its  grounds  and  build  • 
ings  was  about  $2,000,000.  This  institution,  founded  by 
Stephen  Girard,  was  opened  in  1848.  Its  main  build- 
ing is  regarded  as  the  finest  Grecian  structure  of  modern 
times.  Other  important  schools  are  the  Episcopal  Acad- 
emy, on  Locust  street  east  of  Broad,  the  Germantown  Acad- 
emy, the  Friends'  Central  School,  at  Fifteenth  and  Race 
streets,  and  the  Academy  of  Notre  Dame,  West  Rittcnhouse 
Square.  Among  art  schools  are  the  Academy  of  Fine  Arts, 
at  Broad  and  Cherry  streets  (with  admirable  collections 
and  a  fine  edifice),  and  the  School  of  Design  for  Women. 
Several  religious  denominations  have  here  schools  of  divin- 
ity, those  of  the  Catholics,  Episcopalians,  and  Lutherans 
being  especially  important.  Among  scientific  institutions 
are  the  Academy  of  N.atural  Sciences,  at  Nineteenth  and 
Race  streets,  with  grand  collections,  the  College  of  Phy- 
sicians, the  Zoological  Society  (with  well-kept  gardens  in 
Fairmount  Park),  the  Franklin  Institute,  on  Seventh  street 
below  Market,  the  Wagner  Free  Institute,  the  Horticultural 
Society,  the  Philosophical  Society,  and  the  Entomological 
Society,  with  a  very  fine  library  and  a  large  collection  of 
insects.  The  Philadelphia  Library,  with  a  new  edifice  on 
Locust  street  east  of  Broad,  and  a  branch  institution,  with 
an  elegant  building,  known  as  the  Ridgway  Branch,  on 
South  Broad  street,  has  a  large  and  choice  collection  of 
books.  Other  large  libraries  are  the  Mercantile  Library, 
on  Tenth  street  above  Chestnut,  the  Southwark  Library, 
the  Friends'  Library,  the  Athenteum,  the  Apprentices' 
Library,  and  the  libraries  of  the  Law  Association  and  the 
Pennsylvania  Historical  Society.  The  Mechanics'  Institute, 
the  Spring  Garden  Institute,  the  Moyamensing  Institute,  the 
AVagner  Free  Institute,  the  Catholic  Philopatrian  Institute, 
the  Kensington  Institute,  the  German  Society,  the  Odd- 
Fellows,  the  Numismatic  &  Antiquarian  Society,  the  His- 
torical Societies  of  the  Friends,  Baptists,  Methodists,  Pres- 
byterians, and  the  principal  institutions  of  learning,  have 
all  valuable  libraries.  Among  the  public  buildings  not 
already  mentioned  the  largest  is  the  new  city  hall,  in  the 
French  Renaissance  style,  at  the  intersection  of  Broad  and 
Market  streets,  which  occupies  a  larger  area  (nearly  4i  acres, 
exclusive  of  court-yards)  than  any  other  public  building 
in  America,  and  whose  tower,  when  completed  to  the  pro- 
posed height  of  450  feet,  will  be  the  highest  in  the  world. 
This  building  was  begun  in  1871,  and  its  cost  will  probably 
reach  $20,000,000.  Other  prominent  buildings  are  the 
new  post-office,  an  elegant  granite  structure,  with  fronts  on 
Chestnut,  Ninth,  and  Market  streets  (which  with  its  site 
cost  $8,000,000),  the  historic  Independence  Hall,  the  United 
States  custom-house,  the  masonic  temple  (a  splendid  build- 
ing in  the  Norman  style,  which  cost  $1,300,000  and  is 
among  the  finest  structures  of  its  class  in  existence),  tlvo 
United  States  Mint,  the  Merchants'  Exchange,  the  Com- 
mercial Exchange,  the  naval  asylum  and  hospital,  the 
United  States  arsenals,  the  Philadelphia  hospital  and  alms- 
house, the  Pennsylvania  hospital,  the  Eastern  penitentiary, 
Moyamensing  prison,  the  house  of  correction,  the  house 
of  refuge,  the  Academy  of  Music,  the  numerous  theatres, 
several  of  which  are  fine  buildings  with  excellent  acoustic 
properties,  and  Memorial  Hall  and  Horticultural  Hall,  in 
West  Fairmount  Park,  imposing  structures  which  were 
originally  erected  for  use  in  the  great  Centennial  Exhibition 
of  1876.  Few  cities  have  so  many  and  excellent  charities, 
such  as  hospitals  and  asylums  for  the  poor,  the  insane, 
the  blind,  Ac.  Besides  those  already  noticed,  there  may  be 
mentioned  the  Episcopal  and  Presbyterian  hospitals,  the 
(Catholic)  hospitals  of  St.  Joseph  and  St.  Mary,  homes 
for  the  aged  (mostly  private  and  denominational,  and 
some  25  in  number),  the  Municipal,  German,  Wills,  Christ 
Church,  Pennsylvania  Insane,  Charity,  Jewish,  Orthopedic, 


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bMfias  aatialai  af 


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1-'jO  appmr  ia  tk«  nport  for  n«ei*l  iadutriw:  hooU  aad 
,:.^^  >F  ^i  H18VM,  pfwiMt  te^l,&U;  dM«i«U«, 
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Mebiae-»iiop«,  eapiul  «34.469,«32,  pruteet  tXl.l»&,»3»; 
kkti  uwl  Mf.  wpiUl,  $3,048,021',  f>ruaa«t  «3,a88,t20 ;  iron 

aadaUel,aBoitoll«,47o,«l  t         '        ^ i^riuting 

m4  mMUIbc  MpiUl  $  :2,0o;( ; 

UfUg  ud  •«at-pMkia(,  o^nui  ^Iti^^Z,  yimiuot  $16,- 
X34,1M ;  Mg»r  uU  moImms  nflniM^  ea^Ul  ti$^7,«&A, 
prodaet  X«,»*8,524 ;  textilcfl,  cftpiUi  S77»24Ma6.  pradoet 
|9S;t22,«lS.  IncJudiojC  namU  MiahlbhaMU  — d  ittlw- 
trk*  aot  falljr  r«porte^i,  t^e  agf^Mf  if/itm  for  wpitil, 
pc«daet%  il&,  vottU  b«  eouidanbljr  iaaroMML 

TW  pabtU  kMkk  hM  ui|Nror«d  ia  UU  ywrs,  lisM  the 

{r«>t  txtsMioa  sad  iatpiprwiint  of  the  M»«r»i;«  ■jrctMa, 

bad  tk«  «>tjr  Uk«  «  hi^  imaJi  ia  a  MniUry  p^^int  of  vi«w. 

TIm  *MtT-tupflj  'i$  good,  Mnij  prineipttJIjr  tlehrsd  from 

th«  S«b«jrlkiil  at  Faif— nt  b^  ayaraulie  poapiag,  por- 

tiiMM  af  Um  «it/  beiag  lappllad  by  itMin  p«Mplag  warta 

M  tha  Miaa  rirw  aad  oa  the  Dalawara.    Of  tha  — laniaiH 

pablie  driokiaf-foanUias  Mrerai  ar«  hiKbtjr  amameatal 

w«rki«fart.    ^tr««t  traral  ia  facilitated  bjr  oo«  of  tha  aaost 

iteaiira  aad  eoiapiata  ajataou  «f  atraet  rmilwajra  ia  the 

rU.    Tka  Seliayikitt  la  araaaad  vitbin  the  eity  UnuU  bj 

/aaroaa  bridcei^  aaroral  of  them  rerjr  haadaome  and  ez- 

peaaiva^  Ae  fiUafd  areaae,  Callowhiil  atreet,  aad  Cheatant 

ttieat  bridge!  betag  tha  f  aeat,  the  Irat-aamed  hariag  a 

•■-Jtb  «f  109  feaC    Sarea  Uaee  of  aUam  ferry  (beaidaa 

l$bt  railway-ear  traaaCir  Uaee)  eroea  tha  DaUwara^  eoa- 

ua;  the  eicjr  with  Ouadea  aad  Oloaeeater.  KJ. 

Aa  iapartaat  faOaro  ia  the  aoeial  ^  etf  PhHadalpbta  b 

1  preat  BMabar  of  beneroieat,  protaedre,  teeaperaaaav  aad 

^nUlr  aaaeeiallaa%  a  elaaa  of  arcaataatleea  trikieh  here 

ierelopaMat  greater  than  la  aaj  other  Aaerieaa 

::ie  Frew—ieona,  Odd>Fellowa  (af  three  or  aaore 

arum;,  Kai^btB  eC  Pithiaa,  Bad  Mea,  Oaod  Toaiplara, 

Ifiuagarl,  Oraiia,  Oeed-FeliMB,  aad  aaajr  ether  aaeietiea 

'-^  laeMvhai  rfaiHir  eheraater  hare  hare  atraag  aad  an- 

■ae  lodgaa.    There  are  man j  prirate  ebaritiea,  orgaa- 

1  aad  aaorgaaixed ;  and  io  timea  of  pablte  diatreaa  there 

t  alaaya  a  aaaiher  of  apeeial  orgaaiaatioaa  for  the  relief 

the  aeedj.    Ia  thi»  reepeet  it  waald  be  hard  to  f  nd  a 

17  abieh  iiirpaaeaa  Philadelphia,  liberal  aad  vaqaea- 

idag  Aaritj  Mag  eae  of  the  traditioaal  aad  iaheritad 

■iractarlitlea^theplaaa.    Alarara  the  aeat  of  great  boai- 

<a  aBterpriaa^  tha  eoaaaerrial  eharaetar  of  tha  Iowa  ia 

•r.  41  fonaerljr,  eae  of  ooUdity  aad  laaactal  atreagtb. 

Tha  citjgoreraMeat  ia  raated  in  a  aaayor  and  ia  a  aelaet 

•ad  a  wnaiaaa  eaaaeiL   The  auyor  ia  elected  for  a  term  of 

jheae  yeara,  arllh  tha  right  of  reto  or  spprvral  of  ordi- 

Maaaaa  paaaed  hf  the  eeaneiU.    The  eitjr  U  dirided  iato  38 

•rdi,  each  of  which  aea4i  eae  meoaher  to  the  aeleet 

laal,  tha  leabera  of  vhieh  eerre  for  terate  of  three 

'^'•>    Tha  nnanaaa  eoaaeil  ia  a  larger  bodjr,  whoae  aaeei- 

1  ere  tbiiia  far  tanaa  of  two  yeara.    The  BOf*  uapoi^ 

"t  aitjr  eSeera  aMatlj  are  eiectad  by  the  people,  thoagh 

^3a  are  ^eeea  by  the  mayor,  and  atill  otbera  br  the  ecarU 

i  the  eoaaeita.    Beaidea  the  city  offioera  proper,  there  ia 

■aarii;  whh  ether  eflfeeri  eoaneeted  with  the  countr  or- 

nHBtioa.    Tha  aity  sMlalafaia  aa  affeetive  police  force, 

:.iar  the  direct  eoatrol  of  the  nwyor;  beaidea  a  di^tinctly- 

>Valied  rirer  aad  harbor  police.    The  Jadiciary  of  Phila- 

(■flia  ia  wnwapleaaaa  for  ahiUty  aad  iatavritr.    There  are 

."or  eearta  of  eoMaaaa  plcaa  aad  aa  arphaaa'  court ;  and 

-irta  of  qaarter  acaaiona  and  oyer  aad  teraiiaer  arc  bcid 

•>l»e  eoaaoB  pleaa  Jadgca.  of  whoai  thea<e  aretwdre,  three 

'''t^tatlag  each  aoart  of  eoaaoioa  pleaa.    The  arphana' 

srt  elee  ewailaii  ^  three  Jndgee.    Beaidea  tbeee  aoarta 

vra  are  tweaty4bttr  miaer  eoarta,  dcaigaatad  oMgiaftratca' 

irta,  diftributed  ao  that  one  ia  bclJ  in  each  of  24  diatrieU 

;«  which  the  city  U  dirided.     Philadelphia  ia  alao  the 

^t  af  tbc  United  Sutea  diatriet  aoart  far  the  Eeotern  Dia- 

"*  «  P«w»7*r»>iA;  aad  tha  Uaitad  Statea  efawait  eanrt 

«*>ThifdCtreBit,aad  the  aaprene  cMrt  of  the  atata,  ait 

^^^H.^.^  "•ee.    The  rcrcaue  of  the  city  ia  derlred 

lea  and  partly  from  the  rent  of  wbarrea, 

ether  city  property,  from  water  and  gaa  billa, 

like,    Taxea  are  Icried  almoet  entirely  opea  real 

*T-    The  debt  of  the  city  ia  large,  but  the  pnbiic 

ia  good,  aad  tha  city  bonda  lad  ready  parehaaera. 

*yy*^J9^  aMlal  aleaMat  ia  eeloaial  daya  wae  eoaipMcd 

V!!**^  "***^  *''  *^^>"  deeeaadaata  are  atill  fonad 

^  Thaerigiaal  gwedUh  eoioaiaU  were  aettled  chiefly 

J»e  qnarter  sow  ealled  Seathwarfc.    Oenaantowa  waa 

rraaeia  Phatoriae,  with  a  eeleay  of  Gcrnuoa  hold- 

-  Mfldlar  to  thuee  of  the  Qoakera;  aad  freia  that 


tiaae  oa  tha  Oanaaa  aleaiaat  la  Philadelphia  and  riotnity 
baa  alwaya  beea  large.  At  praaent  tbere  i»  a  large  number 
of  Uenaaa-apeahiag  reaMeata,  ehietty  of  foreign  birth; 
aad  Bsaay  of  the  oparativao  are  of  Engliah  and  Irith 
origia.  There  are  alao  eao«<derahte  aaubera  of  Krench- 
aad  ItaUaa-aaeaklag  eltiard{  hal  tbara  ara  aa  great  eolo- 
aiea  or  HitghfcoAea  ii  where  tha  Italiaa,  Freaefa,  I'uliah, 
aad  Bohaaiiaa  laagaagaa  pravall,  aa  la  New  York,  the  tead^ 
eaey  here  beiag  towarda  tha  rapid  Americttniuttioa  of 
theaa  eleaieata.  Sloee  1670  the  growth  of  Philadelphia 
haa  beea  vary  rapid,  large  aroaa  (eepaajelly  la  the  aorth- 
waatara  aad  aaathera  paru  of  tha  etty )  havlag  beea  oorered 
dariag  tha  time  with  aubatuitial  aad  haadaome  boitdiBgaj 
bat  In  auay  qoartaro  great  aamhera  of  hoaaea  (aaoally  of 
aooMwhat  iaferior  ehaiacter)  hare  been  put  ap  by  a  cheap 
oo-operatire  plan  known  aa  the  "boniu"  ayatem. 

ifMtorjr.— In  1638  the  Svedea  of  Delaware  settled  to 
ooma  extent  withia  the  praaent  limita  of  Philadelphia,  then 
called  by  the  aatira  oaoM  of  Wieaeo.  Ia  1«S3,  Phihwlal- 
phla  area  foaodad  aad  aamod  hy  WiUiam  Peea  aa  the  oapital 
of  hia  new  colony  of  Pcnnay  Irania,  after  a  regular  parenaaa 
from  the  Indiana,  ratiied  (it  ia  Aid)  by  treaty  in  due  form ; 
but  the  erideaeo  of  tbb  treaty  baring  ercr  beea  made  ia 
traditional  rathar  thaa  doeamaatary,  and  the  Caet  ia  aharply 
quaatiaaed.  A  ataaa  aaaanmaat  aiarka  tha  plaea  where  the 
treaty  ia  aaid  to  hare  beea  awde  by  Pean.  The  aaaie  of 
Phifaadelpbia  (brotherly  lore)  waa  girea  by  Feea  both  in 
reference  to  the  ancient  city  of  that  aamo  ia  Aaia  Minor  aad 
from  iia  embodyiag  priaciptaa  ha  had  ao  araeh  at  heart.  The 
ot^aet  of  this  ealahratad  uaa  ia  plaatlag  thia  aew  colony 
araa.  to  aaa  hia  own  worda,  ''to  aflbed  aa  aaylam  to  the  rood 
and  oppreaaed  of  all  nation*,  to  frame  a  goreraaiaat  waiah 
might  oa  aa  axamule  to  abvw  mea  aa  free  aad  aa  happgr  aa 
they  eonld  he."  From  1723  to  hia  death,  in  1790,  Baa- 
jamia  Fraaklia  lived  in  PbiUdelfibia,  and  made  a  atroag 
imprcaaion  upon  the  publie  and  aoeial  affaire  of  the  toara. 
In  thia  eity  met  meat  of  tha  Ooagraaaea  of  tha  Berulution, 
aad  Arom  heaea  weat  forth,  la  daabt  aad  forehodtaga  on  the 
part  of  many  aad  la  ooaMeat  ratiaaee  oa  tha  part  of  otbera, 
that  worid^raaawaod  iaatrameat,  the  Deelaration  uf  lade- 
peadeaee,  whieh  waa  read  from  a  atand  ia  the  Sute-lloaaa 
yard  hy  Captain  Joha  Hopkiaa,  July  4,  I77<S.  The  conren- 
tioa  that  fonaad  tha  preaeat  eonalitotion  of  the  United 
Btatae  met  ia  Philadelphia,  May,  17ft7.  ilere  reaided  the 
Irat  Preheat  of  the  Uaitad  Stateo  (in  a  bnilding  which 
ataod  ia  Market  atreel,  eae  door  S.  of  Sixth  atrect,  S.  aide), 
aad  here  Coagreaa  amemblod  for  aeariy  tea  years  after  the 
adoptioB  of  tha  praaeat  eoaatltatloe.  Ia  oeaaaqaence  of 
the  dieaatroua  hattlaa  af  Braadywiaa  aad  Oanaantown,  the 
Britiah  army  had  paaaeaalaa  of  thia  eity  from  September, 
1777,  to  Jnac,  177S.  Ia  1790  the  ateamboat  of  Jobn  Fiteh 
began  to  make  regalar  tripe  on  the  Delaware.  I  n  tbc  autumn 
of  1793  the  yellow  fcrer  riaited  Philadelphia,  and  carried 
off  more  than  40U0  peraona  out  of  a  population  of  a  little 
over  40,900,  of  whom  half,  it  waa  thoaght,  had  fled  the  cHy. 
Thia  paaUloaee  again  riaited  Phikdeiphia  la  1798,  bat  waa 
aot  aa  fatal  aaia  1793.  Tha  Aaiatiaebalara  ravaged  the  city 
ia  the  anmmer  of  1832,  aad  awept  off  771  vietims.  In  1840 
aad  1864  it  renewed  iU  raracea,  bat  waa  leaa  faUl  than  oa 
iU  trst  oeearrenoe.  In  1838  Um  Peaaeylraata  liall,  beloag 
lag  to  tha  Abolitioaiau,  waa  attaekad  by  a  mob  aad  baraiid, 
tha  Shaltar  for  Colored  Orphaaa  flred,  aad  the  negro  qoartars 
attaeked.  Ia  1844  the  city  waa  diaqaieted  by  rioU  in  tha 
aorthera  aad  aoathera  aabarfaa,  eaoaed  by  jealouatea  be- 
tweea  the  Pretaataato  aad  Oatholica,  ia  which  aaveral  Cath- 
oKc  chnr^ea  ware  bvraad.  Oa  both  ataaalaai  the  military 
were  called  oat  aad  aavoral  Hvaa  were  loat.  In  ISVt  tha 
diatrieta  of  Mayaweaaiag,  Saathwark,  Kenaington,  North- 
ara  LiberUe%  Spriag  Oardea.  aad  Weat  Philadelphia,  aad 
tha  horoogha  aad  tawa^ipa  af  the  entire  eounty,  were 
eenaoKdatod  arith  the  eity  proper.  In  1804  a  great  fair  waa 
held  ia  Logaa  Sqoara,  ander  the  aaapieaa  of  the  Pbiladal- 
pUa  braaeh  af  tha  United  Statea  SaniUry  Commiwiea, 
albrdiag  aaara  thaa  a  mlllloa  dailars  for  tha  ralief  of  aiek 
aad  woiiaded  ooMiara.  Ia  1872  tha  eity  waa  riaited  by  a 
great  opidemie  of  smallpox.  In  1$70  (one  hundred  yeara 
after  the  Declaration  of  ladependeace  waa  iaaaed)  thc'Cea- 
tennial  Bxhibitloa  waa  bcId  on  groaada  at  tha  6.W.  ez< 
tremity  of  Fairmaaat  Park.  Thia  waa  the  heat-atteadad 
and  in  many  reapaeta  the  moat  saeeeeafal  of  all  the  great 
lateraational  eapoaitioBa  yet  held,  aad  is  belicred  to  have 
materially  adraaeed  tha eomaaoroial  and  industrial  iatereeta 
of  the  city. labah.  ParLABCLPHiAa,  fil-%-d4rfe-f n.    ■ 

The  popalatioa  af  Philadalphia  waa  4600  in  (be  year 
1700 :  ia  17M,  U,MO;  la  l«M.  70,287;  ia  1840,  220,523: 
ia  l8M,M8,iM;  ia  1870,  674,022;  la  1880^  847,170:  ia 
189I^1,04MH>  ; 


FHI 


2156 


PUT 


Philndelphiav  a  post-office  of  D»rIington  oo.,  S.O., 
•bout  100  iiiilfH  (direct)  N.  of  Chiirlcston. 

Pliilndclphia,  »  po!<t-villago  uf  Loudon  oo.,  Tenn., on 
tho  Eiut  Teanosato,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Ilailroad,  36  miles 
6.W.  of  Knuxvillo.     It  lias  4  ohurches,  a  flour-mill,  Ao. 

Philadelphia  Road,  a  village  of  Bnltimoro  oo., 
Md.,  1  mile  from  Bayvien  Station,  und  about  7  miles  £. 
of  Baltimore.     It  has  2  churclies  and  a  college  or  seminary. 

Philadelphia  llond,  a  station  in  Harrison  co.,  0., 
on  tho  Pan-I!:iiiillu  Uailri>iui,  4  miles  £.  of  Dennison. 

Philadelphia  Station,  a  station  in  Tuscarawas  co., 
i  0.,  on  the  Marietta,  Pittsburg  A  Cleveland  Itailroad,  2 
miles  S.  of  Canal  Dover. 

Phi'lae,  an  island  of  Upper  Egypt,  in  the  Nile,  above 
the  first  cataract,  close  to  the  Nubian  frontier,  6  miles 
6.S.W.  of  Asswan.  Length,  only  400  yards,  but  it  contains 
■ome  of  the  finest  Egyptian  remains  extant,  comprising  4 
temples,  a  long  colonnade,  several  obelisks,  Ac.,  with  a 
Koman  triumphal  arch  and  other  antiquities. 

Philaii'der,  a  hamlet  of  Gentry  oo.,  Mo.,  7  miles  N.£. 
of  Albany. 

Philanthropy,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  0. 

Philates,  fe-l&'tds,  a  town  of  European  Turliey,  in 
Epirus,  25  miles  S.B.  of  Delvino.     Pop.  4000. 

Phil'ip  Island,  a  British  island  in  the  Pacific,  S.  of 
Norfolk  Island.     Lat.  29°  5'  S. ;  Ion.  167°  47'  B. 

Philip  Islands,  two  small  islands  of  the  Carolines,  5 
miles  apart.     Lat.  8°  6'  N. ;  Jon.  140°  52'  E. 

Philippeville,  feoMoep'veel',  a  fortified  town  of  Bel- 
gium, province  and  25  miles  S.W.  of  Namur,  on  a  height 
in  the  forest  of  Ardennes.  Pop.  1600.  Near  it  are  iron- 
works and  stone-quarries. 

Philippeville,  fecMeepVeel',  a  fortified  town  of  Al- 
geria, department  and  56  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Constan- 
tino, on  the  Gulf  of  Stora,  35  miles  W.  of  Bona,  founded 
by  the  French.     Pop.  13,022. 

Philip'pi,  a  ruined  town  of  Turkey,  in  Macedonia,  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Drama.  In  the  plain  W.  of  it,  b.c.  42,  the 
memorable  actions  took  place  in  which  the  troops  of  Oc- 
tavius  and  Antony  defeated  those  of  Brutus  and  Cossius 
and  put  an  end  to  the  republican  government  of  Rome. 

Pnilippi,  fe-lip'pi  or  fll'ip-p6,  a  post-village,  capital 
of  Barbour  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Tygart's  Valley  River,  about 
88  miles  S.S.E.  of  Wheeling,  and  20  miles  S.  of  Grafton. 
It  has  a  bank,  2  newspaper  ofiices,  4  churches,  and  a  tan- 
nery. A  battle  occurred  here,  June,  1861,  between  a  few 
regiments  of  Unionists  and  a  small  body  of  Confederates. 

Philippine,  feoMip-pcen',  a  fortified  village  of  the 
Netherlands,  in  Zeeland,  6i  miles  W.  of  Axel.     Pop.  678. 

Philippine  (fil'ip-pin)  Islands  (Sp.  Idas  FUipinnt, 
ees'I4s  fe-le-pee'n&s;  Fr.  Isles  Philippines,  eel  fee'leep^- 
peen' ;  Ger.  Philippinische  Inseln,  fe-lip-pee'nish-^h  in'- 
B^ln),  a  largo  and  important  group  of  the  Malay  Archipel- 
ago, forming  its  N.  division,  and,  next  to  Cuba,  the  most 
valuable  colonial  possession  of  Spain,  chiefly  between  lat.  5° 
32'  and  19°  38'  N.  and  Ion.  117°  and  126°  E.,  having  N.  and 
E.  the  Pacific  Ocean,  W.  the  China  and  Sooloo  Seas,  aud  S. 
the  Sea  of  Celebes.  There  are  about  1200  islands  in  all, 
of  which  408  are  inhabited.  Principal  islands,  Luzon, 
Mindanao,  and  Palawan,  with  Mindoro,  Panay,  Negros, 
Zebu,  Bohol,  Leyte,  Samar,  Masbate,  and  many  of  less  size. 
Total  area,  estimated  at  about  11 5,528  square  miles,  and  the 
pop.  at  about  8,000,000.  The  islands  are  of  volcanic  for- 
mation, traversed  by  a  chain  of  mountains  from  N.  to  S., 
rising  in  some  of  them  to  6000  feet,  and  some  of  these  are 
•till  active  volcanoes.  The  coasts  of  most  of  them  are 
deeply  indented  by  the  sea,  and  tho  larger  islands  arc  well 
watered  by  large  streams,  with  estuaries  affording  excellent 
.harbors.  Earthquakes  are  of  frequent  occurrence.  The 
group  is  within  the  range  of  tho  monsoons,  and  violent 
hurricanes  are  common.  From  May  to  September  the  W. 
coasts  are  deluged  with  rain,  while  the  October  monsoon 
brings  rain  to  the  E.  coasts,  which  are  at  other  seasons  dry. 
The  high  temperature  and  abundance  of  moisture  produce 
a  luxuriant  vegetation,  so  that  they  are  capable  of  yielding 
all  kinds  of  colonial  and  probably  European  produce. 
Rice,  millet,  maize,  sugar,  indigo,  hemp,  tobacco,  coffee, 
and  cotton  are  raised ;  and  sago,  cocoa-nuts,  bananas,  cin- 
namon, betel,  numerous  fine  fruits,  timber  for  ship-build- 
ing, and  dye-woods,  are  among  the  products.  Buffaloes, 
and  most  of  the  domestic  animals  common  in  Europe,  are 
reared ;  the  horse,  introduced  by  the  Spaniards,  runs  wild 
among  the  mountains.  The  wild  animals  comprise  the  an- 
telope, fox,  wild  cat,  and  monkey ;  the  cayman  is  found  in 
the  rivers  and  lakes,  the  tortoise  abounds  on  the  shores ; 
fish  are  very  abundant,  and  serpents  numerous.  Among 
the  birds  of  the  islands  are  the  parrot,  a  species  of  pheas- 


ant, pigeon,  and  wutcr-fowls.  Pearls,  jiearl-oystor  shell 
the  sea-slug,  edible  birds'-nosts,  and  finpan-wood  are  im- 
portant articles  of  export  licnoo  to  China.  The  mineral 
products  are  gold,  copper,  iron,  lead,  mercury,  sulphur,  and 
coal.  Domestic  weaving  is  i)rctty  generally  carried  on  by 
the  females,  and  straw  hats,  cigar-cases,  and  carihenwiiroi 
are  made,  but  the  chief  manufacture  is  that  of  "  govern- 
ment Manila"  cigars.  Tho  colonial  policy  of  Old  Spiiin 
excluded  all  foreign  ships  and  Chinese  settlers  from  tlicHc 
islands,  and  the  trade  with  the  S])anish  dominions  in 
America  was  also  confined  to  that  conducted  annually  by  n 
single  ship.  But  such  restrictions  have  vanished,  and  tlie 
colony  is  now  progressing  in  many  ways.  Tho  oxportu 
including  the  Ladrono  Islands,  are  sugar,  hemp.  Indigo' 
tobacco,  coffee,  mothor-of  pearl,  gums,  Ac,  and  amount  iii 
value  to  about  $16,000,000  annually  ;  tho  import?,  cottons, 
machinery,  linens,  coals,  iron,  umbrellas,  turllienwuro 
hardware,  woollens,  apparel,  ic,  amounting  to  about 
$15,000,000  annually.  Manila  is  the  scat  of  tho  governmiMil 
and  residence  of  the  governor-general,  who  is  appointed  hy 
the  crown  of  Spain.  In  each  of  the  larger  islands  is  a  lieu- 
tenant-governor, and  each  of  the  30  provinces,  governed  by 
an  alcalde,  is  divided  into  pueblos,  or  communes.  The  Uoninn 
Catholic  religion  has  been  extensively  diffused  among  the 
Malays,  who  form  the  greater  part  of  the  j)opulation.  Thf 
Negritos,  or  Oriental  negroes,  are  found  mostly  in  the 
mountain-regions  of  the  four  larger  islands.  Many  Chi- 
nese have  recently  settled  in  the  group.  The  public  revenue 
is  derived  chiefly  from  duties  on  exports  and  imports,  tb« 
tobacco  monopoly,  and  a  capitation  tax.  These  islands 
were  discovered  by  Magellan  in  1521,  and  settled  by  tlie 
Spaniards  in  the  reign  of  Philip  II.,  after  whom  they  were 
named. 

Philippop'olis  (Turk.  Filihi,  fee'le-bee^),  a  town  of 
Bulgaria,  the  capital  of  Roumelia,  on  both  sides  of  tb( 
river  Maritza,  and  on  a  railway,  86  miles  W.N.W.  of  Adri! 
anople.  It  has  20  mosques,  and  numerous  Greek  and  Ar| 
menian  ohurches,  with  flourishing  manufactures  of  woollonj 
silk,  and  cotton  fabrics,  leather,  soap,  tobacco,  Ac.  Pop 
in  1888,  33,442.  In  1818  it  was  almost  entirely  destroyeti 
by  an  earthquake. 

Philipsburg,  fee'lips-b5SR0\  a  town  of  Baden,  oirch: 
of  Lower  Rhine,  16  miles  N.  of  Carlsruhe.     Pop.  2407. 

Phil'ipsburg,  a  post-ofiice  and  mining-camp  of  Deeil 
Lodge  CO.,  Montana,  about  80  miles  W.S.W.  of  Helena.  I 
has  silver-mines  and  2  quartz-mills. 

Philipsbarg,  Ohio.    Sec  La  Graxge  and  CE-vrnE. 

Philipsburg,  a  post-borough  in  Rush  township,  Ccntrt 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  Mushannon  Creek,  and  on  the  Tyrone  A  Cleiiri 
field  Branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  18  miles  S.E 
of  Clearfield,  and  38  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Altoona.  It  contain 
a  graded  school,  6  churches,  a  newspaper  oflice,  a  bank,  am 
several  lumber-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  ;^246. 

Philipsburg,  fil'ips-boorg,  or  Philisbnrg,  fil'is 
boorg,  a  town  of  the  West  Indies,  capital  of  the  Dutch  pan 
of  the  island  of  St.  Martin,  on  its  S.  coast,  with  a  good  port 

Philipsburg  East  (originally  Missisquoi  Uny),  il 
village  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Missisquoi,  on  tho  E.  side  of  iMisi 
sisquoi  Bay,  Lake  Champlain,  2  miles  from  St.  Armand  Sta! 
tion.  It  is  a  port  of  entry  and  warehousing  port,  and  coD( 
tains  3  churches,  a  high  school,  a  carriage-factory,  an 
several  stores  and  hotels.     Pop.  600. 

Philipsburg  West,  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  co 
Ontario,  12  miles  AV.  of  Berlin.    It  has  a  tannery.    P.  30t 

Philip's  Islands,  Pacific  Ocean,  in  Low  Archipclagc 
Lat.  16°20'S.;  Ion.  U4°  8'  W. 

Philip's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Coffee  co.,  Ga. 

Philip's  River,  of  Coos  co.,  in  the  N.  part  of  Nc 
Hampshire,  a  small  branch  of  Upper  Ammonoosuck  Rivci 

Philipstad,  or  Filipstad,  fee'lip  slid,  a  town  o 
Sweden,  35  miles  N.E.  of  Carlstad.     Pop.  2700. 

Phil'ipston,  a  post-office  of  Clarion   co..  Pa.,  It 
Phillipsburg,  on  the  Alleghany  River. 

Phil'ipstown,  a  town  of  Ireland,  King's  co.,  on  thi 
Grand  Canal,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Tullamore.     Pop.  820.      ! 

Phil'ipsville,  a  post-village  in  Leeds  co.,  Ontario,  2 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Brockville.  It  contains  saw-  and  grisi 
mills  and  several  stores.     Pop.  100. 

Philipsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  Pa.,  about  1 
miles  S.B.  of  Erie.     It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory 

Philisburg,  West  Indies.    See  Piiilipsdurc. 

PhiI'lip  Island,  on  the  coast  of  Victoria,  Austrolu 
in  the  entrance  to  Western  Port  Bay,  on  the  S.  coast,  is  1 
miles  long  and  6  miles  in  extreme  breadth.  Here  is  a  larg 
preserve  for  British  and  other  game  birds  and  animal 
It  contains  the  villages  of  Cowes  (pop.  132)  and  Ventno 
Total  pop.  547. 


PM 


im 


PHGE 


Pliil'Icick,  a  town  of  England,  in  Cornwall,  8  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Redruth.     Pop.  4165. 

Phillip  Port,  Australia.    See  Port  Phillip. 

Pliii'lips,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Arkansas,  has  an 
area  of  about  650  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E. 
by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  the  St.  Francis  River  touches 
its  N.E.  corner.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  partly 
Bubject  to  inundation.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton  and 
Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  A  considerable  part 
of  this  county  is  occupied  by  forests  of  the  oak,  elui,  beech, 
hickory,  black  walnut,  ash,  inaplo,  <feo.  Capital,  Helena, 
on  the  Mississippi.  Pop.  in  1870,  15,372  j  in  1880,  21,262; 
in  1S90,  25,341, 

Phillips,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kansas,  bordering 
on  Nebraska,  has  an  area  of  900  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  North  Fork  of  Solomon  River  and  by  Prairie 
Dog  Creek,  which  runs  through  its  N.W.  corner.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating,  and  mostly  destitute  of  forests.  The 
soil  produces  natural  pasture.  Capital,  Phillipsburg.  Pop. 
in  1875,  2813;  in  1880,  12,014;  in  1890,  13,661. 

Phillips,  a  post-village  in  Phillips  township,  Franklin 
CO.,  Me.,  on  Sandy  River,  50  miles  N.  of  Lewiston,  and  17 
miles  N.W.  of  Farmington.  It  has  5  churches,  a  high 
school,  a  free  library,  a  money-order  post-office,  2  banks,  a 
weekly  newspaper,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  boots, 
shoes,  furniture,  <fcc.  It  is  the  N.  terminus  of  the  Sandy 
River  Railroad  and  S.  terminus  of  the  Phillips  &  Rangeley 
Railroad.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1394. 

Phillips,  a  post-village  in  Worcester  township,  Chip- 
pewa CO.,  Wis.,  78  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ashland.  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  newspaper  ofiSce. 

Phillip's  Bluff,  a  post-office  of  Calcasiea  parish,  La. 

Phil'lipsburg,  a  city,  the  ca{iital  of  Phillips  co., 
Kansas,  in  Phillipsburg  township,  200  miles  in  air-line 
W.N.W.  of  Topeka.  It  has  a  steam  mill,  several  churches, 
and  offices  issuing  3  weekly  newspapers.  Pop.  in  1890, 
992;  of  the  township,  1633. 

Phillipsburg,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Laclede 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Atlantic  A  Pacific  Railroad,  44  miles  N.E. 
of  Springfield.     It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

Phillipsburg,  a  post-office  of  Deer  Lodge  co.,  Montana. 

Phillipsburg,  a  post-town  of  AVarren  co.,  N.J. ,  on  the 
Delaware  River,  opposite  Easton,  at  the  W.  terminus  of 
the  Morris  Canal,  and  50  miles  N.N.W.  of  Trenton.  It  is 
on  the  Relvidere  Delaware  Railroad,  which  connects  here 
with  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey  and  the  Morris  <t 
Esses  Railroad.  Two  fine  railroad-bridges  cross  the  river 
here.  Phillipsburg  contains  6  churches,  a  national  bank, 
1  other  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  several 
iron-foundries,  machine-shops,  a  rolling-mill,  and  manufac- 
tures of  boilers,  locomotives,  and  mowers  and  reapers.  Iron 
ore  and  limestone  are  abundant  in  the  vicinity.     P.  86-14. 

Phillipsburg,  a  hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Wall- 
kill  township,  ]J  miles  from  Middletown.  It  has  a  grist- 
mill and  7  houses. 

Phillipsburg,  Montgomery  co.,  0.     See  Cextre. 

Phillipsburg,  a  village  and  station  of  Tuscarawas  co., 
0.,  on  the  Marietta,  Pittsburg  <fc  Cleveland  Railroad,  31 
miles  N.  of  Cambridge. 

Phillipsburg,  a  borough  in  Moon  township,  Beaver 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Ohio  River,  opposite  the 
mouth  of  Beaver  River,  and  27  miles  below  Pittsburg.  It 
has  2  churches,  2  brick-yards,  an  orphans'  home,  and  a 
tannery.     Pop.  554.     Here  is  Water  Cure  Post-Office. 

Phillipsburg,  a  post-village  in  Brady  township. 
Clarion  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the  Alle- 
ghany Valley  Railroad,  2i  miles  below  Brady's  Bend,  and 
66  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2  hotels,  a  church, 
and  several  stores.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Phil- 
lipston. 

Phillips  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y., 
8i  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Belmont.  It  has  2  churches,  a  saw- 
mill, and  a  cheese-factory. 

Phillips  Ferry,  Illinois.    See  Griggsville  Landing. 

Phillips'  Islands.    See  Philip  Islands. 

Phil'lipsport,  a  post-village  in  Mamakating  town- 
ship, Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  EUenvillo  Branch  of  the 
Now  York  &  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  and  on  the  Dela- 
ware &  Hudson  Canal,  17  miles  N.  of  Middletown.    P.  661. 

Phil'lipston,  a  post-township  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 
nbout  18  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Fitchburg.  It  contains  a  pub- 
lic library  and  2  churches,  and  has  manufactures  of  chairs 
and  toy  wagons.     Pop.  666. 

Phillipston,  Pennsylvania.     See  Phillipsburg. 
J     Phil'lipstown,  a  post-village  in  Phillips   township, 
1  White  CO.,  111.,  about  18  miles  S.  of  Albion.   It  has  a  church 
'  wid  a  newspaper  office. 


Phillipstown,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  N.Y,  Pop. 
5163.     It  contains  Cold  Spring,  Garrison's,  <fec. 

Phillipsville,  New  York.    See  Belmont. 

Phil'mont,  a  post-village  in  Claverack  township,  Co- 
lumbia CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  <fc  Harlem  Railroad,  J 
mile  from  Mellenville,  and  about  9  miles  E.  of  Hudson. 
It  has  a  church,  a  machine-shop,  and  manufactures  of  paper 
and  hosiery.     Pop.  in  1890,  1818. 

Phil  moot,  a  station  of  the  New  York  &  Philadelphi* 
New  Line,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Phi'Io,  a  post-village  in  Philo  township,  Champaign 
CO.,  III.,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  43  miles  E.  by  N.  of  De- 
catur, and  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Champaign.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  money-order  post-office.  A  large  quantity^  of  grain, 
Ac,  is  shipped  here.     Pop.  291;  of  the  township,  1184. 

Philo,  Muskingum  co.,  0.    See  TAYLonsviLLE. 

Phil'omath,  a  post-village  of  Benton  co.,  Oregon, 
about  16  miles  S.W.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  church,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  the  Philomath  College. 

Phil'omont,  a  post-hamlet  of  Loudoun  co,,  Va.,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Leesburg.  It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 
Pop.  about  100. 

Philop'olis,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md., 
about  22  miles  N.  of  Baltimore. 

Phil'pot's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Daviess  co.,  Ky. 

Phil'son,  a  post-office  of  Somerset  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Washington  <fc  Baltimore  Railroad,  27  miles  N.W. 
of  Cumberland,  Md. 

Phing,  a  prefixed  name  of  cities  in  China.     See  Ping. 

Phing-y-Shan,  or  Phing-y-Chan,  fing-ee-sh4n', 
a  mountain  of  China,  province  of  Quang-See.  Lat.  24°  53' 
N. :  Ion.  108°  24'  E.     It  is  covered  with  perpetual  snow. 

Phipps,  a  post-office  of  Hale  co.,  Ala. 

Phipps'burg,  a  post-township  of  Sagadahoc  co..  Me., 
about  8  miles  S.  of  Bath.  It  contains  3  churches  and  sev- 
eral saw-mills,  and  borders  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean  and  the 
mouth  of  the  Kennebec  River.     Pop.  1344. 

Phocaea,  fo-see'a,  Fouges,  foo'gbfis  (?),  or  Fokia, 
fo-kcc'i,  written  also  Phochia  and  Fogliara,  a  seaport 
town  of  Asia  Minor,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Gulf  of  Fouges, 
30  miles  N.W.  of  Smyrna.  Pop.  4000,  Old  Phocasa  is  a  vil- 
lage 4i  miles  S.W.  of  the  above. 

Phoenicia,  fe-nish'e-a,  a  post-village  in  Shandakeu 
township,  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Esopus  Creek,  and  on  the 
Ulster  &  Delaware  Railroad,  27  miles  W.N.W.  of  Rondout. 
It  is  near  the  Catskill  Mountains.  It  has  a  chair-factory 
and  4  stores.     Pop.  about  250. 

Phocnicusa,  the  ancient  name  of  Felicudi. 

Phoenix,  fee'nix,  a  group  of  small  islands  in  the  South 
Pacific.     Lat,  3°-4°  30'  S.;  Ion.  171°-174°  40'  W. 

PhCEUix,  fee'nix,  a  city,  since  1890  the  capital  of  Ari- 
zona and  the  seat  of  justice  of  Maricopa  co.,  226  miles  N.B. 
from  Yuma,  and  35  miles  N.  of  Maricopa,  on  the  Southern 
Pacific  Railroad,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  branch. 
It  has  several  churches  and  banks,  a  court-house,  jail, 
flour-mills,  an  active  general  business,  and  offices  issuing 
3  daily  and  4  weekly  newspapers.     Pop.  in  1890,  3152. 

Phoenix,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Gunpowder  River,  18  mihes  N.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  a 
church,  and  a  cotton-factory  which  employs  200  hands  and 
a  capital  of  $300,000,     Pop.  about  350. 

Phoenix,  a  post-village  in  Houghton  township,  Ke- 
weenaw CO.,  Mich.,  about  25  miles  N.E.  of  Houghton,  and 

2  miles  from  Lake  Superior.     Copper  is  found  here. 
Phoenix,  a  post- village  in  Schroeppel  township,  Oswego 

CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Oswego  River  and  Oswego  Canal,  21  miles 
S.E.  of  Oswego,  and  15  miles  N.N.W.  of  Syracuse.     It  has 

3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  an  academy,  a  bank,  and 
manufactures  of  coffins,  flour,  and  furniture.     Pop.  1418, 

Phoenix,  a  post-office  of  Columbus  co.,  N.C. 

Phoenix,  a  post-office  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0. 

Phoenix,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Oregon,  nbout 
10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Jacksonville.  It  has  3  churches,  2  flour- 
mills,  and  2  stores.     Pop.  225. 

Phoenix,  Armstrong  co..  Pa.    See  Milton. 

Phoenix,  a  post-village  in  Whitehall  township,  Abbeville 
CO.,  S.C,  8  miles  S.  of  New  Market.     It  has  2  churches. 

Phoenix  Island,  in  the  Pacific  (lat.  3°  47'  S.,  Ion. 
170°  43'  W.),  is  uninhabited.     It  has  afforded  guano. 

Phoenix  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  railroad  from  Coopcrstown  to  Colliersvillc,  3  miles  S.  of 
Cooperstown.     It  has  a  knitting-mill. 

Phoenix  Mine,  a  post-hamlet  of  Napa  co.,  Cal.,  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Calistoga.     Here  is  a  mine  of  cinnabar. 

Phoenixville,  fee'nix-vll.  a  post-hamlet  of  AVindham 
CO.,  Conn.,  in  Eastford  township,  about  14  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Willimantic. 


PUCE 


2158 


PIO 


PhnDnisvillc,  ft  post-borough  in  SohuylktII  towii«Wp, 
Cheater  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Schuylkill  lliver,  at  tho  mouth  of 
Fronoh  Creek,  28  miioa  N.W.  of  IMiiliidolphia,  30  miles 
E.S.B.  of  Reading,  nml  10  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Norristown. 
It  is  on  the  Philiwlelnhia  A  Heading  llnilroad,  at  tho  ter- 
minus of  tho  Pickering  Valloy  Railroad.  It  contains  9 
churches,  2  national  banks,  a  state  bank,  2  newspaper 
offices,  the  Ivy  Institute,  manufactures  of  copper,  cotton, 
wood,  <fco.,  and  a  beautiful  cemetery,  in  which  a  monument 
has  been  erected  to  soldiers  who  fell  in  the  civil  war.  Here 
are  the  Phoenix  Iron-Works,  which  are  said  to  be  the  largest 
in  the  United  States.  These  works  comprise  rolling-mills 
and  furnaces,  and  produce  iron  bridges,  girders,  columns, 
and  rails  for  railroads.     Pop.  in  1890,  8614. 

Phookok,  Phoiikok,  or  Phukok,  foo-kok',  written 
also  Fiikok  and  Fokwak  (native  name,  K'ohdnd),  a 
French  island  in  the  Gulf  of  Siam.  Lat.  10°  N. ;  Ion. 
104"  E.     Length,  34  miles;  breadth,  16  miles.     Pop.  2352. 

Phool'era,a  town  of  India,  83  miles  E.S.E.  of  Uhawl- 
poor,  with  a  decayed  fort  and  a  good  bazaar. 

Phoonga,  a  town  of  Siam.    See  Po.noa. 

Phoophin,  foo'fin',  a  town  of  Siam,  on  the  Gulf  of 
Siam,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Thakham.     Pop.  1200. 

Phorbantia,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Levanzo. 

Photan,  a  kingdom  of  India.     See  Bootav. 

Pho-Yang,  a  lake  of  China.    See  Po-Yano. 

Phraat,  Turkey.    See  Euphrates. 

Phulowdee,  foo-15w'dee,  a  town  of  India,  state  and 
70  miles  N.W.  of  Jeypoor,  fortified  and  well  built,  with 
Hindoo  and  .Tain  temples.     Pop.  15,000. 

Phux-Uaii,  a  city  of  Cochin  China.     See  IIul. 

Phu-Yen,  Phu-Yen- Tran,  foo-yJn-trin',  or 
Phou-Yan,  foo^yin',  a  town  of  Cochin  China,  capital 
of  a  province,  on  the  Phu-Yen  lliver,  60  miles  S.  of  Quin- 
hon.     Lat.  13"  23'  N.;  Ion.  109°  B. 

PhylsBf  fi'lee,  a  fortress  of  Greece,  famous  in  its  ancient 
history,  and  the  remains  of  which  occupy  a  strong  position 
io  a  pass  of  Mount  Parnos,  13  miles  N.N.W.  of  Athens. 

Piacenza^  pe-i-chen'zi  (anc.  Placen'tia ;  Fr.  Plai- 
»ance,  pli^z6\ss'),  a  fortified  city  of  Northern  Italy,  capital 
of  the  province  of  Piacenza,  36  miles  W.N.  W.  of  Parma,  near 
the  right  bank  of  the  Po,  a  little  below  the  influx  of  the 
Trobia,  at  a  railway  junction.  Lat.  45°  2'  44"  N. ;  Ion. 
9°  41'  48"  E.  Pop.  34,987.  It  is  enclosed  by  ramparts, 
used  for  public  walks,  environed  by  a  wide  fosse,  defended 
by  a  citadel,  and  entered  by  5  gates.  It  presents,  however, 
a  deserted  aspect,  with  its  narrow,  irregular  streets,  and 
decaying  brick  houses.  It  has  one  fine  square,  in  which 
are  the  magnificent  town  hall  and  two  equestrian  statues  of 
two  dukes  of  Parma  ;  an  old  ducal  palace,  now  much  dilapi- 
dated; a  Gothic  cathedral,  with  some  fine  frescoes  and  pic- 
tures ;  several  other  churches,  a  large  hospital,  orphan 
asylums,  and  numerous  other  charitable  institutions,  a 
college,  an  episcopal  seminary,  government  pawn  bank,  a 
smalt  theatre,  and  public  library.  It  has  manufactures  of 
woollen  stuffs  and  serges,  fustians,  stockings,  and  hats. 

Piacenza,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Emilia,  once  a 
duchy,  which  was  merged  in  that  of  Parma.  Present  area, 
965  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  N.  by  the  Po,  and  is  very 
fertile,  the  mountainous  region  in  the  S.  being  rich  ia  min- 
erals.    Capital,  Piacenza.     Pop.  (1885)  234,116. 

Piacina,  a  lake  and  river  of  Siberia.     See  Piasina. 

Piadena,  pe-4-di'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy, 
17  miles  E.  of  Cremona.     Pop.  1479. 

Piaggine,  po-ld'je-n4,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Salerno,  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Vallo.     Pop.  of  commune,  4156. 

Plana,  pc-i'ni,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  near  the  N.W. 
frontiers,  government  of  Simbeersk,  and,  after  a  course  of 
150  miles,  joins  the  Soora  on  the  left. 

Plana  del  Greci,  pe-&'n4  di'e  gr&'ohee,  a  town  of 
Bioily,  12  miles  S.  by  AV.  of  Palermo.  It  has  fine  churches 
of  the  Greek  and  Latin  rites,  and  its  people  in  part  use  the 
Albanian  language.     Pop.  of  commune,  7714. 

Plan  Castagnajo  del  Mont'  Amiata,  pe-in'  kis- 
tin-yi'o  dSl  mont  3,-me-4't4,  a  town  of  Italy,  Tuscany,  11 
miles  from  Arcidosso.     Pop.  2608. 

Plan  di  Sco,  pe-8,n'  dee  sko,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Arczzo,  5  miles  E.  of  Figline.     Pop.  2764. 

Planella,  pe-8,-n4riA,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Teramo,  6 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Chieti.     Pop.,  with  environs,  5250. 

Pianello  Citerlore,  pe-i-nfil'lo  che-tA-re-o'r4,  a  vil- 
lage of  Italy,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Pi.acenza.     Pop.  3705. 

Pianezza,  pe-4-nSt'si,  a  village  of  Italy,  7  miles 
W.N.AV.  of  Turin,  on  the  Dora  Baltea.     Pop.  2148. 

Pianfei,  pe-4n-f4'ee,  a  village  of  Italy,  about  6  miles 
from  Mondovi.     Pop.  of  commune,  1828. 

Piano  di  Sorrento,  pe-&'no  dee  soR-nin'to,  a  corn- 


mnne  of  Italy,  consisting  of  a  small  but  very  beautiful 
plain,  on  the  S.  shore  of  tho  Bay  of  Naples,  and  adjacent 
to  the  town  of  Sorrento.  It  has  for  many  centuries  been  a 
favorite  resort  for  the  wealthy,  on  account  of  its  fine  cli- 
mate and  rich  vegetation.     Pop.  8205. 

Pianoro,  po-&-no'ro,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  12 
miles  S.  of  Bologna.     Pop.  5534. 

Planosn,  po-l-no'sd  (anc.  Plana'tia),  an  islet  of  the 
Mediterranean,  10  miles  S.  of  the  W.  cape  of  Elba.  Length, 
3i  miles.  The  island  was  left  in  the  power  of  Napoleon^ 
after  his  first  abdication,  as  an  annexation  to  Elba. 

Pianosa,  an  islet  of  Italy,  in  the  Adriatic  Sea,  prov- 
ince of  Foggia,  14  miles  N.E.  of  tho  Tremiti  Islands. 

Pianura,  po-&-noo'r4,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  4 
miles  W.  of  Naples.     Pop.  of  commune,  3087. 

Piasa,  pi*a-saw',  a  post-village  and  station  of  Macon- 
nin  CO.,  III.,  10  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Alton,  on  the  Rockford, 
Rock  Island  .t  St.  Louis  Railroad.     It  has  2  churches. 

Piasco,  pe-iVs'ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  about  6  miles  from 
Saluzzo.     Pop.  of  commune,  1814. 

Piasina,  or  Piacina,  i>o-i-see'n4,  a  lake  and  river  of 
Siberia,  government  of  Yeniseisk.  The  lake,  lat.  70°  N., 
Ion.  92°  30'  E.,  is  80  miles  in  length  from  N.  to  S.,  35  miles 
in  breadth,  and  90  miles  E.  of  the  Gulf  of  Yenisei;  the 
river,  flowing  from  it,  enters  the  Arctic  Ocean  near  lat.  73° 
45'  N.,  Ion.  90°  E.,  after  a  N.  course  of  250  miles. 

Platigorsk,  or  Pjatlgorsk,  pyi'te-gorsk',  called 
also  Patlgorsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Stavro- 
pol, 25  miles  S.W.  of  Oeorgiovsk.     Pop.  9519. 

Piatra,  pe-4'tri,  a  town  of  Roumunia,  in  Moldavia,  45 
miles  W.  of  Roman.     Pop.  20,000. 

Piatt,  pi'at,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Illinois, 
has  an  area  of  about  440  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  in 
a  southwesterly  direction  by  the  North  Fork  of  the  Sanga- 
mon River.  'Ihe  surface  is  undulating  or  level.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Wabash  Railroad,  the  Illi- 
nois  Central  Railroad,  and  the  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St. 
Louis  Rnilroad.  Capital,  Montiecllo.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,953; 
in  18S0,  15,583;  in  1890,  17,062. 

Piatt,  a  township  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  493. 

Piauliy,  pe-6w-ee',  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the  B.  of 
the  state  of  Minos-Geraes,  proceeds  N.E.,  and  joins  the 
Jeqiiitinhonha  below  Salto  Grande. 

Piauhy,  or  Piauhi,  a  river  of  Brazil,  state  of  Piauhy, 
after  a  N.  course  of  300  miles,  joins  the  Caninde  on  the 
right,  70  miles  N.W.  of  Oeiras. 

Piauhy,  or  Piauhi,  a  state  of  Brazil,  between  lat.  2° 
42'  and  11°  20'  S.  and  Ion.  40°  30'  and  47°  W.,  having  N. 
the  Atlantic,  and  N.W.  the  state  of  Maranhao,  from  which 
it  is  separated  by  tho  river  Parnahiba.  Area,  81,779  square 
miles.  Pop.  239,691.  The  surface  is  mostly  a  plain,  with 
a  slope  N.W.,  and  consists  chiefly  of  rich  pasturages,  on 
which  large  herds  of  cattle  are  reared.  Timber  is  scarce. 
The  state  contains  some  silver-,  iron-,  and  lead-mines. 
Chief  towns,  Oeiras  and  Parnahiba. 

Piave,  pe-i'vi,  a  river  of  Italy,  rises  in  the  Alps,  near 
Lientz,  flows  southerly,  and  enters  the  Adriatic  at  Porto-di- 
Cortellazzo,  52  miles  E.N.E.  of  Venice.     Length,  125iniles. 

Piavozero,  pe-i*vo-z4'ro,  a  lake  of  Russia,  in  the  W.  \ 
of  Archangel,  about  50  miles  long  by  15  broad.   It  receives 
the  waters  of  Lake  Topo  at  its  S.E.  extremity,  and  dis-  | 
charges  itself  at  the  N.E.  into  Lake  Kovdo.  ' 

Piazza,  pe-it's4,  a  city  of  Italy,  in  Sicily,  province  : 
and  17  miles  E.S.E.  of  Caltanisetta.  Pop.  18,252.  It  has  ; 
a  cathedral,  several  other  churches,  4  convents,  a  college,  i 
and  a  hospital,  with  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth  and  caps,  ; 
and  a  brisk  trade  in  corn,  oil,  fruits,  and  other  products. 

Piazzola,  pe-it'so-lA,  a  market-town  of  Italy,  1 1  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Padua,  near  the  Brenta,  noted  for  the  va«» 
palace  of  the  Contarini  family. 

Pi-beseth,  a  ruined  city  of  Egypt.    See  Bpbastis. 

Pica,  a  town  of  Chili.    See  Pabellov  de  Pica. 

Picacho,  pe-kah'cho,  a  post-ofiice  of  Monterey  co.,  Cal 

Pic'ardy,  or  Pic'ardie  (Fr.  La  Picardie,  14pec'kaR'- 
dee' ;  L.  Picar'dia),  an  old  province  in  the  N.  of  France,  ; 
having  N.W.  and  W.  the  English  Channel.     It  is  now  sub- 
divided among  the  departments  of  Aisno,  Somme,  Gise, 
Pas-de-Calais,  and  Yonne. 

Picasent,  pc-k4-sfint',  a  village  of  Spain,  province  and 
9  miles  S.AV.  of  Valencia.     Pop.  2504. 

Piccola  Pioda,  a  village  of  Italy.     See  Pioltello. 

Picentla,  the  ancient  name  of  Acerno. 

Picerno,  po-chiii'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  8 
miles  W.  of  Potenza.  Pop.  4831.  It  has  manuiactures  of 
silk  and  woollen  goods. 

Pichincha,  pe-chin'chJ  or  pe-cbeen'chi,  a  yolcano-^ 


PIC 


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Ecuador,  in   the  West  Cordillera  of  the  Andes,  11  miles 
'W.N.W.  of  Quito,  lat.  0°  11'  32"  S.,  Ion.  78°  56'  W.,  15,924 
feet  in  elevation. 
Pichincha,   a    province    in    the  N.W.   of  Ecuador, 


PichU"Pichu,  pe-choo-pe-choo',  a  volcano  of  South 
iPeru,  immediately  N.  of  Arequipa. 
!    Picina!j  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Pezenas. 
'    Picinisco,  pe-che-nis'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
jjaserta,  15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sora.     Pop.  3448. 
I    Pickamink,  Indiana.     See  InoQuois  River. 
Pickanock,  Quebec.    See  Otter  Lake. 
Pickard's  Mill,  Clinton co.,Ind.    See  IIiLLSBOROUGn. 
Pick'away,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Ohio, 
t^ta  an  area  of  about  501  square  miles.     It  is  intersected 
i)y  the  Scioto  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Darby,  Deer, 
iud  Walnut  Creeks.     The  surface  is  nearly  level.     The  soil 
s  fertile.     Among  the  forest  trees  are  the  ash,  beech,  elm, 
lickory,  and  white  oak.     Indian  corn,  wheat,  cuttle,  horses, 
:,nd  pork  are  the  staple  products.     It  is  intersected  by  the 
;)hio  Canal,  the  Norfolk  &  Western  Railroad,  and  the  Cin- 
'innati  &  Muskingum  Valley  Railroaxl.     Capital,  Cirole- 
ille.    Pop.  in  1880,  27,415;  in  1890,  26,959. 
Pickaway,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  III.     Pop.  824. 
Pickaway,  a  township  of  Pickaway  co.,  0.    Pop.  1443. 
Pickaway,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va.,  on 
rnear  Sandy  Creek,  about  13  miles  E.S.E.  of  Chatham. 
u  Pickaway,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  W.  Va.,  about 
miles  N.E.  of  Union.     It  has  a  steam  saw-mill,  a  cream- 
ry,  and  general  stores.     Pop.  about  100. 
Pick'el's  Iiand'ing,  a  post-ofBco  of  Roane  co.,  Tenn. 
Pick'ens,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Alabama,  borders 
n  Mississippi.     Area,  about  934  square  miles.     It  is  in- 
rsected  by  the  Tombigbeo  and  Sipsey  Rivers.     The  latter 
Iver  enters  the  former  on  the  S.  border  of  this  county, 
•hich  is  also  drained  by  Lubbub  Creek.     The  surface  is 
ndulating  or  hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests, 
he  soil  is  fertile.  .  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork 
re  the  staple  products.     Capital,  Carrollton.    Pop.  in  1870, 
r,690;  in  1880,  21,479;  in  1890,  22,470. 
Pickens,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an 
rea  of  about  276  square  miles.     It  is  partly  drained  by 
nail  affluents  of  the  Etowah  River.     The  surface  is  diver- 
fied  by  hills  or  mountains  and  extensive  forests.    The  soil 
fertile.     Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products, 
quarry  of  marbk  has  been  opened  in  this  county,  which 
traversed  by  the  Marietta  A  North  Georgia  Railroad, 
ipital,  Jasper.     Pop.  in  1870,  5317;  in  1880,  6790;  in 
190,  8182. 

,  Pickens,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  South  Carolina, 
rders  on  North  Carolina.  Area,  about  464  square  miles. 
is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Saluda  River,  and  on  the 
.  by  the  Kiowee  River.  The  N.  part  of  it  is  adjacent  to 
e  Blue  Ridge.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  picturesque 
,3untain-scenery.  Among  its  remarkable  features  is  Table 
)ck  Mountain,  which  is  about  4000  feet  high.  A  large 
[jrt  of  this  county  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak, 
ettnut,  hickory,  and  other  trees.  Indian  corn,  cotton, 
d  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  two 
risioDs  of  the  Richmond  A  Danville  Railroad.  Capital, 
ckens  Court-House.  Pop.  in  1870, 10,269 ;  in  1880, 14,389  : 
1890,16,389. 

Pickens,  a  post-village  of  Holmes  co.,  Miss.,  on  the 
inois  Central  Railroad,  about  17  miles  S.  of  Lexington. 
l»ickens,  a  township  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C.  Pop.  1559. 
Pickens  Court-Iiouse,or  Pick'ensville,a  post- 
lage,  capital  of  Pickens  co.,  S.C,  is  in  Pickensville  town- 
p,  about  33  miles  E.  of  Walhalla,  and  120  miles  (direct) 
X.W.  of  Columbia.  It  is  situated  in  a  hilly  country  in 
ich  valuable  minerals  are  found,  and  contains  a  court- 
ise,  2  churches,  a  newspaper  ofiice,  and  a  high  school. 
>.  212;  of  the  township,  1856. 

*ickens  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Clark  co..  Ark. 
*ickens  Station,  a  post-village  of  Holmes  co.,  Miss., 
'  the  Big  Black  River,  and  on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis 
I  'hicago  Railroad,  44  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Jackson.     Nearly 
■  0  bales  of  cotton  are  shipped  here  in  a  year. 
'ick'ensville,  a  post-village  of  Pickens  co.,  Ala.,  on 
1  Tombigbee  River,  about  50  miles  W.  of  Tuscaloosa,  and 
'  miles  S.E.  of  Columbus,  Miss.     It  has  2  churches,  a 
'  0  and  female  seminary,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  about  300. 
*  ton  is  shipped  here  in  steamboats. 
•ickensville,  S.C.    See  Pickens  Court-IIou.se. 
'ick'erel  Lake,  a  township  of  Freeborn  co.,  Minn, 
1 '.  418. 


Pick'erell's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,0, 
on  the  Scioto  River,  4  miles  W.  of  Radnor  Station.  It  has 
a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Pick'ereltown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Logan  co.,  0.,  8 
miles  S.E.  of  Bellefontaine.  It  has  2  churches,  2  stores, 
and  IS  families. 

Pick'ering,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  North 
Riding,  with  a  station  on  the  York  A  North  Midland  Rail- 
way, 18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Whitby. 

Pick'ering,  a  post-village  of  Nodaway  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  <fc  Council  Bluffs  Railroad,  52  milea 
N.  of  St.  Joseph.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  200. 

Pickering,  Chester  co.,  Pa.     See  Charlestown. 

Pick'ering,  or  Duf'fin's  Creek  (originally  Can- 
ton), a  post- village  of  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  N.  shore 
of  Lake  Ontario,  near  the  mouth  of  Duffin's  Creek,  and  on 
the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  (DufBn'a  Creek  Station),  23 
miles  E.  of  Toronto.     Pop.  500. 

Pickering  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  the  W.  part 
of  Chester  co.,  runs  eastward,  and  enters  the  Schuylkill 
River  about  1  mile  below  Phoenixville. 

Pickering's,  a  station  in  Strafford  co.,  N.II.,  on  the 
Boston  &  Maine  Railroad,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Dover. 

Pickering's  Isle,  an  island  off  the  coast  of  Hancock 
CO.,  Mo. 

Pick'erington,  a  post- village  in  Violet  township, 
Fairfield  co.,  0.,  15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  195. 

Pick'et  Post,  a  post-office  of  Pinal  co.,  Arizona. 

Pick'ett's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Winnebago  co., 
AVis.,  on  the  railroad  between  Oshkosh  and  Ripon,  13  milea 
S.AV.  of  Oshkosh, 

Pick'ettsvilie,  a  hamlet  of  Gibson  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Louisville  &  Memphis  Railroad,  85  miles  E.N.E.  of  Memphis. 

Pickettsville,ahamlet  of  Stephens  CO.,  Tex.  Pop.  115. 

Pick'Avick,a  post-hamlet  in  Homer  township,  Winona 
CO.,  Minn.,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Winona,  and  2  miles  from 
Lamoille  Station.     It  has  a  flouring-mill.    Pop.  about  150. 

Pickwick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarion  eo.,  Pa.,  in  Rich- 
land township,  on  the  Emlenton  &  Shippcnville  Railroad, 
10  miles  E.  of  Emlenton.     Hero  are  oil-wells. 

Pic  Nethou,  peek  neliHoo',  and  Maladetta,  mi-li- 
dfit'ti,  the  highest  peak  of  the  Pyrenees,  or  rather  two  neigh- 
boring peaks,  on  the  frontiers  of  Spain,  near  lat.  32°  40'  N., 
Ion.  0°  45' E.     Height,  11,168  feet. 

Pico,  pee'ko,  one  of  the  Azores  Islands,  with  a  voloanio 
peak  7613  feet  in  height.  Lat.  38°  28' N. ;  Ion.  28°  25'  W. 
Area,  254  square  miles.  Pop.  2400.  Surface  covered  with 
lava.     Chief  towns,  Lagcns,  Magdalcna,  and  San  Rocco. 

Pico  de  Teyde,  Canaries.    See  Teneuifke,  Peak  op. 

Picolata,  pik-o-li'ti,  a  post-office  of  St.  .John's  co., 
Fla.,  on  St.  John's  River,  40  miles  S.  of  Jacksonville. 

Pico  Tnrquino,  a  mountain  of  Cuba.    See  Tuuquino. 

Picquigny,  peekMseen^yee',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Somme,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Somme,  and  on  the  Amiena 
Railway,  S  miles  N.W.  of  Amiens.     Pop.  1424. 

Pictavi,  an  ancient  name  of  Poitiers. 

Pic'ton,  a  town  of  New  Zealand,  on  South  Island,  and 
on  Queen  Charlotte  Sound,  18  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Blenheim. 
It  has  saw-mills,  and  an  export  trade,  chiefly  in  timber,  and 
is  noted  for  its  fine  herring.     Pop.  800. 

Ficton,  a  town  of  Australia,  in  New  South  Wales,  co. 
of  Camden,  46  miles  S.AV.  of  Sydney,  on  the  Stoncquarry 
Rivulet. 

Pic'ton,  the  capital  of  Prince  Edward  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  Bay  of  Quinte,  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Kingston,  and 
24  miles  from  Napanee.  It  contains,  besides  the  county 
buildings,  5  churches,  1  branch  bank,  about  60  stores,  man- 
ufactories of  iron  castings,  steam-engines,  machinery,  Ac, 
a  brewery,  pottery,  tannery,  saw-  and  grist-mills,  and  3 
newspaper  offices.     It  is  a  port  of  entry.     Pop.  2361. 

Pictou,  pik-too',  a  county  of  Nova  Scotia,  bordering 
on  Northumberland  Strait.  Most  of  the  surface  is  nearly 
level,  and  intersected  with  numerous  streams  flowing  chiefly 
into  Merigomish,  Pictou,  and  Cariboo  Harbors,  on  its  coast. 
The  soil  is  remarkably  fertile.  The  county  contains  rich 
mines  of  coal  and  iron  ore.  Next  to  Halifax,  Pictou  is  the 
most  populous  county  in  Nova  Scotia.  It  is  settled  mostly 
by  Scotch  Highlanders.  Area,  1125  square  miles.  Capital, 
Pictou.     Pop.  32,114. 

Pictou,  a  seaport  town  of  Nova  Scotia,  capital  of  Pictou 
CO.,  at  the  head  of  a  harbor  of  its  own  name,  opening  into 
Northumberland  Strait,  and  at  the  E.  terminus  of  a  branch- 
of  the  Intercolonial  Railway,  113  miles  N.N.E.  of  Halifax. 
It  is  situated  in  a  fertile  and  well-cultivated  district,  con- 
taining extensive  coal-mines  and  quarries  of  building-stone. 
The  annual  exports  of  coal  are  very  large.    The  harbor  ij 


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oaa  of  the  flnest  on  the  S.  ahoro  of  tho  Ottif  of  St.  La  wroneo. 
Tbo  town  \i  well  built,  nnti  hiia  an  acAdouiy,  a  libriiry,  3 
branch  banks,  a  nowsjMipcr  ultico,  a  maeunio  hall,  sovoral 
•faurchea  and  hotels,  a  nuuibor  of  stores,  2  steam  carding- 
Bills,  2  tobaooo-factories,  an  iron-foundry,  several  saw- 
ftnd  grist-mills  and  tnnncrici!,  &o.  Pictou  is  a  port  of 
•ntry.     Its  stroots  aro  lightod  with  gas.     Tup.  3200. 

Picts'  >Vorkditch,  Scotland.    See  Catkail.. 

Pic'tiircd  Hocks,  in  Schoolcraft  co.,  Mich.,  a  sand- 
stone cliflf  on  the  S.  shore  of  Lake  Superior,  extending 
M.K.  from  Munising  about  26  miles.  It  ie  in  some  places 
SOO  feet  high,  and  is  worn  into  singular  forms  by  the  action 
of  wind  and  water.     It  is  much  visited  by  tourists. 

Pic'liire  Rocks,  a  post-village  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa., 
on  Muncy  Croek,  16  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Wiiliami<{i(>rt.  It  has 
2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  furniture,  sash,  and  doors. 

Picuries,  po-koo're-^,  a  Indian  village  of  Taos  co., 
New  Mexico,  9U  miles  from  Otero.     It  has  a  church. 

Pidavro,  a  village  of  Greece.    See  Epidauiius. 

Pid'cock  Kuuch,  a  post-village  of  Coryell  co.,  Tex., 
on  Cow  House  River,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Gatesville. 

PidJAn,  towns  of  Toorkistan.     See  Puax. 

Piedad,  pe-4-d4d',  a  village  of  Mexico,  on  tho  Aca- 
puloo  Kond,  aoout  li  miles  S.W.  of  the  capital. 

Pid  di  Cavallo,  po-i'  dee  ki-vil'lo,  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  of  Turin,  about  10  miles  N.  of  Biello,  on  the  Cervo. 

Piedimonte,  po-i-do-raftn'ti,  a  town  of  Sicily,  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Taormina.     Pop.  4824. 

Picdimonte,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  20  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Caserta.  Pop.  7073.  It  stands  in  a  fertile  plain 
at  the  foot  of  tho  Apennines,  and  has  a  royal  palace,  and 
manufactures  of  coarse  woollen  cloths,  caps,  and  paper. 

Piedimonte  di  San  Germano,pe-d-de-mon'tddec 
ain  jftr-mi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta,  16 
milos  S.S.E.  of  Sora,  with  several  churches  and  a  large 
annual  fair.     Pop.  2373. 

Piedmont,  pecd'mont  (It.  Piemonte,  pe-A-mon'tA,  i.e., 
Pii  di  Monte,  or  the  "foot  of  the  mountain"),  a  former 
principality  of  Northern  Italy,  is  now  a  coinpartimcnto  of 
the  kingdom  of  Italy.  It  is  bounded  N.  by  Switzerland, 
E.  by  Lombardy,  S.  by  France  and  the  province  of  Genoa, 
W.  by  France.  Greatest  length,  from  N.N.E.  to  S.S.W., 
168  miles;  greatest  breadth,  130  miles.  Area,  11,200  square 
uilcs.  It  is  divided  into  4  provinces,  viz.,  Alessandria, 
Coni,  Novara,  and  Turin.  The  loftiest  ranges  of  the  Alps, 
the  Lepontine  and  Pennine,  encircle  it  on  the  N.  and 
N.AV.,  the  Graian  and  Cottian  Alps  on  the  W.,  and  the 
Maritime  Alps  and  tho  Apennines  on  the  S.,  while  a  large 
part  of  its  E.  frontier  is  watered  by  Lago  Maggiore  and 
Lako  Ticino.  The  space  enclosed  within  these  barriers 
forms  one  of  the  most  beautiful  and  fertile  portions  of 
Europe,  commencing  on  the  N.,  the  S.,  and  the  W.,  in  ma- 
jestic mountains,  and  thence  descending  by  magnificent 
terraces  and  finely  undulating  slopes  to  the  rich  plains  of 
tho  Po,  by  which  river  and  its  afilucnts,  the  Tanaro,  Bor- 
mida,  Clusone,  Dora,  Scsia,  Ac,  it  is  wholly  drained.  Its 
E.  part  forms  a  portion  of  the  great  plain  of  Lombardy,  is 
carefully  irrigated,  and  of  high  fertility ;  much  of  it  is  in 
pasturage,  and  large  herds  of  cattle  are  reared.  A  surplus 
of  corn  over  home  consumption  is  produced.  Wheat,  maize, 
barley,  rice,  hemp,  and  fruits  are  the  principal  crops;  wines 
are  of  inferior  quality,  and  oil  is  produced  only  in  small 
quantities;  the  silk  is  among  the  best  in  Itiily.  The  min- 
eral products  comprise  iron,  lead,  copper,  marble,  sulphur, 
manganese,  cobalt,  and  small  quantities  of  the  precious 
metals.  The  principal  manufactures  are  silk  fabrics  and 
organzine,  hosiery,  woollen  and  linen  goods,  brandy  and 
liqueurs,  glass  and  iron  wares.  The  inhabitants  are  nearly 
all  Roman  Catholics,  except  about  20,000  Vaudois  Protest- 
ants in  the  Alpine  valleys.  The  chief  towns  are  Turin, 
Alessandria,  Asti,  Coni,  Novara,  Vercelli,  Pinerolo,  and 
Aosta.  The  great  routes  of  the  Sim()lon,  Mont  Cenis,  St. 
Bernard,  and  the  Col  do  Tenda  cross  the  Alps  into  Pied- 
mont.    Pop.  in  1881,  3,070,250. Adj.  and  inh.ab.  PiEn- 

MONTESE,  peed'mon  teez'  (It.  Piemontksk,  pe-i-mon-ti'sA). 

Piedmont,  peed'mont,  a  hamlet  of  Alameda  oo.,  Cal., 
in  Oakland  township,  3  miles  from  Oakland  Station.  It  is 
on  high  ground,  which  affords  fine  sites  for  residences. 

Piedmont,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  oo..  Mo.,  near  the 
Big  Black  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis  &,  Iron  Mountain 
Railroad,  39  miles  S.  of  Ironton.     Pop.  in  1890,  829. 

Piedmont,  a  post-village  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C,  on  a 
railroad,  lOJ  miles  S.  of  Greenville.     Pop.  in  1880,  565. 

Piedmont,  Virgini.a.    See  Delaplaise. 

Piedmont,  a  post-village  of  Mineral  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  North  Bnvnch  of  the  Potomac  River,  28  miles  S.W.  of 
Gambcrland,  Md.,  and  206  miles  W.  of  Baltimore.    It  is  at 


tho  foot  of  the  Alleghany  Mountain,  is  on  tho  Baltimore  t 
Ohio  Railroad,  and  is  a  terminus  of  the  Cumberland  i' 
Penn.'ylvania  Railroad.  It  has  a  national  bank,  a  ncwai 
paper  office,  H  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  largo  macbinui 
shops  of  tho  Baltimore  A,  Ohio  Railroad,  eiii])loying  abou 
350  men.  Coal  is  mined  near  this  place.  Pop.  1853.  It  ij 
surrounded  by  grand  scenery.  About  4000  tons  of  coal  art 
daily  shipi)od  here.  Two  bridges  across  the  river  oonnec 
Piedmont  with  Westernport,  Md. 

Piedmont,  a  post-village  of  Uintah  oo.,  Wyoming 
is  near  the  base  of  the  Uintah  Mountain,  and  on  the  Unioi 
Pacific  Railroad,  27  miles  N.N.E.  of  Evanston.  It  bus  : 
charcoal-kilns. 

Piedmont  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Burke  oo.,  N.C. 

Piedra  lllnnca,  j)c-A'dri  blln'ki,  a  town  of  the  Ar 
gentino  Rcnublic,  40  miles  S.W.  of  Catamarca.     P.  8434. 

Piedrabuena,  pe-i*Dr4-bwi'n4,  a  village  of  Spain,  it 
New  Castile,  15  miles  W.  of  Ciudad  Real.     Pop.  2807. 

Picdrnhita,  pe-i*i)ri-ce'tl,  a  town  of  Spain,  provinc<i 
and  32  miles  W.N.W.  of  Avila.     Pop.  2177.  ! 

Piedras,  pe-d'dr&s  (i.e.,  "rocks"),  a  headland  of  thi 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  65  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Vera  Cruz. 

Picdrns,  pe-i'dr&s,  a  headland  in  the  Argentine  Ro 
public,  on  the  Plata  estuary,  90  miles  S.E.  of  Buenos  Ayret 

Piedras,  pe-i'dris,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  on  the  rivo 
Orinoco,  65  miles  W.S.W.  of  Angostura. 

Piedras  Negras,  pe-A'drAs  nd'gris  ("black  stones")! 
a  village  and  port  of  Mexico,  in  the  state  of  Cohahuila,  oi! 
the  Rio  Grande  del  Norte,  opposite  Fort  Duncan,  Tex.  I 
has  a  church. 

Piegan',  a  post-office  of  Choteau  co.,  Montana. 

Pickar,  or  Deutsch-Piekar,  doitch  pce'kar,  a  towii 
of  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  3  miles  N.  of  Beuthen.  Pop.  618-1' 
including  the  neighboring  town  of  Schailey  (pop.  3188).    , 

Piclis,  po-A'lis,  Pielisiarvi,  Pielisjarwi,  pe-i'i 
lis-yan'vee,  written  also  PieiisJoervi,a  lako  of  Finland! 
laen  and  60  miles  E.N.E.  of  Kuopio,  between  lat.  62°  bh 
and  63°  35'  N.  and  Ion.  29°  and  30°  20'  E.  Length,  5i 
miles;  greatest  breadth,  16  miles.  The  river  Pielis  carric 
its  surplus  waters  S.  into  Lake  Oriresi.  On  its  E.  tide  i 
the  village  of  Pielis. 

Piemonti,  pe-i-mon'tee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  am 
S.E.  of  Naples.     Pop.  1200.     See  also  Pikdmoxt. 

Pienza,  pe-fin'zi,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  provinri 
of  Siena,  5  miles  S.AV.  of  Montepulciano.  Pop.  3423.  ij 
has  a  college  and  a  diocesan  seminary,  and  is  u  bishop's  sea 

Pierce,  peerss  or  p?rss,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  ol 
Georgia,  has  an  area  ot^  about  555  square  miles,  it  is  in-j 
tersectcd  by  the  Satilla  River,  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the,' 
Little  Satilla,  and  also  drained  by  Hurricane  Creek.  The 
surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests 
of  pine  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  partly  sandy.  Lumber, 
cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  i; 
intersected  by  the  Savannah,  Florida  &  Western  Railroad 
and  the  Brunswick  &  Western  Railroad,  the  former  of  which 
connects  with  Blackshear,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  2778. 
in  1«80,  4538;  in  1890,  6379.  ' 

Pierce,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Nebraska,  has  at: 
area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  North 
Branch  of  the  Elkhorn  River.  The  surface  is  undulating 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Timber  is  rather  scarce  in  this  county 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  grass  or  hay  are  the  sUipU 
products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Fremont,  Elk- 
horn  &  Missouri  Valley  Railroad.  Capital,  Pierce.  Pop 
in  1870,  152;  in  1876,  estimated  at  631;  in  1880,  1202;  it 
1890,4864. 

Pierce,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Washington' 
has  an  area  of  about  1376  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  or 
the  E.  by  the  Cascade  Range,  on  tho  S.W.  by  the  Nesquallj 
River,  and  on  the  W.  by  Puget  Sound,  and  is  partly  drainct 
by  Green  and  AVhite  Rivers.  The  surface  is  diversified  will 
mountains,  valleys,  and  forests  of  the  fir,  cedar,  and  othci 
trees.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  wool 
and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  In  the  S.E.  part  of 
this  county  stands  Mount  Rainier,  14,444  feet  high.  Thi.' 
county  is  traversed  by  several  branches  of  the  Northen 
Pacific  Railroad,  which  connects  with  Tacoma,  the  capital 
Pop.  in  1870,  1409;  in  1880,  3319;  in  1890,  50,940. 

Pierce,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Wisconsin,  has  ar 
area  of  about  570  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  tho  S.W 
by  the  Mississippi  River  and  Lake  Pepin,  which  separate 
it  from  Minnesota,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  St.  Croix  River 
and  is  intersected  by  Rush  River.  The  surface  is  uneven 
and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  sugar-uiapic,  oak 
pine,  &c.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  anc 
lumber  are  the  staple  products.  Silurian  limestone  under- 
lies part  of  this  county.     On  the  shore  of  the  beautiful  Lak< 


PIE 


2161 


PIE 


Pepin  is  a  bluff,  called  Maiden  Rock,  about  400  feet  high. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Min- 
nenpolis  <fc  Omaha  Railroad.  Capital,  Ellsworth.  Pop.  in 
187(1,  9958;  in  1875,  15,101 ;  in  1880, 17,744;  in  1890,  20,385. 

Pierce,  a  station  in  Weld  co.,  Col.,  on  the  Denver  Pa- 
cific Railroad,  66  miles  N.  of  Denver. 

Pierce,  a  township  of  De  Kalb  co.,  111.     Pop.  1003. 

Pierce,  Will  co..  III.    See  Wilton  Centre. 

Pierce,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1179. 

Pierce,  a  township  of  Page  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  750. 

Pierce,  or  Pierz,  a  township  of  Morrison  co.,  Minn. 
Pop.  404. 

Pierce,  a  township  of  Stone  co..  Mo.     Pop.  781. 

Pierce,  a  township  of  Te.xas  co..  Mo.     Pop.  366. 

Pierce,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pierce  co.,  Neb.,  on 
the  North  IJranch  of  Elkhorn  River,  about  15  miles  N.  by 
W.  of  Norfolk.     It  has  a  church. 

Pierce,  a  township  of  Clermont  co.,  0.     Pop.  1773. 

Pierce,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pike  township.  Stark  eo.,  0., 
4  miles  W.  of  Magnolia,     It  has  2  churches. 

Pierce,  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.    See  New  Salem. 

Pierce,  a  township  of  Kewaunee  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  1697. 

Pierce  City,  a  post-village  of  Shoshone  co.,  Idaho,  on 
the  Oro  Fino  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Canal  Gulch,  about 
200  miles  (direct)  N.  of  Boise  City,  and  60  miles  E.  of 
Lewiston.     Gold  is  found  here. 

Pierce  City,  or  Peirce  City,  a  post-village  of  Law- 
rence CO.,  Mo.,  in  Pierce  township,  on  the  St.  Louis  &  San 
Francisco  Railroad,  50  miles  W.S.W.  of  Springfield,  and  26 
miles  S.E.  of  Carthage.  It  is  the  southeast  terminus  of  the 
Missouri  k  Western  Railroad.  It  has  2  newspaper  oflSces, 
a  bank,  4  churches,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  2511. 

Pierced  Rock,  Quebec.    See  PEncft  Rock. 

Pierce  Junction,  a  station  in  Harris  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Galveston,  Harrisburg  &  San  Antonio  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  the  Columbia  Branch  of  the  Houston  &  Texas  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Houston. 

Pierce's,  apost-ofSce  and  station  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y., 
on  Lake  Ontario,  and  on  the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg 
Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Charlotte. 

Pierce's  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H., 
on  the  Boston,  Concord  &  Montreal  Railroad,  about  18  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Lancaster,     It  has  a  largo  saw-mill. 

Pierce  Station,  a  post-ofSce  of  Obion  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Paducah  &  Memphis  Railroad,  53  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Paducah. 

Pierceton,  peerss't9n,  a  post-village  in  Washington 
township,  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort 
Wayne  A  Chicago  Railroad,  .31  miles  W.N.W.  of  Fort 
Wayne,  and  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Warsaw.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  furniture,  chairs,  and 
woollen  goods.     Pop.  1063. 

PiercetOAVn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C.,  llj 
miles  S.  of  Anderson  Court-House.     It  has  a  church. 
•  Piercevillc,  peerss'vil,  a  post-office  of  Fannin  co.,  Ga. 

Pierceville,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  co.,  HI.,  5  miles 
N.  of  Hinckley  Station. 

Pierceville,  a  post-village  of  Ripley  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Ohio  &,  Mississippi  Railroad,  45  miles  W.  of  Ciacinnati.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Pierceville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa,  4J 
miles  N.  of  Bentonsport. 

Pierceville,  a  post-office  of  Sequoyah  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Arkansas  River,  and  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa 
M  Railroad,  37i  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Dodge  City. 

Pierceville,  a  hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Eaton 
township,  2i  miles  W.  of  Eaton.     It  has  a  cotton-mill. 

Pierceville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyoming  co..  Pa.,  on 
iTunkhannock  Creek,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Nicholson  Station, 
iind  8  miles  N.E.  of  Tunkhannock. 

f  Pier  (peer)  Cove,  a  village  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Iflftnges  township,  on  Lake  Michigan,  20  miles  W.  of  Allegan. 
fit  has  1  or  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 
['  Piermont,  peer'mont,  a  post-village  in  Piermont  town- 
jfliip,  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  about  6 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Haverhill.  Pop.  of  the  township,  792. 
Piermont  Station  is  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river,  in 
[Vermont, on  the  Passumpsic  Railroad,  27  miles  N.  of  White 
River  Junction. 

Piermont,  a  post-village  in  Orangotown  township, 
Rockland  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River,  and  on  the  North- 
!rn  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  25  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City, 
ind  4  miles  S.  of  Nyack.  It  is  near  the  N.  end  of  the  Pali- 
ades,  and  is  the  eastern  terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  Erie 
lailroad  which  extends  to  Suffern.  It  has  4  churehe*,  a 
lier  1  mile  long  extending  into  the  river,  some  workshops 
if  the  railroad,  and  an  iron-foundry.     On  tbe  W.  border  of 


the  village  are  high  hills,  which  are  occupied  by  numerous 
residences.     Pop.  1703. 

Pierpont,  peer'pont,  a  post-hamlet  in  Onekama  town- 
ship, Manistee  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Michigan,  45  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Ludington,     Fire-wood  and  lumber  are  shipped  here. 

Pierpont,  a  post- village  in  Pierpont  township,  Ashta- 
bula CO.,  0.,  on  the  Ashtabula  River,  about  10  miles  E.  of 
Jefferson.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  cheese- 
factory,  and  grist-  and  saw-mills.     Pop.  of  township,  990. 

Pierre,  p?-a'?r,  a  city,  the  capital  of  South  Dakota  and 
scat  of  justice  of  Hughes  co.,  is  situated  on  the  Missouri 
River,  nearly  opposite  Fort  Pierre,  and  on  the  Chicago  4 
Northwestern  Railway,  119  miles  W.  of  Huron.  It  has 
several  churches,  a  bank,  2  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers, 
and  an  active  trade.  At  East  Pierre  is  situated  Pierre 
University  (Presbyterian). 

Pierre  ButBere,  pe-ain'  burfc-aiii',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Haute-Vienne,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Limoges. 

Pierrefitte,  pe-aiR'feet',  a  village  of  France,  in  Meuse, 
on  the  Aire,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Commeroy. 

Pierrefond,  pe-ain^f6N<'',  a  town  of  France,  in  Oise,  8 
miles  S.E.  of  CompiSgne.     Pop.  1882. 

Pierrefort,  pe-ain'fou',  a  town  of  France,  in  Cantal, 
19  miles  E.S.E.  of  Aurillac.     Pop.  1134. 

Picrrclatte,  pe-ainMitt',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Drome,  13  miles  S.  of  Montclimar,  near  the  Rhone,  on  the 
railway  from  Lyons  to  Avignon.     Pop.  2490. 

Pierre  Pertuis,  pe-ain'  pfinHwee',  a  naturally  exca.- 
vated  passage  in  the  Jura  Mountains,  in  Switzerland,  19 
miles  N.W.  of  Bern,  on  the  road  between  Bienne  and  Po- 
rentruy,  40  feet  in  height  and  from  10  to  12  feet  in  breadth. 

Pierrcpont,  peer'pont,  a  post-hamlct  in  Pierrcpont 
township,  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Canton, 
and  9  miles  S.  of  Potsdam.  It  has  manufactures  of  butter- 
tubs  and  cheese-boxes.  The  Racket  River  runs  through 
the  N.E.  part  of  the  township.  Pop.  of  the  township,  2310. 
It  contains  a  village  named  Hannaway  Falls. 

Pierrepont  Manor,  a  post-village  in  Ellisburg  town- 
ship, Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Og- 
densburg Railroad,  19  miles  S.S.W.  of  Watertown,  and  38 
miles  S.E.  of  Oswego,    It  contains  2  churches.     Pop.  300. 

Pierre's  (pe-aiaz')  Kiver,  Idaho,  rises  in  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  near  lat.  43°  30'  N.,  runs  northwestward  and 
southwestward,  and  enters  Henry's  Fork  of  the  Snake 
River  in  Oneida  co.  It  flows  in  a  deep  caiion  between 
vertical  walls  of  basalt,  which  in  some  places  are  700  feet 
high.     It  is  about  100  miles  long. 

Pierreville,  pe-aia'vil,  or  Saint  Thomas,  a  post- 
village  in  Yamaska  oo.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  St.  Francis, 
near  the  St.  Lawrence,  2Si  miles  N.E.  of  Sorel.  It  has  a 
dozen  stores,  saw-,  grist-,  and  carding-mills,  and  a  lumber- 
trade.  Buckskin  gloves,  mitts,  and  shoes  are  made  here  in 
large  quantities  by  Abenakis  Indians.  Ship-building  is 
also  engaged  in.     Pop.  1200. 

Pierreville  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Yamaska  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  St.  Francis,  3  miles  from  Pierreville,  and  30^ 
miles  from  Sorel.    Here  are  saw-,  grist-,  and  carding-mills. 

Pierron,  peer-ron',  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co..  111., 
on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  &  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  37  miles 
E.N.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Pierson,  peer's^n,  a  township  of  Vigo  eo.,  Ind.  P.  1489 

Pierson,  a  post-village  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Pierson  township,  on  White  Fish  Lake,  and  on  the  Grand 
Rapids  <fe  Indiana  Railroad,  28  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Grand 
Rapids,  and  5i  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Howard  City.  It  has  a 
graded  school,  4  lumber-mills,  a  planing-mill,  and  2  shingle- 
mills.  Pop.  about  600;  of  the  township,  1531.  The  town- 
ship contains  a  lesser  village,  named  Woodlake. 

Pierson  Station,  a  post-office  of  Piatt  co..  111.,  in 
Unity  township. 

Pierz,  Morrison  co.,  Minn.     See  Pieuce. 

Pietas  Julia,  an  ancient  name  of  Pola. 

Pietermaritzburg,  pee'ter-mar'its-buRO,  also  called 
3Iaritzburg,  a  handsome  town,  the  capital  of  the  British 
colonial  territory  of  Natal,  in  South  Africa,  50  miles  N.W, 
of  Durban.  It  is  an  Anglican  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  gov- 
ernment house  and  other  good  public  buildings.   P.  17,500. 

Pietershoek,  Netherlands.    See  Puttkrshoek. 

Pietole,  pe-i'to-li,  a  village  of  Lombardy,  2  miles  S.E 
of  Mantua,  on  the  Mincio.  It  occupies  the  site  of  the  ancient 
Andes,  the  birthplace  of  Virgil. 

Pietra,  pe-i'tri,  a  small  town  of  Italy,  on  the  Gulf  of 
Genoa,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Albenga.     Pop.  1781. 

Pietra  Abbondante,  pe-i'tri  ib-bon-din'ti,  a  town 
of  Italy,  in  Campobasso,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Isernia.    P.  3791. 

Pietra  Camela,  pe-i'tri  kl-mA'll,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  12  miles  S.W.  of  Teramo.     Pop.  1755. 


FIE 


im 


PIK 


rn  Cnlella,  pe-i'tr&  k&-tdril,  a  town  of  Italy, 
nnd  14  miles  K.N.K.  of  CainimboMO.  I'up.  33.'{0. 
ra  di  Fusif  no-&'tr4  doo  foo'see,  a  town  of  Italy, 


Pietrn  Cnlella,  pe-i'trA  k&tdril,  a  town  of  Italy, 
provinco  nt 

Piotra  ai  rusif no-a'tn 
In  Avoliino,  H  "liltM  N.E.  of  Montefutoo.     Pop.  6(00. 

Pietra  di  Moiitu  Corvino,  pe-A'tr&  dec  inon'td  kon- 
Tee'no,  a  tuirn  of  Italy,  province  of  Foggia,  4  niilos  S.S.E. 
of  Catalnuovo.     Pop.  3:i32. 

Pietra  Ferrniiza,  po-il'ti&  fJR-u&n'zA,  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  of  Chicti,  S.  of  Lanciano.     Pop.  500. 

Pietrn  Fcsa,  pe-d'tr&  fd's&,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  12  uiilcs  S.\Y.  of  Potcnza.     Pop.  2710. 

Pietrn  Gnlla,  po-d'trH  gil'l/l,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince anil  8  miios  N.N.E.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  C028. 

Pictraiii,  pc-dHri.K<>',  a  village  of  liolgium,  in  Brabant, 
6.E.  of  Brussels.     Pon.  1311. 

Pietrnlcinn,  po-AHrill-chco'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Avellino,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ariano.     Pop.  2995. 

Pietrnmnln,  po-AHril-ra&'l&,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  23  miles  N.N.E.  of  Florence,  near  Monte  di  Fo. 

Pietrnmaln,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Calabria,  near  the 
const,  S.  of  Ajollo.     Pop.  1844. 

Pietrn  i>[cllnrn,  po-i'tri  mSl-ll'ri,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Ciisorta,  11  miles  N.  of  Capua.     Pop.  3120. 

Pietrn  Pertosn,  pe-A'tr4  pfin-to'si,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  2882. 

Pietrnperzinfpe-d'tr&-pdRd'zeo-&,  a  town  of  Sicily,  6 
miles  S.E.  of  Caltanisetta.  Pop.  10,149,  who  trade  in  corn, 
almonds,  and  pistachios.     Near  it  are  sulphur-mines. 

Pietrn  Rojn,  pe-4'tri  ro'yi,  a  town  of  Italy,  provinco 
of  Caserta,  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Piedimonte. 

Pictrnsnntn,  pe-d'tri-sin'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Tus- 
cany, provinco  and  17  miles  N.N.Sv.  of  Pisa.  It  has  a  fine 
church  and  a  palace.     Pop.  4656;  of  commune,  13,227. 

Pietrn  Storninn,  pe-i'tri  ston-noo'nS.,  a  town  of 
Italy,  provinco  and  7  miles  N.W.  of  Avellino.     Pop.  3314. 

Pietrebais,  pe-i'trQh-bA'  (Chapem-k,  shi'pSH',  or 
Sai.nt-Lauue.vt,  8aN"-lo*r6N»'),  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Bra- 
bant, 13  miles  E.S.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1169. 

Pictro-nd-Siphim,  pe-i'tro-.ad-see'fim,  a  village  of 
Italy,  province  of  Salerno,  N.W.  of  Salerno.     Pop.  2000. 

Pietro-n- Patierno,  pe-i'tro-i-pd-te-in'no  (ane. 
Pater'num  ?),  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Naples.  P.  2482. 

Pietro-Avelinnn,  pe-A'tro-i-v6l-l4'na,  a  town  of 
Italy,  in  Campobasso,  15  miles  N.  of  Isernia.     Pop.  2202. 

Pietro-in-Fine,  po-i'tro-in-fco'ni,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Caserta,  27  miles  S.E.  of  Sora.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  hospital.     Pop.  1310. 

Pietro-in-Lninn,  pe-i'tro-in-li'm.1,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  S.W.  of  Lecce.     Pop.  1250. 

Pietro  Moncorvino.  See  Pietra  m  Monte  Corvino. 

Pietro-Vnirnno,  pe-i'tro-vi-ri'no,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  16  miles  N.  of  Capua.     Pop.  3030. 

Pietro- Vernotico,  pe-.Vtro-v5R-not'e-ko,  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  and  10  miles  N.W.  of  Lecce.     Pop.  2789. 

Pieux,  Les,  li  pe-ch',  a  town  of  France,  in  Mancho,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Cherbourg.     Pop.  1526. 

Pieve,  pe-i'vi,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  provinco 
and  8  miles  S.  of  Milan,  on  the  Lambro.     Pop.  1085. 

Pieve,  or  Pieve  del  Tecco,  po-i'vi  d5l  tJk'ko,  a 
town  of  Italy,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Oneglia.     Pop.  3154. 

Pieve  del  Cniro,  pc-i'vi  d51  kl'ro,  a  town  of  Itiily, 
province  of  Novara,  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mortara.    Pop.  3356. 

Pieve  di  Cndore,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Cadoue. 

Pieve  di  Valmozzoin,  Italy.    See  Valmozzoi.a. 

Pieve  d'Olmi,  pe-i'vi  dol'mee,  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
Lombardy,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Cremona.     Pop.  1694. 

Pieve  Porto  Moronc,  pe-i'vA  poii'to  ino-ro'ni,  a 
town  of  Italy,  province  and  E.S.E.  of  Pa  via,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Po.     Pop.  3095. 

Pieve  Snn  Giaconio,  pe-i'vd  sJn  ji'ko-mo,  a  vil- 
lage of  Italy,  provinco  of  Cremona.     Pop.  1104. 

Pieve  Santo-Stefano,  pe-d'vi  sin'to-stdf'&-no,  a 
town  of  Italy,  province  of  Florence,  10  miles  N.E.  of 
Arezzo,  on  the  Tiber.     Pop.  of  commune,  4255. 

Pif  Tnrd',  a  post-hamlet  in  York  township,  Livingston 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Genesee  Valley  Canal,  2  miles  from  Qen- 
eseo.     It  has  a  church,  a  lumber-mill,  Ac.    Pop.  about  130. 

Pigeon,  pTj'un,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  111.,  9 
miles  N.E.  of  Mount  Vernon. 

Pigeon,  a  township  of  Vanderburg  co.,  Ind.  Pop., 
excluding  Evansville,  875. 

Pigeon,  a  township  of  Warrick  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1646. 

Pigeon,  a  township  of  Trempeiileau  co.,  Wis.     P.  619. 

Pigeon  Cove,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  in 
Kockport  township,  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  is  on  the  sea-shore, 
about  33  miles  N.N.E.  of  Boston,  and  2  miles  N.  of  Rock- 
port.    Uere  are  several  hotels  and  boarding-houses. 


Pigeon  Creek,  Indiana,  rises  in  Gibson  co.,  nini 
southward  through  Warrick  co.,  and  enters  the  Ohio  Rivoi 
at  Evansville.     It  is  nearly  50  miles  long. 

Pigeon  Creek,  a  post-hamlct  of  Butler  co.,  Ala.,  14 
miles  S.  of  Greenville.     It  has  2  churches  nnd  nn  acadouiv, 

Pigeon  Creek  Centre,  post-office,  Jackson  co.,  \\\». 

Pigeon  Falls,  a  post-hainlot  of  Trempealeau  co..  Wis., 
on  Pigeon  Creek,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Whitehall  Station.  It 
has  a  church. 

Pigeon  Forge,  a  post-office  of  Sevier  co.,  Tonn,,  26 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Knoxville. 

Pigeon  Hill,  a  j)ost-hamlet  of  Union  co..  Ark.,  on  the 
Ouachita  Kivcr,  40  miles  S.E.  of  Camden.    It  has  a  ohurcli. 

Pigeon  Hill,  a  post- village  in  Missisquoi  co.,  Quebec 
5  miles  E.  of  St.  Armand.  It  contains  a  church,  3  stores, 
and  2  hotels.     Pop.  2U0. 

Pigeon  I.slandii,  in  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  are  4 
miles  S.E.  of  Milo. 

Pigeon  Point,  a  post-office  and  shipping-point  of 
San  Mateo  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Pacific  Ocean,  52  miles  S.  of 
San  Francisco.     Here  is  a  light-house  162  feet  high. 

Pigeon  River,  Alabama,  rises  in  Butler  co.,  runs  in  a 
S.S.W.  direction,  and  enters  the  Sepulga  River  on  the  E. 
border  of  Conecuh  eo. 

Pigeon  River  (of  the  St.  Joseph)  rises  in  Steuben 
CO.,  Ind.,  and  runs  in  a  W.N.W.  direction  through  La 
Grange  oo.,  from  which  it  passes  into  Michigan.  It  enters 
the  St.  Joseph  River  in  Cass  co.,  Mich.,  about  13  milei 
above  Elkhart. 

Pigeon  River,  North  Carolina.  See  Bio  Pioko.v  River, 

Pigeon  River,  a  village  of  Lake  co.,  Minn.,  on  Lake 
Superior,  at  the  mouth  of  Pigeon  River,  150  miles  N.E.  of 
Duluth.     It  hns  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  fish-barrels. 

Pigeon  River,  a  post-office  of  Haywood  co.,  N.C. 

Pigeon  Run,  a  post-village  in  Tuscarawas  township, 
Stark  CO.,  0.,  2  miles  from  Navarre.  It  has  2  churches  nnd 
a  coal-mine.     Pop.  about  300. 

Pigeon  Run,  or  Gnlcsburg,  galz'bQrg,  a  post-vil- 
lage of  Campbell  co.,  Va.,  22  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lynchburg, 
It  has  2  churches. 

Pigeon  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Haywood  co.,  N.C. 

Pig  Island,  an  island  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean,  in 
Louisiade  Archipelago.  Lat.  11°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  153°  15'  E. 
The  natives  are  dark  copper-colored. 

Pigna,  peon'yi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Porto  Man- 
rizio,  27  miles  N.E.  of  Nice.     Pop.  of  commune,  3211. 

Pignan,  pcen^yfiN"',  a  town  of  France,  in  IlCrault,  8 
miles  W.  of  Montpellier.     Pop.  2063. 

Pignans,  pccn'yftNo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Var,  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Brignolles.  Pop.  2371.  It  has  copper-works 
and  paper-mills. 

Pignataro,  peen-yi-tl'ro,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
and  N.W.  of  Caserta.     Pop.  3793. 

Pignerol,  the  French  name  of  Pinerolo. 

Pignone,  peen-yo'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  provinco  ol 
Genoa,  not  far  from  Levanto.     Pop.  1283. 

Pig  River,  Virginia,  rises  in  the  Blue  Ridge,  runs  east- 
ward through  Franklin  co.,  and  enters  the  Staunton  River 
on  the  N.  border  of  Pittsylvania  co. 

Pig  River,  a  post-hamlct  of  Franklin  co.,  Va.,  about 
12  miles  W.  of  Rocky  Mount. 

Pyan,  or  Pidjan,  pcc'jin',  a  town  of  Chinese  Toor- 
kistan,  40  miles  E.  of  Toorfan. 

Pijan,  or  Pidjnn,  a  town  of  Chinese  Toorkistan,  50 
miles  W.  of  Aksoo  (Aksou).  The  ruins  of  Old  Pijan  (or 
Pidjan)  are  140  miles  E.N.E.  of  Kashgar. 

Pike,  pik,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Alabama,  has 
an  area  of  about  710  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Conecuh,  Patsaliga,  and  Pea  Rivers.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating or  nearly  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with 
pine  forests.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian 
corn,  cattle,  pork,  and  sweet  potatoes  arc  the  ctaple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Central  Railroad  of 
Georgia  and  the  Alabama  Midland  Railroad,  both  of  which 
connect  with  Troy,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  17,423;  in 
1880,  20,640;  in  1890,  24,423. 

Pike,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Arkansas,  has  an 
area  of  about  620  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Little  Missouri  River,  and  drained  by  many  of  its  afiiuents 
and  other  small  streams.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Antoine 
Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  white  oak,  pine,  and  other  trees.  Indian  corn, 
cotton,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Cretaceous  lime- 
stone, gypsum,  marl,  alum,  and  other  minerals  are  found 
in  this  county.  Capital,  Murf  reef  borough.  Pop.  in  1870, 
3788;  in  1880,  6345;  in  1890,  8537. 

Pike,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an  area 


PIK 


2163 


Pit 


of  about  262  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by 
Flint  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Potato  Creek.  The 
surface  is  hilly,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The 
soil  is  moderately  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Central 
Railroad  of  Georgia,  and  by  the  Atlanta  &  Florida  Railroad, 
'which  connects  with  Zebulon,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
10,905;  in  1880,  15,849;  in  1890,  16,300. 

Pike,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an  area 
of  about  795  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Illinois  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Mississippi  River, 
\Tbich  separates  it  from  Missouri.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating, and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  forests  of  hard 
timber.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  maize,  cattle,  hay, 
pork,  and  oats  are  the  staples.  Among  its  minerals  are 
bituminous  coal  and  Niagara  limestone.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  the  Wabash  Railroad  and  the  Chicago,  liur- 
lington  <fc  Quincy  Railroad,  the  former  of  which  connects 
with  Pittsfield,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  30,768;  in  1880, 
33J51;  in  1890,  31,000. 

Pike,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Indiana,  has  an  area 
of  about  310  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by 
j White  River  and  the  East  Fork  of  that  river,  and  is  inter- 
sected by  Patoka  Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  a 
large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
'Indian  corn,  wheat,  tobacco,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
Sncts.  Mines  of  bituminous  coal  have  been  opened  in  this 
jcounty.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Evansville  &  Terre  Haute 
'Railroad  and  the  Louisville,  Evansville  &  St.  Louis  Rail- 
jroad,  the  former  of  which  connects  with  Petersburg,  the 
"capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,779;  in  1880,  16,383;  in  1890, 
|l8,544. 

I  Pike,  the  most  eastern  county  of  Kentucky,  borders  on 
fVirginia.  Area,  about  780  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
Ithree  branches  of  the  Big  Sandy  River,  respectively  named 
(the  Elkhorn,  Louisa,  and  Russel's  Forks.  It  is  bounded 
pn  the  S.E.  by  the  Cumberland  Mountain.  The  surface  is 
ailly,  and  mostly  covered  witli  forests.  Indian  corn,  cattle, 
md  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Bituminous  coal  is  found 
n  this  county.  Capital,  Pikcville.  Pop.  in  1870,9562; 
n  1880,  13,001;  in  1890,  17,378. 

Pike,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Mississippi,  borders  on 
Jouisiana.  Area,  about  720  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
ly  Bogue  Chitto,  and  also  drained  by  the  Tangipahoa  River. 
?he  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  partly  covered  with  for- 
jsts,  in  which  the  cypress  and  magnolia  are  found.  The 
I  oil  is  mostly  sandy.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are 
he  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  from  N.  to 
'!.  bythe  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  which  connects  with 
Jlagnolia,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,303;  in  1880, 
[6,688;  in  1890,  21,203. 

i  Pike,  a  county  of  Missouri,  bordering  on  Illinois,  has 

;n  area  of  about  620  square  miles.     It  is  bounded  on  the 

|I.E.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  is  intersected  by  Salt  River, 

jnd  also  drained  by  Copper  River  and  Spencer's  Creek. 

'  he  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  is  extensively  cov- 

:ed  with  forests  of  the  oak,  ash,  elm,  walnut,  hickory, 

igar-maple,  &o.     The  soil  is  fertile.     Wheat,  Indian  corn, 

its,  cattle,  hay,  pork,  and  tobacco  are  the  staple  products. 

ower  Silurian  rocks  crop  out  in  this  county,  which  has 

.80  e.xtensive  deposits  of  carboniferous  limestone.     It  is 

ilersected  by  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  the  St.  Louis 

Hannibal  Railroad,  and  the  St.  Louis,  Keokuk  &  North- 

estern  Railroad.     Capital,  Bowling  Green.     Pop.  in  1870, 

M76;  in  1880,  26,715;  in  1890,  26,321. 

Pike,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an  area  of 

|»6ut  436  square  miles.     It  is  intersected  by  Scioto  River, 

iid  also  drained  by  Beaver  and  Sunfish  Creeks.     The  sur- 

00  is  hilly,  and  nearly  one-third  of   it  is  covered  with 

rests.    The  soil  is  fertile.     Maize,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork 

'e  the  staple  products.     This  county  is  traversed  by  the 

lio  Canal,  the  Ohio  Soutliern  Railroad,  and  the  Norfolk 

Western  Railroad.      Capital,  Waverly.      Pop.  in  1870, 

.447:  in  1880,  17,927;  in  1890,  17,482. 

Pike,  a  northeastern  county  of  Pennsylvania,  borders 

New  Jersey  and  New  York.     Area,  about  620  square 

les.    It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  and  S.E.  by  the  Delaware 

ver,  and  is  drained  by  the  Lackawa.xen  and  Shohola 

-eks.   The  surface  is  hilly  and  rugged.    The  soil  is  mostly 

*r.    Forests  of  scrubby  oaks  and  other  trees  cover  a  large 

t  of  the  county.     Lumber,  potatoes,  hay,  and  Indian 

n  are  the  staple  products.     The  New  York,  Lake  Erie  & 

stern  Railroad  passes  ijlong  its  N.E.  border.     Capital, 

iford.     Pop.  in  1870,8436;  in  1880,  9663;  in  1890,9112. 

Pike,  or  Quincy  Junction,  a  station  in  Pike  co., 

,  on  the  Quincy,  Alton  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  at  its  junc- 

1  with  a  branch  of  the  Chicago  <fc  Alton  Railroad,  on  the 


E.  b.ank  of  the  Mississippi  River,  opposite  Louisiana,  Mo., 
with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  fine  iron  rail  road -bridge. 

Pike,  a  township  of  Jay  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1585. 

Pike,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  2206. 

Pike,  a  township  of  Muscatine  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  840. 

Pike,  a  township  of  Ohio  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  921. 

Pike,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  941. 

Pike,  a  township  of  Lyon  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  710.  It 
contains  Plymouth. 

Pike,  a  township  of  Stoddard  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1421. 

Pike,  a  post-village  in  Pike  township,  Wyoming  CO., 
N.Y.,  on  Wiscoy  Creek,  about  45  miles  E.S.E.  of  Buffalo, 
and  13  miles  S.  of  Warsaw.  It  has  4  churches,  a  seminary, 
a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  foundry,  2  saw-mills,  a  woollen- 
mill,  and  2  cheese-factories.  Pop.  551.  The  township  con- 
tains another  village,  named  East  Pike.     Total  pop.  1727. 

Pike,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.C. 

Pike,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  0.     Pop.  1314. 

Pike,  a  township  of  Clark  co.,  0.  Pop.  1581.  It  con- 
tains Dialton  and  North  Hampton. 

Pike,  a  township  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.  Pop.  773.  It 
contains  West  Carlisle. 

Pike,  a  township  of  Fukon  co.,  0.    Pop.  878. 

Pike,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  0.     Pop.  1301. 

Pike,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  0.  Pop.  394.  It 
contains  Liverpool. 

Pike,  a  township  of  Perry  co.,  0.  Pop.  2319.  It  con- 
tains New  Lexington. 

Pike,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  0.,  is  at  Bethel,  a  hamlet 
22  miles  N.  of  Portsmouth. 

Pike,  a  township  of  Stark  co.,  0.     Pop.  1333. 

Pike,  a  township  of  Berks  co..  Pa.     Pop.  925. 

Pike,  a  township  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1814. 

Pike,  a  township  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1138. 

Pike,  a  township  of  Potter  co..  Pa.     Pop.  184. 

Pike  City,  a  post-village  of  Sierra  co.,  Cal.,  about  16 
miles  N.E.  of  Nevada. 

Pike  Creek,  a  township  of  Shannon  co..  Mo.     P.  155, 

Pike  Five  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  AVyoming  co.,  N.Y'., 
2  miles  from  Pike  Village. 

Pike'Iand,  a  station  in  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Picker- 
ing Valley  Railroad,  7  miles  AV.  by  S.  of  Phoenixville. 

Pike  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pike  township,  Potter 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  Pino  Creek,  about  46  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Lock 
Haven.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Pike  Pond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y'.,  8 
miles  E.  of  Callicoon  Depot.  It  has  a  church,  a  tannery, 
and  a  lumber-mill. 

Pike  River,  of  Oconto  co.,  Wis.,  runs  southeastward, 
and  enters  the  Menomonee  River,     Length,  50  miles. 

Pike  River,  a  post-village  in  Missisquoi  co.,  Quebec, 
2  miles  from  Des  Rivieres.     Pop.  200, 

Pike  Road,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ala.,  on 
a  railroad,  16  miles  E.  of  Montgomery. 

Pike  Run,  AVashington  co..  Pa.    See  Greenfield. 

Pike's  Corners,  Ontario.     See  IIauuowsmith. 

Pike's  Peak,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Front  Range  of 
the  Rocky  Mountains,  in  El  Paso  co.,  about  10  miles  AV.  of 
Colorado  Springs.  Lat.  38°  50'  27"  N. ;  Ion.  105°  2'  26" 
AV.  Its  altitude  is  14,147  feet  above  the  sea-level,  and  its 
top  is  covered  with  perpetual  s»ow,  while  its  sides  are  partly 
covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  fir.  On  its  summit  is  a 
government  signal  station,  which  commands  a  magnificent 
view  of  a  region  200  miles  in  circuit. 

Pike's  Peak,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  co.,  Ind.,  about 
14  miles  AV.S.AV.  of  Columbus. 

Pike's  Peak,  a  hamlet  in  Nankin  township,  AA'ayne 
CO.,  Mich.,  2  miles  from  Livonia  Station.     It  has  a  mill. 

Pike's  Peak,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Deer 
Lodge  CO.,  Montana,  about  50  miles  AV.  of  Helena.  It  has 
placer-mines  of  gold,  2  stores,  <fec. 

Pike  Station,  a  post-village  in  Canaan  township, 
AVayne  co.,  0.,  on  the  Atlantic  &  Great  AVestern  Railroad, 
25  miles  AV.S.AV.  of  Akron.     It  has  a  church. 

Pikesville,  piks'vll,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co., 
Md.,  on  the  AVestern  Maryland  Railroad,  8  miles  N.AV.  of 
Baltimore,  It  has  5  churches  and  a  Catholic  seminary  for 
boys.     Hero  is  a  United  States  arsenal, 

Pikesville,  Ohio,    See  Pikeville. 

Pikesville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pike  township,  Berks  co., 
Pa.,  7  miles  N.AV.  of  Boyerstown.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
flouring-mill. 

Pike'ton,  or  Pike'ville,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Pike  CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  AVcst  Fork  of  Big  Sandy  River,  about 
135  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lexington.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
grist-mill.     Pop.  140. 

Piketon,  a  post-bamlet  of  Stoddard  co..  Mo.,  20  milea 


PIR 


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PIL 


6.S.W.  of  Allenville  SUtion,  and  about  44  miles  W.  of 
Cairo,  III.     It  has  a  church. 

Pikcton,  a  po«t-villago  in  Soal  township,  Piko  oo.,  0., 
on  the  E.  banic  of  the  Suiuto  Kivor,  20  miles  S.  of  Cbilli- 
cotho,  and  4  miles  S.  of  Wavorly.  It  contains  u  bunk,  0 
churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  furniture- factory.     P.  (538, 

I'iko'ville*  a  ]>ost-villnge,  capital  of  Marion  co.,  Ala., 
about  70  milea  S.  by  AV.  of  Florence.     It  bos  a  church. 

Pikeville,  a  post-oflico  of  Piko  co.,  Ind. 

Pikeville,  Pike  co.,  Ky.    See  Pikkton. 

Pikeville,  a  post-hauilet  in  Pikeville  township,  Wayae 
00.,  N.C.,  on  the  Wilmington  &  Weidon  Railroad,  8  miles 
N.  of  Qoldsborough.  It  has  2  churches  and  2  stores.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1720. 

PikevillCt  a  post-village  in  Qrccnville  township,  Dnrke 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Columbus,  Chicago  &  Indiana  Central  Ilail- 
road,  20  miles  W.  of  Piquo.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw- 
mill. 

Pikeville^  a  post-village,  capital  of  Bledsoe  co.,  Tenn., 
in  the  Sequatchie  Valley,  near  toe  Cumberland  Mountain, 
about  50  miles  N.  of  Chattanooga.  It  has  3  churches  and 
a  college.     Pop.  188. 

Pilfto  Arcado,  pe-l5wM«'  aR-k&'do,  a  town  of  Brazil, 
state  of  Bahia,  on  the  river  Sao  Francisco.  Lat.  11°  30' 
S. :  Ion.  42°  40'  W.     Pop.  5000. 

Pilar,  pc-laii',  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Parahiba,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Paraliiba  River,  and  50  milus  W.  of  the 
city  of  Parahiba.     Pop.  3400. 

Pilar,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  170  miles  N.  of 
Goyaz,  almost  encircled  by  the  Uruhu  and  Vermclho,  tribu- 
taries to  the  Almas.     Pop.  1500. 

Pilar,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state  of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  on 
the  Pilar.     Pop.  3000. 

Pilar,  a  town  of  Paraguay.    See  SfeEMBucu. 

Pilares,  Capo  de  los,  k&'po  di  loce  pe-I&'rSs,  the 
N.W.  extremity  of  Terra  del  Fuego. 

Pilas,  poo'lis,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  IS  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Seville.     Pop.  2897. 

Pilas,  one  of  the  Sooloo  Islands,  in  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago. 

Pilate,  peeMit',  amountainof  France,  in  theCCvennes 
chain,  between  the  departments  of  Rhone  and  Loire. 

Pilate,  Pilat  (pee'llf),  or  Pilatns  (poe-11'toos), 
Mount,  a  branch  of  the  Alps,  between  the  Swiss  cantons 
of  Lucerne  and  Unterwalden. 

Pilatka,  Putnam  co.,  Fla.    See  Palatka. 

Pilaya,  pe-iri,  or  Tupiza,  too-peo'si,  a  river  of 
South  America,  rises  near  the  S.W.  frontiers  of  Bolivia, 
flows  E.N.B.  under  the  name  of  San  Juan,  and  then  under 
that  of  Pilaya,  and,  after  a  course  of  nearly  300  miles, 
joins  the  right  branch  of  the  Pilcomayo,  about  20°  30'  S. 

Pilcher,  Belmont  co.,  0.    See  New  Castle. 

Pilcomayo,  pil-ko-ml'o,  or  Araguai,  &-r&-gw!',  a 
river  of  South  America,  rises  near  the  city  of  Chuquisaca, 
in  Bolivia,  flows  S.E.  through  the  Llanus,  and  joins  the 
Paraguay  nearly  opposite  Assumption,  by  two  branches.  The 
N.  (or  main)  branch  is  called  Pilcomayo  or  Araguai  Guazu, 
the  S.  Araguai  Mino.  Total  course  estimated  at  1000  miles. 
Its  chief  affluents  are  the  Pilaya  and  Paspaya.  In  its 
lower  course  it  forms  part  of  the  boundary  between  the 
Argentine  Republic  and  Paraguay. 

Piles  Grove,  a  township  of  Salem  oo.,  N.J.     P.  3385. 

Pilgram,  pil'grira,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  25  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Tabor.     Pop.  3909,  who  manufacture  woollens. 

Pilgramsdorf,  pil'grims-doRr,  a  village  of  Prussia, 
in  Silesia,  government  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  1630. 

Pil'grim  Port,  a  hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  2  or  3 
miles  from  Lyons. 

Pil'grims,  four  islands  lying  off  the  S.  shore  of  the  St. 
Lawrence,  below  L'Islet. 

Pilgrim's  Rest,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Ala.,  40 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Tuscaloosa. 

Pilica,  pe-leet'sl,  or  Pilit'za,  a  town  of  Poland,  in 
Klelce,  on  tne  Pilica,  an  affluent  of  the  Vistula,  33  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Cracow.     Pop.  3000. 

Pilkallen,  pil'k41-l§n,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  18 
miles  N.E.  of  Gumbinnen.     Pop.  238R. 

Pil'lar  Point,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Brown ville  township,  at  the  mouth  of  Black  River,  which 
here  enters  Lake  Ontario,  about  12  miles  W.  of  Watertown. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Pillan,  pil'l3w,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  at  the  entrance 
of  the  Frische-Haff,  25  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Konigsberg, 
of  which,  and  of  Elbing  and  Braunsborg,  it  is  the  port. 
Pop.  3196. 

Pilleebheet,  or  Pilibhit,  pll-lee-beet',  a  town  of 
India,  district  and  35  miles  N.E.  of  Bareilly.     It  is  a  great 


mart  for  trade  in  all  kinds  of  produce,  timber,  wa.x,  wool 
hono^,  borax,  and  metals.     Pop.  29,840. 

Pillow,  Dauphin  oo.,  Pa.    See  Unioktowk. 

Pil'low'8,  a  post-oflico  of  Phillips  oo.,  Ark. 

PillNliury,  pilz'bcr-ro,  a  post-office  of  Todd  co.,  Minn. 

Pill'towu,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kilkenny,  4  tuilci 
E.  of  Carriok-on-Suir. 

Pi'lot,  a  township  of  Kankakee  oo.,  III.  Pop.  1U0. 
The  post-oBico  is  called  Ilcrschcr,  and  is  on  the  Illinoii 
Central  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Kankakee. 

Pilot,  a  post-township  of  Vermilion  co.,  111.  pop 
1332.     Pilot  Post-Offico  is  ot  Newtown. 

Pilot,  a  township  of  Cherokee  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  462,  It 
contains  Pilot  Rock. 

Pilot,  a  township  of  Iowa  CO.,  Iowa.  Pop.  720,  Post- 
office,  West  IMIot. 

Pilot,  a  township  of  Surry  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1311. 

Pilot,  a  ])0!it-hninIct  of  Montgomery  co.,  Va.,  9  mllei 
S.S.E.  of  Cliriftiansburg.     It  has  flour-  and  f<aw-inillg. 

Pilot  Centre,  a  hamlet  in  Pilot  township,  Kankakee 
CO.,  III.,  II  miles  S.W.  of  Kankakee. 

Pilot  Grove,  a  township  of  Ilanccck  co.,Ill.    P.  1217. 

Pilot  (arove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Newton  co.,  Ind.,  about 
45  miles  N.W.  of  Lafayette. 

Pilot  Grove,  a  post- hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa,  about  13 
miles  S.  of  Mount  Pleasant.     It  has  2  churches. 

Pilot  Grove,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  lows. 
Pop.  838. 

Pilot  Grove,  a  post-township  of  Faribault  co.,  Mino., 
nboul  10  miles  S.W.  of  Blue  Earth  City.     Pop.  329. 

Pilot  Grove,  a  post-village  in  Pilot  Grove  tx)wnsbip, 
Cooper  CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &,  Texas  Railroad, 
11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Boonville.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
plough-factory.     Pop.  of  the  township,  in  1891),  600. 

Pilot  Grove,  a  township  of  Moniteau  co..  Mo.     P.  1024. 

Pilot  Grove,  a  post-vill.ageof  Grayson  co.,  Tex.,  about 
15  miles  S.E.  of  Sherman.     It  has  3  churches. 

Pilot  Hill,  a  post-village  of  El  Dorado  co.,  Cnl.,  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Auburn,  and  about  34  miles  N.E.  of  Sacramento. 
It  has  gold-mines,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  masonic  hall. 

Pilot  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Tcnn. 

Pilot  Island,  Red  Sea.    See  FisiIkiiman's  Rock. 

Pilot  Knob,  nob,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Ind., 
about  32  miles  W.  of  New  Albany.     It  has  3  churches. 

Pilot  Knob,  a  post-office  of  Todd  co.,  Ky. 

Pilot  Knob,  a  post-village  in  Arcadia  township,  Iron 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Rail- 
road, 86  miles  S.  by  AV.  of  St.  Louis,  and  5  miles  S.  of  Iron 
Mountain.  Hero  is  a  remarkable  hill,  which  is  almost  a 
solid  mass  of  excellent  iron  ore.  The  village  is  mainly 
supported  by  operations  in  iron.  It  has  3  churches  and  an 
iron-smelting  furn.ace.     Pop.  in  1880,  l.')59;  in  1.S9U,  7»7. 

Pilot  Knob,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  Tenn. 

Pilot  Knob,  a  post-office  of  Denton  co.,  Tex. 

Pilot  Knob,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co..  Wis.,  about  33 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Portage  City. 

Pilot  Mound,  a  post-village  in  Pilot  Mound  township, 
Boone  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Des  Moines  River,  about  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Boone,  and  30  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Fort  Dodge. 
Here  is  a  mound  about  100  feet  high.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 697. 

Pilot  Mound,  a  post-village  in  Pilot  Mound  township, 
Fillmore  co.,  Minn.,  about  24  miles  S.W.  of  Winona,  .ind  12 
miles  W.  of  Rushford.  The  township  is  intersected  by  Root 
River,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1023. 

Pilot  Mountain,  North  Carolina,  is  a  prominent  land- 
mark in  Surry  co.,  about  5  miles  N.  of  the  Yadkin  River. 

Pilot  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Stokes  co.,  N.C,  25 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Salem. 

Pilot  Oak,  a  post-office  of  Graves  co.,  Ky. 

Pilot  Peak,  California,  a  peak  of  the  Sierra  Nevada, 
in  Plumas  co.,  about  15  miles  S.  of  Quiney,  and  near  lat. 
39°  55'  N.     It  has  an  altitude  of  7605  feet. 

Pilot  Peak,  a  volcanic  peak  in  the  N.  part  of  Wyo- 
ming, 1  mile  S.  of  Index  Peak.  Its  height  is  estimated  nt 
10,500  feet.  Silver-mines  have  been  opened  very  near  tliis 
mountain,  which  is  on  the  divide  between  Clarke's  Fork  and 
the  East  Fork  of  the  Yellowstone  River. 

Pilot  Point,  a  post-village  of  Denton  co.,  Tex.,  about 
45  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Dallas,  and  28  miles  S.W.  of  Shcriimn. 
It  has  a  newspaper  office,  4  churches,  2  flouring-mills,  and 
a  broom-factory.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Pilot  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pilot  township,  Chero- 
kee CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Little  Sioux  River,  about  50  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Sioux  City. 

Pilot  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Umatilla  oo.,  Oregon.  50 
miles  S.  of  Walla  AValla. 


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2185 


pm 


Pilot  Town,  a  hamlet  and  surnraer  resort  of  Duval 
eo.  Fla.,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  St.  John's  River,  near  the 
ocean,  20  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Jacksonville. 

Pilot  Town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Plaquemines  parish, 
La.  near  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  on  one  of  the  mouths  of  the 
Mississippi. 

Pilsen,  pil's^n,  Pilzcn,  pilt's§n,  or  Pilsna,  pils'ni 
(Neu,  noi),  i.e.,  New  Pilsex,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  the  Be- 
raun,  52  miles  W.S.W.  of  Prague.  Pop.  23,681.  It  is  one  of 
the  most  important  commercial  towns  in  Bohemia,  and  has 
a  fine  Gothic  church,  town  hall,  gymnasium,  theatre,  mili- 
tary and  other  schools,  flourishing  manufactures  of  woollen 
cuoils,  morocco  leather,  iron  and  horn  wares,  beer,  and  pot- 
tery, a  largo  annual  fair,  and  a  considerable  transit  trade 
with  Bavaria.  Alt,  flit  (or  "  Old"),  Pilsex  is  5  miles  S.E. 
of  the  above  town.     Pop.  1326. 

Pilsno,  pils'no,  a  town  of  Austrian  Poland,  in  Galtcia, 
12  miles  E.  of  Tarnow,  on  the  Wisloka.     Pop.  1430. 

Pilten,  pil't§n,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Courland,  on  the 
Vindau,  92  miles  W.N.W.  of  Mitau.     Pop.  1496. 

Pil'zen,  a  post-office  of  Saunders  co.,  Neb. 

Fiinn,  peo'ma,  a  large  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Arizona, 
borders  on  Mexico.  It  is  partly  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
Rio  Gila,  is  intersected  by  the  Rio  Santa  Cruz;,  and  is  also 
idrained  by  the  Rio  San  Pedro.  The  surface  is  diversified 
jby  table-lands  and  mountain-ridges.  The  soil  is  partly  fer- 
tile. Barley,  wheat,  Indian  corn,  and  grass  are  the  staple 
Iproducts.  Gold,  silver,  and  copper  are  found  in  this  county. 
I  Area,  10,596  square  miles.  Capital,  Tucson.  Pop.  in  1870, 
6716;  in  1880,  17,006;  in  1890.  12,673. 

Pimblemere,  a  lake  of  Wales.    See  Bala  Lake. 

Fimentel,  pe-mSn-t5l',  a  seaport  of  Peru,  province  of 
Chiclayo,  10  miles  N.  of  Eten.  It  is  the  terminus  of  a  rail- 
way to  Lambayeque,  is  a  sea-bathing  place,  and  has  con- 
uderable  trade,  with  several  warehouses  and  railroad  shops. 

Pimento,  Vigo  co.,  Ind.  Sec  Hartford. 
'  Pim'lico,  a  suburb  of  the  British  metropolis,  co.  of 
Middlesex,  immediately  W.  of  St.  James's  Park,  2i  miles 
W.S.W.  of  St.  Paul's,  London.  It  comprises  many  elegant 
streets  and  squares,  with  Buckingham  palace  and  gardens, 
and  occupies  the  districts  between  Westminster  and  Chelsea. 

Pina,  pee'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  23  miles 
S.E.  of  Saragossa.     Pop.  2900. 

Pina  de  Campas,  pee'ni  di  kira'pls,  a  town  of 
iSpain,  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Palencia.     Pop.  1177. 

iPin'aliat  Re'ha  Burren'da,  a,  town  of  India, 
A^ra  division.  Pop.  5349. 
Pinal,  pe-nil',  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Arizona,  has 
an  area  of  5300  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Gila 
(River.  Gold  and  silver  are  found  in  this  county.  Capital, 
[Florence.  Pop.  in  1880,  3044;  in  1890,  4251. 
i  Pinaleno  (pe-n4-li'no)  Mountains,  a  range  in  the 
I  S.E.  part  of  Arizona,  a  few  miles  S.  of  the  Rio  Gila.  Gra- 
ham Peak,  of  this  range,  is  said  to  be  10,400  feet  high. 

Pinal  Mountains,  a  range  in  the  S.  central  part  of 
Arizona,  between  the  Gila  and  Salado  Rivers. 
Pinang,  an  island  of  India,    See  Pk.\ano. 
inarejo,  pee-n4-ri'Ho,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Cas- 
province  and  S.  of  Cuenca.     Pop.  1264. 
inarolium,  the  Latin  name  of  Pinerolo. 
inasca,  pe-n4s'ki,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  7 
iles  N.W.  of  Pinerolo,  on  the  Clusone.     Pop.  2960. 
•    Pin'chard's  Island,  an  island  ne.ar  Newfoundland, 
,in  Bonavista  Bay,  8  miles  from  Green's  Pond.    Pop.  316. 
i    Pinch'back's   Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dorsey  co., 
fArk.,  38  miles  from  Pine  Bluff. 

'  Pinck'ney,  a  post-villago  in  Putnam  township,  Liv- 
ingston CO.,  Mich.,  on  a  branch  of  Huron  River,  near  Por- 
tage Lake,  19  miles  N.W.  of  Ann  Arbor.  It  has  a  graded 
lechonl,  a  flouring-mill,  and  3  churches.  Pop.  446. 
'  Pinckney,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
i'Missouri  River,  about  58  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis. 
i  Pinckney,  a  post-township  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
|12  miles  S.E.  of  Watertown.  It  has  4  churches.  Pop.  1145. 
I  Pinck'neyville,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Ala.,  about 
|64  miles  N.N.E.  of  Montgomery. 

;  Pinckncyvillc,  a  village  of  Gwinnett  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
I  Chattahoochee  River,  about  32  miles  N.N.E.  of  Atlanta. 
1^  Pinckncyvillc,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Perry  co..  111., 
!  nc.ir  Beaucoup  Creek,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Alton  &  Terre  Haute 
Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Wabash,  Chester  <fc  Western 
Railroad,  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Duquoin.  It  has  7  churches, 
a  bank,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  2  flour-mills,  and 
manufactures  of  carriages,  ploughs,  and  lumber.  Mines  of 
ooal  have  been  opened  near  this  place.  Pop.  (1890)  1298. 
Pinckncyvillc,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Cumberland  River,  15  miles  from  its  mouth. 


Finckneyville,  a  hamlet  of  Union  c(y  ,S.C.,  on  Broad 
River,  about  70  miles  N.N.W.  of  Columbia. 

Pinion,  a  bay  of  Brazil.     See  Pinzon. 

Pincon'ning,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Bay  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Jackson,  Lansing  &  Saginaw  Railroad  and 
the  Glencoe,  Pinconning  &  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  20  miles 
N.  of  Bay  City.     It  has  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  453. 

Pinczow,  pin'chov,  a  town  of  Poland,  province  and 
24  miles  S.S.W.  of  Kielce,  on  the  Nida.     Port.  6290. 

Pindamonhangaba,pin-da,-mon-4n-ga'bi,  atownof 
Brazil,  state  and  190  miles  N.E.  of  Sao  Paulo,  on  the  I'ara- 
hiba.     Pop.  of  the  district,  6000. 

Pind-Dadun-Khan,  pind-d^Miin'-K^n,  a  town  of 
the  Punjab,  near  the  Jhylum,  110  miles  N.W.  of  Lahore, 
in  lat.  32°  36'  N.,  Ion.  72°  52'  E,  The  houses  are  mostly 
built  of  earth,  in  cedar  frsimework.  It  is  a  depot  for  salt, 
raised  from  adjacent  mines.     Pop.  13,340. 

Pindigheb,  pin-de-gheb',  a  town  of  India,  Punjab, 
division  of  Rawil-Pinde.     Pop.  8223. 

Pindus,  pin'dus  (Gr.  nn/Sos),  a  mountain-chain  of 
Europe,  between  Albania  and  Thessaly,  connecting  the  Di- 
naric  Alps  on  the  N.  with  Mount  Othrys,  in  Greece,  on  the 
S.  Mount  Mezzovo,  the  highest  point,  has  an  estimated 
height  of  8950  feet. 

Pine,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Minnesota,  borders  on 
Wisconsin.  It  is  intersected  by  Kettle  River,  bounded  on 
the  S.E.  by  the  St.  Croix  River,  and  also  drained  by  the 
Snake  and  many  minor  streams.  The  surface  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  evergreen  trees.  The 
soil  is  mostly  uncultivated.  Lumber  is  the  chief  article  of 
export.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  St.  Paul  <fc 
Duluth  Railroad  and  the  Great  Northern  Railroad.  Area, 
about  1400  square  miles.  Capital,  Pine  City.  Pop.  in 
1870,  648;  in  1875,  795;  in  1880,  1365;  in  1890,  4052. 

Pine,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  523. 

Pine,  a  station  in  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  <b 
Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  23  miles  S.E.  of  Chicago. 

Pine,  a  township  of  Porter  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  474. 

Pine,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1032. 

Pine,  a  township  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  233. 

Pine,  a  post-office  of  Linn  co.,  Oregon. 

Pine,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  718. 

Pine,  a  township  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1642. 

Pine,  a  township  of  Columbia  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  751. 

Pine,  a  township  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.     Pop.  343. 

Pine,  a  township  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  921. 

Pine,  a  township  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  527. 

Pine,  a  township  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1235. 

Pine  Apple,  a  post- village  of  Wilcox  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Selma  <fc  Gulf  Railroad,  40  miles  S.  of  Selma.  It  has  3 
churches. 

Pine  Bank,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co..  Pa. 

Pine  Bar'rcn  Creek,  Alabama,  flows  N.W.,  and 
enters  Alabama  River  on  the  boundary  of  Wilcox  and 
Dallas  cos. 

Pine  Bend,  a  post-Kamlet  of  Dakota  co.,  Minn.,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  15  miles  S.  of  St.  Paul. 

Pine  Bloom,  a  post-office  of  AVare  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Brunswick  &  Albany  Railroad,  80  miles  W.  of  Brunswick. 

Pine  Bluff,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Jefferson  co..  Ark., 
is  on  a  high  bluff,  on  the  right  or  S.  bank  of  the  Arkansas 
River,  and  on  the  Little  Rock,  Mississippi  River  &,  Texas 
Railroad,  about  46  miles  S.S.E.  of  Little  Rock,  and  120 
miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  river.  It  contains  a  court- 
Bouse,  a  high  school,  5  churches,  2  banks,  a  Jewish  syna- 
gogue, 2  newspaper  offices,  the  Pine  Bluff  Normal  Institute, 
2  masonic  lodges,  gas-works,  the  Pine  Bluff  Iron-AVorks, 
and  manufactures  of  carriages,  flour,  lumber,  cotton-seed 
oil,  bricks,  &o.  Cotton  and  other  products  are  shipped  here 
largely.     Pop.  in  1880,  3203;  in  1890,  9952. 

Pine  Bluff,  a  post-office  of  Caldwell  parish,  La. 

Pine  Bluff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  Miss.,  24  miles 
W.  of  West  Point.     It  has  2  stores. 

Pine  Bluff,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co.,  Tenn. 

Pine  Bluff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dane  co.,  Wis.,  16  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Madison.     It  has  a  church. 

Pine  Bluff,  a  post-office  of  Laramie  co.,  AVyoming,  on 
the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  43  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Cheyenne. 

Pine  Brook,  a  station  in  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  on  tho 
New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  Long 
Branch. 

Pine  Brook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Passaic,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Morristown.     It  h.as  a  church. 

Pine  Bush,  a  post-village  in  Crawford  township. 
Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Shawangunk  River,  and  on  the 
Middletown  &  Crawford  Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  Middle- 
town.     It  has  2  churches,  several  mills,  &c.     P.  about  300. 


•PIN 


21G6 


PIN 


Pia4  Bnsh,  %  batnlet  of  Ulster  oo.,  N.Y.,  18^  miles 
6.W.  of  Kingston.    See  also  Bbnnett'b  Corkrrr. 

Pine  City  t  nn  inoorpornted  post  village,  capital  of  Pine 
00.,  Minn.,  on  the  Snake  Kiver,  and  on  the  St.  Paul  it 
Duluth  Railroad,  0.3^  luilos  N.  of  St.  Paul.  It  hns  a  news- 
paper offioe,  saw-uiills,  a  gtavo-fUctory,  and  an  active  trade 
in  lumber.     Pop.  in  1880,  600;  in  18U0,  255. 

Pine  CitV)  a  post-hamlet  in  Southport  township,  Che- 
mung CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Klinira  &,  State  Lino  Ilailroad,  at 
M'ells  Station,  6  miles  S.  of  Eluiira.  It  has  2  oburohes,  an 
Msdcmy,  2  tanneries,  and  a  carriage-factory. 

Pine  Creek,  of  Crawford  oo.,  Ark.,  enters  Arkansas 
Bivor  from  the  N. 

Pine  Creek,  Indiana,  rises  in  Benton  co.,  runs  south- 
word  through  Warren  co.,  and  enters  the  Wabash  River 
nearly  2  miles  obove  Williamsport. 

Pine  Creek,  of  Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  enters  St.  Joseph's 
River  2  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Pine  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Potter  oo.,  runs 
generally  southward,  intersects  the  cos.  of  Tioga  and  Ly- 
coming, and  enters  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna 
2  or  3  miles  above  Jersey  Shore.     Length,  1(10  miles. 

Pine  Creek,  a  township  of  Oglo  co..  111.     Pop.  1215. 

Pine  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  in  Leroy  township,  Cal- 
houn CO.,  Mich.,  about  15  miles  S.AV.  of  Marshall.  It  has 
2  churches. 

Pine  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Laclede  co..  Mo. 

Pine  Creek,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  N.C.    P.  887. 

Pine  Creek,  a  station  in  Armstrong  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  49i  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Pine  Creek,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  970. 

Pine  Creek,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  Pa.     P.  941. 

Pine  Creek, opost-office  of  Whitman  co.,  Washington. 

Pine  Creek  Furnace,  a  village  of  Armstrong  co., 
Pa.,  about  0  miles  N.E.  of  Kittanning.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  furnace  for  pig-iron.  A  branch  railroad  connects  it  with 
Pine  Creek  Station,  4  miles  distant, 

Pine'dnle,  a  post-village  in  West  Brunswick  town- 
ship, Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  2i  miles  from  Auburn.  It  has  a 
tannery  and  a  superior  hotel. 

Pine  Dale,  a  post-office  of  Botetourt  co.,  Va. 

Pine  Flat,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
road  between  Calistoga  and  the  Geysers,  about  40  miles  N. 
of  Petal uma.  It  is  a  depot  for  the  cinnabar-mines  of 
Sonoma  co. 

Pine  Flats,  a  post-hamlct  in  Green  township,  Indiana 
CO.,  Pa.,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Indiana.  It  has  2  churches,  an 
academy,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Pine  For'est,  a  post-office  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Ala. 

Pine  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co.,  Tenn. 

Pinega,  pe-ni'gi,  a  river  of  Russia,  governments  of 
Vologda  and  Archangel,  flows  N.AV.,  and  joins  the  Dwina 
60  miles  S.E.  of  Archangel.     Length,  290  miles. 

Pinega,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  93  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Archangel,  on  the  Pinega.     Pop.  951. 

Pine  (*len,  a  post-office  of  Centre  co..  Pa.,  about  32 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Lock  Haven. 

Pine  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Dallas  co..  Ark. 

Pine  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Amador  co.,  Cal.,  about 
60  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sacramento.  Gold  is  found  here.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  public  school. 

Pine  Grove,  a  station  of  the  Denver,  South  Park  & 
Pacific  Railroad,  42  miles  S.S.W.  of  Denver,  Col. 

Pine  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Douglas  co.,  Col.,  abo.ut 
20  miles  S.E.  of  Denver. 

Pine  (irove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Appling  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Macon  &  Brunswick  Railroad,  4  miles  AV.  of  Baxley,  the 
county  scat.     Here  are  2  stores. 

Pine  (irove,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas,  30 
miles  S.E.  of  Wichita. 

Pine  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clark  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
railroad  between  Lexington  and  Winchester,  13  miles  E. 
of  Lexington.     It  has  a  church. 

Pine  Grove,  a  post-office  of  St.  Helena  parish,  La.,  on 
the  Tangipahoa  River,  about  50  miles  N.  of  New  Orleans. 

Pine  Grove,  a  township  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich. 
Pop.  1700. 

Pine  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Benton  co..  Miss. 

Pine  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Esmeralda  co.,  Nevada, 
on  the  East  Walker  River,  about  60  miles  S.E.  of  Carson 
City.     Pop.  305. 

Pine  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schujlcr  co.,  N.Y.,  6 
miles  W.  of  Watkins. 

Pine  Grove,  Gallia  co.,  0.    See  Pouteii. 

Pine  Grove,  a  station  in  Lawrence  co.,  0.,  on  the  Iron 
Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Ironton. 

Pine  GroTO)  a  village  in  Pine  township,  Mercer  co., 


Pa.,  on  ihe  Shcnango  &  Alleghany  Ruiliuod,  10  milc«g,K. 
of  Mercer.  It  has  2  cliurolies.  llero  is  Wolt  Crock  Pom. 
Office.     See  also  Mou.ntain  Crbek. 

Pine  Grove,  a  station  in  Pike  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the  Eric 
Railroad,  and  on  the  Delaware  River,  28  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Port  Jervis,  N.Y. 

Pine  Grove,  a  post-borough  in  Pine  Grove  townihip 
Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  on  Swatara  Creek,  and  on  the  Schuyl- 
kill Jk,  Susquehanna  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Lebanoc 
<t  Trcmont  Railroad,  41  miles  N.E.  of  liarriaburg,  24  niijo* 
N.  of  Lebanon,  and  7  miles  S.  of  Tremont.  It  hn!<  5 
churches,  and  is  mainly  supported  by  operations  in  . 
which  is  mined  here.     Pop.  1103;  of  the  township,  ".'i 

Pine  Grove,  a  township  of  Venango  co..  Pa.  Puii. 

Pine  Grove,  township,  Warren  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1200. 

Pine  (irove,  townshij), Orangeburg  CO.,  S.C.   Pop.827, 

Pine  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  S.C. 

Pine  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Stevens  co.,  Washington, 

Pine  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wetzel  co.,  W.  Yu., 
36  miles  S.  of  Wheeling,     It  has  2  churches  and  a  mill. 

Pine  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co..  Wis. 

Pine  Grove,  a  township  of  Portage  co..  Wis.    P,  271, 

Pine  Grove,  a  post-villago  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  1^ 
miles  from  Woodbridge.     It  has  a  large  flour-mill.    P.  250, 

Pine  Grove  Furnace,  Pa.    See  Mountain  Cbkek. 

Pine  Grove  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Van  linren  cd., 
Mich.,  on  the  Kalamazoo  &  South  Haven  Railroad,  22  milej 
E.  of  South  Haven, 

Pine  Grove  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Centre  co,,  Pa., 
in  Ferguson  township,  about  33  miles  N.E.  of  Altoona.  It 
has  3  churches,  an  academy,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  coach-fao* 
tory.     Pop.  300. 

Pine  llall,  a  post-office  of  Stokes  co.,  N.C. 

Pine  Hill,  a  post-hamlct  of  Wilcox  co.,  Ala.,  19  milu 
W.  of  Camden.     It  has  a  church. 

Pine  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Ashley  co.,  Ark. 

Pine  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Rock  Castle  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Knoxville  Branch  of  the  Louisville  &,  Nashville  Rail- 
road, 135  miles  E.S.E.  of  Louisville.  It  has  3  churches. 
Coal  is  mined  here. 

Pine  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake 
Huron,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Port  Huron. 

Pine  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Shandakcn  township, 
Ulster  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Ulster  A  Delaware  Railroad,  sa 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Rondout.  It  has  a  grist-mill,  a  tanixTv 
and  a  church. 

Pine  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Somerset  co..  Pa. 

Pine  Hill,a  village  of  York  co.,  Pa.,  near  the  Hanover 
&  York  Railro.ad,  7  or  8  miles  S.W.  of  York.     Pop.  200. 

Pine  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  in  Exeter  townshij),  Wash- 
ington CO.,  R.I.,  about  24  miles  S.S.W.  of  Providence. 

Pine  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Rusk  co.,  Tex.,  26  mile« 
E.S.E.  of  Overton,  and  12  miles  E.  of  Henderson,  It  has 
2  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  grist-mill.    Pop.  about  200. 

Pine  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Wis.,  about 
35  miles  N.E.  of  La  Crosse. 

Pine  HoI'low,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co..  Wis. 

Pine  House,  a  village  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C,  at  Pine 
House  Depot,  on  the  Charlotte,  Columbia  <t  Augusta  Rail 
roiid,  26  miles  N.  of  Augusta. 

Pine  Iron-Works,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co..  Pa,, 
on  the  Colebrookdale  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of  I'ottstown. 
It  has  a  manufactory  of  boiler-plate. 

Pine  Island,  Caribbean  Sea.     See  Isle  of  Pines. 

Pine  Island,  a  post-village  in  Pino  Island  township, 
Goodhue  co.,  Minn.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Zuuibro  River, 
about  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Rochester,  and  26  miles  S.  by  W, 
of  Red  Wing.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop, 
in  1890,  648. 

Pine  Island,  a  post-hamlet  in  Warwick  township. 
Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Goshen,  with  which  it  is 
connected  by  the  Pine  Island  Branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad. 

Pine  Island  Creek,  Texas,  rises  in  Polk  co.,  runs 
southeastward,  intersects  Hardin  co.,  and  enters  the  Nechcs 
River  about  6  miles  above  Beaumont. 

Pine  Knob,  nob,  a  post-hamlet  of  Iowa  co.,  AVi?.,  on 
Otter  Creek,  about  48  miles  W.  of  Madison. 

Pine  Knot,  not,  a  hamlet  of  AVhitleyco.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad.     It  has  a  church. 

Pine  Knot,  Pennsylvania.     See  Mine  Hiil  Gap. 

Pine  Lake,  Wisconsin,  is  in  the  N.part  of  Waukesha 
CO.,  and  is  about  2i  miles  long. 

Pine  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Fulton  co.,  N.Y.,  on  a 
small  lake,  about  56  miles  N.AV,  of  Albany, 

Pine  Lev'el,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ala., 
about  28  miles  S.E.  of  Montgomery.     It  has  2  churches. 

Pine  Level,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Manatee  co« 


PIN 


21«7 


PIN 


Fla.,  about  60  miles  S.S.B.  of  Tampa.     It  has  a  court- 
house and  3  stores.     It  is  surrounded  by  pine  woods. 

Pine  Level,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnston  oo.,  N.C.,  on 
the  railroad  between  Raleigh  and  Goldsborough,  30i  miles 
S.E.  of  Raleigh.     It  has  several  stores  and  a  saw-mill. 

Pinel'las,  a  post-office  of  Hillsborough  co.,  Fla. 

Pine  liOg,  a  post-office  of  Bartow  co.,  Qa.,  about  52 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Atlanta. 

Pine  Mead'ow,  a  post-village  in  New  Hartford  town- 
ship, Litchfield  co.,  Conn.,  in  a  valley  on  the  Farmington 
Kiver,on  the  Connecticut  Western  Railroad,  and  on  the  Col- 
linsville  Branch  of  the  New  Haven  &  Northam])ton  Rail- 
.wad,  1  mile  S.  of  New  Hartford,  and  28  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Hartford.  It  has  a  church,  a  savings-bank,  and  manufac- 
tures of  cotton  duck,  planes,  rules,  &e. 

Pine  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Muscatine  co.,  Iowa,  12 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Muscatine.     Here  is  a  flour-mill. 

Pine  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Wood  co.,  Tex. 

Pine  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Rabun  co.,  Ga. 

Pine  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Harlan  co.,  Ky. 

Pine  Nut  Mountains,  a  range  extending  along  the 
E.  border  of  Douglas  and  Ormsby  cos.,  Nev.,  nearly  parallel 
with  the  Sierra  Nevada,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  Car- 
son Valley. 

Pine  Or'chard,  a  post-office  of  Howard  co.,  Md. 

Pin'eo  Village,  or  Wat'erville,  a  post-village  in 
Kings  CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  AVestern  Counties  Railway, 
10  miles  from  Kentville.     Pop.  140. 

Pine  Plains,  township,  Allegan  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  180. 

Pine  Plains,  a  post-village  in  Pine  Plains  township, 
Dutchess  CO.,  N.Y,,  on  the  Dutchess  &  Columbia  Railroad 
l.and  the  Poughkeepsie  &  Eastern  Railroad,  26  miles  N.E. 
of  Poughkeepsie,  and  about  22  miles  S.E.  of  Hudson.  It 
edntains  4  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  office, 
an  academy,  a  public  library,  and  a  manufiictory  of  fan- 
~  g-mills.     Pop.  401 ;  of  the  township,  1414. 

"ine  Plains,  a  post-office  of  Lexington  co.,  S.C. 
ine  Point,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co..  Me 
ine  Point,  Suffolk  co.,  Mass.     See  Ocean  House. 
ine  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Winn  parish,  La. 

Pine  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co..  Miss. 

■  Pine  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Lexington  co.,  S.C. 
Pine  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  McMinn  co..  Tenn. 
Pine  (or  Piney)  River,  Colorado,  rises  in  the  Rocky 

Mountains,  runs  N.W.  in  Summit  co.,  and  enters  the  Grand 

Kiver. 

Pine   River,  Michigan,  rises   in   Isabella   co.,  runs 
JBOuthcastward  through    Montcalm  co.  and  northeastward 
[through  Gratiot  co.,  and  enters  the  Tittabawassee  River  in 
iMidlanJ  oo.  at  Midland.     It  is  about  100  miles  long. 
I    Pine  River,  Michigan,  rises  in  Osceola  co.,  runs  north- 

■  westward  through  Lake  co.,  and  enters  the  Manistee  River 
[in  the  S.E.  part  of  Manistee  co. 

!    Pine  River,  a  small  stream  of  Cass  co.,  Minn.,  is  the 
outlet  of  several  little  lakes.     It  runs  southward  and  en- 
jters  the  Mississippi  River. 
I    Pine  River,  a  small  stream  of  Carroll  co.,  in  the  E. 

ipart  of  New  Hampshire,  falls  into  Ossipee  Lake. 
.  Pine  River,  of  Oconto  co.,  Wis.,  runs  nearly  eastward, 
U)d  enters  the  Menomonee  River.     It  is  90  miles  long. 
Pine  River,  a  small  affluent  of  the  Wisconsin  River, 
[•ises  in  Vernon  co..  Wis.,  runs  southward  through  Richland 
I  so.,  and  enters  the  Wisconsin  at  Richland  City. 
j    Pine  River,  a  post-office  of  La  Plata  co.,  Col.,  on  a 
itream  called  Los  Pinos  or  Pine  River. 
£    Pine  River,  a  hamlet  in  Arenac  township,  Arenac  co., 
iM^h.,  near  Saginaw  Bay,  2  miles  S.  of  Arenac. 
■Pine  River,  a  township  of  Gratiot  co.,  Mich.     P.  981. 
IptPine  River,  a  post-office  of  Cass  co.,  Minn. 
i    Pine  River,  a  post-village  in  Leon  township,  Wau- 
Ihara  co..  Wis.,  on  a  stream  of  the  same  name,  16  miles  N. 
|i#  Berlin,  and  about  28  miles  W.N.W.  of  Oshkosh.     It  has 
Hteurch,  a  graded  school,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 
iMwPine  River,  Bruce  co.,  Ontario.     See  Luugan. 
Pine  Rock,  a  township  of  Ogle  co..  111.     Pop.  1048. 
Pinerolo,  po-nA-rol'o  (Fr.  Pignerol,  peen*y§r-ol' ;  Sp. 
i^iXerol,  peen-yi-rol' ;  L.  Pinaro'lium),  a,  town   of  Italy, 
U^uated  at  the  foot  of  the  Alps,  21  miles  S.W.  of  Turin,  on 
[he  Clusone.     Pop.  16,730.     It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and 
las  a  noble  square,  a  fine  cathedral,  and  3  other  churches, 
convents,  a  large  hos[)ital,  barracks,  and  manufactures 
f  woollen  cloths,  paper,  and  leather. 
Pine   Run,  or  Vienna,  a  post-village  in  Vienna 
awnship,  Genesee  co.,  Mich.,  on  Pine  Creek,  and  near  the 
"lint  &  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Flint.    It 
as  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill.     Here  is  Pine  Run  Post- 
.•ffioe.    See  also  Clio. 


Pine  Run,  a  post-office  of  Watauga  co.,  N.C. 

Pines,  Isle  of.  West  Indies.     See  Islb  of  Pixks. 

Pine  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Lamar  co.,  Ala. 

Pine  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Rowan  co.,  Ky. 

Pine  Station,  a  station  of  the  Eureka  &  Palisade 
Railroad,  38  miles  N.  of  Eureka,  Nevada. 

Pine  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co..  Pa.,  oe 
the  Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad,  8  miles  B.  by  N.  of  Lock 
Haven.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  saw-mill. 

Pine  Sum'mit,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co..  Pa., 
about  18  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Danville.     It  has  a  church. 

Pine  Swamp,  a  township  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C.     P.  409. 

Pine  Top,  a  post-office  of  Letcher  co.,  Ky. 

Pine  Top,  a  post-office  of  Hardeman  co.,  Tenn. 

Pine  Tree,  a  post-office  of  Chesterfield  co.,  S.C,  27 
miles  W.  of  Cheraw. 

PineHuck'y,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  Ala.,  about  13 
miles  N.E.  of  Alarion. 

Pine  VaI'ley,  a  post-office  of  Yalabusha  co.,  Misa. 

Pine  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Reynolds  co..  Mo. 

Pine  Valley,  a  village  and  station  of  Cattaraugus  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Dayton  township,  on  the  Buffalo  &  Jamestown 
Railroad,  42  miles  S.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  a  hotel,  a  broom-- 
factory,  a  wagon-shop,  and  about  35  houses.  Here  is  tho 
South  Dayton  Post-Office. 

Pine  Valley,  a  post-village  in  Veteran  township,  Che- 
mung CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  11  miles 
N.  of  Elmira.  It  has  a  church  and  several  factories. 
Pop.  260. 

Pine  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  Oregon. 

Pine  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Utah, 
about  15  miles  N.  of  St.  George.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
lumber-mill.     Pop.  about  250. 

Pine  Valley,  a  township  of  Clark  co.,  Wis.     P.  1525. 

Pine  View,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  10 
miles  S.  of  Bealeton  Station. 

Pine  Vil'lage,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Ind.,  on 
Big  Pine  Creek,  20  miles  W.of  Lafayette.     It  has  a  church. 

Pineville,  pin'vil,  a  post-office  of  Marengo  co.,  Ala. 

Pincville,  a  post-offico  of  Izard  co..  Ark. 

Pineville,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Ga. 

Pincville,  Pike  co..  111.    See  Baylis. 

Pineville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Bell  co.,  Ky.,  on 
tho  (Jumberland,  13  miles  N.  of  Cumberland  Gap,  Tenn, 

Pineville,  a  post-village  of  Rapidee  parish,  La.,  on 
the  Red  River,  opposite  Alexandria.  It  has  6  churches. 
Pop.  540. 

Pineville,  a  hamlet  of  Itawamba  co..  Miss.,  28  miles 
from  luka.     It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

Pineville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smith  co..  Miss.,  about  50 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Jackson.     It  has  2  churches. 

Pineville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  McDonald  co.,  Mo., 
in  Pineville  township,  on  Elk  River,  22  miles  S.  of  Neosho, 
and  80  miles  S.W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a  church,  a  news^ 
paper  office,  a  high  school,  a  grist-mill,  Ac.  The  township 
is  partly  covered  by  Dine  forests.     Pop.  1057. 

Pineville,  Cayuga  and  Oswego  cos.,  N.Y.  See  Spring 
Lake  and  Salmon  River. 

Pineville,  a  post-village  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.C,  on 
the  Charlotte,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad  (at  Morrow's), 
11  miles  S.  of  Charlotte.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Pineville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  6  miles 
N.W.  of  Newtown,  and  26  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Philadelphi.Ti. 

Pincville,  a  post-office  of  Tyler  co.,  Tex.,  about  110 
miles  N.E.  of  Houston. 

Pineville,  a  post-office  of  Wyoming  co.,  W.  Va. 

Pine  Wood,  a  post-office  of  Larimer  co..  Col.,  12  miles 
from  Loveland. 

Pine  Wood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hickman  co.,  Tenn., 
about  44  miles  W.S.W.  of  Nashville.     It  has  a  church. 

Pine  Woods,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  li 
miles  from  Morris  ville.     It  has  a  church  and  carriage-shop. 

Pinewy,  a  town  of  Poland.    See  Pinne. 

Piney,  pee'ni',  a  town  of  France,  in  Aube,  11  miles 
N.E.  of  Troyes.     Pop.  1654. 

Pi'ney,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Ark. 

Piney,  a  township  of  Oregon  co..  Mo.     Pop.  437. 

Piney,  a  township  of  Texas  co..  Mo.     Pop.  866. 

Piney,  a  township  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  839. 

Piney,  or  Piny,  a  post-township  of  Clarion  co..  Pa., 
about  25  miles  S.E.  of  Franklin,  is  bounded  on  tho  N.  by 
the  Clarion  River.     Pop.  1160. 

Piney  Bridge,  a  station  of  tho  Little  Rock  <t  Fort 
Smith  Railroad,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Clarksvillc,  Ark. 

Piney  (or  Big  Piney)  Creek,  Arkansas,  drains  part 
of  Pope  CO.,  and  enters  the  Arkansas  River  from  the  N.  at 
the  S.E.  extremity  of  Johnson  co. 


ms 


2168 


PIO 


Pinef  Creek,  TonncssM,  rises  in  Diokson  oo.,  runs 
■outbwani,  and  enters  Duok  River  in  Hickman  oo. 
•  Pinejr  Creekt  »  poat-offlo«  of  Cnrrull  oo.,  Md.,  on  tho 
Fredoriok  &  Pennsylvania  Ilailroad,  27  milos  K.N.E.  of 
Frederick. 

Piney  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.C., 
tb  miles  from  Marion,  Va.     It  has  2  cburolioe.     Pop.  68t). 

Pinejr  Creek,  a  post-ofiioo  of  Bedford  co.,  Pa. 

Piney  Fnlls,  a  post-hamlot  of  llhoa  oo.,  Tonn.,  33 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Athens.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Piney  Flats,  a  post-hamlot  of  Sullivan  oo.,  Tonn.  It 
has  a  church. 

Piney  Fork,  Missouri.    See  Gasconade  River. 

Piney  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co.,  Md.,  25 
nilcs  K.  of  Cumberland. 

Piney  Grove,  township,  Sampson  co.,  N.C.     P.  1776. 

Piney  Grove,  a  post-otBce  of  Kanawha  oo.,  >V.  Va. 

Piney  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Mary's  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  E.  side  of  the  Potomac  River,  14  miles  from  its  mouth. 
Hero  is  a  fixed  light  25  foet  high. 

Piney  Point,  a  station  in  ITnrris  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Texas  Western  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Houston. 

Piney  llivcr,  Colorado.    Soe  Pine  River. 

Piney  lliver,  Missouri.    See  Gasconade  River. 

Piney  River,  a  stream  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Ten- 
nessee, flows  into  Duck  River  from  the  right,  in  Ilickman  co. 

Ping,  a  prefix  of  the  names  of  numerous  Chinese  cities. 

Ping'IIoi,  ping^hoi',  a  city  of  China,  province  of 
Ouang-Tong,  on  Harlem  Bay,  85  miles  E.N.E.  of  Macao. 

Piug-Hoo,  a  large  town  of  China,  near  Shanghai. 

Ping-Liang,  pingMe-ing',  a  city  of  China,  province 
of  Kan-Soo,  in  lat.  35°  34'  N.,  Ion.  106°  30'  E. 

Ping-Lo,  pingMo',  a  city  of  China,  in  Quang-See,  on  an 
affluent  of  tho  Canton  River,  180  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Canton. 

Pin'gree  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kane  co.,  III.,  on 
the  Chicago  &  Pacific  Railroad,  8  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Elgin. 

Ping- Yang,  ping^ying',  a  city  of  China,  province  of 
Shan-See,  on  the  Fuen-IIo,  135  miles  S.W.  of  Tai-Yucn. 

Ping-Yuen,  ping^yoo-in',  a  city  of  China,  province 
of  Koei-Choo.     Lat.  26°  37'  N.;  Ion.  105°  40'  E. 

Pinhciro  de  Bemposta,pin-y4,'e-ro  dk  bds»-pos'til, 
a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  40  miles  N.W.  of  Coimbra. 

Pinhel,  peen-yfil',  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  8  miles 
N.W.  of  Almeida.  Pop.  2234.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls, 
and  hiis  a  cathedral  and  a  bishop's  palace. 

Pin  Hook  Depot,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Gaston 
CO.,  N.C,  on  the  Atlanta  &  Richmond  Air-Line  Railroad. 

Pin'hook  Land'ing,  a  post-ofiSce  of  Meigs  oo.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Tennessee  River. 

Pinilla,  pe-neel'yi,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Leon,  prov- 
ince and  N.E.  of  Zamora.     Pop.  1253. 

Pinillos,  a  village  of  Sp.ain.     See  Pinos  de  Genil. 

Pin  Island  Bayon  (bi'oo),  Texas,  flows  into  the 
Neches  River  from  the  W.,  a  few  miles  N.  of  Beaumont. 

Pinkafeld,  pink'4-f4lt\  or  Pinkafy,  pecn'koh'fee,  a 
town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Eisenberg,  on  the  Pinka,  20  miles 
W.  of  Guns.     Pop.  2482. 

Pink  Bed,  a  post-ofiice  of  Henderson  oo.,  N.C. 

Pink'erton,  a  post-village  in  Bruce  co.,  Ontario,  on  tho 
Wellington,  Grey  &  Bruce  Railway,  11  miles  N.W.  of  AVal- 
kerton.     Pop.  100. 

Pink  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Mo.,  about  25 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Kansas  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Pink  Hill,  a  post-ofiice  of  Lenoir  co.,  N.C,  about  56 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Wilmington.  Pop.  of  Pink  Hill  town- 
ship, 572. 

Pink  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Grayson  oo.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Texas  &,  Pacific  Railroad  (Trans-Continental  division),  10 
miles  E.  of  Sherman.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  200. 

PinkMey ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oregon  co.,  Mo.,  about 
«0  miles  W.S.W.  of  Poplar  Biufi".     It  has  a  church. 

Pink'ney,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1018. 

Pinkney,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  2413, 

Pinkneyville,  Illinois.    See  Pincknevvili.e. 

Pink  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-ofiice  of  Henry  co..  111. 

Pink'statf,  a  post-hamletof  Lawrence  co..  III.,  in  Bond 
township,  on  the  Paris  <fc  Danville  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of 
Lawrcnceville.     It  has  a  church. 

Pin'nacle,  a  post-offico  of  Henderson  eo.,  N.C. 

Pinnahat,  or  Pinahat,  pin'ni-hit',  also  called  Pin- 
hat  and  Pinaht,  a  town  of  India,  district  and  30  miles 
S.E.  of  Agra.     Pop.  6571. 

Pinne,  pin'n^h,  or  Pinewy,  po-ni'vee  (?),  a  town  of 
Prussia,  29  miles  W.N.W.  of  Posen.     Pop.  2272. 

Pinneberg,  pin'n?h-b4itG\a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hol- 
•tein,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Hamburg,  on  a  small  affluent  of  the 
Elbe.    Pop.  3060. 


Pin'nellville,  a  post-office  of  Jones  co..  Miss. 

Pino,  pce'no,  a  ]>08i-village  of  Placer  co.,  Cal.,  on  tht 
Central  Paciflo  Railroad,  25  miles  N.E.  of  SacramoDto. 
It  has  a  stone-quarry.     Pop.  191. 

Pin  Oak,  a  puxt-hatulot  of  Wayne  co..  III.,  about  20 
miles  S.  of  Flora.     It  hus  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Pin  Oak,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa,  about 
20  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Dubuque. 

Pin  Oak,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  Tex.,  8  miles 
N.E.  of  Flatonia.     It  has  a  church. 

Pin  Oak  Grove,  a  post-ofiice  of  Gentry  oo.,  Mo, 
about  42  miles  N.W.  of  Chillicothe. 

Pino  do  Chieri,  pee'no  d&  ke-i'reo,  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  and  3  miles  E.S.E.  of  Turin.     Pop.  1765. 

Pino  de  Valencia,  pee'no  di  vl-lin'the-4,  a  viii 
of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  45  milos  from  Caccres.    Pop.  :' 

Pinole,  pe-no'lA,  a  post-office  ond  station  of  Co;.;.,, 
Costa  CO.,  Cal.,  6  miles  E.  of  San  Pablo. 

Pinon,  pee-non',  a  station  in  Pueblo  co..  Col.,  on  the 
Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  30i  miles  S.  of  Colorado 
Springs. 

Pinos,  peo'noce,  an  island  in  the  Caribbean  Sea,  Gulf 
of  Darien.     Lat.  of  the  N.E.  point,  9°  N. ;  Ion.  77°  48'  W. 

Pinos  Altos,  pce'noce  &l'tuce,  a  post-village,  capital 
of  Grant  co..  New  Mexico,  about  115  miles  N.AV.  of  Mesilla. 

Pinos  de  Genii,  pce'noce  d4  H^-nccl',  or  Pinillos, 
pe-neel'yoco,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  province  and 
6  miles  E.  of  Granada.     Pop.  778. 

Pinos  del  Rey,  pce'noce  ddl  ri,  a  village  of  Spain,  in 
Andalusia,  province  and  20  miles  S.  of  Granada.    Pop.  1721, 

Pinos,  Isia  de,  Spain.     See  Isle  of  Pines. 

Pinoso,  pe-no'so,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
province  and  29  miles  AV.  of  Alicante.     Pop.  2309. 

Pinos  Pucnte,  pee'noce  pwfin'ti,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  11  miles  N.AV.  of  Granada.     Pop.  2356. 

Pinsk,  pinsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  143 
miles  S.S.AV.  of  Minsk,  on  the  Pripets,  here  joined  by  the 
Pina.  Pop.  25,499.  It  has  manufactures  of  leather,  and  a 
transit  trade. 

Pin'son,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Jackson.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Pintada  (pin-t3,'d&)  Peak,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the 
San  Juan  Mountains,  in  the  S.  part  of  the  state,  about  16 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Del  Norte.     Height,  13,176  feet. 

Pintia,  the  ancient  name  of  A'^alladolid. 

Pintla'la,  or  Pintela'ia,  a  creek  of  Alabama,  flows 
S.E.  into  Alabama  River,  16  miles  below  Montgomery. 

Pinto,  pin'to,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  prov- 
ince and  14  miles  S.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  2044. 

Pin'to,  a  post-hamlet  of  Eureka  co.,  Kev.,  7  miles  from 
the  Eureka  &  Palisade  Railroad.  It  has  2  hotels  and  a 
quartz-mill. 

Pinto,  a  post-office  of  Iron  co.,  Utah. 

Pintschew,  a  town  of  Poland.     See  Pinczow. 

Pintuaria,  Canary  Islands.     See  TENEniFEB. 

Piny,  a  town  of  France.     See  Pinky. 

Piny,  Clarion  co.,  Pa.     See  Pinev. 

Pinyaree,  or  Pinyarree,  pin-y&'ree*,  a  branch  of 
the  river  Indus,  at  its  delta,  enters  the  ocean  by  tho  Sir 
mouth,  15  miles  N.AV.  of  the  Koree  mouth. 

Pinzon,  or  Pin(;on,  pin-son',  a  small  bay  of  Brazil, 
near  the  island  of  Itamaraoa.     Lat.  2°  N. 

Piobesi,  pe-o-bi'see,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Turin,  not  far  from  Carignano.     Pop.  2357. 

Pioche,  pe-o'chi,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Lincoln  co., 
Nov.,  on  the  Nevada  Central  Railroad,  about  125  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Hamilton.  It  has  rich  silver-mines,  2  churchep, 
2  banks,  and  4  quartz-mills.  A  daily  newspaper  is  pub- 
lished here.     Pop.  1144. 

Piolenc,  pe-oMfiN»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vaucluse,  4 
miles  N.AV.  of  Orange.     Pop.  2017. 

Pioltcllo,  pe-ol-til'lo,  or  Piecola  Pioda,  pik'ko-l4 
pe-o'd4,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  province  and  7  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Milan.     Pop.  1840. 

Piombino,  pe-om-bee'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the 
Mediterranean,  opposite  the  island  of  Elba,  12  miles  AV.  of 
Follonica.  Pop.  3999.  It  has  a  castle,  a  palace,  and  a 
small  harbor,  and  near  it  are  salt-works  and  supposed 
traces  of  the  ancient  Populo'nia.  The  Channel  of  Piom- 
bino, between  the  town  and  Elba,  is  6  miles  across. 

Pi'oneer',  a  post-office  of  Santa  Clara  co.,  Cnl. 

Pioneer,  a  township  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa,  Pop.  876, 
exclusive  of  Mechanicsville. 

Pioneer,  a  post-office  of  Humboldt  co.,  Iowa. 

Pioneer,  post-township.  Rush  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  210 

Pioneer,  a  post-township  of  Missaukee  co.,  Mich. 


PIO 


2169 


PIR 


jioneer,  a  post-village  of  Deer  Lodge  co.,  Montana, 
on  the  Hell  Gate  River,  about  60  miles  W.  of  Helena. 

Pioneer,  a  post-village  in  Madison  township,  Wil- 
liams CO.,  0.,  near  the  St.  Joseph  River  (of  the  Maumee), 
U  miles  N.  of  Bryan.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school, 
»  cheese-factory,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  <fcc.     Pop.  754. 

Pioneer,  a  post-hamlet  of  Venango  co..  Pa.,  on  Oil 
River  Creek,  and  on  the  Oil  Creek  &  Allefjhany  River  Rail- 
•oad,  9  miles  S.  of  Titusvillo.  Here  are  several  oil-wells 
md  a  machine-shop. 
Pioneer,  a  post-olTicc  of  Clarke  co.,  Washington. 
Pioneer  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Cabarrus  co.,  N.C.,  on 
loeky  River,  about  20  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Charlotte. 

Pi'oueer'ville,  or  Pioneer  City,  a  post-village  of 
3oi36  CO.,  Idaho,  in  the  Bois6  Basin,  on  Grimes  Creek, 
.bout  U  miles  N.N.W.  of  Idaho  City.  It  has  a  church, 
aold  is  found  here.     Pop.  about  250. 

I  Piop'olis,  a  post- village  of  Hamilton  co.,  111.,  .3i  miles 
;rom  Delafield  Station.  It  has  a  church  and  an  orphan 
?ylum  (Catholic). 

;  Piop'olis,  or  Saint  Zenon,  sLy  z?h-n6ii»',  a  post- 
iillage  in  Compton  co.,  Quebec,  7  miles  from  Lake  Mcgan- 
Lo.    Pop.  200. 

I  Piossasco,  pe-os-sis'ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
fed  13  miles  S.W.  of  Turin.  Pop.  3805. 
jPiotrkow,  a  town  of  Poland.  See  Petrikau. 
'  Piove,  or  Piove  di  Sacco,  pe-o'vi  dee  sik'ko,  a 
iiwn  of  Italy,  in  Padua,  on  the  Brenta  Canal,  17  miles 
i.W.  of  Venice,  with  many  country  residences  of  Vene- 
ans.  It  has  manufactures  of  silk,  willow-work,  &c.  Pop. 
pi. 

[Pipaix,  pee'pA',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Ilainaut,  9 
lies  E.  of  Tournay.     Pop.  1930. 

Pipe  Creek,  Indiana,  rises  in  Grant  co.,  runs  north- 
estward  through  Miami  co.,  and  enters  the  Wabash  River 
Imiles  E.  of  Logansport. 

iPipe  Creek,  of  Madison  co.,  Ind.,  runs  southwest- 
tird,  and  enters  the  West  Fork  of  White  River. 
jpipe  Creek,  Maryland,  rises  in  Carroll  co.,  runs  in  a 
jj.S.W.  direction,  and  enters  the  Monooacy  River  on  the 
'le  between  Carroll  and  Frederick  cos. 
^Pipe  Creek,  of  Erie  co.,  0.,  flows  into  Sandusky  Bay 
lar  Sandusky. 

[pipe  Creek,  township,  Madison  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  2300. 
IPipe  Creek,  township,  Miami  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1227: 
yPipe  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Ottawa  co.,  Kansas,  45 
lies  S.W.  of  Clay  Centre. 

|Pipe  Creek,  a  station  in   Carroll  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
istein  Maryland  Railroad,  8i  miles  W.  of  Westminster. 
;Pipe  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Bandera  co.,  Tex. 
Pi'per  City,  a  post-village  in  Brenton  township.  Ford 
,  III.,  on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  <fe  Warsaw  Railroad,  76  miles 
'of  Peoria,  and  10  miles  AV.  of  Gilman.    It  has  3  churches, 
lewspaper  office,  3  elevators,  &c.     Pop.  about  GOO. 
Pi'per  Islets,  i'l^ts,  otf  the  N.E.  coast  of  Australia,  in 
'  nple  Bay.     Lat.  12°  12'  S. ;  Ion.  143°  5'  E. 
?iperno,  pe-pSR'no,  a  town   of  South  Italy,  on  the 
laseno,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Frosinone.     Pop.  5066. 
^'i'per's  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Va. 
i'iper's  Run,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
I.ntingdon  &  Broad  Top  Railroad,  36  miles  S.S.W.  of 
I'ltingdon. 

/ipersville,  pi'p^rz-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  co., 
1 ,  about  35  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a  flour-mill. 
I'ipersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co..  Wis.,  on 
I^k  River,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Watertown. 
J'ipe  Stone,  a  S.W.  county  of  Minnesota,  bordering  on 
atb  Dakota,  has  an  area  of  460  square  miles.  It  is  partly 
^ned  by  Rock  River.  The  surface  is  mostly  prairie. 
(|ital.  Pipe  Stone.     Pop.  in  1880,  2092;  in  1890,  5132. 

'ipestone,  a  post-township  of  Berrien  co.,  Mich.     It 
li  a  church  and  manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber.     Pop, 
1  >.  Pipestone  Post-Office  is  9  miles  S.E.  of  Benton  Harbor. 
ipe  Stone,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Pipe  Stone  co., 
'^  "  ,  on  the  Si)Uthern   Minnesota  Railroad,  50  miles  W. 
b,  I.  of  Heron  Lake.     Pop.  in  ISSO.  222  ;  in  1890,  1232. 
ipesville,  pips' vil,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  0. 
ipriac,  pee^pre-5.k',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ille-et- 
V  ine,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Redon.     Pop.  412. 
iqua,  a  suburb  of  Columbus,  0.     Pop.  in  1870,  2364. 
,iqua,  pik'wa  or  pik'way,  a  city  of  Miami  co.,  0.,  is 
witifully  situated  on  the  right  (W.)  bank  of  the  Miami 
B|r,  and  on  the  Miami  Canal,  28  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Day- 
j*-  13  miles  S.  of  Lima,  and  73  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Colum- 
1"^    It  is  the  most  populous  town  in  the  county,  is  regular 
jn,  an,  and  has  wide  streets  which  are  lighted  with  gas. 
Tl  iite  is  a  level  plateau,  which  is  separated  by  the  river 
137 


from  higher  ground  on  the  opposite  bank.  It  contains  14 
churches,  a  town  hall,  a  high  school,  2  national  banks,  manu- 
factures of  flour,  carriages,  furniture,  wool,  Ac,  and  printing- 
offices  which  issue  3  weekly  newspapers.  The  products  of 
many  fertile  farms  are  shipped  at  this  place,  which  is  on 
the  Dayton  &  Michigan  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Co- 
lumbus, Chicago  &  Indiana  Central  Railroad.  ^'Piqua  has  2 
bridges  across  the  river,  which  here  afl'ords  abundant  water- 
power.     Pop.  in  1880,  6031 ;  in  1890,  9090. 

Piquiri,  pe-ke-ree',  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the  S.E. 
part  of  Matto-Grosso,  flows  W.,  and  joins  the  Sao  Lourenjo. 
Length,  120  miles. 

Piracruca,  pe-ri-kroo'ki,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  Pianhy, 
85  miles  S.  of  Parnahiba.     Pop   2000. 

Piracunan,  pe-rS,-koo-ndn',  a  river  of  Brazil,  state 
of  Maranhao,  flows  N.E.,  and  falls  into  the  Bay  of  Cuma. 
Length,  100  miles. 

Pira;u8,  or  Pirseeus,  pi-ree'ils  (Gr.  netpaieu?,  Pirai- 
eu» ;  It.  Porto  Leone,  poK'to  lA.-o'nA,  or  I'orto  Drncone, 
pou'to  drl-ko'ni;  Fr.  PirSe,  peeVA'),  a  town  of  Greece,  in 
Attica,  is  the  port  of  Athens,  and  5  miles  S.W.  of  that  city, 
with  which  it  communicates  by  a  railway.  The  modern  town, 
wholly  built  since  1834,  is  on  an  isthmus  connecting  with 
the  mainland  a  hilly  peninsula,  on  which  are  the  remains 
of  the  tomb  of  Themistocles.  It  has  a  largo  trade,  exten- 
sive machine-shops,  and  cotton-mills.  On  its  N.W.  side  is 
its  principal  port  (.ano.  Aphrodisinm),  and  on  the  S.E.  side 
of  the  peninsula  are  two  other  harbors.     P.  (1889)  84,327. 

Pirahi,  pe-rS,-hee',  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  52 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  on  the  river  Pirahi,  an 
affluent  of  the  Parahiba.     Pop.  3000. 

Piraino,  pe-ri'no  (anc.  Pyracmitim),  a  town  of  Sicily, 
on  the  N.  coast,  40  miles  W.S.W.  of  Messina.  Pop.  3605, 
who  export  oil,  wine,  and  corn. 

Piranga,  pe-rin'gi,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  Minas-Geraos, 
on  the  Piranga,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Mariana. 

Piranhas,  po-rin-yis',  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  Para- 
hiba, flows  N.E.  and  N.,  and  enters  the  ocean  by  3  mouths, 
— the  Amaragosa,  the  Conchas,  and  the  Cavallos.  Total 
course,  200  miles. 

Pirano,  pe-rS.'no,  a  seaport  town  of  Austria-Hungary, 
in  Istria,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Triest.  Pop.  7691.  It  has  a 
convenient  harbor,  citadel,  cathedral,  and  an  export  trade 
in  salt,  wine,  oil,  and  olives. 

Pirara,  pe-r4'r4,  a  village  of  British  Guiana,  at  the  E. 
end  of  Amicu  Lake.     Lat.  3°  40'  N. :  Ion.  59°  12'  W. 

Pirary,  a  river  of  Bolivia.     See  Piray. 

Pi'rate  Har'bor,  a  post-village  in  Guysborough  co., 
Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Gut  of  Canso,  3  miles  from  Port 
Hawkesbury.     Pop.  120. 

Pi'rate  Islands,  a  group  in  the  Gulf  of  Tonquin,  in 
the  Chinese  Sea.     Lat.  21°  N. ;  Ion.  108°  10'  E. 

Pirate  Isle,  an  island  of  Africa.     See  Bobia. 

Firatinim,  pe-r3,-tee-nee^"»',  a  town  of  Brazil,  state 
of  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  on  the  river  Piratinim,  75  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Rio  Grande.     Pop.  3673. 

Piratiny,  pe-rS,-tee-nee',  a  river  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  flows  N.W.,  and  falls  into  the  Uruguay 
about  lat.  28°  10'  S.     Length,  140  miles. 

Piray,  pe-ri',  or  Pirary,  pe-rS,-ree',  a  river  of  Bolivia, 
flow  N.W. ,  and,  after  a  course  of  140  miles,  joins  the  Guapai. 
In  the  lower  course  it  sometimes  takes  the  name  of  Flores. 

Pire  Cheney,  Michigan.    See  1'krk  Ciik.nkv. 

Piretibbi,  or  Piretibbe,  ]ioe're-tib'bce,  a  small  lake 
of  British  America,  near  Int.  51°  30'  N.,  Ion.  69°  W. 

Pire'way  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Coluuibus  co.,  N.C. 

Piriateen,  or  Piriatin,  jie-re-S-teen',  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  of  Poltava,  on  the  Oodai,  26  miles 
N.W.  of  Loobny.     Pop.  4987. 

Piristina,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  fRrsTiNA. 

Piritu,  pe-re-too',  a  maritime  town  of  Venezuela,  22 
miles  S.W.  of  Barcelona.  Nearly  o|)posite  to  it  are  tho 
Piritu  Islands,  in  the  Caribbean  Sea. 

Pir-Jelalpoor,  peei-^-j§l-3,l-])oor'  (?),  a  town  of  the 
Punjab,  near  the  confluence  of  the  Sutlej  and  Chenaub,  40 
miles  S.  of  Mooltan. 

Pirmasens,  or  Pirmasenz,  peeR'mi-sSnts*,  a  town 
of  Rhenish  Bavaria,  in  the  Vosges,  13  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Deux-Ponts.  Pop.  10,044.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and 
has  2  churches,  a  synagogue,  a  high  school,  and  manufac- 
tures of  tobacco,  straw  hats,  musical  instruments,  and  glass. 

Pirna,  peeR'ni,  a  town  of  Saxonj-,  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Elbe,  and  on  the  railway  from  Dresden  to  Prague,  11 
miles  S.E.  of  the  former.  Pop.  10,581.  It  has  a  ho.»pital, 
and  manufactures  of  earthenware,  tobacco,  cotton,  linen,  and 
woollen  stufts. 

Pirnitz,  peen'nits,  a  town  of  Moravia,  7  miles  S.E.  of 


PIR 


2170 


FlS 


Iglau.     Pop.  3301.     It  has  an  ancient  oaitle,  and  manu> 
facturos  of  linon  and  woollen  kIuIIh. 

PirODf  pe-rOn',  an  island  of  the  LouUiade  Archipelago. 
Lat.  11°  20'  S.;  Ion.  153°  25'  H. 

Pir-Paojaly  i)«er*p4n-jAI'  (?),  »  lofty  range  of  moun- 
Uins,  forming  part  of  thu  S.W.  boundary  of  Cashmere,  ivnd 
■eparatin);  it  from  tho  Punjab.  Length,  40  miles,  ilighoat 
point,  15,000  feet  above  tho  soji-levol.  At  tho  S.W.  ex- 
tremity is  the  Pir-Panjal  Pass,  about  12,000  feet  high. 

Pir-Putta^  peer-]>at't&,  a  place  of  pilgrimage  in 
Sinde,  on  one  of  the  arms  of  the  Indus,  S.W.  of  Tatta. 
Lat.  24°  34'  N.;  Ion.  68°  10'  E. 

Pisa*  pee's&  or  pee'si  (ano.  Pi'iie  and  Al'pkm;  Fr. 
P!*e,  pool),  a  walled  city  of  Italy,  capital  of  a  proviooe  of 
its  own  name,  on  the  Arno,  7  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  12 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Leghorn,  at  a  railway  junction.  Lat.  43° 
43'  11"  N.;  Ion.  10°  23'  68"  |!.  Pop.  50,331.  It  is 
about  5  miles  in  circumference,  its  streets  are  wide,  and  it 
has  many  noble  edifices.  Tiie  Arno  within  the  city  is  bor- 
dered by  fine  quays  and  crossed  by  bridgoa.  In  one  of  its 
squares  is  the  famous  Campanile,  or  loaning  tower,  built 
of  white  marble,  and  fronted  with  207  columns;  it  is  178 
feet  in  height,  and  50  feet  in  diameter,  the  topmost  story 
overhanging  the  base  about  13  feet.  There  are  also  in  tho 
same  square  the  oelobrated  cemetery  of  Campo  Santo,  con- 
taining a  huge  mound  of  earth  brought  from  the  Holy 
Land  in  the  twelfth  century  ;  the  baptistery,  a  polygonal 
building,  160  feet  in  diameter;  and  the  cathedral, — all  of 
which  are  striking  marble  edifices.  The  cathedral  is  richly 
adorned  without  and  within,  and  surmounted  by  a  lofty 
dome.  Among  its  interior  ornaments  are  some  magnificent 
bronze  doors,  numerous  fine  columns  brought  from  Greece, 
and  a  remarkable  pulpit,  the  work  of  Nicolo  Pisano,  the 
founder  of  the  Pisan  school  of  sculpture.  There  are  also 
numerous  churches.  The  other  principal  edifices  are  the 
town  hall,  palace,  the  palace  of  the  academy  of  fine  arts, 
extensive  buildings  of  the  university,  the  city  hall,  custom- 
house, prisons,  hospitals,  the  theatre,  and  an  aqueduct,  4 
miles  in  length,  which  brings  water  from  Asciano.  The 
ancient  university  of  Pisa  is  still  a  great  centre  of  educa- 
tion, and  it  has  also  a  college  of  nobles,  episcopal  seminary, 
many  other  public  schools,  and  some  manufactures  of  soap, 
glass,  and  vitriol.  Three  miles  S.  of  Pisa  are  extensive 
dairy-farms,  where  1500  cows  and  200  camels  are  kept. 
Three  and  a  half  miles  N.  are  the  Bagnidi  Pita,  medicinal 
baths,  frequented  by  many  visitors.  Pisa  was  one  of  the 
12  principal  cities  of  Etruria,  and  from  the  tenth  to  the 
fourteenth  century  it  was  the  capital  of  a  republic.  It  is 
an  archbishop's  see. Adj.  and  inhab.  Pisam. 

Pisa,  a  province  of  Itsily,  in  Tuscany,  having  W.  the 
Gulf  of  Genoa,  N.  Lucca,  E.  Florence,  Siena,  and  Grosseto, 
and  S.  the  Tj'rrhenian  Sea.  Capital,  Pisa.  Area,  1180 
square  miles.     Pop.  205,959. 

Pisagua,  pee-si'gwi,  a  seaport  of  Chili,  lat.  19°  27' 
8.     A  railway  extends  hence  35  miles  to  Sal  de  Obispo. 

Pisangun,  pe-s3,n-goon',  a  town  of  India,  in  Ajmere, 
20  miles  W.  by  S.  of  the  city  of  Ajmere.     Pop.  5055. 

Pisan ia,  pe-zan'e-a,  a  village  and  British  factory  of 
West  Africa,  on  the  Gambia,  200  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Pisarzow,  a  town  of  Moravia.     See  Schreibbndorp. 

Pisaurum,  the  ancient  name  of  Pesaro. 

Pisaurus,  a  river  of  Italy.    See  Foglia. 

Piscaria,  an  ancient  name  of  Peschiera. 

Piscas'sick  lliver,  a  small  stream  of  Rookingbam 
and  Strafford  cos.,  in  the  S.E.  part  of  New  Hampshire, 
falls  into  Lamprey  River. 

Piscat'aqua  River  is  formed  by  the  Cocheeo  and 
Salmon  Rivers,  which  unite  about  3  miles  S.E.  of  Dover, 
N.H.  It  runs  nearly  southeastward,  forms  part  of  the 
boundary  between  Maine  and  New  Hampshire,  and  enters 
tlie  Atlantic  Ouean  at  Portsmouth,  for  which  its  mouth 
forms  a  good  harbor. 

Piscat'aquis,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of 
Maine,  has  an  area  of  about  4000  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Penobscot  River,  and  also  drained  by  the 
Piscataquis  River  and  other  streams.  The  surface  is  mostly 
undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  numerous  lakes,  the 
largest  of  which  are  Moosehead  and  Chesuncook  Lakes. 
In  the  E.  part  of  this  county  stands  Mount  Katahdin, 
which  has  an  altitude  of  5385  feet  and  is  the  highest  point 
in  the  state.  A  large  part  of  this  county  is  covered  with 
forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  Potatoes,  hay,  cattle,  lum- 
ber, oats,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Quarries  of 
■late  have  been  opened  in  it.  It  is  partly  traversed  by  the 
Canadian  Pacific  Railroad,  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  and 
the  Bangor  &  Aroostook  Railroad.  Capital,  Dover,  on  the 
Pincataquis.     Pop.  in  1880,  14,872;  in  18'JO,  16,134. 


PiRcataqiiis  River,  Maine,  drains  tho  S.  part  of  Pi» 
cataquis  co.,  runs  eastward,  and  enters  the  Penobscot  Rive 
in  Ponobsoot  co.,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Bangor.  It  is  noarli 
75  miles  long. 

Piscat'aqnog  (or  Sqnog)  River,  Hillsborough  oo. 
N.H.,  runs  suuthuastward,  and  enters  the  Merrimac  Rlvei 
1  mile  below  Miinchestcr. 

Piscat'away,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prince  George's  oo. 
Md.,  on  a  creek,  near  tno  Potomac  River,  about  14  miles  S 
of  Washington.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  120. 

Piscataway,  township,  Middlesex  co.,  N.J.    P.  2757 

Piscataway,  a  post-office  of  Essex  co.,  Va. 

Pisciotta,  ]ie-shot't&.,  a  town  of  Italy,  9  miles  S.  ol 
Vallo,  on  tho  Mediterranean.     Pop.  3589. 

Pisco,  poes'ko,  a  maritime  town  of  Peru,  departnicn' 
and  130  miles  8.S.E.  of  Lima,  lat.  13°  43'  S.,  Ion.  78°  17 
W.,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Pisco  River  in  the  Pacific 
A  railway  connects  it  with  Ijn,  and  another  with  Lima.    | 

Piscopi,  pis'ko-pe,  an  island  off  the  W.  coast  of  Asiii 
Minor,  21  miles  N.W.  of  Rhodes.  i 

Piscopi,  a  maritime  village  of  Cyprus,  on  its  S.  ooost 
24  miles  E.  of  Baffa. 

Pis'co  River,  Washington,  rises  on  the  eastern  slopi 
of  tho  Cascade  Range,  runs  eastward,  and  enters  the  Ya 
kiina  River  near  lat.  46°  21'  N.     Length,  100  miles. 

Pise'co  Lake,  New  York,  is  in  tho  S.  part  of  Hamil 
ton  CO.,  and  is  the  chief  source  of  the  Sacondaga  River.  I 
is  5  or  6  miles  long. 

Pisek,  peo'sSk,  or  Piseca,  pce-zi'kl,  a  town  of  Bo 
hernia,  on  the  Wotawa,  24  miles  W.S.W.  of  Tabor.  Poji 
9181.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  a  gymnasium,  a  higl 
school,  several  churches,  a  military  academy,  some  woollen 
cloth-  and  nitre-factories,  and  a  brisk  transit  trade. 

Pisgah,  piz'ga,  a  mountain  of  Palestine,  situated  N.E 
of  the  N.  extremity  of  the  Dead  Sea. 

Pisgah,  piz'ga,  a  post-ofiico  of  Jackson  co.,  Ala. 

Pisgah,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co..  III.,  on  the  mil 
road  between  Jacksonville  and  Virden,  7  miles  S.E.  of  th! 
former. 

Pisgah,  a  post-hamlet  of  Charles  co.,  Md.,  about  2 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Washington,  D.C. 

Pisgah,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cooper  co..  Mo.,  30  milet 
W.N.W.  of  Jefferson  City.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  mill.  > 

Pisgah,  a  post-oflSce  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C. 

Pisgah,  a  post-hamlet  in  Union  township,  Butler  eoj 
0.,  about  20  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  is  2  mile 
from  Chester  Railroad  Station.  , 

Pisgah,  a  post-hamlct  of  Giles  co.,  Tenn.,  8  miles  I 
of  Pulaski.     It  has  a  church,  a  seminary,  and  2  stores. 

Pish'eiville,  a  post-oflBce  of  Knox  co.,  Neb. 

Pish'on's  Ferry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kennebec  co..  Mi 
on  the  Kennebec  River,  and  on  the  Maine  Central  Kail 
road,  30  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Aug'ista.     It  has  a  church. 

Pishtaka  (pish-tah'ka)  Lake,  Illinois,  is  about  1 
miles  N.E.  of  Woodstock,  and  is  partly  in  Lake  co.  It  i 
an  expansion  of  Fox  River,  and  is  nearly  7  miles  long. 

Pishtaka  River,  AVisconsin.    See  Fox  River. 

Pisino,  pe-see'no  (Ger.  Mitterbnrg,  mit't?r-b55RC^), 
town  of  Austria-Hungary,  capital  of  Istria,  34  miles  S.I 
of  Triest.     Pop.  2909.     It  has  a  trade  in  fruit  and  wine. 

Pisogne,  pee-sin'yi,  a  village  of  Italy,  23  miles  E.N.f 
of  Bergamo,  at  the  N.E.  extremity  of  Lake  Isoo.     P.  347V 

Pisou,  pe-zoo',  written  also  Pissoii,  a  river  of  Li 
beria,  reaches  the  Atlantic  near  lat.  6°  40'  N.,  Ion.  1 1°  30'  W 

Pis'quid  Bridge,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co.,  Princ 
Edward  Island,  on  tho  Prince  Edward  Island  Railway,  2- 
miles  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  150. 

Pisqnouse  River,  Wash.    See  Wevachee  River. 

Pissa,  pis'si,  a  river  of  Prussia,  issues  from  Lak 
Wistitten,  on  the  frontier  of  Poland,  flows  N.W.,  and  unit^ 
with  the  Angerap  in  forming  the  Prcgel.  Length,  7j 
miles. 

Pissevache,  peess'vish',  a  famous  waterfall  of  Switjci 
land,  canton  of  Valais,  on  the  Sallenche  River,  4  miles  ^ 
of  Martigny.     Total  height,  280  feet. 

Pisticci,  pis-tee'chee,  or  Pisticcio,  pis-tec'cho,  ■ 
town  of  Italy,  in  Basilicata,  19  miles  S.  of  Matera,  wit 
7540  inhabitants,  3  churches,  a  large  convent,  2  hospital 
and  some  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths. 

Pistoja,  pis-to'yi  (Fr.  Pistoie,  pees'twA';  ane.  P' 
to'ria,  or  Pisto'rium),  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  provinc 
of  Florence,  at  a  railway  junction,  on  the  left  bank  of  tl 
Ombrone,  21  miles  N.W.  of  Florence.  Pop.  12,9Cfi.  It 
enclosed  by  ramparts  and  bastions,  defended  by  a  stror 
citadel,  and  well  built,  having  wide  streets,  lined  by  antiqi 
.  houses.  Principal  public  buildings,  a  cathedral  and  se 
eral  churches,  an  episcopal  palace,  several  convents,  and 


M 


2171 


PIT 


fine  old  town  hall.  It  has  an  academy,  a  museum  of  nat- 
ural history,  2  public  libraries,  and  a  theatre,  with  manu- 
factures of  woollen  cloth,  silk  twist,  leather,  iron  wire,  and 
bars,  some  trade  in  cattle,  raw  silk,  and  straw  hats,  and 
considerable  manufactures  of  fire-arms,  fine  cutlery,  and 
surgical  instruments. 

Pistolet  (peeaHoMd')  Island,  an  island  in  a  bay  of 
the  same  name,  on  the  French  shore  of  Newfoundland,  7 
miles  from  Cape  Norman. 

Pistyn,  pis-teen',  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  10  miles 
S.  of  Kolomea.     Pop.  2888. 

Plsuerga,  pe-swfiii'gi,  a  river  of  Spain,  in  Old  Cas- 
tile, rises  in  the  Cantabrian  Mountains,  flows  mostly  S.S.W., 
and  joins  the  Douro  10  miles  below  Valladolid.  Length, 
140  miles. 

Pit,  pit,  a  river  of  Siberia,  rises  in  the  government  of 
Yeniseisk,  near  lat.  60°  N.  and  Ion.  97°  E.,  flows  W.S.AV., 
and  joins  the  Yenisei  on  the  right,  70  miles  below  the  town 
of  Yeniseisk.     Length,  240  lailes. 

Pitangui,  pe-ting-ghee',  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  Minas- 
Geraes,  110  miles  N.W.  of  Ouro  Preto. 

Pit'cairn,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pitcairn  township,  St. 
Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Oswegatchie  River,  about  40 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Ogdensburg.     Pop.  of  township,  110.3. 

Pit'cairn    Island,  a  solitary  island   in    the   Pacific 
Ocean.     Lat.  25°  3'  6"  S.;  Ion.  130°  8'  W.     It  is  2i  miles 
t  in  length.     It  is  of  volcanic  origin,  its  shores  rising  almost 
I  perpendicularly.    In  the  whole  island  there  is  but  one  land- 
ing-place, at  Bounty  Bay.    The  cocoa-nut,  plantain,  banana, 
pandanus,  orange,  and  bread-fruit  trees  flourish  ;  and  maize, 
iwcet  potatoes,  yams,  sugar-cane,  and  other  tropical  plants 
are  cultivated.     The  climate  is  healthful,  with  the  ther- 
mometer ranging  from  59°  to  89°  Fahrenheit.     Here  a  re- 
markable colony  was  founded  in  1790  by  the  mutineers  of 
the  English  ship  Bounty,  and  consisting  originally  of  9 
British  sailors,  6  native  Tahitian  men,  and  12  women.     In 
1825  Captain  Beechey  found  here  a  colony  of  66  persons. 
Under  the  patriarchal  superintendence  of  one  of  the  original 
mutineers,  an  Englishman  named  Adams,  the  children  had 
been  reared  and  educated.     They  have  a  church,  school, 
and  comfortable  cottages,  forming  a  village.     They  speak 
,.  and  read  the  English  language,  are  of  an  active,  robust 
I  frame  of  body,  and  dark  complexion,  with  pleasing  counte- 
i  Dances.     A  part  of  the  descendants  of  the  original  colony 
now  live  at  Norfolk  Island. 

Pitch'er,  a  township  of  Cherokee  co.,  Iowa.   Pop.  326. 

Pitcher,  a  post-village  in  Pitcher  township,  Chenango 

1  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Otselio  Creek,  about  34-  miles   N.  of   Bing- 

i  bamton,  and  18  miles  \V.  by  N.  of  Norwich.     It  has  2  or  3 

churches  and  a  woollen-mill.    Pop.  148.    The  township  has 

5  churches  and  a  pop.  of  1082. 

Pitcher  Springs,  a  post-of5ce  in  Pitcher  township, 
iChenango  co.,  N.Y.,  about  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  Syracuse. 
I    Pitch'erville,  a  post-ofiice  of  Jo  Daviess  co..  111.,  about 
'  24  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Galena. 

Pitchin,  Iroquois  co.,  Illinois.     See  Glenwood. 

Pitch'in,a  hamlet  of  Clark  co.,  0.,  in  Green  township, 
1 5  miles  S.S.E.  of  Springfield.     It  has  a  church. 
I    Pitch  Land'ing,  a  post-oflSce  and  shipping-point  of 
[Hertford  co.,  N.C.,  on  an  aflSuent  of  the  Chowan  lliver,  50 
imiles  direct  S.W.  of  Norfolk,  Va. 

f  PiteS,  pit'e-o,  a  river  of  North  Sweden,  Isens  of  Wes- 
ilerbottcn  and  Norrbotten,  enters  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia  near 
iPitcii,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  180  miles. 
1  Piled,  a  seaport  town  of  North  Sweden,  capital  of  Norr- 
botten, on  the  Pitei,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia, 
HO  miles  N.N.E.  of  Umed.  Pop.  2004.  It  has  a  convenient 
jliarbor  and  several  ship-building  docks.  See  Norrbottk.v. 
I .  Piteccio,  pe-t5t'cho  (anc.  Pitieciumt),  a  village  of 
rltaly,  near  the  Ombrone,  5  miles  N.  of  Pistoja.  Pop.  1600. 
'  Piteglio,  po-tdl'yo,  a  village  of  Italy,  20  mile?  N.W. 
)f  Pistoja.     Pop.  of  commune,  3314. 

Pitesti,  pe-t6s'tee,  or  Pitescht,  pe-t5sht',  a  town  of 
Eloumania,  65  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Bucharest.    Pop.  13,000. 

Pithecusa,  an  ancient  name  of  Ischia. 

Pithiviers,  peeHeeVe-i',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loiret, 
!5  miles  N.E.  of  Orleans.  Pop.  4899.  It  has  manufao- 
ures  of  almond-cakes,  hemp,  candles,  leather,  Ac,  and  a 
rade  in  saffron,  silk,  and  honey. 

Pit'hole  City,  a  decayed  post-borough  of  Venango  co., 
*a.,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Oil  City,  and  10  miles  S.E.  of  Titus- 
ille.  It  has  several  oil-wells,  one  of  which  formerly  yielded 
000  barrels  in  a  day.  It  once  contained  more  than  10,000 
nhabitants,  but  it  is  now  nearly  deserted.    It  has  2  churches. 

Piti,  pee'tee,  a  district  of  Thibet,  among  the  Himalayas, 
elonging  to  Great  Britain,  and  bounded  E.  by  the  Chinese 
srritorios,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  Parang. 


Pitic,  pce-tik',  or  Petic,  p§-tik',  a  town  of  Mexico,  state 
of  and  on  the  Sonora,  95  miles  S.W.  of  Arispe.     Pop.  5000. 

Piticcinm,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Piteccio. 

Pitigliano,  pe-teel-yd,'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  provinoe 
of  Siena,  29  miles  E.S.E.  of  Grosseto.     Pop.  3970. 

Pit'kin,  a  post-village  of  Colorado,  co.  and  27  miles  by 
rail  N.E.  of  Gunnison.     Pop.  1891, 

Pitlaud,  a  town  of  India.    See  Petlaud. 

Pitlochrie,  pit-loK'ree,  a  village  and  watering-place 
of  Scotland,  co.  of  Perth,  16  miles  by  rail  N.N.W,  of  Dun- 
keld,  near  Killiecrankie.     It  has  mineral  springs.    P.  51 U. 

Pit'man,  a  post-ofiice  of  Randolph  co..  Ark. 

Pitman,  a  post-office  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa. 

Pitman  Grove,  a  post-village  in  Mantua  townsliip, 
Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  at  Pit- 
man Station,  15i  miles  S.  of  Camden.     Pop.  about  200. 

Pitre,  peet'r,  an  islet  in  the  Little  CuI-de-Sac,  a  bay  of 
Guadeloupe,  French  West  Indies,  S.  of  La  Pointe-a-Pitre. 

Pitschen,  pitch'^n,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  33  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Oppeln.     Pop.  2230. 

Pi-Tse-Wo'a,  or  Pi-Tse-Wo,  a  seaport  town  of 
Chinese  Manchooria,  on  the  Yellow  Sea.  Lat.  39°  18'  N. ; 
Ion.  122°  18'  E.  Its  port  is  well  sheltered  and  never  icy,  but 
much  of  it  is  rather  shallow. 

Pitt,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  North  Carolina,  has  au 
area  of  about  658  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Tar 
River,  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Neuso  River,  and  also 
drained  by  Grindle  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  pine 
and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  sandy  and  partly  fertile.  Cotr 
ton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  lumber,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Wilmington  <& 
Weldon  Railroad.  Capital,  Greenville.  Pop.  in  1870L 
17,276;  in  1880,  21,794;  in  1890,  25,51'J. 

Pitt,  a  township  of  Wyandot  co.,  0.     Pop.  991. 

Pitt,  or  Makin,  mi-keen',  an  island  of  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  one  of  the  Gilbert  Islands,  in  lat.  3°  20'  N.,  Ion, 
172°  57'  E. 

PitHenweem',  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife, 
on  the  N.  shore  of  the  Firth  of  Forth,  and  on  a  railway,  24 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Edinburgh.     Pop.  1760. 

Pitthem,  pitt'§m,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flan- 
ders, 15  miles  S.E.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  5450. 

Pitt,  Mount,  Oregon.    See  Mount  Pitt. 

Pitt  River,  California,  issues  from  Goose  Lake,  in 
Modoc  CO.,  and  runs  southwestward.  It  intersects  Lassen 
CO.,  and  enters  the  Sacramento  River  in  Shasta  co.  It  trav- 
erses a  rugged  and  mountainous  region. 

Pitts,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co.,  Mo.,  about  32  miles 
W.  of  St.  Charles. 

Pitt's  Archipelago,  ar-ke-pel'a-go,  in  the  Pacifio 
Ocean,  off  the  coast  of  British  Columbia,  is  mostly  between 
lat.  52°  and  54°  N.,  Ion.  130°  W.  Pitt's  Island,  the  largest 
of  the  group,  is  about  75  miles  in  length  from  N.W.  to 
S.E.     Several  other  islands  in  the  Pacific  have  this  name. 

Pittsborough,  pits'bur-ruh,  a  post-village  in  Middle 
township,  Hendricks  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloom- 
ington  &,  Western  Railroad,  18  miles  W.N.W.  of  Indianap- 
olis. It  has  several  churches,  a  flour-mill,  7  stores,  and 
a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  700. 

Pittsborough,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Calhoun  co. 
Miss.,  about  65  miles  W.N.W.  of  Columbus,  and  30  milefl 
E.N.E.  of  Grenada.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  186. 

Pittsborough,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Chatham  co., 
N.C.,  about  34  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Raleigh.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  4  churches,  and  the  Locust  Hill  Seminary. 
Pop.  about  700. 

Pitts'burg,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.,  in  Tip- 
pecanoe township,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Wabash  River,  li 
miles  W.  of  Delphi,  and  about  18  miles  N.E.  of  Lafayette. 
It  has  water-power,  a  flour-mill,  an  iron-foundry,  a  wool- 
len-mill, a  high  school,  and  2  churches.    Pop.  in  1890,  327. 

Pittsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Des  Moines  River,  IJ  miles  above  Keosauqua.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  150. 

Pittsburg,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co.,  Kansas, 
about  10  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Girard.  It  has  8  churches, 
3  banks,  public  schools,  4  newspnper  offices,  and  zinc  and 
silver-melting-works.     Pop.  in  1890,  6697. 

Pittsburg,  a  ])ost-hamlet  of  Shiawassee  co.,  Mich., 
about  24  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lansing.     It  has  a  church. 

Pittsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hickory  co..  Mo.,  about 
48  miles  N.  of  Springfield.     It  has  a  church. 

Pittsburg,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pittsburg  township,  Coos 
CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  about  45  miles  N.  by 
E,  of  Lancaster.     It  has  a  church,  a  starch-mill,  and  sev- 


PIT 


2172 


FIT 


eral  Mw-mills.    Th«  to^rnship  is  the  northernmost  in  the 
■t&te,  and  also  the  largest  in  area.     It  has  a  pop.  of  400. 

Pittsburg,  or  Pittsburgh,  a  city  and  the  onpital  of 
Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  and  a  port  of  dolivory,  is  351  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  Philadelphia,  1-18  miles  S.  of  Erie,  and  103  miles 
B.  of  Columbus.  Lat.  40°  26'  34"  N. ;  Ion.  80°  2'  38"  W. 
Within  the  angle  formed  by  the  rivers  Alleghany  and  Mon- 
ongahela  whore  thoy  meet  and  give  birth  to  the  Ohio  (the 
throe  rivers  forming  a  water-lino  which,  viewed  from  the 
W.,  resembles  a  letter  Y,  e.xcept  that  the  Ohio  trends  some- 
what to  the  N.)  lies  the  original  Pittsburg,  the  inner  point 
being  the  site  of  the  old  Fort  Du  Quesne  of  the  French, 
later  of  Fort  Pitt,  the  nucleus  of  the  city  ;  looking  inland 
from  the  point  the  land  widens  rapidly  and  at  the  same 
time  rises  slowly,  but  quite  perceptibly,  from  the  high-water 
level  to  an  elevation  of  from  400  to  500  foet.  Mostly  upon 
this  slope  lies  the  closely-built-up  portion  of  the  city,  with 
river-frontage  on  both  the  N.W.  and  the  S.W.,  extending 
about  8  miles,  with  but  a  s7ight  inclination  northward  in 
the  Alleghany  line,  and  two  slight  curves,  first  northward 
then  southward,  in  that  of  the  Monongahela.  Until  1872 
the  city  was  bounded  by  the  two  rivers,  but  during  that 
year  it  crossed  the  S.W.  boundary  by  the  annexation  of  the 
extensive  manufacturing  district  formerly  comprised  in  the 
boroughs  of  Tomperanceville,  Union,  West  Pittsburg,  Allen- 
town,  Mount  Washington,  Birmingham,  East  Birmingham, 
Lower  St.  Clair,  South  Pittsburg,  and  Ormsby.  In  1874 
the  city  was  further  enlarged  by  annexing  Willtins  township 
on  the  E.  Pittsburg  contains  21  blast-furnaces,  49  iron- 
foundries,  34  factories  for  window-glass,  37  for  flint-  and 
lime-glass,  10  for  lamp-chimneys,  5  for  green  bottle-glass, 
15  for  prescription  vinis,  alco  manufactories  for  air-brakes, 
locomotives,  automatic  signals,  electric-light  apparatus, 
builders'  hardware,  Japiin,  Britannia,  silver-,  and  nickel- 
plated  wares,  articles  in  brass,  copper,  bronze,  Ac,  together 
with  gas-fittings  and  mechanical  supplies  of  every  kind. 
The  territory  on  the  S.W.  of  the  Monongahela  is  iiliiiost 
entirely  occupied  by  extensive  manufacturing  establish- 
luents.  The  banks,  insurance  companies,  newspaiiers,  and 
wholesale  merchants  mostly  occupy  a  bfit  along  Wood  and 
Smithfield  streets  and  the  intersecting  avenues.  The  homes 
of  "the  iron  city"  are  almost  all  on  the  highlands  E.,  rail- 
roads affording  every  facility,  by  frequent  local  trains  and 
moderate  fares,  to  those  desiring  suburban  homes.  The 
growing  manufactures  of  Pittsburg  are  .«teadily  extending 
their  area  more  and  more  eastward.  The  various  parts  of 
Pittsburg  and  its  suburbs  are  connected  by  numerous  sub- 
Etantial  bridges  and  lines  of  steam,  cable,  and  electric  cars. 
Among  the  bridges  which  cross  both  rivers  at  short  inter- 
vals, one  across  the  Monongahela  at  its  mouth  is  a  massive 
iron  viaduct,  and  is  considered  a  noble  triumph  of  modern 
engineering  and  a  strong  testimonial  to  the  value  of  iron 
in  combining  strength  with  elegiince.  Among  the  notable 
buildings  of  Pittsburg  are  the  court-house,  costing  $2,600,- 
000,  the  Government  building,  recently  finished  at  a  cost 
of  $1,500,000,  the  Exposition  building,  the  city  hall,  a  hand- 
eome  and  substantial  edifice  of  white  sandstonCj  with  a  mas- 
sive central  tower,  containing  a  clock  which  is  connected 
by  ingenious  electric  apparatus  with  the  stellar  clock  of 
the  Alleghany  Observatory;  the  custom-house,  where  are 
also  the  post-office  and  United  States  courts;  the  county 
court-house;  a  number  of  large,  handsome  church  edifices 
(among  them  the  Roman  Catholic  cathedral  is  one  of  the 
largest,  while  Trinity  Protestant  Episcopal  church  is  one  of 
the  handsomest,  in  the  United  States,  and  St.  Peter's  Prot- 
estant Episcopal,  Christ  Methodist  Episcopal,  the  First  and 
Third  Presbyterian,  the  First  and  Fourth  Baptist,  and  sev- 
eral others,  are  very  handsome  edifices) ;  the  United  States 
arsenal ;  a  considerable  number  of  public  and  private  school 
buildings,  libraries,  Ac.;  several  of  the  bank,  insurance, 
and  other  business  edifioos ;  and  a  number  of  the  leading 
hotels.  Pittsburg  is  the  site  of  the  Carnegie  Art,  Library, 
and  Music  Building,  and  the  Phipps  Conservatory.  Aided 
by  its  natural  gas  fuel,  it  is  pre-eminently  the  manufac- 
turing city  of  this  continent.  It  has  a  large  and  varied 
commerce,  domestia  and  foreign;  it  gathers  bituminous 
coal  and  petroleum  from  the  rich  country  around,  and 
sends  the  former  by  thousands  of  tons  to  all  parts  of  the 
hemisphere,  and  the  latter  by  millions  of  gallons  to  all 
parts  of  the  world  ;  15,000  ovens  make  coke  lo  the  amount 
in  a  single  year  of  more  than  a  million  tons,  and  its  iron, 
steel,  and  glass  products  are  vast.  The  Alleghany  and 
Monongahela  aflTord  excellent  natural  channels  for  the  re- 
ception of  iron  and  coal  from  the  mines,  oil  from  the  wells, 
and  lumber  from  the  forests,  and  the  Ohio  for  the  trans- 
portation of  all  the  rich  products  to  the  various  markets 
ftmd  distributing  points  along  its  shores  and  those  of  the 


Mississippi  River.     Pittsburg's  grandest  outlets  and  inlets 
are,    however,   supplied   by   a   complete    system   of    rail- 
roads   running  out  in   all   directions:    the   Pennsylvania 
and  Baltimore  &,  Ohio  Railroads  eastward,  the  Pittsburg, 
Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago  and  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  A.  St. 
Louis  Railroads  westward,  the  Cleveland  A  Pittsburg,  the 
Ashtabula  A  Pittsburg,  and  the  Erie  A  Pittsburg  (the  last 
three  being  branch  lines  of  the  Pennsylvania)  northward, 
and  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad  and  numerous  local  and 
branch  lines,  complete  a  perfect  net-work  of  rails,  connect- 
ing this  groat  mining  and  manufacturing  centre  with  the 
rich  supply-districts  and  with  the  markets  and  seaboard  of 
the  entire  continent.     As  a  commercial  city,  Pittsburg  is  a 
port  of  delivery  of  the  district  of  New  Orleans,  and  a  con- 
siderable proportion  of  its  foreign  traffic  is  thus  made  dif-  j 
ficult  of  identification  ;  but  it  is  sufficient  to  note  that  year  i 
after  year  Pittsburg's  domestic  and  foreign  trade  is  steadily  ! 
growing,  while   as   a   manufacturing  city  its  progress  is  i 
rapid  and  its  attained  position  the  first  on  the  continent. ! 
The  city  is  divided  into  37  wards,  and  is  governed  by  ai 
mayor  and  two  chambers  of  council ;  it  has  excellent  police  i 
and  fire  departments,  an  ample  supply  of  pure  water,  and 
is  well  lighted  by  electricity.     Pittsburg  has  a  most  satis- 
factory public-school  system,  and  several  admirable  private 
and  denominational   schools,  among  which  the  Pittsburg 
Female  College,  controlled  by  the  Methodist  Church,  has 
long  been  a  flourishing  institution.    Between  Pitt.-'burg  and 
its  neighbor,  Alleghany  City,  there  is  close  community  of 
interest  in  all  matters  pertaining  to  social  and  educational 
advancement,  and  together  they  form  a  centre  of  culture; 
as  well  as  of  great  industrial  life.     The  city  has  47  national' 
and   state  banks,  besides  a   number  of   private  lianking 
houses,  a  large  and  flourishing  chamber  of  commerce,  3 
libraries,  and  about  200  churches.     There  are  10  daily  and 
20  weekly   papers  published  here,  and  a  dozen  monthly 
and  other  periodicals,  representing  various  interests.  j 

History. — Fort  Du  Quesne,  a  French  trading-post,  erected  | 
in  1754,  formerly  occupied  the  site  where  Pittsburg  now 
stands.  After  repeated  attempts,  the  British  took  the  place' 
in  1758,  and  erected  afortilication  oh  the  siteof  Du  Quesne,  ■ 
which  they  called  Fort  Pitt,  in  honor  of  William  Pitt,  then 
prime  minister  of  England.  The  town  of  Pittsburg  began 
to  be  settled  in  1765.  It  became  a  county  town  in  1791,1 
was  incorporated  a  borough  in  1804,  and  was  chartered  as  a 
city  in  1816.  Pop.  in  1810,  4768;  in  1820,  7248;  in  I8:i0, 
12,542;  in  1840,  21,115;  in  1860,  49,217;  in  1870,  86,076, , 
of  whom  29,854  were  returned  as  engaged  in  various  occu-i 
pations,  12,370  being  employed  in  manufactures.  In  the| 
same  year  the  Birmingham  district  had  a  jiop.  of  35,723,1 
which,  added  to  that  of  the  old  city,  made  a  total  of  121,799.1 
Pop.  in  1880,  156,389;  in  1890,  238,617. 

Pittsburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Camp  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  East  hine  A  Red  River  Railroad,  about  50  miles 
N.W.  of  Jefferson.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office, ; 
and  an  Odd-Fellow's  college.     Pop.  in  1890,  120X. 

Pittsburg  Landing,  a  post-office  of  JIardin  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Tennessee  River,  about  11); 
miles  above  Savannah.  A  great  battle  was  fought  here 
between  General  Grant  and  General  A.  S.  Johnston,  April 
6  and  7,  1862;  often  called  tho  battle  of  Shiloh.  Here  it  a 
national  cemetery. 

Pitt's  Cross  Roads,  post-office,  Bledsoe  co.,  Tenn. 

Pitts'tield,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pike  co..  III.,  in 
Pittsfield  township,  about  40  miles  S.E.  of  Quincy,  and  40 
miles  W.S.W.  of  .Jackson villo.  It  is  6  miles  S.  of  the 
Wabash  Railroad,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  the  Pitts- 
field  Branch.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  national  bank,  1 
other  bank,  9  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  woollen-fac- 
tory, and  a  graded  school  with  a  school  building  which 
cost  $45,000.     Pop.  in  1890,  2295  ;  of  the  township,  3270. 

Pittsfield,  a  beautiful  city,  the  capital  of  Berkshire 
CO.,  Mass.,  in  Pittsfield  township,  on  the  Housatonic  River, 
and  on  the  Boston  A  Albany  Railroad,  at  the  N.  terininui 
of  the  Housatonic  Railroad,  which  here  connects  with  the 
Pittsfield  A  North  Adams  Railroad.  Lat.  42°  26'  56"  N., 
Ion.  73°  15'  36"  W.  By  railroad  it  is  50  miles  E.S.E; 
of  Albany,  151  miles  W.  of  Boston,  and  53  miles  W.N.W! 
of  Springfield.  It  is  situated  in  the  lovely  Berkshire  val- 
ley, more  than  1000  feet  above  sea-level,  and  is  surroundcc 
by  mountains.  The  streets  of  the  city  cross  one  another  al 
right  angles;  in  the  centre  is  Park  Square,  on  which  stnnc 
several  handsome  churches,  the  white  marble  court-house 
which  cost  nearly  $400,000,  and  the  Berkshire  Athenaeum 
built  at  a  cost  of  $100,000,  and  near  which  is  the  building  o 
the  Berkshire  Life  Insurance  Company.  Pittsfield  containi 
9  churches,  the  Maplewood  Institute  for  young  ladies,  occu 
pying  several  spacious  edifices,  another  young  ladies'  »em» 


PIT 


2173 


PIZ 


nary,  a  conservatory  of  music,  an  academy  of  music  (the- 
atre), built  at  a  cost  of  $80,00(1,  a  mercantile  library,  2 
national  banks,  a  savings-bank,  public  high  and  grammar 
gehools,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  2  weekly  news- 
papers. It  is  supplied  with  water  from  Lake  Ashley,  and 
18  lighted  with  gas.  Near  its  western  border  is  the  Pitts- 
field  Pleasure  Park.  The  city  has  extensive  manufactures 
of  cotton  goods,  paper,  machinery,  woollen  goods,  boots 
and  shoes,  silk,  flour,  tacks,  ale,  beer,  <fcc.  Pop.  of  the 
township  in  1670,  11,112;  in  1880,  13,364;  in  1890,17,281. 
Pittsiield,  a  post-village  in  Pittsfield  township,  Somer- 
get  CO.,  Me.,  on  the  Sebasticook  River,  and  on  the  Maine 
Central  Railroad,  41  miles  N.N.E.  of  Augusta,  and  34  miles 
W.  of  Banger.  It  contains  2  churches,  the  Maine  Central 
Institute,  a  newspaper  office,  a  woollen-mill,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  of  the  township,  2603. 
Pittsfield,  township,  Washtenaw  cc,  Mich.  P.  1121. 
Pittstield)  a  post-village  in  Pittsfield  township,  Mer- 
rimack CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Suncook  River,  15  miles  E.N.B. 
of  Concord.  It  contains  5  churches,  a  national  bank,  a 
savings-bank,  a  newspaper  office,  an  academy,  and  manu- 
factures of  cotton  goods  and  of  boots  and  shoes.  It  is  the 
northern  terminus  of  the  Suncook  Valley  Railroad,  20 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Hookset.     Pop.  in  1890,  2605. 

Pittsfield,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pittsfield  township,  Otsego 
CO.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  from  New  Berlin  Station,  and  about  60 
miles  N.E.  of  Binghamton.    It  has  manufactures  of  butter- 
tubs,  blinds,  &a.     The  township  is  bounded  ou  the  W.  by 
I  the  Unadilla  River,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1521. 
I      Pittsfield,  a  post-village  in  Pittsfield  township,  Lo- 
I  rain  CO.,  0.,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Black  River,  4  miles 
!  S.  of  Oberlin.     It  has  2  churches  and  4  cheese-factories. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  980. 
Pittsfield,  a  post-village  in  Pittsfield  township,  War- 
,  ren  co.,  Pa.,  on  Brokenstraw  Creek,  on  the  Philadelphia 

it  Erie  Railroad,  and  on  the  Dunkirk  A,  Alleghany  Valley 
,  Railroad,  17   miles  S.B.  of  Corry,  and  23  miles  N.E.  of 
Titusville.     It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  saw-mill, 
and  3  stores.     Pop.  about  500;  of  the  township,  1851. 
Pittsfield,  a  post-village  in  Pittsfield  township,  Rut- 
i  land  CO.,  Vt.,  about  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Rutland.     It  has  2 
I  ohurches  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  482. 
^     Pittsfield,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  719. 
Pitts'ford,  a  township  of  Butler  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  628. 
Pittsford,  a  post-village  in  Pittsford  township,  Ilills- 
'  dale  CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern 
Railroad,  24  miles  W.  of  Adrian,  and  10  miles  E.S.E.  of 
1  Hillsdale.     It  has  2  churches  and  1  or  2  flour-mills.     Pop. 
about  400;  of  the  township,  1577. 

Pittsford,  a  post-village  in  Pittsford  township,  Mon- 
;  roe  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie  Canal,  and  on  the  Auburn  Branch 
•  of  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Roch- 
!  ester.  It  has  3  or  4  churches,  a  union  school,  a  flouring- 
i  mill,  and  manufactures  of  malt,  sash,  blinds,  &o.  Pop.  505. 
I  The  township  has  7  churches,  and  a  pop.  of  2215. 

Pittsford,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  in  Pitts- 
ford township,  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  on  Otter  Creek,  and  on  the 
Central  Vermont  Railroad,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Rutland, 
land  7  miles  S.  of  Brandon.     It  has  4  churches,  a  high 
I  school,  manufactures  of  paper,  marble,  iron,   <fcc.,  and  a 
'summer  hotel.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2127. 

Pittsford  Quarry,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pittsford  town- 
ship, Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  12 
jmiles  N.N.W.  of  Rutland.  Here  is  a  marhle-quarry.  It 
tis  sometimes  called  North  Pittsford. 

'    Pitts'grove,  a  post-township  of  Salem  co.,  N.J.,  about 
26  miles  S.  of  Camden,  is  intersected  by  the  West  Jersey 
Railroad.     It  contains  Elmer  and  Daretown.     Pop.  1667. 
Pitt's  Island.     See  Pitt's  Auchipelago,  and  Vani- 

KORO. 

Pitt's  Lake,  in  the  S.  part  of  Oregon,  near  118°  W. 
Ion.  and  42°  10'  N.  lat.    Length,  40  miles  ;  breadth,  10  miles. 

Pitt's  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bullitt  co.,  Ky.,  on  Salt 
River,  about  25  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Louisville.     Pop.  98. 

Pitts'ton,  a  post- village  in  Pittston  township,  Kenne- 
bec CO.,  Me.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Kennebec  River,  oppo- 
site Gardiner,  and  about  6  miles  below  Augusta.  A  bridge 
icross  the  river  connects  Pittston  with  Gardiner  and  with 
-he  Maine  Central  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches,  a  shoe- 
'actory,  and  a  steam  saw-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  1281. 

Pittston,  a  post-borough  in  Pittston  townshij),  Luzerne 
;o..  Pa.,  in  the  Wyoming  Valley,  on  the  B.  bank  of  the  Sus- 
[uehanna  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Lackawanna,  and  on 
ho  Lehigh  Valley,  Pennsylvania  Coal  Company's,  and 
isokawanna  &  Bloomsburg  Railroads,  9  miles  N.E.  of 
iVilkesbarre,  and  9  miles  S.W.  of  Scranton.  A  bridge 
icross  the  North  Branch  connects  this  place  with  West 


Pittston.  Pittston  contains  2  newspaper  offices,  a  national 
bank,  and  mines  of  anthracite  coal,  which  is  the  chief  article 
of  e.xport.  P.  in  1890, 10,302  ;  of  township,  .additional,  3284. 

Pitts'town,  a  post-village  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J., 
about  30  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Trenton.  It  has  a  public  hall, 
a  machine-shop,  a  foundry,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  150. 

Pittstown,  Salem  co.,  N.J.     See  Elmer. 

Pittstown,  a  post-village  in  Pittstown  township,  Rens- 
selaer CO.,  N.Y.,  about  13  miles  N.E.  of  Troy.  The  town- 
ship is  traversed  by  the  Troy  &  Boston  Railroad,  and  con- 
tains other  villages,  named  Johnsonville,  Valley  Falls,  and 
Tomhannoc.     Pop.  of  the  township,  3967. 

Pitt  Strait,  Malay  Archipelago,  is  between  Salawatty 
and  Batanta,  ofi"  the  N.W.  end  of  Papua. 

Pitts'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wicomico  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Wicomico  &  Pocomoke  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of  Salisbury. 

Pittsville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Jackson  township,  John- 
son CO.,  Mo.,  10  miles  N.  of  Holden.     It  has  a  church. 

Pittsville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rockland  township,  Ve- 
nango CO.,  Pa.  It  is  li  miles  from  Rockland  Station,  and 
about  13  miles  S.  of  Oil  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Pittsville,  a  post-village  of  Fort  Bend  co.,  Tex.,  3'^ 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Houston.     It  has  a  church. 

Pittsville,  a  post-village  of  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va., 
about  V-i  miles  N.  of  Chatham. 

Pittsville,  a  city  of  Wood  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Yellow 
River,  5  miles  N.  of  Dexter  Station.  It  has  a  church,  a 
saw-mill,  a  quarry  of  granite,  a  publishing  company,  a 
coopering  industry,  a  manufactory  of  wagon  stock,  and 
general  stores.     Pop.  in  1890,  653. 

Pittsylva'nia,  a  county  in  the  S.  of  Virginia,  bor- 
dering on  North  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  914  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Staunton  River,  and 
is  drained  by  the  Banister  and  Dan  Rivers,  the  latter  of 
which  crosses  the  southern  boundary  five  times.  The  sur- 
face is  moderately  hilly.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Tobacco, 
wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Richmond  <fc  Danville 
Railroad.  Capital,  Chatham.  Pop.  in  1870,  31,342;  in 
1880,  52,589;  in  1890,  59,941. 

Pittsylvania  Court-House,  Va.    See  Chatham. 

Pitt'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shasta  co.,  Cal.,  on  Pitt 
River,  40  miles  N.  of  Lassen's  Peak.     It  has  a  store. 

Pitt'wood,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Iroquois  co., 
111.,  on  the  Chicago,  Danville  &  Vincenncs  Railroad,  5J 
miles  N.  of  Watseka. 

Pityusa,  the  ancient  name  of  Formenteua. 

Pitzthal,  pits'tAl,  a  village  of  Tyrol,  near  Imst,  in  a 
long  and  bleak  valley  of  the  same  name. 

Piunhi,  pe-oon-yee',  or  Livramento,  le-vri-mfin'to. 
a  town  of  Brazil,  58  miles  W.S.W.  of  Formiga. 

Piura,  pee-oo'r.l,  a  river  of  Peru,  enters  the  Pacific 
after  a  W.  course  of  about  120  miles. 

Piura,  or  San  Miguel  de  Piura,  sin  mce-ghfil'  d& 
pee-oo'ri,  a  town  of  Peru,  capital  of  the  department  of  its 
own  name,  is  on  the  Piura,  120  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lambaye- 
que.  Pop.  12,000.  The  department  of  Piura  has  an  area 
of  13,931  square  miles  and  a  pop.  of  135,502. 

Pi  Ute,  pi  yut,  a  county  of  Utah,  bordering  on  Colo- 
rado, has  an  area  of  about  3696  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Colorado  River  and  its  branches  the  Grand  and 
Green  Rivers,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Sevier  River.  It 
comprises  a  part  of  the  Wahsatch  Mountains.  The  soil  of 
the  plains  requires  irrigation  to  render  it  fertile.  Capital, 
Junction.     Pop.  in  1880,  1651 ;  in  1890,  2842. 

Pi  Ute,  a  station  in  Humboldt  co.,  Nev.,  on  the  Central 
Pacific  Railroad,  55  miles  S.E.  of  Winnemucca. 

Piverone,  pe-vi-ro'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Turin.     Pop.  1597. 

Pivniczna,  or  Piwuiczna,  piv-nects'ni,  a  village 
of  Austrian  Galicia,  on  the  Poprad,  13  miles  S.  of  Neu- 
Sandec.     Pop.  4339. 

Pix'ley,  a  township  of  Clay  co..  111.     Pop.  1517. 

Pizarra,  La,  IS.  pe-thaR'ni,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  An- 
dalusia, about  15  miles  from  Malaga.     Pop.  2331. 

Pizeco,  or  Pizeeco,  New  Y^ork.    See  Piseco. 

Pizzighettone,  pit-se-ghfit-to'nA,  a  fortified  town  of 
Italy,  in  Lombardy,  12  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Cremona,  on  the 
Adda.  Pop.,  including  the  suburb  of  Gerra,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  river,  4327.     It  is  enclosed  by  an  old  wall. 

Pizzo,  pit'so,  a  city  of  Italy,  in  Catanzaro,  6  miles  N.E. 
of  Monteleone,  on  the  Gulf  of  Santa  Eufemia.     Pop.  82391. 

Pizzoferrato,  pit-so-fSre-n&'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Chieti,  23  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lanciano.     Pop.  1605. 

Pizzoli,  pit-so'lee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  6 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Aquila.  It  has  3  churches,  a  large  mon- 
astery,  and  4062  inhabitants. 


PJA 


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PLA 


PJnIigorsk,  a  toirn  of  Ruuia.    Seo  Piatioorbk. 

Vlacanica,  i>l&-k&'no-k&,  a  toirn  of  Italy,  province 
of  Hoi?K»*»  **'  Culabriii,  10  milos  N.E.of  Goraoe.   Pop.  U39. 

PIncenciu.    See  Pi.askscia. 

Plucentia,  pl^-son'sU?-^  a  seaport  town  and  port  of 
entry  of  Now  fouiulland,  on  tho  W.  coast  of  the  peninsula, 
extending  from  tbo  S.E.  side  of  tlie  island,  in  about  lat.  47° 
11'  SO"  N.,  Ion.  53°  65'  W.  It  was  first  settled  by  tbo 
French  in  1626.     Pop.  400. 

Plaocntia  Bay,  a  deep  inlet  on  the  S.  coast  of  New- 
foundland, 75  milos  in  length,  and  nearly  60  miles  in 
breadth  at  its  entrance  between  Capos  St.  Marie  and  Cha- 
peau  Rouge. 

Placer,  pli-sain',  or  Placel,p1&-8dl',  a  Spanish  word, 
signifying  literally  a  "layer  of  sand,  pebbles,  <tc.,  in  the 
bottom  of  the  sea  or  of  a  river."  More  frequently,  however, 
it  is  used  to  denote  the  layers  of  sand,  earth,  <I;c.,  formed 
by  the  washings  of  a  river,  and  containing  deposits  of  gold 
or  other  metal. 

Pla'cer,  a  county  of  California,  borders  on  Nevada. 
Area,  about  I5U0  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
Lake  Tahoe,  on  the  N.W.  by  Bear  River,  on  the  S.  by  the 
Middle  Fork  of  the  American  River,  and  is  also  drained  by 
the  North  Fork  of  the  American.  These  rivers  run  in 
narrow  cafions  or  ravines  which  are  in  some  places  2000 
feet  deep  or  more.  The  Sierra  Nevada,  which  occupies  the 
eastern  part  of  this  county,  presents  grand  mountain- 
scenery.  The  surface  is  extensively  covered  with  noble 
forests  of  pine  and  other  coniferous  trees.  The  soil  of  the 
valleys  is  fertile.  Wheat,  barley,  wine,  fruits,  and  wool  are 
the  staple  products  of  the  farms,  and  gold  is  the  chief 
article  of  export.  Among  the  minerals  found  in  this  county 
are  granite,  serpentine,  quartz,  and  slate.  It  is  intersected 
by  two  divisions  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  one  of 
which  connects  with  Auburn,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
11,.357;  in  1880,  14,282;  in  1890,  15,101. 

Placer,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Montana,  on  the 
Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  about  25  miles  N.E.  of  Uoulder 
Valley,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Placer  (or  Placiere)  Mountain,  New  Mexico,  is 
near  Oallisteo,  about  25  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Santa  Fu.  Coal, 
gold,  and  iron  are  found  in  it.  It  is  reported  rich  in  gold, 
and  the  outcroppings  of  coal  are  of  great  interest. 

Pla'cerville,  a  post-town,  capital  of  El  Dorado  co.. 
Gal.,  is  situated  in  a  hilly  country,  about  50  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Sacramento,  and  1  mile  S.  of  the  South  Fork  of  the 
American  River.  It  is  10  miles  from  tho  Placerville  A 
Sacramento  Valley  Railroad.  It  contains  4  churches,  2 
newspaper  ofiices,  an  academy,  2  banking-houses,  a  flour- 
ufill,  a  foundry,  and  a  machine-shop  Gold  is  found  here. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1690. 

Placerville,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Ouray 
CO.,  Col.,  on  the  San  Miguel  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Leopard 
Creek,  about  200  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Alamosa.  Gold  and 
silver  are  found  here. 

Placerville,  a  post-village  of  Bois6  co.,  Idaho,  in  the 
jBoi36  Basin,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Idaho  City.  It  is  on  a  small 
aflduent  of  the  Boise  River.     Gold  is  found  here.  Pop.  426. 

Pla'ces,  a  station  of  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad,  4 
miles  N.W.  of  Rochester,  N.ll. 

Placiere  Mountain.    See  Placeu  Mountain. 

Placita,  pli-see'ti,  a  village  of  Lincoln  co.,  New  Mex- 
ico, 9  miles  from  Fort  Stanton. 

Plad'da,  or  Plada,  a  low,  rooky  island  of  Scotland, 
in  tho  Firth  of  Clyde,  S.  of  the  island  of  Arran. 

Plain,  a  township  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1490. 

Plain,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  0.  Pop.  1293.  It 
contains  New  Albany. 

Plain,  a  township  of  Stark  co.,  0.  Pop.  2226.  It  con- 
tains New  Berlin. 

Plain,  a  post-township  of  Wayne  co.,  0.  Pop.  1837. 
It  contains  Jefferson  (Plain  Post-Officc)  and  Reedsburg. 

Plain,  a  township  of  Wood  co.,  0.  Pop.  1719.  It  con- 
tains a  part  of  Bowling  Green. 

Plain,  a  post-office  of  Sauk  co..  Wis. 

Plain  City,  a  post- village  of  Madison  co.,  0.,  in  Darby 
township,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis  Rail- 
road, 18  miles  W.N.W.  of  Columbus  (Pleasant  Valley  Sta- 
tion). It  has  2  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  4  churches,  a 
graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  a  planing-mill,  <fec.     Pop.  908. 

Plain  City,  a  post-village  of  Weber  co.,  Utah,  is  1 
mile  N.  of  Weber  River,  and  about  12  miles  N.W.  of  Ogden 
City.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  500. 

Plaine,  plfin,  a  river  of  France,  in  Vosges,  joins  the 
i^eurthe.     Length,  15  miles. 

Plaine,  a  village  of  France,  in  Vosges,  13  miles  N.E. 
•rf  Saint-Di6.     Pop.  of  commune,  1660. 


Plaino-IIaute,  plAn  hot,  a  village  of  France,  (a 
C6te8-du-Nord,  near  Saint- Brieuc.     Pop.  1768. 

Plainfaing,  pl&N«'f&N<>',  a  village  of  Franco,  in  Vosget, 
on  the  Meurthe,  near  Saint-Di6.     Pop.  590. 

Plain'licld,  a  pust-humlet  of  Yolo  co.,  Cal.,  7)  ni\H 
S.W.  of  Woodland  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Plainficld,  u  post-village  of  Windham  co.,  Conn.,  in 
Plainfield  township,  on  the  Hartford,  Providence  A  Fish- 
kill  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Norwich  <lc  Worcester 
Railroad,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Norwich,  and  23  miles  E.  by 
S.  of  Willimantic.  It  contains  an  aoivdomy  and  several 
churches.  Plainfield  Junction  is  1  mile  from  this  village. 
The  township  has  some  manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  and 
contains  other  villages,  named  Moosup  and  Wauregan 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1880,  4020;  in  1890,  45S2. 

Plainficld,  a  post-village  in  Plainfield  to\vn.stiip,  Will 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Du  Page  River,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Ju\[> 
and  36  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago.     It  has  5  churches  u!i 
money-order  post-office.     Pop.  723  ;  of  the  township,  17^  . 

Plainfield,  a  post-village  in  Guilford  township,  Ucn- 
drioks  co.,  Ind.,  on  White  Lick  Creek,  and  on  the  St.  Louis), 
Vandalia  A  Torre  Haute  Railroad,  14  milos  W.  by  S.  of 
Indianapolis.  It  contains  a  reform  school,  or  house  uf 
refuge,  founded  by  the  state,  a  graded  school,  1  or  2  news- 
paper offices,  and  4  churches.     Pop.  795. 

Plainfield,  a  post-village  in  Polk  township,  Bremer 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  Cedar  River,  and  on  the  Cedar  Falls  A  Min- 
nesota Railroail,  19  miles  S.S.E.  of  Charles  City,  and  28 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Waterloo.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
graded  school.     Pop.  about  300. 

Plainfield,  a  post-humlet  in  Plainfield  township, 
Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  about  22  miles  N.W.  of  Northnin|i- 
ton.  It  has  a  church  and  a  woollen-mill.  The  township 
presents  beautiful  scenery.     Pop.  of  the  township,  481. 

Plainficld,  a  township  of  Iosco  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  122. 

Plainficld,  a  township  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  1499. 
It  contains  Belmont.     See  Austerlitz. 

Plainfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Unadilla  township,  S.W.  of  Howell.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
grist-mill,  and  manufactures  of  barrels,  sash,  <to. 

Plainfield,  a  post-office  of  York  co..  Neb. 

Plainfield,  a  post-hamlet  in  Plainfield  township,  Sul- 
livan CO.,  N.II.,  6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Windsor,  Vt.,  and  about 
60  miles  W.N.W.  of  Concord.  It  has  2  churches.  The 
township  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Connecticut  River. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1589. 

Plainfield,  a  thriving  city  of  Union  co.,  N.J.,  noted 
as  a  place  of  suburban  residence  for  persons  who  do  busi- 
ness in  New  York  City,  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the 
Central  Railroad,  24  miles  W.S.W.  of  New  York,  1 1  miles 
N.  of  New  Brunswick,  and  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Elizabeth. 
It  contains  14  churches,  a  large  and  handsome  public  school 
building,  a  seminary  for  young  ladies,  a  fine  hotel,  2 
national  banks,  and  manufactures  of  clothing,  hats,  and 
machinery.  Three  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers  are 
published  here.  Pop,  in  1880,  8125;  in  1890,  11,267;  in- 
cluding the  suburb  of  North  Plainfield,  which  is  separated 
from  the  city  by  Green  Brook,  about  20,000. 

Plainfield,  a  township  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  1182. 
It  contains  Unadilla  Forks,  Plainfield  Centre,  and  part  of 
Leonardsville  (the  greater  part  being  in  Madison  co.). 

Plainfield,  a  post-village  in  Linton  township,  Coshoc- 
ton CO.,  0.,  on  Wills  Creek,  4  miles  S.  of  West  Lafayette 
Station,  and  about  24  miles  N.N.E.  of  Zanesville.  It  hai 
a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Plainfield,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co.,  Pa.,  on 
Concdogwinit  Creek,  and  near  the  Cumberland  Valley  Rail- 
road, 5  miles  W.  of  Carlisle.     It  has  2  churches. 

Plainfield,  township,  Northampton  co..  Pa.     P.  1988. 

Plainfield,  a  post-village  in  Plainfield  township,  Wash- 
ington CO.,  Vt.,  on  the  Winooski  River,  and  on  tho  Mont- 
pelier  A  Wells  River  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of  Montpelier. 
It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  butter-tubs,  4o. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  726. 

Plainfield,  a  post-village  in  Plainfield  township,  Wau- 
shara CO.,  Wis.,  50  miles  N.  of  Portage  City.  It  is  on  the 
Southern  division  of  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  910. 

Plainfield,  a  post-village  in  Pictou  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
15  miles  from  Pictou.     Pop.  100. 

Plainfield,  originally  Lat'ta'8  Mills,  a  post-village 
in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  10  miles  N.  of  Belleville.     P.  200. 

Plainfield  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Plainfield  town- 
ship, Otsego  CO.,  N.Y.,  20  miles  S.  of  Utica.    It  has  a  church. 

Plainfield  Junction,  a  station  of  the  Norwich  4 
Worcester  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  New  York  <t  ^ew 
England  Railroad,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Norwich,  Conn. 


PLA 


2175 


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Plainfield   Springs,  a  post-office    of    Washington 

CO.,  Vt. 

Plain  Grove,  a  post-village  in  Plain  Grove  township, 
Lawrence  co.,  Pa.,  about  13  miles  E.  by  N.  of  New  Castle. 
It  has  3  churches  and  an  acjvdemy.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship. 775. 

Plainpalais,  pUN»'piMi',  a  southern  suburb  of  Ge- 
neva, Switzerland.     Pop.  8828. 

Plains,  a  post-village  in  Plains  township,  Luzerne  oc, 
Pa.,  on  the  North  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  on 
the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  and  on  the  Lehigh 
Valley  Railroad,  4i  miles  N.E.  of  Wilkesbarre.  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  graded  school.  Coal  is  mined  here.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  in  1890,  6576. 

Plains,  Fauquier  co.,  Va.    See  The  Plains. 

Plains'berg,  or  Plains'burg,  a  post-village  of  Mer- 
ced CO.,  Cal.,  2  miles  from  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad  ( Vi- 
Balia  division),  and  77  miles  S.S.E.  of  Stockton.  It  has  a 
church  and  3  general  stores. 

Plains'borough,  a  post-hamlet  of  Middlesex  co.,  N.J., 
on  a  branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  14  miles  N.E, 
of  Trenton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Plains  of  A'braham,  a  table-land  immediately  S.W. 
of  the  city  of  Quebec.  Here  Generals  Wolfe  and  Montcalm, 
the  respective  commanders  of  the  British  and  French  forces, 
were  killed  in  the  action  of  the  18th  of  September,  175!). 

Plains  of  Du'ra,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sumter  co.,  Ga., 
Jl  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Americus.     It  has  2  churches. 

Plain  Store,  a  hamlet  of  East  Baton  Rouge  parish. 
La.,  19  miles  from  Baton  Rouge.  It  has  a  church  and  3 
■tores. 

Flainsville,  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.    See  Gypsum. 

Flains'ville,  a  post-village  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad, 
|»bout  5  miles  N.E.  of  Wilkesbarre. 

f  PlainView',  a  post-village  of  Macoupin  co.,  111.,  on  the 
jOhicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  23  miles  N.N.E.  of  Alton.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  fine  school-house,  and  manufactures  of 
flour  and  farm-machinery. 

Plainview,  a  township  of  Saline  co..  111.     Pop.  450. 
'    Plainview,  a  post-ofiice  of  Scott  co.,  Iowa. 
'    Plainview,  a  post-village  of  Wabasha  co.,  Minn.,  on  a 
[branch  of  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  16  miles 
,N.  of  Eyota.     It  contains  a  graded  school,  3  churches,  a 
money-order  post-office,  a  bank,  and  a  school-house  which 
'jost  $15,000.     Pop.  696;  of  the  township,  701  additional. 
lEhe  township  has  a  soil  adapted  for  wheat. 
I    Plainview,  a  post-office  of  Pierce  co..  Neb. 
r    Plainview,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co..  Pa. 

Plain  View,  a  post-hamlet  of  King  and  Queen  co.,Va., 
8  miles  S.E.  of  West  Point.  It  has  a  church. 
'  Plain'ville,  a  post-village  of  Hartford  co..  Conn.,  in  a 
tf>wnship  of  the  same  name,  on  a  small  affluent  of  Farm- 
ington  River,  and  on  the  Hartford,  Providence  &  Fishkill 
Llailroad  where  it  crosses  the  New  Haven  &  Northampton 
'Railroad,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Hartford.  It  contains  5  or  6 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  a  brass-foundry, 
md  manufactures  of  clocks,  woollen  goods,  carriages,  ic. 
Pop.  about  1200;  of  the  township,  in  1890,  1993. 

Plainville,  a  post-office  of  Gordon  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Selma,  Rome  &  Dalton  Railroad,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Rome. 

Plainville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Daviess  eo.,  Ind.,  24 
niles  E.N.E.  of  Vincennes.     It  has  a  church. 

Plainville,  a  post-office  of  Rooks  co.,  Kansas. 

Plainville,  a  post-village  in  AVrentham  township, 
[Norfolk  CO.,  Mass.,  about  32  miles  S.S.W.  of  Boston.  It 
las  manufactures  of  jewelry. 

Plainville,  a  post-village  in  Montgomery  township, 
jiomerset  co.,  N.J.,  1  mile  from  Van  Aken  Railroad  Sta- 
ion,  and  about  18  miles  N.  of  Trenton. 
j  Plainville,  a  post-village  in  Lysander  township,  On- 
jUdaga  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Seneca  River,  about  18  miles 
I  V^.N.W.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory. 
!'op.  161. 

Plainville,  a  post-village  in  Columbia  township,  Ham- 
ion  CO.,  0.,  on  Little  Miami  River,  and  on  the  Little 
"  mi  Railroad,  9i  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has 
Plainville  Academy,  a  planing-raill,  <fco. 
lainville,  a  village  in  Burrillville  township,  Provi- 
ce  CO.,  R.I.,  i  mile  from  Oakland  Station.  It  has  a 
illen-mill.     Pop.  143. 

lainville,  a  village  of  Washington  oc,  R.I.,  in  Rich- 
id  township.     Pop.  135. 

lainville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
loonsin  River,  6  miles  above  Kilbourn,  and  23  miles 
'I.W.  of  Portage  City. 
iain'well,  a  post-village  in  Gunpkin  township,  Al- 


legan CO.,  Midi.,  on  the  Kalamazoo  River,  at  the  mouth  of 
Gun  River,  on  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad,  and 
on  the  Kalamazoo  division  of  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan 
Southern  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Kalamazoo,  and  13  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Allegan.  It  has  a  bank,  4  churches,  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  union  school,  2  flouring-mills,  a  paper-mill,  a  saw- 
mill, a  sash-  and  blind-factory,  2  foundries,  2  planing-mills, 
and  manufactures  of  fanning-mills,  <tc     Pop.  (1890)  1414. 

Plaisance,  pli^zfisss',  a  village  of  France,  in  Aveyron, 
arrondissement  of  Saint-Affrique.     Pop.  1665. 

Plaisance,  a  town  of  France,  in  Gers,  26  miles  W.  of 
Auch.     Pop.  1942. 

Plaister  Cove,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Port  Hastings. 

Plaistow,  plas'to  or  plAs'tow,  an  eastern  suburb  of 
London,  England,  5  miles  E.N.E.  of  St.  Paul's,  and  form- 
ing a  part  of  West  Ham.     Pop.  (1891)  57.848. 

Plaistow,  plas'to,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co., 
N.H.,  in  Plaistow  township,  on  the  Boston  <fc  Maine  Rail- 
road, 38  miles  N.  of  Boston,  and  5  miles  N.  of  Haverhill, 
Mass.     It  has  brick-yards.     Pop.  of  the  township,  879. 

Plan,  pldn,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  31  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Pilsen.  Pop.  3191,  mostly  employed  in  woollen-cloth-weav- 
ing and  in  alum-  and  vitriol-works. 

Planasia,  the  ancient  name  of  Pianosa. 

Planclier  Bas,  pl6No^shi'  bi,  a  village  of  France,  in 
Haute-Saone,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lure.     Pop.  1089. 

Plancher  les  Mines,  pl6N>»'shd.'  lA,  meen,  a  village 
of  France,  in  Haute-SaSne,  near  Lure.     Pop.  1870. 

Plancoet,  pldN»'ko'i',  a  town  of  France,  in  C8tes-du- 
Nord,  on  the  Arguenon,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Dinan.  Pop.  1910. 

Plancy,  pldNo^see',  a  town  of  France,  in  Aube,  8  miles 
W.  of  Arcis.     Pop.  1258. 

Plane  Number  Four,  a  post-office  and  station  of 
Frederick  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  46 
miles  W.  of  Baltimore. 

Planes,  pli'nfis,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Valencia,  provinco 
and  about  50  miles  from  Alicante.     Pop.  1127. 

Planier,  pli'ne-i',  a  small  island  of  France,  in  the 
Gulf  of  Lyons,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Marseilles. 

Planina,  pli-nee'nS.,  or  Alben,  Al'b^n,  a  town  of 
Austria,  19  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Laybach.     Pop.  1250. 

Flanitz,  pia.'nits,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  8  miles  E.  of 
Klattau.     Pop.  1856. 

Plank  Road,  Cook  co.,  111.     See  Jefferson. 

Plank  lload,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich., 
about  16  miles  W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  a  church  and  a  store. 

Plank  Koad,  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.    See  Centuevillk. 

Plank  Road,  a  post-office  of  York  co..  Pa.,  and  a  sta- 
tion on  the  Peach  Bottom  Railroad,  3  miles  S.E.  of  York. 

Plank  Road  House,  a  hamlet  of  Great  Valley  town- 
ship, Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  5  miles  N.N.E.  of  Great  Valley 
Station.     Here  is  Great  Valley  Post-Office. 

Plankstadt,  plink'stitt,  a  village  of  Baden,  near 
Schwetzingen.     Pop.  2084. 

Pla'no,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ala. 

Piano,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tulare  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Tula 
River,  near  the  base  of  the  Sierra  Nevada.  It  has  a  church. 

Piano,  a  post-village  in  Little  Rock  township,  Kendall 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  <fc  Quincy  Railroad, 
near  the  Fox  River,  14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Aurora,  and  5  miles 
N.W.  of  Yorkville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
a  money-order  post-office,  a  high  school,  a  tannery,  and  a 
manufactory  of  reapers  and  mowers.     Pop.  (1890)  1825. 

Piano,  a  post-village  of  Collin  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Hous- 
ton <fc  Texas  Central  Railroad,  18  miles  N.  of  Dallas.  It 
has  4  churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  &e. 

Plantagenet,  plan-taj'e-net  (originally  Hattville), 
a  post-village  in  Prescott  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  South  Nation 
River,  40  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Ottawa.  It  has  4  stores,  2 
hotels,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  carding-mill.  The  Carratraca 
mineral  springs  are  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  180. 

Planta'tion  Num  ber  Fourteen',  a  post-office  and 
plantation  of  Washington  co.,  Me.     Pop.  135. 

Plan'tersburg,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Charles  eo.,  Mo.,  4 
miles  from  O'Fallon  Station.     It  has  3  churches. 

Planter's  Hall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Breckenridge  co., 
Ky.,  8  miles  S.  of  Hardinsburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Plan'tersville,  a  post-village  of  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Selma,  Rome  &  Dalton  Railroad,  22  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Selma. 

Plantersville,  a  hamlet  of  Morehouse  parish.  La.,  38 
miles  N.E.  of  Monroe.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Plantersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Georgetown  co.,  S.C, 
40  miles  E.  of  Kingstree.     It  has  a  church  and  18  houses. 

Plantersville,  a  post-village  of  Grimes  co.,  Tex.,  18 
miles  E.  of  Navasota,  and  about  50  miles  N.N.W.  of  Hous- 
ton.    It  has  3  churches. 


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Flantersvillef  »  post-offico  of  Lunenburg  oo.,  Va. 

PInntSf  a  ]»oiit-ofnoo  of  White  oo.,  Ark.,  on  the  St.  Louis, 
Iron  Mountiiin  A  Suuttiern  Railroad,  at  Kussell  Station,  62 
miles  N.K.  of  Little  Uock. 

Plants.  Meigs  oo.,  0.    Soo  Padrn's  Landing. 

Plautt'ville^  a  post-village  in  Southington  township, 
Hartford  co.,  Conn.,  on  the  Quinopiac  River,  and  on  the  New 
Iluven  A  Northampton  Railroad,  21  miles  N.  of  New  Haven, 
and  7  miles  E.  of  Watorbury.  It  contains  a  graded  school 
and  3  churches,  and  has  manufactures  of  tinsmiths'  ma- 
obinoryand  tools,  carriage  hardware,  and  general  hardware. 

Plantsvillc,  a  pust-hamlct  of  Morgan  oo.,  0.,  about  24 
miles  W.  of  Marietta.     It  has  a  church. 

Plaquemines  plak^meen',  a  po»t-village,  capital  of 
Iberville  parish,  La.,  on  the  W,  bank  of  the  Mississippi 
River,  2U  miles  below  Baton  Ruuge,  and  110  miles  above 
New  Orleans.  It  has  2  or  3  newspaper  ofiBoes.  Cotton  and 
sugar  are  shipped  hero  in  steamboats.     Pop.  (1S90)  3222. 

PJaqueminc  llrul^,  brooMi',  a  small  river  of  Louisi- 
ana, run»  southwestward  in  St.  Laudry  parish,  and  enters 
the  Mormcnteau  River. 

Plaquemine  llrul6e,  a  post-hamlet  of  Acadia  parish, 
La.,  about  2U  miles  S.W.  of  Opelousas,  and  about  the  same 
distance  N.W.  of  Lafayette. 

Plaqaemines,  pl&k^meen',  a  parish  in  the  extreme 
southeastern  part  of  Louisiana,  borders  on  the  Gulf  of 
Jtlexico.  Area,  930  square  miles.  It  is  intersecter'  by  the 
Mississippi  River,  and  comprises  part  of  the  delta  of  that 
river,  which  enters  the  sea  by  several  channels  called  Passes. 
The  surface  is  flat  and  scarcely  higher  than  the  river.  The 
Boil  is  alluvial  and  fertile.  Rice  and  sugar-cane  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  New  Or- 
leans, Fort  Jackson  &  Grand  Isle  Railroad  and  the  New 
Orleans  <t  Southern  Railroad,  the  latter  of  which  connects 
with  Point  ^  la  Hache,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,552; 
in  1880,  11,575;  in  1890,  12,541. 

Plasencia,  pl&-sdn'the-&,  or  Placcncia,  pl&-th8n'- 
the-i  (anc.  Deob'riga,  or  Avibra'cia  f),  a  city  of  Spain, 
]irovince  of  Caceres,  on  the  Gerto,  44  miles  N.W.  of  Al- 
marax.  Pop.  6844.  It  is  enclosed  by  old  walls,  and  has  a 
fine  Gothic  cathedral,  with  rich  works  of  art,  many  other 
churches,  convents,  an  episcopal  palace,  manufactures  of 
hats,  leather,  woollen,  linen,  and  hempen  stuffs,  and  an 
aqueduct  on  80  arches,  by  which  it  is  supplied  with  water. 

Plasencia,  or  Placencia,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Gui- 
puzcoa,  on  the  Deva,  23  miles  W.  of  St.  Sebastian.    P.  2178. 

Plask,  a  town  of  Poland.     See  Ploksk. 

Plaski,  plish'kee,  or  Plasch'ki,  a  village  of  Aus- 
trian Croatia,  30  miles  S.S.W.  of  Karlstadt.  Pop.  4510.  It 
is  the  see  of  a  Greek  bishop. 

Plassey,  plls'see,  a  former  village  of  Bengal,  district 
of  Nuddea,  83  miles  N.  of  Calcutta,  and  memorable  for  the 
great  victory  obtained  there,  June  23,  1757,  by  Clive  over 
the  army  of  the  Bengal  viceroy.  The  village  and  battle- 
field have  been  swept  away  by  the  river  Hoogly. 

Plas'terville,  a  station  in  Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Midland  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Norwich. 

Plat)  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Platten. 

Plata,  pl&'t&,  an  island  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  off  the 
coast  of  Ecuador,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Cape  San  Lorenzo. 

Plata,  La,  Colombia,  South  America.     See  La  Plata. 

Plata,  La,  Republic  of.    See  Argentine  Republic. 

Plataea,  pl4-teo'a  (Gr,  nXaraia,  I'lataia),  a  ruined  city 
of  Greece,  in  Boeotia,  on  the  W.  slope  of  Mount  Cithmron, 
7  miles  S.W.  of  Thebes.  Near  it,  B.C.  479,  the  Greeks, 
under  Pausanias,  defeated  the  Persians  under  Mardonius. 

Platamona,  pli-ti-mo'ni  (anc.  Ihracle'at),  a  mari- 
time town  of  European  Turkey,  in  Thessaly,  on  the  W. 
coast  of  the  Gulf  of  Salonica,  6  miles  N.  of  the  mouth  of 
♦.he  Salympria.     Pop.  1500. 

Platana,  pl&'ti-ni,  a  maritime  town  of  Asia  Minor, 
7  miles  W.  of  Trebizond.  It  has  a  fine  old  Byzantine 
church,  and  about  160  houses,  mostly  enclosed  by  gardens. 

Platani,  pli-ti'noe  (anc.  Camicua),  a  river  of  Sicily, 
flows  S.W.,  and  enters  the  Mediterranean  18  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Girgenti.     Length,  60  miles. 

Platanos,  pl&-td.'noce,  a  town  on  the  S.  coast  of  the 
island  of  Sainos.     Pop.  936. 

Plata,  Rio  de  la.    See  Rio  de  la  Plata. 

Plate,  or  Plathe,  pl3,'t?h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pome- 
rania,  37  miles  N.E.  of  Stettin,  on  the  Riga.  Pop.  2137. 
It  has  2  castles,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth. 

Platca,  Erie  co..  Pa.    See  Lockpoiit. 

Plateau,  p1a-to',  a  station  in  Mobile  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Alabama  Grand  Trunk  R.^ilroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Mobile. 

Plate  Cove,  a  fishing-settlement  in  the  district  of 
Bonarista,  Newfoundland,  17  miles  from  King's  Core. 


Plnth'er^fl   Creek,  a  township  of  Alleghany  oo 
N.C.     Pop.  637.  ■' 

Pla'to,  a  post-office  of  Iroauois  co..  111.,  on  the  Iroqaoii 
River,  about  8  miles  N.W.  of  Watseka. 

Plato,  a  township  of  Kane  co.,  111.     Pop.  1004. 

Plato,  a  post-office  of  Pulaski  oo.,  Ky. 

Plato,  a  post-hamlet  of  MoLeod  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
South  Fork  of  Crow  River,  and  on  the  Hastings  A  Dakota 
Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Glencoe. 

Plato,  a  i>ost-hamlet  of  Texas  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Robi 
deaux  Creek,  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lebanon. 

Plato,  a  hamlet  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  7  miles  from 
Ellicuttville.     It  ha«  about  12  houses. 

Plato,  pli'to,  a  village  of  the  republic  of  Colombia 
stale  of  Magdalena,  12  milts  S.S.K.  of  Tenerife. 

Piatt  Cove,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y. 

Platte,  plat,  or  Little  Platte,  a  river  which  rises  in 
the  S.  part  of  Iowa  and  runs  southward  into  Missouri.  It 
intersects  Nodaway,  Andrew,  Buchanan,  and  Pliitto  cos.,  and 
enters  the  Missouri  River  about  15  miles  above  Kansas 
City.     Length,  about  300  miles. 

Platte,  a  river  of  Michigan,  rises  in  the  N.W.  part 
of  the  southern  peninsula,  and  flows  into  Lake  Michigan 
in  lat.  5°  N. 

Platte,  a  small  river  of  Grant  co..  Wis.,  runs  S.,  and 
enters  the  Mississippi  7  miles  above  Dubuque. 

Platte,  a  county  in  the  W.N.W.  part  of  Missouri,  bor- 
ders on  Kansas.  Area,  about  410  square  miles.  It  ii 
bounded  on  the  S.  and  S.W.  by  the  Missouri  River,  and  is 
intersected  by  the  Platte  River,  and  also  drained  by  Smitb'a 
Fork  of  the  Platte.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  a  largo 
part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  white  oak,  hickory, 
ash,  elm,  black  walnut,  wild  cherry,  <fec.  The  soil  is  very 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Kansaa 
City,  St.  Joseph  &  Council  Bluffs  Railroad  and  the  South- 
western Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  <i:  Pacific  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Platte  City.  Pop.  in  1870,  17,352;  in  1880, 
17,366;  in  1890,  16,248. 

Platte,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Nebraska,  has  an 
area  of  about  682  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by 
the  Platte  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Loup  Fork  of 
that  river  and  by  Shell  Creek.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats, 
and  hay  are  the  staple  products.  Timber  is  scarce  in  this 
county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad, 
the  Burlington  k  Missouri  River  Railroad,  and  the  Fre- 
mont, Elkhorn  <fc  Missouri  Valley  Railroad,  the  first  two  of 
which  connect  with  Columbus,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  187(1, 
1899;  in  1880,  9511;  in  1890,  15,437. 

Platte,  a  township  of  Taylor  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  665. 

Platte,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  735. 

Platte,  a  post-hamlct  in  Platte  township,  Benzie  eo., 
Mich.,  on  Platte  Bay  of  Lake  Michigan,  16  miles  W.  of 
Traverse  City.     Pop.  of  township,  141. 

Platte,  a  township  of  Andrew  co..  Mo.     Pop.  3416. 

Platte,  a  township  of  Buchanan  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1159. 

Platte,  a  township  of  Clay  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  3085. 

Platte,  a  township  of  Clinton  co..  Mo.  Pop.  1631.  It 
contains  Perrin. 

Platte  Caflon,  k&n'yon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Douglas 
CO.,  Col.,  on  the  South  Platte  River,  and  on  the  Denver, 
South  Park  &  Pacific  Railroad,  21  miles  S.S.W.  of  Denver. 

Platte  City,  a  post-villago,  capital  of  Platte  co..  Mo., 
in  Carroll  township,  on  the  Platte  River,  and  on  the  Chicago, 
Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Railroad,  11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Leaven- 
worth. It  contains  2  banks,  4  churches,  3  newspaper  oflBceJ, 
an  elevator,  flour-mills,  several  stores,  and  other  businew 
concerns.     Pop.  about  800. 

Plattekill,  plat'kil,  a  post-village  in  Plattekill  town- 
ship, Ulster  CO.,  N.Y.,  about  10  miles  N.W.  of  Newburg. 
It  has  a  church.  Pop.  about  800.  The  township  contains 
also  villages  named  Clintondale  and  Modena.     Pop.  2038. 

Platte  Mountain,  Colorado,  a  granitic  peak  of  the 
Front  Range,  in  lat.  39°  15'  N.,  Ion.  105°  6'  W.  It  has  an 
altitude  of  9343  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Platten,  pl4t't?n.  Plat,  or  Blatna,  blifnU,  a  town 
of  Bohemia,  14  miles  N.  of  Elbogen,  in  the  Erz-Gebirge. 
It  has  iron-mines  in  operation.     Pop.  2213. 

Platten-See,  Hungary.    See  Balatony  Lakk. 

Platte  River,  Minnesota,  runs  S.W.  through  Morrison 
CO.,  and  enters  the  Mississippi  at  Langola,  in  Benton  co. 

Platte  (or  Nebraska)  River,  a  long  affluent  of  the 
Missouri,  is  formed  by  the  North  and  South  Forks,  which 
rise  among  the  Rocky  Mountains  in  Colorado  and  unite  in 
Lincoln  co..  Neb.,  at  North  Platte  Village.  Its  general 
direction  is  eastward,  and  it  traverses  the  vast  undulating 
prairies  or  plains  of  Nebraska,  which  are  almost  destitute 


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of  forests.     Below  Columbus  it  forms  the  boundary  between 

[  the  cos.  of  Butler,  Saunders,  and  Cass  on  the  right  hand, 

j  and  Colfax,  Dodge,  Douglas,  and  Sarpy  on  the  other  side. 

I  It  enters  the  Missouri  about  1  mile  above  Plattsmouth,  lat. 

•  41°  3'  N.     Its  length  is  estimated  at  450  miles,  or,  in- 

\  eluding  the  North  Fork,  1230  miles.     (See  North  Foiik 

I  OP  THE  Platte.)     According  to  Ilayden,  the  area  drained 

j  by  this  river  and  its  forks  is  nearly  300,000  square  miles. 

The   Platte   is  a  wide,  shallow  stream,    enclosing   many 

i  islands,  and  has  a  small  volume  of  water  compared  vTith 

I  its  length.     The  water  is  so  shallow  and  the  channel  so 

I  shifting  that  it  is  not  navigable  even  for  small  vessels.    Its 

I  valley  is  broad  and  fertile.    The  trains  of  the  Union  Pacific 

Railroad  run  along  the  left  or  N.  bank  of  the  Platte  from 

Fremont  to  the  junction  of  the  forks,  230  miles. 

Platte  River,  a  post-hamlct  of  Buchanan  co.,  Mo.,  on 
Platte  River,  6  miles  N.  of  Edgerton.  It  has  a  flour-mill 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Platte  Station,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Park 
ICO.,  Col.,  is  at  the  base  of  the  main  range  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains.     It  is  a  transfer-station  for   freight  moving 
ifrora  Denver  to  Leadville.     Gold  is  found  here. 
Platte  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Weld  co.,  Col. 
Platteville,  plat'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Weld  co.,  Col., 
)on  the  South  Platte  llivcr,  and  on  the  Denver  Pacific  Rail- 
iroad,  'Hi  miles  N.  of  Denver.     It  has  2  churches. 
I    Platteville,  a  township  of  Mills  CO.,  Iowa.     Pop.  739. 
l    Platteville,  a  post-village  in  Jefferson  township,  Tay- 
llor  CO.,  Iowa,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bedford.     It  has  a  church. 
Platteville,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Saunders  co., 
Nob.,  on  the  Platte  River,  3  miles  S.  of  Fremont. 

Platteville,  a  post-village  in  Platteville  township, 
5rant  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Little  Platte  River,  about  18  miles 
!I.N.E.  of  Dubuque,  Iowa,  and  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Mineral 
[Point.  It  is  connected  with  the  latter  place  by  a  branch  of 
he  Mineral  Point  Railroad,  and  is  also  on  the  Galena  <fc 
iouthorn  Wisconsin  Railroad.  It  contains  8  or  9  churches, 
.  state  normal  school,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  sev- 
ral  furnaces  for  lead,  which  is  mined  here.  It  is  the  largest 
■illage  in  the  county.     Pop.  in  1890,  2740. 

Platt'fortl,  a  post-office  of  Sarpy  co.,  Neb.,  about  22 
ailesS.W.  of  Omaha. 

Plat'tin,  post-township,  Jefferson  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  1217. 
i  Plattling,  plitt'ling,  a  town  of  Lower  Bavaria,  on  the 
sar,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Straubing.  Pop.  2166. 
I  Platts'burg,  a  post-office  of  Winston  co.,  Miss. 
I  Plattsburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clinton  co..  Mo., 
1  Concord  township,  on  Smith's  Fork  of  Platte  River,  and 
n  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad  where  it 
j'osses  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  A  Northern  Railroad,  29 
hiles  E.S.E.  of  St.  Joseph,  and  36  miles  N.E.  of  Leaven- 
worth, Kansas.  It  contains  a  court-house,  2  newspaper 
I  Bees,  an  academy,  the  Clinton  County  Institute,  2  banks, 
churches,  and  a  carri.age-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  1634. 

!■  Plattsburg,  a  hamlet  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  3  miles 
om  Wrightstown  Station. 
Plattsburg,  a  post-town  and  port  of  entry,  capital  of 
inton  CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Plattsburg  township,  at  the  mouth 
the  Saranac  River,  which  here  enters  Cumberland  Bay, 
jpart  of  Lake  Champlain,  and  on  the  New  York  &  Canada 
(lilroad.  It  is  about  155  miles  N.  of  Albany,  20  miles 
f.W.  of  Burlington,  Vt.,  and  63  miles  S.  of  Montreal.  It 
j.8  a  safe  and  commodious  harbor  and  e.'ctensive  water- 
[wer,  and  contains  a  handsome  custom-house,  a  court- 
fuse,  a  town  hall,  2  hotels,  7  churches,  the  Plattsburg 
fiademy,  2  national  banks,  1  other  bank,  several  saw-mills, 
(uring-mills,  machine-shops,  and  iron-works.  Lumber, 
Im,  and  grain  are  the  chief  articles  of  export.  Three 
Jiekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Steamboats  ply 
ily  between  this  port  and  other  places  on  the  lake.  On 
3  11th  of  September,  1814,  Commodore  McDonough 
led  a  complete  victory  over  the  British  fleet  in  Cumber- 
'  Bay,  near  Plattsburg.  About  the  same  time  the  Amer- 
Qeneral  Macomb  repulsed  a  superior  land  force  which, 
3er  General  Prevost,  had  attacked  the  place.  Pop.  in 
'0,  7010;  of  the  township.  9500. 

Plattsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clark  co.,  0.,  on  the 
umbus,  Springfield  <fc  Cincinnati  Short-Line  Railroad, 
miles  E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  87. 
Platts'mouth,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cass  co..  Neb., 
the  Missouri  River,  IJ  miles  below  the  mouth  of  the 
tte,  and  22  miles  by  land  S.  of  Omaha.  By  railroad  it 
|5  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lincoln.  It  is  on  the  Burlington  & 
5Souri  River  Railroad,  which  hero  crosses  the  Missouri 
er.  It  has  6  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  national 
ik,  a  fine  high-school  building,  and  manufactures  of 
lines,  reed-organs,  flour,  and  wagons.    Pop.  (1890)  8392. 


Piatt  Springs,  township,  Lexington  co.,  S.C.   P.  679. 

Platts'town,  a  hamlet  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Brunswick  township,  8  miles  from  Troy. 

Platts'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfield  co..  Conn.,  5 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Bridgeport.  It  has  2  stores,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Plattsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  0.,  6  miles 
S.E.  of  Sidney,  and  about  11  miles  N.E.  of  Piqua.  It  haa 
2  churches.     Pop.  94. 

Plattsville,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  river  Nith,  5  miles  from  Bright.  It  has  2  woollen- 
factories,  a  flax-mill,  a  flouring-mill,  an  iron-foundry,  and 
several  stores  and  hotels.     Pop.  900. 

Platt'ville,  a  post-village  in  Lisbon  township,  Ken- 
dall CO.,  111.,  about  18  miles  W.  of  Joliet. 

Plattville,  a  hamlet  of  Cambria  co.,  Pa.,  16  miles  N. 
of  Ebensburg.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Platz,  plits,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  22  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Budweis.     Pop.  1617. 

Play,  pl5w,  or  Plaue,  plow'^h,  a  lake  of  Germany, 
in  Mecklenburg-Schwerin,  9  miles  long  from  N.  to  S.,  by  3 
miles  broad.  It  receives  the  waters  of  Lake  Elsen  on  the 
E.,  and  discharges  itself  on  the  W.  into  the  Elbe. 

Plau,  a  lake  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg,  an  expansion  . 
of  the  Havel,  and  a  feeder  of  the  Canal  of  Plaue. 

Plau,  a  town  of  Mecklenburg-Schwerin,  on  Lake  Plau, 
37  miles  E.S.E.  of  Schwerin.     Pop.  4026. 

Plauen,  pl6w'§n,  a  town  of  Saxony,  circle  of  Zwickau, 
on  the  White  Elster,  and  on  the  Saxon-Bavarian  Railway, 
61  miles  S.W.  of  Leipsic.  Pop.  42,858.  It  is  enclosed  by 
walls,  and  has  several  churches  and  hospitals,  a  royal  cas- 
tle, a  gymnasium,  and  important  manufactures  of  linen  and 
cotton  goods,  paper,  machinery,  woollen  fabrics,  &a. 

Plauzat,  plo^zi',  a  village  of  France,  in  Puy-de-D8me, 
11  miles  S.  of  Clermont-Ferrand.     Pop.  1234. 

Plavis,  a  river  of  Italy.    See  Piave. 

Play'fair,  a  post-village  in  Lanark  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  12  miles  from  Perth.     Pop.  100. 

Plazac,  pli^zik',  a  village  of  France,  in  Dordogne,  8 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Montignac.  It  possesses  some  metallur- 
gical works.     Pop.  163S. 

Plaza  del  Alcalde,  phVsS,  dSl  il-kil'di,  a  post-vil- 
lage of  Rio  Arriba  co..  New  Mexico,  on  the  Rio  Grande, 
about  35  miles  N.  of  Santa  Fe. 

Pleasant,  plez'ant,  township,  Fulton  co..  111.   P.  1685. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Allen  co.  Ind.     Pop.  1280. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Grant  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1575. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  2170, 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  814. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Porter  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  015, 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Steuben  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  2071. 
It  contains  Angola. 

Pleasant,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pleasant  township,  Switzer- 
land CO.,  Ind.,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Madison.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  seminary  or  college.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2146. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Wabash  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  2553. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa.  P.  1093. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  549. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Hardin  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  1100. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Lucas  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  809. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Iowa.     P.  1301. 

Pleasant,  township,  Pottawattamie  co.,  Iowa.   P.  484. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Poweshiek  co.,  Iowa.   P.  695. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  541. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Wapello  co.,  Iowa.     P.  1124. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Winnebago  co.,  Iowa.    P.  521. 

Pleasant,  township,  Winneshiek  co.,  Iowa.     P.  1026. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Wright  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  446. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  300. 
Post-office,  Modena. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Coffey  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  663. 
It  contains  Strawn. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Harvey  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
408.     Post-office,  Sheldon, 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Lincoln  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
252.     Post-offices,  Sylvan  Grove  and  Vesper. 

Pleasant,  a  post-office  of  Kent  co.,  Mich. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  0.  Pop.  2605. 
It  contains  Georgetown. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Clark  co.,  0.  Pop.  1553.  It 
contains  Catawba. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.  Pop.  2327. 
It  contains  Pleasantville. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  0.  Pop.  1833. 
It  contains  Georgesville  and  Harrisburg. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Hancock  co.,  0.    Pop.  136S 
It  contains  MoComb. 


PLE 


2178 


'PI^ 


rioaaant,  a  township  of  Hardin  oo.,  0.    Pop.  4002. 
Jt  coDtnins  Kouton. 
I'Icasnntt  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  0.    Pop.  SCO. 

PIcaanut*  a  township  of  Knox  oo.,  0.    Pop.  851. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Logan  oo.,  0.  Pop.  994.  It 
•ontiiins  Logansvillo. 

Pleaaant,  a  township  of  Madison  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1330. 
It  contains  Mt.  Sterling. 

Pleaaant,  a  township  of  Marion  oo.,  0.    Pop.  1078. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Perry  co.,  0.     Pop.  655. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  0.  Pop.  1953. 
It  contains  Columbus  Qrove. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Sonooa  qo.,  0.     Pop.  1352. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Van  Wort  co.,  0.  Pop.  3683. 
It  contains  most  of  Van  Wort,  the  county  seat. 

Pleasant,  a  post-hamlot  in  Hickory  town8hip,  Mercer 
CO.,  Pa.,  2  miles  from  Nesbannock  Station.  Good  block 
ooal  is  mined  here. 

Pleasant,  a  township  of  Warren  co..  Pa.     Pop.  385. 

Pleasant,  a  post-office  of  Claiborne  co.,  Tenn. 

Pleasant  Branch,  Wis.    See  Pukasant  Dkanch. 

Pleasant  Ilrook,  a  post-hamlet  in  Roseboom  town- 
ship, Otsego  CO.,  N.Y.,  about  55  miles  W.  of  Albany.  It 
bas  2  churches. 

Pleasant  Corner,  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.    See  Jordan. 

Pleasant  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  0. 

Pleasant  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Carbon  co.,  Pa., 
about  5  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Mauch  Chunk. 

Pleasant  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Barbour  oo.,  AV.  Va., 
about  10  miles  S.  of  Grafton. 

Pleasant  Cross,  a  post-office  of  Edgefield  oo.,  S.C. 

Pleasant  Dale,  a  post-office  of  Seward  co..  Neb.,  10 
miles  W.  of  Lincoln.     Kaolin  is  found  near  here. 

Pleasant  Dale,  a  post-office  of  Hampshire  co.,  W.  Va. 

Pleasant  Farm,  a  post-office  of  Miller  co.,  Mo. 

Pleasant  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  Selma,  Rome  &  Dalton  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches, 
an  iron-furnace,  a  tannery,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Pleasant  Gap,  a  post-village  in  Pleasant  Gap  town- 
ship. Bates  CO.,  Mo.,  10  miles  W.  of  Appleton  City.  It  has 
several  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1634. 

Pleasant  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Spring  township,  4  miles  S.  of  Bellefonte.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  distillerj',  and  a  cigar- factory. 

Pleasant  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va., 
3  miles  from  Fall  Creek  Depot. 

Pleasant  Garden,  a  post-office  of  Guilford  co.,  N.C. 

Pleasant  Green,  a  post-office  of  Phillips  co.,  Kansas. 

Pleasant  Green,  a  post-hamlct  of  Cooper  co..  Mo., 
and  a  station  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  17 
miles  S.W.  of  Boonville.     It  has  a  church. 

Pleasant  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pickens  co.,  Ala., 
24  miles  W.  of  Tuscaloosa.     It  h.as  a  church. 

Pleasant  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sutter  co.,  Cal., 
about  15  miles  N.  of  Sacramento.     It  has  a  church. 

Pleasant  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Forsyth  co.,  Ga. 

Pleasant  Grove,  township,  Coles  co.,  III.   Pop.  1573. 

Pleasant  Grove,  a  post-office  of  AVayne  co..  III., 
about  54  miles  S.E.  of  Vandal  ia. 

Pleasant  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Jasper  co.,  Ind., 
about  44  miles  N.  of  Lafayette. 

Pleasant  Grove,  a  post-village  in  Pleasant  Grove 
township,  Des  Moines  oo.,  Iowa,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Burling- 
ton.    It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  150 ;  of  township,  1047. 

Pleasant  Grove,  township,  Floyd  co.,  Iowa.    P.  581. 

Pleasant  Grove,  a  township  of  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  906.     It  contains  Agricola. 

Pleasant  Grove,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  1161,  exclusive  of  Pleasantville. 

Pleasant  Grove,  a  township  of  Greenwood  co.,  Kan- 
sas.    Pop.  756.     Post-offices,  Fame  and  Quiney. 

Pleasant  Grove,  a  post-village  in  Pleasant  Grove 
township,  Olmsted  co.,  Minn.,  12  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Roch- 
ester, and  about  34  miles  E.N.E.  of  Austin.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  graded  school.  The  township  is  drained 
by  the  Root  River.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1037. 

Pleasant  Grove,  a  hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Miss.,  6 
miles  W.  of  Canton. 

Pleasant  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Panola  co.,  Miss., 
10  miles  W.  of  Sardis.  It  has  2  churches  and  several  stores. 

Pleasant  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Ripley  co.,  Mo. 

Pleasant  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J., 
about  22  miles  W.  of  Morristown.  It  bas  a  church  and  a 
distillery. 

Pleasant  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alamance  co., 
rf.C,  about  55  miles  N.W.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  a  church,  a 
tobaooo-factory,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  1246. 


Pleasant  Grove,  a  township  of  Johnston  oo.Nn 
Pop.  1535.  ' 

Pleasant  Grove,  a  township  of  Randolph  oo.NC 
Pon.  1218.  ' 

Pleasant  Grove,  a  post-hnmlot  of  Belmont  co  0 
about  10  miles  N.W.  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va.    It  hiis  a  ohur«h"! 

Pleasant  (irove,  a  pout- hamlet  of  Lanoaftor  co.,  Ph. 
on  tho  Susquehanna  River,  IJ  miles  from  Arcadia  Slatiuii' 
and  about  24  miles  S.  of  Lancaster.  ' 

Pleasant  Grove,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Pa,,  6 
miles  from  Claysvillo  Railroad  Station.     It  litis  a  church'. 

Pleasant  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  eo.,  Tenn 
7  miles  S.W.  of  Shelbyville. 

Pleasant  Grove,  a  station  in  Maury  co.,  Tdhn.,  on 
the  railroad  between  Columbia  and  Pulaski,  10  miles  S.  by 
W.  of  Columbia. 

Pleasant  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Utah  co.,  Utah,  on 
the  Utah  Southern  Railroad,  37  miles  S.S.E.  of  Suit  Luke 
City,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Prove,  and  about  4  miles  E.  of  UUili 
Lake.  It  has  a  church  and  a  steam  saw-mill.  It  is  mainly 
supported  by  farming  and  the  culture  of  fruit.     P.  1775. 

Pleasant  Grove,  a  post-hamlct  of  Lunenburg  co., 
Va.,  about  75  miles  S.W.  of  Richmond.     It  has  a  church. 

Pleasant  Grove,  a  post-township  of  Yukiaia  co., 
AVashington,  on  the  Yakima  River,  100  miles  E.  by  S.  of 
Tacoma. 

Pleasant  Ilall,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Pm  7J 
miles  W.  of  Shinpenslourg.     It  has  a  church. 

Pleasant  Hill,  a  post-h.amlet  of  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Selma  A  Gulf  Railroad,  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Selma.  It 
has  several  churches  and  an  academy.     Pop.  about  200. 

Pleasant  Hill,  a  post-vill.ago  of  Franklin  co.,  Ark., 
on  Mulberry  River,  about  26  miles  E.N.E.  of  Fort  Smith 

Pleasant  Hill,  a  post-office  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del., 
about  9  miles  AV.  of  Wilmington. 

Pleasant  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Talbot  co.,  Ga.,  U 
miles  S.AV.  of  Thomaston.  It  has  several  churches,  3  stores, 
and  a  tannery. 

Pleasant  Hill,  a  village  in  Lexington  townthip, 
McLean  co..  111.,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Lexington  Station.  It 
bas  3  churches.     Pop.  200.     Here  is  Selma  Post-Offioe. 

Pleasant  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Pleasant  Hill  town- 
ship, Pike  CO.,  III.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  9i 
miles  E.  of  Louisiana,  Mo.,  and  50  miles  S.W.  of  Jackson- 
ville. It  has  2  churches,  a  plough-factory,  and  a  drug- 
store.    Pop.  230  ;  of  the  township,  1411. 

Pleasant  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co., 
Ind.,  about  22  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Lafayette.  It  bas  2  churcbu 
and  an  academy. 

Pleasant  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Dos  Moines  River,  opposite  Keosauqua.  It  hue  a  church. 

Pleasant  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Osborne  co.,  Kansas, 
18  miles  N.  of  Russell. 

Pleasant  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Mercer  co.,  Ky.,  about 
28  miles  S.AV.  of  Lexington.     Pop.  362. 

Pleasant  Hill,  a  post-village  of  De  Soto  parish.  La., 
about  60  miles  S.  of  Shreveport.  It  has  a  church,  llcre 
occurred  a  battle  in  April,  1863,  between  the  Confederate 
forces  and  the  Union  forces  under  General  Banks,  resulting 
in  the  defeat  of  the  former. 

Pleasant  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Traverse  co.,  Minn. 

Pleasant  Hill,  township,  AVinona  co.,  Minn.    P.  740, 

Pleasant  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  De  Soto  co.,  Miss., 
about  24  miles  S.S.E.  of  Memphis,  Tenn.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  masonic  institute,  and  4  stores. 

Pleasant  Hill,  the  largest  town  of  Cass  co.,  Mo.,  is  in 
Pleasant  Hill  township,  on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad, 
at  the  junction  of  the  St.  Louis,  Lawrence  A  Western  Rail- 
road, 35  miles  S.E.  of  Kansas  City,  and  59  miles  \V.  of 
Sedalia.  It  contains  a  college,  a  national  bank,  2  news- 
paper  offices,  10  churches,  2  flour-mills,  a  chair-factory,  and  ' 
a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  2554  ;  of  the  township,  3602. 

Pleasant  Hill,  township,  Sullivan  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  634. 

Pleasant  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Saline  co.,  Neh.,  4 
miles  S.  of  Dorchester  Station,  and  about  2fi  miles  S.W.  of 
Lincoln.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Pleasant  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Northampton  oo., 
N.C,  on  the  Petersburg  Railroad,  13  miles  N.  oy  E.  of 
AVeldon. 

Pleasant  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Newton  township, 
Miami  co.,  0.,  4  miles  S.  of  Covington  Station,  and  about 
75  miles  N.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufac- 
tories of  furniture  and  wagons. 

Pleasant  Hill,  a  post- village  of  Lane  co.,  Oregon,  >0 
the  AVillamette  Valley,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Eugene  City.  Jt 
has  a  church  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Pleasant  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pleasant  Hill  town- 


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ip,  Lancaster  co.,  S.C.,  about  50  miles  N.N.B.  of  Colum- 
i».    Pop.  of  the  township,  1624. 

i  Pleasant  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co.,  Tenn., 
•\  miles  E.  of  McMinnville. 
.pleasant  Hill,  a  post-offico  of  Washington  co.,  Tex. 

Pleasant  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Tazewell  co.,  Va. 

Pleasant  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Preston  co.,  W.  Va. 

Pleasant  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Wis., 

uiles  from  Prairie  du  Chicn.  It  has  ft  church  and  a  mill. 
(Pleasant  Hill,  or  Wal'singham  Centre,  a  post- 
iUage  in  Norfolk  co.,  Ontario,  18i  miles  S.E.  of  Tilson- 

rg.  It  contains  a  woollen-mill  and  several  stores.  P.  250. 
•Pleasant  Hills,  a  station  of  the  Eastern  llailroad, 
iugus  Branch,  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Boston,  Mass. 

Pleasant  Home,  a  post-village  of  Owen  co.,  Ky.,  6 
;  les  W.  of  Owenton,  and  about  24  miles  N.  of  Frankfort. 
I  has  a  church,  an  academy,  and  manufactories  of  ploughs 
l;d  wagons. 
'iPleasant  Home,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co.,  Mo. 

Pleasant  Home,  a  post-office  of  York  co..  Neb. 

Ple.'isant  Hume,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  N.C. 

Pleasant  Home,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  0.,  4 

'les  S.  of  West  Salem.     It  has  a  church. 

Pleasant   Home,  a  post-office  of  Multnomah  co., 

■egon,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Marshfield  Station. 

Pleasant  Hope,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co.,  Mo.,  20 

'les  N.  of  Springfield.     It  has  2  churches,  a  steam  saw- 

!"li,  and  a  grist-mill. 
Pleasant  Island,  an  island  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  in 
.  0°  25'  S.,  Ion.  107°  5'  E.,  15  miles  in  circumference. 
|Pleasant  Lake,  New  York.    See  Lake  Pleasant. 
Pleasant  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Steuben  co.,  Ind., 
Pigeon  lliver,  which  here  expands  into  a  small  lake, 
1  on  the  Fort  Wayne,  Jackson  &  Saginaw  Railroad,  5 
les  S.  of  Angola.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  (1890)  520. 
Pleasant  Lake,  a   hamlet  in   Henrietta  township, 
kson  CO.,  Mich.,  near  a  small  lake,  7  miles  E.  of  Kives 
inction.     It  has  a  church. 

[Pleasant  Lane,  a  post-office  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C. 
fPleasant  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co.,  Ind.,  on 
1  St.  Mary's  lliver,  about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Fort  Wayne. 
las  a  church  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  80. 
?]easant  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Atlantic  co.,  N.J., 
('Little  Egg  Harbor  lliver,  36  miles  S.E.  of  Camden. 
*leasant  Mound,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bond  co..  111., 
1  ut  14  miles  S.W.  of  Vandalia. 
•leasant  Mound,  a  post-office  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C. 
*leasant  Mound,  post-office,  Montgomery  co.,  Tenn. 
'leasant  Alounds,  a  post-office  in  Pleasant  Mounds 
<  nship,  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn.,  about  28  miles   S.S.W. 
( 'dankato.    Here  are  several  mounds  about  200  feet  high, 
i  I  wide  expanse  of  prairie.     Pop.  of  the  township,  536. 
•leasant  Mount,  a  post-office  of  Panola  co.,  Miss., 
|!ut  30  miles  S.W.  of  Holly  Springs. 
I 'leasant  Mount,  a  post-village  of  Miller  co..  Mo., 
t'ut  26   miles   S.W.  of  Jefi'erson  City.     It  b.as   several 
Arches,  and  furnaces  for  smelting  lead.     Pop.  122. 
jMeasant  Mount,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Pa., 
iirlount  Pleasant  township,  2  miles  from  Herrick  Centre 
Illroad  Station,  which  is  13  miles  N.  of  Carbondale.     It 
«  an  academy  and  several  churches. 
'leasant  Oaks,  a  post-office  of  Brunswick  co.,  Va. 
I'leasanton,  plez'gm-t^n,  a  post-village  of  Alameda 
c  Cal.,  on  the  Central  Pacific  llailroad,  42  miles  E.S.E. 
ojian  Francisco.     It  has  a  church.     Coal  is  mined  near 
t.l  place,  at  Mount  Diablo. 

i'leasanton,  a  post-village  of  Decatur  co.,  Iowa,  10 
Uta  S.  of  Leon.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
blk,  and  a  tannery. 

leasanton,  a  post-village  in  Potosi  township,  Linn 
dt Kansas,  on  the  Missouri  River,  Fort  Scott  &  Gulf  Rail- 
Pi.,  24  miles  N.  of  Fort  Scott,  and  31  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Ijla.  It  has  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office, 
2;  uring-mills,  a  Liberal  Hall,  and  2  churches.  Pop.  about 
8'     Coal  and  lead  are  found  near  this  place. 

leasanton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pleasanton  township, 
3t  istee  co.,  Mich.,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Manistee.  The  town- 
sl  contains  3  churches.     Pop.  of  township,  419. 

leasanton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  6  miles 
S  |Wr.  of  Athens.     It  has  a  church. 

ileasanton,  a  village  in  Wesley  township,  Washing- 
*A  50.,  0.,  about  20  miles  W.  of  Marietta.     Pop.  109. 

[leasanton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Atascosa  co., 
T|,  on  the  Atascosa  River,  35  miles  S.  of  San  Antonio. 
JMis  a  church,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  high  school. 

»leasant  Park,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Mo., 
tl  1 10  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Brunswick.     It  has  a  church. 


Pleasant  Plain,  a  post-office  of  Huntington  co.,  Ind. 

Pleasant  Plain,  a  post-village  in  Penn  township. 
Jefferson  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific 
Railroad,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Fairfield.  It  has  3  ohurchcs 
and  a  flour-mill. 

Pleasant  Plain,  a  post-office  of  Osborne  co.,  Kansas. 

Pleasant  Plain  (formerly  New  Columbia),  a  post- 
village  of  Warren  co.,  0.,  on  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati 
Railroad,  34  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  steam  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Pleasant  Plains,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  Ala., 
25  miles  S.W.  of  Fort  Gaines,  Ga. 

Pleasant  Plains,  a  post-village  of  Independence  co., 
Ark.,  about  15  miles  S.  of  Batesville.  It  has  2  churches 
and  an  academy. 

Pleasant  Plains,  a  post-office  of  Hernando  co.,  Fla. 

Pleasant  Plains,  a  post-village  of  Sangamon  co., 
111.,  on  the  Springfield  division  of  the  Ohio  &  Mississi])pi 
Railroad,  16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  several 
stores.     Pop.  about  400. 

Pleasant  P'lains,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.^ 
N.Y.,  60  miles  S.  of  Albany.     It  has  a  church  and  a  mill. 

Pleasant  Plains,  a  village  of  Richmond  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Staten  Island  Railroad,  22  miles  S.W.  of  New  York. 

Pleasant  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Paulding  co.,  0., 
5  miles  S.  of  Paulding.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  and 
a  planing-mill. 

Pleasant  Point,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co.,  Tenn., 
18  miles  W.  of  Pulaski. 

Pleasant  Point,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co.,  Tex., 
20  miles  S.  of  Fort  Worth.     It  has  a  church. 

Pleasant  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-office  of  Muscatine 
CO.,  Iowa. 

Pleasant  Prairie,  a  post-township  of  Martin  co., 
Minn.,  10  miles  E.  of  Fairmont.     Pop.  239. 

Pleasant  Prairie,  a  post-township  of  Kenosha  co., 
Wis.,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Lake  Michigan,  and  inter- 
sected by  the  Chicago  <t  Milwaukee  Railroad  and  by  the 
Kenosha  <fc  Rockford  Branch  of  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern 
llailroad.  Pleasant  Prairie  Post-Office  and  Station  are  at  or 
near  the  junction  of  these  railroads,  6  miles  W.  of  Kenosha. 
Pop.  1457. 

Pleasant  Retreat,  a  post-office  of  White  co.,  Ga. 

Pleasant  Retreat,  a  post-office  of  Scotland  co..  Mo. 

Pleasant  Retreat,  a  post-offico  of  Clay  co.,  W.  Va., 
8  miles  N.E.  of  Charleston. 

Pleasant  Ridge,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  Ala., 
about  38  miles  S.W.  of  Tuscaloosa.  It  has  2  churches,  2 
academics,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Pleasant  Ridge,  a  township  of  Livingston  co.,  111. 
Pop.  809. 

Pleasant  Ridge,  a  hamlet  of  Rock  Island  co..  111., 
on  the  Rock  Island  <fe  Mercer  County  Railroad. 

Pleasant  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Jasper  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Indianapolis,  Delphi  &  Chicago  Railroad,  4  miles  E 
of  Rensselaer. 

Pleasant  Ridge,  township,  Lee  co.,  Iowa.     P.  891. 

Pleasant  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Leavenworth  co., 
Kansas,  on  the  Kansas  Central  Railroad,  11  miles  N.W.  of 
Leavenworth. 

Pleasant  Ridge,  a  post-village  of  Daviess  co.,.Ky., 
13  miles  S.E.  of  Owensborough,     It  has  2  churches. 

Pleasant  Ridge,  a  post-office  and  plantation  of 
Aroostook  co.,  Me.,  60  miles  N.  of  Houlton. 

PieasantRidge,  plantation,  Somerset  co..  Me.  P.  135. 

Pleasant  Ridge,  a  post-village  of  Itawamba  co.. 
Miss.,  28  miles  S.  of  luka.  It  has  a  church,  a  plough- 
factory,  a  tannery,  <fec. 

Pleasant  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Texas  co..  Mo. 

Pleasant  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Harlan  co..  Neb. 

Pleasant  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y., 
about  22  miles  N.E.  of  Newburg. 

Pleasant  Ridge,  a  post-offieeof  Gaston  co.,  N.C. 

Pleasant  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  0. 

Pleasant  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Fulton  co..  Pa. 

Pleasant  Ridge,  post-office,  Princess  Anne  co.,  Va. 

Pleasant  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Clark  co.,  Wis. 

Pleasant  Ridge  Park.  See  Pleasure  Ridge  Park. 

Pleasant  River,  Washington  co..  Me.,  runs  nearly 
S.E.,  and  enters  Pleasant  Bay,  a  deep  inlet  of  the  sea. 

Pleasant  Run,  a  creek  of  Te.\as,  flows  into  the  Trin 
ity  River  from  the  W.  in  Dallas  co. 

Pleasant  Run,  township,  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.    P.  699. 

Pleasant  Run,  a  post-office  pf  Pottawatomie  co.,  Kan- 
sas, 4i  miles  S.  of  Westmoreland. 

Pleasant  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J., 
2i  miles  from  Stanton  Station. 


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Pleasant  Rnn*  a  post-otBoe  of  Hamilton  oo.,  0.,  0 
miles  S.  of  Hamilton. 

Pleasant  Kun,  a  post-offloe  of  Montgomery  oo.,  Pa. 

PleaNant  Itun,  a  post-oOice  of  Tucker  co.,  W.  Va. 

Pleaiiants,  piei\int«,  a  county  of  West  Virginia,  lias 
an  area  of  aliout  \M  square  niilri).  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N,W.  by  the  Ohio  lUver,  wiiich  Bepnrates  il  from  the  etato 
of  Ohio.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  mostly  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  com,  wheat,  and 
grncs  are  the  staple  products.  Petroleum  is  one  of  the  cliief 
articles  of  export.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Ohio 
River  Railroad.  Capitiil,  St.  Mary's.  Pop.  in  1870,3012; 
in  1880,  6256;  in  18»0,  7539. 

Pleasant  Shade^  a  post-office  of  Smith  co.,  Tenn. 

Pleasant  Shade,  a  post-hamlet  of  (Greenville  co., 
Va.,  8  miles  \Y.  of  Belliold  Sttttion.     It  has  2  stores. 

Pleasant  Site,  a  post-hamlet  of  ITranklin  oo.,  Ala., 
about  24  miles  S.W.  of  Tuscumbia.    It  has  2  or  3  churches. 

Pleasant  Springs,  township,  Dane  co.,  Wis.   P.  1057. 

Pleasant  U'nity,  a  pust-villuge  in  Unity  township, 
Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  about  36  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pittsburg. 
It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  a  tannery,  a  pottery,  Ac. 

Pleasant  Vale,  a  township  of  Pike  co..  III.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River.     Pop.  1118.     It  contains  New  Canton. 

Pleasant  Vale,  a  post-village  in  Albert  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  Coverdale  River,  10  miles  from  Petit- 
oodiiic.     Pop.  150. 

Pleasant  Valley,  post-office.  Independence  co..  Ark. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  post- village  of  El  Dorado  co.,  Cal., 
about  50  miles  E.  of  Sacramento.  It  has  a  manufactory 
of  doors,  blinds,  and  sash. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Litchfield  co.. 
Conn.,  on  the  Farmington  River,  about  22  miles  N.W.  of 
Hartford.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  sash-  and  blind-factory. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Minnehaha  co., 
S.D. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Oneida  co.,  Idaho, 
on  the  Rocky  Mountain,  about  9000  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  post-township  of  Jo  Daviess  co., 
111.,  about  25  miles  S.E.  of  Cialena.  It  contains  2  churches. 
Pop.  943. 

Pleasant  Valley,  township,  Carroll  co.,  Iowa.  P.  211. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  1704. 

Pleasant  Valley,  township,  Grundy  co.,  Iowa.  P.  698. 

Pleasant  Valley,  township,  Johnson  co.,  Iowa.  P.  679. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  and  small  township 
of  Scott  CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  10  miles  above 
Davenport.     Pop.  737. 

Pleasant  Valley, township,  Websteroo.,  Iowa.  P.  882. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  township  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  291. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Kansas, 
18  miles  N.  of  Ellsworth. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  township  of  Saline  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  268.     Po-st-office,  Mulberry. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  township  of  Wilson  oo.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  662.     Post-office,  Ward. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Md., 
C  miles  N.N.W.  of  Westminster. 

Pleasant  Valley,  township,  Mowerco.,  Minn.  P. 422. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  post-namlet  of  Rock  co.,  Minn., 
12  iniles  from  Valloy  Springs,  S.D. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Dodge  co.,  Neb. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J., 
4  miles  N.W.  of  Newton.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  76. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  post-village  in  Pleasant  Valley 
township,  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Wappingor's  Creek,  and  on 
the  Poughkeepsie  &  Eastern  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of 
Poughkcepsie.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  cotton-factory, 
and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  500 ;  of  the  township,  1827. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  hamlet  of  Whitestown  township, 
Oneida  co.,  N.Y.     Pop.  87. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  station  in  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Bath  &  Uammondsport  Railroad,  2  miles  S.E.  of  Ilam- 
mondsport.     Here  wine  is  extensively  manufactured. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  hamlet  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  on 
Wheeling  Creek,  5  miles  W.  of  Bridgeport.     It  has  a  mill. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  0. 

Pleasant  Valley,  township,  Madison  co.,  0.     P.  467. 

Pleasant  Valley,  Ohio.  See  Plain  City,  and  Lick- 
IHO  Vallev. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a.post-hamlet  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  10 
or  11  miles  S.E.  of  Allentown.     Pop.  about  40. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  village  in  Pittston  township, 
Lnzerne  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey, 


and  on  the  Pennsylvania  Coal  Company's  Railroad,  8  uIIm 
S.W.  of  Scran  ton.  It  has  coal-mines  and  2  ohurcbei.  Th« 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Marr. 

Pleasant  Valley,  township,  Potter  co..  Pa.    P.  140. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  iK)f<t-offlco  of  Lancaster  co.,  S.c' 
about  74  miles  N.  of  Columbia.  ** 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Tenn. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  pon-offlce  of  Dallas  co.,Tox. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chittenden  co., 
Vt.,  about  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Burlington. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  post-hamlct  of  Fairfax  co.,  Vb 
about  28  miles  W.  of  Washingt(m,  D.C.  '* 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  township  of  Eau  Claire  co.,  Wli. 
Pop.  503. 

Pleasant  Valley,  a  post-township  in  the  S.  part  of 
St.  Croix  CO.,  Wis.,  15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Hud.son.     Pop.  621. 

Pleasant  Valley,  Ontario.    See  Hillieu. 

Pleasant  Valley  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rocking- 
ham CO.,  Va.,  on  the  Harjjer's  Ferry  &  Valley  Branch  Kail- 
road,  21  miles  N.N.E.  of  Staunton.  It  has  a  ehurob,  a 
flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  Ac. 

Pleasant  Valley  Mills,  post-office,  Nichola?  co.,  I 

Pleasant  View,  township,  Macon  co..  111.    Pop. 

Pleasant  View,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rushville  towu- 
Schuyler  co..  III.,  about  7  miles  N.  of  Beardstown. 

Pleasant  View,  a  village  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.,  ntir 
the  Cincinnati,  Indianapolis  A  Lafayette  Railroad,  15  miles 
S.E.  of  Indianapolis.     It  has  2  churches. 

Pleasant  View,  a  post-office  of  Wabash  co.,  Ind., 
about  34  miles  W.S.W.  of  Fort  Wayne. 

Pleasant  View,  a  post-township  of  Cherokee  co., 
Kansas,  on  an  affluent  of  Spring  River,  about  16  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  Baxter  Springs.     Pop.  959. 

Pleasant  View,  a  post-office  of  Whitley  co.,  Ky. 

Pleasant  View,  a  post-hamlet  of  Emmett  co.,  Mich., 
10  miles  from  Petoskey.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Pleasant  View,  a  post-office  of  Cedar  co..  Mo. 

Pleasant  View,  a  post-hamlet  of  Juniata  co..  Pa.,  8 
miles  S.W.  of  Port  Royal. 

Pleasant  View,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cheatham  co.,Tenn., 
25  miles  N.W.  of  Nashville.    It  has  a  church  and  academy. 

Pleasant  View,  a  post-office  of  Amherst  co.,  Va. 

Pleasant  View,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  36  miles  S.  of  Parkersburg. 

Pleasantville,  pl5z'ant-v!I,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan 
CO.,  Ind.,  about  26  miles' N.E.  of  Vincennes.  It  has  2 
churches,  an  academy,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Pleasantville,  a  post-village  in  Pleasant  Grove  town- 
ship, Marion  co.,  Iowa,  about  25  miles  S.E.  of  Des  Moines. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  610. 

Pleasantville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harford  co.,  Md., 
about  22  miles  N.N.E.  of  Baltimore. 

Pleasantville,  a  post-village  of  Atlantic  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Egg  Harbor  township,  on  the  Philadelphia  A  Atlantic  City 
Railroad,  and  on  the  West  Jersey  Railroad  (Atlantic  City 
branch),  6  miles  W.  of  Atlantic  City. 

Pleasantville,  a  hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  in  Passaio 
township,  4i  miles  S.  of  Morristown. 

Pleasantville,  a  post-village  in  Mount  Pleasant  town- 
ship, Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  i  mile  E.  of  Pleasantville  Sta- 
tion on  the  New  York  A  Harlem  Railroad,  and  32  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  New  York  City.  It  has  2  churches,  9  stores,  and 
a  manufactory  of  shoes.  Pop.  about  460.  This  village, 
which  is  nearly  IJ  miles  long,  has  2  post-offices, — Pleasant- 
ville and  Pleasantville  Station. 

Pleasantville,  a  post-office  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.C. 

Pleasantville,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.,  in 
Pleasant  township,  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lancaster,  and  about 
28  miles  E.S.E.  of  Columbus.  It  contains  the  Fairfield 
Academy  and  2  churches. 

Pleasantville,  a  post-village  of  Bedford  co..  Pa.,  in 
St.  Clair  township,  i.bout  28  miles  S.S.W.  of  Altoona.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  steam  tannery,  and  a  foundry.  The  name 
of  its  post-office  is  Alum  Bank. 

Pleasantville,  a  post-borough  of  Venango  co.,  Pa.,!B 
Alleghany  township,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Titusville,  and  about 
13  miles  N.N.E.  of  Oil  City.  It  has  several  oil-wells,  and 
is  mainly  supported  by  the  oil-business.  It  contains  2 
state  banks  with  aggregate  capital  of  $200,000,4  churches, 
and  a  fine  school-house  which  cost  $30,000.     Pop.  151)8. 

Pleasantville,  a  post-office  of  Hickman  co.,  Tenn., 
about  60  miles  W.S.W.  of  Nashville. 

Pleasantville  Station,  N.Y.    See  Pleasa.vtvillk. 

Pleasure  (plezh'ur)  Island,  an  island  in  Lake  Ontario, 
opposite  Toronto.  A  steam  ferry  runs  between  the  city  and 
the  island  every  half-hour. 

Pleasure  Ridge  Park,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson 


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CO.  Ky.,  on  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  8  miles  S. 
of  Louisville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Plcasnrcville,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Louisville,  Cincinnati  &  Lexington  Railroad,  44  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Louisville.     It  has  3  churches. 

I*l6aux,  jilA'o',  a  town  of  France,  in  Cantal,  18  miles 
N.AV.  of  Aurillac.     Pop.  1600. 

Pleidesheim,pli'd§s-hIme',orPleidelsheim,pli'- 
d^ls-himo',  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  3  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Warbach.     Pop.  1225. 

PIcisnitz,  pliss'nits,  or  Pelsocz,  pSPsots',  a  town 
of  Hungary,  co.  and  6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Gomor,  on  the  Sajo. 
Pop.  1289,  partly  employed  in  iron- works. 

Pleisse,  plls'seh,  a  river  of  Saxony,  joins  the  White 
Elster  at  Leipsic,  after  a  N.  course  of  60  miles. 

Pleistein,  plls'tine,  or  Bleisteiii,  blis'tine,  a  town 
of  Riivaria,  Upper  Palatinate,  12  miles  from  AVeidcn. 

PI6lo,  plAMo',  a  village  of  France,  in  C6tes-du-Nord, 
ttrronilisscinent  of  Saint-Brieue.     Pop.  1645. 

Plencia,  plin'the-4,  a  seaport  town  of  Spain,  in  Bis- 
cay, 14  miles  N.W.  of  Bilbao,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river 
Placentia.  It  has  a  school  of  navigation  and  some  docks 
for  building  small  vessels.     Pop.  955. 

Plen'itude,  a  hamlet  of  Union  co.,  Miss.,  20  miles 
N.AV.  of  Tupelo.     It  has  a  church. 

Plenitude^  a  post-village  of  Anderson  co.,  Tex.,  9 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Palestine.  It  has  a  cotton-factory  and 
several  churches. 
Plenty,  Bay  of.  See  Bay  of  Plenty. 
Pies,  pifis,  or  Plessa,pl5s's3,,  sometimes  written  Pli- 
jOSS  and  Plioso,  a  town  of  Russia,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Kos- 
Itroma,  on  the  Volga,  with  woollen-manufactures.  P.  2920. 
I  Piescheievo,  Plestcheievo,or  Plestschejewo, 
rpl&'chi-yd'vo,  or  Klestchino-Ozero,  klfist-chee'no- 
jo-zi'ro,  called  also  Saleski,  sA-lfis'kee,  a  small  lake  of 
Russia,  government  and  70  miles  N.W.  of  Vladimeer,  near 
the  head  of  an  affluent  of  the  Volga.  Here  Peter  the  Great, 
iin  1691,  made  his  first  essays  to  form  the  Russian  navy. 
|Length,  5  miles  ;  breadth,  4  miles. 

j  Pleschen,  pl6sh'§n,  or  PleszeAV,  plSsh'^v,  a  town  of 
iPrussia,  54  miles  S.E.  of  Posen,  with  manufactures  of  wool- 
liens  and  tobacco.     Pop.  6348. 

j    Ples'is,  or  Ples'sis,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co., 
IN.Y.,  3  miles  from  Redwood  Station,  about  22  miles  N.  of 
[Wiitertovyn.     It  has  nearly  40  houses,  a  graded  school,  2 
churches,  2  saw-mills,  <fec. 
Pleskov,  or  Pleskow,  Russia.    See  Pskov. 
PI  ess,  a  town  of  Tyrol.     See  Flitsch. 
Plessa,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Ples. 
'    Plesse,  plSs's^h,  or  Pless,  pldss,  a  town  of  Prussian 
jSilesia,  68  miles  S.E.  of  Oppeln.     Pop.  3943.     It  has  a 
jcastle,  and  manufactures  of  woollens,  oil-cloth,  and  leather. 
[    Plessisville,  Quebec.    See  Sombrset. 
I    Plestin,  plds't5.x"',  a  village  of  France,  in  Cotes-du- 
iNord,  9  miles  S.AV.  of  Lannion.     Pop.  1085. 
Pleszew,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Pleschen. 
Plettcnberg,  pl6t't?n-b5RG',  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
^Yestphalia,  16  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Arnsberg.     Pop.  2322. 

Plet'teiiberg  Bay,  of  Cape  Colony,  South  Africa,  in 
jlat.  34°  S.,  Ion.  23°  20'  E..  is  bounded  S.W.  by  Seal  Cape. 
j    Pleiibian,  or  Pleubihan,  phih'bee'ftv',  a  maritime 
jTillage  of  France,  in  C6tes-du-Nord,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Lan- 
jnion,  on  the  English  Channel. 

Pleumartin,  pluh'mau'tiN"',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Vienne,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Chatellerault.     Pop.  1418. 

Plenmeur,  pluh'muR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Cfltes- 
,du-i\iird,  arrondissement  of  Lannion.     Pop.  819. 
i     Plciirtiiit,  pluRHwee',  a  village  of  Franco,  in  Ille-et- 
jlaine,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Saint-Malo. 
Plevna,  pliv'ni,  a  town  of  Bulgaria,  near  the  Vid,  25 
lies  S.S.W.  of  Nikopolis.     It  was  besieged  and  taken  from 
e  Turks  by  the  Russians  in  1877.    Pop.  (1888)  14,307. 
Plev'na,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Ala. 
Plevna,  a  post-office  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas. 
Plevna,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co..  Mo. 
Plevna,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co.,  Oregon. 
.     Pleyben,  pli'bftN*',  a  town  of  France,  in  FinistSre,  16 
jmilos  N.N.E.  of  Quimper.     Pop.  1091. 
\    Pleystein,  pli'stine,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  8  miles  N.E. 
(of  Leuchtenberg.     Pop.  1068. 

!  Pliegfo,  ple-4'go,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  22 
imllos  W.  of  Murcia.     Pop.  2580. 

I  Plieningen,  plee'ning-?n,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg,  5 
|i=«iles  S.S.E.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  2171. 

Plimpton,  Holmes  co.,  0.    See  Lakeville. 
Plinlim'mon,  one  of  the  loftiest  mountains  of  Wales, 
108.  of  Montgomery  and  Cardigan,  12  miles  from  Cardigan 


Bay,  and  11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Llanidloes.  The  Severn  and 
Wye  have  their  sources  in  this  mountain.  Height,  2463 
feet. 

Plin'y,  a  post-office  of  Saline  co.,  Kansas,  about  16 
miles  S.E.  of  Salina. 

Pliny,  a  post-office  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C. 

Pliny  Store,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Kanawha  River,  opposite  Buffalo. 

Plioss,  or  Plioso,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Ples. 

Pliusa,  plo-oo'sS.,  a  river  of  Russia,  issues  from  a  small 
lake  in  the  S.  of  the  government  of  St.  Petersburg,  flows 
N.N.W.,  and  joins  the  Narova  near  St.  Petersburg.  Length, 
120  miles. 

Ploaghe,  plo-8,'gi,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sardinia, 
11  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sassari.     Pop.  2870. 

Plochingen,  pl6K'ing-§n,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg,  6 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Esslingen.     Pop.  1881. 

Plock,  plotsk,  a  city  of  Poland,  capital  of  a  province, 
on  the  Vistula,  58  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Warsaw.  Pop.  19,18i». 
It  consists  of  an  old  and  a  new  town.  The  principal  build- 
ings are  a  cathedral  of  the  sixteenth  century,  a  bishop's 
palace,  theatre,  and  various  government  offices.  It  has  also 
Piarist  and  other  colleges,  a  seminary,  manufactures  of 
leather  and  skins,  and  an  active  transit  trade. 

Plock,  or  Plotsk,  a  government  of  Russian  Poland, 
bounded  N.  by  Prussia,  and  having  on  the  S.  and  S.W.  the 
river  Vistula.  It  contains  4198  square  miles.  Capital, 
Plock.     Pop.  500,568. 

Plock'ton,  a  village  of  Scotland,  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Ross-shire,  and  on  Loch  Carron,  an  arm  of  the  sea,  25  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Portree.     Pop.  516. 

Ploen,  pliin,  or  Plon,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Ilolstein, 
on  a  narrow  isthmus  below  the  Great  and  Little  Ploen 
Lakes,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Kiel.  Pop.,  with  suburbs,  2895. 
It  has  a  fine  Gothic  castle.     See  Lake  op  Ploen. 

Plocrmel,  plo'^R^mSl',  a  town  of  France,  in  Morbihan, 
25  miles  N.E.  of  Vannes.     Pop.  2790. 

Ploesti,plo-5s'tee,  PIoyeshti,plo-yesh'tee,  orPio- 
escht,  plo-esht',  also  written  Plovest,  a  town  of  Rou- 
mania,  45  miles  N.  of  Bucharest,  at  a  railway  junction. 
Pop.  32,335.     It  has  a  gymnasium. 

Plogoff,  plo'goff',  a  village  of  France,  in  Finistfire,  23 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Quimper.     Pop.  1690. 

Plomb  de  Cantal,  France.    See  Cantal, 

Plombiferes,  pliM'be-aiu',  a  town  and  watering-place 
of  France,  in  Vosges,  on  the  Angronne,  14  miles  S.  of 
Epinal.  Pop.  1614.  Its  warm  saline  baths  are  well  fre- 
quented.    The  town  has  manufactures  of  cutlery. 

Plombibres,  a  town  of  France,  in  C6te-d'0r,  on  the 
railway  to  Lyons,  3  miles  W.N.W.  of  Dijon.     Pop.  1582. 

Pi  on,  a  town  of  Holstein.    See  Ploen. 

Plone,  plo'n§h,  a  river  of  Prussia,  flows  N.W.,  and 
joins  the  Stettiner-Haff  at  Damm,  4  miles  E.  of  Stettin. 

Plonsk,  plftNsk,  or  Plask,  a  town  of  Poland,  province 
and  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Plock,  on  the  Plonna.     Pop.  5812. 

Plotsk,  a  government  of  Russia.    See  Plock. 

Plott's,  a  township  of  Cabarrus  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  913. 

Plouay,  ploo'd',  a  village  of  France,  in  Morbihan,  11 
miles  N.  of  Lorient.     Pop.  1239. 

Ploudalmezean,ploo'dirmi*zo',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Finistcre,  13  miles  N.N.W.  of  Brest.     Pop.  855. 

Plouescat,  ploo'is'ki',  a  village  of  France,  in  Finis- 
tere,  16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Moriaix.     Pop.  805. 

Plougastel-Daoulas,  pIoo'gisHell'-di'ooMJ,',  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  in  Finistire,  6  miles  E.  of  Brest. 

Plougonvelin,ploo*g6N"V5h-l4s»',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Finistero,  near  the  coast.     Pop.  1408. 

Plougucrneau,  ploo^gaiR'no',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Finistere,  arrondissement  of  Brest.     Pop.  782.  | 

Plouguernevel,ploo'gaiR*ni'v5l',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Cotes-du-Nord,  arrondissement  of  Guingamp.     P.  639.  j 

Plouha,  ploo'4',  a  village  of  France,  in  C6tcs-du-Nord, 
13  miles  N.W.  of  Saint-Brieuc.     Pop.  784.  | 

Plouigneaii,  ploo-een'yO',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Finistcre,  6  miles  E.  of  Moriaix.     Pop.  699.  ' 

Ploumoguer,  ploo'mo'gaiR',  a  commune  of  France,  in 
Finistere,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Brest,     Pop.  1987, 

Plourin,  plooVix"',  a  village  of  France,  in  Finistcre, 
4  miles  S.S.E.  of  Moriaix,     Pop,  326, 

Plover,  pluv'§r,  a  post-village  in  Plover  township.  Por- 
tage CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Wisconsin  River,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Plover,  and  on  the  Green  Bay  <fc  Minnesota  Railroad, 
81  i  miles  W.  of  Green  Bay,  and  3  miles  below  Stevens 
Point.  It  has  saw-mills,  a  newspaper  office,  2  churches, 
and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  about  400  ;  of  township,  1085. 

Plover-and-Her'ald  Islands,  a  group  in  the 
Arctic  Ocean,  about  lat.  71°  12'  N.  and  Ion.  170°  W 


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Plover  Rivert  Wisconsin,  drains  the  E.  part  of  Mara- 
thon 00.,  rans  nearly  soutliwanl,  with  a  giiiall  deviation 
towarcU  th«  W.,  and  enters  the  Wisconsin  Uiver  at  Plover. 

Plovestf  a  town  of  Iloumania.    See  Plobsti. 

Plow'boy*  a  post-office  of  Shatrne«  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Kansaa  River,  about  13  miles  W.  of  Topelta. 

Plow'den*8  Mill*  a  township  of  Clarendon  co.,  S.C. 
Pop.  853. 

rluck'emin«  a  post-village  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Bodminstor  township,  about  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Morristown. 
It  is  6  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Somorville.  It  has  a  church,  a 
ohapol,  3  stores,  and  a  manufactory  of  clothing.     Pop.  2U0. 

PludenZ)  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Bludb.nz. 

PlUdcrhauscn,  plli'd^r-hSw'z^n,  a  town  of  WUrtem- 
bcrg,  on  the  Remo,  4  miles  W.  of  Lorch.     Pop.  1725. 

Plum,  Mitchell  co.,  Kansas.    See  Plum  Crkkk. 

Plum,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1300. 

Plum,  a  post-township  in  the  N.W.  j)art  of  Venango 
CO..  Pa.,  about  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Titusville.     Pop.  1 14(1. 

Plum,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Mis- 
souri, Kan!<ns  &  Texas  Railroad,  about  5  miles  W.  of  La 
Grange,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Plu'mas,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  California.  Area, 
estimated  iit  2720  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  North 
and  Middle  Forks  of  the  Feather  River.  The  latter  runs 
in  one  of  the  deepest  and  grandest  canons  in  the  state.  The 
surface  is  diversified  with  high  ]>eaks  of  the  Sierra  Nevada, 
very  deep  and  narrow  cnfions,  fertile  valleys,  and  extensive 
forests  of  pine,  fir,  and  other  evergreen  trees.  The  valleys 
produce  pasture  for  cattle.  Gold  is  the  chief  article  of 
export.  Granite,  slate,  and  fine  marble  are  abundant  here. 
In  the  S.  part  of  this  county  standi^  Pilot  Peak,  an  isolated 
mountain  7605  feet  high.  It  is  of  volcanic  origin,  partly 
basaltic.  At  the  N.W.  corner  stands  Lassen's  Peak,  which 
is  10,577  feet  high.  Capital,  Quincy.  Pop.  in  1870,  4-189; 
in  1880,  6180;  in  1890,  4993. 

Plumas,  a  township  of  Plumas  co.,  Cal.    Pop.  640. 

Plumb,  plum,  a  post-office  of  Lyon  co.,  Kansas. 

Plum  Uayon,  bi'oo,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.. 
Ark.,  on  the  N.E.  bank  of  Arkansas  River,  about  24  miles 
by  land  S.S.E.  of  Little  Rock.     It  has  a  church. 

Plumb  Creek,  in  Pennsylvania,  flows  into  Crooked 
Creek  in  Armstrong  co. 

Plumb  Creek,  Kansas.    See  Plum  Creek. 

Plumb  Island,  belonging  to  New  York,  situated  in 
Long  Island  Sound,  near  its  E.  entrance,  is  about  3  miles 
long  and  1  mile  broad.  It  contains  a  revolving  light  63 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  lat.  41°  10'  18"  N.,  Ion. 
72°  13'  12"  W. 

Plum  Brook,  a  post-office  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y. 

Plumb's  Cross  Roads,  post-office,  Paulding  co.,  0. 

Plum  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pierce  co..  Wis.,  on  Plum 
Creek,  about  4U  miles  W.S.W.  of  Eau  Claire. 

Plum  Creek,  Colorado,  rises  near  the  S.  border  of 
Douglas  CO.,  runs  northw.ard,  and  enters  the  South  Fork  of 
the  Platte  14  miles  S.  of  Denver.     Its  valley  is  fertile. 

Plum  Creek,  Nebraska,  rises  in  Butler  co.,  runs  south- 
ward, and  enters  the  Big  Blue  River  in  Seward  co. 

Plum  Creek,  Texas,  flows  into  San  Marcos  River  from 
the  N.,  at  the  S.  extremity  of  Caldwell  co. 

Plum  Creek,  a  township  of  Mitchell  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  673.     Post-office,  Springfield. 

Plum  Creek,  post-township,  Phillips  CO.,  Kan.   P.  385. 

Plum  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  Minn.,  about 
35  miles  S.S.W.  of  St.  Paul. 

Plum  Creek,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dawson  co., 
Neb.,  near  the  Platte  River,  and  on  the  Union  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 230  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Omaha,  and  35  miles  W.  of 
Kearney.     It  has  a  newspaper  office  and  3  churches. 

Plum  Creek,  township,  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.     P.  1738. 

Plum  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Caldwell  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  San  Marcos  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Plum  Creek,  about 
48  miles  S.  of  Austin. 

Plume,  La,  1&  pliim,  a  town  of  France,  in  Lot-et- 
Garonne,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Agen.     Pop.  1742. 

Plumenan,  ploo'in§h-n5w'  (Moravian,  Plumlou, 
ploom'low),  a  town  of  Moravia,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Olmutz. 

Plum'er,  a  post-village  in  Cornplanter  township,  Ve- 
nango CO.,  Pa.,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Oil  City,  and  10  miles  S. 
of  Titusville.  It  has  2  churches  and  about  25  dwellings. 
Oil  is  found  near  this  place. 

Plumervillc,  Arkansas.    See  Plummku's  Station. 

Plum'ficid,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  III.,  17 
miles  S.E.  of  Duquoin.     It  has  2  churches,  a  mill,  Ac. 

Plum  Grove,  a  poet-hamlet  and  township  of  Butler 
CO.,  Kansas,  on  White  Water  Creek,  about  60  miles  S.W. 
of  Emporia.     Pop.  212. 


Plum    Ilill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co    III 
about  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  llclleville.      .  '' 

Plum  IloI'low,  a  post-village  in  Scott  townshij.,  V- 
mont  CO.,  Iowa,  about  6  miles  N.W.  of  Sidney.     It  ; 
churches,   a    money-order    post-office,   and  2   flour-u 
Pop.  about  250. 

Plum  Island,  a  long,  narrow  island  of  Essex  co. 
Mass.,  situated  between  the  mouth  of  Mcrrimao  Uiver  un 
the  N.,  and  Ipswich  Bay,  on  the  S.,  and  separated  from'tha 
mainland  by  a  narrow  sound.     Length,  84  miles. 

Plum  Lick,  o  post-office  of  Bourbon  co.,  Ky. 

Plum'mcr's  Landing,  a  post-hamlot  of  Fleming 
CO.,  Ky.,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Flemingsburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Plummcr's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Conway  co.j 
Ark.,  on  the  Little  Rock  &  Fort  Smith  Railroad,  at  Plum' 
erville  Station,  44  miles  N.N.W.  of  Little  Rock. 

Plum'merville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Robeson  co.,  ' 
on  the  Carolina  Central  Railroad,  3  miles  from  Red  liui 

Plum  Point,  a  post-office  of  Calvert  co.,  Md. 

Plum  Point,  a  nost-officc  of  Do  Soto  co.,  Miss. 

Plum  River, or  Morse'ville, a  post-village  in  Stock, 
ton  township,  Jo  Daviess  co..  111.,  about  22  miles  \V.  of  Free- 
port.     It  has  a  cheese-factory.    Pop.  about  200. 

Plum'stead,  a  parish  of  England,  in  Kent,  foruiii 
southeastern  suburb  of  London.     Pop.  52,436. 

Plumstead,  a  township  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J,   Pop.  1 

Plumstend,  a  township  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.    Pop.  2017. 

Plum'stcadville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Plumstead  town- 
ship, Bucks  CO.,  Pa.,  6  miles  N.  of  Doylestown.  It  has  a 
church. 

Plum  Tree,  a  post-office  of  Huntingdon  co.,  Ind. 

Plum  Tree,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.,  N.C. 

Plum  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Neb. 

Plum'ville,  a  post-village  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.,  in  South 
Mahoning  township,  14  miles  N.  of  Indiana,  and  about  60 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  several  churches,  a  steam 
fluur-mill,  and  a  planing-mill. 

Plunerct,  plii*n<jh-rA',  a  town  of  France,  in  Morbihai^ 
19  miles  E.S.E.  of  Loricnt. 

Plunk'ett,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co.,  Pa.,  about  23 
miles  N.E.  of  Williamsport. 

Plunkett's  Creek,  a  township  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa. 
Pop.  415. 

jPluscardine  (plOs-kar-deen')  Pri'ory,  an  ancient 
ruin  of  a  Cistercian  priory,  Scotland,  in  a  beautiful  valley 
of  the  same  name,  parish  and  5  miles  S.W.  of  Elgin. 

Pluvigner,  plUVeen^aiii',  a  town  of  France,  in  Mor- 
bihiin,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Vannes.     Pop.  1309. 

Plym,  plim,  a  river  of  England,  rises  in  Dartmoor 
Forest,  co.  of  Devon,  flows  S.S.W.,  and,  after  a  course  of  18 
miles,  falls  into  Plymouth  Sound  at  Plymouth. 

Plymouth,  plim'uth  (L.  Tamari  Oetia,  or  Phjmuthn), 
a  seaport  town  and  naval  station  in  England,  co.  of  Devon, 
on  the  E.  side  of  a  peninsula,  between  the  rivers  Plym  and 
Tamar,  at  the  head  of  Plymouth  Sound,  37  miles  S.W.  of 
Exeter,  with  which  it  communicates  by  railway.  Pop.  of 
borough  in  1891,  84,179.  Between  it  and  the  Sound  is  the 
Hoc,  a  fine  open  space,  surmounting  a  cliff,  on  which  is  the 
citadel,  a  bastioncd  fortress,  containing  a  governor's  reii- 
dence  and  extensive  barracks ;  in  this  direction  new  and 
handsome  streets  have  been  laid  out,  and  many  handsome 
terraces,  ranges  of  buildings,  and  detached  villas  have 
been  erected.  The  principal  edifices  in  the  town  are  the 
royal  hotel,  theatre,  utbenicum,  public  library,  royal  union 
baths,  freemasons'  hall,  exchange,  custom-house,  ])ost- 
office,  guild  hall,  jail,  several  hospitals,  barracks,  several 
parish  churches,  and  numerous  dissenting  chapels.  Ply- 
mouth is  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop's  see.  Its  institutions 
comprise  the  Western  College,  a  grammar-school,  the 
Natural  History  Society  of  Devon  and  Cornwall,  public, 
medical,  law,  and  theological  libraries,  and  a  mechanics'  in- 
stitute. It  has  a  branch  of  the  Bank  of  England,  and  sev- 
eral other  banks.  The  structures  connected  with  the  naval 
establishments  are  outside  of  the  town.  The  principal 
dock-yard  is  at  Devonport.  In  it  is  an  observatory,  com- 
manding a  noble  view.  The  naval  and  royal  military  hos- 
pitals at  Stonehouse,  the  victualling-yard,  the  gun-wliarf, 
and  the  military  prison  are  all  fine  stone  edifices.  Ply- 
mouth Harbor  is  double,  consisting  of  the  Ilamoaze,  or 
mouth  of  the  Tamar,  opposite  Devonport,  adapted  for  the 
largest  ships  of  war,  and  the  Catwater,  or  estuary  of  the 
Plym,  immediately  E.  of  Plymouth.  The  parts  of  the  port 
chiefly  appropriated  to  mercantile  shipping  are  Sutton  Pool 
and  Mill  Bay,  particularly  the  latter,  where  arc  extensive 
wet-docks,  'fhe  port,  however,  owes  its  chief  celebrity 
to  its  importance  as  a  great  naval  station.  (See  Plvmolth 
Sound.)     Plymouth  has  a  large  trade;  it  imports  a  good 


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PLY 


deal  of  West  India  colonial  produce,  and  timber  from  the 
Baltic  and  North  America,  and  it  has  manufactures  of  sail- 
cloth, refined  sugar,  glass,  soap,  and  starch,  a  large  distil- 
lery, and  extensive  pilchard  and  other  Osheries. 

Plymouth,  originally  a  fishing  village,  bore  under  the 
Saxons  the  name  of  Tamarworth,  which,  after  the  Conquest, 
was  changed  to  that  of  Sutton,  or  South-Town.  It  is  gov- 
erned by  a  mayor,  12  aldermen,  and  36  councillors,  and 
sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Flyniouth,  plim'uth,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of 
Iowa,  bordering  on  South  Dakota,  has  an  area  of  about  818 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Sioux  River, 
and  is  also  drained  by  Floyd's  River  and  the  West  Fork  of 
the  Little  Siou.x  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is 
diversified  with  prairies  and  groves.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Iowa  division  of  the  Illinois 
Central  Railroad  and  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  & 
Omaha  Railroad,  which  connect  at  Le  Mars,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  2199,-  in  1880,  8566;  in  1890,  19,568. 

Plymouth,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Massachusetts, 
has  an  area  of  about  671  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean  and  Cape  Cod  Bay,  and  on 
the  S.  by  Buzzard's  Bay.  It  has  several  good  harbors,  and 
great  facilities  for  navigation,  and  is  drained  by  the  Taun- 
ton and  North  Rivers.  The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly. 
Among  the  forest  trees  are  the  hickory,  ash,  elm,  and  sev- 
eral sj)ecies  of  oak.  Many  of  the  inhabitants  are  employed 
in  manufactures  of  boots  .and  shoes,  nails,  forged  and  rolled 
iron,  cordage,  t^ine,  and  other  articles.  It  is  intersected 
by  several  branches  of  the  Old  Colony  Railroad.  Capital, 
Plymouth.  Pop.  in  1870,  65,365  j  in  1875,  69,362;  in  1880, 
74,018;  in  1890,  92,700. 

Plymouth,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  cc,  Ark.,  about  15 
miles  N.W.  of  Ozark,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Plymouth,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Amador 
CO.,  Cal.,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Latrobe.  It  has  a  church,  a 
quartz-mill,  a  flouring-mill,  a  planing-mill,  and  general 
stores.    Gold  is  mined  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  768. 

Plymouth,  or  Plymouth  Hill,  a  post-village  in 
Plymouth  township,  Litchfield  co..  Conn.,  on  the  Naugatuck 
River  and  the  Naugatuck  Railroad,  2  miles  W.  of  the  Hart- 
ford, Providence  &  Fishkill  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Water- 
bury,  and  about  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Hartford.  It  has  4 
churches  and  a  graded  school.  The  township  contains 
another  village,  named  Terry  ville,  and  has  manufactures  of 
locks,  carriages,  hardware,  malleable  iron,  <Lc.,  and  quarries 
of  granite.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  2147. 

Plymouth,  a  post-village  in  Saint  Mary's  township, 
Hancock  co..  III.,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  <fc  Quincy 
Railroad,  40  miles  N.E.  of  Quincy.  It  has  a  banking- 
oSice,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  five  churches. 
Pop.  in  1890,  710. 

Plymouth,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Marshall  co.,  Ind., 
in  Centre  township,  on  the  Yellow  River,  and  on  the  In- 
dianapolis, Peru  &  Chicago  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  <fc  Chicago  Railroad,  30  miles  S.E. 
of  La  Porte,  118  miles  N.  of  Indianapolis,  and  64  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  contains  5  or  6  churches,  a 
state  bank,  a  national  bank,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  graded 
school,  flouring-  and  planing-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  2723. 

Plymouth,  a  post-village  in  Falls  township,  Cerro 
Gordo  CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Shellrock  River,  on  the  Burling- 
ton, Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad,  and  on  a  branch 
of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  8  miles 
N.E.  of  Mason  City,  and  28  miles  W.N.W.  of  Charles  City. 
It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Plymouth,  township,  Plymouth  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  275. 

Plymouth,  a  post-village  in  Pike  township,  Lyon  co., 
Kansas,  on  Cottonwood  River,  and  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka 
&  Santa  F6  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  Emporia. 

Plymouth,  township,  Russell  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  146. 

Plymouth,  a  post-village  in  Plymouth  township,  Pen- 

bscot  CO.,  Me.,  about  22  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Bangor,  and  3 

Siles  S.  of  East  Newport  Station  on  the  Maine  Central 

lailroad.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Pop.  of  the  township,  941. 

Plymouth,  a  post-town,  port  of  entry,  and  capital  of 
Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  on 
Plymouth  Harbor  or  Bay,  37  miles  S.S.E.  of  Boston,  with 
which  it  is  connected  by  the  Old  Colony  Railroad.  Lat. 
41"  57'  26"  N. ;  Ion.  70°  40'  19"  W.  It  is  the  oldest  town 
In  New  England,  and  is  celebrated  as  the  place  where  the 
Pilgrim  Fathers  landed  from  the  "  Mayflower,"  December 
tl,  1620.  A  small  mass  of  granite,  called  "  Plymouth 
Rook"  or  "  Forefathers'  Rock,"  on  Water  street,  marks  the 
place  of  landing.    The  most  remarkable  public  building  is 


the  Pilgrim  Hall,  a  granite  structure,  which  was  erected 
by  the  Pilgrim  Society  in  1824-25  and  contains  numerous 
relics  and  historical  paintings.  In  front  of  the  hall,  sur- 
rounded by  an  iron  fence,  is  a  detached  portion  of  "  Fore- 
fathers' Rock,"  which  has  been  removed  hither  from  the 
water-side.  Plymouth  contains  a  court-house,  a  town  hall, 
9  churches,  a  high  school,  2  national  banks,  2  savings- 
banks,  a  Large  hotel  called  the  Samoset  House,  and  print- 
ing-offices which  issue  2  weekly  newspapers  and  1  monthly 
periodical.  Here  are  also  several  iron-foundries  and  manu- 
fiictories  of  boots  and  shoes,  cotton  goods,  cordage,  stoves, 
nails,  tacks,  Ac.  Plymouth  has  several  vessels  employed  in 
the  fisheries.     Pop.  in  1880,  7093;  in  1890,  7314. 

Plymouth,    a    post-village    in    Plymouth    township, 
Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  West  Branch  of  Rouge  River,  and 
on   the  Detroit,   Lansing  <fc   Northern   Railroad  where  it 
crosses  the  Flint  &  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  23  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  Detroit,  and  about  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ann  Arbor. 
It  has  a  national  bank,  a  high  school,  4  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  ploughs,  fanning-mills,  and  corn-shellers. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1172;  of  the  township,  3950.     The  township 
contains  another  village  named  North  ville. 
Plymouth,  a  township  of  Hennepin  co.,  Minn.   P.  974. 
Plymouth,  a  station  of  the  St.  Louis  &  San  Franciscc 
Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Pierce  City,  Mo. 
Plymouth,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co..  Mo. 
Plymouth,  a  post-office  of  Jeflferson  co..  Neb. 
Plymouth,  a  post-village,  one  of  the  capitals  of  Gr.af- 
ton  CO.,  N.II.,  in  Plymouth  township,  on  the  Pemigewasset 
River,  at  the  mouth  of  Baker's  River,  and  on  the  Boston, 
Concord  &  Montreal  Railroad,  51  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Con- 
cord.    It   is   surrounded   by  attractive   scenery,  which  is 
visited  by  numerous  tourists.     It  contains  2  churches,  a 
first-class  hotel  which  has  150  rooms,  a  state  normal  school, 
a  manufactory  of  buckskin  gloves  and  mittens,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1852. 

Plymouth,  a  post-village  in  Plymouth  township,  Che- 
nango CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Auburn  Branch  of  the  New  York 
A  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Norwich,  and 
about  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Utica.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
cheese-factory.     Pop.  179  ;  of  the  township,  1348. 

Plymouth,  a  port  of  entry  and  the  capital  of  Wash- 
ington CO.,  N.C.,  in  Plymouth  township,  on  an  inlet  which 
opens  into  the  W.  end  of  Albemarle  Sound,  near  the  mouth 
of  the  Roanoke  River,  and  about  100  miles  in  a  direct  lino 
E.  of  Raleigh.  It  is  partly  supported  by  the  coasting- 
trade  and  fishing.  Cotton,  lumber,  Ac,  are  shipped  here  in 
steamboats.  Plymouth  has  an  academy,  a  newspaper  office, 
5  churches,  and  a  manufactory  of  lumber  and  shingles. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1212;  of  the  township,  3900. 
Plymouth,  a  township  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0.  Pop.  766. 
Plymouth,  a  post-village  in  Plymouth  township,  Rich- 
land CO.,  0.,  on  the  Huron  River,  and  on  the  Sandusky, 
Mansfield  A  Newark  Railroad,  35  miles  S.  of  Sandusky,  and 
19  miles  N.N.W.  of  Msviisfield.  It  contains  4  churches,  a 
national  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  union  school,  a  foundry, 
a  machine-shop,  and  manufactures  of  corn -planters,  furni- 
ture, and  picture- frames.  P.  (1890)  1133;  of  township,  1586. 
Plymouth  (Bartlett  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of  Vi  ashing- 
ton  CO.,  0.,  18  miles  AV.  of  Marietta.  It  has  a  church  and 
the  Bartlett  Academy,     Pop.  84. 

Plymouth,  a  post-borough  in  Plymouth  township,  Lu- 
zerne 00.,  Pa.,  in  the  Wyoming  Valley,  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Lackawanna  A 
Bloomsburg  Railroad,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Scranton,  and  3  or 
4  miles  below  Wilkesbarre.  Large  quantities  of  coal  are 
mined  near  this  place.  It  contains  a  national  bank,  a 
savings-bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  9  churches,  a  high  school, 
and  an  academy.  Pop.  in  1880,  6065 ;  in  1890,  9344.  The 
population  is  mostly  Welsh,  Irish,  and  German  miners. 
Plymouth,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  con- 
tiguous to  the  boroughs  of  Conshohocken  and  Norristown. 
It  contains  part  of  Plymouth  Meeting.     Pop.  2025. 

Plymouth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bo.^  Elder  co.,  Utah,  8 
miles  from  Hampton  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Plymouth,  a  post- village  in  Plymouth  township,  Wind- 
sor CO.,  Vt.,  about  14  miles  S.E.  of  Rutland.     It  has  a 
church  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1285. 
Plymouth,  a  township  of  Juneau  co.,  Wis.     P.  1438. 
Plymouth,  a  township  of  Rock  co.,  SVis.     Pop.  1242, 
Plymouth,  a  post-village  in  Plymouth  township,  She- 
boygan CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Mullet  River,  and  on  the  Wiscon- 
sin Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Sheboygan  A  Fond 
du  Lac  Railroad,  29  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Fond  du  Lac,  and  55 
miles  N.  of  Milwaukee.     It  contains  a  newspaper  office,  a 
bank,  several  hotels,  5  churches,  a  fiour-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  in 
1890,  860 ;  of  the  township,  1356. 


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Plymouth  Hill,  Connecticut    See  PLruouTH. 

Vlymoiitli  Junction,  h  station  of  the  Lackawanna  it 
Bloomsbur^  llnilrond,  1  inilo  N.C.  of  Plymouth,  I'a. 

Plymouth  Mcnt'ing,  a  post-villngo  of  Muntgoroory 
00.,  Pa.,  in  Wliiteiuiirsh  township,  on  the  Plymouth  urancn 
Ilailroad,  nt  Plymouth  Station,  3  miles  E.  of  Conitholiouken, 
ami  about  12  uiiloi)  N.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  Liia  2  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  liuio. 

Plymouth  Kock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Winneshiek  co., 
Iowa,  on  Upper  Iowa  River,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Decorah. 

Plymouth  Soundman  inlet  of  the  English  Chnnnel, 
between  the  cos.  of  Devon  and  Cornwall.  Length,  3  miles; 
breadth,  4  miles.  At  its  N.E.  and  N.W.  extremities  the 
Plym  and  Tamar  Rivers  enter  it,  forming  respectively  the 
harbors  opposite  Plymouth  and  Devonport.  On  its  E.  side 
is  Buvisand  Bay,  and  on  its  W.  are  Cawsand  Bay  and  Mount 
Edgecumbe.  It  contains  several  islands,  the  principal  being 
Mount  Batten,  with  a  fortification  immediately  oppcsite  the 
Iloe  of  Plymouth,  The  sound  is  ohiofly  important  as  a 
naval  station.  Hero  is  the  Plymouth  Breakwater,  a  granite 
and  marble  structure  1700  yards  in  length,  erected  at  an 
expense  of  about  £  1,500,000.  The  height  is  from  56  feet  to  80 
feet,  the  top  45  feet  broad,  and  on  the  W.  end  is  a  light- 
house, 6S  feet  above  the  platform.  The  entrance  into  the 
sound  is  guided  by  the  still  more  celebrated  Eddystone 
Light-House,  which  stands  on  a  large  cluster  of  rocks  in  the 
channel  opposite  to  it,  at  the  distance  of  14  miles. 

Plymouth  Union,  a  post-hamlet  in  Plymouth  town- 
ship, Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  10  miles  N.  of  Ludlow  Station.  It 
bos  a  liberal  institute. 

Plymp'ton,  a  post-village  of  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Plymi)ton  township,  7  or  8  miles  W.  of  Plymouth.  It  is  4 
miles  S.  of  Plympton  Station.  It  has  a  church  and  a  shoe- 
factory.     Pop.  of  the  township,  755. 

PI  ymp'tou  JUau'rice,  or  Earl's,  a  town  of  England, 
00.  of  Devon,  5  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Plymouth.     Pop.  1084. 

Plympton  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Plymouth  co., 
Mass.,  in  Plympton  and  Kingston  townships,  on  Silver 
Lake,  and  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  30  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Boston.  It  has  ft,  chapel,  and  manufactures  of  anchors, 
shoe-nails,  tacks,  match-cards,  and  lumber. 

Pnompenh,  p'nOm-pSn',  called  also  Panom^ping', 
Penom'ping',  Penom^pein',  and  Nam^wang',  a 
town  of  Indo-China,  capital  of  Cambodia,  on  the  Mekong, 
at  the  junction  of  the  Tale  Sab,  150  miles  N.W.  of  Saigon. 
It  has  a  royal  palace,  and  a  large  trade.     Pop.  20,000. 

Po,  po  (ano.  Pa'dut,  and  Erid' anus),  the  largest  river  of 
Italy,  irrigating,  with  its  aiiiucnts,  the  entire  plain  of  Pied- 
mont and  Lorabardy,  rises  in  Monte  Viso,  in  lat.  44°  38' 
N.,  Ion.  7°  10'  E.  It  flows  at  first  N.E.  to  Turin,  where  it 
makes  a  curve  E.S.E.  for  about  45  miles,  then  turns  N.  to 
receive  the  waters  of  the  Oglio,  and  thence  flows  mostly  E., 
with  a  very  tortuous  course,  to  the  Adriatic,  which  it  enters 
by  several  mouths  between  lat.  44°  48'  and  45°  1'  N.,  the 
principal  surnamed  the  Po  della  Maestra,  della  Toli,  di 
Goro,  and  di  Volano.  Total  estimated  length,  340  miles, 
of  which  about  280  are  navigable  for  large  barges  and  river 
steamers.  Principal  affluents  on  the  left,  the  Clusone,  Sesia, 
Ticino,  Olona,  Adda,  Oglio,  and  Mincio;  and  on  the  right, 
the  Maira,  Tanaro,  Trcbia,  Taro,  Parma,  Secchia,  and  Pa- 
naro.  The  Po  is,  in  many  parts  of  Lombardy,  above  the 
neighboring  plains :  below  Piacenza  it  is  enclosed  by  em- 
bankments formed  by  its  own  deposits  and  carefully  kept 
up  to  prevent  inundations  from  floods.  Its  current  in  the 
dry  season  is  sluggish,  but  in  spring  and  summer  rapid  and 
turbulent.  It  is  highly  useful  in  fertilizing  the  country, 
and  it  abounds  with  flsh. 

Po,  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Bo. 

Po,  Allen  CO.,  Ind.    See  Williamsport. 

Poage'8  (po'j^z)  Mill,  a  post-ofiSce  of  Roanoke  co., 
Va.,  9  miles  S.  of  Salem. 

Poast  Town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Cincinnati,  Hamilton  k  Dayton  Railroad,  40  miles  N.  of 
Cincinnati. 

Pobia  de  Claramant,  po'sli  dd,  klil-r&-m&nt',  a  vil- 
lage of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  N.W.  of  Barcelona.    Pop.  1279. 

Pobia  de  Lillet,  po'Bli  <lk  leel-y^t',  or  La  PobIa, 
lA.  po'uli,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  province  and  64 
miles  iV.N.W.  of  Barcelona.     Pop.  2058. 

Poblat,  a  town  of  Majorca.    See  Puebla. 

Poboleda,  po-no-l^'i)4,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Tarragona.     Pop.  1881. 

Po^cahou'tas,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of 
Iowa,  has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  The  West  Lork  of 
the  Des  Moines  River  touches  the  N.E.  part  of  this  county, 
which  is  also  drained  by  the  Lizard  River.  The  surface  is 
undulating.    The  soil  is  fertile.    Wheat,  Indian  corn,  and 


oats  ore  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Illinoil 
Central,  Chicago  it  Northwestern,  and  Chicago,  Rock  Island 
&  Pacific  Railroads.  Capital,  Pocahontas.  Pup.  in  1870 
144C;  in  1880,  3713;  in  1890,  9553.  ' 

Pocahontas,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  West  Vlr- 
ginia,  has  an  area  of  about  765  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Greenbrier  River,  which  rises  in  it,  and  by  the 
sources  of  the  Gaulcy  M^ver.  The  main  range  of  the  Alle- 
ghany Mountains  extends  along  the  S.E.  border  of  this 
county,  and  the  central  part  is  occupied  by  the  Urccubrier 
Mountain.  Here  are  large  forcKts  of  sugar-maple  and  other 
trees.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  Capital,  Hunters- 
ville,  situated  on  a  tributary  of  the  Grccnbiior  River. 
Pop.  in  1870,  4069;  in  1880,  6591;  in  1890,  0814. 

Pocahontas,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Randolph  co., 
Ark.,  on  the  Black  River,  about  56  miles  N.E.  of  Rutusville. 
It  hasanowcpnperoOice,  achurch,  and  a  flour-mill.  Steam- 
boats can  ascend  the  river  to  this  place.     Pop.  (1890)  507. 

Pocahontas,  a  post-village  in  Pocahontas  township, 
Bond  CO.,  III.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  k  Terre  Haute 
Railroad,  41  miles  E.N.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  It  baa  an 
academy,  a  public  hall,  a  flour-mill,  and  3  churches.  Pop, 
of  the  township,  1535.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Pocahontas,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pocahontas  oo., 
Iowa,  12  miles  N.  of  Pomeroy. 

Pocahontas,  a  post-hamlet  in  Shawnee  township, 
Cape  Girardeau  co..  Mo.,  about  100  miles  S.  by  E.  of  St. 
Louis.     Pop.  about  80. 

Pocahontas,  a  hamlet  of  Baker  oo.,  Oregon,  6  tnilei 
W.  of  Baker  City.     Gold  is  found  here. 

Pocahontas,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co.,  Pa.,  about 
14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cumberland,  Md. 

Pocahontas,  a  hamlet  of  Coffee  co.,  Tenn.,  12  milet 
N.  of  Manchester.     It  has  2  or  3  churches. 

Pocahontas,  a  post-village  of  Hardeman  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Ilatchee  River,  and  on  the  Meiiijihis  k  Charleston 
Ilailroad,  74  miles  E.  of  Memphis.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  225. 

Pocahontas,  a  village  of  Chesterfield  co.,  Va.,  sepa- 
rated from  Petersburg  by  the  river  Appomattox. 

Pocahontas,  a  post-town  of  Tazewell  co.,  Va.,  17J 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Lynchburg.  It  has  very  important 
mines  of  bituminous  coal,  and  is  a  thriving  place. 

Pocas'set,  a  post-villiige  in  Siindwich  township,  Barn- 
stable CO.,  Mass.,  on  Rod  Brook  Harbor,  an  arm  of  Bu»- 
zard's  Bay,  and  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  65  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Boston. 

Pocasset,  a  village  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  in  John- 
ston townshij),  4  miles  from  Olnoyville.     Pop.  iiboiit  200. 

PockMington,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  13  miles 
by  vail  E.S.E.  of  York,  East  Riding.     Pop.  (1891)  C143. 

Pockmouche,j)6k^moosh',  a  post- village  in  Gloucester 
CO.,  New  Brunswick,  59  miles  N.N.E.  of  Chatham.    P.  800. 

Pock'shaw,  a  post-village  in  Gloucester  co..  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  261  miles  from  Bathurst. 

Pocomoke  City,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co.,  Md., 
11  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Princess  Anne.  It  has  8  churches, 
a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  several  saw-  and  flour- 
mills,  and  carriage-factories.     Pop.  in  1890,  1866. 

Po'comoke  River  rises  in  the  S.  part  of  Sussex  co., 
Del.,  runs  S.  to  Snow  Hill,  Md.,  and  theneeS.W.,  and  enters 
Chesapeake  Bay.  It  is  nearly  70  miles  long.  Sloops  can 
ascend  it  35  miles  during  high  tide. 

Pocon6,  po-ko-ni',  a  small  town  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Matto-Grosso,  on  a  height,  60  miles  S.W.  of  Cuyabd. 

Po'cono,  or  Po'kono,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Pa. 
Pop.  1119.     It  contains  Tannersville. 

Pocono,  or  Pokono,  a  post-village  in  Coolbaugh 
township,  Monroe  co..  Pa.,  on  or  near  the  Pocono  Moun- 
tain, 31  miles  S.E.  of  Scranton.  It  has  a  hotel,  a  steam 
saw-mill,  and  about  20  houses.  It  is  on  the  Delaware, 
Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad. 

Pocono  (or  Pokono)  Creek,  of  Monroe  co.,  Pa., 
falls  into  Brodhead's  Creek. 

Pocono  (or  Pokono)  Mountain,  Pennsylvania,  is 
a  long  ridge  in  Monroe  and  Carbon  cos.,  about  15  miles 
N.W.  of  the  Kittatinny  Mountain. 

Pocop'son,  a  station  in  Pocopson  township,  Chester 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Wilmington  k  Reading  Railroad,  18  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Wilmington,  Del.     Pop.  of  the  township,  573. 

Pocotal'go,  township,  Beaufort  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1922. 

Pocotal'igo,  a  post-office  of  Kanawha  co.,  W.  Va., 
near  the  Pocotaligo  River,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Charleston, 

Pocotaligo  River,  West  Virginia,  rises  in  Roane  co., 
runs  southwestward  through  Kanawha  co.,  and  enters  the 
Great  Kanawha  River  on  the  E.  border  of  Putnam  co. 

Poczinka,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Potciii.nki. 


POD 


2185 


POI 


Podeljrad,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Podiebrad. 

Podfcnsac,  po'dd.v^sik',  a  village  of  Franco,  in 
Gironde,  on  the  Garonne,  and  on  a  railway,  16  miles  S.E. 
of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  1681. 

Podenzano,  po-d4n-zi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  7  miles  S. 
of  Piaccnza,  with  2  churches,  a  monastery,  and  a  hospital. 
Pop.  of  coiinnune,  3152. 

Podgora,  pod-go'ri,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Dalmatia, 
circle  of  S])alato.     Pop.  1009. 

Podgoritza,  pod-go-rit'si,  a  town  of  Montenegro,  38 
miles  N.  of  Scutari.  Pop.  6UU0.  A  few  miles  N.  are  the 
remains  of  the  ancient  Dioclea,  consisting  of  ruined  tem- 
ples, and  the  bed  of  an  aqueduct  about  12  miles  in  length. 

Podgorze,  pod-gort'/.i,  or  Josephstadt,  yo'z^f- 
fititt\  a  town  of  Austrian  Gaiicia,  separated  by  the  Vistula 
from  Cracow.     Pop.  1760. 

Podgraje,  a  town  of  Dalmatia.    See  Assekia. 

Podiebrad,  po'dee-brid\  written  also  Podebrad,  a 
town  of  liohemia,  on  the  Elbe,  and  on  a  railway,  4  miles 
fe.E.  of  Nimburg.     Pop.  3837. 

Po  di  Priinaro,  po  dee  pre-mi'ro,  a  river  of  Italy,  in 
Emilia,  a  continuation  of  the  Reno,  which  assumes  this 
name  at  Traghetto.  Its  lower  course  is  nearly  E.S.E.,  past 
Argenta,  and  it  enters  the  Adriatic  at  Porto  di  Primaro,  13 
miles  N.K.  of  Ravenna.     Entire  length,  120  miles. 

Podkaniien,  pod'kam-y5n  or  pod'ki-meen\  a  town 
of  Austrian  Gaiicia,  E.  by  N.  of  Lemberg.     Pop.  2730. 

Podlachia,  pod-15.'ke-^,  or  Podola'chia,  a  former 
palatinate  of  Poland,  bounded  on  the  N.  and  E.  by  the 
Bug,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Vistula.  It  apjjeara  at  one 
time  to  have  corresponded  nearly  to  the  present  province 
of  Sicdlec,  but  anciently  its  limits  were  more  extensive. 

Pudoiia,  po-do'le-a,  or  Podolsk,  po-dolsk',  a  gov- 
ernment of  Russia,  mostly  between  lat.  47°  30'  and  49°  45' 
N.  and  Ion.  26°  25'  and  30°  48'  E.,  having  W.  Gaiicia. 
Area,  16,558  square  miles.  Pop.  1,933,188.  The  principal 
rivers  are  the  Dniester,  forming  its  S.W.  boundary,  and  the 
Bug.  Surface  generally  level.  Soil  fertile,  raising  corn, 
hemp,  flax,  hops,  tobacco,  and  various  fruits.  Many  cattle 
of  tine  breeds  are  sent  into  Gaiicia  and  Germany.  The 
mineral  products  comprise  nitre,  lime,  and  alabaster. 
Manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  leather,  and  potash  are  car- 
ried on,  and  there  are  many  distilleries.  Principal  towns, 
Kamicniee,  Moheelev,  and  Vinnitsa.  This  region  was 
acqiiired  from  Poland  in  1793, 

Podolin,  a  town  of  Hungary,    See  Pudleix, 

Podolsk,  po-dolsk',  or  Podol,  po-dol',  a  town  of  Rus- 
sia, 20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Moscow.     Pop.  10,973, 

Podor,  ])oMor',  a  village  of  West  Africa,  in  Senegam- 
bia,  built  by  the  French  in  1743,  on  the  Senegal.  Lat,  16° 
35'  N. ;  Ion.  15°  W.     Pop.  1019. 

Poe,  po,  a  post-office  of  Medina  eo.,  0. 

Poe,  a  post-office  of  Beaver  eo..  Pa.,  about  30  miles  W. 
of  Pittsburg. 

Poel,  or  Pol,  pol,  an  island  of  North  Germany,  in 
Mccklenburg-Schwerin,  in  the  Gulf  of  Lubeck,  Baltic,  4 
miles  K.  of  Wismar.     Length  and  breadth,  6  miles  each. 

Poerbolingo,  a  town  of  .Java.     See  Pkoboi.ingo. 

Poestenkill,  poos't§n-kilP,  a  small  river  of  Rensse- 
laer CO.,  New  York,  falls  into  the  Hudson  at  Troy. 

Poestcnkill,  a  post-village  in  Poestenkill  township, 
Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  about  10  miles  N.E.  of  Albany,  and 
8  miles  S.E,  of  Troy.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  cotton-bat 
fiictory.  The  township  contains  another  village,  named 
East  l^estenkill,  and  a  hamlet  named  Barberville,  and  has 
a  pop.  of  1727, 

Poeville,  po'vll,  a  mining-camp  of  Washoe  co.,  Nev., 
11  miles  N.W.  of  Reno.     It  has  a  quartz-mill. 

Pogar,  po-gaii',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  119 
miles  N.E.  of  Chernigov.     Pop.  4487. 

Poggia  a  Cajaiio,  jwd'ja  K  kd-yd'no,  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  the  Val  Ouibrone,  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Florence. 

Poggibonsi,  pod-je-bon'see,  a  town  of  Italy,  19  miles 
S.  of  Florence.     Pop.  of  commune,  7337. 

Poggio,  pod'jo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  18 
miles  S.E.  of  Mantua.     Pop.  of  commune,  4947. 

Poggio  Realc,  pod'jo  rd-i'li,  a  town  of  Sicily,  32 
miles  S.E.  of  Trapani.     Pop.  3673. 

l*og'gy  Isles,  North  and  South,  two  contiguous 
islands  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  60  miles  S.W.  of  Su- 
matra.    Lat.  2°  32'  S. ;  Ion.  99°  37'  E. 

Pogitel,  a  picturesque  fortified  village  of  Herzegovina, 
on  the  Narenta,  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mostar, 

Pogorjelojc-<Jorodischtch6.  See  GonomsciiTCHfi, 

Poliat'cong  (or  Pohat'chiink)  Creek,  of  Warren 
50.,  N..J.,  flows  S.W.,  and  enters  the  Delaware  River  8  miles 
below  Easton, 
138 


Pohe'ta,  a  post-office  of  Saline  co.,  Kansas,  9  miles  S. 
of  Solomon  City. 

Pohonee,  a  town  of  India.     See  Pownee. 

Polio'no  or  Bridal  Veil  Fall,  a  cataract  in  tha 
Yosemite  Valley,  Cal.,  is  formed  by  a  small  affluent  which 
enters  the  Merced  River  near  the  lower  end  of  the  valley. 
The  height  of  the  fall  is  about  900  feet  perpendicular.  The 
water  is  dissipated  into  mist  before  it  reaches  the  bottom. 

Poictiers,  a  town  of  France.    See  Poitieus. 

Poictou,  a  province  of  France.     See  Poitoii, 

Poiu'dex'ter,  a  post-office  of  Schley  co,,  Ga.,  15  miiei 
W.  of  Oglethorpe. 

Poindextcr,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co.,  Ky. 

Poindexter's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Louisa  co.,  Va 

Poin'set,  a  post-office  of  Hamlin  co.,  S.D. 

Poin'sett,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Arkansas. 
Area,  720  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
St.  Francis  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests.  The  soil  produces  a  little 
cotton  and  Indian  corn.  It  is  traversed  by  the  St.  Louis, 
Iron  Mountain  <fe  Southern  Railroad.  Capital,  Harrisburg. 
Pop.  in  1870,  1720;  in  1880,  2192;  in  1890,  4272. 

Point,  a  township  of  Calhoun  eo..  111.,  on  the  Missis* 
sippi  and  Illinois  Rivers,     Pop,  1651, 

Point,  a  township  of  Posej-  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  980.  It  is 
thcsouthwesternmost  township  in  the  state. 

Point,  a  township  of  Northumberland  co..  Pa.     P.  933. 

Point  Abino,  i-bee'no,  Ber'tie,  or  Kidgcway,  a 
post-village  in  Welland  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railway  (Buffalo  division),  9  miles  from  Buffalo,  N.Y'.  It 
contains  a  saw-mill,  an  iron-foundry,  a  cheese- factory,  and 
several  stores.  Pop.  660,  The  station  is  called  Bertie,  the 
post-office  Point  Abino, 

Point  Adams,  Oregon.     See  Abams  Point, 

Point  a  la  Ilache,  k  li  hAsh,  a  post-village,  capital 
of  Plaquemines  parish.  La.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Missis- 
sip])i  River,  along  which  it  extends  several  miles,  about  40 
miles  below  New  Orleans.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  3 
rice-mills,  and  a  church. 

Point-si-Pitre,  La.    See  La  PoisTE-A-PiTRR. 

Point  Arena,  Mendocino  co.,  Cal.  See  PuiNta  Arenas. 

Point  au  Per  (Fr.  pron.  pwilNt  o  fain),  is  on  the  E. 
side  of  the  entrance  to  Atcliafalnya  Bay,  La. 

Point  Au  Uock,  a  post-office  of  Clinton  co.,  N.Y'. 

Point  Barrow.    See  Amkrica. 

Point  Blulf',  a  post-village  of  Adams  co.,  Wis.,  on  the 
Wisconsin  River,  about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Portage. 

Point  Bonita,  bo-nee'ta,  is  the  S.  extremity  of  Marin 
CO.,  Cal.,  and  is  on  the  N.  side  of  the  Golden  Gate,  about  3^ 
miles  N.  of  Point  Lobos. 

Point  Brule,  brooMi',  a  post-village  in  Colchester  co., 
Nova  Scotia,  on  Minas  Basin,  30  miles  from  Truro.  P.  400, 

Point  Cardinal,  Ontario.    See  Edwaudsuurg. 

Point  Cas'well,  a  post-village  of  Pender  co.,  N.C., 
on  the  navigable  Black  River,  20  miles  by  land  and  35  miles 
by  water  N.N.W,  of  Wilmington.  It  has  a  church,  3  stores, 
a  distillery  of  turpentine,  and  a  saw-mill.  A  steamboat 
plies  between  this  place  and  Wilmington. 

Point  Ce'dar,  a  post-office  of  Clark  co..  Ark.,  about 
70  miles  W.S.W.  of  Little  Rock. 

Point  Clear,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort  of  Bald- 
win CO.,  Ala.,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Mobile  Bay,  18  miles  S.JiJ. 
of  Mobile. 

Point  Com'merce,  a  hsimlet  of  Greene  co.,  Ind.,  on 
White  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Eel  River,  J  mile  from 
Worthington. 

Point  Conception,  California,  See  Cape  Concet'tioi*. 

Point  (or  Pointe)  Coup6e,  koo-pee',  a  parish  of 
Louisiana,  near  the  middle  of  the  state.  Area,  600  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Mississippi  River, 
and  on  the  W.  by  the  Atchafalaya  Bayou,  The  N.  part  of 
this  parish  is  adjacent  to  the  mouth  of  Red  River.  The 
surface  is  level  and  low,  subject  to  inundation,  and  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton, 
sugar,  and  maize  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  traveiscd 
bv  the  Texas  &  Pacific  Riiilroad.  Capital,  New  Roads, 
Pop.  in  1870,  12,981;  in  1880,  17,785;  in  1890,  19,613. 

Point  (or  Pointe)  Coup6e,  a  post-village  of  Point 
Coupfie  parish.  La.,  on  the  right  or  W.  bank  of  the  Missis- 
sippi River,  about  30  miles  above  Baton  Rouge.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office. 

Point  de  Galle,  Ceylon,    See  Gali.e. 

Point  Douglas,  dug'las,  a  post-village  of  Washing- 
ton CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  just  above  the 
mouth  of  the  St.  Croix,  and  opposite  Hastings.  It  has  a 
church  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  spring  beds. 

Pointe  a  Cavagnol,  Quebec.     See  Hudson. 


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.    Point  East'ernt  a  po«t-offico  of  Caroline  co.,  Va. 

Pointe  nu  Uouleau  (Fr.  pron.  pw&Nt  S  booMO'),  or 
Duck  Iliver,  a  post-village  in  Oharlevuix  oo.,  Qiiciboc, 
at  tbo  outlet  of  the  Saguenuy  Kivor,  opposite  Todousao,  27 
luileK  from  .Murray  Buy.     Pop.  160. 

Pointe  aux  Pcaux  (Fr.  pron.  pw&xt  0  pO),  a  Bummer 
rsBort  in  Frenchtown  township,  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  on  or 
near  Lake  Erie. 

Pointe  aux  Trembles  en  Bas,  pw&Nt  6  trAu'b'l 
cAm*  b&,  a  post-village  in  Portneuf  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  N. 
.•hore  of  the  8t.  Lawrence,  19  miles  S.  of  Quebec.     Pop.  6U0. 

Pointe  aux  Trembles  en  Ilaut,  pw&Nt  0  trdM'b'l 
iAn«  ho,  a  post-village  in  llochelaga  co.,  Quebec,  on  the 
island  of  Montreal,  lU  miles  below  Montreal.  It  contains 
a  French  Protestant  college  and  several  stores.     Pop.  400. 

Pointe  aux  Vaches,  pw&Nt  0  v&sh,  a  headland  on 
the  N.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  a  short  distance  below  the 
Uiouth  of  the  river  Sagucnay. 

Pointe  Claire«  pw&.vt  klair,  a  village  of  Quebec,  cap- 
ital of  the  00.  of  Jacques  Carticr,  on  the  island  of  Mon- 
treal, on  the  N.  shore  of  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  and  on  the 
Grand  Trunk  Railway,  14^  miles  from  Montreal.    Pop.  461. 

Pointe  de  Meuron,  pw&st  d$h  muh^rdiN*',  on  the 
Kaminititiquia  River,  in  the  district  of  Thunder  Bay,  On- 
tario, 8  miles  above  Fort  William. 

Pointe  de  Monts,  pw&Nt  d^h  mAN<>,  a  headland  on 
the  N.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  co.  of  Saguonay,  Quebec. 
Lat.  49°  19'  35"  N. ;  Ion.  67°  21'  65"  W.  On  it  is  a  light- 
house. This  is  a  depot  of  provisions  for  shipwrecked 
mariners. 

Pointe  du  Bnte^  pw&xt  dii  but,  a  village  in  West- 
moreland CO.,  New  Brunswick,  5  miles  from  Sackville. 

Pointe  du  Chene,  pwi.vt  dU  shain,  a  post-settlement 
in  the  district  of  Provencher,  Manitoba,  on  the  Pointe  des 
Chcnes  River,  30  miles  E.  of  Winnipeg.  It  contains  a 
ehurch,  a  ilouring-mill,  and  2  stores.  The  population  is 
composed  of  about  100  families. 

Pointe  du  Chene*  a  seaport  town  of  New  Brunswick, 
CO.  of  Westmoreland,  on  Northumberland  Strait,  at  the 
N.E.  terminus  of  the  Shcdiac  Branch  of  the  Intercolonial 
Railway,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Shediac.  It  has  a  light-house 
and  long  piers  for  shipping.  Pop.  150.  Here  is  Shediac 
Railway  Station. 

Pointe  du  Lac«  pw4.Nt  dii  lik,  a  post-village  in  St. 
Maurice  co.,  Quebec,  at  the  E.  end  of  Lake  St.  Peter,  81 
•miles  N.N  E.  of  Montreal.     Pop.  500. 

Point  Ed'ward,  formerly  Port  Sar'nia,  a  post- 
village  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Lambton,  on  the  St.  Clair  River, 
near  Lake  Huron,  and  at  the  Canada  terminus  of  the  Grrand 
Trunk  Railway,  2  miles  from  Sarnia,  and  168  miles  W.  of 
.Toronto.  It  contains  9  stores,  5  hotels,  and  2  saw-mills. 
Fort  Gratiot,  Michigan,  is  immediately  opposite.  A  steam 
ferry  plies  between  the  two  places.     Pop.  (1891)  1882. 

Pointe  For'tune,  a  post-village  in  Vaudreuil  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  Ottawa,  45  miles  N.W.  of  Montreal.  P.  100. 
.  Point  £scuminac,  es'koo'me^n^k',  the  S.E.  point 
jof  Miramichi  Bay,  New  Brunswick.  Lat.  47°  4'  32"  N. ; 
Ion.  64°  47'  30"  W,     On  it  is  a  light-house. 

Point  Farm,  a  post-office  of  Terre  Bonne  parish.  La., 
10  miles  S.E.  of  Houma. 

Point  Gallinas,  g41-yee'nis,  the  northernmost  point 
of  South  America.     Lat.  12°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  about  71°  40'  W. 

Point  Isabel,  iz'a-bel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co., 
Ind.,  about  40  miles  S.E,  of  Logansport.    It  has  2  churches. 

Point  Isabel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Cumberland  River,  and  on  the  Cincinnati  Southern 
Bailroad.     It  bas  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Point  Isabel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  35 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  160. 

Point  Isabel,  a  village  of  Cameron  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Laguna  del  Madre,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Brownsville,  and  4 
miles  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  The  Rio  Grande  Railroad 
.extends  hence  to  Brownsville. 

Point  Jefferson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morehouse  parish, 
La.,  on  Bartholomew  Bayon,  40  miles  N.E.  of  Monroe. 

Point  Ju'dith,  the  W.  side  of  the  entrance  to  Narra- 
gansctt  Bay,  R.I.  It  has  a  revolving  light,  60  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  sea.     Lat.  41°  21'  35"  N.;  Ion.  71°  29'  18"  W. 

Point  Levi,  Quebec.     See  Levis. 

Point  Lobos,  lo'boce  (i.e.,  "Seals'  Point"),  California, 
is  on  the  S.  side  of  the  Golden  Gate,  about  6  miles  W.  of 
San  Francisco. 

Point  Look'out,  a  post-office  of  St.  Mary's  co.,  Md., 
on  Chesapeake  Bay,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Potomac  River,  80 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Washington,  D.C.  It  is  a  terminus  of  the 
route  of  the  Washington  City  &  Point  Lookout  Railroad. 


Point  Lookout,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Pa., 
about  5  miles  S.W.  of  Washington. 

Point  Malcolm,  markuin,a  headland  on  the  S.  coart 
of  Australia,  near  lat.  33°  48'  S.,  Ion.  123°  40'  E. 

Point  MarU>lehend',  a  post-village  in  Dunbury 
township,  Ottawa  co.,  0.,  on  Lake  Erie,  about  7  miles  N. 
of  Sandusky.  It  has  3  churches  and  several  quarries  of 
limestone,  large  quantities  of  which  are  exported.  A  light- 
house has  been  erected  here. 

Point  Mar'ion,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Monongahela  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Cheat,  16 
miles  S.W.  of  Uniontown.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill, 
and  a  planin^-mill. 

Point  Michaux,  me^sho',  a  fishing-settlement  in 
Richmond  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  17  miles  from  St.  Peters. 

Point  Mount'nin,  post-office,  Randolph  co.,  W.  Va. 

Point  Aluz'crall,  a  headland  on  the  N.  side  of  the 
entrance  to  Portage  River,  Kent  co..  New  Brunswick. 

Point  of  Air  (or  Ayre),  the  N.  point  of  the  Isle  of 
Man,  with  a  light-house.     Lat.  54°  25'  N.;  Ion.  4°  26'  W. 

Point  of  Air,  in  Flintshire,  Wales,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Dee.     Lat.  53°  21'  26"  N.;  Ion.  3°  19'  14"  W. 

Point  of  Itocks,  a  post-village  of  Frederick  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Potomac  River,  and  on  the  Baltimore  &  Oliio  Kail- 
road,  69  miles  W.  of  Baltimore,  and  43  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Washington.  It  is  a  terminus  of  the  Metropolitan  Branch 
of  that  railroad.  It  has  3  churches.  Here  is  a  tunnel 
860  feet  long.  Pop.  about  400.  The  Potomac  here  passes 
through  the  Catoctin  Mountain. 

Point  of  Rocks,  a  station  of  the  Union  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 40  miles  E.  of  Green  River  City,  Wyoming. 

Point  of  Tim'ber,  a  post-hamlet  of  Contra  Costa 
CO.,  Cal.,  50  miles  E.  of  San  Francisco.     It  has  2  churches. 

Point  Palinnro,  Italy.     Sec  Capk  Palinuro. 

Point  Palmyra.     See  Palm yu as  Point. 

Point  Pe'dro  (native,  Pojin  Puduruwu),  a  town  at  the 
N.  point  of  Coylon,  or  rather  on  a  long  low  island  closely 
skirting  the  Ceylon  shore.  It  is  20  miles  N.E.  of  JafTna- 
patam.  It  has  a  tolerably  secure  harbor,  and  a  large  trade 
by  sea.  The  town  is  regular  and  well  built,  and  is  noted 
for  the  fine  gardens  in  its  environs. 

Point  Pe'le  (or  Pe'lee),  or  South  Foreland,  a 
headland  of  Canada,  in  Lake  Erie,  E.  of  Pigeon  Bay.  It  is 
about  7  miles  long  by  2  miles  broad.  On  its  point  is  a 
light-house.  S.W.  of  the  point  lies  Point  Pelee  Island,  the 
largest  island  in  Lake  Erie. 

Point  Penin'snia,  a  post-hamlet  in  "Lyvao  township, 
Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Lake  Ontario,  about  18  miles  W.  of 
Watertown. 

Point  Pe'ter,  a  post-office  of  Searcy  co..  Ark. 

Point  Peter,  a  post-office  of  Oglethorpe  co.,  Qa.j 
about  27  miles  E.  of  Athens. 

Point  Peter,  a  post-village  in  Prince  Edward  oo., 
Ontario,  on  Lake  Ontario,  at  the  entrance  to  Peter's  Bay 
12  miles  from  Picton.     Lat.  43°  51'  N.;  Ion.  77°  14'  W. 

Point  Peter,  the  N.E.  point  of  Malbaio  and  the  S. 
point  of  Gasp6  Bay,  Quebec.  • 

Point  Pleasant,  plez'ant,  a  township  of  Warren  co., 
111.     Pop.  1004. 

Point  Pleasant,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hardin  co.,  lowa^ 
8  miles  W.  of  Eldora,  and  about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Mar; 
shalltown.     It  has  2  churches.  '' 

Point  Pleasant,  a  hamlet  of  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa,  19 
miles  N.E.  of  Oskaloosa.     It  has  a  church. 

Point  Pleasant,  a  post-village  of  Ohio  co.,  Ky.,  on 
or  near  Green  River,  2J  miles  from  Island  Station.  It  has 
2  churches. 

Point  Pleasant,  a  post-office  of  Tensas  parish,  La, 

Point  Pleasant,  a  post-village  of  New  Madrid  co.. 
Mo.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  60  miles  by  land 
S.S.W.  of  Cairo.     It  has  a  church. 

Point  Pleasant,  a  post-village  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Manasquan  River,  about  16  miles  S.  of  Long  Branch, 
and  1  mile  from  Uie  ocean.  It  has  2  churches.  See  also 
Point  Pleasant,  Pa. 

Point  Pleasant,  a  post-village  in  Monroe  township, 
Clermont  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  25  miles  above  Cin- 
cinnati. It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  a  liuiestonc- 
quarry,  <fec.     General  U.  S.  Grant  was  born  here.     P.  137. 

Point  Pleasant,  a  village  in  Valley  township,  Guern- 
sey CO.,  0,,  near  Wills  Creek,  and  on  the  Marietta,  Pittsburg 
<fc  Cleveland  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Eastern  Ohio 
Railroad,  49  miles  N.  of  Marietta.  It  has  a  woollen-mill 
and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  238.     Here  is  Dyson's  Post-Oflioc. 

Point  Pleasant,  a  post-village  in  Tinicum  township, 
Bucks  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Cel- 
videre  Delaware  Railroad,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Trenton,  and 


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36  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill.     Its  station  is  in  New  Jersey. 

Point  Pleasant,  a  post-office  of  Bland  co.,  Va.,  25 
miles  W.  of  Dublin  Railroad  Station. 

Point  Pleasant,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Mason  co., 
W.  Va.,  is  on  the  Ohio  lliver,  just  above  the  mouth  of  the 
Kanawha  Rivor,  80  miles  below  Parkersburg,  and  4  miles 
above  Gallipolis,  0.  It  has  a  court-house,  6  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  national  bank,  and  manufactures  of 
machinery,  barrels,  flour,  lumber,  <fec.     Pop.  in  1890,  1853. 

Point  Pleasant,  a  headland  at  the  entrance  of  the 
Bay  of  Quintc,  Prince  Edward  Co.,  Ontario.  On  it  is  a 
light-house. 

Point  Prim,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co..  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  29  miles  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  150. 

Point  Uaz,  France.     See  Bec-du-Raz. 

Point  Iteinove,  rc-moov',  a  post-ottice  of  Faulkner 
CO.,  Ark.,  on  the  Arkansas  River,  and  on  the  Little  Rock  it 
Fort  Smith  Railroad,  55  miles  N.W.  of  Little  Rock. 

Point  Remove  Creek,  Arkansas,  drains  the  W. 
part  of  Conway  co.,  and  enters  the  Arkansas  River  from 
the  N..  about  2  miles  above  Lewisburg. 

Point  lleyes,  rd'Ss,  township,  Marin  co,  Cal.     P.  271. 

Point  liock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oneida  oo.,  N.Y.,  in 
Lee  township,  13  miles  N.  of  Rome.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  elieese-factory. 

Point  Romania,  ro-mi-nee'S,,  the  S.E.  extremity  of 
the  Malay  Peninsula.     Lat.  1°  22'  N. ;  Ion.  104°  16'  E. 

Point  Sa'ble<  a  post-office  of  Mason  co.,  Mich. 

Point  Saint  Charles,  a  suburb  of  Montreal.  It 
contains  the  head  offices  and  chief  workshops  of  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railway  Company. 

Point  Saint  Ig^nace',  a  post-hamlet  of  Mackinac 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Strait  of  Mackinac,  40  miles  N.  of  Pe- 
toskey.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Point  Saint  Pe'ter,  a  post-village  in  GaspS  co., 
Quebec,  at  the  western  extremity  of  Gaspl  Bay.    Pop.  100. 

Point  Sambar.     See  Cape  Sambar. 

Point  Sapin,  s4^peen',  a  post-village  in  Kent  eo.,  New 
B^un^5wick,  near  the  entrance  to  Kouchibouguao  Bay,  28 
miles  from  Richibucto.  Here  is  one  of  the  best  ealmon- 
fishcrics  in  the  province.     Pop.  250. 

Point  Trav'erse,  or  Long  Point,  a  post-village 
in  Prince  Edward  co.,  Ontario,  17  miles  from  Picton. 

Point  Trnth,  a  post-office  of  Russell  co.,  Va. 

Point'viile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  2 
miles  from  Wrightstown  Station,  and  about  20  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Trenton.     It  has  a  church. 

Point  Wnsh'ington,  post-office,  Washington  co.,  Fla. 

Point  Wolf,  a  post-village  in  Albert  co.,  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  35  miles  from  Penobsquis. 

Poire,  pwi^ri',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vendee,  7  miles 
N.W.  of  La  Roche-sur-Yon.     Pop.  653. 

Poirino,  poi-ree'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  14 
miles  S.E.  of  Turin.     Pop.  6391. 

Poisciiwitz,  poish'wits,  Oder,  o'ber,  and  Niedrr, 
nee'dQr,  two  nearly  contiguous  villages  of  Prussia,  in  Silesia, 
government  and  12  miles  S.  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  1975. 

Poisdorl',  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Porsnoup. 

Poissy,  pwis'see',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-et-Oise, 
on  the  left  bank  of  the  Seine,  and  on  the  railway  to  Rouen, 
10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Versailles.  Pop.  4677.  It  has  a  house 
of  correction,  and  a  cnttle-markct  for  the  supply  of  Paris. 

Poitiers,  or  Poictiers,  poi-teerz'  (Fr.  pron.  pwi^- 
to-i,',  almost  pwiHe-i' ;  anc. /<tmo')(i(OT  or  Lemu'num,  after- 
wards Plc't(iol),  a  town  of  France,  capital  of  the  department 
"  Vienne,  on  the  Clain,  and  on  the  railway  to  Bordeaux, 
iO  miles  S.S.W.  of  Tours.  Pop.  31,692.  It  is  enclosed  by 
old  walls,  and  has  several  old  churches,  a  castle,  an  noadimie 
unioemifnire,  a  college  (li/cee),  hospitals,  a  public  library 
of  25,000  volumes,  theatre,  botanic  garden,  manufactures 
of  woollen  goods,  hosiery,  lace,  hats,  gloves,  leather,  oil, 
(tc,  some  trade  in  corn,  wool,  and  wine,  and  3  annual  fairs. 
Poitiers,  anciently  the  capital  of  the  Pictuues,  came  by  mar- 
riage into  the  possession  of  the  dukes  of  Normandy,  and 
was  for  three  centuries  attached  to  the  crown  of  England. 
It  was  the  scene  of  .a  signal  victory,  gained  September  9, 
1356,  over  the  French  by  the  English  under  Edward  the 
Black  Prince,  who  captured  John,  King  of  France. 

Poitou,  or  Poictou,  poi-too'  (Fr.  pron.  pw4'too'),  a 
former  province  of  France,  now  divided  among  the  depart- 
ments of  Vienne.  Deux-Sevres,  Vendee,  Indre-et-Loire,  and 
Charente.     Capital,  Fontenay. 

Poix,  pwi,  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  14  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Avesnos.     Pop.  2057. 

Poix,  a  town  of  France,  in  Somme,  15  miles  S.E.  of 
Amiens.     Pop.  1194. 


Pojuaque,  po-Hw3,'k4,  a  post-office  of  Santa  F6  co., 
New  Mexico. 

Po'kagon,  a  post-village  in  Pokagon  township,  Cn»S 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  6  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Niles,  and  41  miles  S.W.  of  Kalamazoo.  It  has 
a  church,  a  union  school,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  saw-mil). 
Pop.  228;  of  the  township,  1941. 

Pokeepsie,  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.    See  Pougiikerpsib, 

Pokhurn',  a  walled  town  of  India,  state  and  80  mile» 
N.W.  of  Joodpoor.     Pop.  15,000. 

Pokono,  Monroe  co..  Pa.     See  Pocono. 

Pokrov,  or  Pokrow,  pok-rov',  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  62  miles  W.S.W.  of  Vladimeer,  near  the 
Kliasma.     Pop.  2886. 

Pokrovskaia,  or  PokroAVsknja,  pok-rov-skl'ii,  » 
town  of  Russia,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Saratov,  on  the  Volga. 

Po^kur',  or  PushMiar',  a  town  of  India,  district  and 
6  miles  N.W.  of  Ajmeer.  It  is  a  place  of  pilgrimage,  and 
is  noted  for  its  temples,  chief  of  which  is  one  to  Bralima. 
said  to  be  the  only  one  in  India.     Pop.  4334. 

Piil,  an  island  in  the  Baltic.     See  Poel. 

Fola,  po'li  (anc.  Po'la,  or  Pi'etas  Ju'lia),  a  maritime 
town  of  Austro-IIungary,  near  the  S.  extremity  of  the 
peninsula  of  Istria,  19  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rovigno.  Pop. 
10,473.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  a  cathedral  on  the 
site  of  an  ancient  temple,  3  Greek  churches,  some  convents, 
and  one  of  the  best  harbors  on  the  Adriatic.  Under  the 
emperor  Septimius  Severus  it  had  a  population  of  30,000, 
and  contained  numerous  splendid  edilices,  while  its  port 
was  one  of  the  great  naval  stations  of  Rome,  Its  former 
magnificence  is  still  attested  by  a  fine  amphitheatre,  several 
temples,  and  other  remains. 

Pola,  po'li,  a  rivor  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  government 
of  Pskov,  flows  N.,  and  joins  the  Lovat  9  miles  S.  of  Lake 
Ilmen.     Length,  120  miles. 

Pola  de  Lena,  po'li  di  li'nS,,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Asturias,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Oviedo.     Pop.  1328. 

Pola  de  Siero,  po'14  dk  se-i'ro,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Asturias,  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Oviedo.     Pop.  2500. 

Polan,  po-lin',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  prov- 
ince and  about  10  miles  from  Toledo,  near  the  river  Tagus. 
Pop.  1747. 

Po'land  (Polish,  Pohka,  pol'skS.,  meaning  "  flat 
land;"  L.  Polo'iiia;  Ger.  Poleii,  po'l^n;  "Et.,  Poloijne, 
poMon';  anc.  Sarmatia),  an  extensive  country  of  Central 
Europe,  which  existed  for  many  centuries  as  an  independr 
ent  and  powerful  state,  but,  having  fallen  a  prey  to  in- 
ternal dissensions,  was  violently  seized  by  Austria,  Prussia, 
and  Russia  as  a  common  spoil,  partitioned  among  these 
three  powers,  and  incorporated  with  their  dominions.  In 
its  greatest  prosperity  it  had  a  population  variously  estir 
maied  at  from  11,000,000  to  15,000,000,  and  an  area  of 
284,000  square  miles,  greater  than  that  of  France,  stretcl>- 
ing  from  the  frontiers  of  Hungary  and  Turkey  to  the 
Baltic,  and  from  Germany  far  E.  into  Russia,  lat.  47°  to 
66°  N.,  Ion.  15°  to  32°  E.  The  territory  thus  marked  oat 
formed  one  vast  and  remarkably  compact  kingdom,  divided 
into  Great  and  Little  Poland  on  theW.,  Masovia  and  Pod- 
lachia  in  the  centre,  Volhynia,  Podolia,  and  the  Ukraine 
in  the  E.,  and  Lithuania  in  the  N.E. ;  the  principal  sub- 
division was  into  31  palatinates  and  starostys. 

The  most  characteristic  feature  of  the  surface  is  its  uni>- 
formity.  With  the  exception  of  the  Carpathians,  forming 
its  S.W.  boundary,  it  presents  an  almost  unbroken  plaii^ 
composed  partly  of  gently  waving  slopes,  partly  of  rich 
alluvial  flats,  partly  of  sandy  tracts,  and  partly  of  exten- 
sive morasses.  The  hvst  occupy  the  most  elevated  |)art  of 
the  interior,  and  consist  of  a  broad  belt  curving  irregularly 
in  a  N.E.  direction  from  the  Hungarian  frontiers  intp 
Lithuania,  and  part  of  the  great  European  watershed,  the 
waters  on  the  one  side  of  it  flowing  N.  to  the  Baltic,  while 
those  on  the  other  side  flow  S.  to  the  Black  Sea.  Its  prin- 
cipal streams  are  the  Vistula,  with  its  tributaries  the  Wiepr^, 
Bug,  and  Narew,  the  Warta  and  Prosna,  tributaries  of  the 
Oder,  the  Niomen,  and  the  Dwina,  all  belonging  to  the 
basin  of  the  Baltic;  and  the  Dniester,  South  Bug,  and 
Dnieper,  with  its  tributary  the  Pripets,  belonging  to  thtt 
basin  of  the  Black  Sea. 

The  country  is  admirably  adapted  to  agriculture,  and  has 
boon  termed  the  granary  of  Europe.  Next  to  grain  and 
cattle,  its  most  important  product  is  timber.  The  minerals 
include  the  precious  metals  in  limited  quantity,  iron  in 
abundance  but  of  indiff"erent  quality,  and  salt,  chiefly  ih 
Galicia,  where  its  mines  have  long  been  worked  on  a  very 
extensive  scale,  and  are,  to  all  appearance,  inexhaustibU. 
Copper,  lead,  zinc,  and  coal  are  also  found.  Little  progress 
has  been  made  either  in  manufactures  or  trade,  the  latter 


POL 


2188 


POL 


b«in{(  mostly  in  the  hnndii  of  th«  Jews,  who  aro  more  nu- 
merous in  Poliind  than  in  iiny  other  part  of  Europe.  The 
wiAter  of  Poland  i^  ainiotit  oa  severe  oa  that  of  Sweden. 
The  summer  is  warm,  but  the  gonornl  humidity  of  the  at- 
luoDphere  and  the  miasma  of  the  marshes  make  disease 
Bouiutimes,  under  peculiar  forms,  very  prevalent. 

Tiie  Polos  are  the  dcsoondants  of  various  Slavic  tribes, 
who,  in  the  sixth  century,  having  proceeded  up  the  Dnieper, 
entered  the  basin  of  the  Vistula,  drove  out  the  Finns, — the 
original  inhabitants, — and  made  themselves  masters  of  the 
whole  country  from  the  Warta  eastward  and  around  the 
■bores  of  the  Baltic.  As  a  race  they  possess  fine  physical 
forms,  and  are  strong,  active,  ardent,  and  daring.  Unfor- 
tunately, ho«vever,  these  original  qualities  of  the  race  have 
greatly  degenerated  in  the  mass  of  the  people,  who  have 
been  degrivdod  by  the  privileged  classes  into  more  serfs. 
The  prevailing  religion  of  the  Poles  is  the  Roman  Catholic, 
'but  since  the  Russians  became  masters  of  the  country  they 
have  labored  to  introduce  their  own  religious  system,  and 
aro  also  aiming  at  the  extirpation  of  the  Poli!<h  tongue  by 
discouraging  its  cultivation  ;  and  not  only  is  Russi:in  in- 
troduced into  the  public  schools,  but  the  knowledge  of  it  is 
made  an  essential  requisite  for  office. 

Poland  was  first  raised  to  the  rank  of  a  kingdom  by 
Otho  III.,  Emperor  of  Germany,  when  Boloslaw  I.,  who 
had  been  acknowledged  chief  of  all  the  Polos  dwelling  be- 
tween the  Vistula  and  the  Warta,  became  its  sole  monarch. 
He  died  in  1025,  after  a  long  and  flourishing  reign,  and  the 
Piast  dynasty,  which  ho  founded,  continued  for  nearly  four 
centuries.  Upon  the  death  of  Casimir,  in  1370,  the  male 
'line  of  the  Piasts  became  extinct,  but  his  nephew,  Louis 
of  Hungary,  by  the  marriage  of  Hedwig,  his  youngest 
daughter,  with  Jagellon,  Duke  of  Lithuania,  united  that 
duchy  to  Poland,  and  the  kingdom  continued  to  flourish 
for  centuries  after.  The  first  actual  partition  took  place 
in  1772,  and  stripped  Poland  at  onoe  of  about  a  third  of 
her  whole  territory,  the  respective  shares  of  the  spoil  being 
—to  Prussia,  13,337,  Austria,  27,000,  and  Russia,  42,000 
square  miles.  A  second  partition  in  1793  gave  Prussia 
22,500  and  Russia  96,500  square  miles.  Another  partition 
took  place  in  1795,  and  the  last  king  of  Poland,  degraded 
into  a  pensionary  of  the  Russian  court,  died  at  St.  Peters- 
burg in  1793.  The  successive  partitions  gave  Austria 
45,000  square  miles,  with  6,000,000  inhabitants;  Prussia, 
57,000  square  miles,  with  2,550,000  inliabitants ;  and  Rus- 
sia, 180,000  square  miles,  with  4,600,000  inhabitants. 
About  two-thirds  of  the  Russian  share  was  completely  in- 
corporated with  the  general  government,  and  ceased  to  re- 
tain any  distinctive  appellation  ;  the  remainder,  contain- 
ing about  49,000  square  miles,  was  erected  into  what  was 
called  the  Kingdom  of  Poland,  and  received  a  separate 
constitution  from  the  Emperor  Alexander;  but  the  Poles, 
taking  occasion  of  the  French  Revolution  of  1830,  rashly 
engaged  in  an  insurrection,  which  only  furnished  Russia 
with  a  pretext  for  riveting  their  chains.  The  name  King- 
dom of  Poland  is  still  given  to  that  portion  of  the  Russian 
territories,  but  the  country  is  now  treated  in  all  respects  as 
an  integral  part  of  the  Russian  Empire,  though  it  is  under 
a  special  governor-general.  It  is  bounded  N.  and  W.  by  the 
territories  of  Prussia,  E.  by  the  Russian  governments  of 
Bialystok,  Orrodno,  and  Volhynia,  and  S.  by  Austrian 
Oalicia.  It  is  divided  into  the  governments  of  Warsaw  (the 
capital),  Kalisz,  Petrikau,  Radom,  Lublin,  Plock,  Kielce, 
8iedlec,  Lomza,  and  Suvalki,  has  an  area  of  54,356  square 
miles,  and  in  1872  had  a  population  of  6,528,017.  The 
Republic  of  Cracow,  also,  after  maintaining  a  feverish  ex- 
istence from  1815  to  1846,  was  seized  by  Austria  and  in- 
corporated with  her  kingdom  of  Galicia. Adj.  Po'lish; 

inhab.  Polb,  and  Po'lak  (now  obsolete). 

Po'land,  a  station  in  Randolph  co..  111.,  on  the  rail- 
road between  Chester  and  Tamaroa,  6i  miles  E.  of  Chester. 
Poland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  Ind.,  in  Cass  town- 
ship, about  25  miles  E.  of  Terre  Haute.     It  has  2  churches. 
Poland,  a  township  of  Buena  Vista  co.,  Iowa.     P.  83. 
Poland,  a  post-hamlet  in   Poland  township,  Andros- 
eoggin  CO.,  Me.,  about  33  miles  N.  of  Portland.     The  Grand 
Trunk  Railway  psisses  through  the  E.  part  of  the  township, 
which  contains  part  of  the  village  of  Mechanic  Falls.     Pop. 
of  the  township,  2436. 

Poland,  or  Poland  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Poland 
township,  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Atlantic  &  Great 
Western  Railroad,  about  8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Jamestown. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Poland  Centre.  The  town- 
ship is  traversed  by  the  Conewango  Creek,  and  contains  a 
larger  village,  named  Kennedy.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1973. 
Poland,  a  post-village  in  Russia  township,  Herkimer 
00.,  N.Y.,  on  West  Canada  Croek,  14  miles  N.£.  of  Utica. 


It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  sohool,  and  manufactures 
of  axes,  leather,  sash,  doors,  furniture,  Ac.     Pop.  45o. 

Poland,  a  post-village  in  Poland  township,  Mahoning 
CO.,  0.,  6  miles  S.  of  Youngstown,  2i  miles  from  Ptruthor's 
Station,  and  about  14  miles  W.  of  New  Cnstle,  I'a.  it  ia 
mostly  in  Poland  township,  and  partly  in  Uoanlman.  It 
contains  a  bank,  2  churches,  a  seminary,  a  foundry,  a  grint- 
mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  453.  Coal  and  iron  arc  lound 
in  the  vicinity.  The  township  is  inteisecled  by  the  Maho- 
ning River  and  the  Ashtabula  A  Pittsburg  Railroad.  Pop. 
2481.     It  contains  a  large  vilhgc,  named  Lowcllvillo. 

Poland  Centre,  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.    See  Poland. 

Polangcn,  po'ling-9n,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Courland 
on  the  Baltic,  42  miles  W.  of  Telsh.     Pop.  1414.  ' 

Po'lar  Ue'gions,  the  zones  included  within  the  Arc- 
tic and  Antarctic  Ci roles.  The  North  Polar  Regions  have 
obtained  an  interest  from  the  several  attempts  to  find  ii 
passage  through,  either  from  the  N.E.  or  tlio  N.W.  Tho 
nearest  approach  to  the  North  Pole  was  by  Captain  Parry 
who  reached  lat.  82°  45'  N.,  Ion.  19°  25'  E.  Captain  Cook 
penetrated  towards  the  South  Pole  as  far  as  lat.  07°  aC  S 
Ion.  39°  E.,  and  to  lat.  71°  10'  S.  in  Ion.  110°  W.  Sir  James 
Ross  penetrated  to  lat.  78°  10'  S.  in  Ion.  170°  E.,  anrl  dis- 
covered Victoria  Land.    See  Arctic  and  ANXAncric  Ockan. 

Polaun,  po'13wn,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  CO  miles  N.e! 
of  Prague.     I'op.  4311. 

Polcenigo,  pol-chi-nee'go,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Udine,  7  miles  N.  of  Sacile.     Pop.  4327. 

Polch,  polK,  or  Pollich,  poI'liK,  a  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Coblentz.     Pop.  2529. 

Pole  Creek,  a  post-ofiice  of  Laramie  co.,  Wyoming. 

Polen,  and  Pole,  Europe.    See  Poland. 

Poleocastro,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Policastro. 

Polesella,  po-lA-sfirii,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Po,  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rovigo.     Pop.  3574. 

Polesine,  po-lA-sce'nd  (L.  Polexi'num  Suntivi'ii),  a 
village  of  Italy,  on  the  Po,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Parma.  Poi.. 
of  commune,  3264. 

Pole  Tavern,  a  hamlet  of  Salem  co.,  N.J.,  in  Pitts- 
grove  township,  1  mile  from  Newkirk  Station.  It  has  2 
stores.     Here  is  Pittsgrove  Post-Office. 

Poletown,  Brown  co.,  0.    See  Bkownsvillb. 

Polia,  po'le-i,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Catiinzoro,  ! 
S.  of  Nicastro.     Pop.  2580. 

Policandro,  pol-e-k4n'dro  (ano.  Pholegan'droo),  an 
island  of  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  16  miles  E.  of  Milo. 
Area,  20  square  miles.  On  its  N.  coast  is  a  village  of  the 
same  name.     Total  pop.  1038. 

Policastro,  po-le-kis'tro  (anc.  Pyx'ua,  afterwards 
Buxen'liim),  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Salerno,  on  the  N. 
shore  of  the  Gulf  of  Policastro,  22  miles  S.  of  Diano.  It  Is 
a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  cathedral  and  a  fishery. 

Policastro,  or  Poleocastro,  po-hV-o-kis'tro,  a  town 
of  Italy,  in  Catanzaro,  18  miles  W.N.W.of  Cotrono.   P.  5601. 

Police,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Polit/.. 

Policzka,  po-leeeh'ki,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  28  miles 
S.E.  of  Chrudim.     Pop.  4414. 

Polignano,  po-lcen-y4'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  26  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Bari,  near  the  Adriatic.     Pop.  8564. 

Poligny,  poMeen'yco',  a  town  of  France,  in  Jara,  14 
miles  N.E.  of  Lons-le-Saulnier.  Pop.  4783.  It  has  a 
communal  college,  and  manufactures  of  earthenware,  salt- 
petre, leather,  edge-tools,  wine,  oil,  Ac. 

Polillo,  po-lil'lo  or  po-lecl'yo,  one  of  the  Philippine 
Islands,  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  E.  of  Luzon.  Lat.  15" 
5'  N. ;  Ion.  122°  6'  E.  Length,  30  miles ;  breadth,  20  miles. 
Soil  fertile.  In  its  centre  is  Mount  Malolo.  The  village 
of  Polillo  is  on  its  W.  side. 

Polistina,  po-lis-tee'n&,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Reggio  di  Calabria,  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Palini.     I'op.  9591. 

Politz,  po'lits,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  9  miles 
N.  of  Stettin  on  the  Oder.     Pop.  3997. 

Politz,  or  Police,  po-lcet'si,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  23 
miles  N.E.  of  Kiiniggratz.     Pop.  2387. 

Polizzi,  po-lit'sce,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  of  F»- 
lermo,  17  miles  S.W,  of  Cefaia.     Pop.  6724, 

Polk,  pok,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Arkansas,  has  an 
areaof  about  935  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  ISrushy 
Fork  of  the  Ouachita  River,  which  intersects  this  county, 
by  Saline  Bayou,  and  by  affluents  of  Cossiitot  River.  The 
surface  is  hilly  or  mountainous,  and  mill-stone  grit  under- 
lies part  of  it.  The  soil  produces  some  cotton  and  Indian 
corn.  Slate,  iron,  and  lead  are  said  to  he  found  in  this 
county.  Among  the  foioi't  trees  are  the  hickory,  white  oak, 
yellow  pine,  red  elm,  and  walnut.  Capital,  Dallas.  Pop 
in  1870,  3376;  in  1880,  5857;  in  1890,  92S3. 

Polk,  a  county  of  Florida,  is  near  the  middle  of  the 


POL 


2189 


POL 


peninsula.  Area,  about  2060  square  mile?.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  Kissiinmee  Lake  and  Kissiinniee  River,  iind 
coniiiins  several  lakes.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  aud  is 
extensively  covered  with  forests.  Cattle,  maize,  and  sweet 
potatoes  are  staples.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  South 
Florida  Railroad.  Capital,  Bartow.  Pop.  in  1870,  3169; 
in  1880,3181;  in  1890,  7905. 

Polk,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Georgia,  bordering 
on  Alabama,  has  an  area  of  about  330  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  Euharlee  Creek  and  a  small  alBuent  of  the 
Coosa  River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  extensively  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian 
corn,  and  wheat  are  the  staples.  Slate  quarries  have  been 
opened  in  this  county.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Central  Rail- 
road of  Georgia  and  other  railroads.  Capital,  Cedartown. 
Pop.  in  1870,  7822;  in  1880,  11,962;  in  1890,  14,945. 

I'olk,  a  county  in  the  S.  cintral  part  of  Iowa,  has  an 
area  of  576  square  miles.      It  is  intersected  by  the  Dea 
jMoiiics  and  South  Skunk  Rivers,  and  is  also  drained  by 
Raccoon  River  and  Beaver  Creek.     The  surface  is  undu- 
liiling,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  woodlands.    In- 
dian corn,  wlieat,  hay,  oats,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.     Mines  of  bituminous  coal  have  been  opened  in 
this  county.     It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  &  North- 
western Railroad,  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Rail- 
road, the  Des  Moines,  Northern  &  Western  Railroad,  the 
i  Des  Moines  &  Kansas  City  Railroad,  and  other  railroads. 
j  Capital,  Des  Moines,  which  is  also  the  capital  of  the  state. 
]  Pop^,  in  1870,  27,857;  in  1880,  42,395  ;  in  1890,  65,410. 

Folk,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Minnesota,  borders 
on  North  Dakota.  Area,  3030  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  the  Red  River  of  the  North,  and  is  intersected 
by  Red  Lake  River  and  Wild  Rice  River.  The  surface  is 
level  or  undulating,  and  a  large  portion  of  it  is  prairie.  The 
Bed  River  flows  through  a  wide  and  fertile  valley.  This 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Great  Northern  Railroad.  Cap- 
iUI.  Crookston.     Pop.  in  1880,  11,433;  in  1890,  30,192. 

Polk,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Missouri, 
luu  aa  area  of  about  610  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Ponimo  de  Terre  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Little 
Sac,  or  East  Fork  of  the  Sac  River.  The  surface  is  hilly 
or  undulating,  and  presents  picturesque  scenery.  A  large 
part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  white  ash,  elm,  oak, 
hickory,  black  walnut,  <fec.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Maize, 
I,  wlieat,  oats,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  Among  its 
j  minerals  are  Lower  Silurian  limestone  and  lead.  It  is 
f intersected  by  two  railroads.  Capital,  Bolivar.  Pop.  in 
1870,  12,445;  in  1880,  15,734;  in  1890,  20,.339. 

Polk,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Nebraska,  has 
an  area  of  about  439  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.W.  by  the  Platte  River,  and  is  drained  by  the  North 
,Fork  of  the  Big  Blue  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level,  and  is  mostly  destitute  of  forest  trees.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  The  staple  products  are  wheat,  Indian  corn, 
oats,  and  grass  or  bay.  Capital,  Osceola.  Pop.  in  1870, 
136;   in  1880,  6846;  in  1890,  10,817. 

Polk,  a  county  of  North  Carolina,  borders  on  South 
Carolinii.  Area,  about  276  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
Green  River,  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  mostly  covered  with 
)forests.  Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
|Uct8.  The  S.W.  corner  of  this  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Richmond  <fc  D.anville  Railroad.  Capital,  Columbus.  Pop. 
Is  1870,  4319;  in  1880,  5062;  in  1890,  5902. 
I  Polk,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Oregon,  has  an  area 
bf  about  615  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
[Willamette  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the  Rickreal 
Und  the  South  Fork  of  the  Yam  Hill  River.  The  Coast 
iRange  of  mountains  extends  along  the  W.  border  of  the 
jjouiity.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  high  mountains,  ver- 
jlant  hilU,  and  large  forests  of  fir  and  otaer  trees.  The 
iVillauiette  Valley  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  cattle,  hay, 
vool,  and  lumber  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
raversed  by  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Dallas. 
:'op.in  1870,  4701;  in  1880,  6601;  in  1890,  7858. 

Polk,  the  most  southeastern  county  of  Tennessee,  has 
m  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
liawassee  and  Ocoee  Rivers.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  moun- 
ainous.  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  Indian 
orn,  wheat,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This 
ounty  has  extensive  copper-mines.  It  is  traversed  by 
ho  Marietta  <fc  North  Georgia  Railroad.  Capital,  Benton, 
'hich  is  situated  on  the  Oeoee  River.  Pop.  in  1870,  7369; 
n  1880.7269;  in  1890,  8361. 

Polk,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area 
stimated  at  1200  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W. 
y  Trinity  River,  and  also  drained  by  Sandy  and  other 
reeks.    The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  a 


large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Cotton,  cattle,  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Houston,  East  A  West 
Texas  Railroad,  which  connects  with  Livingston,  the  cap- 
ital.    Pop.  in  1870,  8707;  in  1880,  7189;  in  1890,  10,332. 

Polk,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Wisconsin,  border* 
on  Minnesota.  Area,  about  955  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  AV.  by  the  St.  Croix  River,  and  also  drained  by  Apple. 
River.  The  surface  is  uneven,  aud  is  diversified  with  small 
lakes  and  extensive  forests  of  the  pine,  sugar-maple,  and 
other  trees.  Wheat,  oats,  hay,  lumber,  and  butter  are  the 
staple  products.  Capital,  Osceola  Mills.  Pop.  iu  1870,, 
3422;  in  1880,  10,018;  in  1890,  12,968. 

Polk,  a  township  of  Huntington  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  960., 
It  contains  part  of  Mt.  Etna. 

Polk,  a  township  of  Marshall  CO.,  Ind.     Pop.  1812. 

Polk,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  843. 

Polk,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  920. 

Polk,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1279. 

Polk,  a  township  of  Bremer  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1172. 

Polk,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1096. 
It  contains  Abingdon. 

Polk,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  879. 

Polk,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  181. 

Polk,  a  township  of  Taylor  co.,  Iowa,     Pop.  893. 

Polk,  a  township  of  Wapello  CO.,  Iowa.     Pop.  993. 

Polk,  a  township  of  Adair  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  769. 

Polk,  a  township  of  Atchison  co..  Mo.     Pop.  662. 

Polk,  a  township  of  Cass  CO.,  Mo.     Pop.  1307. 

Polk,  a  township  of  Christian  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1243. 

Polk,  a  township  of  Dade  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1453. 

Polk,  a  township  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  957. 

Polk,  a  township  of  Mtfdison  co..  Mo.     Pop.  320. 

Polk,  a  township  of  Nodaway  co..  Mo.  Pop.  3427.  It 
contains  Maryville. 

Polk,  a  township  of  Ray  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1368.  i 

Polk,  a  township  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  316. 

Polk,  a  township  of  Sullivan  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  1415.  It 
contains  Milan.  • 

Polk,  a  post-village  in  Jackson  township,  Ashland  co., 
0.,  on  the  Atlantic  <fc  Great  Western  Railroad,  74  miles 
N.E.  of  Ashland.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  graded  school.  ■ 

Polk,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  0.  Pop.  4369.  It 
contains  Gallon. 

Polk,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  256. 

Polk,  a  township  of  Monroe  eo..  Pa.     Pop.  1076, 

Polk,  or  Wat'erloo,  a  post-village  of  Venango  co., 
Pa.,  in  French  Creek  township,  on  the  Franklin  Branch  of. 
the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  9  miles  W. 
of  Franklin.  It  has  2  churches,  2  stores,  a  grist-mill,  and- 
35  families.     Here  is  Polk  Post-Office. 

Polk,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  1766. 

Polk  Bayou,  bi'oo,  a  post-otEce  of  Sharpo  co.,  Ark.,. 
18  miles  N.  of  Batesville.  , 

Polk  City,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Des  Moines  &  Minnesota  Railroad,  17  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Des  Moines.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  money-order  post-office.     Pop.  about  450, 

Polk  City,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  Minn. 

Polk  Patch,  Warrick  co.,  Ind.     See  Tavlorsville. 

Polk  Run,  a  post-ofiice  of  Clarke  co.,  Ind. 

Polk  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Obion  eo.,  Tenn.,  on- 
the  Paducah  &  Memphis  Railroad,  68  miles  S.S.W,  of  Pa- 
ducah. 

Polksville,  poks'vil,  a  post-office  of  Hall  co.,  Ga.,  about 
76  miles  N.N.E.  of  Atlanta.     Granite  abounds  here.  i 

Polkton,  pok'tpn,  township,  Ottawa  co.,  Mich.   P.  2416.  , 

Polktoii,  a   post-village   in   Lanesborough    township, 
Anson  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  Carolina  Central  Railroad,  44  miles  , 
E.S.E.  of  Charlotte.     It  has  an  academy,  2  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  2  steam  saw-  and  grist-mills,  9  stores,  Ac. 
Pop.  about  250. 

Polkville,  pok'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smith  co..  Miss., 
about  34  miles  E.S.E.  of  Jackson.    It  has  3  churches  near  it.  , 

Polkville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  3  miles 
N.E.  of  Portland,  Northampton  co..  Pa, 

Polkville,  Onondaga  CO.,  N.Y.     See  Little  Utica- 

Polkville,  a  post-office  of  Cleveland  co.,  N.C. 

Polkwitz,  polk''ftits,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  2u 
miles  N.  of  Liegnitz,     Pop.  2142. 

Polla,  pol'li  (anc.  Fo'rum  Popi'Ui),  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Salerno,  in  the  Val  di  Diano,  on  the  Tanagro, 
10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Sala.     Pop.  6046.     It  has  manufactures  , 
of  sewing-silk,  woollen  cloths,  and  caps. 

PoPlacas'ty  Creek,  of  North  Carolina,  flows  into  . 
Mfcherrin  River  a  few  miles  above  Winton,  in  llertford  co. 

Pol'lard,  a  post-village  of  Escambia  co.,  Ala.,  on  the; 


POL' 


2190 


POL 


Mobile  A  AIoDtgouicry  Rnilrond,  04  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mubile. 
It  hns  2  ohurohee  nnd  a  newspuper  office.  Ship-timber  is 
•sported  from  this  place.     Pup.  in  18VU,  389. 

Pullard,  a  post-offloo  of  Clay  oo.,  Ark. 

Pulle,  pol'Ifh,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hanorer,  on  the 
Weser,  38  miles  6.S.W.  of  Hanover.     Pop.  1164. 

PolienzHy  pol-IAnd't&,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  4 
miles  W.  of  Macorata.     Pop.  of  commune,  6342. 

Pollcnza,  pol-ldn'z&  (ane.  Pollen' tia),  a  town  of  the 
island  of  Miijorca,  on  its  N.  side,  28  miles  N.E.  of  Piilraa. 
Pop.  7486.  It  is  near  the  Bay  of  Pollcnza,  and  has  a  hand- 
•ome  ohuroh,  a  Jesuits'  college,  and  active  nuvnufiictures  of 
fine  black  woollen  cloth.  The  bay  la  formed  by  two  penin- 
sulas, called  Capos  Formentor  and  del  Pinar. 

Pollurskirchen,  pol'l^rs-kCgRK'^n,  a  town  of  Bohe- 
mia, circle  of  Czaalau.     Pop.  1180. 

PulleuFf  polMuR',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and 
16  miles  E.S.K.  of  Lie^e.     Pop.  1860. 

Pollica,  pol-lee'kf,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Salerno,  on  the 
Meditorranoan,  14  miles  W.  of  Vallo.     Pop.  3246. 

Pollich,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Polch. 

Pollina,  pol-leo'nd,  a  town  of  Sicily,  10  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Cefaia.     Pop.  1955. 

Polliiow,  poll'nov,  sometimes  written  Polino  and 
Pol  no,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  20  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Ciislin.     Pop.  2460. 

Pol'lock,  a  village  of  Sullivan  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Bur- 
lington &  Southwestern  Railroad,  12  miles  N.  of  Milan. 
It  has  3  stores.     Pop.  about  125. 

Pollock,  Clarion  co.,  Pa.     See  East  Pahker. 

PolMockshaws%  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Renfrew, 
on  the  White  Cart,  2i  miles  S.W.  of  (Jlnsgow.  Pop.  8921. 
It  has  a  neat  church,  a  town* hall,  and  a  branch  bank. 
Weaving  silk  and  cottons,  cotton  spinning  and  bleaching, 
calico-printing,  and  fancy  dyeing  are  carried  on.  The  Pol- 
look  &  Govan  Railway  connects  the  coal-fields,  3  miles  S.  of 
Glasgow,  with  that  city. 
'  Pol'locksviile,  a  post-township  of  Jones  co.,  N.C.,  on 
the  Trent  River,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Newbern.  It  has  3 
cJuirolics  and  several  general  stores. 

PoPlokshields',  a  borough  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ren- 
frew, forming  a  S.W.  suburb  of  Glasgow.     Pop.  3314. 
'  Pollone,  pol-lo'nA,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  No- 
vara,  near  Biella.     Pop.  of  commune,  1538. 

Pol  Intro,  pol-loo'tro,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Chieti,  5  miles  W.N.W.  of  Vasto.     Pop.  3327. 

Pol'mont,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Stirling,  at  a 
railway  junction.  4  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Falkirk.     Pop.  455. 

Polna,  pol'ni,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  33  miles  S.S.K.  of 
Czaslau,     P.  5159,  employed  in  weaving  and  in  iron-mines. 

Pol  no,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Poi.lnow. 

Polo,  po'lo,  an  island  of  the  Philippines,  in  the  Malay 
Archipelago,  off  the  W.  coast  of  Luzon.     Lat,  15°  N. ;  Ion. 
122°  20'  E. 
•  Po'lo,  a  post-oflBce  of  Carroll  co..  Ark. 

Polo,  a  post-village  in  Buffalo  township,  Ogle  co..  111., 
on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  22  miles  S.  of  Freeport, 
and  13  miles  N.N.W.  of  Dixon.  It  is  the  largest  village 
in  the  county.  It  contains  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank, 
2  newspaper  offices,  a  graded  school  with  500  scholars  in 
one  building,  7  churches,  and  manufactures  of  harvesters. 
Von.  1805, 

Polo,  a  post-office  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas,  40  miles  S.E. 
ot  Wichita. 

Polo,  a  post-haralet  of  Caldwell  co.,  Mo.,  in  Grant 
township,  15  miles  S.  of  Hamilton.  It  has  a  church  and  2 
■tores. 

Polochic,  po-lo-cheek',  a  river  of  Guatemala,  rises  in 
the  district  of  Coban,  flows  mostly  E.S.E.,  and  enters  the 
Oolfo  Dulce.     Length,  120  miles. 

Polock,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Poi.otzk. 

I'ologne,  or  Polonia.     See  Polavd. 

Poloughera,  po-lon-g.\'ril,  a  village  of  Italy,  about  11 
miles  N.N.B.  of  Saluzzo.     Pop.  1626. 

Polo'nia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Portivge  co..  Wis.,  3  miles 
N.  of  Custer  Station,  which  is  7i  miles  E.  of  Stevens  Point. 
It  has  a  church. 

Polonka,  po-lon'kl,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of 
(}rodno,  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sionira.     Pop.  1530. 

Polonoe,  po-lo'no-i,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Volhynia, 
61  miles  W.  of  Zhitomeer.     Pop.  1700. 

Polop,  po-lop',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Valencia,  province 
and  N.E.  of  Alicante.     Pop.  1537. 

Polopos,  po-lo'poce,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
about  4  miles  from  Granada,  near  the  Mediterranean. 

Polotzk,  po-lotsk',  written  also  Polok,  a  town  of 
Rus:iia,  government  and  60  miles  by  rail  WJli.W,  of  Vitebsk, 


on  the  DUna.  Pop.  11,928.  It  baa  a  citadel,  numeroui 
ancient  churches  and  monasteries,  a  Jesuits'  college,  and  a 
school  for  nobles. 

Polpcnazze,  pol-p&-n&t'8il,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince  of  Milan,  6  miles  S.  of  Salo.     Poj).  1174. 

Polper'ro,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Cornwall,  9) 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Liskeard.     Pop.  699. 

Pol'piH,  a  hamlet  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  island  of 
Nantucket,  Mass. 

Pols'grove,  a  post-hnmlet  of  Carroll  eo..  III.,  6  milet 
N.W.  of  Mount  Carroll.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Polska,  the  Polish  name  of  Poland. 

Poltava,  pol-ll'vA,  also  written  Pultown  nnd  Pnl- 
taAVn,  a  government  of  South  Russia,  between  lat.  48°  25' 
and  61°  6'  N.  and  Ion.  30°  46'  and  36°  40'  K.,  cnckftd  by 
the  governments  of  Chernigov,  Koorsk,  Kharkov,  Yukiitcri- 
noslav,  Kherson,  and  Kiev,  from  which  hist  two  the  Dnieper 
separates  it  on  the  W.  Area,  19,040  square  miles.  Pop. 
2,102,614.  The  surface  is  a  level  plain,  wntered  by  the 
Soola,  Psiol,  and  Vorskla,  alfluents  of  the  Dnieper.  Tlie 
soil  is  excellent.  Hemp,  flax,  red  pepper,  tobacco,  and 
fruits  are  also  raised.  Live-stock  is  reared  in  large  num> 
hers,  and  honey  and  silk  are  important  products.  Manu- 
factures have  latterly  made  some  i)rogrcss,  and  linen,  wool- 
len, and  cotton  fabrics,  leather,  and  candles  are  miule. 

Poltava,  the  capital  of  the  above  government,  is  situ- 
ated on  the  Vorskla,  70  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Kharkov.  Pop. 
41,250.  It  stands  on  an  eminence,  and  is  enclosed  by 
planted  walks  on  the  site  of  its  former  ramparts.  It  has  a 
cathedral,  a  college,  a  convent,  and  3  large  nnnual  fairs. 
In  its  principal  square  is  a  monument  to  Peter  the  Great, 
who  here,  on  the  27th  of  June,  1709,  gained  a  decisive 
victory  over  Charles  XII. 

Polvadera,  or  La  Polvadera,  li  pol-v4-dA'ri,  a 
village  of  Socorro  co..  New  Mexico,  on  the  Rio  Grande,  11 
miles  N,  of  Socorro.     It  has  a  church  and  a  wine-press. 

Polybotus,  the  ancient  name  of  Bui.AVAnKK>f. 

Polynesia,  pore-nee'she-a  {i.e.,  "many  islands"),  in- 
cludes the  multitude  of  islands  scattered  over  the  PaciRe 
Ocean,  and  comprehends  a  belt  chiefly  within  30  degrees  on 
each  side  of  the  equator,  and  from  Ion.  135°  E.  to  I35°AV. 
The  boundary  extends  S.  of  the  equntor  to  lat.  47°  S.  The 
islands  are  distributed  into  numerous  groups,  having  a 
general  direction  from  N.W.  to  S.E.  The  principal  groups 
to  the  N.  of  the  equator  are  the  Pelew,  Ladrones,  Caroline, 
Radack,  Ralick,  Marshall,  Gilbert,  and  Hawaiian  Islands, 
all  of  which,  except  the  l.ast,  belong  to  what  is  called  Micro- 
nesia. S.  of  the  equator  are  the  Feejee,  Friendly,  Sainoan, 
Solomon,  Society,  Marquesns,  Low  Archipelago,  Austral, 
Cook,  and  other  minor  groups,  besides  numerous  detached 
islands,  as  E.aster  and  Pitcairn  Islands.  It  is  custouiary 
with  late  writers  to  exclude  Micronesia,  and  with  nearly  all 
to  exclude  Melanesia,  from  the  Polynesian  limits,  chiefly 
for  linguistic  and  ethnological  reasons.  With  the  exception 
of  Hawaii,  the  largest  island  of  Polynesia,  the  most  con- 
siderable of  the  others  range  from  20  to  60  and  100  miles 
in  circumference.  These  islands  are  all,  more  or  less,  of 
coral  formation,  the  Low  Archipelago,  Society  Islands, 
Marshall,  and  Carolines  presenting  the  regular  atoll  form, 
with  circular  reef's  and  lagoons.  'The  Friendly,  New  Heb- 
rides, Solomon,  and  Sandwich  Islands  present  fringed  reels, 
and  have  active  volcanoes, — the  summits  of  the  mountains 
varying  from  2000  to  13,000  feet  in  height.  In  the  lower 
coral  islands  the  elevations  do  not  exceed  600  feet. 

The  temperature  of  Polynesia  is  comparatively  moderate, 
and  the  climate  is  delightful  and  salubrious.  Mean  annual 
temperature  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands,  77°  ;  temperature  of 
the  Society  Islands,  from  70°  to  80°,  and  rarely  90°  Fahren- 
heit. The  S.E.  tropical  wind  generally  prevails,  but  N.W, 
and  S.W.  winds  are  not  uncommon.  Thunder-storms  and 
waterspouts  are  common.  Hurricanes  are  rare,  and  earth- 
quakes slight  and  not  of  frequent  occurrence.  The  refresh- 
ing coolness  of  the  trade-winds,  and  a  regular  but  not  ex- 
cessive supply  of  moisture,  are  favorable  to  a  luxuriant 
vegetation.  There  are,  however,  many  uninhabited  islands, 
where  vegetation  is  scanty  and  the  water-supply  very  de- 
ficient. The  soil  in  the  valleys  and  in  the  river-courses  is 
often  a  rich  volcanic  mould  ;  on  the  mountains  it  is  loss 
fertile.  The  bread-fruit,  native  to  this  region,  the  cocoa, 
banana,  plantain,  banyan,  sugar-cane,  yam,  cotton-plant, 
paper  mulberry,  etc.,  are  indigenous.  Other  trees  and 
plants  of  tropical  climates  flourish  ;  and  arrow-root,  sweet 
potatoes,  the  common  potato,  and  maize  are  abundant. 
There  are  several  species  of  timber-trees,  especially  sandal- 
wood, also  a  few  spices,  and  ornamental  flowers,  which,  how- 
ever, have  little  odor  or  decided  color.  Land  birds  are  not 
numerous,  owls,  paroquets,  pigeons,  and  some  inmieriHrn 


POL 


2191 


POM 


fcrming  the  most  remarkable;  wild -ducks  and  other  water- 
fowls are  more  plentiful.  Turtles  resort  in  great  numlftrs 
to  many  localities,  and  fish  are  plentiful  on  the  coasts. 
Qunno  is  obtained  on  many  of  the  drier  islands. 

The  natives  of  Polynesia  are  in  general  a  well-formed, 
tall,  active,  and  intelligent  people.  They  consist  of  3  dis- 
tinct races,  apparently  of  Malay  affinities.  They  are  spread 
over  all  the  central  and  E.  portion  of  Polynesia,  and  speak 
one  common  language,  varying  in  dialects  ;  but  in  Micro- 
nesia the  languages  are  of  a  distinct  character,  and  in  the 
S.W.  the  people  and  languages  approximate  to  the  Melane- 
sian,  if  not  to  the  negrillo  type. 

Some  of  the  islands,  as  the  Ladrones,  were  discovered  by 
Magellan  in  1521,  and  the  Marquesas  by  Mendana  in  1595  ; 
but  it  was  not  till  1767  that  Wallis,  and  subsequently  Cook, 
explored  and  described  the  leading  islands  of  this  region. 
Soon  after  this,  missionaries  began  to  settle  here,  and,  after 
many  discouragements,  have  succeeded  in  promoting  Chris- 
tianity and  civilization  in  the  principal  islands;  though 
cannibalism  still  prevails  in  some  groups.  The  population 
of  these  islands  varies  continually,  from  wars,  migrations, 
and  pestilence:  but  no  proper  data  exist  for  affording  even 
an  approximation  to  the  real  numbers.  Probably  the  popu- 
lation of  the  whole  of  Polynesia  in  its  widest  sense  does 
not  exceed  a  million  and  a  half.     (For  further  information 

see  the  individual  groups  and  islands.) Adj.  and  inhab. 

PoLV.VESiAX,  pol-?-neo'she-an. 

Poizin,  polt-sccn',  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  31 
miles  S.W.  of  Ciislin.  Pop.  4475.  It  has  a  castle,  baths, 
and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  leather,  and  tobacco. 

Pomabamba,  po-m4-b3,m'b4,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  de- 
partment and  70  miles  S.E.  of  Chuquisaca. 

Pomarance,  a  village  of  Italy.    See  Pomebance. 

Poniarape,  po-mi-r4'pi,  a  mountain-peak  of  the 
Andes,  in  Bolivia.     Lat.  18°  8'  S,     Height,  21,700  feet. 

Poina'ria,  a  post-village  of  Newberry  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
Greenville  <fc  Columbia  Ilailroad,  31  miles  N.W.  of  Colum- 
bia.    It  has  an  academy  and  3  stores. 

Pomarico,  po-mi're-ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basilicata, 
11  miles  S.S.E.  of  Matera.     Pop.  5301. 

Pomaro,  po-mi'ro,  a  town  of  Italy,  18  miles  S.W.  of 
Piacenza.     Pop.  2010. 

Pomata,  po-mi'ti,  a  village  of  Bolivia,  97  miles 
W.N.W.  of  La  Paz,  on  the  S.W.  shore  of  Lake  Titicaca, 
13,040  feet  above  sea-level. 

Pomaz,  po^miz',  a  village  of  Hungary,  12  miles  N.  of 
Pesth.     Pop.  3185. 

Pomba  (pom'bi)  Bay,  one  of  the  finest  harbors  on 
the  E.  coast  of  Africa,  in  lat.  12°  27'  S.,  Ion.  40°  25'  E.,  9 
miles  in  length,  by  6  miles  across. 

Pombal,  pom-bil',  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Estrema- 
dura,  near  the  Sora,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Leiria,  Pop.  4270. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  provincial  asylum,  manufactures  of 
hats,  and  large  weekly  markets. 

Pombal,  pom-b4l',  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  140 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Bahia. 

Pombal,  a  town  of  Brazil,  on  the  Pianco,  state  and 
250  miles  W.  of  Parahiba.     Pop.  4000. 

Pombeiro,  pom-bi'e-ro,  a  town  and  parish  of  Portu- 
gal, in  Beira,  near  Cea.     Pop.  1130. 

Pombia,  pom'be-i,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Novara,  near  Borgo  Ticino.     Pop.  1109. 

Poinerance,  po-uii-ran'cha,  Pomarance,  po-mi- 
rln'chi,  or  Ripomorancc,  re-po-mo-rS,n'chA.,  a  village 
of  Italy,  province  of  Pisa,  in  the  Maromma,  7  miles  S.  of 
Volterr.a.     Pop.  of  commune,  7314. 

Pomerania,  pom-e-ri'ne-a(t.e.,  "upon  the  sea;"  Ger. 
Pommeni,  pom'm^rn),  a  province  of  Prussia,  mostly  N.  of 
lat.  53°  N.,  and  stretching  along  the  Baltic  from  Ion.  12° 

I'  to  18°  E.,  having  landward  the  provinces  of  West  Prussia 

id  Brandenburg,  and  Mecklenburg.    Area,  11,629  square 

iles.      Pop.  (1890)   1,620,889,  chiefly  Protestants.      The 

rface  is  level,  and  in  many  parts  marshy.  The  principal 
iSvers  are  the  Oder,  Persante,  and  Stolpe, — the  Oder  di- 
viding it  into  two  parts,  known  as  Hinterpommern  and  Vor- 
poinincrn,  i.e..  Farther  and  Hither  Pomerania,  the  former 
of  which  is  W.  of  the  river.  The  coasts  are  low,  sandy, 
defended  by  dikes,  and  bordered  by  numerous  inlets.  The 
island  of  llUgen  is  comprised  in  the  province.  The  prin- 
cipal crops  are  wheat,  barley,  rye,  oats,  potatoes,  flax,  hemp, 
and  tobacco.  Agriculture  and  the  rearing  of  cattle  and 
poultry,  ship-building,  manufactures  of  linen  and  woollen 
Btuffs,  iron  and  glass  wares,  tanning,  brewing,  and  distill- 
ing, are  the  principal  branches  of  industry.  The  salmon- 
and  sturgeon-fisheries  are  very  productive,  and  smoked 
geese  are  important  articles  of  trade.  The  province  con- 
sists of  the  governments  of  Stettin,  Stralsund,  and  Coslin. 


Fomeraug  (pom-e-rawg')  River,  Connecticut,  ri»a« 
in  Litchfield  co.,  runs  southward,  and  enters  the  Housatonia 
River  in  the  W.  part  of  New  Haven  co. 

Pom^erooii',  the  northernmost  river  of  British  Guiana, 
enters  the  Atlantic  40  miles  N.W.  of  the  estuary  of  thd 
Essequibo. 

Pom'eroy,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Tyrone,  9  miles 
N.W.  of  Dungannon.     Pop.  526. 

Pomeroy,  pum'§-roi,  a  post-village  of  Calhoun  oo.^ 
Iowa,  on  the  Dubuque  &  Sioux  City  Ilailroad,  26  miles  W. 
of  Fort  Dodge.     It  has  a  money-order  post-office. 

Pomeroy,  a  post-village  of  Wyandotte  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Missouri  lli  ver,  and  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Leav- 
enworth with  Kansas  City,  13i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Leaven- 
worth.   It  has  a  church  and  a  steam  flour-mill.     Pop.  135. 

Pomeroy,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Meigs  co.,  0.,  is  on  the 
Ohio  lliver,  about  66  miles  below  Parkersburg,  and  18  miles 
above  Gallipolis.  By  land  it  is  nearly  40  miles  S.W.  of 
Marietta,  and  56  miles  E.S.E.  of  Chillicothe.  Its  site  is  a 
narrow  strip  of  land  which  is  enclosed  between  the  river* 
and  a  range  of  rugged  and  precipitous  hills.  It  contains 
a  high  school,  2  national  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  a  wool- 
len-factory, and  6  salt-furnaces.  Its  prosperity  is  chiefly  de- 
rived from  the  manufacture  of  salt  and  operations  in  coal, 
which  is  mined  here.  About  10,000,000  bushels  of  coal' 
are  mined  in  the  county  annually.  A  capital  of  about 
$750,000  is  invested  here  in  the  manufacture  of  salt,  which 
is  obtained  by  boring  deeply  into  the  earth.  Pomeroy  has 
8  churches,  1  or  2  iron-foundries,  a  rolling-mill,  2  flour-mills, 
and  manufactures  of  machinery,  bromine,  tfec.     Pop.  5824. 

Pomeroy,  a  post-village  in  Sadsbury  township,  Chester 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Ilailroad,  44  miles  W.  of 
Philadelphia,  It  is  the  N.  terminus  of  the  Delaware 
Western  Ilailroad.  It  has  a  public  hall  and  a  woollen- 
factory. 

Pomeroy,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co.,  Washington! 
60  miles  E.  of  Walla  Walla.  It  has  several  churches,  a 
high  school,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  400. 

Pomeroy  Peak,  Wyoming,  is  a  high  mountain  in 
the  National  Park  of  the  Yellowstone,  near  the  Yellowstone 
Lake,  one  of  a  number  of  seemingly  huge  volcanic  cones 
composed  of  compact  trachyte. 

Pomfret,  a  town  of  England.    See  Postefract. 

Pom'fret,apost-villagein  Pomfret  township,  AVindham 
CO.,  Conn.,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Putnam,  about  26  miles  N.  by 
E.  of  Norwich,  and  20  miles  N.E.  of  Willimantic.  The 
township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Quinebaug  River, 
and  intersected  by  the  New  York  &  New  England  Ilailroad. 
It  is  celebrated  as  containing  the  cave  in  which  Gen.  Putnam 
killed  a  wolf.  Pop.  1488,  Pomfret  Station  is  at  Pomfret 
Centre. 

Pomfret,  a  township  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Lake  Erie.     Pop.  4493.     It  contains  Frcdonia,  Laona,  Ao. 

Pomfret,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pomfret  township,  Windsor 
CO.,  Vt.,  about  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rutland.  The  township 
has  a  hilly  surface  and  a  fertile  soil,  and  contains  2  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1251. 

Pomfret  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Pomfret  township, 
Windham  co.,  Conn.,  on  the  New  York  <fc  New  England 
Railroad,  at  Pomfret  Station,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Willimantio. 

Pomfret  Laud'ing,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pomfret  town- 
ship, AVindham  co..  Conn.,  on  the  Quinebaug  River,  about 
20  miles  N.E.  of  Willimantic. 

Pomigliano  d'Arco,  po-meel-yi'no  dan'ko,  a  town 
of  Italy,  province  and  8  miles  N.E.  of  Naples,  with  2  hand- 
some churches,  and  a  hospital.     Pop.  10,045. 

Pomme  de  Tcrre,  pom  d§h  tair,  a  river  of  Minne- 
sota, rises  in  Grant  co.,  runs  southward  through  the  cos.  of 
Stevens  and  Swift,  and  enters  the  Minnesota  River  about 
3  miles  S.W.  of  A]>pleton.     It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Pomme  de  Terre,*  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co.,  Minn., 
on  the  Pomme  do  Terre  River,  about  30  miles  N.W.  of 
Alexandria,     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Pomme  de  Terre  lliver,  Missouri,  drains  part  of 
Greene  co.,  runs  nearly  northward  through  the  cos.  of  Polk' 
and  Hickory,  and  enters  the  Osage  lliver  5  or  6  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Warsaw.     It  is  about  120  miles  long. 

Pommern,  a  province  of  Prussia.    See  Pomerania. 

PommeroBul,  pom^m§h-rnl',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
Hainaut,  on  the  Haine,  11  miles  AV.  of  Mons.     Pop.  2390, 

Po'mo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mendocino  co.,  Cal.,  about  60 
miles  N.  of  Cloverdale.     It  has  a  church  and  3  stores. 

Pomo'na,  or  Alain'land,  the  largest  of  the  Orkney- 
Islands,  and  nearly  in  their  centre.  Its  shape  is  very 
irregular,  and  it  is  divided  by  buys  into  two  portions,  re- 
spectively 16  and '9  miles  in  length,  breadth  varying  to  74 
miles.    Total  area,  150  square  miles.    Pop.  36,084      It  hat 


POM 


8192 


PON 


MTeral  good  harbors;  and  that  of  Stromness  is  tho  best  in 
North  Sootland.  Tho  towns  of  Kirlcwall  and  Strouinoss 
aro  reapectivoly  on  its  E.  and  S.W.  coiuits. 

Pomo'na*  a  post-offioe  and  station  of  Los  Angeles  Co., 
Cal.,  on  the  Southern  Paoi&o  llailroad  (Yuma  division),  33 
miles  E.  of  Los  Angeles. 

Pomona,  a  post-villnge  of  Jackson  co..  111.,  on  the 
Cairo  it  St.  Louis  Riiilroad,  46  miles  N.  of  Cairo.  It  has  a 
ohuroh,  a  gri^t-mill,  and  several  stores. 

Poinonn«  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Kansas,  10 
miles  W.  of  Ottawa.     It  has  a  steam  fluuring-miil.  P.  269. 

Pomonn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Md.,  4  miles  S.  of 
Chcstcrtown.     It  has  a  church. 

I'oinoiin,  a  station  of  the  Camden  <fc  Atlantic  Railroad, 
&  miles  N.W.  of  Absecon,  N.J. 

Poinunn,  a  post-office  of  Rockland  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
New  Jersey  A  Now  York  Railroad,  36  miles  N.  of  New 
York. 

Pomona,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
Camborlnnd  Mountain,  54  miles  N.E.  of  McMinnville. 

Pom  una,  a  post-office  of  Mason  oo.,  W.  Va. 

Pomonkey,  po-mung'kee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Charles  co., 
Md.,  about  42  miles  S.W.  of  Annapolis. 

Pomorzany,  po-moR-z&'noe,  a  town  of  Austrian  Gali- 
cia,  49  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lemberg.     Pop.  3572. 

Pom  padour,  p6>rpiMooR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Cor- 
rdze,  2U  miles  N.W.  of  Tulle,  with  a  national  stud,  and  a 
ch&teau  given  by  Louis  XV.  to  Madame  de  I'Etoile,  whence 
she  took  the  title  of  Marquise  de  Pompadour. 

Pom^panoo'suc,  a  post-village  of  Windsor  co.,  Vt., 
in  Norwich  township,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  and  on  the 
Passumpsic  Railroad,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  White  River 
Junction.  Copperas  (sulphate  of  iron)  is  exported  from 
this  place. 

Pompeii,  pom-pi'yee,  an  ancient  city  of  Italy,  near 
the  sea,  15  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Naples.  In  the  year  79 
A.D.  it  was  overwhelmed,  together  with  Ilcrculaneum  and 
some  other  towns,  by  an  eruption  of  Vesuvius,  from  the 
crater  of  which  it  is  distant  about  6  miles.  For  more 
than  si.\teen  centuries  its  existence  appeared  to  be  un- 
known and  its  name  almost  forgotten.  But  in  1748  some 
peasants  employed  in  cutting  a  ditch  met  with  the  ruins  of 
Pompeii,  which  soon  became  an  object  of  attention.  Ex- 
cavations were  commenced  in  1755,  and  have  been  con- 
tinued to  the  present  time.  It  appears  that  the  city  was 
enclosed  by  walls,  entered  by  several  gates,  and  had  nu- 
merous streets  paved  with  lava,  low,  terraced  houses  of 
one  story,  with  shops,  and  shop-signs  still  plainly  visible, 
several  mansions  of  a  superior  order,  a  chalcidieum,  or 
market-place,  2  theatres,  temples,  baths,  &o.  Not  only 
statues,  medals,  jewels,  and  nearly  every  kind  of  house- 
hold furniture  have  been  found  almost  unaltered,  but  even 
books  and  paintings  may  be  seen,  far  less  injured  than 
might  have  been  supposed,  when  we  take  into  considera- 
tion the  violent  catastrophe  which  destroyed  the  town  and 
the  subsequent  lapse  of  so  many  ages.  Pompeii  nut  having 
been  buried  by  lava,  but  with  tufa,  ashes,  and  scoriae,  the 
excavations  are  much  more  easily  effected  here  than  at 
llerculaneum.  Many  of  the  smaller  objects,  statues,  urns, 
utensils,  and  manuscripts,  have  been  deposited  in  the 
Museo  Nazionale  of  Naples,  the  palace  of  Portici,  and  the 
local  museum. 

Pompeii,  pom-pi'yee  (local  pron.  pom'pe-i),  a  post- 
hamlet  of  Gratiot  co.,  Mich.,  6  miles  S.  of  Ithaca.  It  has 
a  lumber-mill. 

Pompeiopolis,  or  Pompelon.    See  Pamplona. 

Pompey,  pom'pee,  or  Pompey  Hill,  a  post-village 
in  Pompey  township,  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  a  high  ridge, 
about  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Syracuse.  It  contains  4  churches 
and  an  academy.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Pompey. 
The  township  is  traversed  by  the  Syracuse  &  Chenango 
Railroad,  and  contains  a  village  named  Delphi,  a  hamlet 
named  Oran,  and  a  pop.  of  3342. 

Pompey  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pompey  township, 
Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  about  13  miles  S.E.  of  Syracuse.  It 
has  a  church. 

Pompey  Smash,  a  mining-village  of  Alleghany  co., 
Md.,  3  miles  from  Frostburg.     Coal  is  mined  here.    P.  535. 

Pompiany,  or  Pompiani,  pom-pe-i'nee,  a  town  of 
Rnssia,  in  Vilna,  13  miles  N.  of  Poneviczh.     Pop.  1500. 

Pompouesco,  pom-po-nfis'ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Mantua,  3  miles  E.  of  Viadana,  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Po.     Pop.  of  commune,  1834. 

Pomptinre  Paludes,  Italy.    See  Pontine  Maushes. 

Pomp'ton,  a  post-village  in  Porapton  township,  Pas- 
saic CO.,  N.J.,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Pequannock  Creek 
BDd  Ringwood  River,  which  form  the  Pomptou,  oq  the 


New  Jersey  Midlnnd  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  MonU 
oli#r  A  Greenwood  Lake  Railroad,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Pater< 
son,  and  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Newark.  It  has  3  churehei. 
The  township  contains  Bloomingdale  village,  and  has  man* 
ufactures  of  iron,  cur-springs,  and  files.     Pop.  18-10. 

Pompton  Plains,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pequannock  town- 
ship, Morris  co.,  N.J.,  and  on  the  New  Y'ork  <t  Greenwood 
Lake  Railroad,  17  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Newark,  and  8  milM 
N.W.  of  Paterson.     It  has  a  church. 

Pompton  River,  New  Jersey,  is  formed  by  the  Ring- 
wood  River  and  Pequannock  Creek,  which  unite  near  Pomp 
ton.  It  runs  soutliwiird,  and  enters  the  Passaic  Riverabout 
6  miles  above  Paterson. 

Pomquet  (poM'kA')  Chapel,  a  post-village  in  An- 
tigonish  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  St.  George's  Bay,  44  milat 
from  New  Glasgow.     Pop.  200. 

Pomqnct  Forks,  a  post-hamlet  in  Antigonish  oo., 
Nova  Scotia,  45  miles  from  New  Glasgow.     Pop.  400. 

Pom  Ilk,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  NK.rosn;rK. 

PonaKHii'sett,  a  village  in  Scituato  township,  Provi- 
dence CO.,  K.I.,  G  miles  from  Hope,  and  13  miles  from  Provl 
dence.     It  has  some  manufactures.     Pop.  134. 

Poiiany,  po-nA'nee,  a  town  and  seaport  of  India,  Mal». 
bar  district,  at  tho  mouth  of  the  Ponany  River,  38  milM 
S.E.  of  Calicut.  Its  population  is  mostly  of  Arab  descent, 
and  it  has  numerous  mosques.  It  exports  teak,  cocoa-nuta, 
iron,  and  rice.     Pop.  11,472. 

Ponany  lliver,  of  India,  traverses  the  Palghaut  Pass, 
to  within  15  miles  of  which  it  is  navigable  in  the  rainy 
season.     Total  course,  from  E.  to  W.,  100  miles. 

Ponapi,  Pacific  Ocean.     See  Poui.nipete. 

Ponarutty,  a  town  of  India.    See  Poonrutty. 

Pon'ca,  or  Pon'ka,  a  small  river,  rises  in  the  S.  part 
of  South  Dakota,  runs  in  an  E.S.E.  direction  through 
Gregory  and  Todd  cos.,  and  enters  the  Missouri  about  14 
miles  above  Niobrara,  Neb. 

Pon'ca,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dixon  co..  Neb.,  ii 
about  20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Sioux  City,  Iowa,  and  2  miles 
from  the  Missouri  River.  It  has  2  newspaper  office.'',  3 
churches,  and  a  money-order  post-office.    Pop.  (1890)  1009. 

Pon'ca  Agency,  near  Fort  Randall,  Todd  co.,  S.D., 
is  on  the  Missouri  River,  40  miles  above  Yanktim. 

Ponce,  pon'si,  a  town  of  Porto  Rico,  IJ  miles  N.  of 
the  S.  coast  of  the  island.  It  has  a  tolerable  roadstead,  and 
on  the  beach  stand  the  custom-house  and  warehouses.  The 
town  is  built  of  wood,  but  has  good  public  edifices  and  a  ]arg« 
export  trade  in  sugar,  coffee,  and  molasses,  with  some  cot- 
ton and  tobacco.  Pop.  18,000.  It  has  gas-works  and  a 
hospital,  and  is  capital  of  tho  province  of  Ponce. 

PonVcan'nah,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  Fla. 

Ponce  de  Leon,  pSnss  d^h  le'On  (Sp.  pron.  p6n'th& 
di  li-6n'),  a  post-office  of  Walton  co.,  Fla.,  about  90  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Pensacola. 

Ponce  de  Leon  Bay,  an  inlet  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Monroe  co.,  Fla.  It  contains  a  group  of  islets  known  as  th« 
Thousand  Islands. 

Ponchatoula,pon*sha-too'la,  a  post-village  of  Tangi- 
pahoa parish.  La.,  on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago 
Railroad,  48  miles  N.N.W.  of  New  Orleans.  It  has  3 
churches.    Here  are  forests  of  magnolia,  Ac.     Pop.  320. 

Pon'cho  Creek,  Colorado,  rises  in  tho  Saguacho 
Mountains,  near  the  Poncho  Pass,  runs  nearly  northward, 
and  enters  the  Arkansas  River  in  Fremont  co.,  about  25 
miles  above  Canon  City. 

Poncho  (or  Pun'cho)  Pass,  Colorado,  is  near  lat. 
38°  30'  N.,  and  is  a  depression  in  the  main  or  Snowy 
Range  of  the  Rocky  Mountains.  It  le.-ids  from  the  valley 
of  the  Arkansas  into  the  N.  part  of  San  Luis  Park.  ItJ 
altitude  is  said  to  be  8600  feet. 

Poncho  (or  Punchoi  Springs,  a  post-village  of 
Chaffee  co.,  Col.,  65  miles  W.N.W.  of  Canon  City.  It  is 
near  the  Poncho  Pass.     It  has  a  church. 

Pond,  a  post-office  of  St.  Louis  co..  Mo. 

Pond  Creek,  a  station  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island 
<t  Pacific  Railroad,  29  miles  W.  of  La  Salle,  111. 

Pond  Creek,  a  village  of  Campbell  co.,  Ky.,  about  17 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Cincinnati.     It  has  3  churches. 

Pond  Creek,  a  township  of  Greene  co..  Mo.   Pop.  882. 

Pond  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Cheatham  co.,  Tenn. 

Pond  Creek,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Tex.,  12 
miles  from  Brenham.  It  has  a  store,  a  grist-mill,  and  a 
saw-mill. 

Pond  Creek  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Tnd. 

Pond  Ed'dy,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
tho  Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  99  miles  N.W. 
of  New  York.  It  has  2  churches.  Pond  Eddy  Station  if 
across  the  river,  in  Pike  co.,  Pa.,  at  Crescent. 


PON 


2193 


PON 


Ponderano,pon-dd-r4'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
of  Turin,  and  near  Biella.     Pop.  1476. 

Pond  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Ga. 

Pond  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Ky. 

Poiidicherry,  punMe-shSr'ree  (Fr.  PoHdichSrj/,ji6T^^- 
dee'slii'rce'),  sometimes  called  Pututsheri,  a  maritime 
town  and  the  capital  of  the  French  settlements  in  India, 
on  the  Coromandel  coast,  83  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Madras.  Lat. 
11°  65'  N. ;  Ion.  79°  49'  E.  It  stands  on  a  sandy  plain,  and 
is  divided  by  a  canal  into  a  European  and  a  native  town. 
It  is  enclosed  by  planted  boulevards,  and  in  its  centre  is  a 
liandsomc  square,  in  which  are  the  government  house,  &o. 
It  hivs  a  European  college,  an  Indian  school,  a  botiinic  gar- 
den, and  the  high  court  for  the  French  possessions  in  India. 
It  has  no  port,  but  only  an  open  roadstead,  with  a  light- 
house. The  territory  around  the  town,  5  miles  in  length 
from  X.  to  S.,  by  4  miles  in  breadth,  is  partly  watered  by 
the  Gingee  lliver.  Some  rice,  indigo,  tobacco,  betel,  cotton, 
and  cocoa-nuts  are  raised,  which,  with  guinees,  or  fine  cot- 
ton cloths  dyed  blue,  India  handkerchiefs,  and  cotton  yarn, 
form  the  chief  exports.  Pop.  of  the  territory,  135,286 ;  of 
the  town,  43,341. 

Pond  Island,  at  the  entrance  of  Kennebec  River,  Me. 
On  it  is  a  fixed  light,  62  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 
Lat.  43°  42'  N. ;  Ion.  69°  44'  W. 

Pond  River,  Kentucky,  rises  in  Todd  co.,  runs  north- 
ward, forms  the  W.  boundary  of  Muhlenburg  co.,  and  en- 
tors  Green  River  5  miles  W.  of  Calhoun.    Length,  60  miles. 

Pond  Ilun,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scioto  co.,  0.,  in  Nile 
township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  8  miles  below  Portsmouth, 
llere  is  a  quarry  of  freestone. 

Pond's  t»ap,  a  post-office  of  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Chesapeake  <fe  Ohio  Railroad,  19  miles  W.S.W.  of  Staunton. 

Pond  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Walker  co.,  Ga. 

Pond  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Williamson  co.,  Tex. 

Pond  Town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Miller  co.,  Ga.,  15  miles 
from  Bainbridge.     It  has  a  church. 

Pond'ville,  a  post-office  of  Bibb  co.,  Ala. 

Pondville,  a  hamlet  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  in  Auburn 
township.     It  has  a  satinet-fivctory, 

Pondville,  a  post-office  of  Sumner  co.,  Tenn. 

Pondville,  a  hamlet  in  New  Fane  township,  Windham 
CO.,  Vt.,  about  12  miles  N.AV.  of  Brattleborough.  It  has  a 
ichurch,  2  saw-mills,  and  a  flour-mill. 
1  Poneviezh,  or  Poneviej,  po-ni.-ve-3zh',  written 
also  Poneviesch,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Kovno, 
,84  miles  N.N.W.  of  Vilna,  on  an  atUuent  of  the  Niemen. 
Pop.  7224. 

Po'ney  HoI'low,  a  post-hamlet  in  Newfield  township, 
Tompkins  co.,  N.Y.,  about  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Elmira.  It 
itas  2  lumber-mills. 

i  -  Ponferrada,  pon-fSR-ai'DJ.,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
ind  47  miles  AV.  of  Leon.     Pop.  2400. 

I  Pong,  or  Bong,  the  northernmost  province  of  the  Bur- 
mese dominions,  between  lat.  26°  and  27°  N.  and  Ion.  96° 
md  99°  E.,  having  E.  China,  N.  Thibet,  and  AV.  Upper 
issani.     Chief  town,  Moonkhom. 

I  Ponga,  pong'gi,  a  maritime  town  of  Lower  Siam,  on 
we  W.  coast  of  the  Malay  Peninsula,  N.  of  the  island  of 
Bnnk-Ceylon.  Lat.  8°  8'  N.;  Ion.  98°  17'  E. 
I  Pongas,  pong'gis,  or  Pougo,  pong'go,  a  river  of 
Benegambia,  enters  the  Atlantic  near  lat.  10°  S.,  Ion.  14° 
!V.    Between  its  mouths  are  the  Pongas  Islands. 

Pong-Hou,  or  Pescadores.    See  Phexg-Hoo. 

Ponikia,  po-nik'li,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  27  miles 
v.E.  of  Bidsehow,  on  the  Iser.     Pop.  1800. 

Ponkapoak,  punk'a-pok,  or  Fonkapog,  punk'a- 
lug,  a  post-hamlet  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  13  miles  S.  by  AV. 
f  Boston.  It  has  a  manufactory  of  Cardigan  jackets. 
'he  post-office  name  is  Ponkapog. 

Ponka  lliver.  South  Dakota.     See  Ponca. 

Ponola,  Mississippi.    See  Panola.. 

Ponon'a,  a  post-office  of  Plymouth  co.,  Iowa,  14  miles 
7.  of  Lemars. 

Ponorgo,  po-noB'go,  a  town  of  Java,  92  miles  S.E.  of 
amarang. 

Pons,  p6s>',  a  town  of  France,  in  Charente-Inferieure, 
n  the  Seugne,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Saintes.  Pop.  3440.  It 
)nsists  of  an  old  and  a  new  town,  and  has  an  old  castle,  2 
lurches,  tanneries,  stone-quarries,  and  an  active  trade  in 

ines  and  brandy. 

Ponsacco,  pon-slk'ko,  formerly  Ponte  di  Sacco, 

m'th,  dee  sdk'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Pisa. 

00.3110. 

Pons  /Elii,    See  NEWCASTLE-upoN-TrNE. 

Pont  (i.e.,  "bridge"),  a  prefix  to  the  names  of  numer- 

18  towns  and  villages  of  France.    See  Pontjs  and  Puente. 


Pontae,  piNoHlk',  a  town  of  France,  in  Basses-PyrS- 
n6es,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Pau.     Pop.  2198. 

Pont-a-Celles,  p6Nt-S,-sdll,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
Namur,  with  a  station  on  the  Brussels  &  Namur  Railway, 
N.AV.  of  Charleroi. 

Ponta  Delgada,  pon'ti  dSl-gl'dS,,  improperly  written 
Ponte  Delgado,  the  largest  town,  though  not  the  capi- 
tal, of  the  Azores  Islands,  on  the  island  of  Sao  Miguel.  Lat. 
37°  40' N.;  Ion.  26°  36' W.  Pop.  16,885.  It  is  a  well-built 
town,  defended  on  the  seaside  AV.  by  the  castle  of  St.  Braz, 
and  about  3  miles  to  the  E.  by  the  forts  of  Sao  Pedro  and 
Rosto  de  Cao.  The  principal  buildings  are  6  churches,  a 
cathedral,  8  monasteries,  a  convent,  and  a  neat  English 
chapel.  The  anchorage  in  the  roadstead  has  been  much 
improved  by  the  construction  of  a  breakwater,  and  the  trade 
is  considerable.  The  chief  exports  are  wheat,  maize,  and 
oranges,  and  the  imports  cotton  and  silk  tissues,  hard- 
wares, <fcc. 

Ponta  de  Pedras,  pon'ti  dd  pi'dris,  in  Brazil,  state 
of  Pard,  is  a  projecting  point  on  the  Rio  Negro,  where  the 
rocks  form  curious  corridors  and  chambers. 

Pontadera,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Pontedeua. 

Ponta  do  Caju,  pon'ti  do  ki-zhoo',  a  sandy  promon- 
tory of  Brazil,  which  projects  into  the  Bay  of  Rio,  about  4 
miles  N.AV.  of  Rio  Janeiro. 

Pontailler,  p6N»H4h'yi'  or  p6N<>Hiry4.',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Cote-d'Or,  on  an  island  in  the  SaOne,  17  miles 
E.  of  Dijon.     Pop.  1215. 

Pontaipret,  a  town  of  Siam.    See  Cambodia. 

Pontal,  pon-til',  a  small  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Goyaz, 
near  the  AV.  bank  of  the  Tocantins. 

Pont-^-Mousson,  p6.\t-i-moos's6xo',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Meurthe-et-i\Ioselle,  15  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Nancy, 
on  the  Moselle.  Pop.  9904.  It  has  a  communal  college, 
bhist-furnaces,  tanneries,  oil-mills,  and  potteries. 

Pontarlier,  piNoHanMe-i',  a  town  of  France,  in  Doubs, 
36  miles  S.E.  of  Besanjon,  at  the  entrance  of  a  mountain- 
pass  into  Switzerland.  Pop.  6163.  It  has  a  communal 
college,  10  saw-mills,  5  flour-mills,  and  manufactures  of 
cheese,  absinthe,  nails,  Ac. 

Pontassicve,  pon-tds-se-i'vi,  or  Ponte-a-Sieve, 
pon'ti-i-se-i'vd,  a  town  of  Itiily,  12  miles  E.  of  Florence, 
on  the  Sieve.     Pop.  of  commune,  10,192. 

Pont-Audemer,  p6Nt-oM§h-maiit',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Eure,  42  miles  by  rail  N.AA'^.  of  Evreux,  on  the  Rille.  It 
has  manufactures  of  leather,  cotton,  paper,  hardware,  Ac, 
and  a  large  trade  in  leather,  grain,  and  cloth.     Pop.  6182, 

Pont-Aven,  p6.Nt-i'v6x»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Finis- 
tore,  with  a  port  on  the  small  river  Avon,  9  miles  AV.  of 
Quimperle.     Pop.  1030. 

Ponta  Verde,  pon'ti  vSa'di  (i.e.,  "Green  Point"),  or 
Ponta  de  Jaragua,  pon'ti  d^  zhi-ri'gwS.,  a  promon- 
tory of  Brazil,  state  of  Alagoas,  having  the  port  of  Pajus- 
sara  on  its  N.  and  that  of  Jani.gua  on  its  S.  side. 

Pontcharra,  p6N>»^sh3,n'ui',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Isere,  arrondissement  of  Grenoble.  Pop.  1289.  Near  it  is 
a  ruined  castle,  the  birthplace  of  Chevalier  Bayard. 

Pontchartrain  (pon^char-tran')  Lake,  Louisiana,  is 
about  6  miles  N.  of  New  Orleans,  and  2  or  3  miles  E.  of 
Lake  Maurepas,  with  which  it  is  connected.  It  is  40  milea 
long  and  25  miles  wide.  It  is  navigable  by  steamboats, 
which  pass  from  this  lake  through  the  Rigolets  into  Lake 
Borgne  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  is  connected  with  the 
Mississippi  by  a  canal  which  extends  to  New  Orleans. 

Pont  Chateau,  piN"  shaHo',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Loire-Inferieure,  8  miles  N.A\\  of  Saven.ay.     Pop.  841. 

Pont  Chateau,  a  post-village  in  Soulanges  co.,  Que- 
bec, 5  miles  from  Coteau  Station.  It  contains  a  tannery 
and  2  stores.     Pop.  120. 

Fontchy,  p6No'shee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Savoy, 
Pop.  1099. 

Pont- Croix,  p6x<'-kRw3,',  a  town  of  France,  in  F'inis- 
t6re,  18  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Quimper,  on  an  inlet  of  the  sea. 

Pont"d'Ain,  p6N<'-dS.No',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ain,  11 
miles  S.E.  of  Bourg,  on  the  Ain.     Pop.  1486. 

Pont  d'Armentera,  pont  daii-inSn-ti'rS.,  a  vill.age 
of  Spain,  province  and  N.N.E.  of  Tarragona.     Poj).  1180. 

Pont-ue-Beauvoisin,p6N'"-d?h-boVwi'zdN»',atown 
of  France,  in  Isere,  11  miles  E.S.E.  of  La  Tour  du  Pin,  on 
the  Guiers.     Pop.  1873. 

Pont-de-Bellegarde,p6N>>-d?h-b6irgaRd',  a  hamlet 
of  France,  in  Ain,  arrondissement  of  Nantua,  with  a  cus- 
tom-house.    Near  it  is  the  celebrated  Pcrte  du  Rhone. 

Pont-de-Camares,  France.     See  CAMAiiiis. 

Pont-de-l'Arche,  p6s«-d§h-laRsh,  a  town  of  France, 
in  Eure,  7  miles  N.  of  Louviers,  on  the  Seine,  and  on  tba 
railway  to  Rouen.     Pop.  1643. 


PON 


2194 


PON 


Pont  do  MaskinonRe,  rans'ko-nonj',  or  inaski- 
n«Mige  liridge,  a  post-villugo  of  Quoboo,  oo.  of  Moaki- 
nntigo,  on  the  N.  ahoro  of  the  St.  Lawrenoe,  27  mil«i  ubovo 
Three  Uivera.  It  hu  4  itoros,  and  saw-,  gritft-,  and  oard- 
inK-iuill8.     Pop.  ."ioO. 

I*ont«do«Koidevp6N*-dQh-nw&d,  a  village  of  France, 
in  Doubs,  on  the  Doubs,  11  miles  8.  of  Montb6liiird.  It 
biis  a  oonpor-foundry,  a  bliut  furnooe,  and  luanufautures 
of  «tvel,  hardware,  Ac.     Pup.  2363. 

Pont-dc»VauX)  p6N«-d9h-vO,  a  town  of  France,  in 
Ain,  20  uiilos  N.W.  of  Bourg,  on  the  Iteyssouse.  Pop. 
2UI0.  It  hii8  manufaotures  of  oarthonwaro,  cotton  goods, 
leather,  oil,  and  ropus. 

Poiit-dO'Voyle,  pftNa-d^h-vail,  a  town  of  France,  in 
Ain,  17  uiiics  W.  of  Bourg,  on  the  Voylo.     Pop.  1412. 

Poiit>du>ChAteanvpAN<>-dU-8hil'tu',atown  of  France, 
in  Puy-de-Dduio,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Clormont-Ferrand,  on 
the  Allior.  It  has  a  coal-mine,  a  distillory,  and  a  manu- 
factory of  cordage.     Pop.  3423. 

Pont«du-Gard,  France.    See  N!mk8. 

Ponte^pon'ti  (from  the  Latin  A>»«),a  word  in  Italian 
and  Portuguese  signifying  a  "  bridge,"  forming  part  of 
numerous  names  in  the  S.  of  Europe. 

Ponte,  pon'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  25  miles  N.  of  Turin, 
at  the  conHuenco  of  the  Orca  and  Saona.     Pop.  4560. 

Ponte^  a  village  of  Italy,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Sondrio,  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  Adda.     Pop.  3055. 

Poiite  all'  Ogiio,  a  village  of  Italy.    See  Pontoolio. 

Pontc-a-Sieve,  Italy.     See  Postassievb. 

Ponteba,  pon-t4'b&,  or  Pontcbba,  pon-t4b'b&,  a 
village  of  Italy,  31  miles  N.  of  Udino.     Pop.  1990. 

PontecorvOy  pon-tA-kon'vo  (ano.  Freycl'ltef),  a  town 
of  Italy,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Frosinone,  on  the  loft  bank  of 
the  Garigliano.  Pop.  10,754.  It  has  a  castle  and  a  cathe- 
dral. Bernadotte  received  from  Napoleon  the  title  of 
Prince  of  Pontccorvo. 

Poiite  Curone,  pon'ti  koo-ro'ni,  a  village  of  Italy, 
in  Alessandria,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Tortona,  on  the  Curone. 
Pop.  of  commune,  3006. 

Ponte  de  Ilarca,  pon'ti  di  ban'ki,  a  town  of  Por- 
tugal, province  of  Minho,  on  the  Lima,  near  Ponte  de  Lima. 

Ponte  Delgado,  Azores.     See  Po.vta  Delgada. 

Ponte  de  liimat  pon'ti  di  leo'mi,  a  town  of  Por- 
tugal, province  of  Minho,  on  the  Lima,  13  miles  N.W.  of 
Br.as^a.     Pop.  2064. 

Ponte  dell'  OIlio,  pon'ti  ddll  ol'le-o,  a  town  of 
Italy,  15  miles  S.  of  Piaoenza,  on  the  Nura.  Pop.  of  com- 
jiune,  3S56. 

Ponte  de  Pinheiro,  pon'ti  dipeen-yi'o-ro,  a  village 
of  Brazil,  state  and  26  miles  N.E.  of  Rio  Janeiro,  on  the 
Mac.acu  River. 

Pontedera,  pon-ti-di'ri,  Pontedra,  pon-ti'dri,  or 
Pontadcra,  pon-ti-di'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
13  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pisa,  on  the  Era,  at  its  confluence  with 
the  Arno.     Pop.  10,817,  who  manufacture  cotton  fabrics. 

Ponte  di  Legno,  pon'ti  dee  ISn'yo,  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  and  30  miles  N.E.  of  Bergamo. 

Ponte  di  Sacco,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Possacco. 

Ponte  do  Uio  Verde,  pon'ti  do  ree'o  v^R'di,  a  vil- 
lage and  parish  of  Brazil,  state  of  Minas-Geraes,  15  miles 
N.B.  of  Ciimpanha,  on  the  Rio  Verde. 

Ponte  do  Soro,  pon'ti  do  so'ro,  a  town  of  Portugal, 
province  of  Estremadura,  on  the  Soro,  16  miles  S.E.  of 
Abnintes.     Pop.  2196. 

Pontedra,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  PoNTEnEUA. 

Pontefract,  pom'fr^t  (L.  Pous  Fractns,  i.e..  "broken 
bridge"),  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West  Riding,  on 
the  Aire,  and  on  the  Yorkshire  A  Lancashire  Railway,  21 
miles  S.S.W.  of  York.  Pop.  5350.  The  principal  edifices 
are  the  town  hall,  with  a  jail  and  court-house,  the  market- 
cross,  a  church,  a  Roman  Catholic  and  other  chapels,  a 
grammar-school  and  several  other  schools,  and  almshouses. 
The  famous  castle  of  Pomfret,  in  which  Richard  II.  died, 
and  where  Rivers,  Grey,  and  Vaughan  were  put  to  death 
by  order  of  Richard  III.,  is  now  in  ruins.  The  town  has 
several  public  libraries  and  news-rooms.  Pontefract  sends 
two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Ponte  Lagoscuro,  pon'ti  li-gos-koo'ro,  a  town  of 
Italy,  4  miles  N.  of  Ferrar.a,  with  a  free  port,  and  extensive 
transport  trade  on  the  Po.     Pop.  6000. 

Ponte  Landolfo,  pon'ti  lin-dol'fo,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  19  miles  S.  of  Campobasso.     Pop.  4995. 

Pont>en-Royans,  p6Nt-6No-roi'y6N<>',  a  town  of 
Prance,  in  IstSro,  5  miles  S.  of  Saint-Marcellin.     Pop.  1140. 

Ponte  San  Pietro,  pon'ti  sin  pe-i'tro,  a  village  of 
Italy,  province  and  5  miles  £.  by  S.  of  Bergamo,  on  the 
Brembo.     Pop   1504. 


Ponte  Stnra,  pon'ti  stoo'ri,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
incc  of  Alessandria,  6  miles  W.N.W.  of  C'osalc,  on  the  Po 
at  the  influx  of  the  Stura.     Pop.  2024.  ' 

Pontcvedra,  jion-ti-vi'dri  (anc.  /'i»ii»  Ve'tunf),  a 
town  of  Spain,  capital  of  the  nrovince  of  Pontcvedra,  on 
the  Lcrey,  near  tho  Bay  of  Pontevodra,  and  13  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Vigo.  Pop.  6718.  It  is  surrounded  by  walij, 
ami  has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  Ac.  It  has  a  brink 
coasting-trade  and  nn  extensive  pilchard-fishery.  Tlio 
province  has  nn  area  of  1739  square  miles.     Pop.  46'.I,4:?'J. 

Pontcvico,  pon-ti-vee'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  19  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Brescia,  on  tho  Oglio.     Pop.  6202. 

Pont-Faverger,  i)6N»-fi'vaii*zhi',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Marne,  12  miles  E.N.K.  of  Reims.     Pop.  2208. 

Pont-Gibaud,  p6.v-zheo'bo',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Puy-de-D6mo,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Riom.     Pop.  1106. 

Porithiamus,  Cochin  China.    See  Cavcao. 

Pontia  and  Pontile  Insula;.    See  Ponza. 

Pontiac,  pon't?-ak,  a  city,  capital  of  Livingston  oo., 
III.,  in  Pontiao  township,  on  the  Vermilion  River,  93  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Chicago,  33  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bloomington,  and 
about  35  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Ottawa.  It  is  on  the  Chicago  A 
Alton  Railroad,  near  its  junction  with  the  Chicago  A 
Paducah  Railroad,  which  also  passes  through  Pontiac.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  national 
banks,  1  other  bank,  the  Illinois  State  Reform  School,  and 
7  churches.     Pop.  in  1S90,  27S4  :  of  the  township,  4(i66. 

Pontiac,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  oo.,  Kansas,  6  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  El  Dorado. 

Pontiac,  a  oity,  the  capital  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  on 
Clinton  River,  and  on  tho  Detroit  A  Milwaukee  Ituilroad, 
26  miles  N.N.W.  of  Detroit,  38  miles  S.S.E.  of  Flint,  and 
about  34  miles  N.E.  of  Ann  Arbor.  It  contains  a  court- 
house, 2  high  schools,  8  churches,  2  national  bunks,  1  other 
bank,  printing-offices  which  issue  2  or  3  weekly  newspapers, 
and  a  reform  school  founded  by  the  state  in  1871.  llero  is 
a  largo  asylum  for  the  insane,  erected  about  1877  at  a  cost 
of  nearly  $500,000  ;  also  several  iron-foundries,  brick-yards, 
5  flouring-milis,  and  2  planing-mills.  It  has  a  high-school 
building  which  cost  $70,000.  Largo  quantities  of  wool, 
wheat,  flour,  and  butter  are  shipped  here.  This  city  is 
surrounded  by  many  small  and  beautiful  lakes.  Pontiao 
was  incorporated  in  1861.  Pop.  in  1870,4867;  in  18S0, 
4509;  in  1890,  6200. 

Pontiac,  a  post-village  in  Evans  township,  Erie  CO., 
N.Y.,  on  Big  Sister  Creek,  22  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Uuffalo.  It 
has  a  tannery,  2  saw-mills,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  100. 

Pontiac,  a  post-oflice  of  Huron  co.,  0.,  and  a  station 
on  the  Sandusky,  Mansfield  A  Newark  Railroad,  19  miles 
S.  of  Sandusky.     Here  is  a  church. 

Pontiac,  Shelby  co.,  0.     See  Kiukwood. 

Pontiac,  a  post-village  in  Warwick  township,  Kent 
CO.,  R.I.,  on  the  Hartford,  Providence  A  Fishkill  and  Pon- 
tiac Branch  Railroads,  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Providence.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  cotton-factory.     Pop.  687. 

Pontianak,  pon-tc-i-nik',  a  town,  capital  of  the  Dutch 
settlements  on  the  W.  coast  of  Borneo,  and  of  a  kingdom  of 
its  own  name,  is  situated  on  the  river  Knpuas,  near  its  mouth. 
Lat.  0°  3'  S.;  Ion.  109°  20'  E.  It  has  a  fort,  and  e.\porU 
diamonds,  pepper,  gold-dust,  and  edible  birds'-nests. 

Ponticclli,  pon-to-ch4l'lce,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
and  4  miles  E.  of  Naples.     Pop.  6593. 

Pontifical  States.    See  Italv. 

Pontine  (pon'tin)  Marsh'es  (It.  Pahidi  Pontine,  jA- 
loo'dee  pon-tee'ni;  Fr.  Murais  I'ontint,  miVi'  p6N"Ui.N»'; 
anc.  Pompti'ux  Palti'des),  a  marshy  tract  of  Italy,  in  the 
S.  portion  of  the  Carapagna  di  Roma,  extending  along  the 
coasts  of  the  Mediterranean,  from  Cisterna  on  the  N.  to 
Terracina  on  the  S.,  a  distance  of  25  miles.  These  marshes 
existed  during  the  time  of  tho  Romans,  who,  by  the  con- 
struction of  the  Appian  Way,  and  cutting  numerous  canals 
through  them,  had  laid  a  considerable  portion  dry  ;  but  tho 
general  neglect  of  the  work  during  tho  latter  years  of  the 
empire,  and  the  subsequent  confusion,  allowed  theui  to  re- 
turn almost  to  their  original  condition.  Several  of  the 
popes  made  many  eflbrts  to  drain  them,  and  partially  suc- 
ceeded;  but  largo  tracts  still  remain  almost  uninhabited. 
The  region  is  highly  fertile,  but  extremely  pestilential. 

Pontita,pon-teo'ti,  or  Pontida,  pon-tce'di,  a  village 
of  Italy,  province  of  Bergamo,  1  mile  W.  of  Caprino.  Pop. 
of  commune,  2U33. 

Pontivy,p6x"'tee'vee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Morbihan, 
on  the  Blavet,  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Vannes.  Pop.  6402.  It 
has  marble-quarries,  forges,  and  manufactures  of  cloths, 
leather,  and  iron  tools.  It  was  the  capital  of  the  ancient 
duchy  of  Rohan,  and  for  some  time  bore  the  name  of 
Napol6onville. 


PON- 


^195 


POO 


Pont-l'Abb6,   p6x°-liVb4',   a    town   of   France,  in 

Finistere,  on  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Quim- 
por.  Pop.  3827.  It  has  manufactures  of  chemical  prod- 
ucts and  farina. 

Pont-l'Ev6que,  pA.v-lASfik',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Calvados,  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Caen.     Pop.  2373. 

Poutlicue,  p6N<>'le-uh',  a  village  of  France,  in  Sarthe, 
2  miles  S.  of  Mans,  on  the  Huisne.     Pop.  3903. 

Pontoglio,  pon-tdl'yo,  or  Ponte  all'  Oglio,  pon'ti 
ill  Ol'yo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Brescia,  4  miles 
N.W.  of  Chiari,  on  the  Oglio.     Pop.  1916. 

Poiitoise,  pisoHwiz',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-et- 
Oise,  19  miles  N.W.  of  Paris,  on  the  right  banlcof  the  Oise, 
near  the  Northern  Railway.  Pop.  6301.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  chemical  products  and  leather.  Many  of  the  kings 
of  France  resided  here. 

Poiitoo'suc,  a  post-village  in  Pontoosuo  township, 
Hancock  co..  111.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  2  miles  below 
Dallas  City,  about  15  miles  below  Burlington,  Iowa,  and  22 
luiles  N.N.lil.  of  Warsaw.  It  has  a  church,  a  banking-house, 
a  mill,  Ac,     Pop.  about  300;  of  the  township,  1946. 

Pontoosuc,  a  village  in  Pittsfield  township,  Berkshire 
CO.,  Mass.,  2  miles  N.  of  Pittsfield.  It  has  a  manufactory 
of  blankets. 

Pou'totoc',  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Mississippi,  has 
an  area  of  about  630  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Loosascoona  and  Tallabatchee  Rivers.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating, and  mostly  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Gulf  <fc  Chicago  Railroad, 
which  connects  with  Pontotoc,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
1     12,525;  in  1880,  13,858;  in  1890,  14,940, 

I  Pontotoc,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Pontotoc  co.,  Miss., 
■bout  65  miles  N.N.W.  of  Columbus,  and  50  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Holly  Springs.  It  contains  a  newspaper  office,  a  female 
seminary,  and  5  churches.  Pop.  about  700. 
Poiitremoli,  pon-trSm'o-le,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Massa  e  Carrara,  at  the  S.  declivity  of  the  Apennines, 
23  miles  N.W,  of  Carrara,  Pop.  12,625.  It  is  divided  into 
■    an  upper  and  a  lower  town  :  the  former  is  enclosed  by  mass- 

iive  fortifications  and  defended  by  an  old  castle;  the  latter 
is  modern,  and  contains  many  handsome  mansions.  It  has 
[  a  cathedral,  and  manufactures  of  silks,  linens,  and  wine. 
!  Pont-Saint- Esprit,  p6N»-sS,st-6s'pree',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Gard,  24  miles  N.N.E.  of  Uzes,  on  the  Rhone. 
Pop.  3382.  It  has  a  citadel,  built  by  Louis  XIII.,  an  active 
trade,  and  manufactures  of  edge-tools,  thread,  combs,  <tc. 

Punt-Saint-Maxence,  p6N«-siNo-mix'6Nss',  a  town 
of  France,  in  Oise,  7  miles  N.  of  Senlis,  on  tho  Oise.  Pop. 
2225.  It  has  tanneries  and  manufactures  of  chemical 
products,  kc. 

Pont-Scorff,  p6N<'-skorfiF,  a  town  of  France,  in  Morbi- 

in,  6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lorient.     Pop.  1681, 

Poiits-de-Ce,   p6N<'-d§h-si,   a  town  of  France,  in 

aine-et-Loire,  3  miles  S.S.E.  of  Angers.     Pop.  1876. 

Pont-suf- Yonne,  p6s>'-siiR-yonn',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Yonne,  6  miles  N.N.W,  of  Sens,  on  tho  Yonne,  and  on 
tho  Paris  <fe  Lyons  Railway.     Pop,  1903. 

Pont-Valain,  p6N<"-vi.MiVN»',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Sarthe,  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  La  Floche.     Pop.  1862, 

Pon'typool,  a  town  of  England,  co,  of  Monmouth,  at 
a  railway  junction,  8  miles  N.N.W,  of  Newport,  Pop, 
4834,  employed  in  large  coal-  and  iron-works. 

Poll t-y-Pridd,pont-e-priTir,  a  village  of  Wales,  CO.  of 
Glamorgan,  on  the  Taf  River,  near  Lantwit.     It  has  coal- 

d  tin-works,  manufactures  of  chains  and  cables. 

Po'iiy,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Montana. 

Poiiza,  pon'zi  (ane.  Pou'tla),  the  chief  of  a  group  of 

all  islands  (anc.  In'sulte  Pon'tiee)  in  the  Mediterranean 

,  province  of  Civserta.  Italy,  29  miles  S.W.  of  Terracina. 

lat.  40°  53'  N. ;  Ion.  12°  57'  6"  E.     It  has  a  commodious 

d  well-defended  harbor,  and  a  governor's  house.     Pop. 

45.     Tlie  other  islands  are  uninhabited. 

Poiizoiie,  pon-zo'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Ales- 
sandria, 9  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Acqui.     Pop.  3390. 

Poo-Chiiig-Hien,  or  Pou-Ching-Hieii,  poo^- 
ching'-he-dn',  a  town  of  China,  province  of  Fo-Kien,  on  a 
tributary  of  the  Min.  It  is  surrounded  by  walls  and  ram- 
part.?, apparently  of  a  very  ancient  date^  and  by  extensive 
suburbs.     Pop.  above  10,000. 

Poo-Choo,  PoH-'rchou,  or  Pu-Chu,  poo-choo', 
a  city  of  China,  province  of  Shan-See,  On  an  affluent  of  the 
Uoang-Ho.     Lat,  34°  54'  N. ;  Ion.  110°  5'  E. 

Poo'diac,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co..  New  Brunswick, 
9  miles  from  Sussex,     Pop.  100. 

Poodoocottah,  or  Pudukota,  poo"  doo-kot'ta,  called 
also  Tou'dimau  and  Rajah  Toudiman's  Country, 


a  tributary  state  of  India,  Madras  presidency,  about  lat. 
10°  6'-10°  46'  N.,  Ion.  78°  33'-79°  16'  E.  Area,  1380 
square  miles.  Capital,  Poodoocottah,  a  handsome,  pop- 
ulous, and  regularly-built  place,  28  miles  S.E.  of  Trichi- 
nopoly.  It  has  a  fine  mosque,  a  palace,  and  some  temples. 
Total  pop.  316,695. 

Pool,  a  post-office  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich. 

Pool,  a  post-office  of  Rowan  co.,  N.C. 

PooMajee',  a  town  of  Beloochistan,  province  of  Cutch 
Gundava,  on  the  route  between  the  Indus  and  the  Bolan 
Pass.     Lat.  29°  3'  N.;  Ion.  68°  30'  E. 

Poole,  pool,  a  seaport  of  England,  and  a  county  of  itself, 
in  Dorset,  on  a  peninsula  at  the  N.  side  of  Poole  Harbor, 
6i  miles  S.  of  Wimborne  Minster,  on  the  London  &  South- 
west Railway,  18  miles  E.  of  Dorchester.  Pop.  14,732, 
The  principal  buildings  are  the  church,  a  chapel  of  ease, 
and  some  dissenting  chapels,  the  guild  hall  with  the  jail, 
tho  exchange,  museum,  custom-house,  public  librarj',  and 
workhouse.  The  town  is  bordered  by  spacious  quays,  close 
to  which  vessels  drawing  14  feet  of  water  can  anchor.  The 
port  has  an  extensive  commerce  with  the  colonies,  a  coasting- 
trade,  and  exports  of  corn,  Purbeck  clay,  timber,  <fcc.  Poolo 
returns  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Poole,  a  post-village  in  Perth  co.,  Ontario,  12i  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Stratford.     Pop.  200. 

Poole  Har'bor,  an  inlet  in  the  English  Channel,  6 
miles  in  length,  having  S.  the  Isle  of  Purbeck,  The  tide 
here  ebbs  and  flovvs  twice  in  the  12  hours,  owing  to  goo- 
graphical  peculiarities  in  the  position  of  the  harbor. 

Poole  Island,  Chesapeake  Bay,  17i  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
Bftltimore.     On  it  is  a  light-house,  exhibiting  a  fixed  light. 

Poole's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Webster  co.,  Ky. 

Poolesville,  pooh'vil,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  Md.,  about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Washington,  D.C,  It  has 
5  churches, 

Poolewe,  pool-yu',  a  village  of  Scotland,  on  the  W. 
coast  of  Ross-shire,  at  tho  head  of  Loch  Ewe,  60  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  Dingwall, 

Poolo,  Poulo,  or  Pulo,  poo'lo,  a  word  signifying 
"island,"  prefixed  to  the  names  of  many  Malay  islands,  as 
Poolo  DAMjfAR,  <fec.  For  those  not  undermentioned,  see 
additional  name. 

Poolo  Anna,  Pacific  Ocean.     See  CuniiENT  Island. 

Poolo  Aur,  Malay  Peninsula.     See  Aon. 

Poolo  Ay,  or  Pool  o  Way,  one  of  the  Banda  Islands. 

Poolo  Baniak,  poo'lo  bi-ne-ik',  an  island  off  tho 
S.W.  coast  of  Sumatra,  in  lat.  2°  30'  N.,  Ion.  96°  50'  E. 

Poolo  Bintam,  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Bingtano. 

Poolo  Brasse,  poo'lo  bries,  an  island  off  the  N.W. 
extremity  of  Sumatra,  22  miles  W.N.W.  of  Acheen. 

Poolo  Cambing,  Flores  Sea.    See  Goat  Island. 

Poolo  Canton,  poo'lo  kinHon',  an  island  in  the  China 
Sea,  off  Anani,     Lat.  15°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  109°  E. 

Poolo  Ciecer  de  Mer,  poo'lo  se-4'saiK'  d^h  maiR, 
an  island  in  the  China  Sea,  60  miles  S.  of  Cape  Padaran, 

Poolo  Condor,  poo'lo  konMou',  a  cluster  of  islands 
in  the  China  Sea,'120  miles  E.  of  Point  Cambodia,  the  prin- 
cipal island  being  12  miles  in  length.     It  belongs  to  France. 

Poolo  Dammer,  poo'lo  ddm'm^r,  an  island  off  the  S. 
extremity  of  Gilolo.     Circumference,  about  30  miles. 

Poolo  Dattoo,  poo'lo  datHoo',  an  island  off  the  W. 
coast  of  Borneo,  in  lat.  0°  1'  N.,  Ion.  108°  37'  E. 

Poolo  Kalamantin,  or  Poolo  Klemmantin 
See  Borneo. 

Poolo  Kra  Islands.    See  Kraw. 

Poolo  I>abuan,  Borneo.    See  Laduan. 

Poolo  Lancavi,  poo'lo  lin-ki'vee,  an  island  off  this 
W,  coast  of  the  Malay  Peninsula,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river 
Queda,     Pop,  3000. 

Poolo  Laut,  poo'lo  lowt,  an  island  off  the  S.E.  ex- 
tremity of  the  island  of  Borneo.  Length,  60  miles ;  greatest 
breadth,  35  miles.  Little  Poolo  Laut  is  a  group  55  miles 
S.W.  of  the  above. 

Poolo  Lontar,  Indian  Ocean.     See  Lostar. 

Poolo  Mego,  Sumatra.     See  Triste. 

Poolo  Nan'cy,  an  island  off  tho  W.  coast  of  Sumatra, 
W.  of  Acheen. 

Poolo  Oby,  o'bee  (or  Ubi,  oo'bee),  an  island  in  the 
China  Sea,  20  miles  S.  of  Point  Cambodia. 

Poolo  Pinang,  Strait  of  Malacca.     See  Pe.vano. 

PooMoroon'  and  PooMoway',  two  of  the  Banda 
Islands,  Malay  Archipelago,  W.  of  Banda. 

Poolo  Sambillong.    See  Nicobar  Islands. 

Poolo  Se  Pora,  a  Mal.ay  island.     Sec  Pora. 

I'oolo  Way,  one  of  the  Banda  Islands,   See  Poolo  AT. 

Pools,  a  station  of  the  Paducah  &  Elizabethtown  Rail- 
road, 14  miles  E,N.E,  of  Princeton,  Ky, 


POO 


2196 


POP 


PooPs  Iflland,  in  Bonavlsta  Bay,  Newfoundland,  2 
miles  from  (ireun's  I'und.     I'up.  524. 

Puulti'villc,  a  hatulol  of  Wiirron  co.,  Ind.,  7  miles 
N.N.t!.  of  Indopondcnco.    It  hiis  2  churolies  and  ii  seminary. 

PoulvaHli  Bay,  lolo  of  Man.    See  Ualvash  lUr. 

VooI'villet  a  i>08t-village  in  Hamilton  township,  Mndi- 
son  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  tlie  Utioa,  Chenango  &  Susquehanna  Val- 
ley Hailrood,  19  miles  N.  of  Norwich.  It  has  a  church  and 
ft  tannery.     Pop.  163. 

PoolvillOy  a  station  in  Galveston  co.,  Te.x.,  on  the  Gal- 
veston, Houston  &  Henderson  Railroad,  4^  miles  W.  of 
Uulvet<ton. 

Pounnhf  or  Puna,  poo'n&,  also  written  Punai,  a 
district  of  India,  Uomhay  presidency,  having  Ahmeilnuj^j^ur 
district  on  the  N.E.,  Satturah  on  the  S.,  and  the  WcMtcrn 
Ghauts  on  the  W.  Area,  42S0  square  miles.  Capital, 
Poonah.     Pop.  702,352. 

Puoiiuhf  a  city  of  India,  capital  of  the  above  district, 
on  a  tributary  of  liie  ISecmah,  75  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Bom- 
bay. I'op.,  according  to  the  census  returns  of  1891,  160,460. 
It  stands  about  2000  feet  above  the  sea.  Here  are  several 
native  palaces,  a  Hindoo  college,  the  church,  a  good  library, 
military  bazoiir,  civil  hospital,  barracks,  arsenal,  and  the 
govcrnuient  offices.     E.  of  the  city  is  a  cave-temple  of  Seeva. 

Po«i^namal'lee,  a  town  of  India,  Chinglcput  district, 
15  milcji  W.S.W.  of  Madras.     Pop.  7155. 

Poon'|ioou,  a  river  of  India,  rises  about  lat.  24°  30' 
N.,  Ion.  84°  20'  E.,  and  after  an  indirect  N.E.  course  of  130 
miles  joins  the  Ganges  near  I'utwa.  It  is  very  serviceable 
in  irri^^ation. 

PooiiViit'ty,  or  Pon^arut'ty,  also  called  Panu- 
rutti,  a  town  of  India,  in  South  Arcot,  110  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Madrius.     Pop.  6932. 

Pooiiukka*  Poiiuukka,  Piinukka,  poo-nfik'kH, 
written  also  Pooiiaku,  a  town  and  the  second  capital  of 
Bootan,  in  the  groat  chain  of  the  Himalayas,  17  miles  N.E. 
of  Tiu«Bisudon.     Lat.  27°  58'  N. ;  Ion.  89°  54'  E. 

Poopo   Clioro,  a  lake  of  Bolivia.     See  Aullagas. 

Poor,  Pour,  or  Pur,  poor,  a  river  of  Siberia,  rises  in 
the  N.  of  the  government  of  Yakootsk,  flows  E.N.E.,  and 
joins  the  Olenek  in  Int.  69°  N.     Length,  about  130  miles. 

Poor,  Pour,  or  Pur,  a  river  of  Siberia,  rises  in  the 
government  of  Tobolsk,  about  lat.  64°  N.,  and  flows  N.  by 
E.  to  the  Bay  of  Tazovsk  (see  Taz).     Length,  200  miles. 

Poor,  or  Pur,  a  town  of  India,  Azimghur  district. 
Pop.  5213. 

I*oora,  poo'ri,  a  town  of  Beloochistan,  in  the  desert, 
110  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bunpoor.     Pop.  2000. 

Poorakaud,  poo^ri-kt\d',  a  town  of  India,  on  the 
Malabar  cu:uit,  39  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Cochin.  It  bos  been 
in  part  buried  by  the  sea,  but  is  still  populous. 

Poorally,  poo-ril'leo  (anc.  Ar'al'm),  a  river  of  Beloo- 
chistan, province  of  Loos,  enters  Sonineanee  Bay,  Inilian 
Ocean,  50  miles  N.E.  of  Kurrachec,  after  a  S.  course  of  100 
miles.     The  towns  of  Bela  and  Lyaree  are  on  its  banks. 

Pooratceu,  Pouratin,  or  Puratin,  poo-ri-teen', 
a  town  of  Russia,  103  miles  N.W.  of  Poltava. 

Poorbuuder,  poor-bun'd?r,  a  maritime  town  of  In- 
dia, Baroda  dominions,  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  the  Kattywar 
Peninsula.  Lat.  21°  39'  N. ;  Ion.  69°  48'  E.  It  is  the 
commercial  emporium  of  the  peninsula.     Pop.  14,563. 

Pooree,  or  Pari,  poo''ree',  the  southwestemmost  dis- 
trict of  Orissa,  India,  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Bay  of 
Bengal,  and  W.  by  Madras  presidency  and  the  Cuttack 
Mchals.  Lat.  19°  27.5'-20°  26'  20"  N.;  Ion.  85°  26'-86° 
28'  E.  Area,  2472  square  miles.  Capital,  Juggernaut. 
Pop.  769,674.     See  also  Juggerxaut. 

Poore's  (poorz)  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Colquitt  co.,  Ga. 

Poor  Fork,  a  post-ofiice  of  Harlan  co.,  Ky. 

Poor's  Ford,  a  post-office  of  Rutherford  co.,  N.C.,  on 
Broad  River. 

Poor's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Waldo  co.,  Me. 

Poortvliet,  pont^flcet',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Zealand,  4  miles  W.N.W.  of  Tholen.     Pop.  1549. 

Poorwa,  or  Purwa,  poor'wi,  a  town  of  India,  35 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Lucknow.     Pop.  10,880. 

Pooshkur,  a  town  of  India.    See  Pokur. 

Poost-  (Poust-  or  Pust-)  Ozersk,  poost-o-zaiRsk' 
(Samoyed,  Yontjorie,  yon-go'ree),  the  northernmost  town 
of  the  Samoyed  country,  in  European  Russia,  government 
of  Archangel,  on  the  Petohora,  near  the  Nortbern  Ocean. 

Poo-Teon-Shan,  an  island  of  China.     See  Pooto. 

Pootivl,Poutivl,  or  Putivl,  poo-teev'l',  written  also 
Putyvl  and  PutiwI,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and 
100  miles  W.S.W.  of  Koorsk,  on  the  Sem.  Pop.  7046.  It 
has  nearly  20  churches,  extensive  charitable  institutions, 
vitriol-factories,  brick-kilns,  and  a  brisk  trade. 


Pooto,  Pouto,  Puto,  poo'to,  or  Poo«Teoii< 
Sbau,  a  small  rocky  island  off  the  E.  extremity  of  Chuenn, 
ooa»t  of  China.  Lat.  30°  25'  N. ;  Ion.  122°  40'  E.  It  hoi 
numerous  temples  and  monasteries. 

Popa,  po'p&,  an  island  of  the  Malay  Arch!])elago,  100 
miles  S.E.  of  Gilolo,  50  miles  in  circumference.  Lat.  1' 
12'  S. ;  Ion.  12»o  62'  E. 

Popacton,  New  York.    See  Pepactos. 

Popac'ton  (or  Pepac'ton)  Uivcr,  the  East  Branch 
of  the  Delaware,  rises  in  New  York,  near  the  bai-o  of  the 
Catskill  Mountains.  It  runs  in  a  W.S.W.  direction  thruugU 
Delaware  co.,  and  imites  with  the  other  branch  of  the  Dela- 
ware at  Hancock,  a  station  on  the  Erie  Railroad.  It  is 
nearly  90  miles  long. 

Popalote,  pop-i),-lo'ti,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bee  co.,  Tex., 
on  Popalote  Creek,  60  miles  S.W.  of  Victoria.  It  has  » 
church  and  4  stores. 

Popayan,  |)0-p&  y&n',  a  city  of  the  republic  of  Colom* 
bia,  in  the  department  of  Cauca,  near  the  Cauca  River,  fiOOO 
feet  above  the  ocean.  Lat.  2°  28'  N. ;  Ion.  76°  36'  W.  Pop. 
10,000.  It  has  a  cathedral,  numerous  ])ublic  edifices,  and 
a  mint.  Its  inhabitants  are  mostly  mulnttues  and  negroes. 
A  great  commercial  road,  nearly  1000  miles  in  luiigth,  ex- 
tends S.  from  Popayan  past  Quito  toTrujillo,  it)  I'eru.  Po- 
payan was  founded  in  1637,  being  the  lirst  city  built  by 
Europeans  in  this  region.  In  1834  it  was  nearly  destroyed 
by  an  earthquake. 

Pop  Corn,  a  post-office  of  Osage  co.,  Kansas,  about  24 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Topeka. 

Pope,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  Arkansas, 
has  an  area  of  about  795  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.  by  the  Arkansas  River,  and  is  intersected  by  Illinois 
Bayou  and  Big  Piney  Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undu- 
lating, and  extensively  covered  with  forests.  'I'ho  soil  ii 
fertile.  Cotton,  Indiau  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  traversed  in  the  S.  part  by  the  Little 
Rock  A  Fort  Smith  Railroad.  Capital,  Dover.  Pop.  in 
1870,8386;  in  1880,  14,322;  in  1890,  19,458. 

Pope,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an  area 
of  about  360  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by 
the  Ohio  River,  and  is  drained  by  Big  Bay  and  Lusk  Creeks. 
The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is 
covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  oak,  cypress,  hickory, 
walnut,  nsh,  and  tulip-tree  abound.  The  soil  is  partly  fer- 
tile. Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Carboniferous  limestone  is  found  here.  Capital, 
Goleonda.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,437;  in  1880,  13,256;  in 
1890,  14,016. 

Pope,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Minnesota, 
has  an  area  of  720  square  miles.  It  is  drained  hy  the 
Chippewa  River,  and  contains  numerous  little  lakes,  some 
of  which  have  no  visible  outlet.  The  surface  is  undulating 
or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  hay,  and 
potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  A  large  portion  of  this 
county  is  prairie.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Great  Northern 
Railroad,  the  Northern  Pacilic  Railroad,  and  the  Minne- 
apolis, St.  Paul  <t  Sault  Ste.  Marie  Railroad,  the  last  two 
of  which  connect  with  Glenwood,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  2691;  in  1880,  5874;  in  1890.  10,032. 

Poperinghe,  po'pSa'ix/,  or  Poperingen,  pop'§r- 
ing'ii?n,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flanders,  near  the 
French  frontier,  6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Yprcs.  Pop.  11,160. 
It  has  manufactures  of  lace,  linens,  and  woollen  cloths. 

Pope's  Creek,  a  hamlet  of  Charles  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Potomac  River,  40  miles  S.  of  Washington,  D.C.     It  is  the 

5.  terminus  of  the  Pope's  Creek  Branch  of  the  Baltimore 

6,  Potomac  Railroad,  74  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Baltimore. 
Pope's  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Panola  co..  Miss., 

on  the  Mississippi  &  Tennessee  Railroad,  66  miles  S.  of 
Memphis.  It  has  a  church,  a  seminary,  and  a  grist-mill. 
About  2000  bales  of  cotton  are  annually  shipped  here. 

Pope's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  in  Macomb  township,  St. 
Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Morristown  Station.  It 
has  a  church.     Pop.  76. 

Pope  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Napa  co.,  Cal.,  about 
75  miles  N.N.E.  of  San  Francisco.  Here  is  a  mine  of  cin- 
nabar or  mercury.     It  has  a  church. 

Pop'lar,  a  suburban  parish  of  the  metropolis  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  Middlesex,  4  miles  E.S.E.  of  St.  Paul's,  Lon- 
don.    Pop.  48,611. 

Pop'lar,  a  station  in  Worcester  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Wor- 
cester Railroad,  2i  miles  S.W.  of  Berlin. 

Poplar,  Crawford  co.,  0.    See  Blxton. 

Poplar,  a  township  of  Orangeburg  co.,  S.C.    Pop.  730. 

Poplar  Bluff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ashley  co..  Ark.,  on 
Bayou  Bartholomew,  about  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Arkansas 
City.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 


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Poplar  Bluff,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Butler  co., 
Mo.,  on  the  Big  Black  lliver,  and  on  the  St.  Louis  <fe  Iron 
Mountain  Railroad,  166  miles  S.  of  St.  Louis,  and  74  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Cairo.  It  is  at  the  junction  of  the  Cairo  division 
with  the  Arkansas  division  of  that  railroad,  and  is  in  Pop- 
lar Biufl'  township.  It  has  a  seminary,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  2  churches.  Pop.  in  1890,  2187;  of  Poplar  Bluff 
township,  4796. 

Poplar  Branch,  a  post-township  of  Currituck  co., 
N.C.,  on  Currituck  Sound,  66  miles  S.S.E.  of  Norfolk,  Va. 
Pop.  1140. 

Poplar  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mason  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Indianapolis,  Bloomington  &  Western  llailroad,  7  miles  E. 
of  Havana. 

Poplar  Creek,  of  Tennessee,  rises  in  Anderson  co., 
and  enters  Clinch  River  in  Roane  co. 

Poplar  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co., 
Miss.,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Winona. 

Poplar  Flat,  a  post-office  of  Lewis  co.,  Ky. 

Poplar  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Phillips  co.,  Ark.,  on 
the  Arkansas  Central  liailroad,  18  miles  W.  of  Helena.  It 
has  a  church. 

Poplar  Grove,  a  post-village  in  Caledonia  township, 
Boone  co.,  III.,  on  tlie  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  16 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Rockford.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded 
school,  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  about  260. 

Poplar  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Howard  co.,  Ind., 
about  15  miles  S.  of  Logansport. 

Poplar  Grove,  a  station  in  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  &  Lafayette  llailroad,  6i  miles 
S.E.  of  Indianapolis. 

Poplar  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Owen  co.,  Ky.,  about 
I  44  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cincinnati.     It  has  a  church  and  a 
I  tobacco-factory.     Pop.  about  200. 
'      Poplar  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Huron  co.,  Mich. 

Poplar  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  N.C.,  12  miles 
N.W.  of  Columbus. 

Poplar  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  0. 

Poplar  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Mason  co.,  W.  Va. 

Poplar  Hall,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co..  Ark. 

Poplar  Plill,  a  post-office  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas. 

Poplar  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Casey  co.,  Ky.,  20  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Stanford.      It    has  manufactures  of  lumber, 
I  wool,  and  farming-implements. 

!     Poplar  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Anson  co.,  N.C.,  about  59 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Charlotte. 

Poplar  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Giles  co.,  Va.,  about 
110  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Lynchburg. 

Poplar  Hill,  a  post- village  in  Pictou  co..  Nova  Scotia, 
10  miles  from  Pictou.     Pop.  lUO. 

Poplar  Marshes,  Engljind.    See  Isle  op  Dogs. 

Poplar  Mount,  a  post-office  of  Greenville  co.,  Va., 
about  56  miles  S.  of  Richmond. 

Poplar  Plains,  a  post- village  of  Fleming  co.,  Ky., 
about  56  miles  E.N,E.  of  Lexington,  and  22  miles  S.  by  E. 
of  Maysville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  tan- 
nery. 

Poplar  Point,  on  the  W.  side  of  Narragansett  Bay, 
about  7i  miles  N.W.  of  Newport,  R.I. 

Poplar  Uidge,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Ala.,  6 
smiles  S.  of  Paint  Rock. 

(  Poplar  Kidgc  (sometimes  called  Smith's  Corners), 
ft  post-hamlet  in  Venice  township,  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  15 
.miles  S.  by  W.  of  Auburn.  It  has  a  steam  saw-mill  and  a 
'Friends'  meeting. 

Poplar  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Darke  co.,  0. 

Poplar  Kun,  a  post-hamlet  in  Freedom  township, 
Blair  co..  Pa.,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Newry,  which  is  12  miles  S. 
of  A I  toon  a. 

Poplar  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Haralson  co.,  Ga. 

Poplar  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Howard  co.,  Md., 
ibout  ;10  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Baltimore. 

Poplar  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Pontotoc  co..  Miss., 
16  miles  N.W.  of  Tupelo.  It  has  2  churches,  2  stores,  and 
I  steam  grist-mill. 

Poplar  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Henderson  co.,  Tenn, 

Poplar  Tent,  township,  Cabarrus  co.,  N.C.     P.  1280. 

Pop'lin,  a  station  of  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  & 
jouthcrn  Railroad,  lU  miles  E.  of  Poplar  Blulf,  Mo. 

Po'po,  or  Great  Po'po,  a  town  of  Guinea,  situated 
)etwccn  the  sea  and  a  backwater  or  inlet,  15  miles  W.  of 
iVhydah.     Lat.  6°  16'  N.;  Ion.  1°  54'  E.     Pop.  5000. 

Popoagie,  po-po-a'ghee,  a  small  river  of  Wyoming, 
ises  in  the  Wind  River  Mountains,  runs  northeastward, 
md  enters  the  Wind  River  about  lat.  4.3°  N. 

Popocatepetl, po-po'ki-ti-pSt'l  (Mexican,  "smoking 
'ttountain"),  an  active  volcano  of  Mexico,  state  and  35  miles 


S.W.  of  Puebla.  It  rises  17,784  feet  above  the  sea,  -with  a 
crater  3  miles  in  circumference  and  1000  feet  deep.  Forests 
cover  its  base,  but  its  summit  is  a  desert  of  volcanic  sand 
and  pumice,  mostly  covered  with  snow. 

Po'po  Isles,  Malay  Archipelago,  are  between  flilolo 
and  Papua.  Lat.  1°  15'  S. ;  Ion.  129°  45'  E.  The  largest 
island,  Popo,  is  50  miles  in  circumference,  and  produces 
sago,  cocoa-nuts,  and  salt. 

Popoli,  pop'o-le,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Aquila,  8 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Sulmona,  on  the  Pescara.  It  has  two 
handsome  churches.     Pop.  6708. 

Poppelau,  pop'p§h-low\  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
14  miles  N.W.  of  Oppein,  on  the  Prinitza.     Pop.  2315. 

Poppclsdorf,  pop'p^ls-douf,  a  village  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  1  mile  S.W.  of  Bonn,  and  having  the  botanic  gar- 
den, museum,  and  laboratory  of  the  University  of  Bonn;  also 
porcelain-  and  carpet-factories.     Pop.  2266. 

Poppenlauer,  pop'pQn-low*?r,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  4 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Miinnerstadt.     Pop.  1515. 

Poppi,  pop'pee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  26  miles 
E.  of  Florence,  on  the  Arno.  Pop.  6414.  It  has  a  hand- 
some palace,  formerly  of  the  Guidi  family,  a  celobnited 
abbey,  3  churches,  a  hospital,  a  public  library,  and  a  theatre. 

Poprad,  po'prid',  a  river  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Zip.',  an 
affluent  of  the  Dunajec,  which  flows  across  Galicia  into  the 
Vistula.     Length,  35  miles. 

Poprad,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  DEUTSCHExnoRP. 

Poquctan'uck,  or  Poquetan'ock,  a  post-hamlet  in 
Preston  township.  New  London  co.,  Conn.,  4  miles  S.S.E, 
of  Norwich.  It  has  a  church  and  a  large  woollen-mill. 
Pop.  nearly  200, 

Poquipck,  po'ke^ok',  a  post-village  in  York  co..  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  river  St.  John,  40  miles  above  Frederic- 
ton.     Pop.  150. 

Poquon'nock,  or  Poquon'ock,  a  post-village  in 
Windsor  township,  Hartford  co..  Conn.,  on  the  Farmington 
River,  11  miles  N.  of  Hartford.  It  has  2  churches,  a  paper- 
mill,  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Poquonnock  Bridge,  a  post-village  in  Groton  town 
ship.  New  London  co..  Conn.,  near  Long  Island  Sound,  and 
on  the  Stonington  &  Providence  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of 
Stonington.     It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  fish  oil. 

Pora,  po'rl,  two  islands  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  off 
the  W.  coast  of  Sumatra,  between  lat.  1°  and  2°  30'  S.  and 
Ion.  98°  30'  and  100°  E.  The  southernmost,  or  Poolo  Se 
Pora,  is  40  miles  in  length  by  15  miles  in  breadth  ;  North 
Pora,  or  Se  Beero,  is  60  miles  in  length  by  30  miles  across, 

Poramuschir,  Kooril  Islands.    Sec  Paramooshkkr. 

Porca,  pou'ki,  a  town  of  India,  in  Travancorc,  on  the 
Malabar  coast,  70  miles  N.W.  of  Trivandrum.  Lat.  8°  16' 
N. ;  Ion.  76°  24'  E.  It  is  populous,  and  inhabited  by  many 
Mohammedan,  Hindoo,  and  Christian  merchants. 

Porce,  pou'si,  a  river  of  the  republic  of  Colombia,  rises 
in  the  Andes,  flows  N.N.W.,  and  joins  the  Nechi  30  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Caceres.     Length.  130  miles. 

Porchester,  a  village  of  England.     See  PouTcnESTEn. 

Porcliov,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  PoRKnov. 

Porcia,  poR-che'i,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Udine, 
2  miles  S.W.  of  Pordenone.     Pop.  3412. 

Por'co,  a  mountain-knot  of  the  Bolivian  Andes,  in  lat. 
19°  45' S.,  Ion.  65°  30' W,  Height.  16,000  feet.  Hero  was 
the  first  silver-mine  wrought  by  the  Spaniards  after  the 
conquest  of  Peru,  Near  it  is  the  town  of  Porco,  20  miles 
S,W.  of  Potosi. 

Porcos,  Ilha  dos,  Brazil,    See  Ilha  dos  Porcos. 

Porcuna,  pou-koo'ni  (anc.  Olmleo),  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  21  miles  W.N.W.  of  Jaen.  Pop.  7497.  It 
has  a  palace  belonging  to  the  Order  of  Calatrava,  and  manu-' 
factures  of  woollen  cloths,  serges,  and  soap. 

Por'cupine,  a  post-office  of  Custer  co.,  Montana,  on  the 
Yellowstone  River. 

Porcupine,  a  post-office  of  Pepin  co..  Wis, 

Porcupine  Mountain,  Michigan,  on  or  near  Lake 
Superior,  is  in  Ontonagon  co. 

Pordenone,  pon-dd-no'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  28  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Udine,     Pop,  8?69.     It  has  an  active  tra<le. 

Pore,  po'ri,  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Columt'ia,  de- 
partment of  Boyacd,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Meta,  1 14  miles 
N.E.  of  Bogota. 

Porentruy,  poV6N»'trwce',  or  Porrentrui  (Ger. 
Bntntntt,  broon'troot),  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
33  miles  N,W,  of  Bern,  near  the  French  frontier,    P.  5341. 

Porctchie,  po-r5tch'y4,  written  also  Porietche  and 
Porctschi6,  a  town  of  Rus.sia,  government  and  40  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Smolensk.     Pop.  4998. 

Poretta,  po-rit'tS.,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Emilia,  30 
miles  S.W,  of  Bologna,     Pod.  of  commune  2976. 


FOR 


2198 


POIl 


Porotta*  July.    See  Bagxi  dblla  Porbtta. 

l*oretZ«  a  to\Tn  of  Prui<!>iii.     Soo  Pkkkz. 

Purkhov,  Porchov,or  PorkhoWtpon^Kov',  a  town 
of  Russia,  A:\  miles  K..S.1;.  of  Pskov.     Pop.  33»«. 

Porlezza,  poK-l^t'ol,  a  town  of  Italy,  16  luiles  N.  of 
Coino,  nt  tho  N.  extremity  of  Lugo  di  Lugano. 

Por'lock,  a  town  of  England,  oo.,  of  Somorsot,  on  the 
British  Clmnnel,  5i  miles  \V.  of  Minohead. 

PornasMiio,  poH-n&s'se-o,  a  village  of  Italy,  12  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Oneglia.     Pop.  1152. 

PoriiiC)  pou*nock',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire-Infdri- 
oure,  on  the  ocean,  30  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Nantes.  Pop.  1030. 
It  liiis  IV  port  and  a  ship-yard. 

Poro,  or  Poolo  Se  Pora.    See  Poiu. 

Poromuschir,  Kooril  Islands.    See  Paraiioorheer. 

Poros,  po'ros  (anc.  Sphte'ria),  a  small  island  of  Greece, 
at  tho  W.  entrance  of  the  gulf  and  7  wiles  S.  of  the  island 
of  yfigina.     Pop.  6035. 

Porphyritis  Mons.    See  OEB-EL-DoKnAN. 

Porpuise,  Cape,  Maine.    See  Cape  Poui-oisr. 

Porqucrollcs,  j>oii'k?h-roll',oneof  the  HyCros  Islands, 
in  France,  department  of  Var,  in  the  Mediterranean. 
Length,  5  miles. 

Porrcntruif  a  town  of  Switzerland.    See  Porbktruy. 

Porrern,  poii-RA'r&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  23 
miles  W.X.W.  of  Tarragona.     Pop.  1799. 

Porrcras,  a  town  of  Majorca,  21  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Palma. 

Porrudos^poR-Roo'doce,  or  Rio  de  SAo  Lonrcn^o, 
ree'o  d4  8»5wn»  Id-rfln'so,  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the  E. 
part  of  the  state  of  Matto-Qrosso,  flows  S.W.,  nnd  joins  the 
Paraguay  on  the  left,  in  lat.  17°  20'  S.  Largest  tributary, 
the  Cuyabfi.. 

Porsentina,  an  islet  of  Italy.    See  Bisextixa. 

Porsgrund,  poRs'groont,  a  town  of  Norway,  91  miles 
N.E.  of  Christinnsand,  on  nn  inlet  of  tho  Skager-Rack. 

Portachuelo  de  Tiicto,  poR-t4-choo-4'lo  dA  took'to, 
one  of  the  loftiest  passes  over  tho  Andes,  in  North  Peru, 
between  Tarma  and  Lima,  and  16,760  feet  in  elevation. 

Porta  CI andia,  supposed  ancient  nameof  Scharxitz. 

Portacomaro,  poR-ti-ko-mi'ro,  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  of  Alessandria,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Asti.     Pop.  1793. 

Port  Adelaide,  Australia.    See  Adelaide. 

Porta  Dibiill,  poR'ti  dee-Bool',  a  seaport  of  the  re- 
public of  Colombia,  in  the  department  of  Magdalenn,  44 
juiU's  S.W.  of  Rio  Ilacha. 

Port^adowii',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  10  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Armagh,  on  the  Bann,  and  on  the  Ulster  Rail- 
way. Pop.  6735.  It  has  manufactures  of  linen  and  cotton 
goods,  and  a  large  distillery. 

PorHafer'ry,  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Down, 
near  the  entrance  of  Lough  Strangford,  7i  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Downpatrick.     Pop.  1938. 

Port'age,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an 
area  of  480  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Cuya- 
hoga River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the  Mahoning  River. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests  of  the  sugar-maple,  onk,  ash,  beech,  and  other 
trees.  Hay,  butter,  cheese,  oats,  Indian  corn,  flax,  and 
cattle  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  mineral  resources 
is  bituminous  coal.  This  county  is  intersected  by  tho  New 
York,  Lake  Erie  <fc  Western  Railroad,  the  Cleveland  <fe  Pitts- 
burg Railroad,  the  Pittsburg  <fc  Western  Railroad,  and  the 
Cleveland  ct  Canton  Railroad.  Capital,  Ravenna.  Pop.  in 
1870,  24.584  ;  in  1880,  27,500;  in  1890,  27,868. 

Portage,  n  county  of  Wisconsin,  is  near  the  middle  of 
the  state.  Area,  792  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Wisconsin  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Plover  and  Wau- 
paca Rivers  and  Mill  Creek.  The  surface  is  uneven  or 
undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  pine 
and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  hay.  j)ota- 
toes,  and  cattle  are  tho  staple  products,  and  lumber  is  the 
chief  article  of  export.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Green  Bay,  Winona  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  the  AVisconsin 
Central  Railroad,  and  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul 
Railroad.  CapiUl,  Stevens' Point.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,634; 
in  1S80,  17,731  ;  in  ISOO.  24,798. 

Portage,  a  township  of  Porter  oo.,  Ind,,  on  Lake 
Michigan.     Pop.  728. 

Portage,  a  township  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  777, 
exclusive  of  South  Bend. 

Portage,  a  township  of  Houghton  co.,  Mich.     P.  1540. 

Portage,  a  post-hamlut  in  Portage  township,  Kala- 
ma7.oo  CO.,  Mich.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Michigan  Southern 
Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Kalamazoo.     Pop.  of  township,  1004. 

Portage,  a  hamlet  in  Onekama  township,  Manistee  co., 
Mich.,  on  a  small  lake,  45  miles  N.  of  Ludington.     It  has 


a  oharch  and  a  lumber-mill.  The  Chicago  steamboats  9to|i 
at  this  place. 

Portage,  Missouri.     See  Portaoe  der  Sioux. 

Portage,  a  township  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y.  Pup. 
1172.  It  contains  Hunt's,  Oakland,  and  Portage  Statiuu 
(near  Portagoville,  or  Genesee  Fulls)  on  tho  liuflulo  di- 
vision of  tho  Erie  Railway. 

Portage,  a  township  of  Hancock  co.,  0.     Pop.  899^ 

Portage,  a  township  of  Ottawa  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1246.  It 
oontjiins  Port  Clinton. 

Portage,  a  township  of  Summit  oo.,  0.  Pop.  1594, 
exclusive  of  Akron. 

Portage,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co.,  0.,  on  the  W. 
boundary  of  Portage  township,  and  on  Portage  River,  3^ 
miles  S.  of  Bowling  Green,  and  about  25  miles  S.  by  \V,  of 
Toledo.  It  has  a  church  and  a  graded  school.  Pop.  in 
1890,  438  ;  of  the  townnhip,  2328. 

Portage,  a  post-village  in  Washington  township,  Cam- 
bria CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  22  miles  S.W. 
of  Altoona.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam  lumber-mill,  and 
about  75  families.  Good  coal  is  mined  at  this  ]ilauc,  which 
is  supported  by  the  lumber-business  and  mining  coal. 

Portage,  a  township  of  Cameron  co..  Pa.     Pop.  99. 

Portage,  a  post-village  of  Box  Elder  co.,  Utah,  on  the 
Malmle  River,  about  40  miles  N.  of  Corinno.  It  bos  a 
church  and  manufactures  of  bricks  and  cheese. 

Portage,  or  Portage  City,  a  city  of  Wisconsin,  and 
the  capital  of  Columbia  co.,  is  on  the  Wisconsin  River,  at 
the  head  of  navigation,  30  miles  N.  of  Madison,  47  uiilcs 
W.N.W.  of  Watortown,  and  104  miles  E.S.E.  of  La  Crosse. 
It  is  at  the  junction  of  three  branches  of  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  and  is  on  the  shi])-canal 
which  connects  the  Wisconsin  and  Fox  Rivers.  Tho  I'ox 
River  flows  along  the  northeast  border  of  the  city.  This 
place  was  formerly  called  the  Winnebago  Portage.  Steam- 
boats ply  regularly  between  this  town  and  Green  Bay. 
Portage  contains  a  court-house,  9  churches,  a  high  school, 
a  bank,  2  banking-houses,  3  newspaper  offices,  2  grain- 
elevators,  the  Portage  Iron-Works,  a  tannery,  Ac,  and  has 
manufactures  of  clothing,  shoes,  sash  and  blinds,  Ac.  It  is 
the  S.  terminus  of  the  Southern  division  of  the  Wisconsin 
Central  Railroad.     Pop.  in  1880,  4346;  in  1890,  5143. 

Portage  Centre,  a  post-ofiice  of  Hancock  co.,  0., 
about  36  miles  N.E.  of  Lima. 

Portage  Creek,  Michigan,  rises  in  Kalamazoo  co., 
and  enters  the  St.  Joseph  at  the  village  of  Three  Rivers. 

Portage  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  McKcan  co..  Pa., 
at  Liberty  Station  on  the  BuflFalo,  New  York  A  Philadolt 
phia  Railroad,  16  miles  N.  of  Emporium.  It  has  a  steam 
saw-mill. 

Portage  des  Sioax  (Fr.  pron.  ponHizh'  di  soo),  a 
post-hamlet  of  St.  Charles  co.,  Mo.,  in  a  township  of  the 
same  name,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  14  miles  N.E.  of  St. 
Charles,  and  about  30  miles  above  St.  Louis.  It  is  souio- 
times  called  Portage,  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  160  ;  of  the 
township,  1861. 

Portage  du  Fort,  poRHizh'  dii  foR,  a  village  of 
Quebec,  CO.  of  Pontiac,  on  the  river  Ottawa,  60  miles  N.  of 
Ottawa.  It  has  several  saw-  and  grist-mills,  4  hotels,  and 
marble-quarries.     Pop.  652. 

Portage  Falls,  New  York.    See  Gexesee  River. 

Port'age  Island,  an  island  of  New  Brunswick,  about 
5  miles  in  length,  lying  at  the  entrance  of  Jliramichi  Hay, 
about  3  miles  from  tho  mainland.  It  is  at  present  granted 
to  the  British  Admiralty  for  naval  purposes.  There  is  a 
light-houso  at  the  S.E.  extremity. 

Portage  Lake,  a  lake  of  Michigan,  on  the  boundary 
between  Livingston  and  Washtenaw  cos.,  about  10  uiilci 
N.W.  of  Ann  Arbor.  Length,  nearly  7  miles.  It  receive! 
Portage  River,  and  discharges  its  surplus  water  by  the 
Huron  River. 

Portage  Lake,  o  lake  of  Michigan,  in  Houghton  co., 
and  touching  the  town  of  Houghton.  A  narrow  channel 
called  Portage  Entry  connects  the  S.  part  of  the  lake  with 
Keweenaw  Bay.  The  lake  is  nearly  20  miles  long  and  2  oi 
3  miles  wide,  and  is  navigable  by  large  vessels.  A  ship- 
canal  nearly  2i  miles  long  and  100  feet  wide. has  been 
opened  from  the  N.  end  of  Portage  Lake  to  Lake  Superior. 
Steamboats  navigating  Lake  Superior  can  thus  pass  through 
a  route  shorter  than  around  Keweenaw  Point. 

Portage  Lake,  a  plantation  of  Aroostook  co..  Me. 

Portage  Lake,  a  station  on  the  Grand  Rapids  A  In 
diana  Railroad,  17  miles  S.  of  Kalamazoo,  Mich. 

Portage  River,  of  Michigan,  a  small  stream  which 
flows  through  Livingston  co.  into  Portage  Lake  and  Huron 
River.     See  also  Portage  Creek. 

Portage  River,  of  Ohio,  rises  in  Hancock  co.,  aid 


POU 


2199 


POR 


runs  northeastward  through  Wood  co.  It  finally  runs  east- 
ward through  Ottawa  co.,  and  enters  Lake  Erie  at  Port 
Clinton.     Length,  about  100  miles. 

Port'ageville,a  post-hamlet  of  New  Madrid  co.,  Mo., 
on  land  which  wiis  sunk  by  earthquake  in  1812,  about  60 
miles  S.W.  of  Cairo,  111.     It  has  a  church. 

I'ortaseville,  New  York.     See  Ge.vesek  Fails. 

Portal  bera,  pon-til-bi'ri,  a  village  of  Italy,  district 
of  Voghera,  near  the  Po.     Pop.  of  commune,  1494. 

Port  Al'bert,  a  maritime  village  of  Victoria,  Aus- 
tralia, adjacent  to  the  villages  of  Palmcrston  and  Alberton, 
and  2  miles  W.  of  Tarraville.     Pop.  185. 

Port  Al'bert,  a  post-village  in  Huron  oo.,  Ontario,  on 
Lake  Huron,  10  miles  N.  of  Godcrich.     Pop.  200. 

Portalegre,  pou-tA-li'gri,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
Alemtcjo,  49  miles  N.N.E.  of  Evora.  Pop.  6525.  It  has 
an  episcopal  palace,  2  hospitals,  a  seminary,  a  college,  and 
manufactures  of  druggets. 

Port  Alexan'dcr,  a  harbor  of  Africa,  in  Benguela, 
on  the  Atlantic,  40  miles  N.  of  Great  Fish  Bay. 

Port  Al'fred,  a  seaport  village  of  Cape  Colony,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Kowie,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Graham's  Town. 

Port  Allegha'ny,  a  post- village  in  Liberty  township, 
McKean  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the  Buf- 
falo, New  York  <fc  Philadelphia  Railroad,  25  miles  N.  of 
Emporium.  It  has  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
church,  a  tannery,  and  manufactures  of  lumber.     P.  731. 

Port  Al'len,  or  Pow  of  Er'rol,  a  harbor  of  Scot- 
land, CO.  of  Perth,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Firth  of  Tay,  IJ 
miles  S.  of  Brrol. 

Port  Al'len,  a  post-hamlet  of  Louisa  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Iowa  River,  and  on  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  North- 
ern Railroad,  44J  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Burlington.  It  has  a 
church. 

Port  Allen,  a  post-village,  capital  of  AVest  Baton 
,Ouge  parish,  La.,  on  the  Mississippi  River.    See  Allain. 

Port  An'drew,  a  post-village  in  Richwood  township, 
Hichland  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Wisconsin  River,  IJ  miles  from 
Blue  River  Railroad  Station,  and  about  50  miles  N.  of  Du- 
buque, Iowa.     It  has  a  church. 

Port  Angeles,  an'j§h-l6z,  a  post-village  of  Clallam 
CO.,  AVashington,  on  Fuca  Strait,  15  miles  W.  of  New  Dun- 
gcness,  and  about  90  miles  N.N.W.  of  Olympia. 

Port  Anto'nio,  a  seaport  village  of  Jamaica,  co.  of 
Surrey,  on  the  N.  coast,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Morant  Point. 
It  has  a  line  of  steamers  to  Philadelphia. 

Port  a  Paix,  pout  S,  pA,  a  town  of  Hayti,  on  the  strait 
between  that  island  and  Tortuga,  35  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Cape 
Ilaytien.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Portar'lington,  a  town  of  Ireland,  King's  and  Queen's 
COS.,  on  the  Barrow,  and  on  the  Great  Southern  <fc  Western 
Railway,  40  miles  W.S.W.  of  Dublin.     Pop.  2424. 

Port  Ar'thur,  a  thriving  town  of  Ontario,  on  Thunder 
Bay  (Lake  Superior),  and  on  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railway, 
which  connects  it  with  Winnipeg,  429  miles  distant  W.  by  N. 
It  is  connected  by  a  line  of  steamers  with  Duluth,  about  200 
miles  S.W.,  and  with  Owen  Sound,  on  Lake  Huron.  Port 
Arthur  is  the  seat  of  extensive  lumbering  and  mining  in- 
terests.    Two  newspapers  are  published  here.     Pop.  2698. 

Port  au  Basques,  Newfoundland.    See  Channel. 

Port  au  Bras,  o  brl,  a  fishing  settlement  on  the  W. 
Bide  of  Placentia  Bay,  Newfoundland,  1  mile  from  Burin. 

Port  au  Choix,  o  shwil,  a  port  of  the  W.  coast  of  New- 
foundland, in  lat.  50°  48'  N. 

Port  Augusta,  aw-gus'tg,,  a  port  of  South  Australia, 
at  the  head  of  Spencer  Gulf. 

Port  au  Persil,  o  pSa'seel',  or  Saint  Sim'eon,  a 
post-village  in  Charlevoix  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  N.  shore  of 
the  St.  Lawrence,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Murray  Bay.    Pop.  350. 

Port  au  Prince,  port  o  prlnss  (Fr.  pron.  pon-to- 
pr^Nss'),  or  Port  Ilcpub'iican  (Fr.  Port  liej/nblicaiu, 
pou  r.VpUb'lee^kiN"'),  the  capital  city  and  principal  seaport 
of  Hayti,  on  its  W.  coast,  at  the  head  of  the  Bay  of  Gonai ves. 
Lat.  18°  35'  N.;  loa.  72°  IS'  W.  Pop.  about  20,000.  It 
is  partially  fortified,  irregularly  built,  and  chiefly  of  wood. 
It  is  an  archbishop's  see.  The  principal  edifices  are  the 
palace  of  the  state,  which  has  some  architectural  excellence, 
the  church,  arsenal,  mint,  lyceum,  militiiry  hospital,  and 
courts  of  law.  The  vicinity  is  marshy,  and  the  climate 
unhealthy.  It  is  the  seat  of  all  the  superior  courts  in 
Hayti,  and  of  the  most  part  of  its  foreign  trade.  The  an- 
nual value  of  the  imports  is  about  $1,200,000. 
,  Port  au  Port,  pont  0  pore,  an  excellent  harbor  of  New- 
foundland, 30  miles  N.E.  of  Cape  St.  George. 

Port  Aus'tin,  a  post-village  of  Huron  co.,  Mich., 
in  Port  Austin  township,  on  Lake  Huron,  58  or  60  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Bay  City,  and  about  130   miles  N.  of  Detroit. 


It  has  a  newspaper  office,  4  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
lumber  and  salt.  Lumber  is  the  chief  article  of  export. 
Pop.  in  1890,  671:  of  the  township,  1469. 

Port  Bail,  pou  bil,  a  town  of  France,  in  Manche,  on 
the  English  Channel,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Valognes. 

Port  Ban'natyne,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  on  Ihe 
island  of  Bute,  1|  miles  N.N.W.  of  Rothesay.  Pop.  675. 
It  is  much  frequented  in  summer  for  sea-bathing. 

Port  Bardiati,  Egypt.    See  Baiietoon. 

Port  Bar're,  a  post-office  of  St.  Landry  parish.  La. 

Port  Beaufort,  bo'font',  a  harbor  of  South  Africa,  in 
Cape  Colony,  district  and  50  miles  S.E.  of  Zwellendam,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Breede  River. 

Port  Ben'jamin,  a  village  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Delaware  <fe  Hudson  Canal,  3^  miles  from  Ellenvillc. 
Boats  are  built  here.     Pop.  about  200. 

Port  Blanch'ard,  a  post-hamlet  in  Jenkins  town- 
ship, Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  on  tlie  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad  and 
the  Susquehanna  River,  about  7  miles  above  Wilkesbarre. 

Port  Bowen,  bO'§n,  British  North  America,  is  on 
Prince  Regent  Inlet,  in  lat.  73°  13'  N.,  Ion.  88°  64'  W. 
Here  the  Hecla  and  Fury  wintered,  1824-5. 

Port  Bowen,  a  harbor  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Australia. 
Lat.  22°  30'  S. ;  Ion.  161°  E. 

Port  Bruce,  a  post-village  in  Elgin  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Lake  Erie,  14  miles  from  Port  Burwell.     Pop.  2U0. 

Port  Bur'\vell,a  post-village  and  port  of  entry  of 
Ontario,  co.  of  Elgin,  at  the  mouth  of  Otter  Creek  in  Lake 
Erie,  137  miles  S.W.  of  Toronto.  It  contains  saw-  and 
grist-mills,  a  tannery,  a  broom-factory,  and  several  churches, 
stores,  and  hotels.     P»p.  1300, 

Port  By'ron,  a  post-village  and  small  township  of 
Rock  Island  co..  111.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the 
Western  Union  Railroad,  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rock  Island 
City,  and  about  16  miles  above  Davenport,  Iowa.  It  has  3 
churches  and  1  or  2  banks.  Pop.  of  the  village  in  1890, 
775  ;  of  the  township,  855. 

Port  Byron,  a  post-village  in  Mentz  township,  Ca- 
yuga CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie  Canal  and  the  New  York  Central 
Railroad,  25  miles  W.  of  Syracuse,  and  10  miles  N.  by  W. 
of  Auburn.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office, 
a  paper-mill,  an  academy,  a  barrel-factory,  &c.    Pop.  1146. 

Port  Byron  Junction,  a  station  of  the  Rockford, 
Rock  Island  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Western  Union  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of  Rock  Island,  111. 

Port  Caledo'nia,  or  Big  Glace  Bay,  a  post-vil- 
lage in  Cape  Breton  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Atlantic  coast, 
19  miles  from  Sydney,     Pop.  150. 

Port  Canning,  a  town  of  India.    See  Canning. 

Port  Car'bon,  a  post-borough  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Schuylkill  River,  and  on  the  Schuylkill  Valley  Rail- 
road, 3  miles  N.E.  of  Pottsville,  and  14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ta- 
maqua.  It  is  the  N.W.  terminus  of  the  canal  of  the  Schuyl- 
kill Navigation  Company.  Here  are  rich  coal-mines  and 
some  iron-works.     It  has  5  churches.     Pop.  in  1890.  1967. 

Port  Car'ling,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co.,  Ontario, 
on  Lake  Muskoka,  21  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bracebridge. 

Port  Castries,  West  Indies.     See  Castiues. 

Port  Chal'mers,  a  town  of  New  Zealand,  on  a  bay  of 
the  E.  side  of  South  Island,  9  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Dunedin, 
of  which  it  is  the  principal  port.  It  has  docks,  ship-yards, 
gas-works,  stone-quarries,  several  churches,  a  grammar- 
school,  &o.     Pop.  2887. 

Port  Charlotte,  shar'lot,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  ol 
Argyle,  in  the  island  of  Ishiy.     Pop.  484. 

Portclies'ter,  orPor'cliester,  a  village  of  England, 
CO.  of  Hants,  on  the  N.  side  of  Portsmouth  Harbor,  3^  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Portsmouth.  Pop,  of  parish,  779.  It  was  the 
ancient  Cacr  Peris,  one  of  the  principal  cities  of  Britain 
before  the  Roman  conquest. 

Port  Ches'tcr,  a  post-village  in  Rye  township,  West- 
chester CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Long  Island  Sound,  and  on  the  Now 
York  &  New  Haven  Railroad,  26  miles  N.E.  of  New  York, 
and  30  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Bridgeport,  Conn.  It  has  5  churches, 
a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  and  itan- 
ufactures  of  stoves  and  iron  bolts.     Pop.  3797. 

Port  Clar'ence,  a  maritime  village  of  England,  co. 
of  Durham,  on  the  Stockton  &  Hartlepool  Railway,  near 
Stockton. 

Port  Clin'ton,  a  station  on  the  Port  Jervis  &  Mon- 
ticcllo  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Port  Jervis,  N.Y. 

Port  Clinton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ottawa  co.,  O., 
in  Portage  township,  on  Lake  Erie,  at  the  mouth  of  Portage 
River,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  14  miles  W.N.AV. 
of  Sandusky,  and  35  miles  E.S.E.  of  Toledo.  It  has  a  good 
harbor,  6  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  bank,  a  fiour-mill, 
and  1  or  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  2049. 


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Port  ClintODf  a  post-borouj^h  in  Wrst  BrunKwick 
towu8tit|>,  Schuylkill  oo.,  l>ii.,  i.t  on  the  Schuylkill  lUver,  lit 
the  mouth  of  tho  Litllo  Schuylkill,  20  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Keiuling.  It  i»  on  tho  Philitiielphiii  A  Reiuling  Kailroad, 
and  is  tho  S.  terminus  of  a  branuh  railroad  vrhiuh  extends 
to  Tainaqua,  2U  miles  distant.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high 
■choul,  R  chuir-factory,  and  a  rolling-mill.    P.  (1890)  60tt. 

Port  Col'borne,  a  village  and  port  of  entry  of  On- 
tario, oo,  of  Wolland,  on  tho  N.  shore  of  Lake  Erie,  at  the 
outlet  of  the  Wclland  Canal,  and  at  the  junction  of  the  Grand 
Trunk  A  Welland  Ilnilways,  56  luilos  E.S.U.  of  Drantford. 
It  ountnins  several  churches,  stores,  and  hotels,  a  grain- 
elevator,  9a\v-mill,  flouring-mill,  brewery,  lo.     Pop.  1500. 

Port  CoI'deu,  a  post-village  of  Warren  oo.,  N..T.,  on 
the  Morris  Canal,  1  mile  from  Washington,  and  about  9 
milo8  S.E.  of  Bolvidero.  It  has  a  church.  Canal-boats  are 
built  hero. 

Port  Con'way,  a  post-hamlot  of  King  George  co., 
Va.,  on  tho  Kappahannock  Kivor,  about  50  miles  N.  by  E. 
of  Kichuiund.     It  has  a  church. 

Port  Cortex,  Honduras.    See  Cabali/is. 

Port  Crime,  a  post-village  in  Fonton  township, 
Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Chenango  River,  and  on  the  Al- 
bany A  Susquehanna  Ilailroud,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Bingham- 
ton.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  graded  school. 

Port  Crcd'it,  a  post-village  in  Peol  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  N.W.  slioro  of  Lake  Ontario,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river 
Credit,  and  on  the  Great  Western  Railway,  14  miles  W.  of 
Toronto.     It  contains  3  stores  and  2  shiii-yards.    Pop.  375. 

Port  Cres'cent,  a  post-village  in  Hume  township, 
Huron  CO.,  Mich.,  on  Saginaw  Bay,  near  Lake  Huron,  at 
the  mouth  of  Pinncbog  River,  60  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bay  City, 
and  3  miles  S.W.  of  Port  Austin.  It  has  a  graded  school, 
a  grist-mill,  and  3  lumber-mills.  Hero  are  forests  of  pine, 
fir,  and  oak. 

Portcros,  pon'kros',  one  of  the  Ilyftres  Islands  of 
France,  department  of  Var,  6  miles  E.  of  Porquerolles.  It 
is  defended  by  several  forts. 

Port  Cur'tis,  a  harbor  on  the  E.  coast  of  Australia. 
Lat.  24°  S.;  Ion.  151°  30'  E. 

Port  Dalhousie,  dal-hoo'zeo,  a  village  of  Ontario,  co. 
of  Lincoln,  on  the  S.  shore  of  Lake  Ontario,  near  its  W. 
end,  at  tho  entrance  of  the  Welland  Canal,  and  on  the  Wel- 
land Railway,  5  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Catharines,  and  31  miles 
S.  of  Toronto  (by  water).  It  contains  several  churches, 
stores,  and  hotels,  2  flouring-mills,  a  saw-mill,  and  2  ship- 
yards.    I'op.  1000. 

Port  Dan'icI,  a  post-village  in  Bonarenturo  oo.,  Que- 
bec, on  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs.  It  contains  a  saw-mill  and  5 
•tores.     Pop.  200. 

Port  Darlington,  Canada.    See  Bowmantille. 

Port  Darwin,  Australia.     See  Palmerstox. 

Port  Dauphin,  llayti.     See  Four  Libertk. 

Port-de-Uouc,  France.    See  Bouc. 

Port-de- France,  New  Caledonia.    See  Noumea. 

Port  de  Cirave,  dijh  grAv,  a  fishing  settlement  in  the 
district  of  Urigus,  Newfoundland,  51  miles  from  St.  John's. 

Port-de»la-Montasfne,  France.    See  Port  Loui.s. 

Port  Den'ison,  an  excellent  harbor  on  tho  E.  coast 
of  Queensland,  in  lat.  20°  S. 

Port  de  Paix,  Lk,  Ilayti.    See  Port  a  Paix. 

Port  l>c|>otiit,  d§-po7.'it,  a  post-village  of  Cecil  co., 
Md.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Susquehanna,  5  miles  from  its 
mouth,  and  41  miles  E.N.E.  of  Baltimore.  It  is  on  the 
Philadelphia  &  Baltimore  Central  and  Columbia  &  Port 
Deposit  Railroads,  and  is  the  N.  terminus  of  the  Port  De- 
posit Branch  Railroad.  Much  lumber,  which  has  been 
rafted  down  tho  river,  is  transshipped  here.  Port  Deposit 
has  a  national  bank,  6  churches,  a  foundry,  a  grist-mill,  .S 
hotels,  and  valuable  quarries  of  granite.     P.  (1890)  1908. 

l*ort  Desire,  de-zir',  a  river  of  Patagonia,  rises  near 
lat.  49°  S.,  Ion.  75°  W.,  flows  N.E.,  and  falls  into  a  bay  of 
Its  own  name,  in  the  South  Atlantic,  S.  of  Capo  Blanco. 
Total  course,  above  200  miles. 

Port  Desire,  a  bay  or  harbor  of  Patagonia,  on  the  E. 
coa.^,  in  lat.  47°  45'  S.,  Ion.  65°  55'  30"  W.,  formed  by  a 
river  of  its  own  name. 

I'ort  Dick'intion,  a  post-village  in  Binghamton 
township,  Rroouie  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  2i 
miles  from  IJinghainton.  It  has  a  paper-mill,  a  flouring- 
mill,  and  manufactures  of  brooms,  whips,  Ac. 

Port  Discov'ery,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co., 
Washington,  on  Puget  Sound,  about  80  miles  N.  of  Olympia. 
Pop.  152. 

Port  Do'ver,  a  post-village  and  port  of  entry  of  On- 
tario, CO.  of  Norfolk,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Lake  Erie,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  river  Lynn,  37  miles  S.W.  of  Hamilton,  and 


9  miles  8.E.  of  Simcoe.  It  contains  several  ohurohes,  ^ 
hotels,  a  number  of  stores,  on  iron-foundry,  saw-,  grist- 
and  woollcn-mills,  and  a  newspaper  otlice.     Pop.  1100, 

Port  DunMas',  a  portion  of  the  city  of  Glasgow,  ic 
Scotland,  at  the  end  of  the  Forth  A  Clyde  Canal. 

Port  Durban,  South  Africa.    See  Durdax. 

Port  Kads,  eedz,  a  post-ofiice  of  Plaquemines  pai 
La.,  is  at  the  mouth  of  the  South  Pass,  one  of  tho  oulN  i 
the  Mississippi  River.     Here  are  a  light-hou»e,  and  juU-.i 
for  deepening  tho  entrance  of  the  river. 

Port  Easy,  Essie,  or  Easie,  es'sco,  a  fishing  vU. 
lage  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Banff,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Port  Gordon. 

Port  Ed'gar,  on  tho  S.E.  const  of  West  Falkland 
Island.     Lat.  62°  0'  42"  S. ;  Ion.  60°  13'  15'  W. 

Port  Ed'wards,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wood  co.,  Wi».,  on 
tho  Wisconsin  River,  and  on  the  Wisconsin  Valley  Railroad, 
5  miles  S.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  a  lumber-mill  and  a 
planing-mill,  also  large  cranberry-marshes.  Pop.  of  Port 
Edwards  township,  310. 

Port  Eg'niont,  West  Falkland  Island,  ofi"  its  N.  coast, 
between  Kepjiel  and  Saunders  Islands,  in  lat.  51°  21'  8. 

Portcl,  poR-t61',  a  town  of  Poitugal,  in  Alcmtejo,  20 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Evora.     Pop.  2008. 

Portel,  Lb,  l^h  poRHfil',  a  village  of  France,  in  Pns-dc- 
Calais,  on  tho  ocean,  2i  miles  from  Boulogne.     Pop.  ."'j 

Port  Elgin,  41'ghin,  a  post-village  in  AVcstmori 
CO.,  New  Brunswick,  on  Bale  Verte,  30  miles  from  Shui...  . 
Pop.  150.    See  also  Norma.vton  and  EnwAnnsBiMto. 

Port  Eliz'abcth,  a  town  of  South  Africa,  Cape  Col- 
ony, at  the  W.  extremity  of  Algoa  Bay,  18  miles  S.E.  of 
Uitcnhage.  It  has  no  harbor  oxeojitan  open  roadstead,  but 
its  export  trade  far  surpasses  that  of  all  the  other  ports  of 
the  colony.  It  is  the  terminus  of  two  railways,  and  has 
many  handsome  warehouses,  factories,  and  villas,  and  a| 
large  market-square  where  wool,  skins,  and  ivory  are  sold. 
Port  Eliz.abeth  is  the  seat  of  the  Grey  Institute,  a  school  of 
some  celebrity.  Near  the  town  is  a  valuable  salt-pun.  A 
breakwater  is  building  here.     Pop.  in  1891,  23,052. 

Port  Elizabeth,  a  post-village  in  Maurice  River 
township,  Cumberland  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Maurice  River,  2 
miles  from  Manamuskin  Station  of  tho  West  Jersey  Rail- 
road, and  6  or  7  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Millville.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  manufactory  of  glass,  and  a  newspaper  ofliee. 

Port  El'lcn,  a  seaport  village  of  Scotland,  on  the  U. 
side  of  the  island  of  Islay. 

Port  El'lesmere,  a  village  and  port  of  England,  in 
Cheshire,  on  the  Mersey,  8i  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Liver|)ool. 

Port  Elms'ley,  a  post-village  in  Liinark  co.,  On- 
tario, on  the  river  Tay,  6  miles  from  Smith's  Falls. 

Portendic,  or  Portendik,  poRH6N"\lcek',  a  French 
trading-station  on  the  W.  coast  of  Africa,  in  the  Saharii,  16U 
miles  N.  of  St.  Louis.     Lat.  18°  19'  N. ;  Ion.  16°  2'  W. 

Por'ter,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Indiana,  has  an 
area  of  about  420  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  Lake  Michigan,  and  on  tho  S.  by  tho  Kankakee  River, 
and  is  drained  by  the  Calumet  River.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating. The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indiiin  corn,  hay, 
cattle,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  iii 
intersected  by  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern,  Pitts- 
burg, Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago,  Michigan  Central,  Pittsburg, 
Cincinnati,  Chicago  A  St.  Louis,  Baltimore  A  Ohio,  nnd 
Chicago  A  Grand  Trunk  Railroads.  Cajiitiil,  V:il|)araigo. 
Pop.  in  1870,  13,942;  in  1880,  17,227;  in  I8ii0,  1,S.052. 

Porter,  a  township  of  Porter  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1000. 

Porter,  a  post-village  in  Porter  township,  Oxford  co., 
Me.,  on  the  Ossipee  River,  about  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Port- 
land. It  has  3  churches  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1104. 

Porter,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1933. 

Porter,  a  post-village  of  Midland  co.,  Mich.,  in  Porter 
township,  on  Pine  River,  11  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Louis,  and 
about  55  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Lansing.  It  has  several  lum- 
ber-mills.    Pop.  of  the  township,  122. 

Porter,  a  township  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.    P.  1316. 

Porter,  a  township  of  Christian  co..  Mo.     Poji.  959. 

Porter,  a  township  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  2102. 
It  contains  Youngstown,  Ransomville,  Fort  Niagiirn,  Ac. 

Porter,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  0.     Pop.  819. 

Porter,  or  Pine  Cirove,  a  hamlet  of  Gallia  co.,  0., 
about  16  miles  S.W.  of  Pomeroy.  It  has  a  church.  Here 
is  Pine  Grove  Post-Oflice. 

Porter,  a  township  of  Scioto  co.,  0.     Pop.  1965. 

Porter,  a  township  of  Clarion  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1546. 

Porter,  a  township  of  Clinton  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1101. 

Porter,  a  township  of  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1253 

Porter,  a  post-township  of  Jetferson  co.,  Pa.,  about  54 
miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg.     Pop.  525. 


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Porter,  a  township  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  650. 

Porter,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  102. 

Porter,  a  township  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1167. 

Porter,  a  township  of  Rock  co.,  AVis.     Pop.  1155. 

Por'terfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Richland  township,  about  14  miles  S.E.  of  Franklin.  It 
has  a  grist-mill  and  a  woollen-factory. 

Porter's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  about  22 
miles  N.W.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  2  churches. 

Porter's,  Saginaw  CO.,  Mich.    See  Randall. 

Porter's,  a  station  of  Rock  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Western 
Union  Railroad,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Beloit. 

Porter's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saratoga  co., 
N.Y.,  li  miles  from  King's  Station,  which  is  10  miles  N. 
of  Saratoga  Springs.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  2  grist- 
mills, and  a  saw-mill. 

Porter's  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wetzel  co.,  W.  Va., 
20  miles  S.W.  of  Littleton  Station  of  the  Baltimore  <t  Ohio 
Railroad.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Porter's  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co..  Pa. 

Porter's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Eau  Claire  co.,  AVis. 

Porter's  Precinct,  a  post-office  of  Albemarle  co.,  Va. 

Porter's  Kancli,  a  post-office  of  Smith  co.,  Kansas. 

Porter's  SideMing,  a  post-office  of  York  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  railroad  between  Hanover  and  Hanover  Junction,  5 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Hanover. 

Porter's    Springs,  a  post-village   of    Houston   co., 
Tex.,  y  or  10  miles  VV.  of  Crockett.     It  has  2  churches,  an 
I  academy,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Porter's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Va. 

Porter  Station,  a  post-village  of  Porter  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Michigan  Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Lake 
Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  44  miles  S.E.  of 
Chicago,  and  3  miles  from  Lake  Michigan.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  brick-yard. 

Porter  Station,  Henry  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Louisville 
&  Memphis  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Paris. 

Portersville,  por't^rz-vil,  a  post-village  of  Tulare  co., 
i  Cal.,  on  the  Tule  River,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Tulare  Station. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Portersville, a  post-hamlet  of  Dubois  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
East  Fork  of  White  River,  9  miles  N.  of  Jasper.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Portersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co.,  0.,  about  20 
miles  S.  of  Ziinesville. 

Portersville,  a  post-village  in  Muddy  Creek  township, 
Butler  CO.,  Pa.,  about  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  New  Castle.  It  has 
4  churches.     Pop.  198. 

Porterville,  por't§r-vIl,  a  post- village  of  Do  Kalb  co., 
Ala.,  near  Wills  Creek,  and  on  the  Alabama  &,  Chattanooga 
Railroad,  61  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chattanooga.  It  has  a  church, 
an  institute,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Porterville,  Illinois.    See  Eaton. 

Porterville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Buf- 
falo Creek,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  a  cheese-fac- 
tory and  a  flour-mill. 

Port  Esperance,  Tasmania.  See  Adamsox's  Harbor. 
J   Port  Es'sington,  a  bay  of  North  Australia,  on  the 
I.        vide  of  Coburg  Peninsula.     Its  shores  are  low  and  destitute 
.:       m  regetntion.     The  climate  is  unhealthy. 

!  Port  Essington,  a  village  in  British  Columbia,  on  the 
i'acitic,  at  the  entrance  to  the  Skeena,  in  lat.  54°  75'  N. 

Port  Etch'es,of  Alaska,  in  Prince  William's  Sound. 
:iat.  61)0  21'  12"  N.;  Ion.  14G°  32'  W. 

Port  E\v'en,a  ])ost-village  in  Esopus  township,  Ulster 
0.,  N.Y^.,  on  the  Hudson  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Ron- 
out,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Kingston,  and  li  miles  from  Rondout. 
t  was  built  by  the  Pennsylvania  Coal  Company,  and  is 

■Bainly  supported  by  operations  in  coal,  which  is  brought 
Hplier  on  the  Delaware  &  Hudson  Canal.  It  has  3  churches 
Kda  brick-kiln.     Pop.  in  1890,  1211. 

Port  Felix,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Molasses  Harbor. 
Port  Frank, or  Golden  Creek,  a  village  in  Lamb- 
m  CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  River  aux  Sables,  6  miles  from 
I'idder.     Pop.  100. 

Port  Fran'ko,  a  name  sometimes  given  to  Charlotte 
malic,  the  capital  of  the  island  of  St.  Thomas. 
Port  Gal'lant,  a  cove  of  South  America,  in  the  Strait 
■  Magellan.     Lat.  53°  41'  45"  S.;  Ion.  72°  0'  51"  W. 
I  Port  Gam'ble,  a  post-village  of  Kitsap  co.,  Washing- 
n,  on  Puget  Sound,  about  22  miles  N.W.  of  Seattle. 
Port  Genesee,  New  Y'ork.    See  Charlotte. 
Port  George,  a  post-village  in  Annapolis  co..  Nova 
lotia,  on  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  16  miles  from  Lawrencetown. 
Port  Gib'son,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Claiborne  co., 
IBB.,  on  Bayou  Pierre,  20  miles  from  its  mouth,  about 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Vicksburg,  and  40  miles  N.E.  of 
139 


Natchez.  It  is  connected  by  railroad  with  Grand  Gulf,  8 
miles  distant.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  7  churches,  2 
academies,  a  masonic  hall,  a  court-house,  and  a  jail.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1524. 

Port  Gibson,  a  post-village  in  Manchester  township, 
Ontario  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie  Canal,  about  28  miles  E.S.E 
of  Rochester.     It  contains  a  chi»-ch  and  a  barrel-factory. 

Port  Glas'gow,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Renfrew, 
on  the  left  bank  of  the  Clyde,  3  miles  E.  of  Greenock,  and 
16  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Glasgow.  Pop.  9912.  It  has 
endowed  and  other  schools,  public  libraries,  several  branch 
banks,  two  largo  harbors  with  good  quays,  and  a  large 
graving-dock.  Ship-building  is  carried  on,  and  the  town 
has  important  manufactures  of  sail-cloth,  coarse  linens,  and 
ropes,  with  sugar-refineries  and  flax-mills.  It  was  formerly 
the  seaport  of  Glasgow,  and  is  the  chief  port  on  the  Clyde 
for  imports  of  timber. 

Port  Glas'gow,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Sodus  Bay,  3  miles  from  Alton.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Port  Glasgow,  a  village  in  Elgin  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Lake  Erie,  15  miles  from  Newbury.     Pop.  100. 

Port  Glenone,  glfin^on',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Antrim,  on  the  Bann,  8  miles  W.  of  Ballymena.    Pop.  697. 

Port  Gor'don,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Banff,  4 
miles  E.S.E.  of  the  mouth  of  the  Spey.     Pop.  970. 

Port  Grace,  Newfoundland.     See  Harbor  Grace. 

Port  Gran'by,  a  post-village  in  Durham  co.,  Ontario, 
on  Lake  Ontario,  with  a  station  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Rail- 
road (called  Newtonville),  54  miles  E.  of  Toronto.     P.  100. 

Port  Greville,  grev'il,  or  Uatch'ford  lliver,  a 
post-village  in  Cumberland  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  Greville 
Bay,  15  miles  from  Parrsborough.     Pop.  250. 

Port  Hack'ing,  a  beautiful  harbor  of  New  South 
Wales,  18  miles  S.  of  Port  Jackson. 

Port  Har'ford,  a  hamlet  of  San  Luis  Obispo  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  Pacific,  10  miles  by  rail  S.  of  San  Luis  Obispo. 

Port  Har'relson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Horry  co.,  S.C.,  on 
Bull  Creek,  50  miles  E.  of  Kingstree.     It  has  a  church. 

Port  Ilast'ings,  or  Plaister  (pliis't^r)  Cove,  a  sea- 
port town  of  Nova  Scotia,  co.  of  Inverness,  on  the  Gut  of 
Canso,  72  miles  E.  of  New  Glasgow,  a  repeating-station  of 
the  ocean  telegraphs.     It  has  large  fisheries  and  trade. 

Port  Hawkesbury,  hawks'b§r-e,  a  seaport  town  of 
Nova  Scotia,  co.  of  Inverness,  on  the  Gut  of  Canso,  75  miles 
E.  of  New  Glasgow.  It  has  2  marine  railways  and  several 
stores.     A  large  trade  is  done  in  fish  and  general  produce. 

Port  Hay'wood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Matthews  co.,  Va., 
near  Chesapeake  Bay,  2  miles  from  a  steamboat-landing. 

Porth  Ceri,  a  town  of  Wales.    Sec  Porth  Kerry. 

Port  Hen'ry,  a  post-office  of  Nassau  co.,  Fla. 

Port  Henry,  a  post-village  in  Moriah  township, 
Essex  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  &  Canada  Railroad,  40 
miles  N.  of  Whitehall,  and  about  35  miles  S.  by  AV.  of  Bur- 
lington, Vt.  It  is  picturesquely  situated  on  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  about  2  miles  from  Mount  Bulwagga.  It  contains  a 
graded  school,  a  national  bank,  4  churches,  2  newsjiaper 
offices,  2  blast-furnaces,  and  several  bloomeries.  It  c.xportd 
much  magnetic  iron  ore.     Pop.  in  1890,  2436. 

Port  Henry,  a  spacious  harbor  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Patagonia,  near  Cape  Tres  Puntas.     Lat.  50°  S. 

Port  Her'bert,  a  maritime  hamlet  of  Nova  Scotia,  3 
miles  from  Port  Joly. 

Port  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Prince  co.,  Prince  Edward 
Island,  on  Richmond  Bay,  16  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Summer- 
side.   It  has  a  saw-mill,  grist-mills,  and  ship-yards.    P.  350. 

Port  Johnson,  New  Jersey.     See  Bayonnk. 

Porth  Kerry,  ox  Porth  Ceri,  porth  kfir'ree,  a  sea 
port  town  of  Wales,  co.  of  Glamorgan,  10  miles  S.W.  of 
Cardiff. 

Porth'leven,  a  seaport  village  of  England,  in  Corn- 
wall, 2  miles  S.AV.  of  Helstone.     Pop.  1562. 

Port  Ho'mer,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  eo.,  0.,  on 
the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  Cleveland  <fe  Pittsburg  Rail- 
road, 14  miles  N.  of  Steubenville.  Coal  and  fire-clay  are 
found  here. 

Port  Hood,  or  Jes'tico,  a  seaport  town  of  Nova 
Scotia,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Inverness,  on  the  Gulf  of  St. 
Lawrence,  28  miles  N.  of  Port  Hastings.  Its  harbor  is  safe, 
it  has  good  anchorage,  and  it  is  a  rendezvous  for  the  mack- 
erel-fleet, of  which  as  many  as  500  sail  can  sometimes  be 
seen  at  one  time.  The  town  contains  a  hotel  and  half  a 
dozen  stores.  There  are  rich  coal-mines  in  the  vicinity. 
Pop.  700.     Port  Hood  Island  lies  off  the  harbor. 

Port  Hoo'ver,  a  post-village  iu  Victoria  co.,  Ontario, 
on  Scugog  Lake,  9  miles  S.  of  Oakwood.     Pop.  100. 

Port  Hope,  a  post  village  and  shipping-pcint  in  Rubi- 
con township,  Huron  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Huron,  about  70 


■ 


POR 


2202 


POR 


milM  N.  br  W.  of  Port  Huron.  It  haf  a  ohuroh,  and  manu- 
faoturea  of  leather,  lumber,  and  nalt. 

Port  Hope*  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  oo..  Wis.,  on 
Fox  Rlvor,  8  or  7  railos  N,  of  PortAge  City,  and  1  mile  from 
Corning  Station. 

Port  IlopCf  a  town  and  port  of  entry  of  Ontario,  oapi- 
tftl  of  the  CO.  of  Durham,  on  Lake  Ontario,  at  the  S.  tor- 
minus  of  the  Midland  Railway,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk 
Kailrood,  03  miles  K.  of  Toronto.  It  commands  fine  views 
of  the  lake,  and  has  5  or  6  churches,  3  branch  bunks,  2  news- 
paper odicos,  sororal  hotels,  5  flouring-inills,  a  plaster-mill, 
a  planing-mill,  a  distillery,  2  breweries,  and  manufactories 
of  woollens,  buttons,  leather,  steam -engines,  machinery,  iron 
castings,  <to.  The  streets  are  lighted  with  goa,  and  the 
harbor  is  one  of  the  best  on  the  lake.     Pop.  5114. 

Port  Ilowe,  hSw,  a  landing-place  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Cat  Island,  in  the  Bahama  Islands. 

Port  Ilud'son^a  post-villngo  of  East  Feliciana  parish. 
La.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Mississippi  Iliver,  and  on  the 
Clinton  A,  Port  Hudson  Railroad,  about  22  miles  above 
Baton  Rouge.  It  has  a  church  and  a  plough-factory.  The 
product  of  many  plantations  of  cotton  is  shipped  here. 
Qcnoral  Banks  took  this  place,  with  about  6000  prisoners, 
July  9,  1863. 

Port  Hudson,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Mo.,  about 
62  miles  W.  by  S.  of  St.  Louis. 

Port  Iluii'tcr,  an  inlet  of  New  South  Wales,  75  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Sydney.  Lat.  32°  55'  S.;  Ion.  151°  48'  E.  It 
receives  the  Hunter  River,  and  on  the  S.  side  of  its  entrance 
has  the  town  of  Newcastle. 

Port  Ilu'ron,  a  city  of  Michigan,  a  port  of  entry,  and 
the  capital  of  St.  Clair  co.,  is  on  the  St.  Clair  River  where 
it  issues  from  Lake  Huron,  and  is  opposite  Sarnia,  Canada. 
By  railroad  it  is  62  miles  N.N.E.  of  Detroit,  and  60  miles 
E.  of  Flint.  It  is  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  and  is  the 
E.  terminus  of  the  Chicago  &  Lake  Huron  Railroad.  It  is 
at  the  mouth  of  Black  Iliver,  on  which  large  quantities  of 
pine  timber  are  transported  to  this  city.  Steam  ferry-boats 
ply  hence  to  Sarnia,  and  steamboats  ply  daily  (except  in 
winter)  between  this  port  and  Detroit.  It  contains  a  city 
hall,  a  court-house,  9  churches,  a  high  school,  a  national 
bank,  a  savings-bank,  an  opera-house,  gas-works,  water- 
works, ship-yards,  3  flouring-mills,  several  saw-mills,  2 
grain-elevators,  3  dry-docks,  printing-offices  which  issue 
I  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers,  and  extensive  car-shops 
and  repair-shops  of  the  railroads.  It  is  supplied  with  water 
from  Lake  Huron  by  the  Holly  System.  Here  is  a  new 
and  fine  building  for  custom-house  and  post-office,  which 
cost  $250,000  and  was  finished  in  1877.  Port  Huron  was 
incorporated  in  1857.  Pop.  in  1890,  13,543  ;  of  Port  Huron 
township,  additional,  1407. 

Portici^  poR'te-che,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  a  railway,  and 
on  the  Bay  of  Naples,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Naples,  at  the  N. 
foot  of  Vesuvius.  Pop.  11,792.  It  is  beautifully  situated, 
and  has  a  large  royal  palace,  adorned  with  pictures  and 
frescoes  from  the  walls  of  Pompeii,  a  museum  of  antique 
■tatues,  bronzes,  arms,  and  furniture  taken  from  the  buried 
cities,  and  a  magnificent  park  and  garden.  It  has  also 
several  other  fine  residences,  a  large  church,  a  monastery, 
ribbon-manufactures,  an  active  fishery,  and  a  coasting-trade. 

Portico,  poR'te-ko,  a  village  of  lUvly,  36  miles  N.E. 
of  Florence,  on  the  Montone.     Pop.  2757. 

Portillo,  poR-teel'yo,  a  town  of  Spain,  13  miles  S.E. 
of  Valladolid.     Pop.  1115. 

Portillo,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  province 
and  19  miles  N.W.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  1650. 

Portillo,  poR-teel'yo,  a  mountain-pass  of  the  Andes,  in 
Chili.     Lat.  33°  40'  S.     Height,  14,365  feet. 

Portimflo,  Portugal.     See  Villanova  de  Poutimao. 

Port'ishead,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Somerset, 
on  the  Bristol  Channel,  7i  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Bristol. 
It  has  a  large  floating  pier,  or  breakwater,  for  the  shelter 
of  ocean  steamers. 

Port  Jack'son,  a  post-village  in  Florida  township, 
Montgomery  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie  Canal,  and  on  the  Mo- 
hawk River,  opposite  Amsterdam,  and  33  miles  by  railroad 
W.N.W.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  church,  a  foundry,  a  broom- 
factory,  and  a  sash-factory. 

Port  Jackson,  Ulster  co.,  ^.Y.    See  Accord. 

Port  Jack'son,  an  inlet  of  New  South  Wales,  oo.  of 
Cumberland,  in  lat.  33°  51'  S.,  Ion.  151°  18'  E.  It  extends 
15  miles  inland,  and  forms  one  of  the  finest  harbors  known. 
The  city  of  Sydney  is  on  its  S.  side. 

.  Port  Jefferson,  a  post- village  in  Brookhaven  town- 
•hip,  Sufiblk  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Long  Island  Sound,  and  on  a 
branch  of  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  60  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Brooklyn.     It  has  a  good  harbor,  a  large  summer  hotel,  3 


churches,  and  I  or  2  newspaper  offices.  Ship-building  is 
carrieil  on  here.  A  steam  ferry-boat  daily  crosses  the  Sound 
from  this  place  to  Bridgeport,  Conn.,  which  is  about  2U 
miles  distant.     Pop.  about  1800. 

Port  Jefferson  (Pratt  Post-Offico),  a  village  of  Shelby 
00.,  0.,  in  Salem  township,  on  the  Miami  River,  and  on  a 
feeder  of  the  Miami  A  Erie  Canal,  about  18  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Piqua,  and  5  miles  N.  of  Sydney.  It  has  3  churchci  a 
flour-mill,  and  6  stores.     Pop.  410. 

Port  Jer'vig,  a  post-town  in  Deer  Park  townohip, 
Orange  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  i  mile  abovu 
the  mouth  of  the  Neversink  River,  88  miles  N.W.  of  Now 
York,  and  21  miles  W.8.W.  of  Middletown.  It  is  on  tlio 
Erie  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  its  Monticello  Branch, 
and  on  the  Delaware  &  Hudson  Canal,  and  is  surrounded  by 
attractive  scenery.     It  contains  7  churches,  a  union  schuol 

2  national  banks,  a  savings-bank,  extensive  workshops  and 
round-houses  of  the  railroad,  an  iron-foundry,  and  sevcrni 
factories.  One  daily,  one  tri-weekly,  and  2  weekly  news- 
papers  are  published  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  9327. 

Port  Jol'ly,  a  post-hamlet  in  Queens  oo.,  Nova  Scotia, 
on  the  Atlantic  coast,  25  miles  from  Liverpool.     Pop.  200. 

Port  Ken'nedy,  a  post-village  in  Upper  Morion  town-  i 
ship,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Schuylkill  River,  and  on 
the  Reading  Railroad,  4i  miles  above  Norristown.  It  bat  j 
an  iron-furnace,  2  lime-kilns,  and  a  church.     Pop.  516.        ' 

Port  Kent,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Lake 
Champlain,  and  on  the  New  York  <t  Canada  Railroad,  13 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Plattsburg,  and  about  10  miles  W.  by  N. : 
of  Burlington,  Vt.  It  is  connected  with  the  latter  by  a ' 
steam  ferry.  Large  quantities  of  iron  are  exported  from 
this  place.     It  has  a  church.  i 

Port  Knock'ie  or  Nock'ie,  a  fishing  village  of  Scot-  j 
land,  CO.  of  Banff,  2  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cullen.     Pop.  1235    1 

Port  La  Mar,  a  seaport  of  Bolivia.    See  Codija. 

Port  Lambton,  Ontario.     See  Lambtox. 

Portland,  England.    See  Isle  of  Portland. 

Portland,  a  post-office  of  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Ala- 1 
baina  River,  about  24  miles  S.S.W.  of  Selma. 

Portland,  a  post-office  of  Ashley  co..  Ark.  I 

Portland,  a  post-village  of  Ouray  co.,  Col.,  about  300  I 
miles  from  Garland  Railroad  Station.  It  has  snielting- 
works  for  silver,  which  is  mined  here.     Pop.  about  300.       ! 

Portland,  a  post-village  in  Portland  township,  Mid- 1 
dlescx  CO.,  Conn.,  opposite  Middletown,  on  the  Boston  & 
New  York  Air-Line  Railroad,  and  on  the  E.  bank  of  the 
Connecticut  River,  14  miles  S.  of  Hartford.  It  contains  a 
national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  high  school,  and  several  i 
churches.  Here  are  valuable  quarries  of  red  sandstone  I 
(freestone),  an  excellent  material  for  building,  of  which! 
many  fine  edifices  in  New  York  and  other  cities  have  been 
built.  Nearly  1200  men  are  employed  in  these  quarries. 
Portland  has  a  manufactory  of  engine-governors,  and  a  fine 
railroad-bridge  over  the  river.  P.  of  township  (1890),  4687 

Portland,  a  township  of  Whiteside  co.,  III.  It  it 
bounded  N.W.  by  Rock  River.     Pop.  986. 

Portland,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jay  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Wayne  township,  on  Salamonie  River,  and  on  the  Cincin-' 
nati,  Richmond  A  Fort  Wayne  Railroad,  43  miles  N.  of 
Richmond,  and  about  30  miles  N.E.  of  Muncie.     It  has  3 
newspaper  offices,  2  banks,  and  3  churches.  P.  (1890)  3725. 

Portland,  a  village  in  Kankakee  township.  La  Porte 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan  Southern  Rail- 
road, 7  miles  N.E.  of  La  Porte.  It  has  3  churches,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  saw-mill.     Here  is  Rolling  Prairie  Post-Otlice. 

Portland,  a  post-hamlet  in  Portland  township,  Cerro 
Gordo  CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  4  or  5  miles  E.  of  Mason  City.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  397. 

Portland,  a  township  of  Kossuth  co.,  Iowa.    P.  469. 

Portland,  a  township  of  Plymouth  co.,  Iowa.    P.  249 

Portland,  a  village  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Des  Moines  River,  about  24  miles  S.E.  of  Ottumwa. 

Portland,  the  commercial  metropolis  of  Maine,  a  port 
of  entry,  and  seat  of  justice  of  Cumberland  co.,  on  Cascc 
Bay,  60  miles  S.S.W.  of  Augusta,  105  miles  N.E.  of  Bos- 
ton, 292  miles  S.E.  of  Montreal,  and  317  miles  from  Quebec. 
Lat.  43°  39'  27"  N.;  Ion.  70°  15'  40"  W.  It  is  pleasantly 
situated  on  a  narrow  peninsula  or  tongue  of  land  ])rojecting 
from  the  W.  shore  of  Casco  Bay.     This  peninsula  is  about 

3  miles  in  length  from  E.  to  W.',  and  rises  at  each  extremity 
into  considerable  elevations,  giving  the  city  a  beautiful 
appearance  as  it  is  approached  from  the  sea.  Its  breadth 
averages  about  three-quarters  of  a  mile,  though  it  is  much 
wider  than  this  at  its  eastern  termination  and  also  at  its 
junction  with  the  mainland.  The  harbor  is  one  of  the 
best  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  the  anchorage  being  protected 


i'OR 


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on  every  side  by  land,  the  communication  with  the  ocean 
easy  and  direct,  and  the  depth  sufficient  for  the  largest 
thips.  Although  in  a  northern  latitude,  it  is  never  entirely 
closed  by  ice,  even  in  the  very  coldest  weather.  The  prin- 
cipal entrance  lies  between  the  mainland  on  the  S.W.  and 
House  Island  on  the  N.E.;  it  is  defended  by  Fort  Preble 
on  the  former.  Fort  Scammel  on  the  latter,  and  Fort  Gorges. 
The  city,  with  but  few  exceptions,  is  regularly  laid  out,  and 
handsomely  built,  chiefly  of  brick.  Many  of  the  streets  are 
remarkable  fur  their  elegance.  Congress  street  is  the  prin- 
cipal thorough faVe,  and  extends  from  Munjoy  Hill  on  the 
i;.  to  Bramhall's  Hill  on  the  W.,  following  the  ridge  of  the 
peninsula  throughout  its  length. 

Among  the  public  buildings  of  Portland  are  a  splendid 
city  hall,  built  in  1859,  of  drab-colored  sandstone,  sur- 
mounted by  a  lofty  dome;  a  spacious  granite  custom-house, 
a  post-office  of  marble,  the  Maine  general  hospital,  the 
home  for  aged  women,  the  female  orphan  asylum,  and  a 
granite  mechanics'  hall.  The  churches  are  30  in  number, 
viz.,  9  Trinitarian  Congregationalist,  3  Unitarian,  2  Uni- 
vorsalist,  3  Baptist,  3  Protestant  Episcopal,  6  Methodist 
Episcopal,  2  Roman  Catholic,  1  Swedenborgian,  1  Quaker. 
It  is  the  seat  of  a  Catholic  bishop,  and  of  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  bishop  of  Maine. 

Portland  has  several  scientific  and  literary  institutions, 
among  which  are  the  Portland  Society  of  Natural  History, 
the  Portland  Athenaeum,  incorporated  in  1826,  the  Portland 
Institute  and  Public  Library,  the  law  library,  the  Maine 
Charitable  Mechanic  Association,  and  about  60  other  literary, 
scientific,  and  charitable  societies,  some  of  them  of  more 
than  local  importance.  Near  the  city  limits  are  a  state  re- 
form school  and  the  United  States  marine  hospital. 

Portland  enjoys  excellent  facilities  both  for  ocean  com- 
merce and  for  inland  trade.  In  addition  to  its  excellent 
harbor  advantages,  it  has  railway  communication  with  the 
seaboard  for  many  hundred  miles,  and  with  the  various 
important  sections  of  the  interior.  The  Grand  Trunk 
Kailway  connects  Portland  with  Montreal  and  Detroit, 
thereby  forming  a  direct  channel  for  the  rich  commerce 
of  the  river  St.  Lawrence  and  of  the  great  lakes.  Port- 
land is  also  the  terminus  of  the  Boston  &  Maine,  Ports- 
mouth, Saco  <fc  Portland,  Portland  &  Rochester,  and  Port- 

,  land  4  Ogdensburg  "' 

!  of  the  Maine  Centi 

■  foreign  and  coastw 
in  recent  years  a 
$20,000,000.  The 
customs  district  ol 
amounting  to  ov€ 
facilities  for  the  t 
the  shipping,  sue 
There  are  also  2  dr} 

:  of  ships.     Lines  o 

Iaf  the  coast  cities 
,  there  is  in  winter 
Liverpool.  Portia 
$3,050,000),  and  2 
posits.  There  are 
also  communicatio 
The  town  is  light 
voapital   being  owr 

I  abundantly  suppli( 
Sebago  Lake.  Tb 
«ts,  largely  of  a  i 
morcial  city.  Shi 
•Railroad-cars,  loco 
forged  iron  goods, 
of  manufacture, 
fund  other  minor 
bthere  are  20  publ 
whool  for  the  dea 
iveokly,  and  seven 

s  much  visited  as 
vicinity  are  many 

'.onsidercd  remark 

)y  the  cholera,  ev 

ither  neighboring 
Portland  was  se 

ndian  name  was 

he  colonies  were 

nd  the  mother-cc 

•sters;  three  tim^ 

levolution  it  has 

ion.    The  city  cl 

irge  part  of  ths  < 

2,601 ;  in  1840, 

a  1870,  31,413;  i 


of  several  contiguous  villages,  the  city  proper  covering  only 
1666  acres  of  land. 

Portland,  a  post-village  in  Portland  township,  Ionia 
c'».,  Mich.,  on  the  Grand  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Look- 
ing-Glass  River,  and  on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  &  Northern 
Railroad,  24  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lansing,  and  14  miles  S.E. 
of  Ionia.  It  contains  5  churches,  2  banking-offices,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  union  school,  2  flour-mills,  and  2  foundries. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1678;  of  the  township,  2620.  It  has  exten- 
sive water-power,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  goods,  sash, 
and  blinds. 

Portland,  a  post-village  of  Callaway  cc.  Mo.,  on  the 
N.  bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  30  miles  below  Jefferson 
City.     It  has  a  good  landing,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.    ' 

Portland,  a  post-township  of  Chautauqua  Co.,  N.Y., 
is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  Lake  Eric,  and  traversed  by 
the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad.  It  con- 
tains post-villages  named  Brocton  and  Portland.  Portland  ' 
is  on  the  railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Dunkirk.  It  hag  2 
churches  and  a  manufactory  of  grape-wine.  Pop.  about 
350  ;  of  the  township,  2048. 

Portland,  a  township  of  Erie  co.,  0.  Pop.  681,  ex- 
clusive of  Sandusky. 

Portland,  a  post-village  in  Warren  township,  Jefierson 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  Cleveland  <fc  Pitts- 
burg Railroad,  9  miles  above  Wheeling,  and  13  miles  N.  of 
Bellaire.  It  has  a  church.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is 
Portland  Station.    See  also  Oak  Hill. 

Portland,  a  post-village  in  Lebanon  township,  Meigs 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  15  miles  E.  of  Pomeroy. 

Portland,  the  most  populous  city  of  Oregon,  a  port  of 
entry,  and  the  capital  of  Multnomah  co.,  is  situated  on  the 
left  (W.)  bank  of  the  Willamette  River,  12  miles  from  its  • 
junction  with  the  Columbia,  and  about  100  miles  from  the 
ocean.  It  is  772  miles  by  mil  from  San  Francisco,  205S' 
miles  from  Minneapolis,  and  145  miles  S.  of  Tacoma.  Lat. 
45°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  1 22°  27'  30"  W.  Steamboats  ply  regularly 
between  this  port  and  S.an  Francisco,  Ol3'mpia,  and  other 
places  on  Puget  Sound  and  the  Columbia  River.  Portland 
contains  a  court-house,  about  20  churches,  a  custom-house,  a, 
public  school  system  embracing  a  high  school  and  grammar- 
schools,  a  seminary  for  girls,  called  St.  Helen's  Hall,  a  na- 


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o^ «  =  E  i  3  '''  Morris  co.,   N.J.,  in 

-  c  ^»  0  g"  B-  i  2.  CS  &  Essex  Railroad,  at  the 

S  3  '  "^'-^  '^  ?  T&nch  and  the  High  Bridge 

»  Hi  3  *"  o"  rSf  Newark.     It  has  a  church, 

^•'o  "^  of  ""on  ore.     Pop.  about  1000. 
3  g  °  post-village  of  Volusia  co.,  Fla.,  on 
g;      S  miles  S.  by  E.  of  St.  Augustine.     It 
a    d  several  orange-groves. 
COR'to  ri,  a  town  of  Croatia,  on  the  Gulf 
miles  S.E.  of  Fiume.     Pop.  1200. 
^  Seal,  a  town  of  Brazil.    See  Porto  Imperial. 
^  ^     ..      i-ftecanati,  pou'to  ri-ki-ni'te,  a  decayed  port 
-I  ffl  '^  ^  H  /,  province   of  Macerata,  on  the  Adriatic,  at  the 

3  to  E,  ?i  of  the  Potenza,  near  Loreto. 
►^     ''-.S'ort  Or'ford,  a  post-village  of  Curry  co.,  Oregon,  on 
°  t>  56e  Pacific  Ocean,  about  90  miles  S.W.  of  Roseburg.     It  has 
a  good  harbor  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Porto  Rico,  poR'to  ree'ko  (Sp.  Puerto  Rico,  pwSn'to 
ree'ko,  i.e.,  "  rich  port"),  one  of  the  Spanish  West  India 
Islands,  the  fourth  in  size  of  the  Antilles,  E.  of  Hayti  and 
W.  of  the  Virgin  Islands,  lat.  (S.W.  point)  17°  56'  N., 
Ion.  67°  10'  W.,  90  miles  long  from  E.  to  ^V.,  and  36  miles 
broad.  A  range  of  mountains  ruUiP  through  the  island  from 
E.  to  W.,  its  loftiest  peak  being  3678  feet  high.  In  the 
interior  are  extensive  savannas,  on  which  numerous  herds 
are  pastured,  and  along  the  coasts  are  tracts  of  level,  fer- 
tile land.    Nearly  the  whole  of  the  N.  coast  is  lined  with 


II 


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^204 


POR 


Portland  Bill.    See  Isle  or  Pohtland. 

Portland  Centre,  Monroe  oo.,  Vfis.    See  PontLAND. 

Portland  Channel,  oflT  the  W.  coast  of  North  Ainor- 
loii,  Btrctulios  inland,  in  lat.  55°  N.,  Ion.  130°  W.,  and  sepa- 
rates Alaska  from  British  America. 

Port  Lan'dia,  a  post-offloe  of  Norton  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  North  Fork  of  Solomon  River. 

Portland  Islands,  a  small  group  in  the  PaciQo,  "W. 
of  New  Iliinovor.    Lat.  2°  38'  S.;  Ion.  149°  29'  E. 

Portland  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.,  on 
Raccoon  Creek,  about  32  miles  N.E,  of  Terre  Haute. 

Portland  Station,  Jefferson  co.,  0.    See  Portland. 

Port'landville,  a  post-village  of  Plymouth  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Sioux  lUver,  and  on  the  Sioux  City  &  Pembina 
Bailroad,  30  miles  N.  of  Sioux  City.  It  has  2  ohurobes  and 
ft  flour-mill. 

Purtlandville,  a  post-village  in  Milford  tovrnship, 
Otsego  00.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the 
Gooperstown  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  12^  miles  S.  of 
Cooperstown,  and  68  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Albany.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  2  carriage-shops,  2  saw-mills,  <tc. 

Port  La  Tour,  1&  toor,  a  post-settlement  in  Shelburne 
00.,  Nova  Scotia,  8  miles  from  Barrington. 

Port  Lavaca,  or  Lavaca,  l&-v&'k&,  a  post-village 
of  Calhoun  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  W.  shore  of  Lavaca  Bay,  about 
22  miles  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  125  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Galveston.  It  is  near  the  mouth  of  the  Lavaca  River, 
and  2  miles  from  Lavaca  Station  on  the  Gulf,  Western  Texas 
&  PaoiQo  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  factory  for 
canning  beef.     Pop.  768. 

PortMaw',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  9  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Waterford,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Suir.  Pop.  3774,  mostly 
employed  in  cotton-factories. 

Port  Lew'is,  a  post-village  in  Huntingdon  co.,  Que- 
bec, on  Lake  St.  Francis,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Huntingdon. 

PortLeyden,  li'd^n,  a  post-village  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y., 
on  Block  River,  and  on  the  Utica  &  Black  River  Railroad, 
42  miles  N.  of  Utica,  and  16  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Lowville.  It 
is  mostly  in  Lcyden  township,  and  is  on  the  Black  River 
Canal.  It  contains  4  churches,  an  iron-furnace,  several 
large  tanneries,  and  saw-mills.  Near  this  place  are  re- 
markable waterfalls  and  rapids.     Pop.  about  1200. 

Port  Lincoln,  link  pn,  a  village  of  Australia,  on  the 
W.  side  of  Spencer  Gulf.     Lat.  34°  45'  S. ;  Ion.  135°  50'  E. 

Port  Louis,  port  loo'is  (Fr.  pron.  pon  loo'ee'),  a  sea- 
port town  of  France,  in  Morbihan,  2i  miles  S.  of  Lorient, 
on  a  peninsula  at  the  entrance  of  its  bay.  Pop.  3262.  It 
is  defended  by  a  citadel  on  a  neighboring  rock,  and  has  an 
arsenal.  The  fishery  and  trade  in  pilchards  form  the  chief 
occupation  of  the  poorer  classes.  It  was  founded  by  Louis 
XIII.,  in  1635. 

Port  Louis,  Falkland  Islands.    See  Stanley. 

Port  Lou'is,  or  Port  NorthUvest',  the  capital  town 
of  the  island  of  Mauritius,  at  the  head  of  a  bay,  on  its 
N.W.  side.  Lat.  20°  9'  S. ;  Ion.  57°  28'  E.  Pop.  74,525. 
It  has  a  citadel,  good  barracks,  a  bazaar,  a  theatre,  a  public 
library,  and  a  hospital.  The  town  and  harbor  are  strongly 
fortified,  but  the  entrance  to  the  latter  is  difficult.  Port 
Louis  is  the  seat  of  Anglican  and  Roman  Catholic  bishops, 
has  9  churches  and  chapels,  a  mosque,  IIin(|oo  and  Chinese 
t<.mples,  2  colleges,  and  5  daily  newspapers,  and  is  the  ter- 
minus of  two  lines  of  railway. 

Port  Louis,  a  maritime  town  of  Guadeloupe,  West 
Indies,  on  the  Great  Cul-de-Sac,  12  miles  N.  of  La  Pointe- 
i-Pitre.     It  has  a  small  harbor,  defended  by  forts. 

Port  Louisa,  loo-e'za,  a  post-hamlet  in  Port  Louisa 
township,  Louisa  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about 
15  miles  below  Muscatine.  It  has  a  lumber-mill.  Pop. 
75.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Iowa 
iliver,  and  has  a  pop.  of  721. 

Port  Lud'low,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Wash- 
ington, on  Paget  Sound,  about  16  miles  S.  of  Port  Town- 
Eend.     It  has  1  or  2  lumber-mills.     Pop.  259. 

Port  Lyttelton,  New  Zealand.    See  Lyttelton. 

Port  Macquar'ie,  an  inlet  of  New  South  Wales,  at 
tbe  mouth  of  Hastings  River;  lat.  of  entrance,  31°  25'  S., 
Ion.  152°  57'  E.  It  is  visited  regularly  by  .steamers.  At 
high  water  there  is  a  depth  of  9  feet  on  the  bar.  Port 
Macquarie  is  a  town  on  the  same  bay.     Pop.  514. 

Port  Mad'ison,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Kitsap  co., 
Washington,  on  Bainbridge  Island,  and  on  the  W.  shore  of 
Paget  Sound,  about  65  miles  N.N.E.  of  Olympia,  and  14 
miles  N.W.  of  Seattle.  It  has  several  saw-mills.  Lumber 
is  the  chief  article  of  export.     Pop.  249. 

Portmad'oc,  a  small  seaport  town  of  Wales,  co.  of 
Carnarvon,  at  the  N.E.  extremity  of  Cardigan  Bay,  at  a 
railway  junction,  4  miles  E.N.E.  of  Crickeith.     It  is  3 


feet  below  the  level  of  the  sea,  but  is  protected  by  embank- 
ments. The  harbor  admits  vessels  of  300  tons'  burden,  and 
has  a  thriving  trade  in  slates  from  the  quarries  of  Fcstiniojr 
in  Merionethshire.  *' 

Port  Maholmnck,  pOrt  mi-h5'm»k,  a  village  and 
seaport  of  Scotland,  cos.  of  Ross  and  Cromarty,  on  the  8 
side  of  Dornoch  Firth,  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cromarty. 


the  residence  of  the  miliUiry  governor  and  of  the  Bishop 
of  Minorca,  and  has  extensive  manufactures  of  shoes  for 
the  Cuba  trade.  Its  port  is  one  of  the  best  and  most  com- 
modious in  the  Mediterranean. 

Port  JUait'land,  or  Broad  Creek,  a  post-villoge 
in  Monck  co.,  Ontario,  on  Grand  River,  near  its  entrance 
into  Lake  Erie.     Pop.  100. 

Port  Mari'a,  a  seaport  village  of  Jamaica,  co.  of 
Middlesex,  on  its  N.  coast,  25  miles  E.  of  St.  Ann's. 

Port  Mary,  a  creek  of  Scotland,  6  miles  E.S.E.  of 
the  entrance  to  Kirkcudbright  Bay,  where  Mary  Queen  of 
Scots  embarked  in  her  flight  to  England, 

Port  MatiI'da,  a  post-village  in  Worth  township. 
Centre  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Bald  Eagle  Valley  Branch  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  28  miles  N.E.  of  Altoona.  It  bos 
2  churches,  a  tannery,  2  lumber-mills,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Port  Matoun,  mi-toon'  (or  Mouton)  Island,  at 
the  W,  entrance  to  Port  Matoun,  Queens  co.,  Nova  Scotia. 

Port  Medi'na,  a  town  and  port  of  entry,  capital  of 
the  Bay  Islands,  Honduras,  on  the  island  of  Ruatan.  It 
has  a  large  trade  with  the  United  States  and  Great  Britain. 

Port  Med'way,  or  Mill  Vil'lagc,  a  seaport  town 
of  Nova  Scotia,  in  Queens  co.,  at  the  head  of  a  capuciuus 
harbor,  96  miles  S.W.  of  Halifax.  It  has  several  stores, 
mills,  and  ship-yards.     Pop.  600. 

Port  Mer'cer,  a  hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Morris  Canal,  2i  miles  from  Lawrence  Station. 

Port  Mliaddra,  Egypt.    See  Baretoos. 

Port  Mon'mouth,  a  post-village  in  Middletown  town- 
ship, Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  on  Sandy  Hook  Bay,  20  miles  S. 
of  New  York,  and  7  or  8  miles  N.  of  Red  Bank.  It  is  the 
N.  terminus  of  the  New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad.  It  con- 
tains 2  churches.  It  is  mainly  supported  by  trade  and  the 
fisheries,  and  has  manufactures  of  fish  oil  and  guano. 

Port  Monte,  a  town  of  Chili.    See  Pueuto  Montt. 

Port  Mo^rant',  a  seaport  on  the  S.  coast  of  Jamaica, 
6  miles  E.  of  the  town  of  iMorant. 

Port  Moresby,  mOrz'be,  a  town  and  English  mission 
on  the  S.  coast  of  Papua. 

Port  Mor'ris,  a  post-village  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Roxbury  township,  on  the  Morris  &  Essex  Railroad,  8  milef 
W.  of  Dover.     It  has  2  churches. 

Port  Mul'gravc,  a  harbor  on  the  E.  side  of  Admiralty 
Bay,  Alaska.     Lat.  59°  33'  N. ;  Ion.  149°  43'  W. 

Port  Mulgrave,  a  seaport  town  of  Nova  Scotia,  co, 
of  Guysborough,  on  the  Gut  of  Canso,  opposite  Port  Hawkes- 
bury.  This  is  one  of  the  most  important  fishing-stations  in 
the  province.     Pop.  400, 

Port  Mur'ray,  a  post-village  in  Mansfield  township, 
Warren  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Morris  Canal,  and  on  the  Morris 

6  Essex  Railroad,  17i  miles  E.N.E.  of  Easton,  Pa.  It  boi 
a  church.     Pop.  about  100. 

Portnaha'ven,  a  fishing  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Argyle,  on  the  island  of  Islay.     Pop.  411. 

Port  Naranjo,  Cuba.    See  Pi'EnTO  Nabanjo. 

Port  Natal,  Africa.    See  Duns  an. 

Port  Nel'son,  a  post-village  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Ilalton, 
on  Lake  Ontario,  33  miles  S.S.W.  of  Toronto.     Pop.  200. 

Portneuf,  port'nuf  (Fr.  pron.  poii'nuf),  a  county  of 
Quebec,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  has  an  area 
of  7255  square  miles.  It  is  watered  by  the  river  St.  Mau- 
rice.    Capital,  Cap  Sant6.     Pop.  23,216. 

Portneuf,  u  post-village  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Portneuf, 
at  the  entrance  of  the  Portneuf  River  into  the  river  St. 
Lawrence,  36  miles  above  Quebec.  It  has  2  paper-mills, 
saw-,  flour-,  and  carding-mills,  a  nail-factory,  2  hotels,  and 

7  or  8  stores.     Pop.  800, 

Portneuf,  a  village  in  Saguenay  co.,  Quebec,  on  the 
St,  Lawrence,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Portneuf  River,  45  miles 
below  Tadousac,     Pop.  500. 

Port  Neuf  River,  Oneida  co.,  Idaho,  runs  westward, 
and  enters  the  Snake  River  near  lat.  42°  56'  N.  It  is  about 
110  miles  long.     Basalt  abounds  in  the  caiion  of  this  river. 

Port  Nicholson,  nik'9l-s9n,  a  harbor  of  New  Zea- 
land, in  Cook  Strait,  at  the  S.  extremity  of  North  Island, 
with  Wellington  on  its  W.  side. 


POR 


2205 


POR 


Port  Nix'on,  a  hamlet  of  Ulster  oo.,  N.Y.,  in  Wawar- 

ling  township,  8  miles  from  Ellenville. 

Port  Nockie,  Scotland.    See  Pout  Knockie. 

Port  Nol'loth,  a  seaport  town  of  Cape  Colony,  on  the 
W.  coast,  and  on  Robbe  Bay,  a  small  inlet  50  miles  S.E.  of 
the  mouth  of  the  Orange  River.  It  is  the  terminus  of  a 
railway  extending  into  the  interior  of  Namaqua  Land  for 
transporting  the  copper  ores  which  form  the  chief  article 
of  export. 

Port  Nor'ris,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.J., 
on  tlie  Maurice  River,  about  2  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Bridgeton.  It  is  a  terminus  of  the  Bridgeton 
&,  Port  Norris  Railroad.  It  has  a  church  and  a  trade  in 
oysters. 

Port  Northwest,  Mauritius.     See  Port  Louis. 

Porto,  pou'to  (anc.  Por'tua  Traja'nus),  a  ruined  city 
and  port  of  Italy,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Rome,  on  the  Tiber. 
Here  are  the  basins  formed  by  Claudius  and  Trajan,  with 
other  remains  and  traces  of  the  ancient  city. 

Porto,  a  city  of  Portugal.    See  Opouto. 

Porto,  poR'to,  a  village  of  Spain,  province  and  about 
85  miles  from  Zamora.     Pop.  1069. 

Porto  Alegre,  poR'to  i-ld'gri,  a  city  of  Brazil,  capi- 
tal of  the  state  of  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  160  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Rio  Grande,  at  the  N.  end  of  Lago  de  los  Patos.  It  has  a 
hospital  and  schools.     Pop.,  with  suburbs,  .30,000. 

Porto  Alegre,  a  small  maritime  town  of  Brazil,  state 
of  Bahia,  120  miles  S.S.W.  of  Porto  Seguro. 

Porto  Alegre,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Rio  Grande 
do  Norte,  19Q  miles  W.  of  Natal.     Pop.  4000. 

Porto  Atacames,  poR'to  i-ti-ki'mSs  (Sp.  Puerto 
Atacamea,  pwSR'to  i-ti-ka'mSs),  a  harbor  of  Ecuador,  on 
the  Pacific,  100  miles  N.W.  of  Quito. 

Por'to  Bel'lo,  a  seaport  town  and  summer  resort  of 
Scotland,  co.  of  Edinburgh,  on  the  Firth  of  Forth,  at  a 
railway  junction,  3  miles  E.  of  Edinburgh.  It  has  assembly- 
rooms,  a  branch  bank,  brick-works,  potteries,  and  glass-, 
Eoap-,  lead-,  and  mustard-factories.  The  burgh  unites  with 
Leith  and  Musselburgh  in  sending  one  member  to  the 
House  of  Commons.     Pop.  5481. 

Porto  Belle,  poR'to  bSl'lo,  or  Garoupas,  gi-ra'- 
pis,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Santa  Catharina,  on  a  bay 
of  the  same  name,  25  miles  S.  of  Desterro.  Lat.  27°  8'  S. 
See  also  Puerto  Bello. 

Porto  Cabello,  Venezuela.    See  Puerto  Cabeli.o. 

Porto  Calvo,  poR'to  kil'vo,  formerly  Bom-Suc- 
cesso,  b6N»-soo-sis'so,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  50  miles 
N.E.  of  Alagoas. 

Porto  Civitanaova,  poK'to  cheVe-ti-noo-o'vS,,  a  vil- 
lage and  railway  station  of  Italy,  on  the  Adriatic,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Chienti,  1  mile  E.  of  Civitanuova. 

Porto  da  Estrella,  pon'to  di  5s-trfil'ia,  a  maritime 
village  of  Brazil,  on  the  Bay  of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  16  miles  N. 
of  the  city  of  Rio  Janeiro. 

Porto  d'Anzio,  poR'to  dln'ze-o,  a  small  seaport  on 
the  Mediterranean,  34  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rome.  On  a  prom- 
ontory overlooking  the  port  are  the  ruins  of  the  Roman 
Antiitm,  the  birthplace  of  Nero  and  Caligula. 

Porto  das  Caixas,  poR'to  dis  ki'shis,  a  town  of 
Brazil,  state  of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  with  a  port  on  the  Rio 
Aldeia,  an  affluent  of  the  Macacu,  37  miles  S.  of  Macacu. 

Porto  das  Pedras,  pon'to  dis  pA'dris,  a  town  of 
Brazil,  state  and  47  miles  N.E.  of  Alagoas,  on  the  sea-coast. 
Pop.  3000. 

Porto  de  Moz.  a  town  of  Brazil.    See  Moz. 

Porto  di  Bronnolo,  poR'to  dee  bron'do-lo  (anc.  Por'- 
lus  Brun'dulus),  a  spacious  bay  of  Italy,  in  the  Adriatic,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Bacchiglione.     See  also  Brondolo. 

Porto  di  Fermo,  poR'to  dee  fSu'mo,  or  Porto  San 
Giorgio,  poR'to  sin  joR'jo,  a  small  seaport  of  Italy,  on 
the  Adriatic,  near  Fermo.     Pop.  of  commune,  3214. 

Porto  Dracone  or  Leone.    See  Pir^us. 

Porto  Empedocle,  poR'to  5m-p5d'o-kli,  called  also 
Molo  di  Girgenti,  mo'lo  dee  jlR-jSn'tee,  a  town  of 
Sicily,  on  the  S.  coast,  4  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Girgenti, 
of  which  it  is  the  port.     It  is  the  seat  of  a  large  trade. 

Porto  Ercole,  poR'to  Sn'ko-li  (anc.  Her'cuUa  Por'tus), 
a  town  of  Italy,  26  miles  S.  of  Grosseto,  on  the  E.  side  of 
the  peninsula  of  Mount  Argentaro. 

Porto  Feliz,  poR'to  fi-lees',  a  town  of  Brazil,  50  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Sao  Paulo,  on  the  Tiete. 

Porto  Ferrajo,  pon'to  fdR-ni'yo,  the  chief  town  of 
Elba,  province  of  Pisa,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  island  of  Elbat. 
Pop.  6779.  It  stands  at  the  extremity  of  a  tongue  of  land 
enclosing  a  fine  harbor,  enclosed  within  fortifications,  and 
defended  by  several  batteries.  It  has  a  government  house, 
2  large  churches,  a  seminary,  town   hall,  barracks,  and 


military  hospital,  with  a  few  manufactures,  and  an  export 
trade  in  iron  from  mines  in  the  vicinity.  It  was  the  resi- 
dence of  Napoleon  from  May,  1814,  till  February,  1815. 

Porto  Fino,  Italy.     See  Fino. 

Port  of  Monteith,  Scotland.    See  Monteith. 

Port-of-Spain,  a  town  of  the  West  Indies,  capital  of 
the  island  of  Trinidad,  on  its  W.  coast.  Fort  St.  David  being 
in  lat.  10°  38'  N.,  Ion.  61°  32'  W.  Pop.  20,000.  It  is  one 
of  the  handsomest  towns  in  the  West  Indies,  having  wido 
thoroughfares,  Protestant  and  Catholic  churches,  Presby- 
terian and  Methodist  chapels,  a  good  harbor,  and  an  active 
trade.     It  is  the  see  of  a  Roman  Catholic  archbishop. 

Porto  Grande,  pon'to  grin'dA,  a  seaport  town  of  the 
Cape  Verd  Islands,  on  the  N.W.  side  of  the  island  of  St. 
Vincent.     It  has  a  fino  harbor. 

Porto  Grande,  a  town  of  the  Turkish  island  of  Scar- 
panto,  on  its  W.  coast. 

Portogruaro,  pon'to-groo-i'ro,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Venice,  27  miles  S.W.  of  Udine.     Pop.  9067. 

Porto  Imperial,  poR'to  eem-pi-re-il',  a  town  of  Bra- 
zil, 40  miles  N.N.P).  of  Goyaz,  on  the  Tocantins. 

Porto  Lago,  pon'to  li'go,  a  small  town  of  West  Africa,, 
in  a  detached  portion  of  British  territory,  on  the  Sierra 
Leone  River,  60  miles  E.N.E.  of  Freetown. 

Portole,  poR'to-ld,  a  town  of  Austria,  government  and 
20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Triest.     Pop.  2825. 

Porto  Longone,  pon'to  lon-go'nd,  a  port  and  small 
town  of  the  island  of  Paxo,  on  its  N.W.  side. 

Porto  Longone  (anc.  Por'tua  Lon'gua),  a  town  of  the 
island  of  Elba,  on  its  E.  side,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Porto  Ferrajo. 

Porto  Maggiore,  pon'to  mid-jo'ri,  a  village  of  Italy, 
formerly  on  the  Adriatic,  but  now  22  miles  W,  of  the  coast- 
line at  Comacchio.     Pop.  of  commune,  15,133. 

Porto  Maurizio,  pon'to  m5w-rid'ze-o,  a  town  of  North 
Italy,  on  the  Mediterranean,  province  of  Porto  Maurizio, 
2  miles  by  rail  W.S.AV.  of  Oneglia.     Pop.  7038. 

Porto  maurizio,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Liguria, 
bounded  S.  by  the  sea  and  W.  by  France.  Area,  467  square 
miles.  It  is  mostly  mountainous,  being  traversed  by  the 
Ligurian  Alps.     Capital,  Porto  Maurizio.     Pop.  127,053. 

Portone,  pon-to'ne,  a  village  of  Italy,  1  mile  from 
Pisa,  of  which  it  may  be  called  a  suburb. 

Port  Oneida,  o-ni'da,  a  hamlet  of  Leelanaw  co.,  Mich., 
in  Glen  Arbor  township.  It  has  a  store,  and  a  wood-dock 
on  Lake  Michigan. 

Porto  Novo,  pon'to  no'vo,  also  called  Feringhibet, 
Parangipetta,  and  Mahmood  Bender,  a  maritime 
town  of  India,  on  the  Coromandel  coast,  30  miles  S.  of  Pon- 
dicherry.  Lat.  11°  30'  N.j  Ion.  79°  60'  E.  It  has  iron- 
works.     Pop.  7182. 

Port  Onta'rio,  a  post-village  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Lake  Ontario,  at  the  mouth  of  Salmon  River,  4  miles  W.  of 
Pulaski,  and  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Oswego.     It  has  a  church. 

Porto  Plata,  pou'to  pli'ti,  a  seaport  of  Santo  Do- 
mingo, on  its  N.  coast,  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Santiago. 

Porto  Praya,  pon'to  pri'i,  also  called  Praia,  and 
Villa  da  Praia,  a  town  of  the  Cape  Verd  Islands,  on  the 
S.E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Santiago.  It  has  some  good 
public  buildings,  and  a  trade  chiefly  in  salt  and  archil. 

Porto  Principe,  Cuba.     See  Puerto  Princu'e. 

Port  O'ram,  a  post-village  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Randolph  township,  on  the  Morris  &  Essex  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Mt.  Hope  Branch  and  the  High  Bridge 
Railroad,  36  miles  W.N.W.  of  Newark.  It  has  a  church, 
a  blast- furn.ace,  and  mines  of  iron  ore.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Port  Or'ange,  a  post-village  of  Volusia  co.,  Fla.,  on 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  60  miles  S.  by  E.  of  St.  Augustine.  It 
has  a  fine  beach  and  several  orange-groves. 

Porto  Re,  pon'to  rk,  a  town  of  Croatia,  on  the  Gulf 
of  Quarnero,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Fiume.     Pop.  1200. 

Porto  Real,  a  town  of  Brazil.    See  Porto  Imperial. 

Porto  Recanati,  pon'to  ri-kd-ni'te,  a  decayed  port 
of  Italy,  province  of  Macerata,  on  the  Adriatic,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Potenza,  near  Loreto, 

Port  Or'ford,  a  post-village  of  Curry  co.,  Oregon,  on 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  about  90  miles  S.W.  of  Roseburg.  It  has 
a  good  harbor  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Porto  Rico,  pon'to  ree'ko  (Sp.  Puerto  Rico,  pwSn'to 
ree'ko,  i.e.,  "  rich  port"),  one  of  the  Spanish  West  India 
Islands,  the  fourth  in  size  of  the  Antilles,  E.  of  Hayti  nnd 
W.  of  the  Virgin  Islands,  lat.  (S.W.  point)  17°  56'  N., 
Ion.  67°  10'  W.,  90  miles  long  from  E.  to  W.,  and  36  miles 
broad.  A  range  of  mountains  rui«!  through  the  island  from 
E.  to  W.,  its  loftiest  peak  being  3678  feet  high.  In  the 
interior  are  extensive  savannas,  on  which  numerous  herds 
are  pastured,  and  along  the  coasts  are  tracts  of  level,  fer- 
tile land.    Nearly  the  whole  of  the  N.  coast  is  lined  with 


FOR 


2206 


FOR 


navigable  lagoons,  some  of  thorn  10  miles  long,  anil  many 
of  the  rivers  can  be  niivignted  a  distanoe  or  5  or  G  inilos. 
There  are  numerous  bays  and  creeks,  deep  enough  lor 
voiMols  of  considorablo  burden  ;  but  the  N.  coast  is  subject 
to  trouiondous  ground  suas,  which  boat  against  the  clilTs 
with  great  riolenoe.  Only  three  harbors  are  safe,  namely, 
QuanToa  and  Hovas,  on  the  S.  coast,  and  San  Juan,  on  the 
N,  Thore  are  no  serpents  or  other  ruptilos  on  the  island, 
but  rats  abound.  The  climate  is  generally  salubrious. 
Uold  is  found  in  small  lumps  and  in  dust  in  the  strcamf 
flowing  from  tho  heights.  Copper,  iron,  lead,  and  coal  have 
also  been  found,  and  there  are  two  salines  or  salt-ponds 
worked  by  the  government.  Porto  Uico  is  wholly  an  agri- 
cultural island ;  its  products  are  sugar,  rum,  molasses,  cof- 
fee, cotton,  excellent  tobacco,  hides,  livc-stook,  dye-woods, 
lignum-vitse,  timber,  ground  provisions,  rice,  salt,  &o. 
The  work  on  the  farms  is  effected  by  free  labor,  slavery 
having  been  here  abolished.  Tho  trade  of  Porto  Kico  is 
chiefly  with  the  United  States,  Great  liritnin,  Spain,  Cuba, 
and  Germany.  The  total  value  of  produce  e.X|>orted  from 
Porto  Uico  in  1846  was  $5,797,200;  in  1861,  S5,7Cl,974j 
in  1874,  $12,822,450;  and  in  1SS5,  $12,924,747;  imports  in 
1885,  $10,805,421;  arrivals,  1884-85,  1648  vessels;  tonnage, 
1,108,396.  Porto  Rico  is  governed  by  a  captain-general, 
who  Is  president  of  the  royal  audiencia  and  is  assisted  by  a 
junta  of  miliUiry  olfiuers.  It  is  divided  into  7  departments. 
Principal  towns,  San  Juan  do  Puerto  Kico,  Mayaguez,  Ponce, 
Arecibo,  Aguadilla,  and  Guayama.  Purto  Uico  was  dis- 
covered by  Coluutbus  in  1493.  It  1509  it  was  invaded  by 
the  Spaniards  from  Ilayti,  who  in  a  few  years  exterminated 
tho  natives,  numbering  about  700,000.  Present  pop.  754,313. 

Inhab.    PokiitokiqueSo,    pw6u-to-ro-k4n'yo;    plural, 

Pi-KnTORiguKsos,  pwfiK-to-re-kin'yoce. 
Port  Orleans,  New  York.    See  Fisher's  Landing. 
Port  Orotava,  Canaries.     See  Puekto  de  Obotava. 
Porto  Sal  Key,  pon'to  ski  rk,  a  town  of  Boavista,  in 
the  Cape  Verd  Islands,  on  its  W.  coast.     Pop.  1000. 
Porto  San  Giorgio,  Italy.    See  Pouto  di  Fermo. 
Porto  San  Stefano,  pou'to  sin  stfii'i-no  (anc.  /W- 
tu8  Domitia'nus),  a  seaport  town  of  Italy,  on  tho  N.W. 
coast  of  the  peninsula  formed  by  Mount  Argentaro,  about 
6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Orbitello.    Pop.  3515. 

Porto  Santo,  poR'to  sin'to,  one  of  the  Madeira 
Islands,  26  miles  N.E.  of  Madeira.  Lat.  33°  5'  N.;  Ion. 
10°  19'  W.  Length,  8  miles;  breadth,  3  miles.  Surface 
mountainous;  soil  parched,  and  destitute  of  timber;  prin- 
cipal products,  limestone,  wine  of  inferior  quality,  maize, 
barley,  and  fruits.  On  its  E.  coast  is  Porto  Santo,  its  capi- 
tal, with  a  pop.  of  1425. 

Porto  Seguro,  poR'to  si-goo'ro,  a  maritime  town  of 
Brazil,  state  of  Espirito  Santo,  lat.  15°  26'  S.,  on  tho 
Buraohen,  at  its  mouth  in  the  Atlantic.  It  has  several 
hospitals  and  schools  and  a  church,  and  is  defended  by  a 
fort. 

Porto  Tolle,  pon'to  tol'lA,  or  San  Niccolo,  sin 
liee^ko-lo',  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Rovigo,  on  the  Po,  a 
few  miles  from  the  sea.  Here  the  Po  dollo  Telle  leaves  the 
main  stream.    Pop.  5350. 

Porto  Torres,  poB'to  ton'rds  (anc.  Tur'rit  Lihytao'- 
iii«),  a  seaport  near  the  N.W.  angle  of  tho  island  of  Sar- 
dinia, 13  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Sassari.  It  abounds  in 
Iloinan  antiquities,  and  exports  many  cattle.     Pop.  2698. 

Porto  Vecchio,  pou'to  v6k'ke-o,  a  fortified  town  of 
the  island  of  Corsica,  on  its  E.  coast,  15  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Bonifacio.  Pop.  119G.  It  has  the  best  port  in  the  island. 
Porto  Venere,  poR'to  vfin'i-ri  (anc.  Ven'eria  Por'- 
tus),  a  town  and  port  of  Italy,  44  miles  S.E.  of  Genoa,  at 
the  S.  extremity  of  the  promontory  forming  the  W.  bound- 
ary of  the  Gulf  of  Spczia.  Pop.  3770.  It  ha«  a  small  port 
and  an  active  anchovy-fishery. 

Port  Pat'rick,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Wig- 
town, on  the  Irish  Channel,  6i  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of 
Stranraer.  It  derives  importance  from  being  the  nearest 
port  to  Ireland.  It  has  a  light-house.  Port  Patrick  was 
lon»  famous  as  the  "  ISretna  Green"  of  Ireland.  Pop.  2685. 
Port  Pegasus,  New  Zealand.  See  Pegasus. 
Port  Penn,  a  post-village  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  on 
the  Delaware  River,  about  18  miles  S.  of  Wilmington.  It 
has  several  stores  and  2  churches.  Many  peaches  are 
shipped  here.     Pop.  320, 

Port  Pen'rhyn,  a  township  of  North  Wales,  co.  of 
Carnarvon,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Ogwen  in  Menai  Strait. 
It  has  a  good  quay,  and  large  exports  of  slate  from  a  quarry 
employing  about  2000  mea.  Penrhyn  Castle  is  a  superb 
warble  castellated  edifice. 

Port  Per'ry,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on 
4he  Monongahela  River,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Washington 


(t  Baltiuiore  Railroad,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg.    It  hu  a 
church,  a  saw-uiill,  and  5  stores.     Pop.  in  18U0,  1031. 

Port  Per'ry,  a  post-village  in  Whitby  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Scugog  Lake,  at  the  N.  terminus  of  the  Whitby  A  Purl 
Perry  Uailway,  18  miles  N.of  Whitby.  It  has  3  churches 
2  branch  bunks,  a  number  of  stores,  several  hotels,  euw! 
and  grist-mills,  a  newspaper  oflico,  and  manufactories  uf 
agricultural  implements,  machinery,  steam-engines,  irun 
castings,  mill-gearing,  <tc.  Steamers  ply  between  here  and 
Lindsay.     Pop.  1500. 

Port  Phii'ip,  or  Great  Bridge,  a  village  in  Cum- 
berland CO.,  Nova  Sootia,  14  miles  from  River  Philip. 

Port  PhiI'lip,  a  bay  on  the  S.  coast  of  Australia,  in 
Victoria.  Lat.  of  Point  Nepean,  at  its  entrance,  38°  18' 
S. ;  Ion.  144°  42'  7"  E.  Length  and  breadth,  about  35 
milos  each.  A  light-house  has  been  erected  2  miles  wiibia 
its  entrance.  At  its  W.  side  is  an  inlet,  near  the  head  uf 
which  is  the  town  of  Geelong ;  and  on  its  N.  side  it  receives 
the  Yarra-Yarra  River,  on  the  banks  of  which  is  the  town 
of  Melbourne,  capital  of  the  colony  of  Victoria. 

Port  Piric,  pee'rec,  a  port  of  South  Australia,  on  the 
E.  side  of  Spencer  Gulf.    A  railway  extends  henue  east- 
ward 33  miles. 
Port  Plate,  Santo  Domingo.    Bee  Porto  Plata. 
Port  Praya,  Capo  Verd  Isles.    See  Pouto  Pkaya. 
Port  Pro  v'id  once,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Schuylkill  River,  1  mile  below  Phoeuixvillo.    It 
has  a  church  and  a  boat-yard. 
Portqiierolles,  France.    See  Porqhkkoi.lks. 
Port  Ualties,  Australia.    See  Raffles  Bay. 
Port'reath,  a  town  of  England,  in  Cornwall,  on  the 
Atlantic,  4  miles  N.  of  Redruth.     It  has  a  pier  and  basin. 
The  inlet  to  the  harbor  is  defended  by  batteries, 

Port'ree,  a  maritime  village  of  Scotland,  co,  of  In- 
verness, on  the  island  of  Skye.  Pop.  731.  It  stands  at  tho 
head  of  Loch  Portree,  and  is  capital  of  tho  Skye  group  of 
the  Ilobridcan  islands.  It  has  a  neat  church,  a  jail,  a 
branch  bank,  and  a  good  harbor. 

Port  IlepubMic,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calvert  co.,  Md., 
near  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  about  36  miles  S.  by  W.  of  An-  j 
napolis.     It  is  IJ  miles  from  a  steamboat-landing. 

Port  Republic,  a  post-village  of  Atlantic  co.,  N.J.,  on  i 
Nacoto  Creek,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Pomona  Station,  and  about  I 
13  milos  N.  by  W.  of  Atlantic  City.  It  has  a  church,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Port  llepublic,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co.,  J 
Va.,  on  the  South  Fork  of  the  Shenandoah  River,  at  the  j 
confluence  of  the  Middle  and  Soutli  Rivers,  about  20  miles  | 
E.N.E.  of  Staunton.    It  has  a  church.  i 

Port  Ilepublican,  Hayti.    See  Port-au-Puince.      j 
Port  Kich'mond,  a  hamlet  of  Wapello  co.,  Iowa,  on  j 
the  Des  Moines  River,  opposite  Ottumwa,  and  1  mile  from 
Ottumwa  Station.     Pop.  85. 

Port  Richmond,  a  post-village  in  Northfield  town- 
ship, Richmond  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Staten  Island, 
and  on  the  channel  called  Kill  van  Kull,  about  9  miles  S.W. 
of  New  York.  Steamboats  ply  hourly  between  this  place , 
and  New  York.  Hero  are  several  large  brick-kilns  and 
manufactories  of  white  lead  and  linseed  oil.  Port  Rich- 
mond has  6  churches.  Horse-cars  run  from  this  place  to 
West  Now  Brighton,  4  miles.     Pop,  in  1890,  6290. 

Port  Richmond,  a  post-office  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  is 
a  branch  of  the  Philadelphia  post-office,  and  is  on  the 
Delaware  River,  about  3  miles  N.E.  of  Independence  Hall. 
It  is  a  terminus  of  the  Reading  Railroad.  Large  quantities 
of  coal  are  shi])pod  here,  and  machine^  and  iron  ships  are 
here  constructed. 

Port  Richmond,  or  Richmond  Klines,  a  post- 
village  in  Richmond  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Gut  of  Cause, 
9i  miles  from  Port  Ilawkesbury.     Pop.  120. 

Port  Rob'inson,  a  post-village  of  Ontario,  co.  of 
Welland,  on  tho  Welland  Canal,  and  on  the  Welland  Rail 
way,  10  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Catharines.  It  contains  several 
stores,  hotels,  mills,  and  dry-docks.     Pop.  600. 

Port  Row'an,  a  post-village  and  port  of  entry  of 
Ontario,  co.  of  Norfolk,  on  Lake  Erie,  21  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Simcoe.     It  contains  2  churches  and  about  a  dozen  stores, ' 
and  has  a  large  trade  in  lumber  and  grain.     Pop.  900. 

Port  Roy'ai,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Ky.,  is  near 
the  Kentucky  River,  about  40  miles  N.E.  of  Louisville.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Port  Royal,  a  post-borough  in  Milford  township,  Ju- 
niata CO.,  Pa.,  on  tho  Juniata  River,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  at  the  mouth  of  Tuscarora  Creek,  14  miles  K.S.E. 
of  Lewistown,  and  47  miles  N.W.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  a 
bridge  across  the  river,  a  bank,  3  churches,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  in  1890,  519. 


POR 


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POR 


port  Royal,  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.    See  Fitz  IIexrt. 

Port  Koyal,  a  post-village  of  Beaufort  co.,  S.C.,  on  an 
island  near  Port  Royal  Entrance,  4  miles  S.  of  Beaufort. 
It  is  the  southeastern  terminus  of  the  Port  Royal  Railroad, 
which  extends  to  Augusta,  Ga.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  a 
church,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  &o.     Pop.  about  500. 

Port  Royal,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Tenn., 
on  Red  River,  about  10  miles  E.N.E,  of'Clarksville.  It  has 
2  churches. 

Port  Royal,  a  post-village  of  Caroline  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Rappahannock  River,  about  50  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Richmond. 
It  has  2  churches.  Grain  and  other  products  are  shipped 
here  in  steamboats.     Pop.  435. 

Port  Roy'al,  a  fortified  town  of  Jamaica,  co.  of  Sur- 
rey, at  the  extremity  of  a  long  sandy  tongue  of  land  which 
bounds  Kingston  Harbor  on  the  S.,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Kings- 
ton. Lat.  of  Fort  Charles,  17°  56'  N. ;  Ion.  76°  51'  W.  It 
has  a  royal  naval  dock-yard,  naval  hospital,  and  barracks. 

Port  Royal,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Lake  Erie,  at  the  mouth  of  Big  Creek,  23i  miles  S.S.AV.  of 
Siracoe.     Pop.  100. 

Port  Royal,  a  post-village  in  Richmond  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  9  miles  from  Arichat.     See  also  Annapolis. 

Port  Royal  Island,  South  Carolina,  is  a  part  of 
Beaufort  co.,  and  is  separated  from  the  mainland  by  Broad 
River,  which  here  enters  the  sea  through  a  channel  called 
Port  Royal  Entrance.  The  island  is  about  12  miles  long 
and  7  miles  wide.  The  town  of  Beaufort  is  situated  upon 
it.  Large  vessels  can  pass  through  Port  Iloyal  Entrance 
into  a  good  harbor  formed  by  the  mouth  of  Broad  River. 

Port  Royal  Sound,  on  the  coast  of  South  Carolina, 
lies  between  the  island  of  St.  Helena  on  the  N.  and  Hilton 
Ilcad  on  the  S.  It  is  connected  with  Broad  River,  and  re- 
ceives the  waters  of  the  Coosawhatohie. 

Port^rush',  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Antrim, 
near  the  Skerry  Islands,  5  miles  N.  of  Coleraine.  It  has  a 
well-protected  harbor.     Pop.  1196. 

Port  Ry'erse,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk  co.,  Ontario, 
on  Lake  Erie,  6  miles  S.  of  Simcoe.  It  contains  3  stores 
and  a  pottery,  and  has  a  large  trade  in  lumber  and  grain. 

Port  Said,  port  si-ecd',  a  seaport  town  of  Egypt,  at 
the  Mediterranean  entrance  of  the  buez  Canal,  30  miles  E. 
by  S.  of  Damietta.  Its  port  is  formed  by  immense  piers  of 
I  concrete  laid  in  the  sea,  and  it  has  commodious  docks  and 
i  basins  for  shipping.  Its  water-supply  comes  from  the  Nile. 
The  town  is  regularly  built,  exports  cotton  and  oil-seeds, 
and  is  a  coaling-station.  It  has  a  large  water  reservoir  and 
an  electric  light-house.     Pop.  in  1882,  16,560. 

Port-Sainte-Marie,  poR-s4.Nt-mi'ree',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Lot-et-Garonnc,  on  the  Garonne,  11  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Agen.     Pop.  1699. 

'     Port-Saint-Pere,  poR-s^N<>-paiR,  a  town  of  France, 
in  Loire-Inferieure,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Paimboeuf.    Pop.  1897. 

Port  San'ilac,  a  post-village  in  Sanilac  township, 
Sanilac  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Huron,  about  12  miles  N.E.  of 
I  Lexington,  and  30  miles  N.  of  Port  Huron.  It  has  a 
I  union  school,  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages 
'and  lumber. 

Port  Santa  Barbara,  sin'ti  baR'bl-ri,  a  natural 
harbor  on  the  W.  coast  of  Patagonia,  at  the  N.  end  of 
Campana  Island.     Lat.  48°  S. 

Port  Sarnia,  Ontario.     See  Point  Edward. 

Ports'down  Hill,  in  England,  co.  of  Hants,  extends 
along  the  coast  for  7  miles,  opposite  the  islands  of  Portsea 
and  Hayling  and  the  harbors  of  Langston  and  Portsmouth. 

Portsea,  port'see,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Hants,  on 
the  island  of  Portsea,  facing  Portsmouth  Harbor,  imme- 
diately N.  of  Portsmouth.  It  is  regularly  fortified  on  the 
fB.,  entered  by  2  gates,  and  comprises  some  good  thorough- 
Iferes,  3  chapels  of  ease,  numerous  dissenting  places  of  wor- 
'filiip,  the  engineering  depot  for  the  S.W.  of  England,  and 
Portsmouth  dock-yard,  which  occupies  more  than  one-third 
of  the  space  within  the  walls.  It  is  a  part  of  the  borough 
of  Portsmouth.  Poutsea  Island  (pop.  in  1891,  169,288) 
lies  between  Portsmouth  and  Langston  Harbors,  separated 
It  its  N.  extremity  from  the  mainland  by  a  narrow  channel 
crossed  by  railways.  Length  and  breadth,  4  miles  each.  All 
its  S.W.  half  is  occupied  by  the  towns  of  Portsmouth  and 
Portsea,  with  their  suburbs  ;  besides  which  it  contains  the 
lamlets  of  Fratton,  Milton,  Kingston,  and  Ililsea. 

Port  Seaton,  see't^n,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Haddington,  on  the  Firth  of  Forth,  2  miles  E.  of  Preston- 
)an3.    Pop.  166. 

Port  Sev'ern,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  on 
in  inlet  of  Georgian  Bay,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Orillia.    P.  130. 

Port  SheI'don,  a  hamlet  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich.,  on 
jake  Michigan,  about  12  miles  S.  of  Grand  Haven. 


Port  Sir  Francis  Drake.  See  Sir  Francis  Drake's 
Bay. 

Portsmonth,  ports'miith  (L.  Por'tus  Mag'mit),  a  sea- 
port town  and  the  principal  naval  station  of  England,  co. 
of  Hants,  at  the  S.AV.  extremity  of  Portsea  Island,  and  at 
the  entrance  to  its  famous  harbor,  22  miles  S.E.  of  South- 
ampton, and  95  miles  S.W.  of  London,  with  which  it  i» 
connected  by  3  railways.  Lat.  of  observatory,  50°  48'  N. ; 
Ion.  1°  16' W.  Pop.  in  1841,  53,027;  in  1891,  159,255. 
The  town,  which  is  the  most  perfect  fortress  in  Great 
Britain,  is  enclosed  by  bastioned  ramparts,  faced  with  ma- 
sonry, planted  with  elms,  surrounded  by  trenches  and  out- 
works, and  entered  by  4  carriage-ways.  Much  of  it  is  well 
built,  mostly  of  brick.  On  its  W.  side  is  an  insular  quarter, 
termed  the  "  Point,"  a  seat  of  very  active  traffic  in  time  of 
war;  and  in  this  quarter  are  extensive  fortifications. 

The  principal  public  buildings  are  the  parish  church, 
some  fine  chapels,  custom-house,  banks,  governor's  house, 
town  hall,  jail,  market-house,  marine  and  other  extensive 
barracks,  the  buildings  of  the  Philosophical  Society,  alms- 
houses, Green-row  Ball-rooms,  the  theatre,  workhouse,  <fcc. 
The  town  of  Portsea  is  separated  from  Portsmouth  by  tv 
creek,  and  enclosed  within  an  additional  line  of  fortifica- 
tions. Within  this  town  is  the  naval  dock-yard,  contain- 
ing basins,  wet-  and  dry-docks,  large  warehouses,  anchor 
forges,  iron-  and  copper-mills,  rope-houses,  and  every  de- 
partment necessary  in  the  construction  and  outfit  of  shipa 
of  war.  In  the^dock-yard  are  also  the  royal  naval  college, 
a  chapel,  and  the  residence  of  the  port-admiral;  upwards 
of  2000  workmen  are  employed  in  this  yard.  Between 
the  dock-yard  and  the  town  of  Portsmouth  is -the  gun- 
wharf  or  arsenal,  containing  an  armory,  extensive  artillery 
and  ammunition  depots,  and  good  quays.  E.  of  the  town- 
ramparts  and  outworks  are  Southsea  Common  and  the  sub- 
urb of  Southsea,  frequented  as  a  watering-place ;  on  tho 
shore  facing  Spithead  and  tho  Isle  of  Wight  are  Southsea 
Castle,  and  farther  E.  Cumberland  and  some  other  forts, 
which,  with  Blockhouse  and  Monkton  Forts,  on  tho  main- 
land towards  the  S.W.,  protect  Spithead  and  tho  approach 
to  the  harbor.  Besides  Portsea  and  Southsea,  the  large 
suburb  of  Landport,  which  extends  almost  to  the  centre  of 
Portsea  Island,  is  included  in  the  borough,  on  the  extreme 
limits  of  which  are  the  barracks  of  Tipner  and  Hilsea.  The 
public  institutions  comprise  a  free  grammar-school,  St. 
Paul's  Academy,  a  mechanics'  institution,  a  savings-bank, 
a  general  hospital,  and  a  female  penitentiary. 

Portsmouth  is  mentioned  in  the  Saxon  Chronicle  as  ex- 
isting in  501.  About  1250,  Henry  III.  assembled  a  large 
army  at  Portsmouth,  with  a  view  to  the  invasion  of  France; 
and  in  1377  a  counter-attempt  was  made  by  tho  Frencn, 
who,  though  defeated,  succeeded  in  burning  a  large  part  of 
the  town.  This  disaster  appears  to  have  shown  the  necessity 
of  fortifying  the  place;  and  the  works,  originally  com- 
menced by  Edward  IV.,  have  continued  to  be  improved 
and  extended  during  a  series  of  successive  reigns,  till  they 
have  become  all  but  impregnable. 

Portsmouth  Harbor,  an  inlet  of  the  English  Channel, 
W.  of  Portsea  Island,  about  4  miles  in  length  by  5  or  6 
miles  in  greatest  breadth.  At  its  entrance  it  is  only  220 
yards  across,  but  within  it  the  whole  British  navy  might 
ride  in  perfect  security.  It  contains  several  small  islands, 
and  on  its  shores,  besides  Portsmouth  and  Portsea,  are  Gos* 
port,  Fareham,  and  Portchester. 

Ports'mouth,  a  former  post-village  of  Bay  co.,  Mich., 
now  a  part  of  Bay  City,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Saginaw 
River,  and  on  the  Flint  &  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  2  milea 
S.  of  Bay  City  proper.  It  has  9  saw-mills,  salt-works,  and 
a  car-factory,  and  its  post-office,  under  the  former  name. 

Portsmouth,  a  township  of  Bay  co.,  Mich.    Pep.  491. 

Portsmouth,  a  city,  port  of  entry,  and  semi-capital 
of  Rockingham  co.,  N.H.,  54  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Boston, 
is  situated  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Piscataqua  River, 
about  3  miles  from  the  ocean,  and  at  the  terminus  of  tho 
Eastern,  Concord  <fe  Portsmouth,  Portsmouth  &,  Dover, 
and  Portland  <fc  Saco  Railroads.  Lat.  43°  4'  35"  N. ;  Ion. 
70°  45'  50"  AV.  This  city,  the  commercial  metropolis  and 
only  seaport  of  the  state,  is  built  on  a  beautiful  peninsula, 
formed  by  the  Piscataqua,  and  connected  by  bridges  with 
Kittery  in  Maine  and  with  Newcastle  on  Grand  Island. 
The  harbor,  which  lies  between  the  town  and  the  mouth  of 
the  river,  is  capacious,  deep,  easy  of  access,  and  much  fre- 
quented by  vessels  in  bad  weather;  480  have  been  counted 
here  at  one  time,  and  it  is  estimated  that  2000  could  easily 
find  convenient  anchorage.  The  formation  of  sand-bars  or 
ice  is  rendered  impossible  by  tho  rapid  tides,  which  have 
carried  every  earthy  substance  out  to  sea,  leaving  a  smooth 
rock  bottom,  with  a  depth  of  water  varying  from  35  to  7i 


FOB 


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POR 


(mU  The  principal  entranoe  i»  between  the  mainland  and 
tlie  E.  side  of  Qreat  lalund,  and  ia  defended  by  oartliworlcs 
on  QerrUti'i  Island  at  the  E.  aide  of  the  entrance,  and  on 
Jerry's  (or  Jaffrey's)  Point  on  the  W.  side,  2  stone  forts 
farther  up  the  harbor — Forts  Constitution  and  McClary — 
having  been  oondemned.  The  city  stands  on  a  gentle  ao- 
olivity  overlooking  the  harbor,  and  is  romarkablo  for  its 
healthy  atmosphere  and  fine  gardens.  Many  of  the  streets 
are  adorned  with  a  profusion  of  shade-trees.  The  principal 
nublio  buildings  are  the  athenasum,  custom-house,  city 
building,  music  hull,  and  Spring  market.  Besides  these, 
there  are  10  churches  some  of  which  are  elegant  structures. 
The  chief  object  of  interest,  however,  is  the  United  States 
navy-yard  at  Kittery,  on  an  island  near  the  E.  side  of  the 
river.  Among  other  things,  it  contains  3  immense  ship- 
houses  and  a  floating  balance-dock,  constructed  at  a  cost  of 
about  $800,000.  It  is  350  feet  by  105,  and  has  24  nump8, 
worked  by  2  stenm-enginos.  The  North  America,  the  first 
ship-of-the-line  launched  in  the  Western  Hemisphere,  was 
built  on  Badger's  Island,  in  this  harbor,  during  the  Revo- 
lution. The  literary  advantages  of  Portsmouth  are  highly 
respectable.  The  athenasum  has  a  library  of  about  10,000 
volumes  and  a  cabinet  of  curiosities.  The  schools  are  nu- 
merous and  well  conducted.  Two  daily  and  4  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.  One  of  these,  the  "  New 
IIami>sQire  Gazette,"  is  the  oldest  in  America,  having  been 
first  issued  in  1756.  Portsmouth  has  less  commerce  now 
than  formerly,  though  it  is  still  the  centre  pf  an  important 
trade,  both  foreign  and  coastwise. 

Manufacturing  is  not  very  extensively  carried  on.  Among 
the  most  important  corporations  may  be  mentioned  the 
Portsmouth  bteam  Factory,  giving  employment  to  about 
400  hands.  The  leading  articles  of  manufacture  are  cot- 
ton cloth,  hosiery,  iron  castings,  shoes,  <t;c.  The  city  is 
supplied  by  means  of  pipes  with  excellent  water  from  a 
fountain  in  the  suburbs.  It  contains  4  national  banks  and 
2  savings-banks.  Portsmouth  hivs  a  largo  amount  of  capital 
invested  in  railroads,  navigation,  manufactures,  &c.,  in 
other  places;  and  though  it  has  suffered  in  former  years 
from  disastrous  fires,  and  has  been  compelled  to  relinquish 
to  the  largercities  some  of  its  former  extensive  trade,  still 
it  has  steadily  increased  in  wealth.  Pop.  in  1850,  9739  ,* 
in  ISfiO,  9335;  in  1880,  9690;  in  1890,  9827. 

Portsmouth)  a  post-township  of  Carteret  co.,  N.C.,  is 
a  narrow  island  near  Ocrocoke  Inlet,  about  56  miles  £.  of 
New-Berne.  It  is  bounded  on  the  £.  by  the  ocean,  and  on 
the  W.  by  Pamlico  Sound.     Pop.  341. 

Portsmouth,  a  city  of  Ohio,  and  the  capital  of  Scioto 
CO.,  is  finely  situated  on  the  Ohio  Eiver,  just  above  the 
mouth  of  the  Scioto  River,  114  miles  above  Cincinnati,  100 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Columbus,  and  about  170  miles  below 
Parkersburg,  W.  Va.  It  is  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Ohio 
Canal,  of  the  Scioto  Valley  Railroad,  and  of  the  Portsmouth 
Branch  of  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad.  The  site 
of  Portsmouth  is  a  plain  of  moderate  extent,  partly  en- 
closed by  hills.  The  hills  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  Ohio 
River  are  about  500  feet  high.  It  contains  a  court-house, 
18  churches,  a  high  school,  a  seminary  for  young  ladies,  5 
national  banks,  with  an  aggregate  capital  of  $950,000,  and 
printing-ofiices  which  issue  4  weekly  newspapers.  It  has 
also  gas-works,  a  nail-factory,  2  rolling-mills,  3  iron-foun- 
dries, a  paper-mill,  and  manufactures  of  machinery,  engines 
and  boilers,  furniture,  soap,  and  stoves.  Iron  abounds  in 
the  vicinity,  and  is  one  of  the  principal  productions  of 
Scioto  CO.  Holly  water-works  supply  the  city  with  water 
from  the  Ohio  River.     Pop.  in  1890,  12,394. 

Portsmouth,  a  post-township  of  Newport  co.,  R.I.,  on 
Narragansett  Bay,  about  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Providence. 
It  comprises  the  northern  part  of  the  island  of  Aquidnock 
Of  Rhode  Island,  and  is  traversed  by  the  Old  Colony  Rail- 
road. It  has  4  churches,  and  has  manufactures  of  copper, 
iron,  and  steel,  and  coal-mines.     Pop.  1893. 

Portsmouth,  a  city  and  seaport  of  Norfolk  co.,  Ya., 
is  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Elizabeth  River,  about  1  mile 
S.W.  of  Norfolk,  and  150  miles  by  water  S.E.  of  Richmond. 
By  railroad  it  is  104  miles  from  Richmond.  It  is  the  E. 
terminus  of  the  Seaboard  &,  Roanoke  Railroad,  and  is  on  the 
Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad.  The  river,  which  is 
nearly  two-thirds  of  a  mile  wide,  forms  a  good  harbor, 
which  admits  vessels  of  the  largest  size.  Large  steamboats 
ply  daily  between  Baltimore  and  Portsmouth.  Its  site  is 
level,  and  elevated  only  a  few  feet  above  the  level  of  the 
sea.  The  streets  are  straight,  and  cross  one  another  at  right 
angles.  It  contains  a  naval  hospital,  13  churches,  2  banks, 
several  hotels,  2  academies,  12  public  and  about  40  private 
schools,  and  a  large  dry-dock.  A  daily  newspaper  is  pub- 
lished  here.    Ferry-boats  ply  frequently  between   Ports- 


mouth and  Norfolk.  In  the  adjivoent  suburb  of  Qosport  (• 
part  of  the  city)  is  a  Unite<l  States  navy-yard.  Poo  in 
1870,  10,492;  in  1880,  11,390;  in  1890,  i:),:i(i8. 

Portsmouth,  or  Prince  Uu'pcrt'H  Town,  a  town 
of  the  island  of  Dominica,  British  West  Indies,  on  Prino« 
Rupert's  Bay,  20  miles  N.  of  Roseau. 

Portsmouth,  an  incorporated  village  of  Ontario,  co. 
of  Frontenac,  on  Portsmouth  Bay,  2  miles  from  Kingston! 
It  contains  the  Provincial  Penitentiary  and  Roekwood 
Lunatic  Asylum,  also  a  tannery,  a  brewery,  a  flouring-mill 
2  marine  railways,  and  about  a  dozen  stores.     Pop.  1702. 

Portsmouth  Grove,a8Ution  and  stcamboat-lnnding 
of  Newport  co.,  R.I.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  7  miles  N. 
of  Newport. 

Port'soy,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Banff,  on 
the  W.  side  of  the  estuary  of  the  Durn,  6  miles  E.  of  CuU 
len.  It  is  the  terminus  of  a  branch  railway,  and  is  noted 
for  its  ornamental  stone,  called  Portsoy  marble,     P.  1822. 

Port  Stanley,  Falkland  Islands.    See  Stanlet. 

Port  Stan'iey,  a  post-village  and  port  of  entry  of 
Ontario,  co.  of  Elgin,  on  Lake  Erie,  at  the  S.  terminua  of 
the  London  <t  Port  Stanley  Railway,  24  miles  from  London. 
It  contains  several  churches,  stores,  and  hotels,  and  a  taw- 
mill,  grist-mill,  ttc.     Pop.  900. 

Port  Stephens,  stee'v^ns,  a  harbor  of  New  South 
Wales,  CO.  of  Gloucester,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Port  Hunter. 
Lat.  of  Baroinee  Point,  32°  40'  S.;  Ion.  152°  4'  E.  It  ex- 
tends 15  miles  inland,  and  receives  the  Karuah  River. 

Port  Stew'art,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Londonderry, 
4  miles  N.N.W.  of  Coleraine.     Pop.  612. 

Port  Sul'livan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Milam  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  Brazos  River,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Hearne.    It  has  a  church. 

Port-Sur-Saone,  poR-siin-son,  a  town  of  Franco,  in 
Haute-SaOne,  on  the  Sa6nc,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Vesoul. 

Ports'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  Bel.,  on  Broad 
Creek,  3i  miles  W.  of  Laurel  Station.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  150. 

Port  Tal'bot,  a  post-village  in  Elgin  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Lake  Erie,  14  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Thomas.    Pop.  100. 

Port  'robac'co,a  post-village,  capital  of  Charles  co., 
Md.,  is  ne.ar  the  estuary  of  the  Potomac,  about  28  miles  S. 
of  Washington,  D.C.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  church, 
and  a  newspaper  office.  It  is  2  miles  from  the  Baltimore 
&  Potomac  Railroad  (Port  Tobacco  Station).     Pop.  215. 

Port  Towns'end,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jefferson 
CO.,  Washington,  is  on  Puget  Sound,  near  the  Strait  of 
Juan  do  Fuca,  about  74  miles  in  a  direct  line  N.  of  Olym- 

?ia,  and  44  miles  N.W.  of  Seattle.  It  has  a  good  harbor, 
t  contains  2  daily  and  3  weekly  newspaper  ofiices,  several 
churches,  and  foundries  and  machine-shops.  Pop.  in  1880, 
917;  in  1890,  4558. 

Port  Trent,  Canada.    See  Trentoic. 

Port  Trev'orton,  a  post-village  of  Snyder  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Susquehanna  River,  about  40  miles  above  Harris- 
burg,  and  1  mile  from  Herndon  Station.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  lumber-mill. 

Portudal,  poRHU-dil',  a  French  village  of  Scncgam- 
bia,  on  the  Atlantic,  35  miles  S.E.  of  Cape  Verd.  It  ex- 
ports hides,  ivory,  and  gold-dust.     Pop.  1261. 

Portugal,  por'tu-gal  (Port,  and  Sp.  pron.poR-too-gM'; 
Qer.  pron.  poR'too-giP  ;  Fr.  pron.  poR'tii^gil';  anc.  Lniita'' 
Ilia),  a  kingdom  in  the  S.W.  of  Europe,  forming  the  W. 
part  of  the  Spanish  peninsula.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
and  N.  by  Spain,  and  on  the  W.  and  S.  by  the  Atlantic,  be- 
tween lat.  36°  55'  and  42°  7'  N.  and  Ion.  6°  15'  and  9°  30' 
W.  Its  shape  is  nearly  a  parallelogram.  Greatest  length, 
from  N.  to  S.,  345  miles;  greatest  breadth,  140  miles.  Its 
coast  is  occasionally  bold,  but  is  mostly  low  and  marshy. 
The  number  of  harbors,  large  and  small,  exceeds  20,  but 
the  only  ones  of  importance  are  those  of  Lisbon,  Oporto, 
Setubal,  Faro,  Figueira,  Aveiro,  and  Viana.  The  interior 
of  Portugal  is  generally  mountainous,  a  number  of  ranges 
stretching  across  the  country,  either  in  W.,  S.W.,  or  S.S.W. 
directions,  forming  a  succession  of  river-basins,  while  their 
ramifications,  penetrating  in  all  directions,  enclose  many 
wild  and  beautiful  valleys.  The  loftiest  range  is  the  Serra 
d'Estrella,  a  continuation  of  the  central  chain  which  stretches 
across  Spain  between  Old  and  New  Castile  and  between  Leon 
and  Estromadura.  Near  the  town  of  Guarda  it  forks,  one 
branch  proceeding  N.  and  another  S.E.,  while  the  main 
chain  attains  its  culminating  point  of  7524  feet  about  5 
miles  W.  of  the  town  of  Covilha.  In  the  N.W.  a  branch 
of  the  Spanish  Sierra  Mamed,  taking  the  name  of  Pena- 
gaehe,  enters  Portugal,  and  attains  one  of  the  loftiest 
heights  of  the  kingdom  in  Mount  Gavieira.  The  principal 
plains  are  those  of  Almeida  and  the  Terra  de  Braganza,  the 
former  in  the  province  of  Beira  Alta  and  the  latter  in  that 


POR 


2209 


POR 


of  Tras  os  Montes.  The  chief  valleys  are  those  of  Chaves, 
Villarica,  and  Besteiros.  Granite  generally  forms  the  nu- 
cleus of  the  mountains,  overlaid  in  the  N.  by  micaceous 
schist  and  other  azoic  rocks.  In  the  S.  limestone  is  abun- 
dant. Volcanic  formations  are  very  apparent  in  the  Serra 
de  Caldeirao.  The  mineralogical  treasures  include  argen- 
tiferous lead,  iron,  copper,  cobalt,  bismuth,  antimony,  fine 
marble,  slate,  salt,  saltpetre,  lithographic  stones,  millstones, 
and  porcelain-earth.  Some  gold  also  is  washed  from  the 
sands ;  and  many  valuable  pebbles  and  rock-crystals  are 
found  in  different  places. 

Few  countries,  in  proportion  to  their  extent,  are  better 
supplied  with  large  and  navigable  streams.     The  Minho,  in 
the  N.,  forming,  in  the  lower  part  of  its  course,  the  bound- 
ary between  Portugal  and  Spain ;  the  Douro,  first  skirting 
the  E.  frontier  in  a  S.AV.  direction,  and  then  pursuing  its 
course  W.  to  the  ocean  at  Oporto;  the  Tagus,  flowing  in  a  gen- 
eral S.W.  direction;  and  the  GuadLana,  all  enter  the  country 
from  Spain.    The  latter  river,  in  the  lower  part  of  its  course, 
flows  nearly  S.,  and  for  some  distance  from  its  mouth  forms 
the  boundary  between  Portugal  and  Spain.     The  Vouga, 
Mondego,  and  Sabor  have  their  course  wholly  in  Portugal. 
I    The  climate  is  greatly  modified  by  the  proximity  of  the 
sea  and  the  height  of  the  mountains.     In  general,  however, 
the  winter  is  short  and  mild,  and  in  some  places  never  com- 
pletely interrupts  the  course  of  vegetation.     Early  in  Feb- 
ruary the  vegetation  is  in  full  vigor ;  the  plants  shoot  forth, 
rapidly  attain  maturity,  and,  if  not  harvested,  wither  away. 
During  the  month  of  July  the  heat  is  often  extreme,  and, 
rain  seldom  falling,  the  whole  country,  particularly  along 
the  coast,  assumes  a  very  parched  appearance.    In  Septem- 
ber, the  sky,  which  had  been  previously  serene,  becomes 
overcast,  and  copious  showers  descend.     The  second  spring 
now  begins,  and  the  fields  again  become  covered  with  flowers 
and  verdure.     AVinter  usually  sets  in  about  the  end  of  No- 
vember.   The  climate  is  in  general  healthy,  especially  in 
the  elevated  coast-regions  and  on  the  plateaus  of  the  inte- 
rior.   From  October  to  April  deluges  of  rain  continue  to 
fall,  and  violent  hurricanes  and  thunderstorms  are  not  un- 
frequent.    Shocks  of  earthquake,  too,  are  sometimes  felt, 
particularly  in  the  vicinity  of  the  metropolis. 
There  are  few  countries  possessing  a  more  varied  flora  than 
I  that  of  Portugal.     Many  of  the  mountains  are  covered  with 
[  fine  forests,  among  which  the  ordinary  oak  and  the  cork- 
I  tree  are  conspicuous.     In  the  central  provinces  magnificent 
chestnut-trees  abound,  and  in  the  S.  both  the  date  and  tiie 
American  aloe   thrive.      Fruits  of  excellent  quality   are 
i  common  in  every  quarter,  and  in  the  warmer  districts  the 
ii  orange,  lemon,  and  olive  are  cultivated  on  an  extensive 
I  scale.    The  mulberry  yields  a  considerable  quantity  of  silk. 
But  the  most  important  branch  of  industry  is  the  cultiva- 
tion of  the  vine.     The  well-known  port  wines,  the  produce 
I  of  the  vineyards  watered  by  the  upper  Douro,  form  the 
I  staple  export.     The  olive  thrives,  but  the  oil  is  of  inferior 
ji  quality.     Agriculture  is  at  a  very  low  ebb,  and  Portugal 
fails,  in  ordinary  years,  to  raise  cereals  in  sufficient  quan- 
■  tity  to  meet  its  own  consumption.     Wheat,  barley,  oats, 
flax,  and  hemp  are  cultivated  in  the  elevated  tracts,  and 
rice  in  the  lowlands. 

The  manufactures  of  Portugal  are  becoming  important 
'in  many  of  the  large  towns,  and  almost  every  family  sup- 

i plies  itself  with  the  articles  of  primary  necessity.     Among 
the  manufactures   produced    for   sale  may  be  mentioned 
arms,  woollen  cloth,  porcelain,  earthenware,  prints,  lace, 
cotton  twist,  silks,  copper-  and  tin-ware,  corks,  ribbons, 
lemhroidery,  hats,  confectionery,  fine  soap,  jewelry,  glass, 
I'paper,  wicker-work,  and   tobacco.     Ship-building  also  is 
■well  understood,  and  a  large  number  of  vessels  are  con- 
tstrueted  at  Lisbon,  Figueira,  Oporto,  and  Villa  do  Conde. 
t    The  length  of  sea-coast,  with  the  harbors  found  upon  it, 
:iind  the  navigable  rivers,  furnish  great  facilities  for  com- 
tmerce,  and  railways  connect  the  principal  cities  with  the 
sapital  or  with  the  commercial  centres  of  Spain.     Foreign 
l^mmerco  is  a  leading  interest.     The  principal  exports  are 
[ffine,  brandy,  vinegar,  salt,  oil,  pork,  fruit  (particularly 
rJhestnuts,  walnuts,  almonds,  olives,  oranges,  and  lemons), 
iilk,  wool,  cork,  sumach,  kermes,  leeches,  bones,  glass,  and 
>orcelain.     The  principal  imports  are  wheat,  rye,  barley, 
md  maize,  foreign  timber,  salt  provisions  (particularly  cod), 
colonial  produce,  woollen,  cotton,  linen,  and  silk  tissues, 
ron,  steel,  and  various  other  metals,  coal,  tar  and  pitch, 
lyes,  and  drugs.     The  principal  commercial  ports  are  Lis- 
lon  (the  capital),  Oporto,  Setubal,  Faro,  Figueira,  and  Viana. 
n  1886  there  were  950  miles  of  railroad  in  operation. 
Dhniions,  Colonies,  Population,  &e. — Portugal  is  divided 
ato  6  provinces,  subdivided  into  17  districts,  and  these 
gain  into  121  comarcas. 


Area  and  Population  of  Portugal,  including  its  Foreign 
Poisessiona,  by  Official  Estimate  of  1881. 


Provinces. 


Alemtejo 

Algarve 

13eira 

Estreniadura.... 

Minho. 

Tras-08-Monte». 

Total 


Area  In  sq. 


9,416 

1,872 
9,244 
6,872 
2.807 
4,289 


34,500 


Pop. In  1881. 


367,169 

204,037 
1,377,432 

940,472 
1,014,768 

396,676 


4,306,554 


The  Azores  and  Madeira  are  generally  regarded  as  parti 
of  the  kingdom  proper,  and  their  population  for  1881 
added  makes  a  total  of  4,708,178. 


Colonies. 


Madeira  and  Azores — 

Madeira  and  Porto  Santo — Funchal 

Azores „ 

Africa — 

Cape  Verd  Islands 

Guinea,  BissSo,  &c 

Islands  of  St.  Tliomas,  Prince's  Island,  &c. 

Angola,  Bonguela,  and  dependencies 

Mozambique,  aud  dependencies 

Asia — 

India — Goa,  Bardez,  and  Salsette 

Daraauu 

Diu 

Oceaxica  and  China— 

Macao „ 

Timor,  &c 


Area  in 
sq.  m. 


336 
1,152 

1,656 

36,000 

456 

204,000 

288,000 

1,452 
84 
12 

12 

27,504 


Pop.  in 
1875. 


121,753 
261,746 

90,704 

9,282 

35,414 

2,000,OOC 

350,00C 

392,234 
38,485 
13,898 

71,834 
250,00C 


The  population  of  the  colonies  for  1881  was  3,331,762. 

The  government  is  an  hereditary  constitutional  monarchy. 
The  legislative  power  is  vested  jointly  in  the  sovereign  and 
an  upper  and  a  lower  chamber.  Both  chambers  meet  and 
dissolve  at  regular  periods  without  the  intervention  of  the 
crown,  and  when  both  are  agreed  as  to  any  enactment 
are  not  subject  to  its  veto.  A  court  of  appeal,  with  exten- 
sive jurisdiction,  sits  at  Oporto,  and  a  supreme  court, 
with  jurisdiction  over  the  whole  kingdom,  at  Lisbon.  The 
established  religion  is  the  Roman  Catholic,  which  is  com- 
pletely in  the  ascendant.  Protestantism  being  almost  un- 
known. Ecclesiastical  affairs  are  administered  by  a  patri- 
arch at  Lisbon,  2  archbishops,  and  14  bishops. 

Education  in  Portugal  is  in  a  very  low  state.  There  are 
elementary,  normal,  secondary,  superior,  and  special  schools, 
and  a  university  at  Coimbra,  with  faculties  of  theology, 
law,  medicine,  mathematics,  and  philosophy. 

The  language  of  the  Portuguese  is  closely  allied  to  the 
Spanish.  Its  powers  have  not  been  much  tested,  but  in  the 
Lusiad  of  Camoens  it  has  proved  itself  not  unequal  to  epio 
poetry  of  a  high  order. 

History. — Portugal  forms  the  far  larger  part  of  the  ancient 
province  of  Lusitania.  Phoenician  and  Grecian  colonies 
appear  to  have  been  planted  on  its  coasts  at  a  very  early 
period,  and  the  Carthaginians  subsequently  formed  several 
establishments.  About  200  B.C.  the  Romans  became  sole 
masters,  and  continued  in  possession  for  nearly  six  cen- 
turies, during  which  they  completely  changed  the  habits 
of  the  natives,  introduced  their  own  language,  and  executed 
numerous  works,  the  ruins  of  many  of  which  still  remain. 
In  the  fifth  century  the  Suevi,  Vandals,  and  Visigoths  be- 
came possessors.  In  the  beginning  of  the  eighth  century 
Portugal  shared  the  fate  of  Spain,  and  was  overrun  by  the 
Moors.  The  former  inhabitants,  descendants  of  the  north- 
ern invaders,  retired  to  the  more  inaccessible  districts,  and 
succeeded  in  maintaining  their  independence.  After  a 
long  struggle,  during  which  many  battles  were  fought,  they 
regained  the  ascendant,  and  the  Portuguese  monarchy  was 
formally  established  by  the  Cortes  at  Lamego  in  1143.  In 
1385  a  new  dynasty  was  founded  under  John  I.  With  him 
commenced  the  long  series  of  maritime  discoveries  which 
ultimately  placed  Portugal  at  the  head  of  a  great  colonial 
empire.  The  spirit  of  enterprise  became  a  kind  of  national 
passion,  and  the  expeditions  fitted  out  were  crowned  with 
brilliant  success.  In  1418  Madeira  was  discovered;  in 
1432  the  Azores ;  and  in  1486,  after  a  succession  of  adven- 
turers had  explored  the  greater  part  of  the  W.  coast  of 
Africa,  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope  was  beheld  by  Bartholomew 
Diaz.  Vasco  da  Gama,  following  in  the  same  track,  was 
still  more  successful.  In  1497  ho  doubled  the  cape,  and, 
continuing  his  course  E.,  reached  the  shores  of  Malabar. 
A  still  more  fortunate  discovery  was  made  in  1500  by  Pedro 


POR 


2210 


PCS 


Alvarei  Cabrul,  who  was  driven  by  a  8torm  to  Uio  coast  of 
Braxil,  and  thus  led  to  tba  formation  of  a  sottloiiiont  which 
has  since  grown  up  to  be  an  independent  oinpiro.  After 
thestt  discoveries,  and  tba  treonures  obtained  from  thcin, 
had  raised  Portugal  to  the  highest  pitch  of  prosperity,  a 
disputed  succession  brought  it  to  tho  rorgo  of  ruin,  and 
subjected  it  to  tho  thraldom  of  a  hated  foreign  yoke  under 
Philip  II.,  King  of  Spain.  This  usurnatiun,  after  lasting 
for  60  years,  was  terminated  in  164U,  by  a  general  rising, 
headed  by  the  Duke  of  Uraganza,  who,  on  the  expulsion 
of  the  Spaniards,  ascended  the  throno  under  the  name 
of  John  IV.  On  the  invasion  of  the  French  in  1807,  the 
royal  family  went  to  Brazil.  From  1827  to  1833  tho  throne 
'  was  usurped  by  Don  Miguel;  in  1S36  several  changes  were 
introduced,  and  the  existing  constitution  was  esttiDlished. 
The  erection  of  Brazil  into  an  independent  empire  in  1826 
robbed  Portugal  of  the  richest  jewel  of  her  crown,  leaving 

her  scarcely  a  show  of  her  former  colonial  greatness. 

Adj.  and  inhab.  Portuouesb  (Port,  Portuouez,  poii-too- 
gis':  Sp.  PoRTuacES,  poR-too-ghfls' ;  Fr.  Portugais,  pOR^- 
tii^i' ;  Qer.  Portdoiesisch,  poR-too-ghee'zish). 

Portugal  CovOf  a  post-village  of  Newfoundland,  on 
Concepticm  Hay,  9i  miles  W.  of  St.  John's.     Pop.  650. 

Portugalete,  poR-too-gi-li't4,  a  town  and  river-port 
of  Spain,  province  of  Biscay,  7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bilbao,  on 
the  Nerva,  near  its  entrance  into  the  Mediterranean.  Pop. 
1194.     It  has  several  batteries  for  the  defence  of  the  port. 

Portiiguee,  por'tu-ghee,  a  post-oflSce  of  Shasta  oo.,  Cal. 

Portuguesa,  poR-too-gi'sd,  a  river  of  Venezuela,  after 
a  S.S.E.  course  of  at  least  200  miles,  joins  the  Apure  at  San 
Fernando.  Its  principal  affluents  are  the  Cojedes,  Guana- 
rito,  and  Guanaparo, 

Purtugaesa,  or  Portngueza,  a  former  state  of 
Venezuela,  in  the  N.W.  central  j)ortion  of  that  republic. 
It  has  !in  area  of  6815  square  miles,  and  now  forius  a  sec- 
tion of  the  state  of  Zamoa.     Its  capital  was  Guanare. 

Portnm'na,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  Connaught,  co.  of 
Qalway,  17  miles  E.S.E.  of  Loughrea.     Pop.  1843. 

Port  Un'derwood,  a  commodious  harbor  on  the  E. 
side  of  South  Island,  New  Zealand,  15  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Blenheim,  of  which  it  serves  as  the  port  for  large  vessels. 

Port  IJ'nion,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co.,  0.,  in  Union 
township,  15  miles  N.  of  Cincinnati.     It  has  a  church. 

Port  U'liioD)  a  post-village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario, 
on  Lake  Ontario,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  lej 
miles  E.  of  Toronto,     Pop.  100. 

Portiis  Augusti,  the  ancient  name  of  FiUMicmo. 

Portus  Brundnlus,  Italy.     See  Pouto  di  Broxdolo. 

Portus  Cale,  or  Portus  Calcnsis.    See  Oporto. 

Portus  Domitianus.    See  Porto  Sax  Stefano. 

Portus  £rycis,  an  ancient  name  of  Lerici. 

Portus  Gratise,  the  ancient  name  of  Havre. 

Portus  Liburni,  or  Portus  Herculis  Liburni. 
See  Leghorx. 

Portus  LonguS)  the  ancient  name  of  Porto  Loxgone. 

Portus  Magnus,  the  Latin  name  of  Portsmouth. 

Portus  Magonis,  an  ancient  name  of  Port  Mahox. 

Portus  Monoeci,  or  Portus  Herculis  Mona>ci. 
Sec  MoxACX). 

Portus  Salutis,  Scotland.     See  Cromartv  Firth. 

Port  Vendres,  poR  v6xd'r  (anc.  Pur'tns  et  Fa'num 
Ven'eris),  a  town  of  France,  in  PyrfinSes-Orientales,  on  the 
Mediterranean,  19  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Perpignan.  Pop. 
1910.  Its  port,  protected  by  forts  and  redoubts,  is  the  only 
place  between  Marseilles  and  Spain  adapted  for  a  harbor 
of  refuge.     It  has  manufactures  of  renowned  wine. 

Port'ville,  a  post-village  in  Portville  township,  Catta- 
raugus CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the  Buf- 
falo, New  York  A  Philadelphia  Railroad,  76  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Buffalo,  and  7  miles  S.E.  of  Olean.  It  contains  2  churches, 
saw-mills,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2339. 

Port  Vin'cent,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Livingston 
parish,  La.,  is  on  the  Amite  River,  100  miles  N.W.  of  New 
Orleans.  It  has  a  newspaper  office.  Steamboats  run  from 
this  place  to  New  Orleans. 

Port  Wake'field,  a  seaport  of  South  Australia,  on  St. 
Vincent's  Gulf,  60  miles  N.N.W.  of  Adelaide.  It  is  the 
terminus  of  railways. 

Port  Wal'thall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chesterfield  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Appomattox  River,  6  miles  below  Petersburg.  It 
formerly  was  the  terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  Richmond  & 
Petersburg  Railroad. 

Port  Wash'ington,  a  station  in  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  1  mile 
from  Washington. 

Port  Washington,  a  post-village  in  North  Ilemp- 
iteod  township,  Queens  co.,  N.  Y.,  on  Manhasset  Bay  (a  part 


of  Long  Island  Sound),  5  miles  from  Roslyn  Station,  and 
about  IS  miles  K.N.K.  of  New  York. 

Port  Washington,  a  post-village  in  Salcm  township, 
TuHcarawas  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Tuscarawas  River  and  the 
Ohio  Canal,  112  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Cleveland.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  graded  school,  and  an  iron-furnace. 

Port  Washington,  a  city,  capital  of  Ozaukee  oo., 
Wis.,  in  Port  Washington  township,  on  Lake  .Micliignn, 
and  on  the  Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore  &,  Western  Kailroad 
25  miles  N.  of  Milwaukee.  It  has  5  churohes,  ,'i  nuwmpitiior 
offices,  a  bank,  2  iron-foundries,  Ac.     Pop.  in  ISyo,  ltlj9. 

Port  WilMiam,  a  post-village  in  Liberty  township, 
Clinton  co.,  0.,  on  Caosar's  Creek,  or  Andernon  Fork,  8 
miles  N.  of  Wilmington,  and  obout  62  miles  N.E.  of  Cin- 
oinnati.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  woollen-factory, 
and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  184. 

Port  Williams,  Kansas.    Sec  Oak  MlI.I«^. 

Port  Wil'linms,  a  post-villnge  in  Kings  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  Cornwallis  River,  1  mile  from  Port  Williams 
Station.  It  contains  6  stores,  a  hotel,  and  a  tannery.  Pop. 
300.    See  also  Marshall's  Covb. 

Port  Williams  Station,  or  Greenwich,  a  post- 
village  in  Kings  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Western  Counties 
Railway,  20  miles  from  Windsor.     Pop.  150. 

Port  Wine,  a  post-village  of  Sierra  co.,  Cal.,  about  60 
miles  N.E.  of  Marysville.     Gold  is  found  here. 

Posadas,  po-s4'Da.s,  a  town  of  Spain,  19  miles  AV.S.W. 
of  Cordova,  on  the  Guadalquivir.     Pop.  2975. 

Poscharewatz,  a  town  of  Servia.     See  Passarowitz. 

Poschegon,  i)o-sh?h-gon',  written  also  Posche* 
khon  and  Poschechonjc,  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment and  69  miles  N.W.  of  Yaroslav.     Pop.  3951. 

Poschiavo,  pos-ke-i'vo  (Oer.  PuscUuif,  pOosh'liv),  a 
town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Grisons,  on  the  Italian  side 
of  tho  Alps,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Bormio,  in  tho  Valtcllina 
Pop.  2893.     See  also  Lake  ok  Poschiavo. 

Poscga,  or  Poschcga,  po-shi'gi,  written  also  Po- 
xega,  a  town  of  Slavonia,  on  the  Orlyava,  16  miles  E.N.B 
of  Neu-Gradiska.     Pop.  2962. 

Poscn,  po'zQn,  or  Poznan,  poz'nin  (L.  Pos'nn),  » 
fortified  city  of  Prussia,  capital  of  the  province  of  Posen 
on  the  Warta,  at  a  terminus  of  several  railways,  lUO  milei 
E.  of  Frankfort-on-the-Oder.  Pop.  69,627,  exclusive  of 
Jersitz.  It  is  walled,  and  entered  by  4  gates,  and  has  a 
citadel  on  an  adjacent  height.  It  has  a  cathedral,  23  Uoman 
Catholic  and  2  Protestant  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
tobacco  and  leather.     It  was  the  capital  of  ancient  i'oland. 

Posen  (L.  Potna'nla),  a  province  of  Prussia,  included 
in  what  is  termed  Prussian  Poland,  and  lying  mostly  be- 
tween lat.  51°  30'  and  53°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  15°  30'  and  n" 
E.,  having  E.Russian  Poland,  and  N.  Prussia.  Area,  11,178 
square  miles.  Pop.  (mostly  Poles)  in  1890,  1,751,642,  of 
whom  two-thirds  are  Roman  Catholics.  It  comprises  the 
two  governments  of  Posen  and  Bromberg. 

Posen,  po'z^n,  a  post-township  of  Presque  Isle  co., 
Mich.,  about  40  miles  from  Otsego  Lake  Station.  It  was 
settled  by  Poles.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Posey,  po'ze,  a  county  forming  the  S.W.  extremity  of 
Indiana,  has  an  area  of  about  398  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the 
Wabash.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  undulating  up- 
lands and  wide  level  river-bottoms,  which  are  partly  sub- 
ject to  inundation.  Forests  cover  a  large  part  of  the  area. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  gr.ass,  cattle,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  Coal  is  said  to  be  found  in 
this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Evansville  A  Terre 
Haute,  Louisville  A  Nashville,  and  Peoria,  Decatur  A 
Evansville  Railroads.  Capital,  Mount  Vernon.  Pop.  in 
1870,  19,185;  in  1880,  20,857;  in  1890,  21,529. 

Posey,  a  township  of  Clay  co.,  Ind.  P.  2132.  It  con- 
tains Cloverland,  Newburg,  Staunton,  and  Williamstown. 

Posey,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  947.  It 
contains  Bentonville. 

Posey,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  974. 

Posey,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  177C 
It  contains  Elizabeth,  Salina,  and  Bridgeport. 

Posey,  a  township  of  Rush  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1763.  It 
contains  Arlington. 

Posey,  a  township  of  Switzerland  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  2183. 
It  is  the  southeasternmost  township  of  tho  state. 

Posey,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1349. 
It  contains  Hardinsburg  and  Fredericksburg. 

Poseyville,  po'ze-vll,  a  post-village  in  llobb  township, 
Posey  CO.,  Ind.,  about  18  miles  N.W.  of  Evansville.  It  hu 
several  stores,  a  graded  school,  and  2  churches.     Pop.  213. 

Posgam',  a  town  of  Toorkistan,  16  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Yarkand.     Pop.  about  8000, 


\* 


POS 


2211 


POT 


Posidonia,  an  ancient  name  of  Pesto. 

Posilippo,  po-se-lip'po  (anc.  Pausili/pum),  a  hill  of 
Italy,  immediately  adjoining  the  city  of  Naples  on  the  AV., 
and  through  which  extends  a  tunnel,  "  the  Grotto  of  Po- 
gilippo,"  2316  feet  in  length,  22  feet  in  breadth,  and  89  feet 
in  height,  and  of  very  remote  antiquity. 

Posna,  the  Latin  name  of  Posen. 

Posna'nia  (Fr.  Posnanie,  pos^nS,^nee'),  the  region  now 
forming  the  Prussian  province  of  Posen. 

Po'so,  a  station  in  Kern  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Southern  Pa- 
cific Railroad,  87  miles  S.S.E.  of  Fresno  City. 

Posonium,  or  Posony,  Hungary.    See  PnESBaRO. 

Possagno,  po3-sS,n'yo,  a  village  of  Italy,  23  miles 
N.W.  of  Trcviso.     Pop.  1688. 

Posseiitina)  an  island  of  Italy.     See  Bisentixa. 

Pos'siet'  (or  Possiette,  pos-se-et')  Bay^  a  large  in- 
let of  Asiatic  Russia,  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  Sea  of  Japan, 
17  miles  N.  of  the  N.E.  angle  of  Corea.  On  it  is  the  town 
of  Novgorodski. 

Possneck,  pos'nSk,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Saxe- 
Meiningen,  11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Saalfeld,  on  an  aiHuent  of 
theOrla.     Pop.  6212. 

Post,  a  township  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  819, 
exclusive  of  Postville. 

Post  Boy,  a  station  in  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Marietta,  Pittsburg  &  Cleveland  Railroad,  18  miles  N.  of 
Cambridge. 

Post  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Chemung  oo.,  N.Y. 

Poste  des  Grais,  post  di  gri,  a  post-village  in  St. 
Maurice  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  St.  Maurice,  17  miles 
N.W.  of  Three  Rivers.     Pop.  200. 

Postelberg,  pos't§l-b4RG\  a  town  of  Bohemia,  8  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Saatz,  on  the  Eger.     Pop.  2566. 

Postiglione,  pos-teel-yo'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Salerno,  27  miles  S.E.  of  Salerno.     Pop.  .3291. 

Post  Mill  Vil'lage,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co.,  Vt., 
in  Thetford  township,  6  miles  W.  of  Ely  Station.  It  has  a 
church,  and  manufactures  of  furniture,  lumber,  and  shoes. 

Post  Oak,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  2631. 

Post  Oak,  a  hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  Mo.,  69  miles 
W.N.AV.  of  St.  Louis.     It  has  2  churches. 

Post  Oak,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Tex. 

Post  Oak  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lavaca  co.,  Tex., 
24  miles  S.  of  Schulenburg. 

Post  Oak  Island,  a  post-office  of  Williamson  co.,  Tex. 

Post  Oak  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Roane  co.,  Tenn. 

Pos'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ripley  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
&  Mississippi  Railroad,  66  miles  W.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has 
a  church. 

Post's,  a  station  in  Washington  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  St. 
Paul  &  Taylor's  Falls  Railroad,  3  miles  E.  of  St.  Paul. 

Post  Town,  Butlor  CO.,  0.    See  Poast  Town. 

Post'ville,  a  post- village  in  Post  township,  Allamakee 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad, 
at  its  juBction  with  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern 
Railroad,  26  miles  W.  by  N.  of  McGregor,  and  about  70 
miles  N.W.  of  Dubuque.  It  has  a  bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  high  school,  and  5  churches.     Pop.  712. 

Postville,  a  post-office  of  Platte  co..  Neb. 

Postville,  a  village  of  Green  co.,  AVis.,  in  York  town- 
ship, 18  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Monroe.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  cheese-factory.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Stewart. 

Postville,  Ontario.     See  Tuapalgau. 

Potai-mat,  French  Cochin  China.     See  Cancao. 

Pota'to  Creek,  Georgia,  rises  in  Pike  co.,  runs  nearly 
iouthwestward  through  Upson  co.,  and  enters  Flint  River 
about  8  miles  S.  of  Thomaston. 

Potato  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sugar  Creek  township, 
Montgomery  co.,  Ind.,  about  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Lafayette. 
It  has  a  church  and  an  academj'. 

Potchefstrom,  po'chef-strOm,  or  Mooi  (moo'ee) 
River  Dorp,  a  town  of  Cape  Colony,  Africa,  in  the 
Transvaal.     Lat.  26°  32'  N. ;  Ion.  27°  35'  E. 

Potchinki,  or  Potschinki,  po-chin'kee,  written  also 
Poczinka,  po-chin'ki,  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  120  miles  S.S.E.  of  Nizhnee-Novgorod,  on  an  affluent  of 
the  Alateer.     Pop.  7224. 

Poteau,  poHo',  a  post-office  of  Scott  co..  Ark. 

Poteau  River  rises  in  Scott  co..  Ark.,  and  runs  west- 
ward into  the  Indian  Territory.  It  finally  runs  northward, 
and  enters  the  Arkansas  River  about  3  miles  above  Fort 
Smith.     It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Poteca'si,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northampton  co.,  N.C., 
about  100  miles  E.N.E.  of  Raleigh.     It  has  a  church. 

Potengi,  po-t3n-zhee',  or  Potingi,  po-teen-zheo', 
often  improperly  called  Rio  Grande,  ree'o  grin'di,  a 
river  of  Brazil,  rises  ia  the  Serra  Borborema,  flows  in  a 


N.E.  direction,  and  falls  into  the  sea  about  22  miles  S.  o£ 
Cape  St.  Roque.     Coasting- vessels  get  up  to  near  Natal. 

Potenza,  po-tdn'zi  (anc.  Pulen'tiu),  a  fortified  town 
of  Italy,  capital  of  Basilicata,  on  the  E.  declivity  of  the 
Apennines,  57  miles  E.S.E.  of  Salerno.  Pop.  18,513.  It 
has  a  fine  cathedral  of  Doric  architecture,  6  convents,  a 
royal  college,  an  episcopal  seminary,  2  hospitals,  and  manu- 
factures of  serge,  woollen  cloth,  coarse  cotton  goods,  leather, 
and  earthenware.     See  also  Basilicata. 

Potenza,  a  small  river  of  Italy,  rises  in  Monte  Pen- 
nino,  flows  E.N.E.  about  50  miles,  and  enters  the  Adriatic 
2J  miles  E.S.E.  of  Loreto. 

Potenza  Picena,  po-tSn'zi,  pe-chi'nS.,  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  of  Macerata,  on  the  Adriatic,  near  the 
mouth  of  the  Potenza.     Pop.  of  commune,  6763. 

Potherie,  poUi'ree',  a  village  of  France,  in  Maine-et- 
Loire,  6  miles  N.  of  Conde.     Pop.  2067. 

Poti,  or  Pothi,  po'tee,  a  seaport  of  Russia,  in  Trans- 
caucasia, government  of  Kootais,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the 
Phasis,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Black  Sea.  It  is  a  military 
post  of  importance,  and  has  an  export  trade  in  wine,  honey, 
wax,  wool,  silk,  and  skins.  It  is  connected  by  railway  with 
Tiflis.     Pop.  3026. 

Poti,  po-tee',  or  Caratuez,  kS.-ri-too-5s',  a  river  of 
Brazil,  in  Piauhy,  flows  S.W.  and  N.W.,  and  joins  the  Par- 
nahiba.     Length,  200  miles. 

Poti,  Poty,  po-tee',  or  Puti,  poo-tee',  a  town  of 
Brazil,  in  Piauhy,  l20  miles  N.  of  Oeiras,  on  the  Parnahiba, 
at  the  junction  of  the  river  Poty. 

Potingi,  a  river  of  Brazil.    See  Potengi. 

Poto'mac,a  large  river  formed  by  its  North  and  South 
Branches,  which  rise  in  the  Alleghany  Mountains  in  West 
Virginia  and  unite  on  the  N.  border  of  Hampshire  co., 
about  15  miles  S.E.  of  the  city  of  Cumberland.  It  runs 
first  north eastw.ard,  and  forms  the  boundary  between  Mary- 
land and  West  Virginia.  Below  Hancock  it  flows  southeast- 
ward to  Harper's  Ferry,  where  it  passes  through  a  grand 
and  picturesque  gorge  in  the  Blue  Ridge  and  strikes  the 
boundary  of  Virginia  and  Loudoun  co.  It  forms  the  bound- 
ary between  Maryland  and  Virginia  from  Harper's  Ferry 
to  its  mouth,  and  runs  in  a  S.S.E.  direction.  About  15 
miles  above  AVashington  the  river  descends  nearly  80  feet 
in  a  distance  of  2  miles,  and  forms  a  cataract  about  35  feet 
high.  It  meets  the  tide  at  Georgetown,  D.C.,  and  a  few 
miles  lower  begins  to  expand  into  an  estuary  which  is  about 
100  miles  long  and  varies  in  width  from  2i  to  6  or  7  miles. 
It  enters  Chesapeake  Bay  about  lat.  38°  N.  and  at  the  S. 
extremity  of  the  AVestern  Shore  of  Maryland.  The  length 
of  the  main  stream  is  estimated  at  400  miles.  The  largest 
ships  can  ascend  it  to  A^ashington,  where  the  river  is  more 
than  a  mile  wide.  The  largest  affluents  of  the  Potomac  are 
the  Shenando.ah,  the  Cacapon,  and  the  Monoeacy.  The  North 
Branch  of  the  Potomac  runs  northeastward  from  its  source 
to  Cumberland,  Md.,  and  forms  the  boundary  between  Alle- 
ghany CO.,  Md.,  and  the  cos.  of  Grant  and  Mineral  of  AA'est 
Virginia.  It  is  about  110  miles  long.  The  South  Branch 
drains  Pendleton  co.,  AV.  Va.,  runs  in  a  N.N.E.  direction, 
and  intersects  the  cos.  of  Hardy  and  Hampshire.  It  is 
140  miles  long. 

Potomac,  Vermilion  co..  111.    See  Marysville. 

Potomac,  a  post-village  of  Prince  AVilliain  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Potomac  River,  and  on  the  Baltimore  &  Potomac  Rail- 
road, 30  miles  below  AA''ashington,  D.C.  It  has  a  church,  a 
bank,  2  brick-yards,  a  wagon-fnctory,  <fec. 

Potomac,  a  post-office  of  Ohio  co.,  AV.  Va. 

Potomac  Creek,  Va.,  runs  southeastward  through 
Staff'ord  co.,  and  enters  the  Potomac  River. 

Potomac  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVestmoreland  co., 
Va.,  near  the  Potomac  River,  44  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Fred- 
ericksburg.    It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Potosi,  po-to-see'  or  po-to'see,  a  department  of  Bolivia, 
having  AV.  South  Peru,  and  on  other  sides  the  depart- 
ments of  Oruro,  Chuquisaca,  and  Tarija.  Estimated  area, 
31,800  square  miles.  Pop.  250,000,  of  whom  one-half  are 
Indians.  The  surface  is  mountainous.  It  contains  the 
richest  silver-mines  in  South  America.  It  is  divided  into 
the  provinces  of  Chayanta,  Chiehas,  Potosi,  Lipes,  and 
Porco.     Chief  city,  Potosi. 

Potosi,  a  city  of  Bolivia,  on  the  N.  declivity  of  the 
Cerro  Gordo  de  Potosi,  70  miles  S.AV.  of  Chuquisaca.  Ele- 
vation, 13,330  feet.  Pop.  25,774.  Early  in  the  seventeenth 
century  it  is  believed  to  have  had  150,000  inhabitants.  It 
has  in  its  centre  a  spacious  square,  in  which  are  the  gov- 
ernment house,  a  great  mint,  a  college,  town  house,  jaiL 
treasury,  and  other  public  offices,  with  some  religious  edi- 
fices, and  an  obelisk  erected  in  1825  in  honor  of  Bolivar. 
The  houses  are  generally  of  stone  or  brick.     The  vicinity  it 


1»0T 


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POT 


barren  and  choerloss.  In  tho  conioni  summit  of  tho  Cerro 
ar«  more  than  6000  oponings,  made  in  aearoh  of  silver. 
The  top  of  the  mountain  is  completely  honey-oombod  and 
exhau8ted;  lower  down  iipriu<;!<  become  numerous,  and  the 
richest  uiinos  are  now  Ollod  with  water,  but  the  product  is 
still  considerable.    Since  1545  tho  mines  of  Putosi  arc  sup- 

Sosed   to   have  yielded  gold  and  silver  to  the  value  of 
100,000,000.    TheCKRRO  db  PoTOSt  is  18  miles  in  circum> 
forence,  with  an  elevation  of  16,152  feet. 

Poto'si,  a  post-village  in  Cropsey  township,  Livingston 
3o.,  III.,  10  miles  S.  of  Fuirbury.     It  has  2  churches. 

PotOHi,  a  township  of  Linn  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  18S2. 
It  contains  Pleasanton. 

Potosi,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Washington  co.,  Mo., 
in  Breton  township,  65  miles  S.  by  W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  is 
on  a  branch  railroad,  4  miles  long,  which  connects  at  Min- 
eral Point  with  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  A  Southern 
Railroad.  It  contains  a  court-house,  5  churches,  and  1  or 
2  newspaper  offices.  Mines  of  lead  (galena)  have  been 
opened  near  this  place.     Pop.  897. 

Potosi,  a  post-village  in  Potosi  township,  Grant  co.. 
Wis.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Grant 
River,  15  miles  above  Dubuque.  It  is  in  a  narrow,  picturesque 
ravine,  and  has  several  churches.  Load  and  other  products 
are  shipped  hero  in  steamboats. 

Potosi  Island)  one  of  the  sea-islands  of  Mcintosh 
CO.,  Qa.     Pop.  36. 

Potrero,  po-tri'ro,  a  post-office  of  San  Diego  co.,  Cal. 

Potschinki,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Potchinki. 

Potsdam^  pots'dlm,  a  city  of  Prussia,  capital  of  a  gov- 
ernment of  its  own  name,  and  the  second  royal  residence 
of  the  kingdom,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Nuthe  with  tho 
Havel,  17  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Berlin.  Pop.  45,003.  It 
is  one  of  the  finest  and  most  regularly  built  cities  in  Ger- 
many. It  consists  of  an  old  and  a  new  town  (separated  by 
the  Havel  Canal),  and  several  suburbs,  partly  walled,  and 
entered  by  5  land  and  4  water  gates.  It  has  many  fine 
buildings,  ornamented  with  statuary,  and  several  elegant 
squares,  in  one  of  which  is  a  marble  obelisk  76  feet  high, 
with  tho  names  of  the  rulers  of  Prussia.  The  chief  build- 
ings are  the  royal  castle  and  council-house,  the  garrison 
church,  and  theatre.  It  has  a  gymnasium,  a  seminary,  a 
school  for  military  cadets,  a  geographical  school,  and  an  in- 
stitution for  the  education  of  orphans  of  the  military.  It 
has  large  manufactures  of  fire-arms,  sugar,  cotton  goods, 
woollens,  silk,  lace,  leather,  and  chemicals.  In  its  immediate 
vicinity  is  the  palace  of  Sans-Souci,  the  favorite  residence 
of  Frederick  the  Great,  the  new  palace,  a  splendid  building 
in  a  fine  park,  and  the  Peacock  Island,  in  the  Havel,  with 
a  summer-house,  a  menagerie,  palm-house,  and  gardens. 

Potsdam,  a  government  of  Prussia,  province  of  Bran- 
denburg.    Area,  6120  square  miles.     Pop.  1,101,161. 

Pots'dam,  a  post-namlet  of  Olmsted  co.,  Minn.,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Rochester.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  108. 

Potsdam,  a  post-village  in  Potsdam  township,  St. 
Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Racket  River,  and  on  the  Rome, 
Watortown  <fc  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  11  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Canton,  and  about  30  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Ogdensburg.  It  has 
a  bridge  across  the  river,  which  here  afi'ords  abundant 
water-power.  It  contains  7  churches,  a  state  normal  and 
training  school,  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  2  ma- 
chine-shops, a  flouring-mill,  several  large  saw-mills,  and 
other  manufactories.  Here  arc  quarries  of  Potsdam  sand- 
stone, a  good  material  for  building.  It  is  of  the  Lower 
Silurian  formation,  and  derives  its  name  from  this  place. 
The  township  is  traversed  by  the  Ogdensburg  &  Lake 
Champlain  Railroad,  and  contains  the  village  of  Norwood. 
Pop.  of  the  village  (1890),  3961 ;  of  the  township,  8939. 

Potsdam,  Miami  co.,  0.     See  Geohgetown. 

Potsdam  Junction,  New  York.     See  NonwooD. 

Pots  Mountain,  a  post-offico  of  Dawson  co.,  Ga. 

Pottawatomie,  potHa-w6t'a-me,  a  county  in  the  N.E. 
part  of  Kansas,  has  an  area  of  about  848  square  miles.  It 
IS  boMuded  on  the  S.  by  the  Kansas  River,  and  on  the  W.  by 
the  Big  Blue  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Red  Vermilion 
and  Rock  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  hay,  oats,  and  cattle  are  the 
staple  products.  The  rocks  which  underlie  this  county  are 
carboniferous  limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  two  branches 
of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Westmoreland. 
Pop.  in  1870,  7848;  in  1875,  10,344;  in  1878,  11,196;  in 
1880,  16,350  ;  in  1890,  17,722. 

Pottawatomie,  township,  Coffey  co.,  Kansas.   P.  791. 

Pottawatomie,  township,  Franklin  co.,  Kan.  P.  1052. 

Pottawatomie,  township,  Pottawatomie  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  955.     Post-offices,  Pleasant  Run  and  Myers  Valley. 

Pottawattamie,  potH%-w5t'a-me,   a  county  in  the 


S.W.  nart  of  Iowa,  has  an  area  of  about  900  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Missouri  River,  is  inter- 
sected by  the  West  Nishnabatona,  and  is  also  druinol  by 
Boyer  River,  and  Mosquito,  Keg,  Silver,  and  Walnut 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with 
prairies  and  tracts  of  timber.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  hay,  cattle,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products. 
Carboniferous  limestone  underlies  part  of  the  soil.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  A  Northwe.-torn  and 
Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Railroads.  Other  railroads 
connect  at  Council  Blufi's,  the  capital  of  this  county.  Pop 
in  1870,  16,893;  in  1880,  39,850;  iu  18U0,  47,430. 

Pottendorr,  pot't^n-doBf,  a  town  of  Austria,  20  miles 
S.  of  Vicuna.     Pop.  3057. 

Pottcnstein,  pot't?n-8tIne\  or  Bodenstcin,  bo'- 
d?n-8tine\  a  town  of  Austria,  22  miles  S.W.  of  Vienna. 

Pot'ter,  a  county  in  tho  N.  part  of  Pennsylvania,  bor- 
dering on  New  York,  has  an  area  of  about  1070  pqiiaro 
miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Alleghany  and  Genesee  Rivers, 
which  rise  in  it,  and  by  Kettle,  Pine,  and  Oswayo  Creeks. 
The  surface  is  elevated,  and  hilly  or  uneven.  Forests  of 
sugar-maple,  oak,  pine,  beech,  Ac,  cover  a  large  part  of 
its  area.  Tho  soil  is  partly  adapted  to  pasturage.  Hay, 
butter,  oats,  potatoes,  and  lumber  are  tho  staple  products. 
Bituminous  coal  is  found  in  this  county.  Capital,  Cou- 
dersport.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,265;  in  18S0,  13,797;  in  1890. 
22,778. 

Potter,  a  county  of  Texas,  in  the  Panhandle.  Area, 
900  square  miles.     Capital,  Amarillo.     Pop.  in  1890,  849. 

Potter,  a  station  in  Cheyenne  co.,  Neb.,  on  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad,  19  miles  W.  of  Sidney. 

Potter,  or  Potter  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Potter 
township,  Yates  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Flint  Creek,  about  40  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Rochester,  and  16  miles  S.W.  of  Geneva.  It  has  2 
churches.  Here  is  Potter  Post-Office.  Tho  township  con- 
tains the  greater  part  of  Rushville,  and  a  pop.  of  1918. 

Potter,  a  hamlet  of  Wood  co.,  0.,  4  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Weston  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Potter,  a  township  of  Centre  co..  Pa.  Pop.  2358.  It 
contains  Potter's  Mills. 

Potter  Brook,  a  post-office  of  Tioga  co.,  Pa. 

Potter  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y., 
about  22  miles  N.E.  of  Albany. 

Potter  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  R.I.,  in 
Hopkinton  and  Westerly  townships,  on  the  Charles  or  Paw- 
catuck  River,  about  8  miles  N.E.  of  Stonington,  Conn.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  299. 

Potteries,  The,  several  towns  and  villages  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  Stafford,  where  china-  and  stoneware-manufac- 
tures are  carried  on,  comprising  Stoke-upon-Trent,  Hanley, 
Sbelton,  Longton,  and  Burslom,  together  identical  with  the 
parliamentary  borough  of  Stoke. 

Potter  Place,  a  post-village  in  Andover  township, 
Merrimtick  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Northern  Railroad,  31  miles 
N.W.  of  Concord,  and  about  3  miles  N.  of  Mount  Kearsarge. 

Pot'tersburg,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co.,  Kansas, 
on  Spillman  Creek,  about  46  miles  W.N.W.  of  Salina.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Pottersburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  0.,  on  tho 
Atlantic  A  Great  Western  Railroad,  55  miles  N.E.  of  Day- 
ton.    It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Pot'ter's  Cor'ners,  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  is  about  11 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Meadville. 

Potter's  HoI'low,  a  post-village  of  Alb.any  co.,  N.Y., 
on  Catskill  Creek,  about  30  miles  S.W.  of  Albany.  It  has 
a  Friends'  meeting.     Pop.  138. 

Potter's  Land'ing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caroline  co., 
Md.,  on  the  Choptank,  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Annapolis. 

Potter's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Calumet  co..  Wis. 

Potter's  Mills,  a  post- village  in  Potter  township,  Ccn 
tre  CO.,  Pa.,  about  14  miles  S.E.  of  Bellefonte,  and  70  miles 
N.W.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  a  grist-mill,  2  or  3  stores,  and 
a  woollen-mill.     Pop.  about  250. 

Pot'tersville,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  Ala. 

Pottersville,  a  post-office  of  Howell  co..  Mo. 

Pottersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cheshire  co.,  N.H.,  8 
miles  E.  of  Keene.     It  has  a  church,  a  woollen-mill,  Ac. 

Pottersville,  a  post-vilKage  on  the  Lamington  River, 
Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  about  33  miles  N.  of  Trenton.    It  li' 
a  church,  an  academy,  a  foundry,  2  grist-mills,  and  a  man  i 
factory  of  farming-implements. 

Pottersville,  a  post-village  in  Chester  township,  War- 
ren CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Schroon  River,  at  the  S.  end  of  Schroon 
Lake,  about  26  miles  N.W.  of  Whitehall.  Here  is  at- 
tractive scenery.   Steamboats  navigate  the  lake  in  summer. 

Potter  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mendocino  co.,  Cal, 
45  miles  N,  of  Cloverdale.     It  has  a  church. 


i 


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.    lao 

If 


Pot'tervillc,  a  post-oflace  of  Osborne  co.,  Kansas,  28 
miles  N.  of  Bunker  Hill. 

Potterville,  a  post-village  in  Benton  township,  Eaton 
CO.,  Miob.,  on  the  Chicago  <t  Lake  Huron  Railroad,  12  miles 
B.W.  of  Lansing.  It  has  2  churches,  a  union  school,  and 
manufactures  of  carriages,  lumber,  and  rakes.  Pop.  600. 

Potterville,  a  post-village  in  Orwell  township,  Brad- 
ford CO.,  Pa.,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Owego,  N.Y.  It  has  a 
tannery  and  a  grist-mill. 

Pottes,  pott  or  potts,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Ilainaut, 
10  miles  N.  of  Tournay,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Scheldt. 

Pottmes,  pott'mSs,  a  town  of  Upper  Bavaria,  N.N.E. 
of  Augsburg.     Pop.  1351. 

Pot'ton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  11  miles  E.  of 
Bedford.     Pop.  of  parish,  2072. 

Potts  Creek  rises  in  Monroe  co.,  "\V.  Va.,  runs  N.E., 
and  enters  Jackson's  River  3  miles  S.  of  Covington,  Va. 

Pott's  Creek,  a  post-ofiSce  of  Alleghany  co.,  Va. 

Potts'grove,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.  Pop. 
2895,  exclusive  of  Pottstown. 

Pottsgrove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northumberland  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  Catawissa  &  Williauisport  Railroad,  llj  miles  W.  of 
Danville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Potts's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pope  co..  Ark.,  on 
the  Little  Rock  &  Fort  Smith  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Rus- 
sellville.     It  has  a  church. 

Potts'town,  a  post-borough  in  Pottsgrove  township, 
Montgomery  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Schuylkill  River,  at  the  mouth 
of  Manatawny  Creek,  IS  miles  E.S.E.  of  Reading,  40  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Philadelphia,  and  12  miles  N.W.  of  Phoenix- 
ville.  It  is  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railroad,  and 
is  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Colobrookdale  Railroad.  Its  site 
is  a  plain,  surrounded  by  verdant  and  cultivated  hills. 
It  contains  12  churches,  the  Cott.age  Seminary  for  young 
ladies,  the  Hill  School  for  boys,  a  national  bank,  1  other 

nk,  2  iron-foundries,  2  blast-furnaces,  a  nail-factory,  car- 
orks,  and  3  rolling-mills.  One  daily  and  3  weekly  news- 
papers are  published  here.  It  has  a  bridge  across  the 
Schuylkill  River,  and  a  long  railroad-bridge  crosses  the 
Manatawny.  Its  manufactures  include  iron  bridges  and 
agricultural  machines.    Pop.  in  1880,  6305  ;  in  1890, 13,286. 

Pottstown  Landing,  a  village  of  Chester  co.,  Pa., 
in  North  Coventry  township,  on  the  Schuylkill  River  and 
the  Schuylkill  Canal,  opposite  Pottstown.  It  has  a  boat- 
yard.    Pop.  about  200. 

Pottsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Graves  co.,  Ky.,  about  20 
miles  S.  of  Paducah. 

Pottsville,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  is 
on  the  Schuylkill  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Norwegian  Creek, 
and  at  the  N.AV.  base  of  Sharp  Mountain,  35  miles  N.W,  of 
Reading,  93  miles  N.W.  of  Philadelphia,  17  miles  S.W.  of 
Tamaqua,  and  about  34  miles  S.E.  of  Danville.  It  is  the 
N.W.  terminus  of  the  Philadelphia  <fc  Reading  Railroad,  a 
branch  of  which  extends  from  this  place  to  Tamaqua. 
Pottsville  is  also  connected  with  Harrisburg  by  the  Schuyl- 
kill A  Susquehanna  Railroad.  It  is  picturesquely  situated, 
and  is  built  partly  on  the  sides  of  several  steep  hills.  The 
greater  numljer  of  the  business  houses  are  on  Centre  street, 
which  extends  along  the  bank  of  Norwegian  Creek.  The 
city  is  lighted  with  gas,  and  contains  a  court-house,  a  town 
hall,  a  jail,  18  churches,  a  high  school,  3  national  banks, 
having  an  aggregate  capital  of  $1,100,000,  6  other  banks, 
and  printing-offices  which  issue  2  daily  and  4  or  5  weekly 
newspapers :  2  or  3  of  the  weekly  papers  are  German.  Its 
prosperity  is  mainly  derived  from  operations  in  anthracite, 
which  is  mined  in  the  great  Schuylkill  coal-field  and  is 
conveyed  to  this  place  by  several  branch  railroads.  The 
annual  product  of  the  Schuylkill  coal-field  or  district  is 
about  5,000,000  tons.  The  coal  is  sent  to  market  by  the 
Philadelphia  <fc  Reading  Railroad  and  the  Schuylkill  Navi- 
gati'a  Company.  Here  are  several  rolling-mills,  iron- 
furnaces,  foundries,  machine-shops,  and  manufactories  of 
lumber,  sash,  ka.     Pop.  in  1880,  13,263;  in  1890,  14,117. 

Pottsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  Tex.,  about 
65  miles  W.  of  Waco. 

Po'tuck,  a  hamlet  in  Southampton  township,  Suffolk 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  2  miles  N.E.  of  West  Hampton. 

Poty,  a  town  of  Brazil.     See  Poti. 

Pouanc6,  poo-flso'si'  or  pw6x»"si',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Maine-et-Loire,  33  miles  N.W.  of  Angers.     Pop.  2084. 

Pouch  Cove,  a  village  of  Newfoundland,  19  miles  from 
Bt.  John's.     Pop.  830. 

Pouching-Hien,  China.    See  Poochisc-IIien. 

Poucques,  pook,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flan- 
ders, 12  miles  W.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  1620. 

Poughkeepsie,  pp-kip'see,  a  hamlet  of  Sharp  co.. 
Ark.,  8  miles  E.  of  Evening  Shades. 


Poughkeepsie,  sometimes  written  Pokeepsie,  a 

handsome  city,  the  capital  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  is  on  the 
E.  bank  of  the  Hudson  River,  74  miles  N.  of  New  York, 
and  70  miles  S.  of  Albany.  Lat.  41°  40'  N.;  Ion.  73°  55' 
W.  The  site  is  a  plateau  or  plain  which  is  nearly  200  feet 
higher  than  the  water  and  is  enclosed  on  the  E.  side  by 
high  hills.  Main  street  extends  eastward  from  the  river, 
and  is  li  miles  long.  The  plan  of  the  city  is  regular,  and 
the  streets  cross  one  another  at  right  angles.  This  is  the 
most  populous  city  between  New  York  and  Albany,  It  is 
connected  with  these  cities  by  the  Hudson  River  Railroad, 
and  is  a  terminus  of  the  Poughkeepsie  &  Eastern  Railroad, 
which  extends  to  Millerton,— 43  miles.  A  steam  ferry  con- 
nects it  with  New  Paltz  Landing,  on  the  opposite  bank  of 
the  river,  which  is  hero  nearly  1  mile  wide.  Two  miles  N. 
of  the  city  are  the  large  and  imposing  buildings  of  the  Hud- 
son River  State  Hospital  for  the  Insane,  which  were  erected 
about  1871  and  cost  about  $750,000.  Poughkeepsie  is  dis- 
tinguished for  the  number  and  quality  of  its  educational 
institutions.  It  is  the  seat  of  Vassar  College  (for  ladies), 
which  was  organized  in  1865  and  was  founded  and  liberally 
endowed  by  Matthew  Vassar,  after  whom  it  was  named. 
It  has  about  36  professors  and  instructors  and  a  library 
of  8699  volumes.  The  main  building  is  600  feet  long  and 
5  stories  high.  This  city  contains,  besides  many  handsome 
residences,  20  churches,  a  high  school,  the  Poughkeepsie 
Collegiate  Institute,  the  Cottage  Hill  Seminary  (for  girls), 
the  Brooks  Seminary,  the  Pelham  Institute  (for  boys),  the 
Riverview  Academy,  the  Poughkeepsie  Female  Academy, 
the  Mansion  Square  Institute,  an  opera-house,  a  court-house, 
a  public  library,  an  orphan  asylum,  6  national  banks,  the 
capital  of  whicli  amounts  to  $1,685,000,  a  savings-bank,  a 
rolling-mill,  a  blast-furnace,  and  manufactures  of  cotton 
goods,  machinery,  carriages,  mowing-machines  and  other 
farming-implements,  shoes,  carpets,  iron-ware,  flour,  Ac. 
Three  daily  and  5  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 
Pop.  in  1876,  19,869;  in  1880,  20,207;  in  1890,  22,206. 

Poughquag,  po-kwog',  a  post-village  in  Beekman 
township,  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  about  66  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
New  York.     It  has  a  church. 

Pougues,  pooG,  a  town  of  France,  7  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Nevers.     Pop.  1436. 

Pouillon,  poo^yAso'  or  poory6N"',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Landes,  30  miles  S.AV.  of  Mont-de-Marsan. 

Pouilly-en-Montagne,  poo^yee'-  (or  pooryee'-) 
6No-miN<''tin',  a  town  of  France,  in  COte-d'Or,  21  milea 
N.W.  of  Beauno.     Pop.  1090. 

Pouilly-sur-Charlieu,  pooryee'-  (or  pooryee'-)  sUb 
shanMe-uh',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire,  7  miles  N.  of 
Roanne,  on  the  Loire.     Pop.  1886. 

Pouilly-sur-Loire,  poo'yeo'-  (or  pooPyee'-)  siiR- 
Iwan,  a  town  of  France,  on  the  Loire,  22  miles  N,N,W.  of 
Nevers.     Pop.  1939. 

Pouinipete,pwee'nc-p5t',  also  called  Ponapi,  pon^- 
i-pee',  and  Ascension,  an  island  of  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
in  the  Carolines.  Lat.  6°  52'  N.;  Ion.  158°  24'  E.  It  is 
about  60  miles  in  circumference.     Pop.  6000. 

Poulaines,  pooMdn'  or  pooMSn',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Indre,  21  miles  N.N.W.  of  Issoudun.    Pop.  2028. 

Pouliguy,  pooMeen'yee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Indre, 
on  the  Suin,  4  miles  N.  of  Le  Blanc,     Pop.  2048. 

Poullan,  poori5N°',  a  village  of  France,  in  Finistere, 
16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Quimper.     Pop.  1172. 

Poullaoucn,  pooMi^vftN"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Finis. 
tSre,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Carhaix.     Pop.  of  commune,  3380. 

Poulo,  or  Pulo,poo'lo  (from  the  Greek  ita.\ipo%,p<iuroi>, 
or  Lat.  ^wimZms),  a  modern  Greek  term,  signifying  "little," 
forming  a  prefix  or  suffix  to  the  names  of  many  islets  in  tlie 
Grecian  Archipelago,  as,  Skvuo  Poulo,  "Little  Skyro.'' 

Poultney,  polt'nee,  a  village  of  Delaware  co.,  Iowa, 
about  32  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Dubuque. 

Poultney,  a  neat  post-village  in  Poultney  township, 
Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  near  a  river  of  its  own  name,  on  the 
Rensselaer  &  Saratoga  Railroad,  18  miles  AV.S.W,  of  Rut- 
land, 7  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Castleton,  and  about  10  miles  E. 
of  Whitehall.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  national  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  an  academy,  a  foundry,  a  saw-mill,  a  large 
summer  boarding-house,  several  slate-quarries,  and  manu- 
factories of  slate.     Pop.  in  1890,  8239  ;  of  township,  11,760. 

Poultney  River  rises  in  Rutland  co.,  Vt,  runs  north- 
westward to  Washington  co.  of  New  York,  and  enters  the 
S.  end  of  Lake  Champlain  about  1  mile  N.  of  Whitehall. 

Ponmaron,  poo'mi'ron',  a  river  of  British  Guiana, 
flows  N.N.E.^  then  N.N.W.,  and  falls  into  the  Atl.antic  be- 
tween the  Bariraa  and  Essequibo.     Length,  100  miles. 

Found,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wise  co.,  Va.,  65  miles  N.W. 
of  Abingdon.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 


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Poand'ridffe«  &  post-hamlot  In  Poundridgo  townihin, 
WestoheBtor  oo.,  N.Y.,  about  42  mllea  N.N.E.  of  New  York. 
Pop.  of  township,  1012. 

l*oung-Day,  pfivrng-dV,  a  town  of  British  Barmah,  40 
miles  S.H.  of  Promo.     Pop.  61.11. 

Pouuiikka,  a  town  or  India.    See  Poonukka. 

PouppcvillC)  poop^veol',  a  poat-hamlct  of  St.  Landry 
parish,  La.,  6b  miles  from  Morgan  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Pour,  a  rivor  of  Siberia.    See  Peon. 

Pourrntin,  a  town  of  Russia.    Soo  Poorateen. 

Pourrifercs,  poon'ro-alR',  a  town  of  Franco,  In  Var,  7 
ttiilefl  W.N.AV.  of  Saint-Miiximin.     Pop.  1820. 

PouBoalegrc,  pO'so-H-I&'gr^,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in 
Minas-Oonics,  230  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ouro  Preto. 

Poussan,  doos^sAno',  a  town  of  Franco,  in  IKrault,  13 
miles  S.W.  of  MontpoUier.     Pop.  2317. 

Ponst-Ozersk,  a  town  of  Ilussia.   See  Poost-Ozersk. 

Pou-Tchou,  a  city  of  China.    See  Poo-Choo. 

Poutivl,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Pootivl. 

Pouto,  an  island  of  China.     See  Pooto. 

Poutroye,  pooHnwi',  or  Schnierlnch,  shncen'l&K,  a 
town  of  Alsace,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Colmar.     Pop.  2462. 

Puuznuges,  poo'zozh',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vend6e, 
20  miles  N.  of  Fontenay-le-Comte.     Pop.  1131. 

Pouziii,  Le,  l?h  poo^zAif"',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ar- 
dSehe,  on  the  Rhone,  7  miles  E.  of  Privas.     Pop.  2011. 

Poverty  Bay,  New  Zealand.     See  Tiiranca  Bat. 

Pov'erty  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C. 

Poviglio,  po-veel'yo  (L.  Pupe'lium),  a  town  of  Italy, 
13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Parma.     Pop.  5588. 

Povoa  de  Varzim,  po-vo'l  d4  vaR-zeeN»',  a  town  of 
Portugal,  province  of  Douro,  near  the  sea-coast,  18  miles 
from  Braga.     Pop.  10,012. 

Povolide,  po-vo-Iee'dA,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira- 
Alta,  8  miles  S.\V.  of  Viseu.     Pop.  1944. 

Powagurh,  a  town  of  India.    See  Chumpaneer. 

Pow'ar's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Casey  co.,  Ky. 

Poway,  p(5w-wi',  a  post-office  of  San  Diego  co.,  Cal. 

Pow'der  JUills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hart  co.,  Ky.,  14 
miles  E.  of  Munfordville.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  woollen-factory. 

Powder  River,  Oregon,  rises  in  the  Blue  Mountains, 
drains  parts  of  Union  and  Balcer  cos.,  and  enters  the  Snake 
or  Lewis  River.  It  is  about  150  miles  long.  Its  general 
direction  is  nearly  eastward. 

Powder  River  rises  in  Wyoming,  among  the  Big 
Horn  Mountains,  and  runs  northward  to  the  southern 
boundary  of  Montana.  It  subsequently  flows  northeast- 
ward and  northward,  and  enters  the  Yellowstone  River  in 
the  E.  part  of  Montana,  about  lat.  46°  46'  N.  Estimated 
length,  350  miles. 

Powder  Spring  Gap,  post-office,  Grainger  co.,Tenn. 

Powder  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Cobb  co.,  Ga., 
about  22  miles  W.N.W.  of  Atlanta.     It  has  2  churches. 

Poweic,  a  town  of  Poland.    See  Punitz. 

Pow'ell,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Kentucky, 
has  an  area  of  about  144  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  Red  River.  The  surface  is  hilly.  The  soil  produces 
Indian  corn,  grass,  <fco.  Capital,  Stanton.  Pop.  in  1870, 
2599;  in  1880,  3639;  in  1890,  4698. 

Powell,  a  post-hamlet  of  McDonald  co.,  Mo.,  20  miles 
S.  by  E.  of  Neosho. 

Powell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Columbus  &  Toledo  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Colum- 
bus.    It  has  a  church  and  a  carriage-factory. 

Powell,  a  post-office  of  Bradford  co..  Pa. 

Powell  Dale,  a  post-village  of  Bosque  co.,  Tex.,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Meridian.     It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  Ac. 

Pow'ellsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Highland  township,  8  miles  E.  of  Clay  Centre.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Powell's  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  in  Putnam  co.,  runs 
N.W.,  and  enters  the  Auglaize  4  miles  S.W.  of  Defiance. 

Powell's  Creek,  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  runs  nearly  south- 
westward,  and  enters  the  Susquehanna  River  about  5  miles 
above  Dauphin. 

Powell's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dauphin  oo.,  Pa., 
about  14  miles  N.  by  AV.  of  Harrisburg. 

Pow'ell's  Group,  or  South  Ork'ney,  a  group  of 
islands  in  the  Antarctic  Ocean,  lat.  60°  37'  S.,  Ion.  44° 
32'  W.,  and  E.  of  South  Shetland. 

Powell's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  Ky.  See 
also  M ALONE  and  Stockuale. 

Powell's  River  rises  in  Wise  co.,  Vft.,  and  runs 
southwestward  into  East  Tennessee.  It  intersects  Claiborne 
CO.,  and  enters  the  Clinch  River  about  12  miles  above  Clin- 
ton, Tenn.     It  is  nearly  150  miles  long. 


Powell's  River,  a  post-hamlot  of  Campbell  co.,  Tenn 
18  miles  N.E.  of  Caryville.  ' 

Powell's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Knoxville  A  Ohio  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  Knoxvilli;! 

Powell's  Store,  a  post-office  of  San  Diego  co.,  Cal. 

Powell's  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Multnomah  .•  .. 
Oregon,  15  miles  E.  of  Portland. 

Pow'ellsville,  a  post-office  of  Scioto  co.,  0. 

Pow'ellton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butte  co.,  Cal.,  abon' 
miles  N.E.  of  Chico.     It  has  several  saw- mills. 

Powellton,  a  post-office  of  Brunswick  co.,  Va. 

Pow'ellvillc,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Coweta 
Oa.,  on  the  Atlanta  A  West  Point  Railroad,  6  miles  X. 
Newnan.     Hero  is  a  church. 

Powellville,  a  post-village  of  Wicomico  co.,  Md., 
about  14  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Salisbury.  It  has  2  churchei 
and  a  lumber-mill. 

Pow'elton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Escambia  co.,  Fla.,  14 
miles  N.  of  Pensacola,  and  1  mile  from  the  Pciisacola  A 
Louisville  Railroad  (Powclton  Station).  It  has  2  churchei 
and  a  brick-yard. 

Powelton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richmond  co.,  N.C.,  about 
60  miles  E.  of  Charlotte.    It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Powelton,  a  village  of  Centre  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Tyrone 
A  Clearfield  Branch  of  the  Penneylvania  Railroad,  30  milea 
N.N.E.  of  Altoona,  with  coal-mines. 

Pow'ers,  a  post-hamlet  of  Terrell  co.,  Qa.,  6  mile* 
S.W.  of  Dawson. 

Powers,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jny  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  railroad 
between  Hartford  and  Union  City,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Hart* 
ford.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  saw-mill. 

Powers,  a  post-office  of  Menominee  oo.,  Mich, 

Pow'ersburg,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Ky. 

Pow'ers  Court,  a  post-village  in  Huntingdon  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  Chateauguay  River,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Huntingdon.     Pop.  150. 

Powers  Shop,  a  post-office  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C. 

Power's  Store,  Casey  co.,  Ky.    See  Powah's  Store. 

Pow'ersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Houston  co.,  Ga.,  od 
the  Southwestern  Railroad,  21  miles  S.S.W.  of  Macon.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Powers ville,  a  post-village  of  Bracken  co.,  Ky.,  15 
miles  E.  of  Falmouth.     It  has  2  churches. 

Pow'erville,  a  htimlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  1  mile 
N.W.  of  Boonton.     It  has  an  iron-forge. 

Poweshiek,  p5w-?-8heek',  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central 

Eart  of  Iowa,  has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
y  English  River,  North  Skunk  River,  and  Bear  Creek,  an 
affluent  of  the  Iowa  River,  which  touches  the  N.E.  corner 
of  this  county.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  ia 
fertile.  Groves  of  the  ash,  elm,  white  oak,  hickorj',  Ac, 
grow  along  the  streams.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  cattle, 
hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  The  greater  part 
of  this  county  is  prairie.  Among  its  minerals  is  carbo- 
niferous  limestone.  Coal  is  said  to  be  found  in  it.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Iowa  Central,  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A 
Pacific,  Burlington  A  Cedar  Rapids,  and  Chicago  A  North- 
western Railroads.  Capital,  Montezuma.  Pop.  in  1870, 
15,581  ;  in  1880,  18,936;  in  1890,  18,394. 

PoAveshiek,  a  township  of  Jasper  co.,  Iowa.    P.  2105. 

Powhatan,  pSw^a-tan',  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part 
of  Virginia,  has  an  area  of  about  255  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  James  River,  and  on  the  S.  by  the 
Appomattox  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level  or  undu- 
lating, and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  Wheat, 
Indian  corn,  tobacco,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products. 
The  Richmond  A  Danville  Railroad  passes  along  the  S.E. 
border  of  this  county,  which  is  also  traversed  by  the  Farm- 
ville  A  Powhatan  Railroad.  Capital,  Powhatan  Court- 
House.     Pop.  in  1870,  7667 ;  in  1880,7817;  in  1890,  6791. 

Powhatan,  a  post-vlllage,  capital  of  Lawrence  co., 
Ark.,  on  Black  River,  about  38  miles  E.N.E.  of  Batesville. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  seminary,  and  a  woollen-factory. 

Powhatan,  a,  township  of  Brown  co.,  Kansas.     P.  912. 

Powhatan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  about 
9  miles  N.W.  of  Baltimore. 

Powhatan,  Powhatan  co.,  Va.    See  Genito. 

Powhatan  Court-House,  Va.    See  Scottsville. 

Powhatan  Point,  a  post-village  in  York  township, 
Belmont  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  8  miles  from  Mounds- 
ville,  W.  Va.,  and  about  15  miles  below  Bellaire.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  201. 

Powhattan,  a  post-office  of  Pocahontas  co.,  Iowa. 

Powis,  pow'is,  the  ancient  British  name  of  an  eastern 
portion  of  Wales.  Powis  Castle,  the  seat  of  tho  Clive  fam- 
ily, is  1  mile  from  Welshpool. 

Powi's  Valley,  Dauphin  co..  Pa.    See  MATAiionAS. 


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Pow'nal,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pownal  township,  Cumber- 
land CO.,  Me.,  about  20  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Portland.  It  has 
a  church.  Pop.  of  the  township,  981.  Pownal  Station  on 
the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad  is  at  the  hamlet  of  West  Pow- 
nal, 18  miles  N.  of  Portland. 

Pownal,  a  post-village  in  Pownal  township,  Benning- 
ton CO.,  Vt,  on  the  Iloosac  River,  and  on  the  Troy  &  Boston 
Railroad,  9  miles  N.AV.  of  North  Adams,  Mass.,  and  10 
miles  S.  of  Bennington.  It  contains  2  churches,  the  Rural 
Home  School  for  boys,  and  a  manufactory  of  cotton  and 
■woollen  goods.  The  township  contains  a  hamlet  named 
North  Pownal.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1919. 

Pownal,  a  post- village  in  Queens  co..  Prince  Edward 
Island,  at  the  head  of  Pownal  Bay,  8  miles  from  Charlotte- 
town.     Pop.  150. 

Pownal  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Bennington  co.,  Vt. 

Pow'nce,  or  Pauni,  p5w'nee,  written  also  Poho- 
Oee,  a  town  of  India,  36  miles  S.E.  of  Nagpoor.    Pop.  8973. 

Pow  of  Errol,aharborof  Scotland.  See  Port  Alle.v. 

Pow'ow  River,  a  fine  mill-stream,  rising  in  Rocking- 
ham CO.,  N.H.,  and  falling  into  the  Merrimac  a  few  miles 
above  Ncwburyport. 

Powy,pow-i',  a  township  of  San  Diego  co.,  Cal.  Pop.  91. 

Pow^yan',  a  town  of  India,  in  Rohilcund,  20  miles 
N.E.  of  Shahjehanpoor.     Pop.  6202. 

Poxega,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Posega. 

Poxim,  po-sheeN"',  a  town  of  Brazil,  25  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Alagoas,  on  the  Poxim.     Pop.  3000. 

Poyais,  po-yi'ee?,  a  river  and  district  of  Nicaragua, 
with  a  settlement  on  the  river,  Lat.  15°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  85° 
10'  W. 

Poyales  del  Hoyo,  po-yi'lSs  dSl  o'yo,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  New  Castile,  W.N.W.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  1629. 

Po-Yang,  po*-y3,ng',  or  Pho-Yang,  p'ho^-ylng',  a 
large  lake  of  China,  province  of  Kiang-See,  in  its  N.  part. 
Lat.  28°  50'-30°  N.;  Ion.  116°-116°  40'  E.  Length,  80 
miles;  greatest  breadth,  40  miles.  It  discharges  its  surplus 
waters  northward  into  the  Yang-tse-Kiang. 

Poy'gan,  a  post-office  in  Poygan  township,  Winnebago 
CO.,  Wis.,  about  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Oshkosh.  The  town- 
ship is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Poygan  Lake.     Pop.  868. 

Poygan  Lake,  Wisconsin,  is  in  Winnebago  co.,  about 
10  iiiiles  N.W.  of  Oshkosh,  and  touches  the  E.  part  of  Wau- 
shara co.  It  is  an  expansion  of  AVolf  River,  which  issues 
from  the  E.  end  of  the  lake,  and  is  about  10  miles  long  and 
3  miles  wide.     The  name  is  sometimes  written  Pauwaicux. 

Poy'ner,  a  township  of  Black  Hawk  co.,  Iowa.    P.  1043. 

Poynette,  poi-net',  a  post-village  in  Dekorra  township, 
Columbia  co..  Wis.,  on  the  railroad  between  Portage  and  Mad- 
ison, 25  miles  N.  of  the  latter.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded 
school,  2  flour-mills,  and  a  newspaper  office.   P.  (1890)  517. 

Poysdorp,  pois'donp,  Poysdorf,  or  Poisdorf,  pois'- 
donf,  a  town  of  Austria,  26  miles  N.N.E.  of  Korneuburg. 
Pop.  2317. 

Poysip'pi,  a  post-village  in  Poysippi  township,  Wau- 
shara CO.,  Wis.,  on  Pine  River,  13  miles  N.  of  Berlin,  and 
about  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Oshkosh.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a 
saw-mill,  2  churches,  and  a  graded  school.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  856. 

Poza  de  la  Sal,  po'thS,  di  li  sil,  a  town  of  Spain,  20 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Burgos.     Pop.  2447. 

Pozaldez,  po-thiI-d3th',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Leon, 
province  and  S.  of  Valladolid.     Pop.  2185. 

Pozarewatz,  a  town  of  Servia.     See  Passauowitz. 

Pozo,  po'so,  a  post-office  of  San  Luis  Obispo  co.,  Cal. 

Pozo  Alcon,  po'tho  il-kon',  a  village  of  Spain,  in 
Andalusia,  province  and  34  miles  E.  of  Jaen.     Pop.  3038. 

Pozoblanco,  po-tho-blS.n'ko,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  32  miles  N.E.  of  Cordova,  in  the  Sierra  Morena. 
It  has  dye-works  and  manufactures  of  woollens.    Pop.  8007. 

Pozohondo,  poHho-hon'do,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  20  miles  S.  of  Albacete.     Pop.  1411. 

Pozo  Rubio,  po'tho  roo'be-o,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New 
Castile,  province  and  S.W.  of  Cuenca.     Pop.  1230. 

Pozuelo,  po-thwi'lo  or  po-thoo-d'lo,  a  village  of  Spain, 
province  and  15  miles  S.W.  of  Albacete.     Pop.  1261. 

Pozuelo  de  Calatrava,  po-thwi'lo  di  ki-Ii-tri'vi, 
a  village  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  province  and  6  miles 
S.E.  of  Ciudad  Real.     Pop.  1701. 

Pozzallo,  pot-z3.1'lo,  a  seaport  of  Sicily,  province  of 
Syracuse,  district  and  9  miles  S.E.  of  Modica.     Pop.  2895. 

Pozzo  di  Goto,  pot'so  dee  go'to,  a  town  of  Sicily, 
adjacent  to  Barcelona. 

Pozzolengo,  pot-so-15n'go,  a  village  of  Italy,  in 
Brescia,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Lonato.     Pop.  2053. 

Pozzolo  Formigaro,  pot'so-lo  fon-rae-gi'ro,  a  town 
If  Italy,  28  miles  N.W.  of  Genoa.     Pop.  3469. 


Pozzo  Maggiore,  pot'so  mid-jo'ri,  a  village  of  Sar- 
dinia, 21  miles  E.S.E.  of  Alghero.     Pop.  2763. 

Pozznoli,  pot-soo-o'lee,  or  Puzzuoli,  poot-soo-o'lee 
(anc.  Puteoli),  an  episcopal  town  of  Italy,  on  a  gulf  of  its 
own  name,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Naples.  Pop.  15,736.  In  an- 
cient times  it  was  an  important  city,  and  its  environs  were 
crowded  with  villas  of  the  wealthy  Romans.  Near  it  are 
Lake  Averno,  the  Solfatara,  from  which  sulphur  is  exten- 
sively obtained,  and  the  Grotta  del  Cane. 

Pra,  pri,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Genoa,  neai 
Voltri.     Pop.  of  commune,  4186. 

Prabutha,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Riesenburg. 

Prachelitz,  priK'§h-lits\  or  Prachatitz,  prix'i- 
tits\  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Banitz,  22 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Pisek.     Pop.  3617. 

Pradalnnga,  pri-di-loon'gi,  a  village  of  Italy,  6 
miles  N.E.  of  Bergamo,  on  the  Serio.     Pop.  1397. 

Pradanos  de  Ojeda  (or  Oxeda),  pri-Di'noce  di 
0-hJ,'d3,,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Leon,  province  and  45  miles 
from  Palencia.     Pop.  1717. 

Pradelles,  pri'd^ll',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ilaute- 
Loire,  19  miles  S.  of  Le  Puy.     Pop.  1872. 

Prades,  prid,  a  town  of  France,  in  Pyr6n6es-Orien- 
tales,  on  the  Tet,  24  miles  W.S.W.  of  Perpignan.  Pop.  3725. 
It  has  a  church,  an  asylum,  a  seminary,  and  manufactures 
of  coarse  cloth,  woollen  hosiery,  and  paper. 

Prado,  pri'do,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Minho, 
on  the  Cavado,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Braga.     Pop.  2379. 

Prado,  pri'do,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  Espirito  Santo,  70 
miles  S.  of  Porto  Seguro,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Jucurucu. 

Prado,  a  small  town  and  seaport  of  Brazil,  in  the  state 
of  Bahia,  120  miles  S.  of  Porto  Seguro. 

Prado,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  the  state  of  Pard,  55  miles 
W.  of  Montalegre. 

Prado  del  Rey,  pri'Do  d51  ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince of  Cadiz.     Pop.  2390. 

Pradoluengo,  pr3,-do-lwfin'go  or  pr3,'DO-loo-5ng'go,  a 
town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  province  and  2  miles  S.E.  of 
Burgos.     Pop.  2724. 

Praeneste,  the  ancient  name  of  Palestuina. 

Pra!sidium  Julium,  Portugal.     See  Santarem. 

Praestoe,  prfis'to'^h,  a  town  of  Denmark,  island  of 
Seeland,  on  Prasstoe  Bay,  in  the  Baltic,  13  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Nestved.   Chief  exports,  corn  and  lime. 

Prag,  a  post-office  of  Rawlins  co.,  Kansas. 

Praga,  prl'gi,  a  town  of  Poland,  government  of  and 
opposite  Warsaw,  on  the  Vistula.     Pop.  4000. 

Prague,  praig  (Ger.  Prag,  prSg  ;  L.  Pra'ga),  a  city  ol 
Europe,  capital  of  the  kingdom  of  Bohemia,  near  its  cen- 
tre, on  the  Moldau,  160  miles  N.N.W.  of  Vienna,  and  75 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Dresden.  Lat.  of  observatory,  49°  5'  N. ; 
Ion.  14°  25'  E.  Pop.  in  1880,  162,323.  It  stands  in  a 
basin-shaped  valley,  surrounded  by  five  hills,  on  the  slopes 
of  which  the  houses  rise  in  successive  tiers  from  the  water's 
edge  ;  it  is  about  12  miles  in  circumference,  and  is  enclosed 
by  fortifications.  The  Moldau,  which  flows  N.  through  the 
city,  is  crossed  near  the  middle  by  the  celebrated  stone 
bridge  1855  feet  long,  ornamented  with  groups  of  statuary, 
and  having  a  lofty  tower  at  each  end,  built  in  the  fifteenth 
century;  and  at  the  S.  end  of  the  Kleinseite  it  is  crossed  by 
a  modern  chain  bridge  which  rests  on  the  small  island  called 
"  Little  Venice."  On  the  right  bank  of  the  river  is  the 
Altstadt  (old  town),  with  the  Judenstadt  (Jews'  quarter) 
and  the  Neustadt  (new  town) ;  on  the  left  bank  are  the 
Ilradschin  and  the  Kleinseite ;  the  village  of  Wissehrad  on 
the  right  and  that  of  Smichew  on  the  left  bank  are  in- 
cluded in  its  bounds.  Prague,  peculiar  in  its  architecture 
and  from  its  numerous  domes,  spires,  and  turrets,  has  quite 
an  Oriental  aspect.  The  finest  quarters  are  the  Neustadt, 
the  Kleinseite,  and  the  Hradschin.  Principal  buildings : — 
1,  In  the  Altstadt,  the  Theinkirche,  the  town  house,  the 
royal  library,  observatory,  many  scientific  establishments, 
the  buildings  of  the  old  university,  and  the  church  of 
St.  Gallas,  in  which  Huss  preached. — 2.  In  the  Judenstadt, 
the  Jewish  synagogue. — 3.  In  the  Neustadt,  the  new  town 
house,  the  military  hospital,  and  several  churches  with  fine 
paintings. — 4.  In  the  Kleinseite,  the  church  of  St.  Nicholas, 
church  of  St.  Thomas,  and  the  artillery  barracks. — 5.  In 
the  Hradschin,  the  former  palace  of  the  Bohemian  kings,  a 
massive  and  imposing  structure,  and  the  cathedral  church 
of  St.  Vitus,  a  richly-decorated  Gothic  building,  containing 
the  tomb  of  St.  John  of  Nepomuk,  with  a  silver  shrine 
weighing  37  hundredweight,  and  those  of  many  Bohemian 
kings. — 6.  In  Wissehrad,  the  church  of  St.  Peter  and  St. 
Paul,  and  the  royal  armory.  In  the  village  of  Smichew  is 
the  noble  botanio  garden.  Prague  has  many  learned  and 
scientific  societies  :  the  university,  founded  by  Charles  IV. 


PR  A 


2216 


PRA 


tn  1348,  la  remark»ble  aa  the  Qrst  school  of  Iwirning  Mtab< 
liohctl  in  Uormanjr.  Pra;;ue  has  3  gyinniusia,  a  normal 
school,  a  school  for  the  btimi,  oabineU  of  niiturnl  hUtory, 
several  large  public  libraries,  and  many  public  hovpitulii. 
Its  manufactures  oomp.-iira  printed  cottons,  linens,  silks,  and 
woollens.  It  is  the  centre  uf  the  commerce  of  Bohemia, 
Its  transit  tnide  buinj;  tauilitated  by  the  navigation  of  the 
Moldau  and  by  railways  which  connect  it  with  Oluiuti  and 
Vienna  on  the  E.  and  S.  and  with  PiUen  on  the  S.W.  It 
U  the  birthplace  of  Jerome  uf  Prague. 

l*ra'ha»  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Minn.,  about  40 
miles  S.W.  of  bt.  Paul.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and 
8  dry-goods  stores. 

l*rah^ruii',  a  southern  suburb  of  Melbourne,  Australia. 
Poi>.  lrt,52U. 

I'rahusta,  pri-boos'til,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Roumelia,  75  miles  E.  N.E.  of  Salonica.     Pop.  about  3UU(). 

I'rain,  Cape  V'ord  l8lan<ls.    See  Porto  Praya. 

Praia  CiSrande,  a  town  of  Brazil.    See  Nictheroy. 

Prairie,  pra'rce,  a  French  term  signifying  "meadow," 
it  applied  in  the  United  States  to  extensive  plains  destitute 
of  forest  trees,  and  possessing  a  soil  generally  deep  and 
fertile,  which  produces  luxuriant  crops  of  natural  pasture 
and  (when  cultivated)  of  agricultural  produce.  Such 
prairies  are  common  in  Illinois,  Iowa,  Kansas,  Nebraska, 
the  Dakotas,  Missouri,  and  parts  of  Michij^aii,  Minnesota, 
California,  Munlunn,  >to.  The  absence  of  forests  is  attrib- 
nted  to  a  deficiency  of  rain,  and  the  deficiency  of  timber  is 
partly  compensated  by  extensive  deposits  of  coal,  ospcciully 
in  the  states  of  Illinois,  Kansas,  Missouri,  and  Iowa.  In 
the  dry  air  of  the  prairies  situated  W.  of  the  Mississippi 
River,  the  standing  grass  in  winter  retains  its  nutritious 
property  and  is  converted  into  good  hay.  The  grassy  and 
treeless  plains  which  occur  in  the  Southern  states,  and  are 
similar  to  prairies,  are  called  savannag.  Nearly  all  the  re- 
gion between  Ion.  96°  W.  and  the  base  of  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains is  true  typical  prairie. 

Prairie,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Arkansas, 
has  an  area  of  about  658  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
in  the  E.  part  by  White  River,  in  the  N.  part  by  Dcs  Arc 
Bayou,  and  also  drained  by  the  Watansaw  Bayou.  The  sur- 
face is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests 
of  the  ash,  cypress,  oak,  black  walnut,  and  other  trees.  A 
part  of  the  county  is  prairie.  The  soil  produces  cotton  and 
Indian  corn.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Little  Rock 
&  Memphis  Railroad  and  the  St.  Louis  Southwestern  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Des  Arc.  Pop.  in  1870,  5604;  in  1880,  8435: 
in  1890,  11,374. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Edgar  co.,  111.     Pop.  829. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Hancock  co..  III.     Pop.  1380. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  lU.     Pop.  1218. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  White  co..  111.     Pop.  1603. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  278. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  162.'?. 
It  contains  Hillsborough,  Summit,  and  Luray. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1248. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Tipton  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1547. 

Prairie,  a  station  on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  A  Terre 
Haute  Railroad,  3J  miles  E.  of  Terre  Haute,  Ind. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  667. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  White  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1603.  It 
oontains  Brookston. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Davis  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  648. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  509. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Fremont  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  550. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  926. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1110, 
exclusive  of  New  Sharon. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  308. 
Post-oHice,  Aurora. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Wilson  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  362. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Wyandotte  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
1120.     It  contains  Connor's  Station. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Audrain  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1191. 

Prairie,  Bates  co..  Mo.     See  Prairie  City. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Chariton  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1473. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Franklin  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1502. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Howard  co..  Mo.  Pop.  2476. 
[t  contains  Roanoke. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  3493. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Lincoln  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1241. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  McDonald  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  907. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co..  Mo.    Pop.  1658. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Randolph  co..  Mo.     Pop.  2863. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Schuyler  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1653. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  0.     Pop.  1364. 

Prairie,  a  township  of  Holmes  co.,  0.    Pop.  1413. 


Prairie  Bird,  a  hamlet  of  Shelby  co..  III.,  about  ( 
miles  N.W.  of  Shelbyvillo.     It  has  2  churches. 

Prairie  Ilird,  a  post-oflice  of  Adair  co..  Mo.,  about  28 
miles  N.  of  Macon. 

Prairie  Illuir,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilcox  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Alabama  River,  about  33  miles  S.W.  of  Solma.  Steam- 
boats touch  here  daily. 

Prairieburg,  pra'rce-burg,  a  post-rillage  in  Boulder 
township,  Linn  co.,  Iowa,  about  24  miles  N.N.K.  of  Cedar 
Rapids.     It  has  a  church  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  1 16. 

Prairie  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  La  Salle  co..  111., 
about  44  miles  W.S.W.  of  Aurora. 

Prairie  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  co.,  Kan. 
gas,  9  miles  W.  of  Olathe.     It  has  2  churches. 

Prairie  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Buffalo  co..  Neb. 

Prairie  City,  a  post-village  in  Prairie  City  township, 
McDonough  co..  III.,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlingtoc  A  Quincy 
Railroad,  23  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Ualesburg,  and  17  iiiilc.f  N.E. 
of  Macomb.  It  has  a  newspaper  oQice,  a  national  bank,  5 
churches,  a  large  nursery,  and  a  carriage-factory.  Pop. 
1078;  of  the  township,  1045.     See  also  MA.ioniTY  Point. 

Prairie  City,  a  post-office  of  the  Cherokee  Nation, 
Indian  Territory,  on  tne  St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  Rail- 
road, 21  miles  E.N.E.  of  Vinita. 

Prairie  City,  a  post-village  in  Des  Moines  township, 
Jasper  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Keokuk  A  Des  Moines  Railroad, 
24  miles  E.  of  Des  Moines  City.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  1  or  2  banks.  Coal  is  found  near  thit 
place.     Pop.  in  1890,  684. 

Prairie  City,  a  post-village  in  Palmyra  township, 
Douglas  CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Leavenworth,  Lawrence  & 
Galveston  Railroad,  16  miles  S.  of  Laurence.  It  has  a 
church. 

Prairie  City,  a  post-village  in  Prairie  City  township. 
Bates  CO.,  Mo.,  near  the  Osage  River,  and  near  the  Mis- 
souri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  about  65  miles  S.W.  of 
Sedalia.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1786. 

Prairie  City,  a  post-village  of  Grant  co.,  Oregon,  on 
John  Day's  River,  15  miles  E.  of  Canyon  City.  It  has 
saw-mills  and  a  gold-mine. 

Prairie  Creelf,  Indiana,  runs  nearly  southwcstward  i 
through  Daviess  co.,  and  enters  the  West  Fork  of  White 
River  3  or  4  miles  W.  of  Washington.  ' 

Prairie  Creeli,  Iowa,  rises  in  Benton  co.,  runs  cast- ; 
ward,  and  enters  the  Cedar  River  in  Linn  co.,  about  3  miles  : 
below  Cedar  Rapids. 

Prairie  Creelt,  township,  Logan  co..  111.    Pop.  1164. 

Prairie  Crcelc,  a  post-hamlet  in  Prairie  Creek  town- 
ship, Vigo  CO.,  Ind.,  15  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Terre  Haute. 
The  township  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Wabash  River, 
contains  2  churches,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1236.  I 

Prairie  CreeJi,  a  post-township  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa 
Pop.  998. 

Prairie  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Merrick  co.,  Xcb. 

Prairie  Creelt,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  Oregon. 

Prairie  Depot,  Wood  co.,  0.    See  Fukeport. 

Prairie  Dog  Creelt  rises  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Kan- 
sas, runs  northeastward  into  Nebraska,  and  enters  the  Re- 
publican River  in  Harlan  co.     Length,  125  miles. 

Prairie  du  Chien,  pra'ree  du  sheen,  a  city,  capital 
of  Crawford  co..  Wis.,  is  in  a  township  of  its  own  name,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  3  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  Wi."- 
consin  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
Railroad  (which  here  crosses  the  river),  about  70  miles 
above  Dubuque,  and  98  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Madison.  It 
is  finely  situated  on  a  level  plain  about  7  miles  long  and  1 
or  2  miles  wide,  and  contains  6  churches,  St.  John's  Col- 
lege (Catholic),  2  newspaper  oflBces,  a  bank,  a  high  school, 
a  machine-shop,  a  flouring-miJI,  a  large  saw-mill,  an  oil- 
mill,  and  2  plough-factories.  Here  is  an  artesian  well  900 
feet  deep.     P.  (1890)  3131;  of  township,  additional,  6t)2. 

Prairie  du  Long,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  111. 
Pop.  1146.     It  contains  Freedom. 

Prairie  du  Rocher,  pra'rce  du  ro'shair',  a  post-vil- 
lage of  Randolph  co..  111.,  about  32  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Belleville,  and  3  miles  from  the  Mississippi  River.  It  has 
a  church,  a  newspaper  office,  and  several  schools. 

Prairie  du  Sac,  a  post-village  in  Prairie  du  Sao 
township,  Sauk  co.,  AVia.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Wisconsin 
River,  about  25  miles  N.W.  of  Madison,  and  14  miles  S.  of 
Baraboo.  It  has  a  graded  school,  3  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  ploughs,  wagons,  and  tombstones.  Pop.  in  1890, 
562;  of  the  township,  exclusive  of  Sauk  City,  618. 

Prairie  Farm,  a  post-office  of  Brookings  co.,  S.D. 

Prairie  Farm,  a  post-village  of  Barron  co..  Wis.,  on 
Hay  River,  about  40  miles  N.W.  of  Eau  Claire.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1047. 


PRA 


2217 


PR  A 


prairie  Fork,  a  post-offico  of  Montgomery  co.,  Mo. 

Prairie  Green,  a  township  of  Iroquois  co.,  111.    P.  962. 

Prairie  Grove,  a  post-yillage  of  Washington  co., 
A'k.,  46  miles  N.  of  Van  Buren.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
seminary  for  both  sexes,  a  newspaper  office,  and  several 
stores  and  other  business  concerns.     Pop.  500. 

Prairie  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarke  co.,  Iowa, 
about  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Des  Moines.     Pop.  about  100. 

Prairie  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas. 

Prairie  Grove,  a  post-ofiSoe  of  Limestone  co.,  Tex. 

Prairie  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Boone  co.,  Iowa,  about  11 
miles  S.  of  Boone. 

Prairie  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chariton  co.,  Mo.,  about 
20  miles  W.  of  Mobcrly.     It  has  2  churches. 

Prairie  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Platte  co.,  Neb. 

Prairie  Hill,  a  post-offico  of  Hunt  co.,  Tex. 

Prairie  Home,  a  post-hamlet  in  Penn  township, 
Shelby  co..  111.,  about  17  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Decatur.  It  has 
a  church. 

Prairie  Home,  a  post-hamlet  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas, 
f)  miles  E.  of  Belleville.     See  also  Silkville. 

Prairie  Home,  a  post-office  of  Cooper  co.,  Mo.,  15 
miles  S.E.  of  Boonville. 

Prairie  Home,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co.,  Neb. 

Prairie  Land'ing,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  parish.  La. 

*^rairie  Lea,  a  post-village  of  Caldwell  co.,  Tex.,  on 
tae  San  Marcos  River,  about  42  miles  S.  of  Austin. 

Prairie  Plains,  a  post-office  of  Coffee  co.,  Tenn. 

Prairie  Plains,  a  village  of  Grimes  co.,  Tex.,  about 
68  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Houston,  and  20  miles  W.  by  S.  of 
Iluntsville.     Pop.  642. 

Prairie  Point,  a  post-office  of  Noxubee  co.,  Miss. 

Prairie  Point,  Anderson  co.,  Tex.    See  Douglas. 

Prairie  River,  Michigan,  rises  in  Branch  co.,  runs 
westward  in  St.  Joseph  co.,  and  enters  the  St.  Joseph  River 
about  5  miles  W.  of  Centrcville. 

Prairie  River,  Wisconsin,  runs  southwestward  in 
Lincoln  co.,  and  enters  the  Wisconsin  River  about  16  miles 
N.  of  Wausau. 

Prairie  Ronde,  a  township  of  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich. 
Pop.  1163. 

Prairie  Spring,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  1045. 

Prairie  Star,  a  post-office  of  Thayer  co.,  Neb. 

Prairie  Station,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co..  Miss.,  on 
the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  AVest  Point. 

Prairieton,  pra're-tpn,  a  post-village  in  Prairieton 
township,  Vigo  co.,  Ind.,  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Terre  Haute. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  flour-mill.  The 
township  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Wabash  River. 
.  Pop.  of  village,  about  300 ;  of  the  township,  955. 

Prairie  Town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co..  111., 
»bout  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Alton.     It  has  a  church. 

Prairie  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hill  co.,  Tex.,  28 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Waco.     It  has  a  church  and  a  steam  mill. 

Prairie  View,  a  post-hamlet  of  Logan  co.,  Ark.,  7 
miles  from  Spadra  Station.  It  has  2  or  3  churches.  Pop. 
about  100. 

Prairieville,  pra're-vll,  post-office,  Arkansas  co.,  Ark. 

Prairieville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Palmyra  township,  Lee 
CO.,  111.,  5i  miles  N.E.  of  Sterling.     It  has  a  church. 

Prairieville,  a  hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.,  about  18 
miles  S.E.  of  Lafayette. 

Prairieville,  a  hamlet  of  Decatur  co.,  Iowa,  in  Long 
Creek  township,  12  miles  N.  of  Leon.  It  has  3  churches 
md  a  high  school.     Pop.  about  125. 

Prairieville,  a  post-vill.ige  in  Prairieville  township, 
Barry  co.,  Mich.,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Kalamazoo,  and  12 
lilies  E.  of  Plainwell.     Pop.  of  township,  1168. 

Prairieville,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Minn.     P.  388. 

Prairieville,  a  post-office  of  Coahoma  co.,  Miss. 

Prairieville,  a  post-village  of  Pike  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
;t.  Louis,  Hannibal  &  Keokuk  Railroad,  15  miles  S.E.  of 
fowling  Green.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  masonic  hall. 

Prairieville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kaufman  co.,  Tex., 
bout  50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Dallas.     It  has  a  church. 

Pralboino,  pril-bo-ee'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
f  Brescia,  7  miles  S.  of  Leno,  on  the  Mella.     Pop.  2838. 

Pralognan-Palay,  pri'lon'y6is»'-pi'li',  a  village 
f  Prance,  in  Savoy,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Moutiers.    Pop.  1043. 

Pralormo,  pri-loR'mo,  a  village  of  Italy,  18  miles 
•S.E.  of  Turin.     Pop.  of  commune,  1507. 

Prantej,  a  town  of  India.    See  Parrauntage. 

Prascorsano,   pris-kon-s4'no,   a    village    of    Italy, 

rovince  of  Turin,  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ivrea.  Pop.  1012. 
.  Praslin,  pris'leen',  an  island  of  the  Indian  Ocean,  one 

■  the  Seychelles.  Lat.  4°  17'  16"  S.;  Ion.  55°  44'  15"  E. 
140 


Prftstoe,  a  town  of  Denmark.    See  Pr.€stoe. 

Prata,  pri'ti,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Avellino, 
5  miles  S.  of  Montefusco.     Pop.  2592. 

Prata,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta,  W.N.W*  of 
Piedimonte.     Pop.  1926. 

Pratabghur,  or  Pratabgarh.    See  Pertaubghur. 

Pratas,  pri'tis,  a  cluster  of  islands,  shoals,  and  rocka 
in  the  China  Sea.     Lat.  23°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  116°  45'  E. 

Pra'ther,  a  post-hamlet  in  Utica  township,  Clarke  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  railroad  between  Charlestown  and  Jefferson- 
ville,  at  Gibson  Station.  It  has  a  manufactory  of  farming- 
implements. 

Prather's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.C. 

Prathersville,  pr4'th?rs-vil,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co., 
Mo.,  5  miles  N.  of  Missouri  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  several  stores. 

Prato,  pri'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Florence,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Arno.  Pop.  12,897. 
It  is  enclosed  by  walls  and  ditches,  and  has  a  noble  square,  a 
cathedral  of  marble,  hospitals  and  asylums,  a  college,  an  an- 
cient palace,  now  a  prison,  2  workhouses,  a  theatre,  manu- 
factures of  straw  plait,  woollen  cloth,  silk  thread,  hats,  and 
soivp,  with  tanneries  and  extensive  copper-works. 

Prato  Vecchio,pr4'to  v§k'ke-o,  a  village  of  Italy,  24 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Florence,  on  the  Arno.  It  is  enclosed  by 
walls.     Pop.  4680. 

Prats  de  Llusanes,  prits  di  loo-si'ngs,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Catalonia,  province  and  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bar- 
celona.    Pop.  2044. 

Prats  de  Mollo,  pr4  d?h  moPlo',  a  fortified  town  of 
France,  in  Pyr§n6es-0rientales,  on  the  Tech,  14  miles  S.AV. 
of  Ceret.     Pop.  1320. 

Pratt,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an  area 
of  720  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Ninnescah  River. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level  and  almost  destitute  of  forests. 
Capital,  Pratt.     Pop.  in  1880,  1890;  in  1890,  8118. 

Pratt,  a  hamlet  of  Whiteside  co.,  III.,  21  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Sterling. 

Pratt,  a  post-town,  the  capital  of  Pratt  co.,  Kansas,  80 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  AVichita.  It  has  several  churches,  2 
banking-houses,  4  newspaper  offices,  &o.   Pop.  in  1890, 1418. 

Pratt,  Shelby  co.,  0.     See  Port  Jkffersov. 

Pratteln,  prdt't^ln,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  6  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Basel,     Pop.  1613. 

Pratt'ham,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y,,  in 
Mexico  township,  H  miles  from  Union  Square,  and  2  miles 
E.  of  Mexico.     It  has  a  church  and  20  families. 

Pratts'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Talbot  co.,  Ga.,  9  miles 
N.  of  Howard  Station.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 

Prattsburg,  a  post-village  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Prattsburg  township,  about  42  miles  N.N.W.  of  Elmira. 
and  14  miles  N.  of  Bath.  It  contains  3  churches,  an  acad- 
emy, a  banking-house,  a  flouring-mill,  a  foundry,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  639  ;  of  the  township,  2523. 

Pratt's  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Athens  co.,  0. 

Pratt's  Hol'low,  a  post-village  in  Eaton  township, 
Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  &  Oswego  Midland 
Railroad,  13i  miles  S.  of  Oneida.  It  has  a  church,  a 
cheese-factory,  a  grist-mill,  and  about  35  houses. 

Pratt's  Junction,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sterling  town- 
ship, Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  at  the  junction  of  two  branches 
of  the  Boston,  Clinton  <fc  Fitchburg  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  by 
E.  of  Fitchburg.  It  has  a  chair- factory,  a  grist-mill,  and 
a  saw-mill. 

Pratts'ville,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co..  Ark. 

Prattsville,  a  beautiful  post-village  of  Greene  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Prattsville  township,  on  Schoharie  Creek,  about 
46  miles  S.W.  of  Albany.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  an  academy,  a  cotton-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  hats. 
Pop.  489;  of  the  township,  1123. 

Prattsville,  a  post-office  of  Vinton  co.,  0. 

Pratt'ville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Autauga  co.,  Ala., 
on  a  small  affluent  of  the  Alabama  River,  about  15  miles 
N.W.  of  Montgomery.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  an  academy,  and  manufactures  of  cotton  and  woollen 
goods  and  of  sash  and  blinds.     Pop.  in  1890,  724. 

Prattville,  a  post-hamlet  and  summer  resort  of  Plumas 
CO.,  Cal.,  in  the  Big  Meadows,  a  valley  of  the  Sierra  Ne- 
vada, 65  miles  N.E.  of  Chico.  It  is  about  5000  feet  above 
the  sea-level,  and  is  surrounded  by  attractive  scenery  and 
numerous  geysers.     It  has  a  hotel  and  a  church. 

Prattville,  a  post-hamlet'of  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.,  3 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Hudson. 

Prattville,  a  village  of  Sevier  co.,  Utah,  86  miles  from 
York.     It  has  a  church.  •(»pi 

Prausnitz,  prowss'nits,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesio   ' 
miles  W.N.AV.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  2103. 


PRA 


2218 


PRE 


Pranst,  prSwst,  a  village  of  Prussia,  6  miles  S.  of 
Dantxio.     Pop.  179-1. 

Pravadi,  pr&'v&-dee\  a  town  of  Bulgaria,  28  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Shoomla,  on  the  river  Pravaili. 
Praya,  Porto,  Capo  Vord.    See  Pokto  Pray  a. 

PrayssaCf  pr&s's&k  ,  a  town  of  France,  in  Lot,  13  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Cahors.     Pop.  2074. 

Prayssas,  pr^'sil',  a  town  of  France,  in  Lot-et-Oa- 
ronne,  8  milos  N.W.  of  Agen.     Pop.  1609. 

Prazzo,  pr&t'so,  a  village  of  Italy,  24  mile*  W.  of 
Coni,  oil  tlio  Magra. 

Prcacli'crsville,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Ky. 

Preanger,  pr&^&ng'h^r,  a  Dutch  residency  of  Java,  in 
the  S.W.  part  of  the  island.  Coffee,  tea,  and  cinchona  are 
leading  products.     Pop.  1,247,717. 

Prease,  prces,  a  post-otfico  of  Bedford  co.,  Va. 

Preble,  preb'^l,  a  southwestern  county  of  Ohio,  borders 
on  Indiana.  Area,  about  432  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  Elk,  Seven  Mile,  and  Twin  Creeks.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating or  nearly  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests,  in  which  the  ash,  beech,  buckeye,  elm,  hickory, 
white  oak,  and  sugar-maple  abound.  The  soil  is  calcareous 
and  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  cattle,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  has  quarries  of  good 
Silurian  limestone.  The  blue  and  Niagara  limestones  both 
crop  out  here.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Pittsburg,  Cincin- 
nati, Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railroad  and  the  Cincinnati, 
Jackson  &  Mackinaw  Railroad.  Capital,  Eaton.  Pop.  in 
1870,  21,809;  in  1880,  24,533;  in  1890,  23,421. 

Preble,  a  township  of  Adams  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  996. 

Preble,  post-township,  Fillmore  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  888. 

Preble,  or  Preble  Corners,  a  post-village  in  Preble 
township,  Cortland  co.,  N.Y.,  in  a  beautiful  valley  on  the 
Syracuse,  Binghamton  A  Now  York  Railroad,  7  miles  N. 
of  Uomer,  and  26  miles  S.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  195 ;  of  township,  1089.     Here  is  Preble  Post-Office. 

Preble,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  1108. 

Precheur,  prd-shuR',  a  town  of  Martinique,  on  its  W. 
coast,  4h  miles  N.W.  of  Saint-Pierre.     Pop.  3735, 

Pr6cigne,  pri^seeR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Sarthe,  12 
miles  W.N.W.  of  La  Fldche.     Pop.  1380. 

Pre-emp'tion,  a  post- village  in  Pre-emption  town- 
ship, Mercer  co.,  111.,  on  the  Rock  Island  &  Mercer  County 
Railroad,  21  miles  S.  of  Rock  Island.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  about  150;  of  the  township,  1161. 

Preez,  pri'fits,  or  Poretz,  po'rSts,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
in  Holstein,  8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Kiel.  Pop.  4808.  It  has  a 
seminary  for  ladies,  a  female  orphan  asylum,  and  a  library. 

Pregel,  pri'gh^I,  a  river  of  East  Prussia,  formed  by 
the  union  of  the  Angerap  and  Inster,  flows  W.,  and  enters 
the  Frischo-Haff  at  its  N.E.  extremity.     Length,  120  miles. 

Preignac,  prin^yik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gironde,  21 
miles  S.E.  of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  1502. 

Prekop,  a  town  of  Servia.     See  OnKrB. 

Prelautsch,  pri'lSwtch,  or  Prelaucy,  pri-lSwt'see, 
a  town  of  Bohemia,  14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chrudim,  on  the 
Elbe.     Pop.  2718. 

Prelok,  the  Slavonian  name  of  Perlak. 

Premeira,  pri-mi'e-r4,  a  group  of  rooks  on  the  Mala- 
bar coast.    Lat.  13°  11'  N.;  Ion.  74°  38'  E. 

Premeira  Islands,  the  southernmost  of  the  long 
chain  of  islands  extending  along  Angosta,  East  Africa,  and 
Mozambique  Channel,  about  lat.  17°  S.,  Ion.  39°  50'  E. 

Pr6mery,  pri'm§h-ree',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nifivre, 
15  miles  N.E.  of  Nevers.     Pop.  1242. 

Premisiia,  a  town  of  Galicia.    See  Przemysl. 

Prcmiti,  pr5m'e-tee\  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Epirus,  55  miles  E.S.E.  of  Avlona,  on  the  Voyussa. 

Prendibles,  pren'd^-b'lx,  a  station  on  the  Alleghany 
Valley  Railroad,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Brookville,  Pa. 

Pren'tice,  a  post-village  of  Morgan  co.,  III.,  on  the 
Chicago  A  Alton  Railroad,  12i  miles  N.E.  of  Jacksonville. 

Prentice,  a  station  in  Venango  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Alle- 
ghany Valley  Railroad,  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Oil  City, 

Pren'tis'  Bay,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mackinac  co.,  Mich., 
on  Lake  Huron,  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mackinac  village.  It 
has  a  large  lumber-mill.     Pop.  about  100. 

Pren'tiss,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Mississippi,  has 
an  area  of  about  415  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Tombigbee  and  Big  Hatchie  Rivers,  which  rise  in  it.  The 
surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  mostly  covered 
■with  forests  of  the  oak,  hickory,  beech,  magnolia,  tulip-tree, 
black  walnut,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton, 
Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
is  intersected  by  the  Mobile  A  Ohio  Railroad,  which  con- 
\lJect8  with  Booneville,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  9348;  in 
^S80,  12,158;  in  1890,  13,679. 


Prcntias,  a  post-hnmlet  of  Ohio  co.,  Ky.,  about  li; 
miles  H.  of  Hartford.     It  has  a  saw-mill  and  generiil  stoiex. 

Prentiss,  a  township  of  Penobscot  oo.,  Me.,  70  uiilei 
N.E.  of  Bangor.     Pop.  401. 

Prentiss  Vale,  a  post-office  of  McKean  co..  Pa.,  about 
10  miles  S.  of  Olean,  N.Y. 

Preny,  prd'nce,  or  Prenn,  prinn,  a  town  of  PoUnd, 
government  of  Suvalkl,  on  the  Memel,  27  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Mariainpol.     Pop.  3090. 

Prenzlow,  prints'lov,  or  Prenzlau,  prSnts'lSw,  n 
town  of  Prussia,  province  of  Brandenburg,  71  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Potsdam,  on  the  Ucker.  Pop.  15,006.  It  has  schooui 
hospitals,  a  valuable  public  library,  manufactures  of  linensj 
woollens,  and  tobacco,  breweries,  tanneries,  and  a  trade  in 
corn  and  cattle. 

Prep'aris^  Isles,  a  group  in  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  about 
midway  between  the  Andaman  Islands  and  Cape  Negrais 
Lat.  14°  60'  N. ;  Ion.  93°  25'  E. 

Prepol,  a  town  of  Bosnia.    See  Priepol. 

Prerau,  pri'r3w,  or  Przerow,  p«hi'rov,  a  town  of 
Moravia,  15  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Olmutz.     Pop.  7000. 

Presba,  prds'bl,  a  small  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Roumelia,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Ochrida,  on  the  W.  side  of  the 
Lake  of  Presba,  which  is  7  miles  in  length. 

Prcs'burg,  or  Press'burg  (Ger.  pron.  prSs'bCSno; 
Hun.  Poztony,  po'shoR';  anc.  Poto'nium),  a  town  and  the 
former  capital  of  Hungary,  capital  of  a  county  of  its  own 
name,  on  the  Danube,  34  miles  E.S.E.  of  Vienna,  at  a  rail- 
way junction.  Pop.  46,540.  The  principal  structures  are 
a  ruined  castle,  on  a  height  above  th«  town,  burnt  by  tbo 
French  in  1811,  the  hall  of  the  diet,  a  Gothic  cathedral,  in 
which  the  kings  of  Hungary  were  crowned,  the  county  hall, 
a  German  theatre,  barracks,  museum,  and  archbishop's 
palace.  It  has  a  Roman  Catholic  academy,  a  Calvinist 
college,  a  Roman  Catholic  high  college  and  seminary,  a  col- 
lege  for  poor  students,  several  hos]>itals,  and  many  Jew- 
ish charitable  institutions.  The  principal  manufactures  are 
silk  and  woollen  goods,  nitre,  rosoglio,  tobacco,  and  leather. 

Pres^byte'rian  Ford,  a  station  in  Delaware  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Philadelphia  A  Baltimore  Central  Railroad,  19  miles 
S.W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Pres'cot,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  8  miles  | 
by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Liverpool.    Pop.  5990,  employed  in  watch- 
making, cotton-  and  flax-mills,  potteries,  and  collieries. 

Pres'cott,  a  post-village,  the  capital  of  Yava])ai  co., 
Arizona,  is   picturesquely   situated  in   a  basin   or  vnlley  I 
among  the  Pine  Mountains,  about  190  miles  N.N.W.  of  Tuc- 
son.    These  mountains  are  about  6500  feet  above  the  sea-  i 
level.     Prescott  is  one  of  the  most  important  places  in  Ari-  ; 
zona.     It  has  1  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers,  2  churches, 
1  public  school,  and  2  saw-mills.    Gold  and  silver  are  found 
near  this  place.     It  has  numerous  stores,  a  court-house,  , 
a  jail,  and  a  fine  plaza.     It  does  a  large  business  in  lum- 
ber, wool,  and  bullion.     Pop.  in  1880,  1836;  in  1890,  1759. 

Prescott,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Nevada  co.,  Ark.,  ' 
on  the  Cairo  A  Fulton  Railroad,  31  miles  S.W.  of  Arka- 
delphia.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  newspaper  office.    Pop. 
in  1890,  1287.  ] 

Prescott,  a  post-bamlet  of  Shelby  oo.,  Ind.,  on  tb«  | 
Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  A  Lafayette  Railroad,  4J  miles  ' 
S.E.  of  Shelbyville. 

Prescott,  a  post-village  in  Prescott  township,  Adams 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Burlington  A  Missouri  River  Railroad,  7 
miles  E.  of  Corning.     Pop.  of  township,  891.  \ 

Prescott,  a  post-village  of  Linn  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  j 
Missouri  River,  Fort  Scott  A  Gulf  Railroad,  16  miles  N.  | 
of  Fort  Scott.     It  has  a  church.     Coal  is  mined  here.  | 

Prescott,  a  post-township  of  Hampshire  co.,  Mass., 
about  28  miles  N.N.E.  of  Springfield.     Pop.  493. 

Prescott,  a  township  of  Faribault  co.,  Minn.    P.  543. 

Prescott,  a  post-village  of  Lebanon  co.,  Pa.,  in  South 
Lebanon  township,  on  the  Lebanon  Valley  Railroad,  24  J 
miles  W.  of  Reading.     Pop.  about  200. 

Prescott,  a  post-village  of  Pierce  co..  Wis.,  is  on  the 
left  or  N.E.  l>ank  of  the  Mississippi  River,  just  below  the 
mouth  of  the  St.  Croix,  3  miles  below  Hastings,  Minn.,  and 
about  16  miles  S.  of  Hudson.  It  contains  a  newspaper 
office  and  several  churches  .ind  mills.     Pop.  911. 

Pres'cott,  a  county  of  Ontario,  comprises  an  area  of 
about  500  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  by  the  Ottawa  River 
on  the  N,     Capital,  L'Orignal.     Pop.  17,647. 

Prescott,  a  town  and  port  of  entry  of  Ontario,  co.  of 
Grenville,  on  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  at  the  S.  terminus  of 
the  St.  Lawrence  A  Ottawa  Railway,  and  on  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railway,  114  miles  W.  of  Montreal,  and  54  miles  S. 
of  Ottawa,  It  has  a  branch  bank,  4  churches,  about  50 
stores,  2   iron-foundries,  3   breweries,  a  distillery,  and  » 


PRE 


2219 


PRE 


newspaper  office.     Fort  'Wellington  is  near  Prcscott,  and 
OgJcnsburg,  N.Y.,  lies  immediately  opposite.     Pop.  2617. 
rreseglie,  pr4-sAryi,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and 
12  miles  N.E.  of  Brescia.     Pop.  1235. 

rrcserva'tion  Har'bor,  a  fine  bay  of  New  Zealand, 
near  the  S.W.  extremity  of  South  Island.  Lat.  46°  S  :  Ion 
166°  30'  E. 

President,  prez'I-d?nt,  a  post-village  in  President 
township,  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Alleghany  River,  and 
on  the  Pittsburg,  Titusvillo  &  Buffalo  Railroad,  13  miles  E. 
by  N.  of  Oil  City.  It  has  2  churches,  a  steam  saw-mill,' 
and  manufactures  of  staves.     Pop.  of  the  township,  61S 

Presidio,  pri-see'de-o,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of 
Toxas,  bordering  on  Mexico,  has  an  area  of  3470  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Rio  Pecos,  and  on 
the  S.  and  S.W.  by  the  Rio  Grande.  The  surfiice  is  partly 
mountainous.  The  soil  is  mostly  sterile.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Marfa  Pod 
in  KS70,  1636;  in  1880,  2873;  in  1890,  1698.  '         *' 

Presidio,  a  post-village  of  Presidio  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Ilio  Grande.  It  has  a  custom-house  and  3  stores 
Presidio  del  Norte,  Mexico.  See  Ojixaga 
Presidio  de  Sfto  Jofto  Baptista,  pri-see'de-o 
di  SOWN"  zhowN»  bip-tis'ta,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Minas-Geraes,  110  miles  E.S.E.  of  Ouro  Preto  Pon  nf 
the  district,  4000,  ^' 

Prcsles,  prail,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Ilainaut  36 
miles  E.  of  Mons.  It  is  supposed  to  bo  the  locality  where 
Julius  Caesar  (b.c.  57)  defeated  the  Ncrvii.  Pop  790 
_  Presque  Isle,  prSsk^ecl'  {i.e.,  "peninsula"),  a  county 
in  the  N.E.  part  of  Michigan,  has  an  area  of  about  715 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  Lake  Huron 
The  surface  is  nearly  level.  Grand  Lake,  and  parts  of 
Cheboygan  Lake  and  Long  Lake  are  in  this  county  Can- 
ital,  Rogers  City.     Pop.  in  18S0,  3113  ;  in  1890,  4687 

1  resque  Isle,  a  post-village  in  Presque  Isle  township, 
Aroostook  co.,  Me.,  near  the  Aroostook  River,  42  miles  N 
by  W.  of  Houlton.  It  contains  3  churches,  the  Presque  Isle 
Academy,  a  newspaper  office,  a  starch-factory,  and  several 
Baw-mills. 

Presque  Isle,  a  hamlet  of  Presque  Isle  co.,  Mich. 
20  miles  S.E.  of  Rogers  City.   It  has  a  good  harbor  on  Lake 
Huron,  and  a  range-light. 
Presque  Isle,  Pennsylvania.    See  Erie. 
Presque  Isle  River,  a  small  stream  of  Ontonagon 
CO.,  Mich.,  runs  N.N.W.  and  enters  Lake  Superior. 
Presqu'ile,  Ontario.    See  Sarawak. 
Pressath,  prds'slt,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  20  miles  S.E 
of  Baireuth.     Pop.  1867. 
Pressburg,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Presbcrg. 
Presteign,  prfisHin',  a  town  of  England  and  AVales, 
COS.  ol  Hereford  and  Radnor,  on  the  Lugg,  12  miles  W  N  W 
of  Leominster.     Pop.  1910.     It  has  an  endowed  school,  a 
3ounty  sessi«ns-house,  a  jail,  and  a  house  of  correction      It 
unites  with  Radnor  in  sending  a  member  to  Parliament. 

1  res'ton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  28 
miles  N.E.  of  Liverpool,  on  the  Ribble,  near  the  head  of 
us  estuary,  and  on  several  railways.  The  principal  streets, 
tnougU  irregularly  formed,  are  spacious,  and  provided  with 
siae-parapets.  The  houses  are  substantially  built,  and  the 
town  13  well  lighted.  The  environs  exhibit  much  pleasin- 
scenery,  are  adorned  with  villas,  and  furnish  several  fine 
public  walks.  The  ecclesiastical  edifices  include  Christ 
church,  admired  for  the  purity  of  its  Norman  style:  and 
tue  parish  church  is  rebuilt  in  the  decorated  style  of  the 
lourteenth  century.  The  other  more  important  buildin-s 
are  the  town  hall,  a  handsome  edifice,  the  court-housl 
the  house  of  correction,  the  custom-house,  corn  exchan  re 
extensive  barracks,  workhouse,  theatre,  assembly-rooms' 
two  bridges,  one  of  them  a  handsome  structure,  and  a  uiasr- 
nilicent  railway  viaduct. 

The  scholastic  and  literary  establishments  include  a  free 
grammar-school,  occupying  a  spacious  stone  structure ;  the 
blue-coat,  commercial,  or  middle,  and  various  national 
eeiiools;  the  Literary  Institution,  occupying  an  elegant 
building,  with  a  library  and  museum;  the  Mechanics' In- 
siitute,  one  of  the  greatest  ornaments  of  the  place ;  and 
various  public  libraries.  ^        ' 

^  The  original  staple  manufacture  of  the  town  was  linen. 

luT,  '^t  }u^?''V  *"  '°"^  ^^'«°^'  ''"t  Ills  been  completely 
eclipsed  by  that  of  cotton,  first  introduced  in  1777.  There 
fnnn?  •  "l^'^'^'P^  °"  *"  extensive  scale,  iron-  and  brass- 
mindries,  breweries  and  malting-establishments,  roperies, 
ST'  i''-  ^^^  '™'^*'  ^s  SrcaUy  facilitated  by  the  river 
vhich  has  been  rendered  navigable  for  vessels  of  300  tons 
.r«  tlT  Y'^-fys,  where  extensive  warehouses  have  been 
we, ted;  and  also  by  extensive  railway  communication,  by 


which  the  town  has  been  brought  into  immediate  connea 
tion  with  the  most  important  inland  localities. 

Preston  is  said  to  have  risen  on  the  decay  of  Ribchester 
the  Roman  Rigodunum,  11  miles  farther  up  the  river  Its 
name,  originally  Priests'  Town,  it  owed  to  the  number  of 
religious  houses  which  it  contained.  Pop.  in  1891, 107,573. 
Pres'ton,  a  northern  county  of  West  Virginia,  borders* 
on  Pennsylvania.  Area,  about  709  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  Cheat  River,  which  here  runs  S.E.  and  S.  The 
surface  is  diversified  with  mountain-ridges,  fertile  valleys, 
and  extensive  forests  of  oak,  poplar,  Ac.  Indian  corn,  hay, 
oats,  iind  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  Bituminous  coal 
and  limestone  are  abundant  in  this  county.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Baltimore  <fe  Ohio  Railroad  and  the  Tunnel- 
ton,  Kingwood  &  Fairchance  Railroad.  Capital,  Kino-wood. 
Pop.  in  1870,  14,555;  in  1880,  19,091  ;  in  1890,  20,355. 

rreston,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Summit  co., 
U)I.,  84  miles  W.  of  Morrison,  and  about  9000  feet  above 
the  sea-level.     Here  are  rich  placer-mines  of  gold. 

Preston,  a  post-hamlet  in  Preston  township,  New  Lon- 
don CO.,  Conn.,  about  5  miles  E,  of  Norwich.  It  has  2 
churches.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the 
yuinnebaug  River,  and  contains  Poquetanuck.  Pop.  of  tlio 
township  in  1890,  2555.  or  p.  ui  uio 

^,  ^,^?**°"»  ^  post-village,  capital  of  Webster  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Ivinchafoona  Creek,  about  40  miles  S.E.  of  Columbus. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  186. 

Preston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  HI.,  about  30 
miles  S.  of  Belleville. 

Preston,  a  township  of  Richland  co.,  HI.  Pop.  1083. 
.  .  f,!***"'  ^  t-ownship  of  Union  co.,  111.,  on  the  Missis*, 
sippi  River.  Pop.  629.  It  contains  Union  Point,  or  Preston. 
1  rcston,  a  post-village  in  Van  Buren  township,  Jack- 
son CO  Iowa,  on  the  Sabula,  Ackley  &  Dakota  Railroad,  20 
miles  \\  .  of  Sabula.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  2 
or  3  churches,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  about  500. 

Preston,  a  post-village  of  Caroline  co.,  Md.,  about  42 
miles  E.b.E.  of  Annapolis.  It  has  3  churches  and  an 
academy. 

^  Preston,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn 
in  Preston  township,  on  the  South  Branch  of  Hokah  River' 
and  on  a  railroad,  44  miles  W.  of  Caledonia,  and  about  3d 
miles  S.W.  of  Winona.  It  is  3  miles  S.  of  the  Southern 
Minnesota  Railroad.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  graded  school,  a  grist-mill,  a  woollen-mill.  a 
brewery,  and  2  wagon-factories. 

Preston,  a  post-village  in  Preston  township,  Jasper 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  North  Fork  of  Spring  River,  8  miles  N  E 
of  Oronogo.     It  has  an  academy  and  3  churches.     Lead, 
coal,  and  zinc  abound  here.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1174. 
Preston,  a  township  of  Platte  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1692. 
^Jl^,®*""'  a  post-hamlet  in  Preston  township,  Chenano-o 
CO.,  N.Y.,  5  miles  W.  of  Norwich,  and  32  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Binghamton.    It  has  2  churches.    P.  102 ;  of  township,  825. 
Preston,  Hamilton  co.,  0.     See  New  Haven, 
■■P'^x?*^"'  "■  P°-t-to^''"ship  of  Wayne  co..  Pa.,* about  36 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Scranton.     It  contains  numerous  small 
lakes,  and  has  manufactures  of  kather.     Pop.  1400. 
Preston,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Wis.     Pop.* 847. 
Preston,  township,  Trempealeau  co..  Wis.     Pop.  14*64 
Preston,  a  village  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Waterloo,  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Speed  and  Grand  Rivers,  and  on  the  Wel- 
lington, Grey  &  Bruce  Railway,  35  miles  from  Hamilton. 
It  contains  3  churches,  3  breweries,  2  distilleries,  saw-  and 
flour-mills,  and  manufactories  of  agricultural  implements, 
iron  castings,  machinery,  wagons,  wooden-ware,  woollens, 
earthenware,  leather,  Ac,   It  has  excellent  water-power  and 
several  mineral  springs.     Pop.  1408. 

Preston  Blufl",  a  post-office  of  Arkansas  co..  Ark. 
Pres'tonburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Floyd  co 
Ky.,  on  the  West  Fork  of  Big  Sandy   River,   100   miles 
(airect)  E.S.E.  of  Lexington,  and  about  60  miles  S.  of  Iron- 
ton,  0.     It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy.     Pop.  265 
Preston  Cape,  a  headland  of  Northwest  Australia 
Preston  Hollow,  or  Monclova,  a  post-village  of 
Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Rensselaerville  township,  on  Catskill 
Creek,  about  28  miles  S.W.  of  Albany.     It  has  2  churches 
and  a  flour^mili.     Pop.  284. 

Preston  Lake,  a  township  of  Renville  co.,  Minn 
Pop.  134.  ' 

PresHonpans',  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Haddington 
on  the  Firth  of  Forth,  8i  miles  E.  of  Edinbur"-h      P  ]79()' 

Pres'ton  Riv'er,  of  West  Australia,  after  a'N.w! 
course  enters  Leschenault  Bay,  84  miles  S.  of  Perth 

Preston's  Mills,  a  hamlet  in  Sodus  township, *Wii»ni 
CO.,  N.I.,  on  Lake  Ontario,  at  the  mouth  of  Salmon  ''  ^ 
Ij  miles  from  Sodus  Point.     It  has  grist-  and  sa" 


PRE 


2220 


PR! 


Preston  Tan'oery,  »  hamlet  of  Preston  co.,  AV.  Va., 
y  miles  N.  of  Portland.     It  has  a  tannery  and  a  saw-mill. 

Pres'tonville,  a  village  of  Carroll  oo.,  Kj.,  9  miles 
N.W.  of  Kaglo  Station.     Pop.  2;!». 

Prostonvillc,  a  post-hamlot  of  Stokes  oo.,  N.C.,  33 
miles  N.  of  Salem.     It  has  a  tubaooo-faotory  and  2  stores. 

Prest'wich,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Lancaster,  4 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Manchester,  with  cotton-mills.     P.  6S2U. 

Prest'wick,  or  Priest'wick,  a  burgh  of  barony  of 
Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  near  Monkton.     Pop.  12U0. 

Presurap'scot  Falls^  a  hamlet  of  Cumberland  oo.. 
Me.,  in  Falmouth  township,  on  the  Prc8umpscot  River,  1^ 
miles  from  Falmouth  Station.     It  has  a  shoe-fuctory. 

PretOy  prd'to,  a  river  of  Brazil,  in  Minos-Gcraes,  flows 
£.,  and  joins  the  Parahiba  do  Sul.     Length,  150  inilos. 

Preto,  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  Goyuz,  flows  W.N.W., 
and  joins  the  Maranh&o,     Length,  150  miles. 

Preto'ria,  a  town  of  Cupe  Colony,  capital  of  Trans- 
yaal,  90  miles  N.E.  of  Potcbefstrom,  and  3U0  miles  W.  of 
Delagoa  Bay. 

Pret8ch«  prJtoh,  or  Pretzsch,  prCtsh,  a  town  of 
Prussian  Saxony,  43  miles  N.E.  of  Merseburg,  on  the  Elbe. 
Pop.  2093. 

Prettin^  pr8t-tcen',  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  45 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Merseburg,  on  the  Elbe.     Pop.  3480. 

Prettyman,  prit'te-man,  or  llainesvillc,  a  post- 
hamlot  of  Tazewell  co..  III.,  about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Pekin. 

Pretty  (prit'te)  Marsh,  a  post-oBice  of  Hancock  co.. 
Me.,  on  Mount  Desert  Island,  20  miles  S.  of  Ellsworth. 

Pretty  Prairie,  prit'te  pra'reo,  a  post-office  of  Reno 
00.,  Kansas,  20  miles  S.  of  Hutchinson. 

Preuilly,pruh*ee-yee'  or  pruh^eeryee',  town  of  France, 
in  Indre-et-Loire,  19  miles  S.W.  of  Loches.     Pop.  1788. 

PrcHSseu,  a  kingdom  of  Europe.     See  Prussia. 

Prciissisch-IIollaud,  Prussia.    See  HollAiVD. 

PreH'att',  a  post-offico  of  Volusia  co.,  Fla. 

Prevesa,  pri'vi-si,  or  Previsa,  pri-voo'si,  a  fortified 
town  of  European  Turkey,  in  Epirus,  on  the  N.  side  of  the 
entrance  to  the  Gulf  of  Arta,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Arta.  Lat. 
38°  56'  X. ;  Ion.  20°  44'  E.     Pop.  7000. 

Prez-en-Pail,  priz-ftKo-pil,  a  market-town  of  France, 
department  and  21  miles  N.E.  of  Mayenne.     Pop.  1209. 

Prezerow,  a  town  of  Moravia.    See  Pbeuau. 

Pri'am,  a  post-offico  of  Blackford  oo.,  Ind.,  about  46 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Fort  Wayne. 

Priaman,pre-i-m4n',  a  maritime  town  of  Sumatra,  on 
lis  W.  coast,  20  miles  N.  of  Padang. 

Pribylov,  Pribylow,  pre-be-lov',  or  Pribyloff' 
Islaiid$<,  a  group  of  islands  in  Alaska,  in  Bebring  Sea, 
lat.  57°  N.,  Ion.  170°  W.,  and  consisting  of  the  islands  of 
St.  Paul,  St.  George,  Walrus,  and  Beaver  Island,  with 
several  islets.  They  abound  with  sea-bear,  otter,  blue-fox, 
and  fur  seal.   The  natives  are  of  Aleutian  race.    Pop.  337. 

Price,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Mis- 
souri Pacific  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Price,  a  post-office  of  Mercer  co.,  0. 

Price,  a  township  of  Monroe  co..  Pa.     Pop.  259. 

Price's,  a  post-office  of  Pickens  co.,  S.C. 

Price's  Branch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.. 
Mo.,  about  55  miles  E.N.E.  of  Jeflcrson  City.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Price's  I-'orks,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Va., 
on  or  near  New  River,  4  miles  N.of  Vicar's  Switch  Station. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Price's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  S.C. 

Price's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Queen  Anne  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Queen  Anne  &  Kent  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Centre- 
ville. 

Price's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.C., 
24  miles  N.W.  of  Reidsville.     It  has  a  church. 

Price'town,  a  post-hamlot  in  Salem  township.  High- 
land CO.,  0.,  about  40  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has 
2  churches.     Pop.  117. 

Pricetown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Reading.     It  has  a  tannery  and  a  flour-mill. 

Price'ville,  a  post-village  in  Grey  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
Saugeen  River,  4  miles  from  Flesherton.     Pop.  300. 

Prich'ard,  a  post-office  of  Baker  co.,  Oregon. 

Pridemore,  prid'mor,  a  post-office  of  Lee  co.,  Va. 

Pride's  Crossing,  a  village  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  on 
the  Eastern  Railroad  (Gloucester  Branch),  5  miles  N.E.  of 
Salem.     It  is  on  the  sea-coast,  and  has  many  fine  residences. 

Pride's  Station,  a  post-offico  of  Colbert  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Tennessee  River,  and  on  the  Memphis  <t  Charleston  Rail- 
road, 7  miles  W.  of  Tusoumbia. 

Priebiis,  prco'boos,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  57  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Liegnitz,  on  the  Neisse.     Pop.  1235. 


Priego,  pre-4'go,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  38 
miles  S.E.  of  Cordova,  in  the  Sierra  de  Priego.  Pop.  8502. 
It  has  manufactures  of  silk,  wine,  and  oil. 

Priego,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  24  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Cuonca.     Pop.  1796. 

Priepol,  pro-A'nol,  or  Prepol,  pri'pol,  a  town  of 
Bonnia,  50  miles  W.N.W.  of  Novi-Bazar.     Pop.  2000. 

Prilooki,  Prilouki,  or  Prilnki,  pre-loo'kco,  a  town 
of  Russia,  government  and  123  miles  N.W.  of  Poltava 
Pop.  12,878. 

Primcro,  pre-mi'ro,  a  river  of  the  Argentine  Rcpublio, 
rises  N.W.  of  Cordova,  and,  after  a  courfe  of  about  130 
miles,  is  lost  in  a  marshy  lake. 

Prim'ghar,  a  post-village,  capital  of  O'Brien  co.,  Iowa, 
25  miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Cherokee.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufivo- 
tures  of  lumber.  It  is  in  an  agricultural  and  grazing  dis- 
trict.    Pop.  619. 

Primislau,  prim'is-15w,  or  Przibislaw,  pihe-bo- 
sliv',  a  town  of  Bohemia,  28  miles  S.E.  of  Czaslau. 

Primkenan,  prim'k^h-nSw^  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Silesia,  government  and  N.W.  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  1850. 

Primorsk,  pro-moRsk',  or  Primorskaya,  prc-mor- 
ski'il,  called  also  the  Littoral,  or  Maritime  Prov« 
ince  (equivalents  of  its  Russian  name),  a  largo  province 
of  Asiatic  Russia,  originally  forming  the  S.E.  extremity 
of  Siberia,  bounded  N.  by  the  Okhotsk  Sea,  E.  by  the  Sea 
of  Japan,  and  W.  by  the  Amoor  province  and  Cliineso 
Mancbooria.  On  the  S.  it  borders  to  a  small  extent  upon 
Corea.  To  this  province  has  been  annexed  the  whole 
Pacific  coast  region  of  Siberia,  extending  N.  to  the  Arctic, 
and  including  Kamchatka.  Total  area,  731,910  square 
miles.     Capital,  Nikolaifsk.     Pop.  50,512. 

Prim'rose,  a  post-village  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa,  2  miles 
from  Warren  Station,  and  27  miles  N.N.W.  of  Keokuk.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  steam  flouring-mill,  and  a  wagon-shop. 
Pop.  about  250. 

Primrose,  a  post-hamlet  in  Mill  Creek  township,  Wil- 
liams CO.,  0.,  6  miles  W.  of  Fayette.     It  has  2  churches. 

Primrose,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  i.  St. 
Louis  Railroad,  194  miles  W.  of  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

Primrose,  a  station  on  the  Providence  &  Springfield 
Railroad,  14i  miles  N.W.  of  Providence,  R.I. 

Primrose,  a  post-township  of  Dane  co.,  Wis.,  about  22 
miles  S.W.  of  Madison.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  919. 

Primrose,  a  post- village  in  Cardwell  co.,  Ontario,  13} 
miles  N.  of  Orangoville.     Pop.  350. 

Prince,  a  county  occupying  the  N.AV.  part  of  Prince 
Edward  Island.  Area,  737  square  miles.  Capital,  Sum- 
merside.     Pop.  28,302. 

Prince  Albert,  or  Reach,  a  post-village  in  Ontario 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  Whitby  &  Port  Perry  Railway,  16i 
miles  from  Whitby.  It  has  several  stores,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  tannery,  and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  600. 

Prince  Charles'  Island,  off  the  AV.  coast  of  Spitz- 
bergen,  is  in  lat.  78°  30'  N.,  Ion.  11°  E. 

Prince  Ed'ward,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  348  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  the  Appomattox  River.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating, and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil 
is  said  to  be  impoverished.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and 
tobacco  are  the  staple  products.  Bituminous  coal  is  found 
here.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Norfolk  <fc  Western 
Railroad,  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  and  the 
Farmville  &  Powhatan  Railroad,  the  last  two  of  which 
connect  with  Farmville,  the  capital,  which  is  near  the 
N.E.  boundary.     Pop.  in  1880,  14,668;  in  1890,  14,694. 

Prince  Edward,  a  county  of  Ontario,  on  the  N.  shore 
of  Lake  Ontario.  Area,  374  square  railcs.  It  is  mostly 
composed  of  a  peninsula  nearly  surrounded  by  Lake  Onta- 
rio and  several  small  bays.     Capital,  Picton.     Pop.  20,.'?36. 

Prince  Edward  Island  (formerly  called  Saint 
John's  Island),  a  province  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada, 
in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  between  46°  and  47°  7'  N. 
lat.  and  62°  and  64°  27'  W.  Ion.  It  is  washed  by  the 
gulf  on  the  N.,  and  separated  by  Northumberland  Strait 
from  New  Brunswick  on  the  E.  and  Nova  Scotia  on  the  S. 
Greatest  length,  130  miles;  breadth,  34  miles.  In  ite  nar- 
rowest part,  near  the  centre,  it  is  only  4  miles  wide.  Area, 
2134  square  miles.  The  coast-line  presents  a  succession 
of  largo  bays  and  projecting  headlands,  the  largest  of  the 
former  being  Richmond  on  the  N.W.,  Egmont  on  the  S.AV., 
Hillsborough  on  the  S.,  and  Cardigan  on  the  E.  These 
bays,  penetrating  the  land  from  opposite  directions,  form 
isthmuses  which  make  a  division  of  the  island  into  3  dis- 
tinct peninsulas.  This  natural  division  has  been  adopted 
OS  the  basis  of  a  nearly  corresponding  civil  division  into 


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PRI 


3  counties,  viz.,  Quesns  (capital,  Charlottetown),  Kings  (cap- 
ital, Georgetown),  and  Prince  (capital,  Summerside).  These 
counties  are  divided  into  67  townships  and  3  royalties. 
The  inhabitants  consist  of  descendants  of  Scottish,  Irish, 
Acadian,  French,  English,  and  other  settlers.  The  free- 
school  system  was  introduced  in  1853.  There  are  about  375 
district  schools,  15  grammar-schools,  various  private  schools, 
a  normal  and  a  model  school,  and  2  colleges, — Prince  of 
Wales  (Protestant)  and  St.  Dunstan's  (Roman  Catholic). 
The  Bishop  of  Nova  Scotia  exercises  episcopal  authority 
over  the  island.  The  Roman  Catholics  have  one  diocese, 
Charlottetown. 

Prince  Edward  Island  has  telegraphic  communication 
with  the  continent  of  America  and  Europe  by  means  of  a 
submarine  cable,  11  miles  in  length,  connecting  the  island 
with  New  Brunswick  ;  and  the  Prince  Edward  Island  Rail- 
way, owned  by  the  Dominion  government,  extends  from 
Caseumpeque  to  Georgetown  (147  miles),  with  branches 
from  Caseumpeque  to  Tignish  (13  miles)  and  from  Mount 
Stewart  to  Souris,  40  miles.     The  gauge  is  3  feet  6  inches. 

Navigation  to  and  from  the  island  generally  closes  abdut 
the  middle  of  December,  and  is  resumed  about  the  end  of 
April  or  beginning  of  May.  During  this  time  mails  and 
passengers  are  conveyed  across  the  Strait  in  ice-boats, 
which  ply  between  Cape  Traverse  in  Prince  Edward  Island 
and  Cape  Tormentine  in  New  Brunswick. 

This  island  was  among  the  early  discoveries  of  Cabot, 
but,  no  claim  being  made  to  it  by  the  English,  the  French 
afterwards  assumed  possession,  and,  after  the  peace  of 
Utrecht  in  1715,  its  fertility  and  natural  advantages  allured 
thither  great  numbers  of  Acadians  from  Cape  Breton.  It 
was  taken  by  the  British  in  1755,  restored  by  the  treaty  of 
Aix-hi-Chapelle,  retaken,  and  finally  ceded  to  Great  Britain 
in  1758.  It  was  then  placed  under  the  government  of  Nova 
Scotia,  but  in  1768  it  was  erected  into  a  separate  govern- 
ment. In  1799  the  name  of  the  island  was  changed  from 
St.  John  to  Prince  Edward ;  and  in  1873  it  was  admitted 
into  the  Dominion  of  Canada. 

The  surface  of  Prince  Edward  Island  undulates  gently, 
nowhere  becoming  mountainous  or  monotonously  flat.  At 
one  time  it  was  covered  with  a  dense  forest  of  beech,  birch, 
maple,  poplar,  spruce,  fir,  hemlock,  larch,  and  cedar;  and 
a  considerable  part  of  the  original  forest  still  remains.  The 
soil  consists  generally  of  a  light  loam,  and  the  prevailing 
rock  is  a  reddish  sandstone,  but  a  large  part  of  the  surface 
is  alluvial  and  entirely  free  from  stone.  No  minerals  of 
commercial  value  have  yet  been  discovered.  The  climate 
is  much  milder  than  that  of  the  adjoining  continent,  and 
the  air  generally  free  from  fogs.  The  winter  is  long  and 
cold,  but  the  summer  is  eminently  fitted  to  promote  the 
growth  and  maturity  of  all  the  ordinary  cereals.  The  prin- 
cipal crops  are  wheat,  barley,  oats,  pease,  beans,  potatoes, 
and  turnips.  The  fisheries  are  very  valuable,  especially  on 
the  N.  coast,  which  is  much  frequented  by  mackerel  and 
cod.  The  manufactures  are  chiefly  for  doiuestio  use.  Ship- 
building is  prosecuted  with  enterprise. 

The  public  affairs  of  Prince  Edward  Island  are  adminis- 
tered by  a  lieutenant-governor,  an  executive  council  of  9 
members,  a  legislative  council  of  13  members,  and  a  legis- 
lative assembly  of  30  representatives.  Justice  is  adminis- 
tered according  to  the  laws  of  England. 

The  total  population  of  the  island  in  1871  was  94,021 ; 
in  1881,  108,891 ;  in  1891,  109,088. 

Prince  Edward  Island,  an  island  of  Ontario,  in 
Lake  Ontario,  separated  from  the  mainland  by  the  Bay  of 
Quinte.     Length,  36  miles. 

Prince  Fred'erick  Har'bor,  an  inlet  on  the  N.W. 
coast  of  Australia.     Lat.  15°  S. ;  Ion.  125°  E. 

Prince  Frederick  Sound,  in  Alaska.  Lat.  57°  6' 
N. :  Ion.  133°  48'  W. 

Prince  Fred'ericktown,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Calvert  Co.,  Md.,  about  3  miles  W.  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  and 
65  miles  S.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  church, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  64. 

Prince  George,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  268  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  James  River,  and  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Appomat- 
tox River,  and  is  drained  by  the  Blackwater,  which  runs 
S.E.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating,  and  nearly  one- 
third  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
and  oats  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  two  branches  of  the  Norfolk  &  Western  Railroad.  Cap- 
ital, Prince  George  Court-House.  Pop.  in  1870,  7820 ;  in 
1880  (area  reduced),  8861 ;  in  1890,  7872. 

Prince  George  Court-House,  a  post-village,  cap- 
ital of  Prince  George  co.,  Va.,  6  or  7  miles  E.  of  Petersburg. 
It  has  several  churches. 


Prince  George's,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Mary- 
land, has  an  area  of  about  480  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  Patuxent  River,  which  runs  southeastward 
and  enters  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Potomac 
River  and  the  District  of  Columbia.  This  county  is  also 
drained  by  many  small  streams.  The  surface  is  moderately 
hilly.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Tobacco,  Indian  corn,  and  wheat 
are  the  staple  products.  Iron  ore  in  some  quantity  is  found 
here.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  the  Baltimore  A  Potomac  Railroad,  and  the  Wash- 
ington <fc  Potomac  Railroad.  Capital,  Upper  Marlborough. 
Pop.  in  1870,  21,138;  in  1880,  26,451  ;  in  1890,  26,080. 

Prince  Henry  Island.  See  Phince  William  Hk-vry. 

Prince  Le'opold  Island,  in  British  North  America, 
is  at  the  W.  end  of  Barrow  Strait.  Lat.  74°  6'  N. ;  Ion. 
90°  W. 

Prince  Maurice  River,  N.J.    See  Maurice  Riveu. 

Princenhage,  prin's?n-hi'Gh§h,  or  Haage,  hfl,'- 
cheh,  also  written  's  Princenhage,  a  village  of  the 
Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Breda. 
Pop.  of  commune,  5852. 

Prince  of  Wales,  walz,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Breckcnridge 
CO.,  Ky.,  40  miles  S.W.  of  Louisville. 

Prince  of  Wales,  a  post-village  in  St.  John  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  13  miles  from  St.  John.     Pop.  100. 

Prince  of  Wales  Archipel'ago,  a  former  name  of 
the  Alexander  Islands  of  Alaska. 

Prince  of  Wales  Island,  in  the  Pacific,  Low  Archi- 
pelago, is  in  lat.  15°  16'  S.,  Ion.  147°  22'  W.,  and  called 
also  Dean,  or  Oanna  Islakd. 

Prince  of  Wales  Island,  an  island  of  the  Malay 
Archipelago,  in  the  Strait  of  Sunda,  between  Java  and  Su- 
matra.    Lat.  6°  30'  S. ;  Ion.  106°  12'  E. 

Prince  of  Wales  Islands,  a  group  in  Torres  Strait, 
oflF  Cape  York,  at  the  N.E.  extremity  of  the  Gulf  of  Carpen- 
taria.    Lat.  10°  20'  S.     See  also  Penang. 

Prince'port,  a  post-village  in  Colchester  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Shubenacadie  River,  16  miles 
from  "Truro.     Pop.  150. 

Prince  Re'gent  Bay,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Greenland, 
is  in  lat.  76°  N.,  Ion.  66°  W. 

Prince  Regent  In'let,  North  America,  is  in  th6 
Arctic  regions,  between  lat.  72°  and  74°  N.  The  S.  part 
of  it  communicates  with  Boothia  Gulf,  and  the  N.  part 
with  Lancaster  Sound  and  Barrow  Strait. 

Prince  Regent  River,  in  Australia,  enters  the  In- 
dian Ocean  in  lat.  16°  17'  S.,  Ion.  124°  60'  E. 

Prince  Ru'pert  Bay,  British  West  Indies,  is  on  the 
N.W.  coast  of  the  island  of  Dominica,  is  bounded  north- 
ward by  Prince  Rupert's  Head,  and  has  the  town  of  Ports- 
mouth on  its  E.  coast. 

Prince's  Bay,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richmond  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  S.  shore  of  Staten  Island,  on  a  bay  of  the  ocean, 
and  on  the  Staten  Island  Railroad,  21  miles  S.W.  of  New 
York.     Here  is  a  light-house. 

Prince's  Island  (Port.  Ilha  do  Principe,  cel'yS,  do 
preen'se-pi),  an  island  belonging  to  Portugal,  in  the  Bight 
of  Biafra,  Gulf  of  Guinea,  140  miles  S.S.W.  of  Fernando 
Po.  Lat.  1°  39'  N. ;  Ion.  7°  26'  E.  Length,  from  N.  to 
S.,  10  miles;  breadth,  5  miles.  Chief  fort  and  harbor,  San 
Antonio,  on  its  E.  coast. 

Prince's  Island,  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago> 
at  the  S.  entrance  to  the  Strait  of  Sunda. 

Princes'  Islands  (Gr.  Ajj/ao^^o-ot,  Bemduesdi),  Sea  of 
Marmora,  13  miles  S.  of  Constantinople,  near  the  coast  of 
Asia  Minor,  consisting  of  9  islands,  the  largest  being  Prin- 
Kipos  and  Chalki.  Surface  mountainous,  with  fertile  val- 
leys. Numerous  visitors  resort  to  them,  attracted  by  the 
beauty  of  their  scenery  and  their  agreeable  climate. 

Prince's  Land'ing,  a  post-ofiico  of  Washington  co., 
Ala.,  on  the  Tombigbee  River,  2^  miles  from  Jackson. 

Prin'cess  Anne,  ann,  the  southeasternmost  county  of 
Virginia,  has  an  area  of  about  270  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  on  the  E.  by 
the  Atlantic  Ocean.  The  surface  is  level,  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  cypress.  The  soil  is  sandy. 
Indian  corn,  lumber,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Norfolk,  Albemarle  &  Atlantic 
Railroad.  Capital,  Princess  Anne  Court-House.  Pop.  in 
1870,  8273;  in  1880,  9394;  in  1890,  9510. 

Princess  Anne,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Somerset- 
CO.,  Md.,  near  the  Manokin  River,  and  on  the  Eastern  Shore 
Railroad,  about  15  miles  N.E.  of  Crisfield,  and  15  miles  S. 
by  W.  of  Salisbury.  It  has  3  churches,  2  newspaper  offices, 
a  high  school  or  academy,  and  manufactures  of  flour  and 
lumber.     Pop.  805. 

Princess  Anne  Court-House,  a  post-village,  capi . 


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2222 


FRI 


tt!  of  Princess  Anns  oo.,  Vti.,  5  rollos  from  the  ocean,  and 
ibout  18  miles  S.U.  of  Norfolk.     It  has  2  churches. 

Princess  Charlotte  (shar'l^t)  Bay,  on  the  N.E. 
coast  of  Australia.     Lat.  U"  2i)'  S.;  Ion.  144»  E. 

Princess  Roy'al  Ilar'bor,  a  bay  of  King  George's 
Sound,  West  Australia.     On  it  is  the  town  of  Albany. 

Princess  lloyal  Islands  arc  situated  in  British 
Columbia,  in  the  I'aoilio  Ocean,  N.  of  Vancouver  Island. 

Prince*8  Town,  a  town  of  Guinea.    See  Qijitta. 

Priuce'ton,  a  poat-bamlet  of  Jaclcson  oo.,  Ala.,  about 
23  miles  K.  by  N.  of  Hiintsvillo. 

Princeton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dallas  co..  Ark., 
about  65  miles  S.S.W.  of  Little  Ilock.  In  the  vicinity  are 
6  churches. 

Princeton,  a  post-rillage  of  Colusa  ce.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Sacramento  River,  about  32  miles  W.N.W.  of  Marysville. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  132. 

Princeton,  a  post-town,  capital  of  liureau  oo.,  III.,  in 
Princeton  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Ikirlington  <fc  Quincy 
llailroad,  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Mendota.  and  105  miles 
W.S.W,  of  Chicago.  It  is  lighted  with  gas.  It  contains  a 
oourt-house,  2  national  banks,  1  other  bunk,  a  high  school, 
3  newspaper  ofTices,  14  churches,  2  flour-mills,  and  a  manu- 
factory or  farming-implements.  Coal  is  mined  here.  Pop. 
in  ISyO,  3:{y6.     The  townshi))  is  drnined  by  Bureau  Creek. 

Princeton,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  348. 

Princeton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Gibson  co.,  Ind., 
in  Patoka  township,  on  the  Evansville  &  Terre  Haute  Rail- 
road, at  its  junction  with  the  Louisville,  Now  Albany  & 
St.  Louis  Railroad,  27  miles  N.  of  Evansville,  and  24  miles 
S.  of  Vinoonnes.  It  contains  9  or  10  churches,  2  newspaper 
otEces,  a  national  bank,  and  a  woollen-factory.    Pop.  3076. 

Princeton,  a  township  of  White  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  851. 

Princeton,  a  post-village  in  Princeton  township,  Scott 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  20  miles  above  Daven- 
port, and  1  mile  from  Cordova,  111.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  flour-mill.  Pop.  444.  The  township  is  bounded  N.  by 
the'Wapsipinicon  River.     Pop.  6S3  (exclusive  of  village). 

Princeton,  a  post-village  in  Ohio  township,  Franklin 
CO.,  Kansas,  on  Middle  Creek,  and  on  the  Leavenworth, 
Lawrence  <t  Galveston  Railroad,  0  inilcs  S.  of  Ottawa,  and 
36  miles  S.  of  Lawrence.     It  has  a  church. 

Princeton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Caldwell  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Louisville,  Paducah  <fc  Southwestern  Railroad,  44 
miles  E.  of  Paducah,  and  179  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Louisville. 
It  contains  Princeton  College,  a  banker's  office,  a- newspaper 
office,  7  churches,  2  flouring-mills,  a  woollen-mill,  a  car- 
riage-factory, and  2  tobacco-stemmeries.    Pop.  (1890)  1857. 

Princeton  (formerly  Lewey's  Island),  a  post- 
village  in  Princeton  township,  Washington  co..  Me.,  at  the 
outlet  of  Big  Lake,  22  miles  W.N.W.of  Calais,  with  which 
it  is  connected  by  the  St.  Croix  it  Penobscot  Railroad.  It 
contains  2  churches,  several  saw-mills,  6  shingle-machines, 
.a  woollen-mill,  and  a  tannery.  A  steamer  plies  daily  be- 
tween this  place  and  Grand  Lake.    Pop.  of  township,  1072. 

Princeton,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Wor- 
cester CO.,  Mass.,  in  Princeton  township,  near  Wachusett 
Mountain,  and  on  the  Boston,  Barre  &  Gardner  Railroad, 
16  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Worcester.  It  has  2  churches,  3  hotels, 
and  several  boarding-houses.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1063. 

Princeton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Mille  Lacs  co., 
Minn.,  in  Princeton  township,  on'^iura  River,  at  the  mouth 
of  its  AVest  Branch,  about  32  miles  E.  of  St.  Cloud,  and  54 
miles  N.N.W.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Princeton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Mercer  co..  Mo., 
in  Morgan  township,  on  the  Weldon  River,  and  on  the  .South- 
western Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 25  miles  N.  of  Trenton,  and  about  48  miles  N.  of 
Chillicothe.  It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  a  bank,  2  churches, 
a  brewery,  the  Princeton  Normal  Institute,  and  a  cigar-fac- 
tory.    Pop.  about  1200. 

Princeton,  a  pleasant  borough  in  Princeton  township, 
Mercer  co.,  N.J.,  40  miles  N.E.  of  Philadelphia,  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Trenton,  and  50  miles  S.W.  of  New  York.  It  is 
situated  on  an  elevated  ridge,  which  rises  by  a  long  and 
gradual  acclivity,  and  commands  an  extensive  prospect  to- 
wards the  E.  It  is  connected  by  a  branch  railroad  with  the 
New  Jersey  Railroad,  which  is  3  miles  S.W.  of  the  town. 
The  Delaware  &  Raritan  Canal  passes  about  1  mile  S.W.  of 
the  town.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  College  of  New  Jersey, 
which  ranks  among  the  first  literary  institutions  of  the 
country,  and  is  one  of  the  few  that  antedate  the  Revolution. 
It  was  founded  by  the  Presbyterians  at  Elizabethtown  in 
1746,  held  its  first  commencement  under  its  second  charter 
at  Newark  in  1748,  and  was  removed  to  Princeton  in  1756. 
The  original  college  edifice,  called  Nassau  llall,  is  176  feet 


long,  50  foot  wide,  and  4  stories  high,  and  at  the  time  of  Iti 
erection  was  the  largest  building  in  the  colonies.  It  wu 
burned  down  March  6,  1802,  and  again,  March  10,  1855, 
yet  the  old  walls  still  rtroain,  the  building  having  been  but 
slightly  chiinged  in  its  reconstruction.  There  are  now  13 
large  public  odilices  connected  with  the  institution,  and 
others  are  projected.  Princeton  is  also  the  seat  of  the  oldest 
and  largest  theological  seminary  of  the  Presbyterian  church, 
founded  in  1813.  The  village  contains  7  or  8  churches,  and 
2  chapels  in  connection  with  the  institmtions.  There  are  an 
excellent  preparatory  school,  a  public  school,  a  bank,  a 
savings-bank,  and  several  hotels  in  the  town.  A  weekly 
paper  is  published  here,  and  also  the  "  Nassau  Literary 
Magazine,"  conducted  by  the  students  of  the  college;  but 
the  "  Princeton  Review"  has  been  united  with  the  "  Proaby. 
terian  Quarterly,"  and  is  now  published  in  New  York.  The 
battle  fought  here  January  3, 1777,  between  General  Wash- 
ington and  Colonel  Mawhood,  in  which  the  Americans  wore 
victorious,  was  the  turning-]>oint  of  the  Revolution.  Pop. 
of  the  township  in  1890,  4231  ;  of  the  borough,  3422. 

Princeton,  a  post- village  of  Johnston  oo.,  N.C.,  on 
the  railroad  which  connects  Raleigh  with  Goldsboruugh,  37 
miles  S.E.  of  Raleigh.     It  has  a  church, 

Princeton,  a  hamlet  of  Butler  co.,  0.,  about  6  milw 
E.  of  Hamilton. 

Princeton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Pa.,  7  milei 
E.S.E.  of  New  Castle.     It  has  a  church. 

Princeton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Mercer  co.,  W. 
Va.,  about  SO  miles  S.S.E.  of  Charleston.  It  has  2  churohM 
and  a  bank.     Pop.  about  300. 

Princeton,  a  post-village  in  Princeton  township,  Green 
L.ake  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  Fox  River,  about  28  miles  N.E.  of 
Portage  City,  and  36  miles  W.  of  Fond  du  Lac.  It  ii 
connected  with  the  latter  by  the  Sheboygan  <fc  Fond  du  Loc 
Railroad.  It  contains  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  tan- 
nery, a  foundry,  a  flouring-mill,  6  churches,  and  2  carriage- 
shops.     Pop.  about  1100  ;  of  the  township,  2091. 

.Princeton,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Great  Western  Railway,  36  miles  W.  of  Hamilton.  It 
contains  a  newspaper  office,  a  tannery,  and  several  stores 
and  mills.     Pop.  600. 

Princeton  Depot,  a  post-office  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass. 

Princeton  Junction,  a  post-office  of  Mercer  co., 
N.J.,  is  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Trenton  with  Now 
Brunswick,  at  the  junction  of  the  Princeton  Branch,  10 
miles  from  Trenton,  and  3  miles  from  Princeton. 

Prince  Town,  a  village  of  England,  in  Devonshire, 
16  miles  by  horse-rnilway  N. N.E.  of  Plymouth.  Hero  are 
the  Dartmoor  prisons.     Granite  is  extensively  quarried. 

Prince'town,  a  post-township  of  Schenectady  co.,  N.Y. 
Pop.  892.     It  contains  Rynex's  Corners. 

Prince'town,  or  Maipequc,  mirpak',  a  seaport 
town  of  Prince  Edward  Island,  Prince  co.,  on  the  E.  side 
of  the  entrance  to  Richmond  Bay,  35  miles  N.W.  of  Char- 
lottetown.  It  contains  a  church,  2  stores,  a  hotel,  a  saw- 
mill, and  2  grist-mills.     Pop.  500. 

Prince'ville,  a  post-village  in  Princeville  township, 
Peoria  co..  111.,  on  the  Peoria  &  Rock  Island  Railroad,  22 
miles  N.N.AV.  of  Peoria,  and  26  miles  S.E.  of  Galva.  It 
has  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  flour-mill,  Ac. 
Coal  is  mined  here.  Pop.  424;  of  the  township,  1335.  The 
township  is  intersected  by  the  Buda  &  Rushville  Railroad. 

Princeville,  a  post-hamlct  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas,  25 
miles  N.W.  of  Clay  Centre.     It  has  a  church. 

Princeville,  Quebec.    See  StaxVfold. 

Prince  Wil'liam,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Vir- 
ginia, has  an  area  of  about  360  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  Bull  Run  and  Occoquan  River, 
and  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Potomac  River.  The  surface  is 
hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  In- 
dian com,  wheat,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  two  branches  of  tlie  Richmond  ifc 
Danville  Railroad,  and  by  the  Baltimore  &  Potomac  Rail- 
road, which  passes  near  its  S.E.  boundary.  Capital,  Brenls- 
ville.     Pop.  in  1870,  7504;  in  1880,  9180;  in  189U,  9805. 

Prince  William,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.^ 

Prince  William,  a  post-village  in  York  co..  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  river  St.  John,  26i  miles  from  Frederic- 
ton.     Pop.  200. 

Prince  William  Hen'ry  (or  Lostange')  Island, 
Low  Archipelago,  is  in  lat.  18°  43'  S.,  Ion.  141°  42'  W. 

Prince  William  Henry,  or  Matthias,  ma-thi'iis» 
an  island  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  N.W.  of  New  Hanover, 
lat.  1°  28'  S.,  Ion.  149°  E.,  60  miles  in  circumference. 

Prince  William  Island,  an  island  of  the  Fecjee 
group,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

Prince  William  Sound,  Alaska,  on  its  S.  coast,  be- 


PRI 


2223 


PRO 


tween  lat.  60°  and  61°  20'  N.  and  Ion.  146°  and  148°  W. 
It  contains  Montague  Island. 

Principato  Citra,  prin-cho-p5,'to  chee'tri,  a  former 
province  of  Italy.     It  is  now  called  Salerno. 

Principato   Ultra,  prin-che-pfl,'to  ool'tri,  a  former 


Principio,  prin-sip'e-o,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cecil  co., 
Md.,  about  42  miles  N.E.  of  Baltimore. 

Principio  Furnace,  a  post- village  of  Cecil  co.,  Md., 
near  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  on  the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington 
&  Baltimore  Railroad,  at  Principio  Station,  40  miles  N.E. 
of  Baltimore.  It  has  a  cliurch  and  an  iron-furnace.  Pop. 
about  250. 

Prineville,  prin'vil,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Crook  co., 
Oregon,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Crooked  Kiver,  114  miles  (di- 
rect) S.  by  E.  of  The  Dalles.  It  is  the  centre  of  a  great 
stock-raising  country,  and  has  a  bank,  2  newspaper  oflSces,  2 
flour-mills,  several  saw-mills,  general  stores,  and  business 
houses.     Pop.  in  1S90,  460. 

Prindle,  a  post-ofBee  of  Wise  co.,  Tex. 

Pringle,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Ga. 

Prinkii)os,  prin'ke-pos.  Papa  Adassi,  pi' pi  3,-dls'- 
sce,  or  Papa  Donisia,  pi'pi  do-nee'se  i,  a  town  of 
Turkey,  on  an  island  of  the  same  name  in  the  group  of 
Prince's  Islands,  Sea  of  Marmora,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Con- 
stantinople.    Pop.  3000. 

Prin'tian,  or  Poolo  Printian,  an  island  off  the 
E.  coast  of  Malacca. 

Priocca,  pre-ok'ki,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  23 
miles  S.E.  of  Turin.     Pop.  2244. 

Priola,  pre-o'li,  a  village  of  Italy,  14  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Mondovi,  on  the  Tanaro.     Pop.  1596. 

Pri'or's  Lake,  a  post-villago  of  Scott  co.,  Minn.,  on 
the  Hastings  &  Dakota  Kailroad,  33  miles  W.  of  Hastings. 
It  has  a  church. 

Prior's  (or  Pryor's)  Station,  a  post-office  of  Polk 
CO.,  Ga.,  on  the  Selma,  Home  &  Dalton  llailroad,  24  miles 
S.W.  of  Rome. 

Prip'ets,  or  Prip'et  (Polish,  Pnjpec,  prip'fits),  a  river 
of  Russia,  government  of  Minsk,  after  a  N.  and  E.  course 
of  350  miles,  joins  the  Dnieper  on  the  W.,  43  miles  N.  of 
Kiev.     It  is  navigable  from  its  mouth  to  Pinsk. 

Prismoid,  priz'moid,  post-office,  Montgomery  co.,  Tex. 

Prison  Island,  in  the  mouth  of  Lake  St.  Francis  (an 
expansion  of  the  St.  Lawrence),  midway  between  the  W. 
part  of  Grande  Isle  and  the  estuary  of  the  river  Delisle. 

Prisrend,  pris-rend',  or  Per'serinS  a  town  of  Euro- 
pean Turkey,  in  Albania,  4  miles  from  the  Drin,  and  80 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Scutari.  Pop.  about  40,000.  It  is  the  see 
of  Greek  and  Roman  Catholic  bishops,  iind  has  a  citadel,  the 
residence  of  a  Turkish  governor,  40  mosques,  large  manu- 
factures of  fire-arms,  and  an  active  trade. 

Pristina,  pris-tee'ni,  or  Piristina,  pe-ris-tee'nl,  a 
town  of  European  Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  42  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Uskup.  Pop.  about  15,000,  It  is  enclosed  by  earth 
ramparts,  towers,  and  palisades,  and  contains  mosques, 
largo  bazaars,  and  baths. 

Pritch'ardville,  a  post-office  of  Beaufort  co.,  S.C. 

Pritzerbe,  prit'sSR-b^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  8  milos 
N.W.  of  Brandenburg,  on  the  Havel.     Pop.  1561. 

Pritzwalk,  prits'^ilk,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Branden- 
burg, 65  miles  N.W.  of  Potsdam,  on  the  Dijmnitz.  It  has 
manufactures  of  linen,  woollens,  and  tobacco.     Pop.  6760. 

Privas,  preViss',  a  town  of  France,  capital  of  the  de- 
partment of  Ardfiche,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Valence.  Pop.  5932. 
It  has  a  communal  college,  and  manufactures  of  blankets, 
brandy,  leather,  and  silk  goods. 

PriVateer',a  township  of  Sumter  co.,  S.C.   Pop.1679. 

Privateer,  a  hamlet  of  Sumter  co.,  S.C,  6  miles  S.W, 
of  Sumter  Court-House. 

Privitz,  pree'vits,  or  Prividia,  preeVeeMee'6h\  a 
town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  40  miles  N.E.  of  Neutra.  It  has 
a  Piarist  college  and  a  trade  in  corn.     Pop.  2719. 

Priziac,  pree^ze-ik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Morbihan, 
20  miles  W.  of  Pontivy.     Pop.  2415. 

Prizibislaw,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Puimislati. 

Prizzi,  prit'see,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  and  28 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Palermo.     Pop,  8835. 

Probolingo,  pro-bo-lin'go,  or  Poerbolingo,  poor- 
bo-lin'go,  a  town  and  district  of  Java,  on  the  N,  coast,  48 
miles  S.E.  of  Soerabaya, 

Pro'by  Island,  an  island  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  be- 
longing to  the  Friendly  Islands, 

Procida,  pro'che-d4  (anc.  Pro'ehyta),  an  island  of 
Italy,  at  the  N.W.  extremity  of  the  Bay  of  Naples,  N.E. 


of  Iscbia.  Length,  3  miles.  It  has  on  its  S.E.  side  a  bay, 
on  which  is  the  chief  town,  of  the  same  name,  having  a 
royal  palace,  8  churches,  a  convent,  and  an  orphan  asylum, 
with  an  active  fishery  and  a  brisk  coasting-trade.  Pop.  of 
town,  4021 ;  of  island,  13,582. 

Proc'ter,  a  post-office  of  Comanche  co.,  Tex. 

Proc'tor,  a  post-villago  of  Lee  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ken- 
tucky River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  South  Fork,  about  60 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Lexington.  It  has  2  churches.  Coal  is 
found  near  this  place.     Pop.  100. 

Proctor,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co..  Mo. 

Proctor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wetzel  co.,  W.  Va,,  on  the 
Ohio,  30  miles  below  Wheeling.     It  has  2  churches. 

Proctor's  Creek,  Virginia.    See  Halfway  Station. 

Proc'torsville,  a  post-village  in  Cavendish  township, 
Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  on  Black  River,  and  on  the  Rutland 
division  of  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  28i  miles  S.E. 
of  Rutland,  and  1  mile  from  Cavendish  Village.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  national  bank,  a  hotel,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a 
valuable  quarry  of  serpentine,  called  serpentine  marble. 

Proc'torville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Fairview  township, 
Caldwell  co..  Mo.,  about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Chillicothe.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  60. 

Prodano,  pro-di'no  (anc.  Prota,  or  Profe),  one  of  the 
sip.aller  Ionian  Islands,  off  the  W.  coast  of  Greece,  12  miles 
N.AV.  of  Navarino.     Length,  2  miles. 

Proen^a  Nova,  pro-6n'si  no'vi,  a  town  of  Portugal, 
in  Beira-Baixa,  25  miles  W.  of  Castello  Branco.    Pop.  3545. 

Proen«;a  Veiha,  pro-fin'si  vfil'yi,  a  town  of  Portugal, 
in  Beira-Baixa,  21  miles  N.E.  of  Castello  Branco.   Pop.  843. 

Pro'file  House,  a  post-office  of  Grafton  co.,  N.IL,  in 
Franconia  Notch,  29  miles  N.  of  Plymouth,  and  about  10 
miles  S.  of  Bethlehem  Station  of  the  Boston,  Concord  & 
Montreal  Railroad,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  railway. 
Hero  is  a  large  hotel,  called  Profile  House,  which  accom- 
modates about  450  guests,  and  is  1974  feet  above  sea-level. 

Progreso,  pro-gri'so,  a  town  and  port  of  Mexico,  state 
of  Yucatan,  26  miles  W.  of  Merida,  the  state  capital.  A 
railroad  from  Merida  has  been  completed  half-way.  It  is 
a  regular  port  of  call  for  British  and  American  steamers, 
and  ships  hides,  deerskins,  logwood,  and  hemp. 

Prog'ress,  a  post-village  of  Dauphin  co..  Pa.,  2i  miles 
N.E.  of  Harrisburg.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  broom-factory. 

Prohibition  (pro-hi-bish'un)  City,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Worth  CO.,  Mo.,  25  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Maryville. 

Prolog,  proMog',  a  mountain-range  on  the  frontiers  of 
Dalmatia  and  Herzegovina,  belonging  to  the  Dinario  Alps. 
Loftiest  peaks — Orien,  6332  feet;  Dinara,  6040  feet;  and 
Pastovo,  6929  feet. 

Prome,  a  town  of  British  Burmah,  capital  of  Prome 
district,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Irrawaddy,  66  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Rangoon,  to  which  a  railway  extends.  It  is  the  seat  of 
a  large  trade  and  some  manufactures.     Pop.  24,689. 

Prome,  a  district  of  British  Burmah,  Pegu  division. 
Area,  2887  square  miles.     Pop.  274,872. 

Promise  (prom'is)  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  ci^ 
Iowa,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Seymour  Station.     It  has  a  churcl' 

Promontorium  Artabrum  or  Celticum.  S^e 
Cape  Finist^re. 

Promontorium  Corycum,  Crete.    See  Cape  Bnzo. 

Promontorium  Crucis,  Spain.    See  Cape  Creux. 

Promontorium  Dium,  Crete.    See  Cape  Sassoso. 

Promontorium  Hippi.    See  Cape  Hamuah. 

Promontorium  Junonis.    See  Cape  Trafalgar. 

Promontorium  Sacrum.    See  Cape  Corso. 

Prom'ontory,  a  post-office  of  Box  Elder  co.,  Utah,  on 
the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  and  on  Promontory  Mountain, 
29  miles  W.  of  Corinne.     Elevation,  4906  feet. 

Promp'ton,  a  post-borough  of  Wayne  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Lackawaxen  Creek,  4  miles  W.  of  Honesdale.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  manufactory  of  bedsteads.     Pop.  394. 

Pronsk,  pronsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  31 
miles  S.  of  Riazan.     Pop.  1641.     It  has  8  churches. 

Pro'pell',  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Ala. 

Prophetstown,  pr6f'§ts-town,  a  post-village  of  White- 
side CO.,  III.,  in  Prophetstown  township,  on  the  S.  bank  of 
Rock  River,  and  on  the  Mendota  &  Clinton  Railroad,  21 
miles  S.E.  of  Clinton,  Iowa,  and  16  miles  S.W.  of  Sterling. 
It  has  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  church,  and  a 
graded  school.     Pop.  803;  of  the  township,  1709. 

Propiha,  pro-pee'i,  or  Urubu  de  Baixa,  oo-roo- 
boo'  di  bi'shi,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  Sergipe,  on  the  Sao 
Francisco,  85  milos  N.N.E.  of  Sao  Christovao. 

Propontis,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Sea  op  Marmora. 

Proskoorov,  Proskourov,  or  Proskurov,  pros- 
koo-rov',  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Podolia,  on  the  Bug,  53  milea 
N..of  Kamienieo.    Pop.  11,751. 


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3224 


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Prosna,  pros'ni,  or  Prosziia,  proah'til,  a  rivor  of 
Europe,  after  a  N.  course  of  lUU  luilos  between  Silesia  and 
Poland,  joint  the  Warta  38  miles  S.E.  of  Posen. 

Pros'pect)  a  post-hamlet  in  Prospect  township,  New 
Haven  oo..  Conn.,  15  miles  N.N.W.  of  New  Haven.  It 
hiis  a  ohuroh  and  a  manufactory  of  matohos.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  551. 

Prospect)  a  post-hamlet  of  Champaign  co..  III.,  3  miles 
from  Rantottl. 

Prospect)  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  343. 
Post-ofBcc,  Pontioc. 

Prospect)  a  post-office  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas. 

Prospect)  a  post-township  of  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  about  20 
miles  S.  of  Bangor.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Penob- 
scot River.     Pop.  886. 

Prospect)  a  post-office  of  Harford  oo.,  Md.,  about  35 
miles  N.E.  of  Baltimore. 

Prospect)  a  post-village  in  Trenton  township,  Oneida 
eo.,  N.Y.,  on  West  Canada  Creek,  1  mile  from  Prospect 
Station  of  the  Utica  k  Black  River  Railroad,  and  about  2i 
miles  from  Trenton  Falls.  It  contains  3  churches,  a  hotel, 
a  large  tannery,  Ac.  Pop.  312.  Here  are  the  noted  quar- 
ries of  Trenton  limestone. 

Prospect  (formerly  Mid'dleton),  a  post-village  in 
Prospect  township,  Marion  co.,  0.,  on  tiie  Scioto  River,  and 
on  the  Columbus  &  Toledo  Railroad,  36  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Co- 
lumbus, and  10  miles  S.  of  Marion.  It  has  several  churches, 
a  graded  school,  a  steam  flour-mill,  and  a  planing-mill. 
Poi>.  in  1890,  830;  of  the  township,  1765. 

Prospect)  a  post-village  of  Butler  co..  Pa.,  in  Frank- 
Kn  township,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Butler,  and  about  32  miles 
N.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  3  or  4  churches.     Pop.  271. 

Prospect)  a  borough  of  Cambria  oo..  Pa.,  in  Taylor 
township,  on  or  near  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad.  Pop.  576. 

Prospect)  York  oo..  Pa.    See  East  Prospect. 

Prospect)  a  post-office  of  McMinn  co.,  Tenn. 

Prospect)  a  post-village  of  Prince  Edward  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &,  Ohio  Railroad,  43  miles  E.  of 
Lynchburg.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  carriage-factory. 

Prospect)  a  post-village  in  Halifax  co..  Nova  Scotia, 
20  miles  from  Halifax.     Pop.  700. 

Prospect)  a  post- village  in  Lanark  co.,  Ontario,  7^ 
miles  N.E.  of  Franktown.     Pop.  100. 

Prospect  Ferry)  a  post-hamlet  of  Waldo  co..  Me.,  on 
the  W.  bank  of  the  Penobscot,  i  mile  from  Bucksport. 

Prospect  GrovC)  a  post-office  of  Scotland  co..  Mo. 

Prospect  IlaU)  a  post-hamlet  of  Bladen  co.,  N.C., 
about  60  miles  W.N.W.  of  Wilmington. 

Prospect  Har'bor,  a  post-village  in  Goldsborough 
township,  Hancock  co..  Me.,  on  a  small  inlet  of  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  about  48  miles  S.E.  of  Bangor. 

Prospect  Hill)  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  Mo.,  3^ 
miles  from  Lawson  Station. 

Prospect  HiU)  a  hamlet  of  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Pembroke  township,  IJ  miles  from  East  Pembroke. 

Prospect  Hill)  a  hamlet  of  AVestchester  co.,  N.Y.,  1 
mile  from  Pelham. 

Prospect  Hill)  a  post-hamlet  of  Caswell  co.,  N.C., 
about  50  miles  N.AV.  of  Raleigh. 

Prospect  Hill)  a  post-office  of  Fairfax  co.,  Va. 

Prospect  Hill)  a  post-hamlet  of  Waukesha  co.,  Wis., 
about  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Milwaukee.     It  has  a  church. 

Prospect  LakC)  a  post-office  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich. 

Prospect  Park)  a  post-village  in  Milton  township, 
Du  Page  CO.,  III.,  on  the  railroad  from  Chicago  to  Geneva, 
22  miles  W.  of  Chicago.    It  has  a  church  and  graded  school. 

Prospect  PlainS)  a  post-hamlet  in  Monroe  township, 
Middlesex  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Camden  &  Amboy  Railroad,  4i 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Hightstown. 

Prospect  StatioU)  a  post-office  of  Chautauqua  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Chautauqua  Lake  Railroad,  6^  miles  N.  of 
Mayville. 

Prospect  Station)  a  post-hamlet  of  Giles  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  railroad  which  connects  Nashville  with  Decatur,  12 
miles  S.  of  Pulaski.     It  has  a  church. 

Prospect  ValleV)  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  W. 
Va.,  12  miles  N.  of  Clarlisburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Pros'pectvillC)  apost-hamlct  of  Montgomery  CO.,  Pa., 
about  11  miles  N.E.  of  Norristown. 

Pros'per)  a  post-office  of  Ellsworth  oo.,  Kansas,  at 
Black  Wolf. 

Prosper)  a  post-office  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn. 

Prosper'itV)  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co..  111. 

Prosperity,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ky. 

Prosperity,  a  post-office  of  Moore  oo.,  N.C.,  on  Deep 
River,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Carthage. 

Prosperity)  a  post-hamlet  in  Morris  township,  Wash- 


ington CO.,  Pa.,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Washington.  It  hH  » 
church.     Pop.  100. 

Prosperity  (formerly  Frog  Level),  a  post-village  of 
Newberry  co.,  S.C.,  on  the  Greenville  die  Columbia  RailrtMtd 
304  miles  W.N.W.  of  Columbia.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  steam  saw-niiil,  Ac.     Pop.  in  ISUO,  665. 

Prosperity,  a  post-hamlet  of  Raleigh  co.,  W.  Va.,  lU 
miles  from  Quinnimont.     It  has  a  church. 

Pros'pertOWU)  a  hamlet  of  Monmouth  oo.,  N.J.,  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Trenton.     It  has  a  grist-mill.     P.  about  100. 

ProssnitZ)  pross'nits,  a  town  of  Moravia,  13  miles 
S.W.  of  Olmuts.  Pop.  15,717.  It  has  several  distilleries, 
and  manufactures  of  woollen,  linen,  and  cotton  stuffs. 

Pros'toD)  a  post-hamlet  of  Pawnee  co.,  Kansas,  IS 
miles  W.  of  Lamed. 

Prota,  or  ProtC)  the  ancient  name  of  Prodano. 

Protec'tioD)  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  ontbe 
Buffalo.  New  York  <t  Philadelphia  Railroad,  30  miles  S.E. 
of  Buffalo.  It  has  a  carriage-shop,  a  grist-mill,  a  cheese* 
factory,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Pro  Teni)  a  post-office  of  Taney  co..  Mo. 

Prototi)  Grey  co.,  Ontario.    See  Inistioqb. 

Protva)  or  Protwa,  prot'vi,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises 
in  the  government  of  Smolensk,  flows  S.E.,  and  joins  the 
Oka  9  miles  above  Scrpookhov.     Length,  100  miles. 

Prout's  Station)  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  oo.,  0.,  on  the 
Sandusky,  MansQeld  &  Newark  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of 
Sandusky. 

Prove'mont)  a  post-hamlet  of  Leelanaw  co.,  Mich.,  20 
miles  N.  of  Traverse  City. 

Proven)  pro'v^n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flan- 
ders, 33  miles  S.W.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  1670. 

Pro'ven)  a  small  village  and  port  on  the  W.  coast  of 
Greenland,  60  miles  S.  of  Upernavik. 

Provencal)  proV6N<>^8&l',  an  island  off  the  S.  coast  of 
Asia  Minor.     Lat.  36o  10'  N.j  Ion.  33°  47'  E. 

ProvencC)  proV6N8s',  an  old  province  in  the  S.E.  part 
of  France,  now  forming  the  departments  of  Bouches-du- 
Rhfine,  Var,  Basses-Alpes,  and  the  E.  part  of  Vaucluse. 
In  the  ninth  century  it  gave  its  name  to  a  kingdom,  after- 
wards called  Aries.  Its  capital  was  Aix.  See  Burgundy, 
Adj.  and  inhab.  Provencal,  pro* v6N»'s4r. 

ProvenciO)  pro-vdn'the-o,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New 
Castile,  60  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cuenca.     Pop.  1755. 

Prov'idencC)  the  northernmost  county  of  Rhode 
Island,  borders  on  Connecticut  and  Massachusetts.  Area, 
about  440  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  in  the  N.E.  part 
by  the  Blackstone  River,  which  enters  the  Providence  River 
near  the  city  of  Providence,  and  also  drained  by  the  Paw- 
tuxet  River,  which  rises  in  this  county,  and  runs  south- 
eastward, entering  Narragansett  Bay  at  Pawtuxet.  The 
surface  is  uneven  or  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Hay,  potatoes, 
milk,  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  Marble  of 
good  quality  is  found  here.  The  prosperity  of  this  county 
is  chiefly  derived  from  manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  wool- 
len goods,  machinery,  jewelry,  and  many  other  articles. 
This  is  the  most  populous  county  of  the  state.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  the  New  York,  Provi- 
dence &  Boston  Railroad,  and  the  New  York  A  New  Eng- 
land Railroad,  which  centre  at  Providence,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  149,190;  in  1875,  184,924;  in  1880,  197,874; 
in  1890,  255,123. 

Providence,  a  post-office  of  Pickens  co.,  Ala.,  about 
44  miles  N.W.  of  Tuscaloosa. 

Providence)  a  post-office  of  Searcy  co..  Ark. 

Providence)  a  post-office  of  Bradford  co.,  Fla. 

Providence)  a  hamlet  of  Stewart  co.,  Ga.,  21  miles 
N.E.  of  Georgetown.     It  has  a  church. 

Providence,  a  post-office  of  Sumter  co.,  Ga. 

Providence)  a  post-village  of  Bureau  co.,  111.,  about 
10  miles  S.AV.  of  Princeton,  and  6  miles  S.E.  of  Buda.  It 
has  a  church,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  graded  school. 

Providence,  Clarke  co.,  Ind.    See  New  Providence. 

Providence)  township,  Buena  Vista  co.,  leva.   P.  169. 

Providence)  township,  Hardin  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  1186. 

Providence)  a  station  in  Jessamine  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Lexington. 

Providence)  a  post-village  of  Webster  co.,  Ky.,  about 
56  miles  E.N.E.  of  Paducah.  It  has  a  church  and  a  large 
trade  in  tobacco.     Pop.  in  1890,  622. 

Providence,  a  post-office  of  Grenada  co..  Miss.,  4  miler 
E.S.E.  of  Grenada. 

Providence,  a  post-hamlet  of  Boone  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
N.  bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  about  20  miles  below  Boon- 
ville.  It  is  the  landing-place  for  Columbia  (10  miles  dis- 
tant).    It  has  2  stores  and  a  church.    Pop.  about  200. 


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2225 


PRO 


HPi 


Providence,  a  post-township  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y., 
about  40  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Albany.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
woollen-mill,  and  a  scythe-factory.     Pop.  1133. 

Providence,  a  post-office  of  Chatham  oo.,  N.C. 

Providence,  township,  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.C.    P.  1936. 

Providence,  township,  Pasquotank  co.,  N.C.   Pop.  520. 

Providence,  a  township  of  Rowan  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  1516. 

Providence,  a  hamlet  in  Providence  township,  Lucas 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Maumee  River,  about  24  miles  S.W.  of  To- 
ledo.    It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  township,  863. 

Providence,  a  township  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.     P.  1906. 

Providence,  a  former  post-borough  of  Luzerne  co.. 
Pa.,  in  Scranton  township,  on  the  Lackawanna  Iliver,  and 
on  the  Delaware  <fc  Hudson  Railroad,  4  or  5  miles  N.  of 
Scranton  proper,  to  which  city  it  was  annexed  in  1866,  and 
of  which  it  constitutes  the  1st  and  2d  wards.  Here  arc  rich 
coal-mines.  It  contains  6  or  7  churches,  a  rolling-mill,  5 
coal-breakers,  2  public  halls,  a  savings-bank,  2  manufac- 
tories of  axes  and  tools,  <fcc.  The  post-office  for  this  section 
of  Scranton  retains  the  name  of  Providence. 

Providence,  a  city  (the  second  of  New  England  in 
population,  wealth,  and  importance),  port  of  entry,  and  one 
of  the  capitals  of  the  state  of  Rhode  Island,  and  the 
county  seat  of  Providence  co.,  is  situated  at  the  head  of 
navigation,  N.  of  Narragansett  Bay,  30  miles  by  rail  and 
boat  above  Newport,  64  miles  N.E.  of  Now  London,  Conn., 
and  44  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bostpn,  Mass.  Lat.  41°  49'  22"  N. ; 
Ion.  71°  24'  48"  W.  Providence  is  delightfully  situated 
around  a  little  lake  called  "the  Cove,"  into  which  two 
small  rivers,  the  Woonasquatucket  and  Moshassuck,  empty 
from  the  N.W.  and  N.N.E.,  and  out  of  which,  on  the  S.E., 
flows  the  Providence  River  southward  into  Narragansett 
Bay,  while  the  Seekonk  forms  the  E.  boundary  of  the  city, 
entering  the  bay  at  the  mouth  of  the  Providence.  The  rivers 
Woonasquatucket,  Moshassuck,  and  Providence  divide  the 
city  into  3  parts, — the  East  Side,  the  West  Side,  and  Tenth 
Ward.  The  Cove  is  elliptical  in  shape,  nearly  a  mile  in 
circuit,  enclosed  by  a  stone  wall  surmounted  with  an  iron 
railing,  and  almost  surrounded  by  a  small  park,  hand- 
somely laid  out  and  shaded  with  noble  elms.  The  streets  are 
irregularly  laid  out.  The  site  is  uneven.  In  Tenth  Ward 
there  are  numerous  hills  and  valleys.  The  city  has  an 
abundant  supply  of  water,  a  complete  system  of  sewerage, 
several  public  parks,  efficient  police  and  fire  departments, 
and  is  well  lighted  throughout  by  gas  and  electricity.  It 
has  internal  communications  by  horse-car  lines,  cable-cars, 
and  electric  railways.  The  railroads  which  centre  here  are 
the  Old  Colony,  the  New  York  &  New  England,  and  the 
New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford.  The  manufacturing 
industries  are  located  chiefly  along  the  banks  of  the  Woo- 
nasquatucket and  Moshassuck,  partly  within  Tenth  Ward. 
The  public  buildings  and  mercantile  houses  stand  mostly 
on  Westminster,  Weybosset,  and  contiguous  streets,  in  AVest 
Bide;  and  along  both  sides  of  Providence  River,  but  largely 
"  ipon  the  higher  ground  of  West  Side,  and  upon  the  hill- 
ides,  to  their  summits,  of  East  Side,  are  the  dwellings,  the 
greater  number  of  which  are  of  wood,  although  of  late 
stone  and  brick  are  more  used,  and  there  are  many  man- 
sions of  these  materials.  In  East  Side,  on  a  height,  stand 
the  buildings  of  Brown  University  (Baptist,  founded  in 
1764),  in  an  enclosure  of  16  acres,  beautifully  ornamented, 
and  shaded  with  elms :  of  these  the  new  library  building 
is  elegant  and  well  appointed,  containing  70,000  volumes, 
and  the  Sayles  Memorial  Hall  is  one  of  the  finest  structures 
in  the  city.  The  university  has  over  30  instructors  and 
more  than  300  students.  Near  by  are  the  Athenaeum  and 
the  buildings  of  the  Rhode  Island  Historical  Society  ;  a  few 
blocks  to  the  E.N.E.  is  the  Dexter  Asylum  for  the  Poor, 
a  noble  charity,  founded  by  the  munificence  of  Ebenezor 
Knight  Dexter;  and  N.  of  this  is  the  Friends'  Boarding- 
School,  popularly  called  "the  Quaker  College,"  a  well- 
endowed,  flourishing  institution.  In  the  business  centre 
lAhore  are  a  number  of  notable  buildings :  among  them 
^the  new  city  hall  is  one  of  the  finest  municipal  edifices  in 
■  New  England ;  it  stands  in  a  conspicuous  position  at  the 
head  of  Exchange  Place,  is  of  granite,  and  cost  upwards  of 
$1,000,000.  Facing  it  is  the  state's  monument  to  its  soldiers 
and  sailors  who  fell  in  the  late  war,  bearing  their  names, 
1741  in  number.  The  custom-house  and  post-office  occupy 
a  massive  granite  building  on  Weybosset  street.  Near  by, 
on  Westminster  street,  extending  to  AVeybosset,  225  feet, 
and  80  feet  wide  (except  in  the  middle,  where  it  is  130  feet 
wide),  is  the  famous  Arcade,  which,  though  built  in  1828, 
at  a  cost  of  only  $130,000,  is  a  fine  building.  It  is  a  vast 
bazaar,  having  78  retail  stores  under  a  single  roof.  The 
Butler  Exchange  is  a  more  recent  edifice  of  the  same  general 
character,  the  upper  floors  of  which  are  occupied  by  offices. 


BR 


The  state-house  and  the  county  court-house  are  in  East 
Side.  The  Narragansett  Hotel  is  one  of  the  largest  and 
best  hostelries  in  the  United  States.  There  are  about  100 
churches  in  Providence,  64  public  schools,  with  some  16,000 
pupils  in  attendance,  and  a  number  of  good  private  and 
denominational  schools,  from  infant  schools  up  to  the  state 
normal  school  and  the  university  already  noticed.  It  has 
several  superior  libraries,  well-sustained  and  efficient  hos- 
pitals, asylums,  and  other  charities,  and  its  reformatory 
and  penal  institutions  are  unexcelled.  There  are  3  daily, 
1  semi-weekly,  and  12  weekly  newspapers,  and  4  monthly 
periodicals,  published  here.  Providence  was  at  one  time 
the  centre  of  a  considerable  foreign  and  domestic  com- 
merce, but  of  late  years  the  foreign  trade  has  fallen  oS"; 
the  domestic,  however,  has  materially  increased.  It  is  one 
of  the  great  manufacturing  centres  of  the  country.  Among 
its  most  important  establishments  is  the  Gorham  Com- 
pany's manufactory  of  solid  silverware,  the  leading  gilver- 
luanufactory  of  the  world.  Besides  this  there  are  the 
American  Screw  Company,  the  Armington  <fc  Sims  Engine 
Company,  the  Nicholson  File  Company,  the  American  Ship- 
Windlass  Company,  the  Providence  Tool  Company,  whose 
works  cover  upwards  of  5  acres  and  employ  1500  workmen, 
the  Providence  Steam-Engine  Company,  the  Barstow  Stove 
Company,  the  Allen  Fire-Supply  Company,  200  manufac- 
tories of  jewelry,  the  Fletcher  Manufacturing  Company, 
(the  largest  manufactory  in  the  world  of  corset- laces,  shoe- 
laces, lamp-wicks,  <fec.),  the  Corliss  Steam-Engine  Works, 
the  Rhode  Island  Locomotive-Works,  numerous  bleach- 
eries,  and  various  other  establishments.  Providence  is  the 
headquarters  of  60  woollen-  and  100  cotton-manufactories. 
The  aggregate  capital  of  all  reported  industries,  as  given 
in  the  census  of  1890,  was  $54,274,227,  and  the  value  of 
the  product  $71,810,173.  There  are  31  national  and  state 
banks  and  6  savings-banks. 

Providence  was  settled  by  Roger  Williams  in  1636.  A 
local  government  was  organized  in  1640,  and  in  1649  the 
settlement  was  incorporated  as  a  town.  The  first  houses 
were  erected  near  St.  John's  church,  on  what  is  now  North 
Main  street.  Pop.  in  1840,  23,172;  in  1850,  41,513;  in 
1860,  50,666;  in  1870,  68,904;  in  1880,  104,857;  in  1890, 
132,146. 

Providence,  a  township  of  Orangeburg  co.,  S.C.  P.  880. 

Providence,  a  post-hamlet  in  Providence  township, 
Sumter  co.,  S.C,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Claremont  Station.  It  has 
3  churches.     Pop.  of  township,  1485. 

Providence,  a  post-village  of  Cache  co.,  Utah,  in  the 
fertile  Cache  A^alley,  2  miles  from  Logan,  and  about  33 
miles  N.E.  of  Corinne.     It  has  a  church.    Pop.  (1890)  782. 

Prov'idence,an  island  in  the  Indian  Ocean,  240  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Madagascar,  in  lat.  9°  10'  S.,  Ion.  61°  5'  E. 

Prov'idence,  a  small  lake  of  British  America,  near  65° 
N.  lat.  and  113°  AV.  Ion. 

Providence,  a  fort  of  British  America,  in  the  North- 
AA'est  Territories,  on  the  N.  side  of  Great  Slave  Lake,  about 
lat.  62°  60'  N.,  Ion.  114°  AV. 

Prov'idence  Chan'nels  separate  several  of  the  Ba- 
hama Islands.    See  New  and  Old  Providence. 

Providence  Forge,  a  post-hiimlet  of  New  Kent  co., 
Va.,  10  miles  S.  of  Tunstall's  Station.  It  has  a  flour-mill 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Providence  Lake.    See  Lake  Providence. 

Providence  Square,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  Pa.,  2  miles  S.E.  of  Collegeville.  It  has  a  church,  a 
carriage-shop,  &o. 

Providence  Wells,  a  post-office  of  Pima  oo.,  Arizona. 

Prov'incetown,  a  post-village  in  Provincetown  town- 
ship, Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  at  the  northern  extremity  of 
the  long  peninsula  called  Cape  Cod.  It  is  65  miles  by  water 
•and  118  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  good 
harbor,  and  contains  a  national  bank,  a  public  library,  a 
newspaper  office,  2  hotels,  a  high  school,  and  several  ■ 
churches.  It  is  mainly  supported  by  cod-  and  mackerel- 
fisheries.     Pop.  of  the  township,  4357. 

Prov'ince  Wellesley,  wfilz'lee,  a  British  colony  :n 
the  AV.  coast  of  the  Malay  Peninsula,  immediately  oppo- 
site Penang,  consists  of  a  strip  of  country  35  miles  in 
length  by  4  miles  in  breadth.  Area,  236  square  miles. 
Pop.  71,433,  mostly  Malays.  It  is  under  the  lieutenant- 
governor  of  Penang,  and  is  one  of  the  Straits  Settlements. 

Provins,  proViN"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-et- 
Marne,  30  miles  E.  of  Melun.  Pop.  7176.  It  is  enclosed 
by  high  walls,  and  has  a  communal  college,  a  tribunal  of 
commerce,  and  a  trade  in  grain  and  wool.  It  has  many 
flour-mills,  and  manufactures  of  leather,  bricks,  <fec. 

Provi'so,  a  post-township  of  Cook  co..  111.,  about  10 
miles  AV.  of  Chicago,  is  intersected  by  the  Des  Plainea 


PRO 


2220 


PRU 


Rlvor  and  the  Cliicago  Jk  Northwestorn  Railroad.  It  ooii' 
Uins  a  villnge  nninod  Mnyvrood.     Pop.  in  189U,  6331. 

Pro'vo,  or  Frovo  City*  a  city,  tho  onpital  of  Utah 
eo.,  Utah,  ia  od  the  Provo  Kivor,  nearly  3  miloa  E.  of  Utah 
Lake,  and  near  the  W.  hiuie  of  the  Wahsatch  Unnge  of 
uountnins.  It  U  on  tho  Uuih  Southern  Railroad,  48  wiles 
6.S.E.  of  Salt  Lake  City.  It  cuntiiins  a  town  hull,  a  theatre, 
■everal  flouring-mllU,  tanneries,  <lke.,  and  is  surrounded  by 
fertile  land,  the  staple  products  of  whieh  are  wheat,  grass, 
and  wool.     Pop.  in  1380,  3432;  iu  18V0,  6l5i). 

Prshedborsh,  Poland.    See  Piiziibduouz. 

Prudhoc  Land,  Arctic  Ocean.  Soo  Hayes  Peminbula. 

Prudhomine,  prood'hum  or  prii'dotn',  a  post-office  of 
St  Landry  parish,  La.,  14  miles  W.  of  Opelousas. 

Prudiiik,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Nkustadt. 

Prilin,  priim,  a  town  of  Prussia,  33  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Treves.     Pop.  2083. 

PrunnersdorffprSSn'n^rs-doRf,  orBrunnersdorf, 
brSun'n^rs-doitr,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  12  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Saatz.     Pop.  1100. 

Prun'ty'8,  a  post-office  of  Henry  co.,  Va. 

Pruu'tytown,  or  Williainsport,  a  post-village  of 
Taylor  co.,  W.  Va.,  3  miles  W.  of  Fetterman,  and  5  miles 
S.W.  of  Grafton  Station  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  wngon-shop,  a  tannery,  and  a  Hour- 
mill.     Tho  name  of  its  post-office  is  Pruntytown. 

Prusa,  a  city  of  Asia  Minor.    See  BiiusA. 

Prnschanz,  a  town  of  Poland.    See  Pruszant. 

Prussia,  prush'ya  or  proo'she-a  (Ger.  Preussen,  prois'- 
s^n  ;  Dutch,  Pruissen,  prois's^n  ;  Fr.  Prutse,  priiss  ;  L.  Prut'- 
tia),  a  kingdom  of  Central  Europe,  and  the  chief  state  of 
the  German  Empire,  comprising  the  greater  part  of  North 
Germany.  It  was  formerly  composed  of  two  distinct  and 
very  unequal  portions,  separated  by  Brunswick,  Hesse, 
Waldeck,  Lippe,  and  Nassau ;  but  since  the  annexation  of 
Laucnburg,  Hanover,  Electoral  Hesse,  the  territories  of 
Frankfurt  and  Nassau,  and  the  duchies  of  Holstein  and 
Sleswiok,  with  portions  of  Bavaria,  and  the  grand  duchy 
of  Hesse,  in  1866,  it  forms  one  compact  territory  from  G° 
to  22°  65'  E.  and  40°  6'  to  55°  55'  N.  It  is  bounded  S.  by 
France,  BaVaria,  Saxony,  Bohemia,  and  Silesia;  AV.  by  the 
Netherlands  and  Belgium  ;  N.  by  Denmark  and  the  Baltic; 
N.E.  and  E.  by  Russia.  Its  length,  E.  to  W.,  is  about  700 
miles ;  breadth,  N.  to  S.,  470  miles.  The  following  are  tho 
provinces  into  which  Prussia  is  divided,  with  their  areas 
in  English  square  miles  and  population  as  given  in  the 
census  returns  of  1880  and  ISDO. 


Area  in  sq,  ni. 

East  Prussia 14,44G 

West  Prussia 9,964 

Berlin  (city) 25 

Brandeuburg 16,660 

Pomerauia I1,70jS 

Posen 11,311 

Silesia 15,74:i 

Saxony 9,803 

Sleswick-IIolstein...    7,300 

Heligoland J 

Hanover IS.ail 

Westphalia 7,892 

Hesse-Nassau 6,128 

Khenish  Prussia 10,543 

Hoheuzollern 447 

Total 136,076j 


Pop.  in  1880. 

Pop.  in  1890. 

l,9:i3,93G 

1,958,132 

1,406,898 

1,433,480 

1,122,330 

1,579.2-14 

2,200,825 

2,642,401 

1,540,034 

1,521,211 

1,703,397 

1,762,1194 

4,1107,925 

4,223,807 

S3l2,lXl7 

2,679,852 

1,127,149 

1,217,393 

2,080 

2,120,168 

2,280,491 

2,143,-442 

2,428,730 

1,654,376 

1,004,000 

4,074,000 

4,710,313 

67,024 

66,148 

27,279,111         2l»,859,388 


besides  the  above,  the  principality  of  Waldeck,  including 
Pyrmont,  has  since  1868  oeen  under  Prussian  administra- 
tion, but  is  not  regarded  as  a  part  of  the  kingdom. 

The  surface  of  Prussia  is  in  general  flat,  e.xeept  in  the 
province  of  Saxony,  where  it  is  traversed  by  parts  of  the 
Harz  Mountains  and  the  Thilringerwald ;  and  in  the  S., 
between  Silesia  and  Bohemia,  by  the  Riesen-Gcbirge,  or 
Giant  Mountains.  The  E.  provinces  belong  to  the  basin 
of  tho  Baltic,  in  which  the  chief  rivers  are  the  Memol  or 
Niemcn,  th«  Prcgcl,  Vistula,  and  Oder,  with  its  affluent 
the  Warta.  The  VV.  provinces  belong  to  the  basin  of  the 
North  Sea,  and  are  watered  by  the  Elbe,  and  its  affluents 
the  Saale,  Havel,  and  Spree,  tho  Weser,  Ems,  and  Rhine, 
with  its  affluents  the  >Ioselle  and  Lippe.  'The  canal  of 
Broraberg  connects  the  Vistula  with  tho  Warta ;  the  canal 
of  Finow  unites  the  Oder  with  the  Harve,  an  affluent  of  the 
Elbe;  the  canal  of  Frederick  William  connects  the  Oder 
with  the  Spree ;  and  the  Eider  Canal  connects  tho  Baltic 
with  the  North  Sea.  The  Rhino,  which  is  here  navigable 
for  large  vessels  and  is  celebrated  for  its  picturesque  beauty, 
Rcparates  Rhenish  Prussia  into  two  parts,  each  of  which 
has  an  elevated  table-land  and  a  low  plain ;  the  chief  part 
of  the  table-land  lies  N.  of  the  Moselle,  on  the  left  bank 


of  the  Rhine,  and  ia  called  the  Eifel  and  tho  Iloho 
Veen,  1000  feet  in  elevation.  This  region  is  of  basaltio 
formation,  intermixed  with  tracts  of  lava;  it  presents  ovi- 
dent  traces  of  volcanic  action.  On  the  right  bank  of  tho 
Rhine,  the  tablo-livnd  forms  the  elevated  ridge  of  the  Tan. 
nus,  about  2000  feet ;  culminating  point,  the  Fcldburg,  2860 
feet  above  the  sea.  This  table-land  extends  N.  between  the 
rivers  Lahn  and  Sieg,  where  it  is  called  the  WoHtcrwald; 
mean  elevation,  1000  feet.  The  coast-line  of  Prussia  is 
the  Baltic  on  the  N.,  covered  with  extensive  lagoon.t,  tho 
principal  of  which  are  tho  Curische-Haff  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Niemcn,  the  Frische-HafT at  the  mouths  of  the  Vistula 
and  Pregel,  and  the  Stcttinor-llalF  at  tho  wouth  of  the 
Oder;  and  tho  North  Sea  on  the  W.,  in  Sleswick-Kolstoin 
and  Hanover.  The  level  E.  provinces  are  remarkable  for 
the  great  number  of  lakes  they  contain ;  of  these.  Lake 
Spirding  has  an  area  of  20  square  miles,  and  Lake  Maucr 
is  nearly  as  largo.  Tho  entire  area  of  the  "  haffs"  on  the 
Baltic,  and  of  tho  lakes  throughout  Prussia,  is  about  1550 
square  miles.  Tho  chief  islands  of  Prussia  are  KUgon, 
Usedom,  Femern,  Alsen,  and  Wollin,  in  the  Baltic,  and 
the  North  Frisian  Islands  of  the  North  Sea.  Tho  cliinnte, 
generally  temperate  and  salubrious,  is  humid  and  cold  in  the 
N.  Mean  tcuii)erature  of  the  year  in  East  Prussia  (Prus- 
sia proper)  in  54°  30'  N.,  at  an  elevation  of  40  feet,  43° ; 
Central  Prussia,  in  52°  30'  N.,  elevation  210  feet,  48°; 
Rhenish  Prussia,  lat.  51°,  elevation  250  feet,  49°.5  Fahr. 
Mean  annual  rainfall  in  the  W.  provinces,  20  inches,  do- 
creasing  towards  the  E.  Prevailing  winds  W.,  and  cold 
often  severe.  The  soil  is  fertile  in  many  places,  and  grain 
is  exported  to  a  considerable  extent.  The  most  fertile  dis- 
tricts occur  along  the  course  of  tho  Niemcn  nnd  Vi.stula,  on 
the  left  bank  of  tho  Oder,  and  on  the  Elbe,  whore  the 
vicinity  of  Magdeburg  is  so  fertile  that  it  is  called  the  gran- 
ary of  Berlin.  The  most  barren  region  is  the  Tiiehler 
Heide,  in  the  province  of  West  Prussia,  50  miles  long  nnd 
25  miles  broad,  covered  with  sand  nnd  stunted  shrubs.  Tho 
capital  is  situated  in  an  extensive  sandy  plain,  which  is  in- 
terspersed with  fertile  tracts  and  covered  in  some  places 
with  fine  forests.  Agriculture,  forming  tlie  chief  source  of 
national  wealth,  is  carefully  conducted  ;  the  principal  crops 
are  wheat,  rye,  oats,  barley,  flax,  hemp,  hops,  sugar,  beet- 
root, and  tobacco;  fruit-culture  has  been  widely  extended 
of  late  years,  and  the  forests  furnish  excellent  timber. 
The  vine  is  cultivated  in  Rhenish  Prussia  on  the  bunks  of 
the  Moselle  and  Rhine,  and  to  a  small  extent  in  detached 
districts  of  Central  and  East  Prussia.  The  pa.«turngo  is 
excellent;  sheep,  cattle,  and  horses,  of  improved  breed.",  are 
extensively  reared.  Wool  is  an  important  product.  Goats 
are  reared  in  the  mountain-districts  of  Silesia  and  Saxony; 
swine  in  Pomerania,  Saxony,  and  Westphalia,  which  last 
is  celebrated  for  its  hams.  Wild  boars,  stngs,  fallow-deer, 
hares,  and  rabbits  are  plentiful,  as  are  wolves  nnd  foxes; 
bears  are  seldom  met  with.  The  lynx,  beaver,  badger,  otter, 
weasel,  and  marten  are  common,  but  the  ermine  is  rare. 
Wild  geese  are  extremely  numerous.  Bees  are  extensively 
reared,  and  the  breeding  of  the  silk-worm  has  made  some 
progress.  The  fisheries  on  the  shores  of  the  Baltic  and  in 
the  lakes  and  rivers  are  important.  Mines  of  iron,  coal, 
copper,  lead,  zinc,  cobalt,  alum,  and  salt  are  worked  in  tho 
provinces  of  Rhenish  Prussia  and  AVestphalia,  and  in  the 
Harz  Mountains ;  and  mining  industry  is  on  the  increase. 
The  mountains  contain  marble  and  some  of  the  precious 
stones,  and  there  are  many  mineral  springs.  Amber  is 
fished  from  the  sea,  or  found  on  the  shores  of  the  Baltic. 
The  manufactures  of  Prussia  are  very  extensive,  and  in- 
creasing in  value;  tho  chief  branches  are  linens,  in  all  the 
provinces ;  woollen  cloths  and  cottons,  in  Rhenish  Prussia, 
at  Barmen,  Crefeld,  and  Elberfeld;  silk  stuffs,  iron-founding, 
porcelain-  and  glass-making,  carriage-building,  saddlery, 
chemical  products,  beet-root-sugar-making,  sugar-refining, 
and  brewing.  Commerce  is  very  active  in  Prussia,  and  has 
been  greatly  developed  by  the  establishment  of  the  com- 
mercial customs-union  {ZoUverein),  by  the  many  navigable 
rivers,  exoellent  roads,  and  canals,  and  by  railways,  of 
which  upwards  of  14,600  miles  were  open  in  1 886  ;  there  are 
upwards  of  3500  miles  of  river  and  500  miles  of  canal  nav- 
igation ;  connected  with  these  are  linos  of  telegraph  ex- 
tending to  the  chief  points  on  the  frontier ;  and  the  postal 
arrangements  are  excellent.  The  population  of  Prussia  ii 
made  up  principally  of  the  German  race,  but  there  are 
large  numbers  of  Wends,  Poles,  Jews,  Letts,  and  Gypsies, 
chiefly  in  the  E.  In  the  W.  and  N.W.  are  found  some 
Frisians,  Dutch,  and  Walloons.  The  government  is  a 
hereditary  monarchy,  nnd  the  present  constitution  date* 
from  1850,  but  is  modified  by  more  recent  acts.  The  ex- 
ecutive government  is  carried  on  under  the  king  bv  a 


PRU 


2227 


PUE 


council  of  ministers,  while  the  legislative  authority  rests 
with  a  representative  assembly  of  two  chiunbors,  the  second 
elected  by  manhood  suffrage.  Each  province  has  a  gov- 
ernor and  a  military  commandant,  a  court  of  justice,  and 
A  consistorj',  all  appointed  by  the  king.  Protestantism  is 
the  religion  of  the  royal  family  and  of  the  majority  of  the 
people,  but  all  other  sects  have  freedom  of  worship.  Pub- 
lic instruction  is  more  developed  in  Prussia  than  in  any 
other  country  of  Europe  ;  attendance  at  school  is  enforced 
by  law.  The  10  universities  of  Prussia  are  at  Berlin,  Bonn, 
Breslau,  Halle,  Greifswald,  Kcinigsberg,  Eriangen,  Gtit- 
tin^en,  Kiel,  and  Marburg.  In  the  middle  of  the  thirteenth 
century  the  Teutonic  knights  subjugated  East  Prussia  and 
converted  the  people  to  Christianity.  Albert  of  Branden- 
bur",  grand  master  of  the  order,  appropriated  the  country 
in  1525;  his  family  augmented  these  possessions;  and 
Frederick,  one  of  his  descendants,  obtained  the  title  of 
king  in  1701.  By  the  treaty  of  Utrecht,  William  I.  ob- 
Uincd  a  portion  of  the  duchy  of  Gelders;  he  acquired  the 
duchy  of  Limburg,  and  took  from  Sweden  the  greater  part 
of  Pomerania.  Frederick  II.  (the  Great)  conquered  Si- 
lesia, which  was  abandoned  by  Austria  in  1742;  this  king 
and  his  successor  took  part  in  the  dismemberment  of  Po- 
land, and  thus  acquired  the  grand  duchy  of  Poscn,  By  the 
treaty  of  Tilsit,  Prussia  was  deprived  of  all  her  possessions 
between  the  Rhine  and  the  Elbe  and  of  the  greater  part  of 
Prussian  Poland ;  but  in  1815,  after  the  fall  of  Napoleon 
I.,  the  Congress  of  Vienna  restored  these  estates,  except  a 
part  of  Poland,  and  granted  to  Prussia  a  part  of  Saxony 
and  the  duchy  of  the  Lower  Rhine.  In  1866,  after  the 
(  Buccessful  war  against  Austria,  Prussia  was  greatly  enlarged 
by  the  annexation  of  the  kingdom  of  Hanover,  the  elec- 
torate of  Hesse-Cassel,  the  duchy  of  Nassau,  and  other 
German  territories.  The  Danish  war  ended  with  the  an- 
nexation of  Sleswick,  Holstein,  and  Lauenburg.  January 
18,  1871,  the  King  of  Prussia  was  proclaimed  at  Versailles, 
near  Paris,  "Deutscher  Kaiser,"  or  German  Emperor.  Mil- 
itary service  for  three  years  is  imperative  on  all  males,  who 
Bnbsequently  pass  four  years  in  the  reserve  and  five  years 
in  the  landwehr.  On  leaving  this  they  are  enrolled  in  the 
landtturm,  which  is  called  out  for  active  service  within  the 
I  frontiers  of  the  country  only  in  case  of  invasion.  See  also 
(  Germany,  East  Prussia,  West  Prussia,  Rhenish  Prus- 

;  8IA,  and  the  other  provinces  of  the  kingdom. Adj.  and 

inhab.   Prussian,  priish'yan    or   proo'shan   (Ger.  PiiEUS- 
'  SISCH,  prois'sish  ;  Fr.  Prussien,  prils^se-iN"'). 

Prussia,  prush'ya,   a  township  of  Adair  cc,   Iowa. 
Pop.  222. 
Prussia  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Adair  co.,  Iowa. 
Pruszany,  proo-shi'nee,  or  Pruschanz,  proo'shints, 
a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  79  miles  S.S.E.  of  Grodno. 
Pop.  4970. 

Pruth,  pruth  (Ger.  pron.  proot),  a  river  of  East  Europe, 
rises  in  the  Carpathian  Mountains,  flows  at  first  E.,  through 
■  Galicia  and  the  Bukowina,  and  afterwards  S.S.E. ,  between 
'  Eoumania  and  Bessarabia,  and  at  Reni,  75  miles  from  the 
Black  Sea,  joins  the  Danube.     Total  course,  360  miles. 

Pry 'or  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  Nation,  Indian 
Territory. 

'     Pry'orsburg,  a  post-village  of  Graves  co.,  Ivy.,  on  the 
'  Paducah  &  Memphis  Railroad,  at  Pryor's  Station,  32  miles 
S.  of  Paducah.     It  has  a  church, 
Pryor's  Station,  Polk  co.,  Ga.    See  Prior's  Station, 
Pryor's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Douglas  co.,  Mo.,  about 
36  miles  S.E.  of  Springfield. 
Prypec,  or  Prypetz,  Russia.    See  Pripets. 
Przasznic,  or  Przasznitz,  pzhish'nits,  a  town  of 
Poland,  59  miles  N.E,  of  Plock.     Pop.  3900. 

Przcmysl,  pzhdm'isl,  or  Fremislia,  pri-mis'Ie-i,  a 
jtown  of  Austrian  Galicia,  at  a  railway  junction,  61  miles 
|W.  of  Lomberg.  Pop.  15,400.  It  has  Roman  Catholic  and 
Greek  United  bishops,  a  Benedictine  monastery,  a  hospital, 
a  gymnasium,  and  manufactures  of  linens  and  leather, 
Przerow,  a  town  of  Moravia.  See  Prerau. 
Przestitz,pzh5s'tit«,  or  Brzestitz,bzh5s'tits,  atown 
of  Bohemia,  12  miles  N.  of  Klattau.     Pop.  2535. 

Przeworsk,  pzhi'^onsk,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia, 
22  miles  E.  of  Rzeszow,     Pop.  2243. 

Przhedborz,or  Prshedborsh,  phzSd'borsh,  a  town 

of  Poland,  55  miles  W.S.W.  of  Radom.     Pop.  5151. 

Przibislaw,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Primislau, 

Przibram,  pzhee'brim,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  21  miles 

S.S.W.  of  Beraun.     Pop.  9455,     It  has  a  castle,  manufae- 

tnres  of  woollen  cloth,  potash-works,  and  rich  silver-  and 

Eld-mines. 
Przysucha,  pzhe-soo'Kd,  a  town  of  Poland,  province 
d  24  miles  W.S.W.  of  Radom.    Pop.  2664. 


Psara,  an  island  in  the  iRgean  Sea.     See  Ipsara. 

I'selcis,  the  ancient  name  of  Dakickh. 

Psilorati,  pse-lo-ri'tee.  Mount  (anc.  Mount  I'dn^, 
the  most  lofty  mountain  of  Crete,  near  its  centre,  ha.<  an 
elevation  of  7674  feet.  Mount  Ida  was  anciently  closely 
connected  with  the  worship  of  Zeus  (Jupiter),  who  is  said 
to  have  been  brought  up  in  a  cave  in  this  mountain. 

Psiol,pse-ol',  Psioul,pse-oor,  or  Psia,  psli,  a  river 
of  Russia,  governments  of  Jvoorsk,  Kharkov,  and  Poltav.a, 
after  a  S.S.W,  course  of  300  miles,  joins  the  Dnieper  10 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Krementchoog, 

Pskov,  or  Pskow,  pskov,  written  also  Pskof,  a  gov- 
ernment of  Russia,  between  lat.  56°  and  58°  N.  and  Ion. 
27°  15'  .and  32°  E.,  enclosed  by  the  governments  of  St. 
Petersburg,  Novgorod,  Tver,  Smolensk,  Vitebsk,  and  Livo- 
nia. Area,  17,318  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1870,  775,701. 
The  surface  is  mostly  flat.  The  rivers  are  numerous,  but 
none  large.  At  its  N.W.  extremity  is  the  Lake  of  Pskov, 
connected  with  that  of  Peipus.  The  soil  is  infertile;  the 
forests  are  extensive.  The  government  is  subdivided  into 
8  districts.  The  principal  towns  are  Pskov,  the  capital, 
Toropetz,  and  Velikeo  Looki, 

Pskov,  or  Pieskov,  pl6s-kov',  the  capital  of  the  above 
government,  on  the  Velikaia,  near  its  mouth  in  Lake  Pskov, 
162  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Petersburg.  Pop.  18,331.  It  is  partly 
built  of  stone,  and  comprises  the  citadel,  the  middle  town, 
and  the  great  town,  all  enclosed  by  earthen  ramparts.  The 
principal  buildings  are  the  archbishop's  residence  and  the 
consistory,  a  cathedral,  numerous  churches,  convents,  and 
schools.  It  has  manufactures  of  leather,  a  considerable  ex- 
port trade,  and  an  annual  fair,  at  which  woollen,  silk,  and 
cotton  fabrics,  leather,  books,  jewelry,  <fec.,  are  sold. 

Pskov,  a  lake  of  Russia,  between  the  governments  of 
Pskov  and  St.  Petersburg,  is  a  S.  arm  of  Lake  Peijms,  22 
miles  in  length ;  greatest  breadth,  12  miles.  It  receives  the 
Velikaia  River  on  the  S.E. 

Psyra,  the  ancient  name  of  Ipsara. 

Ptarmigan  (tar'm^-gan)  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain 
in  lat.  39°  42'  N.,  Ion.  106°  1'  W.  It  has  an  altitude  of 
about  12,200  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Ptchalsko,  p'chil'sko,  or  Ptchamskoe,  p'chim'- 
sko-i',  a  river  and  lake  of  Siberia,  in  the  N.W.  part  of  the 
government  of  Yeniseisk.  The  lake  is  about  35  miles  long 
by  15  miles  broad.  The  river  issues  from  the  lake,  flows 
N.,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  150  miles,  falls  into  the 
Arctic  Ocean  between  the  mouths  of  the  Obi  and  Yenisei. 

Ptitch,  or  Ptisch,  p'titch  or  pteech,  a  river  of  Rus- 
sia, rises  in  the  government  of  Minsk,  flows  S.E.  and  S., 
and  joins  the  Pripets  20  miles  above  Mozyr.  Total  course, 
200  miles. 

Ptolemais.    See  Tolometa,  Menshieh,  and  Acre. 

Pubiedziska,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Pudewitz, 

Pubna,  a  town  of  Bengal.    See  Pabna, 

Pubnico  (pub-nee'ko)  Harbor,  a  post-village  in  Yar- 
mouth CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  17  miles  from  Barrington. 

Pu-Ching-Hien,  China.     See  Poo-Ching-IIien. 

Pucho,  poo'Ko',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  19  miles 
N.E.  of  Trentschin,  on  the  Waag.     Pop.  1664. 

Puch-Puri,  pooch -poo'ree,  a  town  of  Siam,  on  the  W, 
coast  of  the  Gulf  of  Siam,     Lat,  12°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  100°  E. 

Pu-Chu,  a  city  of  China.    See  Poo-Choo, 

Puchuncavi,  poo'choon-ki'vee,  also  written  Pucun> 
chavi,  a  town  of  Chili,  on  the  coast,  36  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Valparaiso,     Pop.  819. 

Puckawa  Lake,  Wisconsin,    See  Pacawa  Lake. 

Pucker  Brush,  a  post-office  of  Wabash  co.,  Ind. 

Puck'ett's  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C, 
7  miles  N,  by  E.  of  Ninety-Six. 

Puckett  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coweta  co.,  Ga,, 
on  the  Atlanta  &  West  Point  Railroad,  6  or  6  miles  S,  of 
Newnan,     It  has  a  church, 

Pudewitz,  poo'd§h-*its\  or  Pubiedziska,  poo-be- 
5d-zis'ki,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  and  15  miles  E,N.E. 
of  Posen.     Pop.  2043. 

Pudlein,  pood'line,  or  Podolin,  a  town  of  Hungary, 
CO.  of  Zips,  on  the  Poprad,  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Kesmark. 
Pop.  1510.     It  has  an  ancient  castle  and  colleges. 

Pudukota,  India.     See  Poodoocottah. 

Puebia,  pwfib'li  or  poo-6b'14,  or  Pueblo,  Spanish 
words  denoting  a  "  collection  of  people,"  also  a  "  town  or 
village,"  forming  a  part  of  numerous  names  in  Spain  and 
Spanish  America. 

Pucbia,  pw5b'lil,  or  La  Puebia,  1&  pw£b'l&.,  a  state 
of  Mexico,  between  lat.  16°  20'  and  20°  15'  N.  and  Ion.  97° 
and  99°  16'  W.,  enclosed  by  the  states  of  Mexico,  Vera 
Cruz,  and  Oajaca.  Area,  12,015  square  miles.  Pop.  784,466. 
Its  central  part  belongs  to  the  Anahuao  table-land,  and 


PUE 


2228 


PUG 


within  It  is  the  roloano  of  Popooatopctl.     It  contains  the 
towns  of  Puebla,  Cholula,  and  Tehuacan. 
I'ucbia,    or    La  Puebin  de   los  Augcles,  1& 

p\T£b'l&  (14  loco  &ng'n&-lAs  ("tho  city  of  the  angola, "  so 
named  from  its  beautiful  situation),  the  oapitivl  of  tlio  above 
State,  is  situated  on  a  declivity,  at  the  junction  of  three 
railways,  76  miles  direct  and  208  miles  by  rail  E.S.B.  of 
Mexico,  and  130  miles  W.  of  Vera  CruE.  Pop.  75,000.  It 
is  regnlarly  built  and  well  ])aved.  The  houses  arc  of  stone, 
and  many  have  iron  baloonios  and  painteii  fronts.  It  has 
a  va»t  number  of  richly-decorated  religious  edifices,  nn 
episcopal  and  two  other  colleges,  and  manufactures  of 
glass,  shawls,  pottery,  earthenware,  and  soap.  It  was 
talcen  by  the  French  in  March,  1863. 

Puebla,  La,  or  Poblat,  pob-l&t',  a  small  town  of 
Majorca,  27  miles  N.E.  of  Pahua.     Pop.  3012. 

Puebla.  For  other  town-names  beginning  thus,  see 
La  Puebla. 

Pueblo,  pwfib'Io,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of 
Colorado,  has  an  area  of  about  2400  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Arlcansas  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the 
Huerfano  and  Greenhorn  Ilivers  and  Fontaine  qui  Bouillo 
and  Squirrel  Creeks.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly  and 
mountainous.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  the  climate  is  dry. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  cattle,  and  oats  are  tho  staple  products. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Denver  A  Rio  Grande, 
Atchison,  Topelca  &  Santa  F6,  Chicago,  Rock  Island  & 
Pacific,  and  other  railroads.  Capital,  Pueblo.  Pop.  in 
1870,  2265;  in  1880,  7617;  in  1890,  31,491. 

Pueblo,  a  post-town,  the  capital  of  Pueblo  co..  Col.,  is 
on  the  Arkansas  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Fountain  Creek, 
45  miles  S.  of  Colorado  Springs,  and  40  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Caiion  City.  It  is  connected  with  these  places  by  the  Den- 
ver A  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  and  is  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka 
A  Santa  F6  Railroad.  It  is  the  most  important  town  in 
Southern  Colorado.  It  has  3  dniiy  and  7  weekly  news- 
papers, several  churches,  2  national  banks,  1  other  bank, 
and  2  flouring-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  24,568. 

Pueblo  de  los  Angeles,  Cal.    See  Los  Angeles. 

Pueblo  Viejo,pwfib'lo  ve-4'HO  ("old  town"),  a  mari- 
time town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Vera  Cruz,  6  miles  S.E.  of 
Tampico,  on  Lake  Tampico.  Pop.  1500,  who  export  large 
quantities  of  salted  prawns  to  the  interior. 

Puelches,  pwfll'chfis,  a  tribe  of  Indians  in  Patagonia. 

Puente,  pwfin'tS.  or  poo-4n'ti,  a  Spanish  word  signi- 
fying a  "  bridge,"  a  prefix  to  the  names  of  numerous  towns 
of  Spain.    See  Poste. 

Puente  de  Eume,  pwSn'ti  di  ^'oo-mil,  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  13  miles  E.  of  Corunna,  on  the  Eume. 

Puente  de  Genii,  pwSn'ti  di  ni-neel',  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  27  miles  S.  of  Cordova,  on  the  Genii. 
Pop.  7833,  engaged  in  woollen-weaving  and  in  oil-  and 
earthenware-factories. 

Puente  la  Reina,  pwfin'ti  li  ri'ni,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pamplona,  on  the  Arga, 
here  crossed  by  four  bridges.     Pop.  2858. 

Puente  Nacional,  pwfin'ti  n4-se-o-nil',  a  village  of 
Mexico,  about  45  miles  N.W.  of  Vera  Cruz.  It  is  situated 
on  a  small  stream,  here  crossed  by  a  bridge,  and  contains 
an  old  fort.  A  skirmish  took  place  here,  August  11,  1847, 
between  an  American  force  and  a  party  of  Mexicans. 

Puentes  de  Garcia  Rodriguez,  pwfin'tfis  di  gan- 
thee'i  ro-Dree'ghflth,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  24 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Corunna.     Pop.  1934. 

Puerco,  Rio,  ree'o  pwfta'ko,  a  river  of  New  Mexico, 
runs  southward  through  the  cos.  of  Santa  Ana  and  Berna- 
lillo, and  enters  the  Rio  Grande  about  22  miles  N.  of  So- 
corro.    It  is  nearly  160  miles  long. 

Puers,  pU'aiR',  a  town  of  Belgium,  province  and  12 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  4100. 

Puerto,  pwfiR'to  or  poo-4ii'to,  a  Spanish  word  signi- 
fying "port,"  forming  the  prefix  to  many  names  in  Spain 
and  South  America,  Ac. 

Puerto  Atacames,  the  Spanish  for  Porto  Atacames. 

Puerto  Bello,  pwjR'to  bel'yo  {i.e.,  "fine  harbor"),  a 
seaport  town  of  the  republic  of  Colombia,  department  and 
40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Panama,  on  the  N.  side  of  its  isthmus. 
It  is  surrounded  by  mountains  and  is  unhealthy,  but,  in 
spite  of  the  excessive  heat  to  which  it  is  subject,  the  ex- 
cellence of  the  harbor  rendered  it  formerly  of  high  com- 
mercial importance.     It  has  now  greatly  declined. 

Puerto  Caballos,  Honduras.    See  Caballos. 

Puerto  Cabello,  pwia'to  ka-vfil'yo,  a  city  of  Venezu- 
ela, state  of  Carabobo,  on  the  Gulf  of  Triste,  20  miles  N.W.  of 
Valencia.  It  has  a  spacious,  safe  port,  with  a  mole  and  good 
wharves,  a  custom-house,  a  large  garrisoned  fort,  a  large 
municipal  building  (including  a  prison,  barracks,  and  post- 


offloe),  a  hospital,  a  charitable  institution,  and  manufuctarrg 
of  soap,  tiles,  leather,  and  candles.    The  import  iind  e.vi 
trade  is  largo.     Loading  articles  of  export  are  colFcu,  im 
hides,  skins,  indigo,  logwood,  fustic,  Ac.    Tho  town  is  <i, 
and  well  paved,  and  was  once  the  terminus  of  a  short  mil- 
roa<l,  now  abandoned.    The  warehouses  and  publio  gardens 
are  largo  and  well  kept.     Pop.  8467. 

Puerto  de  la  Mar,  or  Port  la  Mar.    See  Cobija. 

Puerto  del  Padre,  pwAn'to  ddl  p4'dr4,  a  harbor  oa 
tho  N.H.  coast  of  the  island  of  Cuba.  Lat.  21°  17'  K.. 
Ion.  76°  42'  W.  It  has  a  long  and  narrow  entrance,  and' 
aObrds  excellent  anchorage. 

Puerto  del  Triunfo,  pwfln'to  d51  tre-oon'fo,  a  sea. 

Sort  of  Central  America,  in  San  Salvador,  on  the  Hay  of 
iquillisoo. 

Puerto  de  Luna,  pwfin'to  d4  loo'ni,  a  post-village  of 
San  Miguel  co.,  New  Mexico,  on  tho  Pecos  River,  200 miles 
from  El  Moro,  Col.     It  has  2  churches. 

Puerto  de  Orotava,  pwfiu'to  di  o-ro-tl'v&,  or  Port 
Orotava,  a  seaport  of  the  Canaries,  on  the  N.  side  of  the 
island  of  Teneriffe,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Orotava,  of  which  it  ii 
tho  port.  It  has  a  silk-factory.  Its  harbor  is  bad,  and  the 
trade  is  limited.     Pop.  3573. 

Puerto  de  Santa  Maria, pwiR'todisln'tlmil-ree'l, 
a  city  of  Spain,  province  and  7  miles  N.E.  of  Cadiz,  on  the 
Uuadiilete,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Bay  of  Cadiz.  It  is  the 
principal  place  for  the  export  of  the  wines  of  Jeres  (Xeros), 
7  miles  by  rail  N.E.  It  has  manufactures  of  brandy, 
leather,  soap,  Ac.     Pop.  19,247. 

Puerto  Llano,  pwSn'to  li'no,  a  town  of  Spain,  pro?* 
ince  and  21  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ciudad  Real.     Pop.  2673. 

Puerto  Mahon,  the  Spanish  name  of  Port  MAnoir. 

Puerto  Montt,  pwfin'to  mont,  incorrectly  called  Port 
Monte,  a  town  of  Chili,  capital  of  tho  province  of  Llan- 
quihuo,  on  an  excellent  harbor  at  the  head  of  Reloncari 
Bay,  60  miles  direct  E.N.E.  of  Ancud.  It  has  a  large  trade 
in  lumber.     Pop.  4000. 

Puerto  Naranjo,  pwfiR'to  nl-ring'no  (j.e.,  "Port 
Orange"),  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Cuba,  about  50  miles  E.  of 
Puerto  del  Padre.     It  has  a  good  harbor. 

Puerto  Principe,  pwdR'to  preen'so-pi,  Porto 
Principe,  poR'to  preen'se-pA,  or  Santa  Maria  de 
Puerto  Principe,  sin'ti  m4-rce'&  d4  pwin'to  proon'so- 
pi,  an  inland  city  of  Cuba,  36  miles  S.S.W.  of  its  port, 
Nuevitas,  on  the  N.  coast,  between  the  rivulets  of  Tiniina 
and  Jatibonico.  A  railway,  44  miles  in  length,  connects 
Puerto  Principe  with  Nuevitas.     Pop.  30,685. 

Puerto  Real,  pwfiR'to  ri-il',  a  seaport  town  of  Spain, 
province  of  Cadiz,  on  the  bay  and  6  miles  by  rail  £.  of 
Cadiz.     Pop.  6544.     It  has  manufivctures  of  leather. 

Puerto  Rico,  West  Indies.     See  Porto  Rico. 

Puerto  Santa  Elena.    See  Saixt  Helena  Port. 

Puerto  Viejo,  pwfiR'to  ve-i'no  ("old  port"),  a  town 
of  Ecuador,  capital  of  Manabi,  85  miles  N.>(  .W.  of  Guaya- 
quil, on  a  small  river  flowing  into  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

Puffin,  or  Priest'holm,  an  islet  of  North  Wales,  oo. 
and  off  the  N.E.  coast  of  Anglesey. 

Puffin  Island,  a  rocky  islet  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kerry, 
at  St.  Finnan's  Bay,  3  miles  S.  of  Valentia  Island. 

Puffin  Island,  of  Newfoundland,  near  the  entrance 
of  Green's  Pond  Harbor.  Lat.  49°  3'  37"  N.;  Ion.  63°  22' 
27"  W.     On  it  is  a  light-l)ouse. 

Paget  (pu'j?t)  Sound,  AVashington,  is  a  large  body  of 
salt  water,  or  inland  sea,  which  communicates  with  Admi- 
ralty Inlet  and  the  Strait  of  Juan  do  Fuca.  It  is  navi- 
gable by  large  ships,  penetrates  far  into  the  interior,  and  is 
divided  into  several  branches,  which  afford  great  facilities 
for  navigation  to  the  cos.  of  Pierce,  King,  Kitsap,  and  Thurs- 
ton. Some  parts  of  this  sound  are  about  150  miles  from  the 
Pacific  Ocean.  Large  vessels  can  ride  close  to  the  shores  of 
this  sound,  and  can  load  or  unload  without  the  intervention 
of  wharves.  Great  quantities  of  lumber  (pine  and  fir)  are 
procured  in  the  counties  mentioned  above  and  shipped  on 
this  sound.  The  shores  of  these  inlets  are  remarkably  bold, 
so  that  in  many  places  a  ship's  side  would  strike  the  shoie 
before  the  keel  would  touch  the  ground. 

Pugh,  Belmont  co.,  0.    See  Burton's. 

Pughman,  poog-min',  Pemghan,  pfim-gln',  or 
Pamghan,  pim-g£n',  a  mountain-range  of  Afghanistan, 
subordinate  to  that  of  Hindoo-Koosh,  and  stretching  along 
its  S.  base  for  about  100  miles. 

Pughtown,  pew'tSwn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co..  Pa., 
on  French  Creek,  about  10  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Phoenixville. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Pughville,  pow'vll,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Tcnn. 

Puglia,  pool'yi,  a  small  river  of  Italy,  joins  the  Tiber 
at  Orvieto. 


PUG 


2229 


PUL 


Pugliftj  La,  a  region  of  Italy.    See  Apulia. 

Pug'wash,  a  seaport  town  and  watering-place  of  Nova 
Scotia,  CO.  of  Cumberland,  on  Northumberland  Strait,  12 
miles  from  Thomson.  It  contains  ship-yards,  saw-niills,  and 
freestone-,  limestone-,  and  plaster-quarries.  Large  quanti- 
ties of  deals  are  shipped  hence  to  England.     Pop.  700. 

Pugwash  River,  a  post-village  in  Cumberland  co., 
Nova  Scotia,  14  miles  from  Thomson.     Pop.  100. 

Puhpoond,  a  town  of  India.     See  Pahpooxd. 

Puiceley,  pweo^s^h-lA.',  a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn,  11 
miles  N.W.  of  Gaillac.     Pop.  2131. 

Puig,  poo'ig,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  12  miles 
N.E.  of  Valencia,  near  the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  1814. 

Puigcerda,  poo-ig-th5R'di,  a  fortified  frontier  town 
of  Spain,  province  and  52  miles  N.W.  of  Gcrona,  at  the 
foot  of  the  Pyrenees.     Pop.  208.3. 

Puiseaux,  pwee^zo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loiret,  12 
miles  E.  of  Pithiviers.     Pop.  1971. 

Puisserguier,  pwees^sfinVhe-ain',  a  village  of  France, 
In  IlSrault,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Beziers.     Pop.  2690. 

Piyols,  pii^zhol',  a  marliet-town  of  France,  in  Lot-et- 
Garonnc,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Agen.     Pop.  1188. 

Pula,  poo'li,  a  maritime  town  of  Italy,  in  Sardinia,  15 
miles  S.W.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  1486. 

Pulaski,  pu-las'kee,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of 
Arkansas,  has  an  area  of  about  883  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Arkansas  River,  which  runs  from  N.AV.  to 
S.E.  through  the  county  and  is  navigable  by  steamboats. 
It  is  also  drained  by  Bayou  Metoe  and  Maumello  Creek. 
The  surface  is  partly  hilly  and  partly  level,  and  is  exten- 
sively covered  with  forest?  of  the  oak,  ash,  hickory,  elm, 
pine,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian 
corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its 
minerals  are  granite,  iron  ore,  slate,  and  limestone.  This 
is  the  most  populous  county  in  the  state.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  <fe  Southern,  Little  Rock 
<t  Memphis,  St.  Louis  Southwestern,  and  Little  Rock  & 
Fort  Smith  Railroads.  Capital,  Little  Rock,  which  is  also 
the  capital  of  Arkansas.  Pop.  in  1870,  32,066;  in  1880, 
32,616;  in  1890,47,329. 

Pulaski,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  435  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Ocmulgee  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Little  Ocmul- 
gee  and  Reedy  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly 
level,  and  extensively  covered  with  pine  forests.  The  soil 
is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  East 
Tennessee,  Virginia  <fc  Georgia  Railroad  and  the  Empire 
<fc  Dublin  Railroad.  Capital,  Hawkinsville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
11,940;  in  1880,  14,058;  in  1890,  16,559. 

Pulaski,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an 
area  of  190  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the 
Ohio  River,  and  also  drained  by  Cache  River.  The  surface 
is  diversified  by  low  hills  and  by  forests  of  the  oak,  hickory, 
ash,  elm,  maple,  tulip-tree,  <fcc.  The  s^oil  is  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
is  traversed  by  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  and  the  Cleve- 
land, Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railroad.  Capital, 
Mound  City.  Carboniferous  limestone  underlies  the  soil. 
Pop.  in  1870,  8752;  in  1880,  9507;  in  1890,  11,355. 

Pulaski,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Indiana,  has  an 
area  of  430  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Tippe- 
canoe River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  diversi- 
fied by  prairies  and  "oak  openings,"  or  open  groves  of 
oak  and  hickory.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
hay,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
traversed  by  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  and 
Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis  Railroads,  and  its  N.E. 
corner  is  intersected  by  the  New  York,  Lake  Erie  &  Western 
Railroad.  Capital,  Winamac.  Pop.  in  1870,  7801 ;  in  1880, 
8851;  in  1890,  11,233. 

Pulaski,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  Kentucky, 
as  an  area  of  about  870  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Cumberland  River,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Rock 
Castle  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Big  South  Fork  of 
the  Cumberland.  The  surface  is  partly  billy  and  partly 
undulating.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Forests  cover  nearly  half 
of  its  area.  Indian  corn,  oats,  cattle,  pork,  and  honey  are 
the  staples.  Bituminous  coal  is  found  in  tliis  county.  It 
is  traversed  by  a  branch  of  the  Queen  <fe  Crescent  Route, 
ubich  connects  with  Somerset,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
17,670;  in  1880,  21,318;  in  1890,  25.731. 

Pulaski,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Missouri, 
has  an  area  of  about  520  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Gasconade  River,  and  also  drained  by  Piney  Fork 
and  Roubidoux  (or  Robideaux)  Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly, 
and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.    Indian  corn. 


wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has 
beds  of  limestone.  It  is  traversed  in  the  N.  part  by  the 
St.  Louis  <fc  San  Francisco  Railroad.  Capital,  Waynesville, 
on  Roubidoux  Creek.  Pop.  in  1870,4714;  in  1880,  7250; 
in  1890,  9387. 

Pulaski,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Virginia,  has 
an  area  of  about  345  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
New  River,  which  also  forms  part  of  the  E.  boundary.  The 
surface  is  mountainous,  and  partly  covered  with  forests. 
The  soil  produces  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  gras.s.  A  mine 
of  lead  has  been  opened  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Norfolk  <t  Western  Railroad  and  the  Altoona  Coal 
<fe  Iron  Railroad.  Capital,  Newbern.  Pop.  in  1870,  6538; 
in  1880,  8755;  in  1890,  12,790. 

Pulaski,  a  post-office  of  Las  Animas  co..  Col. 

Pulaski,  a  post-village  of  Pulaski  co.,  111.,  on  the  Il- 
linois Central  Railroad,  16  miles  N.  of  Cairo.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Pulaski,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Tippecanoe  River,  about  24  miles  N.W.  of  Logansport. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  bridge  over  the 
river.     Pop.  123. 

Pulaski,  a  post-village  in  Prairie  township,  Davis  co., 
low.a,  on  the  Burlington  <fc  Southwestern  Railroad,  9J  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Bloomfield.  It  has  2  churches,  an  oil-mill,  2 
grain-elevators,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  300. 

Pulaski,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pulaski  township,  Jackson 
CO.,  Mich.,  about  15  miles  S.W.  of  Jackson.  It  has  a  church, 
and  a  trade  in  country  produce.  Pop.  of  the  township, 
1139.  The  Air-Line  division  of  the  Michigan  Central  Rail- 
road touches  the  N.W.  corner  of  the  township.  Pulaski 
Station  is  16  miles  S.W.  of  Jackson. 

Pulaski,  an  attractive  post-village  of  Oswego  co., 
N.Y..  is  situated  in  Richland  township,  on  Salmon  River 
4  miles  from  Lake  Ontario,  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Oswego,  and 
39  miles  N.  of  Syracuse.  It  is  on  the  Syracuse  Northern 
Railroad  and  the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg  Rail- 
road. It  contains  a  court-house,  4  churches,  an  academy,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  national  bank,  2  paper-mills,  4  flour- 
mills,  2  planing-mills,  an  iron-foundry,  a  machine-shop,  a 
cheese-factory,  <fec.     Pop.  about  1600. 

Pulaski,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pulaski  township,  AVilliama 
CO.,  0.,  about  50  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Toledo.  It  is  nearly  4 
miles  N.E.  of  Bryan,  which  is  in  Pulaski  township.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  in  1890,  4553. 

Pulaski,  a  township  of  Beaver  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  943,  ex- 
clusive of  New  Brighton. 

Pulaski,  a  post- village  in  Pulaski  township,  Lawrence 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Shenango  River,  and  on  the  Erie  <fc  Pitts- 
burg Railroad,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  New  Castle,  and  10 
miles  S.  of  Sharon.  It  contains  3  churches,  a  flouring- 
mill,  a  planing-mill,  a  foundry,  and  a  manufactory  of 
French  umber.  This  is  a  pigment,  the  raw  material  of 
which  is  mined  near  Pulaski.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1609. 

Pulaski,  a  post-township  of  Oconee  co.,  S.C.     P.  653. 

Pulaski,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Giles  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
Richland  Creek,  and  on  the  Nashville  <fc  Decatur  Railroad, 
81  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Nashville,  and  33  miles  S.  of  Colum- 
bia. It  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  a  fine  town  hall,  2 
national  banks,  a  seminary  called  Giles  College,  the  Martin 
Female  College,  a  newspaper  office,  1  or  2  cotton-mills,  5 
churches,  2  tanneries,  a  planing-mill,  &c.,  also  manufac- 
tories of  carriages  and  flour.  About  8000  bales  of  cotton  are 
shipped  here  annually.     Pop.  in  1890,  2274. 

Pulas'kiville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morrow  co.,  0.,  9  miles 
E.  of  Gilead  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Pulicat,  pure-kit'  (Hindoo,  Valiacuta,  vi-le-i-koo'ti), 
a  maritime  town  of  India,  20  miles  N.  of  Madras,  lat.  13° 
25'  N.,  Ion.  80°  24'  E.,  at  the  entrance  of  Pulicat  Inlet. 

Pull'man,  a  noted  industrial  suburb  of  the  city  of 
Chicago,  to  which  it  was  annexed  in  1889,  is  situated  on 
the  W.  shore  of  Lake  Calumet,  14  miles  S.  of  the  court- 
house at  Chicago,  and  3  miles  from  Lake  Michigan.  It 
was  founded  in  1880  by  the  Pullman  Palace  Car  Co.,  and 
comprises,  besides  the  extensive  works  of  that  company, 
employing  4000  operatives,  the  Allen  Paper  Car-Wheel 
Works,  the  Union  Foundry,  the  Pullman  Iron  <fc  Steel 
Works,  the  Standard  Knitting  Mills,  terra-cotta-works, 
forge-works,  fuundries,  Ac,  employing  in  the  aggregate 
some  6000  hands.  Here  is  also  a  beautiful  hotel,  an  arcade 
building  250  by  154  feet  (containing  several  stores,  a  public 
library  and  reading-rooms,  a  theatre,  lodge-rooms,  Ac.), 
several  church  societies,  and  excellent  schools.  It  is  lighted 
by  gas  and  electricity,  and  has  perhaps  the  most  perfect 
systems  of  water-supply  and  drainage  known. 

Pulo,  a  prefix  to  the  names  of  many  is-Iands  in  th^ 
Indian  Ocean.    See  Poolo. 


PUL 


2230 


PUN 


Palo  Anaphi,  poo'Io  l-n&Tee,  im  Islet  in  the  Qreolan 
ArobipelMO,  15  iniloa  S.E.  of  Santorlni. 

Pulo  Banink,  Sumatra.    See  Baniak  Islands. 

l*ulo  Itiiitnni,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  BiKOTAiia. 

Pulu  Uooiitiug.    See  Boontino  Islands. 

Pulo  Pciiaii;;,  Strait  of  Malacca.    Sco  Penano. 

Pulpnnnblitirnm,  pooI-p&M)&-b&-r&m',  a  district  of 
India,  in  Travuncore.    Area,  648  square  miles.    P.  349,679. 

Pulsano,  pool-s&'no,  or  Pulzano,  pool-z&'nu,  a  vil- 
lage of  Italy,  province  of  Leoce,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Taronto. 

Piilsnitz,  or  Pulssnit'/,  pOCls'nits,  a  town  of  Saxony, 
16  miles  N.E.  of  Dresden.     Pop.  2644. 

Piiltawn,  or  Pultowa,  Russia.    See  Poltava. 

Pultneyt  pait'nee,  a  post-township  of  Steuben  co., 
N.Y.,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Kouka  Lake.  It  is  noted 
for  the  cultivation  of  grapes  and  the  manufacture  of  wine. 
Pop.  1444.  Pultney,  a  nost-hamlot  in  this  township,  is  on 
the  lake,  9  miles  N.  of  llammondsport.  It  has  2  manufac- 
tories of  grape-boxes.     Pop.  about  250. 

Piiltuey,  a  township  of  Belmont  co.,  0.  Pop.  6319. 
It  contains  Bellaire  and  West  Wheeling. 

Pult'neyville,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Williamson  township,  on  Lake  Ontario,  about  26  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Rochester.  It  has  2  churches,  a  steam  grist- 
mill, a  tannery,  a  saw-mill,  and  2  warehouses.     Pop.  400. 

Pultusk,  pool'toosk,  written  also  Pnltowsk,  a  town 
of  Poland,  province  and  60  miles  E.N.E.  of  Plock,  on  an 
island  formed  by  the  Narew.  Pop.  7CS9.  It  has  a  bishop's 
palace,  a  collegiate  church,  a  nunnery,  and  a  synagogue, 
with  a  brisk  trade  in  corn. 

Pnl'vers,  a  station  in  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  on  a  branch 
of  the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad,  11  miles  E.  of  Hudson. 

Pulwul,  or  Palwal,purwai',  a  town  of  India,  42 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Delhi.     Pop.  12,629. 

Pulzano,  a  village  of  Italy.    See  Pulsano. 

Pump'kinton,  township,  Pickens  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  716. 

Pump'kinvine  Creek,  of  Georgia,  flows  into  the 
Etowah  a  few  miles  S.  of  Cartersville,  in  Cass  co. 

Puna,  poo-ni',  improperly  written  Puno,  an  island 
ofiF  the  W.  coast  of  Ecuador,  40  miles  S.W.  of  Guayaquil,  in 
the  Gulf  of  Guayaquil.  Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  30  miles  ; 
breadth,  10  miles.     On  its  N.  side  is  the  village  of  Puna. 

Puna,  or  Punai,  India.    See  Poonaii. 

Punagurh,  or  Panagarh,  piin-i-gOr',  a  town  of 
India,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Jubbulpoor.     Pop.  4433. 

Punch,  pilnoh,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  Punch 
rajahship,  in  lat.  33°  51'  N.,  Ion.  73°  53'  E. 

Punch,  written  also  Punach  and  Pungh,  a  rajah- 
ship of  the  Cashmere  dominions,  India.  Area,  1600  square 
miles.     Capital,  Punch.     Pop.  77,566. 

Punch  (or  Panch,  pfinch)  Char,  a  town  of  Bengal, 
Backergunge  district.  Lat.  23°  24'  N.;  Ion.  90°  11.5'  E. 
Pop.  3050. 

Puncheon  (pfinch'un)  Landing,  Somerset  co.,  Md., 
is  on  the  Pocomoke  River,  2  miles  from  Newtown. 

Punch  Mehals,  or  Panch  Mahals,  p&nch  ma- 
hilz'  {i.e.,  "  five  revenue  divisions"),  a  British  district  of 
India,  in  Quzerat,  bounded  E.  by  the  Central  Provinces. 
Area,  1731  square  miles.     Pop.  240,743. 

Puncho,  Colorado.     See  Poncho. 

Punchshir,  punch'sheer',  or  Puqjshir,  pHnj'shcer', 
n  valley  of  Afghanistan,  stretching  S.W.  along  the  S.  side 
of  the  Hindoo-Koosh  for  about  60  miles  from  the  Khawak 
Pass.  Lat.  35°  42'  N. ;  Ion.  69°  53'  E.  A  river  of  the 
same  name  flows  through  the  centre  of  the  valley.  The 
soil  is  naturally  sterile,  but  by  careful  culture  every  spot 
cn])able  of  yielding  grain  is  turned  to  account.  The  in- 
habitants are  considered  to  be  of  Persian  descent. 

Punderpoor,  or  Pandharpnr,  punM^r-poor',  a 
town  of  India,  45  miles  W.  of  Solapoor.    Pop.  16,817. 

Punganoor,  pun-ga-noor',  a  town  of  British  India, 
North  Arcot  district,  60  miles  N.W.  of  Arcot.    Pop.  8876. 

Pungoteague,  pun'go-tig,  a  post-village  of  Accomack 
CO.,  Va.,  near  the  E.  shore  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  about  66 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Norfolk.  It  has  2  or  3  churches  and  3 
stores.     Po«.  about  160. 

Punguantive,  pung-goo-doo-teev',  an  island  S.W.  of 
JalTnapatam,  near  the  N.  end  of  Ceylon.     Pop.  2415. 

Punhete,  poon-yi'ti,  a  town  tind  military  post  of  Por- 
tugal, in  Estremadura,  on  the  Tagus,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Abrantes.     Pop.  1850. 

Punisheer,  Afghanistan.     See  Pexdjsheheb. 

Punitz,  poo'nits  (Polish,  Powiec,  p6v'y6ts),  a  town  of 
Prussia,  44  miles  S.  of  Posen.     Pop.  1982. 

Punjab,  Panjab,  pfln-jib',  or  Pnn'jaub',  an  exten- 
sive province  forming  the  N.W.  part  of  British  India,  a  Ad 
eiubracing  the  country  watered  by  the  "five  great  waters,"' 


of  which  the  Indus  is  the  most  westerly  and  the  SutloJ 
the  most  easterly.    The  outline  of  the  district  is  nnguliir 
the  apex  being  at  the  point  where  the  Indus  and  tliu  I'unj- 
nud  meet,  in  lat.  28<'  55'  N.,  Ion.  70°  28'  B.    The  N.  ii 
an  elevated  region,  formed  by  the  Dolor,  Thibet,  and  \Vi«t 
Himalaya  Mountains,  and  from  whence  issue  the  li' 
Indus,  Jhy]um,Chenaub,  Ravoe,  Beas,  and  Siitlej.    Li  i 
from  N.E.  to  S.W.,  from  Nobra  in  Ladakh  to  the  conflu 
of  the  Indus  and  Punjnud,  about  600  miles.     Breadth,  i 
Rampoor  to  Derabund,  350  miles.     Area,  111,010  fi,, 
miles.     Pop.  ( 1891 )  20,807,020.     The  N.  part  of  the 
is  a  rnnge  of  mountains  with  an  elevation  of  from  L'l 
to  27,000  feet.     The  W.  rnnge,  enclosing  the  valky  ol  t 
Indus,  is  of  granite  and  primary  rocks.    South  of  Int.  34" 
the  country  rapidly  slopes  to  the  alluvial  plain  of  the  Pun- 
jab.     At  the  base  of  the  Himalayas  are  the  salt  ran 
which  contain  immense  beds   of  rock  salt,  as   al.-<o  ni 
sulphur,  nitre,  coal,  and  gypsum.     The  great  plain  is 
vidod  by  the  intersection  of  its  rivers  into  5  doubt.    Tlio 
soil  in  general  is  sandy  and  barren,  but  with  many  fertile 
spots  intermixed,  and  there  are  abundant  means  of  irri™ 
tion.     The  summer  temperature  of  the  plains  is  excessi 
hot  and  dry,  winter  cool  and  not  unfrequcntly  frosty, 
vegetation  of  the  Punjab  resembles  that  of  Kastcrn  Ir 
The  sugar-cane,  palm,  orange,  and  other  fruit  trees  flon : 
and  all  kinds  of  grain  croi)S  are  raised,  ns  also  o])iuiii,  ... 
digo,  and  tobacco.     Camels,  bufi°aloes,  and  horses  are  reared 
in  the  extensive  pasture-lands.    Silk  and  cotton  fabrics  are 
manufactured  in  the  towns,  as  also  carpets,  shawls,  nnd 
warlike  arms.     A  considerable  transit  trade  is  carried  on  in 
goods  imported  from  East  India  and  carried  W .,  bullion, 
silk,  drugs,  and  dyes  being  received  in  return.     The  pop- 
ulation is  of  a  mixed  kind.     In  the  N.  are  Thibetan  Mon- 
golians, and  the  remains  of  former  Afghan  conquerors  are 
scattered  over  the  whole  country.     The  great  majority  of 
the  people  are  Punjab  Jats,  descendants  of  Hindoo  Rajpoot 
.Tats.     The  Khalsa  Sikh  population  may  amount  to  600,000, 
Their  religion,  originally  supposed  to  have  been  a  pure 
deism,  is  now  a  modification  of  ilindooism.     They  have  no 
castes,  and  the  military  profession  is  open  to  all.     In  per- 
son the  Sikhs  resemble  the  Hindoos,  but  are  of  more  robust 
and  active  habits  than  the  natives  of  Middle  India,  nnd 
they  excel  in  warlike  enterprise.     The  Sikh  government,  a 
military  despotism,  extended  over  the  whole  of  the  Punjab,   i 
Caslunere,  Ladakh,  and  Balkh,  Peshawer  W.  of  the  Indus,   i 
and  the  Derajat  as  far  S.  as  the  frontier  of  Sindc.    The  | 
principal  towns  are  Lahore  (the  capital),  Amritsir,  Delhi,   j 
Sealkote,  Amballa,  Loodianah,  Mooltan,  Peshawer,  Jullin-   I 
der,  and  Jelalpoor.  J 

The  Punjab  was  the  scene  of  Alexander  the  Great's  ' 
Oriental  conquests.  At  the  beginning  of  the  tenth  century 
it  was  overrun  by  Mahmood  of  Ghuznee.  Subsequently  it 
was  conquered  by  the  Afghans,  and  in  1526  by  Baber  the 
Mogul.  Under  the  late  Runjeet  Singh,  the  power  nnd 
boundaries  of  the  kingdom  were  greatly  extended,  and 
on  his  death,  in  1839,  and  the  subsequent  massacre  of  his 
nearest  heirs,  the  country  became  the  scene  of  anarchy. 
An  unprovoked  invasion  of  the  British  territories  E.  of 
the  Sutlej  by  a  powerful  army  of  the  Sikhs  in  1845  led  to 
a  series  of  British  victories  at  Moodkee,  Ferozeshnh,  Ali- 
wal,  and  Sobraon,  and  their  submission  by  treaty  in  1846, 
This  treaty  was  again  broken  by  Shere  Singh  in  1848,  nnd 
the  Sikh  force  was  finally  defeated  and  dispersed  at  Ouzo- 
rat,  February  21,  1849.  The  Punjab  was  then  formally 
annexed  to  the  British  possessions  in  India. 

Punjaub,  pun-jawlD',  a  village  of  St.  Genevieve  co.,  Mo., 
24  miles  from  De  Soto,  and  about  50  miles  S.  of  St.  Louis. 
It  has  a  church,  a  steam  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Punj  Decn,  piinj  deen,  written  also  Punj-Deh  and 
Penjdeh,  a  Turcoman  camp  in  Khorassan,  130  miles  N. 
of  Herat.     Lat.  36°  4'  N. ;  Ion.  62°  41'  E. 

Punjgoor,  punj^goor',  a  town  of  Bcloochistan,  in 
Mekran,  on  the  Doostee,  74  miles  N.N.E.  of  Kedje. 

Punjnud,  pilnj*niid',  a  name  applied  to  the  conjoined 
stream  of  the  Ghara  and  Chenaub  Rivers,  which  unites 
with  the  Indus  after  a  S.W.  course  of  about  60  miles. 

Punjshir,  Afghanistan.    See  PaNciisnin. 

Pun'nah,  or  Pan'nah,  a  rajahship  of  India,  between 
lat.  23°  52'  and  25°  5'  N.  and  Ion.  79°  50'  and  80°  45' 
E.,  subsidiary  to  the  British,  and  having  an  area  of  648 
square  miles.  Pop.  67,000.  It  comprises  1062  villages, 
and  pays  to  the  British  a  tribute  of  £1000  annnally.  It 
contains  the  famous  diamond-mines  of  Punnah. 

Punnah,  pun'ni,  or  Pannnh,  pln'ni  (probably  the 
Panns'sa  of  Ptolemy),  a  town  of  British  India,  110  miles 
S.W.  of  Allahabad.  It  has  numerous  temples,  nowmostlv  m 
ruins,  and  is  known  for  its  diamond-mines. 


PUN 


2231 


PUR 


Pannailah,  or  Panaila,  pfin-ni'lS,,  a  town  of  India, 
35  miles  N.  of  Dera  Ismaeel  Khan.     Pop.  5502. 

Puniiair,  pun-ndr',  or  Panaur,  p[j,-nawr',  a  river  of 
India  rises  in  Mysore,  traverses  Salem  and  South  Arcot, 
and  enters  the  sea  at  Cuddalore,  93  miles  S.S.W.  of  Madras, 
after  an  E.  course  of  220  miles. 

Puno,  poo'no,  a  department  of  Peru,  mostly  between 
lat.  14°  and  18°  S.  and  Ion.  69°  and  72°  W.,  having  E. 
Bolivia,  and  on  other  sides  the  departments  of  Cuzco  and 
Arequipa.  Area  as  officially  estimated,  39,743  square  miles. 
Pop.  256,594.  It  is  nearly  enclosed  by  cordilleras  of  the 
Andes,  comprises  the  greater  part  of  Lake  Titicaca,  and 
was  formerly  famous  for  the  number  and  wealth  of  its  sil- 
ver-mines. The  chief  towns  are  Puno,  Chucuito,  Asangaro, 
and  Lampa. 

Puno,  a  city  of  South  Peru,  capital  of  a  department 
and  province,  on  the  Bay  of  Puno,  on  the  W.  shore  of  Lake 
Titicaca,  130  miles  E.N.E.  of  Arequipa,  and  12,870  feet 
above  the  sea.  Pop.  about  6000.  It  has  a  cathedral,  2 
colleges,  and  a  silver-mine.  It  is  a  terminus  of  a  railroad 
extending  to  Mollendo,     Puno  exports  alpaca  wool. 

Punta  Arenas,  poon'ti  a,-rd.'nis,  or  Point  Are'na, 
a  post-village  in  Arena  township,  Mendocino  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  about  110  miles  by  water  N.W.  of  San 
Francisco.  Lumber  is  exported  from  this  place.  It  has  a 
church,  3  saw-mills,  and  a  paper-mill.  The  scenery  of  this 
place  is  bold  and  romantic.     Pop.  in  1890,  709. 

Punta  Arenas,  poon'ti  i-ri'nis,  a  town,  capital  of 
the  Chilian  colony  of  Magallanes,  on  the  Strait  of  Magellan, 
and  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  Brunswick  Peninsula.     It  is  a 
convict-settlement,  and  near  it  are  coal-mines,  to  which  a 
railway  extends.     Pop.  915. 
Punta  del  Castillo,  Honduras.  See  Cape  IIonddiias. 
Punta  de  Piedra,  poon'ti  d4  pe-i'drJ,  (i.e.,  "stony 
point"),  a  maritime  town  of  Venezuela,  70  miles  E.  of  Cu- 
inana,  at  the  head  of  the  Gulf  of  Paria. 
i       Punta  di  Stilo,  poon'tS,  dee  stee'lo  (anc.  Coein'thum, 
j  or  Cociii'lum),  a  point  or  cape  of  Italy,  in  Calabria,  on  the 
,  S.E.  coast,  in  lat.  38°  28'  N.,  Ion.  16°  36'  E. 

Punta  Espada,  poon'ti  ds-pi'ni,  a  promontory  at 
the  E.  end  of  llayti,  in  lat.  12°  4'  N.,  Ion.  71°  10'  W. 

Punta  Liana,  poon'ti  li'ni,  a  town  of  the  Canaries, 
on  the  E.  side  of  the  island  of  Palma.     Pop.  1782. 
Punta   Lorna,  poon'ti  loii'ni,  the  W.  promontory 
I  forming  the  entrance  to  the  port  of  San  Biego,  on  the 
I  Pacific  coast  of  the  United  States,  in  lat.  32°  39'  30"  N. 
I      Pun'ta  Kas'sa,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Fla., 
on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  near  the  mouth  of  Caloosahatchee 
River.    Here  the  telegraph  for  the  West  Indies  leaves  the 
s  mainland.     Many  cattle  are  shipped  hence,  and  extensive 
I  fisheries  are  here  carried  on. 

!<  Puntas  Arenas,  poon'tis  i-ri'nls,  a  port  of  Costa 
j  Rica,  Central  America,  on  the  Gulf  of  Nicoya.  It  has  a 
i'  good  harbor  and  an  active  trade. 

Punto  Gallo,  a  town  of  Ceylon.    See  Gallk. 
Punt  Prith'ee  Nid'hee,  or  Pant  Pradinidhi, 
piint  prixTH'ee-nid'hee,  or  Oundh,  Swnd'h,  one  of  the  Sat- 
tiirah  states,  India.     Area,  213  square  miles.    Pop.  68,335. 
Punt  (or  Pant)  Sucheo,  piint  soo-chd'o,  also  called 
Bhore,  or  Bhor,  b'hore,  one  of  the  Sattarah  states  of 
India.    Area,  1200  square  miles.     Pop.  136,075. 
Punukka,  a  town  of  India,    See  Poo.vukka. 
Punx'ataw'uey,    or    Punxsutawney,    a    post- 
borough  of   .Jefferson   co..    Pa.,   in    Young    township,  on 
Mahoning  Creek,  about  45  miles  N.W.  of  Altoona,  and  15 
jr  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Brookville.     It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
I  bank,  3  churches,  and  a  foundry.     It  is  underlaid  by  bitu- 
iMMnous  coal.     Pop.  in  1880,  674;  in  1890,  2792. 
H  Fupelium,  the  Latin  name  of  Poviglio. 
W  Pur,  Siberia  and  India.     See  Poor. 

Purace,  poo-rll-sA.',  a  peak  of  the  Andes,  in  the  repub- 
lic of  Colombia.     Lat.  2°  20'  N.      Height,  17,034  feet. 

Purace,  or  Fusambio,  poo-sim'be-o,  a  village  of 
the  republic  of  Colombia,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Popayan,  on 
the  volcano  of  Purac6,  by  an  eruption  of  which,  in  1827, 
BtBB^t  was  temporarily  destroyed. 

^|K  Purantej,  a  town  of  India.    See  Parrauntage. 
^Hh  Puratiu,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Poorateen. 
^■B  Purbeck,  Isle  of,  England.    See  Isle  of  Purbgck. 
^HK'  Purceii,  piir-sell',  an  island  off  the  W.  coast  of  Pata- 
Tfjonia,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  a  deep  channel  about 
5  miles  wide,  in  lat.  46°  55'  20"  S. 

I     Pur'cell',  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co.,  Pa.,  about  24 
miles  N.E.  of  Cumberland,  Md. 

Pur^celi's',  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Evansville  &  Crawfordsville  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Vin- 
oennes. 


i 


Pur'cellville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Washington  &  Ohio  Railroad,  about  50  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Washington,  D.C.  It  has  a  foundry,  with  machine- 
shop,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Pur'chase,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Harrison  township,  4  miles  from  Rye  Railroad  Station, 
which  is  25  miles  from  New  York.     It  has  3  churches. 

Purchase  Line,  a  post-office  of  Indiana  co..  Pa., 
about  33  miles  W.N.W.  of  Altoona. 

Purchcna,  poou-chi'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  30  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Almoria,  on  the  Almanzor. 

Pur'din,  a  post-office  of  Linn  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Burling- 
ton &  Southwestern  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Linneus. 

Purdue,  Madison  co.,  Ind.    See  Oilman. 

Pur'dy,  a  post-village,  capital  of  McNairy  co.,  Tenn., 
4  miles  E.  of  Bethel  Station  of  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad, 
and  36  miles  S.S.E.  of  Jackson.  It  has  2  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  the  Purdy  Institute.     Pop.  about  450. 

Purdy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vernon  co..  Wis.,  in  Sterling 
township,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Lansing,  Iowa,  It  has  a  church. 

Purely  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hartsville  township, 
Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Hornellsville. 

Purdy  Island,  off  the  S.  coast  of  Australia,  belongs  to 
the  Nuyts  Archipelago. 

Purdy  Islands,  a  group  in  the  South  Pacific,  S.  of  the 
Admiralty  Islands.    Lat.  2°  51'  S. ;  Ion.  146°  15'  E. 

Purdy's,  a  station  in  Orange  co.,  N.Y'.,  on  the  Midland 
Railroad,  5i  miles  N.N.W.  of  Middletown. 

Purdy's  Station,  a  post-village  of  Westchester  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Croton  River,  and  on  the  New  York  &  Harlem 
Railroad,  46i  miles  N.N.E.  of  the  Grand  Central  Depot, 
New  York.  It  has  2  churches,  a  factory  for  condensed  milk, 
and  about  60  houses.     Pop.  about  350, 

Pur'dyville,  a  post-office  of  Dawson  co,,  Ga. 

Pur6n6,  the  Greek  name  of  the  Pyrenees. 

Pur'fleet,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Essex,  situated 
on  an  eminence  beside  the  Thames,  15  miles  by  rail  E.  of 
London.  It  has  a  small  pier  for  steamers,  and  a  large  gov- 
ernment powder-magazine. 

Pur'gatory  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  of  the  Sangre 
do  Cristo  Range,  in  the  S.  part  of  the  state,  near  the  source 
of  the  Purgatory  River.     It  has  an  altitude  of  13,719  feet. 

Purgatory  River  (Fr.  Pu)-gatoire,-pun.'gh,''tyviin'),  Col- 
orado, rises  on  the  eastern  slope  of  tlie  Rocky  Mountains, 
near  Purgatory  Peak.  It  runs  northeastward,  intersects 
Las  Animas  co.,  and  enters  the  Arkansas  River  in  Bent 
CO.,  about  1  mile  below  West  Las  Animas.  Its  length  is 
estimated  at  170  miles.     Coal  is  found  very  near  this  river. 

Pur'gitsville,  a  post-office  of  Hampshire  co.,  W.  Va. 

Puri,  India.    See  Juggernaut,  and  Pooree. 

Purificacion,  poo-re-fe-k4-se-on',  a  town  of  Mexico, 
95  miles  W.N.W.  of  Colima. 

Purificacion,  poo-re-fe-k4-se-on',  a  town  of  the 
republic  of  Colombia,  on  the  Magdalena  River,  72  miles 
S.W.  of  Bogota. 

Puris'sima,  a  post-office  of  San  Mateo  co.,  Cal. 

Purkersdorf,  Austria.     See  Burkersdorp. 

Pur'lear's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Wilkes  co.,  N,C. 

Pur'ley,  a  post-office  of  Caswell  co.,  N.C. 

Purmerenu,  piiR'm5h-r5nt\  a  town  of  the  Nethei 
lands,  in  North  Holland,  on  the  North  Holland  Canal,  10 
miles  N,  of  Amsterdam.     Pop.  4628.     It  has  large  markets 
for  cattle  and  cheese, 

Purneah,  or  Purniah,  pur'ne-a,  a  town  of  Bengal, 
capital  of  Purneah  district,  230  miles  N.W.  of  Calcutta. 
Lat.  25°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  87°  35'  E.  The  town  contains  sev- 
eral suburban  villages,  and  has  an  area  of  15  square  miles. 
It  has  greatly  declined  in  importance.     Pop.  16,057. 

Purneah,  or  Purniah,  a  district  of  Bengal,  province 
of  Bahar.  Lat.  25°  15'-26°  35'  N.;  Ion.  87°  2'-88°  35'  E. 
Area,  4957  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  partly 
by  Nepaul,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  Ganges.  It  is  nearly  all 
level  and  alluvial,  the  E.  part  being  very  fertile,  and  the 
W.  adapted  to  grazing.    Capital,  Purneah.    Pop.  1,714,595. 

Pur'ple  Cane,  a  post-office  of  Dodge  co..  Neb. 

Pur'pleville,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  5 
miles  from  Richmond  Hill.     Pop.  100. 

Purruah,  pur'roo^a,  properly  called  Panduah,  a 
ruined  town  of  Bengal,  45  miles  S.W.  of  Dinagepoor,  in  lat. 
25°  20'  N.,  Ion,  88°  14'  E. 

Purs'ley,  a  post-office  of  Tyler  co.,  W.  Va. 

Purulia,  or  Perulia,  pur-oo'le-a,  a  town  of  India, 
capital  of  Manbhoom  district.'  Lat.  23°  20'  N,;  Ion.  86" 
26'  E.  It  has  court-houses  and  other  good  publio  buildings, 
a  hospital,  and  a  good  local  trade.     Pop.  5095, 

Purus,  poo'rooce',  Puru,  poo-roo',  or  Cuchivaraf 
koo-che-vi'ri,  a  river  of  South  America,  rises  in  Peru, 


PUR 


2232 


PUT 


flows  N.E.,  and,  after  a  course  of  1900  miles,  Joins  the  Ama- 
ion  in  lut.  4°  S.,  Ion.  (11°  W.  At  its  junction  with  the  Ama- 
ion  it  is  soarceiy  inferior  in  sito  to  that  river.  It  is  said 
to  bn  navigable  for  steamboats  for  more  than  1200  miles. 

Puriivcsi,  poo-roo-T^'see,  a  lalce  of  Russia,  in  Fin- 
land, in  the  S.  of  the  oirole  of  Kuopio.     Length,  24  miles. 

Pur'viSt  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Oswego  Midlana  Railroad,  i  mile  from  Morsston  Depot, 
and  50  miles  N.N.W.  of  Middlctown.     It  has  a  church. 

Purvis,  a  station  in  Nansoinond  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Sea- 
board A  Roanoke  Railroad,  9  uiilos  W.  of  Suffolk.  Here  is 
Guckhurn  Post-Office. 

Piirwa,  a  town  of  India.    See  Poorwa. 

Purwnn,  pQr-w&i)',  a  village  of  Afjjiianistan,  on  the  S. 
side  of  the  Hindoo-Koosh,  in  lat.  35°  9'  N.,  Ion.  69°  16'  E. 

Piisninbio,  a  village  of  South  America.    See  Purack. 

PiiNclilnv,  the  Gorman  name  of  Poschiavo. 

Piishe'tn,  a  township  of  Auglaize  oo.,  0.     Pop.  1290. 

Piishkar,  a  town  of  India.    See  Pokur. 

Pushmataha^  pQsh^n^-t^-haw',  a  post-village  of 
Choctaw  CO.,  Ala.,  28  miles  E.S.E.  of  Meridian,  Miss.  It 
has  3  churches  and  an  academy. 

Push  Through)  a  port  of  entry  and  fishing  settlement 
'n  the  district  of  Fortune  Bay,  Newfoundland,  9  miles  from 
Gaultois.     Pop.  145. 

PUspok-Ladany,  piis^pok'  IShM&rl',  a  town  of  Hun- 
gary, 7  miles  S.W.  of  Nadudvar.     Pop.  7839. 

PHspoky,  piis'pok'ee  (Qer.  B'dichdorf,  biish'doRf),  a 
town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  6  miles  S.E.  of  Presburg. 

Pusterthal,  pQSs't^r-t&r,  a  district  in  the  E.  part  of 
the  Tyrol,  watered  by  the  head-streams  of  the  Drave  and 
Adige.     Chief  town,  Bruneck. 

Pust-Ozersk,  Russia.    See  Poost-Ozersk. 

Putah,  poo'ta,  a  township  of  Yolo  co.,  Col.    Pop.  1412. 

Putah  Creek,  California,  rises  in  Lake  co.,  and  inter- 
jBects  Napa  co.  It  finally  runs  eastward,  forms  the  S. 
boundary  of  Yolo  co.,  and  enters  the  Sacramento  River 
about  6  miles  below  Sacramento. 

Putalama,  the  native  name  of  Putlau. 

Putavl,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Pootivl. 

Putbus,  p66t'bo6s,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  the  island  of 
Riigen,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Bergen.     Pop.  1340. 

Pu-Tchu,  a  city  of  China.    See  Poo-Cnoo. 

Puteaux,  piiHo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine,  7  miles 
W.  of  Paris,  on  the  Seine,  and  on  the  Paris  &  Versailles 
Railway.     Pop.  11,387. 

Putcolanus  Sinus,  Italy.    See  Naples,  Bay  op. 

Puteoli,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Pozzuoli, 

Puti,  a  town  of  Brazil.     See  Poti. 

Pntignano,  poo-teen-y8,'no,  orPutiglano,  poo-teel- 
yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  23  miles  S.E.  of  Bari. 
It  has  manufactures  of  cottons  and  woollens.     Pop.  10,074. 

Put-in-Bay,  a  post-office  and  anchorage  of  Ottawa 
CO.,  0.,  on  Lake  Erie,  in  the  Wine  Island  group,  between 
Middle  Bass  and  South  Bass  Islands,  13  miles  from  Port 
Clinton,  and  40  miles  E.  of  Toledo.  It  is  in  a  township  of 
its  own  name,  which  contains  extensive  vineyards  and  man- 
ufactures of  wine.  It  is  a  favorite  summer  resort,  and  has 
a  fishery.  Commodore  Perry  gained  an  important  victory 
over  the  British  near  this  place,  September  10,  1813.  Pop. 
of  township,  1148. 

Putivi,  or  Putyvl,  Russia.    See  Pootivl. 

Put'lam,  or  Put'ilam  (native,  Pu<aiama,  poo-t4-l4'- 
mi),  a  town  of  Ceylon,  on  a  lagoon  of  its  W.  coast,  75  miles 
N.  of  Colombo.     It  has  salt-works. 

Put'nam,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Florida,  has  an 
area  of  about  776  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  Saint  John's  River.  The  surface  is  level,  and  is  partly 
occupied  by  lakes,  marshes,  and  forests  of  pine  and  other 
trees.  The  soil  is  sandy.  Cattle,  sugar-cane,  and  grass  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  four 
railroads,  which  centre  at  Palatka,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  3821;  in  1880,  6261;  in  1890,  11,186. 

Putnam,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  335  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Oconee  River,  and  intersected  by  Little  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  is  extensively  cov- 
ered with  forests  of  the  oak,  pine,  and  other  trees.  The 
Boil  is  moderately  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  wheat 
are  the  staple  products.  Granite  is  found  in  this  county. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia  and 
the  Middle  Georgia  k  Atlantic  Railroad,  both  of  which 
connect  with  Eatonton,  the  capital  of  this  county.  Pop. 
in  1870,  10,461;  in  1880,  14,539;  in  1890,  14,842. 

Putnam,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Illinois, 
has  an  area  of  about  170  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Illinois  River.     The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly 


IsTel.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  oats 
are  the  staple  products.  Coal  is  found  here.  This  county 
is  traversed  by  the  Peoria  Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Rock 
Island  k  Pacific  Railroad.  Ca])ital,  Hennepin.  Pop.  in 
1870,  6280;  in  1880,  5554  ;  in  1890,  4730. 

Putnam,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Indiana, 
has  nn  area  of  about  490  f^quare  miles,  it  is  drained  by 
Eel  River  and  Mill  and  Raccoon  Creeks.  The  surface  if 
undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  about  one-third  of  it  it 
covered  with  forests  of  the  sugar-maple,  oak,  and  other 
trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  hay,  cattle, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  quurriet 
of  good  limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Louisville,  New 
Albany  &  Chicago  Railroad,  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati, 
Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  the  Indianapolis,  Decatur 
k  Western  Railroad,  and  the  Terre  Haute  k  Iiidianapolii 
Railroad.  Capital,  Grecncastle.  Pop.  in  1870,  21,514;  in 
1880,  22,601 ;  in  1890,  22,335. 

Putnam,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Missouri,  border- 
ing on  Iowa,  has  an  area  of  about  542  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Chariton  River,  and  is  drained 
by  3  branches  of  Locust  Creek,  namely,  the  East,  Middle, 
and  West  Locust.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  a  large 
part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  In- 
dian  corn,  hay,  cattle,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  etni)lo  products. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Burlington  k 
Kansas  City  Railroad  and  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  *  St. 
Paul  Railroad,  the  former  of  which  connects  with  Union- 
ville,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,217;  in  1880,  13,555; 
in  1890,  15,365. 

Putnam,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  New  York,  bor- 
ders on  Connecticut.  Area,  about  241  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Hudson  River,  and  also  drained 
by  Croton  River  and  Peekskill  Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly, 
and  presents  picturesque  scenery.  Among  its  remarkable 
features  are  the  Highlands  of  the  Hudson,  and  Lake  Ma- 
hopac,  a  place  of  summer  resort.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile. 
Hiiy,  Indian  corn,  milk,  and  oats  are  the  sinple  products. 
Marble  is  found  in  this  county,  which  also  has  rich  mines 
of  iron  ore.  It  is  traversed  by  tivo  branches  of  the  New 
York  Central  <fc  Hudson  River  Railroad,  and  by  the  New 
York  k  New  England  Railroad  and  the  New  York  A 
Northern  Railroad.  Capital,  Carmel.  Pop.  in  1870, 15,420; 
in  1880,  15,181;  in  1890,  14,849. 

Putnam,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an 
area  of  about  480  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Auglaize  River,  and  also  drained  by  Blanchard's  Fork  and 
the  Ottawa  River.  It  is  a  part  of  the  Great  Black  Swamp. 
The  surface  is  level,  and  mostly  covered  with  noble  forests 
of  the  white  oak,  beech,  elm.  hickory,  sugar-maple,  ash, 
and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  hay, 
wheat,  oats,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  <k  Dayton 
Railroad,  the  Findlny,  Fort  Wayne  &  Western  Railroad, 
and  the  Miami  and  Erie  Canals.  Capital,  Ottawa.  Pop.  in 
1870,  17,081;  in  1880,  23,713;  in  1890,  30,188. 

Putnam,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee,  has  an  area 
of  about  430  square  miles.  The  Cumberland  River  touches 
its  N.W.  extremity.  The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly,  and 
extensively  covered  with  forests  of  chestnut,  hickory,  oak, 
walnut,  yellow  poplar,  <tc.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  In- 
dian corn,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Coal  is 
found  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  a  branch  of  the 
Nashville*  Knoxville  Railroad.  Capital.  Cookeville.  Pop. 
in  1870,  8698;  in  1880,  11,501 ;  in  1890,  13,683. 

Putnam,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  West  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  350  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Great  Kanawha  River.  The  Ohio  River  runs  very 
near  the  W.  part  of  this  county.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and 
extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  In- 
dian corn,  wheat,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  Among 
its  minerals  are  coal  and  iron  ore.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Chesapeake  <t  Ohio  Railroad  and  the  Kon- 
awha  k  Michigan  Railroad.  Capital,  Winfield.  Pop.  in 
1870,  7794;  in  1880,  11,375;  in  1890,  14,.342. 

Putnam,  a  post-village  in  Putnam  township,  Windham 
CO.,  Conn.,  on  the  Quinncbaug  River,  and  on  the  Norwich 
k  Worcester  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Eastern 
division  of  the  New  York  k  New  England  Railroad,  33  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Norwich,  and  26  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Worcofter. 
It  contains  7  churches,  a  national  bank,  2  newspaper  offices, 
5  cotton-factories,  2  woollen-mills,  a  savings-bank,  and  a 
high  school.     Pop.  about  2000;  of  township  (1890),  6612. 

Putnam,  a  township  of  Fulton  co..  III.     Pop.  21.36. 

Putnam,  Putnam  co..  III.     See  Ssachwimk. 

Putnam,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  Iowa,  about  23 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Independence.     Pop.  710. 


PUT 


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Putnam,  a  township  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  799. 

Putnam,  a  township  of  Anderson  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
409.     It  contains  Scipio. 

Putnam,  a  township  of  Livingston  00.,  Mich.  P.  1242. 

Putnam,  a  former  post-village  of  Muskingum  co.,  0., 
on  the  W.  bank  of  Muskingum  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Licking  River.  It  is  now  the  9th  ward  of  Zanesville,  with 
which  it  is  connected  by  a  bridge  over  the  Muskingum. 

Putnam,  a  post-village  in  Putnam  township,  Washing- 
ton CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Lake  Cbamplain,  and  on  the  Rensselaer 
(fc  Saratoga  Railroad,  15  miles  N.  of  Whitehall.  The  town- 
ship has  a  mountainous  surface,  and  is  bounded  on  the  W. 
by  Lake  George.     Pop.  of  the  township,  568. 

Putnam,  a  post-village  of  Callahan  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Texas  &  Pacific  Railway,  129  miles  W.  of  Fort  Worth,  and 
32  miles  E.  of  Abilene.     Pop.  300. 

Putnam,  originally  Dor'chester,  a  post-village  in 
Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  river  Thames,  11  miles  S.W. 
of  Ingorsoll.     Pop.  150. 

Putnam  Court-House,  W.  Va.    See  Winfield. 

Putnam  Hall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  Fla.,  on 
the  Georgia  Southern  &  Florida  Railroad,  20  miles  N.W. 
of  Palatka. 

Putnam  Heights,  apost-oflice  of  Windham  co.,  Conn. 

Putnam,  Mount,  Idaho.     See  Mount  Putnam. 

Putnam  Valley,  a  post-township  of  Putnam  co., 
N.Y.     Pop.  1845.    Putnam  Valley  Post-OfRce  is  at  Oregon. 

Put'namville,  a  post-village  in  Warren  township, 
Putnam  co.,  Ind.,  on  Deep  Creek,  and  on  the  Louisville,  New 
Albany  &  Chicago  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Greencastle.  It 
has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  <fec.     Pop.  219. 

Putnamville,  an  outlying  portion  of  the  town  of 
Danvcrs,  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad, 
20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Boston.  Pop.  about  600,  largely  en- 
gaged in  the  manufacture  of  shoes. 

Put'ney,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  on  the 
Thames,  opposite  Fulham,  and  on  a  railway,  6i  miles  W.S.W. 
of  St.  Paul's,  London.     Pop.  (1891)  17,771. 

Put'ney,  a  post-village  in  Putney  township,  Windham 
CO.,  Yt.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  and  on  the  Central  Ver- 
mont Railroad,  9  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Brattleborough,  and  13 
miles  AV.  of  Keene,  N.II.  It  has  2  churches,  a  chair-fac- 
'tory,  a  woollen-mill,  and  1  or  2  paper-mills.  The  township 
has  quarries  of  roofing-slate.     Pop.  of  township,  1167. 

Putney  Heights,  a  hamlet  in  Stratford  township, 
Fairfield  co.,  Conn.,  on  the  Ilousatonic  River,  3i  miles  from 
Stratford  Station.  It  has  manufactures  of  flour,  lumber, 
and  vinegar. 

Put'neyville,  a  post-village  in  Mahoning  township, 
Armstrong  00.,  Pa.,  on  Mahoning  Creek,  5  miles  S.  of  New 
Bethlehem  Station.  It  has  several  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  leather  and  lumber. 

Puto,  an  island  of  China.     See  Pooto. 

Putrid  Sea,  Russia.    See  Sivash. 

Putte,  put't^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  16 
.miles  S.E.  by  E.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  3149. 
>.   Puttee,  put'tee',  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  12  miles  W.  of 
the  Beas,  and  38  miles  S.E.  of  Lahore.     Pop.  5000. 

PutHeea'la,  or  Patiala,  pQtHoo-i'la,  a  native  state 
of  India,  partly  on  the  Sirhind  plain,  and  partly  to  the  N., 
among  the  Sutlej  states.  Area,  5412  square  miles.  Pop. 
about  1,586,000.  It  is  a  very  productive  region,  governed 
by  a  tributary  maharajah.  The  capital,  Puttceala,  is  a 
populous  and  well-built  town,  125  miles  N.N.W.  of  Delhi. 

Futtelange,  piit't?h-l5Nzh',  or  Piittlingen,  pUtt'- 
ling-§n,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Lorraine,  9  miles  S.W.  of 
Baargemiind.     Pop.  1881. 

^     Putten,  piit't^n,  an  island  of  the  Netherlands,  in  South 
Holland,  in  the  Meuse,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Rotterdam. 

Putten,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Gelderland,  6 
miles  S.  of  Harderwick.     Pop.  of  commune,  4346. 

Puttershoek,  put't§rs-hook\  or  Pietershoek,pee'- 
ters-hook\  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  South  Holland, 
4  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Dort.     Pop.  1859. 

Puttoola-Killa.     See  Futtoolah-Killa. 

PutUun',  or  Patau,  piit^un',  a  town  of  India,  in  Ba- 
roda,  on  the  river  Saraswati,  42  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Palanpoor. 
Pop.  31,623. 

Puttun  Somnauth,  India.    See  Somnauth. 

Pntumayo,  poo-too-mi'o,  or  I^a,  ee'si,  a  river  of 
Ecuador,  rises  near  Pasto,  flows  E.,  and  joins  the  Amazon 
at  15a.    Total  course,  700  miles. 

Putzig,  poot'sio,  a  town  of  Prussia,  26  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Dantzic,  on  the  Gulf  of  Dantzic.     Pop.  2201. 

Putzig,   Bay  of,  the  western   arm  of  the   Gulf  of 
Dantzic,  separated  from  the  Baltic  by  a  long  and  narrow 
tongue  of  land.     Length,  20  miles. 
141 


Pay,  Le,  a  town  of  France.    See  Le  Puy. 

Puyallup,  or  Puyallop,  pu-all'up,  a  small  river  of 
Pierce  co.,  Washington,  rises  near  the  base  of  Mount 
Rainier,  runs  northwestward,  and  enters  Puget  Sound  about 
10  miles  N.E.  of  Steilacoom  City. 

Puyallup,  a  post-village  of  Pierce  co.,  Washington,  on 
the  Puyallup  River,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Lakeview  Station. 
It  has  2  saw-mills.     Hop-growing  is  the  chief  employment. 

Puycerda,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Puigcehda. 

Puy-de-D6me,pwce-d?h-dom',amountain  of  France, 
near  the  centre  of  the  department  to  which  it  gives  name. 
Height  above  the  sea,  4806  feet.  It  is  the  chief  peak  of  a 
volcanic  group  covering  about  80  square  miles  and  at- 
tached on  the  S.  by  a  series  of  basaltic  peaks,  or  pays,  to 
the  great  mass  of  Mont  d'Or.  It  is  almost  bare  of  trees, 
but  has  good  pasturage  on  its  sides. 

Puy-de-D6me,  a  department  in  the  S.E.  of  France, 
formed  of  part  of  Auvergne.  Area,  3039  square  miles. 
Pop.  in  1891,  564,266.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  and 
contains  a  great  number  of  pni/s,  or  peaks,  the  chief  of 
which  are  the  Mont  d'Or  and  the  Puy-de-Dome.  Between 
the  mountains  extend  rich  valleys,  and  that  of  Limagne  is 
celebrated  for  its  fine  vegetation.  The  principal  rivers  are 
the  AUier,  and  its  affluent  the  Dore.  The  chief  mineral 
products  are  coal,  antimony,  silver,  alum,  lead,  iron,  and 
marble.  There  are  many  mineral  springs  in  the  depart- 
ment, the  most  celebrated  of  which  is  that  of  Mont  d'Or. 
The  department  has  manufactures  of  linens,  woollens, 
paper,  hardware,  leather,  and  cutlery.  It  is  divided  into 
the  arrondissements  of  Ambert,  Clermont,  Issoire,  Riom, 
and  Thiers.     Capital,  Clermont-Ferrand. 

Puy  Guillaume,  pwee  ghee^yom'  or  gheel^yom',  a 
town  of  France,  Puy-de-D6me,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Thiers. 

Pny-la-Roque,  pwee-li-rok',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Tarn-et-Garonne,  19  miles  N.E.  of  Montauban.   Pop.  1135. 

Puylaurens,  pweeMoV6N"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn, 
15  miles  S.E.  of  Lavaur.     Pop.  5649. 

Puy  I'Eveque,  pwee  U'v6k',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Lot,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Cahors,  on  the  Lot.     Pop.  1241. 

Puymirol,  pwee^meeVol',  a  town  of  France,  in  Lot-et- 
Garonne,  8  miles  E.  of  Agen.     Pop.  1508. 

Puzol,  poo-thol'.  a  village  of  Spain,  13  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Valencia.     Pop.  2693. 

Puzzuoli,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Pozzuoli. 

Pvavers,  Switzerland.    See  Pfeffers. 

Pwllheli,  poothl-hk'lee,  a  seaport  town  of  Wales,  on 
Cardigan  Bay,  co.  and  19  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Carnar- 
von. Pop.  7020.  It  has  a  workhouse,  and  a  good  harbor 
for  vessels  of  60  tons,  and  is  frequented  by  sea-bathers.  It 
unites  with  Carnarvon,  Bangor,  Conway,  Crickeith,  and 
Nevin  in  sending  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Py'burn's  Blutf,  a  post-office  of  Hardin  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Tennessee  River,  18  miles  from  Corinth,  Miss. 

Pye's  Corners.    See  Counwall. 

Pyla;,  a  pass  of  Greece.     See  Thermoi'VLjB. 

Pyle-Rood-Bar,  or  Pyle-Rudbar,  pi  I -rood' bar', 
a  town  of  Persia,  province  of  Ghilan,  in  a  pass  of  the  El- 
brooz  Mountains,  35  miles  S.W.  of  Reshd.  . 

Pylesville,  pilz'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harford  co..  Ma., 
about  34  miles  N.N.E.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a 
lumber-mill,  and  a  mine  of  asbestos. 

Pylstaart,  pil'st&rt,  or  Sola,  so'li,  an  island  of  tlie 
Pacific  Ocean,  S.S.W."  of  the  Friendly  Isles,  in  lat.  22°  0' 
S.,  Ion.  176°  4'  W. 

Pymatu'ning  Creek  rises  in  Ashtabula  co.,  0.,  runs 
southward  through  Trumbull  co.,  passes  thence  into  Penn- 
sylvania, and  enters  the  Shenango  River  in  Mercer  co., 
about  7  miles  above  Sharon. 

Pymo'sa,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  775. 

Pynacker,  pi'nik'k^r,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  South  Holland,  3  miles  E.  of  Delft.     Pop.  1830. 

Pyracmium,  the  ancient  name  of  Pikaino. 

Pyr'amid,  a  post-office  of  Washoe  co.,  Nev. 

Pyramid  Lake,  Nevada,  is  in  Roop  co.,  near  the  E. 
base  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  and  about  5  miles  from  the 
boundary  of  California.  It  is  partly  surrounded  by  high 
precipices  and  picturesque  scenery.  It  has  no  visible  out- 
let. It  is  about  33  miles  long  and  12  miles  wide.  Its  sur- 
face is  nearly  4000  feet  higher  than  the  level  of  the  sea. 
The  Truckee  River  enters  this  lake. 

Pyramid  Peak,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Elk  Moun- 
tains, in  lat.  39°  5'  N.,  Ion.  106°  57'  W.  It  has  an  altitude 
of  13,885  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Pyramids,  plr'.a-midz,  The  (Fr.  Les  Pi/ramidet,  1& 
peeVJl'meed'),  the  name  given  to  a  number  of  remarkable 
sepulchral  monuments  (amounting  in  all  to  above  60) 
erected  by  the  ancient  Egyptians.    The  most  deserving  of 


PYR 


2234 


QUA 


notioo  are  oaIl«d  the  Pynvmidi  of  Ohoeieh,  situated  about 
12  milea  S.W.  of  Cairo  and  6  or  A  miles  from  Gheezeh,  ivnd 
consisting  of  two  large  and  several  smaller  pyramids.  Tlie 
Oroat  Pyramid,  otherwise  called  the  Pyramid  of  Choops 
(kee'ops),  lias  a  suuaro  busc,  each  side  of  which  measures 
673  foot;  the  vortical  height  is  456  feet.  On  the  top  is  a 
platform  more  than  30  feet  square.  Wore  the  pyramid 
continued  to  an  apex,  the  height  would  be  about  ilV  foct. 
Many  of  the  stones  of  which  it  is  built  are  nearly  4  foot 
thick,  8  or  9  feet  long,  and  above  6  fuet  wide.  The  Qrout 
Pyramid  contains  near  its  centre  several  considorublo  cham- 
bers, though  small  compared  with  the  site  of  the  entire 
structure.  The  Pyramid  of  Cephren,  the  second  in  size, 
has  a  base  684  feet  square,  with  a  vortical  height  of  456 
feet.  The  Pyramids  of  Qheezeh  stand  on  a  terrace  or 
plateau  of  limestone  rock,  and  the  greater  part  of  the 
■tones,  being  of  the  same  material,  are  supposed  to  have 
been  obtained  from  quarries  in  the  immediate  vicinity. 
All  the  pyramids  are  situated  on  the  \V.  side  of  the  Nile, 
and  some  of  the  smaller  ones  have  become  partially  or 
entirely  covered  with  the  sands  from  the  desert. 

Pyramus,  a  river  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Jyiioon. 

Pyrenees,  plr'^n-cei  (Fr.  Pyrtniet,  pco'rA'ni';  Sp. 
Piriiieot,  pe-ro-n4'oce ;  Oer.  Pyreniien,  pe-r9-ni'?n;  L. 
Pyreux'i  Mon'tei,  or  Pyre'ne  ;  Gr.  IIvpiji^,  Put-ini),  a  lofty 
mountain-chain,  forming  the  boundary  between  France 
and  Spain,  and  stretching  across  the  whole  of  the  isthmus 
which  connects  the  Spanish  peninsula  with  the  rest  of  the 
European  continent  and  abuts  with  one  extremity  at  the 
Mediterranean  and  the  other  at  the  Atlantic.  Its  length, 
from  Cape  Creux,  N.  of  the  Gulf  of  Rosas,  to  the  point  or 
promontory  near  Fontarabia,  is  nearly  270  miles ;  and  its 
breadth  near  the  centre,  where  it  is  greatest,  scarcely  ex- 
ceeds a  third  of  the  length,  or  90  miles.  On  the  W.  the 
chain  is  continued,  under  the  name  of  the  Cantabrian  Moun- 
tains, across  the  N.  of  Spain,  nearly  to  Cape  Finisterre, 
though  the  direction  of  the  Pyrenees  is  E.S.E.  and  W.N.W. 
They  do  not  lie  in  the  same  straight  line,  but  rather  con- 
sist of  two  lines,  which  form  parallel  ridges  about  20  miles 
distant  from  each  other,  except  near  the  centre,  where  they 
become  united  by  means  of  a  remarkable  rectangular  elbow, 
in  which  some  of  the  loftiest  summits  are  found.  The  de- 
scent on  the  S.  side  is  much  more  abrupt  than  on  the  N., 
but  far  surpasses  it  in  the  boldness  and  grandeur  of  its 
scenery.  The  Pyrenees  are  among  the  highest  mountains 
of  Europe;  the  summit  of  the  chain  forms  a  curved  line 
with  a  mean  altitude  of  7990  feet.  Its  culminating  point. 
Pic  Nethou,  or  Maladotta,  has  the  height  of  11,168  feet, 
and  a  great  number  of  peaks  in  the  same  locality  exceed 
8500  foot.  To  the  E.  of  the  centre  the  chain  lowers  rapidly. 
To  the  W.  many  peaks  have  heights  varying  from  5000  to 
7000  feet  and  even  8000  feet.  There  are  numerous  passes 
in  the  Pyrenees,  whioh  take,  in  the  E.  part  of  the  chain,  the 
name  of  Cols,  and  towards  the  centre  that  of  Ports.  The 
most  frequented  are  those  of  Pertus  and  La  Perche  in  the 
E.,  and  St.  Jean  Pied  de  Port  in  the  W.  The  azoic  forma- 
tion is  less  extensive  than  in  the  Alps;  it  consists  of 
granite,  micaceous  schist,  and  limestone,  which  form  a  con- 
tinuous band,  stretching  three-fourths  across  the  isthmus. 
•  The  bulk  of  the  system  is  composed  of  secondary  rocks, 
which  are  arranged  in  vertical  bands  flanking  the  older 
rocks,  and  consist  of  clay-slate,  gray  wocke,  and  blue  lime- 


stone.   The  oolite  and  chalk  formations  occur  on  the  lowur 
part  of  the  chain. 

Snow  lies  deep  in  the  Pyrenees  during  a  great  part  of  the 
year,  and  is  perpetual  on  the  higher  points.  The  olevatiou 
of  the  snow-lino  is  8000  feet.  From  the  Miirbor6  to  Muln- 
detta  the  summits  are  covered  with  broad  bands  of  ice;  yit 
no  true  glaciers  have  been  discovered.  Grain  grows  in  soiiio 
of  the  upper  valleys,  maize  is  cultivated  at  nn  clovution  of 
3280  feet,  and  the  pine-tree  grows  at  10,870  feet  above  tlie 
sea.  The  princi|)al  summits  are  Pic  Nethou  (Maladcttn) 
11,168  feet;  Mont  Perdu,  10,950  feet;  the  Vignomale,  10,820 
feet;  Pic  du  Midi,  9540  feet;  and  Canigou,  9137  feet.         j 

The  principal  passes  of  the  Pyrenees  are,  from  E.  to  \V.  j 
Port  d'Oo,  9843  feet;  Br6cho  de  Koland,  9500  feet;  yZ\ 
taub6,  8402  feet ;  Tourmalet,  7143  feet ;  and  Gavarnie,  7651 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  The  chief  rivers  rising  in 
the  Pyrenees  are  the  Adour,  Garonne,  and  Aude,  flowing; 
N.,  ond  the  Llobrcgat,  and  numerous  aflluenls  of  the  Ebro, 
flowing  S. 

Pyrenees,  Australian.    See  VicroniA  (colony).       I 

Pyr6n^cs-Orientales,  pee'ri*nAz'.o're-6N»*tir,  al 
department  in  the  S.  of  France,  bounded  E.  by  tho  Mediter- 
ranean, and  comprised  in  the  old  provinces  of  liouxHillon  and! 
Languedoc.  Area,  1571  square  miles.  Pop.inlSSl,  208,8r)5. 
Tho  Pyrenees  on  the  S.  separate  the  department  from  Spain,! 
and  connect  it  with  their  contreforts;  the  highest  point  ini 
tho  department  is  Canigou,  9137  feet  high.  Tlie  chief  rivers 
are  the  Tet,  Agly,  and  Aude,  flowing  E.  to  the  Mediterranean, 
the  Ari6go,  afiluent  of  the  Garonne,  and  tho  Segrc,  nflluvnt 
of  the  Ebro.  On  the  coast  are  the  marshes  of  Leurato  and 
Saint-Nazaire,  and  the  ports  Collioure,  Port  Vendrcs,  and 
Bagnols.  The  soil  contains  iron,  antimony,  fme  marble,  and 
mineral  springs.  The  orange  grows  here  on  espaliers.  Tho 
wines  of  Iloussillon  are  esteemed.  Wool,  live-stock,  cut- 
lery, cloth,  and  leather  are  leading  articles  of  export.  The 
department  is  divided  into  tho  arrondissements  of  Cdret, 
Perpignan,  and  Prades.    Capital,  Pcrpignan. 

Pyrenneo8,amountain-rangeof  Brazil.  See  Pf.rineos. 

Pyrgo,  pjr'go  or  pSSr'go,  a  village  of  Greece,  in  Morca, 
17  miles  S.S.E.  of  Gastouni,  near  the  coast.  It  has  a  good 
bazaar,  and  some  export  trade  in  rural  produce,  and  im-i 
ports  manufactured  goods.    Pop.  10,000. 

Pyritz,  poe'rits,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  24 
miles  S.E.  of  Stettin.  Pop.  7442.  It  has  manufactures  of 
woollen  cloth  and  leather. 

Pyrmont,  peen'mont,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Waldock,! 
capital  of  the  detached  principality  of  Pyrmont,  in  a  valley, 
32  miles  S.W.  of  Hanover.  Pop.  1397.  It  is  noted  for  its 
mineral  springs.    See  Waldeck. 

Pyr'mont,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  oo.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Wild  Cat  River,  about  13  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Lafayette. 

Pyrmont,  a  post-oflice  of  Morgan  co..  Mo. 

Pyrmont,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  0.,  3  miles; 
from  Brookville  Railroad  Station,  and  about  15  miles  W.N.W.' 
of  Dayton.    It  has  2  churches. 

Pyroxene  (pir'px-een)  Peak,  Montana,  is  in  MadisonI 
CO.,  between  tho  Madison  River  and  Passamari  Creek.  Ill 
is  one  of  the  highest  peaks  of  a  range  to  which  Old  Baldy 
belongs.    Its  height  is  estimated  at  9000  feet. 

Pysht,  a  post-ofiSce  of  Clallam  co.,  AVashington. 

Pyxus,  an  ancient  name  of  Policastro. 

Pyzdry,  a  town  of  Pohind.    See  Peisern. 


Q. 


«|aherah,  a  city  of  Egypt.    See  Caiho. 

Qen^,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Keseh. 

Qoceyr,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Kosseir. 

Qua,  kwi,  a  mountain  of  Guinea,  E.  of  the  Camcroons 
estuary,  64  miles  N.W.  of  thb  peak  of  Cameroons.  Lat.  5° 
12'  N. ;  Ion.  8°  50'  E.     Height,  5000  feet. 

Quack'en  Kill,  a  post-hamlet  in  Grafton  township, 
Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Albany. 

Qnaco,  kwi'ko,  a  light-house  containing  a  revolving 
Jight,  is  on  a  small  rock  off  Quaco  Head,  on  the  Bay  of 
Fundy,  on  the  coast  of  New  Brunswick,  in  lat.  45°  18'  N., 
Ion.  65°  32'  30"  W. 

Quaco,  or  Collina,  kol-le'na,  a  village  and  headland 
of  New  Brunswick,  co.  of  St.  John,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the 


Bay  of  Fundy,  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  St.  John.  It  cnntalm 
several  churches,  stores,  hotels,  mills,  and  ship-yards.  It 
is  one  of  the  chief  ship-building  places  in  the  province. 

Quade,  a  seaport  of  Arabia.    See  Ouane. 

Quadra  and  Vancouver  Island.    See  V'avcocvbr. 

Quadrata,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Crkstknti.no. 

Quadrelle,  kwi-drSl'li,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Caserta,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Nola.    Pop.  123.5. 

Qu<cnanger  (or  Quftnanger)  Fiord,  kwi'nang?r 
fe-ORd',  a  lake  of  Norway,  in  Finmark,  30  miles  S.W.  of, 
Altengaard.  .        i 

Quakake,  kw4-kaik',  or  Quakake  JunctioB,  •' 
village  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  in  Rush  township,  on  tl)< 
Catawissa  <t  Williamsport  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  th« 


QUA 


2235 


QUA 


Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  8  or  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mahanoy 
City,  and  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Tamaqua.    It  has  2  churches. 

(I'uakake  Creek,  of  Carbon  cc,  Pa.,  flows  into  the 
Lehigh  River. 

Quakenbriick,  kwS,'k?n-brUk',  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Hanover,  29  miles  N.  of  Osnaburg.     Pop.  2180. 

Qua'ker  Ba'sin,  a  hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  3 
miles  from  De  Ruytcr.  It  has  a  church,  a  cheese-factory, 
a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Quaker  Bottom,  a  post-village  in  Union  township, 
Lawrence  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  1  mile  from  Guyan- 
dolte,  W.  Va.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill, 
and  a  high  school.    Pop.  about  400. 

Quaker  City  (formerly  Mill'AVOod),  a  post-village  in 
Millwood  township,  Guernsey  co.,  0.,  on  the  Central  Ohio 
division  of  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  17  miles  E.  by 
S.  of  Cambridge.  It  has  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  2  churches,  and  several  coal-mines.    P.  1890,  815. 

Quaker  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Stokes  co.,  N.C. 

Quaker  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Vermilion  co.,  Ind.,  about 
30  miles  N.  of  Terre  Haute. 

Quaker  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  4 
miles  from  Pawling  Station. 

Quaker  Springs,  a  post- village  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Saratoga  township,  about  28  miles  N.  of  Albany.  It 
has  a  church  and  several  sulphur  springs. 

Quaker  Street,  a  post-village  in  Duanesburg  town- 
ship, Schenectady  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Albany  &  Susquehanna 
Railroad,  27  miles  W.  of  Albany.  A  branch  railroad  ex- 
tends from  this  place  to  Schenectady.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  about  400. 

Qua'kertOAvn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  East  Fork  of  Whitewater  River,  about  22  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Richmond.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Quakertown,  a  post-hamlet  in  Franklin  township, 
Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  about  28  miles  N.  by  AV.  of  Trenton. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Quakertown,  a  post-borough  in  Richland  township, 
Bucks  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  North  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  38 
miles  N.  of  Philadelphia,  and  17  miles  S.  of  Bethlehem.  It 
has  4  churches,  a  public  library,  a  high  school,  a  savings- 
bank,  2  manufactories  of  coaches,  2  of  cigars,  2  of  boots  and 
shoes,  and  manufactories  of  stoves,  organs,  and  threshing- 
machines.     Pop.  in  1880,  1769  ;  in  1890,  2169. 

Quakertown,  a  station  in  Lawrence  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Lawrence  Branch  Railroad,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Youngstown,  0. 

Qualischt,  kwd'lisht  (written  also  KAvallisch  ?),  a 
village  of  Bohemia,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Koniggratz. 

Qual'ity  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  1  mile 
from  Canastota.     It  has  a  church.     Post-office,  Lenox. 

Quality  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Ky.,  20 
miles  from  Russellville. 

Qual'latown,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Jackson 
CO.,  N.C,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Webster.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  1697,  of  whom  711  are  Cherokee  Indians. 

Qnaloe,  an  island  of  Norway.     See  Hvaloe. 

Quampanissa,  kwim-pi-nis'sl,  a  town  of  Dahomey, 
207  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Abomey.  Lat.  10°  40'  N.;  Ion.  2° 
30'  E.     Pop.  12,000. 

Quftnanger Fiord,  Norway.    See  Qu^nangeh  Fiord. 

Quandahl,  kwAn'dill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allamakee  co., 
Iowa,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Decorah.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a 
«aw-mill. 

Quau'dary  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  of  the  Park 
Range,  in  lat.  39°  24'  N.,  Ion.  106°  6'  W.  It  has  an  alti- 
tude of  14,269  feet.     It  is  3  miles  from  Mount  Lincoln. 

Quang-Ping,  or  Kouang-Ping,  kwAng'ping',  a 
city  of  China,  province  of  Pe-Chee-Loe,  240  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Peking.     It  has  numerous  temples. 

Quang-Ping,  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Koei-Choo, 
80  miles  E.N.E.  of  Koei-Yang. 

Quang-See,  Quang-Si,  Kwang-Si,  or 
Kouang-Si,  kwing^see'  (i.e.,  the  "western  extent,"  or 
"western  province"),  a  province  of  China,  between  lat.  22° 
and  26°  N.  and  Ion.  105°  and  112°  30'  E.,  having  S.W. 
Tonquin,  and  on  other  sides  the  provinces  of  Quang-Tong, 
Hoo-Nan,  &c.  Pop.  7,313,895.  Surface  mostly  mountain- 
ous. Nearly  all  its  rivers  join  the  Choo-Kiang,  which  has 
an  E.  course  and  ultimately  becomes  the  Canton  River. 
Principal  products,  cassia,  grain,  metals,  and  gems.  Chief 
city,  Khing-Yuan. 

Quang-See,  Quang-Si,  or  KAvang-Si,  kwllng- 
»ee',  a  city  of  China,  province  and  75  miles  S.E.  of  Yun-Nan. 

Quang-Sin-Foo,  or  Kouang-Sin-Fou,  kwing*- 
«in'foo',  a  walled  town  of  China,  province  of  Kiang-See. 
Lat.  28°  30' N. ;  Ion.  118°  10'  E. 

Quang-Tong,  kwing  tong',  Konang-Toung,  or 


Kwang-Tung,  kwSng'toong'  (i.e.,  the  "eastern  extent," 
or  "eastern  province"),  a  province  of  China,  between  Int.  20° 
and  25°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  108°  and  117°  E.,  having  W.  and 
N.  Quang-See,  Hoo-Nan,  Kiang-Scc,  and  Fo-Kien,  and  E. 
and  S.  the  China  Sea  and  Gulf  of  Tonquin,  which  are  sepa- 
rated by  its  peninsula  of  Uooce-Tchoo,  stretching  towards 
Hainan.  Pop.  19, 174,030.  Chief  products,  sugar,  tea,  cas- 
sia, betel,  rice,  iron,  silks,  cottons,  grass  cloths,  glass,  stone, 
and  lacquered  wares,  with  a  great  variety  of  other  goods 
made  in  Canton,  the  capital. 

Quano,  kwi'no,  a  maritime  town  of  Japan,  on  the  E. 
coast  of  the  island  of  Hondo,  56  miles  E.  of  Kioto. 

Quan'tico,  a  post-village  of  Wicomico  co.,  Md.,  9  miles 
W.  of  Salisbury.     It  has  a  lumber-mill  and  3  churches. 

Quantico,  a  station  in  Prince  William  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Potomac  River,  and  on  the  Richmond,  Fredericksburg  &  Po- 
tomac Railroad,  which  here  connects  with  the  Alexandria 
&  Fredericksburg  Railroad,  27  miles  S.S.W.  of  Alexandria. 

Qiian'tock,  a  post-office  of  Scriven  co.,  Ga. 

Quan'tock  Hills,  a  range  in  England,  co.  of  Somer- 
set, extending  S.E.  from  the  Bristol  Channel,  near  Watchct, 
to  between  Bridgcwater  and  Taunton. 

Quapaw,  kwd'paw,  a  post -hamlet  of  Newton  co.,  Mo., 
8  miles  from  Baxter  Sj)rings,  Kansas. 

Quarante,  kd'r6.\t',  a  town  of  France,  in  II6rault,  13 
miles  W.  of  Bcziers.     Pop.  1573. 

Quaregnon,  ki*r5n*y6K»',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
Ilainaut,  4  miles  W.S.W.  of  Mons.     Pop.  2490. 

Quaremont,  kaii''ni6No',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  1748. 

Quargnento,  kwann-ySn'to,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Alessandria,  near  Felizzano.     Pop.  2887. 

Quaritz,  kw3.'rits,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  31  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  2003. 

Quarncro,  (Julf  of.    See  Gulf  op  Quarneuo. 

Quarouble,  kiVoob'l',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  a 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Valenciennes,  on  the  Belgian  frontier.  It 
has  tanneries,  &c.     Pop.  2530. 

Quarr6-les-Tombes,  kaR^ni'-li-tdjib,  a  village  of 
France,  in  Yonne,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Avallon. 

Quarri,  or  Kouarri,  kwar'ree,  a  town  of  Central 
Africa,  96  miles  E.  of  Saccatoo.     Pop.  6000.  (?) 

Quar'ry,  a  station  of  the  Ohio  <t  Mississippi  Railroad, 
5  miles  W.  of  Shoals,  Ind. 

Quarry,  a  post-village  in  Le  Grand  township,  Marshall 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Iowa  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  North- 
western Railroad,  5i  miles  E.S.E.  of  Marshalltown.  Here 
is  a  quarry  of  marble,  or  fine  limestone,  which  is  exported. 

Quarry,  a  station  in  Box  Elder  co.,  Utah,  on  the  Cen- 
tral Pacific  Railroad,  7i  miles  N.W.  of  Corinne. 

Quarry  liank,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Stafford,  3 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Dudley.     Pop.  6332. 

Quarry  Station,  a  hamlet  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Hadley  township,  on  the  Hudson  River,  and  on  the  Adiron- 
dack Railroad.     Here  is  a  granite-quarry. 

Quarry  Switch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bullitt  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad.  It  has  a  stone-quarry 
and  a  distillery. 

Quar'ryville,  a  post-office  of  Tolland  co..  Conn.,  about 
14  miles  E.  of  Hartford. 

Quarryville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wantage  township, 
Sussex  CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Midland  Railroad,  70  miles  N.W. 
of  Jersey  City.     It  has  a  church  and  a  stone-quarry. 

Quarryville,  a  post-village  in  Saugerties  township, 
Ulster  CO.,  N.Y.,  about  15  miles  N.  of  Kingston.  It  has  2 
churches.    Pop.  about  500.    Here  are  quarries  of  bluestone. 

Quarryville,  a  post-village  in  Eden  township,  Lancas- 
ter CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Lancaster  <fe  Quarryville  Branch  Rail- 
road, 15  miles  S.E.  of  Lancaster.  It  has  a  church,  and  ex- 
tensive manufactories  of  lime,  from  limestone  quarried  here. 

Quarten,  kwau't§n,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  23  miles  S.S.W.  of  St.  Gall,  on  a  mountain-spur  above 
the  Lake  of  Wallenstadt.     Pop.  1771. 

Quarto,  kwan'to,  a  river  of  the  Argentine  Republic, 
province  of  Cordova,  flows  S.E.,  and  loses  itself  in  a  marsh, 
after  a  course  of  about  280  miles. 

Quarto,  kwaci'to,  or  Quarto,  kwan'too,  a  town  of  the 
island  of  Sardinia,  4  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  6209. 

Quartuccio,  kwan-toot'cho,  a  village  of  the  island  of 
Sardinia,  1  mile  N.  of  Quarto.     Pop.  2054. 

Quartz,  a  township  of  Plumas  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  810. 

Quartz'burg,  a  post-office  of  Bois6  co.,  Idaho. 

Quartz  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Missoula  co.,  Montana. 

Quas'queton,  a  post-village  in  Liberty  township, 
Buchanan  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Wapsipinicon  River,  about  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Independence.  It  has  3  churches,  a  gradad 
school,  and  a  flouring-mill.    Pop.  about  550. 


QUA 


2236 


QUE 


Qofithlnmba,  kTr&t-l&m'bl,  Knthlamba,  k&t-Um'- 
b&,  or  Drakcnbcrg,  dr&'kfn-biiu/,  a  inountain-rango  of 
Africa,  which  stretches  ftlonc  tho  AV.  frontiers  of  Natnl. 

Quntrc  Ilras,  k&t'r  br&,  a  villago  of  Belgium,  prov- 
ince of  South  Urabtint,  3  miles  S.S.E.  of  Qcnappo,  and  10 
luilos  from  tho  village  of  Waterloo. 

Quatrc-Frferes,  kit'r-frain  (i.e.,  "four  brothers"),  a 
group  of  islets  belonging  to  tho  Kooril  Islands,  between 
Fiuioosccr  and  Ooroop.  They  are  barren  lofty  rocks.  The 
iiouthcrnuiost.  Tschorpoy,  or  Tornoy,  is  an  e.xtinct  volcano. 

Qimtro  Villc,  kwSt'tro  veel'li  ("four  villages"),  four 
villages  of  Italy,  near  Mantua.     Pop.  of  commune,  2fi60. 

Quebec,  kwo-bfik' (Fr.  Qu(bec,]s.ii''hbk';  L.  Qnclecum), 
a  city  and  port,  and,  after  Montreal,  tho  most  populous  city 
in  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  capital  of  the  province  of  Que- 
bec, is  situated  on  tho  left  bank  of  tho  river  St.  Lawrence 
(which  hero  receives  the  St.  Charles),  400  miles  from  its 
mouth,  180  milos  N.E.  of  Montreal,  and  328  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Portland,  Mo.  Lat.  46°  49'  6"  N.;  Ion.  71°  13'  45"  W. 
Mean  temperature  in  winter  10°,  in  summer  68°  Fahren- 
roit;  mean  of  the  year,  39°.  The  city  has  a  remarkably 
jiicturesque  situation  between  the  two  rivers,  at  tho  N.E. 
extremity  of  an  elevated  tablo-land  which  forms  tho  loft 
bunk  of  the  St.  Lawrence.  Cape  Diamond,  tho  extremity 
of  the  table-land,  is  333  feet  aoovo  the  level  of  the  river, 
to  which  it  presents  a  nearly  precipitous  face.  Quebec  is 
divided  into  two  parts,  called  Upper  and  Lower  Towns.  Tho 
upper  town  occupies  the  highest  part  of  tho  promontory, 
and  is  surrounded  with  walls  and  otherwise  fortified,  having 
an  ancient  citadel,  which  crowns  the  summit  of  Cape  Dia- 
mond and  covers  with  its  numerous  works  an  area  of  40 
acres.  From  its  position  it  is  probably  the  strongest  fortress 
in  America.  The  chief  ascents  to  the  upper  town  are  by 
a  steep  and  narrow  winding  street  and  by  a  flight  of  steps. 
'Xho  lower  town,  which  is  tho  seat  of  commerce,  is  built 
around  tho  base  of  Cape  Diamond,  whore,  in  many  places, 
the  rock  has  been  cut  away  to  make  room  for  the  houses. 
On  the  side  of  tho  St.  Charles  the  water  at  flood-tide  for- 
merly washed  the  very  foot  of  the  rock,  but  from  time  to 
time  wharf  after  wharf  has  been  projected  towards  low- 
water  mark,  and  foundations  made  suflicicntly  solid  on 
which  to  build  whole  streets  where  vessels  of  considerable 
burden  onco  rode  at  anchor.  The  banks  of  both  rivers  are 
now  lined  with  warehouses  and  wharves.  The  streets  are 
generally  irregular  and  narrow.  The  houses  are  principally 
of  stone  and  brick,  2  or  3  stories  high,  the  older  ones  with 
Bleep  and  quaint-looking  roofs. 

In  the  upper  town  are  several  squares  and  public  walks 
commanding  views  of  varied  and  picturesque  beauty.  In 
one  stands  a  monument  to  Generals  Wolfe  and  Montcalm, 
the  English  .and  French  commanders  who  fell  at  the  taking 
of  Quebec  in  1759.  A  monument  40  feet  in  height  marks 
the  spot  where  General  Wolfe  fell  on  tho  Plains  of  Abraham. 

Among  the  public  buildings  may  be  mentioned  the  Par- 
liament buildings,  the  Roman  Catholic  cathedral  (cipablc 
of  containing  4000  pei-sons,  and  covering,  with  the  univcr- 
Bity  attached,  an  area  of  8  acres),  tho  English  cathedral,  and 
St.  John's  Free  Scotch  church.  There  are  in  all  19  churches 
in  Quebec,  and  a  synagogue.  Of  the  churches,  7  are  lloman 
Catholic  and  7  Church  of  England.  The  educational  in- 
stitutions comprise  Laval  University,  with  faculties  of  law, 
medicine,  and  arts;  the  Grand  Seminary  and  the  Minor 
Seminary ;  tho  Ursuline  Convent ;  several  nunneries ; 
..Morrin  College,  with  10  professoi-s;  Laval  Normal  and 
Model  School ;  the  Quebec  High  School;  and  a  number  of 
academies  and  private  and" public  schools.  There  are,  in 
addition,  the  Canadian  and  Mechanics'  Institutes,  with 
libraries  and  reading-rooms;  the  Literary  and  Historical 
Society,  founded  in  1824,  and  possessing  valuable  records 
and  a  large  collection  of  historical  manuscripts ;  the  En- 
tomological Society,  St.  Patrick's  Literary  Institute,  Ad- 
v6eates'  Library,  Board  of  Trade,  and  Merchants'  Ex- 
change. Six  daily  newspapers  are  published  in  Quebec,  3 
of  which  are  in  the  French  language.  The  principal  bo- 
neviilent  institutions  are  the  Marine  Hospital,  the  HOtol- 
Dieu,  the  General  Hospital,  and  the  lunatic  asylum  at 
Bcauport.  Quebec  has  tho  head  offices  of  3  banks,  viz., 
Quebec  Bank,  Banque  Nationale,  and  Union  Bank  of 
Lower  Canada,  besides  which  there  are  2  savings-banks, 
and  agencies  of  the  Bank  of  Montreal  and  Bank  of  British 
North  America. 

Ship-building  is  the  chief  manufacturing  industry.  There 
are  also  manufactories  of  iron  castings,  machinery,  cutlery, 
nails,  leather,  musical  instruments,  boots  and  shoes,  paper, 
india-rubber  goods,  rope,  tobacco,  stool,  <kc.  The  great 
staple  of  export  is  timber,  which  is  furnished  principally 
by  'he  Ottawa  and  St.  Maurice  Rivers,  and  is   brought 


hither  In  rafts,  and  collected  into  eove»  which  extend  > 
the  left  bank  of  the  St.  Lawreueo  for  a  distance  of  C. 
above  the  town.  Here  are  cxtonaivo  timber-  and  deal 
ing  establishments  on  the  right  bank  of  the  St.  Lawi 
Quoboo  returns  three  members  to  tho  House  of  Com 
and  three  to  tho  provincial  legislature.  It  is  the  c 
the  see  of  a  bishop  of  the  Church  of  England  nnd 
archbishop  of  the  Church  of  Rome.  Pop.  in  1832,  27 
in  1852,42,052;  in  1871,  69,099,-52,337  of  whom  woro 
Roman  Catholics;  in  1881,  62,446;  in  1891,  r.:!,ii!ii). 

Quebec  was  first  visited  by  Jacques  Cartier  in  1535.  It 
then  consisted  of  an  Indian  village  called  Stadacona.  In 
July,  1608,  Chamnlain  founded  the  city,  giving  it  its  pres- 
ent name.  In  lt>29  it  foil  into  tho  hands  of  tho  Engliuli, 
but,  with  the  whole  of  Canada,  was  restored  to  the  French 
in  1632,  and  in  1663,  when  the  colony  was  ma<lo  a  royal 
government,  it  became  the  capital.  In  1690  tho  EnglJBh 
attempted  to  recapture  it,  but  met  with  defeat;  but  in  1759 
it  was  captured  by  General  Wolfe,  and  has  since  been  under 
the  British  crown.  An  unsuccessful  attempt  was  made  by 
the  Americans  to  carry  tho  city  by  assault  on  the  night  of 
December  31,  1775,  when  General  Montgomery  was  slain. 
Quebec,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Quebec,  com- 
prises an  area  of  2598  square  miles.  This  county  is  drained 
Dy  the  Bostonnais,  Batisuan,  St.  Charles,  Montmorency,  and 
other  streams.  It  has  tho  St.  Lawrence  for  its  S.E.  bound- 
ary.    Capital,  Charlcsbourg.     Pop.  19,607. 

Qaebec,  a  province  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada, 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  Labrador  and  Hudson's  Bay;  on  tho 
E.  by  Labrador  and  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence ;  on  the  S.  by 
the  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  New  Brunswick,  Maine,  New  Hamp- 
shire, Vermont,  and  New  York ;  and  on  tho  S.W.  by  the 
river  Ottawa  and  the  province  of  Ontario.  Length,  from 
Lake  Temiscamingue,  in  the  Strait  of  Belle  Isle,  nboot 
1000  miles  on  a  due  E.  and  W.  course,  and  from  the  above- 
named  lake  to  Cape  GaspC,  about  700  miles;  breadth,  about 
300  miles.     Area,  228,900  square  miles. 

The  principal  mountain -ranges  consist  of  the  Notre 
Dame  or  Green  Mountains,  which,  from  the  latitude  of  tho 
city  of  Quebec,  follow  nearly  the  whole  course  of  the  St. 
Lawrence  on  its  S.  side,  and  terminate  on  the  gulf  of  tho 
same  name,  between  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs  and  Gasi)6  I'olnt. ; 
On  the  N.  side  of  the  river  are  the  Laurentinn  range,  about 
1000  feet  in  elevation,  the  Mealy  Mountains,  stretching 
from  about  lat.  75°  W.  to  Sandwich  Bay,  and  computed  to 
bo  about  1500  feet  high,  and  the  AVotchish  Mountains,  a! 
short  range  of  crescent  form,  between  the  Gulf  of  St.  Law-' 
rence  and  Hudson's  Bay.  In  the  Ga8p6  district  numerons 
and  beautiful  specimens  of  quartz  have  been  obtained. 
The  limestone  formation  extends  over  30,000  square  iiiilcs  ; 
the  dip  is  moderate,  and  the  strata  of  limestone  are  gcncr-! 
ally  undisturbed.  Earthquakes  have  been  very  frequent  iD, 
the  province,  and  some  of  them  of  considerable  violence,  i 
The  province  of  Quebec  possesses  ores  of  gold,  copper,  iron,! 
<tc.  Gold  is  found  chiefly  on  tho  banks  of  the  t'haudieru. ! 
Copper  is  found  in  large  quantities  in  the  eastern  townships,  i 
Iron  is  found  almost  everywhere,  and  is  of  superior  quality. ' 
Lead,  silver,  zinc,  platinum,  Ac,  also  occur  in  various  sec- 
tions. The  groat  river  St.  Lawrence  flows  through  the, 
province.  Just  above  Montreal  it  receives  from  the  N.W. 
the  Ottawa,  a  river  800  miles  long  and  scarcely  inferior  toj 
it  in  interest.  Below  Montreal  it  receives,  on  the  right, 
the  Richelieu  River,  having  its  source  in  Lake  Champlain, 
the  St.  Francis,  rising  in  Lake  Memphremagog,  and  the 
Chaudifirc,  the  outlet  of  Lake  Megantic;  and,  on  the  left, 
the  St.  Maurice,  Batiscan,  and  Saguenay  Rivers,  from  200 
to  400  miles  in  length.  Tho  latter  is  the  outlet  of  tho 
large  and  beautiful  Lake  St.  John. 

'iho  climate  of  Quebec,  though  similar  to  that  of  On- 
tario, is  colder  in  winter  and  warmer  in  summer.  Spring 
bursts  forth  in  great  beauty,  and  vegetation  is  rapid.  In  > 
winter  the  cold  is  generally  steady  and  the  atmosphere  is 
clear  and  bracing.  Winter  usually  commences  at  the  latter 
end  of  November,  and  lasts  until  the  end.of  March.  The 
soil  is  in  many  districts  rich  and  adapted  to  the  growth  of 
cereals.  Apples  and  plums  grow  in  abundance.  _  The 
greater  part  of  the  province  is  covered  by  forests,  consisting 
chiefly  of  white  and  red  pine.  The  other  kinds  of  timber 
are  ash,  birch,  beech,  elm,  hickory,  black  walnut,  maple, 
cherry,  butternut,  basswood,  spruce,  fir,  ic. 

There  arc  nearly  1000  miles  of  railway  in  operation. 
The  province  is  divided  into  68  counties,  viz.,  Argenteuil, 
Arthabaska,  Bagot,  Beauce,  Beauharnois,  Bellcchassc,  Bor- 
thier,  Bonaventure,  Brome,  Chambly,  Ciamplain,  Charle- 
voix, Chateauguay,  Chicoutimi,  Compton,  Dorchester,  Dnim- 
mond,  Gaspe,  Hochelaga,  Huntingdon,  Iberville,  Jatqucs 
Cartier,  Jolictte,   Kamouraska,  Laprairie,   L'Assomption, 


QUE 


2237 


QUE 


Laval,  Levis,  L'Islet,  Lotbinifiro,  Maskinonge,  Megantic, 
C. 

CO.,     »  "..- 7     /       T  .       -  -       - 

Quebec  eo.,  Richelieu,  Richmond,  Riinouski,  Rouville,  Sa- 
gucnay,  St.  Ilyacinthe,  St.  Johns,  St.  Maurice,  Shefford, 
Sherbrooke,  Soulanges,  Stanstead,  Temiscouata,  Terrebonne, 
Two  Mountains,  Vaudreuil,  VerchSres,  Wolfe,  and  Ya- 
maska.     Pop.  in  1870,  1,191,516;  in  1891,  1,488,586. 

For  judicial  purposes  the  province  is  divided  into  20  dis- 
tricts, each  judicial  district  having  equal  jurisdiction  in 
ail  matters,  except  as  to  revision  and  appeal.  The  superior 
court  and  the  court  of  appeal  sit  at  Montreal  and  Quebec. 
Public  instruction  is  under  the  control  and  direction  of  the 
provincial  secretary,  who  is  also  called  the  minister  of 
public  instruction,  and  who  is  assisted  by  a  council  of  21 
meuibors,  14  of  whom  are  Roman  Catholics  and  7  Prot- 
estants. In  1871  there  were  in  the  province  3639  element- 
ary schools,  227  model  schools,  147  agricultural,  commercial, 
and  special  schools,  and  15  colleges  and  seminaries.  The 
Protestant  universities  are  McGill  College,  at  Montreal, 
founded  in  1827,  and  Bishop's  College,  Lennoxville,  founded 
in  1843.  The  Roman  Catholic  University  of  Laval  was 
founded  at  Quebec  in  1852. 

The  prevailing  religion  is  that  of  the  Church  of  Rome. 
The  Roman  Catholic  sees  are  6  in  number,  viz.,  the  arch- 
diocese of  Quebec,  and  the  dioceses  of  Montreal,  Three 
Rivers,  St.  Ilyacinthe,  Sherbrooke,  and  Rimouski.  The 
Protestant  dioceses  are  2,  viz.,  Montreal  and  Quebec. 

The  public  affairs  of  tlio  province  are  administered  by  a 
lieutenant-governor,  an  executive  council  of  7  members,  a 
legislative  council  of  24  members  appointed  for  life,  and  a 
legislative  assembly  of  65  members.  The  judicial  depart- 
ment comprises  a  court  of  queen's  bench,  with  a  chief 
justice  and  4  assistants  ;  a  superior  court,  with  a  chief  jus- 
tice and  26  assistants ;  a  court  of  vice-admiralty  ;  courts 
of  quarter-sessions ;  and  courts  for  small  causes. 

The  province  contains  many  grand  and  beautiful  objects 
of  interest  to  the  tourist.     The  Ottawa  and  its  tributaries 
abound  in  falls  and  rapids  of  an  exceedingly  picturesque 
character,  at  which  and  at  other  falls  are  timber-slides  con- 
structed at  great  expense.     There  are  also  the  well-known 
Palls  of  Montmorency,  7  miles  below  Quebec,  with  a  per- 
,  pendicular  descent  of  240  feet;  the  Falls  of  the  Chaudifire, 
on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  10  miles  above  Quebec, 
;  with  a  perpendicular  pitch  of  125  feet  down  a  deep  chasm ; 
the  beautiful  Falls  of  the  St.  Anne,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the 
St.  Lawrence,  22  miles  below  Quebec;  and  the  Long  Sault, 
Cedars,  and  Lachine  Rapids,  all  on  the  fashionable  route 
;  of  tourists.     But  the  grandest  river-scenery  is  to  be  seen 
;  on  the  Saguenay  River,  which  enters  the  St.  Lawrence  about 
j  120  miles  below  Quebec. 

i  The  Indian  population  of  the  province  of  Quebec  in  1871 
was  8657, — Nipissings,  Algonquins,  Abenakis,  Hurons,  Mic- 
macs,  Amalicites,  Montagnais,  and  Nasquapees. 
I  The  province  is  said  to  have  been  discovered  by  Sebastian 
,  Cabot  in  1497  ;  but  the  first  settlement  made  by  Europeans 
i  was  in  1541,  near  Quebec,  by  Jacques  Cartier,  a  French 
i  navigator,  who  sailed  up  the  St.  Lawrence,  to  which  he 
,  gave  its  present  name.  In  1608  a  permanent  settlement 
J  was  made  by  the  French  upon  the  present  site  of  the  city 
i  of  Quebec.  From  this  period  till  1759  the  French  con- 
tinued to  occupy  the  country,  though  much  harassed  by  In- 
i  dians;  but  in  the  year  last  named  an  English  army,  under 
,  General  Wolfe,  captured  Quebec ;  and  by  September  8, 1760, 
i  all  other  places  within  the  government  of  Canada  were  sur- 
,  rendered  to  the  British,  and  the  French  power  entirely 
annihilated.  In  1792  the  province  was  divided  into  Upper 
t  and  Lower  Canada,  but  in  1840,  after  serious  political  dis- 
i  sensions,  they  were  reunited,  under  the  name  of  the  United 
I  Provinces  of  Canada.  In  1867  they  were  again  separated, 
j  and,  under  the  names  respectively  of  Ontario  and  Quebec, 
j  form  the  two  most  important  provinces  in  the  Dominion. 
;  Quebrobo,  ki-bro'bo,  or  Cabrobo,  ki-bro'bo,  a  vil- 
lage of  Brazil,  state  of  Pernambuco,  on  the  Sao  Francisco, 
:  275  miles  W.N.W.  of  Porto  Seguro.  Pop.  2000. 
I  Que'chee,  Ot'ta  Que'chee,  or  VVa'ter  Qne'- 
|chee,  a  river  of  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  falls  into  the  Connecti- 
|cut  River. 

j  Quechee,  a  post-village  of  AVindsor  co.,  Vt.,  in  Hart- 
i  ford  township,  on  the  Quechee  River,  and  on  the  Woodstock 
j  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Woodstock.  It  has  a  church,  and  a 
manufactory  of  woollen  goods,  and  one  of  satinet. 

Queda,  Quedah,  ki'di,  Kcd'da,  or  Ked'ah,  a 
[state  of  the  Malay  Peninsula,  chiefly  between  lat.  5°  40' 
I  and  7°  N.  and  Ion.  99°  40'  and  101°  E.,  having  W.  the  Strait 
I  of  Malacca,  and  on  other  sides  the  states  of  Ligor,  Patany, 


Perak,  <tc.  Area,  about  4500  square  miles.  Estimated 
pop.  21,000.  It  comprises  numerous  grassy  plains,  and  is 
well  wooded.  The  products  comprise  tin,  gold,  rice,  rattans, 
dammar,  tortoise-shells,  hides,  and  skins.  The  capital  town, 
Quedah,  is  on  the  mouth  of  the  Quedah  River,  in  lat.  6° 
6'  S.,  Ion.  100°  20'  E.;  and  about  15  miles  farther  south- 
ward is  Quedah  Peak,  5000  feet  in  height. 

Quedlinburg,  kwdd'lin-b5onG\  a  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  31  miles  S.W.  of  Magdeburg,  capital  of  the  circle, 
of  Ascherslcben,  on  the  Bode,  a  tributary  of  the  Saale. 
Pop.  17,035.  It  is  enclosed  by  turreted  walls,  and  its  an- 
cient castle  was  formerly  the  residence  of  the  abbesses  of 
Quedlinburg.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  stuffs,  dis- 
tilleries and  sugar-refineries,  and  a  brisk  trade  in  cattle. 

Quee'chy,  a  hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Canaan 
township,  IJ  miles  from  Canaan  Station.  It  has  a  paper- 
mill  and  a  grist-mill. 

Queen,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.C. 

Queen  Adelaide  Islands.   See  Adelaide  Islands. 

Queen  Anne's,  annz,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Mary- 
land, borders  on  Delaware.  Area,  about  352  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  and  N.AV.  by  Chester  River,  on  the 
S.E.  by  Tuckahoe  Creek,  and  on  the  W.  by  Chesapeake 
Bay.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat, 
Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Oysters 
abound  in  the  adjacent  wafers.  Marl  is  found  here.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  & 
Baltimore  Railroad.  Capital,  Centreville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
16,171;  in  1880,  19,257;  in  1890,  18,461. 

Qneen'borough,  a  decayed  borough  of  England,  co. 
of  Kent,  on  the  Medway,  2  miles  S.  of  Sheerness. 

Queen  Charlotte  (shar'l9t)  Island,  an  island  in 
the  South  Pacific  Ocean.     Lat.  19°  17'  S. ;  Ion.  138°  42'  AV. 

Queen  Charlotte  Islands,  a  group  in  the  South 
Pacific,  between  the  Mallicollo  and  Solomon  Islands. 

Queen  Charlotte's  Islands,  a  group  of  islands  in 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  off  the  coast  of  British  Columbia,  N.  of 
A'ancouver  Island,  between  lat.  52°  and  64°  N.  and  Ion. 
131°  and  133°  AV.  These  islands  form  part  of  British  Co- 
lumbia. They  consist  of  2  largo  and  2  smaller  ones  (lying 
in  an  archipelago  of  islets),  called  Graham,  Moresby,  North, 
and  Prescott.  The  climate  is  very  agreeable.  The  islands 
teem  with  various  mineral  products.  Gold-bearing  quartz 
and  copper  and  iron  ores  exist ;  and  a  fine  vein  of  anthracite 
coal  of  a  superior  quality  has  been  wrought. 

Queen  Charlotte  Sound,  British  Columbia,  is  the 
northern  part  of  the  strait  which  separates  A^ancouver 
Island  from  the  mainland.  It  connects  the  Pacific  Ocean 
with  the  Gulf  of  Georgia. 

Queen  City,  a  hamlet  of  Ad.ims  co.,  Iowa,  2  miles 
from  Corning.     Pop.  of  township,  398. 

Queen  City,  a  post-office  of  Rowan  co.,  Ky. 

Queen  City,  a  post- village  in  Prairie  township,  Schuy- 
ler CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern  Rail- 
road, 49i  miles  N.  of  Macon.  It  has  a  church,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Queen  City,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  Tex.,  on  tha 
Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad,  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Jefferson.  It 
has  1  or  2  churches,  iron-works,  a  publishing  establishment, 
a  carriage-shop,  a  lumber-mill,  a  brick-yard,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  number  of  other  business  houses  and  general  stores. 
Pop.  in  1880,  301;  in  1890,  672. 

Queen  City,  a  post-office  and  railroad  station  of  Put- 
nam CO.,  AV.  Va.,  5  miles  S.E.  of  AVinfield. 

Queen'land,  a  post-office  of  Wilcox  co.,  Ga. 

Queens,  a  southeastern  county  of  New  York,  is  a  part 
of  Long  Island.  Area,  about  250  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  Long  Island  Sound,  and  on  the  S. 
by  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  The  western  part  of  it  is  contigu- 
ous to  Brooklyn  and  to  the  East  River,  which  separates  it 
from  the  city  of  New  York.  The  surface  is  moderately 
uneven.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Hay,  Indian  corn,  potatoes, 
milk,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  several  branches  of  which 
connect  at  Jamaica,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  73,803;  in 
1880,  90,574;  in  1890,  128,059. 

Queens,  a  post-village  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Jamaica 
township,  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  14  miles  E.  of 
Brooklyn,  and  i  mile  from  Creedmore.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  about  400. 

Queens,  a  post-village  of  Upshur  co.,  AV^.  A'a.,  on  the 
Middle  Fork  of  Tygart's  A''alley  River,  42  miles  S.  of 
Clarksburg.     It  has  a  flour-mill,  2  stores,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Queens,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  New  Bruns- 
wick, intersected  by  the  river  St.  John.  Area,  1500  square 
miles.     Capital,  Gagetown.     Pop.  13,847. 

Queens,  a  coantv  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Nova  Scotia, 


QUE 


2238 


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bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Atlantic.  Area,  1060  lauare 
miles.  The  coast  is  deeply  indented,  and  bordered  by  a 
rugged  ridge,  but  the  interior  is  diversified  with  valleys, 
rivers,  and  lalces.     Capital,  Liverpool.     Pop.  10,554. 

Queens,  a  county  occupying  the  middle  part  of  Prince 
Edirard  Island.  Area,  772  square  miles.  Capital,  Char- 
lottctown.     Pop.  42,651. 

Queons'berry,  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  eo.  and  14 
miles  N.  of  Dumfrius. 

Queensborough,  a  post-village  in  Hastings  co.,  On- 
tario, on  Blaolc  Crook,  37  miles  from  Belleville.  It  has  a 
tlouring-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  2  stores.     Pop.  100. 

Queensbury,  queenz'b^r-re,  a  post-hamlet  in  Queens- 
bury  township,  Warren  eo.,  N.Y.,  about  18  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Whitoball,  and  4  miles  N.  of  Olens  Falls.  The  township 
U  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lalce  George,  and  on  the  S.  by 
the  Hudson  River.  It  contains  the  large  village  of  Glens 
Falls.     Pop.  in  1880,  9805;  in  1890,  11,849. 

Queen^s  Couii'ty,  an  inland  county  of  Ireland,  in 
Leinster.  Area,  664  square  miles.  Pop.  64,639.  The  sur- 
face is  mostly  flat.  The  principal  rivers  are  tlie  Barrow  and 
Kore.  The  soil  is  fertile,  wita  largo  tracts  of  bog.  Coal, 
iron,  copper,  manganese,  marl,  and  fuller's  earth  are  met 
with.  The  Grand  Canal  and  Great  Southern  &  Western 
Railway  pass  through  the  county.  The  principal  towns 
are  Maryborough,  Mountmellick,  and  Mountrath.  It  sends 
two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Qiiccns'ferry,  South,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland,  co. 
of  Linlithgow,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  Firth  of  Forth,  9  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Edinburgh.  Pop.  945.  North  Queensfekhy 
is  on  the  Firth  of  Forth,  opposite  the  above,  in  the  oo.  of 
Fife.     Pop.  342. 

Queen's  Foreland,  for'l^nd,  an  island  of  British 
North  America.     Lat.  62°  30'  N.;  Ion.  65°  W. 

Queen's  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Clinton  co.,  lU. 

Queens'land,  a  British  colony  of  Australia,  occupying 
all  the  N.E.  of  that  continent.  Lat.  10°  40'  (Cape  York) 
to  28°  8'  S.  (Point  Danger);  Ion.  138°  to  153°  33'  E.  The 
Moreton  Bay  district  was  known  formerly  as  tlie  N,  part 
ef  New  South  Wales,  and  was  a  penal  settlement  till  1842. 
From  that  colony  it  is  now  divided  by  a  line  from  Point 
Danger,  following  for  tlie  most  part  the  parallel  of  29° 
to  141°  Ion.  E.,  then  N.  to  the  26th  parallel,  then  W.  to 
Ion.  138°,  and  then  N.  to  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria.  Area, 
668,497  square  miles,  nearly  six  times  as  large  as  the 
United  Kingdom.  Pop.  in  1891,  393,718.  A  large  pari 
of  the  costst  is  shut  off  from  the  open  sea  by  the  Great 
Barrier  Reef.  The  seaboard  is  2250  miles  in  extent,  and 
well  suited  for  commerce,  having  many  noble  bays,  among 
which  are  Moreton  Bay  (65  miles  long  by  20  miles  wide). 
Wide  Bay,  Ilervey  Bay,  Port  Curtis,  Port  Bowcn,  Shoal 
Water  Bay,  Broad  Sound,  Whitsunday  Passage,  Edgc- 
cumb,  Upstart,  Bowling  Green,  Cleveland,  Halifax,  and 
Rockingham  Bays.  Ranges  of  mountains  run  parallel 
with  the  E.  coast  at  a  distance  of  60  or  70  miles,  and 
give  rise  to  numerous  streams  and  rivers  (many  of  which 
are  navigable),  as  the  Brisbane,  Burnet,  Fitzroy,  Mary, 
Burdekin,  <tc.  The  chief  seaport  towns  are  Brisbane  (the 
capital  and  seat  of  government),  Ipswich,  Maryborough, 
Rockhampton,  Cooktown,  Mackay,  Bowen,  Townsvillc,  and 
Somerset.  Chief  inland  towns,  Toowoomba,  Warwick,  Dalby, 
and  Clermont.  Lines  of  railway  and  telegraph  are  being 
rapidly  constructed.  In  1874  the  number  of  miles  of 
railway  open  was  249;  and  in  1891,  2142  miles.  Steamers 
ply  between  its  several  ports.  The  principal  items  of  ex- 
port are  wool,  tallow,  hides,  sheepskins,  jA-eserved  meats, 
gold  and  copper,  cotton,  rum,  sugar,  and  arrowroot.  The 
climate  is  warm,  and  favorable  to  Europeans.  The  N.  half 
of  the  country  is  in  the  torrid  zone.  The  distinguishing 
feature  in  the  climate  of  Queensland  is  the  absence  of  hot 
■winds  and  the  extreme  dryness  of  the  atmosphere.  Hot 
days  are  invariably  accompanied  by  cool  nights.  In  the 
more  northern  parts  of  the  colony  the  rainfall  is  very  vari- 
able and  droughts  are  extremely  prevalent.  Gold  has  been 
found  in  Peak  Downs,  at  Rockhampton,  Cape  River,  Calli- 
ope, and  Gympie  Creek,  at  which  latter  place  are  quartz 
reefs  of  surpassing  richness.  Copper  is  found  scattered 
over  many  parts  of  the  colony,  and  the  Peak  Downs  mines 
employ  a  large  number  of  miners.  In  consequence  of  the 
distance  of  this  mine  from  the  seaboard,  the  ore  is  smelted, 
and  the  copper  forwarded  in  its  pure  state  in  bars.  Tin, 
manganese,  and  iron  are  also  abundant.  Coal-mines  are 
worked  near  Ipswich  and  Maryborough.  Sugar-cane  has 
been  grown  with  success,  and  is  equal  to  the  best.  The 
mulberry  tree  has  been  successfully  reared,  and  silk  of  good 
quality  obtained.  Queensland  is  famed  for  its  sheep-walks 
«nd  cattle-runs,  many  of  them  of  great  extent.    These  tracts 


are  bold  on  lease  from  the  crown  for  periods  varying  from 
five  to  nineteen  years,  at  rents  varying  from  10  shillings  to 
25  shillings  per  annum  per  square  mile.  Kducatiun  is  well 
attended  to.  The  government  is  vested  in  a  governor  and 
two  houses  of  legislature.  The  legislative  council  is  nomi- 
nated  by  the  crown,  while  the  house  of  assembly  is  cicolivo. 
Religion  is  entirely  supported  by  voluntary  aid.  The  land- 
laws  of  the  colony  are  framed  in  a  g;eut  measure  on  the 
principle  of  the  Homestead  Act  of  the  l.nited  States,  with 
the  additional  privilege  of  deferred  payments. 

Queen's  River,  a  small  stream  of  Washington  co. 
R.I.,  falls  into  Charles  River.  ' 

Qucens'ton,  a  post-village  in  Niagara  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  Niagara  River,  5  miles  N.  of  the  Falls,  ond  on  the 
Canada  Southern  Railway,  8  miles  from  Clifton.  It  Ims 
several  stores  and  hotels.  Queenston  is  associated  in  his- 
tory with  the  battle  on  the  adjacent  heights  in  the  war  of 
1812.  A  monument  to  General  Brock,  185  feet  high,  bus 
been  erected  on  Queenston  Heights.     Pop.  350. 

Queens'towu,  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  ID 
miles  E,S.E.  of  Cork,  on  the  S.  side  of  Great  Island,  in  Cork 
Harbor.  Pop.  9123.  It  occupies  a  steep  slope,  its  houses 
being  disposed  in  successive  terraces.  The  principal  edifices 
are  a  parish  church,  chapel,  national  school,  hospital,  dis- 
pensary, bridewell,  club-house,  and  market-house.  At  the 
E.  end  of  the  town  are  a  pier,  quays,  and  a  station-house 
for  pilots  and  officers  of  the  port  of  Cork.  Quecnstown  is 
protected  by  batteries,  and  opposite  it  are  several  islets, 
with  additional  fortifications,  barracks,  magazines,  4c. 
American  steamers  bound  for  Liverpool  usually  call  at 
Quecnstown.     It  was  formerly  called  the  Cove  of  Cork. 

Queens'town,  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  is  a  station 
on  the  Metropolitan  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Rail- 
road, 3i  miles  N.W.  of  Washington. 

Qneenstown,  a  post-hamlut  of  Queen  Anne  co.,  Md., 
on  Chesapeake  Bay,  about  20  miles  E.  of  Annapolis.  It 
has  3  churches. 

QueenstOAVn,aborough  in  Perry  township,  Armstrong 
CO.,  Pa.,  1  mile  N.AV.  of  Brady's  Bend.  It  contains  a  fiour- 
ing-mill,  several  stores,  and  a  church.     Pop.  201. 

Queens'villc,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jennings  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Jeffersonville,  Madison  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  23 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Madison.     Pop.  about  100. 

Queensville,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  9) 
miles  from  Newmarket.  It  has  5  stores,  and  saw-  and  grist- 
mills.    Pop.  300. 

Queicli,  kwiK,  a  river  of  Rhenish  Bavaria,  after  an  E. 
course  of  30  miles  joins  the  Rhine  near  Germersheim. 

Quci-Choo,  or  Quei-Tcliou,  China.  See  Koki-Choo. 

Quci-Ling,  or  Quei-Lin,  China.    Sec  Kwi:i-Lix, 

Queimada  (ki-c-m&'di)  Islands,  two  islets  of  Bra- 
zil, province  of  Sao  Paulo,  off  the  coast,  40  miles  S.W.  of 
Santos.     Lat.  24°  28'  S. 

Queiss,  kwice,  a  river  of  Prussian  Silesia,  government 
of  Liegnitz,  after  a  N.  course  of  65  miles  joins  the  Bober  6 
miles  W.  of  Sprottau.     It  passes  Greifenberg  and  Lauban. 

Quel,  ki\,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  28  miles  S.E. 
of  Logrono.     Pop.  1727. 

Quelaines,  ki'lin',  a  village  of  France,  in  Mayenne, 
8  miles  N.W.  of  Chateau-Gontier.     Pop.  2028. 

Quelpaert,  kwfil'part'  (?),  an  island  at  the  entrance  of 
the  Yellow  Sea,  60  miles  S.  of  Corea.  Lat  33°  29'  N. ;  Ion. 
126°  63'  E.  Length,  45  miles;  breadth,  12  miles.  The 
island  is  subordinate  to  Corea,  and  is  a  |>enal  settlement. 

Queluz,  ki-loos',  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Minas- 
Geraes,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ouro  Preto. 

Quemada,  k&-m4'd&,  a  ruined  city  of  Mexico,  state  of 
Zacatecas,  with  massive  remains,  covering  about  6  acres. 

Quera^aho'ning,  township,  Somerset  co..  Pa.  P.  1213. 

Quemahoning  Creek,  of  Somerset  co.,  Pa.,  flows 
into  Stony  Creek. 

Quem6neven,  ki'mi'n§h-v4s»',  a  village  of  France,  8 
miles  N.  of  Quimper.     Pop.  1453. 

Quemines,  kA'mecn',  an  islet  off  the  N.W.  coast  of 
France,  in  Finistcre,  17  miles  W.  of  Brest. 

Quend,  k6N»,  a  village  of  France,  in  Somme,  17  miles 
N.N.W,  of  Abbeville.     Pop,  1848. 

Qucnemo,  ken-ee'mo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Osage  co.,  Kan- 
sas, on  the  Osage  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Salt  Creek,  30  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Lawrence.     It  has  2  churches  and  3  stores. 

Queniutt  Lake,  Washington.    See  Quinaiutt  Lake. 

Quenu,  ki-noo',  an  island  on  the  S.  coast  of  Chili,  and 
N.E.  of  the  island  of  Chiloe.     Lat.  41°  46'  S. 

Que'pec,  a  station  in  Madison  parish.  La.,  on  the  Vicks- 
burg  &  Shreveport  Railroad,  25  miles  W.  of  Vicksburg. 

Queponco,  Worcester  co.,  Md.    See  Newark. 

Quequay,  k4-kwi',  a  river  of  Uruguay,  after  a  W. 


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2239 


QUI 


course  of  100  miles  joins  the  Uruguay  River  26  miles  N.  of 
I  Concepcion  de  la  China.     Principal  affluent,  the  Quebracho. 
Querasco,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Chebasco. 
Querbach)  kwSB'bdK,  a  village   of  Prussian  Silesia, 
government  and  35  miles  S.W.  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  1240, 

Quer'cus  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Switzerland  cc, 
Ind.,  17  miles  S.  of  Aurora.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 

Quercy,  kaiiOsee',  an  old  district  of  France,  comprised 
in  Guienne.  Its  capital  was  Cahors.  It  forms  most  of  the 
department  of  Lot  and  a  portion  of  Tarn-et-Garonne. 

Queretaro,  ki-r4't4-ro,  a  state  of  Mexico,  enclosed  by 
the  states  of  Mexico,  Michoacan,  Guanajuato,  San  Luis 
Potosi,  and  Hidalgo.  Area,  3205  square  miles.  It  is 
wholly  on  the  Anahuac  table-land.  Its  products  are  maize 
and  cotton,  with  grain  and  fruits,  and  it  has  mines  of  silver, 
copper,  lead,  and  iron,  with  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth, 
soap,  pottery,  and  iron-wares.  Chief  towns,  Queretaro  and 
Cadcreita.     Pop.  (1882)  203,250. 

Queretaro,  the  capital  of  the  above  state,  is  in  a  fine 
valley,  110  miles  f^.W.  of  Mexico.  Lat.  20°  36'  N.;  Ion. 
100°  10'  W.  It  is  well  built,  and  is  supplied  with  water  by 
a  fine  aqueduct  10  miles  in  length.  'Phe  principal  build- 
ings are  mostly  of  a  religious  character,  and  comprise  a 
largo  convent  and  a  Franciscan  monastery  with  extensive 
gardens.  Queretaro  possesses  numerous  factories  of  coarse 
woollens  for  army  clothing,  &c.  The  peace  between  Mexico 
and  the  United  States  was  ratified  hero  by  the  Mexican 
Congress  in  1848,  and  here  Maximilian  was  shot,  June  19, 
1867.     Pop.  47,570. 

Qiierfiirt,  kwdu'fooat,  or  Quernfnrt,  kwdnn'fooRt, 
a  walled  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  18  miles  W.  of  Merse- 
biirg,  on  the  Quern,  an  affluent  of  the  Saale.     Pop.  4412. 

Querieiix,  a  river  of  France.     See  Hallue. 

Querimba  (k^-reem'bS.)  Islands,  a  chain  of  islands 
extending  along  the  E.  coast  of  Africa,  between  lat.  10°  30' 
and  11°  30'  S.,  near  Ion.  40°  30'  E.,  comprised  in  the  Por- 
tuguese territory  of  Mozambique.  They  are  formed  of 
coral,  the  principal  being  Aswatada,  Ibo,  Matemmo,  Favno, 
and  Querimba. 

Qucro,  kwA'ro,  a  village  of  Italy,  on  the  Piave,  7  miles 
S.  ofFeltrc.     Pop.  2114. 

Quero,  ki'ro,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  47  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  1621. 

Querqueville,  kfiukVoel',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Manche,  on  its  N.  coast,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Cherbourg.  P.  917. 

Que'ry's,  a  post-office  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Carolina  Central  Railroad,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Charlotte. 

Quesada,  ki-si'Di,  a  town  of  Spain,  on  the  Sierra  de 
Cazoria,  40  miles  E.  of  Jaen.     Pop.  4127. 

Qiiesaltenango,  America.    See  Quezaltenango. 

Quesaltepeqiie,  ki-sil-ti-pi'ki,  a  town  of  Central 
America,  state  and  83  miles  E.N.E.  of  Guatemala. 

Quesnoy,  Le,  a^own  of  France.    See  Le  Quesxoy. 

Quesnoy-sur-Deulc,  kJs'nwi'  sUb  dul,  a  town  of 
France,  Nord,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Lille,  on  the  Deule.  Pop. 
2269.    It  has  a  communal  college,  distilleries,  flour-mills,  &e. 

Quessoy,  kSs^swi',  a  village  of  France,  in  COtes-du- 
Nord,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Saint-Brieuc. 

Questembert,  kJsHoJi'baiB',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Morbihan,  13  miles  E.S.E.  of  Vannes.     Pop.  1328. 

Quetta,  a  town  of  Beloochistan.    See  Shawl. 

Quettehou,  kSt^hoo'  or  kfitH§h-hoo',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Slanche,  near  the  Channel,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Valognes. 

Quevaucamps,  kiH-o^kfts"',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
Hainaut,  12  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Mons.     Pop.  1700. 

Qiieven,  keh^v6xo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Morbihan, 
4  miles  N.W.  of  Lorient.     Pop.  2651. 

Quevilly,  Grand,  gr6N<»  k§h-vee'yee',  a  village  of 
France,  in  Seine-Inf6rieuro,  near  Rouen.  Pop.  1548.  See 
also  Le  Petit  Quevilly. 

QuewhifHe,  kwee'whif-fl,  a  township  of  Cumberland 
CO.,  N.C.     Pop.  954. 

Queyrac,  ki'rik',  a  village  of  France,  in  Gironde,  4 
miles  N.  of  Lesparre.     Pop.  1928. 

Quczaltenango,  or  Quesaltenango,  ki-sil-t^- 
nin'go,  a  city  of  Central  America,  state  and  115  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Guatemala.  Pop.  25,000,  who  manufacture 
cotton  and  woollen  fabrics  .and  carry  on  an  active  trade.  It 
is  handsomely  built  and  well  paved,  and  has  a  richly  dec- 
orated cathedral,  several  other  churches,  and  a  noble  city 
hall.  In  its  vicinity  are  numerous  interesting  antiquities 
and  remarkable  volcanic  appearances. 

Quiabon,  ke-l-bOn',  commonly  called  Chabon,  chU- 
b3n',  a  village  of  Santo  Domingo,  at  the  E.  end  of  the 
island  of  Ilayti,  90  miles  E.  by  N.  of  the  city  of  Santo  Do- 
mingo. It  is  a  small  place,  at  the  mouth  of  a  stream  of  the 
ivne  name  which  is  oartially  navigable. 


Quia  (kee'i)  Country,  a  territory  of  West  Africa, 
immediately  E.  of  Sierra  Leone,  between  the  Rokelle  and. 
Casamanza  Rivers,  and  comprising  about  1300  square  miles 
of  rich  alluvial  land. 

Quib'by  Creek,  of  Sumter  co.,  Ala.,  flows  into  the 
Tombigbee  River  from  the  right, 

Quibdo,  a  town  of  America.    See  Citaba. 

Quiberon,  kee^b^h-riN"'  or  kee^briN"',  a  peninsula  of  . 
France,  in  Brittany,  department  of  Morbihan,  S.S.E.  of 
Lorient,  and  N.N.E.  of  Belleisle.     Lat.  47°  26'  N. ;  Ion.  2° 
4'  W.     It  is  7  miles  in  length,  and  united  to  the  continent 
by  a  low  isthmus,  defended  by  Fort  Penthifivre.    The  town  ■ 
of  Quiberon,  at  its  S.  end,  has  a  small  port.     Pop.  720. 

Quibo,  kee'bo,  improperly  written  Quibdo,  an  island  i 
of  the  United  States  of  Colombia,  in  the  Pacific,  at  the  en- 
trance of  Montijo  Bay.     Lat.  7°  25'  N.;  Ion.  81°  64'  \Y. 
Length  and  breadth,  20  miles  each. 

Quibor,  keeVor',  a  town  of  Venezuela,  state  and  40 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Barquesimeto.     Pop.  7727. 

Qui9am&o,  kee-f3,-mowN°',  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Rio  de  Janeiro,  21  miles  S.  of  Campos.     Pop.  2500. 

Quicara,  ke-k3.'r4,  or  Hicaron,  ee-ki-ron',  a  group 
of  small  islands  of  the  republic  of  Colombia,  in  the  North 
Pacific,  S.  of  Quibo,  and  near  the  W.  entrance  of  Montijo 
Bay.     Lat.  7°  10'  50"  N.;  Ion.  81°  46'  18"  W. 

Quicatlan,  ke-k&t-l&n',  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  and 
44  miles  N.  of  Oajaca. 

Quiche,  keo'chi,  a  town  of  Central  America,  state  and 
25  miles  N.AV.  of  Guatemala.     Pop.  2500. 

Quick  Sand  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Breathitt  co.,  Ky. 

Quicks'burg,  a  post-office  of  Shenandoah  co.,  Va. 

Quick'silvcr,  a  post-office  of  Yolo  co.,  Cal. 

Quid'nick,  a  village  of  Kent  co.,  R.I.,  in  Coventry 
township,  on  the  New  York  &  New  England  Railroad.  12 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Providence.  It  has  a  cotton-mill.  Pop.  • 
750. 

Quicppe,  ke-Sp'pi,  an  island  and  fort  of  Brazil,  state 
and  70  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bahia,  at  the  entrance  of  Camama 
Bay. 

Quierzy,  ke-aiR^zee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Aisne,  on 
the  Oise,  20  miles  W.  of  Laon.  It  was  formerly  an  im- 
portant city,  and  had  a  palace  of  the  Carlovingian  kings. 

Qui'et  Dell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  W.  Va.,  5 
miles  S.  of  Clarksburg.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  tannery. 

Quievrain,  ke-iVriN"',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut, 
on  the  French  frontier,  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Mens,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Belgian  and  French  Railways.     Pop.  2804. 

Quicvy,  ke-iVee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  11 
miles  E.  of  Cambrai,  with  breweries  and  manufactories  of 
linen  and  cotton  goods.     Pop.  3467. 

Qui-Foo,  a  town  of  Cochin  China.     See  Phu-Ye.v. 

Quilabamba,  a  river  of  Peru.    See  Vilcabamba. 

Quiliano,  kwe-le-i'no,  or  Quigliano,  kwccl-yi'no, 
a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Genoa,  near  Savona.  Pop. 
of  commune,  3694. 

Quilimane,  ke-le-mS,'ni,  or  Quillimane,  a  town 
of  East  Africa,  capital  of  a  government  of  the  Portuguese 
colony  of  Mozambique,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Quillimane 
River,  the  North  Branch  of  the  Zambezi,  15  miles  from  its 
mouth,  and  12  miles  from  the  sea.  Lat.  17°  51'  S. ;  Ion. 
37°  1'  E.  It  is  very  unhealthy.  The  principal  edifices  . 
are  the  fort,  a  church,  and  some  brick  houses.  It  has  a 
trade  in  gold,  ivory,  ground-nuts,  sesame,  and  wax. 

Qui-Iiin,  a  city  of  China.    See  Kwei-Lin. 

Quilian,  kee^ydu"'  or  keerydN"',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Aude,  13  miles  S.  of  Limoux.     Pop.  2286. 

Quillebccuf,  keerbuf,  a  town  of  France,  in  Eure,  on 
the  left  b.ank  of  the  Seine,  .at  the  commencement  of  its  es- 
tuary, with  a  light-house,  7  miles  N.  of  Pont-Audemer. 
Pop.  1441.     Here  are  a  pilot-station  and  a  salvage-depot. 

Quillota,  keel-yo'ta,  a  town  of  Chili,  province  of  Val- 
paraiso, 50  miles  N.W.  of  Santiago,  on  the  Aconcagua,  20 
miles  from  the  Pacific.  The  houses  are  of  sun-dried  brick, 
only  one  story  in  height.     Pop.  11,369. 

Quiloa,  kee'lo-i,  or  Keel'wa,  written  also  Kilwah, 
a  town  of  East  Africa,  on  an  island  oS'  the  coast,  6  miles 
in  length,  and  between  which  and  the  mainland  is  a  secure 
harbor.  Lat.  8°  57'  S.  The  fort,  which  is  strong  and  en- 
closed by  a  moat,  is  the  residence  of  the  governor  under  the 
Sultan  of  Zanzibar. 

Quilon,  kwee'lon',  or  Coulan,  kooMan',  a  seaport 
town  of  India,  in  Travancore,  on  the  Malabar  coast,  37 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Trivandrum,  with  an  active  export  trade 
in  pepper,  cotton,  cardamoms,  &c.  It  has  several  churches, 
and  an  ancient  temple  of  Sceva. 

Quim'by,  a  hamlet  and  station  of  Barry  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Hastings 


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2240 


QUI 


Qnimper,  kiu^pain',  or  Quimper  Corcntin,  k&M'- 
palR'  ko*ro.>c»MA»«',  a  town  of  Fnincc,  capital  of  the  ilepart- 
luent  of  Fintst6ro,  on  the  Odet,  10  miles  from  tho  Atlnntic, 
and  36  uiilo«  S.S.E.  nf  Brcvt.  Pop.  13,870.  It  is  divided 
into  an  old  and  a  neir  town :  the  former,  on  tho  river-aide, 
is  fortified,  and  has  quays  flanked  hy  ancient  houses.  Tho 
publio  buildings  are  a  town  hall,  hoitpital,  and  barracks.  It 
DOS  a  communal  oullogo,  a  seminary,  ]>ublic  library  uf  25,000 
Tolumes,  theatre,  and  baths.  Chief  industries,  manufactures 
of  leather,  crockery,  cordage,  and  flour,  ship-building,  and 
a  trade  in  wheat,  wax,  linen  and  hempen  fabrics,  butter, 
horses,  and  pilchards,  of  which  last  it  has  a  fishery. 

Quinipcrld,  kAu'pfiiiMi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Finis- 
tdre,  at  tlio  confluence  of  the  EII6  and  Isolo,  34  miles  by 
rail  E.S.E.  of  Quimper.     Pop.  4080. 

Quinaiott,  kwe'ni-ut'  (or  Qae^niutt'),  Lake, 
■Washington,  is  in  Jefi"er8on  co.,  about  12  miles  S.W.  of 
Mount  Olympus.  It  is  nearly  10  miles  long.  Its  outlet  is 
the  river  of  the  same  name,  which  runs  southwestward  and 
enters  tho  Pacific. 

Qui'nan,  a  post-office  of  Wharton  co.,  Tex. 

Quince,  or  Squince,  a  small  island  off  tho  S.W.  coast 
of  Ireland,  co.  of  Cork,  about  5  furlongs  S.W.  of  the  en- 
trance to  Glandore  Harbor. 

Qiiiiicetto,  kwin-chdt'to,  or  Quincinetto,  kwin- 
chfi-nfit'to,  a  village  of  Italy,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Ivroa. 

Quincy,  k&N»'see',  a  town  of  France,  in  Soino-et- 
Marne,  4  miles  S.  of  Meaux.     Pop.  1711. 

Quin'cy,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Plumns  co.,  Cal.,  in 
Plumas  town!<hip,  about  85  miles  N.N.E.  of  Marysville,  and 
at  an  elevation  of  nearly  3600  feet  above  the  sea-level.  It 
is  surrounded  by  high  mountains,  and  has  a  court-house  and 
a  newspaper  office.     Gold  is  found  here.     Pop.  (1890)  646. 

Quincy,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Gnd$den  co.,  Fla.,  on 
tho  Jacksonville,  Pensacola  <fc  Mobile  Railroad,  24  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Tallahiisseo.  It  contains  2  or  3  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  2  hotels,  and  a  money -order  post-office. 
Cotton  and  tobacco  are  exported  hence.     Pop.  (1890)  681. 

Quincy,  a  beautiful  city,  capital  of  Adams  co..  III.,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  170  miles  above  St.  Louis,  18  miles 
above  Hannibal,  and  104  miles  W.  of  Springfield.  It  is 
situated  on  a  limestone  bluff,  125  feet  above  the  river, 
of  which  it  commands  an  extensive  view.  It  has  a  fine 
court-house  which  cost  $300,000,  32  churches,  2  opera- 
houses,  several  academies,  15  public  halls,  4  handsome 
public  parks,  2  armories,  2  hospitals,  a  national  bank,  and 
6  other  banks.  Four  daily  and  5  weekly  newspapers  and 
2  monthly  periodicals  are  published  here.  Quincy  is  a  ter- 
minus of  6  railroads,  styled  the  Chicago,  Burlington  <fc 
Quincy,  the  Wabash,  the  Quincy,  Missouri  A  Pacific,  the 
Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph,  and  the  Quincy,  Alton  &  St.  Louis. 
The  citizens  of  Quincy  own  2  lines  of  steam-packets.  Two 
steamboats  run  daily  from  this  place  up  the  river,  and  2 
others  run  down  to  St.  Louis.  This  city  has  12  steam 
flouring-mills,  5  carriage-factories,  7  machine-shops,  7 
foundries,  2  steam  saw-mills,  4  planing-mills,  and  exten- 
sive manufactures  of  beer,  cigars,  tobacco,  sash,  blinds, 
stoves,  furniture,  bricks,  steam-engines,  liquor,  ploughs, 
Ac.,  its  capital  in  manufacturing  in  1890  aggregating 
$6,187,845,  and  ite  product  $10,160,492  in  value.  Here  is 
a  tobacco -factory  which  employs  900  hands.  Quincy  has 
a  good  system  of  -water-works,  5  steam  fire-engines,  lines 
of  street  railways,  and  gravelled  streets  extending  into  the 
country.  This  was  in  1890  the  third  city  of  the  state  in 
pbpulation.  A  fine  railroad  bridge  crosses  the  river  here. 
It  is  the  seat  of  a  Protestant  Episcopal  bishop.  Pop.  in 
1870,  24,052;  in  1880,  27,268;  in  1890,  31,494, 

Quincy,  Madison  co.,  Ind.     See  Elwood. 

Quincy,  a  post-village  in  Taylor  township,  Owen  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  A  Chicago  Railroad, 
17  miles  S.S.E.  of  Greencastle.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour- 
ing-mill,  and  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  about  350. 

Quincy,  a  post-village  in  Quincy  township,  Adams  co., 
Iowa,  about  80  miles  W.S.W.  of  Des  Moines,  and  4  or  5 
miles  N.  of  the  Burlington  A  Missouri  River  Railroad.  It 
has  a  bank  and  2  churches.  Coal  is  mined  here.  Pop.  265 ; 
of  the  township  in  1890,  2472. 

Quincy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greenwood  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Verdigris  River,  28  miles  S.8.AV.  of  Burlington. 

Quincy,  a  post-humlet  of  Lewis  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  10  miles  below  Portsmouth,  0.     It  has  2  churches. 

Quincy,  a  handsome  city  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Old  Colony  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Boston,  and  H  miles 
from  the  sea.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  Massachufetts 
Bay.  It  contains  a  number  of  churches,  a  granite  town 
ball,  2  national  banks,  a  savings-bank,  printing-offices 
which  issue  1  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers,  a  high  school, 


a  public  library,  and  tho  well-endowed  Adams  Academy, 
founded  in  1872;  nl«o  quarries  of  the  celebrati'd  Quiney 
granite,  which  is  exported  to  nearly  all  parts  of  the  Union. 
Quincy  was  thebirthnlaoeof  John  Hancock,  of  John  Adams, 
second  president  of  tlie  United  States,  and  of  his  son,  John 
Quincy  Adams.     Pop.  in  1880,  10,570;  in  1890,  16,723. 

Qumcy,  a  post-village  in  Quincy  township,  Branch  oo., 
Mich.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan  Southern  Railroad, 
6  miles  E.  of  Coldwater,  and  37  miles  S.W.  of  Jackson.  It 
has  a  graded  school,  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank- 
ing-house, 2  saw-mills,  and  manufactures  of  staves,  head- 
ing, sash,  doors,  Ac.     I'op.  1092  ;  of  the  township,  2497. 

Quincy,  a  township  of  Houghton  co.,  Mich.  Pop, 
1282.     It  has  a  copper-mine. 

Quincy,  a  post- hamlet  in  Quincy  township,  Olmsto<l 
CO.,  Minn.,  25  miles  W.  of  Winona.     Pop.  of  township,  7.|1. 

Quincy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Miss.,  14  milei 
N.E.  of  Aberdeen.     It  has  a  church. 

Quincy,  a  post-hamlct  of  Hickory  co..  Mo.,  about  54 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Sedalia.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  80. 

Quincy,  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.     See  Riit.kt. 

Quincy,  or  Kidd's  Mines,  a  village  of  Belmont  co., 
0.,  on  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  4i  miles  W.  of  Bel- 
laire,  at  the  junction  of  the  Bcllaire  A  St.  Clairsvillo  Rail- 
road. It  has  a  church  and  a  small  woollen-mill,  and  coal- 
mining is  the  principal  pursuit. 

Quincy,  a  post-village  in  Miami  township,  Logan  co., 
0.,  on  tho  Miami  Rivar,  and  on  therailro.ad  which  coiinecti 
Bellcfontaine  with  Sidney,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Piqua,  and  I 
mile  W.  of  De  Graff.  It  has  a  church  and  a  union  school. 
Pop.  in  1890,  488. 

Quincy,  a  post-village  in  Quincy  township,  Franklin 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  50  miles  S.W.  of  Harrisburg,  and  12  milei 
S.S.E.  of  Chambersburg.  Pop.  300.  The  township  containj 
a  village  named  Funkstown,  and  a  pop.  of  3127. 

Quincy,  a  post-hamlet  in  Quincy  township,  Adams  co., 
Wis.,  on  the  h.  bank  of  the  Wisconsin  River,  about  34 
miles  N.W.  of  Portage  City.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of 
the  townskip,  244. 

Quincy  Adams,  a  station  in  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  on 
the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Boston. 

Quincy  Junction,  Pike  co..  111.    See  Pike. 

Quincy  Point,  a  post-village  in  Quincy  township, 
Norfolk  CO.,  Mass.,  on  Massiichusctts  Bay,  10  miles  S.  by 
E.  of  Boston,  and  2  miles  E.  of  Quincy.  It  has  a  good 
harbor. 

Quindaro,  kwin-da'ro,  a  post-village  in  Quindaro 
township,  Wyandotte  CO.,  Kansas,  on  tho  Missouri  River, 
and  on  a  railroad,  6  miles  above  Kansas  City,  and  20  miles 
by  land  S.E.  of  Leavenworth.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1970. 

Quindici,  kwin'de-che,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Caserta,  7  miles  E.  of  Nola,  in  a  valley.     Pop.  3019. 

Quindiu,  kcen-de-oo',  a  portion  of  the  Last  Cordillera 
of  the  Andes,  in  the  United  States  of  Colombia,  separating 
the  basins  of  the  Magdalena  and  Cauca  Rivers,  about  100 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Bogota.  Near  here  is  the  dangerous  Pass 
of  Quindiu,  between  Cartago  and  Ibague.  Elevation  of 
its  summit,  11,500  feet. 

Quin^cbaug',  or  Quin'ncbaug',  a  post-hamlet  in 
Thompson  township,  Windham  co..  Conn.,  on  the  Quine- 
baug  River,  and  on  the  New  York  A  New  England  Rail- 
road, 64  miles  W.S.W.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  manufactory 
of  gunny-cloth. 

Quinebaug  River  rises  near  the  southern  boundary 
of  Massachusetts,  and  drains  part  of  Worcester  co.  of  that 
state,  from  which  it  passes  into  Windham  co.,  Conn.  It 
runs  southward  through  that  county,  and  unites  with  the 
Shetucket  River  about  3  miles  above  Norwich.  It  is  nearly 
90  miles  long. 

Quin'epiac',  Quin^nepiac',  or  QuinMpiac',  a 
river  of  Connecticut,  rises  in  Hartford  co.,  runs  southward 
through  New  Haven  co.,  and  enters  Long  Island  Sound  about 
1  mile  S.E.  of  the  city  of  New  Haven.     Length,  35  miles. 

Quingentole,  kwin-j6n'to-l4,  a  village  of  Italy,  6 
miles  W.  of  Revere.     Pop.  2702. 

Quingcy,  ka,N"^zhi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Doubs,  on 
the  Loue,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Besanjon.     Pop.  1210. 

Quinhon,  keen'hSn'  (?),  a  town  and  harbor  of  the 
kingdom  of  Annam  ;  the  town,  capital  of  a  province,  on  a 
river  entering  the  harbor  about  10  miles  farther  B.  Lat. 
13°  44'  N.;  Ion.  109°  11'  E. 

Quiniluban  (kee-ne-loo-bin')  Islands,  a  group  of 
the  Philippines,  Malay  Archipelago,  between  Panay  and 
Palawan.     Lat.  11°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  120°  47'  E. 

Quinn,  a  post-office  of  Columbia  oo.,  Oregon,  on  the 


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2241 


QUO 


Columbia  River,  2i  miles  from  Kalama.  Here  is  a  salmon- 
cannery. 

Quiiinebaug,  Connecticut.    See  Quixebaug. 

Quin^nesec',  a  post-ofJico  of  Menominee  co.,  Mich. 

Quin'iieV)  a  post-office  of  Calumet  co.,  Wis. 

Quin'nimont,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Chesapeake  &  Oliio  Railroad,  and  on  or  near  the 
Kanawha  River,  74  miles  by  railroad,  or  about  40  miles 
direct,  S.E.  of  Charleston.  It  has  a  churob,  a  money-order 
post-office,  and  an  iron-blast-furnace. 

Quinsem'bo,  or  Quisscin'bo,  a  town  of  Africa,  on 
the  coast  of  Congo,  at  the  mouth  of  Quinsembo  River,  30 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Ambriz.     It  has  a  trade  in  ivory. 

Quinsig'amond  Lake,  a  fine  lake  of  Worcester  co., 
Mass.,  .3  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Worcester.  It  is  4  miles 
long,  and  discharges  its  waters  by  Quinsigamond  River, 
a  tributivry  of  the  JBlackstone. 

Quintana,  keen-ti'nd,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
45  miles  E.S.E.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  3S22. 

Qiiintana,  keen-ti'ni,  a  village  of  Brazoria  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Brazos  River, 
45  miles  S.W.  of  Galveston,  and  about  1  mile  from  Velasco 
Post-Office.     It  has  a  church  and  a  shin-yard. 

Quintanar  de  la  Ordcn,  kcen-ta-nan'  dk  ]&,  on'dSn, 
a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Toledo,  17  miles  W.  of  Bel- 
monte.  Pop.  6838,  who  manufacture  blankets  and  other 
woollen  goods. 

Quiutanar  del  Rey,  keen-ti-naa'  dil  ri,  a  town  of 
Spain,  50  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cuenca.     Pop.  1943. 

Qiiiiitanilla  de  la  Somoza,  kccn-t3,-neeryil  dk  li 
80-mo'th3,,  a  town  of  Spain,  13  miles  W.  of  Leon. 

Quiiiten,  kv/in't§n,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
St.  Gall,  on  the  N.  bank  of  Lake  Wallenstadt,  at  the  foot 
of  a  steep  mountain,  about  10  miles  S.E.  of  Zurich. 

Quintin,  kdxoHdN"',  a  town  of  France,  in  C&tes-du- 
Nord,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Saint-Brieuc.  Pop.  3218.  It  has  a 
large  castle,  mineral  springs,  and  manufactures  of  linens, 
cambrics,  and  paper. 

Quinto,  kwin'to,  a  village  of  Italy,  4  miles  N.E.  of 
Verona.     Pop.  1900. 

Quinto,  keen'to,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  27  miles 
S.E.  of  Saragossa,  on  the  Ebro.     Pop.  2517. 

Quiiito,  kwin'to,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  in  Ticino,  22 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Bellinzona.     Pop.  1331. 

Quinto,  keen'to,  a  river  of  the  Argentine  Republic, 
after  a  S.E.  course  of  250  miles  loses  itself  in  a  marsh  near 
lat.  34°  S.,  Ion.  63°  W. 

Quinto-al-Mere,  kwin'to-il-mi'ri,  a  village  of 
Italy,  near  the  sea,  5  miles  by  rail  E,S.E.  of  Genoa.  Pop. 
1713. 

Quin'ton,  a  post-village  of  Salem  co.,  N.J.,  on  Allo- 
ways  Creek,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Salem.  It  contains  a  church, 
a  manufactory  of  window-glass,  and  several  stores.  Pop. 
about  250. 

Quinzano,  kwin-zJl'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  19  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Brescia.     Pop.  3200. 

Quio,  Quebec.    See  Onslow. 

Quiogue,kwi-og',  a  hamlet  of  Southampton  township, 
Suffolk  CO.,  N.Y.,  2  miles  E.  of  Westhampton.  It  has  a 
church. 

Quiotepec,  ke-o-td-p5k',  or  Cerro  de  las  Juntas, 
sJa'no  di  lis  Hoon'tds,  a  village  of  Mexico,  state  and  about 
90  miles  N.  of  Oajaca,  near  the  junction  of  the  Quiotepec 
and  Salado  Rivers. 

Qui-Parle,  a  lake  of  Minnesota.    See  Lac  Qui  Pakle. 

Qui-Phu,  or  Qui-Foo.     See  Phu-Yek. 

Quirigua,  ke-ree'gwi,  a  ruined  city  of  Guatemala,  on 
the  Motagua.     Near  it  is  a  small  hamlet  of  the  same  name. 

Quirihu6,  ke-ree-Hwi',  a  town  of  Chili,  province  of 
Maulo,  50  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Constitucion.     Pop.  2164. 

Quirimba  Islands.    See  Queuimba. 

Quiriquina,  ke-re-kee'ni,  an  island  of  Chili,  10  miles 
N.  of  Concepcion,  at  the  entrance  of  its  bay. 

Quiros  Islands.    See  New  Hebrides. 

Quirpon,  keeu^poxo'  (?),  an  island  oflf  the  N.  extremity 
of  Newfoundland,  British  North  America,  at  the  entrance 
of  the  Strait  of  Belle  Isle,  in  lat.  51°  40'  N.,  Ion.  65°  16' 
W.  On  it  is  a  small  seaport  town  of  the  same  name,  with 
a  church  and  a  seal-fishery. 

Quisama,  a  district  of  Africa.    See  Quizama. 

Quisanga,  or  Quissanga,  kees-sin'gd,  a  Portu- 
guese town  of  Mozambique,  on  the  coast,  a  few  miles  S.AV. 
of  Ibo. 

Quisiguina,  Nicaragua.    See  Conseguina. 

Quissac,  kees'slk',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gard,  on  the 
Vidourle,  19  miles  W.N.W.  of  Nlmes.     Pop.  1556. 

Quissembo,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Quinsembo. 


Quistello,  kwis-tJl'Io,  a  village  of  Italy,  14  miles  S.E. 
of  Mantua. 

Quistinic,  keesHe^neek',  a  village  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Morbihan,  on  the  Blavet,  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lo- 
rient,  with  some  Roman  remains.    Pop.  of  commune,  2403. 

Quiteve,  ke-ti'v4,  a  town  of  Africa,  on  the  Sofala, 
above  the  town  of  that  name.     Lat.  20°  S. ;  Ion.  32°  30'  E. 

Quit'man,  a  county  of  Georgia,  bordering  on  Alabama, 
has  an  area  of  about  168  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  the  Chattahoochee  River,  and  is  partly  drained 
by  Pataula  Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton 
and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  the  Southwestern  Railroad.  Capital,  George- 
town.    Pop.  in  1870,  4150;  in  1880,  4392;  in  1890,  4471. 

Quitman,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Mississippi, 
has  an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Coldwater  River  and  its  affluents.  The  surface  is 
undulating  or  nearly  level.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are 
the  staple  products.  Capital,  Belen.  Pop.  in  1880,  1407; 
in  1890,  3286. 

Quitman,  a  post-hamlet  of  "Van  Buren  co..  Ark.,  about 
48  miles  N.  of  Little  Rock.  It  contains  a  church,  and  an 
institution  called  Quitman  College. 

Quitman,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Brooks  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Ocopilco  River,  and  on  the  Atlantic  &  Gulf  Railroad,  26 
miles  E.  of  Thomasville,  and  174  miles  W.S.W.  of  Savan- 
nah. It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  an  academy,  and  a 
churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  1868. 

Quitman,  a  post-village  of  Clarke  co..  Miss.,  on  the 
Chickasawha  River,  and  on  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  26 
miles  S.  of  Meridian.     It  has  2  churches. 

Quitman,  a  post-village  of  Nodaway  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Nodaway  River,  12  miles  W.  of  Maryville,  and  about  43 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  St.  Joseph.  It  has  a  church,  and  manu- 
factures of  flour,  lumber,  and  woollen  goods. 

Quitman,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wood  co.,  Tex., 
about  65  miles  W.  of  Jefferson,  and  10  miles  from  Mineola. 
It  has  a  newspaper  office  and  2  churches.     Pop.  320. 

Quito,  kee'to,  the  capital  city  of  the  republic  of  Ecua- 
dor, South  America,  in  a  ravine,  E.  of  the  volcano  of  Pi- 
chinoha,  150  miles  N.N.E.  of  Guayaquil.  Elevation,  9543 
feet.  Lat.  0°  13'  27"  S. ;  Ion.  78°  50'  W.  Pop.  variously 
estimated  at  from  50,000  to  80,000.  It  has  several  hand- 
some squares,  in  one  of  which  are  the  cathedral,  town  hall, 
palaces  of  the  archbishop  and  president  of  the  republic, 
and  a  fine  bronze  fountain.  The  other  principal  structures 
are  the  churches  and  convents,  the  University  of  Quito, 
workhouse,  orphan  asylum,  and  large  hospital.  Quito  has 
manufactures  of  coarse  cotton  and  woollen  goods,  lace,  jew- 
elry, and  confectionery,  and  a  large  trade  in  agricultural 
produce,  which  is  e.xchanged  for  indigo,  iron  and  steel, 
brandy,  wine,  oil,  and  the  precious  metals.  The  imports 
comprise  all  kinds  of  European  manufivctured  goods,  and 
those  of  the  finest  quality  find  a  ready  sale.  The  markets 
are  well  supplied  with  provisions,  and  large  quantities  of 
cheese  are  made  in  the  vicinity.  Eleven  snow-capped 
mountains  are  in  view  from  Quito,  and  about  10  miles  N.E. 
is  a  plain  chosen  in  1736  by  the  French  and  Spanish  as- 
tronomers for  measuring  a  degree  of  the  meridian.  Quito 
was  taken  by  the  Spaniards  in  1534,  and  incorporated  as  a 
city  by  Charles  V.  in  1541,  It  has  repeatedly  suffered  from 
earthquakes. 

Quito,  kee'to,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas,  about 
36  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Wichita. 

Quitta,  Keta,  kee'ti,  or  Prince's  Town,  formerly 
a  Danish,  now  a  British  fort  and  town  in  North  Guinea,  on 
the  sea,  near  the  E.  point  of  the  Gold  Coast.  Lat.  6°  65' 
6"  N. ;  Ion.  0°  69'  45"  E.     Pop.  5000. 

Quiv'er,  a  township  of  Mason  co..  111.     Pop.  893. 

Quizama,  or  Quisama,  ke-zi'mi,  a  district  of  Lower 
Guinea,  Southwest  Africa,  between  the  rivers  Coanza  and 
Longa.  The  surface  is  mountainous.  Its  products  are  wax, 
honey,  and  salt. 

Quogue,  kw(5g  or  kwog,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  ocean,  and  near  Shinnecock  Bay,  1  mile  from 
the  Long  Island  Railroad,  and  about  7  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Riverhead.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  137.  Quogue  Station 
is  78  miles  from  New  York,  and  3  miles  from  Quogue. 

Quoin,  kwoin.  Great  and  Little,  islets  in  the  entrance 
of  the  Persian  Gulf,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Ca])e  Mussendom. 

Quoin,  the  name  of  islands  off  the  N.E.  coast  of  Aus- 
tralia and  the  E.  coast  of  Tasmania. 

Quonochontaug,orQuonocontaug,kw(Wo-kon- 
tawg',  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  R.I.,  near  the  ocean, 
about  10  miles  E.  of  Stonington,  Conn.     Here  is  a  church. 

Quorra,  a  river  of  Africa.    See  Niger. 


RAA 


22 12 


SAO 


R. 


Raab,  rftb  or  r?jp  (Hun.  OySr,  dyBr;  ano.  Aralof),  a 
navigable  river  of  Hungary,  rises  In  Styria,  and  enters  the 
Danube  near  Raab.     liongth,  180  miles, 

Rnnb,  or  Nagy-Gyttr,  nodj-dyor  (ano.  Arnbona  f),  a 
town  of  Hungary,  capital  of  a  county,  at  a  railway  junc- 
tion, 67  miles  W.N.W.  of  Buda,  on  the  Raab,  at  its  con- 
fluence with  an  arm  of  the  Danube.  Lat.  47°  41'  N. ;  Ion. 
17°  40'  B.  Pop.  20,035.  It  has  a  cathedral  and  several 
other  churches,  a  royal  academy,  and  a  gymnasium ;  also 
manufactures  of  tobacco,  and  an  extensive  trade. 

Rnaltc,  n\rt?h,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Overys- 
scl,  11  miles  S.S.E.  of  Zwolle.     Pop.  5594. 

Raamsdonk,  rAms'donk,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  North  Brabant,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Breda.     Pop.  3946. 

Rnasay  Island,  Hebrides.    See  Kasay  Islanr. 

Raat,  r4t,  or  Raut,  rawt,  a  town  of  India,  Ilumeer- 
poor  district,  40  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Kalpce.  Pop.  17,690. 
It  is  a  prosperous  place,  though  very  unhealthy. 

Rnbagh,  El,  i\  r&'b&g',  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  Hejaz, 
110  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mecca,  near  the  Red  Sea. 

Rabastcns,  ri*blsH6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Hautes- 
Pyr6n6es.  12  miles  N.E.  of  Tarbes.     Pop.  1325. 

Rabastens,  a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn,  23  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Alby,  on  the  Tarn.  Pop.  3103.  It  has  munufactures 
of  wine,  hats,  hemp,  and  farina. 

Rabatt,  or  Rabat,  rl'bit',  a  town  of  Morocco,  on  the 
S.  side  of  the  Boo-Regreb,  at  its  mouth,  immediately  oppo- 
site Sale,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mchediah.  Pop.  27,000,  of 
whom  7000  are  Jews.  It  has  pretty  strong  walls  and  bat- 
teries, a  citadel  and  great  barracks,  numerous  mosques  and 
minarets,  stone  mausoleums,  and  well-supplied  markets. 
It  has  manufactures  of  pottery  and  carpets,  an  export  trade 
in  wool  and  corn,  and  considerable  traffic.  It  was  formerly 
the  centre  of  the  European  trade  with  Morocco.  Outside 
of  the  city  are  numerous  walled  orchards  and  gardens." 

Rabba,  r&b'bH,  a  populous  town  of  Africa,  in  Gando, 
on  the  Niger,  in  lat.  9°  15'  N.,  Ion.  5°  26'  E. 

Rabba,  a  collection  of  ruins  in  Syria,  E.  of  the  Dead 
Sea,  and  9  miles  N.  of  Kerok.  Here  are  ruins  consid- 
ered to  mark  the  site  of  Rabbath  Moab,  the  Arcopolit  of 
the  Greeks,  and  the  Ar  of  Moab  mentioned  in  Scripture. 

Rabbah  (or  Rabbath)  Ammon, Syria.   Sec  Ammax. 

Rab'bit  Ears,  Colorado,  a  mountain  of  the  Park 
Range,  in  lat.  40°  25'  9"  N.,  Ion.  106°  36'  6"  AY.  Its  alti- 
tude is  10,719  feet. 

Rabbit  Island,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Pallo. 

Rab'bit  Islands,  a  small  group  in  tKe  JEgoan  Sea,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Dardanelles. 

Rabbit  River,  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  runs  westward,  and 
enters  the  Kalamazoo  River  7  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Rabbit  Town,  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  co.,  Ala.,  10 
miles  E.  of  Jaeksonville. 

Rab'bittsville,  a  post-office  of  Logan  co.,  Ky.,  about 
24  miles  W.  of  Bowling  Green. 

Rabenan,  ri'b?h-n5w\  a  town  of  Saxony,  7  miles 
S.W.  of  Dresden.     Pop.  1488. 

Rabil,  ri-bcel',  capital  of  the  island  of  Boavista,  Cape 
Verd  Islands,  on  its  AV.  side,  4  miles  E.  of  Porto  Sal  Key. 

Rabinal,  ri-be-nil',  a  town  of  Guatemala,  50  miles  E. 
of  Solola.     Pop.  about  6500. 

Rabischau,  ri'bish-Sw\  a  town  of  Prussia,  govern- 
ment and  S.W.  of  Licgnitz.     Pop.  1610. 

Rabnabad,  rib-ni-bid',  a  low,  sandy  island  of  India, 
Bay  of  Bengal,  one  of  the  Sundcrbunds,  at  the  W.  entrance 
of  the  E.  mouth  of  the  Ganges.     It  is  about  10  miles  long. 

RabschAver,  a  town  of  Alsace.    See  Ribeauvili  k. 

Ra'ban,  the  northeastemmost  county  of  Georgia,  has 
an  area  of  about  464  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
SiE.  by  the  Chattooga  River,  and  is  drained  by  the  Tallulah 
Creek  and  Little  Tennessee  River,  which  rise  in  it.  The 
surface  is  mountainous,  and  covered  with  forests.  This 
county  comprises  several  peaks  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  one  of 
■which  is  called  Tallulah  Mountain.  The  much-admired 
Tallulah  Falls  are  on  the  S,  border  of  this  county.  Capital, 
Clayton.    Pop.  in  1870,  3256 ;  in  1880,  4634 ;  in  1890,  6606. 

Raban  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Rabun  co.,  Ga.,  about  8 
miles  N.  of  Clayton,  which  is  the  capital  of  the  county. 
It  has  several  general  stores.     Pop.  about  100. 

Racalmuto,  ri-kll-moo'to,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province 
and  15  miles  N.E.  of  Girgenti.  It  is  the  seat  of  much  com- 
merce and  enterprise.     Pop.  11,012. 

Racca,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Rakka. 

Racconigi)  r&k-ko-nee'jee,  or  Raconigi,  a  town  of 


Italy,  on  the  Mairo,  19  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Turin.  Pop. 
9912.  It  has  a  royal  park  and  chUteau,  and  manufacture! 
of  silk  fabrics  and  twist  and  woollen  cloths. 

Rac^GOOn',  a  post-township  of  Marion  co..  111.  Pop. 
1139.     Raccoon  Post-Office  is  at  Romine  City. 

Raccoon,  a  township  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1327. 

Raccoon,  a  township  of  Gallia  co.,  0.     Pop.  1700. 

Raccoon,  a  township  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1012. 

Raccoon,  a  post-village  in  Smith  townslii]),  Washing- 
ton CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pan-Handle  Railroad,  25  miles  W.  of 
Pittsburg.  It  has  mines  of  good  coul,  and  is  in  a  rich  val* 
ley  noted  for  dairies. 

Raccoon,  or  Racoon,  a  post-village  of  Preston  oo., 
AV.  Va.,  at  Independence  Station  on  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio 
Railroad,  llj  miles  E.  of  Grafton.  It  has  2  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  flour. 

Raccoon  Bend,  a  post-office  of  Laurel  co.,  Ky. 

Raccoon  Creek,  Indiana,  rises  in  Boone  cu.,  runs 
southwestward,  intersects  Putnam  and  Parke  cos.,  and  en- 
ters the  AVabash  River  7i  miles  AV.  of  Rockville.  It  Is 
nearly  70  miles  long. 

Raccoon  Creek,  Gloucester co.,N. J.,  runs  northwest, 
ward,  and  enters  the  Delaware  River. 

Raccoon  Creek  (or  Fork),  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  rau 
eastward,  and  enters  the  Licking  River  at  Newark. 

Raccoon  Creek,  Ohio,  drains  the  E.  part  of  A'inton 
CO.,  runs  southward  through  Gallia  co.,  and  enters  the  Ohio 
River  7  miles  below  Gallipolis.     Length,  about  90  miles. 

Raccoon  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  AVashington 
CO.,  runs  northward  in  Beaver  co.,  and  enters  the  Ohio 
River  4  or  5  miles  below  Rochester. 

Raccoon  Ford,  a  post-village  of  Culncper  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Rapidan  River,  about  80  miles  N.N.Av .  of  Richmond. 
It  h.xs  a  church  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Raccoon  Alills,  a  post-office  of  Chattooga  co.,  Ga. 

Raccoon  (or  Coon)  River,  Iowa,  rises  in  Bucna  Vista 
CO.,  runs  southeastward,  intersects  Sac,  Carroll,  Greene,  and 
Dallas  COS.,  and  enters  the  Dcs  Moines  River  at  the  city  of 
Des  Moines.     Its  length  is  estimated  at  170  miles. 

Raccoon  River,  AVisconsin,  a  small  stream  which 
flows  through  the  N.AAT.  part  of  Vernon  co.  into  the  Missis-, 
sippi  River. 

Raccoon  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  Tenn., 
about  20  miles  N.  of  Knoxville. 

Racc'burg,  a  post-office  of  Rooks  co.,  Kansas. 

Race  Course,  a  station  in  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Dayton  Railroad,  8i  miles  N.  of 
Cincinnati. 

Race'land,  a  post-office  and  station  of  La  Fourche 
parish.  La.,  on  Morgan's  Louisiana  &  Texas  Railroad,  40 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  New  Orleans.     Here  is  a  church.  , 

Race  of  Alderney,  awl'd^r-ne,  is  chiefly  in  the  strait ' 
between  the  island  of  Alderney  and  Cape  La  Hague,  Franco. 

Race  of  Port'land,  on  the  English  coast,  nearly  op- 
posite, lies  off  the  peninsula  of  Portland  Bill. 

Race  Point,  a  headland  at  the  S.E.  extremity  of  New- 
foundland. 

Race  Track,  a  station  in  Caddo  parish.  La.,  on  the, 
Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad  (Marshall  <k  Shrevcport  division)/ 
4  miles  S.AV.  of  Shreveport. 

Rachecourt,  rish^koon',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
Luxembourg,  5  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Arlon.     Pop.  1300. 

Rache-'rchurin,  rl-sh4-choo-rccn'  (?),  a  city  of  Mon- 
golia, 360  miles  AV.  of  Peking.  It  consists  of  3  elegant  and 
m.ajestic  Booddhist  temples  and  other  large  edifices,  sur 
rounded  by  a  great  number  of  small  houses. 

Rachlin,  an  island  of  Ireland.    See  Rathlix. 

Rachoor,  a  town  of  India.     See  RAicnon. 

Rachova,  a  village  of  Greece.     See  Auakhova. 

Raciborz,  a  town  of  Silesia.    Sec  RATinon. 

Racine,  ra-seen',  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  AViscon- 
sin, has  an  area  of  about  340  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  Lake  Michig.an,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Fox 
and  Root  Rivers.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  di- 
versified with  prairies  and  oak  openings,  in  which  the  oak 
and  hickory  abound.  The  soil  is  calcareous  and  fertile. 
AVheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and  cattle  are  the  staple 
products.  Silurian  (Niagara)  limestone  underlies  part  of 
the  soil.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  4 
Northwestern,  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul,  and  Wis- 
consin Central  Railroads,  the  first  two  of  which  connect 
with  Racine,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  26,740;  in  1875, 
28,702;  in  1880,  30,922  j  in  1890,  36,268. 


RAC 


2243 


RAD 


Rncine,  a  post-hamlet  of  Arkansas  eo.,  Ark.,  on  the 
N.  bank  of  the  Arkansas  River,  4  miles  N.  of  Varner  Sta- 
tion.    It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  grist-mill. 

Racine,  a  post-haralet  of  Mowor  co.,  Minn.,  5  miles 
from  Grand  Meadow  Station.     It  has  a  church, 

Racine,  Newton  co..  Mo,     See  Dayton. 

Racine,  a  post-village  in  Sutton  township,  Meigs  co., 
0.,  on  the  Ohio  lliver,  9  miles  above  Pomeroy.  It  contains 
an  academy  or  high  school,  3  churches,  2  flour-mills,  2  car- 
riage-shops, a  woollen-mill,  &o.  Coal  is  mined  near  this 
place.     Pop.  560. 

Rncine,  a  city  of  Wisconsin,  and  county  seat  of  Racine 
CO.,  is  situated  on  the  W.  shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  at  the 
mouth  of  Root  River,  25  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Milwaukee,  and 
62  miles  N.  of  Chicago,  It  is  the  second  city  of  the  state 
in  population  and  commerce,  and  has  one  of  the  best  har- 
bors on  the  lake.  The  city  is  handsomely  laid  out,  with 
wide  streets  crossing  at  right  angles,  and  contains  the  court- 
house, St.  Luke's  Hospital,  the  Taylor  Orphan  Asylum,  the 
new  post-office,  and  the  massive  buildings  of  the  "  Univer- 
EJty  of  the  West  and  Northwest"  (Protestant  Episcopal), 
formerly  known  as  Racine  College.  Racine  has  20  churches, 
extensive  grain-elevators,  large  threshing-machine-works 
and  woollen-mills,  2  extensive  wngon-factories,  a  steel- 
plough-factory,  II  fanning-mill-factories,  9  tanneries,  sil- 
vcr-plate-works,  linseed-oil-works,  foundries,  machine- 
shoyis,  wire-works,  3  pump-factories,  5  glove-  and  mitten- 
factories,  and  manufactories  of  pianos,  cotton  batting,  and 
flax.  Two  national  banks  have  a  paid-up  capital  and  sur- 
plus of  $500,000.  Its  educational  advantages  are  un- 
surpassed AV,  of  Lake  Michigan ;  besides  the  university, 
there  are  St.  Catharine's  Academy  for  young  ladies,  the 
McMurphy  Home  School  for  young  ladies,  and  the  McMynn 
Academy.  The  public  schools  are  graded,  embracing  a 
high  school,  5  grammar,  5  intermediate,  and  22  primary 
schools,  requiring  a  corps  of  40  teachers.  Racine's  manu- 
facturing enterprises  require  corresponding  shipping  facil- 
ities, and  these  are  supplied  by  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern 
Railroad  and  by  the  Western  Union  Railroad,  extending  from 
Racine  (with  a  branch  to  Milwaukee)  to  Savanna,  111.,  on 
the  Mississippi  River.  On  the  lake,  the  West  Shore  steam- 
boat lino  makes  daily  trips  each  way  between  Chicago  and 
northern  ports ;  the  lines  of  lower  lake  propellers  and  two 
Lake  Superior  lines  make  regular  stops  at  this  port.  In 
addition  to  these,  there  are  owned  at  the  port  of  Racine 
46  sailing-vessels,  of  8681  aggregate  tonnage.  Racine  was 
first  settled  in  1835  ;  incorporated  as  a  city  in  1848.  Pop. 
in  1850,  6111;  in  1860,  7820;  in  1870,  9880;  in  1878  <by 
local  census),  17,430;  in  1880,  16,031;  in  1890,  21,014, 

Racine  Junction,  a  station  of  the  Western  Union 
Railroad,  at  the  junction  with  the  Chicago  &  Milwaukee 
Railroad,  2  miles  from  Racine,  AVis. 

Racisburg,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Ratzeburo. 

Rack'et  (orRaqnette)  Lake,  New  York,  is  in  Ham- 
ilton CO.,  among  the  Adirondack  Mountains,  1731  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea.  It  is  about  14  miles  in  extent,  and  is 
irregular  in  form.  Its  surplus  water  passes  through  a  short 
outlet  into  Long  Lake. 

Racket  River,  New  York,  rises  in  Hamilton  co.,  and 
is  the  outlet  of  several  lakes,  the  largest  of  which  are 
Racket  and  Long  Lakes.  It  runs  first  northwestward,  and 
drains  part  of  Franklin  co.,  from  which  it  passes  into  St. 
Lawrence  co.  Turning  gradually  to  the  right,  it  flows 
northward  and  northeastward,  and  enters  the  St.  Lawrence 
River  on  the  boundary  between  New  York  and  Canada. 
Length,  about  140  miles. 

Racket  River,  a  post-hamlet  in  Massena  township, 
St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Racketllivor,  about  25  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Malone.     , 

Ritconigi,  a  town  of  Italy,    See  Racconigi, 

Racoon.    See  RACcooy. 

Racz,  a  town  of  Hungary,     See  Becse, 

Racz-Keve,  ra,ts-k4.'vi\  an  island  in  the  Danube,  28 
miles  long,  and  from  1  to  2  miles  broad.  Its  N.  point  is 
immediately  S.  of  Pesth. 

Racz-keve,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co,  and  22  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Pesth,  on  the  above  island.     Pop.  5672, 

Radack,  ri'dik,  (or  Radak)  Chain,  an  island-chain 
in  the  Pacific,  having  a  general  N.N.W.  and  S.S.E.  course, 
eastward  of  and  nearly  parallel  to  the  Ralick  chain  of 
Jlieronesia,  the  two  chains,  with  some  sporadic  islands, 
forming  the  Marshall  Archipelago. 

Radaina,  ri'd5,-mi,  a  small  island  and  bay  of  Mada- 
gascar, on  the  N.W.  coast. 

Rada-nel-Chianti,rl'da-n8l-ke-an'tee,or  Castel- 
di-Rada,  kis-tfil'-dee-ri'dd,  a  village  of  Italy,  16  miles 
N,  of  Siena.     Pop.  2876, 


Radantz,  ri'dSwts,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Bukowina, 

10  miles  S.W.  of  Sereth.     Pop.  7249. 

Radeberg,  ri'd§h-bfiRG\  a  town  of  Saxony,  9  milea 
N.E.  of  Dresden,  on  the  Riider.  Pop.  5894.  It  has  im- 
portant manufactures  of  ribbons,  gloves,  and  linen  fabrics. 

Radeburg,  rS,'d?h-bo<5nG\  a  town  of  Saxony,  on  the 
Roder,  about  12  miles  N.  of  Dresden.  It  has  manufactures 
of  pottery,  starch,  Ac.     Pop.  2658. 

Radenin,  r3,M?h-neen',  a  village  of  Bohemia,  9  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Tabor.     Pop.  1080. 

Ra'der's,  a  station  in  Greene  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  East 
Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad,  6  miles  W,  of 
Greeneville. 

Ra'dersburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jefferson  co., 
Montana,  is  about  35  miles  S.S.E.  of  Helena,  and  5  miles 
W.  of  the  Missouri  River.  Gold  is  found  here,  and  is  the 
chief  article  of  export.     Pop.  311. 

RadevorniAvald,  ri'd^h-voRm-wild',  or  Rade  vorm 
Walde,  ri'deh  voRm  wdl'd^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  govern-- 
ment  of  Dusseldorf,  about  9  miles  S.E.  of  Barmen.  It  has 
manufactures  of  cotton,  linen,  and  woollen  fabrics,  leather, ' 
hardware.  &a.     Pop.  8976. 

Rad'ford,  a  hamlet  of  Christian  co.,  111.,  in  Prairieton 
township,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  19  miles  S.  of  ■ 
Decatur. 

Radford  Furnace,  a  post-office  of  Pulaski  co.,  Va., 

11  miles  S.  of  Dublin,     Here  is  a  charcoal-furnace. 
Rad'fordsville,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  Ala.,  about 

26  miles  N.N.W.  of  Selraa. 

Rad^hunpoor',  or  RadMiunipoor',atownof  India, 
capital  of  the  native  state  of  the  same  name,  in  the  Pah- 
lunpoor  agency,  Guzerat.  Lat.  23°  28'  N.;  Ion.  71"  30'  E, 
Pop.  13,910.  The  state  has  an  area  of  800  square  miles, 
and  a  pop.  of  91,679. 

Rad'ical,  post-office.  Stone  co..  Mo.,  on  White  River. 

Radical  City,  a  post-village  in  Sycamore  township, 
Montgomery  co.,  Kansas,  on  Elk  River,  7  miles  N.W.  of 
Independence.      It  has  2  churches  and  a  graded  school. 

Radicena,  ri-de-chi'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Rcggio  di  Calabria,  11  miles  E.  of  Palmi.     Pop.  4974. 

Radicofani,  ri-de-ko-fi'nce,  a  town  of  Italy,  36  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Siena,  on  the  slope  of  a  volcanic  mountain  of  the 
same  name.     Pop.  2884. 

Radicondoli,  r4-de-kon'do-le,  or  Ridicondoli,  re- 
dc-kon'do-lee,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Siena,  13 
miles  S.E.  of  Voltcrra,     Pop,  3962. 

Radimin,  ri,-de-meen',  or  Radzimin,  r&d-zc-mccn', 
a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  province  and  12  miles  N.  by  E. 
of  Warsaw.     Pop.  3866. 

Radkersburg,  rid'k?rs-bo5uo\  a  town  of  Styria,  37 
miles  S.E.  of  Griitz,  on  the  Mur.     Pop.  2055. 

Radmansdorf,  rid'mins-doRf,  written  also  Ro- 
dolza  and  Radoulza,  a  town  of  Austria,  26  miles  N.W. 
of  Lay  bach,  on  the  Save.     Pop.  1120. 

Radna,  rod-noh',  written  also  Rodna,  a  village  of 
Transylvania,  23  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bistritz,  on  the  Szamos. 
Pop.  2160. 

Radnau,  Transylvania.     See  Radnoth. 

Radnitz,  rid'nits,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  14  miles  N,E. 
of  Pilsen.     Pop.  3024. 

Rad'nor,  or  Radnorshire,  rad'nor-shjr,  a  county 
of  South  Wales,  having  N.  the  cos.  of  Montgomery  and  ' 
Salop.  Area,  432  square  miles.  Pop.  21,791.  The  surface, 
except  in  the  S.E.,  is  bleak  and  mountainous.  Principal 
rivers,  the  Wye,  Arrow,  and  Lugg.  Sheep  and  cattle  are 
the  staple  products  of  the  county.  Chief  towns,  Presteign, 
New  Radnor,  and  Knighton.  'The  county  sends  one  mem- 
ber to  the  House  of  Commons,  It  gives  the  title  of  earl  to 
the  Bouverie  family. 

Radnor,  New,  a  borough  of  South  Wales,  capital  of 
the  CO.  of  Radnor,  13  miles  N.N.E,  of  Brecon,  Pop,  of 
parliamentary  borough,  2190. 

Rad'nor,  a  township  of  Peoria  co..  111.     Pop.  948, 

Radnor,  a  post-township  of  Delaware  co.,  0.,  is  bounded 
W.  by  the  Scioto  River.  Pop.  1266.  Radnor  Post-Office 
and  Station  are  at  Delhi. 

Radnor,  a  post-village  in  Radnor  township,  Delaware, 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  12  miles  AV.N.W;  ■ 
of  Philadelphia.    It  has  3  churches.    P.  of  township,  1431. 

Radnor  Forges,  Quebec.    See  Fermont. 

Radnorshire,  England.    See  Radnor, 

Radnoth,  rid'not,  Radnau,  r^d'now,  or  Jernot, 
ySr'not,  a  village  of  Transylvania,  on  the  Maros,  44  miles 
N.  of  Hermannstadt.     Pop.  1200. 

Radoch  Kovitchi,  Russia.    SeeRADOSH  Kovitchi. 

Radokala,  rd-do-k&'lfl,  or  Rimski-KorsakotT, 
jim'skee-kor-si-koff',  a  group  of  islands  of  the  North  Pa-  ■ 


RAD 


2244 


BAS 


eifio,  in  Marshall's  Arohipelago.  Lnt.  1 1°  S'  and  1 1°  30'  N. ; 
Ion.  166°  26'  and  167°  U'  E.  The  islands  are  principally 
two, — a  larger,  about  26  miles  long,  and  a  less,  situated  to 
the  S.  of  it,  nnd  14  miles  long. 

ItadoHszcll,  r&'dulf-tsdir,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  th« 
UntorSoo,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Constinoe.     Pop.  1803. 

IladoiUt  r&'dom,  a  town  of  I'olivnd,  capital  of  a  prov- 
ince, on  tho  Kadouika,  57  miles  S.  of  Warsaw.  Pop.  11,339. 
It  is  tho  see  of  a  Human  Catholic  bishop,  and  hiut  Roman 
tatholio  churches  iind  I'iarist  and  Lutheran  colleges. 

Katlom,  a  province  orgovornuicnt  of  llussia,  in  Poland, 
bounded  S.U.  by  Austrian  Galicia.  Area,  4768  square 
miles.     CiipituI,  lladom.     Pop.  541,993. 

Ka'donit  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  III.,  in 
Ashley  township,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Ilailroad,  2  miles 
S.  of  Ashley.  It  has  a  church  and  a  money-order  post- 
office,     lladum  was  settled  by  Polos  in  1873. 

Radoniirt  rH-do-mccr',  a  town  of  Eastern  Roumolia, 
20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ohiustendil. 

Radonisk,  rd-dumsk',  or  liadomsko,  r&-dom'sko,  a 
town  of  Poland,  province  and  IS  miles  S.K.  of  Kalisz,  on 
the  railway  to  Warsaw.     Pop.  3708, 

Radomysl,  r&'do-misT,  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  59  miles  W.N.W.  of  Kiev,  on  tho  Teterev.     Pop.  6905. 

Rudoinysi,  a  town  of  Austrian  Ualicia,  18  miles  N.£. 
of  Tarnow.     Pop.  1831. 

Radosh  Kuvitchi,  Radoch  Kovitchi,  or  Ra> 
dosch  Kovitschi,  r&-dush'  ko-vit'ohoe,  atowu  of  Russia, 
24  miles  N.W.  of  Minsk.     Pop.  1351. 

Radoulza,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Rapuaksdorp. 

Radovitz,  r&'do-vits\  a  town  of  Turkey,  in  Macedonia, 
50  miles  S.  of  Ghiustcndil,  on  the  Radovitz  River. 

Radstadt,  r&d'stit,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Salzburg, 
on  tho  Enns,  35  miles  S.E.  of  Salzburg. 

Radwaii,  rUd'xVin,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Sohl,  on 
the  Gran,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Neusohl.     Pop.  1348. 

Radziinin,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland.     See  RAnixiv. 

Radzyn,  rdd'zin,  a  town  of  Poland,  province  and  30 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Siedlec.     Pop.  4351. 

Rae  Barcli,  India.    See  Rov  Bareilly. 

Ruc'vilie,  a  post-office  of  Boone  co..  Neb. 

Rata,  rd'fi  (anc.  Jia'phia),  a  town  of  Palestine,  near 
the  frontier  of  Egypt,  4  or  5  miles  from  the  Mediterranean. 

RaPfles  Bay,  an  inlet  on  tho  N.  coast  of  the  Coburg 
Peninsula,  in  North  Australia,  13  miles  E.  of  Port  Essing- 
ton.     Lat.  11°  10'  S. ;  Ion.  132°  20'  E. 

R&fsund,  rdfsoond,  a  lake  of  Sweden,  Isan  and  26 
miles  S.E.  of  Ostersund.  Greatest  length,  from  N.W,  to 
S.E.,  24  miles;  breadth,  about  9  miles.  It  has  a  large 
island,  and  a  village  of  the  same  name  on  its  E.  shore,  and 
discharges  itself  at  the  S.E.  into  the  Njurunda. 

Raft  Creek,  Idaho,  runs  northward  through  Owyhee 
to.,  and  enters  Snake  River  near  lat.  113°  10'  W. 

Rafting  Creek,  township,  Sumter  co.,  S.C.    Pop.  1585. 

Raft  River  Bridge,  post-office,  Owyhee  co.,  Idaho. 

Ragatz,  r&'gits,  a  town  and  parish  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  30  miles  S.  by  E.  of  St.  Gall,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  gorge  through  which  the  Tamina  rushes  to  the  Rhine. 
It  is  noted  for  its  mineral  springs.     Pop.  1825. 

Ragendorf,  ri'gh^n-donr,  or  R^ka,  ri'kSh,  a  town 
of  Hungary,  co.  and  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Wieselburg,  on 
the  Danube.     Pop.  2621. 

Ragersvillc,  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.     See  Rogersville. 

Rag'ged  Island,  a  post-hamlet  in  Shelburne  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  21  miles  from  Shelburne.     Pop.  359. 

Ragged  Island  (East  Side),  a  post-hamlet,  3  miles 
from  the  above.     Pop.  150. 

Rag'ged  Mountains,  a  range  on  the  border  between 
Grafton  and  Merrimack  cos.,  N.II.     Height,  2000  feet. 

Raghib,  r&^gheeb',  a  village  of  Arabia,  on  its  S.E. 
coast,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Makallah. 

Ragliooghur,  or  Rahgoogurh.    See  Ragooghur. 

Ragliunatlipoor,  India.     See  Rogo\auti>oor. 

Ragian,  ri-gbe-in',  or  Rhugian,  rug^e-in',  a  town 
of  Persia,  in  Ears,  3  miles  AV.  of  Behbehan. 

Rag'lan,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  375. 

Rag'lan,  a  post- village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  84  miles 
N.  of  Oshawa.     Pop.  100. 

Raglesville,  ra'gh^lz-vll,  a  post-office  of  Daviess  co., 
Ind.,  about  34  miles  E.N.E.  of  Vincennes. 

Ragnit,  r&g'nit,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  30  miles  N. 
of  Gumbinnen,  on  the  Niemen.     Pop.  3857. 

Ragol,  r&-gol',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  province 
and  18  miles  from  Almeria.     Pop.  1376. 

Ragooghur,  Ragooghur,  ri-goo-g&r',  or  Rah- 
googurh, a  town  of  India,  province  of  Malwah,  133 
miles  S.S.W.  of  GwaUor. 


RngN'dale,  a  post-office  of  Fannin  co.,  Tex. 
Rnguhn,  r&'goon,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Anhalt,  otf 

the  Mulde,  8  miles  S,  of  Dossuu,     Pop.  1785. 

Ragusa,  r&-guo's&,  a  river  uf  Sicily,  flows  S.,  and  enUn 
the  Mediterranean  12  miles  S..S,W.  of  Modica. 

RagUHn,  r4-goo't&,  or  Raugia,  ri-oo'jl  or  rSw'jl 
(Slav.  JJubrovHik,  doo-brov'nik  ;  Turk.  J'aprvvuik;  p&.proT- 
nik'  or  p4-i)rov-neek'),  a  seaport  city  of  Daluialia,  on  a 
peninsula  of  tho  Adriatic,  38  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cattaro. 
Lat,  of  the  mole  fort,  42°  38'  N.;  Ion.  18°  7'  E.  Pop. 
8823.  It  is  partly  enclosed  by  old  walls,  and  has  a  cathe- 
dral, with  fine  works  of  art,  a  large  Gothic  oustom-bouic, 
a  palace  of  tho  former  rectors  of  the  republic,  a  guard* 
house,  barracks,  a  lyceum,  a  lazaretto,  a  theatre,  and  in  iu 
vicinity  numerous  elegant  villas.  The  port,  iuimcdiutely 
S.  of  the  city,  is  fitted  only  for  small  vessels,  nnd  its  trade, 
onco  important,  has  greatly  declined.  It  is  frequently 
visited  by  earthquakes.  It  has  manufactures  of  silki, 
leather,  and  rosoglio,  which,  with  oil,  anchovies,  and  the 
products  of  Herzegovina,  constitute  the  chief  exports.  Ra- 
gusa, founded  about  the  middle  of  the  seventh  century, 
continued  to  bo  a  republic,  under  the  successive  ])roteclioa 
of  tho  Greeks,  Venetians,  and  Turks,  until  1800,  when  it 

was  erected  by  Napoleon  into  a  duchy  for  Marmont. 

Adj.  and  inbab.  Ragusan,  i&-goo's!^n.  Ragusa  Veucbia, 
ri-goo'si  v{k'ke  ft.  ("  Old  Ragusa"),  a  village  on  tho  Adri- 
atic, 7  miles  S.E.  of  tho  foregoing,  was  the  ancient  Epi' 
dauntt,  which  is  said  to  have  been  destroyed  by  tho  CroaU 
in  606.     It  has  many  vestiges  of  antiquity. 

Ragusa,  a  town  of  Sicily,  3  miles  W.  of  Modica,  on 
the  W.  bank  of  the  Ragusa.  Pop.  28,370.  It  has  mauu- 
foctures  of  woollens  and  silks,  with  a  trade  in  corn,  oil, 
wine,  and  cheese.    Near  it  stood  the  ancient  Hyhla  Uefva, 

Rahabeh,  r&-hil'bdh,  a  castle  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  on 
the  W.  bank  of  the  Euphrates,  between  llakka  and  Anah. 

Rahad,  ri-hld',  a  river  of  Abyssinia  and  Nubia,  joink 
tho  Bahr-cl-Azrek,  or  Blue  Nile,  67  miles  N.  of  Sennaar, 
after  a  N.W.  course  of  260  miles. 

Rahdunpoor,  a  town  of  India.    See  Radhuni-oor. 

Raheia,  ri-hi'a,  a  town  of  India,  in  Bundclcund,  14 
miles  S.E.  of  Jaloun. 

Ralinianeeah,  or  Rahmanieh,  r&n-mft-noe'fh,  a 
town  of  Egypt,  province  of  Bahari,  25  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Rosetta,  on  tho  Rosetta  branch  of  tho  Nile. 

Rahn,  rihn,  township,  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1227. 

Rahn's,  a  hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pn.,  on  the 
Perkiomen  Railroad,  7i  miles  N.  of  Perkiomen  Junction. 
It  has  a  foundry  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Raho,  ri'ho\  a  village  of  Hungary,  18  miles  N.E.  of 
Szigeth.     Pop.  2110. 

Rahoon,  or  Rahun,  ri-hoon',  also  called  Rhan, 
rhdn,  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Punjab,  13  miles  N.E.  of 
Loodianah.     Pop.  14,394, 

Rahova,  ri-ho'vA,  or  Orava,  o-ri'v4,  a  town  of  Bul- 
garia, 55  miles  E.S.E.  of  Widin,  on  tho  Danube. 

Rahway,  raw'wi,  a  small  river  of  New  Jersey,  rises  in 
Essex  CO.,  runs  southward  through  Union  co.,  and  enters 
Staten  Island  Sound  5  miles  S.  of  Elizabeth. 

Railway,  a  city  of  Union  co.,  N.J.,  is  on  the  Rahway 
River,  4  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  on  the  New  York  di- 
vision of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  and  the  N.  terminus 
of  the  Perth  Amboy  &  Woodbridgo  Railroad,  19  miles  S.W. 
of  New  York,  5  miles  S.W.  of  E'Izabeth,  and  12  miles  N.E. 
of  New  Brunswick.  Schooners  can  ascend  the  river  from 
Staten  Island  Sound  to  this  place.  It  contains  17  churches, 
2  national  banks,  2  savings-banks,  gas-works,  extensive 
manufactures  of  carriages,  clothing,  shoes,  printing-presses, 
woollen  goods,  springs,  axles,  and  wheels,  and  ]irinting- 
offices  which  issue  2  weekly  newspapers.  Many  business 
men  of  New  York  City  reside  here.  Pop.  in  1870,  6258; 
in  1880,  6455;  in  1890,  7105. 

Raiatea,  ri-&-ti'i,  or  Laiatca,  ll-l-ti'i  (the  VlUea 
of  Cook),  one  of  tho  Society  Islands,  in  the  Pacific,  130 
miles  N.W.  of  Tahiti.  Lat.  16°  50'  S.;  Ion.  151°  24'  W, 
Principal  products,  arrow-root  and  cocoa-nuts. 

Rai  Bareli,  India.     See  Rov  Baueilly. 

Raib's,  rabz,  a  station  and  hamlet  of  St.  Clair  co..  III., 
on  the  St.  Louis,  Alton  <fc  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  2i  miles 
W.  of  Belleville.     Coal  is  mined  hero. 

Raichor,  rl'chor',  Raichoor,  rrchoor',  or  Ra- 
choor,  r4*choor',  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Nizam's  domin- 
ions, 110  miles  S.AV.  of  Hyderabad.  Lat,  16°  12'  N.;  Ion. 
77°  25'  E. 

Raidah,  ri'di,  a  seaport  town  of  Arabia,  on  its  S.E. 
coast.  Lat.  15°  N.;  Ion.  50°  30' E.  Pop.  700.  Principal 
exports,  frankincense,  aloes,  ambergris,  and  shark-fins 

Raidrug,  a  town  of  India     See  Rydkoog. 


RAI 


2245 


RAL 


Baif  (raf)  Branch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co., 
Ala.,  28  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Montgomery.     It  h.as  a  church. 

liaigarh  Bargarh,  India.     See  Kyghur. 

Rai-Koke,  rl-ko'kA,  written  also  Rau-Koko  and 
Rach-Kokc,  one  of  the  Kooril  Islands,  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean.     Lat.  48°  16'  N. ;  Ion.  153°  15'  E. 

Raikot,  ri-kot',  also  written  Raiekote,  a  town  of 
India,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Loodianah.     Pop.  91fid. 

Rail  Road,  a  township  of  Starke  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  532. 

Rail'roatI,  a  post-borough  of  York  co.,  Pa.,  in  Slirews- 
bury  township,  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  17  miles 
S.  of  York.  It  has  a  tannery,  2  grist-mills,  a  distillery,  a 
brewery,  and  a  manufactory  of  phosphate. 

Railroad  Flat,  a  post-village  rf  Calaveras  co.,  Cal., 
40  miles  from  Milton.  It  has  a  church,  a  hotel,  a  quartz- 
mill,  itc.     Gold  is  mined  near  this  place. 

Rain'bow,  a  post-village  in  Windsor  township,  Hart- 
ford CO.,  Conn.,  on  the  Farmington  River,  13  miles  N.  of 
Hartford.     It  has  a  church  and  several  paper-mills. 

Raineburg,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  OitANiENBuna. 

Rainc  (nVn)  Islet,  an  islet  in  the  Great  Barrier  Reef, 
in  Australasia.     Lat.  11°  36'  S. ;  Ion.  144°  2'  E. 

Rainham  (riln'am)  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Ilaldi- 
mand  co.,  Ontario,  12  miles  from  Dunnville.     Pop.  100. 

Rainier,  ra'neer,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co.,  Ore- 
gon, on  the  Columbia  River,  nearly  opposite  Monticello,  and 
60  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Portland.     It  nas  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Rainier,  Mount.    See  Mount  Rainier. 

Rains,  ranz,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Te.\ns,  has 
an  area  of  about  270  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
S.W.  by  the  Sabine  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Lake 
Fork.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly.  The  soil  is 
fertile.    Capital,  Emory.    Pop.  in  1880,  3035;  in  1890,  3909. 

Rainsborough,  ran»'bur-riih,  a  post-village  in  Paint 
township.  Highland  co.,  0.,  about  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chil- 
licothe.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  carriage-shop.    Pop.  220. 

Rainsbnrg,  ranz'bQrg,  a  post-village  of  Bedford  co., 
Pa,,  in  Colerain  township,  8  miles  S.  of  Bedford  Springs, 
and  about  46  miles  S.  of  Altoona.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
seminary  or  normal  school,  a  carriage-shop,  and  2  tanneries. 

Rainstown,  ranz'town,  a  post-village  of  Hendricks  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  &  Western  Rail- 
road, 20  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  3  churches, 
an  academy,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  tin-ware,  tiles, 
pumps,  Ac. 

Rainsville,  ranz'vll,  a  post-hamlot  of  Warren  co., 
Ind.,  on  Pine  Creek,  22  miles  W.  of  Lafayette. 

Rainy  (ran'?)  Lake  (Fr.  Lac  de  la  Pluie,  lik  d?h  14 
plii'ce'),  in  North  America,  160  miles  W.  of  Lake  Superior, 
forms  part  of  the  boundary  between  Canada  and  the  United 
States.  It  discharges  its  waters  by  Rainy  River  into  the 
Lake  of  the  Woods.     Its  banks  are  covered  with  forests. 

Rainy  River,  the  outlet  of  Rainy  Lake,  forms  part 
of  the  boundary  between  Minnesota  and  Canada.  It  runs 
westward  and  northwestward,  and  enters  the  Lake  of  the 
AVoods.     Length,  100  miles.     It  is  navigable. 

Raipoor,  or  Kaipur,  rPpoor',  also  written  Rye- 
poor,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  Raipoor  district,  174 
miles  E.  of  Nagpoor.     Pop.  16,645, 

Raipoor,  or  Raipur,  a  district  of  India,  Central 
Provinces,  Chutteesgurh  division.  Area,  11,885  squ.are 
miles.  It  is  a  part  of  a  low  sandstone  plateau.  Capital, 
Raipoor.     Pop.  1,093,405. 

Raira-Kliol,  rl'ra-k'hol',  a  native  state  of  India,  Cen- 
tral Provinces.     Area,  8.'j3  square  miles.     Pop.  12,660. 

Raisin  (ra'z'n)  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Raisin  town- 
ship, Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Raisin  River,  about  32 
miles  S.E.  of  Jackson.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  lumber-mill, 
Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1572. 

Raisin  River,  Michigan,  rises  in  or  near  Hillsdale  co., 
and  drains  parts  of  Jackson  and  Washtenaw  cos.  It  runs 
southward  through  Lenawee  and  eastward  through  Monroe 
CO.,  and  enters  Lake  Erie  2  miles  below  the  city  of  Monroe. 
It  is  about  140  miles  long,  and  affords  much  water-power. 

Raisinville,  ra'z'n-vil,  a  post-village  in  Raisinville 
township,  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  on  Raisin  River,  and  on  the 
Chicago  &,  Canada  Southern  Railroad,  41  i  miles  S.W.  of 
Detroit.  It  has  3  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 
Pop.  180;  of  the  township,  1891. 

Raismes,  r.\m  or  rfim,  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  on 
the  Northern  Railway,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Valenciennes. 
Pop.  3138.     It  has  coal-mines  and  iron- works. 

llnjagriha,  ri-ji-grce'a,  a  ruined  town  of  British 
India,  16  miles  S.  of  Bahar." 

Rajahmundry,  ri-ji-mfin'dree,  a  town  of  British 
India,  capital  of  the  district  of  Godavery,  on  the  Godavcry, 
•bout  43  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  73  miles  N.E.  of  Ma- 


sulipatam.  Lat.  16°  25'  N. ;  Ion.  81°  64'  E.  It  stands  on 
a  height,  and  has  a  fort  and  a  terraced  bazaar,  with  numer- 
ous mosques.     Pop.  19,738. 

Rajnkera,  r3,-j4-ki'r4,  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Bhurt- 
poor  dominions,  24  miles  S.  of  Agra. 

Rtyamahal,  ra,'j!l-mi-h4r,  written  also  Rajema* 
hal  and  Rajmuhal  ("the  royal  residence"),  a  town  of 
Bengal,  in  the  Santal  Pergunnahs,  on  the  Ganges,  65  miles 
N.W.  of  Moorshedabad.  Formerly  a  place  of  great  im- 
portance, it  has  declined  to  a  mere  hamlet;  but  it  is  a  rail- 
way terminus  and  the  seat  of  some  trade. 

Rajano,  ri-yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Aquila, 
6  miles  N.W.  of  Sulmona.     Pop.  3193. 

Rfy'apoor',  or  Raj^poor',  a  town  of  India,  district 
and  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rutnaghcrry.     Pop.  5367. 

Rajapoor,  a  town  of  the  North-West  Provinces,  India, 
Allahabad  division.     Pop.  5165. 

R{\jecz,  ri^yftts',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Trentschin, 
on  an  affluent  of  the  AVaag,  34  miles  N.AV.  of  Neusohl. 
Pop.  5575. 

Rajemahal,  or  R<\jmuhal.    See  RA.iAMAnAt,. 

Ra'jeshah'ye,or  Ra\jeshah'ye  Cooch  Ba'har', 
a  division  or  commissionership  of  Bengal,  comprising  the 
districts  of  Darjeeling,  Julpigoree,  Rungpoor,  Dinapoor, 
Bograh,  Maldah,  Rajeshahyc,  and  Pabna,  and  the  state  of 
Cooch  Bahar.     Area,  19,266  square  miles.     Pop.  8,053,489. 

Raj^ghnr',  or  Rajghar,  rilj'gur',  a  town  of  India, 
state  and  25  miles  S.  of  Alvar.     Pop.  12,070. 

Raj^han',a  town  of  Dera  Ghazee  Khan. district,  India. 
Pop.  5656. 

Rajka,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Rage.vdorf. 

Rajkot,  or  Rajcote,  r&j-kot',  a  town  of  India,  lat. 
22°  18'  N.,  Ion.  70°  50'  E.,  on  the  Kattywar  peninsula. 
Pop.  11,979.  It  is  the  capital  of  the  Rajkot  state,  a  chief- 
tainship of  the  Halar  division,  Guzerat,  paying  tribute  to 
the  British.     Area,  269  square  miles.     Total  pop.  36,770. 

Rajnug'gur,  or  Rajnagar,  raj-niig'ur,  a  town  of 
Bengal,  Backergunge  district.  Lat.  23°  18'  15"  N. ;  Ion. 
90°  23'  E.     Pop.  6365.     See  Nagore. 

Rajowlee,  or  Rajauli,  ri-jSw'lee,  a  town  of  Bengal, 
Oayah  district.   Lat.  24°  39' N. ;  Ion.  85°  32' E.   Pop.  5012. 

Rajpecpla,  or  Rajpipla,  raj-pee'pli,  one  of  the  Re- 
wakanta  states  of  India,  tributary  to  Baroda.  Area,  1231 
square  miles.  Lat.  21°  23'-21°  59'  N. ;  Ion.  73°  5'-74°  E. 
Itproducescarnclians,  wrought  and  unwrought.  P.  120,036. 

Ilajpeepla,  a  decayed  town  of  India,  capital  of  Raj- 
pecpla state,  56  miles  S.S.E.  of  Baroda. 

Rajpoor,  a  town  of  India.    See  RAJAroon. 

Rajpootana,  raj'poo-t&'ni,  a  region  in  the  N.W.  of 
India,  consisting  of  18  native  states  (known  as  Rajpoot 
states,  from  their  dominant  race,  the  Rajpoots).  It  com- 
pletely encloses  the  province  of  Ajmere,  and  extends  from 
Ion.  69°  35'  to  78°  10'  E.  (520  miles)  and  from  lat.  23°  15' 
to  30°  10'  N.  (490  miles).  Area,  129,760  square  miles. 
Much  of  the  region  is  almost  a  desert,  but  it  has  many  very 
pleasant  and  fertile  tracts.  The  states  are  assigned  to  va- 
rious British  political  agencies,  which  assist  in  their  man- 
agement. The  principal  states  are  Odeypoor,  Jeypoor, 
Bickaneer,  Joodpoor,  Dholepoor,  Bhurtpoor,  and  Alwar. 
Tonk  is  a  Mohammedan  state,  while  Dhole])oor  and  Bhurt- 
poor arc  mainly  peopled  by  Jats ;  but  in  the  rest  of  Raj- 
pootana the  Rajpoots  are  dominant.    P.  (1891)  12,300,150. 

Rajshahye,  Bengal.    See  Rajesbahye. 

Rakas-Tal,  a  lake  of  Thibet.    See  Ravaxa-Hiiada. 

Raker,  Northumberland  co.,  Pa.    Sec  Hunter. 

Rakhaing,  a  province  of  India.    See  Aracan. 

Rakka,  Rakkah,  or  Racca,  rik'kd  (anc.  Aicepho'- 
riiim),  a  small  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  on  the  Euphrates, 
92  miles  S.E.  of  Bir. 

Rakonitz,  ri'ko-nits',  written  also  Rokownjk,  a, 
town  of  Bohemia,  on  two  small  rivers,  30  miles  W.  of 
Prague.  It  has  coal-mines,  and  manufactures  of  paper, 
porcelain,  iron,  Ac.     Pop.  4274. 

Rakwitz,  rlk'V^its,  or  Rakoniewice,  ri-kon-y4- 
♦eet'sd,  a  town  of  Prussia,  34  miles  S.AV.  of  Posen. 

Raiding,  r^l'ding,  a  mountain  of  India,  in  the  Hima- 
layas, on  the  Sutlej.  Lat.  31°  29'  N. ;  Ion.  78°  22'  E. 
Height,  21,411  feet. 

Raleigh,  raw'lee,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  West  Vir- 
ginia, has  an  area  of  about  570  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  Kanawha  or  New  River,  and  is  intersected 
by  Coal  River  and  also  drained  by  Piney  and  Glade  Creeks. 
The  surface  is  mountainous,  and  mostly  covered  with  for- 
ests. The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  The  Chesapeake 
<fe  Ohio  Railroad  passes  along  the  E.  border  of  this  county. 
Capital,  Raleigh  Court-IIouse,  on  or  near  Piney  Creek. 
Pop.  in  1870,  3673  J  in  1880,  7367 ;  in  1890,  9597. 


RAL 


2246 


RAM 


Raleigh,  »  post-TiUaf^  of  Saline  co.,  111.,  in  Raloigh 
township,  about  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Shawneetown,  and  6 
miles  N.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  3  ohurchus.  I'op.  of  tbo 
township,  2108. 

Ualcigh,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rush  oo.,  Ind.,  on  Flat  Rook 
Creole,  about  28  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Richmond.  It  has  2 
ohurohos.     Pop.  about  200. 

Kaleigh,  u  post-village  of  Union  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  4  or  5  miles  above  Shawnoetown,  and  about  30  miles 
by  land  W.  by  S.  of  Henderson.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank, 
and  a  newspaper  office. 

Raleigh,  a  post-village,  capitAl  of  Smith  oo.,  Miss., 
about  -IS  miles  E.8.E.  of  Jaukson.  It  has  a  church.  It  is 
surrounded  by  pine  barrens  or  pine  woods.     Pop.  111. 

Raleigh,  a  city,  the  capital  of  North  Carolina  and  of 
Wako  CO.,  133  miles  N.N.W.  of  Wilmington,  and  286  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Washington.  Lat.  35°  47'  N. ;  Ion.  near  78°  40' 
\V.  The  city  is  situated  on  elevated  ground,  and  the  centre 
is  an  open  area,  called  Union  Square,  from  which  four  prin- 
cipal streets  99  feet  wide  extend  in  diflcrent  directions.  In 
this  square  is  located  the  state-house,  a  handsome  granite 
odiBce  adorned  with  massive  columns  and  surmo'intcd  by  a 
dome.  It  is  1G6  feet  long,  00  feet  wide,  and  cost  $500,000  or 
more.  Raleigh  also  contains  a  penitentiary,  a  court-house, 
a  lunatic  asylum  belonging  to  tiio  state,  an  institution  for 
the  deaf  and  dumb  and  blind,  the  Raleigh  Female  Semi- 
nary, a  graded  school,  3  national  banks  (the  capital  of 
which  amounts  to  $700,000),  and  10  churches,  besides  sev- 
eral colored  churches.  Here  are  printing-offices  which  issue 
2  daily  and  4  weekly  newspapers  and  2  weekly  religious 
papers.  This  city  is  the  southern  terminus  of  the  Raleigh 
A  Uaston  Railroad,  which  connects  here  with  the  Raleigh 
A  Augusta  Railroad  and  the  North  Carolina  division  of  the 
Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad.  It  has  2  foundries  and  a 
carriage-factory.     Pop.  in  1880,  9265;  in  1890,  12,678. 

Raleigh,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn.,  on  a  nnr- 
row-gauge  railroad,  near  the  Louisville  <fc  Memphis  Rail- 
road, 9  miles  N.E.  of  Memphis.     It  has  2  churches. 

Raleigh,  a  village  of  Navarro  co.,  Tex.,  16  miles  from 
Corsicana.     It  has  a  church. 

Raleigh  Coiirt-House,  or  Beck'ley,  a  post-vil- 
lage, capital  of  Raleigh  co.,  W.  Va.,  is  about  40  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Charleston,  and  12  miles  from  Quinnimont  Rail- 
road Station.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  a 
grist-mill.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Raleigh  Court- 
Uouse.     Pop.  about  200. 

Raiick,  ri'lik  (or  Ralik)  Chain,  a  series  of  numer- 
ous islands  in  the  Marshall  Archipelago,  Micronesia,  west- 
ward of  and  lying  in  a  chain  nearly  parallel  to  the  Radack 
chain. 

Ralls,  a  county  of  Missouri,  bordering  on  Illinois,  has 
an  area  of  about  480  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  is  intersected  by  Salt  River, 
and  is  partly  drained  by  Spencer's  Creek.  The  surface  is 
undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the 
ash,  elm,  hickory,  white  oak.  black  walnut,  <tc.  The  soil 
is  partly  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  cattle,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  an  abun- 
dance of  Lower  Silurian  and  carboniferous  limestones.  It 
Is  intersected  by  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas,  Hannibal 
&,  St.  Joseph,  and  St.  Louis  &  Hannibal  Railroads,  the  latter 
of  which  connects  with  New  London,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  10,510;  in  1880,  11,838;  in  1890,  12,294. 

Ral'ly  Hill,  apost-bamlet  in  Jefferson  township,  Boone 
CO.,  Ark.     It  has  a  church  and  a  seminary. 

Rally  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Maury  co.,  Tenn.,  near 
Duck  River,  about  12  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Columbia. 

Ralston,  raliz'tpn,  a  post-village  of  Lycoming  eo..  Pa., 
on  Lycoming  Creek,  and  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad, 
24  miles  N.  of  Williamsport.     It  is  a  summer  resort. 

Ralston  Station,  a  post-village  of  Weakley  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Nashville  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  140  miles  W. 
of  Nashville.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Rama,  r&'m&,  or  Ramala,  r&-m^'l&,  a  town  of  Pal- 
estine, 26  miles  N.N.W.  of  Jerusalem.  It  is  supposed  to 
bo  the  ancient  Arimathea.     Pop.  2000. 

Rama,  an  Indian  village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Lake  Couchiching,  45  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bell  Ewart.  It  con- 
tains 2  hotels,  3  stores,  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  500. 

Ramagunga,  a  river  of  India.    See  Ra.mqunga. 

Ramah,  r&'md,  or  £r-Ram,  ir^r&m',  a  village  of 
Palestine,  5  miles  N.  of  Jerusalem. 

Ram^apo',  or  Ramapo  Works,  a  post-village  of 
Rockland  co.,  N.Y.,  is  in  Ramapo  township,  on  a  river  of 
the  same  name,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  17  miles  N.  of 
Paterson,  N.J.,  and  34  miles  N.  by  W.  of  New  York.  It 
bos  a  church,  a  hotel,  a  rolling-mill,  and  a  large  manufac- 


tory of  wheels  for  locomotives  and  cars.  The  valley  of  the 
Ramapo  presents  beautiful  scenery.  The  township  con- 
tains a  village  named  Suflcrn.     Pop.  of  the  township,  6119. 

Ramapo  River  rises  in  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  and  runs 
southward  into  Rcrgcn  co.,  N.J.,  which  it  intornccts.  Jt 
runs  southwestward  through  Passaic  co.,  and  enters  the 
Pompton  River  about  8  miles  N.W.  of  Paterson. 

Rambac,  a  citv  of  Koua<lur,    See  Cuenca. 

Ram  be,  rim-bi',  or  Gil'let,  one  of  the  Feejce  Idandi 
Lat.  16°  24'  S. ;  Ion.  179°  63'  40"  W.  There  is  a  large  iot- 
tlement  on  its  N.W.  side. 

Rambervillers,  r6u*b4u'vo*yA',  a  town  of  France, 
Vosgcs,  on  the  Mortagne,  IC  miles  N.E.  of  Epinal.     1 
4910.     It  has  important  tanneries,  mnnufaeturcs  of  liuci.., 
leather,  ticking,  woollen  hosiery,  and  earthenwares,  and 
extensive  paper-mills. 

Rambia,  La,  towns  of  Spain  and  of  the  island  of  Tcn- 
erifle.    See  La  Ramdla. 

Rambodde,  r&m-bod'd&,  a  sanitarium  in  the  central 
province  of  Ceylon,  34  miles  from  Kandy. 

Ramboiiillct,  r6M'boo*yi'  or  rftw^booryi',  a  town  of 
France,  Scino-et-Oise,  19  miles  S.W.  of  Versailles,  on  the 
railway  from  Paris  to  Chartres.  Pop.  4294.  It  has  a  fine 
ch:\toau,  with  a  large  and  beautiful  park. 

Ram  Das,  a  town  of  India,  Amritsir  district.    P.  5855. 

Ram^droog',  a  town  of  India,  60  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Bejapoor.     Pop.  6543. 

Ram'ea  Islands,  a  group  near  Newfoundland,  10 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Burgeo.     Pop.  185. 

Rame  (raim)  Head,  a  promontory  of  England,  eo. 
of  Cornwall,  bounding  the  entrance  to  Plymouth  Sound  on 
the  W.     Lat.  50°  19'  N.;  Ion.  4°  13'  W. 

Ramel'ton,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Donegal,  on  the 
W.  side  of  Lough  Swilly,  15  miles  W.  of  Londonderry. 

Ra'melton,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co.,  Ind.,  about  40 
miles  S.  of  Indianapolis. 

Ramcr,  Montgomery  CO.,  Ala.    See  Athens. 

Ra'mer,  a  post-hamlet  of  McNairy  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  12  miles  N.  of  Corinth,  Miss. 

Rameshwaram,  India.    See  Ramihseram. 

Ra'mey,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co..  Ark. 

Ramey,  a  post-village  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Tyrone  A  Clearfield  Railroad,  9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Osceola. 

Ramgaon,  r&m-gi-on',  a  village  of  India,  district  of 
Kuniaon,  17  miles  S.  of  Almora. 

Ramghaut,  r&m^gawt',  a  pass  of  India,  leading  from 
the  province  of  Bejapoor  over  the  West  Ghauts  to  the  Por- 
tuguese territories,  of  which  Panjim  is  the  capital. 

Ramgunga,  rim-gilng'ga,  written  also  Jlamagnn* 
ga,  a  river  of  India,  after  a  W.  and  S.  course  of  25U  miles 
joins  the  Ganges  6  miles  N.E.  of  Kanoje. 

Ramgurh,  or  Ramghar,  r&m-gilK',  a  town  of  India, 
in  the  Alvar  state.     Pop.  5581. 

Ram  Head,  a  promontory  of  New  South  AVales,  30 
miles  S.W.  of  Cape  Howe.  Lat.  37°  40'  S. ;  Ion.  149° 
30'  E. 

Ram  Hormooz,Ram  Hormonz,or  Ram  Her- 
muz,  r4m  hor-mooz',  a  town  of  Persia,  in  Khoozistan,  on 
an  affluent  of  the  Jerahi,  82  miles  S.E.  of  Shooster. 

Ramillies,  ram'e-leez  (Fr.  pron.  iti'uieeryee'  or  rI'- 
mee'yee'),  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  South  Brabant,  19  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Louvain.     It  is  noted  for  Marlborough's  victory. 

Ramirez,  ri-mee'ris,  a  wooded  island  in  the  lake  of 
Tamiagua,  Mexico,  S.W.  of  Tampico. 

Ramirez,  Diego,  islands.    See  Diego  Ramirez. 

Ramisseram,  ri-mis's^h-r&m,  Ramis'erum,  or 
Ramesli'waram,  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  Manaar,  off 
the  S.  extremity  of  India.  Lat.  9°  18'  N.;  Ion.  79°  22'  E. 
It  has  a  remarkable  temple,  much  resorted  to  in  pilgrimage, 
and  is  the  scene  of  many  Hindoo  fables.  The  chief  port, 
Paumben,  is  on  its  W.  side.     Pop.  9407. 

Ramleah,  mountains  of  Arabia.    See  Shammar. 

Ram'leh,  a  town  of  Palestine,  22  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Jerusalem,  on  the  route  to  Jaff'a.     Pop.  about  3000. 

Ramnad,  rim-nid',  a  town  of  British  India,  presidency 
of  Madras,  on  the  Vayah  (or  Vygay)  River,  125  miles  N.E. 
of  Cape  Comorin.  Lat.  9°  13'  N. ;  Ion.  78°  56'  E.  It  has 
a  fort,  a  palace,  and  a  Protestant  church. 

Ramne,  rim'nee,  a  snowy  mountain  of  the  Himalayas, 
in  the  N.  of  the  province  of  Kumaon,  50  miles  N.  of  Al- 
mora.   Lat.  30°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  79°  38'  E.    Height,  22,768  feet. 

Ramnug'gur,  a  town  of  India,  Bara  Banki  district, 
25  miles  E.  of  Lucknow.     Pop.  5714. 

Ramnuggur,  a  town  of  India,  on  the  Ganges,  opposite 
Benares.     Pop.  11,953. 

Rampoor,  rim'poor',  a  town  of  India,  in  Ourhwal, 
capital  of  the  state  of  Bussaher,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the 


RAM 


2247 


KAN 


Butlej,  50  miles  E.N.B.  of  Belaspoor.  Lat.  31°  27'  N.  ; 
Ion.  77°  38'  E.  It  is  a  favorite  place  of  Hindoo  pilgrimage, 
and  has  some  commercial  importance.     P.  (1891)  73,530. 

Kampoor,  a  town  of  India,  60  miles  N.  by  \V.  of 
Meorut.     Pop.  8464. 

Kampoor,  a  town  of  India,  in  Alvar  state.     P.  5381. 

Kampoor,  a  native  state  of  India,  surrounded  by 
British  districts  of  the  North-AVest  Provinces.  Lat.  28° 
80'-29°  11'  N. ;  Ion.  78°  55'-79°  30'  E.  Area,  945  square 
miles.  Pop.  507,013.  It  is  governed  by  a  native  chief 
with  the  title  of  nawab. 

Kampoor,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  the  Rampoor 
state.  Lat.  28°  48'  N.;  Ion.  79°  5'  E.  It  is  rudely  fortified, 
has  a  large  mosque,  and  is  densely  peopled.     Pop.  22,921. 

Kampoor  Ileaulcah,  Bengal.    See  Baulkah. 

Kam^ree',  an  island  of  India,  in  Aracan,  N.E.  of  Che- 
duba.  Length,  50  miles;  greatest  breadth,  16  miles.  It 
gives  name  to  a  province,  and  on  it  are  the  towns  of  Ram- 
rce  and  Kyouk  Phyoo. 

Kamree,  a  town  of  British  India,  in  Aracan,  on  Ram- 
ree  Island,  25  miles  S.  of  Kyouk  Phyoo.     Pop.  3663. 

Kamrce,  a  district  of  India,  in  Aracan,  bounded  W. 
by  the  sea.  Area,  4309  square  miles.  Capital,  Kyouk 
Phyoo.     Pop.  144,177. 

Kamsay,  or  Ramsey,  ram'ze,  a  seaport  town  of  the 
Isle  of  Man,  on  its  N.E.  coast,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Ramsay 
River,  in  a  bay  of  the  same  name,  13  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Douglas.     Pop.  3934. 

Ramsay,  or  Ramsey,  ram'ze,  a  post-office  of  Sumter 
CO.,  Ala.,  on  the  Gainesville  Branch  of  the  Mobile  <t  Ohio 
Railroad,  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Gainesville. 

Ramsay,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kossuth  co.,  Iowa. 

Ramsay,  or  Ramsey,  a  hamlet  and  station  of  Mower 
CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  Southern  Minnesota  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul  Railroad,  3  miles 
N.  of  Austin,  and  22  miles  B.  of  Albert  Lea. 

Ramsay,  Ontario.    See  Almonte. 

Ram'saytown,  a  post-office  of  Yancey  co.,  N.C.,  in 
Ramsaytown  township.     Pop.  of  the  township,  452. 

Rams'bottom,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster, 
4  miles  N.  of  Bury,  at  a  railway  junction.  It  has  cotton- 
mills  nnd  print-works.     Pop.  4204. 

Ramsdorf,  rims'doRf,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  West- 
phalia, 33  miles  W.S.W.  of  Munster,  on  the  Aa.  Pop.  1134. 

Ramsey,  ram'ze,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  10  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Huntingdon.     Pop.  2378. 

Ramsey,  Isle  of  Man.    See  Ramsat. 

Ramsey,  ram'ze,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Minne- 
sota, has  an  area  of  about  162  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  S.  by  the  Mississippi  River.  The  surface  is  diversi- 
fied with  prairies,  groves,  and  small  lakes.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile. Wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products. 
Magnesian  limestone,  a  good  material  for  building,  crops 
out  at  St.  Paul,  which  is  the  capital  of  this  county.  It  is 
traversed  by  a  number  of  railroads.  Pop.  in  1870,  2.3,085  ; 
in  1875,  36,333;  in  1880,  45,890;  in  1890,  139,796. 

Ramsey,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  North  Dakota, 
has  an  area  of  about  936  square  miles.  Its  S.  boundary 
is  formed  principally  by  Lake  Minni  Wakan  (Devils  Lake), 
which  lies  between  it  and  Benson  co.  Capital,  Devils  Lake. 
Pop.  in  1880,  281 ;  in  1890,  4418. 

Ramsey,  Sumter  co.,  Ala.    See  Ramsat. 

Ramsey,  a  post-village  in  Ramsey  township,  Fayette 
CO.,  III.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  12  miles  N.  of 
A'andalia,  and  50  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Decatur.  It  has  3 
churches.     Pop.  about  600 ;  of  the  township,  1862. 

Ramsey,  a  township  of  Anoka  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  325. 

Ramsey  Isle,  an  islet  off  the  coast  of  South  Wales, 
CO.  of  Pembroke,  at  the  N.  point  of  St.  Bride's  Bay,  3  miles 
Vf.  of  St.  Davids,    Length,  2  miles. 

Ram'sey's,  a  post-village  in  Hohokus  township,  Ber- 
gen CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Paterson. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  foundry,  and  a  carriage-shop.  Pop. 
about  500. 

Rams'gate,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  on  the  E. 
coast  of  the  Isle  of  Thanet,  67  miles  E.S.E.  of  London,  and 
15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Canterbury.  Pop.  24,676.  The  town 
is  situated  on  the  declivity  and  summits  of  two  hills,  and 
on  the  interval,  or  gate,  between  them.  It  has  a  modern 
Gothic  church,  market-  and  custom-house,  a  bank,  bar- 
racks, assembly-rooms,  baths,  and  bazaars.  Its  artificial 
haven,  formed  by  two  stone  piers  projecting  from  1500  to 
2000  feet  into  the  sea,  encloses  an  inner  basin,  and  is  bor- 
dered by  wet  and  dry  docks.  Ramsgate  is  a  member  of 
the  cinque  port  of  Sandwich,  and  has  some  coasting-trade, 
fisheries,  and  imports  of  eggs,  fruit,  and  other  provisions 
from  France  and  the  Netherlands. 


Ram's  Island,  a  small  island  of  Ireland,  co.  and  8} 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Antrim,  about  1  i  miles  from  the  shore. 

Ram's  Islands,  a  group  of  islands  in  Placentia  Bay, 
Newfoundland,  10  miles  from  Little  Placentia.     Pop.  133. 

Ramstadt,  rUm'st&tt,  Upper  and  Lower,  two  con- 
tiguous villages  of  the  grand  duchy  of  Hesse,  province  of 
Starkenburg,  on  the  Modau,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Darmstadt. 
United  pop.  3907. 

Ram  stein,  rim'stine,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  in  the 
Palatinate,  near  Landstuhl.     Pop.  1391. 

Ram  'JTeak,  a  town  of  India,  Central  Provinces,  24 
miles  N.E.  of  Nagpoor.     Pop.  7933. 

Ranaghat,  rin-a-gawt',  a  town  of  Bengal,  Nuddea  dis- 
trict, 50  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Calcutta.     Pop.  8871. 

llanai,  ril'np,  written  also  lianai,  l^'nP,  one  of  the 
Hawaiian  Islands,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  W.  of  Mowee.  Lat. 
20°  44'  N. ;  Ion.  156°  63'  W.  Length,  20  miles ;  breadth, 
10  miles.     Pop.  348. 

Ranaleburg,  ran'al-biirg,  a  post-office  of  Mecklen- 
burg CO.,  N.C.,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Charlotte. 

Raneagua,  r&n-k&'gw&,  a  town  of  Chili,  province  of 
O'Higgins,  45  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Santiago.     Pop.  7000. 

Ranee,  r6\ss,  a  river  of  France,  department  of  Avey- 
ron,  tributary  to  the  Tarn.     Length,  25  miles. 

Ranee,  a  river  of  France,  in  Ille-et-Vilaine  and  COten- 
du-Nord,  after  a  N.  course  of  50  miles,  enters  the  English 
Channel  at  Saint-Malo. 

Raneh,  a  post-office  of  Kane  co.,  Utah. 

RanVhee',  or  Ranchi,  ran^chee',  a  town  of  India, 
capital  of  Lohardaga  district  and  of  Chuta-Nagpoor  divis- 
ion. Lat.  23°  22'  N. ;  Ion.  85°  23'  E.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  library,  hospital,  and  jail,  and  a  good  trade.     Pop.  12,086. 

Ranch'es  of  Ta'os,  a  post-village  of  Taos  co..  New 
Mexico,  about  140  miles  from  Trinidad,  Col.  It  has  a 
church  and  3  flouring-mills.  It  is  built  of  adobe  (sun- 
dried  bricks).     Pop.  about  1600,  mostly  Mexicans. 

Ranchito,  r3.n-chee'to,  post-office,  Los  Angeles  co.,  CaL 

Rancho,  rin'cho,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gonzales  co.,  Tex. 

Ranch  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  hamlet  of  Brazoria  co., 
Tex.,  9  miles  from  Oyster  Creek  Station.   It  has  2  churches. 

Ranco'cas,  a  post-village  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  1 
mile  from  Rancocas  Creek,  2  miles  from  Masonville  Station, 
and  5  miles  W.  of  Mount  Holly.     It  has  3  churches. 

Rancocas  Creek,  New  Jersey,  runs  nearly  westward 
through  Burlington  co.,  and  enters  the  Delaware  River 
about  10  miles  above  Philadelphia.  A  creek  called  the 
South  Branch  enters  the  Rancocas  3  or  4  miles  below  Mt. 
Holly.  The  upper  part  of  the  main  stream  is  sometimes 
called  the  North  Branch,  Small  vessels  can  ascend  it  to 
Mt.  Holly,  about  14  miles. 

Ran^on,  r6N»^s6No',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ilaute- 
Vienne,  on  the  Gartempe,  6  miles  E.  of  Bellac.    Pop.  1972. 

Randalia,  ran-dal'ya,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co., 
Iowa,  in  Centre  township,  on  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids 
&  Northern  Railroad.  27i  miles  N.  of  Independence. 

Ran'dall,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  of  the  Panhandle  of 
Texas.     Area,  900  square  miles.     Pop.  in  1890,  187. 

Randall,  a  post-office  of  Dorsey  co..  Ark.,  about  20 
miles  S.  of  Pine  Bluff. 

Randall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
South  Skunk  River,  and  on  the  Des  Moines  <Sc  Minneapolis 
Railroad,  54  miles  N.  of  Des  Moines. 

Randall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saginaw  co.,  Mich.,  at  For. 
ter's  Station  on  the  Saginaw  Valley  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad, 
17  miles  W.  of  Saginaw.  It  has  a  church  and  a  stave- 
factory. 

Randall,  a  station  in  Swift  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  Chippewa 
River,  and  on  the  St.  Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad,  7  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Benson. 

Randall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Erie  Canal,  and  on  the  Mohawk,  opposite  Yost's  Station 
of  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Fonda. 

Randall,  a  post-office  of  Cuyahoga  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Atlantic  <fc  Great  Western  Railroad,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Cleveland. 

Randall,  a  post-office  of  Monongalia  co.,  W.  Va. 

Randall,  a  township  of  Kenosha  co..  Wis.     Pop.  549. 

Randall  Road,  a  post-office  of  Niagara  co  ,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Lake  Ontario  Shore  Railroad,  2i  miles  N.E.  of  Ran- 
somville. 

Randall's,  a  station  of  the  Jersey  City  &  Albany  Rail 
road,  21  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City,  N.J. 

Randall's  lllutf,  a  post-office  of  Winston  co..  Miss., 
24  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Macon. 

Ran'dallstown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md., 
about  12  miles  N.W.  of  Baltimore.     Pop.  100. 

Rau'dallsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y., 


^AX 


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in  Lebanon  township,  on  the  Oswego  Midland  Railrond,  at 
Smith's  Valley  Station,  10  miles  N.  of  Norwich.  It  has  a 
ehuroh  and  a  ohoese-factory.  On  the  opposite  side  of  the 
ChcimnKo  llivor  is  a  hamlet  called  Middlcport. 

Kan'dnlstuwn,  a  market-town  of  Ireland,  oo.  and  5 
milo.i  W.N.W.  of  Antrim,  on  the  Main,  near  its  mouth  in 
Lough  Kongh.     Pop,  604. 

llnndan,  rAN"M6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy-de- 
Dfiine,  21  miles  N.N.K.  of  Clermont-Ferrand.     Pop.  1803, 

Ilniidazzo,  r&n-d&t'so,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  of 
Ciitania,  at  the  N.W,  foot  of  Mount  Etna.     Pop,  7U45. 

Uniidcrath,  r&n'd^h-r&t^  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, 18  miles  N.N.K.  of  Ai-K-la-Charelle.     Pop.  1885. 

Randers,  r&n'd^rs,  a  town  of  Denmark,  Jutiuiid,  22 
miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Aarhuus,  with  a  port  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Ouden  in  the  Cattegat.  Pop.  11,354.  It  has  ship- 
building docks,  and  manufactures  of  gloves. 

Itaiidcrsacker,  r&n'd^r-sik'k^r,  a  town  of  Bavaria, 
on  the  Main,  3  miles  S.E.  of  WUrzburg.     Pop.  1450. 

llan'dol,  township.  Cape  Girardeau  oo..  Mo.     P.  1534. 

Ran'dolph,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Alabama,  bor- 
dering on  Georgia,  has  nn  area  of  about  599  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Tallapoosa  River,  and  is  also  drained 
by  the  Little  Tallapoosa.  The  surface  is  uneven,  and  a  large 
part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  i)artly  fertile. 
Cotton,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  pork  arc  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. The  S.  part  of  this  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Central  Railroad  of  Georgia.  Capital,  Wedowee.  Pop.  in 
1870,  12.000;  in  1880,  16,575;  in  1890,  17,219. 

Randolph,  a  northeastern  county  of  Arkansas,  bor- 
ders on  Missouri.  Area,  about  622  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Big  Black  River,  is  bounded  on  the  S.W. 
by  Spring  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Current  and 
Eleven  Points  Rivers.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is 
extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  white  oak,  hickory, 
ash,  black  walnut,  <fcc.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  cotton,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Si- 
lurian limestone  underlies  part  of  the  soil.  This  county  is 
crossed  in  its  S.E.  corner  by  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain 
&  Southern  Railroad.  Capital,  Pocahontas.  Pop.  in  1870, 
7406;  in  1880,  11,724;  in  1890,  14,485. 

Randolph,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Georgia,  has 
an  area  of  about  449  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  Ichawaynochaway  Creek,  and  also  drained  by  Pataula 
Creek.  The.  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it 
is  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  oak,  hickory,  and  other 
trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Central  Railroad  of  Georgia,  two  branches  of  -which  connect 
with  Cuthbert,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,561;  in  1880, 
13..341;  in  1890,  15,267. 

Randolph,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Illinois,  bor- 
dering on  Missouri,  has  an  area  of  about  560  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and 
intersected  by  the  Kaskaskia  River,  which  enters  the  former 
at  Chester.  The  surface  is  partly  undulating  and  partly 
hilly,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  white  ash, 
hickory,  black  walnut,  elm,  white  oak,  honey-locust,  tulip- 
tree,  <fcc.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats, 
hay,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its 
mineral  resources  are  bituminous  coal  and  limestone,  a  good 
material  for  building.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Chester  &  Western,  Mobile  <t  Ohio,  Centralia  A  Chester, 
Wabash,  and  St.  Louis,  Alton  A  Terre  Haute  Railroads. 
Capital,  Chester.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,859;  in  1880,  25,690; 
in  1890,  25,049. 

Randolph,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Indiana,  border- 
ing on  Ohio,  has  an  area  of  about  460  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Mississinewa  River,  and  also  drained  by 
the  White  River  (or  its  West  Fork),  which  rises  in  this 
county.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  about  one-third 
of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  deciduous  trees.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the 
Btaple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Grand 
Rapids  A  Indiana,  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  A  St. 
Louis,  and  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  A  St.  Louis  Rail- 
roads. Capital,  Winchester.  Pop.  in  1870,  22,862;  in 
1880,  26,435;  in  1890,  28,085. 

Randolph,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Missouri, 
has  an  area  of  about  470  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  East  Fork  of  Chariton  River,  and  also  dniined  by  the 
Middle  Branch  and  the  South  Fork  of  Salt  River,  and  by 
Bonne  Femrae  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is 
diversified  by  prairies  and  tracts  of  good  timber.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  tobacco,  cattle,  and  pork  are 
the  staples.  This  county  has  mines  of  bituminous  coal  and 
beds  of  limestone.    It  is  traversed  by  the  Wabash  Railroad, 


the  Chicago  A  Alton  Railroad,  and  the  MiHSouri,  Kiinnns  A 
Texas  Railroad.  Capital,  llunUvillo.  Pop.  in  1870,  16,908 ■ 
in  1880,  22,751  ;  in  1890,  24,893. 

Randolph,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  North 
Curolinii,  lias  an  urea  of  about  750  squiire  iiiilcH.  It  in  io- 
tersected  by  Deep  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Ubaree 
River.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  hills  and  extensive 
forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
cattle,  and  pork  are  the  shiple  i)roducts.  Among  the  min- 
erals of  this  county  are  gold,  quartz,  and  slate.  It  i.s  inter- 
sected by  the  Richmond  A  Danville  and  Capo  Fear  A  Yad- 
kin Valley  Railroads.  Capital,  Ashborough.  Pop.  in  1870, 
17.561  ;  in  1880,  20,836;  in  1890,  25,195. 

Randolph,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  West  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  1176  square  miles.  It  i«  drained  by 
the  Client  and  Tygart's  Valky  Rivers,  and  3  brunches  of 
the  Cheat,  namely,  the  Glade  Fork,  Laurel  Fork,  and  Dry 
Fork,  which  rise  in  it.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  several 
long  j)arallel  ridges  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains',  one  of 
which  is  onlled  Cheat  Mountain.  Here  arc  foreiits,  in  which 
the  ash,  hickory,  oak,  sugar-maple,  and  tulip-tree  abound. 
The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile,  and  jiroducca  Indian  corn, 
oats,  Ac.  Among  its  minerals  are  limestone  and  slate. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  two  branches  of  the  West 
Virginia  Central  A  Pittsburg  Railroad,  one  of  which  con- 
nects with  Beverly,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  5503;  in 
1880,  8102;  in  1890,  11,633. 

Randolph,  a  post-village  of  Bibb  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Schna,  Rome  A  Dalton  Railroad,  40  miles  N.  by  E,  of 
SeUna.    It  has  2  churches.    It  is  surrounded  by  pine  forests. 

Randolph,  a  jiost-hamlet  in  Randolph  townsliip,  Mc- 
Lean CO.,  Ill,,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroaii,  0  miles  S,  of 
Bloomington,  It  has  a  cliurch.  The  townahip  contains  a 
village  named  iley worth.     Pop.  of  the  townslii|),  lyjS. 

Randolph,  Randolph  co.,  HI.     See  Biikmk."*. 

Randolph,  a  townsliip  of  Ohio  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  3475. 

Randolph,  a  post-oiBce  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind.,  at  Deer- 
field  Station. 

Randolph,  a  townsliip  of  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
948.     It  contains  Romney. 

Randolph,  a  po-'t-village  of  Riley  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Big  Blue  River,  20  miles  S.  of  Waterville,  and  about  22 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Manhattan.    It  has  2  churches,  andmann-   i 
factories  of  furniture  and  wagons. 

Randolph,  a  post-hamlet  of  Metcalfe  co.,  Ky.,  14  miles 
E.  of  Glasgow. 

Randolph,  a  post-village  in  Randolph  township,  Nor- 
folk CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of 
Boston.  It  contains  3  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  fine 
town  house,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  savings- 
bank,  and  several  largo  manufactories  of  boots  and  shoes. 
The  township  is  intersected  by  2  branches  of  the  Old  Colony 
Railroad,  and  has  a  pop.  of  4064. 

Randolph,  a  township  of  Dakota  co.,  Minn.    P.  184. 

Randolph,  a  post-ofiice  of  Pontotoc  co..  Miss. 

Randolph,  a  village  of  Clay  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri 
River,  about  6  miles  below  Kansas  City. 

Randolph,  Randolph  co..  Mo.    See  Renick. 

Randolph,  township,  St.  Francois  co..  Mo.     Pop.  676. 

Randolph,  a  township  of  Coos  co.,  N.IL,  5  miles  AV, 
of  Gorham.  Its  S.  boundary  is  close  to  Mount  Adams  and 
Mount  Madison.     Pop.  138. 

Randolph,  a  township  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.    P.  450. 

Randolph,  a  township  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.    Pop.  5111. 

Randolph,  a  post-village  in  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Atlantic  A  Great  Western  Railroad,  16  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Jamestown,  and  about  52  miles  S.  of  Buffalo.  It  contains 
4  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  bank,  the  Chamberlain 
Institute,  several  hotels,  and  a  steam  saw-mill.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1201.  The  township  contains  another  village, 
named  East  Randolph,  and  a  total  pop.  of  (1890)  2448. 

Randolph,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  0.    P.  2077. 

Randolph,  a  post-village  in  Randolph  township.  Port- 
age CO.,  0.,  10  miles  S.  of  Ravenna,  and  18  miles  N.N.E.^f 
Canton.     The  township  has  5  churches.     Pop.  1564. 

Randolph,  a  post-village  of  Coos  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  at  the  mouth  of  Coquille  River,  about  70  miles 
W.  of  Roseburg.     It  has  2  lumber-mills  and  a  gold-mine. 

Randolph,  a  post-township  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  about 
8  miles  E.  of  Meadville.     Pop.  1732. 

Randolph,  a  post-village  of  Tipton  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Big  Ilatchie,  32 
miles  N.  of  Memphis.  It  has  1  or  2  churches  and  several 
Stores.     Pop.  about  250. 

Randolph,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Rich  oo.,  Utah,  on 
Bear  River,  about  36  miles  N.N.W.  of  Evanston,  Wyoming. 
Pop.  in  1890,  about  600. 


RAN 


2249 


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Randolph)  a  post-village  in  Randolph  township, 
Orange  cc,  Vt.,  about  25  miles  S.  of  Montpelier,  and  3 
iniles°E.  of  Randolph  Station,  which  is  at  West  Randolph. 
It  contains  3  churches  and  a  state  normal  school.  It  is 
often  called  Randolph  Centre.  The  township  is  drained  by 
two  branches  of  Black  River,  and  contains  a  larger  village, 
named  West  Randolph.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2829. 

Randolph,  a  station  in  Charlotte  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Rich- 
mond &  Danville  Railroad,  86i  miles  S.W.  of  Richmond. 

Randolph,  township,  Columbia  oo.,  AVis.     Pop.  1186. 

Randolph,  a  post-village  of  Dodge  co.,  Wis.,  on  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  and  on  the  bound- 
ary between  Dodge  and  Columbia  cos.,  2.3i  miles  E.  of  Portage 
City.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school, 
and  a  steam  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  500. 

Randolph  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y., 
about  10  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Binghamton. 

Randolph  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Randolph  town- 
ship, Columbia  co..  Wis.,  about  18  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Por- 
tage City.     It  has  a  church. 

Ran'dom  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sheboygan  co.. 
Wis.,  on  the  AVisconsin  Central  Railroad,  38  miles  N.  of 
North  Milwaukee  Station.     Here  is  a  small  lake. 

Ran 'do  m  Sound,  a  narrow  passage  on  the  W.  side 
of  Trinity  Bay,  Newfoundland,  separating  Random  Island 
from  the  mainland.     It  is  about  10  miles  long. 

Ran'don,  a  station  in  Fort  Bend  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Gal- 
veston, Ilarrisburg  &  San  Antonio  Railroad,  9i  miles  W. 
by  S.  of  Richmond. 

Ran'don  Creek,  of  Monroe  co.,  Ala.,  flows  into  the 
Alabama  River. 

Randow,  rin'dov,  a  river  of  Prussia,  flows  N.,  and  joins 
the  Ucker  in  Pomerania.     Length,  70  miles. 

Raned,  ri'ni-o,  a  river  of  Sweden,  rises  in  Norrbotten, 
flows  S.S.E.,  and^  after  a  course  of  about  130  miles,  falls 
into  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia  18  miles  N.  of  LuleA. 

Rancah,  ri'n^^i,  a  town  of  India,  province  of  Ajmeer, 

14  miles  W.  of  Sirsa.     Near  it  is  an  immense  lake. 
Ra'nee  Ben^noor',  a  town  of  India,  district  and  75 

miles  S.E.  of  Darwar.     Pop.,  with  Karimpoor,  11,623. 

Rancegunge,  or  Raniganj,  ri'nee-gunj',  a  town  of 
Bengal,  Burdwan  district,  on  the  Dammoodah  River,  100 
miles  by  rail  N.AV.  of  Calcutta.  Here  coal  is  extensively 
mined  for  shipment  by  rail  or  river.  Iron  ore  abounds 
near  it.     Pop.  6562;  or,  including  close  suburbs,  19,578. 

Raneegunge,  or  Raniganj,  a  town  of  Bengal, 
Purneah  district,  16  miles  W.  of  Basantpoor.  Pop.,  with 
adjacent  villages,  6144. 

Ranelagh,  ran'e-lah,  a  suburb  of  the  Irish  metropolis, 
li  miles  S.S.E.  of  Dublin  Castle. 

Ranenborg,  ri'n5n-boRg\  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment and  85  miles  S.  of  Riazan.     Pop.  4694. 

Ranes,  rin,  a  village  of  France,  in  Orne,  11  miles 
S.AV.  of  Argentan.     Pop.  of  commune,  2104. 

Rangatira,  rin-ga-tee'ri,  or  Southeast  Island, 
one  of  the  three  which  form  the  group  of  Chatham  Islands. 
Lat.  44°  20'  S. ;  Ion.  176°  29'  E. 

Range,  ranj,  township.  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn.     P.  376. 

Range,  a  post-township  of  Madison  co.,  0.  Pop.  1367. 
Range  Post-Office  is  at  Danville. 

Rangeley,  ranj'lee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co., 
Me.,  in  Rangeley  township,  about  40  miles  N.W.  of  Farm- 
ington.  It  has  several  saw-mills.  The  township  is  bounded 
on  the  S.  by  Lake  Oquossuc,  7  miles  long.  Pop.  of  town- 
ship, about  600. 

Rangeley  Lakes,  a  chain  of  lakes  in  the  W.  part  of 
Maine,  in  Franklin  and  Oxford  cos.  They  are  severally 
designated  Rangeley,  Cupsuptic,  Mooselucmaguntic,  Mole- 
ehunkamunk  or  Upper  Richardson,  Lower  Richardson,  and 
Umbagog.  The  last  is  partly  in  New  Hampshire.  These 
lakes  are  connected  by  straits  or  short  streams,  and  form 
a  continuous  water  communication  for  about  60  miles. 
Game  and  fish  abound  in  this  region. 

Rangeley  Plantation,  a  township  of  Franklin  oo.. 
Me.     Pop.  45. 

Rangendingen,  ring'^n-ding^^n,  a  village  of  Prus- 
sia, in  Hohenzollern,  on  the  Starzel,  4  miles  N.W.  of 
Ilechingen.     Pop.  1245. 

Ranger,  ran'j§r,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  Ind,,  about 

15  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Cannelton. 

Rangi>Haute,  rauo'zhe-hat'  (?),  or  Pitt,  an  island 
of  the  South  Pacific,  Chatham  group,  in  lat.  44°  15'  S., 
Ion.  176°  60'  E.     Length,  7  miles;  breadth,  about  3  miles. 

Rangi-Toto,  ring-ghe-to'to,  the  westernmost  of  the 

group  of  islands  forming  the  N.AV.  entrance  to  the  Road 

of  Auckl.and,  North  Island,  New  Zealand.     Lat.  36°  45' 

B.;  Ion.  174°  50'  E.     It  is  of  volcanic  origin.    Highest 

142 


peak,  920  feet  above  the  sea.  In  its  centre  is  a  very  per- 
fect crater,  about  160  feet  deep. 

Rangoon,  or  Rangoun,  r&ng^goon',  a  town  of  India, 
capital  of  British  Burmah  and  of  Rangoon  district,  on  the 
E.  arm  of  the  Irrawaddy.  Lat.  16°  46'  N. ;  Ion.  96°  17'  E. 
A  railway  connects  it  with  Prome.  It  has  a  great  trade  in 
rice,  cotton,  petroleum,  and  teak  timber,  is  the  seat  of  an 
Anglican  bishop,  has  a  great  prison,  a  splendid  Booddhist 
temple,  a  Baptist  college  and  theological  school,  is  accessibl6 
to  large  ships,  and  is  the  centre  of  important  traffic  by  tho 
river.     Pop.  in  1881,  134,176;  in  1891,  181,210. 

Rangoon,  a  former  maritime  district  of  British  Bur-, 
mah,  in  Pegu,  bad  an  area  of  5691  square  miles.  It  is  now 
conterminous  with  the  town  of  the  same  name. 

Rangpur,  Bengal.    See  Rungpoou. 

Ranianburg,  Russia.    See  Oranienbcrg. 

Rani- Gat,  ri'nee-git',  or  Rani-Gark,  India,  an 
isolated  height  W.  of  the  Indus,  above  Attock,  rising  about 
1000  feet  above  the  surrounding  plain.  It  is  crowned  by  a 
ruined  fortress,  and  supposed  to  be  the  celebrated  Aornut 
captured  by  Alexander  the  Great. 

Ranigunj,  a  town  of  Bengal.    See  Raneegunge. 

Rank'in,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Missis- 
sippi, has  an  area  of  about  755  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.W.  and  W.  by  the  Pearl  River,  and  is  partly 
drained  by  Strong  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests 
of  the  hickory,  magnolia,  oak,  beech,  elm,  pine,  and  other 
trees.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and 
cattle  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  a  division  of  the  Queen  &  Crescent  Route,  which  con- 
nects with  Brandon,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,977;  in 
1880,  16,762;  in  1890,  17,922. 

Rankin,  a  post-village  of  Vermilion  co..  111.,  in  Butler 
township,  on  the  Lafayette,  Muncie  &  Bloomington  Rail- 
road, 11  miles  E.  of  Paxton.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,, 
and  a  money-order  post-office.     Pop.  about  300. 

Rankin,  a  post-village  in  Renfrew  co.,  Ontario,  12 
miles  from  Pembroke.     Pop.  100. 

Rankin's  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Cocke  co.,  Tenn., 
on  French  Broad  River,  and  on  the  Cincinnati,  Cumberr 
land  Gap  <fc  Charleston  Railroad,  16  miles  S.  of  Morristown. 
It  has  2  churches,  2  grist-mills,  2  saw-mills,  and  2  stores. 

Rankin's  Mills,  or  Ben'ton,  a  post-village  in  Carle- 
ton  CO.,  New  Brunswick,  on  a  railway,  19  miles  S.  of  Wood- 
stock.    Pop.  200. 

Rankweil,  rlnk'wil,  a  town  of  Austria-Hungary,  in 
Tyrol,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Feldkireh.     Pop.  2410. 

Rannoch,  Loch,  Scotland.    See  Loch  Rannocii. 

Rann's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  in  Perry  township,  Shia- 
wassee CO.,  Mich.,  about  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lansing.  It 
has  manufactures  of  flour,  carriages,  and  lumber. 

Ransart,  r&n'sant,  a  villlage  of  Belgium,  in  Ilainaut, 

3  miles  N.N.E.  of  Charleroi.     Pop.  3200. 
Ransbeek,  r&ns'bik,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Brabant, 

6  miles  N.  of  Brussels. 

Ran'80ni,a  county  in  the  E.  part  c>f  North  Dakota, 
has  an  area  of  about  864  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Sheyenne  River.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Capital,  Lisbon.  Pop. 
in  1880,  637;  in  1890,  5393. 

Ransom,  a  post-village  in  Allen  township,  La  Salle 
CO  ,  111.,  10  miles  E.  of  Streator,  and  79  miles  from  Chicago. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Ransom,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Hillsdale  co., 
Mich.,  on  Silver  Creek,  about  28  miles  W.S.W.  of  Adrian, 
and  11  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Hillsdale.     The  township  contains 

4  churches.     Pop.  1539 ;  of  the  village,  about  300. 

Ransom,  a  township  of  Nobles  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  175. 

Ransom,  a  post-hamlet  in  Ransom  township,  Lacka- 
wanna CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  tho 
Pennsylvania  <fc  New  York  Railroad,  15  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
AVilkesbarre.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  AV.  by  the 
Susquehanna  River.     Pop.  603. 

Ransom's  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nash  co.,  N.C., 
20  miles  N.W.  of  Battleborough.     It  has  a  church. 

Ran'somville,  a  post-village  in  Porter  township,  Niag- 
ara CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Lake  Ontario  Shore  Railroad,  9  miles 
from  Lewiston,  and  about  24  miles  N.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  3 
churches,  4  general  stores,  a  carriage-shop,  a  stave-  and 
heading-factory,  Ac. 

Rantoul,  ran-tool',  a  post-borough  of  Champaign  co., 
111.,  on  the  N.  border  of  Rantoul  township,  on  the  Illinois 
Central  Railroad  (Chicago  division),  and  on  the  Havana, 
Rantoul  &  Eastern  Railroad,  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Champaign, 
and  114  miles  S.  by  AV.  of  Chicago.  It  has  6  churches,  a 
money -order  post-office,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school, 
a  banking-house,  a  flouring-mill,  and  many  fine  residences 


RAN 


2350 


HAS 


Pop.  in  1890,  1074;  of  the  toirnship,  2301.     Kantoul  ia 
partly  in  Ludlow  township. 

Hantoul)  a  post-offlM  of  Franklin  eo.,  Ranaas. 

Unntoul,  a  townahip  of  Culutnot  oo.,  Wia.     Pup.  1500. 

KnntowleS)  run-t6wh',  a,  post-ofHoo  and  station  of 
Colleton  CO.,  S.C,  on  tlio  SuvannuL  A  Charleston  Kailroad, 
Hi  milea  W.  of  Charlustun. 

Raon-l'EtapCf  r&'6N"'-IJk-t&p',  a  town  of  Fmnoe,  in 
Vosges,  on  the  Meurtho,  lU  miles  J>(.N.W.  of  Saint-Did.  It 
has  foundries  and  manufactures  of  orookory  and  straw  hats. 
Pop.  36U1.  Raon-aitx-Uois,  r&^6N«'u-bw&,  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Vosges,  is  10  uiilos  from  Epinal.  Pop.  1806. 
'  Kaoiil,  an  island  in  the  Pociflo.    See  Su.nday. 

ICapa,  an  island  of  the  Pacific.    See  Opaho. 

RapallUj  r&-p&rio,  a  seaport  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Genoa,  finely  situated  on  a  bay  of 
the  Mediterranean.  Pop.  5352.  In  its  collegiate  church 
are  some  good  paintings  and  curious  inscriptions.  It  has 
A  thriving  trade  in  olive  oil,  and  a  manufactory  of  lace. 

Raphael)  ru'fu-61,  a  post-ofiico  of  Iberville  parish,  La., 
en  the  Mississippi  Hivor,  5  miles  below  Plaquemine. 

Raphia,  a  town  of  Palestine.    See  Rafa. 

Rnplio,  rah'fo,  a  township  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.   P.  3483. 

Ruphoe,  ra-fo',  an  episoopal  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Uonogal,  54  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lifford.  Pop.  1021.  It  has 
a  market-place,  a  cathedral,  an  episcopal  palace,  a  deanery, 
a  free  school,  and  a  public  library. 

Raphtij  raftoe,  a,  harbor  of  Greece,  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Attica,  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Athens.  It  is  believed  to  have 
been  the  ancient  Panormua. 

Rap4dan%  a  river  of  Virginia,  rises  on  the  southeast- 
ern slope  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  and  has  a  general  eastward 
direction.  It  forms  the  boundary  between  the  cos.  of 
Greene  and  Orange  on  the  right  and  Madison  and  Culpeper 
on  the  left,  and  enters  the  Rappahannock  about  10  miles 
above  Fredericksburg. 

Rapidan,  a  post-township  of  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn., 
about  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mankato.     Pop.  in  1890,  1060. 

Rapidan  Station,  a  post-village  of  Culpeper  co.,  Vn., 
on  the  llapidnn  River,  5J  miles  by  mil  N.  of  Orange  Court- 
House.     It  hns  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Rap'id  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pennington 
CO.,  S.D.,  45  miles  by  mil  S.S.E.  of  Deadwood.  It  has  7 
churches,  4  banks,  5  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures 
of  building-material,  stucco,  cement,  tiles,  fire-brick,  &c. 
Here  is  the  state  school  of  mines.     Pop.  in  1890,  2128. 

Rapid  Creek,  South  Dakota,  runs  S.E.  into  Nebraska, 
and  enters  the  Niobrara  River  in  Ion.  100°  23'  W. 

Rapides,  r&^peed',  a  parish  of  Louisiana,  is  near  the 
middle  of  the  state.  Area,  about  1495  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Calcasieu  and  Red  Rivers,  and  bounded 
on  the  N.E.  by  Saline  Bayou.  The  surface  is  nearly  level 
or  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of 
pine  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  sugar- 
cane, Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
Capital,  Alexandria.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Texas  &  Pacific 
Railroad,  the  Kansas  City,  Watkins  A  Gulf  Railroad,  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  and  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Moun- 
tain <t  Southern  Railroad.  Pop.  in  1870,  18,015;  in  1880, 
23,563;  in  1890,  27,642. 

Jlapides,  a  township  of  Halifax  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  2574. 

Rapides  des  Joachims,  r&'pccd'  dd  zho'&'k&N<>', 
or  Ab'erdeen',  a  post-village  in  Pontiac  co.,  Quebec,  on 
»he  Ottawa  River,  45  miles  above  Pembroke,  Ontario.  It 
has  3  stores.     Pop.  80. 

Rapid  River,  township,  Kalkaska  co.,  Mich.     P.  235. 

Rap'ids,  a  township  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1332, 
exclusive  of  Cedar  Rapids. 

Rapids,  a  post-village  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Tonawanda  River,  5  miles  N.  of  Clarence  Centre,  and  about 
22  miles  N.E.  of  Bufl"aIo.     It  has  a  church. 

Rapids,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hiram  township.  Portage  co., 
0.,  on  the  Cuyahoga  River,  about  33  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cleve- 
land.    It  has  a  church. 

Rapids  City,  a  post-village  in  Hampton  township, 
Rock  Island  co.,  III.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the 
Western  Union  Railroad,  14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rock  Island. 
It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  a  flouring-mill,  and  some 
coal-mines.     Pop.  in  lg80,  920  ;  in  1890,  288. 

Rapino,  ri-pce'no,  or  Rapini,  ri-pee'nee, a  town  of 
Italy,  province  and  S.  of  Chieti.     Pop.  2309. 

Rapoiano,  r&-po-l&'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  18  miles 
from  Siena.     Pop.  3952. 

Rapolla,  ri-pol'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basilicata,  IJ 
miles  S.E.  of  Melfi.     Pop.  3511. 

Rapozos,  ri.-po'zoce,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state  of 
Ifinas-Geracs,  50  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ouro  Preto. 


Rap^pahan'nock,  a  river  of  Virginia,  rises  near  th« 
base  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  and  runs  southeastward.  The  part 
of  it  above  the  mouth  of  the  Rapidan  is  aomotimcs  called 
North  River,  or  the  North  Fork,  ond  forms  the  boundary 
between  the  co*.  of  Culpeper  and  Fauquier.  It  moots  the 
tide  at  Fredericksburg,  where  it  becomes  navigable.  It 
subsequently  forms  the  N.E.  boundary  of  Caroline,  Essex, 
and  Middlesex  cos.,  and  enters  Chesapeake  Bay  between 
Stingray  and  Windmill  Points.     It  is  about  125  miles  long. 

Rappahannock,  a  oounty  in  the  N.  part  of  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  270  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  the  Blue  Ridge,  and  is  drained  by  llazol  River, 
Thornton  River,  and  the  North  Fork  of  the  Kappahunnook, 
which  follows  its  N.E.  boundary.  The  surface  is  divcrsilled 
by  hills  and  fertile  valleys.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  cattle,  nnd 
grass  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Washington.  Pup. 
in  1870,  8261 ;  in  1880,  9291 ;  in  1890,  8678. 

Rappahannock  Academy,  a  post-office  of  Caroline 
00.,  Va. 

Rappahannock  Station,  a  post-office  of  Fauonier 
CO.,  Va.,  on  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  11  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Culpeper. 

Rappcrschwyl,  r&p'p^r-shwir,  or  Rapperswcil, 
rip'p^rs-'ftir,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  St.  Gall,  on 
the  Lake  of  Zurich.     Pop.  2574. 

Rappersweil,  rip'p^rs-'frir,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  9  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Bern.     Pop.  1915. 

Rappolsweiler,  the  German  name  of  RiBKAUViLLi. 

Rapp's  Mills,  a  post-hamlct  of  Rockbridge  co.,  Va., 
18  miles  S.E.  of  Clifton  Forgo  Station.  It  has  a  tannery 
and  a  grist-mill. 

Rajiri,  r&'pree,  a  large  town  of  Siam,  on  the  Me-Kong, 
40  miles  W.  of  Bangkok. 

Raptee,  or  Rapty,  rlp'tee,  a  river  of  India,  risea  in 
Nopaul,  flows  S.E.,  and  joins  the  Goggra.    Length,  370  milea. 

Raquctte  Lake  and  River.     See  Racket. 

Ra'ra  A'vis,  a  post-office  of  Itawamba  co.,  Miss. 

Raraka,  r&-r&'k&,  an  island  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  Low 
Archipelago.     Lat.  16°  6'  S. ;  Ion.  144°  67'  W. 

Rarapia,  the  ancient  name  of  FERREinA. 

Raratonga,  ri'ri-tong'gi,  or  Rorotonga,  ro'ro- 
tong'gi,  an  island  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  belonging  to  the 
group  of  Cook  Islands,  in  lat.  21°  13'  S.,  Ion.  160°  6'  33" 
W.  It  is  about  30  miles  in  circuit.  The  inhabitants,  about 
4000,  have  been  converted  to  Christianity.  They  live  chiefly 
in  the  three  villages  of  Avarua  in  the  N.,  Atania  in  the 
S.E.,  and  Arognaui  in  the  S.W. 

Rarden,  Scioto  co.,  0.    See  Galena. 

Rar'din,  a  post-village  in  Morgan  township,  Coles  eo., 
III.,  22  miles  W.  of  Paris.   It  has  2  churches  and  3  saw-mills. 

Raritan,  rdr'it-an,  a  small  river  of  New  Jersey,  ia 
formed  by  its  North  and  South  Branches,  which  unite  4  or 
5  miles  W.  of  Somerville.  It  runs  eastward  through  Som- 
erset CO.,  then  southeastward  to  New  Brunswick,  and  finally 
enters  Raritan  Bay  at  South  Amboy.  Steamboats  can 
ascend  it  to  New  Brunswick,  about  15  miles  from  its  mouth. 
The  North  Branch  of  the  Raritan  rises  in  Morris  co.  and 
runs  southward;  the  South  Branch  drains  parts  of  Morris 
and  Hunterdon  cos.,  running  first  southwestward  and  finally 
northeastward. 

Raritan,  a  post-village  in  Bedford  township,  Hender- 
son CO.,  111.,  about  32  miles  S.W.  of  Galcsburg,  and  18  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Burlington,  Iowa.  It  has  a  money-order  post- 
office.     Pop.  201. 

Rnritan,  a  township  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.    P.  3654, 

Raritan,  a  township  of  Middlesex  co.,  N.J.  Pop.  3460. 

Raritan,  a  township  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.  Pop.  3443. 

Raritan,  a  post-village  in  Bridgewatcr  township,  Som- 
erset CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Raritan  River,  and  on  the  Central 
Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  1  mile  W.  of  Somerville,  and  37 
miles  W.S.AV.  of  New  York.  It  has  a  bank,  3  churches,  the 
Raritan  Institute,  2  iron-foundries,  2  machine-shops,  2  grist- 
mills, a  woollen -mill,  and  a  braid-mill.     Pop.  (1890)  2.io6. 

Raritan  Bay,  Now  Jersey,  is  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  f.t 
the  mouth  of  the  Raritan  River.  It  separates  the  southwest 
part  of  Staten  Island  from  Middlesex  co.,  N.J. 

Ras,  ris  {i.e.,  a  "head"  or  "  hcadlnnd"),  the  prefix  t* 
the  names  of  numerous  capes  of  Africa  nnd  West  Asia. 

Ras-Aconada  (Aconatter).    See  Cape  Caxi.nks. 

Ras-Adder,  Africa.    See  Cape  Bo.v. 

Ras-al-Had,  ris^il-hid',  a  cape  .it  the  E.  extremity 
of  Arabia,  in  lat.  22°  33'  N.,  hm.  59°  55'  E. 

Ras- Arubah,  ris-i-roo'bi,  or  Oremar'rah,  a  head- 
land on  the  coast  of  Beloochistan,  in  the  Arabian  Sea,  in 
lat.  25°  8'  N.,  Ion.  64°  35'  E. 

Rasay,  ri'si,  or  Black  Water,  a  river  of  Siotland, 
00.  of  Ross,  flows  S.E.,  and  joins  the  Conan. 


RAS 


2251 


RAT 


Rasay,  ril'si  (or  Raasay)  Island,  an  island  of  the 
Inner  Hebrides,  Scotland,  co.  of  Inverness,  between  Skj-e 
and  the  mainland,  1  mile  N.E.  of  Skye.  Lengtii,  12  miles. 
Area,  28  square  miles.     Pop.  389. 

Rasbach,  a  village  of  Bohemia.     See  RossBAcn. 
'   Ras-Bagashoo,    or   Ras-Bagashn,    ras-bd-gi- 
ghoo',  a  rocky  cape  of  Arabia.    Lat.  14°  49'  N. ;  Ion.  50°  9'  E. 

Ras-Bardistan,  Persia.    See  Cape  BAnniSTAN. 

Ras-Bernass,  ris-bSr-ndss',  or  Ciipe  Nose,  a  head- 
land on  the  W.  side  of  the  Red  Sea,  20  miles  N.E.  of  the 
ruins  of  Berenice. 

Raschau,  rJ,'sh5w,  a  village  of  Saxony,  circle  of 
Zwickau,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Griinhain.     Pop.  2300. 

Rascia,  ris'se-il,  a  name  formerly  given  to  what  is 
now  the  southern  part  of  Servia,  but  now  properly  re- 
stricted to  a  part  of  Bosnia,  comprising  the  districts  of 
Novi-Bazar  and  Tashlidje,  or  Plevia.  The  name  Rascian, 
in  its  ^vldest  use,  is  almost  synonymous  with  Servian. 

Ras-el-Abiad,  ris-Sl-i'be-id^  ("white  cape"),  a 
promontory  of  Palestine,  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Tyre. 

Ras-el-Hamrah,  Algeria.    See  Cape  llAirnAn. 

Ras-el-Khyma  (or  -Khima),  rls-Sl-kee'ma,  (?),  a 
fortified  town  of  Arabia,  on  the  Persian  Gulf,  S.E.  of  El 
Katif,    Lat.  25°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  56°  4'  E. 

Ra'sen-Mar'ket,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  14  miles 
N.E.  of  Lincoln.     Pop.  2815. 

Rasgrad,  ris'grid',  a  town  of  the  principality  of  Bul- 
gnria,  33  miles  S.E.  of  Roostchook. 

Rasheed,  the  Arabic  name  of  Rosetta. 

Ras-Jerdaffoon,  Africa.    See  Cape  GnAnDAPUi. 

Ras-Moarree,  Asia.    See  Cape  Moxze. 

Ras-Mohammed,  rls-mo-him'mfid,  the  southern- 
most point  of  the  peninsula  of  Sinai,  in  the  Red  Sea,  be- 
tween the  Gulfs  of  Suez  and  Akabah.     Lat.  27°  50'  N. 

Ras-Mussendom,  Arabia.    See  Mussendom  Cape. 

Ras-Noo,  Beloochistan.    See  Cape  Gwadel. 

Raspcnau,  rS.s'p?h-n5wS  a  village  of  Bohemia,  39 
miles  N.  of  Buntzlau.     Pop.  1909. 

Rass,  El,  51  riss,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  Nedjed,  230 
miles  W.N.AV.  of  Dorayeh,  and  E.N.E.  of  Medina. 

Rassegoo,  Rassegu,  r3,s-s?h-goo',  or  Rashau,  rS,'- 
sbow,  one  of  the  Kooril  Islands.  Lat.  47°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  153° 
30'  E.    Length  and  breadth,  about  20  miles  each. 

Rassein,  ris-sin',  a  lake  of  Roumania,  in  the  Do- 
brudja,  between  the  Danube  and  the  Black  Sea,  with  which 
latter  it  is  connected  by  two  mouths.  Length,  25  miles. 
I  ;  Rassclwitz,  Deutsch,  doitch  rils's?l-\^it8\  a  village 
of  Prussia,  province  of  Silesia,  government  of  Oppein,  on 
|the  Hotzenplotz.     Pop.  2839. 

Ras-Sidi-Ali-al>Shusha.    See  Cape  Zibeeb. 

Rassova,  ris-so'vi,  a  town  of  Roumania,  on  the  Dan- 
ube, 40  miles  W.  of  Kustendji. 

Rastadt,  ris'tAtt,  a  strongly  fortified  town  of  Baden, 
H4  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Carlsruhe,  near  the  right  bank  of  the 
Rhine,  and  on  the  railway  from  Mannheim  to  Basel.  Pop. 
12,219.    It  has  manufactures  of  hardware,  arms,  tobacco,  Ac. 

Rastenburg,  r3,s't?n-b65RG\  a  town  of  East  Prussi.a, 
54  miles  S.E.  of  Konigsberg.  Pop.  6102.  It  has  a  castle, 
and  manufactures  of  linen  and  woollen  goods  and  leather. 

Ras'trick,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West 
Riding,  3  miles  N.N.W.  of  Huddcrsfleld.  It  has  silk-,  cot- 
ton-, and  woollen-mills.     Pop.  5896. 

Ratfc,  the  ancient  name  of  Leicester. 

Ratanpur,  a  town  of  India.    See  Ruttunpooii. 

Ratchlbrd  River,  Nova  Scotia.   See  Pout  Gueville. 

Rath,  nit,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  near  Dussel- 
iorf.    Pop.  1717. 

Rathangan,  rath-ang'gan,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and 
5  miles  N.N.W.  of  Kildare,  on  Blackwood  River.     P.  682. 

Rath'bone,  a  township  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.    P.  1393. 

Rath'boneville,  a  post-village  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Rathbone  township,  on  the  Canisteo  River,  and  on  the 
Erie  Railroad,  33  miles  W.  of  Elmira.  It  contains  a  church, 
i  flouring-mill,  and  1  or  2  saw-mills. 

Rath'bun,  a  hamlet  of  Elk  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Philadel- 
Jhia  <fc  Erie  Railroad,  11  miles  W.  of  Emporium. 

Rathbun,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sheboygan  co..  Wis.,  9  miles 
IV.  of  Plymouth,  and  about  17  miles  E.  of  Fond  du  Lac. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Rathcon'nel  Bog,  Ireland,  on  the  N.  side  of  the 
Jrand  Canal,  has  an  area  of  2505  acres. 
f  Rath^con'rath,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Westmeath, 
!»i  miles  W.  of  MuUingar.    Pop.  of  parish,  1475. 
■^Rathcor'mack,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  15  miles 
H.N.E.  of  Cork,  on  the  river  Bride.     Pop.  454. 

RathMoAVn'  Castle,  a  ruin  on  the  E.  coast  of  Ire- 
and,  CO.  of  AVicklow,  4  miles  S.  of  Bray. 


RathdoAv'ney,  town  of  Ireland,  Queen's  co.     P.  1186. 

Rath^driim',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  8  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Wicklow,  on  the  Avonmore.     Pop.  929. 

Rathcnow,  ra,'t?h-nov*,  or  Rathenau,  r&'teh-nSw*, 
a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg,  34  mites  W.N.W.  of 
Potsdam,  on  the  Havel.  Pop.  9949.  It  comprises  an  old 
and  a  new  town,  the  latter  enclosed  by  walls.  It  has  man- 
ufactures of  linen  and  woollen  fabrics,  gloves,  leather,  and 
optical  instruments. 

Rathfarn'ham,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  and  3  miles 
S.  of  Dublin.  It  comprises  numerous  handsome  residenctt, 
a  neat  church,  and  a  castle.     Pop.  of  parish,  6779. 

Rathfri'laiid,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Down,  9  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Newry.     Pop.  1827. 

Rath^gar',  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  and  2  miles  S.  of 
Dublin.  It  has  muslin-,  calico-,  and  print-works,  and  lime- 
stone-quarries. 

Rathkeale,  rath^kail',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  17 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Limerick,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Deel,  :i 
tributary  of  the  Shannon.     Pop.  2517. 

RathMin',  Rachlin,  raKMiu',  or  Raghery,  rah'- 
gh§r-ree,  an  island  off  the  N.  coast  of  Ireland,  co.  of  An- 
trim, in  the  North  Channel,  3  miles  N.AV.  of  Fairhead. 

Rathlin  O'Birne,  rithMin'  o-birn',-a  group  of  islets 
in  Ireland,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  entrance  to  Donegal  Bay. 

Rathmelton,  a  town  of  Ireland.    See  RAMELToy. 

Rath'new',  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  and  4  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Wicklow.     Pop.  695. 

Ratho',  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  8  miles  S.W.  of 
Edinburgh,  on  the  Union  Canal,  and  on  the  Edinburgh  & 
Glasgow  Railway.     Pop.  717. 

Ratho',  a  post-village  in  Oxford  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
Grand  Trunk  Railway  (Buffalo  division),  15  miles  from 
Stratford.     Pop.  100. 

Rath'o'wen,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Westmeath,  12 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Mullingar.     Pop.  319. 

Rathvil'ly,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  and  10  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Carlow.     Pop.  415. 

Ratibor,  ri'te-bon',  written  also  Raciborz,  rlt'se- 
boRz*,  a  walled  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  government  and 
44  miles  S.S.E.  of  Oppein,  on  the  Oder,  and  on  the  railway 
from  Breslau  to  Vienna.  Pop.  17,213.  It  has  a  castle,  and 
manufactures  of  woollen  and  linen  stuffs,  porcelain,  tobacco,^ 
hosiery,  and  leather. 

Ratingen,  ri'ting-?n,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  6 
miles  N.E.  of  Dusseldorf.  Pop.  5310.  It  has  manufactures 
of  paper,  hats,  pottery,  Ac. 

Rat'isbon  (Ger.  llegenthurg,  rA'gh§ns-b65RG^ ;  Fr. 
Batisbonne,  ri'tees'bonn' ;  anc.  liegi'num,  or  Can'tra  lie- 
gi'na),  a  town  of  Bavaria,  67  miles  N.N.E.  of  Munich,  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  Danube,  opposite  the  mouth  of  the 
Rcgen,  and  at  a  railway  junction.  Pop.  37,567.  The 
chief  edifices  are  a  cathedral,  a  fine  town  house,  the  old 
episcopal  palace,  in  which  is  a  monument  to  Kepler,  and  a 
fine  stone  bridge  over  the  Danube.  Near  it  is  a  splendid 
building  called  the  Walhalla.  It  has  considerable  com- 
merce on  the  Danube,  and  manufactures  of  porcelain,  to- 
bacco, leather,  steel  goods,  paper,  silk  goods,  chemicals, 
beer,  stone-ware,  &q.  Ratisbon  was  long  the  capital  of 
Bavaria,  and  was  afterwards  a  free  imperial  city  till  1806. 

Rat  (or  Kreesa  or  Kryci,  krce'sa)  Islands,  a  group 
in  the  Aleutian  Archipelago,  comprising  five  islands  of  con- 
siderable size,  namely,  Semisopochnoi,  Amchitka,  Kryci  or 
Rat  Island,  Kiska,  and  Boulder,  with  10  smaller  ones. 
Rat  Island  is  in  lat.  51°  45'  N.,  Ion.  180°  40'  W. 

Ratmanotf  Island.    See  Imakut. 

Ratnageri,  India.     See  Rutnagherry. 

Ratnapoora,  rit-ni-poo'r4  (the  "city  of  gems"),  a 
town  of  Ceylon,  on  a  navigable  river,  45  miles  S.E,  of  Co- 
lombo.    It  has  a  barracks. 

Ratnest  Island,  Australia.    See  Rottnest  Island. 

Ratomagus,  or  Rotomagus.    See  Rouen. 

Raton,  ri-ton',  a  post-office  of  Las  Animas  co..  Col.,  on 
Purgatory  River,  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Trinidad. 

Ratoneau,  ri'to'no',  a  fortified  island  off  the  S.  cnaat 
of  France,  in  Bouches-du-Rh6ne,  N.  of  the  island  of  Po- 
megue,  and  2  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Marseilles. 

Raton  (ri-ton')  Mountains,  a  range  which  is  partly 
in  Southern  Colorado  and  extends  into  Colfax  co..  New 
Mexico.  It  is  the  watershed  between  the  Cimarron  and 
Purgatory  Rivers.  Fisher's  Peak,  the  highest  point,  has. 
an  altitude  of  9460  feet. 

Rattenberg,  rit't?n-b5R6\  a  town  of  Austria-Hun- 
gary, in  Tyrol,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Inn,  28  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Inuspruck. 

Rafter's  Corners,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co..  New 
Brunswick,  8  miles  from  Sussex  Vale.     Pop.  150. 


RAT 


2252 


RAV 


Rat'tic  Run,  apost-oOioe  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich. 

Rat'tlcsnake  Creek,  of  Owen  oo.,  Ind.,  flowa  into 
White  River. 

Rattlesnake  Fork,  Ohio,  runs  southward  through 
Fayotto  oo.  and  southeastward  through  Ilighlnnd  co.,  and 
enters  Paint  Creelt  about  7  miles  N.W.  of  Uainbridgo. 

Rat'tray  Head,  a  dangerous  promontory  of  Scotland, 
CO.  of  Aberdeen,  7  miles  E.  of  Kinnaird's  Head. 

Ratz  Almas,  r&ts  dl'mOsh^  a  village  of  Ilungary^co. 
of  Stuhlwcissenburg,  near  Adooy.     Pop.  iUOO. 

Rntz  Il5sz6rineny,  Hungary.    See  BosziiitMKNr. 

Ratzebiihr,r&t's9h-b5SR\  written  also  Rntzcbiihc, 
n  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomorania,  51  miles  S.S.U.  of  Coslin. 
Pop.  2248. 

]latzeburg,r&t's9h-bSSRo\  written  also  Racisburg, 
ft  town  of  Prussia,  in  Lauenburg,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Lubcck, 
on  a  small  island  in  the  Lake  of  Ratzeburg.  Pop.  4227. 
Although  it  is  the  seat  of  administration  of  Lauenburg, 
the  N,  auarter  belongs  to  the  principality  of  Ratioburg, 
a  dependency  of  Meoklenburg-Strelitz. 

Ratzeburg,  a  principality  of  Meoklenburg-Strelitz, 
has  an  area  of  144  square  miles  and  a  population  of  16,343. 

Ratzeburg,  Lake  of,  a  lake  of  Mecklenburg,  6  miles 
long.  Its  surplus  waters  are  carried  by  the  navigable 
"Wookenitz  to  the  Trave. 

Ranb,  rawb,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benton  oo.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Cincinnati,  Lafayette  &  Chicago  Railroad,  40  miles  N.W. 
of  Lafayette.     It  has  a  church. 

Raub's,  a  station  in  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Louis- 
ville, New  Albany  <fc  Chicago  Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of  La- 
fayette.    Here  is  South  Raub  Post-OfiRco. 

Raub's  Mills,  a  station  in  Snyder  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Lewistown  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  20  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Lewistown. 

Rauch's  (rawch'iz)  Gap,  a  post-hamlct  of  Clinton 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  12  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Lock  Haven.  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  saw-mill. 

Rauconrt,  rS'koon',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ardennes, 

15  miles  S.E.  of  Mfizifires.     Pop.  1604. 

Raudnitz,  rSwd'nits,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  the  Elbe, 

16  miles  S.E.  of  Leitmeritz.     Pop.  4937.     It  has  a  castle. 
Raudten,  rSwd't^n,  or  Rauden,  rdw'd^n,  a  town  of 

Prussia,  in   Silesia,  43   miles  N.W.  of  Breslau,   on   the 
Schwarzwasser.     Pop.  1342. 

Raught's  (rawts)  Ittills,  a  post-ofRce  of  Elk  co.,  Pa. 

Raugia,  a  city  of  Dalmatia.    See  Ragusa. 
'  Rau-Koka,  or  Rach-Koke.    See  Rai-Koke. 

Raumo,  row'mo,  a  seaport  town  of  Finland,  on  a  bay 
of  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia,  55  miles  N.W.  of  Abo.   Pop.  3305. 

Rauneburg,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Rumbuug. 

Rauranum,  the  ancient  name  of  Rom. 

Rauris,  rSw'ris,  a  town  of  Austria,  40  miles  S.  of  Salz- 
burg, on  an  aiBuent  of  the  Salzach.     Pop.  1590. 

Ranscha,  rOw'shi,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia,  on  a 
railway,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Buntzlau.     Pop.  1060. 

Rauschenberg,  r5w'sh§n-b5RG\  a  town  of  Prussia, 
in  Hesse-Nassau,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Marburg.     Pop.  1298. 

Rausium,  or  Rausia,  Dalmatia.    See  Ragusa. 

Raut,  a  town  of  India.     See  Raat. 

Rautschka,  rSwtsh'ki,  or  Hruska,  h'roos'kS,,  a  vil- 
lage of  Austria,  in  Moravia,  30  miles  from  Weisskirchen. 

Ravana-Hrada,  ri-vi'na-h'rd'dil,  or  Rakas-Tal, 
ri'kls-t.\r,  one  of  the  sacred  lakes  of  Thibet,  at  the  source 
of  the  Sutlej  River,  lat.  30°  40'  N.,  Ion.  81°  10'  E.,  a  few 
miles  W.  of  the  other  sacred  lake,  Manasarowar,  the  waters 
of  which  it  receives.     Length,  20  miles;  breadth,  5  miles. 

Ravan'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  Mo.,  in  Ra- 
vanna  township,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Princeton,  and  about  50 
miles  N.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  manufac- 
tory of  bee-hives.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1129. 

Ravannsa,  ri-vi-noo'si,  a  town  of  Sicily,  21  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Girgcnti.  It  has  a  trade  in  oil,  almonds,  and 
pistachio-nuts.     Pop.  7652. 

Ravee,  ri'vee^  (ano.  Hydrao'us),  one  of  tbo  "  five 
rivers"  of  the  Punjab,  rises  near  Chumba,  lat.  32°  30' 
N.,  Ion.  76°  E.,  flows  S.W.,  and  joins  the  Chenaub  35  miles 
N.  of  Mooltan.  Estimated  length,  370  miles.  The  city  of 
Lahore  and  the  towns  of  Chumba  and  Meanoe  are  on  its 
banks. 

Ravel  ganj,  a  town  of  India.    See  Godna. 

Ravel  lo,  ri-v5rio,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  11 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Salerno.     Pop.  1803. 

Ra'ven  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Columbia  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Benton  township. 

Rav'enen's,orRav'eneI*s,a  station  on  the  Savan- 
nah 4  Charleston  Railroad,  17  miles  W.  of  Charleston,  S.C. 

Ra'venglass^  a  town  and  seaport  of  England,  co.  of 


Cumberland,  42  miles  S.S.W.  of  Carlisle,  with  a  station  on 
the  Whitehaven  k  Furnoss  Railway.  It  has  a  good  harbor 
and  valuable  oyster-fisheries. 

Ravenna,  r4-v«n'n4  (Fr.  Ravenne,  rVvfinn';  ano. 
Jitiven'na),  a  city  of  Central  Italy,  in  Emilio,  cnjjiul  of  a 
province  of  its  own  name,  in  a  marshy  plain,  on  the  Mon- 
tone,  6  miles  from  its  port  on  the  Adiiutio,  and  16  miles 
N.E.  of  Forli.  Lat.  44°  25'  N. ;  Ion.  12°  11'  E.  Pop. 
18,571.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls  about  3  miles  in  oirouit 
and  entered  by  5  handsome  gates.  It  is  richer  in  antiqui- 
ties of  the  early  Middle  Ages  than  any  other  lUlian  oity, 
having  been  the  residence  of  the  Emperors  of  the  West  from 
the  time  of  Honorius,  and  the  capital  of  Italy  under  Odoa- 
cer,  Theodoric,  and  the  succeeding  Gothic  kings,  the  Byzan- 
tine monarohs,  and  the  Lombards.  Its  ancient  uionumonU 
are  nearly  all  Christian.  The  cathedral,  founded  in  the 
fourth  century,  has  fine  paintings  by  Guido,  and  remark- 
able antiquities.  The  other  churches,  the  baptistery,  and  the 
mausoleum  of  Placidia,  containing  the  tombs  of  that  em- 
press, of  Honorius,  and  of  Valentinian  III.,  are  all  richly 
ornamented  with  mosaics.  The  other  objects  of  interest 
are  the  archbishop's  palace,  communal  hall,  a  rich  library 
with  40,000  volumes,  the  museum,  academy  of  lino  arts, 
hospital,  theatre,  the  leaning  tower  fortress,  remains  of  the 
palace  of  Theodoric,  the  tomb  of  Odoacer,  King  of  tk. 
Ileruli,  and  the  tomb  of  Dante.  About  1  mile  N.  of  the 
city  is  the  tomb  of  Theodoric,  now  the  church  of  Santa 
Maria  della  Rotonda.  A  pillar,  also  outside  the  city,  com- 
memorates the  death  of  Gaston  de  Foi.x,  and  the  victory  of 
Louis  XII.  of  Franco  and  the  Duke  of  Ferrara  over  Pope 
Julius  II.  and  the  Spaniards  in  1512.  Ravenna  has  some 
manufactures  of  silks,  and  a  trade  in  wine  and  agricultural 
produce,  facilitated  by  a  large  canal  connecting  it  with  the 
Adriatic.     In  the  time  of  the  ancient  Romans,  Ravenna 

was  the  chief  port  of  the  empire  on  the  Adriatic. Adj. 

and  inhab.  Ravennese,  rl-v5n-necz'  (It.  Ravennese, 
ri-vin-ni'si,  or  Raven.vate,  ri-vdn-ni't.\). 

Ravenna,  a  province  of  Italy,  bordering  on  tho  Adrl> 
atic.  Capital,  Ravenna.  Area,  742  square  miles.  Pop. 
221,115. 

RaVen'na,  or  RaVen'a,  a  post-office  and  mining- 
camp  of  Los  Angeles  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Southern  Pacific 
Railroad,  51  miles  N.  of  Los  Angeles.  Here  are  mines  of 
gold,  silver,  and  copper. 

Ravenna,  a  post-village  of  Muskegon  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Ravenna  township,  on  or  near  Crockery  Creek,  18  miles 
S.E.  of  Muskegon,  and  24  miles  N.W.  of  Grand  Rapids. 
It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  a  lumber-mill,  and  about  6 
stores.     Pop.  about  200  ;  of  the  township,  934. 

Ravenna,  a  township  of  Dakota  co.,  Minn.   Pop.  220. 

Ravenna,  Mercer  co..  Mo.     See  Ravanna. 

Ravenna,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Portage  co.,  0.,  in 
Ravenna  township,  on  the  Pennsylvania  &  Ohio  Canal,  and 
on  the  Cleveland  &  Pittsburg  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad,  38  miles  S.E.  of  Clove- 
land,  and  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Akron.  It  contains  a  court- 
house, 6  churches,  2  national  banks,  1  other  bank,  2  news- 
paper offices,  a  graded  school,  manufactories  of  carriages, 
furniture,  window-glass,  mowing-machines,  and  woollen 
goods,  2  flour-mills,  several  planing-mills,  Ac.  Large 
quantities  of  cheese,  butter,  wool,  and  flax  are  shipped  here. 
Pop.  in  1890,  3417;  of  the  township,  4421. 

Raven'na,  a  post-village  in  Grey  co.,  Ontario,  7  milei 
from  Thornbury.     Pop.  100. 

Ra'ven  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Belvidere  Delaware  Rail- 
road, at  Bull's  Island  Station,  23  miles  N.W.  of  Trenton. 

Raven  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Pleasants  co.,  W.  Va. 

Raven  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  lO-i  miles  E.  of  Mount  Carmel, 
and  about  12  miles  N.  of  Pottsville.  It  has  a  church  and 
coal-mines. 

Ravensburg,  r4'v?ns-booRG\  a  town  of  WUrtemborg, 
on  the  Schussen,  and  on  the  Wiirtemberg  Railway,  22 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Constance.  Pop.  9078.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  cotton  and  woollen  stufls,  paper,  and  sealing-wax, 
and  a  considerable  transit  trade. 

Ra'ven's  Eye,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  W.  A'a, 
10  miles  E.  of  Sewell  Depot.     It  has  a  church  and  a  store. 

Ravenstein,  r4'v?n-stine\  or  Ravestcin,  ri'v^h- 
stine*,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant,  on  the 
Mouse,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Grave. 

Ra'ven  Stream,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Minn., 
about  24  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Peter,  and  16  miles  (direct)  S. 
by  W.  of  Shakopee.     It  has  a  drug-store. 

Ra'venswood,  a  village  in  Beardstown  township,  Cass 
CO.,  III.,  5  miles  E.  of  Beardstown. 


RAV 


2253 


HAY 


Ravenswood,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  cc,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  35  miles  below  Parkersburg.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office,  5  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  steam  flour- 
ing-mill,  and  an  active  trade  in  produce,  Ac.     Pop.  817. 

Ra'venwood,  a  post-village  of  Nodaway  co.,  Mo., 
about  30  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Savannah,  and  9  miles 
(direct)  E.  of  Mary  ville.  It  has  a  mill  and  several  general 
stores.     Pop.  about  100. 

Ravestein,  Netherlands.     See  Ravenstein. 

Ravieres,  riVe-ain',  a  town  of  France,  in  Yonne,  13 
miles  S.B.  of  Tonnerre.     Pop.  1283, 

Ravine,  ra-veen',  a  post-village  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa., 
3  miles  N.  of  Pine  Grove.  It  has  2  hotels  and  several  general 
stores.     Pop.  about  300. 

Ravinia,  ra-vin'e-a,  a  post-hamlet  in  Deerfield  town- 
ship. Lake  co.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Milwaukee  Railroad, 
21  miles  N.  of  Chicago. 

Ravnagora,  riv-ni-go'rl,  a  town  of  Croatia,  S.W.  of 
Agram.     Pop.  1610. 

Rawa,  r3,'*i,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  32  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Lemberg.     Pop.  4639. 

Rawa,  ri'^i,  a  town  of  Poland,  government  and  45 
miles  S.W.  of  Warsaw,  on  the  Rawka.     Pop.  6527. 

Rawak,  ri-wik',  an  island  of  the  Eastern  Archipelago, 
off  the  N.  side  of  the  island  of  AVaigeoo,     Lat.  Q°  V  14"  S. 

Rawdon,  Ontario.    See  Stirling. 

Rawdoii,  a  post-village  in  Hants  oo..  Nova  Scotia,  9 
miles  from  Newport.     Pop.  250. 

Raw'don  (South),  or  Ash'dale,  a  post-village  in 
Hants  CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  9i  miles  from  Mount  Uniake. 

Rawdon  (Upper),  a  post-village  in  Hants  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  16  miles  from  Elmsdale.     Pop.  300. 

Rawdon,  a  post-village  in  Montcalm  co.,  Quebec,  on 
the  river  Lac  Ouareau,  48  miles  N.  of  Montreal.  It  con- 
tains 3  churches,  3  saw-mills,  and  3  grist-mills,  and  has  a 
large  trade  in  lumber,  flour,  and  potash.     Pop.  600. 

Raw'hide,  a  post-office  of  Lauderdale  co.,  Ala. 

Raw  Hide  Butte,  post-office,  Laramie  co.,  Wyoming. 

Raw'ii-Pin'de,  Raw'al-Pin'dee,  or  Rawal- 
pindi, raw^al-pin'dee,  a  fortified  town  of  India,  capital 
of  Rawil-Pinde  division  and  district,  47  miles  by  rail  E.S.E. 
of  Attock.     Pop.  (1881)  52,975. 

RaAVii-Pinde,  a  division  or  commissionership  of 
India,  in  the  Punjab,  consisting  of  the  districts  of  Rawil- 
Pinde,  Jhylum,  Gujerat,  and  Shahpoor.  Area,  16,857 
square  miles.  Pop.  2,197,387.  It  has  the  Indus  on  the 
W.,  the  Chenaub  on  the  S.E.,  and  the  Cashmere  dominions 
on  the  N.E.  Rawil-Pinde  district  is  in  the  N.W.  part  of 
the  division.  Area,  6218  square  miles.  Capital,  Rawil- 
Pinde.    Pop.  711,256. 

RaAvitsch,  or  Rawicz,  ri'^itch,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
55  miles  S.  of  Posen.  Pop.  11,141.  It  has  manufactures 
of  woollen  cloth,  linens,  leather,  tobacco,  and  salt. 

Rawles,  rawlz,  a  township  of  Mills  co.,  Iowa.     P.  819. 

Raw'ley  Springs,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort  of 
Rockingham  co.,  Va.,  11  miles  W.  of  Harrisonburg. 

Raw'ling's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co., 
MJ.,  on  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  13  miles  S.W.  of 
Cumberland.     It  has  2  churches. 

Raw'lins,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Kansas,  bor- 
dering on  Nebraska.  Area,  about  1080  square  miles.  Cap- 
ital, Atwood.     Pop.  in  1880,  1623  ;  in  1890,  6756. 

Rawlins,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Carbon  co.,  Wyo- 
ming, on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  136  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Laramie,  and  710  miles  from  Omaha.  Elevation,  6540 
feet.  Hero  are  a  sulphur  spring  which  possesses  medicinal 
properties,  some  machine-shops  of  the  railroad,  and  quarries 
of  limestone  and  good  building-stone.  Rawlins  has  a  bank 
and  2  churches,  and  is  the  base  of  supplies  for  the  mining 
country  N.  and  S.  of  the  railroad.     Pop.  in  1890,  2235. 

Raw'linsville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Martio  township, 
Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  about  15  miles  S,  of  Lancaster.  It  has 
a  church  and  2  stores. 

Raw'son,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  7 
miles  N.  of  Cuba,  and  about  50  miles  S.S.B.  of  Buffalo.  It 
has  a  church. 

Rawson,  a  post-hamlet  in  Union  township,  Hancock 
CO..  0.,  on  the  Lake  Erie  &  Louisville  Railroad,  8  miles 
S.W.  of  Findlay.     It  has  2  churches  and  2  steam  saw-mills. 

Raw'sonville,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Huron  River,  4i  miles  from  Ypsilanti,  and  about  26 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Detroit.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  woollen- 
mill,  a  fine  brick  school-house,  and  a  church. 

Rawsonville,  Lorain  oo.,  0.     See  Grafton. 

Rawsonville,  a  post-haralet  in  Jamaica  township, 
Windham  co.,  Vt.,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Factory  Point.  It 
has  manufactures  of  lumber  and  chair-stock. 


Ray,  a  northwestern  county  of  Missouri,  has  an  area  of 
about  684  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the 
Missouri  Ri  rer,  and  is  drained  by  Crooked  and  Fishing 
Rivers.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  undulating  prairies 
and  forests  of  hard  timber,  which  is  here  abundant.  The 
soil  is  fertile.     Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  cattle,  horses,  and 

Eork  are  the  staple  products.  Mines  of  bituminous  coal 
ave  been  opened  in  this  county,  which  has  also  abundance 
of  limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Atchison,  Topeka  & 
Santa  F6  Railroad,  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  and  the  AVabash  Railroad,  the  first  of  which  con- 
nects with  Richmond,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,18,700; 
in  1880,  20,190;  in  1890,  24,215. 

Ray,  a  post-village  in  Oakland  township,  Schuyler  co., 
111.,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  8  miles 
N.E.  of  Rushville.  It  has  a  church  and  a  barrel-factory. 
Coal  abounds  here. 

Ray,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  2070. 

Ray,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  761. 

Ray,  or  State  Line,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  Fort  AVayne,  Jackson  &  Saginaw  Railroad,  at 
State  Line  Station,  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Angola.  It  has  a 
church  and  2  stores.     Here  is  Ray  Post-Office. 

Ray,  a  post-office  of  Pwwnee  co.,  Kansas. 

Ray,  a  township  of  Macomb  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1495. 

Ray  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Macomb  co.,  Mich.,  about 
33  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Detroit. 

Raygunge,  ri-gunj',  or  Rayaganj,  ri-a-gunj',  a 
town  of  Bengal,  district  of  Dinagepoor. 

RaymertOAvn,  ra'm?r-town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rens- 
selaer CO.,  N.Y.,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Troy. 

Ray'milton,  a  post-village  of  Venango  co..  Pa.,  on 
Sandy  Creek,  and  on  the  railroad  between  Franklin  and 
Jamestown,  13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Franklin.  It  has  a  flour- 
mill,  a  coal-mine,  oil-wells,  and  an  oil-tank  which  is  said  to 
hold  100,000  barrels.     Pop.  100. 

Raymond,  ra'm^nd,  a  hamlet  of  Champaign  co..  111., 
in  Raymond  township,  about  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Danville, 
Pop.  of  the  township,  973. 

Raymond,  a  post-village  in  Raymond  township,  Mont- 
gomery CO.,  111.,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  50  miles  S.W.  of 
Decatur.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  money-order  post-office. 
Pop.  about  600. 

Raymond,  a  post- village  of  Black  Hawk  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  line  between  Poyner  and  Barclay  townships,  and  on  the 
Dubuque  &  Sioux  City  Railroad,  86  miles  W.  of  Dubuque, 
and  7  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Waterloo.     It  has  2  churches. 

Raymond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rice  co.,  Kansas,  in  Ray- 
mond township,  on  the  Arkansas  River,  and  on  the  Atchi- 
son, Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Railroad,  63  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Newton.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  township,  414. 

Raymond,  a  post-village  in  Raymond  township,  Cum- 
berland CO.,  Me.,  about  24  miles  N.N.W.  of  Portland.  The 
township  is  bounded  S.W.  by  Sebago  Lake.  It  h.as  3  churches, 
a  high  school,  several  saw-mills,  and  a  pop.  of  1120. 

Raymond,  a  township  of  Stearns  co.,  Minn.,  14  miles 
W.  of  Melrose.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  310. 

Raymond,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hinds  co..  Miss., 
about  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Jackson,  It  has  an  academy,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  6  churches. 

Raymond,  a  post- village  in  Raymond  township,  Rock- 
ingham CO.,  N.H.,  on  Lamprey  River,  and  on  the  Concord 
<fc  Portsmouth  Railroad,  18  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Manchester, 
and  23  miles  W.  of  Portsmouth.  It  contains  3  churches 
and  the  Raymond  High  School,  and  has  manufactures  of 
shoes,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1121. 

Raymond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Potter  co..  Pa.,  33  miles 
N.E.  of  Emporium.     It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Raymond,  a  post-township  of  Racine  co..  Wis.,  about 
16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Milwaukee.     Pop.  1534. 

Raymond  City,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Great  Kanawha  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Poco- 
taligo,  16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Charleston.  It  has  a  church,  a 
saw-mill,  2  tobacco-warehouses,  Ac. 

Raymond's,  a  station  of  the  Manchester  &  North 
Weare  Railroad,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Manchester,  N.H. 

Raymond's,  Union  co.,  0.    See  Newton. 

Raymondvilie,  ra'm9nd-vll,  a  post-office  of  Texas  Co., 
Mo.,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Salem. 

Raymondvilie,  a  post-village  of  St.  Lawrence  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Norfolk  township,  on  the  Racket  River,  about  12 
miles  N.  of  Potsdam.  It  has  a  church,  a  woollen-mill,  a 
saw-mill,  3  brick-yards,  and  a  tub-factory. 

Ray'more,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  St, 
Louis,  Lawrence  A  Western  Railroad,  lli  miles  W.  of 
Pleasant  Hill.     It  has  2  churches. 

Rayue,  a  township  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa.    Pop  1735. 


MT 


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Rnynham^  rain'%in,  a  post-village  in  Raynham  town- 
ohlp,  Uristoi  oo.,  ilass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  llailrood,  31 
miioa  S.  of  Boston,  and  3  miles  N.N.E.  of  Taunton.  Tbo 
township  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Taunton  River. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1087. 

Itnynolds  Pass,  Idaho.    See  Madison  Pass. 

Kay*8,  Ohio.    See  Raysvillk. 

Ray*s  Crossing,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.,  on 
tho  railroad  botwoon  Sholbyvillo  and  Rushvillc,  6  wiles 
from  the  former. 

Hay's  Hill,  a  small  mountain-ridge  extending  across 
tho  Maryland  lino  into  tlio  S,  part  of  Bedford  co.,  Pa. 

Itay's  Hill,  a  pont-hamlot  of  Bedford  oo.,  Pa.,  about 
36  miles  W.  of  Chamborsburg. 

Kay's  Mills,  a  ])ost-offico  of  Berrien  oo.,  Ga. 

Ruys'tou'ii  llrunch  of  the  Juniata  rises  in  the 
main  range  of  tho  Alleghanios,  near  tho  E.  border  of  Som- 
erset CO.,  Pa.,  runs  through  the  middle  of  Bedford  uu.,  and 
enters  the  Juniata  River  2  or  3  uiilcs  below  Iluntingdon, 
after  a  northeastward  course  of  about  120  miles. 

Uays'ville,  a  post-village  in  Wayno  township,  Henry 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  Big  Bluo  Ilivor,  and  on  the  Columbus,  Chicago 
A  Indiana  Central  lUilroad,  35  miles  E.  of  Indianapolis, 
and  1  mile  E.  of  Knightstown.     It  has  2  churches.  P.  400. 

Kaysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  0.,  on  tho 
^larietUv  <fc  Cincinnati  Railroad,  19  miles  E.S.E.  of  Chilli- 
cotho.  It  has  3  churches  and  several  mills.  Here  is  Ray's 
Post-Offloe. 

Ray'town,  a  hamlet  of  Taliaferro  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
AVashington  Branch  Railroad,  13  miles  S.  of  Washington. 

Raytown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co..  Mo.,  12  miles 
S.E.  cf  Kansas  City. 

Ray'ville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Richland  parish. 
La.,  on  tho  Yioksburg,  Shrevoport  it  Texas  Railroad,  21 
miles  E.  of  Monroe,  and  62  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Vicksburg. 
It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  church,  and  a  steam  grist-mill. 
Pop.  about  400. 

Rayvillc,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  3  miles 
from  Parkton,  and  about  28  miles  N.  of  Baltimore.  Here 
is  Rayville  Academy. 

Rayville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ray  co.,  Mo.,  is  at  Sheridan 
for  Foote),  on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City,  and  Nebraska 
R.iilroftd,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Richmond.     It  has  a  church. 

Rayville,  a  hamlet  in  Chatham  township,  Columbia 
CO..  N.Y.,  li  miles  from  Rider's  Mills.    It  has  a  church. 

Rayville,  a  hamlet  in  Wayne  township,  Warren  co.,  0., 
b  miles  from  Corwin.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Ray'wick,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Rolling  Fork  of  Salt  River,  about  56  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Louisville.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  160. 

Ray'wood,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  N.C. 

Raz,  Le,  France.    See  Bec-do-Raz. 

Raza,  rik'zh.,  or  Gato,  g&'to,  an  island  of  Brazil,  at 
the  entrance  of  the  Bay  of  Rio  Janeiro. 

Raz^S,  ri'zi',  a  former  district  of  France,  a  dependency 
of  the  old  province  of  Languedoc,  and  having  Limoux  for 
its  capital.  It  consisted  of  RazCs  proper,  and  Sault,  now 
included  in  the  department  of  Audc;  and  of  Fonouillades, 
now  in  Pyrcnees-Oricntales. 

Razo,  r&'zo,  or  Raza,  ri'zi,  one  of  the  Cape  Yerd 
Islands,  in  the  Atlantic,  S.E.  of  Branco.  Lat.  1G°  38'  N. ; 
Ion.  24°  37'  W. 

R6,  or  Rhe,  ri,  an  island  off  the  W.  coast  of  France, 
in  tho  Gulf  of  Gascony,  separated  on  the  N.  from  the  de- 
partment of  Vendee  by  the  strait  called  Pertuis  Breton 
(pjR'twee'  brA-t6N°'),  and  on  the  S.  from  Oleron  by  that 
of  Pertuis  d'Antioche  (pfiaHwee'  d5N"He-osh').  Length,  18 
iniles  ;  breadth,  4  miles. 

Rea,  ri,  a  post-office  of  Andrew  co..  Mo. 

Reaburn's  (rd'burnz)  Creek,  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C., 
flows  into  Reedy  River  from  the  left. 

Read,  reed,  a  post-township  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
1040.     Read  Post-Offico  is  at  Clayton  Centre. 

Rcadtield,  reed'feeld,  a  post-village  in  Reodfield  town- 
ship, Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Augusta,  and  2 
iniles  W.  of  Readfield  Depot.  It  has  3  churches,  a  woollen- 
factory,  and  manufactures  of  oil-cloths,  carriages,  and  sash 
und  blinds.  The  township  is  intersected  by  the  Lewiston 
division  of  the  Maine  Central  Railroad.  It  contains  also 
Readfield  Depot  and  Kent's  Hill.  Pop.  of  township,  1456. 
Readfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waupaca  co.,  AVia.,  about 
18  miles  N.W.  of  Menasha,  and  1  mile  N.  of  the  Wisconsin 
Central  Railroad. 

Readfield  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kennebec  oo.. 
Me.,  in  Readfield  township,  on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad, 
25  miles  N.E.  of  Lewiston.     It  has  a  church. 
Reading)  rdd'ing,  a  borough  of  England,  capital  of 


the  county  of  Berks,  on  tho  Konnet,  near  its  junction  with 
the  Thames,  and  at  a  railway  junction,  38  miles  W.S.W . 
of  London.  It  has  spacious  streets  and  many  liandnuin' 
residences,  3  ancient  jiarish  churches,  a  grnmuiar-iu-liuii:, 
founded  in  the  reign  of  Henry  VII.,  a  blue-coot  school^ 
founded  in  1046,  a  national  school,  almshouses,  a  county 
hospital,  a  spacious  county  jail  and  house  of  corroctiou, 
town  hall.  Jail,  workingmcn's  hall,  freemasons'  hall,  library 
and  news-room,  museum,  meulmnios'  institute,  several 
learned  societies,  a  suiall  theatre,  baths,  aud  souio  rcinuint 
of  a  magnificent  abbey  founded  by  Henry  I.  Uending  has 
some  manufactures  of  silk  and  velvets,  large  Uuur-mills, 
breweries,  foundries,  bakeries,  and  exports  of  corn,  malt, 
timber,  wool,  cheese,  Ac.  It  sends  two  nicuibcrs  to  the 
House  of  Commons.  Parliaments  were  hold  here  in  tho 
thirteenth  and  fifteenth  centuries.  Pup.  in  IbUl,  C0,U54. 
Reading,  Fairfield  co.,  Cunn.  See  Rkddino. 
Reading,  rSd'ing,  a  post-hamlet  in  Reading  township, 
Livingston  co..  III.,  on  the  Chicago,  Pokin  &  Southwestern 
Railroad,  20  miles  S.  of  Ottawa,  and  4  miles  S.  of  Stroator. 
Pop.  70.  Tho  township  is  drained  by  the  Vermilion  River, 
contains  Ancoua,  and  has  a  ])op.  of  1503. 

Reading,  or  Redding,  a  village  of  Lawrence  oo., 
Ind.,  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &,  Chicago  Railroad,  6 
or  7  miles  S.  of  Bedford. 

Reading,  a  township  of  Sioux  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  2S8. 
Reading,  a  post-village  in  Reading  township,  Lyon 
CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Atchison,  Topoka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad, 
15  miles  N.E.  of  Emporia.     It  bos  2  churches.    Pop.  of 
township,  715. 

Reading,  a  post-villago  in  Reading  township,  Mid- 
dlesex CO.,  Mass.,  on  tho  Boston  &.  Maine  Railroad,  IS 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Boston,  and  15  miles  S.E.  of  Lowell.  It 
has  1  or  2  weekly  newspapers,  a  bank,  and  manut'octurei 
of  cabinet-ware,  boots,  shoes,  <fec.  Pop.  of  township,  3186. 
Reading,  a  post-villago  in  Reading  township,  Hilli> 
d.alo  CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Fort  Wayno,  Jackson  <fc  Saginaw 
Railroad,  36  miles  S.S.W.  of  Jackson,  and  about  10  miles 
S.W.  of  Hillsdale.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a 
union  school,  4  churches,  2  pump- factories,  a  chccse-fae- 
tory,  a  flouring-mill,  a  glove-factory,  aad  a  plauing-milL 
Pop.  about  1100;  of  the  township,  1928. 
Reading,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  Mo. 
Reading,  a  post-township  of  Schuyler  co.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
1715.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Seneca  Lake,  and  is  con- 
tiguous to  Watkins.     It  contains  Reading  Centre. 

Reading,  a  villago  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.,  2  miles  E. 
of  Homeworth.     It  has  a  church. 

Reading,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  in  Syca- 
more township,  at  Lockland  Station,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Cin- 
cinnati. It  has  4  churches,  a  convent,  a  money-order 
po.st-offico,  a  bank,  a  tannery,  4  breweries,  and  a  largo 
grain- warehouse. 

Reading,  a  township  of  Perry  co.,  0.  Pop.  3334.  It 
contains  New  Reading  and  Somerset. 

Reading,  a  city  of  Pennsylvania,  capital  of  Berks  cu., 
on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Schuylkill,  and  on  the  main  line  of 
the  Philadelphia  A  Reading  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of 
the  East  Pennsylvania,  Reading  A  Columbia,  Berks  4 
Lehigh,  and  other  railroads,  and  at  the  junction  of  the 
Schuylkill  and  Union  Canals,  58  miles  N.W.  of  Philadelphia, 
and  55  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Ilarrisburg.  It  is  coni|)actly  and 
regularly  built,  and  the  picturesque  mountains  near  it  fur- 
nish a  copious  water-supply  and  an  abundance  of  iron 
ore.  The  city  has  some  elegant  buildings,  among  which 
are  several  fine  churches  (there  being  in  all  33),  a  court- 
house, opera-house,  jail,  academy  of  music,  public  library, 
normal,  high,  and  other  public  and  private  schools,  besides 
a  Catholic  academy  and  hospital,  an  orphanage,  and  other 
public  and  private  charities.  It  is  the  scat  of  tho  Prot- 
estant Episcopal  bishop  of  Central  Pennsylvania.  Among 
the  industries  of  Reading  the  production  and  working  of 
iron  and  steel  take  the  first  rank.  The  city  has  3  national 
banks,  a  savings-bank,  many  forges,  furnaces,  foundries, 
rolling-mills,  nail-works,  machine-shops,  Ac,  also  shoe-fac- 
tories, breweries,  tanneries,  and  manufactures  of  cigars, 
hats,  paper,  bricks,  lumber,  Ac.  Many  of  tho  people  are 
of  Pennsylvania-German  stock,  and  of  tho  3  daily  and  8 
weekly  papers  more  than  half  are  in  the  German  language. 
Reading  was  founded  in  1748,  made  a  borough  in  1783,  and 
a  city  in  1847.     Pop.  in  1880,  43,278;  in  1890,  58,661. 

Reading,  a  post-hamlet  in  Reading  township,  Windsor 
CO.,  Vt.,  about  23  miles  E.S.E.  of  Rutland.  Pop.  of  the 
township  (which  contains   Felchville),  1012.  ^  ^ 

Reading  Centre,  a  post-villago  of  Schuylor  co.,  N.l., 
in  Reading  township,  about  5  miles  N.W.  of  Watkins,  and 
2  miles  W.  of  Seneca  Lake.    It  has  2  churches 


EEA 


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Readiiigton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Readington  township, 
Hunterdon  CO.,  N.J.,  about  25  miles  N.  of  Trenton,  and  7 
miles  W.  of  Somerville.  It  has  a  church.  The  township  is 
bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  South  Branch  of  the  Raritan 
River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Central  Railroad  of  New 
Jersey.  Pop.  of  the  township,  3070.  It  contains  villages 
named  Stanton  and  White  House. 

Readsborough,  reeds' bur-riih,  a  post-village  in 
Readsborough  township,  Bennington  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Deer- 
field  River,  about  15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bennington,  and  10 
miles  N.E.  of  North  Adams,  Mass.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
summer  boarding-house,  and  a  lumber-mill.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  828. 

Readsborough  Falls,  a  post-office  of  Bennington 
CO.,  Vt.,  about  14  miles  S.E.  of  Bennington. 

Read's  Land'ing,  or  Read's  Village,  a  post- 
village  of  Wabasha  co.,  Minn.,  in  Pepin  township,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  at  the  lower  end  of  Lake  Pepin,  and 
opposite  the  mouth  of  the  Chippewa  River.  It  is  on  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &,  St.  Paul  Railroad,  2  miles  N.W.  of 
Wabasha,  and  27  miles  E.S.E.  of  Red  Wing.  It  has  an 
active  trade  in  grain  and  lumber,  which  latter  is  brought 
down  the  Chippewa  River.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  2 
churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  boat-yard.     Pop.  695. 

Readstown,  reedz'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vernon  co.. 
Wis.,  on  the  Kickapoo,  ."JS  miles  S.E.  of  La  Crosse. 

Readsville,  reedz'vH,  a  post-hamlet  of  Callaway  co., 
Mo.,  33  miles  N.E.  of  Jefferson  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Rcadsville,  Kansas.    See  Reedsville. 

Readville,  recd'vil,  or  Readville  Station,  a  post- 
village  of  Norfolk  CO.,  Mass.,  in  Hyde  Park  township,  on 
the  Neponset  River,  and  on  the  Boston  &  Providence  Rail- 
road, at  the  junction  of  a  branch  to  Dedham.  It  is  also  on 
the  Boston,  Hartford  <fc  Erie  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Boston. 
It  has  a  church,  a  machine-shop,  and  a  cotton-factory.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Readville  Station. 

Ready  (red'e)  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C. 

Readyvilie,  rCd'c-vil,  a  post-village  of  Rutherford  co., 
Tenn.,  2  miles  E.  of  Murfreesborough,  and  34  miles  S.E.  of 
Nashville.     It  has  3  churches,  a  mill,  and  a  seminary. 

Reagan,  ra'gan,  a  post-village  of  Falls  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
M'aco  &,  Northwestern  Railroad,  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Marlin. 

Reagan's,  a  station  on  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia 
(t  Georgia  Railroad,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Athens,  Tenn. 

Real,  rk-hX',  a  river  of  Brazil,  flows  E.,  and  forms  the 
boundary  between  the  states  of  Bahia  and  Sergipe.  Length, 
160  miles.  Its  mouth,  about  25  miles  N.E.  of  the  Itapicuru, 
is  in  lat.  11°  28'  S. 

Real  del  Monte,  ri-il'  dfil  mon'ti,  a  town  of  Mexico, 
56  miles  N.N.E.  of  the  city  of  Mexico.    A  few  miles  N.E. 
1  is  the  celebrated  cascade  of  Regla. 

I     Realejo,  or  Realexo,  r4-&-l^'Ho,  a  seaport  town  of 

■  Nicaragua,  on  a  bay  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  20  miles  N.W.  of 

Loon.    Lat.  12°  27'  N.;  Ion.  87°  9'  W.     Pop.  5000.     The 

harbor  is  capacious  and  safe.     Exports,  mahogany,  cedar, 

and  other  timber,  sugar,  cotton,  indigo,  and  Brazil-wood. 

Realejo  de  Ab^o,  rd,-il-li'Ho  di  i-bS,'no  ("Lower 
Realejo"),  a  village  of  the  Canaries,  island  of  Tenoriffe,  3 
r  miles  W.  of  Puerto  de  Orotava,  and  2  miles  from  the  sea. 
[  It  has  a  town  house,  a  prison,  an  elementary  school,  a  gran- 
ary, a  church,  2  flour-mills,  and  a  distillery. 

Realejo  de  Arriba,  ri-i-li'no  di  aR-Ree'ni  ("Upper 
,  Realejo"),  a  village  of  the  Canaries,  island  of  Teneriffe,  at 
the  foot  of  a  high  chain  of  hills.    It  has  a  church,  several 
[  primary  schools,  and  2  flour-mills. 

Realmont,  ri*irm6No',  a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn,  10 
miles  S.  of  Alby.  It  has  a  coal-mine,  and  manufactures  of 
tricot  and  other  woollen  cloth,  and  of  leather.     Pop.  2337. 

Realvillc,  ri^irveel',  a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn-et- 
Garonne,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Montauban,  on  the  Aveyron. 

Ream's  Station,  a  post-village  of  Dinwiddle  co.,Va., 
un  the  Petersburg  Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of  Petersburg.  It 
has  2  churches.     Here  occurred  a  battle,  September,  1864. 

Reams'town,  a  post-village  in  East  Cocalico  town- 
ship, Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  on   a   branch  of  the  Conestoga 
^  Creek,  2  miles  from  Rcamstown  Station.     It  has  2  churches, 
I  a  coach-factory,  and  a  cigar-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  539. 
j      Rcamstown  Station,  a  hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Reading  &  Columbia  Railroad,  18  miles  S.W.  of 
Reading.     Here  is  Stevens  Post-Office. 

Reasnor,  reez'ngr,  a  post-village  in  Palo  Alto  town- 
ship, Jasper  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Newton  &  Monroe  Railroad, 
about  6  miles  S.  of  Newton.     It  has  4  stores  and  2  elevators. 

Reavesville,  Grayson  co.,  Tex.    See  Reevesville. 

Reaville,  ra'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J., 
4  miles  S.E.  of  Flemington,  and  about  20  miles  N.  of  Tren- 
ton.   It  has  a  church. 


Rebais,  r^h-bi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Sei\ 
6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Coulommiers.     Pop.  1224. 

Rebaix,  r^h-bi.',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
the  Dendre,  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Tournay.     Pop.^ 

Rebec'ca,  a  station  of  Terre  Bonne  parish 
the  Houma  Branch  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Houk 

Rebecq-Rognon,  r^h-bSk'-ron^is"',  a  vniage  of 
Belgium,  in  Brabant,  on  the  Sonne,  16  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Brussels.     Pop.  3020. 

Re'bersburg,  a  post-village  in  Miles  and  Brush  Val- 
ley townships,  Centre  co..  Pa.,  15  miles  S.  of  Lock  Haven. 
It  has  4  churches  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  450. 

Rebrisora,  ri-bre-so'ri,  or  Kis-Rebra,  kish-ri'- 
br6h\  a  village  of  Transylvania,  16  miles  from  Bistritz. 
Pop.  2371. 

Rebstcin,  rJp'stine,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  S.E.  of  St.  Gall.     Pop.  1601. 

Re'buck's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northumberland  co..  Pa., 
about  20  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Danville. 

Recanati,  ri-k4-ni'tee,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Macerata, 
on  the  Musone,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Loreto.  Pop.  4345.  It 
has  a  cathedral,  a  town  hall  rich  in  works  of  art,  and  an 
aqueduct  by  which  water  is  supplied  to  Loreto. 

Recca,  rSk'ki,  or  Reka,  ri'ki,  a  river  of  Austria, 
rises  in  the  government  of  Laybach,  flows  westward,  and 
at  Canziano,  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Triest,  plunges  into  a  chasm 
and  entirely  disappears.     Total  course,  about  30  miles. 

Recco,  rfik'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  11  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Genoa,  on  the  Mediterranean.  Pop.,  with  sub- 
urbs, 5128,  who  export  oil  and  fruits  and  build  small  vessels. 

Recey-sur-Ource,  r^h-si'-sUn-ooRss,  a  village  of 
France,  in  Cote-d'Or,  on  the  Ource,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Chatillon-sur-Seine.     Pop.  955. 

Rechau,  a  town  of  Bavaria.    See  Rehad. 

Recherche  (r^h-shairsh')  Archipelago,  off  the 
S.W.  coast  of  Australia,  is  mostly  between  lat.  34°  and  35° 
S.,  Ion.  122°  E. 

Recherche  Bay,  near  the  S.  extremity  of  Tasmania. 
Lat.  43°  35'  S. ;  Ion.  147°  5'  E. 

Recherche  Island,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Lat.  11" 
40'  3"  S.;  Ion.  166°  45'  E. 

Rechicourt  le  Chateau,  r§h-sheeMcooR'  l^h  shilHo' 
(Ger.  Jiixiiigen,  rix'ing-?n),  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Lor- 
raine, 11  miles  S.W.  of  Saarburg,  on  the  railway  from  Paris 
to  Strasburg. 

Rechitza,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Rezhitsa. 

Rechnitz,  r^K'nits,  or  Rohoncz,  ro^honts',  a  town 
of  Hungary,  in  Eisenburg,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Giins.     P.  3989. 

Recife,  rA-see'fd,  or  Arrecife,  au-ni-see'fd  {i.e., 
"reef;"  or  Gidade  do  Recife,  se-d3,'dA  do  rA-sce'fi,  i.e., 
"City  of  the  Reef"),  called  also  Pernambuco,  p^R- 
nSm-boo'ko,  a  city  of  Brazil,  capital  of  the  state  of  Per- 
nambuco, on  the  Atlantic.  Lat.  8°  3'  6"  N. ;  Ion.  34" 
51'  7"  W.  It  consists  of  three  distinct  quarters :  1,  the 
town  of  San  Pedro  Gongalves,  on  a  sandy  peninsula ;  2, 
the  village  of  Sao  Sacramento,  on  the  island  of  Santo  An- 
tonio, between  the  rivers  Biberibe  and  Capibaribe,  and  con- 
nected with  the  continent  by  two  bridges;  3,  the  village 
of  Sacramento  or  Boa  Vista.  The  town  is  a  railway  ter- 
minus, and  the  landing-place  of  a  telegraph  cable  to  Lisbon. 
The  port  is  defended  by  4  forts,  and  tne  harbor  is  pro- 
tected by  an  extensive  reef  %i  rocks.  It  is  only  fit  for 
vessels  drawing  less  than  12  feet  of  water.  The  chief 
buildings  are  the  governor's  palace,  the  episcopal  palace, 
and  the  new  hospitivl.  It  has  2  Latin  and  several  other 
schools,  and  a  considerable  trade  with  European  ports. 
The  chief  exports  are  cotton,  sugar,  and  dye-wood.  This 
city  is  sometimes  called  the  "Venice  of  America,"  on  ac- 
count of  its  numerous  water-ways.    Estimated  pop.  150,000. 

Reckem,  r5k'k?m,  or  Reckheim,  rik'hime,  a  town 
of  Belgian  Limbourg,  5  miles  N.N.E.  of  Maestricht. 

Reckem,  a  frontier  village  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flan- 
ders, on  the  Lys,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Courtrai.     Pop.  2257. 

Reck'lesstown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burlington  co., 
N.J.,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Bordentown.     It  has  a  church. 

Recklinghausen,  rfik'ling-hSw'z^n,  a  town  of  Prus- 
sia, in  AVestphalia,  31  miles  S.W.  of  Miinster.  It  has 
manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  beer,  <fec.     Pop.  4858. 

Recoaro,  ri-ko-i'ro,  a  village  of  Italy,  19  miles  N.W, 
of  Vicenza.  Pop.  5639.  It  has  chalybeate  springs,  the 
waters  of  which  are  exported. 

Recov'ery,  a  township  of  Mercer  co.,  0.     Pop.  1118. 

Rec'tortown  Station,  a  post- village  of  Fauquier  co., 
Va.,  on  the  railroad  between  Manassas  and  Front  Royal, 
19  miles  E.  of  Front  Royal,  and  62  miles  W.  of  Wash- 
ington, D.C. 

Rectorville,  Hamilton  co.,  111.    See  Brougbton. 


HEC 


2256 


RED 


Rec'torvillO)  a  post-office  of  Mason  oo.,  Ky.,  8  milos 
from  Mnysvillo. 

Iteculetf  rfh-kliM^',  the  loftiest  point  of  the  Jura 
Mountains,  in  France,  department  of  Ain,  10  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Geneva. 

Kcdnni;,  r&-d&ng',  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  Sinm,  E. 
of  tho  Miiliiy  Peninsula.     Lat.  5°  60'  N. ;  Ion.  103°  E. 

Red  Apple,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  oo.,  Ala. 

Itcd  Ilauk,  a  village  of  Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Delaware  River,  0  miles  below  Camden.  It  has  a  church. 
Here  a  battle  was  fought  between  the  Americans  and  the 
UcssiiiiKS  Ootobor  21,  1777. 

Red  Hank,  a  post-town  of  Monmouth  oo.,  N.J.,  in 
Shrewsbury  township,  on  the  Shrewsbury  River,  and  on 
the  Now  Jersey  Southern  Railroad,  28  miles  S.  of  New  York, 
and  about  7  miles  N.W.  of  Long  Branch.  It  is  said  to 
be  the  most  flourishing  town  in  Monmouth  oo.  Steamboats 
run  daily  from  New  York  to  Red  Bank.  It  contains  6 
churches,  2  national  banks,  several  academies  or  graded 
schools,  a  line  hotel,  a  newspaper  office,  an  iron-foundry,  2 
steam  saw-mills,  a  brush-factory,  Ac.  Oysters  and  fish  are 
abundant  here.     Pop.  in  1880,  2684;  in  1890,  4145. 

Red  Bank,  a  township  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa.    P.  1341. 

Red  Uuiik,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  Tenn. 

Red  Bank,  a  post-hamlet  of  Halifax  co.,  Va.,  13  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Clarksville. 

Red  Bank  Creek,  Mississippi,  enters  Coldwater  River 
in  Do  Soto  CO. 

Red  Bank  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  JefTcrson 
CO.,  and  runs  first  southwestward,  then  runs  westward, 
forms  the  boundary  between  the  cos.  of  Armstrong  and 
Clarion,  and  enters  the  Alleghany  River  about  3  miles 
below  Brady's  Bend.     It  is  nearly  80  miles  long. 

Red  Bark  Fnr'nace,  a  post-village  of  Clarion  co.. 
Pa.,  in  Madison  township,  at  the  mouth  of  Red  Bank 
Creek,  64  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Pittsburg.  Here  is  Red 
Bank  Station  on  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  also  the 
W.  terminus  of  the  Low  Graile  division  of  that  road. 

Red  Banks,  a  ]iost-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  Miss.,  9 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Holly  Springs.     It  has  a  church. 

Red  Banks,  a  post-office  of  Robeson  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Carolina  Central  Railroad,  84  miles  W.N.W.  of  Wilmington. 

Red  Beach,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Me.,  on 
the  St.  Croix  River,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Calais. 

Red  Bird,  a  post-office  of  Bell  co.,  Ky. 

Red  Bird,  a  post-office  of  Holt  co..  Neb. 

Red  Blutf,  a  post-office  of  Jefierson  co.,  Ark. 

Red  Blutf,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Tehama  co.,  Cal., 
on  tho  Sacramento  River,  at  the  head  of  navigation,  and 
on  tho  Oregon  division  of  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad, 
about  230  miles  by  water,  or  135  miles  by  rail,  above  Sacra- 
mento. Steamboats  can  ascend  the  river  to  this  place  in 
all  seasons.  It  has  3  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  bank, 
and  manufactories  of  lumber  and  flour.     Pop.  (1890)  2608. 

Red  Blutf,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ga. 

Red  Bluff,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Montana. 

Red  Bluff,  township,  Marlborough  co.,  S.C.     P.  3492. 

Red  Blutf,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wythe  co.,  Va.,  9  miles 
S.  of  Max  Meadows.     It  has  a  church. 

Red  Boil'ing  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Macon  co., 
Tenn.,  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Gallatin.  It  has  several  stores 
and  mineral  springs.     Pop.  about  200. 

Red  Bridge,  a  station  in  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  on 
the  Springfield,  Athol  &,  Northeastern  Railroad,  13  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Springfield. 

Red  Bud,  a  post-office  of  Etowah  co.,  Ala. 

Red  Bud,  a  station  of  the  Mobile  &  Alabama  Grand 
Trunk  Railroad,  35i  miles  N.  of  Mobile,  Ala. 

Red  Bud,  a  post-office  of  Gordon  co.,  Ga. 
■  Red  Bud,  a  post-vill.age  of  Randolph  co..  111.,  on  the 
Cairo  <k  St.  Louis  Railroad,  37  miles  S.S.E.  of  St.  Louis, 
Mo.,  and  about  21  miles  S.  of  Belleville.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  2  flour-mills, 
and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  1176. 

Red  Bud,  a  post-office  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas,  29  miles 
B.E.  of  Wichita. 

Red  Bud,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  Ky. 

Red  Buttes,  but,  a  post-office  of  Albany  co.,  Wyoming, 
on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of  Laramie. 

Red'car,  a  town  and  sea-bathing-place  of  England,  co. 
of  York,  North  Riding,  6  miles  N.  of  Guisborough,  on  the 
Btockton  A  Darlington  Railway.     Pop.  1943. 
'   Red  Ce'dar,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  eo.,  Iowa. 

Red  Cedar,  a  township  of  Dunn  co..  Wis.     Pop.  662. 

Red  Cedar  Lake,  Wisconsin,  is  in  the  N.E.  part  of 
Barron  co.,  and  is  one  of  the  sources  of  Red  Cedar  River. 
It  is  about  6  miles  long. 


Red  Cedar  (or  Menomonec)  River  is  the  outlet 
of  several  small  lakes  which  lie  in  Chippewa  and  Barron 
COS.,  Wis.  It  runs  southward,  intersects  the  cos.  of  Barron 
and  Dunn,  and  enters  the  Chippewa  River  about  12  miles 
S.  of  Menomonee.  Length,  about  125  miles.  See  also 
Cedah  RivKn. 

Red  Clay,  a  post-village  of  Whitfield  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
railroad  which  connects  Dalton  with  Cleveland,  obout  18 
miles  N.  of  Dalton.  It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 
The  station  at  this  place  is  called  State  Line,  and  is  on  the 
N.  boundary  of  the  state. 

Red  Clay  Creek  rises  in  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  runs  nearly 
southward  into  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  and  unites  with  Whit« 
Clay  Creek  about  6  miles  S.W.  of  Wilmington. 

Red  Cloud,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Ind.,  about  18 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Vinccnncs. 

Red  Cloud,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Webster  co., 
Neb.,  on  the  Republican  River,  and  on  the  RepublicnD 
Valley  Railroad,  41  miles  S.  of  Hastings,  and  28  miles  E.  of 
Bloomington.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  cjir- 
riage-shop,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,1831). 

Red  Cloud  Agency,  an  Indian  agency  of  Nebraska, 
on  the  head-waters  of  the  White  River,  130  miles  N.  of 
Sidney,  and  2  miles  from  Camp  Robinson. 

Redely tfe,  red'kllf,  a  post-office  of  Forest  co.,  Pa. 

Red  Creek,  Mississippi,  rises  in  Marion  co.,  runs  south 
eastward  through  Harrison  co.,  and  enters  Black  Creek  about 
3  miles  S.W.  of  Americus. 

Red  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Barber  co.,  Kan.oas. 

Red  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Wolcott  township,  Wayne 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Red  Creek,  and  on  the  Lake  Ontario  Shore 
Railroad,  21  miles  S.W.  of  Oswego.  It  has  2  or  3  churches, 
a  seminary,  2  grist-mills,  2  saw-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  529. 

Red  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Tucker  co.,  W.  Va. 

Red  Cross,  a  hamlet  of  Leflore  co.,  Miss.,  on  the  Tal- 
lahatchco  River,  35  miles  W.S.W.  of  Grenada.  Here  is  a 
steamboat-landing. 

Red  Cross,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C. 

Red  Deer,  a  river  of  British  America,  rises  on  the  E. 
side  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  expands  into  a  lake  of  the 
same  name,  flows  S.E.,  and,  after  a  course  of  80  miles,  joins 
the  Saskatchewan  in  lat.  50°  40'  N.,  Ion.  110°  5'  W. 

Red'den,  a  post-office  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  on  the  Junc- 
tion &  Breakwater  Railroad,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Georgetown. 

Redden,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas,  8  miles  S. 
of  Peabody. 

Red  Desert,  dez'^rt,  a  station  of  the  Union  Pacifio 
Railroad,  52  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Rawlins,  Wyoming. 

Reddie's  (red'diz)  River,  post-office,  Wilkes  co.,  N.C. 

Red'ding,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Shasta  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Sacramento  River,  and  on  the  Oregon  division  of  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  35  miles  N.  of  Red  Blufi".  Pop. 
in  1890,  1821. 

Redding,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co.,  Conn.,  in 
Redding  township,  about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Bridgeport.  It 
is  on  the  Saugatuck  River,  4  miles  E.  of  Redding  Station, 
which  is  6i  wiles  by  rail  S.  of  Danbury.  It  has  2  churches. 
The  township  contains  the  hamlet  of  West  Redding,  at 
Redding  Station.     Pop.  in  1890,  1546. 

Redding,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1525^ 

Redding,  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.    See  Readi.vo. 

Redding,  a  post-office  of  Ringgold  co.,  Iowa,  about  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Mt.  Ayr. 

Redding  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  in  Redding  township, 
Fairfield  co..  Conn.,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Danbury.  It  has  • 
church,  the  Redding  Institute,  and  manufactures  of  horn 
buttons  and  combs. 

Red'dington,  a  post-hamlet  in  Redding  township, 
Jackson  co.,  Ind.,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Jones  ville.   It  has  a  church. 

Red'ditch,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Worcester,  12 
miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Birmingham.  Pop.  6135,  mostly 
employed  in  the  manufacture  of  needles  and  fish-hooks. 

Red  El'ephaut,  a  post-office  and  mining-village  of 
Clear  Creek  co.,  Col.,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Georgetown. 

R6den6,  ri'd?h-ni',  a  village  of  France,  in  FinistJre, 
3i  miles  E.S.E.  of  Quimperl6.     Pop.  1338. 

Redesis,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Ronco. 

Red  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Prattsville  township, 
Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Batavia  Kill,  about  42  miles  S.W. 
of  Albany.  It  has  a  cotton-factory,  a  flouring-mill,  a  saw- 
mill, and  a  creamery. 

Red'tield,  a  post-village  in  Union  township,  Dallns  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Middle  Coon  River,  about  32  miles  W.  of  Dei 
Moines.  It  has  a  church,  a  woollen-factory,  and  2  flouring 
mills.     Coal  abounds  here. 

Redfield,  a  post-office  of  Bourbon  co.,  Kansas,  9  milei 
W.  of  Fort  Scott. 


RED 


2257 


RED 


Redfield,  or  Centre  Square,  a  post-village  in  Red- 
field  township,  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Salmon  River,  about 
30  miles  N.W.  of  Rome.  It  has  3  churches,  2  tanneries,  a 
cheese-factory,  and  a  grist-mill.  Pop.  of  the  township, 
1060.     The  Salmon  River  falls  100  feet  near  this  village. 

Redfield,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Spink  co.,  S.D.,  41 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Aberdeen.     Pop.  in  1890,  796. 

Red'ford,  a  post-village  in  Redford  township,  Wayne 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Rouge  River,  3  miles  from  Redford  Sta- 
tion of  the  Detroit,  Lansing  <fc  Lake  Michigan  Railroad,  and 
12i  miles  W.N.W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  saw- 
mill, 2  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  a  broom-factory,  and  a 
briok-yard.  Pop.  about  300;  of  the  township,  1877.  See 
also  Oak. 

Redford,  a  post- village  of  Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Sara- 
nac  township,  on  the  Saranac  River,  about  20  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Plattsburg.  It  contains  2  or  3  churches  and  several 
saw-mills. 

Red  Fork,  a  post-village  of  Desha  co..  Ark.,  on  the 
Arkansas  River,  about  6  miles  N.  of  Watson,  and  2  miles 
from  the  Little  Rock,  Pino  BIufiF  &  New  Orleans  Railroad. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Red  Gap,  a  post-ofRce  of  Eastland  co.,  Tex. 

Red  Haw,  a  post-hamlet  in  Perry  township,  Ashland 
CO.,  0.,  about  15  miles  N.W.  of  Wooster.  It  has  2  stores 
and  a  tannery. 

Red  Hill,  a  post-oflSce  of  Marshall  co.,  Ala.,  about  38 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Huntsville. 

Red  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Oa.,  6  miles  N. 
of  Carnesville.     Here  is  a  church. 

Red  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Ilardin  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Pa- 
duoah  &  Elizabethtown  Railroad,  32  miles  S.S.W.  of  Louis- 
ville. 

Red  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  in  Moultonborough  township, 
Carroll  co.,  N.U.,  6  miles  from  Meredith  Village. 

Red  Hill,  post-township,  Mitchell  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  633. 

Red  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Perkioraen  Railroad,  23  miles  S.  of  Allentown,  and  |  of 
a  mile  from  Hanover  Station.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a 
cigar-factory. 

JRed  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marlborough  co.,  S.C,  in 
Red  Hill  township,  8  miles  S.  of  Bennettsville. 

Red  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Tex.,  12  miles 
from  Queen  City.-    It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Red  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albemarle  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  near  the  Blue  Ridge,  9i  miles 
S.W.  of  Charlottesville. 

Red  Hook,  a  post-village  in  Red  Hook  township, 
Dutchess  CO.,  N.Y.,  about  2i  miles  E.  of  the  Hudson  River, 
22  miles  N.  of  Poughkeepsie,  and  46  miles  S.  of  Albany, 
It  contains  3  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  a  tobacco-factory.  Pop.  935.  The  township  contains 
villages  named  Barrytown,  Annandale,  Madalin,  and  Ti- 
Toli,  all  on  or  near  the  Hudson  River  Railroad.  Red  Hook 
Station  is  7i  miles  by  rail  N.B.  of  Rhinecliff.  The  banks 
of  the  Hudson  River  on  the  W,  border  of  Red  Hook  are 
adorned  with  numerous  elegant  mansions  and  villas.  Pop. 
of  the  township  in  1890,  4388. 

Red  House,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  oo.,  Ind. 

Red  House,  a  post-office  and  station  ia  Red  Houso 
township,  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Alleghany  River, 
and  on  the  Atlantic  <fc  Great  Western  Railroad,  27  miles  E. 
of  Jamestown.  Here  is  an  Indian  reservation.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  453. 

Red  House,  a  post-hamlet  of  Charlotte  co.,  Va.,  about 
25  miles  S.E.  of  Lynchburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Red  House  Shoals,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co., 
W.  Vu.,  on  tho  Kanawha  River,  8  miles  N.  of  Scott's  Depot. 
It  has  2  or  3  churches. 

Red'ington,a  post-village  in  Lower  Saucon  township, 
Northampton  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh  River,  and  on  tlie 
Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Easton.  It  ha«  a 
church  and  a  furnace  for  pig-iron. 

Redinha,  ri-deen'yi,  a  village  of  Portugal,  province 
of  Estremadura,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pombal.     Pop.  2037. 

Red  Island,  a  large  island  in  Placentia  Bay,  New- 
foundland, 12  miles  from  Little  Placentia.     Pop.  227. 

Red  Island,  a  post-village  in  Richmond  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  an  island  on  the  E.  side  of  Bras  d'Or  Lake,  55 
miles  from  Port  Hawkesbury.     Pop.  776. 

Red  Island,  a  small  island  off  the  S.  coast  of  New- 
foundland, 6  miles  from  Burgee.     Pop.  52. 
•   Red  Island,  in  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  9  miles  N.  of 
Green  Island,  and  opposite  the  mouth  of  the  Saguenay. 

Red  Jack'et,  a  village  of  Houghton  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Calumet  township,  adjacent  to  the  Calumet  and  Hecla  mine 
'copper)..    It  has  several  stores.    Pop.  in  1890,  3073. 


Red  Jacket,  a  post-office  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y. 
Red'key,  a  post-village  in  Richland  township.  Jay  c^., 
Ind.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  14 
miles  S.E.  of  Hartford,  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a 
saw-mill,  and  a  brick-yard.  Pop.  about  350.  It  was  for- 
merly called  Mount  Vernon. 

Red  Lake,  Minnesota,  is  in  the  N.  part  of  Beltrami 
CO.,  and  is  intersected  by  the  48th  parallel  of  N.  latitude. 
It  is  about  35  miles  long,  and  from  2  to  13  miles  wide. 
The  surplus  water  is  discharged  through  Red  Lake  River, 
which  issues  from  the  western  end  of  the  lake. 

Red  Lake,  a  post-office  and  Chippewa  Indian  village 
of  Beltrami  co.,  Minn.,  on  Red  Lake,  100  miles  N.  of  De- 
troit, It  has  a  church,  a  boarding-school,  and  a  saw-milL 
Pop.  of  Reservation,  1163. 

Red  Lake  Falls,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co,,  Minn.,  20 
miles  N.E.  of  Crookston. 

Red  Lake  River,  Minnesota,  is  the  outlet  of  Red 
Lake.  It  runs  westward  through  Polk  co.,  traverses  ex- 
tensive undulating  or  level  prairies,  and  enters  the  Red 
River  of  the  North  about  lat.  47°  49'  N.  It  is  about  100 
miles  long,  and  its  lower  part  is  navigable. 

Red  Land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co..  Ark.,  40  milea 
W.N.W.  of  Arkadelphia,     It  hhS  3  churches. 

Red  Land,  a  village  of  Bosiier  parish.  La.,  about  36 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Shreveport.  It  has  3  churches,  a  car- 
riage-shop, and  a  seminary. 

lled'land,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md. 

Red  Land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pontotoc  co..  Miss.,  about 
56  miles  N.N.W.  of  Columbus.     It  has  a  church. 

Red  Land,  or  Whitehall,  a  post- village  of  Adams 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Gettysburg,  It  has  a  church 
and  a  carriage-shop. 

Red  Lev'el,  a  post-office  of  Covington  co.,  Ala. 

Red  Lick,  a  post-office  of  Metcalfe  co.,  Ky. 

Red  Lick,  a  post-vill.age  of  Jefferson  co.,  Miss.,  9  milea 
N.E.  of  Fayette,     It  has  3  churches. 

Red  Li'on,  a  post-hamlet  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  in 
New  Castle  hundred,  on  a  creek  at  the  head  of  tide,  1  mile 
from  tho  Delaware  Railroad,  and  about  12  miles  S.W.  of 
Wilmington,     It  has  a  church,  a  hotel,  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Red  Lion,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  3i 
miles  S.  of  Vincentown. 

Red  Lion,  a  post-village  in  Clear  Creek  township, 
Warren  co.,  0.,  20  miles  S.  of  Dayton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Red  Lion,  a  station  in  Berks  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Catasau- 
qua  &  Fogelsville  Railroad,  19  miles  S.S.W.  of  Catasauqua. 

Red  Lion,  a  post-village  in  Windsor  and  Y'ork  town- 
ships, York  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Peach  Bottom  Railroad,  10  miles 
S.E,  of  York,     It  has  2  churches  and  3  cigar-factories. 

Red  Mills,  a  village  in  Midland  township,  Bergen  co., 
N.J.,  1  mile  from  Rochello  Park.  It  has  a  church,  a  manu- 
factory of  blankets,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Red  Mills,  a  village  in  Lisbon  township,  St.  Lawrence 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  St.  Lawrence  River,  about  7  miles  below 
Ogdensburg,  It  haa  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw- 
mill. The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Lisbon,  The  rapids 
of  the  river  here  afford  immense  water-power. 

Red'mon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Edgar  co.,  III.,  on  the 
Illinois  Midland  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Paris.  It 
has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  3  stores.     Pop.  about  150. 

Red'mond,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad,  14  miles  S.  of  Huntsville. 

Red  Mound,  a  post-office  of  Vernon  co..  Wis. 

Red  Mount'ain,  a  range  or  group  in  Wyoming,  neax 
Yellowstone  Lake,  the  culminating  point  being  Sheri- 
DAS  Mount  (which  see).  A  large  part  of  this  mountain  is 
formed  of  purplish-pink  porphyry,  which  is  ferruginous 
and  after  exposure  to  the  weather  acquires  a  dark-red  tint. 

Red  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  N.C. 

Red  Mountain  City,  a  post-village  of  Deer  Lodge 
CO.,  Montana,  about  70  miles  S.S.W.  of  Helena.  It  has 
mines  of  gold  and  silver. 

Red'nersville,  a  post-village  in  Prince  Edward  co., 
Ontario,  on  the  Bay  of  Quinte,  3  miles  from  Belleville. 

Rednitz,  rfid'nits,  a  river  of  Bavaria,  after  a  N.  course 
of  50  miles  joins  the  Pegnitz  at  Fiirth  to  form  the  Regnitz. 

Red  Oak,  a  post-oflice  of  Campbell  co.,  Ga. 

Red  Oak,  a  post-village  of  the  Choctaw  Nation,  In- 
dian Territory,  46  miles  S.  of  Fort  Smith.   It  has  2  churches. 

Red  Oak,  a  township  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  496. 

Red  Oak,  or  Red  Oak  Junction,  a  post-village, 
capital  of  Montgomery  co.,  Iowa,  is  finely  situated  in  Red 
Oak  township,  on  the  East  Nishnabatona  River,  and  on  the 
Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  39  miles  E.of  Phitts- 
mouth,  and  241  miles  W.  of  Burlington.  A  branch  of  that 
railroad  extends  from  this  place  southwestward  to  Nebraska 


RfiD 


S258 


RED 


City.  It  lias  9  churohos,  2  national  banks,  printlng-olHcos 
whioh  is«uo  I  dHily  and  2  weekly  nowspupcra,  iind  manufiio- 
tnros  of  pottery,  flour,  carriages,  furniture,  saih,  blinds, 
Ac.     Top.  in  1890,  3321 ;  of  the  township,  4184. 

Ketl  Oak*  a  po«t-oQioo  of  Grayson  co.,  Ky. 

Itc'd  Ouk,  a  pust-hiiiulct  of  Lawreuoo  oo,,  Mo.,  13  miles 
^.K.  ikf  Snrcoxie.     It  hiis  a  church. 

ItcU  Oilk,  a  post-ofllco  of  Nash  oo.,  N.C. 

Red  Oiik,  a  iiost-haiulot  of  Brown  co.,  0.,  about  12 
Viilcs  X.  uf  Maysvillc,  Ky.     It  has  a  church. 

Jlcd  Oaik,  a  townsliip  of  IturnwoU  oo.,  S.C.   Top.  1849. 

Red  Oak,  a  post-villago  of  Ellis  co.,  Tox.,  10  uiiiea  W. 
of  I'alnier  Staition,  and  about  22  miles  S.  of  Dallas.  It  has 
2  storo.1  iind  a  mill. 

Red  Onk  Creek,  of  Qoorgia,  enters  Flint  Biver  in 
Meriwether  co. 

Red  Ouk  Creek,  Ellis  co.,  Tex.,  runs  eastward,  and 
enters  Trinity  llivor. 

Red  Oak  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Charlotte  co.,  Va., 
10  miles  S.  of  Roanoke  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Red  Oak  Ridge,  a  post-offioo  of  Mercer  co.,  W.  Va. 

Redon,  r?h-dAx»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Illo-ot-Vilaine, 
on  the  Vilaino,  33  miles  N.W.  of  Nantc?.  Pop.  4965.  It 
has  manufactures  of  leather,  docks  for  building  small  ves- 
sels, and  an  active  trade  in  timber  and  iron. 

Redonda,  ri-don'd&,  an  islet  of  the  British  West  In- 
dies, between  Nevis  and  Montscrrat.  Lat.  16°  55'  N. ;  Ion. 
62°  13'  W.  It  is  rocky,  barren,  and  only  inhabited  by 
workers  in  its  mines  of  the  phosphate  of  alumina  and  iron. 

Redonda,  nn  islet  of  the  British  West  Indies,  off  the 
N.  extremity  of  Grenada. 

Redonda,  r4-don'd&,  an  island  of  Brasil,  in  the  en- 
trance of  the  Bay  of  llio  Janeiro,  W.  of  the  island  of  liazo. 

Redondcia,  r4-Don-dd'l&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
of  Pontevcdra,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Rcdondela  in  the  Bay 
of  Vigo,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Vigo.     Pop.  1806. 

Rcdondesco,  r^-don-dds'ko,  or  Rodondcsco,  ro- 
don-dis'ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  14  miles  W.  of 
Mantua.     Pop.  1961. 

Redondo,  ri-don'do,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of 
AlenUojo,  22  miles  E.  of  Evora.     Pop.  3387. 

Rcdoot  (or  Redout)  Kal6,  ri-doot'  k&-Ii',  a  town 
and  fort  of  Russian  Transcaucasia,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Khopi  in  the  Black  Sea,  20  miles  N.  of  Poti.     Pop.  617. 

Red  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  of  the  Park  Range, 
in  lat.  39°  36'  N.,  Ion.  106°  11'  W.  It  has  an  altitude  of 
12,382  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Red  Plains,  a  post-hamlot  of  Yadkin  co.,  N.C,  on 
the  Yadkin,  40  miles  N.  of  Salisbury.     It  has  a  nursery. 

Red  Plains,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Va.,  6 
miles  S.  of  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad.  It 
has  several  churches  near  it. 

Red  Point,  a  post-office  of  Dent  co..  Mo. 

Red  Point,  a  post-villago  in  Kings  co.,  Prince  Edward 
Island,  56  miles  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  150. 

Red  Riv'rr  (Fr.  Itiviire  Rouge,  roe've-aiii'  roozh  ;  Sp. 
Rio  Colorado,  ree'o  ko-lo-ri'do),  the  southernmost  of  the 
great  tributaries  of  the  Mississippi,  rises  in  the  Staked 
Plains,  an  arid  table-land  near  the  E.  border  of  New  Mex- 
ico, about  lat.  35°  N.  and  Ion.  103°  10'  W.  It  runs  east- 
ward, intersects  the  northwestern  part  of  Texas,  passing 
through  a  great  canon  as  yet  unexplored,  and  strikes  the 
southwest  corner  of  the  Indian  Territory  in  Ion.  100°  \V. 
Below  this  point  it  runs  nearly  eastward,  with  a  small  de- 
viation to  the  S.,  and  traverses  extensive  prairies  or  plains 
nearly  destitute  of  forests.  It  forms  the  entire  southern 
boundary  of  the  Indian  Territory,  which  it  separates  from 
the  state  of  Texas.  Having  crossed  the  eastern  boundary 
of  Texas,  it  runs  eastward  to  Fulton,  Ark.,  from  which  it 
flows  southward  to  Shreveport,  La.  Running  thence  nearly 
southeastward,  it  intersects  the  parishes  of  Red  River, 
Natchitoches,  Rapides,  and  Avoyelles,  in  Louisiana,  and 
enters  the  Mississippi  River  about  lat.  31°  N.  Its  length 
is  estimated  at  1600  miles.  It  receives  only  one  large 
affluent,  the  Ouachita,  which  enters  near  the  mouth  of  tbo 
Red  River,  Steamboats  can  ascend  it  to  Shreveport,  about 
350  miles  from  its  month,  during  7  months  of  the  year.  A 
few  miles  above  Shreveport  the  navigation  was  formerly 
obstructed  by  the  Great  Raft,  a  collection  of  drift-wood, 
trees,  kc,  about  15  miles  in  extent,  but  which  has  lately 
been  cut  through,  enabling  small  steamboats  to  ascend  sev- 
eral hundred  miles  farther.  The  area  drained  by  this  river 
is  estimated  by  Prof.  Guyot  at  97,000  square  miles,  and  the 
water  discharged  in  a  second  at  57,000  cubic  feet. 

Red  River,  Kentucky,  rises  in  AVolfe  co.,  runs  west- 
ward through  Powell  co.,  and  enters  the  Kentucky  River 
on  the  S.  l>order  of  Clark  co.    It  is  nearly  70  miles  long. 


Red  River,  a  small  stream  of  Middle  Tennessee,  draini 
nart  of  Kubertson  oo,,  runs  westward,  and  enters  the  Cum- 
Lurland  River  at  Clarkaville. 

Red  River,  Shawano  co.,  Wis.,  mns  f>outheastward, 
and  enters  the  Wolf  River  4  or  5  miles  nbovc  Shawiino. 

Red  River,  a  parish  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Louisi.ii 
has  an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.    It  is  interseoli  ! 
Red  River,  and  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Bayou  i'ierre.     I 
S.  end  of  Lake  Bistinoau  is  coui)iriscd  in  this  narish.    l'h« 
soil  is  fertile,  and  produces  cotton  and  corn.     It  has  furoiti 
of  the  ash,  cypress,  oak,  pine,  Ac.     Capital,  Coushutta 
Pop.  in  1880,  8673;  in  1890,  11,318. 

Red  River,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Texas,  hni 
nn  area  of  about  1060  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.  by  Red  River,  on  the  S.  by  the  Sulphur  Fork  of  Uud 
River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  extensively  cov- 
ered with  forests  of  the  hickory,  ash,  oak,  osage  orange, 
and  black  walnut.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cattle,  cotton,  In- 
dian corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  The  rocks 
whioh  underlie  this  county  are  of  the  cretaceous  formation. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  Texas  k  Pnoific  Railroad.  Cupilul, 
Clarksvillo.  Pop,  in  1870,  10,663;  in  1880,  17,194;  in 
1890,  21,452. 

Red  River,  a  post-hamlet  in  Red  River  township,  Ke- 
waunee CO.,  Wis.,  about  18  miles  N.E.  of  the  city  of  tirccn 
Bay.  It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill.  The  township 
is  bounded  N.AV.  by  Green  Bay,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1403. 

Red  River  City,  a  station  of  Grayson  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  Red  River,  3  miles  N.  of  Denison.  It  is  the  N.  ter- 
minus of  the  Houston  k  Texas  Central  Railroad,  which 
connects  here  with  the  Missouri,  Kansas  k  Te.xas  Rnilroad. 

Red  River  City,  a  hamlet  of  Red  River  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  Red  River,  15  miles  N.  of  Clarksvillo.  Hero  is  Walnut 
Grove  Post-Office. 

Red  River  Iron-Works,  a  post-village  of  E.Hill  co., 
Ky.,  near  the  Red  River,  about  40  miles  S.E.  of  Lexington. 
Pig-iron  is  produced  here. 

lied  River  Land'ing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pointo  Coup6« 
parish.  La.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  near  the  mouth  of 
Red  River,  and  50  miles  above  Bayou  Sara. 

Red  River  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Logan  co.,  Ky., 
on  Red  River,  about  45  miles  S.W.  of  Bowling  Green.  It 
has  a  flour-mill  and  a  woollen-factory. 

Red  River  of  the  North  rises  in  Elbow  Lake,  in 
Minnesota,  near  lat.  47°  6'  N.,  at  an  altitude  of  l^SO  feet 
above  the  sea-level.  It  rung  nearly  southward,  and  expands 
into  a  lake  named  Otter  Tail.  It  next  runs  westward  to 
Breckenridge,  where  it  strikes  the  eastern  boundary  of 
Dakota  and  turns  abruptly  to  the  right.  Below  this  point 
it  forms  the  boundary  between  Dakota  and  Minnesota, 
until  it  passes  beyond  the  N.  frontier  of  the  United  States. 
After  it  has  reached  lat.  46°  30'  N.,  it  runs  northward  with 
a  very  direct  and  undeviating  course  for  several  hundred 
miles,  passing  through  a  fertile,  treeless  ]>Iain  which  is  re- 
markably level.  "  This  valley,  or  rather  ]>lain,"  says  Cyrus 
Thomas,  "  extends  northward  from  Lake  Traverse  to  Luke 
Winnipeg,  having  an  average  width  of  30  or  35  miles,  one 
uniform  level  scarcely  interrupted  by  a  swell  or  depression. 
There  is,  perhaps,  no  place  on  the  continent  that  so  fully 
meets  our  idea  of  a  flat  or  '  dead  level'  country  as  this  val- 
ley." This  river  intersects  the  British  province  of  Mani- 
toba, and  enters  the  S.  end  of  Lake  Winnipeg  near  hit.  50° 
20'  N.  Its  length  is  estimated  nt  650  miles.  Northward 
from  Breckenridge  to  its  mouth  it  has  a  descent  of  about  1 
foot  in  a  mile.     It  is  navigable  for  steamboats. 

Red  River  Springs,  a  post-office  of  San  Miguel  co,. 
New  Mexico. 

Red  River  Station  (Salt  Creek  Post-Office),  a  village 
of  Montague  co.,  Tex.,  on  Red  River,  85  miles  W.  by  N. 
of  Sherman.     It  has  a  church. 

Red  Rock,  a  ])ost-office  of  Newton  co..  Ark. 

Red  Rock,  a  post-village  in  Red  Rock  township,  Ma- 
rion CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Dcs  Moines  River,  5  miles  S.W.  of 
Otley,  and  32  miles  E.S.E.  of  Dcs  Moines.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  255;  of  the  township,  1445. 

Red  Rock,  a  post-ofiice  of  Cottonwood  co.,  Minn, 

Red  Rock,  a  township  of  Mower  co.,  Minn.     P.  710. 

Red  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  in  Canaan  township,  Colum- 
bia co.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  from  East  Chatham,  and  26  miles  S.S.U. 
of  Albany.     It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Red  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  about  24 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Wilkesbarre,  Pa.   See  also  Fostek  Brook. 

Red  Rock,  a  post-village  of  Bastrop  co.,  Tex.,  30  milca 
S.E.  of  Austin.     It  has  several  churches  and  3  stores. 

Red  Run,  a  post-hamlet  in  Brecknock  township,  Lan- 
caster co..  Pa.,  about  15  miles  S.W.  of  Reading.  It  has  a 
flour-mili  and  a  cigar-factory. 


RED 


BEE 


Redruth,  rfid'ruth,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Cornwall, 
I  9  miles  AV.N.W,  of  Falmouth.  Population  extensively  em- 
I  ployed  in  rich  copper-  and  tin-mines.  The  town  has  2 
'  churches,  a,  modern  grammar-school,  a  union  workhouse, 
an  elegant  clocic-tower,  a  roading-rooai,  a  branch  bank, 
and  a  small  theatre.     Pop.  of  parish,  10,685. 

llcd  Sea,  or  Ara'biau  Gulf  (Fr.  Mer  Jlouge,  main 
roozh,  or  Ool/e  Arabi'que,  golf  i"r.Vbeek' ;  Ger.  Jiothes  Meer, 
ro't^s  main,  or  Aruhisclien  Meerbtisen,  i-r3,'bish-§n  maiu'- 
,  boo-z^n;  It.  Mar  Roaso,  man  ros'so;  Sp.  Mnr  liojo,  man 
'ro'lio;  anc.  Erythrx'um  Ma' re,  or  Ma' re  Jiii'brum  ;  Gr. 
i'ipuBfio.  ©dAoo-o-a,  Eruthra  ThuUisga),  sin  extensive  inland 
jea,  communicating  with  the  Indian  Ocean  by  the  Strait 
tof  Bab-el-Mandcb,  and  stretching  in  a  N.N.W.  direction 
between  Arabia  on  the  E.  and  Egypt  on  the  W.,  and  only 
'Se])aratcd  from  the  Mediterranean  on  the  N.  by  the  Isthmus 
of  Suez,  which,  where  narrowest,  does  not  exceed  SO  miles 
across.  It  forms  a  very  long  and  comparatively  narrow 
expanse,  about  1450  miles  in  length.  The  breadth,  where 
•  widest,  as  on  the  tropic  of  Cancer,  does  not  exceed  200 
jmiles,  and  in  general  it  diminishes  gradually  both  at  its 
jS..and  N.  extremities.  At  the  N.  extremity  it  divides  into 
itwo  branches,  one  of  which,  forming  the  Gulf  of  Akaba, 
^penetrates  N.  by  E.  into  Arabia  for  about  IDO  miles,  with 
jan  average  breadth  of  about  15  miles;  while  the  other, 
^forming  the  Gulf  of  Suez,  follows  the  general  direction  of 
|the  sea,  and  penetrates  between  Arabia  and  Egypt  about 
1200  miles,  with  an  average  breadth  of  20  miles.  From  this 
Ipoint,  through  the  ship-canal  of  Suez,  its  waters  communi- 

icato  with  the  Mcditernincan.  In  the  fork  between  these 
two  branches  is  the  celebrated  Mount  Sinai.  The  shores, 
both  on  the  E.  and  W.,  are  for  the  most  part  sandy,  though 
IBometimcs  swampy,  from  10  to  3(1  miles  in  width,  and  sud- 
denly terminated  by  the  abutments  of  a  lofty  table-land 
;from  3000  to  6000  feet  high.  The  lied  Sea  m.ay  thus  be 
'considered  as  occupying  the  bottom  of  an  immense  longi- 
'tudinal  valley,  which  probably  at  one  time  extended  between 
itho  table-lands  without  interruption,  but  has  since  been 
partially  filled  up  by  coral-workings,  which,  extending  in 
parallel  lines  at  a  short  distance  from  either  coast,  have 
subdivided  the  sea  into  three  different  channels,  and  have 
lilso  studded  its  shores  with  numerous  small  islands.  It 
is  supposed  by  some  to  have  derived  its  name  from  the 
large  quantities  of  red  coral  and  pink-colored  fuci  which 
Sit  yields;  but  it  is  with  more  probability  derived  from  the 
iincient  Idamxa,  "  sea  of  Edom,"  Edom  signifying  "  red." 
i  In  the  main  channel  the  depth  sometimes  exceeds  230 
fathoms,  and  is  supposed  to  average  at  least  100  fathoms, 
Jut  diminishes  towards  the  extremities,  where  the  depth 
n  general  is  from  40  to  50  fathoms.  In  the  Gulf  of  Suez 
Jiis  depth  gradually  decreases  to  30  fathoms,  and  at  the 
larborof  Suez  is  only  3  fathoms;  in  the  Gulf  of  Akaba,  on 
;ho  contrary,  the  depth  is  about  the  same  as  in  the  main 
'ihannel.  The  currents  of  the  lied  Sea  are  entirely  the  re- 
mit of  its  prevailing  winds.  From  October  to  May,  when 
!.he  wind  blows  generally  with  great  constancy  from  the  S., 
>  strong  current  sets  in  from  the  Strait  of  13ab-el-Mandeb, 
uid  produces  a  general  rise  in  the  water  of  about  2  feet; 
'rem  May  to  October  the  N.  wind  continues  to  blow  with 
«ch  force  and  constancy  as  to  give  the  current  a  S.  direc- 
ion.  These  winds,  however,  proceeding  either  directly 
S.  or  S.,  alfeet  only  the  main  body  of  the  sea,  and  leave  a 
ionsiderable  belt  along  the  coast  subject  to  alternations  of 

iVBd-  and    sea-breezes   and   not   unfrequently  to   sudden 

quails.    The  principal  harbors  of  the  llcd  Sea  are,  on  the 

African  coast,  Suez,  Kosseir,  Suakin,  and  Massowa;  and 
'■n  the  Arabian  coast,  Jidda,  Yembo,  and  Ilodcida.     The 

iod  Sea  has  lately  become  important  as  a  channel  of  com- 
^neree  in  connection  with  the  Suez  Canal.    (See  Suez.) 
The  Jews  and  Phoenicians  appear  to  have  carried  on  an 

xtensive  trade  upon  this  sea;  and  after  the  destruction 
I'f  the  Persian  Empire  it  resumed  its  importance  as  the 
lirincipal  route  of  traffic  between  Europe  and  the  East, 
Uhieh  distinction  it  retained  until  the  discovery  of  the 
Uffiago  round  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope.  The  trade  from 
jhore  to  shore  at  present  is  not  of  much  importance,  eonsist- 
'ng  chiefly  of  the  transport  of  pilgrims,  considerable  num- 

ers  of  slaves,  and  some  grain  from  Egypt.     It  was  that 

art  of  the  Red  Sea  called  the  Gulf  of  Suez  that  the  Israel- 

tcs  crossed  in  their  flight  from  Egypt. 
Red  Shoals,  a  post-office  of  Stokes  co.,  N.C.,  about  34 

liles  N.N.W.  of  Greensborough. 
Red  Stoue,  a  post-offico  of  Cloud  oo.,  Kansas,  on  the 

icpublican  River,  about  62  miles  N.W.  of  Junction  City. 
Red'stone,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  Pa.,  about  2 

lilcs  S.E.  of  Brownsville,    is  bounded  N.  by   Redstone 

'reek.     Pop.  1 152. 


Redstone,  a  post-oflSce  of  Fayette  co.,  Pa.,  in  Jefferson 
township,  about  3  miles  S.E.  of  Cuokstown. 

Redstone  Creek,  Fayette  co.,  Pa.,  runs  N.AY.,  and 
enters  the  Monongahela  1  mile  below  Brownsville. 

Red  Store,  a  post-oflice  of  Phillips  co.,  Ark. 

Red  Store,  a  post-village  of  Plaquemines  parish,  La., 
on  or  near  the  Mississippi  River.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
rice-mill. 

Red  Sul'phur  Springs,  a  post-village  and  summer 
resort  of  Monroe  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  Indian  Creek,  about  36  miles 
S.W.  of  the  White  Suli)hur  Springs.  It  is  in  a  valley 
among  the  Alleghany  Mountains,  6  miles  S.  of  Rollinsburg. 

Red  VaI'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  3 
miles  from  Imlaystown.     It  has  a  church  and  a  mill. 

Red  Vermilion,  v^r-mil'yun,  a  township  of  Nemaha 
CO.,  Kansas.     Pop.  511.     It  contains  America  City. 

Red  Vermilion  Creek,  Kansas,  rises  in  Nemaha  co., 
runs  southward  through  Pottawatomie  co.,  and  enters  the 
Kansas  River  about  9  miles  S.E.  of  Louisville. 

Red  Wil'low,  a  S.W.  county  ot  Nebraska,  bordering 
on  Kansas.  Area,  720  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Republican  River,  and  drained  by  Red  Willow  Creek. 
The  surface  is  undulating  and  nearly  destitute  of  timber. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Rail- 
road.   Capital,  Indianola.    P.  in  1880,  3044;  in  1890,  8837. 

Red  Willow,  a  post-hamlet  of  Red  Willow  co..  Neb., 
about  6  miles  W.  of  Indianola. 

Red  Wine,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  parish.  La. 

Red  Wing,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minn., 
is  situated  on  the  right  or  S.W.  bank  of  the  Mississip})i 
River,  at  the  upper  end  of  Lake  Pepin,  about  1  mile  below 
the  mouth  of  the  Cannon  River,  and  58  miles  below  St. 
Paul,  and  also  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fe  St.  Paul  Rail- 
road, 41  miles  by  rail  from  St.  Paul,  and  63  miles  W.N.W, 
of  AVinona.  The  site  is  a  plain  between  the  river  and  a 
bluff  which  is  about  300  feet  high.  It  contains  a  court- 
house, 13  churches,  a  high  school,  several  grammar-schools, 
the  Red  Wing  Collegiate  Institute,  a  national  bank,  2  other 
banks,  and  3  newspaper  offices.  It  has  manufactures  of 
flour,  steam-engines,  agricultural  machinerj',  ploughs, 
lumber,  doors,  sash,  and  blinds.  Red  Wing  is  a  great 
market  for  wheat,  which  is  its  chief  article  of  export.  Pop. 
in  1880,  5876;  in  1890,  6294. 

Redwitz,  rfldSVits,  a.  town  of  Bavaria,  23  miles  E.  cf 
Baireuth.     Pon.  1903. 

Red'wood,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Minnesota, 
has  an  area  of  about  870  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  by  the  Minnesota  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the 
Redwood  and  Big  Cottonwood  Rivers.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating. The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  Indian  corn, 
grass,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Timber  is  scarce 
in  this  county,  which  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago  &  North- 
western Railroad  and  the  Minneapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railroad. 
Capital,  Redwood  Falls.  Pop.  in  1870,  1829;  in  1875, 
2982;  in  1880,  5375;  in  1890,  9386. 

Redwood,  township,  Santa  Clara  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  2978. 

Redwood,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Alexandria  township,  on  the  Black  River  &  Morristown 
Railroad,  30  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Watertown.  It  has  water- 
power  furnished  by  the  outlet  of  a  small  lake,  and  contains 
4  churches  and  a  manufactory  of  window-glass.  Pop. 
about  500. 

Redwood  City,  the  capital  of  San  Mateo  co.,  Cal., 
is  in  Redwood  township,  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad, 
at  Redwood  Station,  29  miles  S.  by  E.  of  San  Francisco, 
and  about  3  miles  S.W.  of  the  Bay  of  San  Francisco.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  a  newspaper  office,  several  ware- 
houses, a  flouring-mill,  and  5  churches.     P.  (1890)  1572. 

Redwood  Falls,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Redwood 
CO.,  Minn.,  in  a  township  of  its  own  name,  on  the  Red- 
wood River,  about  3  miles  from  its  entrance  into  the  Min- 
nesota River,  and  40  miles  above  Now  Ulm.  It  is  on  tho 
Minnesota  Valley  Railroad,  26  miles  N.N.W.  of  Sleepy  Eyo 
Lake.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  5  churches,  a  bank,  a 
graded  school,  2  flour-mills,  and  quarries  of  soapstone  and 
mineral  paint.  Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1427  ;  of  the 
village.  1238.     The  river  here  falls  22  feet  at  one  point. 

Redwood  River,  Minnesotii,  drains  part  of  Lyon 
CO.,  runs  eastward  through  Redwood  co.,  and  enters  the 
Minnesota  River  3  miles  N.E.  of  Redwood  Falls.  It  is 
nearly  75  miles  long. 

Reed,  a  township  of  Will  co.,  111.     Pop.  in  1890,  5208, 

Reed,  a  township  of  Seneca  co.,  0.     Pop.  1334. 

Reed,  a  township  of  Dauphin  oo..  Pa.     Pop.  353. 

Reed,  or  Bayside,  a  post-village  in  Westmoreland 
CO.,  New  Brunswick,  4  miles  from  Elgin  Corners.  It  has  a 
church,  4  saw-mills,  a  threshing-machine  factory,  Ac. 


RBE 


2260 


REE 


Heed  City,  a  pust-villnge  of  Oscoola  co.,  Mich.,  in  Kioh- 
mond  tuwntihip,  on  Ileriiey  Crock,  and  on  tho  Urnnd  Hnpids 
Ji  Indiana  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Flint  &  I'uro 
Marquette  Ilailroad,  69  miles  N.  of  Qrand  Rapids,  4  miles 
N.W.  of  Horsey,  and  about  64  miles  E.S.E.  of  Manistee. 
It  has  a  church,  a  money-order  post-offloo,  a  newspaper 
oflSoe,  2  grist-mills,  4  saw-mills,  a  planing-mill,  a  sash-  and 
blind-fiictory,  and  a  machino-shop.    Pop.  in  1800,  1776. 

Keed  Creek,  Wytho  co.,  Va.,  runs  eastward,  and  en- 
tors  New  River  15  miles  E.  of  Wythevillo. 

Reed  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Hart  oo.,  Ga. 

Keed  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  in  Columbia  township, 
Randolph  oo.,  N.C. 

Ileed'er,  a  township  of  Anderson  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
777.     It  contains  Central  City. 

Kceder,  a  township  of  Missaukee  oo.,  Mich.  Pop.  199. 
It  contains  Lake  City. 

Heedcr's  Mill,  a  post-offico  of  Barbour  oo.,  Ala. 

Keed'cr's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  oo.,  Iowa, 
about  26  miles  N.  by  £.  of  Council  Bluffs.  It  has  a  grist- 
mill and  saw-mill. 

Rccder's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Lexington  co.,  S.C. 

Meed  Islnnd,  a  post-office  of  Wythe  co.,  Vn. 

Heed  Level,  Covington  co.,  Ala.    See  Rkd  Lbvel. 

Reed  Planta'tion,  a  post-township  of  Aroostook  oo., 
Me.     Pop.  64. 

Reed's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jasper  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Mis- 
souri &  Western  Railroad,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Carthage.  Lead 
and  zinc  are  found  here. 

Reed's,  New  Hampshire.    See  Reed's  Fehut. 

Reed's,  a  station  in  Northumberland  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Northern  Central  Railroad,  11  miles  E.  of  Sunbury. 

Reed's,  a  station  in  Perry  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cincinnati  & 
Sluskingum  Valley  Railroad,  at  Crooks ville,  13  miles  S.  by 
AV.  of  Zancsvillo. 

Reeds'burg,  a  post-hamlet  in  Plain  township,  Wayne 
CO.,  0.,  10  miles  W.  of  Woostor.     It  has  2  churches. 

Reedsburg,  Clarion  co.,  Pa.     See  Reidsbuug. 

Reedsburg,  a  post-village  in  Reedsburg  township, 
Sauk  CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Baraboo  River,  and  on  tho  Chicago  & 
Northwestern  Railroad  (Madison  division),  about  15  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Bamboo,  and  32  miles  W.  of  Portage.  It  has 
2  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  5  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber.  It  is  noted  as  a 
market  for  hops.     Pop.  in  1890,  1737. 

Reed's  Corners,  a  hamlet  in  Sparta  township,  Liv- 
ingston CO.,  N.Y.,  4  miles  N.  of  Dansville.    It  has  a  church. 

Reed's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y., 
near  Canandaigua  Lake,  and  about  5  miles  S.E.  of  Canan- 
daigua.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  100. 

Reed's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sharp  oo..  Ark., 
about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Batesville. 

Rceds'dale,  a  post-village  in  Megantic  co.,  Quebec, 
on  the  river  Thames,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Becanoour  Station. 

Reed's  Ferry,  a  post-village  of  Hillsborough  co., 
N.H.,  in  Merrimao  township,  on  the  Merrimac  River,  and 
on  the  Concord  Railroad,  at  Reed's  Station,  9  miles  N.  of 
Nashua.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  bricks,  fish- 
barrels,  lumber,  <fec. 

Reed's  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Juniata  co.,  Pa.,  near 
a  gap  in  Shade  Mountain,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Mifflintown. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

Reed's  Landing,  a  post-offico  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ark., 
on  tho  Arkansas  River. 

Reed's  Landing,  Minnesota.    See  Read's  Landing. 

Reed's  Ranch,  post-office.  Donna  Anaco.,  Now  Mex. 

Reed's  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa, 
ou  the  Upper  Iowa  River,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Waukon. 

Reed's  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Stono  co..  Mo. 

Reed's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Delaware  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Lafayette,  Munoie  &  Bloomington  Railroad,  7  miles 
AV.  of  Muncie. 

Reed's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Williamson  co.,  Tenn. 

Reedsville,  Georgia,  North  Carolina,  and  New  York. 
See  Rkidsville. 

Reeds'vilie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  Kansas, 
In  Centre  township,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Marysville,  and  7  miles 
N.W.  of  Frankfort.     It  has  2  churches. 

Reedsville,  a  post-village  in  Olive  township,  Meigs 
CO.,  C,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  20  miles  below  Parkers- 
burg,  W.  Va.  It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  oil- 
barrels.     Pop.  129. 

Reedsville,  a  post-village  in  Brown  township,  Mif- 
flin CO.,  Pa.,  on  Kishacoquillas  Creek,  and  on  the  Miffiin 
&  Centre  County  Branch  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Lewistown.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  an  axe -fac- 
tory.    Pop.  about  400. 


Reedsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Preston  co.,  W.  Va.,  A 
miles  N.W.  of  Kingwood.     It  has  2  churches. 

Reedsville,  or  Hecdvillc,  a  post-hmnlct  of  Mani- 
towoc  CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Milwaukee,  Luke  Shore  &  Western 
Railroad,  17  miles  W.N.W.  of  tho  city  of  Manitowoc. 

Reed'town,  a  post-hamlet  in  Reed  township,  Scnoca 
CO.,  0.,  4i  miles  N.  of  Attica  Station.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  saw-mill. 

Reed'ville,  a  station  in  Hancock  co.,  Ind.,  on  tho  Cin- 
cinnuli,  Hamilton  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  13  miles  E,  of 
Indianapolis. 

Recaville,  a  station  in  Carter  co.,  Ky.,  on  tho  Eastern 
Kentucky  Railroad,  4i  miles  N.  of  Willard. 

Reedville,  a  poat-hamlet  of  Rock  Castle  co.,  Ky., 
about  40  miles  S.  of  Lexington.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
tannery. 

Reedville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Oregon, 
on  tho  Oregon  Central  Railroad,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Portland. 

Rced'y,  a  post-humlet  of  Roane  co.,  AV.  Va.,  36  miJM 
S.  of  Parkcr.sburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Reedy  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Davidson  co.,  N.C. 

Reedy  Creek,  a  ))ost-offico  of  Marion  co.,  S.C. 

Reedy  Fork,  North  Carolina,  rises  in  Guilford  co., 
runs  eastward  into  Alamance  co.,  and  unites  with  another 
stream  to  form  tho  Haw  River. 

Reedy  Island,  at  the  hciul  of  Delaware  Bny.  At  its 
extreme  S.  point  is  a  fixed  light,  55  feet  above  the  sea. 

Reedy  Island  Creek,  Virginia,  runs  northwestward, 
intersects  Carroll  co.,  and  enters  New  River  about  2  mWct 
S.S.W.  of  Newborn. 

Reedy  Rip'ple,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVirt  co.,  AV.  \  , 
about  20  miles  S.  of  Parkersburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Reedy  River,  South  Carolina,  rises  in  Greenville  co., 
runs  nearly  southward  through  Laurens  co.,  and  enters  the 
Saluda  River  about  9  miles  E.  of  Cokesbury. 

Reedy  River  Factory,  post-office,  Greenville  CO.,  S.C. 

Reedy  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Laurens  co.,  Ga.,  12 
miles  S.  of  Dublin. 

Reedy  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Appomattox  co.,  A'^a., 
7  miles  S.  of  Spout  Spring  Station. 

Reed'yville,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Ky. 

Reedyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Roano  co.,  AV.  A'a.,  S 
miles  W.  of  Spencer.     It  has  a  church. 

Reel'foot,  a  post-office  and  shipping-point  of  Lake  co.. 
Tenn.,  on  Rcelfoot  Lake,  35  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Hickman,  Ky. 

Reelfoot  Lake,  in  Obion  and  Lake  cos.,  Tenn.,  near 
the  N.AV.  angle  of  the  state,  is  a  large  and  shallow  expiinseof 
water,  18  miles  long,  formed  duringthc  earthquakeof  1811. 
It  is  to  a  great  extent  a  submerged  forest,  covered  largely 
with  water-lilies  and  other  aquatic  plants;  and  its  waters 
swarm  with  the  dea<llj'  cotton-mouth  snake  and  other  rep- 
tiles. It  receives  Reelfoot,  Pawpaw,  Indian,  Brown'.«,  and 
other  creeks.  Another  lake  of  the  same  name  and  of  sim- 
ilar character  and  origin  is  in  Fulton  co.,  Ky.,  near  the 
above,  and  has  an  area  of  60  square  miles.  Reblfoot 
River,  the  outlet  of  tho  Rcelfoot  Lake  of  Tennessee,  is  nt 
present  an  affluent  of  the  Obion,  its  former  channel,  which 
led  directly  to  the  Mississippi,  having  been  closed  by  a 
"sand-blow." 

Reels'ville,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Eel  River,  and  on  tho  St.  Louis,  A^andalia  &  Terre  Hauto 
Railroad,  10  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Brazil.  It  has  a  graded 
school  and  2  stores. 

Rees,  rAs,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  41  miles  N.N.AV. 
of  Dusseldorf,  on  the  Rhine.  Pop.  3611.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  leather,  hosiery,  tobacco,  Ac. 

Reese,  rocss,  a  post-village  of  Tuscola  co..  Mich.,  !• 
Denmark  township,  on  the  Detroit  &  Bay  City  Railroad,  li 
miles  S.E.  of  Bay  City.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  ft 
saw-mill,  and  2  stave-factories.     Pop.  about  40(1. 

Reese,  a  station  in  Blair  co..  Pa.,  on  the  railroad  be- 
tween Hollidaysburg  and  Williamsburg,  5  miles  E.  of  the 
former. 

Reese  River,  Nev.ada,  runs  northward  in  the  arid  and 
sterile  table-land  of  the  Great  Basin.  It  intersects  Lander 
CO.,  from  which  it  passes  into  Humboldt  co.  It  sometimes 
enters  Humboldt  River,  and  sometimes  is  absorbed  in  the 
barren  sands  before  it  reaches  that  river.  Silver  is  found 
near  Reese  River. 

Reese's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  0.,  on  tho 
Scioto  Valley  Railroad,  11  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Columbus. 

Reese's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Boone  co.,  InJ.,  on 
Sugar  Creek,  about  30  miles  S.E.  of  Lafayette.  It  has  a 
flour-mill. 

Reese's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mineral  co.,  AV.  Va.,  9 
miles  from  Keyser.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Reeseville,  reess'vil,  a  station  in  Etowah  co.,  Ala.,  on 


BEE 


2261 


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the  Alabama  &  Chattanooga  Kailroad,  61  miles  N.E.  of 
Birmingham. 

Reeseville,  a  hamlet  of  Schenectady  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Rot- 
terdam township,  1  mile  from  Schenectady. 

Reeseville,  or  Ber'wyn,  a  post-village  of  Chester 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  17  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a  church.  Here  is  Bcrwyn  Post- 
Offico. 

llceseville,  a  post-village  in  Lowell  township,  Dodge 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad, 
11  miles  N.W.  of  Watertown,  and  3  miles  S.  of  Lowell.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  saw-mill. 

Rec'sor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chippewa  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Chippewa  River,  24  miles  below  Benson. 

Rees  Store,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Miss. 

Rees  Tannery,  a  post-village  of  Mineral  co.,  W.  Va., 
5i  miles  from  Keyser.  It  has  a  church  and  a  steam  tannery. 

Rees'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Cincinnati  &  Muskingum  Valley  Railroad,  8i  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Wilmington.  It  has  a  church,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a 
flour-mill. 

Recth,  reeth,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  North 
Riding,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Richmond. 

Rectz,  rits,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg,  on  the 
Ihna,  42  miles  E.S.E.  of  Stettin.     Pop.  3105. 

Reeve,  a  township  of  Daviess  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1C76. 

Reeve,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  588. 

Reeve,  a  station  on  the  Mount  Holly,  Lnmberton  & 
Medford  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Mount  Holly,  N.J. 

Reeves,  South  Carolina.    Sec  Reevesville. 

Reeves,  reevz,  township,  Marion  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1815. 

Reevesby  (reevz'bce)    Island,  South  Australia,  in 
jj  Spencer  Gulf,  is  20  miles  N.E.  of  Port  Lincoln. 
I     Reevesdalc,  reevz'dal,  a  station  in  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa., 
'  on  the  Schuylkill  Valley  Railroad,  2i  miles  W.  of  Tamaqua. 

Reeves'  (reevz)  Station,  a  post-office  of  Gordon  co., 
Qa.,  on  the  Selma,  Rome  &  Dalton  Railroad,  20i  miles  S. 
S  of  Dalton. 

I  Reevesville,  recvz'vil,  a  post-village  of  Colleton  co., 
[i  B.C.,  on  the  South  Carolina  Railroad,  at  Reeves  Station,  52 
j  miles  AV.N.AV,  of  Charleston.  It  has  a  church  and  2  dis- 
(  tilleries  of  turpentine. 

[      Reevesville,  a  post-village  of  Grayson  co.,  Tex.,  9 

miles  W.  of  Dcnison,  2i  miles  from   Red   River,  and  14 

',  miles  N.  of  Sherman.     It  has  4  churches  and  an  academy. 

Reezah,  Rizah,  rce'zi,  or  Rizeh,  ree'z^h,  a  mari- 
time village  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  35  miles  B.  of  Trebizond. 

Re-form',  a  post-office  of  Pickens  co.,  Ala. 

Reform,  a  post-hamlet  of  Callaway  co.,  Mo.,  12  miles 
S.E.  of  Fulton.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  broom- 
factory. 

Refton,  Lancaster  co..  Pa.    See  Lime  Valley. 

Refuge,  a  poet-office  of  Washington  co..  Miss. 

Refu'gio  (Sp.  ri-foo'je-o),  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of 
Texas,  borders  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Area,  about  760 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  San  Antonio 
River,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  Aransas  River.  It  is  drained 
by  Blanco  Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  partly 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  produces  pasture  for  cattle, 
many  thousand  head  of  which  are  annually  raised,  and 
which  are  the  chief  articles  of  export.  Capital,  Refugio. 
Pop.  in  1870,  2324;  in  1 880,  1685;  in  1890,  1239. 

Refugio,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Refugio  co.,  Tex.,  on 
Mission  River,  about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Victoria.     P.  465. 

Rega,  ri'gi,  a  river  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania  (formed 
by  the  Old  and  the  New  Rega),  flows  N.N.W.,  and  falls  into 
the  Baltic.     Length,  70  miles. 

Regalbuto,  rd-gll-boo'to,  a  town  of  Sicily,  25  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Catania.     Pop.  9429.     It  has  a  royal  college. 

Regan,  ri'gin',  a  fortified  town  of  Persia,  in  Herman. 
Lat.  28°  50'  N.;  Ion.  69°  8'  E. 

llegello,  r4,-j5l'lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  18  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Florence,  in  the  Upper  Val  d'Arno,  on  the  S.  side  of 
Mount  Vallombrosa.     Pop.  10,259. 

Rcgen,  ri'gh9n,  a  river  of  Bavaria,  rises  in  the  Bcihmer- 
wald,  flows  W.  and  S.,  and  enters  the  Danube  on  the  right 
at  Stadt-am-Hof,  opposite  Ratisbon.     Length,  68  miles. 

Regensburg,  a  town  of  Bavaria.    See  Ratisbo.v. 

Regenstauf,  rJ,'gh§ns-towr,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on 
the  Regen,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ratisbon.     Pop.  2032. 

Re'gent's  Sword,  a  remarkable  promontory  of  China, 
province  of  Leao-Tong,  which  divides  the  Gulf  of  Po-Chee- 
Lee  from  the  Yellow  Sea.     Lat.  39°  N. 

RegeuAvalde,  ri'gh?n-*ard?h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  42 
mile^  N.E.  of  Stettin,  on  the  Rega.     Pop.  3363. 

Reggio,  rSd'jo  (anc.  Rhe'gium,  or  lihe'gium  Ju'Uum), 
often  called  Reggio  di  Calabria,  the  southernmost  city 


and  seaport  of  Italy,  in  Calabria,  capital  of  the  province  of 
Reggio  di  Calabria,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Messina,  on  the  E.  side 
of  its  strait.  Pop.  23,853.  It  is  the  see  of  an  archbishop, 
and  has  a  cathedral,  several  convents,  a  royal  college,  a 
hospital,  a  foundling  asylum,  a  theatre,  a  civil  and  crimi- 
nal court,  manufactures  of  silks,  gloves,  hosiery,  and  arti- 
cles from  the  thread  of  the  shell-fish  pinna  marih'ma,  and 
an  export  trade  in  wine,  oil,  citron,  and  olives,  the  produce 
of  its  vicinity.  In  ancient  times  this  was  one  of  the  re- 
nowned cities  of  Magna  Graecia,  and  was  noted  for  its  wines. 

Reggio  (anc.  Re'gium  Lep'idi),  a  fortified  city  of  North 
Italy,  capital  of  Reggio  nell'  Emilia,  situated  14  miles 
AV.N.W.  of  Modena,  on  the  iEmilian  Way,  and  connected 
with  the  Po  by  the  river  Crostolo  and  the  navigable  canal 
of  Tassone.  Pop.  19,131;  or,  including  suburbs,  50,657. 
It  is  well  built  and  handsome ;  the  streets  are  bordered 
with  arcades.  It  has  a  cathedral,  several  convents,  a  cita- 
del, a  city  hall,  a  theatre,  a  college,  a  public  library  with 
30,000  volumes,  a  museum  of  antiquities,  manufactures  of 
silks,  hempen  fabrics,  horn,  and  wooden  and  ivory  articles, 
and  a  tnade  in  cattle  and  agricultural  produce. 

Reggio  di  Calabria,  rWjo  dee  ki-li'bre-i  (formerly 
Calabria  Ulteriore  I.),  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Cala- 
bria, forming  the  extreme  S.  part  of  continental  Italy,  and 
chiefly  surrounded  by  the  sea.  Area,  1516  square  miles. 
It  is  mountainous,  and  produces  much  silk  and  oil.  Capi- 
tal, Reggio.     Pop.  353,608. 

Reggiolo,  red-jo'lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  6  miles  E.  of 
Guastalla.     Pop.  5949. 

Reggio  nell'  Emilia,  rid'jo  nil  li-mee'le-i,  a  prov- 
ince of  Italy,  in  Emilia,  bounded  N.W.  by  the  Po.  Area, 
884  square  miles.  It  is  very  fertile,  except  in  the  S.  Cap- 
ital, Reggio.     Pop.  240,635. 

Regiuum,  or  Regina.    See  Ratisbon. 

Register's,  r4j'is-t§rz,  a  station  in  Brunswick  co.,  N.C., 
on  the  Wilmington,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  8  miles 
W.  of  AVilmington. 

Regia,  rfig'li,  a  fortified  suburb  of  Havana,  in  Cuba,  on 
the  opposite  side  of  its  bay.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  large 
government  warehouses  and  a  spacious  hospital.  It  is  the 
principal  seat  of  the  Havana  slave-trade. 

Regnitz,  rSg'nits,  a  river  of  Bavaria,  formed  by  the 
union  of  the  Rednitz  and  Pegnitz  at  FUrth,  flows  N.,  and 
joins  the  Main  3  miles  N.W.  of  Bamberg. 

Regnum,  the  ancient  name  of  CinciiESTEH. 

Regny,  rdn'yee',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Loire,  6  miles  E.S.E.  of  Roanne.     Pop.  1484. 

Re'go,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  Ind.,  about  37 
miles  W.N.W.  of  New  Albany.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Regoa,  ri-go'i,  a  village  of  Portugal,  province  of 
Beira,  on  the  Douro,  3  miles  N.  of  Lamego.  It  has  an  ex- 
tensive trade  in  port  wines. 

Reguiny,  ri'ghee'nee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Morbi- 
han,  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Plocrmel.     Pop.  1266. 

Reha,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey.     See  Oohfa. 

Rehau,  ri'hijw,  or  Rechau,  rfiK'ow,  a  town  of  Ba- 
varia, on  the  Grunebach,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Eger.  It  has 
a  cotton-mill,  a  brewery,  &o.     Pop.  3317. 

Rehbnrg,  ri'boonc,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  22 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Hanover.     Pop.  1313. 

Rehden,  ri'd§n,  a  town  of  West  Prussia,  24  miles  S. 
of  Marienwerder.     Pop.  1780. 

Rehme,  r4'm?h,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  6 
miles  S.W.  of  Mindon,  on  the  Weser,  and  on  the  Berlin  & 
Cologne  Railway.     Pop.  of  commune,  1762. 

Rehmutpoor,  r?h'miit-poor',  Rhaimatpur,  or 
Rhymutpoor,  ri^mut-poor',  a  town  of  India,  ))rcsidency 
of  Bombay,  district  and  14  miles  from  Sattarah.    Pop.  7168. 

Rehna,  ri'ni,  a  town  of  Mecklenburg-Schwerin,  17 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Lubeck.     Pop.  2419. 

Reho'both,  a  post-village  of  Wilcox  co.,  Ala.,  about 
30  miles  S.W.  of  Selma.     It  has  2  churches. 

Rehoboth,  a  hamlet  of  Wilkes  co.,  Ga.,  10  miles  from 
Washington.     It  has  a  church. 

Rehoboth,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.,  about 
20  miles  S.W.  of  New  Albany.     Here  is  a  church. 

Rehoboth,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Bristol  co,. 
Mass.,  8  miles  E.  of  Providence,  R.I.  It  has  3  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  hosiery  and  wooden-ware.     P.  1827. 

Rehoboth,  a  post-village  in  Clayton  township.  Perry 
CO.,  0.,  about  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Zanesville,  and  2  miles  N. 
of  New  Lexington.  It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of 
stone-ware.     Pop.  156. 

Rehoboth,  a  post-office  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C,  about 
20  miles  N.AV.  of  Augusta,  Ga. 

Rehoboth,  a  post-office  of  Lunenburg  co.,  Va.,  about  70 
miles  S.W.  of  Richmond. 


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Rehoboth  Bay*  on  the  ooiut  of  Delaware,  about  10 
Biles  8.  of  Cape  lleniopen,  it  separated  from  the  Atlantic 
Ocean  br  ft  narroir  peninsula.  It  connects  on  the  S.  with 
Indian  Jkivor  Bur. 

Rehoboth  Ueach*  a  post-oflloe  and  watoring-plaoo 
of  Sussex  00.,  Del.,  on  the  Atluntlo  Ocean,  near  the  N.  shore 
of  Rehoboth  Bay,  and  on  an  extension  of  the  Junction  & 
Breakwater  Railroad,  0  miles  S.  by  £.  of  Lewes. 

Rehoboth  Church,  a  post-offloe  of  Northumberland 
00.,  Va. 

Rchrersburg,  rU'r^rs-blirg,  a  post-village  in  Tulne- 
hockcn  township,  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  about  22  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Reading.     It  has  2  churches. 

Rei,  Uiploy  co.,  Ind.    See  Delaware. 

Rcichclsheim,  rl'K^ls-hlme^  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Hesse,  province  of  Starkonburg,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Darm- 
stadt.    Pop.  1528. 

Reichenau,  rricfh-n5w\  or  Mittclzcll,  mit't^l- 
tsfiir,  an  island  of  Germany,  in  the  grand  duchy  of  Baden, 
in  the  Unlorsec,  3i  miles  N.W.  of  Constance.  Length,  3 
miles ;  breadth,  1  mile.     Pop.  1487. 

Reichenau  (Bohemian,  Suiike)iicz»l-)/,  sSw'k^-nitch*- 
ekoe),  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Bohemia,  19  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Koniggriitz,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Wildc-Adler.     P.  4802. 

Reichenau,  or  Rcichen,  rl'K^n,  a  village  of  Bohe- 
mia, 25  miles  N.E.  of  Buntzlau.     Pop.  2588. 

Reichenau,  or  Rcichen,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  cir- 
cle of  Leitmeritz,  66  miles  N.N.E.  of  Prague.     Pop.  llOfi. 

Reichenau,  or  Richnow,  riK'nov  (?),  a  village  of 
Austria,  in  Moravia.     Pop.  1700. 

Reichenau,  a  town  of  Saxony,  7  miles  E.  of  Zittau. 
Pop.  5072.  It  has  flour-mills,  dye-works,  and  manufac- 
tures of  linen. 

Reichenau,  a  hamlet  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Ori- 
sons, at  the  junction  of  the  two  heads  of  the  Rhine,  6  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Chur. 

Reichenau,  Alt,  ilt  rrK?h-n5w\  a  village  of  Prussia, 
in  Silesia,  22  miles  S.  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  2556. 

Reichenbach,  rI'K?n-biK\  a  river  of  Switzerland, 
canton  of  Bern,  joins  the  Aar  opposite  Meiringen.  It  de- 
scends nearly  2000  feet  in  a  succession  of  falls. 

Reichenbach,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  31  miles 
S.W.  of  Breslau,  on  the  Peile.  Pop.  7268.  It  is  enclosed 
by  strong  walls,  and  has  several  churches,  a  synagogue, 
and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  muslins,  cotton  stuffs, 
canvas,  oil,  and  linen  fabrics. 

Reichenbach,  a  town  of  Saxony,  on  the  Saxon  Ba- 
varian Railroad,  11  miles  N.N.E.  of  Plauen.  Pop.  14,620. 
It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  cashmeres,  cotton  and 
linen  stuffs,  merinoes,  damask,  and  hosiery;  also  dye-woi"ks 
and  print-works. 

Reiclienberg,  ri'K?n-bSaG*,  or  Liberk,  lee'bink,  a 
town  of  Bohemia,  on  the  Neisse,  58  miles  N.E.  of  Prague, 
in  lat.  50°  46'  N.,  Ion.  15°  5'  E.  Pop.  22,:i9i.  It  has  2 
castles,  several  churches,  a  royal  and  a  normal  school,  a 
theatre,  a  large  brewerj',  important  manufactures  of  woollen, 
cotton,  and  linen  stuffs,  yarn,  leather,  hats,  machinery, 
fire-arms,  and  merinoes,  and  many  dyeing-houses. 

Reichenliall,  ri'K^n-h&IP,  a  town  of  Upper  Bavaria, 
on  the  Saale,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Salzburg.  Pop.  3302.  In  its 
vicinity  are  extensive  salt-works. 

Reichcnstein,  ri'K§n-stineS  a  town  of  Prussian  Si- 
lesia, 48  miles  S.S.W.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  2143. 

Reichsdorf,  Bohemia.     See  REiscHnoRF. 

Reichshofcn,  or  Reichshoffen,rik3'horf6n'  (Ger. 
pron.  riKs'ho'fign),  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  14  miles 
S.W.  of  Wissembourg.     Pop.  2862. 

Reichstadt,  riK'stJtt,  or  Zakopy,  zl-ko'pee,  a  town 
of  Bohemia,  45  miles  N.N.E.  of  Prague.  Pop.  2107.  It 
has  a  fine  castle  and  a  Capuchin  convent. 

Rcich.'^ttldt,  riK'statt,  Oder,  o'b?r,  and  Niehkr,  nee'- 
d?r,  two  contiguous  villages  of  Saxony,  near  Dippoldis- 
wnlde.     Pop.  1095. 

Rcichthal,  riK'tfl,l,  a  town  of  Prussia,  35  miles  E.  of 
Breslau,  on  the  Studnitza.     Pop.  1241. 

Reid,  liA,  ]k  rit,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  16 
miles  S.E.  of  Liege.     Pop.  ISOO. 

Reid,  reed,  a  station  in  Twiggs  co.,  Oa.,  on  the  Macon 
ABrunswick  Railroad,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Macon. 

Rcidcn,  or  Reyden,  ri'd?n,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  of  Lucerne,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Sursee.     Pop.  1669. 

Reidenbach's  (ri'd^n-biKs)  Store,  a  post-homlet  of 
Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  2J  miles  from  New  Holland.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Reid's,  reedz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Paulding  co.,  0.,  2J 
miles  from  Emerald  Station. 

Reidsburg,  reedz'biirg,  a  post-village  of  Clarion  co., 


Pa.,  on  Piney  Creek,  about  30  miles  S.E.  of  Franklin.    I| 
has  2  churches. 

Reid's  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Walker  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
South  A  North  Alabama  Railroad,  about  27  miles  N.  of 
Birmingham. 

Reidsville,  recdt'vll,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Tatnnl! 
CO.,  Ga.,  about  66  miles  W.  of  Savannah.  It  has  a  chur;h, 
an  academy,  2  hotels,  and  several  stores. 

Reidovillc,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Neb. 

Reidsvillc,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Berne 
township,  about  1 5  miles  S.W.  of  Albany.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  quarry  of  flagstone. 

Reidsville,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.C.,  on 
the  Richmond  <k  Danville  Railroad,  24  miles  S.W.  of  Dnn- 
villo,  Va.  It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  2  churches,  a  female 
seminary,  6  tobacco-factories,  and  2  warehouses  for  tobiiccu. 
Pop.  in  1890,  2969. 

Reidsville,  a  post-village  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C,  in 
Reidsville  township,  6  miles  from  Vernonvillo.  It  has  a 
female  college  and  an  academy  for  boys.  Pop.  of  township, 
2679. 

RcitTsburg,  rifs'bUrg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wells  co.,  Ind, 
about  32  miles  S.  of  Fort  Wayne. 

Reignte,  ri'gate,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey, 
on  a  branch  of  the  Mole,  and  on  the  London  &  Brighton 
and  Southeast  Railways,  6  miles  E.  of  Dorking,  and  21 
miles  S.S.W.  of  London.  Pop.  22,646.  It  is  reuuirkably 
neat  and  clean,  having  an  unusual  number  of  handsome 
residences,  a  church  containing  a  library  and  many  costly 
monuments,  a  largo  national  school,  a  town  hall,  a  market- 
house,  and  some  groundworks  of  a  castle,  including  a  cave 
in  which  the  barons  are  said  to  have  met  and  anangud  the 
articles  of  Magna  Charta.  At  the  S.  end  of  the  town,  on 
the  site  of  an  old  priory,  is  the  elegant  mansion  of  Earl 
Somers.  Fuller's  earth,  and  fine  sand  used  in  the  manu- 
facture of  glass,  are  articles  of  commerce. 

Rcignac,  rin'ylk',  a  village  of  France,  in  Charente,  3 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Barbezieux.     Pop.  122.3. 

Rcignnc,  a  village  of  France,  in  Indre-et-Loire,  near 
the  Indro,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Tours. 

Rcignier,  rain'yA',  a  village  of  France,  in  Savoy,  near 
the  Arve,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Geneva.     Pop.  1814. 

Rcigoldswcil,  ri'golts-<Vir,  a  village  and  parish  of 
Switzerland,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Basel.     Pop.  1414. 

Rcikiavik,  ri'ke-a-vik\  or  Rcylgavik,  rik'yi-vik\ 
written  also  Rcikiavig,  the  capital  town  of  rccliind,near 
its  S.W.  coast,  in  lat.  64°  8'  40"  N.,  Ion.  21°  50'  W.  Pop. 
1400.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  is  the  seat  of  government,  and 
has  a  college,  medical  and  divinity  schools,  an  observatory, 
and  a  library. 

Reil,  ril,  a  village  of  Prussia,  government  of  Treves,  on 
the  Moselle.     Pop.  1400. 

Reiley,  or  Reily,  ri'lec,  a  post-villnge  of  Butler  co., 
0.,  in  Reily  township,  about  28  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cin 
cinnati.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1612. 

Rcilingcn,  ri'ling-?n,  a  village  of  Baden,  circle  of 
Lower  Rhine,  bailiwick  of  Schwetzingen.     Pop.  2121. 

Reilly,  ri'lee,  township,  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1S90. 

Reily  (ri'lee)  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hopkins  co., 
Tex.,  25  miles  N.  of  Mineola.    Near  it  are  several  churches. 

Reiinersburg,  Clarion  co..  Pa.     See  Rlmhrsulug. 

Reiinerton,  ri'm?r-t(?n,  a  hamlet  of  Aroistrong  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  and  on  the  Alle- 
ghany River,  15  miles  N.  of  Kittanning.  It  has  a  spoke- 
fnctory.     Here  is  Rimer  Post-Office. 

Reims,  or  Rheims,  reeniz  (Fr.  pron.  rixz;  anc.  Duro- 
corio'nun,  afterwards  Itc'mi),  a  city  of  Franco,  department 
of  Marne,  on  the  Vesle,  and  on  the  Canal  of  the  Ai.«ne  and 
Manic,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Chalons,  and  100  miles  E.X.E.of 
Paris.  Lat.  49°  15'  N. ;  Ion.  4°  3'  E.  It  is  surrounded  by 
slopes  covered  with  vineyards,  and  is  enclosed  with  walls 
flanked  with  towers.  The  streets  are  spacious  and  tolerably 
regular,  and  several  of  the  squares  are  large  and  handsome. 
The  ramparts,  which  have  a  circuit  of  nearly  3  miles,  are 
planted,  and  form  an  excellent  ])romenade.  The  princii>al 
edifices  are  the  cathedral,  founded  in  1212,  one  of  tlic  finest 
Gothic  structures  now  existing  in  Europe,  466  feet  long  and 
121  feet  high,  surmounted  by  two  massive  towers  and 
adorned  with  a  richly-sculptured  portal  and  fajadc;  the 
church  of  St.  Rcmi,  originally  belonging  to  a  Benedictine 
monastery,  the  oldest,  and  still,  except  the  cathedral,  the 
finest  church  in  Reims;  and  the  Porte  de  Mars,  one  of  the 
gates  originally  built  by  the  Romans  as  a  triumphal  arch 
in  honor  of  Cmsar  and  Augustus,  and  recently  repaired, 
rendering  it  a  truly  splendid  structure.  The  town  has  a 
library  of  60,000  volumes,  a  hjc(e  or  college,  a  theatre,  a 
city  hall,  a  palais  de  justice,  numerous  fountains,  and  many 


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ancient  mansions,  among  wiiicli  is  the  hOtel  of  the  Counts 
of  Champagne.  It  has  numerous  manufactories  of  cassi- 
mores,  flannels,  merinoes,  fine  woollen  cloth,  shawls,  ma- 
chinery, glass,  champagne  wine,  chemical  products,  soap, 
<tc.,  and  a  trade  in  the  excellent  wine  of  its  vicinity.  It 
was  the  birthplace  of  Colbert.  Clovis  was  baptized  at 
Reims,  a.d.  496.  Philip  Augustus  was  consecrated  here 
in  1179,  and  all  his  successors  were  also  consecrated  at 
Reims  till  the  revolution  of  1830,  with  the  exception  of 
Ilcnry  IV.,  Napoleon,  and  Louis  XVIII.  It  is  renowned 
in  the  history  of  the  Middle  Ages  for  the  maintenance  of 
its  liberties  against  the  bishops.  Before  the  revolution  of 
1793  it  had  a  celebrated  university,  and  many  councils 
hove  been  held  here.  Pop.  in  1891,  104,186. 
I  Keinach,  rl'nlK,  or  Rynach,  ree'nis,  a  village  of 
iSwitzorland,  in  Aargau,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Aarau.  Pop. 
3018.     It  has  corn-warehouses  and  cotton-printing-works. 

Iteinbcck,  rin'bik,  a  post-village  of  (}rundy  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad 
(Pacific  division),  9  miles  E.  of  Grundy  Centre.  It  has  a 
money-order  post-oflRce. 

Reiner  (rl'ncr)  City,  a  hamlet  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa., 
in  Porter  township,  2  miles  from  Tower  City.  It  hag  a 
church.     Pop.  116. 

Keinersville,  re'n^rs-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan 
CO.,  0.,  about  24  miles  N.N.W.  of  Marietta.  It  has  2 
oharches  and  30  dwellings. 

Reincrz,  rl'nfiiits,  Dussnick  (?),  dOSss'nik,  or  Diir- 
nick  (?),  doon'nik,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  58  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Brcslau,  on  the  Weistritz.  Pop.  3355.  It  has 
i  manufactures  of  woollens  and  linens.  In  its  vicinity  are 
Jiaineral  springs 

Kcinct,  Cape  Colony.     See  Graap-Reyxet. 

Rcinfeld,  rin'ffilt,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Ilolstein,  11 
.miles  W.S.W.  of  Lubeck. 

r    Reinhcim,  rin'himo,  a  town  of  Ilosse,  province  of 
iStarkcnburg,  near  Dieburg.     Pop.  1411. 

Reinliold's  (rin'holdz)  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Reading  ife  Columbia  Railroad,  13 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Reading. 

I  -  Reinholdsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa., 
in  West  Coealico  township,  14  miles  from  Reinhold's  Station, 
and  about  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Reading.     It  has  2  churches. 
i    Reinsdorf,  rlns'donf,  a  village  of  Saxony,  circle  of 
Zwickau,  bailiwick  of  AVildenfels.     Pop.  2635. 
I    Reinses  (rinz'ez)  Creek  rises  in  Wayne  co.,  Tenn., 
and  flows  through  Hardin  co.  into  the  Tennessee  River. 
i    Rcinswaldc,  rTns'NVilM^h,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in 
Brandenburg,  near  Sorau.     Pop.  1618. 
I    Reischdorf,  rish'donf,  or  Reichsdorf,  riKs'doRf,  a 
Tillage  of  Bohemia,  12  miles  from  Saatz.     Pop.  2176. 
I    Rcisen,  ri'z?n  (Polish,  Rtjdzyna,  rid-zee'ni),  a  town  of 
Prussia,  44  miles  S.S.W.  of  P'osen.     Pop.  1354. 
I    Reisterstown,  ris't^rz-tSwn,  a  post-village  of  Balti- 
more CO.,  Md.,  1  mile  from  Reisterstown  Station  of  the 
AVestern  Maryland  Railroad,  which  is  18  miles  N.N.AV.  of 
Baltimore.     It  contains  the  Hannah  More  Academy  for 
girls,  5  churches,  and  the  Franklin  Academy.     Pop.  479. 
^    Reistviile,  rist'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lebanon  co..  Pa., 
)8  miles  E.  of  Lebanon,  and  3  miles  S.  of  Myerstown.     It 
fhas  a  church.     Pop.  90. 

*    Reiter,  rce't^r,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Kansas, 
'about  50  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Junction  City. 

Rcka,  a  river  of  Austria.    See  Riccca. 

Rekas,  rfih^kosh',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  and  12 
.miles  N.E.  of  Tcmesvar.     Pop.  3630. 

\    Relay,  re-la',  a  post-offiee  of  York  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
jPeach  Bottom  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  York. 
I    Relay  Station,  Baltimore  co.,  Md.   See  Saint  Den-is. 
I    Relfc,  relf,  a  post-hamlet  of  Phelps  co..  Mo.,  on  Spring 
fCreek,  about  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rolla. 
j    Relfs  Uliiff,  a  post- village  of  Lincoln  co.,  Ark.,  about 
}30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Little  Rock.     It  has  a  church. 
j    Relief,  re-lecf,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan   ec,  Ky., 
jjbout  24  miles  S.W.  of  Willard.     It  has  3  stores.     Oil  is 
I  found  here. 

Rcllcu,  r6l-yi,-oo',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  20 
niles  N.E.  of  Alicante.     Pop.  2521. 

Rcniagen,  Rhenish  Prussia.    See  Rheinmaoev. 

Rcmalard,  reh-miMan',a  town  of  France,  in  Orne,  on 
ho  lluine,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Mortagne.     Pop.  1874. 
I    Rcnibang,  rim'blng',  a  Dutch  residency  of  the  island 
)f  .lava.     Pop.  985,880. 

I    Rembang,  a  town  of  Java,  capital  of  a  province,  on  a 

«ep  buy,  on  the  N.  coast,  W.  of  the  Rembang  River,  and 

f  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Samarang,  in  lat.  6°  40'  S.,  Ion.  111° 

'i7'E.    Its  harbor,  one  of  the  best  in  the  island,  is  pro- 


tected by  a  point  named  Oedjong-Boender,  which  stretches 
far  into  the  sea,  and  by  some  islands.     Pop.  11,000. 

Remda,  rdm'di,  a  town  of  Germany,  duchy  and  16 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Weimar,  on  the  Rinne.     Pop.  1139. 

Remedios,  or  San  Juan  de  los  Rcmedios,  s&n 
noo-in'  di  loce  ri-mi'de-oce,  a  town  of  Cuba,  180  miles  E. 
of  Havana,  near  the  port  of  Caibarien,  and  on  the  railway 
from  Caibarien  to  Santo  Espiritu.  It  ships  annually  about 
55,000  hogsheads  of  sugar,  besides  much  molasses  and  to- 
bacco.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Remedios,  ri-mi'do-oce,  a  town  of  the  United  States 
of  Colombia,  state  of  Cundinamarca,  province  and  S3  miles 
N.E.  of  Antioquia.  Remedios  is  also  the  name  of  a  fort 
and  cape  of  Central  America,  and  of  a  church  near  Mexico ; 
adjacent  to  the  last  are  the  reputed  remains  of  the  palace 
of  Montezuma. 

Rcmi,  an  ancient  name  of  Reims. 

Remiuh,  rd'miK,  a  town  of  the  grand  duchy  and  11 
miles  S.E.  of  Luxemburg,  on  the  Moselle.     Pop.  2400. 

Re'mick,  a  station  in  Clare  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Flint  <fc 
Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Farwell. 

Reni'in^ton,  a  post-village  in  Carpenter  township, 
Jasper  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Logansport 
with  Watseka,  41  miles  W.  of  Logansport.  It  has  a  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  4  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  940. 

Remington,  a  post-village  in  Symmes  township,  Ham- 
ilton CO.,  0.,  on  the  Marietta  <fc  Cincinnati  Railroad,  20 
miles  N.E.  of  Cincinnati,  and  1  mile  from  Montgomery.  It 
has  a  flour-mill  and  a  manufactory  of  playing-cards.  i  ' 

Remington,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  abotrt 
8  miles  W.  of  Pittsburg. 

Remington,  a  station  in  Beaver  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Pitts- 
bur;^  Fort  Wayne  <t  Chicago  Railroad,  22  miles  N.W.  of 
Pittsburg. 

Remington,  a  post-village  in  Remington  township. 
Wood  CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Yellow  River,  and  on  the  AVisconsin 
Valley  Railroad,  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It 
has  manufactures  of  lumber  and  extensive  forests  of  pine. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  152. 

Rem'ington,  a  post-village  in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  31 
miles  N.  of  Belleville.     Pop.  170. 

Remington  Park,  a  post-office  of  St.  John's  co.,  Fla.','' 
on  the  St.  John's  River,  15  miles  N.  of  Tocoi. 

Remire,  r^h'meen',  an  island  group  of  French  Guiana, 
4  miles  E.  of  Cayenne.  A  village  of  the  same  name  is  on 
the  opposite  mainland. 

Remiremont,  r^h^meen^miNe',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Vosges,  on  the  Moselle,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Epinal.  Pop.  7211. 
It  has  a  fine  abbey,  a  communal  college,  apublic  library,  and 
manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  velvet,  embroidery,  muslin, 
edge-tools,  leather,  steel,  hosiery,  Ac. 

Rcmlingen,  r6rn'ling-en,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  11  miles 
W.  of  AVurzburg.     Pop.  1258. 

Remouchamps,  r?h-moo'sh6N"',  a  village  of  Belgium, 
province  and  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Liege.  It  has  a  remark- 
able double  grotto,  nearly  1  mile  long,  noted  for  its  fossils. 

Remoulins,  r^h-mooMS.s"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gard, 
on  the  river  Gard,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Nfmes.     Pop.  1425. 

Remptendorf,  rdmp't9n-doRr.  a  village  of  Beuss- 
Greitz,  bailiwick  of  Burgk.     Pop.  xJSl. 

Rems,  rfiras,  a  river  of  Wilrtemberg,  rises  near  its  E. 
frontiers,  flows  W.N.W.,  and  joins  the  Neckar  at  Ludwigs- 
burg.     Length,  50  miles. 

Remscheid,  rdm'shit,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  18 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Dusseldorf.  Pop.  26,120.  It  has  extensive 
manufactures  of  all  kinds  of  iron  wares. 

Rem'sen,  a  post-village  in  Remsen  township,  Oneida 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Utica  &  Black  River  Railroad,  21  miles 
N.  of  Utica,  and  4  miles  N.  of  Trenton  Falls.  It  contains 
2  or  3  churches  and  a  hotel.  Pop.  289.  The  township  is 
intersected  bj'  Black  River.     Pop.  1184. 

Remson's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Medina  co.,  0., 
8  miles  N.E.  of  Medina,  and  about  22  miles  S.  of  Cleveland. 
It  has  a  church,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Renac,  r^h-ndk  ,  a  village  of  France,  in  Ille-et-Vilaine, 
7  miles  N.E.  of  Redon.     Pop.  1478. 

Renage,  r§h-n8,zh',  a  village  of  France,  in  IsSre,  14 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Saint-Marcellin.     Pop.  1870. 

Renaix,  r^h-ni'  (Flemish,  Uonne,  ron's^h),  a  town  of 
Belgium,  in  East  Flanders,  21  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of 
Ghent.  Pop.  12,000.  It  has  a  ruined  castle,  3  public 
squares,  each  adorned  with  a  fountain,  3  churches  and  2 
chapels,  a  town  house,  a  hospital,  an  orphan  asylum,  several  ■ 
communal  and  private  schools,  a  musical  society,  and  dif- 
ferent benevolent  institutions.  There  are  also  breweries, 
distilleries,  tanneries,  salt-refineries,  dye-works,  bleach- 
fields,  thread-mills,  brick-  and  tile- works,  manufactures  of- 


R£N 


2264 


R£N 


Iia«n,  ootton,  and  woollen  fabrics,  yarn,  tobaeoo,  and  ehio- 
•ory,  and  a  Iarg«  trade  in  linens.    Renaix  dates  from  the 


•  (htb  century. 
Re'i 


Pop. 


'iiaiill,  «  post-township  of  Monroe  oo.,  HI. 
1617.     Uuniiult  Post-OOice  is  at  Glasgow  City. 

Renchen^  rinK'^n,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the  Bench,  0 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Ofifenburg,on  the  Basel  A  Mannheim  Rail- 
way.   Pop.  2263. 

Rencuni)  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Rbnkuu. 

Rendc,  rdn'd^h,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Cosenzo, 
6  miles  N.W.  of  Coscnsa.     Pop.  5286. 

Rcn'dcr,  a  station  in  Ohio  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Paducah  A 
Elizitbcthtown  Railroad,  111  miles  S.S.W.  of  Louisville. 

Rendezvous  (ren'd$h-voo'}  iHland,  off  the  S.W. 
coast  of  Borneo,  in  Int.  2°  40'  S.,  Ion.  110°  9'  E. 

Rendsburg,  rinds'bSSno  (Dan.  Rendthorg,  rSnds'. 
bono),  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Uolstein,  on  an  island  in  the 
Eider,  at  the  commencement  of  the  Kiel  Canal,  IS  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Kiel.  Lat.  bi°  19'  N. ;  Ion.  9°  40'  E.  Pop. 
11,416.  It  is  divided  into  an  old  and  a  new  town.  The 
principal  public  edifices  are  the  church  of  St.  Mary,  arsenal, 
military  provision  depot,  and  large  barracks.  It  has  garri- 
son and  numerous  other  schools,  several  houses  of  charity, 
a  house  of  correction,  workhouse,  manufactures  of  stock- 
ings, earthenware,  and  tobacco,  and  a  brisk  trade  in  timber. 

Ren'frew,  or  Renfrewshire,  rJn'fru-shjr  (formerly 
Strathgryfe,  str&th'grif ),  a  maritime  county  of  Scotland, 
having  N.  and  W.  the  river  and  Firth  of  Clyde.  Area,  254 
square  miles.  Pop.  263,374.  The  surface  is  mostly  flat, 
except  in  the  W.  The  principal  rivers  are  the  White  Cart, 
Black  Cart,  and  Oryfe.  Coal,  limestone,  and  freestone 
abound.  The  manufactures  are  important,  chiefly  of  oot- 
ton stuSs  and  shawls  at  Paisley,  Pollockshaws,  Neilston, 
Ac.  The  principal  towns  are  Renfrew  (the  capital),  Pais- 
ley, Greenock,  and  Port  Glasgow.  The  county  sends  one 
member  to  the  Ilouse  of  Commons. 

Renfrew,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  capital  of  the  above 
county,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Clyde,  5  miles  by  rail 
W.N.W.  of  Glasgow.  Pop.  5004.  The  principal  edifices 
are  the  parish  church,  town  hall,  and  jail.  It  was  con- 
nected with  the  Clyde  by  a  canal  in  17S0,  and  in  1835  a 
commodious  quay  was  built.  The  inhabitants  are  chiefly 
employed  in  weaving  silks  and  muslins,  in  a  bleach-field, 
distillery,  starch-works,  and  in  the  extensive  foundry  and 
ship-building  yards  on  the  Clyde.  The  burgh  unites  with 
Port  Glasgow,  Dumbarton,  Rutherglcn,  and  Kilmarnock  in 
Bending  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Ren'frew,  a  county  of  Ontario,  bordering  on  the  Ot- 
tawa River,  has  an  area  of  17,040  square  miles.  Capital, 
Pembroke.     Pop.  29,768. 

Renfrew,  a  post-village  in  Hants  co..  Nova  Scotia,  7 
miles  from  Enfield.     Gold  is  found  here.     Pop.  300. 

Renfrew,  a  village  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Renfrew,  on  the 
Bonnech^re  River  (which  here  forms  a  magnificent  fall),  and 
at  the  terminus  of  the  Canada  Central  Railway,  58  miles 
W.  of  Ottawa.  It  has  unlimited  water-power,  3  churches, 
2  branch  banks,  a  foundry,  a  tannery,  woollen-,  saw-,  and 
flour-mills,  and  exports  large  quantities  of  potash.  Pop.  865. 

Ren'frow's  Station,  a  post- village  of  Lincoln  co., 
Tcnn.,  4  miles  N.  of  Fayetteville.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  seminary. 

Rengersdorf,  rSng'^rs-donf,  a  village  of  Prussian 
Silesia,  government  of  Breslau,  near  Olatz.     Pop.  2176. 

Ren'go,  a  town  of  Chili,  province  of  Colchagua,  15 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Rancagua.    Pop.  3896. 

Reni,  or  Reny,  r^'nee,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Bessara- 
bia, at  the  confluence  of  the  Pruth  and  the  Danube,  106 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Kishenev.     Pop.  7600. 

Ren'ick,  a  village  of  Randolph  co..  Mo.,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Kansas  City  k  Northern  Railroad,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Moberly.     Pop.  (1890)  437.    Here  is  Randolph  Post-Ofiice. 

Ren'ick's  Val'Iey,  post-oflBce,  Greenbrier  co.,  W.Va. 

Reniugelst,  ri'ning-Hfilst',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Flanders,  33  miles  S.W.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  2150. 

Reniughe,  ri'ning-n^h,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Flanders,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Ypres.     Pop.  2240. 

Renkam,  or  Rencam,  rSnk'kiim,  a  village  of  the 
Netherlands,  in  Gelderland,  8  miles  W.  of  Arnhem,  near 
the  Rhine.     Pop.  of  commune,  4741. 

Ren'nel  Island,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  S.  of  the  Solo- 
mon Islands,  in  lat.  11°  30'  S.,  Ion.  160°  30'  E, 

Rennerod,  rdn'n^h-rot^  a  village  of  Prussia,  about  40 
miles  N.  of  Wiesbaden.     Pop.  1383. 

Rennes,  rinn  (anc.  Conda'te),  a  city  of  France,  capi- 
tal of  the  department  of  Ille-ct-Vilaine,  agreeably  situated 
on  the  acclivity  and  at  the  foot  of  a  hill,  on  the  Canal  of 
Ille  and  Ranee,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Hie  and  Vilaine, 


60  miles  N.  of  Nantes.  Lat.  48°  7' N. ;  Ion.  1°  41' W.  U 
is  traversed  from  E.  to  W.  by  the  Vilaine,  which  divides  it 
into  the  high  and  the  low  town  and  is  crossed  by  3  bridges. 
The  latter,  the  smaller  of  the  two,  on  the  left  bank,  \»  m 
low  as  often  to  8ufl°er  from  inundation.  It  is  very  poorly 
built.  The  houses  in  it  are  mostly  of  wood,  and  the  strceti 
are  narrow  and  winding.  The  high  town  lies  botwoon  the 
right  bank  of  the  Vilaine  and  the  left  bank  of  the  I  lie,  at.J 
strikingly  contrasts  with  the  low  town  by  the  elegance  of  its 
buildings,  and  its  spacious,  regular  streets.  Itowc.x  ItK  |ir<-«eat 
improved  condition  to  a  conflagration  in  1720,  which  raged 
7  uays  and  laid  the  greater  part  of  the  high  town  in  oshot. 
The  same  event,  however,  which  has  thus  given  it  the  ap- 
pearance of  a  handsome  modern  town  hiw  deprived  it  of 
much  of  its  historical  interest,  by  destroying  almost  nil  iti 
ancient  edifices.  It  has  a  cathedral,  ucademie,  a  botanic 
garden,  a  school  of  artillery,  an  arsenal,  a  seminary,  echoolt 
of  law  and  medicine,  a  national  college  or  lycte,  a  normal 
school,  and  a  library  of  45,000  volumes.  It  has  a  tribunal 
of  commerce,  an  extensive  trade  in  butter,  honey,  nax,  and 
linen  goods,  tanneries,  and  manufactures  of  gloves,  paper, 
sail-cloth,  hats,  farina,  <tc.  Du  Guesclin  and  Laujuinais 
were  born  here.     Pop.  in  1891,  69.232. 

Rcnningcn,  rSn'ning-^n,  a  village  of  Wiirtembcrg,  13 
miles  W.  of  Stuttgart.    Pop.  1838. 

Reno,  ri'no  (anc.  Rhe'nut),  a  river  of  Italy,  provinces 
of  Bologna  and  Ferrara,  rises  in  the  Apennines,  and,  after 
a  N.  course  of  about  75  miles,  past  Poretta,  Verguto,  and 
Cento,  joins  the  Po  di  Primaro  14  miles  S.  of  Ferrara. 

Reno,  the  Italian  name  of  the  Urine. 

Re'no,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Kansas.  Area,  1260 
square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Arkansas  River  and 
the  Good  River.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  ii 
fertile,  nearly  the  whole  of  it  being  prairie.  It  is  trav- 
ersed by  a  number  of  railroads.  Capital,  llutuhinsou. 
Pop.  in  1875,  5112;  in  1880,  12,826;  in  1890,  27,079. 

Reno,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hendricks  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  In- 
dianapolis &,  St.  Louis  Railroad,  27i  miles  W.  of  Indianap- 
olis.    It  has  a  church. 

Reno,  a  post-village  in  Edna  township,  Cass  co.,  Iowa, 
on  Nodaway  River,  19  miles  S.E.  of  Atlantic.  It  has  a 
flour-mill. 

Reno,  a  post-village  in  Reno  township,  Leavenworth 
CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Leavenworth  Branch  of  the  Kansas 
Pacific  Railroad,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lawrence.  It  has  a 
church.    Pop.  of  the  township,  812. 

Reno,  a  township  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas,     Pop.  195 

Reno,  a  township  of  Pope  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  208. 

Reno,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Washoe  co.,  Nevada,  on 
the  Truckee  River,  and  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  149 
miles  N.E.  of  Sacramento,  Cal.,  about  20  miles  direct  or 
51  miles  by  rail  N.AV.  of  Virginia  City,  and  3  miles  E.  of 
the  Sierra  Nevada.  It  has  2  banks,  5  churches,  a  female 
seminary,  printing-ofiSces  which  issue  2  daily  newspapers', 
a  powder-mill,  manufactories  of  carriages,  wagons,  and 
brooms,  and  the  large  mill  and  reduction-works  of  the 
Nevada  Land  and  Mining  Company.  The  state  prison  is 
located  here.  The  Truckee  is  a  rapid  river  and  affords  ex- 
tensive motive-power  at  this  place.  Reno  is  the  N.  termi- 
nus of  the  Virginia  A  Truckee  Railroad,  and  is  the  dis- 
tributing point  for  a  large  section  of  country.     Pop.  1302. 

Reno,  a  station  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  Western 
North  Carolina  Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Statesville. 

Reno,  a  post-village  of  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  in  Sugar 
Creek  township,  on  the  Alleghany  River,  on  the  Franklin 
Branch  of  the  Atlantic  A  Groat  Western  Railroad,  and  oa 
a  branch  of  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  3  miles  W.  of  Oil 
City,  and  5  miles  N.E.  of  Franklin.  It  has  a  church,  ser- 
eral  oil-wells,  and  a  refinery. 

Reno  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Hutchinson.     It  has  a  church. 

Re'noe,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Lake  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Flint 
<fc  Pcre  Marquette  Railroad,  27  miles  E.  of  Ludington. 

Reno'vo,  a  post-borough  and  summer  resort  in  Chap- 
man township,  Clinton  co..  Pa.,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the 
Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Philadelphia  <t  Erie  Rail- 
road, 27  miles  N.W.  of  Lock  Haven.  It  contains  a  good 
hotel,  a  newspaper  office,  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a 
bank,  and  machine-shops  of  the  railroad.  Railroad-cars 
are  manufactured  here.  Bituminous  coal  is  found  near  this 
place.     Lumber  is  the  chief  article  of  export.     Pop.  3708. 

RenOAVSe,  r§-now'se,  a  post-town  and  port  of  entry  of 
Newfoundland,  54  miles  S.  of  St.  John's.  It  is  a  place  of 
considerable  trade.     Pop.  859. 

Ren'rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Noble  co.,  0.,  24  miles  S.B 
of  Zanesville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Rensalier,  Ralls  co.,  Mo,    See  Ressselaeb. 


REX 


2265 


RES 


Rensselaer,  r5n'8?l-?r,  a,  county  in  the  B.  part  of 
New  York,  bordering  on  Massachusetts,  has  an  area  of 
about  650  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the 
Hudson  River,  and  is  drained  by  the  Hoosac  River  and 
Kinderhook  Creek.  The  surface  is  mostly  hilly  and  partly 
mountainous.  The  eastern  part  of  it  is  occupied  by  the 
rocky  and  rugged  Taghanic  Mountains,  which  present  pic- 
turesque scenery.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  Hay, 
oats,  butter,  potatoes,  flax,  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple 
products.  Among  its  minerals  are  Silurian  limestone, 
quartz,  and  roofing-slate.  This  county  has  extensive  manu- 
factures of  iron,  farming-implements,  and  many  other 
articles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  New  York  Central  &  Hud- 
son River  Railroad,  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  and  branches 
of  the  Delaware  &  Hudson  Railroad  system,  which  centre 
at  Troy,  the  capital  of  this  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  99,549  j 
in  1880,  115,328;  in  1890,  124,511. 

Rensselaer,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jasper  co.,  Tnd., 
in  Marion  township,  on  the  Iroquois  River,  and  on  the 
Louisville,  New  Albany  A  Chicago  Railroad,  46  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Logansport.  It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  2  or  3 
private  banks,  an  orphan  asylum,  a  number  of  churches,  a 
creamery,  manufactures  of  flour,  wagons,  &c.,  and  active 
shipments  of  flour,  corn,  oats,  and  live-stock.  Pop.  in  1880, 
968;  in  1890,  1465. 

Rensselaer,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ralls  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri,  Kansas  <fc  Texas  Railroad,  at  Rensalier  Station, 
12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Hannibal.  It  has  a  church  and  the 
Van  Rensselaer  Academy. 

Rensselaer  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Canton  township, 
St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Oswegatchie  River,  and  on 
the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  12  miles  S.E. 
of  Ogdensburg.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
carriages,  lumber,  <fec.     Pop.  395. 

Rensselaerville,  ren's§l-l§r-v!l,  a  post-village  of  Al- 
bany CO.,  N.Y.,  in  a  township  of  its  own  name,  about  24 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Albany.  It  contains  a  newspaper  ofiice, 
4  churches,  an  academy,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  woollen-factory. 

■i  Pop.  526.     The  township  is  drained  by  Catskill  Creek,  and 
■Contains  a  village  named  Preston  Hollow.     Pop.  2582. 
P  Rentchler,  rench'l^r,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Clair  co., 
111.,  on  the  St.  Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  20  miles  E. 
of  St.  Louis,  Mo.     It  has  a  church  and  a  coal-mine. 

Renteria,  rSn-t4-ree'4,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Guipuzcoa, 
the  Oyarzun,  near  Pasages.     Pop.  2538. 

Rcn'ton,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  and  2  miles  N.  of 

Dumbarton,  on  the  Leven.     Pop.  3087. 

Ren'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  King  co.,  Washington,  on 

le  Seattle  &  Walla  Walla  Railroad,  14  miles  S.E,  of  Se- 

:tle.    It  has  a  coal-mine. 

Rentsch,  r^ntch,  or  Hochrentsch,  hoK'rinlch,  a 

illage  of  Bohemia,  circle  of  Rakonitz.     Pop.  1424. 

Renville,  ren'vil,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of 

innesota,  has  an  area  of  about  900  square  miles.     It  is 

landed  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Minnesota  River,  and  drained 
hj  Beaver  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly 
level,  and  is  almost  destitute  of  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Wheat,  oats,  hay,  maize,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Capital,  Beaver  Falls.  Pop.  in  1870,  3219;  in  1875, 
6876;  in  1880,  10,791;  in  1890,  17,099. 

Renville,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  North  Dakota, 

irdering  on  the  British  possessions.  Area,  1332  square 
miles.    It  is  drained  by  the  Mouse  River.    Pop.  in  1890,  99. 

Renville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Renville  co.,  Minn.,  near 
the  Minnesota  River,  20  miles  N.W.  of  New  Ulm.  It  has 
»  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Renville  Station,  a  post-village  in  Emmett  town- 
Hj^ttip,  Renville  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  Hastings  &  Dakota  Rail- 
■BP'*'!'  It  has  6  stores  and  a  grain-elevator.  P.  about  150. 
■fKT  Reny,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Resi. 

'      R6ole,  La,  a  town  of  France.    See  La  Reole. 

Repaupo,  re-paw'po,  a  post-hamlet  in  Woolwich  town- 
ship, Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  near  the  Delaware  River,  about 
16  miles  S.W.  of  Camden.  It  has  a  church.  It  is  1  mile 
from  Repaupo  Station  of  the  Delaware  Shore  Railroad,  and 

-  miles  W.  of  Woodbury. 

llepentigny,  r?h-p6iioHeen*yee', »  post- village  in  L'As- 

-iption  CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  18  miles  N.E. 

Montreal.     Pop.  300. 
f  Repose,  re-poz',  a  post-office  of  Haralson  oo.,  Ga.,  15 
miles  \.  of  Carrollton. 

Kep'pard's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Clinch  co.,  Ga. 

Reppen,  r5p'p§n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg, 

miles  E.  of  Frankfort.     Pop.  4112. 

Reps,   rSps,   or  Kohalom,   ko'hiMom',  a  town  of 
Transylvania,  on  the  Rossbach,  19  miles  S.S.W.  of  Udvar- 
^ely      It  has  saline  springs.     Pop.  2708. 
143 


Rep'ton,  or  Rep'ington,  a  villnge  of  England,  cot 
and  7  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Derby,  with  a  noted  grammar-schook 
Pop.  of  parish,  2248.  : 

Kepub'lic,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kansas,  border! 
on  Nebraska.  Area,  720  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Republican  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and 
diversified  with  prairies  and  groves.  The  soil  is  fertilei 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  grass,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  traversed  by  several  railways.  Cap-i 
ital,  Belleville.  Pop.  in  1880,  14,913;  in  1890,  19,002.  .; 
Republic,  a  post-village  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas,  on  a 
branch  railway,  10  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Scandia. 

Republic,  a  post-village  of  Marquette  co.,  Mich.,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Marquette,  Houghton  &  Ontonagon  Railroad, 
35  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Marquette.  It  is  on  the  Michigamio 
River.     Here  is  a  large  and  rich  iron-mine.     Pop.  900. 

Republic,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co..  Mo.,  on  th« 
Atlantic   <fc   Pacific   Railroad,  about   10  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Springfield.    It  has  a  church  and  2  stores.    Pop.  about  lOOi 
Republic,  a  post-village  in  Soipio   township,  Seneca 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Chicago  division  of  the  Baltimore  &  Oliia 
Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Tiffin.     It  contains  4  churches, 
the  Northwestern  Normal  School,  2  hotels,  a  grist-mill,  t 
drug-stores,  and  a  manufactory  of  sash  and  blinds.     P.  715. 
Repiiblica  Argentina.     See  Argentine  Republic, 
Republican,  township,  Jefierson  co.,  Ind.     P.  1125. 
Republican  City,  a  village  of  Clay  co.,  Kansas,  1  mile 
S.W.  of  the  Republican  River,  and  30  miles  N.W.  of  Junc- 
tion City. 

Republican  City,  a  post-village  of  Harlan  co.,  Neb., 
on  the  Republican  River,  12  miles, W.  of  Bloomington.  It 
has  a  church,  a  newspaper  office,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 
Republican  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Halifax  co.^ 
Va.,  about  35  miles  N.E.  of  Danville.  It  has  a  church,  a 
steam  saw-mill,  and  a  coach-factory. 

Republican  River  rises  by  several  branches  in  the 
E.  part  of  Colorado,  and  runs  eastward  into  Nebraska.  It- 
traverses  extensive  and  arid  plains,  almost  destitute  ol 
forests,  in  the  southern  counties  of  Nebraska.  Its  general 
direction  is  nearly  eastward,  until  it  reaches  Ion.  98°  W.^ 
where  it  strikes  the  northern  boundary  of  Kansas  and 
enters  that  state.  It  runs  southward  through  Republican 
CO.,  southeastward  through  Clay  co.,  and  enters  the  Kansas 
River  in  Davis  co.,  about  3  miles  below  Junction  City,  Its 
length  is  estimated  at  550  miles. 

Repulse'  Bay,  Northern  Canada,  is  on  the  S.  side  of 
Melville  Peninsula,  in  lat.  66°  N.,  Ion.  86°  to  87°  W. 

Repulse  Bay,  Australia,  in  lat.  20°  36'  S.,  Ion.  148* 
40'  E.     At  its  mouth  are  Repulse  Islands. 

Re'qua,  a  post-office  and  Indian  village  of  Del  Norte 
CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  Pacific  Ocean,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Klamath 
River.     It  has  a  salmon-fishery. 

Requena,  ri-k4n'yi  (anc.  Loretum  ?),  a  town  of  Spain,, 
province  and  25  miles  W.  of  Valencia.     Pop.  7709. 

Reriz,  ri-rees',  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Bcira 
Alta,  about  6  miles  N.  of  Viseu.     Pop.  1035. 

Resaca,  re-sah'ka,  a  post-village  of  Gordon  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  Oostenaula  River,  and  on  the  AVestern  &  Atlantic 
Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of  Dalton.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
steam  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  ^ 

Resaca,  a  post-office  of  Duplin  co.,  N.C.,  20  miles 
S.AV.  of  Kinston. 

Resaca  de  la  Palma,  ri-s4'k&  di  1&  p4rm&,  a  noted 
battle-field  of  Cameron  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  route  from  Point 
Isabel  to  Brownsville,  about  4  miles  N.  of  Brownsville. 
Here,  on  the  9th  of  May,  1846,  the  Mexicans,  numbering 
upwards  of  6000,  under  General  Arista,  were  totally  de- 
feated by  about  2000  Americans. 

Res'cue,  a  post-office  of  Saunders  co.,  Neb.,  6  miles  S.' 
of  North  Bend. 

Reserve,  re-zerv',  a  post-hamlet  of  Miami  co.,  Ind., 

on  the  Mississinewa  River,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Peru.     It  has  a 

church.     Pop.  about  150. 

Reserve,  a  township  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1387.     - 

Reserve,  a  township  of  Ramsey  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  388. 

Reserve,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  2  miles  S.E, 

of  Buffalo.     It  has  2  churches. 

Reserve,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.     P.  IGOO. 
Reservoir,  rez'§r-voir,  a  statin  of  the  New  York  & 
New  England   Railroad   (Woonsocket   Branch),  5i  miles 
S.W.  of  Boston,  Mass. 

Reservoir,  a  post-office  of  Mercer  co.,  0.,  about  35 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Piqua. 

Reservoir,  a  station  of  the  Philadelphia,  Newtown  <k 
New  York  Railroad,  2i  miles  S.  of  Fox  Chase,  Pa. 

Reshd,  or  Resht,  rSsht,  a  town  of  Persia,  province 
of  Ghilan,  between  two  small  rivers,  16  miles  S.E.  of  its 


RES 


2260 


REU 


port,  Enielleo,  on  the  Caspian  Sen,  in  a  rory  unhealthy 
■ituation.  It  import*  large  quantities  of  Kusnian  manu- 
factured goods  fur  consum]ition  in  (Jliilan,  and  exports 
ailks,  fruits,  and  gall-nuts.     Pop.  2U,0U0. 

KeHliitza,  or  K«^itza,  Uuasia.    See  Rrzhitsa. 

Kcshtabutl,  r6sh-t&-b&d',  a  village  of  Persia,  on  the 
Sefoud  Hood,  15  miles  K.  of  Keshd. 

Kcsina,  ri-see'nl,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  6 
miles  S.E.  of  Naples,  at  the  W.  foot  of  Mount  Vesuvius, 
and  built  over  the  ruins  of  Ilerculanoum.     Pop.  12,175. 

Rcsinar,  rA-seo-naR',  or  Ilosinar,  ro-se-naa',  written 
also  Uossiiiar  (Oer.  StUdterdor/,  stit't^r-douf^),  a  town 
of  Transylvania,  in  Saxonlund,  oo.  and  8  miles  S.W,  of 
Uermannstadt.     Pop.  5569.     It  has  a  Greek  bishop. 

Rcsit/.n,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Rezhitsa.. 

Itesolii'tion  Day  is  on  the  W.  side  of  Tahuata,  one 
of  the  Marquesas  Islands. 

Resolu'tion  Island*  in  British  North  America,  is  at 
the  entrance  of  Hudson  Strait.  Lat.  61°  30'  N.;  Ion. 
85°  W.  Length  and  breadth,  nearly  40  miles  each.  On 
its  E.  side  is  Cape  Resolution. 

Resolution  Island,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  Dangerous 
Archipelago,  is  in  lat.  17°  22'  S.,  Ion.  141°  35'  W. 

Resolution  Island*  a  lagoon-island  in  Low  Archi- 
pelago.    Lat.  17°  25'  S.;  Ion.  143°  24'  W. 

Respa,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Molpetta. 

Rcspitz,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Roschitz. 

Ressant*  rAs^s&nt',  a  village  of  Morocco,  E.  of  Mount 
Atlas,  and  in  the  vicinity  of  Tafilet. 

Rest,  a  post-ofiice  of  Wilson  co.,  Kansas. 

Rest,  a  post-oSice  of,  Vernon  co..  Wis. 

^estigny,  rfisHeen^yee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Indre- 
•t-  .oire,  7  miles  N.  of  Chinon.     Pop.  2013. 

■  Rcstigouche,  rdsUe-goosh'  (i.«.,  "the  river  which 
divides  like  the  hand,"  in  allusion  to  its  five  principal 
streams  or  branches),  a  river  of  New  Brunswick,  forms 
the  N.  boundary  of  the  province,  separating  it  from 
Quebec.  Length,  225  miles  ;  area  of  drainage,  about  5000 
square  miles.  Its  five  leading  branches  vary  from  50  to  70 
miles  in  length,  and  are  known  by  the  names  of  Matapediac 
or  Musical  River,  Upsalquitch  or  Blanket  River,  Wetom- 
kegowick  or  Large  River,  Mistouche  or  Little  River,  and 
AVaagan  or  Knife  River.  The  entrance  to  the  Restigouche 
from  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs  is  3  miles  wide  and  9  fathoms 
deep.  The  tide  flows  up  24  miles,  of  which  18  are  navi- 
gable for  the  largest  ships. 

Restigouche,  an  extensive  county  in  the  N.  part  of 
New  Brunswick,  bordering  on  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs.  The 
surface  is  extremely  diversified  with  mountains  and  valleys, 
and  is  intersected  by  numerous  rivers.  The  soil  is  fertile 
and  heavily  timbered.  Large  quantities  of  timber  are 
annually  exported  from  Dalhousie,  the  capital.  Area,  2889 
square  miles.     Pop.  5576. 

Restituta,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Zafra. 

Restora'tion  Island,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  off  the 
E.  coast  of  Australia.  Lat.  12°  37'  30"  S. ;  Ion.  143°  27' 
E.     It  is  a  granitic  rock. 

Restormel  Castle,  England.    See  Lostwithiel. 

Resuttano,  rd-soot-ti'no,  a  town  of  Sicily,  14  miles 
N.  of  Caltanisetta.     Pop.  4052. 

■  Reszow,  a  town  of  Oalicia.     See  Rzeszow. 
Rctchitsa,  or  Retschitza,  rA-chit'si  ( Pol.  Rzeczyca, 

rhi-chit'si),  a  town  of  Russia,  158  miles  S.E.  of  Minsk,  on 
the  Dnieper.     Pop.  4247.    See  also  Rezhitsa. 

Rctchmund,  a  town  of  France.     See  Rougemost. 

Rctchnoi,  r6tch-noi',  a  cape  of  Siberia,  on  the  E.  coast, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Anadeer.  Lat.  68°  48'  44"  N. ;  Ion. 
176°  45'  50"  E. 

Retemo,  a  town  of  Crete.     See  Retimo. 

Ret'ford,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Notts,  at  a  rail- 
way junction,  on  the  Idle,  opposite  West  Retford,  18  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Newark.  It  has  a  handsome  Gothic  church,  a 
free  grammar-school,  a  poor's  hospital,  union  workhouse, 
town  hall,  news-rooms,  two  branch  banks,  and  a  small  thea- 
»fe.  The  borough  sends  two  members  to  Parliament.  Pop. 
(1891)  10,603. 

Rethel,  r^hHfil',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ardennes,  on  the 
Aisne,  25  miles  by  rail  ^.W.  of  M6zi6res.  Pop.  7364.  It 
has  extensive  manufactures  of  merinoes,  cashmeres,  and 
other  woollen  goods,  machinery,  <tc. 

Rcthelois,or  Rethelais,  r?hH?hMi',  an  ancient  dis- 
trict of  France,  belonged  to  the  province  of  Champagne, 
and  now  forms  the  S.W.  part  of  the  department  of  Ar- 
dennes.    Rethel  was  its  capital. 

Rcthem,  ri't§m,  a  village  of  Prussia,  33  miles  N.W. 
of  Hanover,  on  the  Aller.     Pop.  1317. 

Rethy,  ri-tl'  or  riHee',  or  Rethy-Warbeeck,  ri-ti'- 


^an'baik',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of  Antwerp,  7 
miles  S.E.  of  Turnhout.     Pop.  2700. 

Retimo,  or  Retemo,  ri-tee'mo  (anc. /JiMi/m'no), » 
seaport  town  of  Crete,  on  its  N.  coast,  38  miles  W.  of  Con- 
dia.  Pop.  3000,  mostly  Turks.  It«  bauiars,  atreets,  and 
fort  have  wholly  a  Turkish  oppearunce. 

Rctournac,  r^h-tooR'nlk  ,  a  town  of  France,  in  Ilautt- 
Loire,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Loire.     Pop.  1056. 

RcHreat',  a  hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Jeffor- 
Ronville,  Madison  &,  Indianapolis  Railroad,  41  milos  N.  of 
Louisville,  Ky. 

Retreat,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grimes  co.,  Tex.,  7  miles  E. 
of  Courtney  Station.     It  has  a  church  and  a  steam  mill. 

Retreat,  a  post-ofiico  of  Franklin  co.,  Va.,  about  50 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Danville. 

Retreat,  a  post-office  of  Vernon  co.,  Wis.,  15  milM 
N.E.  of  Lansing,  Iowa. 

Retreat,  a  town  of  Jamaica,  on  tho  N.  coast,  10  milet 
E.  of  Richmond.     Pop.  4014. 

Retschitza,  Russia.     See  Retciiitsa  and  Rezhitsa. 

Retz,  r£ts,  an  old  district  of  France,  in  Brittany,  now 
comprised  in  the  department  of  Loire-Inforicure. 

Retz,  rits,  or  Rots,  rots,  a  town  of  Austria,  43  milei 
N.E.  of  V'ienna,  near  Moravia.     Pop.  2744. 

Retza,  a  town  of  Austri.a.     See  RciTZ. 

Rcu,  a  town  of  France.     See  Rikz. 

Reuben,  ru'b^n,  a  tribe  of  Isrnclites,  who  took  their 
portion  of  the  promised  land  E.  of  the  Jordan,  between 
Aiiimon  on  the  S.  and  the  tribe  of  Gad  on  the  N.,  and 
having  the  desert  on  the  E. 

Reugny,  run^yee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Indre-ct- 
Loire,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Tours.     Pop.  1212. 

Reuilly,  ruh'yee'  or  ruTyee',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Indre,  on  a  railway,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Issoudun.    Pop.  1640. 

Reunion,  re-yun'yun,  formerly  Uourbon,  bcor'bon 
(Fr.  lie  de  la  Riuuion,  eel  d^h  1&  ri*ii^no-6x"'),  an  i.^land  in 
the  Mascarene  group,  Indian  Ocean,  forming  a  French  col- 
ony. Lat.  20°  51'  S. ;  Ion.  65°  30'  E.  Area,  970  square  miles 
Pop.  166,916,  including  Indians,  Chinese,  negroes,  and  mixed 
races.  The  island  is  of  volcanic  origin,  and  is  traversed 
from  N.  to  S.  by  a  chain  of  mountains  which  divides  it  into 
two  portions,  viz.,  on  the  E.,  partie  du  vent  (windward),  and 
on  the  W.,  partie  sous  le  veut  (leeward).  The  chief  summits 
are  the  Piton  des  Neiges,  an  extinct  volcano,  10,100  feet 
high  ;  (Jrand  Bernard,  9500  feet;  Cimandcf,  7300  feet;  and 
Piton  de  la  Fournaise,  an  active  volcano,  7218  feet.  Theie 
are  no  extensive  plains,  but  the  mountains  are  separated  by 
narrow  valleys ;  it  is  watered  by  numerous  streams,  all  of 
which  are  rapid  and  none  navigable.  The  climate,  formerly 
very  salubrious,  has  undergone  a  great  change,  and  is  very 
unhealthy  for  Europeans.  Capital,  Saint-Denis.  Reunion 
has  no  natural  port,  and  its  anchorages  are  insecure.  The 
soil  is  fertile  near  the  coast.  The  products  are  sugar,  cof- 
fee, cloves,  maize,  rice,  and  tobacco.  The  corn  raised  is 
insufficient  for  consumption,  and  is  used  only  by  Europeans, 
manioc  being  the  chief  food  of  others.  Principal  exports, 
sugar,  coffee,  cloves,  dye-woods,  and  saltpetre;  imports, 
wheat,  oil,  wine,  cattle,  timber,  salt,  glass,  and  manufac- 
tured goods.  The  island  was  discovered  in  1545  by  the 
Portuguese,  who  called  the  group  Mascarenhas. 

Reus,  ri'ooce,  a  manufacturing  town  of  Spain,  prov 
ince  and  9  miles  W.  of  Tarragona.  Pop.  28,171.  It  con- 
sists of  an  older  portion,  founded  in  the  twelfth  century,  and 
a  regularly  built  quarter,  which  rose  up  about  the  end  of 
the  last  century.  It  has  good  inns  and  coffee-houses,  nu- 
merous churches,  hospitals,  barracks,  a  theatre,  and  manu- 
factures of  silk,  cotton,  and  linen  fabrics  and  twist,  soap, 
leather,  glass,  spirits,  <te.  A  canal  connects  it  with  its 
port.  Salon,  6  miles  distant. 

Reiisch,  roish,  Alt,  &lt,  and  Neu,  noi,  two  contignoui 
towns  of  Moravia,  17  miles  S.  of  Iglan.    United  pop.  1400. 

Reuss,  roice,  a  river  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Uri 
rises  N.W.  of  Mount  St.  Gothard,  and  enters  the  Lake  of 
Lucerne  after  a  N.  course  of  30  miles,  during  which  it  de- 
scends 4500  feet. 

Reuss,  ruce  (Ger.  pron.  roice  or  roiss),  two  principahticj 
of  the  German  Empire,  somewhat  intermingled  with  other 
territories,  but  lying  between  Saxony,  Bavaria,  and  the  Saxon 
duchies,  and  belonging  to  an  older  and  a  younger  line  of 
princes.  The  territory  of  tho  older  line,  usually  called  the 
l)rincipality  of  Reuss-Greitz,  has  an  area  of  122  equare 
miles.  The  territories  of  the  younger  line  form  the  princi- 
pality of  Renss-Schleitz,  having  an  area  of  220  square 
miles.  These  territories  arc,  on  the  whole,  fertile  and  well 
wooded.  The  most  important  crops  are  potatoes  and  flax; 
hops  also  are  considerably  grown;  great  nnmbers  of  cattle 
and  sheep  are  reared.     They  possess  among  their  mincrala 


REU 


2267 


REZ 


iron,  which  is  partially  worked,  and  roofing-?latcs,  which 
nre  extensively  quarried.     The  two  principalities,  though 
belonging  to  two  different  branches,  rank  only  as  one  state. 
Both  fines,  as  well  as  the  great  majority  of  their  subjects, 
are  Protestants.     Pop.  (1890)  of  Reuss-Greitz,  62,754;  of 
Reuss-Schleitz,  119,811. 
Reuss,  Ascension  parish,  La.    See  Hohen  Solms. 
Reussendorf,   rois'sen-donr,   a   village  of  Prussia, 
government  and  S.W.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  3370. 
Reuss-Greitz  and  Reuss-Schleitz.    See  Reuss. 
Reutlingen,  roit'ling-?n,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on 
the  Eschatz,  20  miles  S.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  15,246.    It  has 
several  churches  (one  with  a  tower  320  feet  high),  a  town 
hall,  a  well-endowed  hospital,  an  orphan  asylum,  and  man- 
ufactures of  leather,  lace,  paper,  clocks,  and  watches. 
Reveille,  rev-^l-ce',  a  post-office  of  Nye  co.,  Nevada. 
Revel,  rgh-vSl',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute-Qaronne, 
31  miles  E.S.E.  of  Toulouse.     Pop.  3782.     It  has  manufac- 
tures of  linen,  leather,  hosiery,  pottery,  liqueurs,  and  oil. 

Revel,  rSv'^l,  or  Reval,  rdv'il  (Russ.  Kolyvan,  ko-le- 
vin' ;  Esthonian,  Talline,  til'le-nA),  a  fortified  town  of 
Russia,  capital  of  Esthonia,  on  a  small  bay  on  the  S.  side  of 
the  Gulf  of  Finland,  200  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  St.  Peters- 
burg. Lat.  of  cathedral,  59°  26"  N. ;  Ion.  21°  45'  E.  Pop. 
60,488.  The  city  proper,  enclosed  by  ancient  bastioned 
walls  and  defended  by  a  strong  castle  on  a  height,  is  irregu- 
larly built  and  small ;  but  the  suburbs  extend  for  some 
distance.  The  principal  edifices  are  an  imperial  palace,  the 
admiralty,  a  town  hall,  churches,  a  theatre,  club-houses,  a 
gymnasium,  an  episcopal  seminary,  Ac.  Revel  has  numerous 
schools,  and  3  or  4  public  libraries;  and  it  is  much  resorted 
to  as  a  watering-place.  The  harbor  has  been  materially 
improved,  and  its  roadstead  is  well  sheltered.  Largo  quan- 
tities of  corn,  spirits,  hemp,  flax,  timber,  and  other  Baltic 
goods  are  exported,  in  exchange  for  colonial  produce,  salt, 
cheese,  wine,  tobacco,  fruits,  herrings,  dye-stuffs,  cotton 
yarn,  and  other  manufactured  goods.  The  town  and  castle 
were  founded  by  Waldemar  II.  of  Denmark  in  1218.  The 
Russians  took  it  from  the  Swedes  in  1710. 

Revel  lo,  r4-vSl'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  prov- 
ince and  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Coni.     Pop.  5339. 

Revere,  ri-vi'rA,  a  town  of  Lombardy,  17  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Mantua,  on  the  Po.  Pop.  4043. 
Revere,  re-veer',  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  co.,  Mass.,  on 
•  Massachusetts  Bay,  on  the  Eastern  Railroad,  at  the  junc- 
1  tion  of  the  East  Boston  Branch,  and  on  the  Boston,  Revere 
|i  Beach  &  Lynn  Railroad,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Boston.  Here  are 
I  several  hotels  on  Revere  Beach,  which  is  frequented  by 
I  citizens  of  Boston  on  holidays.  Revere  Post-Office  is  a 
I  branch  of  the  Boston  post-office.  It  is  on  the  street  railroad 
jfrom  Boston  to  Lynn.  Pop.  of  Revere  township,  2263. 
t  Revere  House,  a  station  and  seaside  resort  in  Suffolk 
ICO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston,  Revere  Beach  <fc  Lynn  Railroad, 
,  5i  miles  N.E.  of  Boston. 

!  Reves,  ri'vfis,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  on  the 
Rampe,  25  miles  E.  of  Mons.     Pop.  1418. 

Revigny,  r^h-veen'yee',  a  market-town  of  France,  in 
Meuse,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bar-Ie-Duc.  Pop.  1140. 
Revilgunge,  or  Revelganj,  India.  See  GonNA. 
Revilla-Gigedo,ri-veeryi-ne-nA.'do,  arocky  island- 
•gnmp  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  belonging  to  the  state  of  Colima, 
■Mexico,  lat.  19°  N.,  Ion.  110°  W.,  and  coVisisting  of  the 
mountain-island  of  Socorro,  24  miles  long  and  9  miles  broad, 
with  some  islets.     They  are  not  inhabited. 

Revilla-Gigedo,  ri-veel'yi-He-H.^'DO,  an  island  of 
Alaska,  between  lat.  55°  and  56°  N.,  Ion.  131°  W.  Length, 
50  miles;  breadth,  25  miles, 

,  Revin,  r9h-v5,s»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ardennes,  on 
|the  Meuse,  6  miles  E.  of  Rocroy.  Pop.  3383.  It  has  tan- 
laeries,  iron-foundries,  and  forges. 

Rewah,  rd'wi,  or  Baghulcund,  bi-gool-kilnd',  a 
•tate  of  Central  India,  mostly  between  lat.  24°  and  42°  30' 
^f.  and  Ion.  81°  and  82°  E.  Area,  10,310  square  miles. 
Pop.  1,360,000.     The  principal  town  is  Rewah. 

Rewah,  the  capital  of  the  above  state,  is  70  miles  S.W. 
)f  Allahabad.  It  has  a  large  stone  fort  and  extensive 
luburbs.     Lat.  24°  34'  N. ;  Ion.  81°  19'  E.     Pop.  7000. 

Uewakanta,  ri'wi-kin'ti,  also  written  Re'wa 
Caun'ta,  a  division  of  India,  in  Guzcrat,  consisting  of  7 
arger  and  several  minor  native  states,  known  as  "  Rcwa- 
canta  states."  Lat.  21°  23'-23°  33'  N. ;  Ion.  73°  3'-74° 
8'  E.  Total  area,  4593  square  miles.  Pop.  505,732.  They 
•re  all  tributaries  to  Indore,  to  Baroda,  or  to  the  British. 
Rex'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  Va.,  28  miles  E. 
f  Milford  Station.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  saw-mill. 
Rex'ford  Flats,  a  post- village  in  Clifton  Park  town- 
hip,  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Mohawk  River,  and  on  the 


Erie  Canal  and  New  York  Central  Railroad,  about  15  miles 
N.W.  of  Troy.  The  canal  hero  crosses  the  river  on  a  stone 
aqueduct.     It  has  a  church. 

Rex'villc,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ripley  co.,  Ind.,  15  miles 
N.  of  Madison.     It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  store. 

Rexvillc,  a  post-village  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  in  West 
Union  township,  48  miles  W.  of  Elmira.     It  has  2  churches. 

Reybold,  ri'bold,  a  station  in  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  on 
the  Pennsyh'ania  &  Delaware  Railroad,  2  miles  N.W.  of 
Delaware  City. 

Reyden,  a  village  of  Switzerland.    See  Reiden. 

Reyes,  ri'yfis,  or  Chinchacocha,  cheen-chi-ko'ch^, 
a  lake  of  Peru,  forming  one  of  the  principal  sources  of  tlio 
Amazon,  is  situated  in  lat.  10°  25'  S.,  Ion.  75°  40'  W. 

Reykjavik,  a  town  of  Iceland.     See  Reikiavik. 

Reynale's  (rl'nalz)  Basin, apost- village  in  Royalton 
township,  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie  Canal,  and  on  the 
New  York  Central  Railroad,  about  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lock- 
port.     It  has  a  cheese-factory  and  2  stores. 

Reynet,  South  Africa.    See  Graap-Reynet. 

Reynold's,  r5n'9lz,  a  county  in  the  S.B.  part  of  Mis- 
souri, has  an  area  of  about  830  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Big  Black  River,  and  also  drained  by  Logan's 
Creek.  The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests.  Maize,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staples. 
Capital,  Centreville,  on  the  Big  Black  River.  Pop.  in  1870, 
3756;  in  1880,  5722;  in  1890,  6803. 

Reynolds,  a  post-village  of  Taylor  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Flint  River,  and  on  the  Southwestern  Railroad,  42  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Macon. 

Reynolds,  a  township  of  Lee  co.,  111.     Pop.  742. 

Reynolds,  a  post-village  of  Rock  Island  co.,  111.,  in 
Edgington  township,  on  the  Rock  Island  &  Mercer  County 
Railroad.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  and  several 
stores. 

Reynolds,  a  post-village  in  Honey  Creek  township, 
White  CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago 
Railroad,  and  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Logansport 
with  Watseka,  23  miles  N.  of  Lafayette,  and  27  miles  W. 
of  Logansport.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school, 
3  churches,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  400. 

Reynolds,  township,  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  1271. 

Reynolds,  a  township  of  Todd  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  391. 

Reynolds,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Little  Schuylkill  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Tamaqua.  It  has 
a  church. 

Reynolds,  a  station  in  Giles  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Nash- 
ville &  Decatur  Railroad,  71  miles  S.  of  Nashville. 

Reynolds,  a  station  in  Cherokee  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  In- 
ternational &  Great  Northern  Railroad,  34  miles  N.E.  of 
Palestine. 

Reynolds  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  in  Thomaston  town 
ship,  Litchfield.  CO.,  Conn.,  on  the  Naugatuck  Railroad, 
about  24  miles  W.S.W.  of  Hartford.  It  has  a  manufactory 
of  cutlery  and  a  granite-quarry. 

Reynoidsburg,  rSn'olz-burg,  a  post-office  of  Johnson 
CO.,  111.,  about  42  miles  N.E.  of  Cairo. 

Reynoidsburg,  a  post-village  in  Truro  township, 
Franklin  co.,  0.,  about  11  miles  E.  of  Columbus,  and  about 
2  miles  S.  of  the  railroad  which  connects  Columbus  with 
Newark.  It  has  a  money-order  post-office,  several  general 
stores,  and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  457. 

Reynolds  Corners,  a  hamlet  in  Moreau  township, 
Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  5  miles  N.  of  Gansevoort  Station.  It 
has  a  church. 

Reynolds  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Owyhee  co.,  Idaho. 

Reynoldson,  rdn'ol-s9n,  a  post-hamlet  and  township 
of  Gates  co.,  N.C.,  40  miles  S.W.  of  Norfolk,  Va.     P.  988. 

Reynolds  Store,  a  post-office  of  Kanawha  co.,  W.  Va. 

Reynoldsville,  rSn'olz-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bath  co., 
Ky.,  5  miles  W.  of  Owingsville,     It  has  2  stores. 

Reynoldsville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hector  township, 
Schuyler  co.,  N.Y.,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Watkins,  and  about  25 
miles  N.  of  Elmira.  It  has  a  church,  a  lumber-mill,  and  2 
stores.     Pop.  about  150. 

Reynoldsville,  a  post-borough  of  Jefferson  co..  Pa., 
in  AV'insIow  township,  on  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad 
(Low  Grade  division),  and  on  a  branch  of  Red  Bank  Creek, 
15  miles  E.  of  Brookville,  and  about  50  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Altoona.  It  has  a  bank,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  office, 
several  churches,  5  saw-mills,  2  planing-mills,  a  foundry, 
a  machine-shop,  3  brick-yards,  a  grist-mill,  and  several 
collieries.     Pop.  in  1890,  2789. 

Reynosa,  ra-no'sa,  a  post-office  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C. 

Rezat,  rfit'sit,  two  small  streams  of  Bavaria,  affluents 
of  the  Rednitz,  which  give  name  to  the  circle  of  Rezat,  01 
Middle  Fran.'onia. 


REZ 


226S 


RHI 


Rez6)  rfh-si',  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Loiro-Inf^rioure, 
soar  tbo  Loire,  1  mile  S.W.  of  Nanlos.     Pup.  2184. 

Rczcnde,  r&-z£n'd&,  a  village  of  Portugnl,  in  Beira 
Alto,  11  uiiloa  W.S.W.  of  Latuogo.     Pop.  3162. 

Rezcnde*  r&-cdn'd^  a  town  of  Brazil,  92  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Rio  Janeiro.     Pop.  5000. 

Rczhitsa,  orltcjitsa,  rJl-xhit'8&  or  r&-zheot'8&,  writ- 
ten also  llcshitza  and  Kesitza^  a  town  of  liussiu,  gov- 
ernment and  145  miles  N.W.  of  Vitebsk.  Pop.  8051.  See 
Kktchitsa. 

RczzatOy  rit-s&'to,  a  village  of  Italy,  5  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Urosoia.     Pop.  1995. 

Rczzo,  rdt'so,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Porto 
Alaurizio,  on  the  Chiusa.     Pop.  1134. 

Rha*  the  anoient  name  of  the  Volga. 

RhadanicS)  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Ohadaues. 

Rhivdestuni)  or  Rhnedestus.    See  Rodosto. 

Rhictia,  an  ancient  name  of  Tyrol  and  Orisons. 

Rha'gcs,  a  ruined  city  of  Persia,  the  remains  of  which 
arc  a  little  S.  of  Teheran. 

Rhaimatpur,  India.    See  REHitnTPOOR. 

Rliain,  a  town  of  Bavaria.    See  Rain. 

Rhan,  a  town  of  India.    See  Rahoon. 

Rhayadar*  hri'^-dar,  written  also  Rhayader  and 
Rhaydr,  a  town  of  Wales,  co.  of  Radnor,  on  the  Wye, 
14  miles  W.N.W.  of  New  Radnor.    Pop.  976.    It  contributes 
in  sending  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 
.   Rh6,  an  island  of  France.    See  Re. 

Rhea,  r4,  a  county  of  East  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of 
about  360  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the 
Tennessee  River.  The  surface  is  partly  mountainous  or 
hilly.  This  county  comprises  a  part  of  the  Cumberland 
Mountains  or  Table-Land.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Bitu- 
minous coal  and  iron  ore  are  found  here.  Capital,  Wash- 
ington. Rhea  has  forests  of  oak,  hickory,  and  other  de- 
ciduous trees.  It  is  traversed  from  N.W.  to  S.E.  by  a 
branch  of  the  Queen  &  Crescent  Route.  Pop.  in  1S70, 
6538;  in  1880,  7073;  in  1890,  12,647. 

Rhea's  (raz)  mills*  post-oflSce,  Washington  oo.,  Ark. 

Rhea's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Collin  co.,  Tex.,  10 
miles  N.W.  of  McKinney. 

Rhea  Springs,  a  post-village  and  watering-place  of 
Rhea  co.,  Tenn.,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Athens,  about  60  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Chattanooga,  and  1  mile  W.  of  the  Tennessee 
River.     It  has  3  churches,  a  hotel,  and  mineral  springs. 

Rheatown,  ra'town,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co., 
Tenn.,  1  mile  from  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia 
Railroad,  and  48  miles  S.W.  of  Bristol.  It  has  3  churches, 
an  academy,  4  stores,  and  manufactures  of  farming-imple- 
ments and  leather.     Pop.  about  400. 

Rheda,  rd'dd,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  40 
miles  S.W.  of  Minden,  on  the  Ems.     Pop.  2745. 

Rheems,  reemz,  a  station  in  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  20i  miles  E.S.E.  of  Ilarrisburg. 

Rheeiien,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Rhenen. 

Rhegium,  an  ancient  n.ame  of  Reggio. 

Rheidt,  Rheid,  Rheydt,  or  Rheyd,  ritt,  a  town 
of  Rhenish  Prussia,  government  and  25  miles  N.W.  of  Co- 
logne, at  a  railway  junction,  on  the  Niers.  It  h.as  manu- 
factures of  cotton,  linen,  silk,  and  woollen  fabrics,  and 
leather.     Pop.  15,835. 

Rheims,  a  city  of  France.    See  Reims. 

Rheims,  reemz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
IJrbana  township,  near  Lake  Keuka,  2  miles  by  rail  from 
Ilammondsport.     It  has  a  manufactory  of  wine. 

Rhein,  a  river  of  Europe.     See  Rhine,  and  RniN. 

Rhein,  rine,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  51  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Gumbinnen,  on  Lake  Rhein.    Pop.  2340. 

Rheinau,  ri'now,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Zurich,  on  the  Rhine,  4  miles  S.  of  Schaff  hausen.     P.  1278. 

Rheinberg,  rin'bJno,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  24 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Dusseldorf,  on  the  Rhine.     Pop.  2661. 

Rheine,  or  Rheina,  ri'n§h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Westphalia,  23  miles  N.N.W.  of  MUnster,  on  the  Ems. 
It  has  manufactures  of  cottons  and  machinery.     Pop.  4132. 

Rheineck,  or  Rheinegg,  ri'nSk,  a  town  of  Switzer- 
land, canton  of  St.  Gall,  on  the  Rhine,  near  the  Lake  of 
Constance.     Pop.  1401. 

Rheinfelden,  rin'f51d'?n,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton of  Aargau,  10  miles  E.  of  Basel.  Pop.  2078.  Near  it  is 
the  ruined  castle  of  Stein,  on  an  island  in  the  river  Rhine. 

Rheinfcls,  rin'fils  (i.e.,  "  Rhine  rock"),  a  ruined  for- 
tress of  Prussia,  on  an  island  in  the  Rhine,  near  Sanct  Goar. 
,  Rheingau,  rin'gow  {i.e.,  "Rhine  country"),  a  valley 
in  llessc-Nassau,  between  the  Rhine  and  Mount  Taunus. 
The  chief  town  is  Elfeld. 


Rheingold,  rin'gold,  a  post-office  of  Qillcppio  co.,  Tex. 
Rh«in>Iles8Cii,  rln'hfis's^n,  or  Rhenish  IIcssc, 

rAu'ish  h6sn,  the  westernmost  jjrovince  of  Hchsu,  huundcd 
E.  by  the  Rhine.     Area,  530  square  miles.     To]!.  260,012. 

Rheinniagen,  rln'mi'gh^n,  or  Rcmngen,  rd'mV- 
gh^n,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  23  miles  N.W.  of  Cob- 
lentz,  on  the  Rhine.     Pop.  2065. 

Rheinsberg,  rins'bAita,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Branden- 
burg, 48  miles  N.  of  Potsdam.  It  has  a  royal  castle  with 
a  va«t  park.     Pop.  2080. 

Rheinthal,  rin'til  {i.e.,  the  "  valley  of  the  Rhino"),  a 
district  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Schwytz.  Pop.  of  Ober 
Rheinthal,  16,327;  of  Untor-Rhcinlhul,  13,137. 

Rhcinzabern,  rinH«i'b?rn,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Ba- 
varia, on  tho  Eribach,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Landau.     Pop.  1 977, 

Rhenen,  or  Rheenen,  ri'n?n,  a  town  of  the  Xcthcr- 
lands,  in  Utrecht,  on  the  Rhine,  9  miles  10.  of  Wyk-bei- 
Duurstede.  It  has  a  Gothic  church,  and  an  active  trade  in 
tobacco.     Pop.  4089. 

Rhenish  Bavaria, or  Palatinate.    See  Bataria. 

Rhen'ish  Prussia,  or  the  Rhine  Province,  a 
province  of  Prussia,  embracing  tho  portion  of  the  Paliiti- 
nate  of  the  Rhino  which  belongs  to  Prussia.  Area,  10  415 
square  miles.  Pop.  3,804,381.  See  Palati.nate,  and 
Prussia. 

Rhenus.    See  Reno,  and  Rhine. 

Rhin,  Rhyn,  rin,  or  Rhein,  rin,  a  river  of  Prussia, 
in  Brandenburg,  joins  tho  Havel  26  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bran- 
denburg, after  a  S.W.  course  of  60  miles. 

Rhine,  rin  (Ger.  Jiheiit ;  Dutch,  Jlhyn ;  both  pronounced 
as  the  English  Rhine;  Fr.  Jihin,  riN";  Sp.  Jiin,  rcen;  It. 
Reno,  ri'no;  anc.  Ithe'nua),  a  river  of  Europe,  formed  in 
Switzerland  by  the  union  of  two  small  streams,  the  Ilintor 
and  Vorder  Rhein.  The  first  springs  from  the  glacier  of 
Rheinwald,  and  the  second  rises  on  the  N.  side  of  Mount 
St.  Gothard,  at  a  height  of  7650  feet;  these  meet  at  Reich- 
enau,  in  the  canton  of  Grisons.  The  united  stream  flows 
generally  N.  past  Mayenfeld,  and  enters  the  Lake  of  Con- 
stance on  the  S.E.,  near  Rheineck;  at  Stein  it  quits  the 
lake,  flowing  W.  past  Schafifhausen  and  Lauffenburg,  sepa- 
rating Switzerland  from  Bavaria.  At  Basel,  where  the  Upper 
Rhine  terminates,  it  turns  to  the  N.,  and  flows  past  Brcisach 
and  Strasburg,  Speyer  and  Mannheim,  between  tho  terri- 
tories of  Baden  on  the  E.  and  Alsace  and  Rhenish  Bavaria 
on  the  W.  At  Mentz  it  receives  the  Main,  and  flows  W. 
to  Bingen,  where  it  turns  to  the  N.W.,  passing  Coblcntz, 
Bonn,  Cologne,  Dusseldorf,  Wesel,  and  Emmerich,  below 
which  it  divides  into  two  principal  arms,  tho  larger  of  i 
which,  the  AV an  I,  joins  the  ileuse  (or  Maas).  The  other,  j 
which  retains  the  name  of  Rhine,  falls  into  tho  North  Sea  | 
at  Katwyk-aan-Zee,  in  tho  Netherlands.  The  principal ' 
aiBuents  are,  on  the  right,  the  Kinzig,  Neckar,  Blain,  Latin,  i 
Ruhr,  and  Lippe;  and  on  the  left,  the  Thur,  Aar,  III,  and 
Mos.elle.  The  total  length  of  the  Rhine,  following  its  wind- 
ings, is  about  960  miles,  and  its  basin  comprises  an  area  of 
65,280  square  miles.  The  Rhine  abounds  with  fish,  including 
salmon  and  salmon-trout,  but  more  especially  sturgeon, 
lampreys,  pike,  and  carp.  Wild  fowl  also  abound  on  itsi 
banks  and  countless  islands. 

The  Rhine  first  becomes  navigable  at  Chur,  in  the  Ori- 
sons, but  the  navigation  is  not  continuous  till  below  Schaff- 
hausen.  In  tha  Netherlands  it  is  connected  by  canals  with 
its  several  branches  and  with  the  sea.  The  great  North 
Canal  unites  it  with  the  Meuse  and  the  Nethc,  affluents  of 
the  Scheldt,  and  the  Canal  of  the  Rhone  and  Rhine  in 
France  connects  it  with  the  Rhone  by  the  Saone.  A  canal 
also  connects  it  with  the  Seine.  In  Bavaria  it  communi- 
cates with  the  Danube  by  means  of  the  Main  and  the 
Altmiihl  &  Ludwigs  Canal.  The  navigation  is  rendered 
dangerous  by  waterfalls,  especially  those  of  Schafi'hausen, 
Zurzaoh,  Lauffenburg,  and  llheinfelden  ;  also  by  tho  Binger- 
loch,  near  Bingen,  where  the  stream  becomes  suddenly  nar- 
rowed and  confined  between  lofty  precipices. 

The  Rhine  is  distinguished  alike  by  the  beauty  of  its 
scenery  and  the  rich  fields  and  vineyards  which  clothe  its 
banks.  No  river  in  Germany  attracts  so  many  tourists. 
On  the  river  itself  much  additional  variety  and  beauty  are 
given  to  the  scenery  by  the  recurrence  of  picturesque  and 
verdant  islands  and  of  ruined  castles. Adj.  Rhkn'isii. 

Rhine,  rin,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rhine  township,  Sheboy- 
gan CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Sheboygan  River,  about  21  mi.es  S.W. 
of  Manitowoc.  It  has  a  monument  to  soldiers  who  fell  in 
the  civil  war.  The  township  has  5  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  cheese  and  wagons.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1569. 

Rhinebeck,  rin'bCk,  a  post-village  in  Rhinebeck  town- 
ship, Dutchess  CO.,  N.Y.,  2  miles  E.  of  the  Hudson  River 
and  15  miles  N.  of  Poughkeepsie.    It  contains  5  churches 


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a  national  bank,  the  De  Garmo  Institute,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  manufactures  of  sewing-machines  and  carriages. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1649;  of  the  township,  3367.  Rhinebeck 
Station  on  the  Hudson  River  Ruilroad  is  at  RhinecliflF,  in 
thif  township.  54  miles  S.  of  Albany. 

Khineclitr,  rin'klif,  a  post- village  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Hudson  River,  2  miles  E.  of  Rondout, 
and  15  miles  above  Poughkeepsie.  Hero  is  Rhinebeck 
Station  on  the  Hudson  River  Railroad.  A  steam  ferry  con- 
nects it  with  Rondout.  RhinecliflF  is  the  terminus  of  the 
Rhinebeck  <t  Connecticut  Railroad,  the  machine-shop  of 
which  is  located  here,  and  it  is  connected  with  Kingston  by 
a  steam  ferry-boat.     Pop.  about  600. 

Rhincland)  rin'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri  River,  6  miles  above  Hermann. 

Rhine  Province,  Prussia.     See  Rhenish  Prus.sia. 

Uliinns  (rinz),  Rhyns,  or  Rinns  of  Gai'Ioway 
(anc.  Cliersone'sits  Novan'tnm),  a  peninsula  of  the  S.W. 
coast  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Wigtown,  mostly  separated  from 
the  rest  of  the  county  by  Loch  Ryan  and  Luce  Bay. 
Length,  28  miles;  breadth,  from  2  to  5  miles.  Area,  116 
(square  miles. 

Rhinocolura,  the  ancient  name  of  El-Akeesh. 

Rhio,  Rio,  ree'o,  or  Riouw,  re-6w*',  a  province  of 
the  Dutch  possessions  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  comprises 
the  Rhio  Archipelago  and  Lingen  Island.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  the  Straits  of  Singapore  and  Malacca,  and  on 
the  E.  by  the  China  Sea.     Pop.  63,540. 

Rhio,  Rio,  or  Riouw,  an  island  group  of  the  Malay 
Archipelago,  in  the  Dutch  possessions,  lying  chiefly  S.  and 
E.  of  Singapore.  The  chief  island  is  Bingtang,  sometimes 
also  called  Rhio,  besides  which  the  group  includes  Galang, 
Garapang,  and  Battam,  and  numerous  smaller  islands. 

Rhio,  Rio,  or  Riouw,  a  seaport  town  of  the  Malay 
Archipelago,  50  miles  S.E.  of  Singapore,  on  the  small  islet 
of  Rhio  or  Poolo  Pinang,  which  lies  in  an  indentation  on  the 
S.  side  of  Bingtang.  It  is  defended  by  a  fort,  and  has  the 
governor's  house,  a  stone  church,  and  a  school.  Its  haven 
is  spacious  and  well  frequented. 

Rhiwabon,  a  town  of  Wales.     See  Ruabon. 

Rho,  or  Ro,  a  town  of  Italy,  8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Milan. 
Pop.  2000. 

Rhoadesville,  rodz'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co., 
Va.,  on  the  Potomac,  Fredericksburg  &  Piedmont  Railroad. 
It  has  2  stores  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Rhoda,  or  Rhodope.    See  Rosas. 

Rhodanus,  an  ancient  name  of  the  Rhoxe. 

Rhodda,  rod'di,  or  Rodda,  an  island  of  Egypt,  in 
the  Nile,  immediately  opposite  Cairo,  2  miles  in  length.  It 
contains  the  Khedive's  gardens,  pleasure-grounds,  a  powder- 
magazine,  and  the  famous  ancient  Nilcmeter. 

Rhode  Hall,  a  hamlet  of  Middlesex  co.,  N.J.,  2  miles 
from  Jamesburg. 

Rhode  Island,  rod  i'land,  one  of  the  New  England 
States,  and  one  of  the  original  thirteen  members  of  the  Amer- 
ican Union,  bounded  on  the  N.  and  E.  by  Massachusetts,  S. 
by  the  Atlantic,  and  W.  by  Connecticut.  Its  coast-line  is 
deeply  indented  by  Narragansett  Bay,  which  receives  the 
estuaries  of  the  Taunton  and  Providence  Rivers.  Within 
the  bay  lie  Aquidneck  or  Rhode  Island  (which  gives  name 
to  the  state),  Canonicut,  Prudence,  Patience,  Hope,  Perry, 
Dutch,  and  other  islands ;  and  off  the  coast  lies  Block 
Island,  which  constitutes  the  town  of  New  Shoreham.  The 
total  area  of  the  state  is  1250  square  miles,  of  which  1085 
square  miles  constitutes  the  land  and  165  the  water  area; 
and  it  is  therefore  the  smallest  state  in  the  Union. 

Face  of  the  Couiitri/. — The  country  is  very  generally 
rough,  hilly,  and  siony,  especially  in  the  N.W. ;  but  to- 
wards the  sea-shore  there  are  some  level  pine  plains  and 
cedar  swamps.  Strictly  speaking,  there  are  no  mountains 
in  the  state.  The  isl.and  of  Aquidneck  is  for  the  most  part 
very  fertile,  and  has  been  called  "  the  Eden  of  America." 
Block  Island  is  also  very  productive, 

Rivera,  &c. — The  so-called  Providence  River  is  an  arm 
of  Narragansett  Bay,  and  is  also  an  estuary  for  the  waters 
of  the  Blackstono,  Pawtucket,  or  Seekonk  River,  which  is 
navigable  to  Pawtucket,  large  vessels  coming  up  to  Provi- 
dence, where  the  AVoonasquatucket  and  Mooshassuck  dis- 
charge their  waters.  Mount  Hope  Bay  is  the  eastern  arm 
of  the  Narragansett,  and  the  estuary  of  the  Taunton  River. 
'Ihe  Pawtuxet,  Pawcatuck,  Wood,  and  nearly  all  the  other 
rivers  afford  water-power,  which  is  extensively  utilized. 

Geoliigij,  Minerals,  drc. — The  great  part  of  the  state  is 
underlaid  by  Laurentian  or  eozoic  rocks ;  but  the  island 
of  Aquidneck,  and  a  strip  reaching  northward  and  north- 
eastward far  into  Massachusetts,  are  of  carboniferous  age, 
aad  in  the  extreme  N.  there  is  a  small  area  doubtfully  re- 


ferred to  the  Devonian.  The  limits  of  the  carboniferous 
are  hard  to  determine,  for  they  are  very  generally  buried 
deeply  in  the  drift.  There  are  thick  local  developments  of 
the  coal,  which  is  a  very  hard  and  much  metamorphosed 
anthracite  or  semi-graphite.  At  Cumberland  it  has  been 
found  to  be  from  15  to  23  feet  thick;  at  Valley  Falls,  6  to 
9  feet ;  at  Providence,  10  feet ;  and  on  the  island  of  Aquid- 
neck, from  2  to  20  feet ;  but  the  coal  is  difficult  to  burn,  and 
the  beds  are  irregular  and  unreliable.  This  coal  has  been 
mined  at  Portsmouth,  Cumberland,  and  Valley  Falls.  At 
present  its  chief  employment  is  as  a  facing  material  for 
iron-moulders'  use,  and  as  a  fuel  in  copper-smelting.  For 
these  purposes  it  is  highly  prized.  At  Westerly  there  aro 
extensive  granite-quarries.  At  Lime  Rock  lime  is  quarried 
and  burned.  Rhode  Island  is  an  interesting  field  for  the 
scientific  mineralogist.  Iron  ores  have  been  found  at  sev- 
eral points,  and  some  ores  of  copper,  with  small  amounts 
of  native  copper.  On  the  islands  are  highly  metamorphio 
slates  or  shales. 

Objects  of  Interest  to  Tourists. — Newport,  Rocky  Point, 
Wickford,  Narragansett  Pier,  Vue  de  I'Eau,  Nayatt,  Watch 
Hill,  and  Block  Island  are  favorite  places  of  summer  resort. 
At  Kingston  are  the  remains  of  an  aboriginal  stone  fort, 
and  scanty  relics  of  Indian  earthworks  remain  near  Wor- 
den's  Pond,  on  the  site  of  the  "  great  swamp  fight"  of  1675, 
when  the  Narragansett  tribe  was  destroyed.  At  Newport 
stands  the  "  old  mill,"  a  stone  tower,  concerning  the  origin 
of  which  there  has  been  much  dispute. 

Agriculture. — The  soil  of  Aquidneck  Island  is  mostly  ex- 
cellent, and  its  butter  is  in  high  repute.  Before  the  Revolu- 
tion the  island  had  a  famous  breed  of  pacing  horses,  which 
were  largely  exported  to  the  West  Indies.  The  large  num- 
ber of  manufacturing  towns  has  rendered  market  gardening, 
dairying,  and  milk-farming  profitable  employments.  Most 
of  the  soil  is  better  adapted  for  grazing  than  for  tillage. 
Oats,  maize,  potatoes,  and  hay  are  the  leading  farm  crops. 

Maritime  Pursuits. — Providence  had  once  a  great  West 
India  and  China  trade,  and  Newport  was  in  colonial  times 
a  seat  of  the  African  slave-trade.  But  for  many  years  the 
foreign  commerce  of  the  state  has  been  comparatively  un- 
important, and  in  its  stead  has  grown  up  a  heavy  coasting 
business.  Providence  receives  great  amounts  of  coal  and 
cotton  for  the  neighboring  states,  as  well  as  for  the  homo 
supply,  and  ships  heavily  the  manufactifred  goods  of 
New  England.  Much  merchandise  is  landed  and  shipped 
here  for  the  Boston  trade.  Providence,  Newport,  Bristol, 
and  Warren  have  good  harbors.  The  fisheries  employ  a 
large  number  of  vessels  of  light  tonnage,  chiefly  in  taking 
fresh  fish  (cod,  haddock,  blue-fish,  Ac.)  for  the  New  York 
market.  The  scup,  or  porgy,  is  largely  taken  in  Narragan- 
sett Bay,  as  well  as  the  shad  and  alewife,  or  river-herring. 
Menhaden  are  extensively  caught  for  making  oil  and  fish 
guano.  The  clams  of  Narragansett  Bay  are  renowned  ;  and 
in  Providence  River  oyster-planting  is  an  important  pursuit. 
The  dried  codfish  of  Block  Island  is  in  high  repute. 

Manufactures  constitute  by  fivr  the  leading  industrial 
pursuits  of  Rhode  Island.  Providence  has  extensive  manu- 
factures of  machinery,  steam-engines,  screws,  nails,  jewelry, 
silver-  and  plated-wares,  cigars,  furniture,  wire  goods,  tor- 
toise-shell goods,  cottons,  woollens,  stoves,  prints,  small 
wares,  and  chemicals,  and  is  the  leading  market  for  print- 
cloths  in  the  United  States.  Pawtucket  has  equally  varied 
industries,  and  the  whole  region  is  thickly  dotted  with 
manufacturing  villages;  so  that  this  state,  so  small  in  area, 
ranks  among  the  first  in  the  value  of  her  manufactured 
products.  In  the  printing  of  cotton  and  woollen  goods 
she  excels  all  the  other  states. 

llailroads. — In  1850  the  railroads  measured  68  miles ;  iii 
1860,  108  miles;  in  1870,  136  miles;  in  1875,  179  miles;  in 
1880  and  1885,  210  miles,  and  in  1890,  224  miles. 

The  Counties  are  Bristol,  Kent,  Providence,  Newport,  and 
Washington. 

The  principal  cities  and  towns  are  Providence,  one  of  the 
state  capitals,  and  the  second  city  in  size  in  New  England 
(pop.  in  1890,  132,146),  Pawtucket  (27,663),  Newport,  the 
other  state  capital  (19,457),  and  WooBSocket  (20,830).  Th« 
other  leading  places  are  large  townships,  and  in  some  in- 
stances embrace  many  villages.  Such  are  Lincoln  (20,355), 
Warwick  (17,761),  Johnston  (9778),  East  Providence  (8422), 
Cranston  (S099),  Cumberland  (8090),  Westerly  (6813),  Bur- 
rilville  (5492),  Bristol  (5478),  and  Coventry  (5068). 

Government,  &e. — Up  to  1843  the  state  government  was 
based  upon  the  colonial  charter  of  1663,  which  was  granted 
by  Charles  II. ;  but  in  the  former  year  the  present  state 
constitution  came  into  force.  The  governor  is  chosen  an» 
nually  by  a  majority  of  votes;  or,  if  that  fails,  by  the  legis- 
lature^ which  is  called  the  general  assembly,  and  consists 


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of  a  senate  of  36  and  a  houso  of,rrpre8CDtntivo«  of  72  mcm- 
burs.  Judge*  are  elected  by  this  assembly.  Prior  to  1888 
naturalised  oitiscns  were  required  to  have  a  property  quali- 
fication before  being  entitled  to  vote,  but  in  that  year  this 
restriction  was  rescinded  by  an  auiendment  to  the  Consti- 
tution. The  state  sends  two  membeni  to  the  lower  bouse 
of  Congress.  There  is  a  state  prison  at  Providence,  and  on 
the  state  farm  at  Cranston  are  a  houso  uf  oorrectiun,  work- 
house, almshouse,  and  an  asylum  for  the  inourablo  insane. 
Providence  is  the  seat  of  Butler  Hospital  fur  the  Insane,  of 
a  reform  school,  and  of  Dexter  Asylum  for  Paupers. 

Eductttioii. — The  present  system  of  public  free  schools  is 
an  effbotivo  one.  The  schools  arc  supported  by  ^tute,  town, 
district,  and  other  taxes.  There  are  a  state  board  of  educa- 
tion, a  commissioner  of  public  schools,  and  city  and  town  su- 
perintendents. The  cities  and  most  of  the  populous  villages 
nave  graded  schools,  and  several  have  free  high  schools. 
There  are  also  several  academies,  seminaries,  and  private 
schools  of  high  grade,  and  the  Itouian  Catholic  parishes 
generally  support  schools  of  their  own.  Providence  is  the 
seat  of  the  state  normal  school.  Brown  University,  at 
Providence,  is  one  of  the  oldest  colleges  in  the  country,  and 
enjoys  the  benefits  of  the  national  grant  for  the  etitablish- 
inent  of  a  college  of  agriculture  and  the  mcch.inio  arts.  The 
state  agricultural  college  at  Kingston  was  opened  in  1S90. 

Fiuaiices. — In  1890  the  state  debt  (part  of  that  coutriicled 
in  1S61-65  for  warpurposes)  was $1,283,000,  of  which  $'J51,- 
703.95  was  provided  for  by  a  sinking  fund  of  $951,703.95, 
leaving  a  net  debt  of  $331,296.05.  The  total  income  was 
$1,075,963.65,  and  the  expenditures,  $1,169,602.31. 

History. — It  seems  certain  that  the  Icelanders  made  a 
temporary  settlement  on  this  coast  as  early  as  1000  a.d., 
and  that  in  1524  Narragansett  Bay  was  visited  by  Verra- 
tani.  The  region  was  colonized  by  Roger  Williams  in  1636, 
who  settled  at  Providence;  by  William  CoJdington  and 
others,  who  settled  at  Newport  and  Portsmouth  in  1638; 
and  by  followers  of  John  Green  and  Samuel  Gorton,  who 
cstabli-shcd  themselves  at  Warwick  in  1613,  in  which  year 
Roger  Williams  obtained  a  patent  for  the  united  govern- 
ment, which,  however,  ho  was  unable  to  establish  before 
1647.  The  royal  charter  was  issued  in  1663.  It  is  believed 
that  the  government  of  Rhode  Island  was  the  earliest  one 
in  existence  which  permitted  complete  freedom  of  conscience 
in  religious  matters.  The  early  settlors  were  mainly  refu- 
gees from  the  ecclesiastical  tyranny  which  prevailed  in 
Massachusetts.  In  the  great  Narragansett  war,  which  ter- 
minated in  1676,  Rhode  Island  took  no  part,  although  she 
suffered  severely  from  it.  Newport  early  became  a  com- 
mercial town  of  great  wealth  and  refinement.  During  the 
Revolution  the  state  took  an  active  part  in  the  war  for  in- 
dependence, bearing  her  full  share  of  hardships  by  land 
and  sea.  Rhode  Island  did  not  ratify  the  federal  constitu- 
tion until  1790,  she  being  the  last  of  the  original  13  states 
to  accede  to  it.  In  1790  the  first  successful  cotton-mill  in 
the  country  was  established  at  Pawtucket  by  Samuel  Slater. 
In  1842  the  Dorr  rebellion  took  place,  the  old  charter,  which 
had  served  so  long  instead  of  a  constitution,  not  being  well 
adapted  to  the  needs  of  the  times.  Mr.  T.  AV.  Dorr  was 
chosen  governor  under  an  irregularly  framed  constitution, 
and  the  friends  of  the  new  movement  had  to  bo  twice  dis- 
persed by  the  military;  and  in  1844  Dorr  was  convicted  of 
nigh  treason  and  sentenced  to  prison  for  life ;  but  he  was 
afterwards  restored  to  full  civil  rights.  In  1801  the  east- 
ern boundary  of  the  state  was  readjusted,  the  state  acquiring 
some  enlargement  of  area  but  losing  in  population  by  it. 
The  northern  limit  of  the  state  has  not  yet  been  exactly 
settled.  In  the  war  of  1861-65  the  state  bore  her  part  on 
the  national  side  with  faithfulness  and  enthusiasm. 

Population. — In  1730  the  pop.  was  17,935;  in  1755, 
40,414;  in  1770,  59,678;  in  1790,  68,825;  in  1800,  69,122; 
in  1810,  76,931 ;  in  1820,  83,059;  in  1820,  97,199;  in  1840, 
108,830;  in  1850,  147,545;  in  1860,  174,620;  in  1870, 
217,353;  in  1880,  276,531 ;  in  1890,  345,506.  Rhode  Island 
■was  for  many  years,  and  is  at  present,  the  most  densely 
peopled  state  in  the  Union,  but  since  1840  it  has,  according 
to  the  returns  of  the  United  States  census,  been  at  times 
slightly  exceeded  in  this  respect  by  Massachusetts. 

Ittioden^  ro'd^n,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Waldeck,  24 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Cassel.     Pop.  1566. 

Ithodeu,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Rodex. 

Rhode  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anne  Arundel  co., 
Md.,  near  Chesapeake  Bay,  10  miles  from  Camp  Parole.  It 
has  a  church. 

Rhodes,  rodz  (Fr.  Rhodet,  rod;  Ger.  Rhodos,  ro'dos; 
It.  Jiodi,  ro'dee ;  Sp.  Rodas,  ro'dis ;  L.  Jiho'dua ;  Gr. 
•PoJo«,  Rhoddn),  an  island  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  in  the  Medi- 
terranean, off  the  S.W.  coast  of  Asia  Minor,  between  lat. 


85<»  53'  and  36°  28'  N.  and  Ion.  27"  40'  and  28°  12'  E. 
Length,  46  miles;  greatest  breadth,  18  miles.    A  run,  420 
square  miles.     Pop.  estimated  at  35,000,  of  whom  about 
8000  arc  Turks,  3000  Jews,  and  the  remainder  Greeks,  with 
a  few  Franks.     It  is  traversed  by  a  mountain-chain,  cov- 
ered with  forests,  which  have  long  supplied  good  timber 
for  ship-building.    Its  valleys  are  well  watered  and  highly 
fertile.     The  principal  exports  are  wax,  honey,  figs,  coral, 
sponges,   oranges,    lemons,    pomegranates,    wine,    vuloni- 
onions,  and  manufactured  silk;  in  addition  to  which  ti 
her,  shoes,  and  rod  leather  arc  among  its  products.     I 
principal  imports  arc  colonial  produce,  cottons,  wooll 
iron,  nails,  sliot,  tin,  paper,  soap,  salt  fish,  conlaj^c,  ;; 
and   earthenwares,   hardware   and   cutlery,   French   liu.  j 
articles,  coals  from  England,  horses,  mules,  cattle,  sheep, 

poultry,  hides,  skins,  wool,  carpets,  and  corn. Adj.  and 

luhab.  RiiODiA.N,  ro'do-an. 

Rhodes,  a  city  and  seaport  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  capital 
of  the  island  of  Rhodes,  at  its  N.E.  extremity,  13  miles 
S.E.  of  the  nearest  promontory  of  Asia  Minor.  Lot.  of 
mole,  36°  26'  9"  N. ;  Ion.  28°  13'  E.  Pop.  20,000.  It  is 
enclosed  by  walls  built  by  the  Knights  of  St.  John,  and  on 
the  land  side  it  is  strengthened  by  ravelins  and  a  moat. 
On  the  N.E.  side  two  piers  project  to  enclose  a  harbor,  and 
on  its  N.  side  is  another  port.  The  city  has  many  inosquos, 
a  Jews'  quarter  and  several  synagogues,  the  ancient  hos- 
piUvl  of  the  knights,  an  armory,  and  upwards  of  10,000 
houses,  many  of  which  are  untenanted.  Outside  of  the 
walls,  on  the  N.,are  the  pasha's  palace,  the  dock -yard,  ond 
a  Roman  Catholic  quarter,  with  a  chapel  and  school.  South 
of  the  city  are  the  Greek  suburbs,  with  about  3000  inhab- 
itants and  9  or  10  churches.  On  the  adjacent  heights  are 
many  scattered  villas.  Rhodes  has  3  Mohammedan  eoU 
leges,  a  Turkish  library,  various  Turkish  and  Greek  schools, 
ond  some  brisk  manufactures  of  red  leather  and  shoes  for 
exportation.  In  antiquity  it  was  one  of  the  most  celebrated 
of  Greek  cities,  and  boasted  of  the  famous  brazen  Colos- 
sus,— one  of  the  seven  wonders  of  the  world, — which  stood 
at  the  entrance  of  its  harbor.  After  the  destruction  of  its 
republic  it  belonged  successively  to  the  Romans,  the  Greek 
emperors,  the  Genoese,  and  the  Knights  of  St.  John  of 
Jerusalem,  which  last  held  it  from  1308  to  1522,  when,  after 
a  heroic  resistance,  it  capitulated  to  the  Turks  under  Soly- 
man  the  Magnificent. 

Rliodcs,  In.nek  and  Outer.     See  Appenzeli.. 

Rhodes,  a  post-office  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas.      < 

Rhodez,  a  town  of  France.     See  Rodez. 

Rhodopc  Mountains.   SecDESPoro  Dagf. 

Rhodosto,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Ronosio. 

Rhon,  ron,  or  Rhon-Gcbirge,  ron-ga-bcfu'c^,  * 
mountain-chain  of  Central  Germany,  in  Northwest  Bavaria 
and  Ilessc-Nassau,  separates  the  valleys  of  the  Fulda  and 
Werra  from  those  of  the  Kinzig  and  Main.  In  it  are  the 
traces  of  many  extinct  volcanoes. 

Rhou,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Rnoox. 

Rhone,  ron  (Fr.  Rh6ne,  ron;  Ger.  Rhone,  ro'n?h ;  It. 
and  Sp.  Rodano,  ro'di-no;  anc.  Rho'daiiim),  a  large  river 
of  Europe,  rises  in  Switzerland,  in  the  Rhone  Glacier,  W. 
of  Mount  St.  Gothard,  between  the  mountains  of  Furca  and 
Grimsel,  flows  S.W.  past  Brieg  and  Sion  to  Martigny, 
where  it  turns  sharply  to  the  N.W.,  and  enters  the  Lake 
of  Geneva  near  its  S.E.  extremitj'.  At  Geneva  it  leaves 
the  S.W.  part  of  the  lake.  It  enters  France  through  the 
Jura  Mountains,  and  flows  S.  past  Seyssel,  where  it  be- 
comes navigable.  Its  course  is  now  tortuously  W.  to 
Lyons,  where  it  receives  the  Sa6ne,  and  it  then  flows  nearly 
due  S.,  past  Saint-Genis- Laval,  Vienne,  Tournon,  Valence, 
Avignon,  and  Beaucaire,  to  Aries,  where  it  separates  intc 
several  branches,  forming  a  delta  called  La  Camargue,  and 
enters  the  Gulf  of  Lyons,  in  the  Mediterranean.  Principal 
affluents,  on  the  right,  the  Ain,  Soone,  Ardcelio,  and  Gard; 
on  the  left,  the  Isere,  Drome,  and  Durance.  Its  fall  is  much 
greater  than  that  of  the  Rhine,  and  consequently  its  navi- 
gation is  difficult.  It  is  connected  with  the  Loire  by  meant 
of  the  Saone  and  the  Canal  du  Centre.  The  Canal  of  Bur- 
gundy unites  it  to  the  Yonnc  and  Seine,  and  that  of  the 
Rhone  and  Rhine  connects  it  with  the  Rhine.  Distance 
from  source  to  mouth,  285  miles;  following  windings,  550 
miles;  extent  of  basin,  30,000  square  miles.  About  2i)0 
miles  of  its  course  is  in  Switzerland,  and  350  miles  in 
France.     It  is  navigable  about  360  miles. 

Rhone,  a  department  of  France,  in  the  S.E.,  formed  of 
the  old  province  of  Lyonnois,  bounded  E.  by  the  Rhone 
and  the  Sadne.  Area,  1066  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1891, 
806,737.  It  is  partly  covered  by  the  mountains  uniting 
the  Vosges  and  Cfivenncs,  and  contains  the  summits  of 
Mont  d'Or  and  Pilate.    The  soil  is  rich  in  mines  of  copper, 


RHO 


2271 


RIC 


Iron,  and  coal.  It  produces  excellent  wine,  and  the  goat- 
milk  cheoso  of  Mont  d'Or  is  in  high  repute.  The  silks  of 
Lyons  are  sent  to  all  parts  of  the  world,  and  immense 
quantities  of  muslins  are  manufactured  at  Tarare.  The 
other  branches  of  industry  comprise  cotton-  and  linen-spin- 
nin"  and  weaving,  hat-making,  and  the  manufacture  of 
glass  and  paper.  The  department  is  divided  into  the  arron- 
dissemcnts  of  Lj'ons  (the  capital)  and  Villefranche. 

Rhone,  llouches  du.    See  Bocchks-du-Rhoxe. 

Illioon,  ron,  written  also  Rhon,  a  village  of  the 
JJctherlands,  in  South  Holland,  15  miles  AV.N.W,  of  Dort. 

Rhotas,  ro'tls,  or  Rotas- Ghur,  ro'tls-giir,  written 
also  Rohatas  and  Rotas- Gur,  a  town  of  Bengal,  110 
miles  S.E.  of  Patna,  with  some  Hindoo  temples  and  many 
Mohammedan  remains.     It  is  now  chiefly  in  ruins. 

Rhuddlan,  or  Rhyddlan,  h'riTH'lan,  a  borough  of 
Wales,  CO.  of  Flint,  in  the  Vale  of  Clwyd,  3  miles  by  rail_ 
N.N.W.  of  St.  Asaph,  It  has  remains  of  a  noble  castle.' 
Edward  I.  made  the  town  a  borough,  and  held  in  it  the 
parliament  of  1283.  It  unites  with  Flint,  St.  Asaph,  Ac, 
in  sending  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.  The 
town  is  much  decayed. 

Rhugiaii,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Ragian. 

Rhua,  run,  or  Poo'lo  Rhnn,  one  of  the  Molucca 
Islands,  in  the  Banda  group,  11  miles  W.  of  Great  Banda. 

Rhiithyn,  a  town  of  Wales.    See  Ruthin. 

Rhyd-y-Boith'an,  a  hamlet  of  Wales,  co.  of  Gla- 
morgan, W.  of  Caerphilly.     Pop.  2350. 

Rhyl)  ril,  a  town  and  watering-place  of  Wales,  co.  of 
Flint,  on  the  sea,  at  a  railway  junction,  and  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Clwyd,  13  miles  E.N.P].  of  Conway.     Pop.  4229. 

Rhymutpoor,  India.     See  Rehmuti'dou. 

Rhyn,  a  river  of  Europe.    See  Rhine,  and  Rhin. 

Rhyn'dacus,  or  Edrcnos,  6d'ri-nos\  a  river  of 
Asia  Minor,  rises  about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Kutaieh,  flows 
mostly  N.W.,  traverses  Lake  Aboolonia,  and  enters  the  Sea 
of  Marmora  20  miles  W.  of  Moodania.     Length,  150  miles. 

Rhy'olile  Peak,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Front 
Range,  in  lat.  38°  47'  N.,  Ion.  105°  9'  34"  W.  It  has  an 
altitude  of  10,400  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Riad,  re-id',  or  Abruad,  ib-roo-S.d',  a  city  of  Arabia, 
capital  of  Nedjed,  about  450  miles  N.E.  of  Mecca.     Lat. 
I  25°  N. ;  Ion.  46°  30'  E. 

Riajsk,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Riazhsk. 

Ri'nis  Creek,  a  village  of  Simpson  co..  Miss.,  40  miles 
E.  of  Ilazlehurst.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  seminary. 

Rialto,  re-al'to  or  re'al-to,  post-office,  Chatham  co.,  N.C. 

Rians,  re-fixo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Var,  20  miles  N.W. 
of  Brignolle.     Pop.  2210. 

Riaza,  ro-i'thi,  a  river  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  prov- 
ince of  Segovia,  flows  N.N.W.,  and  joins  the  Douro. 

Riaza,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  33  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Segovia,  on  the  river  Riaza,     Pop.  3077. 

Riazan,  or  Riasan,  re-i-zln'  (Ger.  lijaaan,  r'yl- 
«ln'),  a  government  of  Russia,  between  lat.  63°  and  55° 
35'  N.  and  Ion.  38°  and  41°  20'  E.,  enclosed  by  the  gov- 
ernments of  Moscow,  Vladimeer,  Tambov,  and  Toola.  Area, 
!  16,249  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1882,  1,713,581.  The  surface 
[is  generally  level.  The  principal  river,  the  Oka,  divides  it 
into  two  portions,  of  which  the  S.  is  fertile  and  healthy,  the 
N.  low,  marshy,  and  mostly  uncultivated.  The  chief  prod- 
ucts ar«  hops,  tobacco,  garden-produce,  rye,  and  fruits. 
The  manufactures  are  of  glass  and  hardware,  woollen,  cot- 
I  ton,  and  linen  stuffs,  and  cordage.  It  has  numerous  dis- 
tilleries.    Principal  towns,  Riazan,  Skopin,  and  Kasimov. 

Riazan,  or  Riasan,  a  town  of  Russia,  capital  of  the 
above  government,  is  situated  on  the  Trubesh,  a  tributary 
tof  the  Oka,  110  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Moscow.  Pop.  30,375. 
jit  has  a  fortress,  enclosed  by  an  earthen  rampart,  a  cathe- 
fdral,  an  arehiepiscopal  palace,  numerous  churches,  govern- 
jment  offices,  convents,  a  seminary  with  a  public  library, 
(hospital,  college,  school  of  drawing  and  architecture,  and 
{■omo  other  schools  and  charities.  Old  Riazan,  destroyed 
(by  the  Tartars  in  1568,  is  a  village  about  30  miles  S.E. 
I  Riazhsk,  or  Riajsk,  re-izhk',  a  town  of  Russia,  52 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Riazan,  on  the  Rasa.     Pop.  2931. 

Ribadeo,  re-ud-Di'o,  a  town  of  Spain,  19  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Lugo,  on  the  Bay  of  Biscay.     Pop.  2920. 

Kibaflecha,  re-Bi-fld'chd,  or  Ribafrecha,  re-sd- 
jfri'chl,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  province  and  7 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Logrofio,  on  the  Leza.     Pop.  1463, 
I    Uibarroja,  or  Ribarroxa,  re-Ban-Ro'Hi,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Catalonia,  50  miles  AV.  of  Tarragona,  on  the  Ebro. 

Ribarroja,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  12  miles 
N.W.  of  Valencia.     Pop.  2308. 

Ribas,  ree'fiis,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  province 
wd  about  50  miles  from  Gerona.    Pop.  1023. 


Rib'ble,  a  river  of  England,  rises  in  the  W.  part  of  the 
CO.  of  York,  flows  S.  and  W.  through  the  co,  of  Lancaster, 
and  enters  the  Irish  Sea  at  Southport. 

Ribe,  ree'b^h,  orRipen,ree'p?n,  a  town  of  Denmark, 
in  .Jutland,  29  miles  W.N.W.  of  Hadersleben.  Pop.  3684. 
It  is  the  residence  of  a  bishop,  and  has  a  cathedral, 

Ribeanvilie,  ree^boVeeryi',  or  Rabschwer,  rib'- 
shvaiR'  (Ger.  Jtapjmlswetler,  rip'pols-^iM^r),  a  town  of 
Germany,  in  Alsace,  on  the  Strasburg  Railway,  5S  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Schlettstadt.  Pop.  6785.  It  has  manufactures 
of  cotton,  leather,  flour,  and  excellent  wine. 

Ribcira  Brava,  re-bi'e-rS,  bri'vi,  a  seaport  of  the 
Cape  Verd  Islands,  island  of  Brav<a.  Pop.  3600,  Lat. 
14°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  24°  47'  30"  W, 

Ribeira  Grande,  re-bi'e-riV  grin'di,  a  town  on  the 
N.  coast  of  the  island  of  St.  Michael,  in  the  Azores,  15 
miles  N.E.  of  Ponta  Delgada.     Pop.  3200. 

Ribeira  Grande,  Cape  Verd  Islands.   See  Santiago. 

RibeirSo,  or  SAo  Jos6  do  Ribeir^lo,  sHww  zho- 
zi'  do  re-bi-rowN"',  a  village  of  Brazil,  in  Matto-Grosso,  24 
miles  below  the  junction  of  the  Guapore  and  Mamore. 

Ribeirtio,  re-bi-rdwN<>',  or  Sapo  do  Ribciri&o, 
si'po  do  re-bi-rowN"',  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Santa 
Catharina,  8  miles  S.  of  Desterro.     Pop.  2000. 

Ribemont,  ree'b§h-m6N°',  a  town  of  France,  in  Aisne, 
near  the  Oise,  17  miles  N.N.W.  of  Laon.     Pop.  2547. 

Ribera,  re-bi'ri,  a  town  of  Sicily,  22  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Girgenti,  on  the  Calata  Bellota.     Pop.  7111. 

Riberac,  ree'b^hVilk',  a  town  of  France,  in  Dordogne, 
near  the  Dronne,  23  miles  W.N.W.  of  Pcrigueux. 

Ribcra  del  Fresno,  re-si'rS,  dfil  frSs'no,  a  village  of 
Spain,  province  of  Badajos,  on  the  Fresno.     Pop.  3644. 

Ribiers,  ree'be-ain',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ilautes- 
Alpes,  26  miles  S.S.W.  of  Gap.     Pop.  1206. 

Ribleh,  rib'l^h  (the  Rth'lah  of  Scripture),  a  village  of 
Syria,  on  the  Orontes,  S.S.AV.  of  Homs. 

Ribnitz,  rib'nits,  a  town  of  North  Germany,  in  Meck- 
lenburg-Schwerin,  34  miles  N.N.E.  of  GUstrow,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Recknitz,  in  a  bay  of  the  Baltic.  It  has  a 
ship-yard,  manufactures  of  brandy  and  tobacco,  and  a  her- 
ring-fishery.    Pop.  4074. 

Ribordone,  re-boR-do'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
of  Turin.     Pop.  1052. 

Rib  River,  Marathon  co..  Wis.,  runs  southeastward, 
and  enters  the  Wisconsin  River  about  1  mile  below  Wausau. 
It  is  nearly  70  miles  long. 

Ricamarie,  La,  14  ree'ki^mlVee',  a  village  of  France, 
department  of  Loire,  4  miles  from  Saint-Etienne.  It  has 
coal-mines  and  glass-works.     Pop.  3209, 

Ric'carton,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  on  the 
Irvine,  which  separates  it  from  Kilmarnock,  of  which  it  is 
a  suburb.     Pop.  of  parish,  6845. 

Riccia,  rit'chd,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  13  miles 
S.E.  of  Campobasso.  Pop.  8123.  It  has  a  collegiate  and 
many  other  churches. 

Ricco,  rik'ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Genoa,  b 
miles  N.N.AV.  of  La  Spezia.     Pop.  of  commune,  2473. 

Rice,  a  county  of  Kansas,  is  near  the  middle  of  the 
state.  Area,  720  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Arkansas  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Little  Arkansas. 
The  surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  hay,  Ac,  are  the  staple  products.  A  large  portion 
of  this  county  is  prairie.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Atchison, 
Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Railroad,  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad, 
and  the  St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  Railroad.  Capital, 
Lyons.     Pop.  in  1870,  5;  in  1880,  9292;  in  1890,  14,451. 

Rice,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Minnesota,  has  an 
area  of  about  505  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Cannon  River,  and  also  drained  by  Straight  River  and  one 
of  the  branches  of  the  Zumbro.  The  surface  is  undulating, 
and  is  diversified  by  numerous  beautiful  little  lakes.  Nearly 
one-third  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  sugar-maple, 
ash,  elm,  oak,  Ac.  The  soil  is  calcareous  and  very  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  bay,  cattle,  and  butter  are  the 
staple  products.  Silurian  limestone  is  found  in  this  county, 
which  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul 
Railroad  and  other  railroads.  Capital,  Faribault.  Pop.  ia 
1870,  16,083;  in  1880,  22,481;  in  1890,  23,968. 

Rice,  a  township  of  Jo  Daviess  co..  111.     Pop.  570. 

Rice,  a  township  of  Ringgold  co.,  Iowa.     Pop,  422. 

Rice,  a  post-office  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas. 

Rice,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co.,  0. 

Rice,  a  township  of  Sandusky  co.,  0.     Pop.  927. 

Rice,  a  post-hamlet  of  Navarro  eo.,  Tex.,  on  the  Hous- 
ton A  Texas  Central  Railroad,  43  miles  S.S.E,  of  Dallas,  It 
has  a  church, 

Riceborough,  riss'bQr-rJih,  a  post-village  of  Libertj 


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00.,  Ga.,  on  tho  navigable  North  Newport  River,  40  miles 
S.W.  of  Savannah. 

Riceburg,  rios'biirg,  a  post-village  in  Missisquoi  co., 
Queboo,  on  Pike  llivor,  3  miloa  N.B.  of  Bedford.    It  eon- 
t»ina  an  iron-foundry.     Pup.  200. 
°   Rice  City,  a  township  of  Meeker  oo.,  Minn.  Pop.  359. 

Rice  City,  a  hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  R.I.,  in  Coventry 
township,  1  mile  from  Greene  Station.     It  has  a  churoh. 

Itice  Creek,  Michigan,  flows  into  the  Kalamazoo  at 
Marshall,  in  Calhoun  oo. 

Rice  Creek,  South  Carolina,  enters  the  Wateroe  River 
from  tho  right  in  Kershaw  co.,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Camden. 

Rice  Creek,  a  station  on  the  Lake  Superior  and  Mis- 
sissippi Railroad,  20}  miles  N.  of  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

Rice  Depot,  a  post-hamlct  of  Prince  Kdward  co., 
Va.,  on  tho  Atlantic,  Mississippi  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  60  miles 
W.  of  Petersburg. 

Rice'tield,  a  station  of  the  Central  Railroad  of  New 
Jersey  (South  Branch),  3  miles  S.  of  Somervillo,  N.J. 
,  Rice'ford,  a  post-village  of  Houston  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Spring  Grove  township,  about  30  miles  S.  of  Winona.     It 
has  a  church. 

'  Rice  Hill,  a  station  in  Douglas  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Oregon  &  California  Railroad,  27  miles  N.  of  Roscburg. 

Rice  Lake,  Minnesota,  is  on  the  E.  border  of  Polk 
<Jo.,  and  is  8  miles  long.     Its  outlet  is  tho  Wild  Rice  River. 

Rice  Lake,  in  Northumberland  co.,  Ontario,  is  25 
ihiles  long  and  4  or  5  miles  wide.  It  lies  about  1 5  miles 
from  the  shore  of  Lake  Ontario,  and  receives  from  the  N. 
tho  river  Otonabee,  flowing  from  a  chain  of  lakes.  It  dis- 
charges its  waters  by  the  Trent  into  the  Bay  of  Quinte. 

'  Rice  Lake,  a  post-hamlot  of  Dodge  co.,  Minn.,  on  a 
small  lake  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Faribault.     Pop.  51. 
■Rice  Lake,  a  township  of  St.  Louis  co.,  Minn.     P.  84. 

Rice  Lake,  a  post- village  in  Stanfold  township,  Barron 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Red  Cedar  River,  about  48  miles  N.  of 
Menomonee.  It  is  on  a  small  lake  of  the  same  name.  It 
has,  a  newspaper  office  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Rice  Lake,  a  township  of  Barron  co.,  Wis.  Pop.  206. 
■*  RiceMaud,  a  township  of  Freeborn  co.,  Minn.    P.  800. 

Rice's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benton  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Western  Railroad  of  Minnesota,  89  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Paul. 
It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  store. 

Rice'is  Cross'ing,  a  station  of  the  Boston  &  Albany 
Railroad,  12  miles  W.  of  Boston,  Mass. 

Rice's  Crossing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Williamson  co., 
Tex.,  5  miles  from  Taylorville.  It  has  a  church. 
■  Rice's  Land'ing,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co..  Pa., 
on  tho  W.  bank  of  the  Monongahela  River,  about  40  miles  S. 
of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a  church,  2  hotels,  and  4  stores.  Much 
farm-produce  is  shipped  hero.     Pop.  about  400. 

Rice's  Point,  St.  Louis  co.,  Minn.,  is  on  St.  Louis 
Bay,  and  on  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  1  mile  S.W.  of 
Duluth.  It  is  a  part  of  Duluth.  The  machine-shop  and 
round-house  of  the  railroad  are  located  here. 

.  Rice'ville,  a  post-village  of  Mitchell  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
West  Branch  of  tho  Wapsipinicon  River,  about  22  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  Charles  City.  It  is  partly  in  Howard  co.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  mill. 

Riceviile,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co.,  Miss.,  about 
70  miles  N.N.E.  of  New  Orleans. 

Riceviile,  a   village  in  Middletown  township,  Mon- 
mouth CO.,  N.J.,  in  a  beautiful  valley,  about  3  miles  from 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  5  miles  N.  of  Red  Bank.    It  has 
several  churches  and  stores. 
•  Riceviile,  a  post-office  of  Buncombe  co.,  N.C. 

Riceviile,  a  post-borough  in  Bloomfield  township, 
Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  on  Oil  Creek,  and  on  tho  Pittsburg, 
Titusville  &  Buffalo  Railroad,  14  miles  N.N.W.  of  Titus- 
ville,  and  21  miles  E.  of  Meadville.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
graded  school,  a  foundry,  a  cheese-factory,  and  manufac- 
tures of  carriages,  lumber,  chairs,  sash,  <tc.  Pop.  301. 
'  Riceviile,  a  post-village  of  McMinn  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad,  49  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Chattanooga.  It  has  a  masonic  institute,  4 
churches,  and  2  wagon-shops.     Pop.  about  450. 

Riceviile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va.,  about 
22  miles  N.E.  of  Danville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Riceviile,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Wis.,  on  the 
Chicago  <k  Northwestern  Railroad. 

Riceviile,  a  post-village  in  Prescott  co.,  Ontario,  29 
miles  from  Alexandria.     Pop.  100. 

Riceys,  Les,  villages  of  France.    See  Les  Riceys. 

Rich,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Utah,  borders  on 
Idaho.  Area,  980  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Bear 
River,  and  also  drained  by  Big  Creek  and  other  small 
streaio^    The  surface  is  hilly  or  mountainous.    The  soil 


produces  wheat,  barley,  oats,  and  grass.  Caj)itiil,  Uandolph. 
Pop.  in  1870,  1955;  in  1880,  1263;  in  1890,  1527. 

Rich,  a  township  of  Cook  co.,  111.  Pup.  1539.  It  eon- 
tains  Richtun  and  Mattison. 

Rich,  a  township  of  Union  co..  111.    Pop.  1432. 

Rich,  a  post-township  of  Anderson  oo.,  Kansas,  about 
10  miles  S.  df  Garnett.     Pop.  1139. 

Rich,  a  township  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  881. 

Rich'ardson,  the  most  southeastern  county  uf  Ne- 
braska, borders  on  Kansas.  Area,  about  515  square  mili-a. 
It  is  iiounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Missouri  River,  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Big  Nemaha  River,  and  also  drained  by  tbu 
South  Fork  of  the  Nemaha  and  by  Muddy  Creek.  It  bus 
an  abundance  of  pure  water.  The  surface  is  undulutin);, 
and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  woodlands.  The  soil  is 
deep  and  very  fertile.  Among  the  forest  trees  are  the  null, 
hickory,  oak,  elm,  and  black  walnut.  Indian  corn,  wheal, 
oats,  hay,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  producu.  Good 
limestone,  covered  in  many  places  with  a  thick  deposit  of 
silicious  marl,  underlies  a.  large  part  of  tho  suii.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River 
Railroad  and  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  both  of  which 
connect  with  Falls  City,  tho  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  9780; 
in  1876,  11,327;  in  1880,  15,0;U;  in  1890,  17,574. 

Richardson,  a  post-office  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  about  12 
miles  W.  of  South  Bend. 

Richardson,  a  post-office  of  Dallas  co.,  Tex.,  on  tho 
Houston  &  Texas  Central  Railroad,  12^  miles  N.N.E.  uf 
Dallas. 

Richardson's,  a  station  in  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  on  tho 
Western  Maryland  Railroad,  4  miles  AV.  of  Westminster. 

Richardson's  Corners,  Ontario.    See  Edgar. 

Richardson's  Creek,  North  Carolina,  rises  in  Union 
CO.,  runs  N.E.,  and  enters  Rocky  River  in  Anson  co. 

Richardson's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  N.C. 

Richardson's  Land'ing,  a  post-office  of  Meade  co., 
Ky.,  18  miles  N.  of  Elizabethtown. 

Richardson's  Landing,  a  post-hamlet  and  ship- 
ping-point of  Tipton  CO.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Mississippi  Biver, 
about  30  miles  by  land  N.  of  Memphis.  It  has  a  steam 
saw-mill  and  a  grist-mill. 

Richardson's  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Tenn., 
9  miles  S.E.  of  Smithville.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw- 
mill.    Here  is  Catlen's  Mills  Post-Office. 

Richardson's  River,  British'North  America,  enters 
Back's  Inlet,  in  the  Arctic  Ocean,  in  Ion.  115°  56'  W. 

Rich'ardsonville,  a  post-h.amlct  of  Edgefield  co., 
S.C,  about  54  miles  W.  of  Columbia. 

Rich'ardsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Ky.,  8 
miles  N.  of  Bowling  Green.    It  has  a  church. 

Richardsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Pa.,  S 
miles  N.E.  of  Brookville,  and  about  44  miles  E.S.E.  of  Titus- 
ville. It  has  3  churches,  several  stores,  and  a  grist-milL 
Pop.  about  250. 

Richardsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Culpeper  co.,  Va., 
about  70  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Richmond.     It  has  2  churches. 

Richard  Toll,  ree'shiR'  tol,  a  town  of  Senegambia, 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Senegal,  50  miles  N.E.  of  St 
Louis.     It  belongs  to  France.     Pop.  in  1875,  7887. 

Rich  Bar,  a  township  of  Plumas  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  200. 

Rich'borough,  a  decayed  village  of  England,  in 
Kent,  on  the  Stour,  2  miles  N.N.W.  of  Sandwich. 

Richborough,  Bucks  co.,  Pa.    See  Addisville. 

Rich'burg,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Wirt  township,  32  miles  S.W.  of  Hornellsville.  It  contains 
2  churches  and  a  manufactory  of  washing-machines. 

Richburg,  a  post-villago  of  Chester  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
Chester  &  Cheraw  Railroad,  12  miles  E.  of  Chester.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  masonic  hall.     Pop.  about  200. 

Rich'by,  or  Brook'ville,  a  post-village  in  Comjiton 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  118  miles  S.E. 
of  Montreal. 

Rich  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Tenn.,  15 
miles  N.E.  of  Lewisburg.    It  has  a  church.    Pop.  about  150. 

Rich  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Logan  co.,  W.  Va. 

Riche,  reesh,  an  island  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  off  the  E. 
end  of  Papua.     Lat.  8°  2'  S. ;  Ion.  147°  57'  E. 

Richelieu,  reesh*§h-lu'  or  reeshMe-uh',  a  town  of 
France,  Indre-et-Loire,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Chinon.   Pop.  2.328. 

Richelieu,  a  county  of  Quebec,  bounded  N.  by  the 
river  St.  Lawrence,  and  W.  by  tho  Richelieu  or  Sorel  River. 
Area,  190  square  miles.     Capital,  Sorel.     Pop.  20,0'18. 

Richelieu,  Chambly,  or  St.  John,  a  river  of  Que- 
bec, leaves  LakoChamplain  at  its  N.  extremity,  and,  after  a 
N.  course  of  80  miles,  enters  the  river  St.  Lawrence  at  Lak« 
St.  Peter.    Near  its  centre  it  expands  into  the  basin  of 


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Charably.  The  Richelieu  forms  an  important  part  of  the 
navi":ition  between  the  St.  Lawrence  and  Hudson  Rivers. 
At  its  mouth  is  the  town  of  Sorel. 

llichelicu  Islands  are  situated  in  Lake  St.  Peter, 
at  tlie  mouth  of  the  Richelieu  River  in  the  St.  Lawrence. 

Riche's  (r^-shaz')  Corners,  post-office,  Sauk  co.,  Wis. 

llicli'fieltl,  a  post-township  of  Adams  co.,  111.,  about 
20  miles  S.E.  of  Quincy.     Pop.  U96. 

Richfield,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Iowa,  13  miles 
W.  of  West  Union. 

Richfield,  a  post-hamlet  in  Richfield  township,  Genesee 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Flint  River,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Flint.  It  has 
a  town  house  and  2  stores.     Pop.  of  township,  1361. 

Richfield,  a  post-hamlet  in  Richfield  township,  Henne- 
pin CO.,  Minn.,  6  miles  S.  of  Minneapolis.  The  township 
is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  contains 
several  small  lakes. 

Richfield,  a  post-village  in  Acquackanonck  township, 
Passaic  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Erie  Railroad  (Newark  Branch),  at 
Centreville  Station,  2  miles  from  Passaic,  and  16  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Jersey  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Richfield,  a  post-township  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
15  miles  N.W.  of  Cooperstown.  It  has  a  moderately  hilly 
surface  and  a  fertile  soil.  Pop.  2515.  It  contains  Rich- 
field Springs.     Richfield  Post-Office  is  at  Monticello. 

Richfield,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  0.     Pop.  396. 

Richfield,  a  township  of  Lucas  co.,  0.  Pop.  S22.  It 
contains  Richfield  Centre. 

Richfield,  a  post-village  in  Richfield  township.  Sum- 
rait  CO.,  0.,  10  miles  W.  of  Hudson,  and  about  18  miles  S. 
of  Cleveland'.  It  has  4  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  cheese- 
factory.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1018. 

Richfield,  a  post-village  of  Juniata  co.,  Pa.,  20  miles 
S.W.  of  Sunbury.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  131, 

Richfield,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Sevier  co.,  Utah, 
on  the  Sevier  River,  about  150  miles  S.  of  Salt  Lake  City. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  graded  school. 

Richfield,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  AVis.     Pop.  244. 

Richfield,  a  post-village  in  Richfield  township,  Wash- 
ington CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
Railroad  (Northern  division),  25  miles  N.W.  of  Milwaukee. 
It  has  several  churches,  hotels,  and  stores.  Pop.  about  400 ; 
of  the  township,  1740. 

Richfield  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Richfield  town- 
ship, Lucas  CO.,  0.,  about  16  miles  W.  of  Toledo. 

Richfield  Junction,  a  station  in  Oneida  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  <fc  Western  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  a  branch,  13i  miles  S.  of  Utica. 

Richfield  Springs,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort 
in  Richfield  township,  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  about  1  mile  N.  of 
Schuyler  Lake,  and  13  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Cooperstown.  It 
is  on  a  branch  of  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western 
Railroad,  35  miles  S.S.E.  of  Utica.  It  has  medicinal  springs 
which  are  reputed  as  remedies  for  rheumatism,  skin  diseases, 
Ac,  also  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  seminary,  a  bank, 
and  several  large  hotels.     Pop.  in  1890,  1623. 

Rich'ford,  a  post-village  in  Richford  township,  Tioga 
CO.,  X.Y.,  on  East  Owego  Creek,  and  on  the  Southern  Central 
Railroad,  19  miles  N.  of  Owego.  It  contains  a  church  and 
a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  300 ;  of  the  township,  1451. 

Richford,  a  post-village  in  Richford  township,  Frank- 
lin CO.,  Vt.,  on  Missisquoi  River,  and  on  the  Southeastern 
Railway  of  Canada,  at  its  junction  with  the  Eastern  division 
of  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  28  miles  E.N.E.  of  St. 
Albans.  It  has  a  graded  school,  2  churches,  a  savings- 
bank.  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1162 ;  of  the  township,  2196. 

Richford,  a  post-hamlet  in  Richford  township,  Wau- 
shara CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Mecan  River,  5  miles  E.  of  Coloma 
Station,  and  about  35  miles  N.  of  Portage.  It  has  2  stores 
and  a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  366. 

Rich  Fount'ain,  a  post-hamlet  of  Osage  co.,  Mo., 
about  22  miles  S.E.  of  Jeff"erson  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Rich  Giove,a  township  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  315. 

Rich  Hill,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  4  miles  by  rail 
E.N.E.  of  Armagh.     Pop.  725. 

Rich  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Bates  co.,  Mo.,  18  miles  W. 
of  Rockville  Station.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Rich  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  0.,  2J  miles  from 
Ccntreburg  Station,  which  is  14  miles  S.W.  of  Mt.  Vernon. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  wagon-factory. 

Rich  Hill,  a  township  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.     P.  1404. 

Rich  Hill,  a  township  of  Greene  co..  Pa.     Pop.  2470. 

Rich  Hill  Cross  Roads.    See  RicuBnna. 

Richibucto,  rish'c-biik'to  (formerly  Liverpool),  a 
leapori  town  and  port  of  entry  of  New  Brunswick,  capital 
of  Kent  CO.,  at  the  mouth  of  a  river  of  the  same  name,  146 
miles  N.E.  of  St.  John,  and  37  miles  E.  of  Chatham.    It 


contains  the  county  buildings,  several  churches  and  hoteli^ 
and  about  20  stores,  and  has  a  large  trade  in  lumber  and 
fish.     Ship-building  is  also  carried  on.     Pop.  800. 

Richibucto,  a  river  of  New  Brunswick,  takes  its  rise 
in  Kent  co.,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  at  Richi- 
bucto. It  is  navigable  for  small  vessels  for  15  miles  above 
its  mouth.  The  tide  flows  25  miles,  and  there  are  yearly 
floated  down  it  immense  quantities  of  timber. 

Richie's,  a  station  on  the  Cincinnati,  Rockport  ft 
Southwestern  Railroad,  5i  miles  N.  of  Rockport,  Ind. 

Ricli'ison's  Cove,  a  post-office  of  Sevier  co.,  Tenn. 

Rich'land,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an 
area  of  about  361  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W. 
by  the  Little  Wabash  River,  and  is  drained  by  Bonpas  and 
Fox  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Coal 
is  found  here.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Ohio  & 
Mississippi  Railroad,  the  Peoria,  Decatur  &  Evansville 
Railroad,  and  the  Chicago  <k  Ohio  Railroad.  Capital,  OIney. 
Pop.  in  1870,  12,803;  in  1880,  15,545;  in  1890,  15,019. 

Richland,  a  parish  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Louisiana,  has 
an  area  of  about  675  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
Bocuf  Bayou,  and  is  also  drained  by  Big  Creek.  The  sur- 
face is  moderately  uneven  and  mostly  covered  with  forests. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  a  division 
of  the  Queen  &  Crescent  Route,  and  by  the  New  Orleans 
&  Northwestern  Railroad.  Capital,  Rayvillo.  Pop.  in 
1870,  5110;  in  1880,  8440;  in  1890,  10,230. 

Richland,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  North  Dakota, 
bordering  on  Minnesota,  and  on  South  Dakota,  has  an  area 
of  1440  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Red 
River  of  the  North  and  the  Sioux  Wood  River,  and  inter- 
sected by  the  Wild  Rice  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Great  Northern  Railroad, 
the  Chicigo,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  the  Northern 
Pacific  Railroad,  and  other  railroads.  Capital,  Wuhpeton. 
Pop.  in  1880,  3597  ;  in  1890,  10,751. 

Richland,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Ohio,  has 
an  area  of  about  487  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Black  Fork  and  Clear  Fork  of  the  Mohican  River,  which  rise 
in  it.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  partly 
covered  with  forests  of  the  sugar-maple,  ash,  oak,  hickory, 
walnut,  <tc.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
oats,  hay,  butter,  cattle,  wool,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  intersected  by  the  New  York,  Lake 
Erie  &  Western  Railroad,  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  & 
Chicago  Railroad,  and  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad. 
Capital,  Mansfield.  Pop.  in  1870,  32,516;  in  1880,  36,306; 
in  1890,  38,072. 

Richland,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  South  Caro- 
lina, has  an  area  of  about  608  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  Watereo  River,  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Broad, 
and  on  the  S.  by  the  Congaree.  The  first  and  the  last  of 
these  navigable  rivers  unite  at  the  S.E.  extremity  of  the 
county  and  form  the  Santee  River.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating or  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests 
of  pine,  Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Richmond  &,  Danville  Railroad.  Capital,  Columbia, 
which  is  also  the  capital  of  the  state.  Pop.  in  1870,  23,025 ; 
in  1880,  28,573;  in  1890,  36,821. 

Richland,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Wisconsin,  has 
an  area  of  about  570  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  theS. 
by  the  Wisconsin  River,  and  is  drained  by  Eagle  and  Pine 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Forests  of  sugar-maple,  oak,  hickory,  ash,  pine,  and  other 
trees  cover  nearly  one-third  of  the  surface.  Wheat,  Indian 
corn,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  and  hops  are  the  staple  products. 
Silurian  limestone  underlies  part  of  this  county,  which  is 
partly  traversed  by  a  division  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
<t  St.  Paul  Railroad.  Capital,  Richland  Centre.  Pop.  in 
1S70,  15,731;  in  1880,  18,174;  in  1890,  19,121. 

Richland,  a  post-village  of  Pasco  co.,  Fla.,  7  miles  by 
rail  S.  by  E.  of  Dade  City.  It  has  a  general  store  and  a 
blacksmith-shop.     Pop.  about  100. 

Richland,  a  post-village  of  Stewart  co.,  Ga.^  38  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Americus,  and  9  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Lumpkin. 
It  has  several  churches,  a  cotton-gin,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  general  stores.     It  is  in  a  cotton  district.     Pop.  457. 

Richland,  a  township  of  La  Salle  co..  III.    Pop.  712. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Marshall  co..  III.     Pop.  805. 

Richlaud,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Sangamon  oo., 
111.,  on  the  Springfield  k  Illinois  Southeastern  Railroad,  12 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Springfield. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  Ill,     Pop.  1241. 


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Kiclilandf  a  township  of  Bonton  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  540. 

Kicliland,a  township  of  De  Kulb  oo.,  Ind.   Pop.  1826. 

Itichliliul,  townsliin,  Fountain  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  1759. 

Kichlaiid,  a  township  of  Fulton  oo.,  Ind.    Pop.  1314. 

lliclilitiiil,  a  townHhip  of  Grant  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  1065. 

llicltliiiid,  a  township  of  Uroeno  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  2143. 

Kichliiiid,  a  township  of  Jay  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  1342. 

RicliliiiidT  a  station  of  Knox  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio  & 
Mbsissippi  lUilroad,  4}  miles  E.  of  Vinconnos. 

Richland, a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1005. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  160U. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Monroo  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  148(5. 

Richland,  a  post-haiulet  in  Uiohland  township.  Rush 
eo.,  Ind.,  10  tuilos  S.  by  B.  of  llushvillo.  It  has  2  cnurcbos 
and  an  aoadomy.     Pop.  of  the  township,  917. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Steuben  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  653. 

Richland,  a  township  of  AVhitlcy  co.,  Ind.   Pop.  1723. 

Richland,  a  town.«hip  of  Adair  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  454. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  129. 
■    Richland,  township,  Chickasaw  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  639. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Decatur  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  945. 
'■  Richland,  township,  Delaware  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  744. 
V  Richland,  a  township  of  Diclcinson  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  70. 
•  Richland,  a  township  of  Franltlin  oo.,  Iowa.  Pop.  148. 
.'  Richland,  a  township  of  Guthrie  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  473. 
'•'  Richland,  a  township  of  Jackson  CO.,  Iowa.  Pop.  876. 
>'  Richland,  a  township  of  Jasper  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  952. 
'   Richland,  a  township  of -Jones  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  740. 

Richland,  a  post-village  in  Richland  township,  Keo- 
kuk CO.,  Iowa,  about  27  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ottuinwa,  and  14 
miles  N.  of  Fairfield.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  ofiice, 
and  2  steam  flour-mills.  Pop.  492;  of  the  township,  1050 
additional.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
Skunk  River. 

Richland,  township,  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1381. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Story  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  453. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  870. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Wapello  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1411. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1210. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
841.     Post-office,  Rose  Hill. 

Richland,  township,  Cowley  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  545. 

Richland,  township,  Harvey  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  203. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  265. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Labette  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
967,  exclusive  of  Chotopa. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  944. 

Richland,  township,  Republic  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  531. 

Richland,  a  post-hamlct  of  Shawnee  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  St.  Louis,  Lawrence  &  Western  Railroad,  19  miles  W. 
by  S.  of  Lawrence. 

Richland,  a  post-hamlct  of  Harrison  co.,  Ky.,  6  miles 
E.  of  Berry's  Station.     It  has  2  or  3  churches. 

Richland,  a  post-village  in  Richland  township,  Kala- 
mazoo CO.,  Mich.,  about  10  miles  N.E.  of  Kalamazoo,  and 
42  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  a  church,  an 
academy,  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and  windmills. 
Pop.  about  300;  of  the  township,  1255. 

Richland,  township,  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  117. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Saginaw  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  477. 

Richland,  a  post-township  of  Rice  co.,  Minn.,  about 
10  miles  S.E.  of  Faribault.     Pop.  932. 

Richland,  a  hamlet  of  Holmes  co..  Miss.,  5  miles  from 
Goodman  Station.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Richland,  township.  Gasconade  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1099. 

Richland,  a  hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Mo.,  10  or  11  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Springfield. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Macon  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1180. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1185. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Ozark  co..  Mo.     Pop.  635. 

Richland,  a  post-village  of  Pulaski  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Atlantic  &  Pacific  Railroad,  162  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Louis. 
It  has  a  newspaper  office,  2  churches,  4  general  stores,  a 
grain-elevator,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  720. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Scott  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1080. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Stoddard  co..  Mo.     Pop.  438. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Vernon  co..  Mo.    Pop.  547. 

Richland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Colfax  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  37  miles  W.  of  Fremont,  and  8  miles 
E.  of  Columbus.     It  h.as  a  store  and  a  grain-warehouse. 

Richland,  a  post-township  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  is 
bounded  W.  by  Lake  Ontario,  and  intersected  by  Salmon 
River.  The  soil  is  fertile.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Rome, 
Watertown  AOgdensburg  Railroad  and  the  Syracuse  North- 
ern Railroad.  It  contains  Pulaski,  one  of  the  capitals  of 
*h%  oountj,  and  Richland.    Pop.  4023. 


Richland,  a  post-village  in  Richlnnd  township,  Oswem 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Rome,  Watertown  A  Ogdcnsburg  Itailroiul 
at  the  junction  of  u  branch,  29  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Oswego! 
It  has  a  church,  2  hotelf,  2  saw-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  250. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Beaufort  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  2097, 

Richland,  a  township  of  Onslow  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  213.3. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  713^ 

Richland,  a  township  of  Allen  CO.,  0.     Pop.  21.19. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Belmont  CO.,  0.,  about  14  iniJM 
W.  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va.  Pop.  4170.  It  contuinsSt.  Claln. 
ville,  Olcncoc,  and  East  Richland. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  0.    Pop.  1854. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Darke  oo.,  0.     Pop.  1105. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Defiance  co.,  0.     Pop.  1104. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.     Pop.  1517. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Guernsey  co.,  0.  Pop.  1404 
It  contains  Now  Gottingen  and  Senecaville. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Holmes  co.,  0.     Pop.  1242. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Logan  co.,  0.  Pop.  1401. 
It  contains  New  Richland. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  0.     Pop.  1140. 

Richland,  a  post-village  in  Richland  township,  Vinton 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Marietta  A  Cincinnati  Railroad,  at  Richland 
Furnace  Station,  24  miles  E.S.E.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  a 
furnace  for  pig-iron.  The  township  contains  a  village 
named  Allensville,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1814, 

Richland,  a  township  of  Wyandot  co.,  0.    Pop.  1271. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.   Pop.  707. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.  Pop.  2111. 
It  contains  Richlandtown  and  Richland  Centre. 

Richland,  a  post-villngo  of  Union  co.,  S.D.,  near  th« 
Big  Sioux  River,  2  miles  (direct)  W.  of  Westfield  Station, 
Iowa,  and  about  7  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Elk  Point.  It  has  a 
mill  and  general  stores.     Pop.  about  100. 

Richland,  a  post-office  of  Grainger  co.,  Tenn. 

Richland,  or  Richland  Station,  a  post-village  of 
Sumner  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Louisville  A  Nashville  Railroad, 
15  miles  N.N.W.  of  Gallatin.     It  has  a  church. 

Richland,  a  post-office  of  Navarro  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Houston  A  Texas  Central  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Corsieana. 

Richland,  Stafford  co.,  Va.    See  Richland  Mill. 

Richland,  a  post-office  of  Tazewell  co.,  Va. 

Richland,  a  township  of  Richland  co.,  Wis.   Pop,  1874. 

Richland  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Fulton  co.,  Ind. 

Richland  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas. 

Richland  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Bucks  co.,  Pu.,  in 
the  borough  of  Quakertown. 

Richland  Centre,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Richland 
CO.,  Wis.,  in  Richland  township,  on  Pine  River,  about  60 
miles  W.N.AV.  of  Madison,  and  on  the  Pine  lliver  Valley  A 
Stevens  Point  Railroad,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Richland  City. 
It  has  water-power,  and  contains  2  newspaper  oflices,  4 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  bank,  a  fljjur-iuill,  a  tannery, 
a  saw-mill,  a  brick-yard,  and  a  stave-factory.     Pop.  1200. 

Richland  City,  a  post-village  of  RicLliind  co..  Wis.,  i 
on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Wisconsin  River,  at  the  mouth  of  ! 
Pine  Creek,  about  50  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Madison.  It  is  on  ! 
the  Pine  lliver  Valley  A  Stevens  Point  Railroad,  6  milei  ! 
W.  of  Lone  Rock.     It  has  a  church. 

Richland  Creek,  Tennessee,  runs  southward  in  Gild  i 
CO.,  and  enters  the  Elk  River  about  10  miles  S.  of  Pulaski, 

Richland  Creek,  Texas,  rises  in  Hill  co.,  runs  cost-  j 
ward,  and  enters  Pecan  Creek  in  Navarro  co.  It  is  nearly  j 
70  miles  long. 

Richland  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rock  Island  co., 
111.,  in  Richland  Grove  township,  2i  miles  from  Cable  Sta- 
tion, and  about  13  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Rock  Island.  The 
township  contains  a  village  named  Swedona,  and  has  bedi 
of  coal.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1444. 

Richland  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Stafford  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Potomac  River,  and  on  the  Richmond,  Fredericksburg  A 
Potomac  Railroad,  at  Richland  Station,  77  miles  N.  of 
Richmond.     Here  are  a  flour-mill  and  a  church. 

Rich'lands,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Onslow 
CO.,  N.C,  34  miles  S.W.  of  Newbern.     It  has  an  academy,    ; 
2  churches,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  2758. 

Richland  Springs,  a  post-office  of  San  Saba  co.,  Tex. 

Richland  Station,  a  post-village  of  Lebanon  oo., 
Pa.,  in  Mill  Creek  township,  on  the  Lebanon  Valley  Rail- 
road, 19  miles  W.  of  Reading.  It  has  a  church,  a  carriage- 
shop,  a  plough-factory,  2  hotels,  a  cigar-factory,  and  3 
stores.     Pop.  350. 

Richland  Station,  Tennessee.     See  RrciiLAvn. 

RichMandtown,  a  post-village  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  in 
Richland  township,  40  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia,  and  2i 
miles  from  Quakertown.  It  has  a  church  and  a  shoe-fao- 
tory.     Pop.  about  300. 


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Richland  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Hay  wood  co.,  N.C. 

Uich  Lieu,  rich'lu,  a  post-office  of  Logan  co.,  Ky. 

Rich'man,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Iowa.   Pop.  545. 

Rich'manville,  a  hamlet  of  Salem  co.,  N.J.,  in  Piles- 
grove  township,  J  of  a  mile  from  Yorktown  Station. 

Rich'mond,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Thames,  10  miles  by  railway  W.S.W.  of 
St.  Paul's,  London.  Here  are  many  handsome  villas  and 
hotels,  resorted  to  in  summer  by  numerous  visitors.  Rich- 
mond commands  one  of  the  finest  prospects  in  the  vicinity 
of  London.  In  its  church  are  the  tombs  of  the  poet  Thom- 
son and  the  tragedian  Kean.  It  has  a  national  school, 
amply  endowed  almshouses,  a  handsome  Wesleyan  college, 
and  some  remains  of  a  royal  palace.  Richmond  Park,  ad- 
joining the  town  on  the  S.,  is  8  miles  in  circuit,  well 
wooded,  stocked  with  deer,  and  open  to  the  public, 

Richmond,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  North 
Riding,  on  the  Swale,  here  crossed  by  a  handsome  stone 
bridge,  42  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  York.  Pop.  6755.  Its 
chief  buildings  are  a  fine  old  church,  a  Roman  Catholic 
chiipel,  a  free  grammar-school,  a  large  hotel,  and  imposing 
ruins  of  a  castle.  Near  it  are  also  fine  remains  of  a  mon- 
astery. Richmond  has  a  scientific  society,  a  mechanics' 
institute,  and  a  banking  company.  An  ecclesiastical  and 
a  civil  court  for  the  district  of  Richmondshire  are  held  here. 
The  borough  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons, 

Rich'mond,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Georgia,  bor- 
ders on  South  Carolina.  Area,  about  330  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Savannah  River,  and  is 
drained  by  Brier  and  McBean's  Creeks.  The  surface  is  un- 
even or  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests. 
Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  has  abundance  of  granite  or  syenite.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia,  the  Richmond 
t  Danville  Railroad,  the  South  Carolina  Railroad,  the 
Georgia  Railroad,  and  other  railroads,  which  centre  at 
Augusta,  the  capital.  Pop.  iu  1870,  25,724 ;  in  1880,  34,665 ; 
in  1890,45,194. 

Richmond,  the  most  southern  county  of  New  York, 
has  an  area  of  about  61  square  miles.  It  is  an  island 
named  Staten  Island,  which  is  nearly  13  miles  long.  It  is 
separated  from  IJew  York  City  by  New  York  Bay,  is  bounded 
on  the  S.E.  by  a  part  of  the  Atlantic  called  Lower  Bay, 
and  on  the  N.W.  by  Staten  Island  Sound.  It  is  also  sep- 
arated from  Long  Island  by  a  strait  called  the  Narrows. 
The  soil  produces  hay,  potatoes,  Indian  corn,  &o.  The 
shores  are  adorned  with  handsome  villas  and  country-scats. 
Mines  of  iron  ore  have  been  opened  in  this  county.  It  is 
traversed  by  the  Staten  Island  Rapid  Transit  Railroad. 
Capital,  Richmond.  Pop.  in  1870,  33,029  ;  in  1880,  38,991 ; 
in  1890,  51,693.     See  Staten  Island. 

Richmond,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  North  Carolina, 
borders  on  South  Carolina.  Area,  about  789  sqiiare  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Lumber  River,  and  on  the 
W.  by  the  Yadkin  or  Pedee  River.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating, and  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  oak,  and 
other  trees.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
pork,  tar,  and  turpentine  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Carolina  Central  Railroad,  the 
Palmetto  Railroad,  and  the  Raleigh  <fc  Augusta  Air-Line 
Railroad.  Capital,  Rockingham.  Pop,  in  1870,  12,882; 
in  1880,  18,245;  in  1890,  23,948, 

Richmond,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Virginia,  has 
an  area  of  about  210  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
S.W.  by  the  Rappahannock  River,  which  is  here  naviga- 
ble. The  affluents  of  this  river  intersect  Richmond  co.  in 
various  localities.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  about 
half  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  Indian  corn  and  wheat 
are  the  staple  products.  The  inhabitants  are  partly  em- 
ployed in  the  oyster-fishery.  Capital,  Warsaw.  Pop.  in 
1870,  6503;  in  1880,  7195;  in  1890,  7146. 

Richmond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  5  miles 
N.W.  of  Minter  Railroad  Station,  and  about  18  miles  S.  of 
Selma.     It  has  a  church, 

Richmond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Little  River  co,.  Ark., 
about  20  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Texarkana.     It  has  a  church. 

Richmond,  a  township  of  Cass  co..  111.     Pop.  1115. 

Richmond,  a  post-vill.ago  in  Richmond  township, 
McIIenry  co.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Rail- 
road (Lake  Geneva  Line),  60  miles  N.N.W.  of  Chicago, 
and  32  miles  N.  of  Elgin,  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  graded  school,  and  a  cheese-factory.  Pop.  about 
600  ;  of  the  township,  1404. 

Richmond,  a  hamlet  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind.,  on  Sand 
Creek,  about  24  miles  E.  of  Columbus. 

Richmond,  a  city,  capital  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.,  is  pleas- 
antly situated  on  the  East  Fork  of  the  Whitewater  River, 


68  miles  E.  of  Indianapolis,  92  miles  S.  hy  E.  of  Fort 
Wayne,  70  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cincinnati,  and  41  miles  W. 
of  Dayton,  0.  It  is  an  important  railroad  centre,  and  is 
one  of  the  most  beautiful  and  prosperous  cities  in  the  state. 
The  railroads  which  converge  to  this  point  are  the  Cincin- 
nati, Richmond  <fe  Chicago,  the  Columbus,  Chicago  &  In- 
diana Central,  and  the  Cincinnati,  Richmond  A  Fort  Wayne. 
Richmond  contains  about  12  churches,  a  high  school,  a 
public  library,  3  national  banks,  the  capital  of  which 
amounts  to  $900,000,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  4 
weekly  newspapers.  It  is  the  seat  of  Earlham  College, 
which  was  organized  in  1859,  is  under  the  direction  of  the 
Friends,  and  is  open  to  both  sexes.  The  Indiana  Yearly 
Meeting  of  Friends  is  held  here.  Richmond  has  extensive 
manufactures  of  threshing-machines,  farming-implements, 
engines  and  boilers,  machinery,  flour,  Ac.  P.  (1890)  16,608. 

Richmond,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Iowa,  in 
English  River  township,  about  20  miiCS  S.S.AV.  of  Iowa 
City,  and  10  miles  N.  of  AVashington.  It  has  3  churches 
and  a  money-order  post-office.     Pop.  about  500. 

Richmond,  a  post-village  in  Richmond  township, 
Franklin  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Leavenworth,  Lawrence  <fc 
Galveston  Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of  Ottawa.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  of  township,  681. 

Richmond,  a  township  of  Nemaha  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
1971.     It  contains  Seneca. 

Richmond,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Madison  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Knoxville  Branch  of  the  Louisville  &  Great  South- 
ern Railroad,  about  25  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lexington,  and  139 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Louisville,  It  contains  a  court-house,  6 
churches,  the  Central  University  (Presbyterian),  organized 
in  1874,  a  newspaper  office,  3  national  banks,  and  the  Mad- 
ison Female  Institute,     Pop.  in  1890,  4753. 

Richmond,  a  post-village  in  Richmond  township, 
Sagadahoc  co..  Me.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Kennebec 
River,  16  miles  below  Augusta,  and  on  the  Maine  Central 
Railroad,  44  miles  N.E.  of  Portland.  It  contains  3 
churches,  an  academy,  2  national  banks,  a  steam  saw-mill, 
a  planing-mill,  and  a  large  manufactory  of  boots  and  shoes. 
Steamboats  run  from  this  place  to  Boston,  except  in  winter. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  3082. 

Richmond,  a  post-village  in  Richmond  township, 
Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston  &,  Albany  Railroad,  8^ 
miles  S.W.  of  Pittsfield,  and  42  miles  S.E.  of  Albany.  It 
has  a  church,  a  school  called  Kenmore  Hall,  and  a  furnace 
for  pig-iron.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1141. 

Richmond  (post-office,  New  Richmond),  a  village  of 
Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Kalamazoo  River,  and  on  the 
Chicago  &,  West  Michigan  Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of  Hollands 
Pop.  about  150. 

Richmond,  a  post-village  of  Macomb  co.,  Mich.,  In 
Richmond  township,  J  of  a  mile  from  Ridgway  Station  of 
the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  and  on  the  Air-Line  Railroad 
extending  to  Romeo,  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Detroit.  It  has 
4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  a  foundry, 
a  wooUcn-mill,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop. 
about  900  ;  of  the  township,  2105.  The  township  contains 
another  vill.age,  named  Memphis. 

Richmond,  township,  Osceola  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1503. 

Richmond,  Stearns  co.,  Minn.     See  Toraii. 

Richmond,  a  post-office  and  township  of  Winona  co., 
Minn.,  on  the  Mississippi,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee 
<fc  St.  Paul  Railroad,  12  miles  S.E.  of  AVinona.     Pop.  325, 

Richmond,  a  hamlet  of  Lee  co,.  Miss.,  14  miles  S.E. 
of  Tupelo, 

Richmond,  a  township  of  Howard  ^o..  Mo.   Pop.  2988. 

Richmond,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ray  co.,  Mo.,  in 
Richmond  township,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  & 
Northern  Railroad  (St.  Joseph  division),  9  miles  N.W.  of 
Lexington,  44  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Kansas  City,  and  6  miles 
N.  of  the  Missouri  River.  It  has  a  court-house,  Richmond 
College,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  bank,  a  savings-bank,  6 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and  farming-tools. 
Coal  is  found  here.     Pop.  in  1880.  1424;  in  1890,  2895. 

Richmond,  a  post-office  of  Furnas  co..  Neb. 

Richmond,  a  post-hamlet  in  Richmond  township, 
Cheshire  co.,  N.II.,  about  14  miles  S.  of  Keene.  It  has  a 
pail-factory  and  a  lumber-mill.    Pop.  of  the  township,  868. 

Richmond,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co..  New  Mexico. 

Richmond,  a  township  of  Ontario  CO.,  N.Y.   Pop.  1659. 

Richmond,  a  beautiful  post-village,  capital  of  Rich- 
mond CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Southfield  township,  on  the  Staten 
Island  Railroad,  12  miles  S.W.  of  New  York,  and  2  miles 
from  the  sea-shore.  It  contains  numerous  handsome  villas, 
3  churches,  and  a  carriage-factory. 

Richmond,  a  township  of  Ashtabula  cc,  0.  Pop.  883. 
It  contains  Richmond  Centre. 


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Richmond,  a  township  of  Huron  oo.,  0.     Pop.  880. 

Ilichiiiund,  a  post-villngo  in  Siileni  township,  Jcfler- 
•on  CO.,  0.,  lU  niilet)  N.W.  of  Stcubonvillo.  It  oontninH  3 
ehurohes  and  Uichmond  College  (nun-neotivrtnn),  which  was 
organized  in  1835  ;  oouimodious  buildings  were  erected  fur 
this  college  in  1872.     Pop.  405. 

Richmond)  a  village  of  Kosa  oo.,  0.,  on  Salt  Crook, 
about  13  uiilos  S.B.  of  Chillicuthc,  and  1  mile  E.  of  the 
Scioto  llivor.  It  has  a  church,  a  flouring-uiill,  and  a  saw- 
mill.    Pop.  227.     Here  is  llicbuiond  Dale  Post-Oltice. 

Richmond,  a  township  of  liurks  oo..  Pa.     Pop.  2874. 

Richmond,  a  station  on  the  Foxburg,  St.  Petersburg 
A,  Clarion  Itailroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Foxburg,  Pa. 

Richmond,  township,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1390. 

Richmond,  Franklin  oo.,  Pa.   See  Uicumond  Furnacr. 

Richmond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northampton  co.,  Pa., 
12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Easton,  and  3  miles  from  Belvidore, 
N.J.     It  has  a  church. 

Richmond,  Philadelphia,  Pa.    See  Port  Richmosd. 

Richmond,  a  township  of  Tioga  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1558. 

Richmond,  township,  AVashington  co.,  K.I.    P.  1949. 

Richmond,  a  village  of  Bedford  co.,  Tcnn.,  11  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Shelbyville,  and  1  mile  from  Branchville  Post- 
Officc.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 
'  Richmond,  a  post-villugo,  capital  of  Fort  Bend  co., 
Tex.,  on  the  right  or  S.  bank  of  the  Brazos  River,  and 
on  the  Galveston,  Harrisburg  &  San  Antonio  Railroad,  75 
miles  AV.N.W.  of  Galveston,  and  about  28  miles  S.W.  of 
Houston.  Steamboats  can  ascend  the  river  to  this  place. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  banking-house,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
steam  grist-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  about  1400. 

Richmond,  a  post-village  of  Cache  co.,  Utah,  in  the 
fertile  Cache  Valley,  on  the  Utah  <t  Northern  Railroad,  14 
miles  N.  of  Logan.     It  has  a  church. 

Richmond,  a  post- village  in  Richmond  township, 
Chittenden  co.,  Vt.,  on  Winooski  River,  and  on  the  Central 
Vermont  Railroad,  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Montpelier,  and  14 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Burlington.  It  is  in  a  fertile  valley  among 
the  Green  Mountains,  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and 
manufactures  of  spools,  bobbins,  and  leather,  and  exports 
much  butter  and  cheese.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1309. 

Richmond,  a  city  and  port  of  entry,  capital  of  Vir- 
ginia, and  county  seat  of  Henrico  co.,  on  the  N.  bank  of 
James  River,  at  the  lower  falls,  and  at  the  head  of  tide- 
water, about  150  miles  from  its  mouth.  It  is  built  on  sev- 
eral hills,  and  is  surrounded  by  beautiful  and  varied  scenery. 
It  is  about  100  miles  in  a  straight  line  S.  by  W.  from  Wash- 
ington, 130  miles  from  that  city  by  rail,  and  22  miles  N.  of 
Petersburg.  Lat.  of  capitol,  37°  32'  17"  N. ;  Ion.  77°  27' 
28"  W.  It  is  connected  with  Manchester,  on  the  S.  side  of 
the  river,  by  four  bridges.  A  bridge  also  connects  it  with 
Belle  Isle.  The  chief  thoroughfares  run  N.AV.  and  S.E., 
nearly  parallel  with  the  river-front.  The  capitol  and  most 
of  the  other  public  buildings  are  on  Shockoe  Hill,  the  top 
of  which  is  a  plain  overlooking  the  river.  The  capitol 
building  was  finished  in  1796,  and  from  its  size  and  eleva- 
tion is  the  most  conspicuous  object  in  the  city.  It  contains 
valuable  colonial  archives,  the  state  library  with  its  nu- 
merous curiosities  and  relics,  a  collection  of  portraits  of 
colonial  and  state  governors  and  other  historical  characters, 
and  a  marble  statue  of  Washington  by  Iloudon.  In  the 
capitol  grounds  are  also  the  Foley  bronze  of  General  Thomas 
J.  Jackson,  Hart's  marble  of  Henry  Clay,  and  the  Crawford 
Washington  monument.  The  latter  is  one  of  the  finest 
groups  of  monumental  sculpture  in  America.  It  consists 
of  a  colossal  equestrian  bronze  of  Washington,  around  and 
below  which  are  two  tiers  of  pedestals,  with  figures  of  An- 
drew Lewis,  Patrick  Henry,  George  Mason,  Thomas  Jcffer- 
Bffn,  Thomas  Nelson,  and  John  Marshall,  and  on  the  lower 
pedestals  are  seven  symbolic  figures.  In  the  west  end  there 
is  another  and  smaller  park,  in  which  is  a  bronze  copy  of 
the  Houdon  statue.  The  other  more  noticeable  public  build- 
ings are  the  almshouse,  the  state  penitentiary,  the  city  jailj 
the  custom-house,  2  markets,  and  the  public  school  houses. 
Of  the  latter  there  are  13,  7  of  which  were  built  for  the  spe- 
cial purpose.  There  are  also  2  orphan  asylums,  a  retreat 
for  the  sick,  and  several  church  homes.  Prominent  edu- 
cational institutions  are  Richmond  College,  founded  by  the 
Baptists  in  1832,  St.  Joseph's  Female  Academy  (Catholic), 
and  the  Medical  College  of  Virginia.  The  edifice  of  the 
last  is  a  fine  specimen  of  Egyptian  architecture.  Among 
the  associations  of  the  city  are  the  Virginia  Historical  So- 
ciety, the  Southern  Historical  Society,  the  Gesangverein 
Virginia,  and  the  Mozart  Association.  There  are  4  national 
and  7  private  and  state  incorporated  banks,  and  several  in- 
enrance  companies.  There  are  54  churches  and  synagogues, 
come  of  which  are  of  architectural  and  historic  interest. 


The  railroad  connections  of  Richmond  arc  the  Clicsiipcake 
A  Ohio,  extending  to  Huntington,  W.  Va.,  the  (.'hosmpciiko 
&  York  River,  to  tide-water  on  the  York,  the  KicliUKnid  i, 
Petersburg,  the  Richmond,  Fredericksburg  &  Potomac,  and 
the  Rinhinond  A  Danville,  connecting  with  the  Atlantic, 
Mississippi,  and  Ohio  and  the  railroad  systems  of  North  Caro- 
lina and  Georgia.  The  James  River  <!c  Kanawha  Canal, 
210  miles  in  length,  extends  from  Richmond  to  Bucliannn. 
There  are  regular  lines  of  steamers  to  Now  York,  IMiiiadcl- 
jihia,  and  Baltimore,  and  vessels  drawing  10  feet  of  water 
can  come  to  Rockotts,  at  the  lower  or  E.  end  of  the  city; 
the  dockage  capacity  is  large.  There  are  623  manufac- 
turing establishments,  embracing  43  plug-  and  smoking-to- 
bacco-factories,  40  cigar-fnctorics,  flour-,  paper-,  and  fer- 
tilizer-mills, foundries,  Ac.  The  Haxall,  Crenshaw,  and 
Gallego  flour- mills  are  among  the  largest  in  the  United 
States.  The  Tredegar  Iron-Works  is  one  of  the  largest 
rolling-mills  in  the  South.  The  chief  exports  arc  tobacco 
and  flour.  The  total  number  of  hogsheads  of  tobacco  in- 
spected in  a  good  year  will  amount  to  50,000.  The  com- 
mercial institutions  of  the  city  are  the  corn  and  flour  ex- 
change, the  tobacco  exchange,  and  the  stock  exchnngc. 

Richmond  has  an  efficient  police  force  and  fire  depart- 
ment, and  is  exceptionally  healthy.  It  is  sujjplicd  with 
water  from  2  reservoirs,  having  an  aggregate  capacity  of 
50,000,000  gallons.  It  possesses  an  immense  water-power, 
derived  from  the  falls  of  James  River,  and  is  admirably  lo- 
cated  for  industrial  enterprises.  There  are  4  cemeteries,— 
Hollywood,  Shockoe  Hill,  the  Bishop's,  and  the  National. 

Richmond  was  founded  by  William  Byrd  in  1737,  wm 
incorporated  in  1742,  and  became  the  capital  of  the  state  in 
1779-80.  It  has  grown  rapidly  in  importance  and  popula- 
tion, notwithstanding  the  drawbacks  it  was  subjected  to 
during  the  civil  war*.  In  1800  the  population  was  5737; 
in  1850,  27,570;  in  1860,  37,910;  in  1870,  51,038;  in  1880, 
63,600;  in  1890,  81,388,  about  two-fifths  of  whom  are  of 
African  descent.  There  is  also  a  large  German  element  in 
the  citizenship. 

In  1861  Richmond  was  made  the  capital  of  the  Southern 
Confederacy,  and  became  the  objective  point  of  the  principal 
military  operationsof  the  Union  forces  in  the  East.  After  an 
obstinate  siege,  it  was  evacuated  on  the  night  of  April  2, 
1865,  and  taken  by  the  Federal  army.  The  tobacco  in  the: 
warehouses  was  fired  by  the  retiring  Confederates,  and  tiio ' 
greater  portion  of  the  business  part  of  the  city  was  destroyed, 
but  has  since  been  handsomely  and  substantially  rebuilt,     i 

Richmond,  township,  St.  Croix  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  1140. 

Richmond,  a  township  of  Shawano  co..  Wis.     P.  700.  | 

Richmond,  a  post-office  in  Richmond  township,  Wal- 1 
worth  CO.,  Wis.,  about  15  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Janesvillc,  andi 
12  miles  N.W.  of  Elkhorn.     Pop.  of  the  township,  926.      J 

Richmond,  a  town  of  Australia,  in  Victoria,  on  the; 
Yarra,  near  Melbourne.     Pop.  18,612. 

Richmond,  a  town  of  Jamaica,  on  its  N.  coast,  30 
miles  E.  of  Falmouth.     Pop.  6517.  I 

Richmond,  a  county  of  Nova  Scotia,  occupying  theS.  I 
portion  of  the  island  of  Cape  Breton,  with  Isle  Madame,  and| 
other  smaller  islands  adjoining.  Area,  622  square  mile8.| 
Capital,  Arichat.     Pop.  14,268.  i 

Richmond,  Elgin  co.,  Ontario.    See  BAvnAM. 

Richmond,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Quebec,  com- 
prises an  area  of  556  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
river  St.  Francis  and  several  other  streams,  and  intersected 
by  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway.  Capital,  Richmond  East. 
Pop.  11,213. 

Richmond,  a  town  of  Tasmania,  on  the  Coal  River, 
11  miles  N.E.  of  Hobart  Town.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  jail, 
and  some  inns.     Pop.  500. 

Richmond  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  sea  on  the  northerni 
side  of  Prince  Edward  Island.  It  is  9  miles  wide,  and' 
stretches  inland  10  miles  from  its  entrance,  almost  dividinf 
the  island,  leaving  a  narrow  reach  only  1  mile  in' width. 

Richmond  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ashtabula  co, 
0.,  in  Richmond  township,  about  15  miles  S.E.  of  Jctfcrson 

Richmond  Corner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sagadahoc  co. 
Me.,  in  Richmond  township,  4i  miles  from  the  village  ofj 
Richmond.     It  has  a  church. 

Richmond  (or  Scotch)  Corner,  a  post-village  ii 
Carleton  co..  New  Brunswick,  on  the  New  Brunswick  c' 
Canada  Railway,  6  miles  W.  of  Woodstock.  It  contains  i 
custom-house.     Pop.  200. 

Richmond  Dale,  Ross  co.,  0.    See  Richmond. 

Richmond  £ast,  a  post-village  of  Quebec,  capital  o 
the  CO.  of  Richmond,  on  a  branch  of  the  river  St.  Francit 
and  on  the  Grand  'Trunk  Railway,  76i  miles  E.  of  Mon 
treal.  A  bridge  spans  the  St.  Francis  and  connects  tlii 
village  with  Melbourne.     It  contains,  besides  the  count 


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buildings,  a  college,  mechanics'  institute,  newspaper  office, 
anil  several  stores  and  hotels.  In  the  vicinity  there  are 
copper-mines.     Pop.  715. 

llichinond  Fur'nace^  a  hamlet  of  Berkshire  co., 
Mass.,  near  the  village  of  Richmond. 

Hichinond  Furnace,  a  post-village  in  Metal  town- 
ship, Franklin  co.,  Pa.,  about  14  miles  direct  W.  of  Cham- 
bcrsburg.  It  is  a  terminus  of  the  Southern  Pennsylvania 
llailroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Mercersburg,  and  has  an  iron- 
furnace  and  a  mine  of  iron  ore.     Here  is  Richmond  Station. 

Richmond  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Jamaica  township, 
Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Southern  Railroad  of  Long  Island, 
8  miles  E.  of  New  York  City.     It  has  a  church. 

llichmond  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Yadkin  co.,  N.C. 

Richmond  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Susquehanna  co..  Pa. 

Richmond  Hill,  a  village  in  the  co.  of  York,  Ontario, 
16  miles  N.  of  Toronto,  and  3.i  miles  from  the  Richmond  Hill 
Station  of  the  Northern  Railway.  It  is  admirably  situated 
for  manufactories,  has  good  water-power,  a  weekly  news- 
paper, a  mechanics'  institute,  a  county  high  school,  a  ladies' 
boarding-school,  4  churches,  an  agricultural-imploment- 
factory,  and  a  number  of  stores.     Pop.  784. 

Richmond  3Iills,  a  post-hamlct  in  Richmond  town- 
ship, Ontario  co.,  N.Y.,  about  25  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Rochester. 
It  has  2  saw-mills,  a  flour-mill,  and  2  stores. 

Richmond  Mine,  a  station  in  Muhlenburg  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Paducah  &,  Elizabethtowu  Railroad,  14  miles  N.E. 
of  Greenville. 

Richmond  Mines.    See  Port  Richmond. 

Richmond  River,  in  East  Australia,  enters  the  Pa- 
cific Ocean  about  60  miles  S.  of  Moreton  Bay. 

Richmond  Station,  a  post-village  in  Richmond  co., 
Quebec,  on  a  branch  of  the  river  St.  Francis,  and  at  t^e 
junction  of  the  Montreal,  Quebec,  and  Portland  Branches 
of  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  76  miles  E.  of  Montreal,  and 
96  miles  S.S.W.  of  Quebec.     Pop.  300. 

Richmond  Switch,  or  Wood  River  Junction, 
a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  R.I.,  on  the  Stonington 
&  Providence  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Wood  River 
Railroad,  36  miles  S.S.W.  of  Providence. 

Richmond  Ter'minus,  a  suburb  of  the  city  of  Ilal- 
ifa.x.  Nova  Scotia,  on  Bedford  Basin,  at  the  S.  terminus  of 
the  Intercolonial  Railway,  2  miles  from  Halifa.x  Post-Office. 
It  contains  the  railway-offices  and  workshops.     Pop.  1000. 

Richmond  VaI'ley,  a  station  in  Richmond  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Statcn  Island  Railroad,  23  miles  S.W.  of  New  York. 

Rich'mondville,  a  post-village  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mich., 
on  Lake  Huron,  40  miles  N.  of  Port  Huron.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  83. 

Richmondville,  a  post-village  in  Richmondville  town- 
ship, Schoharie  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Cobleskill  Creek,  and  on  the 
Albany  <fc  Susquehanna  Railroad,  50  miles  W.  of  Albany. 
It  contains  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  foundry,  a 
paper-mili,  a  grist-mill,  a  graded  school,  a  woollen-mill,  and 
a  sash-  and  blind-factory.     Pop.  630;  of  township,  2109. 

Richmond  West,  a  village  in  Carleton  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  Goodwood  River,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Stittsville.  It 
has  4  churches,  3  hotels,  a  number  of  stores,  and  several 
saw-  and  grist-mills.     Pop.  487. 

Rich  Mount'ain,  a  township  of  Cleveland  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  751. 

Rich  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  Co.,  N.C. 

Rich  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  W.  Va., 

15  miles  N.E.  of  Beverly. 

Richnow,  a  village  of  Austria.     See  Reichenau. 

Rich  Patch,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co.,  Va. 

Rich  Point,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co..  Ark. 

Rich  Pond  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  at  Rich  Pond  Sta- 
tion, 8  miles  S.  of  Bowling  Green.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  high  school. 

Rich  Prairie,  pru'ree,  post-office,  Morrison  co.,  Minn. 

Rich  Square,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  North- 
ampton CO.,  N.C,  80  miles  E.N.E.  of  Raleigh.     Pop.  3133. 

Kichtenbcrg,  riK'ten-b4RG\  a  town  of  Prussia,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Stralsund,  on  a  small  lake.     Pop.  1934. 

RichtensAveil,riK't§ns-\^ir,orRichtersweil,riK'- 
t?rs-*ir,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  13  miles  S.E,  of  Zurich, 
on  the  S.  shore  of  its  lake.     Pop.  3557. 

Rich'ton,  a  village  of  Cook  co..  111.,  in  Rich  township, 
on  tho  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  29  miles  S.  of  Chicago, 
and  1  mile  S.  of  Mattison.     It  has  3  churches. 

Rich  VaI'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wabash  co.,  Ind.,  on 
tho  Wabash  River  and  the  Wabash  Railroad,  about  10  miles 
E.  of  Peru.     It  has  a  church  and  a  mill. 

Rich  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Dakota  co.,  Minn.,  about 

16  miloj  S.  of  St.  Paul.    Near  it  are  3  churches 


Rich  Valley,  a  township  of  McLeod  co.,  Minn.  P.  697. 

Rich  Valley,  a  post-oflice  of  Smyth  co.,  Va. 

Rich^view',  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  111.,  on 
the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  11  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Centralia, 
and  25  miles  N.  of  Duquoin.  It  has  a  seminary,  a  bank, 
4  churches,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  ploughs,  and  castot 
oil.     Pop.  in  1890,  465. 

Richview,  a  post-village  in  Peel  co.,  Ontario,  3i  miles 
from  Malton.     Pop.  100. 

Rich'ville,  or  Fran'kenhilf,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tus- 
cola  CO.,  Mich.,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Vassar. 

Richville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Douglas  co..  Mo.,  60  miles 
S.E.  of  Marshfield.     It  has  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  Ac. 

Richville,  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.    See  Pkmbuokk. 

Richville,  a  post-village  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y., 
in  De  Kalb  township,  on  the  Oswegatchie  River,  1  milo 
from  Richville  Station  of  the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdens- 
burg  Railroad,  and  26  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Ogdensburg.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  or  3 
saw-mills.     Pop.  about  600. 

Richville,  a  post-village  in  Perry  ^ownship,  Stark  co., 
0.,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Massillon,  and  about  6  miles  S.W.  of 
Canton.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Richville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Shoreham  township,  Ad- 
dison CO.,  Vt.,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Rutland,  and  2  miles  from 
East  Shoreham.     It  has  a  manufactory  of  butter-tubs. 

Rich'wood,  a  township  of  Calhoun  co..  111.     P.  1111. 

Richwood,  a  township  of  Peoria  co..  111.     Pop.  1239. 

Rich  wood,  a  post-office  of  Boone  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Cin- 
cinnati Southern  Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of  Cincinnati. 

Richwood,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Becker  co., 
Minn.,  11  miles  N.  of  Detroit.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  saw-mill.    Pop.  213. 

RichAVOod,  township,  McDonald  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  833. 

Richwood,  a  township  of  Miller  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1361. 

Richwood,  a  post-village  in  Claiborne  township.  Union 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad,  50  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Mansfield,  and  about  16  miles  N.W.  of  Dela- 
ware.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  money-order  post-office, 
2  banks,  4  churches,  and  manufactures  of  furniture  and 
woollen  yarn..    Pop.  about  1500. 

Richwood,  a  post-village  of  Dodge  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  6  miles  N.AV.  of 
Watertown.  It  has  2  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  saw-mill. 

Richwood,  township,  Richland  co..  Wis.     Pop.  1140. 

Rich'wood,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  river  Nith,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  (Buffalo 
division),  26  miles  E.S.E.  of  Stratford.     Pop.  150. 

Richwoods,  a  post-office  of  Delaware  co.,  Ind.,  12 
miles  E.  of  Anderson. 

Richwoods,  a  post-village  in  Richwoods  township, 
Washington  co..  Mo.,  about  50  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It 
has  2  churches.  Lead  is  mined  in  the  township.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1127. 

Rick'ardsville,  a  post-hamlct  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa, 
about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Dubuque. 

Rick'er's  Mills,  a  station  in  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  on 
the  Montpelier  <fc  Wells  River  Railroad,  25  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Montpelier. 

Rick'mansAvorth,  or  Rick'mersworth,  a  town 
of  England,  co.  of  Herts,  on  a  railway,  and  on  the  Grand 
Junction  Canal,  10  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Albans.  Pop.  of 
parish,  5737,  most  employed  in  manufactures  of  silk,  hair- 
cloth, straw  plait,  paper,  and  flour. 

Rickreal,  rik-re-awl',  a  small  river  of  Polk  co.,  Oregon, 
runs  nearly  eastward,  and  enters  the  Willamette  River 
about  3  miles  above  Salem. 

Rickreal,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  Oregon,  on  tho 
Rickreal  River,  about  10  miles  W.  of  Salem. 

Ricks,  a  township  of  Christian  co..  111.     Pop.  1606. 

Rico,  ree'ko,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dolores  co..  Col., 
about  25  miles  S.W.  of  Silverton.     Pop.  in  1890,  li;u. 

Ricocerno,  re-ko-sfin'no,  or  Ricovcrnovick,  re-ko 
vSn'no-vik,  a  river  of  Europe,  rises  in  the  mountain-range 
between  Montenegro  and  Dalmntia,  flows  S.E.,  and  falls 
into  the  Lake  of  Scutari.     Length,  60  miles. 

Ricote,  re-ko'tA,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  27 
miles  N.W.  of  Murcia.     Pop.  1098. 

Ridderkcrk,  rid'd?r-kfiRk\  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  South  Holland,  in  the  island  of  Yssclmonde,  6 
miles  S.E.  of  Rotterdam.     Pop.  of  commune,  6149. 

Rid'dicksville,  a  post-office  of  Hertford  co.,  N.C. 

Riddles,  rid'd^lz,  a  station  in  Halifa.t  co.,  N.C,  on  the 
Wilmington  &  Weldon  Railroad,  13  miles  S.  of  Weldon. 

Riddlesburg,  rid'd?lz-burg,  a  post-village  of  Bedford 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Raystown  Branch  of  the  Juniata  River,  and 


RID 


^8 


RID 


m  the  nuBtlngdon  A  Broad  Top  Railrotid,  80  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Iluntingtion.     It  hns  ii  churoh.     Coal  it  found  heft>. 
Kiddle's  Cross  Iloads,  po«t-olfice,  Butlor  co.,  Pa. 
Itiddleton,  rid'd^l-tQn,  pust-office,  Smith  en.,  Tenn. 
lliddleville,  rid'd?l-vll,  a  post-villago  of  Waahington 
00.,  Oa.,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Daviiborough.     It  has  2  ohurohos 
and  a  seminary.     Pop.  about  200. 

Riddloville»  a  post-villnge  of  Karnes  oo.,  Tex.,  40 
miles  S.  of  Luling. 

Kideau  (roe'dO')  Lake,  in  Leeds  oo.,  Ontario,  is  tho 
•ummit-lovol  of  the  Ridenu  Canal.  It  is  about  24  miles 
long,  averages  0  miles  in  breadth,  and  is  ikbout  283  feet 
above  tho  vrnters  of  the  Ottawa  on  one  side,  and  154-  foot 
above  tlio  surface  of  Lalce  Ontario  on  the  other,  and  has  its 
outlet  in  the  Ottawa  through  Kidoau  River,  and  in  Lake 
Ontario  through  the  Cataraqui. 

Kideau  Kiver  and  Canal,  in  Ontario,  connect 
Kingston  on  Lake  Ontario  with  tlie  Ottawa  River,  below 
the  Chaudidre  Falls.  The  canal  is  partly  formed  by  tho 
Cataraqui  River,  which  flows  to  Kingston  from  Lake  Rideau, 
in  lat.  44°  40'  N.,  l9n.  70°  15'  W, 

Ki'dcr,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ualtimoro  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Northern  Central  Railroad,  9i  miles  N.  of  Baltimore.  It 
has  a  church. 

Rider's  Milts,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y., 
on  Kinderhook  Creek,  li  miles  from  Rider's  Mill  Station 
of  tho  Ilarlcm  Extension  Railroad,  and   about  IS  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Albany. 
Kider's  Mill  Station,  New  York.  SceGnEEN  Buook. 
Kidge,  rjj,  a  post-oflice  of  Fayette  co.,  Ala. 
Kidge,  a  township  of  Jackson  co..  III.     Pop.  105S. 
Kidgc,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  111.     Pop.  1 139. 
Kidge,  a  township  of  Union  oo..  111.     Pop.  940. 
Kidge,  a  township  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas.     P.  496. 
Kidgc,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Mary's  co.,  Md.,  about  6 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Point  Lookout. 

Kidge,  a  post-office  of  Pipe  Stone  co.,  Minn. 
Kidge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y.,  3  miles 
from  Mount  Morris,  and  about  40  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Roches- 
ter.    It  has  a  church. 

Kidgc,  a  post-hamlet  of  Noble  co.,  0.,  in  Jackson  town- 
ship, 8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Dexter  City.     , 

Kidge,  a  township  of  Van  Wert  co.,  0.     Pop.  1406. 
Kidge,  a  township  of  Wyandot  co.,  0.     Pop.  584. 
Kidgc,  Edgefield  co.,  S.C.     See  Ridge  Spuing. 
Kidge,  a  township  of  Williamsburg  co.,  S.C.     P.  1426. 
Kidgebiiry,  rlj'b^r-re,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfield  co.. 
Conn.,  4  or  5  miles  S.W.  of  Danbury.     It  has  a  church. 

Kidgebury,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Wawayanda  township,  about  4  miles  S.  of  Middlctown.  It 
has  2  churches.  It  is  2i  miles  from  the  New  Jersey  Mid- 
land Railroad. 

Kidgebury,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Ridgcbury  township,  about  12  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Elmira, 
N.Y.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1476. 

Kidgedale,  rij'dal,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Des  Moines  River,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  the  city  of 
Des  Moines.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  woollen-mill. 

Kidge  Farm,  a  post-village  in  Elwood  township,  Ver- 
milion CO.,  III.,  on  the  Paris  &  Danville  Railroad,  17  miles 
S.  of  Danville.     It  has  several  stores. 

Kidgelield,  rij'feeld,  a  post-village  in  Ridgefield  town- 
shi]),  Fairfield  co.,  Conn.,  on  the  Danbury  &  Norwalk  Rail- 
road, 11  miles  S.W.  of  Bethel,  and  15  miles  N.  of  Norwalk. 
It  has  several  churches,  a  savings-bank,  and  manufactures 
of  spring  beds,  carriages,  and  leather.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
shin  in  1890,  2235. 

Kidgefield,  a  post-village  in  Dorr  township,  Mcllenry 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  46  miles 
N.W.  of  Chicago,  and  oj  miles  S.E.  of  Woodstock.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Kidgelield,  a  post-h.amlet  of  Bergen  oo.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Northern  Railroad,  9i  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City.  It  has  a 
large  summer  hotel  and  2  churches. 

Kidgefield,  a  station  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad 
(Chicago  division),  4  miles  W.  of  Fostoria,  0. 

Ridgefield,  a  township  of  Huron  co.,  0.     Pop.  2533. 
Kidgelield  Park,  a  station  of  the  New  .Jersey  Mid- 
land and  .lersioy  City  &  Albany  Railroads,  Hi  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Jersey  City. 

Kidge  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  in 
South  Scituate  township,  17  miles  S.  of  Boston.  It  has 
manufactures  of  shoes. 

Kidgelaud,  rlj'land,  a  hamlet  of  Cook  oo.,  III.,  in  Cicero 
township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  7i  miles 
^'.  of  Chicago,  and  1  mile  from  Oak  Park  Post-Office. 


Ridgeland,  a  post-office  of  Ilcnry  co.,  0.,  about  13 

miles  N.  of  Ottawa. 

Ridgeley,  rlj'lc,  a  post-hamlet  of  Platte  co..  Mo.,  3  milei 
from  Edgerton  Station,  and  about  30  miles  N.  of  Kansas 
City.  It  has  2  churolies,  a  plough-factory,  and  a  furniture- 
factory.     Pop.  121, 

Ridgeley,  a  post-office  of  Dodge  oo.,  Neb.,  about  SO 
miles  N.W.  of  Fremont. 

Kidgely,  rlj'le,  a  post-office  of  Sangamon  co..  III. 

Kidgely,  a  post-village  of  Caroline  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Maryland  A  Delaware  Railroad,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Enston. 

Kidgely,  a  township  of  Nicollet  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  3rtl. 

Kidgc  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oneida  co.,  K.Y.,  iu 
Rome  township,  2  miles  from  Rome.     It  has  a  saw-mi!l. 

Ridgeport,  rlj'port,  a  hamlet  of  Boone  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Dodge  township,  8  miles  N.  of  Boone.  It  has  2  churchoi. 
Coal  is  found  hero. 

Ridge  Post,  a  post-office  of  Davidson  co.,  Tenn. 

Ridge  Prairie,  pr^l'ree,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Clair 
CO.,  111.,  about  16  miles  E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Ridge  Prairie,  a  post-bamlct  of  Saline  co.,  Mo., 
about  20  miles  W.  of  Boonville.     It  has  2  stores. 

Ridge  Road,  a  post-hamlet  of  Niagara  oo.,  N.Y.,  6} 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Lockport. 

Ridge's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.O. 

Ridge  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Pitt  co.,  N.C. 

Ridge  Spring,  a  village  and  station  of  Edgefield  co., 
S.C,  on  tho  Charlotte,  Columbia  A  Augusta  Railroad,  43 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Columbia.     Here  is  Ridge  Post-Ofiiee. 

Ridgetown,  rlj'town,  a  post-village  in  Bothwell  co., 
Ontario,  11  miles  S.S.E.  of  Thamesville.  It  contains  15 
stores,  a  woollen-factory,  a  flouring-mill,  several  churches 
antl  hotels,  2  saw-mills,  a  soap-factory,  Ac.     Pop.  000. 

Kidge  VaI'ley,  a  post-village  of  Floyd  co.,  Ua.,  IJ 
miles  from  the  Selma,  Rome  A  Dalton  Railroad.  It  has 
3  churches  and  an  iron-furnace.  Ridge  Valley  Station  ii 
8  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Rome. 

Ridge  View,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Pn., 
6  miles  N.E.  of  Mount  Pleasant,  and  about  35  miles  S.E. 
of  Pittsburg. 

Ridgeville,rlj'vll,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Iroquois 
CO.,  111.,  on  tho  Oilman,  Clinton  A  Springfield  Railroad,  5 
miles  S.W.  of  Gilman. 

Ridgeville,  a  post-village  in  Franklin  township,  Ran- 
dolph CO.,  Ind.,  on  tho  Mississinewa  River,  and  on  tho  Cin- 
cinnati, Richmond  A  Fort  Wayne  and  Pittsburg.  Cincinnati 
A  St.  Louis  Railroads,  9  miles  N.  of  Winchester,  and  59  miles 
S.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  has  2  churches,  2  flour-mills,  and  2 
saw-mills.  Pop.  716.  Hero  is  Ridgeville  College  (Free- 
Will  Baptist),  which  was  organized  in  1867. 

Ridgeville,  a  post-office  of  Swift  co.,  Minn. 

Ridgeville,  a  hamlet  of  Brookhaven  township,  Suffolk 
CO.,  N.Y.,  5  miles  E.  of  Coram. 

Ridgeville,  a  post-office  of  Caswell  co.,  N.C. 

Ridgeville,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  0.  Pop.  784. 
It  contains  Ridgeville  Corners. 

Ridgeville,  or  Ridgeville  Centre,  a  village  of 
Lorain  co.,  0.,  in  Ridgeville  township,  on  the  Lake  Shore 
Railroad,  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cleveland.  It  has  several 
churches.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1477.  It  contains  North 
Ridgeville. 

Ridgeville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  0.,  about  18 
miles  S.  of  Dayton.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  100. 

Ridgeville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Colleton  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
South  Carolina  Railroad,  31  miles  N.W.  of  Charleston.  It 
has  a  church  and  4  stores.     Pop.  about  300. 

Ridgeville,  a  ham!et  of  Moore  co.,  Tenn.,  10  miles 
from  TuIIahoma.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  an 
academy. 

Ridgeville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mineral  co.,  W.  Va,,  8 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Keyser.     It  has  a  church. 

Ridgeville,  a  post-h.amlet  in  Ridgeville  township, 
Monroe  CO.,  Wis.,  about  36  miles  E.  of  La  Cros.»e.  Tiie 
township  is  intersected  by  tho  Chicago  A  Northwestern 
Railroad.     It  contains  Norwalk.     Pop.  of  township,  1146. 

Ridgeville,  rij'vil,  a  post-village  in  Monck  co.,  On- 
tario, 8i  miles  W.  of  Port  Robinson.     Pop.  100. 

Ridgeville  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  in  Ridgeville 
township,  Henry  co.,  0.,  about  9  miles  N.W.  of  Napoleon. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Ridgcway,  rlj'wa,  a  post-village  of  Winneshiek  co., 
Iowa,  in  Lincoln  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A 
St.  Paul  Railroad,  9  miles  S.E.of  Creseo,  and  10  or  II  miles 
W.  of  Dccorah.  It  has  2  oburohes,  a  flour-mill,  Ao.  Pop. 
about  350. 

Ridgcway,  a  post-hamlet  of  Osage  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Ridgcway  township,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Lawrense  A  Western 


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RIG 


Bailroad,  26  miles  W.S.W.of  Lawrence,  and  about  15  miles 
•  S.S.E.  of  Topeka.     It  has  2  churches.     Coal  abounds  in 
the  township.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1720. 

Ridgeway,  a  post-village  of  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  N.  boundary  of  Ridgeway  township,  4  miles  E.  of  Te- 
'  cumsch,  and  about  10  miles   N.E.  of  Adrian.     It  has  .3 
'  churches  and  3  saw-mills.     Pop.  2o0;  of  township,  1059. 
Ridgeway,  or  Ridgeway  Station,  a  village  in 
Lenox  township,  Macomb  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Grand  Trunk 
Kailroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  St.  Clair  &  Chicago  Air- 
j  Line,  41  miles  N.N.E.  of  Detroit,  and  21  miles  S.W.  of  Port 
j  Huron.     It  is  a  terminus  of  the  Michigan  Air-Line  Rail- 
road, and  is  an  important  shipping-point.     It  has  several 
It  churches,  an  elevator,  a  flour-mill,  &c.     The  name  of  its 
'  post-office  is  Leno.\. 

Ridgeway,  a  post-hamlet  of  Winona  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Pleasant  Hill  township,  about  12  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Winona. 
Ridgeway,  a  post-villago  in  Ridgeway  township,  Or- 
leans CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Ridge  Road,  near  the  Erie  Canal, 
about  40  miles  N.E.  of  Bntfalo.  It  has  a  church.  It  is 
sometimes  called  Ridgeway  Corners.  Pop.  118.  The  town- 
ship is  drained  by  Oak  Orchard  Creek,  and  contains  the 
greater  part  of  the  large  village  of  Medina.  Pop.  of  town- 
ship, 5548.     Here  are  valuable  quarries  of  sandstone. 

Ridgeway,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Raleigh  k  Gaston  Railroad,  57  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Raleigh. 
It  has  3  churches  and  a  large  hotel. 

Ridgeway,  a  post-villago  in  Hale  township,  Hardin 

CO.,  0.,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Marion  with  Belle- 

fontaine,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  the  latter.     It  has  a  church,  a 

earriage-shop,  and  several  stores. 

Ridgeway,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co.,  S.C,  on  the 

I'  Charlotte,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  26  miles  N.  of 
Columbia,     It  has  4  churches  and  a  banking-house. 
Ridgeway,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Va.,  23  miles 
N.W.  of  Reidsville  Station,  N.C.     It  has  3  churches  and  2 
tobacco- factories. 

Ridgeway,  a  post-township  of  Iowa  co.,  Wis.,  about 
28  miles  W.S.W.  of  Madison.     Pop.  2473. 
i    Ridgeway,  Ontario.     See  Point  Abino. 

Ridgewoud,  rij'wood,  a  post-village  of  Bergen  co., 
N.J.,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  5  miles  N.N.E.  of  Paterson, 
and  22  miles  from  New  York.  It  has  2  churches. 
I  Ridgewood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
I  Long  Island  Railroad,  27  miles  E.  of  Brooklyn,  llere  are 
the  Brooklyn  Water- Works. 

I  Ridgway,  rij'wa,  a  post-village  of  Gallatin  co..  111.,  on 
the  Springfield  &  Illinois  Southeastern  Railroad,  11  miles 
N.W.  of  Shawneetovvn.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 
:Pop.  about  300. 

Ridgway,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Elk  co..  Pa.,  in 
Ridgway  township,  on  the  Clarion  River,  and  on  the  Phila- 
pdelphia  &  Erie  Railroad,  118  miles  S.E.  of  Erie,  and  31 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Emporium.  It  contains  4  churches,  2 
newspaper  offices,  2  banks,  and  2  tanneries.  Leather, 
lumber,  and  coal  are  the  chief  articles  of  export.  Pop.  of 
the  township  in  1890,  3241 ;  of  the  village,  1903. 

Ridicondoli,  a  village  of  Italy.  See  Radicondoli. 
'•  Rid'ley  Park,  a  post-village  in  Ridley  township, 
iDelaware  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  &  Bal- 
itimore  Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  con- 
tains 2  churches,  a  large  summer  hotel,  and  numerous  hand- 
iiome  villas  and  residences. 

I  Ridley's  Station,  Vermont.  See  NoiiTn  Duxbury. 
(  Rid'leyville,  a  post-village  of  Delaware  co..  Pa.,  in 
Ridley  township,  at  Moore's  Station,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Phila- 
«lelphia.     It  has  2  churches. 

Ridott',  a  post-village  of  Stephenson  co.,  111.,  in  Ridott 
iownship,  on  the  Chicago  k  Northwestern  Railroad  (Free- 
sort  Line),  7i  miles  E.  of  Freeport,  and  20i  miles  W.  of 
Hockford.  It  has  a  church,  5  stores,  and  an  active  trade  in 
p-ain,  Ac.  Pop.  about  400;  of  the  township,  1915. 
Riduna,  the  ancient  name  of  Aldernev. 
Ried,  reet,  a  town  of  Upper  Austria,  25  miles  S.  of 
Passau.  Pop.  4044.  It  has  manufactures  of  linens  and 
"TOollens,  and  a  brisk  transit  trade. 

Riedlingen,  reet'ling-§n,  a  town  of  Wiirtemborg,  on 
he  Danube,  28  miles  S.W.  of  Ulm.     Pop.  2144. 

Riegel,  ree'gh^l,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the  Eltz,  and  on 
he  Mannheim  A  Basel  Railway,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Frei- 
)urg.     Pop.  1462. 

Ricgclsville,  ree'gh§ls-vil,  a  post-village  of  Warren 
I*,,  N.J.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Belvidere  Dela- 
ware Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Phillipsburg.  It  has  a  paper- 
'nill,  a  grist-mill,  1  or  2  saw-mills,  and  2  churches.  It  is 
lonnected  with  Riegelsville,  Pa.,  by  a  bridge. 
,    Uicgelsville,  or  Reiglesville,  a  post-village  in 


Durham  township,  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Delaware  River, 
about  9  miles  below  Easton.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  car- 
riage-shop. It  is  i  mile  from  the  Belvidere  Delaware 
Railroad,  at  Riegelsville,  N.J.     Pop.  about  300. 

Riegerschlag,  ree'gh^rs-shliG^  a  village  of  Bohemia, 
about  24  miles  S.E.  of  Tabor.     Pop.  1107. 

Kichen,  ree'§n,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  3 
miles  N.E.  of  Basel.     Pop.  1799. 

Ricka,  re-d'kfl,,  a  town  of  Montenegro,  on  a  small  stream 
which  falls  into  the  N.W.  extremity  of  Lake  Scutari,  11 
miles  S.E.  of  Catt.aro. 

Rienzi,  re-en'zo,  a  post-village  of  Aloorn  co..  Miss.,  on 
the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Corinth,  and 
about  50  miles  E.  of  Holly  Springs.  It  has  a  money-order 
post-office,  4  churches,  a  foundry,  and  2  steam  grist-mills. 
Pop.  estimated  at  500. 

lliesa,  ree'zi,  a  town  of  Saxony,  circle  of  Dresdeh,  on 
the  Elbe,  and  on  the  Dresden  Railway,  12  miles  N.W.  of 
Meissen.  Pop.  5707.  It  has  ship-yards  and  a  manufac- 
tory of  tapestry, 

Ricsenbnrg,  ree'z?n-bo6RG^  (Polish,  Prahutha,  pri- 
boo'tJ),  a  town  of  West  Prussia,  11  miles  E.  of  Marien- 
werder.     Pop.  3542. 

Riesen-Gebirge,  ree'z§n-gh§h-b5eRG'?h  ("giant 
mountains"),  a  mountain-range  separating  Bohemia  from 
Prussian  Silesia,  continuous  E.  with  the  Sudeten-Gebirge, 
and  W.  with  the  Erz-Gebirge.  Length,  from  N.W.  to  S.E., 
60  miles.  Principal  height,  the  Schneekoppe,  5394  feet  in 
elevation.     The  Elbe  rises  on  its  S.  side. 

Riesenkoppe,  Germany.    Sec  Schneekoppe. 

Riesi,  re-i'see,  a  town  of  Sicily,  14  miles  S.  of  Caltani- 
setta.     Pop.  11,548.     Near  it  are  some  sulphur-mines. 

Rictberg,  reet'bftRO,  or  Rittberg,  ritt'bSRG,  a  town 
of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Minden,  on 
the  Ems.     Pop.  1912, 

Ricti,  re-i'te  (anc.  liea'te),  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Umbria, 
on  the  Velino,  42  miles  N.N.E.  of  Rome.  Pop.  14,148.  It 
was  erected  into  a  bishopric  in  the  fifth  century,  and  its 
principal  edifices  are  ecclesiastical. 

Ricumes,  re-um',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute-Garonne, 
10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Muret.     Pop.  1190. 

Rieupeyroux,  re-uh^pi'roo',  a  town  of  France,  In 
Aveyron,  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Rodez. 

Ricux,  re-uh',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute-Garonne,  26 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Toulouse.     Pop.  1452. 

Ricux,  a  market-town  of  France,  in  Morbihan,  on  the 
Vilaine,  30  miles  E.  of  Vannes.     Pop.  1794. 

Rieux,  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  arrondissement  of 
Cambrai.     Pop.  2206. 

Riez,  rc-i,'  (anc.  Jieii),  a  town  of  France,  in  Basses- 
Alpes,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Digne.     Pop.  2370. 

lli'fle  River,  Michigan,  runs  southward  in  Ogemaw 
CO.,  and  southeastward  through  Bay  co.,  and  enters  Saginaw 
Bay  about  5  miles  E.  of  Arenac.    It  is  nearly  70  miles  long, 

RiPton  Glen,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Esopus  township,  on  the  Wallkill,  2i  miles  from  Roscndalo, 
It  has  1  or  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Riga,  ree'gS,,  a  city  and  commercial  port  of  Russia, 
capital  of  Livonia,  on  the  Diina,  here  crossed  in  summer 
by  a  temporary  bridge  of  boats,  2400  feet  in  length,  about 
5  miles  above  its  mouth  in  the  Gulf  of  Riga,  and  312  miles 
S.W.  of  St.  Petersburg.  Lat.  56°  67'  N. ;  Ion.  24°  6'  30" 
E.  A  railway  138  miles  in  length  extends  from  Riga  to 
Diinaburg,  where  it  connects  with  the  great  line  of  railway 
from  St.  Petersburg  to  Warsaw,  The  city  is  situated  on  a 
sandy  flat,  surrounded  by  hills,  on  which  numerous  fine 
villas  make  a  showy  appearance.  It  consists  of  the  town 
proper,  and  suburbs  more  extensive  than  the  town  itself. 
The  more  modern  parts  of  the  town  are  well  built.  Along 
the  river,  on  both  sides,  are  spacious  quays,  which  afford  ex- 
cellent promenades ;  and  the  esplanade  and  gardens,  both 
within  and  near  the  town,  are  well  laid  out.  The  principal 
structures  are  the  cathedral,  rebuilt  in  1547 ;  the  church  of 
St.  Peter,  with  a  tower  440  feet  in  height ;  the  castle,  with 
a  chancery  and  residence  of  the  general  and  civil  governors, 
hall  of  the  provincial  states,  town  house,  exchange,  arsenal, 
and  a  magnificent  column  with  a  colossal  bronze  statue  of 
Victory,  erected  in  1817.  It  has  several  colleges,  a  school 
of  navigation  and  various  other  schools,  a  public  library, 
a  cabinet  of  natural  history,  an  observatory,  a  society 
of  Lithuanian  literature,  manufactories  of  cotton  cloth 
and  rugs,  sugar-refineries,  tobacco-factories,  and  brew- 
eries. The  inner  harbor  does  not  admit  vessels  drawing 
more  than  from  12  to  15  feet  of  water;  ships  of  larger 
burden  load  and  unload  outside  of  the  bar  at  the  mouth  of 
the  DUna,  where  is  the  custom-house.  Its  principal  mer- 
chants are  of  German  descent.    Grain,  flax  and  flaxseed, 


KIO 


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lieinp,  wool,  hides,  tnllow,  linibor,  tobnoco,  ipar8,and  feiithorg 
are  the  cliief  exports.     Pop.  in  1888,  105,663. 

Ui'gn,  a  post-village  in  Riga  township,  Lenawee  oo., 
Miuh.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  ifc  Michigan  Southern  Railroad, 
12  luilcs  S.E.  of  Adrian.  It  has  several  churches  and  n 
iiianufnctory  of  staves.    Pop.  of  the  township  in  1 800,  2H0 1 . 

lliga,  or  Riga  Centre,  n  post-humlet  in  Riga  town- 
shii),  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Rochostor.  It  has 
»  cliurch  and  about  30  houses.  Hero  is  Riga  Post-OfRco. 
The  township  contains  Churohville,  which  is  on  the  New 
York  Coniral  Railroad.     Pop.  of  township,  1999. 

Ilignud,  roo'gC',  a  village  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Vaudreuil, 
on  tiie  Riviere  il  la  Qntisse,  45  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Montreal. 
It  is  the  seat  of  Rigaud  College  and  of  a  convent.     P.  250. 

Kig'don,  a  post-village  of  Madison  and  Qrant  cos., 
Ind.,  in  4  townships,  about  22  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Anderson. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop. 
about  200. 

Riggs,  a  post-office  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Sabula, 
Acklcy  A  Dakota  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Delmar. 

Riggs'bce's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Chatham  oo.,  N.C. 

Riggs'ton,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  III.,  on  the  Rook- 
ford,  Rock  Island  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  5  miles  N.of  Win- 
chester. 

Riggs'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Stone  oo..  Ark.,  about  30 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Batesville. 

Righi  Culm,  ree'gheo  koolm,  or  Rigi,  reo'ghce,  a 
mountain  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  8  miles  W.  of  Sohwytz, 
between  the  lakes  of  Zug  and  Lucerne,  5905  feet  above  the 
8ca.  It  is  ascended  by  a  steam  railway,  and  commands 
magnificent  views ;  on  its  summit  is  an  inn,  and  on  its  E. 
side,  a  chapol,  resorted  to  by  numerous  pilgrims. 

Rigiiac,  reen'ylk',  a  town  of  France,  in  Avoyron,  14 
milos  W.N.W.  of  Rodez.     Pop.  1850, 

Rigiiano,  reen-yi'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and 
11  miles  E.S.E.  of  Florence,  on  tbo  Arno.     Pop.  4538. 

Rigiiano,  a  village  of  Italy,  Naples,  province  of  Foggia. 
Pop.  20C7. 

Rigiiy  le  Feron,  reen'yee'  I^h  f?h-r&N»',  a  village  of 
Franco,  in  Aube,  21  miles  W.S.W.  of  Troyes.     Pop.  1291. 

Rigolato,  re-go-li'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  38  miles  N.N.AV. 
of  Udine.     Pop.  1407. 

Rigolet  do  Bon  Dieu,  re^goMi'  d§h  bo>'»  d^-uh', 
Louisiana,  is  one  of  two  channels  into  which  Red  River 
divides,  about  5  miles  above  Natchitoches.  It  runs  south- 
eastward nearly  45  miles,  and  reunites  with  the  other 
channel,  or  main  river,  at  Colfax. 

Rigolets,  re^go'li',  a  post-office  of  Orleans  parish,  La., 
on  the  New  Orleans,  Mobile  &  Texas  Railroad,  31  miles 
E.N.E.  of  New  Orleans. 

Rigolets  Bayou,  bi'oo,  of  Jefiferson  parish.  La.,  flows 
between  Lake  Washa  and  Little  Lake. 

Rigolets  Bayou,  of  Rapides  parish,  La.,  unites  with 
Red  River  a  little  above  Alexandria. 

Rigolets  Pass,  Louisiana,  a  narrow  navigable  channel 
or  outlet  by  which  Lake  Pontchartrain  communicates  with 
Lake  Rorgne  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

Rigyicza,  rid^yeet'soh\  or  Ilari  Leygen,  hi'ree 
li'gh^n,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Bdcs.     Pop.  3200. 

Riha,  a  village  of  Palestine.    See  Jericho. 

Riiiursi,  rc-hur'sec,  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Punjab, 
on  the  Chcnaub,  90  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lahore.  Near  it  is 
one  of  the  strongest  forts  in  the  country. 

Ryanovkn,  re-y&-nov'k&,  a  market-town  of  Russia, 
government  and  91  miles  S.  of  Kiev.     Pop.  1600. 

Ryu,  a  river  of  Europe.    See  Rhine. 

Riip,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.     Seo  Ryp. 

Rijsbergen,  Netherlands.    See  Rysbergen. 

R^ssel,  a  town  of  France.    See  Lille. 

Rijssen,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.     Seo  Ryssex. 

Ryswijk,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Rvswick. 

Rika,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Fiume. 

Ri'kcr's  IIoL'low,  a  post-office  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y., 
about  42  miles  N.\V.  of  Elmira. 

Ri'ley,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  Kansas, 
has  an  area  of  about  61 S  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Big  Blue  River,  and  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Kan- 
sas River.  The  Republican  Fiiver  touches  the  S.W.  part 
of  the  county.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  diversilied 
by  upland  prairies  and  groves  of  trees.  The  soil  is  very 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  bay,  oats,  and  cattle  are  the 
stnple  products.  Among  its  mineral  resources  is  limestone. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Kansas  division  of  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  and  other  railroads.  Capital,  Man- 
hattan. Pop.  in  1870,5105;  in  1880, 10,430;  in  1890, 13,183. 

Riley,  a  hamlet  and  township  of  McHenry  co.,  III., 
about  24  miles  W.N.W.  of  Elgin.    Pop.  830. 


Riley,  a  post-hamlet  In  Riley  township,  Vigo  co.,  Ind. 
9  miles  S.E.  of  Torre  Haute.     Pop.  of  the  township,  '1492!* 

Riloy,  a  township  of  Ringgold  co.,  lowu.     Pop.' 320. 

Riley,  a  plantation  of  Oxford  co.,  Me.     Pop.  32. 

Riley,  a  jjost-township  of  Clinton  co.,  Mich.,  about  IJJ 
milos  N.W.  of  Lansing.     Pop.  1163. 

Riley,  a  township  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1576 

Riley,  Butler  CO.,  0.     Seo  Reilky. 

Riley,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  0.     Pop.  1084. 

Riley,  a  township  of  Sandusky  co.,  0.     Pop.  1401. 

Riley  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Riley  co.,  Kannas,  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Manhattan. 

Riley  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich., 
on  Belle  River,  about  20  miles  AV.  by  8.  of  Port  Huron. 

Riley's,  a  station  on  the  Owensborough  A  NashvilU 
Railroad,  15  miles  8.  of  Owensborough,  Ky. 

Riley's  Cross  Roads,  post-hamlet,  Franklin  co.,  N.C. 

Riley's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Ky.,  oii 
the  Knoxville  Branch  of  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Rail- 
road,  about  12  milos  E.  of  Lebanon. 

Ri'ley ville,  a  post-office  of  Saline  co.,  III.,  33  miles  \Y. 
by  N.  of  Shawnectown. 

Rileyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co..  Pa.,  11  miles 
N.  of  Honesdale.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Rillaer,  ril'l&r,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Brabant,25 
milos  N.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  2000. 

Rille,  reel,  a  river  of  France,  departments  of  Orne  and 
Euro,  joins  the  estuary  of  the  Seine  on  the  left,  after  a  N. 
course  of  75  miles. 

Rilsk,  a  town  of  Russia.    Seo  Rylsk. 

Rimac,  re-m4k',  a  river  of  Peru,  enters  the  Pacifle  at 
Callao,  4  miles  W.  of  Lima,  which  city  it  traverses.  Total 
course,  about  75  miles. 

Ri'man,  a  post-office  of  Archer  co.,  Tex. 

Rima  Szombath,  roe'm&  som'bOt\  or  Gross  Stef- 
felsdorf,  groce  stiff^ls-donP,  a  town  of  Hungary,  72 
miles  N.E.  of  Pesth,  on  the  Rima.     Pop.  4604. 

Riinbach,  rim'b&K,  a  town  of  Hesse,  provincoof  Stark- 
enburg,  about  15  miles  S.E.  of  Darmstadt.     Pop.  1703. 

Rimer,  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.    See  REiiiKnTON. 

Ri'mer8burg,or  Rei'mcrsburg,  a  post-borough  of 
Clarion  co..  Pa.,  in  Toby  township,  on  the  Sligo  Branch 
Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Sligo,  and  about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Franklin.  It  has  3  churches,  a  savings-bank,  and  a  coal- 
mine.    Pop.  324. 

Rimini,  ree'mc-ne,  or  Rimino,  ree'me-no  (anc.  Ari- 
minnm),  a  city  of  Italy,  on  the  Adriatic,  about  28  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Forli,  at  the  junction  of  the  Flaniinian  and 
^milian  Ways.  Lat.  44°  41'  N. ;  Ion.  12°  33'  E.  Pop. 
9747.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls  and  well  built;  its  principul 
edifices  are  a  cathedral  (one  of  the  finest  in  Italy),  and 
other  churches,  with  good  paintings,  town  hall,  government 
palace,  theatre,  Gambalunga  palace,  with  a  library  open  to 
the  public,  a  decaying  castle  of  the  Malatcsta,  and  several 
remains  of  antiquity,  including  a  triumphal  arch,  and  n 
bridge  over  the  Marecchia,  both  built  under  Augustus,  and 
portion  of  an  amphitheatre.  It  has  an  active  trade  in  fish, 
and  manufactures  of  silk,  glass,  and  earthenwares.  Rimini 
is  a  bishop's  see. 

Rimitara,  re-me-UL'r^,  orRimitera,  ro-me-t&'ri,  an 
island  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  S.  of  the  Society  Islands.  liat. 
22°37'S.;  Ion.  115°  30'  W. 

Rim'mon,  or  Rum'mon,  a  village  of  Palestine,  13 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Jerusalem. 

Rimmon  of  Zeb'ulon,  or  Rum'maneh,  a  village 
of  Palestine,  6  miles  N.  of  Nazareth. 

Rimiiik,  rim'nik,  also  called  Rymnic,  Slam-Rim- 
nik,andRomniculu-  (orRomnieni-)  Snrat,  atoirn 
of  Roumania,  on  the  Rimnik,  65  miles  N.E.  of  Bucharest. 
Pop.  6870. 

Rimnik,  or  Romnicu,  a  town  of  Roumania,  on  the 
Aloota,  100  miles  N.AV.  of  Bucharest,  and  43  miles  N.  of 
Slatina.     Pop.  5750. 

Rimont,  rce'mdN"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Aridge,  on  a 
height,  16  miles  W.  of  Foix.     Pop.  1952. 

Rimouski,  nee'moos^Keo'  or  re-moos'kee,  a  county  of . 
Quebec.  Area,  4931  square  miles.  The  St.  Lawrence  fofin* 
its  N.  boundary.     Capital,  Rimouski.     Pop.  27,418. 

Rimouski,  a  town  and  watering-place  of  Quebec, capi- 
tal of  the  above  county,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence, 
and  on  the  Intercolonial  Railway,  54i  miles  below  KiviJSre 
du  Loup  en  Bas.  It  contains  the  county  buildings,  a  cathe- 
dral, a  number  of  stores,  several  hotels,  Ac.  Vessels  of  the 
largest  tonnage  load  here  with  timber  for  foreign  ports.  The 
sea-bathing  facilities  here  induce  a  large  number  of  health- 
seekers  to  visit  it  during  the  hot  season.  It  is  a  Catholic 
bishop's  see.    Pop.  1185. 


1^^ 


RIM 


2281 


KIO 


Rimski-Korsakoff,  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Kadokala. 

Rin,  the  Spanish  name  of  the  RmxB. 

Rinard,  ri'nard,  a  post-villago  in  Bedford  township, 
Wiiynecc,  111.,  on  the  Springfield  division  of  the  Ohio  <fc 
Mississippi  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Flora.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  graded  school. 

Rinard's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  0. 

Rin'con',  a  post-village  of  San  Miguel  co.,  New  Mex- 
ico, about  160  miles  from  El  Moro,  Col.  Elevation,  7418 
feet.    It  has  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  500. 

Rincon  de  Soto,  rin-kon'  di  so'to,  a  town  of  Spain, 

17  miles  S.  of  Logroiio,  on  the  Ebro.     Pop.  1415. 
Rinde,  rind,  a  river  of  India,  rises  in  the  division  of 

Agra,  45  miles  N.E.  of  the  town  of  that  name,  flows  S.S.E., 
and,  after  a  course  of  166  miles,  joins  the  Jumna  12  miles 
AV.  of  Futtohpoor. 

Rindge,  rinj,  a  post-village  in  Rindge  township,  Chesh- 
ire CO.,  N.II.,  2  miles  from  Rindge  Station  of  the  Monadnock 
Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of  Peterborough,  and  about  16  miles 
N.W.  of  Fitchburg,  Mass.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  boxes,  wooden-ware,  &c.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1107. 
Rindge  Station  is  at  West  Rindge. 

Ri'neyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hardin  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville,  Paducah  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  41  miles  S. 
by  W.  of  Louisville. 

Ring,  a  post-office  of  Winnebago  co..  Wis. 

Riugars'ga,  or  Dunnegal',  a  small  island  of  Ire- 
lanil,  CO.  of  Cork,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Skibbereen. 

Ringelsdorf,  ring'^ls-donP,  a  village  of  Austria,  40 
miles  N.E.  of  Vienna,  where  the  Thaya  joins  the  March. 

Ringclshain,  ring'^ls-hin^,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  5 
miles  from  Gabel.     Pop.  1218. 

Ringgenberg,  rink'§n-bSRG\  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  27  miles  S.E,  of  Bern,  on  the  S.W.  shore  of 
15rienzer-See.     Pop.  1141. 

Ring'gold,  a  southern  county  of  Iowa,  bordering  on 
Missouri,  has  an  area  of  about  550  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Platte  River,  and  also  drained  by  two  or 
three  forks  of  Grand  River.  The  surface  is  undulating. 
1  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  cattle 
!  are  the  staple  products.  The  land  is  chiefly  prairie.  This 
'  county  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago,  Burlington  <fe  Quinoy 
Railroad,  and  other  railroads.  Capital,  Mount  Ayr.  Pop. 
in  IS70,669I :  in  1875,7546;  in  1880,12,085;  in  1890,13,556. 

Ringgold,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ala.,  about  75 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Iluntsville. 

Ringgold,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Catoosa  co.,  Ga., 
[  on  the  Western  &  Atlantic  Railroad,  15  miles  N.N.W.  of 
^  Dalton,  and  24  miles  S.E.  of  Chattanooga.  It  has  a  news- 
r  paper  ofiice,  3  churches,  and  a  masonic  institute.  Pop.  436. 

Ringgold,  a  post-hamlet  of  La  Grange  co.,  Ind.,  about 

18  miles  E.  of  Goshen. 

Ringgold,  a  post-office  of  Ringgold  co.,  Iowa. 
Ringgold,   a   post-village   of   Bienville  parish,    La., 
about  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Shreveport.     It  has  a  church  and 
a  seminary. 

Ringgold,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Md.,  9  or 
10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ilagerstown,  It  is  near  the  W.  base  of 
the  Blue  Ridge.     Pop.  156. 

Ringgold,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  0.,  in  Union 
township,  about  27  miles  S.  of  Zanesville.  It  has  a  church 
and  several  stores.     Pop.  79. 

Ringgold,  a  village  in  Walnut  township,  Pickaway 
CO.,  0.  about  7  miles  N.E.  of  Circleville.  Pop.  121.  Post- 
office,  East  Ringgold. 

j     Ringgold,  a  post-hamlet  in  Ringgold  township,  JcfFer- 
eon  CO.,  Pa.,  44  miles  S.E.  of  Oil  City.    It  has  a  church,  a 
'foundry,  and  a  wagon^shop.     Pop.  of  township,  1006. 
Ringgold,  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.    See  New  Ringgold. 
Ringgold,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Tenn.,  6 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Clarksville. 

Ilinggold,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  5i  miles  E.  of  Dan- 
ville.    It  has  2  churches. 

Ringkiobing,  or  RingKJobing,  ring'k'yo'bing,  a 
'caport  town  of  Denmark,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Jutland,  and 
)n  the  E.  side  of  Ringkiobing-Fiord,  66  miles  N.W.  of 
Ribc.  It  has  manufactures  of  tobacco,  leather,  and  sugar, 
md  a  good  general  trade.     Pop.  1646. 

Ringkidbing>Fiord,  ring'k'yo'bing-fe-ord',  a  lagoon 
'f  Denmark,  28  miles  in  length  by  9  miles  in  breadth.  It 
3  se]iarated  from  the  North  Sea  by  a  narrow  strip  of  land. 
Ringoes,  ring'goz,  a  post-village  in  East  Am  well  town- 
nip,  Hunterdon  oo.,  N.J.,  on  the  Flemington  Branch  of 
he  Belvidere  Delaware  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Lambert- 
ille._  It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 
■  Ringo's  (ring'goz)  Alills,  a  post-village  of  Fleming 
144 


CO.,  Ky.,  13  miles  from  Flemingsburg.  It  has  a  church,  » 
flour-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Ringo's  Point,  a  post-hamlct  of  Adair  co.,  Mo.,  IS 
miles  W.  of  Kirksville. 

Ringscnd,  ring'zfind,  a  suburb  of  Dublin,  Ireland,  IJ 
miles  E.  of  Dublin  Castle.  It  adjoins  Irishtown,  and  h.-u 
a  bridge  across  the  Dodder,  and  various  docks. 

Ring's  Point,  a  hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Eastern  Railroad,  and  on  the  Merrimac  River,  opposite 
Newburyport. 

Ringsted,  ring'stfid,  a  town  of  Denmark,  on  the  island 
of  Seeland,  36  miles  W.S.W.  of  Copenhagen.     Pop.  1869. 

Ring'town,  a  post-village  in  Union  township,  Schuyl- 
kill CO.,  Pa.,  on  Catawissa  Creek,  and  on  the  Catawissa  A 
Williamsport  Railroad,  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Tamaqua.  It 
has  3  churches  and  a  graded  school. 

Ring'ville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Worthington  township, 
Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  about  27  miles  N.W.  of  Springfield. 

Ringville,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co..  Pa. 

Ring'wood,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  18  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Southampton,  on  the  Avon,  and  on  the  Dor- 
chester Branch  of  the  Southwestern  Railway. 

Ring'wood,  a  post-hamlet  in  McIIenry  township, 
McIIenry  co.,  HI.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Rail- 
road, 54  miles  N.N.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  cheese-factory. 

Ringwood,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pompton  township,  Pas- 
saic CO.,  N.J.,  near  Greenwood  Lake,  and  on  the  Ringwood 
Branch  of  the  Montclair  &  Greenwood  Lake  Railroad,  38 
miles  N.N.W.  of  New  York  City.     Iron  ore  abounds  here. 

Ringwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Halifax  co.,  N.C.,  2  miles 
from  Enfield,  and  about  52  miles  N.E.  of  Raleigh.  It  has 
a  church  and  several  stores. 

Ringwood,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  2i 
miles  from  StoufFville.     Pop.  130. 

Ringwood  Junction,  a  station  in  Passaic  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  Montclair  &  Greenwood  Lake  Railroad,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Ringwood  Branch,  3  miles  S.  of  Ringwood,  and 
15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Greenwood  Lake  Station. 

Ringwood  3Iiues,  a  station  in  Passaic  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Montclair  Railroad,  29  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Newark. 

Ringwood  River  rises  in  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  runs 
southward  through  Passaic  co.,  N.J.,  and  unites  near 
Pompton  with  the  Pequannock  to  form  the  Pompton  River. 

Rink'clville,  a  post-office  of  St.  Louis  co..  Mo. 

Riukcnis,  rin'k^h-nis,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Slcs- 
wick,  on  the  N.  side  of  Flensborg  Fiord,  9  miles  N.E.  of 
Flensburg.     Pop.  1067. 

Rinkjobing,  a  town  of  Denmark.    See  Ringkiubino. 

Rintein,  rin'tfiln,  a  fortified  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse- 
Nassau,  on  the  Weser,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Minden.     P.  3058. 

Rio,  ree'o,  a  Spanish  and  Portuguese  word  signifying 
"  river,"  forming  the  prefix  to  numerous  names.  For  names 
with  this  prefix  not  found  below,  see  the  additional  name. 

Rio,  a  city  and  bay  of  Brazil.     See  Rio  Janeiuo. 

Rio,  ri'o,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  111.,  in  Rio  town- 
ship, on  the  St.  Louis,  Rock  Island  &  Chicago  Railroad,  21 
miles  N.E.  of  Monmouth,  and  about  12  miles  N.  of  Gales- 
burg.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1133. 

Rio,  a  post-office  of  Hart  co.,  Ky.,  on  Green  River,  10 
miles  from  Munfordville. 

Rio,  a  hamlet  of  Kemper  co.,  Miss.,  20  miles  N.  of 
Meridian.     It  has  2  or  3  churches. 

Rio,  a  post-village  in  Otsego  township,  Columbia  co., 
Wis.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  13 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Portage  City.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
graded  school.     Pop.  300. 

Rio  Animas,  Colorado.    See  Animas  Riveh. 

Rio  Arriba,  ree'o  ar-ree'Bi,  a  county  in  the  N.W. 
part  of  New  Mexico,  intersected  by  the  Rio  Grande  del 
Norte.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  mountains,  table- 
lands, and  valleys.  The  soil  mostly  requires  irrigation  to 
render  it  fertile.  Indian  corn,  grass,  and  wool  are  the 
staples.  Area,  7150  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railro.ad.  Capital,  Tierra  Amarilla. 
Pop.  in  1870,  9294;  in  1880,  11,023;  in  1890,  11,534. 

Riobamba,  or  Nuevo  Riobamba,  nwA'vo  re-o- 
Bira'bi,  a  town  of  Ecuador,  84  miles  N.E.  of  Guayaquil, 
and  9  miles  from  the  ruins  of  Old  Riobamba,  which  is  at 
the  foot  of  Chimborazo  and'  was  destroyed  by  an  earth- 
quake in  1797.     It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  20,000. 

Rio  Bonito,  ree'o  bo-hee'to,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state 
and  23  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rio  Janeiro. 

Rio  Branco,  ree'o  brin'ko  (i.e.,  "white  river"),  or 
Parima,  jii-ree'mS,,  a  river  of  Brazil,  state  of  Pard, 
rises  near  the  source  of  the  Orinoco,  in  lat.  3°  N.,  Ion.  .64° 
W.,  runs  at  first  E.,  to  its  junction  with  the  Takutu,  and 


•KIO 


2282 


RIO 


tbenM  flows  mostly  P.S.W.  to  the  Rio  Negro,  which  it  joins 
M  its  principal  aflSuent,  by  several  mouths,  70  miles  8.B. 
of  Baroellos.  Total  course,  70U  miles.  The  principal  trib- 
uUvrios  are  the  Takutu  and  Catrimani.  In  lat.  1°  45'  N. 
its  nnvlj;ation  is  impodod  by  a  series  of  fulls  and  rapids 
fonnoU  by  ledges  of  granite  rock.  The  aggregate  perpen- 
dicular descent  of  these  throughout  7  miles  is  estimated 
at  60  feet.  Its  waters  are  opaaue  and  whitish,  whence  its 
name.  The  upper  part  of  the  river  San  Miguel,  in  Brazil, 
has  the  same  nauio. 
Rio  llrnvo  del  Norte,  America.  See  Rio  Orande. 
Ilio  Carabelle,  roo'o  k&-r&-b{l',  a  post-hamlet  of 
Franklin  co.,  Fla.,  on  the  W.  end  of  James  Island,  in  Dog 
Island  Harbor,  Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  is  about  60  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Tallahassee. 

Rio  Caribe,  ree'o  k&-ree'D&,  a  seaport  of  Venezuela, 
on  the  Caribbean  Sea,  80  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Cumand. 

Rio  Chico,  ree'o  ohoe'ko,  a  seaport  of  Venezuela,  state 
of  Bolivar,  65  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cardcas.     Pop.  4940. 
Rio  Colorado.    See  Colorado  Riter. 
Rio  Conejos,  ree'o  ko-ni'uoce,  a  river  of  Colorado, 
rises  in  the  S.  part  of  the  state,  runs  E.  and  N.E.  through 
San  Luis  Park,  and  enters  the  Rio  Grande. 

Rio  Culebra,  ree'o  koo-li'br&.,  a  small  river  of  Col- 
orado, drains  the  S.  part  of  Costilla  oo.,  runs  nearly  west- 
ward, and  enters  the  Rio  Grande. 

Rio  das  Alortes,  ree'o  dis  mon'tfis,  a  river  of  Brazil, 
state  of  Matto-Qrosso,  joins  the  Araguay.  Course,  N.  and 
E.,  500  miles. 

Rio  das  Mortes,  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the  state 
of  Minas-Geraes,  and  joins  the  Rio  Grande  on  the  right, 
near  the  village  and  port  of  Macaia.  Length,  120  miles. 
Rio  de  Contas,  ree'o  dk  kon't&5,  a  small  town  of 
Brazil,  state  and  230  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bahia,  nenr  the  head 
of  the  river  Contas  or  Jussiape,  which  flows  E.  220  miles 
to  the  Atlantic. 

Rio  de  Fuerte,  a  river  of  Me.\ico.  See  FuF.nTE. 
Rio  de  Janeiro,  ree'o  di  zhi-nd'e-ro,  the  metropoli- 
tan state  of  Brazil,  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  state  of 
Espirito  Santo,  the  Parahiba,  and  the  Serra  da  Manti- 
queirn,  which  separates  it  from  Minas-Geraes;  on  the  W. 
and  S.W.  by  the  state  of  Sao  Paulo;  and  on  the  S.  and 
E.  by  the  Atlantic.  Area,  26,634  square  miles,  including 
the  mitnicipio  netitro  which  surrounds  the  capital.  Lat.  21° 
15'  to  22°  23'  S. ;  Ion.  41°  to  44°  50'  W.  The  surface  is  low 
along  the  coast ;  the  interior  is  mostly  mountainous,  con- 
sisting of  the  Serra  do  Mar,  Organ  Mountains,  and  their 
ramilications.  The  principal  river  is  the  Parahiba.  The 
soil  is  extremely  fertile.  The  products  comprise  sugar, 
coffee,  cacao,  cotton,  maize,  rice,  indigo,  and  fine  woods. 
After  the  capital,  Rio  Janeiro  (or  Rio  de  Janeiro),  the 
prinei)>al  towns  are  Macahe,  Cantagallo,  Nictheroy,  and 
Rezende.  Pop.  (1888)  1,164,468.  See  Rio  Janeiro. 
Rio  de  la  Hacha,  South  America.  See  Rio  Hacra. 
Rio  de  la  Pasion,ree'oddlip&-se-on',ariver  which 
rises  in  Lake  Lacantun,  in  Balize,  flows  W.,  and  72  miles 
N.W.  of  Coban  (Guatemala),  having  been  joined  by  the 
rivers  Izabcl,  Mantaquece,  and  Sacapulas,  acquires  the 
name  of  Usitmasista  (which  see). 

Rio  de  la  Plata,  ree'o  d&  Id  pld'td,  or  the  Plate 
River,  one  of  the  great  rivers  or  rather  a  great  estuary, 
of  South  America,  formed  by  the  junction  of  the  Parand 
and  Uruguay  Rivers,  in  lat.  34°  S.,  Ion.  58°  30'  W.,  its 
basin  lying  S.  of  those  of  the  Amazon,  Tocantins,  and  Sao 
Francisco,  and  its  numerous  tributaries  draining  most  part 
of  the  Argentine  Republic,  Paraguay,  and  Uruguay  terri- 
tories, with  considerable  portions  of  Bolivia  and  Brazil. 
The  estuary  resulting  from  their  union  is  200  miles  in  length 
from  X.W.  to  S.E.,  and  where  it  joins  the  Atlantic  Ocean 
is  170  miles  across.  Its  muddy  waters  can  be  traced  in  the 
ocean  200  miles  from  its  mouth.  The  total  length  of  the 
La  Plata,  Parand,  and  Paraguay  has  been  estimated  at 
nearly  2500  miles;  and  from  the  ocean  to  the  island  of 
Apipc,  in  the  Parand,  at  least  1250  miles,  there  is  a  con- 
tinuous safe  navigation.  The  Aguapehi,  an  aflSuent  of  the 
Paraguay,  near  lat.  15°  40'  S.,  Ion.  50°  20'  \V.,  is  separated 
only  by  a  portage  of  3  miles  from  the  Alegre,  a  tributary 
of  the  Guapor6,  and  were  a  canal  to  be  made  to  connect  the 
two  streams,  a  complete  system  of  internal  navigation 
throughout  nearly  all  South  America  would  exist. 

Rio  de  las  Casas  Grandes,  ree'o  dd  Ids  kd'sis 
grln'dJs,  a  river  of  Mexico,  state  of  Chihuahua,  enters 
Lake  Guzman  after  a  N.  course  of  100  miles.  On  it,  towards 
its  source,  is  the  ruined  town  called  Casas  Grandes. 

Rio  Dell,  ree'o  del,  apost-oflSce  and  summer  resort  of 
Humboldt  CO.,  Cat.,  on  Eel  River,  15  miles  from  its  mouth. 
Rio  del  Norte,  Texas.    See  Rio  Gra.vde. 


Rio  de  |08  Americanos.    See  Americak  Rivn 

Rio  de  los  Mnrtires,  ree'o  dd  loco  mau'io-i^ 
River  of  Martyrs,  a  river  of  California,  rises  in   i 
S.K.  part  of  the  state,  and,  flowing  in  a  genenil  S.W.  courso 
falls  into  the  Pacitio  Ocean  in  about  33°  20'  N.  lat.  * 

Rio  de  los  Miiubrcs,  rco'o  dd  loce  meera'hrds,  rises 
in  Grant  co.,  New  Mexico,  runs  southward  into  the  MeKioun 
state  of  Sonora,  and  enters  Guzman  Lake. 

Rio  del  Rey,  rco'o  d61  ri,  a  large  shallow  bay  in  th» 
Bight  of  Biafra,  in  Guinea,  E.  of  the  Old  Calabar  River 
and  opposite  the  island  of  Fernando  Po.  ' 

Rio  de  San  Juan,  ree'o  dd  sin  Hoo-in',  rises  In  the 
Sierra  San  Juan,  in  Colorado,  flows  south  westward  into 
Taos  CO.,  New  Mexico,  next  runs  nearly  W.,  and  enters 
Utah  at  its  southeastern  corner.  It  irrigates  the  eastern 
part  of  Kane  co.,  Utah,  and  joins  the  Colorado  River  in  the 
same  county.     Its  length  is  estimated  at  350  miles. 

Rio  de  Silo  Lourcn90,  Brazil.    See  Porrudos. 

Rio  de  Segovia,  Nicaragua.     See  Cape  Rivkr. 

Rio  de  Sueiro  da  Costa,  Africa.    See  Bassaw. 

Rio  de  Tres-Barras,  Brazil.    See  Tues-Bahuah 

Rio  Doce,  a  river  of  Brazil.    See  Dooe. 

Rio  Uolores,  Colorado.    See  Dolores. 

Rio  dos  Forcados,  ree'o  dooe  foR-ki'doce,  a  river 
of  Western  Africa,  Upper  Guinea,  falling  into  the  Bight  of 
Benin  in  lat.  6°  22'  N.,  Ion.  5°  19'  15"  E.  The  bar  at  iu 
mouth  is  1  mile  broad,  3  miles  long,  and  carries  13  feet  nt 
low  water.  Forcados  is  considered  the  most  accessible 
estuary  on  the  coast,  with  a  noble  sound  of  smooth  water, 
5  fathoms  deep,  immediately  within  the  bar. 

Rio  Dulce,  Argentine  Republic.    See  Dulcb. 

Rio  Dulce,  ree'o  dool'sd  (i.e.,  "sweet  river"),  the  out- 
let of  the  Golfo  Dulce,  in  Honduras,  enters  the  Caribbc.-in 
Sea  in  lat.  15°  60'  N.,  Ion.  88°  46'  20"  W.,  after  a  winding 
course  of  23  miles,  during  which  it  expands  into  El  Golfete, 
or  the  Little  Gulf,  9  miles  in  length,  by  2  miles  across.  Tbo 
Upper  Rio  Dulce  enters  the  gulf  from  the  W. 

Rio  Formoso,  Africa.    See  Beni.v  River. 

Rio  Frio,  ree'o  free'o  (j.e.,  "cold  river"),  a  river  of  i 
Texas,  flows  S.E.  through  a  part  of  Bexar  co.,  and  enter* 
Rio  Nueces  at  the  N.  extremity  of  Nueces  co. 

Rio  Frio,  ree'o  free'o,  a  post-oBice  of  Uvalde  co.,  Tex.j 

Rio  Gordo,  ree'o  goii'do,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  An- 
dalusia, province  and  4  miles  N.E.  of  Malaga.     Pop.  2871. 

Rio  Grande,  ree'o  grdn'dd,  a  river  of  West  Africa,  ini 
Senegambia,  rises  in  Foota-Jallon,  near  Labec,  lat.  11° 
20'  N.,  Ion.  11°  W.  It  flows  W.,  and  enters  the  Atlantio 
by  an  estuary  10  miles  across,  between  the  Nunez  and  Casa- 
manza  Rivers.  It  communicates  by  an  arm  with  the  Jeba 
River,  20  or  30  miles  farther  N.  On  it  is  the  town  of  Kade, 
and  opposite  its  mouth  are  the  Bissagos  Islands.  Its  bnnkai 
are  densely  wooded,  and  studded  with  immense  ant-hills. 
The  country  watered  by  it  is  populous,  and  produces  gold, 
ivory,  wax,  hides,  and  horses.     See  Jeba. 

Rio    Grande,  ri'o  grdnd  (Sp.  pron.  ree'o  grin'di) 
Rio  del  Norte,  ri'o  dfil  nort,  or  ree'o  d41  nor'td,  Rio 
Grniidc  del  Norte  (Sp.  pron.  ree'o  grdn'dd  ddl  noit'td. 
"Great  River  of  the  North''),  or  Rio  Bravo  del  Norte 
(Sp.  pron.  ree'o  brd'vo  dfil  noii'td,  i.e.,  "  Kajjid  River  of 
the  North"),  a  large  river  of  North  America,  rises  in  th( 
S.W.  part  of  Colorado,  near  lat.  37°  40'  N.  and  Ion.  167' 
30'  W.     Its  source  is  in  the  San  Juan  Mountains,  near  th« 
Rio  Grande  Pyramid.      "The   Rio   Grande,"   says   Prof 
Hayden,  "  from  its  source  in  the  San  Juan  .Mountains  t< 
Albuquerque,  flows  along  its  banks  through  basaltic  rocki 
to  a  greater  or  less  extent."     It  first  runs  eastward  to  tb< 
village  of  Del  Norte,  below  which  it  turns  to  the  right.    I 
flows  southeastward  and  southward   through  the  niid-l'' 
of  the  vast  and  fertile  San  Luis  Park  or  Valley.     It  n 
enters  New  Mexico,  in  which  its  direction  is  nearly  soui<. 
ward.     It  traverses  a  high  and  arid  table-land  nearly  dcs 
titute  of  timber,  and  receives  no  large  affluent  in  a  distancij 
of  600  miles  or  more.     After  it  has  crossed  the  southcri. 
boundary  of  New  Mexico  it  runs  southeastward  and  form 
the  entire  boundary  between  the  state  of  Texas  ond  tli 
republic  of  Mexico.     It  enters  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  ot  th  i 
S.  extremity  of  Texas,  about  lat.  26°  N.    The  volume  pi 
water  discharged  by  this  river  is  small  in  proportion  to  it 
length,  which  is  estimated  at  1800  miles.     It  is  generally  i 
shallow  stream,  as  its  navigation  is  obstructed  by  sandj 
banks  or  rapids.     Small  steamboats  can  ascend  it  nearl; 
500  miles.     It  has  no  large  affluent  except  the  Rio  Pccoi 
The  area  drained  by  the  Rio  Grande  is  comjputcd  to  b 
240,000  square  miles.     It  descends  about  7000  feet  bctwcc 
San  Luis  Park  (which  is  about  100  miles  from  its  s'-urct 
and  its  mouth.     The  altitudes  of  several  points  above  th 
sea-level  are— at  PcSa  Blanca  5288  feet,  at  Albuquenju 


n 


RIO 


2283 


KIO 


5026  feet,  and  at  Socorro  4560  feet.     The  region  traversed 
by  this  river  requires  irrigation  to  render  it  fertile. 

llio  Grande,  a  river  of  Bolivia,  rises  by  several  heads 
near  Cochabamba,  flows  E.  and  N.,  separating  the  depart- 
ments of  Cochabamba  and  Santa  Cruz  from  those  of  Oruro 
and  Chuquisaca,  Ac,  and  near  hit.  16°  10'  S.  receives  the 
Chapari,  after  which  it  is  called  the  Mamore. 

Rio  Grande,  Central  America.    See  Hondo. 

Rio  Grande,  ree'o  griu'di,  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in 
the  Serra  da  Mantiqueira,  in  the  S.  of  the  state  of  Minas- 
Geraes,  near  the  frontiers  of  the  state  of  Rio  de  Janeiro, 
ami,  flowing  first  N.,  then  W.N.W.,  through  Minas-Geraes 
to  the  frontiers  of  Sao  Paulo,  when  it  receives  the  Sapu- 
cuhi,  thence  pursues  a  W.  course,  receiving  the  PariL,  and 
joins  the  Paranahibft  to  form  the  Parand,  after  a  direct 
course  of  about  600  miles. 

Rio  Grande,  a  river  of  Brazil,  joins  the  Sao  Francisco. 
Its  whole  course  is  about  250  miles,  of  which  no  less  than 
loO  miles  may  be  navigated. 

Rio  Grande,  a  river  of  Brazil.    See  Potengi. 

Rio  (irande,  a  river  of  Mexico,  states  of  Queretaro, 
Guanajuato,  Michoacan,  and  Jalisco,  enters  the  Pacific  at  San 
lilas,  after  a  N.W.  course  of  400  miles  across  the  Anahuac 
table-land.  It  is  greatly  interrupted  by  cataracts,  and  is 
very  rapid.     It  traverses  a  part  of  the  Lake  of  Chapala. 

Rio  Grande,  a  river  of  the  Mosquito  Territory,  in 
Nicaragua,  enters  the  Caribbean  Sea  30  miles  N.  of  Pearl 
Lagoon.     It  is  navigable  for  boats  200  miles. 

Rio  Grande,  a  river  of  the  republic  of  Colombia, 
rises  N.W.  of  Panama,  about  2  miles  from  which  city  it 
enters  the  Pacific  Ocean.  It  is  navigable  for  the  last  5 
miles  of  its  course.     Its  head  is  near  the  Obispo. 

Rio  Grande,  ree'o  grin'di,  a  county  in  the  S.  part 
of  Colorado,  has  an  area  of  about  1260  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Rio  Grande  River.  It  comprises  part 
of  the  San  Luis  Valley  and  of  the  Sierra  San  Juan.  Among 
its  prominent  features  is  Pintada  Peak,  13,176  feet  high. 
This  county  has  rich  mines  of  gold  and  silver.  The  soil 
of  the  valleys  is  fertile,  and  adapted  for  pasturage.  Capi- 
tal. Del  Norte.     Pop.  m  1880,  1944;  in  1890,  3451. 

Rio  Grande,  ri'o  grand,  a  post-village  of  Cape  May 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  M'est  Jersey  Railroad,  6J  miles  N.  of  Cape 
May.     It  has  2  churches  and  3  stores. 

Rio  Grande,  a  post-hamlet  in  Raccoon  township, 
Gallia  CO.,  0.,  about  12  miles  N.W.  of  Gallipolis.  It  has  a 
church  and  the  Rio  Grande  College. 

Rio  Grande  (ree'o  grin'dA)  City,  a  post-village,  cap- 
ital of  Starr  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Rio  Grande,  about  100  miles 
above  Brownsville,  and  220  miles  in  a  direct  line  S.  of  San 
Antonio.  Steamboats  can  ascend  the  river  to  this  place, 
which  is  the  head  of  navigation.  It  has  2  churches.  It  has 
an  extensive  trade  in  hides  and  wool.  Spanish  is  spoken 
by  nearly  all  the  inhabitants.     Pop.  in  1890,  1968. 

Rio  Grande  de  Jujuy.     See  Jujuy  River. 

Rio  Grande  de  la  Plata,  Bolivia.    See  Guapai. 

Rio  Grande  do  Belmonte.    See  Jequitishonha. 

Rio  Grande  do  Norte,  ree'o  grin'dido  nou'ti  {i.e., 
"Rio  Grande  of  the  North"),  a  state  of  Brazil,  situated 
between  lat.  4°  32'  and  7°  IS'  S.  and  Ion.  35°  and  38°  40' 
W.,  having  N.  and  E.  the  Atlantic.  Area,  22,195  square 
miles.  Its  name  is  derived  from  a  river,  which,  after  an 
E.  course,  enters  the  Atlantic  at  Natal.  The  other  rivers 
are  the  Serido  and  Appodi.  The  surface  is  level  near  the 
coast,  but  uneven  inland.  The  products  comprise  the  best 
Brazil-wood,  cotton,  sugar,  rice,  drugs,  salt,  and  large  num- 
bers of  cattle.  Besides  Natal,  the  capital,  it  contains  the 
towns  of  Villa-Flor,  Arez,  Anacu,  Porto  Alegre,  Villanova 
da  Princeza,  and  Villanova  do  Principe.     Pop.  308,852. 

Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  ree'o  grin'di  do  sool  {i.e.,  "Rio 
Grande  of  the  South"),  or  Sfto  Pedro,  sown"  pi'dro,  a 
town  of  Brazil,  in  a  state  of  the  same  name,  on  a  low 
peninsula  at  the  S.  extremity  of  Lago  de  los  Patos,  with 
a  light-house  in  lat.  32°  7'  S.,  Ion.  52°  8'  W.  Pop.  20,000. 
From  its  low  situation  it  is  subject  to  inundation,  but  it 
has  a  good  port  and  a  large  trade. 

Rio  Grande  do  SnI,  or  Sfto  Pedro  do  Rio 
Grande  do  Snl,  also  called  Sflo  Pedro,  a  state  in 
the  extreme  S.  of  Brazil,  having  the  Atlantic  on  the  E., 
Uruguay  on  the  S.W.,  and  the  Argentine  Republic  on  the 
N.W.  Area,  91,335  square  miles.  It  is  generally  fertile, 
with  a  iraried  surface,  and  has  great  resources  in  minerals, 
timber,  and  pasturage.    Capit.al,  Porto  Alegre.    P.  664,527. 

Rio  Grande  Pyr'amid,  Colorado,  a  mountain  of  the 
San  Juan  Range,  in  lat.  37°  40'  50"  N.,  Ion.  107°  23'  21" 
W.  Its  altitude  is  13,773  feet.  It  is  formed  of  trachyte 
and  basalt,  the  highest  portion  being  a  cap  of  basalt  600 
feet  thick.    Its  pyramidal  form  is  almost  perfect. 


Rio  Hacha,  ree'o  k'chi,  (or  hi'chfl,),  or  Rio  de  la 
Ilacha,  ree'o  d4  13,  i'chS.,  a  river  of  South  America,  in 
the  republic  of  Colombia,  enters  the  Caribbean  Sea  90  miles 
E.N.B.  of  Santa  Marta,  after  a  N.  course  of  120  miles. 

Rio  Ilacha,  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Colombia, 
200  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cartagena,  in  lat.  11°  33'  N.,  Ion.  72° 
52'  30"  W.,  with  a  small  port  at  the  mouth  of  the  Ritt 
Ilacba  in  the  Caribbean  Sea.     Pop.  2500. 

Rio  Hondo,  Central  America.    See  IIondo. 

Rio  Hondo,  Texas.    See  Hondo  Creek. 

Rioja,  or  Rioxa,  re-o'ni,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  An- 
dalusia, about  8  miles  from  Almeria.     Pop.  1069. 

Rioja,  Argentine  Republic.    See  La  Rioja. 

Rioja,  La,  li  re-o'n.\,  Spain,  is  a  region  comprising 
most  of  the  province  of  Logrono  and  part  of  Soria.  It  is 
not  a  political  division,  and  is  named  from  the  Oja,  aa 
affluent  of  the  Ebro. 

Rio  Janeiro,  ri'o  ja-nee'ro,  or  Rio  de  Janeiro 
(Port.  pron.  ree'o  di  zhi-nA'ro),  often  called  simply  Rio, 
ri'o,  the  capital  of  Brazil,  and  the  largest  and  most  im- 
portant city  of  South  America,  is  beautifully  situated  on 
the  W.  side  of  a  bay  of  its  own  name.  Lat.  of  Fort  Villa- 
ganhao,  22°  54'  7"  S. ;  Ion.  43°  9'  W.  Its  port,  which  is 
large  and  deep,  is  defended  by  a  castle.  It  consists  of  an  old 
and  a  new  town,  the  latter  being  separated  from  the  former  by 
an  open  space,  called  the  Campo  do  Honra.  Streets  generally 
straight,  but  narrow  and  ill  paved.  It  is  so  placed  as  to  bo 
deprived  of  the  benefit  of  the  land-breeze  by  a  range  of 
mountains,  and  is  exposed  to  sufibcating  heat,  relieved  only 
by  the  sea-breeze  in  the  middle  of  the  day.  The  city  is 
supplied  with  water  by  means  of  an  aqueduct  which  trav- 
erses a  deep  valley  7  miles  in  length,  and  has  numerous 
public  fountains.  The  churches,  of  which  there  are  up- 
wards of  60,  have  no  external  elegance,  but  are  richly 
decorated  in  the  interior.  The  chief  public  edifices  are  the 
former  imperial  palace,  a  plain  brick  building,  the  naval  and 
military  arsenal,  a  public  hospital,  with  accommodations 
for  1200  patients,  and  a  lunatic  asylum.  Its  educational 
establishments  are  the  college  of  Sao  Joze,  an  academy  of 
fine  arts,  a  cadet  school,  schools  of  medicine  and  surgery, 
military  and  naval  academy,  and  many  public  schools.  The 
national  library  has  120,000  printed  volumes,  and  valuable 
MSS.  Rio  is  the  see  of  a  bishop,  the  residence  of  a  gov- 
ernor, and  the  se.it  of  an  electoral  college;  it  has  many 
scientific  estiiblishments,  a  museum  of  natural  history  rich 
in  ornithology  and  mineralogy,  an  alcala  or  theatre,  and  a 
public  botanic  garden.  From  its  position,  Rio  is  naturally 
the  great  mart  of  Brazil,  and  especially  of  the  states  of 
Minas-Geraes,  Sao  Paulo,  and  Goyaz,  and  its  advantages  are 
such  as  to  fit  it  for  concentrating  the  commerce  of  the 
globe.  Its  imports  comprise  the  products  of  every  country ; 
its  chief  e.xports  are  cotton,  sugar,  cofiee,  rum,  building- 
timber,  leather,  tallow,  gold,  diamonds,  topazes,  amethj'sts, 
and  aquamarine.  It  is  the  terminus  of  several  lines  of  rail- 
way. The  Bay  or  Inlet  of  Rio,  17  miles  in  length  and  11 
miles  in  extreme  width,  forms  one  of  the  noblest  harbors 
in  the  world.  Its  entrance,  2  miles  S.  of  the  city,  is  li 
miles  wide  between  Fort  Santa  Cruz  on  the  E.  and  a  fort 
on  the  Sugar  Loaf  rock  on  the  W.  The  bay  contains  many 
small  islands,  the  largest  of  which  is  Ilha  do  Governador, 
6  miles  in  length.  Pop.  in  1888,  406,958.  Mean  tem- 
perature, January,  80°.2j  July,  67°.l  Fahr.  See  Rio  oa 
Janeiro. 

Rio  Jaquesila,  New  Mexico.    See  Yaqtjesila. 

Rio  Leona,  a  river  of  Texas.    See  Leona. 

Rio  Llano,  ree'o  Wno,  a  small  river  of  Texas,  rises 
in  Bexar  co.  and  flows  E.  into  the  Colorado. 

Rio  Lobos,  ree'o  lo'Boce,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Estro- 
madura,  about  40  miles  from  Caceres.     Pop.  1168. 

Riols,  re-ol',  a  village  of  France,  in  Herault,  arron- 
dissement  of  Saint-Pons.     Pop.  1121. 

Riom,  re-dN"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy-de-D&me,  8 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Clermont-Ferrand.  Pop.  10,004.  It  is 
well  built,  and  paved  mostly  with  basalt  and  lava  from  the 
quarries  of  Volvic  It  has  a  communal  college,  a  library, 
and  manufactures  of  linen  and  cotton  fabrics,  brandy, 
leather,  silk  goods,  and  tobacco. 

Rio  Maggiore,  ree'o  mid-jo'ri,  a  village  of  Italy,  5 
miles  W.  of  La  Spezia,  on  the  Gulf  of  Genoa.     Pop.  2961. 

Rio  Mayor,  ree'o  mi-on',  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Es- 
tremadura,  43  luilcs  E.N.E.  of  Lisbon.     Pop.  3688. 

Rion  or  Rioni  River,  Russia.    See  Phasis. 

Rio  Negro,  ree'o  ni'gro,  a  river  of  the  Argentine  Re- 
public, South  America,  tributary  to  the  Vermejo. 

Rio  Negro,  or  Sauces,  sow'sSs,  a  river  of  South 
America,  now  in  the  Argentine  Republic,  but  formerly  the 
boundary  between  it  and  Patagonia.     It  appears  to  rise  in 


RIO 


2284 


lOP 


a  lake  at  the  foot  of  tbe  Cbilinn  Andes,  and,  nftor  an  E. 
course  of  600  or  TOO  iuil«»,  enters  the  Atluntic  Ocean  in 
lat.  41°  4'  S.,  Ion.  62°  50'  W.,  «0  uiile8  S.W.  of  the  mouth 
of  tbe  river  Colorado.  Its  bed  abound!)  with  sliuals  and 
islands ;  its  course  is  rapid,  and  the  soil  of  its  banks,  in 
the  lower  part  of  its  course,  is  fertile. 

Rio  NegrOy  a  river  of  South  America,  in  Paraguay, 
joins  the  Tcbiquary  in  lat.  26°  25'  S. 

Rio  Negro,  a  river  of  South  America,  in  Colombia, 
flows  S.W.,  and  falls  into  the  Mugdalenu  in  lat.  2°  S8'  K., 
loD.  74°  25'  W. 

Rio  Negro,  a  river  of  South  America,  in  Colombia,  an 
affluent  of  the  Meta,  which  it  joins  at  Porto  Maniyal.  Lat. 
4°  8'  N. ;  Ion.  74°  W. 

Rio  Negro,  Parana,  pi-ril-n&',  or  Guainia,  gwi'- 
ae-ii,  a  river  of  South  America,  in  Colombia  and  Uruzil,  is 
the  principal  tributary  of  the  Amazon  on  the  N.  side,  and, 
under  tbe  name  of  Guainia,  ri«es  in  Colombia  near  lat.  2° 
2i.,  Ion.  72°  W.  It  flows  generally  Ji.S.K.,  enters  the  state 
of  Par&,  Bratil,  and  joins  the  Amazon  in  lat.  3°  10'  S., 
Ion.  69°  W.  Its  total  course  is  1200  miles.  The  principal 
affluents  are  the  Uaupcs,  Cababuri,  Podaviri,  and  Uio 
Branco.  At  its  mouth  it  is  scarcely  H  miles  in  breadth, 
but  a  little  higher  up  it  is  nearly  9  miles,  and  op]>08ite 
Barcellos,  15  miles  across.  It  contains  numerous  islands, 
and  has  a  remarkable  communication  with  the  Orinoco  by 
the  navigable  Cassiquiare.     See  Cassiql'iare. 

Rio  Negro,  a  river  of  Uruguay,  the  central  part  of 
which  it  drains,  enters  the  Uruguay  River  80  miles  N.  of 
Buenos  Ayrcs,  after  a  AV.  course  of  250  miles. 

Kio  Negro,  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Colombia,  state 
of  Magdalena,  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Mcdellin. 

Rionero,  re-o-n4'ro  (t.e.,  "black  rivulet"),  a  town  of 
Italy,  in  Basilicata,  5  miles  S.  of  Melfi.  Pop.  11,520,  who 
manufacture  wooden  tobacco-boxes  and  trade  in  oil  and 
wine.     It  has  a  collegiate  and  several  other  churches. 

Rionero,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Campobasso,  9 
miles  N.W.  of  Isernia.     Pop.  2411. 

Rions,  re-6M*',  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Qironde,  15  miles 
6.S.E.  of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  1253. 

Rio  Nueces,  a  river  of  Texas.    See  Ndkces. 

Rio  Pardo,  ree'o  pan'do,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  or 
Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  on  the  Rio  Pardo,  near  its  conlluence 
with  the  Jacuhy,  80  miles  W.  of  Porto  Alegre.  Pop.  10,000. 

Rio  Pecos,  a  river  of  New  Mexico.     See  Pkcos. 

Rio  Preto,  ree'o  prA'to,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and 
380  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Bahia,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Preto 
with  the  Rio  Grande,  an  affluent  of  the  S3o  Francisco. 

Rio  Preto,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state  of  Minns-(ierne.«, 
on  the  Preto,  an  affluent  of  the  Araguahi,  35  miles  N.E. 
of  Diamantina.     Pop.  2000.     See  also  Piieto. 

Rios,  or  Los  Rios,  loce  Ree'oce,  a  province  of  Ecua 
dor,  on  the  W.  coast,  N.  of  Guayas.  Chief  town,  Baba- 
hoyo.     Pop.  60,065. 

Rio  Saladiilo,  Argentine  Republic.    See  Saladillo. 

Rio  Salado,  ree'o  si-lA'no  (i.e.,  "salt  river"),  a  river 
of  the  Argentine  Republic,  province  of  Buenos  Ayrcs,  flows 
through  the  Pampas,  a  plain  interspersed  with  numerous 
small  lakes,  and  enters  the  estuary  of  the  Plata,  95  miles 
6.S.E.  of  Buenos  Ayres,  after  an  E.  course  of  400  miles. 

Rio  Salado,  a  river  of  tbe  Argentine  Republic,  prov- 
inces of  Salta,  Tucuman,  Santiago,  and  Santa  F6,  rises  in 
the  Andes,  flows  mostly  S.E.,  and  joins  the  river  Parand,  of 
which  it  is  a  principal  tributary,  210  miles  'S.W.  of  Buenos 
Ayres.  Total  course,  1000  miles.  In  its  upper  part  it  is 
called  the  Pasage  and  Valbuena. 

Rio  Salado,  a  river  of  Bolivia,  enters  tbe  Pacific  after 
a  W.  course  of  70  miles. 

Rio  San  Domingo,  ree'o s&n  do-ming'go,  drains  the 
S.E.  part  of  Arizona,  runs  nearly  northwestward,  and  enters 
the  Gila  River  about  Ion.  109°  45'  W. 

Rio  San  Mignei,  ree'o  sin  me-gh5l',  of  Colorado, 
rises  in  the  San  Juan  Mountains,  runs  in  a  N.W.  direction, 
and  enters  the  Dolores  near  the  W.  boundary  of  the  state. 
It  flows  many  miles  in  a  deep  cafion. 

Rio  San  Pedro,  ree'o  sftn  pi'dro,  Arizona,  runs  north- 
ward in  Pima  co.  and  enters  the  Gila  River. 

Rio  San  Pedro,  a  small  river  of  Texas,  flows  S.  into 
the  Rio  Grande  at  the  W.  extremity  of  Kinney  co. 

Rio  Santa  Cruz.    See  Santa  Cruz  River. 

Rio  Seco,  Mesina  de,  m&-8ee'n&  di.  ree'o  s&'ko,  a 
town  of  Spain,  in  Leon,  province  and  26  miles  N.W.  of 
Valladolid,  beside  the  river  of  the  same  name.     Pop.  5234. 

Rio  Tinto,  ree'o  teen'to  (i.e.,  "colored  river"),  a  river 
of  Spain,  province  of  Iluelva,  rises  near  Aracena,  and  enters 
the  Bay  of  Iluelva  in  the  Mediterranean.  Length,  60  miles. 
Near  its  mouth  is  the  port  of  Palos. 


Rio  Tinto,  reo'o  teen'to,  a  river  of  Nicaragua,  after  t 
N.  course  of  120  miles  enters  the  sea  E.  of  Capo  Cameron 
Lat.  15°  5t'  N. ;  Ion.  84°  55'  W. 

Riou,  re-oo',  an  islet  ofl"  the  S.  coast  of  Franco,  in 
Bouclies-du-Rh6no,  7  miles  S.  of  Marseilles. 

Riou-Kiou,  Paoiflo  Ocean.    See  Loo-Choo  Islands. 

Riouw,  Malay  Arohij)elago.     Soo  Riiio. 

Rio  Verde,  ree'o  vfir'di,  rises  in  the  W.  central  part 
of  Arizona,  runs  southward,  and  enters  the  Salt  River  near 
lat.  33°  30'  N.,  Ion.  11 1°  40'  W.    See  also  Verde,  Kio. 

Rio  Verinejo.    See  Verjiejo  River. 

Rio  Vcrmelho,  ree'o  vSn-mfil'yo,  a  village  of  Brazil, 
island  of  Santa  Catharina,  near  27°  30'  S.  lat.     I'op.  1200. 

Rio  Vermellio,atown  of  Brazil,  state  of  Minns-Ui>raei<, 
80  miles  E.N.E.  of  Scrro  Frio  (Villa  do  Principe),  on  the 
Barreiro,  an  affluent  of  the  Vermelho.     Pop.  4000. 

Rio  Vermelho,  a  river  of  Brazil.     See  Vermklho. 

Rio  Virgen,  ree'o  veoR'iiftn,  or  Vir'gin  Riv'er, 
rises  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Utah,  runs  southwcstward  into 
Nevada,  ond  enters  the  Colorado  River  iu  Lincoln  co.,  Ncv. 
It  is  nearly  200  miles  long,  and  is  a  shallow  stream.  It 
runs  through  an  arid  region  diversified  by  lava  ridges,  <tc. 

Rio  Vista,  ree'o  vces'ti,  a  post-village  of  Solano  co., 
Cal.,  on  the  right  (W.)  bank  of  tbe  Sacramento  River,  22 
miles  E.  of  Suisun  Station,  and  about  65  miles  by  water 
E.N.E.  of  San  Francisco.  It  has  2  churches,  a  planing- 
mill,  and  a  Catholic  academy.     Pop.  in  1890,  648. 

Rioxa,  a  village  of  Spain.     See  Rioja. 

Rioz,  ree-o',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ilaute-SaAne,  14 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Vesoul.     Pop.  1001. 

Ripa  Bottoni,  ree'pi  bot-to'nee,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Campobasso.     Pop.  4460. 

Ripa  Candida,  ree'p&  k&n'de-da,  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
Basilicata,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Melfi.     Pop.  4934. 

Ripa  di  Chieti,  rce'pi  dee  ko-&'tco,  a  town  of  Italy, 
3  miles  E.  of  Chieti.     Pop.  2753. 

Ripalimosana,  re-pi-le-mo-s&'nft.,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  2  miles  N.W.  of  Campobasso.     Pop.  3937. 

Riparbelia,  re-pan-bdl'li,  or  Ripnibelia,  re-pU> 
biri4,  a  village  of  Italy,  38  miles  from  Pisa.     Pop.  3290. 

Riparia,  Germany.     See  Stadt-am-IIop. 

Ripatransone,  re-p&-tr&n-so'n4,  a  town  of  Italy,  18 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Fermo.     Pop.,  with  environs,  5923. 

Ripen,  a  town  of  Denmark.    See  Ribe. 

Ripley,  rip'le,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West 
Riding,  on  the  Nidd,  5  miles  W.N.W.  of  Knaresborough,  on 
tbe  Leeds  &  Thirsk  Railway. 

Ripley,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Derby,  4  miles  S.  of 
Alfreton,  with  iron-works  and  co.al-mines.     Pop.  6939. 

Ripley,  rip'le,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Indinna, 
has  an  area  of  about  450  square  miles.  It  is  drained  bv 
Laughery  Creek  and  Graham's  Fork  of  the  Muscatatuclv 
River.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly  and  in  some  parts  nearly 
level.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  hay,  onts, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Limestone  underlies  part 
of  the  soil.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Ohio  &  Mis- 
liissippi  Railroad  and  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  A 
St.  Louis  Railroad.  Capital,  Versailles.  Pop.  in  1870, 
20,977;  in  1880,  21,627;  in  1890,  19,350. 

Ripley,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Missouri,  bordering 
on  Arkansas,  has  an  area  of  about  640  square  miles.  It  U 
intersected  by  the  Current  River,  and  also  drained  by  Little 
Black  River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it 
is  covered  with  forests  of  the  yellow  pine  and  otlier  trees. 
Indian  corn,  pork,  and  grass  are  the  staples.  This  county 
is  intersected  by  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Soulheri 
Railroad,  which  connects  with  Doniphan,  the  capital.  Pop 
in  1870,  3175;  in  1880,  5377;  in  1890,  8512. 

Ripley,  a  township  of  Bond  co..  111.    Pop.  972. 

Ripley,  a  post-village  in  Ripley  township.  Brown  co., 
111.,  on  the  Lamoin  River,  about  32  miles  N.W.  of  Jackson- 
ville, and  10  miles  S.W.  of  Rushville.  It  has  3  churches 
and  a  manufactory  of  stone-ware. 

Ripley,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ind.    P.  1433. 

Ripley,  a  post-office  of  Noble  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Balti- 
more &  Ohio  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Albion. 

Ripley,  a  township  of  Rush  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1841. 

Ripley,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  377. 

Ripley,  a  village  of  Floyd  co.,  Iowa,  6  or  7  miles  W. 
of  Charles  City. 

Ripley,  a  township  of  Somerset  co.,  Me.    Pop.  584. 

Ripley,  a  township  of  Dodge  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  297. 

Ripley,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Tippah  co.,  Miss.,  on 
the  Ripley  Railroad,  which  connects  with  the  Memphis  i 
Charleston  Railroad,  30  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Holly  Springs, 
and  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Corinth.  It  has  a  court-house,  5 
churches,  a  female  college,  and  a  newspaper  office.   Pep.  637. 


RIP 


228) 


RIV 


Ripley^  formerly  Quin'cy,  a  post-village  in  Ripley 
township,  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  & 
Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  65  miles  S.W.  of  Buffalo.  It 
lias  3  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  cheese-fiictory.  Pop.  350. 
The  township  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake  Erie.    P.  1899. 

Kipley,  a  post-village  in  Union  township.  Brown  co., 
0.,  is  beautifully  situated  on  the  Ohio  River,  54  miles  above 
Cincinnati,  and  about  10  miles  below  Maj'sville,  Ky.  It  is 
the  most  populous  town  in  the  county.     Its  site  is  a  narrow 

?ortion  of  land  enclosed  between  the  river  and  a  steep  bluff, 
t  contains  7  churches,  2  national  banks,  1  other  bank,  2 
newspaper  offices,  a  union  school,  a  foundry,  and  manufac- 
tures of  pianos,  tobacco,  and  sash  and  blinds.     Pop.  2546. 

Ripley^  a  township  of  Holmes  co.,  0.     Pop.  1101. 

Ripley,  a  township  of  Huron  co.,  0.     Pop.  1089. 

Ripley,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lauderdale  co.,  Tenn., 
about  56  miles  N.N.E.  of  Memphis,  and  24:  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Dyersburg.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  4  churches.     Pop.  532. 

Ripley,  a  post-office  of  Titus  co.,  Tex. 

Ripley,  West  Virginia.    See  Jackson  Court-Hodsb. 

Ripley  Land'ing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  \V. 
Va.,  is  on  the  Ohio  River,  near  the  mouth  of  Mill  Creek, 
and  about  18  miles  above  Pomeroy. 

Ripley  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  in  Ripley  township,  Som- 
erset CO.,  Me.,  about  35  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bangor.  It  has 
"2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  several  saw-mills. 

Ripley's,  or  Centreville,a  post-hamlet  of  Tyler  co., 
W.  Va.,  near  Middle  Island  Creek,  about  45  miles  S.  of 
Wheeling.     It  has  3  churches. 

Ripley's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Craig  co.,  Va. 

Ripleyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huron  co.,  0.,  in  Ripley 
township,  4i  miles  W.  of  Greenwich.     It  has  a  church. 

Ripoll,  re-poI',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  32  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Gerona,  on  the  Ter.     Pop.  2424. 

Ril>ollet,  re-pol-yfit',  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia, 
on  the  Ripollet,  8  miles  from  Barcelona.     Pop.  1441. 

Ripomorance,  a  village  of  Italy.    See  Pomerance. 

Rip'on,  or  Rip'pon,  a  city  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
West  Riding,  on  the  Ure,  23  miles  W.N.W.  of  York,  and  10 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Thirsk.  It  has  a  spacious  market- 
place, a  cathedral,  built  in  the  fourteenth  and  fifteenth  cen- 
turies, an  episcopal  palace,  an  elegant  parish  church,  a  free 
grammar-school,  endowed  blue-coat  schools,  several  ancient 
poor's  hospitals  and  money  charities,  a  handsome  town  hall, 
with  assembly-rooms,  a  council-house,  jail  and  house  of 
correction,  public  rooms  with  a  library,  a  mechanics'  in- 
stitute, several  branch  banks,  manufactures  of  flax  and 
eaddle-trees,  and  large  markets  for  wool,  corn,  and  butter. 
Ripon  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons.    Pop. 

>  1890,  7512. 

RipoD ,  rl-pon'  or  rip'on,  a  post-village  of  San  Joaquin 
CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  20  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Stockton.  It  has  a  church,  a  hotel,  a  store,  and  4  vvare- 
kouses  for  wheat. 

Ripon,  a  post-office  of  Labette  co.,  Kansas,  about  16 

iles  S.  by  W.  of  Parsons. 
^  Ripon,  a  post-town  in  Ripon  township.  Fond  du  Lac 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  inlet  of  Green  Lake,  20  miles  W.  by  N.  of 
fond  du  Lac,  19  miles  S.W.  of  Oshkosh,  and  10  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Berlin.  It  is  on  the  Sheboygan  &.  Fond  du  Lac  Rail- 
road, at  its  junction  with  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fe  St. 
Paul  Railroad.  It  contains  9  churches,  2  banks,  2  news- 
paper offices,  Ripon  College  (Congregational),  and  manu- 
fiictures  of  carriages,  flour,  and  wagons.     Pop.  (1890)  3358. 

Riponuny,  or  Ripununy.     See  Rupununy. 

Riposto,  re-pos'to,  a  town  of  Sicily,  on  its  E.  coast,  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Taormina.  Pop.  8032.  It  has  risen  within 
the  present  century,  and  has  a  harbor  protected  by  a  fort. 

Rip'pey,a  post-village  in  Washington  township,  Greene 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Des  Moines  &  Fort  Dodge  Railroad,  42 
miles  N.W.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  a  church  and  a  plough- 
factory. 

Rip'pon,  or  Rip'on,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co., 
W.  Va.,  5  miles  S.  of  Charlestown,  and  15  miles  E.  of  Win- 
chester.    It  has  a  church, 

Rip'ton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Ripton  township,  Addison 
CO.,  Vt.,  about  26  miles  N.  of  Rutland.  The  township  con- 
tains 2  churches  and  several  saw-mills.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 617. 

lU'pyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anderson  CO.,  Ky.,  15 
miles  S.E.  of  Frankfort. 

Riquewihr,  ree'k§h-veeR'  (Gor.  licicJienweier,  rl'K^n- 
*i'§r),  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  6  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Colinar.     Pop.  1777. 

Ris,  ree,  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy-de-Dome,  10  miles 
N.  of  Thiers.     Pop.  1449. 


Ris,  a  village  of  France,  with  a  station  on  the  Paris  A 
Corbeil  Railway,  15  miles  from  Paris.     Pop.  1101. 

Risano,  re-si'no,  a  village  of  Dalmatia,  7  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Cattaro,  on  the  Gulf  of  Cattaro.     Pop.  3200. 

Risborough,  Princes,  a  town  and  parish  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  Bucks,  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Aylesbury.     P.  2549. 

Riscle,  reek'l,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Gers, 
20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Mirande.     Pop.  2010. 

Ris'don,  a  post-office  of  St.  Clair  co.,  111.,  about  22 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Belleville. 

Risk's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Lexington  co.,  S.C. 

Ri'sing  City,  a  post- village  of  Butler  co.,  Neb.,  on  the 
Omaha  &  Republican  Valley  Railroad,  at  Rising's  Station, 
10  miles  W.  of  David  City.  It  has  7  general  stores,  2 
warehouses  for  grain,  and  35  dwellings. 

Rising  Fawn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dade  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Alabama  <fc  Chattanooga  Railroad,  25i  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Chattanooga.  It  has  2  churches  and  an  iron-blast-furnace. 
Pop.  in  1890,  927. 

Rising  San,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Ohio  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Randolph  townsliip,  on  the  Ohio  River,  36  miles  by  water 
(or  20  miles  direct)  below  Cincinnati,  and  8  miles  S.  of 
Aurora.  It  is  finely  situated  on  high  ground,  and  contains 
a  court-house,  7  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  national 
bank,  a  graded  school,  a  tannery,  2  steam  flouring-mills, 
and  manufactures  of  furniture  and  ploughs.    P.  (1890)  1689. 

Rising  Sun,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa,  near  Des 
Moines  River,  7  miles  E.  of  Des  Moines.   It  has  2  churches. 

Rising  Sun,  a  post-village  of  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Philadelphia  &  Baltimore  Central  Railroad,  52  miles  N.E. 
of  Baltimore.  It  has  a  bank,  a  church,  a  high  school  for 
girls,  a  foundry,  a  machine-shop,  a  coach-factory,  a  bank- 
ing-house, and  6  stores.     Pop.  350. 

Rising  Sun,  a  post-village  in  Montgomery  township, 
Wood  CO.,  0.,  on  the  Columbus  &  Toledo  Railroad,  27  miles 
S.  by  E.  of  Toledo.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  in  1890,  485. 

Rising  Sun,  a  village  included  within  the  limits  of 
Philadelphia,  Pa.,  5  miles  N.  of  Independence  Hall. 

Rising  Sun,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co..  Wis.,  33 
miles  S.S.E.  of  La  Crosse.    It  has  a  church  and  a  furnace. 

Ri'singville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  3J 
miles  N.E.  of  Cameron  Mills,  and  about  15  miles  N.W.  of 
Corning.     It  has  a  church, 

Risley,  riz'lee,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co,,  Kansas,  14 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Peabody.     Pop.  of  township,  503, 

Ritch'ey,  a  post-village  of  Newton  oo.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Atlantic  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Neosho. 
It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  150. 

Ritchie,  rich'ee,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  West 
Virginia,  has  an  area  of  about  512  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  North  Fork  of  Hughes  River,  and  bounded 
on  the  S.  by  the  South  Fork  of  that  river.  The  surface  is 
hilly,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  hickory, 
oak,  sugar-maple,  and  other  trees.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
oats,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  min- 
erals are  a  variety  of  asphaltum  called  Grahamite,  coal, 
and  petroleum.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad.  Capital,  Ritchie  Court-llouse,  or  Harrisville 
Pop.  in  1870,  9055;  in  1880,  13,474;  in  1890,  16,621, 

Ritchie,  a  post-office  of  Stanly  co.,  N.C, 

Ritchie  Court-House.    See  Haruisville. 

Ritchieville,  rioh'e-vll,  a  post-office  of  Dinwiddie  co., 
Va.,  about  16  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Petersburg. 

Rithymna,  the  ancient  name  of  Retimo. 

Rito  Alto,  ree'to  d,rto,  Colorado,  a  mountain  of  the 
Sangre  de  Cristo  Range,  has  an  altitude  of  12,876  feet  above 
the  sea-level.     Lat.  38°  13'  7"  N.;  Ion.  105°  45'  7"  W. 

Rito  Alto,  a  post-office  of  Saguache  co..  Col. 

Rittberg,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Rietberg. 

Rit'tenhouse  Gap,  a  station  in  Berks  co..  Pa.,  ou 
the  Catasaqua  &  Fogelsvillo  Railroad,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Catasauqua. 

Rit'ter,  a  township  of  Moore  co.,  N.C.     Pop,  1524. 

Ritter,  a  station  in  Northampton  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Le- 
high &  Lackawanna  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Bethlehem. 

Rit'ters,  a  post-office  of  Fulton  co.,  0.,  on  the  Canadtt 
Southern  Railroad,  5  miles  W.S.W.  of  Morenei,  Mich, 

Rit'tersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  2  or  3 
miles  N.E.  of  Allentown,     It  has  4  or  5  houses. 

Ritzebiittel,  rit'z?h-biit^t?l,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Hamburg,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Elbe  in  the  North  Sea. 

Riudoms,  ro-oo-doms',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia, 
10  miles  W.N.W,  of  Tarragona.     Pop.  3478. 

Riva,  ree'vi,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Ticino, 
8  miles  S.  of  Lugano,  and  on  the  S,  extremity  of  its  lake, 

Riva,  ree'vi,  or  Reif,  rife,  a  town  of  Austria,  10 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Roveredo,  at  the  N.  extremity  of  Lago 


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(U  Qarda.  Pop.  6082.  It  has  a  oastlo,  a  fine  ohuroh,  And 
gome  monostones.  Its  port  is  the  largest  on  the  h\ko,  its 
fltheriM  are  productiro,  and  its  vioinity  furnishes  in  abun- 
dance olives,  oranges,  and  lotnons. 

KivadeOy  re-vA-D^'o,  a  seaport  of  Spain,  on  the  E. 
boundary  of  Oalioia,  37  miles  N.E.  of  Lugo,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Eo.     Pop.  2020. 

Riva  di  Chieri,  roo'vil  dee  ke-&'ree,  a  vilUige  of  Italy, 
10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Turin.     Pop.  3092. 

Kivafrccha,  re-vd-fr&'oh&,  a  town  of  Spain,  7  miles 
.S.K.  of  IiOj;roiio,  on  the  Leza.     Pop.  1463. 

Kivalta  di  Acqui*  re-T&rt&  doe  &k'kireo,  a  Tillage  of 
Italy,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Acqui,  on  the  Bormida.     Pop.  2112. 

Rivalta  di  Torino,  ro-v&rt&  dee  to-roo'no,  a  village 
of  Italy,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Turin.     Pop.  11)48. 

Kivanazzano,  re-vi-n&t-s&'no,  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  of  Pavia,  near  Voghora.    Pop.  of  commune,  2324>. 

llivan'na,  a  small  river  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Vir- 
ginia, rises  at  the  foot  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  in  Albemarle  oo., 
flows  S.E.  through  Fluvanna  co.,  and  enters  the  James 
Kivcr  at  Columbia. 

llivara,  ro-v&'rl,  a  village  of  Italy,  22  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Turin.     Pop.  1700. 

Rivarolo,  re-v4-ro'lo,  a  town  of  North  Italy,  in  Pied- 
mont, 11)  miles  N.  of  Turin.     Pop.  3441. 

Rivarolo,  a  town  of  Italy,  3  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Genoa. 
Pop.  of  commune,  6858. 

Rivarolo-Fuori,  re-v4-ro'lo-foo-o're,  a  village  of 
Northern  Italy,  IS  miles  W.S.W.  of  Mantua.     Pop.  3034. 

Rivas,  a  town  of  Central  America.    See  Nicaragua. 

Rive  de  Gier,  roev  d^h  zhe-i',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Loire,  on  the  Qier,  an  affluent  of  the  Rhone,  at  the  head  of 
the  Canal  of  Givors,  12J  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Saint-Etienne. 
Pop.  14,518.  It  has  extensive  manufactures  of  glass-wares, 
steel,  and  hardwares,  and  steam-engine  factories.  Near  it 
are  silk-mills,  distilleries,  and  extensive  coal-fields. 

Riveira,  ro-vi'o-ri,  a  seaport  of  Spain,  province  and 
67  miles  S.S.W.  of  Corunna,  surrounded  by  the  Bay  of 
Arosa  and  the  sea. 

Rivelio,  re-virio,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basilicata,  4 
miles  S.  of  Lagonegro,  on  the  Trccchina.     Pop.  2961. 

Riv'er,  a  post-oflSce  of  Huntington  co.,  Ind. 

River,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1500. 

River,  Warren  co.,  Va.    See  Riveuton. 

River,  a  post-oflSce  of  Dane  co..  Wis. 

River  Aux  Vases  (Fr.  5  viz),  a  post-oflSceof  St.  Gen- 
evieve CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  river  of  the  same  name. 

River  Bank,  a  hamlet  of  Rockingham  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Shenandoah  River,  13  miles  E.  of  Harrisonburg.  It  has  a 
church,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

River  Beandette,  bo'dSt',  a  post- village  in  Soulangcs 
CO.,  Quebec,  at  the  outlet  of  a  river  of  the  same  name  in  the 
tit.  Lawrence,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  43i  miles 
W.  of  Montreal.     Pop.  100. 

River  Bend,  a  post-office  of  Bibb  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Cahawba  River. 

River  Bend,  a  post-hamlet  of  Elbert  co.,  Col.,  on  the 
Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  83  miles  E.S.E.  of  Denver. 

River  Bend,  a  post-ofiice  of  Clinton  co.,  Mich.,  on 
Grand  River,  about  14  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Lansing. 

River  Bend,  township,  Gaston  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  2243. 

River  Bend,  a  post-office  of  JefFerson  eo.,  Tcnn. 

River  Bourgeois,  boor^zhwi',  a  post-village  in  Rich- 
mond CO..  Nova  Scotia,  31  miles  from  Port  Hawkesbury. 

Riv'erdale,  a  post-office  of  Fresno  co.,  Cal. 

Rivcrdale,a  post-office  of  Cook  co..  111.,  on  the  Illinois 
Central  Railroad,  17  miles  S.  of  Chicago. 

Riverdale,  a  station  in  Greene  co..  111.,  on  the  Chicago 
i,  Alton  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Carrollton. 

Riverdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Republican  River,  44  miles  N.N.W.  of  Junction  City. 

River  Dale,  a  post-office  of  Caddo  parish.  La. 

Riverdale,  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  is  a  part  of  Gloucester 
City,  and  is  2  miles  from  Gloucester  Station. 

Riverdale,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Gratiot  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Chicago,  Saginaw  <fc  Canada  Railroad,  12 
miles  AV.  of  St.  Louis. 

Riverdale,  township,  Watonwan  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  217. 

Riverdale,  a  station  of  the  Montclair  &  Greenwood 
Lake  Railro.ad,  19  miles  N.  of  Newark,  N.J. 

Riverdale,  a  post-village  of  New  York  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Hudson  River,  and  on  the  Hudson  River  Railroad,  13 
miles  N.  of  New  York  City.  Here  are  several  villas  and 
country-seats,  and  2  churches.  Riverdale  Post-Office  is  a 
branch  of  the  New  York  post-office. 

Riverdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Craven  co.,  N.C,  on  the 
Neuse  River,  2  miles  from  Croatan.    It  has  a  church. 


Riverdale,  a  station  in  Wood  co.,  0.,  on  the  Dayton  i 
Michigan  Railroad,  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Toledo. 

River  Dale,  a  post-humlot  of  Knox  co.,  Tonn.,  0  miloi 
E.  of  Kno.xville.     It  has  a  church. 

River  Da'vid,  or  Saint  David,  a  post-villngo  In 
Yomaska  co.,  Quebec,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  It 
miles  from  Sorel.  It  contains  a  church,  2  stores,  a  foundry, 
and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  800. 

River  Debert,  d^-bair',  a  post-village  in  Colchester 
CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  on  the  Inter> 
colonial  Railway,  16  miles  from  Truro.     Pop.  41)0. 

River  Den'nis,  a  post-village  in  Inverness  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  35  miles  from  Port 
Hawkesbury.     Pop.  300. 

River  Dennis  Road,  a  post-village  in  Inverness  co., 
Nova  Scotia,  8  miles  from  Port  Hawkesbury.  It  oontaim 
a  church  and  several  saw-  and  grist-mills.     Pop.  500. 

River  Des'ert,  or  Maniwaki,  miln-e-wl'kce,  a  post- 
village  in  Ottawa  co.,  Quebec,  at  the  confluence  of  the  rivers 
Desert  and  Oatineau,  60  miles  N.  of  Ottawa.  It  is  a  post 
of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company,  and  hna  a  church,  several 
saw-  and  grist-mills,  and  2  stores.    Pop.  1000,  half  Indians. 

River  Edge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Ilackensack  River,  and  on  the  New  Jersey  &  New  York 
Railroad,  17  miles  N.  of  New  York  City.    It  has  a  church. 

River  Falls,  a  post-village  in  River  Falls  township. 
Pierce  and  St.  Croix  cos..  Wis.,  on  the  Kinnickinnick  River 
(which  afibrds  extensive  water-power),  12  miles  S.E.  of 
Hudson,  and  about  16  miles  N.E.  of  Hastings,  Minn.  It 
has  2  newspaper  offices,  a  bank,  3  flour-mills,  a  foundry,  a 
machine-shop,  5  churches,  a  state  normal  school,  and  man- 
ufactures of  lumber,  Ac.    P.  (1890)  1783  ;  of  township,  1073. 

River  Gil'bert,  or  Gil'bertville,  a  post-village  in 
Beauce  co.,  Quebec,  on  a  branch  of  the  river  Chaudiurc,  57 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Quebec.     Gold  is  found  here.     Pop.  2(10. 

Riv'erhead',  a  post-village,  capital  of  Sufi'olkco.,  N.Y., 
in  Riverhead  township,  on  the  Peconic  River,  at  the  W. 
end  of  Great  Peconic  Bay,  and  on  the  Long  Island  Rail- 
road, 75  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Brooklyn,  and  4  miles  from 
Long  Island  Sound.  It  contains  6  churches,  an  academy 
or  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  savings-bank,  several 
hotels,  4  grist-mills,  a  woollen-mill,  2  planing-mill?,  andi 
imanufactures  of  organs,  carriages,  straw  paper,  and  soap. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  4010. 

River  Heads,  a  village  of  Augusta  co.,  Va.    Pop.  S86. 

River  Hebert,  a  post-village  in  Cumberland  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  8  miles  from  Maccan.     Pop.  400. 

River  Hill,  a  post-hamlct  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C,  15  milei 
N.  of  Statesville.     It  has  a  tobacco-factory. 

River  Hill,  a  post-village  of  White  co.,  Tcnn.,  on  the 
Caney  Fork  of  Cumberl.and  River,  23  miles  N.E.  of  McMinn- 
ville.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

River  John,  a  post-village  in  Pictou  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
at  the  mouth  of  a  stream  falling  into  Northumberland 
Strait,  21  miles  from  Pictou.  It  contains  several  stores,  2 
hotels,  and  a  ship-yard.     Pop.  500. 

River  John,  West  Branch,  a  post-village  in  Pictou 
CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  20  miles  from  Pictou.     Pop.  160. 

River  Junc'tion,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa, 
on  or  near  the  Iowa  River,  and  on  the  Muscatine  division 
of  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Minnesota  Railroad,  27 
miles  W.  of  Muscatine.     It  h.as  a  church. 

River  Luison,  IwecVon',  apost-vilhigc  in  Restigouche 
CO.,  New  Brunswick,  on  a  small  stream  falling  into  the 
Bay  of  Chaleurs,  and  on  the  Intercolonial  Railway,  19 
miles  from  Dalhousie.     Pop.  160. 

River  Mills,  a  post-offico  of  Dale  co.,  Ala.,  on  Pea 
River,  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Troy. 

River  of  lUartyrs.    See  Rio  pe  los  Martiiii-s. 

River  Park,  a  post-village  of  Cook  co..  III.,  in  Lcj-dcn 
township,  on  the  Dos  Plaines  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  & 
Pacific  Railrotid,  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  a 
church  and  many  fine  residences  of  Chicago  merchants. 

River  Philip,  a  post- village  in  Cumberland  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  Intercolonial  Rivilway,  45  miles  from  Truro. 

River  Point,  a  post-office  of  Steele  co.,  Minn.,  on  tbo 
Straight  River,  about  10  miles  S.  of  Owatonna. 

River  Point,  a  post-village  in  Warwick  township, 
Kent  CO.,  R.I.,  on  the  Pawtuxet  River,  and  on  the  Hartford, 
Providence  &  Fishkill  Railway,  at  its  junction  with  tbo 
Hope  Branch  Railroad,  1 1  miles  S.S.W.  of  Providence.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  cotton-factory.     Pop.  615. 

River  Raisin,  ra'z'n,  a  post-hamlct  in  Bridgewatcr 
township,  W.ashtenaw  co.,  Mich.,  on  a  stream  of  the  same 
name,  and  on  the  Jackson  Branch  of  the  Michigan  South- 
ern Railro.ad,  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Jackson,  and  8  miles  N 
of  Tecumseh.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 


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2287 


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Riv'ersdale»  a  station  in  Prince  George's  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Washing- 
ton, D.C. 

Riv'ersdale>  a  post-village  in  Bruce  co.,  Ontario,  12 
miles  from  Walkerton.     Pop.  100. 

Riversdale  (formerly  Georgetown),  a  post-village 
in  Colchester  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  Black  River,  and  on  the 
Intercolonial  Railway,  74  miles  N.  of  Halifax.      Pop,  100. 

Riv'erside,a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Pinal  co., 
Arizona,  on  the  Gila  River,  30  miles  from  Florence.  It 
has  a  quartz-mill  for  gold  or  silver. 

Riverside,  a  post-village  of  San  Bernardino  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  Santa  Ana  River,  7  miles  from  Colton  Station.  It 
was  founded  in  1870  by  Now  Englanders  for  the  cultivation 
of  oranges,  lemons,  figs,  and  grapes.  Two  irrigating  canals 
have  been  constructed,  one  of  which  cost  $50,000.  Riverside 
has  a  church,  a  pottery,  and  manufactures  of  raisins,  cab- 
inet furniture,  &o.     Pop.  about  500. 

Riverside,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lake  co.,  Col.,  at  the  base 
of  Mount  Harvard,  90  miles  W.  of  Colorado  Springs.  Gold 
and  silver  are  found  here. 

Riverside,  a  post-village  in  Greenwich  township,  Fair- 
field CO.,  Conn.,  on  Long  Island  Sound,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Mianus  River,  and  on  the  New  York  &  New  Haven  Rail- 
road, 30  miles  N.E.  of  New  York,  and  3i  miles  S.W.  of 
Stamford.  It  is  contiguous  to  Mianus,  and  contains  2 
churches,  2  public  schools,  and  2  private  schools. 

Riverside,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  S.D.,  on  the  Ver- 
railion  River,  6  miles  S.  of  Centreville. 

Riverside,  a  hamlet  of  Berrien  co.,  Ga.,  on  Little 
River  and  the  Brunswick  &  Albany  Railroad,  38  miles  E. 
by  S.  of  Albany.     It  has  a  steam  saw-mill  and  11  houses. 

Riverside,  a  post-village  of  Cook  co..  111.,  on  the  Des 
Plaines  River  and  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Rail- 
road, 12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  a  seminary  and 
a  church.     Here  are  fine  parks,  and  costly  improvements. 

River  Side,  a  post-office  of  Fountain  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
AVabash  River,  and  near  Independence  Station  of  the 
Wabash  Railroad,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Lafayette. 

Riverside,  a  post-village  of  AVashington  co.,  Iowa,  on 
English  River  and  the  Muscatine  division  of  the  Burling- 
ton, Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad,  32  miles  AV.  of 
Muscatine.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  manufactures  of  flour,  ploughs,  &o.     Pop.  about  400. 

Riverside,  a  post-office  of  Ness  co.,  Kansas. 

River  Side,  a  hamlet  of  Ascension  parish.  La.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  8  miles  from  Donaldsonville.  It  has  a 
church,  2  stores,  and  a  saw-mill.    Sugar  is  made  here. 

Riverside,  a  post-village  in  Vassalborough  township, 
Kennebec  co..  Me.,  on  the  Kennebec  River,  and  on  the  Maine 
Central  Railroad,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Augusta.  It  has  a 
church. 

Riverside,  a  post-office  of  Charles  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Po- 
tomac River,  about  40  miles  below  Washington,  D.C. 

Riverside,  a  hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Mer- 
rimac  River,  is  a  part  of  Haverhill,  and  is  2  miles  below 
Haverhill  Station. 

Riverside,  a  post-hamlet  in  Gill  township,  Franklin 

'  CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  3  or  4  miles  N.E.  of 

Greenfield,  and  |  mile  from  Turner's  Falls.   It  has  a  church. 

Riverside,  a  station  in  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  Charles 
River  and  the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad,  at  the  junction 
of  the  Newton  Lower  Falls  branch,  11  miles  W.  of  Boston. 

Riverside,  a  post-office  of  Berrien  co.,  Mich. 

Riverside,  a  village  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  and  a  sub- 
urb of  Detroit,  is  in  Springwells  township,  on  the  Detroit 
River,  on  the  S.W.  border  of  the  city.  It  has  a  ship-yard, 
a  largo  tannery,  an  iron-forge,  copper-smelting-works,  and 
several  fine  residences. 

River  Side,  township,  Lac  Qui  Parle  eo.,  Minn,  P.  139, 

Riverside,  a  post-office  of  Shannon  co..  Mo. 

Riverside,  a  post-office  of  Burt  co.,  Nob.,  on  the  Mis- 
souri River,  10  miles  N.  of  Tekama. 

Riverside,  a  station  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad, 
near  the  Platte  River,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Fremont,  Neb. 

Riverside,  a  post-village  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Delaware  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Rancocas,  and  on 
the  Camden  &  Amboy  Railroad,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Camden. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  pottery,  a  summer  boarding-house,  a 
cannery  of  fruit,  <tc. 

Riverside,  a  station  of  the  New  Jersey  Midland  Rail- 
road, on  the  Passaic  River,  li  miles  N.  of  Paterson,  N.J. 

Riverside,  a  post-hamlet  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Susquehanna  River,  2^  miles  from  Great  Bend,  Pa. 

Riverside,  a  station  in  Warren  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hud- 
son River  and  the  Adirondack  Railroad,  50  miles  N.  of  Sara- 
toga Springs.   Here  is  a  suspension-bridge  over  the  Hudson. 


\ 


River  Side,  a  post-village  of  Hamilfi, 
Ohio  River  and  the  Indianapolis,  Cincin\ 
Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Cincinnati.     Pop. , 

Riverside,  a  post-office  of  Columbia  \ 
the  Nehalem  River.  \ 

Riverside,  a  post-borough  in  Rush  tot 
umberland  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  North  Branch  o 
hanna  River,  opposite  Danville.     It  has  a        -.«u  and  a 
boiler-shop. 

Riverside,  a  station  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad, 
Pittsburg  division,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

Riverside,  a  post-office  of  Oconee  co.,  S.C.,  on  the 
Tugaloo  River,  20  miles  W.  of  AValhalla. 

Riverside,  a  post-village  of  Walker  co.,  Tex.,  on  tho 
Trinity  River,  and  on  the  International  &  Great  Northern 
Railroad,  79  miles  N.  of  Houston.  It  has  a  fine  hotel,  2 
stores,  and  a  valuable  stone-quarry. 

Riverside,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pacific  co.,  AVashington, 
on  the  navigable  AVillopa  River,  20  miles  E.  of  Oystervillc. 
It  has  a  saw-mill. 

River  Side,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  AV.  Va.,  45 
miles  S.W.  of  Hinton.     It  has  a  church. 

Riverside,  a  hamlet  of  Lafayette  co.,  AVis.,  on  tho 
Pecatonica  River,  and  on  the  Mineral  Point  Railroad,  1  mile 
N.  of  Gratiot.     It  has  a  grist-mill, 

Riv'erside,  a  seaport  of  New  Brunswick,  co.  of  Albert, 
on  Shepody  Bay,  39i  miles  from  Salisbury, 

River  Sioux,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Missouri  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Little  Sioux,  and 
on  the  Sioux  City  &  Pacific  Railroad,  IJ  miles  from  Littlo 
Sioux,  and  52  miles  S.S.E.  of  Sioux  City. 

Rivers  Land'ing,  a  post-office  of  Concordia  parish.  La, 

River  Springs,  a  post-office  of  St.  Mary's  co.,  Md. 

River  Station,  a  post-office  of  Maury  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
Duck  River,  and  on  the  railroad  between  Nashville  and 
Columbia. 

Riv'erstown,  a  post- village  in  AVellington  co.,  On- 
tario, 9  miles  N.W.  of  Arthur.     Pop.  100. 

River  Street,  a  station  of  tho  New  York  &  New  Eng- 
land Railroad,  7  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Boston. 

River  Styx,  a  post-hamlet  in  Guilford  township,  Me- 
dina CO.,  0.,  5  miles  from  AVadsworth.  It  has  a  church,  a 
quarry  of  fine  Berea  sandstone,  and  a  petrifying  spring. 

Riv'ersvilie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Amherst  oo.,  Va.,  on 
James  River,  and  on  the  James  River  &  Kanawha  Canal, 
12  miles  S.E.  of  Amherst.  It  has  a  church  and  a  mino  of 
iron  ore. 

Riversville,  Marion  eo.,  AV^.  Va.    See  Rivesvili,e. 

Riv'erton,  a  post- village  in  Barkhamstead  township, 
Litchfield  co.,  Conn.,  on  Farmington  River,  4  miles  N.E.  of 
AA'insted,  and  about  25  miles  N.W.  of  Hartford.  It  has  2 
or  3  churches,  a  paper-mill,  and  a  scythe-factory.     P.  335, 

Riverton  (formerly  How'lett),  a  post- village  in  Clear 
Creek  township,  Sangamon  co.,  111.,  on  the  Sangamon 
River,  and  on  the  AVaba.^sh  Railroad,  6i  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Springfield.  It  has  3  churches,  a  distillery,  a  paper-mill, 
and  a  coal-mine.     Pop.  in   1890,  1127. 

Riverton,  a  township  of  Clay  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  280. 

Riverton,  a  village  of  Floyd  co.,  Iowa,  in  Riverton 
township,  on  the  Red  Cedar  River,  about  9  miles  S.E.  of 
Charles  City.     Pop.  of  tho  township,  925. 

Riverton,  a  post-village  in  Riverton  township,  Fre- 
mont CO.,  Iowa,  on  Nishnabatona  River,  and  on  the  Bur- 
lington &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Hum- 
burg,  and  7  miles  S.E.  of  Sidney.  It  has  a  newspaper  of- 
fice, 2  churches,  a  bank,  and  2  flour-mills.     Pop.  456. 

Riverton,  a  post-office  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas,  16  miles 
S.  of  Hutchinson. 

Riverton,  a  hamlet  of  Greenup  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  nearly  1  mile  from  Greenupsburg.  It  is  tho  N. 
terminus  of  the  Eastern  Kentucky  Railroad,  23  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Grayson. 

Riverton,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVioomico  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Nanticoke  River,  about  15  miles  N.AV.  of  Salisbury. 

Riverton,  a  post-township  in  the  S.  part  of  Mason  co., 
Mich.,  about  40  miles  N.  of  Muskegon.  It  is  partly  drained 
by  the  South  Branch  of  the  Marquette  River.     Pop,  704. 

Riverton,  a  post-village  of  Bolivar  co..  Miss.,  on  tho 
Mississippi  River,  2  miles  S.E.  of  Florey ville.  It  has  sev- 
eral stores  and  a  church. 

Riverton,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Franklin  co., 
Neb.,  on  Republican  River,  and  on  tho  Republican  Valley 
Railroad,  15  miles  E.  of  Bloomington. 

Riverton,  a  post-village  in  Cinnaminson  township, 
Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  on  tho  Delaware  River,  and  on  th« 
Camden  <fc  Amboy  Railroad,  8  miles  N,E.  of  Camden.  It 
has  a  church. 


RIV 


2288 


ROA 


Kivertoilt  a  po8t-ritlag«  of  Warren  oo.,  Va.,  on  the 
Shenandoah  River  and  the  Virginia  Midland  llailrood,  at 
Kiver  Station,  2  miles  W.  of  Front  Royal,  and  9  inilea  £. 
of  Straaburg.  It  baa  2  ohurohcs,  and  manufactures  of 
flour,  liino,  and  barrels. 

Kiv'ertown,  a  post-oSico  of  Campbell  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Chattahouchco  River,  9  luilos  from  Palmetto  Station. 

Kiver  Trent,  Ontario.    See  Trbnton. 

lliver  Vale,  a  post-offloe  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.,  at 
Soottville  Station  on  the  Ohio  A  Mississippi  Railroad,  where 
it  crosses  the  East  Fork  of  White  River,  6  miles  E.  of 
Mitchell. 

Uiv^ervnle',  a  post-hamlet  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  near 
the  Ilaukonsack  River,  2  miles  from  Hillsdale  Station,  and 
about  24  miles  N.  of  New  York.  It  has  a  manufactory  of 
folding  chairs. 

Uiv^erview',  a  post-ofiSce  of  Lyon  oo.,  Iowa. 

Kiverview,  a  post-office  of  Rice  eo.,  Kansas,  16  miles 
from  Peace. 

lliverview,  a  post-office  of  JcfTorson  oo.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Ohio  River  and  the  Paduoah  A,  Elizabethtown  Railroad,  18 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Louisville. 

Kiver  View,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Osage  River,  35  miles  S.S.E.  of  Sodalia. 

Jliverview,  a  post-office  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.C. 

Kiverview,  a  station  of  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Monongahela  River  and  the  Pittsburg,  Virginia  &  Charles- 
ton Railroad,  29  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg. 

Kiverview,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Va.,  on  or 
near  the  Rappahannock  River,  25  miles  from  West  Point. 

River  View,  a  post-offico  of  Fayette  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
iho  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Rivervilie,  a  hamlet  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Ash- 
ford  township,  8  miles  W.  of  Machias.     It  has  2  churches. 

Kives,  reev,  a  town  of  France,  in  Is^re,  16  miles  N.W. 
of  Grenoble.     Pop.  1471. 

Kives,  rirz,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Mioh.  Pop. 
1297.     It  contains  Rives  Junction. 

Kives,  Richland  oo.,  0.    See  Rome. 

Rives,  reovz,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Obion  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Paducah  A  Memphis  Railroad,  63  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Padueah. 

Rives,  reevz,  a  post-office  of  Prince  George  co.,  Va. 

Rivesaltes,  reev^zilt',  a  market-town  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Pyr6n6e8-Orientales,  5  miles  N.  of  Perpignan. 
Pop.  6077.     It  has  manufactures  of  excellent  wine. 

Kives  (reovz)  Chapel ,  a  post-office  of  Chatham  co.,  N.C. 

Rives  (rivz)  Junction,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  oo., 
Mich.,  in  Rives  township,  on  Grand  River,  11  miles  N.  of 
Jackson.  It  is  at  the  junction  of  the  Jackson,  Lansing  & 
Saginaw  Railroad  with  the  Grand  River  Valley  division  of 
the  Michigan  Central  Railroad. 

Kivesville,  reevz'vil,  or  Riv'ersville,  a  post-hamlet 
of  Marion  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Monongahela  River,  4  miles 
from  Fairmont.     It  has  a  church,  a  nursery,  and  3  stores. 

Riviera,  re-YC-4'r&,  a  district  of  Switzerland,  canton 
of  Ticino.     Chief  town,  Riasca. 

Riviera  di  Genoa,  rc-ve-i'r&  dee  jSn'o-&,  a  name 
given  to  two  portions  of  the  coast  of  the  Mediterranean,  in 
the  midst  of  which  Genoa  is  situated.  The  E.  part  is  called 
Riviera  di  Levante,  and  the  W.  part  Riviera  di  Ponente. 

Riviere  k  Jacques.    See  Dakota  River. 

Riviere  k  I'Onrs,  reeVo-aiu'  &  loor,  a  village  in  Chl- 
ooutimi  CO.,  Quebec,  56  miles  from  Chicoutimi.     Pop.  120. 

Rividre  au  Bocuf.    See  Buffalo  River. 

Riviere  au  Cuivre,  Missouri.    See  Copper  River. 

Rividre  Bois  Clair,  ree'vo-aiR'  hwk  klair,  or  Saint 
£douard,  sist  i'doo^aR',  a  post-village  in  Lotbiniere 
CO.,  Quebec,  6i  miles  from  Lotbiniere.     Pop.  300. 

Riviere  des  Acadieus,  ree've-aiR'  diz  i'kiMe-iN»', 
of  Louisiana,  flows  E.  through  Ascension  parish  into  Lake 
Maurepns. 

Riviere  des  Prairies,  reeVe-aia'dipri'ree',  a  post- 
villiige  in  Ilochelaga  co.,  Quebec,  15  miles  N.  of  Montreal. 

Riviere  du  Loup  en  Bas,  ree^vo-aiR'  dil  loo  p6N>  hi, 
or  Fra'serville,  a  post-village  and  watering-place  of 
Quebec,  co.  of  Temiscouata,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Law- 
rence, at  the  junction  of  the  Grand  Trunk  and  Intercolonial 
Railways,  127  miles  below  Quebec.  It  has  2  churches, 
about  20  stores,  several  hotels  and  mills,  2  foundries,  and  a 
tannery.     Pop.  1541. 

Rivibre  au  Loup  en  Ilant,  reeVe-aiR'  dli  loo  fbs* 
ho,  a  post-village  of  Quebec,  capital  of  Maskinonge  co.,  on 
the  N.  shore  of  Lake  St.  Peter,  22i  miles  above  Three 
Rivers.  It  has  a  church,  a  foundry,  2  tanneries,  and  sev- 
eral mills  and  stores.     Pop.  1500. 

Riviere  du  Sud,  Quebec.    See  Henrtvillz. 


Rivitre  Ouelle,  roe*ve-alR'  oo-dl',  a  post-villago  of 
Quebec,  CO.  of  Kamouraskn,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Law- 
rence, and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  92  miles  below 
Quebec.     It  contains  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  and  4  stores. 

Rivifere  Pilote,  reeVe-aiu'  pco'lOl',  a  town  on  the  S. 
coast  of  Martinique.     Pop.  6402. 

Riviere  Raisin,  roo*ve-aiu'  rA*zftN»',  orNcw  Lane'- 
aster,  a  post-village  of  Ontario,  eo.  of  Glengarry,  un  tht 
river  St.  Lawrence,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  54} 
miles  W.  of  Montreal.  It  contains  4  hotels  and  several 
stores.     Pop.  350. 

Riviire  Rouge,  the  French  name  of  the  Rkd  Rivbr. 

Rividre    Saint   Louis.     See  Saint  Stanislas  ue 

KOSTKA. 

Riviferc  Sal^e,  rceVe-aia'  alHi',  the  strait  which 
separates  Guadeloupe  into  two  islands. 

llivi^re  Sal6c,  a  town  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Marti- 
nique.    Pop.  2577. 

Jkivisondoli,  ro-ve-son'do-le,  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
Aquila,  8.E.  of  Sulmona.     Pop.  1309. 

llivoli,  ree'vo-le,  a  town  of  Italy,  8  miles  W.  of  Turin. 
Pop.,  with  environs,  5540.  It  has  a  palace,  numerous 
villas,  and  a  fine  botanic  garden,  with  manufactures  of  silks 
and  woollen  fabrics. 

Rivoli,  a  village  of  Italy,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Verona,  on 
the  Adige.     Pop.  1067. 

Rivolta,  re-vol'ti,  a  village  of  Lombardy,  near  the 
Adda,  15  miles  E.  of  Milan.     Pop.  3977. 

Riwaree,  re-w&-rce',  a  town  of  India,  50  miles  S.W. 
of  Delhi.     Pop.  24,603. 

Rix'eyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Culpeper  co.,  Va.,  about 
60  miles  S.W.  of  Washington,  D.C. 

Rix'ford,  a  post-village  of  Suwanee  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
Florida  Branch  of  the  Atlantic  &  Gulf  Railroad,  86  miles 
W.  of  Jacksonville,  and  4  miles  N.  of  Live  Oak.  It  con- 
tains 2  churches,  several  steam  flouring-mills  and  saw-mills, 
and  a  manufactory  of  naval  stores.  It  is  surrounded  by 
forests  of  pine,  magnolia,  hickory,  oak,  Ac.     Pop.  1000. 

Rixford,  a  post-village  of  McKean  oo.,  Pa.,  in  Otto 
township,  2  miles  from  Summit  City. 

Rixheim,  rix'himo  (Fr.  pron.  reex'Sm'),  written  also 
Rexen,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  on  the  Strasburg 
&  Basel  Railway,  3J  miles  E.  of  MUlhausen.     Pop.  3115. 

Rix's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Muskingum  co.,  C, 
about  15  miles  E.  of  Zanesville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Riznh,  or  Rizeh,  Asiatic  Turkey.     See  Reezab. 

Rjasan,  Russia.     See  Riazan. 

Rjhev,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Rzhev. 

Roa,  ro'i,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  49  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Burgos,  on  the  Douro.  Pop.  2861.  It  has  re- 
mains of  a  palace,  in  which  Ximenes  died  in  1517. 

Roachester,  Warren  co.,  0.     See  Rochester. 

Roach's  Point,  or  Kes'wick,  a  post- village  in  York 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  Lake  Simcoe,  2  miles  from  Bell  Ewart. 

Roach'ton,  a  post-office  of  Wood  co.,  0.,  on  the  Day- 
ton A  Michigan  Railroad,  12  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Toledo 

Roadhouse,  Illinois.    See  Roodiiouse. 

Road'side,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham  oo.,  Va.,  18 
miles  from  Harrisonburg.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Roads'town,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.J., 
6  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Bridgeton.  It  has  2  churches  and 
about  40  dwellings. 

Road'ville,  a  post-office  of  Charleston  co.,  S.C,  110 
miles  S.E.  of  Columbia. 

Roag,  Loch,  Iok  r5g,  a  large  and  intricate  inlet  of 
the  sea,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Lewis  Island,  Hebrides,  Scot- 
land, about  12  miles  in  length  and  8  miles  in  breadth. 

Roane,  rOn,  a  county  of  East  Tennessee,  has  an  are* 
of  about  450  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Clinch 
and  Ilolston  Rivers,  which  unite  at  Kingston  and  form  the 
Tennessee  River,  which  is  here  navigable.  The  surface  is 
hilly  or  mountainous,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests  of 
the  oak,  hickory,  pine,  and  other  trees.  This  county  com- 
prises a  part  of  the  Cumberland  Mountain.  The  soil  is  partly 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  grass,  cattle,  and  pork  are  tlio 
staple  products.  Among  its  mineral  resources  are  bitumi- 
nous coal,  iron  ore,  and  limestone.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Cincinnati,  New  Orleans  A  Texas  Pacific  and  Rockwood  A 
Tennessee  River  Railroads.  Capital,  Kingston.  Pop.  in 
1870,  15,622;  in  1880,  15,237;  in  1890,  17,418. 

Roane,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  West  Virginia,  has 
an  area  of  about  470  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Pocotaligo  River,  which  rises  in  it,  and  several  affluents  of 
the  Little  Kanawha.  The  Little  Sandy  and  Big  Sandy 
Creeks  also  rise  in  this  county.  The  surface  is  hlllyor 
undulating,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests,  in  which 


ROA 


2289 


ROB 


the  sui'ftr-maple  is  found.  Indinn  corn,  wheat,  oats,  cattle, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Ca])ital,  Spencer.  Pop. 
in  1870,  7232;  in  1880,  12,184  j  in  1890,  15,303. 

Roane's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Macon  cc,  N.C. 

Koan  Mountain,  North  Carolina,  is  near  the  N.  bor- 
der of  Mitchell  co.,  and  near  the  line  of  East  Tennessee. 
Its  altitude  is  about  6307  feet.  Its  summit  commands  a 
riew  of  nearly  400  mountain-peaks. 

Roan  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Carter  co.,  Tenn. 

Roann,  ro-an',  a  post-village  of  Wabash  co.,  Ind.,  on 
Eel  River,  and  on  the  Detroit,  Eel  River  <fc  Illinois  Rail- 
road, 27  miles  E.N.E.  of  Logansport.  It  has  a  graded 
school  and  1  or  2  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  582. 

Roanne,  ro^inn'  (anc.  Rodum'na),  a  town  of  Franco, 
in  Loire,  40  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Lyons,  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  Loire,  which  hero  becomes  navigable.  Pop.  21,472. 
It  has  a  chamber  of  arts  and  manufactures,  and  a  com- 
munal college.  Situated  at  the  head  of  the  Canal  of  the 
Loire,  Roanne  is  the  entrep6t  of  an  extensive  commerce. 
It  has  manufactures  of  cottons,  muslins,  paper,  leather,  oil, 
crockery,  Ac,  and  noted  mineral  springs. 

Roanoke,  ro^an-ok',  a  county  of  Virginia,  has  an  area 
of  about  300  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  bj'  the  Staunton 
River,  and  also  drained  by  Craig's  Creek.  The  Blue  Ridge 
extends  along  the  S.E.  border  of  this  county,  which  is  part 
of  the  Great  Valley  of  Virginia.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  has  an  abundance  of  good  limestone. 
It  is  intersected  by  two  branches  of  the  Norfolk  &  Western 
Railroad,  one  of  which  connects  with  Salem,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  9350;  in  1880,  13,105;  in  1890,  30,101. 

Roanoke,  a  post-village  of  Randolph  co.,  Ala.,  about 
85  miles  N.E.  of  Montgomery,  and  40  miles  N.  of  Opelika. 
It  contains  2  churches,  and  the  Roanoke  Male  and  Female 
College.     Pop.  in  1890,  631. 

;,  Roanoke,  a  post-hamlct  in  Roanoke  township,  AVood- 
"  ird  CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago,  Pekin  &  Southwestern  Rail- 

lad,  120  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago,  and  6i  miles  N.E.  of 
iureka.    It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  2  drug- stores,  and 

warehouses.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  831. 

Roanoke,  a  post-village  in  Jackson  township,  Hunt- 

gton  CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Wabash  <fe  Erie  Canal,  and  on  the 

abash  Railroad,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office,  3  churches,  and  a  seminary.     Pop.  532. 

Roanoke,  a  post-village  in  Prairie  township,  Howard 
CO.,  Mo.,  about  16  miles  S.W.  of  Moberly.  It  has  2  churches, 
an  academy,  2  tobacco-factories,  and  2  broom-factories.  The 
village  is  i)artly  in  Randolph  co.     Pop.  207. 

Roanoke,  Putnam  co.,  0.     See  Leipsic. 

Roanoke,  a  city  of  Roanoke  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Roanoke 

iver,  258  miles  by  rail  AV.  of  Norfolk,  at  the  junction  of 
;wo  branches  of  the  Norfolk  <fc  AVestern  Railroad.  Roanoke 
is  in  a  live-stock,  tobacco-growing,  and  iron-mining  sec- 
"lOn,  and  has  a  large  and  increasing  trade.     From  a  small 

llage  in  1880  it  has  grown  to  a  city  of  importance,  with 
ihurches,  schools,  banks,  hotels,  an  opera-house,  a  court- 
ouse,  gas-  and  electric-lights,  large  machine-shops,  can- 
[ing-factories,  bottle-works,  a  rolling-mill,  a  tobacco-fae- 
ry, a  spoke-factory,  iron- works,  locomotive-  and  car-shops, 
aw-mills,  planing-mills,  coffee-  and  spice-mills,  Ac.  Three 
'daily  and  4  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Pop. 
■in  1880,  669;  in  1890,  16,169. 

Roanoke,  a  post-village  of  Lewis  co.,  AV.  Va.,  33  miles 

of  Clarksburg.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Roanoke  Island,  North  Carolina,  is  in  the  channel 

hich  connects  Albemarle  Sound  with  Pamlico  Sound.  It 
'1b  separated  from  the  mainland  by  Croatan  Sound. 

Roanoke  River  is  formed  by  the  Dan  and  Staunton 
'Rivers,  which  unite  at  Clarksville,  Mecklenburg  co.,  Va. 
It  passes  into  North  Carolina,  forms  the  boundary  between 
the  cos.  of  Halifax  and  Martin  on  the  right  and  North- 
ampton and  Bertie  on  the  left,  and  enters  the  AV.  end  of 
Albemarle  Sound.  Length,  nearly  230  miles.  Steamboats 
can  ascend  it  to  AVeldon. 

Roapoa,ro-4-po'i,  Treven'nen,Houapoo«,hoo*- 
J-poo-oo',  Uapoa,  or  Adams  Island,  one  of  the  Mar- 
quesas Islands,  in  the  Pacific,  58  miles  AV.  of  Tahuata. 
Lat.  9°  20'  S. ;  Ion.  14°  6'  AV.  Length,  10  miles.  On  its  AV. 
side  is  Port  Jarvis.     Pop.  900. 

Roar'ing  Branch,  a  post-village  in  Mclntyro  town- 
ship, Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad, 
28  miles  N.  of  AVilliamsport.  It  has  a  lumber-miU.  Coal 
is  found  near  this  place. 

Roar'ing  Creek,  of  North  Carolina,  enters  the  Yad- 
kin from  the  N.,  in  AVilkes  co. 

Roaring  Creek,  of  Pennsylvania,  falls  into  the  North 
Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  a  few  miles  above  Danville. 


Roaring  Creek,  a  township  of  Columbia  co.,  Pa., 
about  14  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Danville.     Pop.  486. 

Roaring  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  Pa., 
in  Locust  township,  5  miles  S.  of  Catawissa. 

Roaring  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  AV.  Ya,, 

Roaring  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  AVis., 
10  miles  S.AV.  of  Black  River  Falls. 

Roaring  Falls,  Shelby  co.,  Tenn,     See  Glencoe, 

Roaring  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Wilkes  co,,  N,C.,  50 
miles  N.  of  Statesville. 

Roaring  River,  a  post-office  of  Barry  co..  Mo. 

Roaring  River,  a  post-office  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C. 

Roaring  Run,  a  post-office  of  Botetourt  co.,  Va, 

Roaring  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Trigg  co.,  Ky., 
about  18  miles  S.AV.  of  Hopkinsville.     It  has  a  church. 

Roaring  Spring  (formerly  Spang's  Mills),  a  post- 
village  in  Taylor  township,  Blair  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Morrison's 
Cove  Branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  17  miles  S.  of 
Altoona.  It  has  3  churches,  a  paper-mill,  a  flour-mill,  2 
iron-furnaces,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  489;  in  1890,  920. 

Roaring  Water  Bay,  of  Ireland,  in  Munster,  co.  of 
Cork,  extends  inland  for  9  miles  behind  Cape  Clear. 

Ro^ark',  a  township  of  Gasconade  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  3033. 

Roasio,  ro-i'se-o,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  18 
miles  N.N.AV.  of  Vercelli.     Pop.  2235. 

Roatan,  a  AVest  India  island.     See  Ruatan. 

Ro'bard's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Henderson  co., 
Ky.,  on  the  St.  Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  13  miles  S. 
of  Henderson. 

Robb,  a  township  of  Posey  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1781. 

Rob'ben  Island,  an  islet  off  the  Cape  of  Good  Hope, 
at  the  entrance  of  False  Bay.  Lat.  33°  48'  S, ;  Ion.  1 8" 
22'  E.     It  has  a  lunatic  asylum  and  a  leper  colony. 

Robbiate,  rob-be-4'td,  or  Robiato,  ro-be-i'to,  a  vil- 
lage of  Italy,  province  of  Como.     Pop.  1272. 

Rob'bins,  a  post-office  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  on  the 
Junction  A  Breakwater  Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of  Milford, 

Robbins,  a  station  of  Pike  co.,  0.,  on  the  Springfield, 
Jackson  A  Pomeroy  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of  AVaverly. 

Robbins,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Barnwell  co.,  S.C, 
on  the  Port  Royal  Railroad,  28  miles  S.E.  of  Augusta,  Ga. 

Robbins  Cross  Roads,  post-office,  Jefferson  co.,  Ala. 

Robbins  Plantation,  a  township  of  AVashington  co., 
Me.     Pop.  4, 

Rob'binston,  a  post-village  in  Robbinston  township, 
AVashington  co..  Me.,  on  Passamaquoddy  Bay,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  St.  Croix  River,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Calais.    Pop.  926. 

Rob'binsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Camden  A  Amboy  Railroad,  at  Newtown  Station,  7  miles 
N.E.  of  Bordentown,     It  has  a  church. 

Robbinsvilie,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Graham  co,, 
N.C,  65  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mary  ville,  Tenn.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  Peabody  school. 

Robbio,  rob'be-o,  a  town  of  Italy,  11  miles  S.AV.  of 
Novara.     Pop.  4477. 

Robbs'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Roane  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  an  iron-forge. 

Robe,  rOb,  a  river  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Mayo,  rises  near 
Clare,  and,  after  a  AV.  course  of  26  miles,  enters  Lough 
Mask,  2  miles  W.  of  Ballinrobe, 

Robecco,  ro-b6k'ko,a  town  of  Lombardy,  on  the  Oglio, 
7  miles  N.  of  Cremona.     Pop.  2703. 

Robecq,  ro^bfik',  a  village  of  France,  in  Pas-de-Calais, 
5  miles  N.W.  of  B^thune.     Pop.  1465. 

Robel,  ro'bfil,  a  town  of  Mecklenburg-Schwerin,  34 
miles  S.E.  of  Giistrow,  on  Lake  MUritz,     Pop,  3523, 

Robella,  ro-bfil'li,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Ales- 
sandria.    Pop.  1344. 

Robella,  Alleghany  co..  Pa.    See  Bellevub. 

Roberson  (rob'?r-son)  Fork,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mar- 
shall CO.,  Tenn,,  5  miles  E.  of  Lynnville  Station.  It  has  a 
church. 

Roberson's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bledsoe 
CO.,  Tenn.,  44  miles  N.  of  Chattanooga.     It  has  a  church. 

Rob'ersonville,  a  post-village  of  Martin  co,,  N,C.,  20 
miles  E.  of  Tarborough.     It  has  a  church, 

Robert,  Le,  l^h  ro^baiii',  a  town  on  the  E.  coast  of  the 
island  of  Martinique,     Pop.  5853. 

Robert  Bayou,  bi'oo,  of  Louisiana,  is  connected  witli 
Red  River  near  Alexandria. 

Robert  Islands,  Pacific  Ocean,    See  Marquesas. 

Rob'erts,  a  county  of  the  Panhandle  of  Texas.  Area, 
900  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Canadian  River.* 
The  Atchison,  Topeka  A  Santa  F6  Railroad  passes  through 
its  S.E.  corner.     Capital,  Parnell.     Pop.  in  1890,  326. 

Roberts^  a  post- village  in  Lyman  township,  Ford  co., 


ROB 


2290 


ROB 


UK,  on  the  Qilmun,  Clinton  &  Springflold  Railroad,  50 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Ulooiiiington.  It  has  u  church,  a  graded 
school,  and  a  bank.     Pop.  about  300. 

llAbortS,  a  township  of  Marshall  oo,.  III.     Pop.  833. 

Roberts,  a  station  of  Mcoklonburg  oo.,  N.C.,  on  tho 
Carolina  Central  Railroad,  6  inilos  S.E.  of  Charlotte. 

Roberts,  a  township  of  Hampton  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  2630. 

Roberts,  a  hamlot  of  St.  Croi.x  oo.,  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago 
A  Northwestern  Railroad,  11^  uiilos  K.  of  Hudson. 

Rob'ertsdule,  a  post-village  of  iluntingdon  co.,  Pa., 
in  Carbon  township,  on  the  East  Broiul  Top  Railroad,  30 
miles  S.W.  of  Mount  Union.     Coal  is  luinod  here.    P.  604. 

Robert's  Island,  a  post-villago  in  Yaruiouth  oo., 
Nova  Sootia,  15  miles  from  laruioutli.     Pop.  150. 

Roberts  Land'ing,  post-oUicc,  San  Joaquin  co.,  Cal. 

Roberts'  Laudiug,  u  post-hamlct  of  St.  Clair  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  St.  Clair  River,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Detroit. 
Here  are  2  stores,  3  wharves,  and  a  manufactory  of  handles 
for  axes,  picks,  &c.     Fish  and  firewood  are  shijjpcd  horo. 

Rob'ertson,  a  small  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Ken- 
tucky. It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  and  W.  by  the  Licking 
River,  and  also  drained  by  the  North  Fork  of  that  river. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  billy.  The  soil  is  fertile.  In- 
dian corn,  tobacco,  and  gross  arc  the  staple  products.  Limo- 
Btone  is  found  here.  Area,  210  square  miles.  Capital,  Mount 
Olivet.     Pop.  in  1870,  5399;  in  1880,  5814;  in  1890,  4684. 

Robertson,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee,  borders  on 
Kentucky.  Area,  about  536  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  Red  River  and  Sulphur  Creek  or  Fork.  The  surface  is 
nndulating  or  hilly,  and  nearly  half  of  it  is  covered  with 
forests  of  the  ash,  gum,  oak,  walnut,  and  poplar  or  tulip- 
tree.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  tobacco, 
superior  whiskey  (of  which  a  large  quantity  is  made  here), 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Limestone  cro])s  out  in 
many  places.  This  county  is  inter.«ectcd  by  the  Louisville 
&  Nashville  Railroad.  Capital,  Springfield.  Pop.  in  1870, 
16,166;  in  1880,  18,861;  in  1890,  20,078. 

Robertson,  a  county  iu  the  E.  central  part  of  Texas, 
has  an  area  of  about  850  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Navnsota  River,  and  on  tho  S.W.  by  the  Bra- 
zos River.  Tho  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  good  timber.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Cotton,  cattle,  and  Indian  corn  are  tho  staple  products. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  tho  IIou8ton  &  Texas  Central 
Railroad  and  the  International  &  Great  Northern  Railroad. 
Capital,  Franklin.  Pop.  in  1870,  9990;  in  1880,  22,383; 
in  1890,  26,506. 

Robertson,  a  post-village  of  Hardin  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad,  about  10 
miles  N.  of  Eldora,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Rob'ertson's,  a  station  in  Fairfield  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
Charlotte,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  36  miles  N.  of 
Columbia. 

Robertson's,  a  post-ofGce  of  Anderson  co.,  Tenn. 

Robertson's,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co.,  Va. 

Robertson's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Stone  co..  Mo. 

Robertson's  Mills,  Ontario.    See  Dalkeith. 

Robertson's  (or  Robinson)  Station,  a  post-ham- 
let of  Harrison  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Kentucky  Central  Railroad, 
42i  miles  N.N.E,  of  Lexington. 

Robertson's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Gordon  co.,  Ga. 

Robertsonville,  Hardin  co.,  Ky.    See  Colesburg. 

Rob'ertsonville,  a  post-office  of  Coahoma  co..  Miss. 

Robertsonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y., 
about  33  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Port  Jervis.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Rob'erts  Run,  a  station  in  Venango  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  19  miles  S.  of  Franklin. 

Rob'ertsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Litchfield  co.,  Conn., 
4}  miles  N.  of  Winsted.  It  has  a  church  and  a  chair- 
factory. 

Robertsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Mo.,  on 
the  St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  R.ailroad,  43  miles  W.S.W. 
of  St.  Louis.     It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Robertsville,  a  hamlet  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  5 
miles  from  Marlborough  Station. 

Robertsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stark  co.,  0.,  about  10 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Canton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Robertsville,  a  hamlet  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa.,  in  Canoe 
township,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Indiana.     It  has  a  church. 

Robertsville*  a  post-hamlet  of  Hampton  co.,  S.C, 
about  75  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Charleston.     It  has  a  church. 

Robertsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anderson  co.,  Tenn., 
lOi  miles  E.  of  Clinton. 

Roberval,  ro^b^r-v&r,  or  Lac  Saint  Jean,  l&k  s&n<> 
Eh&N»,  a  post-village  in  Chicoutimi  co.,  Quebec,  on  Lake 
Bt.  John,  78  miles  W.  of  Chicoutimi.    Pop.  300. 


Robeson,  rO'b^-s^n,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  North 
Carolina,  borders  on  South  Carolina.  Area,  about  1040 
square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Lumber  Kiver,  ami  ia 
partly  drained  by  the  Little  Pedce  River  and  Rockfifh 
Crook.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  mostly  covered 
with  forests  of  hickory,  oak,  pine,  and  other  trees.  Th<» 
soil  ia  sandy.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  sweet  potatoes,  jiork, 
tar,  and  turpentine  are  the  staple  products.  Thi.<<  county  is 
intersected  by  the  Carolina  Central  Railroad,  Cape  Fear  k 
Yadkin  Valley  Railroad,  Maxton,  Alma  A  Rowland  Kail- 
road,  and  other  railroads.  Capital,  Lumberton.  Pop.  io 
1870,  16,262;  in  1880,  23,880;  in  1890,  31,483. 
Rubeson,  North  Carolina.  See  Bni.NKi.Ev's. 
Robeson,  a  towns'hip  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  about  0  miles 
S.  of  Reading,  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Schuylkill 
River.  Pop.  2483.  Robeson  Station  on  the  Wilmington  A 
Reading  Railroad  is  in  this  township,  64  miles  S.  of  lU-iidin^. 
Ro^beso'nia,  a  post-villnge  in  lleidolberf,'  towuKliip, 
Berks  co..  Pa.,  on  tho  Lebanon  Valley  Railroad,  12  uiilus 
W.  of  Reading.  It  has  a  church  and  iron-furnaces.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  Robesonia  Furnaces. 

Ro'beystown,  a  hamlet  of  Prince  George's  co.,  Md.,  4 
miles  W.  of  Cheltenham. 

Robiac,  ro'bo-&k',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gard,  12  miles 
N.  of  Alais.     Pop.  4290. 

Robiato,  a  village  of  Italy.    See  RonBiATE. 
Robideaux,  ro-be-dO',  a  township  of  Pulaski  co.,  Mo. 
Pop.  677. 
Robideaux  Creek,  Missouri.  See  Ronmnoux  Crkek. 
Robilante,  ro-be-lin'ti,  a  town   of    Italy,  7   miles 
S.S.W.  of  Coni.     Pop.  2677. 

Rob'in,  a  post-oflice  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa. 
Robin  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.C. 
Rob'in  Hood's  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  on  the  E. 
coast  of  England,  co.  of  York,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Whitby. 

Rob'in's  Nest,  a  post-village  in  Jubilee  township, 
Peoria  co..  III.,  about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Peoria.  It  is  the 
seat  of  Jubilee  College  (Episcopal),  organized  in  1847. 

Rob'inson,  a  station  in  Bent  co..  Col.,  on  tho  Atchison, 

Topcka  &  Santa  FC'  Railroad,  14  miles  W.  of  Las  Animas. 

Robinson,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Crawford  co..  III., 

in  Robinson  township,  on  the  Paris  &  Danville  Railroad, 

44  miles  S.  of  Paris,  and  25  miles  N.N.W.  of  Vincennes, 

Ind.     It  contains  2  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  graiied 

school,  and  a  bank.     Pop.  (1890)  1387 ;  oC  township,  2990. 

Robinson,  a  township  of  Posey  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1683. 

Robinson,  or  North  Robinson,  a  post-villnge  of 

Brown  co.,  Kansas,  on  Wolf  River,  and  on  the  St.  Joseph 

&  Denver  City  Railroad,  34  miles  W.  of  St.  Joseph,  and  9 

miles  E.S.E.  of  Hiawatha.     It  has  3  churches,  2  banks,  a 

flour-mill,  a  broom-factory,  Ac.    Coal  abounds  here.    Pup. 

about  400;  of  the  township,  1362. 

Robinson,  Kentucky.    See  RoBEnTSON'.s  Station'. 
Robinson,  a  post-office  and  station  of   Ottawa  co., 
Mich.,  in  Robinson  township,  on  tho  Chicago  &  Michigan 
Lake  Shore  Railroad,  23  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Muskegon.    Pup. 
of  tho  township,  528. 

Robinson,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  2419. 
Robinson,  a  station  of  the  Carolina  Central  Railroad, 
20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Wilmington,  N.C. 

Robinson,  Crawford  co.,  0.    See  North  Robixsox. 
Robinson,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.   Pop.  2275. 
Robinson,  township,  Washington  co.,  Pa.     P.  1798. 
Robinson,  a  post-village  of  McLennan  co.,  Tex.,  6 
miles  S.  of  Waco.    It  has  2  churches,  a  steam  cotton-gin, 
and  a  grist-mill. 

Robinson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  co..  Wis.,  about 
13  miles  N.E.  of  Green  Bay. 

Robinson,  a  post-village  in  Compton  co.,  Quebec,  on 
Salmon  Creek,  21  miles  N.E.  of  Lcnnoxville.     Pop.  300. 

Robinson  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  III., 
in  Rose  township,  on  tho  Indianapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railroad, 
6  miles  W.  of  Shelbyville. 
Robinson  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  Ky. 
Robinson's,  a  station  in  Merrimack  co.,  N.H.,  on  the 
Concord  Railroad,  5  or  6  miles  S.  of  Concord. 

Robinson's  Head,  a  fishing  hamlet  on  the  S.  side 
of  St.  George's  Bay,  Newfoundland,  10  miles  from  Sandy 
Point.    Pop.  125. 

Robinson's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wetzel  co.,  W.  Va., 
11  miles  from  Mannington.     It  has  a  church. 

Robinson's  River,  a  small  stream  of  Madison  co., 
Va.,  runs  nearly  southeastward,  and  enters  the  Rajiidan 
River  about  6  miles  N.  by  E.  from  Orange  Court-House. 
Rob'isonville,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co.,  Oregon. 
Robisonvilie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  co..  Pa.,  about 
20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bedford. 


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2291 


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Rob'ious,  a  post-office  of  Chesterfield  oo.,  Va.,  on  the 
Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  lOJ  miles  W.S.W.  of  Rich- 
mond. 

Robleda,  ro-Bli'Di,  a  village  of  Spain,  province  of 
Salamanca,  16  miles  S.  of  Ciudad  Rodrigo.     Pop.  1469. 

Robledo  de  Chavela,ro-Bld'DO  di  chi-va'lS,,  a  town 
of  Spain,  ))rovince  and  21  miles  W.  of  Madrid.    Pop.  1227. 

Rob'liiij  a  post-village  in  Lennox  co.,  Ontario,  10  miles 
from  Napanee.     Pop.  150. 

Robliu's  Mills,  Ontario.     See  Ameliasburg. 

Rob  Roy»  a  post-office  and  shipping-point  of  Jefferson 
CO.,  Ark.,  on  the  Arkansas  River,  6  miles  below  Pine  Bluff. 

Rob  Roy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fountain  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Indiana  North  ifc  South  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Attica,  find 
about  25  miles  S.W.  of  Lafayette.     It  has  2  churches  and 

2  flour-mills. 

Rob'son's  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Coahoma  co., 
Miss.,  on  the  Mississippi  River. 

Robiirento,  ro-boo-rfin'to,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
of  Coni.     It  has  a  fine  palace  and  2  churches.     Pop.  1372. 

Ro'by's  Corner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Merrimack  co., 
N.ll.,  on  the  Concord  &  Claremont  Railroad,  23  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  Concord. 

Ro'ca,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co.,  Neb.,  on  the  At- 
chison &  Nebraska  Railroad,  Hi  miles  S.  of  Lincoln. 

Rocaniadour,  ro^ki^mi'doon',  a  market-town  of 
France,  in  Lot,  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Gourdon.     Pop.  1646. 

Roca  Partida,  ro'ki  paii-tee'Di,  the  westernmost  of 
the  Rovilla-Gigedo  Islands  in  the  North  Pacific. 

Rocas,  ro'kis  (i.e.,  "rocks"),  an  island  of  the  Atlan- 
tic, 125  miles  N.E.  of  Cape  St.  Roque.  Lat.  3°  55'  S. ;  Ion. 
33°  43'  W. 

Rocca,  rok'ki,  an  Italian  word  signifying  "  rock"  or 
"fortress,"  forming  the  name  or  a  part  of  the  name  of  nu- 
merous small  towns  of  Italy  and  Sicily. 

Rocca,  rok'ki,  a  town  of  Sicily,  10  miles  W.  of  Mes- 
sina.   Po]).  2677. 

Rocca  Bianca,  rok'kS.  be-in'kS,  ("white  rock,"  or 
"white  fortress"),  a  town  of  Italy,  16  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Parma.     Pop.  of  commune,  5326. 

Rocca  Bruna.  rok'ki  broo'ni  (i.e.,  "brown  rock"), 
a  town  of  Italy,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Coni.     Pop.  3103. 

Rocca  Casale,  rok'ki  ki-si'14,  a  town  of  Italy,  5 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Sulmona.     Pop.  1772. 

Rocca  d'Arazzo,  rok'ki  di-rit'so,  a  town  of  Italy, 
20  miles  W.  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  2162. 

Rocca  d'Aspide,  rok'ki  dis'pe-di,  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  Salerno,  16  miles  S.  of  Campagna.     Pop.  5434. 

Rocca  de  Baldi,  rok'ki  di  bil'dee,  a  town  of  Italy, 
4  miles  N.W.  of  Mondovi.     Pop.  2664. 

Rocca  d'Evandro,  rok'ki  di-vin'dro,  a  town  of  Italy, 
26  miles  S.S.E.  of  Sora,  on  the  Garigliano.     It  has  a  castle, 

3  churches,  and  a  hospital.     Pop.  3242. 

Rocca  di  Corio,  rok'ki  dee  ko're-o,  a  town  of  Italy, 
18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Turin.     Pop.  2779. 

Rocca  di  Mezzo,  rok'ki  dee  mSd'zo,  a  town  of  Italy, 
13  miles  S.E.  of  Aquila.     Pop.  2268. 

Rocca  di  Neto,  rok'ki  dee  ni'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
Calabria,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Cotrone.     Pop.  1168. 

Rocca  di  Papa,  rok'ki  dee  pi'pi,  a  village  of  Italy, 
15  miles  S.E.  of  Rome,  on  the  site  of  the  ancient  Fahia. 
Pop.  3022. 

Rocca  Forte,  rok'ki  fon'ti  (i.e.,  "strong  fortress"),  a 
village  of  Italy,  province  of  Coni,  near  Novi.     Pop.  3568. 

Rocca  Gloriosa,  rok'ki  glo-re-o'si,  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  Salerno,  S.E.  of  Vallo.     Pop.  2814. 

Rocca  Grimalda,  rok'ki  gre-mil'di,  a  town  of 
Italy,  18  miles  S.  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  1886. 

Rocca  Imperiale,  rok'ki  im-pa-re-i'li,  a  town  of 
Italy,  in  Calabria,  on  the  Gulf  of  Taranto,  7  miles  N.  of 
Roseto.     Pop.  2164. 

Rocca  Mandolfi,  rok'ki  min-dol'fee,  a  town  of 
Italy,  6  miles  W.  of  Bojano.     Pop.  2966. 

Rocca  Monfini,  rok'ki  mon-fee'nee,  a  town  of  Italy, 
23  miles  N.W.  of  Caserta.     Pop.  4764. 

Rocca  Montepiano,  rok'ki  mon-ti-po-i'no,  a  town 
of  Italy,  S.S.W.  of  Chieti.     Pop.  2224. 

Rocca  Nova,  rok'ki  no'vi,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basili- 
cata,  E.N.E.  of  Lagonogro.     Pop.  2136. 

Rocca  Palomba,  rok'ki  pi-lom'bi,  a  town  of  Italy, 
".n  Sicily,  27  miles  S.E.  of  Palermo.     Pop.  3023. 

Rocca  Pieinonte,  rok'ki  pe-i-mon'ti,  a  town  of 
Italy,  7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Salerno.     Pop.  3682. 

Rocca  Rasa,  rok'ki  ri'si,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Aquila, 
S.E.  of  Sulmona.     Pop.  1858. 

Rocca  Roniana,  rok'ki  ro-mi'ni,  a  town  of  Italy, 
N.N.W.  of  Caserta.     Pop.  1883. 


Rocca  San  Casciano,  rok'ki  sin  ki-shi'no,  a  vil- 
lage of  Italy,  37  miles  N.E.  of  Florence,  at  the  confluence 
of  the  Ridazzo  with  the  Montone.     Pop.  3943. 

Rocca  San  Felice,  rok'ki  sin  fa-lee'chi,  a  town  of 
Italy,  2  miles  N.  of  Sant'  Angelo  del  Lombardi.  Near  it  is 
Lago  di  Amsancto.     Pop.  1611. 

Rocca  San  Giovanni,  rok'ki  sin  jo-vin'nee,  a  town 
of  Italy,  E.  of  Lanciano,  near  the  Adriatic.     Pop.  2171. 

Rocca  Secca,  rok'ki  sfik'ki,  a  town  of  Italy,  12  miles 
S.  of  Sora.     Pop.  5476. 

Rocca  Sparvera,  rok'ki  spaR-vi'ri,  a  village  of 
Italy,  in  Coni,  near  the  Stura.     Pop.  1165. 

Rocca  Strada,  rok'ki  stri'di,  a  walled  town  of  Italy, 
17  miles  N.N.E.  of  Grosseto.     Pop.  8127. 

Rocca  Vione,  rok'ki  ve-o'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  6  miles 
S.W.  of  Coni.     Pop.  2639. 

Roccella,  rot-chfil'li,  a  town  of  Sicily,  37  miles  S.W. 
of  Messina,  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Etna.     Pop.  1934. 

Roccella,  a  town  of  Sicily,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cofald, 
on  the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  2000. 

Roccella,  La,  li  rot-chfil'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the 
Mediterranean,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Gerace.     Pop.  6088. 

Rocchetta,  rok-kSt'ti  ("little  rock,"  or  "little  for 
tress"),  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Avellino,  18  miles  N.E. 
of  Sant'  Angelo  dei  Lombardi.     Pop.  3949. 

Rocchetta  del  Tanaro.    See  Rochetta  del  Ta- 

NARO. 

Rocchetta  Ligure,  rok-kSt'ti  lee-goo'ri,  a  town  of 
Italy,  22  miles  N.N.E.  of  Genoa.     Pop.  1238. 

Rochdale,  rotch'd^l,  a  borough  of  England,  in  Lanca- 
shire, at  a  railway  junction,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Manches- 
ter, on  both  sides  of  the  Roch,  on  the  Rochdale  Canal,  and 
Calder  &  Hebble  Navigation.  It  is  irregularly  built,  but 
nearly  all  the  streets  are  well  paved  and  lighted  with  gas, 
and  an  abundant  supply  of  water  is  obtained.  Most  of  the 
houses  are  built  of  brick  or  of  stone  obtained  from  quarries 
in  the  vicinity.  The  original  parish  church  is  a  venerable 
structure  of  the  twelfth  century,  finely  situated  on  a  lofty 
height,  and  approacted  from  the  lower  part  of  the  town  by 
a  flight  of  122  steps.  The  staple  manufactures  are  wooUeD 
goods,  chiefly  baize,  flannels,  blankets,  and  kerseys,  and  cot- 
ton goods,  chiefly  calicoes.  There  are  also  various  cotton- 
mills,  at  which  warps  and  yarn  are  spun.  Other  manu- 
factures of  importance  are  hats,  machines,  <fcc.  In  the 
vicinity  are  freestone-quarries,  iron-mines,  and  extensive 
collieries.  Rochdale  is  a  place  of  considerable  antiquity, 
and  had  a  Roman  station  in  its  vicinity.  Its  woollen  man- 
ufactures appear  to  have  been  introduced  by  the  Flemings 
in  the  reign  of  Edward  III.  It  sends  one  member  to  Par- 
liament.    Pop.  in  1881,  68,86«;  in  1891,  71,458. 

Roch'dale  (formerly  Clapp'ville),  a  post-village  in 
Leicester  township,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston  A 
Albany  Railroad,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Worcester.  It  has  2 
churches  and  2  flannel-mills. 

Roche,  rosh,  a  French  word  (like  the  Italian  Rocca), 
signifying  "rock"  or  " fortress,"  forming  a  prefix  to  nu- 
merous names  of  communes,  towns,  and  villages  of  France. 

Roche,  La,  France.    See  La  Roche. 

Roche-k-Cri,  rosh-i-kree,  post-office,  Adams  co..  Wis. 

Roche  h  Gris,  rosh-i-gre',  a  small  river  of  Adams 
CO.,  Wis.,  flows  southwestward  into  the  Wisconsin  River. 

Roche- Chalais,  La,  France.  See  La  Roche-Chalais. 

Rochechouart,  rosh^shoo^aR',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Haute-Vienne,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Vienne,  20  miles  W.  of 
Limoges.     Pop.  1754. 

Roche-de-Glun,  rosh  d^h  gliiN»,  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  DrSme,  near  Valence.     Pop.  1949. 

Itochefort,  rosh^foR'  or  rotch'fcjrt,  a  town  of  France, 
near  its  W.  coast,  department  of  Charente-InfSrieure,  20 
miles  S.S.E.  of  La  Rochelle,  on  the  Charente,  7  miles  from 
its  mouth.  Lat.  of  the  hospital,  46°  56'  6"  N.;  Ion.  0°  57' 
7"  W.  Pop.  33,334.  Rochefort  is  fortified,  and  forms  the 
third  military  port  of  France.  It  is  surrounded  by  ramparts 
planted  with  trees,  and  has  a  tribunal  of  commerce,  a  school 
of  hydrography,  a  national  college,  a  botanic  garden,  and  a 
maritime  museum.  In  the  military  port  the  largest  vessels 
float  at  all  times.  Attached  to  it  are  a  prison  and  a  naval 
hospital.  The  commercial  port  admits  vessels  of  800  tons 
close  to  the  quays.  The  arsenal,  one  of  the  largest  in 
France,  has  immense  magazines,  cannon-foundries,  and 
ship-building  docks.  Rochefort  was  only  a  small  town 
when  Louis  XIV.  commenced  its  extension  in  1666.  It 
has  manufactures  of  chronometers  and  farina,  and  exports 
wine,  brandy,  grain,  &o. 

Rochefort,  rosh^fou',  a  town  of  Belgium,  province  and 
27  miles  S.E.  of  Namur.     Pop.  1720. 

Rochefoucauld,  La.     See  La  Rochekoucauld. 


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Roche-PAbeillef  roshMi^bil',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Haute- Vienne,  6  miles  N.N.B.  of  Saint-Yrieix.    Pop.  1382. 

Kochelle«  a  town  of  France.    See  La  Kochkllr. 

Rochelle,  ro-shAl',  a  post-village  in  Flagg  township, 
Ogle  00.,  III.,  on  the  Chicago  A  Iowa  Knilroiul  where  it 
srosses  the  Chicago  A,  Northwestern  Railroad,  75  miles  W. 
of  Chicago,  23  miles  K.  by  N.  of  Dixon,  and  27  miles  S.  of 
Kockfoi-d.  It  contains  1  or  2  newspaper  offices,  2  national 
banks,  b  churches,  a  flouring-mill,  and  2  foundries.  It  is 
connected  with  Rockfurd  by  a  branch  railroad. 

Rochelle,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Va. 

Uochcllc,  or  Sainte  Anne  de  Stukley,  a  post- 
village  iu  Shetford  co.,  Quebec,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Waterloo. 

Kochelle  Park,  a  post-office  of  liergen  oo.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Now  Jersey  Midland  Railroad,  4^  miles  E.  of  Paterson. 

Kochemaiire,  rosh^mOit',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ar- 
ddohe,  near  the  Rhone,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Privas.     Pop.  1195. 

Roche  Perc6e  (rSsh  per-si')  Creek,  Missouri,  runs 
southward  through  Boone  co.,  and  enters  the  Missouri  9 
miles  S.W.  of  Columbia.     It  is  nearly  60  miles  long. 

Roclieport,  rQsh'port,  a  post-village  in  Missouri 
township,  Boone  oo..  Mo.,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Missouri 
River,  10  miles  below  Boonville,  and  about  12  miles  W.  of 
Columbia.  It  has  a  savings-bank,  2  large  steam  mills, 
and  5  churches.     Pop.  823. 

Roche-Posay,  La.    See  La  Roche-Posat. 

Roch'ester,  a  city  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  at  a  rail- 
way junction,  28  miles  E.S.E.  of  St.  Paul's,  London,  and  7 
miles  S.E.  of  Qravesend.  It  is  situated  on  the  Medway, 
and,  with  Chatham  on  the  E.  and  Stroud  on  the  W.,  it  pic- 
turesquely surrounds  Chatham  Harbor.  It  has  a  cathedral, 
one  of  the  Qnest  specimens  of  Norman  and  early  English 
architecture,  a  grammar-school  founded  in  1542,  St.  Cath- 
erine's Hospital  for  Poor  Women,  founded  in  1315,  Watt's 
Hospital,  Hayward's  House  of  Industry,  a  town  hall,  a  cus- 
tom-house, theatre,  assembly-room,  two  modern  forts,  sev- 
eral remains  of  ancient  walls,  gateways,  and  monastic 
structures,  and,  on  a  rock  rising  from  the  river,  majestic 
ruins  of  a  Norman  castle.  Coal  is  extensively  imported, 
and  hops  are  exported.  It  sends  two  members  to  the  House 
of  Commons.     Pop.  in  1881,  21,307;  in  1891,  26,309. 

Roch'ester,  a  post-village  in  Rochester  township,  San- 
gamon CO.,  III.,  on  the  South  Fork  of  the  Sangamon  River, 
and  on  the  Springfield  division  of  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi 
Railroad,  7i  miles  S.E.  of  Springfield.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 1440. 

Rochester,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Fulton  co.,  Ind., 
in  Rochester  township,  on  the  outlet  of  a  small  lake,  and  on 
the  Indianapolis,  Peru  <t  Chicago  Railroad,  60  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Laporte,  and  24  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Logansport.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house,  7  churches,  a  national  bank,  2  news- 
paper offices,  and  a  graded  school,  and  has  manufactures  of 
woollen  goods,  sash,  doors,  and  blinds.  Pop.  in  1890,  2467 ; 
of  the  township,  5063.  "The  township  is  bounded  on  the 
N.  by  the  Tippecanoe  River. 

Rochester,  a  hamlet  of  Noble  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Elk- 
hart River,  about  15  miles  W.  of  Kendallville,  and  2  miles 
S.E.  of  Ligonier.     It  has  extensive  water-power. 

Rochester,  a  post-village  in  Rochester  township,  Cedar 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Cedar  River,  about  20  miles 
N.  of  Muscatine,  and  7  miles  S.  of  Tipton.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  174;  of  the  township,  726. 

Rochester,  a  post-village  of  Butler  co.,  Ky.,  on  Green 
River,  about  33  miles  N.W.  of  Bowling  Green.  It  has  2 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  lumber,  and  tobacco. 

Rochester,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  parish,  La.,  about 
68  miles  E.S.E.  of  Shreveport. 

Rochester,  a  post-village  in  Rochester  township,  Ply- 
mouth CO.,  Mass.,  about  9  miles  N.E.  of  New  Bedford,  3 
miles  from  Buzzard's  Bay,  and  3  miles  W.  of  the  Cape  Cod 
Railroad.  It  contains  an  academy,  lumber-mills,  and  6 
churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1001. 

Rochester,  a  post-village  in  Avon  township,  Oakland 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Clinton  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Paint 
Creek,  10  miles  E.  of  Pontiac,  and  on  the  Detroit  &  Bay 
City  Railroad,  30  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Detroit.  It  contains 
4  churches,  2  or  3  flour-mills,  a  foundry,  2  paper-mills,  and 
2  woollen-mills.     Pop.  about  1100. 

Rochester,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Olmsted  co.,  Minn.,  is 
on  the  South  Fork  of  the  Zumbro  River,  and  on  the  Winona 
&  St.  Peter  Railroad,  60  miles  W.  of  Winona,  40  miles  E. 
of  Owatonna,  and  about  40  miles  S.  of  Red  Wing.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house,  a  high  school,  a  school-house  which 
30St  $80,000,  3  national  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  11 
shurches,  3  or  4  flouring-mills,  a  machine-shop,  a  furnace, 
and  extensive  manufactories  of  furniture,  pumps,  and 
wagons.    Pop.  in  1890,  6321. 


Rochester,  a  post-village  in  Rochester  township,  An- 
drew CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Platte  River,  15  miles  N.N.E  of  St. 
Joseph.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  and 
a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  218;  of  the  township,  2072. 

Rochester,  a  village  of  Madison  co.,  Montana,  about 
80  miles  8.  by  W.  of  Helena. 

Rochester,  a  post-village  in  Rochester  township, 
Strafford  oo.,  N.H.,  near  the  Cocheco  River,  10  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Dover,  78  miles  N.  of  Boston,  and  about  30  miles  E.  by 
N.  of  Concord.  It  is  on  a  branch  of  the  Boston  &  Main* 
Railroad,  is  the  terminus  of  the  Nashua  &  Rochester  and 
Portland  A,  Rochester  Railroads,  and  is  on  the  Portsmouth, 
Great  Falls  A  Conway  Railroad.  It  has  several  churches, 
a  high  school,  a  national  bank,  1  or  2  other  banks,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  extensive  manufactures  of  flannel,  blanket*, 
shoes,  <to.  The  township  contains  other  villages,  named 
Qonic  and  East  Rochester,  and  a  pop.  of  7396. 

Rochester,  a  city,  capital  of  Monroe  oo.,  N.Y.,  and  n 
port  of  entry,  is  situated  on  both  sides  of  the  Geneni'i' 
River,  7  miles  above  its  mouth  in  Lake  Ontario  (where  in 
Charlotte,  its  lake-port),  360  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Now 
York  and  76  miles  E.  of  Suspension  Bridge.  Lat.  4.'J° 
8'  17"  N.;  Ion.  77°  61'  W.  The  city  is  divided  in  almost 
equal  parts  by  the  Genesee,  which  here  descends  .300  feet 
within  3  miles  and  has  3  perpendicular  falls  of  96,  26,  and 
84  feet  respectively.  The  first  of  these  is  located  in  the 
heart  of  the  city  and  affords  immense  water-power.  The 
second  and  third  occur  in  a  deep  ravine  a  cou]ilu  of  miles 
farther  down  the  river,  the  power  being  largely  utilized  in 
varied  industries  and  manufactories.  From  the  upper  fall? 
almost  to  the  lake  the  river  flows  between  precij)itou8  wall- 
of  rock  ranging  from  100  to  300  feet  high,  presenting  soinc 
extremely  picturesque  views. 

Rochester  covers  an  area  of  20  square  miles.  The  sitf 
is  quite  elevated,  the  tracks  of  the  New  York  Central  A 
Hudson  River  Railroad  crossing  the  city  at  a  height  ol 
280  feet  above  lake-level,  and  from  this  the  altitude  range- 
to  440  feet,  the  highest  points  being  in  Mount  Hope  Ceiiif 
tery.  The  city  is  mostly  laid  out  in  squares,  with  street- 
generally  shaded,  and  from  66  to  upward  of  100  feet  in 
width.  The  principal  business  thoroughfares  are  Main, 
State,  St.  Paul,  Clinton,  and  Exchange  Streets.  The  fircl 
named  is  in  the  geographical  centre  of  the  city  and  crosses 
the  others  at  right  angles.  It  also  crosses  the  river  over 
a  handsome  substantial  bridge,  on  both  sides  of  which  are 
erected  large  business  blocks.  Another  remarkable  briiin;c 
structure  is  a  grand  aqueduct  of  cut  stone  (848  feet  lon^', 
with  a  channel  45  feet  wide),  supported  by  9  arches,  by 
which  the  Erie  Canal  crosses  the  Genesee  River.  Rochester 
is  noted  for  its  many  tall  and  handsome  buildings,  amonf,' 
the  more  noteworthy  being  the  city  hall,  a  handsome  edi- 
fice of  blue  limestone,  with  a  tower  173  feet  high;  tiic 
county  court-house,  of  brick,  trimmed  with  limestone,  willi 
a  tall  Ionic  portico ;  the  high  school,  or  Free  Academy,  of 
brick,  with  sandstone  trimmings ;  the  Arcade,  roofed  witli 
glass,  and  containing  a  number  of  retail  stores  and  offices ; 
the  Powers  Building,  an  immense  structure,  with  a  tower 
13  stories  high,  of  stone,  glass,  and  iron,  containing  Ijank.", 
retail  stores,  offices,  studios,  and  in  the  four  upper  stories 
a  fine  art  gallery,  which  is  said  to  have  cost  the  owner 
between  $2,000,000  and  $3,000,000.  Besides  these  build- 
ings are  the  Rochester  Savings-Bank  building,  of  brown 
stone,  9  stories  high;  the  German  Insurance  buildin;;,  10 
stories;  the  Wilder  building,  11  stories;  Powers  Hotel,  10 
stories;  Elwood  Block,  8  stories;  Ellwanger  &  Barry  build- 
ing, 10  stories ;  and  the  Granite  Block,  of  white  marble  and 
brown  granite,  13  stories  high.  In  addition  to  its  im- 
posing church  edifices,  of  which  there  are  more  than  100, 
including  several  French  and  German,  Rochester  contains 
numerous  libraries,  asylums,  homes  for  children,  old  women, 
Ac,  a  State  Industrial  School  with  accommodations  for 
900  boys  and  400  girls,  the  State  Hospital  for  the  Insan«y 
the  State  Deaf-Mute  Institute,  4  large  hospitals,  35  com*- 
modious  and  well-appointed  school-houses,  besides  th« 
buildings  of  the  University  of  Rochester  and  of  the  Theo- 
logical Seminary.  The  University  of  Rochester  is  nomi- 
nally a  Baptist  institution,  was  established  in  1846,  is  well 
endowed,  has  spacious  grounds  and  buildings,  and  includes 
a  fine  library,  one  of  the  best  geological  collections  in 
the  United  States,  a  fine  laboratory,  Ac.  The  Rochester 
Theological  Seminary  is  also  a  flourishing  Baptist  insti- 
tution, established  in  1850,  and  has  a  valuable  library, 
including  the  entire  collection  (4600  volumes)  of  the  ecol*- 
siastical  historian  Neander.  Rochester  is  entered  by  a  net- 
work of  railways,  the  principal  lines  that  centre  here  being 
the  New  York  Central  A  Hudson  River  (with  branches 
N.  to  Charlotte,  the  lake-port,  W.  to  Suspension  Bridge, 


I 


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^Hp»nd  B.  to  Auburn),  the  West  Shore,  the  Northern  Central, 
^^  the  Lehigh  Valley,  the  New  York,  Lake  Erie  &,  Western, 
the  Rome,  Watertown  <fc  Ogdensburg,  the  Buffalo,  Roch- 
ester <fc  Pittsburg,  the  Western  New  York,  and  the  Penn- 
sylvania. There  are  also  smaller  roads  to  minor  points, 
making  in  all  16  separate  lines  of  railroad  within  the  city. 
The  Erie  Canal  also  furnishes  an  important  channel  of  trade. 
The  foreign  commerce  of  Rochester,  carried  on  chiefly  by 
the  lakes,  is  extensive,  especially  the  coal  output,  Canada 
being  largely  supplied  with  coal  through  this  port.  Its 
domestic  trade  is  still  larger.  Its  vast  water-power  makes 
it  naturally  a  manufacturing  city,  and  while  it  holds  rank 
as  one  of  the  great  flour  producers  of  the  world,  its  manu- 
factures are  extensive  in  other  branches,  among  which  the 
leading  are  ready-made  clothing,  the  annual  value  of  which 
is  over  $20,000,000 ;  boots  and  shoes,  of  which  there  are  over 
150  factories  with  an  annual  product  of  over  $10,000,000; 
tobacco,  cigars,  furniture,  steam-engines,  carriages,  agri- 
cultural machinery  and  implements,  optical  instruments, 
bank  locks,  &c.  Rochester  is  also  famous  for  the  manufac- 
ture of  lager  beer,  there  being  only  two  or  three  other  cities 
in  the  country  where  a  larger  quantity  is  brewed. 

One  of  the  chief  industries  of  Rochester,  and  for  which 
it  is  noted  the  world  over,  is  its  nurseries.     It  has  an  im- 
mense trade  in  garden-seeds,  fruits,  plants,  and  trees.    The 
Reynolds  Library,  the  gift  to  the  city  of  the  late  Mortimer 
F.  Reynolds,  is  among  the  largest  endowed  libraries  in 
i   the  United  States,  its  collection  of  30,000  volumes  being 
i   soon  to  be  increased  to  100,000.     The  city  has  70  miles  of 
I   electric  street  railway.     Its  streets  extend  over  240  miles  ; 
it  has  over  2600  manufacturing  establishments,  employ- 
ing over  40,000  workmen ;  capital  invested  in  manufac- 
turing and  wholesale  trade,  $35,000,000;  value  of  manu- 
factured j)roducts,  $200,000,000  per  annum ;  water-power 
used   in   manufacturing,  6000   horse-power;   water-power 
t   undeveloped,  30,000  horse-power.     It  sustains  17  banks,  7 
1   daily  papers,  besides  several  weekly  and  monthly  publica- 

itions.     The  city  is  divided  into  20  wards,  and  its  govern- 
ment is  intrusted  to  a  mayor  and  a  board  of  aldermen,  with 
various  heads  of  departments  and  a  board  of  education  ;  it 
j   has  an  efiicient  police  system,  a  paid  fire  department,  a  fire 

!and  police  telegraph,  <tc. ;  its  streets,  stores,  and  houses  are 
lighted  with  gas  and  electricity,  and  it  is  fully  supplied 
with  water  by  two  systems,  separate,  but  capable  of  being 
consolidated  into  one  upon  occasion,  one  of  which  (operated 
under  the  llolly  patent)  draws  its  water  from  the  river,  the 
other  from  Hemlock  Lake,  29  miles  S.  of  and  400  feet  higher 
than  the  city.  The  first  settler  came  to  the  site  of  Roch- 
(  ester  as  early  as  1788,  but  the  settlement  did  not  actually 

!  begin  until  1810,  and  it  grew  very  slowly  until  after  the 
war  of  1812;  in  this  year.  Colonel  Nathaniel  Rochester 
commenced  the  permanent  improvements  by  the  erection 
of  a  mill  at  the  Upper  Genesee  Falls,  and  partly  laid  out  a 
village;  in  1817,  Rochesterville  was  incorporated,  and  the 
city  of  Rochester  in  1834,  since  which  time  it  has  steadily 
prospered  and  grown  in  population,  wealth,  and  importance. 
Pop.  in  1815,  331 ;  in  1820,  1502;  in  1830,  9207;  in  1840, 
20,191;  in  1850,  36,403;  in  1860,  48,204;  in  1870,  62,386; 
in  1875,  81,813;  in  1880,  89,366;  in  1890,  133,896;  in  1892 
(state  census),  144,834. 
Rochester,  a  township  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  3557. 
Rochester,  Columbiana  co.,  0.  See  East  Rochester. 
Rochester,  a  post-village  of  Lorain  co.,  0.,  in  Roch- 
ester township,  42  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Cleveland,  and  20 
miles  N.  of  Ashland.     Pop.  of  the  township,  691. 

Rochester,  a  hamlet  of  Noble  co.,  0.,  in  Noble  town- 
ship, near  Rochester  Station,  and  about  32  miles  N.  of 
Marietta.     It  has  a  church. 
Rochester,  or  Roachester,  a  village  in  Salem  town- 
ip,  Warren  co.,  0.,  near  the  Little  Miami  River,  2^  miles 
rail  N.  of  Morrow.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  155. 
Rochester,  a  post-borough  in  Rochester   township, 
leaver  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Ohio  River,  and  the 
bank  of  the  Beaver  River,  at  its  mouth,  26  miles  N.W. 
Pittsburg,  and  2  miles  S.  of  New  Brighton.     It  is  on 
lie  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad,  at  its  junc- 
ion  with  the  Cleveland  &  Pittsburg  Railroad.     A  bridge 
|»ver  the  Beaver  River  connects  Rochester  with  Bridge- 
water.     It  has  2  banks,  8  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
carriages,  coflBns,  tumblers,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  3649 ;  of  the 
township,  additional,  1012. 

Rochester,  a  post-village  in  Rochester  township, 
Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  among  the  Green  Mountains,  on  a  branch 
of  the  White  River,  about  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Rutland. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1444. 

_  Rochester,  a  post-village  in  Rochester  township,  Ra- 
tine CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Fox  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mus- 


2293 


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kego  River,  24  miles  W.  of  Racine,  and  about  26  milea 
S.W.  of  Milwaukee.  It  has  water-power,  and  contains  2 
churches,  the  Rochester  Seminary,  2  flouring-mills,  a  foun- 
dry, and  2  carriage-factories.     Pop.  392;  of  township,  844. 

Roch'ester,  or  Belle  River,  a  post-village  in  Essex 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  Great  Western  Railway,  208  miles  S.W. 
of  Toronto.  It  has  grist-  and  carding-mills,  several  hotels, 
and  stores.     Pop.  300. 

Rochester  Depot,  Lorain  co.,  0.    See  Rochester. 

Rochester  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Indiana  co..  Pa 
in  Canoe  township,  about  40  miles  N.W.  of  Altoona.     It 
has  a  flour-mill  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Rochettadel  Tanaro,  ro-kfit'ti  dfil  ti-ni'ro,  atown 
of  Italy,  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Asti.     Pop.  3270. 

Roch'ford,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Essex,  15J  miles 
S.E.  of  Chelmsford.     Pop.  of  parish,  1589. 

Roch'ford,  a  mining  post-village  of  Pennington  co., 
S.D.,  in  the  Black  Hills,  on  Rapid  Creek,  about  20  miles  S. 
of  Deadwood. 

Rochlitz,  roK'lits,  a  town  of  Saxony,  on  the  Mulde, 
16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Chemnitz.  Pop.  5769.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  merinoes. 

Rochlitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  34  miles  N.  of  Bid- 
schow.     Pop.  2067. 

Rock,  the  southwesternmost  county  of  Minnesota, 
borders  on  Iowa.  Area,  about  480  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  Rock  River  and  by  Beaver  and  Channarambe 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
The  staple  products  are  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  grass. 
The  greater  part  of  this  county  is  prairie.  It  is  traversed 
by  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  <fc  Omaha  and  Bur- 
lington, Cedar  Rapids  A  Northern  Railroads.  Capital, 
Luverne.     Pop.  in  1870, 138;  in  1880,  3669;  in  1890,  6817. 

Rock,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Wisconsin,  bordering 
on  Illinois,  has  an  area  of  about  720  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  Rock  River,  which  divides  it  into  nearly 
equal  parts,  and  is  also  drained  by  Sugar  and  Turtle  Creeks. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  diversified  with  beautiful 
scenery.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  This  county  contains 
extensive  prairies,  and  is  liberally  supplied  with  hard  tim- 
ber. Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  butter,  cattle,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  Good  Silurian  limestone  underlies 
part  of  the  soil.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago 
&  Northwestern  Railroad  and  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St. 
Paul  Railroad.  Capital,  Janesville.  Pop.  in  1870,  39,030 ; 
in  1880,  38,823;  in  1890,  43,220. 

Rock,  a  post-office  of  Yolo  co.,  Cal. 

Rock,  a  post-office  of  Pope  co.,  III. 

Rock,  a  post-hamlet  III  Lincoln  township,  Cerro  Gordo 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  Lime  Creek,  about  11  miles  N.W.  of  Mason 
City.     It  has  2  churches. 

Rock,  a  township  of  Lyon  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  197.  It 
contains  Rock  Rapids. 

Rock,  a  township  of  Mitchell  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  628. 

Rock,  a  township  of  Sioux  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  88. 

Rock,  a  township  of  Woodbury  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  84. 

Rock,  a  post-office  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas,  30  miles  S.E. 
of  Wichita. 

Rock,  a  township  of  Marshall  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  640. 

Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old 
Colony  Railroad,  14  milesS.W.  of  Plymouth.  It  has  a  church, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber,  packing-boxes,  staves,  Ac. 

Rock,  a  township  of  Jefferson  oo..  Mo.     Pop.  2896. 

Rock,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co..  Neb. 

Rock,  a  post-office  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Schuyl- 
kill A  Susquehanna  Railroad,  47  miles  N.E.  of  Harrisburg. 

Rock,  a  township  of  Rock  co..  Wis.     Pop.  1019. 

Rock^abe'ma,  a  post-office  of  Aroostook  co.,  Me.,  on 
Rockabema  Lake,  26  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Houlton. 

Rock'all,  a  lofty  and  rocky  islet  of  the  Atlantic,  150 
miles  W.  of  St.  Kilda,  in  lat.  57°  36'  N.,  Ion.  13°  41'  W. 
It  is  inhabited  only  by  sea-birds,  and  is  surrounded  by 
breakers,  but  is  visited  by  fishermen. 

Rock'alo,  a  post-office  of  Heard  co.,  Ga. 

Rc*ck'away,  a  post-village  in  Rockaway  township, 
Morris  co.,  N.  J.,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  on  the  Morris 
Canal  and  the  Morris  A  Essex  division  of  the  Delaware, 
Lackawanna  A  Western  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Mor- 
ristown,  and  3  miles  N.E.  of  Dover.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
rolling-mill,  an  iron-foundry,  a  forge,  and  a  grist-m.ill. 
The  township  contains  mines  of  iron  and  a  village  named 
Mount  Hope.     Pop.  of  the  township,  6033. 

Rockaway,  a  fashionable  watering-place  in  Hempstead 
township.  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Atlantic,  and  on  the 
Southern  Railroad  of  Long  Island,  18  miles  from  Brooklyn. 
It  contains  numerous  hotels  and  4  churches.  The  name  of 
its  post-office  was  changed  from   Rockaway  to  Lawrenc* 


ROO 


2294 


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Station  in  1876.  Near  here  is  Kockaway  Beach,  a  long, 
narrow  sand-bivr  or  poninsiula,  which  separates  Jamaica  Bay 
from  the  sea.  Steamboats  ply  between  Kockaway  and  Now 
fork  City. 

Rockaway«  a  post-office  and  station  of  Seneca  oo.,  0., 
on  the  Mans&eld,  Ooldwater  A,  Lake  Michigan  llailroad,  7 
miles  S.E.  of  Tiffin. 

llockaway  Ilcach,  a  station  of  the  Long  Island  Rail- 
road, 2(5i  miles  K.  of  Hrooklyn. 
Rocknwny  Ueach.  See  Rockaway. 
Rockaway  River,  New  Jersey,  intersects  Morris  co. 
with  a  very  sinuous  course.  It  runs  eastward  and  south- 
eitstwanl,  passes  Dover  and  Boonton,  and  enters  the  Passaic 
River  about  10  miles  N.W.  of  Newark. 

Rock  lllutff  a  po^t- village  of  Cass  co..  Neb.,  on  or 
near  the  Missouri  River,  about  40  miles  below  Omaha.  It 
is  7  miles  S.  of  Plattsmouth.     It  has  2  churches. 

Rock  Bot'toni,  a  post-hamlet  in  Stow  township,  Mid- 
dlesex CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Assabet  River,  and  on  the  Marl- 
borough Branch  of  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  about  25  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory 
of  flannel. 

Rock  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Woodbury  co.,  Iowa. 
Rock'bridge,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Vir- 
ginia, has  an  area  of  about  760  square  miles.  It  is  a  part 
of  the  Great  Valley  of  Virginia,  and  is  bounded  on  the 
S.E.  by  the  Blue  Ridge.  It  is  drained  by  the  North,  Calf 
Pasture,  South,  and  James  Rivers.  The  surface  is  diversi- 
fied, and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the 
chestnut,  maple,  oak,  tulip-tree,  Ac.  Among  its  physical 
features  is  the  celebrated  Natural  Bridge,  which  is  near  the 
James  River  and  crosses  Cedar  Creek  by  a  rocky  arch  about 
200  feet  high.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  is  partly  based  on 
good  Silurian  limestone.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  cat- 
tle are  the  staple  products.  The  James  River  Canal  passes 
through  the  southern  part  and  the  Chesapeake  A  Ohio  Rail- 
road and  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  traverse  this  county, 
both  of  which  connect  with  Lexington,  the  capital.  Pop. 
in  1S70,  16,058;  in  1880,  20,00H ;  in  1890,  23,062. 
Rockbridge,  Greene  co.,  III.  See  Sheffield. 
Rockbridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Ky.,  20 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Glasgow.     It  has  a  church. 

Rockbridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ozark  co..  Mo.,  60  miles 
S.E.  of  Marshfield.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 
Rockbridge,  Hocking  co.,  0.  See  Millville. 
Rockbridge,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rockbridge  township, 
Richland  co..  Wis.,  on  Pine  River,  about  60  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Madison,  and  9  miles  S.  of  Richland  Centre.  It  has  a 
lumber-mill.  The  township  huk  a  remarkable  natural 
bridge  and  a  tunnel  or  arch  where  Pine  River  passes 
through  a  hill.  The  top  of  the  bridge  is  about  60  feet 
above  the  water.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1132. 

Rockbridge  Alum  Springs,  a  post-office  and  water- 
ing-place of  Rockbridge  co.,  Va.,  38  miles  S.W.  of  Staun- 
ton, and  6  miles  S.  of  Goshen  Station.  Here  are  medicinal 
springs. 

Rockbridge  Baths,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort 
of  Rockbridge  co.,  Va.,  10  miles  S.  of  Goshen.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  hotel,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Rockbridge  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Boone  co..  Mo., 
6  miles  S.  of  Columbia.    It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 
Rock  Camp,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.,  9 
miles  E.  of  Ironton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 
Rock  Camp,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  W.  Va. 
Rock  Castle,  kas's^l,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central 
part  of  Kentucky,  has  an  area  of  about  280  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Rock  Castle  River,  and 
also  drained  by  Dick's  River.     The  surface  is  hilly  and 
mostly  covered  with  forests.     Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.     This  county  has  beds   of  bitu- 
minous coal.    It  is  intersected  by  a  branch  of  the  Louis- 
ville &  Nashville  Railroad  and  by  the  Kentucky  Central 
Railroad.     Capital,  Mount  Vernon.     Pop.  in  1870,  7145 
in  1880,  9670;  in  1890,  9841. 

Rock  Castle,  a  post-Lamlet  of  Trigg  co.,  Ky.,  on  tne 
Cumberland  River,  about  44  miles  E.S.E.  of  Paducah. 

Rock  Castle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Patrick  co.,  Va.,  about 
54  miles  W.N.W.  of  Danville. 

Rock  Castle,  a  post-office  of  Mason  co.,  W.  Va.,  about 
32  miles  N.W.  of  Charleston. 

Rock  Castle  River,  Kentucky,  drains  part  of  Jack- 
son CO.,  runs  in  a  S.8.W.  direction,  and  forms  the  boundary 
between  the  cos.  of  Laurel  and  Pulaski  until  it  enters  the 
Cuinl>orland  River.     It  is  nearly  65  miles  long. 

Rock  Castle  Springs,  a  post-office  and  summer  re- 
sort of  Pulaski  CO.,  Ky.,  on  Rock  Castle  River,  23  miles  E. 
of  Somerset. 


Rock  Cave,  Upshur  co.,  W.  Va.  See  Cp.ntuevillk. 
Rock  City,  Stephenson  co..  III.  See  Roc'k  lUm. 
Rock  City,  a  station  in  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.V.von  the 
Clean,  Bradford  <k  Warren  Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Olenti. 
Near  this  place  is  a  group  of  rocks  arranged  by  nature  likn 
the  buildings  of  a  town,  with  regular  streets,  and  coverinj.' 
about  100  acres. 

Rock  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Milan  township,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Hudson.  It  has  u 
church,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  shoos,  and  wagons. 

Rock  City  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y., 
on  Kayaderosseras  Creek,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Ballston,  and  ii bout 
32  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Albany.  It  hns  2  churches,  ami  : 
paper-mills  which  manufacture  manila  and  jjrinting  papei- 
Rock  Clitf,  a  post-office  of  Saguache  co.,  Col. 
Rock  Creek,  California,  runs  S.W.  between  Butte  and 
Tehama  cos.,  and  enters  the  Sacramento  River. 

Rock  Creek,  Illinois,  rises  in  Carroll  co.,  runs  south 
westward  in  Whiteside  co.,  and  enters  Rock  River. 

Rock  Creek,  Indiana,  rises  in  Cass  co.,  runs  westward, 
and  enters  the  Wabash  River  in  Carroll  co. 

Rock  Creek  rises  in  Montgomery  co.,  Md.,  runs  south- 
ward through  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  enters  the  P<i- 
tomac  River  at  the  upper  part  of  Washington,  forming  the 
boundary  between  that  city  and  Georgetown. 

Rock  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Adams  co.,  rii-t 
southward  into  Maryland,  and  enters  the  Monocacy  Rivcv 

Rock  Creek,  Wyoming,  runs  northwestward  throu;;;! 
the  Laramie  Plains,  and  enters  the  Medicine  Bow  River  in 
Carbon  co.  Its  source  is  near  Rock  Creek  Station  on  tlm 
Union  Pacific  Railroad.     Length,  about  80  miles. 

Rock  Creek,  a  post-oflice  of  Colbert  co.,  Aln. 

Rock  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Pike  co.,  Ark.,  35  milo,» 
S.W.  of  Hot  Springs.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Rock  Creek,  a  hamlet  of  Murray  co.,  Ga.,  15  miles  li 
of  Dalton. 

Rock  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Owyhee  co.,  Idaho. 

Rock  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Carroll  co..  III.  It 
contains  a  village  named  Lanark.     Pop.  of  township,  20bft. 

Rock  Creek,  township,  Hancock  co.,  HI.     Poj).  1201. 

Rock  Creek,  a  township  of  Hardin  co..  111.  Pop.  85('i. 

Rock  Creek,  a  township  of  Bartholomew  co.,  Ind 
Pop.  1203. 

Rock  Creek,  township,  Carroll  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1316. 

Rock  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rock  Creek  townshi].. 
Huntington  co.,  Ind.,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Huntington.  It  h;i.^ 
2  churches,  a  pump-factory,  and  a  saw-mill.  The  townshij) 
is  drained  by  the  Wabash  River.     Pop.  1639. 

Rock  Creek,  a  township  of  Wells  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  132B. 

Rock  Creek,  a  township  of  Jasper  co.,  Iowa.     P.  576.  j 

Rock  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.,  Iowa,  about 
15  miles  N.E.  of  Mason  City. 

Rock  Creek,  township,  Butler  co.,  Kansas.    Pop,  437. 

Rock  Creek,  township,  Coffey  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  312. 

Rock  Creek,  township,  Cowley  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  659. 

Rock  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Rock  Creek  township,  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6 
Railroad,  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Topeka.  Pop.  of  township, 
1147. 

Rock  Creek,  a  township  of  Nemaha  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
1135.     It  contains  Sabetha. 

Rock  Creek,  a  township  of  Pottawatomie  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  714.     It  contains  Westmoreland. 

Rock  Creek,  township,  Wabaunsee  co.,  Kan.    P.  133. 

Rock  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Pine  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Lake  Superior  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  59  miles  N.  of  St. 
Paul.     Pop.  of  Rock  Creek  township,  69. 

Rock  Creek,  a  station  in  Jackson  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Wyandotte,  Kansas  City  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  6  miles 
E.  of  Kansas  City. 

Rock  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Alamance  co.,  N.C. 

Rock  Creek,  township,  Guilford  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1082. 

Rock  Creek,  a  township  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C.     P.  960 

Rock  Creek,  Ashtabula  co.,  0.     See  Mohgan. 

Rock  Creek,  a  post-office  in  McMinn  co.,  Tenn. 

Rock  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Stevens  co.,  Washington. 

Rock  Creek,  a  township  of  Dunn  co.,  Wis.     P.  531. 

Rock  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Albany  co.,  Wyoming,  on 
the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  50  miles  N.N.W.  of  Laramie. 

Rock  Cut,  a  post-office  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C. 

Rock'dale,.a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Georgia 
has  an  area  of  about  1 26  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Ocmulgee  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  uneven.  The  soil 
is  partly  fertile.  This  county  is  traversed  in  a  southeasterly 
direction  by  the  Georgia  Railroad,  which  connects  with 
Conyers,  the  capital.     Pop.  in  1880,  6838  ;   in  1890,  6813. 

Rockdale,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  Ala 


ROC 


2295 


ROC 


Rockdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dubuque  cc,  Iowa,  on  the 
Mississippi  lliver,  2  miles  below  Dubuque.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  flour-mill. 

Rockdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Owen  co.,  Ky.,  16  miles  N. 
of  P'rankfort.     It  has  a  church  and  a  distillery. 

Rockdale,  a  post-oflice  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md. 

Rockdale,  a  post-village  of  Chennngo  co.,  N.Y.,  on  tha 
Unadilla  River,  and  on  the  Kevv  Berlin  Branch  of  the  New 
York  &  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  about  32  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Binghamton.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill, 
and  a  creamery. 

Rockdale,  a  hamlet  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  about  37  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  Philadelphia. 

Rockdale,  a  township  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.   Pop.  1664. 

Rockdale,  a  vilhige  in  Aston  township,  Delaware  co.. 
Pa.,  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Baltimore  Central  Railroad,  and 
on  Chester  Creek,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  cotton-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Rockdale,  a  station  on  the  Southern  Pennsylrania 
Railroad,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mercersburg,  Pa. 

Rockdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  and  on  the  Lehigh  River,  12i  miles 
above  Allcntown. 

Rockdale,  a  post-village  of  Milam  co.,  Te.\.,  on  the 
International  &  Great  Northern  Railroad,  61  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Austin.  It  has  several  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  a  seminary.     Pop.  about  1500. 

Rockdale  Mil  I  s ,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass., 
on  the  Housatonic  Railroad,  about  7  miles  S.W.  of  Lenox. 
It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Rockdale  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Pa., 
about  15  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Brookville.  It  has  several  stores, 
a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  about  100. 

Rockdale  Paper-Mills,  a  post-village  of  Rockdale 
CO.,  Oa.,  2  miles  from  Conyers.  It  has  a  paper-mill,  and 
manufactures  of  flour,  lumber,  &e. 

Rock  Dell,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Olmsted  co., 
Minn.,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Rochester.    Pop.  of  township,  1010. 

Rock  Elm,  a  post-office  of  Charlevoix  co.,  Mich. 

Rock  £lin,  a  post-township  of  Pierce  co..  Wis.  Pop. 
799.     It  contains  Rock  Elm  Centre. 

Rock  Elm  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pierce  co..  Wis., 
in  Rock  Elm  township,  about  22  miles  N.E.  of  Red  Wing. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Rockeuhausen,  rok'k?n-h5w^z?n,  a  town  of  Rhen- 
ish Bavaria,  13  miles  N.  of  Kaiserslautern.     Pop.  1852. 

Rock  E'lion  Springs,  a  post-offlco  and  summer  re- 
sort of  Frederick  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Great  North  Mountain,  15 
miles  N.W.  of  Winchester.  It  has  a  hotel  and  mineral 
springs. 

Rock  Fall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Middlesex  co..  Conn.,  on 
the  New  Haven,  Middletown  &  Willimantio  Railroad,  about 
a  miles  S.AV.  of  Middletown. 

Rock  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Coloma  township,White- 
side  CO.,  III.,  on  Rock  River,  nearly  opposite  Sterling,  and 
on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  20  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  Amboy,  and  77  miles  W.  of  Aurora.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  church,  a  chair-factory,  a  mit- 
ten-factory, a  planing-mill,  and  several  factories.     P.  894. 

Rock  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Falls  township,  Cerro 
Gordo  CO.,  Iowa,  on  Shell  Rock  River,  and  on  the  Burling- 
ton, Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad,  24  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Charles  City,  and  9  miles  N.E.  of  Mason  City.  It  has  a 
church,  a  newspaper  office,  and  1  or  2  mills.     Pop.  350. 

Rock  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sand  Beach  township, 
Huron  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Huron,  58  miles  N.  of  Port 
Huron.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Rock  Falls,  a  post-hamlct  of  Phelps  co..  Neb.,  on 
jj  Spring  Creek,  30  miles  S.  of  Plum  Creek  Railroad  Station. 
't  has  a  church. 

Rock  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erath  co.,  Tex.,  8  miles 
E.  of  Stephonsville. 

Rock  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Dunn  co..  Wis.,  on  Rock 
Creek,  about  1  mile  S.  of  the  Cliippewa  River,  and  about  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Eau  Claire.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Rock  Farm,  a  post- village  of  Russell  co.,  Va.,  IJ 
miles  S.  of  Clinch  River,  and  28  miles  N.W.  of  Abingdon. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  Ac. 

Rock'field,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Wabash  Railroad,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Logansport.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  seminary,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  289. 

Rockficld,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville  <fc  Memphis  Railroad,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Bowling 
Green.     It  has  several  stores. 

Rocktield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co..  Wis.,  on 
the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  22  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Milwaukee. 


Rock  Fish,  township,  Cumberland  co.,  N.C.     P.  2982. 

Rock'fish,  a  post-township  of  Duplin  co.,  N.C.  Pop, 
1380.  It  contains  a  village  named  Rose  Hill,  and  abounds 
with  forests  of  pine,  cypress,  ash,  Ac. 

Rockfish  Creek,  Cumberland  co.,  N.C,  runs  E.,  and 
enters  the  Cape  Fear  River  12  miles  below  Faj'ettevillc. 

Rockfish  Depot,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Nelson 
CO.,  Va.,  on  Rockfish  Creek  and  the  Virginia  Midland  Rail- 
road, 23  miles  S.W.  of  Charlottesville.     Here  is  a  church. 

Rockfish  Gap,  Virginia,  n  pass  through  the  Blue 
Ridge  where  the  latter  is  crossed  by  the  Chesapeake  A  Ohio 
Railroad,  about  16  miles  S.B.  of  Staunton. 

Rock'ford,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Coosa  co.,  Ala., 
about  40  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Montgomery.  It  is  surrounded 
by  a  hilly  country,  in  which  granite  and  marble  are  found. 
It  has  a  church. 

Rockford,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Winnebago  co.,  111., 
is  finely  situated  on  both  sides  of  Rock  River,  93  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Chicago,  28  miles  E.  of  Freeport,  and  about  20 
miles  S.  by  AV.  of  Beloit.  It  is  on  the  I'reeport  line  of  the 
Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  and  is  a  terminus  of  the 
Kenosha  A  Rockford  Branch  of  the  same.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  22  churches,  1  or  2  high  schools,  4  national 
banks,  2  other  banks,  a  female  seminary,  a  cotton-factory, 
2  paper-mills,  a  woollen-mill,  a  watch-factory,  several  iron- 
foundries,  machine-shops,  and  breweries,  and  manufactures 
of  reapers,  cultivators,  pumps,  Ac.  One  daily  and  5  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.  The  river  here  affords 
abundant  motive-power.  Pop.  in  1860,  6979;  in  1870, 
11,049;  in  1880,  13,129;  in  1890,  23,584.  , 

Rockford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Driftwood  or  East  Fork  of  White  River,  and  on  the  Jeffer- 
sonville,  Madison  A  Indianapolis  Railroad,  16  miles  S.  of 
Columbus.     It  has  2  churches. 

Rockford,  a  hamlet  of  Wells  co.,  Ind.,  8  miles  W.  of 
Bluffton. 

Rockford,  a  post-village  in  Rockford  township,  Floyd 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Shell  Rock  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Lime 
Creek,  and  on  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  A  Northern 
Railroad,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Mason  City,  and  about  15  miles 
W.  of  Charles  City.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a 
high  school,  2  churches,  2  flouring-mills,  Ac.  Pop.  about 
800  ;  of  the  township  in  1890,  1010. 

Rockford,  township,  Pottawattamie  co.,  Iowa.    P.  911. 

Rockford,  a  post-office  of  Bourbon  co.,  Kansas,  about 
16  miles  AV.  by  S.  of  Fort  Scott. 

Rockford,  a  township  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
798.     It  contains  El  Paso. 

Rockford,  a  post-village  in  Algoma  township,  Kent 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  Rouge  River,  and  on  the  Grand  Rapids  A 
Indiana  Railroad,  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Grand  Rnpids.  It 
has  a  banking-house,  a  money-order  post-office,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  union  school,  3  churches,  2  grist-mills,  a 
lumber-mill,  a  foundry  and  machine-shop,  and  a  sash-  and 
blind-factory.     Pop.   about  900. 

Rockford,  a  post-village  in  Rockford  township,  Wright 
CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  left  bank  of  Crow  River,  just  below  the 
junction  of  its  two  forks,  about  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Min- 
neapolis, and  10  miles  S.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  a  grist-mill 
and  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  250;  of  the  township,  794. 

Rockford,  a  hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Mo.,  about  45  miles 
S.S.B.  of  Kansas  City. 

Rockford,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co..  Mo. 

Rockford,  a  hamlet  of  Elkhorn  co..  Neb.,  on  Elkhom 
River,  i  mile  from  O'Neill  City.    It  has  a  church. 

Rockford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Surry  co.,  N.C,  in  Rock 
ford  township,  on  the  Yadkin  River,  about  75  miles  N.  ol 
Charlotte.  It  has  a  church  and  2  tobacco-factories.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  890. 

Rockford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Blount  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Knoxville  A  Charleston  Railroad,  about  10  miles  S.  by  W. 
of  Knoxville.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  cot- 
ton-factory. 

Rockford,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Va. 

Rockford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  W.  Va.,  12 
miles  S.  of  Clarksburg.     It  has  1  or  2  churches. 

Rockford,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk  co.,  Ontario,  9 
miles  from  Waterford;     Pop.  100. 

Rock  Glen,  Pennsylvania.    See  Falls  Run  City. 

Rock  Grove,  a  post-village  in  Rock  Grove  township, 
Stephenson  co..  111.,  about  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Freeport. 
It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1096. 

Rock  Grove,  a  township  of  Floyd  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
713,  exclusive  of  Nora  Springs. 

Rock  Hall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
E.  shore  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  24  miles  E.S.E.  of  Baltimore. 
It  has  a  church  and  an  oyster-fishery. 


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2296 


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Horkhamp'ton*  a  town  of  Australia,,  in  Quoenslanil, 
on  Fitzroy  Kivor,  45  miles  from  its  luotitli,  and  420  inilos 
N.W.  of  Urixbiine.  It  is  a  terminus  of  tlie  Groat  Northern 
Railway.     I'on.  8052. 

Ilock  Ilu'ven^  a  post-bamlet  of  Meade  oo.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Oliio  River,  2  miles  from  Muldraugh  Station,  und  about 
32  miles  S.W.  of  Louisville.  It  has  2  ohurohos,  an  acad- 
emy, and  a  flour-mill. 

iluck  Hill,  a  post-oSioe  of  Benton  oo.,  Miss. 

Kuck  Ilillf  a  post-otfico  of  St.  Louis  oo.,  Mo. 

Itock  Hill,  Bohuont  oo.,  0.    Soe  Ke.xno.n. 

Hock  Hill,  a  township  of  Buoks  co..  Pa.     Pop.  3363. 

Uuckhill,  a  station  in  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  North 
Pennxyh'iuiia  Railroad,  35  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia. 

Kock  Hill,  Huntingdon  oo-,  Pa.     Seo  Ouuisonia. 

Kock  Hill,  a  post-hamlot  in  Cunestoga  township,  Lan- 
oastur  00.,  Pa.,  3  miles  from  Safe  Uarbor.  It  has  a  flour- 
mill  and  a  cigar-factory. 

Hock  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Catawba  township,  York 
CO.,  S.C,  on  the  Charlotte,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad, 
26  miles  S.S.W.  of  Charlotte,  N.C.,  and  19  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Chester.  It  has  a  newspaper  o£Bce,  an  academy,  5 
cbiirchoi",  nnd  an  iiiiportnnt  cotton-trade.    Pop.  (1S90)  2744. 

Rock  Hill,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Williamson  oo.,  Tenn. 

Rock  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Collin  oo.,  Tex.,  about  32 
miles  N.  of  Dallas. 

Uock'liolds,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Whitley  co.,  Ky. 

Ruck  House,  a  post-offico  of  Letcher  co.,  Ky. 

Rock'housc,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort  of  Hook- 
ing CO.,  0.,  in  Laurol  township,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Logan. 

Rockhousc,  a  post-oflSce  of  Fayette  co.,  Tex. 

Kockhoiise,  a  post-office  of  Russell  co.,  Va. 

Ruck'iiigham,  tho  most  southeastern  county  of  New 
Ilaiiipshiro,  borders  on  Massachusetts.  Area,  about  700 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  £.  by  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  and  is  drained  by  the  Lamprey  and  Piscataqua 
Rivers  and  other  small  streams.  Tho  surface  is  hilly,  di- 
versified with  numerous  lakes,  and  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  tho  oak,  beech,  ash,  sugar-m.aple,  and  other  trees. 
The  soil  is  mostly  productive.  Hay,  butter,  potatoes,  In- 
dian corn,  and  cattle  are  tho  staple  products.  This  county 
is  intersected  by  several  brancnes  of  the  Bosston  &  Maine 
Railroad,  and  by  the  Concord  &  Montreal  Railroad.  Cap- 
itals, Exeter  and  Portsmouth.  Pop.  in  1870,  47,297  j  in 
1880,  49,064;  in  1890,  49,660. 

Rockingham,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  North  Caro- 
lina, bordering  on  Virginia,  has  an  area  of  about  608  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Dap  River,  and  also  drained 
by  the  Mayo  and  Haw  Rivers.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  a 
large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  tobacco,  onts,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Richmond  & 
Danville  Railroad,  the  Cape  Fear  &  Yadkin  Valley  Railroad, 
and  the  Roanoke  &  Southern  Railroad.  Capital,  Went- 
worth.  Pop.  in  1870,  15,708;  in  1880,  21,744;  in  1890, 
25.363. 

Rockingham,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  883  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Shenandoah  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  North  Fork 
of  that  river.  The  Blue  Ridge  extends  along  tho  S.E. 
border  of  this  county,  which  is  a  part  of  the  Great  Valley 
of  Virginia,  and  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  another  raoun- 
tain-ridge.  The  surface  is  finely  diversified,  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  hickory,  chestnut,  sugar- 
maple,  Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats, 
hay,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
has  an  abundance  of  good  limestone.  It  is  traversed  by 
the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  and  the  Norfolk  &,  Western 
Railroad.  Capital,  Harrisonburg.  Pop.  in  1870,  23,668 ; 
in  1880,  29,567;  in  1890,  31,299. 

Rockingham,  a  township  of  Scott  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  318. 

Rockingham,  a  post-ofiice  of  Ray  co.,  Mo. 

Rockingham,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Richmond  co., 
N.C.,  in  Rockingham  township,  and  on  the  Carolina  Central 
Railroad,  71  miles  E.S.E.  of  Charlotte,  about  50  miles  W. 
by  S.  of  Fayetteville,  and  5  miles  E.  of  the  Pedee  or  Yad- 
kin River.  It  has  an  academy,  2  newspaper  offices,  2 
churches,  and  a  cotton-mill.     Pop.  about  800. 

Rockingham,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Wind- 
ham CO.,  Vt.,  on  Williams  River,  and  on  the  Central  Ver- 
mont Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Bellows  Falls.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  Connecticut  River.  It  contains  a  bank, 
an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  3  paper-mills,  and  2  wool- 
len-mills. Pop.  of  the  township,  including  Bellows  Falls, 
2797.     It  also  contains  a  village  named  Saxton's  River. 

Rockingham  Ray,  a  spacious  and  beautiful  harbor 
tn  the  N.E.  coast  of  Australia,  in  lat.  18°  10'  E. 


Rock  Island,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Illinois, 
bordering  on  Iowa,  has  an  area  of  about  440  square  luilc^<. 
It  is  bounded  on  tlio  N.  and  N.W.  by  the  Missittsiiipi  River, 
and  is  intorsootod  by  Rock  River,  which  enters  the  Missis- 
sippi in  this  county.  The  surface  is  moderately  uneven. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  cattle,; 
butter,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products,  and  bituniinoui 
coal  is  one  of  the  chief  articles  of  export.  Limestone  ill 
abundant  here.  This  county  is  traversed  by  a  numocr  of 
railroads.  Capital,  Rook  Island.  Pop.  in  1870,  29,783: 
in  1880,  38.302;  In  1890,  41,917. 

Rock  Island,  a  city  of  Illinois,  the  capital  of  Hock 
Island  CO.,  is  situated  on  the  Mississippi  River,  u|i|>iisiiu 
Davenport,  and  2  or  3  miles  above  tiie  mouth  of  Uook 
River.  By  railroad  it  is  91  miles  N.W.  of  Peoria,  52  milci 
W.S.W.  of  Sterling,  244  miles  N.  of  St.  Louis,  and  18i; 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Chicago.  It  is  a  terminus  of  the  Peoria 
&  Rock  Island  Railroad,  and  is  on  tho  Chicago,  Rock  Islunil 
&  Piicific  Railroad,  which  here  crosses  the  Mississippi  River 
on  a  noble  wrouglit-iron  bridge,  constructed  at  a  cost  of 
about  $1,300,000.  This  city  is  also  tho  S.W.  terminus  of 
the  Western  Union  Railroad,  and  is  on  the  Rockford,  Rock 
Island  A  St.  Louis  Railroad.  It  derives  its  name  from  a 
beautiful  island  about  8  miles  long,  the  lower  and  southern 
end  of  which  is  nearly  opposite  this  city.  This  island,  which 
is  based  on  limestone,  belongs  to  the  United  States,  proscnts 
beautiful  scenery,  and  is  used  as  a  public  park.  Tho  gov- 
ernment has  expended  large  sums  of  money  on  this  island 
in  tho  erection  of  numerous  buildings,  among  which  are  :\ 
great  central  arsenal,  a  large  armory,  a  foundry,  and  uiili 
tary  headquarters.  The  island  is  connected  by  bridj,'! 
with  both  banks  of  the  river.  The  main  and  navigable 
channel  is  on  the  W.  side  of  the  island,  and  tho  eastern 
channel  has  been  dammed  so  as  to  produce  immense  liy- , 
draulio  power.  Rock  Island  City  contains  a  court-house,  i 
14  churches,  a  high  school,  a  business  college,  3  national 
banks,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  2  daily  and  2  or  3 
weekly  newspapers.  The  prosperity  of  this  city  is  mainly  } 
derived  from  trade  and  extensive  manufactures.  It  has 
several  flour-mills,  saw-mills,  gas-works,  machine-shop- 
and  mtinufactories  of  glass,  stoves,  and  ploughs  and  otlai 
farming-implements.  Pop.  in  1860,  5130;  in  1870,  789U ; 
in  1880,  11,659;  in  1890,  13,634.  1 

Rock  Island,  a  village  of  Perrj-  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  about  3  miles  E.  of  Cannelton.     Pop.  241. 

Rock  Island,  a  station  in  Clackamas  co.,  Oregon,  on 
the  Oregon  &  California  Railroad,  25  miles  S.  of  Portland. 

Rock  Island,  a  post-hamlet  of  White  co.,  Tenn.,  on  i 
the  Canoy  Fork  of  the  Cumberland  River,  about  60  miles  1 
E.S.E.  of  Nashville. 

Rock  Island,  a  post-village  in  Stanstead  co.,  Quebec, 
on  the  Massawippi  Valley  Railway,  1  mile  from  Stanstead. 
It  contains  3  large  boot-  and  shoe-factories,  2  iron-foun- 
dries, a  soap-factory,  a  printing-office,  and  about  12  stores. 
There  are  mineral  springs  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  800. 

Rock  Lake,  Jefferson  co..  Wis.,  is  about  7  miles  N.W. 
of  Jefferson.     It  is  nearly  3  miles  long. 

Rock  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Lyon  co.,  Minn. 

Rock  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co..  Pa.,  about  16 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Carbondale. 

Rock'land,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  New  York, 
bordering  on  New  Jersey,  has  an  area  of  nearly  200  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Hudson  River  (here 
called  Tappan  Bay),  and  also  drained  by  the  Ranuipo  and 
Hackensack  Rivers,  which  rise  in  it.  The  surface  is  mostly 
hilly  or  mountainous.  Tho  western  part  is  occupied  by  the 
Ramapo  Mountains,  which  are  steep,  rocky,  and  barren. 
Hay,  butter,  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  The 
rocks  found  near  the  surface  are  granite,  gneiss,  limestone, 
and  red  sandstone,  which  is  a  good  material  for  building. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  New  York,  Lake  Erie  A 
Western  Railroad,  the  New  Jersey  &  New  York  Railroad, 
the  Sterling  Mountain  Railroad,  and  tho  West  Shore  Rail- 
road. Capital,  New  City.  Pop.  in  1870,  25,213;  in  187.i, 
26,951;  in  1880,  27,690;  in  1890,  35,162. 

Rockland,  a  post-village  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  on 
Brandywine  Creek,  1  mile  from  Dupont,  which  is  7  milos 
N.  of  Wilmington.     It  has  2  churches. 

Rockland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lake  co..  III.,  on  Lake 
Michigan,  and  on  tho  Chicago  &  Milwaukee  Railroad,  5i 
miles  S.  of  Waukegan.    It  has  a  church. 

Rockland,  a  post-hamlet  in  Blue  River  township, 
Henry  co.,  Ind.,  6  miles  N.E.  of  New  Castle.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Rockland,  a  hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Ky.,  on  Big  Barren 
River,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Bowling  Green.  It  has  quarriti 
of  good  limestone. 


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Rockland,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Knox  co.,  Me.,  is  sit- 
uated on  the  W.  shore  of  Penobscot  Bay,  about  10  miles 
from  the  ocean,  and  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Augusta.  It  is  49 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Bath,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  the 
Knox  <fc  Lincoln  Railroad.  Steamboats  plying  between 
Boston  and  Bangor  touch  at  its  wharves,  llockland  con- 
tains 8  churches,  a  county  court-house  of  brick  and  granite, 
costing  about  $80,000,  a  public  library,  2  national  banks,  a 
itate  bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  system  of  graded  schools,  and 
printing-otRces  which  issue  3  or  4  weekly  newspapers.  A 
granite  building  for  a  post-ofiice  and  custom-house  was 
erected  here  in  1874-75  at  a  cost  of  about  $175,000.  AVater 
18  brought  to  this  city  by  costly  water-works,  2i  miles  in 
length.  Rockland  has  an  iron-foundry,  a  machine-shop,  a 
brass-foundry,  and  numerous  lime-kilns.  Ship-building  is 
also  carried  on  here  extensively.  The  chief  articles  of  ex- 
port are  liine  and  granite.  About  1,000,000  casks  of  good 
lime  are  annually  exported  from  this  port.  Here  are  largo 
quarries  of  excellent  granite,  which  have  supplied  material 
for  the  custom-house  of  St.  Louis  and  the  post-offices  of  New 
York  and  Cincinnati.  This  town  was  incorporated  in  1848, 
and  chartered  as  a  city  in  1854.  Pop.  in  1860,  7316;  in 
1870,  7074;  in  1880,  7699;  in  1890,  8174. 

Rockland,  a  post  village  in  Rockland  township,  Ply- 
mouth CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  19^  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  savings-bank,  a  newspaper 
ofBce,  3  churches,  and  extensive  manufactories  of  boots 
and  shoes.     Pop.  of  township  in  1890,  5213. 

Rockland,  a  post-village  in  Rockland  township,  On- 
tonagon CO.,  Mich.,  near  the  Ontonagon  River,  12  miles 
S.E.  of  Ontonagon  village,  and  about  44  miles  S.W.  of 
Houghton.  It  has  rich  copper-mines,  3  churches,  and  a 
brewery.    Pop.  of  the  township,  1005. 

Rockland,  a  post-village  in  Rockland  township,  Sul- 
livan CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Beaver  Kill  Creek,  and  on  the  New 
York  &  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  57  miles  N.W.  of  Middle- 
town.     It  is  often  called  Westfield  Flats,  but  the  name  of 
its  post-office  is  Rockland.     It  has  2  tanneries,  2  hotels,  5 
Btores,  a  grist-mill,  and  about  30  houses.   The  township  con- 
tains a  village  named  Morsston  Depot.     Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship in  1890,  2868. 
Rockland,  Washington  co.,  0.    See  Cedarville. 
Rockland,  a  township  of  Berks  co.,*Pa.     Pop.  1451. 
Rockland,  a  post-village  in  Rockland  township,  Ve- 
nango CO.,  Pa.,  about  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Franklin,  and  3  miles 
N.  of  llockland  Station.     The  township  is  on  the  Alleghany 
River,  contains  Scrub  Grass,  and  has  a  pop.  of  2068. 

Rockland,  a  station  in  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Alle- 
ghany Valley  Railroad,  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Parker,  and  3 
miles  S.  of  the  village  of  Rockland. 

'  Rockland,  a  post-village  in  Scituate  township,  Provi- 
lence  co.,  R.I.,  about  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Providence.  It 
las  2  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  cotton-mill.  Pop.  331. 
I  Rockland,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  AVis.  Pop.  806. 
1  Rockland,  a  village  of  Klikitat  co.,  Washington,  on 
.he  Columbia,  opposite  The  Dalles. 

Rockland,  a  post-office  and  station  of  La  Crosse  co., 
liVis.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  19 
ailes  E.  of  La  Crosse. 
Rockl  and,  a  township  of  Manitowoc  co..  Wis.  P.  1143. 
Rockland,  a  post-village  in  Russell  co.,  Ontario,  on 
he  river  Ottawa,  26  miles  below  Ottawa.     Pop.  130. 

Rockland,  a  post-village  in  Westmoreland  co..  New 
Jrunswick,  on  the  Petitcodiao  River,  3  miles  from  Dor- 
hester.    Pop.  100. 

I  Rockland  Lake,  a  post-village  in  Clarkstown  town- 
hip,  Rockland  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River,  4  miles  N. 
■f  Nyack,  and  30  miles  above  New  York.  It  has  a  church, 
foundry,  and  a  machine-shop.  Pop.  510.  Here  is  Rockland 
.ake,  3  miles  in  circuit,  from  which  200,000  tons  of  ice  are 
sported  annually. 

Rockland  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Metcalfe  co.,  Ky.,  about 
6  miles  B.  of  Bowling  Green.  Here  are  a  flour-mill  and  a 
iw-mill. 

Rocklane,  Johnson  co.,  Ind.     See  Clarksburg. 
Rock  Lev'el,  a  post-office  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.C. 
Rock  Licl{,  a  post-hamlet  of  Breckenridge  co.,  Ky.,  13 
liles  S.  of  Hardinsburg.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 
I  Rock  Lick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  W.  Va.,  4 
kiles  N.  of  Cameron  Station.     It  has  a  church. 
I'  Rock'lin,  a  post-village  of  Placer  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
entral  Pacific  Railroad,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Sacramento,  and 
1  miles  S.W.  of  Auburn.     It  has  a  church,  largo  granite- 

Iuarries,  an  engine-house,  and  a  machine-shop.     Pop.  542. 
RockMin,  a  post-village  in  Pictou  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  on 
(iddle  River,  6i  miles  from  Glengarry.     Pop.  130. 
RockMow,  a  post-office  of  Allen  co.,  Kansas. 
145 


Rock'mart,  a  post-village  of  Polk  eo.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Cherokee  Railroad,  23  miles  S.W.  of  Cartersville.  It  haj 
a  high  school,  and  2  churches. 

Rock  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Randolph  co.,  Ala., 
about  44  miles  N.  of  Opelika.  It  has  several  churches,  » 
cotton-factory,  a  tannery,  a  pottery,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Rock  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Sioux  co.,  Iowa. 

Rock  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  0.,  8  miles  S.  of 
Washington.     It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-milL 

Rock  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C. 

Rock  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Rappahannock  co.,  Va. 

Rock  Point,  a  post-office  of  Independence  co..  Ark, 

Rock  Point,  a  hamlet  of  Madison  co..  Mo.,  4  miles 
from  Marquand.     It  h.as  a  church. 

Rock  Point,  a  post- village  of  Jackson  co.,  Oregon,  on 
Rogue  River,  13  miles  N.AV.  of  Jacksonville.  Gold  and 
silver  are  found  near  this  place.     Pop.  100. 

Rock  Point,  a  post-village  in  Big  Beaver  township, 
Beaver  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Beaver  River,  1  mile  from  Clinton, 
and  12  miles  S.  of  New  Castle.     It  has  2  churches. 

Rock'port,  a  station  of  Hot  Spring  co.,  Ark.,  on  the 
Hot  Springs  Railroad,  about  li  miles  from  Malvern,  which 
is  the  capital  of  the  county.  It  is  about  46  miles  S.W.  of 
Little  Rock. 

Rockport,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mendocino  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Pacific  coast,  abcmt  55  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Ukiah.  It  has  a 
hotel  and  a  general  store. 

Rockport,  a  post-village  in  Atlas  township.  Pike  co,, 
111.,  on  the  Quincy,  Alton  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  7i  milea 
N.N.E.  of  Louisiana,  Mo.,  and  about  3  miles  from  the  Mis- 
sissippi River.     It  has  2  churches  and  1  or  2  mills. 

Rockport,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Spencer  co.,  Ind., 
in  Ohio  township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  44  miles  above  Evans- 
ville.  By  land  it  is  about  33  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Evansvillo, 
and  18  miles  W.  of  Cannelton.  It  is  built  on  a  high  bluff, 
and  is  on  the  Cincinnati,  Rockport  &  Southwestern  Rail- 
road. It  contains  8  churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices, 
a  graded  school,  a  machine-shop,  2  grist-mills,  a  candy- 
factory,  and  2  carriage-factories.     Pop.  in  1890,  2314. 

Rockport,  a  post-office  of  Rooks  co.,  Kansas. 

Rockport,  a  post-village  of  Ohio  co.,  Ky.,  on  Green 
River,  and  on  the  Paducah  &  Elizabethtown  Railroad,  117 
miles  S.W.  of  Louisville.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy, 
a  foundry,  a  grist-mill,  &c.  Pop.  about  400.  Steamboats 
ascend  the  river  to  this  point. 

Rockport,  a  post-village  in  Camden  township,  Knox 
CO.,  Me.,  on  the  W.  shore  of  Penobscot  Bay,  7  miles  N.  by 
E.  of  Rockland.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  savings-bank. 
Here  are  quarries  of  limestone,  large  quantities  of  which 
are  burned. 

Rockport,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  in  a 
small  township  of  its  own  name,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean, 
and  on  the  Gloucester  Branch  of  the  Eastern  Railroad,  36 
miles  N.E.  of  Boston,  and  about  1  mile  W.  of  Cape  Ann. 
It  contains  7  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  a 
cotton -factory,  and  quarries  of  granite,  of  which  large 
quantities  arc  exported.  The  township  contains  a  summer 
resort  named  Pigeon  Cove.     Pop.  of  the  township,  4480. 

Rockport,  a  post-office  of  Copiah  co..  Miss. 

Rockport,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Atchison  co..  Mo., 
in  Tarkio  township,  about  1  mile  E.  of  the  Nishnabatona, 
64  miles  N.N.W.  of  St.  Joseph,  and  10  miles  E.  of  Brown- 
ville.  Neb.  It  has  1  or  2  newspaper  offices,  a  graded  school, 
a  banking-house,  3  churches,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  715., 

Rockport,  a  hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  in  Mansfield 
township,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Hackettstown.  It  has  a  church 
and  an  academy.     Pop.  125. 

Rockport,  a  post-village  in  Rockport  township,  Cuya- 
hoga CO.,  0.,  on  the  Lake  Sliore  &  Michigan  Southern  Rail- 
road, 6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cleveland.  It  has  several  churches. 
The  township  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake  Erie,  and  in- 
tersected by  Rocky  River.  Pop.  of  the  village,  about  1100 ; 
of  the  township  (1890),  3205. 

Rockport,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carbon  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Lehigh  River,  and  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad  and  the 
Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  15  miles  N.  of  Mauch 
Chunk.     It  has  2  churches. 

Rockport,  a  post-village  of  Hanson  co.,  S.D.,  on  the 
Dakota  River,  about  60  miles  N.N.W.  of  Yankton. 

Rockport,  Aransas  co.,  Tex.    See  Aransas  Pass. 

Rockport,  a  post-hamlet  of  Summit  co.,  Utah,  16  miles 
S.  of  Echo  Station. 

Rockport,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co.,  W.  Va.,  about 
16  miles  S.  of  Parkersburg.  It  has  several  stores  and  other 
business  concerns.     Pop.  about  200. 

Rock'port,  a  seaport  of  New  Brunswick,  co.  of  West- 
moreland, on  the  W.  side  of  Cumberland  Basin.     Pop.  100. 


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Rock'port)  a  post-vUlago  in  Leeds  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
St.  Lawrence,  11  miles  S.S.W.  of  Maliorytown.     Pop.  125. 

Ilockport  Mine,  a  station  in  Oliio  oo.,  Ky.,  on  tiie 
Paducjih  &  Elicttbethtown  Railroad,  116i  miles  S.W.  of 
Louisville. 

Ilock  Prairie,  prU'ree,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dade  oo., 
Mo.,  3U  miles  W.N.W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a  okuroh  and 
a  pottery. 

Rock  Prniric,  a  po8t-offlo«  of  Rook  oo.,  Wis.,  about 
37  miles  S.U.  of  Madison. 

Rock  Rnp'ids,  a  post-rillage,  oapital  of  Lyon  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Kock  River,  22  miles  W.  of  Sibley.  It  has  a 
acwypnpcr  office  and  several  hotels  and  stores.    Pop.  1394. 

Rock  Rid^c,  a  post-ofRce  of  Douglii.«  co..  Col. 

Rock  Rift,  a  post-hamlct  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Oswego  Midland  Railroad, 
8  miles  S.W.  of  Walton. 

Rock  River,  Iowa  and  Minn.    See  Ixyan  Reakah. 

Rock  River,  Tennessee.     See  Rocky  Rivbr. 

Rock  River  rises  in  Washington  co.,  Wis.,  and  runs 
louthward  through  Dodge  co.  After  it  has  intersected 
JeSerson  oo.  with  a  very  sinuous  course,  it  flows  southward 
through  Rook  co.,  and  crosses  the  N.  boundary  of  Illinois. 
It  subsequently  runs  southwestward,  intersects  the  cos.  of 
AVinnebago,  Ogle,  Lee,  Whitesides,  and  Rock  Island  of 
Illinois,  and  enters  the  Mississippi  River  3  miles  below  the 
city  of  Rook  Island.  It  is  about  375  miles  long.  The 
largest  towns  on  its  banks  are  Watortown,  Jancsvillc, 
Beloit,  Rockford,  Di.\on,  and  Sterling.  The  valley  of  Rock 
River  is  wide,  and  noted  for  beauty  and  fertility.  The 
navigation  is  partly  obstructed  by  rapids. 

Ruck  River  Junction,  Illinois.    See  Osbouk. 

Rock  Run,  a  post-hamlct  of  Stephenson  co..  III.,  in  Rock 
Run  township,  at  Rock  City  Station  of  the  Western  Union 
Railroad,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Freeport.  It  has  a  church. 
The  township  contains  a  village  named  Davis,  and  a  pop. 
of  2242. 

Rock  Run,  a  station  in  Clarion  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Alle- 
ghany Valley  Railroad  (Low  Grade  division),  74  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

'.  Rocks'burg,  or  Rox'barg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren 
CO.,  N.J.,  near  the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Belvidere 
Delaware  Railroad,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Belvidere. 

Rocks  of  Deer  Creek,  post-office,  Harford  co.,  Md. 

Rock  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Union  co..  Ark. 
.    Rock  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Walker  co.,  Ga.,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Ringgold.     It  has  2  churches. 

Rock  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co..  Mo., 
about  60  miles  S.S.W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Rock  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  N.C. 

Rock  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Centre  co..  Pa.,  about  30 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Altoona.     Here  is  an  iron-furnace. 

Rock  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Maury  co.,  Tenn.,  5 
miles  N.E.  of  Hurricane  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Rock  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Patrick  co.,  Va. 

Rock  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  about 
8  miles  N.  of  Port  Deposit. 

Rock  Springs,  or  Ableman,  a  village  in  Excelsior 
township,  Sauk  co.,  Wis.,  on  Baraboo  River,  and  on  the 
Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  Baraboo. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  about 
300.     Here  is  Ableman  Post-Office. 

'  Rock  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Sweetwater  co.,  AVyo- 
ming,  on  Bitter  Creek,  and  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  258 
niiles  W.  of  Laramie.  Here  is  a  bed  of  good  coal  (lignite) 
about  9  feet  thick,  and  coal-mining  is  the  principal  busi- 
ness of  the  place.     Pop,  in  1890,  3406. 

Rock  Stream,  a  post- village  in  Starkey  township. 
Tales  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  29  miles 
N.  of  EIraira,  and  nearly  1  mile  W.  of  Seneca  Lake.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Rocks  Village,  a  part  of  the  city  of  Haverhill,  Mass., 
on  the  Merrimac  River,  3  miles  above  Merrimac  Village. 
It  has  a  church. 

Rock'ton,  a  post- village  in  Rockton  township,  Win- 
nebago CO.,  111.,  on  Rock  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Peca- 
tonica,  and  on  the  AVestern  Union  Railroad,  3  miles  S.W. 
of  Beloit,  Wis.,  31  miles  E.N.E.  of  Freeport,  and  15  miles 
N.  of  Rockford.  It  has  3  churches,  2  flour-mills,  3  paper- 
milb,  an  iron-foundry,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  of 
the  township  in  1890,  1492. 

Rockton,  a  post-hamlct  of  Wabaunsee  co.,  Kansas, 
about  45  miles  W.  of  Lawrence. 

Rockton,  a  post-office  of  Furnas  co.,  Neb. 

Rockton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Union  township,  Clearfield 
ee-  Pa.,  on  Anderson  Creek,  about  44  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
AUoona.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  saw-mill. 


Rockton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vernon  co.,  Wli.,  on  tlie 
Kickapoo  River,  about  38  miles  E.S.E.  of  La  Cronsc.  It 
has  2  churches,  and  mnnufacturos  of  flour  and  lumber. 

Rock'ton,a  poet-villngo  in  Wcntworth  co.,  Ontario,  91 
miles  from  Dundas.     Pop.  100. 

Rock'town,  a  hamlet  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  8  mil« 
S.  of  lUngoes  Station,  and  0  miles  8.  of  FIcmington. 

Rocktown,  a  village  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  in  Arm- 
Btrong  township,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquclmimi 
River,  opposite  Williamsport.  It  has  a  church,  a  bruwtry, 
a  brick-yard,  a  lumber-mill,  a  furniture-factory,  Ac. 

Rock'vRic,  a  township  of  Ogle  co.,  III.,  is  intersected 
by  Rock  River.     Pop.  757. 

Rockvalc,  a  j)ost-office  of  Breckenridge  co.,  Ky. 

Rock  View,  a  post-offlce  of  Wyoming  co.,  W.  Va. 

Rock'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Solano  oo.,  CaL,  3  miles  N  of 
Bridgeport.     It  has  a  church. 

Rockville,  a  flourishing  post-village  in  Vernon  town 
ship,  Tolland  co.,  Conn.,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Hartford.    Th 
Rockville  Branch  Railroad,  which  is  4  or  5  miles  long,  con 
nects  at  Vernon  with  the  New  York  &  New  England  llail- 
road,  and  another  branch  railroad  connects  at  Melrose  ivith 
the  Connecticut  Central  Railroad.    Rockville  lias  abunJiinl 
water-power,  supplied  by  Snipsic  Lake,  the  outlet  of  wliii': 
(Ilockanum  River)  has  here  a  fall  of  280  feet.     It  contiiin 
6  churches,  an  opera-house,  a  high  school,  2  national  bnnk 
2  other  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  several  cotton-  and  wool 
Icn-mills,  gas-works,  and  manufactures  of  silk,  stockinet, 
and  envelopes.     Pop.  in  1880,  6902;  in  1890,  7772. 

Rockville,  a  post-office  and  mining-camj)  of  Penning- 
ton CO.,  Dakota,  among  the  Black  Hills.  It  h.as  mines  of 
gold  and  silver. 

Rockville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rockville  township,  Knn- 
kakce  co..  III.,  on  the  Kankakee  River,  24  mites  S.  of  Jolict, 
and  10  miles  N.W.  of  Kankakee  City.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1112. 

Rockville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Adams  township,  on  the  Logansport,  Crawfordsville  <t  South- 
western Railroad,  23  miles  N.^^.E.  of  Torre  Haute,  and  30 
miles  S.W.  of  Crawfordsville.  It  contains  6  churches,  a 
national  bank,  1  other  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  graded 
school,  an  iron-foundry,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  flour-mili. 
Pop.  (1890)  1689.    Coal  is  found  near  this  place. 

Rockville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dcl.aware  co.,  Iowa,  on 
Beaver  Creek,  and  on  the  Dubuque  Southwestern  Railroad, 
about  29  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Dubuque. 

Rockville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Miami  co.,  Kansas,  about 
50  miles  S.E.  of  Lawrence. 

Rockville,  a  post-village  in  Camden  township,  Knox 
CO.,  Me.,  on  Penobscot  Bay,  3  or  4  miles  N.N.E.  of  Rock- 
land.    It  has  a  church. 

Rockville,  a  post-vill.age,  capital  of  Montgomery  co., 
Md.,  on  the  Metropolitan  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  16  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Washington,  D.C.,  nnl 
about  32  miles  W.S.W.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  a  court-hou.-'c, 
a  jail,  2  newspaper  offices,  the  Rockville  Academy,  and  7 
churches.     Pop.  660. 

Rockville,  a  post-village  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Medway  township,  on  Charles  River,  2  miles  from  Medway 
Station,  and  about  25  miles  S.S.W.  of  Boston.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  cotton-mill. 

Rockville,  a  village  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  within 
the  city  limits  of  Fitchburg. 

Rockville,  a  post-village  in  Rockville  township,  Stenrns 
CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  Sauk  River,  about  9  miles  S.W.  of  Si. 
Cloud.     Pop.  of  the  township,  443. 

Rockville,  a  post-village  of  Bates  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Os.ago  River,  and  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Kail- 
road,  67  miles  S.W.  of  Sedalia.     Pop.  about  350. 

Rockville,  a  post-office  of  Sherman  co..  Neb. 

Rockville,  a  hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  li  mile?  from 
Sands  Station.     It  has  a  creamery. 

Rockville,  a  village  in  Green  township,  Adams  co., 0., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  20  miles  below  Portsmouth. 

Rockville,  a  post-office  of  Wasco  co.,  Oregon. 

Rockville,  a  post-hamlct  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Wilmington  A,  Northern  Railroad,  29  miles  S.  of  Reading. 

Rockville,  Clinton  co.,  Pa.     See  MacEliiatten. 

Rockville,  a  village  in  Susquehanna  township,  U.iuphin 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Penncyl- 
vania  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  a  branch  of  the  Reading 
Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  2  churches. 
The  railroad  here  crosses  the  river  on  an  iron  bridge.  Pop. 
259.     Here  is  Fort  Hunter  Post-Office. 

Rockville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  R.r.» 
about  32  miles  S.W.  of  Providence.  It  has  a  church,  a 
graded  school,  and  a  factory.     Pop.  168. 


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Rockville,  n,  township  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C.    Pop.  871. 

Rockville,  a  post-hainlet  of  Kane  co.,  Utah,  on  the 
Virgin  River. 

Rockville,  a  post-office  of  Hanover  co.,  Va.,  10  miles 
from  Ashland. 

Rockville,  a  post-haralet  in  Potosi  township,  Grant 
CO.,  Wis.,  about  16  miles  N.  of  Dubuque,  Iowa.  It  has  2 
ehurches. 

Rock'ville,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick, 5  miles  from  Sussex.     Pop.  100. 

Rockville  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  20  miles  E.  of  Brooklyn.  It 
has  2  or  3  churches,  2  newspapers,  &<:.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Rock'wall,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Texas,  has 
an  area  of  about  loO  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  small 
affluents  of  the  Sabine  and  Tricity  Rivers.  Cotton  and 
maize  nro  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Rockwall.  Pop.  in 
1880,  2984;  in  1890,  5972. 

Rockwall,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Rockwall  co., 
Tex.,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Dallas.  It  has  several  churches,  a 
flouring-mill,  and  a  cotton-gin. 

Rock'well,  a  post-village  of  Cerro  Gordo  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Central  Railroad  of  Iowa,  12  miles  S.  of  Mason 
City.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  seminary. 

Rockwell,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Missouri  &  Western  Railroad,  5i  miles  W.  of  Columbus. 

Rockwell,  a  post-office  of  Rowan  co.,  N.C.,  about  38 
miles  N.E.  of  Charlotte. 

Rockwell,  or  Am'herst  Shore,  a  post  village  in 
Cumberland  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  22  miles  from  River  Philip. 

Rockwell  City,  a  post-village  of  Calhoun  co.,  Iowa, 
in  Twin  Lakes  township,  12  miles  S.  of  Pomeroy. 

RockAvell's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  in  Guilford  town- 
ship, Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Now  Berlin  Branch  Rail- 
road, 9  miles  S.  of  New  Berlin.  It  has  a  church,  a  woollen- 
factory,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Rock'wood,  a  post-office  of  La  Plata  co.,  Col.,  32  miles 
S.  of  Silverton. 

RockAVOod  (formerly  Liberty),  a  post-village  of  Ran- 
dolph CO.,  III.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  10  miles 
below  Chester.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop. 
about  300. 

Rockwood,  a  post-village  in  Brownstown  township, 
Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Huron  River,  and  on  the  Michi- 
gan Southern  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Canada  Southern 
Riiilroad,  23  miles  S.  by  AV.  of  Detroit,  and  13  miles  N.E. 
of  Monroe.  It  has  a  hotel,  4  stores,  and  manufactures  of 
lumber  and  staves.     Pop.  about  300. 

Rockwood,  a  post-village  in  Ephratah  township,  Ful- 
ton CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Garoga  Creek,  7i  miles  W.N.W.  of  Johns- 
town, and  about  38  miles  E.  of  Utica.  It  has  2  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  board-paper.     Pop.  300. 

Rockwood,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co.,  0. 

Rockwood,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg,  Titusville  & 
Buffiilo  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Oil  City,  Pa. 

Rockwood,  Somerset  co.,  Pa.    See  Shafp's  Bridge. 

RockAVOod,  a  post-village  of  Roane  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Cincinnati  Southern  and  Rockwood  A  Tennessee  River  Rail- 
roads, near  the  Tennessee  River,  about  45  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Knoxvillo.  It  has  a  church,  a  money-order  post-office,  and 
2  blast-furnaces.   Iron  ore  abounds  here.    Pop.  about  1200. 

RockAVOod,  a  post-village  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Welling- 
ton, on  the  river  Speed,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway, 
41  miles  W.  of  Toronto.  It  has  extensive  water-power,  2 
churches,  3  flour-mills,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  woollen-factory. 

Rock'y,  a  post-hamlet  of  Park  co.,  Col.,  45  miles  N.W. 
of  Colorado  Springs. 

Rocky  Bar,  a  post-rillnge,  the  capital  of  Elmore  co., 
Idaho,  is  at  the  confluence  of  Bear  and  Steel  Creeks,  about 
100  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Boise  City.  Gold  and  silver  are 
found  here.  There  are  6  quartz-mills  in  Rocky  Bar  and 
its  vicinity. 

Rocky  Brook,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  R.I., 
about  13  miles  W.  of  Newport.     It  has  a  church.     P.  447. 

Rocky  Comfort,  kum'frjrt,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Little  River. CO.,  Ark.,  35  miles  N.W.  of  Texarkana,  and 
about  6  miles  N.E.  of  Red  River.  It  has  2  churches,  an 
academy,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  300. 

Rocky  Comfort,  a  post- village  of  McDonald  co..  Mo., 
16  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Pierce  City,  and  about  32  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Carthage.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  saw-mill. 

Rocky  Comfort  Creek,  of  Georgia,  flows  into  the 
Ogeechee  River  near  Louisville. 

Rocky  Creek,  Tatnall  co.,  Ga.,  flows  into  the  Ohoopee. 

Rocky  Creek,  of  Chester  co.,  S.C,  enters  the  Watoree 
River  on  the  right,  near  Rocky  Mount. 


Rocky  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gordon  co.,  Oa.,  !• 
miles  W.  of  Calhoun. 

Rocky  Ford,  a  post-office  of  Bent  co.,  Col.,  on  the 
Arkansas  River,  and  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6 
Railroad,  53  miles  E.  of  Pueblo. 

Rocky  Ford,  a  post-office  of  Soriven  co.,  Ga. 

Rocky  Fork  of  Paint  Creek,  Ohio,  joins  that  strcnm 
on  the  line  between  Highland  and  Ross  cos. 

Rocky  Fork,  a  township  of  Boone  co..  Mo.     P.  1870. 

Rocky  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Licking  co.,  0. 

Rocky  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Rutherford  co.,  Tenn. 

Rocky  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Russell  oo.,  Va. 

Rocky  Fork,  a  hamlet  of  Kanawha  co.,  AV,  Va.,  on  the 
Pocotaligo  River,  10  miles  N.AV.  of  Charleston,  It  has  a 
coal-mine. 

Rocky  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Bland  co.,  Va. 

Rocky  Grove,  a  township  of  Orangeburg  co.,  S.C. 
Pop.  697. 

Rocky  Hill,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Hartford 
CO.,  Conn.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Connecticut  River,  and 
on  the  Connecticut  Valley  Railroad,  7i  miles  S.  of  Hart- 
ford. It  commands  a  beautiful  view  of  the  river.  Pop. 
of  the  township  in  1890,  1069. 

Rocky  Hill ,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  Kan.,  23  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Ellsworth.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Rocky  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barren  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville  <fe  Great  Southern  Railroad,  about  106  miles  S. 
of  Louisville.     It  has  a  church. 

Rocky  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J.,  on 
Millstone  River,  and  on  the  Delaware  <fc  Raritan  Canal,  14 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Trenton.  It  has  a  flouring-mill,  a  woollen - 
factory,  stone-quarries,  and  3  churches.  The  Rocky  Hill 
Branch  Railroad  extends  from  this  place  to  Monmouth 
Junction. 

Rocky  Hill,  Jackson  co.,  0.    See  Wikchester. 

Rocky  Hill  Station,  a  post-village  of  Edmondson 
CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  18  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Bowling  Green.     It  has  2  churches. 

Rock'y  Island,  or  Lot'tin,  an  island  of  the  South 
Pacific,  off  the  N.  coast  of  Papua,  in  lat.  5°  20'  S.,  Ion. 
147°  36'  E.  It  presents  an  immense  cone  of  from  3000  to 
4000  feet  in  height. 

Rocky  Knoll,  nole,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Tenn. 

Rocky  MeadoAV,  a  post-office  of  Davidson  co.,  N.C. 

Rocky  Mount,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Ala. 

Rocky  Mount,  a  post-hamlet  of  Meriwether  co.,  Ga., 
about  48  miles  S.S.W.  of  Atlanta. 

Rocky  Mount,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bossier  parish,  La., 
28  miles  N.E.  of  Shreveport. 

Rocky  Mount,  a  post-hamlet  of  Miller  co..  Mo.,  about 
32  miles  S.W.  of  Jefferson  City. 

Rocky  Mount,  a  post-village  in  Rocky  Mount  town- 
ship, Edgecombe  co.,  N.C,  1  mile  from  the  Tar  River,  and 
on  the  Wilmington  &  AVeldon  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of 
the  Tarborough  Branch,  41  miles  N.  of  Goldsborough.  It 
has  a  church,  a  newspaper  office,  a  money-order  post-office, 
an  academy,  a  cotton-factory,  a  flour-mill,  <fcc.  Pop.  io 
1890,  816;  of  the  township,  1870. 

Rocky  Mount,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Franklin  co., 
Va.,  in  Rocky  Mount  township,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Staun- 
ton River,  40  miles  N.W.  of  Danville,  and  55  miles  S.W, 
of  Lynchburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  a  tobacco-factory.     Pop.  of  township,  2034. 

Rocky  Mountains  (Fr.  Montagnes  Jiocheuses,  m6N»*- 
tin'  ro^shuz' ;  Sp.  Cordillera,  kor-deel-yi'rS, ;  Ger.  Felsen- 
gebirge,  f5l's?n-ga-beeR'ga),  called  also  the  Chipper 
Avyan  (chip-pe-wi'an)  Mountains,  the  most  extensive 
chain  or  system  of  mountains  of  North  America,  extending 
in  a  general  N.N.W.  direction  through  the  western  portion 
of  the  United  States  and  British  America,  from  Mexico  to 
the  Arctic  Ocean.  The  principal  ranges  connected  with 
this  system  have  received  separate  names,  and  some  of 
them  are  known  by  several  synonyms.  Among  them  are 
Snowy  Range,  or  "Continental  Divide,"  National  Range, 
Wind  River  Mountains,  Laramie  Range,  Medicine  Bow 
Range,  Elk  Mountains,  Park  Range,  Sierra  San  Juan,  Big 
Horn  Mountains,  Bitter  Root  Mountains,  Sangre  de  Cristo 
Range,  Saguache  Mountains,  and  Uintah  Mountains.  These 
are  separately  noticed  under  their  proper  heads.  "  The 
fact,"  says  Hayden,  "  that  nearly  all  the  ranges,  however 
small  they  may  be,  or  distinct  from  each  other,  are  con- 
nected together  by  some  link,  however  obscure,  illustrates 
the  unity  and  simplicity  of  the  Rocky  Mountain  system." 
"  This  mountain-mass,"  says  Dana,  "  is  not  a  narrow  bar- 
rier between  the  East  and  West,  as  might  be  inferred  from 
the  ordinary  maps,  but  a  vast  yet  gentle  swell  of  the  sur- 
face, having  a  base  1000  miles  in  breadth,  and  the  sloy^ 


ROC 


2300 


ROD 


direniflod  with  rarioua  mountain-ridgea  or  rprending  out 
in  plateaus  at  diOerent  levels."  ("Manual  of  Oootoxy.") 
The  average  eastern  slope  seldom  exceeds  10  feet  in  a  uiilc. 
The  Wind  Iliver  Mountiiins  in  Wyoming  form  the  dividing 
crest  or  watershed  whioh  Hcpnrutes  the  atUuunts  of  the 
Atlantic  fVoin  those  of  the  I'acino  Ocean.  This  range  is 
ooiuposed  to  a  large  extent  of  feldspathio  granite.  "  Within 
a  radius  if  ten  miles,"  says  Haydon,  "may  bo  found  the 
sources  of  three  of  the  largest  rivers  in  America."  These 
nre  the  Missouri,  Columbia,  and  Colorado,  the  bead-streams 
of  whioh  rise  on  different  sides  of  the  Wind  River  Moun- 
tains. The  other  large  rivers  whioh  rise  among  the  Rocky 
Mountains  are  the  Arkansas,  Mivckenzie,  Platte,  Rio  Grande, 
Yukon,  Frazer,  and  Saskatchewan.  Among  the  highest 
]icuks  of  the  chain  are  Mount  Hooker,  Mount  St.  Elios 
(17,000  feet),  Mount  Brown,  Long's  Peak,  Pike's  Peak, 
Mount  Lincoln,  Qray's  Peak,  Rlanoa  Peak  (14,464  feet), 
Blount  Harvard,  Fremont's  Peak,  and  Mount  Huyden,  of 
which  sepai-ttte  notices  are  given  under  their  respective 
heads.  The  tops  of  these  aro  covered  with  perpetual  snow, 
and  their  sides  with  forests  of  fir  and  pine.  Colorado  hivs  a 
great  number  of  peaks  which  rise  more  than  14,000  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Among  tho  interesting  features 
of  this  mountain-system  are  the  Parks  of  Colorado,  which 
aro  large  fertile  valleys,  basins,  or  plateaus,  environed  on 
nearly  all  sides  by  colossal  mountains.  These  valleys  arc 
named  North  Park,  Middle  Park,  South  Park,  San  Luis 
Park,  &«.     Some  of  them  are  about  60  miles  in  diameter. 

Pat»et. — The  most  important  passes  of  this  chain  in  tho 
United  States  are  the  Argentine,  Berthoud's,  Cochetopa, 
Cadotte,  Madison,  Bridgor's,  Union,  Tyghee  (or  Targhee), 
Tennessee,  South,  and  Poncho.  Argentine  Pass  is  in  Col- 
orado, in  lat.  39°  37'  50"  N.,  and  has  an  elevation  of 
13,100  feet.  Berthoud's  Pass  is  in  Colorado,  near  the  E. 
border  of  the  Middle  Park.  The  summit  of  it  is  11,462 
feet  above  the  sea.  Cochetopa  Pass  is  in  Colorado,  near 
lat.  38°  10'  N.,  and  is  about  10,000  feet  high.  Bridger's 
Pass  is  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Wyoming,  near  lat.  41°  30'  N. 
Cadotte  Pass  is  in  Montana,  near  lat.  47°  N.  Madison  (or 
Raynolds)  Pass  is  near  the  S.W.  border  of  Montana,  and 
about  lat.  44°  42'  N.  It  is  6911  feet  high.  Tyghee  (or 
Targhee)  Pass  is  about  3  miles  E.  of  Lake  Henry,  near  lat. 
44°  41'  N.,  and  is  7063  feet  high.  Poncho  Pass  is  in 
Colorado,  near  lat.  38°  30'  N.,  at  the  N.  border  of  San  Luis 
Park.  It  is  about  8600  feet  high.  South  Pass  is  in  Wy- 
oming, near  lat.  42°  25'  N.  and  Ion.  109°  26'  W.,  and  is 
about  7500  feet  high.  It  is  several  miles  wide,  and  is — 
or  was — a  great  thoroughfare  of  travel.  The  grade  is  so 
easy  and  the  ground  so  smooth  that  carriages  can  pass 
through  it  with  facility.  Union  Pass  is  in  Montana,  and 
is  7283  feet  high.  The  Union  Pacific  Railroad  crosses  the 
Laramie  range  in  Wyoming,  at  Sherman  Station,  which 
is  8242  feet  above  the  sea-level.  At  a  point  called  Creston, 
188  miles  W.N.W.  of  Sherman,  the  railroad  crosses  the  main 
range,  or  Continental  Divide. 

"  The  stupendous  erosive  agencies,"  says  Ilayden,  "  which 
have  in  most  cases  scooped  out  deep  valleys  just  at  tho  foot 
of  the  mountains,  have  left  this  portion  remaining  of  the 
inclined  plane  which  I  have  described  as  extending  from 
Cheyenne  to  Granite  Carion,  and  thereby  rendered  it  possi- 
ble for  the  Pacific  Railroad  to  pass  over  the  range.  Massive 
piles  of  granite,  like  the  ruins  of  old  castles,  are  scattered 
all  over  the  summit  of  the  Laramie  Range.  If  wo  were  to 
descend  the  beautiful  valley  of  Dale  Creek,  wc  should  find 
the  scenery  even  more  romantic,  and  tho  granites  worn 
into  more  fantastic  forms."  Among  the  magnificent  fea- 
tures of  this  mountain-system  are  the  Grand  Canon  of  the 
Yellowstone  and  tho  cataract  of  that  river,  both  of  which 
are  in  Wyoming  and  in  the  National  Park.  The  height  of 
the  cataract  is  397  feet  perpendicular.  (See  Yellowstone.) 
In  the  S.  part  of  Idaho  is  another  grand  cataract,  where 
tho  Snako  River  falls  nearly  200  feet  at  one  leap.  This  is 
called  the  Shoshone  Falls. 

Geology  and  Metah. — The  geology  of  this  region  has 
been  explored  by  a  large  party  of  able  scientific  men,  under 
the  direction  of  F.  V.  Hayden,  United  States  geologist, 
from  whose  report  we  have  quoted  in  this  article.  The 
several  ranges  consist  of  a  nucleus  of  granite  or  gneiss, 
flanked  by  metamorphic  slates  and  schists,  and  fossiliferous 
rocks  of  different  formations,  Silurian,  carboniferous,  Ju- 
rassic, cretaceous,  and  tertiary.  Limestones  of  the  carbon- 
iferous age  have  been  observed  13,000  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  sea.  "  With  regard  to  the  Rocky  Mountain  region," 
says  Dana,  "  the  great  thickness  over  it  of  the  miocene  and 
pl'ocene  shows  a  prolonged  continuation  of  the  lacustrine 
condition  of  the  great  area,  and  renders  it  altogether  prob- 
able that  the  mountains  did  not  attain  their  full  altitude 


until  late  in  the  tertiary  period."  Igneous  and  volcanic 
rocks  abound  in  the  mountains  of  Montana  and  Wyoming. 
"  So  far  as  wo  could  ascertain  in  our  explorations,  all  th«i 
rocks  about  the  sources  of  the  Yellowstone  and  the  Maiiixon 
are  of  volcanic  origin."  (Hayden,  Report  for  1872.)  Among 
the  rooks  which  abound  in  this  chain  are  syenite,  porphyry, 
basalt,  trachyte,  quartzile,  and  limestone. 

Rich  mines  of  gold,  silver,  and  coal  or  lignite  have  been 
opened  in  various  parts  of  Colorado,  Montana,  Wyoniin;;, 
Utah,  and  New  Mexico.  Near  the  source  of  the  Cliugwutor 
are  immense  deposits  of  magnetic  iron  ore.  According  to 
the  report  of  Persifor  Frazer,  Jr.,  "  the  minerals  of  Col- 
orado  of  commercial  value  which  aro  most  widely  dis- 
tributed aro  auriferous  iron  and  copper  pyrites,  zinc  blende, 
argentiferous  galena,  brittle  silver  ore,  specular  iron,  native 
gold  and  silver,  titanic  iron  ore,  copper  glance,  and  coal. 
Quartz  forms  tho  ganguo  of  nearly  all  tho  veins  of  ihe 
precious  metals  in  Colorado." 

Rocky  Pass,  apost-oQice  of  McDowell  co.,  N.C. 

Rocky  Plains,  a  post-oQico  of  Winston  co.,  Ala. 

Rocky  Point,  a  post-office  of  Sierra  co.,  Cal. 

Rocky  Point,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Ky.,  24 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Glasgow. 

Rocky  Point,  a  post-h.amlet  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Long  Island  Sound,  about  15  miles  W.  of  Riverhead. 

Rocky  Point,  a  post-hamlot  of  Pender  co.,  N.C,  on 
the  Wilmington  &  Weldon  Railroad,  about  14  miles  N.  of 
Wilmington.     It  has  2  churches. 

Rocky  Point,  a  popular  summer  resort  in  Warwick 
township,  Kent  co.,  R.I.,  on  the  W.  shore  of  Narragansett 
Bay.  It  has  large  hotels  and  other  accommodations  fur 
guests,  is  1  mile  from  Warwick  Station,  and  is  visited  by 
steamboats  from  Newport  and  Providence.  It  has  a  daily 
newspaper  in  summer. 

Rocky  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Frederick  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Western  Maryland  Railroad,  62i  miles  N.W.  of  Bal- 
timore.    It  has  2  churches. 

Rocky  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ottawa  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Lake  Shore  Railroad,  14  miles  W.  of  Port  Clinton.  It  has 
a  church,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  stave-factory. 

Rocky  River,  Michigan,  a  small  stream,  falls  into  the 
St.  Joseph's  in  St.  Joseph  co. 

Rocky  River,  North  Carolina,  runs  southeastward 
through  Cabarrus  co.,  then  eastward,  forming  the  boundary 
between  Anson  and  Stanley  cos.,  and  enters  the  Yadkin 
River  about  13  miles  N.  of  Wadesborough. 

Rocky  River,  Ohio,  rises  in  Medina  co.,  runs  north- 
ward through  Cuyahoga  co.,  and  enters  Lake  Erie  about  7 
miles  W.  of  Cleveland. 

Rocky  River,  South  Carolina,  rises  in  Anderson  co., 
runs  S.,  and  enters  the  Savannah  River  in  Abbeville  co. 

Rocky  (or  Rock)  River,  Tennessee,  runs  northward, 
forms  the  boundary  between  Van  Buren  and  Warren  cos., 
and  enters  the  Caney  Fork. 

Rocky  River,  township,  Cabarrus  co.,  N.C.   Pop.  1521. 

Rocky  River,  a  post-office  of  Cuyahoga  co.,  0. 

Rocky  River,  a  post-office  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C. 

Rocky  River,  a  post-office  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Tenn. 

Rocky  Run,  a  township  of  Hancock  co..  111.    Pop.  656. 

Rocky  Run,  a  post-office  of  Columbia  co.,  Wis. 

Rocky  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Claiborne  co..  Miss, 
25  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Vicksburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Rocky  Spring,  township,  Montgomery  co.,  N.C.  P.  320. 

Rocky  Springs,township,  Lexington  CO., S.C.    P. 458. 

Rocky  Station,  a  post-office  of  Lee  co.,  Va. 

Rocky  Well,  a  post-office  of  Lexington  co.,  S.C,  about 
22  miles  W.  of  Columbia. 

Roconr,  ro'koon',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and 
2  miles  N.N.W.  of  Liege.  It  is  famous  for  the  battle  fought 
in  1746,  when  the  French,  under  Marshal  Saxe,  defeatnd 
the  Duke  of  Lorraine.     Pop.  720. 

Roc^roy ',  or  Roc'roi'  (Fr.  pron.  ro'krwi'),  a  town  of 
France,  Ardennes,  in  tho  forest  of  Ardennes,  15  miles  N.W. 
of  iAIeziSres.     Pop.  1042. 

Roda,  ro'dd,  a  town  of  Saxe-Altenburg,  8  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Jena.     Pop.  3442. 

Roda,  ro'oS.,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  38  miles 
N.E.  of  Barcelona,  on  the  Ter.     Pop.  1931. 

Roda,  an  island  in  tho  Nile.    See  Rbodda. 

Rodach,  ro'diK,  a  town  of  Saxe-Coburg,  10  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Coburg,  on  a  river  of  its  own  name.    Pop.  1777. 

Ro'dah,  Roda,  ro'di,  or  Rodda,  rod'di,  a  town  of 
Arabia,  in  Yemen,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Sana,  and  a  residence 
of  many  of  its  merchants.  It  has  fine  gardens  and  vino- 
yards,  and  is  governed  by  an  ameer. 

Rodalben,  ro-d&l'bin,  or  Rothalben,  ro-t&l'bin,  a 
village  of  Bavaria,  near  Pirmascns.     Pop.  1701. 


ROD 


2301 


ROG 


'  Rod'amers,  n  post-village  of  Preston  co.,  AV.  Va.,  on 
the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  33  miles  E.  of  Grafton.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  grist-mill. 

llodnno,  a  river  of  Europe.    See  Rhine. 

Jtodaii'the,  a  post-office  of  Dare  co.,  N.C. 

Hod  as,  an  island  of  Turkey.    Sec  Rhodes. 

Kodbournville,  Chemung  co.,  N.Y.    See  Ekin. 

Uodbye,  or  Rodby,  rod'bii,  a  town  of  Denmark,  on 
the  S.  coast  of  the  island  of  Laaland,  7  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Maribo.     Pop.  1553. 

Rodda,  an  island  in  the  Nile.    See  Rhodda. 

Rodclheim,  ro'del-hime\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse- 
Nassau,  4  miles  W.N.W.  of  Frankfort.     Pop.  3903. 

Roden,  Rhodcn,  ro'd?n,  or  Roon,  ron,  a  village  of 
the  Netherlands,  in  Drenthe,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Assen.  Pop. 
of  commune,  2381. 

Roden,  ro'd^n,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  30  miles 
S.  of  Treves,*near  the  Saar.     Pop.  3290. 

Rodeu,  a  village  of  Transylvania.     See  Radn A. 

Rodengo,  ro-ddn'go,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Brescia,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Ospedaletto.     Pop.  1350. 

Rodcnsleben,  ro'd^ns-ld^b^n  (Gross,  grooe,  and 
Klei.n,  klin),  a  village  of  Prussia,  province  of  Saxony, 
government  of  Magdeburg.     Pop.  2250. 

Ro'dcntown,  a  post-hamlet  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ala.,  about 
60  miles  S.E.  of  Huntsville. 

Rodc's  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Pierce  co.,  AVis. 

Rodewald,  ro'd§h-walt\  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Han- 
over, 11  miles  N.  of  Neustadt-am-llubenberge.     Pop.  2038. 

Rodez,  or  Rhodez,  roMA'  (anc.  Segoda'nuvi},a,  town 
of  France,  capital  of  the  department  of  Aveyron,  85  miles 
N.W.  of  Montpellier,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Aveyron. 
Pop.  12,881.  It  has  a  national  college  with  a  library,  a 
priests'  seminary,  a  deaf-mute  school,  a  Gothic  cathedral, 
a  trade  in  wool  and  cheese,  and  manufactures  of  serges 
and  linens. 

Rodhcim-vor-der-Hohe,  rod'hime-voK-d5R-ho'- 
^h,  a  village  of  Hesse,  circle  of  Friedberg.     Pop.  1567. 

Rodi,  an  island  of  Turkey.     Sec  Rhodes. 

Rodi,  ro'dee,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  N.  coast  of  the 
Garganian  Promontory  in  the  Adriatic  Sea.     Pop.  6100. 

Rodigo,  ro-dee'go,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  9  miles 
N.AV.  of  Mantua.     Pop.  3153. 

Ro'ding,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Essex,  rises  near 
Dunmow,  flows  S.S.AV.,  and  near  Barking  joins  the  Thames. 

Roding,  ro'ding,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  Upper  Palatinate, 
on  the  Regen,  23  miles  N.E.  of  Ratisbon.     Pop.  1329. 

Rod'man,  a  post-village  in  Rodman  township,  Jeffer- 
son CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Sandy  Creek,  9  miles  S.  of  Watertown.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  and  about  45  houses.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1468. 

Rodman,  a  station  on  the  railroad  between  Hollidays- 
burg  and  Roaring  Spring,  16  miles  S.  of  Altoona,  Pa. 

Rod'ney,  a  hamlet  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  at  Dela- 
ware J\inction,  2  miles  S.W.  of  AVilmington. 

Rodney,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Miss.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  40  miles  above  Natchez,  and  25  miles  by 
land  N.E.  of  that  city.  It  has  several  stores  and  warehouses 
at  which  cotton  is  shipped,  also  3  churches.    P.  (1890)  702. 

Rodney,  a  post-office  of  Gallia  co.,  0.,  about  7  miles 
W.N.AV.  of  Gallipolis, 

Rodolza,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Radmansdorf. 

Rodomuin,  a  city  of  France.     See  Rouen. 

Rodondesco,  a  village  of  Italy.    See  Redondesco. 

Ro'dophil,  a  post-office  of  Amelia  co.,  Va. 

Rodosto,  or  Rhodosto,  ro-dos'to,  written  also  Ro- 
dosjig  (Turk.  Tekeer-Dagh ;  anc.  Blsan'the,  afterwards 
Jihxdentum  or  Jihxdestus),  a  fortified  maritime  town  of 
Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  60  miles  N.E.  of  Gallipoli,  on  the  Sea 
of  Marmora,  and  on  the  great  route  AV.  of  Constantinople. 
It  has  large  caravansaries  and  khans,  5  Greek  and  2  Ar- 
menian churches,  and  is  the  seat  of  important  trade  by  sea. 

Rodrigues,  orRodrigue,  roMreeg'  (Port.  liodn'gncz, 
ro-dree'gh6s),  an  island  of  the  Indian  Ocean,  330  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Mauritius,  of  which  it  is  a  dependency.  Lat. 
19°  4'  S.;  Ion.  63°  25'  E.  Length,  27  miles.  Area,  43 
square  miles.     Surface  mostly  mountainous.     Pop.  1108. 

Rodninna,  the  ancient  name  of  Roanne. 

Roe'buck,  a  post-offico  of  Leflore  co..  Miss. 

Roe'buck,  a  post-village  in  Grenville  co.,  Ontario,  4J 
miles  from  Spencerville.     Pop.  100. 

Rocdoec,  or  Rdd5e,  ro'do^^h,  an  island  off  the  coast 
of  Norway,  in  lat.  66°  40'  N.,  Ion.  13°  10'  E. 

Roedskioer,  rod'ske-o^?r,  a  small  island  in  the  Gulf 
of  Finland. 

Roer,  a  river  of  Germany.     See  Ruhr. 

Koermoud,  rooR-m&nt',  or  Roermoudey  rooR-m6n'- 


d^h  (Fr.  liurevwnde,  riin'm6Nd'),  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  Limburg,  on  the  Meusc,  at  the  influx  of  the  Ruhr, 
27  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Maestricht.  Pop.  9256.  It  hai 
manufactures  of  woo"llen  stuffs,  soap,  leather,  beer,  and  vin- 
egar, and  a  considerable  trade. 

Roeskilde,or  Roskilde,  rJJs'kird^h,  a  town  of  Den- 
mark, island  of  Seeland,  with  a  port,  19  miles  by  rail 
AV.S.AV.  of  Copenhagen,  at  the  head  of  the  Ise-Fiord.  Pop. 
5221.  It  was  the  residence  of  the  Danish  kings  in  the 
Middle  Ages,  and  has  a  royal  castle  and  a  cathedral. 

Roesville,  roz'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Queen  Anno  co., 
Md.,  about  34  miles  E.  of  Annapolis. 

Rcculx,  ruh,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  8  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Mons.     Pop.  2804. 

Rofrano,  ro-fri'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Sa- 
lerno, 13  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Diano.     Pop.  2375. 

Rogasen,  ro'g4-z§n,  Rogazno,  ro-giz'no,  or  Ro' 
goz'no,  a  town  of  Prussia,  24  miles  N.  of  Posen,  on  ii 
lake,  and  on  the  AVelna,  an  affluent  of  the  AVarta.     P.  5026. 

Rogatchev,  or  Rogatschew,  ro-gi-chfiv',  a  town 
of  Russia,  government  and  60  miles  S.S.AV,  of  Moheelcv,  at' 
the  confluence  of  the  Droots  and  the  Dnieper.     Pop.  7009. 

Rogers,  roj'§rz,  a  station  of  Bartow  co.,  Ga.,  on  tho 
AVestern  &  Atlantic  Railroad,  3  miles  N.AV.  of  Cartersville. 

Rogers,  a  township  of  Ford  co..  111.     Pop.  593. 

Rogers,  Baltimore  co.,  Md.    See  Greenwood. 

Rogers,  Genesee  co.,  Mich.     See  Rogersville. 

Rogers,  a  station  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  ua 
Platte  River,  7  miles  E.  of  Schuyler,  Neb. 

Rogers,  Ritchie  co.,  AV^.  A'^a.    See  Petroleum. 

Rogers  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Presque  Isle 
CO.,  Mich.,  in  Rogers  township,  on  Lake  Huron,  about  34 
miles  N.AV.  of  Alpena,  and  130  miles  N.  of  Bay  City.  It 
has  a  court-house,  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  a 
machine-shop,  a  newspaper  office,  a  brewery,  a  planing- 
mill,  and  an  active  trade  in  cedar,  timber,  and  firewood  for 
steamboats.     Pop.  in  1890,  431. 

Rogers  Ferry,  a  station  of  Beaver  oo..  Pa.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  and  on  the  Cleveland  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  35 
miles  N.AV.  of  Pittsburg. 

Roger's  Hill,  or  Scots'burn,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pio- 
tou  CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  11  miles  from  Pictou.     Pop.  300. 

Rogers  Park,  a  post-village  of  Cook  co..  111.,  iu 
Evanston  township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Milwaukee  Railroad, 
9  miles  N.  of  Chicago.     It  has  2  churches.    P.  (1890)  1708. 

Rogers  Prairie,  Texas.    See  Rogersville. 

Rogers  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Lake 
George,  3  miles  from  its  outlet,  and  1  mile  from  Baldwic. 

Rogers  Store,  a  post-oflice  of  AVake  co.,  N.C. 

Rogers  Store,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  A''a. 

Rogersville,  r6j'?rz-vil,  a  post-village  of  Lauderdale 
CO.,  Ala.,  about  27  miles  E.  of  Florence,  and  4  miles  N.  of 
the  Tennessee  River.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  435. 

Rogersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  Ind.,  9  miles 
N.E.  of  New  Castle.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Rogersville,  a  post-office  of  Ness  eo.,  Kansas. 

Rogersville,  a  hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Ky.,  about  33 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Lexington. 

Rogersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Genesee  co.,  Mich.,  on 
a  branch  of  the  Flint  &  Pero  Marquette  Railroad,  11  miles 
N.E.  of  Flint.     It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Rogersville,  a  village  in  Dansville  township,  Steuben 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  10  miles  N.  of  Hornellsville.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  seminary,  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  about  200. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  South  Dansville. 

Rogersville,  or  Rogerville,  a  post-village  of  Tus- 
carawas CO.,  0.,  in  Auburn  township,  about  30  miles  S.S.AV. 
of  Canton.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  mines  of 
iron  ore.     Pop.  about  300. 

Rogersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co..  Pa.,  in  Cen- 
tre township,  about  50  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a 
church,  a  steam  flouring-mill,  and  a  planing-mill. 

Rogersville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hawkins  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  N.AV.  bank  of  the  Holston  River,  and  on  a 
branch  railroad  14  miles  long,  which  connects  with  tho 
East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad,  about  60  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Knoxville.  It  contains  4  churches,  2  newspaper 
offices,  an  academy,  and  a  female  college.  Near  here  is  a 
quarry  of  variegated  marble.  P.  in  1880,  657;  in  1890, 1163. 

Rogersville,  a  hamlet  of  Leon  co.,  Tex.,  about  16 
miles  S.  of  Marquez  Station,  It  has  a  church.  Here  is 
Rogers  Prairie  Post-Office. 

Rogersville  Junction,  Tennessee.    See  Bull's  Gap. 

Roggweil,  rok'-fril,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  27  miles  N.E.  of  Bern.     Pop.  1204, 

Rogliano,  r61-yS,'no,  a  town  at  the  N.  extremity  of 
Corsica,  17  miles  N.  of  Bastia.     Pop.  1869. 


Roa 


2303 


ROL 


.  nogliauo,  a  town  of  luly,  iu  Calabria,  9  milei  S.  of 
GOBonta.     Pop.  4983. 

Ro^goniiut^pour',  Rogonatpoor,  Rughunat- 
poor,  or  Uughiinntpur,  rag'nn-at-poor',  a  towo  of  Uoa- 
gal,  in  M.anbhooin,  18  inilos  N.E.  of  Purulia.     Pop.  6380. 

RogoznO)  a  town  of  Prussia.    Se«  Rooasbx. 

Rogue  (rOg)  River,  Oregon,  rises  in  the  W.  slope  of 
the  C&softde  Range,  in  the  northeast  part  of  Jackson  co., 
runs  westward,  intersects  the  cos.  of  Jack!<on,  Josephine, 
and  Curry,  ond  enters  the  Paoifio  Ocean  at  Ellensburg.  It 
is  nearly  220  miles  long,  and  traverses  a  fertile  country. 

Rogue's  River,  Eivst  Africa.    See  Jcba. 

Rohan,  ro'6N"',  an  old  division  of  Franco,  in  Brctagne, 
with  the  title  of  duchy,  now  comprised  in  the  department 
of  Morbihan. 

Rohan-Rohan,  or  Frontenay-Rohan-Rohan, 
fr6jr»'t9h-ni'-ro'6>i»'-ro'6ii»',  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Deux- 
S6vro!«,  7  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Niort.     Pop.  13"C. 

Rohatas,  a  town  of  India.    See  Rhotas. 

Rohatyn,  ro-bl'tin,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galioia,  15 
inilos  W.S.W.  of  Briozany.     Pop.  3020. 

Ro^hilcund',  or  Rohilkhand,  ro'hil-kQnd',  a  di- 
vision or  OQmmissionership  of  the  North-Wcst  Provinces, 
British  India,  having  the  Qangcs  on  the  W.  and  S.,  Oudo  on 
•ho  £.,  and  the  Himalayas  on  the  N.  and  N.E.  It  comprises 
n  British  districts,  and  encloses  the  native  state  of  Rampoor. 
Area,  11,805  square  miles.     Pop.  5,4:)f),3l4. 

Rohnerville,  ro'n9r-vIl,  a  post-villago  of  Humboldt 
CO.,  Cal.,  in  a  very  fertile  valley,  on  Eel  Ilivcr,  which  is 
navigable  to  this  place,  about  12  miles  from  its  mouth,  and 
20  milfca  S.  of  Eureka.  It  has  4  churches,  St.  Joseph's 
College,  a  money-order  post-office,  and  manufactures  of 
lumber.  In  the  vicinity  are  forests  of  redwood  trees,  some 
of  which  are  300  feet  high  and  nearly  25  feet  in  diameter. 

Rohoncz,  a  town  of  Hungary.    Sec  Rkchnitz, 

Rohrerstown,  ror'^rz-town,  a  station  on  the  Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad,  3i  miles  W.  of  Lancaster,  Pa. 

RohrersviHe,  rOr'^rz-vil,  apost-hamlct  of  Washington 
CO.,  Md.,  on  the  Washington  County  Branch  of  the  Balti- 
more it  Ohio  Railroad,  16  miles  S.  of  Uagerstown.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 

Rohrsburg,  rOrs'burg,  a  post-village  in  Greenwood 
township,  Columbia  co..  Pa.,  10  miles  N.  of  Bloomsburg, 
and  about  14  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Danville.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  foundry,  and  a  planing-mill. 

Rohrsdorf,  rSrs'douf,  a  village  of  Germany,  oirole  of 
Zwickau,  district  of  Chemnitz.     Pop.  1934. 

Rohtuk,  or  Rohtak,  rohHuk',  a  town  of  India,  capi- 
tal of  Rohtuk,  42  miles  N.W.  of  Delhi.     Pop.  14,153. 

Rohtuk,  or  Rohtak,  a  district  of  India,  Ilissar  di- 
vision, North-West  Provinces.  Lat.  28°  38'-29°  16'  N. ;  Ion. 
76°  10'-77°  4' E.  Area,  1811  square  miles.  CapiUl,  Rohtuk. 
Pop.  536,959. 

Uoisel,  rw&^zSr,  a  village  of  France,  in  Somme,  7  miles 
E.  of  P6ronne.     Pop.  1800. 

Roisin,  rwi'zis"',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  on 
the  Honello,  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mons.     Pop.  1480. 

Rois'sy  (Fr.  pron.  rwis'sce'),  .an  island  of  the  South 
Pacific,  near  the  Schouten  group,  off  the  N.  coast  of  Papua. 
Lat.  8°  12'S.,-  Ion.  144°  3'  E. 

Roitzsch,  roitsb,  a  village  of  Prussian  Saxony,  19  miles 
N.E.  of  Merseburg.     Pop.  2207. 

Rojales,  or  Roxales,  ro-iii'lSs,  a  town  of  Spain,  23 
miles  S.W.  of  Alicante,  on  the  Seguro.     Pop.  2218. 

Rojo,  ro'yo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  S.W.  of 
Aauila.     Pop.  1336. 

Rokeby,  r5k'bee,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
North  Riding,  on  the  Tees,  2  miles  S.S.E.  of  Barnard  Cas- 
tle. Here  are  the  picturesque  ruins  of  Eggleston  Abbey, 
founded  in  the  reign  of  Henry  II.  The  romantic  scenery 
of  Rokeby  has  been  described  by  Sir  Walter  Scott. 

Rokeby,  Delaware.     See  Hexuv  Clay  Factohy. 

Rokeby,  rSk'bee,  a  hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Muskingum,  19  miles  below  Zanesville.     It  has  a  church. 

Rokeby,  a  station  in  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Delaware 
Western  Railroad,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Avondale. 

Rokelle,  ro'kfill',  a  river  of  Senegambia,  after  a  W. 
course  estimated  at  250  miles,  joins  the  Atlantio  by  a  wide 
estuary  at  Sierra  Leone. 

Rokitzan,  ro'kit-sin*  (Bohemian,  Rokicxany,  ro-ke- 
ch&'nee),  a  town  of  Bohemia,  10  miles  E.  of  Pilsen,  on  the 
Kladawa.  Pop.  4187.  It  has  a  college,  manufactures  of 
woollens,  and  iron-mines. 

RoMand,  a  post-hamlet  of  White  co..  III.,  about  14 
miles  S.S.AV.  of  Carmi.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Roland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Story  co.,  Iowa,  about  44 
miles  N.  of  Des  Moines.     It  has  a  church. 


Roland,  a  station  of  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  7 
miles  N.  of  Baltiraoro,  Md. 

Roland,  Centre  oo.,  Pa.    See  Cuhtik. 
Rolandswerth,  ro'l&nd8-<«-ditt\  or  Nonneuwerth, 

non'nfn-^diiO,  Prussia,  an  island  in  the  Rhine,  govern- 
ment of  Coblciitz,  near  Kiinigswinter,  oontuining  the  old 
Benedictine  nunnery  of  Nonncn worth.  0p]>osite  to  it  is 
the  Rodorberg,  one  of  the  most  interesting  volcanoes  on 
the  Rhine.  On  a  ridge  connected  with  it  stand  the  r«> 
mains  of  the  civstle  of  Rolandsock,  so  called,  according  to 
tradition,  because  it  was  the  residence  of  Roland,  the  nephew 
of  Charlemagne,  who  oould  look  down  from  it  on  the  nunnery 
in  which  his  uufurtunitte  bride  was  immured. 

Rolcsville,  roU'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wake  co.,  N.C., 
16  miles  N.E.  of  Raleigh.     It  has  3  churches. 

Rolette,  ro-let',  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  North  Da- 
kota, bordering  on  the  Briti.xh  possessions.  Area,  936  square 
miles.     Caj)ital,  Saint  John's.     Pop.  in  1890,*2427. 

Rolfc,  rolf,  a  post-village  of  Pocahontas  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  West  Fork  of  the  Des  Moines  River,  30  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Fort  Dodge.     It  contains  i  court-house  and  a  hotel. 

Rolfe,  Elk  CO.,  Pa.    See  Wilmautii. 

Rol'la,  a  post-village,  capiUvl  of  Phelps  co..  Mo.,  in 
Rolla  township,  on  the  Atlantio  «t  Piujific  Railroivd,  114 
miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Louis,  and  about  50  milos  S.S.E.  of 
Jefferson  City.  It  contains  a  court-house,  6  churches,  a 
national  bank,  3  newspaper  offices,  the  Missouri  School 
of  Mines  and  Metallurgy,  organized  in  1871  as  a  branch 
of  the  state  university,  and  to  which  the  state  geological 
survey  is  attached,  a  nouring-mill,  und  a  steum  grist-mill. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1592;  of  the  township,  2513. 

Rol'land,  a  township  of  Isabella  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  293. 

Rolle,  rol'l^h,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Vaud, 
on  the  Lake  of  Geneva,  16  milos  S.W.  of  Lausanne.  P.  1700. 

Rolleghem,  rol'l^h-ghSm^  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
West  Flanders,  5  miles  S.  of  Courtrai.     Pop.  2320. 

Roll'cr's  Blutf,  a  post-offlco  of  Benton  co..  Ark. 

Rollersville,  ro'l?rz-vIl,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sandusky 
CO.,  0.,  about  15  miles  W.  of  Fremont.     It  has  a  church. 

RoI'lin,  a  post-villago  of  Lenawee  co.,  Mich,  in  Rollin 
township,  on  or  near  Tiffin  River,  5  miles  N.  of  Hudson,  and 
16  miles  W.  of  Adrian.  It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 
Pop.  about  200;  of  the  township,  1378. 

Rolling  (ro'ling)  Fork,  Kentucky,  is  a  branch  of  Salt 
River.  It  runs  westward  through  Marion  co.,  and  then 
northwestward,  and  forms  the  S.\V.  boundary  of  Nelson  co. 

Rolling  Fork,  a  township  of  Pope  co.,  Minn.     P.  193. 

Rolling  Fork,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Sharkey  co., 
Miss.,  on  Deer  Creek,  about  50  miles  N.  of  Vicksburg.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  jail,  4  stores,  a  hotel,  Ac.     Pop.  about  200 

Rolling  Green,  a  post-hamlct  of  Sumner  co.,  Kansas, 
24  miles  S.  by  W.  of  AV'ichita.     It  has  a  church. 

Rolling  Green,  a  township  of  Martin  co.,  Minn. 
Pop.  191. 

Rolling  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Charlotte  co.,  Va.,  7  or  8 
miles  S.W.  of  Pamplin  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Rolling  Home,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co..  Mo., 
about  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Macon. 

Rolling  Prairie,  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.    See  PonTLAND. 

Rolling  Prairie,  a  township  of  Morris  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  393.     It  contains  White  City  and  part  of  Skiddy. 

Rolling  Prairie,  a  post-village  in  Oak  Grove  town- 
ship, Dodge  CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St. 
Paul  Railroad  (Northern  division),  5  miles  E.  of  Beaver 
Dam,  and  5  miles  W.  of  Horicon.  It  has  a  church,  a  cheese- 
factory,  and  a  money-order  post-office.     Pop.  about  250. 

Rolling  Stoue,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rolling  Stone  town- 
ship, Winona  co.,  Minn.,  9  or  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Winona. 
It  has  2  churches.  The  township  is  bounded  N.E.  by  the 
Mississippi  and  contains  Minnesota  City.    Pop.  in  1890,923. 

Rol'lington,a  hamlet  of  Oldham  co.,  Ky.,  1  mile  from 
Powee  Valley  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Rol'lins,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co..  III. 

Rol'linsburg,  a  post-village  of  Summers  co.,  W.  Ya., 
on  Greenbrier  River,  and  on  the  Chesapeake  A  Ohio  Rail- 
road (at  Talcott  Station),  106  miles  S.E.  of  Charleston.  It 
has  3  churches. 

Rol'linsford,  a  township  of  Strafford  co.,  N.II.  Pop. 
1800.  It  contains  Salmon  Fall*  (which  see).  Rollinsford 
Station  on  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad  is  at  the  junction 
of  the  Great  Falls  Branch,  1  mile  W.  of  Salmon  Falls. 

Rol'lins  Fork,  a  post-office  of  King  George  co.,  Va. 

Rol'linsvillc,  a  post-village  of  Gilpin  co.,  Col.,  near 
the  Rocky  Mountains,  10  miles  N.  of  Black  Hawk.  It  hai 
2  churches.     Gold  is  mined  here. 

Rollo,  rol'yo,  a  mountain  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  prov- 
ince of  Alicante,  between  Novelda  and  Aspe,  composed  ea- 


ROL 


2303 


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tirely  of  variegated  marble.  On  the  S.E.  it  is  blood-color, 
with  dull  white  veins;  on  the  N.W.,  yellow,  with  generally 
dark  veins,  beautifully  intertwined ;  and  in  other  places  it 
has  cords  of  livid  hue,  and  very  beautiful  black  spots. 

Rollo,  rol'lo,  or  Roto,  ro'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  18  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Mantua.     Pop.  2264. 

Rom,  riNo  (anc.  Raura'num),  a  village  of  France,  in 
Deux-Sevres,  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Melle.     Pop.  1808. 

Rom,  or  Roma,  a  city  of  Italy.     See  Home. 

Roma,  ro'mi,  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  in 
the  Banda  Sea,  50  miles  N.E.  of  Timor,  40  miles  in  circuit. 
Lat.  7°  42'  S. ;  Ion.  127°  26'  E. 

Ro'ma,  a  post-viliage  of  Starr  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Rio 
Grande,  15  miles  W.  of  Rio  Grande  City.    It  has  a  church. 

Romagna,  ro-min'yS,,  a  former  province  -of  Central 
Italy,  and  one  of  the  earliest  possessions  of  the  Roman 
bishops,  on  the  Adriatic,  between  Venetia  and  the  March 
of  Ancona,  and  now  forming  the  provinces  of  Bologna,  Fer- 
rara,  Ravenna,  and  Forli. 

Romagiiano,  ro-min-yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Pied- 
mont, 18  miles  N.W.  of  Novara,  on  the  Sesia.     Pop.  2452. 

Romagnano,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Salerno, 
20  miles  E.  of  Campagna.     Pop.  1048. 

Romagnat,  ro^min'yi',  a  village  of  France,  in  Puy- 
de-D6me,  near  Clermont-Ferrand.     Pop.  1894. 

Romagiiese,  ro-min-yi'si,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Pavia,  6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bobbio.     Pop.  1956. 

Romagnicu,  ro'min^yuh',  a  village  of  France,  in  Isere, 
arrondissement  of  La  Tour  du  Pin.     Pop.  1894. 

Roman,  ro'mJln,  or  Romanu,  ro'mi-noo,  a  town  of 
Roumania,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Moldava  and  Sereth,  36 
miles  S.W.  of  Yassy.  It  is  on  the  Roumanian  Railway,  is 
a  Greek  bishop's  see,  and  has  some  Roman  antiquities. 
Pop.  16,920. 

Ro^mance',  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  co.,  Kansas,  4 
miles  W.  of  Gardner  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Romance,  a  post-office  of  Vernon  co.,  Wis.,  about  16 
miles  S.S.E.  of  La  Crosse. 

Romanche,  ro^missh',  a  small  river  of  France,  in 
Ilautes-Alpes,  flows  W.,  and  joins  the  Drac. 

Romau'coke,  a  station  in  King  William  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Richmond,  York  River  <fc  Chesapeake  Railroad,  34  miles 
E.  of  Richmond. 

Romanengo,  ro-ml-nSn'go,  a  village  of  Northern 
Italy,  21  miles  N.AV.  of  Cremona.     Pop.  1894. 

Romano,  ro-mi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  13  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Bergamo.  Pop.  4663.  It  has  an  old  castle,  a  college, 
and  several  churches. 

Romano,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  near  the 
Serio.     Pop.  2542. 

Romano  Key,  West  Indies.    See  Cayo  Romano. 

Romanov,  or  Romanow,  ro-mi-nov',  a  walled  town 
of  Russia,  government  and  24  miles  N.W.  of  Yaroslav,  on 
the  Volgiv.     Pop.  5571. 

Romans,  ro^m6N"',  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Drome,  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  Isere,  across  which  it  communicates 
with  Bourg-du-Peage,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Valence.  It  has  a 
communal  college,  manufactures  of  silk  goods,  hosiery,  shoes, 
cotton,  and  leather,  and  an  active  trade.     Pop.  11,024. 

Romanshorn,  ro'mins-honn\  a  village  of  Switzer- 
land, canton  of  Thurgau,  on  the  S.W.  side  of  the  lake  and 
11  miles  S.E.  of  the  town  of  Constance.     Pop.  3141. 

Romansville,  ro'manz-vil,  a  hamlet  of  Chester  co., 
Pa.,  in  West  Bradford  township,  7  miles  W.  of  West  Chester, 
and  li  miles  from  Embreeville  Station.  It  has  a  Friends' 
meeting.     Pop.  about  75. 

Romanzoff,  ro-min'tsof  (or  Romanzov,  ro-mS,n'- 
tsov).  Mountains,  in  the  N.E.  of  Alaska.  Lat.  68°  to 
69°  N. ;  Ion.  141°  to  144°  30'  W.   See  also  Cape  Rom  anzofp. 

Romanzov,  or  Romanzoff,  several  islands  in  the 
.Low  and  Mulgrave  Archipelagos. 

Itomanzov,  a  bay  of  Yesso,  in  Japan. 

Romblon,  rom-bl6n',  one  of  the  smaller  Philippine 
Islands,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  E.  of  Tablas. 

Rom'bo,  or  Rombos,  rom'boce,  one  of  the  Capo  Vcrd 
Islands,  N.  of  Brava,  and  \V.  of  Fogo.     It  is  unimportant. 

Rome,  rom  (L.,  It.,  Sp.,  and  Port.  Itoma,  ro'mi;  Fr. 
Rome,  rom;  Ger.  Itom,  rom  ;  Dutch,  Home,  ro'm^h ;  Turk. 
Jioom ;  Gr.  'PwMT),  Rome),  the  most  celebrated  city  of  the 
world,  either  in  ancient  or  modern  times,  the  capital  of  Italy, 
is  situated  on  the  Tiber,  17  miles  N.E.  of  its  mouth  in  the 
Mediterranean.  Lat.  of  St.  Peter's,  41°  54'  6"  N. ;  Ion.  12° 
27'  14"  E.  Elevation  of  the  site  of  St.  Peter's  above  the 
sea,  95  feet;  of  the  Roman  College,  193  feet.  Pop.  in 
1871,  229,357;  in  1881,  of  city,  273,268;  of  commune, 
300,467.  The  city  is  built  on  marshy  ground,  at  the  foot 
of  a  range  of  low  hills,  and  is  separated  by  the  Tiber  into 


two  unequal  portions,  which  are  divided  into  14  rioni  or 
quarters ;  of  these,  12  are  in  Rome  proper,  or  the  space  on 
the  E.  or  left  bank  of  the  river,  and  only  two,  called  Borgo 
and  Trastavere,  on  the  W.  or  right  bank  ;  in  this  part  are 
the  Vatican  and  the  castle  of  Sant'  Angelo.  The  quarters  W. 
of  the  Tiber  form  the  Leonine  town,  or  cittH,  Leoniua.  Tho 
walls  are  12  miles  in  circumference,  with  nearly  300  towers, 
and  50  feet  high  on  the  outside;  they  are  pierced  for  16 
gates,  four  of  which  are  built  up  ;  the  finest  are  the  Porta 
del  Popolo,  the  ancient  Porta  Flaminia,  on  tho  N. ;  tha 
Porta  San  Giovanni,  on  the  S.  of  the  city ;  and  the  Porta  San 
Pancrazio,  by  which  the  French  efiected  a  breach  in  1849. 
Little  more  than  one-third  of  the  area  within  its  walls  is 
inhabited.  N.  of  the  capitol  is  modern  Rome,  all  S.  of  it 
ruins  and  vineyards.  The  most  populous  part  of  the  mod- 
ern city  occupies  the  site  of  the  ancient  Campna  Martins,  a 
plain  extending  between  the  Capitoline,  Quirinal,  Pincian, 
and  Viininal  hills,  and  tho  river.  The  Tiber,  within  the 
walls,  has  a  winding  course  of  3  miles.  It  is  navigable  for 
large  boats  and  river-steamers ;  after  heavy  rains  it  fre- 
quently rises  20  or  30  feet  and  inundates  a  great  part  of 
the  city.  Near  the  middle  of  its  course  the  Tiber  forms  an 
island,  called  San  Bartolomeo,  900  feet  long  and  300  feet 
broad,  connected  with  the  mainland  by  2  bridges,  the  Ponto 
di  Quattro  Capi  and  the  Ponte  San  Bartolomeo;  besides 
which  are  Pons  Sublicius,  the  oldest  of  tho  Roman  bridges, 
the  Ponte  Sisto,  the  Ponte  Rotto,  now  converted  into  a  sus- 
pension-bridge, and  Pons  vElius,  now  the  Ponte  Sant'  Angelo, 
the  latter  connecting  the  city  with  tho  castle  of  Sant'  Angelo, 
which  serves  for  a  state  prison,  and  which  has  a  covered 
way  to  the  Vatican.  Only  four  of  these  bridges  are  now  ia 
use.  The  three  principal  thoroughfares  of  Rome  diverge 
from  the  Piazza  del  Popolo,  an  irregular  open  space  at  its 
N.  extremity  ;  the  central  of  these,  the  Corso,  extends  in  a 
direct  line  S.S.E.  for  about  a  mile.  There  are  in  all  506 
streets,  275  lanes,  and  148  squares ;  many  of  these  are  or- 
namented with  richly-sculptured  fountains,  of  which  there 
are  in  Rome  150.  These  are  supplied  with  excellent  water 
by  4  principal  aqueducts ;  the  finest  is  that  called  Aqua 
Vorgine ;  tho  others  are  Aqua  Felice,  Aqua  Paola,  and 
Aqua  Marcia.  The  water-supply  for  the  city  is  about  the 
best  in  Europe.  The  police  of  Rome  is  entirely  under  the 
director-general  of  police,  whoso  residence  and  offices  are 
in  the  palace  of  Monte  Citorio.  The  Carnival,  the  great 
public  festival  of  Rome,  begins  after  New  Year's  day,  and 
continues  until  the  beginning  of  Lent.  Notwithstanding 
its  architectural  and  artistic  riches,  modern  Rome  has  a  sad 
and  desolate  aspect.  Most  of  the  streets  are  narrow,  and 
paved  with  cubes  of  lava ;  in  these  the  finest  palaces  and 
the  most  wretched  hovels  are  often  seen  side  by  side.  Since 
1870  an  immense  amount  of  repair,  reconstruction,  and 
improvement  has  been  carried  on,  largely  at  tho  publio 
expense.  The  situation  of  Rome  is  unhealthy,  from  tho 
efi'ects  of  malaria,  especially  in  summer ;  but  from  the 
mildness  of  its  winter  climate  it  is  a  favorite  resort  for  in- 
valids. Mean  temperature,  January,  47.3°;  July,  78.4° 
Fahr,  The  tramontana,  or  N.  wind,  is  often  attended  by 
severe  storms.  The  siroceo,  or  S.  wind,  is  debilitating 
in  summer.  Frost  seldom  lasts  over  the  night,  and  snow 
falls  on  an  average  only  IJ  days  in  the  year.  Rome  has 
354  churches,  with  7  basilicas,  many  of  which  are  remark- 
able for  their  architecture  and  their  decorations ;  of  these 
the  cathedral  of  St.  Peter's  is  the  largest  and  most  sump- 
tuous in  the  world.  Founded  a.d.  1450,  its  building  occu- 
pied 176  years ;  it  was  planned  and  commenced  by  Bra- 
mante,  and  carried  on  by  Raphael,  Peruzzi,  Sangallo,  and 
Michael  Angelo.  Length  of  the  cathedral,  613  feet;  width, 
286  feet ;  height  to  top  of  cross,  434^  feet.  The  S])ace  cov- 
ered by  the  buildings  of  St.  Peter's  is  240,000  square  feet ; 
and  the  cost,  exclusive  of  the  sacristy,  bell-towers,  &c.,  was 
£10,000,000.  The  church  of  St.  John  Lateran,  founded  by 
Constantino,  in  which  tho  popes  were  crowned,  is  the 
mother  church  of  Rome,  and  contains  the  gorgeous  Corsini 
chapel.  Tho  five  general  councils  known  .as  the  Lateran 
councils  have  given  celebrity  to  this  basilica,  which  also 
contains  the  Scala  Santa,  consisting  of  23  marble  steps, 
with  the  Sancta  Sanctorum,  a  Gothic  chapel,  at  the  summit. 
The  basilica  of  Santa  Maria  Maggiore,  and  the  ancient  church 
of  Ara  Coeli,  were  built  about  tho  sixth  century.  The  palace 
of  tho  Vatican,  adjoining  St.  Peter's,  is  said  to  contain  4422 
halls,  chapels,  and  other  apartments ;  it  became  the  permanent 
residence  of  the  popes  after  their  return  from  Avignon  in- 
1377,  and  has  extensive  gardens.  Its  galleries  and  halls, 
the  Sala  Regia,  or  ambassadors'  hall  of  audience,  and  tho 
Sistine  chapel,  decorated  by  Raphael  and  Michael  Angelo, 
contain  the  most  choice  paintings  and  statues,  including  tha 
great  fresco  of  the  "  Last  Judgment,"  and  that  portion  of 


KOM 


2304 


ROM 


thoM  carried  off  by  the  French  which  was  rMtored  in 
1816.  A  aeries  of  its  galleries,  splendidly  deooratod  with 
itatuos  and  marbles,  ooatiiins  the  famous  library  of  the 
Vatican,  founded  a.d.  1447.  Its  museum  of  sculpture,  the 
richest  in  the  world,  contains  the  Apollo  Belvedere  and  the 
Laociion.  The  superb  palaou  of  the  Quirinal,  or  palace  of 
Monte  Cavallo,  is  surrounded  by.  extensive  gardens;  at- 
tached to  this  is  the  palace  called  the  Dataria  Apottolica, 
whence  the  pontifical  bulls  are  issued.  In  the  square  of 
the  Quirinal  is  the  palace  of  the  Consultiv,  seat  of  the 
supreme  tribunal.  The  palace  of  Salviati  contains  the 
archives  of  Rome.  In  the  Campidoglio,  or  modern  capitol, 
forming  three  sides  of  a  square,  are  the  palace  of  the  sen- 
ators of  lloiue,  that  of  the  Oonservatori,  and  the  Cnpitoline 
lauseum,  riub  in  objects  of  art  and  antiquities ;  between 
those  is  placed  the  famous  bronxo  statue  of  Marcus  Aurelius. 
There  are  upwards  of  60  splendid  private  palaces:  the 
finest  of  those  arc  the  Barborini  palace  ;  the  Doria  palace, 
r«markable  for  its  extent  and  its  gallery  of  paintings;  the 
Colonna  palace,  for  its  gardens ;  the  Kospigliosi  and  Far- 
neso  palivoes,  the  latter  celebrated  for  its  architecture;  the 
Borghese  palace,  with  colossal  statues,  and  one  of  the  richest 
picture-galleries  in  Rome;  and  the  Ccnci  palace,  scene  of 
the  tragedy  of  which  Beatrice  Ccnci  was  the  victim.  The 
villas  or  residences  of  the  Roman  nobles,  in  the  suburbs 
of  the  city,  are  situated  amidst  orange-  and  citron-groves 
and  ornamented  with  fountains  and  statues ;  the  most 
magnificent  of  those  is  the  Villa  Borghese,  on  the  Pincian 
hill,  outside  of  the  Porta  del  Popolo,  with  gardens  3  miles 
in  circuit,  which  were  much  injured  during  the  revolution 
of  1849.  The  Villa  Medici,  formerly  celebrated  for  its 
Venus,  now  belongs  to  the  French  government,  and  an  an- 
nual exhibition  of  pictures  by  French  artists  is  held  here. 
The  Villa  Albani  is  rich  in  ancient  sculptures  and  archi- 
tectural treasures.  Of  the  many  scieutifio  and  literary 
establishments  the  university  of  Rome  has  the  first  rank. 
It  was  founded  a.d.  1244,  as  a  school  for  the  canon  and 
civil  law.  Succeeding  popes  enlarged  it  and  added  new 
chairs.  There  are  now  42  professors,  and  it  is  well  attended. 
The  chief  of  the  others  are  the  Roman  college,  founded  by 
the  Jesuits,  with  a  rich  library  and  museums  of  natural 
history  and  antiquities,  and  a  celebrated  observatory,  and  the 
college  of  the  Propaganda,  in  which  natives  from  all  parts  of 
the  world  are  trained  as  missionaries,  and  to  which  a  cele- 
brated printing-establishment  is  attached.  Next  to  the 
library  of  the  Vatican,  the  chief  public  libraries  are  the 
Casanatense,  in  the  convent  of  Minerva,  with  120,000  vol- 
umes and  4500  MSS.,  the  Angelica  library,  with  84,820 
printed  volumes  and  2945  MSS.,  and  the  Corsini  library, 
with  60,000  printed  books  and  a  large  collection  of  engrav- 
ings. Besides  the  museums  of  the  Vatican  and  the  Capitol, 
the  public  collections  comprise  museums  of  anatomy,  natu- 
ral history,  mineralogy,  antiquities,  and  mosaics,  and  there 
are  numerous  and  valuable  private  collections.  Rome  has 
8  theatres,  a  deaf-mute  institution,  numerous  hospitals 
and  benevolent  institutions,  orphan  hospitals,  and  homes 
of  industry,  the  chief  of  which  are  San  Spirito,  contain- 
ing a  foundling  hospital  and  lunatic  asylum,  the  Holy 
Trinity,  and  Santissimo  Salvatore.  In  the  hospital  of  San 
Michele,  800  children  are  instructed  in  arts  and  trades. 
This  institution  contains  also  numerous  schools  of  paint- 
ing, sculpture,  and  architecture,  a  house  of  correction  for 
juvenile  offenders  and  women,  and  an  asylum  for  old  people. 
The  chief  industry  of  the  inhabitants  of  Rome  is  connected 
with  the  production  of  articles  of  art,  and  the  supply  of  the 
numerous  artists,  invalids,  and  other  visitors;  its  manufac- 
tures are  confined  to  woollen  and  silk  fabrics,  hats,  gloves, 
strings  for  musical  instruments,  artificial  feathers,  false 
pearls,  mosaics,  jewelry,  velvets,  leather,  stockings,  ghiss,  and 

Sottory.  The  remains  of  ancient  Rome  comprise  the  Cloaca 
[axima,  a  great  subterranean  tunnel,  still  in  good  repair, 
the  aqueducts,  the  circus  of  Romulus,  the  circus  Maximus, 
the  Coliseum,  remains  of  the  theatres  of  Marcellus  and  of 
Pompey,  the  palace  of  the  Caesars,  the  temple  of  iBscula- 
pius,  the  temples  of  Concord,  of  the  Sun,  and  of  Vesta,  the 
mausoleum  of  Augustus,  in  the  Campus  Martins,  the  tomb 
of  Cascilia  Metella,  the  Columbaria,  on  the  Appian  way, 
the  Tarpeian  rock,  the  Mamertino  prisons,  the  Praetorian 
camp,  the  fountain  of  Egeria,  the  Pantheon,  a  part  of  the 
Thermae  of  Agrippa,  those  of  Caracalla,  Diocletian,  Nero, 
Titus,  Ac,  the  triumphal  arches  of  Titus,  Constantino,  and 
Septimius  Scverus,  the  columns  of  Antoninus  and  Trajan, 
several  Egyptian  obelisks,  and  the  Roman  forum,  now 
called  Campo  V'^accino.  According  to  the  popular  account, 
Rome  was  founded  by  Romulus  in  754  B.C.  In  the  two 
centuries  preceding  the  Christian  era  its  dominion  extended 
over  all  the  countries  of  the  Mediterranean ;  its  territories 


were  further  extended  by  the  first  emperors ;  but  in  the 
fifth  century  the  barbarians  of  the  N.  and  E.  deprived  it 
of  several  provinces.  The  city  was  taken  by  Alaric  in  410, 
and  by  Qenserio  in  455.  It  passed  successively  under  the 
domination  of  the  Ostrogoths  and  the  Emperors  of  the 
East ;  it  was  given  to  the  ])ope8  by  Pepin  and  Charleiiingne 
in  the  eighth  century,  and  then  became  the  capital  of 
the  States  of  the  Church.  From  1809  till  1814  it  was  the 
capital  of  the  department  of  Rome  in  the  French  Empire 
under  Napoleon  I.,  and  at  the  latter  date  was  given  back 
to  the  Pontiff  to  form  the  capital  of  the  States  of  the  Church. 
It  was  garrisoned  by  French  trooj)s  from  1849  till  1S70, 
when,  after  the  withdrawal  of  the  garrison,  it  was,  on  Sep- 
tember 20,  1870,  occupied  by  Italian  troops,  since  which 

time  it  has  been  the  capital  of  the  kingdom  of  Italy. 

Adj.  Ro'man  (It.,  Sn.,  and  Port.  Romano,  ro-mi'no,  fem- 
inine, Rouaka,  ro-m&'n&;  Fr.  RoMAiN,  ro'miN"',  feminine, 
RoMAiNE,  ro^min' ;  Oer.  Rohisch,  ro'mish;  Dutch,  Room- 
sciiB,  rom'sk^h);  Inhab. — In  English,  French,  Italian, 
Spanish,  and  Portuguese  the  adjective  is  also  used  for  the 
inhabitant  (Oer.  Romer,  rci'm^r;  Dutch,  Romein,  ro-min'). 

Rome,  a  province  and  compartimcnto  of  the  kingdom 
of  Italy,  comprising  the  S.W.  portion  of  the  former  States 
of  the  Church,  annexed  by  royal  decree,  October  9,  1870, 
between  lat.  41°  12'  and  42°  60'  N.,  Ion.  11°  27'  and  13° 
33'  E.,  bounded  N.W.  by  Tuscany,  N.E.  by  Umbria  and 
the  Abruzzi,  £.  and  S.  by  the  Campagna,  S.  and  W.  by  the 
Mediterranean  Sea.  Area,  4553  square  miles.  Pop.  (1885) 
937,712.  The  territory  is  watered  by  the  Tiber,  which 
forms  part  of  its  N.E.  boundary  and  crosses  it  nearly  in 
the  centre  of  the  province.  The  principal  lakes  are  those 
of  Bolsena,  Bracciano,  and  Albano,  The  territory  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  lower  ramifications  of  the  Apennines;  in  the 
W.  and  S.W.  the  undulating  plain  called  the  Campagna  di 
Roma  terminates  in  the  Pontine  marshes  in  the  S.,  noted 
for  insalubrity.  The  climate  is  very  mild,  and  the  region 
of  the  Campagna  of  Rome  would  be  a  garden  but  for  the 
fatal  miasma,  which  forces  the  cultivators  of  the  soil  to 
seek  refuge  at  night  in  the  scattered  towns  near  its 
borders.  The  soil  is  generally  fertile,  but  neglected  ;  much 
of  the  surface  affords  excellent  pasturage,  which  is  occupied 
by  great  herds  of  buffaloes.  Considerable  flocks  of  sheep 
and  many  horses  are  reared.  The  chief  crops  are  wheat, 
maize,  pulse,  hemp,  wine,  oil,  and  tobacco ;  and  in  the  ex- 
treme S.,  sugar,  indigo,  and  cotton  are  cultivated  to  a  small 
extent,  and  cork  trees  are  numerous.  The  wines  are  of 
inferior  quality.  Chestnuts  form  a  considerable  article  of 
food.  Salt  is  made  in  the  lagoons.  The  manufacturing 
industry  is  confined  to  articles  for  home  consumption,  com- 
prising silks,  leather,  gloves,  paper,  strings  for  musical 
instruments,  iron  and  glass  wares,  and  a  few  cotton  goods, 
at  Rome. 

Rome,  rom,  a  post-office  of  Covington  co.,  Ala. 

Rome,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarke  co.,  Ark.,  about  20  miles 
S.W.  of  Arkadclphia.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Rome,  a  city  and  the  capital  of  Floyd  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Coosa  River,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Etowah  and  Oos- 
tenaula  Rivers,  80  miles  N.W.  of  Atlanta,  39  miles  S.  by 
W.  of  Dalton,  and  196  miles  N.E.  of  Sclma.  It  is  on  the 
Selraa,  Rome  &  Dalton  Railroad,  and  is  the  W.  terminus 
of  the  Rome  Railroad,  which  connects  at  Kingston  with  the 
Western  &  Atlantic  Railroad.  Its  site  is  hilly  and  com- 
mands an  extensive  view  of  mountain-scenery.  It  contains 
3  banks,  the  Rome  Female  College,  a  male  high  school,  10 
churches,  a  rolling-mill,  an  iron-foundry,  a  nail-factory,  a 
plough-factory,  <fec.  One  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.  Large  quantities  of  cotton  are  shipped 
hero.  Rome  was  incorporated  as  a  city  in  1847.  It  com- 
prises corporations  or  suburbs  called  De  Soto,  South  Rome, 
Ac.     Pop.  in  1870,  2748;  in  1880,  3877;  in  1890,  6957. 

Rome,  a  hamlet  of  Jefferson  co..  111.,  13  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Ccntralia.     It  has  2  churches.     Here  is  Dix  Post-OfBce. 

Rome,  a  post-hamlet  of  Peoria  co..  111.,  on  the  Illinois 
River,  and  on  the  Peoria  Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Rock 
Island  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Peoria. 

Rome,  Noble  co.,  Ind.    See  Rome  Citv. 

Rome,  a  post-village  in  Tobin  township.  Perry  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  about  90  miles  below  New  Albany,  and 
14  miles  by  land  E.  of  Cannelton.  It  has  a  church  and 
the  Rome  Academy.     Pop.  221. 

Rome,  a  post-village  in  Tippecanoe  township,  Henry 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Skunk  River,  and  on  the  Burlington  «fc 
Missouri  River  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  Mount  Pleasant. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  400. 

Rome,  a  township  of  Jones  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1281. 

Rome,  a  post-office  of  Sumner  co.,  Kansas,  37  mile<(  S. 
of  Wichita. 


iROM 


2305 


RON 


Rome,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rome  township,  Kennebec  co., 
Me.,  on  Great  Pond,  about  20  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Augusta. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  725. 

Rome,  a  post-village  in  Rome  township,  l^enawee 
CO.,  Mich.,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Adrian,  and  about  25  miles 
6.S.E.  of  Jackson.  It  has  2  stores  and  26  dwellings.  The 
township  contains  5  churches,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1298. 

Rome,  a  township  of  Faribault  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  458. 

Rome,  a  post-hamlet  of  Winston  co.,  Miss.,  24  miles 
E.  of  Kosciusiio.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Rome,  a  post-office  of  Douglas  co.,  Mo. 

Rome,  a  city  of  New  York,  and  one  of  the  capitals  of 
Oneida  co.,  is  situated  on  the  Mohawk  River,  and  on  the 
Erie  Canal,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Utica,  109  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Albany,  38i-  miles  E.N.E.  of  Syracuse,  and  142  miles  S.  of 
Ogdcnsburg.  It  is  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  at 
the  S.  terminus  of  the  Rome,  Watertown  <fc  Ogdensburg 
Railroad,  and  is  on  the  Rome  Branch  of  the  New  York  & 
Oswego  Midland  Railroad.  The  Black  River  Canal  termi- 
nates hero  and  connects  with  the  Erie  Canal.  Rome  con- 
tains a  handsome  court-house,  13  churches,  a  high  school, 
a  large  hotel,  3  national  banks,  2  savings-banks,  an  acad- 
emy, a  public  library,  manufactures  of  locomotives,  farm- 
ing-implements, railroad  iron,  cigars,  and  machinery,  and 
printing-offices  which  issue  2  or  3  weekly  newspapers. 
Pop.  in  1880,  12,194;  in  1890,  14,991. 

Rome,  a  village  in  Green  township,  Adams  co.,  C,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  28  miles  below  Portsmouth.  It  has  2  churches, 
and  is  an  important  shipping-point.  Pop.  471.  Here  is 
Stout's  Post-Office. 

Rome,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Rome  township,  Ash- 
tabula CO.,  0.,  on  the  Ashtabula,  Youngstown  &  Pittsburg 
Railroad,  26  miles  N.  of  Warren,  and  about  60  miles  E.  by 
N.  of  Cleveland.  The  township  has  manufactures  of  butter 
and  cheese.     Pop.  of  township,  609. 

Rome,  a  township  of  Athens  co.,  0.     Pop.  1972. 

Rome,  or  Rome  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Delaware  co., 
0.,  23  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Columbus.     It  has  a  church. 

Rome,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.     Pop.  2096. 

Rome,  a  village  of  Richland  co.,  C,  about  12  miles  N. 
of  Mansfield.  It  has  2  churches.  The  name  of  its  post- 
office  is  Rives. 

Rome,  a  post-village  in  Rome  township,  Bradford  co., 
Pa.,  on  Wysox  Creek,  about  10  miles  N.E.  of  Towanda, 
and  32  miles  S.E.  of  Elmira,  N.Y.  It  has  an  academy  and 
3  churches.     Pop.  230 ;  of  the  township,  1333. 

Rome,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1274. 

Rome,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smith  oo.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Cum- 
berland River,  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lebanon,  and  45  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Nashville.  It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory 
of  farming-implements. 

Rome,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Wis.    Pop.  330. 

Rome,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Wis.,  8  miles  N. 
of  Palmyra,  and  about  37  miles  W,  of  Milwaukee.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  saw-mills. 

Rome  City,  a  post-village  in  Orange  township.  Noble 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  an  affluent  of  the  St.  Joseph  River,  and  on  the 
Grand  Rapids  <fc  Indiana  Railroad,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Ken- 
dallville.  It  has  extensive  water-power,  a  large  flouring- 
mill,  and  a  woollen-mill,  also  2  churches  and  a  mineral 
spring. 

Romen,  ro-m{n',  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  S.  of 
the  government  of  Chernigov,  and,  flowing  S.E.,  joins  the 
Soola  after  a  course  of  90  miles. 

Romen,  or  Romny,  rom'nee,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment and  90  miles  N.N.W.  of  Poltava,  on  the  Soola, 
here  joined  by  the  Romen.  Pop.  5952.  A  fair  is  held  here 
yearly,  from  the  15th  to  the  31st  of  May,  at  which  goods  to 
the  amount  of  two  millions  of  roubles  are  sometimes  sold. 

Romenay,  ro^meh-ni',  a  town  of  France,  in  Saone-et- 
Loire,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Tournus.     Pop.  499. 

Romentino,  ro-m5n-tee'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  near 
Galliate.     Pop.  2163. 

Ro'meo,  a  post-village  of  Macomb  co.,  Mich.,  in  Bruce 
and  Washington  townships,  on  the  Michigan  Air-Line 
Railroad,  37  miles  W.S.W.  of  Port  Huron,  and  about  35 
miles  N.  of  Detroit.  It  has  2  national  banks,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  union  school,  5  churches,  3  iron-foundries,  5  flouring- 
mills,  a  planing-mill,  and  manufactories  of  carriages,  farm- 
ing-implements, and  steam-engines.     Pop.  la  1890,  1687. 

Romeo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Tenn.,  about  66 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Knoxville.     It  has  a  mill. 

Romeo,  a  post-office  of  Marathon  co..  Wis. 

Romeral,  ro-mi-ril',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
24  miles  S.E.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  2079. 

Romeroville,  ro-mi'ro-vil,  a  post-office  of  San  Miguel 
CO.,  New  Mexico. 


Romerstadt,  ro'm^r-stltt^  or  Rzimarzow,  zheo- 

maii'zov,  a  town  of  Moravia,  24  miles  N.  of  Olmutz.  Pop. 
5014.     It  has  manufactures  of  linen. 

Romford,  rum'f9rd,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Essex, 
on  a  railway,  14  miles  E.N.E.  of  St.  Paul's,  London.  The 
town  has  an  ancient  church,  a  national  school,  almshouses, 
a  union  workhouse,  town  hall,  jail,  market-house,  and 
barracks.     Pop.  (1891)  8408. 

Rom'ford  Station,  a  post-office  of  Litchfield  co., 
Conn.,  on  the  Shepaug  Railroad,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Litchfield. 

Romhild,  roni'hilt,  a  walled  town  of  Germany,  in 
Saxe-Meiningen,  13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Meiningen.  Pop.  1577. 

Romilly-sur-Andelle,  ro^mce^yee'-  (or  ro'meel*- 
yce'-)  sUR-6N"Mfil',  a  town  of  France,  in  Eure,  9  miles 
N.W.  of  fies  Andelys.     Pop.  1366. 

Romillyosur-Seine,  ro^mee^yee'-  (or  ro'meePyee'-) 
siiR-sdn,  a  town  of  France,  in  Aube,  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
Seine,  and  on  a  railway,  10  miles  E.  of  Nogcnt-sur-Seine. 
It  has  a  fine  chateau,  with  manufactures  of  cotton  hosiery 
and  cordage.     Pop.  4925. 

Ro'mine,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  111.     Pop.  893. 

Romine  City,  a  hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  111.,  about  9 
miles  S.  of  Salem.     Hero  is  Raccoon  Post-Office. 

Romine's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co., 
W.  Va.,  on  Elk  River,  10  miles  S.  of  Clarksburg,  and  about 
20  miles  S.W.  of  Grafton. 

Rom'ney,  or  New  Rom'ney,  a  cinque  port,  decayed 
town,  and  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  on  the  English 
Channel,  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Canterbury.     Pop.  1129. 

Rom'ney,  a  post-village  in  Randolph  township,  Tippe- 
canoe CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago 
Railroad,  i  mile  from  Corwin  Station,  and  13  miles  S.  of 
Lafayette.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  car- 
riage-shop.    Pop.  about  300. 

Romney,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hampshire  co.,  W. 
Va.,  on  the  South  Branch  of  the  Potomac  River,  about  22 
miles  S.  of  Cumberland,  Md.,  and  16  miles  S.E.  of  Pied- 
mont. It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  money- 
order  post-office,  and  the  West  Virginia  Institution  for  th6 
Deaf,  Dumb,  and  Blind.     Pop.  482. 

Rom'ney  Marsh,  a  level  tract  of  about  24,000  acres 
of  rich  sheep-pasture  in  England,  co.  of  Kent,  secured 
against  the  sea  by  an  immense  embankment,  under  the 
management  of  a  corporation. 

Romny,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Romen. 

Romoe,  ro'mo^^h  or  ro'miih^y§h,  an  island  of  Prussia, 
off  the  W.  coast  of  Sleswick,  4  miles  N.E.  of  the  island  of 
Silt.     Length,  8  miles.     Pop.  2000. 

Romont,  ro^mdu"',  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 

12  miles  S.W.  of  Freyburg,  on  the  Glan.     Pop.  1555. 
Romoos,  ro-moce',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 

13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lucerne.  Pop.  1543. 
Romorantin,  ro'mo^r6N»H&K»',  a  town  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Loir-ct-Cher,  on  the  Sauldre,  25  miles  S.E.  of 
Blois.  Pop.  7436.  It  has  a  tribunal  of  commerce,  a  com- 
munal college,  an  old  castle  and  a  spacious  prison,  and  man- 
ufactures of  woollen  stuffs,  leather,  ribbons,  oil,  and  flour, 
also  iron-furnaces  and  forges. 

Romsdal,  roms'dil,  an  amt  of  Norway,  stift  of  Trond- 
hjcm,  extending  from  the  Snechtetten  W.  and  N.W.  to  the 
Atlantic.  Area,  6030  square  miles.  Pop.  117,220.  It  com- 
prises the  Romsdal-Fiord,  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  60  miles  in 
length,  and  on  an  arm  of  which  is  the  village  of  Romsdal. 
The  chief  town  is  Molde. 

Rom'sey,  or  Rum'sey,  a  borough  of  England,  co. 
and  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Southampton  by  canal  or  railway. 
Pop.  4212.  The  tovfn  has  a  venerable  cruciform  church,  a 
charity  school,  almshouses,  and  a  branch  bank. 

Romsoe,  rom'so^h,  an  islet  of  Denmark,  in  the  Great 
Belt,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Funen. 

Romula  (Romula;),  the  ancient  name  of  Bisaccia. 

Rom'uius,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tuscaloosa  co.,  Ala.,  15 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Tuscaloosa.     It  has  2  churches. 

Romulus,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Wayne  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Huron  River,  and  on  the  Flint  <fc  Pere  Mar- 
quette Railroad,  23  miles  S.AV.  of  Detroit.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  of  township,  1520. 

Romulus,  a  post-village  in  Romulus  township,  Seneca 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Geneva,  Ithaca  ASayre  Railroad,  12  miles 
S.E.  of  Geneva,  and  11  miles  S.  of  Waterloo.  It  has  2 
churches,  5  stores,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  a  public  hall. 
Pop.  about  300.  The  township  is  bounded  E.  by  Cayuga 
Lake  and  W.  by  Seneca  Lake,  and  has  a  pop.  of  2765. 

Ro'na,  an  island  of  the  Hebrides,  Scotland,  co.  of  In- 
verness, 1  mile  N.  of  Rasay  Island.     Pop.  157. 

Rona,  an  island  of  the  Outer  Hebrides,  Scotland,  1  mils 
S.  of  North  Uist.    Length,  2  miles. 


BON 


wm 


KOO 


Rona,  an  island  of  tho  Hebrides,  in  the  Atlnntio,  40 
milos  N.  of  Lewis,  in  lat.  59°  10'  N.,  Ion.  5°  61'  W. 

Ito'iinld,  a  township  of  loniii  co.,  Mioli.     Pop.  1324. 

Jlon'uldsay,  a  puat-villugo  in  Urejr  co.,  OuUrio,  17 
miles  from  Mount  Forest.     Pop.  150. 

Uon'uldshay,  NoitTn,  tho  nortbemmost  inland  of  the 
Orkneys,  Scotland,  with  a  light-house  at  its  N.E.  extremity, 
In  lat.  59°  28'  N.,  Ion.  2°  28'  W.     Pop.  539. 

ItonaidshRyt  South,  an  island  of  the  Orkneys,  in  Soot- 
Und,  6  unlos  N. N.E.  of  Dunounsby  Hood.  Length,  8  luiles. 
Arei^  18  square  miles.  Pop.  251)1.  St.  Margaret's  Hope, 
on  the  N.  coast,  has  a  safe  and  convenient  harbor. 

Roncal,  ron-k&l',  a  valley  of  Spain,  in  Navarre,  and 
having  a  village  37  miles  E.  of  Pamplona. 

Uoiiccsvallcs,  ron'se-virifis  {tip.  HoHcevfitlht,  ron- 
thfis-vAl'yis ;  Fr.  liancevanx,  ii6ns*vO'  or  r6N»'8?h-vo'),  a 
frontier  village  of  Spain,  in  Navarre,  province  and  22  miles 
N.E.  of  Pamplona,  in  a  gorge  of  the  Pyrenees.  Po]i.  240. 
Here,  it  is  traditionally  said,  the  rearguard  of  Charlemagne's 
»rmy,  under  llolanJ,  was  defeated  and  destroyed  in  778. 

Ronce vcrtCf  ronss' vert,  a  post-village  of  G  rccnbrier  co., 
W.  Va.,  on  the  Greenbrier  lliver,  and  on  tho  Chesapouke  A 
Ohio  Railroad,  11  miles  W.  of  tho  White  Sulphur  Springs. 
Jioiue  vtrte  is  the  French  for  "  green  brier."  It  has  exten- 
sive manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  in  1890,  481. 

Roiichamp,  r6N»^sh6N»',  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Uaute- 
SaOno,  8  miles  £.  of  Lure.     Pop.  1S95. 

Roncigiioiie,  ron-cbeel-yo'n4,  a  town  of  Italy,  11 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Viterbo,  on  the  Lake  of  Vioo.  Pop.  6041, 
engaged  in  paper-mills  and  iron-works. 

lloiico,  ron'ko,  or  Uideute,  be-d2n'tiL  (anc.  HedeaU), 
a  river  of  Italy,  rises  in  Tuscany,  flows  N.N.E.,  and  enters 
the  Adriatic  5  miles  E.  of  Ravenna.     Length,  50  miles. 

Koiico,  ron'ko,  a  village  of  North  Italy,  in  Venice,  14 
miles  S.E.  of  Verona,  on  the  Adigo.     Pop.  2000. 

Roiico-BieIIese,ron'ko-bo-6l-li'si,  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  and  7  miles  E.  of  Biella.     Pop.  1373. 

Ronco-in-Canavesc,  ron'ko-in-ki-ni-vi'ai,  a  vil- 
lage of  Italy,  17  miles  W.  of  Ivrca.     Pop.  IS73. 

Uoiicq,  r6.\k,  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  7  miles  N. 
of  Lille.     Pop.  2320. 

Ronda*  ron'di,  a  city  of  Spain,  province  of  Malaga,  at 
the  foot  of  the  Sierra  Ronda,  42  miles  N.  of  Gibraltar.  Pop. 
19,334.  It  occupies  precipitous  heights  on  the  Guadiaro, 
across  the  bed  of  which,  from  200  to  300  feet  above  tho 
river,  are  three  bridges.  The  old  city,  encircled  by  Moor- 
ish fortifications,  has  a  ruined  Moorish  palace,  'f  he  new 
town,  enclosed  by  cliffs,  is  regularly  laid  out,  and  has  nu- 
merous churches,  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths,  flannel, 
leather,  and  silk  stuffs,  many  water-mills,  and  an  active 
trade.  In  the  fourteenth  century  it  was  the  capital  of  the 
Moorish  chief  Aboo-Melik. 

Ron'dcaii,  or  Blen'heim,  a  post-village  in  Kent 
CO.,  Ontario,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Chatham.  It  has  2  churches, 
and  several  stores,  hotels,  mills,  and  factories.     Pop.  850. 

Rondeau  Harbor,  a  lake-port  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Kent, 
on  Lake  Erie,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Chatham.     Pop.  150. 

Rondissone,  ron-dis-so'n4,  or  Rondizzone,  ron- 
dit-so'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Turin,  near  the 
Dora  Baltea.     Pop.  1953. 

Ron'do,  a  post-office  of  Conway  co.,  Ark. 

Rondo,  a  village  of  Miller  co.,  Ark.,  about  7  miles  E. 
of  Texarkana. 

Rondo,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  Mo.,  about  40  miles  N. 
by  W.  of  Springfield. 

Rondout,  ron'dSwt,  a  post-village  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Hudson  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Rondout  Creek,  28 
miles  above  Newburg,  and  3  miles  S.E.  of  the  city  of 
Kingston,  to  which  it  has  been  annexed.  It  is  the  S.E. 
terminus  of  the  Ulster  &  Delaware  Railroad,  and  is  a  ter- 
minus of  the  Delaware  &  Hudson  Canal.  It  contains  about 
10  churches,  2  national  banks,  the  capital  of  which  amounts 
to  $500,000,  2  newspaper  offices,  several  machine-shops, 
and  a  large  manufactory  of  cement.  It  has  an  extensive 
trade  in  coal,  which  is  brought  hither  from  Pennsylvania 
on  tho  canal.  Many  steamboats,  barges,  and  sailing-vessels 
are  employed  in  transporting  coal,  cement,  and  stone  from 
this  place.  A  steam  ferry  connects  Rondout  with  Rhino- 
cliff  on  the  Hudson  River  Railroad.  Rondout  was  annexed 
to  Kingston  in  1872. 

Rondout  Creek,  New  York,  rises  in  Sullivan  co., 
runs  nearly  northeastward  through  Ulster  co.,  and  enters 
the  Hudson  River  near  Rondout.  The  Wallkill  and  Ron- 
dout unite  about  6  miles  from  the  Hudson  River;  and  the 
stream  below  the  junction  is  sometimes  called  the  Wallkill. 
The  Delaware  &  Hudson  Canal  extends  along  this  river 
front  Rondout  to  Ellenvillfl.  s~-^    ..i...J  ^:'. 


Ro'ney,  a  post-office  of  Hickory  co.,  Mo.,  about  55 
miles  S.  of  Scdalia. 

Roney'H  Point,  a  post-village  of  Ohio  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Wheeling  &  Pittsburg  Branch  of  the  llaltimoro  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Wheeling.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  carriage-shop.    Pop,  131. 

Ro'ney's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Spottsylvaniaoo,,Va. 

Rongy,  r^No^shee',  a  village  of  Relgium,  in  llainaut, 
on  the  EInon,  7  miles  S.  of  Tournay.     Pop.  1460. 

Ronkonko'ina,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Ronkunkoma  Lake,  1  mile  N.  of  Lakeland  Station  on  the 
Long  Island  Railroad,  and  50  miles  E.  of  New  York. 

Rtinne,  riin'nvh,  a  seaport  town  of  Denmark,  on  the 
W.  coast  of  the  island  of  Uornholm,  of  which  it  is  the 
capital.  Pop.  5435.  It  has  a  town  hall,  grammar-school, 
hospital,  shi])-building  docks,  and  manufactures  of  woollen 
cloth  and  tobacco. 

Rouneburg,  ron'n^h-boSRoS  a  town  of  Sase-Altcn- 
burg,  4  miles  E.S.E.  of  Gera.  Pop.  5706.  It  has  a  ducal 
palace,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  porcelain,  earth- 
enware, and  leather.     In  the  vicinity  are  mineral  baths. 

Rouneby,  ron'n?h-bii\  a  town  of  Sweden,  lajn  and  12 
miles  N.W.  of  Carlserona,  on  the  Ronnoby-Aa,  near  its 
mouth  in  the  Baltic.     Pop.  2000. 

RonnoAV,  ron'nov,  or  Ilronow,  h'ro'nov,  a  market- 
town  of  Bohemia,  16  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Czaslau.     P.  1 176. 

Ro'no,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co.,  Ind.,  on  tho  Ohio 
River,  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cannelton.     It  has  a  church. 

Ronquiibrcs,  r6so^ke-aiii',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
llainaut,  on  the  Somme,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Mons. 

Ronquillo  Settlement,  La.    See  Hapi-y  Jack. 

Ronsberg,  rons'bSna,  or  Ronsspcrg,  ronss'pditc,  a 
town  of  Bohemia,  23  miles  W.N.W.  of  Klattau.     P.  1899. 

Ronsdorf,  rons'donf,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  3 
miles  S.E.  of  Elberfeld.  It  has  m.anufactures  of  hardware 
and  of  cotton,  silk,  and  linen  fabrics.     Pop.  9573. 

Ronse,  a  town  of  Belgium.    See  Rgnaix. 

Ronscco,  ron-si'ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  34  miles  N.E. 
of  Turin.     Pop.  1514. 

Roodbar,  Roudbar,  or  Rudbar,  rood^b.ar',  a  town 
of  Persia,  province  of  Ghilan,  35  miles  S.  of  Reshd,  on  the 
Rood,  by  which  it  exports  oil,  olives,  and  soap  to  Russia. 

Rood'house,  or  Road'housc,  a  post-village  of 
Greene  co.,  111.,  on  tho  Chicago  A  Alton  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  two  branches,  21  miles  S.  by  W,  of  Jackson- 
ville. It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a 
foundry,  and  repair-shops  of  the  railroad. 

RooMurpoor',  a  town  of  India,  26  miles  S.E.  of 
Goruckpoor.     Pop.  5535. 

Rooks,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an  area 
of  900  square  miles.  It  is  watered  by  the  South  Fork  of 
Solomon  River  and  Paradise  Creek.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating prairie.  Cottonwood,  elm,  ash,  black  walnut,  and 
oak  are  among  its  timber  trees.  JVlagnesian  limestone  of 
fine  quality  is  found  here.  Capital,  Stockton.  Pop.  in 
1880,  8112;  in  1890,8018. 

Rook's  Island,  Pacific  Ocean,  is  between  Papua  and 
New  Britain,  in  lat.  5°  29'  S.,  Ion.  147°  46'  E. 

Room,  a  Turkish  name  of  Greece. 

Room,  a  vilayet  of  Turkey.     See  Seevas. 

Roomahieh,  or  Roumahieh.    See  Rooxyab. 

Room-Elee.     See  Roumelia. 

Room-Kalah,  Roum-Kalah,  or  Rum>KaIah, 
room-ki'lil(j.e.,"  Castle  of  Rome"),  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
on  the  Euphrates,  50  miles  S.S.E.  of  Someisat.  Tho  name 
Room,  "  Rome,"  is  often  loosely  applied  by  the  Turks  to 
places  anciently  Roman  or  Byzantine  colonics. 

Roon,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Roden. 

Roonyah,  Rounyah,  roon'yi,  Roomahieh,  or 
Roumahieh,  roo-mi-hee'yeh,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
pashalic  and  about  120  miles  S.  of  Bagdad,  on  an  affluent 
of  the  Euphrates.     It  consists  of  about  400  houses. 

Roop,  a  j)ost-hamlet  of  Emmons  co.,  N.D.,  9  miles 
(direct)  E.  of  Williamsport,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
Pop.  about  30. 

Roop'ville,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Ga.,  2  miles 
(direct)  S.W,  of  Carrollton.  It  has  a  distillery,  a  saw-mill, 
general  stores,  Ac.     Pop.  about  200. 

Roor'kee,  a  town  of  Indi.a,  Seharunpoor  district,  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Ilurdwar,  on  tho  Ganges  Canal.  It  has  a 
school  of  engineering.     Pop.  10,778. 

Roosa,  Rousa,  or  Rusa,  roo'sl,  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  56  miles  W.  of  Moscow,  on  an  affluent  of 
the  Moskwa.     Pop.  3991. 

Roosebeke,  Oost,  ost  ro's^h-bi^k^h,  a  village  of  Bel- 
gium, in  AVest  Flanders,  on  the  Lys,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of 
CourtraL     Pop.  4280. 


ROO 


2307 


ROS 


Roosebeke,  West,  ^t-Jst  ro'seh-bi'k^h,  or  Rosbecq, 
ros'bfik',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flanders,  14  miles 
N.W.  of  Courtrai. 

Roosevelt,  Osivcgo  co.,  N.Y.     See  Rosevelt. 

Roostchook,  Roustchouk,  or  Rustschuk,  roos^- 
chook',  written  also  Routchook,  Rusczuk,  and  Rust- 
schuk, a  city  of  Bulgaria,  on  the  river  Danube,  opposite 
Giurgiovo,  139  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Varna.  Pop.  30,000. 
It  has  some  trade  and  manufactures.  It  is  a  Greek  arch- 
bishop's see,  and  has  been  the  scene  of  many  sieges  and 
battles  in  the  llusso-Turkish  wars. 

Roos'ter  Rock,  a  post-oQico  of  Multnomah  oo.,  Ore- 
gon, on  the  Columbia  River. 

Root,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1252. 

Root,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.,  on  St.  Mary's 
River,  about  13  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Fort  Wayne. 

Root  Creek,  a  post-ofRco  of  Milwaukee  co..  Wis., 
about  7  miles  S.W.  of  Milwaukee. 

Root  River,  Minnesota.    See  IIokah  Riven. 

Root  River,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  the  E.  part  of  Wau- 
kesha CO.,  runs  southeastward  through  Milwaukee  and  Ra- 
cine COS.,  and  enters  Lake  Michigan  at  the  city  of  Racine. 
It  is  nearly  40  miles  long. 

Root  River,  a  post-office  of  Mower  eo.,  Minn.,  near 
the  source  of  IIokah  River,  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Austin. 

Roots'town,  a  post-villuge of  Portage  co.,  0.,  in  Roots- 
town  township,  li  miles  from  Rootstown  Station,  which  is 
on  the  Cleveland  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  42  miles  S.E.  of 
Cleveland,  and  4  miles  S,  of  Ravenna.  It  has  a  church,  a 
cheese-factory,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  1169. 

Rootstown  Station,  a  village  of  Rootstown  town- 
ship. Portage  co.,  0.,  on  the  Erie  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  4 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Ravenna.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufac- 
tures of  flour,  carriages,  cheese,  lumber,  and  shingles.  Here 
is  New  Milford  Post-Office. 

Root'ville,  a  post-office  of  Antrim  co.,  Mich. 

Ropequiz,  Indian  Ocean.    See  Roquepiz. 

Ro'pcrviile,  a  post- village  of  Gage  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
Big  Blue  River,  about  34  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Lincoln. 

Ro^pur',  a  town  of  India,  district  and  45  miles  E.  of 
Loodianah,  on  the  Sutlej,  at  a  ferry.     Pop.  7110. 

Roque,  La,  France.    See  La  Roque. 

Roqucbrou,  La,  France.    See  La  Roquebrop. 

Roquebrunc,  rok'briin',  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Var,  5  miles  W.  of  Frojus.     Pop.  1484. 

Roqucbrussane,  La.    See  La  RoyuEnuussANE. 

Roquecourbe,  rok'kooub',  a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn, 
19  miles  S.S.E.  of  Alby.     Pop.  1846. 

Roquefort,  rok'fon',  a  town  of  France,  in  Landes,  on 
the  Douzo,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Mont-do-Marsan.  Pop.  1753. 
It  has  manufactures  of  earthenwares. 

Roquemaurc,  ro'k§h-moR'  or  rok^mon',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Gard,  near  the  Rhone,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Nimes. 
Pop.  2315. 

Roquepiz,  ro-k^h-peez',  erroneously  written  Rope> 
quiz,  an  island  in  the  Indian  Ocean.  Lat.  9°  66'  N. ;  Ion. 
65°  14'  E. 

Roques,  Los,  loce  ro'kSs,  a  group  of  about  100  small 
islands  in  the  Caribbean  Sea,  belonging  to  Venezuela.  Lat. 
11°  57'  40"  N.;  Ion.  67°  40'  W.  Chief  islands,  EI  Grari 
Roque,  Salt  Key,  Great  Spar  Key,  and  Long  Key.  The 
islands  afford  salt,  phosphates,  and  tanners'  bark. 

Roquetas,  ro-k4'tas,  a  village  of  Spain,  province  and 
11  miles  S.AV.  of  Almeria,  on  the  Bay  of  Almeria,  with 
Bait-works.     Pop.  2238. 

Roquc-Timbaut,  rok-t3,if°^bo',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Lot-et-Garonne,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Agen.     Pop.  1370. 

Roquevaire,  rokVAn',  a  town  of  France,  in  Bouches- 
du-Rhone,  11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Marseilles.     Pop.  1719. 

Roraas,  ro'ros,  a  mining  town  of  Norway,  stift  and 
67  miles  S.E.  of  Trondhjem.  Pop.  3000.  It  yields  a  great 
amount  of  copper  ore. 

Roraima,  ro-ri'mi,  a  mountain  of  British  Guiana.  Lat. 
6°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  61°  10'  W.  It  gives  origin  to  rivers  tribu- 
tary to  the  Orinoco,  Amazon,  and  Essequibo,  and  which  form 
magnificent  falls  from  1400  to  1300  feet  in  height. 

Ro'rec,  also  called  Loh'ree,  Lo'huree,  Buk'knr, 
and  Ro'ree  Buk'kur,  a  town  of  India,  in  Sinde,  on  the 
E.  bank  of  the  Indus  (here  crossed  by  the  Indus  Valley 
Railway),  opposite  Sukkur,  and  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Shikar- 
poor.  It  has  important  manufactures  of  paper,  jewelry, 
silks,  leather,  cottons,  and  metal  wares.     Pop.  8580. 

Rorotonga,  an  island  in  the  Pacific.    See  Raratokoa. 

Rorschach,  roR'sh&K,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  at  a 
railway  junction,  canton  and  7  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Gall,  on 
the  Lake  of  Constance.     Pop.  8493. 

RoSf  ros,  or  Rossa,  ros'si,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in 


the  government  of  Kiev,  and  joins  the  Dnieper  a  little 
above  Cherkasee.     Length,  160  miles. 

Ro'sa,  a  post-village  in  Northumberland  co.,  Ontario, 
4i  miles  N.W.  of  Trenton.     Pop.  100. 

Rosalia,  ro-zE'le-a,  a  post-township  of  Butler  co.,  Kan- 
sas, about  30  miles  6.E.  of  Peabody.     Pop.  375. 

Rosalia,  a  post-office  of  Whitman  co.,  Washington,  23 
miles  from  Colfax. 

Rosalie  (roz'a-le)  Peak,  or  Mount  Rosalie,  Colo- 
rado, a  peak  of  the  Front  Range,  near  lat.  39°  35'  N.,  and 
about  10  miles  S.  of  Georgetown.     Height,  14,340  feet. 

Rosalind,  roz'a-lind,  post-office,  Republic  co.,  Kansas. 

Rosamond,  Illinois.     See  Rosemond. 

Rosa  Morada,  ro'sS,  mo-ri'ni,  a  town  of  Mexico, 
state  of  Cinaloa,  S.E.  of  Culiacan.  Pop.  about  6000. 
Around  it  coffee,  citron,  and  indigo  grow  wild. 

Rosario,  ro-sfl,'re-o,  a  small  island  of  the  Benin  group, 
in  the  Pacific  Ocean.     Lat.  14°  5'  S.;  Ion.  141°  W. 

Rosario,  ro-s4're-o,  a  river  of  Mexico,  state  of  Cinaloa, 
falls  into  the  Pacific  Ocean  about  30  miles  below  Mazatlan. 

Rosario,  ro-si're-o,  or  Sanamaro,  si-n&-uii'ro,  a 
village  in  the  island  of  Teneriffo,  on  a  beautiful  plain,  not 
far  from  Laguna.     Pop.  1609. 

Rosario,  ro-si're-o,  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Republic, 
province  of  Santa  Fc,  230  miles  by  water  N.W.  of  Buenos 
Ayres,  on  tlie  W,  bank  of  the  Parand.  It  is  the  E.  termi- 
nus of  an  important  railway  system,  and  has  direct  com- 
merce with  Europe  and  North  America.  It  has  a  national 
college,  also  manufactures  of  bricks,  flour,  lumber,  Ac.  Its 
streets  are  traversed  by  tramwaj'S  and  lighted  with  gas. 
Rosario  is  one  of  the  chief  commercial  towns  in  the  republic. 
Pop.  (officially  estimated)  6000. 

Rosario  de  Cucuta,  ro-si're-o  di  koo-koo'tS,,  a  town 
of  the  republic  of  Colombia,  department  of  lioyaca,  on  the 
river  Zulia.  It  is  the  depot  for  the  produce  of  the  surround- 
ing country.     Pop.  5000. 

Rosarno,  ro-san'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Reg- 
gie di  Calabria,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Gioja.     Pop.  2063. 

Ro'saryville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prince  George's  co., 
Md.,  1  mile  from  Linden  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Rosas,  ro's&s  (anc.  Ithoda,  or  Ithodopef),  a  seaport 
town  of  Spain,  province  and  27  miles  N.E.  of  Gerona,  on 
the  N.  shore  of  the  Gulf  of  Rosas.     Pop.  2732. 

Rosatc,  ro-s4'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  13  miles  N.W.  of 
Pavia.     Pop.  2363. 

Rosay-en-Brie,  France.    See  Rozoy-es-Buie. 

Rosbach,  ross'biK,  a  hamlet  of  Plymouth  co.,  Iowa,  on 
Perry  Creek,  16  miles  N.  of  Sioux  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Rosbecq,  a  village  of  Belgium.     See  Roosebeke. 

Rosber'con,  or  Roseber'con,  a  village  of  Ireland, 
CO.  of  Kilkenny,  on  the  Barrow,  opposite  New  Ross.  Pop. 
959.  It  has  extensive  stores  and  quays,  a  distillery,  and 
the  remains  of  a  monastery. 

Ros'borough,  a  station  in  Randolph  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Cairo  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  4i  miles  S.E.  of  Sparta. 

Ros'by's  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co., 
W.  Va.,  on  the  Baltimore  &,  Ohio  Railroad,  17  miles  S.  of 
Wheeling.     It  has  <a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  3  stores. 

Roschitz,  ro'shits,  or  Rcspitz,  rds'pits,  a  town  of 
Austria,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Korneuburg.     Pop.  1243. 

Rosciano,  rosh-d'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Teramo,  S.E.  of  Civita  di  Penne,  on  the  Pescara.    Pop.  2838, 

Roscianum,  Roscia  Navalis  Thurioruin,  the 
ancient  names  of  Rossaso. 

Roscigno,  ro-sheen'yo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Avellino,  S.E.  of  Campagna.     Pop.  1265. 

Ros'coe,  a  post-village  in  Roscoe  township,  Winnebago 
CO.,  111.,  on  Rock  River,  1  mile  from  Roscoe  Station  of  the 
Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  85  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Chicago,  and  5  miles  S.  of  Beloit,  Wis.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  graded  school,  and  a  plough-factory.  Pop.  about  350  j 
of  the  township,  1135. 

Roscoe,  a  township  of  Davis  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  629. 

Roscoe,  a  post-office  of  Des  Moines  co.,  Iowa. 

Roscoe,  a  post-office  of  Graham  eo.,  Kansas. 

Roscoe,  a  post-township  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minn.,  14 
miles  from  Kasson,  and  about  22  miles  N.W,  of  Rochester. 
It  has  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  1014. 

Roscoe,  a  post-village  in  Roscoe  township,  St.  Clair 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Osage  River,  65  miles  N.N.W.  of  Springfield. 
Pop.  302;  of  the  township,  922.     It  has  3  churches. 

Roscoe,  a  station  in  Keith  co.,  Neb.,  on  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of  Ogalalla. 

Roscoe,  a  post-village  in  Coshocton  co.,  0.,  about  25 
miles  N.  of  Zanesville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a 
wooUen-faotory,  a  saw-mill,  a  foundry,  and  a  tannery.  Pop, 
about  800, 


ROS 


2808 


ROS 


Roscoe,  a  po8t-villiigo  of  Edmunds  oo.,  S.D.,  42  mi1e> 
by  rail  W.  of  Aberdeen.  It  fans  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office, 
a  flour-mill,  &e.  It  is  a  great  whoHt  and  atuck-raiaing 
district.     Pop.  in  1890,  114. 

Koscoe  Centre^  a  post-hamlct  in  Roscoe  township, 
Qoodbue  oo.,  Minn.,  about  25  miles  S.S.W.  of  Reil  Wing. 

ROBCOlTf  ros'kofT,  a  village  of  Franco,  in  Finistdrc,  on 

t  tongue  of  liiiul  extending  into  the  English  Channel,  13 
-liles  N.W.  of  Morlaix.     Pop.  1282. 

I  Roscorn'mon^  a  county  of  Ireland,  in  Connaught, 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  river  Shannon,  and  by  the  Suck 
on  the  W.  Aroit,  950  square  miles.  The  surface  is  mostly 
undulating;  uiuiintainous  in  the  N.,  and  flnt  in  the  K. 
Tho  soil  is  gononilly  fertile.  Pop.  114,194.  The  principal 
towns  are  Roscommon,  Boyle,  Ciistle-Rea,  Strokestown,  and 
a  part  of  Athlono.  It  sends  two  members  to  Parliament. 
'  Koscommoiif  a  town  of  Ireland,  capital  of  Roscom- 
mon CO.,  on  the  Dublin  &  Mullingar-  Railway,  17  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Athlono.  Pop.  2375.  The  principal  cdillces 
are  the  parish  church,  chapel,  court-house,  jail,  and  county 
Infirmary,  with  remains  of  a  cnstio  and  a  fine  abbey  of  the 
thirteenth  century.  Its  manufactures  comprise  woollens, 
flannel,  shoes,  and  earthenwares. 

Roscorn'moD)  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of 
Michigan,  has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Muskegon  River  and  the  South  Branch  of  the  Au 
Sable  River.  It  contains  Lake  Houghton,  about  11  miles 
long.  The  surface  is  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  pine 
and  other  trees.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Michigan  Central 
Railroad.  Capital,  Roscommon.  Pop.  in  1890,  203.3. 
'  Roscorn'mon^  a  post-hamlet,  capital  of  Roscommon 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Jackson,  Lansing  &.  Saginaw  Railroad, 
87  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bay  City.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
lumber-mill. 

Roscommon^  a  hamlot  of  Monroe  co.,  Pa.,  14  miles 
N.W.  of  Easton, 

Roscrea,  ros-kri',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Tipperary, 
near  its  N.W.  extremity,  7  miles  W.  of  Borris-in-Ossory. 
Pop.  2992.  It  is  finely  situated,  and  has  a  barracks,  court- 
and  market-house,  bridewell,  fovcr  hospital,  and  workhouse. 

Rose,  a  township  of  Shelby  co..  111.     Pop.  1494. 

Rose^  a  post-office  of  Woodson  co.,  Kansas,  12  miles 
W.  of  Humboldt. 

Rose,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  in  Rose 
township,  about  44  miles  N.AV.  of  Detroit.  The  township 
is  intersected  by  the  Flint  &  Pere  Marquette  Railroad. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1084. 

'Kose,  a  township  of  Ramsey  co.,  Minn.     Pop,  710. 

Rose,  or  Rose  Valley,  a  post-village  in  Rose  town- 
ship, Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Lake  Ontario  Shore  Rail- 
road, 31  miles  S.W.  of  Oswego,  and  6  miles  N.  of  Clyde. 
It  contains  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  steam  saw-mill, 
and  a  grist-mill.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Rose.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  2107. 

Rose,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  0.     Pop.  1106. 
,  Rose,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1058. 

Rose,  a  township  of  Waushara  co.,  AVis.     Pop.  378. 

Roseau,  ro-zo'  (formerly  Charlotte  Town),  a  town 
of  the  British  West  Indies,  capital  of  the  island  of  Domi- 
nica, near  its  S.W.  point,  with  an  arsenal  and  a  good  harbor. 
It  is  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop's  see.  Near  the  town  arc 
hot  springs.     Pop.  5000. 

Rose  Bank,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas, 
2u  miles  from  Enterprise. 

Rose  Bay,  a  post-office  of  Hyde  co.,  N.C. 

Rosebercon,  a  village  of  Ireland.     See  Rosbercon. 

Roseberry,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Tenn. 

Rose  Blanche,  a  post-town  and  port  of  entry  of  New- 
foundland, 225  miles  W.  of  St.  John's  (by  steamer).  It  has 
a  small  but  safe  harbor,  and  a  good  trade.     Pop.  452. 

Rose  Bluff,  a  post-office  of  Calcasieu  parish,  La. 

Roseboom,  ro^'boom,  a  post-village  in  Roseboom 
township,  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  4  miles  S.AV.  of  Cherry  Valley, 
and  about  36  miles  S.E.  of  Utica.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1433. 

Roscborough,  roz'bur-ruh,  a  post-hamlet  of  Laurens 
CO.,  S.C.,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Santuck  Station.   It  has  a  church. 

Rose  Bow'er,  a  hitmletof  De  Soto  co..  Miss.,  4  miles 
from  Horn  Lake,  and  about  17  miles  S.  of  Memphis,  Tenn. 
It  contains  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Rose  Bower,  a  post-office  of  Appomattox  co.,  Va. 

Rose'bud,  a  post-office  of  Wilcox  co.,  Ala. 

Rose  Bud,  a  post-hamlet  of  White  co.,  Ark.,  28  miles 
W.  of  Kensett  Station.     It  has  2  stores. 

Rose  Bud,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pope  co..  III.,  is  on  or 
near  the  Ohio  River,  about  10  miles  below  Golconda.  It 
has  2  churches. 


Rosebud,  a  post-office  of  Meyer  co.,  S.D.,  215  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  Ynnkton.  Hero  is  an  agency  of  the  Spotted 
Tail  Sioux  Indians;  also  a  church. 

Rosebud,  a  post-office  of  Falls  co.,  Tex. 

Rosebud  Creek,  Montana,  rises  in  Big  Horn  co.,  runs 
northward,  and  enters  the  Yellowstone  in  Int.  46°  38'  N. 

Rnscburg,  roz'bQrg,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co.,  Ind., 
about  24  miles  E.  of  Kokomo. 

Roseburg,  a  hamlet  of  Union  co.,  Ind.,  2}  miles  from 
Liberty. 

Roseburg,  a  post-office  of  Sanilao  co.,  Mich. 

Roseburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Douglas  co,, 
Oregon,  on  the  South  Fork  of  the  Uiiipqua  River,  and  on 
the  Oregon  &  California  Railroad,  200  miles  S.  of  Uort- 
land,  and  76  miles  S.  of  Eugene  City.  It  contains  a  court- 
house, 2  newspaper  offices,  5  churolies,  and  a  flouring-mill. 
It  is  the  principal  market  of  the  largo  and  fertile  Umpqua 
Valley,  of  which  grain  and  wool  are  the  staple  products, 
A  daily  paper  is  published  here.     Pop,  in  1890,  1472, 

Roseburg,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co..  Pa, 

Rosccrans,  ro'zo-kranz,  a  post-hamlct  of  Lake  co., 
111.,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Waukogan.     It  has  3  stores. 

Rosecrans,  a  post-office  of  Clinton  oo,.  Pa.,  6  or  7 
miles  S.E.  of  Lock  Haven. 

Rosecrans,  a  post-office  of  Manitowoc  co.,  Wis. 

Rose  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Ind. 

Rose  Creek,  township,  Republic  co.,  Kansas.    P.  375. 

Rose  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Mower  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Windom  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Austin.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
money-order  post-office. 

Rose  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Thayer  co..  Neb.,  on 
Rose  Creek,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Fairbury,  and  .about  68  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Lincoln,  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
plough-factory. 

Rose  Creek,  a  hamlet  of  McNairy  co.,  Tenn.,  6  miles 
W.  of  Bethel  Riiilroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Rosedale,  rOz'dal,  a  post-office  of  Kern  co..  Cal. 

Rosedale,  a  post-village  of  Jersey  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Illinois  River,  16  miles  W.  of  Jerscyvillc.  It  has  a  church, 
a  seminary,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Rosedale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Logansport,  Crawfordsville  <fc  Southwestern  Railroad,  13 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Terre  Haute.  It  has  2  churches,  a  car- 
riage-shop, <fec. 

Rosedale,  a  hamlet  and  station  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Columbus,  Chicago  &  Indiana  Central  Railroad,  l(i 
miles  N.W.  of  Logansport,  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  88. 
Here  is  Oak  Post-Office. 

Rosedale,  a  post-office  of  Wright  co.,  Iowa. 

Rosedale,  a  post-village  of  Wyandotte  co.,  Kansas, 
near  the  Kansas  River,  and  on  the  Missouri  River,  Fort 
Scott  &  Gulf  Riiilroad,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Kansas  City.  It 
has  a  church,  a  rolling-mill  which  employs  about  300  men, 
and  a  manufactory  of  car-wheels.     Pop.  in  1890,  2276. 

Rosedale,  a  post-office  of  Letcher  co.,  Ky. 

Rosedale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Iberville  parish.  La.,  on  a 
railroad,  20  miles  W.  of  Baton  Rouge.     It  has  3  churches. 

Rosedale,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  5J 
miles  N.E.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  a  church. 

Rosedale,  Mississippi.    See  Floreyvillk. 

Rosedale,  a  station  of  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  & 
Northern  Railroad,  3  miles  from  the  initial  station  in  St 
Louis,  Mo. 

Rosedale,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co..  Neb. 

Rose  Dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pasquotank  co.,  N.C, 
about  40  miles  S.  of  Norfolk,  Va. 

Rosedale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  0.,  4  miles 
S.E.  of  Irwin  Station,  which  is  23  miles  N.E.  of  Springfield. 

Rosedale,  a  station  of  the  Philadelphia  &  Baltimore 
Central  Railroad,  2i  miles  E.  of  Kennet  Square,  Pa. 

Rosedale,  a  post-office  of  Greene  oo..  Pa.,  about  60 
miles  S.  of  Pittsburg. 

Rosedale,  a  post-office  of  Davidson  co.,  Tenn. 

Rosedale,  a  jwst-offico  of  Hardin  co.,  Tex. 

Rosedale,  a  post-office  of  Russell  co.,  Va. 

Rosedale,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co.,  Ontario,  7 
miles  N.W.  of  Fenelon  Falls.     Pop.  150. 

Roscdene,  roz'dccn,  or  Vienna,  a  post-village  in 
Monck  CO.,  Ontario,  10  miles  from  Beamsvillo.     Pop.  100. 

Rosefield,roz'fee1d,  a  post-township  of  Peoria  co.,  131. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Rail- 
road, and  contains  Langdon  and  Oak  Hill,  and  a  pop.  of 
1108.     Rosefield  Post-Offiee  is  at  Oak  Hill. 

Rosefield,  a  post-office  of  Catahoula  parish.  La. 

Rose  Grove,  a  post-township  of  Hamilton  co.,  Iowa, 
SO  miles  N.  of  Dos  Moines.    Pod.  107. 


ROS 


2309 


ROS 


Rosehearty,  roz'har'tee,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Aberdeen,  on  Moray  Firth,  4  miles  W,  of  Fraserburgh. 
Pop.  1206. 

Rose  Hill,  a  post-ofBcc  of  Covington  co.,  Ala.,  35  miles 
S.W.  of  Troy. 

Rose  Hill,  Cook  co.,  111.    See  Havelock. 

Rose  Hill,  Jasper  co.,  111.    See  IlARRiSBuno. 

Rose  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.,  is  at 
County  Line  Railroad  Station,  IG  miles  S.  of  AVarsaw. 

Rose  Hill,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Mahaska  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Oskaloosa  Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Kock  Island 
&  Pacific  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of  Oskaloosa.  It  has  a 
church  and  an  academy. 

Rose  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas. 

Rose  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Mercer  co.,  Ky.,  4  miles 
W.  of  llarrodsburg.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Rose  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Caddo  parish.  La.,  7  miles 
S.  of  Shreveport. 

Rose  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Amite  co..  Miss.,  about  50 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Natchez,  and  14  miles  N.  of  Clinton,  La. 

Rose  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Rose  Hill  township,  John- 
son CO.,  Mo.,  on  Big  Creek,  about  45  miles  S.E.  of  Kansas 
City.     Pop.  199;  of  the  township,  1439. 

Rose  Hill,  a  station  in  St.  J^ouis  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Mis- 
souri Pacific  Railroad,  14  miles  AV.  of  St.  Louis. 

Rose  Hill,  a  post-offico  of  Saunders  co..  Neb.,  20  miles 
N.  of  Lincoln. 

Rose  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Duplin  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Wilmington  it  Weldon  Railroad,  42  miles  N.  of  Wilmington. 

Rose  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Darke  co.,  0.,  about  30 
miles  W.N.AV.  of  Piqua. 

Rose  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Tenn.,  about 
17  miles  from  Clarksville. 

Rose  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Harris  co.,  Tex.,  about  14 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Houston. 

Rose  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Leo  co.,  Va. 

Rose  Island,  an  island  of  the  Bahamas,  E.  of  New 
Providence. 

Rose  Island,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  one  of  the  Navi- 
gators' Islands.     Lat.  14°  32'  47"  S. ;  Ion.  169°  AV. 

Rose  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Martin  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Fairmont  township,  10  miles  S.AV.  of  AVinncbago. 

Rose  Lake,  township.  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  104. 

Roseland,  rOz'land,  a  post-village  of  Cook  co.,  111.,  on 
the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  about  14  miles  S.  of  Chicago. 
It  has  a  church. 

Roseland,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co..  Neb.,  8  miles 
from  Juniata. 

Roseland,  a  post-village  in  Livingston  township,  Es- 
sex CO.,  N.J.,  at  the  base  of  the  Second  Mountain,  5  miles 
AV.  of  Orange,  and  9  miles  AA''.N.AV.  of  Newark.  It  has  a 
church,  an  academy,  and  a  shoe-factory. 

Roseland,  a  post-office  of  Nelson  co.,  A'a. 

Roselle,  ro'zSr,  a  post-village  in  Bloomingdalo  town- 
ship, Du  Page  CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Pacific  Railroad, 
24  miles  AV.  by  N.  of  Chicago.     It  has  a  manufactory  of 
linen. 
,    Roselle,  a  post-township  of  Carroll  co.,  Towa.     P.  321. 

Roselle,  a  post-village  in  Linden  township.  Union  co., 
N.J.,  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  3  miles  AV. 
of  Elizabeth,  and  17  miles  from  New  York.  It  has  several 
churches  and  schools. 

Rosello,  ro-s6rio,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Chieti, 
24  miles  S.  of  Lanciano.     Pop.  1323. 

RoseI'ma,  a  post-hamlet  of  Boone  co.,  Neb.,  about  10 
miles  S.AV.  of  Albion. 

Rosemary,  roz'mi-re,  a  township  of  Barnwell  co., 
S.C.     Pop.  618. 

Rosemary  Island,  Dampicr  Archipelago,  AVest  Aus- 
tralia.    Lat.  20°  28'  15"  S. ;  Ion.  116°  30'  E. 

Rose  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Amherst  co.,  A''a.,  5  miles 
AV.  of  Tye  River  Depot.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Rosemond,  roz'mSnd,  or  Ro'samond,  a  post-vil- 
l.ago  in  Rosemond  township.  Christian  co.,  111.,  on  the  In- 
dian.apolis  &  St.  Louis  Railro.ad,  4  miles  AV.  of  Pana,  and 
42  miles  S.E.  of  Springfield.     Pop.  of  township,  1107. 

Rosemont,  roz'mont,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co.. 
Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  10  miles  AV.N.AV.  of 
Philadelphia. 

Rosemont,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  18 
miles  AV.  of  Gilford.     It  contains  several  stores.  Pop.  150. 

Rose  Mount,  a  post-village  in  Rose  Mount  township, 
Dakota  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milw.aukce  k  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  19  miles  S.  of  St.  Paul,  and  about  16  miles  AV. 
of  Hastings.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  853. 

Rose  Mount,  a  post-office  of  AA^arren  co.,  Iowa. 

Rosenau,  ro'z§h-now\    or   Roznawa,    roz'nS,-M 


(Hun.  Rognyohanya,  ros'n'yo'bJn'yoh*),  a  town  of  Hun^ 
garj',  on  the  Sajo,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Gomor  Sajo.  Pop.  4855. 
It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop,  and  has  an  episcopal  seminary,  a 
convent,  2  colleges,  high  schools,  and  manufactures  of 
woollen  cloth  and  linen,  stone-ware,  leather,  and  paper. 

Rosenau  (Hun.  Rosnyo,  ros'n'yo*),  a  town  of  Transyl- 
vania, on  an  affluent  of  the  Aloota,  7  miles  S.  of  Kronstadt. 
Pop.  4023.  It  has  a  strong  castle,  and  Roman  Catholic  and 
Greek  churches. 

Rosenberg,  ro'z§n-b8nG\  a  town  of  Bohemia,  22  miles 
S.S.AV.  of  Budweis.     Pop.  1469, 

Rosenberg  (Hun.  Rozmberk,  rozm'bSnK'),  a  town  of 
Hungary,  co.  of  Liptau,  at  the  confluence  of  the  AVaag  and 
Revucza,  23  miles  N.N.E.  of  Neusohl.     Pop.  2997. 

Rosenberg,  ro'z^n-bduG^  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Oppeln.  Pop.  !5343.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  leather,  linens,  woollens,  <fec. 

Rosenberg  (Polish,  Susz,  soosh),  atown  of  AA''est  Prus- 
sia, 17  miles  E.  of  Marienwerder.     Pop.  3081. 

Rosenburg,  ro'zen-booRa\  Gross,  groce,  and  Klkin, 
kllne,  two  nearly  contiguous  villages  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Magdeburg.     Pop.  2361. 

Rosendale,  ro'z§n-dal,  a  post-office  of  Berrien  co.,  Ga, 

Roscndale,  a  post-office  of  Meeker  co.,  Minn. 

Rosendale,  a  township  ofAVatonwan  CO.,  Minn.  P.  208. 

Rosendale,  a  post-village  in  Benton  township,  An- 
drew CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  One  Hundred  and  Two  River,  and  on 
the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  &  Council  Bluffs  Riiilroad,  21 
miles  N.  of  St.  Joseph.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and 
a  woollen-factory. 

Rosendale,  a  post-village  in  Rosendale  township, 
Ulster  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  llondout  Creek,  the  Delaware  &  Hud- 
son Canal,  and  the  AVallkill  Valley  Branch  of  the  Erie 
Railroad,  94  miles  N.  of  New  York,  and  8  miles  S.S.AV.  of 
Kingston.  It  contains  2  or  3  churches,  and  manufactures 
of  hydraulic  cement,  about  1,500,000  barrels  of  which  are 
exported  in  a  year.  Pop.  about  600.  The  township  is 
bounded  E.  by  the  AVallkill  River,  and  N.AV.  by  Esopus 
Creek.  It  has  a  group  of  lakes  called  Binnewaters,  and 
valuable  quarries  of  limestone.     Pop.  in  1890,  1706. 

Rosendale,  a  post-village  in  Rosendale  and  Spring- 
vale  townships.  Fond  du  Lac  co.,  AVis.,  on  the  Sheboygan 
&  Fond  du  Lao  Railroad,  12  miles  AV.  of  Fond  du  Lac, 
and  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Ripon.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded 
Softool,  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1200. 

Rosendorf,  ro'z^n-doiif,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  20 
miles  from  Aussegg,  at  the  foot  of  the  Rosenberg,  above 
the  Elbe.     Pop.  1600. 

Roseneath,  roz'neeth,  a  post-village  in  Northumber- 
land CO.,  Ontario,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cobourg.     Pop.  100. 

Rosenhayu,  ro'z§n-hine\  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumber- 
land CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Vineland  Railroad,  5  or  6  miles  N.E. 
of  Bridgeton.     It  has  a  graded  school. 

Rosenheim,  ro'z§n-hinie\  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
Inn,  32  miles  S.E.  of  Munich.  Pop.  7501.  It  has  salt- 
works, mineral  baths,  and  manufactures  of  brass  and  copper. 

Rosenthal,  ro'z§n-tS.l\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse- 
Nassau,  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Marburg.     Pop.  1150. 

Rosenvick,  ro'z^n-vik,  a  post-hamlet  in  Highland 
township,  Chester  co..  Pa.,  i  mile  from  Doe  Run  Station, 
and  42  miles  AV.  of  Philadelphia.     It  has  a  cotton-factory. 

Rose  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Pa.,  on 
Slippery  Rock  Creek,  8  miles  E.  by  S.  of  New  Castle.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Rose's  Bar,  a  township  of  Yuba  co.,  Cal.    Pop.  1191. 

Rose's  Cabin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hinsdale  co..  Col., 
100  miles  N.AV.  of  Alamosa  Station. 

Rose's  Point,  a  station  in  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Port  Jcrvis  &  Monticello  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Port 
Jervis. 

Rose's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Kern  co.,  Cal.,  30 
miles  S.  of  Sumner. 

Rose's  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.,  4 
miles  E.  of  Trout  Run  Station.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
lumber-mill. 

Roscto,  ro-si'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Foggia^ 
11  miles  AV.  of  Troja.     Pop.  5349. 

Roseto,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Cosenza,  on  the 
Gulf  of  Taranto,  21  miles  N.E.  of  Cassano.     Pop.  1304. 

Rosetta,  ro-z6t'tl  (Arab.  Rasleed  or  Er-Raiifieed,Tl9- 
sheed' ;  Fr.  Rosette,  ro^zitt' ;  It.  Rosetta,  ro^sit'ti),  a  town 
of  Lower  Egypt,  on  the  AV.  arm  of  the  Nile,  0  miles  from 
the  sea,  and  40  miles  N.E.  of  Alexandria.  Lat.  31°  25'  N.  ; 
Ion.  30°  28'  E.  Pop.  (18S2)  16,971.  It  has  a  thriving 
general  trade,  and  manufactures  of  sail-cloth,  leather,  and 
iron  goods.  The  town  is  pleasantly  situated  and  nentlj 
built ;  it  is  in  repute  for  salubrity,  and  attracts  many  sum 


ROS 


2310 


ROS 


mar  visitora.  It  wu  founded  in  870,  near  the  site  of  the 
anoient  Bolbitinum  ;  and  here  in  1799  was  discovered  the 
famous  "  Rosetta  stone,"  which  furnished  the  key  to  tho 
Egyptian  hioroglyphios. 

Uosettc,  ro-zit',  a  post-hamlot  of  Lincoln  oo.,  Kansas, 
in  Griint  township,  18  miles  from  Wilson. 

Rosevale*  rOs'vill,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Kansas,  5| 
milos  from  Clay  Centre. 

RoaevalCj  a  post-hamlot  in  Albert  oo..  New  Brnnswick, 
20  miles  from  Salisbury.     Here  are  inexhaustible  beds  of 
oil-shale.     Pop.  lOU. 
:  Rose  Valley^  a  post-office  of  Pratt  co.,  Kansas. 

Rose  Valley,  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.    See  Rose. 

Rose  Valley,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co.,  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  60  miles  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  200. 

Roscvelt,  ro'ze-velt,  or  Roosevelt,  a  hamlet  of  Os- 
wego CO.,  N.Y.,  2  milos  from  Pennellvillc.   It  has  2  churches. 

Roseville,r5z'vIl,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Ark., 
on  tho  S.  bank  of  tho  Arlcansos  River,  about  40  miles  E.  of 
Fort  Smith.     It  has  a  church  and  nn  academy. 

Roseville,  a  post-village  of  Plaoor  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  tho  Oregon 
division,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Sacramento.     It  has  a  church. 

Roseville,  a  post-village  in  Roseville  township,  War- 
ren CO.,  111.,  on  the  Rockford,  Rock  Island  &  St.  Louis  Rail- 
road, 12^  miles  S.  of  Monmouth,  and  about  22  miles  S.W, 
of  Oalesburg.  It  contains  a  bank,  a  money-order  post- 
office,  4  churches,  and  agricultural  works.  Coal  is  mined 
here.  Pop.of  the  township  (1890),  1475;  of  the  village,  788. 

Roseville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.,  on  Rao- 
coon  Creek,  about  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Terrc  Haute.   It  has 

2  churches  and  a  flour-mill.     Coal  is  found  here. 
Roseville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barren  co.,  Ky.,  7  miles 

S.  from  Glasgow. 

Roseville,  a  hamlet  of  Hancock  co.,  Ky.,  14  miles 
from  Cloverport.  It  has  1  or  2  churches  and  a  tobacco- 
factory.     Pop.  about  50. 

Roseville,  a  post-village  of  Macomb  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Erin  township,  near  tho  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  11  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Dttroit.     It  has  several  churches. 

Roseville,  a  post-township  of  Kandiyohi  co.,  Minn., 
16  miles  from  Atwater  Station.     Pop.  286. 

Roseville,  a  hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  in  Byram 
township,  5  miles  K.  of  Stanhope. 

Roseville,  a  post-village  in  Clay  township,  Muskingum 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Cincinnati  <fc  Muskingum  Valley  Railroad, 
lOi  miles  S.  by  AV.  of  Zanesville.  It  has  5  churches,  a 
bank,  and  a  manufactory  of  stone-ware.    Pop.  (1890J  1021. 

Roseville,  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  co.,  Ontario,  8 
miles  S.  of  Berlin. 

Roseville,  Ontario.    See  Montague. 

Rosewood,  rOz'wood,  a  post-office  of  Cleburne  co., 
Ala.,  18  miles  S.  of  Tecumseh  Station. 

Rosewood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Levy  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
railroad  between  Gainesville  and  Cedar  Keys,  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Ced.ar  Keys.  It  has  a  church.  Oranges  and  other 
fruits  are  raised  here. 

Rosewood,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.,  on  tho 
Ohio  River,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Louisville. 

Rosewood,  a  hamlet  of  Muhlenburg  co.,  Ky.,  12  miles 
S.W.  of  Greenville.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 

Rosewood,  township,  Chippewa  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  318. 

Rosheim,  roz*5m',  a  town  of  Alsace,  at  the  foot  of  the 
Vosges  Mountains,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Strasburg.    Pop.  3503. 

Ro'siclare,  or  Rose  Clare,  a  post- village  of  Hardin 
CO.,  III.,  in  a  township  of  its  own  name,  on  the  Ohio  River, 

3  miles  below  Elizabethtown,  and  about  12  miles  above 
Golconda.  It  has  a  church,  and  mines  of  lead  and  fluor- 
spar.    Pop.  in  1890,  274. 

Rosienna,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Rossiena. 

Rosiere,  ro-zeer',  or  Rossier,  ros-seer',  a  post-ham- 
let in  Capo  Vincent  township,  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogilensburg  Railroad,  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Watertown.     It  has  a  church. 

Rosiere,  ro-zbair',  a  post-hamlet  of  Kewaunee  co.. 
Wis.,  in  Lincoln  township,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Green  Bay  (city). 
It  has  a  church. 

Rosieres,  ro'ze-ain',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute-Loire, 
8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Le  Puy.     Pop.  609. 

Rosieres,  a  town  of  France,  in  Somme,  18  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Amiens.     Pop.  2437. 

Rosieres  aux  Salines,  ro^ze-ain'  z5  s&Meen',  a  town 
of  France,  in  Meurthe-et-Moselle,  9  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of 
Nancy,  on  the  left  bank  uf  the  Meurthe.     Pop.  2094. 

Rosicrs,  Les,  14  ro^ze-i',  a  town  of  France,  in  Maine- 
et- Loire,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Loire,  and  on  the  Nantes 
&  Tours  Railway,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Angers.    Pop.  917. 


Rosignano,  ro-seen-y&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  16  miloi 
N.W.  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  2632. 

Rosignano,  a  village  of  Tuscany,  17  miles  from  Log. 
horn.     Pop.  of  commune,  6346. 

Rosi'na,  a  post-office  of  Ionia  co.,  Mich. 
Rosinar,  a  town  of  Transylvania.    See  Resinau. 
Rosinburg,  roz'in-bOrg,  a  hamlet  of  Wake  co.,  N.C., 
about  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Raleigh.    It  has  a  church.     Hero 
is  Wakoflcld  Post-Office. 

Rosindale,  roz'in-dal,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of 
Bladen  co.,  N.C.,  on  tho  Carolina  Central  Railroad,  38  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Wilmington. 

Rosine,  ro-zeen',  a  post-hamlet  of  Ohio  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Paducah  A  Elizabethtown  Railroad,  99  miles  S.W.  of  Loui.s- 
ville.     It  has  4  stores  and  a  hotel.     Pop.  about  100. 

Rosita,  ro-zeo'ta,  a  post-office  and  mining-town,  capi- 
tal of  Custer  co..  Col'.,  is  30  miles  S.  of  CaRon  City,  and  at 
an  altitude  of  9154  feet  above  the  level  of  tho  sea.  It  con- 
tains 4  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  2  works 
for  the  reduction  of  silver.  It  has  rich  silver-mines.  Th« 
place  was  first  settled  in  1873. 

R5skilde,  a  town  of  Denmark.    See  Roeskilde. 
Roslau,  ros'low,  a  town  of  Anhalt,  on  tho  Elbe,  4  miles 
N.  of  Dessau,     Pop.  3772. 

RosMavl,or  Ros'lovi,a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  69  miles  S.S.E.  of  Smolensk.     Pop.  6638. 

Roslea,  ros'li,  or  Royslea,  rois'lA,  a  village  of  Ire- 
land, CO.  of  Fermanagh,  4  miles  N.N.E.  of  Clones. 

RosMin,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  7  miles  S.E.  of 
Edinburgh.   It  has  the  celebrated  Roslin  Chapel,  containing 
the  tombs  of  many  of  the  Earls  of  Orkney  and  Roslin. 
Ros'lin,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.C. 
Ros'lin,  a  post-villago  in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  14 
miles  N.  of  Belleville.     Pop.  200. 

Roslindale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  on 
tho  Boston  &  Providence  Railroad,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Boston. 

Roslovl,  a  town  of  Russia.  See  Roslavl. 
Ros'lyn,  a  post-village  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  in  North 
Hempstead  township,  at  the  head  or  S.  end  of  Hempstead 
Harbor  (a  long  narrow  inlet  of  Long  Island  Sound),  and  on 
the  Long  Island  Railroad,  23  miles  E.N.E.  of  Brooklyn. 
It  has  6  churches,  a  savings-bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
paper-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  1261. 

Kosmaninhal,  ros-mi-necn-yS.!',  a  fortified  town  of 
Portugal,  in  Beira,  65  miles  S.S.E.  of  Guarda.     Pop.  1503. 
Rosnau,  ros'nSw,  or  RoznoAV,  roz'nov,  a  town  of 
Moravia,  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Weisskirchen.     Pop.  3109. 

Rosny,  ros'nee',  a  village  of  France,  with  a  detached 
fort,  2  miles  E.  of  Paris. 
Rosnyo,  a  town  of  Transylvania.     See  Rosexau. 
Rosny-sur-Seine,    ros^nee'-sliR-sin,   a  village   of 
France,  in  Seine-et-Oise,  4  miles  W.  of  Mantes,  on   the 
Seine,  and  on  the  railway  from  Paris  to  Rouen.    Pop.  1402. 
Rosolini,  ro-so-lee'nee,  a  town  of  Sicily,  8  miles  S.W. 
of  Noto.     Pop.  6367. 

Ross,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  12  miles  by  rail 
S.S.E.  of  Hereford.  Pop.  3586.  It  has  a  church,  a  work- 
house, market-house,  bank,  mechanics'  institute,  &c. 

Ross,  in  Ireland,  the  largest  island  in  the  lower  Lak* 
of  Killarney,  2  miles  S.  of  Killarney. 

Ross,  a  harbor  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Mayo,  on  the  E.  side 
of  Broadhaven. 

Ross,  or  Ross-Car'bery,  a  town  and  episcopal  see 
of  Ireland,  co.  of  Cork,  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Clonakilty.  Pop. 
714.  It  has  a  cathedral,  chapel,  bridewell,  market-  and 
court-houses,  <tc.  The  Anglican  see  is  now  merged  in  that 
of  Cork,  and  the  Roman  see  has  its  seat  at  Skibbereen. 

Ross,  New,  a  borough  of  Ireland,  co.  of  We.xford,  on 
tho  Barrow,  13  miles  N.N.E.  of  Watorford,  and  17  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Enniscorthy,  Pop.  6772.  It  is  enclosed  by  old 
walls,  and  has  a  quay  650  yards  in  length.  Principal  edi- 
fices, the  churches  and  chapels,  an  infirmary  and  vari- 
ous hospitals,  market-houses,  sessions-house,  barracks,  jail, 
custom-house,  &c.  The  exports  comprise  corn,  flour,  wool, 
butter,  cattle,  and  bacon.  It  sends  one  member  to  the 
House  of  Commons. 

Ross,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an  area  of 
about  658  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Scioto 
River,  and  also  drained  by  Paint  Creek,  the  North  Fork  of 
Paint  Creek,  and  Sugar  Creek.  The  surface  is  diversified 
by  verdant  hills,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests,  in 
which  the  sugar-maple,  buckeye,  and  oak  are  found.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Tho  valley  of  the  Scioto  is  remarkable  for 
its  beauty  and  fertility.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  cattle,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Ohio  Canal,  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Southwestern  Rail- 


ROS 


2311 


ROS 


road,  the  Cincinnati,  Dayton  <fc  Ironton  Railroad,  and  the 
Norfollt  &  Western  Riiilroad.  Capital,  Chillicothe.  Pop. 
in  1870,  37,097;  in  1880,  40.307;  in  1890,  39,454. 

Ross,  a  township  of  Edgar  co..  111.     Pop.  731. 

Ross,  a  township  of  Vermilion  co..  111.     Pop.  1738. 

Ross,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1741. 

Ross,  a  post-hamlet  in  Ross  township.  Lake  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Joliet  division  of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  35 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Chicago.  It  has  a  chufch.  Pop.  about  100  ; 
of  the  township,  1625. 

Ross,  a  township  of  Fremont  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1064, 
exclusive  of  Tabor. 

Ross,  a  township  of  Taylor  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  626. 

Ross,  a  township  of  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  741. 

Ross,  a  township  of  Osborne  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  383. 

Ross,  a  township  of  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1673. 

Ross,  a  post-office  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Grand 
Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad,  13  miles  S.  of  Grand  Rapids. 
•  Ross,  or  Venice,  a  post-village  in  Ross  township, 
Butler  CO.,  0.,  J  of  a  mile  W.  of  the  Miami  River,  18  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Cincinnati,  and  9  miles  S.W.  of  Hamilton.  It 
has  2  churches  and  3  stores.  Pop.  300.  The  township  is 
bounded  S.E.  by  Miami  River.     Pop.  of  township,  1705. 

Ross,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  0.     Pop.  1076. 

Ross,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  0.     Pop.  685. 

Ross,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1623. 

Ross,  a  township  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.     Pop.  990. 

Ross,  a  township  of  Monroe  co..  Pa.     Pop.  734. 

Ross,  Colleton  co.,  S.C.     See  Ross  Statio.v. 

Rossa,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Ros. 
.    Rossana,  ros-si'nil,  a  village  of  Italj',  8  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Saluzzo.     Pop.  2336. 

Ross-and-Crom'arty,  a  county  extending  across 
the  N.  part  of  Scotland,  from  sea  to  sea,  between  the  Minsh 
on  the  W.  and  the  Moray  Firth  on  the  E.,  and  including, 
in  detached  portions,  Cromarty  and  the  islands  of  Skye, 
Lewis,  Ac,  in  the  Hebrides,  it.s  mainland  portion  having 
N.  Sutherland  and  S.  Inverness-shire.  Area,  3151  square 
miles,  of  which  560  square  miles  are  in  the  Hebrides,  344 
belong  to  Cromarty,  and  9i  to  Nairn.  Pop.  80,955.  Crom- 
arty, I5eauly,  and  Dornoch  Firths  indent  it  on  the  E.,  and 
Lochs  Broom,  Greinord,  Ewe,  Gairloch,  Torridon,  and  Alsh 
on  the  W.  (Jranite  and  schists  form  the  N.  and  middle 
parts  of  the  county.  It  is  in  the  centre  of  a  wild  region 
of  mountains,  moors,  and  lakes,  traversed  by  small  rivers, 
along  which  are  tracts  of  fertile  soil.  In  some  parts  much 
good  wheat  is  raised,  but  the  greater  part  of  the  county 
is  appropriated  to  sheep-  and  cattle-farming.  Principal 
towns,  Dingwall,  Tain,  and  Cromarty.  It  sends  one  mem- 
ber to  the  House  of  Commons.     See  Cromautv. 

Rossano,  ros-si'no  (ano.  Roscia'numot  Roa'ciaNava'- 
lia  Thurio'rum),  a  city  of  Italy,  province  of  Coscnza,  near 
the  Gulf  of  Taranto,  17  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cariati.  It  has 
a  cathedral,  and  is  the  see  of  an  archbishop.  It  is  remark- 
able as  the  birthplace  of  three  popes,  viz.,  St.  Zosimus, 
John  VII.,  and  John  XVII.  It  is  a  very  ancient  place, 
and  is  said  to  have  been  founded  by  the  (Enotrii.  It  was 
taken  by  assault  and  pillaged  by  Totila,  King  of  the  Huns. 
Rossano  has  long  been  noted  as  an  abode  of  learning,  and 
especially  as  the  seat  of  the  famous  academy  of  SpcHsierati. 
It  has  marble-quarries.     Pop.  14,341. 

Rossbach,  ross'bS,K,  or  Rasbach,  ris'biK,  a  village 
of  Bohemia,  27  miles  W.N.W.  of  Elbogen.     Pop.  3645. 

Rossbach,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Prussian  Saxony, 
government  of  Merseburg,  17  miles  S.  of  Halle. 

Rossberg,  a  mountain  of  Switzerland.     See  Goldau. 

Ross'biirg,  a  hamlet  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind.,  1  mile  from 
Nowpoint  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Ross-Carbery,  a  town  of  Ireland.    See  Ros5s. 

Rosscommoii,  Monroe  co.,  Pa.    See  Roscommo.v. 

Ross'  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co..  Me.,  on  the 
E.  border  of  Shapleigh  township,  about  32  miles  W.  by  S. 
of  Portland.     It  has  a  church. 

Rosseau,  ros-so',  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  0., 
about  28  miles  S.  of  Zanesville.     Pop.  49. 

Rosseau,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Lake  Rosseau,  35  miles  from  Braoebridge.     Pop.  200. 

Riissel,  ros's^l,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  62  miles  S.E. 
of  Kiinigsberg.     Pop.  3557. 

Ros'sel,an  island  of  the  South  Pacific  Ocean,  in  Loui- 
siade  Archipelago,  lat.  11°  22'  S.,  Ion.  164°  26'  E.,  22  miles 
long  from  E.  to  W.,  and  lOi  miles  in  greatest  breadth. 

Ross  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Oneida  co.,  Idaho,  on  Ross 
.Fork,  an  affluent  of  the  Snake  River,  and  on  the  Utah  & 
Korthern  Railroad,  about  70  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Franklin. 

Ross  Grove,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  co.,  111. 

Rossie,  ros-see',  a  post-village  in  Rossie  township,  St. 


Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Indian  River,  at  the  head  of  navi- 
gation, 6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hammond  Station,  and  about  26 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Ogdcnsburg,  It  has  an  iron-furnace,  a 
flour-mill,  and  2  churches.  Pop.  149.  The  township  is  in- 
tersected by  Oswegatchie  River,  and  contains  Wegatchie, 
and  mines  of  iron  and  lead.  Marble,  graphite,  satin-spar, 
spinel,  zircon,  &c.,  are  found  here.     Pop.  1765. 

Rossie,  a  station  of  the  Utioa  <fc  Black  River  Railroad, 
15  miles  S.  of  Morristown,  N.Y.,  and  about  4  miles  W.  of 
the  village  of  Rossie. 

Rossie  Island,  Scotland.    See  Inch-Brayock. 

Rossiena,  ros-se-4'nS,,  or  Rosienna,  ro-se-6n'ni 
(Polish,  liossienie,  ross-yfin'yi),  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment of  Kovno,  100  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Vilna,  on  the  Dubissa. 
Pop.  10,732,  It  is  the  see  of  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop,  and 
has  several  churches  and  a  Piarist  college. 

Rossier,  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.    See  Rosiere. 

Rossiglione,ros-seel-yo'n4,,  a  village  of  Italy,  18  miles 
N.W.  of  Genoa,  on  the  Stura  Rossiglione.     Pop.  2753. 

Rossignol  Lake,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Lake  Rossignol. 

Rossinar,  a  village  of  Transylvania.    See  Resinau. 

Rossiya.    See  Russia. 

Rossia,  ross'li,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  10  miles 
W.  of  Sangerhausen.     Pop.  2316. 

Ross'land,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co..  Pa.,  about  20 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Easton, 

Rosslau,  a  town  of  Anhalt.    See  Roslait. 

Rossleben,  ross'li'ben,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  25 
miles  W.  of  Merseburg,  on  the  Unstrut.     Pop.  2133. 

Ross'lyn,  a  post-office  of  Chippewa  co.,  Minn. 

Ross  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Dunkirk,  Alleghany  Valley  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  29 
miles  S.  of  Dunkirk. 

Rosso,  ros'so,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Genoa,  on 
the  Bisagno.     Pop.  of  commune,  2899. 

Ross  (ross)  Station,  a  post-office  of  Colleton  co.,  S.C, 
on  the  South  Carolina  Railroad,  37  miles  N.W.  of  Charles- 
ton.    Here  arc  2  turpentine-distilleries. 

Ross'ton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Manor  township,  Armstrong 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the  Alleghany 
Valley  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Kittanning. 

Rosston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cook  co.,  Tex.,  60  miles  W. 
of  Sherman.     It  has  a  church. 

Ross'town,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  0.,  in  Union 
township,  near  Danville  Station,  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mount 
Vernon.    It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  a  steam  saw-mill,  <fco. 

Rosstrevor,  a  seaport  of  Ireland.    See  Rostrevou. 

Ross  View,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Tenn. 

Ross'vilie,  a  post-village  in  Grantand  Ross  townships, 
Vermilion  co..  111.,  on  the  North  Fork  of  Vermilion  River, 
and  on  the  Chicago,  Danville  &  Vincenncs  Railroad,  18  miles 
N.  of  Danville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  money-order  post- 
office,  a  banking-house,  a  newspaper  office,  a  flour-mill,  a 
graded  school,  an  elevator,  and  12  stores.     Pop.  1000. 

Rossvilie,  a  post-village  in  Ross  township,  Clinton 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Middle  Fork  of  AVild  Cat  River,  about  17 
miles  E.  of  Lafayette.  It  has  a  graded  school,  4  churches, 
and  m.anufactures  of  carriages,  flour,  pumps,  Ac.    Pop.  471. 

Rossvilie,  a  post-village  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa,  about 
14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lansing.     It  has  3  churches. 

Rossvilie,  a  post-village  in  Rossvilie  township,  Shaw- 
nee CO.,  Kansas,  on  Cross  Creek,  and  on  the  Kansas  Pacific 
Railroad,  16  miles  AV.N.AV.  of  Topeka.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  420. 

Rossvilie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Philadelphia,  Wilmington  &  Baltimore  Railroad,  about  9 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Baltimore. 

Rossvilie,  a  post-village  in  Westfield  township,  Rich- 
mond CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Staten  Island  Sound,  about  18  miles 
S.W.  of  New  York,  and  5  miles  S.E.  of  Rahway,  N.J.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Rossvilie,  a  village  of  Spring  Creek  township,  Miami 
CO.,  0.,  adjoining  Huntersville,  and  i  mile  from  Piqua.  It 
has  a  church. 

Rossvilie,  a  post-hamlet  in  Warrington  township, 
York  CO.,  Pa.,  14  miles  N.W.  of  York.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  coach-factory. 

Rossvilie,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rossvilie  township,  Chester 
CO.,  S.C,  about  44  miles  N.  of  Columbia.  The  township, 
which  is  bounded  E.  by  the  Catawba  River,  has  6  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  ICTnship,  1600. 

Rossvilie,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad,  31  miles  E.  of  Memphis. 
It  has  a  church.     Pop.  125. 

Rossvilie,  a  post-office  of  Atascosa  co.,  Tex. 

Ross'ville,  a  village  at  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Play 
Green  Lake,  2  miles  E.  of  Norway  House,  North-West  Tern- 


ROS 


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ROT 


toric«,  Ciioado.  It  ii  comrtosod  of  wooden  houses  surrounded 
by  giirdonr,  inhnbitod  and  cultivated  by  Christian  Indians. 
It  ii  the  centre  of  a  Wesloyan  mission. 

Itoss'wnVf  A  post-settleinont  in  Digby  oo.,  XovaSootia, 
on  Digby  Noolc,  9  uiilee  from  Digby.     Pop.  lUU. 

Ilosswcin,  rosa'i^In,  a  town  of  Saxony,  on  the  Muldo, 
5  miles  W.N.W.  of  Noiwen.  Pop.  C0C8.  It  has  manufao- 
turos  of  woollen  cloth. 

Host)  a  township  of  Jackson  oo.,  Minn.    Pop.  104. 

Ilostnk,  ros't&k',  an  inland  town  of  South  Arabia,  do- 
minion and  63  miles  W.S.W.  of  Muscat. 

Kostcrschiltz,  the  Gorman  name  of  TTladislawow. 

Ko9'tOck,acity  ofUormany,  in  Mccklonburg-Schworin, 
on  the  Warnow,  9  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Baltic,  and 
at  the  termination  of  a  branch  railway,  44  miles  N.£.  of 
Schwerin.  Lat.  64»  5'  N. ;  Ion.  10°  14'  E.  Pop.  39,374. 
It  consists  of  an  old,  a  middle,  and  a  now  town,  with  sev- 
eral suburbs.  The  principal  oditicos  are  a  palace  of  the 
grand  duke,  numerous  churches,  several  hospitals,  a  town 
hall,  and  a  theatre.  It  has  a  university  founded  in  1410, 
with  a  library,  theological  and  other  schools,  an  anatomical 
theatre,  laboratory,  botanic  garden,  and  various  scientific 
collections.  Here  are  also  a  society  of  natural  history  and 
other  associations,  and  a  commercial  institute.  It  has  nu- 
merous manufactories  of  woollen  cloth,  soap,  and  chiccory, 
with  extensive  breweries,  distilleries,  vinegar-,  color-,  and 
chemical-factories,  and  sugar-refineries.  Its  trade  is  ex- 
tensive ;  the  exports  consist  principally  of  superior  red 
wheat,  barley,  pease,  rape-seed,  oats,  wool,  rags,  oil-cake, 
rape  oil,  bones,  flax,  horses,  cattle,  and  provisions;  the 
imports  comprise  colonial  produce,  wines,  and  manufactured 
goods.  The  depth  of  water  in  the  river  is  from  8  to  9  feet, 
and  vessels  above  that  draught  load  and  unload  at  Warno- 
raiinde,  its  outport.  Kostock  is  mentioned  in  history  as 
early  as  1151,  and  was  long  one  of  the  Uanso  Towns. 

Ros'tok)  a  village  of  Pohemia,  4  miles  from  Starkcn- 
bach.     Pop.  1050. 

Rostov,  or  Rostow,  ros-tov',  written  also  Rostoff) 
or  Dinitria-Ro$tof8kagO,d'mo'tre-4-ros-tofs-ki'go,  a 
town  of  Iliissia,  government  and  225  miles  E.S.E.  of  Yeka- 
torinoolav,  on  the  Moscow-Caucasus  Railway,  and  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Don,  22  miles  above  its  mouth  in  the 
Sea  of  Azof.  Pop.  76,576.  It  is  well  built,  and  defended 
by  a  strong  fortress.  It  has  depots  of  provisions  for  the 
army,  and  is  a  principal  entrepdt  for  the  trade  of  the  vast 
countries  traversed  by  the  Don.   It  has  a  large  annual  fair. 

Rostov,  Rostow,  or  Rostolf,  a  town  of  Ilussia, 
government  and  37  miles  S.S.W.  of  Yaroslav,  on  Lako 
Nero.  Pop.  9683.  It  is  enclosed  by  earthen  romparts,  and 
is  the  see  of  a  Greek  archbishop.  The  principal  edifices  are 
an  ancient  cathedral,  several  convents,  episcopal  palaces, 
and  a  seminary.  It  has  manufactures  of  linens,  vitriol, 
and  colors,  and  an  active  commerce.  Its  annual  fair  is  often 
freauented  by  about  45,000  persons.     See  also  Neuo. 

Rostra'vcr,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  in  llostraver  town- 
■hip,  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  about  28  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pitts- 
burg. The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Youghio- 
gheny  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Monongahela.  It 
contains  a  small  village  named  Webster,  and  has  7  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  3895. 

Kostreiien,  rosHr^h-n&N"',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Cates-du-Nord,  25  miles  S.S.W.  of  Guingamp.     Pop.  1626. 

Rostrevor,  or  Rosstrevor,  ros-tree'vgr,  a  town  of 
Ireland,  co.  of  Down,  on  the  N.  side  of  Carlingford  Bay,  8 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Newry  by  railway.     Pop.  627. 

Roswell,  roz'well,  a  post-village  of  Cobb  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Chattahoochee  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Vickcry's  Creek, 
13  miles  N.E.  of  Marietta,  and  about  22  miles  N.  of  At- 
lanta. It  has  3  or  4  churches,  a  high  school,  a  cotton-fac- 
tory, and  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  in  18'JO,  1138. 

Roswell,  a  post-office  of  Chaves  co..  New  Mexico. 

Rota,  ro'ti,  an  island  of  the  Pacific.  Lat.  14°  9'  N. ; 
Ion.  145°  18'  E.     It  is  12  miles  long  and  5J  miles  broad. 

Rota,  ro'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  6  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Cadiz.    Pop.  6972.   It  has  a  castle  and  a  harbor. 

Rotello,  ro-t5rio,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Campo- 
basso,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Larino.     Pop.  2290. 

Rotcnbnrg,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Rothekburg. 

Rotenburg,  ro't^n-bSonc^  a  town  of  Prussia, province 
and  62  miles  N.N.W.  of  Hanover.     Pop.  1770. 

Rotcrodamum,  the  Latin  name  of  Rotterdam. 

Roth,  rot,  a  river  of  Wiirtemberg,  joins  the  Danube  on 
the  right,  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ulm.     Length,  38  miles. 

Roth,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Rednitz,  15  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Nuremberg.  Pop.  2604.  It  has  a  castle,  a  high 
school,  and  manufactures  of  cutlery,  gold  and  silver  lace, 
and  glass. 


Ro'tha,  or  Ro'thay,  a  small  stream  of  England,  in 
Westmoreland,  a  tributary  of  Windermere,  near  Ambleside. 

Rtttha,  ro't&,  a  town  of  Saxony,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Leipsic,  on  the  Pleisse.     Pop.  2029. 

Rothalbcn,  a  village  of  Bavaria.    See  Rodaldek. 

Rothbiiry,  roth'b^r-e,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Northumberland,  on  the  Coquet,  and  on  a  railway,  11  milci 
W.S.W.  of  Alnwick.     Pop.  1074. 

Roth-Do bruwitz,  Bohemia.    See  Dobrawitt;. 

Rothcnburg,ro't9n-b6uKa\a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
54  miles  W.  of  Licgnitz,  on  the  Neisse.     Pop.  1225. 

Rothcnburg,  ro't^n-burg  or  ro't^n-boOuo',  or  Ro* 
tcnburg,  ro'lvn-bOonoS  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  ilcsse-Nas- 
sau,  on  tbe  Fulda,  24  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cassel.     Pop.  3229. 

Rothenburg,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  23  uilet 
N.N.W.  of  Merseburg.     Pop.  1225. 

Rothenburg,  ro't^nboORO^  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  3  miles  N.W.  of  Lucerne.     Pop.  1312. 

Rotheiiburg-aii-der-Tauber,  ro't^n-bOono'-iln- 
dfiB-tow'b^r,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Tnuber,  31  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Wiirzburg.  Pop.  6241.  It  has  a  liigh  school,  and 
manufactures  of  woollen  cloth. 

Rotheiifels,  ro't§n-f61s\  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the 
Murg,  6  miles  E.S.E.  of  Rastadt.     Pop.  1509. 

Rotheiifels,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Lower  Franconia, 
17  miles  W.N.W.  of  Wiirzburg.     Pop.  908. 

Rothenmann,  a  town  of  Styria.     See  Rottenmann. 

Rotheiithurm,  ro't^n-toonm^  (i.e.,  "red  tower"),  a 
pass  of  Europe,  between  Transylvania  and  Roumuni.a,  17 
miles  S.S.E.  of  llermannstadt. 

Rother,  rora'^r,  a  small  river  of  England,  in  Sussex, 
enters  the  English  Channel  at  Rye. 

Rother,  a  rivulet  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  enters  the 
Thames  at  Rotherhithe. 

Rotherham,  roTH'er-%m,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Y'ork,  West  Riding,  on  the  Don,  6  miles  N.E.  of  SheOield, 
at  a  railway  junction.  It  has  various  churches,  many 
chapels,  a  court-house,  a  market-house,  a  public  library,  a 
college  of  the  Independents,  a  literary  institution,  a  gram- 
mar-school, almshouses,  a  workhouse,  and  on  its  old  bridge 
is  an  ancient  chapel,  now  used  for  a  prison.  Rotherham 
has  manufactures  of  all  kinds  of  iron  goods,  including 
cannons,  machinery,  and  bridge-work,  also  of  starch,  rope, 
twine,  glass,  and  soap,  large  breweries,  and  flax-mills ;  its 
industry  and  trade  being  facilitated  by  abundant  supplies 
of  coal  in  the  vicinity,  and  by  the  navigation  of  the  Don. 
Pop.  (ISOn  42,050. 

Rotherhithe,  roTH'§r-hiTH,  often  pronounced  and 
written  Red'rilf,  a  parish  of  England,  a  S.E.  suburb  of 
the  metropolis,  co.  of  Surrey,  on  the  Thames,  2i  miles  S.E. 
of  St.  Paul's,  London.  It  consists  mostly  of  inferior  streets, 
and  of  dock-yards  for  ship-building,  <tc.,  in  which,  and  in 
ship-chandlery,  its  population  is  chiefly  employed.  Here 
is  the  S.  entrance  to  the  Thames  Tunnel.     Pop.  36,024. 

Roth'erwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hawkins  co.,  Tonn., 
on  the  Holston  River,  1  mile  from  Kingsport,  and  26  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Rogersville.  It  has  a  woollen -factory  and  a 
fiour-mill. 

Rothes,  roth'^s,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  9  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Elgin.     Near  here  is  Rothes  Ciistle.     Pop.  1319. 

Rothesay,  roth'si,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  capital  of  the 
CO.  of  Bute,  at  the  head  of  a  beautiful  bay  on  the  E.  side 
of  the  island,  30  miles  W.  of  Glasgow.  It  is  much  resorted 
to  by  invalids.  Tbe  principal  public  edifices  are  2  churches 
and  numerous  chapels,  a  ruined  castle  of  the  eleventh  cen- 
tury, excellent  schools,  county  and  town  halls,  and  custom- 
and  excise-offices.  It  has  public  libraries  and  reading- 
rooms,  banks,  insurance  companies,  large  cotton-mills,  some 
ship-building  docks,  and  important  herring-,  salmon-,  had- 
dock-, whiting-,  and  sole-fisheries.     Pop.  (1891)  9034. 

Rothes  Mecr,  the  German  name  of  the  Rkd  Sea. 

Rothhaar  •  Gebirge,  rot'hAr-ghQh-been'gh§h,  a 
mountain-range  in  the  E.  part  of  the  Rhenish  Province, 
Prussia,  stretches  nearly  45  miles,  from  S.W.  to  N.E. 

Rothmiihle,  rot'milM^h,  a  village  partly  in  Bohemia 
and  partly  in  Moravia,  near  Policzka.     Pop.  3267. 

Roth'say,  or  Maryborough,  a  post-village  in  Wel- 
lington CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  river  Conestogo,  18  miles  N.W. 
of  Elora.  It  contains  3  churches,  a  woollen-factory,  a  saw- 
and  grist-mill,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  250. 

Rothsay,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  New  Brunswick, 
on  the  Kennebaccasis  River,  and  on  the  Intercolonial  Rail- 
way, 9  miles  N.  of  St.  John.    Pop.  150. 

RothsvilIe,rots'vII,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  CO.,  Pa., 
about  10  miles  N.  of  Lancaster,  and  1  mile  S.  of  Rothville 
Station  of  the  Reading  &  Columbia  Railroad.  It  has  a 
ooaoh-shop,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  cigar-factory. 


y 


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5313 


ROTJ 


IL 


Roth'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chariton  co.,  Mo.,  10 
miles  S.  of  Brookfield.     It  has  1  or  2  churches. 

Uothville,  a  station  in  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Read- 
ing &  Columbia  Railroad,  21  miles  N.E.  of  Columbia. 

Rothwasser,  rot'^^is's^r.  a  village  of  Moravia,  35 
miles  N.W.  of  Olinutz.     Pop.  2990. 

Rothwasser,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  10  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Landskron.     Pop.  3339. 

Rotomagiis,  an  ancient  name  of  Rouev. 

Rotonda,  ro-ton'di,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basilicata,  19 
miles  S.E.  of  Lagonegro.     Pop.  28fil. 

Rotondella,  ro-ton-dSl'la,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basi- 
licata, adjacent  to  the  above.     Pop.  3883. 

Rotschensalni,  rot'sh^n-silm',  a  fort  and  naval  sta- 
tion of  Russia,  N.  side  of  the  Gulf  of  Finland,  12  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Frederickshamn,  on  one  of  the  small  islands 
which  stud  the  mouth  of  the  Kymmene. 

Rutsclacr,  rot's§h-li\.r',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Bra- 
bant, on  the  Dyle,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  2100. 

Rottee,  Rotti,  Rottc,  rot'tee,  or  Rot'to,  an  island 
of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  otf  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Timor. 
Lat.  10°  40'  S.;  Ion.  123°  E.  Length,  50  miles;  breadth, 
20  miles.  The  Dutch  have  an  establishment  on  the  island, 
at  the  N.E.  end  of  which  is  the  village  of  Rangong.  Some 
geographers  regard  this  as  the  southernmost  island  of  Asia. 

Rottenburg,  rot't^n-booBO^,  a  town  of  WUrtemberg, 
on  the  Noekar,  12  miles  W.  of  Reutlingen.  Pop.  6155.  It 
is  the  see  of  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop,  and  has  manufactures 
of  leather  and  paper. 

Rot'tcnmann^  or  Rothenmann,  ro't^n-m&nn^  a 
town  of  Styria,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Enns,  20  miles  N.W. 
of  Judenburg.     Pop.  1581. 

Rotterdam,  rot't?r-dim^  (Dutch  pron.  rotH?r-dlm'; 
L.  Iloteroda'mum),  a  city  of  the  Netherlands,  in  South  Hol- 
land, at  the  confluence  of  the  Rotte  with  the  Maas,  and  at 
a  railway  junction,  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Amsterdam,  Lat. 
81°  55'  3"  N.;  Ion.  4°  29'  5"  E.  Pop.  in  1890,  209,136. . 
It  is  built  in  the  form  of  an  isosceles  triangle,  tne  haso  and 
longest  side  of  which  is  next  the  river.  The  city  has  as 
many  canals  as  streets,  across  which  communication  is 
maintained  by  innumerable  drawbridges.  It  is  also  trav- 
ersed by  the  Rotte,  a  small  stream,  at  the  junction  of 
which  with  the  Maas  there  is  a  large  dike  or  dam,  whence 
the  name.  The  river  opposite  the  town  is  from  30  to  40 
feet  deep,  and  bordering  it  is  a  fine  quay.  Many  of  the 
houses  are  quaint  gabled  edifices,  overhanging  their  founda- 
tions.    The  principal  buildings  are  along  the  chief  canals. 

The  city  has  several  market-places,  a  town  hall,  court- 
house, house  of  correction,  the  exchange,  the  old  East  India 
House,  the  government  dock-yards,  arsenal,  rope-walks,  Jto. 
The  Grootekerk  ("Great  Church"),  or  church  of  St.  Lau- 
rens, founded  in  1414  and  finished  in  1472,  contains  mon- 
uments to  De  Witt,  Kortenaar,  and  De  Brakel,  and  has  one 
of  the  finest  organs  in  the  world,  having  90  stops  and  6500 
pipes.  The  benevolent  institutions  include  a  hospital  for 
aged  women  and  another  for  old  men,  2  orphan  hospitals, 
and  a  general  hospital.  It  is  the  seat  of  tho  central  prison 
of  the  Netherlands,  has  an  exchange  with  a  library  and  a 
collection  of  philosophical  instruments,  a  Latin  school 
called  the  Erasmus  Gymnasium,  schools  of  medicine  and 
navigation,  societies  of  the  fine  arts,  of  science,  of  litera- 
ture, and  of  music. 

Rotterdam  is  more  favorably  situated  for  trade  than  Am- 
sterdam ;  its  canals  admit  the  largest  vessels ;  a  ship-canal 
has  been  cut  through  the  Hook  of  Holland,  and  it  commu- 
nicates by  canals  and  railways  with  every  part  of  the  king- 
dom. Since  1830  its  commerce  has  increased  more  rapidly 
than  that  of  any  other  town  in  the  Netherlands.  It  sends 
to  tho  Dutch  Eastern  possessions,  and  to  the  West  Indies, 
provisions,  spirits,  wines,  mineral  waters,  and  manufactured 
goods,  in  return  for  cofiee,  sugar,  spices,  cotton,  dye-woods, 
<tc.  To  England  and  Scotland,  with  which  it  carries  on  an 
e.xtcnsive  and  lucrative  trade,  it  sends  cheese,  butter,  flax, 
madder,  seeds,  fruits,  ducks,  and  large  numbers  of  sheep 
and  cattle.  With  America  and  Avith  France,  Spain,  Portu- 
gal, and  the  northern  states  of  Europe,  it  has  also  a  con- 
siderable trade.  Along  the  Rhine  it  sends  to  Germany  and 
Switzerland  sugar,  coffee,  cotton,  dye-woods,  indigo,  spices, 
Dutch  tobacco,  rsipo-seed,  madder,  butter,  cheese,  fish,  <tc., 
in  return  for  wheat,  rye,  Moselle  and  Rhine  wine,  pipe- 
clay, pottery-ware,  chemical  stuflTs,  <fcc. 

Besides  its  extensive  commerce,  Rotterdam  has  many  dis- 
tilleries, breweries,  vinegar-works,  tan-works,  candle-works, 
dye-works,  sugar-refineries,  bleach-fields,  corn-,  oil-,  trass-, 
snulf-,  and  saw-mills,  and  ship-building  yards.  It  has 
likewise  steam  communication  with  London,  Leith,  Hull, 
Yarmouth,  Dunkirk,  Havre,  Antwerp,  <fco. 

146 


Rotterdam  is  the  birthplace  of  the  celebrated  Erasmus, 
and  of  the  naval  hero  Cornells  Van  Tromp. 

Rot'terdam,  a  post-office  of  Osborne  co.,  Kansas. 

Rotterdam,  a  township  of  Schenectady  co.,  N.Y. 
Pop.  2355. 

Rotterdam  Island,  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Annamooko. 

Rotti,  or  Rotto,  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Rottee. 

Rott'nest  (Rat-Nest)  Island,  West  Australia,  co. 
of  Perth,  is  opposite  the  mouth  of  Swan  River.  Lat.  31* 
57'  S.;  Ion.  115°  25'  E.     Length,  10  miles. 

Rottum,  rot'tiim,or  Rottumeroog,  rot'tiim-^h-rog^ 
an  island  of  the  Netherlands,  province  of  Qroningcn,  in 
the  North  Sea,  4  miles  S.AV.  of  Borkum. 

Rottnm,  a  river  of  WUrtemberg,  joins  the  Danube,  on 
the  right,  about  7  miles  above  Ulm.     Length,  32  miles. 

Rottweil,  rot'^II,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on  a  height 
beside  the  Neckar,  14  miles  S.  of  Sulz.  Pop.  4596.  It  is 
enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  a  gymnasium,  a  hospital,  an 
exchange,  schools,  and  a  considerable  trade. 

Rotuma,  Rotumah,  ro-too'm<\,  Rotuam,  ro-too'- 
9,ra,  or  Gren'ville  Island,  an  island  of  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
N.W.  of  tho  Friendly  Islands.  Lat.  12°  30'  S. ;  Ion.  177° 
30'  E.     Circumference,  18  miles.     Pop.  2680. 

Rotz,  rcits,  Retz,  rfits,  or  Retza,  rSt'zi,  a  town  of 
Austria,  on  the  Thaya,  43  miles  N.N.W.  of  Vienna.    P.  1206. 

Rotz,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Schwarzach,  30  miles 
N.E.  of  Ratisbon.     Pop.  1182. 

Roubaix,  roo'bi',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Nord,  on  the  Canal  of  Roubai.x,  and  on  the  Northern  Rail- 
way, 6  miles  N.  of  Lille.  Pop.  114,917.  It  has  a  chamber 
of  manufactures,  and  is  one  of  the  most  industrious  and 
thriving  towns  in  France.  It  is  abundantly  supplied  with 
water  by  artesian  wells.  Its  manufactures  comprise  wool- 
len and  cotton  fabrics,  velvets,  barSges,  cloaks,  mohair,  fur- 
niture, cloth,  carpets,  and  twist.  Roubaix  has  also  many 
dye-works,  tanneries,  distilleries,  and  machine-shops.  Its 
workpeople  are  in  better  circumstances  than  those  of  most 
other  manufacturing  towns  in  the  country. 

Roubidoux,  roo^be-doo',  a  post-office  of  Texas  co..  Mo., 
in  Upton  township. 

Roubidoux,  or  Robideaux,  a  township  of  Texas 
CO.,  Mo.,  about  44  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rolla.     Pop.  617. 

Roubidoux  (Robideaux,  or  Robidoux)  Creek, 
Missouri,  rises  in  Texas  co.,  runs  northward,  and  enters  tho 
Gasconade  River  in  Pulaski  co.,  1  mile  below  Waynesville. 

Roubion,roo'be-6N«',  a  small  river  of  France,  in  Drome, 
flows  W.,  and  joins  the  Rhone  at  Montelimar. 

Roudbar,  a  village  of  Persia.     See  RoonBAn. 

Rouen,  roo'en  (Fr.  pron.  rwS,x;  anc.  liatom'arjHa  or 
Jiotom'agiia),  a  city  of  France,  capital  of  the  department 
of  Seino-Inf6rioure,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Seine,  84 
miles  N.W,  of  Paris,  and  56  miles  E.S.E.  of  Havre,  with 
which  it  is  connected  by  railway.  Lat.  49°  26'  N.;  Ion. 
1°  6' E.  Pop.  in  1891,  112,352.  It  stands  on  a  gentle  ac- 
clivity fiicing  the  S.,  and  is  built  in  the  shape  of  an  irregu- 
lar oval,  the  contour  of  which  is  marked  out  by  tho  site  of 
the  old  ramparts,  which  have  been  levelled  down  and  con- 
verted into  finely-planted  boulevards.  In  addition  to  thd 
town  proper  there  are  several  suburbs,  of  which  that  of  St. 
Sever,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  river,  is  the  most  extensive. 
Viewed  from  the  adjoining  heights,  no  provincial  town  in 
France  presents  a  more  magnificent  and  venerable  aspect. 

Among  the  public  edifices  the  first  place  is  due  to  tho 
cathedral,  a  vast  and  imposing  structure,  with  its  front 
flanked  by  two  lofty  towers,  and  almost  covered  with  images 
and  sculptures.  Its  interior  is  435  feet  long,  104  feet  broad, 
and  89J  feet  high.  The  choir  has  on  its  pavement  small 
lozenge-shaped  tablets  of  marble,  marking  the  spots  where 
the  heart  of  Richard  Coeur-do-Lion  and  tho  bodies  of  his 
brother  Henry  and  his  uncle  Geofl"roy  Plantagenet  were 
interred.  The  other  principal  edifices  are  the  archbishop's 
palace,  adjoining  the  cathedral,  the  abbey  of  St.  Ouen,  with 
a  church,  the  church  of  St.  Maclou,  the  hOtel-de-ville,  con- 
taining, in  addition  to  the  municipal  buildings,  a  public 
library  and  a  picture-gallery,  the  Palais  de  Justice,  tho 
museum,  and  the  Halles,  a  vast  edifice  containing  a  series 
of  halls,  in  which  the  principal  manufactures  of  the  town 
are  weekly  exposed  for  sale.  In  the  Place  de  la  Pucelle  is 
a  monument  erected  to  the  Maid  of  Orleans,  on  the  spot 
where  the  heroine  was  committed  to  the  flames. 

The  staple  manufactures  are  cottons,  in  a  great  variety 
of  forms,  produced  to  such  an  extent  as  to  make  Rouen  the 
Manchester  of  France.  It  is  also  famous  for  its  confec- 
tionery. The  other  principal  articles  are  broadcloth, 
combs,  fine  liqueurs,  chemical  products,  &c.  There  are  also 
tanneries,  sugar-refineries,  copper-  and  iron-foundries, 
forges,  and  rolling-mills.     The  situation  of  the  town  on  the 


«ar 


2ai4 


ROU 


Milwaj  from  Paris  to  Havre,  and  on  an  hnporUnt  naviga- 
ble rivor,  acoossible  by  large  vosseU,  u  very  favomble  for 
trade.  The  prinoi)>al  article*  are  grain,  Uuur,  wine,  brandy, 
ptU,  provision!,  oil,  wool,  nnd  the  various  articles  of  its 
manufacture,  particularly  a  spccios  of  striped  and  chocked 
ootton  goods  called  roueunerie*. 

Kouen  is  the  see  of  an  arohbishop,  the  scat  of  oourts  of 
primary  jurisdiction  and  commerce,  and  of  a  court  of  appeal 
far  the  departments  of  Seino-Inr6rieure  nnd  Eure,  It  has 
»  chamber  of  commerce  and  exchange,  cotneil  de  priid'- 
ftommet,  mint,  Ij/eie  or  college,  diocesan  seminary,  school 
of  hydrography,  academy  of  science  and  art,  a  school  of 
painting,  sculpture,  and  architecture,  a  botanic  garden,  a 

Eublio  library  of  120,000  volumes,  a  theatre,  and  a  custom- 
ouse.  It  is  a  place  of  groat  antiquity,  and  existed  before 
the  conquest  of  Gaul  by  the  Ilomans,  under  whom  it  took 
the  name  of  liotomagut.  In  the  ninth  century  it  was  pil- 
laged by  the  Normans,  who  made  it  their  capital.  After 
the  Norman  conquest  it  long  continued  in  the  possession  of 
the  English,  who  Anally  lost  it  in  1419,  18  years  after  their 
Inhuman  sacrifice  of  Joan  of  Arc.  Corncille,  FontencUo, 
and  other  eminent  men  were  born  here, 

Ilouergue,  roo-aiitg'  or  rwdiig,  an  ancient  district  of 
France,  in  the  E.  part  of  the  province  of  Ouienne.  It  was 
divided  into  Uautc-Marcho,  Bosse-Marche,  and  Comt6. 
Bodoz  was  its  capital.  It  is  now  included  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Aveyron. 

Routfach,  a  town  of  Alsace.    ScoRufach. 

]lou{;6,  roo'zhi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire-Inf6rieuro, 
f  miles  N.W.  of  Chitoaubriant.     Pop.  258. 
t  Rouge  BayoU}  roozh  bi'oo,  Louisiana,  drains  part  of 
Avoyelles  parish,  and  joins  the  Atchafulaya  in  St.  Lan- 
dry parish. 

Rouge  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  oo 
Lake  Ontario,  17  miles  E.  of  Toronto.     Pop.  100. 

Rougeniont,  roozh^m6N<>',  or  Retchmund,  rStoV- 
jaiiK"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Doubs,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Be- 
eancon.     Pop.  1334. 

llougemont,  roozh^m&>'<>',  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  of  Vaud,  on  the  Saane,  28  miles  E.  of  Lausanne. 

Rougemont,  roozh^m^N"',  a  post-village  in  liouville 
CO.,  Quebec,  11  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Chambly  Basin.  Pop.  500. 

Rouge  (roozh)  River,  Michigan,  rises  in  Newaygo  co., 
runs  southward  into  Kent  co.,  and  enters  Grand  River  about 
10  miles  above  Grand  Rapids. 

Rouge  River,  Michigan,  is  formed  by  3  branches 
which  rise  in  Oakland  and  Washtenaw  cos.  and  unite  at 
Dearborn,  Wayne  co.  It  runs  eastward,  and  enters  Detroit 
River  5  miles  below  the  city  of  Detroit. 

Rough  and  Ready,  a  station  in  Lee  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Western  Railroad  of  Alabama,  at  the  junction  of  the  East 
Alabama  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Opclika. 

Rough  and  Ready,  a  post-village  of  Nevada  co., 
Cal.,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Grass  Valley,  and  about  25  miles  E. 
by  N.  of  Maryavillo.  It  has  a  quartz-mill  for  gold,  which 
is  found  here. 

Rough  and  Ready,  a  village  of  Anderson  co.,  Ky.,  9 
miles  S.  of  Frankfort.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  and 
manufactures  of  carriages,  cigars,  &c.     Pop.  160. 

Rough  and  Ready,  a  station  in  Huntingdon  oo., 
Pa.,  on  the  Huntingdon  &  Broad  Top  Railroad,  17  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Huntingdon. 

Rough  and  Ready,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuylkill  co.. 
Pa.,  about  22  miles  S.  of  Danville. 

Rough  and  Ready  Mills, apost-hamletof  Henry  co., 
Va.,  40  miles  N.W.  of  Danville.     It  has  a  tobacco-factory. 

Rough  Creek,  Kentucky,  drains  part  of  Grayson  and 
Hardin  cos.,  runs  westward  and  southwestward  through 
Ohio  CO.,  and  enters  Green  River  about  9  miles  above  Cal- 
houn.    It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Rough  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Charlotte  co.,  Va.,  9 
miles  N.W.  of  Sraithville,  and  about  28  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Lynchburg.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  3  stores. 
Pop.  about  100. 

Rough  Creek  Springs,  a  summer  resort  of  Hardin 
CO.,  Ky.,  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Big  Clifty.  Here  is  a  mineral 
spring  with  a  hotel  surrounded  by  picturesque  scenery. 

Roiijan,  roo*zh6ji'»',  a  town  of  France,  in  H6rault,  13 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Beziers.     Pop.  1875. 

Rouk,  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Hogolek  Islands. 

Roulers,  rooMi'  (Flemish,  Botuielaer,  rSws's^h-lln'),  a 
town  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flanders,  on  an  affluent  of  the 
Lys,  at  a  railway  junction,  13  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Cour- 
trai.  Pop.  11,500.  It  has  a  gymnasium,  and  manufac- 
tures of  linens. 

Roulet,  or  Roulette,  roo-15t',  a  post-township  of 
Potter  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Alleghany  River,  7  miles  E.S.E.  of 


Port  Alleghany.  It  has  manufactures  of  bricks  and  lum- 
ber.    Pop.  526. 

Roum,  a  vilayet  of  Asiatic  Turkey.     See  Skkvab. 

Roumanin,  roo-mii'ne-^,  a  kingdom  of  S.  Europe, 
comprising  the  former  principalities  of  Moldavia  and  Wal- 
lachm,  with  the  Dobrudja.  Ruumania  ])ropcr  is  bounded  E. 
and  N.  by  the  Pruth,  separating  it  from  Russia ;  S.  by  the 
Danube,  separating  it  from  Bulgaria;  W.  and  N.W.  by  Ibt 
Carpathian  Mountains,  which  separate  it  from  the  Austrian 
empire.  (See  also  Dobriidja.)  Area,  49,262  square  milts. 
Total  pop.  5,370,000.  Mulduvia  is  230  miles  in  length  N. 
to  S„  and  85  miles  in  breadth.  Surface  mountainous  in 
the  W.,  where  it  is  traversed  by  the  Carpathians  and  their 
branches ;  level  towards  the  E.  Chief  rivers,  the  Pruth, 
Sereth,  Birbul,  and  Bistritz,  all  flowing  S.  It  is  covered 
with  forests  nnd  pasture-lands,  in  which  vast  numbers  of 
horses  and  cattle  are  reared.  Soil  fertile  in  grain,  fruit, 
and  wine.  Climate  variable  and  unhealthy  ;  hot  in  summer, 
excessively  cold  in  winter.  It  has  almost  no  manufactures 
or  practicable  roads.  It  is  divided  into  13  districts,  and 
has  36  towns  and  about  2000  villages.  Chief  town,Ya8yy. 
Wallachia  is  bounded  S.E.,  S.,  and  S.W.  by  the  Danube, 
which  separates  it  from  Bulgaria  nnd  Scrvia,  N.  by  Mol- 
davia and  Austro-Hungary.  Length,  E.  to  W.,  270  miles; 
mean  bre:ulth,  120  mites.  Chief  town,  Bucharest.  Sur,. 
face  mountainous  in  the  N.,  low  and  marshy  in  the  S. 
It  is  well  watered  by  the  Danube  and  its  affluents  the 
Aloota,  Schyl,  Jalomnitza,  nnd  Dimbovetza,  and  generally 
very  fertile.  Climate  extreme;  hot  and  moist  in  summer, 
and  very  cold  in  winter.  Chief  crops,  wheat,  barley,  rye, 
hemp,  and  tobacco.  The  vine  thrives  well.  Forests  are 
extensive,  and  pasturage  excellent.  Cattle  and  sheep  are 
extensively  reared,  nnd  fine  wool  is  exported.  The  inhab- 
itants are  chiefly  Wallachians,  with  a  mixture  of  gypsies, 
Jews,  Armenians,  and  Greeks,  mostly  of  the  Greek  church, 
speaking  a  dialect  of  Latin  origin.  This  country  formed 
part  of  Dacia  in  the  Roman  empire.  It  was  afterwards 
under  the  dominion  of  the  Goths  and  Huns;  it  formed  a 
separate  kingdom  in  1290 ;  in  1479  it  was  conquered  by 
Mohammed  II.;  it  regained  its  independence  for  a  short 
time,  and  afterwards  formed  a  province  of  the  Ottoman 
empire  till  1829.  By  the  treaty  of  Adrianoplo,  in  1830,  it 
was  placed  under  the  protection  of  Russia  and  its  vassalage 
to  Turkey  became  nominal.  Moldavia  was  subjected  to  tlio 
Turkish  empire  in  1529,  but  since  1829  it  has  been  only 
tributary  to  the  Ottoman  Porte.  The  prince  or  hospodar 
was  nominated  for  life  by  the  Sultan  and  the  Emperor  of 
Russia  conjointly.  On  July  2,  1853,  a  Russian  army,  com- 
manded by  Prince  Gortschakoff,  invaded  the  Danubian 
principalities.  In  October  the  hospodars  resigned  their 
government  to  an  extraordinary  council  of  administration. 
November  8  an  ukase  of  the  Emperor  of  Russia  conferred 
the  administration  on  Baron  do  Budberg.  On  July  31, 
1854,  the  Russians  evacuated  Bucharest,  and  in  terms  of 
the  treaty  of  Paris,  in  1850,  the  Moldavians  took  possession 
of  Bolgrad,  Ismail,  and  Reni  in  February,  1857.  Prince 
Charles  of  llohenzollern-Sigmaringen  was  elected  Prince  of 
Roumania  in  1866.  Rouinania  assisted  the  Russians  in 
the  Turkish  war  of  1877-78,  was  declared  an  independent 
monarchy  in  1878,  and  in  the  same  year  received  Dobrudja, 
in  lieu  of  Western  Bessarabia,  reclaimed  by  Russia. 

Roumelia,  roo-mee'le-a,  Rooni'Elec,  or  Rumili, 
room'e-lee\  a  former  province  of  European  Turkey,  com- 
prising the  whole  country  S.  of  the  Balkans  and  E.  of 
Macedonia.  In  1878  a  portion  of  this  territory  was  given 
to  Bulgaria,  and  a  larger  portion  was  formed  into  the  prin- 
cipality of  Eastern  Roumelia,  which  was  in  turn  attached 
to  Bulgaria  in  1885.  Chief  cities,  Constantinople  and 
Adrianyple. 

Roum-Kalah,  Asiatic  Turkey.    See  Room-Kala3. 

Round'away  Uayou  (bi'oo),  of  Louisiana,  traverses 
Madison  parish  a  few  miles  W.  of  the  Mississippi,  with 
which  it  communicates  in  high  water.  It  is  connected  to- 
wards the  S.  with  Bayou  Vidal. 

Round  Bot'tom,  a  post-ofiice  of  Monroe  co.,  0. 

Round  Bottom,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  oo.,  W.  Va., 
10  miles  from  Huntington.     It  has  a  church. 

Round  Glade,  a  post-ofiice  of  Raleigh  co.,  W.  Va. 

Round  Grove,  township,  Livingston  co.,  III.    P.  0-10. 

Round  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Whiteside  co.,  111.,  on 
the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  Ster- 
ling.    It  has  a  church. 

Round  Grove,  post-township.  White  co.,  Ind.   P.  401. 

Round  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Iowa,  about 
20  miles  N.W.  of  Davenport. 

Round  Grove,  a  post-township  of  McLood  co.,  Minn., 
16  miles  S.W.  of  Glencoe.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  242. 


ROU 


^15 


HOV 


Round  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Mo.,  20 
miles  N.E.  of  Sarcoxie.     It  Las  a  ehurch. 

Round  (irovc,  Macon  co.,  Mo.    See  Beverly. 

Round  Grove,  township,  Marion  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1.379. 

Round'hay,  a  township  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West 
Riding,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Leeds.  It  has  a  picturesque  church 
and  almshouses,  and  consists  almost  entirely  of  handsome 
mansions  with  gardens  and  spacious  grounds. 

Round'hcad,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hardin  co.,  0.,  in 
Roundhead  township,  on  the  Scioto  River,  about  22  miles 
S.E.  of  Lima,  and  15  miles  S.W.  of  Kenton.  Pop.  117;  of 
the  township,  759. 

Round  Hill,  a  post-ofBce  of  Dallas  co.,  Aria, 

Round  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfield  co.,  Conn., 
about  45  miles  W.S.W.  of  New  Haven. 

Round  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ind. 

Round  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co.,  Pa.,  about 
14  miles  N.E.  of  Gettysburg.     It  has  a  coach-factory. 

Round  Hill,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Loudoun  co., 
Va.,  at  a  terminus  of  the  Washington  &  Ohio  Railroad,  18 
miles  \V.  of  Leesburg. 

Round  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Annapolis  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  Western  Counties  Railway,  8  miles  E.  of 
Annapolis.     Pop.  200. 

Round  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  St.  John  River,  23  miles  above  St.  John.     P.  100. 

Round  House,  a  post-office  of  Vigo  co.,  Ind. 

Round  Island,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co..  Pa.,  on 
ginnemahoning  Creek,  and  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie 
Railroad,  45  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lock  Haven. 

Round  Knob,  n5b,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co., 
W.  Va.,  about  28  miles  N.W.  of  Charleston. 

Round  Lake,  a  small  lake  uf  Hamilton  co.,  N.Y.,  has 
its  outlet  into  Lake  Pleasant. 

Round  Lake,  a  post-township  of  Jackson  co.,  Minn., 
12  miles  S.E.  of  Worthington.     Pop.  104. 

Round  Lake,  a  post-office  and  watering-place  in  Malta 
township,  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  is  on  a  small  lake,  and  on 
the  Rensselaer  &  Saratoga  Railroad,  13  miles  S.  of  Saratoga 
Springs.     It  has  2  churches.     Camp-meetings  are  held  here. 

Round  Mound,  a  post-office  of  Osborne  co.,  Kansas. 

Round  Mountain,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cherokee  co., 
Ala.,  about  70  miles  S.E.  of  Huntsville.  It  contains  the 
iron-works  of  the  Round  Mountain  Coal  and  Iron  Co, 

Round  3Iountain,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shasta  co.,  Cal., 
about  30  miles  N.E.  of  Redding.     Gold  is  found  here. 

Round  Mountain,  post-office,  Socorro  co..  New  Mex. 

Round  Mountain,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C., 
50  miles  from  Statcsville. 

Round  31ountain,  a  post-village  of  Blanco  co.,  Tex., 
60  miles  W.  of  Austin.     It  has  a  church  and  a  seminary. 

Round  Oak,  a  post-office  of  Jones  co.,  Ga. 

Round  Peak,  a  post-office  of  Surry  co.,  N.C. 

Round  Plains,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk  co.,  Ontario, 
4  miles  N.W.  of  Waterford.     Pop.  150. 

Round  Pond,  a  post-office  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Ala. 

Round  Pond,  a  post-village  in  Bristol  township, 
Lincoln  co..  Me.,  on  a  small  inlet  of  the  sea,  about  22  miles 
E.  of  Bath.  It  has  2  churches,  and  a  manufactory  of  fish 
oil.     Here  is  a  steamboat-landing. 

Round  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  township  of  Jefierson  co., 
Iowa,     Pop.  1047. 

Round  Prairie,  a  post-township  of  Todd  co.,  Minn. 
Pop.  359. 

Round  Prairie,  a  township  of  Callaway  oo.,  Mo. 
Pop.  1211. 

Round  Prairie,  a  post-office  of  Douglas  co.,  Oregon. 

Round  Rock,  a  post-village  of  AVilliamson  co.,  Tex., 
on  or  near  the  International  <fc  Great  Northern  Railroad,  18 
miles  N.  of  Austin.  It  has  a  money-order  post-office,  a  church, 
a  bank,  a  grist-mill,  a  newspaper  office,  <fco. 

Round  Spring,  a  post-offico  of  Mitchell  co.,  Kansas, 
36  miles  N.  of  Ellsworth. 

Round  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Shannon  co..  Mo. 

Round  Stone,  a  post-office  of  Rock  Castle  co.,  Ivy. 

Round  Tim'ber,  a  post-office  of  Baylor  co.,  Tex. 

Round  Top,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Corning,  Cowanesque  <fc  Antrim  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of 
Wellsborough.  It  has  a  church,  a  cheese-factory,  and  2 
saw-mills. 

Round  Top,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilson  co.,  Tenn.,  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Lebanon.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Round  Top,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Tex.,  9 
miles  S.E.  of  Ledbetter,  and  66  miles  E.S.E.  of  Austin.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  steam  saw-mill,  &o. 

Round  Top,  a  station  in  Morgan  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  23  miles  N.W.  of  Martinsburg. 


Round  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Inyo  co.,  Cnl. 

Round  Valley,  township,  Mendocino  co.,  Cal.   P.  444. 

Rounyah,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey.    Sec  Roon'yah. 

Roup,  roop,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Rouphia,  roo-fce'a  (ano.  A(phe'us),  a  river  of  Greece, 
in  the  Morea,  is  formed  by  the  junction  of  the  Carbonaro, 
Ladon,  and  Dogana  Rivers,  drains  Arcadia,  and  enters  the 
Mediterranean  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  Morea,  near  CiH)e 
Katacolo.     Length,  about  100  miles, 

Roure,  roor,  a  village  of  Italy,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Pi- 
nerolo,  on  the  Clusone.     Pop.  of  commune,  3025. 

Rouroutou,  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Oheteroa. 

Rousa,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Roosa. 

Rousay,  roo'si,  one  of  the  Orkney  Islands,  in  Scot- 
land, 6i  miles  S.  of  the  headland  of  Sken,  in  Westray. 
Length,  from  E.  to  W.,  4  miles;  breadth,  3  miles.    Pop.  86V. 

Rouse's  (rowss'iz)  Point,  a  post-office  of  Custer  co., 
Montana. 

Rouse's  Point,  a  post-village  in  Champlain  township, 
Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Lake  Champlain,  at  its  outlet,  24  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Plattsburg,  and  24  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Albans. 
It  is  on  the  Canadian  frontier,  at  the  N.  terminus  of  tho 
New  York  &  Canada  Railroad,  connected  with  Montreal  by 
the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  and  on  the  Ogdcnsburg  &  Lake 
Champlain  Railroad,  which  here  connects  with  the  Vermont 
Central  Railroad.  The  trains  of  this  road  here  cross  the 
lake  on  a  bridge  about  1  mile  long.  The  village  contains  3 
churches,  large  repair-shops  of  the  railroad,  and  manufac- 
tures of  lumber,  tobacco-pipes,  Ac.  Pop.  in  1890,  1856. 
Printing  is  largely  carried  on  here. 

Rouseville,  riJwss'vIl,  a  post-village  in  Cornplanter 
township,  Venango  co..  Pa.,  on  Oil  Creek,  and  on  the  Pitts- 
burg, Titusville  &  Buffalo  Railroad,  3  miles  N.N.E.  of  Oil 
City,  and  14  miles  S.  of  Titusville.  It  has  several  oil-welLt, 
a  money-order  post-office,  5  churches,  and  a  manufactory  of 
boilers  and  engines. 

Rousseau,  roos^so',  a  post-hamlet  in  Marion  co.,  Iowa, 
in  Polk  township,  on  the  Des  Moines  River,  5  miles  N.  of 
Knoxville.     It  has  a  church. 

Rousselaer,  a  town  of  Belgium.    See  Roulers. 

Rousses,  Les,  a  village  of  France.     See  Les  Rousses. 

Roussillon,  roo^scery6x»'  or  roo'see'y6N>'',  an  old  prov- 
ince of  France,  separated  from  Spain  by  the  Pyrenees,  and 
nearly  identical  with  the  modern  department  of  Pyren6e* 
Orientalcs.     Perpignan  was  its  capital. 

Roussillon,  a  town  of  France,  in  Isdre,  11  miles  S.  of 
Vienne.     Pop.  1528. 

Roustchouk,  a  city  of  Bulgaria.    See  RoosTcnooK. 

Routier  (roo-teer')  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sacra* 
mento  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  American  River,  and  on  the  Sacra- 
mento Valley  Railroad,  Hi  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sacramento.    ' 

Routt,  rowt,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Colorado^ 
borders  on  Wyoming.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Yarapali 
and  Green  Rivers.    Capital,  Hahn's  Peak.    P.  (1890)  23t)9. 

Ronville,  roo^veel',  a  county  of  Quebec,  bordering  on 
the  Richelieu  River.  Area,  238  square  miles.  Capital, 
Sainte  Marie  do  Monnoir.     Pop.  17,634. 

Roux,  roo,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  2  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Charleroi.     Pop.  of  commune,  4500. 

Rouy,  roo-ee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nievre,  17  miles 
E.  of  Nevers.     Pop.  1554. 

Rovato,  ro-va'to,  a  town  of  Lombardy,  11  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Brescia.     Pop.  4345. 

Rovcgno,  ro-vdn'yo,  a  town  of  Italy,  15  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Bobbio,  on  tho  Trebbia.     Pop.  2017. 

Rovcllasca,  ro-v6l-lis'ki,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy, 
province  and  9  miles  S.  of  Como.     Pop.  1908. 

Ro'vcr,  a  post-office  of  Yell  co.,  Ark. 

Rover,  a  ]iost-hamlet  of  Bedford  co.,  Tenn.,  11  milos 
W.  of  Fosterville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Roverbella,  ro-vSii-bdl'lA,,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Lom- 
bardy, 8  miles  N.  of  Mantua.     Pop.  4083. 

Roverchiara,  ro-v5R-ke-S.'r&,  a  town  of  Italy,  16  miles 
S.E.  of  Verona,  on  the  Adige.     Pop.  3203. 

Uoveredo,  ro-vA-ri'do,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton of  Grisons,  5  miles  E.N. E.  of  Beilinzona.     Pop.  1171. 

Roveredo,  ro-vi-rA'do  (Ger.  Kovereith,  ro'v^h-rit'),  a 
town  of  Austria,  in  Tyrol,  on  the  Lens,  near  its  junction 
with  the  Adige,  13  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Trent.  Pop.  9063. 
Tt  is  commanded  by  a  strong  castle,  and  has  a  gymnasium, 
a  seminary  with  a  public  library,  silk-mills,  and  manu- 
factures of  leather  and  tobacco. 

Rovescala,  ro-vfis-ki'li,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
of  Pavia.     Pop.  of  commune,  2102. 

Rovezzano,  ro-vfit-ti'no  (L.  liovetianum),  a  communtf 
of  Italy,  about  3  miles  E.  of  Florence.     Pop.  6583.         i 


ROV 


2316 


BOX 


RovignOy  ro-veen'yo,  or  Treviirno,  tri-vcon'yo,  a 
•eaport  town  of  Austria,  on  tbo  W.  ooiut  of  Istria,  S9  milua 
S.S.W.  of  Triest.  It  is  situated  on  a  rooky  promontory  on 
the  Adriatic,  and  has  2  harbors,  sbip-buildinjf  yards,  manu- 
factures of  sail-cloth,  an  oxtonsivo  tunny-flshery,  and  trade 
JD  wine  and  olircs.  It  has  a  cathedral,  a  normal  school, 
And  2  hospitals.     Pop.  9564. 

lloTlgO)  ro-voe'f;o,  a  town  of  Ital}',  capital  of  the  prov- 
ince of  Kovigo,  on  the  Adigotto,  .^8  luilcs  S.W,  of  Venice. 
I'op.  7462.  Its  walls  are  pierced  by  6  gatownys,  and  it 
has  a  castle,  numerous  churches,  convents,  and  charitable 
institutions,  2  thetUres,  and  an  academy  of  arts.  It  is  the 
residence  of  the  Bishop  of  Adria.  Under  Napoleon  it  gave 
the  title  of  duke  to  General  Savary. 

KovigO)  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Venetia,  traversed  by 
the  Adige,  and  bounded  S.  by  the  Po.  Area,  052  square 
miles.  It  is  fertile,  producing  silk,  grain,  wine,  and  wool. 
Canital,  Rovigo.     Pop.  200,835. 

llovno,  a  town  of  Russia.    Sec  Rowyo. 

Rowan,  ro-4n',  a  county  in  the  N.B.  part  of  Kentucky, 
has  an  area  of  about  320  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.W.  by  the  Licking  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by 
Triplett  Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it 
is  covered  with  forests.  Indian  corn,  grass,  and  live-stock 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  a 
branch  of  the  Chesapeake  <t  Ohio  Railroad.  Capital,  More- 
Lead.     Pop.  in  1870,  2991;  in  18S0,  4120;  in  1890,  6129. 

Rowaii)  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  North  Caro- 
lina, has  an  area  of  about  458  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.E,  by  the  Yadkin  and  South  Yadkin  Rivcr.'>,  and 
is  partly  drained  by  Crane  Creek  and  other  small  streams. 
The  greater  part  of  the  surface  is  hilly,  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  hickory,  oak,  and  other 
treei.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Granite  underlies  part 
of  this  county,  which  is  intersected  by  two  branches  of  the 
Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  both  of  which  connect 
with  Salisbury,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  16,810;  in  1880, 
19,965;  in  1890,  24,123. 

Rowaiidiz,  Rowanduz,  row-&n'diz,  or  Ravaiidiz, 
a  fortilied  town  of  Turkish  Koordistan,  75  miles  N.E.  of 
Mosul,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Greater  Zab.  Lat.  36°  47'  N. ; 
Ion.  44'  30'  E.  It  is  encircled  with  a  wall  flanked  by 
round  towers,  and  has  a  castle,  the  residence  of  its  bey. 
The  Rowandiz  River  flows  through  a  deep  limestone  ravine 
to  the  Zab,  10  miles  distant.  The  peak  of  Rowandiz,  Ken- 
dilan  chain,  is  30  miles  E.N.E.     Pop.  9000. 

Rowan  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Rowivn  co.,  N.C. 

Rowan'ta,  a  post-ofiice  of  Dinwiddie  co.,  Va. 

Rowayton,  Connecticut.    See  Five  Mile  Rivbb. 

Rowc,  ro,  a  post-village  of  Livingston  co.,  111.,  in  Es- 
men  township,  on  the  Chicago  &,  Paducah  Railroad,  G^ 
piilea  N.W.  of  Pontiac.     It  has  3  churches. 

Rowc,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rowc  township,  Franklin  co., 
Mass.,  about  12  miles  E.  of  North  Adams.  It  has  3 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  satinet,  leather,  Ac.  The 
township  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Deerfield  River. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  601. 

Rowel  I,  ro'?l,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  S.C.     P.  891. 

Rowe'na,  a  post-office  of  Russell  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Cum- 
berland River,  opposite  Lairsville. 

Rowensko,  ro-\VSn'sko,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  18  miles 
N.E.  of  Buntzlau.     Pop.  2212. 

Ro'wer,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kilkenny,  i  miles 
N.  of  New  Rosa.     Pop.  of  parish,  1950. 

Rowesville,  roz'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orangeburg  co., 
6.C.,  on  the  South  Carolina  Railroad,  71  miles  N.W.  of 
Charleston.     It  has  a  church. 

Rowland,  ro'land  or  rSw'land,  a  post-office  of  Lime- 
stone CO.,  Ala. 

Rowland,  a  post-hamlet  of  El  Dorado  co.,  Cal.,  on 
Taboe  Lake.     It  has  a  steamboat-landing. 

Rowland,  a  post-office  of  Isabella  co.,  Mich. 

Rowland,  a  post-hamlet  in  Bristol  township,  Morgan 
CO.,  0.,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Cumberland  Sution. 

Rowland,  a  post-village  of  Pike  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Dela- 
ware &  Hudson  Canal,  the  Lackawaxen  Creek,  and  the 
Jlonesdale  Branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  21  miles  E.S.E.  of 
llonesdale.  It  has  a  church,  a  high  school,  and  a  steam 
saw-mill. 

Rowland  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J., 
in  Readington  township,  1  mile  from  Stanton  Station. 

Rowlnndsville,  rO'lanz-vIl,  a  post-village  of  Cecil  co., 
Md.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Philadelphia  & 
Baltimore  Central  Railroad,  4i  miles  N.  of  Port  Deposit, 
It  has  2  churches,  a  mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  sheet-iron. 

Rowlcsburg,  rOlz'bilrg,  a  post-village  of  Preston  co., 


W.  Va.,  on  the  Cheat  River,  and  on  the  Baltimore  4  Ohio 
Railroad,  27  miles  E.  of  Grafton.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
lumber-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  560. 

Rowletta,  row-let't^,  a  post-office  of  Pettis  co.,  Mo., 
20  miles  N.W.  of  Sedalia. 

Rowlett's  (rOw'lets)  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hart 
CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  75  miles 
S.  of  Louisville.     It  has  a  tobacco-factory. 

Rowley,  row'lo,  a  post-hamlet  in  Homer  township, 
Buchanan  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  A 
Northern  Railroad,  8  uilee  S.  of  Independence.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Rowley,  a  post-village  in  Rowley  township,  Essex  co., 
Mass.,  on  the  Eastern  Kailroiul,  31  miles  N.N.E.  of  Boston. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  hotel,  and  manufactures  of  boot.",  shoes, 
<fco.  The  township  is  bounded  E.  by  the  Atlantic,  and  con- 
tains  extensive  salt-marshes.     Pop.  of  township,  1162. 

Rowley's  Bay,  a  post-office  of  Door  co.,  Wis.,  on  a 
bay  of  Lake  Michigan. 

Rowley's  Landing,  a  shipping-village  of  Crittenden 
CO.,  Ark.,  on  the  Mississippi,  3  miles  from  Hulburt.  It 
has  2  stores,  several  cotton-gins  and  corn-mills,  and  a 
broom -factory.     In  the  vicinity  are  3  churches. 

Row'ner,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Hants,  3  miles 
S.  of  Fareham; 

Rowno,  rov'no,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Volhynia,  near 
several  lakes,  115  miles  W.N.W.  of  Zhitomeer.    Pop.  0390. 

Rows,  or  Rowsburg,  rOwz'bfirg,  a  post-village  in 
Perry  township,  Ashland  co.,  0.,  9  miles  E.  of  Ashland, 
and  about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Wooster.  It  Las  3  churches 
and  about  50  houses.     Pop.  250.     Its  post-office  is  Rows. 

Uow'serah,  or  Rus'cra,  also  called  Rus'ra  and 
Riis'ara,  a  town  of  Bengal,  on  the  Little  Gunduck.  Lat. 
25°  45'  N.  ;  Ion.  86°  4'  E.  Pop.  9441.  It  is  the  seat  of 
a  largo  trade. 

Rowzah,  rSw'zi,  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Dcccan,  N.W. 
of  Aurungabad,  near  the  caves  of  Elora. 

Row'zcrsville  (formerly  Pikesville),  a  post-villaga 
in  Washington  township,  Franklin  co..  Pa.,  i  mile  from  the 
Blue  Ridge,  1 J  miles  from  the  Western  Maryland  Railroad, 
and  about  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Chambersburg.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  distillery.     Pop.  about  300. 

Rox'abell,  a  post-village  in  Concord  township,  Ross  co., 
0.,  on  the  North  Fork  of  Paint  Creek,  and  on  the  Marietta 
&  Cincinnati  Railroad,  13  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Chillioothe.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  wagon-factory. 

Roxnia'na,  a  post-office  of  Roane  co.,  W.  Va. 

Roxales,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Rojales. 

Rox^an'a,  a  post-village  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  in  Balti- 
more Hundred,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Solbyville  Station.  It  hiis 
a  church,  an  academy,  a  lumber-mill,  a  factory  for  canning 
fruit,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  about  200. 

Roxann,  a  post-township  of  Eaton  co.,  Mich.,  about  17 
miles  W.  of  Lansing.     Pop.  1354.    See  Needmkre. 

Roxborough,  rox'bur-ruh,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Person  co.,  N.C,  in  Roxborough  township,  55  miles  N.N.AV. 
of  Raleigh.  It  has  a  church  and  a  tobacco-factory.  Pop. 
in  1890,  421  ;  of  the  township,  2626. 

Roxborough,  formerly  a  township  of  Philadelphia 
CO.,  Pa.,  now  included  within  the  limits  of  the  city  of 
Philadelphia,  about  7  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Independence  llall. 
It  lies  W.  of  the  AVissahickon,  and  adjoins  Manayunk  on 
the  N.     Many  fine  residences  are  located  here. 

Roxbiirg,  Warren  co.,  N.J.     See  RocKSBuno. 

Roxburgh,  rox'bur-ruh,  or  Roxburghshire,  rox'- 
bur-r&h-shir,  a  county  of  Scotland,  having  E.  and  S.  the 
English  counties  of  Northumberland  and  Cumberland. 
Area,  670  square  miles.  Pop.  53,974.  Principal  rivers, 
the  Teviot,  which  intersects  it  throughout,  and  the  Tweed 
in  the  N,  Coal,  lime,  marl,  and  freestone  are  the  chief 
mineral  products.  The  principal  manufactures  are  of 
woollens.  The  county  is  intersected  by  the  North  British 
Railway  and  branches.  Principal  towns,  Jedburgh,  the  cap- 
ital, Kelso,  Hawick,  and  Melrose.  It  sends  one  member  to 
the  House  of  Commons. 

Roxburgh,  a  village  and  parish  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Roxburgh,  at  a  railway  junction,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Kelso. 
Pop.  1053.     It  was  anciently  a  place  of  importance. 

Iloxbury,  rox'b?r-e,  a  post-village  in  Roxbury  town- 
ship, Litchfield  co..  Conn.,  about  14  miles  W.  of  Waterbury, 
and  2  miles  E.  of  the  Shepaug  Railroad.  It  has  3  churches. 
The  township  is  drained  by  the  Shepaug  River.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  919.    See  Ro.XBtJiir  Statiox. 

Roxbury,  a  post-hamlet  of  McPherson  co.,  Kans.as. 

Roxbury,  a  post-township  of  Oxford  co..  Me.,  about  44 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Lewiston.     Pop.  162. 

Roxbury,  or  Boston  Highlands,  a  former  city  of 


ROX 


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Norfolk  CO.,  Mass.,  on  Massachusetts  Bay,  3  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Boston.  The  site  is  elevated  and  uneven,  and  affords 
lino  views  of  picturesque  scenery.  Here  are  many  elegant 
residences,  with  gardens  and  ornamented  grounds.  In  1867 
Koxbury  was  annexed  to  Boston,  of  wiiich  it  forms  the 
13th,  14th,  and  15th  wards.  It  has  20  churches,  2  banks,  a 
hio'h  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  manufactures  of  steam- 
engines,  boilers,  fire-engines,  chemicals,  carpets,  clocks, 
leather,  paper,  cordage,  fringes,  tassels,  <fcc.,  and  is  con- 
nected with  the  city  proper  by  electric  street-railways  and 
lines  of  horse-cars. 
Koxbury,  a  township  of  Cheshire  cc,  N.H.  Pop.  174. 
Koxbury,  a  township  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.  Pop.  2139. 
Koxbury,orRocks'bury  (formerly  Youngs'ville), 
a  village  of  Warren  co.,  N.J..  4  miles  S.  of  Belvidere,  and 
1  mile  E.  of  the  Delaware  ifiver  and  the  Belvidero  Dela- 
ware Railroad.  It  has  a  foundry,  a  plough-factory,  and 
nearly  50  houses.     Pink-colored  limestone  is  found  hero. 

Koxbury,  a  post-village  in  Roxbury  township,  Dela- 
ware CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  East  Branch  of  the  Delaware  River, 
and  on  the  Ulster  <fc  Delaware  Railroad,  59  miles  N.W.  of 
Rondout,  and  about  22  miles  E.  of  Delhi.  It  has  2  or  3 
churches,  a  sash-  and  blind-factory,  and  3  dry-goods  stores. 
Pop.  about  400  ;  of  the  township,  2211. 

Koxbury,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  0.,  in  Windsor 
township,  on  the  Muskingum  River,  about  20  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Marietta. 

Koxbury,  a  post-village  in  Lurgan  township,  Franklin 
CO.,  Pa.,  12  miles  N.  of  Chambersburg.  It  has  3  churches. 
Roxbury,  a  post-village  in  Roxbury  township,  Wash- 
ington CO.,  Vt.,  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  15  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Montpelier,  It  has  2  churches,  several  stores, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber.  Verd-antique  marble  is 
found  near  this  place.     Pop.  of  the  township,  916. 

Koxbury,  a  post-hamlet  in  Roxbury  township,  Dane 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Wisconsin  River,  about  24  miles  N.W.  of 
Madison.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1151. 

Roxbury  Falls,  a  station  of  Litchfield  co.,  Conn.,  on 
the  Shepaug  River,  and  on  the  Shepaug  Railroad,  14i  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Bethel. 
Roxbury  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Howard  co.,  Md. 
Roxbury  Station,  or  Chalybes  (local  pron.  kA'libs), 
a  post-village  in  Roxbury  township,  Litchfield  co..  Conn., 
on  the  Shepaug  Railroad,  18  miles  N.  of  Bethel.  It  has  a 
furnace,  a  grist-mill,  <fcc. 

Rox'ham,  a  post-village  in  St.  Johns  co.,  Quebec,  5 
miles  from  Ilemmingford.     Pop.  150. 

Roxit'icus,  a  hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  North 
Branch  of  the  Raritan  River,  5  miles  E.  of  Chester  Station. 
It  has  2  flour-mills. 

Rox'obel,  or  Rox'ibel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bertie  co., 
N.C.,  in  Roxobcl  township,  about  90  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Raleigh,     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1384. 

Rox'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lamar  co.,  Tex.,  6  miles  S. 
of  Brookston  Station.     It  has  a  church  and  a  seminary. 

Roxton  Falls,  a  village  in  Shefford  co.,  Quebec,  on 
Black  River,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Granby.  It  contains  2  tan- 
neries and  several  stores  and  mills.     Pop.  1200. 

Roxton  Pond,  a  post-village  in  Shefford  co.,  Quebec, 
9  miles  N.  of  Granby.     Pop.  125. 

Roy,  a  post-office  of  Sumner  co.,  Kansas. 
Roy'al  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Boone  township,  Cass 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis  Railroad, 
11  miles  N.W.  of  Logansport.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  306. 
Royal  Milton,  England.     See  Milton. 
Royal  Oak,  a  post-village  of  Talbot  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Eastern  Shore  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  8  miles  W.  of  Easton. 
It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  126. 

Royal  Oak,  a  post-village  in  Royal  Oak  township, 
Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Detroit  &  Milwaukee  Railroad, 
13  miles  N.N.W.  of  Detroit,  and  13  miles  S.S.E.of  Pontiac. 
It  has  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  4  churches,  and 
2  saw-mills.     Pop.  about  400  ;  of  township,  1542. 

Royal  Oak,  a  post-hamlet  of  Paulding  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Miami  Canal,  17  miles  S.  of  Defiance.  Much  timber  is 
shipped  here. 

Koy'alston,  a  post-village  and  township  in  Worcester 
CO.,  Mass.,  about  24  miles  W.N.W.  of  Fitchburg.  It  has  2 
churches,  and  is  surrounded  by  hills  and  beautiful  scenery. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1260.  It  has  3  saw-mills,  and  man- 
ufactures of  cassimere,  chairs,  Ac.  Royalston  Station,  in 
this  township,  is  at  South  Royalston,  on  the  Vermont  & 
Massachusetts  Railroad,  26  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Fitchburg. 

Roy'alton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Boone  co.,  Ind.,  about  15 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Indianapolis.     It  has  2  churches. 

Royalton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Russell  co.,  Ky.,  about  20 
miles  W.  of  Somerset. 


Royalton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Royalton  township,  Ber- 
rien CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  St.  Joseph  River,  8  miles  N.W.  of 
Berrien  Springs,  and  1  mile  from  Lake  Michigan.  It  haa 
a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  959. 

Royalton,  a  post-office  of  Morrison  co.,  Minn. 

Royalton,  a  post-township  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
26  miles  N.E.  of  Buffalo,  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  Tona- 
wanda  Creek,  and  intersected  by  the  Erie  Canal  and  the 
New  York  Central  Railroad.  Pop.  4990.  It  contains  the 
villages  of  Middleport,  Gasport,  and  Royalton. 

Royalton,  or  Royalton  Centre,  a  post-village  in 
Royalton  township,  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  10  miles  E.  of  Lock- 

Eort,  and  2  miles  S.  of  the  New  York  Central  Railroad.    It 
as  a  church,  a  hotel,  and  a  tannery. 
Royalton,  a  township  of  Cuyahoga  co.,  0.     P.  1089. 
Itoyalton,  a  post-village  in  Amanda  township,  Fair- 
field CO.,  0.,  about  22  miles  S.B.  of  Columbus.     It  has  a 
church,  a  carriage-shop,  a  drug-store,  <fec.     Pop.  158. 
Royalton,  a  township  of  Fulton  co.,  0.     Pop.  871. 
Royalton,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  about  16 
miles  N.  of  Sharon. 

Royalton, a  post-village  in  Royalton  township,  Wind- 
sor CO.,  Vt.,  on  White  River,  and  on  the  Central  Vermont 
Railroad,  42  miles  S.  of  Montpelier,  and  about  25  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Rutland.  It  has  2  churches,  a  national  bank, 
and  an  academy.  The  township  contains  another  village, 
named  South  Royalton.     Total  pop.  1679. 

Royalton,  a  post-village  in  Royalton  township,  Wau- 
paca CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Waupaca  River,  and  on  the  Green 
Bay  &  Minnesota  Railroad,  6^  miles  W.  of  New  London^ 
and  about  33  miles  N.N.W.  of  Oshkosh.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  graded  school,  a  grist-mill,  <tc.     Pop.  of  township,  1006. 

Royan,  ro'yfiN"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Chareixte-Inf6- 
rieuro,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Gironde,  20  miles  S.AV.  of 
Saintes.  Pop.  4198.  It  has  a  small  harbor,  defended  by  a 
fort,  fisheries,  and  bathing-establishments. 

Roy  Bareiliy,  roi  bi-ri'lee,  or  Rai  Bareli,  rl  bA- 
ri'lee,  a  town  of  India,  50  miles  S.E.  of  Lucknow.  It  is 
the  capital  of  Roy  Bareiliy  district  and  division.    P.  11,644. 

Roy  Bareiliy,  a  division  or  commissioncrship  of  the 
North-West  Provinces,  India,  in  Oude,  consisting  of  the 
districts  of  Roy  Bareiliy,  Sultanpoor,  and  Pertaubghur. 
Area,  4911  square  miles.  Pop.  2,773,211.  The  district  of 
Roy  Bareiliy  is  bounded  S.W.  by  the  Ganges.  Capital,  Roy 
Bareiliy.     Area,  1752  square  miles.     Pop.  988,719. 

Roybon,  rwi'b6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ishrc,  22 
miles  W.  of  Grenoble.     Pop.  2128. 

Roye,  rwi,  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Somme,  on  the  Arve, 
26  miles  E.S.E.  of  Amiens.  Pop.  3810.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  beet  sugar,  woollen  hosiery,  and  flannel. 

Royer,  Blair  co.,  Pa.     See  Mines. 

Royere,  roi^aiu',  a  village  of  France,  in  Creuse,  23 
miles  S.  of  Gufirot.     Pop.  323. 

Roy'er's  Ford,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa., 
in  Limerick  township,  on  the  Schuylkill  River,  opposite 
Spring  City,  and  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railroad, 
15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Norristown.  It  has  a  hotel,  a  stove- 
foundry,  and  a  sad-iron  foundry.     Pop.  in  1890,  1815. 

Roy'erton,a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Fort  Wayne,  Muncie  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  5i  miles  N. 
of  Muncie.     It  has  a  church, 

Royse,  rois,  a  hamlet  of  Fleming  co.,  Ky.,  1  milo  from 
Hillsborough. 

Roys'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Hillsborough  township,  on  the  South  Branch  Railroad,  3 
miles  S.  of  Somerville. 

Royslca,  a  village  of  Ireland.     See  Roslea. 

Roys'ton,  a  town  of  England,  cos.  of  Cambridge  and 
Herts,  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cambridge.  Pop.  1801.  It  has 
a  venerable  church,  originally  part  of  a  priory,  a  union 
workhouse,  and  a  market-house,  under  which  is  a  curious 
ancient  cave. 

Roys'ton,  a  village  of  Pike  co..  Ark.,  3  miles  N.  of 
Murfreesborough.  It  has  a  church,  a  cotton-factory,  and 
a  grist-mill  on  Little  Missouri  River. 

Royston,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Elberton  Air-Line  Railroad,  31  miles  S.S.E.  of  Toccoa. 

Roy'ville,  a  village  of  Lafayette  parish,  La.,  10  miles 
S.  by  E.  of  Vermilionville.     It  has  a  church. 

Roza,  or  Rowzah,  ro'zi  ("  a  tomb"),  a  town  of  India, 
in  the  Nizam's  dominions,  6i  miles  W.N.W.  of  Dowletabad. 

Rozdialowitz,  roz-de-&-lo'^its,  a  town  of  Bohemia, 
36  miles  E.N.E.  of  Prague.     Pop,  1393. 

Ro^zel',  a  station  in  Box  Elder  co.,  Utah,  on  the  Cen> 
tral  Pacific  Railroad,  36  miles  W.  of  Corinne. 

RozelI'vilte,  a  post-office  of  Marathon  co..  Wis. 

Rozenburg,  ro'z^n-buRG,  a  fertile  island  of  the  Neth- 


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crlnnJa,  nrovinoe  of  South  Holland,  in  the  Mouse,  S  mllus 
B.W.  ur  Uottordam.     Length,  S  inilos;  breadth,  1}  miles. 

llo^zet'ta^  a  post-villago  of  Ilondoraon  oo.,  1. 1. ,5  milos 
E.  of  Oquawko,  and  about  27  niiica  \V.  of  Qalosburg.  It 
has  a  nursery  and  4  churches.     I'op.  about  300. 

Kozmberk)  a  town  of  Hungary.    Seo  RosBXBRne. 

Hozmittal,  a  town  of  liuhouiio.     See  Hosknthal. 

Iloziiawa,  n  town  of  Hungary.    Seo  KasBNAU. 

Koznow,  ur  KoznaOf  Murnvia.    Seo  Ko.snau. 

lluzoy-  (or  Kosay^  ro*zi')  en>llrie,  ro'«wi'-6N»-bro, 
«  town  of  Franco,  in  Setno-ct-Marne,  17  miles  N.E.  of 
MeluD.     Pup.  1404. 

liozoy-  (or  Rosay-)  sur-Serre^  ro'ii'-sUn-saiR,  a 
town  of  Franco,  in  Aisne,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Luon.    P.  12tf7. 

KKhev,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Rzhkv. 

Ktina*  a  village  of  liohcmia.    Soe  Hkiitix. 

Kuabon,  or  llhiwabon,  ru-&'bon,  a  town  of  Wales, 
CO.  of  Denbigh,  at  a  railway  junction,  5  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Wrexham.  Tbo  town  is  small,  but  tho  parish  contains 
great  iron-works  and  collieries,  and  a  pop.  uf  15,160. 

Kuad)  rou'id'  (anc.  Amdut  and  Arcnd),  a  small  forti- 
fied island  oflf  tho  const  of  Syria,  S.W.  of  Tortoso,  anciently 
tho  site  of  the  city  of  Aradus. 

lluatan,  roo-^-tAn',  or  Uoatan,ro-&-tin',  one  of  the 
Bay  Islands,  Honduras,  in  lat.  16°  24'  N.,  Ion.  86°  19'  W. 
Length,  30  miles ;  breadth,  8  miles.  Pop.  3000,  mostly 
negroes.  The  surface  is  moderately  olovatod  and  well 
wooded,  but  in  tho  W.  consists  of  grassy  plains ;  tho  shores 
abound  with  turtles  and  fish.  The  island  has  22  good 
harbors,  of  which  Purt  Medina  is  the  chief. 

Riibeiiach,  rii'b^h-nJlK^  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
government  and  W.N.W.  of  Coblentz.     Pop,  1465. 

llu'bcns,  a  post-office  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas. 

Ku'berinunt,  a  post-office  of  Lunenburg  co.,  Va. 

Uubi,  roo-beo',  a  village  of  Spain,  province  and  about 
10  miles  frum  Barcelona.     Pop.  2995. 

Rubiana^  roo-be-H'niV,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Turin,  18  miles  E.  of  Susa.     Pop.  3214. 

Rn'bicam,  a  station  on  tho  Northeast  Pennsylvania 
Il.ailroad,  13  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Ru'bicon  (It.  Jl  Ilnbicone,  i\  roo-be-ko'ni),  a  river  of 
Central  Italy,  rises  on  the  borders  of  Tuscany,  between 
Mounts  Tiffi  and  Sarsina,  and  flows  E.  to  the  Adriatic, 
which  it  enters  9  miles  N.W.  of  Rimini.  Length,  20  miles. 
It  was  anciently  regarded  as  tho  boundary  between  Italy 
proper  and  Cisalpine  Uaul.  It  is  celebrated  in  history  on 
account  of  Caesar's  passage  across  it  at  tho  head  of  his 
army,  by  which  act  he  declared  war  against  the  republic. 

Ru'bicon,  a  small  river  of  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Wash- 
ington CO.,  runs  nearly  westward,  and  enters  Rock  River  in 
Dodge  CO.,  about  10  miles  N.E.  of  Watertown. 

Rubicon,  a  township  of  Huron  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  734. 

Rubicon,  a  post-villfxgc  in  Rubicon  township.  Dodge 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  tho  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad 
(Northern  division),  41  miles  N.W.  of  Milwaukee,  and  12 
miles  S.E.  of  Horicon  Junction.  It  has  a  church,  several 
stores,  and  a  steam  saw-mill.  The  township  is  drained  by 
tho  Rubicon  River,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1868. 

Rubielos,  roo-Bo-i'loce,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
19  miles  S.E.  of  Toruel.     Pop.  1863. 

Rubieszow,  Russian  Poland.     See  Guubeschow. 

Ru bin sk,  a  town  of  Russia.    Soe  Rybinsk. 

Rubrum  Mare,  an  ancient  name  of  the  Red  Sea. 

Ru'by,  a  post-office  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas. 

Ruby,  a  post-village  in  Clyde  township,  St.  Clair  co., 
Mich.,  on  Black  River,  at  tho  mouth  of  Mill  Crock,  11 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Port  Huron.  It  has  2  grist-mills,  a  saw- 
inill,  a  church,  and  a  plough-factory.     Pop.  about  200. 

Ruby  City,  a  post-office  of  Ouray  co.,  Col. 

Ruby  Hill,  a  post-office  and  mining-village  of  Euroka 
CO.,  Nev.,  2i  miles  from  Eureka  Station.  It  has  rich  silver- 
mines.     Pop.  about  700. 

Ruby  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Elko  co.,  Nev.,  about 
60  miles  S.E.  of  Elko.     Pop.  153. 

Riickersdorf,  riik'k§rs-doRr,  a  village  of  Bohemia, 
circle  of  Buntzlau,  on  the  Rasnitzbach.     Pop.  1660. 

Riickersdorf,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia,  43  miles 
N.W.  of  Liegnitz,  on  the  Bober.     Pop.  1140. 

Rnck'ersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Elbert  co.,  Oa.,  about 
45  miles  E.N.E.  of  Athens. 

Ruckersville,  a  post-villago  of  Tippah  co.,  Miss., 
about  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Corinth.  It  has  an  academy  and 
3  churches. 

Ruckersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  oo.,  Va.,  about 
16  miles  N.  of  Charlottesville. 

Ruck'crville,  a  post-villago  of  Clark  oo.,  Ky.,  about 
32  milos  E.  of  Lexington.     It  has  2  churches  and  3  stores. 


RuckH'ville,  a  post-villago  of  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.,  in 
North  Whitehall  township,  1  mile  from  Soipcl's  Stiitiun, 
and  about  6  milos  N.W.  uf  AUontown.  It  hiu  a  church 
and  a  coach -factory. 

Rudauli,  roo-duw'lee,  a  town  of  India,  Bara  Bauke* 
district.     Pop.  12,517. 

Rudbar,  a  village  of  Persia.    See  RoonnAn. 

Rudd,  a  post-village  of  Floyd  co.,  Iowa,  on  tho  ChU 
cago,  Milwaukee  tt  St.  Paul  Railroad,  12  milos  W.  by  N. 
of  Charles  City.     It  has  2  churches. 

Rud'dclPs  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Bourbon  co.,  Ky., 
on  tho  South  Licking  River,  at  the  mouth  uf  llinkfton 
Crook,  and  near  tho  Kentucky  Centnil  Rnilruad,  about  24 
miles  N.E.  of  Le.vington.  It  has  2  churches,  2  distillciicii, 
and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  238, 

Ruddervoordc,  r&d'd^r-vonM^h,  a  village  of  Belgium, 
in  West  Flanders,  7  miles  S.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  4320. 

Rudd's  Mills,  a  post-villago  in  Linuuln  township, 
Monroe  co.,  Wis.,  on  tho  West  Wisconsin  liailroad,  at  Rudd's 
Station,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Black  River  Falls.  It  has  a  large 
steam  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Rudelstadt,  roo'd^l-st&tr,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
24  miles  S.  of  Liegnitz,  on  the  Bober.     Pop.  1250. 

Ruden,  roo'd^n,  a  small  island  of  Prussia,  in  tbo  Baltic, 
36  miles  E.S.E.  of  Stralsund.    See  also  ROtiiem. 

Riiderswyl,  rU'dfrs-<^il%  or  Riidersweil,  rll'dfrs- 
■*ir,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bern,  on 
the  Emmen.     Pop.  2611. 

RUdesheim,  rii'd^s-himc^,  atown  of  Prussi.a,  in  Hcsso- 
Nassau,  on  tho  right  bank  of  tho  Rhino,  opposite  Bingen, 

15  miles  S.W.  of  Wiesbaden.     Pop.  3455. 
Rudgeiey,  or  Rugeley,  rfij'lco,  a  town  and  parish 

of  England,  co.  and  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  StafTord,  on  the  Trent, 
hero  crossed  by  the  Trunk  Canal,  and  on  the  London  ii 
Northwestern  Railway.  The  town  has  an  ancient  church, 
a  grammar-school,  almshouses  and  other  charities,  manu- 
factures of  felt  and  hats,  chemical  works,  iron-forges,  and 
collieries.     Pop.  (1891)  4181. 

Rudiano,  roo-de-&'no,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  5 
miles  S.W.  of  Chiari.     Pop.  1543. 

Rudig,  roo'dio,  or  Wruteck,  vroo'tik,  a  town  of  Bo- 
hernia,  S.S.W.  of  Saatz.     Pop.  1198. 

Rudisholz,  Switzerland.    See  Les  Bois. 

Rudkibbing,  RudkjObing,  rood'k'yo'bing,  or  Laf* 
vindskjbbing,  llf'vinds-k'yo'bing,  a  town  of  Denmark, 
on  the  W.  coast  of  Lnngoland,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Svendborg. 

Rudolfstadt,  roo'dolf-stitt',  a  village  of  Bohemia,  4 
miles  from  Budweis.     Pop.  1171. 

Ru'dolph,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Le  Sueur  co., 
Minn.,  on  tho  Minnesota  River,  and  on  the  St.  Paul  4  Sioux 
City  Railroivd,  58  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Paul. 

Rudolph,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Wood  co..  Wis., 
in  Rudolph  township,  on  the  Wisconsin  Valley  Railroad,  7 
miles  N.  of  Grand  Rapids.     Pop.  of  tho  township,  472. 

Rudolphswerth.    Seo  NEUsTADTL-RunoLPiiswEiiTn. 

Rudolstadt,  roo'dol-stitt\  a  town  of  Germany,  cajiital 
of  Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt,  on  tho  Saale,  18  miles  S.  of 
Weimar.  Pop.  7C38.  It  has  a  castle,  the  residence  of  the 
prince,  a  library,  a  normal  school,  a  gymnasium,  a  cathedral, 
a  picture-gallery,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  por- 
celain, pianos,  bells,  and  shoes. 

Rue,  rii,  a  river  of  France,  in  Cantal,  flows  N.W.,  and 
joins  the  Dordogne  near  Bort.     Length,  25  miles. 

Rue,  a  town  of  France,  in  Somme,  on  the  Paris  &  Bou- 
logne Railway,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Abbeville.     Pop.  1361. 

Rnccas,  roo-i'kis  or  rwA'kis,  a  river  of  Spain,  in  Es- 
tromadura,  flows  S.W.,  and  joins  the  Guadiana  near  Mo- 
dcllin.     Length,  40  miles. 

Rueda  de  Medina,  rwA'nl  d4  mA-nco'ni,  a  town  of 
Spain,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Valladolid.     Pop.  3883. 

Rueglio,  roo-il'yo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Tu- 
rin, 7  miles  W.  of  Ivrea.     Pop.  1803. 

Rueil,  rwil,  or  Rucl,a  village  of  France,  in  Seino-ct- 
Oise,  at  tho  foot  of  the  vine-clad  Mont-VaI6rien,  near  tho 
Seine,  5  milos  W.  of  Paris,  on  the  railway  to  Saint-Germain. 
It  has  a  starch-factory  and  a  distillery.  Pop.  7980.  Here 
is  Malmaison,  the  residence  of  the  Empress  Josephine. 

Ruelle,  rwSl,  a  village  of  France,  in  Charente,  5  miles 
N.E.  of  Angouleme,  with  a  cannon-foundry.     Pop.  1733. 

Rnfach,  roo'fdK  (Fr.  Itonffach,  rooffik'),  a  town  of 
Germany,  in  Alsace,  9  miles  S.  of  Colmar,     Pop.  3467. 

Rutfano,  roof-fi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Lecce, 

16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Gallipoli.     Pop.  3296. 

Ruff  and  Ready,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  Ark. 

Rutf  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Pa.,  5  miles 
N.  of  Waynesburg,  and  about  40  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Pitts- 
burg.    It  has  a  church. 


RUF 


2319 


RUM 


Ruffcc,  riif-f^k',  a  town  of  France,  in  Charente,  on  the 

railway  from  Tours  to  Bordeaux,  26  miles  N.  of  Angoul^me, 

Pop.  3155.     It  has  an  active  trade  in  agricultural  produce. 

RutfeV)  riiPfi',  a  village  of  France,  in  Jura,  arron- 

dissement  of  Lons-lo-Saulnier.     Pop.  1318. 

Kutfiac,  rdrfe-lk',  a  village  of  France,  in  Morbihan, 
7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ploermel.     Pop.  1763. 

Rufflgn6,  riirfeen^yi',  a  village  of  France,  in  Loire- 
Inferieure,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Chateaubriant.     Pop.  1191. 

Ruffin,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Richmond  <t  Danville  Railroad,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Danville, 
A'a.  It  has  a  church  and  several  stores, 
RufPs  Dale,  a  post-office  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa. 
Rufisquc,  rii'foesk'  (Port.  Rujisco),  a  maritime  town 
of  AVest  Africa,  10  miles  E.  of  Cape  Verd.  Pop.  5280.  It 
belongs  to  France. 
Rug,  Pacific  Ocean.  See  Hogolem  Islands. 
Riig'by,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Warwick,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  several  railways,  80  miles  N.N.W.  of  London.  It  is 
situated  on  an  eminence  S.  of  the  Avon,  and  has  an  ancient 
church,  also  a  celebrated  public  school,  founded  in  the  time 
of  Queen  Elizabeth,  and  consisting  mostly  of  a  fine  quad- 
rangle with  cloisters  and  an  elegant  detached  chapel.  It  is 
distinguished  as  the  scene  of  the  educational  labors  of  the 
late  Dr.  Arnold.  The  town  has  little  trade  beyond  its  rail- 
way traffic  and  the  supply  of  the  school.  P.  (1891)  11,262. 
Rugelcy,  a  town  of  England.  See  Rudgelev. 
Riigen,  rii'gh^n,  an  island  in  the  Baltic,  belonging  to 
Prussia,  separated  from  the  mainland  by  a  strait  from 
i  mile  to  2  miles  broad.  Lat.  of  light-house  at  its  N.  ex- 
tremity, 53°  41'  12"  N.;  Ion.  13°  31'  27"  E.  Area,  361 
square  miles.  Pop.  45,699.  It  is  very  irregular  in  shape, 
and  indented  by  bays  and  creeks,  but  possesses  no  good 
harbor.  The  soil  is  of  remarkable  fertility,  and  grain  and 
cattle  are  exported  to  a  considerable  amount.  The  fisheries, 
also,  are  very  valuable.  In  early  times  RUgcn  was  held 
sacred  to  the  goddess  Ilertha.  During  the  Thirty  Years' 
War  the  Swedes  gained  possession  of  the  island,  and  re- 
tained it  till  1815.  Capital,  Bergen.  Among  its  antiqui- 
ties are  mounds  termed  the  Ilunnergraber,  or  "Tombs  of 
the  Huns." 

Riigenwalde,  rii'gh§n-<^ird§h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Pomcrania,  19  miles  N.N.E.  of  Coslin,  on  theWipper,  near 
its  mouth  in  the  Baltic.  Pop.  5174.  It  has  a  castle,  2 
hospitals,  and  sea-bathing  establishments,  with  manufac- 
tures of  linen,  woollen,  and  sail-cloths,  distilleries,  and 
docks  for  building  coasting-vessels. 

Ruggisberg,  rilg'ghis-bSnG',  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  9  miles  S.  of  Bern.     Pop.  3002. 

Riiggles,  rug'g§lz,  a  post-hamlet  in  Ruggles  township, 
Ashland  co.,  0.,  on  the  Vermilion  River,  4  miles  S.  of  New 
London,  and  about  48  miles  S.W.  of  Cleveland.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  758. 
Ruggles,  a  post-office  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa. 
Rugles,  riig'l,  a  town  of  France,  In  Eure,  on  the  Rille, 
24  miles  S.W.  of  Evreux.     Pop,  1867. 

Ruhia,  roo'IS,,  a  village  of  Saxe- Weimar  and  Saxe-Go- 
burg,  on  the  Suhlbach,  7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Eisenach.  Pop. 
4398.  It  has  extensive  manufactures  of  cutlery,  pipes, 
gloves,  Ac. 

Ruhland,  roo'Iint,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  on  the 
Elster,  18  miles  W.N.W.  of  Hoyerswerda.     Pop.  1660. 

Ruhme,  roo'm^h,  a  river  of  Germany,  rises  in  Prussian 
Saxony,  flows  N.N.W.,  and  joins  the  Leine  a  little  N.W. 
of  Nordheim.     Length,  30  miles. 

Ruhr,  or  Roer,  roon,  a  river  of  West  Germany  and 
the  Netherlands,  joins  the  Mouse  on  the  right  at  Roermond. 
Total  course,  90  miles. 

Ruhr,  roon,  a  river  of  Prussia,  in  AVestphalia,  flows  W., 
and  joins  the  Rhine  at  Ruhrort,  15  miles  S.  of  Wesel. 
Length,  130  miles. 

Ruhrort,  rooR'ont,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  16  miles 
N.  of  Dusseldorf,  on  the  railway  to  Minden,  and  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Ruhr  with  the  Rhine,  Pop.  9051.  It  has 
manufactures  of  cotton  fabrics,  machinery,  and  hardware, 
steam-ship  docks,  coal-mines,  and  a  transit  trade. 

Ruill6-sur-Loire,rwee^yd,'-(orrweoryd,'-)sUn-lwaR, 
a  village  of  France,  department  of  Sartho,  13  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Saint-Calais.     Pop.  1309. 

Ruinen,  roi'n^n,  or  Runen,  rii'nen,  a  village  of  the 
Netherlands,  province  of  Drenthe,  17  miles  S.S.W.  of  Assen. 
Pop.  of  commune,  2933. 

Ruinerwold,  roi'n§r-^olt\  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  Drenthe,  24  miles  S.S.W.  of  Assen,  on  the  Wold- 
Aa.     Pop.  of  commune,  2009. 

Ruivtlcs,  roo-e-v&'fixs,  a  village  of  Portugal,  in  Tras- 
os-Montes,  24  miles  from  Chaves.    Pop.  1226.  •*"»  ^''i 


Rule,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co..  Ark. 
Ru'lo,  a  post- village  of  Richardson  co.,  Neb.,  on  th« 
Missouri  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Big  Nemaha,  about  90 
miles  below  Nebraska  City.  It  is  on  the  Atchison  <fc  No* 
braska  Railroad,  45  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Atchison,  and  10 
miles  E.  of  Falls  City.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  foundry* 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  786.  ■■ 

Riilsk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Rylsk. 
Rum,  riim,  an  island  of  the  Inner  Hebrides,  in  Scot- 
land, CO.  of  Argyle,  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  ArdnamurchaH 
Point.     Length,  8  miles;  breadth,  7  miles. 

Rnma,  roo'mi,  a  town  of  Hungary,  35  miles  N.AV.  of 
Belgrade.     Pop.  7779. 

Ru'nia,  a  post-village  of  Randolph  co..  111.,  about  27 
miles  S.  of  Belleville.  It  has  a  Roman  Catholic  college,  Ik 
mill,  and  2  or  3  stores.     Pop.  about  200. 

Rumbarger,  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.    See  Dubois. 
Rum'barger's,  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Ind.,  on  White 
River,  and  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  Rail- 
road, 2  miles  S.  of  Gosport.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Rumbeke,  rum'bi'k^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  AVcst 
Flanders,  16i  miles  S.  of  Bruges,  on  the  Mandel-Beke. 
Pop.  of  commune,  5479. 

RumboAve,  or  Rambau,  riim'bSw,  an  inland  stato 
of  the  Malay  Peninsula,  lat.  2°  49'  N.,  Ion.  102°  30'  E.,  en- 
closed by  Naning,  Johole,  and  Salangore.  Area,  400  square 
miles.     Estimated  pop.  10,000. 

Rumburg,  room'booiio,  or  Rauneburg,  row'n^h- 
booRG',  a  town  of  Bohemia,  42  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Buntzlau. 
Pop.  9090.  It  has  a  castle,  and  manufactures  of  woollen, 
linen,  damask,  and  cotton  fabrics,  and  pipe-sticks. 

Rum  Cay,  an  island  of  the  Bahamas,  a  few  miles  S.W, 
of  Watling's  Island.     Pop.  654. 

Rnme,  or  Rumes,  rUm,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  HaK 
naut,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Tournay.     Pop.  2881. 

Rum'ford,  a  post-township  of  Oxford  co..  Me.,  on  the 
Androscoggin  River,  about  38  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Lcwistown. 
It  contains  Rumford  (or  Rumford  Corner),  Rumford  Ccntrey 
and  Rumford  Point.     Pop.  1212. 

Rumford,  or  Rumford  Corner,  a  post-village  in 
Rumford  township,  Oxford  co..  Me.,  on  the  Androscoggin 
River,  about  20  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Paris.     It  has  a  church. 

Rumford,  a  village  of  East  Providence,  Providence  co., 
R.I.,  on  the  India  Point  Branch  of  the  Boston  &  Providence 
Railroad,  3  miles  N.  by  E.  of  its  terminal  station  in  Provi- 
dence. It  has  2  churches,  2  m.anufactories  of  chemicals, 
fertilizers,  Ac,  and  a  grammar-school.  Pop.  523.  Here  is 
East  Providence  Post-Office. 

Rumford  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rumford  town- 
ship, Oxford  CO.,  Me.,  on  the  Androscoggin  River,  about  37 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Lewiston.     It  has  a  church  and  2  hotels. 

Rumford  Fails,  Oxford  co..  Me.,  in  Rumford  town- 
ship, about  45  miles  W.N.W.  of  Augusta.  The  Androscog- 
gin River  here  falls  about  150  feet  in  several  plunges  over 
granite  ledges.     It  affords  immense  water-power. 

Rumford  Point,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rumford  township, 
Oxford  CO.,  Me.,  hear  the  Falls  of  the  Androscoggin,  and  3 
miles  E.  of  Rumford  Centre.     It  has  a  church. 

Rumianca,  roo-me-&n'k&,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
of  Novara,  near  Ornavasso,  on  the  Tosa.     Pop.  1319. 

Rum-Ili,  or  Rumelia.    See  Roumelia. 

Rum  illy,  rii'mee^yee'  or  rii^meeryee',  a  village  ot 
France,  in  Nord,  3  miles  S.  of  Cambrai.     Pop.  1930. 

Ruminghem,  rii^mino'ghSm',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Pas-de-Calais,  arrondissemcnt  of  Saint-Omer.     Pop.  1172. 

Rum-Kalah,  Asiatic  Turkey.     See  Room-Kalah. 

Rum'ley,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  0.     Pop.  1158. 

Rummaneh,  or  Rummon.    See  RiM>ro.\. 

Rummelsburg,  room'm§Is-booRG\  a  town  of  Prussia, 
in  Pomcrania,  35  miles  E.S.E.  of  Coslin.  Pop,  4814.  It 
has  manufactures  of  woollen  fabrics, 

Rum'merfield  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania. 
<fc  New  York  Railroad,  at  Rummerfield  Station,  1  mile  S.E» 
of  Towanda.     It  has  a  plaster-mill. 

Rum'ney,  a  post- village  in  Rumney  township,  Graf- 
ton CO.,  N.ll.,  in  a  beautiful  valley,  on  Baker's  River,  J 
mile  from  the  Boston,  Concord  &,  Montreal  Railroad,  8  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Plymouth,  and  59  miles  N.  by  W,  of  Concord. 
It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  gloves,  bricks,  Ac. 
The  township  has  several  tanneries,  and  a  pop.  of  1165. 

Rumney  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rumney  township, 
Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  on  Baker's  River,  and  on  the  Boston, 
Concord  A  Montreal  Railroad,  59  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Con- 
cord, and  j  mile  from  Rumney, 

Rumphtown,  rump'town,  post-office,  Colleton  co.,  S.C. 

Rnmpst)  riimpst,  a  .Tillage  of  Belgium,  provii^ce  Bnd 


RUM 


2820 


RUS 


12  uiilos  S.  of  Antwerp,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Dyle  with 
the  Kupcl.     Pop.  250U. 

Hum  Uivcr«  Minnesota,  the  outlet  of  Lake  Millo  Loos, 
In  the  N.  part  of  Mille  Lncs  co.,  runs  southward  to  Prince- 
ton and  eastward  to  Cambridge,  Isanti  oo.  It  finally  runs 
southward  through  Anoka  co.,  and  enters  the  Mississippi 
Itivcr  at  Anoka.     Length,  about  150  miles 

Kumscy,  a  borough  of  England.     See  Romset. 

Kum'sey,  a  post-villago  of  McLean  oo.,  Ky.,  on  Green 
Rivor,  about   33   miles   S.S.B.   of   Henderson.     It  has  a 
church,  2  grist-mills,  and  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  210. 
I     Ituilj  a  station  in  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Franklin 
Branch  of  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  2  miles  £.  of  Franklin. 

I  Ran'corn,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  13  miles  N.E. 
of  Chester,  near  the  head  of  the  Mcr!<ey  estuary,  here  crossed 
by  a  railway  bridge.  The  town  has  docks,  valuable  stone- 
quarries  in  the  vicinity,  and  considerable  trade  arising  from 
its  position  at  the  termini  of  the  Bridgewater,  Trent  &, 
Mersey  and  Mersey  A  Irwell  Canals.  It  is  also  frequented 
for  sea-bathing.     Pop.  (1891)  20,060. 

Run'dell'S)  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  about 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Meadville.  It  has  a  lumber-mill  and  a 
cheese- fivctory. 

Kund'lett,  a  post-office  of  Hall  oo.,  Keb.,  10  miles  N. 
of  Wood  Rivor  Station. 

Ruii'elsburg,  a  post-office  of  Hall  co.,  Nob. 

lluncn,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Ruixen. 

Kung^poor',  or  Rangpur*  rQng^poor',  a  district  of 
Bengal.  Lat.  25°  3'-26°  19.5'  N. ;  Ion.  88°  47'-S9°  65.5' 
E.  Area,  3412  square  miles.  Capital,  Rungpoor.  Pop. 
2,149,972.  It  is  a  level  and  fertile  plain,  bounded  £.  by 
the  Brahmapootra. 

Rungpoor,  or  Rangpnr,  a  town  of  Bengal,  capital 
of  Rungpoor  district.  Lat.  25°  45'  N.;  Ion.  89°  18'  E. 
It  consists  properly  of  four  nearly  contiguous  villages.  It 
has  a  dispensary,  a  jail,  and  a  public  library.    Pop.  14,845. 

Runkel,  run'k^l,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassuu, 
on  the  Lahn,  21  miles  N.  of  Wiesbaden.     Pop.  1135. 

Runkel's  Mills,  a  post-hamlct  of  Portage  co..  Wis., 
on  the  Wisconsin  Valley  Railroad,  25i  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Wausau.     It  has  a  largo  lumber-mill. 

Runn,  a  remarkable  tract  of  India.     See  Cctch. 

Ruu'nels,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Texas, 
has  an  area  of  about  910  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Colorado  River,  drained  by  many  affluents  of  the  same, 
and  is  traversed  by  the  Gulf,  Colorado  &  Santa  F€  Railroad. 
Capital,  Ballinger.     Pop.  in  1880,  980;  in  1890,  3193. 

Running  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Elbert  co..  Col. 

Run'nymcde,  a  beautiful  meadow  on  the  S.  bank 
of  the  Thames,  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  W.  of  the  town  of 
Egham,  and  memorable  as  the  place  whero  the  barons,  in 
1215,  compelled  King  John  to  grant  Magna  Charta. 

Runovich,  roo'no-viK\  a  village  of  Dalmatia,  circle 
of  Spalato,  about  30  miles  from  Macarsoa.     Pop.  1220. 

Rungpoor',  or  Ranpur,  rungpoor',  a  petty  state  of 
India,  in  Orissa.  Lat.  19°  52'  45"-20°  12'  N. ;  Ion.  85° 
»'-85°  30'  E.  Area,  203  square  miles.  Pop.  21,306.  Its 
capital,  Runpoor  (lat.  20°  3'  55"  N.,  Ion.  85°  23'  26"  E.), 
has  a  good  trade.  Pop.  3500.  A  large  part  of  the  state 
consists  of  uninhabited  mountains. 

Runpoor,  or  Ranpur,  riin^poor',  a  town  of  India, 
Ahmcdabad  district.     Pop.  5796. 

Ruus'wick,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  York,  North 
Biding,  6i  miles  N.AV.  of  Whitby,  on  the  North  Sea,  which 
here  forms  an  inlet  called  Runswick  Bay. 

Ruoti,  roo-o'tce,  a  market-town  of  Italy,  in  Basilicata, 

II  miles  N.N.W.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  3771. 

Ru^par',  a  town  of  India,  district  and  50  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Amballa.     Pop.  8700. 

Rupcl,  rU'p§I,  a  river  of  Belgium,  formed  by  the  union 
of  the  Ncthe  and  Dylo  at  Rumpst,  joins  the  Scheldt  8  miles 
S.W.  of  Antwerp. 

Rupelmonae,  rii'pSrmixd'  or  rii^p^l-min'd^h,  a  town 
of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanders,  on  the  Scheldt,  opposite  the 
influx  of  the  Rupel,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  2809. 

Ru'pert,  a  post-village  in  Montour  township,  Columbia 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  7^  miles  E.  of  Dan- 
ville. It  is  on  the  Catawissa  division  of  the  Philadelphia 
&  Reading  Railroad,  and  on  the  Lackawanna  &  Blooms- 
burg  Railroad.  It  has  1  or  2  flouring-mills,  a  paint-mill, 
and  a  keg-factory. 

Rupert,  a  post-villago  in  Rupert  township,  Bennington 
CO.,  Vt.,  on  the  Rensselaer  &,  Saratoga  Railroad,  7i  miles 
N.E.  of  Salem,  N.Y.,  and  about  28  miles  N.  of  Bennington. 
It  has  a  money-order  post-office,  2  churches,  and  a  cheese- 
factory.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1017. 
I  Ro'pert  River«  a  river  of  Canada,  issues  from  the 


W.  extremity  of  Lake  Mistassini,  and,  after  a  W.  ooursn 
of  about  300  miles,  falls  into  James's  Bay. 

Ruppcrsdorf,  roOp'pvrs-doRf,  or  Ruprechtsdorf, 
roo'prdKts-doitr,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  on  the  iSteiuo,  6 
miles  from  Braunau.     Pop.  1247. 

Ruppersdorf,  or  Ruprechtsdorf,  a  village  of  Bo- 
hemia, 24  miles  from  Oitschin.     Pop.  2140. 

Ruppcrsdorf,  Ilohcn,  ho'^n  ruou'pfrs-dour,  a  town 
of  Lower  Austria,  near  Uaunorsdurf.     Pop.  1308. 

Ruppin,  Neu,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Nku-Ruimmn. 

Rupununy,  riip-oo-noo'nee,  written  also  Rupouiiny, 
Riponuny,  or  Ripununy,  a  river  of  British  (juianu, 
and  the  principal  tributary  of  the  Essoquibo,  which  it  joitis 
about  200  miles  from  the  coast,  in  lat.  3°  N.,  Ion.  6S°  12' 
W.,  after  a  N.  course  of  260  miles. 

Rura,  a  river  of  Prussia.     See  Runn. 

Ru'ral,  a  post-office  of  Clarke  co.,  Ala. 

Rural,  a  post-office  of  Rock  Island  co.,  III. 

Rural,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  III.     Pop.  009. 

Rural,  a  post-hamlet  in  Washington  township,  Ran- 
dolph CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Richmond  &  Fort  Wayne 
Railroad.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Rural,  a  post-office  in  Rural  township,  Jcflcrson  co., 
Kansas,  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad  (Wiliiamstown 
Station),  9  miles  N.W.  of  Lawrence.  The  township  ii 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Kansas  River.     Pop.  824. 

Rural,  a  hamlet  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River, 
40  miles  above  Cincinnati.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  119. 

Rural,  n  post-village  in  Dayton  township,  Waupaca 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  a  small  lake,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Waup.aca,  and 
about  42  miles  N.W.  of  Oshkosh.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  plough-factory. 

Rural  Rower,  a  post-offico  of  Greenville  co.,  Va. 

Rural  Dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grundy  co..  Mo.,  9 
miles  E.  of  Trenton.     It  has  a  church. 

Rural  Dale,  a  post-hamlct  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.,  in 
Blue  Rock  township,  IS  miles  S.E.  of  Zancsville.  It  Las  3 
churches. 

Rural  Dale,  a  post-office  of  Upshur  co.,  W.  Va. 

Rural  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y., 
8  miles  S.E.  of  Palatine  Bridge.     It  has  2  churches. 

Rural  Hall,  a  post-hamlct  of  Forsyth  co.,  N.C.,  11 
miles  N.  of  Salom.  It  is  in  Bethany  township,  which  hai 
quarries  of  limestone. 

Rural  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  111. 

Rural  Hill,  a  post-hamlct  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
20  miles  S.W.  of  Watertown. 

Rural  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Wilson  co.,  Tenn. 

Rural  Rc'treat',  a  post-hamlet  of  Coles  co..  111.,  10. 
miles  N.  of  Charleston.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  seminary. 

Rural  Retreat,  a  post-village  of  Wythe  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad,  13  miles  S.W.  of 
Wythcville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  and  about 
40  families. 

Rural  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  about 
15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Rural  Shade,  a  post-hamlet  of  Navarro  co.,  Tex.,  23 
miles  E.  of  Corsicana.     It  has  a  church. 

Rural  Vale,  a  post-office  of  Whitfield  co.,  Ga.,  12  miles 
N.E.  of  Dalton. 

Rural  Vale,  a  post-office  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.,  about 
50  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Detroit. 

Rural  Vale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Tenn.,  13 
miles  from  Athens.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
cotton-gin. 

Rural  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa.,  12 
miles  E.  of  Kittanning,  and  about  44  miles  N.E.  of  Pitts 
burg.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  and  2  wagon-shops. 
Pop.  about  300. 

Rurcmonde,  Netherlands.    See  R«ermond. 

Ruric  (or  Rurick,  roo'rik)  Isles,  a  group  in  tli« 
Pacific  Ocean,  Palliser  Islands,  between  lat.  15°  10'  and  15' 
30'  S.,  Ion.  about  151°  E. 

Rus,  roos,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  25  miles  N.E. 
of  Jacn,  with  remains  of  a  Moorish  castle.     Pop.  2400. 

Rusa,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Roosa. 

Rusagor'nis,  a  post-village  in  Sunbury  co..  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  Fredericton  Branch  Railway,  14  miles 
S.E.  of  Fredericton.     Pop.  200. 

Ruscomb  Manor,  township,  Berks  co.,  Pa.     P.  1408. 

Rusera,  Bengal.    See  Rowserah. 

Rush,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Dublin,  on  a  headland 
in  the  Irish  Sea,  14  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Dublin.     P.  1238. 

Rush,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  Indiana,  has 
an  area  of  414  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Blue 
River  and  Flat  Rock  Creek,  which  run  southwestward. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  partly  covered  with  for 


RUS 


2321 


RUS 


cats  of  the  oak,  ash,  ?ugar-maple,  <tc.  The  soil  is  uniformly 
fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  grass,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Cincinnati, 
Hamilton  <fc  Dayton  Kailroad,  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati, 
Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati, 
Cliiciigo  &  St.  Louis  Kailroad,  and  other  lines.  Capital, 
Kushville.     Pop.  in  1880,  10,238;  in  1890,  19,034. 

Rush,  a  county  in  the  W,  central  part  of  Kansas,  has 
an  area  of  720  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Walnut 
Crock,  an  affluent  of  the  Arkansas  River.  The  surface  is 
an  undulating  j)Iain  nearly  destitute  of  timber.  Magncsian 
liiiiestoiie  of  a  superior  quality,  fire-  and  potters-'clay,  and 
shcllrock  limestone  are  found  here.  Capital,  La  Crosse. 
I'on.  in  1880,  5490;  in  1890,  5204. 

Rush)  a  (lost-office  of  Jo  Daviess  cc.  111.,  in  Rush  town- 
ship, 22  miles  E.  of  Galena.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1036. 

Rush,  Carter  co.,  Ky.     See  Geigeusville. 

Rush,  or  East  Rush,  a  post- village  in  Rush  township, 
Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Iloneoye  Creek,  about  12  miles  S.  of 
Rochester.  It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill.  Here  is 
Rush  Post-Office.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by 
the  Genesee  River,  and  intersected  by  the  Rochester  division 
of  the  Eric  Railroad  and  the  Auburn  Branch  of  the  Central 
ll;iilroad.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1699. 

Rush,  a  township  of  Champaign  co.,  0.  Pop.  1789.  It 
contains  Lewisburg. 

Rush,  a  township  of  Scioto  co.,  0,     Pop.  638. 

Rush,  a  post-township  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.,  about  34 
miles  S.  of  Canton.     It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  977. 

Rush,  a  township  of  Centre  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1963. 

Rush,  a  township  of  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  105. 

Rush,  a  township  of  Northumberland  co.,  Pa.     P.  1324. 

Rush,  a  township  of  Schuylkill  co.,  P.i.     Pop.  2291. 

Rush,  a  post-villiigo  in  Rush  township,  Susquehanna 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  Wyalusing  Creek,  36  miles  N.W.  of  Scranton. 
The  township  has  6  churches,  and  a  pop.  of  1418. 

Rush  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Ky. 

Itush  Centre,  a  post-haralet  of  Rush  co.,  Kansas,  on 
Walnut  Creek,  25  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lamed.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Rush  City,  a  post-village  in  Rusheba  township,  Chi- 
sago CO.,  Minn.,  on  Rush  Lake,  and  on  the  St.  Paul  <t 
Duluth  Railroad,  54  miles  N.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  a  news- 
paper office,  4  churches,  and  a  money-order  post-office. 
Pop.  in  1890,  707. 

Rush  Creek,  Fairfield  co.,  0.,  runs  southward,  and 
enters  the  Hocking  River  about  8  miles  below  Lancaster. 

Rush  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  in  Logan  co.,  runs  eastward 
in  Union  co.,  and  enters  the  Scioto  River  in  Marion  co. 

Rush  Creek,  a  township  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.  Pop.  1752. 
It  contains  Rremen. 

Rush  Creek,  a  township  of  Logan  co.,  0.  Pop.  2044. 
It  contains  Rushsylvania. 

Rush  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  0. 

Rush  Creek  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington 
CO.,  Ind.,  about  10  miles  N.  of  Salem.     It  has  2  churches. 

Rush'eba,  a  township  of  Chisago  co.,  Minn.  Pop.  706. 
It  contains  Rush  City. 

Rush'ford,  a  post- village  in  Rushford  township,  Fill- 
more CO.,  Minn.,  on  Root  River,  and  on  the  Southern  Min- 
nesota Railro.ad,  35  miles  W.  of  La  Crosse,  and  about  20 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Winona.  It  has  2  banks,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  graded  school,  7  churches,  3  flouring-mills,  2  ma- 
chine-shops, a  foundry,  and  a  carriage-factory.  Pop.  1240 ; 
of  the  township,  986. 

Rushford,  a  post-village  in  Rushford  township,  Alle- 
[ghany  co.,  N.Y.,  about  50  miles  S.E.  of  Buffalo,  and  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Belmont.  It  contains  4  churches,  several 
mills,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  graded  school.  Pop.  543;  of 
the  township,  1516. 

Rushford,  a  township  of  Winnebago  co.,  Wis.     P.  2079. 

Rush  Four  Corners,  a  post-offico  of  Susquehanna 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  33  miles  N.W.  of  Scranton. 

Rush'ing's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Lauderdale  co..  Miss. 

Rush  Lake,  Wisconsin,  is  in  Winnebago  co.,  about  4 
miles  N.E.  of  Ripon.     It  is  nearly  5  miles  long. 

Rush  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Osceola  co.,  Iowa. 

Rush  Lake,  a  township  of  Palo  Alto  co.,  Iowa.  P.  163. 

Rush  Lake,  a  township  of  Otter  Tail  oc,  Minn.,  on  a 
lake  of  the  same  name.     Pop.  264. 

Rush  Lake,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Tooele 
CO.,  Utah. 

Rush  Lake,  a  station  in  AVinnebago  co..  Wis.,  is  at  the 
Junction  of  two  branches  of  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fc  St. 
Paul  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Berlin,  and  9  miles  S.W.  of 
Omro. 

Rush'more,  a  post-village  in  Dewald  township,  Nobles 


CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  Sioux  City  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  12  miles 
W.  of  Worthington.     It  has  3  stores,  an  elevator,  Ac. 

Rush  River,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  St.  Croix  co.,  runs 
southward  through  Pierce  co.,  and  enters  Lake  Pepin  at 
Maiden  Rock.     Length,  35  miles. 

Rush  River,  a  post-office  of  Sibley  co.,  Minn. 

Rush  River,  a  township  of  St.  Croix  co..  Wis.  P.  645. 

Rush  Run,  a  post-hamlet  in  AVarrcn  township,  Jeffer- 
son CO.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River  and  the  Cleveland  &  Pitts- 
burg Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of  Steubenville.     It  has  a  church. 

Rush's,  a  station  in  Darke  co.,  0.,  on  the  Dayton  <fc 
Union  Railroad,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Greenville. 

Rush^sylva'nia,  a  post-village  in  Rush  Creek  town- 
ship, Logan  CO.,  0.,  on  the  Cleveland,  Columbus,  Cincinnati 
&  Indiantjpolis  Railroad,  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bellefontaine. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  union  school,  2  banks,  and  a  flouring- 
mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  497. 

Rush  Tow'er,  a  post-hamlet  and  shipping-point  of 
Jefferson  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  38  miioa 
below  St.  Louis.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  plough-factory. 

Rush'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scioto  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Scioto  River  and  the  Ohio  Canal,  7  miles  N.  of  Portsmouth. 
It  has  a  Hour-mill. 

Rushtowu,  a  post-hamlct  in  Rush  township,  North- 
umberland CO.,  Pa.,  3  miles  S.S.W.  of  Danville. 

Rush'ville,  a  post-vill.agc,  capital  of  Schuyler  co.,  Ill,, 
in  Rushville  township,  about  11  miles  N.W.  of  Beardstown, 
and  50  miles  E.N.E.  of  Quincy.  It  is  the  S.  terminus  of 
the  Buda  <fc  Rushville  Br.anch  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  & 
Quincy  Railroad,  228  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  contains 
5  churches,  a  national  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  high 
school,  a  woollen-factory,  and  other  factories.  Coal  is  mined 
here.     Pop.  1539;  of  the  township,  3021. 

Rushville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Rush  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Rushville  township,  on  Flat  Rock  Creek,  39  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Indianapolis,  84  miles  N.W.  of  Cincinnati,  and  IS  miles 
W.  of  Connersville.  It  is  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  & 
Indianapolis  Railroad,  and  on  the  railroad  which  connects 
Cambridge  City  with  Columbus.  It  contains  a  fine  court- 
house, 4  churches,  2  national  banks,  a  graded  school,  2 
newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  furniture,  an(J 
lumber.     Pop.  in  1890,  3475;  of  the  township,  6101. 

Rushville,  a  post-village  in  Rush  township,  Buchanan 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  &  Council  Bluffs, 
Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph,  and  Chicago,  Rock  Island  <fe  Pa- 
cific Railroads,  16  miles  S.AV.  of  St.  Joseph,  and  5  miles 
N.E.  of  Atchison,  Kansas.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  341, 

Rushville,  a  post-village  of  Yates  and  Ontario  cos., 
N.Y.,  about  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Geneva.  It  contains  3 
churches,  an  academy,  a  union  school,  a  steam  flouring- 
mill,  a  foundry  with  machine-shop,  and  a  carriage-shop. 
Pop.  about  700.     The  post-offico  is  in  Yates  co. 

Rushville,  a  post-village  in  Richland  township,  Fair- 
field CO.,  0.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  Rush  Creek,  which  separates 
itfromAVest  Rushville,  about  35  miles  E.S.E.  of  Columbus. 
It  has  a  church  and  2  dry-goods  stores.     Pop.  221. 

Rushville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Susquehanna  co..  Pa.,  on 
AA'yalusing  Creek,  30  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Binghamton,  N.Y. 

Rushville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham  co.,  \'a.,  7 
miles  AV.  of  Harrisonburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Rushville,  a  post-office  of  Lewis  co.,  AV.  Va. 

Rusia,  a  country  of  Europe.    See  Russia. 

Rusk,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area  of 
about  930  square  miles.  It  is  partly  bounded  on  the  N.  by 
the  Sabine  River,  and  drained  by  the  Angelina  River.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  for- 
ests of  the  oak,  hickory,  pine,  and  other  trees.  It  has  many 
thousand  acres  of  woodland.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton, 
Indian  corn,  pork,  and  sweet  potatoes  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  intersected  by  the  International  <fc 
Great  Northern  Railroad,  a  branch  of  which  terminates  at 
Henderson,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  16,916;  in  1880, 
18,986;  in  1890,  18,569. 

Rusk,  a  post-hamlet  of  Surry  co.,  N.C.,  about  75  miles 
N.  of  Charlotte.     It  has  2  churches. 

Rusk,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Tenn. 

Rusk,  a  post-villiige,  capital  of  Cherokee  oo.,  Tex.,  25 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Palestine,  and  84  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Jef- 
ferson. It  has  a  court-house,  several  churches,  a  banking- 
house,  and  a  printing-office  which  issues  a  weekly  news- 
paper. It  is  the  seat  of  the  state  eastern  penitentiary  and 
the  state  sraelting-works,  and  produces  lumber,  cotton, 
bricks,  and  hides.  The  Rusk  Railroad  extends  lience  to 
Jacksonville,  16  miles  distant.     Pop.  in  1890,  1383. 

Rusk,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dunn  co.,  AA'is.,  on  the  AVest 
AViseonsin  Railroad,  4^  miles  E.  of  Menomonee  Station, 
and  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Menomonee. 


ROS 


2822 


RUS 


Kuska  Poyana,  rooa'kfih*  po^j&'nSh\  th«  highest 
•uinuiit  of  the  Giir|Hitliiikni,  in  the  S.K.  of  Hungury.  Lftt. 
45°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  22"  30'  E.     Height  »V09  foot. 

Iliiskoi,  a  town  of  European  Turkcjr.    See  KnitAX. 
Itiisra,  licngal.     Sco  ItuwsKiiAit. 
Uuss(«  TuCis,  ft  town  of  Uiist  I'rusaia,  near  the  mouth 
of  the  Niomon  in  the  Curischo-IIuff,  20  milea  N.W.  of 
TiUit.     Pop.  2135. 

Kiissa-StaroiTa  town  of  Russia.  SoeSrARAiA-RoossA. 
Uussdorrt  rOOsa'donf,  a  village  of    Baxo-Altonburg, 
near  Altcnburg.     I'op.  1931. 

lliissclbiirg,  Pennsylvania.    See  Ritssklubcro. 
Itiisisclliciin,    ruus'8(l-hituo\    or    Uussclshcim, 
rdu!i'»fls-liime\a  town  of  Ucrtnany,  in  Ilcsiio,  on  the  Main, 
13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Darmstadt.     Pop.  2379. 

Ktts'selUaoounty  inthe  E.  part  of  Alabama,  bordering 
on  Georgia,  has  an  area  uf  about  670  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Chattahoouhco  River,  and  also 
drained  by  Cowikee,  Uchoe,  and  Wctumpka  Creeks.  The 
surface  is  undulating  or  uneven,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is 
covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  sweet  potatoes  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  is  inter!>eeted  by  a  branch 
of  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia,  which  connects  with 
Scale,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  21,63« ;  in  1880,  24,837 ; 
in  ISOU,  24,093. 

Russell,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Kansas,  has  an 
area  of  000  square  niiloe.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Smoky 
Hill  Fork  of  Kansas  River  and  by  Saline  River,  and  is 
partly  drained  by  Paradise  Creek.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  the  Kansas  division  of  the  Union  Pacific 
Railroad.  Capital,  Russell.  Pop.  in  1870,  156;  in  1875, 
1052;  in  1880,  7351;  in  1890,  7333. 

Russell,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Kentucky,  has  an 
area  of  about  260  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  in  the  S. 
part  by  the  Cumberland  River.  The  Green  River  touches 
its  northern  extremity.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  nearly 
half  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  Indian  corn  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  Ca])ital,  Jamestown.  Pop.  in  1870, 
6809;  in  ISSO,  7591;  in  1890,  8136. 

Russell,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Virginia,  has  an 
area  of  about  453  square  miles.     It  is  intersected  from  E. 
to  W.  by  Clinch  River.     The  surface  is  diversified  with 
mountains  and  fertile  valleys,  and   mostly  covered   with 
forests  of  the  sugar-maple,  oak,  hickory,  and  other  trees. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  cattle,  and  butter  are  the  sta])le 
products.    Iron  ore  and  marble  are  said  to  be  found  in  this 
county.    Capital,  Lebiinon.    Pop.  in  1870, 11,103;  in  1880, 
13,90(5;  in  1890,  16,126. 
Rnssell,  White  co..  Ark.    See  Plants. 
Russell,  a  post-office  of  Costilla  co..  Col. 
Russell,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Lake  co..  111.,  on 
the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  47  miles  N. 
by  W.  of  Chicago. 

Russell,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co..  111.  Pop.  1181. 
It  contains  Russollvillc. 

Russell,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1246. 
Rnssell,  a  po?t- village  in  W.ashington  township,  Lucas 
CO.,  Iowa,  ou  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  7i 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Chariton.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  400. 
Russell,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Russell  co.,  Kansas, 
in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  on  the  Kansas  Pacific 
Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Bunker  Ilill,  and  77  miles  W.  of 
Salina.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  money-order  post- 
office,  a  graded  school,  and  2  churches.  Pop.  in  1890,  961 ; 
of  the  township,  1159. 

Rnssell,  a  post-office  of  Greenup  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Lex- 
ington A  Big  Saifdy  Railroad,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Ashland. 

Rnssell,  a  post-village  in  Russell  township,  Hampden 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Westfield  River,  and  on  the  Boston  A  Al- 
bany Railroad,  18  miles  W.N.W.  of  Springfield,  and  about 
16  miles  S.W.  of  Northampton.  It  has  2  churches  and  2 
paper-mills.     Pop.  of  the  township,  in  1890,  879. 

Russell,  a  township  of  Camden  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1141. 
Russell,  a  station  in  Howard  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri, 
Kansas  A  Texas  Railroad,  12  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Fayette. 
Here  is  a  coal-mine  which  employs  about  40  miners. 
Rnssell,  a  township  of  Macon  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1658. 
Russell,  a  post-village  in  Russell  toAvnship,  St.  Law- 
rence CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Grass  River,  12  miles  S.  of  Canton. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  butter-tubs, 
and  chccsc-boxes.     Iron  ore  is  found  in  the  township.  Pop. 
335;  of  the  township,  2417. 

Russell,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Geaaga  co.',  0., 
en  the  Chagrin  River,  22  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Cleveland.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  of  township,  805. 


Russell,  a  hamlet  and  station  of  Wayne  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Atlantic  A  Great  Western  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Clevuland,  Tuscarawas  Valley  A  Wheeling  Railroad,  2i 
miles  N.W.  of  Massillon,  and  21  miles  W.S.W.  of  Aknm. 
It  haa  a  spring-bed  factory,  a  church,  and  a  grist-mill. 
The  name  of  its  poBt-olFico  is  Amwoll. 

Russell,  a  township  of  Sheboygan  co..  Wis'.     Pop.  550. 

Russell,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Ontario.  Area, 
686  square  miles.  The  Ottawa  River  washes  its  N.  border. 
C\ipiUil,  L'Orignal.     Pop.  18,344. 

Russell,  or  Dunc'ansvillc,  or  Cas'tor,  a  post-vil- 
lago  in  Russell  co.,  Ontario,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Ottawa. 

Rnssell,  a  town  of  New  Zealand,  on  the  S.  shore  of 
the  Bay  of  Islands,  which  forms  an  excellent  harbor,  one 
of  the  most  capacious  in  the  world.  It  is  noted  as  a  jiort 
of  call  and  trans-shipment  for  whalers.  It  has  a  custom- 
house, 2  cliurclici",  a  bank,  and  a  mine  of  manganese. 

Russell  Cave,  a  post-offlcc  of  Fayette  co.,  Ky. 

Russell  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co.,  Tcnn. 

Russell  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Patrick  co.,  Va. 

Russell  (<np,  a  post-ofllco  of  Bosque  co.,  Tex. 

Russell  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Wyoming  co..  Pa.,  about 
25  miles  N.W.  of  Scranton. 

Russell  Place,  a  post-office  of  Kershaw  co.,  S.C. 

Rns'sellsburg,  or  Rus'selburg,  a  nost-viliago  in 
Pine  Grove  township,  Warren  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Conewungo 
Creek,  and  on  the  Dunkirk  A  Alleghany  A'allcy  Railroad,  8 
miles  N.  of  Warren.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  several 
lumber-mills,  and  a  drug-store.     Pop.  about  400. 

Russell's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Huron  co.,  0.,  2i 
miles  from  BcUevue.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  150. 

Russell's  Creek,  Kentucky,  runs  westward  through 
Adair  co.,  and  enters  Green  River  in  Green  co.,  about  3 
miles  below  Grcensburg. 

Russell's  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Shannon  co..  Mo.,  about 
36  miles  S.W.  of  Ironton. 

Russell's  IMills,  a  post-hamlot  of  Parke  co.,  InJ.,  on 
Mill  Creek,  27  miles  S.E.  of  Danville,  III.     It  has  a  niill. 

Russell's  Mills,  Lake  co.,  Mich.     Sec  Sijmmitvm.le. 

Russell's  Place,  a  post-village  in  Union  township, 
Lawrence  co.,  0.,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Huntington,  W.  Va.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  large  flouring-inill. 

Russell's  Station,  a  post-hamlct  of  Highland  co., 
0.,  on  the  Hillsborough  Branch  of  the  Marietta  A  Cincin- 
nati Railroad,  56  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Cincinaati.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  graded  school. 

Rus'sclltown,  a  post-village  in  Chateauguay  co., 
Quebec,  49  miles  S.W.  of  Montreal.     Pop.  100. 

Rns'sellvillc,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Ala.,  18 
miles  S.  of  Tuscumbia.  It  h.as  2  churches  and  the  Frank- 
lin Institute.     Pop.  in  1890,  920. 

Russellville,  a  post-village  of  Pope  co..  Ark.,  is  near 
the  Arkansas  River,  and  on  the  Little  Rock  A  Fort  Smith 
Railroad,  74  miles  W.N.W.  of  Little  Rock.  It  has  a  news- 
paper office,  4  churches,  and  a  chair-factory.     Pop.  1321. 

Russellville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Ga.,  24 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Macon.  It  has  2  churches  and  an 
academy. 

Russellville,  a  post-village  in  Russell  township,  Law- 
rence CO.,  111.,  on  the  Wabash,  10  miles  N.  of  Vinccnnei. 
It  has  a  church  and  2  flour-mills.     Poj).  311. 

Russellville,  a  post-village  in  Russell  township,  Put- 
nam CO.,  Ind.,  about  1 5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Crawfordsvillc.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  seminary. 

Russellville,  a  post-village,  capit.al  of  Logan  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Memphis  Branch  of  the  Louisville  A  Nashville  Rail- 
road, 29  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bowling  Green,  and  34  uiiies 
N.E.  of  Clarksville,  Tenn.  It  has  a  court-house,  5  churches, 
the  Logan  Female  College,  Bethel  College  (Baptist,  organ- 
ized in  1856),  a  national  bank,  2  other  banks,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  carriage-factory,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  tobacco-1'uo- 
tory.     Pop.  in  1880,  2058  ;  in  1890,  2253. 

Russellville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cole  co..  Mo.,  about  18 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Jefl^erson  City.  It  has  2  churches.   Pop.  OS. 

Russellville,  a  post-village  in  Jefferson  township, 
Brown  co.,  0.,  about  45  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cincinnati,  and  10 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Ripley.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded 
school,  and  a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  500. 

Russellville,  a  post-village  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  about 
48  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Philadelphia,  and  3  miles  from  Elk- 
view  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Russellville,  a  post-village  of  Hamblen  co.,  Tcnn.,  oik 
the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  A  Georgia  Railroad,  48  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Knosville.  It  hajB  1  or  2  churches.  Marble  i« 
found  near  this  place. 

Russellville,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co,,  W.  Va. 

Rnsselsheim,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  RusSELnEiif. 


RUS 


2323 


RUS 


Russia,  rfisb'e-a  or  roo'she-a  (Russ.  Poccifl,  Roait'i/n, 
ros-see'yi,  or  liussitja  (?) ;  Fr.  llusnie,  riis^sce' ;  Ger.  Russ- 
luuil,  roos'ldiitj  &^.  Runia,  roo'i-e-S,;  It.  Russia,  roos'se-i), 
fonneily  called  Muscovy,  mus'ko-ve,  is  tho  largest  state 
in  the  world,  comprising  the  whole  of  tho  N.  of  Eurojse 
and  Asia,  between  lat.  3S°  20'  and  78°  N.,  Ion.  17°  40'  and 
190°  E.  Surface  estimated  to  comprise  one-twenty-sixth 
of  the  supcrticios  of  the  globe,  one-seventh  of  its  land,  and 
more  than  double  the  extent  of  Europe,  the  total  area  being 
(as  shown  in  the  table)  8,352,940  square  miles;  coast-line, 
25,000miles.  It  is  but  thinly  peopled.  Pop.  (1870)  87,795,987. 
Capital,  St.  Petersburg.  It  is  usual  to  treat' of  tho  empire  as 
divided  into  Eurojiean  and  Asiatic  Russia,  although  these 
divisions  are  not  officially  recognized. 

European  Russia  extends  from  lat.  38°  20',  on  the  Caspian 
Sea,  to  Lapland,  in  70°  16'  N.,  and,  including  the  kingdom 
of  Poland,  from  Ion.  17°  40'  to  65°  E. ;  but  the  territories 
S.  of  tho  Caucasus  Mountains  and  E.  of  the  Ural  Moun- 
tains belong  strictly  to  the  continent  of  Asia.  It  is  bounded 
!•;.  by  Siberia  and  tho  Caspian  Sea,  S.  by  Persia,  the  Black 
Sea,  and  the  Ottoman  Empire,  W.  by  Austria,  Prussia,  the 
Baltic,  and  Sweden,  and  N.  by  Norway  and  tho  Arctic 
Ocean,  and  is  divided  into  60  governments,  besides  the 
grand  duchy  of  Finland  and  the  Caucasus  lieutenancy. 
The  surface  of  Russia  in  Europe  may  be  considered  as  one 
vast  plain,  enclosed  by  the  Ural  Mountains  on  the  E.,  the 
Caucasus  on  the  S.,  and  partly  by  the  Carpathians  on  the 
W.  It  opens  to  the  Caspian  Soft  on  the  S.E.  and  tho  level 
countries  of  North  Germany  on  the  W.  Throughout  its 
vast  extent  it  does  not  contain  a  single  mountain;  the 
highest  point  between  the  Baltic  and  the  Black  Sea,  near 
Kremenets,  is  1328  feet  above  the  ocean.  The  Baltic  prov- 
inces have  a  mean  elevation  of  1000  feet  above  the  sea. 
Tho  centre  of  the  country  is  occupied  by  a  dome-shaped 
elevation  traversed  by  tho  Valdai  llills,  the  average  height 
of  which  is  SOO  to  900  feet  and  the  summit  1100  feet  above 
tho  sea;  these  sink  rapidly  to  the  S.E.,  where  they  are  lost 
in  marshes.  Russia  is  traversed  by  the  largest  rivers  in 
Europe  ;  these  form  the  great  N.  and  S.  basins,  the  water- 
parting  between  which  is  marked,  not  by  mountains,  but  by 
slightly-undulating  ground  :  the  Baltic  receives  the  Tor- 
ne^,  Kern,  Ulcil,  Kumo,  Neva,  Narova,  DUna,  Niemen,  and 
Vistula  ;  the  Arctic  Ocean  receives  the  Paswig,  Kola,  and 
Petchora ;  tho  White  Sea  receives  the  Vig,  Onega,  Dwina, 
and  Mczon  ;  the  Black  Sea  receives  the  Danube,  Dniester, 
Dnieper,  Don,  and  Kooban :  tho  Cas])ian  Sea  tho  Ural, 
Volga,  Kooma,  and  Terek.  In  the  N.  of  Russia  there  arc 
numerous  and  extensive  lakes  :  the  chief  are  Lake  Ladoga, 
the  largest  in  Europe;  Lake  Onega,  in  the  government  of 
Olonets  ;  Lakes  Saima,  Payama,  and  Kolgis,  in  Finland ; 
Pei'iius,  between  the  governments  of  Revel,  Riga,  Pskov, 
and  St.  Petersburg ;  Ilmen,  in  the  government  of  Novgorod  ; 
and  Enara,  in  Laphind.  The  smaller  lakes  Bielo-Ozoro 
in  Novgorod  and  Koobinskoo  in  Vologda  are  important  for 
the  internal  navigation  of  the  empire.  The  most  valu- 
able of  tho  salt  lakes  is  Elton,  in  Saratov.  Among  the  nu- 
merous islands  belonging  to  the  empire,  the  chief  arc  tho 
group  of  Nova  Zembia  ("  new  land"),  in  the  Arctic  Ocean, 
the  archipelago  of  Spitzbergen,  which  is  claimed  by  Russia, 
and  Kalguev  and  Vaigats  Islands.  Geological  phenomena, 
confirmed  by  history  and  tradition,  warrant  the  conclusion 
that  a  great  portion  of  Central  Russia  was  under  the  sea  at 
a  comparatively  recent  period.  The  soil  comprises  every 
variety,  much  of  which  is  unfit  for  cultivation.  'The  vast 
region  of  the  tundras,  extending  from  lat.  64°  N.  to  the  N. 
co.ast,  is  a  swamp  in  summer,  and  is  covered  with  ice  for 
nine  months  in  the  year ;  it  produces  chiefly  moss,  but  in 
some  places  grasses  grow  finely.  S.W.  of  this  the  country, 
for  a  space  of  150,000  square  miles,  is  covered  with  forests 
of  pine,  larch,  and  birch.  The  Isthmus  of  Finland,  be- 
tween the  White  Sea  and  the  Gulfs  of  Finland  and  Bothnia, 
a  space  occupying  500  miles  in  length  and  400  in  breadth, 
is  covered  with  lakes  interspersed  with  rocks  and  sand-hills; 
while  in  the  S.E.  an  immense  desert,  called  a  steppe,  ex- 
tends between  tho  Ural  and  the  Volga,  estimated  to  contain 
330,000  square  miles  ;  a  portion  of  it  afl'ords  tolerable  pas- 
ture. E.  of  Ion.  45°  a  series  of  salt  lakes  occupy  a  hollow 
space,  which  probably  once  formed  a  portion  of  the  Caspian 
Sea.  This  steppe  is  exposed  to  the  greatest  extremes  of 
temperature ;  in  winter  the  thermometer  is  generally  15° 
and  sometimes  35°  below  zero,  while  in  summer  the  heat 
is  upwards  of  100°  Fahr.  From  its  vast  extent,  Russia 
has  a  great  diversity  of  climate.  The  plains  of  the  N.,  ex- 
posed to  the  winds  of  tho  Arctic  Ocean,  are  much  colder  than 
the  other  countries  of  Europe  in  corresponding  latitudes. 
The  whole  of  the  N.  coast,  from  lat.  66°  on  the  White  Sea 
B.E.  to  lat.  62°  N.  and  Ion.  59°  E.,  has  a  temperature  below 


zero,  and  the  surface  is  constantly  frozen.  Between  this 
frozen  space  and  lat.  58°  N.  tho  mean  temperature  variea 
from  32°  to  40°;  at  St.  Petersburg,  which  is  within  this 
space,  the  thermometer  in  December  and  January  sinks  to 
22°  below  zero,  while  in  summer  it  rises  to  85°  or  90°.  S. 
of  lat.  68°  the  mean  temperature  is  between  40°  anl  55°; 
the  winters  are  short  and  severe,  the  summers  long  and  hot. 
In  the  interior,  S.S.E.  and  S.  winds  prevail,  while  W.  and 
N.W.  winds  are  most  common  on  the  coasts.  Rain  is  most 
abundant  in  the  Baltic  provinces,  where  the  average  annual 
fall  is  15  to  20  inches.  'The  amount  and  frequency  decreaso 
in  proceeding  from  W.  to  E.,  and  during  the  long  summer  of 
the  S.  provinces  rain  very  seldom  falls.  Snow  falls  early 
in  winter;  the  average  number  of  days  in  the  year  on 
which  snow  falls  at  St.  Petersburg  is  40.  Russia  produces 
all  the  plants  common  to  the  other  countries  of  Europe. 
Grain  is  raised  more  than  necessary  for  consumption,  and  is 
exported,  although  agriculture  is  in  its  rudest  state.  Ryo 
is  the  chief  crop,  and  is  very  widely  grown;  the  cultiva- 
tion of  barley  extends  to  lat.  67°  and  oats  to  62°  N. ; 
wheat  is  grown  chiefly  in  the  Ukraine.  The  countries  of 
Central  Russia,  in  the  upper  basin  of  tho  Volga,  are  tho 
most  fertile  in  the  empire  ;  iind  its  middle  portion,  compris- 
ing the  governments  of  Nizhnee-Novgorod,  Penza,  Kazan, 
and  Simbeersk,  is  called  the  granary  of  Russia.  Hemp  and 
flax  are  grown  chiefly  on  the  Upper  Volga  ;  tobacco  is  cul- 
tivated ])rincipally  in  the  Ukraine  ;  grapes  are  grown  in 
the  Crimea  and  on  the  lower  courses  of  the  Don  and  Volga. 
The  forests  j'ield  valuable  produce,  and  building-timber, 
tar,  pitch,  and  potash  are  widely  exported.  Black  cattlo 
and  sheep  are  extensively  reared;  tallow  and  hides  are  ex- 
ported in  great  quantities;  sheepskins  form  tho  dress  of 
many  of  the  peasantry,  but  the  wool  is  of  inferior  quality. 
The  horses  of  the  S.  and  central  provinces  aro  large;  in  the 
N.  they  are  small ;  those  of  the  Cossack  tribes  are  capable 
of  enduring  great  fatigue.  Camels  aro  kept  in  large  herds 
by  the  nomadic  tribes  in  the  steppes,  and  dromedaries  In  the 
Crimea.  'The  bison  is  found  near  the  sources  of  the  Narew; 
the  reindeer  is  confined  to  the  region  N.  of  lat.  66°  N.;  the 
elk,  wild  swine,  deer,  and  haro  aro  found  in  tho  forests  of 
the  N. ;  and  the  fur-bearing  animals  are  actively  hunted. 
AVolves  and  bears  are  numerous.  In  addition  to  the  birds 
common  to  other  countries  of  Europe,  the  capercailzie  is 
found  in  the  N.,  and  the  pelican  in  the  S.,  on  the  shores  of 
tho  Black  and  Caspian  Seas ;  geese  and  ducks  abound  in 
the  lakes.  Fish  is  plentiful  in  the  rivers,  especially  in  the 
Volga  and  the  Ural,  and  in  the  White  Sea  and  the  Sea  of 
Azof.  In  the  Arctic  Ocean,  on  the  shores  of  Nova  Zeu)bla, 
the  whale  and  seal  are  fished.  The  E.  part  of  Russia  is 
rich  in  minerals  ;  the  two  governments  of  Orcnboorg  and 
Perm,  and  especially  the  latter,  have  numerous  mines  of 
gold,  platinum,  and  copper;  silver  does  not  occur  in  Eu- 
ropean Russia;  iron  abounds  in  the  S.  provinces.  In  the 
mining  districts  of  the  Ural  the  population  is  flourishing 
and  industrious  ;  the  utmost  activity  is  manifested  ;  forests 
have  been  cleared,  marshes  drained,  and  tho  gorges  of 
mountains  have  been  filled  with  artificial  lakes,  water  being 
the  chief  motive-power.  Salt  is  extensively  made  in  the 
governments  of  Perm  and  Viatka,  and  in  the  W.,  S.  of  Lake 
Ilnien.  Lignite  and  brown  coal  occur  in  the  Crimea  and 
on  the  W.  of  the  Ural  Mountains  ;  the  coal-field  on  the 
Donets  is  estimated  at  100  miles  long  and  several  foet  deep. 
Coal-beds  of  immense  extent  were  discovered  in  the  gov- 
ernment of  Moscow  in  1844.  Since  the  time  of  Peter  the 
Great,  the  progress  of  manufactures  has  been  most  rapid, 
and  the  improvement  of  their  products  has  been  commen- 
surate with  it.  'The  staple  manufactures  are  woollens,  silks, 
linens,  cottons,  metal  wares,  soap,  and  candles :  Ijesides 
which  there  are  manufactures  of  glass,  paper,  porcelain, 
arms,  jewelry,  and  morocco  leather.  Most  of  tho  articles 
used  by  the  peasantry  aro  made  in  the  villages,  one  of 
which  is  usually  devoted  to  a  single  branch  of  industry. 
In  the  kingdom  of  Poland  the  chief  manufactures  are  of 
woollens,  linens,  leather,  and  fur  goods.  Tho  commerce  of 
Russia  is  greatly  facilitated  by  its  numerous  navigable 
rivers  and  its  vast  and  excellent  system  of  canals,  by 
means  of  which  not  only  do  the  Baltic  and  tho  White  Sea 
communicate  with  the  Caspian  and  the  Black  Sea,  but  the 
groat  lakes  and  tho  principal  rivers  are  united  into  a  com- 
plete system  of  inland  navigation.  The  length  of  completed 
railroads  in  Russia  in  1885  was  16,165  miles,  principally 
connecting  the  ports  of  the  Baltic  and  Moscow  with  the 
Black  Sea  and  adjoining  continental  states.  Moscow  is 
the  centre  of  internal  commerce ;  and  the  chief  seaports 
are  St.  Petersburg,  with  Cronstadt  and  Riga  on  the  Baltic, 
Archangel  on  the  White  Sea,  Astrakhan  on  the  Casj)ian  Sea, 
and  Odessa  on  the  Black  Sea.     Exports  from  the  northern 


RUS 


2324 


RUS 


porU  comprise  flax,  timbor,  homp,  8oe<l8,  tallow,  wool,  tar, 
bristles,  CAble-yarn,  iron,  cotton,  isinglass,  bones,  linens, 
oil-dike,  sillc,  ^0. ;  imports,  cotton,  tea,  woollens,  iron,  uio- 
ohinory,  coals,  cofTce,  cochineal,  lead,  hardwares,  sodit,  tin, 
linens,  salt,  rice,  wine,  Ac.  K.\port8  from  the  southern 
ports  include  beef,  seeds,  grains,  tiillow,  wool,  &c.  ;  the  im- 
|)orts,  machinery,  tea,  oofTee,  iron,  coals,  cottons,  sugar, 
agricultural  iiuplomonts,  earthenware,  Ac.  The  govern- 
ment of  Russia  is  an  absolute  hereditary  monarchy.  All 
power  emanates  from  the  emperor,  or  czar,  who  is  the  head 
of  the  church  and  by  law  a  member  of  the  orthodo.x  Greek 
church.  All  rank  is  based  on  the  tenure  of  civil  or  military 
ofHce.  The  nobility  are  a  privileged  class  ;  they  have  great 
political  ]>ower,  and  possess  more  than  half  of  all  the  cul- 
tivated land  of  the  country,  but  they  have  suffered  a  heavy 
loss  by  the  recent  serf-emancipation.  The  established  re- 
ligion of  the  empire  is  the  Greco-Russian,  othcially  styled 
the  Orthodox  Catholic  faith.  The  emperor  ap]>oint8  to 
every  office  in  the  church.  There  are  in  Russia  60U  cathe- 
drals and  nearly  30,000  churches  of  the  establishment,  with 
70,000  secular  or  parochial  clergymen,  and  560  convents. 
The  total  number  of  the  clergy  of  all  orders  is  about 
255,000,  supported  mostly  by  their  own  flocks.  All  re- 
ligionists are  tolerated  except  the  Jews,  who  are  excluded 
from  Russia  proper.  There  are  upwards  of  4,000,000  Mo- 
hammedans in  Asiatic  Russia,  besides  Jews,  Shamanists, 
Rooddhists,  and  many  sectaries.  The  nearest  estimate  gives 
to  the  orthodox  Greek  faith  54,000,000  ;  Uoman  Catholics, 
7,000,000  (more  than  one-half  of  whom  are  in  the  Polish 
provinces) ;  Protestants,  over  4,000,000,  mostly  Lutherans, 
in  Finland  and  the  Baltic  provinces  ;  Jews,  2,345,000  ;  and 
about  900,000  Armenians.  Education  is  still  in  a  very 
backward  state,  although  great  efforts  have  been  made  to 
extend  it  of  late.  The  army  of  Russia  is  formed  of  the 
regular  troops  ond  the  feudal  militia  of  the  Cossacks,  Ac. 
The  actual  strength  of  the  armed  force  is  not  known.  The 
Russian  navy  consists  of  two  great  divisions,  the  fleet  of 
the  Ualtio  and  that  of  the  Rlack  Sea,  besides  a  few  steam- 
ers on  the  AVhite,  Caspian,  and  Aral  Seas  and  in  the  Pa- 
cific. About  29  vessels  are  iron-clad.  On  March  3,  1861,  an 
im|)erial  decree  was  passed  declaring  the  cmancipution  of 
the  serfs  throughout  the  empire.  This  went  into  full 
force  on  March  3, 1863,  and  the  owners  received  compensa- 
tion at  rates  varying  according  to  circumstances.  There 
were  22,000,000  serfs  belonging  to  private  owners,  besides 
22,225,000  crown  peasants,  men  and  women,  whose  eman- 
cipation was  accomplished  at  the  end  of  1863.  Ry  an  im- 
perial decree  of  the  same  year,  land  was  granted  to  the  freed 
serfs,  for  which  they  are  to  pay  rent  for  forty-nine  years, 
then  become  freehold  landholders.  A  great  part  of  the 
land  is  not  owned  by  individuals,  but  is  held  in  common  by 
the  nih;  or  people  of  the  commune  in  which  it  is  situated. 
The  more  important  political  subdivisions  are  the  govern- 
ments, replaced  in  the  newer  parts  of  the  empire  by  mili- 
tary districts  or  provinces.  These  are  arranged  in  the 
following  table  in  groups,  some  of  which  are  of  political 
signiQcanco,  such  as  Finland  (which  is  a  grand  duchy,  with 
its  own  government  and  laws),  and  Caucasus  (a  military 
lieutenancy,  with  a  distinct  administration).  In  other  cases 
the  group,  though  officially  named  (like  the  kingdom  of 
Poland),  has  hardly  more  than  a  nominal  existence  ;  while 
other  groups  are  conventionally  recognized,  but  have  no 
legal  status. 


GoTeiumenta. 


A.  Itiissia  In  Europe : 

Arcliangel 

Kalooga 

Koomk 

Kostruma 

Moscow 

Kizhnec-Novgorod., 

Movgurud 

Olonets. ~.. 

Orel 

Pskov 

Kiazan 

Smolensk 

Tambov 

Too  la ~..~c 

Tver ~... 

Vlatllmuer 

Vologda 

Voronezh 

Yar>Mlav 


Great  BumU 836,QQ1 


Area  in 
8q.  miles. 


280, 
H, 
17, 
30, 
12, 
18, 
47, 
69, 
IS, 
17, 
10, 
21, 
25, 
11, 
25, 
18, 

155, 
25, 
13, 


Pop.  (1883). 


318,429 
l,55<>,(il7 
2,120,250 
1,290,399 
2,101,854 
l,4:U.3.n 
1,144,852 

327,043 
l,91S,:i4z 

917,321 
1,737,459 
1,218,101 
2,519,  f^SO 
1,3(X),000 
1,040,083 
l,:l5i»,327 
1,172,253 
2,4W>,906 
1,095,036 


27,764,519 


OoTemmenta. 

Area  In 
■q.  ml  let. 

Pop.  (1883). 

Chernigov , 

Kharkov 

20,232 
27,475 
19,082 
19,U4U 

1,996,248 
2,2.-4,700 
2,492,112 
2,550,887 

Kiev „ 

PoltAva 

■  Little  IluMla 

80,420 

9,203,947 

80,340 
2.3,970 
47,<«1 
73,885 
14,708 
129,910 
00,198 
32,022 
19,109 
69,114 

790,880 
1,9'.)2,985 

Oulu 

1,79:1,2.56 
1,198,3(K) 

1,402,807 

2,593,420 
•/,3O5,40l 
2,134,872 
1,481,811 
2,774,138 

Sninai-a _ 

Viatka. _ 

640,983 

18,408,000 

PessarnMa 

CusHacks  of  too  Don 

18,297 
01,911 
27,475 
14,217 
24,538 
20,147 

1,309,075 
1,493,078 
1,902,109 

940  527 

South  Russia - 

172,685 

7,401,236 

14,901 
15,(;80 
34,710 
18,934 
10,558 
10,412 
17,439 
27,730 

1,250,883 
1,401,^01 
1,591,707 
1,170,495 
2,302,489 
1,223,203 
1,201,224 
2,096,476 

Podulia 

102,442 

12,304,066 

10,5.35 

7,187 

20,4.50 

20,759 

037,028 

1,18C,<J07 
1,018,614 

Baltic  Provinces. 

68,931 

3,818,586 

1,802,401 

78,590,591 

KalUz 

4,391 
3,02.3 
4,000 
11,975 
4,729 
4,200 
4,708 
6,536 
4,840 
6,022 

774,759 
643,029 
659,316 
882,016 
805,777 
538,141 
044, 8 J7 
C:»0,238 
003,174 
940,998 

Kieloe 

Lomxa 

]>lock 

Kadoui _ 

Sledlec _ 

Poland 

54,350 

7,083,475 

9,295 
10,498 
4,584 
8,818 
8,3:{3 
G;»,9;-14 
10,078 
10,023 

303,234 
270,948 
215,100 
171,8.36 
234,198 

Kylaiid _ 

St.  Michael 

223,429 

379,787 
317,889 

Finland 

144,183 

2,170,421 

B.  Cancasns: 

37,108 
27,020 
23,207 

1,107,922 

an,  893 

Terek 

015,000 

87,455 

2,301,475 

- 

15,092 
2,741 
11,521 
10,070 
5,070 
8,012 
1,020 
3,331 

509,992 
25,98.3 

629,271 

583  957 

Kam 

102.979 
8fi:i,195 
75,000 

Sakatal 

Sookboom. , - 

04,189 

RUS 


2325 


RUT 


GoTernmenta. 


Transcaucadia — Continued. 

Tillis 

yelisavetpol 


Transcaucasia... 


Caucasus., 


.  Russia  in  Asia: 

Anioor 

Iikootsli 

Primorsk 

Tobolsk 

Tomsk 

Trausbailculia 

Yakootsk 

Yeniseisk 


Siberia.. 


Akmolllnsk 

Amoo-Darya 

Fergliana 

Kooidja 

Oornlsk 

Semipalatinsli 

Scniiix'tcliiusk 

Sj-r-Darya  

Toorgiii 

Transrasiiian  Territories.. 
Zcraftiliau 


Central  Asia . 


Russia  in  Europe., 

Caucasus 

Russia  in  Asia 


Total 8,352,040    103,716,232 


Area  In 
sq.  miles. 


1.5,013 
17,114 


Pop.  (1883). 


726,685 
636,316 


4,173,378 


178,839       6,534,853 


173,.'')52 
309,177 
731,910 
6;Jl,9r.9 
329,<>21 
21(1,770 
1,517,003 
992,832 


4,820,287 


210,555 

39,974 

27,930 

27,389 

123,840 

188,291 

155,290 

165,996 

202,183 

12.-),795 

19,025 


1,280,874 


2,000,940 

178,830 

6,113,101 


40,.533 
398,873 
74,(K)0 
,283,168 
,134,748 
497,700 
243,443 
421,010 


4,093,535 


222,21 0 

ios.ooo 

525,332 
6:fS,H85 
08.5, 945 
i,109,542 
32t.,706 
2(M),000 
361,897 


5,237,3.';4 


87,850,490 
6,.'>34,8.53 
9,330,889 


Russia  in  Asia  embraces  Siberia,  or  the  whole  of  North 
Asia  E.  of  the  principal  crest  of  the  Ural  Mountains  and 
N.  of  the  chain  of  the  Altai  Mountains  and  the  river  Amoor, 
the  coast  regions  S.  of  that  river,  the  Kirghecz  Steppes,  and 
the  recently-acquired  territories  in  Toorkistan,  comprised 
between  lat.  40°  30'  and  78°  N.,  Ion.  50°  and  190°  E.  The 
dominant  people  of  Russia  are  of  the  Slavic  race,  to  which 
also  belong  the  Ruthcnians  and  Poles  of  the  S.W.  In  the 
N.  there  are  found  Finns,  Samoieds,  Karelians,  Vods,  Es- 
thonians,  and  other  Finnic  tribes,  not  of  the  proper  Indo- 
European  stock.  The  Tartar  element  is  strong  in  the 
Lower  Volga  region,  in  the  Crimea,  and  in  Asiatic  Russia. 
Other  remarkable  peoples  are  the  Letts,  Cures,  Samogitians, 
Ac,  of  the  southern  Baltic  region ;  the  numerous  tribes  of 
the  Caucasus  and  of  Siberia;  the  Armenians,  Georgians, 
and  Gypsies.  Of  the  many  languages  of  Russia,  the  Rus- 
sian proper  is  the  only  one  which  has  received  much  recent 
literary  cultivation, — the  policy  of  the  government  being  to 
repress  the  use  of  most  of  the  other  more  cultivated  tongues, 
like  the  Polish,  Georgian,  and  Malo-Russian  ;  but  unculti- 
vated languages,  such  as  the  Oozbek  and  IJashkecr,  are 
recognized,  and  their  study  is  encouraged,  for  the  purpose 
of  spreading  civilization.  The  foundation  of  the  Russian 
empire  was  laid  at  Novgorod  about  862  by  the  Rus,  or 
Varangians,  a  body  of  Scandinavians  led  by  Rurick,  whose 
descendants,  in  spite  of  continual  civil  wars  and  Tartar 
invasions,  for  700  years  occupied  the  throne.  In  the  twelfth, 
thirteenth,  and  fourteenth  centuries,  Russia  was  tributary 
to  the  Mongols,  who  greatly  oppressed  the  nation.  Ivan 
III.,  or  the  Great  (1462-1505),  and  Ivan  IV.,  the  Terrible 
(1538-84),  consolidated,  extended,  and  greatly  strengthened 
the  country.  Peter  the  Great  (1072-1725)  was  the  most 
distinguished  and  in  some  respects  by  far  the  ablest  ruler 
Russia  ever  had.  Important  events  of  more  recent  times 
were  the  dismemberments  of  Poland  (1772,  '93,  and  '95), 
of  which  the  greater  part  became  Russian  ;  the  wars  of 
Napoleon  and  the  burning  of  Moscow  (1812);  the  Crimean 
war  (1853-55);  the  vast  increase  in  area,  by  war  and 
treaty,  of  the  Asiatic  provinces  (1858-73);  the  abolition 
of  serfdom  (1861) ;  the  sale  of  Alaska  to  the  United  States 
(1867);  the  successful  Turkish  war  of  1877-78;  and  the 

Nihilist  troubles  of  1879. Adj.   Russian,   riish'un   or 

roo'shun  (Russ.  Ruskoi,  roos'koi;  feminine,  Ruskaya,  roos- 
ki'i ;  Fr.  Russe,  riiss ;  Gcr.  RussiscH,  roos'sish) ;  inhab. 
Russian,  and  Russ  (poetical)  (Russ.  Rossiyanin,  ros-see'- 
yi'neen;  Fr.  Rdsse;  Qer.  Rdsse,  r5os's§h). 


Russia,  rfish'e-g,,  or  Russia  Corners,  a  post-hamlet 
in  Russia  township,  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.,  5  miles  E.  of 
Trenton,  and  about  15  miles  N.E.  of  Utica.  It  has  1  or  2 
churches,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  cheese-factory.  The  township 
is  bounded  W.  by  West  Canada  Creek,  and  contains  villages 
named  Poland  and  Cold  Brook.     Pop.  of  township,  2055. 

Russia,  a  township  of  Lorain  co.,  0.  Pop.  4207.  It 
contains  Oberlin. 

Russia,  a  post-hnmlet  of  Shelby  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cleve- 
land, Columbus,  Cincinnati  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  13 
miles  W.  of  Sidney.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mil). 

Russian  (riiijh'un)  River,  Califoi'nia,  rises  in  the 
Coast  Range,  in  Mendocino  co.,  and  runs  southward  to  the 
middle  of  Sonoma  co.  It  finally  runs  westward,  and  enters 
the  Pacific  Ocean  about  30  miles  W.  of  Santa  Rosa.  It  is 
nearly  125  miles  long,  and  traverses  a  fertile  country. 

Russian  River,  a  station  on  the  North  Pacific  Coast 
Railroad,  76  miles  N.W.  of  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Russiaviiie,  rush'e-a-vil,  a  post-village  of  Howard 
CO.,  Ind.,  in  lloney  Creek  township,  on  the  Frankfort  & 
Kokomo  Railroad,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Kokomo.  It  has  a  flour- 
mill,  2  planing-mills,  a  saw-mill,  a  graded  school,  and  2 
churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  603. 

Russikon,  roos's?-k(?n,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  cantoq 
and  5  miles  S.  of  Zurich.     Pop.  1767. 

Russland,  a  country  of  Europe.    See  Russia. 

Russniaks,     See  Ruthenians. 

Russweil,  roos'\^il,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  9  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Lucerne.     Pop.  4219. 

Rust,  ro6st,  a  village  of  Baden,  near  the  Rhine,  18  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Offenburg.     Pop.  1735. 

Rust,  or  Rusth,  roosht,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  10 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Oedcnburg,  on  Lake  Neusiedl.     Pop.  1300. 

Rust'burg,  a  post-office  of  Campbell  co.,  Va.,  is  at 
Campbell  Couut-House. 

Rustchuk,  or  Rusczuk,  Bulgaria.    See  Roostchook. 

RustTord,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mecosta  co.,  Mich.,  6  miles 
E.  of  Morley.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Rus'tic,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  at  Drakcs- 
ville  Station  on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  «k  Western 
Railroad,  H  miles  from  Drakesville. 

Rus'tico,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co.,  Prince  Edward 
Island,  on  Rustico  Bay,  16  miles  from  Charlottetown.  It 
is  a  summer  resort,  and  one  of  the  chief  fishing-stiitions  on 
the  island,  but  its  harbor  is  shallow  and  unsafe.  It  con- 
tains a  bank,  a  grist-  and  carding-mill,  and  several  stores 
and  hotels.     Pop.  250. 

Rut^an',  a  post-ofiice  of  Greene  co.,  Pa. 

Rute,  roo'ti  (anc.  Arialdxmum  ?),  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince of  Cordova,  in  a  fine  valley,  7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lucena. 
Pop.  6345.  Agriculture  and  the  manufacture  of  linens, 
coarse  cloths,  and  sackcloths  are  carried  on,  and  there  are 
many  flour-mills,  oil-mills,  and  stills  for  brandy. 

Ru'tersville,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Tex.,  16 
miles  S.  of  Ledbetter  Station,  and  about  64  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Au.stin.     It  has  a  church  and  a  college  (Lutheran). 

Rutgers  College,  New  Jersey.    See  New  Brunswick. 

Ruth,  rooth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Texas  co..  Mo.,  20  miles 
S.W.  of  Salem.     It  has  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Riithcn,  rii't?n,  or  Ruden,  roo'd§n,  a  town  of  Prus- 
sia, in  Westphalia,  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Arnsberg.     P.  1700. 

Ruthc'nians,  or  Russ'niaks  (also  called  Red 
Russians),  a  Slavic  people  of  Poland,  Hungary,  Buko- 
wina,  and  Galicia,  speaking  a  language  of  their  own,  es- 
sentially  identical  with  that  of  the  Malo-Russi.ans,  or 
"  Little-  Russians,"  in  the  southwestern  governments  of 
Russia  proper.  Their  language  has  received  some  literary 
culture,  and  there  is  in  the  Roman  Catholic  church  a  special 
Ruthenian  rite.  The  Ruthenians  have  a  strong  national 
or  party  feeling,  and  in  Galicia  are  very  jealous  of  Polish 
influence. 

Rutherford,  rfiTn'^r-fgrd,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of 
North  Carolina,  borders  on  South  Carolina.  Area,  about 
498  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Broad  River. 
The  surface  is  mostly  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests,  in  which  the  oak,  chestnut,  and  hickory  are 
found.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  w'heat,  oats, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  In  this  county,  near  the 
Blue  Ridge,  is  a  remarkable  natural  curiosity,  called  Chim- 
ney Rock.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Carolina  Cen- 
tral and  Charleston,  Cincinnati  A  Chicago  Railroads,  both 
of  which  connect  with  Rutherford  ton,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  13,121  ;  in  1880,  15,198;  in  1890,  18,770. 

Rutherford,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee,  has  an 
area  of  about  580  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Stone 
River  and  other  small  streams.  The  surface  is  inoderatcly 
hilly  or  undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with 


RUT 


2S2S 


BUT 


(brMts  of  good  timbor,  inoluding  aah,  boeoh,  eedar,  hickory, 
elm,  cofTeo-troo,  oak,  and  walnut.  Tho  soil  is  fertile.  Cot- 
Ion,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  onttio,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Blue  limestono  (Silurian)  underlies  a  largo  part 
of  the  soil.  This  county  is  intersected  by  llie  Niishville, 
Chattanooga  A  St.  Louis  Kaiirond.  Capital,  Murfrees- 
borough.  Pop.  in  1870,  38,28»;  in  1880,  36,741;  in  1800, 
35,097. 

Rutherford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Napa  oo.,  Cat.,  on  the 
California  I'lioific  Railroad,  bi  inilos  N.  of  San  Francisco. 

Ktithcrford,  a  township  of  Martin  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1030. 

Rutherford,  npost-villago  in  Union  township,  Bergen 
eo.,  N.J.,  near  tho  Passaic  Ilivor,  on  the  Erie  Kailroad  and 
tho  Morris  A,  Essex  Railroad,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Jersey 
City,  and  7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Patcrson.  It  baa  5  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  a  planing-mill. 

Rutherford,  a  station  in  Dauphin  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Lebanon  Valley  Railroad,  44  miles  L.  of  Ilarrisburg. 

Rutlicrford,  a  post-village  in  Bothwell  co.,  Ontario, 
12  miles  N.W.  of  Thamesville.     Pop.  100. 

Rutherford  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Gibson  co., 
Tenn.,  on  tho  South  Fork  of  the  Obion  River,  and  on  the 
Mobile  <t  Ohio  Railroad,  39i  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Jackson. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  400. 

Rutherfordton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Rutherford 
CO.,  N.C.,  in  a  township  of  its  own  name,  78  miles  W.  by 
N.  of  Charlotte.  It  has  a  court-house,  4  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  leather  and  harness.  Pop.  479;  of  the 
township,  1097. 

Rutherglen,  riigM^n,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Lan- 
ark, on  the  Clyde,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Glasgow,  and  on  a  rail- 
way. Pop.  9456.  It  is  very  ancient,  Glasgow  having  been 
included  within  its  municipal  boundaries  in  tho  twelfth 
century.  Its  trade  on  the  river  has  been  absorbed  by  Glas- 
gow, and  the  inhabitants  arc  chiefly  employed  in  weaving 
muslins,  in  coal-mines,  and  in  print-  and  dye-works.  The 
burgh  unites  in  sending  one  member  to  Parliament. 

Ruth'er  Glen,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caroline  co.,  Va.,  on 
tho  Richmond,  Fredericksburg  <t  Potomac  Railroad,  29 
miles  N.  of  Richmond,     It  has  2  stores  and  3  residences. 

Ruthin,  Khuthyn,  or  Rhuddin,  roo'THln  (Welsh 
pron.  h'riTH'in,  the  "  red  fortress"),  a  borough  of  Wales,  on 
the  Clwyd,  co.  and  7  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  l)enbigh.  Pop. 
8716.  It  has  an  ancient  church,  formerly  collegiate,  a 
grammar-school,  a  hospital,  a  county  hall  and  jail,  a  town 
hall,  a  race-course,  and  a  beautiful  castle.  It  unites  with 
Denbigh,  Holt,  and  Wrexham  in  sending  one  member  to 
the  House  of  Commons. 

Ruth'ven,  a  post-village  of  Palo  Alto  co.,  Iowa,  on  a 
fine  lake,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <Sc  St.  Paul  Rail- 
road, 13  miles  E.  of  Spencer. 

Ruth'ven,  a  post-village  in  Esse.x  co.,  Ontario,  4  miles 
from  Leamington.     Pop.  150. 

Ruth'well,  a  village  and  parish  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Dumfries,  on  tho  Glasgow  <fc  Carlisle  Railway,  9i  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Dumfries.     Pop.  972. 

Riiti,  or  Riithy,  rii'tee,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton and  12  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Gall.     Pop.  1402. 

Riiti,  or  Riithy,  a  village  and  parish  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  15  miles  S.E.  of  Zurich.     Pop.  2122. 

Rutigliano,  roo-teol-yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Bari,  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Conversano.     Pop.  7042. 

Rut'la  m ,  a  town  of  India,  in  Gwalior,  48  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Oojein.     Lat.  23°  19'  N. ;  Ion.  75°  5'  E. 

Rut'lnnd,  or  Rutlandshire,  rat'land-shir,  the  small- 
est county  of  England,  bounded  on  the  S.K.  by  the  river 
Welland.  Area,  148  square  miles.  Pop.  22,073.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating  and  finely  diversified  with  parks.  The 
chief  towns  arc  Oakham  and  Uppingham.  It  sends  two 
members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Rut'land,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Vermont,  border- 
ing on  New  York,  has  an  area  of  about  903  square  miles. 
It  is  partly  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Lake  Charaplain,  and  is 
drained  by  Otter  Creek  and  Castleton,  Pawlot,  Tinmouth, 
and  Poultney  Rivers.  The  surface  is  finely  diversified 
with  mountains,  verdant  hills,  small  lakes,  and  fertile  val- 
leys. Among  its  prominent  features  is  Killington  Peak, 
4221  feet  high.  Forests  of  sugar-maple,  oak,  pine,  beech, 
elm,  and  other  trees  cover  a  large  part  of  the  surface.  The 
soil  is  adapted  to  pasturage  and  dairy-farming.  Hay,  but- 
ter, cheese,  wool,  potatoes,  oats,  lumber,  and  maple  sugar 
are  the  staple  products.  Thia  county  has  many  quarries 
of  fine  marble  and  slate.  Trenton  limestone  also  crops 
out  in  it.  Rutland  is  the  most  populous  county  in  the 
state.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad, 
tho  Bennington  &  Rutland  Railroad,  and  the  Delaware  & 
Hudson   Canal    Railroad,  which   centre   at   Rutland,   the 


capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  40,851;  in  18S0,  41,829;  in  1890, 
45,397. 

Rutland,  a  post-village  of  La  Salle  co.,  111.,  25  miles 
by  rail  8.  of  La  bnlle.  It  has  5  churches,  a  graded  iichuol, 
a  bank,  2  new8|)a|)er  offices,  and  manufauturcs  of  lumber, 
tiles,  and  furniture.     Pop.  in  1890,  509. 

Rutland,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rutland  township,  Hum- 
boldt CO.,  Iowa,  on  tho  West  Fork  of  the  Des  Moines  River, 
about  22  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Fort  Dodge,  and  6  miles  N.W. 
of  Dakota.    It  has  a  grist-mill.    Poji.  of  the  township,  2rii). 

Rutland,  a  township  of  Woodbury  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  75. 

Rutland,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  Kansas,  13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Independence.     Pop.  797. 

Rutland,  a  ])ost-hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  Ky.,  about  30 
miles  N.  of  Lexington. 

Rutland,  a  post-office  of  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md.,  on 
tho  Patuxent  River,  about  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Annn)>olls. 

Rutland,  a  post-village  in  Rutland  township,  Worces- 
ter CO.,  Mass.,  about  12  miles  N.W.  of  Worcester,  and  50 
miles  W.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufai'tures 
of  carriages,  baskets,  Ac.     Pop.  of  township  (1890),  980. 

Rutland,  a  township  of  Barry  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1092. 

Rutland,  a  ))ost-township  of  Martin  co.,  Minn.,  10 
miles  from  Winnebago  City.     Pop.  132. 

Rutland,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rutland  township,  Jefferson 
CO.,  N.Y.,  0  miles  E.  of  Watertown.  The  township  is  bounded 
N.W.  by  Black  River,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1849. 

Rutland,  a  post-village  in  Rutland  township,  Meigs 
CO.,  0.,  about  6  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Pomeroy,  and  20  miles 
N.  of  Gallipolis.  It  has  3  churches,  a  nursery,  and  a  car- 
riage-shop.    Pop.  about  200;  of  the  township,  2471. 

Rutland,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rutland  township,  Tioga 
CO.,  Pa.,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Elmira,  N.Y.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1157. 

Rutlaud,  a  flourishing  town,  the  capital  of  Rutland 
CO.,  Vt.,  is  pleasantly  situated  on  Otter  Creek,  in  a  township 
of  its  own  name,  68  miles  S.  of  Burlington,  about  55  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Montpelier,  24  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Whitehall,  and 
6  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Killington  Peak,  one  of  the  highest 
peaks  of  the  Green  Mountains.  It  is  on  the  Rutland  divi- 
sion of  the  Vermont  Central  Railrojid,  and  is  the  N.E.  ter- 
minus of  the  Rensselaer  &  Saratoga  Railroad.  Rutland 
is  the  second  town  of  the  state  in  population.  It  contains 
a  handsome  court-house,  a  town  hall,  3  first-class  hotels,  C 
churches,  the  Rutland  High  School,  a  military  school,  3 
national  banks,  the  capital  of  which  amounts  to  $1,000,000, 
and  printing-offices  which  issue  2  daily  and  2  or  3  weekly 
newspapers.  It  has  also  3  foundries,  with  machine-shops, 
and  manufactories  of  marble  monuments.  Large  quantities 
of  fine  white  marble  are  quarried  in  this  township,  at  West 
Rutland.  Marble,  wool,  butter,  cheese,  and  slate  are  the  chief 
articles  of  export.    Pop.  in  1 890,  8230  ;  of  township,  1 1,760. 

Rutland,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rutland  township,  Dane  co., 
AVis.,  3  miles  from  Brooklyn  Station,  about  14  miles  S.  of 
Madison,  and  1  mile  E.  of  the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern 
Railroad.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1057. 

Rutland  Island,  Ireland,  co.  of  Donegal,  is  imme- 
diately E.  of  North  Arran. 

Rutland  Island,  East  Indies,  an  island  in  the  Bay 
of  Bengal,  S.  of  Great  Andaman  Island. 

Rutlandshire,  England.     See  Rutland. 

Rutledge,  rut'lij,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Crenshaw 
CO.,  Ala.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Patsaliga  River,  about  48 
miles  S.  of  Montgomery.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  high 
school,  and  3  churches. 

Rutledge,  a  post-village  of  Morgan  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Georgia  Railroad,  59  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  2 
churches  and  several  stores.     Pop.  235. 

Rutlcdgc,  a  township  of  Do  Witt  co..  III.     Pop.  664. 

Rutledge,  a  village  in  Conewango  township,  Cattarau- 
gus CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Conewango  Creek,  IJ  miles  from  Cone- 
wango Station  of  the  Buffalo  &  Jamestown  Railroad,  and 
IS  miles  N.E.  of  Jamestown.  It  has  a  church,  a  cheese- 
factory,  and  3  stores.     Here  is  Conewango  Post-Office. 

Rutledge,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Grainger  co..  Tern., 
ia  near  the  base  of  Clinch  Mountain,  about  25  miles  N.E. 
of  Knoxville,  and  4  or  5  miles  N.W.  of  the  Holston  River. 
It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  107. 

Rut^nagher'ry,  or  Ratnageri,  riit'na-ghir'ree,  a 
district  of  India,  presidency  of  Bombay,  Concan  division,  on 
the  W.  coast.  Lat.  15°  44'-18°  6'  N. ;  Ion.  73°  6'-73°  58' 
E.  Area,  3789  square  miles.  Capital,  Rutnaghcrry.  Pop. 
1,019,136. 

Rutnagherry,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  Rutnaghcrry 
district,  on  tho  Malabar  coast,  140  miles  S.  of  Bombay. 
Pop.  10,614. 

RutHunpoor',  or  Ratanpnr,  rSt'iin-poor',  a  town 


RUV 


2327 


•RZI 


of  India,  Belaspoor  district.  Lat.  22°  21'  N. ;  Ion.  82°  25' 
E.  It  is  a  place  of  great  antiquity,  and  its  vicinity  abounds 
in  interesting  ruins.     Pop.  5111. 

Kuvo,  roo'vo,  a  walled  town  of  Italy,  province  and  21 
miles  W.  of  Bari.  Pop.  15,055.  It  has  a  cathedral  and  a 
diocesan  seminary. 

Ruvo,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Basilicata,  10  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Melfi.     Pop.  2762. 

Iluyen,  roi'^n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanders, 
20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ghent,  on  the  Scheldt.     Pop.  2400. 

Ruysbroeck,  rois'brSSk,  a  village  of  Belgium,  prov- 
ince of  Antwerp,  33  miles  S.S.W.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1730. 

Kuysselede,  rois'sSl-UMeh,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in 
West  Flanders,  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bruges,  Pop.  of  com- 
mune, 6968. 

Ruzafa,  roo-thi'fi,  a  village  of  Spain,  a  suburb  of 
Valencia.     Pop.  2470. 

Ryacotta,  ri-S.-kot'ti,  a  town  and  hill-fortress  of 
British  India,  presidency  of  Madras,  60  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Salem.     Lat.  12°  28'  N. ;  Ion.  78°  6'  E. 

Ryado,  roe-i'do,  a  post-office  of  Colfax  co.,  New  Me.^. 

Ry'an,  a  post-office  of  Rush  co.,  Kansas, 

Ryan,  a  township  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.     Pop.  600. 

Ryan,  a  township  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  836. 

Ryan^  a  post-otHce  of  Kewaunee  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  Ke- 
waunee River,  22  miles  E.  of  Green  Bay, 

Ryan  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Cullmnn  co.,  Ala. 

Ryan,  Loch,  Scotland.    See  Loch  Rvan. 

Rybinsk,  rib-insk',  written  also  Rubinsk,  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  52  miles  N.W.  of  Yaroslav,  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Volga.  It  is  a  great  centre  of  the  inter- 
nal commerce  of  the  empire.  It  hits  a  fine  exchange,  2 
cathedrals,  many  other  churches,  a  large  conventual  build- 
ing, an  arsenal,  the  courts  of  justice,  extensive  bazaars, 
fine  residences,  a  theatre,  orphan  and  other  asylums,  hos- 
pitals, almshouses,  a  house  of  correction,  breweries,  dis- 
tilleries, salt-works,  oil-  and  other  mills,  soap-  and  candle- 
factories,  potteries,  <fec.     Pop.  15,047. 

Rybnik,  rib'nik,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  50  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Oppeln,  on  the  Ruda.      Pop.  3936, 

Ryckinan's  (rik'ra.anz)  Corners,  a  post-village  in 
Wentworth  co.,  Ontario,  3  miles  from  Hamilton.    Pop.  150. 

Ry'dal,  a  chapelry  of  England,  co.  of  Westmoreland,  on 
the  Leven,  2  miles  N.W.  of  Ambleside.  It  was  the  resi- 
dence of  the  poet  Wordsworth. 

Ryde,  rid,  a  town  and  watering-plnco  of  England,  on 
the  N.  coast  of  the  Islo  of  Wight,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Ports- 
mouth. It  has  a  handsome  main  street,  several  fine  mod- 
ern terraces  and  numerous  elegant  detached  residences,  a 
highly  ornamented  modern  Gothic  church,  a  theatre,  a 
museum,  an  art  academy,  assembly-rooms,  and  a  wooden 
pier  extending  into  the  sea,  at  which  steamers  land  pas- 
sengers at  all  states  of  the  tide.  It  is  connected  by  rail- 
way with  Ventnor.     Pop.  (1891)  10,952. 

Ry'der's,  a  station  in  Franklin  co..  Pa.,  on  the  South- 
ern Pennsylv.ania  Railroad,  4i  miles  N.  of  Mercersburg. 

Ry^droog',  or  Raidrug,  ri*droog',  a  town  of  India, 
district  and  31  miles  S.  of  BoUary.     Pop.  7734, 
i  Rydzyna,  the  Polish  name  of  Reise.n. 

Rye,  ri,  a  borough  and  cinque  port  of  England,  co.  of 

Sussex,  on  the  Rother,  about  2  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the 

English  Channel,  10  miles  by  rail  W.N.AV.  of  Hastings,  and 

I         62J  miles  E.S.E.  of  London.     Pop.  3871.     It  has  remains 

I         of  its  ancient  walls  and  gates,  a  large  cruciform  church, 

1         grammar-school,  town  hall  and  market-house,  a  castle  built 

'.         in  the  twelfth  century,  a  public  library,  and  a  small  theatre. 

The  town  stood  anciently  on  the  sea.     The  present  harbor 

i         admits  vessels  of  200  tons.     The  exports  are  wool,  corn, 

I         timber,  bark,  and  hops.     Imports,  coal  and  manufactured 

goods.      The    borough,  including   Winchelsea,  sends    one 

member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Rye,  rl,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.II.,  in  Rye 
township,  4  or  5  miles  S.  of  Portsmouth,  2  miles  from  Green- 
land Station,  and  about  1  mile  from  the  ocean.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  town  hall.  The  township  borders  on  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  and  contains  Rj'e  Beach,  a  fashionable 
watering-place.     Pop.  of  the  township,  in  1890,  978. 

Rye,  a  post-village  in  Rye  township,  Westchester  co., 
N.Y.,  on  Long  Island  Sound,  and  on  the  New  York  &  New 
Haven  Railroad,  24  miles  N.E.  of  New  York,  and  2  miles 
S.W.  of  Port  Chester.  It  contains  3  churches  and  the  Rye 
Female  Seminary,  Rye  Beach,  a  summer  resort,  is  in  this 
•township,  which  has  quarries  of  granite.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship (which  comprises  Port  Chester),  in  1890,  9477, 

Rye,  a  township  of  Perry  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  703, 

Rye  Beach,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Rre  township,  on  the  ocean,  about  6  miles  S.  of  Portsmouth, 


It  has  2  churches.  Here  is  a  fashionable  bathing-place, 
with  large  and  superior  hotels.  At  Rye  Beach  the  direct 
telegraph  cable  from  Great  Britain  comes  to  land. 

Rye  Cove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Va.,  37  miles 
AV.N.W.  of  Bristol,  Tenn.     It  has  1  or  2  churches, 

Ryegate,  a  borough  of  England,    See  Reicate, 

Ryegate,  ri'gate,  a  post-hamlet  in  Ryegate  township, 
Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  6i  miles  N.N.W.  of  AVells  River.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  granite-quarry.  The  township  is  on  the 
Connecticut  River  and  the  Passumpsic  Railroad,  South 
Ryegate  Station  -on  the  Montpelicr  &  Wells  River  Rail- 
road is  in  this  township.     Pop,  of  the  township,  935, 

Ryegate,  a  station  of  the  Passumpsic  Railroad,  4  miles 
N,  of  Wells  River,  Vt. 

Ryegate,  ri'gate,  or  Tecum'seh,  a  post-village  in 
Essex  CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  Great  Western  Railway,  8  miles 
from  AVindsor.     Pop.  200. 

Ryeghur,  a  town  of  India.    See  Rygiiur, 

Rye  Patch,  a  post-office  of  Humboldt  co.,  Nov.,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  118  miles  N.E.  of  Reno. 

Rycpoor,  a  state  of  India.    See  Raipoou. 

Ry'ersou's  Sta'tion,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co., 
Pa.,  about  50  miles  S.S.W,  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  flour-mill. 

Rye  Valley,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Baker 
CO.,  Oregon.     Gold  and  silver  are  found  here. 

Rye  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Smyth  co.,  Va. 

Ryeghur',  or  Rye'ghur',  called  also  Raigarh- 
Bargarh,  ri^giir'-bur^giir',  a  native  state  of  the  Central 
Provinces,  India,  whose  capital,  Ryghur,  is  50  miles  N.W, 
of  Sumbulpoor.     Area,  1486  square  miles.     Pop.  63,304. 

Ry'land,  a  station  in  Kenton  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Kentucky 
Central  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Covington. 

Ryland  Depot,  a  hamlet  of  Greenville  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Gaston  Branch  Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Hicksford. 

Rylsk,  or  Rilsk,  rilsk,  written  also  Riilsk,  a  town 
of  Russia,  government  and  62  miles  W.S.W.  of  Koorsk,  on 
the  Seim.    Pop.  9445.     It  has  numerous  churches. 

Rylstone,  rll'stgn,  or  Al'lan's  Mills,  a  post-village 
in  Northumberland  co.,  Ontario,  34  miles  from  Belleville. 

Rymanov,  or  Rymauow,  ri-mi-nov',  a  town  of 
Austrian  Galici.a,  15  miles  W.  of  Sanok.    Pop.  2829. 

Rymenham,  ri'm^n-him^  or  Rymenani,  (?)  a  vil- 
lage of  Belgium,  province  of  Antwerp,  5  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Mechlin.     Pop.  2100. 

Rynach,  a  village  of  Switzerland.    See  Reinacii. 

Rynd  Farm,  a  hamlet  of  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Titusville  <fc  Buffalo  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Oil 
City.     Oil  is  found  here. 

Ry'near,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fountain  co.,  Ind.,  in  Cain 
township,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  &  Western 
Railroad,  11  miles  E.  of  Covington.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Ry'nex's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schenectady  co., 
N.Y.,  8  miles  W.  of  Schenectady.     It  has  a  cheese-factory. 

Ryp,  or  Rijp,  rip,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
North  Holland,  13  miles  N,  of  Amsterdam.     Pop,  2021. 

Rypin,  ri'pin,  a  town  of  Poland,  province  and  39  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Plock,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Drewenz.  Pop. 
3417.     It  has  comb-,  leather-,  and  woollcn-cloth-factories, 

Rysbergen,or  Rijsbergen,  ris'bfinc'^n,  a  village  of 
the  Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Breda. 
Pop.  1567. 

Ryssel,  a  city  of  France.     See  Lille. 

Ryssen,  or  Rijssen,  ris'sen,  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  Overyssel,  23  miles  S.E.  of  Zwolle.     Pop.  3511. 

Ryswick,  Ryswyk,  or  Rijswijk,  riz'wik  (Dutch 
pron.  rice'wik),  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  South 
Holland,  2  miles  S.E.  of  the  Hague.  Pop.  2903.  It  gives 
name  to  the  famous  "  Peace  of  Ryswick,"  concluded  Sepr 
tember  20,  1697, 

Rytcha,  ritch'i,  one  of  the  eastern  branches  which  the 
Volga  throws  off  in  the  lower  part  of  its  course  before 
reaching  the  Caspian.  It  commences  about  24  miles  N. 
of  Astrakhan,  and  has  a  length  of  about  40  miles. 

Rzeczyca,  the  Polish  name  of  Retciiitsa. 

Rzeszow,  zhfish'ov,  or  Reszow,  r^s'sov,  a  town  of 
Austrian  Galicia,  on  the  Wislok,  43  miles  E,  of  Tarnow. 
Pop.  9142.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  a  gymnasium,  a  castle, 
and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  linens,  and  fine  jewelrj'. 

Rzhev,  Rjhev,  R'zhdv,  or  Rshev,  also  called 
Rschew-Wladimirow,  n'shev-vl4-dee-mee'rov,atown 
of  Russia,  government  and  74  miles  S.AV,  of  Tver,  on  the 
navigable  Volga,  which  divides  it  into  two  parts.  Pop. 
26,482.  It  has  numerous  churches,  salt-  and  corn-maga- 
zines, large  exports  of  provisions,  manufactures  of  candles, 
yarn,  and  dyes,  and  two  great  annual  fairs. 

BzimarzoWy  the  native  name  of  Bojusrstadt. 


SAA 


2828 


tJAB 


s. 


Saadohf  a  toTm  of  Arabia.    Se«  Sada. 

SnnI,  «AI,  a  mnrket-town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Soale,  6 
miles  E.S.K.  of  Ncustadt.     Top.  IOCS. 

Snalburg,  BAl'biSSuo,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Rensa- 
Schloiti.  30  niilcs  S.W,  of  Qora,  on  the  Saale.     Pop.  1200. 

Snale,  R&'l6h,  Saala,  sk'ih,  or  Salzburger,  s&lts'- 
b56Ro'9r,  a  river  of  Upper  Austria  imd  Unvaria,  flows 
N.W.,  and  joins  the  Sulcaoh  4  tniles  N.W.  of  Saltburg. 
Length,  70  miles. 

SnnlCf  or  Frankische  Saalc,  fr&n'kish-^h  s&'l^h 
(nno.  Sit'ln),  a  river  of  Germany,  in  Unvaria,  joins  the  Main 
at  Gemiinden,  after  a  S.W.  course  of  70  miles. 

Saale,  or  Sachsischo  Saalc,  s&K'sish-^h  8&'It;h,  or 
ThUringischeSaale^tii'ring-ish^fh  s&'l^h  (ano.  iS'((7<f), 
a  river  of  Bavaria,  rises  in  the  Fiehtel-Bcrg,  14  miles  S.W. 
of  llof,  flows  very  tortuously  N.  through  the  Saxon  duchies, 
Prussian  Saxony,  Anhalt,  Ac.,  and  joins  the  Elbe  18  miles 
S.E.  of  Magdeburg.  Total  course,  212  miles.  It  is  navi- 
gable for  largo  vessels  to  Halle. 

Saalfcid,  SiM'filt,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  government 
and  71  miles  S.W.  of  Konigsberg.     Pop.  2775. 

Saalfeld,  s&l'fdlt,  a  town  of  Saxe-Meiningcn,  on  the 
Saale,  41  miles  E.  of  Meiningen.  Lat.  50°  37'  N.;  Ion.  11° 
24'  E.  Pop.  6784.  It  has  an  old  castle,  with  manufactures 
of  woollen  cloth,  linen,  tobacco,  chiccory,  potash,  vinegar, 
gunpowder,  and  leather,  and  a  considerable  cattle-trade. 
Near  it  are  some  iron-mines.  Alt  Saalfeld,  &1t  sil'f^lt, 
is  a  village  on  the  Sanle,  immediately  opposite.     Pop.  428. 

Saalfclden,  sM'ffiPd^n,  a  town  of  Upper  Austria,  on 
the  Saale,  28  miles  S.S.W.  of  Salzburg.     Pop.  1045. 

Saalmiinster,  Germany.    See  SALMtlNSTER. 

Saaii,  a  river  of  Austria.    See  San. 

Saane,  si'n§h  (Fr.  Sarine,  si'roen'),  a  river  of  Swit- 
xcrland,  cantons  of  Born  and  Freyburg,  flows  N.,  and  joins 
the  Aar  10  miles  "W.N.W.  of  Bern.     Length,  65  miles. 

Saanen,  sft.'n?n  (Fr.  Gessenny,  zh6s'8(}h-ni'),  a  town  of 
Switzerland,  canton  and  32  miles  S.W.  of  Bern,  on  the 
Upper  Saane.     Pop.  3639. 

Saar,  siVa  (Fr.  Sarre,  saa),  a  river  which  rises  in 
France,  in  the  Vosges  Mountains,  and  pursues  a  N.  course 
of  120  miles  in  Alsace-Lorraine  and  Rhenish  Prussia,  join- 
ing the  Moselle  5  miles  S.W.  of  Treves. 

Saar,  si\r,  or  Zdiar,  zdce'an,  a  town  of  Moravia,  on 
the  Bohemian  frontier,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Iglau.     Pop.  3060. 

Saaralbcn,  sir'il'b^n  (Fr.  Swralbe,  sait'nilb'),  a  town 
of  Germany,  in  Lorraine,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Saar  and 
Albc,  9  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Saargcmund.  Pop.  2461. 
It  has  manufactures  of  snuff-boxes. 

Saarbriick,  sAa'briik,  or  Saarbriicken,  s^R'brU-k^n, 
a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  Treves,  on 
the  Saar.  Pop.  9041 ;  with  Sanct  Johann,  19,982.  It  has  a 
gymnasium  and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths.  Mines  of 
•iron  and  coal  are  extensively  worked  in  the  vicinity.  It 
was  founded  in  the  tenth  century,  was  given  to  the  church 
of  Metz  by  the  Emperor  Henry  III.,  and  subsequently  gov- 
erned by  its  own  counts  till  1380,  when  it  came  by  marriage 
into  the  family  of  Nassau.  It  was  afterwards  fortified,  and 
Buffered  much  by  war. 

Saarburg,  sAn'boono  (Fr.  Sarrebonrff,  sau'boou'),  a 
town  of  Germany,  Lorraine,  40  miles  E.  of  Nancy.     P.  3273. 

Saarburg,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  11  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Treves,  on  the  Saar.     Pop.  1866. 

Saardani,  Netherlands.    See  Zaaxdam. 

Saargemiind,  sia'gh^h-miint*  ( Fr.  Sarregueminet, 
jan^gh^h-meen'),  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Lorraine,  at  a 
railway  junction,  9  miles  S.  of  Sixarbrlick,  in  Prussia.  It 
h.as  manufactures  of  fine  pottery,  leather,  silks,  velvets, 
plushes,  nails,  lime,  <te.     Pop.  8466. 

Saar-Loais,  sia-loo'is  (Fr.  pron.  san-loo'ce'),  or 
Sarre»LoaiSf  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  30  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Treves,  on  the  Saar.  Pop.  6782.  It  was  founded 
by  Ijouis  XIV.,  strongly  fortified,  and  belonged  to  France 
till  1815.  It  forms  an  important  fortress,  and  has  manu- 
factures of  arms,  with  lead-  and  iron-mines  in  its  vicinity. 

Saarn,  s&nn,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  14  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Dusseldorf,  on  the  Ruhr.     Pop.  2958. 

Saar-Union,  or  Saar-Union  Bonqncnum,  san- 
ii'ne-Aji"'  bAs^'k^h-nAN"',  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  18 
miles  N.W.  of  Zabern,on  the  Saar.     Pop.  3793. 

Saarwellingen,  slu'^^l'ling-^n,  a  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  29  miles  S.S.E.  of  Treves.     Pop.  2256. 

Saatjp,  or  Saaz,  s&ts  (Bohemian,  Zatecx,  z4't2tch), 
Luczko«IooV:h'ko,  or  Borotinko,  bo-ro-tink'o,  a  town 


of  Bohemia,  on  tho  Egcr,  43  miles  W.N.W.  of  Prague. 
Pop.  8896.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  a  collcgiato 
church,  a  Capuchin  monastery, and  a  gymnasium,  with  a 
trade  in  wines  and  hops. 

Saba,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  MAnRD. 

Saba,  si'bi,  one  of  tho  Dutch  Wes^t  India  islnndfl,  18 
miles  N.W.  of  St.  Eustatius,  of  which  it  is  a  dcpendenov.  in 
lat.  17°  39'  N.,  Ion.  63°  19'  W.  Area,  15  square  uiilcs. 
Pop.  2002. 

Sabadell,  s&-b&-i)M',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  ami  10 
miles  N.  of  Barcelona,  on  the  Llobrcgat.  I'op.  I3,y;ii).  It 
has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  muslins,  and  paper. 

Sabnn'a  Creek,  a  post-ofiice  of  Comanche  co.,  Tex. 

Sabanilla,  s&-B&-neel'y&,  a  village  of  the  republic  of 
Colombia,  department  of  Bolivar,  near  the  mouth  of  the 
river  MagJalciia.  Lat.  10°  58'  N. ;  Ion.  75°  5'  W.  It  was 
formerly  a  place  of  some  importance,  but  the  business  of 
the  so-called  port  of  Sabanilla  is  now  mainly  carried  on  at 
Salgar  and  Barranquilla.  Its  houses  are  of  luud,  with 
thatched  roofs.     Pop.  500. 

Sabanjah,  s3,-b4n'j4,  a  town  and  small  lake  of  Asia 
Minor.  The  town  (anc.  Sojthon),  20  miles  E.  of  Ismocd,  is 
full  of  coffee-houses  and  stables,  with  about  500  houses  and 
2  mosques.  On  its  E.  side  is  the  lake,  an  oval  basin  about 
6  miles  in  length. 

Sabara,  si-bi'rl,  a  city  of  Brazil,  in  Minas-Ocracs,  on 
the  Rio  das  Velhas,  an  affluent  of  the  Sao  Francisco,  40 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Ouro  Preto.     Pop.  5000. 

Sabat,  the  ancient  name  of  Zkbkkd. 

Sabat'tus,  a  post-village  of  Androscoggin  co..  Me.,  on 
tho  Androscoggin  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  South  Lowiston. 
It  is  on  a  fine  lake  (Sabattus  Pond),  and  has  a  cotton-mill, 
2  woollen-mills,  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lunibei 
and  excelsior. 

Sabattus  Pond,  Androscoggin  co..  Me.,  lies  between 
Green  and  Wales  townships.     It  is  about  4  miles  long  and 

I  mile  wide.  The  Sabattus  River  issues  from  this  pond  and 
enters  the  Androscoggin  River. 

Sabaudia,  the  Latin  name  of  Savov. 

Snb'bath  Day  Point,  a  post-haralet  and  steamboat- 
landing  of  Warren  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Lake  George,  12  miles  W. 
of  Whitehall.     It  is  a  summer  resort. 

Sabbath  Rest,  a  post-hamlet  of  Blair  eo.,  Pa.,  1  mile 
from  Elizabeth  Furnace,  and  28  miles  N.E.  of  Altoona. 

Sabbio  di  Sopra,  sib'be-o  dee  so'pri,  and  Sabbio 
di  SottO,  sib'be-o  dee  sot'to,  two  contiguous  villages  of 
Italy,  in  Milan,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Brescia,  on  the  opposite 
sides  of  the  Chiese.     Pop.  1129. 

Sabbionetta,  sib-bc-o-ndt'ti,  a  town  of  Lombardy,  18 
miles  S.W.  of  Mantua.  Pop.  7058.  It  has  a  castle,  and 
was  the  capital  of  a  principality  given  by  Napoleon  to  his 
sister  Paulino  in  1806. 

Sab'bot  (or  Sab'ot)  Island,  also  called  Dover 
Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Goochland  co.,  Va.,  on  James 
River,  20  miles  above  Richmond.     It  has  a  mill. 

Sab'den,  a  village  of  England,  in  Lancashire,  4  miles 
N.W.  of  Burnley.     Pop.  1160. 

Sabermuttee,  sub'^r-mut'tee,  or  Sub^ermut'ty, 
written  also  Subbermattee  and  Saubbermuttee,  a 
river  of  India,  rises  in  the  Odeypoor  dominions,  flows  S.W. 
past  Ahmednuggur  and  Ahmedabad,  and  enters  the  head 
of  tho  Gulf  of  Cambay  by  a  wide  mouth,  15  miles  W.  of 
Cambay.     Total  course,  200  miles. 

Sabeth'a,  a  post-village  of  Nemaha  eo.,  Kansas,  on 
the  St.  Joseph  &  Denver  City  Railroad,  16  miles  E.  by  N. 
of  Seneca.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  and  manufactures 
of  ploughs,  wagons,  furniture,  and  cheese.    P.  (1890)  1368. 

Sabil'lasville,  or  Sabil'lisvillc,  a  po.-t-hamlet  of 
Frederick  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Western  Maryland  Railroad,  66 
miles  W.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  150. 

Sabi'na,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  0.,  in  Richland 
township,  on  the  Cincinnati  &  Muskingum  Valley  Railroad, 

II  miles  E.  by  N.  of  AVilmington.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  flour-mill,  a 
saw-mill,  <fcc.     Pop.  in  1890,  1080. 

Sabinal,  si-BC-nil',  a  hamlet  of  Socorro  co.,  New 
Mexico,  on  the  Rio  Grande.     It  has  a  church.  1  i 

Sabinal,  a  post-oflSce  of  Uvalde  co.,  Tex.  '    1 

Sabinal  Creek,  Texas,  rises  in  Bandera  co.,  runt 
southward  through  Uvalde  co.,  and  enters  tho  Rio  Frio. 

Sabinas,  si-nee'nis,  a  river  of  Mexico,  states  of  Coha- 
huila  and  New  Leon,  joins  tho  Rio  Grande.  On  it  is  the 
village  of  Sabinas. 


SAB 


2329 


SAC 


Sabine,  s4-been',  a  parish  in  the  W.  part  of  Louisiana, 
hns  an  area  of  about  1010  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  the  Sabine  River,  and  is  drained  in  the  N.E. 
central  part  by  San  Miguel  Bayou.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  forests.  In  the 
latter  many  varieties  of  trees  abound.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Many.  Pop. 
in  1870,  6456;  in  1880,  7344;  in  1890,  9390. 

Sabine,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Texas,  borders  on 
Louisiana.  Area,  about  580  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  Sabine  River,  and  is  drained  by  Patroon 
Creek.  Tlie  surface  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  in 
which  the  live-oak,  maple,  and  other  trees  abound.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Capital,  Hemphill.  Pop.  in  1870,  3256;  in  1880, 
4161;  in  1890,  4969. 

Sabine  (local  pron.  sa'bine),  a  poat-ofiBce  of  Marion  co., 
Ind.,  is  at  Sunnyside  Station  on  the  Indianapolis  &  St. 
Louis  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Indianapolis. 

Sabine  Lake,  an  expansion  of  Sabine  River,  forms 
part  of  the  boundary  between  Louisiana  and  Texas,  and  is 
about  5  miles  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  is  nearly  20 
miles  long  and  9  miles  wide. 

Sabine  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gregg  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Sabine  River,  and  on  the  International  &  Great  Northern 
Railroad,  at  Foote's  Station,  5  miles  S.S.W,  of  Longview. 
It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  planing-mill, 

Sabine  Pass,  or  Sabine  City,  a  post-village  of 
Jefferson  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Sabine  River,  about  66  miles  E.N.E.  of  Galveston. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  high  school.  Pop.  457.  Here  is  a 
fine  sea-beach. 

Sabine  River  rises  near  the  northern  boundary  of 
Texas,  by  several  streams  in  Collin  and  Hunt  cos.,  and  runs 
nearly  southeastward,  until  it  strikes  the  western  boundary 
of  Louisiana  (De  Soto  parish),  thence  southward,  forming 
the  boundary  between  Texas  and  Louisiana,  until  it  enters 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  through  Sabine  Lake.  Its  length  is 
estimated  at  500  miles.  It  is  navigable  for  small  steam- 
boats for  400  miles. 

Sabinetown,  si-been'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sabine 
CO.,  Tex.,  on  the  Sabine  River,  about  175  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Galveston.     It  has  a  church. 

Sabino,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Iseo. 

Sa'binsville,  a  post-village  of  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  in  Clymer 
township,  about  54  miles  N.  of  Look  Haven,  and  15  miles 
N.W.  of  Wellsborough.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  several  general 
stores,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Sabioncello,  si-be-on-chdl'lo  (ane.  Hil'lis),  a  penin- 
sula of  Dalmatia,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Ragusa,  extending  into 
the  Adriatic  between  the  islands  of  Curzola  and  Lesina. 
Length,  43  miles ;  average  breadth,  4  miles. 

Sabiote,  si-Be-o'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  35 
miles  N.E.  of  Jaen.     Pop.  3786. 

Sabis,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Sambre. 

Sabl6,  s&^bl4',  a  town  of  France,  in  Sarthe,  on  the 
Sarthe,  at  its  confluence  with  the  Erve,  32  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Le  Mans.  Pop.  5334,  who  manufacture  gloves,  and  trade 
in  marble,  quarried  in  the  vicinity. 

Sable,  sa'b'l,  a  township  of  Iosco  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  863. 

Sable  Island,  a  small  island  of  Nova  Scotia,  in  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  lying  90  miles  S.E.  of  Cape  Canso.  Lat. 
43°  69'  N. ;  Ion.  59°  47'  W.  It  is  narrow,  low,  and  sandy, 
about  25  miles  in  length,  and  has  been  the  scene  of  numer- 
ous shipwrecks.  The  island  has  2  light-houses,  with  fog- 
horns and  life-saving  stations.  It  produces  many  cran- 
berries. Cape  Sable  Island  is  off  the  S.W.  extremity  of 
Nova  Scotia.    See  also  Cape  Sable. 

Sable  River.    See  Au  Sable  and  Grand  Sable. 

Sables,  Les,  a  town  of  France.    See  Les  Sables. 
-    Sablonville,  si^blAnoVeel',  a  village  of  France,  form- 
i     ing  a  N.W.  suburb  of  Paris,  adjoining  the  new  fortifications. 

Sabludow,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Zabloodot. 

Saboe,  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Savoo. 

Sabor,  sI-bor',  a  river  of  Spain,  rising  in  Leon,  joins 
4he  Douro  on  the  right,  in  Portugal,     Length,  75  miles. 

Sabot  Island,  Virginia.    See  Sabbot  Island. 

Sabougia,  sa-boog'lg,,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calhoun  co., 
Miss.,  25  miles  E.  of  Grenada. 

Saboya,  the  Spanish  name  of  Savot. 

Sabrao,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Adenara. 

Sabres,  sib'r,  a  town  of  France,  in  Landes,  19  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Mont-de-Marsan.     Pop.  558. 

Sabrevois,  sib'rVwi.',  a  post-village  in  Iberville  co., 
Quebec,  8i  miles  from  St.  Johns.  It  has  a  French  College 
(Anglican).     Pop.  175. 

Sabridgeworthyor  Sawbridgeworth  (pron.  siips'- 
147 


worth),  a  hamlet  and  parish  of  England,  co.  and  lOi  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Hertford,  on  a  railway,  28i  miles  N.E.  of  Lon- 
don.     Pop.  2832. 

Sabrina,  or  Sabriana.    See  Severn. 

Sabrina,  si-bree'ni,  a  volcanic  island  of  the  Azores, 
thrown  up  in  1810  to  the  height  of  400  feet  above  the  sea, 
near  St.  Michael.     It  has  since  been  wholly  submerged. 

Sabrina  .^stuarium.    See  Bristol  Channel. 

Sabri'na  Land,  in  the  Antarctic  Ocean,  is  a  tract  of 
land  seen  by  Balleny  in  1839,  in  lat.  75°  S.,  lon.  117°  E. 

Sabugal,  sA-boo-gil',  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  23 
miles  S.E.  of  Braga.     Pop.  1650. 

Sabu'la,  a  post- village  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa,  in  Union 
township,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  20  miles  above 
Clinton.  By  railroad  it  is  42  miles  S.E.  of  Dubuque,  and 
18  miles  N.  of  Clinton.  It  is  on  the  Chicago,  Clinton  & 
Dubuque  Railroad,  and  is  the  E.  terminus  of  the  Sabula, 
Ackley  &  Dakota  Railroad.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  2 
banking-houses,  3  hotels,  2  churches,  a  high  school,  a  steam 
flour-mill,  2  planing-mills,  a  steam  lumber-mill,  and  manu- 
factories of  sash  and  doors.     Pop.  in  1890,  918. 

Sabula,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.,  in  Huston 
township,  about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Clearfield. 

Sabula  Junction,  a  station  of  the  Chicago,  Clinton 
(fc  Dubuque  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Sabula,  Ack- 
ley <fc  Dakota  Railroad,  16  miles  N.  of  Clinton,  Iowa. 

SSby,  si'bii,  Saebye,  or  S&bye,  si'bii'eh,  a  town  of 
Denmark,  in  Jutland,  at  the  mouth  of  a  small  river  of  its 
own  name  in  the  Cattegat.     Pop.  1344. 

Sabynina,  s3,-be-nee'nS.,  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
of  Koorsk,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bielgorod. 

Sabzawar,  sib-zi-war',  or  Subzawar,  sub-zil-war', 
a  fortified  town  of  Persia,  province  of  Khorassan,  65  miles 
W.  of  Nishapoor.     It  is  populous,  and  has  a  citadel. 

Sac,  sawk  (or  Big  Sac),  a  river  of  Missouri,  is  formed 
by  two  branches,  which  rise  in  Greene  and  Lawrence  cos. 
and  unite  in  Dade  co.  It  runs  northward  through  Cedar 
CO.,  and  enters  the  Osage  River  2  or  3  miles  above  Osceola. 
It  is  about  120  miles  long. 

Sac,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  Iowa,  has  an 
area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Boyer  and 
Coon  (or  Raccoon)  Rivers  and  their  affluents.  The  surface 
is  undulating.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats, 
and  grass  are  the  sta|ile  products.  The  greater  part  of 
this  county  is  prairie.  It  is  traversed  by  two  branches 
of  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad.  Capital,  Sac 
City.  Pop.  in  1870,  1411;  in  1875,  2873;  in  1880,  8774; 
in  1890,  14,522. 

Sac,  a  town.-ship  of  Sac  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  920. 

Sac,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn.,  3  miles  S.W. 
of  Blountville. 

Sacambhari,  a  town  of  India.     See  Sahber. 

Sacanda'ga  Park,  a  post-office  of  Fulton  co.,  N.Y., 
1  mile  S.  of  Northville. 

Sac  and  Fox  Agency,  a  post-office  of  the  former 
Sac  and  Fox  Indian  Reservation,  in  Oklahoma,  on  the  Deep 
Fork  of  Canadian  River,  40  miles  W.  of  Okmulkee. 

Sacapa,  Guatemala.     See  Zacapa. 

Sacapulas,  s&-kd-poo'l&s,  a  town  of  Central  America, 
state  and  110  miles  N.W.  of  Guatemala, 

Sacatecoluca,sa,-ki-t4-ko-loo'k3.,  a  town  of  San  Sal- 
vador,  on  the  low  coast  of  the  Pacific,  28  miles  S.E.  of  the 
city  of  San  Salvador,  .it  the  foot  of  a  volcano  of  its  own 
name,  remarkable  for  its  grottos  and  hot  springs.    Pop.  6000. 

Sacatepec,  si-ki-td.-pfik',  sometimes  written  Saca- 
tapeques  and  Zacatapeques,  a  town  of  Guatemala, 
capital  of  a  district  of  its  own  name,  stretching  along  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  W.  of  the  city  of  Guatemala.     Pop.  3000. 

Sacaton,  si-k4-ton',  a  trading-post  of  Pinal  co.,  Ari- 
zona, 90  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Prescott. 

Sacavem,  sd-ki-vfis»',  a  village  of  Portugal,  in  Es- 
tremadura,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  estuary  of  the  Tagus,  7 
miles  N.  of  Lisbon.     Pop.  2400. 

Sac  Bay,  Michigan.    See  Sack  Bav. 

Saccarappa,  or  Sacarappa,  Maine.  See  West- 
brook. 

Saccatoo,  Sackatoo,  Sackaton,  or  Sakatn,  s&k- 
kS.-too',  a  town  of  Africa,  capital  of  Saccatoo,  on  an  affluent 
of  the  Niger,  in  lat.  13°  N.,  lon.  6°  E.  It  is  enclosed  by 
lofty  walls  and  entered  by  12  gates.  In  its  centre  is  a 
large  square  with  a  royal  residence,  and  it  has  several 
mosques,  manufactures  of  blue  cloth,  and  trade  with  the 
countries  from  Ashantee  to  Tripoli.     Pop.  20,000. 

Saccatoo,  or  Sokoto,  a  kingdom  of  Africa,  having 
Gando  on  the  W.  and  Bornoo  on  the  E.  It  is  the  most  im- 
portant of  the  Houssa  kingdoms,  and  consists  in  part  of 
feudal  realms,  of  which  the  kingdom  of  Adamawa  is  the 


SAC 


2330 


SAC 


most  extensive.  Area,  108,500  aqoart)  miles.  CapiUl, 
SMoatoo.    Pop.  12,000,000. 

Sao  (sawk)  City,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Sao  oo., 
Iowa,  in  Jackson  townsbiii,  on  the  Raccoon  River,  at  the 
mouth  of  Cedar  Crook,  about  46  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Fort 
Dodge.  It  has  a  bank,  a  notrspapor  office,  8  churches,  a 
bigh  school,  and  »  flour-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  1240. 

SaccOt  sik'ko,  a  river  of  Italy,  flows  S.W.,  and  Joins 
the  Qarigliano  4  miles  S.  of  Frosinone.     Length,  40  miles. 

SaccOf  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Salerno,  6  miles  W. 
of  Diano.     Pop.  1800. 

Saccondco,  s&k-kon'dee,  a  small  maritime  province 
of  Upper  Guinea,  on  the  Gold  Coast,  W.  of  Abanta.  Besides 
its  capital,  Soocondee,  it  contains  several  villages. 

SacconeX)  e&k^ko^nSx',  Grkat  and  Little,  two  vil- 
lages forming  two  parishes  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  2 
miles  N.W.  of  Geneva.     Pop.  2504. 

Saccdon,  8&-thd-Dun',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
27  miles  S.E.  of  Guadalajara,  near  the  Tagus.  Pop.  1549. 
It  has  a  royal  palace,  barracks,  and  saline  baths. 

Saccram,  a  town  of  Toorkistan.     See  Sailiu. 

Sachore,  a  town  of  India.    See  Sanjors. 

Suchsa,  siK'si,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  48  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Erfurt,  at  the  foot  of  the  Ilarz.     Pop.  1334. 

Sachsen,  Germany.    See  Saxe,  and  Saxonv. 

Saclisen-Altenburg.    See  Saxe-Altk-vbuho. 

Sncliscn-Cobiirg'Gotha.  SeeSAXE-CoBuno-GoTBA. 

Saclisenlaiid,  Transylvania.    See  Saxonlaxd. 

Sachseii-Wcitnar.    See  Saxe-Weiuar. 

Sacile,  si-choe'lA,  a  town  of  Italy,  38  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Venice,  on  the  Livenza.     Pop.  6226. 

Sackatoo,  or  Sackatou,  Africa.    See  Saccatoo. 

Sack  Bay,  a  hamlet  and  township  of  Delta  co.,  Mich., 
on  a  bay  of  the  same  name  (a  small  inlet  of  Lake  Michigan), 
24  miles  S.E.  of  Esconaba.     Pop.  of  the  township,  216. 

Sack'ctt,  a  township  of  Sangamon  co..  III.     Pop.  698. 

Sack'ett's  Har'bor,  a  pleasant  post-village  of  Jef- 
ferson CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Ilounsfield  township,  on  a  bay  of  Lake 
Ontario,  at  the  mouth  of  Black  River,  10  miles  W.  of  Water- 
town.  It  has  a  good  and  safe  harbor,  which  is  easy  of 
access,  and  it  was  formerly  an  important  naval  station.  It 
has  gradually  declined  for  the  last  twenty  years,  but  it  is 
becoming  a  popular  summer  resort  on  account  of  its  fine 
scenery,  Ac.  It  is  44  miles  by  water  N.N.E.  of  Oswego, 
and  is  the  W.  terminus  of  a  railroad  which  connects  it  with 
Watertown.  It  contains  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  2 
good  hotels,  3  drug-stores,  9  other  stores,  and  the  Madison 
Barracks,  which  is  occupied  by  a  garrison.     P.  (1890)  787. 

Silckingen,  sSk'king-^n,  a  town  of  Baden,  circle  of 
Upper  Rhine,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Rhine,  here  crossed 
by  a  bridge,  51  miles  S.S.E.  of  Freiburg.     Pop.  3624. 

Sack'ville,  a  seaport  town  of  New  Brunswick,  West- 
moreland CO.,  at  the  head  of  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  and  on  the 
Intercolonial  Railway,  129  miles  from  St.  John,  and  147 
miles  from  Halifax.  It  is  the  seat  of  Mount  Allison  Col- 
lege (AVesleyan),  and  has  8  churches,  2  hotels,  a  tannery, 
several  mills  and  stores,  an  iron-foundry,  and  2  newspaper 
ofl5ccs.     Pop.  1500. 

Sackville*  a  village  in  Halifax  co..  Nova  Scotia,  12 
miles  from  Halifax.     Pop.  300. 

Sackville,  Ontario.    See  Colchester. 

Saco,  saw'ko,  a  city,  port  of  entry,  and  one  of  the  cap- 
itals of  York  CO.,  Me.,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  river  of  the 
same  name,  about  6  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  14  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Portland.  It  is  on  the  Eastern  Railroad,  and  is 
connected  by  a  bridge  with  Biddeford,  a  city  on  tho  oppo- 
site bank  of  tho  river.  It  is  also  on  the  Boston  &  Maine 
Railroad,  100  miles  from  Boston.  It  contains  7  churches, 
the  Saco  Athenaeum,  a  high  school,  a  public  library,  2 
national  banks,  2  savings-banks,  a  newspaper  office,  sev- 
eral large  cotton-factories,  machine-shops,  saw-mills,  manu- 
factories of  shoes,  &c.  The  river  hero  falls  more  than  40 
feet,  and  affords  excellent  water-power,  which  is  extensively 
employed.     Pop.  in  1880,  6389;  in  1890,  6075. 

Sacoman'go  River  rises  in  Warren  co.,  N.Y.,  and, 
winding  through  Hamilton  and  Fulton  cos.,  falls  into  the 
Hudson  River  about  15  miles  S.W.  of  Lake  George. 

Saconda'ga  River,  New  York,  rises  in  Piseco  Lake, 
in  Hamilton  co.,  and  runs  southeastward  to  Northampton, 
Fulton  CO.  It  next  runs  northeastward  through  Saratoga 
CO.,  and  enters  tho  Hudson  River  at  Hadley,  about  10  miles 
W.  of  Glens  Falls. 

Saco  River  rises  among  the  White  Mountains,  in  Coos 
CO.,  N.II.  It  runs  southeastward  into  Maine,  in  which  it 
drains  parts  of  Oxford  and  Cumberland  cos.  It  finally 
runs  southeastward  through  York  co.,  and  enters  the  At- 
lantic Ocean  6  or  7  miles  below  Biddeford.     It  is  nearly  175 


mile*  long.     It  has  a  fall  of  72  feet  near  the  S.  extremity 
of  Oxford  CO.,  Me. 

Saco  River  Station,  Maine.    See  Bar  Mills. 

Sacramento,  s&-kr&-men'to,  the  largest  river  of  Cal- 
ifornia, rises  in  Siskiyou  co.,  its  head-strcnm,  called  Pitt 
River,  being  the  outlet  of  Goose  Lake.  It  irrigates  part 
of  Lassen  co.,  from  which  it  runs  westward  through  the 
Sierra  Nev>Mla  into  Shasta  co.  Below  tho  town  of  Shasta 
it  flows  nearly  southward,  intersects  the  cos.  of  Tehama  nnd 
Colusa,  forms  the  W.  boundary  of  Sacramento  oo.,  and  en- 
ters Suisun  Bay  on  tho  boundary  between  Contra  Costa  and 
Solano  cos.  It  is  nearly  500  miles  long.  Tho  only  largo 
town  on  it  is  Sacramento  City.  In  the  lower  part  of  its  course 
it  traverses  a  fertile  plain  nearly  destitute  of  forests.  In 
some  places  it  is  bordered  by  extensive  marshes  overgrown 
with  title,  a  sort  of  bulrush.  Small  steamboats  can  ascend 
it  to  Red  Bluff,  more  than  250  miles.  The  San  Joaquin 
River  joins  the  Sacramento  a  few  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Sacramento,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Cal- 
ifornia, has  an  area  of  about  1010  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Sacramento  River,  and  is  also 
drained  by  the  American  and  Cosumne  Rivers.  The  San 
Joaquin  River  touches  the  S.W.  part  of  the  county.  The 
surface  is  generally  a  level  treeless  plain,  but  the  eastern 
part  is  occupied  by  low  hills  and  upland  prairies.  The 
Sacramento  River  is  bordered  by  an  expanse  of  tale  marsh, 
which  is  several  miles  wide  and  is  overgrown  with  a  species 
of  rush  or  reed  called  tule.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Barley, 
wool,  hay,  wheat,  butter,  fruits,  hops,  and  sweet  potatoes 
are  the  staple  products.  Groves  of  oak  are  di.stributed 
along  tho  banks  of  the  rivers.  Quarries  of  granite  have 
been  opened  in  this  county,  and  some  gold  has  been  found 
here.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad 
and  the  Central  Pacific  Riiilroad,  both  of  which  connect 
with  its  capital,  Sacramento,  which  is  also  the  capital  of 
the  state.  Pop.  in  1870,  26,830;  in  1880,  34,390;  in  1S90, 
40,339. 

Sacramento,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVhite  co..  III.,  on  the 
Springfield  division  of  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  24^ 
miles  S.  of  Fairfield.     It  has  a  church. 

Sacramento,  a  post-village  of  McLean  eo.,  Ky.,  about 
14  miles  N.E.  of  Madisonville.     It  has  4  stores.     Pop.  195. 

Sacramento,  a  post-office  of  Wright  co..  Mo. 

Sacramento,  a  post-village  of  Phelps  co.,  Neb.,  25 
miles  S.W.  of  Kearney  Junction.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
newspaper  office. 

Sacramento,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa., 
about  34  miles  N.N.E.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  a  flour-mill 
and  2  general  stores. 

Sacramento  City,  a  port  of  entry  and  important 
commercial  town,  the  capital  of  California  and  of  Sacra- 
mento CO.,  is  situated  on  the  left  bank  of  Sacramento  River, 
at  the  mouth  of  American  River,  in  the  midst  of  a  level 
and  fertile  country,  120  miles  by  water  N.E.  of  San  Fran- 
cisco, which  is  about  75  miles  distant  in  a  direct  line.  Mean 
temperature,  60°  Fahr.  Climate  dry  and  genial.  Lat.  38° 
34'  N. ;  Ion.  121°  26'  W.  It  is  regularly  laid  out,  the  street 
nearest  the  river  being  called  Front  street,  the  next  Second, 
and  so  on ;  these  arc  crossed  by  others  at  right  angles,  dis- 
tinguished by  the  letters  of  tho  alphabet.  The  direction  of 
the  latter  is  E.  and  AV.  The  principal  places  of  business  are 
near  the  Sacramento  River,  between  First  and  Sixth  streets 
and  between  H  and  L  streets.  Tho  houses  and  stores  in 
this  part  of  tho  city  are  mostly  built  of  brick.  In  other 
parts  the  dwellings  are  generally  adorned  with  fine  gar 
dens.  The  city  is  lighted  with  gas.  It  is  the  second  city 
in  the  sUite  in  respect  to  population  and  trade.  As  a  cen- 
tre of  commerce,  Sacramento  City  possesses  great  advan- 
tages. It  is  at  the  head  of  navigation  for  large  steamboats, 
and  is  accessible  for  steamers  and  sailing-vessels  at  all  sea- 
sons of  the  year;  while  not  only  the  Sacramento  River  it- 
self, but  its  important  afiluent  the  Feather  River,  is  navi- 
gable for  small  steamboats  far  above,  into  the  interior  of 
the  country.  These  advantages  have  rendered  this  town  the 
principal  entrepot  for  supplying  with  provisions  the  great 
mining-region  of  the  north.  It  has  also  an  extensive  trade 
with  the  great  central  valley  of  the  state,  the  inhabitants  of 
which  are  mostly  employed  in  agriculture.  The  principal 
buildings  are  the  state  capitol,  a  beautiful  structure,  built 
in  a  park  of  50  acres,  at  a  cost  of  $2,500,000,  an  edifice  for 
the  governor's  residence,  a  masonic  temple,  an  agricultural 
hall.  Turner  Hall,  and  an  Odd-Fellows'  Hall.  Sacramento 
City  contains  14  churches,  a  high  school,  a  female  college,  a 
normal  school,  a  Catholic  college,  the  state  library,  another 
public  library,  a  hospital,  2  orphan  asylums,  a  national 
bank,  and  several  savings-banks.  Two  or  3  daily  news- 
papers are  published  here.    This  city  has  smelting-  and 


SAC 


2331 


SAG 


r9flnin"--works  for  ores,  3  flouring-mills,  a  woollen-mill,  2 
potteries,  5  breweries,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  farm- 
implements,  furniture,  brandy,  machinery,  <tc.  It  is  on 
the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  which  connects  here  with  the 
California  Pacific  Railroad.  The  machine-shops  and  car- 
works  of  the  Central  Pacific,  located  here,  employ  about 
1200  men.  The  river  at  this  place  is  crossed  by  a  fine 
bridi'o.  This  city  is  protected  from  inundation  by  a  levee, 
constructed  in  1862.  It  has  a  semi-tropical  climate,  and  is 
noted  for  beautiful  gardens,  in  which  flowers  bloom  in  all 
seasons  of  the  year.  Steamers  ply  daily  between  this  port 
and  San  Francisco.  Founded  in  1849.  Pop.  in  1860, 
13,785;  in  1870,  16,283;  in  1880,  21,420;  in  1890,  26,886. 
Sa'cred  Heart,  a  post-township  of  Renville  co.,  Minn., 
on  the  Hastings  t  Dakota  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of  Granite 
falls.     Pop.  803. 

Sacred  Heart  Station,  a  post-ofiSce  and  mission- 
st;ition  of  the  Indian  Territory,  Pottawatomie  Nation. 

Sacrificios,  s5,-kre-fee'se-oco,  a  small  island  in  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  3  miles  S.  of  Vera  Cruz,  a  place  of  sacri- 
fice under  the  Aztecs.    It  has  some  remains  of  temples,  Ac. 
Sacrificios,  an  island  in  the  Pacific,  on  the  W.  coast 
of  Mexico,  i  mile  long.     Lat.  15°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  98°  6'  W. 
Sacrum  Flumen.    See  Tavignano. 
Sacrum  Promontorium.    See  Cape  St.  Vincent. 
Sacui,  Sacuhi,  s4-koo-ee',  or  Sussuhi,  soos-soo-ee', 
a  river  of  Brazil,  province  of  Minas-Geraes,  after  a  S.E. 
course  of  about  250  miles  joins  the  Doce.     It  is  navigable 
for  about  200  miles. 

Sada,  si'di,  or  Saadeh,  s8,'d?h,  a  walled  town  of 
Arabia,  in  Yemen,  145  miles  N.  of  Sana. 

Sada,  s&'d^,  or  Santa  Maria  de  Sada,  sin'ti  m^- 
rcc'i  di  si'Di,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  8  miles  E.  of 
Corunna,  on  the  Bay  of  Betanzos.     Pop.  2125. 

Sadaba,  si-Di'DS,,  or  Sadava,  sa-nl'vS,,  a  town  of 
S|)ain,  in  Aragon,  province  and  42  miles  N.W.  of  Sara- 
gossa,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Arva.     Pop.  1904. 

Sadalgi,  si-dil'jee,  a  town  of  India,  in  Belgaum.    Pop. 
6S63. 
Sadflo,  a  river  of  Portugal.     See  Saldao. 
Sadaquada,  sad*a-kwi'da,  or  Sau'quoit,  a  creek 
of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  enters  the  Mohawk  River  at  Whites- 
borough. 

Sadaw'ga,  a  post-village  of  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Whitingham  township,  near  the  Deerfield  River,  18  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Bennington.  It  has  a  church,  a  mineral  spring, 
and  some  manufactures. 

Sad'dleback,  a  mountain  in  Cumberland  co.,  England, 
4i  miles  N.E.  of  Keswick.     Elevation,  2787  feet. 

Saddleback,  an  island  in  Hudson  Strait,  in  British 
North  America. 

Sad'dlcback    Moun'tain,  in    Franklin    co.,   Mc. 
Height,  about  4000  feet. 
Saddle  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  S.D. 
Sad'dlehead  is  the  N.  extremity  of  Achill  Island. 
Saddle  Lake,  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.    See  Columbia. 
Saddle  Mountain,  Massachusetts,  is  in  Berkshire  co., 
about  4  miles  S.W.  of  North  Adams,  and  2  miles  N.  of 
Greylock,  itself  formerly  called  Saddle  Mountain.     It  is 
nearly  3500  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Saddle  Mountain,  a  peak  of  the  Adirondacks,  in 
Essex  CO.,  N.Y.     Altitude,  4536  feet  above  the  tide. 

Saddle  Peak,  a  mountain  of  Great  Andaman  Island, 
in  the  Bay  of  Bengal. 

Saddle  River,  of  New  Jersey,  falls  into  the  Passaic 
in  Hudson  co. 

Saddle  River,  a  post-village  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Hohokus  and  Washington  townships,  in  the  valley  of  Sad- 
dle River,  li  miles  from  Allendale  Station,  which  is  on  the 
Erie  Railroad.  It  has  3  churches,  a  woollen-mill,  a  foun- 
dry, and  a  manufactory  of  planes  and  other  tools. 

Saddler's  Creek,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C. 
Saddukeen,  s&d-doo-kd.n',  an  island  of  the  Sea  of 
Bab-el-Mandeb,  N.  of  Zeyla. 

Sadhaura,  sid-how'ra,  a  town  of  India,  district  and 
35  miles  E.  of  Umballah.  "  Pop.  11,198. 

Sadieville,  sa'de-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad.    Here  are  2  stpres. 

SadMersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Robertson  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  St.  Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  15  miles  N.W. 
of  Springfield.     It  has  3  stores. 

Sado,  si'do,  an   island  in  the  Sea  of  Japan,  W.  of 

Hondo.     Lat.   38°  20'  N. ;   Ion.    138°  30'  E.     Area,  720 

iquare  miles.     It  produces  gold  and  silver.     Pop.  103,098. 

Sadonsk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Zadonsk. 

Sado'rus,  or  Sodo'rus,  a  post-village  in  Sadorus 

township,  Champaign  co.,  111.,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  33 


miles  E.  by  N.  of  Decatur,  and  13  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Cham- 
paign. It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  and  2  elevators. 
Pop.  300  ;  of  the  township,  1458. 

Sadowa,  si-do'^i,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  8  miles  N.W. 
of  Koniggriitz.  Pop.  105.  It  gives  name  to  the  great 
Prussian  victory  of  July  3,  1866. 

Sadras,  s&-dris',  a  town  of  India,  near  the  mouth  of 
the  Palaur,  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Madras.  Lat.  12°  31'  N,; 
Ion.  80°  14'  E. 

Sadsbury,  sadz'b^r-?,  a  township  of  Chester  co..  Pa., 
is  intersected  by  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  and  contains 
Parkesburg,  Atglen,  and  Sadsburyville.     Pop.  749. 

Sadsbury,  a  township  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.     Pop.  894. 

Sadsbury,  a  township  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.   Pop.  1617. 

Sadsburyville,  sadz'b?r-Q-vil,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sads- 
bury township,  Chester  co..  Pa.,  1  mile  from  Pomeroy  Sta- 
tion, and  about  40  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  sev- 
eral churches  near  it,  and  2  jean-mills. 

Sa!bye,  a  town  of  Denmark.    See  Sabt. 

Saeed,  or  Said,  si-eed',  the  name  of  Upper  Egypt  in 
the  time  of  Aboolfeda.  It  was  applied  to  Egypt  S.  of  Old 
Cairo,  but  the  W.  half  of  the  region  is  now  called  Vostani. 

Saeef,  or  Saif,  a  town  of  Arabia.     See  Fautash. 

Sa;fvar-An,  sif'van-3,n,  a  river  of  Sweden,  laen  of 
Westerbotten,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  100  miles,  enters  the 
Gulf  of  Bothnia  10  miles  E.  of  Umea. 

Saigertown,  sa'gh§r-town,  or  Saegerstown,  sii'- 
gh^rz-tovvn,  a  post-borough  in  Woodcock  township,  Craw- 
ford CO.,  Pa.,  on  French  Creek,  and  on  the  Atlantic  &  Great 
Western  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Meadville.  It  has  3 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  lumber,  handles,  and 
staves.     Pop.  in  1890,  745. 

Saegersvil I e,  sa'gh^rz-vll,  a  post- village  in  Heidelberg 
township,  Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  on  Jordan  Creek,  1  mile  from 
Germansville  Station,  and  16  miles  N.W.  of  AUentown.  It 
has  a  church,  a  tannery,  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  800. 

Saelices,  si-i-lee'thfis,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
31  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cuenca.     Pop.  1694. 

S:cphus,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Flcmendosa. 

Sxtabicula,  the  ancient  name  of  Alcira. 

Ssetabis,  or  Sctabis.     See  San  Felipe  de  Jativa. 

Safed,  si-fW,  Safet,  si-f4t',  or  Safad  (anc.  Ja'pha), 
a  town  of  Palestine,  12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Tabarceyah.  An 
earthquake,  January  1,  1837,  destroyed  5000  of  its  popu- 
lation. The  town  has  cloth-weaving  and  dye-works,  and  is 
a  sacred  city  of  the  Jews,  who  have  here  a  noted  school. 
Pop.  5000. 

Safe  Har'bor,  a  post- village  in  Manor  township,  Lan- 
caster CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  at  the  mouth 
of  Conestoga  Creek,  and  on  the  Columbia  <fc  Port  Deposit 
Railroad,  10  miles  below  Columbia.  It  has  a  rolling-mill, 
an  iron-furnace,  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  woollen-factory, 
and  a  graded  school. 

Sattee,  Salfi,  slffee',  AzafG,  i'z&f fee\  or  Asfi,  is'- 
fee*  (anc.  Sofia?),  a  fortified  seaport  town  of  Morocco,  107 
miles  N.W.  of  the  city  of  Morocco.  Lat.  32°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  9° 
12'  W.  Pop.  12,000,  including  about  3000  Jews.  It  is  en- 
closed by  massive  walls,  and  has  a  palace,  and  near  it  is  a 
small  fort.  It  belonged  to  the  Portuguese  from  1508  till 
1641,  and  declined  with  the  rise  of  Mogadore. 

Saffelaere,  siffa-li'r^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  3200. 

Saf'fold,  a  post-offlce  of  Early  co.,  Ga. 

Saf'ford,  a  post-village  of  Graham  oo.,  Arizona,  in  the 
Pueblo  Viejo  valley,  on  the  Gila,  80  miles  N.E.  of  Tucson. 

Satford,  a  post-office  of  Chase  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Atchi- 
son, Topeka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad,  12  miles  AV.  of  Emporia. 

Saf'fron  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Breckenridge  co.,  Ky. 

Saf'fron-WaI'den,  a  town  of  England,  in  Essex,  49 
miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  London.  Pop.  9554.  It  is  built 
around  the  foot  of  a  tongue  of  land,  and  has  a  church, 
a  spacious  market-place,  a  town  hall,  a  grammar-school, 
numerous  charities,  some  commerce  in  malt,  barlej',  and 
cattle,  and  an  extensive  retail  trade.  Saffron  was  formerly 
raised  in  large  quantities  near  it,  whence  its  name, 

Safrou,  a  town  of  Morocco.    See  Sofkoo. 

Saga,  si'gi,  a  town  of  Japan,  in  the  island  of  Kioo- 
Sioo,  capital  of  tho  province  of  Fizen.  Lat.  33°  15'  N. ; 
Ion.  130°  18'  E.  Tho  town  is  traversed  by  many  brooks 
and  a  considerable  number  of  channels;  the  principal  of 
the  latter,  that  of  Sentonofutsi,  is  nearly  50  miles  long,  and, 
uniting  tho  Gulf  of  Simabara  with  the  Northern  Sea,  is  of 
great  importance  to  the  inland  commerce  of  Kioo-Sioo,  of 
which  Saga  is  the  centre.     Pop.  (1884)  25,022. 

Sagadahoc,  sag'a-da-hok',  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of 
Maine,  bordering  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  Area,  about  260 
8C[uare  miles.     It  is  intersected  by  the  Kennebec  River,  and 


SAO 


2332 


SAO 


it  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Androscoggin  River,  which 
enters  tlie  Kennebec,  6  milea  nbove  Bath.  The  latter  river 
Is  navigable  for  large  vessels  in  this  county,  which  has 
great  fncilities  for  navigation  and  the  finhurios.  Hay, 
potatoei,  lumber,  and  butter  are  among  the  staple  products. 
Xfany  of  the  inhnbitants  are  employed  in  the  tishcric.-*  and 
ship-building.  This  county  is  intcrscotud  by  the  Maine 
Central  Railroad  and  the  Knux  A  Lincoln  division  of  that 
road,  both  of  which  connect  at  IJath,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  18,803;  in  1880,  19,272;  in  1890,  19,452. 

Snsralin,  an  island  of  Asia.    See  Saghalix. 

8n;;nii,s&'g&n,  or  Zcgan,  ts&'g&n,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Silosiu,  48  miles  N.W.  of  Lie<jnitz,  on  tho  IJobcr,  and  on  the 
railway  from  Berlin  to  Glogau.  Pop,  10,583.  It  has  a 
gymnasium,  3  hospitals,  manufivoturos  of  woollen  and  linen 
fabrics,  printed  cottons,  sealing-wax,  and  glass-wares,  and  a 
trade  in  corn  and  cattle. 

Sagnn'ing,  a  hamlet  of  Bay  co.,  Mich.,  on  Saganing 
Crcelc,  and  on  the  Mackinaw  division  of  the  Michigan  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  25  miles  N.  of  Bay  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Sagard)  s&'gant,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  on 
the  island  of  Riigen,  23  miles  N.E.  of  Stralsund. 

Sag  llridge,  a  post-village  in  Lemont  township.  Cook 
00.,  III.,  on  the  Chicago  <!b  Alton  Railroad,  and  on  the  Illi- 
nois &,  Michigan  Canal,  22  miles  S.W,  of  Chicago.  It  has 
2  churches,  and  quarries  of  fine  limestone.    Pop.  about  450. 

Sage*  &&j,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Burnet  oo.,  Tex.,  52  miles 
N.W.  of  Austin. 

Sage  Creek,  Wyominpt,  runs  nearly  southwestward, 
and  enters  Orecn  River  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Sweetwater  co. 

Sage  Creek,  a  post-officeof  Sweetwater  co.,  Wyoming. 

Sagetown,  saj'tdwn,  or  Lynn,  a  post-village  in  Hen- 
derson CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Rail- 
road, at  the  junction  of  two  branches,  yj  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Burlington,  Iowa,  and  6  miles  S.  of  Oquawka.  It  has  1  or 
2  drug-stores,  a  distillery,  and  2  churches.     Pop.  600. 

Sagevillc,  saj'vTI,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa, 
in  Peru  township,  5  miles  N.N.W.  of  Dubuque. 

Sageville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hamilton  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Lake  Pleasant  township,  on  Lake  Pleasant,  51)  miles 
N.E.  of  Utica.     It  has  a  church  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Sagg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  near  the  ocean, 
2  miles  from  Bridgehampton.     It  has  a  store. 

Saghalin,  Saghalicn,  Sagalin,  si-gil-1ccn'  (writ- 
ten also  Saklialien),  Tarakai,  or  Tarrakai,  iLvL- 
kV,  a  long  and  narrow  inland  off  the  E.  coast  of  Asia, 
between  hit.  40°  and  54°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  141°  50'  and  144° 
E.,  separated  from  the  mainland  by  the  (Julf  of  Tartary 
or  Saghalin,  and  S.  from  Yesso  by  the  Strait  of  La  Pe- 
rousc.  It  belongs  to  Russia.  It  is  514  miles  long,  and 
from  17  to  78  miles  across.  Estimated  area,  47,500  square 
miles.  It  is  mostly  covered  with  low  mountains  forest- 
clad,  and  with  many  small  lakes,  and  is  rich  in  excellent 
lignitic  coal.  The  climate  is  very  severe.  Its  inhabitants 
subsist  mostly  by  fishing  and  fur-hunting.     Pop.  13,000. 

Saghalin-Oola,or  Saghalien-Oola,sil-gl-leen'- 
oo'li,  a  town  of  Manchooria,  generally  considered  its  capi- 
Ul,  on  the  Amoor.  Lat.  50°  N. ;  Ion.  127°  E.  It  is  stated 
to  be  rich  and  populous,  and  to  have  a  large  trade  in  furs, 
but  has  not  been  visited  by  Europeans.     See  A.MOon. 

Sag  Har'bor,  a  post-village  and  port  of  entry  in 
Southampton  township,  Suffolk  co,,  N.Y,,  on  Gardiner's 
Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  100  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
New  York,  and  about  10  miles  S.  of  Greenport.  It  is  the 
E.  terminus  of  a  branch  of  tho  Long  Island  Railroad,  and 
has  a  good  harbor,  6  churches,  many  stately  residences,  2 
newspaper  oflBces,  a  banking-house,  a  savings-bank,  a  good 
hotel,  a  cotton-factory,  a  morocco-factory,  and  manufactures 
of  cigars  and  pottery.  Steamboats  ply  between  this  port 
and  New  York.     Pop.  about  3000, 

Saghipoly,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Ipolysagh. 

Sagliuny,  a  river  of  Quebec.     See  Sagubnav. 

Sag'inaw,  a  river  of  Michigan,  is  formed  by  the  Flint 
and  Shiawassee  Rivers,  which  unite  in  Saginaw  co.,  about 
10  miles  S.W.  of  the  city  of  East  Saginaw.  Nearly  3  miles 
below  this  confluence  it  receives  the  Cass  River  from  the 
right,  and  the  Tittabawassce  from  the  left.  It  runs  in  a 
N.N.E,  direction,  and  enters  Saginaw  Bay  about  5  miles 
below  Bay  City.  It  is  nearly  30  miles  long.  The  largest 
towns  on  its  banks  are  Saginaw,  East  Saginaw,  and  Bay 
City.     Steamboats  can  ascend  it  to  Saginaw. 

Saginaw,  a  county  of  Michigan,  is  near  the  middle  of 
the  lower  peninsula.  Area,  about  816  square  miles.  Its 
chief  rivers  are  the  Saginaw,  which  intersects  the  northern 
part,  and  its  branches  the  Flint  and  Shiawassee  Rivers, 
which  unite  near  the  middle  of  the  county.  It  is  also 
drained  by  the  Cass  and  Tittabawassec  Rivers,  which  enter 


the  Saginaw  about  2  miles  below  the  junction  of  tho  Flint 
with  the  other  branch.  Thus  towards  the  central  part  of 
this  county  five  navigable  rivers  converge  from  as  many 
difl'erent  points  oi  the  compass.  The  surface  is  nearly  level. 
A  large  part  of  it  is  covereti  with  forests  of  pine,  sugar- 
maple,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  mostly  a  fertile  sandy 
loam.  Hay,  butter,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products  of  the 
farms,  and  pine  lumber  is  the  chief  article  of  export.  The 
value  of  the  lumber  sawed  in  this  county  annually  is  about 
$5,000,000.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Flint  A  I'erc  Mar- 
quette Railroad,  the  Saginaw  Valley  A  St.  Louis  Itailroad, 
the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  and  three  other  railroads. 
Capital,  Saginaw.  Pop,  in  1870,  39,097;  in  1880,  59,095: 
in  1890,  82,273. 

Saginaw,  a  station  in  Marquette  oo.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Marquette,  Houghton  A  Ontonagon  Railroad,  18  miles  W. 
of  Marquette. 

Saginaw,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Saginaw  co.,  Mich.,  is 
on  the  left  or  W.  bank  of  a  river  of  the  same  name,  64 
miles  N.N.E,  of  Lansing,  20  miles  S.  by  W,  of  Bay  City,  2 
miles  S.W.  of  East  Saginaw,  and  98  miles  N.N.W.  of  De- 
troit. It  is  the  railroad  centre  of  Northern  Michigan,  six 
railroads  centring  in  the  city.  Its  site  is  a  plateau  elevated 
about  30  feet  above  the  river,  which  is  here  crossed  by  3 
bridges.  It  contains  a  court-house,  37  churches,  5  national 
banks,  3  savings-banks,  1  state  bank,  2  private  bunks, 
public  schools,  a  public  library,  a  theological  seminary,  4 
daily  and  6  weekly  newsjiapers,  planing-mills,  iron-works, 
machine-  and  boiler-works,  furniture-factories,  breweries, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber,  salt,  <tc.  The  total  products 
from  these  manufactures  are  estimated  at  $40,000,000  a 
year.  Vessels  drawing  10  feet  of  water  can  ascend  the 
river  to  this  place,  which  exports  large  quantities  of  lumber 
and  salt.  Saginaw  was  incorporated  in  1859,  and  now  in- 
cludes the  city  of  East  Saginaw,  the  two  cities  having  been 
consolidated  in  1890.     Pop.  in  1890,  46,322. 

Saginaw  Hay  of  Lake  Huron,  tho  largest  body  of 
water  which  indents  the  southern  ))enin8ulaof  Michigan,  is 
situated  in  the  E.  j)art  of  the  state.  It  is  about  60  miles  in 
length,  and  30  in  its  greatest  breadth,  and  affords  good 
navigation  and  safe  harbors  for  large  vessels. 

Sago,  JIuskingum  co.,  0.     See  Bi.oompiki-d. 

Sa'go,  a  post-office  of  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va. 

Sago,  a  ])ost-oflice  of  U|)shur  co.,  W.  Va. 

Sagoarcma,  si-go-fl,-r.\'mi,  a  village  of  Brazil,  prov- 
ince  and  45  miles  E.  of  Rio  Janeiro,  at  the  E.  e.vtrcmity 
of  the  lagoon  of  Sagoarcma. 

Sagole,  sa-go'le,  a  post-office  of  Outagamie  co.,  Wis. 

Sagoo'a,  an  island  near  the  entrance  of  Fortune  Bay, 
Newfoundland.     It  is  a  fishing-station.     Pop.  270. 

Sngor,  a  district  of  India.     See  SArctiii. 

Sagres,  s^'grfis,  a  seaport  town  of  Portugal,  in  Algarvc, 
on  a  peninsula  of  the  S.  coast,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Ca])c  St. 
Vincent,  It  was  founded  in  1416  by  Prince  Ilenriqucz, 
who  here  established  a  school  of  navigation.     Pop.  402. 

Sagrus,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Sanguo. 

Saguache,  sa-watch',  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of 
Colorado,  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  tho  Rio  Grande,  and 
is  partly  drained  by  Saguache  Creek.  The  surface  is 
partly  mountainous,  and  covered  with  forests  of  fir,  pine, 
Ac,  a  large  portion  being  occupied  by  ranges  or  groui)s  of 
mountains,  called  Saguache  and  Sangre  de  Cristo.  This 
county  comprises  a  large  j)art  of  the  fertile  San  l^uis  Park, 
which  is  nearly  7000  feet  above  the  level  of  tho  sea.  Among 
its  remarkable  features  is  the  San  Luis  Lake,  wliich  hiis  no 
outlet.  The  soil  ])roduces  natural  )>asture.  Wheat,  oats, 
cattle,  and  wool  arc  the  staple  products.  Gold  is  found 
here.  Area,  3240  square  miles.  Capital,  Saguache.  Pop. 
in  1870,  304;  in  1880,  1973;  in  1890,  3313. 

Saguache,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Saguache  co.,  Col., 
on  a  creek  of  the  same  name,  about  70  miles  S.W.  of  Cafion 
City,  and  near  the  northern  border  of  the  San  Luis  Park. 
It  has  a  newspaper  ofl!ice,  a  money-order  post-oflSce,  and  2 
churches.     Altitude,  7743  feet.     Pop.  in  1890,  660. 

Saguache  (or  Sa'watch')  Creek,  Colorado,  rises  in 
a  county  of  its  own  name,  runs  eastward  and  southeast- 
ward, irrigates  the  northern  part  of  San  Luis  Park,  and 
enters  a  largo  swamp  or  lake  of  the  same  name  near  tho 
middle  of  that  jiark.  This  swamp  is  described  by  H.aydcn 
as  "a  singular  depression,  about  10  miles  wide  and  30  miles 
long.  It  looks  like  one  vast  thicket  of  'grease-wood'  {Sar- 
cobatnt  vermicnlttn'g)."  It  receives  about  12  good-siied 
streams,  and  has  no  outlet,  and  yet  there  is  no  large  body 
of  water  visible. 

Saguache  (or  Sawatch)  Range,  or  Sierra  lUn- 
dre,  se-6u'rl  mi'drd,  Colorado,  a  range  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  is  one  of  the  loftiest  and  most  symmetrical 


SAG 


2333 


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ranges  in  the  state.  It  trends  nearly  N.  and  S.,  extends 
nbout  80  miles,  and  forms  the  Continental  Divide.  Mount 
Holy  Cross,  which  is  the  most  northern  peak  of  this  range, 
is  in  lat.  .39°  28'  N.,  Ion.  106°  28'  W.  Among  the  highest 
peaks  of  the  range  are  Mount  Massive  (14,368  feet).  Mount 
Elbert  (14,326  feet).  Mount  Harvard  (14,383  feet),  and 
Mount  Yale.  "The  Sawatch  Range,"  says  Prof.  Hayden, 
"  is  a  solid  mass  of  granite,  intersected  to  a  greater  or  less 
extent  by  dikes." 

Sagua  la  Grande,  si'gw&  (almost  si'wi)  li  grln'di, 
a  river  of  Cuba,  emptying  itself  into  the  sea  on  the  N. 
coast  of  the  island.     It  is  navigable  nearly  20  miles. 

Sagua  la  Grande,  sA'gwS,  (or  s3,'w4)  13,  grin'di,  a 
town  of  Cuba,  situated  at  the  head  of  navigation  on  the 
above  river.     It  is  a  railway  terminus.     Pop.  9632. 

Saguenay,  sag-a-nd',  a  large  river  of  Quebec,  and  one 
of  the  principal  tributaries  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  the  estuary 
of  which  it  enters  120  miles  N.E.  of  Quebec,  in  lat.  48°  6' 
N.,  Ion.  69°  38'  W.,  and  into  which  it  brings  the  surplus 
waters  of  Lake  St.  John.  Total  length,  100  miles.  The 
Saguenay  is  remarkable  for  its  wild  and  picturesque 
scenery.  The  first  half  of  its  course  runs  through  a  wilder- 
ness of  pine-  and  spruce-covered  hills.  It  abounds  in 
waterfalls,  and  is  only  navigable  for  canoes.  A  few  miles 
below  the  most  southern  fall  on  the  river  is  the  village  of 
Chicoutimi,  where  an  extensive  lumber-business  is  trans- 
acted. About  10  miles  S.  of  Chicoutimi  there  recedes  from 
the  Saguenay  a  beautiful  expanse  of  water  called  Ha  Ha 
Uay,  at  the  head  of  which  is  another  village.  Between  this 
bay  and  the  mouth  of  the  river  its  course  exhibits  some  of 
the  most  sublime  river-scenery  in  the  world,  the  banks 
varying  in  height  from  600  to  1500  feet,  overhanging  the 
river  below.  Water  has  been  found  as  deep  within  5  feet 
of  the  shore  as  in  the  middle.  Near  its  mouth  a  line  of  3000 
feet  failed  to  find  bottom;  the  depth  in  other  parts  varies 
from  100  to  1000  feet.  During  the  summer  months  the 
Saguenay  is  visited  by  thousands  of  tourists.  It  is  navigable 
to  Ha  Ha  Bay  for  vessels  of  the  largest  class.  It  receives 
the  waters  of  many  tributaries.  At  the  mouth  of  the 
Saguenay  is  Tadousao,  a  watering-place. 

Saguenay,  a  county  near  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Que- 
bec. Area,  12,815  square  miles.  The  St.  Lawrence  forms 
its  S.E.  boundary,  and  it  is  intersected  by  the  Saguenay 
River.     Capital,  T'adousac.     Pop.  5487. 

Saguntuin,  the  ancient  name  of  Murviedro. 

Sagur,  a  town  of  India.     See  Saugur. 

Sagy,  si^zhee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Sa9ne-et-Loire, 
arrondissement  of  Louhans.     Pop.  341. 

Sahagun,  si-i-goon',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
31  miles  E.S.E.  of  Leon,  with  the  remains  of  a  castle  and 
a  famous  Benedictine  abbey.  It  has  many  mills,  and 
manufactures  of  woollens  and  linens.     Pop.  2610. 

Sahama,  or  Nevado  de  Sahama,  nii-vk'do  dh  sS.- 
hi'mi,  a  mountain  of  the  Andes,  in  Peru.  Lat.  18°  7'  S.; 
Ion.  68°  52'  W.     Height,  22,350  feet. 

Sahara,  s4,-hi'ri  or  si'ha-ri,  or  Zahara,  zl-hl'ri 
(more  correctly  Sahra,  ^ahra,  or  Sahhra,  s&h'h'ri), 
called  also  the  Great  Desert  (Fr.  Grand  Diaert,  grftx" 
di^zain' ;  Ger.  Die  Wunte,  dee  ♦iis't^h  ;  L.  Deser'tum  Mag'- 
num),  a  vast  region  of  Northeast  Africa,  extending  from  the 
Atlantic  coast  on  the  VV.  to  the  valley  of  the  Nile  on  the  E., 
between  15°  and  35°  N.  lat.  and  15°  AV.  and  35°  E.  Ion. 
Length,  from  E.  to  W.,  about  3000  miles ;  average  breadth, 
about  900  miles.  Area,  2,000,000  square  miles.  The 
limits  of  the  Great  Desert  towards  the  N.  and  S.  do  not 
admit  of  being  fixed  with  precision.  On  the  E.  it  com- 
mences at  the  Libyan  Hills,  which,  in  Egypt,  confine  the 
valley  of  the  Nile  on  the  W.  On  the  S.  its  natural  boundary 
may  be  said  to  lie  in  about  lat.  17°  N. ;  yet  it  has  on  the  S. 
a  broad  seam  of  country,  too  dry  for  cultivation,  but  abound- 
ing in  excellent  pasturage  for  several  months  in  the  year, 
resembling  a  rich  park  about  midsummer,  while  at  other 
seasons  it  is  little  better  than  an  arid  and  desolate  waste. 
Such  seem  to  be  the  N.  districts  of  Darfoor  and  Wad^y. 
The  frontiers  of  Bornoo,  also,  and  of  Houssa,  the  valley 
of  Kawar,  and  the  country  named  Asben,  of  which  Aga- 
dez  is  the  capital,  partake  at  once  of  the  characters  of  desert 
and  of  oasis  or  interspersed  fertile  land.  The  town  of  Tim- 
buctoo,  about  8  miles  from  the  Niger  River,  is  surrounded 
by  desert.  But  at  a  distance  of  only  a  few  days'  journey 
to  the  N.E.  and  N.  are  the  oases  of  Mabrook  and  Arawan. 
Farther  W.  lies  Taudeny,  whence  rock  salt  is  obtained. 
The  N.  limit  of  the  Sahara  is  still  more  irregular  than  the 
S.  Wadinoon  may  be  assumed  to  be  its  commencement 
on  the  W.,  whence  its  general  direction  is  nearly  on  the 
iame  parallel,  approaching  the  Mediterranean  as  it  extends 
E.,  till  on  the  Gulf  of  Sidra  it  reaches  the  margin  of  the 


sea.  The  oases  of  Tooat,  Fezzan,  and  Seewah  (Siwah)  are 
near  or  on  the  N.  limit. 

The  Sahara  is  traversed  in  many  directions  by  caravan- 
routes,  travellers  on  which  undergo  intense  sufferings  from 
thirst  and  from  exposure  to  the  iiimoom.  Rain  appears  to 
fall  in  torrents  at  intervals  of  five,  ten,  or  twenty  years. 
In  summer  the  heat  during  the  day  is  excessive,  but  the 
nights  are  frequently  cold ;  in  winter  the  temperature  is 
sometimes  below  the  freezing-point.  Ice  has  been  found 
in  Fezzan,  and  also  on  the  Nile,  in  Upper  Egypt. 

The  Great  Desert  may  be  generally  described  as  an  ele- 
vated table-land  covered  with  large  blocks  of  stone,  hard- 
baked  earth,  gravel,  or  loose  sand;  in  many  places  it  is  in- 
crusted  with  salt,  and  granite  occasionally  breaks  through 
the  sandstone  covering  of  the  waste.  Towards  Egypt  lime- 
stone comes  into  view.  Ferruginous  sandstone  is  common, 
and  many  rocky  spots,  chiefly  in  the  W.  desert,  S.  of  Wady 
Noon,  are  said  to  contain  iron.  Copper  was  once  obtained 
in  abundance  from  the  hills  N.  of  Agadez;  but  at  present 
the  only  mineral  which  increases  the  resources  of  the  Sa- 
hara is  salt,  excavated  at  Taudeny,  on  the  route  from  Tim- 
buctoo  to  AVadinoon,  at  Bilma,  in  the  country  of  the  Tib- 
boos,  and  elsewhere. 

In  the  desert,  properly  so  called,  there  is  little  of  animal 
or  of  vegetable  life.  The  large  animals  which  characterize 
South  Africa  are  here  wholly  wanting.  A  few  species  of 
antelopes  are  met  with  in  favored  spots.  The  lion  avoids 
the  parched  country.  Lizards,  jerboas,  and  serpents  of 
many  kinds  retain  undisturbed  possession  of  the  burning 
sands.  The  land-tortoise,  of  great  size,  is  said  to  be  com- 
mon towards  the  S.,  where  bushes  grow.  Prickly  sainfoin 
and  other  tough  and  humble  plants  prevail.  As  the  coun- 
try improves,  the  Acacia  fernit/hien  appears,  then  thetalha 
{Acacia  Arabica)  and  other  trees,  till  the  doum  and  date- 
palms  mark  the  limits  of  the  desert.  Yet  the  date-palm 
itself  usually  thrives  best  beyond  the  limit  of  the  rains. 
In  Fezzan  and  other  tracts,  where  the  date-groves  consti- 
tute the  wealth  of  *the  inhabitants,  heavy  rains  often  prove 
fatal  to  the  trees,  by  dissolving  and  carrying  to  their  roots 
the  salt  formed  on  the  surface  of  the  ground. 

Saharawan,  Bcloochistan.    See  Sarawak. 

Saharunpoor,  India.    See  Skharunpoor. 

Saheewal,  Saihewal,  or  SahiAval,  s3-hee'wJl1,  a 
town  of  India,  25  miles  S.S.W.  of  Shahpoor.     Pop.  8900. 

Sahibgunge,  a  town  of  India.    See  Gaya. 

Sahwatch,  Colorado.    See  Saguache. 

Sai,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Zai. 

Sai,  si,  a  large  town  of  Sencgambia,  state  of  Bambarra, 
on  the  Joliba,  between  Sego  and  Yamina. 

Said,  the  name  of  Upper  Egypt.     See  Saeed. 

Saida,  or  Sayda,  si'dA,  a  town  of  Saxony,  circle  and 
30  miles  S.W.  of  Dresden.     Pop.  1616. 

Saida,  si'dJ,  (Fr.  Sa'ide,  sid;  anc.  Si'don),  a  maritime 
town  of  Syria,  on  the  Mediterranean,  lat.  33°  34'  N.,  Ion. 
35°  21'  E.,  20  miles  S.  of  Beyroot.  Pop.  11,000,  of  whom 
three-fourths  are  Mohammedans.  It  is  badly  laid  out ;  but 
it  contains  large  inns  and  well-supplied  bazaars,  and  its 
vicinity  abounds  with  orchards  and  plantations.  It  has  7 
mosques  and  5  churches,  and  Catholic  and  Protestant  schools. 
Its  harbor  was  in  the  sixteenth  century  rendered  unfit  for 
any  but  small  vessels,  and  its  commerce  has  declined  com- 
mensurately  with  the  rise  of  Beyroot,  yet  it  has  still  some 
trade  in  silk,  fruit,  tobacco,  and  oil.  The  original  Sidoa 
was  a  city  of  the  highest  antiquity,  and  is  called  the  "great 
Zidon"  in  Joshua,  and  is  mentioned  by  Homer.  It  was  sub- 
sequently eclipsed  in  importance  by  'lyre;  but  it  remained 
a  place  of  consequence  long  after  the  Christian  era. 

Saidora,  sa-do'ra,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Mason 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Peoria,  Pekin  <fc  Jacksonville  Railroad,  28 
miles  N.  of  Jacksonville. 

Saif,  a  village  of  Arabia.    See  Fartash. 

Saigon,  sl-gon'  (Fr.  pron.  si'gAv'),  or  Sal-Gun, 
si-gun'  (called  by  the  natives  Looknooee,  or  Louk- 
noui,  look'noo'ee\  &c.),  a  city  of  Indo-China,  capital  of 
French  Cochin  China,  on  the  river  Saigon,  35  miles  from 
the  China  Sea.  Lat.  10°  47'  N. ;  Ion.  106°  45'  E.  It  con- 
sists of  3  towns,  Pingeh,  with  the  citadel,  on  the  W.  side  of 
the  Saigon,  the  commercial  town,  on  a  tributary  stream,  nav  • 
igable  for  large  boats,  and  the  native  quarter.  There  is 
also  a  straggling  suburb.  Saigon  is  regularly  built,  and  in- 
tersected by  canals,  some  of  whi-ch  are  lined  with  quays  of 
stone  and  brickwork.  The  citadel,  fortified  in  a  European 
fashion,  contains  barracks,  officers'  quarters,  and  the  gov- 
ernor's residence.  The  city  has  a  naval  yard  and  arsenal, 
floating  docks,  with  piers  and  basins  for  shipping,  a  palace, 
and  large  rice-magazines.  It  communicates  with  the  Mo- 
Kong  by  a  canal  23  miles  in  length,  and  has  a  foreign 


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2334  bAl 


trnde,  chSofly  with  Siam  and  China.  It  bos  2  oolleges, 
convents,  an  orphanage,  a  splendid  botanical  garden,  and 
(k  largo  export  of  rice,  cinniimon,  eagle-wood,  ito.  Pop. 
00,000.  The  market*  are  well  supplied  with  provisions, 
especially  fish,  and  the  environs  are  fertile  and  carefully 
cultivated. 

Sailim,  siMcom',  or  Sacernm,  sA-sJlL-r&ui',  a  town  of 
Chinese  ToorkiHtun,  district  of  Khoton.     Pop.  2000. 

Sailish  Indians,  Idaho.    See  Flatukad. 

Saillans,  s&^yftN*',  a  town  of  France,  in  DrOmo,  21 
miles  S.E.  of  Valence,  on  the  DrCuio.     Pop.  1745. 

Snil'or's  Island,  a  small  island  on  the  W.  side  of 
Bonavista  Bay,  Newfoundland. 

Suinta  (si'mi),  Lake,  the  largest  lake  of  I^inland, 
Ijcn  and  30  miles  N.W.  of  Viborg,  its  centre  being  about 
lat.  61°  20'  N.,  Ion.  28°  E.  lU  shape  is  very  irregular. 
Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  45  miles  ;  greatest  breadth,  30  miles. 
It  contains  many  islands,  is  connected  N.  with  numerous 
other  lakes,  and  discharges  its  surplus  waters  on  the  S.E. 
by  the  Woxen  into  Lake  Ladoga. 

Saimra,  8lm'r&,  a  town  of  India,  in  Agra.    Pop.  5704. 

Saiughin«en->Veppe8,  8&N<>'gilN<>'-6!<<>-vdpp,  a  vil- 
lage of  Franco,  in  Nord,  10  miles  from  Lille.     Pop.  2380. 

Sain-Kaleh,  sin-k&'l^h,  written  also  Sicnkullah, 
a  village  of  Persia,  in  Azerbaijan,  near  the  junction  of  two 
branches  of  the  Jaghatoo,  92  miles  S.S.E.  of  Tabrocz. 

Sains,  8&n«,  a  village  of  France,  in  Aisne,  19  miles  N. 
of  Laon.     Pop.  1799. 

Sains,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Nord,  4  miles 
from  Avosnes.  It  haa  manufactures  of  hosiery  and  woollen 
yarn.     Pop.  2883. 

Sains,  a  village  of  France,  in  Somme,  5  miles  S.E.  of 
Amiens.     Pop.  850. 

^^S^  In  accordance  with  the  general  plan  adopted  in 
this  work,  European  names — except  those  of  a  compara- 
tively few  well-known  places  that  have  acquired  an  estab- 
lished English  spelling — are  given  as  they  are  written  in 
the  language  of  the  respective  countries  to  which  they  be- 
long, those  of  Russia  and  Turkey  excepted.  Accordingly, 
names  with  the  prefix  of  Saint  before  a  feminine  name  in 
France  or  the  French  colonies  should  bo  written  Sainte, 
the  final  e  of  this  prefix  being  taken  into  account  in  the 
alphabetical  arrangement.  Thus,  Sainte-Annk  and  Sainte- 
Ciioix,  Jtc,  would  come  between  Saint  Dizier  and  Sai.nt- 
Flouext.  Names  with  this  prefix  in  Germany  should  be 
given  under  Sanct  ;  those  of  Spanish  and  Italian,  if  mas- 
culine, for  the  most  part  under  San,  if  feminine  under 
Santa;  Portuguese,  Sao  (Santo  before  a  name  beginning 
\vith  a  vowel,  as  Santo  Antonio),  feminine  Santa.  Mas- 
culine names,  however,  in  Italian  beginning  with  a  vowel 
have  Sant',  as  Sant'  Andrea,  Sant'  Oreste.  In  a  few 
instances,  Santo  is  employed  as  a  prefix  to  Spanish  mascu- 
line names,  as  Santo  Domingo,  Santo  Tomas.  Dutch  names 
have  either  Sanct  or  Sant,  but  usually  the  latter.  Hun- 
garian names  have  Szent. 

Saint>Atfrique,  skst  iffrcek',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Aveyron,  on  the  Sorgue,  50  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Kodez. 
Pop.  5572.  It  haa  manufactures  of  serge,  woollen  cloth, 
leather,  cotton  goods,  wine,  Ac. 

Saint  Ag'atha,  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  co.,  Onta- 
rio, 7  miles  W.  of  Berlin.     Pop.  150. 

Saint  Ag'ncs,  a  p.arish  and  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Cornwall,  on  the  Bristol  Channel,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Truro. 
Pop.  6164.  The  harbor  can  be  entered  only  at  high  water. 
St.  Agnes'  Beacon,  in  the  vicinity,  rises  664  feet. 

Saint  Agnes,  s^nt  ag'niz,  the  southernmost  of  the 
Scilly  Islands,  on  the  coast  and  included  in  the  co.  of 
Cornwall.  Lat.  49°  53'  6"  N. ;  Ion.  6°  20'  7"  W.  On  it  is 
»  light-house.     Pop.  179. 

Saint-Aignan,  sixt  in'y5N»',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Loir-et-Cher,  22  miles  S.  of  Blois,  on  the  Cher.    Pop.  2597. 

Saint  Aim6,  s^Nt  i^md',  a  post-village  of  Quebec,  co. 
of  Richelieu,  on  the  Yaraaska,  50  miles  N.E.  of  Montreal. 
It  has  5  stores,  several  mills,  a  church,  convent,  and  college. 

Saint- Alban,  s&Nt  irbSx"',  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Lozcre.     Pop.  1148. 

Saint  Alban,  sixt  irbfiN»',  a  post-village  in  Quebec, 
CO.  of  Portneuf,  15  miles  from  Ste.  Anno  de  la  Perade.  It 
bos  3  stores  and  a  saw-  and  carding-mill. 

Saint  Albans,  s^nt  awl'banz,  a  city  of  England,  co. 
of  Hertford,  at  a  railway  junction,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Lon- 
don. The  borough  comprises  the  site  of  the  ancient  town 
of  Veriilitm,  supposed  to  have  been  founded  by  the  Britons 
before  London.  In  the  vicinity  was  an  ancient  abbey  of 
Benedictines,  now  restored  and  made  one  of  the  finest 
cathedral  churches  in  England.  St.  Albans  became  a 
bishop's  see  in  1875.     Pop.  8298. 


Saint  Albans,  s«nt  awl'b^nz,  a  township  of  IIan< 
cock  00.,  III.     Pop.  1147. 

Saint  Albans,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  oo.,  Mo.,  in 
St.  Albans  township,  on  the  outlet  of  a  small  lake,  about 
33  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Bangor.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high 
school,  several  saw-mills,  and  other  mills,  for  which  the 
outlet  affords  motive-power.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1675. 

Saint  Alban's,  Minnesota.    See  Minnetonka. 

Saint  Albans,  a  hamlet  of  Franklin  oo..  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  about  34  miles  W,  of  St.  Louis. 

Saint  Albnn's,  township.  Licking  co.,  0.    Pop.  1110. 

Saint  Albans,  a  hanuvome  ]>ost-town,  capital  of 
Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  in  St.  Albans  townsliiji,  3  miles  E.  of 
Lake  Chamnlain,  about  30  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Burlington, 
24  miles  S.E.  of  Rouse's  Point,  and  59  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Montpelier.  It  is  connected  with  all  these  places  by  the 
Central  Vermont  Railroad.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  on  an 
elevated  ])lain,  with  a  park  of  4  acres  in  the  centre,  and 
contains  a  court-house,  a  high  school,  several  churches,  a 
first-class  hotel,  2  national  banks,  a  savings-bank,  a  rulling- 
mill,  and  a  large  manufactory  of  locomotives  and  railroad- 
cars,  owned  by  the  railroad  company.  One  daily  and  2 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  Large  quantities  of 
butter  are  exported  from  this  jilace,  mostly  to  Boston.  The 
township  of  St.  Albans  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  and  is  diversified  by  high  hills  and  picturesque 
scenery.     Pop.  of  village,  about  6000;  of  township,  7771. 

Saint  Albans  (formerly  Coalsmonth),  a  post-vil- 
lage of.  Kanawha  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Kanawha  River,  at 
the  mouth  of  Coal  River,  and  on  the  Cliesa])euke  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  13  miles  W.  of  Charleston.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
newspaper  ofiico,  a  high  school,  a  flour-mill,  2  large  saw- 
mills, and  a  tobacco-factory.  Coal  ia  shipped  here.  Pop. 
about  1500. 

Saint  Albans  Bay,  a  post-village  in  St.  Albans  town- 
ship, Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  on  Lake  Champlain,  about  26  miles 
N.  of  Burlington,  and  3  miles  W.  of  St.  Albans.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  steamboat-landing. 

Saint  Alban's  Head,  a  promontory  of  England,  on 
the  coast  of  Dorset.  Summit,  441  feet  high.  Lat.  50°  N. ; 
Ion.  2°  10'  W.     It  is  sometimes  called  St.  Adhelm's  Head. 

Saint  Al'bert,  a  town  of  the  North-West  Territories, 
Canada,  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Edmonton,  and  near  the  head 
of  Sturgeon  River,  a  tributary  of  the  North  Branch  of  the 
Saskatchewan.  It  is  the  scat  of  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop, 
and  has  a  convent,  a  girls'  academy,  and  a  seminary. 

Saint  Albert,  a  post-village  in  Arthabaska  co.,  Que- 
bec, 8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Arthabaska  Station.  It  has  steam 
saw-mills.     Pop.  371. 

Saint  Alexandre,  s4.Nt  JlM6k's&Nd'r',  n  village  in  Ka- 
mouraska  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  115 
miles  below  Quebec.     It  contains  5  stores.     Pop.  250, 

Saint  Alexandre,  a  post-village  in  Iberville  oo., 
Quebec,  36  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Montreal.     Pop.  800. 

Saint  Alexis,  s^xt  d.M£k^see8s',  a  post-village  in  Mont- 
calm CO.,  Quebec,  12  miles  N.W.  of  L'Assomption. 

Saint  Alphouse,  s^Nt  kVibsz',  a  post-village  in  Jo- 
liette  CO.,  Quebec,  57  miles  N.W.  of  Montreal.  It  has  sev  ■ 
eral  stores,  mills,  and  potash-factories.  A  gold-mine  i« 
worked  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  400. 

Saint  Alphonse  de  la  Grande  Baie.  See  Bagot- 
ville. 

Saint-Amand,  Belgium.     See  Sant  Amand. 

Saint-Amand,s^nt  i'mlnd'  (Fr.  pron.  sAxt  i^mftN"'), 
a  town  of  France,  in  Cher,  27  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bourges,  on 
the  Cher,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Marmande.  Pop.  7719,  It 
has  a  communal  college,  tanneries,  forges,  foundries,  and 
manufactures  of  porcelain. 

Saint'Amand,  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Nicvre,  arrondissement  of  Cosno.     Pop.  1443. 

Saint- Amand,  or  Saint- Amaud-les-Enux,  s&xt 
4'm6K"'  liz  o  (anc.  Amandop'olis  ?),  a  town  of  Franco^  de- 
partment of  Nord,  6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Valenciennes,  on  the 
Scarpe.  Pop.  7243.  It  has  a  communal  college,  and  ia 
much  frequented  for  its  thermal  baths.  It  is  the  centre  of 
the  cultivation  of  fla.x  for  the  manufacture  of  cambrics,  and 
has  manufactures  of  woollens,  cottons,  linseed  oil,  soap, 
leather,  porcelain,  hosiery,  and  chain  cables,  with  fine  ruins 
of  a  Benedictine  abbey. 

Saint-Amandin,  s^Nt  &'mAK°'ddN<>',  a  village  of 
France,  in  Cantal,  arrondissement  of  Murat.     Pop.  1245, 

Saint-Amans,  sixt  i'ui6x"',  a  village  of  France,  ia 
Aveyron,  arrondissement  of  Espalion.     Pop,  1278. 

Saint-Amans,  a  village  of  France,  in  Charente,  arron- 
dissement of  Angoulemc.     Pop,  1732. 

Saint-Amans,  a  village  of  France,  in  Tarn,  arron- 
dissement of  Castres,  on  the  Thor6.     Pop.  2US4. 


SAI 


^335 


SAI 


Snint-Amarin,  sist  i'm8,V4N»'  (Ger.  Sand  Amary, 
B&nkt  i'ml-ree^),  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  18  miles 
N.E.  of  Belfort.  Pop.  2025.  It  is  tlie  centre  of  extensive 
cotton-factories. 

Saint  Ambroise  de  Kildare.    See  Kildaue. 

Saint  Ambroise  de  la  Jeune    Lorette.    See 

LORKTTE. 

Saint-Ambroix,  siNt  duo'brwi',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Gard,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Alais.  Pop.  3410.  It  has  a  silk- 
mill  and  a  zinc-foundry. 

Saint  Ambrose,  s§nt  am'broz,  an  island  of  the  Pa- 
cific Ocean,  in  lat.  26°  21'  S.,  Ion.  80°  10'  W. 

Saint-Amour,  sdxt  i^moon',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Jura,  19  miles  S.S.W,  of  Lons-le-Saulnier.  Pop.  1911.  It 
has  extensive  iron-foundries  and  tanneries,  and  is  cele- 
brated for  the  number  of  sieges  it  has  sustained. 

Saint  Anaclet,  sS,Nt  i^nd^kli',  a  post-village  and 
parish  in  Rimouski  co.,  Quebec,  7  miles  below  Rimouski. 

Saint-And6ol-de-BourIeng,  sist  6N<>MA'or  d?h 
boouM6xo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ardeche.     Pop.  1510. 

Saint-And6ol-de-Fourchades,  sist  6N»Mi*ol' 
dfh  foon*shS,d',  a  village  of  Franco,  in  Ardiche. 

Saint  Andre,  sixt  fiNoMri',  a  post-village  in  Ka- 
mouraska  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  111 
miles  below  Quebec.     Pop.  250. 

Saint  Andre  Avelin,  sixt dN^^dri'  iV^h-lixo', a  post- 
villago  in  Ottawa  co.,  Quebec,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Papineau- 
vilio.     It  has  7  stores  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  250. 

Saint  Andr6  d'Acton.    See  Acton  Vale. 

Saint-Andre-de-Cubzac,  sixt  ftx^^dri'  deh  kiiV- 
zik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gironde,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Bor- 
deaux, near  the  Dordogne.     Pop.  2595. 

Saint-Andr6-de-Sangonis,  siNt  6K«Mri'  d^h 
s6N"'go^nee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Il^rault.  Pop.  2402. 
Saint-Andr6  is  the  name  of  many  villages  in  France. 

Saint  An'drews,  an  inlet  on  the  coast  of  Guinea. 

Saint  An'drew's,  a  seaport  city  of  Scotland,  on  the 
E.  coast  of  Fifeshire,  39  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Edinburgh. 
The  population  consists  chiefly  of  families  attracted  to  its 
educational  institutions,  the  principal  of  which  are  the  Uni- 
versity, the  oldest  in  Scotland,  founded  in  1411,  including 
St.  Leonard's  College,  founded  in  1512,  St.  Mary's,  founded 
in  1537,  and  St.  Salvator's,  founded  in  1455.  St.  Mary's  is 
the  divinity  college.  Here  also  is  the  Madras  College,  a 
large  school  founded  by  Rev.  Andrew  Bell  about  1832. 
This  city  was  created  a  royal  burgh  in  1140,  and  a  city  and 
archbishop's  see  in  1471,  and  was  the  scene  of  many  of  the 
most  remarkable  political  and  religious  events  in  the  his- 
tory of  Scotland.  The  town  is  a  place  of  summer  resort, 
and  is  noted  for  its  manufacture  of  golf  clubs  and  balls. 
The  castle  of  St.  Andrew's  was  built  in  the  twelfth  century, 
and  stood  upon  a  point  of  land  projecting  into  the  sea. 
Here  James  III.  was  born.  St.  Andrew's  unites  with  Cupar, 
Crail,  the  Anstruthers,  Kilrcnny,  and  Pittenweem  in  send- 
ing a  member  to  Parliament.     Pop.  (1891)  6853. 

Saint  An'drew's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y., 
3  miles  from  Walden,  and  i5  miles  W.N.W.  of  Newburg. 

Saint  Andrew's,  a  township  of  Charleston  co.,  S.C. 
Pop.  3277. 

Saint  Andrews,  a  post-village  in  Antigonish  co.. 
Nova  Scotia,  on  the  South  River,  10  miles  from  Antigonish. 
It  has  several  stores  and  mills.     Pop.  400. 

Saint  AndrcAVS,  a  post-village  in  Colchester  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  7  miles  from  Lower  Stewiacke.     Pop.  130. 

Saint  Andrews,  a  post-village  in  Stormont  co.,  On- 
tario, 7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cornwall.     Pop.  160. 

Saint  Andrews,  a  seaport  town  of  New  Brunswick, 
capital  of  the  co.  of  Charlotte,  at  the  N.E.  extremity  of 
Passamaquoddy  Bay,  on  a  narrow  slip  of  low  land  facing 
the  sea,  60  miles  W.  by  S.  of  St.  John,  and  3  miles  from 
the  shores  of  the  United  States.  The  lumber-trade  and 
ship-building  employ  the  larger  portion  of  the  inhabitants. 
The  harbor  is  entered  by  two  passes  leading  from  the  mouth 
of  the  river  St.  Croix.  The  town  is  well  built,  and  con- 
tains, besides  the  county  buildings,  5  churches,  a  grammar- 
school,  superior  school,  a  branch  bank,  a  savings-bank. 
United  States  consulate,  custom-house,  several  hotels,  and 
a  number  of  stores.  St.  Andrews  is  the  terminus  of  the 
New  Brunswick  <fc  Canada  Railway.     Pop.  1800. 

Saint  Andrews,  a  seaport  town  of  Prince  Edward 
Island,  Kings  co.,  on  Cardigan  Bay.  Lat.  46°  10'  N.;  Ion. 
62°  35'  W.  The  inhabitants  are  chiefly  engaged  in  ship- 
building and  in  the  exportation  of  timber. 

Saint  Andrews,  Ontario.     See  Thistletowk. 

Saint  An'drews,  a  post-village  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Ar- 
gonteuil,  on  the  North  River,  3  miles  from  its  junction 
with  the  Ottawa,  and  45  miles  S.W.  of  Montreal.     It  has  4 


churches,  a  mechanics'  institute,  an  academy,  2  tanneries, 
and  several  mills,  factories,  stores,  and  hotels.     Pop.  1000. 

Saint  Andrew's  Bay,  a  bay  of  very  irregular  shape, 
situated  in  Washington  co.,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Florida. 
Length,  nearly  25  miles. 

Saint  AndreAV's  Bay,  a  post-office  of  Washington 
CO.,  Fla.,  on  a  bay  of  the  same  name. 

Saint  Andrew's  Islands,  Pacific  Ocean,  between 
Papua  and  the  Pelcw  Islands.    Lat.  5°  32'  N. ;  Ion.  128°  W. 

Saint  AndreAV's  Sound,  on  the  coast  of  Georgia, 
about  10  miles  S.  of  Brunswick,  receives  the  waters  of  the 
Satilla  River. 

Saint- Angel,  sixt  6N<"*zh81',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Correze,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Ussel.     Pop.  1595. 

Saint  Anicct,  sixt  A'nee'si',  a  post-village  in  Hun- 
tingdon CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  St.  Lawrence, 
56  miles  S.W.  of  Montreal.     It  has  5  or  6  stores.     P.  550. 

Saint  Ann,  a  port  of  British  America,  on  the  E.  coast 
of  Cape  Breton. 

Saint  Ann,  a  maritime  village  of  Jamaica,  co.  of 
Middlesex,  on  the  N.  coast,  20  miles  W.  of  Port  Maria. 

Saint  Ann,  Cape  Breton.    See  Exgush  Towx. 

Saint  An'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calumet  co.,  Wis., 
about  18  miles  N.E.  of  Fond  du  Lac. 

Saint  Anne,  ann,  a  post-village  in  St.  Anne  town- 
ship, Kankakee  co.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  it  Eastern  Illinois 
Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Cincinnati,  Lafayette  <fc 
Chicago  Railroad,  67  miles  S.  of  Chicago,  and  17  miles  N. 
of  Watseka.  It  has  an  institution  called  Saviour's  College 
(Presbyterian)  and  6  churches. 

Saint  Anne,  in  France,  the  French  colonics,  and 
Canada.     See  Sainte-Axxe. 

Saint  Anne,  South  America.     See  Saxta  Axna. 

Saint  Anne,  a  town  and  bay,  island  of  Nookahecva, 
one  of  the  Marquesas.     Lat.  8°  56'  S.;  Ion.  140°  6'  E. 

Saint  Anne,  a  lake  of  Canada,  50  miles  N.  of  Lako 
Superior,  into  which  it  discharges  by  a  small  river.  Length 
and  breadth,  about  20  miles.     See  also  Saixte  Axxe. 

Saint  Annie,  an'nee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pulaski  co.. 
Mo.,  24  miles  S.S.E.  of  Richland  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Saint  Ann's,  New  Brunswick.    See  Frederictox. 

Saint  Anns,  a  post-village  in  Monck  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Jordan  River,  11  miles  from  Grimsby.     Pop.  200. 

Saint  Ann's  Port,  Ireland.     See  KiLLOUcn. 

Saint  Anselme,  sixt  6jj<'^s51m',  a  post-village  in 
Dorchester  co.,  Quebec,  6  miles  from  St.  Henri  de  Lauzon. 
It  contains  a  church,  an  iron-foundry,  a  cotton-  and  wool- 
len-factory, saw-  and  grist-mills,  engineering-  and  mill- 
wright-works, and  7  stores.     Pop.  700. 

Saint  Ansgar,  anz'gar,  a  post-village  of  Mitchell  co., 
Iowa,  in  St.  Ansgar  township,  on  the  Cedar  River,  25  miles 
by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Charles  City,  and  8  miles  by  rail  N.W. 
of  Osage.  It  has  a  bank,  a  creamery,  a  flour-mill,  a  news- 
paper ofiiee,  and  several  general  stores  and  business  houses. 
It  is  in  a  farming  region.  Pop.  in  1890,  609 ;  of  the  town- 
ship, 1200. 

Saiut-Antli^me,  s5.xt  5NoHaim',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Puy-de-Doine,  on  the  Ance,  9  miles  E.  of  Ambert.    P.  920. 

Saint  Anthony,  an'to-ne,  a  post-ofiice  of  Bingham 
CO.,  Idaho. 

Saint  Anthony,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dubois  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Jackson  township,  12  miles  from  Ferdinand  Station.  It  has 
a  church,  a  steam  grist-mill,  saw-mills,  a  stave-factory,  a 
blacksmith-shop,  Ac.     Pop.  about  150. 

Saint  Anthony,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Iowa, 
17  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Marshalltown,  the  capital  of 
the  county.  It  has  a  hotel,  a  lumber-mill,  and  general 
stores  and  business  houses.     Pop.  about  150. 

Saint  Anthony,  a  township  of  Hennepin  co.,  Minn. 

Saint  Anthony,  Falls  of.    See  Minxrapolis. 

Saint  Anthony  in  Roseland,  a  parish  of  England, 
CO.  of  Cornwall,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Falmouth  harbor,  3 
miles  E.  of  Falmouth.  Here  is  St.  Anthony's  Point  light- 
house, 62  feet  high,  with  a  revolving  light,  72  feet  above 
high  water,  which  can  be  seen  13  miles  distant. 

Saint  Anthony's  Nose,  N.Y.   See  Axthoxy's  Nose. 

Saint-Antoine,  sixt  fiNoHwin',  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  IsCre,  5i  miles  N.W.  of  Saint-Marcellin.  Pop. 
1 846.  It  takes  its  name  from  a  celebrated  abbey,  the  church 
of  which  is  still  preserved.  There  are  several  villages  in 
France  of  the  same  name. 

Saint  Antoine,  a  post-village  and  parish  in  Verchfircs 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  Richelieu,  15  miles  N.  of  St. 
Ililaire.     Pop.  1663. 

Saint  Antoine  Abb6,  or  Starncsborongh,  a 
post-village  in  Chateauguay  co.,  Quebec,  15  miles  from 
Hemingford.    It  contains  2  stores  and  2  hotels.     Pop.  200. 


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2336 


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Saint  Antoine  de  Tillr,  i4<«t  6N*'tw&n'  d^h  toe^. 
yoe',  a  iiost-villnge  in  Lotbiniire  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  S. 
shore  of  tlio  St.  Ltiwrcnco,  24  mites  S.W.  of  Quebec.  It 
contftina  a  church,  6  stores,  4  saw-nulls,  a  grist-mill,  and  a 
cardin;;-  and  fulling-mill.     Pop.  600. 

Saint'Aiituuiii,  s&Nt  6.v>'to'n&M«',  a  town  of  France, 
dc|>nrtmcnt  of  Tiirn-ot-Uaronne,  21  miles  N.E,  of  Montau- 
ban,  on  the  Aveyron.  It  has  tanneries,  liuen-manufao- 
torios,  and  dye-works.     Pop.  2520. 

Saint  Autoiiin,  »ist  ftM<>Ho^n&i4<>',  a  post-village  in 
Temiscouata  co.,  Quebec,  15  miles  W.  of  Armand.  It  has  a 
flour-mill,  a  siiw-mill,  and  2  stores.     Pop.  130. 

Saint  Antony^  Brazil.    See  Sa.nto  Antonio. 

Saint  Antony^  Capo  Verd  Islands.  See  San  Antonio. 

Saint  ApollinairC;  s&Nt  &^porie-naiu',  a  post-village 
In  Lotbini^ro  co.,  Quebec,  7  miles  from  Bluck  Ilivcr  Sta- 
tion. It  contains  a  church,  5  saw-mills,  a  carding-mill, 
•nd  several  stores.     Pop.  400. 

Saint  Ar'mand)  a  township  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
414.     It  contains  Bloomingdalc. 

Saint  Armand  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Missisquoi 
CO.,  Quebec,  8  miles  from  St.  Armand  Station.    Pop.  100. 

Saint  Armand  Station  (formerly  Moore's  Cor- 
ners), a  post-village  in  Missisquoi  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Cen- 
tral Vermont  Railroad,  52  miles  S.S.E.  of  Montreal. 

Saiut-Arinel,  siNt  au'mfll',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Horbihan,  with  a  small  port  on  the  coast.     It  exports  salt. 

Saint-Arnoult-en-Iveline,siNtan'noo'iN»eeV§h- 
leen',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-et-Oise,  8  miles  S.E.  of 
Rambouillet.     Pop.  1395. 

Saint  ArsenO)  sist  ar'san',  a  post-village  in  Temis- 
couata CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  Intercolonial  Railway,  7  miles 
N.E.  of  Riviere  du  Loup  en  Bos.    Pop.  800. 

Saint  Asaph  (az'af),  an  episcopal  city  of  Wales,  co. 
of  Flint.  5  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Denbigh.  The  only  building 
of  note  is  the  cathedral.     Pop.  1900. 

Saint  A'saph  Junction,  a  station  of  the  Alexandria 
&  Fredericksburg  Railroad,  IJ  miles  N.  of  Alexandria,  Va. 

Saint-Astier,  si,Nt  4s  te-4',  a  town  of  France,  in  Dor- 
dogne,  9i  miles  S.W.  of  Periguoux.     Pop.  1880. 

Saint  Athanase,  s^vt  ftHl'niz',  or  Iberville,  i'b§r- 
tII  (formerly  Christieville),  a  town  of  Quebec,  capital 
of  the  CO.  of  Iberville,  on  the  river  Richelieu,  opposite  St. 
John's.  It  has  2  churches,  several  hotels  and  stores,  an  iron- 
foundry,  a  tannery,  grist-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  2000. 

Saint  Aubert,  siNt  o'bair',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Nord,  10  miles  from  Cambrai.  It  has  manufactures  of 
batiste,  Ac.     Pop.  2505. 

Saint  Au'bert,  a  post-hamlet  of  Callaway  co..  Mo.,  in 
Bt.  Aubert  township,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Missouri,  about 
20  miles  below  Jefferson  City.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1139.  St.  Aubert  Station  on  the  Missouri 
Pacific  Railroad  is  in  Osage  co.,  105  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis, 
and  on  the  river,  opposite  this  hamlet. 

Saint  Aubert,  sixt  o'bair',  a  post-village  in  L'Islet 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  Trois  Saumons,  2  miles  from  St. 
Jean  Port  Joli.    It  has  2  stores  and  a  grist-mill.    Pop.  250. 

Saint-Aubin,  si.\t  0'b4N»',  is  the  name  of  many  vil- 
lages in  France. 

Saint  Aubin,  a  town  and  fortress  in  the  island  of 
Jersey,  on  the  W.  side  of  St.  Aubin's  Bay,  5  miles  by  rail 
W.  of  St.  Helier.     Pop.  2070. 

Saint-Aubin-du-Cormier,  si.vt  o'biNo'  dii  kon*- 
me-4',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  lUe-et-Vilaine,  11 
miles  S.W.  of  Fougcres.     Pop.  1150. 

Saint  Augusta,  aw-gus'ta,  a  post-vill.age  of  Stearns 
CO.,  Minn.,  in  St.  Augusta  township,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the 
Mississippi  River,  6  miles  below  St.  Cloud.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  of  township,  714. 

Saint  Augus'tin,  a  river  and  bay  of  Labrador,  in 
British  North  America,  near  the  S.  entrance  of  the  Strait 
of  Belle  Isle.     Lat.  51°  15'  N. ;  Ion.  59°  W. 

Saint  Augustin  de  Montr6al,  eist  5^gUs'tS,N»' 
d?h  mftvHri'ir,  a  post-village  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Two  Moun- 
tains, on  the  river  Petit  Chicot,  27  miles  W.  of  Montreal. 
Pop.  200. 

Saint  Augustin  de  Quebec,  sist  o'gUsHiNo'  d?b 
ki*b^k',  a  post-village  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Portneuf,  13  miles 
above  Quebec.     Pop.  200. 

Saint  Augustine,  a  bay  on  the  S.W,  coast  of  Mada- 
gascar.    Lat.  23°  35'  S. ;  Ion.  43°  45'  E. 

Saint  Augustine,  8§nt  aw-gfist'in  (or  aw'giis-teen*), 
a  city,  port  of  entry,  and  capital  of  St.  John's  co.,  Fla.,  on 
Matanias  Sound,  2  miles  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  about 
36  miles  in  a  direct  line  S.S.E.  of  Jacksonville.  The  site  is 
a  pLain  only  a  few  feet  higher  than  the  level  of  the  sea.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  a  Catholic  cathedral,  5  churches,  a 


convent,  2  newspaper  offices,  the  Pcabody  Institute,  and  a 
large  hotel.  It  has  a  safe  and  couiuioilious  harbor,  de- 
fended by  Fort  Marion,  which  was  built  by  the  t^paIIiards 
more  than  100  years  ago ;  but  the  bar  at  the  entrance  pre- 
vents the  approach  of  vessels  drawing  more  than  9  or  10 
feet  of  water.  The  mildness  of  the  climate  renders  it  nn 
attractive  place  of  winter  residence  for  invalids.  St.  Au- 
gustine was  settled  by  the  Spaniards  about  1565,  and  is  the 
oldest  town  in  the  United  States.  It  is  a  Catholic  bishop's  see, 
and  the  terminus  of  a  railroad  to  Tocoi.    Pop.  (1890)  4742. 

Saint  Augustine,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  111.,  in 
Indian  Point  township,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  A 
Quincy  Railroad,  15i  miles  S.  of  Galosburg.  It  baa  2 
churches  and  a  brick-yard. 

Saint  Augustine,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cecil  co.,  Md.. 
about  lU  miles  .S.  of  Elkton.     It  has  a  church. 

Saint  Augustine,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cambria  co..  Pa., 
about  14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Altoona.     It  has  a  church. 

Saint  Augustine,  Texas.    See  San  Augustine. 

Saint  Augustine,  Brazil.  See  Cape  Saint  Augustine. 

Saint-Aulay,  sist  oM4',  a  town  of  France,  in  Dor- 
dogne,  on  the  Dronne,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Riberac.  Pop.  1451. 

Saint  Aus'tcll,  a  town  of  England,  in  Cornwall,  13 
miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Truro.  Pop.  14,246.  It  has  some 
manufactories  of  woollens,  but  the  chief  trade  is  the  exporta- 
tion of  tin  and  copper  from  the  mines  in  the  vicinity.  Tha 
pilchard-fishery  is  also  extensively  carried  on  in  the  Bay 
of  St.  Austell. 

Saint'Avold,  a  town  of  Germany.  See  Sanct  Avoi.d. 

Saiut-Darbant,  siN»  ban'b6N°',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Hauto-Vienne,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bellac.     Pop.  1320. 

Saint  Barnab^,  s&n<>  ban^n&'bi',  a  post-village  in 
St.  Hyacinthe  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  Yamaska,  9  miles 
N.  of  St.  Hyacinthe. 

Saint  Barnab^,  a  post-village  and  parish  in  St. 
Maurice  co.,  Quebec,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Yamachiche.  The 
village  contains  several  saw-  and  grist-mills  and  5  or  6 
stores.     Pop.  500. 

Saint  Barth^Iemi,  sis"  banUdM^h-n.ce',  a  post-vil- 
lage in  Berthier  co.,  Quebec,  56  miles  N.E.  of  Montreal, 
and  10  miles  from  Berthier  en  Ilaut.  It  has  several  stores, 
and  a  large  trade  in  lumber  and  flour.     Pop.  800. 

Saint-Barth6lemy,  88,n»  baR'tiMgh-mee',  a  town  of 
Franco,  in  Lot-et-Garonno,  near  Marmande.     Pop.  1299. 

Saint-Barthelemy,  a  village  of  France,  in  Maine- 
et-Loire,  arrondissement  of  Angers.     Pop.  1266. 

Saint-Barth6lemy-de-VaIs,  sixo  bau'tiMgh-meo' 
d^h  vil,  a  village  of  France,  in  Drome,  arrondissement  of 
Valence.     Pop.  1425. 

Saint-Barth^lemy-le-Pin,  s^no  banH^M^h-mee' 
l§h  pS,N»,  a  village  of  France,  in  Ardeche,  near  Tournon. 

Saint  Bartliol'omew  (Sw.  BartulomUun.  bar-to-lo- 
mi'iis  ;  Fr.  Saint-BarlhSleviy),  an  island  of  the  West  Indies, 
30  miles  W.  of  St.  Christopher.  In  1878  it  was  ceded  by 
Sweden  to  France.  Lat.  of  E.  point,  17°  53'  N.;  Ion.  620 
52'  W.  Area,  35  square  miles.  Pop.  2374.  Its  shape  is 
very  irregular.  The  soil  is  fertile,  though  the  island  is 
remarkably  destitute  of  fresh  water.  The  products  are 
sugar,  tobacco,  cotton,  and  cacao.  Being  surrounded  by 
rocks  and  shoals,  it  is  difficult  of  access,  but  the  Careenage, 
on  its  W.  side,  is  a  good  harbor,  and  near  it  is  Gustavia,  the 
capital  of  the  island. 

Saint  Basil,  s^n°  bi^zeel',  a  post-village  in  Portneuf 
CO.,  Quebec,  7  miles  N.  of  Portneuf.     Pop.  300. 

Saint-Bauzille-de-Putois,  sis"  bo^zeel'  d§h  pii- 
twi',  a  town  of  France,  in  H6rault,  32  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Montpellier.     Pop.  1829. 

Saint-B6at,  s&n"  bi^i',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute- 
Garonne,  on  the  Garonne,  near  its  source,  17  miles  S.  of 
Saint-Gaudens.     Pop.  1091. 

Saint  Beatenberg.    See  Sanct  Bkatenbero. 

Saint  Bees,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Cumberland, 
on  the  coast,  and  on  a  railway,  3  miles  W.N.W.  of  Egre  • 
mont.  A  monastery  founded  here  by  St.  Bega  about  65U 
was  destroyed  by  the  Danes,  and  rebuilt  in  the  thirteenth 
century.  St.  Bees  College  (a  divinity  school)  and  the 
grammar-school  are  institutions  of  note.  The  village  is 
very  ancient,  and  stands  on  the  side  of  the  b.ay  formed  by 
St.  Bees  Head.     Lat.  54°  30'  N.;  Ion.  3°  38'  W. 

Saint  Ben'edict,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  Minn. 

Saint  Benedicto,  island  of  the  Pacific.  SccNublada. 

Saint  Benolt,  sis"  b4-nwi',  a  town  of  the  island  of 
Reunion,  one  of  the  Mascarene  group,  on  its  N.E.  side,  23 
miles  S.E.  of  Saint-Denis.     Pop.  20,000. 

Saint  B^noIt,84M<>  bi-nwa',  a  post-village  of  Quebec, 
CO.  of  Two  Mountains,  33  miles  W.  of  Montreal.  It  has  a 
church,  and  several  stores  and  mills.     Pop.  250 


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2337 


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Saint-B6no{t-de-Leyssieu,  s3,ij»    bi-nwi'    d?h 

Ws'se-uh',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ain,  7  miles  S.B.of  Belley. 

Saint-Beiioit-sur-IiOire,  sis"  b4-nw.V  sUii  Iwaii, 
a  town  of  France,  Loiret,  arrondisseinent  of  Gien.     P.  1(548. 

Saint-Bernard,  s§nt  b?r-nard'  (Fr.  pron.  sts^  bSii'- 
nau' ;  anc.  Motia  Jo' vis?),  a  mountain-pass  in  the  chain  of 
the  Alps,  between  Piedmont  and  the  Valais.  It  owes  its 
modern  name  to  the  great  celebrity  of  the  HoHpi'ce,  said  to 
have  been  founded  by  Bernard  de  Menthon  in  862  for  the 
succor  of  travellers.  The  hospice,  a  strong  stone  building, 
is  situated  on  the  summit  of  the  pass,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Aosta,  and  17  miles  S.S.E.  of  Martigny,  at  an  elevation  of 
8150  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  It  is  the  highest  habi- 
tation in  the  Alps,  and  the  cold  is  so  intense  that  a  small 
lake  in  its  vicinity  is  frozen  over  nine  months  in  the  year. 
During  the  whole  year  the  monks  of  St.  Augustine,  with 
their  valuable  dogs,  hold  themselves  in  readiness  to  assist 
travellers  arrested  by  the  snow,  which  in  winter  accumu- 
lates to  a  depth  of  from  10  to  40  feet.  In  the  chapel  is  a 
monument  to  General  Desaix,  erected  by  Napoleon  in  1805. 
This  gorge,  which  was  traversed  by  Roman  armies,  by 
Charlemagne,  and  by  Frederick  Barbarossa,  is  chiefly  cele- 
brated for  the  passage  of  Bonaparte  at  the  head  of  the 
French  army,  from  the  loth  to  the  21st  of  May,  1800. 

Saint  Bernard,  Little,  a  mountain  of  the  Graian 
Alps,  S.  of  Mont. Blanc.     Elevation  of  convent,  7076  feet. 

Saint  Ber^nard',  a  parish  in  the  extreme  S.E.  part 
of  Louisiana,  has  an  area  of  about  680  square  niilt-s.  It  is 
a  peninsula,  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  on 
the  W.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  IS'.W.  by  Lake 
Borgne.  The  surface  is  level.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile. 
Sugar,  molasses,  and  sweet  potatoes  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  partly  traversed  by  the  New  Orleans  <k 
Southern  Railroad.  Capital,  St.  Bernard.  Pop.  in  1870, 
3553;  in  1880,  4405;  in  1890,  4326. 

Saint  Bernard,  a  post-office  of  Livingston  cc,  Ky., 
on  the  Tennessee  River,  and  on  the  Louisville,  Paducah  & 
Southwestern  Railroad,  22  miles  E.  of  Paducah.  Coal  is 
shipped  here  in  barges. 

Saint  Bernard,  a  small  post-village,  capital  of  St. 
Bernard  parish.  La.,  is  near  the  E.  bank  of  the  Mississippi 
River,  14  miles  below  New  Orleans.     It  has  a  church. 

Saint  Bernard,  a  post-oflSce  of  Platte  eo.,  Neb. 

Saint  Bernard,  a  post-village  in  Dorchester  co.,  Que- 
bec, 18  miles  S.  of  St.  Henri  de  Lauzon.     Pop.  600. 

Saint  Bernardin,  and  Saint  Bernardino.  See 
San  Bernardino. 

Saint  Bernice,  b?r'niss,  a  post-office  of  Vermilion  co., 
Ind.,  at  Jonestown,  a  hamlet  about  20  miles  N.  of  Terre 
Haute.     Pop.  102. 

Saint  Bethlehem,  Tennessee.    See  CnERnv's. 

Saint  Bias,  a  town  of  Mexico.     See  San  Blas. 

Saint  Bias,  Florida.    See  Cape  San  Blas. 

Saint  Bonaventure,  s3,n»  bo^ni'viNo'tiin',  a  post- 
village  in  Drummond  co.,  Quebec,  30  miles  from  St.  Hya- 
cinthe. 

Saint  Bon'iface,  a  post-village  of  Manitoba,  on  Red 
River,  opposite  Winnipeg.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  Roman 
Catholic  archbishop,  and  of  a  college,  seminary,  convent, 
academy,  itc,  also  a  hospital  and  orphan  house. 

Saint  Boniface,  Quebec.    See  Shawenegan. 

Saint  Bonifacius,  bon'e-fa'sh^-us,  a  post-office  of 
Hennepin  co.,  Minn.,  about  35  miles  W.  of  St.  Paul. 

Saint  Bonifacius,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cambria  co..  Pa., 
about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Altoona.     It  has  a  church. 

Saint-Bonnet-le-Chateau,  s^no  bon^nd'  l§h  sha^- 
to',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire,  13  miles  S.  of  Montbrison. 
Pop.  2351. 

Saint  Brelade  (Fr.  pron.  siN"  breh-lS,d'),  a  village 
of  Jersey,  on  St.  Brelade's  Bay,  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  the 
island,  and  H  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Aubin. 

Saint-Brice,  six»  breece,  a  village  of  France,  in 
Haute-Vienne,  near  Rochechouart.     Pop,  1307. 

Saint  Bride's  Bay,  Wales,  an  inlet  of  the  Irish  Sea, 
at  the  W.  extremity  of  the  county  of  Pembroke,  having  at 
its  entrance  Ramsey  and  Skomer  Islands.  St.  David's  is 
the  principal  place  on  its  shores. 

Saint  Bridget,  brij'^t,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co., 
Kansas,  about  16  miles  N.W.  of  Seneca.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Saint  Bridget,  Quebec.     See  Sainte  Brigide. 

Saint-Brieuc  (or  -Brieux),  s^n»  bre-uh'  (anc.  lirio- 
ciim  ?),  a  town  of  France,  Cotes-du-Nord,  238  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Paris,  on  the  Gouot,  2i  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Bay 
of  Saint-Brieuc.  Lat.  48°  31'  1"  N. ;  Ion.  2°  45'  6"  W. 
Pop.  13,683.  It  has  an  old  cathedral,  a  statue  of  Du  Gues- 
clin,  a  li/cie  or  college,  a  public  library,  and  a  chamber  of 


commerce.  Its  port  is  at  the  village  of  Legu6, 1  mile  lower 
on  the  Gouet,  where  there  are  a  custom-house,  building-yards 
for  ships,  and  an  extensive  export  and  import  trade.  Grain, 
hemp,  butter,  cider,  and  cattle  are  exported  hence.  It  has 
granite-quarries,  tanneries,  cotton-mills,  and  manufactures 
of  paper,  woollen  cloth,  Ac. 

Saint  Bru'no  (formerly  Boucherville  Station),  a 
post-village  in  Chambly  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railway,  15  miles  E.  of  MontreaL  It  has  a  saw-mill  and 
several  stores.     Pop.  309. 

Saint  Cajetan,  Quebec.    See  Armagii. 

Saint-Calais,  sax"  ki'li',  a  town  of  France,  in  Sarthe, 
26  miles  E.S.E.  of  Le  Mans,  on  the  Anille.  Pop.  3000.  It 
has  manufactures  of  woollen  and  cotton  stuffs,  serges,  and 
leather. 

Saint  Camille,  sdN»  ki^meel',  a  post-village  in  Wolfe 
CO.,  Quebec,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Danville.    Pop.  of  parish,  600. 

Saint  Canute,  ka-nut',  a  post-village  in  the  co.  of 
Two  Mountains,  Quebec,  39  miles  N.  of  Montreal. 

Saint  Casimir,  siN»  k3,*see*meeR',  a  post-village  in 
Portneuf  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  Ste.  Anne,  6  miles  from 
Ste.  Anne  de  la  Perade.  It  contains  saw-  and  grist-mills 
and  6  stores,  and  has  a  large  trade  in  lumber.     Pop.  350. 

Saint  Catharine,  kath'a-rin,  a  post-village  of  Linn 
CO.,  Mo.,  in  Yellow  Creek  township,  on  the  Hannibal  &  St. 
Joseph  Railroad,  30  miles  E.  of  Chillicothe,  and  30  miles 
W.  of  Macon.  It  has  an  academy,  a  money-order  post- 
office,  2  churches,  2  flour-mills,  and  manufactures  of  wool, 
tobacco,  and  wagons.     Pop.  about  600. 

Saint  Catharine,  kath'a-rin,  a  town  of  Ontario, 
capital  of  the  co.  of  Lincoln,  on  the  Welland  Canal,  and  on 
the  Great  Western  and  Welland  Railways,  32  miles  E.  by 
S.  of  Hamilton,  and  12  miles  N.W.  of  Niagara.  It  is  the 
centre  of  a  large  and  rapidly  increasing  business,  and  con 
tains  7  churches,  3  branch  banks,  a  commercial  college, 
grammar-school,  convent,  general  hospital,  4  printing- 
offices,  from  which  2  daily  and  several  weekly  newspapers 
are  issued,  5  or  6  large  flouring-mills,  several  saw-  and 
planing-mills,  foundries  and  machine-sliops,  sewing-ma- 
chine-factories, soap-  and  candle- factories,  tanneries,  wool  • 
len-mills,  breweries,  Ac.  Ship-building  is  also  extensively 
engaged  in.  St.  Catharines  is  celebrated  for  its  mineral 
springs.     Pop.  in  1891,  9631. 

Saint  Cath'erine,  an  island  of  Liberty  co.,  Ga.,  in 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  about  a  mile  from  the  mainland. 
Length,  nearly  15  miles.     Pop.  127. 

Saint  Cath'erines,  a  post-village  in  Portneuf  co., 
Quebec,  near  Lake  St.  Joseph,  25  miles  W.  of  Quebec. 

Saint  C6lestin,  s&x»  si^lesHiN"',  a  post-village  in 
Nicolet  CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  Three  Rivers  Railway,  25^  miles 
from  Arthabaska.  It  contains  5  or  6  saw-mills,  2  grist- 
mills, and  9  or  10  stores.     Pop.  600. 

Saint-Cer6,  s3,n"  8?h-rA',  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Lot,  35  miles  N.E.  of  Cahors.     Pop.  3087. 

Saint-C^saire,  s4no  si'zin',  a  town  of  Quebec,  co.  of 
Rouville,  on  the  river  Yamaska,  33  miles  N.  of  Montreal. 
It  has  2  foundries,  an  agricultural-implement  factory,  a 
boot-  and  shoe-factory,  several  saw-,  grist-,  and  carding- 
mills,  a  college  containing  an  observatory  and  museum,  and 
a  large  trade.     Pop.  937. 

Saint-Chamas,  s^n"  shi'mls',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Bouches-du-Rhone,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Etang  de  Berre, 
and  on  the  railway  of  Avignon,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Mar- 
seilles. Pop.  2534.  It  is  divided  into  two  parts  by  a  hill, 
through  which  runs  a  tunnel  200  feet  in  length.  It  has  a 
handsome  church,  a  large  powder-magazine,  whence  Toulon 
i.s  supplied,  and  a  trade  in  oil  and  olives.  Near  it  is  the 
Pont  Flavien,  a  Roman  bridge,  at  each  end  of  which  is  a 
triumphal  arch. 

Saint-Chamond,  siN°  shi'mftN"',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Loire,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Gier  and  Janon  Rivers, 
7  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Saint-Etienne.  Pop.  14,420.  It  is 
well  built  and  thriving,  and  has  a  handsome  church,  good 
public  baths,  a  chamber  of  manufactures,  numerous  looms 
for  cotton  and  silk  fabrics,  ribbons,  braids,  galloons,  Ac,  tan- 
neries, a  large  iroij-forge,  and  nail-works.  In  its  vicinity 
are  many  coal-mines. 

Saint  Charles,  a  southeastern  parish  of  Louisiana, 
has  an  area  of  about  288  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake 
Pontchartrain,  and  on  the  S.E.  by  Lake  Washa.  The  sur- 
face is  level,  and  scarcely  higher  than  the  river.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  Sugar-cane,  cotton,  and  rice  are  the  staples.  It 
is  traversed  by  ioar  railroads, — the  Southern  Pacific,  the 
Texas  A  Pacific,  the  Louisville,  New  Orleans  A  Texas,  and 
the  Illinois  Central.  Capital,  Hahnville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
4867;  in  1880,  7161  j  in  1890,  7737. 


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Snint  CharleS)  a  county  in  tho  E.  part  of  MiBsoiiri, 
borUera  on  Illinois.  Aroo,  about  620  souiire  miles.  It  is 
bouudod  on  the  N.  by  the  Cuppor  and  Mississippi  Rivers, 
and  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Missouri,  which  enters  the  Missis- 
sippi at  the  E,  oxtroniity  of  tho  county.  It  is  also  drained 
by  Diirdcnno  Creok.  Tho  surfaco  is  partly  hilly  and  partly 
lovel,  und  a  large  portion  of  it  is  ouvorod  with  forests  of 
oak,  hickory,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat, 
Indian  corn,  cattle,  outs,  and  pork  are  tho  staple  products. 
Among  itii  mineral  resources  are  bituiniuous  coal  and  lime- 
stone. This  county  is  intersected  by  tho  Wabash  Railroad, 
the  Cleveland,  St.  Louis  it  Knn.'as  City  Railroad,  and  the 
St.  Louis  &,  Iliinnibal  Railroad.  Capital,  St.  Charles.  Pop. 
in  1870,  21,304;  in  1880,  2;i,0fiO ;  in  I8it0,  22,977. 

Saint  Charles,  a  post-villa<;e  of  Arkansas  co.,  Ark., 
«n  White  River,  about  35  miles  W.S.W.  of  Uelona.  It  has 
a  church.     Pop.  200. 

Saiut  Charles,  a  post-bamlot  of  Pueblo  co.,  Col.,  on 
tho  Greenhorn  River,  about  12  miles  S.  of  Pueblo. 

Saint  Charles,  a  post-village  of  Bear  Lake  co.,  Idaho, 
70  miles  N.W.  of  Evanston,  Wyoming.  It  has  a  church,  a 
grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  ranchino-sliop. 

Saint  Charles,  a  post-village  in  St.  Charles  township, 
Kane  CO.,  III.,  on  Fox  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  North- 
western Railroad,  .38  miles  W.  of  Chicago,  and  8  miles  S. 
of  Elgin.  It  is  situated  on  both  sides  of  the  river,  which 
is  a  beautiful  and  rapid  stream  about  300  feet  wide  and 
affords  extensive  water-power  at  this  place.  The  village 
contains  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  ofHcc,  6  churches,  a 
paper-mill,  2  flouring-niills,  a  foundry,  nnd  a  macbine-shup. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1690;  of  the  township,  2B78. 

Saint  Charles,  a  township  of  Floyd  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
3093,  exclusive  of  Charles  City. 

Saint  Charles,  a  post-village  in  South  township, 
Madison  co.,  Iowa,  about  25  miles  S.S.W.  of  Des  Moines. 
It  hivs  3  churches,  a  drug-store,  and  a  grist-mill.  Pop. 
about  200. 

Saint  Charles,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hopkins  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Paducah  &  Elizabethtown  Railroad,  156  miles  S.W.  of 
Louisville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Saint  Charles,  a  post-village  of  St.  Charles  parish. 
La.,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Mississippi,  and  on  the  New 
Orleans  <fc  Texas  Railroad,  23  miles  AV.  of  New  Orleans. 

Saint  Charles,  a  post-village  in  St.  Charles  town- 
ship, Saginaw  co.,  Mich.,  on  Bad  River,  near  tho  mouth  of 
Beaver  Dam  Creek,  and  on  the  Jackson,  Lansing  <t  Sagi- 
naw Railroad,  22  miles  N.  of  Owosso,  and  14  miles  S.W. 
of  Saginaw  City.  It  has  3  large  saw-mills,  a  stave-factory, 
a  shingle-raill,  and  3  churches.  Pop.  about  1000;  of  the 
township,  1341. 

Saint  Charles,  a  post-villago  of  Winona  co.,  Minn., 
in  St.  Charles  township,  on  the  Winona  &  St.  Peter  Rail- 
road, 28  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Winona,  and  22  miles  E.  by  S. 
of  Rochester.  It  has  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  6  churches.     Pop.  1202 ;  of  township,  820. 

Saint  Charles,  a  city  and  tho  capital  of  St.  Charles 
CO.,  Mo.,  is  situated  on  the  left  or  N.  bank  of  tho  Missouri 
River,  22  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  22  miles  by  railroad 
N.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  is  on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  <fc 
Northern  Railroad,  and  is  44  miles  by  water  from  St.  Louis. 
It  is  built  on  an  elevated  site  near  rocky  bluffs  which  com- 
mand beautiful  views  of  the  river.  Tho  Mississippi  River 
approaches  within  5  or  6  miles  of  this  city.  St.  Charles 
contains  about  8  churches,  a  national  bank,  2  savings-banks, 
Lindenwood  College  for  young  ladies,  St.  Charles  College 
for  males,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  3  or  4  weekly 
newspapers  (1  in  German).  It  has  a  woollen-factory,  manu- 
factures of  railroad-cars  and  flour,  and  a  large  establishment 
for  building  bridges,  which  employs  over  300  men  and  a 
capital  of  $1,500,000.  Quarries  of  limestone  and  mines  of 
coal  have  been  opened  near  this  place.    Pop.  in  1890,  6161. 

Saint  Charles,  a  post-township  of  St.  Charles  co.. 
Mo.,  is  contiguous  to  the  city  of  the  same  name,  and  is 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Missouri  River.     Pop.  3479. 

Saint  Charles,  a  post- village  of  Cuming  co..  Nob.,  on 
the  Elkhorn  River,  about  32  miles  N.N.W.  of  Fremont. 

Saint  Charles,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  0. 

Saint  Charles,  a  post-village  of  Manitoba,  on  the 
Assiniboine  River,  8i  miles  from  Winnipeg.  It  contains 
a  church,  a  public  school,  and  2  stores.     Pop.  400. 

Saint  Charles,  a  post-village  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Belle- 
chasse,  on  the  river  Boyer,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Rail- 
way, 26  miles  below  Quebec.  It  contains  a  church,  7  stores, 
and  several  mills.     Pop.  400. 

Saint  Charles,  a  post-village  in  St.  Hyacinthe  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  river  Richelieu,  8  miles  N.  of  St.  Hilaire 
Village.    It  has  5  stores  and  several  mills.     Pop.  800. 


Snint  Charles,  a  village  on  the  N.  side  of  the  river 
St.  Charles,  opposite  the  city  of  Quebec.     Pop.  200. 

Saiut  Charles  de  Stan'bridge,  a  ]M)st-village  Id 
Missisquoi  co.,  Quebec,  3  miles  from  Des  Rividres. 

Saint  Charles  du  Lac,  Quebeo.    See  Laciirnair. 

Saint  Charles  liake,  Quebec,  12  miles  N.N.W.  of 
the  city  of  Quebec,  is  5  miles  in  length,  and  gives  rise  to 
the  St.  Charles  River,  which  joins  the  St.  liawrenoe  at 
Quebec. 

Saiut-Chely,  s&n"  sh^h-lee',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Lozftro,  22  miles  W.N.W.  of  Menilo.     Pop.  1678. 

Saint-Chely-d'Aubrac,  sl.v  8li9h-lec'  do'brlk',  a 
town  of  Franco,  Avcyron,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Rodez.    P.  1809. 

Saint-Chinian,  sjVno  shee^no-ftN*',  a  town  of  Franco, 
in  II6rault,  60  miles  W.S.W.  of  Montpellier.  It  bus  ex- 
tensive manufactories  of  woollen  cloth.     Pop.  2690, 

Saint-Christophe,  s&n-o  krcesHof,  numerous  villages 
of  Franco,  the  principal  in  Indre-et-Loire,  18  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Tours.     Pop.  1234. 

Saint  Christophe  d'Arthnlinska,  BKif  krcesHof 
dar-ta-b2ls'ka,  or  Arthabas'kavillc,  an  incorporated 
village  of  Quebec,  ca])itttl  of  the  co.  of  Arthiiboska,  3  miles 
from  Arthabaska  Station.  It  contains,  besides  the  county 
buildings,  a  church,  a  printing-office,  2  hotels,  several 
stores,  a  potash-factory,  3  saw-mills,  and  2  flouring-mills. 
Pop.  730. 

Saint  Christopher  (kris'tp-ft^r),  or  Saint  Kitt*s, 
one  of  the  British  West  India  Islands,  in  the  Leeward 
group,  Int.  17°  17'  N.,  Ion.  60°  42'  W.,  -16  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Antigua.  Length,  from  N.W.  to  S.E.,  23  miles.  Tho 
island  is  traversed  from  N.  to  S.  by  a  mountain-ridge  of 
volcanic  origin,  from  which  tho  land  gradually  and  uni- 
formly slopes  to  tho  sea.  It  has  a  rich,  fertile,  and  highly 
cultivated  soil ;  pasture  and  woodlands  ascend  almost  to  the 
mountain-summits.  Four  rivers  water  this  island,  and 
there  are  ponds  producing  abundance  of  salt.  The  climate 
is  dry  and  healthy.  The  scenery,  especially  the  vale  of 
Basse-Tcrre,  is  rich  and  beautiful.  The  soil  is  particularly 
adapted  for  sugar-plantations.  The  chief  towns  are  Basse- 
Torre  (the  capital)  and  Sandy  Point.  The  island  belong? 
to  the  colony  of  Leeward  Islands,  but  has  also  a  local  gov- 
ernment and  legislature.  It  was  discovered  by  Colum- 
bus in  1493,  and  was  then  densely  peopled  by  Caribs.  In 
1625  it  was  simultaneously  taken  possession  of  by  colonics 
of  English  and  French,  and  divided  into  upper  and  lower 
portions.  From  that  period  it  became  the  scene  of  frequent 
and  bloody  contests  between  the  two  nations,  till  at  last  it 
was  finally  ceded  to  the  British  in  1783.     Pop.  28,109. 

Saint-Ciers,  siN>»  se-i',  several  villages  of  France,  the 
principal  of  which  is  Saint-Ciers-la-Lande,  department  of 
Gironde,  13  miles  N.N.E.  of  Blaye.     Pop.  619. 

Saint  Clair,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  Ala- 
bama, has  an  area  of  about  660  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  S.E.  by  the  Coosa  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by 
the  Cahawba  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  mountainous, 
and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  hickory,  nnd 
other  trees.  The  soil  produces  cotton,  grass,  and  Indian 
corn.  Bituminous  coal  is  found  in  this  county.  It  is  inter 
sected  by  the  Queen  &  Crescent  Route,  the  Richmond  & 
Danville  Railroad,  the  Birmingham  &  Atlantic  Railroad, 
and  other  railroads.  Capital,  Ashville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
9360;  in  18S0,  14,462;  in  1890,  17,353. 

Saint  Clair,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Illinois,  hns 
an  area  of  about  680  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
W.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  which  separates  it  from  St. 
Louis,  Mo.,  is  intersected  by  the  Kaskaskia  River,  and  is 
also  drained  by  Rich1an<l  and  Silver  Creeks.  The  surface 
is  generally  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  the  hickory,  white  oak,  red  oak,  elm,  ash,  black 
walnut,  maple,  honey-locust,  and  wild  cherry.  The  level 
bottoms  of  the  Mississippi  River  are  here  nearly  six  miles 
wide.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats, 
pork,  and  wine  are  the  staple  products.  The  annual  pro- 
duction of  wheat  in  this  county  is  very  large.  Subcar- 
boniferous  limestone  and  sandstone,  both  good  materials 
for  building,  crop  out  in  this  county,  which  has  also  an 
abundance  of  bituminous  coal.  It  is  intersected  by  several 
railroads, — tho  Ohio  &  Mississippi,  tho  Louisville  &  Nash- 
ville, the  Louisville,  Evansville  &  St.  Louis,  the  Mobile 
<t  Ohio,  the  St.  Louis,  Alton  <fc  Torre  Haute,  and  others. 
Capital,  Belleville.  Pop.  in  1870,  51,068;  in  1880,61,806; 
in  1890,  66,571. 

Saint  Clair,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Michignn,  has 
an  area  of  about  705  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  tho 
E.  by  Lake  Huron  and  tho  St.  Clair  River,  and  on  tho  S. 
by  Lake  St.  Clair.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Belle  and  Black 
Rivers,  and  also  drained  by  Mill  Creek.    The  surface  is 


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undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests 
of  tlie  oak,  sugar-maple,  pine,  &c.  The  soil  is  partly  fer- 
tile. Wiieat,  oats,  liiiy,  butter,  lumber,  and  Indian  corn 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Chicago  <fc  Grand  Trunk  Kailroad,  the  Flint  &  Pere  Mar- 
quette Railroad,  and  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad.  Capital, 
Port  Huron.  Pop.  in  1870,  36,661;  in  1880,  46,197;  in 
1890,  52,105. 

Saint  Clair,  a  county  in  the  W.S.W.  part  of  Missouri, 
has  an  area  of  about  690  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Osage  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Sac  River,  which 
enters  the  Osago  near  the  middle  of  the  county,  and  by 
AVeaubleau  (or  Warbleau)  Creek.  The  surface  is  diversi- 
fied with  prairies  and  woodlands.  Indian  corn,  oats,  cattle, 
and  pork  are  staples.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Mis- 
souri, Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  the  Kansas  City,  Fort 
Scott  &  Memphis  Railroad,  and  the  Kansas  City,  Osceola 
&  Southern  Railroad.  Capital,  Ofceola.  Pop.  in  1870, 
67-12;  in  1880,  14,125;  in  18U0,  16,747. 

Saint  Clair,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Lowndes  cc,  Ala. 

Saint  Clair,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa.     P.  817. 

Saint  Clair,  a  post-oflice  of  Monona  co.,  Iowa. 

Saint  Clair,  township,  Jewell  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  310. 

Saint  Clair,  a  city  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  on  a  river 
of  the  same  name,  at  the  mouth  of  Pine  River,  and  on  the 
border  of  St.  Clair  township,  about  12  miles  S.  of  Port 
Huron,  and  48  miles  by  water  N.E.  of  Detroit.  It  contains 
a  union  school,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  tannery,  a  foundry,  2  breweries,  2  ship-yards,  a 
saw-mill,  4  brick-yards,  and  5  churches.  Pop.  2003;  of 
the  township,  excluding  the  city,  2031. 

Saint  Clan,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  Atlantic  &  Pacific  Railroad,  50  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Louis, 
and  1  mile  W.  of  the  Maramec  River.     It  has  3  stores. 

Saint  Clair,  a  post-office  of  Antelope  co.,  Neb. 

Saint  Clair,  a  post-office  of  Churchill  co.,  Nevada. 

Saint  Clair,  a  post-village  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.,  in 
St.  Clair  township,  7  miles  N.  of  East  Liverpool.  It  has  2 
stores  and  a  mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1156. 

Saint  Clair,  a  village  of  Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  in  South 
Beaver  township,  36  miles  N.W.  of  Pittsburg.     Pop.  232. 

Saint  Clair,  a  township  of  Bedford  co..  Pa.     P.  2219. 

Saint  Clair,  a  post-borough  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  in 
New  Castle  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Philadelphia  & 
Reading  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Pottsville,  and  about  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Ashland.  It  derives  its  prosperity  chiefly 
from  rich  mines  of  anthracite  coal.  It  has  8  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  3  public  schools.     Pop.  (1890)  3680. 

Saint  Clair,  a  hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  ana  a 
station  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  2  miles  E.  of  Greens- 
burg.     It  has  a  church.     Here  is  Bradenville  Post-Office. 

Saint  Clair,  township,  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.    P.  777. 

Saint  Clair,  a  post-village  of  Hawkins  co.,  Tenn.,  5 
miles  N.E.  of  Whitesburg  Station.  It  has  a  church,  an 
academy,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  about  300. 

Saint  Claire,  a  post-village  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Dor- 
chester, 12  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Henri  de  Lauzon.  It  has  6 
saw-mills  and  5  grist-mills.     Pop.  600. 

Saint  Clair,  Lake.    See  Lake  St.  Claiii. 

Saint  Clair  River  is  the  outlet  of  Lake  Huron,  and 
forms  the  boundary  between  St.  Clair  co.,  Midi.,  and  the 
British  province  of  Ontario.  It  issues  from  the  southern 
end  of  Lake  Huron,  runs  nearly  southward  about  44  miles, 
and  enters  Lake  St.  Clair.  It  is  nearly  a  mile  wide,  and  is 
navigable  by  largo  steamboats.  The  chief  towns  on  its 
banks  are  Port  Huron  and  Sarnia. 

SaintClair's  Bottom,  a  post-office  of  Smyth  co.,  Va. 

Saint  Clair  Springs,  a  hamlet  and  summer  resort  of 
St.  Clair  co.,  Ala.,  H  miles  from  St.  Clair  Station,  which  is 
on  the  Alabama  &  Chattanooga  Railroad.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  mineral  spring. 

Saint  Clairs'ville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Belmont 
CO.,  0.,  in  Richland  township,  on  the  National  Road,  11 
miles  W.  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va.,  and  on  the  Bellaire  A  St. 
Clairsville  Railroad,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Bellaire.  It  con- 
tains 3  churches,  a  national  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  and 
a  union  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  1191. 

Saint  Clairsville,  a  post-village  of  Bedford  co..  Pa., 
in  St.  Chair  township,  4  miles  from  Cessna  Station,  and 
about  26  miles  S.  of  Altoona.     It  has  3  chui^hes.     P.  144. 

Saint  Clairtown,  Scotland.     See  Sixci.airtown. 

Saint-Clar,  sdxo  klan,  a  market-town  of  France,  in 
Gers,  8  miles  E. S.E.  of  Lectoure.     Pop.  1658. 

Saint  Cla'ra,  a  post-office  of  Doddridge  co.,  AV,  Va. 

Saint-Claude,  s4n»  klod,  a  town  of  France,  in  Jura, 
25  miles  S.E.  of  Lons-le-Saulnier,  at  the  confluence  of  the 
Bienne  and  Tacon.    Fop.  6632.     It  is  well  built,  is  orna- 


mented with  fountains,  and  has  a  communal  college  and  a 
chamber  of  manufactures  and  arts.  The  manufactures  com- 
prise articles  in  horn,  ivory,  and  wood,  buttons,  snuS- 
boxes,  toys,  jewelry,  watches,  hardwares,  leather,  paper, 
and  cotton  fabrics. 

Saint  Clear's,  or  Saint  Clare's,  a  borough  and 
parish  of  Wales,  9  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Carmarthen.  Pop. 
1043.     It  has  a  small  port  on  the  Taff. 

Saint-CI6ment,  siN"  kli^mfix"',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Correze,  6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Tulle.     Pop.  1560. 

Saint-Clement,  a  village  of  France,  in  Manche,  21 
miles  N.E.  of  Mortain.     Pop.  1061. 

Saint- Clement- de-Montagne,  sis»  kli'ni6N''' 
d§h  miso'tiii',  a  village  of  France,  in  AUier,  13  miles 
S.S.E.  of  La  Palisse.     Pop.  1522. 

Saint-Clement-des-Lev6cs,  siu"  kli'mfix"'  dA 
Ich-vd',  a  village  of  France,  in  Maine-ct-Loire,  on  the 
Loire,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Saumur.     Pop.  1593. 

Saint  Clem'ents,  a  post-village  in  AVaterloo  co.,  Ou 
tario,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Berlin.     Pop.  200. 

Saint  Clem'ent's  Bay,  a  post-haralet  of  St.  Mary'j 
CO.,  Md.,  on  a  creek  or  inlet  which  opens  into  tlie  estuary  of 
the  Potomac,  about  44  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Washington,  D.C. 

Saint  Clere,  kleer,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pottawatomie  co., 
Kansas,  35  miles  N.AV.  of  Topeka.     It  has  2  churches. 

Saint  Clet,  siu"'  kli,  a  post-village  and  parish  in 
Soulanges  co.,  Quebec,  7  miles  from  Coteau  Station. 

Saint-Cloud,  SQnt  klowd  (Fr.  pron.  sis"  kloo),  a  town 
of  France,  in  Seine-et-Oisc,  near  the  left  bank  of  the 
Seine,  5i  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Paris.  Pop.  4747.  The  fine 
chateau  of  Saint-Cloud,  originally  the  property  of  the  Duke 
of  Orleans,  was  long  the  favorite  residence  of  the  kings  of 
France.  It  has  an  extensive  park  and  elegant  fountains. 
The  fair  or  fete  of  Saint-Cloud  is  one  of  the  most  frequented 
in  the  environs  of  Paris. 

Saint  Cloud,  klowd,  a  city  and  the  capital  of  Stearns 
CO.,  Minn.,  in  St.  Cloud  township,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the 
Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  St.  Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad,  2 
miles  below  the  mouth  of  Sauk  River,  75  miles  by  railroad 
N.W.  of  St.  Paul,  and  3  miles  S.  of  Sauk  Rapids.  It  is 
partly  built  on  a  high  bluff".  It  contains  a  court-house,  6 
churches,  a  state  normal  school,  2  banks,  2  flouring-mills,  a 
foundry,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  3  weekly  news- 
papers. It  has  also  novelty-works,  and  manufactures  of 
lunilier,  wagons,  &c.  Pop.  in  1890,  7686;  of  the  township, 
additional,  774.    The  river  aff"ord8  abundant  water-power. 

Saint  Cloud,  Scott  co..  Mo.     See  Sylvania. 

Saint  Cloud,  a  post-office  of  Monongalia  co.,  W.  Va. 

Saint  Cloud,  a  post-village  in  Marshfield  township, 
Fond  du  Lac  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  Sheboygan  it  Fond  du  Lao 
Railroad,  17  miles  E.  of  Fond  du  L.ac.  It  has  a  church, 
and  manufactures  of  flour,  lumber,  and  wooden-ware. 

Saint  Colomb,  Quebec.    See  Sillerv  Cove. 

Saint  Colomban  de  Villars,  sku"  koM6ArbftN°'  d^h 
vee^yaii',  a  village  of  France,  in  Savoy,  6i  miles  N.W.  of 
Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne,  on  the  Glandon.     Pop.  1551. 

Saint  Columban,  si^•»  ko'liiM'b6.v>',  a  post-village  in 
the  CO.  of  Two  Mountains,  Quebec,  on  the  river  Ottawa,  40 
miles  from  Montreal. 

Saint  Columb  Major,  kol'um  mi'jor,  a  town  of 
England,  in  Cornwall,  32  miles  S.W.  of  Launccston.  P.  1115. 

Saint  Come,  s^n"  kom,  a  post-village  in  Joliette  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  river  L'Assomption,  33  miles  from  Joliette. 
Pop.  150.     See  also  Maui-ow. 

Saint  Constant,  sIn"  k6N<''st6No',  a  post-village  in 
Laprairie  co.,  Quebec,  on  Little  River  St.  Pierre,  6  miles 
from  Laprairie. 

Saint-Cosme,  s^n»  kom,  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Sarthe,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Mamers.     Pop.  1770. 

Saint  Cristoval  de  la  Laguna,  also  called  La- 
guna,  a  town  of  TeneriSe.     See  San  Ckistoval. 

Saint  Croix,  a  West  India  island.     See  Santa  Cri;z. 

Saint  Croix,  s§nt  kroi',  also  called  PasVsama- 
quod'dy  and  Schoodic,  skoo'dik,  a  river  which  rises 
from  Grand  Lake,  on  the  border  between  Maine  and  New 
Brunswick,  and,  flowing  in  a  general  S.S.E.  direction,  but 
in  a  very  winding  course,  falls  into  Passamaquoddy  Bay, 
It  forms  the  boundary  for  its  whole  course  between  the 
United  States  and  New  Brunswick.     Length,  75  miles. 

Saint  Croix,  a  river  of  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Douglas 
CO.,  near  the  W.  end  of  Lake  Superior,  and  flows  S.W. 
until  it  reaches  the  E.  line  of  Minnesota.  From  this  point 
it  pursues  a  general  S.  course,  forming  the  boundary  be- 
tween Minnesota  and  AVisconsin,  and  falls  into  the  Missis- 
sippi River  38  miles  below  St.  Paul.  The  whole  length 
is  about  200  miles,  and  it  is  100  yards  wide  at  its  mouth. 
St.  Croix  Lake,  an  expansion  of  this  rirer,  is  36  miles  long 


SAl 


2340 


BAT 


and  3  or  4  miles  wide  ;  it  is  not  more  than  1  mile  from  the 
mouth  of  the  river.  Several  fulls  occur  in  the  St.  Croix 
about  the  raiddio  of  its  course. 

Saint  Croix,  a  county  in  the  AV.  part  of  Wisconsin, 
bordering  on  Minnesota,  has  an  area  of  about  72U  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  St.  Croix  llivcr, 
and  also  drained  by  Apple,  Willow,  nnd  Rush  Rivers.  The 
surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  is  partly  covered  with 
forests  of  pine,  sugar-maple,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  and  lumber  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  St. 
Paul,  Minneapolis  A  Omaha  Railroad  and  the  Wisconsin 
Centnil  Railroad.  Capital,  Hudson.  Pop.  in  1870, 11,0.15  ; 
in  1S75,  14,98«;  in  1880,  18,956;  in  ISUO,  23,1.S9. 

Saint  Croix  (Fr.  pron.  sin*  krw4),  a  post-village  in 
Hants  CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  St.  Croix  River,  1}  miles 
from  Newport  Station.  It  contains  2  saw-mills,  a  grist- 
mill, a  carding-mill,  and  gypsum-quarries.     Pop.  120. 

Saint  Croix,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  new  Bruns- 
wick, on  tho  European  A  North  American  Railway,  1  mile 
from  Vanceborough,  Me.     It  contains  a  large  tannery. 

Saint  Croix,  a  post-village  in  Lotbinivre  co.,  Quebec, 
on  the  S.  bank  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  3.3  miles  above  Quebec. 
It  contains  a  church,  an  academy,  6  saw-mills,  2  grist-mills, 
a  carding-mill,  and  4  or  5  stores.     Pop.  750. 

Saint  Croix  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co..  Wis., 
on  the  St.  Croix  River,  about  33  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Hudson. 
It  is  nearly  opposite  the  village  of  Taylor's  Falls,  in  Min- 
nesota, and  is  at  the  head  of  navigation.  It  has  a  church, 
2  flouring-mills,  and  a  newspaper  office.  The  river  affords 
great  water-power  here. 

Saint  Croix  Lake,  an  expansion  of  the  St.  Croix 
River,  forms  part  of  the  boundary  between  Minnesota  and 
Wisconsin.  It  extends  from  Stillwater,  or  Hudson,  south- 
ward nearly  to  Prescott,  and  is  about  2  miles  wide. 

Saint  Cnth'bert,  a  post-village  in  Berthier  co.,  Que- 
bec, on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Berthier 
en  Haut.  It  has  4  eaw-mills,  a  carding-mill,  and  several 
stores. 

Saint  Cyprian  (sip're-an)  Bay,  an  inlet  of  tho  At- 
lantic Ocean,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Africa,  immediately  N.  of 
Cape  Barbas.  Lat.  22°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  17°  W.  It  receives 
the  river  St.  Cyprian,  50  miles  in  length. 

Saint-Cyprien,  siv  see'p^e-i^■»',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Dordogne,  9  miles  AV.  of  Sarlat.     Pop.  1527. 

Saint-Cyprien,  a  village  of  France,  in  Aveyron,  16 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Rode«.     Pop.  1800. 

Saint  Cyprien,  Quebec.    See  NxpiEnviLLE. 

Saint-Cyr,  siN"  seen,  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine-et- 
Oise,  2i  miles  W.  of  Versailles.  Its  famous  militia  school, 
established  in  1803,  occupies  part  of  the  royal  abbey  founded 
by  Louis  XIV.  in  1686.     Pop.  2308. 

Saint"Cyr,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Seine-et- 
Marne,  arrondissement  of  Coulommiers.     Pop.  1452. 

Saint-Cyr,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Var, 
arrondissement  of  Toulon.     Pop.  2015. 

Saint-Cyr-au-Mont-d'Or,  sdN"  seen  5  mftN"  don, 
a  village  of  France,  in  Rhdne,  near  the  SaOnc,  3  miles  N. 
of  Lyons.     Pop.  1769. 

Saint-Cyr-du-BailleuI,  sis»  seen  dii  bS.h'yuh',  a 
village  of  France,  in  Manche,  near  Mortain.     Pop.  1754. 

Saint-Cyr-en-Pail,  siN"  seen  6x°  p4l,  a  village  of 
France,  in  Mayenno,  canton  of  Prez-en-Pail.     Pop.  1213. 

Saint  Cyrille,  s4n»  see^neel',  a  post-village  in  L'Islet 
CO.,  Quebec,  7  miles  from  L'Islet.     Pop.  150. 

Saint  Damase,  s&n<>  di'mjlz',  a  post-village  in  St. 
Ilyacinthe  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Yamoska  River,  7^  miles 
S.  of  St.  Ilyacinthe. 

Saint  Damien  de  Brandon,  silx"  d&'me-iLN<>'  d^h 
brfiN»M6No',  a  post- village  in  Berthier  co.,  Quebec,  27i  miles 
N.W.  of  Berthier  en  Haut.    Pop.  100. 

Saint  Da'vid,  a  seaport  on  the  S.AV.  coast  of  Prince 
Edward  Island,  Queens  co.,  in  lat.  46°  23'  N. 

Saint  David,  one  of  the  Bermuda  Islands.  Lat.  32° 
10'  N. :  Ion.  64°  20'  W. 

Saint  Da'vid,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Fulton  co., 
111.,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  4J  miles 
S.  of  Canton. 

Saint  Da'vids,  a  decayed  city  of  AVales,  co.  of  Pem- 
broke, near  its  W.  extremity,  on  the  Allan,  near  its  mouth, 
on  the  N.  side  of  St.  Bride's  Bay,  15  miles  W. N.W.  of  Ilaver- 
ford-AVest.  Its  cathedral,  307  feet  in  length  internally,  has 
a  lofty  tower,  a  fine  Gothic  chapel,  and  rich  decorations. 
Near  it  are  the  ruined  college  of  fet.  Mary,  founded  in  1377, 
and  the  decayed  episcopal  palace.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Saint  Da'vids,  a  post-village  in  Niagara  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  Great  AYestern  Railway,  5  miles  AY.  of  Clifton.    It 


contains  a  church,  a  tannery,  and  several  stores,  hotels,  and 
flouring-inills.     Po]).  270. 

Saint  David's  Head,  the  westernmost  point  of 
Wolcs,  in  lat.  61°  50'  N.,  Ion.  5°  15'  AY. 

Saint  Day,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Cornwall,  7  miles 
AY.  of  Truro.     Pop.  2700,  chiefly  employed  in  mining. 

Saint-Den'is  (Fr.  pron.  sAn*  d?h-nee'),  a  town  of 
France,  dejiartment  of  Seine,  with  a  station  on  tho  Unilway 
du  Nord,  5i  miles  N.  of  the  centre  of  Paris.  Pop.  29, 500, 
It  has  a  theatre,  public  library,  and  several  annual  fairs; 
but  it  is  chiefly  celebrated  for  its  church,  which  from  the 
seventh  century  was  the  principal  burial-place  of  the 
kings  of  France.  This  is  a  noble  Gothic  edifice,  415}  feet 
in  length,  106i  feet  in  breadth,  with  2  towers  nnd  a  ppiro 
Saint-Denis  has  nurseries,  tanneries,  and  manufactures  oj 
chemical  products,  cards,  starch,  candles,  machinery,  Ac. 

Saint-Dcnis,  a  village  of  France,  in  Charentc-lnfC- 
rieure,  in  the  island  of  OlCron,  with  a  port.     Pop.  1659. 

Saint-Denis,  sin"  d^h-nee',  the  capital  town  of  th« 
French  island  of  R6union,  in  the  Indian  Ocean,  on  the  N. 
coast  of  the  island,  at  tho  mouth  of  tho  river  Saint-Denis. 
Lat.  20°  52'  S. ;  Ion.  55°  30'  24"  E.  Pop.  40,000,  It  is  the 
residence  of  the  governor  of  the  island,  the  seat  of  a  high 
court,  and  has  a  college,  hos])ital,  botanic  garden,  a  bank, 
and  an  active  general  trade.  It  is  situated  on  an  exposed 
roadstead,  the  best  in  the  island. 

Saint  Den'is,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  at 
Relay  Station  on  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  9  miles 
S.AV.  of  Baltimore.     Pop.  about  300. 

Saint  Denis,  siN"  d^h-nee',  a  post-villnge  of  Quebec, 
CO.  of  St.  Ilyacinthe,  on  the  river  Richelieu,  14  miles  N.  of 
St.  Hilaire  A'illage.  It  contains  7  or  8  stores,  and  saw-, 
grist-,  and  carding-mills. 

Saint-Denis-de- Jouhet,  silx"  d?h-nce'  d?h  zhoo'4', 
a  village  of  France,  in  Indre,  7  miles  S.AV.  of  La  Chitre. 

Saint  Denis  de  la  Boutelleric,  six"  d^h-nce'  d^h 
U  booH6rieh-ree',  a  post-village  in  Kamouraska  co.,  Quebec, 
on  the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railway,  97  miles  below  Quebec.     It  contains  4  stores. 

Saint-Denis-d'Orques,  si.v  d§h-nec'  donk,  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  21  miles  AV.  of  Le  Mans.     Pop.  2371. 

Saint-Denis-le-Chevasse,  sIno  deh-nee'  l?h  sh^h- 
vilss',  a  village  of  France,  in  Vendde,  canton  of  Poir6-sur- 
Vie.     Pop.  1603. 

Saint-Denis-le-Gast,  siN-°  d?h-nec'  l?h  gist,  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  in  Manche,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Coutances. 

Saint-Denis-le-V6tn,  s.^^•»  d^h-nee'  l?h  v4"tU',  a 
village  of  France,  in  Manche,  4  miles  S.  of  Coutances. 

Saint-Denis-sur-Sarthon,six<>  d?h-nee'  sUit  saK'- 
t^N"',  a  village  of  France,  in  Orne,  0  miles  N.W.  of  Alcnf  on. 

Saint  Den'nis  Bayou,  bi'oo,  of  Louisiana,  traverses 
the  parish  of  Jefferson,  and  flows  into  Barataria  Bay. 

Saint  De'roin',  a  post-village  of  Nemaha  co..  Neb., 
on  the  Missouri  River,  about  80  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lincoln. 
It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Saint  Didace,  s4n<>  dee'diss',  a  post-village  in  Mas- 
kinonge  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  Maskinonge,  48  miles  W. 
of  Three  Rivers. 

Saint-Didier-au-3Iont-d'Or,  s4n»  dee'de-i'  8 
mi»N"  don,  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Rhone,  5 
miles  N.  of  Lyons.     Pop.  1308. 

Saint-Didier-de-Chalaronne,sixo  dce'de  A'  dgh 
shlMlVonn',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ain,  16  miles  N.  of 
Trevoux.     Pop.  2673. 

Saint-Didier-de-la-Tonr,  sAn"  dee*de-i'  d?h  11 
toou,  a  village  of  France,  in  Isere,  arrondissement  of  La 
Tour  du  Pin.     Pop.  1550. 

Saint-Didier-la-Seauve,  slv  dce'de-4'  11  sl'ov', 
a  town  of  France,  in  Haute-Loire,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Yssin- 
geaux.     Pop.  2219. 

Saint- Didier-sur-DoulonjslNodee'dc-l' sua  doo^- 
16n«',  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute-Loire,  8  miles  E.  of 
Brioude.     Pop.  1694. 

Saint-Didier-sur-Rochefort,  sIn*"  dee'de-4'  stta, 
roshVon',  a  village  of  France,  in  Loire,  16  miles  N.AY.  of. 
Montbrison.     Pop.  1433.  ,' 

Saint-Di^,  sIn"  de-1',  a  town  of  France,  department' 
of  Vosges,   32  miles  E.N.E.  of  Epinal,  on  tho  Meurtho.- ' 
Pop.  12,020.    It  has  a  communal  college,  cotton-mills,  taa^ 
neries,  paper-mills,  iron-forges,  and  manufactures  of  ma- 
chinery, carpets,  hosiery,  Ac.     In  its  vicinity  are  iron-  and  ^1 
copper-mines  and  marble-quarries.  > 

Saint-Dizier,  sIn"  dee'ze-1',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Ilaute-Marne,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Marnc,  where  it 
becomes  navigable,  10  miles  N.  of  A'' assy.  Pop.  9J53.  It  is 
handsome,  and  was  formerly  fortified;  it  has  a  college,  a 
fine  town  hall,  a  hospital,  a  ruined  castle  docks  for  building 


SAI 


2341 


SAI 


vessels,  iron-furnaces,  forges,  manufactures  of  cutlery,  locks, 
chains,  nails,  Ac,  and  an  active  export  trade  in  iron  and 
timber.  In  1544  it  sustained  a  siege  by  Charles  V.;  and  in 
1814  the  French  troops  hero  twice  defeated  a  part  of  the 
allied  army. 

Saint  Domingo.    See  Santo  Domingo, 

Saint  Dominique,  sisf  do'me'neek',  a  post-village 
in  Bagot  CO.,  Quebec,  8  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Ilyacinthe. 

Saint  Dominique  des  Cedres,  sis"  do'me^neck'  di 
sid'r,  a  post-village  in  Soulanges  co.,  Quebec,  7i  miles  N. 
of  Cedars. 

Snint  Donat)  s&n<>  do^nS.',  a  post-village  in  Rimouski 
CO..  Quebec,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  10  miles 
N.E.  of  St.  Anaclct. 

Saint>Donat-Ie-Roman,  !=4no  do^ni'  l§h  ro'^mby', 
0.  town  of  France,  in  Drome,  13  miles  N.  of  Valence. 

Saint  Dona'tus,  a  post-village  of  .lackson  co.,  Iowa, 
in  Teto  des  Morts  township,  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Dubuque. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  convent,  a  flour-mill,  &a. 

Sainte  Agathe,  siNt  i'g3,t',  a  post-village  in  Lot- 
binicre  co.,  Quebec,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Lotbiniere.     Pop.  325. 

Sainte  Agathe  des  Monts,  sixt  4'git'  di  ni6x",  or 
Ber'esford,  a  post-village  in  Terrebonne  co.,  Quebec,  on 
the  North  River,  60  miles  N.  of  Montreal.  It  has  a  church, 
4  stores,  4  hotels,  4  saw-mills,  and  2  grist-mills. 

Sainte  Agnes,  s5,.\t  iv'yds',  a  post-village  of  Quebec, 
CO.  of  Charlevoix,  10  miles  from  Murray  Bay. 

Sainte  Agnes  de  Dundee,  si.vt  iN'yfis'  d^h  dun'- 
deo',  a  post-village  in  Huntingdon  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river 
St.  Lawrence,  12  miles  above  St.  Anicet. 

Sainte  Anastasie  de  Nelson.    Sec  Lysteu. 

Sainte  Angele,  sd.vt  6N°^zhir,  a  post-village  in  Rou- 
ville  CO.,  Quebec,  6  miles  from  Ste.  Marie  de  Monnoir. 
It  contains  5  stores.     Pop.  600. 

Sainte  Angele  de  Laval,  sLvt  6s°'zhir  d?h  li'vil', 
or  Dou'eett's  Land'ing,  a  post-village  and  parish  in 
Nicolet  CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  at 
the  N.W.  terminus  of  the  Three  Rivers  Branch  of  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railway,  2  miles  from  Three  Rivers.     Pop.  150. 

Sainte  Angelique,  si.vt  iN^'zhiMeek',  a  post-village 
in  Ottawa  co.,  Quebec,  5  miles  from  Papineauville. 

Sainte-Anne,  sist  inn,  a  mountain  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Orne,  8  miles  from  Alenfon. 

Sainte  Anne  (Fr.  pron.  siNt  4nn),  a  river  of  Quebec, 
after  a  S.W.  course  estimated  at  120  miles,  joins  the  St. 
Lawrence  on  its  N.  bank,  about  50  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Quebec, 
At  its  mouth  it  is  1200  feet  across.  Shallows  and  numerous 
rapids  impede  its  navigation. 

Sainte-Anne,  siNt  inn,  a  maritime  village  of  Guade- 
loupe, on  the  S.  coast  of  Grande-Terre,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of 
La  Point-a-P!tre.     Pop.  of  commune,  7239. 

Sainte-Anne,  a  village  of  Martinique,  near  the  S. 
extremity  of  the  island.     Pop.  of  commune,  2865. 

Sainte  Anne  Bout  de  I'Isle,  sdxt  inn  boo  d^h  leel, 
a  thriving  post-village  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Jacques  Cartier,  at 
the  confluence  of  the  rivers  Ottawa  and  St.  Lawrence,  and 
on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  21  miles  W.  of  Montreal,  It 
is  a  favorite  resort  during  the  summer  months. 

Sainte  Anne  de  Beaupre,  sksi  inn  d§h  bo'pri',  a 
post-village  in  Montmorency  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  N.  shore  of 
the  St.  Lawrence,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Ste.  Anne,  22  miles 
below  Quebec.  It  contains  a  church  and  a  dozen  stores. 
There  are  very  picturesque  falls  near  the  village.     Pop.  300. 

Sainte  Anne  de  la  Perade,  d§h  lipeh'nid',  a  post- 
village  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Champlain,  on  the  river  Ste.  Anne, 
65  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Quebec.  It  contains  a  church,  sev- 
eral saw-  and  grist-mills,  and  about  12  stores.     Pop.  1000. 

Sainte  Anne  de  la  Pocatiere,  d§h  li  po'kiHe- 
aiit',  a  post-village  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Kamouraska,  on  the 
S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railway,  86  miles  below  Quebec.  It  contains,  besides  a 
church  and  several  hotels,  a  college,  one  of  the  most  ex- 
tensive in  the  province,  usually  attended  by  about  200  stu- 
dents.    Pop.  of  parish,  3134. 

Sainte  Anne  de  Restigouche,  d?h  nSs'tee'goosh', 
a  village  in  Bonaventure  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  Resti- 
gouche, 1  mile  from  Cross  Point.  It  is  chiefly  inhabited  by 
Indians  of  the  Micmac  tribe.     Pop.  200. 

Sainte  Anne  des  3Ionts,  di  m6No,  a  post- village  of 
Quebec,  CO.  of  Gaspe,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  river  Ste.  Anne,  184J  miles  below  Riviere 
du  Loup  en  Bas.  There  are  several  rivers  of  the  same  name 
in  this  district.  The  village  contains  a  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill, 
and  2  stores,  and  has  a  good  fishery. 

Sainte  Anne  des  Plaines,  di  pl8n,  a  post-village  in 
Terrebonne  co.,  Quebec,  28  miles  N.  of  Montreal. 

Sainte  Anne  de  Stukely,  Quebec.    See  Rochelle. 


Sainte-Baume,  siNt  bom,  a  mountain  in  the  S.  B.  of 
France,  Var,  canton  of  Saint-Maximin.     Height,  2850  feet. 

Sainte  Beatrix,  siNt  bi'i'treeks',  a  post-village  in 
Joliette  CO.,  Quebec,  18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Jolielte. 

Sainte  Brigide,  siNt  bre^zheed',  a  post-village  in 
Iberville  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Stanstead,  Shefford  it  Chambly 
Railway,  10  miles  E.  of  St.  John's,  Pop.  400.  There  are 
extensive  peat  bogs  in  the  vicinity. 

Sainte  Brigide  des  Saults,  siNt  bre'zhced'  di  so, 
a  post-village  in  Nicolet  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  Nicolet, 
60  miles  below  Montreal. 

Sainte  Brigitte  de  Laval,  Quebec.    See  Latal. 

Sainte- Croix,  sixt  krwi,  a  vill.age  of  Switzerland, 
in  Vaud,  on  the  French  frontier,  7  miles  W,  of  Grandson, 
Principal  industries,  watch-  and  lace-making.     Pop.  4788. 

Sainte  Croix,  West  Indies,    See  Santa  Cruz, 

Sainte-Croix-de-Volvestre,  siNt  krwi  d^h  vol^- 
vSst'r',  a  village  of  France,  9  miles  N.  of  Saint-G irons. 

Saint  Edmundsbury.    See  Bi'ry  St,  Edmund's. 

Sainte  Dorothee,  siNt  doVo'ti',  a  post-village  in 
Laval  CO.,  Quebec,  15  miles  from  Montreal, 

Saint  Edouard,  siNt  i'dooVau',  a  post-village  in  Na- 
pierville  co.,  Quebec,  on  Riviere  La  Tortue,  4  miles  from 
La  Pigeonnicre,  Pop,  600.  See  also  Rivieue  Bois  Clair, 
and  FuAiiPTON, 

Saint  Ed'ward,  a  post-hamlet  of  Boone  co.,  Neb., 
about  30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Columbus.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Sainte  Elz^ar,  siNt  il-zk-mi',  a  post-village  in  Beauce 
CO.,  Quebec,  27  miles  S.  of  St.  Henri  de  Lauzon,  It  con- 
tains 4  saw-mills,  2  grist-mills,  and  4  stores.     Pop.  500. 

Sainte  Emelie,  Quebec.     See  Leclekcvillk, 

Sainte  Emilie  de  I'Energie,  siNt  i^meeMee'  d^h 
li'niu'zhee',  a  post-village  in  Joliette  co.,  Quebec,  on  the 
Black  River,  42  miles  N.  of  Montreal.     Pop.  200. 

Sainte  Familie  d'Orleans,  siNt  fi'meel'  doR'li'- 
6n<>',  a  post- village  in  Montmorency  co.,  Quebec,  on  the 
_  Isle  of  Orleans,  in  the  St.  Lawrence,  17  miles  below  Quebec, 

Sainte  Flavie,  siNt  fliVce',  a  post-village  in  Rimouski 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  on 
the  Intercolonial  Railway,  87  miles  below  Riviere  du  Loup 
en  Bas.    Pop.  450. 

Sainte-Foy,  siNt  fwi,  a  town  of  France,  in  Gironde, 
on  the  left  bank  of  the  Dordogne,  42  miles  E.  of  Bordeaux. 
It  has  manufactures  of  hosiery  and  wine.     Pop,  3916, 

Sainte-Foy,  a  town  of  France,  in  Rh6ne,  2  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Lyons.     Pop.  4337. 

Sainte- Gem  me-  (orGemmes-)d*Andigne,siNl 
zhSmm  d6No^deeii',  a  village  of  France,  in  Maine-et-Loirc, 
20  miles  N.W.  of  Angers.     Pop.  1180. 

Sainte-Gemme-  (or  Genimes-)  le-Robert,  sixt 
zhSmm  l§h  ro'baiii',  a  village  of  France,  in  Mayenne,  20 
miles  N.E.  of  Laval.     Pop.  415. 

Saiute-Gemme-  (or  Gemmes-)  sur-Loire,  siNt 
zhSmm  sUr  IvvaR,  a  village  of  France,  in  Maine-et-Loiro, 
arrondissement  of  Angers.     Pop.  1883. 

Sainte  Genevieve,  Missouri.   See  Saint  Genevieve, 

Sainte-Genevieve,  siNt  zh§h-n§h-ve-iv',  a  village 
of  France,  in  Aveyron,  19  miles  N.  of  Espalion.    Pop.  1735. 

Sainte-Genevieve,  a  village  of  France,  in  Oise,  11 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Beauvais.     Pop.  1519. 

Sainte  Genevieve,  siNt  zh§h-neh-ve-aiv',  a  post- 
village  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Jacques  Cartier,  on  Rivi6re  des 
Prairies,  20  miles  W.  of  Montreal.  It  has  a  church,  a  con- 
vent, and  stores.     Near  it  are  mineral  springs.     Pop.  1672. 

Sainte  Genevieve  de  Batiscan.    See  Batiscan. 

Sainte  Germain,  Quebec.    See  Lake  Etchemin. 

Sainte  Gertrude,  Canada.    See  Saint  Gertrude, 

Sainte-Helene,  siNt  i'l^n'  ori'lain',  several  villages 
of  France,  departments  of  Morbihan,  Lozere,  Seine-Infe- 
rieure,  Vosges,  Gironde,  <tc.,  and  one  in  Savoy,  6  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Albert-Ville. 

Sainte-Helene,  the  French  name  of  Saint  Helena. 

Sainte  Helene,siNt  iMain',  a  post-village  in  Kamou- 
raska CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  and 
on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  108  miles  below  Quebec. 

Sainte  Helene  de  Bagot,  d§h  bi'gO',  a  post-village 
in  Bagot  co.,  Quebec,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Upton.     Pop.  100. 

Sainte  Henedine,  sixt  i^n?hVleen',  a  post-village  of 
Quebec,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Dorchester,  16  miles  S.E.  of 
St.  Henri  de  Lauzon.  It  has  a  church,  the  county  buildings, 
several  saw-  and  grist-mills,  and  potash-factories. 

Sainte-Honorine-la-Chardonne,  sixt  o'no^ 
reen'  li  shau'donn',  a  village  of  France,  in  Orne,  17  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Domfront,     Pop.  1245. 

Sainte  Iren6e,  siNt  eeVi'ni',  a  post-village  in  Charle- 
voix CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  St,  Lawrence,  78 
miles  below  Quebec,     Pop.  about  1000. 


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2342 


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Sainte  Jolie  de  Somerset,  nkvt  zhiiMee'  d^h  som*- 
Jr'set',  ft  )>o8t-villngo  in  Mej;nntio  co.,  Quebec,  li  miles  from 
Becanoour  Station.  It  contains  soverul  saw-  and  grist- 
mills, and  6  stores.     Pop.  SOU. 

Sainte  Jnlie  de  Vcrch^res,  s&xt  chiiMee'  dfh  vIr^- 
shaiH',  a  post-village  in  VorchJrcs  co.,  Quebec,  at  the  foot 
of  Houchervillo  Muuntiiin,  4J  miles  from  St.  IJruno. 

Sainte  Julienne,  sAnt  thilMe-An',  a  post-village  of 
Quobee,  oapital  of  the  co.  of  Montcalm,  on  the  river  St. 
Esprit,  23  miles  N.W.  of  L'Assomption.  It  has  4  or  5  stores 
and  several  saw-  and  grist-mills.     Pop.  400. 

Sainte  Justine,  Quebec.    See  Langkvin. 

Sainte  Justine  de  Newton,  s&Nt  zhlls'teen'  dfh 
new't^n,  a  post-village  in  Vaudrouil  co.,  Quebec,  14  miles 
NAV.  of  Cotcau  Station. 

Saint  Sleanors,  s^nt  dl'^-nnrz,  a  post-village  in 
Prince  co.,  Prince  Edward  Island,  on  the  Prince  Edward 
Island  Railway,  2J  miles  from  Summorside.     Pop.  400. 

Saint  Ele'na  (Sp.  Snnia  Elena,  8&n't&  &-l&'n&),  a  point 
and  maritime  village  of  Ecuador,  province  of  Manabi ;  the 
point  in  lat.  2°  12'  S.,  Ion.  81°  W.,  and  the  village  on  tho 
Bay  of  St.  Elena,  .SO  miles  S.E. 

Saint  Elias,  Mount.    See  Mount  Saint  Elias. 

Saint  Elie  de  Caxton,  sdNt  &Meo'  d^h  kJlx'tpn,  a 
post-village  in  St.  Maurice  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Yamachicho 
River,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Three  Rivers.  It  has  a  church,  2 
■tores,  and  2  saw-mills. 

Saint  Eliz'abeth,  a  post-hamlct  of  Miller  eo.,  Mo., 
on  the  Osage  River,  25  miles  S.  of  Jefferson  City.  It  has 
a  church. 

Saint  Eliz'abeth,  a  post-village  in  Jolictte  co.,  Que- 
bec, on  the  river  Bayonne,  45  miles  N.E.  of  Montreal.  It 
has  an  agricultural-implement  factory,  a  tannery,  and  sev- 
eral stores.     Pop.  400. 

Saint  EI'mo,  a  post-village  of  Mobile  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  New  Orleans  &  Mobile  Railroad,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Mobile.  It  has  a  church  and  2  f.-eo  schools.  Turpentine 
and  other  products  are  shipped  here. 

Saint  Elmo,  a  post-oQice  of  Schley  co.,  Ga. 

Saint  Elmo,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  111.,  in 
Avcna  township,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  &  Terre  Haute 
Railroad,  14  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Vandalia.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  carriage-shop.   Coal  is  found  near  this  place.    P.  27.S. 

Saint  Elmo,  a  post-village  of  Claiborne  co.,  Miss.,  14 
miles  E.  of  Port  Gibson.     It  has  a  church  and  a  store. 

Saint  Elmo,  a  post-office  of  Travis  co.,  Tex. 

Saint  Eloi,  sist  4Mw5,',  a  post-village  in  Teraiscouata 
CO.,  Quebec,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Isle  Verto.     P.  of  parish,  11.34. 

Sainte  Louise  des  Aulnaies,  s^Nt  loo'cez'  ddz  o- 
ni',  a  post-village  in  L'Islet  co.,  Quebec,  i  mile  from  St. 
Roch  des  Aulnaies.     Pop.  150. 

Saiute-Luce,  eiat  lUss,  a  town  on  the  S.  coast  of  the 
island  of  Martinique,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Fort-de-France. 
Pop.  1569. 

Sainte-Lucie,  West  Indies.    See  Saint  Lucia. 

Sainte  Marguerite,  siNt  man'gh?h-reet',  a  river  of 
Quebec,  joins  the  Saguenay  14  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Sainte  Marguerite,  a  post-village  in  Dorchester  co., 
Quebec,  8  miles  N.Vf.  of  Frampton.  It  has  saw-,  carding-, 
and  fulling-mills,  and  several  stores.  Pop.  400.  Iron  and 
copper  are  found  in  the  vicinity.    See  also  Lac  Masson. 

Sainte-Marguerite.    See  Lerins  Isles. 

Saintc-Marie,  or  Sainte-Marie-de-Madagas- 
car,  siNt  miVee'  d§h  mi'di^gis'kau'  (native  name,  Nossi 
Ibrahim,  or  Nossi  Burrah),  a  French  island  on  the  E.  coast 
of  Madagascar,  lat.  17°  S.,  divided  by  a  narrow  channel 
into  two  islets.  Area,  67  square  miles.  The  soil  is  of  vol- 
canic origin,  but  rocky  and  poor,  and  the  climate  sickly  and 
damp.  It  is  chiefly  important  as  the  seat  of  an  active 
commerce.  Chief  town,  Sainte-Marie,  a  free  port,  with  a 
good  harbor.     Pop.  6948,  mostly  of  Malagassy  race. 

Sainte-Marie,  sfLNt  mHVeo',  a  town  of  the  island  of 
Martinique,  on  its  N.E.  side.     Pop.  5865. 

Sainte-Marie,  a  commune  in  tho  island  of  Reunion, 
on  its  N.  coast.     Pop.  1425. 

Sainte-Marie-Audenhove,  siNt  miVee'  SMSn'ov', 
a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanders,  8  miles  E.  of  Aude- 
narde.     Pop.  2025. 

Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines.    See  Markircb. 

Sainte  Marie  de  la  Beauce.    See  La  Beauce. 

Sainte  Marie  de  Monnoir,  s^Nt  miVee'  d^h  mon'- 
nwan',  or  Marieville,  a  village  of  Quebec,  capital  of  the 
CO.  of  Rouville,  on  the  Montreal,  Chambly  &  Sorel  Railway, 
21  miles  S.E.  of  Montreal.  It  has  a  church,  college,  5  stores, 
tannery,  Ac,  and  a  large  trade  in  produce.     Pop.  723. 

Sainte  Marthe,  si.vt  mant,  a  post-village  in  Vau- 
dr«ail  co.,  Quebec,  13  miles  from  Coteau  Station.  Pop.  300. 


Sainte  Martine,  sAst  manHeon',  a  post-village  of 
Quebec,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Chateauguay,  on  the  river  Cha- 
teauguay,  13i  miles  S.  of  Caughnawnga.  It  has  tho  county 
buildings,  a  church,  several  hotels,  stores,  mills,  and  tan- 
neries.    Pop.  700. 

Sainte-Manre,  sIlNt  mSn,  a  town  of  France,  in  Indre- 
et-Loiro,  on  the  Manse,  18  miles  E.S.E.  of  Chinon,  on  th* 
railroad  from  Bordeaux  to  Paris.     Pop.  1684. 

Sainte  M6lanic,  Quebec.     See  Daillebout. 

Sainte-Menchould,s&Ntm£n'hoo',atown  of  France, 
in  Marne,  on  tho  Aisne,  at  tho  influx  of  tho  Auvc,  20  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Chftlons.  Pop.  3376.  It  has  a  forest  board,  a 
communal  college,  and  manufactures  of  glass,  hosiery,  and 
leather.  It  was  formerly  fortified,  and  was  taken  by  Louis 
XIV.  in  1653. 

Sainte-M^re-Eglise,  sAnI  min  i'glcez',  a  town  of 
Franco,  in  Manche,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Valognes.     Pop.  147  I. 

Sainte-Monique,  sIlNt  mo'neek',  a  post-village  ia 
Nicolet  CO.,  Quebec,  8  miles  from  Nicolet.     Pop.  500. 

Sainte  Philombne,  sA.Nt  feeMo'min',  a  post-village 
and  parish  in  Chateauguay  co.,  Quebec,  8  miles  from  Caugh- 
nawaga.     It  contains  a  church  and  several  stores.  P.  1548 

Saint  Ephrem  de  Tring,siNt  4-fr5m'  d?h  trecng,  a 
post-village  in  Beauce  co.,  Quebec,  70  miles  S.  of  Quebec. 
It  contains  saw-,  grist-,  and  carding-mills,  and  3  stores. 
Pop.  200. 

Saint  Ephrem  d'Upton,  sAxt  i-frfim'  dup'ton,  or 
Upton,  a  post-village  in  Bagot  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railway,  48  miles  E.  of  Montreal.  It  contains  7  or 
8  stores,  2  saw-mills,  a  manufactory  of  extract  of  hemlock 
bark,  and  a  tannery.  Pop.  350 ;  of  parish,  1.392.  There 
are  valuable  copper-mines  in  the  vicinity. 

Saint  Epipnanie,  Quebec.    See  Viger. 

Sainte  Rosalie,  sist  ro'z8,Moo',  a  post-village  in 
Bagot  CO.,  Quebec,  4i  miles  N.E.  of  St.  llyacinthe.  Pop. 
100;  of  parish,  1591. 

Sainte-Rose,  siNt  roz,  a  town  of  Guadeloupe,  on  its 
N.  coast,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Port  Louis.     Pop.  5033. 

Sainte-Rose,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Reunion,  on  its 
E.  coast,  31  miles  S.E.  of  Saint-Denis.     Pop.  2700. 

Sainte  Rose,  sS,\t  roz,  a  post-village  of  Quebec,  cap- 
ita! of  the  CO.  of  Lava!  (Isle  Jesus),  on  the  S.  shore  of  the 
river  Jesus  (a  branch  of  the  Ottawa),  and  on  the  Montreal 
Northern  Colonization  Railway,  16^  miles  N.W.  of  Mon- 
treal. It  contains  a  church,  a  tannery,  and  6  stores.  Pop. 
736;  of  parish,  1816. 

Saintes,  s3,Nt  (anc.  Mediola'nnm),  a  town  of  France,  in 
Charente-Inferieure,  42  miles  S.E.  of  La  Rochelle,  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  Charente.  Lat.  45°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  0°  38'  W. 
Pop.  11,150.  It  has  a  fine  cathedral,  a  communal  college, 
a  public  library,  a  tribunal  of  commerce,  an  extensive  trade 
in  cognac  brandy,  and  manufactures  of  leather,  crockery, 
bolting-cloth,  candles,  &c.  Saintes  was  the  capital  of  the 
old  province  of  Saintonge. 

Saintes,  Les,  French  West  Indies.     See  Lks  Saintes. 

Sainte  Scholastique,  siNt  skoMlsHeek',  an  incor- 
porated village  of  Quebec,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Two  Jloun- 
tains,  on  Belle  Rivifire,  36  miles  W.  of  Montreal.  It  con- 
tains, besides  the  county  buildings,  a  church,  a  tannery,  3 
hotels,  and  6  stores,  and  has  a  large  trade  in  grain  and 
country  produce.     Pop.  707;  of  parish,  2811. 

Saintes-Maries,  Les.    See  Les  Saintes-Maries. 

Sainte  Sophie  de  Halifax,  silNt  so'fee'  d§h  hi'lee'- 
fix',  a  post-village  in  Megantic  co.,  Quebec,  7  miles  S.E. 
of  Somerset.     Pop.  200. 

Sainte  Sophie  de  Lacorne,  sAxt  so^fee'  d?h  11'- 
koRn',  a  post-village  and  parish  in  Terrebonne  co.,  Quebec, 
34  miles  N.W.  of  Montreal.     Pop.  1311. 

Saint-Esprit,  sixt  is'pree',  a  seaport  town  of  France, 
on  the  Adour,  opposite  Bayonne,  of  which  it  is  a  suburb. 
It  has  a  citadel,  commanding  the  town  and  port  of  Bayonne. 

Saint  Esprit,  sist  §s*pree',  a  post-office  in  Richmond 
CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  sea-coast,  25  miles  from  St.  Peters. 

Saint  Esprit,  a  post-village  and  parish  in  Montcalm 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  St.  Esprit,  17  miles  N.W.  of  L'As- 
somption.    Pop.  1537. 

Sainte-Terre  ("Holy  Land").     See  Palestine.  • 

Sainte  Th^rbse  de  Blainville,  s^Nt  ti'raiz'  d^h 
blS.NoS-eel',  a  village  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Terrebonne,  on  the 
Rivifire  aux  Chiens,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Montreal.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  college,  a  convent,  3  hotels,  8  stores,  a  tannery, 
a  distillery,  a  brewery,  and  several  grist-mills.     Pop.  i)14. 

Saint-Etiennc,  sANt  i'te-finn'  (i.e.,  "  St.  Stephen"),  a 
town  of  France,  in  Loire,  on  the  Furens,  a  small  affluent 
of  the  Loire,  in  the  centre  of  one  of  the  most  valuable  coal- 
fields of  France,  32  miles  by  railway  S.W.  of  Lyons.  Pop. 
in  1891,  133,443.      It  contains   several  spacious   streets 


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formed  of  lofty  and  substantial  houses  of  freestone.  The 
town  is  lighted  with  gas.  The  principal  edifices  are  the 
hotel-de-ville,  comprising  the  town  hall,  exchange,  and  a 
museum  of  the  local  manufactures,  a  court-house,  a  theatre, 
a  public  library,  a  handsome  obelisk  fountain,  and  the 
termini  of  the  two  railways  to  Lyons  and  lloanne.  The 
town  has  a  court  of  first  resort  and  commerce,  a  consulting 
chamber  of  manufactures,  a  national  college,  a  school  of 
mines,  a  chemical  laboratory,  a  public  library,  and  numer- 
ous iron-works.  It  has  acquired  prosperity  in  the  manu- 
facture of  iron-wares,  silk  ribbons,  hardware,  fire-arms, 
cutlery,  files,  nails,  cast  iron,  and  steel.  The  number  of 
looms  is  estimated  at  20,000,  and  the  value  of  the  annual 
produce  of  ribbons,  $13,000,000.  It  has  also  manufactures 
of  other  silk  goods,  lace,  embroidery,  muslins,  cotton  yarn, 
glass,  leather,  paper,  and  lampblack.  The  coal,  to  which 
Saint-Etienne  is  indebted  for  the  main  source  of  its  pros- 
perity, forms  a  very  important  branch  of  trade,  furnishing 
fuel  for  blast-furnaces  and  other  iron-works,  and  for  export. 

Saint  Etieiine.    See  CiiaudiSue  Junction. 

Saint-Etienne-de-Baigorry,  siNt  iHe-^nn'  d?h 
bi'gou^nee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Basses-Pyrenees,  on  the 
Spanish  frontier,  23  miles  S.S.B.  of  Bayonne.  It  has  iron- 
mines  and  marble-quarries. 

Saint  Etienne  de  Beauharnois,  s^xt  iHe-5nn'd§h 
bo\in'nwi',  a  post-village  and  parish  in  Beauharnois  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  river  St.  Louis,  5  miles  from  Beauharnois. 
Pop.  1097. 

Saint  Etienne  de  Bolton.    See  Grass  Pond. 

Saiut-Etienne-de-Lugdares,  siNt  i'te-finn'  d?h 
liigMi^ris',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ardiche,  31  miles  W.  of 
Privas.     Pop.  1586. 

Saint-Etienne-de-Montluc,  sdxt  iHe-4nn'  d?h 
miN»Miik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire-Inferieure,  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Nantes.     Pop.  1129. 

Saint-Etiennc-de-Rouvray,  sixt  iHe-8nn'  d^h 
roovh-d',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-Inf6rieure,  near  the 
Seine,  4  miles  S.  of  Rouen.     Pop.  2788. 

Saint-Etiennc-de-Saint-Geoirs,  siNt  AHe-Snn' 
deh  six"  zhwan,  a  town  of  France,  in  Iscre,  20  miles  N.W. 
of  Grenoble.     Pop.  1836. 

Saint  Etienne  des  Gres,  sd^t  4He-finn'  dk  grk,  a 
post-village  in  St.  Maurice  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  St. 
Maurice,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Three  Rivers.  It  contains  a 
church,  a  tannery,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  300. 

Saint  Eufcinia,  Italy.    See  Santa  Eppemia. 

Saint  Eugene,  s5,Nt  uh^zhin',  a  post-village  in  Pres- 
cott  CO.,  Ontario,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Pointe  Fortune.  It  con- 
tains a  tannery,  a  potash-factory,  &c.     Pop.  400. 

Sainte  Ursule,  siNt  Ur'sUI',  a  post-village  in  Mas- 
kinonge  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Little  Rivifire  du  Loup,  5  miles 
from  Three  Rivers.     Pop.  400.' 

Saint  Eustache,  sist  uh'stish',  a  village  in  the  co. 
of  Two  Mountains,  Quebec,  on  Riviere  du  Chene,  21  miles 
S.W.  of  Montreal.  It  contains  a  church,  a  convent,  an 
academy,  3  hotels,  a  pottery,  and  several  mills  and  stores. 
Pop.  859. 

Saint  Eustatius,  u-sti'she-us,  or  Saint  Eustache, 
one  of  the  Dutch  West  India  Islands,  12  miles  N.W.  of  St. 
Christopher.  Area,  190  square  miles.  Pop.  1809.  It  is 
mountainous,  and  has  two  extinct  volcanoes.  The  climate 
is  healthy,  but  earthquakes  and  hurricanes  are  frequent. 
Capital,  St.  Eustatius,  or  Orange,  on  the  S.AV.  coast. 

Saint  Evariste  de  Forsyth,  si.Nt  dVi'reest'  deh 
for^slth',  a  post-village  in  Beauce  co.,  Quebec,  24  miles 
S.S.W.  of  St.  Franjois,  and  78  miles  S.  of  Quebec.     P.  150. 

Sainte  Victoire,  s5,Nt  vikHwau',  a  post-village  in 
Richelieu  co.,  Quebec,  9  miles  from  Sorel. 

Saint  Fabien,  sax"  fi'be-dN°',  a  post-village  in  Rl- 
mouski  CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  46  i  miles 
below  Riviere  du  Loup  en  Bas.    Pop.  250. 

Saint-Fargeau,  s5.n°  faii^zho',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Yonne,  26  miles  E.S.E.  of  Auxerre,  on  the  Loing.  Here  is 
a  fine  old  castle,  once  the  residence  of  Mademoiselle  Mont- 
pensier,  cousin  of  Louis  XIV.     Pop.  2030. 

Saint  Felicite,  s4n<»  fi'lee'see'ti',  a  post-village  in 
■Rimouski  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  9  miles 
below  Matane. 

Saint  Fe'lix,  an  island  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean,  W. 
of  Copiap6,  in  Chili.     Lat.  26°  21'  S. ;  Ion.  79°  35'  W. 

Saint  Fe'lix,  a  post- village  in  Prince  co.,  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  50  miles  from  Summerside. 

Saint  Fe'lix,  a  cape  on  the  S.  coast  of  Madagascar. 

Saint  F61ix  de  Valois,  sa,N»  fiMeeks'  d§h  viMwa.',  a 
post-village  in  Joliette  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  Bayonne, 
51  miles  N.N.E.  of  Montreal.  It  has  an  iron-foundry,  a 
tannery,  saw-  and  flouring-mills,  and  5  stores.     Pop.  600. 


Saint  Fer'dinand,  a  township  of  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo 
Pop.  7214. 

Saint  Ferdinand  de  Halifax,  sd>-<>  fdnMe-nANo'd^h 
hiMee^fix',  a  post-village  in  Megantic  co.,  Quebec,  on  Lake 
William,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Somerset.  It  has  several  stores 
and  saw-mills.     Pop.  400. 

Saint  F6r6ol,  silLK»  fiVi'ftl',  a  post-village  in  Mont- 
morency CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence, 
30  miles  below  Quebec.  In  the  vicinity  are  attractive 
waterfalls. 

Saint  Fiddle,  siu"  fee'dil',  a  post-village  in  Charle- 
voix CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  ft 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Murray  Bay. 

Saint'field,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Down,  9  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Belfast.     Pop.  904. 

Saint  Flavien,  s^no  fliVe-i\N»',  a  post-village  in 
Lotbiniere  co.,  Quebec,  30  miles  S.W.  of  the  city  of  Quebec. 
It  has  4  stores  and  several  saw-mills.     Pop.  300. 

Saint  Flore,  s4n<»  Aor,  a  post-village  in  Champlain 
CO.,  Quebec,  31  miles  N.N.W.  of  Three  Rivers. 

Saint-Florent,  s^n"  60^6x0'  (It.  San  Fioremo,  sin 
fe-o-rfin'zo),  a  fortified  seaport  town  of  Corsica,  on  its  N. 
side,  on  the  Gulf  of  St.-Florent,  7  miles  W.  of  Bastia. 

Saint>Florent,  s3,n<»  flo^rfiNo',  a  village  of  France, 
department  of  Cher,  on  the  Cher,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Bourges. 

Saint  -  Florentin,  sa,N»  floV6NoHiN»',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Yonne,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Armance  .and 
Armanfon,  and  on  the  Paris  <fc  Lyons  Railway,  15  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Auxerre.     Pop.  2256. 

Saint-Flour,  sdN»  flooR  (rhyming  with  poor),  a  town 
of  France,  in  Cantal,  33  miles  E.N.E.  of  Aurillac.  Pop. 
4848.  It  stands  on  a  rock  near  the  right  bank  of  the  Au- 
zon,  and  has  a  communal  college,  a  public  library,  trade  in 
corn,  and  manufactures  of  glue,  blankets,  pottery,  <fec. 

Saint  Foy,  &t^  fwi,  a  post-village  and  parish  in 
Quebec  00.,  Quebec,  4  miles  S.AV.  of  Quebec.  It  contains  a 
store,  3  hotels,  and  an  inebriate  asylum.     Pop.  1626. 

Saint  Francis,  France.    See  Saint-Fran90is. 

Saint  Fran'cis,  a  headland  of  Africa,  in  Cape  Colony, 
W.  of  St.  Francis  Bay.     Lat.  34°  10'  S. ;  Ion.  24°  63'  E. 

Saint  Francis,  a  lake  of  Canada,  formed  by  the  St. 
Lawrence,  35  miles  S.W.  of  Montreal.     Length,  28  miles. 

Saint  Fran'cis,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Arkansas, 
has  an  area  of  about  625  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  St.  Francis  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Languille 
River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  or  undulating.  The 
soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Little 
Rock  &  Memphis  and  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  k  Southern 
Railroads.  Capital,  Forrest  City.  Pop.  in  1870,  6714;  in 
1880,  8389;  in  1890,  13,543. 

Saint  Francis,  a  township  of  EflSngham  eo..  111. 
Pop.  609. 

Saint  Francis,  a  post-office  and  plantation  of  Aroos- 
took CO.,  Me.,  on  the  river  St.  John,  15  miles  above  Fort 
Kent.     Pop.  253. 

Saint  Francis,  a  post-village  of  Anoka  co.,  Minn.,  in 
St.  Francis  township,  on  Rum  River,  15  miles  N.  of  Anoka, 
and  about  30  miles  N.  of  Minneapolis.  It  has  a  grist-mill, 
a  lumber-mill,  &c.  The  township  has  several  lakes.  Pop. 
of  township,  231. 

SaintFrancis,atownshipof  Butler  CO.,  Mo.  Pop.  246. 

Saint  Francis, atownshipof  Madison  co.,Mo.   P.  386. 

Saint  Fran'cis,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  36  miles  from  Edmundston.     Pop.  1762. 

Saint  Francisco,  California.    See  San  Francisco. 

Saint  Francisco,  Brazil.    See  Sao  Francisco. 

Saint  Francis  Islands,  a  group  of  islands  ofi"  th« 
S.  coast  of  Australia,  in  the  Nuyts  Archipelago.  Lat.  (N. 
extremity)  32°  32'  S. ;  Ion.  133°  17'  E. 

Saint  Francis  Mills,  Quebec.   See  Brompton  Falls. 

Saint  Francis  River,  Missouri,  rises  in  St.  Franyois 
CO.,  runs  southward  to  the  N.E.  corner  of  Arkansas,  inter- 
sects the  COS.  of  Craighead,  Cross,  and  St.  Francis  with  a 
sinuous  course,  and  enters  the  Mississippi  about  9  miles 
above  Helena.     Length,  about  460  miles. 

Saint  Francis  River,  Quebec,  rises  in  Lake  St. 
Francis,  Wolfe  co.,  flows  N.E.,  and  enters  the  St.  Lawrence 
at  Lake  St.  Peter.     Length,  100  miles. 

Saint  Francis  Station,  a  post-village  of  Milwaukee 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  Lake  Michigan,  and  on  the  Chicago  k  North- 
western Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Milwaukee.  Here  are  a 
Catholic  seminary  and  an  institute  for  the  deaf  and  dumb. 

Saint  Fran'cisville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co., 
111.,  on  the  Wabash  River,  and  on  the  Cairo  k  Vincennes 
Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Vincennes.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop  in  1890,  432. 


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Saint  Fmnci8vifle,  a  villa^te  of  Weot  Feliolnna  par- 

idli,  l<a.,  on  the  Wvst  Fuliuiiinu  Uiiilroiul,  iibout  'M>  inilu^  N, 
by  W.  of  Kuton  Uouj^e,  and  1  mile  N.E.  of  the  MisniHsippi 
Rivor.  It  is  adjacent  to  the  river-port  called  ISiiyou  Sara. 
It  oontains  1  or  2  nuw8|inper  ofBcea,  a  money-order  post- 
office,  an  academy,  and  2  uhurchea.  A  hirge  quantity  of 
cotton  ia  shipped  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  V6U. 

Saint  Francisviile,  &  post-village  in  Des  Moines 
township,  Clarke  Co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Dos  Moines  lUver,  12 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Keokuk,  Iowa,  and  3  uiiles  from  Vin- 
oonnes,  Iowa.  It  has  3  churches,  a  seminary,  and  a  car- 
riai^e-factory.     Pop.  408. 

Saint  Fran'cis  Xavier*  sft've-fr,  a  hamlet  of  Ham- 
ilton CO.,  III.,  about  40  miles  S.E.  of  Contralio.  It  has  a 
church  and  an  ucadciny. 

Saint  Francois,  s^nt  fran'ses  (Fr.  pron.  siIn*  fr6N°^- 
•w&'),  a  southeastern  county  of  Missouri,  has  an  area  of 
about  410  square  miles.  It  is  drained  in  the  S.  part  by  the 
8t.  Francis  lUver,  which  rises  in  it,  and  in  the  N.  part  by 
Big  Kiver.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  extensively  covered 
with  forests  of  pine,  oak,  maple,  and  other  trees.  The  soil 
is  moderately  fertile.  Maize,  oats,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the 
staples.  The  chief  article  of  export  ia  iron,  a  rich  deposit 
of  which  is  found  in  the  famous  Iron  Mountain.  Mines  of 
lead  have  been  opened  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by 
two  branches  of  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  A  Southern 
lliiilroad,  and  by  the  Mississippi  lliver  and  Bonne  Terre 
Kailroad.  Capital,  Farmington.  Pop.  in  1870,9742;  in 
18.S0,  i;i,822;  in  1890,  17,347. 

Saint  Fran9oi8,  a  township  of  St.  Francois  co.,  Mo. 
Pop.  1614. 

Saint  Fran<joi8,  township,  AVayne  co..  Mo.    P.  1755. 

Saint-Francois, silifa  fr5N»*swA',  atownof  the  French 
West  Indies,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  Grande-Torre,  18  miles 
E.  of  La  Pointe-a-Pitre.     Pop.  5714. 

Saint-Francois,  a  commune  of  the  island  of  Mar- 
tinique, with  a  good  port  on  the  E.  coast.     Pop.  7797. 

Saint  Francois  de  la  Ileauce,  sLv  fr6N<>'swi'  d^h 
1&  b5ce,  a  post-village  of  Quebec,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Beauce, 
on  the  river  Chaudicre,  54  miles  S.  of  Quebec.  It  contains 
8  stores,  7  saw-mills,  a  tannery,  a  potash -factory,  and  valu- 
able gold-mines.     Pop.  500. 

Saint  Francois  de  Sales,  d^h  sill,  a  post-village  of 
Quebec,  on  Isle  Jesus,  1  mile  from  Terrebonne. 

Saint  Francois  d'Orleaus,  d5uMi'4N>'',  a  post- 
village  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Montmorency,  on  the  island  of 
Orleans,  27  miles  below  Quebec. 

Saint  Francois  du  Lac,  dil  lik,  a  post-village  of 
Quebec,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Yamaska,  on  Lake  St.  Peter, 
27i  miles  below  Sorel.  It  contains  several  stores  and  mills, 
and  has  a  large  trade  in  lumber  and  grain.     Pop.  800. 

Saint  Francois  Riviere-du-Sud,  reVe-ain'  dil 
slid,  a  post-village  in  Montmagny  co.,  Quebec,  on  the 
Grand  Trunk  Railway,  42  miles  N.N.E.  of  Quebec.  It  has 
a  church,  a  tannery,  a  telegraph  office,  and  5  or  6  stores. 

Saint  Fred'eric  (Fr.  pron.  sky  frdMi'reek'),  a  post- 
village  in  Beauce  co.,  Quebec,  48  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Quebec. 
It  has  4  saw-mills,  3  grist-mills,  and  2  stores.     Pop.  500. 

Saint  Fred'erick,  a  post-office  of  Nemaha  co.,  Neb., 
8  miles  E.  of  Tecumseh. 

Saint  Ga'briel  (Fr.  pron.  siN-agl'bre'Sl'),  a  post-village 
of  Iberville  parish,  La.,  on  the  Mis^jissippi,  15  miles  above 
Donaldsonville.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  sugar-refinery. 

Saint  Gabriel  de  Brandon,  e4k<>  gd'bre'dl'  d^h 
br5,nM6N»',  a  post-village  in  Berthier  co.,  Quebec,  on  Lac 
Maskinonge,  21  miles  N.N.W.  of  Berthier  en  Haut. 

Saint  Gall,  s^nt  gil  (Fr.  pron.  saN°  gill ;  Ger.  Sand 
Oalleii,  sinkt  gil'l^n),  a  canton  in  the  N.E.  of  Switzerland, 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  Thurgau  and  the  Lake  of  Constance, 
E.  by  the  Rhine,  between  lat.  46°  53'  and  47°  30'  N.  and 
Ion.  8°  47'  and  9°  37'  E.  Area,  749  square  miles.  In  the 
S.  it  forms  part  of  one  of  the  loftiest  districts  of  Switzer- 
land. The  whole  surface  belongs  to  the  basin  of  the  Rhine, 
but  is  divided  into  three  distinct  minor  basins.  The  only 
lake  of  importance  besides  Lake  Constance  is  Lake  Zu- 
rich, but  there  are  many  small  lakes  remarkable  for  their 
elevation  and  the  magnificent  scenery  around  them.  The 
climate  is  generally  of  Alpine  severity.  Among  the  sand- 
stone beds  of  lignite  are  found,  but  there  are  no  minerals 
of  any  consequence.  The  mountainous  districts,  within  the 
limits  of  vegetation,  are  covered  with  wood  or  pasture ;  on 
the  lower  slopes  vineyards  and  orchards  are  seen.  The 
principal  products  are  wine,  fruit,  corn,  maize,  hemp,  and 
flax.  Cotton  and  linen  goods,  particularly  muslins,  are  ex- 
tensively made.  This  canton  was  admitted  to  the  Confed- 
eration in  1803.  The  constitution  is  democratic.  St.  Gall 
li  the  capital.     Pop.  in  1888,  228,174. 


Saint  Gall  (Ger.  ^<«nc(  Gullen),  a  town  of  Switzerland, 
capital  of  the  above  canton,  in  an  elevated  valley,  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  Steinach,  18  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Con- 
stance, 2152  feet  above  sea-level.  It  is  well  built  and 
paved,  is  supplied  with  fountains,  and  contains  a  cathedral^ 
once  an  old  abbey  church,  an  old  monastery,  3  churches,  a 
large  town  house,  a  library,  a  house  of  correction,  an  orphan 
house,  a  deaf-mute  school,  a  ])enitentiary,  &c.  It  has  exten- 
sive manufactures  of  woollen,  linen,  and  cotton  goods,  fine 
muslins  and  ]irints,  and  an  important  trade.  The  environi> 
are  very  beautiful,  and  contain  many  walks  commanding 
line  views.     Pop.  (1892)  30,100. 

Saint-Galmier,  s4n*  g&rme-&',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Loire,  on  a  railway,  12  miles  £.  of  Montbrison.  Pop.  1996 
It  has  manufactures  of  muslin,  hats,  stained  glass,  and 
chamois  leather,  and  the  mineral  spring  of  Fontfort. 

Saint-Gaudens,  sIn"  go^dfiN*',  a  town  of  Franco,  in 
Ilaute-Garonne,  near  the  left  bank  of  the  Garonne,  in  the 
Pyrenees,  55  miles  S.W.  of  Toulouse.  Pop.  4087.  It  has 
an  ancient  church,  a  communal  college,  and  manufactures 
of  serge,  porcelain,  leather,  tape,  Ac,  sawing-,  fulling-,  and 
paper-mills,  and  an  active  trade. 

Saiut-Genest-Lerpt,  silii<>  zh^h-ni'  Idiipt,  a  village 
of  France,  department  of  Loire,  arrondisscment  of  Saint- 
Etionne.     Pop.  1196. 

Saint-Genest-AIalifaux,  Bky  zh^h-ni'  m&'lec'fo', 
a  village  of  France,  in.Loire,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Saint-Etienne. 

Saint  Genevieve,  s^nt  jfin'e-veev',  a  county  of  Mis- 
souri, bordering  on  Illinois,  has  an  area  of  about  450  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Mississippi  Hiver, 
and  is  drained  in  the  central  part  by  the  Aux  Vasse  River 
and  in  the  S.  part  by  Saline  Creek.  The  surface  is  diver- 
sified with  hills,  fertile  valleys  and  river-bottoms,  and  for- 
ests of  oak,  hickory,  and  other  trees.  Whciit,  Indian  corn, 
oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Good  limestone  is 
abundant  in  this  county,  and  copper  and  marble  arc  said 
to  be  found  in  it.  Capital,  St.  Genevieve.  Pop.  in  1870, 
8384;  in  1880,  10,390;  in  1890,  9883. 

Saint  Genevieve,  a  post-village,  capital  of  St.  Gen- 
evieve CO.,  Mo.,  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  about  60  miles  below  St  Louis.  It  has 
2  newspaper  offices,  a  bank,  2  churches,  a  convent,  and  sev- 
eral warehouses.  Limestone,  marble,  and  lead  are  found 
near  this  jjlace.    Pop.  in  1890,  1586 ;  of  the  township,  3992. 

Saint-Geniez,  six"  zh^h-ne-i',  a  town  of  France, 
department  of  Aveyron,  on  the  Lot,  22  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Rodez.  Pop.  3167.  It  has  a  communal  college,  and  im- 
portant manufactures  of  serges,  tricot,  flannel,  leather,  Ac. 

Saint-Genis-Laval,  sIno  zh^h-nee'  WyLV,  a  town 
of  France,  in  Rhone,  5  miles  S.  of  Lyons,  on  the  railway 
thence  to  Saint-Etienne.  It  has  manufactures  of  fine  car- 
pets, paper-hangings,  silk  stufls,  calico,  and  oil.    Pop.  2246. 

Samt-Genoix,  si>'«  zh^h-nw&',a  village  of  Belgium, 
in  West  Flanders,  6i  miles  S.E.  of  Courtrai.     Pop.  3604. 

Saint  George,  Italy.    See  San  Giohgio. 

Saint  George,  Portuguese  colonics.    See  Sao  JonoE. 

Saint  George,  or  Georgetown,  a  town  of  the  Wert 
Indies,  capital  of  the  island  of  Grenada,  on  theS.S.W.  coast. 
Lat.  12°  2'  N.;  Ion.  61°  48'  W.  It  is  divided  into  two 
parts,  one  being  called  Bath  Town,  and  the  other  the  Care- 
NAGE  (or  "Careenage").  The  harbor  is  one  of  the  best  in 
the  West  Indies.     Pop.  4570. 

Saint  George,  a  town  of  Greece,  on  the  N.  side  of 
the  island  of  Sky  los.    It  has  remains  of  antiquity.    P.  3000. 

Saint  George,  one  of  the  principal  of  the  Bermuda 
Islands,  N.E.  of  Bermuda,  is  strongly  fortified,  and  forms 
the  chief  military  depot  in  the  Bermudas. 

Saint  George,  a  port  of  the  Bermuda  Islands,  on  an 
island  of  the  same  name,  is  a  British  military  station.  It 
has  a  noble  and  safe  harbor,  with  21  feet  of  water  in  the 
channel,  is  a  port  of  refuge,  and  has  a  dry-dock  and  a  marine 
railway.  The  island  of  St.  George  is  3i  miles  long,  and  is 
connected  by  an  iron  drawbridge  with  Bermuda  Island. 
Pop.  of  the  village,  1500. 

Saint  George,  the  strait  or  channel  which  separates 
New  Ireland  from  New  Britain. 

Saint  George,  a  channel  between  the  Great  and 
Little  Nicobar  Islands,  in  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  about  15  oi 
18  miles  long,  and  from  3  to  6  miles  wide,  extending 
E.N.E.  and  W.S.W. 

Saint  George,  an  island  of  British  Honduras,  in  the 
Bay  of  Honduras,  opposite  the  mouth  of  the  river  Balize. 

Saint  George,  one  of  the  Pribylov  Islands,  Alaska 
It  is  granitic,  and  rises  to  300  feet  in  height. 

Saint  George,  Sierra  Leone.     See  Fiieetown. 

Saint  George,  a  post-office  of  Kankakee  co.,  III. 

Saint  George,  a  post-village  in  St.  George  township^ 


SAI 


2345 


SAI 


1  ottawjitomie  co.,  Kansas,  on  tho  N.  bank  of  the  Kansas 
lUver,  and  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  llailroad,  9  miles  E.  of 
Manhattan,  and  43  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Topeka.  It  ha8  2 
churches. 

Saint  George,  a  post-hamlet  in  St.  George  township, 
Knox  CO.,  Me.,  on  the  sea-coast,  about  9  miles  S.W.  of 
Rockland.  The  township  is  a  peninsula,  nearly  surrounded 
by  the  ocean.  It  contains  3  churches  and  a  village  named 
Tenant's  Harbor,  and  has  several  stone-quarries.  Pop.  of 
the  township  in  1890,  2491. 

Saint  George,  township,  Benton  co.,  Minn.     P.  354. 

Saint  George,  a  post-hamlet  of  McLeod  co.,  Minn., 
on  Crow  River,  6  miles  N.  of  Glencoe.     It  has  a  church. 

Saint  George,  a  post-office  of  Wright  co.,  Mo. 

Saint  George,  a  station  in  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  22  miles  S.  of  Franklin. 

Saint  George,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Washington 
CO.,  Utah,  on  the  Rio  Virgen,  or  Virgin  River,  about  280 
miles  S.  by  AV.  of  Salt  Lake  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  tan- 
nery, a  broom-factory,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  5  stores,  and  a 
money-order  post-office. 

Saint  George,  a  small  post-township  of  Chittenden 
CO.,  Vt.,  9  miles  S.S.B.  of  Burlington.     Pop.  111. 

Saint  George,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Tucker  co., 
W.  Va.,  on  Cheat  River,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Grafton,  and  95 
miles  S.E.  of  AV^heeling.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  tannery. 

Saint  George,  Brazil.     See  Sao  Jorge  dos  Iliif.os. 

Saint  George,  a  post-town  and  port  of  entry  of  New 
Brunswick,  co.  of  Charlotte,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Maga- 
guadavic  River,  45  miles  W.  of  St.  John.  It  has  3  saw- 
mills, 4  churches,  2  temperance  halls,  a  mechanics'  hall,  2 
hotels,  and  a  large  trade  in  lumber.     Pop.  600. 

Saint  George,  a  bay  and  harbor  of  Newfoundland,  on 
the  AV.  coast.  Tho  bay  extends  inward  E.N.E.  about  54 
miles,  and  receives  the  river  St.  George. 

Saint  George,  a  post-village  in  Brant  co.,  Ontario,  3 
miles  from  Harrisburg.  It  has  an  iron-foundry  and  sev- 
eral stores  and  mills.     Pop.  400. 

Saint-George-  (or  Georges-)  Butavent,  siIno 
zhoRzh  bliH3,'v6No',  a  village  of  France,  3  miles  AV.  of 
Mayenne. 

Saint  George  de  Ilenryville.    See  Henuyville. 

Saint  George  de  la  Bcauce,  sdN<>  zhoRzh  d^h  1^ 
h'lce,  a  post-village  in  Beauce  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river 
Chaudiere,  60  miles  S.S.E.  of  Quebec.     It  has  3  saw-mills, 

2  flouring-mills,  and  8  or  9  stores.     Pop.  400. 
Saint  George  del  Mina,  Africa.    See  Elmina. 
Saint-George-de-Reneins,  silN»  zhoRzh  d§h  r?h- 

n^N"',  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Rhone,  4  miles 
N.  of  Villefranche.     Pop.  1084. 

Saint  George  de  Wind'sor,  a  post-village  in  Rich- 
mond CO.,  Quebec,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Danville.  It  has  a 
church,  2  saw-mills,  and  several  stores. 

Saint-George-d'Ol6ron,siN<'  zhoRzh  doMi,V6N°',  a 
village  of  France,  in  Charente-Inferieure,  15  miles  N.W. 
of  Marennes. 

Saint  George,  Gulf  of.   See  Gulf  of  Saint  George. 

Saint  George  Island,  in  the  Mozambique  Channel, 
is  in  lat.  15°  2'  S.,  Ion.  40°  48'  E. 

Saint  George  Island,  an  island  in  the  Pacific,  Sol- 
omon grouD,  in  lat.  8°  32'  S.,  Ion.  159°  40'  E. 

Saint  George  Island,  Azores.    See  Sao  Joroe. 

Saint  George  Islands,  India,  a  group  off  the  coast 
of  Malabar,  in  lat.  15°  21'  N.,  Ion.  73°  45'  E. 

Saint  George's,  a  post-village  of  New  Castle  co., 
Del.,  in  Red  Lion  hundred,  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Delaware 
Canal,  16  miles  S.S.AV.  of  AVilmington,  and  about  3  miles 
E.  of  St.  George's  Station  on  the  Delaware  Railroad.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  350. 

Saint  George's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Colleton  co.,  S.C., 
on  the  South  Carolina  Railroad,  48  miles  N.AV.  of  Charles- 
ton.    It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  naval  stores. 

Saint  George's  Bank  is  in  the  Atlantic,  about  100 
miles  E.  of  Cape  Cod.     It  is  resorted  to  by  fishermen. 

Saint  George's  Bay,  Nova  Scotia.  See  Antigoxish. 

Saint  George's  Channel  (unc.Vergtn'ium. Ma're ?), 
that  part  of  the  Atlantic  which  separates  the  S.W.  of  Eng- 
land from  Ireland,  extending  from  the  island  of  Holyhead 
to  St.  David's,  and  from  Dublin  to  Wexford. 

Saint  George's  Island,  off  the  coast  of  Florida,  in 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  opposite  the  mouth  of  the  river  Appa- 
lachicola.  Length,  from  E.  to  "W.,  22  miles;  breadth,  5 
miles.  St.  George's  Strait,  separating  it  from  the  main- 
land, is  from  5  to  7  or  8  miles  across. 

Saint-George-sur-Loire,s^>'o  zhoRzh  sUr  Iwan,  a 
market-town  of  France,  department  of  Maine-et-Loire,  10 
milw  W.S.W.  of  Angers.     Pop.  1027. 

U8 


Saint-Germain,  s§nt  j^r'man  (Fr.  pron.  ssIno  zhfiR*- 
miu"'),  or  Saint- Germain-en-Laye,  sks^  zhliCmiiS^ 
by  14,  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-et-Oise,  on  the  border  of 
the  forest  of  Saint-Germain,  7  miles  N.  of  Versailles,  and  10 
miles  by  railway  W.N.W.  of  Paris.  Pop.  16,978.  It  is  wel' 
built,  and  has  a  house  of  education  of  the  Legion  of  Honor, 
a  public  library,  a  corn  hall,  manufactures  of  horse-hair 
goods,  numerous  tanneries,  some  woollen-factories,  and  an 
active  retail  trade.  Its  magnificent  chateau,  founded  by 
Charles  V.,  is  now  used  as  a  barrack  and  military  prison. 
The  forest  of  Saint-Germain  comprises  nearly  8900  acres. 

Saint  Germain  de  Grantham,  sdN<»  zh^R'niaN"'  d?h 
grinHim',  or  Ilead'ville,  a  post-village  in  Drummond 
CO.,  Quebec,  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Upton.     Pop.  150. 

Saint-Germain-du-Bois,  sAn"  zhgR'ni;\N°'  dii  bwi, 
a  town  of  France,  in  Saone-et-Loire,  8  miles  N.  of  Louhans. 

Saint- Germain-Laval,  sS,n<>  zhiR^mAN"'  li'vAl',  a 
town  of  France,  department  of  Loire,  15  miles  S.  of  Roanno. 
It  has  manufactures  of  porcelain.     Pop.  1573. 

Saint-Germain-l'Embron,  sku"  zhSR^mdN"'  Un"^- 
briNo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy-de-D6me,  5  miles  S.  of 
Issoire.     Pop.  1987. 

Saint-Germain-sur-Ay,  siy  zh^R^m^No'  silR  L,  a 
town  of  France,  in  Manche,  15  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Coutances, 
on  the  bay  of  the  same  name,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Ay.  It 
exports  agricultural  produce  to  England. 

Saint  Ger'man,  or  Saint  Ger'mans,  a  town  of 
England,  co.  of  Cornwall,  9  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Plymouth. 
It  has  a  fine  parish  church,  formerly  part  of  a  cathedral, 
once  the  seat  of  a  bishop.     Pop.  of  parish,  2678. 

Saint  Gertrude,  s?nt  gh^r'trood,  a  post-village  in 
Nicolet  CO.,  Quebec,  15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Three  Rivers.  It 
contains  4  stores  and  several  mills.     Pop.  350. 

Saint-Gcrvais,  sAn<»  zhfiii'vA',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Herault,  22  miles  N.N.E.  of  Beziers.     Pop.  1215. 

Saint- Gervais,  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy-de-DOme, 
17  miles  N.AV.  of  Riom.     Pop.  902. 

Saint- Gervais,  sky  zhia^vk',  a  post-villago  of  Quo- 
bee,  CO.  of  Bellechasse,  5  miles  S.  of  St.  Charles.  It  has 
saw-,  grist-,  carding-,  and  fulling-mills,  7  or  8  stores,  and 
a  largo  trade.     Pop.  850. 

Saint-Ghislain,  shy  gheesM&s»',  a  town  of  Belgium, 
in  Hainaut,  on  the  Hainc,  6  miles  W.  of  Mons.     Pop.  1350. 

Saint-Gildas-des-Bois,  sAn°  zhecPd^'  dd  bwh,  a 
village  of  France,  department  of  Loire-InfCrieure,  12  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Savenay.     Pop.  1173. 

Saint  Giles,  s§nt  jilz,  a  district  of  England,  co.  of  Mid- 
dlesex, in  the  centre  of  the  metropolis.     Pop.  35,703. 

Saint  Giles,  sgnt  jilz,  a  post-village  in  Lotbinierc  co., 
Quebec,  25  miles  S.  of  Quebec.  It  has  a  grist-mill,  6  saw- 
mills, 5  stores,  and  a  church.  Gold-  and  copper-bearing 
quartz  is  found  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  300. 

Saint  Giles,  South  America.    See  Sa\  Gil. 

Saint-Gilles,  sAn"  zheel,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  21  miles  N.E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  4157. 

Saint-Gilles,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of  South 
Brabant,  2  miles  S.  of  Brussels. 

Saint-Gilles,  shy  zbeel,  a  town  of  France,  in  Gard, 
on  the  Canal  of  Beaueaire,  11  miles  S.S.E.  of  Niuics.  Pop. 
5705.  It  has  a  fine  abbey  church  of  the  eleventh  century, 
manufactures  of  oil,  wine,  and  farina,  and  an  active  trade 
in  wine,  brandy,  Ac. 

Saint-Gilies-lez-Termonde,  s3l^•«  zheel  li  tSn'- 
m6Nd',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanders,  1  mile  E.  of 
Dendermond.     Pop.  3303. 

Saint-Gilles-sur-Vi6,  s3,n»  zheel  siiR  ve-i',  a  town 
of  France,  in  Vendue,  on  the  Vie,  16  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Lea 
Sables.     Pop.  1177. 

Saint  Gil'man,  a  post-village  of  Osceola  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Gilman  township,  on  the  Siou.x  City  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  7 
miles  S.  of  Sibley.     It  has  a  hotel,  2  stores,  and  2  elevators. 

Saint- Girons,  sin"  zheeVix"',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Ari6ge,  on  the  Salat,  26  miles  W.  of  Foix.  It  has  a  com- 
munal college,  paper-mills,  tanneries,  flour-mills,  and  manu- 
factures of  marble,  linen,  oil,  &e.     P)p.  3993. 

Saint-Gobain,  sdN»  go^bS.No',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Aisne,  10  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Laon.     Pop.  1957. 

Saint  Goth'ard  (Fr.  pron.  si>->>  goHaR'),  or  Sankt 
Gotthard,  sinkt  got'hart,  a  short  range  of  mountains  in 
the  Alps  of  Switzerland,  cantons  of  Uri  and  Ticino,  of  which 
the  Galenstock,  12,481  feet  high,  is  the  culminating  point. 
The  St.  Gothard  Pass,  from  Fliielen  to  Bollinzona,  is  noted 
for  its  hospice,  designed  for  the  rescue  of  storm -bound 
travellers,  and  the  group  is  also  remarkable  for  its  railway- 
tunnel,  more  than  9  miles  in  length,  extending  from  near 
Andermatt  to  Airolo.  The  St.  Gothard  is  interesting,  as  a 
link  between  several  of  the  chains  of  the  Alps. 


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'  ilaint  Gr6goire,  skv  gWL^gwan',  a  poat-villai^e  of 
Qnebco,  oo.  of  Nioolot,  on  the  Grnnd  Trunk  Kailwiiy  (Three 
Rivera  Branch),  31  miles  W.N.W.  of  Arthaba«ka.  It  has 
an  academy,  a  church,  flour-  and  saw-inills,  and  5  or  6 
■tores.     Pol).  600. 

Saint  Orcgory,  in  Italy.    See  San  GREOonio. 

Saint  Guillaunie  d'Upton,  s&m"  ghee^yOm'  dnp'- 
tpn,  a  post-village  in  Drumniond  eo.,  Quebec,  on  the  river 
David,  7  miles  N.  of  Upton.  It  has  several  stores  and  mills. 
Pop.  400. 

Saint-Heand,  sin*  h4*&N»',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Loire,  6  miles  N.  of  Saint-Etienne.     Pop.  2525. 

Saint  Iled'wig,  a  post-office  of  Bexar  co.,  Tex. 

Saint  Ilel'en,  a  hamlet  of  Roscommon  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Jackson,  Lansing  <t:  Saginaw  Railroad,  67  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Bav  City.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Saint  Ilelen,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Columbia  co., 
Oregon,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Columbia  River,  10  miles 
above  Kalama,  and  about  28  miles  N.  of  Portland.  It  has 
a  church  and  1  or  2  saw-mills.  The  river  is  here  about  1 
mile  wide.     Large  sea-going  ships  can  ascend  to  this  place. 

Saint  Helena,  hel-ee'ni^  (Fr.  Sainte-Hiline,  siyt  4V 
lain' ;  Sp.  Santa  Elena,  s&n't&  4-li'n&),  an  island  of  the 
South  Atlantic  Ocean,  belonging  to  the  British,  lat.  15° 
67'  S.,  Ion.  5°  42'  W.,  about  700  miles  S.E.  of  the  island  of 
Ascension,  1400niilcs  W.  of  the  W.  coast  of  South  Africa,and 
2000  miles  from  the  E.  coast  of  Brazil.  Greatest  length,  lOJ 
miles ;  greatest  breadth,  from  N.  to  S.,  7  miles.  Area,  47 
fquaro  miles.  Its  position,  in  the  lino  of  the  ocean  thor- 
oughfare from  Europe  to  the  East,  made  it  at  one  time  a 
most  important  halting-station  for  vessels  performing  that 
lengthened  voyage,  while  it  acquired  celebrity  from  being 
the  place  of  Napoleon's  banishment,  and  where  he  resided 
from  1816  till  his  death.  May  5,  1821.  It  has  the  appear- 
ance of  a  lofty  pyramidal  mivss  of  a  dark-gray  color,  rising 
abruptly  from  the  ocean ;  but  when  more  nearly  approached, 
though  its  precipitous  and  almost  inaccessible  coasts  become 
still  more  striking,  and  on  all  sides,  particularly  on  the  N., 
enormous  beetling  cliffs  are  seen,  varying  in  height  from 
600  to  1200  feet,  a  number  of  openings  are  discovered, 
forming  the  mouths  of  narrow  valleys  or  ravines,  leading 
gradually  up  to  a  central  plateau.  On  shore,  at  all  openings 
where  a  landing  might  be  effected,  military  works  have  been 
erected  for  the  purpose  of  making  it  secure. 

The  island  is  of  volcanic  origin,  and  consist-s  of  rugged 
mountains,  interspersed  with  numerous  ravines,  in  one  of 
which,  on  its  N.W.  shore,  is  James  Town,  the  residence  of 
the  principal  authorities.  Its  harbor  affords  excellent  an- 
chorage in  12  fathoms  of  water,  and  is  defended  by  strong 
batteries.  The  central  plateau  is  traversed  from  E.  to  W. 
by  a  limestone  ridge,  dividing  the  island  into  two  unequal 
portions,  and  attaining  in  Diana's  Peak,  near  its  centre, 
the  height  of  2700  feet,  the  highest  summit  in  the  island. 
Along  the  coast,  W.  of  Sandy  Bay,  there  stretches,  for  a 
considerable  distance,  a  stratum  of  horizontal  columnar 
basalt,  forming  a  stupendous  wall  from  50  to  180  feet 
high.  Some  manganese  is  mined  for  export.  The  por- 
tion of  the  island  N.  of  the  ridge  is  also  rugged,  but 
contains  several  tolerably  level  tracts,  which,  during  the 
season  when  moisture  is  abundant,  are  covered  with  rich 
verdure.  The  largest  of  these  tracts  is  that  of  Longwood, 
where  Napoleon  had  his  residence. 

The  island  is  watered  by  numerous  brooks,  and  about 
one-fifth  of  its  surface  is  fertile ;  but  the  native  vege- 
tation, now  becoming  extinct,  was  of  very  remarkable 
character,  many  of  the  species  being  peculiar  to  the  island. 
The  cinchona  tree  grows  here  on  the  highlands.  Many  of 
the  hills  are  crowned  with  plantations  of  Scotch  firs.  The 
climate  is  temperate,  and  invalids  from  the  hot  regions  of 
the  East  recover  rapidly  under  its  influence.  Earthquakes 
have  frequently  been  felt.  The  island  is  far  from  being 
able  to  supply  its  own  wants,  and  almost  the  only  trafiic 
consists  in  furnishing  commodities  to  the  calling  vessels. 
Pop.  6241. 

Saint  Hele'na,  a  parish  in  the  E.  part  of  Louisiana, 
borders  on  the  state  of  Mississippi.  Area,  about  420  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Amite  River,  and 
is  intersected  from  N.  to  S.  in  the  E.  part  by  the  Tickfaw 
Kiver,  and  also  drained  by  Mill  Creek  and  Darlings  Creek. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  level,  and  is  mostly  covered 
■with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian 
corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Oreens- 
bnrg.     Pop.  in  1870,  5423;  in  1880,  7504;  in  1890,  8062. 

Saint  Helena,  a  post-village  of  Napa  co.,  Cal.,  in  a 
valley  between  two  mountains,  on  the  California  Pacific 
Railroad,  58  miles  N.  of  San  Francisco,  and  8  miles  S.  of 
Calistoga.     It  has  3  churches,  a  seminary,  a  newspaper 


oflSe«,  and  5  wine-eellars.  It  ii  situated  in  a  region  which 
produces  many  grapes,  and  is  partly  supported  by  trade  in 
wine.     Pop.  in  1890,  1705. 

Saint  Ilelena,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cedar  oo., 
Nob.,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  about  10  miles 
below  Yankton,  S.D.,  and  100  miles  N.  of  Columbus.  It 
has  a  ncwsj)npor  office,  2  churches,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Saint  Helena,  a  hamlet  of  Wyoming  eo.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Genesee  River,  3  miles  E.  of  Castile  Station.  Pop. 
about  150. 

Saint  Helena,  a  township  of  Beaufort  co.,  S.C.,  com- 
prises St.  Ilelena,  Ladies',  and  other  islands  of  the  soii- 
island  chain.  Pop.  6152,  more  than  five-sevenths  of  whom 
are  on  St.  Helena  Island. 

Saint  Helena  Island,  one  of  the  sea-islands  of  Beau- 
fort CO.,  S,C.,  is  about  13  miles  in  length.  It  has  a  popu- 
lation of  over  5000,  nearly  nil  colored.  It  has  2  chureliea 
and  a  graded  school,  called  the  Penn  School,  with  more 
than  200  pupils. 

Saint  Ilcle'na  Port  (Sp.  Puerto  Santa  Elena,  pw^Il'- 
to  8&n't&  &-l4'n&,),  E.  coast  of  Patagonia,  an  inlet  interme- 
diate between  the  Gulfs  of  St.  George  and  St.  Matthias. 

Saint  Uel'en's,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lnncaster, 
on  a  branch  of  the  Mersey,  3i  miles  E.N.E.  of  Prescot,  at  a 
railway  junction.  Pop.  68,628,  engnged  in  raising  coni, 
in  extensive  plate-glass-,  bottle-,  and  chemical  factories, 
and  in  copper-works.  It  has  a  church,  various  handsome 
chapels,  a  town  hall,  a  market-house,  and  a  branch  bank. 

Saint  Helen's,  Scilly  Islands.     See  Saint  Hkllan's. 

Saint  Helen's,  Michigan.    See  Saint  Helen. 

Saint  Helen's,  South  Carolina.     Sec  Saint  Helena. 

Saint  Helen's,  a  post-village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario, 
20  miles  N.E.  of  Goderich.     Pop.  600. 

Saint  Helen's  Island,  a  beautiful  island  in  the  St. 
Lawrence,  opposite  the  B.  end  of  the  city  of  Montreal.  It 
is  about  3  of  a  mile  long  by  J  of  a  mile  broad,  and  is  clothed 
with  fine  trees.  It  is  considered  of  great  importance  as  a 
defence  of  Montreal,  and  is  the  property  of  the  government. 
It  has  a  rifle-range,  barracks,  and  military  storehouses. 

Saint  Helen's,  Mount,  Washington,  a  dome-shaped 
volcanic  peak  of  the  Cascade  Range,  in  Skamania  CO.,  near 
lat.  46°  20'  N.  and  Ion.  122°  W.  Its  summit  is  covered 
with  perpetual  snow.  It  is  an  active  volcano,  and  was  in 
a  state  of  eruption  in  1843,  but  it  has  ceased  to  emit  lava. 
Its  altitude  is  estimated  at  12,000  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Saint  Hel'ier's  (Fr.  Saint-Hilier,  skvi  4Me-A'),  the 
capital  town  of  the  island  of  Jersey,  on  its  S.  coast,  nt  the 
E.  side  of  St.  Aubin's  Bay.  Lat.  49°  11'  3"  N. ;  Ion.  2°  C 
W.  Pop.  30,756.  It  stands  between  two  rocky  heights,  on 
the  E.  of  which  is  the  citadel,  Fort  Regent,  overlooking  the 
inner  harbor.  It  is  the  terminus  of  two  railways,  and  has 
a  central  square,  in  which  are  the  parish  church,  court- 
house, reading-rooms,  hotels,  market-house,  the  theatre, 
jail,  and  several  chapels.  On  a  rocky  island,  off  the  shore, 
is  Elizabeth  Castle,  a  fortress  of  imposing  appearance.  The 
town  is  the  seat  of  Victoria  College,  and  is  the  residence 
of  many  retired  oBicers  of  the  army  and  navy,  foreigners, 
and  families  of  limited  income.  It  has  an  active  trade,  and 
is  the  seat  of  the  representative  parliament  of  Jersey. 

Saint  Hel'lan's,  one  of  the  small  Scilly  Islands,  off 
the  coast  of  Cornwall,  in  England, 

Saint  Henri,  Quebec,     See  Tannery  West, 

Saint  Henri  de  Lauzon,  siNt  6N"'ree'  d?h  Io'zOn*  , 
a  post-village  in  Levis  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  Etchemin, 
3i  miles  from  St.  Henri  Station.  It  contains  a  church.  8 
or  9  stores,  and  several  mills.  Copper  ore  is  found  in  the 
vicinity.     Pop.  500. 

Saint  Hen'ry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dubois  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Cass  township,  about  44  miles  E.N.E.  of  Evansville.  It  has 
a  church. 

Saint  Henry,  a  post-oflSce  of  Le  Sueur  co.,  Minn. 

Saint  Henry's,  a  post-village  of  Mercer  co.,  0.,  in 
Granville  township,  15  miles  N.  of  Ansonia  Station,  it 
has  a  church,  3  general  stores,  and  4  other  stores. 

Saint-Herblain,  s&Nt  ^R'bliN"',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Loire-Infdrieure,  6  miles  W.  of  Nantes.  Pop.  of  com- 
mune, 2611. 

Saint-Herblon,  s^Nt  5n*bl6N»',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Loire-Inf6rieure,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Anccnis,  Pop,  of 
commune,  2864, 

Saint  Hernias,  s&Nt  Sn'ml',  a  post- village  and  parish 
of  Quebec,  co.  of  Two  Mountains,  is  situated  on  the  Lake 
of  Two  Mountains,  40  miles  W.  of  Montreal.     Pop.  1307. 

Saint  Hermogenes,  s^nt  h?r-moj'e-n4z,  an  island  off 
the  coast  of  Alaska,  N.E.  of  Kadiak.  Lat.  58°  10'  N. ; 
Ion.  152°  3'  W.  It  w.as  discovered  by  Behriiig,  and  visited 
by  Cook  and  Krnsenstern- 


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Saint-Hilaire,  85.Nt  ceMin',  &  town  of  France,  Nord, 
8  miles  B.  of  Cambrai.     It  manufactures  batiste.    P.  2386. 

Saint-Hilaire-des-LiOges,  sil.Nt  ee'lAR'  d4  lozb,  a 
town  of  France,  department  of  Vendi^e,  7  miles  E.  of 
Fontenay-!e-Comte.     Pop.  2468, 

Saint-Hilaire-de-Talmont,  sdNt  eo'lia'  d§h  t3,l*- 
mAu*',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vendee,  9  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Les  Sables.     Pop.  of  commune,  2739. 

Saint- Hilaire-du-Harcouet,  sS.Nt  eeMin'  dii 
han^koo^i',  a  town  of  France,  in  Manche,  9  miles  S.W.  of 
Mortain.  It  has  a  communal  college,  and  manufactures  of 
linen,  leather,  hemp,  woollen  cloth,  &c.     Pop.  3148. 

Saint  Hilaire  Village,  a  post-village  in  Rouville 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  Richelieu,  i  mile  from  St.  Hilaire 
Station  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  24  miles  from  Mon- 
treal. It  contains  a  church,  a  convent,  an  academy,  a 
brewery,  and  several  stores.  Pop.  300.  See  Mont  Saixt 
Hilaire. 

Saint-IIippolyte,  sdNt  eep'poMeet',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Gard,  13  miles  E.S.E.  of  Le  Vigan.  Pop.  3960.  It  has 
an  old  castle,  tanneries,  flour-mills,  silk-mills,  and  manu- 
factures of  hats,  gloves,  and  hosiery. 

Saint-Hippolyte  (Ger.  Sand  Pilt,  sinkt  peelt),  a 
town  of  Alsace,  on  the  Strasburg  &  Basel  Railway,  4  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Schlettstadt.     Pop.  1935. 

Saint  Ilippolyte  (sdxt  eep^poMeet')  de  Kilken'ny, 
K  post-village  in  Montcalm  co.,  Quebec,  48  miles  N.VV.  of 
Montreal.     Pop.  200. 

Saint  Honor6,  silNt  o'noVi',  a  post-village  in  Beauce 
CO.,  Quebec,  75  miles  S.  of  Quebec.     Pop.  100. 

Saint  Honore,  Quebec.     See  Armand. 

Saint-Hubert,  saN"  hii'baiR',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in 
Luxembourg,  17  miles  W.  of  Bastogne.     Pop.  2315. 

Saint  Hubert,  s3,n»  hii^baiR',  a  post-village  in  Cham- 
bly  CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  10  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Montreal.     It  has  2  or  3  stores.     Pop.  250. 

Saint  Huber'tus,  a  post-hamlet  of  Le  Sueur  co., 
Minn.,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Lexington. 

Saint  Hugues,  s5,Nt  iig,  a  post-village  of  Quebec, 
capital  of  the  co.  of  Bagot,  11  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Hyacinthe. 
It  contains  a  church,  a  tannery,  and  several  stores.    P.  500. 

Saint  Hyacinthe,  sent  hi'a-sinth  (Fr.  pron.  s<\Nt 
ee'd^sixt'),  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Quebec,  intersected 
by  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway.  Area,  263  square  miles. 
Capital.  St.  Hyacinthe.     Pop.  18,310. 

Saint  Hyacinthe,  a  city  of  Quebec,  capital  of  the 
CO.  of  St.  Hyacinthe,  on  the  river  Yamaska,  and  on  the 
Grand  Trunk  Railway,  35i  miles  E.N.E.  of  Montreal.  The 
principal  institutions  are  a  Roman  Catholic  cathedral, 
bishop's  palace,  college,  bank,  Hotel-Dieu,  nunnery,  city  hall 
and  market,  and  court-house.  The  college  is  a  fine  cut- 
stone  building,  700  feet  in  length,  and  has  12  professors. 
There  are  also  in  the  town  a  grist-  and  saw-mill,  a  number 
of  stores,  several  hotels,  2  printing-offices,  and  manufactories 
of  woollens,  wooden-ware,  leather,  lace,  organs,  iron  cast- 
ings, mill-machinery,  boots  and  shoes,  <fcc.     Pop.  3746. 

Saint  Ig^nace'  (Fr.  pron.  s4.\teen*y3,ss'),  a  post-town- 
ship of  Mackinaw  co.,  Mich.,  on  a  bay  of  Lake  Huron, 
about  45  miles  N.  of  Petoskey.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
largo  saw-mill.     Pop.  320. 

Saint  Ignace,sixt  een'ylss',  a  post-village  in  Quebec 
CO.,  Quebec,  1  mile  from  Lorette.  Pop.  300.  See  also 
CoTEAu  Du  Lac. 

Saint  Ignatius,  s?nt  ig-na'she-rts,  a  post-office  of  Mis- 
soula CO.,  Montana. 

Saint  Imier,  s^Nt  eo^me-i'  (Ger.  Sanct  Immer,  sinkt 
ira'm^r),  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Bern,  12  miles 
W.  of  Brienne.     Pop.  of  commune,  5714. 

Saintines,  siicHeen',  a  village  of  France,  in  Oise, 
about  32  miles  S.E.  of  Beauvais. 

Saint  In'igoes,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Mary's  co.,  Md., 
about  60  miles  S.  of  Annapolis,  and  2  miles  W.  of  Chesa- 
peake Bay. 

Saint  Ir6n6e,  Quebec.    See  Saintk  iRfiNEE. 

Saint  Is'idore  de  Montreal  (Fr.  pron.  sist  ee'zee^- 
dou'  d?h  m6N»Hri-il'),  a  post-village  in  Laprairie  co.,  Que- 
bec, 15  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Montreal. 

Saint  Isidore  de  Quebec,  sdst  ee^zeeMon'deh  ki'- 
bSk',  a  post-village  in  Dorchester  co.,  Quebec,  20J  miles  S. 
by  E.  of  Quebec.  It  has  saw-,  grist-,  carding-,  and  fulling- 
inills,  a  tannery,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  650. 

Saint  Ives,  s§nt  ivz,  a  borough  and  town  of  England, 
"BO.  of  Cornwall,  on  its  N.  coast,  7i  miles  N.E.  of  Penzance. 
'Pop.  6965.  The  town  is  picturesquely  situated  on  the  W. 
*ide  of  St.  Ives'  Bay.  It  has  a  spacious  church,  some  dis- 
senting chapels,  a  town  hall,  a  jail,  a  literary  institution,  a 
■•ustom-house,  a  harbor  protected  by  a  pier  built  in  1770, 


a  thriving  pilchard-fishery,  and  exports  of  copper,  tin,  and 
slates  from  its  vicinity. 

Saint  Ives,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  5  miles  E.  of 
Huntingdon,  at  a  railway  junction,  on  the  Ouse,  here 
crossed  by  a  handsome  bridge.     Pop.  3291. 

Saint  Ives,  s?nt  ivz,  a  post-village  in  Middlcses:  co,, 
Ontario,  5  miles  from  Thorndale.     Pop.  150. 

Saint  Ja'cob  (Ger.  Sauct  Jakob,  slnkt  yl'kop),  a  ham!, 
let  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  2  miles  S.E.  of  Basel.  Its 
vicinity,  entitled  "  the  Swiss  Thermopyla;,"  was,  on  the  2fith 
of  August,  1444,  the  scene  of  a  desperate  action,  in  which 
1600  Swiss  sustained  for  10  hours  a  fight  against  the  French 
army  of  Louis  XI.,  ten  times  as  numerous,  and  out  of 
which  only  10  Swiss  escaped. 

Saint  Jacobi  Parochi,  yi-ko'bee  p?l-ro'kee,  a  com- 
mune of  the  Netherlands,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Leeuwarden. 
Pop.  2891. 

Saint  Ja'cob's,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co..  111.,  on 
Silver  Creek,  and  on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  &  Terre  Haute 
Railroad,  26  miles  E.  by  N.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  graded  school,  2  flour-mills,  a  saw-mill,  a  cigar- 
fiictory,  (fee.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Saint  Jacobs,  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  Conestogo  River,  8  miles  N.  of  Berlin.  It  kas  » 
woollen-factory,  tannery,  grist-mill,  and  3  stores.     P.  450. 

Saint-Jacques,  a  town  of  France.    See  Saint  James. 

Saint  Jacques,  river,  Canada.     See  Saint  James. 

Saint  Jacques  de  I'Achigan,  sS^n^  zhik  deh  11*- 
6he*g6N"',  a  post- village  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Montcalm,  13  miles 
N.N.AV.  of  L'Assomption.  It  has  a  church,  a  convent,  a 
brewery,  &c.     Pop.  800. 

Saint  Jacques  le  Mineur,  s&n"  zhS,k'l?h  mee'nuR', 
a  post-village  in  Laprairie  co.,  Quebec,  5  miles  from 
L'Acadie.     It  has  4  stores  and  3  hotels.     Pop.  500. 

Saint  Jago,  a  Cape  Verd  island.     See  Santiago. 

Saint- Jal,  s^n"  zhft,l,  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Correze,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Tulle.     Pop.  1600. 

Saint  James  (Fr.  Saint-Jacques,  sAn"  zhik),  a  town 
of  France,  in  Manche,  12  miles  S.  of  Avranches.  Popi 
2070.     It  was  fortified  by  William  the  Conqueror. 

Saint  James,  in  Spain,  &o.     See  Santiago. 

Saint  James  (Fr.  Saiut-Jacqnes,  siN°  zhik),  a  rivet 
of  Quebec,  flows  S.E.  23  miles,  and  joins  the  St.  Lawrence 
10  miles  N.E.  of  the  mouth  of  the  Saguenay. 

Saint  James,  a  parish  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Louisiana^ 
has  an  area  of  about  300  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Mississippi  River,  and  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  Laka 
Maurepas.  The  surface  is  level,  and  extensively  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  alluvial  and  fertile.  Sugar,  mo- 
lasses, cotton,  rice,  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products. 
This  parish  is  intersected  by  a  division  of  the  Louisville, 
New  Orleans  &  Texas  Railroad  and  a  division  of  the  Texas 
<fc  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Convent.  Pop.  in  1870, 10,152 ; 
in  1880,  14,714;   in  1890,  15,715. 

Saint  James,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gibson  co.,  Ind.,  dt 
the  Evansville  &  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  15  miles  N.  of 
Evansville.     It  has  a  church. 

Saint  James,  a  post-village  of  St.  James  parish,  L»., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  New  Orleans  &  Texas 
Railroad,  50  miles  W.  of  New  Orleans.  It  has  a  Catholic 
college. 

Saint  James,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  IJ 
miles  from  Monkton  Mills.     It  has  3  churches. 

Saint  James,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Manitou  co., 
Mich.,  on  Beaver  Island,  in  Lake  Michigan,  about  70 
miles  N.  of  Traverse  City.  It  has  a  church,  and  is  mainly 
supported  by  fishing  and  lumbering.     Pop.  about  250. 

Saint  James,  a  post-village  of  Watonwan  co.,  Minn., 
in  St.  James  township,  on  the  St.  Paul  &  Sioux  City  RaiU 
road,  wliich  here  connects  with  the  Sioux  City  <fc  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  122  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Paul,  and  12  miles  W.  of 
Madelia.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  <tc.  Pop.  in 
1890,  939 ;  of  the  township,  additional,  473. 

Saint  James,  township,  Mississippi  co..  Mo.    P.  1625. 

Saint  James,  a  post-village  in  St.  James  township, 
Phelps  CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Atlantic  A  Pacific  Railroad,  10 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Rolla,  and  104  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Louisi 
It  contains  a  school  called  the  James  Institute,  3  churchcr^, 
a  tannery,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill.  Pop.  in  1890, 
467.     The  township  is  drained  by  the  Maramec  River. 

Saint  James,  a  post- village  of  Cedar  co..  Neb.,  near 
the  Missouri  River,  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Yankton.  It 
has  a  church,  2  flour-mills,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Saint  James,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sraithtown  township, 
Sufi'olk  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  an  inlet  of  Long  Island  Sound,  and  on 
the  Long  Island  Railroad,  50  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Brooklyn. 
It  has  2  churches,  3  stores,  and  about  30  houses. 


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2348 


SAl 


Saiot  James,  township,  Clarendon  oo.,  S.C.    P.  640. 

Saint  James,  a  Cnpo  Vord  island.    See  Sa.ntiaqo. 

Saint  James  College,  Md.  Soo  Collrok  St.  James. 

Saint  James,  (•oose  Creek,  a.  towttgliip  of  Charles- 
ton CO.,  S.C.     Pop.  7795. 

Saint  James  Park,  a  suburb  of  the  city  of  London, 
lliddlosex  oo.,  Ontario.  It  contains  a  bakery,  a  church,  0 
hotels,  6  stores,  and  nurseries  80  acres  iu  extent.  The 
Great  Western  Kaiiway  runs  past  it.     Pop.  1200. 

Saint  James,  Santce,  a  township  of  Charleston  oo., 
S.C.     Pop.  2057. 

Saint  Jan,  West  Indies.    See  Saint  John. 

Saint  Janvier,  s&k"  ih&N<>Ve-A',  a  post-village  in 
Terrebonne  co.,  Quebec,  26  miles  N.W.  of  Montreal. 

Saint  Jean  Ilaptiste  de  Montreal,  shs*  zhAN« 
bApUcest'  dfh  m&N«Urd'&l',a  village  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Iloche- 
liiga,  1  mile  from  Alontreal,  of  which  it  may  bo  considered 
R  suburb.  It  has  a  fine  market,  a  number  of  stores,  several 
hotels,  and  many  good  buildings.     Pop.  4408. 

Saint  Jean  Baptistc  de  Rouville,  fLv  ibbs' 
b&pHoest'  d^h  >  rooVeel',  a  post-village  in  Rouville  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  LitHe  River  Huron,  9  miles  S.  of  St.  Ililaire 
Stiition.     It  contains  several  stores  and  mills. 

Saint-Jeau>Bonnefond,  slof  zhbs'  bonn^fds*',  a 
village  of  France,  department  of  Loire,  3  miles  N.E.  of 
Saint-Etienne.     Pop.  of  commune,  4316. 

Saint  Jean  Chrysostome  dc  Chftteauguay, 
Bi>'»  zh5N»  kree^zos'tAm'  d^h  shlHo^gi'  (formerly  called 
£d'wardsto\vn),  a  post-village  in  Chateauguay  co., 
Quebec,  at  the  confluence  of  the  English  and  Black  Rivers, 
13  miles  S.W.  of  St.  llemi.  It  has  2  churches,  5  hotels,  a 
tannery,  a  brick-field,  several  mills,  and  6  stores.     P.  1000. 

Saint  Jean  Chrysostome  de  Levis,  sIl><°  zhby« 
kree^zos't6m' d^h  lA-veo',  a  post-village  in  Levis  co.,  Quebec, 
on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  13  miles  S.  of  Quebec.  It 
has  saw-  and  grist-mills  and  several  stores.     Pop.  300. 

Saint  Jean  d*Acre,  Syria.    See  Acre. 

Saint-Jean-d'Angely,  siN<»  zhftN"  dds^'zhiMee',  a 
town  of  France,  in  Charente-Inf6rieure,  on  the  Boutonne, 
15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Saintes.  It  has  2  churches,  a  hospital, 
manufactures  of  brandy,  beer,  serge,  farina,  and  iron  tools, 
»nd  a  trade  in  cognac  brand}'.     Pop.  6309. 

Saint- Jean-de-Bournay,  gJlN<>  zhbs"  d^h  boon^nil', 
R  village  of  France,  in  Isere,  12  miles  E.  of  Vienne.  It 
Las  manufactures  of  ribbon,  velvet,  and  wine.     Pop.  1705. 

Saint-Jean-de-Livcrsay,  ska"  zh6N»  d§h  Iee'v6n*- 
g^',  a  village  of  France,  in  Charente-Inf6rieure,  15  miles 
K.E.  of  La  Rochelle.     Pop.  1722. 

Saint-Jean-de-Losne,  siN<»  zh6N<»  d?h  I5n,  or 
Belle-Defense,  bfill  di'f6Nss',  a  town  of  France,  in 
C6te-d'0r,  on  the  Saone,  at  its  junction  with  the  Canal  of 
Uurgundy,  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bcaune.     Pop.  1860. 

Saint- Jean-de-Luz,  siN»  zh^.v  d^h  lUz,  a  town  of 
France,  in  Basses-Pyrfinees,  on  the  sea,  12  miles  by  rail 
6.W.  of  Bayonne,  defended  by  3  forts.     Pop.  3131. 

Saint  Jean  de  Matha,  s-Xip>  zhbif  d^h  m&'td',  a  post- 
village  in  Joliette  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  L'Assomption, 
^1  miles  N.  of  Joliette.  It  has  7  saw-mills,  3  grist-mills,  a 
carding-  and  fulling-mill,  and  several  stores.  Pop.  400. 
.  Saint- Jean-de-Manrienne,  sftN»  zhb^-"  d?h  mO're- 
inn',  or  San  Giovanni  di  Moriana,  sin  jo-v&n'nce 
dee  mo-re-d'n4,  a  town  of  France,  in  Savoy,  on  the  Arc,  at 
the  influx  of  the  Arran,  44  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Chambery. 
Pop.  2623. 

Saint-Jean-de-Mont,  sin"  zh£N<>  d^h  m6N<>,  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  in  Vendue,  near  the  Atlantic,  33  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Les  Sables.     Pop.  of  commune,  4024. 

Saint  Jean  d'£schaiilons,  siNo  zhdN<>  dish'S,'- 
yis"',  a  post-village  in  Lotbinidre  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river 
St.  Lawrence,  57  miles  S.W.  of  Quebec.  It  has  3  saw-mills, 
3  grist-mills,  and  7  or  8  stores.     Pop.  400. 

Saint  Jean  d'Orl^ans,  siita  zh6M<>  donM&'&N*',  a 
post-village  in  Montmorency  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Isle  of 
Orleans,  22  miles  below  Quebec. 

Saint- Jean-du-Gard,  8ili«<>  zh&N-<>  dii  gan,  a  village 
of  France,  in  Gard,  on  the  Gordon  d'Anduzc,  arrondisse- 
nient  and  9  miles  W.  of  Alais.  Pop.  2741.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  silk  gloves  and  silk  hosiery. 

Saint-Jean-en-Royans,  sin"  zhbv  is»  roi'6N<'',  a 
village  of  France,  in  Drdme,  19  miles  E.N.E.  of  Valence, 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Lionne.     Pop.  1534. 

Saint- Jcan-IUolenbeek,  Belgium.  SeoMoLEXBEEK. 

Saint  Jean  Port  Joli,  sliv  zh6N<>  poR  zho'lee',  a 
post-village  of  Quebec,  capital  of  the  co.  of  L'Islet,  on 
the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railway,  71  miles  N.E.  of  Quebec.  It  contains  a  church, 
a  tannery,  and  about  10  stores.    Pop.  400. 


Saint  J^rOme,  sAn*  zhAVnm',  a  post-villnge  of  Que. 
boo,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Terrebonne,  on  the  North  Hiver, 
33  miles  N.  of  Montreal.  It  has  llio  county  buildingx,  a 
church,  a  woollen-factory,  ccveral  saw-  and  grist-mill»,  and 
a  number  of  storesi.     Pop.  1159. 

Saint  Jerome  du  Lac  Saint  Jcan,8il>-o  zh&'rCm' 
dU  l&k  sAn"  zIi6n»,  a  village  in  Chicoutimi  co.,  Quebec,  56 
miles  from  Chicoutimi.     i'op.  120. 

Saint-Jeure,  or  Saint-Jenrre,  shy  zIuir,  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  in  llaute-Loire,  4  miles  E.  of  Yssingeaux. 
Pop.  of  commune,  2704. 

Saint  Jo,  a  post-village  of  Montague  co.,  Tex.,  65 
miles  W.  of  Sherman.     It  has  4  churches. 

Saint- Joachim,  8&N<>  zho'i'k4.N>»',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Loire-Inffirieure,  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Savenay. 

Saint  Joachim,  s^.n"  zho'&'k4N-°',  a  post-village  in 
Montmorency  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  St.  Law- 
rence, 27  miles  N.E.  of  Quebec.  It  contains  a  church  and 
6  or  6  stores.    See  also  Ciiateauouay. 

Saint  Joachim,  Paraguay.    See  San  Joaqcin. 

Saint  Joachim  dc  Shelford,  s&n»  zho'&'kii<<>'  d«h 
sherfoii',  a  post-village  in  Shcflord  co.,  Quebec,  9  miles  N. 
of  Waterloo. 

Saint  Joe,  a  post-oflice  of  Searcy  co..  Ark. 

Saint  Joe,  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind.     See  Blaiu. 

Saint  Joe,  a  station  of  Minnesota.  See  Saint  Josepii. 

Saint  Joe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co..  Neb.,  8 
miles  from  Grand  Island.     Pop.  50. 

Saint  Joe,  a  post-village  of  Butler  co..  Pa.,  in  Done- 
gal township,  on  the  railroad  between  Butler  and  Karns 
City,  8i  miles  S.  of  the  latter.  It  has  several  oil-wells  and 
3  gas-wells.  Oil  was  struck  here  in  August,  1874,  and  300 
buildings  were  erected,  which  were  destroyed  by  fire  in  No- 
vember of  that  year. 

Saint  John,  in  France.     See  Saint-Jean. 

Saint  John,  in  Germany.     See  Sanct  Johann. 

Saint  John  (Ger.  6'«)ic<yo/ioiiH,  s4nktyo-hdnn';  Ilun. 
Szeut  Janon,  sdnt  yi'nosh^),  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  and 
31  miles  N.  of  Preaburg.     Pop.  1700. 

Saint  John,  in  Italy.    See  San  Giovanni. 

Saint  John,  in  Portugal  and  Brazil.     See  Sao  Joao. 

Saint  John,  in  Spain,     See  San  Juan. 

Saint  John,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dorsey  co.,  Ark.,  25 
miles  S.  of  Pine  Blufl". 

Saint  John,  a  post-hamlct  of  Colusa  co.,  Cal.,  about  2 
miles  W.  of  the  Sacramento  River,  and  48  miles  N.W.  of 
Marysville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Saint  John,  a  post-village  of  Perry  co.,  III.,  on  the 
Illinois  Central  Railroad,  1  or  2  miles  N.  of  Duquoin.  It 
is  supported  by  the  manufacture  of  salt,  and  operations  in 
coal,  which  is  mined  here. 

Saint  John,  a  post-hamlet  in  St.  John  township,  Lake 
00.,  Ind.,  about  34  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Chicago.  It  has  a 
church.  Tho  township  is  intersected  by  the  railroad  which 
connects  Chicago  with  Logansport.     P.  of  township,  1-142. 

Saint  John,  township,  Harrison  co.,  Iowa.     P.  1210. 

Saint  John,  Hardin  co.,  Ky.     See  BEXHi.EnEJi. 

Saint  John,  a  station  of  the  New  Orleans  &  Tex.ia 
Riiilroad,  near  Edgard,  33  miles  W.  of  New  Orleans. 

Saint  John,  a  plantation  of  Aroostook  co.,  Me.,  t    ■ 
miles  W.  of  Fort  Kent.     Pop.  127.  1 

Saint  John,  township,  New  Madrid  co..  Mo.    P.  403. 

Saint  John,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co..  Mo.,  12 
miles  from  Seymour,  Iowa,  and  about  60  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Chillicothe.     It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  130. 

Saint  John,  a  post-oflice  of  Hertford  co.,  N.C. 

Saint  John,  a  village  of  Mercer  co.,  0.,  in  Marion 
township,  about  22  miles  N.W.  of  Sidney.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  convent.     Pop.  105.     Here  is  Maria  Stein  Post-Office. 

Saint  John,  a  post-village  of  Tooele  co.,  Utah,  10  miles 
S.AV.  of  Stockton,  and  about  45  miles  S.W.  of  Salt  Lake 
City.     It  h.is  a  church.     Pop.  about  250. 

Saint  John,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calumet  co.,  Wis.,  in 
Woodville  township,  3  miles  from  llilbert  Railro.id  Station. 

Saint  John,  or  Saint  Jan,  sSnt  y&n,  an  island  of 
the  Danish  West  Indies,  E.N.E.  of  St.  Thomas.  Area,  42 
square  miles.  Chief  exports,  cattle  and  bay  rum.  Capital, 
Crux  Bay.     Pop.  1054. 

Saint  John, .a  river  of  Quebec.     Sec  Richelieu. 

Saint  John,  a  lake  of  Quebec,  about  120  miles  N.  of 
the  city  of  Quebec.  It  receives  numerous  rivers,  and  con- 
tains many  islands. 

Saint  John,  a  city  and  seaport  of  New  Brunswick,  the 
commercial  metropolis  of  the  province,  and  capital  of  tho 
CO.  of  St.  John,  is  picturesquely  situated  at  the  mouth  of 
a  river  of  its  own  name,  on  a  rocky  peninsula  projecting 
into  the  harbor,  190  miles  N.W.  of  Halifax,  and  761  miles 


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2349 


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g.E.  of  Montreal.  Lat.  45°  14'  6"  N. ;  Ion.  66°  3'  30"  W. 
The  city  is  regularly  laid  out  and  well  built.  The  buildings 
are  chiefly  of  brick  and  stone,  the  principal  public  edifices 
being  St.  Mary's  cathedral  (Roman  Catholic),  lunatic  asy- 
lum, city  hospital,  court-house  and  jail,  marine  hospital, 
penitentiary,  almshouse,  male  orphan  asylum,  academy  of 
music,  dramatic  lyceum,  mechanics' institute,  skating-rink, 
barracks,  and  the  34  places  of  worship.  The  educational 
institutions  comprise  a  grammar-school,  a  Madras  school, 
and  a  number  of  public  and  private  schools.  St.  John  has 
a  number  of  religious  and  charitable  societies,  a  public 
library,  2  banks  and  2  branch  banks,  a  savings-bank,  an 
efficient  fire-brigade,  fire-alarm  telegraph,  4  daily  and  sev- 
eral weekly  newspapers,  and  a  number  of  hotels.  (The  thriv- 
ing suburb  of  Carleton,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  harbor, 
is  included  within  the  city  corporation.)  The  harbor  of 
St.  John  is  capacious,  safe,  and  never  obstructed  by  ice. 
Its  entrance,  about  2  miles  S.  of  the  city,  is  protected  by 
Partridge  Island,  on  which  are  a  quarantine  hospital  and 
a  light-house.  On  the  E.  side  of  the  channel  below  the 
town  a  breakwater  has  been  constructed  to  intercept  the 
violence  of  the  waves  occasioned  by  southerly  gales.  The 
entrance  of  the  river  St.  John  into  the  harbor,  about  li 
miles  above  the  city,  is  through  a  rocky  gorge  90  yards 
wide  and  400  yards  long,  occasioning  very  remarkable  falls, 
and  spanning  the  gorge  about  100  feet  above  low  water  is 
a  suspension-bridge  640  feet  long.  St.  John  is  theentrepSt 
of  a  wide  extent  of  country  abounding  in  agricultural  re- 
sources, minerals,  and  valuable  timber,  and  its  situation  at 
the  mouth  of  a  large  river,  with  a  harbor  open  all  the  year 
round,  with  railways  running  from  it  in  every  direction, 
with  extensive  maritime  and  manufacturing  interests,  indi- 
cates its  great  commercial  importance.  St.  John  has  manu- 
factories of  iron  castings,  steam-engines,  machinery,  edge- 
tools,  nails,  cotton  and  woollen  goods,  boots  and  shoes, 
leather,  wooden-ware,  soap  and  candles,  carriages,  locomo- 
tives, agricultural  implements,  lumber,  p.'iper,  sugar-boxes, 
Ac,  and  its  most  important  branch  of  industry  is  ship- 
building. Between  600  and  900  men  are  yearly  engaged 
in  the  fisheries  in  the  harbor  of  St.  John.  Salmon,  shad, 
herrings,  alewives,  halibut,  and  haddock  are  taken  in  large 
quantities.  The  streets  are  lighted  with  gas,  and  the  city 
is  well  supplied  with  water  from  a  lake  4  miles  distant. 
The  railway  system  of  New  Brunswick  centres  at  St.  John. 
The  great  Intercolonial  Railway  connects  the  city  with  Nova 
Scotia  and  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  find  the  European  & 
North  American  Railway  connects  it  with  Bangor,  Me.  St. 
John  was  created  a  town  by  royal  charter  in  1785.  The 
city  and  county  return  three  members  to  the  House  of 
Commons  and  six  to  the  provincial  legislature.  Pop.  of 
city  in  1871,  28,805;  in  1881,  26,127;  in  1891,  24,184. 

Saint  John,  a  maritime  county  of  Now  Brunswick, 
bordering  on  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  and  intersected  by  the 
river  St.  John,  which  at  its  mouth  forms  one  of  the  finest 
harbors  on  the  coast.  It  is  also  drained  by  the  Kenne- 
baccasis  and  other  rivers.  The  surface  is  diversified  with 
hills  and  valleys.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  agriculture  has 
made  some  advances ;  the  chief  industry  of  the  inhabit- 
ants, however,  is  directed  to  commerce,  ship-building,  and 
the  fisheries.  St.  John  is  the  most  populous  county  in 
the  province.  Area,  585  square  miles.  Capital,  St.  John. 
Pop.  52,303. 

Saint  John  Bap'tist,  a  parish  in  the  S.E.  part  of 
Louisiana,  has  an  area  of  about  195  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  Liike  Maurepas,  and  on  the  E.  by 
Lake  Pontchartrain,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Mississippi 
River.  The  surface  is  very  level,  and  scarcely  as  high  us 
the  adjacent  river.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Sugar,  molasses, 
and  Indian  corn  are  the  staples.  Capital,  Edgard.  Pop. 
in  1870,  6962;  in  1880,  9686;  in  1890,  11,359. 

Saint  John'land,  a  post-village  and  colony  in  Smith- 
town  township,  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Long  Island  Sound, 
and  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Northport. 
Here  is  a  charitable  institution  designed  for  the  education 
of  crippled  children,  the  support  of  indigent  old  men,  &c. 
St.  Johnland  has  a  church,  a  stereotype-foundry,  a  school, 
the  Old  Man's  Home,  and  a  printing-office. 

Saint  Jolin  River,  of  New  Brunswick,  rises  in  the 
highlands  in  the  N.  of  Maine,  flows  N.E.  150  miles  under 
the  name  of  the  W.alloostook,  and,  after  forming  part  of  the 
boundary  between  Maine  and  the  provinces  of  Quebec  and 
New  Brunswick,  turns  in  a  general  S.E,  direction,  inter- 
sects the  latter  province,  and  enters  the  Bay  of  Fundy. 
Length,  450  miles. 

Saint  John's,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Florida, 
has  an  area  of  about  990  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  St. 


John's  River.  The  surface  is  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it 
is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  sandy  and  mostly  pooi*. 
Cattle  and  sugar-cane  are  the  chief  products.  This  county 
is  traversed  by  several  railroads.  Capital,  St.  Augustine. 
Pop.  in  1870,  2618;  in  1880,  4535;  in  1890,  8712, 

Saint  John's,  a  station  in  Shelby  co.,  Ind.,  on  a  rail- 
road, 4  miles  S.  of  Shelbyville. 

Saint  John's,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clinton  co., 
Mich.,  in  Bingham  township,  on  the  Detroit  &  Milwaukee 
Railroad,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Pineonning  Railroad,  93 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Detroit,  and  22  miles  N.  of  Lansing.  It 
has  7  churches,  a  national  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  union- 
school,  an  iron-foundry,  a  steam  flour-mill,  and  manufao- 
tures  of  carriages,  farming-implements,  Ac.     Pop.  2300, 

Saint  John's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kandiyohi  co.,  Minn.,- 
in  St.  John's  township,  on  the  St.  Paul  <fc  Pacific  Railroad. 
6  miles  W.N.W.  of  Willmar.     Pop.  of  the  township,  88. 

Saint  John's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Auglaize  co.,  0.,  5i 
miles  E.  of  Wapakoneta.     It  has  2  churches. 

Saint  John's,  Mercer  co.,  0.    See  Saint  John, 

Saint  John's,  a  post-office  of  Multnomah  CO.,  Oregon. 

Saint  Johns,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Quebec, 
bordering  on  the  Richelieu  River.  Area,  175  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  (Rouse'n 
Point  divisif.D).     Capital,  St.  Johns.     Pop.  12,122. 

Saint  John's,  a  seaport  and  city,  capital  of  New- 
foundland, near  the  extremity  of  the  easternmost  of  the ' 
peninsulas  which  project  from  the  E.  portion  of  the  island,  ■ 
1655  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Galway,  Ireland,  this  being  the 
shortest  distance  between  any  two  seaports  of  Europe  and 
America,  and  1076  miles  N.E.  of  Montreal.  Lat.  47°  33'  6" 
N. ;  Ion.  52°  3'  W.  The  harbor  is  one  of  the  very  best.  It' 
is  enclosed  by  two  mountains,  between  the  E.  points  of  ' 
which  is  the  entrance,  called  "the  Narrows,"  which  is  de- ■ 
fended  by  fortifications.  It  has  12  fathoms  of  water  in  • 
mid-channel,  but  only  one  vessel  can  pass  at  a  time. 
Within  there  is  ample  space  for  shipping  in  good  anchorage- 
with  perfect  shelter.  There  are  no  perceptible  tides.  The' 
town  consists  chiefly  of  one  street,  about  li  miles  in  length. 
It  is  lighted  with  gas  and  well  supplied  with  water.  The 
public  buildings,  exclusive  of  the  churches,  are  the  govern-' 
mcnt  house,  house  of  assembly,  hospital,  penitentiary,  poor- 
house,  and  banks.  There  are  8  places  of  worship,  one  oi 
which  is  a  fine  cathedral  erected  for  the  Roman  Catholics  at 
a  cost  of  $800,000.  The  Episcopal  cathedral  is  also  a  fine' 
edifice.  It  cost  over  $120,000.  The  educational  institu-' 
tions  comprise  2  schools  in  connection  with  the  Church  of 
England,  one  belonging  to  the  Wesleyan  Church,  and  2  to 
the  Roman  Catholic  Church.  There  are  several  religious" 
and  benevolent  societies,  a  mechanics'  institute,  an  agricul- 
tural society,  foundries,  breweries,  tanneries,  a  rope-factory, 
a  block-factory,  a  boot-  and  shoe-factory,  a  cabinet-shop,  a 
saw-iuill,  3  biscuit-factories,  several  oil-refineries,  and  al 
large  factory  for  making  nets.  The  trade  of  St.  John's • 
consists  chiefly  in  supplying  the  fishermen  with  clothing,' 
provisions,  and  fishing  and  hunting  gear.     Pop,  22,553. 

Saint  John's,  Ontario,     See  Ottawa, 

Saint  Johns  (formerly  Dor'chester),  a  town  of 
Quebec,  capital  of  the  co.  of  St.  Johns,  on  the  river  Riche-' 
lieu,  27  miles  S.E.  of  Montreal,  at  the  junction  of  the  Grand' 
Trunk,  Averment  Central,  Shefford  ifc  Chambly,  Stanstead, 
and  Southeastern  Railways,  St.  Johns  has  4  churches,  a 
bank,  a  town  hall,  a  lunatic  asylum,  barracks,  2  newspaper- 
offices,  about  40  stores,  and  manufactories  of  iron  castings, 
leather,  earthenware,  <fec.,  also  saw-,  grist-,  and  planing-- 
mills,  brick-fields,  2  breweries,  <fec.  It  is  connected  with 
St.  Athanase,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  Richelieu,  by  a 
fine  bridge.  St.  Johns  has  a  large  trade  in  lumber,  grain,' 
and  country  produce.     Pop.  3022. 

Saint  John's,  a  city,  capital  of  the  island  of  Antigua, 
on  its  N.E.  coast,  and  on  a  fine  harbor.  It  has  costly  water- 
works, a  lunatic  hospital  and  other  hospitals,  a  jail,  <fec.,  and- 
is  the  seat  of  Anglican  and  Moravian  bishops.     Pop.  8719. 

Saint  John's  Asylum,  post-office,  Kenton  co.,  Ky. 

Saint  John's,  Berkley,  a  township  of  Charleston  co.,- 
S.C,     Pop.  7868. 

Saint  Johns'burg,  a  post-office  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y. 

Saint  Johns'bury,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Caledoni* 
CO.,  Vt.,  in  St.  Johnsbury  township,  on  the  Passumpsie 
River,  and  on  the  Passumpsie  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Portland  <fc  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  21  miles  N.  of  Wells 
River,  44  miles  S.  of  Newport,  and  about  34  miles  E.N.E.- 
of  Montpelier.  It  contains  a  fine  court-house  on  a  hill,  a 
graded  school,  an  academy,  a  soldiers'  monument,  the 
athenseum,  which  has  a  library  of  about  9000  volumes,  a 
national  bank,  which  has  a  capital  of  $500,000,  a  savings- 
.bank,  8  or  9  churches,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  2- 


SAI 


2850 


SAI 


wMkly  DtwspApers.  Here  are  several  foundrioa,  innohine- 
iliopo,  manufuotoriea  of  fuxming-iiiipleinonta,  and  Fair- 
banks A  Co.'s  Urge  luiuaufaotory  uf  soaloa  and  bnlanooa, 
whioh  ainpluys  alMut  3U0  luun,  and  produces  scales  and 
balances  to  the  value  of  $1,6U0,UU0  anuuully.  Mowing-  and 
tbrekbing-iiiaobincii  are  ul.su  mode  hero.  Top,  in  18U0, 
.')867  ;  of  the  township,  6507. 

Saiut  Jolinsbury  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Oalo- 
douia  CO.,  Vt.,  ia  St.  Johnsbury  township,  on  the  Passunip- 
sio  lliver,  and  on  the  Possuuipsic  lluilrouid,  2  or  3  uiilos  N.  uf 
St.  Johnsbury.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill.  Twonty- 
Mvon  housed,  storcn,  &o.,  were  burned  here  in  July,  1S7(S. 

Saint  Johusbury  fast,  a  post-vilUgo  of  Caludouia 
CO.,  Vt.,  in  St.  Johnsbury  township,  on  the  Moose  River, 
about  37  miles  E.N.E.  of  Montpelier.     It  has  2  ohurclics. 

Saint  John's  College.  See  Forduam,  N.Y.,  and 
An.nai>olis,  Md. 

Saint  John's,  Colleton,  a  township  of  Chofloston 
CO.,  S.C.     Pop.  860-i. 

Saint  John's  Creek,  Franklin  co.,  Mo.,  joins  the 
Missouri  River  from  the  right.     It  is  a  good  mill-stream. 

Saiut  John's  Island.    See  Chang-Chgun-Chau. 

Saint  John's  Light-IIouse,  at  the  entrance  of  St. 
John's  lliver,  Fla.,  exhibits  a  hxod  light  66  feet  high.  Lat. 
30°  21'  N.:  Ion.  81°  33'  \Y. 

Saint  John's  Light-House,  Lake  Pontchartrain,  at 
the  entrance  of  the  Uayou  St.  John,  5  miles  N.  of  New  Or- 
leans.    It  shows  a  fi.xed  light  48  feet  high. 

Saint  John's  River,  Florida,  rbca  in  Brevard  co., 
and  runs  nearly  northward.  It  forms  the  boundary  be- 
tween the  cos.  of  Volusia  and  St.  John's  on  the  right,  and 
Orange,  Marion,  Putnam,  and  Clay  on  the  left,  and  enters 
the  Atlantic  Ocean  in  Duval  co.,  about  15  miles  E.  of  Jack- 
Eouville.  It  is  nearly  350  miles  long.  Steamboats  of  large 
size  ascend  it  to  Enterprise,  about  250  miles,  and  small 
ones  can  go  much  farther.  It  is  several  miles  wide  at  many 
places,  and  flows  through  a  level  region  in  which  are  many 
lakes  and  orange-groves. 

Saint  Johnstown,  Scotland.    See  Perth. 

Saiut  Johns'ville,  a  post-village  in  St.  Jobnsvillo 
township,  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the 
Mohawk  River,  near  the  Erie  Canal,  and  on  the  New  York 
Central  Railroad,  64  miles  W.N.W.  of  Albany.  It  con- 
tains 3  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
manufactories  of  roiipers  and  woollen  goods.  Pop.  in  1890, 
1263;  of  the  township,  2081. 

Saint  Johu  West,  a  post-village  in  Welland  co.,  On- 
tario, 7  miles  S.W,  of  St.  Catharines.  It  contains  2  stores, 
a  woollen-mill,  and  saw-  and  grist-mills.     Pop.  150. 

Saint  Jo'sepli,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Indiana, 
bordering  on  Michigan,  has  an  area  of  about  460  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  St.  Joseph  River,  ivnd  also 
drained  by  the  Kankakee  River,  which  rises  in  it.  The 
tmrface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and 
forests  of  the  oak,  hickory,  sugar-maple,  and  other  trees. 
The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  hay, 
butter,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  the  Lake  Shore  &,  Michigan  Southern  Rail- 
road, the  Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  the  Michigan 
Central  Railroad,  the  Terre  Haute  &  Indianapolis  Railroad, 
the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  and  the  Lake  Erie  & 
Western  Railroad.  Capital,  South  Bend.  Pop.  in  1870, 
25,322;  in  1880,  33,178;  in  1890,  42,457. 

Saint  Joseph,  a  county  in  the  S.  pnrt  of  Michigan, 
bordering  on  Indiana,  has  an  area  of  about  504  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  St.  Joseph  River,  which 
enters  Imke  Michigan  in  Berrien  county,  and  drained  by 
the  Fawn,  Portage,  and  Prairie  Rivers,  which  enter  the 
first-named  river  in  this  county.  The  surface  is  partly 
covered  with  forests  or  groves  of  the  oak,  hickory,  sugar- 
maple,  <to.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
bay,  wool,  pork,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  the 
Lake  Shore  &,  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  and  the  Grand 
Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad.  Capital,  Ccntreville.  Pop.  in 
1870,  26,275;  in  1880,  26,620;  iu  1890,  25,356. 

Saint  Joseph,  a  post-village  in  St.  Joseph  township, 
Champaign  co.,  111.,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  & 
Western  Railroad,  10.^  miles  E.  of  Champaign  City,  and  22 
miles  W.  of  Danville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  money-order 
piist-oflicc,  2  drug-stores,  3  other  stores,  and  a  graded  school. 
Pop.  about  300 ;  of  the  township,  1222, 

Saint  Joseph,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.     P.  1373. 

Saint  Joseph,  Clarke  co.,  Ind.  See  St.  Joseph's  IIi  ll. 

Saint  Joseph,  a  post-village  of  Vanderburg  co.,  Ind., 
in  German  township,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Evansville.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  plough-factory,  and  a  wagon-shop. 


Saint  Joseph,  a  po«t-villaga  of  Kossuth  co.,  Town,  os 
the  Des  Moines  Hiver,  12  miles  Uilow  Alfona.  Ifc  bM  a 
church. 

Saint  Joseph,  s  post-office  of  Cloud  eo.,  Kansas,  J 
miles  from  Clyde. 

Saiut  Joseph,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Tensas  parish, 
La.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Mississippi  River,  about  -11) 
miles  above  Natchez.  It  baa  2  churches  and  a  nowypupot 
ofiioe.     Much  cotton  is  shipped  here. 

Saint  Joseph,  a  poiit-villago  in  St.  Jose))h  town.ship, 
Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Michigan,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
St.  Joseph  River,  about  60  miles  by  water  E.N.E.  of  Clii- 
cage,  22  miles  N. N.W.  of  Nilos,  und  2  miles  S.W.  of  Ben- 
ton Harbor.  It  is  on  the  Chicago  <t:  Michigan  Lake  Shore 
Railroad.  It  has  8  churches,  2  newspaper  otlicus,  a  briuk- 
school-houso  which  cost  $40,000,  a  national  bank,  several 
hotels,  a  machine-shop,  2  saw-mills,  a  grist-mill,  and  manu- 
factures of  baskets,  fruit-packages,  safli  and  blinds,  <tc. 
Large  quantities  of  fruit  are  exported  from  this  place  to 
Chicago.     Pop.  in  1890,  3733;  of  the  township,  4826. 

Saint  Joseph,  a  post-village  in  St.  Joseph  township, 
Stearns  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  St.  Paul  &,  Pacific  Railroad,  7 
miles  W.  of  St.  Cloud.  It  contains  a  church  and  a  steam 
flour-mill.  The  township  is  drained  by  the  Sauk  River. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1013.  Saint  John's  College  (Catho- 
lic) is  5  miles  from  this  village. 

Saiut  Joseph,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Buchanan  co.. 
Mo.,  is  situated  on  the  left  (E.)  bank  of  the  Missouri  River, 
about  110  miles  above  Kansas  City,  and  33  miles  by  land 
N.  of  Leavenworth.  By  railroad  it  is  200  miles  W.  of 
Hannibal,  70  miles  N.N.W.  of  Kansas  City,  and  133  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Omaha.  It  is  the  third  city  of  the  state  in  popu- 
lation, and  is  an  important  railroad  centre,  being  the  W. 
terminus  of  the  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  Railroad  and  the 
E.  terminus  of  the  St.  Joseph  &  Denver  City  Railroad, 
Among  its  other  railroads  are  the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph 
&  Council  Bluffs,  the  St.  Joseph  &,  Topeka,  and  the  St. 
Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern.  It  has  a  costly  iron  rail- 
way bridge  over  the  river,  divided  into  3  fi.xed  spans  of  300 
feet  each,  1  of  80  feet,  and  1  pivot  draw-span  of  365  feet. 
St.  Joseph  contains  a  fine  court-houi^e,  a  high  school,  21 
free  schools,  5  grammar-schools,  an  opera-house,  a  theatre, 
a  city  hall,  21  churches,  4  banks,  the  capital  of  which 
amounts  to  $910,700,  2  or  3  savings-banks,  gas-works,  a 
woollen-factory,  several  manufactories  of  carriages,  saddlery, 
furniture,  shoes,  clothing,  &o.,  3  largo  establishments  for 
packing  pork,  2  iron-foundries,  many  brick-yards,  and 
several  steam  mills  and  breweries.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  state 
asylum  for  the  insane,  and  of  St.  Joseph  College  (Catholic), 
which  was  organized  in  1867.  Five  daily  and  6  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.  One  daily  is  in  the  German 
language.  St.  Joseph  was  laid  out  in  1843,  and  chartered 
as  a  city  in  1853.  It  is  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop's  see. 
Pop.  in  1870,  19,565;  in  1880,  32,431  ;  in  1890,  52,324. 

Saint  Joseph,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Nev. 

Saiut  Joseph,  a  township  of  Williams  co.,  0.  Pop. 
1844. 

Saiut  Joseph,  a  post-hamlet  of  I'am  Hill  co.,  Oregon, 
on  Yam  Hill  River,  and  on  the  Oregon  Central  Railroad,  48 
miles  S.W.  of  Portland. 

Saint  Joseph,  a  post-hamlet  of  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa., 
10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Montrose.     It  has  a  church. 

Saiut  Joseph,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Tenn., 
20  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Florence,  Ala.     It  has  a  church. 

Saint  Joseph,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  W.  Va,,  10 
miles  from  Rosby's  Rock. 

Saiut  Joseph,  a  post-office  of  La  Crosse  co..  Wis.,  13 
miles  from  La  Crosse. 

Saint  Joseph,  a  township  of  St.  Croix  co.,  Wis.    P.  265. 

Saint  Joseph,  one  of  the  Seychelles  Islands  of  the 
Indian  Ocean.     Lat.  6°  45'  S. ;  Ion.  51°  51'  E. 

Saint  Joseph,  or  Fort  Saint  Joseph.  See  Galam. 

Saiut  Joseph,  an  island  of  Ontario,  in  the  channel 
between  Lakes  Su])erior  and  Huron.  Lat.  46°  15'  N.;  Ion. 
84°  10'  W.     Length  and  breadth,  about  15  miles  each. 

Saiut  Joseph  (Fr.  pron.  sil.N*  zho'zfif),  a  post-village 
in  Westmoreland  co..  New  Brunswick,  3  miles  from  Mem- 
ramcook.  It  is  the  seat  of  St.  Joseph  do  Memramcook 
College,  with  8  professors.     Pop.  400. 

Saint  Joseph  de  Ueauce,  s4n«  zho'/^r  d^h  boce,  a 
thriving  post-village  and  parish  in  Beauce  co.,  Quebec,  42} 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Quebec.  It  has  3  saw-mills,  3  gri^t-mills, 
and  5  or  6  stores.  Copper  ore  is  found  in  the  vicinity. 
Pot).  450;  of  the  parish,  2981. 

Saint  Joseph  de  Levis,  Quebec.    See  Lauzon. 

Saint  Joseph  de  Maskinonge.    See  Maskinonoc 

Saint  Joseph  du  Lac,  sflxV  zh&zW  dU  l&k,  a  post- 


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village  in  the  co.  of  Two  Mountains,  Quebec,  near  the 
Lake  of  Two  Mountains,  30  miles  W.  of  Montreal. 

Saint  Jo'seph  River,  a  branch  of  the  Maumee,  rises 
iu  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.,  from  which  it  passes  into  Williams 
CO.,  0.  It  runs  south  westward,  and  soon  enters  the  state 
of  Indiana,  in  which  it  intersects  De  Kalb  co.,  and  unites 
with  St.  Mary's  River  at  Fort  Wayne  to  form  the  Maumee 
River.     It  is  nearly  120  miles  long. 

Saint  Joseph  River  rises  in  Hillsdale  eo.,  Mich., 
and  drains  parts  of  Calhoun,  Branch,  and  St.  Joseph  cos. 
It  pursues  a  tortuous  course,  the  general  direction  of  which 
is  nearly  westward,  runs  through  Elkhart  co.,  Ind.,  to  South 
Bend,  and  a  few  miles  below  that  town  returns  into  Michi- 
gan. It  next  runs  nearly  northward  through  Berrien  co., 
and  enters  Lake  Michigan  at  St.  Joseph.  It  is  about  250 
miles  long.   Small  steamboats  can  ascend  it  to  South  Bend. 

Saint  Joseph's  Bay,  an  arm  of  the  Gulf  of  Mex- 
ico, situated  in  Calhoun  co.,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Florida.  It 
is  formed  by  a  narrow  crooked  peninsula,  extending  from 
the  mainland  to  Cape  St.  Joseph,  the  S.  extremity  of  which 
forms  Cape  San  Bias.  Length,  nearly  25  miles  j  greatest 
breatlth,  about  10  miles. 

Saint  Joseph's  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarke  eo., 
Ind.,  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  Railroad, 
at  St.  Joseph  Station,  8  miles  N.  of  New  Albany.  Here  is 
a  church. 

Saint-Josse-Ten-Noode.     See  Josse-Ten-Noodk. 

Saint  Jnde,  sky  zhiid,  a  post-village  in  St.  Hyacinthe 
CO.,  Quebec,  13}  miles  N.  of  St.  Hyacinthe.     Pop.  600. 

Suint  Ju'lian,  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
W.  of  Borneo. 

Saint  Julian,  Malta.     See  Sax  Giuliaxo. 

Saint  Ju'lian  (Sp.  ^nn  Julian,  sin  Hoo-le-in'),  a  har- 
bor on  the  E.  coast  of  Patagonia.     Lat.  49°  8'  S. 

Saint-Julien«de-Chapteuil,  siso  zhiiMe-SN"'  d§h 
shJip'tui',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute-Loire,  near  the  Su- 
mone,  8  miles  E.  of  Le  Puy.     Pop.  1054-. 

Saint-Julien-de-CoBcelles,  s^n"  zhiiMo-lN»'  d§h 
k6N«^s6ir,  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire-Inferioure,  8  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Nantes.     Pop.  of  commune,  3971. 

Saint-Julien-du-Sault,  silN°  zhUMe-ds"'  dii  sO,  a 
town  of  France,  in  Loire-Inflrieure,  on  th&  YoDlie,  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Auxerre.     Pop.  1521. 

Saint- Julien- en- Jarret,  sdN*  zhii'le-iji"'  6s» 
zhaRVi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire,  on  the  Gior,  7  miles 
N.B.  of  Saint-Etienne.  Pop.  4553.  It  has  coal-mines, 
iron-furnaces,  forges,  and  manufactures  of  braid,  nails,  Ac. 

Saint- Junien,  sS.n»  zhii^ne-^No',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Ilaute-Vienne,  on  the  Vienne,  at  its  confluence  with  the 
Glane,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Rochechouart.  Pop.  5736.  It  has 
a  very  fine  parish  church,  a  communal  college,  tanneries, 
active  manufactures  of  serge,  blankets,  quiltings,  leather 
gloves,  hats,  and  porcelain,  and  large  monthly  fairs. 

Saint  Just,  Haldimand  co.,  Ontario.   See  Hullsville, 

Saint  Justin,  siN<»  zhiisHAN"',  a  post-village  in  Maski- 
nonge  co.,  Quebec,  2  miles  from  Maskinonge.  It  has  a 
church,  a  saw-mill,  and  3  stores.     Pop.  225. 

Saint-Just-la-Pendne,  sAn^  zhiist  14  p6x°^dii',  a 
village  of  France,  in  Loire,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Roanne. 

Saint-Just-Malmont,  sS,n»  zhiist  mirm6N''',  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  in  Haute-Loire,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Yssin- 
geaux.     Pop.  of  commune,  2014. 

Saint- Just- pres -Brionde,  sS.s"  zhiist  pri  bre- 
ood',  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Haute-Loiro,  ar- 
rondissement  of  Brioude.     Pop.  1418. 

Saint-Just-pres-Chomelix,  s4s»  zhiist  pri  sho^- 
m^h-lee',  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Haute-Loire, 
arrondissement  of  Le  Puy.     Pop.  1582. 

Saint-Just-sur-Loire,  sd.N<»  zhiist  sUn  Iwan,  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  in  Loire,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Montbrison. 

Saint  Kil'da,  an  island  of  Scotland,  in  the  Atlantic, 
82  miles  W.  of  Harris  (Hebrides).  Lat.  57°  48'  32"  N.; 
Ion.  8°  32'  2"  W.  Area,  about  4000  acres.  Pop.  71,  who 
all  live  in  a  village  near  the  S.E.  coast. 

Saint  Kil'da,  a  southern  suburb  of  Melbourne,  Aus- 
tralia.    Pop.  9089. 

Saint  Kil'ian,  a  post-office  of  Fond  du  Lac  co.,  AVis. 

Saint  Kitt's,  West  Indies.     See  Saint  Christopher. 

Saint  Lambert,  sks"  IfiM'bain',  a  post-village  of  Que- 
bec, CO.  of  Chambly,  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  at  the  E.  end  of 
the  Victoria  Bridge,  and  at  the  western  terminus  of  the 
Montreal,  Chambly  &  Sorel  Railway,  H  miles  from  Mon- 
treal.    Pop.  400. 

Saint  liambert  de  Lauzon,  deb  lo^zdx*',  a  post- 
village  in  Levis  co.,  Quebec,  18  miles  S.  of  Levis. 

Saint  Lan'dry ,  a  parish  in  the  S.  W.  part  of  Louisiana, 
bfts  an  area  of  about  1700  square  miles.    It  is  bounded 


on  the  E.  by  Atchafiilaya  Bayou,  which  is  navigable,  and 
is  drained  by  Courtableau,  Nezpique,  and  Teche  Bayous. 
The  surface  is  undulating  and  extensively  covered  with  for- 
ests and  cypress  swamps.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Cotton, 
cattle,  Indian  corn,  sugar-cane,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  This  parish  is  traversed  by  a  division  of  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,'  Opelousas.  Pop.  ill 
1870,  25,553;  in  1880,  40,004;  in  1890,  40,250. 

Saint-Laurent,  s4n°  loVfts"',  a  village  of  Belgium,  16 
miles  N.W.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  of  commune,  3296. 

Saint-Laurent,  the  French  for  St.  Lawrence. 

Saint  Laurent,  sdx<>'  loVdno',  a  post-village  of  Mani- 
toba, on  Lake  Manitoba,  60  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Winnipeg. 
It  contains  a  church  and  2  stores.     Pop.  167. 

Saint-Lanrent-de-Ccrda,  sin"  lo*r6N»'  d?h  s8r'- 
di',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Pyr6n6es-0rientale8, 
10  miles  S.W.  of  Cfiret.     Pop.  1739. 

Saint»Laurent-de-Ia-Salanque,  sAn>»  1oV5k»' 
deh  li  si'ldsk',  a  town  of  France,  in  PyrSnees-Orientales, 
near  the  mouth  of  the  Agly,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Perpignan, 
and  3  miles  from  the  sea.     It  has  salt-works.     Pop.  3990. 

Saint  Laurent  de  Montreal,  s4n°  loVfixo'  deh  m6N»*- 
tri'il',  a  post-village  in  Jacques  Cartier  co.,  Quebec,  on  the 
island  of  Montreal,  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Montreal.  It  has  a 
church,  a  college,  and  a  convent.     Pop.  500. 

Saint  Laurent  d'Orl6ans,siN<'  lo'rftN"'  doRMJ'in*', 
a  post-village  in  Montmorency  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Isle  of 
Orleans,  in  the  St.  Lawrence,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Quebec. 

Saint-Laurent-du-Pont,  siu"  lo'rftN"'  dii  p6N»,  a 
town  of  France,  in  Isere,  14  miles  N.  of  Grenoble.  Pop, 
of  commune,  2484. 

Saint-Laurent-sur-Gorre,  s^N"  loVfts"'  siiR  gon, 
a  town  of  France,  in  Haute-Vienne,  on  the  Gorre,  14  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Limoges.     Pop.  of  commune,  2422. 

Saint-Laurent-sur-Sevre,  sis"  1oV6n"'  sur  sSv'r, 
a  town  of  France,  in  Vendee,  on  the  Sevre-Nantaise,  3  miles 
S.E.  of  Mortagne-sur-Sevre.     Pop.  2008. 

Saint  Lawrence,  in  France.     See  Saint-Laurent. 

Saint  Lawrence,  in  Italy,  Spain,  and  Spanish  AmtSr^ 
ioa.     See  San  Lorenzo. 

Saint  LaAVrence,  in  Portugal  and  Brazil.  See  Slo 
L0UREN90. 

Saint  Law'rence  (Fr.  Saint-Laurent,  s&if  1oV6n»'; 
Ger.  Sanct  Lorenzflitss,  sinkt  lo'r5nts-fl65ss'),  one  of  the 
largest  rivers  of  North  America,  issues  from  Lake  Ontario 
in  about  44°  10'  N.  lat.  and  76°  30'  W.  Ion.,  and,  flowing 
in  a  N.E.  direction,  forming  in  a  part  of  its  course  the 
boundary  between  New  York  and  Canada,  falls  into  the 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence  by  a  broad  estuary  in  about  49°  30' 
N.  lat.  and  64°  W.  Ion.  Viewing  this  river  in  connection 
with  the  great  Western  lakes,  of  which  it  forms  the  outlet, 
it  may  be  said  to  rise  at  the  sources  of  the  St.  Louis,  which 
flows  into  Lake  Superior.  It  has  received  different  names 
in  different  parts  of  its  course:  between  Lakes  Superior 
and  Huron  it  is  called  the  St.  Mary;  between  Lakes  Huron 
and  Erie,  the  St.  Clair  and  Detroit;  between  Lakes  Erie 
and  Ontario,  the  Niagara ;  between  Lake  Ontario  and 
the  sea  it  takes  the  name  of  St.  Lawrence.  Its  whole 
length,  including  the  chain  of  lakes,  is  estimated  at  2200 
miles.  The  distance  from  Lake  Ontario  to  the  Gulf  of  St; 
Lawrence  is  about  750  miles.  It  is  navigable  for  ships-  ot 
the  line  to  Quebec,  and  for  vessels  of  600  tons  to  Montreal. 
Between  Montreal  and  the  lake  the  navigation  is  consider- 
ably impeded  by  rapids,  the  most  important  of  which  are 
the  Cedar  and  the  Lachine  Rapids,  the  latter  9  miles  above 
Montreal.  The  total  elevation  between  tide-water  and 
Lake  Ontario  is  about  230  feet.  This  is  overcome  by  canals 
varying  from  1  mile  to  12  miles  in  length  (but  in  the  ag- 
gregate only  41  miles  of  canal).  Owing  to  the  regular  in- 
clination of  the  rapids,  steamers  drawing  7  feet  of  water 
descend  without  the  aid  of  canals.  From  Lake  Ontario  to 
Lake  Erie  an  elevation  of  330  feet  is  overcome  by  a  canal. 
Obstructions  in  Lake  St.  Clair  and  the  rapids  at  Sault  Ste. 
Marie,  between  Lakes  Superior  and  Michigan,  are  also 
overcome  by  means  of  canals.  By  means  of  the  Sorel  of 
Richelieu  River  and  Chambly  Canal,  large  vessels  pass 
from  the  St.  Lawrence  to  Lake  Champlain,  which  commu- 
nicates through  the  Champlain  Canal  with  the  navigable 
waters  of  the  Hudson.  The  principal  affluents  of  the  St. 
Lawrence  are  the  Ottawa,  800  miles  long,  forming  the 
boundary  between  Ontario  and  Quebec,  and  the  St.  Man- 
rice,  Batisoaiv,  and  Saguenay,  from  200  to  400  miles  in 
length.  The  bresulth  of  the  St.  Lawrence  is  very  unequal, 
varying  from  less  than  a  mile  to  3  or  4  miles.  Across  its 
mouth,  from  Cape  Gaspe,  the  distance  is  above  100  milos. 
This  stream  contains  numerous  islands :  in  an  expansion  of 
the  river  near  its  egress  from  Lake  Ontario  there  is  a  mill- 


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titudinous  group,  called  the  "Thousand  IslandB,"  pretont- 
ing  to  tho  traveller  an  endless  variety  of  charming  scenery. 
This  portion  of  the  river  is  sometimes  called  tho  "  Lake  of 
tho  Thougiind  Islands."  The  St.  Lawrence,  with  its  tribu- 
taries, drains  an  area  estimated  at  335,515  square  miles,  of 
which  UO,OUO  are  covered  by  the  waters  of  the  five  great 
lakes.    See  Gulf  or  Saint  LAwnENCK. 

Saint  Lawrence^  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  New  Tork, 
bos  an  area  of  about  2U26  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.W.  by  tho  river  St.  Lawrence,  which  separates  it  from 
Canada,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Indian,  Urass,  Oswegat- 
ehio,  Kiickct,  and  St.  Kegis  Kivers,  which  are  affluents  of 
■the  first-named  river.  The  surface  is  moderately  hilly, 
except  a  level  tract  which  extends  along  tho  St.  Lawrence 
Kiver  and  is  about  10  miles  wide.  A  large  portion  of  the 
county  is  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  sugnr-maple,  oak, 
beech,  birch,  elm,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  mostly  fer- 
tile, and  adapted  to  pasturage  and  dairies.  Butter,  hay, 
oats,  potatoes,  cattle,  wheat,  maple  sugar,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  The  annual  production  of  hay  and  butter 
in  this  county  is  very  large,  sometimes  exceeding  that  of 
any  other  county  of  the  state.  Lumber  is  one  of  the  chief 
articles  of  export.  Among  the  minerals  are  granite,  iron 
ore,  lead,  limestone,  and  Potsdam  sandstone  (Lower  Silu- 
rian), an  excellent  material  for  building.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  the  Rome, 
Watertown  <fc  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  and  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railroivd.  Capital,  Canton.  Pop.  in  1870,  84,826 ;  in  1880, 
86,997;  in  1890,  85,048. 

Saint  Lawrence,  a  post-office  of  Daviess  oo.,  Ky. 

Saint  Lawrence,  a  post-hamlet  of  Otter  Tail  co., 
Minn.,  on  Rush  Lake,  about  30  miles  N.E.  of  Fergus  Falls. 

Saint  Lawrence,  a  post-hamlet  in  St.  Lawrence  town- 
ship, Scott  CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  S.E.  bank  of  the  Minnesota 
River,  and  on  the  St.  Paul  &  Sioux  City  Railroad,  43  miles 
S.W.  of  St.  Paul.     Pop.  of  township,  327. 

Saint  Lawrence,  a  post-hamlet  in  Cape  Vincent 
township,  Jefferson  co.,  K.Y.,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of 
AVatertown. 

Saint  Lawrence,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chatham  co., 
N.C.,  50  miles  W.  of  Raleigh.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Saint  Lawrence,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cambria  co..  Pa., 
about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Altoona.     It  has  a  church.. 

Saint  Lawrence,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
Wis.,  about  33  miles  N.W.  of  Milwaukee. 

Saint  Lawrence,  a  township  of  Waupaca  co.,  Wis. 
Pop.  845. 

Saint  Lawrence,  Gulf  of.    See  Gulf  of  St.  Law- 

BKNCR. 

Saint  Lawrence  or  Clark  Island,  an  island  of 
Alaska,  in  BohringSea,  in  lat.  63°  N.,  Ion.  170°  W.  Length, 
from  E.  to  AV.,  80  miles ;  breadth,  30  miles.  Its  people  are 
Esquimaux.     Pop.  250. 

saint  Lazarc,  s^k<>  l&'zan',  a  post-village  in  Belle- 
chosso  CO.,  Quebec,  27  miles  E.  of  Quebec.  It  has  2  saw- 
mills, 3  grist-mills,  and  4  stores.     Pop.  300. 

Saint  Leger,  a  post-offico  of  Ozark  co.,  Mo. 

Saint-Leger-8ur-d'IIeune,siN-»  l§h-zhi'  sliRdcin, 
a  village  of  France,  department  of  Sao ne-et- Loire,  12  miles 
AV.N.AV.  of  Chaion-sur-Saone.     Pop.  1300. 

Saint'L^on,  sdN"  li^As»',  numerous  villages  of  France, 
the  principal  being  in  Allier,  25  miles  from  Palisse. 

Saint  Le'on,  a  post- village  of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind.,  about 
28  miles  N.AV.  of  Cincinnati,  0.     Pop.  in  1880,  254. 

Saint  L6on,silNo  U^6no',  a  post-village  in  Maskinonge 
CO.,-  Quebec,  5  miles  N.AV.  of  Riviire  du  Loup  en  Haut.  It 
'has  mineral  springs  and  several  stores,  a  saw-  and  grist-mill, 
and  2  tanneries.     Pop.  400.     See  also  Standox. 

Saint'L^onard,  sils"  li'o^nau',  a  town  of  France,  in 
llaute-Vienne,  11  miles  E.  of  Limoges.     Pop.  3464. 

Saint  Leonard,  s^nt  ItSn'ard,  a  post-village  and  parish 
in  Victoria  co..  New  Brunswick,  7  miles  from  Grand  Falls. 
Pop.  1997. 

Saint  Leonard,  sty  li'o^nan',  a  post-village  and 
parish  in  Nicolet  co.,  Quebec,  on  tho  river  Nicolet,  9  miles 
from  Acton.     It  contains  a  store  and  a  saw-mill.     P.  747. 

Saint  Leonard  Middleton,  a  town  of  England. 
See  MiDDLETOJf. 

Saint  Leonardo.    See  San  LGONAnDO. 

Saint  Leonard's,  s^nt  lin'ardz,  or  Saint  Leon- 
ard-on-Sca,  a  town  and  watering-place  of  England,  co. 
of  Sussex,  immediately  adjoining  Hastings  on  the  S.AV. 
It  has  a  handsome  church  and  the  various  appliances  of  a 
place  of  summer  resort.     Pop.  2737. 

Saint  Leonard's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calvert  co.,  Md., 
J  or  2  miles  A7.  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  about  40  miles  S. 
of  Annapolis. 


Saint  Leonard's  Forest,  England,  co.  of  Sussex, 
1i  miles  E.  of  llorshnin,  occupies  about  10,000  acres,  and 
is  an  enclosed  ])art  of  the  iincient  Andredswald,  or  Wood  of 
Anderida,  which  in  the  Roman  and  Saxon  period  occupied 
all  tho  weald  of  Sunkcx,  Siii-rey,  and  Kent. 

Saint  Leonard's  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Bagot  oo., 
Quebec,  10  miles  from  Acton.     Pop.  100. 

Saint  Lconhard,  Austria.    See  Sanct  LEOKHAnD, 

Saint-Leu,  sAn"  luh,  a  town  of  tho  island  of  Reunion, 
on  its  W.  coast,  10  miles  S.  of  Saint-Paul. 

Snint-Ijeu-Taverny,  sks"  luh  t4'v6ii*nee',  a  village 
of  France,  in  Seine-et-Oisc,  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pontuinc. 

Saint  Liboire,  s&M"  lee^bwur',  a  post-villngc  in  Bagot 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  44  j  miles  E.M.E. 
of  Montreal.     Pop.  150. 

Saint  Lib'ory  (formerly  Mud  Creek),  a  post-villago 
of  St.  Clair  co..  III.,  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Belleville.  It 
has  a  church,  a  miushine-shop,  and  1  or  2  grist-mills. 

Saint  Libory,  a  post-office  of  Howard  co.,  Neb. 

Saint  Liguori,  ekif  le^gwoVcc',  a  post-village  in 
Montcalm  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  Lac  Ouareau,  39  miles 
N.  of  Montreal.  It  has  a  church,  a  convent,  3  stores,  and 
saw-,  grist-,  and  carding-mills. 

Saint  Lin,  eds"  \i.s<>,  a  post-village  in  L'Assomption 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  L'Achigan,  and  on  tho  Montreal 
&  Laurentian  Railway,  30  miles  N.  by  AV.  of  Montreal. . 
It  has  a  church,  a  carding-mill,  saw-  and  grist-mills,  stores, 
excellent  quarries,  nnd  a  largo  trade.     Pop.  800. 

Saint-Livradc,  sA,n»  leeVr4d',  a  town  of  France,  ir 
Lot-et-Garonne,  4  miles  AV.S.AV.  of  Villeneuvc-sur-Lot. 

Saint'Ld,  sAn"  Io  (anc.  Briovera  f),  a  town  of  France, 
capital  of  the  department  of  Manche,  on  the  A'ire,  hero 
crossed  by  a  handsome  bridge,  194  miles  by  rail  AV.  by  N. 
of  Paris.  Tho  centre  part  stands  upon  a  rock,  and  throws 
out  in  different  directions  streets  which  arc  all  more  or  less 
steep.  It  has  manufactures  of  cutlery,  serge,  woollen  cloth, 
ticking,  lace,  drugget,  and  linen,  also  bleach-fields  and  dye- 
works.  Saint-Ld  is  the  seat  of  courts  of  first  resort  and 
commerce  and  a  communal  college.     Pop.  9519. 

Saint-Loub^s,  sS.n»  loo'bi',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Gironde,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  1221. 

Saint-Louis,  s!!Ln<>  loo^oe',  or  Sanct  Ludwig,  a 
town  of  Alsace,  4  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Basel,  with  large 
iron-works.     Pop.  1925. 

Saint  Louis,  s^nt  loo'is  or  loo'ee,  a  county  in  the  N.E. 
part  of  Minnesota,  has  an  area  of  about  5860  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  N.  by  Namckan  Lake  and  Naniekan  River, 
and  S.E.  by  Lake  Superior.  It  is  drained  in  the  S.  part  by 
the  St.  Louis  River,  and  by  the  Cloquet  and  other  affluents 
of  the  St.  Louis.  Tho  surface  is  diversified  by  rugged 
ranges  of  sterile  hills  and  several  lakes,  tho  largest  of  which 
is  Vermilion  Lake  in  the  N.  central  part.  Extensive  forests 
of  pine  and  other  trees  cover  a  large  part  of  the  area. 
Lumber  is  one  of  the  chief  articles  of  export.  This  county 
is  entered  by  six  railroads,  centring  at  Duluth,  the  capital. 
Pop.  in  1870,  4561 ;  in  1880,  4504;  in  1890,  44,862. 

Saint  Louis,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Missouri,  has 
an  area  of  about  492  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  N.  and  N.W.  by 
the  Missouri  River,  which  enters  the  former  at  the  N.E. 
extremity  of  the  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Marameo 
River,  which  also  forms  part  of  the  southern  boundary. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  moderately  hilly,  and  a  large 
part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  In- 
dian corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  butter,  potatoes,  and  pork  are 
the  stiiple  products.  Trenton  limestone  crops  out  in  this 
county,  which  has  extensive  quarries  of  carboniferous  lime- 
stone and  mines  of  bituminous  coal.  Its  annual  product 
of  coal  is  very  large.  Among  its  minerals  is  St.  Louis 
limestone,  a  good  material  for  building.  There  are  exten- 
sive manufactures  of  flour,  clothing,  iron,  malt  liquors, 
bricks,  tobacco,  and  many  other  articles.  This  county  is 
traversed  by  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Colorado  Railroad, 
tho  St.  Louis  <fc  Suburban  Railroad,  and  the  Wabash  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Clayton.  Pop.  in  1870,351,189;  in  1880, 
exclusive  of  the  city  of  St.  Louis  (organized  as  a  separate 
municipality  in  1876),  31,888;  in  1890,  36,307. 

Saint  Louis,  a  small  post-village  of  Sierra  co.,  Cal., 
about  62  miles  N.E.  of  Marysville.  It  is  situated  high  on 
the  Sierra  Nevada.     Gold  is  found  near  this  place. 

Saint  Louis,  a  post-village  in  Bethany  township,  Gra- 
tiot CO.,  Mich.,  on  Pine  River,  and  on  the  Saginaw  A'alley 
&  St.  Louis  Railroad,  35  miles  AV.  of  East  Saginaw,  and  8 
miles  N.  of  Ithaca.  It  contains  2  banks,  an  academy,  a 
newspaper  office,  5  churches,  2  saw-mills,  2  tanneries,  a 
flour-mill,  a  foundry  with  machine-shop,  2  carriage-shops, 
and  a  mineral  spring  with  a  fine  hotel.     Pop.  (1890)  22J6. 


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f  Saint  Louis,  s?nt  loo'is  or  loo'ee  (Fr.  s&s«  loo'eo'),  the 
chief  city  of  Missouri,  the  tifth  in  population  of  the  United 
States,  and  a  port  of  delivery  of  the  district  of  New  Orleans, 
is  situated  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Mississippi,  21  miles  below 
the  mouth  of  the  Missouri,  and  by  rail  696  miles  N.  of  New 
Orleans,  1 1 08  miles  W.S.W.  of  New  York,  and  2434  miles  E. 
of  San  Francisco.  It  is  geographically  themost  central  of  the 
large  cities  of  the  United  States,  and  the  commercial  metrop- 
olis of  the  Mississippi  Valley.  Lat.  38°  37'  28"  N. ;  Ion.  1)0° 
16'  16"  W.  The  peculiarly  fortunate  location  of  St.  Louis  has 
caused  it  to  grow  in  population  with  a  rapidity  seldom  par- 
alleled, while  as  a  commercial  and  industrial  centre  it  has 
already  attained  rank  as  one  of  the  most  important  cities  of 
this  continent.  As  a  place  of  residence  it  has  an  exception- 
ally good  record  as  one  of  the  most  healthy  cities  in  the  world, 
the  deaths  within  its  bounds  being  only  21.8  to  each  thou- 
sand of  its  population  in  1887,  estimating  the  population 
at  420,000.  In  1888  the  rate  per  thousand  was  reduced  to 
20,  approximately.  As  a  business  site,  it  is  the  centre  of 
one  of  the  best  agricultural  districts  in  this  country,  for  the 
products  of  which  it  affords  the  readiest  outlet  and  which 
obtains  its  supplies  of  manufactured  and  other  commodities 
not  home-raised  from  and  through  St.  Louis.  Even  before 
the  development  of  its  vast  railroad  system,  St.  Louis  was 
recognized  as  a  centre  of  trade  on  account  of  its  admirable 
water  transportation :  the  great  Mississippi  River,  with  its 
large  tributaries,  gave  it  direct  communication  with  many 
thousands  of  miles  of  navigable  water,  the  then  only  avail- 
able channel  for  the  trade  of  a  district  embracing  nearly  a 
million  and  three-quartew  of  square  miles,  and,  though  tiie 
population  of  this  extensive  area  was  as  yet  sparse  and  its 
trade  comparatively  small,  it  was  sufficient  to  make  St. 
Louis  a  thriving,  prosperous  city.  And  the  importance  of 
its  water  facilities  is  scarcely  diminished  by  the  develop- 
ment of  its  greater  railway  facilities.  Eighteen  great 
lines  of  railroad  radiate  from  St.  Louis  as  a  centre,  and 
with  their  own  rails  and  connections  place  it  in  daily  com- 
munication with  the  Atlantic,  with  the  lakes,  with  the 
rich  grain-fields  of  the  great  Valley,  with  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  with  the  rich  gold  and  silver  regions  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  and  across  these  with  the  North  and  South 
Pacific  coast.  Among  the  railroads  of  the  St.  Louis  system 
are  the  St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco,  the  Missouri  Pacific,  the 
St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern,  the  Chicago  &  Alton, 
the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy,  the  Wabash,  the  Cleve- 
land, Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis,  the  Illinois  &  St. 
Louis,  the  Vandalia  Line,  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi,  the 
Louisville  &  Nashville,  the  St.  Louis,  Alton  &  Terre  Haute, 
the  Mobile  &  Ohio,  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  South- 
ern, the  Louisville,  Evansville  &  St.  Louis,  and  others. 
All  of  these  lines  now  use  the  same  station  (the  Union 
Depot)  for  passengers,  while  for  freight  several  terminal 
lines  used  more  or  less  in  common  afford  excellent  facili- 
ties for  handling  traffic.  The  amount  of  trade  by  river 
and  rail,  as  well  as  the  increase  at  different  periods,  is 
shown  by  the  following  figures: 

1874.  1878.  1886.  1888. 

Receipts,    Tons 3,879,793     4,518,072      7,497,093      8,594,163 

Shipmeuts,   "   1,845,351      2,587,882     4,071,308     4,861,597 

As  an  evidence  of  the  steady  increase  of  the  business  of 
the  city,  it  may  be  noted  that  the  receipts  of  coal,  which 
in  1883  amounted  to  50,687,225  bushels,  were  in  1888  67,- 
676,875  bushels.  The  amount  of  cotton  received  during  the 
year  1883-84  was  297,122  bales,  and  for  the  year  1887-88, 
620,292  bales.  The  amount  of  flour  manufactured  in  1886 
was  1,807,956  barrels,  and  in  1888,  2,016,619  barrels.  The 
receipts  of  grain,  which  in  1886  amounted  to  39,100,923 
bushels,  were,  in  1888,  47,202,842  bushels.  The  quantity  of 
beer  manufactured,  which  in  1877  was  471,232  barrels,  had 
in  1888  increased  to  1,482,883  barrels.  One  of  the  leading 
industries  of  St.  Louis,  and  one  in  which  she  is  claimed  to 
excel  any  other  city  in  the  world,  is  the  manufacture  of 
smoking  and  chewing  tobacco.  From  a  product  in  1872 
of  some  5,000,000  pounds  her  output  has  steadily  increased 
until  in  1888  it  reached  the  enormous  amount  of  38,616,639 
pounds, — about  one-fifth  of  the  entire  product  of  the  United 
States.  The  shipments  of  the  hog  product,  which  in  1885 
were  188,446,640  pounds,  were,  in  1888,  246,238,457  pounds. 

Its  manufactures  include  a  great  variety  of  classes  and 
kindsof  articles,  occupying  upwards  of  7000  establishments, 
from  the  small  shop,  where  the  proprietor  is  the  sole  work- 
man, to  extensive  concerns  employing  hundreds  of  hands. 
Prominent  among  these  industries  are  the  manufacture  of 
clay-products,  such  as  bricks  (for  which  St.  Louis  is  cele- 
brated), of  which  two  concerns  alone  have  an  annual  output 
of  90,000,000,  giving  employment  to  775  men;  the  manu-, 


facture  of  plate-glass,  which  is  produced  annually  to  the 
value  of  $500,000;  the  making  of  chairs,  of  which  there 
is  an  annual  product  valued  at  $1,000,000,  employing  1000 
men;  the  building  of  carriages,  of  which  about  $2,000,000 
worth  are  produced  annually;  saddle-making,  in  which 
there  is  a  capital  of  about  $4,000,000  invested,  giving  em- 
ployment to  1600  men  and  producing  goods  to  the  annual 
value  of  about  $10,000,000 ;  the  manufacture  of  agricul- 
tural implements,  in  which,  besides  many  minor  shops,  two 
concerns  have  an  investment  of  $700,000,  employ  600  hands, 
and  produce  goods  annually  of  the  value  of  $2,500,000; 
the  manufacture  of  flour,  beer,  and  tobacco,  as  stated  above ; 
the  production  of  railroad  supplies,  in  which  two  concerns 
have  a  capital  of  $650,000  invested,  employ  900  men,  and 
produce  goods  valued  at  about  $3,000,000  annually;  stove- 
making,  in  which  three  concerns  have  invested  $1,250,000, 
employ  over  1000  men,  and  make  an  output  valued  at  over 
$2,000,000;  the  manufacture  of  iron  goods,  boots  and  shoes, 
white  lead,  linseed  oil,  cotton-seed  oil,  clothing,  tobacco, 
&c.  According  to  the  census  of  1890,  the  aggregate  cap- 
ital invested  in  all  reported  industries  of  the  city  was 
$140,775,392,  and  the  total  value  of  the  product  $228,- 
714,317.  The  site  of  St.  Louis  is  mostly  elevated,  and 
consists  of  three  terraces,  the  first  rising  gradually  for 
about  a  mile  to  Seventeenth  street,  where  the  height  is 
about  150  feet;  after  a  slight  declension,  the  ground  again 
rises  to  Twenty-Fifth  street,  when  it  falls  a  little,  then 
rises  in  a  third  terrace  to  C6te  Brillante,  4  miles  from  the 
river's  edge,  where  it  spreads  out  into  a  handsome  plain. 
The  total  area  of  the  city  is  62i  miles,  with  a  river-front 
of  18i  miles,  about  3  miles  of  which  is  well  wharfed  and 
skirted  with  a  paved  and  macadamized  roadway.  The  city 
has  nearly  400  miles  of  macadamized  and  paved  streets  and 
alleys.  The  public  schools  of  St.  Louis  are  deservedly  ac- 
corded a  high  rank  for  efficiency,  and  it  has  many  excel- 
lent private  and  parochial  schools,  besides  two  well-endowed 
universities,  several  good  libraries,  <fec. 

Among  the  notable  buildings  are  the  Four  Courts,  a 
structure  of  large  size,  though  smaller  than  the  county 
court-house,  which  occupies  an  entire  block  or  "square;" 
the  former  is  said  to  have  cost  $1,000,000,  and  is  a  hand- 
some building,  accommodating  the  criminal  courts,  besides 
including  the  headquarters  of  the  police  and  a  jail.  The 
court-house,  which  cost  $1,200,000,  is  a  substantial  edifice 
of  Genevieve  limestone,  with  a  fine  iron  dome,  and  com- 
prises five  court-rooms  for  the  county  courts,  a  room  for 
the  state  supreme  court,  a  room  occupied  by  an  excellent 
law -library,  and  the  offices  of  the  sheriff  and  other  county 
officials.  The  city  ball  is  a  plain  brick  building;  the  cus- 
tom-house and  post-office  are  equally  plain,  but  of  massive 
marble.  The  masonic  temple  is  an  exceedingly  handsome 
structure.  Other  notable  buildings  are  the  Mercantile 
Library,  the  Columbia  Insurance  building,  Christ  and  St. 
George's  churches  (Protestant  Episcopal),  the  Roman 
Catholic  cathedral,  the  First  and  Second  Presbyterian,  the 
Union  Methodist,  and  several  Baptist,  Lutheran,  and  other 
churches,  the  Jewish  temple,  the  buildings  of  the  St.  Louis 
and  Washington  Universities  (the  finest  of  these  being  that 
of  the  Polytechnic  School),  the  county  insane  asylum,  nu- 
merous homes  and  asylums,  hospitals,  and  reformatory  in- 
stitutions, Ac.  The  most  remarkable  structure  here,  how- 
ever, is  the  great  bridge  which  connects  East  St.  Louis 
(111.)  with  St.  Louis,  which,  with  a,  railroad  tunnel  extend- 
ing 4800  feet  under  the  city,  cost  over  $10,000,000.  St. 
Louis  has  more  than  2000  acres  enclosed  in  public  parks 
and  pleasure-grounds,  some  of  which  are  handsomely  im- 
proved ;  but  the  most  beautiful  spot  in  the  city  is  Tower 
Grove  Park,  given  to  the  city,  with  the  botanical  garden, 
by  Henry  Shaw.  It  contains  about  267  acres.  St.  Louis  has 
284  churches  of  all  denominations.  About  120  newspapers 
and  periodicals  are  published  here,  among  them  some  of 
the  best  and  most  ably  conducted  dailies  and  weeklies  of 
the  AVest.  In  1764,  Pierre  Laclede  Liguest,  with  a  few 
companions,  settled  here,  establishing  a  trading-post  for 
furs  and  peltries  ;  this  year  the  total  population  was  said 
to  be  120.  In  1803  the  cession  of  the  territory  then  known 
as  Louisiana  brought  St.  Louis  within  the  United  States, 
and  it  began  to  grow  slowly;  in  1811  the  population  was 
1400;  in  1812,  Missouri  Territory  was  organized,  in  1820 
it  was  re-arranged  as  to  boundaries  and  authorized  to  form 
a  state,  and  in  1821  was  admitted  as  a  state;  the  next  year 
its  metropolis  had  grown  sufficiently  to  be  chartered  as  a 
city.  In  1830  the  population  of  St.  Louis  was  6094;  in 
1840,  16,469;  in  1850,  77,850;  in  1860,  160,773;  and  in 
1870,  310,864.  According  to  the  official  returns  of  the 
United  States  census,  the  number  of  inhabitants  was,  in 
1880,  350,518;  in  1890,  451,770. 


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Saint  Loais,  a  poit-oflioe  of  Jofferaon  eo.,  Montana, 
about  28  oiilos  S.S.E.  of  Helena. 

Saint  LoniS)  an  island  in  th«  S.W.  part  of  tho  Stnvit 
of  Mujjollan. 

Saint  Louis,  8fnt  loo'is  (Fr.  pron.  alky  loo'oo'),  an 
Island  of  S«uegauibia,  at  the  mouth  of  tbo  Senegal,  bulong- 
ln!f  to  tho  French.     Lat.  16°  2*  N. ;  ton.  16°  31'  W. 

Saint  Lonis,  or  Andar,  fiN^dan',  a  town  on  St.  Louis 
Island,  capital  of  the  Fronoh  poMosslons  in  Senogambin, 
has  fine  public  buildings  and  miMioa  lohooU.  Pop.  15,768; 
of  the  baiiliouo,  12,0UU. 

Saiut  Lonis,  skv  loo'eo',  a  town  of  Hayti,  on  tho  S. 
•oast,  12  miles  E.N.B.  «f  Au.y  Cayos. 

Saint  Louis,  a  town  of  llayti,  on  tho  N.  coast,  G.  of 
Port  k  1*11  i.x. 

Saint-Louis, s&N>  loo^oe',  a  town,  formerly  tho  oanital, 
of  the  island  of  lUunion,  20  miles  S.S.K.  of  Saint-Puul, 
near  the  S.W.  coast. 

Saint-Louis,  a  commune  of  tho  French  island  of 
Mario-Gahinto,  in  the  West  Indies.     Pop.  .3<JO0. 

Saint  Louis,  New  Brunswick.    See  Palmerstox. 

Saint  Louis  Cross'ing,  a  post-village  of  jiartholo- 
mew  CO.,  Ind.,  on  Flat  Rock  Creek,  and  on  tho  railroad  which 
connects  Columbus  with  Shelbyville,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Columbus.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  and  a  manu- 
factory of  bee-hives. 

Saint-Louis-dc-Blandford.    See  Blandford. 

Saint  Louis  de  Gonzasue,sdN<»  loo'ee'  d^h  g6N»'z4g' 
(formerly  Georgetown),  a  post-village  in  Beauharnois 
CO.,  Qneboc,  on  the  river  St.  Louis,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Beau- 
harnois. It  has  a  church,  a  convent,  a  saw-mill,  a  grist- 
mill, and  5  or  6  stores.     Pop.  700. 

Saint  Louis  de  Mantawa.    See  Saixt  Zexox. 

Saint  Lonis  Land'ing,post-ofiBco,  Phillips  co..  Ark. 

Saint  Louis  River  rises  in  St.  Louis  co.,  Minn.,  and 
Is  the  outlet  of  numerous  small  lakes.  It  runs  southward 
and  southeastward,  intersects  Carlton  co.,  and  enters  the  W. 
extremity  of  Lake  Superior  about  8  miles  S.W.  of  Duluth. 
Its  length  is  estimated  at  220  miles.  Its  navigation  is  ob- 
structed by  rapids  or  falls. 

Saint  Louisville,  s^nt  loo'is- vTl,  a  post-village  in 
Licking  co.,  0.,  in  Newton  township,  on  the  Sandusky, 
Mansfield  <t  Newark  Railroad,  at  Louisville  Station,  9  miles 
N.  of  Newark.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  300. 

Saint-Loup,  s4s»  loo,  a  village  of  France,  in  Ilaute- 
Saone,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Lure.     Pop.  2785. 

Saint  Luc,  Quebec.    See  Viscennes. 

Saint  Lu'cas,  a  hamlet  in  Auburn  township,  Fayette 
CO.,  Iowa,  about  10  miles  N.W.  of  West  Union.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  grist-mill.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Old 
Mission,  which  is  on  or  near  the  line  of  Winneshiek  co. 

Saint  Luce,  a  post-village  in  Rimouski  co.,  Quebec, 
on  the  S.  shore  of  tho  St.  Lawrence,  75  milos  below  llivitire 
du  Loup  en  Bas. 

Saint  Lucia,  8?nt  loo-see'a,  often  pronounced  8?nt 
loo-zee'  (Fr.  Sainte-Lucie,  siNt  lii^see'),  one  of  the  British 
AVest  India  Islands,  in  the  Windward  group,  21  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  St.  Vincent.  Lat.  (N.  point)  14°  6'  N. ;  Ion.  60° 
67'  W.  Greatest  length,  from  N.  to  S.,  27  miles ;  greatest 
breadth,  14  miles.  Area,  248  square  miles.  It  has  a  rugged 
and  mountainous  surface.  Many  of  the  heights  assume 
fantastic  shapes,  and  several  of  them  have  been  at  no 
very  remote  period  active  craters.  In  one  of  them,  called 
Soufrifire,  volcanic  agency  is  still  attested  by  tho  sulphurous 
vapors  rising  from  it.  The  greater  part  of  the  island  is  cov- 
ered with  dense  forests;  but  the  valleys  and  lower  heights 
are  well  cultivated  and  remarkably  productive.  St.  Lucia 
had  the  reputation  of  being  the  most  insalubrious  of  all  the 
West  India  Islamis,  but  in  this  respect  it  has  greatly  im- 
proved. The  island  is  infested  with  a  venomous  serpent 
called  "the  nit-tail."  Staple  products,  sugar,  molasses, 
rum,  and  cacao.  Coffee  was  formerly  one  of  the  staples. 
Native  sulphur  is  very  abundant.  The  moral  condition  of 
the  inhabitants  is  low.  The  island  has  a  local  government, 
but  forms  part  of  the  colony  of  Windward  Islands.  The 
chief  towns  are  Castries  (the  capital),  Soufriore  (which 
see),  and  Vieuxfort,  on  the  S.  coast.     Pop.  31,610. 

Saint  Lncie,  s^nt  loo-see',  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Brevard  co.,  Fla.,  on  the  Indian  River,  near  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  about  250  miles  S.  of  Jacksonville.  It  is  a  place  of 
winter  resort,  and  has  a  hotel. 

Saint- Lunaire,  sAn"  lii^nin',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Ille-et  V'ilainc,  on  the  English  Channel,  4  miles  W.  of  Saint- 
Jlalo.     Pop^l201. 

Saint  ^laartensdyke,  sSnt  man't^ns-dik^,  a  village 
»f  the  Netherlands,  on  tho  island  of  Tholen. 

Saiut-Macaire,  sdiio  mi'kdn',  a  town  of  France,  in 


Qirondc,  on  the  (laronne,  9  miles  W.  of  La  R6ole.     It  boa 
a  fine  mediieviil  church.     Pop.  2252. 

Saint-Macairc,  a  village  of  France,  in  Maine-et- 
Loire,  nrrondiKHciiient  of  Beuupr6aa.     Pop.  1291. 

Saint  Mnii'dalun,  a  post-office  of  Ripley  co.,  Ind.,  18 
miles  N.  of  MadiHon.     Hero  is  a  church. 

Saint- Maixent,  kAn"  mix^bv'  (L.  Afarentif>j,oll»  I'in. 
toniim),  a  town  of  Franoo,  in  Deux-Sfcvres,  13  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Niort.  It  has  5  tannericf,  and  manufactures  of  hati, 
serge,  hosiery,  woollen  gcwxla,  .tc.     Pop.  4259. 

Saint  Malachie,  siy  m&'l&'kce',  or  East  Framp'- 
ton,  a  post-village  in  Dorcho!<ter  co.,  Quebec,  8  miles 
N.W.  of  Stamlon.    It  has  3  stores,  and  saw-  and  grist-mills. 

Saint  Malachie  d'Ormstown.    See  Ohmstowk. 

Saint-Malo,  s^nt  mi'lo  or  fkic  miMo',  a  fortified  sen- 
port  town  of  France,  department  of  Ille-et-Vilaine,  on  the 
English  Channel,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Ranee,  44  miles  by 
rail  N.N.W.  of  Rennes.  Pop.  10,061.  It  is  situated  on  a 
peninsula,  conncctetl  by  a  causeway  with  the  mainland,  niul 
is  defended  by  strong  bastioned  walls  and  a  castle.  The 
chief  buildings  are  a  cathedral,  a  bishop's  palace,  town  hall, 
communal  college,  exchange,  theatre,  chamber  of  coinmcrec, 
school  of  navigation,  and  naval  arsenal.  It  has  a  commo- 
dious and  secure  harbor,  dry  at  low  water,  but  40  feet  deep 
in  spring  tides,  and  n  large  floating-dock.  It  has  exten- 
sive rope-walks,  manufactures  of  Kshing-nets  and  hooks, 
blocks,  and  other  marine  fittings,  snuff,  and  so.ap,  an  active 
provision-trade  with  the  colonies,  a  brisk  coasting- trade,  and 
many  vessels  employed  in  the  fisheries. 

Saint  Malo,  sLv  niftMo',  a  post-village  in  Compton  co., 
Quebec,  30  miles  E.  of  Coaticook. 

Snint->Iand6,  sis"  mftN^Mi',  a  village  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Seine,  near  the  Wood  of  A'incenncs,  4  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Paris,  and  close  to  its  walls.     Pop.  7499. 

Saint  Marc,  sAn"  maitk,  a  town  of  Hayti,  on  its  W. 
coast,  44  miles  N.N.W.  of  Port  au  Prince.  It  has  distil- 
leries, and  cxi)orts  coffee  and  logwood.     Pop.  3000. 

Saint  Marc,  a  post-village  in  Verclieres  co.,  Quebec, 
on  the  river  Richelieu,  31  miles  N.E.  of  Montreal.  It  has 
a  foundry  and  several  stores.     Pop.  500. 

Saint  .Marcel,  sAn"  man-sir,  a  post-village  in  Richelieu 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  Yamaska,  18  miles  N.  of  St.  Hyacinthe. 

Saint-Mnrcellin,silN»mau*s4riaN»',atownof  France, 
in  Is6re,  nesir  the  Isiire,  32  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  trreno- 
ble.  Pop.  2839.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  planted  walks,  a 
large  central  square,  a  communal  college,  a  silk-mill,  and 
manufactures  of  cheese,  liqueurs,  and  pottery. 

Saint-Marcouf,  siy  man'koof,  two  islets  off  the  N. 
coast  of  France,  department  of  Manche,  in  the  English 
Channel,  8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cape  La  Iloguc,  and  defending 
its  roadstead. 

Saint  Mar'garet's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anne  Arundel 
CO.,  Md.,  on  Chesapeake  Bay,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Annapolis. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Saiut  Mar'garet's  Bay,  a  post-village  in  Halifax  co.,      £ 
Nova  Scotia,  on  St.  Margaret's  Bay,  22  miles  W.  of  Halifax. 
It  contains  2  stores  and  3  hotels.     Pop.  500. 

Saint   Maria  Audenkove.     See    Sainte-Maime- 

AUDENHOVE. 

Saint  Marie,  s§nt  maVec',  a  post-village  of  Jasper  co., 
III.,  in  St.  Marie  township,  on  the  Embarras  River,  about 
15  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Olncy,  and  32  miles  W.N.W.  of  Vin- 
cennes.  It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 1452. 

Saint  Marie,  township.  Green  Lake  co.,  Wis.    P.  726. 

Saint  Mark,  a  post-office  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas. 

Saint  Mark's,  a  post-village  and  shipping-port  of 
Wakulla  co.,  Fla.,  on  St.  Mark's  River,  near  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Jacksonville,  Pens.icola  & 
Mobile  Railroad,  21  miles  S.  of  Tallahassee. 

Saint  Mark's,  a  post-office  of  Meriwether  co.,  Ga.,  6 
miles  S.E.  of  Hoganville  Station. 

Saint  Mark's,  township,  Clarendon  co.,  S.C.     P.  480. 

Saint  Mark's  River,  a  small  stream  which  rises  near 
the  N.  boundary  of  Florida.  It  runs  in  a  S.S.W.  direction, 
and  enters  Appalachee  Baj'. 

Saint-Mars-d'Outill6,siLN"  man  dooHee'yi'or  doo". 
teePyi',  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Sartbe,  arron- 
dissement  of  Le  Mans.     Pop.  of  commune,  20G6. 

Saint  Mar'tin,an  island  of  England,  in  the  N.E.  part 
of  the  Seilly  group,  about  2  miles  long.     Pop.  158. 

Saint  Mar'tin  (Fr.  pron.  si.v  manHiN"'),  one  of  the 
West  India  Islands,  the  N.  part  belonging  to  the  French 
and  the  S.  to  the  Dutch,  between  Anguilln  and  St.  Barthol- 
omew. Lat.  of  Le  Marigot  (French),  18°  4'  N. ;  Ion.  53° 
10'  W.  Area,  about  30  square  miles.  The  surface  is  hilly, 
well  watered,  and  in  its  S.  part  are  some  lagoons,  from 


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which  the  Dutch  obtain  hirge  quantities  of  salt.  Of  the 
French  portion,  about  one-third  part  is  under  culture.  The 
chief  products  are  sugar  and  ruin.  Many  cattle  are  reared. 
The  S.  part  is  loss  fertile  and  wooded ;  the  principal  prod- 
ucts are  sugar,  rum,  and  salt.  The  French  and  iJutch 
made  a  settlement  on  this  island  in  1638 ;  they  were  ex- 
pelled by  the  Spaniards,  who  themselves  abandoned  it  in 
1650.  The  French  and  Dutch  subsequently  resumed  pos- 
session, and  divided  it  between  them.  Pop.  of  the  N.  or 
French  division,  3365  ;  of  the  Dutch  or  S.  division,  3101. 

Saiut  3Iartiii  (Sp.  San  Martin,  sin  uiaR-tecn'),  an 
island  off  the  W.  coast  of  Patagonia.     Lat.  50°  40'  S. 

Saint  Martin,  township,  Stearns  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  410. 

Saint  Martin,  shu"  mauH^N"',  a  post-village  in  Laval 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  Isle  .Jesus,  12  miles  W.  of  Montreal. 

Saint-Martin-d'Auxigny,  siN»  maiiHiN"'  dox^een*- 
yce',  a  town  of  Friince,  department  of  Cher,  on  the  Moulon, 
arrondissement  of  Bburges.     Pop.  of  commune,  2581, 

Saint-Martin-de-Re,sS.N»  mauHAN"'  deh  r4,atown 
of  France,  in  Charente-Infcrieure,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  La 
Rochelle,  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Re,  in  the  At- 
lantic, having  a  good  port  and  roadstead,  a,  citadel,  arsenal, 
hospital,  and  prison.     Pop.  2645. 

Saint-Martin-de-Seignaux,  sis"  manHixo'  d9h 
sin'yo',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Landes,  20  miles 
S.W.  of  Dax.     Pop.  of  commune,  2740. 

Saint-Martin -de- Valamas,  sis»  maRHilx<>'  d§h 
vd'ld^uiis',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ardeche,  17  miles  N.W. 
of  Privas.     Pop.  of  commune,  2149. 

Saint-Martin-en-Haut,  sAno  manH^N"'  6x»  ho,  a 
town  of  France,  department  of  Rh&ne,  14  miles  S.W.  of 
Lyons.     Pop.  of  commune,  2602. 

Saint-Martin-Lantosque,s^N»maiiHiN<>'lin'tosk', 
a  town  of  France,  in  Alpcs-Maritimes.     Pop.  1956. 

Saint  Mar'tin's,  a  parish  in  the  S.  part  of  Louisiana, 
is  partly  bounded  on  the  S.  by  Chetimaches  Lake,  and  on 
the  E.  by  Atchafalaya  Bayou.  It  is  also  drained  by  Bayou 
Tcehc.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  partly  cov- 
ered with  forests  of  cypress,  live-oak,  &c.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile. Cotton,  cattle,  Indian  corn,  and  sugar  are  the  staple 
products.  Area,  about  620  squaK  miles.  This  parish  com- 
pri.-es  part  of  the  great  cypress  swamp,  which  is  annually 
inundated.  Capital,  St.  Martin ville.  Pop.  in  1870,  9370; 
in  1880,  12.663;  in  1890,  14,884. 

Saiut  3Iartin's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Worcester  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Wicomico  &  Pocomoke  Railroad,  4  miles  N.W.  of 
Bei'Iin.     It  has  a  church. 

Saint  Martin's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co..  Mo., 
10  miles  S.  of  Tipton. 

Saint  Mar'tin's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  co.,  0.,  36 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy, 
and  an  Ursuline  convent. 

Saint  Martin's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Milwaukee  co.,  Wia., 
about  12  miles  S.W.  of  Milwaukee. 

Saint  Martins,  a  post-village  in  St.  John  oo.,  New 
Brunswick,  3  miles  from  Quaco.     Pop.  400. 

Saint  Mar'tin's  Keys,  islands  of  Florida,  in  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  in  lat.  28°  42'  N.,  Ion.  83°  30'  W. 

Saint  Martin's  River,  a  stream  in  the  S.E.  part  of 
Maryland,  traverses  part  of  Worcester  co.,  and  flows  into 
Sinepuxent  Bay.     It  is  navigable  for  sloops  12  miles. 

Saint  Martinville,  a  jiost-village,  capital  of  St.  Mar- 
tin parish,  La.,  on  Bayou  Teche,  at  the  terminus  of  a  branch 
railroad,  about  20  miles  by  rail  or  13  miles  direct  N.  from 
New  Iberia.  Steamboats  can  ascend  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico 
to  this  place.    It  has  a  newspaper  office.    Pop.  (1890)  1814. 

Saint  Mary,  France  and  colonies.     See  Sainte-Marie. 

Saint  Mary,  in  Italy,  Spain,  and  Portugal.  See  Santa 
Maria. 

Saint  Mary,  a  cluster  of  small  islands  in  the  Gulf  of 
St.  Lawrence,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Labrador. 

Saint  3Iary  (Port.  Santa  Maria,  sin'ti  mJ-ree'i),  the 
southernmost  of  the  Azores,  in  lat.  36°  58'  N.,  Ion.  25°  6' 
W.,  7  miles  long,  and  5  miles  broad.  It  contains  the  small 
town  of  Villa  do  Porto,  and  several  hamlets.     Pop.  7500. 

Saint  Mary,  an  island  in  Delagoa  Bay.    See  Inyack. 

Saint  Mary,  a  group  of  long  flat  isles  of  India,  between 
lat.  13°  28'  and  13°  17'  N.,  about  5  miles  from  the  shore. 

Saint  Mary,  a  small  island  of  Madagascar,  at  the  head 
of  Antongil  Bay,  on  the  N.E.  coast.     Lat.  15°  30'  S. 

Saint  Mary,  Iroquois  co.,  111.     See  Beavbrville. 

Saint  3Iary,  a  township  of  Mills  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  204. 

Saint  Mary,  a  post-office  of  Pointo  Coup6e  parish.  La., 
at  New  Roads,  6  miles  from  Bayou  Sara. 

Saint  Mary,  a  township  of  Waseca  co.,  Minn.    P.  7S3. 

Saint  Mary,  a  post-hamlet  of  Platte  co..  Neb.,  20  miles 
N.  of  Columbus. 


Saint  Mary,  a  post-office  of  Campbell  co.,  Tenn. 

Saint  Maryiebone,  England.     See  JlAnvLEBONB. 

Saint  Mary's,  the  largest  of  the  Scilly  Islands,  off  the 
coast  of  Cornwall.     Pop.  1383.     On  it  is  llughtown. 

Saint  Mary's,  a  parish  in  the  S.  part  of  Louisiana, 
borders  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Area,  about  040  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  Chetimaches  Lake, 
on  the  S.W.  by  C6te  Blanche  Bay,  and  on  the  E.  by 
Atchafalaya  Bayou.  It  is  intersected  by  the  navigable 
Bayou  Teche.  The  surfiujo  is  level,  partly  subject  to  inun- 
dation, and  extensively  covered  with  forests  and  swamps. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Molasses,  sugar,  and  Indian  corn  are 
the  staple  products.  The  cypress,  gum,  hickory,  and  live- 
oak  abound  here.  This  parish  is  traversed  by  a  branch  uf 
the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Franklin.  Pop. 
in  1870,  13,860;  in  1880,  19,891;  in  1890,  22,416. 

Saint  Mary's,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Maryland, 
has  an  area  of  about  360  square  miles.  It  is  the  most 
southern  part  of  the  division  called  the  Western  Shore,  and 
is  a  peninsula,  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Patuxent  Iliver, 
on  the  E.  by  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  wide 
estuary  of  the  Potomac  River.  Navigable  inlets  penetrate 
nearly  to  the  middle  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  i.'i 
partly  fertile.  Tobacco,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Washington  &  Potomac  Railroad.  Capital,  Leonardtown. 
Pop.  in  1870,  14,944;  in  1880,  16,934;  in  1890,  15,819.   " 

Saint  Mary's,  a  post-office  of  Huerfano  co..  Col. 

Saint  Mary's,  a  post-village  and  port  of  entry,  capital 
of  Camden  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  St.  Mary's  River,  at  its  con- 
fluence with  Cumberland  Sound,  9  miles  from  the  ocean, 
about  32  miles  S.  of  Brunswick,  and  9  miles  N.W.  of  Fer- 
nandina,  Fla.  It  has  5  churches,  a  harbor  which  admits 
large  vessels,  a  hotel,  and  2  large  saw-mills.     Pop.  702. 

Saint  Mary's,  a  post-hamlet  in  St.  Mary's  township, 
Hancock  co..  111.,  3  miles  W.  of  Colmar  Station.  It  has  a 
church.  The  township  contains  Plymouth  village,  and  has 
a  pop.  of  1650. 

Saint  Mary's,  township,  Adams  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  925. 

Saint  Mary's,  a  post-village  of  Vigo  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Indianapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Terre 
Haute.  It  has  2  churches,  and  an  academy  for  young 
ladies,  conducted  by  sisters  of  Providence. 

Saint  Mary's,  township.  Mills  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  204. 

Saint  Mary's,  a  post-otBce  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa,  about 
27  miles  S.  by  W.  of  l)es  Moines.     Here  is  a  church. 

Saint  Mary's,  a  post-village  of  Pottawatomie  co., 
Kansa.',  is  near  the  Kansas  River,  and  on  the  Kansas 
Pacific  Railroad,  23  miles  W.N.W.  of  Topeka.  Here  is  St. 
Mary's  College  (Catholic).  The  village  has  2  churches, 
a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  flour  and 
lumber,  and  near  it  coal  has  been  mined.  Pop.  in  1890, 
1174;  of  the  township,  2163. 

Saint  Mary's,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Knoxville  Branch  of  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Rail- 
road, 5  miles  W.  of  Lebanon.  It  contains  St.  Mary's  Col- 
lege (Catholic)  and  a  church.     Pop.  113. 

Saint  Mary's,  a  township  of  Perry  co.,  Mo.     P.  1940. 

Saint  Mary's,  a  post-village  of  St.  Genevieve  co..  Mo., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  72  miles  below  St.  Louis,  and  8 
miles  from  Chester,  HI.    It  has  a  church.    Pop.  (1890)  446. 

Saint  Mary's,  a  township  of  Wake  co.,  N.C.    P.  2680. 

Saint  Mary's,  a  post-village  in  St.  Mary's  township, 
Auglaize  co.,  0.,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  on  the  Miami 
Canal,  and  on  the  Lake  Erie  &  Louisville  Railroad,  22  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Lima,  and  11  miles  E.  of  Celina.  It  has  4  or  5 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  union  school,  and  a  woollen- 
factory.     Pop.  in  1890,  3000;  of  the  township,  4388. 

Saint  Mary's,  a  hamlet  in  Warwick  township,  Chester 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Reading.  It  has  a  church, 
and  mines  of  iron  ore.     Here  is  Warwick  Post-Offiee. 

Saint  Mary's,  a  post-borough  in  Benzinger  township, 
Elk  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad,  10  miles 
E.  of  Ridgway,  and  95  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lock  Hsiven.  It 
3ontains  a  priory  and  a  convent  of  Benedictine  nuns,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  2  or  3  breweries,  a  hotel,  and  sev- 
eral saw-  and  grist-mills.  Coal  is  mined  near  this  place. 
Pop.  about  2000. 

Saint  Mary's,  a  post-village  and  seaport  of  Refugio 
CO.,  Tex.,  on  Aransas  Bay,  about  50  miles  S.  of  Victoria. 
It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  an  academy,  and  an  active  trade 
in  lumber,  which  is  brought  hither  in  vessels  from  Florida, 
Louisiana,  &a.     Pop.  about  500. 

Saint  Mary's,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pleasants  co., 
W.  Va.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  20  miles  above  Marietta, 
and  22  miles  by  land  E.N.E.  of  Parkersburg.    Pop.  350. 


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Snint  Mnry  *9f  a  post-hamtot  of  Monroo  eo.,  AVIa.,  about 
83  niilc!<  K.  or  La  Cro!<80. 

Snint  Mnry's,  a  station  of  the  Union  Paciflo  Railroad, 
29  inilos  K.  of  Kawlins,  Wyoming. 

Snint  Marys,  a  town  of  Ontario,  oo.  of  Perth,  on  a 
branch  of  the  river  Thatnco,  and  on  thoOrnnd  Trunlt  Rail- 
way, »8i  miles  W.S.W.  of  Toronto,  and  22  rnilos  N.  of  Lon- 
don. It  has  churches  of  C  donoininntions,  a  bmncli  bank, 
2  newspaper  offices,  several  hotels,  a  number  of  stores,  and 
nianufiiftorics  of  iron  castings,  agricultural  implements, 
leather,  woollens,  Ac,  also  saw-,  grist-,  and  pluning-mills, 
and  limestone-qnarries.     Po]).  812U. 

Snint  Mnrys,  an  island  in  Lake  St.  Clair,  25  miles 
from  Windsor,  Ontario. 

Saint  Marys,  a  post-village  in  Kent  co.,  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  the  Uuctoucho  River,  7  miles  from  Uuctouche.  It 
has  2  churches,  b  stores,  6  saw-mills,  and  2  grist-mills. 

Saint  Marys,  a  post-town  and  port  of  entry  of  New- 
foundland, 65  miles  from  St.  John's.  It  has  a  tine  harbor 
and  a  court-house,  and  is  a  fishing-station.     Pop.  050. 

Saint  Mary's,  Lincoln  co.,  Ontario.     See  Jordan. 

Saint  Mary's  Bay,  a  post-village  in  Digby  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  St.  Mary's  Hay,  13  miles  from  Digby.    Pop.  300. 

Saint  Mary's  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Mary's  co., 
Md.,  on  St.  Mary's  River,  60  miles  S.  of  Annapolis.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  seminary  for  girls. 

Saint  Mary's  Fer'ry,  a  post-village  in  York  co.. 
New  Brunswick,  on  the  river  St.  John,  and  on  the  New 
Brunswick  Railway,  opposito  Fredoricton,  with  which  it 
is  connected  by  steam  ferry.  It  has  a  lumber-mill  and  a 
fine  church.     Pop.  150. 

Saint  Mary's  Loch  (Iok),  a  fine  lake  of  Scotland,  co. 
and  13  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Selkirk.  Length,  15  miles;  breadth, 
1  mile.    The  Yarrow  flows  from  its  E.  end. 

Saint  Mary's  River  rises  near  the  S.  border  of  the 
Okcfinokee  Swamp.  It  forms  the  boundary  between  Nassau 
CO.,  Fla.,  and  the  cos.  of  Charlton  and  Camden,  of  Georgia. 
It  runs  northward  and  eastward,  and  enters  the  Atlantic 
about  3  miles  N.  of  Fcrnandina.     Length,  175  miles. 

Saint  Mary's  River  {of  the  Maumec)  rises  in  Ohio, 
and  drains  parts  of  Auglaize  and  Mercer  cos.  in  that  state. 
It  enters  Indiana,  runs  northwestward  through  Adams  co., 
and  unites  with  the  St.  Joseph  River  at  Fort  Wayne  to 
form  the  Maumce.     It  is  about  110  miles  long. 

Saint  Mary's  Strait,  or  River,  the  outlet  of  Lake 
Superior,  forms  part  of  the  boundary  between  Ontario, 
Canada,  and  the  upper  peninsula  of  Michigan.  It  issues 
from  the  E.  end  of  the  lake,  runs  southeastward  about  60 
miles,  and  enters  Lake  Huron  by  several  channels.  It  en- 
closes or  winds  around  numerous  islands  of  considerable 
size.  Its  navigation  was  obstructed  by  rapids  at  Saut  Sainte 
Marie,  where  the  river  falls  about  20  feet  in  the  course  of 
a  mile.  A  ship-canal,  on  the  Michigan  side,  connects  the 
navigable  waters  of  this  strait. 

Saint  Ma'rysville,  a  hamlet  of  Clarke  co..  Mo.,  13 
miles  from  Canton.     It  has  a  church. 

Saint  Mathi'as,  a  post-village  in  Rouville  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  Richelieu  River,  8  miles  S.  of  St.  Uilaire  Station. 
Pop.  260. 

Saint-Mathieu,  s^y  miHe-uh',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Ilaute-Vicnne,  on  the  Tardoire,  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  lloche- 
ehouart.     Pop.  of  commune,  2360. 

Saint  Mathicu,  sdN»  miHe-uh',  a  post-village   and 

Earish  in  Rimouski  co.,  Quebec,  42  miles  below  Riviere  du 
loup  en  Bas.    Pop.  896. 

Snint-Mathurin,  sSn»  m!l'tU'riVN°',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Mainc-et- Loire,  on  the  Loire,  14  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of 
'Angers.     Pop.  of  commune,  2509. 

I  Saint  Matthew,  raath'u,  an  isl.and  of  the  Mergui 
lArchipeliigo,  British  Burmah,  off  the  W.  coast  of  the  Isth- 
mus of  Kraw.  Lat.  10°  N. ;  Ion.  93°  E.  Length,  18  miles. 
On  its  N.  side  it  h.as  a  largo  harbor. 

I  Saint  Mat'thew  Islands,  a  group  in  Behring  Sea, 
Ulaska,  consisting  of  St.  Matthew  (or  Bear  Island),  Hall, 
and  Pinnacle  Islands.  They  are  uninhabited,  Lat.  60° 
SO'N. ;  Ion.  173°  W. 

Snint  Mat'thew's,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ky., 
at  Oilman's  Station  on  the  Louisville,  Cincinnati,  and  Lex- 
ington Railroad,  3i  miles  from  Louisville. 

Saint  Matthew's,  a  township  of  Wake  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  2192. 

Saint  Matthew's,  South  Carolina.    See  Lewisville. 

Saint-Maur,  sJIn"  mSn,  a  commune  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Seine,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Sceaux,  with  a  village,  near 
the  Canal  of  Saint-Maur,  |  of  a  mile  in  length,  mostly  under 
ground,  which  shortens  by  9  miles  the  navigation  of  the 
Uarno.    Pop.  of  village,  2520 ;  of  commune,  8433. 


Saint- Maurice,  sAn"  mo'reess',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Seine,  on  the  Marnc,  4  miles  from  Paris.  It  has  iron-lbrgea 
and  nianufacture.M  of  porcelain,  chemicals,  Ac.  Pup.  4577, 
Saint-Maurice,  Savoy.  See  Bocna-SAi.NT-MAtuiicB, 
Saint  Maurice  (anc.  Agattuum  .'),  a  town  of  Swiiier- 
hind,  canton  of  Valais,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Rhone,  14 
miles  S.K.  of  the  Lake  of  Geneva,  Pop.  1866.  It  has  a 
council-house,  a  hospital,  and  an  abbey  founded  in  the 
flfth  century  and  containing  many  curiosities. 

Snint  Maurice,  s?nt  niawVcoss',  a  post-hamlet  of 
Decatur  co.,  Ind.,  44  miles  S.W.  of  Richmond.  It  bas  2 
churches. 

Saint  Maurice,  a  post-village  of  Winn  pari-sh.  La., 
on  Saline  Bayou,  80  miles  S.W.  of  Monroe.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Saint  Maurice  (Fr.  pron.  sAn"  mOVeess'),  a  river  of 
Quebec,  rises  in  a  chain  of  lakes,  lat.  48°  40'  N.,  Ion.  74° 
30'  W.,  flows  S.E.,  and  joins  the  St.  Lawrence  at  Three 
Rivers,  after  a  course  of  400  miles.  Its  principal  afiluents 
are  the  Ribbon  nnd  Vermilion  Rivers  from  the  W.,  and  the 
Windigo  and  Crochc  from  the  E.  It  expands  into  numer- 
ous lakes.  Its  banks  are  generally  high,  and  it  has  a  great 
variety  of  falls  and  cascades. 

Snint  Maurice,  a  county  of  Quebec,  bounded  on  the 
S.  by  the  expansion  of  the  St.  Lawrence  known  as  Lake  St. 
Peter,  Area,  7300  square  miles.  .  Capital,  Three  Rivers. 
Pop.  11,144. 

Saint  Maurice,  a  post-village  in  Chaniplain  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  river  St.  Maurice,  10  miles  N.  of  Three 
Rivers.  It  contains  3  saw-mills,  2  grist-mills,  and  2  stores. 
Pop.  250, 

Saiut-Maurice-de-Lignon,  si.v  mOVecss'  d^h 
leen'yftN"',  a  village  of  France,  in  llaute-Loire,  5  miles  N, 
of  Yssingeaux.     Pop.  of  commune,  2060. 

Saint-Maurice-en-Gourgois,  84.v>  m5Veess'  6n« 
gooii'gwi',  a  village  of  France,  in  Loire,  15  miles  S.S.K. 
of  Montbrison.     Pop.  of  commune,  2005. 

Saint  Maurice  Forg'es,  a  post- village  in  St.  Maurice 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  tlic  river  St.  Maurice,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Three 
Rivers.     It  contains  a  stove-foundry.     Pop.  300. 

Saint  Mawe's,  a  seaport  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Cornwall,  near  Falmouth.     Pop.  1001. 

Saint-Maximin,  silNo  mix^ee^miK"',  a  town  of  Franco, 
in  Var,  11  miles  W.N.W,  of  Brignoles,  Pop.  3150,  It  is 
enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  a  handsome  church,  and  manu- 
factures of  woollen  cloth,  brandy,  leather,  Ac.  Near  it  are 
extensive  marble-quarries. 

Saint-Medard-en-Jalle,  s^ko  mi'daa'  on"  zhlll,  a 
village  of  France,  in  Gironde,  near  the  Jalle,  8  miles  N.W. 
of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  1916. 

Saint-Meen,  siK"  mi'fiNo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ilie- 
et-Vilaine,  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Montfort.     Pop.  1734. 

Saint  Meinrad,s^nt  min'rad,  a  post- village  of  Sj)encer 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  Anderson's  Creek,  16  miles  N.  of  Troy,  and 
about  22  miles  N.  of  Cannellton.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  an  organ -factory.  Here  are  St.  Meinrad's  College 
(Catholic)  and  a  Benedictine  abbey.  Pop.  about  300. 
Saint  Michael,  in  Franco.  See  Saint-Michel. 
Saint  Michael,  South  America.  See  San  Miguel. 
Snint  Michael,  s?ntini'kA-?l  or  ml'k§l  (Port.  Sao  Mi- 
guel, sCwNo  me-gh6l'),  the  largest  of  the  Azores,  in  the  Atlan- 
tic Ocean.  Lat.  37°  44'  N.;  Ion.  25°  30'  W.  Length,  from 
E.  to  W.,  50  miles.  Area,  350  square  miles.  Pop.  105,404. 
The  surface  is  mountainous,  the  soil  is  volcanic,  and  the 
island  has  often  suffered  from  earthquakes.  It  contains 
many  mineral  springs  and  several  lakes.  Leading  products 
are  maize,  wheat,  beans,  oranges,  grapes,  and  wine.  The 
manufactures  are  confined  to  druggets  and  coarse  pottery  ; 
articles  of  clothing  are  mostly  imported.  'The  coast  is 
studded  with  towns  and  villages. 

Saint  Michael,  a  town  of  Finland,  capital  of  the 
laen  of  St.  Michael,  80  miles  S.  of  Kuopio.     Pop.  1264, 

Saint  Michael,  a  province  or  laen  of  Finland,  in  the 
S.E.     Area,  8S18  square  miles,  of  which  a  large  part  is 
occupied  by  lakes.     Capital,  St.  Michael.     Pop.  160,694. 
Saint  Michael,  Quebec.     See  Athelsta.v, 
Saint  Michael's,  s^nt  mi'k^ls,  a  post-village  of  Tal- 
bot CO.,  Md.,  on  a  peninsula,  and  on  a  navigable  inlet  of 
Chesapeake  Bay,  about  22  miles  S.E.  of  Annapolis,  and 
12  miles  W.  of  Easton,     It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  high 
school,   a  brick-yard,  a  saw-mill,   and  4  churches.     Pop. 
1095.    Here  are  many  vessels  engaged  in  the  oystcr-tr.ade. 
Snint  Michael 's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wright  co.,  Minn., 
about  28  miles  N.W.  of  Minneapolis,  and  1  mile  N.  of  the 
Crow  River.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Saint  Michael's,  township,  Madison  co..  Mo.  P.  1325. 
Saint  Michael's,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co..  Wis. 


SAI 


2357 


SAI 


Saint  Michael's  Bay,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Labrador. 
Lat.  52°  56'  N. ;  Ion.  55°  30'  W, 

Saint  3Iichacl's  Mount,  a  granite  rock  in  Mount's 
Bay,  CO.  of  Cornwall,  England,  5  of  a  mile  S.  of  Marazion. 
Lat.  50°  7'  N. ;  Ion.  6°  28'  W.  It  rises  in  a  pyramidal 
form,  and  is  surmounted  by  a  chapel  founded  in  the  fifth 
oontury.  On  it  a  priory  was  founded  by  Edward  the  Con- 
fessor, and  it  was  once  a  fortified  post  of  importance. 
Pop.  of  the  village,  127.     See  also  Mont-Saixt-Michel. 

Saint  fliichael's  River,  of  Talbot  co.,  Md.,  flows 
first  S.S.W.,  and  then,  curving,  takes  a  N.  course  to  Ches- 
apeake Bay  nearly  opposite  the  S.  end  of  Kent  Island. 

Saint-Michel,  saN°  mee^sh^l',  a  town  of  Savoy,  7  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Saint-Jcan-de-Maurienne,  on  the  Arc.     P.  1266. 

Saint  Michel,  sis»  mce'shfil',  a  post-village  of  Quebec, 
capital  of  the  co.  of  IJellechasse,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  St. 
Lawrence,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  16  miles  be- 
low Quebec.  It  contains  the  county  buildings,  a  church, 
convent,  college,  tannery,  saw-mill,  and  several  stores,  and 
has  a  large  lumber-trade.     Pop.  700. 

Saint  Michel  Archange.    See  La  Pigeoxxikre. 

Saint  Michel  des  Saints,  siic  mee'shdl'  di,  siN»,  a 
post-village  in  Bcrthier  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Mantawa,  60 
miles  N.  of  JoHette.    It  has  saw-  and  grist-mills.  Pop.  100. 

Saint-Michel-en-l'Herm,saN<'mec*sh6l'6.N=  iSum, 
a  village  of  France,  in  Vendee,  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Fon- 
tenay-le-Comto,  with  a  port.     Pop.  2640. 

Saint-Miliiel,  s^no  mee^e-Sl',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Meuse,  on  the  Meuse  River,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Com- 
meroy.  Pop.  5146.  It  was  formerly  enclosed  by  walls  and 
defended  by  a  castle.  It  has  several  old  churches,  a  com- 
munal college,  a  copper-foundry,  and  manufactures  of 
hosiery,  lace,  and  leather. 

Saint  Modeste,  sA,n"  mo'd^st',  a  post-village  and  par- 
ish in  Temiscouata  co.,  Quebec,  9  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Cacouna. 

Saint  Moritz,  mo'rits,  or  Sanct  Moritz,  sinkt 
mo'rits  (Romansch,  .^au  3/iirc2zaH)>  '>'  village  of  Switzer- 
land, with  celebrated  mineral  baths,  in  the  Upper  Engadine, 
28  miles  S.E.  of  Chur. 

Saint  Mor'gan,  a  hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  III.,  about 
20  miles  N.E.  of  Belleville. 

Saint  Narcisse,  si.v  naii'seess',  a  post-village  in 
Champlain  co.,  Quebec,  9  miles  W.  of  Batiscan.  It  has  a 
church,  2  stores,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Saint  Na'than's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oconto  co.,  Wis.,  6 
miles  W.  of  Little  Suamico.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Saint-Nazairc,  siN»  ni^zAii',  a  town  and  seaport  of 
France,  in  Loire-Inferieure,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Loire,  on  its 
N.  side,  37  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Nantes.  It  has  a  large  and 
commodious  harbor,  a  custom-house,  and  a  valuable  fishery. 
It  is  the  starting-point  of  packets  which  cross  the  ocean  to 
Mexico  and  the  West  Indies.     Pop.  14,761. 

Saint-Nazairc,  a  village  of  Franco,  in  Var,  6  miles 
W.  of  Toulon.     Pop.  1537. 

Saint  Nazian,  na'zo-an',  a  post-hamlet  of  Manitowoc 
CO.,  Wis.,  about  15  miles  S.W.  of  the  city  of  Manitowoc. 

Saint-Nectaire,  sAn"  nd-kHin',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Puy-de-Dome,  18  miles  W.  of  Issoire.  It  is  celebrated  for 
its  mineral  springs. 

Saint  Neots,  sent  nccts,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  8 
miles  S.W.  of  Huntingdon,  on  the  Groat  Northern  Railway, 
and  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Ouse,  hero  crossed  by  a  hand- 
some stone  bridge.     Pop.  of  the  parish,  3200. 

Saint  Nicholas,  England.    See  Drake's  Island. 

Saint  Nicholas,  in  Italy.     See  San  Niccoi.o. 

Saint  Nicholas,  nik'o-l.as,  or  Port  Saint  Nich- 
olas, a  harbor  on  the  N.W.  side  of  the  island  of  Zoa,  in 
the  Grecian  Archipelago,  3  miles  from  the  town  of  Zca.  It 
admits  vessels  of  the  largest  size. 

SaintNicholas  (Port.  Siio Nicolao,  sown"  ne-ko-li'o), 
one  of  the  Capo  Verd  Islands,  situated  between  Santa  Luzia 
and  Santiago.  Lat.  16°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  24°  15'  W.  Length, 
30  miles ;  breadth,  13  miles.  The  surface  is  mountainous. 
Area,  115  square  miles.  Pop.  6000.  It  has  a  harbor  on 
its  S.  side,  near  which  is  a  small  town,  the  residence  of  a 
governor  and  a  bishop. 

Saint  Nicholas,  sent  nik'o-las,  a  post-hamlet  of  Du- 
val CO.,  Flo.,  on  the  St.  John's  River,  2  miles  from  Jackson- 
ville.    It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  and  orange-groves. 

Saint  Nicholas,  a  post-office  of  Stearns  co.,  Minn. 

Saint  Nicholas,  .a  village  in  Barr  township,  Cambria 
CO.,  Pa.,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ebcnsburg.  It  has  a  church 
and  several  lumber-mills.     Here  is  Nicktown  Post-Office. 

Saint  Nicholas,  a  post-village  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa., 
In  Mahanoy  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Philadelphia  & 
Reading  Railroad,  2  miles  S.AV.  of  Mahanoy  City.  It  has 
a  church,  a  coal-mine,  and  several  coal-breakers. 


Saint  Nicholas,  nik'o-las,  a  post-village  in  Levis  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  St,  Lawrence,  15  miles  above 
Quebec.     It  contains  saw-  and  grist-mills  and  6  stores. 

Saint  Nicholas  Channel,  on  the  N.  side  of  Cubiv, 
60  miles  in  length  by  33  miles  in  breadth. 

Saint  Nicholas  Harbor,  Quebec,  on  the  N.  side  of 
the  St.  Lawrence  estuary,  in  lat.  49°  18'  N.,  Ion.  67°  40'  \Y. 

Saint  Nicholas  Point,  the  N.W.  extremity  of  the 
island  of  Java,  on  the  Strait  of  Sunda,  in  lat.  5°  52'  S., 
Ion.  106°  2'  E. 

Saint-Nic'olas  (Fr.  pron.  s&n"  nee'ko^li')  or  Nico- 
laas,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanders,  20  miles  by  rail 
E.N.E.  of  Ghent.  Pop.  25,165.  It  has  a  fine  town  hall,  a 
church  with  good  paintings,  a  hospital,  several  orphan 
asylums,  a  prison,  a  large  market-place,  a  tribunal  of  com- 
merce, Latin  and  other  public  schools,  manufactures  of 
cotton,  woollen,  and  silk  fabrics,  hosiery,  hats,  soap,  leather, 
and  tobacco,  dye-houses,  salt-refineries,  breweries,  and  pot- 
teries, a  large  market  for  flax,  and  a  large  annual  fair.       > 

Saint-Nicolas,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  3 
miles  W.  of  Liege.     Pop.  of  commune,  3066. 

Saint  Nicolas,  a  headland  and  village  of  Ilayti,  on 
the  N.W.  side  of  the  island. 

Saint-NicoIas-du-Port,  s5,n»  nee^koMi'  dli  poR,  a 
town  of  France,  in  Meurthe-et-Moselle,  7  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Nancy,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Meurthe.     Pop.  4109. 

Saint  Ninians,  nin'e-ans  (commonly  called  Saint 
Rin'gans),  a  parish  of  Scotland,  co.  and  2  miles  S.  of 
Stirling.  It  contains  the  villages  of  St.  Ninians  and  Ban- 
nockburn,  which  have  manufactures  of  carpets,  tartans, 
leather,  nails,  <tc.,  and  coal-mines.     Total  pop.  10,146. 

Saint  Norbert,  saN"  nou'baiu',  a  post-village  in  Ber- 
thier  co.,  Quebec,  54  miles  N.  of  Montreal.     Pop.  200. 

Saint  Norbert,  Quebec.    See  East  Arthabaska. 

Saint  O'la,  a  post-village  in  Hastings  co,,  Ontario,  60 
miles  back  of  Belleville.     Pop.  100, 

Saint  Olaf,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  in 
AVagncr  township,  on  the  Iowa  Eastern  Railroad,  9  mileg 
S.W.  of  Beulah,  and  about  54  miles  N.W.  of  Dubuque.  It 
has  !j  church. 

Saint  Olaf  (or  Oloff),  a  township  of  Otter  Tail  co., 
Minn.,  with  a  post-hamlet  (Saint  Oloflf)  15  miles  S.E.  of 
Fergus  Falls.     Pop.  681. 

Saint-O'mer  (Fr.  pron.  s&ut  o'maiR';  L.  Fa'niim 
Audomari),  a  fortified  town  of  France,  in  Pas-de-Calais,  on 
the  Aa,  at  the  mouth  of  the  canal  of  Neuf-Fossce,  22  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Calais.  Pop.  21,404.  It  is  surrounded  by 
irregular  fortifications.  It  has  a  tribunal  of  commerce,  a 
lyc6e,  a  public  library,  a  fine  mediajval  cathedral,  with  the 
tomb  of  its  founder,  St.  Omer,  tanneries,  foundries,  and 
manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  brushes,  hats,  embroidery, 
soap,  pipes,  oil,  pottery,  Ac.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  noted 
priests' seminary.  During  the  first  revolution  it  was  called 
MoRiN  LA  Montagne  (mo^r^N"'  lA  m^NoHin'). 

Saint  O'mer,  a  post-village  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Adams  township,  near  the  railroad  which  connects  India- 
napolis with  Grcensburg,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Greensburg, 
and  1  mile  E.  of  St.  Paul.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  169. 

Saint  Onezimc,  s3,Nt  o'ni'zeem',  a  post-village  in 
Kamouraska  co.,  Quebec,  6  miles  E.  of  Sto.  Anne  de  la  Po- 
catiere.     Pop.  200. 

Saintonge,  sd.N«H6Nzh',  an  old  province  of  France,  in 
the  W.  It  now  forms  the  greater  portion  of  the  department 
of  Charente-Inferieure,  and  parts  of  those  of  Charente  and 
Deux-Sevres.     Its  capital  was  Saintes. 

Saint-Ouen-sur-Seine,  sA.\t  w6n"  sUr  sin,  a  vil- 
lage  of  France,  4  miles  N.  of  Paris,  on  the  right  bank  of 
the  Seine,  with  a  chateau,  where  Louis  XVIII.  signed  the 
"Declaration  of  St.  Ouen,"  May  2,  1814.  It  has  forges, 
foundries,  potteries,  dyo-works,  Ac.     Pop.  11,255. 

Saint  Ours,  sixt  oou,  a  town  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Riche 
lieu,  on  the  river  Richelieu,  21  miles  N.  of  St.  Ililaire  Sta- 
tion. A  small  island  here  divides  the  river  into  two  chan- 
nels, each  dammed  for  the  improvement  of  navigation.  St. 
Ours  contains  a  church,  convent,  saw-mills,  brick-fields,  and 
8  stores,  and  has  a  large  trade.     Pop.  701. 

Saint  Pacomc,  sAn»  pd^kom',  a  post-village  in  Ka- 
mouraska co.,  Quebec,  li  miles  from  Rivitre  Quelle. 

Saint-Pal-de-Chalan^ou,  s&N°  pil  d^h  shlMiN"'- 
shv',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ilaute-Loire,  16  miles  N.N.W, 
of  Yssingeaux.     Pop.  of  commune,  2286. 

Saint-Pal-de-AIons,  s4n"  pil  d?h  m6x»,  a  village  of 
France,  in  Ilaute-Loiro,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Yssingeaux.  Pop. 
of  commune,  2054. 

Saint  Pan'cras,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Middle- 
se-t,  comprising  a  large  part  of  the  N.  division  of  the  me- 
tropolis, and  extending  northward  so  as  to  include  portions 


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2358 


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«f  High^te,  Onmdeii  Town,  Kentish  Town,  Somers  Town, 
Ao.  Pop.  221,465.  In  this  pnrish  are  Univoreity  Colloj^e, 
hall,  »nd  hospital,  the  smallpox  ami  fevor  hospitals,  King's 
Cross,  a  portion  of  the  Rogont's  Park  Canal,  Ac. 

Saint  Par'is,  a  post-villa;^  of  Champaign  co.,  0.,  in 
Johnson  township,  on  the  Columbus,  Chicago  &  Indiana 
Central  Railroad,  11  miles  W.  of  Urbana,  and  15  miles  E. 
of  Piqua.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  money-order  post- 
office,  a  banking-house,  5  churches,  a  distillery,  2  carnage- 
■hops,  and  2  planinj;-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  1145. 

naint  Paschal,  sdN»  pLVkil',  a  post-villago  in  Ka- 
nouraska  oo.,  Quebec,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  102 
miles  below  Quebec.     Pop.  700. 

Saint  Pat'rick,  a  post-office  of  Scott  oo.,  Minn. 

Saint  Patrick,  a  post-office  of  Clarke  co..  Mo. 

Saint  Patrick  de  Sherrington.  ScoSheriunotos. 

Saint  Patrick's,  post-office,  St.  James  parish.  La. 

Saint  Pat'rick's  Chan'nel,  a  post-hamlet  in  Vic- 
toria CO.,  Nora  Scotia,  on  a  channel  of  the  same  name  in 
Bras  d'Or  Lake,  47  miles  from  Port  Hastings.     Pop.  150. 

Saint  Patrick's  Hill,  or  Tingwick,apost-villago 
In  Arthabaska  co.,  Quebec,  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Danville. 

Saint  Paul,  a  river  of  Liberia,  .after  a  S.W.  course 
of  probiibly  300  miles,  enters  the  Atlantic  N.  of  Monrovia. 

Saint  Panl,  a  city  of  Brazil.     See  Sao  Paulo. 

Saint  Paul,  an  islet  in  the  S.  part  of  the  Indian 
Ocean,  in  lat.  38°  43'  8.,  Ion.  77°  38'  E. 

Saint  Paul,  an  island  of  the  Low  Archipelago,  in  lat. 
19°  36'  S.,  Ion.  14°  5'  W. 

Saint  Paul,  an  island  in  Behring  Sea,  in  lat.  57°  N. 

Saint-Paul  (Fr.  pron.  sAn"  pol),  a  town  of  the  island 
of  Reunion,  19  miles  S.W.  of  Saint-Denis.  Pop.  25,000. 
This  was  the  first  French  establishment  on  the  island.  It 
has  a  free  port,  a  college,  and  hospitals. 

Saint  Paul  (Fr.  pron.  silN«  pSI),  a  small  island  ir.  the 
Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  8  miles  N.B.  of  the  northern  ex- 
tremity of  Cape  Breton.  It  has  2  fixed  lights.  Lat.  47° 
14'  N. ;  Ion.  6G°  9'  W. 

Saint  Paul,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co..  Ark.,  about 
64  miles  N.E.  of  Fort  Smith.     It  has  several  churches. 

Saint  Paul,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  III. 

Saint  Paul,  a  post-village  in  Adams  township,  Deca- 
tur CO.,  InJ.,  on  Flat  Rock  Creek,  and  on  the  Indianapolis, 
Cincinnati  &  Lafayette  Railroad,  37  miles  S.E.  of  Indianap- 
olis. It  has  a  money-order  post-office,  3  churches,  a  graded 
jchool,  a  woollen-mill,  a  steam  flour-mill,  and  large  lime- 
Bionc-quarrics.     Pop.  about  700. 

Saint  Paul,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa,  about  30 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Keokuk.     It  has  a  church. 

Saint  Paul,  a  city  and  port  of  entry,  the  capital  of 
Minnesota,  and  the  seat  of  justice  for  Ramsey  co.,  is  situ- 
ated on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  2100  miles  from  its 
mouth,  10  miles  E.  of  Minneapolis,  and  409  miles  by  rail 
W.N.W.  of  Chicago.  Lat.  44°  52'  46"  N. ;  Ion.  93°  5'  W. 
It  is  the  second  city  of  the  state  in  population,  and  is  the 
bead  of  navigation  for  steamboats.  The  greater  part  of 
the  city  is  built  on  a  plateau,  or  terrace,  which  is  70  feet 
higher  than  the  river  and  is  partly  surrounded  by  an  am- 
phitheatre of  hills.  St.  Paul  contains  a  state-house,  a  city 
hall,  a  fine  granite  building  erected  by  the  United  States 
for  the  custom-house  and  post-office,  138  churches  repre- 
senting many  denominations,  a  number  of  theatres,  public 
libraries,  and  national  banks,  the  state  reform  school,  an 
academy  of  natural  sciences,  a  high  school,  and  several 
academies,  orphan  asylums,  and  hospitals.  Five  daily  and 
25  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  St>  Paul  is  sup- 
plied with  good  water  derived  from  a  fine  lake  lying  3 
miles  from  the  city.  It  is  a  terminus  of  two  branches  of 
the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  and  of  three 
divisions  of  the  Great  Northern  Railroad.  Entering  the 
city  are  also  railroads  named  the  St.  Paul  &  Duluth,  the 
Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  &  Omaha,  the  Chicago  & 
Northwestern,  the  Wisconsin  Central,  and  others.  The 
average  duration  of  the  season  of  navigation  is  about  7 
months.  St.  Paul  has  an  excellent  public-school  system, 
embracing  a  fine  high  school  and  about  45  other  school- 
buildings.  About  470  teachers  are  employed,  under  a 
superintendent  and  board  of  education.  The  pupils  num- 
ber nearly  20,000.  The  city  has  manufactures  of  ma- 
chinerj',  farming-implements,  furniture,  carriages,  boots, 
shoes,  sash,  blinds,  Ac,  with  an  invested  capital,  in  1 890, 
as  given  in  the  census,  of  $21,438,588,  and  a  product  valued 
at  $31,068,200.  Here  are  quarries  of  fine  limestone.  A 
bridge  over  the  river  connects  the  city  proper  with  West  St. 
Paul,  a  suburb  which  was  ceded  to  St.  Paul  in  1874.  Pop. 
in  1860,  10,401;  in  1870,  20,030;  in  1875,  36,383;  in  1880, 
41,473;  in  1890,  133,156. 


Saint  Panl,  a  post-office  of  St.  Charles  co..  Mo. 

Saint  Paul,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Louis  oo..  Mo.,  on  the 
Maramcc  River  and  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  24  miloj 
W.  of  St.  Louis.     Pop.  100.     Here  is  Sherman  Post-Offico. 

Saint  Paul,  a  post-village,,  capital  of  Howard  co., 
Neb.,  on  the  Loup  Fork,  22  miles  by  railroad  N.  of  Grand 
Island.  It  has  a  money-order  post-office,  and  3  newspaper 
offices.     Pop.  in  1880,  482  ;  in  1890,  1263. 

Saint  Paul,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Oregon,  on 
or  near  the  Willamette  River,  about  20  miles  N.  of  Sulem. 

Saint  Panl,  a  post-office  of  Collin  co.,  Tex. 

Saint  Paul,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Ya.,  35  miles 
S.  of  Max  Meadows  Station. 

Saint-Paul-dc-Fenonillct,  sftw  pol  d?h  f^h- 
noo'yi',  a  village  of  France,  in  Pyr6n6es-Oricntalcs,  on  the 
Agly,  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pradcs.     Pop.  2223. 

Saint-Panl-de-Jarrat,  sis"  pol  d^h  zhanMtd',  a 
village  of  France,  in  Ariege,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Foix. 

Saint  Paul  de  Loan'da  (Port.  Sdu  Paulo  de  Loan- 
da,  sOwN»  pSw'lo  dd,  lo-4n'd&),  a  city,  capital  of  the  Portu- 
guese province  of  Angola,  in  AVest  Africa.  Lat.  8°  48'  1" 
S.;  Ion.  13°  13'  E.  It  is  defended  seaward  by  three  forts, 
and  has  a  large  and  secure  harbor,  sheltered  by  the  island 
of  Loanda.  Its  better  portion  is  built  of  stone.  It  was  in 
the  seventeenth  century  celebrated  for  its  fine  churches 
and  monasteries,  now  in  ruins.  Its  market  is  well  sup- 
plied, and  it  has  an  export  trade  in  ivory,  hides,  colfee, 
rubber,  and  palm  oil.     It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  20,000. 

Saint  Paul  d'Indnstrie,  siN"  pol  di.vMiisHrce',  a 
village  in  Joliette  co.,  Quebec,  14  miles  N.  of  L'Assoniption. 

Saint  Paul  du  Buton,  sis"  pol  dii  bu*t&>-<'',  a  post- 
villago  in  Montmagny  co.,  Quebec,  17  miles  S.E.  of  St. 
Pierre  du  Sud.     Pop.  200. 

Saint-Paul-en- Jarret,  sIn"  pol  6n«  zhan'ni',  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  in  Loire,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Saint-Etiennc. 

Saint-Paulien,  sAn»  po'le-is«',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Haute- Loire,  6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Le  Puy.     Pop.  1458. 

Saint  Pau'lin  (Fr.  pron.  8.\y»  pO'lAx"'),  a  post-village 
in  Maskinonge  co.,  Quebec,  80  miles  N.N.E.  of  Montreal. 
It  has  large  flouring-  and  saw-mills.     Pop.  200. 

Saint  Paul  Junc'tion,  a  station  in  Dakota  co.,  Minn., 
on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <t  St.  Paul  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  St.  Paul  &  Sioux  City  Railroad,  9i  miles 
S.E.  of  Minneapolis. 

Saint  Paul  I'Ermite,  83,n»  pol  lain'meet',  a  post- 
village  in  L'Assomption  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  L'Assonip- 
tion, 18  miles  N.  of  Montreal.     Pop.  450. 

Saint-Paul-I6s-Dax,  f3,N»  pol  li  dix,  a  village  of 
France,  in  Landcs,  near  Dax.     Pop.  of  commune,  3061. 

Saint  Paul's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Robeson  co.,  N.C.,  in 
St.  Paul's  township,  18  miles  S.  of  Fayctteville.  It  has  3 
churches  and  1  or  2  grist-mills.    Pop.  of  the  township,  1052. 

Saint  Paul's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pickaway  co.,  0.,  4 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Ashville  Station,  and  about  16  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Columbus.     It  has  a  church. 

Saint  Paul's,  township.  Clarendon  co.,  S.C.     P.  960. 

Saint  Paul's,  a  post-village  in  Kc/nt  co.,  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  the  Buctouche  River,  20  miles  from  Buctouche. 
It  contains  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  grist-mill.     P.  500. 

Saint  Paul's,  Nova  Scotia.     See  Elmsville. 

Saint  Paul's  Bay,  in  Malta,  on  the  N.E.  coast,  6i 
miles  N.W.  of  Valetta.  Here  St.  Paul  is  supposed  to  have 
been  shipwrecked. 

Saint  Paul's  Bay,  an  outport  of  Quebec,  capital  of 
the  CO.  of  Charlevoix,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence, 
60  miles  below  Quebec.  It  has  county  buildings,  a  church, 
a  convent,  several  tanneries,  saw-  and  grist-mills,  anil  about 
20  stores.  There  are  iron-  and  pluinbiigo-mines  in  the 
vicinity.     Pop.  3623. 

Saint  Paul's  Parish,  a  township  of  Colleton  co., 
S.C.     Pop.  4656. 

Saint-Paul-Trois-Chateaux,s^s»  p5l  tnwil  .shaf- 
ts', a  village  of  France,  department  of  DrOme,  14  miles  S. 
of  Monteiimar.     Pop.  1657. 

Saint-P6,  Sc^n"  pi,  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Hautes-Pyr6n6es,  on  the  Gave  de  Pau,  15  miles  S.W.  of 
Tarbes.     Pop.  1791. 

Saint-P6,  a  village  of  France,  in  Basses-Pyri5n6es, 
10  miles  S.W.  of  Bayonne.     Pop.  of  commune,  2532. 

Saint-Peray,  eiy°  p?h-r4',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Ardfiche,  9  miles  S.  of  Tournon.     Pop.  1762. 

Saint  Peter,  France  and  colonies.     See  Saint- PiennE. 

Saint  Peter,  Hungary.     See  Szext  Petek. 

Saint  Peter,  Italy.    See  San  Pietho. 

Saint  Peter,  Portugal  and  Brazil.    See  Sao  Pedho. 

Saint  Peter,  in  Spain  and  colonies,  and  in  Spanish 
America.     See  San  Pedro. 


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2359 


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Saint  Pe'ter,  a  lake  of  Canada,  being  an  expansion  of 
the  river  St.  Lawrence,  between  lat.  46°  and  46°  8'  N.  and 
about  Ion.  7"°  W.  Length,  35  miles ;  greatest  breadth,  10 
miles.  It  receives  many  rivers,  the  largest  of  which  is  the 
St.  Francis  from  the  S.E.     In  the  S.  part  are  many  islands. 

Saint  Pe'ter,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Nicollet  co., 
Minn.,  in  Oshawa  township,  on  the  left  (W.)  bank  of  the 
Alinnesota  River,  11  miles  N.  of  Mankato,  75  miles  S.W. 
of  St.  Paul,  and  about  40  miles  W.  of  Faribault.  It  is  on 
the  St.  Paul  &  Sioux  City  Railroad  and  the  Winona  &  St. 
Peter  Railroad.  It  contains  a  court-house,  1  or  2  news- 
paper offices,  a  national  bank,  the  Gustavus  Adolphus  Col- 
lege, a  large  hotel,  a  state  hospital  for  the  insane,  which 
cost  $500,000,  8  churches,  2  grist-mills,  a  foundry,  and  a 
furniture-factory.     Pop.  in  18'80,  3436;  in  1890,  3671. 

Saint  Peter,  a  post-office  of  Cedar  co..  Neb. 

Saint  Peter,  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  one 
of  the  Natunas,  near  the  coast  of  Borneo. 

Saint  Peter-and-Paul.    See  Petropaulovski. 

Saint-Peter-le-Port  (Fr.  Saint-Pierre-Port  or 
Saiiit-Pierre-le-Port,  sas"  pe-aia'  l^h  poit),  the  capital 
town  of  the  island  of  Guernsey,  on  its  E.  side,  in  lat.  49°  27' 
2"  N.,  Ion.  2°  32'  W.  Pop.  16,166.  Its  lower  part  has 
narrow  streets  and  very  lofty  houses;  its  upper  quarter, 
Hauteville,  is  well  built  and  handsome.  The  principal 
buildings  are  the  government  house,  the  court-house,  the 
town  hospital,  assembly-rooms,  a  theatre,  and  a  very  ex- 
cellent fish-market.  The  harbor  is  enclosed  by  piers,  aud 
defended  by  Fort  George  and  Castle  Cornet.  Fort  George 
has  barracks  for  upwards  of  5000  men,  and  the  town  is  the 
residence  of  military  and  civil  governors. 

Saint  Peter's,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind.,  in 
, Highland  township,  about  33  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cincinnati, 
0.     It  has  a  church  and  35  houses. 

Saint  Peter's,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Landry  parish, 
La.,  on  Bayou  Boeuf,  30  miles  N.  of  Opelousas.  It  has  <a 
church,  a  store,  and  manufactures  of  sugar. 

Saint  Peter's,  a  post-village  of  St.  Charles  co.,  Mo., 
in  Dardenne  township,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  & 
Northern  Railroad,  about  8  miles  W.  of  St.  Charles.  It  has 
a  church,  2  flour-mills,  and  2  brick-yards. 

Saint  Peters,  a  hamlet  of  Mercer  co,,  0.,  14  miles 
E.  of  Portland,  Ind.     It  has  a  church. 

Saint  Peter's,  Chester  co.,  Pa.     See  Kxaueutown. 

Saint  Pe'ters,  a  seaport  town  of  Nova  Scotia,  co.  of 
Richmond,  on  St.  Peter's  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  36^  miles  from  Port  Hawkesbury.  It  contains  a 
tannery  and  12  stores.     Pop.  250. 

Saint  Peters,  or  Bath'urst  Village,  a  post-village 
in  Gloucester  co.,  New  Brunswick,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Big 
Nepisiquit  River,  in  Bathurst  Harbor,  and  on  the  Inter- 
colonial Railway,  opposite  the  town  of  Bathurst.  It  con- 
t;iins  2  churches,  an  academy,  a  saw-mill,  and  several  stores. 
Ship-building  is  engaged  in.     Pop.  600. 

Saint  Peter's  Bay,  a  seaport  in  Kings  co..  Prince 
Edward  Island,  33  miles  from  Charlottetown.  It  contains 
saw-,  grist-,  and  carding-raills,  and  several  stores. 

Saint  Pe'tersburg  (Russ.  Peterburg,  piVt^r-booRG^), 
a  government  of  European  Russia,  mostly  between  lat.  58° 
and  60°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  27°  30'  and  33°  30'  E.,  having  N. 
the  Gulf  of  Finland  and  Lake  Ladoga,  and  W.  Lake  Peipus 
and  the  river  Narova.  Area,  including  lakes,  20,887  square 
miles.  Pop.  1,326,875.  Surface  mostly  level;  soil  thin,  cold, 
and  two-thirds  covered  with  woods  and  marshes.  The  prin- 
cipal rivers  are  the  Pliusa  and  Looga,  flowing  to  the  Gulf 
of  Finland,  the  Volkhov,  Sias,  and  Svcer,  entering  Lake 
Ladoga,  and  the  Neva,  on  which  is  the  capital  city.  Rye, 
barley,  oats,  and  some  wheat,  hemp,  and  flax,  are  culti- 
vated, but  the  climate  is  unfavorable  for  corn.  Around  the 
zapital  are  many  market-gardens.  Timber,  deals,  and 
masts  form  the  chief  articles  of  export.  Some  building- 
stone  and  lime  are  obtained,  and  in  the  capital  all  kinds  of 
manufactures  are  carried  on.  Population  mostly  Russians, 
t)ut  comprises  many  foreigners,  most  of  whom  are  Lutherans. 
After  St.  Petersburg,  the  chief  towns  are  Schliisselburg, 
Looga,  Yamboorg,  Cronstadt,  and  Tsarskoe-Selo. 

Saint  Petersburg,  s§nt  pee't§rz-biirg  (Russ.  Peter- 
lurg,  pi't?r-boouo^ ;  Ger.  Sanct  Petersburg,  sinkt  pi'ters- 
bSoUG^ ;  Fr.  Saint-Peterabourg,  siuo  piH^R^booR' ;  L.  Petri- 
bur'giim),  the  modern  capital  city  of  the  Russian  Empire, 
and  capital  of  a  government  of  its  own  name,  is  situated 
on  both  sides  of  the  Neva,  at  its  influx  into  the  Gulf  of 
f  inland,  16  miles  E.  of  Cronstadt,  400  miles  N.W.  of  Mos- 
cow, 1100  miles  N.N.E,  of  Vienna,  1550  miles  N.E.  of 
Paris,  and  600  miles  E,  by  N.  of  Stockholm.  Lat.  69° 
66'  N. ;  Ion.  30°  18'  E.  Pop.  in  1884  (as  officially  esti- 
mated), 929,100.    Saint  Petersburg  stands  partly  on  islands 


formed  by  the  divergence  of  the  river,  which  is  crossed  by 
10  bridges,  many  of  them  richly  decorated,  while  over  its 
branches  and  canals  there  are  upwards  of  70  bridges.  Nine 
of  the  twelve  quarters  of  the  city  are  on  the  mainland, 
which  is  called  the  "Great  Side,"  the  island  and  settle- 
ments on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Neva  being  termed  the  Peters- 
burg side.  Being  situated  on  a  flat  and  marshy  soil,  it  is 
difficult  of  drainage,  and  subject  to  destructive  inunda- 
tions, during  one  of  which,  in  1824,  15,000  lives  were  lost. 
Its  public  buildings,  in  the  Italian  style  of  architecture 
and  surmounted  by  gorgeous  gold-plated  domes,  are  mass- 
ive and  elegant,  entitling  it  to  rank  among  the  finest  cities 
of  Europe.  Its  principal  thoroughfares  and  large  squares 
are  wide  and  spacious.  The  footways  are  paved  with  large 
round  stones,  and  are  often  used  by  vehicles.  The  princi- 
pal street,  called  the  Nevskoi  Prospekt,  is  4  miles  long  and 
130  feet  wide,  and  is  one  of  the  finest  in  Europe.  A  street 
railway  has  been  laid  down  along  it.  The  main  channel  of 
the  Neva  is  bordered  by  granite  quays,  of  an  extent  sur- 
passing those  of  any  other  city,  except  perhaps  Paris.  On 
the  side  of  the  mainland  are  the  cathedral  of  St.  Isaac,  of 
chast*  and  noble  proportions,  the  admiralty,  the  hermitage, 
a  palace,  long  the  residence  of  Catherine  II.,  and  which 
comprises  the  court  theatre,  a  picture-gallery  occupying  41 
apartments,  a  valuable  library  of  120,000  volumes,  and  a 
rich  museum.  In  the  s.ame  quarter  arc  the  marble  palace, 
city  hall,  senate  and  ministerial  offices,  bank,  post-office, 
grand  bazaar,  hotel  de  I'etat-major,  and  the  cathedral  of 
Our  Lady  of  Kazan,  built  on  the  model  of  St.  Peter's  at 
Rome.  The  winter  palace  is  the  largest  and  most  magnifi- 
cent in  the  world.  Close  to  the  quay  is  the  bronze  eques- 
trian statue  of  Peter  the  Great,  on  a  block  of  granite. 
Opposite  this  is  a  long  bridge  leading  to  an  island  on 
which  are  the  exchange  and  custom-house.  The  citadel  is 
on  a  small  island  in  the  Neva,  which  contains  the  mint, 
the  hotel  des  mines,  the  academies  of  arts  and  sciences, 
with  museum,  astronomical  observatory,  and  barracks,  and 
the  cathedral  of  St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul,  in  which  are  the 
tombs  of  all  the  Russian  sovereigns  since  Peter  the  Great. 
On  an  adjacent  island  is  the  house  in  which  Peter  the  Great 
lived  while  constructing  the  original  town,  and  in  the 
Grand  Square  the  column  erected  to  the  Emperor  Alexan- 
der, a  magnificent  granite  monolith,  84  feet  in  height.  The 
S.  part  of  the  city  is  intersected  by  the  Fontanka  and  other 
canals,  lined  by  quays.  The  bridges  across  the  Neva  and 
its  principal  branches  are  erected  on  boats,  and  annually 
removed  before  the  river  is  frozen,  for  it  is  open  for  navi- 
gation only  219  days  in  the  year  (May  to  November).  Be- 
sides the  university,  founded  in  1819,  there  are  five  other 
colleges  and  many  public  schools,  a  medico-chirurgical 
academy  of  high  reputation,  an  imperial  library  with 
450,000  volumes  and  25,000  MSS.,  many  of  which  are 
Oriental,  an  academy  of  sciences  having  valuable  museums, 
an  astronomical  and  a  meteorological  observatory,  and  a 
library  of  110,000  volumes,  the  imperial  academy,  a  Kal- 
muck institution,  an  imperial  geographical  society,  a  gov- 
ernment botanic  garden,  a  naval  hospital,  a  school  of  mines, 
with  a  geological  and  mineralogical  cabinet  said  to  be  the 
most  extensive  in  the  world.  The  Rumiantzoff  museum 
has  an  extensive  collection  of  Oriental  objects.  Manu- 
factures of  all  kinds  are  carried  on,  and  it  has  imperial 
gunpowder-,  tapestry-,  and  porcelain-factories,  extensive 
cannon-foundries,  and  near  the  city  the  glass-works  of 
Osiersk.  The  great  bazaar  of  St.  Petersburg  is  said  to 
have  10,000  merchants.  It  receives  merchandise  from  all 
parts  of  the  Russian  Empire  and  Central  Asia  by  means  of 
navigable  rivers  and  canals ;  and  one  of  its  most  charac- 
teristic features  is  the  winter  market,  in  which  are  seen 
enormous  pyramids  composed  of  the  carcasses  of  cattle, 
sheep,  and  swine,  fish,  fowls,  eggs,  and  butter,  frozen  into 
solid  masses.  Chief  exports,  tallow,  flax,  hemp,  iron, 
copper,  corn,  timber,  potash,  canvas  and  coarse  linens, 
oils,  furs,  hides,  and  tar ;  imports,  colonial  produce,  cotton 
and  woollen  goods,  dye-stuffs,  wines,  silks,  woollens,  hard- 
wares, salt,  tin,  lead,  coal,  linens,  &c.  It  has  regular  steam- 
packet  communication  with  all  the  principal  ports  of  Eu- 
rope, and  is  connected  by  railways  with  Moscow,  Nizhnee- 
Novgorod,  and  Warsaw.  The  channel  at  the  mouth  of  the 
river,  formerly  impeded  by  sand,  has  been  improved  by  a 
ship-canal  to  deep  water,  completed  in  1885.  The  low 
islands  of  the  Neva  are  strongly  fortified.  St.  Petersburg 
was  founded  by  Peter  the  Great  in  1703,  previous  to  which 
its  site  contained  only  two  huts. 

Saint  Pe'tersburg,  a  post-borough  in  Clarion  co., 
Pa.,  in  Richland  township,  on  the  Alleghany  River,  near 
the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  about  18  miles  in  a  direct 
line  S.  of  Oil  City.     It  is  on  the  Foxburg,  St.  Petersburg  A 


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Clarion  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Foxburg.  It  oontains  a  news- 
paper office,  a  siivings-biinic,  •  money-order  post-office,  and 
i  oliurolioe.     Pop.  in  1800,  555. 

8aiut  Peter's  Island*  in  St.  Potor'a  Bay,  S.  side  of 
Riohinond  Co.,  Nova  Sootiu,  7  uiilei  from  St.  Peter?.     P.  100. 

Saint  Peter's  Iliver.    See  Minxksota  Uiver. 

Snint«Philbert«de-Bouaiuet  b&n»  fiPbaiii'  d^h 
boo^ain',  a  vilhigo  of  France,  department  of  Yend6e,  20 
mile*  N.  of  Pontivy.     Pop.  of  commune,  2167. 

8aint-Philbert-de-GrundlieUf  s&N*  fil^baiit'  d^h 
grAi(>Mo-uh',  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Loiro-In- 
f£rieure,  I.'i  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Nantes.     Pop.  1122. 

Saint  Philip*  Italy.    See  San  Filippo. 

8aint  Philip,  Spain  and  colonics.     See  Sax  Feupe. 

Saint  Phil'ip,  u  pust-hamlet  of  Posey  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Marrs  township,  on  the  St.  Louis  &  Southeastern  liailroad, 
Si  miles  W.  of  Evansvillo.     It  has  2  churches. 

Saint  Philip*  Texas.     See  San  Felipe. 

Saint  Philip*  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co.,  Wis. 

Saint  Philip  dc  Bengucla.    See  New  Bengubla. 

Saint  Philippe,  8i\n«  fe'leep',  a  post-village  in  La- 
prairie  CO.,  Quebec,  6  miles  S.  of  Laprairie.  It  contains  3 
stores  and  2  hotels.     Pop.  8U0.     See  also  Muddy  Ukakcii. 

Saint  Philippe  de  Neri*  d^ h  n4'ree',  a  post-village 
in  Kamouroska  oo.,  Quebec,  3^  miles  from  St.  Denis. 

Saint  Pie*  e&y  pee,  a  post-village  in  Bagot  oo.,  Que- 
bec, on  the  river  Yamaska,  11  miles  S.  by  E.  of  St.  Ilya- 
cintho.     Pop.  600. 

Saint  Piede  Deguirc,8&N<>pcedQh  d4^gbeer',  a  post- 
village  in  Yamaska  oo.,  Quebec,  on  Rividre  La  Vache,  7 
miles  from  River  David.  It  has  extensive  iron-works  and 
foundries.    In  the  vicinity  are  valuable  iron-mines.    P.  225. 

Saint-Pierre*  bAn"  pe-ain',  an  island  in  Bienne  Lake, 
Switzerland,  canton  of  Bern,  and  celebrated  as  the  residence 
of  Rousseau  in  1765. 

Saint  Pierre,  sdu*  pe-aiR',  an  island  of  North  Amer- 
ica, oflf  the  S.  coast  of  Newfoundland.  The  surface  is  rocky, 
and  vegetation  scanty.  It  forms,  with  the  Miquelon  Islands, 
immediately  N.W.,  a  colony  belonging  to  France.  It  is 
crossed  by  3  ocean  telegraphs.  Permanent  pop.  of  colony, 
4748,  of  whom  3473  were  on  St.  Pierre,  776  on  Miquelon 
and  Langley,  and  499  on  Isle-aux-Chiens. 

Saint  Pierre,  a  town,  capital  of  the  French  colony  of 
St.  Pierre  and  Miquelon,  on  the  S.E.  side  of  the  island  of 
St.  Pierre.  It  is  compactly  built  of  stone,  has  a  convent,  a 
newspaper,  and  a  good  harbor,  and  is  an  important  fishing- 
station.     Pop.  3187. 

Saint  Pierre,  sin*  pe-ain',  the  principal  town  of  the 
island  of  Martinique,  on  its  W.  coast,  12  miles  N.W.  of 
Fort-do-Prance.  Pop.  25,270.  It  is  the  largest  town  of  the 
French  West  Indies,  and  the  chief  entrepflt  of  those  islands. 
It  is  divided  into  two  quarters  by  a  rivulet,  over  which  are 
some  handsome  bridges.  It  has  numerous  public  buildings 
and  schools,  a  handsome  theatre,  and  a  botanic  garden. 
Its  roadstead  is  defended  by  several  forts.  The  Empress 
Josephine  was  born  here  in  1763. 

Saint  Pierre,  sAn"  pe-ain',  an  island  in  the  Indian 
Ocean,  2-10  miles  N.E.  of  Madagascar,  and  dependent  upon 
the  British  colony  of  Mauritius.  On  the  S.E.  side  of  the 
island  is  a  small  town  of  the  same  name. 

Saint-Pierre,  sS.n»  pe-ain',  a  town  of  the  island  of 
Reunion,  in  the  Indian  Ocean,  34  miles  S.  of  Saint-Denis, 
with  an  artificial  port.     Pop.  30,000. 

Saint  Pierre,  Guernsey.    See  Saint  PEXEn-LE-Ponr. 

Saint  Pierre  Baptiste,siNo  pe-ain'  bi'teest',  a  post- 
village  in  Megantic  co.,  Quebec,  7  miles  from  Inverness. 

Snint-Pierre-d'Allevard*  s3,n»  pe-aiR'  ddri§h- 
vaR',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Isere,  17  miles  N.E. 
of  Grenoble.     Pop.  of  commune,  2004. 

Saint  Pierre  de  Broughton.    See  Broughton. 

Saint-Pierre-de-Plesguen,8ilN»pe-aiR'd9h  plis^- 
gftu"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ille-et-Vilaine,  14  miles  S.S.E. 
cf  Saint-Malo.     Pop.  of  commune,  2512. 

Saint-Pierre-d'Ol6ron*  sAn»  pe-ain'  doMiViN*',  a 
town  of  France,  department  of  Charente-Inf6rieure,  on  the 
island  of  Oldron,  17  miles  S.S.W.  of  La  Rochelle,  having  a 
small  port.     Pop.  1545. 

Saint  Pierre  d'Orl^ans*  sin"  pe-ain'  doR^Ii*&N»',  a 
post-village  in  Montmorency  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  island  of 
Orleans,  in  the  St.  Lawrence,  9  miles  below  Quebec.  It 
has  a  flouring-mill,  a  saw-  and  carding-mill,  and  3  stores. 

Saint  Pierre  du  Sud*  sflK<>  pe-ain'  dU  sUd,  a  post- 
village  in  Montmagny  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railway,  44  miles  N.E.  of  Quebec.     Pop.  350. 

Saint-Pierre-Ie-Montier*  s^n*  pe-ain'  l§h  moo'- 
te-i',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ni^vre,  on  the  railxmy  to  Cler- 
tnont,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Moulins.    Pop.  2326. 


Saint  Pierre  le  Port.    See  SAiNT-PETKR-i,R-PonT. 

Saint  Pierre  les  Becqnet8,siN»  pe-ain'  libikMii', 
a  post-village  in  Nicolet  oo.,  Quebec,  on  the  St.  l-uwrcnce, 
66  miles  S.W.  of  Quebec.  It  has  saw-,  grift-,  and  carding 
mills,  and  0  or  10  stores.     Pop.  500. 

Saint«Pierre-les-Cnlais*  8iK»  pe-ain'  I&  kilM4'.  a 
suburb  of  Calais,  Franco,  with  a  station  on  the  Itailway  du 
Nord.     Pop.  22,349. 

Saint-Pierre-I^s-Elbeuf,  siuo  pe-aiii'  liz  Jl-buf, 
a  suburb  of  KIbeuf,  in  France.     Pop.  3636. 

Saint-Pierre-sur-Dives,  siVn"  pe-ain'  sUn  deev,  a 
town  of  France,  in  Calvados,  on  the  Dives,  19  miles  S.E, 
of  Caen.     Pop.  1681. 

Saint  Placide,  s&n*  plA^seed',  a  village  in  the  co.  of 
Two  Mountains,  Quebec,  on  the  river  Ottawa,  'J  miles  from 
St.  Andrews.  It  has  a  foundry,  and  several  tanneries  and 
grist-mills.     Pop.  250.    See  also  Ci.airvaux. 

Saint-Pol,  b&n<>  pol,  a  town  of  France,  in  Pas-de- 
Calais,  on  the  Ternoise,  19  miles  W.N.W.  of  Arras.  Pop. 
3872.  It  has  two  ruined  castles,  a  communal  college,  a 
tannery,  and  mineral  baths. 

Snint-Pol-dc-L6on,  sAn"  pol  d?h  liV'iN"',  a  town  o( 
France,  in  Finistirc,  on  a  height  near  the  English  Channel, 
13  miles  N.W.  of  Morlaix.  Pop.  3503.  It  has  a  cathedral 
and  other  churches,  a  town  hall,  an  episcopal  palace,  and  a 
communal  college. 

Saint-Poltcn,  pol't^n  (Ger.  Sanct  Piilten,  s.lnkt  pbl'- 
t?n),  a  town  of  Lower  Austria,  on  the  Trasen,  35  miles  W. 
of  Vienna.  Pop.  7729.  It  has  a  cathedral,  an  episcophl 
palace,  diocesan  and  high  female  seminaries,  a  theatre,  sev- 
eral hospitals,  and  manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  paper, 
glass,  and  earthenware. 

Saint  Pol'ycarpe  (Fr.  pron.  siIn»  poMe'kanp'),  a  post- 
village  in  Soulanges  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  Delisle,  5  miles 
W.  of  Coteau  Station.  It  has  a  church,  a  convent,  4  stores, 
3  hotels,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  500. 

Saint-Pons,  sAn"  pAN°,  a  town  of  Fronce,  in  II6rault, 
66  miles  W.  of  Montpellier.  Pop.  3358.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  woollen  cloths  and  hosiery,  mines  of  iron  and  cop- 
per, and  a  marble-quarry. 

Saint-Pour<;ain,  sAn"  poon'saN*',  a  town  of  France, 
in  AUier,  18  miles  S.  of  Moulins.     Pop.  3-l()5. 

Saint-Priest,  sAn"  preest,  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Is5re, 
6  miles  S.E.  of  Lyons.     Pop.  1585. 

Saint  Prosper,  sAn"  pros'pain',  a  post-village  in 
Champlain  co.,  Quebec,  10  miles  N.  of  Bntiscan.     Pop.  120. 

Saint- Quay,  sAn"  kA,  a  village  of  France,  in  Cotes- 
du-Nord,  on  the  English  Channel,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Saint- 
Brieuc.     Pop.  of  commune,  2595. 

Saint-Quentin,  sAn"  kfiNo'tAN"'  (anc.  Avtiug'tn  Vcro- 
manduo'ritm),  a  town  of  France,  in  Aisne,  on  the  Somme, 
on  the  Canal  of  Saint-Qiientin,  and  at  tlie  terminus  of  the 
railway  from  Creil,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Laon.  Pop.  37,980. 
It  has  a  noble  cathedral,  town  hall,  court-house,  hospitals, 
public  library  of  14,000  volumes,  chamber  of  manufactures, 
theatre,  a  lycie,  and  extensive  manufactures  of  striped  and 
spotted  muslins,  lace,  batiste,  calico,  merino,  percale,  cash- 
mere, barfige,  shawls,  cotton  yarn,  table-linen?,  leather,  and 
soap.  The  Canal  of  Saint-Qucntin  is  58  miles  in  length, 
and  forms  a  communication  between  the  Oise,  the  Somme, 
and  the  Scheldt.  Here  the  French  were  defeated  by  the 
Spaniards,  August  10,  1557. 

Saint-Qnentin,  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Gard,  near  Uzes.     Pop.  1770. 

Saint-Rambert,  sAn"  rijr^bain',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Ain,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Bourg.     Pop.  1571. 

Saint-Rambert,  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire,  10  miles 
S.E.  of  Montbrison,  on  the  Loire. 

Saint-Raphael,  sAn»  rA'fA'61',  a  maritime  village  of 
France,  department  of  Var,  H  miles  E.S.E.  of  Frejus. 

Saint  Raphael,  sAn»  rA'fA'^l',  a  post-village  in  Glen- 
garry CO.,  Ontario,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Riviiire  Raisin. 

Saint  Raphael  de  Bellechasse,  sAn»  rA'fi'Cr  d?h 
bSl'shAss',  a  post-village  in  Bellechasse  co.,  Quebec,  on 
Rivifire  du  Sud,  6  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Valier.  It  has  saw-^ 
grist-,  carding-,  and  fulling-mills,  and  0  stores.     Pop.  300, 

Saint  Ray'mond  (Fr.  pron.  sAn"  rA'm6N»'),  a  post- 
village  in  Portneuf  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Little  River  Ste. 
Anne,  21  miles  N.N.W.  of  Pointe  aux  Trembles  en  Bas.  It 
has  grist-  and  saw-mills,  3  churches,  5  stores,  Jbc.    Pop.  450. 

Saint  Re'gis,  a  post-village  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Hunting- 
don, and  partly  in  Franklin  oo.,  N.Y.,on  the  river  St.  Law- 
rence, opposite  Cornwall,  entirely  inhabited  by  Indians  of 
the  Iroquois  tribe.     Pop.  1400. 

Saint  Re'gis  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  oo., 
N.Y.,  on  the  St.  Regis  River,  11  miles  S.  of  Moira  Station. 
It  has  a  tannery  and  a  lumber-mill. 


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Saint  Re'gis  Riv'er  rises  in  Franklin  co.,  N.Y.,  and, 
flowing  through  St.  Lawrence  co.,  falls  into  the  St.  Law- 
rence River  near  its  intersection  with  the  boundary-line 
between  the  United  States  and  Canada. 

Saint  Remi,  s4k<»  ri'mee',  a  village  in  Huntingdon 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  (Province  Line 
division),  21  miles  S.  of  Montreal.  It  has  an  iron-foundry, 
a  tannery,  4  hotels,  7  stores,  and  2  churches.     Pop.  831. 

Saint-Remy,  s^n"  r^h-mee',  a  town  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Bouches-du-Rhone,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Aries. 
Pop.  3490.  It  has  stone-quarries,  nurseries  of  silk-worms, 
and  manufactures  of  paper,  madder,  leather,  and  pottery. 
About  1  mile  distant  are  remains  of  the  ancient  Glanum. 

Saint-Remy,  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy-de-D6me,  35 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Clermont-Ferrand.  Pop.  of  commune,  5572. 
It  has  manufactures  of  fine  cutlery. 

Saint-Rion,  s4no  re-^N"',  an  islet  of  France,  Brittany, 
in  Cotes-du-Nord,  S.E.  of  the  island  of  Brehat. 

Saint  Robert,  sdno  rft^bain',  a  post-village  in  Riche- 
lieu CO.,  Quebec,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Sorel.  It  contains  2  stores. 
Saint  Roch  de  I'Achigan,  siu"  rosh  d?h  li'shee^- 
g6>'"',  a  post-village  in  L'Assomption  co.,  Quebec,  on  the 
river  Acbigan,  11  miles  W.  of  L'Assomption.  It  contains 
a  church,  a  convent,  a  model  school,  8  stores,  and  several 
saw-,  grist-,  and  carding-mills.     Pop.  400. 

Saint  Rochde  Richelieu,  s^n"  r6sh  d§h  rishMe-uh', 
a  post-village  in  Richelieu  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  Riche- 
lieu, 1  mile  from  St.  Ours.  It  contains  3  stores.  Pop.  800. 
Saint  Roch  des  Aulnaies,  84k<>  r6sh  ddz  u'n^',  a 
post-village  in  L'Islet  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the 
St.  Lawrence,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  78  miles 
below  Quebec.     It  contains  6  stores.     Pop.  100. 

Saint  Rochs,  sUn"  r6sh,  a  suburb  of  the  city  of  Que- 
bec, H  miles  from  the  post-office. 

Saint  Romaine,s&N°  ro^mdn',  a  post- village  in  Comp- 
ton  CO.,  Quebec,  51  miles  N.E.  of  Lennoxville.     Pop,  150. 
Saint-Romainville,  s4n»  ro'm4N»Veer,  a  village  of 
Prance,  department  of  Seine,  near  the  N.E.  extremity  of 
Paris,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Saint-Denis,  with  a  fine  chateau  and 
park,  and  a  wood  resorted  to  by  the  inhabitants  of  Paris. 
Saint  Romuald  de  Farnham.  See  West  Farnham. 
Saint  Romuald  d'Etchemin.  See  New  Liverpool. 
Saint  Roque,  a  town  of  Spain.     See  San  Roqub. 
Saint  Ro'sa,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  0.     It  has 
a  Roman  Catholic  church  and  large  school. 

Saint  Rose,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  111.,  6  miles 
N.  of  Breese  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Saint  Rose,  apost-hamlet  of  Grant  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  Ga- 
lena <fc  Southern  Wisconsin  Railroad,  20  miles  N.  of  Galena. 
Saint- Saens,  s3,no  s5n",  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine- 
Inferieure,  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Rouen.     Pop.  1830. 
Saint  Salvador,  Brazil.    See  Bahia. 
Saint-Saturnin-l^s-Avignon,   s^n"    siHiiR^niNo' 
lAz  S,Veen^y6N<»',  a  village  of  France,  in  Vaucluse,  arron- 
dissement  of  Avignon.     Pop.  of  commune,  2224. 

Saint- Saud,  s4n<»  so,  a  village  of  France,  in  Dordogne, 
arrondissement  of  Nontron.     Pop.  of  commune,  2332. 

Saint-Saulge,  sis"  sOlzb,  a  town  of  France,  in  Nievre, 
18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Nevers.     Pop.  1429. 

Saint- Sauveur,  sjIn"  so'vur',  a  village  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Hautes-Pyr6n6es,  on  a  cliff  beside  the  Gave 
de  Pau,  having  mineral  springs  of  nearly  the  same  quality 
as  those  of  Barrages,  4  miles  N.E. 

Saint  Sauveur,  siN»  soVur',  a  post-village  of  Terre- 
bonne CO.,  Quebec,  on  RiviSre  du  Nord,  12  miles  N.W.  of 
St.  Jerome.     Pop.  300. 

Saint  Sauveur,  a  suburb  of  the  city  of  Quebec,  IJ 
miles  from  the  post-office. 

Saint-Sauveur-le-Vicomte,  l§h  vee'k6Nt',  a  town 
of  France,  in  Manche,  9  miles  S.  of  Valognes.     Pop.  2464. 
Saint-Savin,   s3,no   si'viii"',   a  town   of  France,   in 
Gironde,  10  miles  E.  of  Blaye.     Pop.  of  commune,  2126, 

Saint-Savin,  a  town  of  France,  in  Isere,  8  miles  N.W. 
of  La  Tour  du  Pin.     Pop.  1083. 

Saint  Se'bald,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa, 
about  50  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Dubuque, 

Saint  Sebastian,  s§ntse-bast'yan  (Sp.  .SVin  Sebastian, 
sin  s4-B3,s-te-3,n'),  a  fortified  city  of  Spain,  province  of 
Guipuzcoa,  on  a  small  peninsula  in  the  Bay  of  Biscay,  in- 
sulated at  high  water  by  the  Urumea,  here  crossed  by  a  long 
wooden  bridge,  10  miles  AV.  of  Fontarabia  by  rail.  Lat.  43° 
19'  2"  N. ;  Ion.  2°  0'  5"  W.  Pop.  9047.  It  is  enclosed  by 
Walls,  and  commanded  by  its  citadel  of  Mota,  on  the  ad- 
jacent height.  Mount  UrguU.  Since  its  destruction  by  fire 
and  siege  in  1813,  it  has  been  mostly  rebuilt  on  a  uniform 
plan.  It  has  handsome  squares,  several  churches  and  con- 
vents, civil  and  military  hospitals,  and  is,  with  its  citadel, 
149 


abundantly  supplied  with  water.  Its  harbor,  protected  by 
a  mole  and  well  defended,  is  small,  but  the  city  has  a  large 
import  trade,  and  an  export  trade  in  corn,  <fec.  It  was  taken 
by  the  French  in  1719,  1794,  and  1808,  from  which  year 
they  held  it  till  August  31,  1813,  when  it  was  stormed  and 
taken  by  the  British. 

Saint  Sebastian,  sS,n»  si-blsHe-ftuo',  a  post-village  in 
Iberville  co.,  Quebec,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Des  Rivieres. 

Saint  Sebastian  d'Aylmer.    See  Valletort. 

Saint-Servan,  s3,r»°  s5RViN>»',  a  seaport  of  France,  de- 
poertment  of  Ille-et-Vilaine,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Ranee, 
close  to  its  mouth  in  the  English  Channel,  about  1  mile  from 
Saint-Malo.  Pop.  9912.  It  has  two  harbors,  one  adapted 
for  frigates,  the  other  appropriated  to  commerce,  separated 
from  each  other  by  the  rock  and  castle  of  Solidor,  founded 
by  William  the  Conqueror ;  besides  which  another  strong 
fort  defends  Saint-Servan.  It  has  a  communal  college,  a 
massive  church,  an  English  chapel,  reading-rooms,  and 
bathing-accommodations.  It  has  ship-building  docks  and 
an  active  trade. 

Saint-Sever,  s4n"  s^h-vaiR',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Landes,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Adour,  11  miles  S.S.AV.  of 
Mont-de-Marsan.  Pop.  2225.  It  has  a  communal  college, 
and  trade  in  corn,  wine,  and  brandy. 

Saint  Severe,  sdN"  s^h-vaiR',  a  post-village  in  St.  Man- 
rice  CO.,  Quebec,  6i  miles  N.W.  of  Yamachiche.  It  con- 
tains a  saw-  and  grist-mill.     Pop.  175. 

Saint  Shotts,a  hamlet  in  the  district  of  Placentia  and 
St.  Mary's,  Newfoundland,  4  miles  from  Cape  Pine.  Thif 
place  has  been  the  scene  of  many  shipwi-ecks. 

Saint  Simeon,  Quebec.    See  Port  au  Persil. 

Saint  Simon  de  Rimouski,  sdN"  see^m6N»*  d?h  ree'- 
moos^kee',  a  post-village  in  Rimouski  co.,  Quebec,  on  the 
S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  on  the  Intercolonial  Rail- 
way, 37  miles  below  Riviere  du  Loup  en  Bns.  It  contains  a 
tannery  and  4  stores.     Pop.  200. 

Saint  Simon  de  Yamas'lca,  a  post-village  inBagot 
CO.,  Quebec,  9  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Hyacinthe.  It  contains  2 
saw-mills  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  250. 

Saint  Si'mon's  Island,  in  Georgia,  Atlantic  Ocean, 
S.  side  of  the  entrance  to  the  Altamaha.  On  its  S.  point  is 
a  fixed  light.     Lat.  31°  8'  N.;  Ion.  81'='  36'  W. 

Saint  Simon's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Glynn  co.,  Ga. 

Saint  Simon's  Sound,  on  the  coast  of  Georgia, 
forms  the  entrance  to  Brunswick  Harbor. 

Saints  John,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Sum- 
mit CO.,  Col.,  22  miles  S.W.  of  Georgetown.  Here  is  a  silver- 
mine  with  smelting-furnaco  and  a  quartz-mill. 

Saint  Sophia,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Sophia. 

Saint  Sophie,  s^nt  so^fee',  a  post-village  of  Plaque- 
mines parish,  La.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  35  miles 
below  New  Orleans.     Sugar  is  made  here. 

Saint- Souplet,  six"  soo^pli',  a  village  of  France,  ar- 
rondissement of  Cambrai.     Pop.  1654. 

Saint's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Colbert  oo.,  Ala.,  12 
miles  S.  of  Leighton  Station. 

Saint  Stanislas  de  Batiscan,  skvf  st&'neesMis'  d^h 
b3,Hees^k6N°',  a  post-village  in  Champlain  co.,  Quebec,  on 
the  river  Batiscan,  8  miles  N.AV.  of  Batiscan.     Pop.  300. 

Saint  Stanislas  de  Kost'ka,  a  post-village  in  Beau- 
harnois  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  St.  Louis,  7  miles  from 
Valleyfield.     Pop.  250. 

Saint  Stephen,  France.    See  Saint-Etienne. 

Saint  Stephen,  in  Italy  and  Italian-speaking  coun- 
tries.   See  Santo  Stefano. 

Saint  Stephen  (Ger.  Sanet  Stephan,  sinkt  sti'fin),  a 
village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  29  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Bern,  on  the  Simmen,  with  a  church,  one  of  the  oldest  in  the 
Simmenthal.     Pop.  1530. 

Saint  Stephen,  s^nt  ste'v^n,  an  island  of  Alaska, 
Kadiak  Archipelago,  lat.  56°  10'  N.,  Ion.  155°  22'  W. 

Saint  Stephen,  a  post-office  of  Seneca  o.,  0. 

Saint  Stephen,  s^nt  ste'v^n,  a  seaport  town  of  New 
Brunswick,  co.  of  Charlotte,  at  the  entrance  of  Dcny's 
River  into  the  St.  Croix,  opposite  Calais,  Me.,  and  86 
miles  W.  of  St.  John  by  road,  116i  miles  by  rail.  Calais 
and  St.  Stephen  are  united  together  by  a  bridge,  and  the 
latter  town  is  lighted  with  gas.  St.  Stephen  contains  6 
churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  banks,  a  telegraph  office, 
and  a  number  of  stores.  It  is  a  port  of  entry,  and  the  S.W. 
terminus  of  the  St.  Stephen  Branch  Railway.     Pop.  3000. 

Saint  Stephens,  ste'v^nz,  a  village  and  parish  of 
England,  co.  of  Cornwall,  near  Launceston.     Pop.  929. 

Saint  Stephens,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Washing- 
ton CO.,  Ala.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Tombigbee  River, 
about  100  miles  by  water  above  Mobile,  and  65  miles  by 
land  N.  of  that  city.     It  has  a  church. 


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2362 


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8aint  9tephen*8  Chiirch,anoat-hainletof  KingKnd 
I.,  Ya.,  about  30  milos  N.£.  uf 


Kiohniond.     It  has 


Quoon  00. 
.  ft  church. 

Saint  Stephen's  Depots  a  poit-oflice  and  ctation  of 
I  Charleston  co.,  S.C,  on  tho  Northoa»torn  Railroad,  45  miles 
N.  of  Charlci'ton. 

Saint'Siilpice,  b&n*  lUrpeoss',  a  Tillage  of  Franco, 

depiirtincnt  of  Tarn,  arrondissoinent  of  Lnvaur.    Pop.  1449. 

Saint  Sulpice,  silN*  sUl^uocss',  a  post-villago  in  L'As- 

■omplion  co.,  tiuoboc,  on  the  N.  shore  of  tho  St.  Lawrence, 

.  29  miles  below  Montreal.     Pop.  300. 

Saint  Sylvcstre,  8iiN<>  soervestV,  a  post-village  In 

Lotbinidre  co.,  Quebec,  35  miles  S.  of  Quebec.     It  has 

taw-,  grist-,  and  carding-tnills,  nn  agricultural-implement 

.  factory,   a   furniture-factory,    and    12    stores.     Pop.  400. 

Saint  Stlvestre  East  is  3  miles  from  here.     Pop.  150. 

Saint  Symphorien,  s&n«  socm^foVoe^ilN"',  a  village 
'  of  France,  in  lndro-»>t-Loire,  on  tho  Loire,  1  mile  from 
Tours.     Pop.  2169. 

Saint  'lam'many,  a  parish  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Loui- 
:  liana,  has  an  nrea  of  about  915  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  K.  by  Pearl  Rivor,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  Lake  Pont- 
obartrain.  It  is  also  drained  by  tho  Boguo  Chitto  and 
Chefonte  River.  The  surface  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  small  pine  trees.  The  soil  is  inferior.  Lumber 
is  one  of  the  chief  products  of  this  parish.  It  is  traversed 
by  two  railroads.  Capitiil,  Covington.  Pop.  in  1870,  5686  : 
in  18S0,  6887;  in  1890,  10,160. 

Saint  Tam  many's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mecklenburg  co., 

Va.,  on  the  Roanoke  River,  65  milos  S.S.W.  of  Petersburg. 

Saint>Th^gonncc,   siis»  ti^gon'nik',  a  village  of 

Franco,  in  Finistcro,  6  miles  W.  of  Morlai.\.    Pop.  of  com- 

.  mune,  3548. 

Saint  The'odore,  an  islet  in  tho  Mediterranean,  off 
ithe  N.  coast  of  Crete,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Khania. 

Saint  Theodore  (Fr.  pron.  sUn"  td>oMoR'),  »  post- 
'.▼illage  and  parish  in  Bagot  oo.,  Quebec,  4  miles  from  Acton 
■-Vale.     Pop.  1236. 

Saint  Theodore  de  Chertsey,  d?h  shflnt'seo',  a 

$iost-villago  in  Montcalm  co.,  Quebec,  14  miles  N.W.  of 
Uiwdon.     Pop.  of  parish,  1619. 

Saint  Theresa,  t?-roe'sa,  a  post-ofRoe  and  watering- 
. place  of  Franklin  co.,  Fla.,  on  tho  Gulf  of  Mexico,  40  miles 
.S.W.  of  St.  Mark's. 

Saint  Tliomas,  tom'as,  post-office,  Crittenden  co.,  Ark. 

Saint  Thomas,  a  post-hamlet  of  Le  Sueur  co.,  Minn., 
about  7  miles  N.E.  of  Le  Sueur.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw- 
mill, and  a  ehair-factory. 

Saint  Thomas,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cole  oo..  Mo.,  on  the 
Osage  River,  18  miles  S.  by  W.  of  JefForson  City.  It  has  a 
«hurch,  a  flour-mill,  and  2  general  stores.     Pop.  about  150. 

Saint  Thomas,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co.,  Nev., 
-on  the  Rio  Virgon,  about  30  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  110 
miles  S.  of  Pioche.     Pop.  252. 

Saint  Thomas,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co..  Pa., 
in  St.  Thomas  township,  7  miles  W.  of  Chambersburg.  It 
has  4  churches,  an  iron-furnace,  and  a  wagon-shop.  Pop. 
;889  ;  of  the  township,  1902. 

Saint  Thomas  (formerly  Meliapoor,  or  Meli- 
poor),  a  S.  suburb  of  Madras,  in  India,  with  largo  canton- 
ment!<.     It  is  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop's  see.     Pop.  15,480. 

Saint  Thomas.     See  Montmagny  and  Pieuuevilt.e. 

Saint  Thomas,  s^nt  toin'as,  one  of  the  Virgin  Islands, 
West  Indies,  belonging  to  Denmark,  38  miles  E.  of  Porto 
Rico.  Lat.  18°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  65°  W.  Length,  17  miles; 
breadth,  about  4  miles.  It  has  a  rugged  and  elevated  surface, 
which  attains  its  greatest  height  towards  the  centre.  The 
Boil  is  sandy,  and  the  far  greater  part  of  it  remains  uncul- 
tivated. The  whole  island  enjoys  the  privileges  of  a  free 
iharbor,  and  the  trade  is  extensive.  It  has  its  central  lo- 
cality at  the  capital,  Charlotte  Amalie.  Pop.  14,007.  Sec 
Chaulotte  Amalie. 

Saint  Thomas,  or  Sfto  Thome,  s5wn»  to-mA',  an 
Island  of  the  Gulf  of  Guinea,  belonging  to  tho  Portu- 
guese, immediately  N.  of  tho  equator,  in  Ion.  6°  3'  E.  Area, 
145  square  miles.  In  its  centre  tho  peak  of  Santa  Anna 
'rises  to  7020  feet  in  height.  The  valleys  are  highly  fertile. 
The  products  comprise  maize,  dates,  manioc,  sweet  potatoes, 
cotton,  sugar,  indigo,  cocoa-nuts,  and  medicinal  barks.  Live- 
stock is  plentiful.     Capital,  Chaves.     Pop.  29,441. 

Saint  Thomas  East,  a  post-village  in  Joliette  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  St.  Lawrence  it  Industry  Railway,  4  milos 
from  Joliette.     Pop.  200. 

Saint  Thomas'  Mount,  a  town  and  extensive  mili- 
tary cantonment  Of  British  India,  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Madras. 
•-  Saint  Thomas  West,  a  town  of  Ontario,  capital  of 
the  CO.  of  Elgin,  on  Kettle  Crock,  and  en  the  Great  West- 


ern, Canada  Southern,  Credit  Valley,  St.  Clair  Branch,  and 
London  A  Port  Stanley  Railways,  15  miles  S.  of  London, 
and  9  milos  from  Port  Stanley.  It  contains  churches  of  6 
denominations,  2  branch  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  about 
100  stores  and  30  hotels,  5  saw-mills,  2  grist-mills,  2  large 
foundries,  3  tanneries,  a  block-  and  tackle-factory,  a  car- 
wheel  foundry,  car-shops  employing  about  500  men,  and  a 
largo  number  of  factories  of  various  kinds.  Tho  publio 
buildings  are  the  town  hall  and  market,  court-house,  and 
music  hall.  The  town  has  advanced  very  rapidly  during 
the  past  fow  years,  on  account  of  the  railways  running 
through  it.     Pop.  (1891)  10,370. 

Saint  Timoth^e,  8&n»  te'moHi',  a  post-villnge  in 
Beauharnois  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Beauharnois  Canal,  9  miles 
S.W.  of  the  town  of  Beauharnois.  It  has  a  church,  a  col- 
lego,  a  convent,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  400. 

Saint  Tite,  s&n»  tcet,  a  post-village  in  Champlain  co., 
Quebec,  33  miles  N.  of  Three  Rivers.  It  has  a  grist-mill 
and  3  saw-mills.     Pop.  150. 

Saint  Tite  des  Caps,  s&n"  toot  d  J,  kftp,  a  post-village 
in  Montmorency  co.,  Quebec,  34  miles  below  Quebec. 

Saint-Trond,  si.v  tr6N»,  atown  of  Belgian  Limbourg, 
on  the  branch  railway  from  Mechlin  to  Liege,  12  milca 
W.N.W.  of  Tongres.  Pop.  11,039.  It  has  breweries,  dig- 
tillcries,  and  manufactures  of  soap,  tobacco,  and  laee. 

Saint- Tropez,  sii*»  tro'pi'  (anc.  Heradea  .'),  a  mari- 
time town  of  France,  department  of  Var,  on  the  Gulf  of 
Grimaud,  an  inlet  of  the  Mediterranean,  37  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Toulon.  Pop.  3236.  It  has  sea-baths,  manufactures  of 
brandy,  and  fisheries  of  sardines  and  anchovies. 

Saint  Ubes,  a  town  of  Portugal.    Sec  Setubal. 

Saint  Ulric,  Quebec.     See  Tessieuville. 

Snint  Urbain,  sist  liR'blN"',  a  post-village  in  Charle- 
voix CO.,  Quebec,  9  miles  N.  of  St.  Paul's  Bay. 

Saint  Urbain,  a  post-village  in  Chatcauguay  co.,  Que- 
bec, 15  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Lachine.  It  has  2  hotels  and  2 
stores.     Pop.  600. 

Snint- Vaast,  sJn"  vftst,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
of  Hainaut,  9  miles  E.  of  Mons.     Pop.  5667. 

Saint- Vaast,  s^n"  v^st,  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Mancho, 
on  the  English  Channel,  near  Capo  La  Ilogue,  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Valognes.     Pop.  3014. 

Saint  Valentine,  siN"  v&MftN<»Hcen',  a  post-village  in 
St.  John's  CO.,  Quebec,  on  tho  Richelieu,  near  Stottville. 

Saint  Valerie  de  Balstrode.    See  Bulstrode. 

Saint  Val6rien,  sdN»  viMi*rc-/lx»',  a  post-villiige  in 
Shefford  co.,  Quebec,  5  miles  S.  of  Upton.     Pop.  100. 

Saint- Valery-en-Caux,  siiy  vlM?h-ree'  &n<>  ko,  a 
town  on  the  N.  coast  of  France,  department  of  Seine-In- 
f6rieure,  17  miles  W.S.W.  of  Dieppe.  Pop.  4030.  It  haa 
sea-baths,  ship-yards,  and  an  active  fishery. 

Saint- Valery-sur-Somme,  siN"  viM§h-rco'  sUb 
somm,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Somnie,  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  Somme,  near  the  English  Channel,  1 1  miles 
N.W.  of  Abbeville.  Pop.  3406.  It  has  a  school  of  naviga- 
tion, fisheries,  rope-walks,  and  docks  for  building  vessels. 

Saint  Valier,  six"  vJ,Me-i',  a  post-village  in  Belle- 
chasse  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  on  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railway,  36  miles  below  Quebec.    Pop.  300. 

Saint  Vallier,  sS.n»  virie-d',  a  market-town  of  France, 
in  DrOine,  on  the  Rhone,  and  on  the  railway  from  Lyons 
to  Avignon,  19  miles  N.  of  Valence.  Pop.  3035.  It  has 
an  old  Gothic  castle,  manufactures  of  crape,  silks,  tulle, 
gauze,  twiiJt,  and  chemical  products,  and  a  trade  in  wine. 

Saint  Veit,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Sanct  Veit. 

Saint-Venant,  g4N»  v?h-n6N<"',  a  fortified  town  ot 
France,  Pas-de-Calais,  on  tho  Lys,  near  Bethune.     P.  1385. 

Saint  Vcnant,  Quebec.    See  Paquette. 

Saint-Victor,  six"  veek'toR',  a  village  of  Franco,  in 
Ardeche,  8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Tournon. 

Saint  Victor  de  Tring,  sdx"  veokHon'  d§h  treeng, 
a  post- village  in  Beauce  co.,  Quebec,  60  miles  S.  of  Quebec. 
It  has  saw-,  grist-,  and  carding-mills,  and  potash-factories. 

Saint  Vin'cent,  one  of  the  British  West  India  Islands, 
100  miles  W.  of  Barbadoes,  lat.  (Kingston)  13°  13'  N., 
Ion.  61°  15'  W.,  17  miles  long  and  about  10  miles  broad. 
Area,  132  square  miles.  A  ridgo  of  high,  well-wooded, 
volcanic  hills  stretches  through  the  island  from  N.  to  S., 
and  sends  off"  subordinate  masses,  which  extend  to  the  sea. 
In  tho  N.W.  is  a  volcano  called  the  Soufiiere,  in  which 
tremendous  eruptions  have  occurred.  Its  height  is  3000 
feet  above  sea-level,  and  its  crater  is  3  miles  in  circuit  and 
500  feet  deep.  Tho  soil  in  tho  valleys  is  usually  a  rich,  te- 
nacious, and  occasionally  fine  black  loam.  Tho  climate  i« 
exceedingly  humid,  having  an  average  annual  fall  of  rain 
of  nearly  SO  inches,  but  is  not  unhealthy.  Tho  principal 
products  arc  sugar,  rum,  molasses,  arrow-root,  and  cotton. 


SAI 


2363 


SAL 


The  island  has  a  local  government,  subject  to  that  of  the 
Windward  Islands.  The  capital,  Kingston,  is  near  the  S.W. 
extremity  of  the  island.     Pop.  (1891)  41,054. 

Saint  Vincent  (Port.  Sdo  Vicente,  86wn»  ve-s5n'ti), 
'  one  of  the  Cape  Verd  Islands,  in  the  Atlantic,  S.E.  of  San 
Antonio.  Length,  15  miles ;  greatest  breadth,  9  miles.  The 
surface  is  mountainous.  The  Porto  Grande  is  one  of  the 
safest  bays  in  these  islands.  The  products  comprise  cotton, 
archil,  and  live-stock.  Corn  and  fruits  are  supplied  from 
San  Antonio.     Area,  70  square  miles.     Pop.  1700. 

Saint  Vincent,  in  Spain.    See  San  Vicente. 

Saint  Vin'cent,  a  post-village  of  Kittson  co.,  Minn., 
on  the  Red  River  of  the  North,  opposite  Pembina,  N.D., 
and  2  miles  from  the  boundary  of  Manitoba.  It  is  the  N. 
terminus  of  the  Crookston  &  St.  Vincent  branch  of  the 
Great  Northern  Railway  Line,  which  connects  hero  with  a 
branch  of  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railroad.     Pop.  about  500. 

Saint  Vincent,  Brazil.    See  SXo  Vicente. 

Saint  Vincent,  Ontario.    See  Meafohd. 

Saint  Vin'ccnt  de  Paul  (Fr.  pron.  sdN<»  vis»'sftN»' 
d?h  pol),  a  post-village  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Laval,  on  Isle 
J6sus,  and  on  the  Riviere  des  Prairies,  12  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Montreal.  It  contains  the  provincial  penitentiary,  several 
stores,  and  hotels.     Pop.  1000. 

Saint  Vin'cent  Gulf,  of  South  Australia,  is  between 
lat.  34°  and  35°  40'  S.,  and  about  Ion.  138°  E.,  bounded  E. 
by  the  mainland,  and  W.  by  Yorke  Peninsula,  separating 
it  from  Spencer  Gulf.  Length,  90  miles;  breadth,  35  miles. 
It  receives  the  Torrens  and  Gawler,  and  communicates  by 
Investigator  Strait  with  Spencer  Gulf,  and  by  Backstairs 
Passage  with  Encounter  Bay.  Jervis  Cape  forms  its  S. 
limit,  and  Ports  Gawler  and  Adelaide  are  on  its  E.  side. 

Saint  Vital  de  Lambton.    See  Lambton. 

Saint- Vivien,  shuf  veeVe-S.N»',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Girondo,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Lesparre. 

Saint  Vrain,  a  hamlet  of  Weld  co.,  Col.,  on  the  South 
Platte  River,  at  the  mouth  of  St.  Vrain  Creek,  about  45 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Denver.  It  is  on  the  Denver  Pacific 
Railroad.     It  has  2  churches. 

Saint  Vrain  Creek,  Colorado,  is  formed  by  two 
branches,  the  North  and  South,  which  rise  in  the  Rocky 
Mountains  near  Long's  Peak,  and  unite  in  Boulder  co.  It 
runs  northeastward,  and  enters  the  South  Fork  of  the 
Platte  about  15  miles  above  Evans. 

Saint  Wenceslas,  sS.n"  vAno'sSsMIs',  a  post-village  in 
Nicolet  CO.,  Quebec,  10  miles  S.E.  of  St.  C6Iestin.  It  con- 
tains 4  stores.     Pop.  150. 

Saint  Wen'dall  (or  Wen'del),  a  post-township  of 
Stearns  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  471. 

Saint  Wendel,  Prussia.     See  Sanct  Wendel. 

Saint  Wen'del,  a  post-office  of  Manitowoc  co.,  Wis. 

Saint  Wen'dell's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Posey  co.,  Ind., 
about  12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Evansville. 

Saint  Wen'tel,  a  hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  III.,  in  Pi.\ley 
township,  3  miles  E.  of  Ingrah.im.     It  has  a  church. 

Saint  Williams,  or  VVal'singham,  a  post-village 
in  Norfolk  co.,  Ontario,  on  Lake  Erie,  17  miles  S.  of  Sim- 
coe.     Pop.  150. 

Saint  Xavier,  zav'e-?r  (Sp,  San  Xavier  or  Javier,  sin 
Hl-ve-aiti'),  an  island  off  the  W.  coast  of  Patagonia,  in  the 
Gulf  of  Penas.     Lat.  47°  4'  S. ;  Ion.  74°  27'  W. 

Saint  Xavier,  of  South  America,  Mexico,  &e.  See 
San  Xavieu. 

Saint-Ybars,  siNt  ee'baR',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Ari6ge,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Pamiers.    Pop.  of  commune,  2148. 

Saint>Yrieix,  s3,yt  eeVe-i',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Haute- Vienne,  on  the  Lou6,  27  miles  S.  of  Limoges.  P.  3542. 

Saint  Zcnon,  sS,n»  ze-n6N»',  or  Saint  Louis  de 
Mautawa,  s^n"  loo'ee'  d?h  minHi'wi*,  a  post-village  in 
Joliette  CO.,  Quebec,  on  a  tributary  of  the  St.  Maurice,  67 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Joliette.    See  also  Piopolis. 

Saint  /6phirin,  s^n"  zA'fe'riN"',  a  post-villnge  in 
Yamaska  co.,  Quebec,  21  miles  E.  of  St.  Francois  du  Lac. 
Po^.  400. 

Saint  Zotique,  sLif  zo^teek',  a  post-village  in  Sou- 
langes  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  2i  miles  from 
Coteau  Landing.     Pop.  200. 

Saison,  8i'z6N»',  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  Basses- 
Pyr6n6es,  flows  N.N.W.  past  Maulfion,  below  which  it  some- 
times takes  the  name  of  Gave  de  Maul6on,  and,  after  a 
course  of  about  45  miles,  joins  the  Gave  d'Oloron. 

Snj,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Sax. 

Sajo,  shoh^yo'  (i.e.,  "salt"),  a  river  of  North  Hungary, 
rises  in  the  Carpathians,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Dobschau,  flows 
S.E.,  and  joins  the  Ilernad  at  Onod.     Length,  80  miles. 

S{^o>Ka7.a,  a  village  of  Hungary.     See  Kaza. 
„    Saionia  and  Sfyon.    See  Saxony. 


SiUteny,  shiHifi',  a  village  of  Hungary,  on  the  MaroB, 
22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Arad.     Pop.  3944. 

Sa'jur,  a  considerable  river  of  Syria,  rises  in  the  Taurus, 
and  flows  S.E.  past  Aintab  to  the  Euphrates. 

Sak,  s3,k,  a  salt  lake  of  Russia,  near  the  W,  shore  of 
the  Crimea,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Eupatoria.  It  is  about  3 
miles  long.     Near  it  is  a  village  of  the  same  name. 

Sakaing,  sinking',  a  town  of  Burmah,  on  the  N.  side 
of  the  Irrawaddy,  opposite  Ava. 

Sakair,  or  Sakse,  a  town  of  Japan.    See  Osaka. 

Sakara,  a  village  of  Egypt.    See  Sakkaha. 

Sakareeyah,  or  Sakariyah,  FS,-k4.-ree'yi,  often 
written  Sakaria,  or  Aiala,  l-L'lk  (anc.  SaiKjanun),  a 
river  of  Asia  Slinor,  rises  S.  of  Angora,  and,  after  a  ra})id 
N.E.  and  N.  course,  estimated  at  230  miles,  enters  the  Black 
Sea  90  miles  E.N.E.  of  Constantinople. 

Sakatal,  sd,-ki-til',  or  Sakataly,  si-k&-t&r^,  a  dis- 
trict or  government  of  Russia,  in  Transcaucasia,  in  the  N. 
part  of  the  old  kingdom  of  Georgia,  and  bounded  N.E.  by 
the  crest  of  the  Caucasus,  which  divides  it  from  Daghestan. 
Area,  1620  square  miles.  Pop.  56,802.  Capital,  Sakatal, 
situated  on  a  small  stream  about  75  miles  N.  by  £.  of 
Yelisavetpol. 

Sakatu,  a  town  of  Africa.    Sec  Saccatoo. 

Sakayt,  sA-kit',  or  Sekket,  s4k-kfit',  a  large  village 
of  Egypt,  in  the  S.E.,  having  the  remains  of  a  temple. 
Lat.  24°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  34°  47'  E.  A  few  miles  northeast- 
ward are  the  ancient  emerald-mines  of  Jeb-el-Zabara. 

Sakhalien,  an  island  of  Asia.     See  Saghalin. 

Sakit,  a  town  of  India.    See  Sukeet. 

Sakka,  s&k'ki,  or  Sak'a,  a  town  of  Abyssinia,  capital 
and  principal  commercial  emporium  of  Enarea,  on  the  river 
Gibbi,  near  lat.  8°  N.,  Ion.  37°  E. 

Sakkara,  or  Saccara,  8^k-k3,'r&,  written  also  Sa- 
kara, a  village  of  Egypt,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Nile,  12 
miles  S.  of  Gheezeh,  remarkable  for  the  pyramids  near  it. 

Sakkhar,  a  state  of  India.    See  Si'kkuk. 

Sakmara,  sfl,k-m3.'ril,  a  river  of  Russia,  government 
of  Orenboorg,  rises  in  the  Ural  Mountains,  flows  mostly 
S.,  and  joins  the  Ural  River  18  miles  W.  of  Orenboorg. 
Length,  350  miles. 

Sakoora,  or  Sakoura,  sS,-koo'r&,  an  island  of  Japan, 
in  a  large  bay  of  the  island  of  Kioo-Sioo.  It  contains  a 
lofty  mountain,  called  Mitake. 

Sakor,  a  town  of  Siam.    See  Ligor. 

Sakti,  a  state  of  India.    See  Suktee. 

Sal,  sil,  a  river  of  Russia,  in  the  Don  Cossack  country, 
joins  the  Don  near  Novo-Cberkask,  after  a  W.  course  of 
250  miles. 

Sal,  sil,  a  river  of  Peru,  rises  not  far  from  the  town  of 
Cangallo,  flows  N.N.E.,  and  near  Huanta  unites  with  the 
Jauja  to  form  the  Mantaro.     Length,  about  130  miles. 

Sal,  sil,  or  Sel,  sil,  one  of  the  Cape  Verd  Islands, 
N.N.W.  of  Boavista.  Lat.  16°  45' N. ;  Ion.  23°  W.  Length, 
20  miles  ;  breadth,  9  miles.     Pop.  750.     It  produces  salt. 

Sala,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Saale. 

Sala,  si'li,  or  Sala  Consilina,  si'li  kon-se-lee'n8,,  a 
town  of  Italy,  province  of  Salerno,  in  the  Val  di  Diano,  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  7772. 

Sala,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  9  miles  S.W.  of 
Parma.  It  has  an  old  castle  in  a  ruinous  state,  and  near 
it  is  the  beautiful  Casino  de'  Boschi.     Pop.  3095. 

Sala,  si'19,,  a  town  of  Sweden,  lasn  of  Westraanland,  21 
miles  W.  of  Westerns.     Near  it  are  silver-mines.     P.  4556. 

Sala  Biellese,  sl'li  be-4l-li'si,  a  village  of  Italy, 
near  Biella.     Pop.  1296. 

Salacia,  Portugal.    See  Alcaceu  do  Sal. 

Saladasburg,  Lycoming  co..  Pa.    See  SALLADYiJuno. 

Saladillo,  si-li-Ded'yo  (the  "Little  Salt  River"),  the 
name  of  several  small  streams  of  the  Argentine  Republic. 
One  of  these  falls  into  the  Rio  Salado  near  35°  30'  S.  lat. 

Sal  ado,  si-li'do,  a  post-village  of  Bell  co.,  Tex.,  9 
miles  E.  of  Belton,  and  about  50  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Austin. 
It  has  4  churches  and  several  flour-mills,  and  a  manufac- 
tory of  farm-implements.  It  is  the  seat  of  Salado  College 
(non-sectarian),  which  was  organized  in  1869  and  has  about 
200  pupils.  Salado  was  founded  for  educational  purposes. 
Pop.  about  400. 

Salado  (s&-li'do)  Bay,  of  Chili,  province  of  Coquimbo, 
is  an  inlet  of  the  Pacific,  S.  of  Copiap6. 

Salado  (si-li'do)  Creek,  Texas,  runs  southward  in 
Bexar  co.,  and  enters  the  San  Antonio  River  about  16  milea 
S.S.E.  of  San  Antonio. 

Salado  de  Tarifa,  si-lJ,'Do  di  ti-ree'fi,  a  small  river 
of  Spain,  province  of  Cadiz,  celebrated  for  the  battle  fought 
on  its  banks  in  1340,  in  which  the  Moslems  were  defeated. 

Salado,  Rip,  Argentine  Republic.    See  Rio  Salado. 


SAL 


2304 


aAL 


Salahecynhf  or  Salahiyah,  8&-l&-hce'&,  n  ruined 
town  of  Asiiitio  Turkey,  on  the  Euphmtes,  15  miles  S.E. 
of  Rahnboh,  about  lat.  34°  30'  N.,  Ion.  40«  30'  E. 

Salahich,  s&-l&.-hee'9h,  or  Salhieh*  R&l-bco'fh,  writ- 
ten also  Selahiehf  a  town  of  Lower  Egypt,  near  the 
Petusiao  orm  of  the  Nile,  37  miles  N.E.  of  Uelbcys.  Pop. 
6000,  mostly  Arabs.  It  is  surrounded  by  palm  trees,  and 
has  a  large  mosque. 

Salama^  8&-l&'m&,  a  town  of  Central  America,  state 
•nd  65  miles  N.  of  Guatemala.     Pop.  5000. 

Salamanca,  s&-l&-m&ng'l(&  (ano.  Salaman'liea),  a  city 
of  Spain,  capital  of  a  province,  extending  up  roclty  heights 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Tormes,  45  miles  N.E.  of  Ciudad 
llodrigo,  in  lat  45°  5'  N.,  Ion.  5°  43'  W.  Pop.  15,906.  A 
groat  part  of  the  city  within  the  walls  is  in  ruins;  it 
streets  are  mostly  narrow,  steep,  crooked,  and  dirty.  It 
has,  however,  some  fine  large  residences,  venerable  edifices 
in  all  styles  of  architecture,  and  the  largest  public  square  in 
Spain,  surrounded  with  arcades,  and  serving  for  a  bull-ring. 
It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  florid  Qothio  cathedral  of  the 
sixteenth  century,  with  a  richly-decorated  interior,  25  other 
churches,  and  a  foundling  asylum.  Salamanca  is  the  Ox- 
ford of  Spain,  and  previous  to  the  French  occupation  in 
1S12  it  had  25  colleges,  of  which  20  are  said  to  have  been 
ruined  by  the  French.  Since  then  the  suppression  of  the 
convents  hos  struck  at  the  root  of  the  prosperity  of  its 
university,  which  in  the  fifteenth  century  had  12,000 
students,  and  is  still  important.  Here  is  an  immense 
Jesuit  college,  now  used  as  a  clerical  seminary,  also  an 
Irish  mission  school,  and  manufactures  of  hate,  woollen 
cloths,  shoes,  leather,  earthenware,  starch,  and  glue.  The 
battle  of  Salamanca,  in  which  the  allies,  under  ^yelling- 
ton,  totally  defeated  the  French,  under  Marmont  and  Clusel, 
July  22,  1812,  was  fought  on  the  heights  of  Arapiles,  4 

miles  S.E.  of  the  city. Adj.  and  inhab.  (Sp.  Salauan- 

QUES,  sil-l&-m&n-kds'). 

Salamanca,  a  province  of  Spain,  in  Leon,  bounded 
W.  by  Portugal.  Area,  4888  square  miles.  It  is  watered 
by  the  Douro,  the  Tormes,  and  the  Alagon.     Pop.  281,511. 

Salaman'ca,  a  township  of  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  1150.     It  contains  part  of  Columbus. 

Salamanca,  a  post- village  in  Salamanca  township, 
Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the 
Erie  Railroad,  46  miles  E.S.E.  of  Dunkirk,  108  miles  S.W. 
of  Rochester,  and  34  miles  E.  of  Jamestown.  It  is  the 
N.E.  terminus  of  the  Atlantic  it  Great  Western  Railroad, 
and  the  S.W.  terminus  of  the  Rochester  &  State  Line  Rail- 
road. It  has  a  graded  school,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  oflSce, 
a  tannery,  and  several  saw-mills,  and  is  mainly  supported 
by  the  lumber-business.  Here  are  machine-shops  of  the 
railroad  companies.     Pop.  in  1880,  2531  ;  in  1890,  3692. 

Salamanca,  s&-l4-m&ng'k&,  a  town  of  Chili,  province 
of  Coquimbo,  50  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Illapel.     Pop.  2072. 

Salamanca,  s&-lft.-m&ng'kil,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state 
and  20  miles  S.  of  Guanajuato,  in  a  plain  5500  feet  above 
the  sea.     Pop.  15,500. 

Salamanca,  a  long  and  narrow  island  of  the  United 
States  of  Colombia,  off  the  mouth  of  the  Magdalena,  20 
miles  S.AV.  of  Santa  Marta. 

Salamanca  de  Bacalar,  Yucatan.    See  Bacalar. 

Salambria,  a  river  of  Thessaly.     See  Salemdria. 

Salamis,  sal'a-mis,  orKolouri,  ko-loo'ree,  an  island 
of  Greece,  government  of  Attica,  in  the  Gulf  of  jEgina,  10 
miles  W.  of  Athens.  Area,  30  square  miles.  Its  shape  is 
very  irregular;  the  surface  is  mountainous,  wooded  in  some 
parts,  and  on  the  coast  small  quantities  of  cotton,  wine, 
and  olives  are  raised.  It  has  several  villages  and  convents. 
Pop.  3950.  In  the  channel  between  it  and  the  mainland 
the  Greeks  under  Themistocles  gained  a  memorable  naval 
victory  over  the  Persians,  B.C.  480.  Solon  and  Euripides 
were  natives  of  Salamis. 

Salamo'nia,  a  post-office  of  Jay  co.,  Ind.,  about  40 
miles  N.  of  Richmond,  is  at  a  hamlet  named  Lancaster. 

Salamo'nie,  township,  Huntington  co.,  Ind.    P.  1485. 

Salamonie  River,  Indiana,  rises  in  Jay  co.,  runs 
northwestward,  intersects  the  cos.  of  Blackford,  Wells,  and 
Huntington,  and  enters  the  Wabash  River  at  Lagro.  It  is 
nearly  90  miles  long. 

Salandra,  s&-li.n'dr&,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Bosilicata,  12 
miles  S.E.  of  Tricarico.     Pop.  2562. 

Salandrella,  s4-ldn-drdl'l&,  a  river  of  Italy,  flows  S.E., 
and  enters  the  Gulf  of  Taranto  6  miles  S.W.  of  the  mouth 
of  the  Basiento.  Length,  50  miles.  At  its  mouth  is  a 
village  of  the  same  name. 

Salang,  an  island,  Indian  Ocean.     See  Jukk-Cetlox. 

Salanga,  s&-IJlng'g4,  a  point  and  island  off  the  coast 
of  Ecuador,  80  miles  N.W.  of  Guayaquil. 


Salnngore,  si-lln-gnr',  a  petty  state  of  the  Mnlny 
Peninsula,  stretching  for  about  120  miles  along  iU  W.  side, 
haying  on  the  N.  Pcrak  and  on  the  S.  Rumbowo.  Pop. 
estimated  at  12,000.  The  products  comprise  dammar-wood, 
oil,  and  rattans. 

Salangore,  the  capital  of  the  above  state,  on  a  river 
near  the  sea,  has  a  fort  and  a  shallow  harbor.  Lat.  about 
3°  20'  N.;  Ion.  101°  30'  E. 

Salara,  sd-li'rA,  a  village  of  Italy,  on  the  Po,  pro\ince 
and  19  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rovigo.     Pop.  1525. 

Salaria,  the  ancient  name  of  CuixcniLLA. 

Salaria,  the  ancient  name  of  Sax. 

Sains,  s&'l&s,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  46  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Lerida.     Pop.  1.305. 

Salas-y- Gomez,  si'l&s-ce-go-mith',  a  small  island 
of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  in  lat.  26°  28'  S.,  Ion.  105°  26'  W.  It 
is  composed  of  rocks,  and  is  said  to  have  no  vegetation. 

Salat,  S&M&',  a  river  of  France,  in  Ari6ge,  rises  in  the 
Pyrenees,  flows  N.N.W.,  ond  joins  the  Garonne.  Length. 
62  miles. 

Salatdere,  a  river  of  Turkey.    See  CnALATDERE. 

Salawatty,  si-lA-wit'tee,  or  Salwat'ty,an  island  of 
the  Malay  Archipelago,  off  the  W.  extremity  of  Papua,  in 
lat.  1°  S.,  Ion.  131°  E.    Length,  35  miles;  breadth,  25  miles. 

Salayer,  or  Saleyer,  si-li'^r,  a  group  of  islands  in 
the  Malay  Archipelago,  off  the  S.  coast  of  Celebes,  forming 
part  of  the  Dutcli  possessions.  It  consists  of  the  islands  of 
Salayer  or  Great  Salayer,  Kalaura,  Boneratta,  Hog  Island, 
and  the  Boegerones.  Salayer  Island,  about  30  miles  long 
from  N.  to  S.,  by  8  miles  broad,  in  lat.  (N.  point)  5°  47' 
S.,  Ion.  120°  28'  E.,  is  separated  from  Celebes  by  the  Strait 
of  Salayer,  13  miles  broad.     Pop.  of  the  group,  60,000. 

Salazar  de  las  Palmas,  s&-l&-thaR'  dd  lis  pdl'ni&s, 
a  town  of  the  United  States  of  Colombia,  state  of  Boyac^, 
40  miles  N.  of  Pamplona,  on  the  Venezuelan  frontier. 

SalcitO,  sil-chee'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  Trigno, 
province  and  14  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Carapobasso.     Pop.  3295. 

Saldafia,  sil-dln'yi,  a  town  of  Spain,  37  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Palencia,  on  the  Carrion.     Pop.  1347. 

Saldanha  (s&i-dd'na  or  s&l-dd,n'y&)  Bay,  of  South 
Africa,  in  Cape  Colony,  60  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cape  Town,  in 
lat.  33°  1'  S.,  Ion.  17°  54'  E.     Length,  15  miles. 

Saldtlo,  sil-dowN"',  or  Saddo,  si-dowN"',  a  river  of 
Portugal,  in  Aleintejo  and  Estremadura,  flows  N.,  and 
enters  the  Bay  of  Setubal  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Setubal. 

Sal  de  Obispo,  sil  di  o-bees'po,  a  town  of  Peru,  35 
miles  W.  of  Pisagua,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  rail. 

Sale,  s&'ld,  or  Sale  di  Tortona,  sH'li  dec  toR-to'n&, 
a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Alessandria,  10  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Tortona.     Pop.  5850. 

Sale,  a  village  of  Italy,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Brescia,  on 
the  E.  shore  of  Lake  Iseo.     Pop.  1896. 

Sale,  siMi',  written  also  Sallee,  Salee,  and  Sla,  a 
seaport  town  of  Morocco,  106  miles  AV.  of  Fez,  on  the  Medi- 
terranean, at  the  mouth  of  the  Boo-Regreb,  opposite  Rabatt. 
Lat.  34°  2'  N.;  Ion.  6°  46'  W.     Pop.  estimated  at  10,000. 

Sale,  sail,  a  town  of  Victoria,  Australia,  capital  of  Tunjil 
CO.,  140  miles  E.S.E.  of  Melbourne.     Pop.  2105. 

Sale-Castelnuovo,  si'li-k4sH6l-noo-o'vo,  a  village 
of  Italy,  province  of  Turin,  a  little  N.  of  Castellamonte,  on 
a  tributary  of  the  Orca.     Pop.  1902. 

Sale  (or  Sail)  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad. 

Salee,  a  town  of  Morocco.    See  Sale. 

Saleen,  Ireland.    See  Bingiiamstowx. 

Sa'lem,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  Salem  district,  170 
miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Madras.  Cotton  and  silk  are  here 
manufactured.     Pop.  50,012. 

Salem,  a  district  of  India,  Madras  presidency,  hoving 
Mysore  on  the  N.W.  and  the  Cavery  River  on  the  W.  and 
S.W.  Area,  7384  square  miles.  Capital,  Salem.  Timber, 
cotton,  rice,  coffee,  tobacco,  indigo,  &o.,  are  largely  pro- 
duced, and  iron  is  mined  and  wrought.     Pop.  1,963,243. 

Sa'lem,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  New  Jersey,  has 
an  area  of  about  340  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  the  Maurice  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Delaware 
River,  and  is  drained  by  Muddy  River  and  Old  Man's  and 
Salem  Creeks.  The  surface  is  level.  The  soil  is  partly 
sandy  and  mostly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  hay,  butter, 
potatoes,  sweet  potatoes,  and  grass-seed  are  the  staple  ))rod- 
ucts.  This  county  has  extensive  deposits  of  marl.  It  is 
intersected  by  several  branches  of  the  West  Jersey  Rail- 
road, and  by  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey.  Capital, 
Salem.  Pop.  in  1870,  23,940;  in  1880,  24,579;  in  1890, 
25,151. 

Salem,  a  post-village  of  Lee  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Western 
Railroad  of  Alabama,  19  miles  W.N.W.  of  Columbus,  Oa., 


SAL 


2365 


SAL 


and  11  miles  E.  of  Opelika.  It  has  2  churches  and  several 
stores.     Pop.  about  450. 

Salem,  a  post-viHage,  capital  of  Fulton  co.,  Ark.,  is 
situated  in  a  fanning  and  mineral  section,  about  130  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Little  Rook.  It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
grist-mill,  and  general  stores.     Pop.  about  300. 

Salem,  a  village  of  Sebastian  co..  Ark.,  21  miles  S.  of 
Fort  Smith.     It  has  several  churches  and  stores. 

Salem,  a  post-village  in  Salem  township,  New  London 
CO.,  Conn.,  10  or  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Norwich.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  seminary  for  ladies.  It  is  in  a  valley,  sur- 
rounded by  hills  and  beautiful  lakes.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 717. 

Salem,  a  post-office  of  Taylor  co.,  Fla. 

Salem,  a  post-office  of  Walker  co.,  Ga. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Knox  co..  111.     Pop.  1677. 

Salem,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Marion  co.,  111.,  in 
Salem  township,  on  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  65 
miles  E.  of  St.  Louis,  and  13  miles  N.E.  of  Centralia.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  7  churches,  a  national  bank,  2  news- 
paper offices,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  graded  school,  the 
building  of  which  cost  $30,000.  Pop.  in  1890,  1493  j  of 
the  township,  2250. 

Salem,  a  hamlet  of  Adams  co.,  Ind.,  6  miles  from 
Monroe  Station.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  75. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1413. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  567. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Steuben  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1385. 

Salem,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Washington  co.,  Ind., 
in  Washington  township,  on  a  branch  of  Blue  River,  and 
on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  Railroad,  35 
miles  N.N.W.  of  New  Albany.  It  contains  a  court-house, 
6  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  a  national 
bank,  2  flour-mills,  a  machine-shop,  a  foundry,  a  woollen- 
factory,  and  several  handsome  residences.  Pop.  in  1890, 
1975.     There  is  a  quarry  of  oolitic  limestone  near  Salem. 

Salem,  a  post-village  in  Salem  township,  Henry  co., 
Iowa,  10  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Mount  Pleasant,  and  about  30 
miles  W.  of  Burlington.  It  contains  4  churches  and  Whit- 
tier  College,  which  was  organized  in  1873  and  is  under  the 
direction  of  the  Friends.  This  college  is  open  to  both  se.xes. 
Salem  has  a  tannery,  a  carriage-shop,  and  2  drug-stores. 
The  township  is  drained  by  Cedar  Creek,  and  has  mines  of 
bituminous  coal.  Pop.  of  the  village,  479  j  of  the  town- 
ship, additional,  1262. 

Salem,  a  tawnship  of  Allen  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  398. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Greenwood  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
327. 

Salem,  a  poat-village  in  White  Mound  township,  Jew- 
ell CO.,  Kansas,  about  90  miles  N.N.W.  of  Salina.  It  is  on 
White  Rook  Creek,  15  miles  S.  of  Red  Cloud,  Neb.  It  has 
2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  lumber,  Ac. 
Two  miles  from  Salem  is  a  remarkable  chalk  mound,  which 
is  of  a  conical  form  and  70  feet  high. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas.     P.  331. 

Salem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  Ky.,  about  30 
miles  N.E.  of  Paducah.  It  has  a  church  and  Salem  Col- 
lege.    Pop.  50. 

Salem,  a  hamlet  of  Pendleton  co.,  Ky.,  near  the  Lick- 
ing River,  about  30  miles  S.S.B.  of  Covington. 

Salem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co..  Me.,  in  Salem 
township,  about  20  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Farmington.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  307. 

Salem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dorchester  co.,  Md.,  11  or  12 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Cambridge.     It  has  a  church. 

Salem,  a  city,  port  of  entry,  and  one  of  the  capitals  of 
Essex  CO.,  Mass.,  is  pleasantly  situated  on  a  peninsula 
formed  by  two  inlets  of  the  sea,  called  North  and  South 
Rivers,  of  which  the  former  separates  it  from  Beverly,  14 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Boston,  with  which  it  communicates  by 
the  Eastern  Railroad.  It  is  also  connected  by  branch  rail- 
roiids  with  Marblehead,  Lawrence,  Lowell,  and  Wakefield. 
It  has  a  good  harbor,  defended  by  Fort  Pickering.  The 
town  had  formerly  an  extensive  trade  with  India,  China, 
Africa,  and  South  America ;  but  at  present  the  foreign 
trade  is  small,  although  the  coasting-trade  is  extensive,  the 
shipment  of  ice  and  the  reception  of  coal  for  distribution 
by  rail  being  leading  interests.  The  principal  manufactures 
are  of  cotton  goods,  white  lead,  lead  pipe,  jute,  railroad- 
cars,  cordage,  castings,  leather,  boots  and  shoes,  <tc.  The 
city  has  an  almshouse,  a  hospital,  an  orphanage,  20  churches, 
a  high  school,  a  state  normal  school  for  girls,  a  city  hall,  a 
court-house,  a  reformatory,  a  custom-house,  an  East  India 
marine  society  with  a  museum,  a  marine  hall,  the  Peabody 
Academy  of  Sciences,  the  Salem  Athenasum,  and  the  Essex 
Institute  (the  last  two  occupying  a  fine  building  called 
Plummer  Hall).    The  town  has  many  fine  old  mansions 


dating  from  the  colonial  period  and  the  times  of  its  mercan- 
tile supremacy.  It  is  closely  connected  with  the  neighbor- 
ing towns  of  Beverly  and  Peabody  by  horse-railroad.  Pop. 
30,801.  Salem  was  founded  in  1628  by  John  Endicott,  and 
in  1692  the  famous  "  Salem  witchcraft"  delusion  broke  out, 
during  which  20  persons  were  here  executed  as  witches  on 
what  is  called  Gallows  Hill. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich,     Pop.  1172. 

Salem,  a  post-township  of  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.,  about 
8  miles  N.E.  of  Ann  Arbor,  is  intersected  by  the  Detroit, 
Lansing  &  Northern  Railroad.  Salem  Station  on  that 
road  is  29  miles  W.  of  Detroit.  Here  is  a  hamlet  named 
Salem,  which  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  and  about  100  in- 
habitants.    Pop.  of  the  township,  1202. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Olmsted  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  1007. 

Salem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benton  co..  Miss.,  about  15 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Holly  Springs.     It  has  2  churches.     P.  85. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Daviess  co..  Mo.     Pop.  986. 

Salem,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dent  co.,  Mo.,  is  on 
the  St.  Louis,  Salem  &  Little  Rock  Railroad,  131  miles  S.AV. 
of  St.  Louis,  and  about  25  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rolla.  It  has  2 
newspaper  offices,  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  car- 
riages and  ploughs.     Iron  ore  abounds  here.     Pop.  1624. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Dunklin  co.,  Mp.     Pop.  470. 

Saiem,  a  post-village  of  Richardson  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
Big  Nemaha  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  South  Fork,  and 
on  the  Atchison  &  Nebraska  Railroad,  85  miles  S.E.  of 
Lincoln,  and  6  miles  AV.  of  Falls  City.  It  has  a  graded 
school,  3  churches,  3  brick-yards,  a  flour-mill,  and  4  lime- 
kilns.    Pop.  about  600. 

Salem,  a  post-village  in  Salem  township,  Rockingham 
CO.,  N.IL,  about  14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Nashua,  and  about  7 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Haverhill,  Mass.  It  is  nearly  2  miles  E. 
of  Salem  Depot,  which  is  on  the  Manchester  <fc  Lawrence 
Railroad.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  shoes. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1603. 

Salem,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Salem  co.,  N.J.,  is  situated 
on  a  creek  of  the  same  name,  3i  miles  from  its  entrance 
into  the  Delaware  River,  44  miles  by  railroad  S.S.W.  of 
Camden,  and  about  14  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Wilmington, 
Del.  It  is  on  a  branch  of  the  AVest  Jersey  Railroad,  which 
connects  it  with  Camden  and  Bridgcton.  It  contains  many 
beautiful  residences,  a  court-house,  10  or  11  churches  (2 
colored),  a  national  bank,  a  high  school,  a  collegiate  insti- 
tute, 2  newspaper  offices,  2  manufactories  of  glass-ware,  an 
iron-foundry,  2  large  flouring-mills,  a  manufactory  of  oil  - 
cloth,  and  an  establishment  for  canning  fruits.  It  is  sur- 
rounded by  a  rich  farming  country,  the  produce  of  which  is 
shipped  in  steamboats  and  other  vessels  which  ply  between 
Salem  and  Philadelphia.     Pop.  in  1890,  6616. 

Salem,  a  post-village,  one  of  the  capitals  of  AVashing- 
ton  CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Salem  township,  on  the  Rensselaer  & 
Saratoga  Railroad,  41  miles  N.N.E.  of  Troy,  and  about  25 
miles  S.  of  Whitehall.  It  contains  5  churciies,  a  national 
bank,  an  academy,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  1239. 
The  township  is  bounded  on  the  S.AV.  by  the  Batten  Kill 
River,  and  contains  a  village  named  Shushan.     Pop.  3716. 

Salem,  a  post-village  of  Forsyth  co.,  N.C.,  is  on  a 
small  affluent  of  the  Yadkin  River,  109  miles  AV.N.W.  of 
Raleigh,  and  i  mile  S.  of  AVinston.  It  is  on  the  Salem 
Branch  of  the  Piedmont  Air-Line  Railroad.  It  contains  a 
church,  the  Salem  Female  Academy,  a  Moravian  school 
(occupying  4  brick  buildings),  a  male  college,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  national  bank,  a  cotton-factory,  a  tannery,  2  car- 
riage-shops, a  flour-mill,  a  woollen-factory,  and  a  steara 
saw-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  2711.  I 

Salem,  a  township  of  Pasquotank  co.,  N.C.   Pop.  1314. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Auglaize  co.,  0.     Pop.  877. 

Salem,  a  station  in  Brown  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cincinnati  & 
Eastern  Railroad,  36  miles  E.  of  Cincinnati. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Champaign  co.,  0.     Pop.  1854. 

Salem,  a  handsome  post-town  in  Perry  township,  Co- 
lumbiana CO.,  0.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago 
Railroad,  13  miles  E.  of  Alliance,  and  about  20  miles  S.S.AA''. 
of  Youngstown.  It  is  the  largest  town  in  the  county,  and 
is  surrounded  by  a  rich  farming  community.  It  contains  2 
Friends'  meeting-houses,  6  other  churches,  2  national  banks, 
the  capital  of  which  amounts  to  $325,000,  a  public  hall,  » 
high  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  several  flour-mills  and 
machine-shops,  galvanized-iron-works,  and  manufactures 
of  engines,  stoves,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  5780. 

Saiem,  Guernsey  co.,  0.     See  Nonxn  Salem. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Highland  co.,  0.     Pop.  1029. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  0.     Pop.  1708. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Meigs  co.,  0.  Pop.  1718.  It 
contains  Salem  Centre. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Monroe  oo.,  0.    Pop.  2106. 


SAL 


2866 


SAL 


Haleni)  a  villago  of  Montgomery  oo.,  0.,  in  Randolph 
township,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Say  ton.  It  has  a  church,  a 
diitillory,  a  grist-mill,  and  4  stores.  Pop.  812.  Ilera  ii 
ClHyton  Post-Office. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.    Pop.  941. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Ottawa  oo.,  0.     Pop.  1687. 

8alem«  Ross  oo.,  0.    See  South  Salrm. 

Salen*  a  township  of  Shelby  oo.,  0.     Pop.  1428. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Tuscarawas  oo.,  0.     Pop.  1725. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  0.     Pop.  2102. 

Salem,  a  villuge  of  Washington  oo.,  0.,  in  Salem  town- 
thip,  on  Duck  Creek,  1  mile  from  Warner  Station,  which  is 
on  tho  Marietta,  Pittsburg  A  Cleveland  Railroad,  IS  miles 
K.  of  Marietta.  It  has  4  churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  steam 
flour-mill.  Pop.  of  the  township,  I57I.  Ii«re  is  Lower 
Salem  Pust-Offico. 

Salem,  Wayne  co.,  0.    See  West  Salem. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Wyandot  co.,  0.     Pop.  1103. 

Salem,  a  city,  tho  capital  of  the  state  of  Oregon,  and 
of  Marion  co.,  is  situated  on  the  E.  or  right  bank  of  the 
Willamette  River,  and  on  the  Oregon  A  California  Rail- 
road, 53  miles  S.  by  AV.of  Portland,  23  miles  N.  of  Albany, 
and  about  700  miles  N.  of  San  Francisoo.  Lat.  44°  66'  N. ; 
Ion.  123°  1'  W.  t  Small  steamboats  can  ascend  the  river  to 
this  place  during  high  water,  or  about  8  months  of  the  year. 
The  streets  aro  all  straight,  and  are  99  feet  wide.  Sulem  is 
the  most  populous  town  of  Oregon  except  Portland.  It  is 
tho  scat  of  Willamette  University  (Methodist  Episcopal), 
which  was  organized  in  1851.  Salem  contains  a  state  prison, 
12  churches,  an  academy,  2  banking-houses,  a  fine  brick 
eourt-house,  completed  in  1874,  an  institution  for  the  deaf 
and  dumb,  founded  by  the  state  in  1870,  the  Oregon  School 
for  the  Blind,  founded  in  1873,  a  state  library  of  about  7000 
volumes,  a  large  flouring-mill,  a  foundry,  a  machine-shop, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber,  oil,  woollen  good.s,  sash  and 
doors,  leather,  and  farming-implements.  Two  daily  and  3 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here;  and  hero  is  the  new 
state  oapilol,  which  is  264  feet  in  length  by  75  feet  in  width, 
with  wings  extending  100  feet.     Pop.  (1890)  about  10,500. 

Salem,  a  village  in  Salem  township,  Clarion  co..  Pa., 
1  mile  from  State  Road  Station  of  the  Euilenton  &  Shippen- 
vilie  Railroad,  which  is  5  miles  from  Emlenton.  It  has  3 
churches.  Here  is  Lamartine  Post-Office.  Pop.  of  town- 
ship, 1496. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Lnzerne  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1525. 

Salem,  Mercer  co..  Pa.    See  Leech's  Corseus. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Mercer  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  686. 

Salem,  a  post-village  of  Snyder  co.,  Pa.,  H  miles  W. 
•f  Selin's  Grove.  It  has  a  church,  a  planing-mill,  and  a 
eash-factory. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  2607. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.  Pop. 
2124.     See  New  Salem. 

Salem,  a  post- village,  capital  of  McCook  co.,  S.D.,  26 
miles  by  rail  N.  by  W.  of  Parker,  and  .38  miles  by  rail  W. 
by  N.  of  Sioux  Falls.     Pop.  in  1890,  429. 

Salem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cocke  co.,  Tenn.,  7  miles  N. 
of  Bridgeport  Station.     It  h.os  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Salem,  a  post-office  of  Newton  oo.,  Tex. 

Salem,  a  village  of  Franklin  co.,  Tenn.,  on  tho  Win- 
chester &  Alabama  Railroad,  about  6  miles  S.W.  of  Win- 
chester.    It  has  an  academy. 

Salem,  a  post-office  of  Newton  co.,  Tex.,  on  tho  Sabine 
River,  40  miles  from  Orange. 

Salem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Utah  oo.,  Utah,  4i  miles  from 
Payson.     It  has  a  church. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Orleans  co.,  Vt.     Pop.  693. 

Salem,  a  post-village  of  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  on  the  rail- 
road between  Manassas  and  Front  Royal,  52  miles  W.  of 
Alexandria.  It  has  4  churches  and  a  seminary.  The  name 
of  its  post-office  is  Salem  Fauquier. 

Salem,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ro.anoko  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Staunton  River,  and  on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  60  miles  W.  of  Lynchburg.  It  is  in  the  Great 
Valley,  which  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  tho  Blue  Ridge. 
It  contains  8  churches,  a  national  bank,  2  newspaper  offices, 
graded  schools,  Roanoke  College  (Lutheran),  which  was 
organized  in  1853  and  has  a  library  of  16,000  volumes,  2 
tanneries,  2  tobacco-factories,  a  chair-factory,  and  a  car- 
riage-shop.    Pop.  about  2000. 

Salem,  a  hamlet  of  Greenbrier  co.,  W.  Va.,  8  miles  N.W. 
of  Lewisburg. 

Salem,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  co.,  W.  Va.,  14  miles 
by  rail  W.  of  Clarksburg.  It  has  a  woollen-factory,  a  grist- 
mill, a  planing-mill,  and  general  stores  and  business  houses. 
Pop.  310. 

SaleiDj  a  post-bamlet  in  Salem  township,  Kenosha  oo., 


Wis.,  on  the  Kenosha  A  Rockford  Railroad,  15  miles  W.  of 
Kenosha.  It  has  a  church.  Tho  township  is  drainol  by 
tho  Fox  River,  and  contains  several  lakes.  Pop.  of  tlie 
township,  140S. 

Salem,  a  township  of  Pierce  eo..  Wis.     Pop.  ?08. 

Salem,  a  jK)«t-village  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Wellington,  nt 
the  Irvine  River,  1  mile  from  Elora.  It  has  saw-  ami 
flouring-mills,  2  tanneries,  last-,  peg-,  and  slave-fuctories, 
a  brewery,  an  iron-foundry,  a  brick-field,  and  a  eliiireh. 

Salcmbria,  s&-ldni-brcc'&,  or  Salyinpria,  sA-lim- 
preo'&,  written  alvu  Kalambria  and  Salemprin  (ano. 
I'ene'ut),  the  principal  river  of  Thessaly,  rises  at  the  N.W. 
extremity  of  that  province,  flows  S.E.,  then  N.E.,  between 
Mounts  Ossa  and  Olympus,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of  Salunioa. 
Length,  110  miles. 

Salem  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  oo.,  Ind.,  in 
Salem  township,  about  36  milos  N.  of  Fort  Wayne. 

Salem  Centre,  a  post-liamlct  in  North  Salem  town- 
ship, Wo8tchcster  co.,  N.Y.,  28  uiilos  S.E.  of  Newburg. 

Salem  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Salom  town.slnp, 
Meigs  CO.,  0.,  about  52  miles  S.W.  of  Marietta.  It  hiu  3 
stores,  a  public  hall,  and  9  residences. 

Salem  Chap'cl,  a  post-township  of  Forsyth  co.,  N.O. 
It  has  3  churches  and  2  tobocco-factorios.     Pop.  848. 

Salem  Church,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C, 

Salem  City,  a  village  in  Cranberry  township,  Venango 
CO.,  Pa.,  3  miles  S.  of  Oil  City.  It  has  2  oburolies.  Here 
is  Seneca  Post-Offioe. 

Salem  Creek,  New  Jersey,  rises  in  Salem  co.,  runs 
westward  and  southward,  and  enters  Delaware  Bay  about  3 
miles  below  the  town  of  Salem,  which  is  on  this  creek. 
Sloops  can  ascend  it  nearly  10  miles. 

Salem  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.H., 
in  Salem  township,  on  the  Manchester  k  Lawrence  Rail- 
road, 7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lawrence,  Mass.     Pop.  500. 

Salem  Fauquier,  Fauquier  co.,  Va.     See  Salem. 

Salemi,  si-li'mee  (anc.  Hnly'cist),  a  town  of  Sicily,  15 
miles  N.E.  of  Mazzara.     Pop.  14,096. 

Salem  Junction,  a  station  of  the  North  Carolina 
Railroad,  3  miles  W.  of  Greensborough,  N.C.  It  is  tho  E. 
terminus  of  the  Salem  Branch  Railroad. 

Salem>on-Erie,  New  York.    See  Biiockton. 

Salempria,  a  river  of  Thessaly.    See  Salembima. 

Sa'lemsfourg,  a  post-hamlet  in  Liberty  township. 
Saline  CO.,  Kansas,  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Salina.  It  has  2 
churches.     It  was  settled  by  a  colony  of  Swedes. 

Sa'lemville,  a  post-office  of  Green  Lake  co..  Wis. 

Salcntinum  Promontorium.    See  Cape  Lelca. 

Salcrano,  sS,-lA-ril'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Milan,  5  miles  W.  of  Lodi,  on  the  Lambro.     Pop.  1076. 

Salernes,  siMainn',  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Var,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Braque  and  Bresque,  11  milos 
W.  of  Draguignan.     Pop.  2225. 

Salerno,  s4-l§r'no  or  si-lin'no  (anc.  Saler'num ;  Fr. 
Salenie,  siMainn'),  a  city  and  seaport  of  Italy,  capital  of 
tho  province  of  Salerno,  at  the  N.  extremity  of  the  gulf  of 
its  own  name,  33  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Naples,  finely  situated 
on  the  side  and  at  the  foot  of  a  hiil  crowned  by  the  remains 
of  an  ancient  citadel.  Lat.  40°  40'  N.;  Ion.  14°  46'  E,  It 
is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  a  broad  road  along  the  shore. 
Its  streets,  paved  with  lava,  are  narrow  and  irregular  and 
hemmed  in  by  lofty,  gloomy-looking  houses.  Tho  principal 
edifices  are  the  cathedral,  erected  by  Robert  Guiscard,  a 
Gothic  structure,  adorned  with  a  facade  of  28  granite  Co- 
rinthian pillars,  and  possessing  an  ancient  tomb  said  to 
contain  the  ashes  of  the  Apostle  Matthew,  the  governor's 
palace,  theatre,  17  churches,  an  ordinary  and  a  foundling 
hospital.  The  port  is  well  sheltered,  but  is  very  shallow. 
Salerno  is  the  see  of  an  archbishop,  and  has  a  high  criminal 
and  a  civil  court,  a  seminary,  and  a  lyceum,  and  once  had  a 
university  with  a,  famous  medical  school.  Tho  foundation  of 
the  town  is  attributed  to  the  Greeks.  It  became  a  place  of 
great  importance  under  the  Romans,  from  whom  it  passed 
first  to  tho  Goths  and  afterwards  to  tho  Lombards,  who 
retained  it  in  possession  till  the  eleventh  century,  when 
they  were  expelled  by  the  Norman,  Robert  Guiscard.  Fcp. 
27,759.     See  Gulf  of  Salerko. 

Salerno  (formerly  Principato  Citra,  prin-cho- 
p&'to  che'tri),  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Campania,  bounded  W. 
and  S.  by  the  sea,  and  traversed  by  branches  of  the  Apen- 
nines. Area,  2116  square  miles.  It  is  a  fruitful  region. 
Capital,  Salerno.     Pop.  541,738. 

Salcski,  a  lake  of  Russia.     See  Plescheievo. 

Salesville,  salz'vil,  a  post-village  of  Guernsey  co.,  0., 
in  Millwood  township,  on  tne  Central  Ohio  division  of  th« 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  37  miles  W.  of  Bellaire.  It 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  296. 


SAL 


2367 


SAL 


Saletto,  sl-lSt'to,  a  village  of  Italy,  21  miles  S.W.  of 
Padua.     Pop.  2851. 

Saleyer,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Salayek. 

Salford)  sawl'fQrd,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Lan- 
caster, immediately  W.  of  Manchester,  with  which  city  it 
communicates  by  bridges  across  the  Irwell.  It  unites  with 
Manchester  to  form  the  most  populous  place  in  England 
after  the  metropolis,  and  the  chief  seat  of  the  British  cotton- 
manufacture.  It  is  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop's  see.  The 
borough  sends  three  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 
Pop.  in  1891,  198,136.     See  Manchester. 

Sal'fbrdf  a  post-village  in  Oxford  co.,  Ontario,  4  miles 
from  Ingerfoll.     Pop.  100. 

Sal'fordville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  1 
mile  from  Salford  Station,  which  is  on  the  Perkiomen  Rail- 
road, 9  miles  S.  of  Pennsburg,  and  about  30  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Philadelphia.     It  has  a  church  and  a  wagon-shop. 

SalgadU)  sAl-gi'do,  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the  S.  of 
the  state  of  Ceari,  under  the  name  of  the  Porcos,  and, 
several  miles  below  the  town  of  Ico,  joins  the  Jaguaribe. 

Salgado,  a  town  of  Brazil^  state  of  Minas-Ueraes,  on 
the  Sao  Francisco.     Lat.  15°  20'  S.     Pop.  4000. 

Saigar^  sil^gan',  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Colombia,  in 
the  department  of  Bolivar,  on  the  Magdalena,  3  miles 
above  Sabanilla,  and  15  miles  below  Barranquilla,  to  which 
a  railway  extends.  Steamers  anchor  several  miles  below, 
and  discharge  their  freight  by  means  of  lighters. 

Salghir,  or  Salgir,  sil-gheen',  the  principal  river  of 
the  Crimea,  rises  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Eila,  12  miles  S.E. 
of  Simferopol,  flows  northward,  and  enters  the  lagoon  of 
Sivash  40  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Kaffa.     Length,  100  miles. 

Salhieh,  a  town  of  Egypt.     See  Salahieh. 

Salian,  s5,l-yin',  or  Saljany,  sil-yin'?,  a  town  of 
Russian  Transcaucasia,  government  of  Bakoo,  on  the  river 
Koor,  15  miles  from  its  mouth.     Pop.  9038. 

ESalibabo,  si-le-b3.'bo,  Salibaboo,  si-le-bi^'boo, 
Talaut,  ti'lowt',  or  Tulour  (tooMoor')  Islands,  a 
cluster  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  about  lat.  4°  N.,  and  be- 
tween Ion.  126°  and  127°  E.    See  also  Tulour. 

Saliceto,  s4-le-chi'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont, 
on  the  Bormida,  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mondovi.     Pop.  1979. 

Saliciuin,  the  Latin  name  of  Fuzes. 

Salida,  si-lee'di,  a  post-office  of  Stanislaus  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Modesto. 

Salies,  siMee',  a  town  of  Franco,  department  of  Basses- 
Pyrfinees,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Gave  d'Oloron.  Pop.  2494. 
It  is  noted  for  its  springs  of  brine. 

Salina,  si-lee'ni, or  Salini,  si-lee'nee  (ane.  Did'yme), 
one  of  the  Lipari  Islands,  in  the  Mediterranean,  N.W.  of 
Lipari.  It  is  5  miles  in  diameter,  and  volcanic.  It  pro- 
duces Malmsey  wine.     Pop.  4007. 

Salina,  sa-li'n§,,  a  post-village  of  Boulder  oo.,  Col.,  9 
miles  N.W.  of  Boulder.  It  has  a  church,  4  quartz-mills,  4 
stores,  and  rich  mines  of  gold  or  silver.     Pop.  about  400. 

Saliua,  a  township  of  Kankakee  co.,  111.,  about  28 
miles  S.  of  Jolict.     Pop.  865. 

Salina,  a  post-village  of  McLean  oo..  III.,  in  Lexington 
township,  3  miles  from  Lexington.     It  has  3  churches. 

Salina,  a  post-office  of  Fulton  co.,  Ind. 

Salina,  a  hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  13  miles  below  New  Albany. 

Salina,  a  post- village  of  Jefferson  co..  Iowa,  on  the  line 
between  Buchanan  and  Lookridge  townships,  about  33  miles 
E.  of  Ottumwa.     It  has  2  churches.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Salina,  a  city,  capital  of  Saline  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Smoky  Hill  River,  and  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  47 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Junction  City,  and  38  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
Ellsworth.  It  contains  6  churches,  2  banking-houses,  a 
high  school  with  a  building  which  cost  $30,000,  and  print- 
ing-offices which  issue  3  weekly  newspapers.  It  has  3 
grain-elevators,  a  steam  flour-mill,  and  2  other  flour-mills. 
Salt  springs  and  quarries  of  gypsum  are  found  near  this 
place.     Pop.  in  1870,  918;  in  1880,  3111;  in  1890,  6149. 

Salina,  a  post-office  of  Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
West  Jersey  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Woodbury. 

Salina,  a  township  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.     Pop.  2688. 

Salina,  a  former  village  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  has 
been  united  to  Syracuse,  of  which  it  forms  the  1st  ward. 

Salina,  a  post-hamlet  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  on  the  Hock- 
ing River,  and  on  the  Columbus  &  Hocking  Valley  Railroad, 
6  miles  N.W.  of  Athens.  It  has  a  church,  a  coal-mine,  and 
salt-works.     Pop.  90. 

Salina,  a  hamlet  of  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  in  Cranberry 
township,  6  miles  S.  of  Oil  City.  It  has  a  church.  Here 
is  Cranberry  Post-Office. 

Salina,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  in 
$eU  township,  on  the  Kiskiminetas  River,  and  on  the  West 


Pennsylvania  Railroad,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Freeport.  It  bus 
a  manufactory  of  fire-bricks. 

Salina,  a  post-office  of  Sevier  co.,  Utah,  on  the  Serier 
River,  about  120  miles  (direct)  S.  of  Salt  Lake  City. 

Salinas,  si-lee'nis,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Monterey 
CO.,  Cal.,  in  Alisal  township,  on  the  Salinas  River,  and  on  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  118  miles  S.S.E.  of  San  Fran- 
cisco, and  about  18  miles  E.  of  Monterey.     It  has  a  bank, 

2  newspaper  offices,  6  churches,  and  several  factories.  Pop. 
in  188U,  1854;  in  1890,  2339. 

Salinas,  township,  San  Luis  Obispo  co.,  Cnl.   Pop.  1728. 

Salinas  Kiver,  California,  runs  in  a  N.N.W.  direction 
through  Monterey  co.,  and  enters  the  Pacific  Ocean  about 
20  miles  S.E.  of  Santa  Cruz. 

Saline,  sa-leen'  or  sa'line,  a  county  in  the  central  part 
of  Arkansas,  has  an  area  of  about  622  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Saline  River  and  its  branches.  The  surface 
is  partly  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests 
of  the  hickory,  oak,  pine,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  said, 
to  be  fertile.  Indian  corn,  cotton,  butter,  and  pork  are  tha 
staple  products.  Among  its  minerals  are  granite,  quartz, 
slate,  and  blue  limestone.  This  county  is  intersected  by  a 
branch  of  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  A.  Southern  Railroad, 
which  connects  with  Benton,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
3911 ;  in  1880,  8953;  in  1890,  11,311. 

Saline,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an  area, 
of  about  380  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Middle  and 
South  Forks  of  Saline  River,  which  unite  in  the  S.E.  part 
of  the  county.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  hickory,  ash,  black  walnut, 
tulip-tree,  <&c.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  tobacco, 
wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  traversed  by 
the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  <t  St.  Louis,  Lo*iisvill» 
&  Nashville,  and  St.  Louis,  Alton  &,  Terre  Haute  Railroads. 
Capital,  Harrisburg.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,714;  in  1880, 15,940  ; 
in  1890,  19,342. 

Saline,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Kansas,  has  an 
area  of  720  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Smoky 
Hill  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Saline  and  Solomon 
Rivers  and  by  Mulberry  and  Gypsum  Creeks.  The  Solo- 
mon River  unites  with  the  Smoky  Hill  River  on  the  E.  bor- 
der of  the  county.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  is 
fertile;  and  a  large  portion  of  it  is  prairie.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  oats,  cattle,  and  hay  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  has  quarries  of  gypsum  and  salt  springs.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  the  Missouri  Pa- 
cific Railroad,  and  other  railroads.  Capital  Salina.  Pop. 
in  1870,  4246;  in  1880,  13,808;  in  1890,  17,442. 

Saline,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  Missouri,- 
has  an  area  of  about  760  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  and  E.  by  the  Missouri  River,  and  is  intersected  by 
Black  River  and  the  Salt  Fork  of  the  La  Mine  River.  The, 
surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and 
forests  of  the  hickory,  oak,  black  walnut,  ash,  and  other, 
trees.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats, 
hay,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  In  1870; 
this  county  produced  2,006,043  bushels  of  Indian  corn,  and 
more  than  any  other  county  of  the  state.  Among  its  min- 
erals are  coal  and  limestone.  It  is  traversed  by  a  branch 
of  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad  and  a  division  of  thp. 
Chicago  &,  Alton  Railroad.  Capital,  Marshall.  Pop.  in 
1870,  21,672;  in  1880,  29,911;  in  1890,  33,762. 

Saline,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Nebraska,  bos  an. 
area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Big  Blue 
River  and  the  North  Fork  of  Turkey  Creek.  The  surface 
is  undulating.  The  soil  is  calcareous  and  fertile.  Wheat, 
Indian  corn,  grass,  potatoes,  and  live-stock  are  the  staple 
products.  Limestone  underlies  part  of  this  county.  It  is 
traversed  by  the  Union  Pacific,  Missouri  Pacific,  and  Bur- 
lington &  Missouri  River  Railroads.  Capital,  Wilber.  Pop. 
in  1870,  3106;  in  1880,  14,491;  in  1890,  20,097. 

Saline,  a  post-office  of  Dallas  co..  Ark. 

Saline,  a  township  of  Johnson  CO.,  HI.     Pop.  1282. 

Saline,  a  post-office  of  Bienville  parish.  La. 

Saline,  a  post-village  of  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.,  is  on 
the  E.  border  of  Saline  township,  and  on  a  river  of  the, 
same  name,  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ann  Arbor.  It  is  also  ou 
the  Detroit,  Hillsdale  <fc  Southwestern  Railroad,  11  mileS: 
S.W.  of  Ypsilanti.     It  has  a  union  school,  4  churches,  2  or 

3  flouring-mill?,  a  planing-mill,  a  newspaper  office,  a  foun- 
dry, and  a  tannery.     Pop.  900;  of  the  township,  1802. 

Saline,  a  township  of  Cooper  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1S36. 
Saline,  a  post-office  of  Mercer  oo..  Mo.,  about  11  milot 
S.  of  Leon,  Iowa. 

Saline,  a  township  of  Miller  co..  Mo.  Pop.  1720. 
Saline,  a  township  of  Perry  co..  Mo.  Pop.  1409. 
Saline,  a  township  of  Ralls  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  1631. 


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SalinO)  a  township  of  St.  Goneviore  oo.,  Mo.     P.  980. 

Saline,  a  township  of  JofTorson  co.,  0.     Pop.  1022. 

Saline  lluyon,  sa-locn'  bi'oo,  a  short  stream  which 
eonnocts  Catahoula  Lake  with  Rod  Ilivcr,  in  Louisiiuia. 

Saline  Ilayou^  Louisiana,  intersects  Bienville  parish, 
runs  southward,  forms  the  W.  boundary  of  AVinn  parish, 
And  enters  the  Kigolots  de  Bon  Dieu  about  7  miles  £.  of 
Natohitoohea. 

Saline  (sf-leen')  City,  a  post-Tillage  of  Clay  oo.,  Ind., 
on  the  Cincinnati  A  Terre  llaute  Railroad,  20  miles  S.E.  of 
Terre  Haute.     It  has  a  mine  of  block  coal  and  2  churches. 

Saline  Creek  or  Bayou,  Arkansas,  rises  in  Polk 
00.,  runs  southward  through  Howanl  oo.,  and  enters  Little 
River  about  10  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Saline  Creek  or  River,  Illinois,  is  formed  by  its 
North  and  South  Forks,  which  unite  in  Qallatin  co.  It 
runs  S.B.,  and  enters  the  Ohio  River  about  10  miles  below 
Shawncotown.  The  North  Fork  rises  in  Hamilton  co.,  and 
runs  nearly  S.  The  South  Fork  drains  part  of  Williamson 
00.,  and  runs  E.  through  Saline  co. 

Saline  Creek,  or  Little  Saline,  of  Cooper  co.,  Mo., 
runs  northward  and  eastward,  and  enters  the  Missouri 
River  about  16  miles  below  Boonvillo. 

Saline  or  Salt  Creek,  Nebraska,  drains  a  large  part 
of  Lancaster  co.,  runs  northward  to  Lincoln,  and  thence 
northeastward.  It  passes  through  the  N.W.  part  of  Cass 
00.,  and  enters  the  Platte  River  about  3  miles  N.E.  of  Ash- 
land. It  is  nearly  80  miles  long.  Lincoln,  the  capital  of 
Nebraska,  is  on  this  creek,  which  derives  its  name  from 
salt  springs  in  the  vicinity. 

Saline  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Howard  co..  Ark. 

Saline  Mines,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gallatin  co..  III.,  on 
the  Saline  River,  3  miles  from  the  Ohio  River,  and  24  miles 
N.E.  of  Golconda.     It  has  a  church  and  a  coal-mine. 

Saline  River,  Arkansas,  rises  by  several  branches 
near  the  N.  border  of  Saline  co.,  and  runs  S.E.  and  S.  It 
intersects  Grant,  Dorsey,  and  Bradley  cos.,  and  enters  the 
Ouachita  River  at  the  S.  extremity  of  Bradley  co.  It  is 
about  200  miles  long. 

Saline  River,  Kansas,  rises  in  the  W.  p.art  of  the 
state,  and  runs  eastward  through  extensive  fertile  prairies. 
It  intersects  the  cos.  of  Trego,  Ellis,  Russell,  and  Lincoln, 
and  enters  the  Smoky  Hill  River  in  Saline  co.,  about  7 
miles  E.  of  Salina.  The  direct  distance  from  its  source  to 
its  mouth  is  nearly  200  miles. 

Saline  River,  of  Michigan,  a  small  stream  which 
flows  into  the  Raisin  River  in  Monroe  co. 

Salines,  siMecn',  a  village  of  Cyprus,  in  the  Gulf  of 
Salines,  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  island,  3  miles  S.  of  Larnica, 
with  a  citadel,  bazaar,  and  salt-works. 

Salineville,  sa-lccn'vll,  a  post-village  of  Columbiana 
CO.,  0.,  in  Washington  township,  on  the  Cleveland  &  Pitts- 
burg Railroad,  63  miles  W.N.  W.  of  Pittsburg,  and  30  miles 
B.S.E.  of  Alliance.  It  has  a  bank,  a  union  school,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  6  churches.  Coal-mining  is  the  principal 
Dusiness  of  this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  2369. 

Sa'ling,  a  township  of  Audrain  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  991. 

Salini,  Mediterranean  Sea.    See  Salina. 

Salino,  si-lee'no,  a  river  of  Italy,  after  an  E.  course 
of  32  miles,  enters  the  Adriatic  5  miles  N.W.  of  Pescara. 

Salins,  s1M3.n»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Jura,  on  the 
Furieuse,  21  miles  S.S.W.  of  Besanpon.  Pop.  5577.  It  is 
enclosed  by  walls,  defended  by  2  forts,  and  has  a  communal 
college,  extensive  salt-magazines,  iron-works,  soda-factories, 
and  tanneries.  The  brine-springs  of  its  vicinity  yield  large 
quantities  of  salt,  and  it  has  also  medicinal  springs,  which 
are  visited  by  many  invalids. 

Salis,  sil'lis,  a  river  of  Russia,  issues  from  a  small  lake 
near  the  centre  of  Livonia,  flows  circuitously  W.,  and,  after 
ft  course  of  100  miles,  falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Riga. 

Salisbury,  sawlz'b^r-e,  or  New  Sarum,  si'rum,  a 
city  of  England,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Wilts,  on  the  Avon, 
at  a  railway  junction,  21  miles  W.  of  Winchester,  and  96 
miles  W.S.W.  of  London.  Pop.  15,980.  It  stands  in  a 
fertile  plain,  and  is  drained  by  running  brooks,  which  flow 
down  most  of  its  streets.  In  its  centre  is  a  spacious  market- 
place, in  which  are  the  council-house,  the  public  library 
and  news-room,  and  the  butter-cross.  The  cathedral  is  a 
splendid  structure.  It  was  finished  in  1238,  wholly  in  the 
early  English  style,  and  is  in  the  form  of  a  double  cross : 
length,  474  feet;  width  of  larger  transepts,  210  feet;  height 
of  spire,  404  feet.  Attached  to  it  are  spacious  cloisters,  a 
ohapter-house,  library,  Ac;  and  in  the  close  are  the  bishop's 
palace,  deanery-house,  and  residences  of  the  canons  and 
other  dignitaries.  Besides  3  parish  churches,  here  are  sev- 
eral chapels,  a  grammar-school,  county  jail,  a  fine  museum, 
theatre,  assembly-  and  concert-rooms,  and  a  county  infirm- 


ary. The  city  has  now  little  trade  except  in  agriculturti 
produce  and  the  retail  »upj)ly  of  its  inhabitants.  It  sondl 
two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Salisbury,  sawli'b^r-e,  a  hamlet  of  Sacramento  oo,, 
Cal.,  on  the  American  River,  and  on  the  Sacramento  Valley 
Railroad,  15  miles  E.  of  Sacramento. 

Salisbury,  a  post-township  of  Litchfield  co.,  Conn., 
forms  the  N.W.  extremity  of  the  state,  and  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  llousatonic  River.  Its  surface  is  divcrsifiod 
by  beautiful  lakes,  fertile  valleys,  and  cultivated  hill8, 
which  present  very  attractive  scenery.  It  has  beds  of  ex- 
cellent hematite  iron  ore,  also  2  blast-furnaces,  nn  iron- 
foundry,  2  woollen-mills,  a  machine-shop  of  the  Houfatonio 
Railroad,  and  5  churches.  It  contains  villages  named  Salis- 
bury, Chapinville,  Lakeville,  Lime  Rock,  and  Ore  Hill,  nnd 
a  large  school  or  hospital  for  imbeciles,  in  which  about  60 
pupils  are  educated.     Pop.  in  1890,  3420. 

Salisbury,  a  post-village  of  Litchfield  oo..  Conn.,  in 
Salisbury  township,  about  60  miles  by  the  Conneoticut 
Western  Railroad,  or  42  miles  in  a  direct  line,  W.N.W.  of 
Hartford.  It  has  a  church,*a  hotel,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
a  large  summer  boarding-hoi^se.    Pop.  338. 

Salisbury,  a  township  of  Kent  co.,  Del.     Pop.  97. 

Salisbury,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sangamon  co..  III.,  on  th« 
Springfield  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  about  10  miles  N.W. 
of  Springfield.     It  has  a  church  and  several  stores. 

Salisbury,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wicomico  co., 
Md.,  is  situated  on  the  Wicomico  River,  and  on  the  Eastern 
Shore  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Wicomico  &  I'oco- 
moke  Railroad,  32  miles  E.N.E.  of  Crisficld,  and  23  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  Berlin.  It  has  10  churches,  3  newspaper  ofliccs, 
an  academy,  2  flour-mills,  3  planing-mills,  Ac.  Lumber, 
fruit,  and  grain  are  exported  from  this  place.     Pop.  2905. 

Salisbury,  or  Salisbury  Point,  a  post-village  of 
Essex  CO.,  Mass.,  in  Salisbury  township,  near  the  N.  bank 
of  the  Merrimac  River,  adjacent  to  the  village  of  Amesbury 
Ferry,  on  a  branch  of  the  Eastern  Railroad,  about  11  miles 
N.E.  of  Haverhill,  and  24  miles  N.  of  Salem.  It  contains 
a  newspaper  office,  several  churches,  a  national  bank,  a 
savings-bank,  a  high  school,  and  several  manufactories  of 
carriages.  A  chain  suspension-bridge  over  the  river  con- 
nects Salisbury  with  Newburyport.  Salisbury  township  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the  S. 
by  the  Merrimac  River.  It  has  6  churches,  also  manu- 
factures of  woollen  goods  and  hats,  8  boat-yards,  and  10 
carriage-factories.  It  was  first  settled  about  1636.  Pop, 
of  township,  4078.     See  Salisbury  Beach. 

Salisbury,  a  station  of  the  Eastern  Railroad,  is  at  East 
Salisbury,  Mass.,  whence  a  branch  railroad  extends  to  Ames- 
bury  and  Salisbury. 

Salisbury,  a  post-village  in  Salisbury  township,  Chari- 
ton CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  A  Northern 
Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  its  Glasgow  division,  21  miles 
W.  of  Moberly,  and  IS  miles  E.  of  Brunswick.  It  has  a 
bank,  a  newsjjaper  office,  and  6  churches.  Pop.  in  1 890, 1672. 
The  township  is  drained  by  the  Chariton  River.     P.  4310, 

Salisbury,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Montana. 

Salisbury,  a  post-village  in  Salisbury  township,  Mer 
rimack  co.,  N.H.,  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Concord,  and  SJ 
miles  W.N.W.  of  North  Bosc.awen  Station.  It  has  1  or  2 
churches  and  an  academy.  Daniel  Webster  was  born  here. 
Mount  Kearsarge  is  on  the  W,  border  of  this  township,  which 
is  drained  by  Black  River.     Pop.  of  township,  897. 

Salisbury,  a  post-village  in  Salisbury  township,  Her- 
kimer CO.,  N.Y.,  8  miles  N.  of  Little  Falls,  and  about  23 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Utica.  It  has  2  churches,  about  30  houses, 
and  a  saw-mill.  It  is  often  called  Salisbury  Corners.  The 
township  contains  Salisbury  Centre  and  a  pop.  of  1882. 

Salisbury,  Orange  co.,  N,Y.    See  Salisbury  Mills. 

Salisbury,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Rowan  co.,  N.C., 
in  Salisbury  township,  on  the  Western  Railroad  of  North 
Carolina  where  it  crosses  the  Piedmont  Air-Line  Railroad, 
25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Statesville,  and  44  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Charlotte.  It  contains  a  court-house,  2  newspaper  offices, 
a  banking-house,  8  churches,  2  iron-foundries,  and  several 
seminaries.     Pop.  in  1890,  4418. 

Salisbury,  a  township  of  Meigs  co.,  0.     Pop,  10,992. 

Salisbury,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  in 
Salisbury  township,  about  16  miles  E.  of  Lancaster.  The 
township  is  intersected  by  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  and 
contains  other  post-villages,  named  Cambridge,  Gap,  and 
Buyerstown.  It  comprises  part  of  the  fertile  Pequea  Val- 
ley.    Pop.  3710. 

Salisbury,  a  township  of  Lehigh  co..  Pa,     Pop.  2860. 

Salisbury,  a  borough  of  Somerset  co..  Pa.,  in  Elk  Lick 
township,  about  44  miles  S.  of  Johnstown,  and  22  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Cumberland,  Md.    It  has  a  bank,  3  ohurche^ 


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2369 


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a  foundry,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  stoves,  Ac.  Pop. 
521.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Elk  Lick.  A  short 
railroad  connects  Salisbury  with  Meyersdale. 

Salisbury,  Tennessee.     See  Saulsbury. 

Salisbury,  a  post-village  in  Salisbury  township,  Ad- 
dison CO.,  Vt.,  about  22  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Rutland,  and  3 
miles  E.  of  Salisbury  Station  of  the  Central  Vermont  Rail- 
road. It  has  a  church,  a  woollen-factory,  a  grist-mill,  and 
manufactures  of  spools,  bobbins,  boots,  and  shoes.  The 
township  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Otter  Creek,  and  con- 
tains the  beautiful  Lake  Dunmore,  at  which  is  a  large  hotel 
for  summer  boarders.  Pop.  of  the  township,  902.  Salis- 
bury Station  is  at  West  Salisbury. 

Salisbury,  a  post-village  in  Westmoreland  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  Petitcodiac  River,  and  on  the  Inter- 
colonial Railway,  76  miles  N.E.  of  St.  John.  It  has  sev- 
eral stores  and  saw-mills.     Pop.  300. 

Salisbury  Beach,  a  village  and  summer  resort  of 
Essex  CO.,  Mass.,  in  Salisbury  township,  on  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Newburyport.  It  has  2  large  hotels 
and  several  boarding-houses. 

Salisbury  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Salisbury  town- 
ship, Merrimack  co.,  N.H.,  5  miles  W.  of  North  Boscawen 
Station.     It  has  1  or  2  lumber-mills. 

Salisbury  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Herkimer  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Salisbury  township,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Little 
Falls.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  tannery,  a 
gang-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  about  500. 

Salisbury  Cove,  a  post-hamlet  in  Eden  township, 
Hancock  co.,  Me.,  on  the  shore  of  Mt.  Desert  Island,  40 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Bangor,  and  5  miles  from  Bar  Harbor. 

Salisbury  Island,  in  Hudson's  Strait,  Canada,  is  in 
lat.  63°  27'  N.,  Ion.  76°  40'  W. 

Salisbury  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Blooming  Grove 
township.  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  about  60  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
New  York.  It  has  2  churches,  a  seminary,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  paper-mill.  It  is  on  the  Newburg  Branch  of  the 
Erie  Railroad,  at  Salisbury  Station,  9i  miles  S.W.  of  New- 
burg. Here  are  several  fine  boarding-houses  for  summer 
boarders.     Pop.  317. 

Salisbury  Plain,  England,  an  elevated  undulating 
tract  of  open  downs,  co.  of  Wilts,  extending  both  N.  and  S. 
of  the  city  of  Salisbury ;  but  the  term  is  now  generally  held 
to  apply  mainly  to  that  portion  between  Salisbury  and  De- 
vizes, from  which,  as  a  common  centre,  most  of  the  hill- 
chains  of  South  and  Central  England  proceed.  Large  portions 
of  it  are  occupied  solely  as  sheep-walks.  On  it,  about  6 
miles  N.  of  Salisbury,  is  Stonehenge;  and  many  traces  of 
prehistoric  structures  are  scattered  over  its  surface. 

Salisbury  Point,  Massachusetts.    See  Salisbuky. 

SaMix,  a  post-office  of  Woodbury  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Sioux  City  &  Pacific  Railroad,  15  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Sioux 
City. 

Salkehatchie,  sawl-k^-hatch'e,  a  post-offico  of  Colleton 
CO.,  S.C,  on  the  Salkehatchie  River,  and  on  the  Savannah 
k  Charleston  Railroad,  50  miles  W.  of  Charleston. 

Salkehatchie  River,  South  Carolina,  runs  southeast- 
ward through  Barnwell  co.,  and  unites  with  the  Little 
Salkehatchie  on  the  N.E.  border  of  Hampton  co.  to  form 
the  Combahee  River. 

SalMaco'a,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ga. 

Salladyburg,  sal'a-de-biirg,  or  Saladasburg,  sal'- 
a-daz-burg,  a  post-village  in  Mifflin  township,  Lycoming 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  12  miles  W.  by  N,  of  Williamsport.  It  has 
a  tannery,  a  grist-mill,  and  several  lumber-mills. 

Salle,  sdl'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  S.W.  of 
Chieti.     Pop.  1725. 

Sallee,  a  town  of  Morocco.    See  Sale. 

Sallenches,  or  Sallanches,  s&riANsh',  a  town  of 
Prance,  in  Savoy,  on  the  Arve,  42  miles  N.E.  of  Chambfiry. 
Pop.  1925.  The  fall  of  the  Sallenche  is  a  fine  cascade,  in 
the  Valais,  10  miles  S.  of  Martigny-la-Ville. 

Salles-Curan,  sJ.ll-kii'r6No',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Aveyron,  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Millau.   P.  of  commune,  2581. 

Salles-la-Source,s3,ll-ia,-sooRss',  a  village  of  France, 
in  Aveyron,  7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Rodez.     Pop.  2183. 

SaI'lis,  a  post-village  of  Attala  co.,  Miss.,  on  the  New 
Orleans,  St.  Louis  <fc  Chicago  Railroad  (Kosciusko  Branch), 
about  60  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Jackson.  It  has  an  academy,  2 
churches,  and  a  steam  grist-mill. 

Sallisaw,  sal'e-saw,  a  post-office  of  the  Cherokee  Na- 
tion, Indian  'rerritory. 

Salm  (Alt),  a  town  of  Belgium.    See  Alt-Salm. 

Salmantica,  Spain.    See  Salamanca. 

Salmeron,  sil-md-ron',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
37  miles  E.S.E.  of  Guadalajara.     Pop.  1294. 

Salmon  (sam'9n)  Brook,  a  post-hamlet  in  Washburn 


township,  Aroostook  co..  Me.,  on  Aroostook  River,  52  miles 
N.  of  Houlton.     It  has  a  starch-factory  and  a  saw-mill. 

Salmon  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lemhi  co., 
Idaho,  on  Salmon  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Lemhi  Rivet, 
340  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Corinne,  Utah.  Gold  is  found  near 
this  place  in  placer-mines,  and  is  the  chief  article  of  export. 
It  is  surrounded  by  mountains.     Pop.  in  about  400. 

Salmon  Creek,  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  runs  southward, 
and  enters  Cayuga  Lake  near  Ludlowville. 

Salmon  Creek,  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  enters  Lake  On- 
tario at  Braddock's  Bay,  about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Rochester. 

Salmon  Creek  Settlement.    See  Oakham. 

Salmon  Fall  River,  Idaho,  runs  nearly  northward, 
and  enters  the  Snake  River  in  Alturas  co.,  about  24  milei 
W.  of  Shoshone  Falls. 

Salmon  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  El  Dorado  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  South  Fork  of  American  River,  about  30  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Sacramento. 

Salmon  Falls,  a  post-office  of  Owyhee  co.,  Idaho. 

Salmon  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Strafford  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Rollinsford  township,  on  the  Salmon  Falls  River,  and  on 
the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Ports- 
mouth, Great  Falls  <fe  Conway  Railroad,  4  miles  N.E.  of 
Dover,  and  3  miles  S.E.  of  Great  Falls.  It  has  3  churches, 
2  cotton-mills,  2  banks,  and  a  high  school. 

Salmon  Falls  River,  or  Salmon  River,  forms 
the  boundary  between  York  co..  Me.,  and  Strafford  co.,  N.H. 
It  runs  nearly  southward,  and  unites  with  the  Cocheco 
about  3  miles  S.E.  of  Dover  to  form  the  Piscataqua  River. 
The  falls  of  this  stream  afford  abundant  water-power. 

Salmonier,  sal-mo-neer',  a  post-town  at  the  head  of 
St.  Mary's  Bay,  Newfoundland,  at  the  mouth  of  a  river  of 
the  same  name,  49  miles  S.W.  of  St.  John's.     Pop.  346. 

Salmon  River,  a  small  stream  of  California,  flows 
N.W.,  and  enters  Klamath  River  6  miles  above  Orleans  Bar. 

Salmon  River,  Connecticut,  rises  in  Tolland  co.,  runs 
southward,  and  enters  the  Connecticut  River  in  Middlesex 
CO.,  3  or  4  miles  below  Haddam. 

Salmon  River,  Idaho,  rises  by  several  branches  in  the 
Rocky  Mountains  and  the  Salmon  River  Mountains.  It 
drains  Lemhi  co.,  and  runs  westward  through  Idaho  co. 
Its  general  direction  is  nearly  northwestward.  It  traverses 
a  hilly  or  mountainous  country  in  which  gold  is  found,  and 
enters  the  Snake  or  Lewis  River  about  40  miles  S.  of  Lew- 
iston.     It  is  nearly  450  miles  long. 

Salmon  River,  New  York,  rises  in  Franklin  co.,  flows 
northwestward,  and  enters  the  St.  Lawrence  River  in  tha 
province  of  Quebec.     Malone  is  on  this  stream. 

Salmon  River,  New  York,  a  small  stream  which  rises 
in  Lewis  co.,  runs  W.  through  Oswego  co.,  and  enters  Lake 
Ontario  4  or  5  miles  AV.  of  Pulaski,  which  is  on  this  river. 

Salmon  River,  a  station  in  Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
railroad  from  Au  Sable  to  Plattsburg,  5  miles  S.W.  of 
Plattsburg. 

Salmon  River,  or  Pineville,  a  post-village  in  Al- 
bion township,  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Salmon  River,  near 
the  Rome,  Watertown  <fc  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  about  28 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Oswego.  It  has  a  church.  The  name  of 
its  post-office  is  Salmon  River. 

Salmon  River,  a  post-village  in  Albert  co..  New 
Brunswick,  at  the  entrance  of  Salmon  River  in  the  Bay  of 
Fundy,  31  miles  from  Penobsquis.     Pop.  250. 

Salmon  River,  a  post- village  in  St.  John  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  41  miles  from  St.  John.     Pop.  100. 

Salmon  River,  a  post- village  in  Cape  Breton  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  19  miles  from  Sydney.     Pop.  100. 

Salmon  River,  a  post-village  in  Halifax  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  86  miles  from  Halifax.     Pop.  200. 

Salmiinster,  or  Saalmtinster,  s^I'miin^st^r,  a  walled 
town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassau,  at  the  confluence  of  the 
Salza  and  Kinzig,  24  miles  S.W.  of  Fulda.     Pop.  1286. 

Salo,  s3,-lo',  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  W.  side  of  Lago  di 
Garda,  14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Brescia.  Pop.  4962.  It  stands 
at  the  foot  of  Monte  San  Bartolomeo,  is  chiefly  built  on 
piles,  and  has  a  cathedral  and  8  other  churches. 

Salobreiia,  si-lo-brfin'yi,  a  small  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  34  miles  S.S.E.  of  Granada,  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Motril  in  the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  1371. 

Salodurum,  or  Salordurum.    See  Solgure. 

Salo'ma,  a  post-hamlet  of  Taylor  co.,  Ky.,  14  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Lebanon.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  73. 

Salomon  Islands.    See  Solomon  Islands. 

Salon,  siMiN"'  (anc.  Sa'lo,  or  Salo'numf),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Bouches-du-Rh6ne,  28  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mar- 
seilles. Pop.  4681.  It  has  several  squares  with  fountains, 
a  handsome  town  hall,  manufactures  of  silk  twist,  hats,  and 
soap,  and  a  brisk  general  trade. 


SAL 


2370 


SAL 


8alona«  si-lo'ni,  a  ruiaed  oity  of  Dalmatia,  S  miles 
N.N.K.  of  Snalato,  on  the  E.  side  of  tho  Buy  uf  Sulonn,  on 
intotof  the  Adriatic. 

Salona^  s&-1o'n&  (ane.  Ai»pki'§'ia),  a  town  of  Grecoe, 
84  miloa  W.N.W.  of  Athons,  on  an  inlet  of  the  Corinthian 
Gulf,  and  at  tho  S.  foot  of  Mount  Purnassus.  Pop.  6234. 
On  its  acropolis  aro  ruina  of  un  ancient  oita^iol. 

Salo'iia^  a  post-villugo  in  Lamar  township,  Clinton  oo., 
Pa.,  on  Fishing  Crook,  2  miles  from  Mill  Hall  Station,  and 
4  or  6  miles  S.  of  Lock  llavon.  It  has  3  churches,  4  stores, 
a  graded  school,  an  Odd-Fellows'  ball,  a  grist-mill,  and  a 
tannery.     Pop.  about  450. 

Salonica,  8&-lo-noe'k&,  or  Saloniki,  sJl-lo-noe'koe 
(Vr.  Saloniqne,  s&Mo'noek';  ano.  Thea$aloiii'ea,  or  Ther'- 
nta),  a  seaport  oity  in  European  Turkey,  in  llouraolia,  oapi- 
tal  of  a  sanjak,  at  tho  N.£.  extremity  of  the  Gulf  of  Salo- 
nioa,  and  from  which  a  railway  e.\tonda  225  miles  to  the 
N.W.  Lat.  40°  38'  8"  N. ;  Ion.  22°  57'  22'  K.  Pop.  esti- 
mated at  SU,000,  of  whom  from  25,000  to  30,000  are  Jows, 
£000  Turks,  and  the  remainder  Greeks  and  Franks.  It  has 
externally  an  impo:<iing  appoaranco,  standing  on  a  hill-slopo, 
«nolosod  by  walls  5  miles  in  circuit,  its  numerous  minarets 
and  domes  interspersed  with  gardens  of  cypross.  The  city 
is  commanded  by  a  large  citadel  termed  tho  "  Seven  Towers." 
It  has  numerous  antiquities,  in  good  preservation.  The 
lower  portions  of  its  walls  are  cyclopean,  and  one  of  its 
gates  was  built  in  honor  of  Augustus  after  the  battle  of 
Philippi.  Within  the  citadel  is  another  triumphal  arch, 
erooted  under  Marcus  Aurelius.  Several  of  the  mosques 
have  been  originally  pagan  temples;  one  has  been  con- 
structed on  the  model  of  the  Pantheon  at  Rome ;  another, 
with  portions  wholly  uninjured,  was  formerly  a  temple  of 
Venus.  In  the  centre  of  the  city  is  the  hippodrome,  a  noble 
area,  entered  by  a  magnificent  colonnade  of  5  Corinthian 
pillars.  The  mosque  of  St.  Sophia  is  a  handsome  model  of 
that  at  Constantinople.  The  bazaars  aro  extensive  and 
well  supplied,  and  the  city  has  some  flourishing  silk-draw- 
ing factories.  It  is  tho  scat  of  extensive  trade,  facilitated 
by  quays  of  stone.  The  exports  consist  of  wheat,  barley, 
maize,  timber,  wool,  sponges,  raw  silk,  wine,  sosamum  seed, 
tobacco,  and  staves.  This  city  was  the  residence  of  Cicero 
during  a  part  of  his  exile;  it  was  raided  to  the  rank  of  a 
Roman  colony  by  Valerian.    See  Gulp  of  Salonica. 

Salonuni,  supposed  ancient  name  of  Salon. 

Sn'lop,  or  Shropshire,  shrop'shjr,  an  inland  county 
of  England,  bounded  W.  and  N.  by  AValos.  Area,  1314 
square  miles.  Pop.  236,324.  The  Severn  flows  through  its 
centre  from  N.W.  to  S.E. ;  its  S.  half  is  mountainous,  and 
here  breeding  cattle  and  dairying  are  carried  on  extensively. 
The  N.  half  is  comparatively  level,  and  the  land  is  chiefly 
under  tillage.  Near  the  Severn  are  fine  meadow-lands; 
'  orchards  are  numerous  in  the  S.,  and  hops  are  raised  on 
the  Herefordshire  border.  About  300,000  tons  of  coal  are 
raised  annually  in  the  E.,  besides  iron,  <tc.,  and  consumed 
in  the  iron-furnaces  there.  Lead  is  produced  in  the  AV., 
and  salt  both  in  the  N.  and  S.  The  county  is  traversed  by 
many  railway  lines  and  canals.  Shropshire  returns  ten 
members  to  the  House  of  Commons,  of  whom  four  are  sent 
by  the  county.     Capita^  Shrewsbury. 

Salor,  s&-1or',  a  river  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  flows 
into  the  Tagus  6  miles  N.  of  Salorino.     Length,  80  miles. 

Salorino,  s4-lo-ree'no,  a  villageof  Spain,  province  and 
61  miles  W.  of  Caceres,  near  the  Salor.     Pop.  1958. 

Salorno,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Tyrol.     See  Salurx. 
,      Salou,  S&-I00',  a  small  seaport  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia, 
province  and  8i  miles  S.W.  of  Tarragona. 

Saipe,  or  Salso,  Italy.    See  Lake  op  Lesina. 

Salpee,  s&l'pee, a  town  of  British  India,  presidency  of 
Bombay,  21  miles  N.E.  of  Sattarah. 

Sal  pi,  sil'pee,  a  lake  of  Italy,  province  and  22  miles  E. 
of  Foggia,  and  only  separated  from  the  Adriatic  by  a  very 
narrow  tongue  of  land.  Length,  from  S.E.  to  N.W.,  10 
miles  ;  breadth,  2  miles. 

Sal  Rey,  Cape  Verd  Islands.    See  Pobto  Sal  Rey. 

Salsbury's,  sawlz'b?r-riz,  a  station  on  the  Sacramento 
k  Placer ville  Railroad,  16  miles  E.  of  Sacramento,  Cal. 

Salsette,  saPsett'  (Port.  pron.  sil-sfit'ti),  an  island  of 
British  India,  immediately  N.  of  Bombay  Island,  with 
which  it  is  connected  by  a  narrow  causeway.  Length, 
18  miles;  breadth,  13  miles.  Pop.  over  50,000.  Chief 
town,  Tanna.    A  part  of  the  island  oelongs  to  Portugal. 

Salso,  s&l'so,  or  Fiume  Salso,  fe-oo'mi  sil'so,  i.e., 
"salt  river"  (xxna.  Hime'ra),  the  largest  river  of  Sicily, 
rising  in  the  Madonian  Mountains,  intcndency  of  Palermo, 
flowing  S.,  and  entering  the  Mediterranean  at  Alicata. 
Length,  70  miles.  Near  Castrogiovanni  it  receives  the 
waters  of  a  salt  spring,  whence  its  name. 


Sal  So'da,  a  post-office  of  Crenshaw  00.,  Ala.,  about  42 
miles  S.  of  Montgomery. 

Salso  Ala^Kiorc,  sil'so  m&d-jo'Hl,  a  village  t>C  lUly, 
20  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Parma.     Pop.  of  commune,  5882, 

Salta,  e&l't&,  tho  northernmost  province  of  the  Argon- 
tine  Republic,  extending  N.  of  lat.  26°  S.,  and  between 
Ion.  62°  and  68°  W.  Area,  32,515  square  niiks.  P-.p. 
88,933.  The  surface  is  very  much  diversified,  consisting 
alternately  of  ramifications  of  the  Andes,  fertile  valleys, 
and  wooded  or  pasture  lands.  Principal  rivers,  the  Saluio 
and  Upper  Vormejo. 

Salta,  a  city,  capital  of  the  above  province,  situated  on 
an  afilucnt  of  the  Salado,  180  miles  N.  of  Tucuman.  Lat. 
24°  15'  S.;  Ion.  64°  50'  W.  Pop.  11,716.  It  is  a  bishop'» 
see,  and  has  numerous  religious  edifices  and  a  college. 

Salt  (s&lt)  Air,  a  post-oflioe  of  Clermont  co.,  0. 

Saltairc,  silLlt'air,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  3 
miles  by  rail  from  Bradford.  It  was  built  by  Sir  Titus 
Salt,  and  stands  on  the  river  Aire.  It  has  extensive  manu- 
factures of  alpacas  and  worsted,  with  a  fine  park  and  com- 
modious public  buildings. 

Salt'ash,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Cornwall,  on  the 
Tamar,  Si  miles  N.W.  of  Devonport.     Pop.  2293. 

Salt  Bluff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ponder  00.,  N.C.,  on  Black 
River,  10  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  25  miles  N.W.  of  Wil- 
mington.    It  has  a  church. 

Salt'burn,  or  Saltburn-by-Sea,  a  town  and  sea* 
bathing  place  of  England,  co.  of  York,  at  the  mouth  of  a 
river,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Hartlepool. 

Salt  City,  a  post-village  of  Sumner  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Walton  township,  50  miles  S.  of  Wichita.  It  has  a  church, 
and  a  large  saline  spring  from  which  salt  is  procured. 

Salt'coats,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland,  00.  of  Ayr,  on 
the  Bay  of  Ayr,  24  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Glasgow.  Pop. 
4624.  It  has  a  neat  Gothic  church,  a  town  house,  a  library, 
reading-rooms,  docks,  and  rope-walks.  The  inhabitants 
are  chiefly  employed  in  weaving  and  sewing  muslins,  shawls, 
and  silks.     It  has  also  salt-works. 

Salt  Creek,  Illinois,  runs  westward  through  Do  Witt 
and  Logan  cos.,  and  enters  the  Sangamon  River  on  the  N. 
border  of  Menard  co.,  about  9  miles  N.  of  Petersburg.  It 
is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Salt  Creek,  Indiana,  rises  in  Brown  00.,  runs  south- 
westward  through  Monroe  co.,  and  enters  tho  East  Fork  of 
White  River  about  4  miles  S.W.  of  Bedford.  It  is  nearly 
90  miles  long. 

Salt  Creek,  Iowa,  runs  in  a  S.S.E.  direction,  and 
enters  the  Iowa  River  at  the  S.E.  corner  of  Tama  co. 

Salt  Creek,  Kansas,  rises  in  Rooks  co.,  runs  south- 
eastward, and  enters  Saline  River  in  Russell  co. 

Salt  Creek,  of  Gratiot  co.,  Mich.,  flows  into  Maple 
River. 

Salt  Creek,  Nebraska.     See  Saline  Creek. 

Salt  Creek,  Ohio,  drains  parts  of  Hocking  and  Vinton 
COS.,  runs  nearly  southward,  and  enters  the  Scioto  River  in 
Ross  CO.,  about  13  miles  S.E.  of  Chillicolhe. 

Salt  Creek,  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.,  enters  the  Mug 
kingum  River  from  the  N.  about  10  miles  below  Zanesville. 

Salt  Creek,  a  station  of  Pueblo  co.,  Col.,  on  the  Den- 
ver &  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  21  miles  S.  of  Pueblo. 

Salt  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  in  Addison  township,  Du 
Page  CO.,  III.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Pacific  Railroad,  19  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Chicago.     It  has  2  churches. 

Salt  Creek,  a  township  of  Mason  co..  111.     Pop.  1102. 

Salt  Creek,  a  township  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind.  P.  1687. 

Salt  Creek,  township,  Franklin  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1223. 

Salt  Creek,  a  station  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany 
k  Chicago  Railroad,  7  mile."!  N.W.  of  Bedford,  Ind. 

Salt  Creek,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Ind.     P.  1963. 

Salt  Creek,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  636. 

Salt  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Porter  co.,  Ind.,  about 
18  miles  S.W.  of  Michigan  City. 

Salt  Creek,  a  township  of  Davis  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  947. 

Salt  Creek,  a  township  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa.     P.  1062. 

Salt  Creek,  a  township  of  Chautauqua  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  479.     It  contains  Farmcrsburg. 

Salt  Creek,  township,  Mitchell  co.,  Kans.is.    Pop.  278. 

Salt  Creek,  township,  Lincoln  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  300 

Salt  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas 
Pop.  201. 

Salt  Creek,  a  post-oflSce  of  Perry  co.,  Ky. 

Salt  Creek,  a  township  of  Hocking  co.,  0.    Pop.  1179. 

Salt  Creek,  a  township  of  Holmes  co.,  0.    Pop.  1259. 

Salt  Creek,  township,  Muskingum  co.,  0.    Pop.  1131. 

Salt  Creek,  atownship  of  Pickaway  co.,0.    Pop.  1750. 

Salt  Creek,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  0.     Pop.  159.3. 

Salt  Creek,  Texas.    See  Red  Riveb  Statio.v. 


SAL 


2371 


SAL 


Salt  Creek,  a  village  of  Utah.     See  Nkphi. 

Salt  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Amherst  co.,  Va. 

Sal'tee  Islands,  two  small  islands  off  the  coast  of 
Ireland,  S.  of  the  co.  of  M'exford  ;  the  larger  of  the  islands 
lies  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Carnsovo  Point. 

Saltens-Elf,  s4rtons-51f',  a  river  of  Norway,  district 
of  Nordland,  after  a  N.W.  course  of  70  miles  enters  the 
Arctic  Ocean  by  a  wide  fiord  in  lat.  67°  12'  N. 

Salter's  (silt'§rz)  Depot,  a  post-office  of  Williams- 
burg CO.,  S.C.,  and  a  station  on  the  Northeastern  Railroad, 
68  miles  N.  of  Charleston.     It  has  4  stores. 

Saltersville,  silt'^rz-vil,  a  post-village  of  Hudson  co., 
N.J.,  on  the  Central  Railroad,  at  Painrapo  Station.  It  now 
forms  a  ward  of  the  city  of  Bayon.ne  (which  see). 

Salt  Fork,  Missouri.     See  Black  Rivkr. 

Saltholm,  silt'holm,  an  island  of  Denmark,  in  the 
Sound,  0  miles  E.S.E.  of  Copenhagen  and  W.N.W.  of  Mal- 
mci,  in  Sweden.     Length,  5  miles. 

Saltil'lo,  a  hamlet  of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind.,  10  miles  N. 
of  Lawrenceburg.  It  has  2  churches.  Here  is  Bright  Post- 
Office. 

Saltillo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jasper  co.,  Ind.,  about  44 
miles  N.  of  Lafayette. 

Saltillo,  a  post-village  of  Leo  co..  Miss.,  on  the  Mobile 
&  Ohio  Railroad,  41  miles  S.  of  Corinth.  It  has  3  churches. 
Pop.  148. 

Saltillo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Neb.,  on  Salt 
Creek,  and  on  the  Atchison  &  Nebraska  Railroad,  Si  miles 
S.  of  Lincoln.     It  has  a  church. 

Saltillo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Holmes  co.,  0.,  about  34 
miles  S.W.  of  Canton. 

Saltillo,  a  village  of  Clayton  township.  Perry  co.,  0.,  4 
miles  S.W.  of  Roscville.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  83. 

Saltillo,  a  post-borough  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
East  Broad  Top  Railroad,  19  miles  S.  of  Mount  Union.  It 
has  mineral  springs,  a  hotel,  a  public  hall,  a  steam  tannery, 
a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  300. 

Saltillo,  a  post-village  of  Hardin  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Tennessee  River,  about  45  miles  E.S.E.  of  Jackson.  It 
has  2  churches  and  an  academy.     Pop.  about  3U0. 

Saltillo,  a  post-office  of  Hopkins  co.,  Tex. 

Saltillo  (Sp.  pron.  sil-teel'yo),  a  town  of  Mexico,  state 
and  110  milesS.of  Cohahuila,ontheriverTigre.  P.  26,000. 

SaltilMoville,  a  post-village  of  AVashington  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  Railroad,  at  Sal- 
tillo Station,  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Salem.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Salt  Island,  one  of  the  British  West  India  Islands,  in 
the  Virgin  group,  S.E.  of  Tortola. 

Salt  Island,  an  island  in  the  district  of  Twillingato 
and  Fogo,  Newfoundland. 

Salt  Key  Bank,  about  90  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Florida, 
between  the  Grand  Bank  of  Bahama  and  Cuba  Island,  is 
62  miles  long  and  36  miles  wide  at  its  greatest  breadth. 
Its  W.  border  is  a  chain  of  barren  rocks,  called  the  Double- 
Headed  Sliot  Key,  the  northwcsternmost  of  which,  com- 
monly called  the  Elbow  Key,  contains  a  fixed  light.  Lat. 
23°  56'  24"  N. ;  Ion.  80°  27'  35"  AV. 

Salt  Keys,  some  islets  in  the  Bahamas,  and  off  the  N. 
coast  of  Cuba. 

Salt  Lake,  New  York.    See  O.vondaoa. 

Salt  Lake,  Utah.    See  Great  Salt  Lake. 

Salt  Lake,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Utah,  has  an 
area  of  about  784  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W. 
by  Great  Salt  Lake,  and  intersected  by  Jordan  River.  The 
surface  is  mostly  an  e.vtensive  valley  or  table-land,  bounded 
on  the  N.  and  E.  by  the  Wahsatch  Mountains,  which  here 
rise  nearly  12,000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea  and  pre- 
sent sublime  scenery.  The  soil  is  fertile  if  it  is  irrigated. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  barley,  wool,  lumber,  and  potatoes  are 
the  staple  products.  Gold,  silver,  lead,  and  copper  are  the 
principal  minerals  of  this  county,  and  it  has  quarries  of 
granite  and  limestone.  This  is  the  most  populous  county 
of  Utah.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Utah  Central,  Union 
Pacific,  Salt  Lake<&  Fort  Douglas,  and  Rio  Grande  &  West- 
ern Kailro.ads.  Capital,  Salt  Lake  City.  Pop.  in  1870, 
18,337;  in  1880,  31,977;  in  1890,  58>457. 

Salt  Lake  City,  capital  of  UUih  and  of  Salt  Lake  co., 
is  situated  near  the  E.  bank  of  the  .Jordan  River,  which 
connects  Great  Salt  Lake  with  Utah  Lake,  about  12  miles 
S.E.  of  the  Great  Salt  Lake,  and  4200  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  sea.  It  was  laid  out  in  1847,  in  the  midst  of  an 
unbroken  wilderness,  by  a  company  of  143  Mormons,  under 
the  leadership  of  Brigham  Young,  and  has  since  been  the 
head-quarters  of  the  Mormon  organization.  It  has  wide, 
straight  streets,  many  of  which  are  irrigated  by  streams  of 
running  water.     It  containa  a  city  hall,  a  large  religious 


edifice  called  the  Tabernacle,  Catholic,  Congregational, 
Episcopal,  Methodist,  and  Presbyterian  churches,  the  Uni- 
versity of  Deseret,  graded  schools,  a  public  library,  and 
a  national  bank.  Three  daily  newspapers  are  published 
here.  This  city  is  the  terminus  of  3  railroads, — the  Utah 
Central,  the  Utah  Southern,  and  the  Utah  Western.  Tht 
valley  in  which  it  is  situated  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  th« 
Wahsntch  Mountains,  which  are  covered  with  perpetual 
snow.  Pop.  in  1870, 12,854;  in  1880,20,768;  in  1890,44.843. 

Salt  Lick,  a  township  of  Perry  co.,  0.     Pop.  1349. 

Salt  Lick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  about 
35  miles  W.  of  Lock  Haven. 

Salt  Lick,  a  township  of  Fayette  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1209. 

Salt  Lick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Macon  co.,  Tenn.,  about 
35  miles  E.N.E.  of  Gallatin.     It  has  a  church. 

Salt  Lick  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Braxton  co.,  AV. 
Va.,  53  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Clarksburg.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Salto,  sirto,  an  important  town  of  Uruguay,  on  the 
Urugu.ay,  60  miles  N.  of  Paysandu.     Pop.  10,000. 

Salto  Grande,  sdl'to  grin'di,  a  lofty  cascade  of  Bra- 
zil, state  of  Minas-Geraes,  on  the  Cordillera  dos  Aimores, 
where  the  Jequitiniionha,  bursting  between  two  rocks,  boils 
in  caldrons  and  precipitates  itself  into  an  abyss  with  a 
noise  which  is  heard  at  the  distance  of  10  miles. 

Sal'ton,  a  station  of  Kanawha  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  tb« 
Kanawha  River,  and  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  3 
miles  E.  of  Charleston. 

Saltpetre,  silt-pe't?r,  post-office,  AVashington  co.,  0. 

Saltpetre  Cave,  a  post-hamlet  of  Botetourt  co.,  Va., 
on  the  James  River,  9  miles  above  Buchanan.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  flouring-mill,  and  2  saw-mills. 

Salt  Point,  a  township  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.      P.  1083. 

Salt  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
AA'^appinger's  Creek  and  the  Poughkeepsie  &  Eastern  Rail- 
road, lOJ  miles  N.E.  of  Poughkeepsie.  It  has  a  grist-mill, 
a  saw-mill,  and  a  church. 

Salt  Pond,  a  township  of  Saline  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  2395. 
It  contains  Brownsville. 

Salt  Range,  an  extensive  mountain-group  of  the  Pun- 
jab, extending  S.E.  from  the  Khyber  or  Teora  Range,  on 
the  N.E.  confines  of  Afghanistan,  to  the  Jhylum,  a  distance 
of  nearly  200  miles.  Most  of  the  torrents  of  the  Salt  Range 
carry  down  gold  dust  in  their  sands. 

Salt  River,  Kentucky,  is  formed  of  three  branches, 
called  the  Rolling  Fork,  East  Fork,  and  Beech  River.  The 
first  and  third  of  these  unite  on  the  line  between  Hardin 
and  Nelson  cos.,  about  11  miles  N.E.  of  Elixabethtown. 
(See  Rolli.no  Fork.)  The  East  Fork,  or  Salt  River  proper, 
rises  in  Boyle  co.,  and  runs  northward  through  Mercer  co. 
It  finally  runs  westward  through  Spencer  and  Bullitt  cos., 
and  unites  with  the  Salt  River,  or  Rolling  Fork,  9  miles 
S.AV.  of  Shepherdsville.  The  main  river  enters  the  Ohio 
River  at  AA'est  Point,  about  10  miles  from  the  junction  of 
the  East  Fork  and  Rolling  Fork. 

Salt  River,  Missouri,  is  formed  by  its  North,  Middle, 
and  South  Forks,  the  first  of  which  is  the  main  river  or 
branch.  This  rises  in  Schuj'ler  co.,  and  runs  in  a  S.S.B. 
direction  to  Monroe  co.  It  next  runs  eastward  through 
Ralls  CO.,  and  enters  the  Mississippi  River  in  Pike  co., 
about  2  miles  above  Louisiana.  It  is  nearly  200  miles 
long.  The  Middle  Fork  rises  in  Macon  co.,  runs  southward 
into  Monroe  co.,  and  enters  Salt  River  at  Florida.  The 
South  Fork  runs  northward  through  Audrain  co.,  and  joins 
the  Middle  Fork  about  3  miles  S.AV.  of  Florida. 

Salt  River,  a  post-village  in  Coe  township,  Isabella 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  a  river  of  its  own  name,  12  miles  N.N.AV.  of 
St.  Louis.     It  has  a  church. 

Salt  River,  a  township  of  Adair  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1164. 

Salt  River,  a  township  of  Audrain  co.,  Mo.     P.  5602. 

Salt  River,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  2120. 

Salt  River,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  379. 

Salt  River,  a  township  of  Ralls  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1337. 

Salt  River,  a  township  of  Randolph  co..  Mo.    P.  782. 

Salt  River,  a  township  of  Schuyler  co.,  Mo.    P.  1115* 

Salt  River,  a  township  of  Shelby  co..  Mo.     P.  1986. 

Salt  Rock,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  0.     Pop.  351. 

Salts'burg,  a  village  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  in  North 
Versailles  township,  on  the  Monongahela  River,  and  on  the 
Pittsburg,  AVashington  &  Baltimore  Railroad,  12  miles  S.K. 
of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  500. 

Saltsburg,  a  post-borough  in  Conemaugh  township, 
Indiana  co..  Pa.,  at  the  union  of  the  Conemaugh  River  and 
Loyalhanna  Creek  (which  form  the  Kiskiminetaa  River), 
and  on  the  AA'estern  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  50  miles  by 
rail  or  28  miles  by  direct  line  E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2 
banks,  a  newspaper  office,  6  churches,  and  the  Memorial 
Institute.     Pop.  in  1890,  1088. 


SAL 


2372 


SAL 


Salt  Sea,  Palestine.    See  Dead  Sea. 
Salt  Springs,  a  post-offioo  of  Douglu  oo.,  Ga.,  17 
ttiiles  W.  of  Atlanta.     Hero  arc  2  churches. 

Salt  Springs,  a  township  of  Greenwood  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  0U5.     It  contains  Charleston. 

Suit  Springs,  a  ()08t-villa);euf  Saline  CO.,  Mo.,  13  miles 
from  Urowiisvillo  Station.  It  has  a  church,  aoarriagu-shop, 
and  several  saline  springs. 

Salt  Springs,  a  post-settlement  in  Kings  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  16  miles  from  Susse.x.    There  are  copious  salt 
springs  here,  from  which  salt  is  made.     Pop.  150. 
Salt  Springs,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Molkt  Tnou. 
Saltsprings  Island.    See  Admiral  Island. 
Salt  Spring  Valley,  post-office,  Calaveras  co.,  Cal. 
Salt  Spring'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y., 
6  miles  N.  of  Cherry  Valley.     It  has  a  church,  a  cheese- 
factory,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Salt  Sul'phur  Springs,  a  post-office  and  summer 
resort  of  Monroe  co.,  W.  Va.,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Lewis- 
burg.  It  is  surrounded  by  attractive  mountain-scenery, 
and  has  medicinal  springs  which  contain  salts  of  magnesia, 
■oda,  and  lime.  It  has  a  church  and  a  girls'  seminary. 
Salt  Trace,  a  post-office  of  Harlan  co.,  Ky. 
Salt'ville,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.,  Kansas,  about 
60  miles  N.W.  of  Salina.     Hero  is  a  great  salt  spring. 

Salt'ville,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Va.,  1 
mile  from  the  North  Fork  of  the  Holston  River,  and  about 
17  miles  E.N.E.  of  Abingdon.  It  is  the  terminus  of  a 
branch  of  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &,  Ohio  Railroad,  and 
has  2  churches  and  a  free  academy,  also  manufactures  of 
salt  and  plaster.  Here  are  mines  of  rock  salt  which  is  as- 
sociated with  gypsum. 

Saltwedel,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Salkwedel. 
Salt  Well,  a  post-office  of  Nicholas  co.,  Ky. 
Salt  Wells,  a  station  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad, 
28  miles  E.  of  Green  River  City,  Wyoming. 
Saltzburg,  a  city  of  Austria.    See  Salzburg. 
Salu'bria,  a  post-office  of  Ada  co.,  Idaho. 
Salu'brity,a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Pickens  co., 
B.C.,  about  18  miles  AV.  by  S.  of  Greenville.     Pop.  1367. 
Saluces,  the  French  name  of  Saluzzo. 
Salu'da,  a  post-office  of  Lamar  co.,  Ala. 
Saluda,  a  station  in  Knox  co.,  III.,  on  the  Chicago, 
Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Galesburg. 

Saluda,  a  post-township  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ind.,  about 
10  miles  S.W.  of  Madison.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Ohio  River.     Pop.  1682. 

Saluda,  a  post-village  and  station  of  Polk  co.,  N.C., on 

the  Spartanburg  &  Asheville  Railroad.     It  has  3  churches. 

Saluda,  a  township  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1761. 

Saluda,  a  township  of  Lexington  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  792. 

Saluda,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Middlesex  co.,  Va., 

near  the  Rappahannock  River,  about  50  miles  E.  by  N.  of 

Richmond.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Saluda  Old  ToAvn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Newberry  co., 
S.C.i  on  the  Saluda  River,  and  on  the  Greenville  &  Columbia 
Railroad,  59  miles  W.N.W.  of  Columbia.  It  has  4  stores 
and  a  hotel. 

Saluda  River,  South  Carolina,  rises  in  the  Blue  Ridge, 
near  the  N.  border  of  Pickens  co.  It  runs  first  in  a  S.S.E. 
direction,  and  forms  the  boundary  between  the  cos.  of  An- 
derson, Abbeville,  and  Edgefield  on  the  right,  and  Green- 
ville, Laurens,  and  Newberry  on  the  left.  Its  general  di- 
rection is  southeastward,  and  it  unites  with  the  Broad 
River  to  form  the  Congaree  River  at  Columbia.  It  is  about 
200  miles  long. 

Saluen,  British  Burmah.    See  Salwin. 
Saluggia,  sd-lood'ji,  a  town  of  Italy,  20  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Vercelli.     Pop.  3960. 

Salunga,  sa-lung'ga,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co., 

Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Lan- 

easter  City.     It  has  2  general  stores  and  1  or  2  flour-mills. 

Sa^lur',  a  town  of  India,  district  and  about  55  miles  N. 

of  Vizagapatam.     Pop.  10,633. 

Salu'ria,  a  post-village  of  Calhoun  co.,  Tex.,  on  Mata- 
gorda Island,  very  near  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  about  120 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Galveston. 

Sal  urn,  si-loonn',  or  Salorno,  si-IoR'no,  a  town  of 
Austria,  in  Tyrol,  19  miles  S.S.W.  of  Botzen.  Pop.  1778. 
Salu'via,  a  post-office  of  Fulton  co..  I'a. 
Saluzzo,  s4-loot'so  (Fr.  Saluces,  siUiiss'),  a  city  of 
North  Itiily,  province  of  Coni,  on  a  railway,  and  on  an 
affluent  of  the  Po,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Coni.  Pop.  9796.  It 
consists  of  an  upper  town,  on  a  height  crowned  by  a  magnifi- 
cent castle,  now  used  as  a  prison,  and  a  lower  town,  with  a 
handsome  cathedral.  It  has  manufactures  of  silk,  leather, 
hats,  and  hardwares. 


Saluzzola,sil-loot'Bo-l&,  a  town  of  Italy,  32  miles N.E. 
of  Turin,  on  the  Elvo.     Pop.  2139. 

Salvador,  San,  America.    See  San  Salvador. 
Salvage  (sai'v^j)  Island,  one  of  the  Falkland  group, 
in  South  America,  is  in  lat.  51°  1'  S.,  Ion.  61°  6'  W. 

Salvages,  sAl-vi'iiis,  a  group  of  rocky  iglands  in  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  between  the  Canary  and  Madeira  Islands, 
about  lat.  30°  N.,  Ion.  16°  W.  The  Great  Piton  or  Great 
Salvage  yields  orchil. 

Salvaleon,  s&l-v&-1&-Qn'  (ano.  Interamni  f),  a  town  of 
Spain,  20  niilcs  S.S.E.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  2876. 

Salvaterra  de  Alagos,  ell-vd-t6ii'iii  di  mi'goce,  a 
town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Estremadura,  near  the  left 
bank  of  the  Tagus,  31  miles  N.E.  of  Lisbon.     Pop.  2'160. 

Salvaterra  do  Extreme,  s41-vi-t4R'ni  do  fix-trA'mo, 
a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Beira,  on  the  Spanish 
frontier,  28  miles  E.  of  Castello  Branco.     Pop.  1187. 

Salvaticrra,  8il-vl-te-4R'ii4,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Es- 
tremadura, province  and  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cacercs,  on  a 
mountain-slope  near  the  Tanuja.     Pop.  1152. 

Salvatierra  de  los  Barros,  sil-vl-te-iu'iii  di  loce 
ban'Roce,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  23  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Badajos.     Pop.  2876. 

Salve,  sil'vi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Lecce,  S.E. 
of  Gallipoli.     Pop.  2369. 

Salvctat,  La,  France.     See  La  Salvetat, 
Salviac,  sJirve-ik',  a  village  of  France,  in  Lot,  9  miles 
S.W.  of  Gourdon.     Pop.  1055. 

Salvi'sa,  a  post-village  of  Mercer  co.,  Ky.,  20  miles  S. 
of  Frankfort.     It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  153, 

Sal  win,  sMVin',  SaPween',  Sal'wen',  or  Saluen, 
sirwfin',  called  also  Thanlweng,  th4n-lw4ng',  or  Than- 
lyeng,  a  large  river  of  British  Burmah,  rises  near  the 
border  of  Thibet,  flows  S.,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of  Marta- 
ban  by  a  broad  mouth,  on  opposite  sides  of  which  are  tha 
towns  of  Martaban  and  Maulmain.  It  is  a  noble  stream, 
flowing  through  a  richly-wooded  country,  and  navigable  to 
a  considerable  distance  from  the  sea. 

Salwin,  Salwen,  or  Salween,  a  district  in  the  N. 
part  of  Tenasserim,  British  Burmah.  Area,  4646  square 
miles.     Pop.  26,117. 

Salyersville,  sJil'y?rz-vil,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Magoffin  CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  Licking  River,  about  90  miles  E. 
by  S.  of  Lexington.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  106. 
Salympria,  a  river  of  Thessaly.  See  Salembuia. 
Salzach,  s&lt'siK,  or  Salza,  silt's&,  a  river  of  Aus- 
tria, rises  in  the  Alps,  18  miles  W.  of  the  Gross  Glockner, 
flows  E.  and  N.,  and  joins  the  Inn  6  miles  N.E.  of  Burg- 
hausen.     Length,  130  miles. 

Salzbrunn,  s&lts'broon,  New,  Lower,  and  Upper,  3 
contiguous  villages  of  Prussian  Silesia,  35  miles  S.W.  of 
Breslau.     United  pop.  6639. 

Salzburg,  or  Saltzburg,  silts'burg  (Ger.  pron. 
slLlts'booRG  ;  anc.  Jitva'vum,  or  Juva'via),  a  city  of  Austria, 
capital  of  the  duchy  of  Salzburg,  on  the  Salzach,  156  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Vienna.  Lat.  47°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  13°  1'  E.  It 
stands  in  a  narrow  defile,  half  encircled  by  the  Noric  Alps, 
through  an  opening  in  which  the  Salzach  passes  out  to  join 
the  Inn.  The  town  is  divided  by  the  Salzach  into  two  un- 
equal parts,  the  greater  of  which  is  on  the  left  bank,  where 
it  is  overtopped  by  a  lofty  height,  crowned  by  a  magnificent 
old  castle.  The  superabundance  of  marble  employed  in  the 
construction  of  the  houses  has  a  striking  effect,  but  the  older 
streets  are  narrow,  crooked,  and  gloomy.  It  has  two  fine 
squares,  adorned  respectively  with  a  beautiful  statue  of 
white  marble,  45  feet  high,  and  a  noble  bronze  statue  of 
the  Virgin,  by  Ilagenau.  Between  the  two  squares  stands 
the  cathedral,  a  heavy  Italian  structure,  410  feet  long  by 
250  feet  broad,  and  adjoining  it  is  the  archbishop's  palace, 
an  extensive  edifice,  now  partly  used  as  public  offices.  In 
the  same  neighborhood  is  the  collegiate  church  of  St.  Peter, 
with  a  monument  to  Haydn,  and  a  cemetery  remarkable  for 
the  number  of  curious  ancient  tombs  which  it  contains. 
The  castle,  long  since  dismantled,  was  once  the  residence  of 
the  archbishops,  who  were  princes  of  the  German  Empire 
and  had  temporal  sovereignty.  The  town  is  on  one  of  the 
railway  lines  from  Vienna  to  Munich. 

The  manufactures  of  the  town  consist  chiefly  of  leather, 
ironware,  cotton  goods,  and  majolica.  Salzburg  is  the  see 
of  an  archbishop,  the  seat  of  superior  courts  and  offices, 
and  possesses  a  lyceum,  with  an  extensive  and  valuable 
library,  a  gymnasium,  several  industrial  and  other  schools, 
a  physical  and  zoological  museum,  botanical  garden,  deaf 
and  dumb  institution,  lunatic  asylum,  large  house  of  cor- 
rection, theatre,  and  several  hospitals.  It  is  a  place  of  great 
antiquity.  The  Roman  town  was  destroyed  by  Attila  in 
448,  and  was  rebuilt  by  the  dukes  of  Bavaria.  A  succesaion 


SAL 


2373 


SAM 


of  archbishops  continued  to  govern  it  till  1802,  when  it  was 
Beculiirized  and  passed  to  Austria  in  1814.    P.  (1890)  27,741. 

Salzburg,  a  crown-land  and  duchy  of  Austria  (Cislei- 
thania).  Area,  2767  square  miles.  It  is  a  rugged,  moun- 
tainous country,  intersected  by  numerous  valleys,  of  which 
that  of  the  Salzach  is  the  principal.  The  minerals  are  very 
valuable,  and  include  gold,  silver,  lead,  copper,  cobalt,  iron, 
Bait,  and  marble.     Pop.  in  1890,  173,510. 

Salzburg  (Fr.  Chdtean-Salina,  sh^Ho'-siMiN"'),  a  town 
of  Germany,  in  Lorraine,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Nancy.  P.  2149. 

Salzburg,  sawlz'bQrg,  a  post-village  of  Bay  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  Jackson,  Lansing  &,  Saginaw  llailroad,  1  mile  S.  of 
West  Bay  City,  and  12  miles  N.  of  East  Saginaw. 

Salzderhelden,  s3,U3'd?r-h6rd§n,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
Hanover,  on  the  Leine,  2  miles  S.E.  of  Eimbeck.     P.  1100. 

Salzdettfurth,  silts'd§tt-fooiit\  a  village  of  Prussia, 
in  Hanover,  7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hildesheim,  on  the  Lamme. 
Pop.  1113. 

Salze,  Gross,  groce  silt'si,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Magdeburg.     Pop.  2932. 

Salzgitter,  silts'ghit-t^r,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Han- 
over, 20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Hildesheim.     Pop.  1848. 

Salzgrub,  a  town  of  Transylvania.     See  Kolos. 

Salzkammergut,  silts-kdm'm^r-goot,  a  district  of 
Upper  Austria  and  Styria.  Area,  336  square  miles.  Pop. 
17,500.  The  soil  is  unprofitable,  but  valuable  salt-mines 
are  wrought  here  on  account  of  the  government.  Capital, 
Gmunden. 

Salzkotten,  silts'kotH^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  West- 
phalia, 45  miles  S.S.W.  of  Minden.     Pop.  2067. 

Salzuflen,  silt'soo-fl?n,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Lippe- 
Detmold,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Detmold.     Pop.  2474. 

Salzungen,  silt'soong-en,  a  town  of  Saxe-Meiningen, 
on  the  Werra,  19  miles  N.N.W.  of  Meiningen.  Pop.  3724. 
It  has  salt-works,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  linens, 
and  leather. 

Salzwedel,  silts'MM?!,  or  Saltwedel,  silt'wiM?], 
a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  54  miles  N.N.W.  of  Magde- 
burg, on  the  Jetze,  in  lat.  52°  51'  N.,  Ion.  11°  17'  E.  Pop. 
8344.  It  has  a  gymnasium,  and  manufactures  of  woollen, 
cotton,  and  linen  fabrics. 

Samadang,  sd,-mi-d2,ng',  a  town  of  Java,  125  miles 
S.E.  of  Batavia. 

Samadura,  an  island  of  India.    See  Sivana. 

Samaeil,  si-mi-il',  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  Oman,  45 
miles  W.  of  Muscat. 

Samaipata,  si-mi- pi'tS.,  a  small  {own  of  Bolivia,  70 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Santa  Cruz  de  la  Sierra. 

Samakov,  si-mi-kov',  a  town  of  Bulgaria,  30  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Sophia.  Pop.  7000.  It  is  enclosed  by  substantial 
walls,  and  has  iron-works. 

Samalood,  Sanialond,  sJ-mi-lood',  or  Same- 
lood,  sd-m^h-lood',  a  town  of  Egypt,  province  of  Bcni- 
Sooef,  on  the  Nile,  15  miles  N.  of  Minieh. 

Samambaia,  si-m3,m-b!'&,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state 
of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  district  of  Cantagallo. 

Samana,  si-ml-ni',  a  peninsula  on  the  N.E.  coast  of 
the  island  of  Hayti,  republic  of  Santo  Domingo,  stretching 
from  W.  to  E.  32  miles.  It  is  11  miles  across  at  its  greatest 
breadth,  and  is  terminated  at  its  E.  end  by  Cape  Samana. 
Lat.  19°  18'  N.;  Ion.  69°  8'  W.  There  formerly  existed  a 
water  communication  across  its  west  end,  separating  it  from 
the  island  of  Hayti,  so  that  what  is  now  a  peninsula  was 
once  an  island.  Its  soil  is  extremely  fertile;  to  a  great 
extent  it  is  covered  with  timber,  suited  both  for  ship-build- 
ing and  cabinet-work.  It  contains  copper,  gold,  and  bitu- 
minous coal. 

Samana,  a  name  of  Atwood's  Key,  Bahamas. 

Samana,  or  Santa  Barbara  de  Samana,  sdn'ti 
bar'bi-rA  di,  sA-mi-ni',  a  town  of  Santo  Domingo,  on  the 
N.  side  of  Samana  Bay,  15  miles  N.  of  Savana  la  Mar.  It 
exports  tobacco,  cacao,  wax,  honey,  hides,  and  mahogany. 
Pop.  1000. 

Samana  Bay,  Santo  Domingo,  on  the  S.  side  of  the 
peninsula  of  Samana,  is  about  43  miles  in  length  from  E.  to 
W.,  by  about  8  miles  broad,  and  at  its  W.  end  receives  the 
Yuma,  the  largest  river  in  the  Dominican  Republic.  It 
forms  one  of  the  finest  harbors  in  the  world,  and  may  be 
regarded  as  a  most  important  maritime  position  in  reference 
to  the  trade  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  the  inter-oceanic 
routes  across  Central  America,  both  in  a  commercial  and 
a  military  point  of  view. 

Samanco,  s3,-m3,n'ko,  a  bay  on  the  coast  of  Peru,  be- 
tween the  bays  of  Casma  and  Ferrol,  in  lat.  9°  15'  30"  S., 
Ion.  78°  32'  45"  W.  It  extends  about  6  miles  from  N.W. 
to  S.E.,  with  a  width  of  3  miles,  and  is  the  most  extensive 
barbor  on  the  Peruvian  coast  N.  of  Callao. 


Saman'tha,  a  post-hamlet  of  Highland  co.,  0.,  4  mile« 
S.  of  Lexington  Station,  and  about  36  miles  W.  of  Chilli* 
cothe.     It  has  2  churches. 

Samanud,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Semenood. 

Samar,  s3,-mau',  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
forming  a  province  of  the  Philippines.  It  is  washed  on  the 
E.  by  the  Pacific,  and  is  separated  on  the  N.  from  Luzon 
by  the  Strait  of  Bernardino,  and  on  the  S.  from  Leyte  by 
the  narrow  channel  of  San  Juanico.  Length,  147  miles ; 
breadth,  about  50  miles.  It  is  thickly  wooded,  has  rivers 
of  considerable  size,  and  lofty  and  rugged  mountains.  In 
these  latter  iron-stone  and  gold  are  found  and  copper  is 
said  to  exist.  The  people  cultivate  cocoa  palms  for  oil, 
rice,  and  cacao.  Samar  produces  also  manila  hemp,  wax, 
mother-of-pearl,  Ignatius  beans,  pearls,  tortoise-shell,  in- 
digo said  to  equal  that  of  Guatemala,  and  trepang.  The 
inhabitants  are  mostly  descendants  of  Spaniards  by  Indian 
mothers ;  they  trade  with  the  other  Philippines  and  the 
Pelew  Islands.     Capital,  Catbalogan.     Pop.  110,103. 

Samara,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Somme. 

Samara,  s3,-mi-ri',  a  river  of  Russia,  flows  W.,  and 
joins  the  Dnieper  4  miles  S.E.  of  Yekaterinoslav.  Length, 
150  miles. 

Samara,  a  river  of  Russia,  governments  of  Orenboorg 
and  Samara,  after  a  W.  course  of  280  miles  joins  the  Volga 
at  Samara.     Principal  affluents,  the  Tok  and  Kincl. 

Samara,  a  town  of  Russia,  capital  of  a  government  of 
the  same  name,  100  miles  S.E.  of  Simbeersk,  on  a  height, 
at  the  confluence  of  the  Samara  with  the  Volga.  Pop.  75,300. 
It  was  founded  in  1591,  and  is  a  bishop's  see.  It  has  a 
cathedral,  and  an  extensive  trade  in  cattle  and  sheep,  salt 
fish,  caviare,  skins,  leather,  and  tallow. 

Samara,  a  government  in  the  E.  of  European  Russia, 
having  the  Volga  on  the  AV.,  and  extending  E.  to  hills 
which  are  the  S.W.  extension  of  the  Ural  Mountains.  Area, 
60,198  square  miles.     Capital,  Samara.     Pop.  1,837,081. 

Samarabriva,  the  ancient  name  of  Amiens. 

Samarang,  si-mi-ring',  a  fortified  seaport  town  of 
Java,  capital  of  a  province,  on  its  N.  coast,  near  the  mouth 
of  the  Samarang  River,  210  miles  E.S.E.  of  Batavia.  Lat. 
6°  57'  S.;  Ion.  110°  27'  E.  A  railway  connects  it  with 
Djokjokarta.  Pop.  60,000,  including  many  Chinese.  It  is 
well  built,  and  has  a  large  church,  town  hall,  military 
school,  hospital,  theatre,  and  an  extensive  trade.  Its  har- 
bor is  not  good,  and  the  town  is  unhealthy  from  contiguous 
morasses,  and  owes  its  importance  solely  to  the  adjacent 
country,  which  yields  large  quantities  of  coffee,  pepper, 
rice,  sugar,  and  tobacco.  Samarang  is  the  residence  of  a 
Dutch  governor,  and  the  seat  of  one  of  the  three  principal 
law  courts  of  Java.     Pop.  of  residency,  1,696,896. 

Samarate,  si-mi-ri'ti,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Milan,  2  miles  E.  of  Gallarate.     Pop.  2726. 

Samarcand,  sJ-man-kind'  (anc.  Maracan'da),  a  city 
of  Asiatic  Russia,  capital  of  the  province  of  Zerafshan,  130 
miles  E.  of  Bokhara,  on  the  Zerafshan.  Lat.  39°  50'  N. ; 
Ion.  66°  50'  E,  Pop.  about  30,000.  It  has  greatly  declined 
in  importance;  the  area  within  its  walls  is  mostly  occuj)ied 
with  gardens,  and  of  the  40  colleges  which  it  formerly  had, 
only  3  remain  perfect.  This  city  is  regarded  with  great 
veneration  in  Central  Asia,  and  it  possesses  the  tomb  of 
Tamerlane,  under  whom  it  was  the  capital  of  one  of  the 
largest  empires  ever  known,  and  the  centre  of  Asiatic  learn- 
ing and  commerce.  It  has  several  bazaars  and  large  khans, 
and  many  elegant  though  decayed  public  edifices,  and  it 
is  still  an  entrepot  for  caravan  trade.  Its  climate,  abun- 
dance of  fruit  and  water,  and  the  beauty  of  its  vicinity,  have 
caused  it  to  be  highly  eulogized  by  Asiatic  poets. 

Samaria,  si-mi're-a,  an  ancient  province  of  Palestine, 
between  the  river  Jordan  and  the  Mediterranean,  having 
on  the  N.  Galilee,  and  on  the  S.  Judea.  It  comprised  the 
towns  of  Sebaste,  Neapolis,  Ginoea,  and  Scythopolis,  with 
Mounts  Gilboa  and  Little  Hermon.  The  ancient  city  of 
Samaria,  built  by  Omri,  King  of  Israel,  about  925  B.C.,  was 
the  capital  of  the  ten  tribes.  After  its  destruction  by  John 
Ilyreanus  it  was  rebuilt  by  Herod,  and  called  Sebaste.  See 
also  Sebustieh. 

Samaria,  sa-ma're-a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  Cincinnati  &  Martinsville  Railroad,  9^  mile* 
S.W.  of  Franklin.     It  has  a  church. 

Samaria,  a  post-haralet  of  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Toledo  &  Ann  Arbor  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Toledo,  0.  It 
has  a  store. 

Samarrah,  si-mar'ri,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,.  65 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Bagdad,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Tigris,  and 
consisting  of  about  250  houses.  It  has  two  handsome  Mo- 
hammedan tombs  with  cupolas,  one  particularly  venerated 
by  the  Sheeah  sect  and  visited  annually  by  at  least  10,000 


SAM 


2874 


SAM 


Moh&mmod»ns.  About  )  mile  N.  is  »  curious  spiral  tower, 
also  the  remains  of  «  oollege  and  tmees  of  a  palace.  The 
whole  neighborhood  is  covered  with  ruins. 

Sanias«i»  si-m&s'see,  a  village  of  Sardinia,  22  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  2303. 

Samataii)  s&^m&^tAM"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Qera,  on 
the  Save,  I  mile  N.B.  of  Lorabei.     Pop.  of  commune,  2403. 

Samava^  8&-rad'v&,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  on  the 
Euphrates,  38  miles  S.E.  of  Lcmloom. 

Sambai-Contai,  s&m'bl-kon'tl,  a  villivgo  of  West 
Africa,  in  Bondoo.  in  Int.  14°  41'  N.,  Ion.  12°  25'  W. 

Sambas,  s&m^b&s',  a  river  of  the  island  of  Borneo,  rises 
near  the  S.  frontier  of  the  state  of  Snmbas,  flows  N.W.  for 
60  miles,  then  turns  S.W.,  and  enters  the  Strait  of  Cari- 
mata.  Length,  about  100  miles.  It  contains  a  good  deal 
of  gold  in  its  snnds. 

Sainbns,  a  state  on  the  W.  coast  of  Borneo,  forming  a 
dependency  in  the  Dutch  residency  of  Pontianak.  It  is  in 
the  shape  of  a  triangle,  each  side  of  which  measures  about 
100  miles,  and  is  separated  from  Sarawak  by  the  Krim- 
bang  Mountains.  It  Is  watered  by  the  Sambas,  its  prin- 
cipal stream,  the  Selakoo,  Siakawan,  Ac.  It  contains  the 
richest  gold-mines  in  Borneo,  and  produces  coffee  and  cotton. 
The  state  is  very  populous,  and  is  nominally  governed  by  a 
Mohammedan  sultan. 

Sambas,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Borneo,  on  a  low 
narshy  site,  near  the  left  bank  of  the  Sambas,  about  .30 
miles  from  the  sea,  about  lat.  1°  15'  N.,  Ion.  109°  20'  E., 
It  is  the  seat  of  the  sultan  and  of  a  Dutch  assistant  resident. 
The  houses  are  raised  above  the  ground  on  piles,  and  the 
sultan's  palace  is  a  large  building,  surrounded  by  a  fortifica- 
tion.    Pop.  10,000. 

Sambatikila,8im-bi-te-kee'l&,atown  of  West  Africa, 
in  the  Mandinj;o  country.     Lat.  10°  N.;  Ion.  6°  60'  W. 

Sam>BaudilIo-de-Llobregat,  sim-bow-Decl'yo- 
di-Io-bri-git',  commonly  called  Sanboy,  sin-boy',  or 
Semboy,  sfim-boy',  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  6 
miles  W.  of  Barcelona,  on  the  Llobregat. 

Sambaya,  a  river  of  Java.    See  Solo  Bengawak. 

Sam'ber,  Sambhara,  sim-b&'ri,  or  Sacambhari, 
gj-kiin-bi'ree,  a  town  of  India,  44  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ajmeor, 
in  lat.  26°  53'  N.,  Ion.  74°  57'  K  On  its  N.E.side  is  a  large 
salt  lake. 

Sambiase,  sim-be-i'si,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Ciitanzaro,  6  miles  W.  of  Nieastro.     Pop.  7258. 

Sambilan,s&m-be-l&n',orSambilang,8&m-be-1ing', 
or  Nine  Islands,  a  group  of  islands  in  the  Strait  of  Ma- 
lacca, in  lat.  4°  5'  N.,  Ion.  100°  35'  E. 

Samboanga,  sim-bo-ing'gi,  Samboangan,  skm- 
bo-ing-gin',  orNuestra  Seftora  del  Pilar  de  Zara- 
goza,  nw5s'tr&  sfin-yo'ri  ddl  pe-lan'  d4  thi-rS.-go'thS,,  a 
town  of  the  Philippine  Islands,  on  the  S.W.  extremity  of 
the  island  of  Mindanao,  in  lat.  6°  64'  30"  S.,  Ion.  122°  8'  E. 
It  occupies  a  low  site  on  the  shore,  at  the  mouth  of  a  small 
stream,  and  is  an  important  fortress. 

Sambor,  s&ra'bou,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Galicia,  on  the 
Dniester,  40  miles  S.W.  of  Lemberg,  in  lat.  49°  32'  N.,  Ion. 
23°  17'  E.  Pop.  11,749.  It  has  a  mining  intendency,  and 
a  gymnasium,  with  manufactures  of  linens,  bleoch-fields, 
and  extensive  salt-works.  Stary  (sti'ree)  SAMBon  is  on 
the  Dniester,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Sambor.     Pop.  2849. 

Sam'bourn,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Warwick,  33 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Alcester.     Pop.  583. 

Sambracitanns  Sinus.    See  Gulf  op  GniMAUD. 

Sambre,  simb'r  (Fr.  pron.s6Mb'r;  anc.  Sa'bis),  a  river 
of  France  and  Belgium,  rises  in  the  French  department  of 
Aisne,  flows  E.N.E.,  and  joins  the  Meuse  at  Namur,  in  Bel  - 
•giura.  Total  course,  100  miles.  Its  afiluents  are  the  Helpe 
and  Solre.  In  Belgium  the  Sambre  communicates  by  canals 
with  the  Sonne  and  Scheldt,  and  the  Canal  of  the  Sambre, 
France,  connects  it  with  the  Canal  of  Saint-Quentin. 

Sambro,  sim^bro',  a  post-hamlet  in  Halifax  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  Atlantic,  20  miles  from  Halifax.     Pop.  200. 

Sambuca,  sim-boo'ki,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  and 
near  Girgenti.     Pop.  8673. 

Sambiicca,  sim-book'kS,,  a  village  of  Central  Italy,  in 
Tuscany,  27  miles  N.N.W.  of  Florence.     Pop.  5703. 

Samcori,  Gulf  of  Siam.     See  Koh-Phano. 

Sameanda,  the  native  name  of  Lapland. 

Samelood,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Samalood. 

Samer,  si^maiR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Pas-de-Calais,  8 
miles  S.E.  of  Boulogne.     Pop.  1494. 
■Sam  Francisco,  Brazil.    See  Sao  Francisco. 

Samhood,  or  Samhoud,  slm-hood',  a  town  of  Egypt, 
province  and  15  miles  S.E.  of  Girgeh. 

Sami,  si'moe,  a  town  of  West  Africa,  in  Bambarra,  on 
the  Jolibai  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  6ego. 


Sa'mish,  a  post-hamlet  of  Whatcom  co.,  Washington, 
on  Bcllingham  Bay,  about  70  miles  N.  of  Seivttle. 

Sam  Jufto.  See  Sao  Joao;  and  so  with  all  other  Por- 
tugucse  miiiH's  with  the  prefix  San  or  San. 

Sanilensk,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Scmlian.sk. 

Samminiatu,  a  town  of  Itftly.    See  San  Miniato. 

Sam'muns  linud'iug,  post-olflce,  Ooeana  co.,  Mioh. 

Sam'monsville,  a  iKwt-villnge  of  Fulton  co.,  N.Y., 
about  44  miles  W.N.W.  of  Albany.  It  hivs  a  church,  a 
grist-mill,  a  deer-skin-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  4  stores.  Pop. 
about  250. 

Sammy  Swamp,  a  township  of  Clarendon  co.,  S.C 
Pop.  960. 

Samo'an  or  Nav'igator*8  Islands,  a  group  in  the 
Paciflo  Ocean,  between  lat.  13°  30'  and  14°  30'  S.  and  Ion. 
168°  and  173°  W.,  comprising  9  inhabited  islands,  with 
several  islets.  Area,  1700  square  miles.  Pop.  36,000.  The 
soil  is  rich,  and  the  surface  densely  wooded.  The  products 
comprise  cocoa-nut  oil,  arrowroot,  cotton,  castor  bean,  gin- 
ger, coffee,  tortoise-shell,  and  vegetiibles.  The  inhabitants 
are  superior  in  bodily  and  mental  endowments  to  those  of 
many  other  parts  of  Polynesia.  They  are  Christians,  and 
are  mostly  Presbyterians.  The  country  is  under  the  pro- 
tection of  the  United  States.  Chief  ports,  Apia,  the  capital, 
and  Pango-Pango. 

Samoens,  s4'mo-6N»',  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute- 
Savoie,  15  miles  E.  of  Bonneville.    Pop.  of  commune,  2685. 

Samogitia,  si-mo-jish'§-a  (Polish,  Zmudz),  a  former 
duchy  of  Poland,  now  forming  a  large  part  of  tiie  Bussian 
government  of  Kovno.  Its  capital  was  Rossiena.  The 
Samogitian  language,  still  spoken  by  some  250,000  people, 
is  one  of  the  Lettic  tongues. 

Samogy,  a  county  of  Hungary.    See  SUmegh. 

Samoieds,  sam^oi-fldz',  Samoyeds,  or  Samo- 
yedcs,  a  people  inhabiting  the  shores  of  the  Arctic  Ocean, 
from  the  mouth  of  the  Petchora,  in  the  N.E.  of  the  govern- 
ment of  Archangel,  Russia,  to  the  Gulf  of  Khatungskee, 
in  the  N.E.  of  the  government  of  Yeniseisk.  They  consist 
of  three  principal  tribes,  speaking  different  dialects.  They 
are  nomadic,  live  chiefly  by  fishing  and  keeping  reindeer, 
and  are  supposed  to  be  of  Finnish  stock. 

Samokhvalovitchi,  or  Samochwalowitschi, 
s3,-moK-vi-lo-vitch'ee,  a  market-town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment and  10  miles  S.  of  Minsk.     Pop.  1000. 

Sa'mos,  or  Soosam-  (Sousam-  or  Susam-) 
Adassi,  soo^sim'-i-dis'see,  an  island  ofi"  the  W.  coast  of 
Asia  Minor,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  Gulf  of  Scala  Nova,  42 
miles  S.W.  of  Smyrna.  Length,  E.  to  W.,  27  miles  ;  greatest 
breadth,  10  miles.  Area,  213  square  miles.  Pop.  44,661. 
Two  ranges  of  rocky  limestone  mountains  traverse  the 
island,  their  slopes  partly  covered  with  pine  woods,  vine- 
yards, and  olive-groves.  The  valleys  are  fertile,  and  this 
is  one  of  the  most  productive  islands  of  the  Archipelago,  ex- 
porting raisins,  oil,  fruits,  skins,  mastic,  corn,  and  excellent 
Muscadine  wines.  The  mineral  products  comprise  marble, 
iron,  lead,  silver,  and  emery.  The  principal  towns  are 
Vathi,  on  its  N.  side,  with  a  good  harbor,  and  Cora,  near 
the  S.  coast,  on  a  portion  of  the  site  of  the  ancient  Samos. 
The  island  had  in  ancient  times  a  famous  temple  of  Juno, 
of  which  few,  if  any,  vestiges  remain.  It  was  the  native 
country  of  Pythagoras  and  the  sculptor  Theodorus.  The 
Samiots  were  among  the  first  to  join  the  Greek  war  of 
independence,  throughout  which  they  successfully  held  the 
island  against  the  Turks.  Since  1832  the  island  has  been 
an  autonomous  principality,  or  beylic,  paying  a  small 
tribute  to  Turkey.    The  people  are  Greeks  in  language  and 

religion.     Capital,  Vathi. Adj.  and  inhab.  Sauia.v,  si'- 

me-an,  or  Samiot  or  Samiote,  si'rae-ot. 

-Samos,  an  ancient  city  of  Cephalonia,  on  the  E.  coast 
of  the  island.     It  is  now  a  village,  with  ancient  remains. 

Samosat,  or  Samosata,  Turkey.    See  Someisat. 

Samotliraki,  si-uio-thri'kee  (anc.  Samothra'ce ;  Gr, 
'S.anoBpaKri;  Turk.  Seniendre/,;  sA-m5n-dr5k'),  an  island  be- 
longing to  Turkey,  in  the  iEgean  Sea  (Grecian  Archipelago), 
14  miles  N.N.W.  of  luibros.  Area,  30  square  nsiles.  Pop. 
1500.  It  is  mountainous.  On  its  N.  side  are  the  ruins  of 
the  ancient  town  of  Samothrace. 

Samotraki,  si-mo-trA'kee,  one  of  tb«  smaller  Ionian 
Islands,  5  miles  W.  of  Corfu. 

Sanioyed,  or  Samoyede.    See  Samoieds. 

Samozero,  si'mo-zi'ro,  a  lake  of  Russia,  government 
of  Olonets,  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Petrozavodsk,  about  20 
miles  in  length  from  W.  to  E.,  and  8  miles  in  breadth.  Its 
superfluous  waters  are  carried  S.  and  E.  by  the  river  Shooya 
into  Lake  Onega. 

Samper  de  Calanda,  s&m-pain'  d&  ki-l&n'dli,  a  town 
of  Spain,  in  TeFuel,  44  milee  S.S.E.  of  Saragossa.     P.  2860 


I 


SAM 


2375 


SAN 


Sampeyre,  sS.ra-pi'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont, 

15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Saluzzo.     Pop.  5503. 

Sam'pit,  a  township  of  Georgetown  co.,  S.C.     P.  960. 

Samp'sel  Station,  a  post-office  of  Livingston  co.. 
Mo.,  on  the  Brunswick  &  Chillicothe  Railroad,  9  miles  W. 
of  Chillicothe. 

Samp'son,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  North 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  996  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  South  River,  and  also  drained  by 
Black  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  mostly 
covered  with  forests  of  pitch-pine  and  other  trees.  It  has 
many  thousand  acres  of  woodland.  The  soil  is  sandy. 
Indian  corn,  cotton,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
The  Cape  Fear  <fc  Yadkin  Valley  Railroad  intersects  this 
county  near  the  S.W.  border.  Capital,  Clinton.  Pop.  in 
1870,  16,436;  in  1880,  22,894;  in  1890,  25,096. 

Sampson,  or  Sam'son,  a  village  of  Darke  co.,  0.,in 
Neave  township,  33  miles  N.W.  of  Dayton.     Pop.  346. 

Sampson  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co..  Mo., 
at  llamptonville,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Pattonsburg. 

Samp'sondale,  a  hamlet  of  Rockland  co.,  N.Y.,  1 
mile  from  Haverstraw.    It  has  a  church  and  a  rolling-mill. 

Sampson's  Wharf,  a  post-office  of  Northumberland 
CO.,  Va. 

Samp'toATn,  a  hamlet  of  Middlesex  co.,  N.J.,  9  miles 
N.  of  New  Brunswick.     It  has  a  church. 

Sam's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Frederick  co.,  Md. 

Samsoe,  sims'o'eh,  or  Samsjsims,  an  island  of  Den- 
mark, in  the  Great  Belt,  between  Sceland  and  Jutland. 
Length,  15  miles;  greatest  breadth,  6  miles.     Pop.  5360. 

Samson,  sh3,m'shon\  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Bihar, 
8  miles  N.E.  of  Debreczin.     Pop.  3370. 

Sam'sonville,  a  post-village  in  Olive  township,  Ulster 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  20  miles  W.  of  Rondout.  It  has  a  church, 
a  lumber-mill,  and  nearly  30  houses. 

Samsonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Marietta  <t  Cincinnati  Railroad,  at  Washington  Station,  28 
miles  N.E.  of  Portsmouth. 

Samsoon,  Samsoun,  or  Samsun,  sim^soon',  writ- 
ten also  Samsoom  or  Samsum  (anc.  Ami'sns),  a  sea- 
port town  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the  Black  Sea.  Lat.  41°  18' 
N. ;  Ion.  36°  22'  E.  The  population  is  wholly  Turkish,  and 
comprises  about  450  families.  The  town  is  a  busy  entrepot 
for  the  copper,  timber,  tobacco,  and  agricultural  produce  of 
the  interior,  exported  hence  to  Constantinople,  and  it  is  a 
•station  for  steam  navigation. 

Sam's  VaI'ley,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Oregon. 

Sams'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Edwards  co.,  111.,  about 

16  miles  S.  of  Olncy.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  wagon-shop. 
~  Samter,  sdm't§r,  or  Szamotuly,  shi-mo-too'lee,  a 
town  of  Prussia,  20  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Posen.    Pop.  4316. 

Samtiago,  Cape  Verd  Islands.     See  Saxtiaoo. 

Samtiago  de  Cacem,  s6wN"-te-4'go  di  ki-s5!»»',  a 
town  of  Portugal,  in  Algarve,  36  miles  N.W.  of  Ourique, 
on  the  Atlantic. 

Sam'uel's  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nelson  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Bardstown  Branch  Railroad,  33  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Louisville.     It  has  a  distillery  of  whisky. 

San,  sin,  Saan,  sin,  or  Sana,  s3,'n8,,  a  large  river  of 
Austrian  Galicia,  rises  in  the  Carpathians,  flows  N.N.W., 
arid  joins  the  Vistula  4  miles  N.E.  of  Sandomier.  Total 
course,  250  miles.     Affluents,  the  Wislok  and  Lubaczow. 

San,  sin,  a  river  of  Styria,  after  an  E.  and  S.  course  of 
50  miles,  joins  the  Save  11  miles  S.  of  Cilly. 

San,  sin  (anc.  Ta'uis),  a  ruined  town  of  Egypt,  on  an 
arm  of  the  Nile,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Menzaleh. 

Sana,  or  Sanaa,  si-nS.',  Ute  capital  city  of  Yemen,  in 
Arabia,  in  a  fine  valley,  4000  feet  above  the  sea,  110  miles 
E.N.K.  of  Hodeida.  Pop.  estimated  at  40,000.  It  is  en- 
closed by  walls  SJ  miles  in  circumference  and  mounting 
some  cannons,  is  built  mostly  of  brick,  and  has  2  stone 
palaces  of  the  imam,  about  20  richly-decorated  mosques, 
■  and  public  baths.  The  principal  commerce  is  in  coffee  and 
in  its  husk,  which  latter  article  here  brings  the  higher 
price.  Imports  comprise  piece-goods,  Persian  tobacco, 
dates,  twist,  and  glass-wares. 

Sana,  sin'yd,  or  Miraflores,me-r&-flo'rJ3,  a  town  of 
Peru,  province  of  Chiclayo,  32  miles  S.E.  of  Lambaycque, 
once  a  fine  city,  but  now  mostly  in  ruins.     Pop.  2000. 

Sanak  Island,  Pacific  Ocean.     See  Halibut  Island. 

Sanamaro,  a  village  of  Teneriffe.    See  RosAnio. 

Sa^nand',  a  town  of  India,  in  Ahmedabad.    Pop.  7229. 

San  An'ders,  a  post-office  of  Milam  co.,  Tex.,  about 
66  miles  N.E.  of  Austin. 

San  Andrea.  See  Sant'  Andrea.  San  Angelo. 
Bt)e  Saxt'  Anoelo  ;  and  so  with  other  Italian  names  in 
which  SiN  is  followed  by  a  name  beginning  with  a  vowel. 


San  An'dreas,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Calaveras  co., 
Cal.,  is  near  the  Calaveras  River,  about  56  miles  S.E.  of 
Sacramento,  and  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Stockton.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office,  2  churches,  a  banking-house,  and  a  large 
hotel.  It  is  surrounded  by  mountains,  or  "  foot-hills." 
Gold  is  found  here  in  placer-mines,  which  were  once  rich. 
It  is  mainly  supported  by  mining,  the  culture  of  fruit,  and 
raising  cattle  and  sheep.     Pop.  about  700. 

San  Andres  de  Palomar,  sin  S,n-dr8s'  di  p&-lo- 
mau',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  5  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Barcelona.     Pop.  8447. 

San  Andres  y  San  Luis  de  Providencia,  ekn 
3,n-dr6s'  e  sin  loo-ees'  di  pro-ve-d5n'se-i,  a  national  ter- 
ritory of  the  United  States  of  Colombia,  comprising  Old 
Providence,  San  Andres,  and  other  islands  of  the  Caribbean 
Sea.     Pop.  3530. 

San  Angel,  sin  ing'iiSl,  a  town  of  Mexico,  6  miles  S. 
of  the  capital. 

San  Antonio,  sin  in-to'ne-o,  or  Puerto  Magno^ 
pwfiu'to  mig'no,  a  Spanish  seaport  town,  on  the  W.  coast 
of  the  island  of  Ivifa,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Ivifa,  with  a  small 
fort,  and  an  anchorage  for  large  vessels.  Lat.  39°  0'  4"  N.; 
Ion.  1°  14'  E.     Pop.  1192. 

San  Antonio,  a  town  of  Sicily.    See  Cianciana. 

San  Antonio,  sin  in-to'ne-o,  a  township  of  Marin  co., 
Cal.     Pop.  451, 

San  Antonio,  a  post-village  of  Monterey  co.,  Cal.,  28 
miles  S.  of  Soledad.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  761. 

San  Antonio,  a  post-village  of  Buchanan  co.,  Mo.,  4 
miles  N.W.  of  Easton.     It  has  2  churches. 

San  Antonio,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nye  co.,  Nevada,  135 
miles  from  Eureka.     It  has  a  quivrtz-mill. 

San  Antonio,  a  post-office  of  Socorro  co..  New  Mex. 

San  Antonio,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Bexar  co.,  Tex., 
is  on  San  Antonio  River,  80  miles  S.W.  of  Austin.  It  is 
near  lat.  29°  30'  N.,  Ion.  98°  25'  W.  It  was  in  1890  the 
most  populous  city  of  the  state  except  Dallas.  It  con- 
tains a  court-bouse,  a  United  States  arsenal,  a  national 
bank,  4  other  banking-houses,  a  large  Roman  Catholic  col- 
lege or  seminary,  a  Roman  Catholic  cathedral,  11  cliurches, 
and  many  fine  residences.  Three  daily  and  3  or  4  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.  San  Antonio  is  supported 
mainly  by  trade.  It  is  surrounded  by  a  fertile  country,  of 
which  cattle,  cotton,  wool,  and  hides  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. It  is  on  the  Galveston,  Harrisburg  <fc  San  Antonio 
Railroad,  213  miles  W.  of  Harrisburg,  and  256  miles  W.  of 
Galveston.  Here  are  military  head-quarters,  with  a  quar- 
termaster's depot.  San  Antonio  has  extensive  water-power, 
several  flouring-mills,  breweries,  and  tanneries.  It  is  built 
on  the  site  of  Fort  Alamo,  celebrated  in  the  history  of 
Texas.  It  has  a  large  public  park,  called  San  Pedro.  Pop, 
in  1860,  8235;  in  1880,  20,550;  in  1890,  37,673. 

San  Antonio,  sin  in-to'ne-o,  a  town  of  Mexico,  15 
miles  S.E.  of  La  Paz. 

San  Antonio,  sin  in-to'ne-o,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  on 
an  affluent  of  the  Apure,  110  miles  E.  of  Barinas. 

Snn  (or  Santo)  Antonio,  a  town  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Prince's  Island,  in  the  Gulf  of  Guinea.  Its  situation  is  one 
of  extreme  beauty. 

San  Antonio,  Cape  Verd  Islands,  and  Brazil.  See 
Santo  Antonio. 

San  Antonio,  a  cape  of  Brazil,  at  the  entrance  to  All- 
Saints  Bay.  Lat.  13°  0'  7"  S. ;  Ion.  38°  31'  7"  W.  There 
is  a  light  on  this  point  140  feet  high. 

San  Antonio,  a  cape  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Rio  do  la  Plata,  S.  side.  Lat.  36°  19'  S. ; 
Ion.  56°  45'  W. 

San  Antonio,  a  large  port  or  bay  of  Patagonia.  Lat. 
40°  49'  S.;  Ion.  65°  54'  AV. 

San  Antonio,  Cape.    See  Cape  San  Antonio. 

San  Antonio  Creek,  a  small  stream  of  Marin  c«., 
Cal.,  flows  into  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

San  Antonio  de  Areco,  .sin  in-to'ne-o  di  i-ri'ko, 
a  town  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  60  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Buenos  Ayres.     Pop.  1700. 

San  Anto'nio  de  Gibraltar  (Sp.  pron.  sin  in- 
to'ne-o  di  ne-Bril-tan'),  a  town  of  Venezuela,  state  of 
Falcon,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Lake  Maracaybo,  50  miles  N.W. 
of  Trujillo.     Pop.  3000. 

San  Antonio  dc  Lagnna,  sin  in-to'ne-o  di  l&-goo'- 
ni,  a  town  of  Ecuador,  on  the  Uuallaga,  near  its  junction 
with  the  Amazon. 

San  Antonio  de  los  Cues,  sin  in-to'ne-o  di  loco 
koo'fls,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  and  70  miles  N.  of  Oajaca. 
It  has  ruins  of  Aztec  forts. 

San  Antonio  de  Praia,  sin  in-to'ne-o  di  pri'i^  a 
■mall  town  on  the  K.  coas^  of  Annohon. 


SAN 


2376 


SAN 


San  Anto'nio  River,  Texas,  is  formed  by  the  Medina 
Rirer  and  Leon  Creek,  which  unite  in  the  S.  part  of  licxar 
eo.  It  runs  southeastward  through  the  cos.  of  Wilson, 
Karnes,  and  Goliad,  and  enters  Espiritu  Santo  Bay.  Length, 
about  175  miles. 

Sanato'ga,  a  station  in  Montgomery  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Reading  Railrmid,  21  miles  E.S.E.  of  Reading. 

San  Ailgustin,  8&n  Sw-goos-toon',  a  town  of  Mexico, 
12  miles  S.  of  the  city  of  Mexico. 
San  Augustin  de  las  Cuevas.  See  Ti.alpan. 
San  Augustine,  s&n  aw-giis-teen',  or  Saint  Au* 
gustine,  s^nt  aw'gQs-teen^  (Sp.  San  Auguitin,  s&n  8w- 
goos-toon'),  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area 
of  about  660  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by 
the  Attoyac,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Angelina  River.  The 
Burfiice  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  porlc  are  the  staple 
products.  Capital,  San  Augustine.  Pop.  in  1870,  4ll>6; 
in  1880,  5084;  in  18»0,  6688. 

San  Angustine,  s&n  Sw-goos-teen',  a  hamlet  of  Donna 
Ana  CO.,  New  Mexico. 

San  Augustine,  a  post-village,  capital  of  San  Augus- 
tine CO.,  Tex.,  75  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Marshall.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  seminary,  2  newspaper  offices,  cotton-gins,  &e. 
Cotton  is  the  leading  product.     Pop.  in  1890,  744. 

San  Barthuiuin6,  s&n  baR-to-lo-m^',  a  village  of 
Mexico,  state  and  215  miles  N.  of  Durango. 

San  Bartholom^,  s&n  ban-to-lo-ml',  a  town  of  the 
republic  of  Colombia,  on  the  Magdalcnn,  at  the  influx  of 
the  San  Bartholom6,  60  miles  S.E.  of  Remedies. 

San  Bartholom^,  an  island  in  the  Pacific  Ocean. 
Lat.  15°  10'  N.;  Ion.  163°  52'  E. 

San  Bartoloni6  de  Tirajana,  sin  baR-to-lo-mi' 
di,  te-ri-ni'ni,  a  town  of  the  Canaries,  on  Gran  Canaria. 
San  Bartolomeo  in  Galdo,  sin  ban-to-lo-m^'o 
in  gil'do,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  28  miles  W.  by  S. 
of  Foggia,  on  an  elevated  hill.  It  has  a  diocesan  seminary, 
■with  a  collegiate  and  other  churches.     Pop.  3276. 

San  Basilio,  sin  bi-sce'le-o,  a  village  of  Sardinia, 
province  and  23  miles  N.  of  Caglinri.     Pop.  1142. 

San  Benedetto  del  Tronto,  sin  bi-ni-dSt'to  ddl 
tron'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Ascoli-Piccno,  on  the 
Adriatic,  13  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Giulia.  It  has  a  port, 
and  is  a  sea-bathing  place.     Pop.  6112. 

San  Benedetto  Po,  or  Polirone,  po-le-ro'ni,  a 
town  of  Italy,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Po,  province  and  12 
miles  S.E.  of  Mantua.     Pop.  10,319. 

San  Benedicto,  Pacific  Ocean.  See  Nublada. 
San  Benito,  sin  bi-nee'to,  a  county  in  the  W.  part 
of  California.  Area,  about  1000  square  miles.  The  Coast 
Range  of  mountains  extends  along  its  eastern  border.  It 
is  irrigated  by  the  San  Benito  River.  The  soil  is  partly 
■fertile.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad. 
Capital,  Holli.ster.     Pop.  in  1880,  5584;  in  1890,  6412. 

San  Benito,  a  post-hamlet  of  San  Benito  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Salinas  River,  about  60  miles  S.E.  of  Monterey. 

San  Benito  River,  California,  rises  in  the  Coast 
Range,  runs  northwestward  through  San  Benito  co.,  and 
joins  the  Pajaro  River. 

San  Bernard',  a  small  river  of  Texas,  rises  near  the 
N.  extremity  of  Colorado  co.,  and  flows  S.E.  into  the  Gulf 
of  Mexico,  10  miles  S.W.  of  the  mouth  of  Brazos  River. 

San  Bernardino,  sin  b^R-naR-dee'no,  a  village  of 
Switzerland,  canton  of  Grisons,  in  the  valley  of  Misocco,  15 
miles  N.  of  Roveredo,  with  mineral  springs.  The  Pass  of 
Berxaudino  or  Bernhardin  (b5R^naRMiN<>')  is  traversed 
by  the  route  from  Chur  to  Bellinzona.  Elevation,  6970  feet. 
San  Bernardino,  sin  bdn-naR-dee'no,  a  large  county 
in  the  S.E.  part  of  California,  borders  on  Nevada.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Colorado  River,  and  is  partly 
traversed  by  the  Snnta  Ana  and  Mohave  Rivers,  the  latter 
of  which  sinks  into  the  alkaline  soil  near  the  middle  of 
the  county.  The  surface  is  occupied  by  volcanic  moun- 
tains and  vast  deserts  or  arid  plains  and  valleys  destitute 
of  timber  and  fresh  water.  In  the  northern  part  of  it  is 
the  "  Death  Valley,"  which  is  said  to  be  sunk  nearly  200 
feet  below  the  level  of  the  sea.  It  is  destitute  of  vegeta- 
tion and  animal  life.  Barley,  wheat,  wool,  and  wine  are 
the  staple  products.  Forests  of  pine,  cedar,  and  other  trees 
grow  on  the  mountains.  Among  the  minerals  are  gold, 
silver,  granite,  quartz,  tin,  and  marble.  The  tin  is  found 
in  the  'reuiescal  Mountains,  in  the  S.W.  part.  This  county 
is  traversed  by  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad  and  the 
Southern  California  Railroad.  Area,  about  21,000  square 
miles.  Capital,  San  Bernardino.  Pop.  in  1870,  3988;  in 
1880,  7786;  in  1890,  25,497. 
San  Bernardino^  a  city,  capital  of  San  Bernardino 


00.,  Cal.,  is  in  a  fertile  valley,  in  a  townsliip  of  the  same 
name,  4  miles  N.  of  Colton  Railroad  Station,  and  about  60 
miles  E.  of  lios  Angeles.  It  contains  a  court-house,  4 
churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  hotels,  2  planing-mills,  2 
flour-mills,  and  a  graded  school.  Pop.  in  1880,  1673:  in 
1890,  4012.  Mt.  San  Bernardino  is  20  miles  W.  of  this 
village.    See  Mount  San  Bernardino. 

San  Bernardo,  sin  bfiR-naii'do,  a  group  of  islets  of 
the  republic  of  Culuiiibia,  near  the  entrance  of  the  15ay  of 
Morrosquillo,  and  ofi'  the  Point  of  San  Bernardo,  50  milci 
S.  of  Cartagena. 

San  Bernardo,  s&n  b^R-naR'do,  a  town  of  Chili,  prov- 
ince and  10  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Santiago.     Pop.  2702. 

San  Biasc,  sin  bc-i'si,  or  San  Biagio,  s&n  be-i'Jo, 
a  town  of  Italy,  in  Catanzaro,  3  miles  W.  of  Nicastro. 
Pop.  6037. 

San  Bias,  s&n  bl&s,  or  Saint  Bias,  a  seaport  town 
of  Mexico,  state  of  Jalisco,  on  an  i.sland  at  the  embouchure 
of  the  river  Santiago  in  the  Pacific,  about  37  miles  W.S.W, 
of  Tepic,  of  which  it  is  the  port.  Lat.  21°  32'  34"  N. ;  Ion. 
105°  16'  24"  W.  The  climate  is  very  uahealthy,  and  the 
harbor  bad,  with  an  open  roadstead.  Its  commercial  im- 
portance is  considerable.     Pop.  about  2000. 

San  Bias,  Caribbean  Sea.     See  Mandingo. 

San  Bias  Point.    Sec  Cape  San  Blas. 

San  Bonifacio,  sin  bo-ne-fi'cho,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  14  miles  E.  of  Verona.     Pop.  6653. 

San'born,  a  post-ofiice  of  Bent  co.,  Col. 

Sanborn,  a  post-ofiice  of  Barnes  co.,  N.  D. 

Sanborn,  a  post-village  of  O'Brien  co.,  Iowa,  in  Frank- 
lin townsliip,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Rail- 
road, 11  miles  E.  of  Sheldon,  and  25  miles  W.  of  Spencer. 
It  has  a  bank.     Pop.  in  1890,  1075. 

Sanborn,  a  post-village  in  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
New  York  Central  Railroad,  about  20  miles  N.  of  Buffalo, 
and  10  miles  W.  of  Lockport.  It  contains  2  churches,  2 
hotels,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  about  160. 

Sanborn,  a  post-village  of  Barnes  eo.,  N.D.,  11  miles 
by  rail  W.  by  N.  of  Valley  City.  It  has  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  grain  elevator,  a  creamery,  and  a  lumber-mill. 
Pop.  in  1890,  227. 

San 'bom's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  N.H., 
on  the  Portsmouth,  Great  Falls  <fc  Conway  Railroad,  at 
Wolfborough  Junction,  18i  miles  N.  of  Rochester.  It  has 
a  church,  2  saw-mills,  a  stave-factory,  <fec. 

San'bornton,  a  post-village  in  Sanbomton  township, 
Belknap  co.,  N.H.,  22  miles  N.  of  Concord,  and  4  miles  N. 
of  Tilton  Station.  It  has  several  churches  and  a  manufac- 
tory of  refrigerators.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1027. 

San  Bruno,  sin  broo'no,  a  post-office  |of  San  Benito 
CO.,  Cal. 

San  Bruno,  a  station  in  San  Mateo  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  14  miles  S.  of  San  Francisco. 

San  Buenaventura,  sin  bwi-ni-vSn-too'ri,  a  post- 
village  of  Ventura  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Pacific  Ocean,  about  00 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Los  Angeles.  It  has  a  newspaper  office, 
a  money-order  post-office,  a  high  school,  4  churches,  a  bank, 
and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  2320. 

San  Buenaventura  River.    See  Salinas  River. 

San  Buenaventura  River,  a  small  stream  of  Ven- 
tura CO.,  Cal.,  falls  into  the  Pacific  in  34°  20'  N.  lat. 

San'burn,  or  San'born,  a  post-village  of  Johnson 
CO.,  III.,  on  the  Cairo  <fc  Vincennes  Railroad,  43  miles  N.E. 
of  Cairo.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Sancara,  the  Hindoo  name  of  Soonkaur. 

San  Carlos,  sin  kar'loce,  a  post-office  of  Pinal  oo., 
Arizona.     Here  is  an  Indian  agency  and  reservation. 

San  Carlos,  a  station  of  Pueblo  co.,  Col.,  on  the  Den- 
ver &  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of  Pueblo. 

San  Carlos,  sin  kaR'loce,  a  town  of  Chili,  province 
of  Nuble,  15  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Chilian.     Pop.  5fi09. 

San  Carlos,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  state  of  Zamora,  on 
the  Nirgua  River,  130  miles  S.W.  of  Caracas.     Pop.  10,420.    ' 

San  Carlos,  sin  kau'loce,  a  port  on  the  N.W.  coast 
of  East  Falkland  Island,  near  the  N.  entrance  of  Falkland 
Sound,  with  anchorage  for  large  vessels.  Lat.  (Fanning 
Head,  S.W.  summit)  51°  27'  12"  S. ;  Ion.  59°  7'  15"  W. 

San  Carlos  de  Ancud,  Chili.    See  Ancud. 

San  Carlos  de  la  Rapita,  sin  kaR'loce  di  1&  r&- 
pee'ti,  a  seaport  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Tarragona,  on 
the  Mediterranean,  about  20  miles  from  Tortosa.  It  owes 
its  foundation  to  Don  Carlos  III.,  who  intended  to  make  it  a 
great  commercial  emporium;  but  the  extensive  works  com- 
menced during  his  reign  were  abandoned,  and  Rapita  it 
now  insignificant. 

San  Casciano,  sin  ki-shi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  8i  miles  S.W.  of  Florence.     Pop.  2374. 


f 


SAN 


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SAN 


San  Casciano  dei  Bagni,  sA,n  kd-shi'no  di'e  bln'- 
yee,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Siena,  17  miles  S.E. 
of  Pienza.     Pop.  3583. 

Sancasse,  sin-kis'si,  an  island  in  the  Indian  Ocean, 
off  Nareemla  Bay,  N.W.  of  Madagascar. 

San  Cataldo,  sin  kil-til'do,  a  town  of  Sicily,  in  the 
valley  of  Mazzara,  5  miles  W.S.W.  of  Caltanisetta.  Pop. 
12,727.     In  its  vicinity  are  extensive  sulphur-mines. 

Sancerre,  sdiV^saiu',  a  town  of  France,  in  Cher,  on  a 
vine-clad  hill  on  the  Loire,  26  miles  N.E.  of  Bourges.  Pop. 
2830.  It  has  a  communal  college,  several  tanneries,  and  an 
active  trade  in  wine,  and  in  marble  quarried  in  its  vicinity. 

San  Cesario,  sin  chi-si're-o,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  4  miles  S.  of  Lecce.     Pop.  4091. 

San  Chirico  Nuovo,  sin  kee're-ko  nwo'vo,  a  town 
of  Italy,  in  Basilicata,  province  of  Potenza,  6  miles  N.W. 
of  Tricarico.     Pop.  2327. 

San  Chirico  Raparo,sin  kee're-ko  ri-pi'ro,  a  town 
of  Italy,  province  of  Potenza,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Marsico 
Nuovo.     Pop.  3045. 

Sancho,  san'ko,  a  post-office  of  Tyler  oo.,  AV.  Va. 

San  Christoval,  the  name  of  various  places  in  Span- 
ish America.     See  San  Cristoval. 

San  Christoval,  Brazil.     See  Sao  Christovao. 

San  Clemeute,  sin  kli-mfin'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  48 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Cuenoa.     Pop.  3860. 

San  Clemente,  sin  kli-mdn'ti,  an  island  in  the  Pa- 
cific, off  the  coast  of  California,  15  miles  S.  of  the  island 
of  Santa  Oatalina. 

Sancoins,  sdNo^kwiN"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Cher,  30 
miles  S.E.  of  Bourges.     Pop.  2970. 

San  Colombano,  sin  ko-Iom-bi'no,  a  town  of  Italy, 
9  miles  S.  of  Lodi,  on  the  Lambro.     Pop.  5567. 

Sancori,  an  island,  Gulf  of  Siam.    See  Koh-Phano. 

Sanco'ty  Head,  the  S.E.  point  of  Nantucket  Island, 
Massachusetts,  has  a  fixed  light  150  feet  above  the  level  of 
the  sea.     Lat.  41°  17'  N. ;  Ion.  69°  59'  W. 

San  Cristobal,  sin  krees-to'vil  (formerly  Ciudad 
Real  and  Ciudad  de  Las  Casas),  a  town  and  bish- 
op's see  of  Mexico,  capital  of  the  state  of  Chiapa,  285 
miles  S.E.  of  Vera  Cruz.  Its  chief  industries  are  beef- 
packing,  weaving,  and  pottery.     Pop.  12,000. 

San  Cristoval,  sin  krees-to'vil,  a  town  of  Venezuela, 
capital  of  the  state  of  Tachira,  96  miles  S.S.W.  of  Merida. 
Pop.  11,903.    It  was  overthrown  in  1875  by  an  earthquake. 

San  Cristoval  or  Christoval,  sin  kris-to'vil.  Lake, 
Mexico,  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Mexico,  is  10  miles  in  length. 
It  has  on  its  S.  side  a  village  of  its  own  name. 

San  Cristoval  or  Christoval,  a  small  town  of  Gua- 
temala, S.W.  of  Vera  Paz. 

San  Cristoval  de  la  Lagnna  (also  called  Iiagu- 
na),  sin  kris-to'vil  di  li  li-goo'ni,  a  town  of  Tcneriffe, 
near  its  N.  coast,  on  a  high  plain,  18  miles  W.  of  Santa 
Cruz  de  Teneriffe.     Pop.  4675. 

Sanct  Antonien,  sinkt  in-to'ne-§n,  a  village  of 
Switzerland,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Chur.  This  village  gives  its 
name  to  the  adjacent  valley  of  Sanct  Antonienthal. 

Sanct  Avoid,  sinkt  i'filt  (Fr.  Saint-Avoid,  sixt- 
iVo'),  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Lorraine,  18  miles  W.  of 
Saargemlind.     Pop.  2715. 

Sanct  Bartholmd.,  Austria.     See  Baiitholma. 

Sanct  Beatenberg,  sinkt  bi-i't§n-b5RG^  a  mountain 
of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Bern,  on  the  S.E.  side  of  the  Lake 
of  Thun.  On  the  slope  of  the  mountain  stands  the  Alpine 
village  of  the  same  name,  about  3500  feet  above  sea-level. 

Sanct  Fideu,  Switzerland.    See  Tablat. 

Sanct  Gallen,  town,  Switzerland.    See  Saint  Gall. 

Sanct  Georgen,  sinkt  gi-oR'gh§n,  a  town  of  Croatia, 
18  miles  N.E.  of  Bellovar.     Pop.  4630. 
^    Sanct  Georgen,  a  village  of  Austro-Hungary,  on  the 
Adriatic,  5  miles  S.  of  Zengg.     Pop.  540. 
.    Sanct  Goar,  sinkt  go'ar,  a  town  of  Bhenish  Prussia, 
15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Coblentz,  on  the  Rhine.     Pop.  1384. 

Sanct  Goarshausen,  sinkt  go'ars-how^z^n,  a  village 
on  the  Rhine,  opposite  to  the  above.     Pop.  1359. 

Sanct  Ingbert,  Bavaria.     See  Ingbert. 

Sanct  Jakob,  town,  Switzerland.     See  Saint  Jakob. 

Sanct  Johann,  sinkt  yo-hinn',  a  town  of  Rhenish 
(Prussia,  on  the  Saar,  opposite  Saarbriick.     Pop.  10,941. 
.     Sanct  Johann,  a  village  of  Upper  Austria,  on  the 
Balzach,  33  miles  S.  of  Salzburg.     Pop.  1078. 

Sanct  Johann,  village,  Hungary.    See  Saint  John. 
,     Sanct  Leon,  sinkt  li'on,  a  village  of  Baden,  near 
Philipsburg.     Pop.  1573. 

-,    Sanct  Leonhard,  sinkt  li'on-haRt^   ("Saint  Leon- 
ard"), a  town  of  Upper  Austria,  26  miles  S.  of  Steycr. 

Sanct  Loreuznuss.    See  Saint  Lawrbnce. 
150 


Sanct  Lndwig,  a  town  of  Alsace.    See  Saint-Louis. 

Sanct  Moritz,  Switzerland.     See  Saint  Moritz. 

Sanct  Polten.    See  Saint-Polten. 

Sanct  Stephen,  Switzerland.    See  Saint  Stbphbn, 

Sanct  Tiiuys,  sinkt  to'nis,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, 15  miles  N.W.  of  Dusseldorf.     Pop.  5500. 

Sanct  Vcit,  sinkt  vJt  ("  Saint  Vitus"),  a  town  of  Aus- 
tria, in  Carinthia,  on  the  Glan,  11  miles  N.  of  Klagenfurth. 
Pop.  4322.     It  has  manufactures  of  paper,  hardware,  Ac. 

Sanct  Veit,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria,  11  miles  S.  of 
St.  Polten.     Pop.  2877.     See  also  Fiume. 

Sanct  Wendcl,  sinkt  ^Sn'd^l,  a  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Treves.     Pop.  3696. 

San  Cugat  del  Valles,  sin  koo-git'  dSl  vil'ySs,  a 
town  of  Spain,  9  miles  N.  of  Barcelona.     Pop.  2173. 

Sancy,  Pic  de,  France.     See  Mont  Dor. 

San'da,  or  San'day,  an  island  of  Scotland,  in  the 
Orkneys,  2i  miles  S.  of  North  Ronaldshay.  Length,  12 
miles.  The  principal  harbors  are  Kettleloft,  on  the  S.E., 
and  Otterswick,  on  the  N.E.  coast.     Pop.  2053. 

Sanda,  or  Sanday,  an  island  of  Scotland,  in  the  In- 
ner Hebrides,  co.  of  Argyle,  on  the  E.  side  of  Canna. 

Sanda,  or  Sanday,  a  small  island  of  Scotland,  at  the 
W.  side  of  the  entrance  of  the  Firth  of  Clyde,  5  miles  E.  of  the 
Mull  of  Kintyre,  3  miles  in  circumference,  and  noted  in  the 
Middle  Ages  as  a  station  of  the  Scandinavian  fleets. 

San'dalwood  Island,  or  Jeendana,  jeen-di'ni, 
an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  S.  of  the  island  of  Flores 
and  the  Straits  of  Sapy  and  Mangerye,  in  lat.  10°  S.,  Ion. 
119°  E.  Length,  about  120  miles  j  greatest  breadth,  60  miles. 
It  is  fertile  and  very  populous.  On  its  N.  side  is  the  port 
of  Padewawy,  where  the  Dutch  have  settlements. 

Sandalwood,  Feejee  group.     See  Paoo. 

San  Damiano  d'Asti,  sin  di-me-i'no  dis'tee,  a 
town  of  Italy,  6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Asti.     Pop.  2711. 

San  Damiano  di  Coni,  sin  di-me-i'no  deo  ko'nee, 
a  town  of  Italy,  6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Coni.     Pop.  2752. 

San  Daniele,  sin  di-ne-i'Ii,  a  town  of  Italy,  13  miles 
N.W.  of  Udine,  on  the  Tagliamento.     Pop.  4471. 

Sandanona.    See  Mount  Santanoni. 

Sandarlee,  Sandarli,  or  Sandarlie,  sin-dar-lee' 
(anc.  Cyme  ;  Gr.  Kv/itj),  a  small  town  of  Asia  Minor,  near 
the  head  of  the  Gulf  of  Sandarlee,  in  lat.  38°  54'  N.,  Ion. 
26°  55'  E.  The  Gulf  of  Sandarlee  {Camx'uB  Si'nm)  ia 
sometimes  called  the  Gulp  of  Fouges.     See  also  Fouges. 

Sandau,  sin'dow,  or  Ziandou  (?),  a  town  of  Bohe- 
mia, circle  of  Leitmeritz,  near  Politz.     Pop.  1687. 

Sandau,  sin'dow,  or  Sandow,  sin'dov,  a  town  of 
Prussian  Saxony,  49  miles  N.N.E.  of  Magdeburg,  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Elbe.     Pop.  2164. 

SandaV)  an  island  of  Scotland.     See  Sanda. 

Sandbach,  sand'batch,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  24 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Chester,  and  4  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of 
Crewe,  near  the  river  Wheelock.  Pop.  5259,  employed  in 
the  manufacture  of  silk. 

Sand' bank,  a  post-village  in  Albion  township,  Oswego 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Salmon  River,  about  26  miles  E.  of  Oswego. 
It  is  also  on  the  Rome,  Watcrtown  &,  Ogdensburg  Railroad, 
36  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Rome.  It  has  2  churches,  2  large  tan- 
neries, a  flour-mill,  and  several  saw-mills. 

Sand  Beach,  a  post-village  in  Sand  Beach  township, 
Huron  CO.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Huron,  about  62  miles  N.  of 
Port  Huron.  It  has  a  church,  manufactures  of  lumber  and 
salt,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  planing-mill.  Here  is  a  harbor  of 
refuge,  with  a  pier  and  a  breakwater.  Pop.  in  1880,  534; 
of  the  township,  1515. 

Sand'born,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Indianapolis  &  Vincennes  Railroad,  26  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Vincennes. 

Sand  Brook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J., 
about  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Trenton.     It  has  a  church. 

Sand'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  New  York  <fc  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  23  miles  N.  by 
W.  of  Middletown.     It  has  a  church. 

Sandchoo,  sind^choo',  a  town  of  Chinese  Toorkistan, 
150  miles  S.E.  of  Yarkand,  said  to  contain  1000  families. 

Sand  Creek,  Indiana,  rises  in  Decatur  co.,  runs  S.W. 
through  Jennings  co.,  and  enters  the  Driftwood  Fork  of 
White  River  about  13  miles  below  Columbus. 

Sand  Creek,  a  station  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 14  miles  S.  of  Mojave,  Cal. 

Sand  Creek,  township,  Bartholomew  co.,  Ind.  P.  1149. 

Sand  Creek,  township,  Decatur  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  2029. 

Sand  Creek,  township,  Jennings  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  930. 

Sand  Creek,  a  station  in  Parke  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Lo- 
gansport,  Crawfordsville  <fc  Southwestern  Railroad,  27  mile* 
N.N.E.  of  Terre  Haute. 


San 


2378 


SAN 


Sand  Creek,  a  township  of  Union  oo.,  Iowa.    P.  402. 

Sand  Creek,  a  township  of  Soott  oo.,  Minn.    P.  1885. 

Saud  Creek,  a  post-offioe  of  Aduir  oo.,  Mu.,  11  miloH 
W.  of  Millurd  SUtion. 

Sand  Creek,  a  post-offlce  of  Snunders  oo.,  Neb.,  about 
42  uiilca  N.  of  Lincoln. 

Sand  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Dunn  co.,  Wis.,  on  the 
Red  Cedar  Rivor,  22  milee  N.  of  Ruslc  Station.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  flour-uiill,  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Saud  Cut,  a  station  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Ilailfoad, 
U  miles  S.W.  of  Gilroy,  Cal. 

Sand  Cut,  a  post-bamlct  of  Wayne  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Delaware,  Lackawanna  A,  Western  Railroad,  21  miles  S.E. 
of  Scranton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Sundec,  Alt,  &lt  s&n'ddts,  a  town  of  Austrian  Qalicia, 
6  miles  S.W.  of  Neu-Sandec.     Pop.  3193. 

Sandec,  Neu,  noi  s&n'dfita,  a  town  of  Austrian  Ga- 
Ucia,  49  miles  S.E.  of  Cracow.     Pop.  7079. 

San  Demetrio,  sin  dA-mi'tre-o,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  12  miles  S.E.  of  Aquila.     Pop.  2674. 

San  Demetrio,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Cosenza, 
17  miles  W.  of  Kossano.     Pop.  2421. 

San'dcra  Island,  one  of  the  Outer  Hebrides,  in  Scot- 
land, CO.  of  Inverness,  3i  miles  S.W.  of  Barra. 

Sau'ders,  a  post-office  of  13arnwell  co.,  S.C.    See  Camp- 

BELLTOWN. 

San'dersdale,  a  station  in  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on 
the  New  Yorli  it  New  England  Railroad  (Southbridge 
Branch),  2  miles  S.E.  of  Southbridge. 

Sandersleben,  sJLn'd^rs-li'b^n,  a  town  of  Germany, 
in  Anhalt,  on  the  Wipper,  S.W.  of  Bornburg.     Pop.  2760. 

San'derson,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Baker  co.,  Fla., 
on  the  Jacksonville,  Pensacola  &  Mobile  Railroad,  37  miles 
W.  of  Jacksonville.  It  has  a  distillery  of  turpentine  and 
3  general  stores.     Pop.  696. 

Sanderson,  a  station  in  Dane  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Madi- 
»on  <t  Portage  Railroad,  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Madison. 

Sanderson's  Hoop,  a  prominent  headland  on  the 
W.  coitst  of  Greenland,  S.  of  Upernavik.  The  cliff  is  about 
2000  feet  high,  and  is  noted  for  an  extensive  loonery. 

San'der's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Carteret  co.,  N.C. 

Sander's  Store,  a  post-ofl5ce  of  Maury  co.,  Tenn. 

Siitt'dersville,  a  post-office  of  Fulton  co.,  Ark. 

Sandersville,  or  Saundersville,  a  post-village, 
capital  of  Washington  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  ridge  between  the 
Oconee  and  Ogeechee  Rivers,  about  70  miles  S.W.  of  Au- 
gusta, and  3  miles  N.  of  the  Central  Railroad.  It  is  on  the 
Sandersville  &  Tennille  Railroad.  It  has  a  court-house,  2 
newspaper  offices,  7  churches,  2  academies,  5  public  schools, 
and  a  monument  to  Governor  Irwin.     Pop.  in  1880,  1279. 

Sand'field,  a  post-village  in  Glengarry  co.,  Ontario, 
on  Rividre  la  Graise,  27  miles  N.  of  Riviiire  Raisin. 

Sandford,  san'f^rd,  or  San'ford,  a  post-village  of 
Vigo  CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Indianapolis  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad,  8 
miles  N.W.  of  Terre  Haute.  It  has  several  churches  and  a 
saw-mill. 

Sandford,  North  Carolina.    See  Sanford. 

Sandford,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  7 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Uxbridge.     Pop.  100. 

Sandford  Lake,  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  lies  among  the 
Adirondack  Mountains,  and  is  one  of  the  sources  of  the 
Hudson  River,  which  issues  from  its  S.  end.  It  is  about  10 
miles  long,  is  very  narrow,  and  is  1826  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  sea.  It  is  connected  with  other  small  lakes,  and  is 
surrounded  by  sublime  scenery. 

Sand  Fork,  a  post-hamlet  in  Walnut  township,  Qallia 
CO.,  0.,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Gallipolis. 

Sand  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Gilmer  co.,  W.  Va. 

Sand'gate,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  on  the 
English  Channel,  2  miles  W.S.W.  of  Folkestone.     P.  1840. 

Sand'gate,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sandgate  township,  Ben- 
nington CO.,  Vt.,  about  20  miles  N.  of  Bennington,  and  4 
miles  W.  of  Equinox  Mountain.  It  has  a  church,  and 
manufactures  of  clothes-pins.     Pop.  of  township,  705. 

Sand  Gates,  a  post-office  and  shipping-point  of  St. 
Mary's  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Patuxent  River. 

Sandham,  a  summer  resort  of  England.    See  Sandown. 

Sand  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Conecuh  co.,  Ala. 

Sand  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co..  Ark. 

Sand  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Ga.,  at  a  place 
calleil  Five  Points,  8  miles  E.  of  Carrollton. 

Sand  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  Ky.,  1  mile 
from  the  Ohio  River,  and  12  miles  E.  of  Maysville.  It  has 
a  cliurch  and  a  nursery. 

Sand  Hill,  a  post-hamlct  in  Sand  Hill  township,  Scot- 
land CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Middle  Fabius  River,  12  miles  S.  of 
Memphis.    It  has  a  church.    Pop;  of  the  township,  784. 


Sand  Hill,  a  post-offlce  of  Franklin  eo.,  Neb. 

Sand  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Oswego  eo,,  N.Y.,  on  the  Oswego 
<t  Rome  Railroad,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Pulaski.  It  has  a 
church.     The  name  of  the  post-office  is  Daysville. 

Sand  Hill,  a  township  of  Lenoir  eo.,  N.C.     Pop.  400. 

Sand  Hill,  a  township  of  Moore  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  208. 

Sand  Hill,  a  station  of  Richmond  co.,  N.C,  on  tha 
Carolina  Central  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Rockingham. 

Sand  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Hampton  co.,  S.C,  at  Alt- 
man's  Station  on  the  Port  Royal  Railroad. 

Sand  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  W.  Va.,  10 
miles  from  Wheeling. 

Sand'hill,  a  post- village  in  Cardwell  co.,  Ontario,  about 
14  miles  W.  of  Toronto.     Pop.  200. 

Sand  Hole,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oneida  co.,  Idaho,  130 
miles  from  Oneida  Station. 

Sand  HoI'low,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  0.,  9 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Cumberland  Station. 

Sand'hurst,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Berks,  5  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Wokingham.  Sandhurst  Royal  Military  College 
is  near  it,  also  Wellington  College,  the  Staff  College,  and  the 
Broadmoor  asylum  for  lunatic  criminals. 

Snnd'hurst,  a  town  of  Victoria,  Australia,  on  the  Mel- 
bourne &  Echuca  Railway,  100  miles  N.N.W.  of  Melbourne. 
It  is  noted  for  beer,  and  also  for  the  gold-mines  near  it.  It 
is  a  Catholic  bishop's  see.  Pop.  21,987;  or,  with  its  suburb 
Eaglehawk,  34,684. 

San  Diego,  sin  de-i'go,  the  most  southern  county  of 
California,  borders  on  Mexico.  Area,  estimated  at  14,500 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
and  on  the  E.  by  the  Colorado  River.  The  surface  is  di- 
versified by  high  mountains,  canons,  fertile  valleys,  and 
desert  plains.  The  mountains  are  covered  with  forests  of 
the  oak,  pine,  fir,  and  cedar.  The  highest  point  is  Mount 
San  Jacinto,  about  5500  feet.  The  eastern  part  of  the 
county  is  a  naked,  sterile,  sandy  plain,  called  the  Great 
Colorado  Desert,  which  is  one  of  the  hottest  regions  in  the 
world.  The  mercury  here  rises  to  122°  Fahr.  in  the  shade. 
Between  the  mountains  and  the  sea  the  soil  is  generally 
fertile.  Wheat,  barley,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products, 
and  many  hides  are  exported.  The  orange,  olive,  date 
palm,  and  other  tropical  fruit  trees  flourish  here.  Gold 
and  silver  are  said  to  be  found  in  this  county.  Capital, 
San  Diego.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $4,480,450. 
Pop.  in  1870,  4951;  in  1880,  8618. 

San  Diego,  a  post-town,  port  of  entry,  and  capital  of 
San  Diego  co.,  Cal.,  on  a  beautiful  bay  of  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
450  miles  S.S.E.  of  San  Francisco,  about  120  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Los  Angeles,  and  16  miles  from  the  Mexican  frontier. 
Lat.  32°  41'  N.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  formed  by  San  Diego 
Bay,  which  is  nearly  6  miles  long.  "There  is  a  depth  of  22 
feet  of  water  on  the  bar  at  low  tide.  It  contains  a  court- 
house, 2  banks,  5  hotels,  5  churches,  2  female  seminaries, 
an  academy,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  2  daily  and  2 
weekly  newspapers.  Hides,  whale  oil,  and  wool  are  the 
chief  articles  of  export.  San  Diego  has  a  mild  and  genial 
climate,  in  which  the  orange,  the  fig,  and  the  olive  flourish. 
The  equable  temperature  and  balmy  atmosphere  rendei 
this  city  an  excellent  place  for  a  sanitarium  and  resort  for 
invalids.  A  daily  sea-breeze  tempers  the  summer  air,  and 
the  nights  are  agreeably  cool.  The  maximum  tempera- 
ture is  about  85°  Fahr.,  the  entire  range  of  the  thcrmom- 
eter  being  only  about  50°.  San  Diego  is  on  the  California 
Southern  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  National  City  Pop.  in 
1880,  2637.  Four  miles  N.  stands  the  town  of  Old  San 
Diego,  within  the  city  limits,  the  new  town  having  mostly 
grown  up  since  1867. 

San  Diego,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Duval  co.,  Tex., 
about  55  miles  W.  of  Corpus  Christi.  It  has  2  churches 
and  15  stores.  Pop.  in  1880,  1572,  mostly  Mexicans.  The 
staple  products  of  this  countv  are  cattle  and  horses. 

San  Dieguito,  sin  de-i-gwee'to,  a  post-office  of  San 
Diego  CO.,  Cal. 

San'diford,  a  post-office  of  Philadelphia  co..  Pa.,  is  a 
branch  of  the  Philadelphia  post-office,  at  a  hamlet  2  miles 
from  Holmesburg. 

San'dige's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Amherst  co.,  Va.,  7  miles 
N.  of  Amherst  Depot.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Sanding,  Poolo,  poo'Io  sin-ding',  two  islands  off  the 
S.W.  coast  of  Sumatra,  near  the  S.E.  extremity  of  the 
Poggy  Isles,  in  which  group  they  are  sometimes  included. 

San'disfield,  »  post-hamlet  in  Sandisfleld  township, 
Berkshire  oo.,  Mass.,  about  30  miles  W.  of  Springfield.  The 
township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Farmington  River, 
and  has  manufactures  of  furniture,  leather,  Ac.  It  contains 
Montville  and  New  Boston.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1172. 

Sand  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co.,  111. 


SAN 


2379 


SAN 


Sand  Lake,  a  post-village  in  Nelson  township,  Kent 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Grand  Kapids  &  Indiana  Railroad,  26 
miles  N.  loy  E.  of  Grand  RapiJs.  It  has  a  church  and 
manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  about  600. 

Sand  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kandiyohi  cc,  Minn., 
25  miles  N.  of  Willmar.     It  has  a  church. 

Sand  Lake,  a  post-village  in  Sand  Lake  township, 
Kensselaer  CO.,  N.Y.,  about  10  miles  E.  of  Albany,  and 
12  miles  S.E.  of  Troy.  It  contains  several  churches,  a 
cotton-mill,  an  iron-foundry,  the  Sand  Lake  Collegiate 
Institute,  and  a  hosiery-factory.  Pop.  777.  The  township 
contains  a  village  named  West  Sand  Lake,  and  has  a  pop. 
of  2576. 

Sand  Lick,  a  post-ofiice  of  Colbert  cc,  Ala. 

Sand  Lick,  a  post-office  of  Buchanan  co.,  Va. 

Sand  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ala. 

Sand'nes,  a  township  of  Yellow  Medicine  co.,  Minn. 
Pop.  339. 

Sandoe,  one  of  the  Fiiroe  Islands.    See  Faroe. 

San  Domenico,  Adriatic.     See  San  Domino. 

Sandomier,  or  Sandomir,  sin-do-meen'  (Polish, 
Saudomierz,  sin-do'me-ainzh^),  a  town  of  Poland,  govern- 
ment of  Radom,  at  the  confluence  of  the  San  and  Vistula, 
61  miles  S.W.  of  Lublin.  Pop.  4749.  It  was  formerly  the 
residence  of  the  kings  of  Poland. 

Sandomil,  sin-do-meel',  a  town  of  Portugal,  province 
of  Beira,  27  miles  S.  of  Viseu.     Pop.  1577." 

San  Domingo.    See  Santo  Domingo. 

San  Domingo  River.    See  Rio  San  Domingo. 

San  Domino,  sin  do-mee'no,  or  San  Domenico, 
Bin  do-m5n'e-ko,  the  largest  of  the  Tremiti  Islands,  in  the 
Adriatic  Sea,  14  miles  N.  of  the  promontory  of  Gargano. 
Length,  2  miles ;  breadth,  1  mile. 

San  Dona,  siln  do'ni,  a  town  of  North  Italy,  18  miles 
N.E.  of  Venice,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Piave.     Pop.  5525. 

San  Donato,  sin  do-ni'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Caserta,  11  miles  E.  of  Sora.     Pop.  3112. 

Sandooklee,  or  Sandukli,  sin-doo'klee,  a  town  of 
Asia  Minor,  67  miles  S.  of  Kutaieh;  8  miles  S.  are  exten- 
sive ruins  of  an  ancient  city. 

Sando'val,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Til.,  on  the 
Illinois  Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Ohio  &  Mis- 
Bissippi  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Centralia,  and  9  miles  W. 
of  Salem.  Here  are  large  repair-shops  of  the  Ohio  &  Mis- 
sissippi Railroad.  It  has  3  chui-ches  and  a  graded  school. 
Pop.  in  1880,  564. 

Sand'over,  a  post-office  of  Abbeville  co.,  S.C. 

SandoAvay,  or  SandoAVy,  sin'do-wl',  a  town  of  Brit- 
ish Burmah,  in  Aracan,  40  miles  S.E.  of  the  island  of  Che- 
duba.     Lat.  18°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  94°  5'  B.     Pop.  1508. 

Sandoway,  a  district  of  Aracan,  bounded  W.  by  the 
gea,  and  E.  and  S.  by  the  Pegu  division,  British  Burmah. 
Area,  3667  square  miles.     Capital,  Sandoway.     P.  54,725. 

San'down,  or  Sandham,  a  town  of  England,  Isle  of 
Wight,  on  its  E.  coast,  2  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Brading.  The 
fine  sands  and  beauty  of  the  bay  attract  visitors.    P.  2320. 

San'down,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sandown  township,  Rock- 
ingham CO.,  N.II.,  on  the  Nashua  &  Rochester  Railroad,  19 
miles  N.E.  of  Nashua.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  496. 

San'doz  Knob,  or  Black  Brother,  North  Carolina, 
a  peak  of  the  Black  Mountains,  is  in  Yancey  co.,  about  4 
miles  N.  of  Clingnmn's  Peak.     Its  altitude  is  6619  feet. 

Sand  Patch,  a  post-village  in  Larimer  township, 
Somerset  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Washington  &  Balti- 
more Railroad,  34  miles  N.W.  of  Cumberland,  Md.  It  has 
a  cliurch. 

Sand  Point,  a  hamlet  of  Volusia  co.,  Fla.,  on  Indian 
River,  12  miles  AV.  of  Cape  Canaveral. 

Sand  Point,  a  post-village  in  Renfrew  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  river  Ottawa,  and  on  the  Brockvillo  &,  Ottawa  Rail- 
road, 74i  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Brockville.  It  contains  several 
stores.     Pop.  250. 

Sand  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  township  of  Tazewell  co., 
111.     Pop.  1046. 

Sand  Prairie,  a  station  in  Leo  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Keokuk  <fc  Des  Moines  Railroad,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Keokuk. 

Sand'ridge,  a  southern  suburb  of  Melbourne,  Australia, 
.with  docks  and  quays.     Pop.  63S8. 

.  Sand  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Grand  Tower  <fc  Carbondale  Railroad,  17  miles  AV.  of  Car- 
.  bondale. 

Sand  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  Oregon. 

Sand  River,  Cape  Colony.    See  Koussie  River. 

Sand  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ala. 

Sand  Run,  a  post-office  of  Upshur  co.,  AV.  Va. 
...    Sands,  a  postoffiqe  of  Marquette  co.,  Mich. 


Sand  Spring,  a  post-village  in  South  Fork  township, 
Delaware  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Dubuque  Southwestern  Railroad, 
37  miles  AV.S.AV.  of  Dubuque.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  broom-factory,  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  250. 

Sand  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Ky. 

Sand  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  AA'ebster  co.,  Mo.,  about 
22  miles  N.E.  of  Springfield. 

Sand'stone,  a  post-village  in  Sandstone  township, 
Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  about  33  miles  S.  of  Lansing.  The 
Michigan  Central  Railroad  passes  through  the  S.  part  of 
the  township.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1476. 

Sandstone,  a  post-office  of  Vernon  co.,  Mo.,  10  miles 
S.E.  of  Nevada. 

Sand  Town,  a  post-office  of  Campbell  co.,  Ga. 

Sand'town,  or  VVood'bury,  a  hamlet  of  Meriwether 
CO.,  Ga.,  IS  miles  AA^N.AV.  of  Thomaston.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  75.     Here  is  AVoodbury  Post-Office. 

Sandtown,  a  hamlet  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  3  milet 
from  Mcdford. 

Sandt's  Eddy,  a  post-office  of  Northampton  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Delaware  River,  5  or  6  miles  above  Easton. 

Sand  Tuck,  a  post-office  of  Elmore  co.,  Ala. 

Sandukli,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Sandooklek. 

Sandur,  a  state  of  India.    See  SuxnooR. 

Sandus'ky,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an 
area  of  about  430  square  miles.  It  is  partly  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  Sandusky  Bay  of  Lake  Erie,  is  intersected  by 
the  Sandusky  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Portage  River 
and  Green  and  Muddy  Creeks.  It  comprises  part  of  the 
tract  called  the  Black  Swamp.  The  surface  is  mostly  level, 
and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  white  oak,  ash, 
beech,  hickory,  sugar-maple,  elm,  black  walnut,  and  other 
trees.  The  soil  is  deep  and  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
oats,  cattle,  hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple  product's.  This 
county  has  quarries  of  Upper  Silurian  limestone.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  3  railroads, — the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan 
Southern,  the  Toledo,  Tiffin  k  Eastern,  and  the  Cincinnati, 
Sandusky  &  Cleveland.  The  Lake  Erie  <fc  Louisville  Rail- 
road connects  with  tho  first-named  road  at  Fremont,  which 
is  the  capital  of  this  county.  Valuation  of  real  and  per- 
sonal estate,  $17,353,597.  Pop.  in  1870,  25,503,  of  whom 
21,544  were  Americans;  in  1880,  32,057. 

Sandusky,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Alexander  co., 
111.,  on  the  Cairo  k  St.  Louis  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of  Cairo. 

Sandusky,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Mis- 
sissippi River,  and  on  the  Burlington  <fc  Keokuk  Railroad, 
5  miles  N.  of  Keokuk.     It  has  2  churches. 

Sandusky,  a  post-village  in  Freedom  township,  Cat- 
taraugus CO.,  N.Y.,  about  40  miles  S.E.  of  Bufialo.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  <fec.     Pop.  about  300. 

Sandusky,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  0.     Pop.  665. 

Sandusky,  a  city,  port  of  entry,  and  the  capital  of 
Erie  co.,  0.,  is  pleasantly  situated  oo  the  S.  shore  of  San- 
dusky Bay,  near  its  E.  end,  5  miles  from  Lake  Erie,  110 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Columbus,  49  miles  E.S.E.  of  Toledo, 
about  56  miles  by  water  AV.  of  Cleveland,  and  211  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  Lat.  41°  27'  N. ;  Ion.  82°  45'  W. 
In  all  seasons  except  winter  the  wharves  are  thronged  with 
steamboats  and  other  vessels  taking  in  and  discharging 
their  cargoes.  The  ground  on  which  the  city  stands  rises 
gradually  from  the  shore,  and  commands  a  beautiful  view 
of  the  bay,  enlivened  with  the  arrival  and  departure  of 
vessels.  'The  city  is  built  on  an  inexhaustible  bed  of  the 
finest  limestone,  a  good  material  for  building.  It  contains 
many  elegant  residences  and  churches  constructed  of  stono 
and  brick.  The  streets  are  lighted  with  gas.  Sandusky 
has  a  court-house,  22  churches,  a  high  school,  a  public 
library,  5  union  schools,  3  national  banks,  the  capital  of 
which  amounts  to  .$350,000,  a  custom-house,  and  printing- 
offices  which  issue  1  daily,  1  tri-weekly,  and  3  weekly  news- 
papers. One  of  the  weekly  papers  is  German.  It  has  also 
several  machine-shops,  and  manufactures  of  railroad  cars, 
engines  and  boilers,  cutlery  and  edge-tools,  wine,  beer,  and 
turned  and  carved  wood.  Among  its  chief  articles  of  ex- 
port are  cured  fish,  wool,  wheat,  flour,  apples,  grapes,  and 
other  fruits,  and  wine.  This  city  is  on  the  line  of  the  Lake 
Shore  k  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  and  is  the  northern 
terminus  of  the  Sandusky,  Mansfield  k  Newark  and  Cincin- 
nati, Sandusky  k  Cleveland  Railroads.     P.  (1880)  15,838. 

Sandusky,  a  township  of  Richland  co.,  0.     Pop.  682. 

Sandusky,  a  township  of  Sandusky  co.,  0.     P.  1570. 

Sandusky,  a  post-office  of  Grayson  co.,  Tex. 

Sandusky,  a  post-village  in  AVashington  township, 
Sauk  CO.,  AVis.,  14  miles  S.  of  Lavalle  Station,  and  about 
50  miles  N.AV.  of  Madison.  It  has  3  churches,  a  plough- 
factory,  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Sandusky  Bay,  Ohio,  is  a  part  of  Lake  Erie,  extend- 


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ing  inland  between  Erie  and  Ottawa  cob.  to  the  mouth  of 
Sandusky  Kiver.  It  is  about  15  wiles  long  by  5  miles  wide, 
and  tonus  an  oxocUent  harbor,  in  which  vessiols  oan  Ho  in 
safety  during  storms.     Un  its  shore  is  the  city  of  Sundusky. 

Nandusky  Juuction,  a  station  of  the  Luke  Shore 
Kailroad,  at  the  junotion  of  two  branohes,  3  luilet  B.  of 
Sandusky,  0. 

Sandusky  River*  Ohio,  rises  near  the  Vf.  border  of 
Kichlnnd  co.,  and  runs  westward  through  Crawford  co.  to 
Upper  Sandusky.  Below  this  place  it  runs  nearly  north- 
ward, intersects  the  cos.  of  Seneca  and  Sandusky,  and  enters 
the  W.  end  of  Sandusky  Bay.     It  is  about  16U  miles  long. 

Sandwich)  sand'wich  or  sand'wij,  a  cinque  i>ort  and 
town  of  England,  oo.  of  Kent,  on  the  S.  bank  of  tlie  Stour, 
2  miles  from  its  mouth  in  Pegwell  Bay,  on  the  Southeastern 
Railway,  4  miles  N.  of  Deal.  The  streets  are  irregular  and 
the  houses  antique.  It  has  3  parish  churches,  a  guild  hall, 
a  jail,  2  hospitals,  several  chapels,  and  a  free  grammar- 
vchool.  The  town  was  formerly  the  seaport  of  London,  but 
at  present  it  has  little  trade,  the  chief  exports  being  agri- 
cultural produce,  wool,  malt,  bark,  leather,  and  ashes,  and 
the  principal  import  coal.  It  returns  two  members  to  the 
House  of  Commons.  Near  it  is  Kichborough,  the  ancient 
Jlhiitupium,  on  the  decline  of  which  Sandwich  arose  in  the 
•ixth  century.     Pop.  3060. 

Sand'wich)  a  post-town  in  Somonauk  township,  De 
Kalb  CO.,  III.,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  <i;  Quincy  llail- 
road,  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Aurora,  and  57  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Chicago.  It  has  6  churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  ollices, 
and  manufiustures  of  corn-sbellors,  windmills,  harvesters, 
reapers,  ploughs,  cheese,  and  flour.     Pop.  about  2400. 

Sandwich)  a  post-village  in  Sandwich  township,  Barn- 
■tnble  CO.,  Mass.,  on  Cape  Cod  Bay,  and  on  the  Cape  Cod  di- 
vision of  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  62  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bos- 
ton. It  has  an  academy,  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
savings-bank,  and  manufactures  of  glass-ware,  jewelry- 
boxes,  and  tacks.  The  township  (which  contains  villages 
named  Monument,  North  Sandwich,  West  Sandwich,  and 
South  Sandwich)  is  bounded  on  the  Vf.  by  Buzzard's  Bay. 
Pop.  of  the  township  (1880),  3543;  of  Sandwich  village,  1369. 

Sandwich)  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  N.IL,  in  Sand- 
wich township,  about  48  miles  N.  of  Concord.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  is  surrounded  by  fine 
raountnin-scencry.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  S.W. 
by  Squam  Lake,  and  contains  villages  named  Centre  Sand- 
wich and  North  Sandwich.     Pop.  of  township,  1854. 

Sand'wich)  a  post-village  of  Ontario,  capital  of  the 
CO.  of  Essex,  on  the  Detroit  River,  opposite  the  city  of  De- 
troit. About  2  miles  N.E.  of  the  village  is  Windsor,  the 
terminus  of  the  Great  Western  Railway.  Sandwich  con- 
tains 2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  brewery,  a  number 
of  stores,  and  several  mills.  Here  are  Assumption  College 
and  a  house  of  Basilian  monks.     Pop.  1160. 

Sand'wich  Bay)  the  nnme  of  an  inlet  of  Labrador, 
and  also  of  one  in  the  island  of  Mallicollo,  in  the  Pacific. 

Sandwich  DomC)  a  mountain  of  New  Hampshire,  is 
partly  in  Sandwich  township,  on  the  boundary  between 
Carroll  and  Grafton  cos.  Height,  4000  feet.  It  commands 
one  of  the  grandest  panoramas  in  New  England. 

Sandwich  Island  is  the  name  of  two  islands  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  respectively  in  the  New  Hebrides  group,  lat. 
18°  52'  S.,  Ion.  168°  35'  E.,  and  S.W.  of  New  Ireland,  lat. 
2°  55'  S.,  Ion.  150°  44'  E. 

Sandwich  Islands.    See  Hawaii. 

Sand'y)  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Bedford,  at  a  railway 
junction,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Biggleswade.     Pop.  2117. 

Sand'y)  a  township  of  Stark  co.,  0.     Pop.  1116. 

Sandy)  a  township  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.     Pop.  1163. 

Sandy)  a  township  of  Winston  co.,  0.     Pop.  302. 

Sandy)  a  post-office  of  Clackamas  co.,  Oregon. 

Sandy)  a  post-office  of  Blanco  co.,  Tex. 

Sandy,  a  post-village  of  Salt  Lake  co.,  Utah,  on  the 
Utah  Southern  Railroad,  13  miles  S.  of  Salt  Lake  City.  It 
has  several  mills  and  furnaces. 

Sandy)  Jackson  co.,  W.  Va.    See  Sandyvillb. 

Sandy  Bay)  a  post-hamlet  in  Carlton  township,  Ke- 
waunee CO.,  Wis.,  on  Lake  Michigan. 

Sandy  Bay)  a  village  of  Tasmania,  on  the  Derwent, 
eo.  of  Buckingham. 

Sandy  Bay)  New  Zealand,  is  near  the  N.  extremity 
of  New  Ulster  (North  Island). 

Sandy  Bay)  a  post-village  in  Rimouski  co.,  Quebec, 
on  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  9  miles  from  Metis.     Pop.  250. 

Sandy  Beach)  a  post-village  in  Gasp6  co.,  Quebec,  4 
miles  from  Gasp6  Basin.     Pop.  100. 

Sandy  Beach'eS)  a  post-settlement  in  Lunenburg  co., 
Nova  Scotia,  41  miles  W.  of  Halifax.     Pop.  120. 


Sandy  llot'toni)a  post-hamlet  of  Middlesex  eo.,  Va., 
30  miles  from  West  Point,  and  1  or  2  miles  from  a  steam- 
boat-lnnding  on  the  Bappahiinnoek. 

Sandy  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co..  Mo.,  30 
miles  S.W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Sandy  CovC)  a  maritime  village  of  Nova  Scotia,  co. 
of  Digby,  on  Digby  Neck,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Digby.     P.  400. 

Sandy  CovC)  a  settlement  in  Queens  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
li  miles  from  Liverpool.     Pop.  100. 

Sandy  Creek)  Alabama,  rises  in  Chambers  co.,  runs 
westward,  and  enters  the  Tallai^oosa  River  in  Talla|)fM)«a  co. 

Sandy  Creek)  Col.  and  Neb.    See  Bio  Sa.ndv  Ciikkk. 

Sandy  Creek)  Morgan  co.,  Oa.,  unites  with  Labor 
Creek  a  few  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Sandy  Creek)  Georgia,  runs  southeastward  through 
Wilkinson  co.,  and  enters  the  Oconee  River. 

Sandy  Creek)  Jefferson  oo.,  N.Y.,  is  formed  by  its 
North  and  South  Branches,  which  run  south  westward  and 
unite  near  Ellisburg.  It  enters  Lake  Ontario  about  2  miles 
from  the  junction  of  the  branches. 

Sandy  Creek)  New  York,  rises  in  Orleans  co.,  runs 
northeastward,  and  enters  Lake  Ontario  in  Monroe  co. 

Sandy  Creek)  Randolph  co.,  N.C,  enters  Deep  River 
from  the  N.  a  few  miles  E.  of  Ashborougb. 

Sandy  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Mercer  co.,  runs 
nearly  eastward,  and  enters  the  Alleghany  RLver  in  Ve- 
nango CO.,  about  5  miles  S.  of  Franklin. 

Sandy  Creek)  Ohio,  drains  parts  of  Carroll  and  Stark 
COS.,  runs  in  a  W.S.W.  dir«ctio&,  and  enters  the  Tuscarawas 
River  at  Bolivar. 

Sandy  Creek,  Texas,  rises  in  Gillespie  oo.,  and  enters 
the  Colorado  River  from  the  W.  in  Llano  co. 

Sandy  Creek,  of  Texas,  an  affluent  of  the  Navidad, 
enters  that  river  from  the  N.,  in  Jaokson  eo. 

Sandy  Creek,  in  the  S.  part  of  Virginia,  enters  Ban- 
istor  River  from  the  right,  near  Meadville,  in  Halifax  co. 

Sandy  Creek)  a  post-hamlot  of  Cumberland  co.,  Me., 
in  Bridgcton  township,  2  miles  from  Bridgeton.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Sandy  Creek,  or  Mur'ray,  a  hamlet  of  Orleans  co.. 
N.Y.,  in  Murray  township,  on  Sandy  Creek,  25  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Rochester.  It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 
Here  is  Murray  Post-Office. 

Sandy  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Sandy  Creek  township, 
Oswego  CO.,  N.Y.,  near  the  Syracuse  Northern  Railroad  and 
the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdcnsburg  Railroad,  44  miles 
N.  of  Syracuse,  and  31  miles  N.E.  of  Oswego.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  tannery,  several 
saw-mills,  and  a  high  school.  Pop.  986.  The  township 
(which  contains  also  the  village  of  Lacona,  nt  which  is 
Sandy  Creek  Station)  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Lake  On- 
tario.    Pop.  2736. 

Sandy  Creek,  township,  Franklin  co.,  N.C.    P.  1453. 

Sandy  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C. 

Sandy  Creek,  township,  Warren  co.,  N.C.     P.  2763. 

Sandy  Creek,  a  station  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Sandy  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  eo..  Pa.,  about 
11  miles  S.S.W.  of  Meadville. 

Sandy  Creek,  a  township  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.    P.  734. 

Sandy  Creek,  a  township  of  Venango  co..  Pa.   P.  1391. 

Sandy  Cross,  a  post-office  of  Oglethorpe  co.,  Ga. 

Sandy  Flat,  a  post-office  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C. 

Sandy  Ford,  a  post-village  of  Bedford  co.,  Va.,  8  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Buford's  Gap  Station.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
distillery. 

Sandy  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Ky. 

Sandy  Founda'tion,  a  post-office  of  Lenoir  co.,  N.C. 

Sandy  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chatham  co.,  N.C,  14 
miles  S.  of  Graham. 

Sandy  Grove,  township,  Clarendon  oo.,  S.C.    P.  317. 

Sandy  Hill,  a  post-village,  one  of  the  capitals  of 
Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Kingsbury  township,  on  the  E. 
bank  of  the  Hudson  River,  and  on  the  Glens  Falls  Branch 
Railroad,  which  connects  at  Fort  Edward  with  the  Rensse- 
laer &  Saratoga  Railroad,  about  66  miles  N.  of  Albany,  4 
miles  N.  of  Fort  Edward,  and  3  or  4  miles  E.  of  Glens 
Falls.  It  contains  7  churches,  an  academy,  a  national  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  several  paper-mills  and  saw-inills, 
for  which  the  river  afibrds  motive-power.     P.  (1880)  24S7. 

Sandy  Hill,  apost-offioo  of  Perry  co..  Pa. 

Sandy  Hook,  a  narrow  sandy  peninsula  of  Monmouth 
CO.,  N.J.,  extending  northward.  It  is  about  6  miles  long, 
and  lies  between  the  Atlantic  Ocean  and  Sandy  Hook  Bay, 
nearly  16  miles  S.  of  New  York  City.  On  the  N.  point  is 
a  fixed  light  90  feet  high. 

Sandy  Hook,  a  post-village  in  Newtows  township, 


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Fairfield  co.,  Conn.,  on  the  Housatonic  Railroad,  20  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Bridgeport,  and  about  10  miles  E,  of  Danbury. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  the  factory  of  the  New  York  Belting 
&  Packing  Company. 

SandK  Hook,  or  Mar'tinsbnrg,  a  post-village,  cap- 
ital of  Elliott  CO.,  Ky.,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Grayson,  and  about 
80  miles  E.  of  Lexington.     It  has  2  churches. 

Sandy  Hook,  a  village  and  station  of  Washington  co., 
Md.,  on  the  Potomac  River,  opposite  Harper's  Ferry,  and 
on  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  80  miles  W.  of  Balti- 
more. It  has  a  church.  Pop.  about  300.  The  name  of 
its  post-office  is  Keep  Tryst. 

Sandy  Hook,  a  post-oflRce  of  Rappahannock  co.,  Va. 

Sandy  Hook  Pier,  a  station  in  Monmouth  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad,  20  miles  S.  of  New 
York.     It  is  on  the  ocean,  and  on  a  low,  sandy  peninsula. 

Sandy  Lake,  a  post-borough  of  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  1  mile 
from  a  small  lake  of  the  same  name,  14  miles  (direct,  or  20 
miles  by  rail)  AV.S.W.  of  Franklin,  and  22  miles  S.  of 
Meadville.  It  is  on  the  Franklin  division  of  the  Lake 
Shore  Railroad.  It  has  7  churches,  a  bank,  a  savings- 
bank,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  machine-shop, 
a  foundry,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  800. 

Sandy  Lev'el,  a  post-office  of  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va. 

Sandy  Mount,  a  village  of  Ireland,  in  Leinster,  co. 
and  2i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Dublin,  on  Dublin  Bay. 

Sandy  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Llano  co.,  Tex. 

Sandy  Mush,  a  post-township  of  Buncombe  co.,  N.C., 
40  miles  from  Old  Fort.     Pop.  894. 

Sandy  Neck,  on  the  W,  side  of  the  entrance  to  Barn- 
stable Bay,  Mass.,  has  a  fixed  light.  Lat.  41°  44'  N. ;  Ion. 
70°  15'  W. 

Sandy  Plains,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  N.C.,  5  miles 
from  Landrum's  Station,  S.C,  and  2  miles  S.E.  of  Columbus. 

Sandy  Plains,  a  post-office  of  Patrick  co.,  Va. 

Sandy  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waldo  co..  Me.,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Penobscot  River,  4  miles  S.  of  Bucksport.  It 
has  a  church. 

Sandy  Point,  Massachusetts.     See  Great  Point. 

Sandy  Point,  a  post-office  of  Brazoria  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  International  &  Great  Northern  Railroad,  28  miles  S. 
by  W.  of  Houston. 

Sandy  Point,  a  town  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  the  island 
of  St.  Christopher,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Basse-Terre. 

Sandy  Point,  a  post-settlement  and  fishing-station  in 
Shelburne  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  9  miles  from  Shelburne.    P.  500. 

Sandy  Point,  a  village  on  the  French  Shore,  New- 
foundland, the  chief  settlement  in  St.  George  Harbor.  It 
chiefly  depends  upon  the  spring  herring-fisheries,  the 
schooners  going  north  for  the  Labrador  herring  in  the  fall 
of  the  year.  The  trading  is  principally  carried  on  with 
Halifax,  Nova  Scotia.  There  is  an  English  church  on 
Sandy  Point,  also  a  Catholic  church.     Pop.  406. 

Sandy  Kidge,  a  post-village  of  Lowndes  co.,  Ala.,  7 
miles  E.  of  Calhoun  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  an  acad- 
emy, and  a  steam  grist-mill. 

Sandy  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  Ga.,  about 
38  miles  S.E.  of  Atlanta.     It  has  2  churches. 

Sandy  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Stokes  co.,  N.C. 

Sandy  Ridge,  township,  Union  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1690. 

Sandy  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Centre  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Tyrone  &  Clearfield  Branch  Railroad,  29  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Altoona.     Here  are  coal-mines. 

Sandy  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Jefiforson  co.,  Tenn. 

Sandy  (or  Big  Sandy)  River,  an  affluent  of  the 
Ohio,  is  formed  by  the  Tug  Fork  and  West  Fork,  which 
unite  at  Louisa,  Ky.  It  runs  northward,  forms  part  of 
the  boundary  between  Kentucky  and  West  Virginia,  and 
enters  the  Ohio  River  at  Catlettsburg,  18  miles  (direct)  N. 
of  Louisa.  The  Tug,  or  East  Fork,  rises  in  West  Vir- 
ginia, runs  nearly  northwestward,  and  forms  part  of  the 
boundary  between  Kentucky  and  West  Virginia.  The 
AVest  Fork,  sometimes  called  Louisa  Fork,  rises  in  the 
southwest  part  of  Virginia,  and  soon  passes  into  Kentucky. 
It  runs  northwestward  through  Pike  and  Floyd  cos.,  and 
northward  through  Johnson  co.  Each  of  these  forks  is 
about  160  miles  long.  Small  steamboats  can  ascend  the 
river  and  its  West  Fork  nearly  100  miles.  It  is  sometimes 
called  Chatterawah. 

Sandy  River,  Maine,  rises  in  Franklin  co.,  and  runs 
southeastward  to  Farmington.  It  finally  runs  northeast- 
ward, and  enters  the  Kennebec  River  in  Somerset  co.,  about 
6  miles  above  Norridgewock. 

Sandy  River,  Michigan,  a  small  stream  which  rises 
in  the  W.  part  of  the  peninsula,  and,  flowing  W.,  enters  Lake 
Michigan  in  Mason  co. 

Sandy  River,  Oregon,  rises  in  Clackamas  co.,  runs 


northwestward  through  Multnomah  co.,  and  enters  the  Co- 
lumbia River  about  14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Portland. 

Sandy  River,  South  Carolina,  a  small  stream  which 
enters  Broad  River  at  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Chester  co. 

Sandy  River,  plantation,  Franklin  co..  Me.    Pop.  111. 

Sandy  River,  a  post-office  of  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va. 

Sandy  Run,  township,  Cleveland  co.,  N.C.     P.  1191. 

Sandy  Run,  a  mining  and  post-village  in  Foster  town- 
ship, Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Pond  Creek  Branch  of  the 
Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  10  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Hazle- 
ton.     It  has  a  coal-breaker,  a  colliery,  and  70  dwellings. 

Sandy  Run,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
North  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Phila- 
delphia, with  large  quarries  and  lime-kilns. 

Sandy  Run,  township,  Lexington  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  643. 

Sandy  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,Md., 
18  miles  N.  of  Washington,  D.C.  It  has  a  Friends'  meet- 
ing, a  savings-institution,  a  steam  flouring-mill,  a  boarding- 
school  for  girls,  3  stores,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Sandy  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Grant  eo..  Ark. 

Sandy  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  N.C. 

San'dyston,  a  township  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.    Pop.  1230. 

San'dy  Val'Iey,  a  post-village  in  Winslow  township, 
Jefferson  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Low  Grade  division  of  the  Alle- 
ghany Valley  Railroad,  17  miles  E.  of  Brookville.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 

San'dyville,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Union  township,  9  miles  E.  of  Indianola,  and  about  22 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  2  churches  and  3  gen- 
eral stores. 

Sandyviile,  a  post-village  in  Sandy  township,  Tus- 
carawas CO.,  0.,  on  Sandy  Creek,  12  miles  S.  of  Canton. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  3  stores.  Coal  is  found 
here.     Pop.  227. 

Sandyviile,  a  village  of  Jackson  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  Sand 
Creek,  8  miles  N.  of  Ripley.  It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  a 
flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  3  stores,  and  tobacco-works.  Here  is 
Sandy  Post-Office. 

San'dywoods,  a  township  of  Scott  co..  Mo.    Pop.  777. 

San'el,  a  post-office  of  Mendocino  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Rus- 
sian River,  about  95  miles  N.N.W.  of  San  Francisco.  Pop. 
of  Sanel  township,  371. 

San  Elizario,  sin  i-le-zi're-o,  a  post-village  of  El 
Paso  CO.,  Tex.,  on  the  Rio  Grande.  It  has  a  church,  a 
manufactory  of  Mexican  blankets,  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop. 
in  1880,  810. 

San  Fele,  sin  fi'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Po- 
tenza,  3  miles  from  Melfi.     Pop.  of  commune,  10,536. 

San  Felice,  sin  fi-lee'chi,  a  town  of  Italy,  12  miles 
W.  of  Terracina,  near  the  sea,  and  not  far  from  the  site  of 
the  ancient  Cireeeum. 

San  Felice,  sin  fi-lee'chi,  a  village  of  Italy,  16  miles 
N.E.  of  Brescia,  on  the  W.  bank  of  Lago  di  Garda.    P.  1030. 

San  Felice,  a  village  of  Italy,  4  miles  E.S.E.  of  Mi- 
randola.     Pop.  of  commune,  8429. 

San  Felice  a  Cancello,  sin  fi-lee'chi  i  kin-chSl'lo, 
a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  6  miles  S.E.  of  Caserta,  with 
mineral  springs.     Pop.  7375. 

San  Felices  de  los  Gallegos,  sin  fi-lee'thSs  dk 
loce  gil-vi'goce,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  66  miles 
S.W.  of  Salamanca.     Pop.  1993. 

San  Felipe,  sin  fi-lee'pi,  a  post-office  of  Santa  Clara 
CO.,  Cal. 

San  Felipe  (Sp.  pron.  sin  fi-lee'pi,  usually  pronounced 
by  the  Texans  san  fil'ip),  a  post-village  of  Austin  co., 
Tex.,  on  the  Brazos  River,  about  50  miles  W.  of  Houston. 
It  is  18  miles  N.  of  East  Bernard  Station.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  in  1870,  238;  in  1880,  156. 

San  Felipe,  a  village  of  Kinney  co.,  Tex.     Pop.  161. 

San  Felipe,  sin  fi-lee'pi,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  capi- 
tal of  Yaracuy,  60  miles  W.N.W.  of  Valencia.     Pop.  6360. 

San  Felipe,  a  fort  of  Honduras,  on  the  Golfo  Dulce. 
Lat.  15°  38'  N.;  Ion.  89°  1'  45"  W. 

San  Felipe,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  and  40  miles  N. 
of  Guanajuato. 

San  Felipe  de  Aconcagua,  sin  fi-lee'pi  di  i-kon- 
ki'gwi,  a  town  of  Chili,  capital  of  Aconcagua,  in  a  fine 
valley,  about  16  miles  from  the  Andes,  and  40  miles  N.  of 
Santiago.  Pop.  12,000.  It  is  regularly  built,  and  has  hand- 
some public  walks,  and  a  central  square,  in  which  are  the 
chief  public  buildings.    Near  it  are  copper-mines. 

San  Felipe  de  Austria,  Venezuela.    See  Cariaco. 

San  Felipe  de  Bacalar,  Yucatan.    See  Bacalar. 

San  Felipe  de  Jativa,  sin  fi-lee'pi  di  Hi'te-v,\ 
(anc.  Sxt'abit  or  Set'abis),  a  city  of  Spain,  near  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Albayda  and  the  Guadamar,  province  and  43 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Valencia.     Pop.  15,631.     It  has  manufa&- 


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turea  of  woollonsand  linens,  Roman  ruins,  and  magnificent 
remains  of  Moorish  architecture. 

San  Felipe  de  Linares.    See  Linares. 

San  Foliu  do  Guixols,  s&n  f4-le-oo'  di  gbe-nols',  a 
town  of  Spain,  provinoe  and  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Qerona, 
on  the  sea.     Pop.  6515. 

San  Feliu  de  Torello,  ain  fii-le-oo'  d&  to-rdl'yo,  a 
Tillage  of  Spain,  38  miles  N.E.  of  Barcelona,  on  the  Ter. 
Pop.  2396. 

San  Fernando,  s&n  fdn-n&n'do,  a  town  of  Chili,  cap- 
ital of  the  i>rovinco  of  Colohagua,  80  miles  by  rail  S.  of 
Santiago.     Pop.  5177. 

San  Fernando,  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Republic, 
on  the  La  Plata,  15  miles  by  rail  above  Buenos  Ayrea. 

San  Fernando,  Sicily.    See  Nizza  di  Sicilia. 

San  Fernando,  Spain.    See  Isla  de  Leox. 

San  Fernando,  shn  f^R-n&n'do,  a  post-village  of  Los 
Angeles  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Los  Angeles  division  of  the  South- 
ern Pacific  Railroad,  21  miles  N.N.W.  of  Los  Angeles. 

San  Fernando  de  Apnre,  s&n  fdn-n&n'do  d^  i,- 
poo'ri,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  capital  of  the  state  of  Apuro, 
on  the  river  Apuro,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Portuguesa,  70 
miles  S.  of  Calabozo.     Pop.  3053. 

San  Fernando  de  Catamarca.    See  Catamarca. 

San  Fernando,  Serra  de,  8£r'r&  di,  s&n  fdn-nin'- 
do,  or  Duirados,  doi-ri'doco,  a  mountain  of  South  Amer- 
ica, separates  the  Brazilian  province  of  Matto-Grosso  from 
the  Bolivian  territory  of  Chiquitos.  Lat.  18°  S.;  Ion.  69° 
to  60°  W. 

San  Fernan'do  Tun'nel,  a  station  in  Los  Angeles 
CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  26  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Loa  Angeles.     Here  is  a  tunnel  6957  feet  long. 

San  Filippo  d'Argiro,  Sicily.    See  Agira. 

San  Fla'ris,  post-office,  San  Miguel  co.,  New  Mexico. 

San'ford,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co.,  Fla.,  on  Lake 
Monroe,  an  expansion  of  St.  John's  River,  124  miles  above 
Palatka,  and  I  mile  from  Mellonville.  It  has  a  church,  a 
hotel,  a  money -order  post-office,  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Sauford,  Vigo  co.,  Ind.    See  SANnpoRO. 

Sanford,  a  post-village  in  Sanford  township,  York  co.. 
Me.,  on  the  Mousam  River,  about  35  miles  W.S.'W.  of 
Portland,  and  i  mile  S.  of  Springvale  Station,  which  is  on 
the  Portland  &  Rochester  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
graded  school,  and  2  or  3  woollen-mills,  in  which  carriage- 
robes  and  blankets  are  made.  It  is  often  called  Sanford 
Corner.  The  township  contains  a  larger  village,  named 
Springvale,  which  has  a  cotton-factory.  Mousam  River 
affords  water-power  for  many  mills.    Pop.  of  township,  2734. 

Sanford,  a  post-village  of  Midland  co.,  Mich.,  in  Je- 
rome township,  on  Tittabawassee  River,  and  on  the  Flint  A 
Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  28  miles  N.AV.  of  East  Saginaw.  It 
is  mainly  supported  by  the  lumber-business.    P.  about  200. 

Sanford,  a  post-township  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Erie  Railroad.  It  contains  a  large  part  of 
the  village  of  Deposit,  and  a  hamlet  named  Sanford,  which 
is  7  miles  N.W.  of  Deposit,  and  has  a  church.     Pop.  3659. 

Sanford,  a  post-village  of  Moore  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Raleigh  &  Augusta  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  West- 
ern Railroad  of  North  Carolina,  44  miles  S.S.W.  of  Raleigh, 
and  38  miles  N.W.  of  Fayettevillc. 

Sanford's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  5 
miles  N.E.  of  Watertown.  It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese- 
factory. 

Sanford  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfield  co.,  Conn., 
on  the  Danbury  &  Norwalk  Railroad,  8i  miles  S.  of  Dan- 
bury.     It  is  mostly  in  Ridgefield  township. 

San'ford ville,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  St.  Regis  River,  1  mile  from  West  Stockholm.  It  has 
a  church,  a  saw-mill,  2  shingle-mills,  and  9  houses. 

Sanfordville,  a  post-office  of  Accomack  co.,  Va. 

San  Francisco,  sin  frin-sis'ko,  a  city  and  county, 
and  the  commercial  metropolis  of  California,  is  situated 
in  lat.  37°  47'  35"  N.,  Ion.  122°  24'  15"  W.,  and  occupies 
the  end  of  a  peninsula  or  tongue  of  land,  with  the  bay  of 
the  same  name  as  its  E.  boundary,  and  the  Pacific  Ocean 
as  its  AV.  boundary.  Two  large  hills,  360  feet  and  294  feet 
respectively  in  height,  are  within  the  city,  and  render  the 
surface  uneven,  with  a  gentle  declivity  towards  the  bay. 
The  city  owes  much  of  its  commercial  importance  to  the 
bay.  The  origin  of  San  Francisco  is  asoribablo  to  a  grant 
of  four  leagues  of  land  made  by  the  Spanish  king,  after- 
wards confirmed  by  Congress,  and  now  wholly  within  the 
limits  of  the  municipality  which  extends  over  the  islands 
in  the  bay.  The  area  covered  by  the  city  and  county  is  50 
square  miles.  The  soil  on  which  the  city  is  built  is  very 
sandy,  and  in  the  vicinity,  particularly  towards  the  N.,  are 


a  number  of  sand-hills.  It  is  regularly  laid  out,  the  streets 
crossing  one  another  at  right  angles.  The  bouses  are  mostly 
built  of  wood,  which  is  preferred  because  it  is  less  liable  tu 
injury  by  earthquakes;  but  since  the  destructive  fires  that 
have  occurred  several  times,  laying  the  greater  part  of  the 
city  in  ruins,  marble,  granite,  and  torra-cotta  have  been 
extensively  used  for  building  purposes,  the  interior  frames 
being  of  iron  and  steel.  It  now  contains  many  well-built 
flre-proof  stores  and  banking-houses,  but  the  public  build- 
ings, as  a  whole,  are  not  imposing  in  character.  The  climate 
is  mild,  healthy,  and  peculiar.  The  mean  temperature  of 
January  is  49°  Fahr.,  of  July  57°,  and  of  the  year  about 
56°.  The  summer  is  so  cool  that  people  come  to  the  city 
from  the  interior  to  escape  the  heat.  There  is  but  one  rond 
leading  out  of  San  Francisco,  which  is  surrounded  by  water 
on  every  side  except  the  S. 

The  city  was  originally  built  around  a  semicircular  bay 
having  Rincon  Point  on  the  S.  and  Clark's  Point  on  the 
N.,  these  two  points  being  about  a  mile  apart.  All  the 
space  between  is  now  built  up,  the  warehouses  and  wharvea 
being  supported  by  piles  driven  into  the  water.  Clark'i 
Point  is  the  termination  of  Telegraph  Hill,  from  the  sum 
mit  of  which  a  very  extensive  view  may  be  had  of  the  sur- 
rounding country.  Directly  in  front  of  the  city,  but  dis- 
tant 5  or  6  miles,  is  Ooat  Island,  which  is  nearly  a  mile  in 
length.  It  is  a  barren,  rocky  place,  except  on  the  E.  side, 
where  there  is  some  cultivation  among  the  valleys.  The 
wholesale  business  part  of  San  Francisco  is  towards  the  city 
front.  Market  street,  a  broad  thoroughfare  running  S.W. 
from  the  bay,  may  be  said  to  divide  the  older  from  the  newer 
portions  of  the  city.  Most  of  the  new  buildings  have  been 
erected  S.  of  Market  street,  but  all  parts  of  the  city  have 
improved  greatly  within  a  few  years.  Several  of  the  prin- 
cipal streets  in  the  business  part  have  passenger  railways 
through  a  portion  of  their  extent. 

Montgomery  street  is  a  wide,  handsome  thoroughfare, 
and  a  fashionable  promenade.  On  Stockton  and  Dupont 
streets,  towards  the  southern  part  of  the  city,  are  many  fine 
residences  built  of  brick ;  west  of  Stockton  street,  and  on 
the  surrounding  hills,  are  many  handsome  houses  of  wood, 
but,  being  separated  from  the  rest  of  the  city,  they  are  com- 
paratively secure  in  case  of  fire.  Most  families  have  their 
residences  in  the  outskirts,  or  in  the  rear  of  the  town.  The 
principal  streets  are  paved  with  Belgian  blocks,  cobble- 
stones, or  planks. 

The  most  remarkable  buildings  are  the  new  city  hall,  the 
custom-house,  the  grand  opera-house,  merchants'  exchange, 
the  Palace  Hotel,  which  cost  $1,750,000,  the  Occidental 
Hotel,  the  Lick  House,  the  California  theatre,  the  mint,  the 
Bank  of  California,  the  Safe  Deposit  Bank,  the  Mercantile 
Library,  and  the  Baldwin  Hotel.  The  city  contains  100 
churches  (of  which  20  are  Catholic),  a  large  marine  hos- 
pital, a  city  hospital,  an  almshouse,  65  public  schools,  med- 
ical and  legal  colleges,  a  school  of  mechanic  arts,  an 
academy  of  sciences,  a  free  library,  a  mercantile  and  a 
mechanics'  library,  the  Odd-Fellows'  library,  a  law  library, 
many  daily,  weekly,  and  other  newspapers,  savings-  and 
other  banks,  11  public  squares.  Golden  Gate  Park  (1050 
acres),  and  orphan  asylums.  Steam  ferry-boats  ply  between 
this  metropolis  and  Oakland,  Saucelito,  Donahue,  Vallejo, 
and  San  Quentin,  which  are  termini  of  important  railroads 
traversing  the  state. 

San  Francisco  possesses  the  only  lart^e,  deep,  and  secure 
harbor  on  the  Pacific  coast  between  Victoria  and  Mazatlan, 
a  distance  of  2000  miles,  except  that  of  San  Diego.  In 
consequence  of  this  advantage,  and  of  its  ready  communi- 
cation with  the  interior,  it  enjoys  a  monopoly  of  the  com- 
merce of  the  Pacific  slope,  and  is  distinguished  by  its  im- 
mense accumulation  of  capital,  its  large  financial  opera- 
tions, and  its  speculation  in  mining  stocks.  About  60  ocean 
steamers  run  in  regular  lines  from  this  port  to  China,  Aus- 
tralia, Japan,  Panama,  Mexico,  Puget  Sound,  and  Victoria. 
The  harbor  has  an  entrance  35  feet  deep  at  low  tide,  and 
is  connected  with  the  ocean  by  a  strait  called  the  Golden 
Gate.  The  chief  articles  of  export  are  the  precious  metals, 
wheat,  flour,  wine,  quicksilver,  wool,  barley,  lumber,  and 
hides.  The  annual  export  of  wheat  is  almost  1,000,000 
tons,  and  the  total  value  of  exports  from  this  port  in  a  year, 
including  gold  and  silver,  about  $75,000,000.  Many  of 
the  mines  of  California,  Nevada,  Colorado,  Wyoming,  and 
Arizona  are  owned  by  citizens  of  San  Francisco. 

This  city  has  important  fishery  and  whaling  interests, 
sugar-refineries,  rolling-mills,  cigar-factories,  ship-yards, 
woollen-mills,  type-foundries,  boot-  and  sboe-factorie?, 
wire-cable-works,  cordage- works,  foundries,  machine-shops, 
sash-  and  door-factories,  tanneries,  breweries,  and  factories 
for  the  canning  of  fruits.    Iron  ship-building  is  extensively 


SAN 


2383 


SAN' 


carried  on,  tlio  war-ships  Charleston  and  San  Francisco 
having  been  constructed  here.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  Catholic 
archbishop.  It  is  supplied  with  gas  and  electric  light,  and 
with  water  brought  from  Pilarcitog  Creek  by  a  conduit 
nearly  25  miles  long. 

At  Uunter's  Point,  4J  miles  from  the  city  ball,  is  a  dry- 
dock,  hewn  out  of  solid  rock ;  it  is  said  to  be  one  of  the 
best  in  the  world.  At  the  branch  mint  of  San  Francisco, 
from  the  time  of  its  establishment  until  and  including  1879, 
nearly  two-thirds  of  all  the  money  coined  by  the  United 
States  was  produced;  but,  while  the  annual  amount  coined 
here  is  not  reduced,  more  is  now  coined  at  the  Philadelphia 
mint  and  other  branches. 

The  entrance  of  the  harbor  is  defended  by  Fort  Point, 
which  is  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  Golden  Gate,  4  miles  W.  of 
the  city  hall.  Another  fort  has  been  constructed  on  Alca- 
traz  Island,  2  miles  N.  of  the  city.  The  names  of  the  rail- 
roads that  terminate  on  the  Bay  of  San  Francisco  are  the 
Central  P.acific,  the  California  Pacific,  the  North  Pacific 
Coast,  the  San  Francisco  &  North  Pacific,  and  the  Southern 
Pacific,  of  which  the  last-named  alone  terminates  in  San 
Francisco,  while  the  others  are  directly  connected  with  the 
city  by  steam  ferries.  Horse-railways  run  in  all  directions, 
and  these  are  supplemented  by  omnibus-lines  to  some  of 
the  suburbs.  At  its  N.  end,  Montgomery  street  cannot  be 
ascended  by  vehicles,  on  account  of  a  steep  hill,  but  a  C'^ht 
of  easy  steps  is  provided  for  foot-travellers.  The  top  of  the 
hill  is  a  favorite  resort,  on  account  of  the  fine  view  itafibrds 
of  the  city  and  bay.  One  of  the  most  remarkable — though 
by  no  means  attractive,  except  to  the  curious — parts  of  the 
city  is  the  Chinese  quarter,  where  about  20,000  Chinese 
are  crammed  into  tenements  which  would  not  hold  5000 
Americans. 

This  place,  originally  called  Yerba  Buena  ("good  herb"), 
was  settled  by  Spaniards  about  1777.  Its  name  was  changed 
to  San  Francisco  in  1847,  at  which  time  the  population  of 
the  place  was  about  450.  The  discovery  of  gold  in  1848 
attracted  emigrants  and  adventurers  to  California  from 
nearly  every  country  of  the  globe,  and  caused  a  rapid  in- 
crease in  the  populiition  and  prosperity  of  San  Francisco, 
From  April  12,  1849,  to  January  29, 1850,  39,888  emigrants 
arrived  at  this  port  by  sea.  San  Francisco  was  incorporated 
as  a  city  in  1850.  Pop.  in  1860,  56,802  j  in  1870,  149,473; 
in  1880,  233,959;  in  1890,  298,997. 

San  Francisco,  a  port  on  the  W.  coast  of  Lower  Cali- 
fornia.    Lat.  30°  45'  N.;  Ion.  113°  40'  W. 

San  Francisco,  township,  Carver  co.,  Minn.    P.  760. 

San  Francisco  Bay,  California,  is  a  landlocked  por- 
tion of  the  Pacific  Ocean  contiguous  to  the  city  of  the  same 
name.  It  forms  the  W.  boundary  of  the  cos.  of  Alameda 
and  Contra  Costa,  and  extends  from  Sonoma  co.  in  a  S.S.E. 
direction  to  Alviso.  Its  length  is  about  55  miles,  includ- 
ing the  northern  part,  called  San  Pablo  Bay.  The  width 
varies  from  3  to  12  miles.  This  bay  forms  an  excellent 
harbor,  which  is  large  enough  to  admit  all  the  navies  of 
Europe  at  once.  The '  entrance  to  the  bay  is  a  channel 
called  the  Golden  Gate,  which  is  about  2  miles  wide.  See 
San  Pablo  Bay. 

San  Francisco  de  la  Montana,  s2,n  frdn-sis'ko  dk 
li  mon-ti'ni,  a  town  of  the  United  States  of  Colombia,  on 
the  Isthmus  of  Panama,  N.E.  of  Santiago. 

San  Francisco  de  Limache,  s3,n  frin-sis'ko  di 
le-ral'chi,  a  town  of  Chili,  province  and  about  60  miles 
S.E.  of  Valparaiso.     Pop.  2999. 

San  Francisco  de  Selva,  Chili.    See  Copiap6. 

San  Francisco  de  Tisnador,  siln  fr&n-sis'ko  d^ 
tees-nl-doR',  a  town  of  Venezuela,  state  of  Guarico,  20  miles 
S.AV.  of  Ortiz.     Pop.  9612. 

San  Francis'co  Mountain,  the  highest  peak  in 
Arizona,  is  85  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Prescott,  and  on  the  Col- 
orado plateau,  near  its  S.  border.  Height,  12,561  feet  above 
sea-level.  Lat.  35°  10'  N.;  Ion.  111°  45'  W.  It  is  largely 
of  volcanic  origin,  and  rises  5000  feet  above  the  plateau. 
Near  it  are  many  e.xtinct  volcanic  cones. 

San  Francisquito  (sin  frin-sis-kee'to)  Creek,  a 
small  stream  of  California,  running  in  a  general  E.  course 
between  San  Francisco  and  Santa  Clara  cos.,  falls  into  San 
Francisco  Bay. 

San  Fratello,  sin  fri-tfil'lo,  a  town  near  the  N.  coast 
of  Sicily,  province  of  Messina,  8  miles  E.  of  Santo  Stephano 
di  Camastra.     Pop.  7489. 

Sanfront,  sin-frftnt',  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Coni,  8  miles  W.  of  Saluzzo.     Pop.  4900. 

San  Fructuoso,  sin  frook-too-o'so,  one  of  the  prin- 
cipal towns  of  Uruguay,  about  110  miles  N.E.  of  Paysandd. 
It  has  a  considerable  trade  in  hides,  wool,  and  skins.  Pop. 
SOOO.     . 


Sanga,  sJn'gi,  a  town  of  Japan,  island  of  Kioo-Sioo, 
on  the  Gulf  of  Simabara,  55  miles  N.E.  of  Nagasaki.  It 
is  well  and  regularly  built,  and  intersected  by  canals.  It 
has  a  fine  palace  and  a  manufactory  of  porcelain. 

San  Ga'briel  (Sp.  pron.  sin  gi-bre-6l'),  a  small  river 
of  Los  Angeles  co.,  Cal.,  runs  S.,  and  enters  the  Pacific  near 
Wilmington. 

San  (liabriel,  a  small  river  of  Texas,  rises  near  the 
W.  extremity  of  Williamson  co.,  and,  flowing  E.,  enters 
Little  River  in  Milam  co.,  a  few  miles  S.W.  of  Cameron. 

San  Gabriel,  a  post-village  of  Los  Angeles  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of  Los  Angeles. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  ofiice,  and  manufactures  of 
wine,  brandy,  and  raisins.  Near  it  is  the  old  Spanish  mis- 
sion San  Gabriel. 

San  Gabriel,  a  post-oflico  of  Milam  co.,  Tex. 

San  Gabriel,  sin  gi-bre-fil',  a  small  island  of  South 
America,  in  the  estuary  of  the  La  Plata,  22  miles  N.E.  of 
Buenos  Ayres,  in  lat.  34°  30'  S. 

San  Gabriel,  one  of  the  Admiralty  Islands,  in  tho 
South  Pacific.     Lat.  2°  11'  S. ;  Ion.  147°  28'  E. 

San  Gabriel,  sin  gi-bre-6l',  a  fort  of  Brazil,  in  Par<i, 
on  the  Rio  Negro,  in  lat.  0°  7'  30"  S.,  Ion.  67°  20'  W. 

Sangai,  a  volcano  of  Ecuador.    Sec  Sancay. 

Sangalhos,  sin-gil'yoce,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province 
of  Douro,  12  miles  E.  of  Aveiro,  on  the  Agueda.     P.  2293. 

Sangam'nair,  or  Sangam'ner,  a  town  of  India, 
district  and  55  miles  N.W.  of  Ahmednuggur.     Pop.  9978. 

Sangamon,  sang'ga-mon,  a  county  near  the  middia 
of  Illinois.  Area,  about  860  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Sangamon  River,  and  also  drained  by  its 
South  Fork,  and  by  Spring,  Brush,  and  Sugar  Creeks.  The 
surface  is  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile,  a  large  portion 
of  it  being  prairie.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  hay,  oats,  cattle, 
pork,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  The  annual 
production  of  Indian  corn  in  this  county  is  several  million 
bushels.  It  has  mines  of  bituminous  coal,  the  annual  prod- 
uct of  which  is  about  76,000  tons.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  the  Wabash  Railroad,  the 
Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  the  Jacksonville  Southeastera 
Railroad,  and  the  St.  Louis,  Chicago  <fc  St.  Paul  Railroad. 
Capital,  Springfield,  which  is  also  tho  capital  of  the  state, 
and  is  situated  4  miles  S.  of  the  Sangamon  River.  Pop. 
in  1870,  46,352;  in  1880,  52,894;  in  1890,  61,195. 

Sangamon,  a  township  of  Piatt  co..  111.     Pop.  1380. 

Sangamon,  a  station  in  Sangamon  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Springfield. 

Sangamon  River,  Illinois,  is  formed  by  the  North 
and  South  Forks,  the  former  of  which  is  the  main  or  longest 
branch.  It  rises  near  Gibson,  and  drains  part  of  Chamj)aign 
CO.,  from  which  it  runs  southwestward  to  the  city  of  De- 
catur. It  next  flows  westward  through  Sangamon  co.,  • 
forms  the  N.  boundary  of  Cass  co.,  and  enters  the  Illinois 
River  about  9  miles  above  Beardstown.  The  Sangamon  ii 
nearly  240  miles  long,  including  tho  North  Fork.  Tho 
South  Fork  intersects  Christian  co.,  runs  northwestwanl 
into  Sangamon  co.,  and  joins  the  North  Fork  about  6  milca 
E.  of  Springfield. 

Sangamon  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Macon  co., 
111.,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Decatur. 

Sangar,  sin-gar',  or  Tsoogar  (Tsugar),  tsoo-gar', 
a  strait  communicating  between  the  North  Pacific  Ocean 
and  the  Sea  of  Japan,  and  separating  the  island  of  Hondo 
on  the  S.  from  that  of  Yesso  on  tho  N.  Matsmai,  the  cap- 
ital of  Yesso,  is  situated  on  a  bay  at  tho  N.W.  entrance. 

Sangarius,  the  ancient  name  of  Sakareeyaii. 

San  Gandenzio,  sin  gow-dfin'ze-o,  a  town  of  Italy, 
21  miles  E.N.E.  of  Florence. 

San  Gavino,  sin  gi-veo'no,  a  village  of  the  island  of 
Sardinia,  29  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  2846. 

Sangay,  sin-ghi',  a  remarkable  volcanic  mountain  of 
the  Andes,  in  Ecuador,  about  lat.  2°  7'  S.  It  has  a  height  of 
17,120  feet,  and,  having  been  in  a  state  of  almost  constant 
activity  since  1728,  has  covered  the  surrounding  district 
with  lava  and  ashes. 

Sangerticid,  sang'gh§r-feeld,  a  post- village  in  Sanger- 
field  township,  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Utica,  Chenango  A 
Susquehanna  Valley  Railroad,  at  SangerCeld  Centre  Station, 
23  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Utica.  It  has  a  church.  The  township 
also  contiiins  AVatervillc.     Pop.  of  township,  3171. 

Sangerhausen,  sing'^r-hdw'z^n,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  31  miles  W.N.W.  of  Merseburg,  at  tho  foot  of  the 
Ilarz  Mountains.  Pop.  8475.  It  has  manufactures  of 
woollens  and  linens. 

San  German,  sin  nSn-min',  a  town  in  tho  S.W.  part 
of  the  island  of  Porto  Rico,  Spanish  West  Indies. 

San  GermanO)  s&n  jSB-mi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov« 


SAN 


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SAN 


Ibm  of  Ca«erta,  11  miles  \Y.  of  Venafro.  Pop.  8766.  It 
if  Buppooed  to  be  tho  ancient  CViii'iium  Aqninium. 

Shu  Geronimo,  s&n  nil-ron'e-mo,  a  small  stream  of 
Marin  co.,  Cal.,  flows  into  the  Pacific.  It  is  noted  for  its 
■•Imon-fishorios. 

San  t«eronimo«  sin  H&-ron'e-mo,  a  town  of  the 
United  States  of  Colombia,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Antioquia. 

Sao  GeronimO)  s&n  H&-ron'e-mo,  a  viUago  of  Mex- 
ico, 16  miles  S.  by  W.  of  the  capital. 

San  Geronimo  de  I^u^  I'oru.    See  I9A. 

Sangerville,  sang'^b^r-vll,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sanger- 
Tille  township,  Piscataquis  co..  Me.,  on  the  Piscataquis 
River,  and  on  the  Bangor  A  Piscataquis  Railroad,  7  miles 
W.  of  Dover.  It  bos  1  or  2  churches,  a  woollen-factory, 
and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1140. 

Sangerville«  a  post-village  of  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  about 
20  miles  N.  of  Staunton.     It  has  a  church. 

San  GiacomOf  s&n  j&'ko-mo,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Salerno,  3  miles  S.  of  Diano.     Pop.  3108. 

San  Giacomo  di  Lnsiana,  s&n  ji'ko-mo  dee  loo- 
Be-&'n&,  a  village  of  Italy,  government  of  Venice,  17  miles 
N.  of  Viconia.     Pop,  2500. 

San  Gil,  s&n  Heel,  written  also  Saint  Giles,  a  town 
of  the  United  States  of  Colombia,  department  of  Boyaca, 
84  miles  S.W.  of  Pamplona.  It  was  founded  in  1690.  It 
has  a  college,  manufactures  of  tobacco  and  cotton  cloth,  and 
an  extensive  trade  in  agricultural  produce.     Pop.  6000. 

San  Gimigiano,  sin  je-meo-j&'no,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  24  miles  S.W.  of  Siena.     Pop.  2706. 

San  Gines  de  Agudells  de  Horta.    See  Horta. 

San  Ginesio,  s&n  je-n4'se-o,  a  town  of  Italy,  15  miles 
8.8. W.  of  MaceraU,  near  the  Fiastrella.     Pop.  5979. 

San  Giorgio,  s&n  jor'jo,  a  town  of  Italy,  10  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Verona,  with  a  fortress  on  the  Adige. 

San  Giorgio,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Cosenza, 
12  miles  W.  of  Rossano.     Pop.  1374. 

San  Giorgio,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Salerno,  8 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Salerno.     Pop.  4470. 

San  Giorgio,  or  San  Giorgio  Morgeto,  s&n  jor'jo 
raor-gd'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Reggio  di  Cala- 
bria, 10  miles  S.E.  of  Palmi.     Pop.  5258. 

San  Giorgio,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Leoee,  0 
miles  E.  of  Taranto.     Pop.  2316. 

San  Giorgio,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Asooli-Pi- 
oeno,  10  miles  W.  of  Fermo.     Pop.  3000. 

San  Giorgio  Canavese,  sLn  jor'jo  kS,-n&-v&'8&,  a 
town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ivrea,  near 
the  Orca.     Pop.  2917. 

San  Giorgio  di  Lomellina,  s&n  jor'jo  dee  lo-mll- 
Iee'n&,  a  town  of  Italy,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Novara.     P.  2544. 

San  Giorgio  Alaggiore,  sin  jor'jo  mid-jo'ri,  an 
island  of  the  Adriatic,  3  miles  S.S.E.  of  Venice. 

San  Giovanni,  sin  jo-r&n'nee,  a  town  of  Sicily,  22 
miles  N.  of  Girgenti.     Pop.  3311. 

San  Giovanni  a  Teduccio,  s&n  jo-v&n'nee  &  t&- 
doo'chee-o,  a  village  of  Italy,  on  the  sea,  province  and  3 
miles  S.E.  of  Naples,  of  which  it  is  a  suburb.     P.  11,1 16. 

San  Giovanni  di  Bettola,  s&n  jo-v&n'nee  dee  bdt- 
to'I&,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  about  20  miles  S.  by  W. 
of  Piacenza,  on  the  Nura.     It  contains  a  church. 

San  Giovanni  di  Moriano.  See  Saixt-Jean-de- 
Maurienne. 

San  Giovanni  di  Patino.    See  Patmos. 

San  Giovanni  Ilarione,  s&n  jo-v&n'nee  e-l&-re- 
o'n&,  a  town  of  Italy,  12  miles  W.  of  Vicenza.     Pop.  3290. 

San  Giovanni  in  Croce,  s&n  jo-v&n'nee  in  kro'ch&, 
a  town  of  Italy,  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cremona.     Pop.  2044. 

San  Giovanni  in  Fiore,  s&n  jo-v&n'nee  in  fe-o'r&, 
a  town  of  Italy,  25  miles  E.  of  Cosenza.     Pop.  9176. 

San  Giovanni  in  Galdo,  s&n  jo-v&n'nee  in  g&l'do, 
a  town  of  Italy,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Campobasso.     Pop.  1761. 

San  Giovanni  in  Medua,  s&n  jo-v&n'nee  in  m&'- 
doo-&,  a  harbor  of  Albania,  immediately  N.  of  the  mouth 
of  the  Drin. 

San  Giovanni  in  Persiceto,s&n  jo-v&n'nee  in  dCr- 
ee-ch&'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Emilia,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Bologna.     Pop.  3290,  or,  with  suburbs,  4678. 

San  Giovanni  Rotondo,  s&n  jo-v&n'nee  ro-ton'do, 
a  town  of  Italy,  19  miles  E.N.E.  of  Foggia.     Pop.  7358. 

Sangir,  or  Sanguir,  s&n-gheer',  an  island  of  the  Ma- 
lay Archipelago,  midway  between  Celebes  and  Mindanao, 
in  lat.  3<*  28'  N.,  Ion.  125°  44'  E.  Length,  30  miles; 
average  breadth,  10  miles.  The  surface  is  mountainous, 
apd  in  its  centre  is  a  volcano. 

San  Ginliano,  s&n  jool-y&'no,  or  Saint  Ju'iian,  a 
village  and  bay  of  Malta,  li  miles  N.  of  Valetta. 

San  Ginliano  di  Sepino,  s&n  jool-y&'no  dee  si- 


peo'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Campobasso,  9  mile* 
S.S.E.  of  Larino.     Pop.  3C01. 

Sau  (•iulio,t<&n  juo'lc-o,  nn  island  and  village  of  Italy, 
in  the  Lake  of  Orta,  with  a  collegiate  church  and  1400  in- 
habitants. It  is  famous  for  its  heroic  defence  in  the  tenth 
century  by  Villa,  wife  of  Borengarius. 

San  Giuseppe  Jato,  s&n  joo-s£n'p&  j&'to,  a  town  of 
Sicily,  province  and  18  miles  S.W.  of  Palermo.    Po{).  5081. 

San  Giuotino,  s&n  joos-too'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
Umbria,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Urbino.     Pop.  4538. 

Sang-Koi,  s&ng-koi',  Song>Cn,  song-k&',  or  Ton- 
quin  (tun-keen')  itiver,  rises  in  the  Chinese  province  of 
Yun-Nan,  flows  S.  E,,  and  enters  the  Oulf  of  'ronquin  bv 
many  mouths,  between  lat.  20°  and  21°  N.  and  Ion.  10i(° 
and  107°  E.  Its  total  course  is  estimated  at  600  miles.  Id 
its  upi)er  part  it  is  called  the  Ilo-Ti-Kiang. 

Sango,  s&n'go,  a  river  of  Madagascar,  flows  N.W.,  nnd 
falls  into  the  Channel  of  Mozambique  about  lat.  21°  S., 
after  a  course  of  about  160  miles. 

Sangora,  s&n-go'r&,  a  town  of  Siam,  on  a  bay  on  tho 
W.  side  of  tho  Oulf  of  Siam,  90  miles  S.E.  of  Ligor,  in  lat. 
7°  15'  N.,  Ion.  101°  E.  It  is  divided  into  Siamese,  Chi- 
nese, and  Malay  quarters,  is  partly  built  of  brick,  and  on 
the  heights  around  it  are  numerous  pngodas. 

San  Gorgonio,  s&n  goR-go'ne-o,  a  station  of  San  Ber- 
nardino CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad  (Yuma 
division),  80J  miles  E.  of  Los  Angeles. 

San  Gorgonio,  Mount,  California,  is  a  peak  of  the 
Coast  Range,  near  Int.  33°  48'  N.  Its  altitude  is  estimated 
at  7000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Sangre  de  Cristo,  g&n'gr&  d&  krces'to,  a  mountain- 
range  of  Colorado,  which  forms  the  E.  boundary  of  the 
San  Luis  Park,  trending  nearly  N.  and  S.  This  range  is 
one  of  the  finest  and  best  defined  in  Colorado,  nnd  presents 
many  remarkable  peaks,  the  highest  of  which  is  Blanca 
Peak,  having  an  altitude  of  14,464  feet  above  the  sea-levcI. 
"The  highest  mountains  of  the  range,"  says  Prof.  Endlich, 
"are  formed  by  metamorphics,  among  which  grnnites  and 
gneissoid  schists  are  the  favorites.  "The  Trenchara  group, 
however,  the  highest  peak  of  which  is  over  13,000  feet  above 
the  sea-level,  shows  sedimentary  beds  to  the  very  summit." 

Sangre  de  Cristo,  a  post-ofiice  of  Saguache  co..  Col. 

San  Gregorio,  s&n  gr&-go're-o,  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  of  Catanzaro.     Pop.  2243. 

San  Gregorio,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Salerno, 
17  miles  E.  of  Campagna.  Pop.  4732.  An  island  of  Bal- 
matia  and  a  bay  of  Patagonia  nave  this  name. 

San  Gregorio,  s&n  gr&-go're-o,  a  post-hamlet  of  San 
Mateo  CO.,  Cal.,  in  a  valley  of  its  own  name,  near  the  ocean, 

24  miles  S.S.W.  of  Redwood  City.     It  has  a  church. 
Sangro,  s&n'gro  (anc.  Sa'grug),  a  river  of  Italy,  prov- 
inces of  Chieti  and  Aquila,  rises  S.E.  of  the  Fucine  Lake, 
and,  after  an  E.  and  N.E.  course  of  65  miles,  enters  the 
Adriatic  12  miles  S.E.  of  Ortona. 

Sanguesa,  s&n-gw&'s&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 

25  miles  S.E.  of  Pamplona,  on  the  Aragon.     Pop.  3312. 
Sanguinetto,?&n-gwce-n5t'to  (the  "rivulet  of  blood"), 

a  rivulet  of  Italy,  in  Umbria,  flows  into  the  Lake  of  Pe- 
rugia on  its  N.  side.  Its  banks  are  supposed  to  have  been 
the  chief  scene  of  slaughter  in  the  battle  of  Thrasymcno, 
whence  its  name. 

Sangwin,  s&ng'gwin'  or  s&ngVeen',  a  river  of  Liberia, 
enters  the  Atlantic  120  miles  N.AV.  of  Cape  Palmas.  At 
its  mouth  is  a  village  of  the  same  name. 

San  Ignacio  de  Agatia.    See  Agana. 

San'ilac,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Michigan,  has  an 
area  of  about  940  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  Lake  Huron,  and  is  drained  by  Black  and  Cass  Rivers, 
which  rise  in  it.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level, 
and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  oak, 
sugar-maple,  <fec.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  AVheat,  oats, 
hay,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products  of  the  farms,  and 
lumber  is  the  chief  article  of  export.  Capital,  Le.\ington. 
Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $3,547,074.  Poj).  in 
1870,  14,562,  of  whom  6852  were  Americans;  in  1874, 
16,292;  in  1880,26,341. 

Sanilac,  a  township  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  198S. 

San  Ildefonso,  s&n  eel-d&-fon'so,  or  La  Granja, 
1&  gr&ng'H&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  6  miles  S.E. 
of  Segovia,  and  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Madrid.  Pop.  1815. 
The  celebrated  palace  of  La  Granja,  3840  feet  above  the 
sea,  was  built  by  Philip  V.  It  contains  a  rich  church, 
and  many  fine  apartments  and  works  of  art,  and  is  enclosed 
by  grounds  with  splendid  water-works. 

San  Ildefonso,  s&n  eel-dd-fon'so,  a  group  of  islets 
in  the  South  Atlantic,  80  miles  W.  of  Cape  Horn. 

San  Ildefonso,  s&n  eeI-d&-fon'so,  a  pueblo  or  Indian 


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town  of  New  Mexico,  in  Santa  F6  co.,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Santa 
P6.     It  has  a  church. 

San  Isabel,  sin  e-si-bSl',  a  post-oflSce  of  Saguache 
CO.,  Col. 

San  Isidro,  sin  e-see'dro,  a  town  of  the  Argentine 
Kepublic,  12  miles  N.  of  Buenos  Ayres.     Pop.  1200. 

San  Jacinto,  sin  ja-sin'to,  a  county  in  the  S.B.  part 
of  Texas,  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Trinity  River.  It 
IS  partly  drained  by  the  East  Fork  of  San  Jacinto  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  partly 
covered  with  forests  of  oak,  pine,  Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Corn,  cotton,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  Capital, 
Cold  Spring.  The  census  of  1870  gives  no  statistics  of  this 
county.     Pop.  in  1880,  6186. 

San  Jacinto,  a  post-office  of  San  Diego  co.,  Cal. 

San  Jacinto,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jennings  co.,  Ind., 
on  Graham's  Creek,  18  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Madison.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

San  Jacinto,  a  village  of  Harris  co.,  Tex.,  on  Galves- 
ton Bay,  at  the  mouth  of  the  San  Jacinto  River,  about  20 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Houston.  It  has  a  ship-yard  and  a  saw- 
mill. It  was  destroyed  by  the  cyclone  of  September,  1875. 
In  April,  1836,  the  Texans  hero  gained  a  victory  which 
decided  the  independence  of  Texas. 

San  Jacinto  River,  Texas,  rises  a  few  miles  W.  of 
Huntsville,  runs  in  a  S.S.E.  direction  through  Montgomery 
and  Harris  cos.,  and  enters  Galveston  Bay  about  20  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Houston. 

San  Jaime,  sin  ni'mi,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  on  the 
Portuguesa,  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  San  Fernando  de  Apure. 

San  Javier  de  Loncomilla,  sin  niVe-aiR'  di  lon- 
ko-meel'yi,  a  town  of  Chili,  province  of  Linares.  Pop.  4715. 

San  Joaquin,  sin  wah-keen',  a  river  of  California, 
rises  in  the  Sierra  Nevada,  near  the  N.E.  extremity  of 
Fresno  co.,  runs  southwestward  to  Millorton,  and,  turning 
gradually  to  the  right,  enters  the  great  central  valley  of 
California,  in  which  its  general  direction  is  N.N.W.  It 
intersects  the  cos.  of  Merced,  Stanislaus,  and  San  Joaquin, 
and  unites  with  the  Sacrnmento  River  near  its  mouth, 
which  is  at  the  E.  end  of  Suisun  Bay.  Its  length  is  esti- 
mated at  400  miles.  In  San  Joaquin  co.  it  is  divided  into 
three  channels,  which  are  bordered  by  extensive  tide 
marshes.  The  valley  of  this  river  is  fertile  and  nearly  des- 
titute of  forests.  The  San  Joaquin  is  navigable  for  steam- 
boats of  moderate  size.  Its  largest  affluents  are  the  Merced, 
Tuolumne,  and  Stanislaus  Rivers.  The  North  Fork  of  the 
San  Joaquin  runs  in  a  canon  more  than  3000  feet  deep. 

San  Joaquin,  a  county  of  California,  is  a  part  of  the 
great  central  valley  which  lies  between  the  Coast  Range 
and  the  Sierra  Nevada.  Area,  about  1300  square  miles.  It 
is  partly  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Stanislaus  River,  and 
is  intersected  by  the  San  Joaquin,  Calaveras,  and  Mokel- 
uinne  Rivers.  The  surface  is  mostly  a  level  plain,  desti- 
tute of  forests,  except  narrow  fringes  of  oak  trees  growing 
on  the  banks  of  several  rivers.  The  soil  is  deep  and  very 
fertile.  AVheat,  barley,  hay,  cattle,  and  wine  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  produced  in  1870  more  wheat  and 
more  barley  than  any  other  county  of  the  state.  The 
quantity  of  wheat  was  2,360,925  bushels,  and  that  of  bar- 
ley was  1,027,016  bushels.  The  northwestern  part  of 
the  county  presents  a  vast  expanse  of  marsh,  called  tide 
land,  which  is  overgrown  with  a  species  of  rush  called  tule 
and  is  submerged  during  high  water.  The  area  of  this 
marshy  tract  is  said  to  be  200,000  acres.  In  the  San  Joa- 
quin valley  the  deposit  of  alluvium  or  drift  is  so  thick  that 
an  artesian  well  was  bored  to  the  depth  of  1000  feet  before 
any  stratum  of  rock  was  reached.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  a  branch  of  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad  and  by  the 
Stockton  &  Copperopolis  Railroad.  Capital,  Stockton.  Val- 
uation of  real  and  personal  estate,  $23,472,805.  Pop.  in  1870, 
21,050,  of  whom  14,824  were  Americans;  in  1880,  24,349. 

San  Joaquin,  a  township  of  Sacramento  co.,  Cal. 
Pop.  1073. 

San  Joaquin,  a  post-hamlet  of  San  Joaquin  co.,  Cal., 
on  San  Joaquin  River,  77  miles  E.  by  S.  of  San  Francisco. 

San  Joaquin,  township,  Stanislaus  co.,  Cal.    P.  1015. 

San  Joaquin,  sin  Ho-a-keen',  a  village  of  Paraguay, 
100  miles  E.N.E.  of  Assumption. 

Sanjore,  sin-j3r',  or  Sachore,  si-eh5r',  a  town  of 
India,  130  miles  W.  of  Odeypoor. 

San  Jorge,  sin  HOK'ni  {i.e.,  "Saint  George"),  a  river 
of  the  United  States  of  Colombia,  joins  the  Cauca  30  miles 
B.W.  of  Mompox,  after  a  N.E.  course  of  180  miles. 

San  Jorge  d'OIancho,  sin  Hou'Hi  do-lin'cho,  a 
town  of  Honduras,  80  miles  S.S.W.  of  Trujillo  (Truxillo). 

San  Jos6,  sin  no-si',  one  of  the  Pearl  Islands,  in  the 
Qulf  of  Panama,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Isla  del  Key. 


San  Jos^,  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  California,  100 
miles  S.E.  of  Loreto.     Length,  25  miles. 

San  Jos^,  sin  no-si',  a  town  of  Bolivia,  province  of 
Chiquitos.  Lat.  17°  40'  S. ;  Ion.  64°  40'  W.  Pop.  2000. 
Near  it  is  a  chain  of  hills  called  the  Sierra  de  San  JosS. 

San  Jos6  (Port.  Sao  Jozi,  s5wko  zho-zi'),  a  town  of 
Brazil,  province  of  Pard.,  on  the  Rio  Negro.     Pop.  800. 

San  Jos6,  sin  Ho-sa',  a  township  of  Los  Angeles  co., 
Cal.     Pop.  474. 

San  Jos6,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Santa  Clara  co.,  Cal., 
is  situated  on  the  Guadalupe  River,  in  the  beautiful  and 
fertile  valley  of  Santa  Clara,  7  or  8  miles  S.E.  from  the 
Bay  of  San  Francisco,  and  48  miles  S.E.  of  the  city  of 
San  Francisco.  Lat.  nearly  37°  22'  N.;  Ion.  121°  54'  30" 
W.  It  is  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  and  is  the 
southern  terminus  of  the  San  Jos6  Branch  of  the  Cen- 
tral Pacific  Railroad,  which  connects  it  with  Oakland.  It 
has  a  dry  and  delightful  climate,  and  is  noted  for  its  beau- 
tiful gardens  and  excellent  fruits.  The  streets  are  wide, 
cross  one  another  at  right  angles,  and  are  lighted  with  gas. 
The  city  is  supplied  with  water  by  artesian  wells.  It  con- 
tains a  city  hall,  about  12  churches,  a  state  normal  school, 
2  high  schools,  the  Catholic  College  of  Notre  Dame  (for 
girls),  a  fine  court-house  which  cost  about  $200,000,  a  good 
hotel,  a  national  bank,  the  Commercial  and  Savings  Bank 
(which  has  a  capital  of  $1,000,000),  and  2  or  3  other  banks, 
a  silk-factory,  a  woollen-mill,  several  llouring-mills,  lumber- 
mills,  tanneries,  wachine-shops,  and  iron-foundries.  Three 
daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  The 
University  of  the  Pacific  is  2  or  3  miles  from  this  place. 
(See  Santa  Clara.1  Pop.  in  1870,  9089;  in  1880,  12,5((7j 
of  San  Jos6  township,  exclusive  of  the  city,  5536. 

San  Jos6  (local  pron.  san  joce),  a  post-village  of  Mason 
CO.,  111.,  in  Allen's  Grove  township,  on  the  Jacksonville  di- 
vision of  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  and  on  the  Havana 
&  Rantoul  Railroad,  8i  miles  N.  of  Mason  City,  and  22^ 
miles  S.  of  Pekin.  It  has  3  churches,  a  banking-house,  a 
graded  school,  and  a  plough-factory. 

San  Jos^,  or  San  Jose  del  Interior,  sin  Ho-si' 
dfil  ecn-ti-re-on',  a  town,  capital  of  Costa  Rica,  15  miles  by 
rail  W.N.W.  of  Cartago.  Pop.  18,000.  Since  the  in- 
dependence  of  Costa  Rica,  it  has  succeeded  to  the  impor- 
tance of  Cartago,  the  former  capital.  Chief  buildings,  the 
n.ational  palace,  president's  house,  cathedral,  and  college. 
It  has  several  machine-shops  and  manufactories. 

San  Jose,  sin  no-si',  a  town  of  Uruguay,  about  45 
miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Montevideo.     Pop.  5000. 

San  Jos6  de  Buenavista,  sin  no-si'  di  bwi-ni- 
vees'ti,  a  town  of  the  Philippines,  on  the  W.  coast  of  the 
island  of  Panay.     Pop.  7000. 

San  Jos6  de  Flores,  sin  no-si'  di  flo'itSs,  a  town 
of  the  Argentine  Republic,  6  miles  from  Buenos  Ayres. 

San  Jos6  del  Parral,  sin  no-si'  Ah\  pau-nil',  a  town 
of  Mexico,  state  and  200  miles  N.W.  of  Durango.  Pop. 
5000,  partly  employed  in  the  adjacent  mines. 

San  Jos6  de  Oruna,  sin  no-si'  di  o-roo'ni,  a  town 
of  Trinidad,  5  miles  E.  of  Port-of-Spain. 

San  Jos6  do  Ribeir&o,  Brazil.    See  RiBEinAo. 

San  Juan,  sin  noo-in',  a  river  of  the  Argentine  Re- 
public, flows  from  the  Andes  through  the  province  of  San 
Juan  E.  into  the  Guanacache  lagoon. 

San  Juan,  a  river  of  Bolivia,  Chiquitos  Territory,  trib- 
utary to  the  Aguapohi. 

San  Juan,  a  river  of  Bolivia,  joins  the  Pilcomayo  S.W. 
of  Cinti,  after  a  N.E.  course  estimated  at  300  miles. 

San  Juan,  a  river  of  Mexico,  states  of  Cohahuil.a,  New 
Leon,  and  Tamaulipas,  joins  the  Rio  Grande  after  an  E. 
course  of  about  150  miles. 

San  Juan,  sin  noo-in',  a  river  of  Nicaragua,  forming 
the  outlet  for  Lake  Nicaragua  into  the  Caribbean  Sea, 
which  it  enters  at  the  port  of  Grey  Town,  80  miles  S.  of 
the  mouth  of  Bluefields  River.  Course,  E.  Length,  esti- 
mated at  from  90  to  100  miles.  Its  current  is  gentle,  and, 
although  in  some  places  impeded  by  short  rapids,  it  is  navi- 
gable throughout  by  boats  of  from  8  to  1 0  tons,  and  by  ves- 
sels of  a  much  larger  burden  for  a  considerable  distance.  In 
its  lower  part  it  sends  off  several  branches,  the  chief  being 
the  Colorado,  of  importance  in  connection  with  the  scheme 
for  uniting  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  Oceans  by  a  ship-canal. 

San  Juan,  a  river  of  the  United  States  of  Colombia, 
state  of  Cauca,  enters  the  Pacific  35  miles  N.W.  of  Buena- 
ventura, after  a  S.W.  course  estimated  at  150  miles. 

San  Juan,  a  town  of  Cuba,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Havana, 

San  Juan,  a  town  of  Cuba,  42  miles  W.N.W.  of  San- 
tiago de  Cuba. 

San  Juan,  a  village  of  Mexico,  state  and  105  milea  W 
i  f  Chihuahua. 


SAN 


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SAN 


Ran  Jaan«  s&n  noo-in',  a  town  of  Hay  ti,  noar  the  centre 
of  the  island,  SO  miles  N.W.  of  Snnto  Douiinf;n. 

Snn  Juaiiy  a  villnf^e  of  Venoxuola,  8tato  of  Zulia,  24 
miles  W.  of  Merida.  Near  it  ia  a  lake  abounding  in  car- 
bonate of  soda. 

San  Juan,  Nioaragua.  See  Sah  Juam  on,  Sdr,  and 
Gret  Town. 

San  Juan,  Paoifio  Ooenn.    See  GuAnAif. 

San  Juan  (Sp.  )>ron.  8An  Hoo-&n'),  a  county  in  the  S.W. 
part  of  Colorado,  isdrnincd  by  tho  Animas  lliver,  the  Un- 
oonipahgro  Kivor,  nnd  other  small  streams.  Tho  surface  is 
very  mountainous,  and  is  partly  oovored  with  forests  of  ever- 
green trees.  It  comprises  Mount  ^Golus  and  Sultan  Moun- 
tain, peaks  of  the  San  Juan  Mountains.  It  has  rich  mines 
of  silver.  Copper,  galena,  coal,  and  f;ranito  are  also  found 
here.    Capital,  Silverton.     Pop.  in  IS80,  1087. 

San  Juan,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Washington, 

comprises  the  island  of  San  Juan  and  other  islands  in  the 

Strait  of  Juan  de  Fuoa  and  Gulf  of  Georgia,  near  the  north- 

'  em  end  of  Paget  Sound.    Capital,  Friday  Harbor.    Pop.  in 

1870,  654  ;  in  1880,  948. 

San  Juan,  s&n  uw&n,  a  township  of  Los  Angeles  co., 
Cal.    Pop.  445. 

San  Juan,  a  township  of  Monterey  co.,  Cal.     P.  2638. 

San  Juan,  a  post-village  of  San  Bonito  co,  Cal.,  is  in 
a  fertile  valley  on  the  San  Bonito  River,  about  44  miles 
6.S.B.  of  San  Jos6,  and  6  miles  from  HoUister.  It  has  3 
or  4  churches,  a  brewery,  and  a  drug-store. 

San  Juan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hinsdale  oo.,  Col.,  120  miles 
from  Cation  City. 

San  Juan,  s&n  noo-&n'  (or  Hw&n),  a  post-office  of  Rio 
Arriba  co..  New  Mexico. 

San  Juan,  a  post-village  of  Snn  Jaan  co.,  Washington, 
on  the  island  of  San  Junn,  about  125  miles  N.  of  Olympia. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  lime-kiln,  and  a  valuable  fishery  in 
Puget  Sound. 

San  Juan,  or  San  Juan  de  la  Frontera,  s&n 
HOO-&n'  di  1&  fron-t&'ri,  a  province  of  the  Argentine  Re- 
public, between  lat.  30°  and  32°  S.  and  Ion.  68°  and  70°  W., 
naving  W.  the  Andes,  N.  the  province  of  Rioja,  and  S.  the 
province  of  Mendoza.  Area,  23,285  square  miles.  Capi- 
tal, San  Juan  do  la  Frontera.     Pop.  60,319. 

San  Juan,  Patagonia.     See  Sedger. 

San  Juan,  a  town  of  Peru.    See  CnACHAPOYAS. 

Snn  Juan  Bautista,  s&n  Hoo-&n'  bdw-tecs't&,  or 
San  Juan  Baptista  del  Pao,  g&n  Hoo-&n'  b&p-tees't& 
dfil  pi'o,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  110  miles  S.W.  of  Car&cas,  on 
the  Pao,  an  affluent  of  the  Portuguesa. 

San  Juan  Bautista  (or  Baptista)  (formerly  Villa 
Hermosa),  a  town  of  Mexico,  capital  of  the  state  of  Ta- 
basco, on  the  river  Tabasco,  about  70  miles  from  its  mouth. 

San  Juan  Bautista  (or  Baptista)  del  Rio 
Grande,  s&n  Hoo-&n'  bow-tees'ti  dil  ree'o  gr&n'd&,  a 
town  of  Mexico,  85  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cohahuila. 

San  Juan  Chinamcca,  s&n  Hoo-&n'  cho-n&-m&'k&, 
a  town  of  San  Salvador,  15  miles  N.  of  San  Miguel. 

San  Juan  de  Fuca,  North  America.     See  Fuca. 

San  Juan  de  Juebal,  s&n  Hoo-&n'  d&  Hw&-B&r,  a 
town  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  60  miles  N.  of  San  Juan 
de  la  Frontera. 

San  Juan  de  la  Frontera,  a  town  of  the  Argentine 
Republic,  capital  of  the  province  of  San  Juan,  on  the  Rio 
Ban  Juan,  120  miles  N.  of  Mendoza.     Pop.  8353. 

San  Juan  de  la  Frontera,  Peru.  See  Chachapotas. 

San  Juan  de  los  lilanos,  s&n  Hoo-&n'  d&  loce  I&'- 
noce,  a  town  of  the  United  States  of  Colombia,  state  of  Cun- 
dinamarca,  on  the  Guaviare,  05  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bogota. 

San  Juan  de  los  Rem edios,  Cuba.  See  Rbmedios. 

San  Juan  del  Puerto,  sin  Hoo-&n'  dfil  pwfia'to, 
a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  5  miles  N.E.  of  Huelva, 
near  the  Rio  Tinto.     Pop.  1951. 

San  Juan  del  Rio,  s&n  Hoo-&n'  d6l  rec'o,  a  town  of 
Mexico,  state  and  30  miles  S.E.  of  Queretaro,  on  the  route 
to  Mexico.     Pop.  10,000.     It  has  silver-mines. 

San  Juan  del  Sur,  s&n  noo-in'  d5l  soou,  a  port  of 
Nicaragua,  on  the  Pacific,  24  miles  S.W.  of  the  city  of  Nica- 
ragua, and  the  maritime  harbor  nearest  to  that  city. 

San  Juan  de  Mieres,  s&n  Hoo-&n'  d&  me-&'r5s,  a 
town  of  Spain,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Oviedo.     Pop.  1819. 

San  Juan.dc  Nicaragua.    See  Guey  Town. 

San  Juan  de  Puerto  Rico,  sin  Hoo-&n'  di  pwSn- 
to  ree'ko,  the  principal  city  and  seaport  of  the  island  of 
Porto  Rico,  capital  of  the  colony,  and  of  the  province  of 
Bayamon.  on  a  small  island  off  its  N.  coast.  Lat.  18°  29' 
N.;  Ion.  66°  7'  2"  W.  Pop.  27,000.  It  is  fortified  and 
walled,  regularly  laid  out,  well  drained,  and  one  of  the  best 
and  healthiest  towns  in  the  West  Indies.     The  principal 


edifices  are  the  bishop's  palace  and  seminary,  tho  royal 
military  hoKpital,  old  government  house,  a  largo  cathedral, 
0U8tom-hou.se,  town  house,  with  a  fine  hall,  a  hand.suuio 
theatre,  arsenal,  and  jail.  Tho  town  is  tho  sent  of  the  gov- 
ernment and  superior  courts  of  the  island  and  of  uiiiny 
schools.     Tho  harbor  is  defended  by  foils,  and  Ik  very  sale. 

San  Juan  de  Ulua,  h&u  ju'^n  (or  sin  iioo-in')  dA  oo- 
Ioo'&,  often  called  San  Juan  de  Ulloa,  g&n  ikiii&m'  d& 
ool-yo'&,  a  castle,  defending  the  harbor  of  \'ura  Cruz,  Mex- 
ico, on  an  islet  a  little  N.E.  of  that  city. 

San  Juan  mountains,  or  Sierra  San  Juan,  se- 
in'ri  s&n  Hoo-&n',  Colorado,  a  range  of  the  Rocky  Mountain 
system,  is  bounded  on  tho  E.  by  the  San  Luis  Park.  The 
Rio  Grande  del  Norte,  Rio  Animas,  and  Rio  San  Miguel 
rise  in  this  range,  which  is  somutiiues  called  Sierra  ^liui- 
bres,  and  is  composed  mainly  of  volcanic  rocks.  Rich  silver- 
mines  have  been  opened  in  these  mountains.  Among  tho 
highest  peaks  of  this  range  are  Mount  SncfTels,  Mount 
Wilson  (14,280  feet).  Mount  Canby,  Mount  Kendall,  and 
Uncompahgre  Peak  (14,235  feet). 

San  Juun  Orotnva,  Canaries.  See  Okotata,  and 
Puerto  de  Ouotava. 

San  Juan  River.    See  Rio  de  San  Juan. 

San  Julian,  Patagonia.    See  Saint  Julian. 

I^an^kassecr',  or  San^keshwar',  a  town  of  India, 
district  and  about  50  miles  N.E.  of  Belgaum,     Pop.  S905. 

Sankt  Gotthard,  Switzerland.    See  S.aint  Gotiiard. 

San  Lazznro,  s&n  l&d'z&-ro,  a  town  of  Italy,  1  mile 
N.E.  of  Placentia.  It  has  a  college,  founded  by  Cardinal 
Alberoni,  with  a  library  of  20,000  volumes  and  some  good 
collections.     Pop.  of  commune,  7383. 

San  Lazzaro,  an  islet  in  the  lagoons  of  Venice,  2 
miles  S.E.  of  the  city,  famous  for  its  Armenian  monastery. 

San  Leandro,  s&n  l&-&n'dro,  a  post-village  of  Ala- 
meda CO.,  Cal.,  is  on  a  creek  of  its  own  niime,  and  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  16  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Sun  P'rancisco. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  oQice,  a  graded  school,  and 
a  manufactory  of  farming-implements. 

San  Leo,  sin  li'o,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  tho  Marches,  7 
miles  S.W.  of  San  Marino.     Pop.  of  commune,  3849. 

San  Leonardo,  sin  li-o-naR'do,  a  fort  in  the  harbor 
of  tho  island  of  Favignana,  oiT  tho  AV.  coast  of  Sicily. 

San  Lorenzo,  s&n  lo-rdn'zo  (Sp.  pron.  s&n  lo-rin'tho), 
a  town  of  the  Canaries,  on  the  S.E.  shore  of  Gran  Canaria, 
5  miles  from  Las  Palmas. 

San  Lorenzo,  sin  lo-r2n'zo,  a  seaport  village  of  Aus- 
tro-Hungary,  in  Istria,  on  the  Mediterranean,  22  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Triest. 

San  Lorenzo,  s&n  lo-r5n'tho,  a  river  of  the  Argentine 
Republic,  joins  the  Vermejo  from  the  W.,  55  miles  N.  of 
Corrientes.     Length,  120  miles. 

San  Lorenzo,  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  32 
miles  from  Santa  Fe. 

San  Lorenzo,  a  village  of  Paraguay,  18  miles  from 
Assumption. 

San  Lorenzo  (Sp.  pron.  sin  lo-r5n'tho),  a  post-village 
of  Alameda  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  about 
20  miles  E.S.E.  of  San  Francisco.  It  has  manufactures  of 
salt,  ploughs,  wagons,  and  canned  or  preserved  fruits. 

San  Lorenzo  de  la  Frontera,  sin  lo-rin'tho  d&  1& 
fron-ti'ri,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  near  Santa  Cruz  de  la  Sierra, 
on  the  Guapai.     Pop.  4000. 

San  Lorenzo  de  la  Aluga,  sin  lo-rSn'tho  d&  1& 
moo'gi,  a  walled  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  21  miles  N. 
of  Gerona.     Pop.  1119. 

San  Lorenzo  3Iaggiore,  sin  lo-rdn'zo  mid-j6'r&,  a 
village  of  Italy,  province  of  Benevento,  15  miles  S.E.  of 
Piedimonte.     Pop.  1978. 

San  Lucar  ae  Barrameda,  s&n  loo'kar  di  baR-it&- 
m&'D&,  a  city  and  seaport  of  Spain,  province  and  18  miles 
N.  of  Cadiz,  on  tho  left  bank  of  the  Guadalquivir,  at  its 
mouth.  Lat.  36°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  6°  21'  W.  Its  streets  are 
broad  and  straight,  and  it  is  a  fine  town,  although  dull  and 
decaying.  The  principal  buildings  are  the  prison,  barracks 
for  the  garrison,  tho  town  house,  a  hospital,  house  of  refuge, 
foundling  hospital,  and  poor's  school.  Agriculture  and 
fishing  are  the  chief  occupations.  At  Bonanza,  a  short 
distance  from  San  Lucar,  are  the  pier  and  custom-house. 
It  was  here  that  Columbus  embarked  on  his  third  voyage. 
May  30,  1498.  Magellan  also  started  from  hence  August 
10,  1519,  for  the  first  voyage  in  which  tho  world  was  cir- 
cumnavigated.    Pop.  18,130. 

San  Lucar  la  Mayor,  sin  loo'kar  1&  mi-oR'  (ano. 
Liici/eri  Forum  f),  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  11  miles 
W.  of  Seville.     Pop.  3381. 

San  Luis,  or  San  Luis  de  la  Puiita,  s&n  loo-ees'  il& 
li  poon'ti,  a  city  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  capital  of  a 


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Erovince  of  its  own  name,  on  the  TV.  slope  of  one  of  the 
noils  of  the  Sierra  de  Cordova,  2417  feet  above  the  sea- 
level,  428  miles  W.N.W.  of  Buenos  Ayrcs.     Pop.  3748. 

San  Luis,  sin  loo'ia  (Sp.  pron.  sin  loo-ees'),  a  village 
on  the  S.  side  of  the  island  of  Minorca.     Pop.  1938. 

San  Luis,  a  central  province  of  the  Argentine  Repub- 
lic. Area,  3426  square  miles.  Its  surface  is  diversified, 
and  in  part  unpeopled,  though  adapted  to  pasturage.  Gold, 
copper,  and  salt  abound.    Capital,  San  Luis.     Pop.  53,294. 

San  Lu'is,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Costilla  cc.  Col., 
13  in  the  San  Luis  Park,  about  lUO  miles  S.W.  of  Pueblo, 
and  14  miles  E.  of  the  Rio  Grande.  It  has  2  churches,  and 
loanufaetures  of  blankets  and  flour.     Pop.  about  400. 

San  Lnis  de  la  Paz,  sin  loo-ees'  da  li  piz,  a  town  of 
Mexico,  state  and  45  miles  E.N.E.  of  Guanajuato.  Some 
villages  named  San  Luis  are  in  the  Me.xican  state  of  Puebla. 

San  Luis  de  Potosi,  Bolivia.    See  Potosi. 

San  Lu'is  Obis'po  (Sp.  pron.  sin  loo-ees'  o-bees'po), 
a  southwestern  county  of  California,  has  an  area  of  about 
2800  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.H.  by  the  Coast 
Range,  on  the  S.  by  the  Santa  Maria  River,  and  on  the 
S.W.  by  the  Pacific  Ocean.  It  is  drained  by  a  branch  of 
the  Salinas  River  and  the  Arroyo  Grande.  'Ihe  surface  is 
partly  mountainous,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests 
of  the  oak,  pine,  and  other  trees.  This  county  contains 
several  fertile  valleys  and  much  hilly  land  adapted  to  graz- 
ing. The  staple  products  are  cattle,  wool,  hides,  barley, 
and  cheese.  Among  its  minerals  are  copper,  cinnabar,  and 
limest'ine.  Capital,  San  Luis  Obispo.  Valuation  of  real 
and  personal  estate,  $3,389,016.  Pop.  in  1870,  4772,  of 
whom  3833  were  Americans;  in  1S80,  9142. 

San  Luis  Obispo,  a  post-village,  capital  of  San  Luis 
Obispo  CO.,  Cal.,  is  about  8  miles  from  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
and  90  miles  N.W.  of  Santa  Barbara.  It  was  incorporated 
as  a  city  in  1874,  and  has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
5  churches.  A  railroad  10  miles  long  connects  it  with  Port 
Harford.     Pop.  in  1880,  2243. 

San  Luis  Park  or  Valley  is  mostly  in  Colorado, 
and  partly  in  Taos  co.,  New  Mexico.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  and  N.E.  by  theSangre  de  Cristo  Range,  and  on  the  W. 
and  N.AV.  by  the  San  Juan  Mountains  and  the  Saguache 
Range.  The  Rio  Grande  runs  southward  through  the 
middle  of  this  park,  which  is  irrigated  by  numerous  moun- 
tain-streams which  are  lost  in  the  sand  after  a  short  course. 
This  is  the  largest  of  the  parks  of  Colorado,  and  is  about 
140  miles  long  and  averages  60  miles  in  width.  The  area  is 
estimated  to  be  8400  square  miles,  and  the  surface  is  ele- 
vated about  7000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  The  soil 
is  partly  fertile,  but  is  not  ^v^3ll  watered,  and  requires  arti- 
ficial irrigation.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  basaltic 
mesas  or  plateaus.  Forests  of  fir  and  pine  cover  the  slopes 
of  the  mountains  which  environ  the  park  on  all  sides  ex- 
cept the  S.  It  presents  a  vast  expanse  of  level  land  on 
which  sand  and  alkali  abound. 

San  Luis  Potosi,  sin  loo-ees'  po-to-see',  a  state  of 
Mexico,  bounded  on  the  N.  by  New  Leon,  E.  by  Tamauli- 
pas,  S.E.  by  Vera  Cruz,  S.  by  Queretaro  and  Guanajuato, 
and  E.  by  Zacatecas.  Greatest  length,  from  N.  to  S.,  206 
miles ;  greatest  breadth,  near  the  S.  frontier,  165  miles. 
Area,  27,494  square  miles.  In  the  W.  it  is  mountainous, 
but  towards  the  E.  becomes  only  broken  and  hilly,  and  in 
the  S.E.  spreads  out  into  plains.  The  only  important  rivers 
are  the  Santander,  which  traverses  the  state  from  AV.  to  E., 
and  the  Tampieo  or  Panuco,  which  forms  part  of  the 
boundary  between  it  and  Tamaulipas.  The  mountainous 
districts  abound  with  excellent  pastures,  on  which  great 
numbers  of  cattle  are  reared ;  and  the  arable  districts  are 
remarkable  for  their  fertility.  Manufactures  have  made 
some  progress,  and  include  woollen  and  cotton  fabrics  of 
excellent  quality,  glass,  leather,  pottery,  and  metallic  wares. 
Many  valuable  mines  have  been  discovered,  and  are  worked 
to  some  extent.     Pop.  (1882)  516,486. 

San  Luis  Potosi,  a  city  of  Mexico,  capital  of  the 
above  state,  is  situated  near  the  sources  of  the  Tampieo  and 
Rio  Grande  Rivers,  70  miles  N.N.E.  of  Guanajuato.  Pop. 
35,000.  It  is  regularly  built  and  clean.  The  houses  in  the 
best  streets  are  of  stone,  and  two  stories  in  height ;  in  the 
suburbs  they  are  of  sun-dried  brick.  The  chief  edifices  are 
a  noble  government  house  and  many  fine  churches.  Its 
markets  are  well  supplied,  and  it  has  an  active  trade  in  its 
home-manufactured  goods  and  foreign  imports,  which  com- 
prise French  brandy,  wines,  silks,  and  woollens,  English 
printed  cottons  and  hardwares.  North  American  cottons, 
Ac.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

San  Lu'is  Rey,  ri,  a  post-hamlet  of  San  Diego  co., 
Gal.,  on  the  San  Luis  Rey  River,  about  90  miles  S.E.  of 
Lob  Angeles,  and  3  miles  from  the  oeean.  It  has  2  churches. 


San  Marcello  Pistojese,  sin  man-chdl'lo  pis-to- 
yi'si,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Florence,  18  miles  N.: 
of  Pistoja.     Pop.  of  commune,  4508. 

San  Marcial,  sin  miR-the-il',  a  post-village  of  So- 
corro CO.,  New  Mexico,  on  the  Rio  Grande,  170  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Santa  F6.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  300. 

San  Marco,  sin  maii'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  17  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Cosenza.     It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop.     Pop.  2738. 

San  Marco,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  of  Messina,  15 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Patti.  Near  it  are  the  ruins  of  a  Roman 
bridge.     Pop.  2253. 

San  Marco  in  Catola,  sin  man'ko  in  ki-to'li,  » 
town  of  Italy,  province  of  Foggia,  22  miles  S.W.  of  San 
Severe.     Pop.  4290. 

San  Marco  in  Lamis,  sin  man'ko  in  li'mis,  a  town 
of  Italy,  province  of  Foggia,  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  San  Se- 
vero.     Pop.  14,540. 

San  Marcos,  sin  man'koce,  a  small  post-village  of 
San  Luis  Obispo  co.,  Cal.,  73  miles  S.S.E.  of  Soledad.  It 
has  a  church,  2  public  schools,  and  3  saloons. 

San  Marcos,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hays  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  San  Marcos  River,  about  30  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Aus- 
tin, and  44  miles  N.E.  of  San  Antonio.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  a  newspaper  ofiice,  1  or  2  banks,  the  Coronal 
Institute  (Methodist),  4  churches,  <tc.     Pop.  in  1880,  1232. 

San  Marcos  River,  Texas,  drains  part  of  Hays  co., 
runs  S.E.,  forms  the  boundary  between  Caldwell  and  Gua- 
dalupe COS.,  and  enters  the  Guadalupe  at  Gonzales. 

San  Marino,  sin  mi-ree'no,  or  Sammarino,  sim- 
mi-rce'no,  a  town  and  republic  of  Italy,  forming  one  of 
the  smallest  and  most  ancient  states  in  Europe,  enclosed  on 
all  sides  by  the  provinces  of  Italy,  in  lat.  43°  58'  N.,  Ion. 
12°  21'  E.  Area,  22  square  miles.  It  consists  of  a  craggy 
mountain  about  2200  feet  in  height,  on  which  is  the  town, 
and  some  circumjacent  territories,  with  4  or  6  villages. 
The  town,  built  around  a  hermitage  founded  in  441,  is  ac- 
cessible by  only  one  road,  is  surrounded  by  walls,  and  has 
3  forts.  The  principal  edifices  are  the  governor's  palace, 
the  town  hall,  6  churches,  one  having  the  tomb  and  statue 
of  Marinus  (or  San  Marino),  schools  and  museums,  a  theatre, 
2  convents,  and  2  vast  cisterns  for  the  use  of  the  public. 
The  more  wealthy  citizens  reside  in  the  suburb  called  the 
Borgo.  The  inhabitants  are  chiefly  occupied  in  rural  in- 
dustry and  silk-manufactures.  The  legislature  of  the  re- 
public is  a  senate  of  60  members,  elected  for  life,  equally 
from  the  ranks  of  nobles,  citizens,  and  peasants.  Two  cnpi- 
tani  rer/geiiti,  or  presidents,  are  chosen  every  six  months. 
Two  legal  functionaries  and  two  secretaries  of  state  are  the 
other  public  officers.  The  military  consists  of  950  men, 
forming  the  guard  of  the  regency.  Total  pop.  7816,  of 
whom  6000  are  in  the  town. 

San  Marino,  san  ma-ree'no,  a  post-hamlet  of  Din- 
widdie  co.,  Va.,  12  miles  S.  of  Ford's  Depot.  It  has  2 
churches. 

San  Martin,  eln  man-teen',  a  river  of  Spain,  in  Ara- 
gon,  after  a  N.E.  course  of  70  miles,  joins  the  Ebro  10 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Hijar. 

San  Martin,  sin  man-teen',  a  village  of  the  Argentine 
Republic,  province  and  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cordova. 

San  Martin,  a  national  territory  of  the  United  States 
of  Colombia,  between  the  limits  of  Cundinamarca  and  the 
Brazilian  frontier.     It  is  mostly  a  forest-region.     P.  4056. 

San  Martin  de  Acayucan,  Mexico.  See  Acayucan. 

San  3Iartin  de  Trevejo,  sin  man-teen' ditri-vi'no, 
a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  37  miles  S.W.  of  Salamanca. 
It  has  oil-mills  and  woollen-manufactures.     Pop.  1797. 

San  Martin  de  Unx,  sin  man-teen'  di  oonk,  a  town 
of  Spain,  in  Navarre,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Pamplona.    P.  1341. 

San  Martin  de  Val  de  Iglesias,  sin  man-teen'  dd 
vil  di  ee-gli'se-is,  a  market-town  of  Spain,  province  and 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  3458. 

San  Martine,  sin  mar-teen',  a  station  in  Santa  Clara 
CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of 
Gilroy. 

San  Martinho.    See  Sao  MARxiNno. 

San  Martinho  dos  Mouros.  See  SIo  Martinho 
DE  Mounos. 

San  Martin,  Patagonia.    See  Saint  Martin. 

San  Martino,  sin  man-tee'no,  a  village  of  Austria,' 
district  of  Triest,  5  miles  N.N.W.  of  Goritz. 

San  Martino,  sin  man-tee'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Campobasso,  8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Larino.     Pop.  4026. 

San  Martino,  a  town  of  Italy,  14  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Mantua,  near  the  Oglio.     Pop.  2661. 

San  Martino,  a  village  of  Sicily,  6  miles  W.  of  Pa-, 
lermo,  has  a  Benedictine  abbey,  with  a  rich  library,  and 
museums  of  natural  history,  coins,  and  antiquities. 


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Sau  Mnrtino  de  Lupari^sAn  maR-tce'nod&  loo-pA'- 
rM,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  I'adua,  10  miles  from 
CivitcUii.     Pop.  2690. 

San  Mateo,  s&n  iu&-t&'o,  a  western  county  of  Califor- 
nia, has  an  area  of  about  SOU  squnro  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.E.  by  the  Bay  of  San  Francisco,  and  on  the  W. 
by  the  Puciflo  Ocean.  Tho  northern  part  is  contiguous  to 
Sun  Franci:4co.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  valleys,  hills, 
and  mountains,  some  of  which  are  about  3U00  feet  high, 
and  are  covered  with  forests  of  oak  and  redwood,  an  excel- 
lent timber  tree.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile,  and  the  climate 
very  mild  and  healthy.  Many  of  the  inhabitants  are  opu- 
lent citizens  of  San  Francisco  who  have  elc<;ant  country- 
seats  and  gardens  in  this  county.  liuttor,  cheese,  hay,  bar- 
ley, lumber,  oats,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Southern  Pacific  llailroad. 
Capital,  Redwood  City.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal 
estate,  $23,286,825.  Pop.  in  1870,  6635,  of  whom  3497 
were  Americans;  in  1880,  8669. 

San  ittateo,  s&n  m&-t&'o,  a  mountain-pass  of  South 
America,  in  lat.  11"  48'  S.     Height,  15,760  feet. 

San  Mateo,  s&n  m&-t4'o,  atown  of  Venezuela,  50  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Cuiuan.'l.    See  Sao  Mathgos. 

San  Mateo,  s&n  m&-t&'o,  or  Vega  de  San  Mateo, 
v&'i^i,  d&  s&n  in&-t&'o,  a  town  of  the  Canaries,  on  the  island 
of  Uran  Canaria. 

San  Mateo,  a  post-village  of  San  Mateo  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  W.  side  of  San  Francisco  Bay,  and  on  the  Southern 
Pacific  llailroad,  21  miles  S.  of  San  Francisco.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office. 

Sau  Mateo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
E.  bank  of  St.  John  s  Kiver,  5  miles  S.  of  Palatka.  It  has 
a  union  chapel,  a  free  school,  and  sereral  orange-groves 
and  sulphur  springs. 

San  Mateo,  a  poet-village  of  Valencia  co..  New  Mexico, 
near  the  Atlantic  St  Pacific  Railroad,  about  60  miles  W.  by 
N.  of  Albuquerque. 

San  Mauro  Castelverde,  s&n  mow'ro  k&s-tSl-vSa'- 
d&,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  uf  Palermo,  19  miles  S.E. 
of  Cefalil.      Pop.  50:!fi. 

San  Miguel,  s&n  me-ghSl',  a  small  river  of  Texas, 
rises  in  Medina  co.,  and,  flowing  S.E.,  falls  into  Rio  Frio. 

San  Miguel,  i-&n  mc-gbSl',  a  gulf  of  the  republic  of 
Colombia,  forms  an  indentation  of  the  Bay  of  Panama,  on 
the  E.  side,  about  lat.  8°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  78°  20'  W. 

San  Miguel,  s&n  me-ghdl',  a  western  county  of  Colo- 
rado, has  an  area  of  about  1300  square  miles.  Capital, 
Telluride.     Pop.  in  1890,  2909. 

San  Miguel,  a  county  in  the  N.E,  part  of  New  Mex- 
ico. Area,  about  13,246  square  miles.  It  is  partly  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  the  Canadian  River,  and  is  drained  by  the 
Pecos  River.  A  range  of  high  mountains  extends  along 
the  W.  border  of  the  county,  which  also  contains  extensive 
table-lands  or  valleys.  The  soil  is  fertile,  if  irrigated,  and 
produces  pasture  for  many  sheep  and  cattle.  Wool  and 
Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  minerals 
are  granite  and  limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Atchi- 
son, Topeka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad.  Capital,  Lag  Vegas. 
Pop.  in  1870,  16,058;  in  1880,  20,638;  in  1890,  24,204. 

San  Miguel,  a  post-office  of  Snn  Francisco  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  San  Francisco. 

San  Miguel,  a  hamlet  of  San  Luis  Obispo  co.,  Cal.,  75 
miles  from  Soledad.     It  has  a  church. 

San  Miguel,  a  village  of  San  Miguel  co..  New  Mexico, 
on  the  Pecos,  25  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Las  Vegas.  It  has  a 
church. 

San  Miguel,  s&n  me-ghSl',  a  village  of  Bolivia,  state 
of  Cbiquitos,  160  miles  N.E.  of  Santa  Cruz  de  la  Sierra. 
Pop.  about  3000.     See  Magdalena. 

San  Miguel,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  35  miles  N. 
of  Parahiba. 

San  Miguel,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  of  Bio  Grande  do 
Sul,  180  miles  W.N.W.  of  Porto  Alegre. 

San  Miguel,  s&n  me-ghSl',  a  town  of  San  Salvador,  on 
a  river  of  the  same  name,  sometimes  called  the  Sirana,  80 
miles  E.S.E.  of  the  city  of  San  Salvador.  It  has  many 
substantial  houses,  partly  constructed  of  lava.  The  vol- 
cano of  San  Miguel  stands  at  some  distance  S.W.  of  the 
town.     Trade  is  chiefly  in  indigo.     Pop.  9000  to  10,000. 

San  Miguel,  a  volcano  of  San  Salvador,  which  rises 
from  low  level  ground  to  the  height  of  about  5000  feet,  has 
a  base  of  several  leagues  in  circuit,  and  has  sent  forth  re- 
peated discharges  of  volcanic  matter  at  intervals. 

San  Miguel,  a  harbor  of  the  republic  of  Colombia, 
an  inlet  in  the  Gulf  of  San  Miguel,  having  an  entrance 
about  6  miles  wide,  and  extending  about  8  miles  inland, 
with  soundings  in  from  8  to  15  fathoms.     It  communicates 


at  its  inner  part  with  Darien  Harbor,  through  two  pas- 
sages. Darien  Harbor  has  a  depth  of  from  9  to  14  fathoms 
at  low  water,  is  about  10  miles  long  by  6  miles  broail,  and 
completely  sheltered.  These  two  harbors  have  been  pointed 
out  as  furnishing  an  eligible  termination  to  a  tidal  intor- 
ocennio  canal  between  the  Atlantic  and  Paoifio. 

Snn  Miguel  de  Palnia.    See  Palma. 

Shu  Mi^uel  de  I'iurn,  Peru.    See  PiunA. 

San  Miguel  de  Tucuinun.    See  Tuciiman. 

San  Miguel  el  Grande,  s&n  me-ghSl'  i\  gi&n'd&,  a 
town  of  Mexico,  state  and  40  miles  E.  of  Guanajuato.  Pu)). 
about  10,000.  It  has  mineral  springs  and  a  large  trade  in 
cotton. 

San  Miguel  River.    See  Rio  San  Miguel. 

San  Miniato,  s&n  n)e-ne-&'to,  or  Samniininto, 
8&m-me-ne-&'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  21  miles  W.S.W.  of  Flor- 
ence, on  the  Arno.  It  is  a  bishop's  see,  and  has  a  cathedral 
Pop.  2213. 

Sauna,  8&n'n&,  a  river  of  Europe,  rises  in  Bosnia,  flows 
first  S.E. ,  then  circuitously  N.W.  to  Novi,  where  it  joins  the 
Unna,  after  a  course  of  75  miles. 

Sannagh  Island,  Pacific.    See  Hambut  Isi.ANn. 

San'uemin,  or  Sau'nemin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lir- 
ingston  uo..  III.,  in  Sanncmin  township,  10  miles  E.  of  Pon- 
tiac.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  974. 

San  Nicandro,  s&n  ne-k&n'dro,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  10  miles  S.W.  of  Bari.     Pop.  6297. 

San  Nicandro,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  peninsula  of 
Gargano,  10  miles  E.  of  Lesina.     Pop.  7895. 

San  Niccolo,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Ponro  Toli.e. 

San  Nicola,  s&n  no-ko'l&,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
and  district  of  Caserta.     Pop.  3214. 

San  Nicolas,  sin  nce'ko-l&s  (Port.  Sao  Nicolao,  s5wi*» 
ne-ko-l&'o),  one  of  the  Cape  Verd  Islands,  in  the  Atlan- 
tic, nearly  in  the  centre  of  the  group,  in  lat.  16°  35'  N.,  Ion. 
24°  15'  W.  Length,  30  miles;  breadth,  15  miles.  Pop. 
6000.  The  surface  is  mountainous.  The  chief  town.  San 
Nicolas,  has  1400  inhabitants,  and  is  the  residence  of  the 
bishop  of  the  Cape  Verd  Islands. 

San  Nicolas,  s&n  ncc'ko-l&s,  a  city  of  the  Argentine 
Republic,  on  the  Parang,  50  miles  by  rail  below  Rosario. 

San  Nicolo,  s&n  ne-ko'lo,  one  of  the  Tremiti  Islands, 
is  a  volcanic  island  in  the  Adriatic  Sea. 

San  Nicolo,  s&n  ne-ko'lo,  a  town  of  the  island  of 
Tinos,  Grecian  Archipelago,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  the  island. 
Pop.  4000.     It  is  a  bishop's  sec,  and  has  a  cathedral. 

San  Nicolo,  a  small  seaport  on  the  E.  coast  of  the 
Grecian  island  of  Cerigo. 

San  Nicolo,  a  small  town  of  the  Grecian  island  of 
Paxo,  opposite  which  there  is  good  anchorage. 

San  Nicolo,  a  port  of  the  Grecian  island  of  Santorini, 
below  tho  town  of  Epanonieria.  It  is  a  fine  harbor  of  the 
shape  of  a  half-moon,  but  too  deep  for  anchoring. 

Sannio,  a  province  of  Italy.    See  Campoba.sso. 

Sannois,  8an*nw&',  a  village  of  France,  in  Scine-et- 
Oise,  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Versailles.     Pop.  2687. 

Sanok,  s&'nok,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  38  miles 
S.AV.  of  Jaioslaw.     Pop.  2809. 

San  Pablo,  s&n  pa'blo,  a  post-village  of  Contra  Co.«ta 
CO.,  Cal.,  in  a  valley  near  the  S.  shore  of  San  Pablo  Bay, 
about  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  San  Francisco,  and  12  miles  N.;    k 
by  W.  of  Oakland.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  1075.  I 

San  Pablo  Bay,  California,  is  the  northern  part  of 
San  Francisco  Bay,  and  touches  the  cos.  of  Sonoma,  Contra 
Costa,  and  Marin.  It  is  connected  with  Suisun  Bay  by  the 
Strait  of  Carquincz,  the  only  outlet  of  all  the  water  which 
is  collected  in  the  great  central  valley  of  the  state. 

San  Pancrazio,  s&n  p&n-kr&d'ze-o,  a  village  of  Italy, 
2  miles  W.  of  Parma.     Pop.  of  commune,  4279. 

San  Pantaleo,  s&n  p&n-t&-l&'o,  an  islet  ofi"  the  AV. 
coast  of  Sicily,  5  miles  N.  of  Marsala,  with  ruins  of  the 
ancient  Mutya. 

San  Pantaleo,  a  village  of  Sardinia,  division  and  11 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  1476. 

San  Paolo  de  Loanda.  See  Saint  Paul  db  Loanda. 

San  Pasqual,  s&n  p&s-kw&l',  a  post-oifice  of  San  Diei,o 
CO.,  Cal. 

San  Patricio,  s&n  p&-tree'se-o,  a  county  in  the  S.  part 
of  Texas,  bordering  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  has  an  area  of 
about  550  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
Aransas  River,  on  the  S.  by  Corpus  Christi  Bay,  and  on  tho 
S.W.  by  the  Rio  Nueces.  The  surface  is  low  and  nearly 
level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The 
soil  produces  psvsture  for  large  numbers  of  cattle,  which  are 
the  staple  products.  Capital,  San  Patricio.  Valuation  of 
real  and  personal  estate  not  reported.  Pop.  in  1870,  603, 
of  whom  497  were  Americana;  in  1880,  1010. 


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SAN 


San  Patricio,  a  post-village  of  Sabine  parish,  La., 
about  60  miles  S.  of  Shreveport.     It  has  2  churches. 

San  Patricio,  a  small  post-village,  capital  of  San 
Patricio  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Rio  Nueces,  about  20  miles  from 
its  mouth,  and  30  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Corpus  Christi.  It  has 
a  convent  and  a  church. 

San  Paulo,  Brazil.    See  Sao  Patjlo. 

San  Pedro,  sin  pd'dro,  a  post-office  of  Pima  co., 
Arizona. 

San  Pedro,  a  post-office  of  Houston  co.,  Te.x, 

San  Pe'dro  (Sp.  pron.  sin  pi'dro),  a  bay  and  inlet  of 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  in  California,  105  miles  S.E.  of  Santa 
Barbara,  in  lat.  33°  48'  N. 

San  Pedro,  sin  pi'dro,  a  river  of  Mexico,  state  of 
Tabasco,  tributary  to  the  Usumasinta,  which  it  joins  near 
Its  mouth  in  the  Tabasco  River. 

San  Pedro,  sin  pi'dro,  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Re- 
public, 258  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Cordova. 

San  Pedro,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  on  the  Mamore  River, 
in  lat.  14°  S.,  Ion.  64°  48'  W. 

San  Pedro,  a  town  of  the  United  States  of  Colombia, 
Btate  of  Cundinaraarca,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Antioquia. 

San  Pedro,  sin  pee'dro  (Port.  Sao  Pedro,  sovvn"  pi'- 
dro), a  town  of  Portuguese  India,  2  miles  W.  of  Goa  (Old). 

San  Pedro  Carcha,  Guatemala.    See  Carcha. 

San  Pedro  de  Buena  Vista.    See  Buenavista. 

San  Pedro  de  Kibas,  sin  pi'nro  di  ree'Bis,  a  town 
of  Spain,  province  and  about  24  miles  from  Barcelona. 

San  Pedro  y  San  Pablo,  Rio  de,  ree'o  di  sin 
pi'dro  e  sin  pi'blo  ("River  of  St.  Peter  and  St.  Paul"), 
Mexico,  enters  the  Caribbean  Sea  10  miles  N.E.  of  the  mouth 
of  the  Tabasco. 

San  Pete,  a  large  county  of  Utah,  borders  on  Colorado. 
It  is  intersected  by  Green  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  White 
and  San  Pete  Rivers.  The  AVahsatch  Mountains  extend 
through  this  county  in  a  N.  and  S.  direction.  Near  the 
western  base  of  this  range  is  the  San  Pete  Valley,  which  is 
about  44  miles  long  and  is  said  to  be  beautiful  and  fertile. 
It  is  watered  by  the  San  Pete  River.  AVheat,  wool,  lumber, 
and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  mineral 
resources  is  bituminous  coal.  Capital,  Manti.  Valuation 
of  real  and  personal  estate,  $1,134,987.  Pop.  in  1870,  6786, 
of  whom  3890  were  Americans;  in  1880,  11,557. 

San  Pier  d'Arena,  sin  pe-Sft'  di-ri'ni,  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  and  2  miles  W.  of  Genoa.  Pop.  15,509.  It 
has  iron-foundries,  sugar-refineries,  and  an  extensive  trade. 

San  Piero  a  Sieve,  sin  pe-i'ro  i  se-i'vi,  a  town  of 
Italy,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Florence.     Pop.  2079. 

San  Pierre,  san  p?-air',  a  post-village  of  Starke  co., 
Ind.,  in  Railroad  township,  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  & 
Chicago  Railroad,  36  miles  S.  of  Michigan  City.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  about  300. 

San  Pierre  d'Albigny,  sin  po-aiii'  diPbeen^yee' 
(anc.  Pagus  Alhinennigf),  a  village  of  Savoy,  near  the  Isere, 
11  miles  E.S.E.  of  Chambory.     Pop.  of  commune,  3262. 

San  Pietro,  sin  pe-i'tro,  an  isLand  off  the  S.W.  coast 
of  Sardinia,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Antioco.  Length,  7  miles; 
breadth^  5  miles. 

San  Pietro,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  and  13  miles 
"W.  of  Messina.     Pop.  4761. 

San  Pietro,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  of  Messina,  in 
a  ravine  of  the  mountain  above  Patti.     Pop.  2388. 

San  Pietro  in  Casale,  sin  pe-i'tro  in  ki-si'li,  a 
village  of  Italy,  province  and  15  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of 
Bologna.     Pop.  of  commune,  8480. 

San-Poo,  sin-poo'  or  sin-po',  written  also  Dzanbo 
and  Dzanvo,  a  large  river  of  Thibet,  rises  near  lat.  30° 
40'  N.,  Ion.  82°  E.,  flows  eastward,  receiving  numerous  af- 
fluents, and  has  been  traced  as  far  as  Ion.  93°  E.,  beyond 
which  point  it  is  believed  to  be  continuous  with  the  Dihong, 
a  chief  arm  of  the  Brahmapootra.     See  Braiimapootra. 

San  Quen'tin  (Sp.  pron.  sin  kwfin-teen'),  a  post-vil- 
lage of  Marin  co.,  Cal.,  is  on  the  W.  shore  of  the  Bay  of 
San  Prancisco,  Hi  miles  N.  of  San  Francisco.  Here  is  the 
Btate  prison  of  California.  The  village  is  on  a  branch  of 
the  North  Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  and  has  manufactures  of 
furniture,  shoes,  harness,  and  saddles. 

Sanquhar,  sank'k^r,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  and  26 
miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Dumfries,  on  the  Nith.  Pop.  1252. 
It  has  a  handsome  parish  church,  town  hall,  several  schools, 
a  subscription  library,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  and 
cotton  fabrics,  hosiery,  carpets,  and  embroidery.  The  burgh 
unites  with  Dumfries,  Annan,  Lochmaben,  and  Kirkcud- 
bright in  sending  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 
Coal-mines  are  wrought  in  the  vicinity.  Immediately  S.E, 
of  the  town,  on  a  steep  bank  overlooking  the  Nith,  is  the 
picturesquo  castle  of  San(][uhar. 


San  Quintin  de  Mediona,  sin  keen-teen'  di  mi< 
De-o'ni,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  province  and  35 
miles  from  Barcelona.     Pop.  2302. 

San  Quirico,  sin  kwee're-ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  a 
little  W.  of  Genoa.     Pop.  of  commune,  2517. 

San  Quirico  in  Val  d'Orcia,  sin  kwee're-ko  in 
vil  don-chee'i,  a  village  of  Tuscany,  6  miles  from  Picnza. 

San  Ra'fael  (Sp.  pron.  sin  ri-fi-61'),  a  post-village, 
capital  of  Marin  co.,  Cal.,  is  situated  in  a  small  valley  on 
the  North  Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  San 
Quentin  Branch,  15  miles  N.  by  W.  of  San  Francisco,  near 
the  northern  end  of  the  Bay  of  San  Francisco.  It  has  2 
newspaper  offices,  2  academies  or  seminaries,  many  hand- 
some residences,  and  4  churches.  It  is  surrounded  by  ver- 
dant hills  adapted  to  pasturage.     Pop.  in  1880.  2246. 

San  Rafael,  a  village  of  Valencia  co.,  New  Mexico, 
near  lat.  35°  N.     It  has  a  church. 

San  Ramon,  ri-mOn'  (or  San  Ra^moon'),  a  post- 
hamlet  of  Contra  Costa  co.,  Cal,,  in  San  Ramon  Valley,  9 
miles  E.  of  Haywood. 

San  Remo,  sin  ri'mo,  a  village  of  Italy,  on  the  Med- 
iterranean, 14  miles  S.W.  of  Oneglia.  Pop.  7927.  It  is 
well  built,  and  has  a  small  harbor,  where  coasting-vessels 
load  with  oil,  dried  fruits,  oranges,  and  fish. 

San  Roque,  sin  ro'ki,  or  Saint  Roque,  s^nt  ruk,  a 
city  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  province  and  56  miles  S.E.  of 
Cadiz,  and  7  miles  N.W.  of  Gibraltar.  The  public  buildings 
and  institutions  consist  of  a  granary,  a  foundling  hospital, 
an  asylum  for  the  poor,  various  schools,  with  a  church,  a 
Franciscan  monastery,  now  converted  into  a  prison,  and  an 
oratory.  San  Roque  was  built  in  1704  by  the  Spaniards, 
after  the  loss  of  Gibraltar.  It  is  very  healthy,  and  is  much 
resorted  to  by  patients  from  Gibraltar.     Pop.  6458. 

San  Saba,  sin  si'bi,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of 
Texas,  has  an  area  of  about  930  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  and  N.E.  by  the  Colorado  River,  and  is  inter- 
sected by  the  San  Saba  River.  The  surface  is  undulating 
or  hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The 
soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cattle,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Capital,  San  Saba.  Valuation  of  real  and 
personal  estate,  $498,922,  Pop.  in  1870,  1425,  of  whom 
1414  were  Americans;  in  1880,  6324. 

San  Saba,  a  post-village,  capital  of  San  Saba  co.,  Tex., 
on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  about  7  miles  from  its  entrance 
into  the  Colorado  River,  and  90  miles  N.W.  of  Austin.  It 
has  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  and  a  high  school.  Pop.  698. 

San  Saba  River,  Texas,  rises  near  the  W.  border  of 
Menard  co.,  runs  eastward  through  Mason  and  San  Saba 
COS.,  and  enters  the  Colorado  River.     Length,  150  miles. 

San  Salvador,  sin  sil-vi-dou', or  Saint  Sal'vador, 
a  republic  of  Central  America,  bounded  N.  and  N.E,  by 
Honduras,  N.W.  by  Guatemala,  from  which  it  is  separated 
by  the  Rio  Paza,  E.  by  Nicaragua,  S.E.  by  the  Bay  of  Fon- 
seca,  and  S.  by  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Area,  7335  square  miles. 
Its  coast-line  extends  200  miles,  and  is  deeply  indented, 
particularly  in  the  S.E.,  with  several  good  harbors,  of  which 
the  most  frequented  are  La  Union,  the  roadstead  of  Liber- 
tad,  and  Acajutla.  The  surface  from  the  shore  N.  for 
about  15  miles  is  moderately  low  and  level,  but  it  shortly 
after  becomes  broken  and  rugged  and  is  traversed  by 
mountain-groups,  giving  it  a  wild  appearance.  This  is  in- 
creased by  no  fewer  than  11  volcanoes.  The  most  active  is 
Izalco,  but  the  loftiest  are  San  Vicente  and  San  Salvador, 
each  about  9000  feet  high.  The  largest  river  is  the  Lempa, 
which,  issuing  from  the  Lake  of  Guijar,  flows  S.E.,  forming 
part  of  the  boundary  between  San  Salvador  and  Honduras. 
The  next  in  magnitude  are  the  Paza  and  the  San  Miguel. 
Other  smaller  streams  are  numerous  and  important,  as  fur- 
nishing the  means  of  irrigation.  Besides  Lake  Guijar,  al- 
ready mentioned,  which  is  about  15  miles  long  by  5  miles 
broad,  there  is  another,  called  the  Ilopango,  5  miles  E.  of 
the  town  of  San  Salvador,  9  miles  long  by  3  miles  broad. 
Numerous  mineral  and  thermal  springs  occur  in  many 
quarters.  The  variations  of  temperature  are  considerable; 
but,  on  the  whole,  the  country  is  healthy. 

The  soil  possesses  great  fertility,  and  the  state  is  the  best 
cultivated  in  Central  America.  The  most  important  crop 
is  indigo,  which  is  generally  grown,  and  is  of  an  excellent 
quality.  Maize,  sugar,  coffee,  tobacco,  cotton,  <fcc.,  thrive 
well,  but  fruits  are  not  so  abundant  as  in  the  state  of  Gua- 
temala. The  dairy-produce  is  chiefly  confined  to  cheese, 
which  forms  a  main  article  of  subsistence.  The  part  of  the 
coast  between  Acajutla  and  Libertad  is  famous  for  pro- 
ducing the  balsam  of  Peru.  Of  the  so-called  cedar  large 
quantities  are  cut  for  timber.  The  mineral  deposits,  ones 
the  chief  wealth  of  the  state,  appear  to  be  exhausted.  Iron 
of  excellent  quality  has  been  wrought.     The  republic  of 


■SAN 


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Bui  Balrmdor  is  among  the  most  advanced  in  Central 
'  Amarioa,  and  is  the  most  don!<oly  peopled.     Pop.  434,520. 

San  Salvador,  s&n  sAl-vi-dOH',  or  Saint  SaI'va- 
.  dor,  a  oity  of  Central  America,  capital  of  the  above,  is 
situated  on  a  small  stream  which  flows  into  the  Pacific 
Oeean,  106  miles  S.E.  of  Guatemala.  Lnt.  18°  44'  S.;  Ion. 
80°  8'  W.  It  stands  between  wooded  heights,  in  a  well- 
watered  vale,  several  thousand  feet  above  the  Pacific,  and 
about  3  miles  S.E.  of  the  volcano  of  Snn  Salvador.  The 
eity  of  San  Salvador  was  founded  in  1523  by  Spanish  emi- 
grants. In  1854  it  was  removed  to  a  new  site,  on  aocount  of 
the  prevalence  of  destructive  earthouakes  ;  but  it  has  twice 
since  been  partially  destroyed  by  thorn.  The  town  is  regu- 
larly built,  contains  several  churches  and  convents,  and  is 
the  seat  of  a  bishop.  It  is  a  depot  for  sugar  and  indigo, 
and  has  manufactures  of  iron  wares  and  cotton  goods. 
Pop.  16,000  ;  before  the  earthquake  of  1873,  40,000. 

San  Salvador',  a  post-village  of  San  Bernardino  co., 
Cal.,  56  miles  E.  of  Los  Angeles.  It  has  a  church.  Pop. 
of  township,  560. 

San  Salvador,  s&n  8&I-v&-d0r',  a  name  given  by  Co- 
lumbus to  one  of  the  Bahamas,  the  first  land  seen  by  him 
in  the  New  World.  It  was  for  many  j'ears  identified  with 
Cut  Island,  but  is  now  generally  conceded  to  have  been 
Watling  Island,  which  has  indeed  been  officially  named  iSau 
Salvador. 

San  Salvador,  s&n  E&1-v&-dSR',  or  Banza,  b&n'z&, 
also  called  Congo  Grande,  a  town  of  Africa,  capital  of 
Congo,  ICO  miles  S.E.  of  Loango.     Pop.  10,000. 

San  Salvador,  Brazil.     See  Babia. 

San  Salvador,  a  village  of  Ecuador,  on  an  affluent  of 
the  Napo,  20  miles  E.  of  Avila. 

San  Salvador,  a  town  of  Cuba.    See  Bataho. 

San  Salvador  dos  Campos.    See  Campos. 

San  Salvador  Pequefto,  s&n  s&l-v&-doR'  pi-kSn'yo, 
an  island  on  the  W.  side  of  Cat  Island,  Bahamas ;  also 
called  Little  San  SALVADon. 

San  Salvatore,  sAn  sAl-yil-to'r&,  a  town  of  Italy,  7 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  4725. 

Sansan,  s&n^s&n',  a  town  of  Central  Africa,  in  Iloussa. 
Lat.  12°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  12°  E. 

Sansanding,  s&n^s&n^ing',  or  Sansandig,  a  town 
of  Africa,  state  of  Bambarra,  on  the  Joliba,  20  miles  N.E. 
of  Sego.  It  is  a  place  of  extensive  trade,  and  has  from 
30,000  to  40,000  inhabitants.  Here  Mungo  Park  embarked 
in  his  schooner  to  descend  the  river,  in  1805. 

Sansaria,  sin-sU'ro-i,  a  town  of  Central  America, 
state  and  E.  of  Guatemala. 

San  Saturnino  de  Noya,  s&n  si-tooR-nee'no  dk 
no'y&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  18  miles  from  Barce- 
lona.    Pop.  1299. 

San  Sebastian,  Spain.    See  Saint  Sebastian. 

San  Sebastian,  sin  s&-b&s-te-&n',  the  capital  town  of 
the  island  of  Gouiera,  in  the  Canaries,  on  its  E.  coast.  It 
is  well  built,  and  has  a  harbor  defended  by  forts. 

San  Sebastian  de  los  Reyes,  s&n  8&-b&s-te-&n'  d& 
loce  r4.'4s,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  state  of  Guzman  Blanco, 
60  miles  S.S.W.  of  Caracas.     Pop.  7790. 

San  Secondo  Parmese,  s&n  8&-kon'do  p&r-m&'s&,  a 
town  of  Italy,  province  and  10  miles  N.W.  of  Parma.  Pop. 
6246. 

Sanscgo,  s&n-s&'go,  an  island  of  Anstria,  in  the  Adri- 
atic, 5  miles  S.W.  of  the  island  of  Lossini.     Pop.  640. 

Sansellas,  s&n-sdi'l&s,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Majorca, 
15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Palma.     Pop.  1784. 

San  Sepolcro,  Italy.    See  Boroo  San  Sepolcro. 

San  Severino,  s&n  si-v&-ree'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Macerata,  on  the  Potcnza. 
It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  3062. 

San  Severo,  sin  s&-v&'ro,  a  town  of  Italj',  province 
and  17  miles  N.W.  of  Foggia.  Pop.  16,545.  It  is  large, 
and  has  a  cathedral,  several  parish  churches,  a  diocesan 
seminary,  and  a  trade  in  cattle. 

San  Sim'eon  (Sp.  pron.  s&n  see-mi-5n'),  a  post-village 
of  San  Luis  Obispo  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Pacific  Ocean,  20  miles 
6.  of  Jolon.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  several  mines  of  cinna- 
bar, and  2  churches,  also  a  cheese-factory,  and  furnaces  for 
smelting  quicksilver. 

San  Sol'omon,  a  post-oflSce  of  Presidio  co.,  Texas. 

Sans  Sonci,  a  palace  of  Prussia.     See  Potsdam. 

Sans  Souci,  sin  soj'se,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bertie  co., 
N.C.,  on  the  Cashie  River,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Plymouth. 
Produce  is  shipped  here  in  steamboats. 

San  Stefano,  Italy  and  Sicily.    See  Santo  Stepano. 

Santa,  sin't&,  a  river  of  Peru,  has  a  N.W.  course  of 
200  miles,  and  enters  the  Pacific  about  75  miles  S.E.  of 
•Truiiilo.    Opposite  its  mouth  are  the  islets  of  Santa. 


San'ta,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jnckson  co.,  Ala.,  7  miles 
(dirt'ct)  S.  by  W.  of  ScuttHborough. 

Santa,  a  post-offlce  of  Kootenai  co.,  Idaho,  26  miles 
by  rail  E.  of  Farmington,  Washington. 

Santa,  B&n't&,  or  Parilla,  p&-reel'y&,  a  town  of  North 
Peru,  departuicnt  of  Trujillo,  on  the  river  Santa,  near  the 
Pacific. 

Santa  Ana,  s&n't&  &'n&,  a  lake  of  Mexico,  state  of 
Tabasco,  164  miles  S.E.  of  Vera  Cruz. 

Santa  Ana,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Orange  co.,  Cal., 
34  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Los  Angeles.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  flour-mill,  lumber-  and  planing-milld,  soda-mineral- 
workH,  feed-mills,  and  manufactures  of  hardware,  bricks, 
cigars,  incubators,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  3628. 

Santa  Ana,  s&n'ti  &'u&,  a  town  of  the  republic  and  40 
miles  W.N.W.  of  the  town  of  San  Salvador.     Pop.  9000. 

Santa  Ana  de  Tamaulipas.  See  Tampico  Pueblo 
Nuevo. 

Santa  Ana  River,  a  small  stream  of  Los  Angeles  co., 
in  the  S.S.E.  part  of  California,  falls  into  the  Pacific. 

San'ta  An'na,  township,  De  Witt  co.,  III.   Pop.  2181. 

Santa  Anna,  a  post-village  of  Coleman  co.,  Tex.,  ii 
situated  in  a  fanning  district,  76  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of 
San  Angelo.  It  has  a  roller-mill,  a  newspaper  office,  gen- 
eral stores,  and  business  houses.     Pop.  468. 

Santa  Anna,  s&n't&  &'n&,  a  small  island  of  Brazil, 
state  and  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  MaranhSo,  near  the  coast. 

Santa  Anna,  or  Ana,  &'n&,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  on  the 
Yacuiiia,  at  the  influx  uf  the  Rapula. 

Santa  Anna,  an  ii'land  of  Brazil.     See  Bananal. 

Santa  Anna,  a  town  of  Brazil,  slate  of  Matto-Grosso, 
30  miU-8  E.N.E.  of  Cuyabd.     Pop.  4000. 

Santa  Anna,  a  town  of  the  republic  of  Brazil,  state  of 
S3o  Pedro  do  Rio  Grande,  on  the  Sino,  N.  of  Porto  Alegre. 
Pop.  1400. 

Santa  Anna,  a  village  of  Brazil.     See  Silves. 

Santa  Anna,  a  town  of  Brazil.     See  Villanova. 

Santa  Anna,  sin't&  in'ni,  a  town  of  Peru,  SO  miles 
N.W.  of  Cuzco,  in  a  ])icturesque  valley  50  miles  in  length. 

Santa  Anna  de  Chaves.    See  Chaves. 

San'ta  Bar'bara,  a  strait  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  15 
miles  across,  between  the  mainland  of  California  and  the 
island  of  Santa  Cruz,  190  miles  S.E.  of  Monterey. 

San'ta  Bar'bara,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Cali- 
fornia, has  an  area  of  about  3500  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.  and  W.  by  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  on  the 
N.  by  the  Santa  Maria  River.  It  is  partly  watered  by  the 
Santa  Clara  and  Santa  Inez  Rivers.  The  surface  is  diver- 
sified by  mountains  and  fertile  valleys.  A  long  range 
called  Santa  Inez  Mountains  traverses  the  county  in  an  E. 
and  W.  direction.  The  climate  is  mild  and  almost  tropical. 
Rain  seldom  falls  here  between  May  and  November.  Wool, 
barley,  Indian  corn,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products. 
In  1870  this  county  produced  996,200  pounds  of  wool.  The 
orange,  lemon,  fig,  olive,  and  grape  flourish  in  it.  Among 
its  mineral  resources  are  sulphur,  asphaltum,  salt,  and  pe- 
troleum. A  little  gold  has  been  found  here.  Large  quan- 
tities of  asphaltum  have  been  exported  from  it.  This 
county  comprises  several  islands  in  the  ocean,  which  are 
frequented  by  seals  and  otters.  Capital,  Santa  Barbara. 
Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $10,896,021.  Pop. 
in  1870,  7784;  in  1880,  9513. 

Santa  Barbara,  a  post-town,  seaport,  and  capital  of 
Santa  Barbara  co.,  Cal.,  is  on  the  Pacific  Ocean,  about  90 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Los  Angeles.  Two  daily  and  3  weekly 
newspapers  are  published  here.  The  town  contains  2  or  3 
colleges,  7  churches,  2  banks,  aflouring-mill,  and  2  planing- 
mills,  and  has  extensive  exports  of  wool.     P.  (1880)  3460. 

Santa  Barbara,  a  village  of  Taos  co..  New  Mexico, 
6  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Picuries.     It  has  a  church. 

Santa  Barbara,  sin'ti  ban'bi-ri,  a  town  of  Brazil, 
in  Minas-Geraes,  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ouro  Preto.    P.  4000. 

Santa  Barbara,  sin'ti  bau'bi-ri,  a  town  of  Chili, 
province  of  Hiobio,  about  60  miles  S.E.  of  Los  Angeles. 

Santa  Barbara,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  on  the  S.  bank 
of  the  Orinoco,  opposite  the  influx  of  the  Ventuari. 

Santa  Barbara  Islands.  These  islands,  8  in  num- 
ber, consist  of  San  Miguel,  Santa  Rosa,  Santa  Cruz,  Ana- 
capa,  Santa  Barbara,  Santa  Catalina,  San  Clemente,  and 
San  Nicolas.  They  lie  along  the  S.  coast  of  California,  and 
opposite  to  the  shores  of  Santa  Barbara,  Los  Angeles,  and 
San  Diego  cos.,  extending  in  a  direction  from  N.W.  to  S.E. 
about  175  miles,  and  at  a  distance  from  the  land  of  from 
20  to  65  miles.  Several  harbors  have  been  examined  by 
officers  of  the  United  States  Coast  Survey.  The  principal 
of  these  are  Prisoners'  Harbor,  on  the  N.  side  of  Santa 
Cruz,  Cuyler's  Harbor,  on  the  N.E.  side  of  San  Miguel, 


SAN 


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SAX 


and  Catalina  Harbor,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  island  of  Santa 
Catalina.  The  four  first-named  islands  are  separated  from 
the  mainland  by  Santa  Barbara  Channel,  a  sound  from  20 
to  30  miles  wide. 

Santa  Barbara  de  Satnana.    See  Samana. 

Santa  Catalina,  sin'ti  ki-ti-lee'ni,  an  island  of  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  separated  from  California  by  the  Channel  of 
Santa  Barbara. 

Santa  Catalina,  a  cape  of  Central  America,  state  and 
70  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Nicaragua. 

Santa  Catalina,  an  islet  of  the  Caribbean  Sea,  90 
miles  E.  of  the  Mosquito  coast,  and  immediately  N.  of  Old 
Providence  Island. 

Santa  Catarina,  sin'ti  kil-t&-ree'nJ.,  atown  of  Sicily, 

7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Caltanisetta,  near  the  \V.  bank  of  the 
Salso.     Pop.  3646. 

Santa  Caterina,  sin'ti  ki-ti-ree'nS,,  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  Calabria,  26  miles  S.  of  Catanzaro.     Pop.  2615. 

Santa  Caterina,  the  northernmost  headland  of  the 
island  of  Corfu. 

Santa  Catharina,  sin'ti  kJ.-ti-ree'na,,  a  fortified 
island  of  Brazil,  forming  the  superb  bay  of  the  same  name, 
off  the  coast  of  the  state  of  Santa  Catharina,  between  lat. 
27°  and  28°  S.     Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  30  miles;  breadth, 

8  miles.  Pop.  12,000.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  well 
watered,  and  covered  with  forests,  and  the  island  abounds 
with  natural  curiosities.  On  its  W.  coast  is  the  town  of 
Desterro. 

Santa  Catharina,  sin'ti  k&-tfl,-ree'n3.,  a  state  of 
Brazil,  situated  between  Int.  26°  and  30°  S.,  Ion.  49°  and 
61°  W.,  having  E.  the  Atlantic,  and  on  other  sides  the 
states  of  Parand  and  Rio  Grande  do  Sul.  Area,  27,436 
square  miles.  Pop.  236,346.  The  coast  is  low ;  surface 
elsewhere  mountainous,  traversed  by  the  Serra  Catharina 
on  the  W.,  and  well  watered.  From  the  fertility  of  the 
soil  and  the  mildness  of  the  atmosphere,  it  is  called  the 
"  paradise  of  Brazil."  The  principal  crops  are  rice,  manioc, 
millec,  sugar,  colfee,  and  cochineal,  with  a  little  cotton. 
Principal  towns,  Desterro,  Sao  Francisco,  and  Laguna. 

Santa  Christina,  Marquesas  Islands.    SeeTAUUATA. 

Santa  Clara,  sin'tS,  kli'ri,  an  islet  of  Ecuador,  in  the 
Gulf  of  Guayaquil,  13  miles  S.E.  of  the  island  of  Puna. 

Santa  Cla'ra,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  California, 
has  an  area  of  about  1150  square  miles.  The  northern  part 
of  it  is  washed  by  the  Bay  of  San  Francisco.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Guadalupe  River  and  Coyote  Cpeek.  The  surface  is 
finely  diversified  with  grassy  hills  and  heavily-timbered 
mountains.  The  most  prominent  point  is  Mount  Hamilton 
(a  peak  of  the  Coast  Range),  which  is  4449  feet  high. 
Among  the  forest  trees  are  the  fir,  pine,  redwood,  and  oak 
{Querciis  lohata).  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile,  especially  in 
the  beautiful  valley  of  Santa  Clara,  which  Is  about  20 
miles  wide.  Wheat,  barley,  hay,  cattle,  lumber,  and  wine 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  a  genial  and 
equable  climate,  and  abundance  of  good  fruit.  The  valley 
of  Santa  Clara  is  supplied  with  water  by  nearly  1000  arte- 
sian wells.  Among  its  mineral  resources  are  cinnabar  (or 
quicksilver),  copper,  asphaltum,  and  petroleum.  It  has  a 
rich  mine  of  cinnabar  at  New  Alraaden.  The  quantity  of 
cinnabar  exported  from  it  in  1875  was  31,106,200  pounds. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Southern  Pacific  Rail- 
roadi  The  San  Jos6  Branch  of  the  Central  Pacific  Rail- 
road terminates  at  San  Jose,  which  is  the  capital.  Valu- 
ation of  real  and  personal  estate,  $39,877,413.  Pop.  in 
1870,  20,246;  in  1880,  35,039. 

Santa  Clara,  a  post-village  in  Santa  Clara  township, 
■  Santa  Clara  co.,  Cal.,  is  in  a  fertile  valley  of  its  own  name, 
on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  46  miles  S.S.E.  of  San 
Francisco,  and  3  miles  W.  by  N.  of  San  Jos6.  It  is  the 
seat  of  the  University  of  the  Pacific  (Methodist  Episcopal, 
organized  in  1852),  and  contains  also  the  Santa  Clara  Col- 
lege (Catholic),  a  high  school,  6  churches,  a  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  2  tanneries,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  brewery. 
Pop.  in  1880,  2416;  of  the  township,  4785. 

Santa  Clara,  a  post-office  of  Huerfano  co..  Col.,  on  the 
Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  26  miles  N.  of  El  Moro. 

Santa  Clara,  a  village  of  Washington  co.,  Utah,  6 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  St.  George.     It  has  a  church. 

Santa  Clara  River,  California,  rises  in  Los  Angeles 
CO.,  runs  W.  through  Ventura  co.,  and  enters  the  Pacific. 

Santa  Claus,  Spencer  co.,  Ind.     See  Saxta  Fe. 

Santa  Coloma  de  Fames,  sin'tS,  ko-lo'mi  dk  fan- 
nfis,  a  town  of  Spain,  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Gorona.     P.  4403. 

Santa  Croce,  sin'td  kro'cliA.,  a  town  of  Austria,  14 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Goritz.     Pop.  1223. 

Santa  Croce,  s5,n't4  kro'chi,  a  town  of  Sicily,  13  miles 
E.W.  of  Modica,  near  the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  4008, 


Santa  Croce,  Cape,  a  headland  en  the  E.  coast  of 
Sicily,  N.  of  Agosta.     Lat.  37°  15'  N. 

Santa  Croce  di  Magliano,  sin'ti  kro'chi  dee  mil 
yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Campobasso,  8  miles 
S.E.  of  Larino.     Pop.  4241. 

Santa  Croce  di  Morcone,  sin'tS,  kro'chi  dee  moK- 
ko'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Benevento,  12  milea 
S.S.E.  of  Campobasso.     Pop.  3967. 

Santa  Croce  sull'  Arno,  sJn'tS,  kro'chi  sool-lan'no, 
a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Florence,  on  the  Arno,  6  mile" 
N.W.  of  San  Miniato.     Pop.  2493. 

Santa  Cruz,  sin'ti  kroos,  a  rapid  river  of  Patagonia, 
enters  the  Atlantic  in  lat.  50°  S.,  Ion.  68°  30'  W. 

Santa  Cruz,  a  bay  on  the  W.  side  of  Curasao. 

Santa  Cruz,  sin'ti  kroos,  or  Saint  Croix,  s?nt  kroi, 
the  largest  of  the  Virgin  Islands,  in  the  West  Indies,  form- 
ing, with  St.  Thomas  and  St.  John,  a  Danish  colony.  It 
lies  65  miles  E.S.E.  of  Porto  Rico,  lat.  (E.  point)  17°  45' 
30"  N.,  Ion.  64°  34'  W.,  and  is  about  20  miles  long  from  E. 
to  W.,  by  about  5  miles  broad.  Area,  110  square  miles. 
It  is  generally  flat,  well  watered,  and  fertile.  Climate  at 
times  unhealthy,  and  temperature  varying  from  54°  to  72°. 
Earthquakes  and  hurricanes  are  frequent.  Two-fifths  of 
the  island  are  in  sugar-cane  plantations,  and  about  one 
half  is  occupied  with  general  crops,  a  small  portion  remain- 
ing uncultivated.  Sugar  and  rum  are  the  principal  prod- 
ucts; the  others  are  cotton,  coffee,  and  indigo.  Some  cattle 
are  reared.  The  capital  and  residence  of  the  governor  is 
Christiansted;  and  in  the  island  is  another  town,  called 
Fredericksted.  Santa  Cruz  was  by  turns  under  the  sway 
of  the  Dutch,  British,  Spaniards,  and  French,  the  latter  of 
whom  ceded  it  to  Denmark.  It  was  taken  by  the  British 
in  1807,  and  restored  to  the  D.anes  by  the  treaty  of  Paris. 
The  prevailing  language  is  English,     Pop.  (1880)  18,430. 

Santa  Cruz,  Africa.    See  Angra  PequeiSa. 

Santa  Cruz,sin't4  kroos,  an  island  off  the  coast  of 
California,  separated  from  the  mainland  by  Santa  Barbara 
Channel.     Circumference,  about  45  miles. 

Santa  Cruz,  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  California,  80 
miles  S.E.  of  Loreto. 

Santa  Cruz,  an  island  off  the  N.  coast  of  Cuba,  30 
miles  N.E.  of  Matnnzas, 

Santa  Cruz,  sin'ti  kroos,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of 
California,  has  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Pacific  Ocean  and  the  Bay  of 
Monterey.  Its  N.E.  boundary  is  drawn  along  the  summit 
of  a  ridge  called  the  Gavilan  Mountains.  It  is  drained  by 
the  San  Lorenzo  and  Sequel  Rivers.  The  surface  is  mostly 
mountainous  and  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered 
with  noble  forests  of  the  oak,  redwood,  and  pine.  The  soil 
of  the  valleys  and  lowlands  is  fertile.  Wheat,  barley,  oats, 
and  lumber  are  the  staple  products.  The  redwood  here 
grows  to  a  great  size,  about  15  feet  in  diameter.  Among 
the  minerals  found  in  this  county  are  gold,  copper,  lime- 
stone, and  petroleum.  Lime  is  an  important  article  of 
export.  Sardines  and  other  fish  abound  in  the  adjacent 
bay.  Capital,  Santa  Cruz,  Valuation  of  real  and  personal 
estate,  $6,216,475.  Pop.  in  1870,  8743;  in  1880,  12,802. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Santa  Cruz  Railroad. 

Santa  Cruz,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Santa  Cruz  co,, 
Cal.,  is  on  the  Pacific  Ocean,  at  the  terminus  of  the  Santa 
Cruz  &  Feltonville  and  Santa  Cruz  <fc  Pajaro  Railroads, 
about  70  miles  by  water  S.  by  E.  of  San  Francisco,  and  30 
miles  N.  by  AV.  of  Monterey.  The  climate  is  pleasant,  and 
the  scenery  of  the  adjacent  country  is  beautiful.  Santa 
Cruz  has  a  city  hall,  2  banks,  a  hospital,  6  churches,  3  news- 
paper oflices,  a  public  hall,  a  graded  school,  3  tanneries,  2 
foundries,  a  powder-mill,  2  planing-mills,  a  flour-mill,  Ac. 
Pop.  in  1880.  3898;  in  1890,  5596, 

Santa  Cruz,  a  post-village  of  Rio  Arriba  co..  New 
Mexico,  on  the  Rio  Grande,  25  miles  N.  of  Santa  F6.  It 
has  a  church.     Pop.  about  250. 

Santa  Cruz,  sin'tS.  kroos,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and 
120  miles  S.E.  of  Goyaz,  on  the  Pari.     Pop.  3000. 

Santa  Cruz,  a  town  of  Morocco.    See  AaADEKR, 

Santa  Cruz,  a  town  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  ii-land  of 
Luzon  (Philippines),  110  miles  N.N.W.  of  Manila. 

Santa  Cruz,  a  town  of  the  Azores,  island  of  Flores, 
with  a  port.  Also,  a  town  of  the  Azores,  on  the  N.  side  of 
the  island  of  Graciosa. 

Santa  Cruz  de  la  Palma,  sin'ti  kroos  Ah,  li  pW- 
rah,  the  capital  of  the  island  of  Palma,  one  of  the  Canaries. 
It  lies  on  the  E.  coast,  in  a  spacious  bay  from  7  to  10 
fathoms  in  depth.  It  contains  several  monasteries,  a  town 
house,  a  hospital,  several  schools,  and  2  public  fountains. 
It  is  noted  for  the  manufacture  of  silk  tissues,  consisting 
of  gloves,  hosiery,  ribbons,  <tc.     Pop.  4409. 


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Santa  Cruz  de  la  Sierra,  sin'ti  kroos  d&  \k Be-4R'R&, 
the  oii8torniuo8t  and  largest  (Je{>artiucnt  of  Bolivia,  extend- 
ing between  lat.  15"  and  21°  S.  and  Ion.  58°  and  05°  W., 
having  E.  Urazil.  The  surface  is  uio!>tly  level  or  undu- 
lating, chiefly  watered  by  the  Mamore  and  its  tributaries, 
and  covered  with  unexplored  forests.  The  products  ooiupriso 
sugar,  ooffoe,  oaoao,  rice,  cotton,  honey,  and  indigo,  and  it 
is  supposed  to  be  rich  in  minerals;  but  civilized  settlements 
are  few.  The  principal  towns  of  the  department  are  Sun 
Lorenzo  do  la  i  rontora,  Santa  Cruz  de  la  Sierra,  Santiago, 
and  Conccj>cion. 

Santa  Cruz  de  la  Sierra,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  cap- 
ital of  a  department  and  province  of  the  same  name,  2U0 
miles  E.N.L.  of  Chuquisaca.    It  is  a  bishop's  sco.    1*.  U780. 

Santa  Cruz  de  lo»  Rosales,  s&n'tilL  kroos  d4  loco 
ro-f>4'lAs,  a  town  of  Mexico,  68  miles  from  Chihuahua.  It 
was  captured  by  the  Americans,  March  10,  1848. 

Santa  Cruz  del  Quiche,  s&n't&  kroos  dil  kce'chi,  a 
ruined  city  of  Guatemala,  E.N.E.  of  Quezaltenango.  Near 
it  is  a  village  of  the  same  name. 

Santa  Cruz  de  Alayo,  Mexico.    See  Ouitivis. 

Santa  Cruz  de  Teneritfe,  6&n't&.  kroos  d4  tdn^f- 
rir,  the  capital  city  and  chief  commercial  port  of  the  Cana- 
ries, on  the  N.E.  coast  of  tho  island  of  Tencriffe.  Lat.  28° 
28'  12"  N.J  Ion.  16°  U'  48"  W.  The  houses  are  white- 
washed or  painted,  and  present  a  gay  appearance.  The 
streets  are  well  paved,  and  provided  with  footpaths  and 
lamps,  and  tho  principal  square  is  surrounded  with  good 
edifices,  and  adorned  with  a  colossal  statuary  group,  repre- 
senting the  apparition  of  the  Virgin  to  the  Guanches,  the 
original  inhabitants.  At  its  extremity,  facing  the  sea,  is 
the  principal  fort.  Tho  chief  public  buildings  are  the  mili- 
tary hospital  and  the  old  Franciscan  convent,  in  which 
almost  all  the  public  bodies  hold  their  meetings.  There 
are  a  prison,  a  poor-house,  schools,  several  fountains,  2 
parish  churches,  one  of  them  magnificent,  and  3  hermit- 
ages. The  harbor  is  very  secure,  with  a  capacity  for  10 
or  12  vessels  of  war.  It  has  a  mole  of  modern  construc- 
tion, which  juts  out  far  into  tho  sea.  The  coast  is  com- 
manded by  forts  and  various  redoubts.  Wine,  brandy, 
almonds,  and  cochineal  are  exported.  Santa  Cruz  afifords 
good  coaling-facilities  for  vessels,  many  of  which  call  on 
th«ir  way  to  Australia  and  Amerioa.     Pop.  about  17,500. 

Santa  Cruz  River,  or  Rio  Santa  Cruz,  rises  near 
the  S.  boundary  of  Arizona,  and  runs  northward  to  Tucson. 
Below  this  town  it  flows  northwestward,  and  enters  the 
Gila  River  in  Pinal  co.     Gold  is  found  near  this  river. 

Santa  de  Jesus,  sin'tfl  di  h4'soos,  a  town  of  Vene- 
zuela, on  the  Meta,  46  miles  W.  of  its  junction  with  tho 
Orinoco. 

San  Tadeo,  sin  t&-d&'o,  a  river  of  Patagonia,  enters 
the  Gulf  of  San  Esteban,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and,  though 
navigable  for  only  11  miles,  is  the  largest  stream  S.  of  the 
Chiloo  Archipelago. 

Santa  Domenica,  sin'ti  do-mi'ne-k&,  a  town  of 
Italy,  in  Calabria,  3  miles  E.  of  Scalea.     Pop.  2510. 

Santa  Elena,  island.    See  Saint  Helena. 

Santa  £lena,  Ecuador.    See  Saint  Elena. 

Santa  Eufemia,  sin'ti  i-oo-fi'me-4,  or  simply  Eu- 
femia,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Catanzaro,  near  the 
Gulf  of  Santa  Eufemia,  6  miles  W,  of  Nicastro.  Pop.  of 
commune,  7601. 

Santa  Eulnlia,  s&n'tS,  i-oo-li'lo-H,  a  town  of  Ivi;a, 
one  of  tlie  Balearic  Islands.     Pop.  1048. 

Santa  F^,  s2ln't4  fi,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
province  and  7  miles  W.  of  Granada.  Santa  F6  was  built 
Dy  Ferdinand  and  Isabella  while  besieging  Granada.  In 
1806  it  was  much  shattered  by  an  earthquake.     Pop.  4357. 

Santa  Fe  (Sp.  pron.  sin'ti  fi.)  or  New  River,  a 
river  in  the  N.  part  of  Florida,  forms  the  boundary  between 
Alachua  and  Columbia  cos.,  and  enters  the  Suwanee  River. 

Santa  F6,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  New 
Mexico,  has  an  area  of  about  2000  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Rio  Grande,  and  is  diversified  by  high 
mountains  and  extensive  forests.  The  valley  of  the  Rio 
Grande  is  fertile,  but  the  county  contains  extensive  arid 
table-lands,  which  are  about  7000  feet  above  the  level  of 
tho  sea,  where  water  is  scarce  and  the  soil  is  mostly  uncul- 
tivated. Tho  Placer  Mountain  in  this  county  is  said  to 
be  rich  in  gold,  iron  ore,  and  coal  or  lignite.  Limestone 
also  abounds  here,  and  gold  is  found  in  connection  with 
quartz  rock.  Capital,  Santa  F6.  Valuation  of  real  and 
personal  estate,  $4,250,000.  Pop.  in  1870,  9699,  of  whom 
9383  were  Americana;  in  1880,  10,867. 

Santa  F6,  a  post-office  of  Bradford  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
Transit  Railroad,  73  milos  from  Fernandina. 

Santa  Fe,  a  post-hamlet  in  Santa  F6  township,  Alex- 


ander CO.,  111.,  on  tho  Mississippi  River,  about  22  milei 
N.W.  of  Cairo.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  township,  600. 

Santa  F6,  a  post-hnmlet  of  Miauii  oo.,  Ind.,  about  22 
miles  K.S.K.  of  Logansport.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  115. 

Snnta  F6,  a  hamlet  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.,  about  44  miles 
S.W.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  2  churches,  llure  is  Cuba 
Post-Offico. 

Santa  F6,  a  hamlet  of  Spencer  co.,  Ind.,  3  miles  E.  of 
Lincoln  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  church,  llure  is  Santa 
Cluus  Post-OOice. 

Santa  F6,  a  hamlet  of  Bracken  oo.,  Ky.,  G  milos  S.W. 
of  Broukvillo. 

Santa  F6,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  oo..  Mo.,  on  the 
South  Fork  of  Salt  River,  about  36  milos  S.W.  of  Hannibal. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Santa  F6  (Sp.  pron.  sln'ti  fi),  tho  capital  and  largest 
town  of  New  Mexico,  is  situated  in  a  county  of  its  own 
name,  about  20  miles  E.  of  the  Rio  Grande,  near  the  W. 
base  of  a  range  of  mountains.  Lat.  36°  41'  N. ;  Ion.  about 
106°  10'  W.  Its  site  is  elevated  6840  feet  above  tho  level 
of  the  sea,  and  the  climate  is  so  dry  that  irrigation  is  neces- 
sary for  agriculture.  The  houses  are  mostly  built  of  ntlobeii, 
or  sun-dried  bricks.  Santa  Fe  contains  a  court-house,  2 
national  banks,  a  jail,  2  newspaper  oflices,  5  churches,  and 
a  convent.  One  daily  newspaper  is  published  here.  It  is 
a  Roman  Catholic  archbishop's  see.  Copper  and  silver  are 
found  near  this  place.     Pop.  in  1870,  4765;  in  1880,  60;J5. 

Santa  Fe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Maury  co.,  Tcun.,  about  3(1 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Nashville.  It  baa  2  churches  and  an 
academy. 

Santa  F^,  s&n't&  ti,  a  city  of  the  Argentine  Republic, 
capital  of  a  province  of  its  own  name,  on  tho  E.  bank  of 
the  Rio  Salado,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Bajada  de  Santa  Fe.  Pop. 
10,670.  It  has  several  churches,  2  convents,  and  a  trade 
with  the  interior. 

Santa  F6,  a  province  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  be- 
tween lat.  30°  and  33°  S.,  Ion.  61°  and  62°  W.,  on  tho  W. 
side  of  the  river  ParanJi,  which  separates  it  from  the  prov- 
ince of  Entre  Rios.  Area,  37,500  square  miles.  Pop. 
89,117.  Principal  rivers,  the  Rio  Salado  and  the  Tcrccro. 
The  chief  towns  are  Santa  F6  (tho  capital)  and  Rosnrio. 

Santa  Fe,  an  island  in  the  province  of  Santa  F6,  Ar- 
gentine Republic,  between  the  Paranii  and  the  Rio  Salado, 
50  miles  in  length  by  6  in  average  breadth,  and  having  tho 
town  of  Santa  Fe  at  its  N.  extremity. 

Santa  F6  de  Antioquia.    See  Antioquia. 

Santa  F6  de  Bogota.    See  Bogota. 

Santa  F6  Junction.  See  Kansas  City  and  Santa 
Fis  Junction. 

Santa  Fiora,  sin'ti  fo-o'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  50  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Grosseto,  very  finely  situated  in 
the  mountains.     Pop.  6304. 

Sant'  Agata,  sint  i'g4-t4,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Caserta,  with  remains  of  a  magnificent  amphitheatre, 
and  ruins  of  ancient  Minturno.     See  also  Santhia. 

Sant'  Agata  dei  Goti,  sint  i'g&-ti  d4'e  go'teo  (anc. 
Agathap'oliH),  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Benevento,  15 
miles  E.  of  Capua.     Pop.  3648. 

Sant'  Agata  di  Puglia,  sint  i'gi-ti  dec  pod'yi,  a 
town  of  Italy,  in  Foggia,  10  miles  S.  of  I3ovino.    Pop.  5268. 

Santa  Giulietta,  sin'ti  joo-le-6t't4,  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  Piedmont,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Voghera.     Pop.  2202. 

Santagny,  sin-tig'nee  (?),  a  Spanish  town,  island  of 
Majorca,  near  the  sea,  29  miles  S.E.  of  Palma.  Near  its 
centre  stands  an  old  fortress,  which  served  as  a  protection 
against  the  Algerine  pirates.     Pop.  4210. 

Sant'  Agostino,  s4nt  i-gAs-tee'no,  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  Fcrrara,  on  the  Reno,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Cento.    Pop.  7544. 

Santa  Helena,  sin'ti  A-li'nJ.,  a  town  of  Brazil,  prov- 
ince of  Maranhao,  60  milos  W.S.W.  of  Guimaraens. 

Santa  Inez,  sin'ti  o-n6s'  ("Saint  Agnes"),  a  river  of 
Santa  Barbara  co.,  Cal.,  rises  among  the  mountains  of  the 
Coast  Range,  and,  flowing  in  a  general  W.  course,  falls  into 
the  Pacific  Ocean  about  10  miles  N.  of  Cape  Concejicion. 

Santa  Inez,  a  decayed  village  and  township  of  Santa 
Barbara  co.,  Cal.,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Santa  Barbara.  Total 
pop.  1038.  Here  is  a  church  at  the  site  of  the  old  Spanish 
mission  of  Santa  Inez,  with  many  ruined  buildings.  Soe 
also  IsLA  DEL  Angel  de  la  Guardia. 

Santa  Isabel,  s&n'ti  e-si-bdl',  a  town  of  Brazil,  state 
of  Matto-Grosso,  on  the  Paraguafu.  It  is  the  capital  of  its 
district,  and  consists  of  3000  mud  and  straw  huts. 

Santa  Isabel,  a  town  of  Brazil,  state  and  120  miles 
N.E.  of  Sao  Paulo. 

Santa  Jnana,  sin't&  Boo-8,'n&,  a  town  of  Chili,  on  the 
Biobio,  province  and  35  miles  S.E.  of  Conoepcion. 

Santa  Lagoa,  s&n'ti  l&-go'&,  a  village  of  Brazil,  state 


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of  Jlinas-Geraes,  on  a  lake  of  the  same  name,  16  miles  N.E 
of  Sahara.  It  owes  its  existence  to  the  medicinal  water  of 
the  lakes. 

Saiital  Pergun'nahs,  or  Santal  Parganas,  sin- 
til'  per-gun'naz,  a  district  of  Bengal,  Boglipoor  division, 
lat.  23°  48'-25°  19'  N.,  Ion.  86°  30'-87°  58'  E.  Area, 
5488  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  in  part  on  the  N.  and  E. 
by  the  Ganges.  The  greater  part  of  the  country  is  a  jungle, 
with  undeveloped  resources.  Among  its  people  are  many 
Santals,  a  very  interesting  tribe  of  hill-men.  Capital,  Naya 
Dumka.     Pop.  1,259,287. 

SanUalpoor'  and  Char'kot,  a  native  state  of  India, 
in  Myhee  Caunta.     Pop.  18,193. 

San'ta  Lu'ca,  a  post-office  of  Gilmer  co.,  Ga. 

Santa  Luce,  sin'ti  loo'chi,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Pisa,  about  9  miles  from  Lari.     Pop.  2243. 

Santa  Lucia,  sin'ti  loo-che'i,  a  town  of  Sicily,  prov- 
ince and  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Messina.     Pop.  4500. 

Santa  Lucia,  a  town  of  Sicily,  7  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Milazzo.     Pop.  4983. 

Santa  Lucia,  sin'ti  loo-see'i,  a  town  of  the  Argentine 
Republic,  106  miles  from  Corrientes,  on  the  Parand. 

Santa  Lucia,  a  bay  on  the  E.  coast  of  Borneo.  Lat. 
4°  20'  N.;  Ion.  117°  E. 

Santa  Lucia,  sin'ti  loo-see'i,  a  river  of  Uruguay, 
joins  the  Plata  estuary  7  miles  N.W.  of  Montevideo,  after 
a  S.  course  of  100  miles. 

Santa  Lussurgui,  sin'ti  loos-soou'gwee,  a  village  in 
the  island  of  Sardinia,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cagliari,  in  a 
large  hollow.     Pop.  4564. 

Santa  Luzia  or  Lucia,  sin'ti  loo-see'i,  one  of  the 
Cape  Verd  Islands,  N.W.  of  St.  Nicholas,  and  S.E.  of  Santo 
Antonio.     Length,  8  miles  ;  breadth,  3  miles. 

Santa  Luzia  or  Lucia,  sin'ti  loo-see'i,  a  town  of 
Brazil,  province  and  120  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Goyaz. 

Santa  Luzia,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  of  Alagoas, 
formerly  called  Alagoas  do  Norte,  i-li-go'is  do  noR'- 
ti,  on  a  lake,  about  110  miles  S.S.W,  of  Recife.    Pop.  1600. 

Santa  Luzia,  a  village  of  Brazil,  province  of  Minas- 
Geraes,  on  the  Rio  das  Velhas,  60  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ouro 
Preto.     Pop.  of  district,  6000. 

Santa  Luzia,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  of  Scrgipe, 
sometimes  called  Santa  Luzia  do  Rio  Real,  sin'ti 
loo-see'i  do  ree'o  ri-il',  on  a  height  above  the  small  river 
Guararema,  a  tributary  of  the  Real,  26  miles  S.S.W.  of  Sao 
Christovao.     Pop.  of  district,  1600. 

Santa  Madonna  dcgli  Angeli,  sin'ti  mi-don'ni 
dil'yee  in'ji-le,  or  Santa  Maria  degli  Angeli,  sin'- 
ti mi-ree'i  dil'yee  in'ji-le,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and 
11  miles  E.S.E.  of  Perugia.  It  has  a  celebrated  church, 
which  gives  it  its  name. 

Santa  Magdalena,  sin'ti  ralg-di-li'ni,  a  bay  on  the 
N.E.  coast  of  Malta,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Valetta. 

Sant  Amand,  si.Nt  i'mint',  or  Saint-Amand,  sixt 
i^mftN"',  a  commune  of  Belgium,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ant- 
werp, on  the  Scheldt.     Pop.  2800. 

Santa  Margarita,  Majorca.    See  Margarita. 

Santa  Margarita,  sin'ti  maR-gi-ree'ti,  a  town  of 
Bieily,  42  miles  N.W.  of  Girgenti.     Pop.  7478. 

Santa  Margarita,  sin'ti  man-gi-ree'ti,  an  island  oflf 
the  W.  coast  of  Lower  California.  Lat.  24°  30'  N. ;  Ion. 
111°  30'  W.  It  is  separated  from  the  mainland  by  the  Bay 
of  Madelina.  Length,  from  N.W.  to  S.E.,  45  miles ;  great- 
est breadth,  15  miles. 

Santa  Margarita,  a  post-office  of  San  Luis  Obispo 
CO.,  Cal. 

Santa  Margarita  (or  Margherita)  Ligure,  sin'- 
ti man-gi-ree'ti  lee-goo'Ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Genoa,  on  the  sea,  9  miles  W.  of  Chiavari.  It  has  coral- 
fisheries  and  manufactures  of  lace.     Pop.  7188. 

Santa  Maria,  one  of  the  Azores.    See  Saint  Mary. 

Santa  Maria,  sin'ti  mi-ree'i,  a  post-village  of  Santa 
Barbara  co.,  Cal.,  near  Santa  Maria  River,  and  near  the 
sea,  50  miles  N.W.  of  Santa  Barbara.     It  has  a  church. 

Santa  Maria,  a  post-village  of  Cameron  co.,  Tex.,  on 
or  near  the  Rio  Grande,  28  miles  above  Brownsville.  It 
hag  a  church.     Sugar  is  made  here. 

Santa  Maria,  sin'ti  mi-ree'i,  a  small  island  off  the 
eoast  of  Chili,  department  and  30  miles  S.W.  of  Concepcion, 
in  the  Bay  of  Arauco.  Its  surface  was  raised  from  8  to  10 
feet  by  the  earthquake  of  February,  1835.  Lat.  37°  2'  8" 
8. ;  Ion.  73°  34'  15"  W. 

'    Santa  Maria,  sin'ti  mi-ree'i,  a  town  of  the  island  of 
Majorca,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Palma.     Pop.  1410. 

Santa  Maria  a  Monte,  sin'ti  mi-ree'i  i  mon'ti,  or 
Maria  in  Monte,  mi-ree'i  in  mon'ti,  a  town  of  Tus- 
cany, near  Florence,  on  the  Arno.    Pop.  2228. 
151 


Santa  Maria  a  Vico,  sin'ti  mi-ree'i  i  vee'ko,  a  vil- 
lage of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta,  near  Nola.     Pop.  4572. 

Santa  Maria  de  Belem,  Brazil.    See  Para. 

Santa  Maria  de  Fe,  sin'ti  mi-ree'i  di  fi,  a  town 
of  Paraguay,  45  miles  E.  of  ^eembucu.  Here  the  naturalist 
Bonpland  vraa  long  detained  a  prisoner  by  Francia. 

Santa  Maria  degli  Angeli.  See  Santa  Madonna 
DEGLI  Angeli. 

Santa  Maria  del  Principe,  Cuba.  See  Villa  del 
Principe. 

Santa  Maria  de  Marin,  sin'ti  mi-ree'i  di  mi-reen', 
a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  9  miles  N.  of  Vigo.  It  has 
a  good  harbor  on  the  Bay  of  Vigo,  and  an  active  fishery. 

Santa  Maria  de  Nieva,  sin'ti  mi-ree'i  di  ne-i'vi, 
a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  15  miles  N.AV.  of  Segovia. 

Santa  Maria  de  Puerto  Principe,  Cuba.  See 
Puerto  Principe. 

Santa  Maria  de  Sada,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Sada. 

Santa  Maria  di  Capua,  sin'ti  mi-ree'i  dee  ki'- 
poo-i,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta,  5  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Caserta.  It  has  a  criminal  and  a  civil  court,  and  several 
Roman  antiquities,  including  the  remains  of  a  large  am- 
phitheatre, a  subterranean  gallery,  and  a  triumphal  arch 
across  the  road  to  Capua.     Pop.  16,651. 

Santa  Maria  di  Leuca.    See  Cape  Leuca. 

Santa  Maria  di  Licodia.    See  Licodia. 

Santa  Maria  River,  California,  forms  the  northern 
boundary  of  Santa  Barbara  co.,  runs  nearly  westward,  and 
enters  the  Pacific  20  miles  S.  of  San  Luis  Obispo. 

Santa  Marta,  sin'ti  man'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  19  miles  S.S.E.  of  Badnjos.     Pop.  2920. 

Santa  Marta,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Lugo,  on 
the  Bay  of  Santa  Marta,  6  miles  S.  of  Cape  Ortegal. 

Santa  Marta  or  Martha,  sin'ti  man'ti,  a  seaport 
town  of  the  republic  of  Colombia,  capital  of  the  department 
of  Magdalena,  on  the  E.  shore  of  a  bay  of  the  Caribbean 
Sea,  40  miles  N.E.  of  the  mouth  of  the  river  Magdalena. 
Pop.  3500.  It  has  some  good  residences,  a  conspicuous 
cathedral,  and  a  tolerable  harbor.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Santa  Maura,  sin'ti  mow'ri,  or  Leuca'dia  (anc. 
Leueaa  /  Gr.  Acuxdt,  or  Leucadia,  AevKaSia,  modern  Greek 
pron.  Ifif-ki-THce'i),  one  of  the  Ionian  Islands,  in  Greece, 
separated  by  a  channel,  1  mile  across,  from  the  W.  coast  of 
Acarnania,  with  which  it  is  said  to  have  been  connected. 
Length,  22  miles;  extreme  breadth,  9  miles.  Area,  180 
square  miles.  Pop.  20,892.  A  chain  of  limestone  moun- 
tains intersects  it  from  N.  to  S.,  covering  the  surface  with 
its  spurs,  and  terminating  S.W.  in  the  promontory  of  Cape 
Ducato  (anc.  Leucadia,  from  the  Greek  Aevicds,  leukos, 
"white"),  famous  as  "Sappho's  Leap,"  and  from  the  white 
cliffs  of  which  the  island  derived  its  name.  Mount  St. 
Elias,  in  the  centre,  is  3000  feet  in  height.  The  climate  is 
variable,  the  temperature  often  rising  or  falling  20  degrees 
in  a  day  ;  the  low  grounds  are  unhealthy.  In  the  N.  is  a 
rich  plain,  and  elsewhere  are  many  fertile  valleys,  but 
scarcely  one-eighth  of  the  soil  is  under  cultivation,  and  not 
enough  corn  is  raised  for  home  consumption.  The  princi- 
pal crops  are  wheat,  maize,  oil,  and  wine.  Many  of  the 
population  live  by  fishing,  the  manufacture  of  salt,  and 
annual  emigrations  to  the  mainland  as  laborers  in  harvest- 
time.  The  principal  towns  are  Amaxichi,  the  capital,  and 
Vliko,  both  on  the  E.  coast.  The  castle  of  Santa  Maura, 
whence  the  modern  name  of  the  island,  is  at  its  N.  ex- 
tremity. Between  it  and  Amaxichi  is  a  lagoon,  whence 
much  salt  is  obtained. 

Sant'  Ambrogio,  sint  im-bro'jo,  a  village  of  North- 
ern Italy,  near  Verona,  with  thermal  baths.  •, 

Sant'  Ambrogio,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont. 

Santa  Monica,  sin'ti  mon'e-ki,  a  post-village  and 
summer  resort  of  Los  Angeles  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Pacifie 
Ocean,  15  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Los  Angeles.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  large  hotel.     Pop.  in  1880,  417. 

Sant'  Anastasia,  sint  i-nis-ti'she-i,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  5  miles  E.  of  Naples,  at  the  N.  foot  of  Vesu- 
vius.    Pop.  6616. 

Santan'der  (Sp.  pron.  sin-tin-daiR' ;  anc.  Por'tiit 
Blen'dium  /),  a  city  of  Spain,  capital  of  a  province  of  its 
own  name,  207  miles  N.  of  Madrid.  Lat.  43°  28'  N.;  Ion. 
3°  41'  W.  It  is  situated  on  a  headland,  and  has  a  large 
and  secure  port  in  the  Bay  of  Biscay,  with  good  anchor- 
age and  shelter,  and  a  mole  and  docks.  The  town  is 
the  terminus  of  a  railway  to  Madrid.  In  the  more  ancient 
quarter  the  streets  are  narrow  and  the  houses  lofty,  while 
in  the  modern  portion  the  streets  are  spacious  and  the 
houses  of  good  architecture.  There  are  10  squares,  large 
and  small,  a  town  house  and  prison,  theatre,  shambles,  baths, 
public  markets,  promenades,  and  an  elm-planted  road  sor- 


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rounding  the  entire  city.  Thoro  are  al8o  a  hnniUome  hos- 
pital for  the  sick,  an  Mylum  for  the  indigent,  a  foundling 
nosnital,  a  custom-house,  and  an  educational  establish  men  t, 
witli  profesaors  of  mathematics,  Latin,  experimental  physics 
and  chemistry,  Ao.  Santander  is  a  busy  and  thriving  place ; 
the  fish,  both  of  sea  and  fresh  water,  are  plentiful  and  ex- 
Mllent.  It  has  a  cigar-manufactory,  a  foundry,  brewery, 
eooporagos,  fish-curing  establishments,  nnd  tanneries,  be- 
tides manufactories  of  refined  sugar,  sugar-candy,  wax  and 
tallow  candles,  vermicelli,  hats,  Ao,  The  imports  consist 
ehiefly  of  sugar,  brandy,  cacao,  hides,  ootfee,  dye-woods, 
dried  cod,  wrought  iron,  tin  plates,  oil,  rice,  bar  iron,  figs, 
raisins,  &o. ;  and  the  exports,  of  flour,  rice,  hides,  wheat, 
maizo,  nails,  gypsum,  pulse,  kidncy-boans,  brandy,  &o. 
The  bay  and  port  were  much  esteemed  in  the  early  periods 
of  Spanish  history.  It  afterwards  decayed  into  a  mere  fish- 
ing town,  but  rose  when  entitled  to  trade  with  South  Amer- 
ica; and  it  still  supplies  Cuba  with  corn  from  the  Costilcs, 
bringing  back  colonial  produce.     Pop.  SO, 202. 

Santander,  a  province  of  Spain,  having  N.  the  Bay 
of  Biscay.  Area,  2113  square  miles.  On  the  coast  are  the 
harbors  of  Santander  and  Santona,  which,  with  Santillana 
*nd  Laredo,  are  its  chief  towns.     Pop.  240,172. 

Santander,  a  river  of  Mexico,  state  of  Tamaulipos, 
enters  the  (iulf  of  Mexico  110  miles  N.  of  Tampioo.  On  it 
are  the  towns  of  Nuevo  Santander  and  Soto  la  Marina,  near 
which  latter  it  receives  an  afliluent  from  the  N.  It  is  of 
considerable  size,  but  its  navigation  is  impeded  at  its  mouth. 

Santander,  a  department  of  the  republic  of  Colombia, 
having  the  Miigdalena  River  on  the  W.  and  Venezuela  on 
the  N.E.  Area,  16,000  square  miles.  Tobacco,  coffee, 
hides,  drug',  straw  hats,  indigo,  and  wax  are  largely  ex- 
ported.    Capital,  Socorro.     Pop.  555,600. 

Santanaer,  New.    See  Nuevo  Santander. 

Sant'  Andrea,  s&nt  &n-dr&'&,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Avellino,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Conza.     Pop.  2141. 

Sant'  Andrea,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Calabria,  S.S.E. 
of  Squillace.     Pop.  3553. 

Sant'  Andrea,  a  small  island  in  the  Adriatic,  near  the 
N.W.  point  of  the  island  of  Lissa. 

Sant'  Angelo,  s&nt  kn'ji-lo,  a,  town  of  Italy,  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Padua.     Pop.  2634. 

Sant'  Angelo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Chieti,  7 
miles  N.W.  of  Pescara.     Pop.  3926. 

Sant'  Angelo,  a  town  of  Sicily,  12  miles  N.  of  Qir- 
genti.     Pop.  1220. 

Sant'  Angeio,  a  mountain  of  Italy,  S.  of  Castel-a- 
Mare. 

Sant'  Angelo,  Morea.    See  Cape  Malta. 

Sant'  Angelo  Capola,  sint  &n'jd-lo  ki'po-l&,  a  town 
of  Italy.  3  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bencvento.     Pop.  2739. 

Sant'  Angelo  del  Lombardi,  sint  &n'jd-lo  d&'e 
lom-bau'dee,  a  city  of  Italy,  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Avellino. 
It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  6654. 

Sant'  Angelo  delle  Fratte,  sint  in'ji-lo  dSI'Id 
frit'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Salerno,  19  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Carapagna.     Pop.  1656. 

Sant'  Angeio  di  Brolo,  s&nt  in'ji-lo  dco  bro'lo,  a 
town  of  Sicily,  province  of  Messina,  near  the  sea,  10  miles 
W.  of  Patti.     Pop.  6306. 

Sant'  Angelo  Lodigiano,  sint  in'jA-lo  lo-de-ji'no, 
a  town  of  Italy,  in  Milan,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Lodi.     P.  85U0. 

Santanilla  (sin-ti-neel'yi)  or  Swan  Islands,  two 
islands  of  the  Caribbean  Se.a,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Bay  of 
Honiluras,  150  miles  N.  of  the  Mosquito  coast,  in  lat.  17° 
25'  N.,  Ion.  83°  60'  W. 

Santa  Ninfa,  sin'ti  neen'fi,  a  town  of  Sicily,  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Salemi.     Pop.  6685. 

Sant'  Antiino,  sint  in-tee'mo,  a  town  of  Italy,  7 
miles  N.  of  the  city  of  Naples.     Pop.  8612. 

Santa  Panla,  sin'ti  pow'li,  a  post-village  of  Ventura 
eo.,  Cal.,  35  miles  W.  of  San  Fernando.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  graded  school,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  600, 

Santa  Pietra,  sin'ti  pe-i'tri,  a  town  of  Italy,  near 
the  Mediterranean,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Lucca.     Pop.  3884. 

Santa  Pola,  sin'ti  po'li,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  12  miles  S.W.  of  Alicante,  on  the  Mediterranean. 
Pop.  2694, 

San'taquin,  a  post-village  of  Utah  oo.,  Utah,  about  70 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Salt  Lake  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  steam  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  500. 

Sant'  Arcangelo,  sint  aii-kin'ji-lo,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Forli,  7  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Rimini.     P.  1826. 

Sant'  Arcangelo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basilicata,  10 
miles  W.  of  Tursi.     Pop.  4327. 

Santarem,  sin-ti-r^N"'  (ano.  Scal'alit,  or  Prse»tdium 
Jit'lium),  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Estremadura,  on  the  Tagus^ 


60  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lisbon.  Pop.  5937.  It  sUnds  on  a 
hill,  and  is  divided  into  three  parts, — the  Maravilla,  at  the 
summit,  the  Ribcra,  on  the  E.  slope,  and  the  Alfange,  close 
to  the  river.  It  has  Latin  schools,  with  several  j)nlaci;s, 
now  almost  in  ruins,  but  testifying  to  its  former  grandeur 
when  the  court  was  held  hero,  in  tiie  fifteenth  century. 

Santarem,  sin-ti-rfij*"',  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  of 
Pard,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Tapajos,  at  itj  confluence 
with  the  Amazon,  60  miles  S.W.  of  MonUlegre.  Pop. 
2500.  The  principal  edifices  are  a  fort  and  the  parish 
church.     Its  chief  trade  is  in  cacao  and  medicinal  plants. 

Santarem  Channel,  West  Indies,  between  the  Qrent 
Bahama  and  Salt  Key  Banks,  in  lat.  24°  N.,  Ion.  79°  W., 
is  40  miles  across. 

Santa  Rita,  sin'ti  ree'ti,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monterey 
CO.,  Cal.,  about  6  miles  N.  of  Salinas. 

Santa  Rita,  sin'ti  ree'ti,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province 
of  Minas-Oeraes,  S.E.  of  SJU)  Joao  del  Rei.     Pop.  6800. 

Santa  Rita,  a  village  of  Brazil.     See  Urukaiii. 

Santa  Rosa,  sin'ti  ro'zi,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part 
of  Florida,  bordering  on  Alabama,  has  an  area  of  about  1 500 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Gulf  of  Mex. 
ico,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Escambia  River.  It  is  also 
drained  by  the  Yellow  River.  Pensacola  Bay  touches  the 
S.W.  part  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and 
partly  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  The 
soil  is  poor.  Lumber  is  the  chief  article  of  export.  Cap- 
ital,  Milton.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate, 
$2,150,000.  Pop.  in  1870,  3312,  of  whom  3239  were 
Americans;  in  1880,  6645, 

Santa  Rosa,  a  township  of  San  Luis  Obispo  oo,,  Cal. 
Pop.  nil, 

Santa  Rosa,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal., 
on  Santa  Rosa  Creek,  and  on  the  San  Francisco  &  North 
Pacific  Railroad,  57  miles  N.  by  W.  of  San  Francisco.  It 
is  situated  in  a  fertile  valley,  near  the  W.  base  of  the  Coast 
Range,  and  has  a  delightful  climate,  adapted  to  the  culture 
of  grapes.  It  has  a  court-house,  7  or  8  churches,  2  news- 
paper  offices,  a  bank,  a  savings-bank,  the  Pacific  Methodist 
College  (organized  in  1862),  the  Christian  College,  and 
manufactures  of  iron,  soap,  and  carriages.     P.  (1880)3616. 

Santa  Rosa,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  co..  Mo. 

Santa  Rosa,  a  post-office  of  San  Miguel  co..  New 
Mexico. 

Santa  Rosa,  sin'ti  ro'si,  a  town  of  the  United  States 
of  Colombia,  state  of  Cundinamarca,  40  miles  E.  of  Antio- 
quia.     It  h.-is  rich  gold-mines. 

Santa  Rosa,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  and  32  miles  N. 
of  Cohahuila.     Pop.  4000.     Near  it  are  silver-mines. 

Santa  Rosa,  an  island  off  the  coast  of  California,  35 
miles  S.W.  of  Santa  Barbara. 

Santa  Rosa  de  los  Andes.    See  Anher. 

Santa  Se,  sin'ti  si,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  of  Bahia, 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Sao  Francisco.     Lat.  10°  30'  S. 

Santa  Tccla,  sin'ti  tfik'li,  a  village  of  Uruguay,  on 
the  Brazilian  frontier,  128  miles  W.N.W.  of  Sao  Pedro  do 
Rio  Grande. 

Santa  Teresa,  sin'ti  ti-ri'si,  a  fort  of  Uruguay,  on 
the  Atlantic,  near  the  Brazilian  frontier,  and  95  miles  N.E. 
of  Maldonado. 

Santa  Trinittt,  sin'ti  tre-ne-ti',  a  village  of  Dalmatia, 
2  miles  S.W.  of  Cottaro. 

Santa  Trinita  de  Cava,  sin'ti  tre-ne-ti'  di  ki'vJ, 
an  abbey  of  Italy,  province  of  Salerno,  3  miles  N.W.  of 
Salerno.  It  was  founded  in  the  ninth  century,  and  is  ex 
tremely  rich  in  works  of  art. 

Santee,  san-tee',  a  post- village  of  Covington  co..  Miss, 
about  65  miles  S.S.E.  of  Jackson. 

Santee,  a  township  of  Clarendon  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  977. 

Santee,  a  township  of  Georgetown  co..  S.C.    Pop.  2571. 

Santee  A'gency,  a  post-village  of  Ivnox  co.,  Neb.,  on 
the  Missouri  River,  30  miles  above  Yankton,  S.D.  It  has 
several  churches  and  schools.  Here  is  an  Indian  reserva- 
tion of  the  Santeo  Sioux. 

Santee  River,  South  Carolina,  is  formed  by  the  Con- 
garee  and  Wateree  Rivers,  which  unite  at  the  S.E.  extrem- 
ity of  Richland  co.  It  runs  southeastward,  forms  the 
boundary  between  Orangeburg  and  Charleston  cos.  on  tlie 
right,  and  Clarendon,  Williamsburg,  and  Georgetown  cos.  on 
the  left,  and  enters  the  Atlantic  Ocean  near  lat.  33°  7'  N. 
It  is  about  160  miles  long.  Steamboats  ascend  this  river 
to  Columbia. 

Sant' £lia  Flume  Rapido,sint  i-lee'i  fee-oo'mi 
ri-pee'do,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta,  4  miles  from 
San  Germano.     Pop.  2682. 

Santen,  or  Sancten,  Prussia.     See  Xanten. 

Sant'  Eramo  in  CoUe.  sint  4-ri'mo  in  kolli, » 


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2395 


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town  of  Italy,  province  of  Bari,  11  miles  E.  of  Altamura. 
Pop.  9253. 

Santerno,  sin-tSn'no  (anc.  Vatre'nus),  a  river  of 
Italy,  in  Tuscany  and  Emilia,  joins  the  Po  di  Primaro  12 
miles  N.AV.  of  Ravenna.     Length,  55  miles. 

Santerre,  s6s»H5rt',  an  old  subdivision  of  France,  now 
forming  the  E.  part  of  the  department  of  Somme. 

Sant'  Eufemia,  sint  d,-oo-fi.'me-d,  several  places  in 
Italy,  particularly  a  village  in  Calabria,  on  a  river,  17  miles 
N.W.  of  Reggio.     Pop.  6252.     See  Santa  Eufemia. 

Santhia,  silnHe-a,',  or  Sant'  Agata,  s3,nt  il'g.\-ti,  a 
town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Vercelli,  on 
the  canal  extending  thonce  to  Ivrea.     Pop.  3249, 

Santiago,  s^n-te-i'go,  a  river  of  Ecuador,  after  an  E. 
course  of  ISO  miles,  joins  the  Amazon  at  Santiago,  about 
lat.  4°  12'  S.,  Ion.  77°  20'  W. 

Santiago,  a  river  of  Ecuador,  department  of  Imba- 
bura,  enters  Saldinas  Bay  60  miles  N.E.  of  Esmeraldas, 
after  a  N.W.  course  of  75  miles. 

Santiago,  a  river  of  San  Salvador,  enters  the  Pacific 
20  miles  W.  of  Sonsonate. 

Santiago,  san't^-a'go,  a  post-township  of  Sherburne 
CO.,  Minn.,  on  a  branch  of  Elk  River,  about  20  miles  E.  by 
S.  of  St.  Cloud.     Pop.  205. 

Santiago,  sin-to-A'go,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  department 
of  Santa  Cruz  de  la  Sierra,  near  the  Brazil  frontier,  190 
miles  S.E.  of  Chiquitos. 

Santiago,  a  town  of  Ecuador,  department  of  Asuay,  on 
the  Amazon,  at  the  influx  of  the  Santiago. 

Santiago,  s3,n-te-3,'go,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of 
Jalisco,  near  the  Rio  Grande,  58  miles  S.E.  of  Acaponeta. 

Santiago,  a  village  of  Mexico,  in  Lower  California, 
on  the  Gulf  of  California,  40  miles  N.E.  of  Cape  St.  Lucas. 

Santiago,  a  village  of  Mexico,  state  of  Vera  Cruz, 
near  Jalapa. 

Santiago,  a  town  of  Paraguay,  near  the  ParanS,  60 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Itapua. 

Santiago,  sin-te-5,'go,  or  Ribeira  Grande,  re-nk'- 
e-rh,  grdn'di,  Capo  Verd  Islands,  a  town  with  a  small  har- 
bor, 7  miles  W.  of  Porto  Praya. 

Santiago,  a  town  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  island  of 
Teneriffe. 

Santiago,  sln-te-d'go.  Saint  Ja'go,  or  Saint 
James  (Port.  Santhiago,  or  Samtiago,  s5wj(o-to-i'go),  the 
largest  and  southernmost  of  the  Cape  Verd  Islands,  in  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  off  the  W.  extremity  of  Africa.  Lat.  15° 
N. ;  Ion.  23°  40'  W.  Length,  35  miles  ;  breadth,  12  miles. 
Pop.  32,000.  The  surface  is  elevated,  and  Mount  St.  An- 
tonio, in  its  centre,  rises  to  7400  feet  in  height.  More  corn 
is  raised  than  is  required  for  home  consumption  ;  other  prod-  • 
ucts  are  physic-nuts,  coffee,  sugar,  indigo,  cotton,  tropical 
fruits,  and  poultry.  Cotton  stuffs  manufactured  in  the 
island,  mules,  salt,  and  archil  are  among  the  exports.  Chief 
town,  Porto  Praya. 

Santiago,  siln-te-i'go,  a  province  of  Chili,  between 
lat.  33°  and  34°  S.  and  Ion.  70°  and  72°  W.,  having  N.  the 
province  of  Aconcagua  and  S.  Colehagua.  Area,  7715 
square  miles.  Principal  river,  the  Maypu.  Within  that 
portion  of  the  Andes  that  runs  through  this  province  is  to 
be  found  the  peak  of  Tupungato,  rising  to  the  height  of 
15,000  feet.  Within  its  limits,  also,  are  the  mineral  waters 
of  Colina  and  Apoquindo,  much  resorted  to.  Principal 
cities,  Siinti;igo  de  Chili  nnd  Rancagua.     Pop.  365,940. 

Santiago,  or  Santiago  del  Estero,  sin-te-i'go 
dSl  ds-ti'ro,  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  capital  of 
a  province  of  its  own  name,  on  the  Rio  Dulce.     Pop.  7775. 

Santiago,  or  Santiago  del  Estero,  the  central 
province  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  between  lat.  27°  and 
30°  S.  and  Ion.  61°  30'  and  65°  40'  W.  Area,  30,524  square 
miles.  Pop.  132,898.  It  comprises  cultivated  tracts  along 
the  rivers  Salado  and  Dulce,  which  produce  good  crops  of 
wheat  and  maize,  with  some  cochineal,  honey,  wax,  sugar, 
and  indigo.     Principal  towns,  Santiago  and  Matara. 

Santiago  Atitlan,  s3,n-te-4'go  i-teet-l3,n',  a  town  of 
Guatemala,  90  miles  W.  of  the  city  of  Guatemala,  between 
two  volcanoes,  from  8000  to  10,000  feet  in  elevation,  and 
near  the  lake  of  Atitlan.     Pop.  20,000. 

Santiago  de  Arma,  South  America.    See  Arma. 

Santiago  de  Caballeros.  See  Guatemala  la  An- 
tigua. 

Santiago  de  Caeem,  sin-te-i'go  di  ki-sSs"'  (anc. 
Mirobriga),  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Estremadura, 
at  the  foot  of  a  castle-crowned  height,  near  the  coast,  34 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Setubal.  Pop.  2000.  It  has  ruined  forti- 
fications and  other  remains. 

Santiago  de  Calatrava.    See  Calatrava. 

Santiago  de  Carbajo,  s&n-te-&'go  dk  kaR-b&'Ho,  a 


village  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  about  50  miles  AV.N.W, 
of  Caceres,  near  the  Tagus.     Pop.  1462. 

Santiago  de  Chili,  sftn-te-4'go  di  chil'lee  (Sp.  San- 
tiago de  Chile,  sin-te-i'go  di  chee'li),  the  capital  city  of 
Chili,  situated  in  a  large  and  fertile  plain,  at  the  foot  of 
the  Andes,  at  an  elevation  of  about  1800  feet,  90  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Valparaiso.  Lat.  33°  35'  S. ;  Ion.  70°  43'  38" 
W.  The  Mapocha,  a  rapid  stream,  divides  it,  the  principal 
part  being  on  the  N,  or  right  bank  of  the  river.  The  city 
is  laid  out  in  squares,  with  streets  intersecting  one  another 
at  right  angles,  but,  owing  to  the  prevalence  of  earthquakes, 
the  houses  are  seldom  more  than  one  story  high,  and  gen- 
erally occupy  a  large  space,  having  gardens  and  courts  in 
the  interior.  They  are  plentifully  supplied  with  water, 
many  of  them  being  stately  mansions,  fitted  up  with  splen- 
dor and  elegance.  There  are  lines  of  street-railway,  anil 
the  city  is  the  terminus  of  two  important  railway  lines, 
connecting  it  with  Valparaiso  and  Curic(5. 

Santiago  possesses  very  fine  public  walks.  The  Alameda 
is  a  promenade  of  more  than  a  mile  in  extent,  consisting 
of  three  double  rows  of  poplars,  with  a  stream  of  running 
water  between.  The  Tajamar,  on  the  banks  of  the  Mapo- 
cha, is  nearly  3  miles  long,  and  consists  of  an  embankment 
of  solid  masonry  for  the  purpose  of  protecting  the  city 
from  the  inroads  of  the  river.  The  view  towards  the  Andes 
is  here  wholly  unobstructed;  it  embraces  the  grandest  dis- 
play of  mountain-scenery  perhaps  to  be  found  in  the  world. 
The  Plaza,  or  Great  Square,  is  a  large  open  area,  adorned 
with  a  fine  fountain ;  on  the  N.  side  is  the  old  palace,  an 
irregular,  heavy-looking  pile,  formerly  the  residence  of  the 
presidents,  now  used  as  barracks,  prison,  and  treasury.  On 
the  W.  side  stands  the  cathedral,  a  capacious  edifice.  The 
mint  is  a  handsome  building,  of  a  quadrangular  form. 

Santiago  is  an  archbishop's  see,  the  seat  of  the  supreme 
government,  of  the  courts  of  law,  and  of  the  legislature. 
It  has  also  numerous  churches  and  monastic  establishments, 
2  large  and  well-endowed  hospitals,  that  of  "San  Juan  de 
Dios"  for  males,  and  that  of  "  San  Francisco  de  Borjas"  for 
females.  The  inhabitants  are  remarkably  kind  and  hospi- 
table to  strangers.  Among  the  public  buildings  and  insti- 
tutions are  the  city  hall,  archbishop's  palace,  congress 
building,  extensive  barracks,  arsenals,  the  penitentiary, 
the  university,  academy  of  science,  normal  and  professional 
schools,  and  public  library. 

Santiago  was  founded  in  1541  by  Valdivia,  one  of  the 
Spanish  conquerors.  It  early  became  a  populous  and  opu- 
lent city,  but  the  jealous  policy  of  Spain  checked  the  progress 
of  this  place;  and  it  was  only  when  Chili  threw  off  the 
yoke  of  the  mother-country  that  it  sprang  into  active  life. 
From  that  time  it  has  steadily  and  rapidly  advanced  in 
civilization,  population,  and  wealth.  Estimated  popula- 
tion in  1884,  200,000. 

Santiago  de  Compostela,  sin-te-i'go  di  kom-pos- 
ti'li  ("Saint  James  of  Compostel'la"),  or  simply  Com- 
postela (anc.  Campus  Stellxf),  a  city  of  Spain,  province 
and  33  miles  S.S.W.  of  Corunna,  on  the  Sar.  Pop.  26,928. 
The  cathedral,  with  a  modern  front,  noble  cloisters,  and  a 
portion  of  the  original  edifice  of  the  ninth  century,  has  a 
very  striking  interior,  and  each  of  its  sides  faces  a  public 
square,  in  one  of  which  squares  is  the  diocesan  seminary, 
also  a  large  hospital,  founded  by  Ferdinand  and  Isabella  in 
1504,  for  the  pilgrims  who  resort  to  the  city,  the  area  of 
the  square  serving  for  a  bull-ring.  Santiago  has  numerous 
other  hospitals  and  convents,  churches,  a  university,  and 
manufactures  of  hosiery,  cotton,  hats,  and  leather;  but  its 
chief  resources  are  in  its  ecclesiastical  establishments,  and 
the  resort  to  it  of  numerous  devotees,  the  roads  around  it 
being  so  bad  as  scarcely  to  admit  of  commercial  trafiic.  It 
is  the  see  of  an  archbishop,  and  the  metropolis  of  the 
knightly  order  of  Compostella.  Santiago  declined  after  the 
Reformation,  which  diminished  the  number  of  pilgrims, 
offerings,  and  legacies;  and  the  removal  of  the  captain- 
general  and  the  audieneia  to  Corunna  has  completed  the 
impoverishment. 

Santiago  de  Cotagayta,  sin-te-i'go  di  ko-ti-gh?'- 
ti,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Potosi,  on  tho 
river  Cotagayta,  an  affluent  of  the  Pilcomayo. 

Santiago  de  Cuba,  sin-te-i'go  di  koo'bd,  a  mari- 
time city  and  formerly  the  capital  of  Cuba,  now  the  second 
in  rank  and  population  in  the  island,  and  capital  of  its 
E.  division,  on  the  river  Santiago,  6  miles  from  its  mouth 
on  the  S.  coast.  Lat.  19°  55'  9"  N. ;  Ion.  75°  50'  W.  It 
is  well  built,  with  wide  streets,  and  houses  chiefly  of  stone; 
but,  being  hemmed  in  by  mountains,  it  is  unhealthy.  The 
princi  pal  bui  Idings  are  the  cathedral,  several  other  churches, 
a  college,  a  hospital,  and  numerous  convents  and  schools 
It  is  an  archbishop's  see,  and  the  residence  of  a  governor. 


SAN 


2396 


«AN 


It  is  the  torminuB  of  2  railways,  and  its  streets  are  lit  With 
fas.  Its  port,  4  miles  in  longth,  is  well  sheltered,  defended  by 
■ereral  forts,  and  deep  enough  for  ships  of  the  lino.  In 
ooiuincrciiil  importance  Santiago  ranks  iiiiuiodiately  after 
Havana  and  Matanziis.  It  has  telegraph  wires  to  the  prin- 
cipal towns  on  the  island.  Stoainers  ply  regularly  between 
Santiago  do  Cuba  and  Batabano,  touching  at  Cienfuegos, 
Trinidad,  Santa  Cruz,  and  Mancanillo.     Pop.  45,0UU. 

Santiago  de  Guatiinala.    Sec  Guatemala. 

Saiitia{;o  dc  la  Uspada,  8&n-to-&'go  d4  1&  da-pJlL'D&, 
a  town  of  ffpain,  province  and  73  miles  N.£.  of  Jacn,  in 
an  elevated  portion  of  the  Sierra  de  Segura.     Pop.  18U0. 

Santiago  de  las  Atalayas,  8&n-to-&'go  d4  l&s  &-t4- 
M'Li,  a  town  of  the  republio  of  Colombia,  department  of 
Boyaci,  70  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bogota. 

Santiago  de  las  Vegas,  s&n-to&'go  d4  l&s  v4'g&8, 
a  town  of  Cuba,  15  miles  S.  of  Havana. 

Santiago  de  la  Veja,  Jamaica.    See  Spanish  Town. 

Santiago  de  Leon  de  Caracas.    See  Caba'cas. 

Santiago  de  los  Caballeros,  8&n-te-&'go  d&  loce 
ki-Bil-yi'roce,  a  town  of  Santo  Domingo,  in  its  N.  part,  on 
the  Yaquo  River,  103  miles  E.  of  Cape  Haytien.     P.  8000. 

Santiago  dc  Ycragiia.    See  Vekagca. 

Santiam  (san'te-am')  lliver,  Oregon,  rises  in  the  Cas- 
cade Range  by  two  branches  called  the  North  and  South 
Forks.  It  runs  westward,  forms  part  of  the  boundary  be- 
tween Linn  and  Marion  cos.,  and  enters  the  Willamette 
lliver  a  few  miles  below  Albany. 

Santilla,  a  river  of  Georgia.    See  Satilla. 

Santiponce,s&n-te-p6n'th&  (ano.  Jtal'ica),  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Andalusia,  province  and  N.W.  of  Seville,  near 
the  right  bank  of  the  Guadalquivir.     Pop.  1323. 

Santipoor,  sanH^-poor',  a  town  of  Bengal,  Nuddoa 
district,  on  the  Hoogly,  60  miles  above  Calcutta.  It  is  noted 
for  its  muslins  and  indigo,  and  has  also  jute- weaving  and 
large  su^ar-rofineries.     Pop.  28,635. 

Santissima  Trinidad  de  Buenos  Ayres.  See 
BuBxos  Ayhes. 

Santisteban del  Puerto,  s&n-tees-tA,-Biln'dilpwiR'- 
to,  a  villiigo  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  32  miles  from  Jaen. 

Sant  Jan  lUolenbeek.  See  Molenbekk. 

Santo  Agostiuho.    See  Cape  Saint  Augustine. 

Santo  Amara,  s&n'to  &-m&'ri,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in 
Sao  Podro  do  Rio  Grande,  on  the  Jocuhi.     Pop.  2600. 

Santo  Amaro,  sin' to  i-mi'ro,  a  town  of  Brazil,  prov- 
ince and  45  miles  N.E.  of  Bahia,  on  the  Vazabarris,  with  a 
port  and  an  active  trade.  Santo  Amaro  is  also  the  name 
of  towns  in  the  provinces  of  Bahia  and  Rio  Grande  do  Sul. 

Santo  Antonio,  Brazil.    See  Necessidades. 

Santo  Antonio,  sin'to  4n-to'ne-o,  the  northernmost 
and  one  of  the  largest  of  the  Capo  Verd  Islands.  Lat.  (N. 
point)  17°  12'  N. ;  Ion.  25°  5'  7"  W.  It  is  of  great  height, 
its  loftiest  summit  attaining  an  elevation  of  7400  feet  above 
the  surface  of  the  sea.  Area,  240  square  miles.  Chief 
town,  Santiago.     Pop.  29,000. 

Santo  Antonio  d'Amarantho,  s&n'to  in-to'ne-o 
di-mi-rin'to,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  of  Matto-Grosso, 
near  the  river,  and  below  the  town  of  Cuyab^. 

Santo  Antonio  da  Patruiha,  sin'to  in-to'ne-o  di 
pi-trool'yi,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  of  Rio  Grande  do 
Sul,  E.N.E.  of  Porto  Alegre. 

Santo  Antonio  de  Sa,  sin'to  &n-to'ne-o  ih,  s&,  or 
RIacacu,  mi-ki-koo',  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  and  30 
miles  N.E.  of  Rio  de  J.aneiro,  on  the  Macacu.     Pop.  7000. 

Santo  Antonio  dos  Guarulhos,  sin'to  in-to'ne-o 
doce  gwi-rool'yoce,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  of  Rio  de 
Janeiro,  on  the  Parahiba,  opposite  Campos.     Pop.  6000, 

Santo  Domingo,  sin'to  do-meeng'go,  also  called 
San  Domingo,  sin  do-ming'go.  Saint  Domingo,  or 
The  Domin'ican  Republic,  a  state  of  the  West  In- 
dies, occupying  the  eastern  and  larger  part  of  the  island 
of  Hayti  (which  see),  it  being  more  than  twice  as  large  as 
the  republic  of  Hayti.  Length,  260  miles;  breadth,  165 
miles.  Area,  20,595  square  miles.  It  is  a  very  fertile 
country,  producing  tobacco,  cotton,  molasses,  cacao,  coffee, 
fruits,  fustic,  mahogany,  and  live-stock.  Much  gold  was 
formerly  obtained.  The  people  are  mostly  of  mixed  African, 
Spanish,  and  Indian  descent,  and  use  the  Spanish  language 
instead  of  the  corrupt  French  of  Hayti.  In  spite  of  the 
richest  natural  resources,  the  country  is  not  very  prosperous, 
though  utter  poverty  is  rare.  Chief  towns,  Santo  Domingo 
(the  capital),  Samana,  and  Santiago  de  los  Caballeros.  Santo 
Domingo  was  first  settled  by  Spaniards  under  Columbus,  in 
.1492,  at  a  place  called  Isabella,  and  became  an  imporUint 
Spanish  colonv.  It  formed  a  part  of  the  Haytian  republic 
from  1803  till  1806,  and  again  from  1822  till  1844,  the 
Spanish  yoke  having  been  finally  thrown  oflF  in  1821.    The 


Spanish  temporarily  oooupied  the  country  from  1863  till 
1865,  but  were  expelled  by  the  people.  In  1871  Santo  Do- 
mingo, by  a  nearly  unanimous  popular  vote,  usked  to  be 
annexed  to  the  United  States,  but  the  requu:4t  was  not 
acceded  to.     Pop.  in  1885  (offloially  estimated),  400,000. 

Santo  Domingo,  or  San  Domingo  (Pr-  !Su\nt- 
Domiugue,  8&iJ»-do^meena'),  a  city,  capital  of  the  republic 
of  Santo  Domingo,  on  the  S.  coast,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
river  Ozama,  lat.  18°  28'  N.,  Ion.  69°  55'  W.  It  is  wnlled, 
and  is  the  scat  of  a  university,  and  of  an  archbishop,  whose 
cathedral  is  the  finest  building  in  the  town.  Sunto  Do- 
mingo was  founded  in  1694  by  Bartholomew  Columbus;  and 
here  Christopher  Columbus  was  buried ;  but  whether  his 
remains  are  still  here,  or  were  removed  hence  to  Havana  in 
1795,  is  a  disputed  point.  The  town  has  some  trade  by  sea. 
Pop.  12,000. 

Santo  Domingo,  sin'to  do-ming'go,  an  islet  on  the 
Great  Bahama  Bank,  90  miles  N.E.  of  Los  Nucvitas. 

Santo  Domingo,  a  town  of  the  United  States  of 
Colombia,  in  Cundinamarca,  60  miles  E.  of  Antioquia. 

Santo  Domingo  Coban,  Guatemala.    See  Coban. 

Santo  Domingo  Sinacantan,  sin'to  do-ming'go 
se-ni-kin-tin',  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Chiapa,  on  the 
borders  of  Tabasco.     Pop.  2500. 

Sant  Oedcnrode,  sint  oM;n-ro'd$h,  a  village  of  the 
Netherlands,  province  of  North  Brabant,  on  the  Dommcl, 
11  miles  S.E.  of  Bois-le-Duc.     Pop.  4462. 

Santomcra,  sin-to-mi'ri,  a  village  of  Spain,  prov* 
ince  and  8  miles  N.E.  of  Murcia.     Pop.  3078. 

Santofta,  sin-tun'yi,  a  fortified  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  16  miles  E.  of  Santander,  on  a  peninsular  head- 
land in  the  Bay  of  Biscay.  Pop.  934.  It  has  an  arsenal, 
barracks,  military  magazines,  anchor-forges,  and  a  port 
adapted  for  ships  of  the  line. 

Sant'  Oreste,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Oheste. 

Santorini,  sin-to-ree'nee,  Santorin,  sin-to-reen', 
Thera,  thi'ri,  or  Calliste,  kil-lees'ti,  an  island  of  the 
Grecian  Archipelago,  13  miles  S.  of  the  island  of  Nio. 
Length,  10  miles.  Area,  41  square  miles.  Pop.  12,000. 
The  surface  is  arid,  but  by  industry  it  is  rendered  productive 
in  barley,  cotton,  wine,  and  figs ;  wine  is  the  staple  product. 
The  soil  is  mostly  volcanic,  and  in  1866-70  a  new  volcano 
poured  out  great  volumes  of  lava.     Capital,  Thera. 

Santos,  sin'toce,  a  maritime  town  of  13razil,  province 
and  34  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Sao  Paulo,  of  which  it  is  the 
port,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  island  of  Engua-Gua^u.  Lat. 
23°  56'  S. ;  Ion,  46°  19'  W,  Its  harbor  admits  large  ves- 
sels, and  it  has  an  active  export  trade,  chiefly  in  cofiee.  It 
has  5  churches,  2  banks,  a  prison,  an  arsenal,  potteries, 
lime-kilns,  tan-yards,  street-railways,  gas-works,  and  a 
water-supply.     Pop.  9871. 

Santos,  Los,  loce  sin'toce,  a  town  of  the  United  States 
of  Colombia,  on  the  Gulf  of  Parita,  S.S.E.  of  Parita. 

Santo  Stefano,  sin'to  stdf'i-no,  or  San  Stefano, 
sin  st5f'i-no,  a  town  of  Austria,  on  the  Adriatic,  6  miles 
S.E.  of  Budua. 

Santo  Stefano,  sin'to  stdf'i-no,  or  San  Stefano, 
sin  stfif'i-no  ("Saint  Stephen"),  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  14  miles  W,  of  Sant'  Angelo  dci  Lombardi. 

Santo  Stefano,  or  San  Stefano,  a  town  of  Italy,  9 
miles  S.W.  of  Frosinono.     Pop.  1088. 

Santo  Stefano,  an  islet  off  the  N,  coast  of  Sardinia. 

Santo  (or  San)  Stefano  Bclbo,  sin'to  (or  sin)  stSf- 
i-no  bfil'bo,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  13  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Alba.     Pop.  2875. 

Santo  (or  San)  Stefano  di  Magra,  sin'to  (or  sin) 
st6f'i-no  dee  mi'gri,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Genoa, 
16  miles  E.  of  Levanto,  on  the  Magra.     Pop,  1855. 

Santo  (or  San)  Stefano  Roero,  sin'to  (or  sin)  stif- 
i-no  ro-i'ro,  a  village  of  Italy,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Alba, 

Santo  Stephano  di  Camastra,  sin'to  st4f'i-no  de 
ki-mis'tri,  a  town  of  Sicily,  on  the  N,  coast,  province  of 
Messina,  4  miles  N,W,  of  Mistretta.     Pop.  4436. 

Santo  Stephano  Quisquiua,  kwees-kwee'ni,  a 
town  of  Sicily,  4  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Bivona.     Pop.  5593, 

Santo  Tomas,  sin'to  to-mis',  a  seaport  of  Guatemala, 
on  the  Bay  of  Honduras,  110  miles  N.N.E.  of  Guatemala. 

SanHuck',  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
Spartanburg  &  Union  Railroad,  56  miles  N.N.W.  of  Co- 
lumbia. It  has  3  stores  and  a  steam  saw-  and  grist-mill. 
Pop.  of  Santuck  township,  1879, 

San  Valentino,  sin  vi-lSn-tee'no,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  N,W.  of  Salerno.     Pop.  3134. 

San  Veromilis,  sin  vi-ro-mee'lis,  a  village  of  the 
island  of  Sardinia,  7  miles  N.  of  Oristano.     Pop.  2097, 

Sanvic,  86soVeek',  a  village  of  France,  Seine-Infcrieure, 
forming  a  northern  suburb  of  Havre,     Pop.  3456 


SAN 


2397 


SAO 


San  Vicente,  sin  ve-s5n'ti  ("  Saint  Vincent"),  a  town 
of  Spain,  province  and  33  miles  N.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  6292. 

San  Vicente,  sAn  ve-s§n'td,  a  town  of  San  Salvador, 
25  miles  E.S.E.  of  the  city  of  San  Salvador.  Pop.  8000. 
Around  it  are  indigo-  and  tobacco-plantations,  and  near  it 
is  the  volcano  of  San  Vicente,  an  enormous  mass  of  irregular 
■hape,  with  numerous  projecting  eminences  and  chasms. 

San  Vicente,  sin  ve-s5n'ti,  a  station  in  Los  Angeles 
CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  Los  Angeles  <fc  Independence  Railroad,  13 
miles  W.  of  Los  Angeles. 

San  Vicente  de  la  Barquera,  sin  ve-s8n'ti  Ak  13, 
baR-k;V'ri,  a  seaport  of  Spain,  province  and  28  miles  AV.  of 
Santander.  The  harbor  is  secure,  and  can  itdmit  vessels  of 
consider.able  burden.     Pop.  818. 

San  Vicente  del  Raspeig,  sin  ve-th5n'ti  dfil  ris- 
pi-eeg',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  4  miles  from  Ali- 
cante.    Pop.  1289. 

San  Vito,  sin  vee'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  20  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Udine.     Pop.  2814. 

San  Vito,  a  market-town  of  Italy,  province  of  Chieti, 
on  a  hill,  near  the  Adriatic,  5  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ortona.  Pop. 
of  commune,  4089. 

San  Vito,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Calabria,  7  miles  S.W.  of 
Sc[uillace. 

San  Vito,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  15  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Catanzaro.     Pop.  3032. 

San  Vito,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  and  17  miles  N.E. 
of  Trapani,  near  the  cape  of  its  own  name.  It  has  an  an- 
chorage for  small  vessels  and  a  fishery. 

San  Vito  degli  Schiavi,sin  vee'to  dil'ye  ske-i'vee, 
a  market-town  of  Italy,  province  of  Lecce,  15  miles  W.  of 
Brindisi,  It  was  founded  by  a  Slavonian  colony  (whence 
its  name).     Pop.  of  commune,  1605. 

San  Vito  dei  Normanni,  sin  vee'to  di'e  nor-min'- 
nee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Lecce,  12  miles  from  Brin- 
disi.    Pop.  6328. 

San  Vittore,  sin  vit-to'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Caserta,  district  of  Sora.     Pop.  1807. 

San  Xavier,  island.    See  Saint  Xavier. 

San  Xavier  (or  Javier),  san  ziv'e-^r  (Sp.  pron.  sin 
Hi-ve-aift'),  a  river  of  California,  tributary  to  the  Colorado. 

San  Xavier  (or  Javier),  sin  Hi-ve-aiu',  a  hamlet  of 
the  Argentine  Republic,  department  and  90  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Santa  F6. 

San  Xavier  (or  Javier),  a  village  of  Bolivia,  province 
and  130  miles  N.N.E.  of  Santa  Cruz,  on  an  aiBuent  of  the 
Mamore. 

San  Xavier  (or  Javier)  del  Bac,  sin  Hi-ve-ain'  dil 
bik,  a  village  of  Pima  co.,  Arizona,  10  miles  S.  of  Tucson. 
Its  people  are  Papago  Indians. 

San  Ygnacio,  sin  eeg-ni'se-o,  a  post-office  of  Zapata 
CO.,  Tex. 

San  Ysldro,  sin  e-see'dro,  a  post-hamlet  of  Santa  Ana 
CO.,  New  Mexico,  56  miles  W.  of  Santa  F6.  It  has  a  church 
and  nearly  20  houses. 

Sanza,  sin'zi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Salerno, 
13  miles  N.  of  Policastro.     Pop.  3129. 

Sao  Bento,  sown»  bSn'to,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province 
of  Alagoas,  district  of  Porto  Calvo.     Pop.  3000. 

Sfto  Bernardo,  sown<»  bSR-naK'do,  a  city  of  Brazil, 
province  of  CearS.,  on  the  Russas,  70  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ceard. 
Pop.  6000. 

Sfto  ChristovSo,  8owN»krees-to-vSwN"',  or  Sergipe, 
eSii-zhee'pi,  a  city  of  Brazil,  province  of  Sergipe,  on  the 
Paromapama,  20  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Atlantic. 

Silo  Felipe  de  Benguela.    See  Benguela. 

Ssio  Feliz  (or  Felis),  sown"  fi-lees',  a  town  of  Brazil, 
province  and  280  miles  N.N.E.  of  Goyaz,  on  a  small  aurife- 
rous river  of  the  same  name,  a  tributary  of  the  Maranhao. 

Sfto  Francisco,  sown"  frin-sees'ko,  or  Saint  Fran« 
cis'co,  often  called  San  Francisco,  a  large  and  im- 
portant river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the  province  of  Minas- 
Geraes,  lat.  20°  S.,  Ion.  45°  W.,  flows  N.,  N.E.,  and  E., 
separating  the  provinces  of  Bahia  and  Pernambuco,  and 
enters  the  Atlantic  by  two  mouths,  in  lat.  10°  24'  S.,  Ion. 
36°  20'  W.  Length,  1200  miles.  Its  navigation  is  im- 
peded by  the  falls  of  Paulo  AfTonzo,  a  series  of  magnificent 
cataracts,  160  miles  from  its  mouth ;  but  above  this  it  is 
navigable  to  the  influx  of  the  Rio  das  Velhas,  900  miles. 

Sdo  Francisco,  a  small  river  of  Brazil,  in  the  prov- 
ince of  Santa  Catharina,  which  enters  the  Atlantic  opposite 
the  island  of  Sao  Francisco.     Length,  100  miles. 

Sfto  Francisco,  an  island  of  Brazil,  in  the  Atlantic, 
•epiirated  from  the  province  of  Santa  Catharina  by  a  nar- 
row channel.  Length,  20  miles.  Its  capital,  of  the  same 
name,  is  in  lat.  26°  12'  S.,  Ion.  48°  43'  W. 

S&o  Francisco,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  and  45 


miles  N.W.  of  Bahia,  at  the  N.W.  extremity  of  All-Saint» 
Bay,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Scrigi. 

Sfto  Francisco  de  Paula,  Brazil.    See  Pei-otas. 

Sfto  Gon^alo,  sown"  g6n-si'lo,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in 
Rio  Grande  do  Norte,  on  the  Potengi,  12  miles  \V.  of  Natal. 

Sfto  Gon^aio,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  and  75  miles 
N.E.  of  Rio  de  Janeiro. 

Sfto  Gon^alo  d'Amarante,  sSwn"  gon-si'lo  di-mi- 
rin'ti,  town  of  Brazil,  in  Piauhy,  56  miles  N.N.W.  of  Oeiras, 

Sfto  Jofto  (or  Joam),  s6wk«  zho-6wN»',  a  town  of  Por- 
tugal, 1  mile  W.  of  Oporto.  It  has  a  fort  and  baths,  and  ia 
a  place  of  resort  for  the  inhabitants  of  Oporto. 

Sfto  Jofto  (or  Joam)  da  Barra,  sown"  zho-6wN»'  di 
ban'Ri,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  of  Rio  do  Janeiro,  18 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Campos,  on  the  Parahiba,  near  the  Atlantic. 

Sfto  Jofto  (or  Joam)  da  Foz,  s6wn»  zho-owN"'  di 
foz,  a  town  and  parish  of  Portugal,  3  miles  W.  of  Oporto, 
on  the  N.  side  of  the  mouth  of  the  Douro.     Pop.  3450. 

Sfto  Jofto  (or  Joam)  da  Palma,  sown»  zho-6wN»'  d\ 
pil'mi,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  and  400  miles  N.  of 
Goyaz,  between  the  Palma  and  Parannan. 

Sfto  Jofto  (or  Joam)  d'Areas,  sown"  zho-6wN<»'  di- 
ri'is,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Beira,  20  miles  from 
Viscu.     Pop.  2004. 

Sfto  Jofto  (or  Joam)  das  Duas  Barras,  s6wn» 
zho-6wNo'  dis  doo'is  ban'Ris,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  Goyaz,  at 
the  confluence  of  the  Araguay  and  Tocantins. 

Sfto  Jofto  (or  Joam)  das  Iiampas,sowN<>7.ho-owNa' 
dis  lim'pis,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Estremadura,  near 
Alemqucr.     Pop.  2700. 

Sfto  Jofto  (or  Joam)  del  Rei,  s5wn"  zho-owN"'  d8l 
ri'e,  a  city  of  Brazil,  province  of  Minas-Geraes,  80  miles 
S.W.  of  Ouro  Preto.     Pop.  5000. 

Sfto  Jofto  (or  Joam)  de  Pesqueira,  sown"  zho- 
6wN"'  di  pds-ki'e-ri,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  22  milea 
E.  of  Lamego,  on  the  Douro.     Pop.  2688. 

Sfto  Jofto  (or  Joam)  do  Principe,  sown"  zho-5wN"' 
do  preen'se-pi,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  of  Ceard,  on  the 
Jaguaribe.     Lat.  6°  5'  S. 

Sfto  Jofto  (or  Joam)  do  Principe,  sown"  zho-owN-»' 
do  preen'se-pi,  or  Marcos,  mau'koce,  a  town  of  Brazil, 
province  and  60  miles  W.N.W.  of  Rio  de  Janeiro.  P.  6000. 

Sfto  Jorge,  SOWN"  zhoR'zhi,  or  Saint  George,  one 
of  the  Azores  Islands,  in  the  Atlantic,  W.  of  Terceira.  Lat. 
of  S.E.  point,  38°  32'  5"  N. ;  Ion.  27°  46'  W.  Length,  29 
miles;  breadth,  5  miles.  Soil  fertile,  and  it  contains  good 
pastures  and  extensive  woods.  Principal  town,  Villa  das 
Velhas.     Pop.  18,000. 

Sfto  Jorge  dos  Alamos,  BraziL    See  Vigia. 

Sfto  Jorge  dos  Ilheos,  s6wn"  zhon'zhi  doce  eel-yi'- 
oce,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  and  130  miles  S.W.  of  Bahia, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Rio  dos  Ilheos  in  the  Atlantic.  It  has 
a  good  harbor,  and  is  one  of  the  oldest  settlements  in  Bra- 
zil, having  been  founded  in  1535,     Pop.  3000. 

Sfto  Jos6  (or  Joz6),  sown"  zho-za',  a  bay  of  Brazil,  E. 
side  of  the  island  of  Maranhao,  formed  by  the  mouths  of 
the  Moni  and  Itapicuru.     It  is  about  24  miles  long. 

Sfto  Jose  (or  Joz6),  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  Minas- 
Geraes,  near  the  Rio  das  Mortes,  260  miles  S.W,  of  Ouro 
Preto. 

Sfto  Jos6  (or  Joze),  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  of 
Santa  Catharina,  on  a  creek  in  the  Bay  of  Santa  Catharina, 
4  miles  W,  of  Desterro. 

Sfto  Jos6  (or  Joz§),  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  and 
60  miles  N.E.  of  Sao  Paulo,  near  the  Parahiba.  Lat.  23° 
12'  S. ;  Ion.  46°  W.  It  was  originally  founded  by  the  Jes- 
uits, who  established  a  college  here,  in  which  they  educated 
a  great  number  of  Indians.     Pop.  of  the  district,  4000, 

Sfto  Jos6  (or  Joz6)  do  Norte,  sown"  zho-zi'  do 
noR'ti,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  and  5  miles  N.  of  Rio 
Grande  do  Sul,  between  the  Atlantic  and  Lago  de  los  Patos. 
Pop.  of  the  district,  3000, 

Sfto  Leopoldo,  sSwn"  li-o-poi'do,  a  town  of  Brazil, 
province  of  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  between  the  Sino  and 
Cahi,  30  miles  N.  of  Porto  Alegre.  It  was  founded  in 
1824  by  a  colony  of  Germans  under  the  patronage  of  the 
Empress  Leopoldina.     Pop.  of  the  district,  15,531. 

Sfto  Louren^o  do  Bairro,  s6wn»  la-rdn'so  do  bln'- 
Ro,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Douro,  18  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Aveiro.     Pop.  1702, 

Sfto  liUiz,  Brazil,    See  Maranhao. 

Sfto  Mamede,  sSwn"  mi-mi'di,  a  town  of  Portugal, 
in  Tras-os-Montes,  on  the  Douro,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Lamego^ 

Sfto  Martinho,  or  Sfto  Martinho  do  Porto,  s(5wn« 
maR-teen'yo  do  poR'to,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Estremadura, 
on  the  Atlantic,  8  miles  S.W,  of  Alcobaja,     Pop.  1234. 

Sfto  Martinho  de  Mouros,  sCwn°  maR-teen'yo  d4 


SAO 


2398 


SAP 


na'rooA,  or  Sfto  Martinho  dos  Monros,  s5w.n<>  tnnn- 
toon'yo  dooomft'rooe,  a  town  of  Portugiil,  province  of  ISuira, 
6  luiles  N.W.  of  Lamego,  noar  the  Douro.     Pop.  I9U:{. 

Sflo  Matheos.  dtliwM*  tn&-t&'oae  ("Saint  Mntthow"), 
somotimos  written  Alathens,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province 
of  Espirito  Santo,  16  milos  from  the  Atlantic.  It  has  a 
ohuron,  a  Latin  and  2  primary  schools,  and  a  considerable 
export  trade  in  manioo  flour,  sugar,  and  millet. 

Sfio  Alatheos,  a  town  of  Bratil,  province  and  100 
nillos  S.S.W.  of  Ceard,  on  the  Jaguaribo. 

SAoMiguel«sOwx*me-ghdr  ("Saint  Miohael")>  a  town 
of  Brazil,  province  of  Santa  Catharina,  in  a  bay  of  the  same 
name,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Desterro.  It  has  a  ohurob,  a  pri- 
mary school,  numerous  sugar-works,  a  pottery  for  making 
glazed  earthenware,  and  a  tannery. 

Sflo  Miguel,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  and  25  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Alagoas,  on  a  river  of  its  own  name. 

Sfto  IHiguel,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  and  35  miles 
F.  of  Parahiba. 

Sflo  Miguel,  one  of  the  Azores.    See  Saint  Michaei,. 

Sflo  Miguel  d'Acha,  sOwn<>  me-ghdl'  d&'sh&,  a  town 
of  Portugal,  in  Buira,  9  miles  E.  of  Costcllo  Branco. 

Sfto  Miguel  das  Areas,  Brazil.    See  Arrar. 

Sflo  Miguel  de  Piracicaba,  s5wn"  mo-ghfll'  d4  po- 
r&-se-k&'b&,  a  village  of  Brazil,  province  of  Minas-Geracs, 
E.S.E.  of  Cahete.  It  is  built  in  the  form  of  an  amphi- 
theatre, and  presents  a  very  pleasing  appearance,  the  houses 
being  provided  with  gardens.     It  has  4  churches. 

Saona,  8&-o'n&,  an  island  off  the  S.E.  extremity  of 
Ilayti,  and  separated  from  it  by  a  shallow  channel,  10  miles 
across.     Length,  15  miles;  breadth,  5  miles. 

Sa6ne,  son  (ano.  A'rar),  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  the 
6.  part  of  the  department  of  Vosges,  passes  Port-sur-Saflnc 
and  Gray,  and  enters  the  Rhone  on  the  right  at  Lyons. 
Length,  316  miles.  It  communicates  by  oanals  with  the 
Ehine,  Yonne,  and  Loire. 

Sa6neoet-Loire,  8un-ii,-IwaR,  a  department  in  the 
E.  pnrt  of  France,  formed  of  part  of  the  old  province  of 
Burgundy.  Area,  3270  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1881,  625,589. 
It  is  tmversed  from  S.  to  N.  by  the  mountains  of  the  COte- 
d'Or,  which  separate  the  basins  of  the  Sa6no  and  Rhone, 
and  >s  watered  by  the  SaOne,  Loire,  and  Arroux,  all  navi- 
gable, and  connected  by  the  Canal  du  Centre.  One-fifth 
of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  Corn  is  raised,  and  the  wines 
of  Mioonnois  and  of  Ch^lonnois  are  esteemed.  It  has  rich 
mines  of  coal  and  iron.  The  most  important  are  those  of 
Le  Creuzot;  and  the  mineral  springs  of  Bourbon-Lancy 
are  celebrated.  The  chief  industry  of  the  population  is  in 
mining  and  cattle-rearing.  The  department  is  divided 
into  the  arrondissements  of  M&con,  Autun,  Ch^on,  Cha- 
rollcs,  and  Louhans.     Capital,  Micon. 

Sfio  Nicolao.     See  Saixt  Nicholas. 

Sflo  IVicolao,  s6wx»  ne-ko-li'o,  a  village  of  Brazil, 
province  of  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  on  the  Pirntiny. 

Sflo  Paulo,  SOWN"  pow'lo,  a  city  of  Brazil,  capital  of 
a  province  of  the  same  name,  between  two  tributaries  to  the 
Tietc,  220  miles  W.S.W.  of  Rio  Janeiro,  and  40  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Santos.  It  is  built  with  little  regard  to  regu- 
larity. The  streets  are  narrow,  but  have  both  centre  and 
side  pavements,  and  the  houses  are  of  earth,  plastered  over, 
and  of  clean,  comfortable,  and  cheerful  appearance.  They  are 
all  roofed  with  tile,  and  for  the  most  part  two  stories  high, 
with  occasional  balconies.  The  environs  are  still  more  at- 
tractive than  the  town,  being  generally  laid  out  in  hand- 
some villas  and  gardens.  The  principal  edifices  are  the 
cathedral  and  other  churches,  monasteries  and  convents,  the 
governor'a  and  the  bishop's  palace,  town  house,  prison,  in- 
firmary, and  military  hospital.  The  educational  establish- 
ments include  a  school  of  law,  an  ecclesiastical  seminary,  a 
Latin  school,  a  school  of  philosophy,  and  several  primary 
schools.  Sao  Paulo,  as  the  capital  of  the  province,  is  the 
seat  of  several  important  courts,  the  place  where  the  pro- 
rincial  assembly  holds  its  sittings,  the  residence  of  the  presi- 
dent, and  the  see  of  a  bishop.  It  also  possesses  a  public 
library  and  an  extensive  botanic  garden.  Its  vicinity  is 
picturesque  and  interspersed  with  numerous  villas.  It  is 
one  of  the  oldest  cities  in  Brazil,  having  been  founded  in 
1554.     Pop.  25,000. 

Sflo  Paulo,  a  state  of  Brazil,  bounded  on  the  N.  and 
N.E.  by  Minas-Oeraes  and  Rio  de  Janeiro,  E.  by  the  Atlan- 
tic, S.  by  Parand,  and  W.  by  Matto-Grosso.  Lat.  20°  to 
26°  S.;  Ion.  44°  30'  to  55°  W.  Area,  112,330  square 
miles.  The  coast-line  stretches  from  N.E.  to  S.W.  for  above 
400  miles.  Part  of  it  in  the  N.E.  is  bold  and  rocky,  but 
the  rest  is  generally  low.  A  mountain-chain,  composed  of 
the  serras  do  Mar  and  Cubatao.  divides  the  narrow  coast- 
line from  the  wide  inlana   region  traversed  by  the  Rio 


Grande  and  Igun; u,  besides  several  other  tributaries  of  the 
I'aranil,  which  form  respectively  its  N.  and  S.  boundaries. 
The  Igunpe  is  the  only  river  of  oonsequcnoe  flowing  into 
the  Atlantic.  This  is  one  of  the  richest  provinces  of  Bra- 
zil. The  products  common  to  South  Europe  are  intermixed 
with  those  of  tropical  climates.  Live-tftock  of  many  kinds 
are  numerous;  gold,  silver,  iron,  sulphur,  and  gcius  are 
among  the  mineral  products.  The  province  is  well  8U]>- 
plied  with  means  of  communication  both  by  land  and  by 
water.     Chief  towns,  SJto  Paulo  (the  capital)  and  Hantof. 

Sfto  Paulo  de  Loanda.  See  Saint  Paul  db  Loanoa. 

Sfto  Pedro,  a  town  of  India.    See  San  Pkduo. 

Sflo  Pedro  d'Aluantara,  s5w.v>  )>&'dro  dAI-k&n'- 
t&-r&,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  of  Goyaz,  on  the  Tocantins, 
80  miles  S.S.E.  of  SSo  .loilo  das  I>uas  Barras. 

Sflo  Pedro  do  Uio  Grande,  or  Sflo  Pedro  do 
Sul.     See  Rio  Giiandk  no  Sul. 

Saorgio,  si-on'jo,  a  town  of  France,  in  Alpes-Mari- 
times,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Nice. 

Sflo  Romflo,  SOWN"  ro-mowN"',  a  town  of  Brazil,  prov- 
ince of  Minjis-Oeraes,  on  the  Sao  Francisco.  Lat.  15°  22' 
S.     Pop.  3000. 

Sfto  Roque,  bSwno  ro'k&,  a  town  of  Braril,  prorinna 
and  32  miles  W.S.W.  of  Sao  Paulo.     Pop.  4000. 

Sflo  Koque,  Cape.    See  Cape  Saint  Roque. 

Sflo  Salvador,  a  city  of  Brazil.     See  Bahia. 

Sflo  Sebastiflo,  83wn»  si-bis-te-ows°',  a  maritime 
town  of  Brazil,  province  of  Sao  Paulo,  opposite  an  island  of 
the  same  name,  in  lat.  23°  48'  20"  S.  Pop.  of  the  district, 
6000.  The  island  is  separated  from  a  peninsula  of  the 
mainland  by  a  narrow  channel.  It  is  12  miles  long  and  5 
milos  broad.     Pop.  3000.     See  also  Fokt  Saint  Skbastian. 

Saouk,  sl-ook',  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  Livonia, 
flows  S.S.W.,  and,  forming  a  junction  with  the  Pomau, 
falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Livonia.     Length,  45  miles. 

Saoune,  simoon',  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  the  S.  part  of 
the  department  of  Lot,  flows  S.W.,  and  joins  the  Garonne 
on  the  right,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Agen,  after  a  course  of  about 
45  miles. 

Sflo  Vicente,  Cape  Verd  Islands.    See  Saint  Vincent. 

Sflo  Vicente,  sown"  ve-sdn'tA  ("Saint  Vincent"),  a 
town  of  Brazil,  province  of  Sao  Paulo,  on  the  sea,  5  miles 
E.  by  S.  of  Santos.  This  was  the  first  city  founded  by  the 
Portuguese  in  America,  and  was  long  the  capital  of  South 
Brazil.  Its  port  is  obstructed  by  sand.  It  is  a  sea-bathing 
place.     Pop.  800. 

Saowlee,  si-ow'lee,  a  town  of  India,  dominions  and.  IS 
miles  N.  of  Baroda.     Pop.  6952. 

Sapa  do  Kibeirflo,  a  town  of  Brazil.     Sec  Ribeiuao. 

Sapan  Tagh,  s5.-pin'  t&g,  a  mountain  of  Asiatic  Tur- 
key, 40  miles  N.W.  of  Van,  on  the  N.  side  of  its  lake. 
Estimated  elevation,  from  9500  to  10,000  feet. 

Saparooa,  Saparoua,  siL-pil-roo'&,  or  Honimoa, 
ho-ne-mo'i,  an  isl.and  of  the  Moluccas,  ofl'  the  S.W.  coast  of 
Ccram,  in  lat.  3°  30'  S.,  Ion.  128°  34'  E. 

Sapata,  or  Poolo  Sapata,  poo'lo  s^-p&'td,,  an  island 
of  the  China  Sea,  135  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Cape  St.  James 
(Cochin  China),  in  lat.  10°  4'  N.,  Ion.  109°  10'  E. 

Sapata,  an  island  ofl"  the  AV.  coast  of  Borneo. 

Sapello,  s5,-p51'lo,  a  post-office  of  San  Miguel  co..  New 
Mexico. 

Sape'lo  Isiand,  on  the  coast  of  Georgia,  forms  a  part 
of  Mcintosh  CO.  It  is  about  12  miles  long  by  from  4  to  6  in 
breadth.  It  lies  between  Sapelo  Sound  on  the  N.  and  Doboy 
Sound  on  the  S.  Lat.  of  light-house  on  Doboy  Sound,  about 
31°  33'  N. 

Saphar,  or  Saphar-Regia.    See  DnoFAU. 

Sapliet,  a  town  of  Palestine.     See  Saped. 

Sapienza,  si-pe-^n'zi,  one  of  the  Greek  islands,  off 
the  S.W.  coast  of  the  Morea,  2  miles  S.  of  Modon. 

Sapis,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Savio. 

Sapo  do  Ribeirflo,  Brazil.    See  Ribeirao. 

Sapouara,  s3,-po-ni'ri,  a  town  of  Italj',  province  of 
Basilicata,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Marsico  Nuovo.     Pop.  3400. 

Sapozhok,  or  Sapojok,  si-po-zhok',  written  also 
Saposchok,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  50  miles 
S.E.  of  Riazan.     Pop.  2817. 

Sap'pa  Creek  rises  in  the  W.  part  of  Kansas,  and  runs 
nearly  northeastward  through  extensive  treeless  plains.  It 
crosses  the  N.  bound.ary  of  K.ansas,  and  enters  the  Repub- 
lican River  in  the  S.  part  of  Nebraska.  Its  length  is  esti- 
mated at  200  miles. 

Sappah  River,  Wisconsin.    See  Black  River. 

Sappemeer,  sip^p§h-maiR',  or  Sapmer,  sJp'maiR', 
a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  11  miles  E.S.E.  of  Groningen, 
on  the  Winschoten  Canal.     Pop.  of  commune,  3915. 

Sapphara,  a  city  of  Yemen.     See  Dhofar. 


SAP 


2399 


SAR 


Sap'pington,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Louis  oo.,  Mo.,  12 
miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Sap'poro,  or  Satsuparo^  a  town  of  Japan,  capital 
of  the  island  of  Yezo.  Lat.  43°  3'  56"  N. ;  Ion.  144°  42' 
49"  E.  It  is  on  a  railway,  and  is  the  seat  of  an  agrioultural 
college. 

Saptagram,  Bengal.    See  Satgoong. 

Saptin  Indians.    See  Nez  Perce. 

Saptin  River,  Oregon.    See  Snake  River. 

Sapucahi,  si-poo-ki-ee',  a  river  of  Brazil,  in  the  S. 
part  of  the  province  of  Minas-Geraes,  flows  N.W.,  and 
joins  the  Parand,  after  a  course  of  200  miles. 

Sapucahi,atown  of  Brazil,  on  theSapucahi  River,  180 
miles  S.W.  of  Ouro  Preto.     Pop.  3000. 

Saqqara,  a  village  of  Egypt.    See  Sakkara. 

Saquarema,  si-kwa,-ri'ma,  or  Sequarema, si-kwi- 
ri'mi,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  and  29  miles  E.  of  Rio 
de  Janeiro,  near  the  Atlantic,  and  on  Lake  Saquarema. 

Sarabat,  si-ri-bit',  Kedoos,  Kedous,  Kedus, 
ke-doos',  written  also  Kodos  and  Geduz  (anc.  Her'mus), 
a  river  of  Asia  Minor,  after  a  W,  course  of  180  miles,  en- 
ters the  Gulf  of  Smyrna  by  several  mouths,  8  miles  W.  of 
the  city  of  Smyrna. 

Sara  Uayou,  si'ra  bi'oo,  Louisiana,  a  small  stream 
which  runs  southward  through  West  Feliciana  parish  and 
enters  the  Mississippi  River  at  the  village  of  Bayou  Sara. 

Sarabita,  si-ri-Bce'ti,  or  Suarez,  swl-rfis',  a  river 
of  the  United  States  of  Colombia,  rises  near  the  centre  of 
the  country,  flows  N.N.E.  nearly  parallel  to  the  Magdalena, 
and,  after  a  course  of  about  160  miles,  joins  theQalinazo,  or 
Sogamoso,  an  affluent  of  the  Magdalena. 

Saraccna,  si-rA-chi'ni  (anc.  Ses'tum),  a  town  of  Italy, 
in  Calabria,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Cassano.     Pop.  3827. 

Sarafshan,  a  province  of  Russia.    See  Zerafshan. 

Saragossa,  s4-ri-gos's4  (Sp.  Zaragoza,  th3,-r4-go'thJ.; 
Fr.  Saragoase,  s3.'ri'goss' ;  anc.  Cxearaugua'ta),  a  city  of 
Spain,  capital  of  the  province  of  Saragossa,  and  of  Aragon, 
on  the  Ebro,  which  separates  it  into  two  portions,  176  miles 
N.E.  of  Madrid.  Pop.  84,575.  It  is  neatly  built  of  brick, 
and  previous  to  1808-9  its  churches  were  the  most  magnifi- 
cent in  the  peninsula.  Among  the  principal  edifices  are 
the  2  cathedrals,  the  chapter  residing  in  each  alternately 
for  six  months, — the  one  an  ancient  severe  Gothic  church, 
raised  to  the  Saviour,  and  the  other  a  modern  temple,  called 
Nuestra  SeSora  del  JPilar ;  the  vast  archiepiscopal  palace, 
which  was  plundered  by  the  French ;  the  remains  of 
the  parliament  house,  built  in  1437-40,  whose  magnificent 
saloons  contained  the  rich  national  archives,  an  excellent 
library,  and  the  portraits  of  the  Aragonese  worthies, — all 
utterly  destroyed  by  the  invaders ;  the  exchange,  built  in 
1551,  a  square  brick  edifice  with  projecting  enriched  sofiit 
towers,  covered  with  green  and  white  tiles,  and  having  a  noble 
interior ;  the  Torre  Nueva.,  or  Tower  of  San  Felipe,  an  oc- 
tangular clock-tower  for  the  city,  which  leans  considerably 
(about  9  feet)  out  of  the  perpendicular ;  the  old  irregular 
citadel  called  the  Aljaferia,  built  by  the  Moors,  which 
Suchet  converted  into  a  barrack,  after  having  damaged  it 
with  his  bombs.  There  are,  besides,  a  hospital  (Casa  de  Mi- 
sericordia),  which  takes  in  from  600  to  700,  old  and  yonng; 
a  general  hospital,  one  of  the  largest  in  Spain  ;  various 
other  benevolent  institutions,  and  numerous  churches, 
among  which  one  of  the  best  is  that  of  San  Pablo,  with  its 
fine  fajade  and  columns  and  grand  picturesque  high  altar. 
The  University  of  Saragossa,  founded  in  1474,  ranks  as  the 
third  in  the  kingdom.  Among  its  other  educational  estab- 
lishments are  an  episcopal  seminary,  an  academy  of  the  fine 
arts,  and  a  public  library.  Its  manufactures  of  silks, 
woollens,  and  leather  have  greatly  declined  ;  l^ut  it  has  still 
a  considerable  trade  in  agricultural  produce  by  the  Ebro, 
as  well  as  by  canal  and  by  the  railways. 

Saragossa  is  very  ancient,  and  numerous  vestiges  of  Ro- 
man remains  attest  its  former  importance.  Saragossa  early 
renounced  Paganism.  It  was  captured  by  the  Moors  in  the 
eighth  century,  and  was  wrested  from  them  in  1118  after 
a  siege  of  five  years,  when  the  stubborn  population  had 
almost  all  perished  of  hunger.  Below  the  hill  of  Torero, 
General  Stanhope,  on  the  20th  of  August,  1710,  defeated 
Philip  v.,  flying  from  his  defeat  at  Lerida.  In  1808  it 
sustained  two  memorable  sieges.  The  first  was  raised  by 
the  defeat  of  the  French  at  Bailen  ;  but,  being  again  in- 
vested, it  resisted  most  heroically  for  62  days,  but  ultimately 
capitulated,  February  20,  1809.     This  defence  is  reckoned 

among  the  most  heroic  of  modern  times. Adj.  and  in- 

hab.  Saragos'san  (Sp.  Zaragozano,  thi-r3,-go-thi'no). 

Saragossa  (Sp.  Zaragoza),  a  province  of  Spain,  in 
Aragon,  bounded  on  the  N.  and  W.  by  Navarre.  Area, 
6607  square  miles.     Capital,  Saragossa.     Pop.  401,894. 


Sarah,  Blair  co..  Pa.     See  Claysburo. 

Sarah  Fur'nace,  a  station  of  the  Alleghany  Valley 
Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Brady's  Bend,  Pa. 

Sa'rahsville,  a  hamlet  of  Williamson  co..  111.,  about 
24  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Carbondale. 

Sarahsville,  a  post-village  in  Centre  township,  Noble 
CO.,  0.,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Marietta.  It  is  on  Wills 
Creek,  near  its  source.  Coal  is  found  near  this  place.  It 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  256. 

Saraisk,  or  Zaraisk,zi-risk',  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment and  35  miles  W.N.W.  of  Riazan,  on  the  Oeter. 
Pop.  6037. 

Sarakino,  s3,-r5.-kee'no,  or  Peristeria,  p^-ris-ti- 
ree'4,  an  islet  of  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  in  the  Sporades, 
immediately  E.  of  Kilidromi,  6  miles  long. 

Saramaca,  s5.-r4-m4'k4,  a  river  of  Dutch  Guiana,  after 
a  N.  course  of  200  miles  enters  the  Atlantic  30  miles  W.  of 
the  mouth  of  the  Surinam. 

Saran,  Bengal.    See  Sarun, 

Saranac,  s4r-a-nak'  or  sir'a-nak,  the  name  of  two 
connected  lakes  in  Franklin  co.,  N.Y.,  in  the  Adirondack 
AVilderness.  The  Upper  Saranac  lake  is  about  8  miles  long, 
2  miles  wide,  and  is  1567  feet  higher  than  the  sea-level. 
The  Lower  Saranac  is  inferior  in  size,  is  about  5  miles  E.  of 
the  upper  lake,  and  8  miles  N.  of  Mount  Seward.  Saranao 
River  issues  from  this  lake,  which  derives  a  supply  of  water 
from  Round  Lake  and  the  Upper  Saranac. 

Saranac,  a  post-village  in  Boston  township,  Ionia  oo., 
Mich.,  on  the  Grand  River,  and  on  the  Detroit  A  Milwaukee 
Railroad,  25  miles  B.  by  S.  of  Grand  Rapids,  and  Si  miles 
S.W.  of  Ionia.  It  has  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  5  churches, 
a  newspaper  oflSce,  a  stave-factory,  2  flour-mills,  4  saw- 
mills, a  tannery,  a  foundry,  <fec.     Pop.  in  1880,  877. 

Saranac,  a  post-village  in  Saranac  township,  Clintou 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  16  or  17  miles  W.  by 
S.  of  Plattsburg.  It  has  a  church,  about  50  houses,  and  a 
starch-factory.  The  township  contains  a  village  named 
Redford,  and  has  some  iron-works.     P.  of  township,  4552. 

Saranac  Hollow,  a  hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  3 
miles  from  Saranao. 

Saranac  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  N.Y., 
is  on  the  Saranao  River  where  it  issues  from  a  lake  of  the 
same  name,  about  40  miles  S.  of  Malone.  It  is  surrounded 
by  beautiful  scenery,  and  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  and 
a  lumber-mill. 

Saranac  River,  in  New  York,  is  the  outlet  of  the 
Saranac  Lakes,  in  Franklin  co.  It  runs  northeastward 
through  a  mountainous  country,  intersects  Clinton  co.,  and 
enters  Lake  Champlain  at  Plattsburg.  It  is  nearly  100 
miles  long.  At  Cadyville,  9  or  10  miles  W.  of  Plattsburg, 
it  descends  45  feet  in  passing  through  a  gorge  1^  miles  long. 

Sarangarh,  Bengal.    See  Sarungorh. 

Saransk,  8il-r3,nsk',  or  Zaransk/,  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  70  miles  N.  of  Penza,  at  the  confluence  of 
the  Saranga  and  Insara.  Pop.  9369.  It  is  built  mostly  of 
wood,  and  has  2  cathedrals,  salt-magazines,  and  manufac- 
tures of  soap  and  leather. 

Sarapilly,  s4-r3,-pil'lee,  a  town  of  India,  presidency 
of  Madras,  10  miles  S.  of  Nellore. 

Sarapiqui,  si-rS,-pe-kee',  a  river  of  Costa  Rica,  tribu- 
tary to  the  San  Juan,  and  a  principal  channel  of  commu- 
nication between  the  interior  of  Costa  Rica  and  the  Carib- 
bean Sea. 

Sarapool,  Sarapoul,  or  Sarapnl,  8il-r&-pool',  » 
town  of  Russia,  government  and  195  miles  S.E.  of  Viatka, 
on  the  Kama.  Pop.  7688.  The  town,  commanded  by  a 
fort  on  an  adjacent  height,  has  a  cathedral,  a  large  salt- 
magazine,  manufactures  of  soap  and  leather,  and  a  trade 
in  timber  and  masts. 

Sarare,  s4-r4-r.^',  a  river  of  Brazil,  province  of  Msitto- 
Grosso,  joins  the  Guapore  in  lat.  14°  51'  S.,  Ion.  60°  30'  W. 
At  one  place  it  passes  within  4  miles  of  the  Sucuriu. 

Sarasota,  si-ri-so'ti,  a  post-hamlet  of  Manatee  co., 
Fla.,  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  110  miles  S.  of  Cedar  Keys, 
It  has  a  church. 

Sarasota  Bay,  in  Manatee  co.,  Fla.,  is  an  inlet  of  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  cut  ofi'  from  the  open  gulf  by  Sarasota 
Island.  North  of  this  island,  between  it  and  Long  Key,  la 
Sarasota  Pass,  the  main  entrance  of  the  bay. 

Saras'sa,  a  post-ofiice  of  Arkansas  oo.,  Ark.,  on  the 
Arkansas  River. 

Saraswati,  s&-rS,8-wi'tee,  a  river  of  India,  rises  near 
Aboo,  in  Joodpoor  dominion,  flows  S.AV.  past  Radhunpoor, 
and  enters  the  head  of  the  Gulf  of  Cutch.  Length,  100 
miles.     It  is  held  sacred  by  the  Hindoos. 

Saratof,  or  Saratofi^  Russia.    See  Saratov. 

Saratoga,  s4r-a-to'ga,  a  county  in  the  £.  part  of  Nevy 


SAR 


2400 


BAR 


fork,  hu  an  area  of  about  850  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  B.  by  the  Hudson  River,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  Mo- 
hawk, and  is  intersected  by  the  Saoondaga  River.  The 
surface  is  moderately  hilly  or  undulating,  except  the  north- 
ern pnrt,  which  is  mountainous.  It  is  oxtonsivoly  covered 
with  forests  of  the  oak,  hickory,  ash,  boech,  olin,  chestnut, 
sugar-maple,  ko.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Uay,  butter,  potatoes, 
Mkts,  Indian  corn,  lumber,  and  rye  are  the  staple  products. 
Among  the  minerals  found  in  it  are  slate,  Silurian  (Tren- 
ton) limestone,  and  Potsdam  sandstone,  a  good  material  for 
building.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Rensselaer  A, 
Saratoga  Railroad,  the  Champlain  Canal,  and  the  Adi- 
rondack Railroad.  The  largest  town  of  this  county  is 
Saratoga  Springs,  the  fashionable  watering-place.  Cap- 
ital, Rallston.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate, 
$.36,797,898.  Pop.  in  1870,  61,629,  of  whom  43,820  were 
Americans;  in  1880,  56,166. 

Saratoga,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  oo.,  Ala. 

Saratoga,  a  post-office  and  mineral  spring  of  Johnson 
00..  Ark..  13  miles  from  Clarksvillo. 

Saratoga,  a  post-village  of  Santa  Clara  co.,  Cal.,  8 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Santa  Clara  village,  and  10  miles  S.W.  of 
San  Jos6.  Here  is  a  mineral  spring  which  is  a  popular 
place  of  resort.  The  village  has  2  churches,  a  paper-mill, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  about  400. 

Saratoga,  a  hamlet  of  Putnam  oo.,  Fla.,  on  the  St. 
.John's  River,  9  miles  above  Palatka.  Ilere  is  a  sulphur 
spring. 

Saratoga,  a  township  of  Grundy  co.,  111.     Pop.  1233. 

Saratoga,  post-township,  Marshall  co..  III.     P.  1163. 

Saratoga,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
railroad  which  connects  Hartford  with  Union  City,  about  30 
miles  N.  of  Richmond.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  200. 

Saratoga,  a  post-office  of  Howard  co.,  Iowa,  in  Sara- 
toga township,  on  Crane  Creek,  about  20  miles  W.  of  Cresco. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  179. 

Saratoga,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pratt  co.,  Kansas,  56  miles 
from  Hutchinson.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Saratoga,  Lyon  co.,  Minn.    See  Coburq. 

Saratoga,  a  post-village  in  Saratoga  township,  Wi- 
nona CO.,  Minn.,  about  22  miles  E.S.E.  qf  Rochester,  and 
26  miles  W.S.W.  of  Winona.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded 
school,  and  about  30  dwellings.    Pop.  of  the  township,  998. 

Saratoga,  a  hamlet  and  township  of  Wilson  co.,  N.C., 
10  miles  E.  of  Wilson.     Pop.  1108. 

Saratoga,  a  station  of  Champaign  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cin- 
cinnati, Sandusky  &  Cleveland  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of 
Urbana. 

Saratoga,  a  post-township  of  Wood  co..  Wis.,  about  6 
miles  S.  of  Grand  Rapids,  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  AVis- 
consin  River.     Kaolin  is  said  to  be  found  hero.     Pop.  303. 

Saratoga  Lake,  a  beautiful  lake  in  Saratoga  co., 
N.Y.,  about  6  miles  S.E.  of  Saratoga  Springs.  It  is  6  or  7 
miles  long  and  nearly  2  miles  wide.  Its  outlet  is  Fish 
Creek,  which  enters  the  Hudson  River. 

Saratoga  Springs,  a  post-village  and  fashionable 
summer  resort  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  a  township  of  its 
own  name,  on  the  Rensselaer  &  Saratoga  Railroad,  at  the 
S.  terminus  of  the  Adirondack  Railroad,  38  miles  N.  of  Al- 
bany, and  about  180  miles  N.  of  New  York  City.  Besides 
being  one  of  the  most  fashionable  summer  resorts  in  the 
world,  Siiratoga  is  visited  by  many  persons  for  its  medicinal 
advantages.  Here  are  over  20  mineral  springs,  some  of 
which  are  of  great  celebrity,  the  waters  of  which,  in  addi- 
tion to  the  local  consumption,  are  bottled  in  large  qu.antities 
for  exportation.  The  village  contains  2  national  banks, 
churches  belonging  to  the  Baptists,  Catholics,  Congregation- 
alists,  Episcopalians,  Methodists,  and  Presbyterians,  and 
printing-offices  which  issue  1  daily  and  3  weekly  news- 
papers. It  has  numerous  hotels,  some  of  great  elegance 
and  capable  of  accommodating  more  than  1000  guests  each. 
Several  of  the  leading  hotels  sustain  excellent  orchestras, 
and  the  season  is  further  enlivened  by  regattas  upon  Sara- 
toga Lake  (4  miles  distant),  races  upon  the  track  of  the 
Saratoga  Racing  Association,  and  the  numberless  elegant 
"  turn-outs"  of  the  visitors.  Twelve  miles  E.  of  the  village, 
on  the  Hudson  River,  is  the  battle-ground  where  General 
Burgoyne  surrendered  to  General  Gates  during  the  Revolu- 
tion in  1777.     Pop.  (1880),  8421 ;  of  township,  10,820. 

Saratov,  or  Saratow,si-ri-tov',  written  also  Sara- 
tof  and  Saratoff,  a  government  of  Russia,  between  lat. 
48°  10'  and  63°  18'  N.  and  Ion.  42°  30'  and  51°  20'  E. 
Area,  32.622  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1882,  2,113,077.  Surface 
in  the  W.  hilly,  and  in  many  parts  fertile;  but  the  E.  is  a 
wide  desert  steppe.  The  principal  rivers  are  the  Volga, 
which  bounds  it  on  the  E.,  and  its  tributaries,  besides  the 
Khoper  and  Med  vieditza,  tributaries  of  the  Don.  Large  quan- 


tities of  rye,  wheat,  oats,  millet,  and  pease  are  raised,  and 
jiartly  exported.  Sheep-  and  cattle-breeding  is  conducted 
on  a  large  scale,  and  the  rearing  of  bees  and  silk-worms  is 
increasing.  The  fisheries  in  the  Volga  aro  very  valunblo, 
and  largo  quantities  of  salt  tish  and  caviare  are  exported. 
Principal  minerals,  salt,  millstones,  and  iron.  It  has 
manufactures  of  linen,  cotton,  and  woollen  fabrics,  hosiery, 
ironwares,  leather,  and  earthenwares,  also  numerous  flour- 
mills  and  distilleries.     Capital,  Saratov. 

Saratov,  a  town  of  Russia,  capital  of  the  above,  is  sit- 
uated on  the  right  bank  of  the  Vulga,  290  miles  E.  of  Vo- 
ronezh. Lat.  61°  31'  N.;  Ion.  about  46°  E.  Pop.  115.000. 
It  consists  of  an  upper  and  a  lower  town,  built  chiefly  of 
wood,  and  has  many  churches,  a  mosque,  some  monasteries, 
a  new  and  handsome  bishop's  palace,  large  government  edi- 
fice, a  large  bazaar,  several  hospitals,  a  college  and  other 
schools,  an  ecclesiastical  seminary,  manufactures  of  cotton 
cloths,  cotton  and  silk  hosiery,  clocks,  watches,  leather,  to- 
bacco, rope,  and  earthenwares,  a  bell-foundry,  breweries, 
distilleries,  and  vinegar-factories.  From  its  position  on  the 
Volga  and  between  Astrakhan,  Moscow,  and  Nizlince- 
Novgorod,  it  is  the  seat  of  an  extensive  trade,  importing 
colonial  goods  and  foreign  manufactures,  and  exporting 
corn,  salted  fish,  hides,  and  cattle;  it  has  also  three  im- 
portant annual  fairs. 

Saratovka,  or  Saratowka,  B&-r&-tov'kft,  a  village 
of  Russia,  S.E.  of  St.  Petersburg,  on  the  Neva. 

Sarauli,  a  town  of  India.    See  Sauuowly. 

Sarawah,  Bi-r8,'wl,  or  Sarwa,  sar'wiV,  a  town  of 
Burmah,  on  the  Irrawaddy,  80  miles  N.W.  of  Rangoon. 

Sarawak,  sH-r&'w&k,  a  country  of  Borneo,  on  the  N. 
coast  of  the  island,  near  its  W.  side,  extending  between  lat. 
1°  and  2°  N.  and  Ion.  109°  40'  and  111°  40'  E.,  bounded 
W.  and  S.  by  the  mountain  Krimbang,  and  watered  by  the 
river  Sarawak  and  its  tributaries.  Capital,  Sarawak.  The 
rajahship  of  this  country  was  held  from  1839  to  1868  by  Sir 
James  Brooke,  and  since  1868  has  been  held  by  his  nephew. 
The  rajali's  autliority  is  absolute,  and  his  vassalage  to  the 
Sultan  of  Borneo  is  merely  nominal.  The  rule  of  native 
chiefs  and  English  officers  is  combined,  and  for  many  years 
the  country  has  been  very  prosperous.  Exports,  sago,  gutta- 
percha, rubber,  wax,  gold,  antimony,  <fec.     Pop.  250,000. 

Sarawak,  formerly  Kucliin,  koo'cbin,  a  town  in  the 
W.  of  the  island  of  Borneo,  capital  of  a  rajahship,  and 
on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  in  lat.  1°  33'  N.,  Ion.  11U° 
20'  E.  It  consists  of  a  native  and  a  European  town,  the 
former  built  on  each  side  of  two  reaches  of  the  river,  and 
divided  into  kampongs,  or  clusters,  and  the  latter  occupying 
heights  on  the  left  bank  of  the  river.  Many  of  these 
houses,  raised  on  posts  and  formed  of  wood,  have  a  very 
respectable  appearance.  An  English  church  mission  an  J  a 
native  school  have  been  established.  The  trade  of  the  town 
is  considerable,  and  is  carried  on  with  Singapore.  It  has 
forts,  a  palace  of  the  rajah,  barracks,  prison,  and  court- 
house.    Pop.  18,000. 

Sarawak,  sd-ri-wik',  or  Presqu'ile,  prSsk'eel',  a 
post-village  in  Grey  co.,  Ontario,  14  miles  N.  of  Owen 
Sound.     Pop.  125. 

Sarawan,  si-rl-wln',  written  also  SaharaAvan,  a 
province  of  Beloochistan,  between  lat.  28°  and  30°  20'  N. 
and  Ion.  64°  and  67°  40'  E.  Aresi,  15,000  square  miles. 
Pop.  50,000.  Surface  mostly  mountainous  and  rugged ; 
Tukatoo,  in  the  N.,  rises  upwards  of  11,000  feet.  Theprin- 
cipal  towns  are  Sarawan,  Shawl,  and  Mustung. 

Sarawan,  a  town  of  Beloochistan,  capital  of  the  above, 
98  miles  W.  of  Kelat.  Lat.  28°  47'  N.;  Ion.  64°  50'  E. 
It  consists  of  about  500  houses  in  a  barren  district,  enclosed 
by  a  mud  wall. 

Sarayacu,  sl-ri-i-koo',  a  town  of  Peru,  on  the  navi- 
gable river  Uc.ayale,  in  lat.  about  6°  50'  S.,  Ion.  75°  W. 

Sarconi,  san-ko'nee,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Basilicata, 
13  miles  N.E.  of  Lagonegro.     Pop.  1131. 

Sarcoxie,  sar-kox'ee,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  Kan- 
sas.    Pop.  681. 

Sarcoxie,  a  post-village  in  Sarcoxie  township,  Jasper 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  Centre  Creek,  and  on  the  Missouri  <fc  Western 
Railroad,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Carthage,  and  12  miles  N.AV. 
of  Pierce  City.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school, 
a  church,  and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  in  1880,  341. 

Sardam,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Zaandam. 

Sardara,  san-d&'rS.,  a  village  of  Sardinia,  23  miles  S.E. 
of  Oristano.     Pop.  2569. 

Sardawala,  the  native  name  of  Seudovol. 

Sardes,  a  city  of  Asia  Minor.     SeeSARDis. 

Sardice,  a  village  of  Austria.    See  Scharditz. 

Sardinas,  san-dee'nis,  asmall  bay  of  the  United  States 
of  Colombia,  in  lat.  about  2°  N.,  Ion.  79°  W. 


SAR 


2401 


SAR 


Sardinia,  san-din'e-a  (It.  5'arrfe<7iia,  san-din'yi;  Fr, 
Sarduigne,  sauMin' ;  Ger.  Sardinien,  sau-dee'ne-?n ;  Dutch, 
Sardinie,  saR-deen'y^h ;  Sp.  Sarderla,  saii-dfin'yi,  or  Cer- 
deUa,  thin-dSn'yS, ;  anc.  Sardin'ia  and  Ichnu'sa ;  Gr. 
Sopiui,  Sardo,  or  l.apSuiv,  Sardon,  'l\vov(Ta,  Ichiionsa),  the 
largest  island  in  the  Mediterranean  Sea  after  Sicily,  and 
forming  with  its  surrounding  ishinds,  the  principal  of  which 
are  Antioco,  San  Pietro,  Aainara,  Magdalena,  Tavolara, 
and  Caprera,  a  coinpartimento  of  the  kingdom  of  Italy. 
It  extends  from  lat.  38°  50'  to  41°  15'  N.,  and  from  Ion.  8° 
5'  to  9°  60'  E. ;  greatest  length,  from  Cape  Teulada,  in  the 
S.,  to  Longo  Sardo,  in  the  N.,  152  miles;  breadth,  66  miles. 
Area,  including  the  small  islands  along  the  coast,  9399 
square  miles.  It  is  nearly  in  the  form  of  a  parallelogram, 
and  not  without  considerable  indentations,  especially  on  the 
S.  and  W.  coasts.  On  the  N.  it  is  separated  from  the  island 
of  Corsica  by  the  Strait  of  Bonifacio,  about  7  miles  wide. 

The  coast  is  rugged  and  precipitous,  presenting  a  suc- 
cession of  headlands.  The  principal  bay  is  that  of  Porto 
Torres.  The  W.  const,  stretching  S.  from  Cape  Falcon,  pre- 
sents, among  other  remarkable  headlands,  that  of  Capo  Ar- 
gentaro,  upwards  of  2000  feet  in  height.  The  island  is 
generally  mountainous,  the  peak  called  Genargentu,  5276 
feet  high,  being  the  most  elevated  point.  There  are  several 
extended  and  beautiful  plains,  and  some  stony  and  sterile 
tracts.  Lead,  silver,  iron,  marble,  alabaster,  and  mercury 
are  found,  but  are  not  much  wrought.  The  country  as  a 
whole  is  very  fruitful,  especially  in  grain,  which,  with  live- 
stock, is  largely  exported.  The  methods  of  cultivation  are 
very  primitive.  Oil,  wine,  madder,  and  tobacco  are  sec- 
ondary products  of  the  island.  Education  is  very  back- 
ward ;  and  probably  in  no  part  of  Europe  have  the  advances 
of  modern  civilization  made  less  obvious  changes  than  here. 
The  prevalence  of  severe  endemic  fevers,  especially  dan- 
gerous to  foreigners,  has  done  much  to  keep  Sardinia  almost 
unknown  and  unvisited  by  tourists.  The  people  speak 
strongly-marked  dialects  of  the  Italian.  They  are  proud, 
quarrelsome,  and  revengeful,  but  truthful,  hospitable,  brave, 
and  patriotic.  There  are  two  provinces,  named  from  the 
two  chief  towns,  Sassari  and  Cagliari.  There  are  a  few 
short  railway  lines.  Sardinia  formerly  gave  name  to  an 
important  kingdom,  which  included  not  only  the  island,  but 
Piedmont,  Savoy,  and  Liguria,  on  the  mainland,  now  be- 
longing principally  to  the  kingdom  of  Italy  (of  which  these 
were  the  germ).  The  present  departments  of  Alpes-Mari- 
times,  Savoie,  and  Haute-Savoie,  in  France,  were  also  parts 
of  the  Sardinian  dominions. 

History. — The  early  history  of  the  island  is  involved  in 
much  obscurity.  Its  inhabitants  were  independent,  when, 
about  B.C.  530,  they  were  attacked  by  the  Carthaginians 
and  obliged  after  a  valiant  resistance  to  quit  the  low  country 
and  retire  into  their  mountain-fastnesses.  During  the  first 
Punic  war  the  Komans  made  strenuous  exertions  to  become 
masters  of  the  island,  and  ultimately  obtained  a  formal 
cession  of  it.  This  cession  left  a  rankling  in  the  breasts 
of  the  Carthaginians,  and  is  mentioned  as  one  of  the  causes 
which  led  to  the  second  Punic  war,  in  which  Rome,  though 
finally  victorious,  was  brought  to  the  brink  of  ruin  by  Han- 
nibal. During  the  struggles  between  Rome  and  Carthage, 
Sardinia  often  became  the  theatre  of  war,  and  sufi"ored 
equally  from  both.  At  a  very  early  period  the  inhabitants 
were  converted  to  Christianity.  On  the  fall  of  the  Western 
Empire  it  came  successively  under  the  power  of  the  Van- 
dals, Goths,  and  Moors.  At  the  end  of  the  twelfth  century 
it  was  held  by  the  Genoese,  and  afterwards  by  the  kings  of 
Aragon  till  1713.     In  1720  it  was  acquired  by  Savoy  in 

exchange  for  Sicily. Adj.  and  inhab.  Sardinian,  sar- 

din'e-an  (It.  Saii'do). 

Sardinia,  sar-din'e-a,  a  post-village  in  Jackson  town- 
ship, Decatur  co.,  Ind.,  about  35  miles  N.N.W.  of  Madison, 
and  16  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Columbus.     It  has  2  churches. 

Sardinia,  a  post- village  in  Sardinia  township,  Erie  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Springville  <fe  Sardinia  Railroad,  3  miles  W. 
of  Arcade  Station,  8  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Springville,  and  22 
luilcs  S.W.  of  Warsaw.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a 
woollen-mill,  a  carriage-shop,  and  nearly  45  houses.  Pop. 
about  300 ;  of  the  township,  1693. 

Sardinia,  a  post-village  in  AVashington  township. 
Brown  CO.,  0.,  on  the  Cincinnati  <fc  Eastern  Railroad,  46i 
miles  E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  2  churches,  a  wagon-factory, 
and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  300. 

Sardinia,  a  post-office  of  Clarendon  co.,  S.C. 

Sardinia  Junction,  a  station  in  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Buffalo,  New  York  &,  Philadelphia  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Springville  A  Sardinia  Railroad,  31i  miles 
SS.E.  of  Bufialo. 

Sar'dis,  or  Sar'des  (Gr.S«p«isor  2op8«j;  Turk.  Sart, 


sant),  a  ruined  city  of  Asia  Minor,  in  antiquity  the  capital 
of  Lydia,  at  the  N.  foot  of  Mount  Tmolus,  50  miles  N.E, 
of  Smyrna.  On  its  summit  are  extensive  remains  of  a 
castle,  called  the  house  of  Croesus ;  and  about  1  mile  dis- 
tant are  traces  of  a  vast  temple  of  Cybele.  Under  Croesus, 
its  king,  from  whom  it  was  taken  by  Cyrus,  Sardis  was  one 
of  the  most  splendid  cities  of  the  East.  After  passing  to 
the  Romans  it  rapidly  declined,  and  during  the  reign  of 
Tiberius  was  almost  destroyed  by  an  earthquake.  It  was, 
however,  immediately  rebuilt,  and  acquired  new  interest 
from  becoming  the  seat  of  one  of  the  Apocalyptic  churches. 

Sar'dis,  a  post-ofiico  of  Burke  co.,  Ga. 

Sardis,  a  post-village  of  Mason  co.,  Ky.,  about  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Maysville.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  224. 

Sardis,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Panola  co..  Miss.,  on 
the  Mississippi  <fc  Tennessee  Railroad,  50  miles  S.  of  Mem- 
phis, and  50  miles  N.  of  Grenada.  It  is  the  largest  village 
of  the  county,  and  contains  a  newspaper  ofiice,  7  churches, 
a  female  institute,  a  bank,  and  a  tannery.    P.  (1880)  986. 

Sardis,  a  post-village  in  Lee  township,  Monroe  co.,  0., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  about  40  miles  above  Marietta.  It  has 
a  chair-factory,  a  flour-mill,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  265. 

Sardis,  a  post-hamlet  in  Franklin  township,  West- 
moreland CO.,  Pa.,  18  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Pittsburg.  Near  it 
are  several  churches. 

Sardis,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henderson  co.,  Tenn.,  25 
miles  E.  of  Henderson  Station.  It  has  a  church  and  2  or  3 
stores, 

Sardis,  a  post-office  of  Cass  co.,  Texas. 

Sardis,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  W.  Va.,  4  miles 
N.W.  of  Wilsonburg  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Sardoal,  saR-do-il',  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  14 
miles  S.E.  of  Thomar.     Pop.  3934. 

Sarec'ta,  a  post-hamlet  of  Duplin  co.,  N.C.,  on  Goshen 
Creek,  about  55  miles  N.  of  Wilmington. 

Saree,  or  Sari,  s3,-rce',  the  capital  town  of  the  Persian 
province  of  Mazanderan,  20  miles  E.  of  Balfurosh.  Lat. 
36°  30'  N.;  Ion.  53°  10'  E.  Pop.  15,000.  It  is  enclosed 
by  a  ditch  and  by  a  mud  wall  flanked  by  pentagonal  brick 
towers  but  kept  in  very  bad  repair, 

Sarembey,  or  Sarambey,  si-r?m-bi',  a  town  of 
Eastern  Boumelia,  65  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Philippopolis. 

Sarepta,  sa-r6p'ta,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of 
Saratov,  in  its  S.  part,  on  the  Sarpa,  near  its  influx  into 
the  Volga,  15  miles  S.  of  Tsaritsin.  It  was  founded  in 
1765  by  a  colony  of  Germans,  and  is  the  centre  of  numerous 
colonies  of  Moravians. 

Sarepta,  a  city  of  Palestine.    See  Surafend. 

Sarep'ta,  a  post-village  of  Calhoun  co.,  Miss.,  25  miles 
E.  of  Water  Valley,  and  about  50  miles  W.N.W.  of  Aber- 
deen.    It  has  3  churches. 

Sarepta,  a  hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  about  4  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Belvidere.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Sarep'ta,or  Friedsburg,  freedz'biirg,  a  post-village 
in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  20  miles  S.AV.  of  Seaforth.     P,  100, 

Sarcs«Kend,  si-rds-k^nd',  a  village  of  Persia,  in 
Azerbaijan,  S.W.  of  Mianna.  Near  it  are  two  ruined  fort- 
resses, termed  Kalah-Zohak. 

Sarezzo,  s5,-r5t'so,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Brescia,  2 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Gardone,  on  the  Mella.     Pop.  1687. 

Sargadelos,  sau-gi-di'loce,  a  village  of  Spain,  in 
Galicia,  province  and  18  miles  N.  of  Lugo. 

Sargana  Taluk,  sar-gin'3,  ti-look',  a  native  state  of 
India,  in  Candeish.     Area,  360  square  miles.     Pop.  8094. 

Sargans,  saR'gins,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  St. 
Gall,  at  a  railway,  7i  miles  S.E.  of  Wallenstadt.     P.  1014. 

Sargeant's  Bluff,  Iowa.    See  Sergeant  Bluffs. 

Sar'gent,  a  post-office  of  Santa  Clara  co.,  Cal.,  on  tho 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  37  miles  S.  by  E.  of  San  Jos6. 

Sargent,  a  township  of  Douglas  co..  111.     Pop.  1035. 

Sargent,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  Kansas,  on  tho 
Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad,  13  miles  E.  of 
Granada,  Col. 

Sargent,  McKean  co..  Pa.    See  Sergeant. 

Sargent's,  a  station  of  the  Savannah,  Griffin  k  North 
Alabama  Railroad,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Ncwnan,  Ga. 

Sar'gentville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co.,  Me.,  on 
the  E.  shore  of  Penobscot  Bay,  or  Eggemoggin  Reach,  about 
20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Belfast.  It  is  supported  by  fishing  and 
ship-building. 

Sari,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Saree. 

Sarin'da,  a  post-office  of  Weld  co.,  Col, 

Sarine,  a  river  of  Switzerland,    See  Saane. 

Sarineiia,  si-re-nSn'yi,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
26  miles  S.E.  of  Huesca,  in  a  fertile  plain.     Pop.  3020. 

Snrjoo,  or  Sarjou,  a  river  of  India.    See  Goggra. 

Sark,  or  Sercq,  saiRk,  one  of  the  islands  in  the  Eng- 


BAR 


2402 


SAR 


Ilsh  Channel,  belonging  to  Great  Britain,  7  miles  E.  of 
Quorn»ey,  and  10  miles  N.W.  of  Jersey.  Lat.  4l»°  6'  N.  -, 
Ion.  2°  22'  W.  Area,  1400  acres.  It  consists  of  two  high 
peninsulas  united  by  a  narrow  isthmus.  Many  sea-fowl 
and  fish  nro  taken  uround  the  ooasts.  It  presents  very 
wild  and  beautiful  scenery,  and,  though  a  dependency  of 
Ouomsoy,  has  a  looal  government  of  its  own.  Its  only 
laadlng-plaoe  U  at  Crcux.     Pop.  540. 

Sark,  a  small  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Dumfries,  with  a 
S.W.  course  of  10  or  1 1  miles  piust  Springfield,  forms  for 
several  miles  the  boundary  between  Scotland  and  England, 
and  enters  the  Solway  Firth  near  its  E.  extremity. 

Sarkady  sh&n'kCd',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Bihar,  35 
miles  S.W.  of  Urosswanlein.     Pop.  7383. 

8arkholin»  sark'bolm,  a  small  island  in  the  Oalf  of 
Riga. 

Sarlat,  sanMi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Dordogne,  on  the 
Sarlat,  44  miles  S.E.  of  P6rigueux.  Pop.  4521.  It  has  a 
communal  college,  and  manufactures  of  edge-tools,  crucibles, 
and  leather. 

Sarinatia,  the  ancient  name  of  Poland. 

Sarmatta,  gaR-ni&t't&,  one  of  the  Sorawatty  Islands,  in 
the  Malay  Archipelago,  between  Timor  and  Timor  Laut,  in 
lat.  8°  10'  S.,  Ion.  128°  45'  E.,  30  miles  in  circuit. 

Sarmieiito,  san-me-fin'to,  a  romarltable  mountain  of 
Terra  del  Fuego,  on  the  S.  side  of  Gabriel  Channel.  Lat. 
64°  27'  12"  S.;  Ion.  70°  51'  30"  W.  Its  height  is  6910 
feet  above  sea-level,  rising  from  a  broad  base. 

Sarnano,'8aii-n&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  10 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Maccrata.     Pop.  4387. 

Sarnen,  san'n^n,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  capital  of  the 
canton  of  Unterwaldcn,  on  the  Aa  where  it  leaves  the  Lake 
of  Sarnen,  and  at  the  foot  of  the  Landenberg,  11  miles  S.  of 
Lucerne.  Pop.  3720.  In  its  council-house  are  some  paint- 
ings and  an  alto-rilievo  model  of  Switzerland.  See  also 
Lake  of  Sarxen. 

Sarner-Aa,  Switzerland.    See  Aa. 

Sarnia,  the  ancient  name  of  GuERNSEy. 

Sarnia^  sar'n?-a,  an  incorporated  town  of  Ontario,  capi- 
tal of  the  CO.  of  Lambton,  situated  on  the  river  St.  Clair,  near 
Lake  Huron,  and  on  the  Great  Western  and  Grand  Trunk 
Railways,  61  miles  W.  of  London.  It  has  a  ferry  across 
the  river  to  Port  Huron,  and  is  a  port  of  entry.  It  has  5 
churches,  several  schools,  2  branch  banks,  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  brewery,  saw-,  grist-,  and  shingle-mills,  and  manu- 
factories of  iron  castings,  machinery,  wooden-ware,  wool- 
lens, leather,  ic.     Pop.  2929.     See  also  Point  EmvAun. 

Sarnico,  saR'ne-ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  15  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Bergamo,  at  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Lake  Iseo. 

SarnOy  saR'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Salerno, 
near  the  source  of  the  Sarno  (anc.  Sar'iius),  13  miles  N.W. 
of  Salerno.  Pop.  10,674.  It  has  a  cathedral,  an  old  castle, 
some  sulphur  baths,  and  manufactures  of  paper,  copper- 
wares,  cotton,  linen,  and  silk  fabrics. 

Sarouicus  Sinus,  Greece.    See  Gulp  op  ^cina. 

Saronno,  or  Sarroniio,  san-Ron'no,  a  town  of  North- 
ern Italy,  in  Lombardy,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Milan.  It  has 
important  cotton-manufactures.     Pop.  5392. 

SaroSy  sVrosh*,  or  Saros  Varmegye,  s&'rSsh^  van'- 
midj',  a  county  of  Hungary,  bounded  N.  by  Galicia.  Area, 
1463  square  miles.     Capital,  Eperies.     Pop.  175,292. 

Sarus,  or  Sarosch,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Patak. 

Saros,  Turkey.    See  Gulf  of  Sards. 

Sarpa,  saH'pi,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Astrakhan,  flows  N.,  and  joins  the  Volga  15  miles 
S.  of  Tsaritsin,  after  a  course  of  200  miles. 

Sar-Puli,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Holwan. 

Sar'py,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Nebraska,  has  an 
area  of  about  250  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  the  Missouri  River,  which  separates  it  from  Iowa,  and 
on  the  S.  and  W.  by  the  Platte  River.  It  is  also  drained 
by  the  Eikhorn  and  Papillon  Rivers.  The  surface  is  finely 
diversified  by  undulating  prairies  and  level  river-bottoms, 
on  which  groves  of  the  oak,  hickory,  cottonwood,  and  wal- 
nut are  found.  The  soil  is  deep  and  very  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  wheat,  oats,  bay,  and  butter  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Good  limestone  underlies  a  large  part  of  the  soil. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad. 
Capital,  Bellevue.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate, 
$1,217,628.     Pop.  in  1870,  2913  ;  in  1880,  4481. 

Sarpy  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Sarpy  co..  Neb.,  5 
miles  S.  of  Papillon  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Sarralbe,  a  town  of  Germany.     See  Saaralbrn. 

Sarrance,  saK'r&Nss',  a  village  of  France,  in  Bosses- 
PyrenSes,  10  miles  S.  of  Oloron.     Pop.  1140. 

Sarrc,  a  river  of  Germany.    See  Saar. 

Sarreal,  saR-Rd-M',  or  Sarrial,  saR-Rc-il',  a  town  of 


Spain,  province  of  Lerida,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Montblanch, 
near  the  Francoli.     Poj).  2483. 

SarreboiirK,  a  town  of  Lorraine.    See  Saarburo. 

SarrebrUck,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  SaariirOck. 

SarresiieiiiineK,  Germany.    See  SAARap.MtiNn. 

SarrC'IiOuis,  Rhenish  Prussia.    See  Saar-Ixxtis. 

8arre« Union,  a  town  of  Alsace.    See  Saar-Unioh. 

Sarria,  saK'ne-A,  a  town  of  Spain,  near  Barcelona. 
Pop.  3752. 

Sarrion,  san-ne-On',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  It 
miles  S.E.  of  Teruel.     Pop,  1784. 

Sarronno,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Saronno. 

Sarrowly,  sar-ruw'lee,  a  town  of  India,  Bareilly  dis- 
trict, 51  miles  N.W.  of  Ooruckpoor.    Pop.  4585. 

Sarrulle,  a  village  of  Sardinia.    See  Sarule. 

Sarsina,  san-see'nA.,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  the  province 
of  Forli,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Mercato-Sarraoeno.  Pop.  3173. 
It  has  a  cathedral. 

Sarskoe-Scio,  Russia.     See  Tsarskoe-Selo. 

Sars-Poteries,  8au-po*t?h-Ree',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Nord,  4  miles  from  Avesnes.  It  has  potteries  and  manu- 
factures of  glass  and  sugar.     Pop.  2404. 

Sarstedt,  san'stfitt,  a  town  of  Prussia,  In  Hanover,  6 
miles  N.W.  of  Hildesheim,  on  the  Leino.     Pop.  2027. 

Sart,  sart  or  san,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  13 
miles  S.E.  of  Liege.     Pop.  2510. 

Sart,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Sari>is. 

Sart'Damc-Avellines,  saR-dim-i'v^h-leen',  a  vil- 
lage of  Belgium,  in  Brabant,  on  the  Thil,  19  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Brussels.     Pop.  1700. 

Sarteano,  saR-t^-i'no,  or  Sartiano,  san-te-H'no,  a 
town  of  Italy,  province  of  Siena,  5  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Chiusi.  It  has  a  castle  and  mineral  baths.  A  vast  num- 
ber of  Etruscan  tombs  have  been  opened  here.     Pop.  4504. 

Sartena,  saR-ti'n4  (Fr.  Sartine,  sanHin'),  a  town  of 
Corsica,  23  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ajaecio.     Pop.  3337. 

Sarthe,  saut,  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  the  department 
of  Orne,  passes  Alcnfon  and  Le  Mans,  where  it  becomes 
navigable,  and  joins  the  JIaycnne  on  the  left,  IJ  mile* 
above  Angers.     Length,  145  miles. 

Sarthe,  a  department  of  France,  in  the  N.W.,  formed 
of  part  of  the  old  province  of  Maine-et-Perche.  Area,  2371 
square  miles.  Pop.  in  1881,  438,917.  Surface  flat;  a  con- 
siderable portion  is  covered  with  forests.  It  is  watered  by 
the  Sarthe,  Loire,  and  several  smaller  streams,  is  fertile  in 
the  valleys,  and  yields  sufficient  grain  for  the  population. 
Among  its  minerals  are  marble,  slate,  and  limestone.  Wine 
is  made  in  small  quantity,  cider  and  perry  extensively. 
Manufactures  comprise  woollens,  calicoes,  paper,  crockery, 
leather,  and  linen  fabrics.     Capital,  Le  Mans. 

Sartirana,  san-tc-ri'nd,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Novara, 
11  miles  S.\V.  of  Mortara.     Pop.  3570. 

Sartor- Oe,  san'tor-ii'^h,  an  island  off  the  W.  coast  of 
Norway,  stift  and  5  miles  W.  of  Bergen.  Lat.  60°  15'  N. ; 
Ion.  4°  10'  E.     Length,  20  miles;  breadth,  7  miles. 

Sart'well,  a  post-ofiice  of  McKean  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Bufl"alo,  New  York  t  Philadelphia  Railroad,  20  miles  S.  (/ 
Olean,  N.Y. 

Sarnie,  si-roo'lA,  or  Sarrnlle,  gan-Bool'li,  a  village 
of  Sardinia,  2  miles  S.S.W.  of  Orani.     Pop.  1076. 

Sarum,  Old,  England.    See  Old  Sarum. 

Sarnn,  or  Sarnn,  si-run',  a  district  of  Bengal,  Patna 
division,  lat.  25°  40'-26°  38'  N.,  Ion.  83°  58'-85°  14'  B. 
Area,  2654  square  miles.  It  has  the  Goggra  on  the  S.W., 
the  Ganges  on  the  S.,  and  the  Gundnck  on  the  E.  It  is  a 
fertile  plain,  somewhat  liable  to  overflow.  Capital,  Chuprah. 
Pop.  2,063,800. 

Sarungpoor,  si-rung-poor',  a  town  of  India,  Gwalior 
dominions,  54  miles  N.E.  of  Oojein.  Lat.  23°  35'  N.;  Ion. 
76°  35'  E. 

Sarungurh,  or  Sarangnrh,  si-riln-gur',  a  native 
state  of  India,  Central  Provinces.  Area,  640  square  miles. 
Lat.  of  centre,  about  21°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  83°  E.     Pop.  37,091. 

Sarus,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Svhoon. 

Sarvar,  shiu'viln',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Eiscn- 
burg,  on  the  Sarvar,  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Guns.      Pop.  2086. 

Sar'versville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Buffalo  township,  But- 
ler CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Butler  Extension  Railroad,  at  Sarver 
Station,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Butler. 

Sar'vis  Point,  a  post-office  of  Webster  co..  Mo. 

Sarviz,  shAR'veez',  a  river  of  Ilung;iry,  flows  S.,  and 
joins  an  arm  of  the  Danube  at  Baja.  Length,  60  miles. 
It  forms  a  part  of  the  Sarviz  Canal,  37  miles  in  length. 

Sarwa,  a  town  of  Burmah.     See  Sarawafi. 

Sarzana,  sand-zi'nft,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Genoa,  near  the  river  Magra,  8  miles  by  rail  E.  of  La  Spezia, 
Pop.  5396.     Its  old  fortifications  now  form  public  walks. 


SAR 


2403 


SAT 


and  it  has  a  castle,  a  cathedral,  a  college,  a  theatre,  and 
manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  leather,  Ac. 

Sarzeau,  san^zO',  a  town  of  France,  Morbihan,  S.  coast, 
on  a  peninsula  between  the  sea  and  Morbihan  Bay,  9  miles 
S.  of  Vannes.     Pop.  840. 

SarzedaSjsaR-zi'dis,  a  market-town  of  Portugal,  prov- 
ince of  Beira,  11  miles  W.  of  Castello  Branco.     Pop.  2500. 
Sasbach,  sis'biK,  or  Sassbad,  siss'bilt,  a  village  of 
Baden,  17  miles  E.N.E.  of  Strasburg.     Pop.  1120. 

Sasik,  si'sik,  a  lake  of  Russia,  in  Bessarabia,  35  miles 
S.W.  of  Akerman,  16  miles  in  length  and  6  miles  in 
breadth.  It  receives  the  Kogilnik  and  some  other  rivers, 
and  communicates  with  the  131ack  Sea  through  the  N.  arm 
of  the  Danube. 

Saskatchewan,  sas-katch'5-w6n,  a  river  of  Canada, 
rises  in  a  small  lake  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  about  lat.  52° 
N.  Its  upper  course  is  generally  called  the  South  Sas- 
katchewan, or  South  Branch,  on  account  of  the  existence  of 
a  large  tributary  (the  North  Branch)  which  rises  in  the 
glaciers  near  Mt.  Hooker.  Length  of  North  Branch,  836 
miles  (excluding  minor  sinuosities);  of  South  Branch,  903 
miles,  the  former  having  a  general  E.  and  the  latter  a  very 
devious  N.N.E.  course.  Both  these  main  branches  are 
adapted  to  steam  navigation.  About  Ion.  1 05°  W.  the  main 
forks  unite  and  flow  E.  into  Lake  Winnipeg.  From  this 
great  lake  it  runs  N.E.  to  Hudson's  Bay.  Here  it  is  gen- 
erally called  Nelson  River,  or  Katchewan.  At  its  mouth 
is  the  settlement  of  York.  Its  length  to  the  head  of  the 
South  Fork  is  said  to  be  1732  miles.  Area  of  catchment- 
basin,  432,000  square  miles. 

Saskatchewan,  a  district  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada, 
created  in  1882,  having  E.  Keewatin,  S.  Assiniboia  and 
Manitoba,  and  W.  Alberta.     Area,  114,000  square  miles. 

Sassafras,  Delaware.    See  Greex  SpRina. 

Sas'safras,  a  post-office  of  Knott  co.,  Ky. 

Sassafras,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  Md.,  on  or  near 
the  Sassafras  River,  about  45  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Baltimore. 
It  has  2  or  3  churches  and  3  stores.     Pop.  281. 

Sassafras  Fork,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Gran- 
ville CO.,  N.C.,  16  miles  from  Henderson  Station.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  of  township,  1983. 

Sassafras  River,  Jlaryland,  runs  westward,  forms 
the  boundary  between  Cecil  and  Kent  cos.,  and  enters 
Chesapeake  Bay.     It  is  short,  but  wide. 

Sassano,  sis-si'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Sa- 
lerno, 3  miles  S.E.  of  Diano.     Pop.  4601. 

Sassari,  sis'si-re,  a  city  of  the  island  of  Sardinia,  capi- 
tal of  a  province,  on  its  N.W.  side,  and  on  the  Turritano,  10 
miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Gulf  of  Sassari,  12  miles  by 
rail  from  Porto  Torres,  its  port,  and  59  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Cagliari.  Lat.  40°  43'  33"  N. ;  Ion.  8°  35'  E.  Pop.  30,542. 
It  is  enclosed  by  walls  and  towers,  entered  by  5  gates,  and 
has  a  cathedral,  23  other  churches,  several  convents,  a 
large  government  house  and  other  public  edifices,  a  uni- 
versity, a  museum  and  public  library,  clerical  seminary, 
public  hospital,  and  a  brisk  trade  in  tobacco,  oil,  fruits,  Ac. 
Adjacent  to  the  city  is  the  fountain  of  Rosello,  highly  orna- 
mented with  carvings.    See  also  Gulf  of  Sassari. 

Sassari,  a  province  of  Italy,  comprising  the  N.  half 
of  the  island  of  Sardinia.  Area,  4139  square  miles.  It  is 
mountainous,  and  grain  and  cattle-products  arc  exported. 
Capital,  Sassari.     Pop.  243,452. 

Sassbad,  a  village  of  Baden.     See  Sasbach. 

Sassello,  sis-sfil'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  21  miles  'W.N.W, 
of  Genoa.     Pop.  4433. 

Sassenberg,  sis's§n-b6RG\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  West- 
phalia, 18  miles  N.E.  of  Munster.     Pop.  1286. 

Sasscndorf,  sis's^n-donr,  a  village  of  Prussia,  14 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Arnsberg,  with  salt-works.     Pop.  1137. 

Sasscno,  sis-si'no  (anc.  Saao,  or  Sasonis  Instda), 
an  island  of  the  Adriatic,  off  the  entrance  to  the  Gulf  of 
Avlona. 

Sas'seram',  or  Sah^seram',  a  town  of  Bengal,  in 
Shahabad.  Lat.  24°  67'  N. ;  Ion.  84°  3'  E.  It  has  a  large 
trade,  and  has  a  splendid  tomb  of  Sher  Shah,  an  emperor 
of  Delhi.     Pop.  21,023. 

Sasslav,  a  town  of  Poland.    See  Zaslav. 

Sasso,  sis'so,  a  market-town  of  Italy,  in  Basilicata,  12 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  2:U5. 

Sassoferrato,  s4s-so-f3R-Rd,'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
the  Marches,  among  the  Apennines,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Fab- 
briano.     Pop.  7693.     It  has  manufactures  of  nails. 

Sassonia,  and  Sassone.     See  Saxony. 

Sassuolo,  sls-swo'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  10  miles  S.W. 
of  Modena,  on  the  Secchia.     Pop.  3275. 

Sastago,  si.s-tS,'go,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  39 
miles  S.E.  of  Saragossa,  on  the  Ebro.     Pop.  1920. 


Sata,  s3.'tS.,  or  Satta,  sit'ti,  the  main  stream  of  the 
Indus  River,  at  its  delta  in  Sinde,  enters  the  ocean  by  the 
Kookcwaree  mouth,  15  miles  S.  of  Bunder  Vikkur. 

Satadoo,  Satadou,  or  Satadu,  sit-H-doo',  a  state 
of  Senegambia,  about  lat.  13°  N.,  Ion.  12°  W.  The  capi- 
tal town,  Satadoo,  is  near  its  S.  extremity. 

Satahung,  s4-ti-hung',  a  town  of  Nepaul,  100  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Khatmandoo. 

Satalge,  si-til'gi,  a  river  of  Turkey,  an  affluent  of 
the  Salembria. 

Satalge  (anc.  Pharsa'liaf),  a  town  of  Thessaly,  on 
a  slope  facing  the  N.,  20  miles  S.  of  Larissa.  On  some 
eminences  towards  the  E.  the  Romans,  under  Quintus 
Flaminius,  defeated  the  Macedonians  under  Philip.  The 
battle  of  Pharsalia,  in  which  Csesar  defeated  Pom])ey,  wa« 
fought  on  the  plain  immediately  adjoining  the  town. 

Sataliah,  or  Satalieh.     See  Adalia. 

Satara,  or  Satarah,  India.    See  Sattarah. 

Satartia,  sa-tar'she-a,  a  post  village  of  Yazoo  co., 
Miss.,  on  Yazoo  River,  32  miles  N.E.  of  Vicksburg. 

Sater,  Hamilton  co.,  0.    See  New  BALTuronE. 

Satgharra,  sit-gaR'R4,  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  on  the 
Ravee,  having  several  small  forts.     Lat.  31°  N. 

Satgoong,  sit'goong',  Satgong,  sJlt^gong',  or  Sap- 
tagrain,  a  town  of  Bengal,  4  miles  N.AV^.  of  Iloogly,  an- 
ciently a  place  of  great  renown  and  splendor,  and  in  the 
sixteenth  century  a  large  trading  city  and  the  residence  of 
many  European  merchants.     It  is  now  a  uicrc  village. 

Saticoy,  sat-e-koi',  a  post-township  of  Ventura  co.,  Cal., 
is  on  the  Santa  Clara  River.  It  contains  a  hamlet  of  the 
same  name,  and  has  some  manufactures  of  farming-imple- 
ments.    Asphaltum  is  found  here. 

Satil'la,  or  Santil'la,  a  river  of  Georgia,  rises  in 
Irwin  CO.,  and  runs  in  an  E.S.E.  direction  through  a  level 
sandy  region.  It  enters  the  Atlantic  Ocean  in  Camden  co., 
15  miles  S.  of  Brunswick.  It  is  nearly  220  miles  long.  It 
has  an  affluent  named  Little  Satilla  (which  see). 

Satilla,  a  station  in  Wayne  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Brunswick 
ifc  Albany  Railroad,  32  miles  W.  of  Brunswick. 

Satilla,  a  station  of  the  Macon  &  Brunswick  Railroad, 
50  miles  N.W.  of  Brunswick,  Ga. 

Satilla  Blutr,  a  post-office  and  shipping-point  of  Cam- 
den CO.,  Ga.,  on  the  Satilla  River,  15  miles  from  its  mouth. 
Lumber  and  rice  are  shipped  here. 

Satil'pa  Creek,  of  Clarke  co.,  Ala.,  enters  the  Ala- 
bama a  few  miles  below  Coffeeville. 

Sativa,  sA-tee'vi,  a  town  of  the  United  States  of  Co- 
lombia, 66  miles  N.E.  of  Tunja,  near  the  G.alinazo. 

Satkhira,  a  town  of  India.     See  Sutkeera. 

Satlej,  a  river  of  India.     See  Sutlej. 

Satoor,  sa-toor',  or  Settoor,  s^t-toor',  a  town  of  In- 
dia, 50  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Tinnevelly,      Pop.  7155. 

Satoraija  lljhely,  si'to^rOrySh'  oo'e-hfiP,  a  market- 
town  of  Hungary,  capital  of  the  co.  and  8  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Zemplin.     Pop.  9946. 

Satpoora,  sit-poo'r&  (or  Sautpoora,  sawt-poo'rl) 
^fountains,  an  extensive  range  in  India,  between  the 
Nerbudda  and  Taptee  Rivers,  lat.  21°  30'  N.,  Ion.  from 
74°  to  78°  E.,  forming  the  boundary  between  the  district 
of  Candeish  and  the  Indore  dominions,  and  almost  wholly 
peopled  by  Bheels. 

Satpur,  siOpoor'  (?),  a  pass  across  the  Himalayas,  lead- 
ing into  Little  Thibet,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Iskardoh.  Lat. 
35°  N.;  Ion.  75°  24'  E.     It  is  12,000  feet  above  the  sea. 

Satriano,  sl-tre-i'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  16 
miles  S.  of  Catanzaro.     Pop.  2431. 

Satsop,  sat'sup,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chchalis  co.,  Wash- 
ington, 30  miles  from  Tenino.     It  has  a  church. 

Satsop  River,  AVashington,  rises  in  Sawamisli  co., 
runs  southward,  and  enters  the  Chehalis  River  in  Chchalia 
CO.,  about  10  miles  E.  of  Montesano. 

Satsuma,  sAt-soo'ml,  a  town  of  .Japan,  in  the  south- 
ernmost province  of  the  island  of  Kioo-Sioo. 

Satta,  a  river  of  India.     See  Sata. 

Sat'tarah,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  Sattarah  dis- 
trict, 58  miles  S.S.E.  of  Poonah.     Pop.  24,484. 

Sattarah,  or  Sat'ara,  a  district  of  India,  in  the  Dec- 
can,  presidency  of  Bombay,  bounded  W.  in  part  by  the  West- 
ern Ghauts.  Area,  5398  square  miles.  Capital,  Sattarah, 
Pop.  1,116,050. 

Sattarah  Jaghires,  a  name  given  collectively  to  five 
native  Indian  states,  called  Akalkote,  Jat  (or  Jutt)  and 
Dafflcpoor,  Punt  Prithee  Nidhee,  Phaltan,and  PuntSuchco. 
Total  area,  3508  square  miles.     Pop.  417,295. 

Sat'terlield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  in  Jack- 
son township,  on  the  New  Castle  it  Franklin  Railroad,  28 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Now  Castle. 


SAT 


2404 


SAU 


Rntt'lerSt  n  po«t-offic«  of  Comal  eo.,  Tex. 

Sat'urn,  a  post-villago  of  Whitley  co.,  Ind.,  in  Jefferson 
townsliip,  near  the  Wabasii  Railroad,  14  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Fort  Wayne.    It  has  2  churches,  a  seminary,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Sniit  a  river  of  South  Europe.     See  Savk. 

Saubcrinuttoe,  India.    See  Sauermutteb. 

SauccJOf  El,  Al  Bfiw-th&'no,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  46  miles  S.E.  of  Seville.     Pop.  277U. 

Saucelito,  saw-s^-loe'to,  a  post-village  of  Marin  oo., 
Cal.,  on  the  W.  shore  of  San  Francisco  Bay,  at  the  S.  tor- 
roinus  of  the  North  Pacific  Coast  Iltvilroad,  0  miles  N.W. 
of  the  city  of  San  Francisco,  with  which  it  is  connected  by 
n  ferry.  It  has  a  church,  railroad  car-shops,  4  stores,  and 
an  iron-furnace.     Pop.  in  1880,  476. 

Sauces,  South  America.    See  Kio  Nkgro. 

Saii'con  Creek,  of  Northampton  oo.,  Pa.,  falls  into 
the  Lehigh  River  near  Easton. 

Saticori,  Gulf  of  Siam.    See  Kon-PnANO. 

Sautle,  a  pust-ofiice  of  Chickasaw  co.,  Iowa. 

Saudice,  a  town  of  Silesia.     See  Zauditz. 

Saudre,  sOd'r,  a  river  of  France,  in  Cher,  after  a  N.W. 
and  W.  course  of  80  miles  past  Romorantin,  joins  tlie  Cher 
near  Sellcs-sur-Cher. 

Saudrigo,  sow-dree'go,  a  village  of  Italy,  9  miles  N.E. 
of  Vicenza.     Pop.  2000.. 

Saner,  a  river  of  Europe.    See  Sure. 

Sauerbriinn,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Liebenstein. 

Sauerschwabenheim,  sSw^^r-shwi'b^n-himo*,  a  vil- 
lage of  Hesse,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Mentz.     Pop.  1215. 

Saugatuck,  saw^ga-tuk',  a  small  river  of  Fairfield 
CO.,  Conn.,  runs  southward,  and  enters  Long  Island  Sound 
2  or  3  miles  E.  of  Norwalk. 

Saugatnck,  a  post-village  in  Wcstport  township, 
FairlioUl  co.,  Conn.,  on  the  Saugatuck  River  and  Long 
Island  Sound,  and  on  the  New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hart- 
ford Railroad,  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bridgeport. 

Saugatuck,  a  post- village  in  Saugatuck  township,  Al- 
legan CO.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Michigan,  near  the  mouth  of  tho 
Kalamazoo  River,  about  30  miles  S.  of  Grand  Haven,  and 
20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Allegan.  It  has  a  newspaper  office, 
a  good  harbor,  3  churches,  1  or  2  saw-mills,  and  2  tanneries. 
Lumber  and  other  products  are  shipped  here.  Pop.  1026. 
The  township  contains  a  hamlet  named  Douglas.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  2212. 

Saugeen,  eaw'gheen',  Gheghelo,  or  Fishing 
Islands,  a  group  of  islands  on  the  eastern  side  of  Lake 
Huron,  about  IS  miles  from  Saugeen,  extending  for  about 
7  miles,  and  varying  in  distance  from  2  to  5  miles  from  the 
main  shore.  They  are  celebrated  for  fisheries  of  white-fish 
and  herring,  and  form  safe  and  commodious  harbors  for 
large  vessels. 

Saugeen,  a  river  of  Ontario,  discharging  into  Lake 
Huron  at  the  village  of  Saugeen,  after  a  course  of  about  150 
miles.  It  is  150  yards  wide  at  its  mouth.  From  its  source  to 
the  lake  there  are  numerous  rapids,  creating  a  large  amount 
of  water-power. 

Saugeen,  or  Southamp'ton,  a  village  and  port  of 
entry  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Bruce,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Saugeen 
River  in  Lake  Huron,  and  the  terminus  of  the  Wellington, 
Grey  &  Bruce  Railway,  32i  miles  from  Owen  Sound.  It 
contains  a  brewery,  saw-,  grist-,  and  woollen-mills,  and  a 
number  of  stores.     Pop.  2579. 

Sangertics,  saw'gh^r-teez^  a  post-village  of  Ulster  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Saugerties  township,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Hud- 
son River,  at  the  mouth  of  Esopus  Creek,  100  miles  above 
New  York,  10  miles  N.  of  Rondout,  and  about  14  miles 
below  Hudson,  It  has  7  churches,  2  national  banks,  a 
newspaper  office,  the  Saugerties  Institute,  extensive  iron- 
works, and  miinufactures  of  paper  and  other  articles.  A 
steam  ferry  connects  it  with  Tivoli,  which  is  on  the  Hudson 
River  Railroad  and  is  2  miles  from  Saugerties.  Pop.  in 
1880,  3923;  of  the  township,  10,375.  The  township  has 
qnarrics  of  limestone  and  flagging-stone. 

Saugor,  or  Sagar,  si'giir,  an  island  of  tho  Ganges 
delta,  lying  just  E.  of  the  entrance  of  the  river  Iloogly, 
which  hero  reaches  tho  sea.  It  is  visited  by  vast  numbers 
of  pilgrims,  and  is  tho  scat  of  a  great  annual  fair.  It  has 
a  light-house,  and  is  said  to  have  been  once  very  populous. 
In  1864  a  cyclone  drove  the  waters  of  the  sea  over  the 
island,  and  left  only  1488  persons  out  of  a  former  popula- 
tion of  5625. 

Saugucs,  sSg,  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute-Loire,  17 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Le  Puy.     Pop.  1849. 

Saugur,  saw-giir',  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  Saugur 
district,  116  miles  W.N.W.  of  Jubbulpoor.     Pop.  45,655. 

Saugur,  Saugor,  or  Sagor,  a  district  of  India,  Cen- 
tral Provinces,  Jubbulpoor  division,  on  the  Vindhyan  pla- 


teau. Area,  4005  square  miles.  Capital,  Saugur.  Pon. 
627,725.  •or 

Saugus,  saw'gOs,  a  post-villago  in  Saugus  township, 
Essex  CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Saugus  Branch  of  the  Eastern  Rail- 
road,  4  miles  W.  of  Lynn,  and  9i  miles  N.N.E.  of  Boston. 
It  is  about  1  mile  from  an  inlet  of  the  sea.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  flannel  and  of  boots  and  shoes.  Tho  townshi]>  is  on 
Lynn  Harbor,  and  also  contains  villages  named  East  Saugus 
and  Cliftondale.     Total  pop.  (1880)  2625;  of  village,  1006. 

Salmon,  so'zhAf*"',  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Charcnto-In- 
f6rieuro,  on  tho  Seudre,  14  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Saintes.  Pop. 
2209.     It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  goods. 

Sauk,  sawk,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Wis- 
consin, has  an  area  of  about  825  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  tho  N.E.,  on  the  S.E.,  and  on  tho  S.  by  the 
AVisconsin  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Baraboo  River. 
Tho  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  is  extensively  cov- 
ered with  forests  of  the  oak,  elm,  sugar-maple,  ash,  hickory, 
Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  maize,  oats,  hay,  hops,  cattle, 
and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Sandstone  and  lime- 
stone (both  Lower  Silurian)  underlie  the  soil.  It  is  inter- 
sectcd  by  the  Madison  division  of  the  Chicago  A  North- 
western Railroad,  and  the  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad 
passes  along  its  southern  border.  Capital,  Baraboo.  Valua- 
tion of  real  and  personal  estate,  $13,200,000.  Pop.  in  1870, 
23,860,  of  whom  17,308  were  Americans;  in  1880,  28,729. 

Sauk  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Sauk  Centre  township, 
Stearns  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  Sauk  River,  and  on  the  St.  Paul 
A  Pacific  Railroad,  40  miles  W.N.AV.  of  St.  Cloud.  It  has 
a  newspaper  office,  a  banking-house,  4  churches,  a  money- 
order  post-office,  a  graded  school,  2  flour-mills,  Ac.  Pop.  in 
1880,  1201 ;  of  township,  additional,  398. 

Sauk  City,  a  post-village  in  Prairie  du  Lac  township, 
Sauk  CO.,  Wis.,  is  pleasantly  situated  on  tho  W.  bank  of  the 
Wisconsin  River,  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Madison,  and  15 
miles  S.  of  Baraboo.  It  has  a  bridge  over  the  river,  3 
churches,  an  iron-foundry,  several  breweries,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  in  1880,  917. 

Saukeniczsky,  the  native  name  of  Reichekaii. 

Sauk  Rapids,  a  post-villago,  capital  of  Benton  co., 
Minn.,  in  a  small  township  of  the  same  name,  on  tho  E. 
bank  of  the  Mississippi  River,  opposite  the  mouth  of  the 
Sauk  River,  and  on  the  St.  Paul  A  Pacific  Railroad,  73 
miles  N.W.  of  St.  Paul,  and  3  miles  above  St.  Cloud.  It 
contains  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  1  or  2  flour-mill.-', 
and  a  granite-quarry.     Pop.  (1880)  698; 

Sauk  River,  Minnesota,  rises  in  Osakis  Lake,  in  Todl 
CO.,  and  runs  southeastward  into  Stearns  co.,  which  it  in- 
tersects, and  enters  the  Mississippi  River  about  4  miles  above 
St  Cloud.  It  is  the  outlet  of  numerous  small  lakes,  and  is 
nearly  120  miles  long. 

SaukviHe,  sawk'vil,  a  post-village  in  Saukvillo  town- 
ship, Ozaukee  co.,  Wis.,  on  tne  Milwaukee  River,  and  on  the 
Wisconsin  Central  Railro.od,  28  miles  N.  of  Milwaukee,  and 
about  4  miles  W.  of  Ozaukee.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist- 
mill, and  3  stores.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2060. 

Sauldre,  a  river  of  France.     See  Saudre. 

Saulgau,  sowl'gow,  a  town  of  Wijrtcmbcrg,  15  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Altdorf  AVcingarten.     Pop.  3332. 

Saulieu,  soMe-uh'  (nnc.  Sidolucus  f)  a  town  of  Franco, 
in  Cole-d'Or,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Scmur.  Pop.  3113.  It 
has  a  communal  college  and  various  manufactures. 

Saulnierville,  sawTneer-vIl,  a  post-village  in  Digby 
CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  St.  Mary's  Bay,  25  miles  from  Digby. 
Pop.  300. 

Saulsburg,  sawlz'biirg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huntingdon 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  32  miles  E.N.E.  of  Altoona. 

Sanlsbury,  sawlz'b?r-re,  post-office,  Monroe  co..  Ark. 

Saulsbury,  a  post-village  of  Hardeman  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
tho  Memphis  A  Charleston  Railroad,  57  miles  E.  of  Memphis. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  steam  flour-mill,  and  a  high  school. 
Much  cotton  is  shipped  here.     Pop.  250. 

Sauls'ton,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  N.C.    P.  1511. 

Sault,  so,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Vaucluse,  18 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Carpentras.     Pop.  1476. 

Sault  an  Cochon,  sot  o  ko*sh6.N°',  a  river-port  in 
Saguenay  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence, 
60  miles  below  Tadousac. 

Sault  au  Recollet,  sot  5  ri^kolM^',  or  Back  River, 
a  post-village  in  Hochelaga  co.,  Quebec,  on  Riviere  des 
Prairies,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Montreal.  It  is  the  seat  of  the 
Convent  of  the  Sacred  Heart,  one  of  the  largest  educational 
institutions  in  the  province,  contains  several  stores  and 
hotels,  and  is  a  favorite  resort  of  pleasure-seekers.     P.  650. 

Sault  aux  Moutons,  sot  0  moo't6N°',  a  village  in 
Saguenay  co.,  Quebec,  on  tho  N.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence, 
35  miles  below  Tadousac.     Pop.  100. 


SAU 


2405 


SAV 


Sault-de-Navnilles,  so-d§h-n3,V4T',  a  village  of 
France,  in  Basses-Pyrenees,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Oithez. 

Sault  (or  Saut)  Saiiite  Marie  (usually  pronounced 
100  s6nt  mi'ree;  Fr.  pron.  so  siN"  niiVee'),  a  post-village, 
capital  of  Chippewa  co.,  Mich.,  in  a  township  of  its  own 
name,  on  St.  Mary's  River  or  Strait,  about  14  miles  from 
the  outlet  of  Lake  Superior,  and  150  miles  E.  of  Marquette. 
Here  are  rapids  which  obstructed  the  navigation,  but  the 
navigable  parts  of  the  river  have  been  connected  by  a  ship- 
canal  about  1  mile  long.  The  village  has  3  churches  and 
2  or  3  saw-mills,  and  is  partly  supported  by  fishing  and  the 
fur-trade.     Pop.  in  1880,  1947;  of  the  township,  4233. 

Sault  Sainte  Marie,  a  post-village  and  port  of  entry 
of  Ontario,  capital  of  the  district  of  Algoma,  on  St.  Mary's 
Strait,  opposite  Sault  Sainte  Marie,  Mich.  The  rapids  at 
this  place  have  a  descent  of  22  feet  in  less  than  a  mile,  and 
form  the  natural  limit  of  steamboat  navigation ;  but  a  canal 
has  been  cut  around  them  on  the  American  side.  (See 
Saist  Mary's  Strait.)  The  village  is  pleasantly  situated, 
and  has  3  churches  and  5  stores.  Many  of  the  inhabitants 
are  engaged  in  the  fur-trade  and  the  fisheries.  Sault  Sainte 
Marie  is  the  seat  of  the  Anglican  bishop  of  Algoma,  and  of 
the  Roman  Catholio  bishop  of  Northern  Canada.     P.  400. 

Sault  Saint-Louis,  Quebec.    See  Caugunawaga. 

Saulx,  or  Saux,  so,  a  river  of  France,  in  Ilaute- 
Marne  and  Mouse,  after  a  W.N.W.  course  of  45  miles,  joins 
the  Ornain  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Vitry. 

Saulxures,  so^zUr',  a  village  of  France,  in  Vosges, 
arrondissement  of  Remiremont.     Pop.  1982. 

Saulzoir,  so^zwaR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  on 
the  Sclle,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Cambrai.     Pop.  2240. 

Saumsvilic,  sawmz'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shenandoah 
CO.,  Va.,  4  miles  N.  of  Woodstock.     Pop.  about  80. 

Saumur,  so'miiR'  (anc.  Salmurium  ?),  a  town  of  France, 
in  Maine-et-Loire,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Angers,  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Loire,  and  on  the  railway  from  Tours  to  Nantes. 
Pop.  13,463.  It  has  a  tribunal  of  commerce,  a  communal 
eollego,  a  library,  a  riding-school  for  the  army,  a  botanic 
garden,  and  manufactures  of  linens,  cambrics,  leather,  chap- 
lets  or  rosaries,  and  excellent  wine. 

Saumurois,  sO^mii^nwi',  anold  subdivision  of  France, 
now  distributed  among  the  departments  of  Maine-et-Loire, 
Indre-et-Loire,  and  Vienne.     Chief  town,  Saumur. 

Saunders,  sawn'ders,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Ne- 
braska, has  an  area  of  about  800  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  and  E.  by  the  Platte  River,  and  is  drained  by 
Cottonwood,  Saline,  and  Wahoo  Creeks.  The  surface  is 
an  undulating  plain,  nearly  destitute  of  forests.  The  soil 
is  calcareous  and  very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay, 
oats,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  Good  limestone 
underlies  part  of  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Omaha  &  Republican  Valley  Railroad.  Capital,  Wahoo. 
Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $2,000,000.  Pop. 
in  1870,  4547;  in  1876,  10,463;  in  1880,  15,810. 

Saunders,  a  post-office  of  Saunders  co.,  Neb. 

Saund'ers'  Island,  in  the  South  Atlantic,  near  Sand- 
wich Land,  lat.  57°  52'  S.,  Ion.  26°  24'  W.,  was  discovered 
by  Cook  in  1775. 

Saunder8ville,sawn'dQrz-vil,  a  post-village  of  Worces- 
ter CO.,  Mass.,  in  Grafton  township,  on  Blnckstone  River,  and 
on  the  Providence  &  Worcester  Railroad,  10  miles  S.E.  of 
Worcester.     It  has  a  church  and  a  cotton-factory.     P.  542. 

Saundersville,  a  post-village  of  Gallia  co.,  0.,  18 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Gallipolis.     Pop.  350. 

Saundersville,  a  village  in  Scituato  township,  Provi- 
dence CO.,  R.I.,  1  mile  from  North  Scituate.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  cotton  yarns.     Pop.  101. 

Saundersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sumner  co.,  Tcnn., 
on  the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railro.ad,  19  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Nashville.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  100. 

Saunemin,  Illinois.    See  Sannemin. 

Sauute,  Sunth,  or  Santh,  sawnt,  a  native  state  of 
India,  Rewakanta  Agency.  Area,  356  square  miles.  Pop. 
49,675. 

Sauquoit,  saw-koit',  a  post-village  in  Paris  township, 
Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Sauquoit  Creek,  and  on  the  Delaware, 
Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Utica.  It 
has  2  churches,  the  Sauquoit  Academy,  and  manufactures 
of  cotton,  paper,  flour,  <fco.     Pop.  459. 

Sauquoit  Creek,  New  York.    See  Sadaquada. 

Saurat,  so^ri',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ariege,  7  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Foix.     Pop.  1443. 

Sauratown,  saw'ra-town,  post-office,  Stokes  co.,  N.C. 

Sauterne,  or  Sauternes,  so'tainn',  a  village  of 
France,  department  of  Gironde,  8  miles  N.AV.  of  Bazas.  It 
is  renowned  for  its  claret  wine. 

Sautpoora  Mountains.  India.    See  Satpooba. 


Saut  Sainte  Marie.    See  Sault  Sainte  Mauie. 

Sauvagere,  La,  France.    See  La  SauvagSre. 

Sauve,  sov,  a  town  of  France,  in  Gard,  on  the  Vidourle, 
20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Nlmes,     Pop.  2070. 

Sauveni^re,  sov'ne-aiR',  a  village  of  Belgium,  prov- 
ince and  10  miles  N.W.  of  Namur.     Pop.  1225. 

Sanvetat,  La,  li  sovHS.',  a  town  of  France,  in  Qers,  8 
miles  S.W.  of  Lectoure.     Pop.  1207. 

Sauveterre,  sOvHaiR',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Basses-Pyrenees,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Orthez.     Pop.  1544. 

Sauvie's  (saw'viz)  Island,  a  post-office  of  Multnomah 
CO.,  Oregon,  and  an  island  in  the  Columbia  River  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Willamette,  20  miles  long  and  2  miles  wide. 

Saux,  a  river  of  France.    See  Saulx. 

Sauxillanges,  s6x'eery6Nzh'  or  s6x^ee^y6Nzh',  a  town 
of  France,  in  Puy-de-D&mo,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Issoire. 

Sava,  si'vl,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Lecce,  5  miles  W.  of 
Manduria.     Pop.  4757. 

Sava,  s^'vd,  a  town  of  Japan,  on  the  island  of  Hondo, 
60  miles  N.E.  of  Kioto. 

Sava,  si'vd,  a  town  of  Persia,  province  of  Irak-Ajemee, 
70  miles  S.W.  of  Teheran. 

Savage,  sav'ij,  a  post-hamlet  of  Howard  co.,  Md.,  1 
mile  from  the  Washington  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &,  Ohio 
Railroad,  and  20  miles  S.W.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  cotton-mill,  and  a  machine-shop.     Pop.  about  200. 

Sav'age  Island  (also  called  Niue),  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  in  lat.  19°  S.,  Ion.  169°  W.  It  is  30  miles  in  cir- 
cuit, and  is  half-way  between  the  Samoan  and  Tonga 
Islands.  Pop.  5124,  all  Christians,  and  interesting  as  being 
of  partly  Samoan  and  partly  Melanesian  origin. 

Savage  Islands,  several  groups  of  islets  of  British 
North  America. 

Savage  3Iountain,  a  ridge  in  Garrett  co.,  Md.,  10 
miles  W.  of  Cumberland.  It  is  the  N.W.  boundary  of  the 
Cumberland  or  Frostburg  coal  basin.     See  Mount  Savage. 

Savage  River,  Maryland,  a  small  stream  which  runs 
southward  in  Garrett  co.  and  enters  the  North  Branch  of  the 
Potomac  River  2  miles  W.  of  Piedmont,  W.  Va. 

Savage's  Station,  a  station  on  the  Richmond  &  York 
River  Railroad,  in  Henrico  co.,  Va.,  10  miles  E.  of  Rich- 
mond. One  of  the  "  seven  days' "  battles  occurred  here, 
June  29,  1862. 

Savaii,  si-vi'ee,  the  largest  of  the  Samoan  Islands,  in 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  the  westernmost  and  richest  of  the 
group.  Lat.  (S.  point)  13°  49'  S.;  Ion.  172°  29'  W.  Length, 
50  miles ;  greatest  breadth,  30  miles.  Pop.  12,530.  See 
Samoan  Islands. 

Savalan,  a  mountain  in  Persia.     See  Sevellan. 

Savana  la  Mar,  sd.-vS,'n^  li  maR,  called  also  Savan> 
nah  la  Mar,  a  town  on  the  S.  side  of  the  island  of  Ja- 
maica.    Lat.  18°  12'  N. ;  Ion.  78°  6'  W. 

Savana  la  Mar,  s^-vd.'nd,  li  man,  or  Savan'nah 
la  Mar,  a  seaport  town  of  Santo  Domingo,  on  the  Bay  of 
Samana,  N.  coast,  15  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Samana. 

Savanilla,  South  America.     See  Sabanilla. 

Savanillo,  sd-vi-neel'yo,  a  town  of  Cuba,  18  miles  by 
rail  S.  of  Matanzas. 

Savan'na,  or  Savannah,  a  post-village  in  Savanna 
township,  Carroll  co.,  III.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on 
the  Western  Union  Railroad,  11  miles  W.  of  Mount  Carroll, 
and  about  20  miles  N.  of  Clinton,  Iowa.  It  has  a  good 
landing,  and  an  active  business  in  shipping  produce.  It 
contains  a  newspaper  office,  4  churches,  and  a  graded  '■chool. 
Pop.  971;  of  the  township,  1236.  It  has  a  machine-shop, 
and  manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber. 

Savan'nah,  an  important  river  of  South  Carolina  and 
Georgia,  is  formed  by  the  Tugaloo  and  Kiowee,  two  small 
streams  which  rise  near  the  S.  frontier  of  North  Carolina 
and  unite  on  the  boundary  between  Anderson  co.,  S.C,  and 
Franklin  co.,  Ga.  Flowing  in  a  general  S.S.E.  direction,  it 
forms  the  boundary  between  those  two  states  through  the 
whole  of  its  subsequent  course,  and  enters  the  Atlantic  near 
32°  N.  lat.  and  81°  W.  Ion.,  and  18  miles  below  Savannah 
City.  The  length  of  the  river,  exclusive  of  branches,  is 
estimated  at  450  miles.  The  navigation  is  good  from  No- 
vember to  June,  about  8  months  in  the  year.  Large  ves- 
sels ascend  to  Savannah,  steamboats  of  150  tons  to  Augusta, 
about  230  miles,  and  smaller  boats  150  miles  higher.  A 
canal  9  miles  long  was  constructed  in  1845  around  the  falls 
at  Augusta,  by  which  abundant  water-power  is  produced. 
The  river  is  about  300  yards  wide  at  the  latter  city.  The 
Savannah,  in  connection  with  its  right  branch,  forms  the 
entire  boundary  between  South  Carolina  and  Georgia. 

Savannah,  a  post-village  of  Los  Angeles  co.,  Cal.,  in 
El  Monte  township,  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  \\ 
miles  W.  of  El  Monte,  and  12  miles  E.  of  Los  Angeles. 


BAV 


240C 


SAV 


Savannaht  a  city  and  port  of  entry  of  Georgiit,  the 
oapitui  of  Chatham  oo.,  and  one  of  the  mo«t  important  com- 
nercinl  cities  of  the  state,  is  situated  on  the  right  banlc  of 
tbu  Savnnnah  River,  18  miles  from  its  mouth,  116  miles  by 
rail  W.S.W.  of  Charleston,  and  294  miles  K.S.E.  of  Atlanta. 
Lat.  32°  5'  N. ;  Ion.  81°  8'  W.  The  site  of  the  city  is  a 
sandy  plain,  elovnted  about  40  feet  above  low-water  mark. 
It  is  regularly  laid  out,  with  wide  streets,  which,  however, 
are  elosoly  shaded  with  trees  of  many  rarietics.  The  prin- 
cipal streets  running  N.  and  S.  are  intersected  by  small 
parks,  26  in  number,  and  almost  in  the  centre  of  the  city 
is  Forsyth  Place,  a  beautiful  park,  regularly  laid  out  in 
walks  and  embellished  with  plants,  flowers,  and  handsome 
trees,  among  the  hitter  being  many  pines  of  primeval 
growth.  The  oity  is  built  mostly  of  brick,  and  many  of 
the  private  dwellings  are  handsome  specimens  of  archi- 
tecture. Among  the  public  buildings  the  custom-house, 
theatre,  court-house,  city  exchange,  cotton  exchange,  ma- 
flonio  temple,  Metropolitan  Hall,  Hodgson  Hall  (library  and 
head-quarters  of  the  Georgia  Historical  Society),  Armory 
Hall,  and  St.  Andrew's  Hall,  are  worthy  of  notice.  There 
are  a  number  of  handsome  church  edifices  in  the  city,  chief 
among  which,  worthy  of  mention,  are  the  Independent 
Presbyterian,  St.  John's  (Episcopal),  the  cathedral  of  Our 
Lady  of  Perpetual  Help  (Roman  Catholic),  and  the  new 
Jewish  synagogue  of  Miokva  Israel.  The  city  contains  30 
churches,  of  which  13  ore  for  colored  congregations,  2  syna- 
gogues, a  medical  college,  3  hospitals  (1  colore<l),  4  banks,  a 
savings-institution,  a  fire  department,  a  historical  society, 
several  reading-rooms,  and  a  public  library,  as  above  men- 
tioned. The  public  schools  are  well  conducted,  and  aflford 
liberal  provision  for  the  education  of  the  p(M)r.  The  private 
schools  also  are  numerous,  and  stand  high  in  the  estimation 
of  the  citizens.  Among  the  charitable  institutions  may  bo 
mentioned  the  Savannah  Hospital,  St.  Joseph's  Infirmary, 
orphan  asylum,  Episcopal  Orphans'  Home,  Hibernian  So- 
ciety, and  Port  Society.  One  morning  and  one  evening 
newspaper  are  published.  Two  monuments,  one  in  Johnson 
Square  to  General  Nathaniel  Greene,  and  the  other  in  Mon- 
terey Square  to  Count  Pulaski,  have  been  erected. 

The  harbor  of  Savannah  is  one  of  the  best  on  the  South- 
ern coast,  and  the  river  is  navigable  for  steamers  to  Augusta. 
The  depth  of  water  on  the  bar  is  22  feet  at  mean  low  water, 
and  vessels  drawing  19  feet  can  come  up  to  the  wharves. 
Steamers  run  regularly  to  New  York,  Boston,  Philadelphia, 
Baltimore,  and  other  ports.  Savannah  is  the  terminus  of  3 
railroads, — the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia,  the  Atlantic  & 
Gulf,  and  the  Savannah  &  Charleston.  The  chief  articles 
of  export  are  cotton,  rice,  lumber,  and  naval  stores.  The 
quantity  of  cotton  shipped  here  is  about  700,000  bales  per 
annum.  As  a  cotton  port  this  city  ranks  second  in  the 
United  States.  The  value  of  the  commodities  exported 
hence  in  a  year,  including  coastwise  exports,  is  about 
$50,000,000.  Savannah  has  gas-works,  water-works,  street 
railroads,  a  cotton-factory,  a  paper-mill,  several  foundries, 
planing- mills,  <fec.  It  was  founded  by  General  Oglethorpe 
in  1733,  and  was  chartered  as  a  city  in  1789.  It  was  cap- 
tured from  the  Confederates  by  General  Sherman,  Decem- 
ber 21,  1864.  Pop.  in  1860,  15,312;  in  1860,  22,292;  in 
1870,  28,235;  in  1880,  30,709, 

Savannah)  a  post-hamlet  of  Davis  co.,  Iowa,  on  a 
branch  of  the  North  Fabius  River,  about  30  miles  S.  of 
Ottumwa.     It  has  a  church  and  a  graded  school. 

Savannah,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Andrew  co..  Mo., 
in  Nodaway  township,  on  the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  A 
Council  Blufls  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of  St.  Joseph,  and  6 
miles  from  the  Missouri  River.  It  contains  6  churches,  a 
bank,  a  savings-bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  broom-factory, 
and  a  plough-factory.     Pop.  1257. 

Savannah,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co..  Neb.,  on  the  S. 
bank  of  the  Platte  River,  about  50  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lincoln. 

Savannah,  apost-village  in  Savannah  township,  Wayne 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  32  miles  W. 
of  Syracuse,  and  6  miles  E.  of  Clyde.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  union  school,  and  a  barrel-factory.  Pop.  in  1880,  418. 
The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Seneca  River. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1867. 

Savannali,  a  township  of  Jackson  oo.,  N.C.     Pop.  515. 

Savannah,  a  post-village  in  Clear  Creek  township, 
Ashland  co..  0.,  7i  miles  N.I^.VV.  of  Ashland,  and  about  18 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Mansfield.  It  contains  the  Savannah 
Academy  and  4  churches.     Pop.  394. 

Savannah,  a  hamlet  of  Athens  oo.,  0.,  in  Rome 
township,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  10  miles  E. 
of  Athens.  It  has  a  church,  and  a  grist-mill  on  Hocking 
River. 

Savannah)  a  township  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C.     P.  1067. 


Savannah,  a  post- village,  o«pital  of  Hardin  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Tennessee  lliver,  about  44  miles  S.E. 
of  Jackson,  and  120  miles  S.W.  of  Nashville.  It  has  3 
churches,  2  colleges  (male  and  female),  a  newspaper  office, 
and  3  liimbor-mills.     Pop.  in  1880,  1006. 

Savannah  la  Mar.    See  Havana  i.a  Mah. 

Savannah  River,  a  stiUion  of  the  Savannah  A,  Chariot, 
ton  Railroad,  on  the  Savannah  River,  18  miles  N.  of  Sa- 
vannah, Ga. 

Savanoor,  a  town  of  British  India.    See  SaAnNoon. 

Save,  sS,v  or  sdv  (Ger.  iSViti,  sSw;  Hun.  Hz&va,  sJl'vOh*; 
anc.  Sa'vita),  a  river  of  Austro-Hungary,  and  one  of  the 
principal  tributaries  of  the  Danube,  rises  in  the  N.  part  of 
Carniohi,  flows  E.  through  Croatia  and  between  Slavonia 
and  Bosnia,  and  joins  the  Danube  at  Belgrade.  Its  course 
is  estimated  at  550  miles.  Its  chief  affluents,  all  from  the 
8.,  are  the  Kulpa,  Unna,  Vcrbas,  Bosna,  and  Drin ;  it  ii 
navigable  from  its  mouth  to  the  influx  of  the  former  lor 
vessels  of  from  150  to  200  tons.  On  the  N.  a  branch  of  tha 
Alps  separates  its  basin  from  that  of  the  Drave. 

Save,  sftv,  a  river  of  France,  departments  of  Haute- 
Garonne  and  Gers,  joins  the  Garonne  15  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Toulouse,  after  a  N.E.  course  of  65  miles. 

Savclan,  a  mountain  of  Persia.    See  Sevellan. 

Savenay,  siV?h-ni',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire-In- 
f6rieure,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Nantes.     Pop.  1703. 

Savcnthem,  sfl'v^n-tim^  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
Brabant,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1560. 

Saverdun,  8S,*vfire'duN»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ari6ge, 
18  miles  N.  of  Foix.     Pop.  2590. 

Saverne,  a  town  of  Alsace.    See  Zabern. 

Sa'verton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Saverton  township,  Ralls 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  t^t.  Louis, 
Keokuk  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  7  miles  below  Hannibal. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1599. 

Saviano,  si-ve-i'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Ca- 
serta,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Nola.     Pop.  2881. 

Savigliano,  sl-veel-yi'no  (¥t.  Savillian,  si'vceryAx"' 
or  si'vee^y6N<''),  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  9  miles  E. 
of  Saluzzo.  Pop.  9544.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  a  square 
surrounded  with  arcades,  manufactures  of  woollens,  silks, 
and  linens,  and  an  active  trade  in  cattle. 

Savignano,  sd-veen-y&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the 
.Suiilian  AVay,  8  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Cesena.  Pop.  4542. 
It  has  a  public  library,  a  palace,  and  a  silk-factory. 

Savignano,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Foggia,  9 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Bovine.     Pop.  2400. 

Savignone,  si-veen-yo'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  12  milei 
N.N.E.  of  Genoa.     Pop.  of  commune,  3903. 

Savigny,  siVeen^yee',  a  commune  of  France,  in  Loir- 
et-Cher,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Vendame.     Pop.  2809. 

Sa  vigny- en- Re  Vermont,  siVeen'yee'-6N<'-r?h-vfiu*- 
m6N»',  a  commune  of  France,  department  of  SaOne-et- Loire, 
arrondisscment  of  Louhans.     Pop.  2111. 

Sa'vill,  or  Sa'vil,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y., 
about  5  miles  N.W.  of  Newburg. 

Saville,  sa-vll',  a  post-office  of  Crenshaw  co.,  Ala. 

Saville,  a  township  of  Perry  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1693. 

Savillian,  a  town  of  Piedmont.    See  Savigliano. 

Savindroog,  s3,*vin-droog',  a  strong  fortress  of  India, 
Mysore,  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bangiilore.  Though  previously 
deemed  impregnable,  it  was  captured  by  the  British  in  1791 
without  the  loss  of  a  man. 

Sav'in  Hill,  a  station  of  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  2J 
miles  S.  of  Boston,  Mass. 

Savio,  s&'ve-o  (anc.  Sa'pta),  a  river  of  Italy,  province 
of  Forii,  after  a  N.  course  of  50  miles  enters  the  Adriatio 
10  miles  S.E.  of  Ravenna.  On  it,  about  6  miles  from  its 
mouth,  is  the  village  of  Savio. 

Sav-la-Mar.    See  Savana  la  Mak. 

Savo,  or  Savoe,  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Savoo. 

Savoca,  s4-vo'ki,  a  village  of  Sicily,  in  Messina,  near 
the  E.  coast,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Taormina.     Pop.  2035. 

Savoia,  Savoja,  Savoie,  Savoien,  or  Savoycn. 
See  Savoy. 

Savoie-Haute.    See  HAtrrE-SAvoiE. 

Savona,  s4-vo'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Genoa, 
on  the  Mediterranean,  25  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Genoa. 
Pop.  16,030.  It  has  a  cathedral  and  many  other  good 
buildings.  Its  harbor  is  formed  by  a  mole  projecting  into 
the  sea,  and  is  difficult  of  access,  from  the  accumulation  of 
mud  and  sand  at  its  mouth.  Its  manufactures  comprise 
silk  goods,  hardware,  earthenware,  and  soap,  and  it  has  a 
brisk  trade  in  oranges  and  lemons  grown  in  its  vicinity. 

Savo'na,  a  post-village  in  Bath  township,  Steuben  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Conhocton  River,  and  on  the  Rochester  di- 
vision of  the  Erie  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Bath.    It  has  2 


SAV 


2407 


SAX 


churches,  a  cheese-factory,  a  flouring-mill,  a  steam  saw- 
mill, and  a  pump-factory.     Pop.  about  500. 

Sa'vonburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allen  co.,  Kansas,  in 
KIsinore  township,  12  miles  N.  of  Walnut  Station,  It  has 
a  church. 

Savoo,  Savou,  or  Savu,  sl-voo',  written  also  Savo, 
Savoe^  and  Saboe,  an  island  in  the  South  Pacific,  be- 
tween the  islands  of  Timor  and  Sandalwood.  Lat.  10°  32' 
8.;  Ion.  121°  35'  E.  It  is  about  21  miles  long  from  E.  to 
Vf,  It  is  divided  into  native  principalities,  subject  to  the 
Dutch  government.     Pop.  25,000. 

Savoy,  or  Savoi,  sa-voi',  Duchy  op  (It.  Savota,  or 
Savoja,  si-vo'yS,;  Fr.  Savoi'e,  si'vwi';  Ger.  Saeoyen,  s4- 
Voi'§n,-  Sp.  Saboijn,si,-Tio'yh,;  L.  Sabau'dia),  formerly  one 
of  the  divisions  of  the  Sardinian  States,  bounded  N.  by 
Switzerland,  from  which,  in  that  direction,  it  was  almost 
entirely  separated  by  the  Lalce  of  Geneva,  N.E.  by  Switzer- 
land, E.  and  S.E.  by  Piedmont,  and  elsewhere  by  France 
and  Italy.  Administratively  Savoy  was  divided  into  the 
two  divisions  of  Chambfiry  and  Annecy,  the  former  com- 
prehending the  provinces  of  Savoy  Proper,  Upper  Savoy, 
Maurienne,  and  Tarantaise,  and  the  latter  the  provinces  of 
Genevese,  Faucigny,  and  Chablais.  The  duchy  of  Savoy 
was  the  nucleus  of  the  kingdom  of  Sardinia.  Savoy  was 
ceded  to  France  about  1860,  and  now  forms  two  depart- 
ments, Savoie  and  Haute-Savoie. Inhabitant,  Savovard, 

sav'o-yard*. 

Savoy,  or  La  Savoie,  18,  siVwi',  a  department  of 
France,  formed  of  the  southern  part  of  the  old  duchy  of 
Savoy.  It  is  traversed  everywhere  by  Alpine  ranges.  In- 
dustry is  chiefly  pastoral  and  agricultural.  Area,  2221 
square  miles.     Capital,  Chamb6ry.     Pop.  268,361, 

SaVoy',  a  post-hamlet  of  Champaign  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Illinois  Central  Kailroad,  5  miles  S,  of  Champaign  City.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Savoy,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Berkshire  co., 
Mass.,  about  16  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsfield.  It  contains  2 
churches.     The  surface  is  hilly.     Pop.  730. 

Savoy,  a  post-village  of  Fannin  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Texas 
&  Pacific  Kailroad,  15  miles  E.  of  Sherman.  It  has  a  church, 
a  masonic  lodge,  and  about  16  business  liouses.     Pop.  400. 

Savoy  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Porkshire  co.,  Mass. 

Savu,  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Savoo. 

Savus,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Save. 

Sawatch,  Colorado,     See  Saguache. 

Sawbridgeworth,  England.    See  Sabuidgewoiith. 

Saw  Dust,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Georgia  Railroad,  2-1  miles  W,  of  Augusta.  It  has  a  church. 

Saw  Dust  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Maury  co.,  Tenn., 
8  miles  from  Columbia.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  a 
flour-mill,  ifee. 

Saw'kehatch'ee  or  Son'gahatch'ee  Creek, 
Ala.,  rises  in  Lee  co.,  runs  westward  through  Tallapoosa  co., 
and  enters  the  Tallapoosa  River. 

Saw  Mill,  a  post-otfice  of  Pawnee  co.,  Kansas. 

Saw'mill  Flat,  a  decayed  mining  village  of  Tuolumne 
CO.,  Cal.,  1  mile  E.  of  Columbia. 

Sawtellc's  (saw-tellz')  Peak,  a  peak  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains,  in  Montana,  near  lat.  44°  32'  N.,  about  3  miles 
S.  of  Henry  Lake.  It  is  of  volcanic  origin,  and  is  com- 
posed of  porphyry,  basalt,  &o.  Its  altitude  is  computed  to 
bo  about  10,600  feet. 

Sawuiitwaree,  si-wunt-w3,'rec,  a  town  of  India,  capi- 
tal of  the  state  of  the  same  name,  near  the  Malabar  coast, 
30  miles  N.  of  Goa, 

Sawuiitwaree,  a  native  state  of  India,  in  Concan, 
under  British  control.  Area,  900  square  miles.  Pop. 
190,814,     Lat.  15°  38'-16°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  73°  40'-74°  22'  E. 

Sawyer,  Berrien  co.,  Mich.     See  BnowN's. 

Saw'yer,  a  post-office  of  Door  co..  Wis. 

Sawyer  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  McKean  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Bufl'alo,  Bradford  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  2  miles  from 
Kendall.     It  has  a  machine-shop  and  oil-wells. 

Sawyer's,  a  station  of  the  Eastern  Railroad,  1  mile  S. 
of  Dover,  N.II. 

Sawyer's  Bar,  a  post-village  of  Siskiyou  co.,  Cal.,  on 
Salmon  River  (North  Fork),  60  miles  N.W.  of  Shasta.  It 
has  2  churches.  There  are  5  quartz-mills  near  it,  and 
quartz  and  placer  gold-mines.     Pop.  160. 

Sawyer's  River,  New  Jlampshire,  rises  in  Grafton 
CO.,  and  forms  one  of  the  head  branches  of  the  Saco  River. 

Saw'yersville,  a  post-haralet  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C., 
16  miles  S.S.E.  of  High  Point  Station. 

Saw'yerville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hale  co.,  Ala.,  about 
60  miles  W.N.W,  of  Selma,     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores, 

Saw'yerville,  a  post-village  in  Compton  co.,  Quebec, 
an  Eaton  River,  16  miles  E,  of  Lennpxvillo.    Pop,  175. 


Sax,  or  Seu»  s^h  (anc.  Sdlai-ia),  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  27  miles  N.W.  of  Alicante.     Pop.  2195. 

Sax,  a  post-office  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  on  a  railroad,  3 
miles  S.E.  of  Wilkesbarre. 

Saxapahaw,  sax-a-pa-haw',  a  post-hamlet  of  Ala- 
mance CO.,  N.C. 

Saxe,  sax  (Ger.  SacJisen,  sis's^n),  a  prefix  to  the  names 
of  the  following  German  states : 

Saxe-Altenburg,  sax  il't^n-btirg  (Ger.  Sachsen-Al- 
tenhiirg,  siic's^n  il't^n-booRG^),  a  duchy  of  Central  Ger- 
many, separated  into  two  nearly  equal  portions  by  the 
lordship  of  Gera,  and  enclosed  by  the  territories  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  AVeimar,  Saxe-Meiningen,  and  Schwarzburg-Ru- 
dolstadt.  Its  E,  part  is  called  Altenburg,  and  its  W,  Saal- 
Eisenberg.  The  people  are  chiefly  Protestants,  of  Wendish 
blood,  but  of  German  speech.  Area,  510  square  miles.  The 
surface  is  covered  by  ramifications  of  the  Erz-Gebirge  in  the 
W.,  and  watered  by  the  Saale,  Roder,  and  Orla.  The  chief 
industries  are  agriculture  and  cattle-rearing.  Capital,  Al- 
tenburg.    Pop.  in  1885,  161,460. 

Saxe-Coburg-Gotha,sax  ko'burg  go'ti  (Ger.  Sach- 
aen-Ooburg-Gotha,  s5.K's§n  ko'bSouG  go'ti),  a  duchy  of 
Germany,  in  Thuringia,  composed  of  two  principal  por- 
tions: 1,  the  duchies  of  Gotha  and  Coburg ;  2,  several 
detached  districts  enclosed  by  the  territories  of  Bavaria, 
Prussia,  Saxony,  Saxe-Meiningen,  and  Weimar.  Area,  760 
square  miles.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  with  fertile 
valleys.  The  chief  rivers  are  the  Nesse,  Gera,  Saale,  and 
Itz.  The  chief  industries  are  agriculture  and  cattle-rearing. 
The  manufactures  of  Gotha  are  very  varied.  Education  is 
in  an  advanced  state.  Capitals,  Coburg  and  Gotha,  Pop. 
in  1885,  198,829. 

Saxe-Lauenbnrg,  Germany,    See  LAUENBune, 

Saxe-Meiniiigeu-Hildburghausen,  sax  mi'ning- 
§n  hlld-burg-how'z^n  (Ger,  S<ichsen-Meiui>igen-IliUlbury- 
hausen,  six'?n  mi'ning-?n  hllt'boouG-how^z^n),  a  duchy 
of  Germany,  consisting  of  a  main  body  and  several  minor 
portions  isolated  from  it  and  partly  situated  at  a  consider- 
able distance.  The  main  body  consists  of  a  long  and  nar- 
row zone  of  a  crescent  shape,  the  concavity  turned  north- 
ward, and  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Saxe-Weimar,  and  mainly 
enclosed  by  Prussia,  Saxe-Weimar,  and  Bavaria.  Greatest 
length,  from  N.W.  to  S.E.,  about  90  miles  ;  greatest  breadth, 
15  miles.  Area,  including  the  minor  portions,  953  square 
miles.  It  is  hilly,  though  scarcely  mountainous,  the  loftiest 
summits  being  usually  of  moderate  elevation  and  covered 
with  forests.  On  the  E,  the  ridges  belong  to  the  Franken- 
wald,  on  the  N.  to  the  Thiiringerwald,  and  on  the  W.  to  the 
Rhon-Gebirge.  The  greater  part  of  the  surface  belongs  to 
the  basin  of  the  AVerra,  which  traverses  it  first  in  a  AV.  and 
then  in  a  N.N.AV.  direction.  There  area  number  of  lakes 
and  mineral  springs.  The  higher  districts,  though  well 
wooded,  are  unfit  for  agriculture.  The  best  land  is  in  the 
valleys  of  the  Werra  and  Saale,  but,  from  its  limited  extent 
and  from  the  inferiority  of  the  soil,  the  corn  raised  falls 
short  of  the  consumption.  The  pastures  are  abundant,  and 
rear  numbers  of  cattle,  sheep,  and  horses.  The  minerals 
include  iron  and  copper,  worked  to  a  small  extent,  argen- 
tiferous lead,  salt,  sulphur,  cobalt,  slate,  marble,  porcelain, 
and  fuller's-earth.  The  inhabitants  are  very  industrious, 
and  carry  on  manufactures,  chiefly  of  iron-ware,  porcelain, 
glass,  and  articles  in  wood  and  pasteboard.  The  principal 
exports,  in  addition  to  these  articles,  are  wood,  salt,  wool, 
and  cattle.  The  government  is  a  hereditary  and  consti- 
tutional monarchy.  The  great  majority  of  the  inhabitants 
are  Lutherans.     Meiningen  is  the  capital.     Pop,  194,494. 

Sax'enburg,  a  post-borough  in  Jefferson  township, 
Butler  CO.,  Pa.,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Saxenburg  Station  of  tho 
Butler  Extension  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  and  22 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2  churches,  3  stores,  and 
a  coach-factory.  Pop.  295.  At  Saxenburg  Station  (Carbon 
Black  Post-Oflice)  is  a  hamlet  which  has  manufactures  of 
carbon-black. 

Saxeville,  sax'vil,  a  post-village  of  Waushara  co..  Wis, 
in  Saxeville  township,  about  32  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Osbkosk. 
It  has  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  703. 

Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach,  sax  wi'mar  i'z?n-ak' 
(Ger.  Sdcheeit-  Weimar-Eisenach,  sS,K's§n  ♦i'mar  !'z§n-SK*), 
a  grand  duchy  of  Central  Germany,  consisting  of  three 
larger  portions,  Weimar,  Neustadt,  and  Eisenach,  and 
twelve  smaller  parcels.  Weimar  proper  is  bounded  on  the 
N.  by  Prussian  Sa.xony,  on  the  W.  by  Prussian  Saxony  and 
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt,  on  the  S.  by  Schwarzburg-Kudol- 
stadt,  and  on  the  S.E,  and  E.  by  Saxe-Altenburg.  Neu- 
stadt lies  to  the  S.E.  of  the  former,  and  is  completely  sej)a« 
rated  from  it.  Eisenach,  situated  considerably  to  tho  W., 
is  bounded  on  the  N,  by  Prussian  Saxony,  S,  by  Bavaria* 


SAX 


240B 


SAX 


And  E.  by  Saxe-Moiningen  and  Saxe-Coburg-Qotha.  Area 
of  the  whole,  1404  square  miles.  It  almost  wholly  belongs 
to  the  basins  of  the  Kibe  and  the  Wosor,  the  former  drain- 
ing Weimar  by  the  Soale,  which  traverses  it,  and  the  Elster, 
Orlo,  Ilm,  and  Unstrut,  tributaries  of  the  Saule,  luid  the 
tatter  draining  Eisenach  by  the  Worra  and  its  tributaries, 
Buhl,  llorsel,  Felda,  and  Ulster.  The  lakes  are  of  small 
extent,  but  numerous.  The  principality  of  Weimar  is  the 
most  fertile  part.  Eisenach  is  the  district  least  adapted  for 
agriculture.  In  the  valley  of  the  Saale  muuh  hemp  is 
grown,  and  in  some  sheltered  spots,  particularly  in  the 
neighborhood  of  Jena,  vineyards  are  seen.  The  forests  are 
very  extensive,  and  form  the  principal  wealth  of  the  grand 
duohy.  The  most  valuable  stock  is  sheep.  Swine  also  are 
rery  numerous,  and  the  minerals  include  silver  and  copper, 
no  longer  worked ;  iron  and  manganese,  worked  to  some 
extent;  salt  and  potter's  clay.  Manufactures  have  made 
most  progress  in  Eisenach,  where  woollen,  cotton,  and  linen 
tissues,  ribbons,  carpets,  &c.,  are  produced  to  a  consider- 
able extent.  The  principal  exports  are  timber,  dried  fruit, 
wool,  and  gin.  The  transit  trade  is  important.  Jena  is 
the  seat  of  a  university,  and  public  schools  are  numerous; 
Weimar  is  celebrated  for  its  literary  and  scientific  institu- 
tions. Nine-tenths  of  the  inhabitants  are  Protestants.  The 
principal  towns  are  Weimar,  Eisenach,  Jena,  Neustodt, 
Weida,  Kreuzburg,  and  Geisa.     Pop.  (1885)  313,946. 

Saxki5biiig,  or  Saxkjobingf  s&x'k'yo'bing,  a  seaport 
town  of  Denmark,  on  the  island  of  Liuiland,  at  the  head  of 
a  bay,  which  forms  a  good  harbor.     Pop.  900. 

Sax'muiidham,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Suffolk,  20 
miles  N.E.  of  Ipswich.     Pop.  of  parish,  1292. 

Sax'oii,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  III.,  7  or  8  miles 
B.  of  Galva,  and  5  miles  N.  by  AV.  of  Toulon.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Saxon,  a  post-office  of  Saline  co..  Neb. 

Saxon,  a  post-office  of  Meigs  co.,  0. 

Sax'onland  (Qor.  Sachsenland,  slx'^n-lin^),  the  S. 
part  of  Transylvania,  watered  by  the  Aloota  and  its  affiu- 
ents.  Area,  3243  square  miles.  Pop.  381,573.  The  pres- 
ent inhabitants  preserve  almost  unmixed  their  German 
language  and  hereditary  usages,  and  are  the  most  indus- 
trious and  thriving  race  in  Transylvania.  Agriculture  is 
carefully  conducted ;  manufactures  of  woollen,  cotton,  and 
other  goods  are  carried  on  in  the  towns,  the  principal  of 
which  are  Hermannstadt  and  Kronstadt. 

Sax'on  Switz'erland,  a  name  applied  to  the  moun- 
tainous part  of  the  kingdom  of  Saxony,  S.E.  of  Dresden. 
It  is  highly  picturesque,  but  none  of  its  mountains  rise  to 
above  2000  feet  in  elevation. 

Sax'onville,  a  post-village  in  Framingham  township, 
Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Sudbury  River,  and  on  a  branch 
of  the  Boston  A  Albany  Railroad,  22  miles  W.  of  Boston. 
It  has  a  manufactory  of  blankets  and  cotton  warp,  and  3 
churches. 

Sax'ony  (Gcr.  ^acA«cn,  siK's^n;  h.  Saro'nta  ;  ¥r.  Saxe, 
B&x;  It.  Sossonia,  ska-eo'ne-k;  Sp.  Sajonia,  si-Ho-nee'i), 
an  old  division  of  North  Germany,  which  extended  between 
the  Baltic  and  the  North  Sea  in  the  N.  and  Bohemia  and 
Bavaria  in  the  S.  In  the  old  divisions  of  Germany  the 
circle  of  Upper  Saxony  composed  the  greater  part  of  the 
present  kingdoms  of  Prussia  and  Saxony,  and  that  of  Lower 
Baxony,  Hanover,  Brunswick,  Mecklenburg,  and  Holstein. 

Saxony,  Kingdom  of  (Ger.  Konigreich  Sachsen,  kii'nio- 
riK^  sdK's^n),  a  kingdom  of  Germany,  forming  an  integral 
part  of  the  German  Empire,  bounded  on  the  N.W.,  N.,  and 
E.  by  Prussia,  on  the  S.E.  and  S.  by  Bohemia,  on  the  S.W. 
by  Bavaria,  and  on  the  W.  by  Reuss,  Saxe-Weimar,  and 
6axe-Altenburg.  Length,  144  miles;  breadth,  15  to  88 
miles.  The  following  table  gives  the  area  and  pop.  by 
census  of  December  31,  1880: 


CfoTemmental  Districts. 

Sq.  miles. 

Pop.  (1880). 

Dresden - 

Irt)ip«ic _ ~ - 

Zwickau - ~.. 

liautzou ~. 

1,672 

1,783 
954 

808,512 

707,8,i:6 

1,105,141 

351,326 

Total 

6,787 

2,972,805 

According  to  religious  worship,  the  population  in  1875 
was  divided  as  follows:  Protestants,  2,664,341;  Roman 
Catholics,  73,349  ;  German  Catholics,  1876  ;  Christian  secte, 
15,660;  Jews,  5360.  Most  of  the  people  speak  German, 
but  in  the  B.  some  50,000  people  use  Wendish  dialects. 
Chief  towns,  Dresden,  Leipsic,  Chemnitz,  Zwickau,  Freiberg, 
Plauen,  and  Olauchaa.    The  surface  is  very  mountainous ; 


it  is  traversed  on  the  S.  and  S.E.  frontier  by  the  Erc-Q«. 
birge  and  Riesen-Gebirge,  the  latter  rising  to  4000  feet  in 
height;  the  mean  elevation  of  the  country  is  about  1100 
feet.  The  climate  in  the  plains  is  mild  and  salubrious,  but 
a  portion  of  the  mountain-district  of  the  Erz-Oebirgo  is 
termed  "Saxon  Siberia,"  from  the  severity  of  the  winter 
climate.  Mean  temperature  of  the  year  at  Dresden,  40.1° 
Fahr. ;  winter,  32.7°;  summer,  66°;  at  Altenborg  the  nieiin 
temperature  is  only  42.5°  Fahr.  Soil  fertile  in  grain,  and 
cultivated  with  great  care;  the  chief  crop  is  rye;  wheat 
and  barley  are  grown  in  the  valleys,  oats  and  potatoes  in 
the  higher  districts.  Fruit  is  extensively  cultivated,  ond 
wine  of  inferior  quality  is  produced  from  the  vineyards  of 
the  Elbe.  The  forests,  which  cover  one-fourth  of  the  sur- 
face, furnish  excellent  timber.  The  breed  of  merino  sheep 
is  celebrated,  and  yields  valuable  wool,  much  of  wliich  is 
exported  to  England.  Cattle-breeding  is  important  in  the 
high  grounds,  and  sheep-breeding  for  wool,  which  is  excel- 
lent in  quality.  The  country  is  watered  by  the  Elbe,  which 
traverses  it  from  S.E.  to  N.W.,  entering  it  through  the 
range  of  the  Erz-Gobirge,  navigable  for  barges  and  small 
Steamers,  and  its  afSuents,  the  Little  Elstcr,  the  Zwickauer 
Muldc,  Zsuhopau,  Frciberger  Mulde,  Riider,  Sj)reo,  and 
Pleisse.  Saxony  is  rich  in  iron,  lead,  copjter,  silver,  cobalt, 
bismuth,  antimony,  and  coal.  Upwards  of  500  mines  are 
in  active  operation;  the  centre  of  the  mining  districts  is 
the  Freiberg.  Porcelain  clay,  marble,  and  building-stones 
are  abundant.  The  chief  manufacture  is  that  of  cotton. 
The  other  chief  branches  of  industry  are  linen-  and  woollen- 
weaving,  woollen-cloth-making,  including  merinocs  and 
delaines,  lace,  embroidery,  the  tine  porcelain  of  Meissen, 
called  Dresden  china,  paints  and  articles  for  decorative 
use  made  from  cobalt  ore,  and  pianos  and  other  musical 
instruments.  Commerce,  which  is  very  extensive,  especi- 
ally in  books  and  manufactured  goods  at  Leipsic,  is  facili- 
tated by  the  river  Elbe,  and  by  railways  from  Dresden  to 
Leipsic,  Halle,  Berlin,  «fec.  Public  instruction  is  well  de- 
veloped, the  proportion  being  one  pupil  to  every  six  of  the 
population  (99  of  every  100  children  capable  of  instruc- 
tion being  in  attendance  at  school),  and  the  University  of 
Leipsic  is  one  of  the  principal  in  Germany.  There  are  9 
normal  colleges.  The  electorate  of  Saxony,  created  in  1422, 
was  erected  into  a  kingdom  by  Napoleon  I.  in  1806,  who 
united  to  it  the  grand  duchy  of  Warsaw,  which,  along  with 
some  portions  of  the  Saxon  territories,  was  detached  from 
it  in  1815.  The  government  is  a  hereditary  limited  mon- 
archy. The  Prussian  army  entered  Dresden,  en  route  to 
Bohemia,  Juno  17,  and  a  treaty  of  peace  between  Saxony 
and  Prussia,  by  which  the  former  entered  the  North  Ger- 
man Confederation  and  Prussia  engaged  to  leave  the  king- 
dom of  Saxony  intact,  was   signed   September   21,  1806. 

Saxony  entered  the  empire  on  its  formation. Adj.  and 

inhab.  Sax'on  (Fr.  Saxon,  shx^bnf' ;  Sp.  Sa.ion,  si-non'; 
It.  Sassone,  sAs'so-ni;  Ger.  adj.  Sachsisch,  six'ish;  inhab. 
Sachse,  siK's^h). 

Saxony,  or  Prus'sian  Sax'ony,  a  province  of 
Prussia,  between  lat.  50°  27'  and  53°  5'  N.  and  Ion.  9°  50' 
and  15°  15'  E.,  having  on  the  N.E.  and  E.  the  province 
of  Brandenburg,  W.  Brunswick  and  the  provinces  of  Han- 
over and  Hesse-Nassau,  and  on  the  S.  the  duchies  and 
kingdom  of  Saxony,  enclosing  Anhalt  and  Schwarzburg- 
Rudolstadt,  and  having  many  outlying  detached  districts. 
Area,  9748  square  miles.  Pop.  2,427,979.  The  Harz,  at 
the  W.  extremity,  is  a  mountainous  district;  elsewhere  the 
surface  is  level  and  watered  by  the  Elbe,  with  its  tributaries 
the  Saale,  Mulde,  and  Unstrut.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Corn, 
flax,  hemp,  hops,  tobacco,  madder,  and  chiccory  are  the  prin- 
cipal products;  vines  are  grown  on  the  banks  of  the  fcaale 
and  Elbe.  Sheep-breeding  is  extensively  carried  on,  and 
wool  is  a  principal  article  of  export.  The  province  has  coal-, 
iron-,  salt-,  and  copper-mines.  The  principal  manufactures 
are  fine  woollens,  linen  fabrics,  earthenwares,  paper,  beer, 
and  spirits.  It  is  divided  into  the  three  governments  of 
Magdeburg,  Erfurt,  and  Merseburg.     Capital,  Magdeburg. 

Sax'ton,  a  station  in  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Fred- 
erick division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  Hi  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Frederick. 

Saxton,  a  post-village  of  Buchanan  co..  Mo.,  on  tho 
Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  Railroad,  6^  miles  E.  of  St.  Joseph. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  union  school. 

Saxton,  a  post-ofiSce  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y. 

Saxton,  a  post-borough  in  Liberty  township,  Bedford 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Huntingdon  <fc  Broad  Top  Railroad,  25  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Huntingdon.  It  has  a  church  and  machine- 
shops  of  the  railroad.  Coal  is  mined  near  this  place.  A 
branch  railroad  extends  hence  to  Dudley.     Pop.  318. 

Saxton's  Rivera  a  post-village  in  Rockingham  town* 


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ghip,  Winilliam  co.,  Vt.,  on  a  small  river  of  its  own  name, 
about  4  miles  AV.  of  Bellows  Falls.  It  has  2  churches,  the 
Vermont  Academy  (richly  endowed),  a  woollen-factory,  a 
carriage-factory,  <fec.     Pop.  in  1880,  591. 

Saybrook,  sa'brook,  a  post-village  in  Old  Saybrook 
township,  Middlesex  co.,  Conn.,  on  Long  Island  Sound,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Connecticut  River,  32  uiiles  E.  of  New 
Haven.  It  is  at  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Connecticut  Valley 
Railroad,  and  near  the  Shore  Line  Railroad.  It  contains 
the  Seabury  Institute,  4  churches,  and  a  manufactory  of 
augers  and  gimlets. 

Saybrook,  a  township  of  Middlesex  co..  Conn.  Pop. 
1362.  It  contains  Deep  River  and  Winthrop.  See  also 
Old  Saybuook. 
Saybrook,  a  post-oflSce  of  Clay  co.,  S.  D. 
Saybrook,  a  post-village  in  Cheney's  Grove  township, 
McLean  co.,  III.,  on  the  Bloomington  division  of  the  Wa- 
bash Railroad,  26  miles  E.  of  Bloomington.  It  has  a  news- 
paper office,  a  bank,  a  money-order  post-oflSoe,  3  churches, 
a  llour-miil,  and  2  saw-mills. 

Saybrook,  a  post-village  in  Saybrook  township,  Ash- 
tabula CO.,  0.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  50  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Cleveland,  and  5  miles  S.W.  of  Ashtabula.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  cheese-factory.  The  township  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  Lake  Erie.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1421. 

Saybrook  Point,  a  post-village  in  Old  Saybrook 
township,  Middlesex  co.,  Conn.,  on  Long  Island  Sound,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Connecticut  River,  at  the  S.  terminus  of 
the  Connecticut  Valley  Railroad,  31  miles  E,  of  New  Haven. 
It  has  a  fine  summer  hotel, 

Sayda,  a  town  of  Saxony,    See  Saida. 
Sayersville,  sa'^rz-vil,  or  Saycrville,  sa'^r-vll,  a 
post-village  of  Middlesex   co.,  N.J.,   5  miles  W.S.W,  of 
South  Amboy.     It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
fire-bricks  and  other  bricks. 

Sayles  (salz)  Bleach'ery,  a  village  in  Lincoln  town- 
ship, Providence  oo.,  R.I.,  on  the  Providence  &  Worcester 
Railroad,  near  Pawtucket.  It  has  extensive  bleaohing- 
works,  a  graded  school,  and  a  union  chapel.     Pop.  450. 

Saylor,  sa'l^r,  a  township  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  691. 
See  Saylorsville. 

Saylorsburg,  8a'l9rz-barg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  16  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Easton.  It  has  a  grist- 
mill, a  saw-mill,  Ac. 

Saylorsville,  sa'lprz-vll,  a  post- village  in  Saylor  town- 
ship, Polk  CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Des  Moines  A  Minnesota  Rail- 
road, at  Saj'lor  Station,  Gi  miles  N.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has 
a  church. 

Sayn,  sine,  a  village  of  Prussia,  government  and  6 
miles  N.  of  Coblentz,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Brochse  and 
the  Saynbaoh.     Pop.  2231,  with  surroundings. 

Sayny,  or  Seiny,  si'nee,  a  town  of  Poland,  govern- 
ment of  Suvalki,  on  the  Niemcn,  here  joined  by  the  Sey- 
neczka,  18  miles  E.  of  Suvalki.  Pop.  4035.  It  has  a 
cathedral,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth  and  leather. 

Saypan,  or  Seypan,  si'pln',  one  of  the  Ladrone 
Islands,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  in  lat.  15°  19'  44"  N.,  Ion. 
146°  E.,  12  miles  in  length,  and  having  a  good  harbor  on 
its  W.  side. 

Sayre,  sa'^r,  a  post-village  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Susquehanna  River,  2  miles  above  Athens,  and  20  miles 
from  Elmira.  It  is  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Southern  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  which  here  connects  with  the  Lehigh  Valley 
Railroad  and  the  Geneva,  Ithaca  &  Sayre  Railroad,  19  miles 
S.W.  of  Owego.  It  has  a  foundry  for  car-wheels,  a  woollen- 
mill,  a  steam  planing-mill,  &o. 

Sayvilie,  sa'vil,  a  post-village  of  Sufl"olk  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Islip  township,  on  Great  South  Bay,  and  on  the  Southern 
Railroad  of  Long  Island,  4  miles  W.  of  Patchogue,  and  51 
miles  E.  of  Brooklyn.     It  has  4  churches,  several  summer 
boarding-houses,  a  ship-yard,  <fec.     It  is  mainly  supported 
by  the  fisheries.     Pop.  in  1880,  1529. 
Sayyidpur,  a  town  of  Bengal.    See  Syedpoor. 
Sazawa,  si-zi'<^i,  a  river  of  Bohemia,  after  a  W.N.W. 
course  of  95  miles,  joins  the  Moldau  12  miles  S.  of  Prague. 
Scaer,  skl*aiu',  a  market-town  of  France,  in  Finistfire, 
13  miles  N.N.W.  of  Quimperlg.     Pop,  729. 
"  Scafati,  sk3,-fi'tee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Sa- 
lerno, on  the  Sarno,  6  miles  W.  of  Nocera.     Pop.  7828. 
■   Scafell,  pronounced  and  sometimes  written  Scaw'- 
fell,  a  mountain  of  England,  in   Cumberland,  near  the 
borders  of  Westmoreland,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Ravenglass,  and 
having  two  summits  respectively  3166  and  3002  feet  in 
height.    The  river  Esk  rises  on  its  E.  side. 

Scala,  ski'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  8  miles 
W.  of  Salerno.     Pop.  1438. 
Scalabis,  an  ancient  name  of  Saktareu. 
152 


Scala  Xova,  8k3,'li  no'vi  (anc.  Neap'oUs),  a  town  of 
Asia  Minor,  at  the  head  of  the  Gulf  of  Scala  Nova,  40  miles 
S.  of  Smyrna.  Pop.  20,000.  It  stands  on  a  slope  rising 
from  the  sea.  The  principal  edifices  are  mosques,  khans, 
and  public  baths.  It  had  formerly  an  active  trade.  See 
Gulf  op  Scala  Nova. 

Scalaplano,  a  village  of  Sardinia.  See  Escalaplano. 
Scaldasole,  sk&l-d&-so'ld,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
of  Pavia.     Pop.  1094. 

Scaldis,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Scheldt. 
Scalea,  ski-ld,'&,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Calabria,  23 
miles  W.  of  Cassano.     Pop.  of  commune,  2011. 

Scalenghe,  ska,-16n'gi,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont, 
7  miles  E.  of  Pinerolo.     Pop.  4417. 

Scales  (skalz)  Moand,  a  post-village  in  Scales  Mound 
township,  Jo  Daviess  co..  111.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Rail- 
road, 12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Galena.  It  has  a  graded  school, 
3  churches,  and  a  carriage-factory.  Pop.  of  township,  748. 
Scalesville,  skalz'vil,  a  post-ofiiceof  Warrick  co.,  Ini. 
Scaletta,  skil-ldt'tS.,  a  village  of  Sicily,  on  its  £.  coast, 
13  miles  S.  of  Messina.     Pop.  1103. 

Scal'loway,  a  village  of  Scotland,  on  the  mainland  of 
Shetland,  at  the  head  of  Scalloway  Bay,  6  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Lerwick.  Pop.  625.  It  is  neatly  built,  and  has  a  good 
harbor. 

Scal'pa,  a  small  island  of  the  Hebrides,  in  Scotland, 
CO.  of  Inverness,  oif  the  E.  side  of  Skye.  Pop.  48.  Another 
Scalpa  (or  Scalp  ay)  lies  off  East  Loch  Tarbet,  in  Harris. 
Pop.  421. 

Scalpa  Flow,  a  sea-basin  among  the  Orkneys,  nearly 
enclosed  by  Pomona,  Burray,  South  Ronaldshay,  and  Hoy, 
and  containing  many  smaller  islands.  Length,  15  miles; 
breadth,  8  miles. 

Scalp  liBv'el,  a  post-village  in  Richland  township, 
Cambria  co..  Pa.,  about  30  miles  S.W.  of  Altoona.     It  ha» 
a  tannery,  a  saw-mill,  and  several  churches  and  stores. 
Scamander.    See  Bookarbashee  and  Mender. 
Scam'bler,  a  post-township  of  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn. 
Pop.  256. 

Scam'monville,  a  post-village  of  Cherokee  co., 
Kansas,  in  Mineral  township,  on  the  Missouri  River,  Fort 
Scott  &,  Gulf  Railroad,  1  mile  from  Stilson.  It  has  a  coal- 
mine. 

Scanderoon,  a  town  of  Syria.    See  Iskanderoox. 
Scandia,  skan'de-a,  a  post-village  in  Scandia  town 
ship,  Republic  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Republican  River,  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Concordia.     It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  a  flour-mill.    P.  (1880)  673;  of  township,  1139. 
Scandia,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Minn. 
Scandiano,  skin-de-i'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  12  miles 
S.W.  of  Modena,  on  the  Secchia.     Pop.  of  commune,  7742. 
Scandinavia,  skan-de-nd've-a,  the  classic  name   of 
the  great  peninsula  of  North  Europe,  consisting  of  Sweden 
and  Norway.     See  Sweden  and  Norway. 

Scan^dina'via,  a  post-office  of  Deuel  co.,  S.  D. 
Scandinavia,  a  post-office  of  Harlan  co..  Neb. 
Scandinavia,  a  post-village  in  Scandinavia  township, 
Waupaca  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Green  Bay  &  Minnesota  Rail- 
road, 35  miles  E.  of  Grand  Rapids,  and  8  miles  N.W.  of 
Waupaca.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1078. 

Scania,  skll'ne-&,  or  Sk&ne,  sko'n^h,  an  old  province 
of  Sweden,  at  its  S.  extremity,  now  subdivided  into  the  la;na 
of  Malmohus  and  Christianstad. 

Scanno,  sk&n'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Aquila. 
Pop.  2241. 

Scansano,  sk&n-s&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
12  miles  S.E.  of  Grosseto.     Pop.  3685. 

Scan'tic,  a  hamlet  of  Hartford  co..  Conn.,  10  mileg 
N.N.E.  of  Hartford,  and  J  of  a  mile  from  Osborn  Station. 
It  has  a  church. 

Scantic  River  rises  in  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  runs  in  a 
S.S.W.  direction,  and  enters  the  Connecticut  River  in  Hart- 
ford CO.,  Conn.,  about  9  miles  above  the  city  of  Hartford. 
Scaphusia,  the  Latin  name  of  Scbaffbausen. 
Scappoose,  skap-poos',  a  post-office  of  Columbia  co,, 
Oregon,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Portland. 

Scara,  an  island  of  Ireland.    See  Scaripf. 
Scarba,  skar'bi,  one  of  the  Hebrides,  in  Scotland,  co.  of 
Argyle,  ofl'  the  N.  end  of  Jura.     Length  and  breadth,  3 
miles  each.     Height  above  the  sea,  1500  feet. 

Scarbia,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Scharnitz. 
Scarborough,  skar'b'riih  or  skar'bur-ruh,  a  seaport 
town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  North  Riding,  on  a  headland 
extending  into  the  North  Sea  (lat.  of  light-house,  54°  17' 
N.,  Ion.  0°  23'  6"  AV.),  43  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  York.  It 
consists  of  numerous  streets,  lighted  with  gas,  rising  in  suo» 
cessive  tiers  from  the  shore  in  the  form  of  an  amphitheatre, 


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and  oontalns  elegant  tcrracet<,  crescents,  and  mansions.  It 
has  a  town  hall,  custom-house,  jail,  osseiubly-room  and 
tboatro,  several  churches  and  places  of  worship,  a  gram- 
mar-, Lanoosterian,  national,  and  various  other  sohools,  sev- 
eral hospitals,  ft  Mft-bnthing  inBrmary  for  poor  invalids, 
a  museum  of  geology  and  natural  history,  a  mechanics'  in- 
stitute, 2  public  libraries,  and  a  philosophical  society.  Scar- 
borough IS  much  frequented  for  sea-oathing,  and  for  its 
mineral  waters,  which  have  lung  been  in  repute.  These 
last  are  obtained  from  springs  on  the  sea-shore  under  a 
oliff,  and  are  approached  by  a  bridge  leading  across  a  ohosm 
400  feet  wide.  Scarborough  Harbor  is  used  as  a  place  of 
shelter  from  the  B.  gales,  is  easy  of  access,  and  safe  and 
commodious  within.  The  bay  is  protected  on  the  N.E.  by 
a  high  promontory,  on  the  summit  of  which,  300  feet  above 
sea-level,  are  the  ruins  of  the  castle  of  Scarborough.  The 
town  carries  on  a  limited  foreign  trade  and  considerable 
eoastwise  traffic.  The  fishery,  once  a  source  of  great  profit 
to  the  town,  has  declined.  The  borough  sends  two  mem- 
bers to  Parliament.     Pop.  in  13S1,  30,504. 

Scarborough,  the  capital  town  of  the  West  India 
island  of  Tobago,  on  its  S.E.  coast,  8  miles  S.W.  of  George- 
town.    Lat.  11°  6'  N.;  Ion.  60°  30'  W.     Pop.  1200. 

Scarborough,  skar'bilr-ruh,  a  post-village  of  Scriven 
CO.,  Ga.,  near  the  Ogeecheo  River,  on  the  Central  Railroad, 
70  miles  N.W.  of  Savannah.  It  has  2  churches  and  an 
uoadomy. 

Scarborough,  a  post-township  of  Cumberland  co..  Me. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Portland,  Saco  <fc  Portsmouth  and 
Boston  &  Maine  Railroads,  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the 
Atlantic  Ocean,  and  contains  a  summer  resort  called  Scar- 
borough Beach  or  Oak  Hill,  and  Dunston.  Pop.  1847. 
Scarborough  Post-OfBce  is  at  Dunston. 

Scarborough,  a  post- village  of  Westchester  co;,  N.Y., 
near  the  Hudson  River,  and  on  the  Hudson  River  Railroad, 
4  miles  N.  of  Tarrytown,  and  1  mile  S.  of  Sing  Sing.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Scarborough,  or  Scarbrongh,  skar'brilh,  a  post- 
hamlet  of  Anderson  co.,  Tenn.,  12  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Concord 
Station.     It  has  2  stores,  a  tannery,  and  2  grist-mills. 

Scarborough,  a  post-village  in  York  oo.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Toronto. 

Scarborough  Beach,  Maine.    See  Oak  Hill. 

Scarborough  Islands,  or  Los  Buenos  Jar- 
dines,  loce  bw4'noce  uan-dee'nSs,  a  group  of  islands  in 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  N.W.  of  the  Marshall  Islands.  Lat.  21° 
40'  N.;  Ion.  151°  35'  E. 

Scarda,  skan'dS.,  a  small  island  of  Dalmatia,  circle  and 
about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Zara. 

Scardizza,  skaR-dit'si,  a  small  island  of  Dalmatia, 
circle  of  Zara,  3  miles  W.  of  Pago. 

Scardona,  skaR-do'n^,  or  Scradin,  skri-deen',  a 
town  of  Dalmatia,  6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Sebenico,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Kerka.  Pop.  8207.  It  is  a  bishop's  see. 
Under  the  Romans  it  was  the  capital  of  Liburnia. 

Scardona,  the  ancient  name  of  Isola  Grossa. 
.   Scar'iff,  or  Scara,  skah'ra,  a  small  island  of  Ireland, 
CO.  of  Kerry,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Hoghead. 

Scariff,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Clare,  on  the  Scariff, 
8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Killaloe. 

'  Scar'let's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Wilmington  <t  Reading  Railroad,  13  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Reading.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

•  Scarmagno,  skan-min'yo,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Turin, 
about  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ivrea.     Pop.  1027. 

Scarnafigi,  skan-ni-fee'jee,  or  Scarnafiggi,  skar- 
ni-fid'jee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Cunoo,  5  miles  N.E. 
Of  Saluzzo.     Pop.  2020. 

Scarp,  or  Scar'pa,  an  island  of  the  Outer  Hebrides, 
in  Scotland,  co.  of  Inverness.  It  is  a  rocky  mountain  of 
gneiss,  1000  feet  high  and  3  miles  long.     Pop.  156. 

Scarpanto,  skar'pin-to  (anc.  Car'pathot),  an  island 
of  the  Mediterranean,  belonging  to  Turkey,  28  miles  S.W. 
of  Rhodes.  Length,  30  miles;  breadth,  8  miles.  The  sur- 
face is  mountainous ;  iron  and  marble  are  the  principal 
products.  It  has  several  harbors,  the  largest,  Porto  Grande, 
being  on  its  W.  side.  At  its  N.  extremity  is  the  village  of 
Scarpanto. 

Scarpe,  skanp,  a  navigable  river  of  France,  rises  in  the 
department  of  Pas-de-Calais,  flows  E.  past  Arras,  Douai, 
Marchiennes,  and  Saint-Amand,  and  joins  the  Scheldt  at 
Mortagne,  on  the  frontier  of  Belgium.     Length,  25  miles. 

Scarperia,  skan-pA-ree'i,  or  Scarperia  di  Mu- 
gello,  skan-pi-ree'i  dee  moo-jfil'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
Tuscany,  province  and  16  miles  N.E.  of  Florence.  It  has 
a  manufactory  of  cutlery.     Pop.  6011. 

Scarsdale^  skars'dal,  a  post-hamlet  in  Scarsdale  town- 


ship, Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Now  York  A  Harlem 
Railroad,  about  20  miles  N.  by  E.  of  New  York.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  530. 

Scary,  West  Virginia.    See  Mourn  of  Scart. 

Scat'ary,  an  islet  of  British  North  America,  off  the  E. 
coost  of  the  island  of  Cape  Breton.  Lat.  43°  N. ;  Ion.  59° 
41'  W.     Length,  from  E.  to  W.,  6  miles;  breadth,  2  miles. 

Scattery,  an  island  of  Ireland.    See  Inniscattbuv. 

Scavenia,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Skaqen. 

Scawfell,  England.     See  Scafkll. 

Sccaux,  s5,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Seine,  6 
miles  S.  of  Paris  by  railway.     Pop.  2460. 

Scene  ga,  sen'e-ga,  a  post-oflice  of  Ventura  co.,  Cal. 

Scenery  Ilil  I,  Washington  CO.,  Pa.  See  HiLLSBOHorcn. 

Sccrni,  sh^R'nce,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Chicti,  7 
miles  W.  of  II  Vasto.     Pop.  2842. 

Scey-8Ur-Sa6nc,  s&-sUn-sOn,  a  town  of  France,  in 
Haute-SaOne,  on  the  SaOne,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Vesoul. 

Schaafhcim,  shilfhime,  a  town  of  Hesse,  8  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Dieburg.     Pop.  1484. 

Schaal,  a  lake  of  Germany.    See  Schalu 

Schadrinsk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Shadrinsk. 

Schaetl'erstown,  Pennsylvania.  SeeSHAEKFERsrowx. 

Schaerbeek,  sK&R'bM<,  a  town  of  Belgium,  un  the 
Senne,  in  the  immediate  neighborhood  N.N.E.,  and  properly 
a  suburb,  of  Brussels.  It  contains  a  great  number  ot  fine 
mansions  of  recent  date.     Pop.  34,177. 

Schafa,  shS,'f&,  or  Schatfern,  shJlff^m,  a  town  of 
Moravia,  14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Znaim.     Pop.  1218. 

Schaffen,  shif'f^n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Brabant, 
on  the  Demer,  34  miles  N.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  2100. 

Schatfhauscn,  shiff-hSw'z^n  (Fr.  Schaffonae,  or 
Schaffhouse,  shiPfooz' ;  L.  Scaphu'tia),  the  northernmost 
canton  of  Switzerland,  N.  of  the  Rhine,  which  separates  it 
from  the  cantons  of  Zurich  and  Thurgau,  and  enclosed  by 
the  grand  duchy  of  Baden.  Area,  116  square  miles.  Pop. 
38,925,  nearly  all  Protestants.  The  surface  is  undulating. 
Soil  fertile.  The  transit  trade  is  important,  and  the  capital 
town  is  a  principal  entrepot  for  goods  passing  between  Ger- 
many and  Switzerland.  The  principal  towns  are  Schaff- 
hnu!<cn  and  Beringen.  The  government  is  democratic, 
consisting  of  a  grand  council  or  legislative  body,  chosen  by 
the  male  inhabitants,  and  the  petty  or  executive  council, 
composed  of  24  members  of  the  grand  council,  and  presided 
over  by  a  burgomaster,  who  is  elected  annually. 

Schaffhauscn,  the  capital  of  the  above  canton,  is  situ- 
ated on  the  right  bank  of  the  Rhine,  and  on  the  Basel-Con- 
stance Railway,  23  miles  N.E.  of  Zurich.  Pop.  12,479.  It 
is  enclosed  by  old  walls,  and  defended  by  a  citadel  on  an 
adjacent  height,  on  the  site  of  an  ancient  Roman  fortress. 
The  houses  are  antiquated  and  of  curious  architecture. 
Principal  edifice,  the  minster,  a  large  cathedral.  It  has  a 
college  and  a  town  library,  and  manufactures  of  cotton 
stuffs,  files,  and  cutlery.  It  communicates  by  steamers  with 
Constance.  The  Falls  of  Schaffhauscn,  a  cataract  of  the 
Rhine,  3  miles  S.S.W.  of  the  town,  has  a  total  descent  of 
about  100  feet,  and  is  one  of  the  most  imposing  phenomena 
of  its  kind  in  Europe. 

Schafstedt,  shiPstStt,  or  Schaafstadt,  shlff'stMt,  a 
town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Merseburg. 

Schagen,  sKi'gh^n,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
North  Holland,  11  miles  N.  of  Alkmaar.     Pop.  2102. 

Schaghticoke,  skat'i-kSok^,  a  township  of  Rensselaer 
CO.,  N.Y.,  with  a  station  on  the  Troy  &  Boston  Railroad, 
12  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Troy.  Pop.  3275.  The  township 
contains  Hart's  Falls  (formerly  Schaghticoke). 

Schaghticoke  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Schaghticoke  township,  i  mile  from  the  Troy  <fc  Boston 
Railroad.     It  has  a  church. 

Schall,  shil,  or  Schaal,  sh&l,  a  lake  of  North  Ger- 
many, partly  in  Lauenburg  and  partly  in  Mecklcnburg- 
Schwcrin,  9  miles  in  length  by  2  miles  in  breadth. 

Schall's,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  Mo. 

Schamachi,  Russia.    See  Shamaka. 

Schanck  (shank),  01ount,at.'ible-shapedhillof  Soutt). 
Australia,  near  the  coast,  in  lat.  37°  55'  S.,  Ion.  139°  49'  E. 
It  rises  at  an  abrupt  angle  to  the  height  of  800  or  900  feet, 
and  has  on  its  summit  3  craters.  Lava  and  other  volcanic 
products  are  scattered  around  it. 

Schanck's  (shanks)  Island,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean. 
Lat.  0°25'S.;  Ion.  163°  E. 

Schandau,  shin'dow,  a  town  of  Saxony,  31  miles  S.E. 
of  Dresden,  on  the  Elbe.     Pop.  3111. 

Schilnis,  a  village  of  Switzerland.    See  Schennis. 

Schapville,  skap'vil,  a  hamlet  of  Jo  Daviess  co..  111., 
7  miles  S.  of  Scales  Mound  Station.  It  has  a  church.  Her* 
is  Houghton  ^ost-Office. 


sen 


2411 


SCH 


Schilrding)  or  Scheerding,  shaiR'ding,  a  town  of 
Austria,  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Passau,  on  the  Inn.    Pop.  2962. 

Scharditz,  shau'dits,  or  Sardice,  sau-deet'si,  a  vil- 
l.igeof  Austria,  in  Moravia,  circle  of  Hradisch.    Pop.  1150. 

ScharnitZ,  shan'nits  (anc.  Scar'bia,  or  Por'ta  Clati'- 
(lia  ?),  a  village  and  pass  in  the  Tyrol,  10  miles  N.W.  of 
Innspruck,  and  the  scene  of  a  combat  between  the  French 
and  Tyroleso  in  1S09. 

Schassburg,  shfiss'bSoKG,  or  Segesvar,  shi'gesh^- 
vlu',  a  town  of  Transylvania,  in  Saxonland,  on  the  Great 
Kcikol,  24  miles  E.S.E.  of  Maros-Vls.trhely.  Pop.  8204. 
It  has  a  gymnasium,  manufactures  of  woollens  and  linens, 
and  an  extensive  trade. 

Schat-cl-(orScliat-ul-) Arab.  See Shat-el-Arab. 

Scliatsk,  a  town  of  Kussia.    See  Siiatsk. 

Schattau,  shit'tow,  or  Satow,  si'tov,  a  town  of  Mo- 
ravia, 5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Znaim.     Pop.  1795. 

Schatter,  shifter,  a  river  of  Baden,  after  a  course  of 
36  miles,  joins  the  Kinzig  at  Kehl. 

Schatul'ga,  a  station  in  Chattahoochee  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Southwestern  Railroad,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Columbus. 

Schatzlar,  shits'lar,  Bernstadt,  biun'stitt,  or 
Barnstadt,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  .33  miles  N.  of  Konig- 
gratz. 

Schaumburg-Lippe,  shSwm'boSRG  lip'p9h,  a  prin- 
cipality of  Germany,  enclosed  by  the  Prussian  provinces  of 
Ilesse-Nassau,  Hanover,  and  Westphalia,  exclusive  of  some 
detached  lordships.  Area,  171  square  miles.  The  surface 
is  hilly  in  the  S.,  and  flat  in  the  N.,  where  the  Steinbudcr 
Lake  occupies  about  22,000  acres.  The  principal  river  is 
the  Weser.  The  inhabitants  are  mostly  Lutherans,  and 
employed  in  agricultural  industry,  coal-mines,  and  the 
manufacture  of  linens.  The  principal  towns  are  Biicke- 
burg  (the  capital)  and  Stadthagen.     Pop.  33,133. 

Schazk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Shatsk. 

Schebrak,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Zbbrak. 

Scheemda,  sicAm'di,  or  Scheemder,  8K4m'd?r,  a 
village  of  the  Netherlands,  province  and  16  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Groiiingen.     Pop.  4061. 

Scheer,  shaiR,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  4  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Sigmaringen.     Pop.  1139. 

Scheerding,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  SchXrding. 

Schehallion.    See  Schihallion. 

Scheibenberg,  8hi'b?n-b5HG\  a  village  of  Saxony,  6 
miles  E.  of  Schwarzenberg.  Pop.  2270.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  lace,  and  mines  of  silver,  cobalt,  tin,  and  iron. 

Scheideck,  shi'dfik,  a  mountain  of  Switzerland,  canton 
of  Bern,  in  the  Oberland,  8  miles  S.  of  Brienz.  Height 
above  the  sea,  6473  feet.  Lksser  Schkideck,  or  Wengern 
Alp,  'ft5ng'§rn  ilp,  is  a  mountain  S.W.  of  the  above,  be- 
tween Lauterbrunnen  and  Grindelwald. 

Scheldt,  skfilt,  often  pronounced  sh5ld  (Dutch,  Schelde, 
SKfil'd?h;  Fr.  Eacaut,  fis'ko';  Sp.  Escalda,  ds-kil'd^;  anc. 
Scal'dia),  a  river  of  Europe,  rises  in  the  French  depart- 
ment of  Aisne,  flows  N.E.  through  the  department  of  Nord 
and  the  Belgian  provinces  of  Hainaut  and  East  Flanders 
to  Antwerp,  where  it  turns  N.AV.  and  enters  the  North  Sea, 
in  the  Dutch  province  of  Zealand,  by  two  mouths,  the  East 
and  West  Scheldt,  which  enclose  the  two  islands  of  Bove- 
land  and  Walcheren.  Total  course,  200  miles.  In  its  lower 
part  it  tr.-iverses  a  flat  country  and  its  banks  are  fenced  by 
dikes.  Affluents,  the  Scarpe,  Lys,  and  Durme  from  the 
W.,  and  the  Dender  and  Rupel  from  the  E.  It  is  naviga- 
ble nearly  throughout,  and  connected  by  canals  with  the 
Somme,  Seine,  and  Loire,  and  the  principal  cities  and  towns 
of  Belgium,  and  it  is  of  high  commercial  importance. 

Schelestadt,  a  town  of  Alsace.    See  Schlettstadt. 

Schelikof,  or  Schelikow.     See  Sheukoff. 

Schelibourne,  sheH'bfirn,  a  post-hamlet  of  White 
Pine  CO.,  Nev.,  70  miles  E.N.E.  of  Eureka,  and  55  miles 
N.W.  of  Hamilton.     Silver  is  found  near  it. 

Schell  (shell)  City,  a  post-village  of  Vernon  co..  Mo., 
on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  City  <fc  Texas  Railroad,  18  miles 
N.E.  of  Nevada,  .and  1  mile  from  the  Osage  River.  It  has 
a  church,  a  plough-factory,  and  a  wagon-shop.  Coal  is 
found  near  this  place.    Pop.  in  1880,  676. 

Schelic,  cK^l'l^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  7 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Antwerp,  on  the  Scheldt.     Pop.  1648. 

Schellebelle,  SKSl'l^h-bSri^h,  a  village  of  Belgium, 
on  the  Scheldt,  9  miles  E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  1925. 

Schellenberg,  shfiri§n-b5RG\  a  village  of  Bavaria,  6 
miles  S.W.  of  Salzburg.  Here,  in  1764,  Marlborough  de- 
feated the  Duke  of  Bavaria. 

Schenenberg,a  town  of  Saxony,  8  miles  E.  of  Chem- 
nitz,    Pop.  1865. 

Schel  I  in  g.   See  Tebschelling  and  Wester  Schellino. 

ScheH's,  shelz,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  Mo. 


Schell sburg,  shelz'biirg,  a  post-borough  of  Bedford 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Napier  township,  4  miles  from  Mann's  Choice 
Station,  and  9  miles  W.  of  liedford.  It  has  4  churches,  an 
institute,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  342. 

Schemachi,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Shamaka. 

Schemnitz,  shSm'nits  (Hun.  Selmecz  Banya,  shSl'- 
mfits'  bin'yoh^),  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Honth,  on  the 
Schemnitz,  3300  feet  above  the  sea,  45  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Gran.  Lat.  48°  27'  N. ;  Ion.  18°  58'  E.  Pop.  14,029.  It 
has  a  school  of  mining,  founded  in  1 760  by  Maria  Theresa 
and  having  200  students.  The  mines  of  Schemnitz,  partly 
belonging  to  the  crown,  extend  under  the  town,  and  furnish 
consider.able  quantities  of  gold,  silver,  lead,  copper,  iron, 
sulphur,  and  arsenic.  All  the  imperial  mines  are  connected 
with  one  another,  offering  in  their  whole  extent  a  subter- 
ranean passage  nearly  3i  miles  long.  Below  the  mines 
is  the  adit  of  Joseph  II.,  a  magnificent  work,  12  feet  in 
height  by  10  feet  in  breadth,  extending  from  Chemnitz  to 
the  valley  of  Gran,  10  miles ;  it  may  be  used  either  as  a 
canal  or  as  a  railway. 

Schenck's,  skenks,  a  station  in  Butler  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Dayton  Railroad,  2  miles  S.  of 
Hamilton. 

Schenck's,  Bucks  co..  Pa.    See  Bridgewater. 

Schendeibeke,  SKfin'd?l-bi^keh,  a  village  of  Belgium, 
on  the  Dender,  24  miles  S.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  2480, 

Schendi,  a  town  of  Nubia.    See  Shendy. 

Schenectady,  sk?n-Sk'ta-de,  a  county  in  the  E.  part 
of  New  York,  has  an  area  of  about  200  square  miles.  It  i) 
intersected  by  the  Mohawk  River,  and  bounded  on  the  W. 
by  the  Schoharie  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  uneven. 
The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Oats,  hay,  butter,  maize,  and 
pocatoes  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed 
by  the  Erie  Canal  and  the  New  York  Central  and  Albany 
&  Susquehanna  Railroads.  Capital,  Schenectady.  Valua- 
tion of  real  and  personal  estate,  $15,651,240.  Pop.  in  1870, 
21,347,  of  wFiom  17,661  were  Americans ;  in  1880,  23,538. 

Schenectady,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Schenectady  co., 
N.Y.,  is  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Mohawk  River,  and  on  the 
Erie  Canal,  17  miles  N.W,  of  Albany,  and  78  miles  E,  by 
S.  of  Utica.  Lat.  42°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  73°  55'  W.  It  is  on 
the  New  York  Central,  Albany  <S;  Susquehanna,  and  Rens- 
selaer &  Saratoga  Railroads.  It  is  the  seat  of  Union 
College,  or  Union  University,  which  was  founded  in  1795 
and  has  9  endowed  professorships  and  a  library  of  18,000 
volumes.  A  costly  stone  edifice  has  recently  been  erected 
for  this  library.  Schenectady  contains  14  churches,  a  city 
hall,  2  high  schools,  a  national  bank,  2  other  banks,  2  large 
m.anufactories  of  machinery  and  engines  and  boilers,  1  or 
2  woollen-mills,  2  flour-mills,  manufactories  of  locomo- 
tives, shawls,  threshing-machines,  stoves,  and  brooms,  and 
printing-offices  which  issue  2  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers. 
There  is  a  school  of  civil  engineering  and  analytical  chem- 
istry connected  with  the  college.  The  manufacture  of 
brooms  is  one  of  the  chief  industries  of  this  city.  Schen- 
ectady was  chartered  as  a  city  in  1798,  Pop,  in  I860; 
9579;  in  1870,  11,026;  in  1880,  13,655. 

Schenevus,  sken'e-vfis,  a  post-village  in  Maryland 
township,  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Schenevus  Creek  and  the 
Albany  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  67  miles  W.  by  S.  of 
Albany,  and  about  11  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cooperstown.  It 
contains  a  graded  school,  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
bank,  a  tannery,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  549. 

Schenevus  Creek,  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  runs  southwest- 
ward,  and  enters  the  Susquehanna  River, 

Schenk-Lengsfeld,  Germany.    See  Lencsfeld. 

Schenley  (shen'le)  Station,  a  post-village  of  Arms- 
strong  CO.,  Pa.,  in  Alleghany  township,  on  the  Alleghany 
River,  and  on  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  30  miles  N.E. 
of  Pittsburg. 

Schennis,  shdn'nis,  or  Schclnis,  shi'nis,  a  village  of 
Switzerland,  canton  and  24  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Gall,  on  the 
Linth.     Pop.  1893. 

Scheppenstedt,  Germany.    See  Schoppensteut. 

Scherau,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Wscherau. 

Schererville,  sha'r^r-vil  or  she'r?r-vil,  a  post-hamlet 
of  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Columbus,  Chicago  A  Indiana 
Central  Railroad,  34  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Chicago,  It  has  a 
church.     The  inhabitants  are  Germans, 

Scherpenheuvel,  the  Flemish  for  Mostaigo. 

Schcrweiler,  shSR'^-i-l^r,  or  Scherviller,  shfiR*. 
veel'laiR',  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  3  miles  N.W. 
of  Schlettstadt.     Pop.  2628, 

Scheskejew,or  Scheschkejew.    See  Sheshkiyet, 

Schesslitz,  or  Schdsslitz,  shSss'lits,  a  town  of  Ba- 
varia, in  Upper  Franconia,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Bamberg. 

Scheveningen,  sKi'v§n-ing'Hfn,  or  Schevingeu* 


son 


ti\2 


ecu 


•xAv'ing-fn,  a  watoring-plaoe  of  the  Kotherlnnda,  in  South 
Holland,  on  tho  North  Sea,  2  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  the 
Hague.     It  has  largo  fisheries.     Pop.  7713. 

Schialkowitz,  she-&l'ko-^its\  or  SialkowicCf  se- 
&l-ko-^eet's4,  Alt,  ilt,  and  Nku,  noi,  two  nearly  contig- 
ttoua  Till»g«i  of  Prussia,  in  Silesia,  government  of  Oppoln. 
Fop.  2284. 

Schiavit  ike-ft'To*,  a  town  of  Italy,  provineo  of  Caserto, 
4  miles  S.S.B.  of  Sora.    Pop.  1740. 

Schiavif  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Chieti,  24  miles 
6.8. W.  of  II  Vasto.     Pop.  of  commune,  3861. 

Schibin,  a  town  of  Egypt.    Seo  Shkydbcit. 

Schie,  8K00,  a  river  of  the  Netherlands,  flows  Into  the 
Mouse  below  Schiedam. 

Schiedam,  sicee-dftm'  (t.«.,  tho  "dam  of  the  Sohie"), 
a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  South  Holland,  on  tho  Schie, 
an  affluent  of  tho  Mouse,  5  miles  W.  of  Rotterdam  by  rail- 
way. Lat.  510  55'  jj, .  io„^  40  24'  E.  The  town  is  regu- 
larly built,  and  has  broad  streets,  many  good  houses,  and 
numerous  canals,  one  of  which  unites  the  Schie  with  the 
Meuse  and  presents  on  its  banks  a  pleasant  promenade 
named  the  Plantaadje.  It  was  formerly  fortified,  but  of  its 
four  gates  only  the  remains  of  one  now  exist ;  and  along 
the  site  of  the  walls  stand  elegant  com-  and  malt-mills. 
The  chief  edifices  and  institutions  are  the  town  hall,  tho 
exchange  (tho  finest  building  in  the  town),  tho  Doclon,  or 
gathering-place,  the  Musis  Sacrum,  an  elegant  concert  hall, 
the  churches,  Latin,  drawing,  commercial,  and  other  schools, 
a  public  library,  a  physical  and  a  musical  society,  numorous 
hospitals  for  the  sick,  for  orphans,  and  for  aged  men  and 
women,  and  other  benevolent  institutions.  The  manufac- 
tures of  Schiedam  include  copper  and  iron  castings,  white 
lead  and  litharge,  linen-weaving  and  flax-spinning;  it  has 
also  vinegar-works,  breweries,  rope-walks,  and  building- 
yards  ;  but  it  is  most  noted  for  its  production  of  gin  and 
other  liquors.  There  are  220  distilleries  in  the  town  and  its 
vicinity.  Large  numbers  of  swine  are  fattened  on  the  re- 
fuse of  the  distilleries.  Besides  tho  trade  in  gin,  Schiedam 
has  a  considerable  commerce  in  grain  and  coals.    P.  24,S44. 

Schiedam  (ske-dim')  Islands,  a  group  of  the  Malay 
Archipelago,  in  the  Sea  of  Flores,  90  miles  N.  of  Flores. 

Schierling,  sheoR'ling,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  an  island 
formed  by  the  Qross  Labor,  about  14  miles  S.  of  Ilatisbon. 
Near  it,  on  April  20,  1809,  the  Austrians  were  defeated  by 
the  French.     Pop.  1659. 

Schiermonnik-Oog,  SKeeR'mon-nik-Og\  an  island 
in  the  North  Sea,  belonging  to  the  Netherlands,  in  Fries- 
land,  10  miles  E.  of  Ameland.  Length,  S  miles;  breadth, 
2  miles.     Pop.  lOSO,  engaged  in  fishing. 

Schiers,  shccKs,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  in  Grisons,  on 
the  Landquart.  11  miles  N.N.E.  of  Chur.     Pop.  1737. 

Schierstein,  sheeR'stine,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Ilesse- 
Nassau,  on  the  Khine,  3  miles  S.S.W.  of  Wiesbaden.  Pop. 
2138.     It  has  manufactures  of  wine. 

Schievelbein,  or  Schiefelbein,  shce'f$l-bine\  a 
town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  36  miles  S.W.  of  Coslin,  on 
the  Rega.     Pop.  5638. 

Schifferstadt,  shif'f?r-st8,tt',  a  village  of  Rhenish 
Bavaria,  6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Speyer.  Pop.  4027.  The  Aus- 
trians were  defeated  here  by  the  French  in  1794. 

Schihal'lion,  or  Schehal'lion,  a  mountain  of  Scot- 
land, 00.  of  Perth,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Loch  Rannoch.  Ele- 
vation, 3564  feet. 

Schilda,  shil'di,  or  Schildau,  shil'dSw,  a  town  of 
Prussian  Saxony,  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mersebnrg.     P.  1489. 

Schildberg,  shilfbdno,  Schimbcrg:,  shim'b^RO,  or 
tSsimperk,  sim'pdRk,  a  town  of  Austria,  fn  Moravia,  36 
miles  N.W.  of  Olmutz.     Pop.  1780. 

Schildberg  (Polish,  Oatreetzoto,  ost-zhi'shov),  a  town 
of  Prussian  Poland,  83  miles  S.E.  of  Posen.  Pop.  2875. 
It  has  tanneries. 

Schildesche,  shil'dish-^h,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in 
Westphalia,  23  miles  S.W.  of  Minden,  on  the  Aa.  P.  3148. 

Sctiildkroteninseln.    See  Galapagos. 

Schilka,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Shilka. 

Schiller,  shil'l^r,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  co.,  Wis., 
about  6  milos  E.  of  Green  Bay. 

Schiller  Park,  a  station  of  the  Philadelphia,  Newtown 
&  New  York  Railroad,  6  miles  N.E.  of  West  Philadelphia. 

Schilling  (shil'ling)  Lake,  in  East  Prussia,  4  miles 
E.  of  Osterode,  8  miles  in  length  by  1  mile  in  width. 

Schiltach,  shil't&K,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the  Kinzig, 
here  joined  by  the  Schiltach,  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Freuden- 
Btadt.     Pop.  1453. 

Schiltigheim,  shi1'tia-hlme%  a  village  of  Germany, 
in  Alsace,  1  mile  N.  of  Strasburg.     Pop.  5653. 

Schimberg,  Austria.    See  ScniLDOERa. 


Schiiitznach,  or  Schinznach,  shints'n&K,  a  villagt 
of  Switiorlund,  canton  of  Aargau,  on  the  Aar,  4  miles  S.H^ 
of  Brugg.  The  Sehintinach  or  llapsburg  baths  are  tbt 
most  frequented  in  Switzerland.  Tlie  waters  are  saline^ 
and  have  a  temperature  of  60°  Fahr.     Poj).  1167. 

Schiuusa,  the  ancient  name  of  Ski.no. 

Schio,  skee'o,  a  town  of  Italy,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Vt. 
cenza.  Pop.  5597.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollens,  and 
near  it  are  lead-  and  iron-mines. 

Schippenbeil,  8hip'pQn-bIle\  a  town  of  East  Prussia, 
36  milos  S.S.E.  of  Konigsberg.     Pop.  3155. 

Schiras,  a  city  of  Persia.     See  Siikkraz. 

Schir{;is\valde,  shCCR'ghis-viArdflh,  a  town  of  Sax- 
ony, 6  miles  S.  of  Bautzen,  on  the  Spree.     Pop.  2569. 

Schirwan,  or  Schirvan,  Russia.    See  Shirva.'v. 

Schirwiiid,  or  Schirwindt,  shSgR'^^Int,  a  river  of 
Prussia,  rises  in  Poland,  and,  forming  part  of  tho  boundary 
between  the  Russian  and  Prussian  territories,  after  a  course 
of  about  50  miles,  joins  the  Szeszuppe. 

Schirwind,  or  Schirwindt,  a  town  of  East  Prussia, 

19  miles  E.N.E.  of  Gumbinnen.     Pop.  1293. 
Schistab,  a  town  of  Bulgaria.     See  Sistota. 
Scliitomir,  a  town  of  Poland.     See  Zhitomeer. 
Schiurschewo,   lloumania.     See  GiuitcEvo. 
Schizdra,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Zhizdra. 
Schkciiditz,  shkoi'dits,  a  town  uf  Prussian  Saxony, 

on  tho  Elster,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Ilalle,  on  the  Magdeburg 
Railway.     Pop.  4203. 

Schkdicn,  shkij'l^n,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  23 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Morseburg.     Pop.  2042. 

Schlackenwerth,  shlik'k^n-^fint^  or  Ostrov,  os'- 
trov,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Elbogcn. 

Schladen,  shli'dqn,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover, 
27  miles  E.S.E.  of  Uildeshcim,  on  the  Oker,  and  on  the 
Brunswick  Railway.     Pop.  2016. 

Schlaggenwald,  Schlackenwald,  shl&k'k^n- 
■*llt\  or  Slawkow,  sliv'kov,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  5  miles 
S.E.  of  Elbogen.     Pop.  4213. 

Schlan,  shl&n,  or  Slany,  sl&'nee,  a  town  of  Bohemia, 

20  miles  N.W.  of  Prague.  It  has  manufactures  of  hard- 
ware, woollen  cloth,  cotton  goods,  <fec.     Pop.  7422. 

Schlangenbad,  8hlfi.ng'fn-b3.t\  a  spa  of  Prussia,  in 
Hesse-Nassau,  6  miles  W.N.  W.  of  Wiesbaden.  It  has  warm 
saline  baths,  with  good  accommodations  for  visitors. 

Schlanstadt,  shlin'stitt,  a  village  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
23  miles  W.S.W.  of  Magtleburg.     Pop.  2131. 

Schlapanitz,  shli'pi-nits^  or  Lopenitz,  lo'p^h- 
nits\  a  town  of  Aloravia,  6  miles  E.S.E.  of  Briinn. 

Schlatterville,  shlat't^r-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pierce 
CO.,  Ga.,  on  the  Brunswick  &  Albany  Railroad,  50  miles  W. 
of  Brunswick.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufivctures  of  pine 
lumber  and  naval  stores. 

Schlawe,  shli'-fr^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania, 
23  miles  E.N.E.  of  Coslin,  on  the  Wipper.     Pop.  5141. 

Schleb,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Zleb. 

Schlegel,  shli'gh^l,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia,  47 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  3803. 

Schlei,  or  Schleswiger  Fiord.    See  Sley,  The. 

Schleisingerville,  shli'sing-^r-vll,  a  post-village  of 
Washington  co..  Wis.,  in  Polk  township,  on  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  33  miles  N.W.  of  Milwau- 
kee. It  has  3  churches,  several  stores,  a  brewery,  and  a 
plough-factory.     Pop.  380. 

Schleithal,  shli'til  (Fr.  pron.  shliHil'),  a  village  of 
Germany,  in  Lower  Alsace.     Pop.  1846. 

Schleitheim,  shllt'hime,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  7  miles  N.W.  of  Schaflhausen,  near  the  foot  of 
the  Randen.     Pop.  2334. 

Schleitz,  or  Schleiz,  shiits,  a  town  of  Germany,  cap- 
ital of  Reuss-Schleitz,  on  the  Wiesenthal,  24  miles  S.W.  of 
Gera.  Pop.  4803.  Principal  edifices,  the  palace,  a  college, 
and  a  normal  school.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  and 
cotton  fabrics,  leather,  and  beer.  Near  it  are  Luisenthal 
and  Heinrichsruhe,  summer  residences  of  the  prince. 

Schlesien,  a  province  of  Prussia.     See  Silesia. 

Schieswig,  Prussia.     See  Sleswick. 

Schles'wig,  township,  Manitowoc  co..  Wis.   Pop.  1958. 

Schlettau,  shlfit'tCw,  a  town  of  Saxony,  6  miles  E.S.E. 
of  GrUnhain.     Pop.  2372. 

Schlettstadt,  shlSt'stit  {Fr.  SchSUstadt,  shiMis'tid'), 
a  town  of  Germany,  in  Lower  Alsace,  26  miles  by  rail  S.W. 
of  Strasburg.  It  has  manufactures  of  cottons,  linens,  chem- 
icals, oil,  beer,  spirits,  leather,  gloves,  Ac.     Pop.  9088. 

Schleusingen,  shloi'sing-§n,  a  walled  town  of  Prus- 
sian Saxony,  35  miles  W.S.W.  of  Erfurt,  on  the  Schleuse. 
Pop.  3374.  It  has  a  castle,  and  manufactures  of  woollens, 
hosiery,  white  load,  and  paper. 


li^lM 


sen 


2413 


sen 


Schley»  sbll,  a  county  in  the  W.S.W.  part  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  240  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
JIuckalee  Creek  and  other  affluents  of  Flint  River,  The 
surface  is  nearly  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn 
are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Ellaville.  Valuation  of 
real  and  personal  estate,  $1,016,548.  Pop.  in  1870,  6129, 
of  whom  5124  were  natives;  in  1880,  5302. 

Schlichter,  shlish't§r,  a  post-office  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa., 
32  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia. 

Schlieben,  shlee'b§n,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  20 
miles  N.E.  of  Torgau.     Pop.  1882. 

Schliengen,  shleen'gh^n,  or  Schling'en,  a  market- 
town  of  Baden,  4  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mulbeim.  Pop.  1242. 
^  1796  the  French  were  defeated  here  by  Archduke  Charles. 

Schlierbach,  shleen'biK,  or  Mariensaal,  mi-ree'- 
?n-s5.r  (L.  Au'la  Bea'tx  Vir'ginis),  a  village  of  Austria,  in 
the  valley  of  Krems,  on  the  Danube,  17  miles  S.W.  of 
Steyer,  with  a  Cistercian  monastery  founded  in  1371  as  a 
nunnery  and  a  hospital.     Pop.  914. 

Schlierbach,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg,  6  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Goppingen.     Pop.  1410. 

Schlitz,  shlits,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Hesse,  province 
of  Ober-Hessen,  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Giessen.     Pop.  2423. 

Schlochau,  shlo'Kow,  or  Schlochow,  shlo'xov,  a 
town  of  AVest  Prussia,  65  miles  W.  of  Marienwcrdcr.  Pop. 
3083.     It  has  manufactures  of  linen  and  woollen  cloth. 

Schloppe,  shlop'p?h,  or  Sczloppa,  shlop'pi,  a  town 
of  Prussia,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Deutsch-Krone.     Pop.  1895, 

Schlossberg,  a  town  of  Transylvania.    See  I)eva. 

Schloss  Vippach,  shloss  vip'piK,  a  town  of  Saxe- 
Weiraar,  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Weimar,  on  the  Vippach. 

Schlosswyl,  a  village  of  Switzerland.    See  Weil. 

Schlotheim,  shlot'bime,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt,  on  the  Notter,  13  miles  S.W.  of 
Sondershausen.     Pop.  1937. 

Schiiichtern,  shlilK't^m,  a  town  of  Prussia,  31  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Hanau.     Pop.  2274. 

Schluckenau,  8hlS5k'kfh-n5w\  Schlottenau, 
shlot't?h-n5w\  or  SlukenoAV,  sloo'k§h-n6w\  a  town  of 
Bohemia,  37  miles  N.N.E.  of  Leitmeritz.     Pop.  4349, 

Schluersburg)  slu'^rs-bQrg,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Charles 
CO.,  Mo.,  about  38  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Schlusselburg,  shlUs's^l-bddRG^  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  21  miles  E.  of  St.  Petersburg,  on  an  island 
in  the  Neva,  where  it  emerges  from  Lake  Ladoga.  Pop. 
7892.  It  is  mostly  built  of  wood,  but  has  a  strong  castle, 
a  palace,  and  an  important  trade. 

Schliisselburg,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  15 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Minden,  on  the  Weser,     Pop.  1174. 

Schmadribach,  shmi'dre-b3,K\  a  waterfall  of  Swit- 
zerland, canton  of  Bern,  in  the  Oberland,  7  miles  S.  of 
Lauterbrunnen. 

Schinalkalden,  shmil'kJird^n,  also  written  in  English 
Smalcald)  smal'kawld,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  a  detached 
district  of  the  same  name,  belonging  to  Hesse-Nassau,  but 
between  Saxe-Gotha  and  Saxe-Meiningen,  at  the  confluence 
of  the  Schmalkalde  and  the  Stille,  11  miles  N.  of  Meiningen. 
It  is  enclosed  by  double  walls,  and  has  2  castles,  churches,  a 
gymnasium,  and  manufactures  of  hosiery,  white  lead,  and 
paper.  In  the  vicinity  are  iron-  and  steel-forges  and  salt- 
works.    Pop.  6185. 

Schmalkalden,  Klein,  kiln  {i.e.,  "  Little"),  a  village 
of  Prussia,  15  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Meiningen.     Pop.  1217. 

Schmallenberg,  shmi!iri^n-bdRG\  a  town  of  Prussia, 
in  Westphalia,  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Arnsberg.     Pop.  1244. 

Schmelz,  shmSlts,  a  southern  suburb  of  Memel,  Prussia. 
JPop.  4371. 

Schmiedeberg,  shmee'd^h-bSRS^  a  village  of  Bohe- 
jnia,  23  miles  W.N.W.  of  Saatz.     Pop.  3803. 

Schmiedeberg,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  40  miles 
N.E.  of  Merseburg.     Pop.  3111. 

Schmiedeberg,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  31  miles 
g,S.W,  of  Liegnitz.  Pop.  3963.  It  has  a  high  school,  and 
manufactures  of  silk,  cotton,  woollen,  and  linen  fabrics, 
ribbons,  cutlery,  and  tobacco. 

Schmiedefeld)  shmee'd^h-fSlO,  a  village  of  Prussian 
Paxony,  27  miles  S.S.W,  of  Erfurt,  in  the  Thuringian 
Forest.     Pop.  1678. 

Schmiegel,  shmee'gh^l,  written  also  Szmigel  and 
^zmygiel,  a  town  of  Prussia,  34  miles  S.S.W.  of  Posen. 
Pop.  3248.     It  has  manufactures  of  linen  and  woollen  cloth, 

Schmieheiniv  shmee'hime,  a  village  of  Baden,  circle 
of  Upper  Rhine,  4  miles  N.E,  of  Ettenheim,     Pop.  1167. 

Schmieiung,  a  lake  of  Prussia.    See  Schwieloch. 

Schmolln,  shmoln,  or  Schni51la,  shmol'lA.,  a  town  of 
Germany,  in  Saxe-Altenburg,  on  the  Sprotta,  7  milea  S.W. 


of  Altenburg.    Pop.  5172.   It  has  manufactures  of  leather, 
woollen  cloth,  <fcc. 

SchmolnitZjshmol'nits  (Hun.  Szomolnok,  so'moPnok'), 
a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Zips,  21  miles  S.S.E.  of  Leut- 
schau.  Pop.  2633.  In  its  vicinity  are  mines  of  gold,  sil- 
ver, copper,  iron,  and  sulphur. 

Schmottseifen,  shmott'srf^n,  or  Schmiickseifent 
shmo6k'srf?n,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia,  23  miles  S.W 
of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  2320. 

Schnait,  shnit,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg,  10  miles  B. 
of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1644. 

Schuaitheim,  shnit'hime,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg, 
on  the  Brenz.     Pop.  2585. 

Schnaittach,  shnit'tiK,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Middle 
Franconia,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Nuremberg.     Pop.  1732. 

Schnccksville,  shnSks'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lehigh 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  10  miles  N.W.  of  Allentown.  It  has  a  mine 
of  iron  ore,  a  carriage-shop,  <fec. 

Schneebcrg,  shnd'bSuo  ("snow  mountain"),  a  moun- 
tain in  the  Riesen-Gebirge,  between  Prussian  Silesia  and 
Bohemia,  19  miles  S.S.E.  of  Glatz. 

Schneeberg,  a  mountain  of  Lower  Austria,  40  miles 
S.W.  of  Vienna. 

Schneeberg,  a  mountain  of  Bavaria,  in  the  Fichtel- 
Bcrg,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Baireuth. 

Schneeberg,  shni'bSiiG,  a  town  of  Saxony,  circle  of 
Zwickau,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chemnitz.  Pop.  8074.  It  has 
manufactures  of  gold  and  silver  lace,  cotton  fabrics,  and 
chemical  apparatus,  and  near  it  are  mines  of  silver,  cobalt, 
iron,  <tc.,  in  which  many  of  its  population  arc  engaged. 

Schneekoppe,  shn4'kop'p§h  ("  snow-top"),  or  RiC" 
seukoppe,  reo's§n-kop'p§h  ("  giant-top"),  a  mountain 
belonging  to  the  Riesen-Gebirge,  on  the  frontiers  of  Prus- 
sian Silesia,  12  miles  S.  of  Hirschberg.  It  is  the  culmi- 
nating point  of  the  chain,  and  the  highest  peak  of  th« 
region,  having  a  height  of  6394  feet. 

Schneidemiihl,  shnl'd^h-mUr,  a  town  of  Prussia,  54 
miles  W.  of  Bromberg,  on  the  Kiiddow.  Pop.  9724.  It  hat 
a  castle,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  lace,  hosiery, 
and  leather. 

Scbneidlingen,  shnit'ling-^n,  a  village  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  government  of  Magdeburg.     Pop.  1640. 

Schnellewalde,  8hndll'*4rd?h,  a  village  of  Prussian 
Silesia,  29  miles  S.W.  of  Oppeln.     Pop.  2479. 

Schnell'ville,  a  post-otfico  of  Dubois  co.,  Ind. 

Schney,  shni,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  circle  of  Upper 
Franconia,  near  the  Main.     Pop.  1208. 

Schnierlach,  a  town  of  Alsace.    See  Poutroyh. 

Schoa,  a  state  of  Abyssinia.    See  Shoa. 

Schochoh,  shflk'o,  a  post-office  of  Logan  co.,  Ky. 

Schock's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  and  on  the  Susquehanna 
River,  6  miles  above  Columbia.     It  has  2  flour-mills. 

Schodack,  sko-dak',  a  township  of  Rensselaer  co., 
N.Y.     Pop.  in  1880,  4319. 

Schodack  Centre,  a  post-faamlet  in  Schodack  town- 
ship, Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  7  or  8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Albany. 

Schodack  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  in  Schodack  town- 
ship, Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad, 
8  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Albany. 

Schodack  Landing,  a  post-village  in  Schodack  town- 
ship, Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River,  and  on  the 
Hudson  River  Railroad,  13  miles  S.  of  Albany.  It  has  a 
distillery,  2  wagon-shops,  <fcc. 

Schocnbach.  See  Schonbach;  and  so  for  all  other 
German  names  with  the  prefix  Schokn. 

Schoenbrunn,  Austria.    See  Schonbrunn. 

Schoeneck,shSn'Sk  or  sha'nSk,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lan- 
caster CO.,  Pa.,  about  18  miles  S.W.  of  Reading.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  coach-shop,  and  a  cigar-factory. 

SchotTner's  (sh3f  n^rz)  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Jefferson  co..  Pa.,  13  miles  N.N.E.  of  Brookville.  It  has 
a  church,  a  saw-mill,  2  stores,  and  a  planing-mill. 

Schoiield's  (sko'feeldz)  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wes- 
ton township,  Marathon  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Wisconsin  Valley 
Railroad,  at  Weston  Station,  4  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Wausau. 
It  has  a  large  lumber-mill. 

Schoharie,  sko-hir'ree,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of 
New  York,  has  an  area  of  about  700  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Schoharie  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the 
Charlotte  River  and  Catskill  and  Cobleskill  Creeks.  The 
surface  is  mostly  hilly,  and  is  partly  occupied  by  a.  range 
of  highlands,  called  the  Helderbergs.  A  large  part  of  the 
county  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  hickory,  ash^ 
sugar-maple,  elm,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  generally 
fertile,  and  adapted  to  pasturage  and  dairy-farming. 
Butter,   hay,  pats,  buckwheat,  cattle,  and   hops  are  the 


8CH 


2414 


SCiFI 


sUpIo  proUuot«.  Uelderborg  Itmostono  and  sandstone 
(Devonian)  crop  out  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Albany  <fc  Susquehanna  Ilaiirood  and  one  of  its 
branches,  and  includes  the  Middleburg  A  Schoharie  Valley 
Railroad.  Capital,  Schoharie.  Valuation  of  real  and  per- 
gonal estate,  $9,948,844.  Pop.  in  1870,  33,340,  of  whom 
32,430  wore  Americans;  in  1875,  32,491;  in  1880,  32,910. 

Schoharie*  a  post-village,  capital  of  Schoharie  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Schoharie  township,  is  in  a  deep  valley,  on  Scho- 
harie Creek,  30  miles  W.  of  Albany,  and  3  or  4  miles  S.  of 
the  Albany  &  Susquehanna  Railroad.  It  is  on  the  Middle- 
burg Jk  Schoharie  Railroad,  which  connects  with  the  road 
above  named.  It  contains  3  churches,  an  academy,  a  na- 
tional bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  n  foundry,  and  2  oarriago- 
ehops.     Pop.  1200;  of  the  township,  3219. 

Schoharie  Creek,  New  York,  rises  in  the  Catskill 
Mountains,  in  Greene  oo.,  runs  northward  through  Scho- 
bario  and  Montgomery  cos.,  and  enters  the  Mohawk  River 
about  5  miles  E.  of  Fonda.     It  is  about  100  miles  long. 

Schokland;  sKok'l&nt,  an  island  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Overyssol,  in  the  Zuyder  Zee,  opposite  the  mouth  of  the 
Yssel.     Length,  4  miles.     Pop.  640. 

ScholPs  (shollz)  Ferry,  a  post-offico  of  Washington 
CO.,  Oregon,  on  the  Tualitin  River. 

Schollville,  shSl'vIl,  a  hamlet  of  Clark  co.,  Ky.,  near 
Hedges  Station. 

Schdmberg,  skom'bdRG,  or  Sch5nberg,  shon'b^RO, 
a  town  of  Moravia,  28  miles  N.N.W.  of  Olmutz.     P.  7286. 

Schomberg,  a  town  of  Silesia.    See  Scho.vbkro. 

Schoinberg,  shdm'b^rg  (formerly  Brownsville),  a 
post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  15  miles  W.  of  Aurora. 
It  haa  an  iron-foundry,  a  tannery,  flour-mills,  woollen- 
mills,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  200. 

Sch5ii,  or  Schoen,  a  German  word  signifying  "  hand- 
some" or  "  beautiful,"  forming  the  prefix  of  numerous 
names  in  Central  Europe. 

Schouaich,  sho'niic,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg,  4  miles 
6.E.  of  Boblingcn.     Pop.  1924. 

Schonau,  sho'now,  a  town  of  Baden,  5  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Heidelberg.     Pop.  2004. 

Schonau,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  17  miles  S.W.  of 
Liegnitz,  on  the  Katzbach.     Pop.  2284. 

Schdnan,  or  Gross  Schdnau,  a  village  of  Saxony, 
6  miles  W.N.W.  of  Zittau.     Pop.  of  commune,  5877. 

Schonbach,  shon'b&K,  or  Mittel-Schoiibach,  a 
village  of  Bohemia,  27  miles  W.  of  Elbogen.     Pop.  2640. 

Schonberg,  shon'bditc,  a  town  of  Mccklenburg-Stre- 
litz,  on  the  Maurin,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Lubeck.     Pop.  2899. 

Schonberg,  a  town  of  Moravia.    See  Sciiomiigkg. 

Schonberg,  or  Schomberg,  a  town  of  Prussian  Si- 
lesia, 48  miles  W.S.W.  of  Liegnitz,  on  the  Roth-Wasser. 
Pop.  2156. 

Schdnberg,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Holstein,  10  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Kiel.     Pop.  1534. 

Schonberg,  shSn'b^rg,  a  post-office  of  AVarren  co., 
Iowa,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Indianola. 

Schdnborn,  shon'born,  Alt,  ilt,  and  Neu,  noi,  two 
contiguous  villages  of  Bohemia,  3  miles  from  Rumburg,  on 
the  Sterkelberg.     Pop.  2430. 

Schonbrunn,orSchoenbrunn,shdn'br55norshon'- 
broonn  ("beautiful  fountain''),  an  imperial  palace  in  Aus- 
tria, li  miles  S.W.  of  Vienna,  and  having  attached  to  it  a 
menagerie  and  the  finest  botanic  garden  in  Austria,  also 
artificial  fountains,  &o.  It  is  the  usual  summer  residence 
of  the  imperial  family.    Adjacent  to  it  is  a  village. 

Schonbrunn,  shon'brddn,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  about 
4  miles  from  Policzka.     Pop.  2077. 

Schonburg,  a  village  of  Bohemia.    See  ScHUMBunG. 

Sch5nebeck,  sho'n§h-bfik\  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Magdeburg,  with  which  it  is  connected 
by  railway  on  the  Elbe.  It  has  manufactures  of  leather, 
chemicals,  salt,  paper,  soap,  Ac.     Pop.  10,966. 

Sclioneberg,  a  S.W.  suburb  of  Berlin,  Prussia.  P.  7467. 

Schoneberg,  sho'n^h-bdR6\  a  village  of  Prussia,  gov- 
ernment of  Dantzic,  near  the  Vistula.     Pop.  1477. 

Schoneck,  sho'nSk,  or  Skarzewo,  skaR-z&'^o,  a 
town  of  West  Prussia,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Dantzic.    P.  2691. 

Schoneck,  a  town  of  Saxony,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Plauen. 
It  has  manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  &a.     Pop.  3139. 

Sch5neckcn,  sho'ndk^k^n,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
29  miles  N.N.W.  of  Treves.    Pop.  1230. 

Schonefeld,  sho'n^h-fSIt^  or  Schonfeld,  shon'fdit,  a 
village  of  Saxony,  near  Leipsio.      Pop.  of  commune,  7220. 

Schonenberg,  sho'n; n-b^RC^  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Zurich.     Pop.  1407. 

SchOnewalde,  sho'n^b-'^ird^h,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  9  miles.  E.N.E.  of  Schweidnitz.    Pop.  1191, 


Schduflics,  shUn'flees,  or  Sch5nflic8s,  a  town  of 
Prussia,  in  Brandenburg,  on  the  Riirike,  11  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Soldin.     Pop.  2995. 

SchUngau,  shon'gSw,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Lecli, 
40  miles  S.W.  of  Munich.     Pop.  1801. 

SchOnhausen,  shon'h<5w*z?n,  a  village  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  30  iiiilcs  N.N.E.  of  Magdeburg.     Pop.  1082. 

Schunliausen,  IIonKK,  ho'?n,  and  Niedkii,  nco'd^r, 
two  adjacent  villages  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg,  4  miles 
N.  of  Berlin.  United  pop.  2176.  Here  is  a  summer  resi- 
dence of  the  King  of  Prussia. 

SchUnhcidc,  shon'hi-dyh,  a  village  of  Saxony,  12 
miles  W.  of  Schwarzenberg.  Pop.  5072,  who  manufaetuio 
iron-  and  tin-wares. 

Schbnheidc,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia,  govcrv- 
ment  of  Breslau.     Pop.  1335. 

Schtinhof,  shon'hof,  a  village  of  Austrian  Silesia,  14 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Teschen.     Pop.  1195. 

Sch5ningen,  shii'ning-^n,  a  town  of  Germnny,  duchy 
and  20  miles  S.E.  of  Brunswick.  Pop.  6116.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  brandy,  salt,  and  vitriol. 

Sch5nlanke,  sbiin'lilnk'^h,  or  Trzianka,  tze-&n'kil, 
written  also  Trzcianka,  a  town  of  Prussia,  66  miles 
S.W.  of  Brouiberg.     Pop.  4089. 

Schonlinde,  shon'lin-d^h,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  33 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Leitmeritz.  Pop.  5202,  who  manufacture 
linen,  woollen,  and  cotton  fabrics,  and  yarn. 

Schonsee,  shon'si^  a  town  of  Bavariti.,  on  the  Bohe- 
mian frontier,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Neuburg.     Pop.  1392. 

Schdnwald,  shon'*iIt,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  17  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Leitmeritz.     Pop.  1845. 

Sch5nwaldc,  shon'^ird^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  gov- 
ernment and  42  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  2172. 

Schoodic  (skoo'dik)  Lakes,  of  Maine,  a  chain  of 
lakes  lying  chiefly  in  Washington  co.,  and  forming  part  of 
the  boundary  between  Maine  and  New  Brunswick.  They 
have  their  outlet  in  the  St.  Croix.     See  also  Grand  Lakk. 

School,  skool,  a  post-offico  of  White  co.,  III.,  at  Centre- 
villc,  8  miles  N.  of  Carmi. 

Schoolcraft,  skool'kraft,  a  large  county  of  Michigan, 
is  the  central  part  of  the  upper  peninsula.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  Lake  Superior,  and  on  the  S.  by  Lake  Mich- 
igan, and  is  drained  by  the  Manistee,  AVliite  Fish,  and 
other  rivers.  The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly,  and  is  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  The 
soil  is  not  cultivated  to  much  extent.  Pig-iron  and  lumber 
are  the  chief  articles  of  export.  Limestone  underlies  a 
large  part  of  the  soil.  On  the  northern  border  of  this 
county  is  a  remarkable  sandstone  bluff,  called  the  "  Pic- 
tured Rocks,"  which  forms  part  of  the  shore  of  Lake  Supe- 
rior. It  is  nearly  300  feet  in  perpendicular  height.  Capi- 
tal, Onota.     Pop.  in  1874,  1290;  in  1880,  1575. 

Schoolcrait,  township,  Houghton  co.,  Mich.     P.  2645. 

Schoolcraft,  a  post-village  in  Schoolcraft  township, 
Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Lake  Huron  Rail 
road  where  it  crosses  the  Kalamazoo  division  of  the  Michi- 
gan Southern  Railroad,  13  miles  S.  of  Kalamazoo,  and  29 
miles  S.W.  of  Battle  Creek.  It  has  a  national  bank,  a 
union  school,  a  newspaper  office,  3  churches,  a  flouring- 
mill,  a  planing-mill,  and  a  grain-elevator.  Pop.  932;  of 
township,  2017. 

School  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Lampasas  co.,  Tex. 

Schooley's  (skool'iz)  Mountain,  a  post-village  and 
summer  resort  in  Washington  township,  Morris  co.,  N.J., 
about  18  miles  W.  of  Morristown,  and  50  miles  W.  of  New 
York.  It  is  4  miles  from  Hackettstown  Station.  Here  is 
a  mountain  nearly  1200  feet  high,  also  a  chalybeate  me- 
dicinal spring  containing  carbonated  oxide  of  iron,  with 
several  salts  of  soda,  lime,  and  magnesia.  The  village  has 
2  large  hotels,  3  boarding-houses,  a  church,  and  a  seminary. 

Schooley's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Ross  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Chilli 
oothe. 

School  House  Run,  in  Jackson  co.,  W.  Va.,  is  on 
the  Ohio,  2  miles  below  Ripley  Landing.  It  has  a  consid- 
erable lumber-trade. 

School  House  Station,  a  post-office  of  San  Mateo 
00.,  Cal.,  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  about  7  miles  S. 
of  San  Francisco. 

Schoon'er,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co.,  Ind. 

Schooner  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  40  miles  below  New  Albany. 

Schoonhoven,  sKon'hoV^n,  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  South  Holland,  on  the  Leek,  at  the  influx  of  the 
Vlist,  16  miles  E.  of  Rotterdam.     Pop.  2827. 

Schoorisse,  skO'ris^s^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  21  miles  $.  of  Ghent.    Pop.  3000. 


SCH 


2415 


SCH 


Schooten,  SKo't§n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and 
4  miles  E.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  2294, 

Schooya,  or  Schiua^  shoo'yi,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment and  70  miles  by  rail  E.N.E.  of  Vladimeer,  on  the 
Teza.     Pop.  10,444, 

Schopmeiin,  shopf'hime,  a  town  of  Baden,  25  miles 
S.  of  Freiburg,  Pop.  2492,  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and 
has  manufactures  of  paper,  chains,  wire,  leather,  and 
tobacco, 

Schopfloch,  shopf  loK,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  circle  of 
Middle  Franconia.    Pop.  1616. 

Schoppenstedt,  or  Scbeppenstedt,  shop'p^n- 
Pt8tt\  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Brunswick,  on  the  railway  to 
Magdeburg,  10  miles  E.  of  Wolfenbuttel.  Pop,  2833,  It 
has  manufactures  of  linen  and  woollen  fabrics, 

Schoppingen,  shop'ping-<;n,  a  village  of  Prussian 
Westphalia,  18  miles  N,W.  of  Miinster,  Pop,  of  com- 
mune, 2207, 

Schorndorf,  shonn'donf,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on 
the  Rems,  16  miles  E.  of  Stuttgart.  Pop.  3875.  It  has  a 
royal  castle,  and  manufactures  of  tobacco  and  carpets. 

Schosslitz,  a  town  of  Bavaria.    See  Schesslitz. 

Schotlaud,  Schottland,  Schotte,  Schottisch, 
or  Schotsch.    See  Scotland, 

Schotten,  shot't§n,  a  town  of  Hesse,  in  Ober-Hossen, 
on  the  Nidda,  22  miles  E.S.E.  of  Giessen.     Pop.  2012. 
•  Schonster,  a  city  of  Persia.     See  SHOOSTEn. 

Schouten  (shoo't?n)  Island,  ofiF  the  E.  coast  of  Tas- 
mania, S.  of  Freycinet's  Peninsula.  Lat,  42°  21'  S, ;  Ion. 
148°  18'  E. 

Schouten,  shoo't§n,  Myso're,  or  Mysory,  mi-so'- 
ree,  also  called  William  Schouten's  Island,  an  island 
of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  off  the  Bay  of  Geelvink,  on  the 
N.  coast  of  Papua,  about  lat.  1°  S.,  Ion.  136°  E.  Though 
represented  in  some  maps  as  one  island,  there  are  in  reality 
two,  or  perhaps  three,  islands, — Sowok  or  Sook,  the  western, 
Mysore,  the  northern,  and  Biak,  the  eastern, 

Schouwen,  sk6w'?n  or  sk6w'^§n,  often  called  Land- 
vanzierikzee,llnt-vdn-zco'rik-zd^  (i.e.,  "  Land  of  Zierik 
Zee"),  the  northernmost  island  of  the  province  of  Zealand, 
in  the  Netherlands,  between  the  East  Scheldt  and  the  S. 
arm  of  the  Meuse,  Length,  15  miles ;  average  breadth,  5 
miles.  It  is  protected  on  both  sides  by  dikes.  It  contains 
the  towns  of  Zierikzee  on  its  S.  and  Brouwershaven  on  its 
N.W.  coast. 

Schraalenburg,  skrawl'§n-burg  or  shral'^n-b^rg,  a 
post-village  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Jersey  City  &  Al- 
bany Railroad,  at  Bergen  Fields  Station,  18  miles  N.  of 
Jersey  City.     Here  are  2  churches. 

Schramberg,  shrim'bfino,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  12 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Rottweil.     Pop.  2462. 

Schraplau,  shri'plow,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  15 
miles  N.W.  of  Merseburg.     Pop.  1501. 

Schrattenberg,  shrit't§n-b5RG*,  a  village  of  Lower 
Austria,  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  1493. 

Schreader,  shree't^r,  a  post-office  of  Trego  co.,  Kansas, 
on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  35  miles  AV.  by  N.  of  Hays 
City. 

Schreckhorn,  shrSk'hom  ("peak  of  terror"),  one  of 
the  loftiest  of  the  Swiss  Alps,  in  the  Bernese  Oberland, 
between  the  Finster-Aarhorn  and  the  Wetterhorn.  Lat.  46° 
35'  26"  N. ;  Ion.  7°  21'  E.     Height,  13,492  feet. 

Schreibendorf,  shri'b§n-doKr  (Moravian,  Piaarzoio, 
pe-zan'zov),  a  village  of  Moravia,  7  miles  from  Eisenberg. 

Schreibershau,  8hri'b§rs-how\  written  also  Schrei- 
berschau,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia,  36  miles  S.W.  of 
Liegnitz,  on  the  Zacken.     Pop.  of  commune,  3754. 

Schriesheim,  shrees'hime,  a  town  of  Baden,  5  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Heidelberg.     Pop.  2748. 

Schrimm,  shrimm  (Polish,  Szrem,  shrSm),  a  town  of 
Prussia,  22  miles  S.S.E.  of  Posen,  on  an  island  formed  by 
the  Warta.  Pop.  5929.  It  has  manufactures  of  linen. 
■  Schrobenhausen,  shro'b?n-how*z?n,  a  town  of  Upper 
Bavaria,  on  the  Paar,  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ingolstadt,  Pop, 
2591.     It  has  manufactures  of  leather,  oil,  paper,  wool,  Ac. 

Schroda,  or  Szroda,  shro'di,  a  town  of  Prussia,  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Posen.     Pop.  3839. 

Schroeppel,  skroo'p§l,  a  township  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y, 
Pop,  3987, 

Schroon,  skroon,  or  Schroon  Lake,  a  post-village 
in  Schroon  township,  Essex  co.,  N,Y,,  about  30  miles  N,W. 
of  AVhitehall.  It  is  at  the  head  and  N,  end  of  Schroon 
Lake,  and  is  surrounded  by  attractive  scenery.  Here  are 
several  summer  boarding-houses  and  hotels.  The  name  of 
the  post-office  is  Schroon  Lake.  The  township  contains 
several  peaks  of  the  Adirondack  Mountains.  Pop.  of  the 
village,  300;  of  the  township,  1514. 


Schroon  Lake,  New  York,  an  expansion  of  Schroon 
River,  extends  across  the  boundary  between  Essex  and 
Warren  cos.,  and  is  about  15  miles  W.  of  Lake  George. 
It  is  9  or  10  miles  long  and  1^  miles  wide,  and  is  navigated 
by  steamboats. 

Schroon  Mountain,  New  York,  is  in  Essex  co,,  near 
Schroon  Lake.  It  has  an  altitude  of  about  3200  feet  above 
the  tide. 

Schroon  River,  New  York,  rises  in  Essex  co.,  near 
Dix's  Peak,  runs  southward,  expands  into  Schroon  Lake, 
and  issues  from  its  southern  end.  It  traverses  the  N.  part 
of  "Warren  co.,  and  enters  the  Hudson  River  about  7  miles 
N.W.  of  Caldwell. 

Schroon  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
a  river  of  its  own  name,  about  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Port 
Henry. 

Schtschigry,  a  town  of  Russia.    Sec  SnTSHicny. 

Schubin,  or  Szubin,  shoo'bin,  a  town  of  Prussia,  14 
miles  S.W.  of  Brombcrg.     Pop.  3536. 

Schuja,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Schooya. 

Schukotskoi,  Asia.    See  East  Cape. 

Schulenburg,  shoo'l§n-burg,  a  post-village  of  Fayette 
CO.,  Tex.,  on  the  Galveston,  Harrisburg  &  San  Antonio  Bail- 
road,  25  miles  W.  of  Columbus.  It  has  a  church,  a  news- 
paper office,  2  banks,  about  40  business  houses,  and  manu- 
factures of  furniture,  sash,  blinds,  <fec.  A  large  quantity 
of  cotton  is  shipped  here.     Pop.  about  900. 

Schulpforte,  a  village  of  Prussia.    See  Pforte. 

Schultz,  shoolts,  township,  Edgefield  co.,  S.C.     P.  848. 

Schultzville,  shoults'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Poughkeepsie. 

Schultzville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lackawanna  co.,  Pa., 
9  miles  N.W.  of  Scranton.  It  has  a  chapel  and  a  larga 
tannery.     Pop.  about  150. 

Schumburg,  shoom'bSSno,  or  Schonburg,  shon'- 
booRG,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  about  17  miles  from  Rcichen- 
berg.     Pop.  1947. 

Schiimeg,  or  Siiraeg,  Hungary.     See  SOmegh. 

Schumla,  a  city  of  Bulgaria.     See  Shoomla. 

Schuschi,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Suoosba. 

Schussen,  shoSs's^n,  a  river  of  Germany,  rises  in 
Wiirtemberg,  and  flows  S.  into  Lake  Constance.  Length, 
40  miles. 

Schuster,  a  city  of  Persia.    See  Shooster. 

Schiitt,  shiitt,  Great  (Hun.  Caallokoz,  chirio^kos'),  an 
island  formed  by  arms  of  the  Danube,  in  Hungary,  N.E. 
of  the  main  stream,  e-vtending  from  Presburg  to  Comorn. 
Length,  53  miles;  breadth,  16  miles. 

Schiitt,  Little,  an  island  formed  by  arms  of  the  Danube, 
extends  from  below  Presburg  to  Raab,  Length,  28  miles ; 
breadth,  7  miles.  Surface  marshy,  but  abounding  with 
villages  and  cultivated  tracts. 

Schuttenhofen,  shoot'?n-ho'f§n  (Bohemian,  Sitasicze, 
soos-seet'sd),  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  the  Wotawa,  15  miles 
S.E,  of  Klattau.    Pop.  5150. 

Schutterwald,  shodt't^r-V^ilir,  a  village  of  Baden,  55 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Carlsruhe.     Pop.  2088. 

Schiittorf,  shiit'torf,  or  Schiittdorf,  shiit'donf,  a 
town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  3  miles  N.E,  of  Bcntheim,  on 
theVechte.   Pop,  1692, 

Schutz  (shootz)  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co,,  111. 

Schuyler,  ski'l^r,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Illinois, 
has  an  area  of  about  420  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.E,  by  the  Illinois  River,  and  is  intersected  by  La. 
Moin  River  (Crooked  Creek),  which  enters  the  Illinois  at 
the  S.  extremity  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  undulating, 
and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  forests  of  the  oak, 
hickory,  sugar-maple,  ash,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is 
very  fertile.  Wheat,  maize,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  and  pork  are 
the  staples.  Mines  of  bituminous  coal  have  been  opened; 
in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  St.  Louis,  Rock 
Island  &  Chicago  Railroad.  The  Buda  &  Rushville  Rail- 
road terminates  at  Rushville,  the  capital  of  this  county. 
Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $10,275,584.  Pop., 
in  1870,  17,419;  in  1880,  16,249. 

Schuyler,  a  county  in  the  N,  part  of  Missouri,  border- 
ing on  Iowa,  has  an  area  of  about  320  square  miles.  It  is' 
bounded  on  the  W,  by  the  Chariton  River,  and  is  drained, 
by  the  Middle  and  North  Fabius  Rivers  and  the  North 
Fork  of  Salt  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests  of  good  timber.  The  soil  is  for-, 
tile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  has  mines  of  bituminous  coal.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  <t  Northern^ 
and  Missouri,  Iowa  &  Nebraska  Railroads.  Capital,  Lan-, 
caster.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $8,550,000. 
Pop.  in  1870,  8820;  in  1880,  10,470. 


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Sohaylerf  a  county  of  New  York,  has  an  area  of  about 
SOO  square  miles.  It  ootuprisoe  the  southern  part  of  Soneoa 
Lake,  and  is  drained  by  Cuyuta  Creek.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating, and  is  diversified  with  beautiful  and  picturesque 
scenery,  eM)ooinIly  at  Watkins  Qlon,  which  is  at  the  head 
of  Soneoa  Lake.  (See  Watki.ni.)  The  soil  it  fertile.  Oats, 
Indian  corn,  butter,  hay,  oattle,  wool,  and  rye  are  the 
staple  products.  Devonian  sandstone  crops  out  In  this 
county,  which  has  also  an  extensive  deposit  of  marl.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Northern  Central  Railroad. 
Capital,  Watkins.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate, 
$U,90 1,295.  Pop.  in  1870,  18,939,  of  whom  17,941  were 
Americans  ;  in  1880,  18,842. 

Schuyler,  a  posl-vlllage,  capital  of  Colfax  co.,  Neb.,  is 
on  the  N.  bank  of  the  PLvtte  River,  and  on  the  S.  bank  of 
Shell  Creek,  which  enters  the  Platte  about  1  mile  below. 
It  is  also  on  the  Union  Pacifio  Railroad,  29  miles  W.  of  Fre- 
mont, and  16  miles  E.  of  Columbus.  It  has  a  newspaper 
office,  a  high  school,  a  banking-house,  and  4  churches.  Pop. 
in  1880,  1017. 

Schuyler,  a  township  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.     P.  1500. 

Schuyler  Island,  a  small  island  near  the  W.  side  of 
Lake  Cliamplain,  nearly  opposite  Burlington,  and  belonging 
to  Essex  CO.,  N.Y. 

Schuyler  Lake,  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  is  about  8  miles 
N.W.  of  Cooperstown,  and  is  nearly  5  miles  lung.  Its  out- 
let is  the  Susquehanna  River,  which  rises  here. 

Schuyler's  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  in  Schuyler's  Palls 
township,  Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Salmon  River,  about  9  miles 
S.W.  of  Plattsburg.  It  has  a  church  and  50  houses.  The 
township  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Saranac  River,  and 
contains  Morrisonville.    Pop.  of  the  township,  1719. 

Schuyler's  Lake,  a  post-village  in  Exeter  township, 
Otsego  CO.,  N.Y.,  at  the  outlet  of  Schuyler  Lake,  about  9 
miles  N.W.  of  Cooperstown.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  hotel. 
Pop.  about  200. 

Schnylersville,  skl'l^rr-vll,  a  post- village  in  Saratoga 
township,  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River,  at  the 
mouth  of  Fish  Creek,  and  on  the  Champlain  Canal,  about 
12  miles  £.  of  Saratoga  Springs,  and  34  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Albany.  It  has  4  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  graded  school,  a  good  hotel,  a  largo  cotton-factory 
(600  hands),  and  manufactures  of  paper,  lumber,  <tc.  A 
bridge  crosses  the  Hudson  River  here.    Pop.  (1880)  1617. 

Schuylkill,  skool'kll,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part 
of  Pennsylvania,  has  an  area  of  about  800  square  miles.  It 
is  drained  by  the  Schuylkill,  Little  Schuylkill,  and  Swatara 
Rivers,  which  rise  in  it,  and  by  Catawissa  and  Mahanoy 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  and  extensively  cov- 
ered with  forests  of  oak,  chestnut,  pine,  &o.  The  Kitta- 
tinny  Mountain  extends  along  the  S.E.  border  of  the  county, 
which  is  also  traversed  by  sterile  rocky  ridges  called  Broad, 
Mahanoy,  and  Sharp  Mountains.  Among  its  minerals  are 
coal,  iron  ore,  and  limestone.  The  chief  article  of  export 
Is  anthracite  coal,  the  beds  of  which  are  here  nearly  30  feet 
thick.  This  is  called  the  Southern  or  Schuylkill  Coal  Field. 
The  beds  of  coal  are  interstratified  with  sandstone,  shale, 
and  limestone.  This  county  is  partly  traversed  by  the 
Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railroad,  with  its  several  branches. 
Much  coal  is  exported  by  the  canal  of  the  Schuylkill 
Navigation  Company.  Capital,  Pottsville.  Valuation  of 
real  and  personal  estate,  $91,358,166.  Pop.  in  1870, 116,428, 
of  whom  85,572  were  Amcrioans;  in  1880,  129,974. 

Schuylkill,  a  post-hamlet  in  Schuylkill  township, 
Chester  co..  Pa.,  about  1  mile  S.  of  Phoenixville.  It  has 
several  churches  and  grist-mills.  The  township  comprises 
part  of  Valley  Forge,  and  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the 
Schuylkill  River.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1593. 

Schuylkill,  a  township  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.  P.  521. 

Schuylkill  Haven,  a  post-borough  in  North  Man- 
heim  township,  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Schuylkill  River, 
and  on  the  Philadelphia  <fe  Reading  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of 
Pottsville,  and  31  miles  N.N.W.  of  Reading.  A  branch 
railroad  extends  from  this  place  to  Mincrsville  and  Glen 
Carbon.  This  borough  contains  8  churches,  repair-shops 
of  the  railroad,  a  rolling-mill,  a  soap-factory,  and  3  boat- 
yards. Its  prosperity  is  derived  from  operations  in  coal, 
which  is  mined  near  this  place.  It  has  large  docks  and 
wharves  for  the  shipment  of  coal  by  canaL     P.  (1880)  8052. 

Schuylkill  River  (the  Manai/uuk  of  the  aborigines), 
rises  about  10  miles  N.E.  of  Pottsville,  Pa.,  and  runs  south- 
eastward to  Port  Clinton,  where  it  passes  through  the  Kit- 
tatinny  Monnlain.  It  flows  next  nearly  southward  to  Read- 
ing, intersects  Berks  co.,  and  forms  part  of  the  boundary 
between  the  cos.  of  Chester  and  Montgomery.  It  forms 
one  of  the  most  beautiful  features  of  Fairmount  Park,  and 
enters  the  Delaware  River  at  the  southern  limit  of  Phila- 


delphia, which  Is  built  on  both  sides  of  this  river.  The 
other  towns  on  its  banks  are  Pottsville,  Reading,  Phoenix, 
villo,  and  Norristown.  It  is  about  130  miles  long.  Nearly 
all  the  water  useil  in  Philadelphia  is  derived  from  this 
river,  which  traverses  a  beautiful  and  fertile  country.  The 
trains  of  the  Reading  Railroad  run  along  its  bunks  from 
Pottsville  to  Philadelphia.  By  means  of  dams  and  locks, 
canal-boats  can  ascend  this  river  to  the  ooal-minos  of 
Schuylkill  CO. 

Sohwaadorf,  shw^'donf,  or  Schwandorf,  slmtLa'- 
douf,  a  village  of  Lower  Austria,  on  the  Fischa,  15  miles 
S.E.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  1658. 

Schwaau,  shw{^n,  a  town  of  Mecklenburg-Schwerin, 
on  the  Warnow,  11  miles  S.  of  Rostock.     Pop.  3430. 

Schwabach,  shw&'b&K,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  9  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Nuremberg.  Pop.  7024.  It  has  manufactures 
of  pins,  cotton  and  woollen  fabrics,  hosiery,  gold  and  silver 
lace,  soap,  paper,  printing-types,  and  tobacco. 

Schwabenitz,  shw&'bfh-nits,  or  Szwabcnicze, 
shwA-b^h-noot'si,  a  town  of  Moravia,  25  miles  E.N.E.  o/ 
BrUnn.     Pop.  1340. 

Schwabeuland,  tho  German  name  of  Swabia. 

Schwabiniinchen,  shw&b'miinK-^n,  a  town  of  Ba- 
varia, 20  miles  by  rail  S.S.AV.  of  Augsburg.     Pop.  2726. 

Schwilchat,  or  Schwechat,  shw^K'&t,  a  town  of 
Lower  Austria,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  3678. 

Schwaigern,  shwl'gh^m,  a  town  of  Wiirtcmborg,  4 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Brackcnheim.     Pop.  1978. 

Schwaigheiui,  sliwio'Iiime,  a  village  of  Wiirtomberg, 
circle  of  Necker,  near  Waiblingcn.     Pop.  13G2. 

Schwalbach,  Germany.    See  Langenscuwalbach. 

Schwalm,  shwJllm,  a  river  of  Germany,  rises  in  the 
N.E.  of  Hesse,  flows  N.N.W.,  and  joins  the  Eder  after  a 
course  of  about  60  miles. 

Schwanden,  shw&n'd^n,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton and  3  miles  S.  of  Glarus,  on  the  Linth.     Pop.  2560. 

Schwandorf,  a  village  of  Austria.   See  Scuwaadoup. 

Schwandorf,  shwin'donf,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  Upper 
Palatinate,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Amberg.     Pop.  3523. 

Schwauebeck,  shw4'n?h-bfik\  a  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Magdeburg,  on  the  Limbach. 
Pop.  2635.     It  has  manufactures  of  bricks  and  flour. 

SchAvanenstadt,  or  Schwannenstadt,  shw&n'- 
n^n-stitt^  a  town  of  Upper  Austria,  on  the  Agger,  30  miles 
S.W.  of  Lintz.     Pop.  1526. 

Schwarmc,  shwan'm^h,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Han- 
over, circle  of  Hoya.     Pop.,  with  Klein-Schwarme,  1880, 

Schwartau,  shwan'tSw,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Olden- 
burg,  4  miles  N.  of  Lubeck,  on  the  Trave.     Pop.  1656. 

Schwartzburg,  shwarts'biirg,  a  station  in  Milwaukee 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad, 
9  miles  N.W,  of  Milwaukee. 

SchAVartz  Elster,a  river  of  Germany.    See  Elster. 

Schwarza,  shwaut's&,  or  Schwarze,  shwant's^h,  a 
river  of  Austria,  flows  E.,  and  joins  the  Pitten  to  form  the 
Leytha,  6  miles  S.  of  Neustadt. 

Schwarza,  a  river  of  Germany,  rises  in  the  S.  extrem- 
ity of  Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt,  flows  N.E.,  and  joins  the 
Saale  3  miles  S.  of  Rudolstadt. 

Schwarza,  a  river  of  Moravia,  after  a  S.  course  of  80 
miles,  joins  theThaya  10  miles  S.  of  Selowitz.  Its  afiluents 
are  the  Iglawa  from  the  W.,  and  the  Zwittau  and  Littawa 
from  the  N.  and  E. 

Schwarza,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  34  miles  S.W, 
of  Erfurt.     Pop.  1240. 

Schwarzach,  shwant'siK,  a  village  of  Austria,  duchy 
of  Salzburg,  3  miles  from  Sanct  Johann.  Here  the  Prot- 
estant peasantry  subjected  to  the  sway  of  the  Archbishop 
of  Salza  met  and  bound  themselves  by  oath  never  to  desert 
their  principles.  They  were  ultimately,  in  1731,  to  the 
number  of  30,000,  driven  from  their  homes. 

Schwarzau,  shwarts'Sw,  or  Schwarzach,  sh warts'- 
iK,  a  river  of  Bavaria,  after  a  W.  course  of  45  miles,  joins 
the  Naab  5  miles  S.  of  Nabburg. 

Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt,  shwarts'biirg-roo'dpl 
stat^  or  shwauts'b65nG-roo'dol-st4tt\  a  principality  of  Ger- 
many, consists  of  several  isolated  portions,  situated  between 
the  territories  of  Prussian  Saxony,  the  Saxon  duchies,  and 
the  principalities  of  Reuse.  Area,  364  square  miles.  The 
surface  is  rugged,  and  the  soil  by  no  means  fertile,  although 
it  is  generally  cultivated  with  the  greatest  care.  A  large 
portion  of  the  land  is  devoted  to  pasture,  and  great  num- 
bers of  cattle  are  reared.  The  minerals  include  lead,  iron, 
and  salt,  which  are  worked  to  a  considerable  extent.  The 
principal  manufactures  are  woollen  stufis,  iron-ware,  glass, 
and  porcelain.  The  chief  export,  in  addition  to  tho  min< 
erals  and  manufactures,  is  wood.    The  inhabitants  are 


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2417 


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almost  all  Protestants.  The  government  is  a  monarchy,  in 
which  the  power  of  the  sovereign  is  limited.  For  admin- 
istrative purposes  it  is  divided  into  the  upper  lordship 
of  Iludolstadt  and  the  lower  lordship  of  Frankenhausen, 
and  subdivided  into  10  bailiwicks.  Capital,  Kudolstadt. 
Pop.  in  1885,  83,836. 

Schwarzburg-Sondershausen,  ehwarts'bilrg-  (or 
shwaRts'boSuG-)  son'd^rs-hSw^z^n,  a  principality  of  Ger- 
many, consists  of  several  distinct  portions,  situated  be- 
tween Prussian  Saxony  and  the  Saxon  duchies.  Area,  333 
square  miles.  It  is  more  fertile  than  Schwarzburg-lludol- 
stadt.  One  of  the  principal  sources  of  revenue  is  derived 
from  the  forests.  Flax  also  is  extensively  cultivated,  and 
great  numbers  of  cattle,  sheep,  and  swine  are  reared.  The 
minerals  include  iron,  alum  schist,  and  copperas.  The  first 
supplies  several  smelting-furnaces  and  forges,  and  from  the 
two  last  much  alum  and  vitriol  are  made.  After  these,  the 
leading  manufacture  of  importance  is  porcelain.  The  prin- 
cipal exports  are  corn,  wool,  wood,  iron-ware,  iron,  alum, 
vitriol,  lampblack,  rosin,  and  fat  cattle.  For  administra- 
tive purposes  it  is  divided  into  the  upper  lordship  of  Arn- 
stadt  and  the  lower  lordship  of  Sondershausen,  and  sub- 
divided into  7  bailiwicks.  Capital,  Sondershausen.  The 
inhabitants  are  almost  all  Lutherans.     P.  in  1885,  73,606. 

Schwarze,  a  river  of  Austria.     See  SchWARZa. 

Schwarz  Elster,  Germany.    See  Elster. 

Schwarzenbach,  shwaRt's§n-biK\  a  town  of  Ba- 
varia, in  Upper  Franconia,  on  the  Saale,  5  miles  by  rail 
S.S.E.  of  Hof.  Pop.  3984.  It  has  a  castle,  and  manufac- 
tures of  woollen,  cotton,  and  linen  fabrics,  iron,  and  beer. 

Schvvarzenbach  -  am  -Walde,  shwant's^n-biK^- 
fi,m-*il'd?h,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Upper  Franconia,  5  miles 
S.W.  of  Naila.     Pop.  1758. 

Schwarzenberg,  shwant's§n-bSRG\  a  town  of  Saxony, 
18  miles  S.E.  of  Zwickau,  with  a  castle,  iro'n-foundries,  nail- 
and  wire-factories,  and  iron-mines.     Pop.  3299. 

Schwarzenberg,  Switzerland.    See  Noirmost. 

Schwarzenfeld,  shwaRt'sgn-fSlt*,  a  village  of  Ba- 
varia, on  tlie  Naab,  14  miles  E.S.B.  of  Amberg.    Pop.  1059. 

Schwarzkosteletz,  shwaRts-kos't^h-lSts*,  a  town  of 
Bohemia,  6  miles  W.  of  Kaurzim.     Pop.  3032. 

Schwarzwald,  Germany.    See  Black  Forest. 

Schwarzwasser,  shwattts'*is^s?r  ("black  water"),  a 
river  which  rises  on  the  frontiers  of  Bohemia,  flows  W.N.W., 
and  joins  the  Mulde.     Length,  36  miles. 

Schwarzwasser,  orCzarnawoddajchan-ni-iJ^od'- 
dil,  a  river  of  Prussia,  joins  the  Vistula  on  the  left  at 
Schwetz.     Length,  80  miles. 

Schwarzwasser,  a  town  of  Austrian  Silesia,  13  miles 
N.N.B.  of  Teschen,  on  the  Vistula.     Pop.  1733. 

Schwarzwasser,  a  village  of  Austrian  Silesia,  circle 
of  Troppau,  bailiwick  of  Friedberg.     Pop.  1161. 

Schwat,  or  Chouat,  a,  town  of  Asia.    SccShwat. 

Schwatz,  or  Schwaz,  shwits,  a  town  of  the  Tyrol, 
on  the  Inn,  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Innspruck.  Pop.  4813. 
It  has  manufactures  of  cotton  fabrics,  worsted,  tobacco,  and 
wire.    In  its  vicinity  are  silver-,  copper-,  and  iron-mines. 

Schwechat,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Schwachat. 

Schwedeldorf,  8hw4'd?l-doRf  \  Ober,  o'b?r,  and  Nib- 
PER,  nee'd?r,  two  contiguous  villages  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
3  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Glatz.     United  pop.  1830. 

Schweden,  the  German  name  of  Sweden. 

Schwedt,  shwfitt,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg, 
on  the  Oder,  23  miles  S.S.W.  of  Stettin.  Lat.  50°  51'  N. ; 
Ion,  16°  27'  E.  Pop.  9592.  It  has  a  royal  palace,  and 
manufactures  of  leather,  tobacco,  and  starch. 

Schwedt,  shwctt,  a  post-office  of  Stanton  co.,  Neb. 

Schwegenheim,  shwd,'gh9n-hlme\  a  village  of  Ba- 
varia, near  Germersheim.     Pop.  1463. 

Schweich,  shwiK,  or  Schweig,  shwlo,  a  village  of 
Rhenish  Prussia,  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Treves,  on  the  Moselle. 

SchweidnitZj  shwld'nits  or  shwit'nits,  a  town  of 
Prussian  Silesia,  31  miles  S.W.  of  Breslau,  on  the  railway 
to  Freiberg,  at  the  foot  of  the  Riesen-G«birge.  Pop.  22,200. 
It  is  well  built,  and  ornamented  with  spacious  squares.  It 
has  a  castle,  formerly  a  ducal  residence,  but  now  a  work- 
house, a  college,  house  of  correction,  large  barracks,  hos- 
pitals, many  distilleries,  and  manufactories  of  woollen  and 
linen  fabrics,  leather,  paper,  chemicals,  Ac  Schweidnitz 
was  the  residence  of  the  first  Piarists,  was  walled  in  1295, 
and  repeatedly  besieged.  It  was  made  a  regular  fortress 
by  Frederick  II.  in  1747,  and  in  1810,  after  a  siege  of  36 
days,  it  was  taken  and  its  outer  works  dismantled. 

Schweighausen,  shwiG'hSw^z^n,  a  village  of  Ger- 
many, in  Alsace.     Pop.  1488. 

Schweinau,  shvri'nSw,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  2  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Nuremberg.     Pop.  1775. 


Schweinfurt,  shwin'f66Rt,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
Main,  and  on  the  railway  from  Bamberg  to  Nuremberg,  22 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Wiirzburg.  Pop.  11,233.  It  has  several 
churches,  a  gymnasium,  a  high  school,  founded  by  Gustayus 
Adolphus,  various  other  schools,  and  manufactures  of 
leather,  linen,  and  woollen  cloths. 

ScliAveinitz,  shwi'nits,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
54  miles  N.E.  of  Merseburg,  on  the  Elster.     Pop.  1326. 

Schwelm,  shwSlm,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia, 
35  miles  W.S.W.  of  Arnsberg,  on  the  Elberfeld  &  Dort- 
mund Railway.  Pop.  7163.  It  has  a  gymnasium,  manu- 
factures of  steel  wares,  leather,  hardware,  fabrics  of  cotton, 
linen,  silk,  and  wool,  breweries,  and  bleaohing-grounds. 

Schwenksvilie,  shwdnks'vil,  or  Swauk'ville,  a 
village  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  on  Perkiomen  Creek,  and 
on  the  Perkiomen  Railroad,  18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Norris- 
town.  It  has  a  national  bank,  3  churches,  2  carriage-shops, 
and  a  manufactory  of  clothing.  Here  is  Swank ville  Post- 
Office.     Pop.  350. 

Schweuningen,  shw5n'ning-§n,  a  town  of  Wiirtem- 
berg,  Black  Forest,  on  the  Neckar,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Tuttlingcn.  Pop.  4498,  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of 
wooden  clocks. 

Schwerin,  shwi-reen',  a  town  of  Germany,  capital  of 
Mecklenburg-Schwerin,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Lake  of 
Schwerin,  and  on  the  railway  from  Hamburg  to  Wismar, 
35  miles  S.E.  of  Lubeck.  Lat.  53°  36'  N. ;  Ion.  11°  30'  E. 
Pop.  27,989.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  entered  by  seven  gates, 
and  divided  into  an  old  town,  a  new  town,  and  a  suburb. 
It  has  a  ducal  palace,  on  a  peninsula  in  the  lake,  a  cathe- 
dral, several  churches  and  asylums,  a  synagogue,  a  mint, 
government  offices,  a  gymnasium,  a  veterinary  school, 
manufiictures  of  woollen  cloths,  tobacco,  and  vinegar,  stone- 
works, foundries,  <tc.  The  Lake  of  Schwerin,  14  miles  in 
length,  flows  through  the  Stoer  on  theS.  to  the  Elde,  which 
enters  the  Elbe. 

Schwerin,  shwA-reen',  or  Skwierzyna,  sk^e-i-zhee'- 
ni,  a  town  of  Prussia,  60  miles  W.N.W.  of  Posen,  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Obra  with  the  Warta.  Pop.  6580.  It 
has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth  and  leather. 

Schwerscnz,  shwfiR'sSnts,  or  Swerzendz,  swSut'- 
sints,  a  town  of  Prussia,  6  miles  E.  of  Posen.'    Pop.  2923. 

Schwerte,  shwSsi't^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  West- 
phalia, 22  miles  W.  of  Arnsberg,  on  the  Ruhr.  Pop.  5104, 
who  manufacture  woollen  cloth  and  linens. 

Schwetz,  shwSts,  or  Swiecia,  8*e-4t'se-4,  a  town  of 
West  Prussia,  31  miles  S.W.  of  Marienwerder,  on  the  Vis- 
tula. Pop.  5210.  It  has  an  old  castle,  and  manufactures 
of  woollen  cloth,  damasks,  hosiery,  and  earthenware. 

Schwetzingen,  shw4t'sing-§n,  a  town  of  Baden,  on 
the  Leimbach,  6  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Heidelberg.  Pop.  4277. 
It  has  a  silk-mill,  and  manufactures  of  tobacco,  «kc. 

Schwieberdingen,  shwee'b?r-ding'§n,  a  village  of 
WUrtemberg,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1481. 

Schwiebus,  shweo'boos,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Bran- 
denburg, 41  miles  E.S.E.  of  Frankfort,  on  the  Sohwemme. 
It  has  a  castle,  a  brewery,  and  manufactures  of  woollen 
cloths.     Pop.  8087. 

Schwieloch,  shwee'IoK,  or  Schmielung,  shmee'- 
155ng,  a  lake  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg,  15  miles  N.E.  of 
LUbben.     Its  N.  part  is  traversed  by  the  Spree. 

Schwihau,  sbwee'how,  or  Swihow,  s^ee'how,  a  town 
of  Bohemia,  6  miles  N.  of  Klattau.     Pop.  1328. 

Schwytz,  or  Schwyz,  shwits,  written  also  Schwitz 
and  Schweitz,  one  of  the  four  forest-cantons  of  Switzer 
land,  nearly  in  the  centre  of  the  confederation,  to  which  it 
gave  name,  bordering  upon  the  Lake  of  Lucerne,  which 
separates  it  from  Unterwalden.  Area,  350  square  miles. 
Pop.  61,235,  nearly  all  Roman  Catholics.  The  surface  is 
mountainous.  The  Rostock  rises  to  8081  feet  and  the 
Righi  Culm  to  5905  feet  in  height.  The  principal  rivers 
are  the  Sihl  and  Muotta.  The  Lake  of  Zurich  forms  a  part 
of  its  N.  and  that  of  Zug  a  portion  of  its  W.  boundary. 
Some  wine  and  fruits  are  raised,  but  cattle-rearing  is  the 
chief  branch  of  industry.  The  manufactures  are  nearly 
confined  to  cotton  twist  and  domestic  fabrics.  The  prin- 
cipal towns  are  Schwytz,  Art,  Kussnacht,  and  Einsiedeln. 
Schwytz,  with  Uri  and  Unterwalden,  formed  in  1307  the 
nucleus  of  the  Swiss  Confederation. 

Schwytz,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  capital  of  the  above 
canton,  is  situated  in  the  Muotta  Valley,  at  the  foot  of  the 
Mythen  Mountains,  17  miles  E.  of  Lucerne.  Pop.  6154. 
The  principal  edifices  are  a  modern  church,  the  council- 
house,  with  a  collection  of  historical  paintings,  the  arsenal, 
containing  national  trophies,  the  record  office,  a  grammar- 
school,  a  convent,  and  a  Dominican  nunnery. 

Schyl,  or  Syll,  sheel  or  shil,  a  river  of  Europe,  rises 


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i)«»r  the  S.  frontier  of  Tmniiylvania,  flows  S.  by  E.,  and 
falls  into  the  Danube  60  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Widin,  opposite 
lUhova.    Total  oourse,  about  150  miles. 

Sciablese,  Savov.    SeeCRAni.Ais. 

Scinccn,  8k&k'k&  (ano.  Tker'mm  SeHnun'tinrnt),  a  sea- 
port town  of  Sicily,  on  its  S.  coast,  30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Qir- 
genti.  Pop.  17,736.  It  stands  on  a  stocp  oooiivity,  is  en- 
closed by  walls,  and  defended  by  bastions  towards  the  sea, 
and  by  the  castle  of  Luna  on  its  E.  side.  It  has  many 
large  churches,  oonvonts,  and  magazines,  and  is  one  of  the 
principal  depots  in  the  island  for  corn,  which  is  laid  up  in 
subterranean  earicalori.  It  has  manufivoturos  of  vases  of 
antique  sha])0,  and  an  export  trade  in  fruit,  anchovies,  sul- 
phur, and  barilla.  Immediately  adjacent,  on  the  £.,  are 
sulphur  and  saline  baths,  of  a  temperature  of  126°  and  60° 
Fahr.,  with  sudorific  grottos  cut  in  the  rock. 

Sciathns,  the  ancient  name  of  Skiatho. 

Scicli,  shik'loe,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  of  Syracuse, 
on  the  Scicli,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Modica.     Pop.  10,414. 

Sci'ence  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Somerset. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Science  Hill,  a  post-offico  of  Randolph  oo.,  N.C. 

Sciglio,  sheel'yo  (ano.  Scyllm'tim),  or  Scilla,  shil'lJl 
fane.  Scul'la),  a  celebrated  promontory  of  Italy,  on  the 
Strait  of  Messina,  Lat.  38°  14'  30"  N.;  Ion.  15°  45'  E.  It 
is  a  bold,  rocky  headland,  about  200  feet  high,  with  its  base 
deeply  scooped  out  by  the  action  of  the  waves.  It  is  situ- 
ated in  the  narrowest  part  of  the  strait,  and  opposite  to  the 
rocks  and  shoals  of  Charybdis,  where  strong  currents  meet 
and  make  wild  uproar.  The  ancients  fabled  that  in  a  cave 
at  the  base  of  this  promontory  dwelt  Soylla,  a  fearful  mon- 
ster, who  devoured  the  rash  or  unwary  mariners  who  ap- 
proached too  near;  under  this  figure  indicating  the  perils 
which  they  supposed  to  attend  on  this  fatal  spot.  In  mod- 
ern times,  however,  gunpowder  has  been  employed  in  re- 
moving some  of  the  more  formidable  rocks,  and  the  action 
of  the  water  may  in  course  of  time  have  somewhat  widened 
the  channel.  Owing,  probably,  in  some  measure  to  these 
causes,  modern  navigators  find  it  comparatively  easy  to 
avoid  Scylla  without  falling  into  Ciiarybdis. 

Scilla,  shil'll  or  sheel'lJl,  or  Sciglio,  sheel'yo  (anc. 
Scyllm' um),  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Reggio  di  Calabria, 
at  the  N.  entrance  of  the  Strait  of  Messina,  on  the  above 
promontory.  Lat.  38°  14'  5"  N. ;  Ion.  15°  45'  E.  Pop. 
5835,  mostly  seafaring  people.  It  has  a  strong  fort.  It 
Buffered  greatly  in  the  earthquake  of  1783. 

Scilly,  sil'lee,  a  fishing  village  of  Ireland,  in  Munster, 
00.  of  Cork,  forming  a  maritime  suburb  of  Kinsale. 

Scilly  (sil'lee)  Cove,  avillagein  the  district  of  Trinity, 
Newfoundland,  33  miles  from  Harbor  Grace.     Pop.  560. 

Scilly  (sil'lee)  Islands  (Fr.  SorUnguen,  souM^n^'),  off 
the  S.W.  coast  of  England,  co.  of  Cornwall,  30  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Land's  End.  Lat.  of  light-house  on  St.  Agnes,  49° 
63'  N. ;  Ion.  6°  20'  W.  They  consist  of  about  140  islets, 
besides  many  rocks,  the  principal  of  the  former  being  St. 
Mary's,  Tresco,  St.  Martin,  Brehar,  St.  Agnes,  and  Samp- 
son. Aggregate  area,  5770  acres.  Population  employed  in 
fishing,  agriculture,  and  manufacturing  kelp.  The  Scilly 
Islands  rise  abruptly  from  a  deep  sea,  and  form  a  compact 
group  about  30  miles  in  circumference.  They  consist  for 
the  most  part  of  granite.  The  climate  is  mild,  and  the  soil 
in  part  fertile,  producing  good  barley,  rye,  oats,  and  potatoes. 
Ilughtown,  the  capital,  on  the  island  of  St.  Mary's,  is  the 
seat  of  a  court,  which  administers  the  civil  government  of 
the  islands,  and  it  has  a  pier,  fort,  and  custom-house,  but 
Tresco  is  the  residence  of  the  lord  proprietor.  They  have 
several  light-houses  and  secure  roadsteads,  but  numerous 
shipwrecks  have  occurred  on  them.  They  have  been  con- 
sidered the  Caatiteridea  or  tin-islttnds  of  the  ancients,  but 
they  have  no  mines  of  tin  or  any  other  metal.     Pop.  2090. 

Scilly  Islands,  a  group  in  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Lat. 
16°28'S.;  Ion,  156°  10'  W. 

Scinde,  a  country  of  Asia.     See  Sinde. 

Scindia's  Dominion,  India.    See  Gwalior. 

Scio,  shee'o  or  si'o,  written  also  Khio,  Khios,  and 
Skio  (modern  Gr.  Xio,  Chio,  nee'o;  anc.  CAi'o«),  an  island 
belonging  to  Turkey,  off  the  W.  coast  of  Asia  Minor,  4 
miles  VV.  of  Cape  Bianco,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the 
Strait  of  Seio.  Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  32  miles ;  greatest 
breadth,  18  miles.  Area,  508  square  miles.  The  surface  is 
very  much  diversified,  and  it  is  one  of  the  richest  and  most 
beautiful  islands  of  the  Levant.  The  principal  products 
are  wine  of  superior  quality,  mastic,  silk,  wool,  cheese,  figs, 
lemons,  oranges,  and  other  fruits.  Previous  to  1822  this 
island  was  the  most  prosperous  in  the  Grecian  Archipelago, 
and  had  thriving  silk-manufactories,  and  considerable  trade 


with  Constantinople,  Syria,  and  Egypt;  but  in  the  above 
year,  some  of  its  inhabiUmts  having  joined  the  Samians  in 
their  revolt,  nearly  all  the  population,  coraprising  from 
120,000  to  130,000  persons,  were  massacred  or  sold  into 
slavery,  and  the  buildings  and  plantations  wore  for  the 
most   part   destroyed.     Capital,   Seio.     Pop.  estimated   at 

60,000. Adj.  and  inhab.  Chiot,  kee'ot,  or  Scior,  shee'ot; 

or  Chi'an  when  the  ancient  island  is  referred  to. 

Scio,  or  Cas'tro,  a  town,  the  capital  of  the  above 
island,  near  the  middle  of  the  E.  coast.  It  consists  for  the 
most  part  of  houses  of  stone  or  brick,  is  defended  by  a 
castle,  has  manufactures  of  velvet  and  some  lighter  fabrics, 
and  at  its  harbor,  which  is  formed  by  two  moles  and  pro. 
vided  with  two  light-houses,  carries  on  a  considerable  trade. 
It  is  the  see  of  a  Latin  bishop.     Pop   14,600. 

Scio,  si'o,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Scio  township,  on  the  Huron  River,  and  on  the  Michigan 
Central  Railroad,  about  6  miles  N.W.  of  Ann  Arbor,  and  44 
miles  W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  a  flour-mill.  The  village  of 
Dexter  is  in  this  township.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2127. 

Scio,  a  post-village  in  Scio  township,  Alleghany  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Genesee  River,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  4^ 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Belmont.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufao 
tures  of  staves,  heading,  and  tubs.  Pop.  about  600 ;  of  th* 
township,  1641. 

Scio,  a  post-village  in  North  township,  Harrison  co,, 
0,,  at  New  ftlarket  Station  on  the  Pan-Handle  Railroad, 
116  miles  E.  of  Columbus.  Here  is  a  Methodist  institution 
called  "  One  Study  University."  It  has  3  churches  ond  a 
money-order  post-ofiice.     Pop.'  about  600. 

Scio,  a  post-village  of  Linn  co.,  Oregon,  near  the  North 
Fork  of  the  Santiam  River,  21  miles  S.S.E.  of  Salem.  It 
has  2  churches  and  the  Scio  College, 

Sciola,8i-o'la,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Nodaway  River,  9  miles  N.  of  Villisca,  and  about  15 
miles  E.  of  Red  Oak.     It  has  a  church. 

Scioize,  shold'zi,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  11 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Turin.     Pop.  1208. 

Sciota,  si-o'ta,  a  post-village  in  Sciota  township, 
McDonough  co..  III.,  on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  <k  Warsaw 
Railroad,  12  miles  W.  of  Bushncll,  and  about  26  miles 
S.E.  of  Burlington,  Iowa.  It  has  2  churches.  A  large 
quantity  of  corn  is  shipped  here.     Pop.  of  township,  1501. 

Sciota,  a  township  of  Shiawassee  co.,  Mich.      P.  1312. 

Sciota,  a  township  of  Dakota  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  301. 

Sciota,  or  Scioto,  a  post-village  in  Chazy  township, 
Clinton  eo.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  &  Canada  Railroad,  15 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Plattsburg.  It  has  2  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  shingles,  cradles,  <S;c. 

Sciota  vale,  si-o'ta-val,  post-office,  Bradford  co..  Pa. 

Scioto,  si-o'to,  a  beautiful  river  of  Ohio,  rises  in  Hardin 
CO.,  and  runs  eastward  to  Berwick,  Marion  co.,  where  it 
turns  to  the  right.  Below  this  place  its  general  direction  ii 
nearly  southward.  It  intersects  the  cos.  of  Delaware, 
Franklin,  Pickaway,  Ross,  Pike,  and  Scioto,  and  enters 
the  Ohio  River  at  Portsmouth.  It  is  nearly  300  miles  long. 
The  largest  towns  on  its  banks  are  Columbus,  Circleville, 
Chillicothe,  and  Portsmouth.  The  Ohio  <fc  Erie  Canal  ex- 
tends along  this  river  from  its  mouth  to  Columbus,  about 
100  miles. 

Scioto,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Ohio,  bordering  on 
Kentucky,  has  an  area  of  about  625  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Ohio  River,  is  intersected  by  the 
Scioto  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Little  Scioto  and 
Brush  Creeks.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it 
is  covered  with  forests.  The  staple  products  of  the  soil  are 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  grass.  Iron  is  the  chief 
article  of  export.  The  value  of  the  forged  iron  produced  in 
1870  was  $747,837,  and  that  of  the  pig-iron  $553,000. 
Fire-clay  and  limestone  are  found  in  this  county.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Ohio  Canal,  the  Scioto  Valley  Railroad, 
and  a  branch  of  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad.  Cn])- 
ital,  Portsmouth,  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate, 
$19,624,631,  Pop,  in  1870,  29,302,  of  whom  25,727  were 
Americans;  in  1880,  33,511, 

Scioto,  a  township  of  Delaware  oo.,  0.     Pop,  1542. 

Scioto,  a  station  of  Franklin  eo.,  0.,  on  the  Scioto 
River  and  the  railroad  between  Columbus  and  Urbana,  4 
miles  N.W.  of  Columbus, 

Scioto,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  0.     Pop.  1505. 

Scioto,  a  township  of  Pickaway  co.,  0.     Pop.  2310. 

Scioto,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  0.     Pop.  772, 

Scioto,  a  township  of  Ross  co.,  0.     Pop.  1751. 

Scioto,  Scioto  CO.,  0.    See  Harrlsonville. 

Scioto,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hamilton  township,  Monroe 
00.,  Pa.,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Stroudsburg,  and  about  20  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Easton.     It  has  a  tannery. 


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Scioto  Fur'nace,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scioto  co.,  0.,  in 
Bloom  township,  on  the  Portsmouth  Branch  of  the  Marietta 
k  Cincinnati  Railroad,  15  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Portsmouth. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  furnace  for  pig-iron. 

Sciotoville,  a  post-village  in  Porter  township,  Scioto 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  Marietta  <fe  Cincinnati 
Railroad,  6  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Portsmouth.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  graded  school,  and  3  manufactories  of  fire- 
bricks and  retorts. 

Scipan,  an  island  of  Dalmatia.    See  Giupana. 

Scipio,  sip'e-o,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.     P.  420. 

Scipio,  a  hamlet  in  Springfield  township,  Franklin  co., 
InJ.,  about  15  miles  AV.  of  Hamilton,  0. 

ScipiO)  a  post-village  in  Geneva  township,  Jennings  co., 
Ind.,  on  Sand  Creek,  and  on  the  JefTersonville,  Madison  <fc 
Indianapolis  Railroad,  31  miles  N.N.W.  of  Madison.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  2  flour-mills. 

Scipio,  a  township  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  856. 

Scipio,  a  post-village  of  Anderson  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Leavenworth,  Lawrence  <fc  Galveston  Railroad,  about  44 
miles  S.  of  Lawrence.     It  has  a  church  and  a  convent. 

Scipio,  a  township  of  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1009. 

Scipio,  a  post-village  in  Scipio  township,  Cayuga  co., 
K.Y.,  about  10  miles  S.  of  Auburn.  It  has  2  churches. 
The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Owasco  Lake,  is 
traversed  by  the  Southern  Central  Railroad,  and  contains  a 
hamlet  named  Sherwood.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1920. 

Scipio,  a  station  in  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  W.  shore 
of  Owasco  Lake,  and  on  the  Southern  Central  Railroad,  11 
miles  S.  of  Auburn. 

Scipio,  a  township  of  Meigs  co.,  0.     Pop.  1761. 

Scipio,  a  township  of  Seneca  co.,  0.     Pop.  1635. 

Scipio,  a  post-oflBce  of  Millard  co.,  Utah. 

Scipio  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Scipio  township, 
Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Ithaca,  Auburn  &,  Western  Rail- 
road, about  12  miles  S.  of  Auburn. 

Scipioville,  sip'o-o-vil,  a  post-hamlet  in  Scipio  town- 
ehip,  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  12  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Auburn.  It 
has  2  churches,  2  stores,  and  a  tannery. 

Scircleville,  ser'k^l-vil,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  Lafayette,  Muncie  <fc  Bloomington  Railroad, 
llj  miles  E.  of  Frankfort.  It  has  a  church,  and  a  manu- 
factory of  farming-implements. 

Scitico,  skit'§-ko,  a  post-village  in  Enfield  township, 
Hartford  co..  Conn.,  on  the  Scantic  River,  and  on  the  Con- 
necticut Central  Railroad,  about  20  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Hart- 
ford. It  has  a  church,  a  paper-mill,  a  powder-mill,  and  a 
plough-factory. 

Scituate,  sit'u-at,  or  Scituate  Harbor,  a  post-vil- 
lage in  Scituate  township,  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  At- 
lantic Ocean,  nearly  1  mile  from  the  Old  Colony  Railroad, 
and  27  miles  E.S.E.  of  Boston.  It  has  several  churches,  a 
«avings-bank,  and  m.anufactories  of  boots  and  shoes.  It  has 
%  rocky  shore  formed  of  syenite  or  granite.  Pop.  in  1 880, 
787.  The  township  contains  also  villages  named  North 
Scituate  and  AVest  Scituate,  and  a  pop.  of  2466. 

Scituate,  a  township  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.     P.  4101. 

Scitnate  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Scituate  township, 
Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  26i  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Boston. 

Sclavonia,  a  province  of  Hungary.    See  Slavoxia. 

Sclayn,  sklin,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  10 
miles  E.  of  Namur,  on  the  Mouse.     Pop.  1586. 

Scobeyville,  sko'be-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monmouth 
CO.,  N.J.,  about  8  miles  S.AV.  of  Red  Bank. 

Scodra,  the  ancient  name  of  Scutari. 

Scofield,  sko'feeld,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  Mich., 
In  Exeter  township,  on  the  Canada  Southern  Railroad,  34 
miles  S.AV.  of  Detroit.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures 
of  bricks,  wagons,  staves,  and  heading.     Pop.  about  150. 

Scofield,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co..  Pa. 

Scoglio  Grande,  sk6l'yo  grin'dd,  the  largest  of  the 
Brioni  Islands,  in  the  Adriatic,  off  the  W.  coast  of  Istria, 
4  miles  N.W.  of  Pola.  On  its  E.  side  is  the  village  of 
Brioni. 

Scoglio  Grande,  one  of  the  Ponza  Islands,  in  the 
Mediterranean,  off  the  W.  coast  of  Naples. 

Scombi,  skom'bee,  a  river  of  Albania,  rises  on  the 
border  of  Macedonia,  and,  after  a  AV.  course  of  130  miles, 
enters  the  Adriatic  15  miles  S.  of  Durazzo. 

Scone,  skoon,  a  parish  of  Scotland,  co.  and  2J  miles  N. 
of  Perth.  Pop.  2300,  of  whom  1477  are  in  the  village  of 
New  Scone,  which  is  substantially  built.  At  ancient  Scone, 
of  which  almost  the  only  remnant  is  a  market-cross,  the 
kings  of  Scotland  were  formerly  crowned,  on  a  famous  stone 
now  preserved  in  AA''estminster  Abbey.  Here  were  an  abbey 
and  a  royal  palace  of  the  Scottish  kings.  .       I 


Sconondoa,  sko-non-do'a,  a  hamlet  of  Oneida  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Verona  township,  1  mile  E.  of  Oneida. 

Scooba,  skoo'ba,  a  post-village  of  Kemper  co..  Mis."., 
on  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  41  miles  N.N.E.  of  Me- 
ridian. It  has  a  newspaper  office  and  a  church.  Pop. 
estimated  at  500. 

Scopelo,  island,  Grecian  Archipelago.    See  Skopello. 

Scopia,  a  town  of  European  Turkey.     See  Uskup. 

Scordia,  skoit-dee'i,  a  town  of  Sicily,  17  miles  S.AV.  of 
Catania.     Pop.  6203.     It  is  noted  for  its  oranges. 

Scorff,  skonf,  a  river  of  France,  in  Morbihan,  after  a 
S.  course  of  30  miles,  enters  the  harbor  of  Lorient.  It  U 
navigable  to  Pontscorff,  a  distance  of  7  miles. 

Scorrano,  skou-ni'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Lecce, 
E.N.E.  of  Gallipoli.     It  has  2  convents.     Pop.  1851. 

Scotch  Block,  a  post-village  in  Halton  co.,  Ontario, 
6  miles  S.  of  Georgetown.  It  contains  2  saw-  and  2  flour- 
ing-mills.     Pop.  150. 

Scotch  Bush,  a  post-hamlet  in  Florida  township, 
Montgomery  co.,  N.Y.,  6  miles  S.  of  Amsterdam.     P.  120. 

Scotch  Corner.     See  Richjioxd  Corner. 

Scotch  Corners,  Ontario.    See  Du.ntroon. 

Scotch  Fort,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co.,  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  on  Hillsborough  River,  15  miles  from  Char- 
lottetown.     Pop.  100. 

Scotch  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  in  Scotch  Grove  town- 
ship, Jones  CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Davenport  <fc  Northwestern 
Railroad,  63  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Davenport,  and  about  11 
miles  N.E.  of  Annmosa.  It  has  a  church.  The  township 
is  drained  by  the  South  Fork  of  the  Maquoketa  River,  and 
has  a  pop.  of  821. 

Scotch  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarion  co..  Pa.,  15  miles 
S.E.  of  Tioncsta,  and  about  26  miles  E.S.E.  of  Oil  City.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  high  school. 

Scotch  Plains,  Union  co.,  N.J.     See  Fanwood. 

Scotch  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  in  AVebster  township, 
AV'ood  CO.,  0.,  3  miles  from  Pembcrville.    It  has  3  churches. 

Scotch  Town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y., 
about  18  miles  AV.  by  S.  of  Newburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Scotia,  sko'she-a,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Greeley  co., 
Neb.,  45  miles  by  rail  N.  by  AV.  of  Grand  Island.  Pop. 
about  750. 

Scotia,  a  post-village  in  Glenville  township,  Schenec- 
tady CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Mohawk  River,  18  miles  N.AV.  of 
Albany,  and  1  mile  S.  of  Schenectiidy.  It  has  65  dwell- 
ings, 2  churches,  a  broom-factory,  and  a  rope- walk. 

Scotia  (Benoro  P.  0.),  the  name  of  an  iron-mining 
village  in  Centre  co..  Pa.,  the  property  of  Carnegie  Bros. 
&  Co.,  26  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Tyrone.  The  mines  yield 
an  output  of  from  350  to  450  tons  per  day.     Pop.  200. 

Scotland,  skot'land  (anc.  Caledo'nia;  It.  Scozia,8kod'- 
ze-i;  Sp.  .Escocirt,  ds-ko'the-i;  Fr.  Ecotse,  d^koss';  Ger. 
Schottland,  shott'lint;  Dutch,  Schotland,  SKot'lint),  the  N, 
division  of  the  island  of  Great  Britain,  between  lat.  54" 
38'  and  58°  40'  24"  N.  and  Ion.  1°  46'  and  6°  8'  30"  AV. 
It  is  separated  from  England  on  th^  S.E.  by  the  Tweed, 
S.AV.  by  the  Solway  Firth,  and  S.  partly  by  the  Cheviot 
Hills,  and  is  bounded  E.  by  the  North  Sea,  and  N.  and  AV. 
by  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  The  greatest  length,  from  N.N.E. 
to  S.S.AV.,  between  Dunnet  Head  and  the  Mull  of  Galloway, 
is  287  miles.  The  breadth,  measured  from  N.E.  to  S.AV., 
between  Kinnaird's  Head  and  the  Mull  of  Kintyrc,  is  217 
miles;  and  on  the  parallels  of  56°,  57°,  and  58°  respect- 
ively, 120,  125,  and  43  miles.  Between  Alloa,  on  the  Forth, 
and  Dumbarton,  on  the  Clyde,  the  width  is  diminished  to  33 
miles ;  and  farther  N.,  between  Dornoch  Firth  on  the  E. 
and  Loch  Broom  on  the  AV.,  it  does  not  exceed  24  miles. 
These  measurements  apply  only  to  the  mainland,  for  nu- 
merous islands  line  its  coasts  and  form  one  of  their  pecu- 
liar features.  On  the  E.  coast  these  islands  are  few  and 
small ;  but  on  the  N.  the  two  large  groups  of  the  Orkneys 
and  Shetlands  form  a  separate  county,  while  on  the  AV.  a 
series  of  groups  (the  Hebrides  or  AVestern  Isles)  stretch 
almost  uninterruptedly  from  N.  to  S.,  at  a  short  distance 
from  the  coast,  and  form  no  insignificant  portion  of  the 
whole  area  of  the  country.  The  largest  of  them  are  Lewis, 
North  Uist,  South  Uist,  Skye,  Mull,  Jura,  and  Islay.  In  the 
S.AV.  the  islands  of  Arran  and  Bute  form  a  separate  county 
under  the  name  of  the  latter.  On  the  AV.,  arms  of  the  sea 
penetrate  inland,  forming  narrow  salt-water  estuaries,  the 
chief  of  which  are  Loch  Long,  between  Argyleshire  and 
Dumbartonshire,  Loch  Fyne  and  Loch  Linnhe  in  Argyle- 
shire, and  Loch  Eil  in  Inverness-shire  ;  in  Ross-shire,  Lochs 
Carron,  Torridon,  Gair,  Ewe,  Gruinard,  Broom,  and  Enard  ; 
in  Suthorlandshire,  Lochs  Assynt  and  Laxford.  In  addi- 
tion to  these  there  are  innumerable  fresh-water  lochs.  On  the 
E.  the  indentations  are  called  firths,  comprising  the  Forth, 


800 


2139 


SCO 


Tay,  Moray,  Domooh,  and  Cromarty  j  and  on  the  W.  ooaet 
is  the  Firth  of  Clyde,  which  ia  of  great  oommeroial  iinpor< 
tanee.    The  Atiantio  and  North  Sea  are  connected  by  the 
Caledonian  Cuniil,  Loch  Fyne  and  the  Atlantic  by  the  Crinan 
Canal,  and   the   rivers    Forth   and  Clyde  by  the  Forth  & 
Clyde  Canal.    There  are  numerous  headlands  and  promon- 
tories on  the  ooiwt,  the  chief  of  which  are  St.  Abb  s  Head, 
Berwickshire;    Fifeneas,  a  low,  sandy  headland,  the  ter- 
mination of  the  peninsuU  of  Fife;  Iiuddonno!i«,  in  Forfar- 
shire, with  a  light-house;  Qirdlonoss,  with  alight-house,  at 
the  mouth  of  the   Dee,   in  Kincardineshire;  Uuehannexs, 
with  a  light-house,  in  Aberdeenshire,  and  the  most  easterly 
land   in   Scotland ;    Kinnaird'a   Head,  also  with  a   light- 
house, at  the  entrance  of  Moray  Firth  ;  Tarbetness,  with  a 
light-house,  on  a  peninsula  between  the  Dornoch  and  Bcauly 
Firths,  in  Roes-shire;  Clythenoss,  Noss  Head,  Ilolborn  Head, 
Dunoansby  Head,  and  Dunnot  Head,  the  latter  with  a  light- 
house, in  Caithness;  Strathey  Point,  Whiten   Head,  Far- 
Out  Head,  Assynt  Point,  and  Cape  Wrath,  with  a  light- 
house, in  Suthcrlandshiro ;  the  Mull  of  Cantyre,  with  a 
light-house,  at  the  entrance  to  the  Clyde,  besides  Toward 
and  Cloch  Points,  with  light-houses,  on  the  Clyde ;  Corse- 
wall  Point,  with  a  light-house,  at  the  N.W.  extremity  of 
the  Rhinns  of  Ghilloway  ;  Mull  Head  and  the  Mull  of  Gal- 
loway, the  last  with  a  light-house,  in  Wigtownshire ;  besides 
numerous  other  headlands.   The  chief  rivers  are  the  Tweed, 
Forth,  Tay,  North  and  South  Esk,  Dee,  Don,  Devcron, 
Lossie,  Findhorn,  Spey,  Ness,  Conon,  Brora,  Helmsdale,  and 
Wick,  on  the  eastern  side ;  and  the  Annan,  Nith,  Dee,  Croc, 
Ayr,  Doon,  and  Clyde,  on  the  S.  and  W.     The  principal 
harbors  and  piers  on  the  E.  coast  are  Berwick,  Leith,  Gran- 
ton,  Burntisland,  Grangemouth,  and  the  roadsteads  of  Inch- 
koith  and  St.  Margaret's  Hope;  on  the  N.E.,  Dundee  and 
Aberdeen;  and  on  the  W.,  Greenock,  Port  Glasgow,  Dum- 
barton, Stranraer,  Troon,  Ardrossan,  and  Glasgow.     Moun- 
tains are  numerous :  the  Grampian  range  (which  marks 
the  two  great  divisions  of  the  country  into  a  N.  or  High- 
land and  a  S.  or  Lowland  region)  commences  with  Ben 
Nevis  (the  highest  summit  in  the  United  Kingdom,  4368 
feet),  in  the  S.AV.  corner  of  Inverness-shire,  and  extends 
in  a  N.E,  direction,  intersecting  the  country  to  near  the 
E.  shores  of  Aberdeenshire,   with  branches  stretching  S. 
to  the  Tay  and  N.  and  N.W.  to  the  shores  of  the  Moray 
Firth.     The  Grampians,  with  their  oflFsets,  form  an  exten- 
sive mountain-chain,  with  elevations  varying  from  4400  to 
3000  and  2000  feet  above  the  sea.     The  valley  of  the  Cale- 
donian Canal  separates  this  region  from  the  mountainous 
district  of  Sutherlandshire,  which  terminates  at  Cape  Wrath. 
S.  of  the  Grampians  is  Strathmore,  or  the  great  valley  of 
Scotland.   On  the  S.,  bordering  on  England,  are  the  Cheviot 
Hills;  in  the  S.E.,  the  Lammermuirs;  and  to  the  N.  of 
Dumfriesshire,  the  Southern  Highlands.    The   geological 
formation  of  the  country  comprises  granite,  porphyry,  Si- 
lurian schists,  marble  and  quartz  rock,  with  occasionally 
metallic  veins;  while  the  old  red  sandstone  formation  fills 
up  the  valleys  and  th8  coast-line  on  each  side  N.  and  S.  of 
the  Grampian  Mountains,  extending,  with  the  exception  of 
the  E.  part  of  Aberdeenshire  and  the  N.W.  part  of  Suth- 
erland, along  the  whole  coasts  of  Scotland,  both  E.  and  W. 
sides,  from  the  Tay  and  Clyde  northward.    In  the  extreme 
N.W.  the  Laurentian  rocks  are  developed.      The  middle 
portion  of  Scotland,  from  St.  Andrews  to  St.  Abb's  Head, 
and  in  corresponding  lines  westward  to  Dumbarton,  com- 
prehends the  great  coal-field  of  the  country,  intersected  by 
the  greenstone  ranges  of  the.Ochil  Hills  on  the  N.,  and  the 
Lanarkshire  Hills,  Pentland?,  and  Fife  Lomonds  in  the 
centre.     Another  coal  district  extends  also  into  Berwick- 
shire and  part  of  Roxburgh;  while  the  whole  region  from 
the  Lammermuir  range  S.  and  W.  into  Peebles,  Dumfries- 
shire, and  Wigtownshire  is  composed  of  the  Lower  and 
Upper  Silurian  formations.     Limestone  and  ironstone  are 
found  in  the  coal  districts,  lead  ore  in  the  schistose  districts 
of  Leadhills,  silver  in  the  Ochil  Hills,  with  lead,  antimony, 
and  manganese  in  the  primary  range  of  the  Grampians. 
Traces  of  nearly  all  the  secondary  strata  are  found  in  the 
north  and  in  the  Western  Islands.     Temperature  in  the  W. 
and  S.  parts  mild,  but  humid  ;  the  central  elevated  regions, 
chill  and  humid ;  the  eastern  plains  and  Lowlands,  more 
genial,  though  exposed  in  spring  to  chill  easterly  winds. 
In  the  Lowlands  the  summer  is  not  so  warm,  but  the  winter 
is,  on  the  whole,  milder  than  that  of  England,  and  the  cli- 
mate is  salubrious  and  favorable  to  longevity.     From  me- 
teorological observations  at  39  different  localities,  extending 
over  all  parts  of  the  mainland  and  islands,  for  the  five  years 
1857-61,  the  mean  temperature  for  January  was  38.03° 
Fahr.,  and  for  July,  57.6°.     Mean  annual  temperature  of 
mainland,  47.9°  Fahr.     In  general,  much  more  rain  £aIU 


on  the  W.  coast  than  on  the  E.  Prevailing  winds,  W.  and 
S.W. ;  tu  spring,  N.  and  N.E.  The  central,  W.,  and  N.W. 
districts  are  chiefly  grazing  and  pastoral,  the  valleys  ond 
plains  of  the  E.  and  S.E.  districta  agricultural.  The  allu. 
vial  or  oarso  lands  of  Stirling,  Falkirk,  and  Gowrie,  the 
plains  of  the  Lothiana  and  Clydesdale,  portions  of  Fifesliire, 
Berwickshire,  and  Roxburghshire,  in  the  S.,and  Moruyshir* 
and  Ross-shire  in  the  N.,  are  highly  cultivated,  ond  all  the 
usual  agricultural  products  are  raised.  Sheup-furuiing  i« 
the  great  specialty  of  Scottish  husbandry.  Farms  are  hold 
almost  universally  on  leases;  the  majority  of  them  having 
an  area  of  from  100  to  500  acres.  Except  in  the  greater 
preponderance  of  Alpine  plants,  the  flora  of  Scotland  re- 
sembles very  much  that  of  England.  There  are  about  3230 
indigenous  plants.  Extensive  j)ine  forests  abound,  and 
fruit  trees  thrive  well.  Grouse  and  ptarmigan  abound  in 
the  moors.  Salmon  and  trout  abound  in  the  rivers,  and 
herrings,  cod,  haddocks,  and  other  fish  in  the  seas.  The 
leading  manufactures  are  of  cotton,  linen,  woollen,  glass, 
and  stoneware;  coal-  and  iron-working,  ship-building, 
coach-building,  and  whisky-distilling  are  pursued.  Tho 
country  is  everywhere  intersected  with  excellent  roada,  and 
railway  communication  to  all  the  leading  towns.  In  1877, 
2726  miles  of  railway  were  open,  and  several  connecting 
branch  lines  projected  and  in  course  of  formation.  The  prin- 
cipal canals  are  the  Forth  <t  Clyde,  Union,  Crinan,  und 
Caledonian.  Scotland  is  divided  into  33  counties,  the  areoa 
and  populations  of  which  in  1871  were  as  follows  : 


Counties. 


Aberdeen 

Argyle  and  Isles 

Ayr „ „ 

IJiinff. 

Berwick „ 

Bute 

Caitlineas „ 

Cluckmaunan 

Dumbarton 

Dumfries 

Kdiiiburgh 

Klgiii  or  Moray 

Fife 

Forfar  ( A  ngus) 

Haddingtou „ 

Inverness  aud  Isles .... 

Kincardine , 

Kinross „ 

Kirlicudbright  (Stowartry) 

Lanark 

Linlithgow , 

Nairn » _ 

Orkney , 

Shetland..... , 

Peebles „ , 

Perth „ 

Renfrew 

Ross  and  Cromarty,  and  Islands. 

Roxburgh 

S<-lkirk 

Stirling 

SMtborland 

Wigtown 

Total 


Area  In 

Pop.  in 

sq.  m. 

1881. 

1,970 

207,990 

3,256 

7fi,408 

1,149 

217/)19 

C86 

62,736 

4M 

35,392 

225 

17.067 

712 

39,992 

60 

25,680 

270 

75,333 

1,103 

70.140 

307 

389.104 

Ml 

43,788 

613 

171,931 

890 

200,300 

280 

38,502 

4256 

90,464 

388 

34,404 

78 

0.09V 

964 

42,127 

889 

804,412 

127 

43,510 

216 

10,465 

93S 

/  32,044 
1  29,705 

.S56 

13,822 

2,601 

129,007 

254 

2ft'<.374 

3,151 

78,547 

670 

53,442 

2G0 

25,664 

4G7 

112,443 

1,886 

23.370 

612 

38,611 

30,463 


3,735,573 


In  each  of  the  counties  are  a  lord-lieutenant,  a  sheriff- 
depute  and  substitute,  and  local  justices.  The  courts  of 
session  and  justiciary  exercise  the  supremo  jurisdiction. 
The  papal  supremacy  was  abolished  in  the  national  church 
in  1560,  when  the  Presbyterian  form  of  worship  was  sub- 
stituted, with  local  presbyteries  and  synods,  and  a  Gen- 
eral Assembly  meeting  yearly  in  Edinburgh.  Since  1712, 
the  right  of  appointing  to  livings  is  vested  in  the  crown,  or 
with  private  parties.  A  secession  on  account  of  patronage 
took  place  in  1741.  In  1834  the  Veto  Act  passed  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly,  modifying  the  right  of  patronage  ;  but,  thia 
Act  having  been  overthrown  by  Parliament,  a  disruption 
took  place  in  1843,  when  470  clergymen,  along  with  a  large 
number  of  adherents,  left  the  Establishment  and  formed 
the  Free  Church.  In  1871  there  were  494,860  scholars,  or 
14.72  per  cent,  of  the  population,  being  nearly  the  same 
proportion  as  in  England.  The  Roman  Catholic  Church 
in  the  seventeenth  century  was  dominant  in  the  western 
portion  of  the  country,  and  in  the  islands  of  Inverness-shire 
and  Ross-shire.  Its  chief  seat  now  is  in  the  Hebrides,  on 
the  west  coast  and  islands  of  Inverness-shire,  and  in  the 
cos.  of  Aberdeen  and  Banff.  In  the  island  of  Barra  fully 
one-half  of  the  population  are  Roman  Catholics.  Irish  im- 
migration has  greatly  increased  the  number  of   Roman 


soo 


2421 


SCO 


Catholics  in  the  large  towns.  The  Gaelic  language  still 
prevails  in  the  Hebrides,  and  in  the  west  and  inland  parts 
of  Argyle-,  Inverness-,  Ross-,  Sutherland-,  and  Caithness- 
shires;  but  it  is  rapidly  receding  from  the  Lowland  borders. 
The  old  Scottish  language  is  a  cognate  Teutonic  dialect,  now 
being  gradually  superseded  by  modern  English,  though  it 
will  live  in  literature.  Scotland,  previously  an  independent 
kingdom,  was  joined  to  England  in  1603,  on  the  accession 
of  James  VI.,  and  a  legislative  union  of  the  two  kingdoms 
took  place  in  1707.  By  this  treaty  16  peers,  elected  from 
the  whole  body  of  Scottish  peers,  represented  the  country 
in  the  House  of  Lords ;  and  the  counties  returned  30  and 
the  boroughs  15  members  to  the  House  of  Commons.  In 
1832  the  borough  members  were  increased  to  23.  In  1875 
there  were  60  members, — 32  for  the  counties,  11  for  the  larger 
cities  and  towns,  15  for  districts  of  burghs,  and  two  for  the 
universities.  Capital,  Edinburgh.  Scotland  still  retains  its 
ancient  system  of  jurisprudence,  based  upon  the  Roman,  or 

civil,  law. Adj.  Scotch  or  Scot'tish  (Fr.  Ecossais,  d,'kos^- 

si' ;  Gor.  Sciiottisch,  shott'ish,  or  Sciiottlandisch,  shott'- 
JAnd'ish  ;  Sp.  Escoces,  ds-ko-th5s' ;  It.  Scoziano,  skod-ze- 
i'no;  Dutch,  ScHOTSCH,  SKotsh) ;  inhab.  Scotch'mak  (the 
French,  Spanish,  and  Italian  are  the  same  as  the  adjective; 
Ger.  ScHOTTE,  shot't^h  ;  Dutch,  Schots'man). 

Scot'land,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Missouri,  bor- 
dering on  Iowa,  has  an  area  of  about  420  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Middle  Fabius,  North  Fabius,  and 
Wyaconda  Rivers,  which  run  southeastward.  The  surface 
is  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  pork,  and 
butter  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by 
the  Missouri,  Iowa  <fc  Nebraska  Railroad.  Capital,  Mem- 
phis. Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $8,250,000. 
Pop.  in  1870,  10,670;  in  1880,  12,508. 

Scotland,  a  post-ofiice  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Ark. 

Scotland,  a  station  in  Hartford  co.,  Conn.,  on  the  Con- 
necticut Western  Railroad,  9i  miles  N.N.W.  of  Hartford. 

Scotland,  a  post-village  in  Scotland  township,  Wind- 
ham CO.,  Conn.,  7  miles  E.  of  Willimantic,  and  about  11 
miles  N.  of  Norwich.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  warp-mill. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  643.  The  village  is  2  or  3  miles  N. 
of  Scotland  Station,  which  is  on  the  New  York  &  New  Eng- 
land Railroad,  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Willimantic. 

Scotland,  a  post-office  of  Bon  Homme  oc,  Dakota,  25 
miles  N.W.  of  Yankton. 

Scotland,  a  township  of  McDonough  co.,  111.     P.  1162. 

Scotland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Ind.,  10  miles 
S.B.  of  Bloomfield,  and  about  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Vincennes. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Scotland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Bridgewater  township,  about  30  miles  S.  of  Boston.  It  has 
a  church. 

Scotland,  a  post-office  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn. 

Scotland,  a  post-village  in  Jackson  township,  Jasper 
CO.,  Mo.,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Carthago.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
lead-mine.     Pop.  200. 

Scotland,  a  post-village  in  Greene  township,  Franklin 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E. 
of  Chambersburg.  It  has  a  graded  school,  and  manufac- 
tures of  cement,  lumber,  Ac. 

Scotland,  a  post-village  in  Brant  co.,  Ontario,  11  miles 
S.W.  of  Brantford.  It  contains  a  carding-mill,  grist-mill, 
tannery,  and  several  stores  and  hotels.     Pop.  400. 

Scotland  Neck,  a  post-village  of  Halifax  co.,  N.C., 
18  miles  E.  of  Enfield,  and  about  80  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ra- 
leigh. It  has  4  churches  and  an  academy.  A  railroad  6 
miles  long  extends  hence  to  Edward's  Ferry.  P.  (1880)482. 

Scotsburn,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Roger's  Hill. 

Scott,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Arkansas,  has  an 
area  of  about  860  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Fourche 
la  Fave  and  Poteau  Rivers.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and 
is  diversified  with  prairies  and  woodlands.  Among  the 
forest  trees  are  the  hickory,  white  oak,  and  yellow  pine. 
The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  cattle,  grass,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Waldron.  Valuation 
of  real  and  personal  estate,  $737,056.  Pop.  in  1870,  7483, 
of  whom  7465  were  Americans;  in  1880,  9174. 

Scott,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an  area 
of  about  250  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by 
the  Illinois  River,  and  is  drained  by  Movestar  and  Sandy 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  a  largo  part  of  it 
is  covered  with  forests  of  deciduous  trees.  The  soil  is  very 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Among  its  mineral  resources  are  good  carbon- 
iferous limestone  and  bituminous  coal.  This  county  is  in- 
tersected by  the  St.  Louis,  Rock  Island  &  Chicago  Railroad. 
Capital,  Winchester.    Valuation  of  real  and  personal  es- 


tate, $6,483,364.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,530,  of  whom  9354  were 
Americans;  in  1880,  10,741. 

Scott,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Indiana,  has  an  area 
of  about  200  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  and 
N.W.  by  Graham's  Fork.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and 
a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile. Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi 
Railroad  and  the  Jefi'ersonville,  Madison  &  Indianapolis 
Railroad.  Capital,  Scottsburg.  Valuation  of  real  and  per- 
sonal estate,  $3,400,000.  Pop.  in  1870,  7873,  of  whom 
7646  were  Americans;  in  1880,  8343. 

Scott,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Iowa,  bordering  on 
Illinois,  has  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Wapsipinicon  River,  and  on  the 
E.  and  S.E.  by  the  Mississippi  River.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating. The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Thaigreatcr  part  of  it 
is  prairie.  Groves  of  the  ash,  hickory,  white  oak,  <tc., 
grow  on  the  margin  of  the  rivers.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
barley,  oats,  hay,  butter,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  stapio 
products.  This  county  has  mines  of  bituminous  coal  and 
plenty  of  limestone  (Upper  Silurian).  It  is  traversed  by 
the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  and  Davenport  and 
St.  Paul  Riiilroads.  Capital,  Davenport.  Valuation  of  real 
and  personal  estate,  $22,412,960.  Pop.  in  1870,  38,699,  of 
whom  24,071  were  Americans;  in  1880,  41,266. 

Scott,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an  area 
of  720  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  small  affluents  of 
Smoky  Hill  River.     The  surface  is  an  undulating  prairie. 

Scott,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kentucky,  has  an 
area  of  about  300  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  North 
and  South  Forks  of  Elkhorn  Creek  and  by  Eagle  River. 
The  surface  is  partly  undulating  and  partly  hilly.  The 
soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  cattle,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  Silurian  limestone  underlies 
part  of  the  soil.  I'his  county  is  intersected  by  the  Cin- 
cinnati Southern  Railraad.  Capital,  Georgetown.  Valua- 
tion of  real  and  personal  estate,  $7,394,207.  Pop.  in  1870, 
11,607,  of  whom  11,441  were  Americans;  in  1880,  14,966. 

Scott,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  Minnesota,  has 
an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
and  N.W.  by  the  Minnesota  River.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating, and  is  diversified  with  small  lakes  and  forests  of  the 
oak,  ash,  sugar-maple,  elm,  and  other  trees.  It  had  in 
1870  64,932  acres  of  woodland.  The  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  and  butter  are  the 
staple  products.  Good  limestone  underlies  part  of  the  soil. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  the  St.  Paul  and  Sioux  City 
and  Hastings  &  Dakota  Railroads.  Capital,  Shakopce. 
Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $3,460,992.  Pop.  in 
1870, 11,042,  of  whom  6625  were  Americans;  inl880,  13,516. 

Scott,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Mississippi, 
has  an  area  of  about  550  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
Strong  and  Young  Warrior  Rivers.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating or  nearly  level,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests 
of  pine,  magnolia,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  sandy. 
Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Vicksburg  ifc  Me- 
ridian Railroad.  Capital,  Forest.  Valuation  of  real  and 
personal  estate,  $1,487,310.  Pop.  in  1870,  7847,  of  whom 
7817  were  Americans;  in  1880,  10,845. 

Scott,  a  southeastern  county  of  Missouri,  bordering  on 
Illinois,  has  an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Mississippi  River.  The  surface 
is  uneven  or  hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests 
in  which  the  cypress,  ash,  hickory,  and  oak  are  found. 
The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Maize,  wheat,  grass,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad.  Capital, 
Commerce.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $7,650,000. 
Pop.  in  1870,  7317;  in  1880,  8587. 

Scott,  a  county  of  East  Tennessee,  bordering  on  Ken- 
tucky, has  an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Big  South  Fork  of  the  Cumberland  River. 
The  surface  is  hilly,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests. 
It  comprises  part  of  the  Cumberland  Table-Land,  or  Cum- 
berland Mountain.  Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Capital,  Huntsville.  Valuation  of  real 
and  personal  estate,  $732,937.  Pop.  in  1870,  4054,  of  whom 
4048  were  Americans;  in  1880,  6021.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad. 

Scott,  a  county  in  the  S.AV.  part  of  Virginia,  bordering 
on  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  Clinch  River  and  the  Nortn  Fork  of  Holston 
River,  and.  also  drained  by  Copper  Creek.  The  surface  is 
diversified  by  ridges  called  Clinch  and  Powell's  Mountains, 
and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak, 


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2422 


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chestnut,  sngar-mapIe,  wild  oherry,  tulip-tree,  Ao.  The 
noil  of  the  valleys  is  fortilo.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats, 
oattlo,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  min- 
erals are  iron  ore  and  limostuno.  Near  Clinch  Kivor  in  this 
county  is  a  remarkable  natural  tunnel,  which  extends 
through  a  rocky  ridge  and  is  about  400  feet  long.  The 
vertical  dimension  of  the  aroh  is  nearly  75  feet.  Capital, 
Estill villo.  Valuation  of  rual  and  personal  estate,  $1,700,204. 
Pop.  in  1870,  13,036;  in  1S80,  17,233. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Champaign  oo.,  111.     Pop.  755. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Ogle  oo.,  111.     Pop.  829. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Harrison  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  906. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Kosciusko  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  700. 

Scott,  a  post-office  of  La  Grange  CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Pigeon 
River,  about  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Goshen. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1111. 

Scott,  a  townsliip  of  Steuben  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  1024. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Vanderburg  co.,  Ind.     P.  1677. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Buona  Vista  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  105. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  430. 

Scott,  a  post-township  of  Floyd  co.,  Iowa,  4  miles  W. 
of  Marble  Rock.     Pop.  357. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Fremont  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1232, 
exclusive  of  McPaul,  Bartlett,  and  Fremont  City. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Hamilton  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  483. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1122. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  854. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1131. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1006. 
It  contains  Belle  Fountain,  on  the  Dcs  Moines  River. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  502. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Poweshiek  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  633. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Bourbon  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  2334, 
e.Tclusive  of  Fort  Scott. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Linn  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  1245.  It 
contains  Twin  Springs. 

Scott,  a  station  of  the  KansawiCentral  Railroad,  20 
miles  W.N.AV.  of  Leavenworth,  Kansas. 

Scott,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kenton  co.,  Ky.,  8i  miles  S.  of 
Covington.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Scott,  a  village  of  Harrison  co.,  Miss.,  on  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico,  and  on  the  New  Orleans  &  Mobile  Railroad,  64  miles 
E.N.E.  of  New  Orleans,  and  6  miles  E.  of  Pass  Christian. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill.  Here  are  forests  of 
magnolia,  oak,  pine,  &c. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Taney  co..  Mo.     Pop.  554. 

Scott,  a  post-office  of  Webster  co.,  Neb.,  12  miles  S.W. 
of  Red  Cloud. 

Scott,  a  post-village  of  Cortland  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Scott 
township,  7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Homer,  and  about  24  miles 
8.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop. 
about  250;  of  the  township,  1055. 

Scott,  Adams  co.,  0.     See  Winchester. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  0.     Pop.  1070. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  0.     Pop.  495. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Sandusky  co.,  0.     Pop.  1274. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1807. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Columbia  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1475. 

Scott,  a  post-township  of  Lackawanna  co..  Pa.,  about  10 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Scranton.     Pop.  1132. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  902. 

Scott,  a  township  of  AVayne  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  817. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Colleton  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1361. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  1470. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Columbia  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  783. 

Scott,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  953. 

Scott,  or  Bata'via,  a  post-village  in  Scott  township, 
tiheboygan  co.,  Wis.,  about  26  miles  S.E.  of  Fond  du  Lac, 
and  17  miles  N.W.  of  Ozaukee.  It  has  2  churches,  a  cheese- 
factory,  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and  furniture.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1504. 

Scott  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co..  Pa.,  about 
80  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Honesdale. 

Scott'dale,  a  post-borough  of  AVestmoreland  co.,  Pa., 
en  the  Southwest  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  and  on  the  Mount 
Pleasant  Branch  Railroad,  7i  miles  N.  of  Connellsville.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  blast-furnace,  a  rolling-mill,  2  hotels, 
and  manufactures  of  coke,  sash,  doors,  &c.    P.  (1880)  1275. 

Scott  Ha'ven,  a  post-village  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa., 
in  Sewicklcy  township,  on  the  Yonghiogheny  River  and  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  (Pittsburg  division),  28  miles 
S.E.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  colliery  and  a  distillery. 

Scott'land,  or  Scott  Land,  a  post-village  in  Prairie 
township,  Edgar  co.,  III.,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Decatur  & 
Springfield  Railroad,  36  miles  E.  of  Tuscola.  It  has  a 
cnuroh.     Pop.  about  250. 

Scott  River,  California,  runs  nearly  northward  in  Sis- 


kiyou CO.,  and  enters  the  Klamath  River  about  20  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Yreka. 

Scott  River,  or  Scott's  Bar,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sis- 
kiyou CO.,  Cal.,  on  Scott  River,  about  25  miles  W.  of  Yreka. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Scott  River. 

Scott's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Chicago  A  Lake  Huron  Railroad,  15  miles  S.W.  of  the  city 
of  Battle  Creek.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Scotts,  a  post-office  of  Burleson  co.,  Tex. 

Scott's  Bay,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
on  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  20  miles  from  Canning.     Pop.  350. 

Scottsborough,  skOts'btir-rah,  a  post-villngc,  capital 
of  Jackson  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Memphis  &  Charleston  Rail- 
road, 41  miles  E.  of  Huntsville,  and  about  5  miles  N.W. 
of  the  Tennessee  River.  It  has  a  fine  court-house,  1  or  2 
newspaper  offices,  2  churches,  a  male  and  female  institute, 
a  tannery,  and  a  steam  saw-mill.     Pop.  in  1880,  722. 

Scotts'burg,  a  post-office  of  McDonough  co..  111.,  on 
the  Toledo,  Peoria  <t  Warsaw  Railroad,  4i  miles  W.  of 
BushncU. 

Scottsburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Scott  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Jefl"ersonville,  Madison  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  31 
miles  N.  of  Louisville,  Ky.  It  has  a  church,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  in  1880,  454. 

Scottsburg,  a.  post-office  of  Caldwell  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Paducah  <t  Elizabethtown  Railroad,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Prince- 
ton. 

Scottsburg,  a  post-village  in  Sparta  township,  Liv- 
ingston CO.,  N.Y.,  about  36  miles  S.  of  Rochester,  and  7 
miles  N.  of  Dansville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  foundry,  and  a 
carriage-shop.     Pop.  about  300. 

Scottsburg,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  co.,  Oregon,  on 
the  Umpqua  River,  30  miles  from  its  mouth,  at  the  head  of 
navigation,  about  50  miles  S.W.  of  Eugene  City.  It  has  a 
tannery. 

Scottsburg,  a  post-village  of  Halifax  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Dan- 
ville.    It  has  a  tobacco-factory  and  3  stores. 

Scott's  Corners,  Ontario.     See  Elgi.vburo. 

Scott's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Hinsdale  township, 
Cattiiraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  1  mile  from  Hinsdale.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  grist-  and  saw-mill. 

Scott's  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Jackson  co.,  N.C., 
has  a  mountainous  surface,  and  is  said  to  contain  mines  of 
copper.     Pop.  529. 

Scott's  Cross'ing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allen  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Auglaize  River,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  <fc 
Chicago  Railroad,  at  Auglaize  Station,  10  miles  N.W.  of 
Lima.     It  has  2  churches. 

Scott's  Cross  Roads,  post-office,  Iredell  co.,  N.C. 

Scott's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Mecklenburg 
CO.,  Va. 

Scott's  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  32  miles  E.  of  Hun- 
tington, and  8  miles  S.  of  Winfield.  It  has  2  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  bricks  and  lumber.     Pop.  about  500. 

Scott's  Hall,  a  town  of  Jamaica,  IS  miles  N.  of 
Kingston.     Pop.  1371. 

Scott's  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Pender  co.,  N.C. 

Scott's  Hill,  a  post-haralet  of  Henderson  co.,  Tenn., 
about  100  miles  S.W.  of  Nashville.  | 

Scott's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Sumter  co.,  Fla.  a  I 

Scott's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  in  Dalton  township,  Cooi  * 
CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  13oston,  Concord  &  Montreal  Railroad,  at 
the  junction  of  the  Portland  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  9 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Lancaster.    It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  starch- 
factory. 

Scott's  Mountain,  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  forms  part  of 
South  Mountain.  It  is  from  700  to  800  feet  above  tide- 
water.    It  abounds  with  iron  ore  of  several  varieties. 

Scott's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  Ala. 

Scott's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  railroad  between  Louisville  and  Shelbyville,  about  6 
miles  from  Shelbyville. 

Scott's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Cole  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  Jefferson  City. 

Scotts'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bibb  co.,  Ala.,  about  50 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Selma.  It  has  2  churches  and  several 
mills. 

Scottsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pope  co..  Ark.,  about  90 
miles  N.W.  of  Little  Rock.     It  has  a  church. 

Scottsville,  a  village  of  Wayne  co.,  III.,  in  Leech 
township,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Albion.  It  has  2  churches. 
Here  is  Wabash  Post-Office. 

Scottsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Floyd  co.,  Ind.,  about  10 
miles  N.N.W.  of  New  Albany. 

Scottsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mitchell  co.,  Kansas,  an 


SCO 


2423 


SOU 


the  Central  Branch  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  12  miles  N.E.  of 
Beloit.     It  has  a  plough-factory. 

Scottsville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Alien  co.,  Ky., 
25  miles  S.E.  of  Bowling  Green.  It  has  a  court-house,  a 
newspaper  oflSce,  2  churches,  the  Allen  Academy,  the  Scotts- 
ville  Institute,  and  a  woollen-mill.     Pop.  in  1880,  395. 

Scottsville^  a  post-hamlet  of  Suliivan  co.,  Mo.,  on 
Middle  Locust  Creek,  5  miles  N.AV.  of  Browning  Station, 
about  32  miles  N.N.E.  of  Chillicothe.     It  has  a  church. 

Scottsville*  a  post-village  in  Wheatland  township, 
Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Genesee  River,  and  on  the  Rochester 
&  State  Line  Railroad,  li  miles  from  Scottsville  Station  of 
the  Erie  Railroad,  and  12  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Rochester.  It 
htts  4  churches,  several  large  flouring-mills,  and  manufac- 
tures of  carriages  and  farming-implements.   Pop.  about  900. 

Scottsville,  a  station  in  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Canandaigua,  Batavia  &  Tonawanda  Railroad,  22  miles  E. 
of  Batavia. 

Scottsville,  a  post-office  of  AVyoming  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Susquehanna  River,  3  miles  from  Mehoopany  Station. 

Scottsville,  a  post-oflSce  of  Harrison  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Texas  &,  Pacific  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Marshall. 

Scottsville,  a  post-village  of  Albemarle  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  James  River  and  the  James  River  Canal,  about  75  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  Richmond.  It  has  6  churches,  a  newspaper 
ofiice,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  tobacco-factory.     Pop.  388. 

Scottsville,  a  village,  capital  of  Powhatan  co.,  Va.,  32 
miles  W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  a  court-house  and  3  stores. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Powhatan  Court-IIouse. 

Scott  ToAvn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.,  11 
miles  N.  of  Huntington,  W.  Va.     It  has  a  church. 

Scott  Valley,  township,  Siskiyou  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  1259. 

Scott'ville,  a  post-village  in  Scottvillo  township,  Ma- 
coupin CO.,  111.,  about  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Jacksonville, 
and  34  miles  S.W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1440. 

Scottville,  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.    See  River  Vai.e. 

Scottville,  a  hamlet  of  Claiborne  parish.  La.,  about  55 
miles  N.W.  of  Monroe. 

Scottville,  a  post-office  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C. 

Scourie,  Scoury,  skow'ree,  or  Scow'ree,  a  seaport 
WUago  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Sutherland,  on  its  W.  coast,  21 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Capo  Wrath. 

Scozia,  a  country  of  Europe.    See  Scotland. 

Scradin,  a  town  of  Dalmatia.    See  Scaudoxa. 

Scran'ton,  or  Scranton  Station,  a  post-village  in 
Kcndrick  township,  Greene  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago  A 
Northwestern  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  Jefferson.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office  and  2  churches.     Pop.  about  400. 

Scranton,  a  post-village  of  Osage  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Ed  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Bur- 
lingame.    Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  in  1880,  835. 

Scranton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jackson  co..  Miss., 
on  the  New  Orleans  <fc  Mobile  Railroad,  40  miles  S.W.  of 
Mobile,  100  miles  from  New  Orleans,  and  about  i  mile  from 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  2  churches, 
a  steam  grist-mill,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  3  ship-yards. 
Much  pine  lumber  is  sawed  in  the  vicinity,  of  which  over 
30,000,000  feet  are  sometimes  shipped  from  here  per  annum. 
About  1  mile  distant  is  Pascagoula.     Pop.  in  1880,  1052. 

Scranton,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Lackawanna  co.,  Pa., 
is  pleasantly  situated  in  a  valley  or  plain  on  the  Lacka- 
wanna River,  149  miles  W.N.AV.  of  New  York,  167  miles 
N.  of  Philadelphia,  and  18  miles  N.E.  of  Wilkesbarre.  It 
is  on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  <fc  Western  Railroad,  and 
is  a  terminus  of  4  other  railroads,  namely,  the  Delaware  <fc 
Hudson,  the  Lackawanna  &,  Bloomsburg,  the  Central  Rail- 
road of  New  Jersey,  and  the  Pennsylvania  Coal  Company's 
Railroad.  It  is  well  built,  with  wide  streets,  and  many 
costly  public  and  private  edifices.  It  contains  33  churches, 
an  opera-house,  several  academies,  a  public  library,  12 
banks,  and  a  hospital.  Two  daily  and  8  weekly  newspapers 
are  published  here.  Scranton  is  an  important  centre  of  the 
trade  in  anthracite  coal,  and  its  prosperity  is  mainly  de- 
rived from  operations  in  coal  and  manufactures  of  iron, 
machinery,  <fcc.  It  has  large  rolling-mills,  steel-works, 
furnaces,  car-shops,  planing-mills,  foundries,  and  manufac- 
tures of  locomotives,  steam-boilers,  edge-tools,  carriages, 
leather,  mining-machinery,  railroad  iron,  stoves,  silk  fab- 
ncs,  sash,  blinds,  &c.  It  is  also  a  considerable  distributing 
point  for  wholesale  dealers  in  dry-goods,  groceries,  and 
crockery.  Scranton  was  founded  in  1840,  and  is  the  third 
city  of  the  state  in  population.  Pop.  in  1860,  9223 ;  in 
1870,  35,092 ;  in  1880,  45,850. 

Scranton,  a  post-village  of  Williamsburg  co.,  S.C,  on 
the  Northeastern  Railroad,  20  miles  S.  of  Florence.  It  has 
a  church.    Fop.  about  150. 


Scranton,  a  post-office  of  Wood  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Green 
Bay  <fc  Minnesota  Railroad,  23  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Grand 
Rapids. 

Scranton  Station,  Greene  co.,  Iowa.    See  Scrantojj 

Scrape,  a  mountain  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Peebles,  on  the 
boundary  between  the  parishes  of  Drummelzier  and  Manor. 
Height  above  the  sea,  2800  feet. 

Screv'en,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  At- 
lantic <fc  Gulf  Railroad,  68  miles  S.W.  of  Savannah. 

Scri'ba,  a  post-village  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Scriba 
township,  4  miles  E.  of  the  city  of  Oswego.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  manufactory  of  barrels.  The  township  is 
bounded  N.  by  Lake  Ontario,  and  intersected  by  a  branch 
of  the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  3120. 

Scrib'ner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dodge  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
Elkhorn  River,  and  on  the  Omaha  &  Northwest  Railroad, 
23  miles  N.N.W.  of  Fremont. 

Scriv'en,  or  Screv'en,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of 
Georgia,  borders  on  South  Carolina.  Area,  about  800  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Savannah  River,  on 
the  S.W.  by  the  Ogcechee  River,  and  is  intersected  by  Brier 
Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  cov- 
ered with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  sandy. 
Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. The  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia  passes  through  the 
S.W.  part  of  this  county.  Capital,  Sylvania.  Valuation 
of  real  and  personal  estate,  $850,000.  Pop.  in  1870,  9175, 
of  whom  9084  were  Americans;  in  1880,  12,786. 

Scrivia,  skree've-i,  a  river  of  Italy,  rises  about  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Genoa,  flows  N.N.W.,  and  joins  the  Po  on 
the  right,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Voghera.     Length,  50  miles. 

Scroggs'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  0.,  in  Fox 
township,  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Canton.     It  has  a  church. 

Scrub  Grass,  a  village  and  station  of  Venango  co.. 
Pa.,  on  the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the  Alleghany  Valley 
Railroad,  16  miles  S.  of  Franklin. 

Scrub  Grass,  a  township  of  Venango  co.,  Pa.    P.  997. 

Scrub  Island,  one  of  the  Virgin  Islands,  in  the  British 
West  Indies,  3i  miles  N.E.  of  Tortola. 

Scud'der's  Falls,  a  station  of  the  Belvidere  Dela- 
ware Railroad,  on  the  Delaware  River,  6  miles  above 
Trenton,  N.J. 

Scutfletown,  skQff^l-tSwn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hender- 
son CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  15  miles  above  Evansville, 
Ind.     It  has  a  church  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Scutfletown,  a  post-office  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C,  about 
76  miles  W.N.W.  of  Columbia. 

Scugog,  sku'gog,  a  post- village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario, 
7i  miles  N.E.  of  Port  Perry.     Pop.  200. 

Scugog  Lake,  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  is  almost  di- 
vided longitudinally  by  a  peninsula  from  the  S.  It  is  in- 
dented with  numerous  bays.  On  it  are  the  villages  of  Port 
Perry  and  Scugog. 

Scul'coats,  a  suburb  of  the  city  of  Hull,  England. 
See  Hui.L. 

Scull's  Creek,  of  Georgia,  enters  the  Ogeechee  at  tho 
E.  end  of  Emanuel  co. 

Scull  Town,  a  village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  at  Car- 
roll Station.    See  Carroll. 

Scultenna,  the  ancient  name  of  Panaro. 

Scupernong  (skiip'^r-nong)  Creek,  of  Wisconsin, 
enters  Bark  River  in  Jefferson  co. 

Scupi,  the  ancient  name  of  Uskup. 

Scui»*pernong',  a  post-township  of  Washington  co., 
N.C,  22  miles  E.  of  Plymouth,  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by 
Albemarle  Sound,  and  traversed  by  the  Scuppernong  River. 
Pop.  1121. 

Scurcolla,  skooR-kol'ld,  Scurcula,  skooR-koo'li,  or 
Scurgola,  skooR-go'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Aquila,  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Aquila.  Near  this,  in  1268, 
Charles  of  Anjou  gained  the  battle  of  Tagliacozzo.  Pop. 
2812. 

Scare  of  Eig,  or  Scuir  of  Eigg,  skur  ov  eeg,  a 
basaltic  mountain  of  the  island  of  Eig,  in  Inner  Hebrides, 
CO.  of  Inverness,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  island,  and  rising  to 
1340  feet  above  the  sea.  In  its  perpendicular  side,,  facing 
the  sea,  is  a  cavern  termed  the  "  bone  cave,"  from  400  of 
the  inhabitants  having  been  smothered  hero  by  the  clans- 
men of  Skye. 

Scur'ry,  a  county  in  the  N.AV.  part  of  Texas.  Area, 
900  square  miles.    Pop.  in  1880,  102. 

Scutari,  skoo'tl-re  (called  Is'koodar'  by  the  Turks; 
anc.  Chryaop'oUs),  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the  Bosporus, 
immediately  opposite  Constantinople,  of  which  it  is  a  suburb. 
Pop.  estimated  at  60,000.  It  is  built  or  several  hills,  and 
has,  both  .externally  and  internally,  a  great  resemblance  to 


scu 


3tSI 


<8BA 


the  Turkish  capital.  It  has  nuraorous  mosques  and  itnarota 
or  kitohent  for  the  poor,  a  palace  and  extensive  gardens 
belonging  to  the  sultan,  a  noted  college  of  howling  der- 
vishes, biirraeks,  oemoteries,  various  publlo  bathi  and  ba- 
taars,  large  corn-warehouses,  and  manufactures  of  silks 
and  cotton  fabrios.  It  is  the  great  rendezvous  for  caravans 
from  Asia  trading  to  Cunstantinoplo,  and  1^  miles  south- 
ward is  the  plain  where  the  Turkish  forces  usually  assemble 
for  Asiatic  oampaigns.  A  railway  extends  hence  60  miles 
to  Ismeotl. 

Scutari,  or  Skntari  (called  by  the  Turks  Jikande- 
reey«h,  is-kln-d^h-ree'y^h ;  anc.  Seodra),  a  town  of  Euro- 
pean Turkey,  in  Albania,  on  the  Boyana,  at  the  S.  extremity 
of  the  Lake  of  Scutari,  45  miles  S.E.  of  Cattaro  (Austrian 
Albania).  Lat.  42°  N. ;  Ion.  19"  38'  E.  Pop.  25,000,  about 
half  of  whom  are  Uoman  Catholics.  Immediately  adjacent 
is  a  lofty  height  erownod  by  a  citadel,  and  containing  the 
rosidenco  of  the  governor,  with  an  arsenal  and  barriuiks. 
Scutari  has  a  large  bazaar,  many  mosques,  churches,  sev- 
eral bridges,  some  yards  for  building  coasting-vessels,  and 
manufactures  of  cotton  goods  and  fire-arms.  Its  merchants 
are  reported  to  be  wealthy,  and  are  the  principal  traders  in 
West  Turkey  ;  they  export  wool,  wax,  hides,  skins,  tobacco, 
and  dried  fish,  and  import  colonial  produce,  with  silk  fabrics 
and  other  manufactured  goods.  Sea-going  vessels  only  as- 
cend the  Boyana  some  miles  from  Scutari  to  Ilobotti,  where 
are  warehouses  and  a  custom-house.  The  Lake  of  Scutari 
or  Zanta,  zAn'til  (anc.  Pa'lut  Labea'tii),  is  20  miles  in  length 
from  N.  to  S. ;  average  breadth,  5  miles.  Besides  several 
other  rivers,  it  receives  the  Moratsha  at  its  N.  extremity. 
Scutari  is  on  the  S.  bank. 

Scyathus,  the  ancient  name  of  Skiatho. 

ScyenCf  sl-een',  a  post-hamlet  of  Dallas  co.,  Tex.,  1 
mile  from  the  Te.xas  &  Pacific  Railroad,  and  3  miles  from 
Mesquito  Station,  which  is  12  miles  E.  of  Ballas. 

Scylaceum,  the  ancient  name  of  Squillace. 

Scylla  and  Scyllseum.    See  Sciglio. 
. .  Scyros  Island,  Grecian  Archipelago.    See  Sk^tios. 
•■•■  Scythevilie,  siTH'vil,  a  post-village  of  Merrimack  co., 
N.II.,  in  New  London  township,  about  28  uiilos  N.W.  of 
Concord.     It  has  manufactures  of  scythes  and  of  hosiery, 
and  a  tannery. 

Scythopolis,  Palestine.     See  Beisan. 

Sczloppa,  a  town  of  West  Prussia.    See  Schix)ppe. 

Sdili,  Grecian  Archipelago.     See  Delos. 

Sea,  see,  a  post-office  of  Houston  co.,  Tex. 

Seabeck,  see^bSk',  a  post-village  of  Kitsap  co.,  Wash- 
ington, on  Hood's  Canal,  a  branch  of  Puget  Sound,  about 
60  miles  N.  of  Olympia.  It  has  a  large  lumber-mill,  and 
ia  partly  supported  by  ship-building.     Pop.  300. 

Sea'board,  a  post-village  in  Seaboard  township,  North- 
ampton CO.,  N.C.,  on  the  Seaboard  <fc  Roanoke  Railro.ad,  68 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Norfolk,  Va.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2576. 

Sea  Breeze,  a  steamboat-landing  and  bathing-place 
of  Cumberland  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  E.  side  of  Delaware  Bay, 
70  miles  below  Philadelphia. 

Sea  Breeze,  a  station  in  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Lake  Ontario  Shore  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Charlotte. 

Seabright,  see'brit,  a  post-village  in  Ocean  township, 
Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  the 
New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Long  Branch, 
and  26  miles  S.  of  New  York  City.     It  has  2  churches. 

Scabrook,  see'brook,  a  station  on  the  Baltimore  A 
Potoinae  Railroad,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Baltimore,  Md. 

Seabrook,  a  post-village  in  Scabrook  township,  Rock- 
ingham CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Eastern  Railroad,  14  miles  S.S.AV. 
of  Portsmouth.  It  has  4  or  5  churches,  an  academy,  and 
manufactures  of  boots  and  shoes.  The  township  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  ocean,  and  comprises  large  salt-marshes. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1609. 

Seabrook,  a  station  in  Beaufort  co.,  S.C.,  on  the  Port 
Royal  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Beaufort. 

Sea  Clilf,  a  post-village  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  1  mile  E. 
of  Glen  Head  Station,  and  26  miles  N.E.  of  Brooklyn. 
Here  is  a  camp-meeting  ground. 

Seacombe,  8ee'k9mb,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of 
Chester,  on  the  Mersey,  within  1  mite  of  Liverpool.  It  has 
a  great  number  of  elegant  residences,  a  handsome  church,  a 
ohapel,  extensive  copper-  and  metal-mills,  smalt-works, 
and  a  foundry. 

Sea'crort,  a  village  and  township  of  England,  co.  of 
York,  West  Riding,  4  miles  E.N.E.  of  Leeds. 

Sca'field,  a  post-ofiice  and  station  of  White  oo.,  Ind., 
on  the  railroad  between  Logansport  and  Watseka,  33  miles 
W.  of  Logansport. 

Sea'ford,  a  town  of  England,  in  Sussex,  on  the  sea,  12 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Brighton.     Pop.  of  parish,  1357. 


Seaford,  soe'f^rd,  a  post-villnge  in  Seaford  hundred, 
Sussex  CO.,  Del.,  on  the  Nanticoko  River,  and  on  tlio  Dela- 
ware Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Dorchester  A  Dela- 
ware Railroad,  84  miles  S.  of  AVilminglon,  and  33  miles  E. 
by  N.  of  Cambridge,  Md.  Small  vessels  can  ascend  the 
river  to  this  place.  It  ha«  3  or  4  churches,  a  national 
bank,  a  hotel,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  in  1S80, 1642  j 
of  the  hundred,  3160. 

Seaford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Queens  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  tha 
southern  shore  of  Long  Island,  and  on  the  Southside  ItaiU 
road,  about  28  miles  E.  of  Brooklyn. 

Seaforth,  see'fprth,  a  village  of  Ontario,  oo.  of  Huron, 
on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  21  miles  S.K.  of  Ooderich. 
It  has  a  branch  bank,  a  nevrspaper  office,  mechanics'  insti- 
tute, foundry,  woollen-mills,  several  hotels  and  cliurcliui), 
salt-wells,  and  extensive  exports  of  grain.     Pop.  1800. 

Sea  Girt,  a  station  and  summer  resort  of  Monmouth 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  sea-coast,  and  on  the  Central  Railroati  of 
New  Jersey  and  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  adjacent  to 
Spring  Lake,  and  67  miles  by  rail  S.  of  New  York. 

Seago,  see'go,  a  station  in  Bibb  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  South- 
western Railroad,  8  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Macon. 

Seagrove,  Now  Jersey.    See  Cape  May  PorvT. 

Scahain  Harbor,  England.    See  Dawdon. 

Seahome,  Washington.    See  Seiiome. 

Sea-Horse  Islands,  a  chain  of  islets  in  the  Arctic 
Ocean,  off  the  coast  of  Alaska.     Lat.  71°  N. ;  l<m,  159°  W. 

Seahorse  Key,  Florida.    See  CK.nAn  Kevs. 

Sea-Horse  Point,  of  Canada,  is  the  E.  extremity  of 
Southampton  Island.     Lat.  63°  40'  N.;  Ion.  80°  10'  W. 

Seal,  seel,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  0.     Pop.  1451. 

Seal,  a  post-hamlet  in  Eden  township,  Wyandot  co.,  0., 
5  miles  from  Nevada  Railroad  Station. 

Sealcote,  a  town  of  India.     See  Sealkotr. 

Seal  Cove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co..  Me.,  in  Tre- 
mont  township,  on  an  inlet  of  the  ocean,  and  on  the  S.W 
coast  of  Mount  Desert  Island,  40  miles  S.E.  of  Bucksport. 

Seal  Cove*,  a  fishing-hamlet  on  Trinity  Bay,  New- 
foundland, 9  miles  from  Old  Perlican.     Pop.  197. 

Seal'er's  Cove,  an  inlet  of  the  S.  coast  of  Australia, 
13  miles  E.  of  Wilson  Promontory. 

Seale  (or  Scale's,  seelz)  Station,  a  post-village, 
capital  of  Russell  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Mobile  &  Girard  Rail- 
road, 20  miles  S.W.  of  Columbus,  Ga.  It  has  3  churches 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  400. 

Seal  Island,  of  Canada,  is  in  the  Atlantic,  18  miles  AV. 
of  Cape  Sable,  the  S.  extremity  of  Nova  Scotia. 

Seal  Island,  a  granitic  rock  off  the  S.  coast  of  Austra- 
lia.    Lat.  34°  6'  8.;  Ion.  120°  28'  E. 

Seal  Island,  of  Southwestern  Africa,  off  the  coast, 
about  midway  between  the  Orange  iind  Koussie  Rivers. 

Seal  Islands,  a  small  cluster  at  the  entrance  of  Garia 
Bay,  Newfoundland. 

Seal  Islands,  or  Lobos  (lo'noce)  Islands,  a  group 
of  three  small  islands  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  off  the  coast 
of  Peru,  about  12  miles  distant  from  the  mainland.  The 
largest  and  northernmost  is  called  Lobos  de  Tieura  (lo'aoce 
di  te-fia'Ri),  about  5  miles  long  and  2  miles  broad.  The 
name  Lobos  (from  the  Spanish  loho,  or  loho  mnrino,  a 
"  seal"),  was  given  on  account  of  the  number  of  seals  found 
on  the  shores.  Lat.  of  the  S.  point,  6°  29'  S. ;  Ion.  80°  53' 
AV.     These  islands  contain  large  deposits  of  guano. 

Seal  Islands,  a  small  cluster  W.  by  S.  of  Grand 
Manan  Island.     Lat.  44°  29'  N. ;  Ion.  67°  5'  30"  AV. 

Sealkote,  or  Sealcote,  se-Arkot',  written  also  Sy- 
alkote  and  Shalkote,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  Seal 
kote  district,  65  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lahore.     Pop.  25,337. 

Sealkote,  or  Sialkot,  a  district  of  India,  in  the  Pun- 
jab. Area,  1955  square  miles.  Capital,  Sealkote.  Pop 
1,005,004. 

Seal  River,  of  British  North  America,  enters  Hudson 
Bay  on  its  AV.  side,  40  miles  N.AV.  of  the  Churchill  River 
after  a  N.E.  course  of  200  miles. 

Sea  of  Cortes.     See  Gtn-F  of  Califoiinia, 

Sea  of  Kamchatka,  Alaska.     See  Behiu.nq  Sea. 

Sea  of  Mindoro.    See  Sooloo  Sea. 

Sea  of  Sodom,  Palestine.     See  Dead  Sea. 

Sea  Plain, a  post-village  of  AVall  township,  Monmouth 
CO.,  N.J.,  near  the  ocean,  and  on  the  Central  Railroad,  10 
miles  S.  of  Long  Branch.     It  has  a  church  and  3  stores. 

Seapo,  see'po,  a  post-village  in  Grant  township.  Re* 

Eublic  CO.,  Kansas,  about  12  miles  S.S.B.  of  Belleville.     II 
as  2  churches,  salt-springs,  and  a  manufactory  of  salt. 
Seard,  a  province  of  Brazil.    See  Ceara. 
Searcy,  s^r'see,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Arkansas, 
has  an  area  of  about  825  square  miles.     It  is  intersected  by 
the  Buffalo  Fork  of  White  River,  and  also  drained  by  % 


^a 


SEA 


2425 


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branch  of  Little  Red  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undu- 
lating, and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak, 
hickory,  yellow  pine,  Ac.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton, 
Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital, 
Marshall.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $855,591. 
Pop.  in  1870,  5614;  in  1880,  7278. 

Searcy,  a  post-village,  capital  of  White  co..  Ark.,  4 
miles  N.W.  of  the  Cairo  &  Fulton  Railroad,  and  50  miles 
Tf.E.  of  Little  Rock.  It  has  a  court-house,  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  high  school,  and  5  churches.     Pop.  874. 

Searights,  see'rites,  a  post-hamlet  in  Menallen  town- 
ship, Fayette  co.,  Pa.,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Uniontown.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  store. 

Sears,  seerz,  a  township  of  Sierra  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  758. 

Sears,  a  post-office  of  Rock  Island  co.,  111. 

Sears,  or  Orient,  o're-?nt,  a  post-hamlet  of  Osceola 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Flint  &  Pore  Marquette  Railroad,  12 
miles  E.  of  Ilersey.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Searsborough,  secrz'biir-ruh,  a  post-village  in  Sugar 
Creek  township,  Poweshiek  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Central  Rail- 
road of  Iowa,  20  miles  N.  of  Oskaloosa.     It  has  2  churches. 

Searsburg,  seerz'burg,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hector  town- 
ship, Schuyler  co.,  N.Y.,  about  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ithaca. 
It  contains  a  church. 

Searsburg,  a  post-hamlet  in  Searsburg  township,  Ben- 
nington CO.,  Vt.,  on  the  Decrfield  River,  about  15  miles  E. 
of  Bennington.     Pop.  of  the  township,  235. 

Searsmont,  seerz'mont,  a  post-village  in  Searsmont 
township,  AValdo  co..  Me.,  on  St.  George  River,  10  miles 
S.W.  of  Belfast,  and  32  miles  E.  of  Augusta.  It  has  2 
churches,  several-saw-mills,  and  manufactures  of  carriages, 
lime,  cheese,  leather,  furniture,  Ac.    Pop.  of  township,  1418. 

Searsport,  scerz'pOrt,  a  post-village  in  Searsport  town- 
ship, Waldo  CO.,  Me.,  on  Penobscot  Bay,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Belfast,  and  about  30  miles  S.  by  W,  of  Bangor.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  high  school,  a  savings-bank,  a  pump-factory,  a 
spool-factory,  2  saw-mills,  Ac.  It  is  partly  supported  by 
ehip-building  and  by  trade  in  ice,  which  is  shipped  here  in 
winter.     Pop.  about  1500;  of  the  township,  2282. 

Searstown,seerz'town,  a  village  in  South  Rock  Island 
township.  Rock  Island  co..  111.,  on  the  Rock  Island  A  Mercer 
County  Railroad,  i  mile  from  Milan.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Searsville,  seerz'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  San  Mateo  co., 
Cal..  about  30  miles  S.  of  San  Francisco. 

Searsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  2  miles 
E.  of  Thompson  Ridge,  and  17  miles  W.  of  Newburg. 

Sea  Side,  a  post-village  of  Richmond  eo.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Staten  Island  Railroad,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  New  York. 

Sea  Side,  Accomack  co.,  Va.    See  Mapsville. 

Sea  Side  Park,  a  summer  resort  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J., 
on  Barnegat  Bay,  7  miles  E.  of  Toms  River,  on  a  narrow 
island  which  separates  the  bay  from  the  ocean. 

Seaton,  see'tgn,  a  village  and  summer  resort  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  Devon,  on  the  English  Channel. 

Seaton-Carew,  see't^n-ka^roo',  a  maritime  town  of 
England,  co.  of  Durham,  2i  miles  by  rail  S.S.W.  of  Hartle- 
pool. It  has  several  good  inns,  lodging-houses,  baths,  and 
public  libraries,  and  is  resorted  to  for  sea-bathing.    P.  804. 

Seattle,  se-at't§l,  a  city,  capital  of  King  co.,  Wash- 
ington, is  on  the  E.  shore  of  Puget  Sound,  about  22  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Tacoma,  and  47  miles  N.E.  of  Olympia.  The  city 
is  finely  located,  and  its  harbor,  called  Elliott  Bay,  40  miles 
from  the  Strait  of  Juan  de  Fuca  and  130  miles  from  the 
open  Pacific,  affords  safe  anchorage  for  the  largest  vessels. 
Lake  Washington,  about  20  miles  in  length  and  2  miles  in 
■width,  forms  the  eastern  boundary  of  the  city,  and  within 
its  limits  lies  Lake  Union.  The  transportation  facilities 
of  Seattle  include  the  service  of  4  railroads, — the  Great 
Northern,  the  Northern  Pacific,  the  Columbia  A  Puget 
Sound,  and  the  Seattle,  Lake  Shore  A  Eastern.  The  city 
has  almost  100  miles  of  electric  and  cable  lines.  It  is  the 
seat  of  Washington  University  (organized  in  1872),  and 
has  also  a  custom-house.  United  States  court,  Ac,  3  colleges, 
1  academy,  1  seminary,  15  public  and  7  denominational 
schools,  about  60  churches,  20  banks,  4  daily  and  16  weekly 
newspapers,  a  number  of  monthly  periodicals,  and  manu- 
factures of  lumber,  shingles,  machinery,  boilers,  beer, 
Jbxicks,  tiles,  boots  and  shoes,  flour,  woollen  goods,  Ac. 
According  to  the  census  of  1890,  the  capital  employed  in 
all  industries  reported  was  $4,284,707,  and  the  value  of  the 
annual  product  $9,207,195.  Leading  articles  of  export  are 
lumber,  coal,  hops,  and  fish  of  various  kinds.  Seattle  is 
the  base  of  supplies  for  the  coal-miues,  fisheries,  and  lum- 
ber-camps of  this  region.  Pop.  in  1880,3533;  in  1890, 
42,837;  in  1892  (local  census),  57,542. 
;  Sea  View,  a  mountain  of  New  South  Wales.  It  is  6000 
feet  in  height. 

153 


Seaview,  see'vu,  a  station  in  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  on 
the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  31  miles  S.E.  of  Boston. 

Sea  View,  a  post-village  in  Fairfield  township,  Cum- 
berland CO.,  N.J.,  near  Delaware  Baj',  5i  miles  S.W.  of 
Fairton.     It  has  3  churches. 

Seaville,  see'vil,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Ky. 

Seaville,a  post-village  in  Dennis  township,  Cape  May 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  about  3  miles  from  Seaville 
Station  of  the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  and  about  20  miles  S. 
of  May's  Landing.     It  has  a  church. 

Seba'go,  a  post-township  of  Cumberland  co..  Mo.,  about 
30  miles  N.W.  of  Portland,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Sebago 
Lake.     Pop.  803. 

Sebago,  a  post-office  of  Linn  co.,  Mo. 

Sebago  Lake,  Maine,  is  in  Cumberland  co.,  about  18 
miles  N.W.  of  Portland,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  the 
Cumberland  A  Oxford  Canal.  It  is  12  miles  long  and  8  miles 
wide.     Its  outlet  runs  southeastward  into  Casco  Bay. 

Sebago  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  in  Standish  township, 
Cumberland  co..  Me.,  at  the  S.  end  of  Sebago  Lake,  and  on 
the  Portland  A  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  17  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Portland.  It  has  1  or  2  saw-mills  and  a  manufactory  of 
clothing. 

Sebando,  a  town  of  Thibet.     See  Chobando. 

Sebaste.     See  Seevas  and  Sebustieh. 

Sebastian,  se-bast'yan,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of 
Arkansas,  has  an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Arkansas  River,  which  is  navi- 
gable by  steamboats.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly  or  moun- 
tainous, and  is  diversified  with  fertile  prairies,  and  forests 
of  the  oak,  hickory,  chestnut,  sweet-gum,  yellow  pine,  and 
other  trees.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  pork,  and  grass  are  the 
staple  products.  Among  the  prominent  features  of  this 
county  is  the  Cortes  Mountain,  a  peak  of  the  Sugar  Loaf 
Range.  Bituminous  coal  is  abundant  here.  The  coal  of 
this  county  is  thicker  and  more  extensive  than  in  any  other 
part  of  the  state.  Capital,  Greenwood.  Valuation  of  real 
and  personal  estate,  $4,501,632.  Pop.  12,940,  of  whom 
12,292  were  Americans;  in  1880,  19,560, 

Sebastiansberg,  se-bi8'te-Ans-b6RG\  or  Basberg, 
bis'b^RG,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Saatz. 

Sebas'ticook,  a  small  river  of  Maine,  rises  in  New- 
port Pond,  Penobscot  co.,  runs  southwestward,  and  enters 
the  Kennebec  River  opposite  Waterville,  in  Kennebec  co. 
It  is  nearly  50  miles  long. 

Sebastopol,  Russia.    Sec  Sevastopoi.. 

Sebastopol,  seb-as-to'pol,  a  post-village  of  Sonoma 
CO.,  Cal.,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Santa  Rosa,  and  about  50  miles 
N.  of  San  Francisco. 

Sebastopol,  a  hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  111.,  5  miles 
S.E.  of  Highland  Station. 

Sebastopol,  a  hamlet  of  Scott  co..  Miss.,  20  miles  N. 
of  Lake  Station.     It  has  2  churches  and  2  stores. 

Sebastopol,  seb-as-to'p^l,  a  suburb  of  Ballarat,  Vic- 
toria, Australia.     Pop.  6496. 

Sebastopolis,  Asia  Minor.     See  Toorkhal. 

Se'bec',  a  post-village  in  Sebec  township,  Piscataquis 
CO.,  Me.,  on  a  lake  of  the  same  name,  5  miles  N.  of  Sebeo 
Station,  about  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bangor.  It  is  at  the 
outlet  or  E.  end  of  the  lake,  which  is  navigated  by  a  steam- 
boat. It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  a  woollen-mill,  a  tub- 
factory,  and  2  lumber-mills.  The  township  is  bounded  on 
the  S.  by  the  Piscataquis  River.     Pop.  of  the  township,  954. 

Sebec  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Piscataquis  co..  Me., 
in  Sebec  township,  on  the  Bangor  A  Piscataquis  Railroad,  7 
miles  E.  of  Dover.     It  has  a  store. 

Sebee,  si'bee\  or  Sewee,  si'wee\  a  town  at  the  S. 
frontier  of  Afghanistan,  15  miles  E.  of  Dadur. 

Se  Bee'ro,  or  North  Po'ra  Island,  Indian  Ocean, 
off  the  AV.  coast  of  Sumatra.  Lat.  of  the  N.  point,  0°  56' 
S.;  Ion.  98°  38'  E.     It  is  60  miles  in  length. 

Seben,  sA'ben  (Hun.  Szeben,  sA'ben*),  a  town  of  Hun- 
gary, CO.  of  Saros,  on  the  Tarcza,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Epe- 
ries.     Pop.  2701.     It  has  a  trade  in  wine,  spirits,  and  paper, 

Sebenico,  si-b4'ne-ko,  a  town  of  Dalmatia,  42  miles 
S.E.  of  Zara,  on  an  inlet  of  the  Adriatic,  which  receives  the 
river  Kerka.  Pop.  5300.  It  has  an  excellent  harbor,  de- 
fended by  several  forts.  The  principal  edifice  is  a  lofty 
cathedral  of  curious  appearance,  but  magnificent  internally. 
The  town  has  various  buildings  of  Venetian  architectui-e, 
its  republic  having  voluntarily  annexed  itself  to  Venice  in 
991.  It  has  a  manufactory  of  rosoglio,  exports  of  wine, 
and  an  active  trade. 

Sebennytiis,  the  ancient  name  of  Semenood, 

Sebesh,  si'bdsh  (Polish,  Siebiez,  se-i'be-6zh),  a  town 
of  Russia,  government  and  95  miles  N.W.  of  Vitebsk,  be- 
tween Lakes  Sebesh  and  Woron.     Pop.  3211. 


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Sebewa,  8o'bo-w^,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ionia  oo.,  Mioh., 
In  Danby  and  Sobcwa  townships,  7  inilcsS.W.  of  Portland, 
and  about  24  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Lansing.  It  has  a  church, 
•  flour-mill,  and  a  hotel.     Pop.  of  Sebowa  township,  15 AC. 

Sebewa  Creek^  of  Michigan,  enters  Grand  River  in 
Ionia  00. 

Sebewaing)  so-be-w&'ing,  a  post-village  in  Sobewaing 
township,  Huron  co.,  Mioh.,  1  wile  from  the  E.  shore  of 
Saginaw  Bay,  and  28  or  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bay  City.  It 
has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  lumber,  and 
stoves.     Pop.  about  600 ;  of  the  township,  (1880),  1489. 

Sebha,  si'b&,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Fezzan,  80  miles  N. 
of  Moorzook. 

Sebnitz,  sSb'nits,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia,  14  miles 
N.W.  of  Liognitz.     Pop.  1285. 

Sebnitz,  sdb'nits,  a  town  of  Saxony,  24  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Dresden.  It  has  manufactures  of  linen,  paper,  woollen 
cloth,  silk  stuffs,  &o.     Pop.  A222. 

S^boncourt,  s&^bAN^^koon',  a  village  of  Franco,  in 
Aisno,  aiTondisifiomcnt  of  Saint-Quentin.     Pop.  2372. 

Seboo,  Sebou,  or  Sebu,  s&^boo'  (ano.  Subnrf),  or 
Jiahmore)  m&-mo'r&?  a  river  of  Morocco,  descends  from 
a  ramification  of  the  Groat  Atlas,  in  Fez,  flows  first  N.W., 
then  W.,  and,  after  a  oourse  of  about  160  miles,  falls  into 
the  Atlantic  at  Mehediah.     It  is  navigable  for  boats  to  Fez. 

Seboo'is  River,  or  East  Ilranch  of  the  Pen- 
ob'scut,  rises  in  the  N.  part  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  runs 
S.,  and  enters  the  Penobscot  River  in  the  same  county. 

Se'bree,  or  Sebree  City,  a  post-village  of  Webster 
00.,  Ky.,  on  the  St.  Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  17  miles 
S.  of  Henderson.     It  has  a  church. 

Sebree,  a  hamlot  of  Howard  co.,  Mo.,  9  miles  E.  of 
Fayette.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Se'bringville  (formerly  Black  Creek),  a  post-vil- 
lage in  Perth  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad, 
40i  miles  S.E.  of  Goderich.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery, 
saw-  and  grist-mills,  stave-  and  carriage- factories,  3  hotels, 
4  stores,  and  a  large  lumber-trade.     Pop.  500. 

Scbiis,  or  Sebous,  Algeria.    See  Seibous. 

Scbustieh,  si'biis'tee-^h  (anc.  Sama'ria,  afterwards 
Sehaste),  a  village  of  Palestine,  on  a  hill,  6  miles  N.W. 
of  Nabloos.  It  is  tolerably  built,  and  its  hill  is  covered 
with  fine  gardens  and  plantations,  interspersed  with  nu- 
merous remains  of  antiquity,  such  as  a  church  erected  over 
a  sepulchre  reputed  the  burial-place  of  John  the  Baptist ; 
some  columns  of  a  temple,  and  portions  of  a  long  colon- 
nade, probably  erected  by  Herod  the  Great.  Samaria  was 
founded  by  Omri,  B.C.  925,  and  from  that  time  until  the 
Captivity,  B.C.  720,  it  continued  to  be  the  capital  of  the  ten 
tribes  of  Israel.  It  afterwards  gave  name  to  the  province 
of  Samaria,  and  under  Herod  resumed  considerable  im- 
portance ;  but  it  appears  to  have  decayed  as  early  as  the 
fourth  century  of  our  era. 

Seca,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  La  Seca. 

Secaucus,  se-kaw'kus,  a  station  of  the  Erie  Railroad, 
b  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City,  N.J. 

Secchia,  sfik'ke-i  (anc.  Se'cia,  or  Gahel'lws),  a  river  of 
Italy,  rises  in  the  Apennines,  flows  N.N.E.  through  Mo- 
dena,  and  falls  into  the  Po  12  miles  S.E.  of  Mantua.  Total 
course,  70  miles. 

Scchlersville,  s6k'l§rz-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ilixton 
township,  Jackson  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  Trempealeau  River,  1 
mile  from  Ilixton  Station  of  the  Green  Bay  &  Minnesota 
Railroad,  about  42  miles  N.  by  E.  of  La  Crosse.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Scchore,  a  town  of  India.    See  SEEnoRE. 

Sechshaus,  sSks'huwss,  or  Sechshilusel,  sSks'hoi^- 
1§1,  a  village  of  Austria,  near  Vienna,  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Weir.     Pop.  10,987. 

Se-Chnen,si*choo'dn',  written  alsoSe-Tchuen  and 
SseoTchuan,  a  large  province  of  China,  mostly  between 
lat.  26°  and  33°  N.  and  Ion.  101°  and  110°  E.,  having  W. 
Thibet,  and  on  the  other  sides  the  provinces  of  Kan- 
Soo,  Shen-See,  Hoo-Pe,  Koei-Choo,  and  Yun-Nan.  Area, 
166,880  square  miles.  Pop.  21,435,678.  lU  W.  part  is  a 
maze  of  mountains.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Yang-tso-Kiang, 
to  which  all  its  other  rivers  are  tributary.  It  produces 
sugar,  silk,  and  oranges,  but  its  chief  products  are  rhubarb, 
drugs,  musk,  and  metals.     Its  chief  city  is  Ching-Too-Foo. 

Sechura,  sA-choo'Ti,  a  town  of  North  Peru,  department 
of  Trujillo,  25  miles  S.S.W.  of  Piura,  on  the  river  Piura, 
near  its  mouth  in  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

Seckenheim,  86k'k§n-hlme\  a  village  of  Baden,  on 
the  Neckar,  4  miles  E.S.E.  of  Mannheim.     Pop.  3148. 

Seckingen,  a  town  of  Baden.     See  Sackingen. 

Seel  in,  s^h-klis"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  on  the 
Northern  Railway,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lille.     Pop.  4374.     It 


has  tanneries,  oil-mills,  and  manufactures  of  linens,  cow 
ton  fabrics,  and  sugar. 

Secluiiion,  se-klQ'zhun,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lavaca  co., 
Tex.,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Columbus.     It  has  a  church. 

Se'co,  a  stotion  in  Box  Elder  co.,  Utah,  on  the  Central 
Pacific  Railroad,  00  miles  W.N.W.  of  Corinne. 

Seco  Creek,  Texas,  rises  in  Bandera  co.,  runs  south, 
ward  through  Medina  co.,  and  enters  Rio  Hondo  about  7 
miles  from  its  mouth. 

Sec'ond  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greenbrier  oo.,  W. 
Va.,  6  miles  from  Roncoverte  Station.  It  has  a  flour-mill 
and  a  woollen-mill. 

Second  Falls,  or  Upper  Mills,  a  post-village  in 
Charlotte  co..  New  Brunswick,  9  miles  from  St.  George.  It 
has  several  saw-mills  and  a  large  lumber-trade.     Pop.  500. 

Secondigliano,  sA-kon-dcel-y4'no,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  3  miles  N.  of  Naples.     Pop.  5469. 

Sec'ondine,  a  station  in  Wyandotte  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  Kansas  City. 

Second  Lake,  AVisconsin.    See  Fouii  Lakks. 

Se'cor,  a  post-village  of  Woodford  co.,  III.,  in  Palestine 
township,  on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  A  Warsaw  Railroad,  7  miles 
W.  of  El  Paso,  and  26  miles  E.  of  Peoria.  It  has  3  churches 
and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  407. 

Se'cret  Springs,  a  post-ofiice  of  Clay  co.,  Tex. 

Secrole,  or  Sikrol,  sc-krol',  a  town  of  British  India, 
just  N.W.  of  Benares,  of  which  it  is  a  suburb.  Hero  are 
cantonments,  a  palace  of  the  maharajah,  a  government 
college,  and  fine  public  buildings. 

Secundcrabad,  8e-kiinM?r-a-b4d',  a  European  station 
in  India,  head-quarters  of  the  British  force  in  the  Nizam's 
dominions,  3  miles  N.  of  Hyderabad,  and  358  miles  N.N. W. 
of  Madras.  Lat.  17°  36'  N. ;  Ion.  78°  33'  E.  It  has  large 
cantonments,  excellent  bazaars,  shops  kept  by  Parsccs  and 
others,  European  rooms  where  balls  are  held,  a  theatre,  a 
race-ground,  and  public  libraries  ;  and  close  to  it  is  a  lake 
about  15  miles  in  circumference,  the  banks  of  which  are  a 
favorite  morning  and  evening  resort  of  the  European  com- 
munity.    Pop.,  exclusive  of  garrison,  34,357. 

SecunMcrabad',  or  Sikandarabad,  se-kunVI^r- 
a-bid',  a  town  of  India,  district  and  12  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Boolundshahur.     Pop.  18,349. 

Se^cunderpoor',  or  Sikandarpnr,  se'kun-d^r- 
poor',  a  town  of  India,  Azimghur  district.     Pop.  5239. 

Secundra,  se-kiin'dri,  a  town  of  British  India,  9  miles 
N.W.  of  Agra,  and  having  the  mausoleum  of  the  Emperor 
Akbar,  with  extensive  ruins. 

SecunMrara'o,  or  Sikandra  Rao,8c-kun'dr&  r&'o, 
a  town  of  India,  Alighur  district.     Pop.  11,988. 

Secu'rity,  a  post-office  of  Catahoula  parish.  La.,  on 
Black  River,  28  miles  W,  of  Natchez,  Miss. 

Sedalia,se-da'le-a,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  co..  Col., 
on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  25  miles  S.  of  Den- 
ver, and  5  miles  from  the  base  of  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

Sedaiia,  a  post-village  in  Owen  township,  Clinton  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  Logansport,  Crawfordsville  &  Southwestern 
Railroad,  28  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Logansport.  It  has  a 
church,  a  lumber-mill,  and  warehouses  for  grain.  Pop. 
about  300. 

Sedaiia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Graves  co.,  Ky.,  8  miles  from 
Mayfield. 

Sedaiia,  a  city,  capital  of  Pettis  co..  Mo.,  is  on  the 
Missouri  Pacific  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Missouri, 
Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  at  the  terminus  of  the  Lexing- 
ton Branch  of  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  189  miles  W, 
of  St.  Louis,  94  miles  E.S.E.  of  Kansas  City,  35  miles  S.W. 
of  Boonville,  and  111  miles  N.E.  of  Fort  Scott.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house,  an  opera-house,  a  high  school  with  a 
brick  building  which  cost  $40,000,  2  national  banks,  a 
savings-bank,  9  churches,  and  several  hotels.  This  city  is 
lighted  with  gas.  Sedaiia  has  Holly  water-works  which 
cost  $125,000,  3  flouring-mills,  a  large  grain-elevator,  an 
iron-foundry,  and  manufactures  of  farming-implements, 
machinery,  wagons,  and  railroad-cars.  Here  are  located 
the  machine-shops  and  car-works  of  the  railroads  above 
named.  Two  or  3  daily  and  4  weekly  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished here.     Pop.  in  1870,  4660 ;  in  1880,  9561. 

Sedaiia,  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  S.C.,  12  miles 
S.W.  of  Union  Court-House.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill, 
a  saw-mill,  <fec. 

Se'damsville,  a  former  village  of  Hamilton  co.,  0., 
now  forming  the  2l8t  ward  of  Cincinnati.  The  name  is 
still  applied  to  its  railroad  station  on  the  Ohio  A  Mississippi 
Railroad  (3  miles  W.  of  the  initial  station),  also  to  one  on 
the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  &  Lafayette  Railroad. 

Sedan,  8?h-d6!j»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ardennes,  on 
the  Mouse,   13  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of   M^zidres.     Poo 


SED 


2427 


SEE 


15,862.  It  has  a  communal  college,  a  school  of  design, 
and  in  its  principal  square  a  bronze  statue  of  Turenne,  born 
hero  in  1611.  The  citadel,  at  the  S.E.  extremity  of  the 
town,  contains  a  large  arsenal.  Sedan  is  the  centre  of  an 
extensive  manufacture  of  woollen  goods,  hosiery,  leather, 
arms,  hardwares,  barrels,  beet  sugar,  and  linen  yarn;  it 
has  an  active  trade  in  agricultural  produce.  In  order  to 
facilitate  navigation,  a  canal  has  been  formed  along  the  left 
bank  of  the  Meuse.  Sedan  was  long  an  independent  prin- 
cipality, and  was  united  to  France  under  Louis  XIII.  It 
had  a  celebrated  Protestant  university  till  the  revocation 
of  the  edict  of  Nantes.  It  is  noted  for  the  great  German 
victory  over  the  French,  September  1,  1870. 

Se^daii',  a  post-office  of  Wilcox  co.,  Ala. 

Sedan  (formerly  Lawrence),  a  post-village  in  Rich- 
land township,  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  & 
Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Kendallville. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and  wash- 
ing-machines.    Pop.  176. 

Sedan)  a  station  in  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Mis- 
souri, Iowa  &,  Nebraska  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Bur- 
lington <fc  Southwestern  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Centre- 
villc,  and  19  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bloomfield. 

Sedan,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Chautauqua  co.,  Kansas, 
in  Sedan  township,  on  Caney  (or  Cana)  River,  about  30 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Independence.  It  has  a  newspaper  office, 
a  bank,  and  3  churches.     Pop.  665;  of  township,  1476. 

Sedan,  a  post-office  of  Charlevoix  co.,  Mich. 

Sedan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scioto  co.,  0.,  about  18  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Portsmouth. 

Sedan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hampshire  co.,  W.  Va.,  about 
30  miles  W.  of  AVinchcster,  Va.     It  has  a  woollen-mill. 

Sedashoogur,  si-di^shoo-gur',  or  Sodashava- 
ghur,  so-dA^shd-vi-gilr',  a  town  of  British  India,  presidency 
of  Bombay,  on  the  Malabar  coast,  49  miles  S.S.E.  of  Goa. 

Sedbergh,  s6d'b?rg,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  12 
miles  E.  of  Kendall.  It  has  a  grammar-school,  and  manu- 
factures of  cotton  goods.     Pop.  of  township,  1593. 

Sed'don,  or  Bland  Court-House,  a  post-village, 
capital  of  Bland  co.,  Va.,  20  miles  N.  of  Wytheville.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  court-house,  a  cabinet-shop,  3  dry-goods 
stores,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  tannery.  Pop.  about  350. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Bland  Court-IIouse. 

Sedella,  sd-i)51'yi,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  36 
miles  N.E.  of  Malaga.     Pop.  1793. 

Scdge'field,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  10  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Durham,     Pop.  of  township,  2098. 

Sedge'moor,  a  wild  tract  of  England,  co.  of  Somerset, 
extending  in  a  S.E.  direction  from  Bridgewater.  It  was  in 
1685  the  scene  of  the  defeat  of  the  Duke  of  Monmouth's 
forces  by  the  troops  of  James  II. 

Sedgcr,  sSd'j?r,  Segars,  (?)  or  San  Ju'an  (Sp.  pron. 
sin  Hoo-in'),  a  river  of  Patagonia,  falls  into  Port  Famine, 
in  the  Strait  of  Magellan. 

Sedge's  (sej'iz)  Gar'den,  a  post-hamlet  of  Forsyth 
CO.,  N.C.,  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Winston. 

SedgeAvick,  sej'wlk,  a  post-office  of  Decatur  co.,  Iowa, 
about  48  miles  S.W.  of  Chariton. 

Sedgewickville,  Bollinger  co..  Mo.   See  Smithville. 

Sedgwick,  sej'wlk,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Kansas, 
has  an  area  of  about  1000  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Arkansas  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Little 
Arkansas  and  Ninne  Scab  Rivers  and  Cowskin  Creek. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile. Indian  corn,  wheat,  grass,  and  cattle  are  the  staple 
products.  Ninety-nine  per  cent,  of  this  county  is  said  to 
be  prairie.  It  is  partly  intersected  by  a  branch  of  the  At- 
chison, Topeka  <fc  Santa  Fe  Railroad.  Capital,  Wichita. 
Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $910,000.  Pop.  in 
1870,  1095:  in  1875,  8310;  in  1877, 13,414;  in  1880,  18,753. 

Sedgwick,  or  Sedgwick  City,  a  post-village  of 
Harvey  co.,  Kansas,  is  near  the  Little  Arkansas  River, 
and  on  a  branch  of  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &,  Santa  Fe  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Newton,  and  17  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Wichita.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  2  banks,  and 
a  steam  flouring-mill.     Pop.  in  1880,  415. 

Sedgwick,  a  post-village  in  Sedgwick  township,  Han- 
cock CO.,  Me.,  on  the  E.  side  of  Penobscot  Bay,  about  24 
miles  S.E.  of  Belfast,  and  42  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Bangor. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1113. 

Sedgwick,  a  post-office  of  Linn  co..  Mo. 

Sedgwick  Mines,  a  hamlet  of  Fayette  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Youghiogheny  River,  and  at  Sedgwick  Station  on  the  Bal- 
timore &  Ohio  Railroad  (Pittsburg  division),  53  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Pittsburg.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  coal-mine. 

Sedilo,  s4-dee'lo,  a  village  of  Sardinia,  26  miles  N.E. 
of  Oristano.     Por.  2640. 


Sedini,  si-dee'nee,  a  village  of  Sardinia,  16  miles  N.E. 
of  Sassari.     Pop.  1444. 

Sedlczany,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Seltschan. 

Sedlitz,  s£d'lits,  or  Sedletz,  written  also  Seidlitz, 
eid'lits,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Saatz.  It 
is  famous  for  mineral  springs  containing  sulphates  of  soda 
and  magnesia,  which  are  exported  in  large  quantities. 

Sedo,  si'do,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Foota-Toro.  Lat.  15° 
29'  N.;  Ion.  13°  42'  W.     Pop.  about  6000. 

Sednnum,  a  town  of  Switzerland.    See  Siox. 

Seea'nuh,  or  Siyana,  see-i'na,  a  town  of  India,  in 
Boolundshahur.    Lat.  28°  37'  N.;  Ion.  78°  9'  E.     P.  5744. 

Seeberg,  si'b^RG,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
17  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bern.     Pop.  1996. 

Seebgunge,  scebvanj',  or  Saifganj,  saPgunj',  a 
town  of  Bengal,  Purneah  district.  Lat.  25°  32'  N. ;  Ion. 
87°  37'  36"  E.  It  has  a  large  trade  in  rice  and  blankets. 
Pop.,  with  contiguous  villages,  10,000. 

Seebsau'gor,  or  Sibsagar,  seeb-si'gar,  a  town  of 
Assam,  capital  of  Seebsaugor  district,  150  miles  E.  by  N. 
of  Nowgong.     Pop.  6278. 

Seebsaugor,  or  Sibsagar,  a  district  in  the  extreme 
N.E.  of  Assam,  British  India,  bounded  N.W.  by  the  Brah- 
mapootra. Area,  2413  square  miles.  Capital,  Seebsaugor. 
Pop.  290,589. 

Seeburg,  si'bSoRO,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  11  miles 
S.W.  of  Bischofsstein.     Pop.  2926. 

Seedas,  or  Sidas,  seeMis'  (anc.  Saittie),  a  village  of 
Asia  Minor,  N.W.  of  Ala-Shehr  (Philadelphia).  In  the 
vicinity  are  the  remains  of  ancient  buildings. 

SeedlaAV  Hills.    See  Sidlaw. 

Seedorf,  si'doRf,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
9  miles  N.W.  of  Bern.     Pop.  2649. 

See'fingan,  a  mountain  of  Ireland,  co.  of  AVicklow,  5J 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Blessington.     Height,  2364  feet. 

Sechausen,  si'hSw^z^n,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony< 
on  the  Aland,  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Perleberg.     Pop.  3966. 

Seehausen,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  15  miles  W. 
of  Magdeburg,  with  3083  inhabitants,  and  the  ruins  of  an 
establishment  of  the  Knights  Templars. 

Seehore,  see^hOr',  a  town  of  India  in  the  Kattywar 
peninsula,  12  miles  W.  of  the  Gulf  of  Cambay.     P.  10,028. 

See'horn,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Adams  co.,  III., 
on  the  Quincy,  Alton  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad,  16  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Quincy. 

See-Kao-Shan,  or  Si-Kao-Chan,  see  ki'o  shin, 
a  mountain  of  China,  province  of  Pe-Chee-Lee,  in  lat.  41° 
2'  N.,  Ion.  115°  55'  E.     It  is  covered  with  perpetual  snow. 

See-Kiang,  a  river  of  China.     See  Hong-Kiang. 

See'konk,  a  post-office  of  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  in  See- 
konk  township,  4  miles  E.S.E.  of  Providence,  R.I.  The 
township  contains  a  church.     Pop.  of  township,  1167. 

See'land  (Fr.  pron.  siMft.vd' ;  Ger.  pron.  sA'lint),  Sea- 
land,  Zeeland,  Zealand,  zee'lind,  or  Sieland  (Danl 
SjielUiiid,  syfil'lind ;  L.  Seelan'dia),  the  largest  and  most 
important  of  the  islands  of  Denmark,  lying  between  the 
Cattegat  and  the  Baltic  Sea.  Lat.  54°  67'  35"  to  56°  V 
40"  N. ;  Ion.  10°  54'  to  12°  40'  E.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.  and  N.AV.  by  the  Cattegat ;  W.  by  the  Great  Belt,  sepa- 
rating it  from  the  island  of  Funen ;  S.  by  the  Great  Belt 
and  channels,  separating  it  from  the  islands  of  Laaland, 
Falster,  and  Miien;  S.E.  by  the  Baltic;  and  E.  by  the 
sound,  at  its  narrowest  only  3  miles  wide,  separating  it 
from  Sweden.  Its  shape  is  very  irregular,  and  its  shores 
are  much  indented,  especially  in  the  S.W.,  where  it  is 
washed  by  the  B.altic.  Greatest  length,  from  N.  to  S.,  81 
miles;  greatest  breadth,  66  miles;  area,  2840  square  miles. 
The  surface  is  for  the  most  part  flat,  and,  especially  on  the 
S.W.  and  the  middle  of  the  E.  coast,  is  very  little  raised 
above  the  level  of  the  sea.  The  highest  land  is  in  the  S., 
but  its  elevation  never  exceeds  200  feet.  The  soil  is  an 
alluvium  of  great  fertility,  well  adapted  to  the  growth  of 
barley  and  rye,  which  form  the  principal  crops.  Horses, 
sheep,  and  cattle  are  numerous.  Wood,  which  at  one  time 
stretched  in  extensive  forests,  has  been  much  diminished. 
The  supply  of  fuel  would  be  inadequate  were  it  not  com- 
pensated by  tracts  of  turf  or  peat.  The  climate  of  Seclaiid, 
owing  to  its  low  surface  and  insular  position,  is  much  milder 
than  its  latitude  indicates.  The  worst  feature  in  the  cli- 
mate is  its  humidity,  with  the  consequent  prevalence  of 
rains  and  mists.  The  Suus-Aa,  which  falls  into  the  Nest- 
ved-Fiord,  is  the  most  important  stream,  having  a  circu- 
itous course  of  about  50  miles.  Seeland  is  the  seat  of  the 
principal  manufactures  of  Denmark.  For  administrative 
purposes  the  island  is  divided  into  5  amts,  which  compre- 
hend not  merely  Seeland  proper,  but  a  number  of  small 
islands  that  line  its  coasts.    Of  these  the  principal  are 


SEE 


2428 


8SQ 


Miien,  Ainager,  and  Saltholm.  Its  capital  >•  Copanhagen, 
which  is  also  th«  capital  of  the  whole  Daaish  doiuinious. 
Pop.  037,711.  The  name  Skblamd  ("aea-land")  baa  refer- 
ence to  its  being  lurrounded  bj  the  sea. 

SeeMey,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  oo.,  Neb.,  7  miiea  N. 
of  Grafton  Station.    It  has  a  flour-mill. 

See'ley*s  Bayt  a  post-village  in  Leeds  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  Rideaa  Canal,  23  miles  from  Kingston.  It  contains 
fi  stores  and  2  hotels.     Pup.  150. 

Scelow«  sA'ISw,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  of  BrsAden- 
burg,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Frankfurt,     Pop.  3518. 

ScelowitS)  a  town  of  Moravia.    See  SKU>wrrs. 

See'ljTt  a  township  of  Faribault  co.,  Mino.     Pop.  386. 

Seely  Creek,  a  post-hamlct  of  Chomung  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Elmira  <!t  State  Line  Railroad,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Elmira. 

See'lyville,  a  post-bamlet  of  Vigo  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  V'andalia  t  Xerre  Uaute  Railroad,  7  miles  £.  by  N. 
df  Terre  Haute. 

Seelyville*  a  hamlet  of  Morgan  oo.,  0.,  10  miles  S.W. 
of  Belle  Valley  Station.    It  has  a  church. 

Seelyvillei  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co..  Pa.,  1  mile 
from  Uonesdale.  It  has  a  woollen-factory,  a  machine-shop, 
a  saw-mill,  a  sash-  and  blind-factory,  Ac 

Seemleahf  seem'le-i,  a  town  of  Central  India,  do- 
minion and  S.W.  of  Indore. 

Seem'ly,  a  post-office  of  Iroquois  co.,  III.,  30  miles  N. 
by  W.  of  Danville.     Here  are  several  artesian  wells. 

Seena*  8oe'n&,  a  river  of  India,  after  a  S.E.  course  of 
ISO  miles,  joins  the  Beomah  20  miles  S.  of  Solapcnir.  Xbo 
towns  of  Ahmcdnuggur  and  Solupoor  are  on  its  banks, 
and  in  most  part  of  its  extent  it  flows  between  the  Bombay 
presidency  and  the  territory  of  the  Niiam. 

Secncc,  a  river  of  Ashantec    See  Ancobrr. 

ScO'Ngan,  or  Si-Ngan*  see-ngin',  written  also  Siaii, 
■e-&n',  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Shcn-Sec,  capit^il  of  a 
department,  on  an  aflluent  of  the  Uoci-llo.  Lat.  'i4°  12' 
N.;  Ion.  10S°  40'  E.  It  is  large,  enclosed  by  walls,  and  the 
principal  military  depot  for  the  N.  provinces  of  China. 

SeengCDy  sin'gh^n,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
of  Aargau,  at  the  N.  extremity  of  the  Lake  of  llallwyl,  9 
miles  S.E.  of  Aarau.     Pop.  U63. 

Sce-Ning«Foo  (Si«Ning>Foa),  seo-ning-foo',  a 
town  of  China,  province  of  Kan-Soo,  on  a  river  of  its  own 
name,  118  miles  N.W.  of  Lan-Choo. 

See'pra,  a  river  of  India,  having  its  rise  on  the  N. 
side  of  the  Vindhyn  mountain- range,  in  lot.  22°  37'  N., 
Ion.  76°  12'  £.  It  has  a  sinuous  N.W.  course  of  120  miles, 
receiving  on  its  left  side  the  small  river  Kaund,  40  miles 
from  its  source,  passes  the  towns  of  0<\iein  and  Mabei<l- 
poor.  and  falls  into  the  Chumbul  on  the  right,  in  lat.  23° 
64'  N.,  Ion.  75°  29'  E. 

Seer,  or  Sir«  seer,  a  month  of  the  Indus  River,  in 
Sinde,  continuous  with  the  Pinyaree  Brunch,  and  H.W.  of 
the  Koroe  mouth. 

Seerb,  a  Turkish  name  of  Sertia. 

Seer^poor',  or  Sheer^poor',  a  town  of  India,  C>in- 
deish  district,  55  miles  N.N.E.  of  Dboolio.  Pop.  6570.  See 
also  Shkerpoor. 

Seesen,  s4's^n,  a  town  of  Germany,  Brunswick,  on  the 
Schildau,  12  miles  W.  of  Goslar.  Pop.  337S.  It  has  an 
old  castle,  and  manufactures  of  leather,  oil,  and  iron-wares. 

See«Shaii)  or  Si>Chaii}  soe-sh&n',  a  mountain  of 
China,  in  Shan-See.     Lat.  39°  24'  X.;  Ion.  112°  15'  E. 

SeetaraoWf  or  Seetamhow,  see't&-niuw',  a  town  of 
India,  in  the  Gwalior  dominions,  42  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ma- 
heidpoor. 

Sectamurhee,  or  Sitamarhi,  see^ti-miir'hee,  a 
town  of  Bengal,  in  Moxufi°erpoor.  Lat.  26°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  S5° 
32'  E.     Pop.  5496.     It  has  a  large  trade  and  many  temples. 

SeeHapoor',  or  Sitapur,  see't^-poor',  aiso  called 
Chce^tapoor',  a  town  uf  India,  capital  of  Sectn}>oor  dis- 
trict and  division,  60  miles  N.  of  Lucknow.     Pop.  57S0. 

Seetapoor,  a  division  of  India,  in  Oudc,  of  which  it 
forms  the  W.  and  N.W.  portion.  Area,  75SS  square  miles. 
Capital,  Seetapoor.  Pop.  2,603,619.  Seetapoor  District  is 
in  the  S.  part  of  the  division,  of  which  it  forms  the  most 
densely  peopled  share.  Area,  2250  square  miles.  Capital, 
Seetapoor.     Pop.  930,224. 

SceS'as'j  or  Si vas*  seeV&s'  (ane.CV(6i''ra  and  Sebai'le), 
a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  the  capital  of  a  vilayet  of  its 
own  name,  is  situated  in  an  extensive  plain,  near  the  Kiiil- 
Irmnk,  6U  miles  S.  of  Tokat.  Lat.  39°  20'  X.;  Ion.  about 
37°  K.  Pup.  about  6000  families.  Its  houses  are  inter- 
spersed with  gardens,  and  its  numerous  minarets  give  it  a 
cheerful  appearance.  It  has  many  old  mosques  and  khans, 
a  castle,  baiaars  well  supplied  with  goods,  manuf:ictures  of 
Wftrse  woollens  and  other  fabrics,  and  a  considerable  transit 


and  import  trade.  Near  it,  Mithridates  was  defeatwl  b] 
Lucullus,  and  Bajaiet  by  Tamerlane. 

Seevas,  8iva«,see'viU',  or  Room,  room,  a  vilarpt  of 
Asiatic  Turkey,  oompriaing  poiii  •"■■•.:' 

Turkish  Armenia,  between  lat.  '■■- 
Ion.  33°  30'  and  39°  40'  E.,  haMi 

is  traversed  from  W.  to  E.  by  ll»u  chaiu  <.|  Auii-ih   :,.- 
The  principal  rivers  are  the  Yeshil-Iruiak,  in  iu  in'  . 
the  Euphrates, on  its  E.,  and  the  Kizil-Inuak  '   - 
on  its  W.  frontier.     The  products  consist  ut   ^ 
barley,  oats,  flax,  hemp,  silk,  tobacco,  cotton,  vv 
wool,  fruit,  honey,  copper,  lead,  iron,  and  uiuroli;.     l..,., 
herds  of  cattle  and  sheep  are  fed  on  the  plaino.  Caiuil-  .u.  i 
bufliiloos  are  the  chief  b«Mta  of  burden. 

Seevergem,  8i'vfr-obAin\  a  village  of  Belgium,  od 
the  Scheldt,  4  miles  S.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  1254. 

Secwah,  Africa.     See  El  Sbewau. 

Seez,  si,  a  town  of  France,  in  Onie,  13  miles  N.N.E.  •■( 
AIcn(on,  on  the  Orne.  Pop.  3760.  It  has  a  eathedral  of 
the  twelfth  century,  an  episcopal  pakuse,  and  cotton- man u- 
faotories  wrought  by  steam. 

Sefakin,  sA'f&-kccn',  a  walled  town  of  Arabia,  in  Ye- 
men, 05  miles  W.S.W.  of  Sana. 

Sefan,  so-f&n',  Sil'au,  sce'f&n',  or  Soofan,  soo'fin', 
the  easternmost  portion  of  Thibet,  bordering  on  the  Chine-' 
provinces  of  Se-Chuen  and  Kan-Soo,  and  extending  fri<ii. 
lat.  28°  to  30°  N.,  bordering  N.  on  Lake  Koko-Nor.  li> 
chief  river  is  the  Ynng-tse-Kian)?. 

Sefeed  Rood,  or  Seiid  Rud,  s^f^eed'  rood  ("  wh'te 
river"),   written  also   Sulfeid   Rud,  a  river  of  I 
formed  by  the  junction  of  the  Zenjan  and  some  utlit ! 

with  the  Kizil-Oozen,  near  Miunna,  flows  at  first  :;.l 

tween  the  provinces  of  Irak-Ajemec  and  Aierba^an,  and 
then  N.E.  through  Ghilan,  and  enters  the  Caspian  Sea  bv 
several  mouths,  30  miles  E.  of  Ueshd.  At  15  miles  from 
the  sea  it  divides  into  2  principal  branches,  forming  a  del (:i, 
in  which  is  the  town  of  Lahajan.  Its  lower  part  is  of  con- 
siderable breadth  and  depth,  but  its  navigation  is  impeded 
by  shifting  sands.  At  its  princi|ial  mouth  is  a  large  stur- 
geon-flshery.     Chief  aflluent,  the  Shah  Rood, 

Selfin,  scrfeen',  n  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  in  Mesopo- 
tamia, N.  of  Rakka.  During  the  seventh  century,  in  the 
period  of  110  days,  90  conflicts  between  the  adherents  of 
Alee  and  of  Moaweeyah  took  place  in  its  vicinity,  in  which 
it  is  believed  that  711,000  Mohammedans  perished. 

Scfisia,  or  Seficifa.     Sec  Ain-Sefikifa. 

Sefoorieh,  or  Sefurieh,  sA-foo'rce-?h  (anc.  Seppho'- 
rt«  and  Diwfuurea),  a  village  of  Palestine^  16  miles  S.E, 
of  Acre,  at  the  foot  of  a  height,  on  which  are  the  ruins  of  a 
large  castle. 

Serton,  a  township  of  Fayette  oo.,  III.     Pop.  1227. 

Segal,  sfh-g&r,  a  small  island  off  the  W.  ooost  of 
France,  department  of  Finist&re. 

Scg*amet',  or  Munr,  moo-ar',  a  state  of  the  Malay 
Peninsula,  about  lat.  2°  X..  Ion.  103°  E.     Pop.  2400. 

Segnrs,  Patagonia.     See  Sedger. 

Segeberg,  si'gh^h-birtcV,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  IIoI- 
stein,  on  the  Trave,  28  miles  X.N.E.  of  Hamburg.  It  lia* 
manufactures  of  woollens.     Pop.  5044. 

Segcdin,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Szeckhix. 

Segelniesa,  86g-6l-mJ!!'A,orSigilmessa,sigMl-in^'- 
sA,  written  also  Sugulmessa,  a  town  of  Morocco,  K.  of 
Mount  Atlas,  near  the  Zii,  in  lat.  31°  10'  N..  Ion.  2°  20'  W. 

Segelsem,  s,\'Gh?ls-fiin%  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Kait 
Flanders,  14*  miles  S.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  1595. 

Segestica,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Hi;»ie.«ta. 

Segcsvar,  a  town  of  Transylvania.     Sec  .Schaksbi  i!0, 

Segicler,  s&g-ik'l^r  or  sig'ikMfr,  a  village  of  Asia 
Minor,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Ushak,  with  various  remains,  sup 
posed  to  be  those  of  the  ancient  Sebmle. 

Segna,  the  Italian  name  of  Zesgg. 

Segnes  (sign*?)  Pass,  East  Switzerland,  between 
Glarus  and  the  Grisons,  is  14  miles  N.AV.  of  Chur,  and  75O0 
feet  above  the  sea.  It  was  crossed  by  Suwarow  in  his  re- 
treat before  the  French,  October,  1 799. 

Segni,  sjn'vee  or  sain'yee,  a  town  of  Italy,  provinee 
of  Rome,  13  miles  E.  of  Velletri,  Pop.  5547.  It  has  a 
cathedral. 

Sego,  si'go,  or  Segozero,  sA-go-ii'ro,  a  lake  of  Rus- 
sia, government  of  Olonets,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Lake  Onega. 
Length  and  breadth,  about  20  miles  each.  It  discharges  its 
surplus  waters  N.E.  into  Lake  Vigo. 

Se'go,  a  town  of  Central  Africa,  capital  of  the  »«««••' 
Bambarra,  on  the  Joliba.  Lat.  13°  5'  N. ;  Ion.  5°  W .  Es- 
timated pop.  30.000,  a  mixture  of  negroes.  Moor?,  ami 
Foolahs.  It  consisU  of  an  aggregation  of  fortifie<i  quarters, 
in  one  of  which  is  a  royal  residence.    The  houses  are  « 


SEG 


2429 


SEl 


ilay,  square,  and  flat-roofeil.  It  has  numerous  mosques, 
ind  is  the  seat  of  considerable  traffic. 

Sc'go,  a  post-office  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas,  25  miles  S.S.W. 
»f  Hutchinson. 

Scgo,  a  post-hamlct  of  Perry  co.,  0.,  13  or  14  miles  S.W. 
(f  Ziinesville.     Pop.  33. 

Segodunum,  the  ancient  name  of  Rodrz. 

Scgoiitium,  the  ancient  name  of  Carnauvon. 

S6gonznc,  84."g6N»'zik',  a  town  of  France,  in  Charonte, 
!  miles  S.E.  of  Cognac.     Pop.  of  commune,  2809. 

Segorbe,  s4-gou'bi  (anc.  Ser/ob'riga),  a  city  of  Spain, 
•rovinco  and  25  miles  W.S.W.  of  Castellon  de  la  Plana, 
loar  the  Palencia,  18  miles  N.'W.  of  Murviedro.  Lat.  39° 
4'  N. ;  Ion.  0°  30'  W.  Pop.  7232.  It  has  squares  orna- 
nented  with  public  fountains,  a  cathedral,  and  manufac- 
ures  of  earthenware,  paper,  starch,  and  brandy. 

Segovia,  se-go've-a  (Sp.  pron.si-go've-i;  Ft.  Sfgovie, 
I'go'vee'),  a  city  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  capital  of  a 
trovinco  of  its  own  name,  45  miles  N.W.  of  Madrid.  Lat. 
j  I"  N. ;  Ion.  4°  17'  W.  It  is  encircled  by  walls,  with  round 
owcrs,  built  by  Alonzo  VI.,  and  has  an  alcazar,  the  great 
:eep  of  which  is  studded  with  angular  turrets.  It  is  cn- 
ered  by  five  gates,  besides  several  smaller  entrances.  The 
troets  are  very  narrow,  tortuous,  and  ill  paved ;  and  the 
ouses,  many  of  which  were  once  inhabited  by  noblemen, 
ave  a  quaint,  old-fi\shioned  appearance.  Its  most  rcmark- 
ble  edifice  is  the  Roman  aqueduct,  which  begins  near  the 
aonastery  of  St.  Gabriel  and  has  an  entire  length  of  2921 
eet.  The  number  of  arches  is  170,  some  of  which  rise  102 
eet  above  the  valley.  This  noble  work  is  constructed  of 
ranite,  and  unites  simplicity,  solidity,  and  utility.  It  was 
roken  down  in  1071  by  the  Moors  of  Toledo,  who  sacked 
egoviaand  destroyed  35  arches.  It  remained  in  ruins  till 
483,  when  Juan  Escovedo,  a  monk,  reconstructed  it. 

On  the  river  Eresma  stands  the  mint,  where  all  the 
ational  coinage  was  formerly  struck,  as  the  river  afforded 
'ater-power,  and  the  adjoining  alcazar  was  the  treasury, 
'he  other  principal  buildings  are  the  cathedral,  one  of  the 
nest  in  Spain,  numerous  other  churches  and  convents,  an 
piscopal  palace,  a  school  of  artillery,  where  arms  and  pro- 
ectiles  are  manufactured,  an  institute  for  the  higher 
ranches  of  education,  with  a  library,  a  theological  school, 
n  academy  of  the  fine  arts,  a  picture-gallery,  a  foundling 
ospital,  and  numerous  other  charitable  institutions,  a 
leatro,  and  a  strong  prison.  The  former  prosperity  of 
egovia  depended  on  its  wool  and  cloth  manufactures,  with 
hich  it  supplied  the  principal  markets  in  Europe;  but 
very  branch  of  industry  is  reduced,  there  being  only  a 
mited  manufacture  of  paper,  silver-work,  Ac.  Near  it 
re  mines  of  lead  and  copper,  and  quarries  of  black  marble. 

During  the  Moorish  ascendency  it  was  a  seat  of  govern- 
tent,  and  subsequently  some  of  the  monarchs  of  Castile 
isided  here.  On  June  7,  1808,  Segovia  was  entered  and 
icked  by  the  French,  who  held  it  till  1814.  Pop.,  once 
bove  30,000,  now  reduced  to  10,339. 

Segovia,  a  province  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile.  Area, 
ri4  square  miles.     Capital,  Segovia.     Pop.  150,812. 

Segowlie^  or  Sagauli,  sa-gow'lee,  a  town  of  Bengal, 
I  Chumparun,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Moteeharee,  with  canton- 
ents.     Pop.  5643. 

Scgozero,  a  lake  of  Russia.    See  Sggo. 

Segre,  s4'gri,  a  river  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  rises  in 
10  Pyrenees,  flows  S.W.,  and,  after  a  course  of  150  miles, 
)ins  the  Ebro  at  Mequinenza. 

Segr6,  8§h-gri',  a  town  of  France,  in  Maine-et-Loire, 
1  the  Oudon,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Angers.     Pop.  2212. 

Segrie,  s^h-gree',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
»rtho,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Mamers.     Pop.  1725. 

Segnin,  se'gwin',  a  small  island  off  the  month  of  Ken- 
sbec  River,  Me.  On  it  is  a  light-house  200  feet  above  the 
vel  of  the  sea,     Lat.  43°  41'  N. ;  Ion.  69°  44'  W. 

Seguin,  s^-gbeen',  a  post-town,  capital  of  Quadalupe 
I.,  Te.t.,  on  the  Guadalupe  River,  about  60  miles  S.  by 
^  of  Austin,  and  37  miles  E.N.E.  of  San  Antonio.  It  is 
mile  from  Seguin  Station  of  the  Galveston,  Ilarrisburg  & 
\n  Antonio  Railroad.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  fine 
lurt-house,  a  money-order  post-office,  2  high  schools,  8 
lurches,  and  several  mills.     Pop.  in  1880,  1363. 

Segundo,  si-goon'do,  a  river  of  the  Argentine  Repub- 
B,  rises  in  the  sierras  of  Cordova,  27  miles  W.S.W.  of  the 
ty  of  that  name,  flows  E.,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  130 

lies,  is  lost  in  a  marshy  lake,  90  miles  W.  of  Santa  F6. 

Segura,  si-goo'ri,  a  river  of  Spain,  in  Mureia  and  Va- 
ncia,  after  an  E.  course  of  180  miles,  enters  the  Mediter- 
mean  at  Guardamar.  The  principal  affluents  are  the 
aadalentid  and  Quipar  from  the  S.  and  the  Mundo  from 
ta  N.     It  feeds  numerous  canals. 


Scgurn,  a  sierra  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  stretching 
from  S.W.  to  N.E.  through  the  provinces  of  Albaccte, 
Granada,  and  Jaen  for  about  150  miles,  joining  the  sierra 
of  Alcaraz. 

Segiira  de  Leon,  si-goo'ri  di  14-5n',  a  town  of 
Spain,  44  miles  S.S.E.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  3098. 

Scgnsianorum  Forum,  France.    See  Feurs. 

Scgusiiim,  the  ancient  name  of  Susa. 

Seliiupoor,  sd-hlj-poor',  or  Sohagepoor,  so-hfij- 
poor',  a  town  of  India,  30  miles  E.  of  lloshungabad.  P.  7557. 

Seharuiipoor,  or  Saharanpui,  s^-har'iin-poor',  a 
town  of  India,  capital  of  Seharunpoor  district,  88  miles  by 
rail  N.  by  E.  of  Delhi,     Pop.  (1881)  69,194. 

Seharunpoor,  a  district  of  India,  North-West  Prov- 
inces. Area,  2217  square  miles.  Capital,  Seharunpoor, 
Pop.  884,017, 

Sehdine,  sih^deen'(?),  a  town  of  Burmah,  20  miles  S 
by  W.  of  Sliembeghewn,  on  the  road  to  Aracan. 

Se'liome,  or  Seahome,  see'hom,  a  post-village  of 
Whatcom  co.,  Washington,  on  Belllngham  Bay,  1  mile 
from  Whatcom  Court-House,  and  about  85  miles  N.  of 
Seattle,     It  has  a  church  and  a  coal-mine. 

Schon,  Asia  Minor.    See  Svhoo.v. 

Sehore,  a  town  of  British  India.    See  Seehoue. 

Schivan,  se-wdn',  a  town  of  India,  in  Sinde,  on  the  W. 
bank  of  the  Indus,  75  miles  N.N.W.  of  Hyderabad.  Pop, 
4294.     See  also  Aligu.vge. 

Sciad  (si'ld)  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Siskiyou  co.,  CaU 

Seiberlingsviile,  si'b?r-lingz-vll,  or  Seiberling« 
ville,  si'b^r-ling-vll,  a  post-oBice  of  Lehigh  co..  Pa., 
about  15  miles  W.  of  Allentown. 

Seibous,  Seibus,  or  Seybouse,  si'boos'  (anc.  liu- 
hricatiw),  a  river  of  Algeria,  flows  into  the  Gulf  of  Bona, 
near  the  town  of  Bona.     Length,  100  miles. 

Seidabad,  sA-di-bid',  several  villages  of  Persia,  prov 
inccs  of  Azerbaijan,  Kerman,  and  Koordistan. 

Seidau,  si'dCw,  a  village  of  Sa.xony,  1  mile  W.  of  Baut- 
zen.    Pop.  2727. 

Seid  el  Ghazy,  sid  h\  gl'zee,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor, 
20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Eskee  Shehr,  with  remains  of  antiquity. 

Seidel's  (si'd^lz)  Store,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
Tex.,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Brenham.  It  is  a  business  centre  or 
trading-place. 

Seidenberg,  si'd§n-b5no\  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
48  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Liegnitz,  on  the  Katzbach.    Pop.  1519. 

Seidersvillc,  si'd?rz-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northamp- 
ton CO.,  Pa.,  about  4  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Allentown,  It  has  a 
cigar-factory, 

Scidi  Shehr,  si'dee  shih'r,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor, 
45  miles  S.W.  of  Konieh.  It  comprises  from  400  to  600 
houses.     Sec  also  BEG-SnEiiER  Lake, 

Scidlitz,  a  village  of  Bohemia,     See  SEDUTJi. 

Scifeiibcrg,  si'f^n-biRO*,  a  summit  of  the  Hiesen-Ge- 
birge,  in  Prussian  Silesia,  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ilirschberg. 
Elevation,  4476  feet. 

Seiffen,  siff^n,  a  town  of  Sa.xony,  20  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Freiburg.     Pop.  )453. 

Seifhcunersdorf,  sif-hin'n^rs-doRf,  a  villoge  of 
Saxony,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Zittau.  Pop.  6366,  engaged  in 
dyeing  and  the  manufacture  of  linen. 

Seigfried's  (sig'fridz)  Bridge,  a  post-village  of 
Northampton  co..  Pa.,  in  Allen  township,  on  the  Lehigh 
River,  and  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  about  7 
miles  above  Allentown.  It  has  manufactures  of  cement, 
flour,  and  feed.     Pop.  about  300, 

Seigworth's  Corners.    See  Lickisgville. 

Seihun,  a  river  of  Asiatic  Turkey.    See  SvnooN. 

Sciks,  a  warlike  nation  of  India.     See  Sikhs. 

Seil,  seel,  an  island  of  the  Inner  Hebrides,  in  Scotland, 
CO.  of  Argyle,  immediately  off  the  mainland.  Length,  4i 
miles.  It  is  800  feet  in  height,  but  has  some  low  valleys 
and  fertile  soil.     Pop.  731. 

Seiland,  si'lAnd,  an  island  off  the  N.W.  coast  of  Nor- 
way, in  Finmark,  immediately  S.W.  of  Hammerfest.  Lat. 
70°  30'  N. ;  Ion,  22°  30'  E,  Length  and  breadth,  about  20 
miles  each.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  and  one  of  ita 
peaks  is  4000  feet  high, 

Seille,  sii,  a  river  of  France,  in  Jura  and  Sa8ne-et- 
Loire,  joins  the  Sa6ne  15  miles  N.  of  Micon,  after  a  S.W. 
course  of  60  miles,  for  24  of  which  it  is  navigable. 

Seille,  Graxde,  grftNd  sil,  a  river  forming  part  of  th« 
boundary  between  France  and  the  German  district  of  Lor- 
raine, joins  the  Moselle  at  Mctz,  after  a  N.W.  course  of  60 
miles.     Its  affluent  ths  Petite  Seille  joins  it  at  Salzburg, 

Seilles,  sil,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  23  milei 
S,W.  of  Liege,  on  the  Meuse,     Pop,  1745, 

Seiloon,  Seiloun,  or  Seilun,  si'loon',  a  village  of 


SEI 


2430 


SEL 


I'aloatiQO,  10miIosS.S.E.ofNabIoos.  It  bos  various  remains 
of  antiquity,  and  is  probably  tho  Shiloh  of  Soripture. 

Scinif  sAitt,  or  Senii  sAin,  a  rivor  of  Russia,  formed  in 
tho  government  of  Koorsk,  30  miles  S.  of  Tim,  flows  mostly 
W.,  and  joins  tho  Besna  in  the  government  of  Chernigov, 
6  miles  S.E.  of  Sosnitsa,  after  a  course  of  ^{00  miles. 

Sciniarrnhf  8d-mar'r&,  a  ruined  city  of  Persian  Koor- 
distan,  in  a  fine  plain,  70  miles  S.W.  of  Khorramiibad. 

SeiUf  sAn  (ano.  Sena),  an  islet  in  the  Atlantic,  off  the 
IX. Vf.  coast  of  France,  department  of  FinistDro,  28  miles  S.W. 
of  Brest.     Length,  2  miles. 

Seine*  sdn  or  sin  (anc.  Seq'uaua),  a  river  of  Franco, 
rises  in  Mount  Tasselot,  near  the  village  of  Chancoaux,  de- 
partment of  C&te-d'Or,  flows  N.N.W.  past  Ch.Millon,  Bar- 
eur-Seino,  and  Mory,  where  it  becomes  navigable,  thence 
■\V.  and  N.W.  by  Paris  (where  it  is  from  300  to  500  feet 
l>road),  and  enters  the  English  Channel  at  Havre  by  an 
estuary  7  miles  wide.  Length,  497  miles,  for  350  of  which 
it  is  navigable.  Its  banks  are  highly  picturesque  in  tho 
lower  part  of  its  course.  The  chief  affluents  on  the  left  are 
the  Yonno,  Loing,  Essonne,  Euro,  and  lUllo;  and,  on  the 
right,  the  Aubo,  Marno,  and  Oiso.  It  communicates  with 
the  Loire  by  tho  canals  of  Loing,  Orleans,  and  Briaro.  The 
Yonne  unites  it  with  the  Sadne  and  lihino  by  the  canals 
of  Burgundy  and  those  of  tho  Rhone  and  Rhine.  The 
Oise  connects  it  with  the  Somme,  Scheldt,  and  Sambre  by 
tho  canals  of  Crozat,  Saint-Qucntin,  and  tho  Sambre,  and  it 
communicates  with  tho  Mouse  by  the  Aisno  and  the  canal 
of  Ardennes ;  by  tho  canal  from  the  Marne  to  tho  Rhine  it 
communicates  with  the  Meuse,  Moselle,  and  Rhine. 

Seine,  the  smallest  but  most  wealthy  and  important  de- 
partment of  France,  is  in  the  N.,  formed  of  part  of  the  old 
province  of  Ile-de-France.  Area,  185  square  miles.  Pop. 
2,410,849.  The  surface  of  this  department,  forming  tho 
environs  of  Paris,  is  covered  with  towns,  villages,  villas, 
and  manufactories.  It  contains  Mont-Val6rien,  Mont- 
martre,  and  some  other  hills,  is  watered  by  the  Seine  and 
I^Iarne  and  traversed  by  the  canals  of  Saint-Denis  and  Saint- 
Martin  and  by  several  railways.  The  department  contains 
valuable  quarries  of  building-stones  and  gypsum.  It  fur- 
nishes Paris  with  immense  quantities  of  fruits  and  agricul- 
tural produce.  Its  industry  is  concentrated  in  Paris,  the 
capital.  It  is  divided  into  the  arrondissemcnts  of  Saint- 
Denis  and  Sceaux.     Capital,  Paris. 

Seine-et-AIarne,  sAn-d-mann,  a  department  in  the 
N.E.  of  France,  forming  part  of  tho  old  province  of  Ile-de- 
France.  Area,  2215  square  miles.  Pop.  347,323.  The  sur- 
face is  slightly  undulating ;  it  is  traversed  by  tho  rivers 
Seine  and  Marne,  Morin  and  Yercs,  and  by  the  canals  of 
■  Ourcq  and  Loing.  One-sixth  of  tho  department  is  covered 
with  forests,  among  which  is  that  of  Fontainebleau.  Corn 
is  raised  i«uch  beyond  the  consumption,  and  it  has  excellent 
pastures,  in  which  numerous  cattle  are  reared.  It  furnishes 
Paris  with  a  great  quantity  of  cheese,  under  tho  name  of 
the  cheese  of  Brie.  The  wine  is  of  inferior  quality,  except 
tho  Chasselos  of  the  environs  of  Fontainebleau,  which  is 
the  best  in  Franco.  The  roses  of  Provins  are  employed  in 
medicine  and  perfumery.  The  department  is  divided  into 
thearrondissementsof  Coulommiers,  Fontainebleau,  Meaux, 
Melun,  and  Provins.     Capital,  Melun. 

Seine*6t-Oisef  sin-d-wilz,  a  department  in  the  N. 
of  France,  entirely  surrounding  the  department  of  Seine. 
Area,  2164  square  miles.  Pop.  561,990.  The  surface  is 
undulating.  It  is  watered  by  tho  Seine,  Essonne,  Oise, 
Bicvre,  and  Epte.  The  soil  is  infertile;  near  Paris,  how- 
ever, it  is  liberally  manured.  Oats  are  extensively  im- 
ported ;  but  other  grains  aro  raised  in  suflicicut  quantity 
for  homo  demand.  The  rearing  of  cattle  and  sheep,  and 
the  cultivation  of  fruits  and  vegetables  for  the  Paris  mar- 
kets, are  important.  The  famous  Sfivres  porcelain,  printed 
fabrics,  cotton  yarn  and  cloths,  hardwares,  leather,  and 
chemical  products  are  among  tho  chief  goods  manufactured. 
Plaster  of  Paris  and  sand  arc  among  the  mineral  prod- 
ucts. The  department  is  subdivided  into  the  six  arrondisse- 
ments  of  Versailles,  Corbeil,  Etampcs,  Mantes,  Pontoise, 
and  Rambouillet.     Capital,  Versailles. 

Seine -Inferieure,  sAn-iso'fi'rc-un',  a  department 
in  the  N.W.  part  of  France,  forming  part  of  Normandy, 
bounded  N.  by  the  English  Channel.  Area,  2330  square 
miles.  Pop.  798,414.  Tho  coast  has  numerous  small  har- 
bors ;  the  chief  ports  are  Havre  and  Dieppe,  on  the  English 
Channel,  and  Rouen,  on  the  Seine.  The  Seine  is  the  only 
river  of  importance.  Tho  surface  is  composed  of  fertile 
and  well-cultivated  plains;  an  eighth  part  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests.  Corn,  hops,  hemp,  lint,  and  fruits  are  the 
chief  products;  older  is  extensively  made.  The  pastures 
papport  many  horses,  cattle,  and  sheep.    Rouen  is  noted 


for  its  cotton,  and  Elbeuf  for  its  woollen  fabrics.    Tbe  do. 

i>artnient  is  divided  into  the  arrondissemcnts  of  Dieppe 
lavro,  Neufchitol,  Rouen,  and  Yvctot.     Capiliil,  Kuucn.  ' 

Sciuni,  s4n'noo\  a  frontier  town  of  Burmah,  near  the 
river  Salwin,  165  miles  N.E.  of  Ava. 

Sciny,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Seysy. 

Scip'8,  seeps,  a  oost-hauilet  of  Northampton  co.,  Pn., 
in  Palmer  township,  8  miles  W.  of  Easton.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  flour-mill. 

Seiputsch,  sl'pCCtsh,  or  Zywiec,  ziv'e-it8(?),a  town 
of  Austrian  Galicia,  21  miles  S.W.  of  Wadowice,  on  tlio 
Soola.     Pop.  3311. 

Seir-Beni-Yass,  sir-bi'nco^-ylss,  an  island  in  the 
Persian  Gulf,  ofif  the  Arabian  coast.  Lat.  24°  21'  N. ;  Ion 
52°  40'  E. 

Scisholtzvillc,  secs'holtz-vll,  a  post-village  of  Berks 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Allentown. 

Seistan,  sds^t&n',  a  former  province  of  Southwest  Af- 
ghanistan, now  chiefly  belonging  to  the  Persian  province 
of  Yezd,  between  lat.  30°  30'  and  32°  N.  and  Ion.  61°  and 
62°  30'  E.,  intersected  by  the  Ilelmund  River,  and  contain- 
ing tho  Ilamoon  morass.  Pop.  probably  50,000,  mostly 
Tadjiks.  It  is  a  mountain-basin,  surrounded  by  desertu, 
unhealthy,  and  fertile  only  on  the  immediate  banks  of  the 
rivers ;  but  it  presents  muny  traces  of  former  wealth  and 
civilization.  It  was  devastated  and  its  chief  town  destroyed 
by  Tamerlane  in  1383. 

Seitendorf,  si't^n-douf,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Si- 
lesia, government  of  Breslnu,  near  Waldcnburg.    Pop.  2115. 

Seitcndorf,  or  Scitgendorf,  sit'gh?n-dour,  a  town 
of  Saxony,  27  miles  S.E.  of  Bautzen.     Pop.  2003. 

Seitenst<idtcn,  si't^n-stitH^n,  a  town  of  Austria,  11 
miles  E.  of  Steyer.  Pop.  1939.  It  has  a  rich  Benedictine 
monastery,  containing  a  library,  a  cabinet  of  natural  his- 
tory, and  numerous  Roman  antiquities. 

Seitzland,  sits'land,  a  station  of  York  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Northern  Central  Railroad,  16  miles  S.  of  York. 

Seix,  six  (?),  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Ari6ge,  on  the  Salat, 
9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Saint-G irons.     Pop,  1273. 

Sel,  one  of  the  Cape  Verd  Islands.    See  Sal. 

Sela,  or  Selah,  a  Scriptural  name  of  Petka. 

Se'lah)  a  post-office  of  Yakima  co.,  Washington. 

Selang,sd'Iilng',  a  small  island  of  the  Molucca  group,  off 
the  S.E.  coast  of  Bachian.     Lat.  0°  54'  S. ;  Ion.  127°  47'  E. 

Selangan,  siMin'g&n',  a  town  contiguous  to  the  town 
of  Mindanao,  in  the  Philippines.     Pop.  10,000  (?). 

Selaniki,  Turkey.     See  Salonica. 

Selargius,  si-lan'je-oos,  a  village  of  Sardinia,  division 
and  4i  miles  N.E.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  2900. 

Selb,  sdlb,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Eger. 
Pop.  4236.     It  has  cotton-mills,  paper-mills,  potteries,  <to. 

SelbitZf  sSl'bits,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  7  miles  W.of  llof. 
Pop.  1620. 

Selboe,  s61'bo'?h,  nn  islet  ofl"  the  W.  coast  of  Norway, 
28  miles  S.  of  Bergen,  in  Selboe-Fiord. 

Selbde,  a  parish  of  Norway,  stift  and  25  miles  S.  of 
Trondhjem,  around  the  Lake  of  Selbiie,  which  is  20  miles 
in  length  by  3  miles  in  breadth.  It  receives  the  Nca,  and 
communicates  with  Trondhjera-Fiord. 

Sei'borne,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Hants,  4  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Alton.     Pop.  of  parish,  1313. 

Sel'by»  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  We?t  Riding, 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Ouse,  connected  by  canal  with  the 
Aire  and  Calder,  12i  miles  S.  of  York,  with  which  city,  and 
with  Hull  and  Leeds,  it  communicates  by  railways.  Pop. 
6193.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  a  fine  market-croM,  a  neat 
town  hall,  a  church  which  formed  part  of  an  abbey,  gram- 
mar- and  blue-coat  schools,  manufactures  of  sail-cloth, 
leather,  and  iron  goods,  and  slips  for  building  river-cral't. 
The  Ouse  is  here  crossed  by  a  movable  bridge,  and  vessels 
of  considerable  burden  come  to  the  town  from  Hull. 

Sel'by,  a  township  of  Bureau  co.,  111.     Pop.  1497. 

Selby,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  A  Chi- 
cago Railroad,  5i  miles  W.  of  AVarsaw,  Ind. 

Selby,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co.,  Tenn. 

Selby,  a  post-village  in  Lennox  co.,  Ontario,  4  miles 
from  Napanee.     It  contains  several  stores.     Pop.  200. 

Sel'bysport,  a  post-hamlet  of  Garrett  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Youghiogheny  River,  about  36  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Cumber- 
land.    It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Sel'byville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  on  the 
Break w.aterA  Frankford  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Berlin,  Md. 

Sel'den,  a  post-hamlet  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  about  20 
miles  W.  of  Riverhead.     It  has  a  church. 

Selden,  Fayette  co.,  0.    See  Jasper  Mills. 

Sele,  s4'li,  or  Silaro,  se-li'ro  (anc.  Sila'rus),  a  river 
of  Italy,  rises  12  miles  N.E.  of  Policastro,  flows  first  N.W. 


SEL 


2431 


SEL 


through  the  Val  di  Diano,  and  then  S.W.,  and  enters  the 
Gulf  of  Salerno  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Salerno.  Length,  60  miles. 

Selefkeh,  8d-l<5f'k§h  (anc.  iyeleuce'ia  Tracki'a),  a  town 
of  Asia  Minor,  on  the  Ghiuk-Soo  (anc.  Calycad'nits),  8  miles 
from  its  mouth  in  the  Mediterranean,  and  65  miles  S.W.  of 
Tarsus.  It  is  but  a  poor  collection  of  huts,  bat  in  its  vicinity 
are  scattered  numerous  remains  of  antiquity. 

Selendi,  sA-lfin'dee,  or  Selenti,  s4-lfin'tee,  a  small 
town  of  Asia  Minor,  on  an  afHuent  of  the  Sarabat  (anc. 
Her'mua),  30  miles  N.E.  of  Ala-Shehr. 

Selenga,  s4-l§ng'gi,  a  river  of  Central  Asia,  rises  in 
the  Tangnoo  Mountains,  in  Mongolia,  flows  mostly  N.E., 
and,  after  a  course  of  oOO  miles,  enters  Lake  Baikal,  on  its 
E.  side,  30  miles  W.  of  Ilimsk, 

Sclenghinsk,  si'lSng-ghinsk',  a  town  of  Siberia,  gov- 
ernment of  Transbaikalia,  on  the  Selenga,  60  miles  N.  of 
Kiakhta.  Pop.  1054.  It  is  a  depot  for  goods  passing  to 
China.     Near  it  are  some  saline  baths. 

Selennak,  sd,-l5n-nik',  a  river  of  Siberia,  rises  in  the 
government  of  Yakootsk,  lat.  62°  N.,  flows  E.N.E.,  and 
joins  the  Indighirka.     Length,  130  miles. 

Selenter-See)  s^'l^n-t^r-sd,  a  lake  in  the  N.E.  part 
ofHolstein.  Area,  12  square  miles.  Depth  at  some  places, 
40  fathoms. 

Selenti,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Silinty. 
-  Scleuceia  Trachia,  Asia  Minor.     Sec  Selefkeh. 

Seleucia^  sA-loo'she-a,  a  city  of  antiquity,  in  Asiatic 
Turkey,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Tigris,  20  miles  S.E.  of 
Bagdad,  and  opposite  the  remains  of  Ctcsiphon. 

Seleucia,  a  city  of  antiquity,  in  Persia,  Khoozistan,  on 
an  affluent  of  the  Jerahi,  65  miles  S.E.  of  Shooster. 

Seleucia,  the  ancient  name  of  Suediaii. 

Seligenstadt,  si'liG-?n-st4tt\  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Hesse,  province  of  Starkenburg,  on  the  Main,  15  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Frankfort.  Pop.  3189.  It  has  the  remains  of 
a  Benedictine  abbey,  containing  the  tombs  of  Eginhard, 
and  of  Emma,  daughter  of  Charlemagne.  There  are  cop- 
per- and  coal-mines  in  the  vicinity. 

Seligenthal,  si'lic-Qn-tir,  a  village  of  Prussia,  4 
miles  N.W.  of  Schmalkalden.'  Pop.  1121. 

Seligher^  si-lo-gaiii',  a  lake  of  Russia,  governments 
of  Tver  and  Novgorod,  N.  of  Ostashkov.  Length,  30  miles. 
It  is  the  source  of  an  affluent  of  the  Volga. 

Se'Iigman,  a  hamlet  of  Webster  co..  Mo.,  10  miles  E.  of 
Marshfield.  It  has  1  or  2  furnaces  for  smelting  lead,  which 
is  mined  near  this  place. 

Selimc,  or  Selimeh,  si,-lce'mQh,  an  oasis  in  the  desert 
of  Nubia,  220  miles  S.W.  of  Derr,  and  AV.  of  the  third 
cataract  of  the  Nile.     It  produces  an  abundance  of  salt. 

Selimno,  s4-lim'no,  or  Sclimnia,  si-lim'nc-3.,  written 
alsolslamje  and  Islam<yi,is-lilm'je,  a  town  of  Eastern 
Roumelia,  at  the  S.  foot  of  the  Balkan  Mountains,  65  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Adrianople.  Pop.  20,000,  who  manufacture 
icoarse  woollens,  gun-locks,  and  attar  of  roses. 

Se-Ling,  si-ling',  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Quang- 
|See,  on  the  Tonquin  frontier,  45  miles  S.W.  of  Tai-Ping. 

Selino,  sA-lee'no,  a  village  of  Crete,  on  its  S.  coast,  35 
kuiles  AV.  of  Sphakia.  It  has  a  fort  and  some  trade. 
I  Se'lili's  Grove,  a  post-borough  of  Snyder  co.,  Pa.,  on 
Wie  W.  bank  of  the  Susquehanna  Eiver,  6i  miles  below 
ISunbury,  and  48  miles  N.  of  Ilarrisburg.  It  is  on  the 
Lewistown  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  which 
ere  crosses  the  river  and  connects  with  the  Northern  Cen- 
ral  Railroad.  It  has  a  Lutheran  seminary,  called  Mission- 
lary  Institute,  3  churches,  a  national  bank,  2  newspaper 
offices,  and  the  Snyder  County  Normal  School.     Pop.  1453. 

Selin's  Grove  Junction,  a  station  in  Northumber- 
[land  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Northern  Central  Railway,  at  the  junc- 
[tion  of  the  Sunbury  &  Lewistown  Railroad,  5  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Sunbury,  and  IJ  miles  E.  of  Selin's  Grove. 

Selinti,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Silinty. 

Selish  Indians.    See  Flathead  Indians. 

Selish  Lake.    See  Flathead  Lake. 

Selitrenoi-Gorodok,  sA-le-trd-noi' - go-ro-dok',  a 
town  of  Russia,  government  and  68  miles  N.N.W.  of  Astra- 
ikhan,  on  the  Volga,  the  old  capital  of  the  Tartar  khans  of 
|the  Golden  Horde,  remains  of  which  ancient  town  still  exist. 
I  Selitza,  si-lit'si,  a  village  of  European  Turkey,  in 
(Macedonia,  48  miles  S.E.  of  Monastir. 

Selitza,  a  village  of  Greece,  in  the  Morea,  district  and 
5  miles  S.E.  of  Maina. 

Selivri,  a  town  of  Turkey.  See  Silivri. 
i  Sel'kirk,  or  Selkirkshire,  sSl'kjrk-shir,  formerly 
called  the  Ettrick  Forest,  a  small  inland  county  of 
jlScotland,  in  the  Lowlands,  having  AV.  the  co.  of  Peebles, 
[E.  Roxburgh,  S.  Dumfries,  and  N.  Edinburghshire.  Area, 
|260  sauarb  miles.    Pop.  14,005.    Surface  mostly  mountain- 


^, 


ous.  Principal  rivers,  the  Tweed,  with  its  tributaries  the 
Ettrick  and  Yarrow.  Its  industry  is  chiefly  pastoral,  but 
its  agriculture  has  been  considerably  improved.  Principal 
towns,  Selkirk  and  Galashiels. 

Selkirk,  a  town  of  Scotland,  capital  of  the  above 
county,  on  a  declivity  beside  the  Ettrick,  33  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Edinburgh.  Pop.  4040.  It  has  been  mostly  rebuilt  in 
a  modern  style,  and  has  a  spacious  market-place,  in  which 
are  the  town  hall,  a  public  well,  and  a  monument  to  Sir 
Walter  Scott.  The  other  principal  structures  are  the 
churches,  the  jail,  and  a  monument  to  the  traveller  Mungo 
Park.  It  has  manufactures  of  tweeds,  blankets,  and  hosiery. 
On  the  Tweed,  about  4  miles  from  Selkirk,  is  Abbotsford, 
the  seat  of  the  late  Sir  AValter  Scott. 

Sel'kirk,  a  hamlet  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Lake  On- 
tario, at  the  mouth  of  Salmon  River,  4  miles  AV.  of  Pulaski. 
It  has  about  12  houses. 

Selkirk,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  S.C,  20  miles 
from  Marion  Court-House.     It  has  a  high  school. 

Selkirk,  a  post-village  in  Ilaldimand  co.,  Ontario,  11 
miles  S.S.AV.  of  Cayuga.  It  contains  several  stores,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  carding-mill.     Pop.  300. 

Selkirk,  the  chief  settlement  or  colony  of  Manitoba. 
Sec  Manitoba. 

Selkirkshire,  Scotland.    See  Selkirk. 

Sella,  si-l'yi,  a  river  of  Spain,  after  a  course  of  about 
36  miles,  falls  into  the  Bay  of  Biscay,  forming  the  bay  and 
port  of  Itibadesella. 

Sella,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  A''alencia,  province  and  ls» 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Alicante.     Pop.  1694. 

Sel'lars,  a  station  in  Escambia  co.,  Fla.,  on  the  Pen- 
sacola  Railroad,  15  miles  N.  of  Pensucola. 

Sell6,  or  Cell6,  sfilMd,',  a  river  of  France,  department* 
of  Cantal  and  Lot,  joins  the  Lot  10  miles  E.  of  Cahors. 
Length,  54  miles. 

Sell6,  or  Cell6,  a  river  of  France,  departments  of 
Aisne  and  Nord,  joins  the  Scheldt  (Exaut)  near  Bouchain. 

Sell'ers,  a  township  of  Hardin  co..  111.     Pop.  500. 

Sell'ersburg,  a  post-hamlet  in  Silver  Creek  township, 
Clarke  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Jeffersonville,  Madison  &  India- 
napolis Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Louisville,  Ky.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  manufactory  of  cement. 

Sellers'  Land'ing,  a  hamlet  of  Hardin  co.,  111.,  on 
the  Ohio  River,  10  miles  below  Shawneetown. 

Sell'ersville,  a  post-village  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  in  Rock 
Hill  township,  on  the  North  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  31 
miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  2  churches,  a  carriage- 
shop,  a  flour-mill,  2  hotels,  a  drug-store,  several  cigar-fac- 
tories, and  (1880)  490  inhabitants. 

Selles-sur-Cher,  sSl-siiR-shaiR,  a  town  of  France,  in 
Loir-et-Cher,  10  miles  S.AAT.  of  Romorantin.     Pop,  31S7, 

SelI'man,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Metropolitan  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  at 
Barnesville  Station,  1  mile  from  Barnesville. 

Sell's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Frederick  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  4  miles 
S.AA'^,  of  Hanover. 

Sell  ye,  sfiU'yA,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  14  miles 
S.AV.  of  Neutra,  near  the  AVaag.     Pop.  1630. 

SeI'ma,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  is  situ- 
ated on  the  right  or  N.  bank  of  the  Alabama  River,  50 
miles  AV.  of  Montgomery,  50  miles  E.  of  Demopolis,  and 
about  160  miles  by  the  road  N.N.E.  of  Mobile.  It  is  the 
S.  terminus  of  the  Selma,  Rome  <fc  Dalton  Railroad,  and 
the  E.  terminus  of  the  Alabama  Central  Railroad,  which 
connects  here  with  the  AVestern  Railroad  and  the  Selma, 
Marion  <fc  Memphis  Railroad.  It  is  also  on  the  Selma  <t 
Gulf  Railroad  and  the  New  Orleans  &  Selma  Railroad.  It 
is  the  third  city  of  the  state  in  population.  It  contains  r* 
court-house,  16  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank, 
2  academies,  gas-works,  a  cotton-factory,  iron-works,  a 
steam  planing-mill,  manufactures  of  car-wheels,  oil,  ice, 
Ac,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  1  daily  and  2  weekly 
newspapers.  Cotton  is  the  chief  article  of  export,  of  which 
about  80,000  bales  are  received  here  annually.     Pop.  7529. 

Selma,  a  post-hamlet  of  Drew  co..  Ark.,  12  miles  N. 
of  Collins  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Selma,  McLean  co..  111.    See  Pleasant  Hill. 

Selma,  a  post-village  in  Liberty  township,  Delaw.are 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Muncio  with  AVin- 
ohester,  6  miles  E.  of  Muncie.     It  has  2  churches. 

Selma,  a  township  of  AVexford  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  138. 

Selma,  a  township  of  Cottonwood  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  137. 

Selma,  a  post-village  in  Selma  township,  Johnston 
CO.,  N.C.,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Raleigh  with 
Goldsborough,  28  miles  S.E.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  4  churche* 
and  a  plough-factory.    Pop.  of  the  township,  1167. 


S£L 


2432 


8£N 


Selma»  a  post-rilUge  in  Madison  township,  Clarlc  eo., 
0.,  on  the  Little  Miami  Railroad,  41  miles  WTs.W.  of  Co- 
lumbus.    It  has  3  or  4  churches. 

Sclmatii  post-hiimlet  of  Bexnr  oo.,  Tex.,  about  15  miles 
N.E.  of  Siin  Antonio. 

Selniat  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  oo.,  Va.,  2  miles 
from  Clifton  Forge  Railroad  Station. 

Sel'mah,  a  post-village  in  Hants  oo.,  No>*a  Sootia,  on 
Coboquid  Bay,  2  niilos  from  Maitland.     Pop.  225. 

Selmastf  sdl'ui&st,  a  town  of  Persia,  in  Azerbaijan,  15 
miles  N.W.  of  Luke  Ooroomeoyah.  It  contains  about  1500 
families. 

Solmecz  Banya,  Ilungary.    See  Scrbmnttz. 

Sclowitz,  orScelowitz,  s&'lo-^^its',  a  town  of  Mo- 
ravia, 11  miles  S.  of  liriinn,  on  the  Zwittawa.     Pop.  2365. 

Selsate,  s£l-s&'t4,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flan- 
ders, 12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  3487. 

Selsea^  or  Sclsey^  sel'^ee,  a  village  of  England,  oo. 
of  Sussex,  occupying  the  S.W.  extremity  of  the  county, 
half  a  mile  from  the  sea,  and  8  miles  S.  of  Chichester. 
Here,  in  the  seventh  century,  was  established  the  first  Ro- 
man Catholic  monastery  in  England.  Pop.  of  parish,  937. 
The  peninsula  of  Selsea  is  a  largo  level  tract  between 
Chichester  Harbor  and  the  English  Channel,  its  S.  point 
being  called  Selsea-Bill. 

SolterSf  a  village  of  Germany.    See  Niedkr  Skt.ters. 

Seltschan,  sSlt'sh&n',  or  Sedlczany,  sidl-ch&'nee,  a 
town  of  Bohemia,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Beraun.     Pop.  2457. 

Seltz,  or  Selz,  silts,  a  town  of  Alsace, on  the  Rhine, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Seltzbooh,  27  miles  N.N.E.  of  Stras- 
burg.     Pop.  1845. 

SelunC)  s^h-liin',  a  river  of  France,  department  of 
Manche,  enters  Cancale  Bay  (English  Channel)  4  miles 
S.W.  of  Avranches,  after  a  W.  course  of  35  miles. 

Selva,  sSl'vi,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  9  miles 
N.AV.  of  Tarragona.     Pop.  3854. 

Selva,  a  town  on  the  island  of  Majorca,  on  a  height,  18 
miles  N.E.  of  Palma.     Pop.  1510. 

Selva,  a  town  of  Chili.    See  Copiap6. 

Selva  de  Mar,  sil'vi  dd  man,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince of  Gerona,  with  a  small  harbor  on  the  Mediterranean, 
5  miles  N.E.  of  Rosas. 

Selve,  s£l'v&,  an  island  of  Dalmatia,  in  the  Adriatic, 
between  Ulbo  and  Premuda.     Length,  4  miles. 

Sclviy  sSl'vee,  a  town  of  Bulgaria,  on  an  affluent  of  the 
Danube,  50  miles  S.  of  Nicopolis.     Pop.  2500. 

Sei'wyn,  a  post-village  in  Peterborough  co.,  Ontario,  5 
miles  from  Lalcofield.     It  contains  2  stores.     Pop.  100. 

Selz,  silts,  a  river  of  Germany,  in  Hesse,  flows  N.,  and 
joins  the  Rhine  7  miles  W.  of  Mentz.     Length,  30  miles. 

Sclz,  a  town  of  Alsace.    See  Seltz. 

Sent)  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Seiu. 

Semao,  E&.-m&'o,  or  Simao,  se-m&'o,  a  small  island 
of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  off  the  S.W,  extremity  of  Timor, 
from  which  it  is  separated  by  a  narrow  strait.  Length,  20 
miles.    It  exports  wax,  sandal-wood,  and  edible  birds'-nests. 

Semavat-Evi,  the  Turkish  name  of  Olympus. 

Semboy,  Spain,    See  Sam-Baudillo-de-Llobregat. 

Scmd,  simt,  a  village  of  Hesse,  province  of  Starken- 
burg,  near  Umstadt.     Pop.  1146. 

Senicndrek,  the  Turkish  name  of  Samothraki. 

Scmcndria,  se-min'dre-S,,  or  SmerdereAVO,  smSn- 
di-rd'vo,  a  town  of  Servia,  and  formerly  the  residence  of 
its  kings,  on  the  Danube,  at  the  influx  of  the  Jessava,  24 
miles  S.E,  of  Belgrade,  Pop,  5107.  It  has  a  citadel  and 
some  Roman  antiquities, 

Semenood,  sA-mi-nood',  or  Samannd^sil-mi-nood' 
(anc,  Seben'ui/tus),  a  town  of  Lower  Egypt,  on  the  Dami- 
ctta  branch  of  the  Nile,  4  miles  E,  of  Mehallet-el-Kebeer, 
It  has  some  remains  of  antiquity,  and  manufactures  of 
earthenwares. 

Semenov,  or  Semenow,  si-mi-nov',  a  town  of  Rus- 
sia, government  and  36  miles  N.N.E.  of  Nizhnee-Novgorod. 
Pop.  2961,  employed  in  manufacturing  wooden-wares. 

Seinerone«  United  States.    See  Cimarron. 

Semiahmoo,  sem-^-ah'moo,  a  post-hamlet  of  What- 
com CO.,  Wsishington,  on  the  Gulf  of  Georgia,  in  lat.  49° 
N.,  about  60  miles  N.  of  Port  Townsend.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  valuable  Siilmon-fishery. 

Semile,  sd-mee'ld,  Seniilov,  or  Semilow,  si-me- 
lov',  written  also  Scmill,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  the  Isar, 
23  miles  N.E.  of  Buntzlau.     Pop.  2509. 

Seminara,  si-me-ni'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Reggio  di 
Calabria,  about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Messina.     Pop.  3372. 

Sem'inary,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washita  co,,  Ark.,  20 
miles  S,W,  of  Camden.     It  has  a  church  and  a  seminary. 

Seminary,  a  township  of  Fayette  oo.,  111.    Pop.  920. 


Sem'inole  Indians,  a  once  powerful  tribe  dwelling 
in  Florida.  Most  of  them  have  been  removed  to  the  In- 
dian  Territory. 

Seinipniatinsk,  B&-me-p&-l&-tin8k',  written  also  Sp« 
mipatHlntiiiMk  and  Semipolatinsk  (i.e.,  "thespvrn 
palaces"),  a  fortified  town  of  Asiatic  Russia,  enpitiil  of 
government  of  the  same  name,  on  the  Irtish,  250  i 
S,W,  of  Barnaul,     It  has  Russian  government  cstnliii 
ments,  is  the  sent  of  some  trade,  and  derives  its  name  fi»ia 
extensive  buildings  found  there  by  the  Russians  on  their 
conquest.     Pop,  10,140, 

Semipalatinsk,  or  Semipolatinsk,  a  government 
or  province  of  Asiatic  Russia,  bounded  8,E.  by  Chincno 
possessions,  and  S,  in  part  by  Balkash  Lake,  and  traversed 
by  the  Irtish,  Area,  188,291  square  miles.  It  includes  a 
part  of  the  steppes  of  the  Kirghccz  and  Calmucks.  C«pl- 
tal,  Semipalatinsk,     Pop.  610,163, 

Semiretchinsk,  si-me-ri-chinsk'  ("seven  rivers"),  a 
government  of  Asiatic  Russia,  having  Semipalatinsk  on  the 
N.  and  Chinese  Toorkistan  on  the  E,  Area,  155,290  squiiio 
miles.  It  takes  its  name  from  its  7  principal  rivers,  mostly 
tributariesof  BulkashLako.  Capital,  Vernoye.  Pop.  543,094. 

Semisopoclinoi,  sim'e-so-pOK'noi,  or  Isle  of  the 
Seven  Mountains,  belonging  to  the  Aleutian  Archipel- 
ago,  and  to  the  group  known  by  the  name  of  Rut  Islands, 
about  lat.  51°  59'  N.  and  Ion.  179°  45'  57"  W. 

Semitvli  (si-mitoh')  Islands,  a  group  of  the  Alcntian 
Islands,  in  Alaska,  N.E.  of  tlie  island  of  Attoo. 

Semliansk,  sim-le-insk',  or  Samlensk,s&m-linsk', 
a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  25  miles  N.W,  of  Voro- 
nezh, on  the  Semlianka.     Poi),  6270, 

Semlin,  or  Zemlin,  sim-leen'  (Hun.  Zimony,  zco'- 
moH'),  a  fortified  frontier  town  of  Austria-Hungary,  in  Sla- 
vonia,  co,  and  40  miles  S.E,  of  Peterwardein,  on  the  riglit 
bank  of  the  Danube,  3  miles  N,W,  of  Belgrade,  Pop. 
12,978,  comprising  Slavonians,  Germans,  Greeks,  Servian?, 
Croats,  gypsies,  and  Jews,  It  is  the  see  of  a  Greek  arch- 
bishop, and  has  many  good  houses  and  churches,  but  its 
streets  are  mostly  unpaved.  It  has  numerous  schools,  a 
hospital,  a  theatre,  and  a  large  quarantine  establishment. 
It  is  an  entrepot  of  the  trade  between  Austria  end  the 
Danubian  principalities.  Imports,  raw  cotton  and  twist, 
honey,  hare-  and  rabbit-skins,  <fec, ;  exports,  woollen  stufls, 
glass-wares,  and  other  manufactured  goods, 

Semmed,  sim^mfid',  a  town  and  fort  of  Arabia,  in 
Oman,  in  an  extensive  oasis,  55  miles  S.W,  of  Muscat, 

Semnan,  or  Semnoon,  Persia,    See  Simnak. 

Semo'ra,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caswell  co.,  N.C,  5  miles 
from  Milton,     It  has  a  church, 

Semoy,  or  Scmois,  s^h-mwl',  a  river  of  Belgium  and 
France,  after  a  W.  course  of  100  miles,  joins  the  Meuso  9 
miles  N.  of  Mdzifires. 

Sempach,  sim'pHK,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
8  miles  N.W,  of  Lucerne,  at  the  E.  extremity  of  Sempach 
Lake,  Pop,  1109.  In  its  vicinity  1400  Swiss  routed  4000 
Austrian?,  on  the  9th  of  July,  1386,  and  the  action,  ren- 
dered memorable  by  the  heroic  death  of  Arnold  von  Win- 
kelried,  is  celebrated  by  an  annual  festival.  Lake  Sem- 
pach, 4  miles  in  length  by  1  mile  in  breadth,  gives  origin 
to  the  river  Suren,  an  affluent  of  the  Aar, 

Sempro'nius,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  Cayuga 
CO,,  N,Y,,  about  20  miles  S,S.E,  of  Auburn,  The  hamlet  is 
7  miles  E,  of  Moravia,     Pop,  1123. 

Sempronius,  a  post-village  of  Austin  co.,  Tex.,  5 
miles  S.W.  of  Chapel  Hill.  It  has  a  church,  a  seminary, 
and  a  steam  mill. 

Sempst,  simpst,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  South  Bra- 
bant, on  the  Sonne,  10  miles  by  railway  N.N.E.  of  Brui- 
Bcls.     Pop.  7241. 

Scmur-en-Auxois,  si^milR'-ftNo-oxVi',  a  town  of 
France,  in  C6te-d'0r,  capital  of  nn  arrondissemcnt,  on  the 
Aruianf  on,  44  miles  W.N.AV,  of  Dijon,  Pop.  4022,  It  has 
a  ponderous  castle,  a  mediaival  church,  a  communal  college, 
manufactures  of  common  woollens  and  yarns,  tanneries,  and 
a  triide  in  cattle,  hemp,  and  wool, 

Scmur-en-Brionnais,  si'raUn'-Aso-bre^on'ni',  » 
town  of  France,  in  Sa8ne-et-Loire,  14  miles  S,W,  of  Cha- 
rolles. 

Semussyr,  Kooril  Islands,    See  SnroosEEn, 

Sena,  sA'n&,  or  Sen'na,  a  town  and  the  former  capi- 
tal of  the  Portuguese  dominions  in  East  Africa,  now  the 
capital  of  a  district,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Zambezi,  110 
miles  AV.  of  Quilimane,  Lat.  17°  30'  S,;  Ion.  35°  3S'  8" 
E,  It  is  a  mere  collection  of  huts  and  some  European 
houses,  interspersed  with  filthy  pools,  and  having  some 
churches  and  a  mud  redoubt.  The  district  is  bounded  by 
Sofala,  the  Zambezi  River,  and  the  Channel  of  MozambiQU*. 


SEN 


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SEN" 


'•  Sena,  or  Sena  Jnlia,  the  ancient  name  of  Siena. 
Sena,  a  river  of  France.     See  Seink. 
Sena,  or  Sena  Gallica.    See  Sinigaqlia, 
''Sena,  the  ancient  name  of  Seix. 
Senachwine,  Illinois.    See  Sxachwixe. 
Se-Nan,  sA'ndn',  or  Sse-Nan-Foo,  si'ninYoo',  a 
city  of  China,  province  of  Koei-Choo,  capital  of  a  depart- 
ment, on  the  Oo-Kiang,  a  tributary  of  the  Yang-tse-Kiang, 
in  lat.  28°  N.,  Ion.  108°  25'  E. 

Senato'bia,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Tate  cc.  Miss., 
c/n  the  Mississippi  &  Tennessee  Railroad,  37  miles  S.  of 
i  Memphis,  and  13  miles  N.  of  Sardis.  It  has  a  newspaper 
i  office,  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  seminary.  Pop.  esti- 
fttated  at  1000. 

t     Senday,  a  town  of  Japan.    See  Xenday. 
j    Sendcuhorst,  sfin'd§n-hoRst\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
I  Westphalia,  12  miles  S.E.  of  MUnstcr.     Pop.  1887. 
I     Sendim,  a  town  of  Portugal.    See  Sindim. 
I     Sene,  s^h-ni',  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Mor- 
Ibihan.     Pop.  of  commune,  2849. 

I     Sen'eca,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  New  York, 
ihas  an  area  of  about  325  square  miles.     It  is  bounded  on 
jthe  E.  by  Cayuga  Lalfe  and  Seneca  llivcr,  and  on  the  W. 
by  Seneca  Lake.     It  is  partly  drained  by  Clj'de  River  and 
ithe  outlet  of  Seneca  Lake.     The  surface  is  undulating  and 
elevated.     Many  picturesque  ravines  occur  along  the  shores 
of  the  deep  and  beautiful  lakes  above  named.     The  soil  is 
calcareous  and  very  fertile.     Wheat,  Indian  corn,  barley, 
oats,  hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.     Among  its 
mineral  resources  are  gypsum,  comiferoiis  limestone,  and 
.other  Devonian  rocks.     This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
(New  York  Central  Railroad   and   the   Geneva,  Ithaca   & 
Athens  Railroad.     Capital,  Ovid  and  Waterloo.     Valua- 
tion of  real  and  personal  estate,  §33,479,935.     Pop.  in  1 870, 
27,823,  of  whom  23,978  were  Americans ;  in  1880,  29,278. 
Seneca,  a  northern  county  of  Ohio,  has  an  area  of  540 
Bquare  miles.     It  is  intersected  by  Sandusky  River,  which 
divides  i't  into  nearly  equal  parts,  and  is  also  drained  by 
I'Jreen,  Honey,  Rock,  and  Wolf  Creeks.     The   surface  is 
partly  undulating  and  partly  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it 
Is  covered  with  forests  of  the  white  oak,  beech,  elm,  white 
ash,  hickory,  sugar-maple,  and  other  trees.     The  soil   is 
very  fertile.     Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  wool,  butter, 
cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.     Upper  Silurian 
imestones  (of  the  Niagara  and  Helderberg  groups)  under- 
ie  a  large  part  of  the  soil.     Corniferous  limestone  is  also 
ibundant  here.     This  county  is  intersected  by  3  railroads, 
— the  Lake  Erie  &  Louisville,  the  Cincinnati,  Sandusky  & 
Cleveland,   and  the   Baltimore   <fc   Ohio.      Capital,  Tiffin. 
Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $23,133,987.     Pop. 
in  1870,  30,827;   in  1880,  36,947.     The  Toledo,  Tiffin  & 
Eastern  Railroad  terminates  at  Tiffin. 
Seneca,  a  township  of  Plumas  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  400. 
Seneca  (formerly  Crotty),  a  post-village  of  La  Salle 
so.,  111.,  in   Manlius  township,  on  the  Illinois  River,  the 
Michigan  &  Illinois  Canal,  and  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island 
k  Pacific  Railroad,  13  miles  E.  of  Ottawa,  and  10  miles  AV. 
)f  Morris.     It  has  a  job  printing-office,  a  graded  school,  a 
)anking-house,  3  churches,  a  machine-shop,  a  manufactory 
>f  windmills,  and  2  large  wai-ehouses  for  grain.     Coal  is 
found  here.     Pop.  in  1880,  738. 
Seneca,  a  township  of  McHenry  cc.  111.     Pop.  1027. 
Seneca,  a  post-office  of  Kossuth  co.,  Iowa. 
Seneca,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Nemaha  co.,  Kansas, 
■n  Richmond  township,  on  the  South  Fork  of  the  Nemaha 
iliver,  and  on  the  °t.  Joseph  &  Denver  City  Railroad,  77 
nilos  W.  of  St.  Joseph,  and  about  64  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Topeka.     It  has  a  court-house,  a  state  bank,  1  or  2  news- 
>aper  offices,  4  churches,  and  a  flour-mill.     P.  (1880)  1203. 
Seneca,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md.,  about  20 
niles  N.W.  of  Washington,  D.C.     Here  is  a  church. 

Seneca,  a  post-township  of  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  about 
2  miles  S.W.  of  Adrian.  It  contains  the  village  of  Mo- 
cnci,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  <fc  Canada  Southern 
Uilroad.     Pop.  2516. 

Seneca,  a  post-village  of  Newton  oo.,  Mo.,  in  Lost 
Hreok  township,  on  the  St.  Louis  <fc  San  Francisco  Rail- 
oad,  88  miles  W.S.W.  of  Springfield,  and  about  16  miles 
i.E.  of  Baxter  Springs,  Kansas.     It  has  a  church.    P.  380. 
Seneca,  a  post-hamlet  of  Custer  co.,  Neb.,  48  miles  N. 
t  Elm  Creek  Station. 
Seneca,  a  township  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.     Pop.  2681. 
Seneca,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  0.     Pop.  1242. 
Seneca,  a  township  of  Noble  co.,  0.     Pop.  982. 
Seneca,  a  township  of  Seneca  co.,  0.     Pop.  1583. 
Seneca,  Venango  co.,  Pa.    See  Salbm  Citt. 
Seneca,  a  post-village  in  Seneca  township,  Oconee  co., 


S.C,  on  the  Atlanta  &  Richmond  Air-Line  Railroad  where 
it  crossses  the  Blue  Ridge  Railroad,  120  miles  N.E.  of  At- 
lanta, and  about  12  miles  S.E.  of  Walhalla.  It  has  a  church, 
several  stores,  a  large  hotel,  Ac.  Gold  is  said  to  be  found 
here.  Pop.  about  400.  The  name  of  its  station  is  Seneca 
City.     The  township  is  drained  by  Kiowec  River.     P.  3613. 

Seneca,  a  post-village  in  Seneca  township,  Crawford 
CO.,  Wis.,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Boscobel,  and  about  20  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Prairie  du  Chien.  It  has  a  church,  2  stores,  and 
2  hotels.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1391. 

Seneca,  a  township  of  Green  Lake  co..  Wis.     P.  458. 

Seneca,  a  township  of  Shawano  co.,  AVis.     Pop.  132. 

Seneca,  a  township  of  Wood  co..  Wis.     Pop.  349. 

Seneca,  Ontario.    See  Caledonia. 

Seneca  Castle,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Ontario 
CO.,  N.Y.,  at  the  hamlet  of  Castleton,  on  the  Ontario  South- 
ern Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Newark.     It  has  2  churches. 

Seneca  City,  Oconee  co.,  S.C.    Sec  Seneca. 

Seneca  Creek,  Maryland,  runs  south  west  ward  through 
Montgomery  co.,  and  enters  the  Potomac  River  about  9 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Rockville. 

Seneca  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  in  Monroe  co.,  runs  N.W., 
and  enters  Wills  Creek  in  Guernsey  co.  near  Cambridge. 

Seneca  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Seneca  co.,  N.Y.,  in  a 
township  of  its  own  name,  on  the  Seneca  Outlet  or  River, 
and  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  16  miles  W.  of 
Auburn,  10  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Geneva,  and  about  3  miles 
W.  of  Cayuga  Lake.  It  contains  6  churches,  many  hand- 
some residences,  a  high  school,  2  national  banks,  2  news- 
paper offices,  several  flouring-mills,  and  a  large  manufactory 
of  steam  fire-engines.  It  has  also  manufactures  of  woollen 
goods,  pumps,  sash,  blinds,  Ac.  The  river  here  falls  50  feet 
and  affords  abundant  motive-power.  This  is  the  most  popu- 
lous village  in  the  county.     Pop.  5890 ;  of  township,  7076. 

Seneca  Hill,  a  hamlet  on  the  New  Y'ork  &  Oswego 
Midland  Railroad,  on  or  near  the  Oswego  River,  6  miles 
S.E.  of  Oswego,  N.Y.     It  has  a  church. 

Seneca  Indians,  a  tribe  of  the  Iroquois  or  Six 
Nations,  inhabiting  certain  tracts  in  the  W.  part  of  New 
York,  where  they  number  3060.  ,  A  smaller  band  of  this 
tribe  live  in  the  Indian  Territory. 

Seneca  Lake,  New  York,  a  long,  deep,  and  beautiful 
lake  which  extends  from  Watkins  northward  to  Geneva, 
forming  the  E.  boundary  of  Yates  co.  and  part  of  the  AV. 
boundary  of  Seneca  co.  It  is  about  36  miles  long,  with  an 
average  width  of  about  2  miles,  and  is  530  feet  deep.  Steam- 
boats ply  daily  in  all  seasons  on  this  lake,  the  navigation 
of  which  is  never  closed  by  ice.  Its  outlet  i-ssues  from  the 
N.  end  of  the  lake,  runs  nearly  eastward,  and  enters  Ca- 
yuga Lake.  Seneca  Lake  lies  in  a  valley  of  erosion  exca- 
vated in  rocks  of  the  Hamilton  group  and  Portage  group. 
The  celebrated  Watkins  Glen  is  at  the  head  of  this  lake. 

Seneca  Lane,  a  station  in  Guernsey  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Marietta,  Pittsburg  &  Cleveland  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of 
Cambridge. 

Seneca  River,  New  York,  is  formed  by  the  junction 
of  the  Clyde  River  and  the  outlet  of  Cayuga  Lake.  These 
unite  about  6  miles  N.  of  Cayuga  Bridge.  It  is  the  chan- 
nel by  which  the  surplus  waters  of  Cayuga,  Seneca,  Can- 
andaigua,  and  other  lakes  are  discharged.  It  runs  nearly 
northeastward,  intersects  Cayuga  co.,  and  unites  with  the 
Oneida  River  to  form  the  Oswego  River. 

Seneca  River,  South  Carolina.    Sec  Kiowee  River. 

Sen'ecaville,  a  post-village  in  Richland  township, 
Guernsey  co.,  0.,  on  Seneca  Creek,  about  30  miles  E.  of 
Zanesville.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  376. 

Sen'efer,  an  island  of  the  Red  Sea,  6  miles  E.  of  Tiran, 
at  the  entrance  of  the  Gulf  of  Akabah. 

Seneffe,  s^h-nfiff',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of 
Hainaut,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Mons.  Pop.  5083.  Here  a  san- 
guinary battle  took  place  in  1674  between  Cond6  and  the 
Prince  of  Orange. 

Seueg;al,  sdn*e-gawl'  (Fr.  SSnSgal,  si^ni'gil'),  a  large 
river  of  AVest  Africa,  rises,  under  the  name  of  Ba-Fing,  in 
lat.  10°  30'  N.,  Ion.  10°  40'  AV.,  near  Teemboo,  where  its 
sources  are  separated  from  those  of  the  Niger  by  the  high- 
lands of  the  Mandingo  country.  It  flows  successively  N.AV. 
and  AA'^.  through  Senegambia,  its  basin  lying  N.  of  that  of 
the  Gambia,  and  enters  the  Atlantic  Ocean  in  lat.  16°  N., 
Ion.  16°  33'  AV.  Total  course,  estimated  at  1000  miles. 
The  principal  affluents  are  the  AVooliina  and  Faleme,  both 
of  which  join  it  in  the  upper  half  of  its  course.  At  Fel- 
lore,  from  400  to  450  miles  from  the  ocean,  it  forms  a  cata- 
ract, up  to  which  it  is  always  navigable  for  flat-bottomed 
boats.  In  its  lower  part  it  flows  through  a  level  and  densely- 
wooded  plain,  and  the  tide  is  perceptible  in  it  for  00  leagues 
inland.     At  35  miles  from  its  mouth  it  divides  into  two 


SEN 


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Srincip&I  arrai,  the  oiuternmoRt  and  largest  of  which  is 
ocp  enough  for  the  lurgo«t  iihi|)«,  but  the  inuuth  of  the 
river  is  eneuuiboroil  by  a  bar,  which  has  seldom  more  than 
10  or  12  foot  of  water.  In  the  rainy  seasons  vessels  of 
from  130  to  150  tons  can  ascend  it  to  Ciulain,  and  at  the 
commencement  of  the  inundation,  in  July,  French  trading- 
vessels  sail  up  to  thnt  point. 

Senegal  (Fr.  Sinfyntor  Sin(gnmhie),  tiTrench  colonial 
dependency  of  West  Africa,  consisting  of  the  island  and 
town  of  St.  Louis,  at  the  uiouth  of  the  Senegal,  and  several 
forts  along  the  banks  of  that  river,  <to.,  on  the  Gambia, 
Gor6o,  and  other  settlements  S.  of  Cape  Vord.  Total  pop. 
in  1S75,  220,86.3.  The  exports  consiiit  chioQy  of  gum,  hides, 
wax,  ivory,  cabinet-woous,  ground-nuts,  oofico,  palm  oil, 
and  gold-dust;  the  imports,  of  manufactured  goods,  wines, 
spirits,  and  provisions.  The  governor  resides  at  St.  Louis, 
which  is  the  seat  of  the  chief  judicial  court.  Gor6o  is  the 
residence  of  a  lieutenant-governor.  The  country  is  divided 
into  the  arrondissemcnts  of  St.  Louis  and  Gor6o.  The 
French  first  settled  in  Senegal  in  1637.  Chief  towns,  St. 
Louis,  Richard  Toll,  Dagana,  Podor,  Bakel,  Goruc,  Dakar, 
Rutisque,  and  Portudal. 

Sciiigulliaf  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Simqaolia. 

Seiiegiiinbia)  sin-c-gam'be-9(Fr.  S£nS(/anibie,  8ii,''nk- 
g&ii'bee' ;  Ocr.  Scnetjambien,  si-nd-g&.m'bc-9n),an  extensive 
region  of  West  Africa,  comprising  the  countries  between  lat. 
8°  and  17°  N.  and  Ion.  4°  and  17°  30'  W.,  having  E.  Soo- 
dan  proper,  S.  Guinea,  W.  the  Atlantic,  and  N.  the  Sahara. 
It  is  watered  by  the  Senoj^al  and  Gambia  Rivers  (whence 
its  name),  witti  the  Casamanza,  Rio  Grande,  and  Nunez. 
It  is  mountainous  in  the  E. ;  W.  parts  low  and  level.  In 
natural  products  this  region  is  very  rich  ;  but  the  heat  is 
intense,  and  climate  very  unhealthy  fur  Europeans.  Wild 
animals  comprise  the  elephant,  hippopotamus,  monkeys, 
antelopes,  gazelles,  lion,  panther,  leopard,  hyenas,  jackal, 
crocodile,  Ac.  Inhabitants  mostly  negroes,  intermixed  with 
Arabs  and  other  Mohammedan  tribes.  The  population  of 
this  vast  region  is  computed  at  12,000,000.  The  English 
possess  here  the  settlement  of  Gambia ;  the  French  have 
numerous  forts,  towns,  and  districts ;  and  the  Portuguese 
own  some  small  establishments  at  Cacheo  and  liissao. 
Among  the  native  states  are  Foota-Toro,  Foota-Damga, 
Foota-Jallon,  Bondoo,  and  countless  minor  countries,  many 
of  them  partly  under  French  control.  This  country  has 
been  partly  occujjied  by  Europeans  for  nearly  250  years, 
but  its  interior  is  not  yet  well  known.     See  Senegal. 

Scneghc,  si-ni'gi,  or  Senegui  (?),  a  village  of  Sar- 
dinia, 9  miles  S.E.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  2181. 

Se'nex,  a  hamlet  of  McLean  co..  III.,  in  Padua  town- 
ship, 16  miles  by  rail  E.  by  S.  of  Bloomington.  It  has  a 
church. 

Se'ney,  a  post-hamlet  of  Plymouth  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Sioux  City  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Sioux 
City.     It  has  an  elevator. 

Seney,  a  post-office  of  Macon  co..  Mo. 

Senftcnberg,  sdnft^n-bdRc^  or  Zamberg,  ts&m'- 
biiiG,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  28  miles  E.S.E.  of  Koniggriltz, 
on  the  Adler.     Pop.  3353. 

Senftenberg,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg,  on 
the  Black  Elster,  15  miles  S.  of  Kalau.     Pop.  2103. 

Se-Ngan,  si'ngin',  or  Sse-Ngan-Foo,  sfing'gin^- 
foo',  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Quang-See,  45  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Nan-Ning. 

Senghilej,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Singilei. 

Senhorim,  sfin-yo-reeN»',  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira, 
12  miles  from  Viseu.     Pop.  2152. 

Senia,  the  ancient  name  of  Zekgg. 

Seniavine  (or  Seniavin,  sd-nc-d-vcen')  Islands,  a 
group  of  the  Carolines,  in  the  Pacific,  lat.  6°  43'  to  7°  6' 
N.,  Ion.  158°  to  158°  30'  E.  The  principal  island  is  Poi- 
unipet. 

Seniga,  si'no-g4,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  20 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Brescia,  on  the  Oglio. 

Senio,  sA'ne-o,  a  river  of  Central  Italy,  in  Tuscany  and 
Emilia,  joins  the  Po  di  Primaro  10  miles  N.W.  of  Ravenna, 
after  a  N.E.  course  of  50  miles. 

Senise,  s4-nec'sA,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basilicata,  29 
miles  E.  of  Lagonegro.     Pop.  5038. 

Senjen,  sdn'y^n,  one  of  the  largest  islands  off  the  N.W. 
coast  of  Norway,  its  centre  near  lat.  69°  20'  N.,  Ion.  17° 
10'  E.  Length,  45  miles ;  breadth,  30  miles.  The  shores 
are  greatly  indented,  and  its  mountains  rise  3000  feet. 

Scnkov,  Senkow,  sdn-kov',  or  Zenkov,  a  town  of 
Russia,  42  miles  N.N.W.  of  Poltava.    Pop.  10,589. 

Senlis,  80V»Meece'  or  80N»Mee'  (anc.  Auguatom' agn»  and 
Sj/loaiiec'tet  f),  a  town  of  France,  in  Oise,  on  the  Nonette, 
32  miles  N.N.E.  of  Paris.     Lat.  49°  12'  N.j  Ion.  2°  35'  E. 


Pop.  6537.  It  ha«  a  handsome  cathedral,  a  cow  w  anal 
college,  remains  of  an  ancient  castle,  a  public  libraiy  of 
11,0011  volumes,  and  a  theatre. 

Scnmanat,  sAn-m&-n&tt',  a  village  of  Spain,  province 
aad  12  miles  from  Barcelona.     Pop.  1728. 

Scnn,  sfin  (anc.  Ck'hc),  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  25 
miles  S.S.K.  of  Mosul,  on  the  Tigris,  opposite  the  mouth 
of  the  Zab. 

Sennnf  a  town  of  East  Africa.    See  Sema. 

Senna,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Sim.na. 

Sennaar,  or  Sennar,  sdn-n^r',  a  district  of  Nortbenst 
Africa,  subject  to  Egypt,  and  forming  a  partof  Nubia,  is  sit- 
uatod  on  the  Bahr-ol-Azrek  (Blue  Nile),  between  llie  parul- 
lels  of  12°  and  15°  45'  N.  lat.  The  junction  of  the  two  great 
arms  of  the  Nile,  the  Bahr-el-Azrek  and  the  Bahr-eUAblad, 
is  in  lat.  15°  37'  N.  The  tract  between  these  two  rivers, 
increasing  S.  to  a  width  of  2  or  3  days'  journey  (50  or  60 
miles),  is  called  by  the  Arabs  the  island  of  Sennaar.  The 
towns  or  villages  lie  chiefly  along  the  banks  of  the  Blue 
River,  or  Bahr-ol-Azrek.  The  country  has  Abyssinia  on  the 
E.  and  Kordofan  on  the  W.,  from  which  latter  the  White 
Nile  divides  it.  It  is  mostly  an  elevated  and  partly  furci<t- 
clad  plain.  Area,  60,000  square  miles.  Pop.  variously  esti- 
mated between  500,000  and  1,500,000. 

The  argillaceous  soil  is  retentive  of  water,  and  when  re- 
freshed by  rain  (for  these  rich  plains  are  nowhere  reuohed 
by  the  waters  of  the  Nile)  becomes  exceedingly  fertile.  But 
in  the  dry  season  it  has  an  aspect  of  the  most  disuiiil  ster- 
ility. This  naturally  ]>rolific  plain  rarely  presents  to  view 
the  luxuriant  vegetation  whicn  might  be  expected  so  near 
the  equator.  As  soon  as  the  rain  falls,  the  arid  and  dreary 
waste  becomes  a  sea  of  mire,  and  on  this,  without  any  prepa- 
ration, is  sown  the  durra  {Sorijhnni  vidgare),  the  char- 
acteristic produce  of  Sennaar.  In  three  months  and  a  half, 
or  about  the  end  of  October,  the  whole  plain,  far  and  wide, 
waves  with  the  ripe  grain,  and  the  harvest  is  gathered. 
Near  Kbartoom,  the  extensive  inundated  tracts  on  the  Bahr- 
el-Abiod  are  sown,  on  the  retirement  of  the  floods,  with  kid- 
ney-beans and  afterwards  with  durra.  In  the  latitude  of 
Sennaar  the  chick-pea  takes  the  place  of  the  kidney-bean. 

Immediately  before  and  at  times  during  the  rains,  the 
heat  is  insupportable,  the  thermometer  in  a  tent  rising  to 
119°  Fahrenheit.  Then  come  the  fevers  and  dysentery, 
which  are  most  fatal  on  the  plain.  In  winter  the  thermom- 
eter often  falls  to  60°,  and  the  atmosphere  is  so  free  from 
humidity  that  meat  will  dry  without  decomposing. 

The  population  of  Sennaar  is  of  a  very  mixed  character. 
The  better  classes  have  generally  handsome  features  and 
well-proportioned  figures.  The  houses  are  built  of  sun- 
dried  bricks,  and  roofed  with  halfa  (a  grass),  durra  straw, 
or  reeds,  ^he  material  used  varying  in  position  with  respect 
of  the  rains.  More  than  half  of  the  population  are  negro 
slaves.  The  upper  classes  spend  a  life  of  utter  indolence 
and  idle  dissipation.  All  classes  love  intoxication,  and 
drink  an  inebriating  beer  made  from  durra,  or  brandy  dis- 
tilled from  it.  The  property  of  land  is  here  absolute,  and 
not  resumable  by  the  sovereign,  as  is  generally  the  case 
throughout  Africa.  The  people,  though  subdued  by  the 
Mohammedans,  can  hardly  be  said  to  have  been  converted 
by  them.  They  have  forgotten  Christianity,  but  while  pro- 
fessing the  faith  of  the  Koran  they  observe  few  of  its 
precepts.  They  rear  and  eat  pork,  they  neither  wash  nor 
pray,  and  most  of  their  villages  are  without  mosques. 

Besides  Sennaar,  the  capital,  numerous  villages  are  situ- 
ated on  the  Nile  below  it.  The  most  important  are  Dekin, 
the  ancient  capital;  Wad  Medina  (in  14°  25'  N.  lat.), 
now  nearly  as  largo  as  Sennaar;  Misselcmiah,  20  miles 
lower  down,  the  chief  place  of  trade  on  the  river;  and 
Kalamin,  where  some  manufactories  have  been  established. 

The  popular  traditions  of  Sennaar  represent  that  country 
as  the  original  seat  of  the  Macrobii,  whom  Herodotus  men- 
tions as  the  most  remote  of  the  Ethiopians  and  as  a  people 
whose  gold  provoked  the  cupidity  of  Cambyses.  As  Chris- 
tianity spread  up  the  Nile  it  was  soon  received  by  the  de- 
scendants of  the  Egyptians,  and  in  the  tenth  century  the 
most  flourishing  state  in  Ethiopia  was  the  Christian  king- 
dom of  Aiwa,  on  the  Blue  River,  with  Soba  for  its  capital. 
The  ruins  of  Soba  may  now  bo  recognized  on  both  sides  of 
the  river,  about  15  miles  above  Kbartoom. 

Sennaar,  or  Sennar,  a  city  of  the  above  country,  is 
situated  in  lat.  13°  34'  N.,  Ion.  33°  30'  E.,  in  the  midst  of 
a  vast  plain.  It  was  once  large  and  well  built,  but  now 
lies  for  the  most  part  in  ruins.  lU  population  has  fallen 
from  30,000  to  less  than  4000. 

Senne,  sfin'n?h,  a  river  of  Belgium,  falls  into  the  Demer 
a  little  below  Mechlin. 

Sennecey-le-Grand,  s^nn'si'-l^h-grfiN",  a  town  of 


SEN" 


2435 


SER 


France,  in  Sa&ne-et- Loire,  on  the  Paris  A  Lyons  Railway, 
22  miles  N.  of  Macon.     Pop.  1798. 

Senueef,  Sennif,  sSn'neef,  or  Suk-el-Jnmahh, 
BOok-Jl-joo'ui4H'(?),  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  Yemen,  in  a  well- 
cultivated  valley,  100  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Mocha.  Pop. 
about  1000. 

Scnnerutj  sJn'n^r-oot*,  an  island  off  the  W.  coast  of 
Greenland,  N.  of  Cape  Desolation.     Lat.  61°  28'  N. 

Sen'net,  a  post-village  in  Sennet  township,  Cayuga 
^C  N.Y.,  on  the  Auburn  Branch  of  the  New  York  Central 
(Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Auburn,  and  21  miles  W.  of 
(Syracuse.  It  has  2  churches.  Limestone  abounds  here. 
iPop.  of  the  township,  1603. 

I    Sennfeld,  sSnn'fdlt,  a  village  of  Baden,  circle  of  Lower 
JRhine.     Pop.  1230. 

I    Scnnheim,  s5nn'hime  (Fr.  Cernny,  s^iCnh.'),  a  town  of 
jGermany,  in  Upper  Alsace,  8  miles  by  rail  N.AV.  of  Mul- 
Ibausen.     It  has  extensive  manufactures.     Pop.  3965. 
I    Sennif,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  Senneep. 

Scnno,  sJn'no,  or  Sienno,  se-6n'no,  a  town  of  Russia, 
overnment  and  72  miles  N.N.W.  of  Moheelev.     P.  2508. 

Sennori,  sen-no'ree,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sardinia, 

miles  N.E.  of  Sassari.     Pop.  2335. 

Scnnwald,  sfinn'^ilt,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
nd  13  miles  S.S.E.  of  St.  Gall.     Pop.  2856. 

Scnoia,  se-noi'a,  a  post-village  of  Coweta  co.,  Ga.,  on 
he  Savannah,  Griffin  &,  North  Alabama  Railroad,  16  miles 
E.  by  S.  of  Newnan.  It  has  a  newspaper  office  and  5 
shurches. 

Senones,  an  ancient  name  of  Sens. 

Senones,  s§h-non',  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Vosges,  7 
miles  N.E.  of  Saint-Di6.  Pop.  2542.  It  has  cotton-mills, 
nail-works,  <tc. 

Scnouois,  or  Senonais,  s^h-no^ni',  an  old  district 
of  France,  of  which  Sens  was  the  capital,  and  now  forming 
the  greater  part  of  the  departments  of  Yonne  and  Aube. 

Senoo-Deboo,  or  Senou-Debou,  si'noo'-di'boo', 
\  village  of  Senegambia,  in  Bondoo,  on  the  Faleme.  Lat. 
14°  22'  N.;  Ion.  12°  20'  W. 

Sc-Ool,  Se-Oul,  or  Se-Ul,  si^ool',  the  capital  city 
)f  Corca.     See  King-Ki-Tao. 

Sens,  sSn"  (anc.  Ayedin'cum,  afterwards  Sen'oneg),  a 
jity  of  France,  in  Yonne,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Yonne, 
ind  on  the  railway  to  Paris  and  Lyons,  61  miles  S.S.E.  of 
t'aris.  Lat.  48°  12'  N. ;  Ion.  3°  17'  E.  Pop.  12,251.  Its 
.vails,  and  various  other  buildings,  are  of  Roman  construc- 
;ion.  Its  cathedral  contains  the  tombs  of  historical  per- 
sonages. It  has  a  lycie  or  college,  a  museum  of  antiquities, 
t,  public  library,  an  episcopal  seminary,  theatre,  a  suburb 
)n  an  island  in  the  Yonne,  here  crossed  by  two  bridges,  a 
tribunal  of  commerce,  chamber  of  manufactures,  distilleries, 
anneries,  and  manufactures  of  serge,  razors,  buttons,  dials, 
ind  nails.  Under  the  Romans  it  was  the  capital  of  the 
'ourth  Lyonnaise,  and  an  episcopal  see,  founded  in  the 
i.hird  century. 

i    Sensburg,  sSns'booRG,  a  town  of  Prussia,  61  miles  S.AV. 
I)f  Gumbinnen.     Pop.  3321. 

Sen'terfitt,  a  post-office  of  Lampasas  co.,  Tex. 

Sen'tinel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Juneau  co..  Wis.,  about  38 
niles  W.  by  N.  of  Portage  City. 

Sentinel le,  La,  13,  s6N°Ue-n6l',  a  village  of  France,  in 
!?ord,  arrondissement  of  Valenciennes.  Here  are  iron- 
'urnaces,  forges,  <fec.     Pop.  2646. 

Sen'tinel  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co., 
(Mo.,  40  miles  W.  of  Lebanon. 

Scn'tinels,  North  and  South,  two  small  islets  in  the 
3ay  of  Bengal,  W.  of  the  Great  and  Little  Andaman 
[slantls.     Lat.  11°  N.;  Ion.  93°  E. 

Sentipac,  sdn-te-p3.k',  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Ja- 
isco,  near  the  Pacific,  25  miles  S.  of  Aeaponeta. 

Sentis,  sSn'tis,  or  Hoch-Sentis,  hoK-s6n'tis,  a  moun- 
ain  of  Switzerland,  6  miles  S.  of  Appenzell.  Height  above 
.he  sea,  8232  feet. 

Seny,  a  town  of  Croatia.    See  Zengg. 

Seo  de  Urgel,  ek'o  dh  oou-iifil',  a  city  of  Spain,  prov- 
nce  and  67  miles  N.E.  of  Lerida,  in  a  plain  among  the 
Pyrenees.  It  has  an  ancient  cathedral,  a  court-house,  a 
lunnery,  and  a  bishop's  palace.  It  was  sacked  by  the  French 
n  1792.     Pop.  3089. 

Se^oga'um,  or  Su^iga'on,  a  native  state  of  India,  in 
tfyhee  Caunta.     Pop.  10,104. 

SeVha'ra,  or  Siohara,  se'o-hi'rA,  a  town  of  India, 
3ijnaur  district.    Lat.  29°  13'  N. ;  Ion.  78°  39'  E.    P.  8340. 

Seo'la,  a  station  in  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Toledo  & 
i.nn  Arbor  Railroad,  15  miles  N.N.W.  of  Toledo,  0. 

Seon,  si'on,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Aargau, 
»n  the  Aa,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Aarau.     Pop.  1794. 


Seo'nee,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  Sconce  district,  80 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Jubbulpoor.     Pop.  10,621. 

Seonee,  a  district  of  India,  Central  Provinces,  traversed 
by  the  Satpoora  Mountains.  Area,  3123  square  miles. 
Capital,  Sconce.     Pop.  229,856. 

Seonee,  or  Sewonee,  a  town  of  India,  district  and 
30  miles  S.AV.  of  Iloshungabad.     Pop.  7579. 

Separa'tion,  a  station  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad, 
14  miles  W.  of  Rawlins,  Wyoming. 

Sepes  Varallya,  Hungary.    See  KincHDonp. 

Sepino,  sA.-pee'no,  or  Supino,  soo-pce'no.  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  and  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Campobasso.  Pop. 
3736.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollens  and  paper.  Near 
it  are  the  supposed  remains  of  the  ancient  Sepiiiua, 

Sepita,  a  town  of  Bolivia.    See  Zkpita. 

Sepolcro,  San.     See  Bonce  San  Sepolcro. 

Sepphoris,  an  ancient  name  of  Sefoorieh. 

Sepsi-Szent-Gyorgy,  shSp'shee'-sCnt-dytiitdj,  a  vil- 
lage of  Transylvania,  in  Szckler-Land,  on  the  Aloota,  16 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Kronstadt.     Pop.  43C5. 

Septa,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Ceuta. 

Sept-Freres,  sdt-frain  {i.e.,  "  seven  brothers"),  a 
group  of  islets  off  the  N.  coast  of  Ilayti,  opposite  Monte 
Christi. 

Septimanca,  the  ancient  name  of  Simancas. 

Septimer,  sStHee-maiu'  or  sdp'te-m§r,  one  of  the  Swiss 
Alps,  canton  of  Grisons,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Chur.  There  js 
a  pass  across  it,  7611  feet  in  height,  leading  from  East 
Switzerland  into  Italy. 

Sept-Isles,  s6t-eel  {i.e.,  "seven  islands"),  a  group 
belonging  to  France,  off  the  N.  coast  of  Brittany,  in  Cotes- 
du-Nord,  10  miles  N.  of  Lannion.  Lat.  48°  62'  48"  N. ; 
Ion.  3°  29'  15"  W.  The  Ile  aux  Moines  is  the  largest 
and  only  inhabited  island. 

Septmoncel,  sil'miuo^iir,  a  frontier  village  of 
France,  in  Jura,  in  the  mountains,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Ge- 
neva. Pop.  1319,  who  manufacture  toys  and  artificial  gems. 

Sepul'ga,  a  post-office  of  Conecuh  co.,  Ala. 

Sepuiga  River,  Alabama,  rises  in  Butler  co.,  runs 
southward  through  Conecuh  co.,  and  enters  the  Conecuh 
River  in  the  E.  part  of  Escambia  co. 

Sepulveda,  si-pool-vi'Di,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  24  miles  N.N.E.  of  Segovia.     Pop.  1920. 

Sepulveda,  sA-pooI-vi'dd,  a  station  of  the  Southern 
Pacific  Railroad,  8i  miles  N.  of  Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Sequana,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Seine. 

Sequarenia,  a  town  of  Brazil,     See  Saquarema. 

Sequatchie,  sc-kwatch'ee,  a  county  of  East  Tennessee, 
has  an  area  of  alsout  250  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Sequatchie  River,  The  surface  is  hilly  or  mount.ainous, 
and  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  beech,  hickory,  maple, 
oak,  &o.  This  county  comprises  part  of  the  Cumberland 
Mountain  or  Table-Land  and  part  of  AValden's  Ridge.  In- 
dian corn,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Lime- 
stone, iron,  and  coal  abound  here.  Capital,  Dunlap,  Val- 
uation of  real  and  personal  estate,  $987,113,  Pop.  in  1870, 
2335,  of  whom  2327  were  Americans;  in  1880,  2565. 

Sequatchie  (or  Scquatchee)  River,  Tennessee, 
rises  in  Bledsoe  co.,  and  runs  in  a  S.S.W.  direction  through 
the  table-land  called  Cumberland  Mountain.  It  intersects 
the  COS.  of  Sequatchie  and  Marion,  and  enters  the  Ten- 
nessee River  near  Jasper.  The  valley  of  this  river  is  a 
straight,  narrow  trough,  60  miles  long  and  from  3  to  5  miles 
wide,  and  is  bordered  on  each  side  by  steep  and  high  bluffs. 

Sequillo,  s.\-kecryo,  a  river  of  Spain,  rises  between 
the  provinces  of  Palencia  and  Leon,  flows  first  S.W.,  past 
Medina  de  Rio  Seco,  and,  after  a  course  of  80  miles,  joins  the 
Valderaduey. 

Sequo'yah,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Kansas,  has 
an  area  of  864  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Arkan- 
sas River  and  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad, 
The  surface  is  undulating  prairie.     Pop.  in  1880,  563. 

Ser  and  Mer,  Himalayas.    See  Meic  and  Ser. 

Serafshan,  Russia.    See  Zerafsitan. 

Serai,  si-ri',  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in  Roumelia, 
12  miles  S.E.  of  Viza. 

Seraia,  a  town  of  India.    See  Kambalia. 

Seraievo,  Ser^evo,  or  Scraio.    Seo  Bosna  Sekai. 

Serain,  or  Serein,  seh-ri.v"',  a  river  of  France,  de- 
partments of  Cote-d"Or  and  Yonne,  after  a  N.W.  course  of 
75  miles,  past  Noyers  and  Chablis,  joins  the  Yonne  8  miles 
N.  of  Auxerre. 

Seraing,  s^h-riN"',  a  village  of  Belgium,  on  the  Meuse, 
5  miles  by  railway  S.W.  of  Liege.  Pop.  19,414.  Here  is 
the  former  residence  of  the  prince-bishops  of  Liege.  It  has 
coal-mines  and  manufactures  of  steam-engines,  locomotives, 
iron-wares,  and  macbinerj. 


SER 


2436 


SER 


Scrampore,  sfir'im-pOr',  or  Ser^nmpoor',  a  town 
of  Uongal,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Hoogly,  opjmi'ite  Harrock- 
poor,  and  13  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Calcutta.  It  is  the  seat  of 
an  extcnsivo  and  long-eatiibliahod  Baptist  inissionnry  cstiib- 
n:3liiuont,  and  hiw  a  eolicgf!  and  a  largo  library.  It  wag  for 
many  years  the  capital  of  tlie  Danish  India  settlements,  but 
was  purchased  by  the  East  India  Company  in  1845.  Uy  the 
Danes  it  was  called  Fredoriksnagar.  It  has  manufactures 
of  paper  and  mats. 

Seran,  89h-r6N»',  a  river  of  France,  department  of  Ain, 
joins  the  Rhone  near  Roohfort,  after  a  S.  course  of  25  miles. 

Serangnni  (se-Hln-gl'nce)  Isles,  a  cluster  in  the 
Malay  Archipelago,  between  lat.  6°  and  6°  N.,  off  the  S. 
extremity  of  Mindanao. 

Serang-Laut,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Ceram-Ladt. 

Scravezza,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Sriuiavexza. 

Serawatty  (sir-i^-wlt'tee)  Islands,  written  also 
Scrwatty,  a  group  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  E.  of  the 
island  of  Timor,  and  consisting  of  the  islands  of  Serawatty, 
Looan,  Letti,  Moa,  &c. 

Serawatty,  the  largest  of  the  Serawatty  Islands,  in 
the  Malay  Archipelago,  off  the  E.  end  of  Timor.  Lat.  8° 
25'  S.;  Ion.  129°  E.     Length,  about  6  miles. 

Scrayoe,  si-ri-yoo',  a  river  of  Java,  provinces  of 
Baglcn  and  Banjoemaas.  It  flows  W.S.W.,  and  falls  into 
the  Indian  Ocean  E.  of  Tjilatjap. 

Serbia,  the  Slavonic  name  of  Seuvia. 

Ser'bin,  a  small  post-village  of  Lee  co.,  Tex.,  50  miles 
E.  by  S.  of  Austin. 

Serchio,  sfia'ko-o,  a  river  of  Northern  Italy,  enters  the 
Mediterranean  8  miles  N.W.  of  Pisa,  after  a  S.W.  course 
of  55  miles. 

Sercq,  English  Channel.    See  Sauk. 

Scrdova,  or  Serdoba,  8dii-do'b&,  a  river  of  Russia, 
rises  in  the  government  of  Saratov,  flows  N.W.  past  the 
town  of  Serdovsk,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  70  miles, 
joins  the  Khoper. 

Scrdovol,  Serdobol,  s5r-do-vol',  or  Sordcevala, 
Bor-do-vi'li  (Finnish,  Sardawaln,  saR-dl-wi'll),  a  town 
of  Finland,  ten  and  90  miles  N.E.  of  Viborg,  on  the  N. 
shore  of  Lake  Ladoga. 

Serdovsk,  or  Serdobsk,  sfinMovsk',  a  town  and 
agricultural  district  of  Russia,  government  and  107  miles 
N.W.  of  Saratov,  on  the  Serdova.     Pop.  12,202. 

Sered,  s6r'{d  or  sil'rSt,  a  river  of  Austrian  Qalicia,  in 
its  E.  part,  rises  10  miles  S.  of  Brody,  flows  through  a  suc- 
cession of  small  lakes  and  S.  past  Tarnopol,  and  joins  the 
Dniester  5  miles  S.E.  of  Zalesczyky.     Length,  120  miles. 

Sereek,  or  Serik,  sa-reek',  a  town  of  Persia,  province 
of  Kerraan,  45  miles  N.W.  of  Jask,  on  the  Straits  of  Ormus. 

Seregellyes,  siVi^ghfiU'ySsh^  a  village  of  Hungary, 
00.  and  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Stuhlweissenburg.     Pop.  3441. 

Scregno,  s.\-rfin'yo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  13 
miles  N.  of  Milan  by  railway.     Pop.  6644. 

Sereilhac,  s?h-ri^yik',  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute- 
Vienne,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Limoges.     Pop.  of  commune,  2142, 

Serein,  a  river  of  France.     See  Serain. 

Sereja,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Serezha. 

Sere'na,  a  post-village  in  Serena  township.  La  Salle 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Fox  River  line  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington 
&  Quincy  Railroad,  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ottawa.  It  has 
manufactures  of  stoves  and  tin-ware.  The  township  is 
bounded  E.  by  Fox  River.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1076. 

Serena,  La,  a  town  of  Chili.    See  Coquimbo. 

Serendib,  an  old  name  of  Cevlok. 

Serenhem,  si-rfin-y^N"',  or  Formosa,  foR-mo'sl,  a 
town  of  Brazil,  province  and  50  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pcrnam- 
buco,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  river  Serenhem,  15  miles  from 
its  mouth  in  the  Atlantic.     Pop.  1200. 

Sere'no,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pino  township,  Columbia 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  14  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Danville.  It  has  a 
tannery  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Seres,  sdr'Ss,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in  Mace- 
donia, 47  miles  N.E.  of  Salonica,  in  lat.  41°  4'  N.,  Ion.  23° 
36'  E.  Pop.  30,000.  It  is  well  built,  enclosed  by  walls, 
and  commanded  by  a  citadel.  The  houses  are  interspersed 
with  gardens,  numerous  mosques,  churches,  fountains,  Ac, 
and  the  town  has  manufactures  of  woollen  and  cotton  fabrics. 

Sereth,  sfir'St'  or  siVSt'  (anc.  Arams),  a  river  of  Buko- 
wina  and  Roumania,  rises  43  miles  S.W.  of  Czernowitz, 
flows  S.S.E.,  and  joins  the  Danube  5  miles  W.  of  Galatz. 
Total  course,  nearly  270  miles.  The  principal  affluents  are 
the  Bistritz,  Suczawa,  Moldava,  and  Tatros  from  the  W., 
and  the  Berlat  from  the  E. 

Sereth,  sA-rSt',  or  Sireth,  se-r5t',  a  town  of  Austria, 
in  Bukowina,  24  miles  S.S.E.  of  Czernowitz,  on  the  Sereth. 
Pop.  6486. 


Serezha,  or  Sereja,  8&-r&'zh&,  a  river  of  Russia,  r\tt$ 
in  the  government  of  Nizhnce-Novgorod,  flows  W.S.W, 
and,  after  a  course  of  90  miles,  joins  the  Tesha  on  the 
frontiers  of  Vladinicer. 

Serfo,  an  isliind  of  Oreoce.    See  Serpho. 

Scrgatch,  Sergatsh,  or  Sergatsch,  siR-gltch',  a 
town  of  Russia,  government  and  85  miles  S.B.  of  Nizhaee- 
Novgorod.     Pop.  3629. 

Ser'geant,  a  township  of  McKean  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  119. 

Sergeant  Binds,  a  post-village  in  Woodbury  town- 
shij),  Woodbury  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Sioux  City  A  Pacific 
Railroad,  74  miles  S.  of  Sioux  City,  and  about  2  mile*  E. 
of  the  Missouri  River.  It  has  a  church,  a  brick-yard,  a 
cheese-factory,  and  2  potteries  for  stone-wnre. 

Sergeantsville,  scr'j^nts-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hun- 
terdon CO.,  N.J.,  in  Delaware  township,  about  20  milts 
N.W.  Of  Trenton. 

Scrghievsk,  or  Sergievsk,  sJr-ghe-ivsk',  a  town  nf 
Russia,  government  and  60  miles  N.E.  of  Samara,  on  the 
Sok.  It  is  defended  by  forta.  Near  it  are  several  sulphur 
springs.     Pop.  .31,413. 

Sergipe,  sin-zhee'pA,  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the 
Serra  Tubunga,  province  of  Sergipe,  flows  E.,  and  joins 
the  Vazabarris  about  8  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Sergipe,  or  Sergipe  del  Rey,  s*R-zhcc'pi  dil  rft, 
a  province  of  Brazil,  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Alagoas,  from 
which  it  is  separated  by  the  Silo  Francisco.  E.  by  iho 
Atlantic,  S.  and  AV.  by  Bahia.  Lat.  from  10°  30'  to  11" 
32' S.  Area,  12,038  square  miles.  The  coast-line,  stretch- 
ing about  130  miles,  is  low  and  sandy.  At  a  considerable 
distance  inland  the  ground  rises  into  mountains.  The 
only  rivers  of  consequence,  besides  the  SiSo  Francisco,  are  the 
Vazabarris,  the  Sergipe,  and  the  Cotindiba.  The  leading 
crops  are  cotton,  sugar-cane,  manioc,  tobacco,  millet,  rice, 
and  flax;  and  many  mules,  horses,  and  cattle  are  reared. 
The  minerals  seem  confined  to  rock-crystals,  limestone, 
and  saltpetre.     Capital,  A racnjfi.     Pop.  170,243. 

Sergipe,  a  town  of  Brazil.    See  Sao  Christovao. 

Seriate,  si-rc-i'ti,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and 
about  1  mile  E.  of  Bergamo,  on  the  Serio.     Pop.  2461. 

Serido,  si-reo'do,  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the  prov- 
ince of  Parahiba,  proceeds  N.E.,  passes  the  town  of  Villa- 
novo  do  Principe,  and  30  miles  below  joins  the  Piranhas. 
Length,  120  miles. 

Scrignan,  siVecn'ySso',  a  town  of  France,  in  Hdrault, 
5  miles  S.E.  of  BCziers.    Pop.  2317.    Brandy  is  made  hero. 

Serik,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Serekk. 

Ser'inagur',  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  British  Qnrh- 
wal,  38  miles  E.N.E.  of  llurdwar,  in  lat.  30°  11'  N.,  Ion. 
78°44'E.     Pop.  1500. 

Ser'inagur',  written  also  Sirinagar  and  Srinagar, 
and  often  called  Cashmere,  a  town  of  India,  one  of  the 
capitals  of  Cashmere,  near  the  centre  of  the  Vale  of  Cnsh- 
merc,  and  on  both  sides  of  the  Jhylum,  173  miles  N.  of 
Lahore,  and  in  lat.  34°  5'  N.,'lon.  74°  43'  E.  It  is  pic- 
turesque in  situation,  but  dilapidated,  and  is  widely  cele- 
brated for  its  shawls,  silks,  and  rose-attar,  and  for  the  float- 
ing gardens  in  a  lake  near  the  town.  Pop.  51,085.  It  is  the 
capital  of  a  district  of  the  same  name.  Area,  2550  square 
miles.     Pop.  132,681. 

Serin gapatam,  s?r-ing'ga-pa-tam'  (anc.  Sri-Jiunga- 
pnttiin,  "city  of  Vishnu"),  a  town  of  Mysore,  India,  on  an 
island  in  the  Cavery,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Mysore.  It  was  once 
strongly  fortified,  and  occupied  a  prominent  place  in  the 
history  of  British  India.     Pop.  10,594. 

Seringham,  s?r-ing'giim  {native,  Stn'rungun)),  a.  to-^n 
of  British  India,  presidency  of  Madras,  district  and  2  miles 
N.  of  Triehinopoly,  on  an  island  formed  by  the  river  Cole- 
roon  and  its  branch  the  Cavery.  On  it  are  pagodas  of 
high  repute.     Pop.  11,271. 

Serino,  sA-ree'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Avcllino,  on  the 
Sabato,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Avellino.  Pop.  of  commune, 
6562.     Near  it  are  remains  of  the  ancient  Sehattin. 

Serio,  si're-o,  a  river  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  after  a 
S.  course  of  65  miles,  joins  the  Adda  7  miles  S.  of  Crema. 

Serjan,  a  city  of  Persia.    See  Kerman. 

Serk,  one  of  the  Channel  Islands.     Sec  Sark. 

Serle  (s?rl)  Island,  Pacific  Ocean,  a  coral  island  of 
the  Low  Archipelago,  W.N.AV.  of  Clermont-Tonncrro.  Lat. 
18°  21'  S. ;  Ion.  137°  2'  W.     Length,  7  miles. 

Sermaize,  sjR'mAz',  a  town  of  France,  in  Marne,  17 
miles  by  rail  E.  of  Vitry-le-Franfois.  Pop.  2585.  It  hu 
noted  medicinal  springs. 

Sermaj,  s^r'niAj',  a  village  of  Persian  Koordistan,  on 
an  affluent  of  the  Kerah.  S.  of  Behistun. 

Sermide,  sin-mee'di,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Mantua,  on 
the  Po,  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Revere.     Pop.  of  commune,  6655. 


SER 


2437 


SER 


Sermin,  sjR^meen',  a  town  of  Syria,  20  miles  S.W.  of 
Aleppo.     Its  inhabitants  are  Kurds  and  Arabs. 

I  Sermione,  sfin-me-o'ni,  or  Sirmione,  slu-mo-o'ni 
(ano.  Sirmio),  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Brescia,  on  a 
peninsula  in  the  S.  part  of  Lago  di  Garda. 

Sernache  do  bom  Jardin,  sSn-ni'shi  do  bte>»  zhan- 
dees"',  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Beira,  50  miles  from 
Crato.     Pop.  2603. 

i  Sernache  dos  Alhos,  sSu-ni'shi  doce  il'yocc,  a  town 
iof  Portugal,  in  Douro,  4  miles  from  Coimbra.     Pop.  2309. 

II  Serohee,  Sirohi,  or  Sarowy,  sa-ro'wce,  a  native 
istate  of  India,  having  Joodpoor  on  the  N.,  Oodeypoor  on 
'the  E.,  and  Myhee  Caunta  on  the  S.  Area,  3200  square 
miles.  It  is  under  British  control.  Capital,  Serohee,  a 
jtown  62  miles  W.  of  Oodeypoor.     Total  pop.  55,000. 

!    Seron,  si-rOn',  a  town  of  Spain,  2S  miles  N.  of  Almeria. 

iPop.  653S.     It  has  iron-mines  in  its  vicinity. 

!    Seroor,  siVoor',  a  military  station  of  British  India,  dis- 

itrict  and  44  miles  N.E.  of  Poonah.     Its  main  street  is  spa- 

bious,  and  lined  with  the  bungalows  of  oflficers,  to  which 

[bandsome  gardens  are  attached. 

\    Seros,  si'ros,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  16  miles 

|5.  of  Lcrida,  on  the  Segro.     Pop.  of  commune,  2827. 

L    Serowitz,  s4.'ro-wits\   or  Zerowicz,  zi'ro-*its\  a 

Itown  of  Bohemia,  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Tabor.     Pop.  2034. 

{    Scrpa^  sfin'pi,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Alemtejo,  near 

jtho  Ouadiana,  17  miles  E.S.E.  of  Beja.     Pop.  5538. 

Serpeisk,  sSr-pisk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and 
53  miles  W.S.W.  of  Kalooga.     Pop.  1936. 

Ser'pent,  a  river  of  Canada,  formed  by  a  chain  of  lakes, 
flows  W.S.W.  for  many  miles,  and  falls  into  the  N.  channel 
t>f  Lake  Huron  W.  of  Spanish  River. 

Serpentaria,  sfiR-pdn-t3,'re-3,,  in  the  Mediterranean, 
m  islet  otF  the  S.E.  coast  of  Sardinia. 

Serpentin,  s6r^p5n-teen'(?),  or  Shat-el-IIie,  shit- 
Bl-hc'A,  a  river  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  branches  off  from  the 
Tigris  in  the  lower  part  of  its  course,  at  Koot-al-Hamarah, 
3ows  S.  for  about  100  miles,  and  joins  the  Euphrates  on  the 
lieft  by  several  mouths,  near  Arja,  about  60  miles  above 
iKorna. 

Ser'pent  Island,  or  Adasi,  a  small  island  of  Rou- 
nania,  in  the  Black  Sea,  about  30  miles  S.E.  of  the  mouth 
)f  the  Danube,  in  lat.  45°  15'  30"  N.,  Ion.  30°  14'  12"  E. 

Serpent  Island,  British  West  Indies,  one  of  the  Vir- 
jin  Islands,  is  off  the  S.  extremity  of  Porto  Rico. 

Serpents,  Isle  of.    See  Isle  of  Seupe.vts. 

Serpez,  a  town  of  Poland.    See  Sierpec. 

Serpho,  Serfo,  sSu'fo,  or  Serphan'to  (anc.  Seri'- 
phos,  or  Seri'jjhits),  an  island  of  the  Grecian  Ai-chipelago, 
24  miles  W.  of  Syra.  Lat  37°  10'  N.;  Ion.  24°  30'  E. 
A.rea,  20  square  miles.  Pop.  600.  From  it  much  fine  iron 
>re  is  shipped. 

Serpho,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Serpho  Poolo,  in  the 
Srecian  Archipelago,  on  its  S.E.  side. 

Serpho  Poolo,  or  Serpho  Pulo,  sSR'fo  poo'lo,  an 
slet  of  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Serpho. 

Serpookhov,  Serpoukhov,  or  Serpuchow,  sSr- 
)Oo-Kov',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  56  miles  S.S.W. 
)f  Moscow,  near  the  confluence  of  the  Nora  and  Serpeika 
¥ith  the  Oka.  Pop.  22,418.  It  consists  of  the  town 
)roper,  the  kreml  or  citadel,  and  a  large  suburb,  and  has  a 
lathedral,  upwards  of  20  other  churches,  a  large  market- 
>lace,  extensive  public  magazines,  and  manufactures  of 
roollen,  cotton,  and  linen  fabrics. 

Serra  Capriola,  sSr'rS,  kl-pre-o'li,  a  town  of  Italy, 
)rovince  of  Foggia,  13  miles  N.W.  of  San  Severe.  Pop, 
(147,     It  has  2  collegiate  churches  and  4  annual  fairs. 

Serra  da  Estrella,  sSr'rJ,  di  6s-tr6ri4,  a  mountain- 
■ange  of  Portugal,  province  of  Beira,  extending  from  S.W. 
jO  N.E.  for  about  75  miles,  and  having  one  peak  which 
•ises  to  8200  feet  in  height. 

Serra  da  Estrella,  sSr'rS.  di  5s-trSl'li,  a  mountain- 
ihain  of  Brazil,  province  of  Rio  de  Janeiro.  Length,  from 
B,  to  W.,  about  18  miles;  average  height,  3400  feet. 

Serra  de  Gerez,  sJr'rJ.  di  zhi'rSz,  a  mountain- 
shain  of  Portugal,  a  branch  of  the  mountains  of  Asturias, 
lituated  between  the  basins  of  the  Douro  and  the  Minbo,  to 
he  W.  of  Montalegre.  It  stretches  about  18  miles  from  N. 
,0  S.,  and  is  generally  composed  of  a  succession  of  lofty 
{ranitic  peaks.  Its  culminating  point,  the  Murro  de  Bura- 
{eiro,  has  a  height  of  4296  feet. 

Serra  de  Monchique,  sSr'rI  d&  mon-shee'ki,  a 
nountain-chain  of  Portugal,  bounding  N.  the  province  of 
Mgarve.  La  Foya,  its  culminating  point,  is  4079  feet  in 
^evation. 

Serra  di  Falco,  sSR'ni  dee  fil'ko,  a  town  of  Sicily, 
19  miles  N.E.  of  Girgenti.     Pop.  6948, 


Serradilla,  La,  li  siR'Ri-Deel'yi,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Estremadura,  province  and  N.  of  Caceres.     Pop.  1650. 

Serra  di  Santo  Stefano,sfiR'ui  dee  sin'to  stdfi-no, 
a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Reggio  di  Calabria,,]  9  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Squillace.  Pop.  3400.  It  has  a  castle,  and  was 
founded  by  the  Normans  in  the  eleventh  century. 

Serra  Itabaianna  (or  Itabayanna),  sin'ni,  c-ti- 
bi-in'ni,  a  mountain  of  Brazil,  the  loftiest  and  most  exten- 
sive in  the  province  of  Sergipe  del  Rey,  It  is  supposed  to 
contain  mines  of  gold. 

Serramanna,  sfiR-nl-mln'ni,  a  village  of  Sardinia,  18 
miles  N.N.W.of  Cagliari.     Pop.  2770. 

Serrana,  sfiR-Ri'ni,  and  Serranilla,s5R-nl-nceryi, 
are  islets  in  the  Caribbean  Sea,  between  lat,  14°  and  16° 
N.,  Ion.  80°  W. 

Serra  Pacarainia,  Brazil.    See  Mount  Pacaraima. 

Serra  San  Bruno,  sdR'ni  sin  broo'no,  a  town  of 
Italy,  province  of  Catanzaro,  20  miles  E.  of  Monteleone, 
Pop.  3630. 

Serrastretta,  s5R-Ri-str6t'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Catanzaro,  5  miles  N.N.E.  of  Nicastro.     Pop.  2823. 

Serravalle,  sSn-Ri-vil'li,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
of  Mantua,  2  miles  N.W.  of  Ostiglia,  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Po.     Pop.  2119. 

Serravalle,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  23  miles  N, 
of  Treviso.  Pop.  5552.  It  has  a  cathedral,  manufactures 
of  wool  and  silk,  and  active  exports  of  corn,  wine,  and 
honey  into  the  Tyrol. 

Serravalle,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Florence,  4 
miles  S.W.  of  Pistoja.     Pop.  of  commune,  5574. 

Serravalle,  a  town  of  Italy,  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Genoa, 
on  an  affluent  of  the  Po.     Pop.  2889. 

Serravalle  di  Sesia,siR-Ri-viriideesi'se-i,  a  town 
of  Italy,  province  of  Novara,  on  the  Sesia,  2i  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Borgo  Sesia,     Pop,  1102, 

Serravezza,  sfiR-rl-vfit'si,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  22  miles  W.  of  Lucca,  with  quarries  of  fine  marble. 
Pop.  of  commune,  8025. 

Serre,  s5r  or  saiR,  a  river  of  France,  departments  of 
Ardennes  and  Aisne,  after  a  W.  course  of  50  miles  joins  the 
Oiso  near  La  Fere. 

Serre,  Le,  lA  sjR'ni,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Sa- 
lerno, near  the  Calore.     Pop.  2779. 

Serrente,  sdu-nSn'ti,  a  village  of  Sardinia,  17  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  21 1 8. 

Serrito,  siu-Ree'to,  or  Jaguarfio,  zhi-gwi-rowN°',  a 
town  of  Brazil,  province  of  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  75  miles 
S.W.  of  the  town  of  Rio  Grande  do  Sul.     Pop.  3000. 

Serro  Frio,  siR'ro  frce'o,  or  Villa  do  Principe, 
veel'li  do  preen'se-pi,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  of  Minas- 
Geracs,  130  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ouro  Preto.     Pop.  4000. 

Scrt,  s6Rt,  or  Iscrd,  e-sfiRd'  (anc.  Tiyranocer'ta),  a 
town  of  Turkish  Armenia,  90  miles  E.  of  Diarbekir,  near 
the  Khaboor. 

Servancc,  sSrVonss',  a  town  of  France,  in  IJaute- 
Saune,  on  the  Oignon,  near  the  Ballon  d'Alsace,  12  miles 
N.E.  of  Lure. 

Servi,  sSr'vcb,  one  of  the  Ionian  Islands,  off  the  S. 
coast  of  the  Morea,  6  miles  N.  of  Cerigo,  4  miles  long. 

Servia,  s§r've-a  (Slavonic,  Serbia,  s4R'be-i;  Ger.  S<:r- 
hien,  s5r'be-(jn  ;  Fr.  Servie,  sfiR'veo' ;  Turk.  Seerb  or  S'/rp  ; 
anc.  Mae'nia  Siqje'rior,  with  a  part  of  Illyr'icum),  a  king- 
dom of  Europe;  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Save,  sep- 
arating it  from  Austria;  on  the  N.  and  N.E.  by  the  Dan- 
ube, separating  it  from  Hungary  and  from  Roumania;  on 
the  E.  by  Bulgaria;  on  the  S.  by  Mounts  Argentaro  or 
Egrisoo,  and  Gliubotin,  forming  a  continuation  of  the 
Balkan,  and  separating  it  from  Macedonia;  on  the  S.W.  by 
Albania;  and  on  the  W.  by  Bosnia,  from  which  it  is  sepa- 
rated towards  the  S.AV.  by  the  Ibar  and  towards  the  N.W. 
by  the  Drin;  lat.  42°  to  45°  N.,  Ion.  19°  20'  to  22°  50'  E.; 
greatest  length,  from  S.E.  to  N.W.,  240  miles;  breadth,  in 
the  S.  about  95  miles,  and  in  the  N. about  160  miles;  area, 
18,787  square  miles.  The  surface  has  a  general  slope  to- 
wards the  N.,  but  is  on  the  whole  very  mountainous,  being 
traversed  by  ramifications  of  three  great  mountain-chains, 
— the  Carpathians  in  the  N.E.,  the  Balkans  in  the  S.E.  ami 
S.,  and  the  Dinario  Alps  in  the  W.  The  summits  are  often 
below  2000  feet,  and  seldom  exceed  3000  feet,  except  on  the 
frontiers,  where  a  height  exceeding  4000  feet  is  attained. 
Many  narrow  and  several  wide  valleys  stretch  between  the 
mountain-ranges;  and  in  the  flatter  parts  of  the  princi- 
pality, particularly  near  the  centre,  along  the  banks  of  the 
Alorava,  and  in  the  N.,  along  the  Save  and  Danube,  con- 
siderable plains  occur. 

The  climate  of  Servia  is  somewhat  rigorous  in  the  more 
mountainous  parts,  and  very  mild  in  the  valleys  and  plains. 


8ER 


2438 


SEV 


In  Rprlng  tbo  trees  put  on  their  leaves  from  the  15th  to  the 
30th  of  April.  Vogotation  is  vigorous,  both  in  the  moun- 
tivinous  districts  and  in  the  lower  grounds,  the  former  being 
generally  covered  with  excellent  timber,  among  which, 
where  the  elevation  is  not  very  great,  the  walnut  is  con- 
spicuous; and  the  latter  being  generally  fertile,  well 
adapted  for  the  ordinary  and  several  of  the  finer  fruits,  for 
the  vine,  for  cotton  in  the  warmest  spots,  and  for  tobacco, 
rice,  maize,  hemp,  flax,  and  the  common  cereals  in  almost 
every  quarter.  Almost  every  branch  of  industry  is  in  a 
backward  state.  The  vino  is  widely  cultivated,  though  but 
indiflTorcnt  wine  is  made.  Timber  of  superior  quality  would 
bo  a  chief  source  of  wealth  if  facilities  were  afforded  for 
its  export.  Millions  of  hogs,  fed  on  acorns  in  the  splendid 
oak  forests,  are  exported  annually,  and  many  cattle,  sheep, 
and  horses  are  reared.  Goat-skins  are  extensively  ex- 
ported. Leeches  and  valonia  are  important  articles  of 
trade.  Iron,  copper,  lead,  mercury,  and  coal  are  met  with, 
but  few,  if  any,  mines  are  wrought.  Manufactures  are  few ; 
the  principal  are  cotton  fabrics. 

Servia  acknowledged  the  supremacy  of  the  Porte  from  1459 
until  1877,  when  its  independence  was  declared.  Before  this 
time  it  had  been  for  fifty  years  under  a  native  Christian 
prince,  and  was  a  tributary  bat  autonomous  state,  several 
times  at  war  with  the  Turks.  The  prince  or  honpodar  in 
1878  assumed  the  title  of  king.  In  1885  the  Servians 
attacked  Bulgaria,  but  were  ignominiously  repulsed.  The 
inhabitants  consist  almost  entirely  of  Serbs,  who  are  of 
the  Slavic  race,  speak  what  is  considered  the  softest  of 
all  the  Slavic  dialects,  have  good  physical  forms,  arc  loss 
remarkable  for  intellect  than  for  firmness,  courajje,  benev- 
olence, and  generosity,  and  are  in  general  ardently  at- 
tached to  the  Greek  church,  which  has  three  archbishoprics 
and  numerous  convents  within   the   kingdom.      Capital, 

Belgrade.     Pop.  1,902,419. Adj.  Servian,  89r've-q.n; 

inhab.  Sektian  or  Serb. 

Servia,  s5r've-&,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in  Mace- 
donia, 17  miles  N.W.  of  Mount  Olympus,  on  the  N.  bound- 
ary of  Thessaly.     It  has  a  large  annual  fair. 

Servian,  slnVe-ftN"'.  a  town  of  France,  in  Hdrault,  8 
miles  N.E.  of  B6ziers.     Pod.  2347. 

Service,  s^r'vls,  a  post-namlet  of  Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  about 
25  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Pittsburg. 

Servinns  Lacus,  Italy.    See  Lake  Iseo.. 

Scrwatty  Islands.    See  Serawatty  Islands. 

Seryah,  a  town  of  India.    See  Kambalia. 

Sesheke,  sA-shi'ki,  a  town  of  South  Africa,  on  a  river 
of  its  own  name.     Lat.  17°  28'  S.;  Ion.  26°  50'  E. 

Sesia,  si'se-i  (anc.  Seasi'tes),  o.  river  of  North  Italy, 
rises  near  Monte  Rosa,  and,  after  a  S.  course  of  86  miles, 
joins  the  Po  5  miles  E.  of  Casale. 

Seskar,  sfis-kan',  or  Sezkyar,  sSs-ke-yan',  an  island 
of  Russia,  in  the  Gulf  of  Finland,  with  a  light-house,  in 
lat.  60°  2'  1"  N.,  Ion.  28°  23'  5"  E. 

Sesma,  sis'm4,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Navarre, 
32  miles  S.W.  of  Pamplona.     Pop.  1388. 

Sessa,  sis'si  (anc.  Suea'sa  Aran'ca),  an  episcopal  city 
of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Capua. 
Pop.  5517.  It  has  numerous  ecclesiastical  edifices  and  be- 
nevolent institutions. 

Sessites,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Sesia. 

Sess'or,  a  township  of  Shawano  co..  Wis.     Pop.  179. 

Ses'snmsville,  a  post-office  of  Oktibbeha  co..  Miss. 

Sestino,  s8s-tee'no  (L.  Sesti'num),  a  village  of  Italy, 
51  miles  E.  of  Florence.     Pop.  2385. 

Sesto,  sSs'to,  a  village  of  Italy,  5  miles  by  railway 
N.W.  of  Florence.     Pop.  4583. 

Sesto,  a  village  of  Italy,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Cremona. 
Pop.  of  commune,  4212. 

Ses'tos,  or  Ces'tos,  a  small  river  of  Liberia,  enters 
the  Atlantic,  in  lat.  5°  30'  N.,  Ion.  9°  35'  W.  Near  its 
mouth  are  the  villages  of  Grand  Sestos  and  Young  Sestos. 

Sesto  San  Giovanni,  sfis'to  sin  jo-vln'nee,  a  village 
of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  5  miles  by  railway  N.N.E.  of  Milan. 
Pop.  2829. 

Sestrabek,  sfis-tri-bfik',  a  village  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment and  17  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Petersburg,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Scstra  in  the  Gulf  of  Finland.  It  was  founded  by 
Peter  the  Great  in  1716,  and  has  a  manufactory  of  arms. 

Sestre  (or  Sisters),  Great  and  Little,  two  contiguous 
villages  of  Liberia,  40  miles  N.W.  of  Cape  Palmas. 

Sestri  a  Levante,  sSs'tree  &  li-vin'ti,  a  maritime 
town  of  North  Italy,  province  and  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Genoa, 
on  the  Gulf  of  Genoa.     Pop.  2157. 

Sestri  a  Ponente,  sCs'tree  k  po-n5n'ti,  a  maritime 
town  of  North  Italy,  4  miles  W.  of  Genoa,  and  having 
many  country  residences  of  its  citizens.    Pop.  9488. 


Sesta,  sfis-too',  a  village  of  the  island  of  SardinU,  6 
miles  N.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  1566. 

Sestum,  the  ancient  name  of  Saracena. 

SoHang',  a  river  of  Burmah,  after  a  S.  course  estimated 
at  260  miles,  enters  the  Gulf  of  Martaban  by  an  cftunrr 
60  miles  in  width.     It  is  encumbered  by  shoals  and  isln 

Sctauket,  se-taw'k^t,  a  post-village  in  Itrookl.i 
township,  Suffolk  co.,   N.Y.,  on  an  inlet  of  Long  1>! , 
Sound,  and  on  the  Smithtown  &  Port  Jefferson  Railroad,  jti 
miles  E.  of  Brooklyn,  and  2i  miles  W.  of  Port  Jefferson. 
It  has  2  churches  and  several  ship-yards. 

Se-Tching,  si-ching',  or  Sce-Tching-Foo,  «4. 
ching-foo',  a  town  of  China,  province  of  Qunng-Seo.  Lat 
24°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  106°  15'  E. 

Se-Tchoo,  or  Sc-Tchoo-Foo,  sA-choo-foo',  writ- 
ten also  Sse-Tcheou-Fou,  a  town  of  China,  province 
of  Quang-Sce,  on  the  border  of  IIoo-Nan.  Near  it  tre 
mines  of  quicksilver. 

Se-Tcnuen,  China.    See  Se-Chuen. 

Scte  Lagoas,  sA'ti  ll-go'ls  ("seven  lakes"),  a  collec- 
tion of  lakes  in  Brazil,  so  called  from  their  number,  on 
the  Serra  da  Melgucira,  province  of  Matto-Grosso,  in  lat. 
13°  S.     They  are  the  sources  of  the  Paraguay. 

Setcnil  de  las  Bodegas,  si-ti-necl'  d4  lis  bo-nl'- 
g&s,  a  town  of  Spain,  72  miles  N.E.  of  Cadiz.     Pop.  23-10. 

Setif,  si-tcef*  (anc.  Sltijisf),  a  town  of  Algeria,  pror- 
ince  and  79  miles  W.S.W.  of  Constantine.     Pop.  4074. 

Setium  Promontorium,  an  ancient  name  of  Cette. 

Sctledge,  or  Setlcj,  India.    See  Sutlej. 

Setonda,  sA-ton'd4,  an  islet  of  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
off"  the  N.  coast  of  Sumbawa. 

Setta,  s5t't4,  a  town  of  Dahomey,  30  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Abomey.     It  is  surrounded  by  a  clay  wall.     Pop.  9000. 

Settala,  sit-ti'll  (anc.  Septara  f),  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  9  miles  E.  of  Milan.     Pop.  1366. 

Settefrati,  sfit-ti-fri'tee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Caserta,  13  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sora.     Pop.  2248. 

Settia,  a  town  of  Crete.     See  Sitia. 

Settiino,  s5t'te-mo,  a  village  of  Sardinia,  7  miles  N.E. 
of  Cagliari.     Pop.  1505. 

Settimo  Torinese,  sJt'te-mo  to-re-ni's4,  a  village  of 
Italy,  in  Piedmont,  6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Turin.     Pop.  2585. 

Settimo  Vittone,  sit'te-mo  vit-to'n4,  a  village  of 
Italy,  province  of  Turin,  6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ivrea,  on  the 
Dora  Baltea.     Pop.  1570. 

Scttingiano,  s5t-tin-jA'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  4  miles  W.  of  Catanzaro.     Pop.  1585. 

Settle,  sSt'tfl,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West 
Riding,  on  the  Ribble,  37  miles  W.N.W.  of  Leeds.  It 
stands  at  the  foot  of  a  height  termed  Castleberg  Cliff,  and 
has  a  noted  grammar-school  and  a  museum.  Pop.  of  town- 
ship, 2163. 

Settle,  set't^l,  a  post-hamlet  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C.,  18 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Statesvillc.     It  has  a  tobacco-factory. 

Sett'ler,  a  township  of  Sioux  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  119. 

Settle's  Station,  a  post-oflRco  of  Platte  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of 
Platte  City. 

Settoor,  a  town  of  India.    See  Satoor. 

Setubal,  si-too'bil,  Setuval,  si-too'vjl,  or  Saint 
Ubes,  ubz,  a  seaport  city  of  Portugal,  in  Estreniadum,  on 
the  N.  side  of  the  Bay  of  Setubal,  18  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of 
Lisbon.  Lat.  38°  29'  N. ;  Ion.  8°  53'  AV.  Pop.  12,728.  It 
is  enclosed  by  walls,  defended  by  a  castle,  and  has  several 
churches  and  hospitals,  2  Latin  schools,  a  justice  hall, 
broad  quays,  a  convenient  harbor,  and  a  trade  in  muscadcl 
and  white  wines  of  the  vicinity,  cork  bark,  oranges,  lemons, 
and  salt.  It  has  an  active  pilchard-fishery,  and  a  large 
fair  in  July. 

Setzdorf,  sSts'donf,  a  village  of  Austrian  Silesia,  about 
25  miles  from  Zuckmantel.    Pop.  1810. 

Setzler's  Store,  Pa.    See  Lawrenceville. 

Seudre,  sud'r,  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  the  S.W.  ol 
Charente-Inf^rieure,  flows  N.N.W.,  nnd  falls  into  tli«  At- 
lantic opposite  the  Isle  of  016ron.     Length,  50  miles. 

Seugne,  sun,  a  river  of  France,  in  Charente-Inf6rieure, 
joins  the  Charente  near  Saintes,  after  a  N.  course  of  40 
miles  past  Jonzac  and  Pons. 

Se-UI  or  S6-Oul,  Corea.    See  King-Ki-Tao. 

Seurre,  sun,  a  town  of  France,  in  Cote-d'Or,  on  tbo 
SaOne,  13  miles  E.S.E.  of  Beaunc.  Pop.  2514.  It  has 
manufactures  of  cutlery,  nails,  oil,  ropes,  Ac. 

Sevan,  Russian  Armenia.    See  GoKTScnE-DE^rcnrs. 

Sevastopol,  or  Sebastopol,s5v*as-to'p9l  (Gr.S^pa*- 
TOTToAts,  Sehagtop'olia),  a  town  of  Russia,  once  the  principal 
naval  station  of  the  Russian  fleet  in  the  Black  Sea,  situated 
near  the  S.  extremity  of  the  Crimea,  on  the  N.  side  of  a  point 


SEV 


2439 


SEV 


of  land  extending  W.  about  10  miles.  Lat.  44°  37'  N. ;  Ion. 
38°29'E.  It  is  the  terminus  of  a  line  of  railway.  The  view 
of  the  town,  as  seen  from  the  land  side,  is  very  striking; 
it  is  built  on  the  northern  and  eastern  slope  of  an  eminence 
on  the  S.  side  of  a  bay  which  extends  into  the  land  3  or  4 
miles,  with  a  breadth  of  from  800  to  1500  yards,  and  10  or 
12  fathoms  deep,  although  in  its  upper  part  it  has  only  4  or 
5  fathoms.  This  bay  is  completely  protected  from  all  wind, 
and  has  no  shoals.  Immediately  within  the  entrance  it 
widens  considerably ;  it  is  divided  into  several  branches  or 
small  bays,  called  by  different  names,  as  Artillery  Bay,  <tc. 
On  the  W.  side  of  the  harbor  is  the  principal  part  of  the 
town.  Here  were  the  admiralty  and  some  other  public 
buildings,  while  the  hospitals,  arsenals,  dock-yards,  mag- 
azines, barracks,  Ac,  were  on  the  E.  side.  The  principal 
street  runs  along  the  inner  harbor,  and  is  lined  with  sub- 
stantial houses.  The  town  was  captured  after  a  long  siege 
in  1855  by  the  allied  English,  French,  Italian,  and  Turkish 
armies ;  and  by  the  terms  of  the  treaty  of  peace,  Russia  was 
not  permitted  to  fortify  the  town  or  to  use  it  as  a  naval  sta- 
tion. Previous  to  this  time  it  was  strongly  fortified.  Pop.  at 
the  time  of  the  siege,  47,000,  chiefly  military  and  naval ;  in 
1886,  26,133.  Sevastopol,  or  a  town  occupying  its  site,  is 
said  to  have  been  founded  by  the  Milesians  many  centuries 
before  the  Christian  era.  It  probably  received  the  name 
of  Sebastopolis  in  the  time  of  the  Byzantine  emperors,  the 
appellation  Aitgushis  (in  Greek,  ScjSacrTos)  being  often  given 
as  an  honorary  title  to  the  Roman  and  Byzantine  emperors. 
In  modern  times  the  place  was  a  petty  Tartar  village,  called 
Akhtiar,  when  it  came  into  possession  of  the  Russians  in 
1783.  The  advantages  which  this  site  afforded  for  a  for- 
tress were  early  perceived  by  Catherine  II.,  and  in  1786 
she  commenced  the  fortifications. 

Sev^asto'pol  (incorrectly,  se-vas'to-pol),  a  post-hamlet 
of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.,  about  34  miles  N.N.E.  of  Logans- 
port.     It  has  a  church. 

Sevastopol,  a  station  and  hamlet  of  Eaton  co,,  Mich., 
on  the  Chicago  &  Lake  Huron  Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of 
Lansing.     Here  is  West  Windsor  Post-Office. 

Sevastopol,  a  village  of  Muskegon  co.,  Mich.,  on 
Lake  Michigan,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Muskegon  River, 
about  8  miles  AV.  of  the  city  of  Muskegon. 

Sevastopol,  a  post-township  of  Door  co.,  Wis.,  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  Lake  Michigan,  and  on  the  AV,  by 
Sturgeon  Bay.     Pop.  865. 

Sevellan,  siVSl-lln',  Savelan,  slV^h-lJn',  or  Sa- 
valan,  s3,Wi-14n',  the  principal  mountain-summit  in  the 
E.  part  of  Azerbaijan,  20  miles  W.  of  Ardabeel.  Estimated 
height,  13,000  feet.     It  is  apparently  an  extinct  volcano. 

Seven  Brothers,  Hayti.    See  SEpr-FRfenES. 

Sev'en  Fount'ains,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shenandoah 
CO.,  Va.,  6  miles  from  Woodstock. 

Seven  Guns,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  Ky.,  20  miles 
E.  of  Shawneetown.     It  has  2  churches. 

Seven  Hickory,  Coles  co..  111.    See  Hickory. 

Seven  Hunters.    See  Flannen  Islands. 

Seven  Islands,  a  group  of  small  islands  off  the  const 
of  Alaska,  Lat.  56°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  156°  20'  W.  The  prin- 
cipal islands  of  the  group  are  Agayak,  Foggy,  and  South. 

Seven  Islands,  a  cluster  in  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
near  the  E.  coast  of  Banca,  from  which  they  .are  separated 
by  a  navigable  canal.     Lat.  1°  8'  S. ;  Ion.  105°  24'  E. 

Seven  Islands,  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  off  the 
N.AV.  coast  of  Oclebes,  about  lat.  0°  33'  N.,  Ion.  119° 
40' E. 

Seven  Islands,  France.    See  Sept-Isles. 

Seven  Islands,  in  Lapland,  on  the  N.  coast.  Lat. 
68°  46'  N. ;  Ion.  37°  20'  E. 

Seven  Islands,  a  group  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence, 
In  the  province  of  Quebec,  opposite  the  entrance  of  Seven 
Islands  Bay. 

Seven  Islands,  a  post-village  of  Butts  co.,  Ga.,  16 
miles  N.  of  Forsyth.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
8aw-mill. 

Seven  Islands,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fluvanna  co.,  Va., 
on  the  James  River,  71  miles  above  Richmond, 

Seven  Mile,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
VTestern  Railroad  of  Alabama,  7  miles  E.  of  Montgomery. 

Seven  Mile,  a  post-village  in  AVayne  township,  Butler 
CO.,  0.,  on  Seven  Mile  Creek,  and  on  the  Cincinnati,  Rich- 
mond <fc  Chicago  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Hamilton.  It  has 
an  academy,  3  churches,  and  2  flouring-mills.     Pop.  229. 

Seven  Mile  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  in  Preble  co.,  runs 
southward,  and  enters  the  Miami  River  in  Butler  co.,  about 
2  miles  above  Hamilton. 

Seven  Mile  Creek,  a  township  of  Juneau  co..  Wis. 
Pop.  796. 


Seven  Mile  Ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smyth  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Middle  Fork  of  the  Holston  River,  and  on  the  At- 
lantic, Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad,  10  miles  AV.  of  Marion. 
It  has  2  stores. 

Seven  Mountains,  Pennsylvania,  a  series  of  eleva- 
tions or  mountains,  situated  on  the  S.AA^.  corner  of  Mifflin 
CO.,  dividing  it  from  Centre  co. 

Sev^enoaks',  a  town  of  England,  in  Kent,  on  a  ridgo 
of  hills,  at  a  railway  junction,  22  miles  S.E.  of  London.  It 
has  a  spacious  church,  and  a  grammar-school  founded  in 
the  fifteenth  century.     Pop.  4118. 

Seven  Oaks,  a  post-oflSce  of  Hemphill  co.,  Texas. 

Seven  Points,  a  post-village  of  Northumberland  co.. 
Pa.,  in  Lower  Augusta  township,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Sunbury. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  coach-factory.  Seven  roads  meet  hero. 

Seven  Rivers,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co..  New  Mexico, 

Seven  Rivers,  a  post-office  of  El  Paso  co.,  Texas. 

Seven  Stars,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co..  Pa.,  4  miles 
AV.  of  Gettysburg. 

Sev'enty- Eight,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa,  9 
miles  S.  of  Iowa  City. 

Seventy-First,  a  township  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  3236. 

Seventy-Six,  township,  Muscatine  co.,  Iowa.     P.  849. 

Seventy-Six,  a  township  of  AVashington  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  914. 

Seventy-Six,  a  post-office  of  Clinton  co.,  Ky.,  6  miles 
N.  of  Albany.     Here  is  a  grist-mill. 

Seventy-Six,  a  post-office  of  Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  on  Rao- 
coon  Creek.    See  Independence. 

Seven  Valleys,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Northern  Central  Railroad,  at  Smyser's  Station,  10  miles  S. 
of  York.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  Ac. 

S6verak,  siM'eh-rS,k',  a  town  of  France,  in  Aveyron, 
24  miles  E.  of  Rodez.     Pop.  1247. 

Sev'erance,  a  post-village  in  Wolf  River  township, 
Doniphan  co.,  Kansas,  on  AVolf  River,  and  on  the  St.  Joseph 
&  Denver  City  Railroad,  25  miles  AV.  of  St.  Joseph,  Mo.  It 
has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Severance,  a  township  of  Sibley  co.,  Minn.  Pop.  258. 

Severck,  sd-veh-r6k',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  42 
miles  N.E.  of  Diarbekir,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Euphrates. 

Severin,  si-v4-reen',  or  Turnu  Severin,  toor-noo' 
si-vi-reen',  a  town  of  Roumania,  on  a  railway,  and  on  the 
Danube,  nearly  opposite  Gladova.     Pop.  5000. 

Sev'ern  (anc.  Sabri'na),  one  of  the  principal  rivers  of 
England  and  AVales,  rises  in  a  small  lake  in  Montgomery- 
shire, flows  N.E.  until  it  enters  England,  and  then  succes- 
sively S.E.  and  S.AA'.  to  its  expansion  into  the  Bristol  Chan- 
nel, 12  miles  S.AV.  of  Bristol.  Total  length,  210  miles. 
The  principal  affluents  are  the  Terne,  the  Upper  and  Lower 
Avon,  the  Leyden,  the  Chilt,  and  the  Frome  from  the  E., 
and  the  Terne,  the  AVye,  the  Usk,  and  the  Taff  from  the  AV., 
many  of  which  flow  into  its  estuary.  It  traverses  a  very 
fertile  country,  and  is  navigable  from  the  sea  to  AVelshpool, 
180  miles.  From  AVelshpool  to  Newtown  its  navigation  is 
continued  by  the  Montgomery  Canal,  and  other  canals  con- 
nect it  with  the  Thames,  the  Trent,  the  Mersey,  and  most 
rivers  of  Central  England.  The  tide,  here  termed  the  eagre 
or  bore,  rushes  into  the  Severn  with  such  violence  that  the 
stream  sometimes  rises  suddenly  9  feet  in  height  at  Glouces- 
ter, and  extensive  embankments  have  accordingly  been 
formed  below  that  city.  The  tide  is  perceptible  in  the  Sev- 
ern 120  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Sev'ern,  a  river  of  Ontario,  discharges  the  surplus 
waters  of  Lake  Siracoe  N.AV.  into  Georgian  Bay  and  Lake 
Huron.     Length,  about  20  miles. 

Severn,  a  river  in  the  N.AV.  part  of  Canada,  flows 
through  Severn  Lake,  and  enters  Hudson  Bay  on  its  S.AV. 
side,  after  a  N.E.  course  of  about  350  miles. 

Severn,  or  Dumaresque,  doo-ma-resk',  a  river  of 
Australia,  joins  the  Darling  in  lat.  28°  40'  S.,  Ion.  160°  E. 

Sev'ern,  a  short  river  of  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md.,  runs 
southeastward,  and  enters  Chesapeake  Bay  about  3  miles 
below  Annapolis,  which  is  on  this  river. 

Severn,  a  station  in  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Potomac  Railroad,  15  miles  S.  by  AV.  of  Bal- 
timore. 

Severndroog,  sSv'^rn-droog',  a  small  rocky  island  in 
the  Indian  Ocean,  on  the  coast  of  India.  Lat.  17°  46'  N.: 
Ion.  73°  15'  E. 

Severndroog,  a  hill-fort  of  India.    See  Savindroog. 

Sevier,  sev-eer',  a  county  in  the  S.AV.  part  of  Arkan- 
sas, has  an  area  of  about  750  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  S.AV.  by  Little  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Roll- 
ing Fork  and  the  Cossatot  (or  Cossitot)  River.  The  surface 
is  partly  hilly  and  partly  undulating,  and  is  extensively 


•SBV 


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eovorod  with  forests  of  the  hiokory,  oak,  pine,  osage  orange, 
and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  luaise,  and  i>ork 
are  the  ytnple  products.  Cretaceous  limestone,  roofing-slate, 
and  lead  (giilena)  are  found  in  this  county.  Capital,  Kockea- 
burg.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  entate,  $I,0UG,0o2. 
Pop.  in  187U,  4492;  in  1S80,  (UV2. 

Sevier^  a  county  of  East  Tennessee,  bordering  on  North 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  450  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  tho  French  Broad  River,  and  also  drained  by 
Little  Pigeon  Uivor.  Tho  surface  is  mountainous,  and 
mostly  covered  with  forests  of  tho  oak,  hickory,  i)ine, 
chestnut,  walnut,  8ugar-ma])lo,  <(c.  The  soil  of  the  valleys 
is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  grass,  cattlo,  and  pork  are 
tho  sUvple  products.  Limestone  is  abundant  hero.  Capi- 
tal, Sevierville.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate, 
$2,721,058.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,028,  of  whom  11,021  were 
Americans;  in  1880,  15,541. 

Sevier*  a  large  county  of  Utah,  borders  on  Colorado. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Grand,  Green,  and  Sevier  Rivers. 
It  is  traversed  by  the  Wahsatch  Mountains,  and  contains 
extensive  table-lands,  or  arid  plains,  covered  with  sage 
(Artemitin).  The  soil  requires  irrigation  to  render  it 
fertile.  The  Sevier  River  runs  through  a  long  narrow 
valley,  in  which  timber  is  scarce.  Capital,  Riob&old.  Pop. 
in  1870,  19,  all  foreigners;  in  1880,  4457. 

Sevier  Lake,  a  lake  of  Millard  co.,  Utah,  125  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Salt  Lake  City.  Its  chief  affluent  is  the  Sevier 
River,  and  it  has  no  outlet.  Its  waters  are  very  salt,  and 
only  brine-shrimps  and  insect  larva)  can  inhabit  it.  It  is 
over  20  miles  long  from  N.  to  S.,  but  is  subject  to  consider- 
able variations  in  elevation  and  dimensions.  Area,  about 
150  square  miles.     Elevation,  1600  feet. 

Sevier  River,  Utah,  rises  in  Iron  co.,  and  runs  nearly 
northward  through  Pi  Utc  and  Sevier  cos.  It  turns  to  the 
left,  runs  westward,  and  finally  southwestward,  in  Millard 
CO.,  where  it  enters  Sevier  Lake.    It  is  200  miles  long. 

Sevierville,  sev-eor'vll,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Sevier 
CO.,  Tenn.,  on  tho  Little  Pigeon  River,  about  30  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Knoxvillo.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  300. 

S6vignac,  si^veen'yik',  a  village  of  France,  in  Cfltcs- 
du-Nord,  arrondissemcat  of  Dinan.  Pop.  of  commune, 
3067. 

Sevilan,  Mount,  Persia.    See  Sevellax. 

Seville,  sfiv'il  or  se-vill'  (Sp.  Sevilla,  si-veel'yi;  It. 
SeviijHa,  si-veel'yi  ;  Fr.  SSoille,  siVeel' ;  the  Jlispalis  of 
the  Romans),  a  city  of  Spain  (of  which  it  was  tho  capital 
during  a  part  of  the  Gothic  dynasty),  the  capital  of  a  prov- 
ince, at  a  railway  junction,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Guadal- 
quivir, here  crossed  by  a  bridge  of  boats  communicating 
■with  its  suburb  Triana,  about  60  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cadiz. 
Lat.  (La  Giralda)  37°  22'  44"  N. ;  Ion.  6°  0'  59"  W.  Pop. 
118,888.  It  is  surrounded  by  Moorish  walls  about  5  miles  in 
circuit,  having  gates  and  towers,  and  tho  ramparts  forming 
public  walks  ;  its  interior  has  almost  wholly  an  Oriental 
appearance.  The  cathedral,  a  structure  of  the  fourteenth 
and  fifteenth  centuries,  occupies  the  site  of  a  mosque :  it 
is  400  feet  in  length  by  269  feet  in  breadth,  and  has  a  square 
tower,  337  feet  in  height,  surmounted  by  a  colossal  bronze 
Statue  of  Faith.  The  interior  is  still  richly  adorned,  though 
many  of  its  treasures  were  removed  by  the  French,  and  it 
has  numerous  chapels,  pictures  by  Murillo  and  other  great 
artists,  organs,  and  the  tomb  in  which  the  remains  of  Co- 
lumbus were  first  deposited.  Around  this  edifice  are  the 
archbishop's  palace,  tho  chapter-house,  tho  alcazar,  and  the 
exchange,  in  which  are  tho  archives  of  Spanish  America. 
The  alcazar,  a  royal  palace  and  gardens  constructed  in  imi- 
tation of  the  Alhambra  at  Granada,  contains  tho  "Court  of 
Lions,"  hall  of  ambassadors,  royal  apartments,  with  many 
fine  paintings,  and  dwellings  which  are  let  out  to  private  in- 
dividuals or  for  lodging-houses.  Before  the  French  revolu- 
tionary invasion  the  city  is  reported  to  have  contained  140 
parish  churches,  besides  numerous  convents,  most  of  which 
are  now  converted  to  other  purposes.  Other  principal  build- 
ings are  29  monasteries,  35  convents,  11  hospitals,  the  city 
hall,  barracks,  prisons,  theatres,  the  cannon-foundry,  ar- 
senal, and  in  tho  centre  of  the  city  the  bull-ring,  capable 
of  containing  14,000  spectators.  The  Torre  d'Oro  is  an  oc- 
tagonal tower,  probably  of  Roman  construction  ;  a  Roman 
aqueduct  still  conveys  water  to  the  city  from  Alcald  ;  and 
here  are  other  remains  of  classical  antiquity.  On  one  side  is 
the  Quemadero,  or  "  burning-place  of  the  Inquisition,"  near 
which  are  a  large  cemetery  and  the  English  burying-ground. 
The  suburb  Triana,  beyond  the  river,  is  inhabited  chiefly 
by  gypsies  and  smugglers,  and  near  it  is  a  Moorish  dam 
erected  to  prevent  tho  effects  of  inundations,  to  which  the 
lower  parts  of  the  city  are  liable.  Seville  is  the  residence 
of  a  captain -general  and  tho  seat  of  a  royal  audiencia  and 


of  a  university  establishment  in  what  was  formerly  a  Jmuit 
college,  and  in  which  and  in  tho  city  museum  are  many 
paintings.     It  has  a  lyceum  and  other  public  schoult,  vari- 
ous scientific  associations,  m:inul'acturcsof  silks,  woollen  nod 
linen  cloths,  hats,  combs,  sonp,  and  eaitliuinvarcs.  leuthvr- 
facturics,  a  government  foundry  of  bronze  and  brass  «■< 
nance,  muskets,  and  gunpowder,  an  active  ti.shcry  in 
river,  a  coasting-trade,  and  exports  of  oranges,  olivG!<, 
oil,  extensively  raised  in  tho  vicinity.     The  royal  tobi 
and  cigar-factory  employs  3000  hands,  chielly  females. 
Guadalquivir  is  navigable  up  to  the  city  for  vcs-sels  of  : 
tons'  burden;  ships  drawing  more  than  10  feet  of  water 
load  and  unload  8  miles  below  the  city.     Tlie  chief  iuifuiiis 
are  manufactured  goods  from  England,  hides,  hemp,  ;. 
flax  from  tho  Baltic,  iron  from  Bilbao,  and  colonial  priM 
from  Cuba,  <tc.     'The  Goths  removed  their  capital  from  . 
ville  to  Toledo  in  the  sixth  century.     The  city  was  laUtu 
by  the  Moors  in  711,  and  by  Frederick  II.  in  1247,  niter 
which,  until  the  time  of  Philip  V.,  it  was  the  chief  resi- 
dence of  the  Spanish  uionarchs.     Tho  French  took  it  in 
1810,  and  again  in  1823.     A  few  miles  distant,  on  the  W., 
is  the  village  of  Santa  Ponce,  the  ancient  Ilitliva,  tho  birth- 
place of  tho  emperors  Trajan,  Hadrian,  and  Theoduaius 
the  Great,  and  where  are  the  remains  of  a  Roman  aniplii- 
theutre  and  other  vestiges  of  antiquity.    Santa  Ponce  and 

Triana  are  the  seats  of  large  annual  fairs. Adj.  and 

inhab.    Seviliax,    se-vil'yun    (Sp.  Sevillano,    sA-vccI- 
yi'no). 

Seville,  a  province  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia.  Area,  5295 
squ.are  miles.  It  consists  in  part  of  a  great  plain,  traversed 
by  the  Guadalquivir;  but  in  the  N.  is  the  Sierra  Morena, 
and  in  the  S.  the  Sierra  Ronda.  Agriculture  and  manu- 
factures are  leading  industries,  and  the  mineral  wealth  is 
great.     Capital,  Seville.     Pop.  515,011. 

Seville,  se-vil'  or  sce'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co., 
III.,  on  Spoon  River,  and  on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw 
Railroad,  47  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Peoria.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Seville,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Gratiot  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  Chicago,  Saginaw  &  Canada  Railroad,  8i  miles  W. 
of  St.  Louis.  It  has  a  lumber-mill  and  pine  forests.  Pop. 
of  township,  1216. 

Seville,  a  post-village  in  Guilford  township,  Medina 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Cleveland,  Tuscarawas  Valley  &  Wheelin;^ 
Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Medina,  and  27  miles  N.W.  of  Ma»- 
sillon.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  2  banking- 
houses,  a  union  school,  a  foundry,  a  machine-shop,  and  a 
planing-mill.     Pop.  597. 

Seville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co,,  Va.,  on  the  Rap- 
idan  River,  18  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Orange  Court-llouse.  It 
has  a  flour-mill  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Scvinus  Lacus,  the  ancient  name  of  Lake  Isko. 

Sevre-Nantaise,  s4vr-n6x<'Hiz',  a  river  of  Friinec, 
rises  in  Deux-Sevres,  flows  N.W.,  and  enters  tho  Loire 
opposite  Nantes.     Length,  70  miles. 

S^vre-Niortaise,  s4vr-ne-0RHiz',  a  river  of  France, 
rises  in  Deux-Sevres,  passes  Niort,  and  enters  tho  Pcrtuii 
Br6ton  (Bay  of  Biscay).     Length,  65  miles. 

Sevres,  sivr,  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-et-Oise,  4  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Versailles,  on  the  railway  to  Paris.  Pop.  6512. 
It  is  celebrated  for  tho  great  national  manufacture  of  por- 
celain. It  has  also  a  ceramic  museum,  distilleries,  nur- 
series, print-works,  Ac. 

Sevres,  Deux,  Franco.    See  Deux-Sevres. 

Sevri  Hissar,  siv'ree  his'sar',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Tur- 
key, 66  miles  E.N.E.  of  Kutaieh. 

Sevri  Hissar,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  near  the 
Gulf  of  Scala  Nova,  22  miles  S.W.  of  Smyrna. 

Sevri  Hissar,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor,  73  miles  S.W. 
of  Angora.  Near  it  aro  remains  supposed  to  be  those  of 
the  ancient  Peasinus. 

Sevsk,  or  Sewsk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Sievsk. 

Sewa,  Celebes.     See  Boxi. 

Sewaiik  (se-wi'llk)  Mountains,  a  low  but  extcneive 
range  of  mountains  in  India,  on  the  N.E.  jilain  of  SirhinJ 
and  that  of  tho  Doab,  between  the  Jumna  and  the  Ganges. 
They  extend  from  Ilurdwar  to  Ropur,  from  S.E.  to  N.W., 
150  miles  in  length.  Bonos  of  largo  fossil  mammalia  of 
the  tertiary  epoch  aro  found  near  these  hills. 

Sewall's  Point,  Virginia.    Sec  Sewell's  Poi.nt. 

Sewan,  a  town  of  India.    See  Aligu.nck. 

Sewan,  Russian  Armenia.     See  Gokt-sche-Drxgihs. 

Sewanee,  se-wah'nce,  a  post-village  and  summer  re- 
sort of  Franklin  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Tennessee  Coal  <t  Rail 
read  Company's  Railroad,  about  90  miles  S.S.E.  of  Nash- 
ville. Its  site  is  an  elevated  plateau  or  table-land  nearly 
2000  feet  above  the  sea.  It  contains  2  Episcopal  churches 
and  tho  University  of  th<  South  (Episcopalian),  which  wM 


SEW 


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organized  in  1868  and  has  a  domain  of  10,000  acres  of 
land.  It  is  a  largo  and  flourisliing  institution.  Mineral 
springs  are  found  on  the  domain  of  the  university. 

Sew'ard,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an 
I  area  of  about  650  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Cimarron  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  level,  and 
1  nearly  destitute  of  forests. 

i     Seward,  a  county  in  the  S.B.  part  of  Nebraska,  has 
ian  area  of  676  square  miles.     It  is  drained  by  the  Big  Blue 
]  River  and  its  North,  Middle,  and  West  Forks.     The  North 
iPork  unites  with  the  Middle  Fork  near  the  centre  of  the 
joounty.     The  surface  is  undulating,  and  diversified  with 
prairies  and  groves,  the  former  of  which  are  more  extensive 
than  the  latter.     The  soil  is  calcareous  and  fertile.     Wheat, 
(Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products, 
lit  is  traversed  by  the  Nebraska  Railroad.     Capital,  Seward. 
IValuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $295,507.     Pop.  in 
jl870,  2953;  in  1876,  6875:  in  1880,  11,147. 
Seward,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ga. 
Seward,  a  township  of  Kendall  co..  111.     Pop.  944. 
\    Seward,  a  township  of  Winnebago  co..  111.     Pop.  997. 
I     Seward,  a  township  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.     P.  1353. 
i    Seward,  a  post-office  of  Barton  co.,  Kansas. 

Seward,  a  post-township  of  Nobles  co.,  Minn.    P.  184. 
[    SeAVard,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Seward  co..  Neb.,  on 
Big  Blue  River,  and  on  the  Nebraska  Railroad,  25  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Lincoln.     It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  a 
[newspaper  office,  a  bank,  <fee.     Pop,  in  1880,  1525. 
\    Seward,  a  post-village  In  Seward  township,  Schoharie 
BO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  railroad  between  Cobleskill  and  Cherry 
palley,  5  miles  S.  of  Sharon  Springs,  and  54  miles  W.  of 
lAlbany.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1772. 
i    Seward,  Mount,  New  York.    See  Mount  Seward. 
Sfew'ardstone,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Essex. 
I    Sewee,  a  town  of  Afghanistan.    See  Sebee. 
I    Se'wee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Meigs  co.,  Tenn.,  12  miles 
Tom  Athens.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 
Sew'ell  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  W.  Va., 
m  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio   Railroad,  56   miles   S.E.  of 
Charleston.     It  has  a  saw-mill  and  2  stores.     Pop.  400. 

Sewell's  (or  Sewall's)  Point,  Virginia,  is  on  the 
!.  side  of  Hampton  Roads,  about  4  miles  S.  of  Fortress 
tlonroe. 

Sew'ellsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  28 
ailes  W.  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va.  It  htis  2  churches.  Pop.  84. 
Sewickley,  se-wik'le,  a  post-borough  of  Alleghany 
0.,  Pa.,  in  Sewickley  township,  on  the  N.  b.ank  of  the  Ohio 
liver,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Rail- 
oad,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Pittsburg.  Its  site  is  a  plain  90 
Bet  above  low  water  and  bordered  by  beautiful  hills.  It 
ontains  many  handsome  villas,  an  academy,  and  7  churches, 
t  has  gas-works  and  water-works.  Pop.  in  1880,2053; 
if  Sewickley  township,  additional,  392. 

Sewickley,  township,  AVestmoreland  co..  Pa.  P.  3457. 
I  Sewistan,  or  Sewestan,  se-wis-tin',  a  province  of 
Afghanistan,  mostly  between  lat.  29°  30'  and  30°  30'  N., 
\<n.  67°  and  70°  E.,  having  S.  the  Beloochee  province  of 
utch  Gundava,  E.  the  Suleiman  Mountains,  separating  it 
om  British  India,  and  W.  the  Bolan  and  Pisheen  Valleys, 
om  which  it  is  also  separated  by  high  mountains.  It  is  a 
vt,  dry  plain  of  hardened  clay,  fertile  only  near  its  few 
vers,  and  crossed  by  the  route  from  Dera  Ghazee  Khan  to 
indahar. 

Sewonee,  a  town  of  India.    See  Seonee. 
Sexi,  the  ancient  name  of  AlmuSecar. 
Sex'son,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co..  111.,  about  5  miles 
E.  of  Windsor  Station.     It  has  a  church. 
Sextise  Aquae,  a  city  of  France.    See  Aix. 
Sex'ton,  a  post-office  of  Sabine  co.,  Texas. 
Sex'ton's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Ky. 
Sex'tonville,  a  post-village  of  Richland  co.,  Wis.,  on 

0  railroad  between  Richland  Centre  and  Lone  Rock,  and 

1  Willow  Creek,  about  54  miles  W.N.W.  of  Madison.  It 
IS  2  churches,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  flour-mill. 
Seybo,  si 'bo,  a  town  of  Santo  Domingo,  on  a  river,  55 
lies  N.E.  of  the  city  of  Santo  Domingo.  Pop.  5000. 
Seychelles,  si'shell',  a  group  of  islands  in  the  Indian 
!can,  between  lat.  3°  30'  and  5°  45'  S.  and  Ion.  55°  20' 
d  56°  20'  E.  They  consist  of  30  small  islands  in  4  groups: 

Mah6,  with  Ste.  Anno,  Cerf,  and  several  smaller  islands  ; 

Silhouette;  3.  Praslin,  Curiouse,  Ac;  4.  Denis,  Fr6- 
te,  Ac.  Mah6,  the  largest  island,  is  16  miles  long  and  4 
lea  broad  ;  it  is  mountainous,  but  fertile.  The  chief  town 
Port  Victoria,  on  the  E,  coast,  with  a  garrison.  The  Sey- 
elles  were  first  partially  explored  by  M.  Lazarus  Picault 

1743,  about  which  time  a  few  settlers  of  French  origin 
ublished  themselves  on  Mahe ;  but  in  1794  the  British 
154 


took  possession  of  the  islands,  and  at  the  peace  of  1814  they 
became  a  dependency  of  Mauritius.     Pop.  11,082. 

Seyer  (si'§r)  Isles,  a  cluster  lying  ofi"  the  W.  coast  of 
the  Malay  Peninsula,  lat.  8°  41'  N.,  Ion.  97°  36'  E.  The 
largest  is  5  miles  long. 

Seyeroe,  si'^h-rd^^h,  an  island  of  Denmark,  7  miles 
N.W.  of  Seeland.     Length,  7  miles  ;  breadth,  1  mile. 

Seymour,  see'm^r,  a  post-village  in  Seymour  township, 
New  Haven  co..  Conn.,  on  Naugatuck  River  and  the  Nauga- 
tuck  Railroad,  19  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bridgeport,  and  11  miles 
N.W.  of  New  Haven.  It  has  a  high  school,  a  newspaper 
office,  4  churches,  and  manufactures  of  coffins,  hardware, 
paper,  and  woollen  goods.  P.  ( 1 880 )  1825 ;  of  township,  2318. 

Seymour,  a  post-village  in  Scott  township,  Champaign 
CO.,  III.,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  &  Western  Rail- 
road, 9i  miles  W.  of  Champaign.     It  has  several  stores. 

Seymour,  a  city  of  Jackson  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio  <k 
Mississippi  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Jefferson ville, 
Madison  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  87  miles  W.  of  Cincin- 
nati, 18  miles  S.  of  Columbus,  and  51  miles  N.  of  Louis- 
ville, Ky.  It  contains  a  national  bank,  2  or  3  newspaper 
offices,  and  10  churches.  It  is  the  most  populous  place  in 
the  county.  It  has  also  a  public  school-house  which  cost 
$30,000,  a  woollen-mill,  a  planing-mill,  and  manufactures  of 
flour,  staves,  hubs,  spokes,  Ac.  The  machine-shops  of  the 
Ohio  A  Mississippi  Railroad  are  located  here.     Pop.  4250. 

Seymour,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Iowa,  in  Wal- 
nut township,  on  the  Chicago,  Rook  Island  A  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 32  miles  S.W.  of  Albia,  and  15  miles  W.  of  Centre- 
ville.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  graded  school, 
3  churches,  and  a  money-order  post-office.     Pop.  700. 

Seymour,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hart  co.,  Ky.,  about  5  miles 
S.  of  Louisville.     It  hiis  an  academy  and  a  plough-factory. 

Seymour,  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.    See  Noutii  Cuba. 

Seymour,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Baylor  co.,  Tex., 
situated  between  the  Brazos  and  Wichita  Rivers,  140  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Fort  Worth.  It  was  laid  out  in  1879,  and  con- 
tains  2  church  organizations  and  3  stores. 

Seymour,  a  township  of  Eau  Claire  co.,  Wis.    P.  615. 

Seymour,  a  township  of  Lafayette  co..  Wis.     Pop.  93S. 

Seymour,  a  post-village  in  Seymour  township,  Outa- 
gamie CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Green  Bay  A  Minnesota  Railroad, 
17  miles  W,  of  Green  Bay.  It  has  several  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  furniture,  flour,  hubs,  spokes,  and  staves. 
Pop.  in  1880,  850;  of  the  township,  762. 

Seymour  East,  Ontario.     See  Menie. 

Seymour  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  in  Brandon  township, 
Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  6  miles  W.  of  Oxford.     It  has  a  church. 

Seymoursville,  see'm?rz-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant 
CO.,  W.  Va.,  34  miles  S.  of  Keyser.    It  has  2  general  stores, 

Seyne,  sin,  a  town  of  France,  in  Basses-Alpes,  on  the 
Blanche,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Digne. 

Seyne,  a  town  of  France,  in  Var,  3  miles  S.W.  of 
Toulon.  Pop.  8152,  chiefly  engaged  in  fishing,  ship-build- 
ing, and  navigation.  It  has  a  harbor  on  the  S.W.  coast 
of  the  Gulf  of  Toulon,  in  the  Mediterranean. 

Seyny,  sd'nee,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  36  miles  N.W. 
of  Grodno,  with  a  Dominican  cloister.  It  is  a  Roman 
Catholic  bishop's  see,  and  a  place  of  pilgrimage.     P.  4035. 

Seypan,  one  of  the  Ladrone  Islands.     See  Saytan. 

Seyra,  si'ri,  a  town  of  India,  in  the  peninsula  of  Katty- 
war,  on  the  Gulf  of  Cuteh. 

Seyssel,  sds'sel',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ain,  on  the 
Rhone,  21  miles  S.W.  of  Geneva.     Pop.  1235. 

Seyyid  el  Ghazi,  sl'yeed'  i\  ghi'zee.  a  town  of  Asia 
Minor,  25  miles  S.S.E.  of  Eskee  Shehr.     Pop.  3600. 

Suzanne,  si^zinn',  a  town  of  France,  in  Marne,  25 
miles  S.W.  of  Epernay.  Pop.  4690.  It  has  a  communal 
college,  tanneries,  flour-mills,  and  manufactures  of  woollen 
cloth,  porcelain,  tiles,  eye-glasses,  Ac. 

Sezemecz,si'zi-m{ts\  or  Czezemicz,s.\'zi-meets\ 
a  town  of  Bohemia,  10  miles  N.  of  Chrudim,  on  the  Elbe. 
Pop.  1784. 

Sezkijar,  an  island  of  Russia.    See  Seskar. 

Sezza,  sSt'si,  or  Sezze,  sfit'si,  a  town  of  Italy,  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Velletri,  on  a  height  overlooking  the  Pontine 
Marshes.     Pop.  6659.     It  is  a  bishop's  see. 

Sezza,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  10  miles  S.  of 
Alessandria,  on  the  Bormida.     Pop.  2465. 

Sfax,  sfdx,  or  Sfakus,  sfi'kiis,  a  seaport  town  of  Tu- 
nis, on  the  Gulf  of  Cabes,  70  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cabes.  Lat. 
34°  44'  N.;  Ion.  10°  40'  E.  It  is  enclosed  by  a  high  wall, 
and  has  ship-building-yards  and  an  active  trade.  P.  10,000. 

'Sgraveland,  sgri'v^h-lint',  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  South  Holland,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Naarden.  P.  1248, 

'Sgravcnhaag,  Netherlands.    See  Hague. 

'Sgravezaud,  Netherlands.    See  Gkavezand. 


snjL 


2442 


SHA 


ShabntS)  ih&'b&ts,  a  town  of  Sorvia,  on  tho  Save,  56 
milus  \V.  uf  lielgrndo.  It  is  fortiflod,  and  is  tlie  scat  of  a 
fireolc  bishop.     Top.  802S. 

Shab'bona,  a  post-village  in  Shabbona  townsbin,  De 
Kalb  CO.,  III.,  on  tho  Chicago  A  Iowa  Uailrood,  at  its  junc- 
tion with  the  Chicago,  Burlington  <l  Quincy  Railroad,  CS 
inilos  W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  a  church,  a  masonic  hall,  and 
a  nowspapor  office.     P.  (1880)  8il9  :  of  township,  1432. 

Shabbona  Grove*  a  post-village  in  Shabbona  town- 
ship. Do  Kalb  00.,  III.,  30  uiiles  W.  of  Aurora,  and  about  3 
miles  from  Shabbona  Station.     It  has  several  churches. 

Shabbona  Junction,  a  station  of  De  Kalb  oo.,  111., 
}  of  tt  mile  from  Shabbona  Station,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Chicago  &  Iowa  Railroad  with  tho  Chicago,  Burlington  & 
Quincy  Railroad,  .30i  miles  W.  of  Aurora. 

Shabeen-Karahissar,  8h&-bocn'-k8,V&-hi8-8ar',  a 
town  of  Turkey,  province  and  05  miles  E.N.E.  of  Seevas. 
Pop.  4000. 

Shabonicr,  Fayette  co.,  III.    See  Shobonmer. 

Shnckell'ord,  or  Shackleford,  shslk'^l-f^rd,  a 
county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area  of 
about  870  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Clear  Fork 
of  Brazos  River  and  Hubbard's  Creek.  Cattle  and  Indian 
corn  are  tho  staple  products.  Capital.  Albany.  Pop.  in  1870, 
455,  of  whom  308  wore  natives;  in  1880,  2037. 

Shackleville,  a  post-office  of  Butler  oo.,  Ala. 

Shack's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Buchanan  co.,  Va. 

Shadadpoor,  sh&Mid-poor',  a  town  of  Sinde,  23  miles 
N.W.  of  Larkhana.     Pop.  2232. 

Shade,  a  post-office  of  Athens  co.,  0. 

Shade  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  in  Athens  co.,  runs  south- 
eastward through  Meigs  oo.,  and  enters  the  Ohio  River. 

Shade  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  enters  Stony  Creek  from 
tho  E.  in  the  N.  part  of  Somerset  co. 

Shade  Furnace,  Somersetco.,  Pa.  SeelliLLSBonouoH. 

Shade  Gap,  a  post-village  in  Dublin  township,  Hun- 
tingdon CO.,  Pa.,  about  22  miles  N.W.  of  Chambersburg. 
It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  2  tanneries. 

Shade  Mountain,  Pennsylvania,  is  a  long  ridge, 
partly  in  Snyder  co.,  from  which  it  extends  southwestward 
to  the  Juniata  River.  The  boundary  between  Juniata  and 
Mifflin  cos.  is  drawn  along  the  summit  of  this  ridge. 

Shade  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huntingdon  oo.,  Pa., 
13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Orbisonia.     It  has  a  church. 

Shadcvilie,  shad'vil,  a  post-village  in  Hamilton  town- 
ship, Franklin  co.,  0.,  on  the  Scioto  River  and  the  Ohio 
Canal,  7  miles  S.  of  Columbus.  It  has  a  church,  a  flouring- 
mill,  and  a  hotel.     Pop.  124. 

Shadeville,  a  post-office  of  Henderson  co.,  Tex. 

Shadrinsk,  Schadrinsk,  or  Chadrinsk,  shS,- 
drecnsk',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia,  in  Perm,  on  the  N.  bank 
of  the  Iset,  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Dolmatov.     Pop.  7194. 

Shaduan,  shi-doo-in',  an  island  of  the  Red  Sea,  op- 
posite the  ancient  Egyptian  port  Myos-Hormos.  Lat.  27° 
30'  N.;  Ion.  34°  E.     Length,  7  mxles;  breadth,  4  miles. 

Shad'ura,  a  town  of  India,  Meerut  district.     P.  7227. 

Shad'ura,  or  Shad'arah,  a  town  of  India,  45  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Seharunpoor.     Pop.  7257. 

Shad'well,  a  parish  of  England,  and  suburb  of  the 
metropolis,  on  its  E.  side,  co.  of  Middlesex,  2J  miles  E.S.E. 
of  St.  Paul's.     Pop.  8230. 

Shad'well,  a  post-office  of  Albemarle  co.,  Va.,  on  tho 
Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Charlottesville. 
Thomas  Jefferson  was  born  here,  April  13,  1743. 

Sha'dy,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  'Tenn. 

Sha'dy  Dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jasper  co.,  Ga.,  8J 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Monticello.  It  has  2  churches  and  an 
academy. 

Shady  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Taylor  co.,  Fla.,  about 
44  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Tallahassee.     It  has  2  churches. 

Shady  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Ga. 

Shady  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crittenden  co.,  Ky., 
20  miles  N.  of  Princeton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Shady  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Washington  parish,  La. 

Shady  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Jasper  co..  Miss. 

Shady  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Anson  co.,  N.C. 

Shady  Grove,  a  hamlet  in  Fulton  township,  Davie  oo., 
N.C.     It  has  a  church. 

Shady  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  in  Antrim  township, 
Franklin  CO.,  Pa.,  11  miles  S.  of  Chambersburg.     Pop.  125. 

Shady  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Tenn., 
10  miles  from  New  Market.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  mill. 

Shady  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Va.,  40 
Biles  W.N.W.  of  Danville.     Pop.  about  50. 

Shady  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Henderson  co.,  Tenn.,  38 
miles  K.  of  Jackson.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Shady  Lea,  a  hamlet  in  North  Kingstown  township, 


Washington  co.,  R.I.,  2i  miles  from  Bellvillo  Station,  and 
1}  miles  from  Narragansett  Bay.  It  has  umnufacttircs  of 
cotton  warps. 

Shady  Nook,  a  post-hamlct  of  Harrison  co.,  Ky.,  6 
miles  E.  of  Cynthiona.     It  has  a  church. 

Shady  Plain,  a  post-office  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa.,  7 
miles  N.K.  of  Apollo. 

Sha'dy  Run,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Plooer 
CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  73  miles  N.E.  of 
Sacramento.     Gold  is  mined  here. 

Sha'dysidc,  a  station  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad. 
3  miles  E.  of  Pittsburg,  Pn. 

Shady  Side,  a  post-office  of  Northampton  co.,  Va. 

Shady  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Raleigh  co.,  W.  Va. 

Shady  SpriugH,  a  post-office  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C. 

ShactiTcrs,  shaff^rz,  a  station  in  Clearfield  oo..  Pa.,  on 
the  Low  Grade  division  of  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad, 
26  miles  E.  of  Brookville. 

Shaeflerstown,  shuff^rz-tCwn,  a  post-village  in  Ilci- 
delberg  township,  Lebanon  co.,  Pa.,  about  24  miles  W.  by 
S.  of  Reading,  and  8  miles  S.E.  of  Lebanon.  It  ba«  4 
churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  636. 

Sha'fer,  a  township  of  Chisago  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  878. 

Shaffer,  a  station  in  Venango  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Pilti- 
burg,  Titusvillo  &  Buffalo  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Titusvilio. 

Shaffs  Bridge,  a  village  of  Somerset  co.,  I'a.,  near 
Mineral  Point  Junction.  It  has  2  churches.  Here  is  Rock 
wood  Post-Office. 

Shallesbury,  shafts'b^r-e,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Dorset,  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Dorchester.  Pop.  2472.  The 
borough  sends  one  member  to  tho  House  of  Commons. 

Shaftesbury,  Ontario.     See  Little  Curre.vt. 

ShaPton,  or  Shafton  Station,  a  village  of  West- 
moreland CO.,  Pa.,  in  North  Huntingdon  township,  on  tlio 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  22  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Pittsburg,  and 
1  mile  E.  of  Irwin.     It  has  coal-mines.     Pop.  about  300. 

Shaftsbury,  shafts'b9r-e,  a  post-hamlet  in  Shaftsbury 
township,  Bennington  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Harlem  Extension 
Railroad,  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Manchester,  and  about  8  inilej 
N.  of  Bennington.  It  has  a  church.  "The  township  con- 
tains quarries  of  marble  and  a  village  named  South  Shafts- 
bury.    Pop.  of  the  township,  2027. 

Shag  Bay,  a  settlement  in  Halifax  co..  Nova  Scotia,  21 
miles  from  Halifax.     Pop.  100. 

Shag  Har'bor,  a  post-villnge  in  Shelburne  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  12  miles  from  Barringfon. 

Shahabad,  sliih*i-bid',  a  town  of  India,  Umballa  dis- 
trict, 112  miles  N.N.W.  of  Delhi.     Pop.  11,678. 

Shahabad,  a  town  of  India,  district  and  20  miles  by 
rail  N.W.  of  Hurdoee.     Pop.  19,477. 

Shahabad,  a  district  of  Bengal,  Patna  division,  lat 
24°  31'-25°  43'  N.,  Ion.  83°  23'-84°  55'  E.  Area,  438J 
square  miles.  Tho  Ganges  bounds  it  on  the  N.,  and  tho 
Sone  on  the  S.E.  The  N.  part  is  a  fertile  plain,  the  S.  a 
hill-region.     Capital,  Arrah.     Pop.  1,723,974. 

Shahbad,  shi'bid',  or  Shanabad,  shih^l-bJd',  a 
town  of  Cashmere,  near  the  E.  extremity  of  the  valley,  14 
miles  S.E.  of  Islamabad,  and  5600  feet  above  the  sea. 

Shah^bazpoor',  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  Tipcrah,  lat. 
24°  2'  45"  N.,  Ion.  91°  12'  E.     Pop.  3444. 

Shahbazpoor  Island,  Bengal.    See  Deccan. 

Shah  Bunder,  shih  bun'd§r,  written  also  Shah 
Ban'der,  a  small  town  of  Persia,  province  of  Kcrnian, 
on  the  river  Meenab,  10  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Per- 
sian Gulf,  opposite  Ormus.  Tho  river  is  navigable  to  it 
from  the  sea  for  vessels  of  20  tons,  and  it  has  a  custom- 
house  and  some  trade. 

Shah  Bunder,  a  town  of  India,  in  Sinde,  district  and 
80  miles  S.E.  of  Kurrachee,  in  the  Indus  delta.  Pop.  1203. 

Shahcy,  shi-hi',  a  rocky  peninsula  of  Persia,  province 
of  Azerbaijan,  35  miles  S.W.  of  Tabrecz,  and  extending 
into  Lake  Ooroomeeyah,  to  which  it  sometimes  gives  name. 

Shah\jehanpoor',  a  district  of  India,  in  Rohilcund, 
lat.  27°  15'-28°  45'  N.,  Ion.  79°  23'-80°  30'  E.  Area,  2982 
squivre  miles.     Chief  town,  Shahjehanpoor.     Pop.  949,579. 

Shahjehanpoor,  the  capital  town  of  tho  above  dis- 
trict, on  an  affluent  of  the  Ganges,  43  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Bareilly.  Lat.  27°  52'  N. ;  Ion.  79°  48'  E.  It  has  a  citadel 
and  numerous  mosques.     Pop.  72,140. 

Shahjehanpoor,  a  town  of  the  Punjab.    See  TmA. 

Shahjehanpoor,  a  town  of  Central  India,  in  tho 
Gwalior  dominions,  35  miles  N.E.  of  Oojein. 

Shahlimar,  shl'le-mar',  a  fine  summer  palace  and 
gardens  in  the  Punjab,  3  miles  E.  of  Lahore.  The  Shahli- 
mar gardens,  celebrated  by  Moore  in  "  Lalla  Rookh,"  are 
in  Cashmere,  bordering  on  a  lake  immediately  E.  of  th« 
city  of  Serinagur. 


SUA 


644S 


SUA 


Shah^noor',  or  Sav'aiioor',  a  town  of  India,  capital 
of  a  small  native  state  of  the  same  name,  41  miles  S.E.  of 
Darwar.  Pop.  86S9.  Area  of  state,  69  square  miles.  Pop. 
17,288. 

Shah'poor',  a  small  town  of  Boloochistan,  province 
6f  Cutch  GunJava,  52  miles  N.  of  Shikarpoor. 

Shahpoor^  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  India,  capital  of 
Sbahpoor  district,  on  the  Jhylum.  Lat.  32°  14'  N.;  Ion. 
72°  22'  E. 

Shahpoor^  a  district  of  the  Punjab,  Rawil-Pinde  di- 
vision, between  the  Jhylum  and  the  Chenaub.  Area,  4699 
gquaro  miles.     Capital,  Shahpoor.     Pop.  368,796. 

Shahpoo'ra,  a  native  state  of  India,  in  Rajpootana. 
Area,  40U  square  miles.     Pop.  36,000. 

Shahrizul,  Turkish  Koordistan.    See  Shehrizoor. 

Shah  Rood,  or  Shah  Rud,  shS,  rood,  a  river  of 
Persia,  province  of  Irak-Ajemee,  joins  the  Kizil-Oozen  or 
Sefeed  Rood  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Reshd,  in  the  latter  part 
of  its  course  forming  the  boundary  between  the  provinces 
of  Irak-Ajemee  and  Ghilan. 

Shah  Rood,  or  Shah  Rud,  a  town  of  Persia,  prov- 
ince of  Khorassan,  45  miles  S.E.  of  Astrabad.  It  is  about 
2  in  ilea  in  circuit,  populous,  and  surrounded  by  well-culti- 
vated grounds. 

Shaikpoo'ra,  or  Shaikhpura,  shak^poo'ri,  a  town 
of  Bengal,  district  and  45  miles  S.W.  of  the  town  of  Mon- 
ghir.     Pop.  11,576. 

Shain'line's,  a  station  of  the  Chester  Valley  Railroad, 
IJ  miles  S.W.  of  Norristown,  Pa. 

Shairmad'avy,  or  Shermadevi,  shar-mid'^-ve,  a 
town  of  India,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Tinnevelly.     Pop.  6064, 

Shai-Ya,  a  town  of  Siam.    See  Chai-Ya. 

Sha'kers,  a  post-office  in  Watervliet  township,  Albany 
CO.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  S.  of  Niskayuna  Station.  Here  is  a  vil- 
lage of  Shakers,  who  produce  brooms,  seeds,  ifcc.  See  also 
Mount  Lebano.v. 

Shaker  Station,  a  post-office  in  Enfield  township, 
Hartford  co..  Conn.,  on  the  Connecticut  Central  Railroad, 
10  miles  S.  of  Springfield,  Mass.  Hero  is  a  village  of 
Shakers. 

Sha'kerstOAvn,  or  Watervliet,  wiH^r-vleet',  a  ham- 
let of  Van  Buren  township,  Montgomery  co.,  0.,  4  miles 
S.E.  of  Dayton. 

Shaker  Village,  a  hamlet  and  Shaker  community  in 
New  Gloucester  township,  Cumberland  co..  Me.,  25  miles 
N.W.  of  Portland. 

Shaker  Village,  a  hamlet  in  Alfred  township,  York 
CO.,  Me.,  2  miles  from  Alfred. 

Shaker  Village  (now  called  Fern'side),  a  decayed 
hamlet  and  former  Shaker  community  of  Tyringham  town- 
ship, Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  2  miles  N.  of  Tyringham. 

Shaker  Village,  a  village  and  station  of  Berkshire 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston  <fe  Albany  Railroad,  4  miles  S.W. 
of  Pittsfleld.  It  has  a  church,  3  woollen-mills,  2  grist- 
mills, and  manufactures  of  brooms,  pails,  <fcc.  Here  is  West 
Pittsfleld  Post-Office. 

Shaker  Village,  a  Shaker  community  in  Harvard 
township,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Ayer. 

Shaker  Village,  a  Shaker  community  of  Shirley  town- 
ship, Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  2  miles  S.  of  Shirley  Village. 

Shaker  Village,  a  village  and  Shaker  community  of 
Enfield  township,  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  i  mile  from  Enfield. 

Shaker  Village,  a  post-hamlet  in  Canterbury  town- 
ship, Merrimack  co.,  N.H.,  about  13  miles  N.  of  Concord.  It 
has  a  Shaker  church.  Hosiery,  corn  brooms,  and  washing- 
machines  are  made  here. 

Shaker  Village,  or  Canaan  Shakers,  a  hamlet 
ftnd  community  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Canaan  township,  Co- 
lumbia CO.,  N.Y, 

Shaker  Village,  Livingston  co.,  N.Y.    See  Sontea. 

Shaker  Village,  or  North  Union,  a  Shaker  com- 
munity of  Cuyahoga  co.,  0.,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Cleveland. 

Shaker  Village,  Hamilton  co.,  0.   See  AVhitewatek. 

Shakespeare,  shak'speer,  a  post-village  in  Perth  co., 
Ontario,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  82  miles  W.  of  To- 
ronto.    It  contains  several  stores  and  hotels.     Pop.  400. 

Shakleford's,  Virginia.     See  Centreville. 

8hak'opee,or  Shak'opee  City,  a  post-village,  cap- 
ital of  Scott  CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  right  or  S.  bank  of  the 
Minnesota  River,  and  on  the  St.  Paul  &  Siou.\  City  and 
Hastings  <t  Dakota  Railroads,  28  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Paul, 
and  4  or  5  miles  E.  of  Chaska.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  na- 
tional bank,  a  newspaper  office,  6  churches,  a  machine-shop, 
a  flourlng-mill,  a  brick-yard,  and  2  lime-kilns.     Pop.  2011. 

Sha'ler,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1473. 

Shaler's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co.,  0.,  on  tho 
Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Mount  Vernon. 


ShaMersville,  a  post-village  in  Shalcrsvillo  township, 
Portage  co.,  0.,  about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Akron,  and  6  or  7 
miles  N.  of  Ravenna.  It  has  a  church.  The  township  is 
drained  by  the  Cuyahoga  River.    Pop.  of  the  township,  977. 

Sha'lerville,  a  hamlet  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  near 
Temperancevillc,  now  included  in  the  city  of  Pittsburg. 

Shallotte,  shal-lot',  a  post-township  of  Brunswick  co., 
N.C.,  on  a  small  inlet  of  tho  ocean,  about  30  miles  S.AV.  of 
Wilmington.  It  has  pine  forests  and  several  distilleries 
of  turpentine.     Pop.  1630. 

Shal'loAV  Ford,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Alamance  co.,  N.C. 

ShallOAV  Ford,  a  post-office  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C,  at 
the  confluence  of  the  Kioweeand  Tugaloo  Rivers. 

Sham,  Asia.     See  Syria  and  Damascus. 

Shamaka,  sh^-md,'ki  (Schamachi,  or  ShamachI, 
shi-mi'Kee),  New,  written  also  Chamaka  and  Sche- 
machi,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Transcaucasia,  government 
and  70  miles  W.  of  Bakoo. 

Shamaka,  Old,  or  Kooneshnr,  koo'n?-shuR',  a 
village  of  Russia,  in  Transcaucasi.a,  15  miles  N.E.  of  the 
above.  It  was  ruined  in  1737  by  N.Mir  Shah,  but  is  nov»' 
thriving,  and  is  celebrated  for  its  silks.     Pop.  24,502. 

Shambazar,  Bengal.    See  Syambazar. 

Sham'berger's,  a  station  in  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
AVestern  Maryland  Railroad,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Westminster. 

Sham'bling's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Roane  co.,  W. 
Ya.,  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Charleston.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Sham'burg,  a  small  post-village  in  Oil  Creek  town- 
ship, Venango  co..  Pa.,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Titusville.  It  has 
several  oil-wells  and  a  church. 

Sham-el-Kebeer,  or  Sham-es-Shereef.     See 

DAMASCU.S. 

Shamiram,  the  Turkish  name  of  Van.    See  Van. 

Sham  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lyon  co.,  Minn.,  16 
miles  N.E.  of  Marshall.     It  has  a  church. 

ShamMee',  a  town  of  India,  53  miles  N.  of  Delhi. 
Pop.  9177. 

Sham^mar'  Mountains  (Arab.  Jel'el  Sham^mar'), 
sometimes  called  Ramlcah  Mountains,  a  mountain- 
range  of  Arabia,  in  Nedjed,  principally  between  28°  and 
29°  N.  lat.     Height,  about  9000  feet. 

Shamo  ("sea  of  sand"),  Mongolia.    See  Gobi- 

Shamokin,  sha-mo'kin,  a  post-borough  of  Northum- 
berland CO.,  Pa.,  in  Coal  township,  on  a  brunch  of  the  Phil- 
adelphia &  Reading  Railroad,  17  miles  W.  of  Ashland,  19 
miles  S.E.  of  Sunbury,  and  14  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Danville. 
It  is  connected  with  Sunbury  by  a  branch  of  the  Northern 
Central  Railroad.  It  has  rich  mines  of  anthracite  coal,  10 
churches,  a  national  bank,  2  other  banks,  2  newspaper  of- 
fices, several  hotels,  a  high  school,  and  2  machine-shops. 
Pop.  in  1870,  4320;  in  1880,  8184. 

Shamokin  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  runs  westward 
through  Northumberland  co.,  and  enters  the  Susquehanna 
River  at  Sunbury. 

Shamokin  Dam,  a  post-hamlet  of  Snj-der  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Susquehanna  River,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Sunbury.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Sha^mong',  a  post-hamlet  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Woodland  township,  on  the  New  Jersev  Southern  Railroad, 
13  miles  S.W.  of  Whiting,  and  about  20  miles  S.E.  of 
Mount  Holly.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Shamong,  a  township  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.  P.  1149. 

Sham 'rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Callaway  co..  Mo.,  17 
miles  S.E.  of  Mexico. 

Shamrock,  a  station  in  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  on  tho  East 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  21 J  miles  N.E.  of  Reading. 

Shan,  or  Chan,  shin,  a  Chinese  word  signifying 
"mountain,"  forming  a  part  of  numerous  names  in  East 
Asia,  as  Thiax-Shax  (the  "Celestial  Mountains"),  itc. 

Shan^ando'ah,  or  Shen^ando'ah,  a  post-hamlet 
of  Richland  co.,  0.,  in  Blooming  Grove  township,  11  miles 
N.  of  Mansfield.     It  has  a  church  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Shanda'ken,  a  post-village  in  Shandaken  township, 
Ulster  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Esopus  Creek,  and  on  the  Ulster  &  Dela- 
ware Railroad,  29  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Kingston.  It  has  a 
church,  2  hotels,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  chair-factory.  Pop.  of 
the  township  (which  contains  Phoenicia),  2718. 

Shandy,  a  town  of  Nubia.     See  Shendv. 

Shane,  shan,  a  post-office  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md. 

Sha'ner,  a  village  of  Westmorehind  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Youghiogheny  River  and  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad 
(Pittsburg  division),  25  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a 
coal-mine.    Here  is  Yohoghany  Post-Office. 

Shane's  Crossing,  or  Shanesville,  shanz'vil,  a 
post- village  of  Mercer  co.,  0.,  on  the  St.  Mary's  River,  and 
on  the  Toledo,  Delphos  <t  Burlington  Railroad,  30  miles 
W.  of  Lima.    It  has  1  or  2  churches.     Pop.  (1880)  404. 


SUA 


2444 


SUA 


Shanesville,  sh&nz'vll,  a  post-village  of  Tusoarawos 
40.,  0.,  in  Sugar  Croek  township,  10  miles  W.  of  Canal 
Dover,  and  about  25  miles  S.S.W.  of  Canton.  It  has  sev- 
eral churches.     Pop.  360. 

Shanesville^  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  in  Earl 
township,  about  14  miles  £.  by  N.  of  Heading. 

Shang)  shing,  a  Chinese  word  signifying  "supreme," 
forming  a  part  of  numerous  Chinese  names,  as  Sha.no- IIaI 
(».«.,  "  supreme  port"  ?),  <to. 

Shang-IIat,or  Chang-Hal,  sh&ng-hil'c,  incorrectly 
written  Shaiighae,  a  seaport  city  and  foreign  settlement 
of  China,  the  chief  emporium  now  open  for  European  com- 
merce, province  of  Kiang-Soo,  on  the  Woo-Sung  or  Wong- 
Poo  River,  160  miles  E.S.E.  of  Nanking,  and  12  miles 
above  the  mouth  of  the  Woo-Sung,  in  the  e»tuary  of  the 
Yang-tse-Kiang.  The  river,  though  }  of  a  mile  broad,  op- 
posite Shang-IIal,  is  little  better  than  a  more  tidal  channel. 
Lat.  31°  12'  N. ;  Ion.  121°  23'  E.  Pop.  estimated  at  250,000. 
Shang-IIttI  stands  on  a  level  and  highly  cultivated  plain, 
and  is  enclosed  by  a  wall  5  miles  in  circuit,  immediately 
outside  of  which  are  several  populous  suburbs.  Streets 
narrow  and  filthy ;  but  it  has  some  flourishing  manufactures 
of  flowered  silks  and  muslins  of  a  peculiar  kind,  and  of 
iron-wares,  glass,  paper,  artificial  flowers,  and  wares  in 
ivory,  bono,  gold,  and  silver.  It  is  an  important  cntropdt 
of  the  commerce  between  the  N.  and  S.  provinces  of  China, 
exporting  manufactured  goods  to  Ticn-Tsin,  in  the  metro- 
politan province  of  Chi-Li,  and  importing  large  quantities 
of  pulse,  flour,  meats,  rhubarb,  and  skins  from  the  shores 
of  the  Yellow  Sea.  An  extensive  internal  communication 
by  water  facilitates  its  trade  with  all  the  N.  half  of  China, 
and  it  is  stated  to  have  a  direct  trade  with  the  countries 
of  Central  Asia.  Its  coasting-trade  is  also  very  extensive, 
and  3000  junks  are  often  crowded  together  in  its  river, 
many  being  from  Hainan,  Canton,  and  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago. This  refers  to  the  native  city  only,  the  foreign 
settlement  being  entirely  distinct.  It  is  situated  outside  the 
walls  to  the  N.  and  E.,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  river,  3  miles 
long  by  1  mile  wide,  and  divided  into  the  British,  French, 
and  American  concessions.  Hero  the  principal  mercantile 
houses  have  built  stately  edifices,  and  there  is  a  wide  quay 
on  the  river-bank  called  the  "  Bund."  On  the  opposite 
bank  is  the  Pootung  suburb,  where  are  largo  manufactories 
of  machinery  and  ship-building  establishments.  The  river 
is  here  crowded  with  shipping  from  all  parts  of  the  world, 
the  anchorage  extending  for  5  miles  down,  where  from  250 
to  300  sailing-ships  and  steamers  may  bo  seen  at  anchor. 
The  chief  custom-house  under  foreign  control  in  China  is 
at  this  port,  with  a  harbor-master  and  pilot  board.  There 
are  15  consuls,  the  principal  being  British,  French,  and 
American.  These  have  criminal  jurisdiction  over  the  sub- 
jects of  their  several  nations,  and  the  Chinese  are  amenable 
to  the  Taoutai,  or  chief  magistrate  of  the  city.  There  is 
also  a  foreign  municipality  for  the  construction  and  con- 
servation of  public  works,  with  power  to  tax  the  natives ; 
but  beyond  these  there  is  no  regular  executive  or  legislative 
government.  Shang-IIai  has  steam  communication  with 
all  the  open  ports  in  China  and  Japan,  and  with  India,  the 
United  States,  and  Europe.  There  are  3  daily  newspapers,  2 
weekly,  and  2  fortnightly,  published  in  the  English  lan- 
guage, and  4  three  times  a  week  in  Chinese.  Principal  ex- 
ports to  foreign  countries  are  silk,  tea,  cotton,  cassia,  cam- 
phor, and  porcelain ;  imports,  opium,  specie,  cotton  and 
woollen  goods,  munitions  of  war,  hardware,  and  general 
merchandise.  About  2000  vessels  clear  the  port  annually, 
the  value  of  imports  and  exports  being  about  $75,000,000. 
6hang-Ha'i  was  taken  June  19,  1842,  by  the  British  troops, 
who  captured  in  the  city  171  pieces  of  cannon  and  a  large 
amount  of  military  stores,  and  again  taken  by  the  rebels, 
September  7,  1853.  In  1862  it  was  again  menaced  by  the 
Tae- Pings,  who  were  driven  back  for  a  circuit  of  30  miles  by 
an  allied  force  of  British,  French,  and  disciplined  Chinese, 
and  it  has  since  been  fortified  with  a  strong  garrison  of 
artillery  and  Anglo-Indian  troops.  Shamj  is  the  prefix  of 
the  names  of  numerous  Chinese  cities  of  less  importance. 

Shanghai,  shang'hi,  a  post-hamlet  of  Howard  co.,  Ind., 
about  30  miles  E.  of  Lafayette. 

Shanghai,  a  village  of  Knox  township,  Jefferson  co., 
0.     Pop.  76. 

Shanghai,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berkeley  co.,  A7.  Va.,  12 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Martinsburg. 

Shang>I-Ynen,  shlng^e-yoo^Sn',  a  town  of  China, 
province  of  Che-Kiang,  about  68  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ning- 
Po.     Pop.  100,000. 

Shang-Se-Choo,  or  Chang-Se-Tschon,  shing*- 
se-choo',  a  town  of  China,  province  of  Quang-Tong,  on  the 
Chinese  frontier,  in  lat.  22*  10'  12"  N.,  Ion.  107°  35'  E. 


Shang-Too,  or  Chang-Too.    See  Peking. 

Shau'ick,  or  llailey'a  Corners,  a  ]>obt-village  In 
Ilantings  CO.,  Ontario,  34  miles  back  of  Belleville.     P.  150 

Shank'lin,  a  town  of  the  Isle  of  Wight,  on  its  S.e! 
coast,  2  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Vontnor.  It  is  a  noted  suminor 
resort.  Here  is  a  remarkable  chtite,  or  ravine,  much  visited 
by  tourists.     Pop.  2035. 

Shank's  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mifflin  oo.,  Pa.,  near 
Mnnayunk  Station  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  5  milet 
S.W.  of  McVeytown. 

Shanks'ville,  a  post-village  in  Stony  Creek  township, 
Somerset  co..  Pa.,  22  miles  S.  of  Johnstown,  and  10  miles  fe! 
of  Somerset.  It  has  3  ehurchoa,  2  planing-mills,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  000. 

Shan'nock  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  oo., 
R.I.,  on  the  Stonington  &  Providence  Kail roivd,  about  30 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Providence.  Shoddy  shirtings  are  manu- 
factured here.     Pop.  152. 

Shan'non,  the  principal  river  of  Ireland,  rises  near  the 
base  of  the  Cuilcagn  Mountain,  co.  of  Cavan,  Hows  at  first 
S.W.,  and  then  generally  S.,  through  Loughs  Allen,  Baffin, 
Ree,  and  Derg,  to  near  Limerick,  where  it  turns  W.,  and 
joins  the  Atlantic  by  an  estuary  10  miles  in  width,  im- 
mediately N.  of  Tralce  Bay.  Total  course  estimated  at 
224  miles,  for  nearly  all  of  which  it  is  navigable.  Its  prin- 
cipal afiluents  from  the  W.  are  the  Boyle,  Suck,  and  Fer- 
gus;  from  the  E.  and  S.  the  Inny,  Brosna,  Mulkerna,  and 
Maig.  It  is  connected  all  across  Leinster  with  Dublin  by 
the  Grand  Canal  from  Shannon  Harbor,  near  Bunagher, 
and  by  the  Royal  Canal,  which  joins  it  at  Tarmonbarry, 
near  Longford. 

Shan'non,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an 
area  of  about  1050  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Cur- 
rent River,  and  also  drained  by  Jack's  Fork.  The  surface 
is  uneven  or  hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests 
of  3'ellow  pine,  oak,  Ac.  Maize,  grass,  and  pork  are  the 
staples.  Copper  is  found  in  this  county.  Capital,  Emi- 
nence. Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $1,S50,0U0. 
Pop.  in  1870,  2339;  in  1880,  3441. 

Shannon,  a  post-village  in  Shannon  township,  Carroll 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Western  Union  Railroad,  14  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Freeport,  and  14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mount  Carroll.  It  has 
a  bank,  4  or  5  churches,  a  money-order  post-office,  and  a 
high  school.     Pop.  635;  of  the  township,  1102. 

Shannon,  a  hamlet  of  Anderson  co.,  Kansas,  in  Reeder 
township,  8  miles  W.  of  Gnrnctt.     It  has  a  church. 

Shannon,  township,  Atchison  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  1584, 

Shannon,  a  township  of  Pottawatomie  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  1070. 

Shannon,  a  post-office  of  Mason  co.,  Ky. 

Shannon,  a  post-village  of  Lee  co..  Miss.,  on  the  Mo- 
bile it  Ohio  Railroad,  60  miles  S.  of  Corinth. 

Shannon,  a  hamlet  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.,4  miles  Jf.E. 
of  Nashport.     Pop.  44. 

Shan'nondale,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ind., 
about  38  miles  W.N.W.  of  Indianapolis. 

Shannondale,  a  post-hamlet  in  Salisbury  township, 
Chariton  co..  Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  <fc  Nortlicrn 
Railroad  (Glasgow  Branch),  lOJ  miles  N.  of  Glasgow. 

Shannondale,  a  post-hamlet  in  Red  Bank  township, 
Clarion  co..  Pa.,  about  36  miles  S.E.  of  Oil  City'.  It  has  an 
academy. 

Shannondale  Springs,  a  watering-place  of  Jeffer- 
son CO.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Shenandoah,  5  miles  E.  of  Charles- 
town.     It  has  valuable  saline  chalybeate  waters. 

Shannon  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Goochland  co.,  Va., 
14  miles  S.  of  Louisa  Court-House. 

Shan'nonvillc,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.. 
Pa.,  about  5  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Norristown. 

Shan'nonville,  a  post-village  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Hast- 
ings, on  the  Salmon  River,  li  miles  from  the  Bay  of 
Quinte,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  40i  miles  \V. 
of  Kingston.  It  contains  a  large  saw-mill,  a  flouring-mill, 
2  tanneries,  and  3  churches.  Pop.  700.  Vessels  of  all  sizes 
come  to  this  port. 

Shanon'chaw,  township,  Watauga  co.,N.C.   P.  323. 

Shan-See,  Shan-Si,  or  Chan-Si,  shin-see'  (»>., 
"the  mountainous  west"),  a  province  of  China,  mostly  be- 
tween lat.  35°  and  41°  N.  and  Ion.  110°  and  114'  30'  E., 
having  N.  Mongolia,  or  the  Desert  of  Sharao,  and  on  other 
sides  the  provinces  of  Shen-See,  Ho-Nan,  and  Pe-Chce-Lco. 
Estimated  area,  55,268  square  miles.  Pop.  14,004,210. 
The  surface  is  mountainous.  The  Hoang-Ho  forms  its  W. 
and  a  part  of  its  S.  frontier.  Wheat,  millet,  cotton,  to- 
bacco,  wine,  dyeing-materials,  silk,  honey,  large  numbers 
of  live-stock,  iron,  salt,  crystal,  coal,  and  building-slone 
are  among  its  chief  products.    The  principal  manufacturet 


SHA 


2445 


SHA 


are  silk  goods,  carpets,  and  metallic  goods.  It  is  divided 
into  9  departments.  The  chief  city  is  Tai-Yuan.  Shan- 
See  is  celebrated  for  its  wines.  This  department  is  also  re- 
markable for  containing  the  richest  iron-mines  in  all  China ; 
these  appear  to  have  been  wrought  from  the  earliest  times. 
It  manufactures  iron  and  steol,  in  which  the  inhabitants 
have  acquired  extraordiaary  skill. 

Shan-Toong,  Shan-Tung,  Schan-Tung,  or 
Chan-Toung,  shinHoong'  (i.e.,  "the  mountainous 
east"))  a  province  of  China,  mostly  between  lat.  35°  and 
38°  N.  and  Ion.  115°  and  122°  40'  E.,  having  landward 
the  provinces  of  Pe-Chee-Lee,  IIo-Nan,  and  Kiang-Soo, 
and  E.  the  Yellow  Sea  and  Gulf  of  Pe-Chee-Lec.  Esti- 
mated area,  65,10-t  square  miles.  Pop.  28,958,704.  The  sur- 
face is  mountainous  in  the  E.  Its  W.  part  is  intersected 
by  the  Grand  Canal.  The  harbors  are  numerous,  and  it 
comprises  many  islands  off  the  coast.  Wheat,  millet,  in- 
digo, drugs,  and  silk  are  the  principal  products.  Its  manu- 
factures of  felt,  caps,  carpets,  and  hempen  cloths  are  exten- 
sive.    The  chief  city  is  Tsee-Nan. 

Shao-Choo,  or  Chao-Tchon,  sh&^o-choo',  called 
also  Shao-Choo-Foo  and  Chao-Tcheou-Foo, 
shi^o-chfi-oo^foo',  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Quang-Tong, 
on  the  Pe-Kiang,  hero  crossed  by  a  bridge  of  boats,  115 
miles  N.  of  Canton.  It  is  large,  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has 
manufactures  of  nankeen  fabrics,  &o.  Pop.  estimated  at 
10,000  families. 

Shao-Hing,  or  Chao-Hing,  sh3,^o-hing',  a  city  of 
China,  province  of  Che-Kiang,  73  miles  W.  of  Ning-Po. 
Lat.  30°  6'  N. ;  Ion.  120°  3'  E.  It  stands  in  a  fertile 
plain,  and  is  intersected  by  canals ;  it  is  well  paved,  clean, 
nnd  healthy.  Near  it  is  a  magnificent  temple,  erected  to 
Yu,  the  reputed  founder  of  the  Chinese  Empire. 

Shao>King,  or  Chao-Khing,  sh4^o-king',  a  forti- 
fied city  of  China,  province  of  Quang-Tong,  50  miles  AV. 
of  Canton.  It  is  well  built,  and  is  the  residence  of  the 
governor  of  the  Quang  provinces. 

Shao-Nan,  or  Chao>Nan,  sh3,^o-n3,n',  a  seaport 
town  of  China,  in  Fo-Kien,  90  miles  S.W.  of  Amoy. 

Shao-Woo,  Schao-\Vu,  Chao-Wou,  shi^o-woo', 
or  Cha-Ou-Fou,  shi-oo-foo',  a  city  of  China,  province 
of  Fo-Kien,  145  miles  N.W.  of  Foo-Choo,  in  lat.  27°  21' 
N.,  Ion.  117°  37'  E. 

Shap,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Westmoreland,  12 
miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Kendal.  Near  it  are  the  remains 
of  a  Druidic  temple  and  of  an  abbey,  and  3  miles  S.E.  of 
the  village  is  the  mineral  spring  of  Shap  Wells. 

Shapeyan,  a  town  of  Cashmere.    See  Shupeyon. 

Shap'inshay,  one  of  the  Orkney  Islands,  Scotland,  4J 
miles  W.  of  Stronsay.  Length,  5  miles  ;  breadth,  4J  miles. 
Pop.  949,  mostly  employed  in  the  cod-  and  herring-fishery. 
The  shores  are  low,  level,  and  fertile;  the  interior  is  hilly, 
and  almost  barren.  On  the  S.  coast  stands  a  neat  village, 
on  the  fine  bay  of  EUwick  ;  in  the  island  aremany  Pictish 
and  Scandinavian  antiquities. 

Shapleigh,  shap'le,  a  post-hamlet  of  YorH  co..  Me., 
in  Shapleigh  township,  about  34  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Port- 
land. It  is  7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Springvale  Station.  It  has 
Jl  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1087. 

Shapoor,  Shapour,  or  Shapnr,  shi-poor'  (written 
Chapour  in  French  and  Schapur  in  German),  an  ancient 
city  of  Persia,  province  of  Fars,  in  about  lat.  29°  50'  N., 
Ion.  51°  40'  E.  It  is  said  to  have  existed  before  the  time 
of  Alexander  the  Great.  It  was  rebuilt  by  Sapor  (or  Sha- 
poor) about  the  middle  of  the  third  century.  Its  ruins  are 
among  the  most  interesting  in  Persia,  and  show  it  to  have 
been  of  great  extent  and  magnificence.  Some  of  the 
iculptures  rank  among  the  finest  specimens  of  Oriental  art. 

Snard'low,  a  village  and  township  of  England,  co. 
nnd  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Derby.     Pop.  297. 

Shari,  or  Shary,  shi'rce\  a  river  of  Africa,  after  a  N. 
course  of  uncertain  length,  enters  Lake  Chad  on  its  S.  side 
by  several  mouths.     See  also  Benuwe. 

Shar'key,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Mississippi,  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  drained 
by  Deer  Creek.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton  is  the  staple 
product.  Capital,  Rolling  Pork.  It  has  forests  of  the  ash, 
cypress,  gum,  oak,  &a.     Pop.  in  1880,  6306. 

Sharkey,  a  post-otfice  of  Tallahatchee  co.,  Miss. 

Shark  River,  N.J.     See  Coburo  and  HAJtiLTOs. 

Shar'man,  a  post-ofiSce  of  Columbia  co..  Ark. 

Sharon,  shair'9n,  a  post-village  of  Litchfield  co.,  Conn., 
in  Sharon  township,  2  miles  from  Sharon  Station,  N.Y., 
and  about  44  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Hartford.  It  contains  3 
churches  and  an  iron-furnace.  The  township  is  bounded 
E.  by  the  Housatonic  River.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2580. 

Sharon,  a  post-o£Sce  of  Hutchinson  co.,  Dakota. 


Sharon,  a  post-village  of  Taliaferro  co.,  Ga.,  near  the 
Georgia  Railroad,  about  64  miles  W.  of  Augusta.  It  has  3 
churches. 

Sharon,  a  township  of  Fayette  co..  111.    Pop.  1663. 

Sharon,  a  post-otfice  of  Henry  co.,  111.,  about  28  milea 
W.S.W.  of  Sterling. 

Sharon,  a  post-office  of  Delaware  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Mississinewa  River,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Muncie. 

Sharon,  a  station  in  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chi- 
cago, Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  6  miles  N.E.  of 
Centreville. 

Sharon,  a  township  of  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  662. 

Sharon,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1199. 

Sharon,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1196. 

Sharon,  Warren  co.,  Iowa.    See  Farview. 

Sharon,  a  post-village  in  Sharon  township,  Norfolk 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston  &  Providence  Railroad,  17  milea 
S.  by  W.  of  Boston.  It  has  several  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  cotton  duck,  carriages,  trowels,  <fec.  The  town- 
ship has  5  churches,  and  a  large  hotel  on  Massapoag  Lake. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1330. 

Sharon,  a  township  of  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.     P.  1026. 

Sharon,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sharon  township,  Le  Sueur 
CO.,  Minn.,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Le  Sueur.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1037. 

Sharon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co..  Miss.,  30  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Jackson.  It  has  3  churches,  and  a  school  called 
Madison  College  (non-sectarian),  organized  in  1851. 

Sharon,  a  township  of  Hillsborough  co.,  N.H.     P.  182. 

Sliaron,  a  station  in  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Hightstown. 

Sharon,  or  Sharon  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schoharie 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Sharon  township,  5  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sharon 
Springs  Station,  and  about  44  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Albany. 
It  has  a  church,  a  foundry,  and  a  cheese-factory.  Here  is 
Sharon  Post-Office.  The  township  contains  a  summer  re- 
sort, named  Sharon  Springs.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2587. 

Sharon,  a  post-office  of  Cleveland  co.,  N.C. 

Sharon,  a  township  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  N.C.  P.  2197. 

Sharon,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  0.     Pop.  1480. 

Sharon,  Hamilton  co.,  0.     See  Sharonville. 

Sharon,  a  township  of  Medina  co.,  0.     Pop.  1131. 

Sharon,  a  post-village  in  Sharon  township,  Noble  co., 
0.,  3  miles  W.  of  Caldwell.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour- 
mill.     Pop.  about  250  ;  of  the  township,  1227. 

Sharon,  a  township  of  Richland  co.,  0,     Pop.  2762. 

Sharon,  a  hamlet  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  about  15  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  Pittsburg. 

Sliaron,  a  station  in  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Philadel- 
phia, Newtown  &  New  York  Railroad,  1  mile  S.W.  of 
Newtown. 

Sliaron,  a  post-borough  in  Hickory  township,  Mercer 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Shenango  River  and  the  Erie  &  Pittsburg 
Railroad,  at  the  S.E.  terminus  of  the  Mahoning  division 
of  the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad,  21  miles  N.N.W. 
of  New  Castle,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Youngstown,  0.,  and  41 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Meadville.  It  is  the  largest  town  in  the 
county,  and  contains  a  national  bank,  a  savinge-bank,  2 
other  banks,  a  high  school,  3  newspaper  offices,  7  churches, 
2  rolling-mills,  and  2  foundries.  One  daily  newspaper  is 
published  here.  Large  quantities  of  coal  are  mined  near 
this  place.     Pop.  in  1880,  5684. 

Sharon,  a  township  of  Potter  co..  Pa.     Pop.  968. 

Sliaron,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Weakley  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad,  46  miles 
N.  of  Jackson.     It  has  a  steam  grist-  and  saw-mill. 

Sharon,  a  post-villago  in  Sharon  township,  Windsor 
CO.,  Vt.,  on  White  River,  in  a  valley  at  the  base  of  high 
hills,  and  on  the  Vermont  Central  Railroad,  52  miles  S.  of 
Montpelier,  and  about  28  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rutland.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1013. 

Sharon,  a  post-office  of  Chehalis  co.,  Washington. 

Sharon,  a  township  of  Portage  co..  Wis.     Pop.  1494. 

Sharon,  a  post-village  in  Sharon  township,  Walworth 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  20  miles 
S.E.  of  Janesville,  and  71  miles  N.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has 
a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  4  churches,  an  academy,  and  a 
large  cheese-factory.     Pop.  657;  of  the  township,  1956. 

Sharon,  Da'vidtown,  or  Hope,  a  post-village  in 
York  CO.,  Ontario,  4i  miles  from  Newmarket.  It  has  a 
foundry,  saw-mill,  flouring-mill,  and  several  stores.    P.  400. 

Sharon  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa, 
in  Sharon  township. 

Sharon  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sharon  township, 
Schoharie  co.,  N.Y.,  about  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cooperstown. 

Sharon  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Sharon  township, 
Medina  co.,  0.,  about  12  miles  W.  of  Akron,  and  30  miles 


UIIA 


244G 


oIIA 


F.  of  Cleveland.  It  hns  a  money-order  post-office  and  2 
churches.    Pop.  about  200. 

Sharon  Centre^  a  post-hamlot  in  Sharon  tovrnship, 
Potter  oo.,  Pa.,  on  Oswayo  Creek,  about  20  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Oloao,  N.Y.    It  ha«  a  church. 

Sharon  Grove,  a  post-hamlot  of  Todd  co.,  Ky.,  13 
miles  N.W.  of  RussoUviile.     It  has  2  churches. 

Sharon  Hill,  Now  York.    See  Siiauo.v. 

Sharon  Ilill,  a  post- village  of  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Phiindolphia,  Wilmington  &  Biiltimore  Railroad,  6 
miles  S.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a  church,  a  convent, 
and  a  manufactory  of  engines  and  other  machinery. 

Sharon  Junction,  Pennsylvania.    See  Clauksville. 

Sharon  Springs,  a  post-village  and  popular  summer 
resort  in  Sharon  township,  Schoharie  co.,  N.  Y.,  on  a  branch 
of  the  Albany  A,  Susquehanna  Railroad,  69  miles  W.  by  N. 
of  Albany,  and  about  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cooperstown. 
The  village  is  situated  in  a  narrow  valley  enclosed  by  high 
hills,  is  surrounded  by  attractive  sceqcry,  and  contains 
several  large  hotels,  .3  churches,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Its  springs,  which  contain  sulphur,  magnesia,  ic,  are  held 
in  high  repute  and  much  resorted  to  by  invalids.      P.  627. 

Sharon  Springs,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort  of 
Bland  CO.,  Va.,  18  miles  N.  of  Wythoville,  and  about  44 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Abingdon.  Here  are  alum  and  chalybeate 
springs. 

Sharon  Station,  a  post-hamlet  in  Amenia  township, 
Dutchess  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  &  Harlom  Railroad, 
88  miles  N.  by  E.  of  New  York,     It  has  10  dwellings. 

Sharon  Valley,  a  post-hamlot  in  Sharon  township, 
Litchfield  co..  Conn.,  2  miles  from  Sharon  Station,  N.Y. 
It  has  manufactures  of  malleable  iron. 

Sharonville,  shair'^n-vll,  a  post-village  in  Sycamore 
township,  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cleveland,  Columbus, 
Cincinnati  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  17  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Cincinnati.  It  has  4  churches  and  a  carriage-shop.  Here 
is  Sharon  Station.     Pop.  in  1880,  469. 

Sharonville,  a  village  in  Jackson  township.  Pike  co., 
0.,  on  the  Scioto  River,  Ohio  Canal,  and  Scioto  Valley  Rail- 
road, about  15  miles  S.  of  ChilHcotho.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  250. 

Sharp,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Arkansas,  has  an 
area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
Spring  River  and  Strawberry  Creek.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating or  hilly,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Capital,  Evening  Shades.  Valuation  of 
real  and  personal  estate,  $1,040,000.  Pop.  in  1870,  5400, 
of  whom  5387  were  Americans;  in  1880,  9047. 

Sharpe,  a  township  of  Alexander  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  825. 

Sharpe's  Bridge,  or  Cambridge,  a  post-village  in 
Kings  CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  3  miles  from  'Waterville.     P.  180. 

Sharpesbnrg,  a  township  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C.  P.  947. 

Sharpesville,  Alabama.     See  Suarpsville. 

Sharp  Mountain,  Pennsylvania,  is  a  ridge  in  Schuyl- 
kill CO.,  and  is  the  southern  boundary  of  the  Pottsville 
coal  basin.     Pottsville  is  at  the  N.W.  base  of  this  ridge. 

Sharp's,  Christian  co..  III.     Sec  Sharpsbukg. 

Sharp's,  a  station  in  Richland  co.,  S.C.,  on  the  Char- 
lotte, Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  16  miles  N.  of  Co- 
lumbia. 

Sharps'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coweta  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Savannah,  Griffin  &  North  Alabama  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E. 
of  Newnan.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Sharpsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Christian  co..  III.,  on 
the  Springfield  division  of  the  Ohio  &,  Mississippi  Railroad, 
at  Sharp's  Station,  21  miles  S.E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a 
church. 

Sharpsburg,  a  post-village  of  Bath  co.,  Ky.,  about  40 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Lexington,  and  lOJ  miles  N.  of  Mount 
Sterling.  It  has  5  churches,  an  academy,  a  bank,  and  a 
woollen-factory.     Pop.  319. 

Sharpsburg,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Md., 
on  Antietam  Creek,  about  15  miles  S.  by  W.  of  llagers- 
town,  10  miles  N.  of  Harper's  Ferry,  and  3  miles  W.  of 
Keedysvillo  Station  of  the  Washington  County  Branch 
Railroad.  It  contains  6  churches  and  several  general  stores. 
Here  is  a  national  cemetery,  in  which  is  a  tower  overlooking 
the  Antietam  battle-field  and  an  extensive  and  beautiful 
expanse  of  country.     Pop.  about  1300. 

Sharpsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nash  co.,  N.C,  on  the 
Wilmington  <t  Weldon  Railroad,  35  miles  N.  of  Goldsbor- 
ough.     It  has  a  wagon-factory. 

Sharpsburg,  a  post-borough  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa,,  on 
the  N.  bank  of  the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the  Western 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg  by  street 
railway.    It  has  a  savings-bank,  7  churches,  2  rolling-mills. 


glass-works,  saw-  and  planing-mills,  oil-refineries,  Ac.  lu 
streets  are  well  paved  and  lighted  with  gas.  Pop.  about 
3500.  Sharpsburg  Station  of  the  Alleghany  Vullcy  UuiU 
road,  4i  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg,  is  on  the  Alleghany  River 
nearly  o])))osito  Sharpsburg.  ' 

Sharpsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  San  Patricio  co.,  Tex. 

Sharp's  Chap'el,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  Tenn. 

Sharp's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Mc- 
Pherson  co.,  Kansas,  30  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Salina.     P.  364. 

Sharp's  Cross  lloads,  a  post-office  of  Indc])cndonco 
CO.,  Ark. 

Sharp's  Island,  in  Chesapeake  Bay,  off  the  cntrancs 
to  Patu.xcnt  River.     On  the  N.  end  is  a  light-house. 

Sharp's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.,on 
Blue  River,  about  22  miles  W.  of  Now  Albany.  It  bus  a 
flouring-mill. 

Sharpstown,  New  Jersey.    See  SiiAniTOWx. 

Sharps'ville,  or  Sharpesville,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Montgomery  co.,  Ala.,  16  miles  S.  of  Montgomery.  It  hot 
a  church. 

Sharpsville,  a  post-village  in  Liberty  township,  Tip- 
ton CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Peru  A  Chicago  Railroad, 
46  miles  N.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded 
school,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  300. 

Sharpsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Ky.,  30 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Lebanon.     It  has  3  churches. 

Sharpsville,  or  Sharp's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  La- 
peer CO.,  Mich.,  13  miles  N.  of  Imlay  City. 

Sharpsville,  a  post-borough  in  Hickory  township, 
Mercer  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Shenango  River  and  the  Erie  A 
Pittsburg  and  Atlantic  <t  Great  Western  Railroads,  3  miles 
N.E.  of  Sharon,  and  11  miles  S.S.W.  of  Greenville.  It 
has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  brass-foundry,  9  blast- 
furnaces, and  7  churches.     Pop.  in  1880,  1824. 

Sharp'ton,  a  post-villago  in  Frontcnao  co.,  Ontario, 
12  miles  N.W.  of  Kingston.     Pop.  100. 

Sharp'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind.,  3 
miles  from  Ashby's  Station. 

Sharptown,  a  post-village  of  Wioomico  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Nanticoke  River,  10  miles  W.  of  Laurel,  Del.,  and  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Seaford.  It  has  2  churches  and  4  stores. 
Pop.  about  400. 

Sharptown,  or  Sharpstown,  a  post-villngc  in  Piles- 
grove  township,  Salem  co.,  N.J.,  on  Salem  Creek,  about  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Salem.  It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  2  stores.     Pop.  296. 

Shartlesvillc,  shar't^lz-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bcrki 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  18  miles  N.W.  of  Reading.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  cigar-factory. 

Shasgo,  Chasgo,  sh^s'go,  or  Shush gao,  shoosh- 
gA'o,  a  cluster  of  villages  and  a  fort  of  Afghanistan,  be- 
tween Ghuzneoand  Cabool,  10  miles  N.  of  Ghuznee. 

Shas'ta,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  California,  has  an 
area  of  about  4200  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Sacramento  River,  and  also  drained  by  Cottonwood  and 
Cow  Creeks:  The  Coast  Range  extends  along  the  W.  bor- 
der of  this  county,  which  also  comprises  part  of  the  Sierra 
Nevada.  In  the  S.E.  part  stands  Lassen's  Peak,  which 
has  an  altitude  of  10,577  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 
E.\tensive  forests  of  fir,  pine,  and  other  trees  grow  on  the 
mountains.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile,  and  produces 
barley,  wheat,  <fec.  Gold  is  the  chief  article  of  export. 
Granite  and  limestone  are  also  found  here.  This  county  is 
partly  traversed  by  the  Oregon  division  of  the  Central  Pa- 
cific Railroad.  Capital,  Shasta,  ^'aluation  of  real  and 
personal  estate,  $1,844,307.  Pop.  in  1870,  4173,  of  whom 
2937  wero  Americans;  in  1880,  9492. 

Shasta,  or  Shasta  City,  a  post-town,  the  capital  of 
Shasta  co.,  Cal.,  is  7  miles  W.  of  Redding  Station,  about  2 
miles  W.  of  the  Sacramento  River,  and  150  miles  in  a  di- 
rect line  N.N.W.  of  Sacramento.  It  is  in  a  mountainous 
region,  near  the  junction  of  the  Sierra  Nevada  with  the 
Coast  Range.  It  has  a  newspaper  office  and  2  churches. 
Gold  is  found  near  this  place.     Pop.  in  1880,  448. 

Shat-el-Arab,  Shatt-el-Arab,  Chat-el-Arab, 
shit-Sl-i'rib,  or  Schat-ul-Arab,  shit-ool-i'rib,  a  river 
of  Asia,  formed  by  the  junction  of  the  Euphrates  and 
Tigris,  enters  the  Persian  Gulf  at  its  head,  in  lat.  30° 
N.,  Ion.  48°  30'  W.,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  120  miles.  It 
receives  the  Kerah  River,  is  connected  by  the  Ilaffar  Canal 
with  the  Karoon  in  Khoozistan,  and  forms  a  part  of  the 
boundary  between  the  Turkish  and  Persian  dominions. 

Shat-el-IIic,  a  river  of  Turkey.    See  Serpknti-v. 

Shatista,  or  Schatista,  shiHees'ti,  a  town  of  Turkey, 
in  Roumelia,  65  miles  W.S.W.  of  Salonica.     Pop.  7500. 

Shatool  Pass,  Hindoo-Koosh  Mountains.  ScoSdctal 
Pass. 


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Shatsk,  Schatsk,  Shatzk,  or  Chatsk,  shitsk,  a 
town  of  Russia,  government  of  Tambov,  iJ8  miles  N.  of 
Morsliansk.     Pop.  7261. 

Shatt-el-Arab.    See  Shat-el-Arab. 

Shat'tucksburg,  a  hamlet  in  Perry  township,  Frank- 
lin CO.,  0.,  near  Olentangy. 

Shat'tuckviile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Mass., 
in  Colerain  township,  2  miles  from  Shelburne  Falls.  It  has 
a  cotton-factory. 

Shattuckville,  or  Redan,  a  hamlet  of  Saginaw  co., 
Mich.,  6  miles  W.  of  Saginaw.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a 
saw-mill. 

Shauck's,  Morrow  co.,  0.    See  Jon.vsviLLE. 

Shaumburg,  shawm'biirg,  a  post-h.amlet  in  Shaum- 
burg  township.  Cook  co..  111.,  3i  miles  N.  of  Roselle,  and 
28  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  931. 

Shauntie,  shawn'tee,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of 
Beaver  co.,  Utah.     Silver  and  lead  are  found  here. 

Sha'ver's  Fork,  a  name  given  to  the  main  branch  of 
Cheat  River,  which  runs  through  Randolph  co.,  AV.  Va. 

Sha'vertown,  a  post-hamlet  in  Andes  township,  Del- 
aware CO.,  N.Y.,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Andes,  and  about  IC  miles  S. 
of  Delhi.    It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill  on  Popacton  River. 

Shaw,  a  post-office  of  Lee  co..  111.,  on  the  Chicago  & 
Rock  River  Railroad,  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Dixon. 

Shawan,  sha-wan',  a  post-hamlet  of  Baltimore  co., 
Md.,  abont  18  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Baltimore. 

Shawangunk,  shong'gum,  a  small  river  which  rises 
in  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  runs  northeastward,  forms  part  of  the 
boundary  between  Sullivan  and  Orange  cos.,  and  enters  the 
■\Vallkill  River  in  Ulster  co.,  5  miles  S.W.  of  New  Paltz. 

Shawangunk,  a  post-village  in  Shawangunk  town- 
ship, Ulster  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Wallkill  River  and  the  Wall- 
kill  Valley  Branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  17  miles  N.  by  E. 
of  Goshen,  and  about  12  miles  N.W.  of  Newburg.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  large  paper-mill.  Pop.  about  350.  The 
township  is  traversed  by  Shawangunk  River.     Pop.  3000. 

Shawangunk  Mountains,  a  portion  of  the  Appa- 
lachian system,  lying  in  the  S.E.  part  of  New  York,  and 
extending  through  Orange  and  Sullivan  cos.  into  Ulster. 

Shawano,  sh.7,-waw'n6h,  or  Shawanaw,  sha-waw'- 
n3.w,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Wisconsin,  has  an  area 
of  1440  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Oconto  and 
Wolf  Rivers,  and  also  drained  by  the  Embarras  and  Red 
Rivers.  The  surface  is  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  pine, 
sugar-maple,  and  other  trees.  Lumber,  wheat,  oats,  grass, 
and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Shawano. 
Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $2,809,159.  Pop.  in 
1870,  3166;  in  1875,  6635;  in  1880,  10,371. 

ShaAvano,  or  Shawanaw,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Shawano  co.,  Wis.,  is  on  the  Wolf  River,  about  38  miles 
W.N.W,  of  the  city  of  Green  Bay.  It  is  contiguous  to 
Shawano  township.  It  has  1  or  2  newspaper  offices,  4 
churches,  and  m.anufactures  of  lumber.  Pop.  in  1880,  890; 
of  the  township,  300. 

Shawano  Lake,  Wisconsin,  in  the  E.  part  of  Shawano 
00.,  is  about  6  miles  long  and  3  miles  wide.  Its  outlet 
enters  the  Wolf  River,  which  is  3  miles  W.  of  the  lake. 

Shawat,  or  Schawat,  shi'wit,  a  town  of  Toorkis- 
tan,  khanat  and  22  miles  N.  of  Khiva,  on  a  canal  of  its 
own  name  led  from  the  Amoo-Darya. 

Shaw'bridge,  a  post-village  in  Terrebonne  co.,  Que- 
bec, 9  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Jerome.     Pop.  175. 

Shawenegan,  sh4-wen-?-gin',  or  Saint  Boni- 
face, a  post-village  in  St.  Maurice  co.,  Quebec,  on  the 
river  St.  Maurice,  23  miles  N.W.  of  Three  Rivers.  It  con- 
tains saw-  and  grist-mills.  The  Falls  of  the  Shawenegan, 
150  feet  high,  are  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  250. 

Shaw'han,  a  post-village  of  Bourbon  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Kentucky  Central  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Paris.  It  has  a 
church  and  3  whisky-distilleries.     Pop.  about  250. 

Shawl,  shawl,  or  Quetta,  kw^t'ti,  a  town  of  Beloo- 
ohistan,  near  the  Afghan  frontier,  in  an  elevated  but  fertile 
valley,  20  miles  N.W.  of  the  Bolan  Pass,  5563  feet  above 
the  sea.     Lat.  30°  8'  N.;  Ion.  66°  56'  E.     Pop.  2000. 

Shaw'nee',  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Kansas,  has 
an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Kansas  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Wakarusa  River 
and  Soldier  and  Cross  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating 
or  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with  prairos  and  tracts  of 
timber,  which  is  distributed  along  the  streams.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  butter,  and  pota- 
toes are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  mineral  resources 
are  bituminous  coal  and  good  limestone.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad  and  the  Atchi- 
•on,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad.    Capital,  Topeka,  which 


is  also  the  capital  of  Kansas.  Valuation  of  real  and  per- 
sonal estate,  $8,313,830.  Pop.  in  1870,  l.S,121,  of  whom 
11,057  were  Americans;  in  1875,  15,417;  in  1880,  29,093. 

Shawnee,  a  station  of  the  St.  Louis  &  San  Frnncisco 
Railroad,  in  the  Indian  Territory,  23  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Neosho,  Mo. 

Shawnee,  a  township  of  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
875.     It  contains  Brownsville  and  Crestline. 

Shawnee,  a  post-village  in  Shawnee  township,  .Tohn- 
sop  CO.,  Kansas,  1  mile  from  Shawnee  Station,  which  is  on 
the  Missouri  River,  Fort  Scott  A  Gulf  Railroad,  9  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Kansas  City,  Mo.  It  has  2  churches.  Poji. 
about  400  ;  of  the  township,  2477. 

Shawnee,  a  township  of  Wyandotte  co.,  Kansas.  I'op. 
2350.     It  includes  Rosodale  and  part  of  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Shawnee,  township,  Cnpo  Girardeau  co.,  Mo.    P.  1676. 

Shawnee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  about. 
20  miles  N.  of  Buffalo.     It  has  a  church. 

Shawnee,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  0.     Pop.  1169. 

Shawnee,  a  post-village  in  Salt  Lick  township.  Perry 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Straitsville  division  of  the  Baltimore  <fe  Ohio 
Railroad,  43  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Newark.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  union  school,  and  2  iron-furnaces.     Pop.  in  ISSfl,  2770. 

Shawnee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Delaware  River,  2i  miles  above  the  Water  Gap  Station. 
It  has  a  church. 

ShaAvnee  Branch,  a  station  on  the  Reading  &  Co- 
lumbia Railroad,  li  miles  N.E.  of  Columbia,  Pa. 

Shawnee  lUission,  a  hamlet  of  Johnson  co.,  Kansas, 
4  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Shawnee. 

Shawnee  Mound,  a  post-office  of  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind., 
about  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lafayette.  Here  is  a  mound  75 
feet  high. 

Shawnee  Mound,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co..  Mo., 
about  36  miles  W.S.W.  of  Sedalia.     Pop.  about  80. 

Shaw'neetown,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Gallatin  co., 
III.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  62  miles  below  Evansville, 
and  182  miles  by  railroad  S.E.  of  Springfield.  It  is  the 
S.E.  termiijus  of  the  Springfield  division  of  the  Ohio  <fc 
Mississippi  Railroad,  and  is  on  the  St.  Louis  &,  Southeastern 
Railroad.  It  contains  a  court-house,  5  churches,  a  national 
bank,  a  banking-house,  a  large  hotel,  3  newspaper  offices,  2 
steam  grist-mills,  a  foundry,  a  machine-shop,  and  manu- 
factures of  wagons,  staves,  sash,  blinds,  <fec.  Coal  is  mined 
here,  and  lead  is  found  near  this  place. 

Shawneetown,  Indian  Territory.     See  Espaknia. 

Shawneetown,  a  post-village  in  Shawnee  township, 
Cape  Girardeau  co..  Mo.,  30  miles  N.  of  Allenvillo  Station. 
It  has  a  machine-shop,  a  woollen-mill,  Ac. 

Shaw's,  a  station  in  Lee  co.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  & 
Rock  River  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Amboy. 

Shaw's  Creek,  a  township  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C. 
Pop.  1760. 

Shaw's  Flat,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tuolumne  co.,  Cal.,  H 
miles  from  Sonora,  and  about  48  miles  E.  of  Stockton.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  town  hall.  It  is  partly  supported  by 
the  production  of  fruit  and  wine. 

SnaAV's  Land'ing, a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co..  Pa., 
on  French  Creek,  and  on  the  Franklin  Branch  Railroad,  6 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Meadville.     Near  it  are  2  churches. 

Shaw's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Guilford  co.,  N.C. 

Shaw's  Ranch,  a  hamlet  of  Callahan  co.,  Tex.,  140 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Fort  Worth. 

Shaw's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  Va. 

Shaws'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  4  miles 
from  AVhitehall  Station. 

ShaAVSville,  a  hamlet  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna,  7  miles  E.  of  Clearfield, 
and  about  44  miles  N.  of  Altoona.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist* 
mill,  and  several  saw-mills. 

Shawsville,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad,  at  Alleghany 
Station,  77  miles  AV.  by  S.  of  Lynchburg.  It  has  3 
churches. 

ShaAA's'wick,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
3966.     It  contains  Bedford. 

ShaAV'ver's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Tazewell  co.,  Va. 

Shaw'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lorain  co.,  0.,  on  tha 
Lake  Shore  Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Elyria. 

Shaylor's  (sha'l9rz)  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Kershaw 
CO.,  S.C. 

Shnyook,  Shayuk,  shi'ook',  or  Shayock,  a  consid- 
erable river  of  Little  Thibet,  after  a  southward  course  joina 
the  Indus,  N.  of  the  Himalayas,  118  miles  N.AV.  of  Leh. 

Shayuen  River,  Dakota.    See  Cheye.nne  River. 

Sheak'leyville,  a  post-borough  in  Sandy  Creek  town- 
ship, Mercer  co..  Pa.,  3  miles  from  Hadley  Station,  and 


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ftbout  15  miles  S.  of  Meadrillo.     It  has  4  oburchcA,  a  foun- 
dry, »  bank,  a  choeso-footory,  a  maohino-shop,  a  planing- 
xuill,  a  wooUen-mill,  Ao.     Pop.  273. 
Shear'er*s  Cross  Ronds^  or  Shcar'ersbnrg,  n 

post-village  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  24  miles  K.N.E.  of 
Pittsburg,  and  2  miles  from  Lecobburg.  It  baa  a  cburch 
nnd  a  carriage-shop. 

Shcar'er's  Ferry,  a  hamlet  of  Idaho  oo.,  Idaho,  on 
Salmon  River,  10  miles  S.  of  Florence. 

Shearer  Valley,  a  post-oflSoe  of  Wayne  oo.,  Ky. 

Shea's  (sh&z)  River,  or  llrook  Village,  a  post- 
village  in  Inverness  oo.,  Nova  Scutia,  8  miles  from  Mabou. 

Shebance,  she-banss',  a  township  of  Iroquois  co.,  III. 
Pop.  2530. 

Shebeen,  or  Shebin,  Egypt.    See  Sheybern. 

Sheboy'gan,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Wisconsin, 
has  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.  -It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  Lake  Michigan,  and  is  dniinod  by  the  Sheboygan, 
Mullet,  and  Onion  Rivers.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and 
about  one-third  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak, 
pine,  sugar-maple,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Wheat,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  butter,  and  wool  are  the  staple 
products.  Fine  Silurian  (Niagara)  limestone  underlies  part 
of  the  surface.  This  county  is  intersected  by  3  railroads, — 
the  Sheboygan  &  Fond  du  Lac,  the  Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore 
A  Western,  and  the  Wisconsin  Central.  Capital,  Sheboy- 
gan. Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $14,626,613. 
Pop.  in  1870,  31,749 ;  in  1875,  34,021,  of  whom  20,564  were 
Americans;  in  1880,  34,206. 

Sheboygan,  a  city  of  Wisconsin,  the  capital  of  She- 
boygan CO.,  is  situated  on  Lake  Michigan,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Sheboygan  River,  25  miles  S.  of  Manitowoc,  52  miles 
N.  of  Milwaukee,  and  43  miles  E.  of  Fond  du  Lac.  It  is 
on  the  Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore  &  Western  Railroad,  and  is 
the  E.  terminus  of  the  Sheboygan  &  Fond  du  Lac  Railroad. 
It  contains  a  court-house,  10  churches,  a  national  bank, 
another  bank,  a  high  school,  3  newspaper  offices,  and  many 
manufactories.     Pop.  in  1870,  6310 ;  in  1880,  7314. 

Sheboygan  Falls,  a  post- village  of  Sheboygan  co.. 
Wis.,  in  a  township  of  its  own  name,  on  the  Sheboygan 
A  Fond  du  Lao  Railroad,  38  miles  E.  of  Fond  du  Lac,  and 
on  the  Sheboygan  River,  6  miles  from  Lake  Michigan. 
It  has  water-power,  a  bank,  2  iiouring-mills,  2  woollen- 
mills,  6  churches,  a  high  school,  2  carriage-factories,  and  a 
sash-factory.  Cheese  is  exported  extensively  from  this  place. 
Pop.  1175;  of  the  township,  excluding  the  village,  1910. 

Sheboygan  River,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Fond  du  Lac 
CO.,  and  runs  northeastward  into  Manitowoc  co.,  from  which 
it  flows  southeastward  to  Sheboygan  Falls.  It  enters  Lake 
Michigan  at  the  city  of  Sheboygan.    See  also  Cheboygan. 

Shcbshe,  a  town  of  Bosnia.    See  Jepee. 

Shechem,  shee'kem,  a  town  of  Palestine. 

Shedd,  a  post-hamlet  of  Linn  co.,  Oregon,  on  the  Ore- 
gon <fc  California  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Albany.  It  has 
a  church. 

Shedden,  Victoria  co.,  Ontario.    See  Coboconk. 

Shediac,  sh5d'e-4k',  a  post-town  and  port  of  entry  on 
an  island  near  the  mouth  of  a  river  of  the  same  name,  on 
the  coast  of  New  Brunswick,  co.  of  Westmoreland.  The 
town  has  a  tolerable  harbor  on  Northumberland  Strait. 
Shediac  Railway  Station  is  at  Pointe  du  Ch6ne,  which  is 
often  called  Shediac.  It  has  a  printing-office  issuing  a 
weekly  paper,  a  Catholic  college,  15  stores,  6  hotels,  several 
mills,  and  a  large  boot-  and  shoe-factory.  It  exports  oys- 
ters and  lumber.     Pop.  600. 

Shed's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y., 
1  milo  from  Shed's  Corners  Station  of  the  Cazenovia  &  De 
Ruyter  Railroad,  28  miles  S.E.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  2 
churches  nnd  a  cheese-factory. 

Sheelin,  Lough,  Ireland.    See  LouoR  Sheelin. 

Sheemoga,  a  town  of  India.    See  Simooa. 

Sheen'water,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort  of  Erie 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  W.  shore  of  Grand  Island,  in  Niagara 
River,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Buffalo. 

Sheep'head,  a  post-office  of  Roop  co.,  Nevada. 

Sheep«IIead  Cape,  Ireland,  co.  of  Cork,  terminates 
the  peninsula  between  Duamanus  Bay  and  Bantry  Bay,  IS 
lailes  S.W.  of  Bantry. 

Sheep  Islands  are  a  cluster  of  islands  in  Lake 
Ooroomeeyah,  North  Persia,  province  of  Azerbaijan. 

Sheep  Mountain,  Colorado,  a  mountain  of  the  Park 
Range,  in  lat  39°  11'  35"  N.,  Ion.  106°  6'  46"  W.  It  has 
an  altitude  of  12,250  feet  above  the  sca-Ievel. 

Sheep  Ranch,  a  post-village  of  Calaveras  co.,  Cal.,  16 
miles  N.E.  of  San  Andreas.  It  has  a  gold-mine  and  1  or  2 
quartz-mills.     Pop.  about  200. 

Sheep'scott  Bridge,  a  post-bamlet  in  New  Castle 


township,  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  on  Slice]>f<cott  River,  5  mil«t 
N.E.  of  Wiscassct.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Shecpscott  River,  Maine,  rises  in  WuMu  oo.,  runt 
nearly  southward  through  Lincoln  co.,  and  enters  the  At- 
Inntio  Ocean  about  10  roilu.x  S.K.  of  Bath.  It  is  navigabia 
from  its  mouth  to  Wiscnsnot. 

Sheep's  Head  Bay,  or  The  Cove,  a  village  of 
Kings  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  ocean,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Coney  Island. 
It  has  a  church. 

Sheeraz,  Shiraz,  or  Chiraz,  she^rAx'  or  sbeo'riz, 
sometimes  written  Schiras,  a  city  of  Persia,  capital  of 
the  province  of  Fars,  in  a  valley  famous  for  its  ganleni 
and  fertility,  4500  feet  above  the  sea,  and  115  miles  E.N.E 
of  Bushire.  Lat.  2»o  30'  N. ;  Ion.  52°  44'  E.  Pop.  eitii 
mated  at  20,000.  It  is  enclosed  by  bastioned  walla  nearly 
4  miles  in  circumference,  and  entered  by  6  gates,  flanked 
with  towers.  It  formerly  hud  an  impoHing  appearance; 
but  many  of  its  best  edifices  wore  ruined  by  an  earthquake 
in  1824.  The  houses  are  mostly  small  and  mean,  the 
streets  filthy.  The  principal  buildings  coin]>rise  the  greiit 
bazaar,  the  citadel,  containing  a  royal  palace,  the  great 
mosque,  numerous  colleges,  baths,  and  Mohammedan 
tombs.  About  half  a  mile  outside  of  the  wall  are  the  tomb 
of  the  poet  Hafiz,  a  native  of  Sheeraz,  and  the  famed  gar- 
den of  Jehan  Namte,  to  which  the  inhabitants  repair  for 
recreation.  Sheeraz  has  manufactures  of  silk  and  woollen 
stuffs,  sword-blades,  sherbet,  soap,  earthenwares,  ond  wino. 
Its  commerce  is  extensive.  Wine,  rose-water,  attar  of  rosci, 
ossafoetida,  dried  fruits,  silk,  goats'-hair,  wool,  saffron, 
drugs,  horses,  orpiment,  madder,  and  tobacco  are  sent 
to  Bushire,  in  return  for  Chinese,  Indian,  and  European 
manufactures,  spices,  metals,  and  other  goods.  Salt  from 
adjacent  lakes,  and  other  morchaDdisc,  arc  forwarded  on 
mules  to  most  of  the  inland  cities  of  Persia. 

Sheer^ghur',  or  Shirgarh,  shcer'gur',  a  town  of 
India,  district  and  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Muttra.    Pop.  5305. 

Sheergot'ta,  Sheergot'ty,  Shergut'ty,  or  Sher« 
gati,  a  town  of  Bengal,  Gaya  district.  Lat.  24°  33'  24" 
N.;  Ion.  84°  50'  E.  It  has  some  manufactures,  and  waa 
formerly  a  place  of  great  importance.     Pop.  7033. 

Shecripoor,  India.    See  Sukupoor  and  SEEnpoon. 

Sheerkote,  or  Shirkot,  sheer^kot',  a  town  of  India, 
in  Bijnaur,  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Moradabad.     Pop.  12,586. 

Sheer^ness',  a  seaport  town  of  England,  in  Kent,  on 
the  N.W.  extremity  of  the  island  of  Shcppey,  ot  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Medway  with  the  Thames,  11  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Chatham.  Of  its  quarters,  Banks-town,  Blue-town, 
Marina,  and  Mile-town,  the  first  two  are  enclosed  within 
fortifications.  The  dock-yard,  occupying  60  acres,  containi 
a  wet-dock,  several  dry-docks,  extensive  storehouses,  hand- 
some official  residences,  <fec.  Outside  the  yard  is  Garrison 
Point,  with  the  residence  of  the  port  admiral,  coast-guard 
station,  and  barracks.  The  town  has  a  long  wharf,  and 
several  hulks  ranged  off  the  shore  form  a  breakwater.  It 
has  also  a  pier,  a  bathing  establishment,  and  numerous 
schools.  Exports,  corn,  seeds,  and  oysters  to  London ;  but 
the  trade  lies  chiefly  in  the  supply  of  the  government  es- 
tablishments. It  communicates  by  steamers  and  rail  with 
London  and  Chatham.     Pop.  13,956. 

Sheer^poor',  Sherepoor,  shecripoor',  or  Seer'- 
poor',  a  town  of  India,  district  and  23  miles  W.  of  Gba- 
zeepoor.     Pop.  7960. 

Shcerwan,  Russia.    See  Shirvan. 

Sheet  Har'bor,  a  post-village  in  Halifax  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  77  miles  E.  of  Halifax.  It 
has  several  saw-mills,  stores,  and  ship-yards.     Pop.  375. 

Shee-Tsien,  Shi-Tsicn,  Chi-Tsien,  she-tsee'- 
in',  or  Shee-Tsien-Foo,  a  city  of  China,  province  of 
Koei-Choo,  430  miles  N.W.  of  Canton. 

Shefeen,  or  Shefean,  shA-feen',  an  island  on  the 
S.E.  coast  of  Africa,  in  Delagoa  Bay.  It  is  about  5  miles 
long,  very  narrow,  low,  and  sandy. 

Sheffield,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West 
Riding,  capital  of  the  district  of  Ilallamshire,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Sheaf  and  Don  Rivers  (both  crossed  by  several 
bridges),  on  the  Sheffield  &  Don  Canal,  and  on  several  rail- 
ways, 141  miles  N.N.W.  of  London.  The  town  is  for  the 
most  part  irregularly  built,  consisting,  particularly  in  ita 
older  parts,  of  steep  and  narrow  streets,  and  brick  houses, 
often  of  an  antiquated  appearance.  In  the  more  modem 
parts  the  streets  are  both  wide  and  straight,  and  many  of 
the  shops  are  remarkable  for  their  elegance,  though  the 
clouds  of  smoke  cause  everything  to  assume  a  very  dingy 
hue.  Almost  all  the  streets  are  well  paved,  and  lighted 
with  gas. 

The  borough  has  numerous  churches,  among  which  are 
the  original  parish  church,  a  spacious  cruciform  structure. 


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St.  Paul's,  a  handsome  Grecian  edifice,  St.  George's,  St. 
Pli Hip's,  St.  Mary's,  a  Wesloyan  chapel,  a  very  imposing 
cdifioe,  and  a  Roman  Catholie  chapel,  a  cruciform  build- 
ing with  a  tower  terminating  in  an  elegant  spire  200  feet 
high.  The  other  more  important  buildings  and  institutions 
arc  the  town  hall,  a  substantial  stone  structure,  the  Cutlers' 
Hall,  a  handsome  Grecian  edifice,  the  music  hall,  the  corn 
exchange,  with  a  portico  of  10  massive  pillars,  market 
hall,  assembly-rooms,  theatre,  barracks,  public  baths,  the 
railway  stations,  grammar-school,  Wesley  College,  occupy- 
ing a  very  handsome  structure,  the  collegiate  proprietary 
school,  the  People's  College,  the  national,  British,  charity, 
infajit,  ragged,  and  various  other  schools,  the  school  of  de- 
sign, the  mechanics'  institution  and  lyceum,  for  which  com- 
plete and  even  elegant  accommodation  has  been  provided, 
the  atheniBum,  the  literary  and  philosophical  society,  pos- 
sessed of  a  good  museum,  the  medical  hall,  and  the  public 
and  mechanics'  libraries.  The  principal  benevolent  insti- 
tutions are  the  general  infirmary,  the  Shrewsbury  and  Hillis' 
Hospitals,  the  Licensed  Victuallers'  Asylum,  Deakin's 
Charity,  and  valuable  charities  under  the  management  of 
the  Cutlers'  Company.  To  the  other  objects  of  interest 
already  mentioned  may  be  added  the  parks,  the  botanic 
garden,  the  cemeteries,  Ac. 

The  suburbs  are  neatly  laid  out,  with  many  elegant  man- 
sions and  villas.  Sheffield  is  the  great  seat  of  the  manu- 
facture of  cutlery  (for  which  it  has  been  celebrated  since 
the  time  of  Chaucer),  silver-plate  and  plated  goods,  with 
nearly  everything  that  can  be  made  of  iron  or  steel.  It 
has  brass-foundries,  manufactures  of  britannia-metal  and 
German-silver  goods,  buttons,  combs,  optical  instruments, 
brushes,  and  wood-turning.  Steam-power  is  used  in  forging 
and  grinding,  for  which  operations  vast  buildings  are  con- 
structed. Coal  is  abundant  in  the  vicinity.  The  Don  is 
navigable  up  to  the  town,  and  the  canal  basin  admits  ves- 
sels of  50  tons.  There  are  large  mercantile  houses  trading 
with  foreign  countries.  Cheese,  corn,  and  fruit  are  staple 
articles  of  trade.  The  borough  is  divided  into  9  wards, 
and  sends  two  members  to  Parliament.  It  is  the  scat  of 
quarter  sessions  and  a  county  court.     P.  (1881)  284,410, 

Sheffield,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Ala.,  about  34 
miles  N.  of  Tuscaloosa. 

Sheffield,  a  post-village  in  Concord  township,  Bureau 
CO.,  III.,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  <fc  Pacific  Railroad, 
37i  miles  W.  of  La  Salle,  and  23  miles  E.S.B.  of  Geneseo. 
It  has  valuable  coal-mines,  a  union  school,  a  banking- 
house,  and  6  churches.     Pop.  1000, 

Sheffield,  a  village  of  Greene  co..  III.,  on  the  Rockford, 
Rock  Island  Jb  St.  Louis  Railroad,  at  Sheffield  Station,  28 
miles  N.  of  Alton.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  wagon-shop. 
Here  is  Rockbridge  Post-Office. 

Sheffield,  a  post-office  and  station  in  North  township, 
Lake  co.,  Ind.,  on  3  railroads,  viz.,  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio, 
the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  <fc  Chicago,  and  the  Lake  Shore 
&  Michigan  Southern,  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Chicago. 

Sheffield,  township,  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1599. 

Sheffield,  a  post-village  in  Clinton  township,  Franklin 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  Iowa,  18  miles  S.  of 
Mason  City.     It  h.as  a  church  and  a  flour- mill. 

Sheffield,  a  post-village  in  Sheffield  township,  Berk- 
shire CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Housatonic  River  and  the  Housa- 
tonic  Railroad,  31  miles  S.  of  Pittsfield,  and  about  45  miles 
W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  an  academy, 
and  several  mills.  The  township  is  noted  for  its  beautiful 
mountain-scenery  and  its  quarries  of  white  marble.  The 
columns  of  Girard  College,  Philadelphia,  are  formed  of 
Sheffield  marble.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2233. 

Sheffield,  a  township  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0.     Pop.  770. 

Sheffield,  a  post-township  of  Lorain  co.,  0.,  about  20 
miles  W.  of  Cleveland,  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake  Erie, 
and  intersected  by  Black  River.     Pop.  973. 

Sheffield,  a  post- village  of  AVarren  co..  Pa.,  in  Sheffield 
township,  on  Tionesta  Creek,  and  on  the  Philadelphia  & 
Erie  Railroad,  41  miles  E.S.E.  of  Corry.  It  has  a  church, 
a  tannery,  and  a  lumber-mill,  and  is  lighted  with  natural 
gas.     Pop.  of  the  township,  660. 

Sheffield,  a  post-office  of  Rhea  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Cin- 
cinnati Southern  Railroad,  50  miles  N.  of  Chattanooga. 

Sheffield,  a  post-village  of  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  in  Shef- 
field township,  about  36  miles  N.E.  of  Montpelier,  and  15 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  St.  Johnsbury.  It  has  2  churches  and 
2  saw-mills.     Pop.  of  the  township,  811. 

Sheffield,  a  post-village  in  Sunbury  co.,  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  the  river  St.  John,  64  miles  N.  of  St.  John.  It  is 
the  seat  of  an  academy.     Pop.  150. 

Sheffield,  a  post-village  in  Wentworth  co.,  Ontario,  14 
miles  W.N.W,  of  Dundas.    It  has  3  stores.    Pop.  150. 


Sheffield  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  Nora 
Scotia,  at  the  head  of  the  Habitant  River,  7  miles  from 
Kentville.     Pop.  200. 

Shef'ford,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  12  miles  by 
rail  S.E.  of  Bedford.     Pop.  1111. 

Shef'ford,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Quebec, 
drained  by  the  Yamaska  River,  and  traversed  by  the  Stan- 
stead,  ShefFord  <fc  Chambly  Railway.  Area,  555  square 
miles.     Capital,  Waterloo.     Pop.  19,077. 

Shef'ford  Mountain,  a  post-village  in  Shefford  co., 
Quebec,  4i  miles  from  Granby.     Pop.  100. 

Shefkateel-Soo,  or  Shefkatil-Su,  shfirki-teel'- 
soo,  a  small  river  which  enters  the  Black  Sea  on  its  B.  side, 

Shegaon,  she-gaw'Qn,  or  Sheogawni,  she-9-gawm', 
a  town  and  cotton-mart  of  India,  on  the  Great  India  Rail- 
way,  district  of  A  kola.     Pop.  7450. 

Sheher-Babic  and  Sneher-e-Babec.    See  Ba- 

BABKO. 

Shehr,  sh^n'r  or  shd'h?r,  a  Persian  and  Turkish  word 
signifying  "city"  or  "town,"  forming  the  name  or  a  part 
of  the  name  of  a  number  of  towns  in  Western  Asia. 

Shehr,  a  popular  appellation  in  the  Mahrd  dialect  of  the 
lofty  range  of  mountains  extending  from  the  E.  limits  of 
Mahrah  to  Dhofar  and  Mirbat.  'They  are  named  on  tho 
maps  the  Mountains  of  Sejeb  or  Seger. 

Shehr,  shfia'r,  a  maritime  town  of  Arabia,  on  its  S.E. 
coast,  32  miles  E.N.E.  of  Makallah.  Lat.  14°  48'  N. ;  Ion. 
49°  40'  E.  Pop.  estimated  at  6000.  It  has  manufactures 
of  coarse  cotton  cloths,  gunpowder,  arms,  <tc.,  and  a  brisk 
general  trade. 

Shehr,  a  town  of  Arabia,  lat.  14°  38'  30'  N.,  Ion.  49" 
27'  35"  E.,  formerly  important,  but  now  a  village  occupied 
by  fishermen's  families. 

Shehr-e-Soobz,  Shehr«e-Soubz,  or  Shehr-i- 
Subz,  sh6h'r-ee-8oobs,  also  written  Schar-i-Sabs,  a 
town  of  Asiatic  Russia,  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Samarcand,  and 
occupying  the  site  of  Kesh.  It  comprises  within  its  walls 
two  towns,  Shehr  and  Kitab.    Pop.  35,000. 

Shehrizoor,  Shehrizour,  Shehrizur,  shehVe- 
zoor'  (written  also  Shehrzoor,  shih'rV.oor',  and  Shehre- 
zur),  or  Shahriznl,  shi^re-zool',  a  town  of  Turkish 
Koordistan,  near  the  Persian  frontier,  160  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Bagdad. 

Sheik  (or  Shek)  Abadeh,  Egypt.    See  Ababde. 

Sheikhan,  shi^kin',  a  village  of  Persian  Koordistan, 
16  miles  N.W.  of  Zohab. 

Sheik  Shaib,  Persian  Gulf.    See  Busheab. 

Sheik's  (shi'iks)  Islands,  of  Africa,  are  in  the  Bay 
of  Zeyla,  Sea  of  Bab-el-Mandeb,  between  Zeyla  and  la- 
joorah. 

Sheilds,  Dodge  co.,  Wis.    See  Shields. 

Sheipoo,  shi'poo',  a  maritime  town  of  China,  province 
of  Che-Kiang,  40  miles  S.  of  Ning-Po.  It  has  a  consider- 
able trade. 

Shekhoabad,  Shekoabad,  sh5k-ko*i-bid',  or 
Shik^hoabad',  a  town  of  India,  in  Minpooree,  35  miles 
by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Agra.     Pop.  10,070. 

Shek^hoopoor',  a  town  of  India,  in  Rohilcund.  Pop, 
6226. 

Shekineh,  shi-kee'nek,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the 
Yeshil-Irmak,  72  miles  N.N.E.  of  Amasia. 

Shekom'eko,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Dutchess  &  Columbia  Railroad,  8i  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Millerton. 

Shek-Pei-Wan,  shik^piVin',  a  maritime  village  on 
the  S.  coast  of  Hong-Kong. 

Sheksna,  Schecsna,  or  Cheksna,  shSks'n^,  a  river 
of  Russia,  issues  from  Lake  Bielo-Ozero,  in  the  N.  of  the 
government  of  Novgorod,  flows  S.S.E.,  and  joins  the  Volga 
on  the  left.     Length,  150  miles. 

Shelbi'na,  a  post- village  in  Salt  River  township,  Shel- 
by CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Hannibal  <fc  St.  Joseph  Railroad,  47 
miles  W.  of  Hannibal,  and  23  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Macon.  It 
contains  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  5 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and 
tobacco.  It  is  the  largest  village  in  the  county,  and  is  an 
important  shipping-point.     Pop.  in  1880,  1289. 

Shel'burn,  a  post-village  in  Curry  township,  Sullivan 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  tho  Evansvillo  <t  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  21 
miles  S.  of  Torre  Haute.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school, 
and  a  flour-mill.     Coal  is  mined  hero.     Pop.  about  500. 

Shel'burne,  a  post-hamlet  in  Shelburne  township, 
Franklin  co.,  Mass..  about  36  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Springfield. 
The  township  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Deerfield 
River,  and  contains  part  of  a  village  named  Shelburne 
Falls.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1880,  1621, 

Shelburne,   a  post-office  and    station  in   Shelburne 


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township,  Coo«  oo.,  N.II.,  on  the  AndrosoogRin  Rivor  and 
the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  80  miles  N.N.W.  of  Portland, 
Mo.  Mount  Daldonp  is  in  this  tovruship.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 259. 

Shclburne,  a  post-village  in  Sholburno  township,  Chit- 
tendon  CO..  Vt.,  on  tho  Rutland  <b  Burlinj^ton  Railroiul,  7 
miles  S.  of  Burlington,  and  about  2  miles  E.of  Lake  Chnm- 
filain.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy  or  high  school,  a 
ehecso-factory,  and  a  grist-mill.  Tho  township  is  bounded 
on  tho  W.  by  Luke  ChamiJain.  Pop.  of  the  township,  IIUO. 

Shcl'buriic,  a  county  in  tho  S.W.  oxtrcuiity  of  Nova 
Scotia,  bordering  on  the  Atlantic.  Area,  945  square  miles. 
The  coasts  are  remarkable  for  their  numerous  deep  indenta- 
tionei,  forming  excellent  harbors,  into  which  flow  tho  Clyde, 
Jordan,  and  other  considerable  rivers.  Tho  surface  is 
mountainous  along  the  shore ;  tho  interior  is  mostly  level. 
Capital,  Shelburne.     Pop.  12,417. 

Shelburne^  a  seaport  town  of  Nova  Scotia,  capital  of 
the  oo.  of  Shelburne,  on  the  N.E.  arm  of  a  capacious  har- 
bor, 160  miles  S.W.  of  Halifax.  This  harbor  is  regarded  as 
the  best  in  Nova  Scotia.  On  tho  S.E.  point  of  McNutt's 
Island,  at  its  cntranoo,  stands  a  light-house,  exhibiting  2 
lights,  the  higher  of  which  is  120  feet  above  tho  sea.  Shel- 
burne is  a  place  of  considerable  trade,  and  has  excellent 
facilities  for  the  repairing  and  furnishing  of  vessels.  It 
contains  iron-works,  several  hotels,  and  a  number  of  stores. 
Pop.  1000.    See  also  Middle  Ohio. 

Shelburne  Bay,  Northeast  Australia,  is  an  inlet  of 
tho  Pacific  Ocean,  lat.  11°  50'  S.,  Ion.  143°  E. 

Shelburne  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co., 
Mass.,  in  Shelburne  and  Buckland  townships,  on  the  Deer- 
field  River  and  the  Vermont  &  Mivssachuaetts  Railroad,  17 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  the  Hoosao  Tunnel,  and  69  miles  W.  of 
Fitchburg.  Tho  river  here  falls  about  150  feet.  This  vil- 
lage has  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  largo  manufac- 
tory of  cutlery  and  hardware,  a  public  library,  an  academy, 
4  churches,  and  a  silk-factory. 

Shel'by,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Alabama, 
has  an  area  of  about  772  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
tho  E.  by  the  Coosa  River,  and  is  intersected  in  the  N.W. 
part  by  the  Cahawba  River,  The  surface  is  finely  diversi- 
fied with  hills  and  valleys.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Forests  of 
the  oak,  hickory,  pine,  and  other  trees  cover  a  large  |)art 
of  its  area.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Among  its  mineral  resources  are  bitu- 
minous coal  and  iron  ore.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Knilroad,  tlie  Louis- 
ville &  Nashville  Railroad,  and  the  Central  Ruilroad  of 
Georgia,  the  first  two  of  which  connect  with  Columbiana, 
the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,218;  in  1880,  17,236;  in 
1890,  20,886. 

Shelby,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Illinois,  has 
nn  area  of  about  776  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Kaskaskia  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  South  Fork  of 
the  Sangamon  and  the  Little  M'abash  River.  The  surface 
is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  forests  of 
the  white  oak,  ash,  hickory,  maple,  black  walnut,  &o.  The 
soil  is  very  fertile.  It  has  many  thousand  acres  of  wood- 
land. Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  pork,  and 
sorghum  molasses  are  the  staple  products.  Bituminous 
coal  is  found  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Cleve- 
land, Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  the  Illinois 
Central  Railroad,  the  Ohio  <fc  Mississippi  Railroad,  the 
Chicago  &  Eastern  Illinois'Railroad,  the  Wabash  Railroad, 
and  the  Toledo,  St.  Louis  &  Kansas  City  Railroad.  Capi- 
tal, Shelby ville.  Pop.  in  1870,  25,476;  in  1880,  30,270; 
in  1890,  31,191. 

Shelby,  a  county  in  tho  S.E.  central  part  of  Indiana, 
has  an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  Blue  River  (or  the  East  Fork  of  White  River),  and  also 
drained  by  Flat  Rock  Creek  and  Sugar  Creek.  Tho  sur- 
face is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests 
of  the  ash,  beech,  oak,  sugar-iiiiiple,  black  walnut,  and  other 
trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  cattle,  hay, 
and  pork  are  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  <fc  St.  Louis  Rail- 
road, the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  <fc  St.  Louis  Kail- 
road,  and  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Dayton  Railroad. 
Capital,  Shelbyville.  Pop.  in  1870,  21,892 ;  in  1880,  25,257 ; 
in  1890,  25,454. 

Shelby,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Iowa,  hns  an  area 
of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  West  Nishna- 
batona  River,  and  also  drained  by  Mosquito,  Silver,  and 
Indian  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level, 
and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  woodlands.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  Maize,  wheat,  hay,  oats,  and  live-stock  are  the 
Staples.    This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Rock 


Island  &  Paciflo  Rnilroad,  tho  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St 
Paul  Railroad,  and  the  Chiongo  A  Northwestern  Railroiiil. 
Capital,  Harlan.  Pop.  in  1870,  2540;  in  1880,  12,(>UC:  in 
ISitO,  17,011. 

Shelby,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kentucky,  has  an 
area  <>f  about  405  square  miles.  It  is  drain>-d  by  Heouh 
and  Clear  Creeks  and  i>tuall  afllucntsof  the  Kentucky  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  good  timber.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indi;in 
corn,  wheat,  oats,  cattle,  pork,  and  butter  are  tho  ftiiplu 
products.  Silurian  limcHtone  underlies  a  large  ))art  of  tbo 
surface.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Louisville  It 
Nashville  Railroad  and  the  Louisville  Southern  Railroad. 
Capital,  Shelbyville.  Pop.  in  1870, 15,733;  in  1880, 16,813- 
in  1890,  16,521. 

Shelby,  a  county  in  tho  N.E.  part  of  Missouri,  hag  an 
area  of  about  514  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
North  Fork  of  Salt  River  and  a  stream  called  North  Two 
River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  tho  South  Fabius  Rivor. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairici 
and  forests  of  the  oak,  hickory,  ash,  black  walnut,  and 
other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  outs,  hay, 
cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Among  iu  min- 
erals is  limestone.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Han- 
nibal &  St.  Joseph  Railroad.  Capital,  Shelbyville.  Pop. 
in  1870,  10,119;  in  1880,  14,024;  in  1890,  15,642. 

Shelby,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an  aren 
of  about  420  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  tho  Miami 
River,  and  also  drained  by  Lorariiie's  Creek.  The  Kurfiico 
is  partly  undulating  and  partly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  ktapio 
products.  Nearly  one-third  of  its  area  is  covered  with 
forests  of  the  oak,  ash,  sugar-maple,  hickory,  Ac.  Tliij 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Miami  Canal,  the  Cincinnati, 
Hamilton  &  Dayton  Railroad,  ond  the  Cleveland,  Cinciu- 
nati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Rnilroad.  Capital,  Sidney.  Pop. 
in  1870,  20,748;  in  1880,  24,137;  in  1890,  24,707. 

Shelby,  the  most  southwestern  county  of  Tennecsee, 
borders  on  the  state  of  Mississippi.  Area,  about  728  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Mifsissip])i  River, 
and  intersected  by  the  Loosah.atchce  and  Wolf  Rivers  and 
Elk  Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  the  nsh,  cypress,  elm,  gucu,  maple, 
oak,  hicftory,  tulip-tree,  walnut,  and  other  trees.  The  soil 
is  very  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  pork,  and  lum- 
ber are  tho  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  tho  Mem- 
phis it  Charleston  Railroad,  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad, 
the  Kansas  City,  Fort  Scott  &  Memphis  Railroad,  the 
Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  the  Newport  News  &  Mii- 
sissippi  V^alley  Railroad,  and  other  railroads,  which  centre 
at  Memphis,  the  capital.  This  is  the  most  populous  county 
of  the  state.  Pop.  in  1870,  76,378;  in  1880,  78,430;  in 
1890,  112,740. 

Shelby,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Texas,  borders  on 
Louisiana.  Area,  about  800  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  tho  E.  by  tho  Sabine  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  At- 
toyac  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level, 
and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  Tho  soil  ii 
fertile.  Cotton,  cattle,  Indian  corn,  and  ]>ork  arc  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  traversed  in  the  N.  part  by  the 
Houston,  East  &  We-^t  Texas  Railroad.  Capital,  Center. 
Pop.  in  1870,  5732;  in  1880,  9523;  in  1890,  14,.'i65. 

Shelby,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Ala.,  about  5  miles 
S.  of  Ciilumbiana,  the  capital  of  the  county. 

Shelby,  a  township  of  Edwards  co.,  III.     Pop.  1469. 

Shel  by,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  about  18  miles 
by  rail  S.  of  Crown  Point. 

Shelby,  a  township  of  Ripley  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  2365. 

Shelby,  a  township  of  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1453. 

Shelby,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chi- 
cago, I'.ook  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  32  miles  N.E.  of 
Council  Bluffs.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  582. 

Shelby,  a  township  of  Macomb  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  in 
1890,  1653.     It  contains  Utica. 

Shelby,  a  post- village  in  Shelby  township,  Oceana  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Michigan  Lake  Shore  Railroad, 
31  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Muskegon,  13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pent- 
water,  and  6  miles  S.  of  Hart.  It  has  a  planing-mill,  a 
saw-mill,  2  hotels,  4  stores,  and  a  money-order  post-oflBce. 
Pop.  in  1890,  994;  of  the  township,  2470. 

Shelby,  a  township  of  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn.   Pop.  723. 

Shelby,  or  Shelby  Centre,  a  post-village  in  .Shelby 
township,  Orleans  co.,  N.Y.,  about  15  miles  E.  of  Loekport, 
and  2  or  3  miles  S.  of  Medina  Station  on  the  New  York 
Central  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  paper-mill. 
The  name  of  its  post-ofiice  is  Shelby.  This  township  con- 
tains part  of  Medina  village.     Pop.  of  the  township,  3702. 


SIIS 


2451 


SHE 


Shelby,  a  post-villago,  capital  of  Cleveland  oo.,  N.C., 
in  Shelby  township,  on  or  near  the  First  Broad  River,  and 
on  the  Carolina  Central  Railroad,  54  miles  W.  of  Charlotte. 
It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  female  seminary,  4  churches,  a 
paper-mill,  a  foundry,  and  a  manufactory  of  sowing-ma- 
chines. About  5000  bales  of  cotton  are  shipped  here  in  a 
year.     Pop.  about  1000;  of  the  township,  1849. 

Shelby,  a  post-village  in  Sharon  township,  Richland 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  S.andusky,  Mansfield  <fc  Newark  Railroad 
where  it  crosses  the  Cleveland,  Columbus,  Cincinnati  <fc  In- 
dianapolis Railroad,  42  miles  S.  of  Sandusky,  12  miles 
N.W.  of  Mansfield,  and  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Crestline.  It 
has  a  national  btxnk,  a  banking-house,  1  or  2  newspaper 
ofBces,  7  churches,  a  union  school,  and  manufactures  of 
portable  engines,  carriages,  and  flour.  Pop.  about  2500. 
The  name  of  its  station  is  Shelby  Junction. 

Shelby,  a  village  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Louis- 
ville k  Memphis  Railroad,  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Memphis. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill.  Pop.  about  100.  Here 
is  Sulphur  Well  Post-Office. 

Shelby,  a  post-hamlet  of  Austin  co.,  Tex.,  about  18 
miles  S.W.  of  Rrenhara. 

Shelby,  a  post-office  in  Shelby  township,  La  Crosse  co., 
"Wis.,  6  miles  S.E.  of  the  city  of  La  Crosse.  The  township 
is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  has  a 
pop.  of  837. 

Shelby  Basin,  a  post-office  of  Orleans  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Erie  Canal,  about  44  miles  W.  of  Rochester. 

Shelby  Centre,  a  hamlet  in  Shelby  township.  Blue 
Earth  CO.,  Minn.,  6  miles  from  Winnebago  City. 

Shelby  Centre,  New  York.    See  Shelbv. 

Shelby  City,  a  post-village  of  Boyle  co.,  Ky.,  at  Dan- 
ville Junction,  on  the  Knoxville  Branch  of  the  Louisville 
&  Nashville  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Cincinnati 
Southern  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Danville,  and  86  miles 
S.E.  of  Louisville.     It  has  3  churches. 

Shelby  Iron-Works,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co., 
Ala.,  0  miles  S.  of  Columbiana,  and  about  36  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Birmingham.  It  has  a  church,  and  2  furnaces  which 
produce  pig-iron.     Pop.  about  700. 

Shelby  Junction,  a  station  in  Jefferson  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Louisville,  Cincinnati  &  Lexington  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Shelby  Railroad,  12  miles  E.  of  Louisville. 

Shelby  Junction,  Richland  co.,  Ohio.    See  Shelby. 

Shelby  Springs,  a  hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Sclma,  Rome  <fc  Dalton  Railroad,  60  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Selma.     Here  is  a  sulphur  spring. 

Shel'byville,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Shelby  co.,  111.,  on 
the  Kaskaskia  River,  and  on  the  Indianapolis  A  St.  Louis 
Railroad,  23  miles  AV.  by  S.  of  Mattoon,  and  about  32  miles 
S.  by  E.  of  Decatur.  It  contains  a  court-house,  8  churches, 
a  national  bank,  2  other  banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  high 
school,  3  flouring-mills,  a  foundry  and  machine-shop,  a 
■woollen-mill,  manufactures  of  carri.iges  and  ploughs,  and  a 
graded  school  with  a  fine  house.     Pop.  in  1880,  293y. 

Shelbyville,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind., 
in  Addison  township,  on  the  Blue  River,  and  on  the  India- 
napolis, Cincinnati  &  Lafayette  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Columbus  <fc  Rushville  Railroad,  27  miles  S.E.  of  Indiiinap- 
olis,  24  miles  N.N.E.  of  Columbus,  and  20  miles  W.S.^\'■. 
of  Rushville.  It  has  7  churches,  a  court-house,  a  national 
bank,  a  banking-house,  a  high  school,  3  newspaper  offices, 
a  furniture-factory,  and  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  (1880)  3745. 

Shelbyville,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Iowa. 

Shelbyville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Shelby  co.,  Ky., 
on  Clear  Creek,  31  miles  E.  of  Louisville,  and  20  miles  W. 
of  Frankfort.  It  is  connected  with  Louisville  by  the  Shel- 
byville Branch  of  the  Louisville,  Cincinnati  A  Lexington 
Railroad,  and  contains  a  court-house,  about  10  churches,  2 
banks,  the  Shelbyville  Female  College,  2  newspaper  offices, 
and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  in  1S80,  23S0. 

Shelbyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Martin  and  Wayland  townships,  on  the  Grand  Rapids  & 
Indiana  Railroad,  27  miles  S.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  2 
steam  saw-mills. 

Shelbyville,  a  post-village  in  Shelby  township,  Blue 
Earth  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  Blue  Earth  River,  6  miles  N.  of 
Winnebago  City,  and  about  25  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mankato. 
It  has  a  church  and  2  flour-mills. 

Shelbyville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Shelby  co..  Mo., 
in  Black  Creek  township,  on  Black  Creek,  8  miles  N.  of 
Shelbina,  about  40  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Hannibal,  and  25  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Macon.  It  has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
high  school,  4  churches,  and  a  plough-factory.     Pop.  700. 

Shelbyville,  a  post-villago,  capital  of  Bedford  co., 
Tenn.,  on  Duck  River,  and  on  a  railroad  (8  miles  long) 
which  connects  at  Wartrace  with  the  Nashville  &  Chatta- 


nooga Railroad,  about  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Columbia,  and  6C 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Nashville.  It  contains  a  fine  court-house, 
which  cost  about  $90,000,  the  Shelbyville  Collegiate  Insti- 
tute, a  graded  school,  8  churches  (besides  4  colored  churches), 
a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  2 
flour-mills,  a  cotton-factory,  and  a  carriage-shop.  It  is  one 
of  the  chief  grain-markets  of  the  state.     Pop.  about  2500. 

Shelbyville,  a  post-villago  of  Shelby  co.,  Tex.,  about 
95  miles  E.  of  Palestine.  It  has  a  church,  a  seminary,  a 
grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

ShePdahl',  a  post-village  in  Palestine  township,  Story 
CO.,  Iowa  (and  partly  in  Boone  and  Polk  cos.),  on  the  Des 
Moines  <fc  Minneapolis  Railroad,  25  miles  N.  of  Dea  Moines. 
It  has  a  church,  an  elevator,  a  money-order  post-office,  a 
mill,  and  about  75  houses. 

SheI'den,  a  station  in  Harris  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Texas  & 
New  Orleans  Railroad,  12  miles  E.  of  Houston. 

SheI'don,  a  post-village  in  Sheldon  township,  Iroquois 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  the  Cincinnati,  Lafayette  <fc  Chicago  Railroad,  30 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Kankakee,  and  9  miles  E.  of  Watseka.  It 
has  2  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  3  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  bricks,  barrels,  brooms,  <tc.  Pop.  in  1880,  947; 
of  the  township,  1939. 

Sheldon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Fort 
Wayne,  Muncie  <fc  Cincinnati  Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of  Fort 
Wayne.     It  has  a  church. 

Sheldon,  a  post-villago  in  Floyd  township,  O'Brien 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago,  Milw.aukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad 
where  it  crosses  the  Siou.x  City  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  58 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Sioux  City,  and  36  miles  W.  of  Spencer. 
It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  and  3  churches.     P.  730. 

Sheldon,  a  post-office  of  Harvey  co.,  Kansas,  8  or  9 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Newton. 

Sheldon,  or  Sheldon's  Corners.    See  Cantox. 

Sheldon,  a  post-village  in  Sheldon  township,  Houston 
CO.,  Minn.,  about  28  miles  S.  of  Winona,  and  6  miles  N.W. 
of  Caledonia.  It  has  a  church  and  a  flouring-mill.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  899. 

Sheldon,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sheldon  township,  Wyo- 
ming CO.,  N.Y.,  about  10  miles  W.  of  AVarsaw,  and  30  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Buffalo.  The  township  contains  the  villages  of 
Strykersville  and  Varysburg.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2277. 

Sheldon,  a  post-office  of  Susquehanna  oo..  Pa.,  14 
miles  from  Binghamton,  N.Y. 

Sheldon,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Sheldon  township, 
Beaufort  co.,  S.C.,  on  the  Port  Royal  Railroad,  14  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Beaufort.     Pop.  of  the  township,  6466, 

Sheldon,  or  Sheldon  Springs,  a  post-vill.ige  in 
Sheldon  township,  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Portland  A 
Ogdensburg  Railroad  and  the  Central  Railroad,  10  miles 
E.N.E.  of  St.  Albans,  and  about  1  mile  S.  of  the  Missisquoi 
River.  It  has  3  churches,  several  hotels,  and  boarding- 
houses.  Here  are  mineral  springs  which  contain  soda, 
iron,  crenic  acid,  Ac,  and  attract  many  visitors.  Largo 
quantities  of  the  water  are  bottled  for  exportation.  The 
township  contains  North  Sheldon,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1697. 

Sheldon,  a  station  of  the  Central  Vermont  Railro.ad, 
10  miles  E.N.E.  of  St.  Albans,  and  2  miles  N.  of  Sheldon 
Springs. 

Sheldon,  a  station  of  the  Portland  &  Ogdensburg  Rail 
road,  2  miles  S.  of  Sheldon  Junction,  Vt. 

Sheldon,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  AVis.     Pop.  742. 

Sheldon,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  10  miles 
N.  by  AV.  of  Mono  Mills.     Pop.  125. 

Sheldon  Junction,  a  station  in  Franklin  oo.,  A't.,  on 
the  Portland  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  and  on  the  Central 
Vermont  Railroad,  14  miles  E.  of  Lake  Chamj)lain. 

Sheldon's  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuyler  co..  111., 
about  30  miles  N.  of  Jacksonville.     It  has  a  church. 

Sheldon  Springs,  Franklin  co.,  A'^t.    See  Siieldox. 

SheI'donville,  a  post-village  in  AA'renthara  township, 
Norfolk  CO.,  Mass.,  about  30  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Boston.  It 
has  a  church. 

SheI'drake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Seneca  co.,  N.Y.,  at  Shel- 
drake Point,  on  Cayuga  Lake,  about  20  miles  N.N.AV.  of 
Ithaca.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam  mill,  and  a  landing  for 
steamboats. 

Shelghur,  shirgiir',  a  town  of  Afghanistan,  15  miles 
S.E.  of  Ghuznee.  It  has  a  fort,  and  is  inhabited  by  a  tribe 
of  Afghans  called  Lohanis.     Pop.  3000. 

Shelikotf,  Sheligov,  Schelikow,  or  Chcligoif, 
shi'le-Kof,  a  strait  or  channel  of  Alaska,  between  the  island 
of  Kadiak  and  the  mainland.     See  also  Iliamna  Lake. 

Shell  Creek,  Nebraska,  intersects  Platte  co.,  runs 
southeastward  and  eastward,  and  enters  the  Platte  in  Col- 
fax CO.,  about  3  miles  E.  of  Schuyler.    Length,  80  mileti 


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Shell  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Colfax  eo.,  Neb. 
Shellilf,  8h«riifr  or  shdlMeof,   Chelif,    or  China 

Lnph,  che-nJL-l&f,  one  of  the  principal  rivers  of  Algeria, 
rises  in  Mount  Atliut,  flows  through  Lake  Tittori,  and,  after 
a  N.  and  N.W.  course  of  250  miles,  enters  the  Moditorrancun 
N.K.  of  Mostagancin. 

Shell  Knob,  nCb,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barry  co.,  Mo.,  40 
miles  S.  of  Logan  Station.     It  has  a  charch. 

Shell  Mound,  a  station  of  Marion  oo.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Tcnnossoo  River,  and  on  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St. 
Louis  Itiiilroad,  22  miles  W.  of  Chattanooga. 

Shell  Kiver,  of  St.  Croix  co..  Wis.,  enters  the  St.  Croix 
River  at  the  N.W.  extremity  of  the  county.  Ita  Indian 
■ame  is  Katesikano. 

Shell  Rock,  a  post-town  in  Shell  Rock  township,  But- 
ler CO.,  Iowa,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the 
Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  <k  Northern  and  Iowa  <t  Pa- 
cific Railroads,  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cedar  Falls,  and  about 
8  miles  W.  of  Wavorly.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  2 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  flour  and  woollen  goods. 
Top.  in  1880,  719;  of  the  township,  1624. 

Shell  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Greenwood  co.,  Kansas, 
on  the  Verdigris  River,  about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Burlington. 

Shell  Rock,  a  post-hamlct  in  Shell  Rock  township, 
Freeborn  co.,  Minn.,  8  miles  S.B.  of  Albert  Lea,  and  about 
17  miles  W.S.W.  of  Austin.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1013. 

Shell  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Tarrant  co.,  Tex. 

Shell  Rock  Creek,  Iowa,  rises  near  the  N.  border 
»f  the  state,  and  unites  with  Lime  Creek,  in  Floyd  co.,  to 
form  the  English  River. 

Shell  Rock  River  rises  in  Freeborn  co.,  Minn.,  passes 
Into  Iowa,  runs  in  a  S.S.B.  direction,  intersects  the  cos.  of 
Worth,  Floyd,  and  Butler,  and  enters  the  Cedar  River  in 
Black  Hawk  co.,  about  6  miles  N.  of  Cedar  Falls. 

Shells'burg,  a  post-village  in  Canton  township,  Bon- 
ton  CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern 
Railroad,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Cedar  Rapids,  and  10  miles 
E.S.B.  of  Vinton.  It  has  a  bank,  a  money-order  post- 
office,  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Pop.  about  700. 

Shel'ly,  a  post-village  in  Richland  township,  Bucks  co.. 
Pa.,  on  the  North  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  42  miles  N.  of 
Philadelphia.     It  has  a  cigar-factory. 

Shelly,  a  station  in  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Perkiomen 
Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of  AUentown. 

Sheloc'ta,  a  post-borough  in  Armstrong  township,  In- 
diana CO.,  Pa.,  on  Crooked  Creek,  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Pitts- 
burg.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  113. 

Shel'ter  Cove,  a  hamlet  and  shipping-point  of  Hum- 
boldt CO.,  Cat.,  on  the  Pacific  Ocean,  about  30  miles  S.  of 
Cape  Mendocino. 

Shelter  Island,  a  post-hamlet,  summer  resort,  and 
township  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  on  an  island  of  the  same 
name,  between  Gardiner's  Bay  and  Peconic  Bay,  1  mile  S. 
of  Greenport.  It  has  a  windmill,  a  church,  and  a  large 
hotel.  Pop.  of  the  township,  645.  Its  surface  is  hilly  and 
presents  beautiful  scenery.     The  island  is  6  miles  long. 

Shel'ton,  a  township  and  chapelry  of  England,  co.  of 
Stafford,  2  miles  E.N.E.  of  Newcastlo-under-Lype.  It  com- 
prises the  village  of  Etruria  and  part  of  Cobridge,  and  is 
on  the  lino  of  the  Crewe  <fc  Derby  Railway  and  the  Grand 
Trunk  Canal. 

Shel'ton,  a  village  in  Huntington  township,  Fairfield 
CO.,  Conn.,  on  the  Ilousatonic  River,  opposite  Birmingham, 
and  i  mile  from  Birmingham  Station.  It  has  manufactures 
of  paper,  silver-plated  goods,  hosiery,  and  pins.     P.  1362. 

Shelton,  a  post-village  of  Buffalo  co.,  Neb.,  on  Wood 
River,  and  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  13  miles  E.  by 
N.  of  Kearney.     It  has  a  flouring-mill. 

Shelton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfield  eo.,  S.C,  on  Broad 
Riv^er,  and  on  the  Spartanburg  &  Union  Railroad,  45  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Columbia.     Here  are  2  stores. 

Shelton'8  Ford,  a  post-office  of  Grainger  co.,  Tenn. 

Shel'tonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Forsyth  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Chattahoochee  River,  3  miles  from  Suwanee  Railroad 
Station.     It  has  2  churches.     Gold  is  found  here. 

Shelv'ing  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y. 

Shemaka,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Shamaka. 

Shembeghewn,  shSm^b^h-giln',  a  town  of  Burmah, 
on  the  Irrawaddy,  68  miles  N.AV.  of  Patonago.  Lat.  20° 
30'  N.;  Ion.  94°  30'  E. 

Shemoga,  a  town  of  India.     See  Simoga. 

Shen^ando'ah,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  North  Fork  of  the  Shenandoah  River,  and  is  partly 
drained  by  Cedar  Creek.  It  is  a  part  of  the  Great  Valley 
of  Virginia,  and  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Massanutten 


Mountain.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  beautiful  scenery 
and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  hickory* 
chestnut,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  In- 
dian corn,  oats,  cattle,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products. 
Among  Its  minerals  are  limestone  and  slate.  This  county 
is  connected  with  Alexandria  by  a  branch  of  the  Virginia 
Midland  Railroad.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Valley  Branch 
of  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad.  Capital,  Woodstock. 
Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $6,728,100.  Pop  in 
1870,  14,936;  in  1880,  18,204. 

Shenandoah,  a  post-village  in  Grant  township,  Pngo 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Nishnabatona  River  and  the  Burlington 
A  Missouri  River  Railroad,  19  miles  N.E.  of  Hamburg,  and 
18  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Red  Oak.  It  has  a  new«|)nper  office, 
2  banking-house.^,  a  high  school,  3  churches,  and  10  stores 
Pop.  in  18S0,  1387. 

Shenandoah,  Richland  co.,  0.    See  Sijanandoah. 

Shenandoah,  a  post-borough  in  Mahanoy  township, 
Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  and  Philadelphia 
&  Reading  Railroads,  2.i  miles  W.  of  Mahanoy  City,  about 
12  miles  N.  of  Potts ville,  and  7  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ashland. 
It  hsis  10  churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  !<cveral 
collieries.  Here,  at  times,  more  than  1,000,000  tons  of  coal 
are  produced  annually.    Pop.  in  1870,  2951  ;  in  1880,  10,147. 

Shenandoah  Alum  Springs,  a  post-oflice  and 
wntering-place  of  Shenandoah  co.,  Va.,  12  miles  W.  of 
Mount  Jackson.  It  has  chalybeate  springs,  and  others 
which  contain  sulphuric  acid. 

Shenandoah  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Dutchess  co., 
N.Y.,  about  60  miles  N.  by  E.  of  New  York.  It  has  a 
church,  and  mines  of  iron  and  kaolin. 

Shenandoah  Iron-Works,  a  post-village  of  Page 
CO.,  Va.,  on  or  near  the  South  Fork  of  the  Shenandoah 
River,  23  miles  E.  of  Harrisonburg.  It  has  3  churches,  2 
iron-furnaces,  and  a  steam  forge. 

Shenandoah  River,  Virginia,  is  formed  by  the  North, 
Middle,  and  South  Rivers,  which  unite  at  Port  Republio  in 
the  Great  Valley.  It  runs  northeastward  through  the  cos. 
of  Rockingham,  Page,  Warren,  and  Clarke.  Finally  it  in- 
tersects Jefferson  co.,  W.  Va.,  and  enters  the  Potomac  River 
at  Harper's  Ferry,  just  above  its  passage  through  the  Blue 
Ridge.  Its  length  is  estimated  at  200  miles.  A  small 
stream  called  the  North  Fork  runs  northeastward  through 
Shenandoah  co.,  and  enters  the  nlain  river  in  Warren  eo., 
about  2  miles  from  Front  Royal.  The  river  above  the 
mouth  of  the  North  Fork  is  sometimes  called  the  South 
Fork.  The  Shenandoah  valley  is  bounded  S.E.  by  the  Blue 
Ridge,  and  is  noted  for  its  beauty  and  fertility. 

Shenango,  she-nang'go,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co., 
Pa.     Pop.  1748. 

Shenango,  a  township  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.    Pop.  2616. 

Shenango,  a  hamlet  and  transfer-station  of  Mercer 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Shenango  River,  the  Erie  <fc  Pittsburg  Rail- 
road, and  the  Atlantic  A  Great  Western  Railroad,  at  its 
junction  with  the  Shenango  A  Alleghany  Railroad,  28i 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Meadville,  and  2  miles  S.  of  Greenville. 

Shenango  River,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Crawford 
CO.,  runs  southward  through  Mercer  co.,  and  unites  with 
the  Mahoning  River  in  Lawrence  co.,  about  4  miles  S.W. 
of  New  Castle.  The  stream  formed  by  this  junction  is  the 
Beaver  River.     The  Shenango  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Shendy,  Schendi,  or  Chendi,shJn'deo\  sometimes 
written  Chandi  or  Shandy,  a  town  of  Nubia,  on  the 
E.  bank  of  the  Nile,  90  miles  N.N.E.  of  Khartoom.  Lat. 
16°  38'  N.;  Ion.  33°  15'  E.  It  was  destroyed  in  1821,  but 
is  again  a  place  of  great  commerce.  Markets  are  held 
here  twice  weekly,  at  which  live-stock  of  all  kinds,  fine 
wheat,  straw,  jars,  salt,  baskets,  and  cotton  cloths  are  sold. 
Near  it  the  finest  senna  is  abundant. 

Shencvus,  New  York.     See  Schenevus. 

Shenkoorsk,  Schenkoursk,  or  Schenkursk, 
shin^koousk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  192  miles 
S.E.  of  Archangel.     Pop.  1074. 

Shen-See,  Shen-Si,  or  Chen-Si,  sh8n-see'  (i.e., 
the  "western  frontier"),  a  province  of  China,  between  lat. 
32°  and  40°  N.  and  Ion.  106°  and  111°  E.,  having  N.  Mon- 
golia, and  on  other  sides  the  provinces  of  Knn-Soo,  Se- 
Chuen,  Hoo-Pe,  Ho-Nan,  and  Shan-See.  Pop.  10,207,256. 
The  surface  is  mountainous,  and  less  fertile  than  the  more 
eastern  provinces.  The  Hoang-Ho  forms  most  of  its  E. 
boundary,  and  it  is  intersected  by  the  Hoei-Ho.  The  prod- 
ucts are  millet,  iron,  porphyry,  jasper,  copper,  gold,  musk, 
ginseng,  rhubarb,  and  timber.  The  principal  manufacturoi 
are  agricultural  and  military  implements,  and  felt  for  mili- 
tary clothing.  It  is  divided  into  7  departments.  Chief 
city,  See-Ngan. 

Sheogawn,  a  town  of  India.    See  She(}AO» 


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She'ohur',  or  Sheohar,  she^o-hur',  a  town  of  Bengal, 

Iti  miles  S.W.  of  Seetamurhee,  with  fine  temples.    P.  5051. 

Sheoo-Yang-Shan,    or    Chcou- Yang-Chan, 

shi'oo'ydng'shin',  a  mountain  of  China,  province  of  Kan- 
Soo.  Lat.  34°  42'  N.;  Ion.  104°  17'  E.  It  is  covered  with 
perpetual  snow. 

SheVpoor',  or  Sheopoor  Khas,  sho-o-poor  kis,  a 
town  of  India,  3  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Benares.     Top.  9279. 

Sheopoor  Dear,  she-o-poor'  de-ar',  a  town  of  India, 
district  and  about  25  miles  E.  of  Ghazeepoor,  near  the 
Ganges.     Pop.  6382. 

She-Pa-Ky,  shA'pi'kee',  a  town  of  China,  province 
of  Fo-Kien. 

Shep'ardsville,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  Mich., 
in  Ovid  township,  on  the  Detroit  &  Milwaukee  Railroad,  6 
miles  E.  of  St.  John's. 

Shepaug,  she-pawg',  a  station  of  the:  Shepftug  Railroad, 
on  the  Ilousatonio  River,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Bethel,  Conn. 

Shepaug  River,  Connecticut,  a  small  stream,  rises  in 
Litchfield  CO.,  runs  southward,  and  enters  the  Ilousatonic 
River  about  10  miles  N.E.  of  Danbury. 

Shepherd,  shep'^rd,  a  station  in  the  District  of  Co- 
lumbia, on  the  Alexandria  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio 
Railroad,  and  on  the  Potomac  River,  opposite  Alexandria, 
Va.,  which  is  1  mile  distant  by  railway-i'erry. 

Shepherd's  Station,  N.C.    See  Guanite  Hill. 

Shcpherdstown,  shep'^rdz-town,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Belmont  co.,  0.,  about  28  miles  S.W.  of  Steubenville.  P.  44. 

Shepherdstown,  a  post-hamlet  in  Upper  Allen  town- 
ship, Cumberland  co..  Pa.,  }  of  a  mile  from  Bowmansdale 
Station,  and  8  or  9  miles  S.W.  of  Ilarrisburg.  It  has  a 
church,  2  stores,  Ac.     Pop.  about  200. 

Shepherdstown,  a  post-villago  of  Jefferson  co.,  W. 
Va.,  on  the  Potomac  River,  12  miles  above  Harper's  Ferry, 
and  about  15  miles  S.  by  AV.  of  Hagerstown.  It  has  5 
churches,  a  savings-bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  paper-mill, 
and  a  quarry  of  cement.  It  is  the  seat  of  Shepnerd's  Col- 
lege (a  state  normal  school).     Pop.  in  1880,  1533. 

Shepherds ville,  shep'§rdz-vll,  a  post-village,  capital 
of  Bullitt  CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  East  Fork  of  Salt  River,  and  on 
the  Louisville  &  Great  Southern  Railroad,  18  miles  S.  of 
Louisville.  It  has  2  churches,  3  hotels,  4  stores,  a  grist-mill, 
and  an  academy.  Pop.  about  500.  Here  is  a  summer 
resort,  called  Paroquette  Springs. 

Shep'ody  Bay,  New  Brunswick,  co.  of  Albert,  is  the 
W.  arm  of  Cbignecto  Bay,  and  receives  the  rivers  Petitco- 
diao  and  Memraracook.  On  it  are  the  towns  of  Hopewell 
Cape  and  Dorchester. 

Shep'pardtown,  a  post-village  of  Leflore  co.,  Miss., 
on  the  Yazoo  River,  36  miles  W.  of  Winona.  It  has  a 
church,  3  stores,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Shep'perton,  a  village  of  England,  in  Middlesex,  on 
the  Thames,  and  on  a  railway,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Staines. 

Shep'pey,  an  island  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Thames,  between  the  estuaries  of  the  Med- 
way  and  Swale.  Length,  9  miles;  breadth,  4i  miles.  On 
its  W.  side,  bordering  the  Medway,  are  Queenborough  and 
Sheerness,  and  S.  the  islets  of  Elmley  and  Harty. 

Shep'ton-Mal'let  (local  pron.  shcp'9n),  a  town  of 
England,  co.  of  Somerset,  on  a  branch  of  the  Brue,  19  miles 
S.  of  Bristol.  Pop.  4363.  It  has  some  good  residences,  a 
handsome  church,  a  market-cross,  the  county  bridewell,  an 
almshouse,  a  free  school,  manufactures  of  crape,  beer,  and 
velvets,  and  interesting  Roman  antiquities. 

Sheran'do,  a  post-village  of  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  at  the 
W.  base  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  7  miles  S.  of  Waynesborough 
Station.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  and  manufac- 
tures of  iron,  lumber,  and  woollen  goods. 

Sher'born,  a  post-village  in  Sherborn  township,  Mid- 
dlesex CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  railroad  from  Fitchburg  to  New 
Bedford,  41  miles  S.E.  of  Fitchburg.  It  has  a  public  li- 
brary, an  academy,  a  state  prison  for  women,  and  2 
churches.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1880,  1401, 

Sherborne,  sh^r'bpm,  a  town  of  England,  in  Dorset, 
on  the  Ivel,  5  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Yeovil.  Pop.  5545.  It  is 
finely  situated,  partly  on  a  height,  is  compactly  built,  has 
a  large  church,  formerly  part  of  an  abbey,  and  was  the  see 
of  a  bishop  from  the  eighth  till  the  eleventh  century.  It  has 
an  old  town  hall  and  market-house,  a  noted  grammar- 
school,  a  blue-coat  school,  almshouses  and  other  charities, 
and  manufactures  of  silks,  twist,  and  buttons. 

Sher'boro,  or  Shcr'bro,  an  island  of  Africa,  opposite 
the  mouth  of  Sherboro  River,  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  Sierra 
Leone,  in  lat.  7°  30'  N.,  Ion.  12°40'W.  Length,  30  miles; 
breadth,  10  miles.  It  produces  rice  and  fruits,  which  the 
inhabitants  export  to  Sierra  Leone  in  return  for  manufac- 
'tured  goods. 


Sherboro,  a  river  of  Africa,  dividing  Sierra  Leone 
from  Liberia.  It  is  navigable  for  large  vessels  for  50  miles 
from  its  mouth,  and  those  of  70  tons  may  ascend  it  for  230 
miles.     It  joins  the  Atlantic  by  an  estuary  20  miles  wide. 

Sher'brooke,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Quebec.  Area, 
220  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by  3  railways,  the  Grand 
Trunk,  Massawippi  Valley,  and  St.  Francis  <t  Lake  Me- 
gantic  International,  and  watered  by  the  river  St.  Francis 
and  other  streams.     Capital,  Sherbrooke.     Pop.  8516. 

Sherbrooke,  a  town  of  Quebec,  capital  of  the  co.  of 
Sherbrooke,  on  the  river  Magog,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk 
and  Massawippi  Valley  Railways,  at  the  W.  terminus  of 
the  St.  Francis  <fc  Lake  Megan  tic  International  Railway, 
101  miles  E.  of  Montreal,  121  miles  S.S.W.  of  Quebec,  and 
196  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Portland.  It  has  a  bank,  a  branch 
bank,  6  churches,  offices  issuing  3  weekly  newspapers,  an 
academy,  about  30  stores,  and  manufactures  of  woollen 
and  cotton  cloths,  flannels,  iron  castings,  machinery,  axes, 
pails,  (fee. ;  also  saw-mills,  breweries,  <fee.     Pop.  4432. 

Sherbrooke,  a  river-port  of  Nova  Scotia,  co.  of  Guys- 
borough,  on  the  estuary  of  the  river  St.  Marys,  12  miles 
from  the  Atlantic,  and  124  miles  E. N.E.  of  Halifax.  Shij)- 
building  is  engaged  in,  and  large  quantities  of  deals  are 
sent  hence  to  England.  It  contains  2  churches,  2  hotels,  5 
or  6  stores,  a  tannery,  and  a  chair-factory.  Pop.  500.  See 
also  New  Ross. 

Sherbrooke  Gold-Mines.    See  GoLnESViLLE. 

Shcr'biirn,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  13  miles  S.S.W. 
of  York,  on  a  railway.     Pop.  1542. 

Sher'burne,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Min- 
nesota, has  an  area  of  about  420  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  inter- 
sected by  the  Elk  River.  The  Rum  River  traverses  the 
N.E.  part  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  diversified  with 
numerous  little  lakes  and  forests  of  good  timber.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  AVheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and  lumber  are  the 
staples.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  St.  Paul  <fc  Pacific 
Railroad.  Capital,  Elk  River.  Valuation  of  real  and  per- 
sonal estate,  $1,277,61 2.    Pop.  in  1870,  2050;  in  1880,  3855. 

Sherburne,  a  hamlet  of  Fleming  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Licking  River,  about  27  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Maysville.  It 
has  a  church,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  158. 
Here  is  Sherburne  Mills  Post-Office. 

Sherburne,  a  post-village  in  Manyaska  township,  Mar- 
tin CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  Southern  Minnesota  Railroad,  13 
miles  W.  of  Fairmont.     It  has  a  church. 

Sherburne,  a  post-village  in  Sherburne  township,  Che- 
nango CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Chenango  Canal  and  the  Delaware, 
Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Norwich, 
and  43  miles  S.S.W.  of  Utica.  It  contains  a  union  high 
school,  6  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
cotton-factory,  a  pottery,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  sash-  and 
blind-factory.  Pop.  about  1000.  The  township  is  drained 
by  the  Chenango  River.     Pop.  2945. 

Sherburne,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sherburne  township,  Rut- 
land CO.,  Vt.,  12  miles  E. N.E.  of  Rutland.  It  has  a  church, 
and  some  manufactures  of  lumber.  Pop.  of  the  townshi]i, 
462.  Killington  Peak,  4221  feet  high,  is  in  the  S.W.  part 
of  Sherburne. 

Sherburne  Four  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Che- 
nango (JO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  8  mile» 
N.  of  Norwich.     It  has  a  cheese-factory  and  13  dwellings. 

Sherburne  Mills,  Kentucky.    See  Sherburne. 

Sher'burnvillo^  a  post-hamlet  of  Kankakee  co.,  111., 
20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Kankakee  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Shereeah-el -Kebeer,  or  Sheriah-el-Kebir. 
See  Jordan. 

Sheribon,  a  town  of  Java.    See  Cheribox. 

Sher'idan,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Dakota. 

Sheridan,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Kansas,  has 
an  area  of  900  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  North 
and  South  Forks  of  the  Solomon  River.  The  surface  is 
undulating  or  nearly  level.     Pop.  in  1880,  1567. 

Sheridan,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Grant  co.,  Ark., 
about  33  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Little  Rock. 

Slieridan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Placer  oo.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad  (Oregon  division),  16  miles  S.E. 
of  Marysville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Sheridan,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pennington  co., 
Dakota,  near  the  Black  Hills.  It  has  a  court-house  and 
gold-mines. 

Sheridan,  a  post-village  of  La  Salle  co..  111.,  on  Fox 
River  and  the  Fox  River  Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Burling- 
ton &  Quincy  Railroad,  27  miles  S.W.  of  Aurora.  It  has  a 
church,  a  newspaper,  a  graded  school,  a  machine-shop,  and 
a  manufactory  of  farming-implements.     Pop.  about  600. 

Sheridan,  a  township  of  Logan  co..  111.     Pop.  1003 


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Sheridan,  a  post-ofRco  of  Hamilton  oo.,  Ind. 

Sheridan,  a  township  ot  Carroll  eo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  511. 

Slicridnn,  u  town.ship  of  Cherokee  co.,  Iowa.     P.  381. 

Hheridau,  a  towniihip  of  Poweshiek  co.,  Iowa.  P.  679. 

Sheridan,  a  township  of  Scott  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1211. 

Sheridan,  a  post-township  of  Sioux  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
23S.  Shcriilan  Station  on  tho  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  ^. 
Piiul  Railroad  is  7  miles  W.  of  Sheldon. 

Sheridan,  township,  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas.     P.  1341. 

Sheridan,  a  township  of  Cowley  oo.,  Kansas.     P.  284. 

Sheridan,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
1459.     It  contains  Cherokee. 

Sheridan,  a  township  of  Linn  eo.,  Kansoa.  Pop.  873. 
It  contains  Prescott. 

Sheridan,  a  township  of  Ottawa  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
461.     It  contains  Dolphos. 

Sheridan,  a  post-offico  of  Sheridan  co.,  Kansas. 

Sheridan,  a  station  of  Wallace  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  15i  miles  N.E.  of  Wallace. 

Sheridan,  a  village  of  Barry  co.,  Mich.,  on  Thorn- 
apple  Lake  and  the  Grand  River  Valley  Railroad,  7  miles 
E.  of  Hastings.  It  has  a  church,  a  drug-store,  and  a  dry- 
goods  store.     Pop.  about  150.    Here  is  Morgan  Post-Offico. 

Sheridan,  a  township  of  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.     P.  1687. 

Sheridan,  a  township  of  Clare  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  212. 

Sheridan,  a  township  of  Huron  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  196. 

Sheridan,  a  township  of  Mecosta  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  160. 

Sheridan,  a  post-village  in  Evergreen  and  Sidney 
townships,  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Detroit, 
Lansing  <t  Northern  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Stanton.  It 
has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a  stave-factory,  and  several  lum- 
ber-mills and  shingle-mills.     Pop.  about  700. 

Sheridan,  a  township  of  Newaygo  co.,  Mich.    P.  653. 

Sheridan,  a  township  of  Redwood  co.,  Minn.     P.  161. 

Sheridan,  a  township  of  Daviess  co..  Mo.     Pop.  923. 

Sheridan,  Ray  co..  Mo.    See  Ravville. 

Sheridan,  a  post-hamlct  of  Madison  co.,  Montana,  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Virginia  City.  It  has  a  church  and  a  flour- 
mill. 

Sheridan,  a  post-hamlct  of  Nemaha  co.,  Neb.,  10  miles 
W.  of  Brownville. 

Sheridan,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  co.,  Nevada,  about 
20  miles  S.  of  Carson  City. 

Sheridan,  a  post-village  in  Sheridan  township,  Chau- 
tauqua CO.,  N.Y.,  on  tho  "Erie  Railroad,  3  miles  E.  of  Dun- 
kirk. It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory.  Pop.  about 
250.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake  Erie, 
and  has  a  pop.  of  1665. 

Sheridan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  0.,  9  miles  W. 
of  Ottawa.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Sheridan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yam  Hill  co.,  Oregon,  on 
tho  Yam  Hill  River,  20  miles  S.W,  of  Lafayette.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  Methodist  college.     Pop.  about  200. 

Sheridan,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of 
Pittsburg, 

Sheridan,  a  post-village  in  Mill  Creek  township, 
Lebanon  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Lebanon  Valley  Railroad,  174 
miles  W.  of  Reading.  It  has  2  blast-furnaces  for  pig-iron, 
a  grist-mill,  and  a  store. 

Sheridan,  a  township  of  Colleton  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1121. 

Sheridan,  a  township  of  Dunn  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  302. 

Sheridan,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Waupaca  co.. 
Wis.,  on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  41  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Menasha. 

Sheridan,  a  post- village  in  Halton  co.,  Ontario,  4  miles 
N.  of  Oakville.     Pop.  100. 

Sheridan  Centre,  post-office,  Poweshiek  co.,  Iowa. 

Sheridan  Coal-Works,  a  post-village  in  Perry  town- 
ship, Lawrence  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  3  miles  below 
the  mouth  of  Big  Sandy  River.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
coal-mine. 

Sheridan,  Mount,  Wyoming,  is  in  the  National 
Park  of  the  Yellowstone,  about  5  miles  S.  of  Yellowstone 
Lake,  and  near  lat.  44°  18'  N.  It  is  a  peak  of  tho  main 
range  or  "divide"  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  and  rises 
10,420  feet,  giving  one  a  range  of  vision  over  an  immense 
area,  and  presenting  to  the  view  several  hundred  distinct 
mountain-summits,  at  distances  varying  from  30  to  200 
miles.  A  large  part  of  it  is  formed  of  porphyry  of  a  pur- 
plish-pink color. 

Sheridan's  Point,  a  post-office  of  Calvert  co.,  Md. 

Shcrkin,  an  island  of  Ireland.     See  Innisherkin. 

Sherk'ston,  a  post-village  in  Wclland  co.,  Ontario,  on 
tho  Buffalo  &  Goderich  Branch  of  tho  Grand  Trunk  Rail- 
way, 7  miles  E.  of  Port  Colbome.     Pop.  100. 

Sher'lor.k   a  nost-office  of  Palo  Alto  co.,  loira. 


Sherlock,  a  post-hamlct  of  Sequoyah  co.j'Knnsas,  on 
tho  Atchison,  Topcka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad,  near  the  Ar- 
kansas River,  564  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Dodge  City. 

Sherm,  shfiiun,  an  Arabic  word,  signifying  a  "harbor," 
tho  name  of  several  inlets  or  ports  of  the  E.  const  of  tht 
Red  Sea,  as  SiiEitM-BAiiEiKAii,  SiiEHM-Ri:nKCH,  <tc. 

Shermadcvi,  India.    See  SiiAiuMAnAvr. 

Shcr'inan,  a  county  in  the  N.AV.  part  of  Kansoi,  bor- 
ders on  Colorado.     Area,  about  1050  square  miles. 

Sherman,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Nebraska, 
has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  th« 
Middle  Loup  River.  The  surface  is  an  undulating  prniriu. 
Tho  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  onts,  ana  grain 
are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Loup  City.  Pop.  in 
1876,  491;  in  1880,  2061. 

Stierinnn,  a  county  of  tho  Panhandle  of  TcxriK, 
bounded  N.  by  Indian  Territory,  and  traversed  by  tlio 
North  Fork  of  Canadian  River.     Area,  900  square  miles. 

Sherman,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sumter  co.,  Ala.,  about  '>* 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Tuscaloosa. 

Sherman,  a  post-office  of  Santa  Clara  co.,  Cal. 

Sherman,  a  post-office  of  Hinsdale  co.,  Col. 

Sherman,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfield  co..  Conn.,  in 
Sherman  township,  about  13  miles  N.  of  Danbury.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  846. 

Sherman,  a  post-hamlct  of  Brookings  co.,  Dakota,  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Canby,  Minn.     It  has  a  church. 

Sherman,  a  township  of  Calhoun  co.,  III.     Pop.  545. 

Sherman,  a  township  of  Mason  co.,  III.     Pop.  690. 

Sherman,  a  post-hamlct  of  Sangamon  co..  III.,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Springfield. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  150. 

Sherman,  a  hamlet  of  Jennings  oo.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
&  Mississippi  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Vernon. 

Sherman,  a  township  of  Calhoun  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  410. 

Sherman,  a  township  of  Hardin  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  150. 

Sherman,  a  township  of  Jasper  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  997. 

Sherman,  a  township  of  Monona  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  325. 

Sherman,  township,  Montgomery  co.,  Iowa.    Poj).  684. 

Sherman,  a  post-hamlet  in  Jackson  township,  Powe- 
shiek CO.,  Iowa,  about  65  miles  E.  of  Des  Moines.  It  h:if 
2  churches. 

Sherman,  a  township  of  Story  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  261. 

Sherman,  a  township  of  Clay  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  915. 

Sherman,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Kansas.  Pop, 
957.     It  contains  Drywood. 

Sherman,  township,  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  477. 

Sherman,  a  township  of  Leavenworth  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  1403.   It  contains  Stranger  and  Lenape. 

Sherman,  township,  Washington  co.,  Kansas.   P,  2045. 

Sherman,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Grant  co.,  Ky,, 
on  the  Cincinnat)«  Southern  Railroad,  27  miles  S.  of  Cin- 
cinnati. 

Sherman,  a  post-hamlet  of  Aroostook  co.,  Me.,  in 
Sherman  township,  about  30  miles  W.S.W,  of  Houlton.  It 
has  1  or  2  churches.  Pop.  of  the  township  (which  contains 
a  village  named  Sherman  Mills),  701. 

Sherman,  a  hamlet  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Chi- 
cago &,  AVest  Michigan  Railroad,  14  miles  W.  of  Allegan, 
and  21  miles  S.  of  Holland.  It  has  a  church  and  manufac- 
tures of  lumber.     Here  is  Bravo  Post-Officc. 

Sherman,  a  township  of  Huron  co.,  Mich.     P.  1094. 

Sherman,  a  township  of  Isabella  co.,  Mich,     Pop.  84. 

Sherman,  township,  Keweenaw  co,,  Mich.    Pop.  928. 

Sherman,  a  township  of  Mason  co.,  Mich,     Pop.  290, 

Sherman,  a  township  of  Ncw.aygo  co,,  Mich,    P.  4.10, 

Sherman,  a  township  of  Osceola  co,,  Mich,    Pop.  363, 

Sherman,  township,  St,  Joseph  co,,  Mich.    Pop.  1215. 

Sherman,  a  post-village,  formerly  the  capital  of  Wex- 
ford CO.,  Mich.,  on  tho  Manistee  River,  about  24  miles  S. 
of  Traverse  City,  and  32  miles  E.N.E.  of  Manistee.  It  has 
a  newspaper  office,  2  churches,  a  union  school,  and  manu- 
factures of  lumber. 

Sherman,  a  post-office  of  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn.,  on 
Cobb  River,  about  22  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Mankato. 

Sherman,  a  township  of  Redwood  co.,  Minn.    P.  101. 

Sherman,  a  township  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Mo.   Pop.  1116. 

Sherman,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  987. 

Sherman,  St.  Louis  co.,  Mo.     See  Saivt  Paul. 

Sherman,  a  village  of  Custer  co.,  Montana,  on  the 
Yellowstone  River,  2  miles  below  the  mouth  of  the  Big 
Horn,  and  38  miles  from  Fort  Custer,  Steamboats  ascend 
the  river  to  this  point.     Here  is  Etchetah  Post-Oflice. 

Sherman,  a  post-office  of  Nemaha  co.,  Nch.,  about  30 
miles  S.  of  Nebraska  City. 

Sherman,  a  post-village  in  Sherman  township,  Chau- 
tauqua CO.,  N.Y.,  on  tho  Chautauqua  Lake  Railroad,  H 


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miles  S-S-W.  of  Mayville,  and  19  miles  N.  of  Corry.  It 
contains  5  churehes,  a  grist-mill,  a  union  school,  a  bank, 
and  a  newspaper  office.  P.  (1880)  731 ;  of  township,  1558. 
Sherman,  a  township  of  Huron  co.,  0.  Pop.  1260. 
Sherman,  a  post-village  in  Norton  township,  Summit 
CO.,  0.,  at  Dennison  Station  on  the  Atlantic  <fc  Great  Western 
Railroad.     Pop.  in  1880,  295.  i 

Sherman,  a  post-village  in  Scott  township,  Wayne  co., 
Pa.,  2  miles  from  Ilale's  Eddy,  N.Y.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
tannery,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Sherman,  township,  Darlington  co.,  S.C.  Pop.  1385 
Sherman,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Grayson  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  Texas  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the 
Houston  it  Texas  Central  Railroad,  64  miles  N.  of  Dallas, 
148  miles  W.  of  Marshall,  and  9  miles  S.  of  Denison.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  3  newspaper  offices,  2  banks,  the 
capital  of  which  amounts  to  $450,000,  the  Austin  College, 
7  churches,  a  high  school,  a  foundry,  2  mills,  Ac.  Pop.  in 
1870,  1439;  in  1880,  6093. 

Sherman,  a  township  of  Clark  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  252. 
Sherman,  a  township  of  Dunn  co..  Wis.     Pop.  687. 
Sherman,  a  post-hamlet  of  Portage  co.,  Wis.,  about  6 
miles  S.  of  Wausau. 

Sherman,  a  township  of  Sheboygan  co..  Wis.  Pop. 
1664.  Sherman  Station,  in  this  township,  is  at  the  village 
of  Adell. 

Sherman,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Albany  co.,  Wy- 
oming, on  the  Union  Pacific  Riiilroad,  33  miles  W.  of  Chey- 
enne, and  24  miles  S.S.E.  of  Laramie.  It  is  on  the  Lara- 
mie range  of  mountains,  8242  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Sherman  City,  a  post-village  of  Cherokee  co.,  Kan- 
sas, on  an  atliuent  of  the  Neosho  River,  about  12  miles  S.E. 
of  Parsons. 

Sherman  City,  a  post-village  of  Isabella  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  Chippewa  River,  about  62  miles  N.N.E.  of  Grand 
Rapids.     It  has  2  churuhes  and  a  saw-mill. 

Sherman  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Sherman  township, 
Aroostook  CO.,  Me.,  on  the  Moluncus  River,  35  miles  W.S. W. 
of  lloulton.  It  has  a  carriage-shop,  1  or  2  lumber-mills, 
u  tannery,  and  a  church. 

Sherman,  Mount,  a  peak  of  the  Blue  Mountains,  in 
Grant  co.,  Oregon,  is  said  to  have  an  altitude  of  about 
11,000  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Sherman  Park,  a  station  in  Madison  co..  111.,  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Vandalia  &  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  22  miles  E. 
by  N.  of  St.  Louis. 

Sherman's  Creek,  Perry  co.,  Pa.,  runs  eastward,  and 
enters  the  Susquehanna  River  at  or  near  Petersburg. 

Sherman's  Dale,  a  post-hamlet  in  Carroll  township, 
Perry  co..  Pa.,  on  Sherman's  Creek,  10  miles  N.  of  Car- 
lisle.    It  has  a  church,  a  foundry,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Sherman's  Hollow,  a  hamlet  of  Jerusalem  town- 
ship, Yates  CO.,  N.Y.,  7  miles  from  Penn  Yan. 

Sherman's  Mills,  a  hamlet  in  Pittstown  township, 
Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  6  miles  from  Johnsonville. 

Shcr'mansville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Casey  co.,  Ky., 
about  54  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Lexington.     It  has  a  church. 

Shermansville,  a  hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Sadsbury  township,  3  miles  from  Linesville  Station,  and 
about  13  miles  W.  of  Meadville.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
broom-factory.  Pop.  about  100.  The  name  of  its  post- 
office  is  Tamarac. 

Shcrm  Antar.     See  Astabel  Siirrm  Antar. 
Sherm-Bareikah,  shfinm-bi-rd'ka,  an  inlet  of  the 
Red  Sea,  40  miles  S.E.  of  Yembo. 

Sherm>Rebcgh,  shSiim-ri-bdg',  a  town  on  the  E. 
coast  of  the  Red  Sea,  110  miles  S.E.  of  Yembo,  and  the 
place  of  a  large  annual  fair. 

Sherm-Wejh,  shSnm-wfij',  a  town  on  the  E.  coast 
of  the  Red  Sea,  130  miles  N.W.  of  Yembo. 

Shcr'odsville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Orange  township, 
Carroll  co.,  0.,  on  Conotten  Creek,  about  25  miles  S.  by  E. 
of  Canton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Sher'poor',  Sherpur,  sher-poor',  or  Sher^pore',  a 
town  of  Bengal,  Mymunsingh  district.  Lat.  25°  58"  N.; 
Ion.  90°  V  E.  It  is  a  straggling  place,  ill  built,  and  deca- 
dent.    It  has  a  trade  in  jute.     Pop.  8015. 

Sherpoor,  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  Bograh  district.  Lat. 
24°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  89°  29'  E.  It  is  well  built,  largely  of 
brick,  and  is  a  place  of  great  wealth.     Pop.  4229. 

Sher'rard',  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  AV.  Va.,  7 
miles  S.  of  Wheeling.     It  has  several  churches  near  it. 

Sher'rett,  a  post-hamlet  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa.,  2  miles 
N.W.  of  Rcimerton.  It  has  a  church  and  a  steam  grist- 
mill. 

Sher'rill,  a  post-township  of  Texas  co..  Mo.,  30  miles 
B.  of  Rolla. 


Sherrill's  Ford,  a  post-office  of  Catawba  co.,  N.C. 

Sherrill's  Mound  (or  Mount),  a  post-village  of 
Dubuque  co.,  Iowa,  about  16  miles  N.W.  of  Dubuque.  It 
has  several  churches,  a  steam  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Sher'rington,  or  Saint  Patrick  de  Sherring- 
ton, a  post-village  in  Napiervillo  co.,  Quebec,  2i  miles 
from  Hughes',  30  miles  S.  of  Montreal.  It  has  4  stores 
and  4  hotels,  and  a  good  trade  in  grain.     Pop.  400. 

Shershell,  a  town  of  Algeria.    See  Cheuchell. 

'sHertogenbosch,  Netherlands.    Sec  Bois-le-Duc. 

Sher'wood,  a  post-village  of  Branch  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Sherwood  township,  on  the  St.  Joseph  River,  and  on  the 
Air-Line  division  of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  48 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Jackson,  and  16  miles  N.W.  of  Coldwatcr, 
It  has  a  graded  school,  2  churches,  a  saw-mill,  Ac.  Pop. 
about  300;  of  the  township,  1073. 

Sherwood,  a  post-hamlct  in  Scipio  township,  Cayuga 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Ridge  Road,  14  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Auburn. 

Sherwood,  a  post-hamlct  of  Defiance  co.,  0.,  in  Dela- 
ware township,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  2  miles 
from  Delaware  Bend. 

Sherwood,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Tenn. 

Sherwood,  a  post-hamlct  of  Calumet  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Menasha, 
and  about  1  mile  E.  of  Lake  AVinnebago.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Sherwood  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Mendocino  co., 
Cal.,  35  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ukiah. 

Sheshequin,  sho'she-kwin,  a  post-village  in  Sheshe- 
quin  township,  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the 
Susquehanna  River,  about  25  miles  S.E.  of  Elmira,  N.Y., 
and  9  miles  N.  of  Towanda.  Ulster  Station  on  the  Lehigh 
Valley  Railroad  is  on  the  opposite  bank  of  the  river.  She- 
shequin has  3  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  2  gen- 
eral stores.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1596. 

Sheshkiyev,  Scheschkejew,  or  Scheschkjejew, 
shSs-k^h-yfiv',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  73  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Penza,  on  the  Kalma.     Pop.  6207. 

Shetek,  Lyon  co.,  Minn.    Sec  Lake  Shetek. 

Shetek,  she-tek',  township,  Murray  co.,  Minn.    P.  166. 

Shetek,  a  post-hamlct  of  Barron  co..  Wis.,  in  Shetek 
(or  Chetac)  township,  40  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Chippewa  Falls. 

Shet'land  (or  Zet'land)  Islands,  an  archipelago 
of  32  inhabited  and  over  70  uninhabited  islands,  in  the  At- 
lantic, belonging  to  Scotland,  of  which  country,* with  the 
Orkneys,  60  miles  S.S.W.,  it  forms  a  county.  It  is  mostly 
between  lat.  69°  61'  and  60°  60'  N.  and  Ion.  0°  44'  and  1° 
44'  W.,  180  miles  S.E.  of  the  Fiiroe  group.  Area,  5388 
square  miles.  Pop.  31,608.  Mainland,  in  the  S.W.,  com- 
prises about  half  the  area,  and  more  than  half  the  entire 
population,  together  with  Lerwick  and  Scalloway,  the  only 
towns  in  the  group.  Other  islands  are  Yell,  Unst,  Fetlar, 
Whalsaj',  Bressa,  East  and  West  Barra,  Papa-Stour,  Fowla, 
the  westernmost  (and  conjectured  to  be  the  Ultima  Tlnile 
of  the  ancients),  and  Fair  Isle,  intermediate  between  Shet- 
land and  Orkney.  The  coasts  are  generally  bold  and  pre- 
cipitous, presenting  cliffs  broken  into  the  most  rugged  and 
fantastic  forms,  and  attaining  in  the  precipice  of  Fowla  the 
height  of  1200  feet  above  the  sea.  Their  deep  creeks  and 
sounds  form  a  succession  of  noble  natural  harbors.  The 
interior  is  not  very  elevated,  but  is  extremely  wild  and 
rugged,  with  an  almost  total  absence  of  wood.  Gneiss, 
mica-schist,  hornblende  and  other  slate,  serpentine,  and 
primitive  limestone  are  the  principal  rocks.  Some  copper, 
iron,  and  clay  are  met  with,  but  few  mines  or  quarries  are 
wrought.  Chromate  of  iron,  or  chrome-yellow,  is  an  im- 
portant article  of  export  from  Unst.  The  valleys  in  Main- 
land are  interspersed  with  many  small  lakes,  and  the  cli- 
mate is  very  damp  and  variable.  The  soil  is  light  and 
gravelly,  and  agriculture  is  in  a  backward  condition. 
The  cod-,  ling-,  and  tusk-fisheries  are  highly  important. 
The  manufactures  are  almost  wholly  domestic,  chiefly  Shet- 
land hosiery  and  shawls,  woven  by  hand  from  fine  wool; 
other  exports  are  cattle,  fish,  <fec.  Beremeal,  oatmeal,  fish, 
and  potatoes  constitute  most  of  the  food.  The  people  arc 
chiefly  of  Norwegian  descent,  and  their  ancestors  are  said 
not  to  have  embraced  Christianity  until  the  thirteenth  cen- 
tury. Tne  islands  form  a  synod  of  the  Scottish  Church, 
and,  together  with  Orkney,  they  send  one  member  to  the 
House  of  Commons.  Scandinavian  antiquities  are  numer- 
ous in  the  islands.     See  also  South  Shetland. 

Shetland,  a  post-village  in  Bothwell  co.,  Ontario,  12 
miles  from  Newbury.     Pop.  175. 

She'ton's,  a  township  of  Pickens  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  218. 

Shet'tlestone,  a  northeastern  suburb  of  Glasgow, 
Scotland,  co.  of  Lanark,  with  foundries.    P.  of  parish,  7517. 

Shetuck'ct  River,  Connecticut,  is  formed  by  the  Na- 


sns 


2456 


SIII 


chaug  and  WilUmantio  Rivers,  which  unite  in  Windham 
CO.  near  Williinactic.  It  rum  southeastward,  and  unites 
with  the  Yantio  at  Nurvrich  tu  form  the  Tliaiiios  River. 

Shcvaguugat  8he-v&-f{iin);'gi>,  a  town  of  India,  dis- 
trict and  25  miloa  E.S.E.  of  Madura.     I'on.  7:iU2. 

She  Vagur'ry,  or  Sivagiri,  she'vij-ghir'roo,  a  town  of 
India,  Tinuovelly  district,  87  miles  N.  of  Cupe  Comorin. 
Pop.  14,025. 

Sheybcen*  shrbeon',  Shi^becn'  (written  also  Chi- 
bio  and  Chirbin),  or  Sheybeeu-el>Kooni,a  village 
of  Lower  Egypt,  at  the  junction  of  two  railways  and  sev- 
eral ciinals,  on  the  old  Seboiinytic  branch  of  the  Nile. 

SlicyciinCt  or  Shiennc^sbi^enn',  written  also  Shay- 
UCII,  a  river  of  Dakota,  rises  in  the  N.U.  part  of  the  terri- 
tory, and  runs  in  nearly  every  direction  except  westward. 
It  intersects  Traill,  Barnes,  and  Kunsom  cos.,  and  enters 
the  Red  River  of  the  North  in  Cass  oo.,  about  12  miles  N. 
of  Moorhead.  Its  length  is  estimated  at  3U0  miles.  See 
also  CuKVK.NNE  River. 

Shiushkotaiif  she-ilsh-ko-tiln',  an  island  of  the  Kooril 
group,  in  lat.  48°  52'  N.,  Ion.  154°  8'  E.  It  is  12  miles 
from  N.N.E.  to  S.S.W.,  and  lies  8  miles  W.  of  Karaniakotan. 

Shiawassee*  shi^q,-w6s'Eco,  a  county  in  the  S.U.  cen- 
tral part  of  Michigan,  has  an  area  of  about  55U  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Shiawassee  River,  and  also 
drained  by  the  Looking  Glass  and  Maple  Rivers,  which  rise 
in  it.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is 
extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  ash,  beech, 
Bugar-maple,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  contains  much 
sand  and  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay, 
butter,  and  wool  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  the  Detroit  &  Milwaukee  and  Jackson,  Lan- 
sing &  Saginaw  Railroads.  Capital,  Corunna.  Valuation 
of  real  and  personal  estate,  $9,128,000.  Pop.  in  1870 
20,858,  of  wliom  17,986  were  Americans;  in  1880,  27,059. 

Shiawassee,  a  village  and  township  of  Shiawassee 
CO.,  Mich.,  2  miles  from  Vernon.  Here  are  paper-,  flour-, 
and  saw-mills,  and  barrel-shops.     Pop.  1336. 

Shiawassee  River,  Michigan,  rises  in  Oakland  co., 
drains  the  S.  part  of  Genesee  co.,  and  runs  northwestward 
to  Owosso,  whore  it  turns  to  the  right.  It  next  flows  north- 
ward into  Saginaw  co.,  and  unites  with  the  Flint  River 
about  8  miles  S-W.  of  Saginaw  City.  The  stream  there 
formed  is  the  Saginaw  River.  The  Shiawassee  is  nearly 
100  milc^long. 

Shib'boleth,  a  post-office  of  Decatur  co.,' Kansas. 

Shib'ley's  Poiut,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adair  co..  Mo.,  16 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Kirksvillo.     It  has  2  stores. 

Sliicli'shinny,  a  post-borough  in  Salem  township, 
Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the 
Lackawanna  &  Bloomsburg  Railroad,  15  miles  W.  by  S.  of 
Wilkesbarre.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  3  churches,  and  1 
or  2  flour-mills.     Pop.  1045. 

Shicli'shock  Mountains,  a  range  of  highlands  on 
the  GaspC'  peninsula,  Quebec,  extending  65  miles  from  the 
E.  side  of  the  Ste.  Anne  des  Monts  to  the  Matane.  They 
Stand  on  a  breadth  of  from  2  to  6  miles,  at  a  distance  of 
about  12  miles  from  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  rise  into  points 
between  3000  and  4000  feet  high. 

Shidlcr,  or  Shideler,  shi'dl^r,  a  post-office  of  Dela- 
ware CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Fort  Wayne,  Muncie  &  Cincinnati 
Bailroad,  8i  miles  N.  of  Muncie. 

Shiel,  Loch,  I&k  sheel,  a  lake  of  Scotland,  between  the 
COS.  of  Inverness  and  Argyle,  separating  the  districts  of 
Moidart  and  Ardgowan,  16  miles  W.  of  Fort  William. 
Length,  15  miles;  breadth,  1  mile.  It  discharges  its  sur- 
plus waters  on  the  AV.,  by  the  river  Shiel,  into  the  sea  at 
Loch  Moidart. 

Shields,  North,  a  seaport  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Northumberland,  within  the  parliamentary  borough  of 
Tynemouth  (which  town  lies  1  mile  to  the  N.E.),  on  the  N. 
bank  of  the  Tyne,  near  its  mouth,  7  miles  E.N.E.  of  New- 
castle, on  the  Northeastern  and  Blyth  <fc  Tyne  Railways. 
Pop.  (1871)  8619.  North  Shields  has  risen  chiefly  within 
this  century,  and  is  a  well-built  seaport.  It  has  extensive 
water-works,  2  churches,  numerous  chapels,  literary  and 
philosophical  institute,  mechanics'  institute,  theatre,  town 
nail,  several  public  halls  for  lectures,  <fcc.,  2  cehieteries, 
people's  park,  public  baths  and  wash-houses,  a  sailors'  home, 
market-place,  custom-house,  and  2  light-houses.  There 
are  ship-  and  boat-building  j'ards,  establisliments  for  the 
manufacture  of  anchors,  chain-cables,  windlasses,  blocks 
and  masts,  and  other  shipping  gear,  iron-foundries,  salt- 
pans, tanneries,  earthenware-works,  and  breweries.  Hats, 
gloves,  and  tobacco  are  manufactured  also.  North  Shields 
has  a  large  coal-trade. 

Shields,  South,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Durham, 


on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Tyne,  near  its  mouth,  and  on  a  rail, 
way,  7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Sunderland.  The  principal  build- 
ings are  a  town  hall  and  exchange,  in  a  liirgc  square,  a 
theatre,  and  the  church  of  St.  Hilda.  Ship-buihling  and 
the  manufacture  of  ro))e,  glass,  soap,  soda,  and  beer  arc  the 
principal  branches  of  industry.  Shields  has  a  thrivini; 
triule.  The  port,  by  an  expansion  of  the  river  into  a  wiilu 
bay,  is  capable  of  containing  2000  nierchant-vesyels.  Tlio 
port  communicates  by  railway  with  all  parts  of  the  country. 
A  steam  ferry  plies  to  North  Shields.  It  sends  one  mcuiber 
to  the  House  of  Commons.     Pop.  45,336. 

Shields,  sheeldz,  townsliip.  Lake  co.,  111.     Pop.  1362. 

Shields,  a  post-hamlct  of  Jackson  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Driftwood  Fork  of  White  River,  and  on  the  Ohio  &  Miuii- 
sippi  Railroad,  at  Shields'  Mill  Station,  4  miles  N.U,  of 
Brownstown.     It  has  a  flouring-mill. 

Shields,  a  post-office  of  Belmont  co.,  0. 

Shields,  or  Sheilds,  a  township  of  Dodge  co.,  Wl* 
Pop.  1065. 

Shields,  or  Sheild,  a  township  of  Marquette  co.,  Wis 
Pop.  650. 

Shicldsborough,  Mississippi.    See  Bay  St.  Louis. 

Shields  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  6  milts 
from  Martin's  Station. 

Shields  River,  a  small  stream  of  Montana,  rises  near 
the  S.  border  of  Meagher  co.,  runs  southward,  and  enters 
the  Yellowstone  River  in  Gallatin  co. 

Shields  River,  a  post-office  and  trading-post  of  Gal- 
latin CO.,  Montana,  on  Shields  River,  33  miles  N.E.  of 
Bozcman. 

Shieldsville,  shceldz'vll,  a  post-village  of  Rice  co., 
Minn.,  in  Shieldsville  township,  about  10  miles  N.W.  of 
Faribault.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 
Pop.  110;  of  the  township,  031. 

Shield's  Wharf,  a  j)ost-office  of  Accomack  co.,  Va. 

Shiel ville,  Hamilton  co.,  Ind.     See  Bi;ksa  Vista. 

Shiennc  River.    See  Chkyk.nne,  and  Shyen.ne. 

Shitt'nal,  a  town  of  England,  in  Salop,  on  the  Bir- 
mingham A  Shrewsbury  Railway,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Wolver- 
hampton. Pop.  2190,  employed  in  coal-  and  iron-mines 
and  in  a  paper-manufactory. 

Shig'awakc,  a  post-village  in  Bonaventure  co.,  Que- 
bec, 58  miles  S.W.  of  Pcrcd.     Pop.  225. 

Shikagua  River,  Iowa.     See  Skunk  Riveu. 

Shik^arpoor',  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  Shikarpoor 
district,  Sinde,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Sukkur.  It  is  the 
abode  of  many  wealthy  natives,  and  the  seat  of  a  large 
trade  and  an  extensive  cotton-manufacture.     Pop.  38,107. 

Shikarpoor,  a  district  of  India,  in  Sinde,  between  the 
Indus  and  the  Beloochee  frontier.  Area,  8813  square  miles. 
Capital,  Shikarpoor.     Pop.  776,22K 

Shikarpoor,  a  town  of  India,  district  and  14  miles 
S.E.  of  Boolundshahur.  It  is  compactly  built.  Pop.  11,150. 

Shikatze,  a  town  of  Thibet.    See  Teshoo- Loom  boo. 

Shikim,  a  state  of  India.     See  Sikkim. 

Shikoku,  slie-ko'kuh,  less  correctly  written  Sikokf 
and  Sikoke,  the  smallest  of  the  four  main  islands  of 
Japan,  S.  of  Hondo,  and  E.  of  Kioo-Sioo.  Area,  17,200 
square  miles.     Pop.  2,446,443. 

Shilka,  Schilka,  or  Chilka,  shil'ka,  a  river  of 
Asiatic  Russia,  in  Transbaikalia,  forming,  by  its  junction 
with  the  Argoon,  the  Amoor.  In  the  upper  part  of  its 
course  it  is  called  the  Onon. 

Shillooks,  Shillouks,  or  Shilluks,  shiriooks',  a 
people  dwelling  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Africa,  especially 
in  the  equatorial  provinces  of  Egypt,  to  which  a  part  are 
subject.  They  are  a  tall  negro  race,  and  extremely  savage, 
but  have  done  good  service  in  the  Egyptian  army. 

Shiloh,  shi'lo,  a  post-village  of  Marengo  co.,  Ala.,  about 
54  miles  W.S.W.  of  Selma.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery, 
and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Shiloh,  a  post-oflice  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Ark. 

Shiloh,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harris  co.,  Ga.,  12  miles  E.  of 
Hamilton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Shiloh,  a  township  of  Edgar  co..  III.     Pop.  1202. 

Shiloh,  a  post-village  of  St.  Clair  co..  III.,  about  6 
miles  N.E.  of  Belleville,  and  20  miles  E.  by  S.  of  St.  Louis, 
Mo.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  298. 

Shiloh,  a  post-office  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa,  6  miles  N.  of 
Tipton. 

Shiloh,  a  township  of  Grundy  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  551. 

Shiloh,  a  township  of  Neosho  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  523. 

Shiloh,  a  post-office  of  Ness  co.,  Kansas. 

Shiloh,  a  post-office  of  Calloway  co.,  Ky. 

Shiloh,  a  post-village  of  Union  parish.  La.,  40  milei 
N.W.  of  Monroe.  It  contains  the  Concord  Institute  (Bap- 
tist), 2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  &o. 


SIII 


2457 


SIII 


Shiloh,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ionia  co.,  Mich.,  in  Orleans 
township,  on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  &  Northern  Railroad 
(Stanton  Branch),  11  miles  N.  of  Ionia.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  union  school. 

SJiiloh,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co..  Mo. 

Shiloh,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  Neb. 

Shiloh,  a  post-village  in  Hopewell  township,  Cumber- 
land CO.,  N.J.,  4  or  5  miles  N.W.  of  Bridgeton.  It  has  a 
ohuroh,  an  academy,  and  2  stores. 

Shiloh,  a  post-hamlet  in  Shiloh  township,  Camden  co., 
N.C.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  Pasquotank  River,  about  48  miles 
S.  by  E.  of  Norfolk,  Va.  It  has  1  or  2  churches  and  a 
grist-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1546. 

Shiloh,  a  township  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1541. 

Shiloh,  a  post-village  in  Cass  township,  Richland  co., 
0.,  on  the  Cleveland,  Columbus,  Cincinnati  <fc  Indianapolis 
Railroad,  61  miles  S.W.  of  Cleveland,  and  16  miles  N.  of 
Mansfield.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  4  churches,  a  graded 
achool,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  in  1880,  661. 

Shiloh,  a  post-township  of  Sumter  co.,  S.C.  Pop.  1518. 
Shiloh  Post- Office  is  about  55  miles  E.  of  Columbia. 

Shiloh,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Tenn.,  7 
miles  S.  of  Corbandale  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Shiloh,  a  post-office  of  Erath  co.,  Tex. 

Shiloh,  a  post-hamlet  of  King  George  co.,  Va.,  25  miles 
E.  of  Fredericksburg.     Pop.  25. 

Shiloh,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co..  Wis. 

Shiloh  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Champaign  co.,  III.,  15 
miles  N.W.  of  Champaign  City.     Here  is  a  church. 

Shiloh  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co..  111.,  4i 
miles  W.  of  Campbell  Hill  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Shilohville,  shi'lo-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hardin  co., 
Tenn.,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Corinth,  Miss.  It  has  a  church. 
Near  here  occurred  the  battle  of  Pittsbdug  Landing. 

Shi'mer,  a  station  in  Northampton  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Le- 
high <fc  Lackawanna  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Bethlehem. 

Slii'mers,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  1  mile 
from  Phillipsburg.  It  has  a  church,  an  iron-furnace,  a 
saw-mill,  and  3  other  mills. 

Shimcrsville,  shi'm§rz-vll,  or  Shi'mervillc,  a  post- 
village  of  Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  about  10  miles  S.  of  Allentown, 
and  i  mile  from  Zionsville. 

Shimo'da,  or  Simo'da,  a  town  of  Japan,  island  of 
Hondo,  at  the  S.  end  of  the  peninsula  of  Idzu,  80  miles 
S.W.  of  Tokio.  In  1854  it  was  opened  to  American  com- 
merce, but  in  the  same  year  it  was  destroyed  by  an  earth- 
quake, and  its  harbor,  previously  good,  w.as  ruined,  since 
which  the  place  has  become  unimportant.     Pop.  4000. 

Shimoga,  a  town  of  India.    See  Simoga. 

Shimonoseki,  shim^o-no-sck'e,  or  Siraonosaki, 
sim^o-no-sak'e,  a  town  of  Japan,  on  the  S.W.  point  of 
Hondo,  commanding  the  Strait  of  Shimonoseki.  It  was 
bombarded  in  1864  by  a  fleet  of  British,  French,  Dutch, 
and  American  ships.  Pop.  10,000.  The  Strait  op  Shim- 
ttNOSEKi,  at  one  point  only  J  mile  across,  separates  Hondo 
Tom  Kioo-Sioo,  and  connects  the  Inland  Sea  with  the  Sea 
)f  Japan.     It  is  a  very  important  channel  of  commerce. 

Shin'bone,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Ala. 

Shin  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
14  miles  AV.  of  Kingston.     It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

Shin'die,  a  station  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railro.ad  (Lew- 
£town  division),  11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lewistown,  Pa, 

Shinghit,  shin-gheet',  or  Shingeti,  shin-gd'te,  a  town 
)f  the  Sahara,  in  the  Adrar  oasis,  with  a  depot  for  rock  salt 
ind  a  good  caravan-trade.     Pop.  3500. 

Shing-Kiug,  China.    See  Leao-Toxg. 
\    Shingle  (shing'g^l)  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Hennepin 
^0.,  Minn. 

I  Shingle  Creek,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y., 
!in  Antwerp  and  Rossie  townships,  near  the  Rome,  Water- 
:town  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad  (Keene's  Station),  41  miles 
3.  of  Ogdensburg.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  cheese-factory, 
[t  is  partly  in  Jefferson  co. 

Shingiehouse,  a  post-office  of  Potter  co.,  Pa. 

Shingle  Springs,  a  post-village  of  El  Dorado  co.,  Cal., 
Jn  the  Sacramento  &  Placerville  Railroad,  49  miles  E.  by 
p.  of  Sacramento.     Pop.  about  200. 

[  Shingletown,  shing'g§l-t5wn,  a  post-village  of  Shasta 
30.,  Cal.,  about  36  miles  N.E.  of  Red  Bluff.  It  has  a  manu- 
Tactory  of  sash,  doors,  and  blinds, 

Shin-Lin-Ling,  or  Chin-Lin-Ling,  sbeenMeen^- 
ling',  a  mountain  of  China,  province  of  Shan-See,  in  lat. 
J7°36'N.,  Ion.  112°  44'  E. 

Shin,  Locn,  Scotland.    See  Loch  Shix. 

Shin'necock  Bay,  Suffolk  co,,  N.Y.,  on  the  S,  side 
>f  Long  Island,  is  10  or  12  miles  long,  and  separated  from 
die  lea  by  a  narrow  sand-beach. 
155 


Shinn'ston,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  co.,  AV.  A'a.,  12 
miles  N.  of  Clarksburg,  and  about  60  miles  S.S.E.  of  AVheel- 
ing.  It  has  2  churches,  a  steam  saw-mill,  2  grist-mills,  and 
a  pottery. 

Shinrone,  shin-ron',  a  town  of  Ireland,  Kings  co.,  6 
miles  AV.N.AA^.  of  Roscrea.     Pop.  552. 

Shin-Yang,  a  town  of  Manchooria.   See  Mookdkn. 

Shiocton,  shi-ok'tpn,  a  post-village  of  Outagamie  co.. 
Wis.,  in  Bovina  township,  on  AVolf  River,  and  on  the  Green 
Bay  <fc  Minnesota  Railroad,  30i  miles  AV.  by  S.  of  Green 
Bay.     It  has  a  church,  a  lumber-mill,  and  several  stores. 

Ship  Cove,  a  fishing-hamlet  on  Conception  Bay,  New- 
foundland, 4  miles  from  Brigus.     Pop.  439. 

Ship  Cove,  a  hamlet  on  Trinity  Bay,  Newfoundland, 
3  miles  from  Trinity.     Pop.  350, 

Ship  Ilar'bor,  a  post-office  of  Whatcom  co.,  AVashing- 
ton. 

Ship  Harbor,  a  post-village  in  Halifax  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  48  miles  N.E.  of  Halifax. 

Ship  Island,  in  Bonavista  Bay,  Newfoundland,  i  milo 
from  Green's  Pond.     Pop.  142. 

Ship  Island,  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  is  30  miles  N.  of 
the  Chandeleur  Islands. 

Ship'ka,  a  Bulgarian  village  of  Eastern  Roumelia,  in 
a  gorge  on  the  S.  slope  of  the  Balkan  range.  Pop.  4000. 
In  the  rear  of  the  village  is  Shipka  Pass. 

Shipka  Pass,  a  famous  pass,  near  the  centre  of  the 
Balkan  Mountains,  in  Bulgaria,  14  miles  S.  of  Gabrova. 
Elevation,  4324  feet.  Three  miles  S.  of  the  pass  is  the  vil- 
lage of  Shipka. 

Ship'ley,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  at  a  railway 
junction,  3  miles  N.N.AA'.  of  Bradford.  Pop.  11,757,  em- 
ployed in  the  manufacture  of  woollens  and  paper. 

Shipley,  a  post-village  in  Perth  co.,  Ontario,  8  miles 
AV.  of  Palmerston.     Pop.  100. 

Ship'man,  a  post-village  in  Shipman  township,  Ma- 
coupin CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  A  Alton  Railroad,  19  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Alton.  It  has  4  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a 
money-order  post-office.     Pop.  about  500. 

Shippegan,  ship-p§h-g4n',  an  island  of  New  Bruns- 
wick, near  its  N.E.  coast,  at  the  S.E.  entrance  of  the  Bay 
of  Chaleurs.     It  is  about  20  miles  long. 

Shippegan,  a  seaport  town  of  New  Brunswick,  co.  of 
Gloucester,  at  the  entrance  to  the  Bay  of  Chaleurs,  70  miles 
N.E.  of  Chatham,  and  70  miles  E.  of  Bathurst.  It  has  a 
fine  harbor,  with  good  anchorage  for  the  largest  vessels, 
and  contains  several  stores.  The  inhabitants  are  chiefly 
engaged  in  the  fisheries.     Pop.  500, 

Ship'pen,  a  township  of  Cameron  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1824. 
Shippen  Station  is  on  the  Buffalo,  New  York  &  Philadel 
phia  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Emporium. 

Shippen,  a  township  of  Tioga  co..  Pa.     Pop.  270. 

Ship'penport,  a  hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.,1.,  on  Lak« 
Hopatcong,  and  on  the  Morris  &  Essex  Railroad. 

Ship'pensburg,  a  post-borough  of  Cumberland  co.. 
Pa.,  in  a  small  township  of  its  own  name,  on  the  Cumber- 
land Valley  Railroad,  22  miles  AV.S.AV.  of  Carlisle,  and  Hi 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Chambersburg.  It  contains  7  churches, 
the  Cumberland  Valley  State  Normal  School,  a  national 
bank,  1  other  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  2  iron-foundries 
with  machine-shops.  Po|«.  in  1880,  2213;  of  the  township, 
excluding  the  borough,  494. 

Ship'pensport,  a  station  in  Venango  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  A^alley  Railroad,  1 1  miles  N.  of  Parker. 

Ship'pcnsville,  a  post- village  of  Cl.irion  co..  Pa.,  in 
Elk  township,  on  the  Emlenton  &  Shippensville  Railroad, 
5  miles  N.E.  of  Edenburg,  and  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Oil 
City.  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  a  planing-mill,  and  manu- 
factures of  furniture  and  wagons. 

Ship'pingport,  a  hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Ohio,  2  miles  below  Louisville.  It  is  within  the  limits  of 
Louisville. 

Shippingport,  a  post-hamlet  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Ohio  River,  about  30  miles  below  Pittsburg.  It  is 
partly  supported  by  the  coal-business,  and  has  a  steam 
grist-mill  and  about  20  houses. 

Shipp's  Landing,  post-office,  Humphrey  co.,  Tenn. 

S]iip'ston-on-Stour,  a  town  of  England,  in  a  part 
of  the  CO.  of  AVorcester  enclosed  by  AVarwickshire,  30  miles 
E.S.E.  of  AVorcester.     Pop.  of  parish,  1800. 

Ship'ton,  a  township  of  England,  co.  and  6  miles 
N.N.AV.  of  York,  on  the  York  <t  Newcastle  Railway.  It 
has  a  grammar-school. 

Ship'ton,  a  post-village  in  Richmond  co.,  Quebec,  on 
the  river  Nicolet,  3  miles  from  Danville.  It  contains  saw- 
mills, grist-mills,  and  a  slate-quarry.     Pop.  250. 

Ship  Yard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Camden  co.,  N.C,  on  th« 


sni 


2458 


SIIO 


PkiiqaoUnk  Rirer,  4  milea  (bjr  Und)  from  Eliub«th  City. 
It  hM  ft  itor*. 

ShiraSf  a  eitT  of  Persia.    8«e  Shbbras. 

Shir^t  shee'ri,  or  Stai'ra,  »  river  of  Africa,  iaane*  from 
the  S.  end  of  Lake  Nyaasa,  flows  8.  for  300  miles,  »nd  Joins 
the  Zambeii  abore  ita  delta.  Ita  lower  oonrse  is  deep  and 
narigable,  bat  swift;  and  abore  the  head  of  na^rigatlon  it 
has  many  cataracts,  of  which  Marohison's  (or  Mamwira) 
Falls  are  the  most  noteworthy. 

ShiremanstowO)  shtr'mans-tSwn,  a  post-Tillage  of 
Camberland  eo.,  Pa.,  in  Hampden  township,  on  the  Cum- 
berland Valley  Railroad,  6  miles  Vf.  by  8.  of  Harrisburg.  It 
has  5  churches,  2  eoaoh-factories,  and  a  flour-mill.    P.  40-1. 

Shirinki,  or  Shirinky,  sheeMn'kce,  one  of  the  Koo- 
ril  Islands,  S.W.  of  Paramoosheer,  in  lat.  50°  10'  N.,  Ion. 
1&4°  68'  E.     It  is  a  conspicuous  rock,  35  milee  in  circuit. 

Shir'land,  a  poet-hamlet  in  Shirland  towniihip,  Win- 
nebago 00.,  III.,  on  Pecatonica  River,  and  on  the  Western 
Union  Railroad,  9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Boloit,  and  about  15 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Rockford.  It  has  a  church  and  a  cheesc- 
factorr.     Pop.  of  the  township,  559. 

Shirlandf  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  oo..  Pa.,  4  milea 
N.W.  of  Oakdale  Station.     It  has  a  store  and  3  dwellings. 

Shir'lef ,  a  poet-oSloe  of  Corington  oo.,  Ala. 

Shirley,  a  post-yillage  in  Dale  township,  McLean  co., 
III.,  on  the  Chicago  A  Alton  Railroad,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Bloomington.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  163. 

Shirley,  a  post-office  of  Pocahontas  co.,  Iowa. 

Shirley,  a  hamlet  in  Shirley  township.  Cloud  oo.,  Ean- 
tas,  on  the  Republican  River,  about  12  milea  E.  of  Concordia. 
Pup.  of  the  township,  912. 

Shirley,  a  post-township  of  Piscataquis  co.,  Me.,  about 
60  miles  N.W.  of  Bangor.     It  exports  lumber.     Pop.  206. 

Shirley,  a  post-township  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  about 
8  miles  E.  of  Fitchburg,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Nashua 
River,  and  intersected  by  the  Fitchburg  Railroad.  Pop. 
1352.  It  contains  a  hamlet  named  Shirley  and  a  larger 
place  called  Shirley  Village. 

Shirley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  N.T.,  in  North  Col- 
lins township,  about  22  miles  S.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  2  Friends' 
meetings,  a  tannery,  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Shirley,  a  station  of  the  East  Broad  Top  Railroad,  is 
at  Sbirleysburg,  Pa. 

Shirley,  a  township  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1633. 

Shirley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tyler  co.,  W.  Va.,  13  miles 
N.  of  West  Union.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
lumber-mill. 

Shirley  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Piscataquis  co.,  Me.,  in 
Shirley  township. 

Shirleysbarg,  shir'ljz-barg,  a  post-borough  in  Shirley 
township,  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.,  on  Anghwick  Creek,  and  on 
the  East  Broad  Top  Railroad,  6^  miles  S.  of  Mount  Union. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  high  school. 
Pop.  329.     Iron  ore  is  found  near  this  place. 

Shirley  Village,  a  post-village  in  Shirley  township, 
Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  10  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Fitchburg.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures 
of  cotton  sheetings,  paper,  and  leather  board. 

Shirtz'ville,  a  post-office  of  Wirt  co.,  W.  Va. 

Shirvan,  written  also  Shirwan,  Schir^van,  or 
Chirvan,  shjrVin'  or  sheer'vin',  a  former  province  of 
Asiatic  Russia,  in  Transcaucasia,  between  lat.  40°  and  41° 
N.  and  Ion.  48°  and  49°  30'  E.,  having  E.  the  Caspian  Sea 
and  the  province  of  Bakoo,  S.  the  river  Koor,  and  N.  the 
Caucasus.  A  range  of  high  mountains  traverses  the  region 
from  N.W.  to  S.E.,  separating  the  basins  of  the  Koor  and 
the  Terek. 

Shir'wa,  a  lake  of  Africa,  about  30  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Nyassa,  with  no  outlet.  Elevation,  1400  feet.  It  is  60 
miles  long,  and  over  20  miles  wide,  with  brackish  water 
and  swampy  shores. 

Shisdra,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Zrizdra. 

Shishewan,  shee'sh^h-wHn',  a  village  of  Persia,  in 
Azerbaijan,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Lake  Ooroomecyah.  In 
183S  an  uncle  of  the  Shah  resided  here,  in  a  palace  built 
in  the  European  style.  He  founded  an  experimental  farm, 
a  glass-foundry,  a  pottery,  a  wax-factory,  silk-,  cotton-, 
and  worsted-looms,  and  workshops  upon  European  models. 

Shi-Tsien,  a  city  of  China.     See  Shee-Tsies. 

Shiv'elton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Platte  co..  Mo.,  about  42 
miles  N.W.  of  Kansas  City.     It  is  near  the  Missouri  River. 

Shiz.     Seo  Xiz. 

Shkiperi,  European  Turkey.     See  Albania. 

Shoa,  Schoa,  or  Xoa,  sho'&,  written  also  Shwa,  the 
most  S.  of  the  three  principal  states  of  Abyssinia,  lies  chiefly 
between  the  Bahr-ei-Azrek,  or  Blue  Nile,  and  the  river 
liawash.     Lat.  8°  30'-l«<»  or  11°  N. ;  Ion.  38°-409  30'  E. 


The  surface  is  mostly  mountainous,  some  parts  from  8000 
to  9000  feet  above  the  sea,  but  it  comprises  many  rich  val- 
leys and  undalating  plains,  and  the  tributary  Ualla  terri- 
tories, on  the  frontiers,  are  exuberantly  fertile.  Cattle,  (■■ 
ooff^ee,  ootton,  dye-woods,  drugs,  wild  indigo,  sulphur,  i 
alum,  coal,  and  aeveral  metals  are  among  the  chief  rr 
nets.      Some  of  these,  and  gold-dust,  ivory,  hides,  civet  nuj 
other  merchandise  from  Central  Africa,  ootton  cloths,  blank- 
ets, baskets,  mats,  peltry,  leather,  and  parchment  manufac- 
tured in  8hoa,  and  slaves  from  the  interior,  are  sent  to 
Zeyla,  Berbera,  and  other  ports  on  the  Red  Sea  and  Oulf 
of  Aden  in  return  for  European  and  other  manufoctarcii 
goods  and  foreign  produce.     The  principal  towns  are  An- 
kober  (the  capital),  Angolalla,  and  Tegulct. 

Shoal,  sbOl,  a  township  of  Clinton  co..  Mo.    Pop.  2475. 

Shoal  (sh51)  Basin,  a  circular  bay  of  North  Australia, 
near  Shoal  Bay,  a  little  farther  up  Apslcy  Strait. 

Shoal  Bay,  of  East  Australia,  hit.  29°  25'  S.,  Ion,  153<> 
20'  E.,  is  about  midway  between  Moreton  Bny  and  Port 
Macquarie,  and  receives  Clarence  River  at  its  W.  extremity. 

Shoal  Bay,  of  North  Australia,  at  the  S.  extremity  of 
Apeley  Strait,  between  Melville  and  Bathurst  Islands.  Lat 
11°  48' 8.;  Ion.  130°  43'  E. 

Shoal  (shQl)  Bay,  a  fishing-hamlet  in  the  district  of 
Fcrryland,  Newfoundland,  15  miles  from  St.  John's.  Cop- 
per ore  is  found  here.     Pop.  103. 

Shoal  Bay,  a  settlement  in  Halifax  co.,  Nora  Scotia, 
52  miles  N.E.  of  Halifax.     Pop.  200. 

Shoal  Creek,  Illinois,  is  formed  by  its  East  and  West 
Forks,  which  rise  in  Montgomery  co.,  run  southward,  and 
unite  in  Bond  co.,  about  5  miles  S.W.  of  Greenville.  It 
flows  southward  through  Clinton  co.,  and  enters  the  Kas- 
kaskia  River.  '' 

Shoal  Creek,  Missouri,  runs  eastward,  intersects  Cald- 
well CO.,  and  enters  Grand  River  in  Livingston  co.,  4  or  5 
miles  S.  of  Chillicothe.     It  is  about  70  miles  long. 

Shoal  Creek  rises  in  Lawrence  co.,  Tenn.,  runs  south- 
ward through  Lauderdale  co.,  Ala.,  and  enters  the  Tennes- 
see River  about  10  miles  above  Florence. 

ShonI  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Cleburne  co.,  Ala. 

Shoal  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Logan  co.,  Ark. 

Shoal  Creek,  a  township  of  Barry  co..  Mo.    P.  1686. 

Shoal  Creek,  a  township  of  Newton  co..  Mo.    P.  76.'?. 

Shoal  Creek,  township,  Cherokee  co.,  N.C.    P.  1332. 

Shoal  Creek  Station,  Illinois.    See  Breese. 

Shoal  Ford,  a  post-office  of  Limestone  co.,  Ala.,  10 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Athens. 

Shoalhaven,  shul-h&'v^n,  a  river  of  New  South  Wales, 
rises  about  lat.  36°  S.,  Ion.  149°  50'  E.,  flows  N.  and  E., 
separating  the  co.  of  St.  Vincent  from  the  cos.  of  Murray, 
Argyle,  and  Camden,  and  enters  the  Pacific  by  a  large 
mouth,  75  miles  S.W.  of  Sydney.  An  active  trade  is  carried 
on  on  this  river. 

Shoal  Ness,  a  headland  of  Alaska,  lat.  69°  N.,  Ion. 
162°  W. 

Shoal  Point,  a  post-office  of  Galveston  co.,  Tex.,  on 
Galveston  Bay,  4  miles  from  Highland  Station. 

Shoal  River,  Florida,  runs  southwestward  through 
Walton  CO.,  and  enters  the  Yellow  River  about  16  miles 
above  Milton. 

Shoals,  shSlz,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Martin  co., 
Ind.,  in  Halbert  township,  on  the  East  Fork  of  White 
River,  and  on  the  Ohio  A  Mississippi  Railroad,  42  milea 
E.  of  Vincennes,  and  23  milea  W.  of  Mitchell.  It  has  a 
court-house,  a  newspaper  office,  4  churches,  a  graded  school, 
a  flour-mill,  a  spoke-factory,  a  blast-furnace,  and  manu- 
factures of  lumber,  Ac     Pop.  in  1880,  706. 

Shoals'bnrg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Newton  co.,  Mo.,  on 
Shoal  Creek,  5  miles  S.  of  Joplin,  and  about  16  miles  S.W. 
of  Carthage.     It  has  a  flouring-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Shoals  of  Ogeechee,  o-ghee'chee,  a  hamlet  of  Han- 
cock CO.,  Ga.,  on  the  Ogeechee  River,  12  miles  N.W.  of 
Warrenton.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Shoal'water  Bay,  Washington,  is  in  Pacific  co.,  and 
is  about  30  miles  long  measured  on  a  line  drawn  N.  and  S- 
It  communicates  with  the  ocean  by  an  entrance  about  5 
miles  wide  between  Toke  Point  and  Leadbetter  Point 
Many  oysters  are  procured  in  this  bay,  which  is  rather 
shallow,  but  is  said  to  be  one  of  the  best  harbors  between 
San  Francisco  and  Puget  Sound. 

Shobonier,  shSbVneer',  or  Shabonier,  a  post-vil- 
lage of  Fayette  co..  III.,  in  Kaakaskia  township,  on  the 
Illinois  Central  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Vandaiia.     P.  143. 

Shoc'co,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1637. 

Shockey's  Prairie,  shOk'jz  pra'ree,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Lamar  co.,  Tex.,  8  miles  from  Blossom  Prairie.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  grist-mill. 


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Shockeysville,  shok'iz-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fred- 
erick CO..  Va.,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Martinsburg,  W.  Va. 

Shock'ley,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.,  Kansas. 

Shockoe  (shSk'o)  Church,  a  post-office  of  Pittsyl- 
yania  co.,  Va. 

Shock's,  a  station  in  Wapello  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Bur- 
lington &  Missouri  Kiver  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Ottuniwa. 

Shock's,  a  station  in  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Columbia. 

Shoeburyness,  shoo'b?r-e-ness,  a  cape  of  England,  in 
Essex,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  Thames  estuary,  opposite 
Slieerness,  3  miles  E.  of  Southend.  Here  is  a  village,  with 
barracks,  a  gunnery-school,  and  buildings  connected  with 
the  ranges  for  artillery  target-practice  and  for  testing  steel 
plates  designed  for  naval  and  military  uses. 

Shoe  (shoo)  Cove,  a  fishing-hamlet  in  the  district  of 
Twillingate  and  Fogo,  Newfoundland,  4  miles  from  Tilt 
Cove.     Pop.  230. 

Shoe  Heel,  a  post-village  in  Shoe  Heel  township, 
Kobeson  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  Carolina  Central  Railroad,  89 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Wilmington.  It  has  2  hotels,  a  foundry, 
and  2  turpentine-distilleries.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1661. 

Shoemaker,  shoo'ma-k§r,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.. 
Pa.,  about  30  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Easton.  It  has  a  grist-mill 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Shoemaker's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Alleghany  co., 
N.Y.,  3  miles  from  Andover. 

Shoemnkersville,  a  post-village  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Schuylkill  River,  12  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Reading.  Pop. 
600. 

Shoemakertown,  now  Ogontz,  a  post-village  in 
Cheltenham  township,  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Beth- 
lehem Branch  of  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railroad,  10 
miles  from  the  initial  station  in  Philadelphia.  It  contains 
an  academy,  a  church,  and  manufactories  of  carriages  and 
of  edge-tools.     Its  station  and  post-office  name  is  Ogontz. 

Shoenersville,  sha'n§rz-vil  or  shfin'§rz-vil,  a  post- 
hamlet  of  Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  in  Hanover  township,  2  miles 
from  Catasauqua.     It  has  a  church. 

Shogre,  or  Shogher,  sho'gh^r,  a  town  of  North  Syria, 
on  the  Orontes,  25  miles  S.S.E.  of  Antioch. 

Shoho'la,  a  post-village  in  Shohola  township.  Pike 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad, 
19  miles  N.W.  of  Port  Jervis.  It  has  a  church  and  2  or  3 
■tores.  A  suspension-bridge  crosses  the  river  here,  and 
connects  Shohola  with  Barryville.     Pop.  of  township,  729. 

Sho'kan,  a  post-village  in  Olive  township,  Ulster  co., 
N.Y.,  on  Esopus  Creek,  and  on  the  Ulster  &  Delaware 
Railroad,  14  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Kingston.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  tannery,  a  grist-mill,  ifce. 

Shoko'kon,  a  village  of  Honey  Creek  township,  Hen- 
derson CO.,  111.     Pop.  79. 

ShoMaghiir',  or  Sholagher,  sho-la-giir',  a  town  of 
Bengal,  Dacca  district.  Lat.  23°  33'  20''  N. ;  Ion.  90°  20' 
iE.     Pop.  6525. 

Sholapoor,  town  and  district  of  India.  See  Solapoor. 

Shomasi)ur,  sho^mis-poor',  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  Ti- 
iperah.     Lat.  23°  50'  N.;  Ion.  91°  4'  B.     Pop.  3010. 
f    Shomer,  a  province  of  Arabia.    See  Jebel. 

Siioiia,  sho'ni,  a  small  island  of  Scotland,  on  the  W. 
eoast,  CO.  of  Inverness.     Lat.  56°  49'  N. 

Sho'neytown,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co..  Mo. 
■  Shon^galoo',  a  post-hamlet  of  Webster  parish.  La.,  50 
miles  S.  of  Hope,  Ark.     It  has  a  church. 

Shon'gelo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smith  co..  Miss.,  4  miles 
N.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  flour-  and  rice-mills,  and  a  cotton- 
gin. 

Shongo,  shong'go,  a  post-hamlet  in  Willing  township, 
Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Genesee  River,  about  56  miles 
W.  of  Elmira.     It  has  a  church. 

Shoobootee,  or  Shoobata,  Miss.    See  Shubttta. 

Shoo  Fly,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa,  about  20 
miles  W.  of  Muscatine. 

'  Shoojuabad,  shoo'joo-a-bid',  or  Shujabad,  shoo^- 
J!j-b4d',  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  4  miles  from  the  E.  bank  of 
the  Chenaub,  and  25  miles  S.  of  Mooltan.  It  stands  in  a 
fine  fertile  plain,  watered  by  canals,  and  is  enclosed  by  a 
'brick  wall  30  feet  in  height.  It  has  manufactures  of  cot- 
tons and  turned  wares  of  superior  quality,  with  excellent 
jgardens,  yielding  sugar-cane,  cotton,  grain,  and  indigo. 

Shookotskoi,  Behring's  Strait.    See  East  Capk. 
•    Shool'bred,  a  post-village  in  Bonaventure  co.,  Quebec, 
•n  the  river  Restigouche,  29  miles  from  Campbellton.  P.  175. 

Shoomla,  Schumla,  Shiimla,  or  Choumla, 
Bhoom'14,  sometimes  written  Shumiia,  a  fortified  city  of 
Bulgaria,  58  miles  S.S.W.  of  Silistria.  Lat.  43°  15'  N. ; 
Ion.  near  27°  E.     Pop    23,093.     It  stands  in  a  gorge  on 


the  N.  declivity  of  the  Balkan.  On  three  sides  it  is  cncloseid 
by  mountains,  and  is  encircled  by  ramparts  and  a  double 
fosse,  strengthened  by  a  citadel  and  strong  redoubts  on  an 
adjacent  height.  It  is  intersected  by  a  rivulet,  and  divided 
into  an  upper  and  a  lower  town,  the  former  containing 
numerous  mosques  and  barracks.  It  is  the  residence  of  ••» 
Greek  archbishop,  and  hift  manufactures  of  tin-  and  copper- 
wares,  clothes,  silk  goods,  and  leather. 

Shoo'ree,  or  Shuri,  shoo'ree,  a  fortified  town,  capital 
of  the  Loo-Choo  Islands,  near  the  W.  coast  of  Great  Loo- 
Choo,  and  near  the  port  called  Napa. 

Shoosha,  Shousha,  or  Shusha,  shoo'shS,,  written 
also  Shooshi  or  Schuschi,  shoo'shee,  and  Chouche, 
a  town  of  Russia,  in  Transcaucasia,  government  and  7" 
miles  S.E.  of  Yelisavetpol,  and  ISO  miles  S.E.  of  Tiflis.  It 
was  founded  under  the  name  of  Penah-abad  by  Nadir 
Sha,h,  in  a  very  strong  position.     Pop.  30,000. 

Shooshooa,  or  Shushuah,  shoo'shoo-4,  an  island  of 
the  Red  Sea,  near  the  entrance  to  the  Gulf  of  Akabah,  in 
Arabia,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Moilah. 

Shooster,  Shnster,  or  Schuster,  shoos't^r,  written 
also  ChOHSteror  Schouster,  a  city  of  Persia,  in  Khoo- 
zistan,  on  the  Karoon,  32  miles  E.S.B.  of  Dezfool.  Lat. 
32°  N. ;  Ion.  49°  E.  Pop.  8000.  It  stands  on  a  small  hill 
crowned  by  a  citadel,  and  on  the  land  side  it  is  enclosed  by 
a  brick  wall,  outside  of  which  the  Ab-i-Gargar  Canal,  con- 
structed by  Shahpoor  I.,  separates  it  from  its  suburb.  Its 
houses  are  mostly  of  stone,  and  the  city  possesses  many 
elegant  buildings.  ' 

Shoo'ter's  Hill,  England,  co.  of  Kent,  parish  of  Elt- 
ham,  li  miles  S.E.  of  Woolwich,  rises  to  446  feet  in  height, 
and  is  one  of  the  most  conspicuous  heights  near  London. 

Shoot'ing  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Clay  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  423. 

Shoot'man,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Mo.,  8  miles 
N.E.  of  Carrollton.     It  has  a  church. 

Shooya,  Shuya,  Schitja,  or  Chouia,  shoo'yl,  ^ 
town  of  Russia,  government  of  Vladimeer,  on  the  Tesa,  5D 
miles  N.W.  of  Viazniki.  Pop.  21,432.  It  has  linen-  and 
cotton-weaving  and  print-works,  soap-factories,  and  varioiu! 
other  factories. 

Shopiere,  sho'pe-air',  a  post-village  in  Turtle  town- 
ship. Rock  CO.,  Wis.,  on  Turtle  Creek,  and  on  the  Chicago  & 
Northwestern  Railroad,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Janesville,  and  6 
miles  N.E.  of  Beloit.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a 
graded  school,  <fee. 

Shop  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilson  co.,  Tenn.,  7 
miles  S.E.  of  Lebanon. 

Shop'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ky.,  9  miles 
E.  of  Somerset.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill.  ' 

Shore'ditch,  a  quarter  of  the  British  metropolis,  im- 
mediately N.  of  the  city  of  London,  and  included  in  th^ 
borough  of  Hackney.     Pop.  127,164. 

Shoreham,  shor'.am,  or  New  Shoreham,  a  seaport 
town  of  England,  in  Sussex,  on  the  South  Coast  Railway,  6 
miles  W.  of  Brighton.  Pop.  3678.  The  town  is  irregularly 
built;  the  principal  buildings  are  the  market-house,  a  fine 
church,  and  a  suspension-bridge  over  the  Adur.  The  har- 
bor is  encumbered  by  a  bar  with  from  14  to  17  feet  of  water, 
but  Shoreham  still  continues  to  carry  on  an  important  trade, 
it  being  a  warehousing  port.  Shoreham  has  ship-building 
and  a  fishery,  and  extensive  works  for  cement.  The  bor- 
ough returns  two  members  to  Parliament. 

Shoreham,  shor'am,  a  post- village  in  Shoreham  town- 
ship, Addison  co.,  Vt.,  3  miles  N.  of  the  Addison  Branch 
of  the  Vermont  Central  Railroad,  about  28  miles  N.W.  of 
Rutland,  and  12  miles  S.W.  of  Middlebury.  It  contains  an 
academy,  3  churches,  and  a  cheese-factory.  The  township 
is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Lake  Champlain.  Pop.  of  the 
township  in  1890,  1240. 

Short  Beach,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Daultng's  Lake. 

Short  Creek,  of  Ohio,  falls  into  the  Ohio  Kiver  in 
JefFerson  co. 

Short  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Grayson  co.,  Ky. 

Short  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Harrison  co.,  O., 
about  15  miles  N.W.  of  AVheeling,  W.  Va.  Pop.  1799, 
It  contains  Georgetown  and  Uarrisville.  Short  Creek  Post- 
Office  is  at  Georgetown. 

Short  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brooke  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Ohio  River,  opposite  Portland,  0. 

Shor'ter's  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Macon  co.,  Ala.; 
is  near  the  Tallapoosa  River,  and  on  the  Western  Railroad, 

23  miles  E.  of  Montgomery. 

Short'erville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  Ala.,  about 

24  miles  S.  of  Eufaula.     It  has  2  churches. 

Short  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  in  Epsom  township,  Mer- 
rimack CO.,  N.H-.j  on  the  Suncook  Vallej  Railroad,  and  Oil 


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Suncook  River,  9\  milos  S.S.W.  of  PitUfield,  and  about  10 
utile*  E.  of  Couoonl. 

Short  Hills,  a  poit-village  of  Eatex  oo..  N.J.,  8  miles 
bjr  rail  W.S.W.  of  Orange. 

Short  Line,  a  post-office  of  York  oo.,  Pa.,  ia  at  Mar- 
tin's SUtion,  8  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  York. 

Short  Mountain,  a  po8t-hn«n1ot  of  Cannon  co.,  Tenn., 

15  miles  N.  of  McMinnvillo.     Pop.  44. 
Shorts'ville,  a  post-village  in  Mancbostor  township, 

Ontario  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Canandaigua  Outlet  and  tbe  Au- 
burn Branch  of  the  Now  York  Central  Railroad,  16i  miles 
N.  W.  of  Uenevo.  It  hns  a  graded  school,  a  church,  2  paper- 
itiills,  and  a  manufactory  of  grain-drills.     P.  (1880)  A20. 

Shortsville,  a  hamlet  of  Tioga  oo.,  Pa.,  in  Chatham 
township,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Niles  Valley  Railroad  Station. 
Pop.  about  100.     llere  is  Chatham  Valley  Post-Offioe. 

Short  Tract,  a  post-offlce  of  Alleghany  CO.,  N.Y.,  about 
20  miles  S.W.  of  Dansville.  Here  is  a  street  about  2  miles 
long,  with  scattered  houses. 

Shoshone,  sho-sho-nco',  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of 
Idaho,  has  an  area  of  about  3000  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  North  Fork  of  Clearwater  River,  and  is 
bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  South  Fork  of  the  same. 
These  forks  unite  on  the  W.  border  of  the  county.  It  is 
also  drained  by  Oro  Fino  River,  and  bounded  on  the  N.E. 
by  the  Bitter  Root  Mountains,  which  are  covered  with  for- 
ests of  pine,  cedar,  and  other  trees.  Gold  is  the  chief  arti- 
cle of  export.  The  reported  value  of  the  gold  found  in  it 
In  1870  was  $370,172.  Capital,  Pierce  City.  Valuation 
of  real  and  personal  estate,  $220,470.  Pop.  in  1870,  722, 
of  whom  93  were  Americans;  in  ISSO,  469. 

Shoshone  (or  Shoshonee)  Falls,  a  grand  cataract 
of  the  Snake  River,  in  Idaho,  near  lat.  42°  35'  N.,  Ion. 
114°  5'  W.  Here  the  river  runs  in  a  long  deep  canon  be- 
tween vertical  volcanic  rocks,  and  is  said  to  be  about  250 
yards  wide.  The  height  of  the  cataract  is  nearly  200  feet. 
"At  the  point  where  the  falls  are  located,"  says  J.  Ross 
Browne,  "  the  canon  is  nearly  a  mile  wide.  Viewed  from 
below,  it  appears  circular,  like  a  vast  amphitheatre,  with  the 
falls  in  the  centre.  The  different  layers  of  laviv  resemble 
seats  in  tiers  ranged  one  above  another  to  a  height  of  700 
feet  above  the  head  of  the  falls.  In  the  narrowest  part  the 
water  is  200  or  300  yards  wide.  About  400  yards  above 
the  main  falls  are  five  islands,  dividing  the  stream  into  six 
parts.  Below  the  islands  the  water  unites  and  passes  in  an 
unbroken  sheet  over  the  great  fivll ;  the  descent  is  about 
200  feet.  The  semicircle  at  the  head  of  the  falls  is  appar- 
ently perfect,  and  the  leap  as  clear  as  that  of  Niagara." 
Below  the  cataract  the  river  runs  in  a  caiion  about  1000 
feet  deep.     Shoshone  is  the  Indian  name  of  this  river. 

Shoshone  Lake,  the  source  of  Shoshone  Creek,  one 
of  the  head-streams  of  the  Snake  River,  Montana,  in  a 
basin  full  of  geysers  and  other  thermal  and  sulphur  springs. 
Elevation,  7870  feet;  length,  12  miles;  breadth,  8  miles. 
The  outline  is  very  irregular,  and  tho  water  clear. 

Shot'ley-Bridge,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Durham, 
on  the  Derwent,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Newcastle-upon-Tyne. 

Shotts'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Ala.,  about 

16  miles  E.  of  Fulton,  Miss.     It  has  a  church  and  a  store. 
Shot'well,  a  post-otfice  of  Franklin  co..  Mo.,  about  64 

miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Shoun's  Cross  Roads, post-office,  Johnson  co.,Tenn. 

Shoup's  Ford,  a  post-office  of  Burke  co.,  N.C. 

Shousetown,  or  Shoustown,  showss'town,  a  post- 
hamlet  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  S.W.  bank  of  the  Ohio 
River,  16  miles  by  rail  below  Pittsburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Shousha,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia.     See  Siioosha. 

Shovel  (shiiv'^l)  Mount,  post-office,  Burnet  co.,  Tex. 

Showy,  sho'ee,  a  town  of  Africn,  on  the  Shari,  23  miles 
S.E.  of  Lake  Chad.     Lat.  12°  45'  N.;  Ion.  15°  58'  E. 

Shreve,  shrcev,  a  post-village  in  Clinton  township, 
Wayne  co.,  0.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  <t  Chicago 
Railroad,  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Woostcr.  It  has  a  graded 
school,  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures 
of  sash,  blinds,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  908. 

Shreveport,  shreev  port,  a  city  of  Louisiana,  the  capi- 
tal of  Caddo  parish,  is  on  the  W.  bank  of  Red  River,  and 
on  the  Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad,  about  20  miles  below  the 
Great  Raft,  and  on  the  E.  shore  of  Soda  Lake,  about  44 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Jefferson,  Tex.  Steamboats  ply  regularly 
between  this  city  and  New  Orleans.  It  contains  a  court- 
bouse,  11  churches,  3  banking-houses,  several  steam  mills, 
2  machine-shops,  gas-works,  manufactures  of  lumber  and 
cotton-seed  oil,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  2  daily  and 
2  weekly  newspapers.  Cattle  and  cotton  are  the  chief 
articles  of  export.  About  40,000  bales  of  cotton  are  re- 
ceived here  annually.    Pop.  in  1880^  8009. 


Shrewsbury,  ahrSs'bfr-e  or  ahrooi'b^r-e  (ano.  Drjao'.' 
nium),  a  town  of  England,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Salop,  nearlT! 
enclosed  by  the  Severn,  at  the  junction  of  many  ntilwavi  ^ 
38  milea  S.  of  Chester.     Pop.  26,478.     It  has  many  p'  ' 
residences,  fine  churches,  a  liirge  town  hall,  county  hull, : 
ket-houses,  county  Jail,  military  depot,  inliriuury,  tin 
grammar-school,  hospital  and  other  well-endowed  clui:. 
music  hall,  literary  and  pliiloso|>hical  society,  mcfli;[ 
institution,  public   library,  assembly-rooms,  mnnufacti..., 
of  linen  thread,  canvas,  iron-wares,  brawn,  and  cakes,  • 
aalmon-fishery  in  the  river,  and  a  trade  in  coal  and  eora 
by  canal  and  by  the  Severn.     It  sends  two  members  to  th« 
House  of  Commons.     In  the  time  of  Alfred,  Slircwtbury  ; 
ranked  as  one  of  the  chief  cities  of  England.    In  1403  Hit' 
famous  battle  which  resulted  in  the  defeat  of  Ilutopur  and  | 
tho  Earl  of  Douglas,  his  ally,  by  Henry  IV.,  was  fought  in ' 
its  vicinity.     It  is  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop's  see.  1 

Shrewsbury,  shrooz'b^r-c,  a  post-village  in  Shrews- i 
bury  township,  Worcester  co.,  Slass.,  nbout  6  miles  by  rail ' 
N.E.  of  Worcester,  and  36  miles  W.  of  lUwton.  It  has  2  ' 
churches,  an  academy,  and  manufactures  of  boots,  tin-waro, ' 
Ac.  The  township  is  bounded  on  tho  W.  by  QuinsigamonJ  ' 
Lake,  4  miles  long.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1524.  j 

Shrewsbury,  a  post-village  in  Shrewsbury  township,  j 
Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  New  Jersey  Southern  and  Cen- ' 
tral  Railroads,  about  30  miles  by  water  or  41  by  rail  S.  of 
New  York  City,  and  5  miles  W.N.W.  of  Long  Branch.  It 
is  on  or  near  an  inlet  of  tho  ocean,  called  Shrewsbury  Kiver, 
It  contains  2  cliurches,  a  seminary  for  young  ladies,  a  car- 
riage-factory, and  many  fino  residences.  Pop.  about  8U0. 
Besides  Shrewsbury,  the  township  contains  the  larger  vil- 
lage of  Red  Bank,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  6526. 

Shrewsbury,  township,  Lycoming  co..  Pa.    Pop.  442. 

Shrewsbury,  a  township  of  Sullivan  co..  Pa.    P.  209. 

Shrewsbury,  a  post-village  in  Shrews'bury  township, 
York  CO.,  Pa.,  about  1  mile  E.  of  Shrewsbury  Station  of  tlie 
Northern  Central  Railroad,  which  station  is  18  miles  S.  of 
York.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  savings-bank,  a  tannery, 
and  a  grist-mill.  Pop.  600.  The  township  contains  alM 
the  village  of  Glen  Rock.     Total  pop.  3559. 

ShreAVsbury,  a  post-village  in  Shrewsbury  township, 
Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  about  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rutland,  ond  1 
milo  E.  of  tho  Rutland  division  of  tho  Vermont  Central 
Railroad.     It  hns  2  or  3  churches.     Poy>.  of  township,  1235. 

Shrewsbury,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kanawha  co.,  W.  Va.,  1 
mile  from  Coalburg  Railroad  Station. 

ShreAVsbury  Uivcr,  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Monmouth 
CO.,  N.J. ,  is  tho  continuation  of  Sandy  Hook  Bay,  separated 
from  Neversink  River  by  a  narrow  neck. 

Shrig'ley,  a  post-village  in  Grey  co.,  Ontario,  23  milea 
from  Collingwood.     Pop.  180. 

Shropshire,  a  county  of  England.    See  Salop. 

Shrub  Oak,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  6 
miles  from  Peekskill,  and  about  44  miles  N.  of  New  York 
It  has  2  churches. 

Shrule,  shrool,  a  post-office  of  Fillmore  co..  Neb. 

Shtab,  a  town  of  Bulgaria.    See  Sistova. 

Shtshigry,  or  Sclitschigry,  sh-chig'rco,  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  27  miles  E.N.E.  of  Koorsk,  on  a 
river  of  the  same  name.     Pop.  4946. 

Shu^benac'adic,  a  principal  river  of  Nova  Scotia, 
which  peninsula  it  nearly  divides  into  two  portions;  after 
a  N.  course  it  enters  a  bay  45  miles  N.  of  Halifax,  with 
which  city  and  its  harbor  it  is  connected  by  a  canal  30 
miles  in  length. 

Shubcnacadie,  a  post-village  in  Colchester  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  Shubcnacadie  Iliver,  20  miles  from  its  mouth, 
and  on  tho  Intercolonial  Railway,  38  miles  from  Halifax. 
It  has  brick-fields,  a  tannery,  pail-factory,  saw-mill,  2  hotels, 
and  3  stores.     Pop.  350. 

Shubuta,  shoo-boo'tg.,  a  post-village  of  Clarke  co.,  Miss., 
on  the  Chickasawha  River  and  the  Mobile  A  Ohio  Railroad, 
.39  miles  S.  of  Meridian,  and  96  miles  N.N.W.  of  iMobile. 
It  has  4  churches.  About  7000  bales  of  cotton  are  shipped 
here  annually.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Shncy's  (shoo'iz)  Mills,  or  Shueytown,  shoo'e- 
t5wn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Green  co..  Wis.,  6  miles  S.  of  Monroe. 

Shueyville,  shoo'e-vil,  a  post-villago  in  JeiTcrson 
township,  Johnson  co.,  Iowa,  about  10  miles  S.  of  Ceil.ir 
Rapids,  and  2  miles  N.  of  the  Iowa  River.  It  has  a  church 
and  25  dwellings. 

Shuf'field,  a  township  of  Moore  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  1270. 

Shu'fordville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Buncombe  co.,  N.C, 
about  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Asheville. 

Shugshut,  shoog'shoot,  written  also  Shughnt,  or 
Shugheud,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the  Sakarceyuh,  30 
miles  S.E.  of  Izneek.     Pop.  7000. 


SIIU 


2401 


SIA 


Shuhri-Bababeg,  shoo'ree-bl-bd-b5g',  a  town  of 
Persia,  province  and  95  miles  W.  of  Kcnnan. 

Shiijabad,  a  town  of  the  Punjab.    See  Shoojuabad. 

Shiills'burg,  a  post-village  in  Shullsburg  township, 
Lafayette  co.,  Wis.,  about  CO  miles  S.W.  of  Madison,  and 
24  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Dubuque.  It  has  4  churches,  o.  bank- 
ing-house, a  money-order  post-office,  a  high  school,  a  grist- 
mul,  an<l  2  smelting-furnaces.  Lead  is  mined  in  this  town- 
Bbip.     Pop.  in  1880,  1168;  of  the  township,  2245. 

Shull's  Mills,  a  post-offlce  of  AVatauga  co.,  N.C. 

Shuloiigh,  shoo'lo,  a  post-office  of  Walker  co.,  Ala. 

Shumagin{shoo'mi-gheen)  IslandSjagroup  of  Alas- 
ka, S.  of  the  peninsula  of  Aliaska.  They  are  much  visited 
by  fishermen. 

Shumalari,  shiim'a-lll'ree,  written  also  Chamalari, 
Choiiinalarie,  and  Tchamoulari,  one  of  the  prin- 
cipal peaks  of  the  Himalaya  Mountains,  between  Thibet  and 
•Bootan.  Lat.  28°  4'  N.;  Ion.  90°  E.  Elevation,  27,200 
I  feet. 

Shu'mansville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caroline  co.,  Va.,  7 
miles  N.E.  of  Penola  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2  churches. 
•  Shumla,  or  Shumna,  Bulgaria.    See  Shoomla. 

Shum'la,  a  hamlet  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Pom- 
fret  township,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Laona  Station. 

Shum^shabad',  or  Shamsabad,  shiim's3.-bid',  a 
town  of  India,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Furruckabad.     Pop.  8710. 

Shum'way,  a  post-village  in  Banner  township,  Effing- 
ham CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  <t  Paducah  Railroad,  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Altamont.  It  has  2  or  3  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 
Pop.  150. 

Shn'iia,  one  of  the  Inner  Hebrides  Islands,  Scotland, 
CO.  of  Argyle,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Craigneish. 

Shu'iicm,  an  ancient  town  of  Palestine,  S.  of  Nain. 

Shunk,  a  post-hamlet  in  Fox  township,  Sullivan  co.. 
Pa.,  about  26  miles  N.N.E.  of  Williamsport.  It  has  a 
grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Shun-King,  or  Chun-Khing,  shfin-king',  a  city  of 
China,  province  of  Se-Chuen,  on  a  tributary  of  the  Yang- 
tse-Kiang,  115  miles  E.  of  Ching-Too-Foo. 

Shuii-Ning,  or  Chun-Ning,  shun-ning',  a  city  of 
China,  province  and  170  miles  W.  of  Yun-Nan. 

Shun'pike,  a  post-office  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Dutchess  <fe  Columbia  Railroad,  34  miles  N.E.  of  Newburg. 

Shun-Te,  or  Chun-Te,  shun-ti',  a  city  of  China, 
province  of  Pe-Chee-Lee,  220  miles  S.S.W.  of  Peking. 

Shup^eyon',  or  Shapeyan,  shap-i-yin',  a  town  of 
Cashmere,  6550  feet  above  the  sea,  and  28  miles  S.  of  Se- 
rinagur.  Lat.  33°  42'  N. ;  Ion.  74°  45'  E.  Pop.  2353. 
Shupeyon  district,  of  850  square  miles,  has  a  pop.  of  54,522. 

Snuqnaiak,  shoo'kwa-lak^,  a  post-village  of  Noxubee 
CO.,  Miss.,  on  the  Mobile  <k  Ohio  Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of 
Macon,  and  53  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Meridian.  It  has  a  news- 
paper office  and  4  churches.     Pop.  about  500. 

Sharukhs,  shooVooKs',  a  fort  and  Toorkoman  settle- 
ment of  Asia,  on  the  frontier  between  Persia  and  Khiva,  90 
miles  S.W.  of  Merv,  and  E.N.E.  of  Meshed.  Its  vicinity 
is  well  watered,  and  produces  fine  crops  of  wheat,  melons, 
and  other  fruits. 

Shns,  or  Shushan,  Persia.    See  Soos, 

Shusha,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia.    See  Shoosha. 

Shu'shan,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Salem  township,  on  Batten  Kill  River,  and  on  the  Rens- 
selaer it  Saratoga  Railroad,  41  miles  N.N.E.  of  Albany,  and 
7  miles  S.  of  Salem.  It  has  3  churches,  a  woollen-factory, 
a  grist-mill,  a  lumber-mill,  <tc. 

Shushgao,  Afghanistan.    See  Shasgo. 

Shnster,  a  city  of  Persia.    See  Shoostek. 

Shutal  (shoo'tir,  ShutuI,  shoo'tul',  or  Shatool, 
sh&Hool')  Pass,  across  the  Hindoo-Koosh,  between  Cabool 
and  Khoondooz,  is  in  lat.  35°  33'  N.,  Ion.  69°  8'  E.  Eleva- 
tion, 15,500  feet. 

Shutesbury,  shoots'b?r-e,  a  post-hamlet  in  Shutesbury 
township,  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  6  miles  E.N.B.  of  North 
Amherst  Station,  and  about  17  miles  N.E.  of  Northampton. 
The  township  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  658. 

Shut'ter's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schoharie  co., 
N.Y.,  3  or  4  miles  N.E.  of  Schoharie.     It  has  a  tannery. 

Shuya,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Suooya. 

Shwa,  a  state  in  Abyssinia.    See  SiioA. 

Shwat,  Schwat,  or  Chouat,  shwit,  a  town  of  Asia, 
M  miles  N.E.  of  Khiva,  inhabited  lay  Oozbeks. 
■  Shway-  (or  Shwe-)  Doung,  shwi-dSwng',  a  town 
of  British  Burmah,  on  the  Irawaddy,  district  and  18  miles 
S.  of  Prome.     Pop.  12,411. 

Shway-gyeen,  or  Shwegycen,8hwa-g'yeen',  a  dis- 
trict of  British  Burmah,  in  Tcnasserim.  Area,  6567  square 
miles.    Pop.  129,485. 


Shway-gyeen,  or  Shivcgyeen,  a  town  of  British 
Burmah,  capital  of  Shway-gyeen  district,  on  the  Setang 
River,  100  miles  N.N.E.  of  Rangoon.     Pop.  6957. 

Siah-Koh,  6ee''a-ko'  (the  "black  mountain"),  in  Af- 
ghanistan, bounds  the  plain  of  Jelalabad  on  the  N.  Lat. 
34°  25'  N.;  Ion.  70°  E. 

Siak,  or  Siakh,  se-&k',  a  state  of  Sumatra,  extending 
along  its  N.E.  coast,  opposite  Malacca  and  Singapore,  and 
with  a  town  of  the  same  name  on  the  river  Siak,  45  miles 
from  its  mouth,  in  lat.  0°  25'  N.,  Ion.  101°  55'  E.  Surface 
flat.  Exports,  gold,  camphor,  gambler,  rattans,  tobacco, 
wax,  sago,  ivory,  and  silk  stuff's  ;  imports,  opium,  salt,  wool- 
lens, and  Madras  piece-goods. 

Siak  River,  Sumatra,  flows  N.E.,  and  enters  the  Strait 
of  Malacca  behind  some  islands  nearly  opposite  the  British 
settlement  of  Malacca. 

Sialkowice,  villages  of  Prussia.    See  Schialkowite. 

Siam,  si-am'  or  se-am'  (native,  T'hai,  t'hi;  Burmese, 
Yoo'dra),  an  independent  country  of  Southeast  Asia,  of 
which  it  occupies  the  centre  and  S.  parts,  extending  between 
lat.  4°  and  2 1°  N.  and  Ion.  96°  and  106°  E.,  nearly  enclosing 
the  Gulf  of  Siam  on  the  S.,  and  having  W.  the  Strait  of 
Malacca  and  British  Tenasscrim  provinces,  E.  Laos,  Cam- 
bodia, and  the  Gulf  of  Siam,  and  N.  Burmah.  Length,  N. 
to  S.,  1200  miles ;  breadth,  400  miles.  Capital,  Bangkok. 
Pop.  estimated  at  5,750,000.  On  the  W.,  where  alone  the 
boundary  is  ascertained,  Siam  proper  is  separated  from  the 
Tcnasserim  coast  by  mountain-chains,  and  on  the  other 
sides  it  is  bordered  by  the  Cambodian  provinces  of  Moung 
Batabong  and  Moung  Siamdrap.  The  kingdom  comprises 
the  W.  half  of  Cambodia,  part  of  the  isthmus  connecting 
the  Malay  peninsula  with  the  Asiatic  continent,  and  the  N. 
and  middle  portion  of  the  peninsula  called  Lower  Siam, 
the  straits  of  which  are  tributary  to  Siam,  and  where  it  en- 
closes the  British  province  of  Wellesley.  The  Mcnam  River 
traverses  its  centre  from  N.  to  S.,  and  by  annual  inunda- 
tions renders  the  great  plain  extremely  fertile.  The  other 
principal  river  is  the  Meklong,  which  joins  the  Mcnam 
near  its  mouth  in  theGulf  of  Siam.  The  Bien-Hoa  Lake  is 
on  the  S.E.  boundary.  The  climate  is  salubrious  in  tlie 
mountainous  districts,  but  the  plains  and  forests  are  tho 
seat  of  malignant  fevers.  The  chief  products  are  rice, 
sugar,  pepper,  tobacco,  cocoa-nuts,  sago,  tropical  fruits, 
teak-,  sandal-,  sapan-,  rose-,  and  other  woods,  coffee,  cotton, 
gum  dammar  and  gum  lac,  and  rattans.  Copper  is  the 
chief  mineral  product;  but  there  are  gold-mines  at  Moung 
Kabin,  and  lead,  antimony,  zinc,  iron,  and  gems  are  also 
found.  The  elephant,  rhinoceros,  tiger,  buffalo,  leopard, 
bears,  serpents,  and  crocodiles  abound,  and  the  rivers  are 
rich  in  fish.  The  Siamese,  or  Thai,  are  of  the  Mongolian 
family,  and  of  a  mild  and  humane  disposition.  Booddhism 
is  the  state  religion.  The  French  Jesuits  founded  missions 
in  1658,  and  have  a  seminary  and  other  schools  in  the  capi- 
tal, where  also  American  Protestant  missionaries  print  and 
circulate  the  Bible  in  tho  Siamese  and  Chinese  languages. 
Most  of  the  manufactures  and  handicrafts  in  the  towns  are 
carried  on  by  Chinese  or  Anamese  settlers.  The  trade  of 
Siam,  Laos,  and  Cambodia  is  mostly  in  the  hands  of  tho 
Chinese,  and  almost  the  entire  foreign  trade  of  Siam  centres 
at  Bangkok.  In  the  mercantile  marine,  junks  have  been 
superseded  by  square-rigged  vessels,  of  which  in  1867 
more  than  100  bore  tho  Siamese  flag.  Printing  from  types, 
unknown  till  1835,  is  now  carried  on,  and  troops  are  trained 
in  the  European  manner.  The  government  is  an  absolute 
monarchy.  The  Siamese  dominions  are  divided  into  41 
provinces,  bearing  the  name  of  their  chief  towns,  each 
presided  over  by  a  phraya,  or  governor.  ITiere  is  no  stand- 
ing army,  but  every  male  is  liable  to  serve  for  a  portion  of 
the  year.  There  are  10  fully-equipped  war-steamers.  The 
first  connection  between  this  state  and  Britain  took  place 
in  1685,  when  the  Siamese  envoys  to  Louis  XIV.  of  France 
visited  London  and  concluded  a  treaty  with  Charles  II. ;  but 
little  intercourse  took  place  till  1859,  when  Sir  John  Bow- 
ring  effected  an  agreement  by  which  the  crown  of  Siam  con- 
sented to  the  appointment  of  a  British  consul  at  Bangkok 
and  granted  entire  liberty  of  trade  to  British  merchants  in 

all  the  maritime  districts  of  the  empire. Adj.  and  inhab 

Siamese,  si*a-meoz'.    See  also  Gulp  op  Siam. 
Siam,  Taylor  co.,  Iowa.    See  Buchanan. 
Si'ain,  a  post-office  of  Seneca  co.,  Ohio,  is  at  Detroit. 
Siamo,  8e-&'mo,  Siao,  or  Siauw,  8e-4'o,  an  island 
in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  between  the  N.E.  extremity  of 
Celebes  and  Sangir.     Circuit,  about  35  miles.     Lat,  2°  2&' 
N. ;  Ion.  125°  27'  E.     Its  surface  is  elevated,  and  it  con- 
tains a  volcano.     The  island  is  fertile,  but  uncultivated  by 
its  indolent  inhabitants,  and  yields  only  cocoa-nuts  and 
oil.    Pop.  3000. 


WUt 


2462 


SIC 


Sian,  a  oity  of  China.    Se«  Srb-No.vn. 

Siang'Yang,  ae-Hng^-y&ng',  a  oity  or  China,  province 
of  Iloo-Pe,  on  tho  IIua-Kiang.  hat.  about  32°  N. ;  Ion. 
112°  E.  SiA.vo  la  tho  name  of  several  Chinoite  towns  of  in- 
ferior ranlc. 

Siano,  so&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  provlnoe  and  10  mile* 
N.N.W.  of  Salerno.     Pop.  3011. 

Siantif  Afrioa.    See  Asoanteb. 

Hinra,  a  province  of  Brazil.    See  Ckara. 

Sias,  so-ilii',  a  river  of  Ruuia,  government  of  St.  Pe- 
tersburg, enters  Lake  Ladoga  on  its  S.  side,  after  a  N.N.W. 
course  of  lUO  miles. 

Si^ascoii'MOtt)  a  village  and  summer  resort  of  Nan- 
tucket CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  S.U.  extremity  of  tho  island,  and 
7  uiilos  S.E.  of  the  village  of  Nantucket. 

8inu\V,  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Siamo. 

Siawskf  a  town  of  Hussia.    See  Sievsk. 

Sib,  soob,  a  town  of  Arabia,  dominions  and  22  milea  W. 
of  Muscat,  on  the  Arabian  Sea. 

Sibari,  a  river  of  Italy.     See  Coscilb. 

Siberia,  sl-boe'ro-a,  called  also  Sibiri,  se-bee'ree  (Fr. 
Sibirie,  see^bd'reo';  Ger.  Sibirieii,  se-bee're-^n),  a  country 
Comprising  tho  N.  part  of  Asia,  extending  from  the  Ural 
Mountains  to  the  Pacific  Ocean  and  Bohring  Strait,  between 
lat.  42°  and  77°  N.  and  Ion.  50°  E.  and  171°  W.,  and  having 
S.  the  Chinese  Empire  and  Toorkistan,  and  N.  the  Arctic 
Ocean,  in  which  it  comprises  the  islands  of  New  Siberia  or 
Liaghof.  It  belongs  to  Russia,  and  includes  all  Asiatic 
Russia,  except  the  Toorkistan  or  the  Central  Asiatic  prov- 
inces, Transcaucasia,  and  the  Transcaspian  territory.  Area, 
4,826,287  square  miles  ;  length,  5000  miles  ;  breadth,  2fi20 
miles.  Pop.  (1883)4,093,535.  Climate  excessive;  cold 
of  winter  extreme,  and  summer  heat  very  high.  Mean 
temperature  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Yana,  4.39°  Fahr. ; 
mercury  freezes  and  remains  solid  for  two  months  in  win- 
ter. Surface  in  the  S.  elevated  by  the  Altai  chain,  covered 
with  forests,  and  interspersed  with  many  fertile  valleys ; 
but  by  far  the  greater  portion  of  Siberia  is  flat  and  sterile. 
Of  Eastern  Siberia  little  was  known  till  recently.  Russian 
explorations  have  shown  that  the  supposed  elevated  chain 
of  the  Yablonoi  Mountains  has  little  claim  to  distinct  recog- 
nition, and  that  their  place  is  to  a  great  extent  occupied  by 
an  undulating  plateau.  There  are  many  gulfs  and  bays  on 
the  N.  shores ;  but,  as  they  are  frozen  for  nine  months  in  the 
year,  they  are  hardly  fit  for  navigation.  The  larger  rivers 
are  ierviceable  in  steam  navigation,  and  the  country  is 
traversed  by  telegraphs.  In  the  W.  are  extensive  steppes, 
inhabited  by  Cossivok  tribes  or  roving  Kirgheez,  and  all  tho 
N.  portion  is  a  vast  desert,  peopled  by  Ostiaks,  Yakoots, 
Chookchoes,  and  other  tribes  in  the  lowest  state  of  barbarism. 
The  Obi,  Yenisei,  and  Lena  Rivers,  with  their  large  and 
numerous  tributaries,  and  the  Olenek,  Indighirka,  and 
Kolyma,  traverse  the  country  in  a  N.  direction,  and  enter 
the  Arctic  Ocean;  the  Ural  River  forms  part  of  the  bound- 
ary between  European  and  Asiatic  Russia;  and  tho  Jaxartes 
or  Syr-Darya,  flowing  W.  to  the  Sea  of  Aral,  separates  it 
from  Independent  Toorkistiin.  Tho  principal  lakes  are 
those  of  Baikal,  Chany,  and  Soomy,  with  the  Balkash  or 
Lake  Tengheez,  which  forms  a  part  of  its  S.  boundary.  In 
the  more  populous  districts  grain  suflicient  for  the  popula- 
tion is  grown, — chiefly  barley,  oats,  and  buckwheat.  Cattle 
are  numerous  in  some  parts,  and  in  the  N.  abound  reindeer, 
sables,  foxes,  martens,  beavers,  and  white  bears,  the  skins 
of  which  compose  important  articles  of  trade.  The  dog  is 
used  to  draw  the  sledge ;  the  roebuck  and  the  elk  inhabit 
the  S.  Camels  are  used  by  the  Kalmucks;  the  sheep  and 
horses  are  of  good  breeds.  Swans,  geese,  ducks,  and  par- 
tridges are  common  in  the  S.,  and  fish  abound  on  the 
coasts  and  in  the  lakes  and  rivers.  Siberia  is,  however, 
chiefly  valuable  to  Russia  on  account  of  its  minerals.  The 
government  has  a  monopoly  of  the  gold-washings.  Anti- 
mony, cobalt,  mercury,  and  zinc  are  also  mot  with  ;  iron 
and  copper  are  plentiful  on  the  S.  frontier,  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Tobolsk.  Manufactures  are  insignificant,  except  in 
Irkootsk,  Tobolsk,  and  some  of  the  provincial  capitals.  Si- 
beria consists  of  the  governments  of  Amoor,  Irkootsk,  Pri- 
morsk,  Tobolsk,  Tomsk,  Transbaikalia,  Yakootsk,  and  Yen- 
i.ieisk.  The  country  is  colonized  to  a  large  extent  by  exiles, 
and  partly  by  voluntary  emigrants.  The  exiles,  who  com- 
prise criminals,  and  political  and  religious  offenders,  are 
collected  at  Moscow  from  all  parts  of  the  empire,  and  sent 
off  in  weekly  convoys,  to  tho  number  of  about  10,000  per 
annum,  one-fifth  of  whom  die  in  ten  years  from  fatigue  of 
the  journey  and  change  of  climate.  Arrived  in  Siberia,  they 
itre  divided  into  three  classes :  1st,  those  destined  to  forced 
labor  in  the  mines ;  2d,  public  laborers  (to  be  afterwards 
established  as  colonists) ;  3d,  those  destined  for  immediate 


oolonication,  under  the  police.  They  observe  tlio  riteiof 
the  Greek  church.  Among  the  aboriginal  population  in  tha 
W,  of  Siberia,  from  the  Northern  Ural  to  the  rivers  Irtish 
and  Tobol,  Shamanism,  more  or  less  mixed  with  impure 
Christianity,  prevails.  Between  tho  Obi  and  the  Yenisei 
in  the  governments  of  Tobolsk  and  Yeniseisk,  Shamanism 
prevails  in  the  N.,  among  the  Samoicds,  and  the  Chris- 
tianity of  the  Greek  church  in  the  S.,  among  tho  Ostinki. 
In  the  eastern  portion  of  Siberia,  from  the  Yenisei  to  Kam- 
chatka, and  from  tho  Arctic  Ocean  to  the  Chinese  empire 
Booddhism,  Paganism,  and  Christianity  prevail.  The  S.w! 
of  Siberia  falls  within  the  limits  of  the  great  Turkish 
branch  of  the  hflman  family,  and  the  prevalent  form  of 
religion  is  Mohammedanism.  Siberia  has  few  educational 
establishments.  Chief  cities,  Tobolsk  and  Irkootsk,  re- 
spectively the  W.  and   E.  capitals,  with    Omsk,   Tomsk 

Krasnoyarsk,  Yakootsk,  and   Kiakhta.     See  Russia. '■ 

Adj.  and  inhab.  Sideiua.v,  si-bce're-an. 

Sibidullu,  se-be-doo-loo',  a  town  of  Senegambia,  in 
the  Mandingo  country,  45  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bammakoo. 

Sibilla,  Monte  della,  mon't^  ddl'ljl  se-beeri^,  one  of 
tho  chief  summits  of  the  Apennines,  in  Central  Italy,  near 
the  E.  boundary  of  Umbria,  20  milea  N.E.  of  Spoleto 
Height,  7409  feet. 

Sib'ley,  a  county  in  the  S,  central  part  of  Minnesota, 
has  an  area  of  about  590  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Minnesota  River.  The  surface  is  undulating, 
and  is  diversified  with  prairies,  little  lakes,  and  fore«t«  of 
deciduous  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
oats,  hay,  cattle,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Capi- 
tal, Henderson.  Valuation  of  real  and  j)er8onal  estate, 
$2,566,300.  Pop.  in  1870,  6725,  of  whom  3662  were  Amer- 
icans; in  1875,  8884;  in  1880,  10,637. 

Sibley,  a  post-office  of  Richland  co.,  N.  D. 

Sibley,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Osceola  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Sioux  City  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  74  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Sioux  City.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  2  banking-houiea,  2 
churches,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  about  500. 

Sibley,  a  township  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  768.  It 
contains  Lake  Sibley,  and  has  coal-mines. 

Sibley,  a  station  on  the  Leavenworth,  Lawrence  A  Gal- 
veston Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Lawrence,  Kansas. 

Sibley,  a  post-township  of  Sibley  co.,  Minn,,  about  18 
miles  N.W.  of  St.  Peter.     Pop.  417. 

Sibley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  S. 
bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  about  24  miles  by  land  E.N.E. 
of  Kansas  City.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flouring-mill, 

Sib'leyville,  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Mendon 
township,  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rochester. 

Sibnibas,  sib'ne-bils'  (Hindoo,  Sivamvata),  a  town  of 
British  India,  presidency  of  Bengal,  60  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Calcutta,  with  ruins  of  a  palace  and  several  pagodas. 

Sibuyan,see-boo-y&n',  an  island  of  the  Philippines,  40 
miles  N.  of  Panay.  Lat.  12°  14'  N.;  Ion.  122°  45'  E. 
Length,  15  miles ;  breadth,  10  miles. 

Sicasica,  se^ki-see'kd,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  department 
and  57  miles  S.  of  La  Paz.     Elevation,  12,430  feet. 

Si-Chan,  a  mountain  of  China.    See  See-Siias. 

Sicheni,  seo^shftNo',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  South  Bra. 
bant,  on  the  Demer,  3  miles  W.  of  Diest.     Pop.  2288. 

Sichem,  an  ancient  name  of  Nabloos. 

Sichevka,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Sitchevka. 

Sicignano,  se-cheen-yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Salerno,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Campagna.     Pop.  2397. 

Sicilies,  The  Two.     See  Naples  and  Sicily. 

Sicily,  sis'il-e  (It.  Sicilia,  se-chee'le-i ;  Fr.  Sidle,  see'- 
seel';  Sp.  Sicilia,  se-theo'le-i  ;  Ger.  .Si'ci7ic»,  sit-see'le-^n; 
Dutch,  ,S'tci7i^,  se-see'le-i ;  anc.  Tn'iid'cria,  Sica'uia,  and 
Sicil'ia),  the  largest  island  of  the  Mediterranean,  forming, 
with  many  neighboring  isles,  a  coinpartimentoof  the  king- 
dom of  Italy,  lat.  36°  38'  to  38°  18'  N.,  Ion.  12°  25'  to 
15°  40'  E.,  separated  on  the  N.E.  from  the  Italian  main- 
land by  the  Strait  of  Messina,  and  forming,  previous  to 
1860,  the  Domiuii  al-di-ld  di  Faro,  or  tho  territory  "  be- 
yond the  strait,"  of  the  former  kingdom  of  the  "  Two  Sici- 
lies." In  shape  it  is  triangular;  length,  from  E.  to  W.,  185 
miles;  breadth,  120  miles.  Pop.  2,584,099.  Its  old  di- 
visions  (dating  from  Norman  times)  into  Val  Demone,  Val 
di  Noto,  and  Val  di  Mazzara  have  been  obsolete  since  1818, 
when  it  was  subdivided  into  provinces.  The  7  provinces  are 
those  of  Caltanisetta,  Catania,  Girgenti,  Messina,  Palermo, 
Syracuse,  and  Trapani.  The  Neptunian  and  Madonian 
Mountains,  now  known  as  the  Peloric  chain,  stretching 
from  E.  to  W.  through  the  N.  part  of  the  island,  consist  of 
granite,  quartz,  and  mica,  flanked,  ns  in  the  Apennines,  by 
limestone  and  other  calcareous  formations  ;  they  rise  to 
several  thousand  feet  above  the  sea,  are  highest  on  tht 


SIO 


2463 


SID 


northern  and  eastern  shores,  and  cover  a  great  part  of  the 
surface  with  their  ramifications.  In  some  parts  are  moun- 
tains isolated  from  the  rest,  the  chief  of  whicli  is  the  vol- 
cano of  Mount  Etna,  near  the  E.  coast,  10,840  feet  above 
the  sea.  The  principal  plains  border  the  sea,  and  are  those 
of  Catania  and  Syracuse  in  the  E.,  Terranova  in  the  S., 
Palermo  (called  the  "golden  shell")  and  Castel-a-Mare  on 
the  northern  coast,  and  Alicata.  Rivers  all  small,  and  not 
navigable;  the  chief  are  the  Fiume  Grande,  on  the  N. ;  the 
Giaretta,  Cantara,  and  Anapo,  on  the  E. ;  the  Salso,  Pla- 
tani,  and  Belici,  flowing  to  the  S.  coast.  The  chief  lakes  are 
Biveri  or  Lentini,  near  the  E.  coast ;  the  pool  of  Enna,  in  the 
centre  of  the  island ;  and  the  Lago  del  Palici,  in  the  S.E., 
of  volcanic  formation.  Soil  everywhere  of  high  fertility; 
in  some  places  it  consists  of  a  rich  loam  from  20  to  30  feet 
deep.  Climate  one  of  the  most  delightful  in  Europe,  gen- 
erally salubrious,  except  in  some  of  the  lowlands.  Sum- 
mer heats  are  oppressive  during  the  prevalence  of  the 
sirocco,  which  is  felt  most  at  Palermo.  Snow  is  never  seen, 
except  on  Etna  and  the  highest  points  of  the  Madonian 
Mountains ;  and  the  cold  of  winter  is  never  so  severe  as  to 
affect  the  verdure  of  the  country  ;  hail-storms  are  frequent, 
but  rain  is  deficient,  except  in  November.  The  most  prev- 
alent winds  are  from  the  N.  and  \V.  The  papyrus,  sugar- 
cane, date-palm,  and  other  tropical  products  ripen  at  a 
height  of  600  feet ;  evergreens  flourish  at  2000  feet ;  oak 
and  chestnut  woods  cover  the  mountain-sides  to  the  height 
of  4000  feet,  wheat  thrives  at  4500  feet,  and  beech  woods 
prevail  to  6000  feet  in  elevation.  Under  the  Romans,  the 
island  of  Sicily  was  considered  the  granary  of  Italy,  and  it 
still  yields  grain  in  abundance;  but  there  are  few  countries 
in  which  agriculture  is  so  unscientifically  conducted,  and 
the  plough  is  a  ruder  instrument  now  than  that  of  Virgil's 
time.  There  are  no  proper  roads  in  the  island.  The  In- 
dian fig,  a  species  of  cactus,  grows  wild  in  profusion.  Lands 
chiefly  belong  to  the  nobility,  the  clergy,  or  the  crown. 
Wheat  and  barley  are  exported  in  small  quantities.  Other 
chief  crops  are  beans,  pulse,  maize,  rice,  olive  oil,  of  which 
the  annual  crop  is  estimated  at  15,000  tons,  wine,  oranges, 
lemons,  citrons,  almonds,  and  other  fruits,  potatoes,  to- 
bacco, flax,  hemp,  sumach,  liquorice,  manna,  carob,  hazel- 
nuts, and  mulberry.  About  80,000  acres  are  planted  with 
fruit  trees,  which  form  a  great  source  of  wealth  to  the 
island.  Silk  is  produced  chiefly  in  the  N.E.  part  of  the 
island,  and  woven  at  Catania.  Cotton  forms  an  important 
branch  of  agricultural  industry.  Pastoral  industry  re- 
ceives little  attention,  and,  except  a  few  merino  sheep  and 
good  mules,  all  kinds  of  live-stock  are  very  inferior.  The 
Bulphur-beds  of  Sicily  are  of  great  value ;  they  extend  in 
the  centre  and  the  S.  over  an  area  of  2600  square  miles,  in 
which  about  150  mines  are  wrought,  which  yield  above 
150,000  tons  annually.  Alum,  nitre,  rook  salt,  which  con- 
stitutes the  wealth  of  Trapani,  petroleum,  alabaster,  agates, 
chalcedonies  and  jaspers,  amber,  bitumen,  gypsum,  and 
marble  are  valuable  mineral  products.  Ores  of  copper, 
lead,  iron,  silver,  antimony,  and  mercury  are  found  in  the 
mountains  ;  but  few  mines  are  wrought  there,  and  nearly 
all  metallic  goods  are  imported.  Medicinal  and  sulphure- 
ous springs  are  very  numerous.  The  tunny-,  swordfish-, 
and  anchovy-fisheries  are  important.  The  coral-fishery  on 
the  African  coast  is  frequented  by  many  fishermen  from 
Trapani,  where  the  coral  procured  is  polished.  The  manu- 
facture of  silk  was  introduced  into  the  island  from  Greece 
in  1147.  Nearly  500,000  pounds  of  raw  silk  are  yearly 
produced.  At  Trapani  are  cotton-factories  wrought  by 
steam  ;  other  manufactures  are  unimportant.  The  harbors 
are  Palermo  on  the  N.,  Trapani  on  the  W.,  Messina, 
Agosta,  and  Syracuse  on  the  E.  Trade  is  chiefly  carried 
on  with  Britain,  France,  the  Baltic,  Belgium,  Germany, 
Italy,  and  America.  Chief  exports,  sulphur,  olive  oil, 
oranges  and  lemons,  safi"ron,  wine  and  spirits,  sumach, 
silks,  corn,  barilla,  essences,  salted  fish,  linseed,  manna, 
rags,  and  skins ;  imports,  sugar  and  other  colonial  produce, 
cotton  and  other  manufactured  goods,  hides,  iron,  deals, 
and  wax.  Messina,  Palermo,  Trapani,  and  Catania  are  the 
chief  seats  of  commerce.  Each  town  had  its  judicial  court; 
superior  courts  were  held  in  Palermo,  Messina,  and  Ca- 
tania ;  and  a  supreme  court  sits  in  Palermo,  the  capital. 
Except  about  58,000  inhabitants  of  Greek  descent,  mostly 
near  Palermo,  and  several  thousand  Jews,  the  inhabit- 
ants are  all  Roman  Catholics,  and  many  of  the  Greeks 
are  also  Roman  Catholics  of  the  Greek  rite.  This  island 
was  in  ancient  times  the  seat  of  many  flourishing  Greek 
colonies,  of  which  Syracuse  and  Agrigentum  were  the  most 
famous,  and  boasts  of  some  of  the  most  magnificent  remains 
of  ancient  art  in  the  world.  It  fell  successively  under  the 
thaginians,  Romans,  Goths,  Greek  emperors,  Saracens, 


Normans,  French,  Swabians,  Austrians,  and  Spaniards.  It 
was  annexed  to  Naples  in  1736.  In  1847,  1848,  and  1849, 
unsuccessful  attempts  were  made  to  shake  off  the  Neapoli- 
tan government.  Messina  was  bombarded  and  taken  by 
the  Neapolitan  troops,  September  7,  1848,  and  Catania, 
April  6,  1849.  The  Sicilians  again  rose  in  insurrection  in 
1860,  and,  with  Garibaldi  at  their  head,  defeated  the  Nea- 
politans at  Calatafimi,  Palermo,  and  Milazzo.  Ho  then,  at 
Naples,  annexed  the  two  Sicilies  to  the  new  kingdom  of 

Italy  under  Victor  Emanuel.     See  Naples. Adj.  and 

inhab.  Sicilian,  se-sil'yun  (It.  Siciliano,  se-che-le-i'no). 

Sicily,  sis'il-e,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gage  co..  Neb.,  10  miles 
S.  of  Beatrice.     It  has  a  church  and  a  broom-factory. 

Sicily,  a  post-ofiice  of  Highland  co.,  0.,  near  the  Cin- 
cinnati &  Eastern  Railroad,  about  44  miles  £.  of  Cin- 
cinnati. 

Sicily  Island,  a  post-oflico  of  Catahoula  parish,  La., 
about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Natchez.  Here  is  an  island  which 
is  16  miles  long  and  is  enclosed  by  several  rivers,  Tensas, 
Ouachita,  &c. 

Sicinos  Island,  the  ancient  name  of  Sikino. 

Sick'ler  Mill,  a  post-ofiice  of  Thayer  co..  Neb. 

Sick'lerville,  a  post-village  of  Camden  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Winslow  township,  on  the  Williamstown  Railroad,  3  miles 
from  Williamstown,  and  about  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Camden. 
It  has  a  manufactory  of  glass-ware. 

Siculiana,  see-kool-yi'ni,  a  town  of  Sicily,  8  miles 
W.N.AV.  of  Girgenti.  Pop.  5665.  Near  it  are  extensive 
sulphur-mines. 

Sicyon,  sis'e-pn,  a  city  of  ancient  Greece,  and  the  cap- 
ital of  one  of  the  earliest-founded  kingdoms  in  Europe,  9 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Corinth. 

Sidas,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Seedas. 

Siddeburen,  sid'd§h-boo*r§n,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, province  and  13  miles  E.  of  Groningen.     Pop.  1335. 

Side'ling  Hill,  Pennsylvania,  a  mountain-ridge,  ex- 
tending from  the  Maryland  line  across  Bedford  co.  into 
Huntingdon  co.,  as  far  as  the  Juniata  River,  nearly  parallel 
to  Cove  or  Tuscarora  Jlountain. 

Sideling  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  Pa.,  10 
miles  N.  of  Hancock,  Md.     It  has  a  church. 

Sideling  Hill  Creek  rises  in  Bedford  co.,  Pa.,  and 
passes  through  Maryland  into  the  Potomac  River. 

Sid'ell's  Grove,  a  post-ofiice  of  Vermilion  co..  111. 

Sidensio,  see'd§n-s'yo\  a  town  of  Sweden,  40  miles  N. 
of  Hernosand. 

Siderno,  se-dJn'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Rcggio 
di  Calabria,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Gerace.     Pop.  3418. 

Siders,  see'ddns  (Fr.  Slerre,  se-aiu'),  a  village  of  Swit- 
zerland, canton  of  Valais,  on  the  Rhone,  10  miles  N.E.  of 
Sion.     Pop.  1692. 

Side  View,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ky., 
about  5  miles  W.  of  Mount  Sterling. 

Sidhpoor,  sid^poor',  a  town  of  India,  in  Baroda,  25 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Puttun.     Pop.  13,534. 

Sidi  Abdallah,  see'dee^  &b-dd.l'li,  a  town  of  Morocco, 
on  the  Atlantic  coast,  28  miles  N.N.E.  of  Mogadore. 

Sidi-Bel-Abbes,  see'dee-bfil-ib'bAs',  a  town  of  Al- 
geria, province  and  50  miles  S.  of  Oran.  Pop.  of  com- 
mune, 15,000. 

Sidi  Boo-Soorme,  or  Sidi  Bu-Surme,  see'deo^ 
boo-soon'md.,  a  town  of  Morocco,  on  the  coast,  15  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Mogadore. 

Sidi  Feruch,  see'dee^  f?h-rush',  a  cape  and  bay  of 
Algeria,  and  where  the  French  army  disembarked,  June  14, 
1830.     Here  is  a  citadel. 

Sidi  Ibrahim,  see'dee^  ee^br4*heem',  a  town  of  Al- 
geria, province  and  120  miles  S.S.E.  of  Algiers. 

Sidi  Khaled,  see'dee^  K3,M5d',  a  town  of  the  Algerian 
Sahara,  39  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Biskara. 

Sidi  Shehr,  see'dee^  shdn'r,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  47 
miles  S.W.  of  Konieh. 

Sid'laAV,  Seed'laAV,  or  Sud'low  Hills,  a  monn- 
tain-range  of  Scotland,  extending  from  Kinnoul  Hill,  near 
Perth,  N.E.  to  near  Forfar,  where  they  fork  into  two  lines, 
proceeding  to  the  sea,  eastward  to  Redhead,  and  northeast- 
ward to  Stonehaven.  The  most  remarkable  summit  is  the' 
celebrated  Dunsinnan  or  Dunsinane. 

Sidmouth,  sid'miith,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Devon, 
on  the  Sid,  at  its  mouth  in  the  British  Channel,  13  miles 
by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Exeter.  Pop.  of  parish,  3360.  It  is  pic- 
turesque and  greatly  resorted  to  by  visitors. 

Sid'ney,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  Ala.,  8  miles 
S.AV.  of  Guntersville. 

Sidney,  a  station  in  Mobile  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Mobile  A 
Ohio  Railroad,  about  32  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mobile. 

Sidney,  a  post-office  of  Sharp  co.,  Ark. 


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Sidney*  a  post-village  in  Sidney  township,  Cliampaign 
eo.,  III.,  on  the  South  Fork  of  Vermilion  River,  and  on  the 
Wnbosh  Kailroiui,  23  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Dunvillo,  and  12 
milos  S.E.  of  Chainpnign  City.  It  has  a  high  school,  3 
ghurohos,  and  a  flour-mill.     Top.  480;  of  township,  1560. 

Sidney,  a  post-villago,  capital  of  Fremont  co.,  Iowa, 
in  Sidney  township,  about  15  miles  N.E.  of  Nebraska  City, 
und  40  luiles  S.  by  E.  of  Council  Bluffs.  It  has  a  court- 
house, 4  ohurohes,  1  or  2  new8pa|>er  offices,  a  bank,  and  a 
ffraded  school.  Pop.  in  1880,  855 ;  of  the  township,  2U94. 
The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  West  Nisbnabatona 
RiTer. 

1  Sidney,  a  post-office  of  Ness  co.,  Kansas. 
Sidney*  a  post-townshi])  of  Kennebec  co..  Me.,  about  0 

miloe  N.  of  Augusta,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Kennebec 
River.  Two  ferries  across  the  river  connect  Sidney  with 
Vassalborough  and  the  Maine  Central  Railroad.  It  con- 
tains 6  churches.  Pop.  1471.  Sidney,  a  post-haralct  in 
this  township,  is  on  the  Kennebec  River,  9  or  10  miles 
above  Augusta. 

Sidney,  a  post-township  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.,  about 
82  miles  N.E.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  contains  part  of  Stan- 
ton, the  capital  of  the  county,  and  a  hamlot  named  Sidney. 
It  has  manufactures  of  lumber. 

Sidney,  a  hamlet  of  Ralls  oo..  Mo.,  about  16  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Hannibal,  and  2  miles  S.  of  the  Missouri,  Kan- 
Baa  &,  Texas  Railroad.     It  is  3  miles  from  Hassard  Station. 

Sidney,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cheyenne  co.,  Neb., 
on  Lodge  Pole  Creek,  and  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  102 
miles  E.  of  Cheyenne,  Wyoming,  and  219  miles  W.  by  N. 
of  Kearney  Junction.  It  contains  a  large  hotel,  a  round- 
house and  repair-shops  of  the  railroad,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Hero  is  a  military  post.     Pop.  in  1880,  1069. 

Sidney,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hunterdon  oo.,  N.J.,  about  30 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Trenton. 

Sidney,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sidney  township,  Delaware 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  opposite  Unadilla, 
and  about  22  miles  W.  of  Delhi.  It  has  1  or  2  churches. 
The  township  is  intersected  by  the  New  York  &  Oswego 
Midland  Railroad,  and  contains  a  village  named  Sidney 
Plains. 

Sidney,  Delaware  oo.,  N.Y.    See  Sidney  Plains. 

Sidney,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbus  co.,  N.C.,  10  miles 
S.  of  Whiteville.     It  has  a  turpentine-distillery. 

Sidney,  a  handsome  post-village,  capital  of  Shelby  co., 
0.,  in  Clinton  township,  on  the  Miami  River,  31  miles  S. 
of  Lima,  and  on  the  Dayton  &  Michigan  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  the  Cleveland,  Columbus,  Cincinnati  <t  Indianapolis 
Railroad,  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Piqua,  and  40  miles  N.  of 
Dayton.  Its  site  is  an  elevated  plateau  on  the  W.  side  of 
the  river,  which  here  affords  water-power.  It  contains  an 
opera-house,  a  court-house,  10  churches,  a  national  bank,  2 
other  banks,  a  public  hall,  a  public  library,  a  union  school, 

2  newspaper  offices,  a  foundry,  2  fiouring-mills,  2  machine- 
shops,  a  tannery,  and  manufactories  of  carriages,  ploughs, 
reapers  and  mowers,  sash  and  doors,  and  hubs  and  spokes. 
It  has  also  gas-works,  water-works,  and  a  public  park. 
Pop.  in  1880,  382.3. 

Sidney,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Cranberry  township,  about  5  miles  from  Oil  City. 

Sidney,  Augusta  co.,  Va.    See  Mount  Sidney, 

Sidney,  Nova  Scotia.     See  Antigonish. 

Sidney  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Sidney  township, 
Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  <fc  Oswego  Midland 
Railroad,  32  miles  S.S.E.  of  Norwich.  It  has  3  churches, 
and  a  high  iron  bridge  1400  feet  long. 

Sidney  Plains,  a  post-village  in  Sidney  township, 
Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the 
New  York  &  Oswego  Midland  Railroad  (Sidney  Station) 
where  it  crosses  the  Albany  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  39 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Binghamton,  103  miles  W.S.W.  of  Albany, 
and  124  miles  N.W.  of  Middlctown.  It  has  3  churches, 
ceveral  hotels,  a  newspaper  office,  an  academy,  a  bank,  a 
paper-mill,  2  saw -mills,  &o.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Sidon,  the  ancient  name  of  Saida. 

Si'doii,  a  post-village  of  Leflore  co.,  Miss.,  on  the  nav- 
igable Yazoo  River,  about  90  miles  N.  of  Jackson.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  steam  grist-mill. 

Sid'onsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  oo..  Pa.,  about  11 
miles  S.S.W.  of  llarrisburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Siebeiibiirgcn,  8ee'b?n-bUnG*§n  (the  "seven  bor- 
oughs"), the  German  name  of  Tuansylvania. 

Siebengebirge,  see'b^n-gh^h-bCcRO'^h  (the  "seven 
mountains"),  a  collection  of  heights  in  Rhenish  Prussia,  22 
miles  S.E.  of  Cologne,  and  N.W.  of  Coblentz,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Rhine,  and  of  which  the  Drachenfels  is  one. 
The  Loweuberg,  the  highest,  rises  1560  feet  above  the  sea. 


Siebcniehn,  sco'bfn-lain\  a  town  of  Saxony,  2  uHm 
S.E.  of  Nosscn.     Pop.  1925. 

Siebiez,  u  town  of  Russia.    See  Sebesh. 

SiechiiHOwice,  a  town  of  Poland.   See  Ciecranowibt, 

Siedlec,8uod'l6u,  Sied'lets,  or  Siedlce,8c-6d'rti>A, 
a  town  of  Poland,  capital  of  a  ]>rovince,  55  miles  by  mil 
E.S.E.  of  Warsiiw.  Pop.  10,013.  It  has  a  palace,  ami 
manufactures  of  sugar  and  farm-tools. 

Siedlec,  written  also  Siedlets,  Ssjcdletz,  and 
Siedlce  (formerly  Podlachia),  a  government  of  Run. 
sia  in  Poland,  having  the  river  IJug  on  the  E.  and  N.K. 
Area,  5636  square  miles.     Capital,  Siedlec.     Pop,  504,606. 

Sicg,  seeo  (anc.  Si'gut),  a  river  of  Rhenish  Prussia  ami 
Westphalia,  rises  10  miles  N.E.  of  Siegcn,  flows  W.,  and 
joins  the  Rhine  2  miles  N.  of  Ronn.     Length,  80  miles. 

Sicgberg,  seeg'bdiio,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  15 
miles  S.E.  of  Cologne,  on  the  Sieg.     Pop.  6508. 

Siegen,  see'gh^n,  a  town  of  Prussian  Westphalia,  3S 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Arnsberg.  Pop.  12,901.  It  has  nianu. 
factures  of  leather,  iron  and  steel  wares,  woollens  and 
cottons. 

Siegfried,  seeg'freed,  a  station  in  Northampton  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh  A  Susquehanna  Railroad,  23  miles  W, 
of  Easton.     Here  is  the  village  of  Seigfried's  Bridge. 

Sicghards,  or  Siegharts,  seeg'haKts,  a  town  of 
Austria,  28  miles  N.N.W.  of  Krems.     Pop.  2190. 

Sieglahr,  seeg'l&r,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  gov- 
ernment of  Cologne,  near  the  Sicg.     Pop.  1340. 

Siegle's  (see'gh^Iz)  Store,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co., 
N.C.,  about  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Charlotte. 

Sieland,  the  German  name  of  Serland. 

Siena,  se-i'nl,  or  Sienna,  se-fin'ni  (anc.  Se'nn,  or 
Se'ua  Ju'lia),  a  city  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  1260  feet  above 
the  sen,  between  two  affluents  of  the  Ombronc,  31  miles  S.E. 
of  Florence.  Lat.  43°  22' N. ;  Ion.  11°  10' E.  Pon.22,965. 
It  is  enclosed  by  walls  with  gates,  several  of  whicn  are  of 
striking  architecture.  Without  external  grandeur,  Siena 
has  a  thriving  appearance,  a  remarkable  cathedral  of  the 
twelfth  and  thirteenth  centuries,  a  city  hall,  and  a  cele- 
brated academy  of  the  fine  arts ;  all  these  edilices  arc  richly 
adorned  with  paintings.  Siena  has  also  a  university,  a 
school  of  medicine,  a  hospital,  public  libraries  and  literary 
associations,  manufactories  of  woollens,  silks,  straw  hats, 
paper,  and  leather,  and  an  active  trade  in  wine,  oil,  ond 
paper.  It  is  an  archbishop's  see.  In  the  Middle  Ages  tbe 
city  was  the  capital  of  a  powerful  republic,  and  it  is  said 
to  have  hivd  100,000  inhabitants.  It  is  coniieeted  by  rail- 
way with  Florence  and  Leghorn. Adj.  and  iuhab.SiE»- 

nese,  Be*§n-eoz'  (It.  Sienese,  se-i-ni'si). 

Siena,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  mountainous  in 
the  N.E.,  but  in  part  very  fertile,  though  a  portion  is  in 
the  Maremma,  Area,  1465  square  miles.  Grain,  wine,  oil, 
wood,  and  live-stock  are  leading  products.  Capital,  Siena. 
Pop.  206,446. 

Sieniawa,  se-d-ne-i'*4,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia, 
on  the  San.     IJ,  has  a  castle.     Pop.  2363. 

Sienkullah,  a  village  of  Persia.     See  Sain-Kaleh. 

Siennc,  se-4nn',  a  small  river  of  France,  in  Mancho, 
enters  the  English  Channel  7  miles  W.S.W,  of  Coutances, 
after  a  N.W.  course  of  40  miles. 

Sicnno,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Sks.vo. 

Sicoo-Kio-Shan,  or  Sieou-Kio-Chan,  se-i-oo- 
kee'o-shln,  a  very  high  mountain  of  China,  province  of  So- 
Chuen.  Lat.  30°  23'  N. ;  Ion.  103°  44'  E.  It  is  covered 
with  perpetual  snow. 

Siep  Springs,  Texas.    See  Site  Springs. 

Sieradz,or  Sierads,8'y^'rft.d8,  a  town  of  Poland,  gov- 
ernment and  32  miles  E.S.E.  of  Kalisz,  on  the  Warta.  Pop. 
6589.     It  has  manufactures  of  woollens  and  linens, 

Sierning,  seeii'ning,  a  town  of  Austria,  6  miles  W.  of 
Steyer.     Pop.  1731. 

Sierpec,  s'yJa'pfits,  or  Sserpez,  s'yin'pSzh,  a  town 
of  Poland,  21  miles  N.  of  Plock,  with  a  castle.     Pop.  6629. 

Sierra,  se-5ii'Ri,  a  Spanish  word,  originally  signifying 
a  "saw,"  applied  to  a  "mountain-ridge,"  which,  from  its 
notched  appearance  when  viewed  from  a  distance,  not  un- 
frequently  bears  a  striking  resemblance  to  a  saw. 

Sierra,  se-dr'ri,  a  northeastern  county  of  California, 
borders  on  Nevada.  Area,  about  1000  square  mi'cs.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Middle  Fork  of  Yuba  River,  and 
is  drained  by  the  North  Yuba  River  and  by  Kanaka  and 
other  creeks.  It  comprises  a  part  of  the  Sierra  Nevada 
Mountains.  The  surface  is  also  diversified  by  isolated 
peaks,  called  Downieville  Buttcs,  which  rise  to  the  height 
of  8800  feet,  and  by  narrow  caHons  and  ravines  of  iminenDe 
depth.  Forests  of  fir,  cedar,  yellow  or  pitch  pine  (/'iii«« 
ponderosa),  and  other  coniferous  trees,  cover  a  large  part 


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df  its  surface.  Among  its  minerals  are  gold,  copper,  silver, 
auriferous  slate,  quartz,  basalt,  and  rocks  of  volcanic  origin. 
Gold  is  the  chief  article  of  export;  and  this  county,  says 
Cronise,  may,  for  its  size,  justly  claim  to  be  the  leading 
oounty  in  California  both  as  regards  placer-  and  vein- 
mining.  Capital,  Downieville.  Valuation  of  real  and  per- 
Bonal  estate,  $2,267,679.  Pop.  in  1860,  11,387;  in  1870, 
6619,  of  whem  2816  were  Americans;  in  1880,  6623. 

Sierra^  a  post-office  of  Vernon  co..  Wis. 

Sierra,  se-5r'rl,  a  post-village  in  Glengarry  co.,  On- 
tario, Hi  miles  from  RiviiSre  Raisin.     Pop.  100. 

Sierra  Acarai,  se-Jii'nS,  i-ki-rl',  a  mountain-range 
of  South  America,  between  the  equator  and  lat.  2°  N.  and 
Ion.  57°  and  69°  W.     Estimated  height,  3000  or  4000  feet. 

Sierra  Acha,  se-fiii'uS,  3,'chd,  the  name  given  to  a  por- 
fion  of  the  Sierra  Madro,  a  little  N.  of  the  city  of  Mexico. 

Sierra  Blanca,  so-6ii'itS,  blin'ki,  Colorado,  a  range 
of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  connected  with  the  Sangre  de 
Cristo  range,  is  near  the  E.  side  of  San  Luis  Park.  It  has 
a  trend  nearly  east  and  west,  and,  says  Hayden,  "  is  the 
grandest  and  most  picturesque  range  in  Southern  Colorado. 
It  is  apparently  basaltic,  and  is,  as  I  suppose,  a  gigantic 
dike."  Blanca  Peak,  the  highest  summit  of  this  group  or 
range,  has  an  altitude  of  14,464  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Sierra  City,  a  post-village  of  Sierra  co.,  Cal.,  is  near 
the  Sierra  Nevadii,  about  100  miles  N.E.  of  Sacramento. 
It  has  a  masonic  hall,  and  is  supported  by  mining  gold. 

Sierra  Conocon,  se-6u'Ri  ko-no-k6n'  (or  Conu" 
con,  ko-noo-k6n'),  a  mountain-range  of  British  Guiana, 
extending  for  30  miles  in  a  N.E.  direction  from  parallel  3° 
N.  Through  it  the  Ilupununy  River  has  forced  a  passage 
about  390  feet  wide.  Its  peaks  in  many  places  rise  to  an 
abrupt  height  of  from  2000  to  2500  feet. 

Sierra  de  Cabal lo,  se-Sa'RS,  di  kl-Bil'yo,  a  moun- 
tain-range in  the  S.  interior  of  New  Mexico,  in  lat.  about 
33°  10'  N.,  Ion.  106°  40'  W. 

Sierra  de  Engarceran,  se-Sa'Ri  d4  8n-gaR-thi- 
rin',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  17  miles  N.  of  Castellon 
de  la  Plana. 

Sierra  de  Fuentes,  se-jR'ni  dk  twin'tis,  a  village 
of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  province  and  7  miles  E.  of  Ca- 
ceres.     Pop.  1118. 

Sierra  de  Gata,  se-Sre'ni  di  gl'ti,  a  mountain-range 
of  Spain  and  Portugal,  separating  the  basins  of  the  Tagus 
and  Douro  Rivers,  and  the  old  Spanish  provinces  of  Estre- 
madura and  Leon. 

Sierra  de  Gavilan,  se-da'Ri  dk  g3,-ve-lin',  a  moun- 
tain-range of  Cuba,  near  the  centre  of  the  island,  forming 
a  part  of  the  great  chain  by  which  the  island  is  intersected 
in  its  whole  length. 

Sierra  de  Grados,  se-6ii'uS.  di  gri'Doce,  a  mountain- 
range  of  Spain,  separating  Old  Castile  from  Estremadura, 
36  miles  S.AV.  of  Avila,  and  rising  to  10,552  feet. 
'  Sierra  de  Guadalupe,  se-dii'itil  d<4  gwi-DS.-loo'pd,  a 
mountain-range  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  S.  of  Toledo,  at- 
tains the  height  of  5110  feet. 

Sierra  de  Guadalupe  (anc.  Carpeta'ni  Mon'tcs?),  a 
range  of  mountains  of  Spain,  part  of  the  mountains  of  To- 
ledo, near  the  limits  of  the  provinces  of  Caceres,  Toledo, 
Ciudivd  Real,  and  Badajos. 

Sierra  de  Guadarama,  se-^R'nA,  dk  gvtk-nk-rk'vak, 
a  chain  of  mountains  of  Spain,  part  of  the  Serra  da  Estrella, 
on  the  borders  of  the  provinces  of  Avila,  Segovia,  and 
Madrid.  The  Guadarama,  an  affluent  of  the  Tagus,  and 
the  Manzanares,  have  their  sources  in  this  chain. 

Sierra  de  la  Lanterna,  se-dR'ni  dk  \k  \kii-itn'nk,  a 
mountain-range  in  the  N.  part  of  New  Mexico.  Lat.  about 
86°  20'  N.;  Ion.  112°  15'  \\\ 

Sierra  de  ta  Platte,  se-Sn'Ril  dk  \k  platt,  a  moun- 
tain-range extending  through  the  E.  part  of  Utah,  in  lat. 
about  38°  5'  N.  and  from  Ion.  107°  30'  to  109°  10'  W. 

Sierra  de  la  Vinda,  se-dn'R^  dk  \k  veen'dd,  the  AV. 
oordillera  of  the  Andes,  in  Peru,  between  Lima  and  the 
table-land  of  Pasco.  It  is  crossed  by  two  passes,  upwards 
of  15,000  feet  above  the  ocean. 

Sierra  del  Carrizo,  se-dR'Ri  dJl  k5,r-ree'so,  a  de- 
tached range  of  mountains  of  New  Mexico,  in  lat.  about  36° 
N.,  Ion.  111°  W. 

Sierra  de  los  Jnmanes,  sc-Sr'rS,  dk  loce  noo-mi'- 
nfig,  a  portion  of  the  Sierra  Madre  range,  in  the  S.E.  part 
of  New  Mexico,  in  lat.  about  33°  50'  N.,  Ion.  106°  20'  W. 
\     Sierra  de  los  Mimbres,  se-dR'Rd  dk  loce  meem'brSs 

!{or  mim'bris),  a  portion  of  the  Sierra  Madre,  in  New  Me.'cico, 
W.  of  the  Rio  Grande,  between  31°  and  35°  N.  lat. 
Sierra  de  los  Organos,  se-6ii'ni  di  loco  oR'gi-nooe, 
%  range  of  mountains  in  the  S.E.  part  of  New  Mexico,  in 
•lat.  about  32°  5'  N.,  Ion.  106°  25'  W. 


Sierra  de  Moa,  Cuba.    See  Moa. 

Sierra  de  San  Juan,  se-fiii'uil  di  sin  iioo-in',  a 
mountain-range  extending  through  the  N.  part  of  New 
Mexico  and  the  S.E.  part  of  Utah,  from  lat.  about  36°  30' 
to  38°  30'  N.  and  from  Ion.  106°  45'  to  107°  30'  W.  Its 
length,  following  the  curves,  is  about  150  miles. 

Sierra  de  Yeguas,  se-6ii'Ri  di  yi'gwis,  a  village 
of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  province  and  about  35  miles  from 
Malaga.     Pop.  2257. 

Sierra  Estrella.    See  Serra  da  Estrella. 

Sierra  Leouc,  se-6r'ra  le-o'nee  (Sp.  pron.  se-dn'Ri 
li-o'ni),  a  colonial  settlement  of  Africa,  in  Seneganibia, 
belonging  to  Great  Britain,'  bounded  N.  by  the  Mungo 
River,  W.  by  the  Atlantic,  S.  by  the  Sherboro,  and  E.  by 
an  imperfectly-defined  line.  Lat.  7°  40'  to  8°  50'  N.  Area, 
468  square  miles.  The  coast-line  is  indented  on  the  S.  by 
the  broad  estuary  of  the  Sherboro,  and  near  its  centre  by 
Yawry  Bay  and  the  estuary  of  the  Sierra  Leone,  which 
have  between  them  the  peninsula  of  the  latter  name,  on 
which  is  situated  Free  'Town  (the  ca])ital),  forming  the 
proper  nucleus  of  the  colony,  and  connected  with  the  main- 
land by  an  isthmus  about  li  miles  broad.  Besides  the  pen- 
insula and  mainland,  the  colony  includes  a  great  number 
of  islands.  The  surface  near  the  shore,  though  in  some 
places  rocky,  is  generally  flat,  and  the  interior  is  covered 
with  rugged  hills.  The  principal  rivers  have  courses  vary- 
ing in  length  from  200  miles  to  300  miles. 

The  soil,  of  which  only  a  small  portion  is  under  culti- 
vation, is  very  fertile,  growing  excellent  crops  of  rice,  In- 
dian corn,  yams,  plantains,  pumpkins,  and  cassava;  and 
sugar,  coffee,  indigo,  ginger,  and  cotton  thrive  well.  The 
principal  fruits  are  the  cocoa,  banana,  pine-apple,  orange, 
lime,  guava,  papaw,  and  pomegranate.  The  forests  are 
extensive,  and  many  of  the  trees  in  them  are  so  large  that 
when  converted  into  canoes  they  are  capable  of  containing 
100  men.  The  principal  live-stock  are  pigs  and  goats 
Poultry  also,  particularly  guinea-fowls,  are  very  abundant 
The  fisheries,  both  on  the  coast  and  in  the  rivers,  are  pro- 
ductive. The  chief  industrial  establishments  are  the  fac- 
tories in  which  the  cocoa-nut  oil  is  extracted.  Boat-building 
is  carried  on  to  some  extent,  and  leather  is  dressed  on  a 
small  scale. 

The  trade  is  carried  on  chiefly  with  Great  Britain,  the 
principal  articles  of  import  being  India  goods,  cottons, 
spirits,  hardware,  <Scc. ;  of  export,  palm  oil,  pepper,  oil-seed, 
rubber,  copal,  ginger,  ground-nuts,  hides,  ivory,  timber, 
beeswa.x,  &c.  Sierra  Leone  appears  to  have  been  discov- 
ered by  the  Portuguese  in  1463,  but  it  first  became  a  British 
colony  in  1787,  when  a  company  was  formed  with  the  in- 
tention of  making  it  a  home  for  free  negroes  and  proving 
by  their  means  that  colonial  products  could  be  raised  with- 
out slave-labor.  Its  afiairs  are  administered  by  a  governor, 
and  a  council  of  several  more  members,  appointed  by  the 
crown  on  his  recommendation.  One  great  obstacle  to  its 
prosperity  is  the  deadly  nature  of  its  climate.  But  its 
progress,  though  slow,  has  been  steady.  Its  population 
consists  chiefly  of  native  Africans,  many  of  them  liberated 
from  slave-ships.     Pop.  60,000. 

Sierra  Leone  River,  an  estuary  of  Seneganibia, 
about  20  miles  in  length  and  from  3  to  10  miles  in  breadth, 
joins  the  Atlantic  immediately  N.  of  the  peninsula  of  Sierra 
Leone.  Its  principal  branch,  the  Rokelle,  rises  about  200 
miles  inland,  and  is  navigable  for  60  miles. 

Sierra  Madre,  se-^R'ui  mi'nri,  one  of  the  principal 
mountain-chains  of  Mexico.  It  is  usually  considered  to 
commence  a  little  N.  of  the  city  of  Mexico,  near  Quere- 
taro,  and  to  extend  northward  into  New  Mexico.  Near 
Guanajuato  it  divides  into  3  branches,  of  which  the  princi- 
pal or  central  chain,  called  the  Cordillera  of  Anahuac,  ex- 
tends from  S.E.  to  N.W.,  passing  Zacatccas  towards  Durango, 
and  thence  nearly  due  N.  into  New  Mexico ;  the  eiistern 
branch  passes  through  Cohahuila  into  Texas ;  while  the 
western  range  extends  N.AV.  through  Guadalajara  to  the 
river  Gila,  uniting  with  some  spurs  of  the  California 
Mountains.  Between  26°  and  32°  N.  lat.  there  is  a  de- 
pression which  is  considered  by  some  to  mark  the  division 
between  the  Sierra  Madre  and  Rocky  Mountains ;  the  name, 
however,  is  continued  through  New  Mexico.  This  exten- 
sive range  in  difi'erent  parts  is  known  by  different  local 
names,  as  Sierra  Acha,  Sierra  Verde,  and  Sierra  de  los 
Mimbres.  Near  Guanajuato  this  mountain-range  contains 
some  of  the  richest  deposits  of  silver  found  in  the  world. 
Much  looseness  appears  to  prevail  with  regard  to  the  ap- 
plication of  the  name  Sierra  Madre,  some  considering  it  to 
include  the  principal  mountain-chain  through  the  entire 
republic  of  Mexico,  thus  including  the  highest  mountain- 
summits  of  North  America,  Popocatepetl,  Orizaba,  <fcc.   Thi 


SIE 


246f) 


SIG 


Barae,  howovor,  is  more  genornlly  restricted  to  the  limits 
pnrtioularly  indicntod  in  ttio  first  part  of  tbis  article. 

Sierra  MadrCt  or  Sierra  San  Juan,  se-dn'iii  s&n 
Hoo-&a',  a  range  of  the  Kooky  Mountains,  in  Colorivdo,  be- 
tween the  Arkansas  Kivor  and  the  Kiu  Grande.  It  is 
farther  west  than  the  main  range,  but  is  joino<l  by  the  lat- 
ter at  the  Poncho  Po^s.  The  term  Sierra  Madre  is  also 
applied  to  the  Saouachk  Uanok  (wiiich  see). 

Sierra  AIorena,so-iit'it&iuo-r4'n&,  a  niountnin-range 
of  Spain,  separating  the  basin  of  the  Guodinna  from  that 
of  the  Quadalquivir,  in  lat.  3S°  3U'  N.  and  between  Ion. 
3°  and  4°  W.  The  culminating  point,  Arucena,  is  63U0 
feet  above  the  sea.  It  is  crossed  by  2  principal  passes, 
from  Qranoda  and  Jiven  to  Miulrid,  and  from  Uuadix  to 
Villahcrmosa  and  Cucnca.  The  surface  is  bare  and  rugged. 
It  is  the  soene  of  many  incidents  in  "  Don  Quixote." 

Sierra  Morina,  8e-dr'r&  mo-rce'n&,  or  liroAvn 
Mountains,  of  California,  commence  about  10  miles  S. 
of  San  Francisco,  and  run  through  San  Francisco  co.  into 
Santa  Clara  co.  The  most  elevated  peaks  are  stated  to  be 
between  2000  and  3000  feet  high. 

Sierra  Nevada,  8e-dR'R&  n&-v&'D&,  a  Spanish  name 
signifying  the  "  snow-clad  mountain-ridge,"  applied  to 
various  elevated  mountain-chains. 

Sierra  Nevada,  the  highest  mountain-range  in  the 
Spanish  Peninsula,  in  the  S.,  extending  through  the  old 
kingdom  of  Granada,  and  forming  part  of  the  great  water- 
shed which  separates  the  waters  flowing  to  the  Mediter  ■ 
ranean  from  those  flowing  to  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  Culmi- 
nating points,  Mulahacon  or  Mulhacen,  11,65S  feet  high 
(being  not  only  the  highest  mountain-summit  in  Spain,  but, 
after  the  Alps,  the  most  elevated  in  Europe),  and  Veletn, 
II,3S7  feet  above  the  sea,  separated  by  an  enormous  chasm, 
the  Corral  de  Veleta.  The  S.  base  of  this  range  is  clothed 
with  olive-  and  orange-groves  and  chestnut  woods.  Per- 
petual snow  commences  at  the  height  of  9500  feet. 

Sierra  Nevada  is  the  name  of  a  long  mountain-chain 
of  California,  nearly  parallel  to  the  coast  of  the  Pacific 
Ocean.  It  is  about  500  miles  long,  and  forms  the  E. 
boundary  of  the  Great  Central  Valley  of  California.  In 
the  neighborhood  of  the  Tejon  Pass,  which  is  in  about  35° 
N.  lat.,  the  ridges  of  the  Sierra  and  the  Coast  Kanges 
meet  or  become  continuous.  Among  the  highest  peaks  of 
the  Sierra  are  Mount  Whitney  (14,898  feet  high),  Mount 
Tyndall,  Mount  King,  Mount  Goddard,  Mount  Lyoll, 
Mount  Dana,  Castle  Peak,  Lassens  Peak,  and  Mount 
Shasta.  Some  of  these  are  extinct  volcanoes.  The  sides 
of  these  mountains  are  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  fir,  and 
other  evergreen  trees,  which  attain  an  enormous  size.  The 
famous  Mammoth  Trees  {Sequoia  giyantea)  are  found  at  an 
elevation  of  5000  to  7000  feet. 

Mount  Whitney  is  the  most  southern  of  the  summits 
mentioned  above,  and  is  supposed  to  be  the  highest  peak  of 
California.  Many  of  the  summits  of  the  Sierra  are  formed 
of  granite  flanked  with  metamorphic  slate.  Volcanic  rocks 
are  abundant  in  some  parts  of  the  chain.  Mr.  Gardner 
thus  delineates  the  features  of  the  scene  which  he  surveyed 
from  the  summit  of  Mount  Brewer:  "Canons  from  two  to 
five  thousand  feet  deep,  between  thin  ridges  topped  with 
pinnacles  sharp  as  needles;  successions  of  great  crater-like 
amphitheatres,  with  crowning  precipices  over-sweeping 
snow-fields  and  frozen  lakes ;  everywhere  naked  and  shat- 
tered granite,  without  a  sign  of  vegetation,  except  where  a 
few  gnarled  and  storm-beaten  pines  cling  to  the  rocks  in 
the  deeper  canons."  "  These  canons  and  precipices,"  says 
Prof.  Whitney,  "  which  lie  between  the  two  principal  ridges, 
constitute  the  main  difficulty  in  reaching  and  exploring  the 
eastern  summit  peaks."  "  Mount  Whitney  is  the  culmi- 
nating point  of  an  immense  pile  of  granite  which  is  cut. 
almost  to  the  centre  by  numerous  steep  and  often  almost 
vertical  canons,  ending  in  high-walled  amphitheatres. 
Southward  of  the  main  peak  there  is  a  range  of  sharp 
needles,  four  of  which  are  over  14,000  feet  high.  The 
general  aspect  of  the  group  is  much  like  that  of  Mount 
Tyndall.  This  mountain  has  been  approached  on  all  sides 
except  the  E.,  and  found  to  be  utterly  inaccessible."  (Prof. 
Whitney's  Report.)  Large  quantities  of  gold  imbedded  in 
quartz  are  found  in  many  parts  of  this  chain,  mostly  on  the 
western  slope  and  several  thousand  feet  below  the  highest 
crest.  Rich  silver-mines  have  been  opened  on  the  eastern 
side  of  the  Sierra.  Near  lat.  38°  N.  is  a  depression  in  the 
Sierra,  called  Mono  Pass,  the  summit  of  which  is  10,765 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Seven  miles  N.W.  of  Castle 
Peak  is  the  Sonora  Pass,  by  which  wagons  can  cross  the 
Sierra,  and  which  has  two  summits,  the  eastern  forming  the 
watershed  and  being  9607  feet  above  the  sea,  the  western 
10,115  feet  high.    In  Nevada  co.,  a  few  miles  N.W.  of  Lake 


Tahoe,  the  Pacific  Railroad  crosses  this  grand  barrier  at 
Summit  Station,  which  has  an  altitude  of  7042  feet.  Iha 
Tejon  Pass,  near  lat.  35°  N.,  is  stated  to  be 5285  fectbigbar 
than  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Sierra  Pacaraima,  so-Sii'itA  p&-k&-ri'm&,  a  low 
mountain-chain  of  South  America,  exten<ltng  fur  about  2u0 
miles  from  W.  to  E.,  in  lat.  4°  N.  and  between  Ion.  60° 
and  03°  W.,  separating  the  basins  of  the  Carony  and  iiut, 
saroony  from  the  basin  of  the  Rio  Uranco,  and  Rritish  and 
Venezuelan  Guiana  from  Brazil. 

Sierra  Purinia  or  Parime.    See  Pariua,  Sibrsi.- 

Sierra  San  Juan.    See  San  Juan  Mountains. 

Sierra  Soledad,se-dR'RA.so-ld-i>&d',  arange  of  moun- 
tains in  the  S.  part  of  New  Mexico,  in  lut.  about  32°  40' 
N.,  Ion.  106°  30'  W. 

Sierra  Tejada,  8e-dR'R&  t&-ii&'n&,  a  mountain  of 
Spain,  28  miles  N.E.  of  Malaga.     Height,  7677  feet. 

Sierra  (8e-dr'r&)  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Sierra  00., 
Cal.,  about  28  miles  E.  of  Downieville. 

Sierre,  the  French  name  of  Sidkrs. 

Siesta  Dara,  80-&i't&  d&'r&,  a  post-office  of  Medina 
CO.,  Tex. 

Siete  Aguas,  se-k'tk  &'gw&s,  a  village  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  32  miles  W.  of  Valencia.  In  1808  the  French 
army,  under  Moncey,  here  defeated  the  Spaniards,  and  the 
Carlists  were  here  defeated  in  1836  by  Ovalle.     Pop.  1239. 

Sieti,  se-d'tee,  a  town  of  Italy,  |>rovince  and  8  milei 
N.E.  of  Salerno. 

Sievernoi,  Siberia.    See  Cape  North. 

Sievsk,  or  Siewsk,  se-dvsk',  written  also  Sevsk  and 
Siawsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  73  miles  S.W.  of  Orel,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Sievsk.     Pop.  8698. 

Siewierz,  s'yA've-aiRzh\  a  town  of  Poland,  67  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Kielce.  Pop.  1300.    It  has  imjKtrtant  iron-works. 

Sifan,  a  portion  of  Thibet.     See  Skfan. 

Sigcan,  a  town  of  France.    See  Suean. 

Si  gel,  see'gh^l,  a  post-office  of  Yankton  co.,  S.  D. 

Sigel,  a  post-villnge  of  Shelby  co..  III.,  on  the  Illinois 
Central  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Effingham.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  about  400. 

Sigel,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Lawrence  &  Western  Railroad,  7i  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Lawrence. 

Sigel,  a  township  of  Huron  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  228. 

Sigel,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  548. 

Sigel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pettis  co.,  Mo.,  8  miles  S.  of 
Brownsville  Station.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Sigel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefl"erson  co..  Pa.,  in  Eldrcd 
township,  8  miles  N.  of  Brookville.  It  has  2  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  carriages  and  lumber. 

Sigel,  a  township  of  Chippewa  co..  Wis.     Pop.  598. 

Sigel,  a  post-office  of  La  Crosse  eo..  Wis. 

Sigel,  a  township  of  Wood  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  433. 

Sightyik,  sig'a-jik'  or  see'ga-jeek',  a  small  maritime 
town  of  Asia  Minor,  in  Anatolia,  on  its  W.  coast,  22  miles 
S.W.  of  Smyrna,  on  an  inlet  of  the  Gulf  of  Scala  Nova. 
Lat.  38°  12'  N.;  Ion.  26°  48'  E. 

Sight  Point,  a  post-village  in  Inverness  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  15  miles  from  Mabou.     Pop.  150. 

Sigilmcssa,  a  town  of  Morocco.    See  Segei.mesa. 

Siglerville,  seo'gl^r-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mittlin  co., 
Pa.,  in  Armagh  township,  about  12  miles  N.  of  Lewistown. 
It  is  3  miles  from  Milroy  Station. 

Sigmaringen,  sig'm&-ring'?n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Ilohenzollern,  on  the  Danube,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Constance. 
Pop.  3729.     It  is  enclosed  by  walls  and  has  a  castle. 

Sign,  sig'n  or  seeii,  a  town  of  Dalmatia,  20  miles  N-E. 
of  Spalato.  Pop.  200.  Its  fortress,  built  by  the  Turks, 
crowns  a  high  rock  above  the  town. 

Signa,  scen'yi,  a  village  of  Italy,  8  miles  W.  of  Flor- 
ence, on  the  Arno.     Pop.  1922. 

Signak,  sig'nik',  also  written  Signach,  a  town  of 
Transcaucasian  Russia,  60  miles  E.S.E.  of  Tifli.<.    P.  1(',S20. 

Sig'nal,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Mohave  co., 
Arizona,  about  160  miles  from  Maricopa  Station.  It  has 
silver-mines  and  2  quartz-mills. 

Signau,  sig'now,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bern.     Pop.  2977. 

Signy  I'Abbaye,  seen'yee'  Idb'bi'.a  town  of  France, 
in  Ardennes,  14  miles  W.S.W.  of  M^zifires.  Pop.  2274.  It 
has  extensive  iron-works. 

Signy-le-Petit,  seen'yce'-l^h-p^h-tee',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Ardennes,  25  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  M67.iJres. 

Sigourney,sig'ur-ne,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Keokuk 
CO.,  Iowa,  in  Sigourney  township,  on  the  North  Skunk 
River,  and  on  the  Sigourney  Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Uock 
Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  28  miles  W.  of  Washington,  and 


SIG 


24eT! 


SIL 


about  25  miles  E.  of  Oskaloosa.  It  contains  5  churches,  a 
national  bank,  1  other  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  high 
school,  a  conservatory  of  music,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  wool- 
len-mill.    Pop.  in  1880,  1735;  of  the  township,  2207. 

Sigrisweil,  seo'gris-*il\  a  village  and  parish  of  Swit- 
lerland,  canton  and  20  miles  S.B.  of  Bern,  near  the  Lake  of 
Thun.     Pop.  3155.     Near  here  is  a  coal-mine. 

Sigiicn:£a,  so-gwfin'thi,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
60  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Guadalajara.  It  is  a  bishop's  see, 
and  has  a  college,  a  seminary,  and  manufactures  of  nails, 
hats,  and  cloth.     Pop.  4126. 

Sigus,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Sieg. 

Sigva,  sig'vi,  a  river  of  Asiatic  Russia,  rises  on  the  E. 
elope  of  the  Ural  Mountains,  government  of  Tobolsk,  flows 
S.S.E.,  and  joins  the  Sosva  after  a  course  of  about  130  miles. 

Sihl,  seel,  a  river  of  Switzerland,  cantons  of  Schwytz, 
Zug,  and  Zurich,  joins  the  Limmat  at  Zurich,  after  a  N.W. 
course  of  35  miles. 

Sihon,  or  Seihun.    See  SYnoox,  and  Jaxartes. 

Sihut,  see^hut',  a  town  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  Arabia,  100 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Makallah.  Lat.  15°  12'  30"  N.  ;  Ion.  51° 
19'  E.  The  population  varies  from  300  to  2000,  according 
to  the  trade  and  season.  Its  traders  own  about  30  vessels, 
employed  in  coasting-trade  and  shark-fishing. 

Sihiitia,  sc-oot'li,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  Michoacan,  25 
miles  W.  of  Zacatula. 

Sijcan,  or  Slgean,  see^zh6s»',  a  town  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Aude,  near  the  Lagoon  of  Sijean,  on  the  Medi- 
terranean, 12  miles  S.  of  Narbonne.     Pop.  3510. 

Si-Kao-Chan,  China.    See  Seb-Kao-Shan. 

Sikeston,  siks't9n,  a  post- village  of  Scott  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  28  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Cairo.     It  has  a  church. 

Sikhs,  or  Seiks,  seeks,  a  warlike  nation  in  Northwest 
India,  lately  the  ruling  power  in  that  part  of  the  world, 
first  appeared  as  a  sect  of  Hindoo  religionists  about  the 
middle  of  the  fifteenth  century,  but,  stung  by  persecution 
from  the  Mohammedans,  they  turned  their  attention  to  war- 
like pursuits,  and  afterwards  became  a  nation  of  formidable 
soldiers.  Steel,  from  being  an  especial  object  of  attention, 
was  finally  converted  into  one  of  their  gods.  Their  suj)reme 
divinity  was  denominated  by  them  "All  Steel."  Owing, 
however,  to  their  continual  dissensions,  they  were  unable 
to  make  bead  against  a  powerful  enemy  until  the  early 
part  of  the  present  century,  when  Runjeet  Singh,  having 
subdued  the  other  Sikh  chieftains,  established  an  independ- 
ent kingdom,  which  he  ruled  with  great  energy  and  wis- 
dom. He  maintained  an  army  of  80,000  men,  of  whom 
50,1)00  were  cavalry,  disciplined  according  to  the  European 
system.  But  after  his  death,  in  1839,  a  period  of  anarchy 
occurred;  and  in  1849  the  Sikhs  were  totally  defeated  by 
the  English,  and  their  territory  annexed  to  British  India. 
The  so-called  "Sikh  States"  are  small  chieftainships  mostly 
in  the  N.  of  the  Punjab,  near  the  Sutlej,  and  are  under 
"ritish  protection.    See  Punjab. 

Sikino,  see'ke-no  or  se-kee'no  (anc.  Sici'vos),  an  island 
jof  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Santorin. 
"  rea,  17  square  miles.  Pop.  300.  It  produces  wine,  figs, 
lotton,  and  the  best  wheat  in  the  Cycladcs.  On  its  W.S.W. 
lide  is  a  village  of  its  own  name. 

Sik'kiin%  or  Shikim,  shik'im,  a  state  of  India,  trib- 
tary  to  the  British,  between  lat.  26°  40'  and  28°  N.,  Ion. 
8°  E.,  having  N.  the  Himalayas,  W.  Nepaul,  E.  Bootan, 
nd  S.  the  Bengal   districts  of   Rungpoor   and    Purneah. 

rea,  2567  square  miles.  Estimated  pop.  50,000,  chiefly  or 
iwholiy  Booddhists,  and  employed  in  rural  industry.   Cattle 

End  iron  are  among  the  chief  exports.     The  culture  of  the 
ea-plant  has  been  introduced   here  by  the   British  with 
|euccess.     Principal  town,  Sikkim,  135  miles  N.W.  of  Di- 

ragepoor.- 
I     SikloS)  see^klosh',  a  town  of  West  Hungary,  co.  of  Ba- 
fanya,  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Fiinfkirchen.     It  is  celebrated 
or  its  mineral  springs.     Pop.  4296. 
I    Sikokf,  Sikoke,  or  Sitkoke.    See  Shikoku. 
'     Sil,  seel,  a  river  of  Spain,  rises  in  the  N.W.  of  Leon, 
flows  S.W.,  and  joins  the  Minho.     Length,  100  miles. 
I    Silaii,  a  town  of  India.    See  Svlah. 
!     Silan,  seMin',  a  seaport  town  of  Mexico,  in  Yucatan, 
!60  miles  N.W.  of  Valladolid. 

Silao,  se-li'o,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  and  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Guanajuato.     Pop.  4000 

Silarus,  or  Silaro,  Italy.    See  Sele. 
Si'las  Creek,  a  post-ofiice  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C. 
Silberberg,  sirb§r-bduG\  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
43  miles  S.S.W.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  1594. 

Silber-Bergstadt,  Bohemia.    See  Mies. 
Sil'cott  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va. 


Sile,  see'li  (anc.  Si'lin),  a  river  of  Italy,  enters  the  la- 
goon 6i  miles  N.  of  Venice,  after  a  S.  course  of  35  miles, 
past  Treviso. 

Sildal,  a  river  of  Swfeden.    See  Skelleftea. 

Si'lent  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hopkins  co.,  Ky.,  12 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Madisonville. 

Siles,  seo'lds,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  prov- 
ince and  70  miles  N.E.  of  Jaen.     Pop.  2030. 

Silesia,  si-lee'she-a.  (Fr.  Silesie,  seeM4'zee';  Ger.  Schle- 
aien,  shlA'zo-^n),  a  province  forming  the  S.E.  portion  of 
Prussia,  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Austrian  Galicia  and  Russian 
Poland,  S.  by  Austrian  Silesia,  Moravia,  and  Bohemiii,  W. 
by  Saxony  and  Brandenburg,  and  N.  by  Prussian  Poland. 
Area,  15,355  square  miles.  Pop.  3,843,689,  chiefly  Luther- 
ans and  Roman  Catholics,  with  about  50,000  Jews.  The 
surface  in  the  S.  and  S.W.  is  rugged  and  mountainous,  in 
other  parts  flat  or  but  slightly  undulating.  The  Oder  trav- 
erses its  centre  throughout,  from  S.E.  to  N.W. ;  the  other 
principal  rivers  are  its  affluents  the  two  Neisses,  Bober, 
Malapane,  and  Bartsch.  The  forests  are  very  extensive. 
Corn,  flax,  and  hemp  are  produced  in  very  large  quantities, 
and  many  sheep  are  kept  in  the  province  and  produce  ex- 
cellent wool,  which  forms,  next  to  linen,  the  principal  arti- 
cle of  export.  Beet  sugar,  tiuiber,  madder,  tobacco,  Ac, 
are  also  exported,  and  coal,  iron,  lead,  zinc,  and  copper  are 
wrought.  The  manufactures  comprise  cotton  fabrics,  linens, 
woollens,  leather,  metallic  wares,  and  porcelain.  It  is  sub- 
divided into  the  three  governments  of  Breslau,  Oppein,  and 
Liegnitz.  Capital,  Breslau.  It  was  conquered  from  Aus- 
tria by  Frederick  the  Great  in  1742. Adj.  and  inhab. 

Silesian,  si-lee'she-an. 

Silesia,  or  Austrian  Silesia,  a  crown-land  and 
duchy  of  Austro-Hungary,  in  Cisleithania,  comprises  the  S. 
part  of  the  old  province  of  Silesia,  composing  the  circles  of 
Troppau  and  Teschen.  Area,  1981  square  miles.  Capital, 
Troppau.  Pop.  511,581,  of  whom  one-half  are  of  German 
race,  the  rest  mainly  of  Slavic  origin.  Mining  and  pas- 
turage form  the  chief  resources. 

Silhet,  a  town  of  India.    See  Sylhet. 

Sil ian,  a  lake  of  Sweden.    See  Siuan.      " 

Silinty,  or  Selinti,  se-lin'tee,  a  maritime  village  and 
headland  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the  Mediterranean,  32  miles 
W.N.AV.  of  Cape  Anamoor,  around  which  are  remains  of 
the  ancient  Seliiiua. 

Silis,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Sile. 

Silistria,  se-lis'tre-a,  or  Silistri,  se-lis'tree  (Turk. 
Dristra,  dris'tri  ;  Fr.  Silistrie,  see'leesMree'),  a  city  of  Bul- 
garia, on  the  right  bank  of  the  Danube,  58  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Shoomla.  Lat.  about  44°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  27°  10'  E.  Pop. 
20,000.  It  stands  at  the  foot  of  a  hill,  is  of  semicircular; 
form,  and  in  general  poorly  built,  consisting  of  narrow,  ill- 
paved  streets,  with  gloomy-looking  houses.  It  has  5  mosques, 
a  large  Greek  church  and  convent,  public  baths,  a  custom- 
house, extensive  magazines  for  flour  and  grain,  a  few  manu- 
factures, and  a  considerable  trade,  chiefly  in  wood  and  cat- 
tle. Silistria  has  figured  prominently  in  the  Russo-Turkish 
wars.     In  1879  its  forts  were  demolished. 

Silivri,  se-liv'ree,  or  Selivri,  a  maritime  town  of 
European  Turkey,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  Sea  of  Marmora, 
40  miles  W.  of  Constantinople.     Pop.  5000. 

Siljan,  sil'yin,  or  Silian,  sil'e-in,  a  lake  of  Sweden, 
loon  and  26  miles  N.W.  of  Falun.  Length,  52  miles  j 
breadth,  7  miles. 

Sil  la,  the  Slavic  name  of  Gail. 

Sil  la,  seel'yi,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  9  miles  S. 
of  Valencia,  on  the  Albufera  Lagoon.     Pop.  3679. 

Sil'la,atownof  Senegambia,  in  Bambarra,  on  the  Joliba, 
SO  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sego.     Lat.  13°  17'  N.;  Ion.  5°  30'  W. 

Silla  de  Caracas,  seel'yi  d^  ki-ri'kis,  a  mountain 
of  Venezuela,  near  Caracas.     Height,  8625  feet. 

Sillah  Mew,  sil'lih'  mu,  or  Chalain  Mew,  shi'- 
lin'  mu,  a  town  of  Burmah,  on  the  Irrawaddy.  Lat.  20° 
50'  N. ;  Ion.  94°  30'  E.  It  was  formerly  surrounded  by  a 
brick  wall  50  feet  high  without  and  30  feet  within. 

Sillein,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Szolna. 

Sille  le  Guillaume,  see'yi'  l?h  ghee'yom'  or  seeP- 
yi.'  I§h  gheeryom',  a  town  of  France,  in  Sartho,  19  miles 
N.W.  of  Le  Mans,  Pop.  2995.  It  has  manufactures  of 
fine  linens. 

Sillery,  seel'leh-rec',  a  village  of  Franco,  in  Marne,  6 
miles  S.E.  of  Reims,  famous  for  its  fine  champagne  wine. 

Sil'lery  Cove,  or  Saint  Colomb,  six"  ko'liji',  a 
post-village  and  parish  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Quebec,  on  the  N. 
shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  6  miles  above  Quebec.  The 
parish  contains  2  churches,  a  large  convent,  an  academy, 
several  schools,  17  timber-coves,  and  about  35()0  inhabitants. 

Silk'ville,  or  Prairie  Home,  a  hamlet  of  Franklin 


6IL 


2468 


SIL 


CO.,  Kansas,  in  Williamsburg  township,  3  miles  from  Wil- 
liamsburg Station.  It  has  a  manufuctory  of  sillc  and  one 
of  cheoso.     Pop.  60. 

Silliards,  sil'j-^rds,  a  r>ost-hamIet  of  Yellow  Medicine 
00.,  Minn.,  20  luiles  N.  of  Miirshiill.     It  lias  a  church. 

Sill'lmnn,  Mount,  California,  a  granitic  pca)(  of  the 
Sierra  Nevada,  on  or  near  the  northern  border  of  Tulare 
00.,  about  45  miles  N.B.  of  Visalla.  It  risos  11,623  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Sill'oth,  a  port  and  soa-bathing  place  of  England,  in 
Cumberland,  on  Solwny  Firth,  21  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Car- 
lisle. It  has  an  infirmary,  and  docks  for  shipping,  and  is 
the  seat  of  considerable  trade. 

SiliVf  see'yee'  or  sooPyee',  a  village  of  Belgium,  prov- 
ince of  Hainaut,  13  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Mons.      Pop.  2(91. 

Silonnif  sl-lo'^m,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  oo.,  Ark., 
30  miles  W.  of  Corning.     It  has  a  church. 

Siloam,  a  post-office  of  Qreene  co.,  Qa.,  0  miles  from 
Union  Point. 

Siioani;  a  post-office  of  Whitley  co.,  Ky. 

Siloaiti,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co..  Miss.,  6  miles  W. 
of  West  Point.     It  has  2  churches. 

Siloam,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  about  24 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Utioa.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-uiill,  and 
a  saw-mill. 

Siloam,  a  post-hamlet  of  Surry  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  Yad- 
kin River,  about  46  miles  N.  of  Salisbury.  It  has  a  church, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Silos,  see'loce,  a  village  of  the  Canaries,  island  of  Tene- 
riffo,  at  the  S.  foot  of  the  MontSneta-de-Aregume,  about  1 
mile  from  the  sea. 

Sils,  sils,  a  village  of  SwitEorland,  canton  of  Orisons,  in 
an  angle  formed  by  the  confluence  of  the  Albula  with  the 
llinter-Rhein,  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chur.  Pop.  544.  Height 
above  the  sea,  5964  feet.  The  Lake  of  Sils,  whence  the  river 
Inn  rises,  is  immediately  S.W.,  and  is  4  miles  in  length  by 

1  mile  in  breadth. 

Siis'den,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  4  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Keighley.     Pop.  of  township,  2714. 

Sil'soe,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Bedford. 

Silt,  or  Sylt,  silt,  an  island  of  Prussi.-v,  in  the  North 
Sea,  off  the  W.  coast  of  Sleswiok.  Greatest  length,  from 
N.  to  S.,  about  20  miles ;  breadth,  6  miles.     Pop.  2820. 

Siluria,  si-Iu'rc-a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Ala.,  in 
the  Cahawba  Valley,  on  the  South  &  North  Alabama  Rail- 
road, 20  miles  S.  of  Birmingham.  It  has  manufactures  of 
lime  and  barrels,  and  3  churches. 

SilvRiiectes,  or  Silvanectse,  France.    See  Senlis. 

Silvano,  sil-v&'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  district  of  Novi. 
Pop.  of  commune,  2148. 

Silvar'a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  in  Tus- 
carora  township,  about  37  miles  N.W.  of  Scranton.     It  has 

2  churches  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Sil'ver,  a  township  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  174. 

Silver,  a  post-office  of  Gage  co..  Neb. 

Silverado,  sirv^r-ah'do,  a  post-village  of  Los  Angeles 
CO.,  Cal.,  50  miles  S.E.  of  Los  Angeles.  It  has  mines  of 
gold,  silver,  and  tin,  2  quartz-mills,  2  stores,  and  3  hotels. 
It  is  in  the  Santa  Rosa  mining-district. 

Sil'ver  Bow,  a  post-village  of  Silver  Bow  co.,  Montana, 
about  60  miles  S.S.W.  of  Helena. 

Silver  Brook,  a  mining-haralet  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa., 
1  mile  from  Summit  Station.  It  has  a  coal-mine  and  a 
lamber-mill. 

Silver  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Owyhee  co., 
Idaho,  on  Jordan  Creek,  about  80  miles  S.S.W.  of  BoisS 
City.  It  has  a  daily  newspaper,  a  church,  a  bank,  a  foun- 
dry, a  planing-mill,  and  sevenil  quartz-mills.  Silver  is 
mined  near  this  place  by  several  companies.  There  are  12 
quartz-mines  (of  silver)  at  Fairview,  2  miles  from  Silver 
City.     Pop.  599. 

Silver  City,  a  vill.age  in  Carp  Lake  township,  On- 
tonagon CO.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Superior,  at  the  mouth  of  Iron 
River,  70  miles  W.  of  L'Anse.  It  is  the  outlet  or  shipping- 
point  of  several  mines  of  copper  and  silver,  and  bits  2  or  3 
Btamp-mills.     Here  is  Iron  River  Post-Office. 

Silver  City,  a  hamlet  of  Yazoo  co..  Miss.,  on  the  Yazoo 
River,  22  miles  N.  of  Yazoo  City.  It  has  a  church.  Here 
is  Palmetto  Home  Post-Office. 

Silver  City,  a  post-office  of  Lewis  and  Clarke  co., 
Montana,  about  14  miles  N.N.W.  of  Helena. 

Silver  City,  a  post-town  of  Lyon  co.,  Nevada,  is  near 
the  E.  base  of  the  Washoe  Mountain  range,  5  miles  S.  of 
Virginia  City,  and  3  miles  from  Gold  Hill  Station.  It  has 
several  quartz-mills,  1  or  2  newspaper  offices,  2  churches, 
and  a  bank.  Gold  and  silver  are  mined  here.  It  has 
plaoer-mines  and  quartz  lodes. 


Silver  City,  a  post-villnge  of  Grant  co.,  New  Mexico 
10  miles  S.W.  of  Fort  Bayard.  Lat.  32°  45'  15"  N.  It 
has  rich  silver-mines,  1  or  2  newspaper  offices,  a  church,  2 
banking-houses,  an  iron-foundry,  4  silver-mills,  and  a  flour, 
mill.     Copper  and  lead  are  found  here.     Pop.  (1880)  1800, 

Silver  City,  a  post-office  and  mining-village  of  Juab 
CO.,  Utah,  20  miles  Vf.  by  S.  of  Santaquin.  Here  ure  mioM 
of  gold,  silver,  and  copper. 

Silver  Clitf,  a  post-office  and  mining-village  of  Cutter 
CO..  Col.,  32  miles  S.W.  of  Cufion  City.  It  has  silvcr-minet 
and  reduction-works.     Pop.  in  1880,  5040. 

Silver  Creek,  Illinois,  rises  in  Madison  co.,  rum 
southward  through  St.  Clair  oo.,  and  enters  the  Kaskatkia 
about  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Belleville.     Length,  70  miles. 

Silver  Creek,  Indiana,  runs  southward  through  Clarke 
CO.,  and  enters  the  Ohio  River  1  or  2  miles  above  New 
Albany. 

Silver  Creek,  Iowa,  rises  in  Shelby  co.,  runs  nearly 
southward  through  Pottawattamie  co.,  and  enters  the  Wc«t 
Nishnabatona  River  in  Mills  co.     Length,  about  80  miles. 

Silver  Creek,  Missis8ip])i,  flows  into  Sunflower  River 
in  Washington  co. 

Silver  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Minnehaha  co.,  S.  D. 

Silver  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Floyd  co.,  Ga. 

Silver  Creek,  a  post-ofiicc  of  Calhoun  co.,  111. 

Silver  Creek,  township,  Stephenson  co,,  III.    P.  l.'?09. 

Silver  Creek,  township,  Clarke  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1116. 

Silver  Creek,  post-township,  Ida  co.,  Iowa.   Pop.  105. 

Silver  Creek,  a  township  of  Mills  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
831,  exclusive  of  Hillsdale  and  Malvern. 

Silver  Creek,  a  township  of  Pottawattamie  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  620. 

Silver  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chase  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Atchison,  Topcka  A  Santa  F6  Railroad,  33  miles  W.by 
S.  of  Emporia.     It  has  a  church. 

Silver  Creek,  a  township  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
857.     Post-office,  Moscow. 

Silver  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Ky.,  near 
a  creek  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the  railroad  which  con- 
nects Richmond  with  Stanford,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Richmond. 
It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Silver  Creek,  a  post-bamlet  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  i 
mile  from  Argenta  Station,  and  10  miles  N.  of  Kalamazoo. 
It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Silver  Creek,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Mich.    P.  1709. 

Silver  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Wright  co.,  Minn., 
about  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  St.  Cloud,  is  bounded  on  the  N.E. 
by  the  Mississippi  River.  It  has  several  lakes,  and  plenty 
of  hard  timber.     Pop.  363. 

Silver  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co..  Miss.,  8 
miles  N.E.  of  Monticello. 

Silver  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Cedar  co.,  Mo. 

Silver  Creek,  township,  Randolph  co.,  Mo.     P.  1831. 

Silver  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Merrick  co.,  Neb.,  near 
the  Platte  River,  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  17  miles 
S.W.  of  Columbus,  and  109  miles  W.  of  Omaha.  It  has  a 
church,  3  stores,  <tc. 

Silver  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Hanover  township,  on  Lake  Erie,  at  the  mouth  of  Silver 
Creek,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Rail- 
road, 31  miles  S.S.W.  of  Buffalo,  and  9  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Dunkirk.  It  contains  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  large  tannery, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  a  manufactory  of  "smut-machines 
and  grain-separators."     Pop.  in  1880,  1036. 

Silver  Creek,  a  township  of  Burke  co.,  N.C.    P.  1314. 

Silver  Creek,  a  station  of  the  Atlantio  4  Great 
Western  Railroad,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Akron,  0. 

Silver  Creek,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  0.    Pop.  1701. 

Silver  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Hardin  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Cincinnati,  Sandusky  &  Cleveland  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W. 
of  Kenton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Silver  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Blytho  township,  on  the  Schuylkill  Valley  Railroad,  9  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Pottsville.     It  has  a  church. 

Silver  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  Tcnn.,  on 
the  Duck  River  Valley  Railroad,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Coliinibia. 

Silver  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Lewis  co.,  Washington, 
18  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Napavine. 

Silver  Creek,  a  station  of  Ashland  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Ashland. 
Here  is  Tyner  Post-Office. 

Silver  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Sheboygan  co.,  Wis. 

Silver  Dale,  a  post-office  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas,  on 
Silver  Creek,  about  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Winfield.  Pop.  of 
Silver  Dale  township,  711. 

Silver  Dale,  a  post-office  of  Onslow  co.,  N.C,  30  milei 
W.  of  Morchead  City. 


SIL 


2469 


SIM 


Silver  Glen,  Merrick  co.,  Neb.,  the  former  name  of 
Silver  Creek.    See  Silver  Cueek. 

Sil'verheel  Mountain,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  main 
range  of  the  Kocky  Mountains,  in  lat.  39°  20'  N.,  Ion. 
106°  W.  It  has  an  altitude  of  13,650  feet  above  the  sea- 
level.  It  is  about  10  miles  N.  of  Fair  Pliiy.  Gold  and  sil- 
ver are  found  in  this  mountain. 

Silver  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Sevier  co..  Ark.,  50  miles 
N.AV.  of  Fulton. 

Silver  Hill, a  post-hamlet  of  Prince  George's  co., Md., 
about  9  miles  S.E.  of  Wasiiington,  D.C. 

Silver  Hill,  jrost-township,  Davidson  co.,  N.C.   P.  975. 

Silver  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Hampton  co.,  S.C. 

Silver  Hill,  a  post-office  of  AVetzcl  co.,  W.  Va. 

Silvcrina,  Mississippi.    See  Sylvauexa. 

Silver  Island,  China.    See  Kintang. 

Silver  King,  a  mining  post-village  of  Pinal  co.,  Ari- 
lona,  about  35  miles  N.  of  Florence.  It  has  silver-mines. 
Pop.  about  300. 

Silver  Lake,  in  the  E.  part  of  "Wyoming  co.,  N.Y.,  is 
connected  by  an  outlet  with  Genesee  River.  Length,  3 
miles. 

Silver  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  S.  D. 

Silver  Lake,  a  post-village  in  Clay  township,  Kos- 
ciusko CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Cincinnati,  AVabash  &  Michigan 
Railroad,  13  miles  S.  of  Warsaw.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
graded  school.     Pop.  about  700. 

Silver  Lake,  township,  Dickinson  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  59. 

Silver  Lake,  township,  Palo  Alto  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  172. 

Silver  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Worth  co.,  Iowa,  in  Sil- 
ver Lake  township,  about  25  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mason  City. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  463. 

Silver  Lake,  a  post-village  in  Silver  Lake  township, 
Shawnee  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  10 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Topeka.  Pop.  268;  of  township,  1184. 
The  township  is  bounded  S.  by  the  Kansas  River. 

Silver  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  McLeod  co.,  Minn.,  12 
miles  N.  of  Glencoe,  and  about  56  miles  AV.  by  S.  of  St. 
Paul.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Silver  Lake,  a  township  of  Martin  co.,  Minn,    P.  224. 

Silver  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co.,  Mo.,  20  miles 
N.E.  of  Fredericktown.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Silver  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co.,  Neb. 

Silver  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co.,  Oregon. 

Silver  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Susquehanna  co..  Pa.,  in 
Silver  Lake  township,  about  13  miles  S.  of  Bingham  ton, 
N.Y.     Here  is  a  small  lake.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1079. 

Silver  Lake,  a  village  in  Johnson  township.  Provi- 
dence CO.,  R.I.,  adjacent  to  Olneyville.  It  has  a  foundry. 
Pop.  278. 

Silver  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Van  Zandt  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  Texas  <fe  Pacific  Railro.ad,  6i  miles  W.  of  Mineola. 

Silver  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Cowlitz  co.,  AVashington. 

Silver  3Iine,  a  post-hamlet  of  Norwalk  township, 
Fairfield  co.,  Conn.,  IJ  miles  from  AVinnipauk  Station.  It 
has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  a  turning-shop,  and  a  tannery. 

Sil'ver  JMines,  mlnz,  Livingston  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Cum- 
berland River,  3  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  15  miles  N.E. 
of  Paducah.     Lead  and  fluor-spar  are  mined  here. 

Silver  Mines,  a  station  of  the  Boston  k  Maine  Rail- 
road, 2  miles  S.AV.  of  Newburyport,  Mass. 

Silver  Mountain,  California,  a  peak  of  the  Sierra 
Nevada,  in  Alpine  co.,  has  an  altitude  of  10,934  feet  above 
the  sea-level.  It  is  made  up  of  volcanic  materials,  with  a 
great  variety  of  structure  and  composition,  and  its  summit 
commands  an  extensive  view  in  all  directions. 

Silver  Mountain,  a  post-village  and  silver-mining 
camp  of  Alpine  co.,  Cal.,  is  near  the  N.  base  of  a  moun- 
tain of  the  same  name,  about  90  miles  in  a  direct  line  E. 
of  Sacramento,  and  7000  feet  above  the  sea-level.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office. 

Silver  Peak,  a  post-office  of  Esmeralda  co.,  Nevada, 
about  125  miles  S.  by  AV.  of  Austin. 

Silver  Plume,  a  post-vill.ago  of  Clear  Creek  co.,  Col., 
near  Sherman  Mountain,  about  9  miles  S.  of  Georgetown. 
It  has  silver-mines,  a  church,  and  stores.     Pop.  500. 

Silver  Point,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co.,  Tenn. 

Silver  Reef,  a  post-village  of  AVashington  co.,  Utah, 
about  25  miles  N.  of  St.  George.  It  has  mines  of  silver, 
a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1880,  1046. 

Silver  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Talladega  co.,  Ala.,  near 
the  Selma,  Rome  &  Dalton  Railroad,  about  20  miles  N.E. 
of  Talladega. 

Silver  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  5  miles 
from  Littlestown,  Pa.,  and  about  40  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Bal- 
timore.    It  has  a  church. 
Silver  Spring,  a  station  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md.,  on 


the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  (Metropolitan  Branch),  7 
miles  N.  of  AVashington,  D.C. 

Silver  Spring,  a  township  of  Cumberland  co..  Pa. 
Pop.  2259.     It  contains  Hogestown  and  New  Kingston. 

Silver  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Reading  &  Columbia  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Co- 
lumbia. 

Silver  Spring,  a  village  in  North  Kingstown  township, 
AVashington  co.,  R.I.  It  has  manufactures  of  doeskin 
jeans.     Pop.  148. 

Silver  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilson  co.,  Tenn.,  21 
miles  from  Beckwith  Station,  and  about  20  miles  N.E.  of 
Nashville.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Silver  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Salt  Lake  co.,  Utah, 
18  miles  S.E.  of  Salt  Lake  City.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Silver  Spring,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Milwaukee 
CO.,  AVis. 

Silver  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Fla. 

Silver  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Alcorn  co.,  Miss.,  14 
miles  N.E.  of  Ripley. 

Silver  Star,  a  post-office  and  mining-village  of  Madi- 
son CO.,  Montana,  on  the  Jefierson  River,  about  80  miles  S. 
by  AV.  of  Helena.     It  has  a  church,  and  mills  for  gold. 

Silver  Street,  a  post-hamlet  of  Newberry  co.,  S.C,  on 
the  Greenville  <fc  Columbia  Railroad,  54  miles  AV.  by  N.  of 
Columbia, 

Sil'verton,  a  post-town,  capital  of  San  Juan  co..  Col., 
is  finely  situated  on  the  Animas  River,  at  an  elevation  of 
9400  feet  above  the  sea,  and  285  miles  AV.S.AV.  of  Pueblo. 
It  is  surrounded  by  high  mountains,  and  is  about  2  miles 
from  the  lofty  Sultan  Mountain.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  2  saw-mills,  and  smelting-works 
for  silver,  which  is  mined  near  it. 

Silverton,  a  hamlet  in  Dallas  township,  Huntington 
CO.,  Ind.,  2i  miles  from  Antioch  Station.  Drain-tiles  are 
made  here. 

Silverton,  a  post-office  of  Pratt  co.,  Kansas. 

Silverton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  near  the 
sea,  about  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Toms  River. 

Silverton,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Oregon,  on  Sil- 
ver Creek,  about  40  miles  S.  of  Portland,  and  14  miles  E. 
by  S.  of  Salem.  It  has  a  grist-mill,  a  sash-factory,  and 
several  stores.     Pop.  about  300. 

Silverton,  a  township  of  Barnwell  co.,  S.C.   Pop.  1513. 

Silverton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  AV.  Va.,  35 
miles  S.  of  Parkersburg.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Sil'verville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.,  10 
miles  AV.  of  Bedford.     It  has  a  church. 

Silver  Wells,  a  post-office  of  AVasco  co.,  Oregon. 

Silves,  sil'vSs  or  seel'vfis,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Al- 
garve,  19  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lagos.     Pop.  5047. 

Silves,  sil'vis  or  seel'vfis,  or  Santa  Anna,  sln'ti 
in'nl,  a  village  and  parish  of  Brazil,  on  Lake  Saraca,  20 
miles  from  the  left  bank  of  the  Amazon. 

Sil'veyville,  a  village  of  Solano  co.,  Cal.,  in  Silvey- 
villo  township,  24  miles  S.AV.  of  Sacramento.  Pop.  279; 
of  the  township,  1583.  The  township  contains  the  village 
of  Dixon. 

Sim,  seem,  or  Sima,  see'ml,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in 
the  government  of  Orenboorg,  flows  circuitously  N.,  then 
S.E.,  and  joins  the  Inzer.     Total  course,  100  miles. 

Simabara,  se-mJ-bi'r&,  a  gulf  of  Japan,  on  the  AV. 
coast  of  the  island  of  Kioo-Sioo,  stretching  far  inland,  and 
forming  the  basin  in  which  are  the  peninsula  of  Simabara 
and  the  islands  of  Amakoosa,  Kami-Togi,  Simo-Togi,  Oho- 
jano,  Nagasima,  and  a  number  of  other  islands  and  rocl's. 
The  peninsula  of  Simabara  is  remarkable  for  the  volcano 
of  AVunzen,  or  AVunzcndake. 

Simancas,  se-miln'kS.3  (anc.  Septinmnca),  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  8  miles  S.AV.  of  A''alladolid,  on  the 
Pisuerga.  Pop.  11 07.  It  has  a  fortress,  in  which  the 
archives  of  Castile  are  kept. 

Simand,  see'mond',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  21 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Arad.     Pop.  2592. 

Simao,  Malay  Archipelago.      See  Semao. 

Simauj,  see'mawl',  or  Simavvul,  see^maw'ul,  a  town 
of  Asia  Minor,  75  miles  S.  of  Brusa.  Lake  Simaul,  5  miles 
N.AV.  of  the  town,  gives  origin  to  the  Siuiawul-Soo,  an 
affluent  of  the  Soosighirlee-Soo  (anc.  Macentim). 

Simbeersk,  or  Simbirsk,  sim-beersk',  a  government 
of  Russia,  between  lat.  52°  40'  and  55°  50'  N.  and  Ion.  45° 
10'  and  51°  20'  E.,  having  N.  the  governments  of  Kazan 
and  Orenboorg,  S.  Saratov,  and  AV.  Penza  and  Nizhnee- 
Novgorod.  Area,  19,109  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1870, 
1,205,881.  Surface  undulating  and  very  fertile.  Principal 
rivers,  the  Volga  and  Soora  and  their  affluents.  Rye,  wheat, 
oats,  buckwheat,  pease,  hemp,  flax,  tobacco,  and  poppiei 


SIM 


^TO 


SIM 


lire  esten«ire1y  raided.  Cattle-  and  horse-brooding  is  chiefly 
i)moli8e<i  by  the  Kiilmuoks.  Mnnufacturos  of  coar»o  and 
fine  woollen  cloth,  coarse  linen,  canvas,  coverlets,  salt, 
spirits,  glass,  soap,  and  leather  are  carried  on,  and  large 
quantities  of  corn,  hemp,  horses,  cattle,  hides,  fish,  fruit, 
and  millstones  are  exported.  The  government  is  Mub- 
dividod  into  10  circles.  Principal  towns,  Siuiboersk,  Sj'S- 
nin,  Alatoer,  and  Karsoon. 

Simbeersk,  the  capital  of  the  above  government,  on 
the  Volga,  105  miles  S.S.W.  of  Kazan.  Pon.  38,800.  Its 
position,  on  a  height  above  the  Volga,  is  highly  picturesque. 
The  houses  are  partly  of  wood.  Principal  edifices,  2  catno- 
druls,  a  monastery,  nunnery,  college,  many  charitiiblo  insti- 
tutions, governor's  palace,  town  hall,  barracks,  and  an  ex- 
change.    Its  trade  is  flourishing;  it  exports  corn  and  fish. 

Simcoe,  sim'kO,  a  lake  of  Ontario,  between  Lake  On- 
tario and  Georgian  Bay  (an  arm  of  Luke  Huron),  nearly 
SO  miles  long,  and  about  18  miles  broad  nt  its  widest  part, 
and  said  to  be  about  170  feet  above  Lake  Huron,  into  which 
it  discharges  itself  through  Lake  Couchiching,  the  Severn, 
and  Georgian  Bay.  This  lake  is  generally  frozen  completely 
over  in  the  winter,  so  as  to  be  passable  in  safety  for  sleighs. 
It  contains  numerous  islands,  some  of  large  size,  and  its 
banks  are  generally  clothed  with  wood  to  the  water's  edge. 

Simcoe,  a  county  of  Ontario,  chiefly  between  Lake 
Simcoe  and  Georgian  Bay.  Area,  1665  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Northern  Railway.  Capital,  Barrie. 
Pop.  57,389. 

Simcoe^  a  town  of  Ontario,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Nor- 
folk, on  the  river  Lynn,  and  on  the  Great  Western  Railway 
(Canada  Air-Line),  8  miles  N.  of  Lake  Erie,  and  24  miles 
from  Brantford.  It  contains  the  county  buildings,  5 
churches,  2  branch  banks,  a  grammar-  and  several  common 
schools,  2  newspaper  oflices,  and  manufactories  of  iron  cast- 
ings, mill-machinery,  sonp  and  candles,  potash,  leather, 
woollens,  Ac,  a  distillery,  brewery,  and  several  saw-  and 
flouring-mills.     Pop.  1856. 

Simeto,  a  river  of  Sicily.    See  Giahhetta. 

Simfero'pol,  or  Simphero'pol  (Turk.  Akmkdshld, 
the  "  white  mosque"),  a  town  of  Russia,  capital  of  the  gov- 
ernment of  Taurida,  in  the  Crimea,  on  theSalghir,  37  miles 
by  rail  N.E.  of  Sevastopol.  Lat.  about  45°  N. ;  Ion.  34°  4' 
E.  Pop.  30,000,  of  very  various  descent.  It  is  finely  situ- 
ated, enclosed  by  heights,  and  consists  of  the  old  Tartar 
town  of  Ak-Metchet,  and  a  quarter  constructed  by  the 
Russians,  which  is  regularly  built,  and  has  a  cathedral, 
churches,  barracks,  hospital,  and  government  offices.  Here 
are  several  mosques,  a  Tartar  school,  a  vast  bazaar,  an  ar- 
tesian well,  and  several  fountains.  It  was  founded  in  a.d. 
1500,  and  became  the  capital  of  Tartar  sultans. 

Simla,  or  Simlah,  slm'la,  a  district  of  India,  division 
of  Umballah,  Punjab,  but  detached  and  lying  among  the 
Sutlej  hill-states,  and  traversed  by  ranges  of  the  Himalaya. 
Area,  IS  square  miles.     Capital,  Simla.     Pop.  33,995. 

Simla,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  Simla  district,  30 
miles  S.E.  of  Belaspoor,  and  7300  feet  above  sea-level.  It 
is  an  important  sanitarium  for  Europeans.     Pop.  7037. 

Sim  men,  sim'm^n,  a  river  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Bern,  after  a  N.  and  E.  course  of  35  miles  joins  the  Kander 
near  its  mouth  in  the  Lake  of  Thun. 

Simmenthal,  sim'm^n-t&l*  {i.e.,  the  "valley  of  the 
Simmen"),  a  valley  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Bern,  watered 
by  the  Simmen.     It  contains  several  villages. 

Simmering,  sim'm^h-ring,  or  Simoning,  se-mo'- 
ning,  a  village  of  Lower  Austria,  between  the  Simmering 
Catia!  and  the  Danube,  2  miles  S.E.  of  Vienna.   Pop.  11,759. 

Simmern,  sim'm^rn,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  26 
miles  S.W.  of  Coblentz.     Pop.  2461. 

Simmesport,  Avoyelles  parish.  La.    See  Simsport. 

Sim'mon  (J rove,  a  post-office  of  Chatham  co.,  N.C. 

Sim'mons'  Bintf,  a  post-office  of  Wilson  co.,  Tenn. 

Simmon's  Fork,  North  Carolina,  a  creek  which  rises 
in  Randolph  co.,  runs  southward  through  Montgomery  co., 
and  enters  the  Yadkin  River. 

Sim'monsville,  a  village  of  Johnston  township. 
Providence  co.,  R.I.  It  has  a  hall,  and  manufactures  of 
cotton  yarns.  Pop.  in  1875,  97  ;  of  Simmons  Lower  Vil- 
lage (adjacent),  82. 

Simmonsville,  a  post-office  of  Craig  co.,  Va. 

Simnan,  sim'n&n',  Semnan,  sSm'n&n',  or  Sem- 
noon,  sSm^noon',  a  town  of  Persia,  in  Khorassan,  115 
miles  E.  of  Teheran.  It  is  2i  miles  in  circumference,  and 
enclosed  by  a  wall. 

Simnitza,  sim-nit's&,  written  also  Zimnitza,a  town 
of  Roumania,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Danube,  opposite 
Sistova.     Pop.  4145. 

Simoda,  a  town  of  Japan.    See  Shiuoda. 


Simoga,  se-mo'gil,  or  Shecmo'ga,  a  town  of  Indin, 
in  Mysore,  130  mileo  N.W.  of  Scringapiitaui.    Pop.  UjCJ^. 

Simoga,  a  district  of  India,  in  Mysore.  Area,  37V7 
square  miles.     Capital,  Simoga.     Pop.  498,976. 

Simois,  a  river  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Mknder. 

Simon,  Ashtabula  co.,  0.    See  East  Wili.iamspielb 

Simoning,  a  village  of  Austria.    See  Simmkiiino. 

Sinionosaki,  a  town  of  Japan.    See  SiiiMoxosfeKi. 

Simonsthurm,  seo'mons-tSOiim^  or  Simontornya, 
a  town  of  Hungary,  oo.  of  Tolna,  56  miles  S.S.W.  of  Duda. 
Pop.  2498. 

si'mon^s  Town,  a  town  of  Cape  Colony,  on  Siraon'» 
Bay,  an  inlet  on  the  W.  side  of  False  Bay,  23  miles  S.  of 
Cape  Town,  with  which  it  communicates  by  a  good  road. 
It  IS  neatly  built  at  the  foot  of  Cape  Mountain,  and  has  a 
naval  arsenal.  It  is  the  port  to  which  shijis  resort  for  re- 
pairs, Ac.     Pop.  2447. 

Si'monsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVindsor  co.,  Vt.,  9 
miles  W.  of  Chester  Station,  and  about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Rutland.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Simoosccr,  Simousir,  or  Simusir,  se-moo-scer', 
one  of  the  Kooril  Islands,  in  the  North  Pacific,  80  miles 
N.W.  of  Ooroop.  Lat.  of  S.  point,  46°  49'  N.;  Ion.  15lo 
37'  E.     Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  90  miles ;  breadth,  6  miles, 

Simpang,  sim^jiing',  a  village  of  Java,  near  Soerabaya, 
of  which  it  forms  a  kind  of  suburb. 

Simpang,  a  town  of  Borneo,  13  miles  from  the  S.W. 
coast,  21  miles  N.E.  of  Succadana,  near  the  confluence  of 
the  Matan  with  the  Simpang. 

Simpheropol,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  SisiFEnopOL. 

Sim'plon  (Fr.  pron.  silM'pliJ*"'),  a  mountain  of  Swit 
zerland,  between  the  Valais  and  Piedmont,  and  across  which 
was  carried  the  famous  Route  of  the  Simplon,  under  the 
orders  of  Napoleon.  This  road,  extending  from  Glys  (Va- 
lais) to  Domo  d'Ossola,  a  distance  of  nearly  38  miles,  is 
6592  feet  above  the  sea,  and  from  25  to  30  feet  in  width. 
It  is  carried  through  several  extensive  tunnels,  passes  over 
611  bridges,  is  furnished  with  20  station-houses  for  trav- 
ellers, and  was  completed  between  1800  and  1806. 

Simp'son,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Kentucky,  bor- 
dering on  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of  about  270  square 
miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  West  Fork  of  Big  Barren 
River  and  several  creeks.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and 
a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile, and  is  mostly  based  on  limestone.  Mai/.e,  tobacco, 
wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Louisville  A  Nashville  Railroad.  Capital, 
Franklin.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $5,500,000. 
Pop.  in  1870,  9573;  In  1880,  10,641. 

Simpson,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Mississippi, 
has  an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  Pearl  River,  and  intersected  by  Strong  River. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests 
of  pine  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  sandy.  Cotton,  Indian 
corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Westville. 
Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $696,560.  Pop.  in 
1870,  5718,  of  whom  5709  were  Americans;  in  1880,8003. 

Simpson,  a  township  of  Johnson  co..  III.     Pop.  916. 

Simi)Son,  a  stati()n  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  47 
miles  E.  of  Rawlins,  Wyoming. 

Simp'son  Island,  Pacific  Ocean,  in  Mulgrave  Archi- 
pelago, in  lat.  0°  30'  N.,  Ion.  173°  54'  E. 

Simpson's,  a  station  in  Fairfield  co.,  S.C.,  on  the 
Charlotte,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  32  miles  N.  of 
Columbia. 

Simpson's,  a  post-office   of  Floyd  co.,  Va. 

Simpson's  Corner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Penobscot  co., 
Me.,  in  Dixmont  township,  6  miles  S.  of  Etna  Station.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Simpson's  Creek,  township,  Horry  co.,  S.C.    P.  945. 

Simpson's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Taylor  co.,  W. 
Va.,  on  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  7i  miles  S.W.  of 
Grafton.     It  has  a  church. 

Simpson's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C. 

Simpson's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  White  co.,  Tenn., 
7i  miles  S.S.W.  of  Sparta.     It  has  a  seminary. 

Simpson's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co..  Pa. 

Simp'sonville,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Shelbyville  division  of  the  Louisville,  Cincinnati  <t 
Lexington  Railroad,  23  miles  E.  of  Louisville.  It  has  3 
churches  and  an  academy.     Pop.  239. 

Simpsonville,  a  post-village  of  Howard  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Middle  Patuxent  River,  about  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  linl- 
timore.  It  has  a  church,  a  woollen-mill,  and  1  or  2  grist- 
mills.    Pop.  about  200. 

Simpsonville,  a  township  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  1500. 


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Simpsonville,  a  post-village  of  Upshur  co.,  Tex., 
about  16  miles  N.W.  of  Gilmer.     It  has  several  churches. 

Sims,  simz,  a  township  of  Grant  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1185. 

Sims,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ellis  co.,  Tex.,  18  miles  from 
Ennis.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Simsbury,  slms'b^r-e,  a  post-village  in  Simsbury 
■township,  Hartford  co.,  Conn.,  on  Farmington  River,  and 
on  the  Connecticut  Western  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with 
the  Now  Haven  &  Northampton  Railroad,  42  miles  N.  of 
New  Haven.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  fuse-factory.  The 
-township  contains  a  larger  village,  named  Tariflfville.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  2051. 

Sims  Creek,  a  post-office  of  St.  Clair  co..  Mo. 

Sims  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Lampasas  co.,  Tex. 

Simsport,  simz'port,  a  post-village  of  Avoyelles  parish, 
La.,  on  Atchafalaya  Bayou,  about  60  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Baton  Rouge.    It  has  2  churches.    Post-office,  Simmesport. 

Sims  Store,  a  post-office  of  Caldwell  co.,  Ky. 

Sims'ville,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Ga. 

Simusir,  Kooril  Islands.    See  SisfoosEEn. 

Sin,  sin  or  seen,  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Shen-See, 
120  miles  S.B.  of  See-Ngan. 

Sin,  sis",  or  Sin-le-Noble,  sd,N»-l§h-nob'l,  a  town  of 
Jrance,  in  Nord,  2  miles  E.  of  Douai.     Pop.  2269. 
.     Si'nae  (Gr.  2I»'oi),  the  ancient  name  of  a.  people  inhabiting 
the  southeasternmost  part  of  Asia,  supposed  to  be  the  same 
as  the  Cochin-Chinese. 

Sinai,  si'ni  or  si'ni-i,  a  peninsula  between  the  Gulfs 
,of  Suez  and  Akabah,  the  scene  of  the  Israelite  wanderings 
in  the  desert,  is  about  140  miles  in  length  from  N.  to  S., 
and  as  much  in  breadth  at  its  N.  end,  whence  it  gradually 
.tapers  S.  to  its  extremity,  Ras-Mohammed,  in  the  Red 
Sea.  Lat.  27°  43'  N. ;  Ion.  34°  18'  E.  The  surface  is  gen- 
erally mountainous  and  rocky;  in  different  localities  of  it 
jare  hieroglyphic  and  other  ancient  inscriptions.  'The  high- 
est points  are  Mount  St.  Catharine  (8526  feet).  Mount 
Shomer  (8449  feet),  and  Mount  Serbal  (6734  feet).  The 
peninsula  is  under  Egyptian  administration. 

Sinai,  si'ni,  a  post-office  of  Anderson  co.,  Ky, 

Sinai  (si'nd  or  si'ni-i).  Mount,  a  mountain  of  Arabia 
Petraja,  famous  in  Scripture,  and  identified  with  the  Jebel- 
Moosa,  or  "Mount  of  Moses,"  one  of  a  cluster  of  moun- 
tains, of  which  Mount  lloreb  forms  a  part  of  the  N.  end. 
Lat.  of  Sinai,  28°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  34°  E.  On  its  N.E.  side  is 
the  fortified  convent  of  Sinai,  now  tenanted  by  about  20 
Greek  monks.  The  name  Uoreb  sometimes  appears  to  be 
a  general  name  for  the  mountain-group,  and  at  other  times 
it  is  synonymous  with  Sinai.  The  latter  mountain  is  prop- 
erly the  peak  called  Sufsafch,  on  the  N.W.  side  of  the 
mountain,  and  not  the  Jebel-Moosa  of  the  Arabs,  which  is 
the  S.E.  peak  of  the  same  mountains. 

Sinaioa,  a  state  of  Mexico.    See  Cinaloa. 

Sina  Longa,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Asi.valunga, 
.  Sinacuco,  se-ni-roo'ko,  a  river  of  Venezuela,  joins  the 
Orinoco  after  an  E,  course  of  100  miles. 

Sinay,  see^ni',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanders, 
16  miles  N.E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  4293. 

Sincapore,  India.    See  Singapore. 

Sin'clair,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co..  111.,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Jacksonville. 
Jt  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and  cigars. 

Sinclair,  a  post-office  of  Stone  co..  Mo. 

Sinclair,  a  post-office  of  Lexington  co.,  S.C. 

Sin'clairtown,  or  Saint  Clair'town,  a  village  of 
I  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife,  adjoining  Path-Head.     Pop.  2526. 
I      Sin'clairville,  a  post-village  in  Charlotte  township, 

!  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Dunkirk,  Alleghany  Valley 
&  Pittsburg  Railroad,  22  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Dunkirk.     It 
has  4  churches,  2  grist-mills,  2  tanneries,  a  cheese-factory, 
2  carriage-shops,  a  graded  school,  a  manufactory  of  farm- 
j  ing-implements,  and  a  printing-office.     Pop.  about  700. 
Sind,  Sinde,  slnd,  or  Sindh,  a  river  of  India,  be- 
tween the  Chumbul  and  Betwah  Rivers,  rises  near  Seronge, 
I  flows  N.E.  through  the  Gwalior  dominion,  and  between  it 
and  Bundelcund,  and  joins  the  Jumna  26  miles  S.E.  of 
Etawah.     Total  course,  220  miles. 

Sinde,  or  Scinde,  sind,  called  also  Sindh  and  Sindy 
(from  Siiidhoo  or  Sindhn,  a  "  collection  of  waters"),  a  prov- 
ince of  British  India,  now  annexed  to  the  presidency  of 
Pombay,  watered  by  the  Lower  Indus,  and  comprising  its 
!  delta,  extending  from  the  Indian  Ocean  N.  to  the  junction 
i  of  the  Chenaub  with  the  Indus,  between  lat.  23°  37'  and 
28°  32'  N.,  Ion.  66°  43'  and  71°  3'  E.     Area,  46,599  square 
miles.     Pop.  2,312,847.     It  is  bounded  W.  by  the  Beloochee 
I  Mountains,  and  extends  E.  into  the  Desert  of  Thurr,     The 
\  delta  is  encumbered  with  jungle  and  tall  grass,  and   the 
'  landa  bordering  it  are  poor,  destitute  of  fresh  water,  and, 


after  the  inundation,  incrusted  with  salt.  Upper  Sindo 
is  the  most  fertile  part  of  the  country,  being  irrigated  by 
canals,  and  yielding  rice,  wheat,  barley,  oil-seeds,  millet, 
opium,  indigo,  maize,  sugar-cane,  cotton,  pulse,  and  esculent 
vegetables,  with  dates,  mangoes,  plantains,  and  the  fruits 
common  to  Southern  Europe.  Much  of  the  country  has, 
however,  been  depopulated  and  laid  waste  for  hunting- 
grounds.  Mimosas,  banyans,  palms,  and  mangroves  are 
among  the  principal  trees.  Camels,  buffaloes,  sheep,  goats, 
horses,  and  asses  are  the  domestic  animals ;  wool  is  an  im- 
portant product,  and  is  manufactured  into  bags,  ropes,  and 
small  cloths.  Climate  extremely  sultry  and  dry,  and  epi- 
demic diseases  are  frequent  and  destructive.  Tigers,  hye- 
nas, wolves,  and  other  formidable  animals  are  numerous, 
and  crocodiles  swarm  in  the  pools  of  the  delta.  Coarse 
cloths,  felt,  mats,  arms,  leather,  horse-furniture,  earthen- 
wares, cotton,  silk,  and  embroidered  fabrics  are  made  in  the 
towns,  but  few  manufactured  goods  are  fit  for  exportation; 
the  exports  consisting  chiefly  of  the  natural  produce,  rice 
and  other  grains,  ghee,  hides,  fish,  wool,  salt  and  nitre 
from  the  soil,  oil  and  oil-seeds,  bark,  alkalies,  firewood, 
opium,  tobacco,  camels,  and  horses.  Imports  are  chiefly 
manufactured  goods,  madder  and  other  dyes,  groceries, 
metals,  gems,  timber,  cordage,  bamboos,  and  dried  fruits. 
Kurrachee,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Indus,  is  the  chief  port  and 
seat  of  foreign  trade.  The  inhabitants  are  partly  Hindoos, 
partly  Beloochces  and  Mohammedans,  the  lower  classes  of 
the  latter  being  of  the  Sunnee  and  the  upper  or  ameers  of 
the  Shiah  sect.  Until  lately  the  country  was  governed  by 
the  ameers,  who  exercised  an  aristocratic  military  despotism ; 
but,  after  open  hostilities  had  been  evinced  by  them  against 
the  British,  their  power  was  completely  broken  by  the  forces 
under  Sir  C,  Napier  in  1844,  and  Sinde  became  a  British 
dependency.  Chief  towns,  Hyderabad  (the  capital),  Shi- 
karpoor,  Khyerpoor,  Kurrachee,  Tatta,  Meerpoor,  Halla, 
Larkhana,  and  Roree.  The  country  is  traversed  by  2  lines 
of  railway,  and  has  important  facilities  for  navigation  af- 
forded by  the  Indus  and  its  arms. 

Sindelfingen,  sin'd§l-fing^en,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg, 
9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  3718. 

Sindh,  or  Sindhu.     See  Indus,  Sixd,  and  Sinde, 

Sindhoo,  or  Sindhu,  the  Sanscrit  name  of  the  Indus. 

Sindhoo,  or  Sindhu,  a  province  of  India.  See  Sinde, 

Sindia,  or  Sindhia.    See  Sinde. 

Sindim,  sin-decN"',  or  Sendim,sfin-deeN<»',  a  town  of 
Portugal,  in  Beira,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Lamego.     Pop.  1624. 

Sindorskoe,  sin-doR'sko-i,  a  lake  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment of  Vologda,  85  miles  N.N. E.  of  Oost-Sysolsk.  Length, 
12  miles,  by  5  miles  in  breadth. 

Sindy,  a  province  of  India.    See  Sinde. 

Si'neath's,  a  station  in  Charleston  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
South  Carolina  Railroad,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Charleston, 

Sinendrij,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Sin.va. 

Sin^epux'ent.  Bay,  of  Worcester  co.,  Md.,  a  long, 
narrow  bay,  situated  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  has  an  inlet  of 
its  own  name,  which  is  in  about  38°  10'  N.  lat. 

Sines,  see'nds,  atown  of  Portugal,  in  Alemtejo,  40  miles 
S.W.  of  Alcacer  do  Sal.  Pop.  3148.  It  was  the  birthplace 
of  Vasco  da  Gama. 

Sineu,  se-n6h'oo,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Majorca,  20 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Palma.     Pop.  3257. 

Sin'ew,  a  river  of  British  America,  rises  on  the  E.  side 
of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  about  lat.  66°  N.,  flows  N.E.,  and 
joins  the  Peace  River,  after  a  course  of  about  100  miles. 

Sineya,  Sineia,  or  Sineja,  se-nA'y&.  a  river  of  Rus- 
sia, rises  S.W.  of  Sebesh,  government  of  Vitebsk,  flows  N 
through  the  government  of  Pskov,  and,  turning  E.,  joini 
the  Velikaia  15  miles  above  Ostrov.   Total  course,  100  miles. 

Singae,  sin'jak,  a  post-hamlet  of  Passaic  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Passaic  River,  5  miles  W.S.W.  of  Paterson.  It  has  a 
carpet-factory  and  a  saw-mill.  It  is  on  the  Montclair  & 
Greenwood  Lake  Railroad,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Newark, 

Singalapetta,  India,    See  Chingleput, 

Singali,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Sinjar. 

Si-Ngan,  or  Singan,  China.    See  See-Ngan. 

Singapore,  sing'ga-pore',  or  Singapoor,  sing'ga- 
poor'  (formerly  written  and  often  pronounced  by  Europeans 
Sinc'apore),  one  of  the  Straits  Settlements  belonging 
to  Great  Britain,  consisting  of  an  island  off  theS.  extremity 
of  the  Malay  Peninsula,  separated  from  the  mainland  by  a 
strait  in  one  part  only  i  mile  across,  and  having  on  its  S. 
side  a  town  of  the  same  name.  Lat.  1°  17'  N.;  Ion.  103°  60' 
47"  E.  Length  of  island,  27  miles;  breadth,  11  miles.  Area, 
224  square  miles.  Pop.  97,111,  Surface  generally  low, 
undulating,  and  densely  wooded.  Soil  mostly  clay,  resting 
on  sandstone  and  granite.  The  climate  is  healthy.  The 
island  is  infested  by  tigers,  whose  numbers  are  reputed  to 


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0«  reiaforo«d  from  the  mainland,  from  which  thoy  can  eoaily 
twiiii.  Shuirora  aro  frequent;  and  the  annual  full  of  rain 
\a  about  lUU  inches.  Chief  product)),  Uipiuca,  coouii-nut  oil, 
gambior,  und  fruits.  The  island  is  chiotly  valuable  as  a 
depot  for  the  British  and  Indian  trade  with  the  islands  of 
the  Eastern  »eas.  Rice  is  imported  from  Java,  Denial,  and 
Sumatra,  and  live-stock  from  Malacca.  Some  manufactures 
of  iicarl-sagu,  agricultural  imploincnts,  and  arms  are  car- 
ried on  by  the  Chinese,  who,  with  British  residents,  are  the 
principal  merchants.  Exports,  teul(,  tin,  pepper,  gutta- 
percha, sago,  gambior,  rice,  oolfoe,  sugar,  caoutchouo,liide8, 
gums,  tapioca,  camphor,  nutmegs,  canes,  oils,  outch,  Ao. 
Imports,  cottons,  woollens,  arms,  iron,  copper,  linens,  coal, 
hardware,  earthenware,  beer  and  alo,  glass,  apparel,  guano, 
&o.  Singapore  was  purchased  from  the  Sultan  of  Juhore 
(Malay  Peninsula)  and  settled  by  the  English  in  1S19. 
Since  then  it  has  rapidly  risen  into  importance. 

Singapore  (ano.  ^inghapura,  "city  of  the  lion"),  a 
town  of  India,  capital  of  the  above  colony,  and  of  the  Straits 
Settlements,  is  on  the  S.E.  coast,  on  a  small  river,  in  an  open 
bay,  with  an  anchorage  2  miles  from  the  shore.  It  is  regu- 
larly laid  out,  well  built,  and  divided  into  Malay,  Chinese, 
and  European  quarters.  The  chief  residence  of  the  Euro- 
peans is  on  a  hill,  160  feet  above  the  sea,  about  1  mile  in- 
ij\nd.  It  has  a  lunatic  asylum,  nnd  a  hospital  for  lepers. 
Pop.  56,000.  Chief  ediBces,  town  hall,  court-house,  jail, 
custom-house,  cathedral,  and  college.  It  has  convenient 
quays,  and  goods  are  shipped  and  unshipped  by  lighters; 
vessels  of  large  burden  lying  in  the  roads,  from  1  to  2  miles 
distant.     It  is  protected  by  a  vast  system  of  fortifications. 

Siiigboom,  sing'boom',  Singbhoom,  or  Sing> 
bhuni,  sing'b'hoom'  (native,  .S/iiAi/ji((M,sin'b'hoom'),  adis- 
trict  of  Bengal.  Lat.  21°  59'-22°  63'  N. ;  Ion.  86°-87°  E. 
Area,  450.'5  square  miles.  It  is  a  rocky  hill-region,  abound- 
ing in  serpents  and  wild  beasts.  Capital,  Chaibasi^a.  Pop. 
416,023, 

Sing-Chingf  a  city  of  China.    See  Cantox. 

Siiigeii,  sing'§n,  a  town  of  Baden,  6  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Rodolfszell.     Pop.  1674. 

Sing'er's  Glen,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham  co.,'Va., 
4  miles  W.  of  Linville  Station.  It  has  a  church,  and  a 
printing-ofBce  which  publishes  periodicals. 

Singhala  and  Singhalese.     See  Ceylon. 

Singhamp'ton,  or  Mad  River  Mills,  a  post-village 
in  Simcoo  co.,  Ontario,  13  miles  S.  of  Collingwood.  It  has 
a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  100. 

Singhapura,  the  ancient  name  of  Sinoaporg. 

Singidunum,  the  ancient  name  of  Belgrade. 

Singilei,  or  Singhiici,  sin-ghe-14'e,  written  also 
Singilijew,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  23  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Simbeersk,  on  the  Volga.     Pop.  3601. 

Singkel,  sing'kil',  a  town  of  Sumatra,  on  the  W.  coast, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Singkel,  in  lat,  2°  16'  N. 

Singletaryviile,  sIng'g9l-ta-ro-vil,  a  post-ofBce  of 
Williamsburg  co.,  S.C. 

Singleton,  slng'g^l-tpn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Winston  co.. 
Miss.,  about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Columbus.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Singde,  sin'go'§h,  an  island  of  Sweden,  in  the  Baltic, 
20  miles  W.  of  the  Aland  Islands. 

SingO'Sarie,  sing'go-si'ree,  a  village  of  Java,  prov- 
ince of  Passoeroean,  with  the  remains  of  one  of  the  finest 
temples  in  Java. 

Sing  Sing,  a  post-village  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y,,  in 
Ossining  township,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Hudson  River, 
and  on  the  Hudson  River  Railroad,  32  miles  N.  of  New 
York.  It  is  beautifully  situated  on  a  long  acclivity,  the 
upper  part  of  which  is  about  200  feet  higher  than  the 
river  and  is  occupied  by  elegant  villas.  The  river,  here 
called  Tappan  Sea  or  Bay,  is  3  miles  wide  opposite  Sing 
Sing,  and  flows  through  very  picturesque  scenery.  Sing 
Sing  contains  7  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank, 
4  military  boarding-schools,  the  Mount  Pleasant  Academy, 
a  seminary  for  young  ladies,  a  school  called  Trinity  College, 
and  printing-offices  which  issue  3  weekly  newspapers. 
Here  is  also  one  of  the  New  York  state  prisons,  which  is 
located  immediately  on  the  bank  of  the  river.  The  build- 
ings of  this  prison  aro  constructed  of  limestone.  The  main 
edifice  is  484  feet  long,  44  feet  wide,  and  5  stories  high. 
Some  of  the  convicts  are  employed  in  mechanic  arts.  The 
number  of  convicts  in  1878  was  1C26.  The  Croton  Aque- 
duct passes  through  this  village,  and  is  carried  over  a 
ravine  on  an  arch  of  masonry  of  88  feet  span.  The  state 
prison  is  enclosed  by  a  wall  26  feet  high.  Sing  Sing  has  a 
largo  stove-foundry,  a  water-pipe-foundry,  manufactures 
of  hats,  cotton-gins,  files,  lime,  and  shoes,  and  a  book- 
binderj.     Pop.  in  1880,  6578. 


8iniKaglia,8e-ne  g&ry&,  or  Scnigallia  (ano. .Tt'iia, 
or  Se'Htt  6'<ir/ic(i),  Htown  of  Italy,  on  the  Misa,  at  iti  uiouth 
in  the  Adriatic,  16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ancoim.  Pop.  48j:!. 
It  hiia  a  cathedral,  convents,  mint,  thoiitre,  a  small  hurbur' 
and  a  celebrated  annual  fair  in  July  and  Augunt. 

Si-Ning-Fuu,  a  town  of  China.     See  Skk-Xino-Foo. 

Siuiooklia,  Siuioukha,  or  Siuiukha,  sc-no-ooKi, 
a  river  of  Russia,  government  of  Kiev,  and  between  Khcr' 
son  and  Podolia,  after  a  S.E.  and  S.  course  of  nearly  liO 
miles,  joins  the  Bug  at  Olviopol. 

Siniscola,  se-nis'ko-l4,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sar. 
dinia,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Nuoro.     Pop.  2604. 

Sin^ar',  or  Singali,  sin-gA'lee',  a»town  of  Ailati« 
Turkey,.  70  miles  W.  of  Mosul. 

Siiyar  Hills,  a  range  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  about  liO 
miles  in  length  by  7  to  U  miles  in  breadth,  between  llio 
Khaboor  and  Tigris.  They  are  covered  with  oak  forcnj 
and  fig-  and  vino-))lantations,  interspersed  with  villages, 

Siiyawka,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Sintavka. 

Sink'ing  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Craig  co.,  Va.,  25 
miles  N.AV.  of  Salem. 

Sinking  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Christian  co.,  Ky. 

Sinking  Spring,  a  post-village  in  Brush  Creek  town- 
ship.  Highland  co.,  0.,  on  Brush  Creek,  about  30  miles  S.W. 
of  Chillicothe.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  woollen-factory. 
Pop.  200. 

Sinking  Spring,  a  post-village  in  Spring  township, 
Berks  CO.,  Pa,,  on  the  Lebanon  Valley  and  Reading  k  Vi>. 
lumbia  Railroads,  6  miles  W.  of  Reading.  It  has  several 
stores  and  taverns. 

Sinking  Spring,  a  post-offlce  of  Sevier  co.,  Tenn, 

Sinking  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Blair  co,.  Pa,,  about 
12  miles  N,E.  of  Altoona. 

Sink's  Grove,  a  post-villnge  of  Monroe  co.,  W.  Va,, 
6  miles  S,  of  Fort  Spring  Depot,  It  has  2  churches.  Pop. 
about  200. 

Sin>le>Noble,  a  town  of  Franco.    Sec  Six. 

Sinn,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey.    See  Sexn. 

Sinn,  Sinn,  a  river  of  Germany,  after  a  S.  course  of  -10 
miles,  joins  the  Saale  near  its  influ.x  into  the  Main. 

Sinna,8in'ni,  Senna,  sdn'ni,  or  Sincndrij,  se-nJn'- 
drij',  a  town  of  Persia,  in  Irak-Ajemee,  cn])ital  of  the  dis- 
trict of  Ardelan,  80  miles  W.N.W.  of  Haiiiadan.  It  is  of 
comparatively  modern  origin,  and  has  an  imposing  appear- 
ance.    In  its  vicinity  is  a  very  extensive  public  garden, 

Sinnai,  sin-ni',  a  town  of  the  island  of  Sardinia,  8 
miles  N.E.  of  Cagliari.     Pop,  2920, 

Sin^nemaho'ning,  or  Sin^namaho'ning,  a  post- 
village  of  Cameron  co..  Pa.,  on  Sinnemahoning  Creek,  :ind 
on  the  Philadelphia  ik  Erie  Railroad,  52  miles  W.N.W, 
of  Lock  Haven.     It  has  a  flour-mill  nnd  a  lumber-mill. 

Sinnemahoning  Creek,  of  Pennsylvania,  enters 
the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  in  Clinton  co. 

Sin'nett's  Mills,  a  post-ottice  of  Ritchie  co.,  W.  Va. 

Sinnie,  a  river  of  Guinea.     See  Ancobeu. 

Sinnimari,  or  Sinnamary,  seen'ni'miVee',  a  river 
of  French  Guiana,  enters  the  Atlantic  78  miles  N.W.  of 
Cayenne,  after  a  N.  course  of  200  miles.  At  its  mouth  ij 
the  village  of  Sinnimari. 

Sinno,  sin'no  (anc.  Si'ris),  a  river  of  Italy,  in  Basil!- 
cata,  flows  E.,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of  Taranto  19  miles  S.W. 
of  the  mouth  of  the  Br.adano,     Length,  00  miles, 

Sinnore,  sin'nor',  a  town  of  India,  Baroda  dominions, 
on  the  Nerbudda,  26  miles  E.N.E,  of  Baroach. 

Sinope,  sin'o-pe  (Turk.  Sinoob,  Sitiotih,  or  Sinnh,  see*- 
noob'),  a  seoport  town  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the  Black  Sea,  75 
miles  W.N.W,  of  Samsoon,  in  lat,  42°  2'  12"  N.,  Ion.  35° 
12'  30"  E,  Pop,  about  8000,  It  is  on  an  isthmus  con- 
necting a  high,  rooky  peninsula  with  the  miiinland,  nnd 
has  on  its  S,W,  side  the  best  port  on  the  N.  co.ist  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  Its  walls,  composed  of  fragments  of  Byzantine 
architecture,  are  ivy-clad,  and  overhang  deep  womled 
ravines  crossed  by  high  and  narrow  bridges.  Many  of  Us 
buildings  arc  surrounded  by  gardens.  Its  exports  consist 
of  timber,  salt,  cordage,  fish,  nnd  oil, 

Sinopoli,  sin-op'o-le,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Reggio  di  Calabria,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Reggio.  Pop.  2212, 
Sinopoli  iNFEnionE,  sin-op'o-le  in-fi-re-o'ri,  is  a  village 
immediately  S.W,  of  the  above, 

Sinou,  se-noo',  a  little  river  of  Liberia,  falls  into  the 
Atlantic  near  5°  N,  lat,  and  9°  W,  Ion, 

Sins,  seens,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Grisoni, 
on  a  hill,  in  the  Lower  Engadine  Valley,     Pop.  932. 

Sinsheim,  sins'hime,  a  town  of  Baden,  14  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Heidelberg.     Pop.  2740. 

Sinsin'awa  Monnd,  a  post-village  of  Grant  «o^ 
Wis.,  6  miles  E.  of  Dubuque,  Iowa.    It  has  a  church  ond 


BIN 


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SIR 


a  Catholic  academy  for  girls.  Here  is  a  mound  which  is 
described  as  a  truncated  cone,  formed  partly  of  Niagara 
limestone,  several  hundred  feet  high. 

Sin'ta  Bayou,  bi'oo,  of  Alabama,  flows  into  the  Tom- 
bigbce  near  Coffeeville. 

Sin^-Tchoo',  or  Sin-Tcheon,  sinVhe-oo'  or  sin*- 
chew',  a  town  of  China,  province  of  Quang-See.  Lat.  23° 
20'  N.;  Ion.  110°  E. 

Sinu,  or  Zinu,  see-noo',  a  river  of  the  United  States 
of  Colombia,  rises  in  Cauca,  about  lat.  7°  N.,  flows  first 
N.E.,  then  N.N.W.,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  200  miles, 
falls  into  the  Bay  of  Morrosquillo,  in  the  Caribbean  Sea. 

Sinub,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Sinope. 

Sinus  iSlaniticus.     See  Gulf  op  Akabah. 

Sinus  Ambracius.    See  Gulp  op  Arta. 

Sinus  CodanuS)  the  ancient  name  of  the  Baltic. 

Sinus  Doridis.     See  Gulp  op  Symi. 

Sinus  Eindanus  (or  Dollarius).    See  Dollart. 

Sinus  Issicus.    See  Bay  op  Iskasderoos. 

Sinus  Pelasgicus.    See  Gulp  op  Volo. 

Sinus  Saronicus.    See  Gulf  op  ^gina. 

Sinus  Squilacius.    See  Gulp  op  Squillace. 

Sinyavka,  Siniavka,  or  Sinjawka,  sin-yiv'ki,  a 
town  of  Russia,  in  the  Don  Cossack  country,  45  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Novo-Chorkask,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mertvoi- 
Donets  in  the  Sea  of  Azof. 

Sinzheim,  sints'hime,  a  village  of  Germany,  3  miles 
W.  of  Baden.     Pop.  3321. 

Sinzig,  sint'siG,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  20  miles 
N.W.  of  Coblentz,  near  the  left  bank  of  the  Rhine.  P.  2054. 

Siohara,  India.    See  Seoiiara. 

Si'ou,  or  Zi'on,  a  hill  or  mountain  of  Palestine,  on 
which  Jerusalem. was  partly  built. 

Sion,  see^iso',  a  village  of  France,  in  Loire-Inf6rieure, 
12  miles  W.  of  Ch^tcaubriant.     Pop.  of  commune,  2319. 

Sion,  see^n',  a  town  and  fort  of  India,  at  the  N.  end 
of  the  island  of  Bombay,  with  a  causeway  communication 
with  the  island  of  Salsette. 

Sion,  see^dx"'  (Ger,  Sitten,  sit' t^n;  ano.  Sedu'num),  a 
town  of  Switzerland,  capital  of  the  canton  of  Valais,  near 
the  Rhone,  50  miles  S.  of  Bern.  Pop.  4895.  It  is  a  bishop's 
Bee,  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  3  castles. 

Sioot,  Siout,  Siut,  or  Syoot,  se-oot',  written  also 
Osioot,  Assioot,  or  £s  Siout  (anc.  Lyeop'olis),  the 
principal  town  and  capital  of  Upper  Egypt,  near  the  Nile, 
in  lat.  27°  11'  14"  N.,  Ion.  31°  14'  E.,  228  miles  by  rail  S. 
of  Cairo.  Pop.  27,470.  It  is  the  largest  and  best-built 
town  S.  of  Cairo,  and  has  well-supplied  bazaars,  handsome 
mosques,  a  palace,  public  baths,  a  government  school,  and 
ia.  cotton-factory.  It  was  until  lately  the  principal  seat  of 
[the  slave-trade  in  Egypt,  and  is  the  resort  of  the  caravans 
jjoming  into  that  country  from  Darfoor.  It  is  also  an  im- 
portant military  station,  and  has  a  large  manufactory  of 
jpipe-bowls.  Around  it  are  traces  of  the  ancient  city,  and 
in  the  adjacent  mountains,  W.  of  the  Nile,  are  tombs,  grot- 
,toes,  and  catacombs. 

■  Sioux,  soo,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Iowa,  borders 
|3n  South  Dakota.  Area,  about  768  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  VV.  by  the  Sioux  River,  and  intersected  by 
(Rock  River  and  Willow  Creek.  The  soil  is  fertile.  This 
county  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis 
'fc  Omaha  Railroad,  the  Sioux  City  <fe  Northern  Railroad, 
(ind  other  railroads.  Capital,  Orange  City.  Pop.  in  1870, 
:)76;  in  1875,  3220;  in  1880,  5426;  in  1890,  18,:{70. 
;  Sioux,  a  township  ot  Plymouth  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  246. 
;  Sioux  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Sioux  co.,  Iowa. 
:  Sioux  City,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Woodbury  co.,  Iowa, 
s  situated  on  the  B.  Ijank  of  the  Missouri  River,  at  the 
'nouth  of  Floyd  River,  1  or  2  miles  below  the  mouth  of  the 
|3ig  Siou.K  River,  and  125  miles  above  Omaha.  By  rail- 
oad  it  is  327  miles  W.  of  Dubuque,  61  miles  E.S.E.  of 
.fankton,  and  about  100  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Council  Bluffs. 
,.t  is  a  terminus  of  5  important  railroads,  namely,  the  Illi- 
lois  Central  or  Dubuque  <fc  Sioux  City,  the  Dakota  Southern, 
:he  Sioux  City  <fe  St.  Paul,  the  Sioux  City  k  Pacific,  and  the 
I'lioux  City  &  Pembina.  It  contains  a  now  court-house,  9 
^hurches,  a  high  school,  an  academy  of  music  which  cost 
;S0,0OO,  a  fine  hotel,  2  national  banks,  a  private  bank,  a 
avings-bank,  gas-works,  an  iron-foundry,  a  machine-shop, 
leveral  flour-mills,  a  soap-factory,  an  oil-mill,  some  car- 
Ind  machine-shops  of  the  Sioux  City  A  St.  Paul  Railroad, 
ilie  Sioux  City  West  Side  School,  which  cost  $25,000,  and 
'rinting-offices  which  issue  1  daily  and  3  weekly  news- 
apers.    Pop.  in  1870,  3401  ;  in  1880,  7306;  in  1890,37,806. 

Sioux  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Barron  co.,  AVis. 

Sioux  Falls,  a  post-villnge,  capital  of  Minnehaha  co., 
',.D.,  is  on  the  Big  Sioux  River,  and  on  a  branch  of  the 
156 


Sioux  City  k  St.  Paul  Railroad,  about  60  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Yankton.  It  has  a  court-house,  2  banking-houses,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  money-order  post-oflice,  a  United  States 
land-office,  3  churches,  and  a  flour-mill.  P.  (1890)  10,177. 
The  river  here  falls  nearly  100  feet. 

Sioux  Falls  Junction,  a  station  in  Nobles  co.,  Minn., 
on  the  Sioux  City  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  4  miles  S.W.  of 
Worth ington,  at  the  junction  of  a  branch  which  extends  to 
Sioux  Falls. 

Sioux  Rap'ids,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Bucna  Vista 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Little  Sioux  River,  20  miles  N.  of  Storm 
Lake  Station,  and  about  60  miles  W.N.W.  of  Fort  Dodge. 
It  is  partly  in  Barnes  township  and  partly  in  Lee  township. 
It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  church,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Sioux  River,  South  Dakota.    See  Big  Sioux  River. 

Sioux  Valley,  township,  Jackson  co.,  Minn.   Pop. 327. 

Sioux  Valley,  a  hamlet  of  Union  co.,  S.D.,  on  the 
Sioux  River,  about  50  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Yankton. 

Sipan  Dagh,  se-pdn'  dig,  a  mountain  of  Turkish  Ar- 
menia, 40  miles  N.W.  of  Van,  on  the  N.  side  of  Lake  Van. 
Supposed  elevation,  11,000  feet. 

Sipe's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Fulton  co..  Pa.,  about  22 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Bedford. 

Sipe  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Comanche  co.,  Texas, 
about  20  miles  N.  of  Comanche.     Pop.  172. 

Sipesville,  sips'vil,  a  post-bamlet  of  Somerset  co..  Pa., 
7  miles  N.  of  Somerset,  and  about  56  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pitts- 
burg.    It  has  a  store. 

Siphanto,  sif'an-to  or  see'fdn-to  (ano.  Siph'noa),  an 
island  of  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  government  and  25 
miles  S.W.  of  Syra.  Area,  34  square  miles.  Pop.  3656. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  The  chief  products  are  corn,  silk,  figs, 
wax,  and  honey.  In  ancient  times  the  island  had  mines 
of  gold  and  silver. 

Sipontum,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Manpredonia. 

Sipotuba,  se-po-too'bi,  an  auriferous  river  of  Brazil, 
rises  in  the  province  of  Matto-Grosso,  in  lat.  13°  50'  S.,  re- 
ceiving the  Taperapoan,  Juva,  and  Jaranbahiba,  and,  pro- 
ceeding S.  for  about  200  miles  in  a  course  nearly  parallel 
to  that  of  the  Paraguay,  joins  that  river  on  the  right,  about 
20  miles  above  Villa  Maria. 

Sippican,  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.     See  Mariov. 

Sip'sey  Creek,  Alabama,  runs  in  a  S.S.E.  direction, 
intersects  Winston  co.,  and  enters  the  Mulberry  River  in 
AValker  co.,  about  12  miles  E.  of  Jasper,  It  is  nearly  100 
miles  long. 

Sipsey  River,  Alabama,  rises  near  the  W.  border  of 
Winston  co.,  and  runs  southward  through  the  cos.  of  Fay- 
ette and  Tuscaloosa.  It  enters  the  Tombigbee  River  about 
20  miles  N.W.  of  Eutaw.     It  is  nearly  150  miles  long. 

Sipsey  Turnpike,  a  post-office  of  Tuscaloosa  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  Sipsey  River,  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Tuscaloosa. 

Sir,  a  mouth  of  the  Indus.     See  Seer. 

Sirang,  island,  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Ceram. 

Sirault,  see'ro',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Ilainault,  » 
miles  W.  of  Mons.     Pop.  2673. 

Sir  Charles  Hardy's  Islands.  See  Hardy's  Is- 
lands. 

Sircy,  a  town  of  India.    See  Sirsee. 

Sir-Daria.     See  Jaxartes,  and  Syr-Darya. 

Sirdarud,  sirM4-rood',  a  village  of  Persia,  province 
of  Azerbaijan,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Tabreez. 

Sirdhuna,  or  Sardhana,  surd-hun'&,  a  town  of  In- 
dia, 37  miles  N.N.E.  of  Delhi.    Pop.  12,469. 

Sir  Edward  Pellew  Islands.  See  Pellew  Islands. 

Sireth,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Sereth. 

Sir  Ev'erard  Home's  Islands,  a  cluster  of  islands 
off  the  N.E.  coast  of  Australia,  extending  about  4  miles 
from  Cape  Grenville,  in  lat.  11°  57'  40"  S.,  Ion.  143°  11'  B. 

Sir  Francis  Drake's  Bay,  in  California,  about  30 
miles  W.N.W.  of  San  Francisco,  lat.  38°  N.,  Ion.  122°  50'  W. 

Sir  George  Clark's  Isle,  an  island  in  the  Arctic 
Ocean,  in  lat.  69°  30'  N.,  Ion.  118°  40'  W. 

Sirgoojah,  sir-goo'ja,  or  Sargiya,  siir-goo'ja,  a  na- 
tive state  of  Bengal,  in  Chuta-Nagpoor.  Lat.  22°  37.5'-24° 
6.5'  N. ;  Ion.  82°  32'-84°  7'  E.  Area,  6103  square  miles.  It 
is  a  pleasant  and  fertile  hill-country,  with  coal  and  valuable 
ores,  but  is  nearly  enclosed  by  mountain-ranges.  The 
people  are  of  various  hill-tribes.  Capital,  a  village  called 
Sirgoojah,  or  Bisrampoor.  The  chief  has  the  title  of  Maha- 
rajah.    Pop.  182,831. 

Sirhina,  sir-hind',  a  fortress  and  town  of  India,  in  the 
protected  Sikh  territory,  27  miles  N.W.  of  Umballah. 

Sirhind,  a  territorial  division  of  India,  comprising  the 
great  plain  between  the  Jumna  and  Sutlej.  Lat.  29°  3-31 '^ 
24'  N.;  Ion.  73°  50'-77°  39'  E.  Area,  8199  square  miles, 
exclusive  of  British  districts.     Pop.  2,198,800. 


SIR 


2474 


SIT 


Siricasa^  the  Italian  name  of  Stracdrr. 

Sir>i>Kolf  slr^ee-kol'  or  seor^oe-kol',  a  lake  in  Asia,  on 
the  Pamoer  Plateau,  forming  the  source  of  the  river  Amoo- 
Darya.  Elevation,  15,tt00  feet.  It  is  called  Victoria  by 
£nf;li8h  writers. 

Sirinngnr,  a  city  of  Cashmere.    See  SBniNAflnR. 

Siri  Pool,  see'roe  pool,  a  town  of  Asia,  on  the  N.  slope 
of  the  Huzareh  Mountains,  45  miles  S.W,  of  Baikh,  in  lat. 
860  21'  N.,  Ion.  6(5°  28'  E.  Pop.  15,000.  It  is  the  capiUl 
of  a  khanato  of  the  same  name,  one  of  the  Four  Domains 
of  Afj^han  Toorkistan. 

Siris,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Sinno. 

Sir«i*Sungahf  8lr-oe-san'g&,  a  fort  of  Afghanistan, 
S2  miles  S.W.  of  Cabool,  on  the  route  to  Ghuznee. 

Sir  James  Smith's  Islands,  part  of  the  Cumber- 
land group,  off  the  N.E.  coast  of  Australia.  The  principal 
island,  called  Linne  Peak,  is  in  lat.  20°  40'  30"  S.,  Ion. 
140°  9'  10"  E. 

Siijan,  a  city  of  Persia.    See  Errvan. 

Sir  John's  Island,  Ontario.    See  Howk  Islanr. 

Sir  John's  Run,  ajjost-hamletof  Morgan  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Potomac  River  and  the  Baltimore  <t  Ohio  Railroad, 
60  miles  E.  of  Cumborland.     It  has  a  church  and  a  mill. 

Sir  Joseph  Banks'  Islands.    See  Banks' Islands. 

Sirmio,  or  Sirmione.    Soo  Skrmio.vi;. 

Sirmore,  sir-mOr',  or  Surmoor,  sur-moor',  one  of  the 

Srotected  Sikh  states  of  India,  between  the  Sutlcj  and 
umna  Rivers,  on  the  route  between  Seharunpoor  and  Be- 
laspoor.  The  surface  is  hilly.  Area,  1096  square  miles. 
Pop.  90,000.  It  produces  wheat,  barley,  tobacco,  opium, 
cotton,  timber,  and  iron.  The  principal  town  is  Nahan,  30 
miles  E.N.B.  of  Umballah,  in  lat.  31°  N.,  Ion.  77°  E. 

Sirnach,  seou'n&K,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Thurgau,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Constance.     Pop.  3141. 

Sirohi,  India.    See  Serohee. 

Sir  Uungaputtun,  India.    See  Seringapatam. 

Sirsa,  sur'sa,  or  Sir'suh,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of 
Bhattiana,  48  uiiles  W.N.W.  of  Hissar.  Pop.  11,000.  See 
also  Bhattiana. 

Sir'see,  a  town  of  India,  in  Rohilcund.     Pop.  6147. 

Sirsee,  or  Sircy,  a  town  of  India,  in  North  Canara, 
35  miles  N.E.  of  Honawar.     Pop.  5285. 

Siruela,  scer-wd'l&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  92 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  4152. 

Sirwan,  sir-win',  a  ruined  city  of  Persian  Koordistan, 
65  miles  S.W.  of  Kermansh.ah.  Lat.  33°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  46° 
25'  E.  It  presents  the  most  perfect  remains  of  a  Sassanian 
city  to  be  found  in  Persia.  'The  buildings  are  composed  of 
massive  stone  walls,  and  some  of  the  dwellings  are  per- 
fectly preserved,  with  ancient  paintings  in  gome  of  the 
vaults  appearing  quite  fresh.  It  is  considered  to  occupy 
the  site  of  the  more  ancient  Celonx. 

Sis,  sis  or  sees,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  40  miles  N.E.  of 
Adana,  on  the  Jyhoon,  S.  of  Mount  Taurus,  and  the  see  of 
an  Armenian  patriarch. 

Sis,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  21  miles  S.W.  of  Seevas,  on 
the  Kizil-Irmak. 

Sisal,  so-s4l',  a  seaport  town  of  Yucatan,  on  its  N.W. 
coast,  30  miles  N.W,  of  Merida,  in  lat.  21°  10'  6"  N.,  Ion. 
90°  2'  45"  W.     Population  mostly  Indians. 

Sisante,  sc-sHn'ti.,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  45 
miles  S.W.  of  Cuenca.     Pop.  3349. 

Sisapo,  or  Sisapon.    See  Almaden  db  la  Plata. 

Sisarga,  se-saR'gi,  a  group  of  islets  off  the  N.W.  coast 
of  Spain,  in  Galicia,  province  and  23  miles  W.  of  Corunna. 

Siseboli,  or  Sizeboli,  se-sdb'o-le  (anc.  Apollotiia, 
afterwards  Sozop'olis),  a  town  of  Eastern  Rouraelia,  on  the 
Black  Sea,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Gulf  of  Boorghas,  SO 
miles  N.E.  of  Adrianople.  It  has  one  of  the  best  harbors 
on  the  Black  Sea,  and  is  mo.stly  inhabited  by  Greeks. 

Siskiyou,  sis'k^-yoo,  sometimes  pronounced  sis'e-kew, 
A  county  in  the  N.  part  of  California,  borders  on  Oregon. 
It  is  about  100  miles  long  and  50  miles  wide,  and  has  an 
area  of  nearly  5000  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Klamath  River,  and  partly  drained  by  the  Sacramento. 
The  surface  is  diversified  by  rugged  mountains,  deep  caiions, 
barren  table-lands,  and  "lava-beds."  Extensive  forests  of 
pine,  cedar,  and  other  evergreen  trees  grow  on  the  high- 
lands. The  most  prominent  feature  of  the  county  is  Mount 
Shasta,  an  isolated  peak,  which  has  an  altitude  of  14,440 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  (See  Mount  Shasta.)  Vol- 
canic rocks  abound  in  this  county.  Among  its  minerals  are 
gold,  quartz,  granite,  and  basalt.  The  soil  of  the  valleys 
is  partly  fertile.  Cattle,  wheat,  hay,  barley,  and  oats  are 
the  staple  products.  Capital,  Yreka.  Valuation  of  real  and 
personal  estate,  $4,002,047.  Poj).  in  1870,  6848,  of  whom 
1321  were  Americans;  in  1880,  8610. 


Sislavich,  siB'l&-viK\  or  Sislawitz,  Bi8'l&-«itg<, 
village  of  Austria,  in  Croatia,  on  the  Kulpa,  9  miles  frui 
Karlstadt.     Pop.  1480. 

Sissa,  sis'sft,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  4  miles  N.\\ 
of  Parma,  near  the  Tare.     Pop.  of  commune,  4848. 

Sissach,  sis's&K,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  an 
13  miles  S.E.  of  Basel.     Pop.  1841. 

Sis'seton  Agency,  a  post-office  of  Roberts  co.,  8.D. 

Siss'on,  a  township  of  Howell  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  U66. 

Sissonne,  sees'sonn',  a  market-town  of  France,  dc! 
partment  of  Aisne,  12  miles  E.  of  Laon.     Pop.  1465. 

Siss'onville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kanawha  co,,  W.  W 
on  or  near  the  Poeotaligo  River,  16  miles  N.of  Chariest"] 
It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Sis'ter  Bay,  a  post-hamlet  of  Door  co..  Wis.,  on  flm 
Bay,  with  a  harbor,  20  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Monoininee,  Mi^; 

Sis'terdale,  a  post-ofiieo  of  Kendall  co.,  Tex. 

Sister  Lakes,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort  of  Vai 
Buren  co.,  Mich.,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Dowagiac. 

Sisteron,  sisHfh-r^No',  a  town  of  France,  in  Bnssesi 
Alpes,  on  the  Durance  and  Buech,  24  miles  W.N.W.  oil 
Digne.  Pop.  8768.  It  is  enclosed  by  wall?,  and  oomf 
manded  by  a  citadel.     It  has  a  communal  college. 

Sis'ters,  two  islands  of  the  Pacific,  N.  of  Chatbm 
Island,  near  New  Zealand. 

Sisters,  two  islands  in  Bass's  Strait,  off  the  N.  estriii. 
ity  of  Furneaux  Island. 

Sisters,  two  islands,  Indian  Ocean,  between  Great  nn- 
Little  Andaman  Islands.     Lat.  11°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  92°  46'  i: 

Sisters,  two  islands  in  the  China  Sea,  province  o 
Quang-Tong,  about  lat.  23°  22'  N.,  Ion.  117°  47'  E. 

Sisters,  two  low,  woody  islands  in  the  Philippines,  i : 
the  W.  coast  of  Luzon.     Lat.  15°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  119°  49'  1. 

Sisters,  three  islands  at  the  AV.  extremity  of  I/r 
Erie,  two  belonging  to  Canada  and  the  third  to  the  Uniti 
States.     The  largest  contains  about  25  acres. 

Sisters  (Great  and  Little),  Liberia.    See  Sestre. 

Sisters,  The  Three,  three  islands  of  the  Seychelle 
group,  Indian  Ocean,  in  lat.  5°  9'  30"  S. 

Sister's  Creek,  a  small  stream  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,fall 
into  Lake  Erie. 

Sis'tersville,  a  post-villaga  of  Tyler  co.,  W.  Va.,  < 
the  Ohio  River,  46  miles  below  Wheeling.  It  has  3  chnrchi 
a  high  school,  a  tannery,  a  barrel-factory,  and  a  woollen 
mill.     Pop.  364. 

Sistova,  sis-to'vi,  or  Schistab,  shis-tib',  called  nl 
Shtab,  shtib,  a  town  of  Bulgaria,  on  the  Danube,  . 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Nicopolis.     Lat.  43°  38'  N.;  Ion.  25°  I'u 
E.     Pop.  12,000. 

Sis'trunk,  a  post-office  of  Macon  co.,  Ala. 

Sit,  sit,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  government  '  f 
Tver,  flows  E.,  then  N.,  and  joins  the  Mologa  after  a  coui 
of  about  80  miles. 

Sitchevka,  Sitchewka,  or  Sichevka,  sitch-4v'k.\ 
written  also  Sitshevsk,  Sitschevsk,  and  Sitchevsk 
a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  10  miles  N.E.  of  Smo 
lensk,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Volga.     Pop.  4059. 

Sitges,  sit'Hds,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  provinci 
and  18  miles  S.W.  of  Barcelona,  on  the  Mediterranean 
Lat.  41°  16'  N. ;  Ion.  1°  54'  E.  It  has  a  court-house,  i 
large  clock-tower,  built  by  the  Moors,  an  ancient  castle,  non 
used  as  a  prison,  several  schools,  a  college,  a  music-school 
a  hospital,  and  2  churches,  one  of  them  on  a  rock  whict 
serves  as  a  bastion  and  overhangs  the  sea.     Pop.  3663. 

Sitia,  se-tee'i,  or  Settia,  slt-tee'i  (anc.  Cytha'iim  f). 
town  of  Crete,  on  its  N.  coast,  55  miles  E.  of  Candia.   Ne;i! 
it  is  Cape  Sitia,  and  Mount  Sitia  is  directly  S.  of  it,  inland 

Sitka,  sit'ka,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Alaska,  on  th( 
W.  coast  of  Bardnoff  Island,  near  lat.  57°  N.  and  Ion.  135' 
IS'  W.  It  is  one  of  the  principal  places  in  Alaska,  and  has 
a  custom-house,  a  Greco- Russian  church,  a  hospital,  2  saw- 
mills, 6  stores,  and  a  school.  A  steamboat  plies  montlil\ 
between  this  place  and  Portland,  Oregon.  The  princip:i 
business  of  Sitka  is  the  catching  and  curing  of  salmon. 
Pop.  about  500.     See  also  Baranoff. 

Sitka,  a  post-office  of  White  co.,  Ind. 

Sitka,  a  post-office  of  Newaygo  co.,  Mich. 

Sitkhin,  sit'Kin',  one  of  the  Aleutian  Islands.  Lnt. 
52°  4'  N. ;  Ion.  176°  2'  W.  It  is  about  25  miles  in  circuit, 
with  a  volcanic  mountain  in  its  centre,  5033  feet  high  and 
covered  with  perpetual  snow. 

Sitkokf,  an  island  of  Japan.     See  Shikoku. 

Sitkum,  a  post-office  of  Coos  co.,  Oregon. 

Sitshevsk,  or  SitschcAVka.    See  Sitchevka. 

Sittard,  sit'tart,  or  Sittert,  sit't?rt,  a  town  of  tb« 
Netherlands,  13  ra'iles  N.E.  of  Maestricht.     Pop.  4798. 

Sitteny  the  German  name  of  Sign. 


SIT 


2475 


SKA 


Sit'tingbourne,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  10 
iniles  E.S.K.  of  Rochester.  Pop.  4301. 
j  Sitzendorf,  sit's^n-donf  \  a  town  of  Lower  Austria,  on 
the  Great  Schmieda,  5  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Egenburg.  P.  1350. 
j  Siii-An-Hoa,  se-oo'in-iio'j,,  a  fortified  city  of  China, 
Iprovince  of  Peo-Chee-Lce,  on  the  Yang-Ho,  near  the 
ijGroat  Wall,  90  miles  N.W.  of  Peking.  Its  inhabitants 
iinanufacture  superior  felt  caps  and  other  woollen  goods. 

Siue-Fooiig-Shan,  or  Siue-Foung-Chan,  sce'- 
•u-i*-foong-sh4n',  a  mountain  of  China,  in  the  province  of 
Fo-Kien.     Lat.  26°  35'  N.;  Ion.  119°  5'  E. 

Sine -Shan,  or  Sine -Chan,  see'u-A^-shln'  {i.e., 
"snowy  mountain"),  the  name  of  many  lofty  mountains  in 
China,  whose  summits  are  covered  with  perpetual  snow,  and 
of  which  the  following  are  the  principal : 

Siuc-Shan,  or  Siue-Chan,  a  mountain  of  China, 
in  the  province  of  Shiin-See.     Lat.  39°  N. ;  Ion.  111°  30'  E. 

Siiie-Shan,  or  Siue-Chan,  a  mountain  of  China, 
province  of  Yun-Nan.     Lat.  25°  58'  N. ;  Ion.  102°  52'  E. 

Siuc-Shan,  Siue-Chan,YuIooiig-Shan,or  Yu- 
loung-Chan,  yooMoong-shin',  a  mountain  of  China, 
province  of  Yun-Nan.     Lat.  26°  33'  N. ;  Ion.  99°  20'  E. 

Siue-Shan,  or  Siue-Chan,  a  mountain  of  China, 
province  of  Yun-Nan.     Lat.  25°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  98°  22'  E. 

Siue-Skan,  or  Siue-Chan,  a  mountain  of  China, 
province  of  Kan-Soo.     Lat.  36°  43'  N. ;  Ion.  104°  41'  E. 

Siue-Shan,  or  Sine-Chan,  a  mountain  of  China, 
province  of  Koei-Choo.     Lat.  27°  14'  N. ;  Ion.  105°  4'  E. 

Siuc-Shan,  or  Siue-Chan,  a  mountain  of  China, 
province  of  Se-Chuen.     Lat.  32°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  105°  52'  E. 

Siue-Shan,  or  Sine-Chan,  a  mountain  of  China, 
province  of  Se-Chuen.     Lat.  32°  27'  N. ;    Ion.  103°  4'  E. 

Siuslaw,  si'us-law,  a  small  river  of  Oregon,  rises  in 
Lane  co.,  and  runs  first  northwestward.  It  finally  runs 
westward,  and  forms  the  boundary  between  the  cos.  of 
Douglas  and  Lane  until  it  enters  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

Siuslavv,  a  post-oflice  or  hamlet  of  Lane  co.,  Oregon, 
14  miles  S.W.  of  Eugene  City. 
'    Sint,  a  town  of  Egypt.     See  Sioot. 

■  Siva,  or  Siwa,  se-v4'  or  see'vi,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises 
jn  the  government  of  Perm,  flows  S.,  and  joins  the  Kama 
24  iniles  N.  of  Sarapool.    Total  course,  100  miles. 

Sivagiri,  a  town  of  India.  See  Shevagurrv. 
!  Sivana,  se-v&'ni,  or  Samadura,  si-md,-doo'rS,,  an 
island  of  India,  formed  by  the  Cavery,  in  the  district  of 
iCoimbatoor.  Length,  9  miles;"  breadth,  10  miles.  It  was 
the  site  of  the  ancient  Hindoo  city  of  Ganga  Para,  and  has 
'remains  of  several  temples.  The  Cavery  here  forms  two 
[tine  cataracts. 

Sivanivasa,  the  Hindoo  name  of  Sibkibas. 

Sivapure,  a  river  of  Venezuela.    See  Suapure. 

Sivas,  Turkey.    See  Seevas. 

i    Sivash,  Sivache,  or  SiAvasch,  seeVish',  Ghilo- 

more,  or  Pu'trid  Sea,  a  lagoon  on  the  N.  and  E.  sides 

pf  the  Crimea,  Russia,  communicating  on  the  N.  with  the 

jSea  of  Azof  by  the  Strait  of  Genitchi,  only  a  furlong  in 

breadth,  and  elsewhere  separated  from  the  sea  by  the  Ara- 

at,  a  narrow  sandy  tongue  of  land,  70  miles  in  length. 

he  shores  on  its  W.  side  are  extremely  irregular  ;  breadth, 

rora  6  to  15  miles;  it  receives  the  Salghir,  the  principal 

iver  of  the  Crimea.     By  an  E.  wind  the  water  of  the  Sea 

f  Azof  is  forced  through  the  strait,  and  often  covers  the 

[surface  of  the  lagoon ;  at  other  times  it  presents  only  a 

pestiferous  expanse  of  mud. 

r  Siv'ell's  Bend,  a  post-office  of  Cooke  co.,  Tex. 
'    Siverek,  se-v§h-r4k',  written  also  Souerek,  a  town 
of  Turkish  Armenia,  40  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Diarbekir. 

Siv'erly,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vinton   co.,   0.,   11  miles 
'N.N.W.  of  Dundas  Station.     It  has  a  church. 
!    Siv'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  Tenn.,  1  mile 
Troni  Boyce  Station,  and  6  miles  E.  of  Chattanooga.   It  has 
ti  church. 

'  Sivry,  seeVree',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Ilainaut,  22 
{Qiiles  S.S.E.  of  Mons.     Pop.  3345. 

Sivry-sur-Meuse,  see'vree'-siiR-muz,  a  village   of 
iFranco,  in  Meuse,  near  Montfaucon.     Pop.  1013. 
I    Siwa,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Siva. 

■  Si  wall,  an  oasis  of  North  Africa.     See  Ei,  Seewah. 
'    Si wasch,  a  lake  of  Russia.     See  Sivash. 

■  Six  Cor'ners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich.,  6 
iniles  N.  of  Coopersville. 

Six  Islands,  Chagos  Archipelago.     See  Egmokt. 

Six  Lakes,  a  post-village  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Belvidere  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Saginaw  <fc  Canada 
Railroa*!.     It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  shingle-inill. 

Six  Mile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bibb  eo.,  Ala.,  about  40 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Birmingham.     It  has  2  churches. 


Six  Mile,  a  post-office  of  AVayne  co.,  111. 

Six  Mile,  Jennings  co.,  Ind.    See  Hardenburo. 

Six  Mile,  a  post-office  of  Pickens  co.,  S.C. 

Six-Mile-Bridge,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Clare,  on 
the  Ougarneo,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Limerick.  Pop.  517.  It 
has  a  court-house,  a  bridewell,  and  a  market-house. 

Six-Mile-Bridge,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  10 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Limerick. 

Six  Mile  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co..  Pa.,  6 
miles  S.  of  Harbor  Creek  Station.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Six-Mile-Cross,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Tyrone, 
8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Pomeroy. 

Six  Mile  Cross,  or  An'derson's  Corners,  a  post- 
village  in  Huntington  co.,  Quebec,  35  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Caughnawaga.     It  has  a  store  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  180. 

Six  Mile  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Penobscot  co..  Me., 
on  the  Kenduskeag  River,  5  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bangor.  It 
is  comprised  in  the  limits  of  Bangor,  and  has  a  carriage- 
factory,  2  stores,  Ac. 

Six  Mile  Ferry,  Pennsylvania.    See  IIorE  Church. 

Six  Mile  House,  a  post-office  of  St.  Charles  co..  Mo. 

Six  Mile  Road,  or  Hills'borough,  a  post-village 
in  Cumberland  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  Northumberland  Strait, 
13  miles  from  Thomson.     Pop.  400. 

Six  Mile  Run,  Bedford  co..  Pa.    See  Coaldale. 

Six  Nations.     See  Iroquois. 

Six  Oaks,  a  post-office  of  Olmsted  co.,  Minn. 

Six  Points,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co..  Pa.,  4  miles 
S.W.  of  Emlenton.     It  has  a  church  and  an  oil-well. 

Six  Port'ages,  a  post-village  in  Ottawa  co.,  Quebec, 
on  the  river  Gatineau,  80  miles  N.  of  Ottawa.     Pop.  125. 

Six  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co..  Pa.,  about  30 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Altoona. 

Six  Runs,  a  post-office  of  Sampson  co.,  N.C. 

Sixteen  Mile  Stand,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co., 
0.,  in  Symmes  township,  2^  miles  from  Symmes,  and  16 
miles  N.  of  Cincinnati.     It  has  a  church. 

Sixty  Four,  a  station  in  Hardeman  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad,  64  miles  E.  of  Memphis. 

Sixty  Six,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orangeburg  co.,  S.C.,  on 
the  South  Carolina  Railroad. 

Sizeboli,  a  town  of  Roumelia.     See  Siseboli. 

Si'zerville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Portage  township,  Cam- 
eron CO.,  Pa.,  2  miles  from  Shippen  Station. 

Siznn,  see'zilN"',  a  town  of  France,  in  FinistSre,  17 
miles  S.W.  of  Morlaix.     Pop.  701. 

Sjaelland,  the  Danish  name  of  Seeland. 

Skagen,  ski'gh^n  (anc.  Scaveniaf),  a  village  of  Den- 
mark, in  North  Jutland,  on  the  tongue  of  land  which  forma 
the  N.  extremity  of  the  province  and  terminates  in  Cape 
Skaw  or  Skagen.  It  consists  of  3  groups  of  houses,  the  in- 
habitants of  which  carry  on  nn  incessant  war  with  the 
sands  which  threaten  to  engulf  them.  The  church  is  already 
buried,  but  its  tower  remains  and  is  an  important  land- 
mark for  mariners.  A  little  to  the  N.  is  an  important  light- 
house, 67  feet  high,  built  of  stone  in  1564.     Pop.  1619. 

Skag'er-Rack,  or  Skag^errak'  (i.e.,  "Skagen- 
Rack,"  the  "  crooked  strait  of  Skagen"),  a  broad  arm  of  the 
North  Sea,  between  Norway  on  the  N.  and  Jutland  on  the 
S.,  communicating  with  the  Cattegat,  of  which  it  is  some- 
times considered  as  the  N.  portion.  Length,  from  AV.S.W. 
to  E.N.E.,  about  150  miles;  breadth,  about  80  miles.  N. 
of  the  Danish  coast  the  depth  varies  from  30  to  40  fathoms, 
near  the  centre  from  60  to  100  fathoms,  and  ofi"the  Norwe- 
gian coast  in  some  places  exceeds  200  fathoms.  The  stream, 
when  not  interrupted  by  storms,  sets  in  E.  along  the  coast 
of  Jutland  and  W.  along  that  of  Norway.  On  the  former 
coast  there  is  no  secure  anchorage,  but  along  those  of  Swe- 
den and  Norway  good  harbors  abound. 

Skaggs'  Hot  Springs,  a  summer  resort  of  Sonoma 
CO.,  Cal.,  in  the  Coast  Range,  8  miles  W.  of  Geyserville. 
The  water  has  a  temperature  of  120°  Fahr.,  and  contains 
bicarbonate  of  sodium.  Here  is  Skaggs'  Springs  Post-Offiee. 

Skaggstown,  Tennessee.     See  Roseberry. 

Skag'it,  a  post-office  of  Whatcom  co.,  Washington. 

Skagit  River  rises  in  the  Cascade  Range  in  British 
Columbia,  from  which  it  passes  into  Washington,  traversing 
the  western  or  main  cascades  for  20  miles  by  a  deep  caflon. 
It  runs  south  west  ward  through  Whatcom  co.,  and  enters  a 
part  of  Puget  Sound  called  Port  Susan.  It  is  about  200 
miles  long,  and  is  partly  navigable.  It  runs  through  a 
fertile  country  in  which  lumber  abounds. 

Skagtols-Tind,  sk4g't6ls-tind\  one  of  the  highest  of 
the  Scandinavian  Mountains  in  Norway.  Lat.  61°  20'  N. ; 
Ion.  8°  E.     Elevation,  8390  feet. 

Skal'holt,a  town  of  Iceland,  35  miles  E.  of  Reikiavik. 

Skalitz,  sk&'lits,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  54  mile* 


SKA 


2476 


SKI 


N.W.  of  Ncutrs,  on  the  March.  Pop.  527S.  It  haa  manu- 
factures of  linen  and  irooUen  cloth.  Good  wino  i«  raUed  in 
its  vicinity. 

SkalkahOf  sk&k'^-ho,  a  post-office  of  Missoula  oo., 
ilontuna. 

Skamania^  sk^-mK'ne-^  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of 
'Washington,  borders  on  Oregon.  Area,  about  2A50  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Columbia  River,  and 
is  drained  by  the  Cathlapootle,  Klikitat,  and  White  Salmon 
Rivers.  The  surface  is  very  mountainous,  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  good  timber.  In  the  N.W.  part 
of  the  county  stands  Mount  St.  Helen's,  which  is  about 
12,000  feet  high.  A  large  portion  of  the  county  is  occupied 
by  mountains  of  the  Cascade  Range.  It  has  also  fertile 
valleys.  Capital,  Cascades.  Valuation  of  real  and  per- 
sonal estate,  $158,439.     Pop.  in  1870,  133;  in  1830,  SOU. 

Skamokawa,  8k%-mdk'%-wa,  a  post-offico  of  AVahkia- 
kum  CO.,  Washington. 

Skanderborg,  sk&n'd^r-boRO^  a  town  of  Denmark,  in 
Jutland,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Aarhuus.     Pop.  1707. 

Skan'dia,  a  township  of  Murray  oo.,  Minn.    Pop.  117. 

Skane,  a  former  province  of  Sweden.     See  Scania. 

Skaneatelcs,  skan-e-at'loss,  or  Skeneat'eles,  a 
beautiful  post-village  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  a  township 
of  its  own  name,  and  at  the  outlet  and  N.  end  of  Skancat- 
eles  Lake,  7  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Auburn,  and  18  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Syracuse.  It  contains  6  churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper 
offices,  an  academy,  numerous  elegant  residences,  ailouring- 
mill,  and  several  manufactories  of  carriages.  The  outlet  of 
the  lake  affurds  abundant  motive-power,  which  is  utilized 
in  several  mills.  A  branch  railroad,  5  miles  long,  connects 
this  village  with  Skaneateles  Junction,  which  is  on  the 
Auburn  Branch  of  the  Now  York  Centi'al  Railroad.  Pop. 
in  1880,  1669;  of  the  township,  4866. 

Skaneateles  Falls,  a  pust-hamlct  of  Onondaga  co., 
N.Y.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Central  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of 
Skaneateles.  It  has  2  churches,  2  paper-mills,  and  a  wool- 
len-mill. 

Skaneateles  Junction,  New  York.    See  Hart  Lot. 

Skaneateles  Lake,  New  York,  forms  part  of  the 
boundary  between  Cayuga  and  Onondaga  cos.  It  is  about 
15  miles  long,  1^  miles  wide,  and  320  feet  deep.  The 
head  of  the  lake  touches  the  N.W.  corner  of  Cortland  co., 
from  which  it  e.\tends  northwestward  to  the  village  of 
Skaneateles.  Its  outlet  enters  Seneca  River  in  Cayuga  co., 
3  or  4  miles  N.E.  of  Weedsport. 

Skanee,  ska-nee',  a  post-village  in  Arvon  township, 
Baraga  co.,  Mich.,  18  miles  N.W.  of  L'Anse.  It  has  a 
church. 

Skapta  (or  Skap'tar)  JdknII,  sk&p't&  yb'-kool'  {j'd- 
kull  signifies  "  ice-mountain"),  an  immense  glacier-clad 
mountain  or  group  of  mountains  in  tho  S.E.  of  Iceland, 
noted  for  its  tremendous  volcanic  eruptions. 

Skara,  siki'ril,  a  town  of  Sweden,  laen  and  27  miles  S.W. 
of  Mariestad.  Pop.  2916.  It  has  a  cathedral,  a  college 
with  botanic  gardens,  and  a  veterinary  school.  It  is  a 
bishop's  see. 

Skaraborg,  a  laen  of  Sweden.    See  Mariestad. 

Skaro,  ski'ro,  a  town  of  Greece,  on  a  promontory  of 
the  same  name,  projecting  from  the  W.  side  of  the  island 
of  Santorini.  The  houses,  mostly  ruined  by  volcanic  agency, 
form  an  extraordinary  group  around  a  crag,  1000  feet  above 
the  gulf,  perched  one  over  another  in  crevices  in  tho  sides 
of  the  precipices  and  in  the  most  frightful  positions. 

Skarzewo,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Sciio.veck. 

Skaw,  The,  Denmark.    See  Cape  Skagex. 

Skeel's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Mercer  co.,  0. 

Skeen,  skdn,  or  Skien,  skeen  (?),  a  town  of  Norway, 
capital  of  Bratsberg,  on  the  Skeenself,  7  miles  N.  of  Pors- 
grund.     Pop.  4024. 

Skeg^ness',  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Lincoln,  on 
tho  E.  coast,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Spilsby.  It  is  much  re- 
sorted to  as  a  summer  residence. 

Skeinah,  ski'na,  a  post-office  of  Fannin  co.,  Ga. 

Skellefted,  skSI-lSfte-o,  or  Sildal,  sil'ddl,  a  river 
of  Sweden,  laen  of  Westerbotten,  rises  in  the  Stor-Afvan 
Lake,  flows  S.E.,  and,  after  a  course  of  120  miles,  enters  the 
Gulf  of  Bothnia,  70  miles  N.  of  UmeA. 

SkellefteA,  a  village  and  parish  of  Sweden,  laen  of 
Westerbotten,  70  miles  N.N.E.  of  UmeA,  on  the  river  Skel- 
lefted,  near  its  mouth. 

Skel'ley's,  a  station  in  Calhoun  co.,  Oa.,  on  the  Selma, 
Rome  &  Dalton  Railroad,  24  miles  S.  of  Dulton. 

Skelley's,  a  station  in  Jefferson  co.,  0.,  on  the  Pan- 
Ilandle  Railroad,  16i  miles  W.  of  Steuben  ville. 

Skel'ligs,  three  rocky  islets  off  tho  S.W.  coast  of  Ire- 
land, CO.  of  Kerry,  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  9  miles  S.W.  of 


Broa  Head,  Valcntia  Island.    The  Great  Skollig  risM  ab> 
rujjtly  to  710  feet  in  height,  and  has  two  light-houses  upoi' 
it,  one  650  feet  and  the  other  371  feet  above  the  sea.    Lut 
61°  46'  N.  ;  Ion.  10°  32'  W. 

Skeleton,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Logan  oo.,  111.  on 
the  Indianapolis,  Bloomlngton  &,  Western  Railroad,  6  milei 
E.  of  Lincoln. 

Skcncntelcs,  Now  York.    See  Skankatei.ks. 

Skcnninge,  skSn'ning^ghQh,  a  town  of  Sweden,  U-n 
and  20  miles  W.  of  Linkiiping.     I'op.  1651. 

Sker'ries,  an  islet  in  the  Irish  Sea,  off  the  N.W.  ooa<t 
of  Anglesey,  with  a  light-house.  Lat.  63°  25'  3"  N. ;  k)n 
4°  36' 6"  W.     Elevation,  117  feet. 

Sker'ries,  a  town  of  Ireland,  oo.  and  17  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Dublin,  on  a  headland,  j  of  a  mile  E.  of  the  Dublin  i. 
Drogheda  Railway.  Pop.  2236.  Opposite  the  town  are  4 
islets,  called  the  Skerries.  Skerries  is  a  general  name  in 
Scotland  for  isolated  sea-girt  rocks.  The  Oi't  Skerrik.s 
are  3  islets  in  the  extreme  E.  of  Shetland,  10  miles  S.E. 
of  Fetlar.     See  also  Pentland  Skerries. 

Skcr'row,  Locn,  Scotland.    See  Locii  Skerrow. 

Sker'ryvore  Light-House,  Hebrides,  Scotland,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Tiree  Island.  Lat.  66°  19'  22"  N.;  Ion.  7<> 
6'  32"  W.     Elevation,  150  feet.     It  has  a  revolving  light. 

Skiatho,  skee'&-tho  (anc.  Sciathua),  one  of  the  North 
Sporades,  in  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  government  and  10 
miles  N.  of  Euboca,  in  the  Mgoa.a  Sea,  near  the  entrance 
of  the  Channel  of  Trikeri.  Lat.  39°  12'  N.;  Ion.  23°  36' 
E.  Length  and  breadth,  4  miles  each.  On  its  N.  side  is 
the  village  of  Skiatho. 

Skib^bereen',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  40  miles  S.W. 
of  Cork,  on  tho  Hen.  Pop.  3695.  It  has  a  good  church, 
several  schools,  a  bridewell,  workhouse,  barracks,  and  sev- 
eral large  flour-mills.  Its  port  is  at  Aldcourt,  2  miles  lower 
down  the  river,  where  vessels  of  200  tons  load  and  unloail. 
The  principal  exports  are  corn,  flour,  meal,  and  provisions. 

Skid'daw,  a  mountain  of  England,  co.  of  Cuuiborland, 

4  miles  N.  of  Keswick.     Elevation,  3022  feet. 
Skid'dy,  a  village  of  Morris  co.,  Kansas,  on  Clark's 

Creek  and  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad  (Neosho 
division),  13  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Junction  City.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  about  100.     Here  is  Camden  Post-Office. 

Skid'more,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Ky. 

Skielskor,  skeels'kor,  a  town  of  Denmark,  on  the  S.W. 
coast  of  Seeland,  10  miles  S.  of  Slagelse.     Pop.  1533. 

Skien,  a  town  of  Norway.    See  Skeex. 

Skierniwice,  sk'y6ii-ne-*ect'si,  a  town  of  Poland, 
government  of  AVarsaw,  42  miles  W.S.W.  of  Warsaw  by 
railway.  Pop.  5038.  It  bos  manufactures  of  woollen 
cloth  and  linens. 

Skilesville,  Muhlenburg  co.,  Ky.    See  Skylesville. 

Skill'et  Fork,  a  river  of  Illinois,  rises  in  Clay  ami 
Marion  cos.,  runs  southeastward  through  Wayne  co.,  nml 
enters  the  Little  Wabash  River  in  White  co.,  about  5  miles 
above  Carmi.     It  is  nearly  120  miles  long. 

Skill'man,  a  station  in  Somerset  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Dela- 
ware &  Bound  Brook  Railroad,  16i  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Trenton. 

Skin^burness',  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Cumber- 
land, on  Solway  Firth,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Silloth.  It  is  a 
watering-place. 

Skinersburg,  ski'n^rz-burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott 
CO.,  Ky.,  9  miles  N.AV.  of  Georgetown.     It  has  a  store. 

Skin'ner,  a  post-office  of  Green  co.,  Wis.,  about  5  milei 
AV.  of  Monroe. 

Skinner's  Eddy,  a  post- village  of  Wyoming  co.,  Pa., 
on  tho  Susquehanna  River  and  the  Pennsylvania  it  Now 
York  Railroad,  22  miles  W.N.W.  of  Tunkhannock.  It  has 
a  church,  a  graded  school,  a  lumber-mill,  a  tannery,  Ac. 

Skin'ner's  Pond,  a  post-village  in  Prince  co.,  Prince 
Edward  Island,  15  miles  from  Alberton.     Pop.  100. 

Skinner's  Shop,  a  post-office  of  Bourbon  co.,  Ky. 

Skin'nerville,  a  hamlet  of  Williamsburg  township, 
Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  near  AVilliamsburg  Station.  It  was 
a  flourishing  village,  with  a  silk-factory,  but  in  1874  was 
nearly  destroyed  by  a  flood. 

Skinnerville,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  West  Branch  of  St.  Regis  River,  IJ  miles  from  Stock- 
holm Station.     It  has  manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber. 

Skinnerville,  a  post-township  of  Washington  co., 
N.C.     Pop.  86S. 

Skino,  skee'no,  or  Skinosa,  ske-no'sl  (anc.  Schinn'ta, 
or  Svhinni'an),  a  small  island  of  the  Grecian  Archipelago, 

5  miles  S.  of  Naxos. 

Skin  Qnar'ter,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chesterfield  co.,  \ft^ 
5  miles  N.E.  of  Mattoax  Station.     It  has  2  stores. 
Skio,  an  island  of  Turkey.    See  Scio. 


SKI 


2477 


SLA 


i  Skip'anon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clatsop  co.,  Oregon,  on 
Ibe  Pacific  Ocean,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Astoria. 

Skip'pack,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Perkiomen  township,  about  25  miles  N.N.W.  of  Philadel- 
phia, and  2  miles  E.  of  the  Perkiomen  Railroad.  It  has  a 
church,  a  newspaper  ofiice,  and  manufactures  of  cigars  and 
:washing-machines.     Pop.  about  450. 

Skippack  Creek,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  enters  Per- 
kiomen Creek  about  3  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Skip'per's  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Erath  co.,  Tex. 

Skip'perville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dale  co.,  Ala.,  28 
miles  S.  of  Clayton.  Pop.  about  100. 
;  Skip'ton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West  Riding, 
on  a  railway,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Bradford.  Pop.  6042.  It 
has  a  large  church,  a  grammar-school,  manufactures  of 
cotton  goods,  and  an  active  trade,  facilitated  by  the  Leeds 
It  Liverpool  Canal. 

L  Skip'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Talbot  co.,  Md.,  about  26 
iles  E.  by  S.  of  Annapolis.     It  is  J  of  a  mile  from  a  nav- 
igable inlet  of  Chesapeake  Bay. 

Skive,  skee'v?h,  a  town  of  Denmark,  in  Jutland,  17  miles 
H.AV,  of  Viborg.     Pop.  2059, 
I    Skivra,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Skvira. 
■    SI{jold,  sk'yold,  a  post-office  of  Deuel  co.,  S.D. 
''    Skofde,  skof'd^h,  a  town  of  Sweden,  laen  and  21  miles 
.W.  of  Mariestad.     Pop.  2731. 

Skoko'mish,  a  small  river  of  Washington,  is  formed 
y  its  North  and  South  Forks,  which  unite  in   Mason  co. 
it  enters  Hood's  Canal  about  10  miles  from  the  junction  of 
its  forks.     Its  valley  is  fertile. 

!  Skokomish,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mason  co.,  Washington, 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Oakland. 

'  Skolc,  sko'l^h,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Qalicia,  24  miles 
fe.AV.  of  Stry,  on  the  Opor.     Pop.  1953. 

Sko'mywong,  a  small  river  of  Marathon  co..  Wis., 
flowing  S.W.  into  the  AVisconsin  River. 
j  Skookumchuck,  Washington.  See  Centreville. 
S  Skopelo,  skop'i-lo,  or  Scopello,  skop'fil-lo,  one  of 
the  Sporades  Islands,  in  Greece,  15  miles  N.  of  Euboea,  in 
the  ^gean  Sea.  Area,  32  square  miles.  Pop,  3750.  Prin- 
cipal product,  wine. 

Skopelo,  a  town  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  the  above  island, 
with  an  indifferent  harbor. 
j    Skopia,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Uskup. 

Skopin,  sko-pin'  or  sko-peen',  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment and  52  miles  S.  of  Riazan,  on  the  Werda.  Pop. 
19447.     It  has  manufactures  of  leather. 

Skotschau,  skot'shSw,  written  also  Skotschaw,  a 
town  of  Austrian  Silesia,  7  miles  E.N.E.  of  Teschen,  on  the 
Vistula.     Pop.  2612. 

I  Skowhe'gan,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Somerset  co., 
'Me.,  in  Skowhegan  township,  on  both  sides  of  the  Kenne- 
bec River,  30  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Augusta,  and  about  50 
toiles  W.  of  Bangor,  It  is  a  terminus  of  the  West  Branch 
of  the  Maine  Central  Railroad.  It  contains  a  fine  court- 
house, 6  or  7  churches,  2  national  banks,  a  savings-bank,  1 
pT  2  newspaper  offices,  a  combined  academy  and  high  school, 
i  paper-mill,  2  flour-mills,  2  foundries,  2  manufactories  of 
bil-cloth,  2  axe-factories,  a  woollen-mill,  a  tannery,  and 
'<%  saw-mill.  The  river  here  falls  28  feet  perpendicular. 
Po{).  in  1880,  2609;  of  the  township,  3860. 

Skreen,  skreen,  or  Skryne,  skrin,  a  parish  and  vil- 
lage of  Ireland,  in  Leinster,  co.  of  Meath.     Pop.  638. 

Skrinice,  a  village  of  Bohemia.    See  AVeckersdokp. 

Skucz,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Skutsch. 

Skulany,  or  Sculani,  skoo-li'nee,  a  town  of  Russia, 
,n  Bessariibia,  on  the  Furth,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Yassy. 
ifikuii  Bone,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  Tenn. 

Skull  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Neb. 
'  'Skull  Shoals,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  S.C. 
i    Skull  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Yavapai  co.,  Arizona. 

t Skunk  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Minnehaha  co.,  Dakota, 
1  miles  N.W.  of  Sioux  Falls. 
Skunk  River,  Iowa,  rises  in  Hamilton  co.,  and  runs 
uthward  through  Story  co.  Its  general  direction  is  south- 
teastward.  It  intersects  the  cos.  of  Jasper,  Mahaska,  Keo- 
kuk, and  Henry,  and  enters  the  Mississippi  River  about  9 
toiles  below  Burlington.  It  is  nearly  275  miles  long.  The 
upper  part  of  this  river  is  sometimes  called  South  Skunk. 
[Tho  North  Skunk  rises  in  Marshall  co.,  runs  southeastward, 
j»nd  joins  the  main  river  in  Keokuk  co.,  about  10  miles  S.E. 
of  Sigourney. 

f    Skutari,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Scutari. 
1    Skutsch,  or  Skucz,  skootch,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  12 
fmiles  S.E.  of  Chrudim.     Pop.  2980. 
i    Nkvira,  SkAvira,  skvee'rfl,,  or  Skivra,  skiv'rl,  a  town 
j>f  Russia,  60  miles  S.W.  of  Kiev.     Pop.  10,061. 


Skwierzyna,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Schwerin. 

Skye,  ski,  the  largest  island  of  the  Inner  Hebrides,  in 
Scotland,  co.  of  Inverness,  from  the  mainland  of  which  it 
is  separated  by  the  narrow  strait  of  Loch  Alsh.  Breadth 
very  irregular,  varying  from  4i  miles  to  23  miles,  it  being 
indented  by  Lochs  Snizort,  Follart,  and  Bracadale,  and  by 
smaller  inlets.  Estimated  area,  about  647  square  miles. 
Tho  surface  is  mountainous  ;  many  heights  in  the  centre 
rise  to  between  2000  and  3000  feet  above  the  sea,  among 
which  the  Cuchullin  Hills  are  conspicuous.  Its  N.  part  and 
shores  are  bold  and  strikingly  picturesque.  It  is  composed 
chiefly  of  trap  rocks,  quartz,  limestone,  old  red  sandstone, 
and  lias.  Rivulets  and  small  lakes  are  numerous.  Tho 
climate  is  very  moist  and  variable ;  rain  falls  three  out  of 
every  four  days.  Most  part  of  the  island  is  useless  for  agri- 
culture. The  majority  of  the  inhabitants  are  in  a  very 
impoverished  state.  Cattle,  fish,  and  kelp  are  the  chief 
exports.  The  inhabitants  are  mostly  of  Gaelic  descent. 
The  island  contains  many  Danish  antiquities.  Principal 
villages,  Portree,  Stein,  Kyle-Haken,  Broadford,  Oronsay,. 
Armadale,  and  Uig.     Pop.  17,330. 

Skye,  ski,  a  post-village  in  Glengarry  co.,  Ontario,  32 
miles  N.  of  Cornwall.     Pop.  100. 

Sky'berg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Kenyon  township,  14  miles  N.  of  Clarcmont.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  store. 

Skylesville,  or  Skilesville,  skils'vil,  a  post-hamlet 
of  Muhlenburg  co.,  Ky.,  on  Green  River,  12  miles  S.  of 
Beaver  Dam.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Skyros,  skee'ros  (anc.  Scy'ros),  an  island  of  the  Gre- 
cian Archipelago,  in  the  iEgean  Sea,  24  miles  N.E.  of 
Cape  Kill,  in  Euboea.  Length,  17  miles;  breadth,  from 
2  to  7  miles.  Area,  60  square  miles.  Pop.  3029.  It  is 
separated  into  two  parts  by  an  isthmus.  Its  S.  peninsula 
rises  to  2566  feet  above  the  sea ;  its  N.  part  is  more  level, 
and  productive  of  corn,  wine,  and  madder;  wheat  and 
barley  are  exported,  with  madder-roots,  wax,  honey,  and 
oranges.  Fir  and  oak  wood  are  plentiful.  Goats  are  of  a 
very  superior  breed.  The  only  town,  St.  George,  stands  on 
the  N.  side  of  the  island,  and  contains  most  of  the  popu- 
lation of  tho  island.  Seven  miles  W.  Is  Skyro-Poulo,  a 
rocky  islet,  617  feet  in  height. 

Skywam'ish  River,  Washington,  rises  in  the  Cas- 
cade Range,  runs  westward,  and  unites  with  the  Snoqual- 
mie  to  form  the  Snohomish  River. 

SI  a,  a  seaport  town  of  Morocco.    See  Sale. 

Slab,  a  hamlet  of  York  co..  Pa.,  near  the  Susquehanna 
River,  2  miles  from  Woodbine  Station  of  the  Peach  Bottom 
Railroad.     It  has  10  or  12  houses. 

Slab  City,  a  post-office  of  Decatur  co.,  Kansas. 

Slack,  a  post-office  of  Mason  co.,  Ky. 

Slack  Canon,  kan'yon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monterey 
CO.,  Cal.,  55  miles  S.S.E.  of  Soledad. 

Slack'water,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  on 
Conestoga  Creek,  5  miles  below  Lancaster.  It  has  a  paper- 
mill. 

Slade  River,  Labrador.     See  East  Main  River. 

Slade's,  sladz,  a  station  in  Washington  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Mobile  &  Alabama  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  44  miles  N. 
of  Mobile. 

Sladesburg,  slads'biirg,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co., 
Wis.,  12  miles  N.  of  Boscobel. 

Slade's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kenosha  co..  Wis., 
in  Wheatland  township,  5  miles  from  Bassett's  Station.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  store. 

Sladesville,  sladz'vil,  a  post-village  of  Hyde  co.,  N.C., 
about  40  miles  N.E.  of  New-Berne.     It  has  3  churches. 

Slagelse,  sia,'ghel-s?h,  a  town  of  Denmark,  island  of 
Seeland,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Corsoer.     Pop.  5468, 

Slagle,  sla'gh^l,  a  post-hamlet  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa,  on 
South  Skunk  River,  4  miles  from  Delta.    It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Slagle,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  Mo. 

Slane,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Meath,  on  the  Boyne, 
8  miles  W.  of  Drogheda.     Pop.  473. 

Slanesville,  slanz'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hampshire 
CO.,  W.  Va.,  14  miles  S.E.  of  South  Branch  Depot.  It  has 
a  church. 

Slan'ey,  a  river  of  Ireland,  rises  in  the  co.  of  Wicklow, 
flows  mostly  S.  through  the  cos.  of  Carlow  and  Wexford, 
and  expands  into  Wexford  Harbor.  It  is  navigable  to 
Enniscorthy.     Length,  60  miles. 

Slano,  sli'no,  a  town  of  Dalmatia,  on  the  sea,  16  miles 
N.W.  of  Ragusa. 

Slany,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Schlan. 

Slash,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co.,  Ind.,  in  Qreec  town- 
ship,  7  miles  S.  of  Mier  Station,  and  38  miles  S.E.  of  Lo.^ 
gansport.    It  has  a  church. 


SLA 


2478 


SLE 


SlatC)  n  post-ofRco  of  Jennings  oo.,  Ind.,  about  20  mi)os 
W.N.W.  of  Madison. 

Slate  Creek,  a  po»t-ofiice  of  Idaho  oo.,  Idaho,  on  Sal- 
mon Kiver,  at  the  uiuuth  uf  Slate  Creek. 

Slate  Cut,  a  post-office  of  Clarke  co.,  Ind. 

Slatc'fordf  a  villaj^o  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Edinburgh,  3 
tniloii  by  rail  S.W.  of  Edinburgh.    Pup.  647. 

Slateford,  sUt'ffrd,  a  post-village  of  Northampton  oo., 
Pa.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  1  mile  bolow  the  Water  Gap, 
and  1^  luilos  above  Portland.  It  is  on  the  Delaware, 
Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad.  It  bivs  a  cliurch,  4U 
dwellings,  2  manufactories  of  school-slates,  and  several 
slate-quarries.     Pop.  260. 

Slate  Hill,  a  poet-hamlet  of  Orange  oo.,  N.Y.,  in  Wawa- 
yanda  township,  on  the  New  Jersey  Midland  Railroad,  6 
miles  S.S.AV.  of  Middletowu.  It  has  2  churches,  a  steam 
mill,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Slate  Hill,  a  ]>o8t-viIlage  of  York  co.,  Pa.,  2  miles 
from  Delta  Railroad  Station,  and  about  22  miles  S.  of  Lan- 
caster. It  has  a  church,  a  manufactory  of  slate,  and  a 
elato-quarry. 

Slate  Lick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.,  about 
80  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Slate  Mills,  a  poet-hamlet  of  Rappahannock  oo.,  Va., 
13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ciilpeper  Court-Iiuuse.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  flouring-niill. 

Slate  Mountain,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Elk  Moun- 
tains, in  lat.  3a°  N.,  Ion.  107°  6'  W.  Altitude,  12,891  feet 
above  the  sea-level.     It  is  partly  composed  of  slate. 

Sla'ter,  a  post-village  of  Saline  co.,  Mo.,  on  a  railroad, 
12  miles  W.  of  Glasgow.     Pop.  in  1880,  771. 

Slate  River,  Virginia,  a  small  stream,  which  runs 
northeastward  through  Buckingham  co.,  and  enters  the 
James  River  about  10  miles  S.E.  of  Scottsville. 

Slate  Kiver  Mills,  post-office,  Buckingham  co.,  Va. 

Slater's  Lauding,  a  post-office  of  Choctaw  co.,  Ala. 

Sla'tersville,  a  post-office  of  Weber  co.,  Utah. 

Sla'terville,  a  post-village  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y.,  9 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Ithaca,  on  the  N.  border  of  Caroline  town- 
ship.    It  has  a  church,  a  hotel,  and  a  magnetic  spring. 

Slaterville,  a  post-village  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  in 
North  Smithfield  township,  about  15  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Providence.  It  has  water-power  and  several  cotton-mills, 
also  a  bank  and  2  churches.     Pop.  in  1880,  1147. 

Slate  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calhoun  co..  Miss.,  28 
miles  E.  of  Grenada.  It  contains  a  college,  2  churches,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Slatcsville,  a  post-office  of  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va. 

Slatina,  sU-tce'n&,  a  town  of  Roumania,  on  the  Aloota, 
100  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Bucharest.     Pop.  5550. 

Sla'tington,  a  ]>ost-borough  in  Washington  township, 
Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Lehigh  River,  and 
on  tlio  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  at  the  N.  terminus  of  the 
Berks  &  Lehigh  Railroad,  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Allentown. 
It  hiis  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  national  bank,  and 
quarries  of  slate,  which  is  of  fine  quality.  Nearly  500  men 
are  employed  here  in  the  production  of  roofing-slates,  school- 
slates,  <fec.     Pop.  in  1880,  1634. 

Slatousk,  or  Slatoustofsk.     See  Zlatoork. 

Sla'ty  Point,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Tenn. 

Slaughter,  slaw't^r,  a  post-office  of  Kent  co.,  Del.,  on 
the  Maryland  &  Delaware  Railroad,  47  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Wilmington. 

Slaughter,  a  post-office  of  King  co.,  Washington. 

Slaughter's  Creek,  Texas,  enters  the  Colorado  in 
the  lower  part  of  Travis  co. 

Slaughtersville,  slaw't?rz-vil,  a  post-village  of  AVeb- 
eter  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  St.  Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  at 
Slaughter's  Station,  27  miles  S.  of  Henderson.  It  has  a 
flouring-mill.     Pop.  300. 

Slaughtersville,  a  post-office  of  Lampasas  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  Lampasas  River,  10  miles  E.  of  Lampasas. 

Slaupnicz,  slowp'nitch,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  6  miles 
from  Leitoniischl.     Pop.  3275. 

Slave  Coast  is  that  portion  of  the  Guinea  Coast  be- 
tween the  Lagos  and  Volta  Rivers,  which  separate  it  re- 
spectively from  Benin  on  the  E.  and  the  Gold  Coast  on 
the  W. 

Slavianoserbsk,  sl4-ve-&-no-s2Rbsk',  a  town  of  Rus- 
sia, government  and  180  miles  E.N.E.  of  Yekaterinoslav, 
on  the  Donets,     Pop.  3156. 

Slavonia,  sli-vo'ne-a,  or  Sclavonia,  sklJL-vo'ne-a, 
sailed  by  the  natives  Slavonska,  sli-von'ski  {Get.  Sla- 
voiii'eii,  sli-vo'ne-^n  ;  ¥r.  Slavoiiie,  sWvo^nee' ;  Ilung.  Td- 
torz&ij),  a  titular  kingdom  of  Austro- Hungary,  in  Trans- 
leithania,  now  forming  part  of  the  kingdom  of  Croatia  and 
Slavonia,  boimded  N.  by  Hungary,  E.  by  the   Banat  of 


Hungary,  S.  by  Bosnia,  and  W.  by  Croatia.  Area,  8H56 
square  miles.  It  is  of  a  very  irregular  form,  vlrvtvbiiiff 
from  W.  to  K.  for  100  miles,  while  its  avcnige  bruudlh  iluf« 
not  exceed  40  miles.  Its  natural  bouudarie.i,  however,  iii« 
well  defined  by  great  rivers, — the  Dravo  on  the  N.,  the  Suva 
on  the  S.,  and  their  junction  with  the  Danube  on  the  E.  A 
branch  of  the  Carnio  Alps,  entering  Slavonia  from  Croiiiln 
on  the  W.,  traverses  it  throughout  its  whole  length,  fdim 
ing  the  watershed  between  the  Drave  and  the  Save,  sttnlni  > 
down  numerous  small  streams  into  each,  and  torininiitin^ 
somewhat  abruptly  on  reaching  the  banks  of  the  Danubu. 
Mount  Papuk,  the  culminating  ))oint  of  the  cliain,  i^  nut 
more  than  2700  feet  above  the  level  of  the  Danube.  On  cithvr 
side  the  mountains  slope  ra])idly,  and  give  place  to  a  luo- 
cession  first  of  lower  hills  and  valleys,  presenting  a  boiiuli- 
fully  undulating  surface,  clothed  with  verdure  or  covered 
with  orchards,  and  then  of  plains,  which  extend  without 
interruption  to  the  banks  of  the  rivers,  in  some  parts  inun- 
dated twice  and  thrice  a  year.  The  tracts  thus  cxpusrj 
form  meadows  on  which  large  herds  of  horses',  cattle,  nod 
swine  are  reared.  The  soil  is  almost  throughout  of  remark 
able  fertility.  Grain,  fruit,  llax,  hemp,  tobacco,  liquorice, 
and  madder  are  extensively  raised.  The  minerals  include 
several  mines  of  copper  and  argentiferous  lead,  abundance 
of  iron,  and  cxhaustless  su|)])liei<  of  beautiful  marble.  Tlio 
inhabitants  are  generally  ignorant,  and  of  unsettled  habito. 
In  the  part  of  their  country  belonging  to  the  military  fron- 
tier, every  man  capable  of  bearing  arms  is  a  soldier.  There 
are  no  manufactures  deserving  the  name,  but  the  trani<it 
trade  along  the  navigable  rivers  within  which  the  country 
is  enclosed  is  considerable.    Capital,  Eszck.    Po]).  381,480. 

Slavonia  is  the  only  country  which  has  preserved  the 
name  of  the  great  Slavic  stock.  The  inhabitants  call  their 
country  SUtvouska,  and  themselves  Slavouaiz,  and  speak 
the  so-called  Illyrian  tongue,  which,  under  a  great  variety 
of  dialects,  prevails  in  many  counties  of  Hungary,  and  in 
parts  of  Croatia,  Dalmatia,  Servia,  Bosnia,  and  lleriego- 
vina.  The  country  is  divided  into  civil  and  military  Sla- 
vonia.     (See   Military   Fkontier.) Adj.  Slavonian, 

sla-vo'ne-an,  Slavon'ic  ;  inhab.  Slavonian.  (The  adj. 
Slavonian  is  often  applied  to  the  whole  Slavic  race,  in  which 
are  included  Russians,  Poles,  Wends,  and  many  others), 

SlUAVkow,  a  town  of  Moravia.     See  Austkulitz. 

Slawkow,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  ScnLAocENwALn. 

Slaydcn's  (sla'd^nz)  Crossing,  a  ))ost-hamlct  uf 
Marshall  co..  Miss.,  about  15  miles  N,  of  Holly  Springs.  It 
has  a  church. 

Sleaford  (slee'fprd).  New,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Lincoln,  on  the  Slea,  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lincoln.  Pop. 
3592.    It  has  a  church,  a  town  hall,  and  a  grammar-school. 

Sledge  Island,  Alaska.    See  Aziak  Island. 

Sleep'er,  a  station  in  Laclede  co..  Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louii 
&  San  Francisco  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Lebanon. 

Sleeping  Bear,  a  headland  of  Leelcnaw  co.,  Mich., 
on  Lake  Michigan,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Glen  Haven. 

Slee'py  Creek  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  oo., 
W.  Va.,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  117  miles  W. 
of  Baltimore.     It  has  2  churches. 

Sleepy  Eye,  a  post-village  of  Brown  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Home  township,  on  the  Winona  <fc  St.  Peter  Railroiid,  at  tli« 
S.  terminus  of  the  Minnesota  Valley  Railroixd,  14  miles  AV. 
of  New  Ulm,  and  26  miles  S.E.  of  Redwood  Falls.  It  hna 
2  churches  and  a  money-order  post-office.  Here  is  Sleepy 
Eye  Lake  Station. 

Sleepy  Eye  Creek,  Minnesota,  rises  in  Redwood  co., 
runs  eastward,  and  enters  Cottonwood  River  in  Brown  eo. 

Sleepy  Hollow,  a  hamlet  of  Mount  Pleasant  town- 
ship, Westchester  co.,  N.Y.  The  Dutch  church  at  tbii 
place  was  erected  in  1699. 

Sleepy  Hollow,  a  township  of  Barnwell  co.,  S.C. 
Pop.  1319. 

Sleightsburg,  slits'biirg,  a  village  in  Esopus  township, 
Ulster  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River,  at  the  mouth  of 
llondout  Creek,  about  3  miles  S.E.  of  Kingston.  It  it 
separated  from  Rondout  by  Rondout  Creek.  It  has  a  ship- 
yard, and  a  manufactory  of  velocipedes,  sleds,  Ac.  Pop.  300. 

Slem'ons,  a  post-office  of  Ashley  co..  Ark. 

Sles'wick  (Ger.  Schleswig,  shlds'wi^ ;  Dan.  Sleivig, 
slds'vic),  a  former  duchy  of  the  kingdom  of  Denmark,  com- 
prising the  S.  part  of  the  peninsula  of  Jutland,  separated 
on  the  N.  by  the  Konge  River  from  Jutland  i)roper,  and  on 
the  S.  by  the  Eider  and  the  Holstein  Canal  from  the  duchy 
of  Holstein,  having  E.  the  Baltic  and  the  Little  Belt,  in 
which  it  comprises  the  island  of  Alsen,  and  W.  the  North 
Sea,  in  which  are  the  islands  of  Romoe,  Silt,  Fiihr,  Pel- 
worm,  Nordstrand,  .fee.  It  was  conquered  by  the  AustriaM 
and  Prussians  in  1863-64,  and  in  1866  was  merged  in  lbs 


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2479 


SLO 


new  Prussian  province  of  Sleswick-IIolstein.  The  present 
government  of  Sleswick  is  identical  with  the  province  of 
Sleswick-Holstein. 

Sleswick,  Schleswig,  or  Slesvig,  a  seaport  town 
of  Prussia,  in  Sleswick,  at  the  W.  end  of  the  Sley,  a  narrow 
inlet  of  the  Baltic,  21  miles  from  the  sea,  and  70  miles 
N.N.  W.  of  Hamburg.  Lat.  54°  31'  11"  N. ;  Ion.  9°  34' 
45"  E.  It  comprises  a  town  proper  and  suburbs,  is  neatly 
built  in  the  style  of  a  Dutch  town,  and  has  a  catliedral  and 
2  other  churches,  lunatic,  deaf  and  dumb,  and  other  asylums, 
manufactures  of  lace,  woollen  stuffs,  earthenwares,  leather, 
and  sugar,  and  9  annual  fairs.  Its  harbor,  though  improved, 
is  accessible  only  to  small  vessels.  The  town  is  the  oldest 
in  Sleswick,  and  was  long  its  capital.     Pop.  14,546. 

Sles'wick-IIolsteiiijhol'stine,  aprovinceof  Prussia, 
formed  in  1S66  by  the  union  of  the  duchies  of  Ilolstein  and 
Sleswick,  and  augmented  in  1876  by  the  addition  of  Lauen- 
burg,  all  three  formerly  under  the  kingdom  of  Denmark. 
Area,  7218  square  miles.  The  German  language  is  prevalent, 
but  in  the  N.  Danish  and  in  the  W.  Frisian  are  spoken. 
The  surface  is  low  and  flat ;  the  whole  of  the  W.  coast  is 
protected  by  large  dikes  against  irruptions  of  the  sea.  The 
soil  is  not  generally  fertile,  except  in  the  E.  Rye,  barley, 
and  other  grains  are  raised  more  than  sufficient  for  home 
consumption.  Timber  is  scarce,  but  turf  abundant.  The 
breeding  of  cattle  and  horses  is  important;  live-stock,  but- 
ter, and  cheese  are  the  principal  exports.  The  fisheries  are 
active,  chiefly  in  the  North  Sea.  Manufactures  are  nearly 
confined  to  the  towns,  the  chief  of  which  are  Sleswick, 
Flensburg,  Husura,  Apenrade,  lladersleben.  and  Christians- 
feld.     Capital,  Kiel.     Pop.  (1885)  1,150,233. 

Sley,  The,  or  Schlei,  shli,  or  Schleswiger  Fiord, 
shl6s'\>e-gh§r  fe-oBd',  a  narrow  arm  of  the  sea,  on  the  E. 
coast  of  Sleswick,  which  it  penetrates  in  a  S.W.  direction 
for  21  miles,  to  the  town  of  Sleswick.  It  is  very  shallow, 
having  only  from  6  to  9  feet  of  water  at  the  entrance. 

Sleydinge,  sli'ding^^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  7  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Ghent,  with  manufactures 
of  linen  and  cotton  fabrics,  leather,  candles,  vinegar,  and 
oil,  breweries,  flour-mills,  and  dye-works.     Pop.  4971. 

Slick'away,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Ky.,  7  miles 
S.W.  of  Lexington.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  llour-mill. 
Pop.  250. 

Slick  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barren  co.,  Ky.,  7  miles 
W.  of  Glasgow.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  60. 

Slide,  Humboldt  co.,  Cal.    See  Springvillk. 

Slidre,slee'dr§h,  a  village  of  Norway,  95  miles  N.W.  of 
Christiania.     Pop.  3200. 

Sliedrecht,  slee'drSKt,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
South  Holland,  on  the  Meuse,  4  miles  E.  of  Dort.    P.  7738. 

Slieve  (sleev)  Beg,  a  mountain  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Down,  2J  miles  W.S.W.  of  Newcastle. 

Slieve  Car,  a  mountain  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Mayo,  be- 
tween Lough  Conn  and  Blacksod  Bay. 

Slieve  Don'ard,  a  mountain  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Down, 
on  the  S.W.  side  of  Dundrum  Bay,  2  miles  S.AV.  of  New- 
castle.    Height,  2796  feet. 

Sligo,  sli'go,  a  county  of  Ireland,  having  on  the  N.W. 
and  N.  the  bays  of  Killala,  Sligo,  and  Donegal.  Area,  722 
Bquare  miles.  The  surface  is  greatly  diversified;  moun- 
tains and  bogs  are  interspersed  with  some  level  tracts  and 
fertile  land.  The  county  comprises  Loughs  Arrow,  Gill, 
and  a  part  of  Gara;  principal  rivers,  the  Arrow  and  Moy, 
which  latter  forms  the  W.  boundary.  Principal  crops,  oats 
and  potatoes,  with  some  wheat.  Coarse  linens  and  woollens 
are  manufactured.  Capital,  Sligo.  The  county  sends  two 
members  to  the  House  of  Commons.     Pop.  115,493. 

Sligo,  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland,  capital  of  the  above 
county,  at  the  head  of  Sligo  Bay,  69  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lon- 
donderry, and  131  miles  N.W.  of  Dublin.  Lat.  54°  16'  N. ; 
Ion.  8°  28'  W.  It  has  markets  and  largo  stores.  It  is 
lighted  with  gas,  and  well  supplied  with  water.  The  pub- 
lic buildings  are  the  court-house,  prison,  infirmary,  hospi- 
tal, workhouse,  constabulary  barrack,  and  a  lunatic  asylum, 
and  it  has  Protestant  churches,  a  Roman  Catholic  chapel,  and 
a  friary  church.  The  manufactures  are  linen,  flour,  meal, 
soap,  candles,  ropes,  whisky,  and  beer.  The  harbor  has  been 
much  extended  and  improved.  Vessels  of  large  draught 
have  to  anchor  in  the  pool,  which  is  safe  and  secure,  but 
inconvenient  for  discharging  or  taking  cargoes.  The  ex- 
ports consist  chiefly  of  provisions,  grain,  flour,  linen  yarns, 
Ac;  and  the  imports,  of  colonial  produce,  timber,  coals, 
iron,  and  salt.     Pop.  in  1871,  10,670;  in  1881,  10,808. 

Sli'go,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md.,  7  miles 
N.  of  Washington,  D.C.,  and  i  mile  from  Silver  Spring 
Station.  It  has  1  or  2  churches,  2  stores,  and  a  machine- 
•hop.     Pop.  100. 


Sligo,  a  hamlet  of  Adams  township,  Clinton  co.,  0.,  1 
mile  from  Ogden.     It  has  a  church. 

Sligo,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Western 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  26  miles  N.E.  of  IPittsburg. 

Sligo,  a  post-borough  of  Clarion  co.,  Pa.,  in  Piney  town- 
ship, on  the  Sligo  Branch  of  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad, 
80  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pittsburg,  and  about  10  miles  S.W.  of 
Clarion.  It  has  2  churches  and  an  iron-furnace.  It  is  a 
shipping-point  for  oil.     Pop.  in  1880,  543. 

sligo  Bay,  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Sligo,  about  6  miles  across 
at  its  opening,  penetrates  the  land  by  various  arms ;  at  the 
head  of  the  two  chief  ones  are  Sligo  and  Ballysadare,  both 
about  12  miles  from  the  mouth  of  the  bay.  It  has  from 
3  to  20  fathoms  of  water,  and  a  sandy  shore. 

Sling'erlands,  a  post-village  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y,,  on 
the  Albany  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  Albany. 
It  has  a  church. 

Slip'pery  Ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  El  Dorado  co.,  CaU 
20  miles  E.  of  Placerville. 

Slippery  Rock,  Butler  co.,  Pa.    See  Centreville. 

Slippery  Rock,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  Pa. 
Pop.  1778. 

Slippery  Rock  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  But- 
ler CO.,  runs  southwestward  through  Lawrence  co.,  and 
enters  the  Beaver  River  about  12  miles  S.  of  New  Castle.  It 
is  nearly  60  miles  long. 

Sli'ter's  Corners,  a  village  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Sand  Lake  township,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Troy,  It  has  a 
cotton-mill,  a  paper-mill,  <fec. 

Sloan,  slon,  a  post-village  of  Woodbury  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Sloan  township,  on  the  Sioux  City  &  Pacific  Railroad,  21 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Siou.x  City. 

Sloans,  a  township  of  Moore  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  2206. 

Sloan's  Station,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  0.,  in 
Knox  township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  Cleveland  & 
Pittsburg  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Steubenville.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  grist-mill,  a  planing-mill,  and 
manufactures  of  fire-bricks  and  terra-cotta.     Pop.  476. 

Sloan's  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ky.,  1 
mile  from  Willow  Tree  Station.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Sloansville,  slonz'vil,  a  post-village  in  Esperance 
township,  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Schoharie  Creek,  near  the 
Albany  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  32  miles  W.  of  Albany. 
It  is  3  miles  from  Central  Bridge  Station.  It  has  2 
churches,  2  grist-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  about  250. 

Sloats'burg,  a  post-village  in  llamapo  township, 
Rockland  co.,  N.Y.,  in  a  beautiful  valley,  on  the  Erie  Rail- 
road, 19  miles  N.  of  Paterson,  N.J.  It  has  a  church,  a 
woollen-factory,  Ac. 

Slobodisch  Ukraine,  Russia.    See  Kharkov. 

Slobodskoi,  or  Slobodskoj,  slob-ods-koi',  a  town 
of  Russia,  government  and  16  miles  N.E.  of  Viatka,  on  the 
Viatka.  Pop.  7198.  It  has  numerous  churches  and  a  mon- 
astery, and  a  trade  in  corn  and  linseed. 

Slobodzia,  slo-bod'ze-i,  a  town  of  Roumania,  on  the 
Jalomnitza,  60  miles  E.  of  Bucharest. 

Slo'cum,  a  post-township  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  about  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Wilkesbarre.  Pop.  317.  Slocum  Post-Ofiioo 
is  3  miles  from  Newport  Station. 

Slocum  Junction,  a  village  of  AVayne  co.,  Jlich.,  on 
the  Detroit  River,  at  the  junction  of  two  branches  of  the 
Canada  Southern  Railroad,  17  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Detroit. 

Slocuni's,a  station  in  Scioto  co.,  O.,on  the  Marietta  & 
Cincinnati  Railroad,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Portsmouth. 

Slocum's  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Muskegon  co.,  Mich., 
about  24  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Grand  Rapids. 

Slo'cumville,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVashington  co.,  R.I., 
in  North  Kingstown  township,  on  the  Stonington  A  Provi- 
dence Railroad,  at  Slocum's  Station,  24  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Providence.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  40. 

Sloe,  Netherlands.     See  Het  Sloe. 

Slokutchin,  slo-koot'chin,  a  village  of  Bulgaria,  S.W. 
of  Nicopolis. 

Slo'nim,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  72  miles 
S.E.  of  Grodno.  Pop.  11,596.  It  has  several  churches,  a 
synagogue,  a  school  for  nobles,  and  various  factories. 

Slootch,  Sioutch,  or  Slutsch,  slootch,  a  river  of 
Russia,  Volhynia,  rises  near  Staro  Constantinov,  flows  N., 
and  joins  the  Gorin  in  a  marsh,  after  a  course  of  200  miles. 

Slootch,  Sioutch,  or  Slutsch,  a  river  of  Ru.ssia, 
government  of  Minsk,  flows  S.  past  Slootsk,  and  joins  the 
Pripets  60  miles  E.  of  Pinsk.     Length,  SO  miles. 

Slootsk,  Sloutsk,  Slutsk,  or  Slutzk,  slootsk,  a 
town  of  Russia,  government  and  63  miles  S.W.  of  Minsk, 
on  the  Slootch,  near  its  source.  Pop.  9922.  Except  its 
churches,  convents,  Ac.,  it  is  built  of  wood.  It  has  a  high 
school. 


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Sloten«  or  Slooten,  slO'tfn,  a  town  of  the  Nothor- 
Iftnds,  in  Friesland,  near  the  Zu^'der  Zee  and  the  Lake  of 
Cjloten,  12  miles  £.  of  Staroren.     Pop.  of  oommuno,  3063. 

Sloughf  slOw,  a  village  of  England,  oo.  of  Uueks,  on 
the  Groat  Wostorn  lUilway,  2i  wiles  N.N.E.  of  Windsor. 
It  has  an  astronomiual  ubscrvutury,  where  was  erected  the 
great  tulotioupe  of  llerschol,  and  an  orphan-house.    P.  49Utt. 

Sloutch)  a  river  of  Russia.    See  iSL,00Tcii. 

Slo'van>  a  post-offloe  of  Kewaunee  co.,  Wis. 

Slnis,  or  Sluys,8lois(Fr. /.'i^Wiue,  14^klUz'),atownof 
the  Netherlands,  in  Zealand,  on  the  Belgian  frontier,  10 
tuilos  N.H.  of  Uruges.     Pop.  of  commune,  9750. 

Slukeiiow,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Scbluckenau. 

Slush'er's  Mill,  a  post-ofBoe  of  Bell  co.,  Ky. 

Slutch,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Slootch. 

Slutsk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Slootsk. 

Sinaalenene,  8maw-l4-n4'niL,  a  province  or  ami  of 
Norway,  bounded  E.  by  Sweden,  and  S.W.  by  the  Chrlsti- 
«nia  Fiord.  Area,  1547  square  miles.  Capital,  Fredericks- 
bald.     Pop.  107,084. 

SinAland,  smo'l&nd,  or  Smo'land,  a  former  province 
occupying  the  S.E.  part  of  Sweden,  now  divided  into  the 
districts  or  Iwns  of  Kalniar,  Woxio,  and  Jonkoping. 

Small  Isles,  a  group  and  parish  of  Scotland,  cos.  of 
Argyle  and  Inverness,  comprising  the  islands  of  Eig,  Rum, 
Canna,  nnd  Muck.     Pop.  522, 

Small  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sagadahoc  oo.,  Me.,  on 
Cape  Small  Point,  and  on  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  12  miles  S. 
of  Bath.     It  has  a  church. 

Small's  Cross  Roads,  post-office,  Chowan  oo.,  N.C. 

Small'wood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tuscaloosa  co.,  Ala., 
near  Vance's  Station  on  the  Alabama  &  Chattanooga  Rail- 
road, 35  miles  S.W.  of  Birmingham. 

Small  wood,  a  township  of  Jasper  co..  III.    Pop.  993. 

Smallwood,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Ky. 

Smarr's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Macon  <fc  Western  Railroad,  about  20  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Macon. 

Smartt's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  McMinnville  &  Manchester  Railroad. 

Sraart'ville,  a  post-village  of  Yuba  co.,  Cal.,  18  miles 
E.  of  Marysville.  It  has  2  churches.  Here  are  rich  gold- 
mines, called  gravel-mines.     Pop.  in  1880,  372. 

Smartville,  a  village  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Boylston 
township,  5  miles  from  Sandy  Creek  Junction.  It  has  a 
church,  a  large  lumber-mill,  and  25  houses. 

Smeinogorsk,  or  Zmeinogorsk,  zrai-no-gorsk', 
written  also  Smieiiviorsk,  a  town  of  Siberia,  govern- 
ment of  Tomsk.     It  has  silver-mines  and  suielting-works. 

Smcl'ser,  a  township  of  Grant  co.,  Wis.  Pop.  1330. 
It  contains  the  village  of  Georgetown. 

Smeth'port,  a  post-village,  capital  of  McKean  co.,  Pa., 
in  Keating  township,  on  Potato  Creek,  and  on  the  McKean 
A,  Buffalo  Railroad,  26i  miles  S.  of  Clean,  N.Y.,  and  about 
25  miles  N.N.W.  of  Emporium.  It  has  a  court-house,  4 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a 
tannery,  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  in  1880,  872. 

Smichew,  smis'Sv,  or  Smikow,  smee'kov,  a  village 
of  Bohemia,  so  near  Prague  as  to  be  almost  its  suburb. 
Pop.  15,382. 

Smicks'bnrg,  a  post-village  in  West  Mahoning  town- 
ship, Indiana  co.,  Pa.,  on  Little  Mahoning  Creek,  20  miles 
N.  of  Indiana.  It  has  4  churches,  a  foundry,  and  a  flour- 
mill.     Pop.  300. 

Smidar,  smeo'dar,  or  Smidary,  a  town  of  Bohemia, 
3  miles  N.  of  Neu-Bidschow.     Pop.  1835. 

Smieiiuorsk,  Siberia.    See  Smeinogoksk. 

Smiev,  sme-fiv',  written  also  Smijew,  a  town  of  Rus- 
sia, government  and  22  miles  S.E,  of  Kharkov,  on  the 
Donets.     Pop.  4050. 

Smi'ley,  a  hamlet  of  Susquehanna  co..  Pa.,  in  Gibson 
township,  about  16  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Carbondale. 

Smi'leytown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Spencer  co.,  Ky.,  15 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Bardstown.     It  has  3  churches. 

Smiritz,  smee'rits,  or  Smiercicze,  sm'yfiRt-see'chi, 
a  town  of  Bohemia,  10  miles  from  Koniggrdtz.     Pop.  1708. 

Smith,  an  island  in  the  Antarctic,  the  westernmost  of 
the  South  Shetlands,  in  lat.  63°  2'  S.,  Ion.  62°  47'  W, 

Smith,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kansas,  bordering 
on  Nebraska,  has  an  area  of  900  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  North  Fork  of  Solomon  River,  and  also 
drained  by  Beaver,  Cedar,  and  Oak  Creeks.  The  surface 
is  undulating.  The  soil  is  fertile.  The  greater  part  of  it 
is  prairie,  which  produces  good  natural  pasture.  Indian 
corn  and  wheat  are  among  the  staple  products.  Limestone 
abounds  here.  Capital,  Smith  Centre.  Pop.  in  1870,  66  :  in 
1875,  3876;  in  1877,  5827  j  in  1878,  8315;  in  1880, 13.883. 


Smith,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Mississippi 
has  an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
Leaf  lUver  and  Strong  River.  The  surface  is  undulatinrr 
or  nearly  level,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  pjnc 
oak,  magnolia,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  sundy.  Cot^ 
ton,  Indian  corn,  and  ])ork  are  the  staple  products.  Capi. 
tal,  Raleigh.  Valuation  of  real  nnd  personal  estate,  $750,320 
Pop.  in  1870,  7126;  in  1880,  8088. 

Smith,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of 
about  400  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Cumber- 
land River,  and  also  droined  by  the  Caney  Fork  of  that  river. 
The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests  of  the  oak,  black  walnut,  j)oplar  or  tulip-tree, 
<tc.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  tobacco,  wheat,  oau, 
cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Limestone  under- 
lies a  large  part  of  the  county.  Capital,  Carthiige.  Valua- 
tion of  real  and  personal  estate,  $7,602,360.  Pop.  in  1870, 
15,994,  of  whom  15,979  were  Americans;  in  1880,  17,799. 

Smith,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area 
of  about  lOOU  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by 
the  Sabine  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Neclies,  and  ii 
partly  drained  by  the  Angelina  River,  which  rises  in  it. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  hickory,  white  oak,  pine,  Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  intersected  by  the  International  & 
Great  Northern  Railroad.  Capital,  Tyler.  V^aluation  of 
real  and  personal  estate,  $1,841,230.  Pop.  in  1870, 16,532, 
of  whom  16,473  were  Americans;  in  1880,  21,863. 

Smith,  a  post-office  of  Dadeco.,  Ga.,  at  Sulphur  Springs 
Station  on  the  Alabama  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  31  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Chattanooga. 

Smith,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  670. 

Smith,  a  township  of  Posey  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  988. 

Smith,  a  township  of  Whitley  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1232. 

Smith,  a  township  of  Dade  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  504. 

Smith,  a  township  of  Laclede  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1146. 

Smith,  a  township  of  Worth  co..  Mo.     Pop.  889. 

Smith,  a  township  of  Belmont  co.,  0.     Pop.  1777. 

Smith,  a  township  of  Mahoning  co.,  0.     Pop.  1685. 

Smith,  a  township  of  Washington  co..  Pa.    Pop.  2067. 

Smithborough,  smith'bfir-ruh,  a  post-hamlct  of  Jas* 
per  CO.,  Ga.,  5  miles  from  Monticello.     It  has  a  church. 

Smithborough,  a  post-office  of  Bond  co.,  III.,  at  Hen- 
derson Railroad  Station,  14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Vandalia. 

Smithborough,  a  village  in  Tioga  township,  Tioga 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River  and  the  Erie  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  S.W.  of  Owego.  It  is  also  on  the  Southern 
Central  Railroad.  It  has  a  bridge  over  the  river,  and  2 
churches.     Pop.  304.     The  post-office  is  Smithsborough. 

Smith'burg,  a  post-hamlct  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Freehold,  Manalapan,  and  Millstone  townships,  5  miles 
S.W.  of  Freehold.     It  has  a  church. 

Smithburg,  a  post-hamlct  of  Campbell  co.,  Tenn.,  24 
miles  N.  of  Jacksborough.     It  has  2  stores.    Pop.  40. 

Smith  Centre,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Smith  co., 
Kansas,  65  miles  N.  of  Russell,  and  100  miles  N.W.  of  Sa- 
lina.    It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  and  3  churches. 

Smith  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Wakulla  co.,  Fla. 

Smith'dale,  a  post-office  of  Livingston  co..  111.,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Streator. 

Smithdale,  a  village  of  Amite  co..  Miss.,  11  miles  W. 
of  Summit.     It  has  2  churches. 

Smithfield,  a  former  name  of  Alsey,  111. 

Smith'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co..  111.,  in  Cass 
township,  on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw  Railroad,  43 
miles  AV.S.W.  of  Peoria.     It  has  2  churches. 

Smithfield,  a  township  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind.   Pop.  1342. 

Smithfield,  a  village  in  Liberty  township,  Delaware 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  White  River,  1  mile  S.  of  Selma  Station,  which 
is  6  miles  E.  of  Muncie.   It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 

Smithfield,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.,  6  miles 
S.W.  of  Richmond. 

Smithfield,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  Iowa.   Pop.  760. 

Smithfield,  a  post-office  of  Graham  co.,  Kansas. 

Smithfield,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville,  Cincinnati  &  Lexington  Railroad,  35  miles  N.E. 
of  Louisville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  college,  and  a  flouring- 
mill.     Pop.  about  150. 

Smithfield,  a  post-hamlet  in  Smithfield  township, 
Somerset  eo..  Me.,  24i  miles  N.  of  Augusta.  It  has  a  saw- 
mill and  a  rake-factory.     Pop.  of  the  township,  704. 

Smithfield,  a  station  in  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Western  Maryland  Railroad,  30  miles  W.  by  N.  of  West- 
minster. 

Smithfield,  a  post-office  of  Wabasha  oo.,  Minn.,  about 
28  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Winona. 


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I  Smithfield,  a  post-village  of  Jasper  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
I  Missouri  &  Western  Railroad,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Carthage. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill.     Lead  is  found  near  it. 

Sinithfield,  a  township  of  Madison  oo.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
1227.     It  contains  Peterborough. 

Smithfield,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Johnston  co., 
N.C.,  in  Smithlield  township,  on  the  Neuse  River,  27  miles 
S.B.  of  Raleigh,  and  4  miles  from  Sclma,  a  station  of  the 
railroad  between  Raleigh  and  Goldsborough.  It  has  4 
churches  and  a  carriage-shop.     P.  415;  of  township,  2864. 

Sinithfield,  a  post-village  in  Smithfield  township,  Jef- 
ferson CO.,  0.,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Steubenville,  and  12  miles 
B.  of  Cadiz.  It  has  several  churches,  a  national  bank,  a 
graded  school,  a  newspaper  ofiice,  a  planing-mill,  and  5  dry- 
goods  stores.  Pop.  615;  of  the  township,  1761.  Wool  is 
its  staple  product. 

Smithfield,  a  station  in  Jefferson  co.,  0.,  on  the  Pan- 
Ilandle  Railroad,  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Steubenville. 

Smithfield,  a  township  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.   Pop.  1790. 

Smithfield,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Georges  township,  on  the  Youghiogheny  River,  9  miles  S. 
of  Uniontown,  and  about  64  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It 
has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Smithfield,  a  hamlet  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Juniata  River,  opposite  Huntingdon.  It  has  about  15 
houses. 

Smithfield,  a  township  of  Monroe  co..  Pa.   Pop.  144.3. 

Smithfield,  a  township  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.  It 
contains  AUenville,  Spragueville,  Greenville,  Georgiaville, 
Ac.  Smithfield  Station  is  on  the  Providence  <fc  Springfield 
Railroad,  12i  miles  N.W.  of  Providence.  Pop.  of  town- 
ship, 2857. 

Smithfield,  a  post-village  of  Tarrant  co.,  Tex.,  10 
miles  from  Fort  Worth.  It  has  a  church,  2  stores,  and  a 
grist-mill. 

Smithfield,  a  post-village  of  Cache  co.,  Utah,  on  the 
Utah  Northern  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Logan.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  in  1880,  1177. 

Smithfield,  a  post- village  of  Isle  of  Wight  co.,  Va.,  on 
a  navigable  creek,  which  opens  into  the  estuary  of  James 
River,  about  24  miles  W.N.W.  of  Norfolk.  It  has  a  savings- 
bank,  3  churches,  and  a  graded  school.  A  steamer  plies 
daily  between  this  place  and  Norfolk.     Pop.  in  1880,  814. 

Smithfield,  village,  JeflTerson  co.,  W.  Va.     Pop.  361. 

Smith'field,  a  post-village  in  Northumberland  CO.,  On- 
tario, 5  miles  E.N.E.  of  Brighton.     It  has  2  stores. 

Smithfield  Sum'mit,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Bradford  co., 
Pa.,  about  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Elmira,  N.Y. 

Smitth  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Davie  co.,  N.C.,  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Winston.  It  has  a  church  and  a  tobacco- 
factory. 

Smith  Grove,  Snyder  co..  Pa.     See  Kueamer. 

Smith  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Wright  co.,  Minn.,  on 
the  St.  Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad,  47  miles  W.  of  Minneap- 
olis, and  on  a  lake  of  the  same  name.  It  has  a  flour-mill 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Smith'land,  a  post-hamlct  of  Columbia  co..  Ark.,  40 
miles  S.E.  of  Hope. 

Smithland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  oo.,  Ind.,  about 
28  miles  S.S.E.  of  Indianapolis.     It  has  a  church. 

Smithland,  a  post-village  of  Woodbury  eo.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Little  Sioux  River,  about  33  miles  S.E.  of  Sioux  City. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  graded  school. 

Smithland,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  eg.,  Kansas,  about 
60  miles  W.  of  Atchison. 

Smithland,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Livingston  co., 
Ky.,  is  on  the  Ohio  River,  just  below  the  mouth  of  the 
Cumberland,  and  about  15  miles  above  Paducah.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house,  3  churches,  and  8  stores.     Pop.  690. 

Smithland,  a  post-office  of  Pointe  Coup6e  parish,  La. 

Smithland,  a  post-office  of  Cedar  co..  Neb. 

Smith  Point,  a  post-office  of  Chambers  co.,  Tex.,  on  a 
long  cape  on  the  E.  side  of  Galveston  Bay,  20  miles  N.  of 
Galveston. 

Smith'port,  a  village  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.,  in  Banks 
township,  26  miles  N.E.  of  Indiana.  It  has  a  church. 
Here  is  Horton's  Post-Office. 

Smithport,  McKean  co..  Pa.    See  Smethport. 

Smith  River,  a  post-office  of  Del  Norte  co.,  Cal. 

Smith  Road,  a  post-hamlet  of  Medina  co.,  0.,  8  miles 
E.  of  Medina. 

Smith's,  a  station  on  the  Springfield,  Athol  &  North- 
eastern Railroad,  28  miles  N.E.  of  Springfield,  Mass. 

Smith's,  a  township  of  Dauphin  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  662. 

Smith's,  a  towns'hip  of  Robeson  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1684. 

Smith's,  a  station  in  Butler  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cincinnati, 
Ilamiltoa  &,  Dayton  Railroad,  21  miles  N.  of  Cincinnati. 


Smith's,  a  post-village  in  Westmoreland  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  2  miles  from  Shediac.     Pop.  150. 

Smith's  Basin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Champlain  Canal  and  the  Rensselaer  &  Sara- 
toga Railroad,  7i  miles  N.E.  of  Fort  Edward. 

Smithsborough,  Tioga  co.,  N.Y.   See  Smithborough. 

Smith's  Bridge,  township,  Macon  co.,  N.C.   Pop.  708. 

Smiths'burg,  or  Smith'burg,  a  post-village  of 
Washington  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Western  Maryland  Railroad,  9 
miles  E.  of  Hagerstown,  and  i  mile  from  the  South  Mountain. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  a  pottery,  a  cigar-factory, 
and  80  dwellings.     Pop.  459. 

Smith's  City,  Pettis  co..  Mo.    See  Smithton. 

Smith's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oceana  co.,  Mich., 
5  miles  E.  of  Pentwater.     It  has  a  church. 

Smith's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  18 
miles  S.E.  of  Middleburg  Station. 

Smith's  Corners,  a  hamlet  in  Greenville  township. 
Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  5i  miles  E.  of  Port  Jervis.  It  has  a 
cheese-factory.    See  also  Poplar  Ridge. 

Smith's  Cove,  a  post-village  in  Digby  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  Annapolis  Basin,  15i  miles  from  Annapolis. 

Smith's  Creek,  of  Warren  co.,  N.C,  flows  into  the 
Roanoke  River  a  little  N.  of  the  line  between  North  Caro- 
lina and  Virginia. 

Smith's  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Kimball  township, 
St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  11  miles 
S.W.  of  Port  Huron.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  » 
saw-mill. 

Smith's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Pamlico  co.,  N.C. 

Smith's  Creek,  township,  Warren  co.,  N.C.    P.  1062. 

Smith's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Va. 

Smith's  Cross'ing,  a  hamlet  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  &  Lafayette  Railroad,  6 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Greensburg.  It  has  a  church.  Here  is 
Wintersville  Post-Offiee. 

Smith's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of  Metcalf« 
CO.,  Ky.,  20  miles  from  Glasgow.     It  has  a  church. 

Smith's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mecklen- 
burg CO.,  Va.,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Boydton.  Near  it  are  3 
churches. 

Smith's  Falls,  a  town  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Lanark,  on 
the  Rideau  Canal,  and  on  the  Brockville  &  Ottawa  Railway, 
28  miles  N.W.  of  Brockville.  It  has  manufactories  of 
woollens,  farm-tools,  stoves,  ploughs,  axes,  machinery, 
leather,  wooden-ware,  Ac,  several  grist-  and  saw-mills,  5 
churches,  a  chapel,  and  a  number  of  stores.     Pop.  1500. 

Smith's  Ferry,  a  station  and  hamlet  of  Hampshire 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Connecticut  River,  and 
on  the  Connecticut  River  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Holyoke. 
It  has  a  woollen-mill. 

Smith's  Ferry,  a  post-hamlet  in  Ohio  township, 
Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Ohio  River,  con- 
tiguous to  Glasgow,  and  on  the  Cleveland  &  Pittsburg 
Railroad,  39  miles  below  Pittsburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Smith's  Ferry,  a  post-office  and  steamboat-landing 
of  Rhea  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Tennessee  River,  7  miles  above 
Washington. 

Smith's  Flat,  a  post-office  of  El  Dorado  eo.,  Cal. 

Smith's  Ford,  a  post-office  of  Cabarrus  co.,  N.C,  on 
Rocky  River. 

Smith's  Ford,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  S.C. 

Smith's  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Hardin  co.,  Tenn. 

Smith's  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Hampshire  co.,  W.  Va. 

Smith's  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Louisville  &  Great  Southern  Railroad,  14  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Bowling  Green.     It  has  4  churches.    Pop.  in  1880,  388. 

Smith's  Hill,  Ontario.    See  Carlow. 

Smith's  Island,  a  small  island  in  the  Delaware  River, 
opposite  Philadelphia. 

Smith's  Island,  an  island  of  New  Hanover  co.,  N.C, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Cape  Fear  River.  The  S.  extremity  is 
called  Cape  Fear.    It  has  a  light-house.     See  Cape  Fear. 

Smith's  Island,  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  off  the 
coast  of  Inverness  co..  Nova  Scotia,  2  miles  from  Port  Hood» 

Smith's  Landing,  a  post-village  of  Atlantic  co.,  N.J., 
on  an  inlet  of  the  ocean,  1  mile  from  Pleasantville  Station, 
and  about  7  miles  W.  of  Atlantic  City.     It  has  2  churches. 

Smith's  Landing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Hudson  River,  about  9  miles  below  Cntskill.  It  is 
1  mile  from  Germantown  Station,  which  is  on  the  other  side 
of  the  river. 

Smith's  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Clermont  co.,  0., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  4  miles  from  Felicity.  Tobacco  ia 
shipped  here  in  steamers. 

Smith's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Waseca  co.,  Minn.,  on 
the  Winona  &  St.  Peter  Railroad,  15  miles  E.  of  Mankato. 


SMI 


M82 


SMI 


Smith's  Mill,  a  po^t-oflioe  of  Junonu  co.,  Wis.,  on 
the  Wi.'iouiKsin  Valley  liuilruad,  at  Smith's  SUUiun,  24  milee 
N.K.  of  Totutth. 

Smith's  Itlills,  a  post-hainlct  of  Jospor  co.,  Oa.,  on 
tho  Ooiuulgoe  Kiver,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Forsyth.  It  haa  a 
woollen-mill  and  a  grist-mill. 

Smith's  Mills,  a  station  in  Floyd  oo.,  Ind.,  on  tho 
Louisville,  Now  Albany  &,  Chicago  Ilailroad,  6  miles  N.  of 
Now  Albany. 

Smith's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henderson  co.,  Ky., 
about  12  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Henderson.  It  has  an  academy 
and  2  ohurchc!<. 

Smith's  iMills,  Moss.    See  Nonrii  DA.nTMOUTn. 

Smith's  Mills,  a  post-hamlct  of  Carroll  co.,  Miss.,  15 
miles  S.W.  of  Grenada.     It  has  2  churches. 

Smith's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Passaic  oo.,  N.J.,  on 
the  New  Jersey  Midland  Railroad,  19  miles  N.W.  of  I'at- 
erson.     It  has  2  fluur-mills. 

Smith's  Mills,  a  post-hamlct  in  Ilnnovcr  township, 
Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  12  miles  E. 
of  Dunkirk.     It  has  a  flouring-mill,  a  tannery,  Ac.    P.  128. 

Smith's  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  6 
miles  N.  of  Gouvorneur.  It  has  a  saw-uill  and  a  cheese- 
factory. 

Smith's  Mills,  Clearfield  co..  Pa.     See  Janesville. 

Smith's  Milts,  Ontario.     See  Dbmoukstvillb. 

Smith'son's  Valley,  a  post-hamlct  of  Comal  co., 
Tcs.,  12  miles  N.W.  of  New  Braunfels. 

Smith's  Point,  Chesapeake  Bay,  the  southernmost 
point  of  land  at  the  entrance  of  the  Potomac  River.  On  it 
is  a  light-house  showing  a  fixed  light,  85  feet  high. 

Smith's  Ranch,  California.    See  Uodrga  Corners. 

Smith's  llidgc,  a  post-offico  of  Fairfield  co.,  Conn., 
about  18  miles  W.  of  Bridgeport. 

Smith's  Uiver,  a  village  of  Del  Norte  co.,  Cal.,  near 
the  Pacific,  14  miles  N.  of  Crescent  City.  It  has  a  salmon- 
fishery.     Chrome  is  found  here.     Pop.  of  township,  564. 

Smith's  Sound,  a  body  of  water  at  the  N.  extremity 
of  Baffin's  Bay.  It  was  surveyed  by  the  United  States  ex- 
pedition under  Dr.  Kane  in  1854,  and  found  to  terminate 
towards  the  N.E.  in  a  gulf  110  miles  in  length. 

Smith's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Lee  co.,  Ala.,  on  tho 
Western  Railroad.  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Columbus,  Ga. 

Smith's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Hinds  co..  Miss.,  on 
the  Vick:3burg  &,  Meridian  Railroad,  about  14  miles  E.  of 
Vicksburg. 

Smith's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Hanover  Branch  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Hanover.  It 
has  a  church. 

Smith's  Turn-Out,  a  post-office  of  York  co.,  S.C.,  on 
the  Charlotte,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  at  Smith's 
Station,  75  miles  N.  of  Columbia.     Here  are  2  stores. 

Smith's  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Ind. 

Smith's  Valley,  New  Y'ork.     See  Ra.ndallsville. 

Smith'ton,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ga. 

Smithton,  St.  Clair  co..  111.     See  Gkoroetown. 

Smith'ton,  or  Smith's  City,  a  post-village  of  Pettis 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  181  miles  W.  of 
St.  Louis,  and  S  miles  E.  of  Sedalia.  It  has  4  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  flour,  ploughs,  and  wagons.  Pop.  309. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Smithton. 

Smithton,  a  post-village  in  South  Huntingdon  town- 
ship, Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Youghiogheny  River 
and  the  Pittsburg,  AVashington  <t  Baltimore  Railroad,  39 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a  machine- 
shop,  coke-works,  a  grain-warehouse,  and  manufactures  of 
p.aper,  flour,  and  bricks. 

Smithton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Doddridge  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Baltimore  k  Ohio  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Middle 
Island  Railroad,  24  miles  W.  of  Clarksburg.  It  has  a 
church, 

Smith'town,  a  hamlet  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  4  miles 
from  Mechanicsville.     It  has  a  church. 

Smithtown,  a  hamlet  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Broome  township,  13  miles  S.  of  Middleburg.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Smithtown,  a  post-village  in  Smithtown  township, 
Sufiblk  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Nissequague  River,  and  on  the 
Smithtown  A  Port  Jefferson  Railroad,  48  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Brooklyn.  It  h.as  a  grist-mill  and  a  woollen-mill.  The 
township  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Long  Island  Sound, 
and  has  7  churches.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 2387. 

Smithtown,  a  hamlet  of  Monongalia  co.,  W.  Va.,  8 
miles  N.  of  Fairmont.  It  has  2  churches,  2  stores,  and  a 
flouring-raill.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  White  Day. 

Smith'town,  a  post- village  in  Kings'  co.,  New  Bruns- 


wick, 4  miles  from  Ossckeag.   It  contains  2  saw-  and  Krii<ti 
mills,  2  woollcn-faotories,  Ac.     Pop.  150. 

Smithtown  Branch,  a  post-village  in  Smithtuw 
townsliin,  Suflolk  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Smithtown  A  Port  Jd 
forson   Railroad,  50  miles  from  New  York  City.    It  boi 
churches  and  about  35  houses.     Pop.  near  300. 

Smith  Valley,  a  poist-hamlet  in  Hector  townabinj 
Schuyler  oo.,  N.Y.,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Havana. 

Smith'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  Ala,,  abou' 
34  miles  S.  of  Eufaula.  It  has  2  churches.  It  is  on  a  lar^ 
creek,  and  has  extensive  water-power. 

Smithvillc,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ark.,  abou 
30  miles  N.E.  of  Batesville.  It  contains  3  churches,  iln 
Smith ville  Institute,  a  woollen-mill,  and  zinc-workg. 

Smithville,  a  post-village  of  Lee  co.,  Ga.,  on  Muck 
alee  Creek  and  the  Southwestern  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  ol 
Americus,  and  24  miles  N.  of  Albany.  It  has  2  churcb<  : 
and  an  academy.     Pop,  about  400. 

Smithvillc,  a  post-hamlet  of  Peoria  co..  III.,  about  V. 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Peoria.     It  has  2  churches. 

Smithville,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  Ind.,  on  tli( 
Louisville,  New  Albany  A  Chicago  Railroad,  89  inilu 
N.N.W.  of  New  Albany.     It  has  2  churches. 

Smithville,  a  post-office  of  Bullitt  co.,  Ky. 

Smithvillc,  a  hamlet  of  Calvert  co.,  Md.,  10  miles  S.K 
of  Upper  Marlborough.  It  has  2  churches  and  2  store* 
Here  is  Dunkirk  Post-Office. 

Smithville,  a  post-village  of  Caroline  co.,  Md.,  20 
miles  E.  of  Easton,  and  6  miles  from  Fcdcralsburg.  It  Lai 
a  church,  2  flour-mills,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Smithville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Worcester  co.,  Mais.,  in 
Barre  township,  on  the  Ware  River,  about  17  miles  N.W. 
of  Worcester.     It  has  a  cotton-mill. 

Smithville,  a  post-hamlct  of  Monroe  co.,  Miss.,  2} 
miles  E.  of  the  Tombigbee  River,  and  24  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Aberdeen.     It  has  2  churches. 

Smithville,  a  hamlet  of  Bollinger  co..  Mo.,  17  milci 
E.N.E.  of  Marquand  Station.  It  has  a  church  and  3  store:!. 
Here  is  Scdgewickville  Post-Office. 

Smithville,  a  post-village  of  Clay'co.,  Mo.,  on  Smith's 
Fork  of  Platte  River,  about  24  miles  N.  of  Kanens  City. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  in  1880,  231. 

Smithville,  a  post-village  in  Westhampton  township, 
Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  on  Rancocas  Creek,  and  on  the  rail- 
road between  Mount  Holly  and  Pemberton,  2  miles  E.  of 
the  former.  It  has  a  church,  a  public  hall,  a  ncwsjiapcr 
office,  a  foundry,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  machine-shop.  I'up. 
about  350. 

Smithville,  township,  Chenango  co.,  N.Y.    Pop.  1405. 

Smithville,  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.     See  South  Alabama. 

Smithville,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  W.  border  of  Adams  township,  about  12  miles  S.W.  of 
Watertown.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  car- 
riages and  furniture.     Pop.  about  250. 

Smithville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Brunswick  co., 
N.C.,  is  on  the  sea-coast,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Cajve  Fear 
River,  30  miles  S.  of  Wilmington.  It  has  a  safe  harbor, 
which  is  defended  by  Fort  Johnson  and  Fort  Caswell.  It 
has  4  churches.     Pop.  1008;  of  Smithville  township,  2116. 

Smithville,  Franklin  co.,  0.    See  Black  Lick. 

Smithville,  a  post-village  in  Green  township,  Wayne 
CO.,  0.,  on  Sugar  Creek,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Wooster,  and  li 
miles  N.  of  Smithville  Station  of  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne 
A  Chicago  Railroad.  It  has  a  high  school,  4  churches,  ond 
a  money-order  jlost-office.     Pop.  in  1880,  546. 

Smithville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  60 
miles  W.  of  Philadelphia,  and  2  jniles  W.  of  New  Providence. 

Smithville,  Rhode  Island.    See  North  Scitcatk. 

Smithvillc,  township,  Abbeville  co.,  S.C.    Pop.  1519. 

Smithville,  a  township  of  Marlborough  co.,  S.C. 
Pop.  in  1880,  2630. 

Smithville,  a  post-office  of  Sumter  co..  S.C. 

Smithville,  apost-village,  capital  of  De  Kalbco.,Tenn., 
about  60  miles  E.  by  S.  of  N.ishville.  It  has  4  churches, 
an  academy,  8  general  stores,  a  carriage-shop,  a  tannery, 
and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  500. 

Smithville,  a  post-office  of  Ba.strop  co.,  Tex. 

Smithville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Charlotte  co., 
Va.,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Drake's  Branch  Station,  which  is  81 
miles  AV.S.W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  4  churches,  a  bank, 
and  a  newspaper  office. 

Smithvillc,  a  village  of  Ritchie  co.,  AV.  Va.,  on  the 
South  Fork  of  Hughes  River,  12  miles  S.  of  IlarrisviUe. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Smithville,  a  post-hamlct  of  Milwaukee  co.,  "is.,  in 
Wauwatosa  township,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Milwaukee.  It  hM 
3  churches  near  it. 


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Smithville,  a  post-village  in  Lincoln  cc,  Ontario,  on 
the  Jordan  or  Twenty-Mile  Creek,  8  miles  S.  of  Grimsby. 
It  has  iron-foundries,  saw-  and  grist-mills,  a  number  of 
stores,  and  3  hotels.     Pop.  350. 

Smithville  Flats,  a  post-village  in  Smithville  town- 
ship, Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Geneganset  River,  5  miles 
N.  of  Greene  Station,  and  on  the  Central  Valley  Railroad, 
about  22  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Binghamtoii.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  grist-mill,  and  1  or  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  about  300. 

Smithville  South,  a  post-hamlet  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y., 
1  mile  from  Ridgewood  Station. 

Smithville  Station,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Wayne  co.,  0., 
on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  <fc  Chicago  Railroad,  5i  miles 
N.E.  of  Wooster.     Here  are  4  dwellings. 

Smith'wick  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Curnet  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  Colorado  River,  about  36  miles  N.W.  of  Austin.  It 
has  a  grist-mill  and  saw-mill. 

Srait'souville,  a  post-office  of  Uanson  co.,  Kj.,  22 
miles  N.  of  Paris. 

Smitten,  Indiana  co.,  Pa.    See  Trade  City. 

Smoke's  Creek,  Erie  cc,  N.Y.,  falls  into  Lake  Erie. 

Smoke's  Cross  Roads,  a  hamlet  of  Colleton  co., 
S.C,  12  miles  from  Branchville.     It  has  a  church. 

.Smoke'town,  a  hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  in  East 
Lampeter  township,  1  mile  from  Bird  in  Hand. 

Smo'ky  Bay,  an  inlet  on  the  S.  coast  of  Australia, 
immediately  N.W.  of  Streaky  Bay,  in  Eyre  Land.  Lat. 
32°  30'  S.;  Ion.  135°  45'  E. 

Smo'ky  City,  a  station  in  "Venango  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  4i  miles  S.E.  of  Franklin. 

Smoky  Dome,  North  Carolina,  a  mountain-peak  in 
the  W.  part  of  the  state,  in  or  near  Yancey  co.     Its  alti- 
tude is  computed  to  be  6660  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 
«Smoky  Ilill,  a  township  of  Davis  co.,  Kansas.    Pop. 
1138,  exclusive  of  Junction  City. 

Smoky  Hill,  a  post-office  and  Swedish  settlement  in 
Union  township,  McPherson  co.,  Kansas,  near  the  Smoky 
Hill  River,  26  miles  S.  of  Salina. 

.Smoky  Hill,  a  township  of  McPherson  co.,  Kansas. 
Poo.  in  1880,  1177.     It  includes  Lindsborg. 

Smoky  Hill,  a  township  of  Saline  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
912,  exclusive  of  Salina. 

Smoky  Hill  River,  or  Smoky  Hill  Fork  of  the 
Kansas,  rises  in  the  E.  part  of  Colorado,  and  soon  passes 
into  the  state  of  Kansas.  It  runs  eastward  with  little 
deviation  from  a  direct  course,  intersects  the  cos.  of 
Gove,  Trego,  Ellis,  Russell,  and  Ellsworth,  and  unites  with 
the  Solomon  River  about  10  miles  AV.  of  Abilene.  Its 
length  is  estimated  at  400  miles.  It  traverses  extensive 
fertile  prairies. 

Smoky  Hollow,  New  York.    See  IIollowvit.i.e. 

Smoky  Mountains,  also  called  Unaka,  or  Unicoi, 
a  range  of  the  Appalachian  system,  extends  along  the 
boundary  between  North  Carolina  and  Tennessee.  Among 
its  highest  peaks  are  Mount  Guyot  (6636  feet)  and  Cling- 
man's  Peak  (6660  feet). 

Smoky  Or'dinary,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brunswick  co., 
Va.,  about  33  miles  S.S.W.  of  Petersburg.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Smoky  Point,  a  headland  of  East  Australia,  35  miles 
N.E.  of  Port  Macquarie. 

Smoky  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Carter  co.,  Ky. 

Smoland,  Sweden.    See  Smalanu. 

Smolen,  smo'l^n,  an  island  off  the  coast  of  Norway,  3 
miles  W.S.AV.  of  Hitteren.  Lat.  63°  20'  N.  Length,  15 
miles;  central  breadth,  10  miles. 

Smolensk,  smo-ISnsk',  or  Smolensko,  smo-ldn'sko, 
a  government  of  Russia,  mostly  between  lat.  53°  20'  and 
66°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  30°  30'  and  35°  25'  E.,  enclosed  by  the 
governments  of  Moheelev,  Vitebsk,  Pskov,  Tver,  Moscow, 
Kalooga,  Orel,  and  Chernigov.  Area,  21,638  square  miles. 
Pop.  in  1882,  1,191,172.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and 
in  some  parts  marshy.  The  principal  rivers  are  the  Dnie- 
per, DUna,  Gzhat,  Oka,  and  Ipoot.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and 
corn,  hemp,  flax,  tobacco,  and  hops  are  raised.  Few  cattle 
are  reared,  but  hogs  and  bees  in  great  numbers.  The  for- 
ests are  very  extensive  and  valuable.  Iron,  copper,  and 
salt  are  found.  The  manufactures  comprise  leather,  glass, 
and  pitch.  The  raw  produce  of  the  government  is  exported 
in  large  quantities  to  Riga,  Vilna,  and  Moscow. 

Smolensk,  a  town  of  Russia,  capital  of  the  above  gov- 
ernment, on  the  Dnieper,  250  miles  W.S.'W.  of  Moscow. 
Pop.  35,820.  It  is  enclosed  by  massive  walls,  and  is  the 
Bee  of  a  Russian  archbishop.  The  principal  public  edifices 
are  handsome  cathedrals,  many  churches,  an  episcopal 
palace,  and  monasteries.  It  has  a  diocesan  seminary,  a 
college,  a  military  school,  several  hospitals,  a  house  of 


correction,  assembly-rooms,  manufactures  of  linens,  soap, 
leather,  and  carpets,  and  a  considerable  export  of  grain  and 
flax. 

Smolin,  a  township  of  Saline  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  609. 

Smyrna,  smir'na  (Turk.  Izmeer,  lamir,  or  Izmir,  iz- 
mecB' ;  Fr.  Smynie,  smeenn),  a  city  and  seaport  of  Asia 
Minor,  and  the  chief  commercial  emporium  of  West  Asia, 
capital  of  the  vilayet  of  Aidin,  on  a  plain  at  the  head  of 
the  Gulf  of  Smyrna,  and  partly  upon  the  declivity  of  Mount 
Pagus,  which  is  crowned  by  a  citadel,  a  structure  of  the 
thirteenth  century.  Lat.  of  Daraghaz  point,  38°  26'  5"  N.; 
Ion.  27°  9'  7"  E.  Pop.  160,000,  of  whom  40,000  are  Turks, 
80,000  Greeks,  15,000  Jews,  6U00  Armenians,  and  15,000 
Franks.  It  has  a  fine  appearance  from  the  sea,  but  is  in 
general  wretchedly  built;  the  houses  are  mostly  of  wood, 
and  only  one  story  in  height;  the  streets  are  narrow. 
Railways  connect  it  with  Aidin  and  Ala-Shehr.  The 
Frank  and  Greek  quarters  extend  for  about  2i  miles  along 
the  shore;  above  these  is  the  Armenian  quarter,  and  the 
Turks  occupy  all  the  upper  parts  of  the  city,  having  be- 
tween them  and  the  Armenians  two  close  quarters  in- 
habited by  the  Jews.  The  principal  edifices  are  the  bazaar 
and  market-place,  the  vizier-khan,  constructed  of  the 
marble  ruins  of  the  ancient  theatre,  the  palace  of  the  gov- 
ernor, barracks,  syn.agogues,  a  fine  Latin  cathedral,  Greek, 
Roman  Catholic,  Armenian,  and  Protestant  churches,  and 
about  20  mosques,  which  are  always  open  for  the  inspec- 
tion of  Christians  and  others.  Numerous  coffee-houses 
and  gardens  are  scattered  along  the  banks  of  the  river 
Meles,  which  enters  the  gulf  E.  of  the  city,  and  extensive 
cemeteries  occupy  portion  of  the  declivity  of  Mount  Pagus, 
on  which  are  various  remains  of  the  ancient  city.  Smyrna 
has  a  large  Armenian  academy,  and  it  is  the  residence  of 
consuls  of  most  of  the  principal  European  states.  It  is  the 
see  of  Greek,  Armenian,  and  Roman  Catholic  bishops. 

Smyrna  has  been  for  centuries  the  most  important  centre 
of  trade  in  the  Levant.  This  trade  has  been  carried  on 
both  by  shipping  and  the  caravans  of  Asia  Minor,  Syria, 
Bagdad,  and  Persia,  and  here,  as  well  as  in  Constantinople 
and  most  of  the  Turkish  towns,  the  Jews  have  become  the 
principal  agents  in  the  purchase  and  sale  of  commodities. 
'The  chief  imports  are  cotton  manufactures,  petroleum,  wool- 
len cloths,  coffee,  sugar,  iron,  steel,  lead,  tin,  hardware,  Ac. 
The  principal  exports  are  dried  fruits,  cotton,  silk,  goats'- 
hair,  sheep  and  camels'  wool,  rabbit-  and  hare-skins,  valo- 
nia,  madder,  opium,  yellow-berries,  rags,  grain,  sponges,  &o. 
It  has  suffered  repeated  vicissitudes,  especially  from  de- 
structive earthquakes  and  visitations  of  the  plague;  but  its 
admirable  situation  for  commerce  has  caused  it,  after  each 

calamity,  rapidly  to  regain  its  wonted  importance. Adj. 

and  inhab.  Smyuniot,  smir'ne-9t.     See  Gulf  of  Smykna. 

Smyrna,  smir'na,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  Del.,  on 
Duck  Creek,  about  36  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Wilmington,  10 
miles  N.  of  Dover,  and  1  mile  E.  of  the  Delaware  Railroad. 
The  Smyrna  Branch  of  that  road  connects  this  place  with 
Clayton.  Smyrna  contains  5  churches,  2  banks,  1  or  2 
newspaper  offices,  a  public  library,  2  hotels,  the  Smyrna 
Seminary,  and  has  manufactures  of  fiirming-implemcnts, 
peach-baskets,  sash,  doors,  flour,  Ac.  Large  quantities  of 
peaches  are  exported  from  this  place,  which  is  partly  sup- 
ported by  ship-building.     Pop.  in  1880,  2423. 

Smyrna,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cobb  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  West- 
ern &  Atlantic  Railroad,  15  miles  N.N.W.  of  Atlanta.  It 
has  a  church,  an  academy,  and  a  woollen-factory.    P.  259. 

Smyrna,  a  hamlet  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind.,  about  38  milea 
N.  of  Madison. 

Smyrna,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1486. 

Smyrna,  a  hamlet  of  Vanderburg  co.,  Ind.,  5  or  6 
miles  E.  of  Evansville. 

Smyrna,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarke  co.,  Iowa,  in  Frank- 
lin township,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Osceola.     It  has  2  churchec. 

Smyrna,  a  post-township  of  Aroostook  co..  Me.,  12 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Houlton.     Pop.  159. 

Smyrna,  a  post-village  of  Ionia  co.,  Mich.,  in  Otisco 
township,  on  Flat  River,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Ionia,  and  about 
23  miles  E.N.E.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has  2  churches,  ao 
iron-foundry,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  250. 

Smyrna,  a  post-village  in  Smyrna  township,  Chenango 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  &  Oswego  Midland  Railroad, 
Hi  miles  N.  of  Norwich,  and  34  miles  S.S.W.  of  Utica.  It 
contains  4  churches,  a  union  school,  &.o.  The  products  of 
the  dairy  are  the  staples  of  this  township.  Pop.  of  th« 
township,  1665. 

Smyrna,  a  post-hamlet  in  Smyrna  township,  Carteret 
CO.,  N.C.,  on  the  coast,  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Morehead  City. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  905. 

Smyrna^  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  oo.,  0.,  about  45 


SMY 


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miles  E.N.E.  of  Zancsrille.  It  has  a  church,  Tnanufacturea 
cf  carriages,  brooms,  and  leather,  and  about  30  houKos. 

Smyrna,  a  posl-hainlct  of  Liineastor  co.,  Pa.,  2i  iiiilos 
from  Christiana,  and  about  43  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia. 
It  has  a  church. 

Smyrna*  a  post-village  of  Rutherford  oo.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Nashville  &  Chattanooga  Ilailroad,  20^  miles  S.E.  of 
Nashville. 

Smyrna*  a  post-ofiice  of  Bedford  co.,  Va. 

Smyrna  Landing*  a  hamlet  and  steamboat-landing 
of  Kent  CO.,  Del.,  on  I}uok  Creek,  1  mile  from  Smyrna. 
Vessels  are  built  here.     Pop.  158. 

Smyrna  Mills*  a  post-office  of  Aroostook  co.,  Mo., 
about  16  miles  \Y.  of  Houlton. 

Smyrnc,  the  French  name  of  Smyuxa. 

Siiiyser's*  York  co.,  Pa.     Sec  Skvkx  Valleys. 

Smyth*  smith,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Virginia, 
bos  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  North,  Middle,  and  South  Forks  of  the  lloiston  River, 
which  run  nearly  soutbwestward.  The  surface  is  moun- 
tainous, and  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  N.W. 
part  is  traversed  by  a  long  ridge  called  Walker's  Mountain. 
The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  Wheat,  maize,  oats,  grass, 
and  cattle  are  staple  products.  Among  its  minerals  are 
limestone  and  gypsum.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad.  Capital,  Marion, 
Valuation  of  reivl  and  personal  estate,  $2,810,080.  Pop.  in 
1870,  8898,  of  whom  8870  were  Americans;  in  1880, 12,160. 

Smytheville*  smith'vll,  a  post-village  of  Trego  co., 
Kansas,  on  the  Saline  River,  6  miles  from  Collyer  Station. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  farm-implements. 

Snachwine*  snak'wine,  a  post-village  in  Snacbwine 
township,  Putnam  co..  111.,  on  the  Peoria  Branch  of  the 
Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Railroad,  at  Putnam  Station, 

39  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Peoria,  and  122  miles  from  Chicago. 
It  has  2  churches,  an  elevator,  and  a  flour-mill.  The  town- 
ship is  bounded  E.  by  the  Illinois  River.     Pop.  801. 

Snaith*  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West  Riding, 
on  the  Aire,  6i  miles  S.  of  Selby.     Pop.  991. 

Snake'bite*  a  township  of  Bertie  co.,  N.C.   Pop.  1336. 

Snake  Creek*  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Va.,  26 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Max  Meadows.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a 
lumber-mill. 

Snake  Island*  an  island  in  Lake  Simooc,  occupied  by 
the  Cliippewa  Indians.     Pop.  128. 

Snake  Island,  West  Indies.    See  Anouilla. 

Snake  Prairie*  a  post-office  of  Bastrop  co.,  Tex. 

Snake  (or  Lewis)  River  (the  Shoshone  of  the  abo- 
rigines), the  largest  branch  or  aiSuent  of  the  Columbia 
River,  rises  in  the  Rocky  Mountains,  near  the  AV.  border 
of  Wyoming,  and,  entering  Oneida  co.,  Idaho,  runs  south- 
westward  nearly  200  miles,  turns  to  the  right,  and  flows 
westward  along  the  S.  border  of  Alluras  co.,  and,  passing 
into  a  long  deep  cailon,  formed  of  basalt  or  volcanic  rocks, 
forms  a  grand  cataract  called  Shoshone  Falls  (which  see). 
It  subsequently  runs  northwestward  until  it  strikes  the 
eastern  boundary  of  Oregon,  near  the  mouth  of  Bois6  River, 
where  it  turns  to  the  right.  Below  this  point  it  forms  the 
boundary  between  Idaho  and  Oregon,  and  runs  northward 
to  Lewiston.  Turning  abruptly  to  the  left,  it  passes  into 
Washington,  in  which  it  flows  westward  and  enters  the 
Columbia  River  near  lat.  46°  12'  N.  and  Ion.  119°  W.  Its 
length  is  estimated  at  1050  miles.  It  traverses  a  very 
mountainous  country,  in  which  gold  is  found  and  basalt  is 
abundant.  It  runs  in  several  canons,  one  of  which  is  said 
to  bo  1000  feet  deep.  Its  navigation  is  obstructed  by  cata- 
racts and  rapids  at  several  places,  besides  the  Great  Sho- 
shone Falls.  Steamboats  can  ascend  it  to  Lewiston,  Idaho, 
—160  miles.  Its  largest  affluents  are  Henry's  Fork,  Boisd, 
Salmon,  Clearwater,  and  Palouso  Rivers,  coming  from  the 
right,  and  the  Owyhee  and  Malheur  Rivers,  from  the  left. 

Snake  River*  Minnesota,  rises  in  or  near  Aitkin  co., 
and  runs  southward  through  Kanabec  co.  to  Brunswick, 
where  it  turns  to  the  left.  It  next  runs  eastward  through 
Pine  CO.,  and  enters  the  St.  Croix  River  about  10  miles  E. 
of  Pine  City.     It  is  about  150  miles  long. 

Snake  River*  Nebraska,  rises  near  the  "Bad  Lands," 
runs  northeastward  through  the  Sand  Hills,  and  enters  the 
Niobrara  River  in  Ion.  100°  45'  W.     Length,  100  miles. 

Snake  Root,  a  post-office  of  McDowell  co.,  Va. 

Snake  Run,  a  station  in  Doddridge  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Middle  Island  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Smithton. 

Snake  Spring,  township,  Bedford  co..  Pa.    Pop.  631. 

Suap'per  Island*  off  the  E.  coast  of  Australia,  in 
Trinity  Bay.     Lat.  16°  17'  35"  S. ;  Ion.  145°  37'  E. 

Snap'ping  Shoals,  a  post-village  of  Newton  co.,  Ga., 

40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Atlanta.    It  has  a  church,  a  flouring- 


mill,  a  maehine-shop,  a  tannery,  and  an  academy.    Pop 
about  200.  *^' 

Snares*  snairs  (7),  four  email  islands  belonging  to  tht 
Koorils.     Lat.  48°  36'  N.  j  Ion.  153°  44'  E. 

Snares  Islands,  in  the  South  Pacific  Occnn,  S.  of 
Now  Zealand.  The  easternmost  is  in  lat.  48°  3'  S.,  ion. 
166°  45'  E. 

'Sne*  a  town  of  Upper  Egypt.    See  Esnkh. 
Snend's  Camp*  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Va. 
Sncad's  Ferry*  a  post-office  of  Onslow  oo.,  N.C.,  oa 
New  River,  about  3  miles  from  the  ocean. 

Sned'ekerville*  a  nost-hnmlet  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  at  Snedcker's  (or  Snedi- 
ker's)  Station,  15i  miles  S.  of  Elmira.    It  has  a  lunibcr-nilll. 

Sne'den's  Landing*  a  hamlet  of  Rockland  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Hudson  River,  2  miles  below  Picrmont,  and  adjacent 
to  the  village  of  Palisades. 

Sneedsborough,  sneedz'bQr-r&h,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Anson  co.,  N.C,  on  the  Yadkin  River,  about  65  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Charlotte. 

Sneedsville*  sneedz'vll,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Han- 
cock CO.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Clinch  River,  about  60  miles  in  a 
direct  lino  N.E.  of  Knosville.     Pop.  177. 

Sneehaetten*  Sneehftttan*  or  Sneehaettan, 
sni'hfit'tan  (i.e.,  "  snow-cap"),  a  mountain  of  Norway,  be- 
longing to  the  Dovrefleld  group.  Lat.  62°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  8' 
20'  E.  It  rises  to  the  height  of  8115  feet,  and  is  perjiotu- 
ally  covered  with  snow  and  ice. 

Sneek*  snaik,  or  Snits*  snits,  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  Friesland,  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lceuwardcn.  It  ii 
traversed  by  canals,  and  has  several  churches,  hospitals  and 
schools,  boat-building-yards,  rope-walks,  foundries,  Ac,  and 
a  trade  in  butter  and  cheese.     Pop.  8929. 

Snceuwbergen*  sno^'bfin'H^n,  a  range  of  mountains 
in  Cape  Colony,  being  the  E.  extension  of  the  Roggcveld 
and  Nieuveld  ranges. 

Snell'ing,  a  post-village  of  Merced  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Merced  River,  about  56  miles  S.E.  of  Stockton.  It  hns  a 
church,  3  distilleries  of  wine  or  brandy,  and  a  flouring-will. 

Snell's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Winnebago  co..  Wis., 
on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of 
Oshkosh. 

Snet'ters,  a  township  of  Darlington  co.,  S.C.   Pop.  771. 

Sni'abar*  a  township  of  Jackson  co..  Mo.     Pop.  2707. 

Sniatyn*  or  Snyatin,  sne-i'tin,  a  town  of  Austrian 
Galicia,  24  miles  E.  of  Kolomea,  on  the  Pruth.  It  has  a 
castle,  united  Greek  and  Armenian  churches,  and  numer- 
ous tanneries.     Pop.  10,305. 

Sni'bar*  or  Sni-a-Bar*  a  hamlet  of  Lafayette  co., 
Mo.,  in  Snibar  (or  Sniabar)  township,  about  32  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Kansas  City.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1550.  Here  is 
Bates  City  Post-Office. 

Snibs'ton*  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Leicester,  4 
miles  S.E.  of  Ashby-de-la-Zouch.     Pop.  (1871)  6S3. 

Snicarte*  sni-kar'te,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mason  co..  111., 
about  26  miles  N.  of  Jacksonville. 

Snick'ersville*  a  post-village  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va.,  at 
the  E.  base  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Round  Hill 
Station,  and  about  22  miles  E.S.E.  of  Winchester.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  spoke- factory. 

Sni'dersville*  a  post-office  of  Outagamie  co..  Wis. 

Sni  Mills*  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co..  Mo.,  16  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Pleasant  Hill.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Snipe's  Store*  a  post-office  of  Chatham  co.,  N.C,  17 
miles  S.  of  Hillsborough. 

Snits,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Sneek. 

Snizort,  Loch,  Iok  sni'z^rt,  Scotland,  a  deep  inlet  of 
the  sea,  in  Skye,  extending  inland  for  12  miles.  Breadth 
at  entrance,  6i  miles. 

Snod'dy's  Mills*  a  post-hamlet  of  Fountain  co.,  Ind., 
on  Coal  Creek,  about  44  miles  N.  of  Terre  Haute.  It  has  a 
flouring-mill. 

Snoho'mish*  a  northwestern  county  of  Washington, 
has  an  area  of  about  1500  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  Admiralty  Inlet  (which  is  navigable  for  large 
ships),  and  is  drained  by  the  Snoqualmie  and  Steilaquaiuisli 
Rivers.  The  E.  part  of  the  county  is  occupied  by  moun- 
tains of  the  Cascade  Range.  The  surface  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  fir,  cedar,  spruce,  and  other  trees. 
Lumber  is  one  of  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Snohomish. 
Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $138,570.  Pop.  in 
1870,  599,  of  whom  413  were  Americans;  in  1880,  1387. 

Snohomish*  a  post-village,  capital  of  Snohomish  co., 
Washington,  on  the  Snohomish  River,  about  9  miles  from 
its  entrance  into  Puget  Sound,  and  30  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Seattle.  It  has  a  church  and  a  newspaper  office.  Steameii 
ascend  the  river  to  this  place. 


SNO 


2485 


SOB 


Snohomish  River,  AVashington,  is  formed  by  the  Sky- 
wamish  and  Snoqualmie  Rivers,  which  unite  in  Snohomish 
CO.  It  runs  nearly  northwestward,  and  enters  Puget  Sound 
on  the  AV.  border  of  the  same  county,  about  18  miles  from 
the  junction  of  the  branches.  Small  steamers  can  asuend 
this  river  (and  one  branch)  about  50  miles. 

Sno'komo,  a  post-office  of  Wabaunsee  co.,  Kansas. 

Snoqualmie,  sno-kw3,l'mee,  a  post-ofiSce  of  King  co., 
Washington,  on  the  Snoqualmie  River. 

Snoqualmie  River,  Washington,  rises  in  the  Cascade 
Range,  in  King  co.,  runs  northwestward,  and  unites  with 
the  Skywamish  to  form  the  Snohomish  River.  It  is 
nearly  70  miles  long.  About  35  miles  from  its  mouth  oc- 
curs a  cataract,  where  the  river  falls  270  feet  at  one  leap. 
At  or  near  its  source  is  the  Snoqualmie  Pass  through  the 
Cascade  Range.     This  is  an  important  thoroughfare. 

Snov,  or  Snow,  snof,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  N. 
part  of  the  government  of  Chernigov,  flows  S.S.W.,  and 
joins  the  Desna  10  miles  above  the  town  of  Chernigov. 
Total  course,  140  miles. 

Snow  Camp,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alamance  co.,  N.C., 
about  45  miles  AV.  by  N,  of  Raleigh.  It  contains  the  Sylvan 
High  School. 

Snow  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C. 

Snow  Creek,  a  township  of  Mitchell  co.,  N.C.    P.  385. 

SnoAV  Creek,  a  township  of  Stokes  co.,  N.C.  P.  1781. 

SnoAV  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smith  co.,  Tenn.,  28 
Siles  E.  of  Lebanon.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Snow  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  A'^a. 

Snow'den,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.    P.  1258. 

Snow'don,  the  most  lofty  mountain  of  AVales  and  South 
Britain,  co.  and  10  miles  S.E.  of  Carnarvon,  its  principal 
peak,  Y-Wyddva,  rising  to  3571  feet  above  the  sea.  Its 
\V.  side  is  very  precipitous,  and  partly  formed  of  basalt. 
Its  summit  commands  magnificent  views. 

Snowdon,  or  Snowdoun,  a  post-office  of  Montgom- 
ery CO.,  Ala.,  about  8  miles  S.  of  Montgomery. 

SnoAV  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oxford  co..  Me.,  in  Paris 
township,  near  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  3  miles  from 
AVest  Paris  Station.     It  has  a  paper-mill. 

SnoAV  Flake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Antrim  co.,  Mich.,  on 
a  chain  of  lakes,  17  miles  N.AV.  of  Mancelona. 

Snow  Hill,  a  post-haralet  of  AVilco.t  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Selma  &  Gulf  Railroad,  30  miles  S.  of  Selma.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Snow  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Catoosa  co.,  Ga.,  10  miles 
S.AV.  of  Ringgold. 

Snow  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind.,  near 
the  Cincinnati,  Richmond  <fc  Fort  AVayne  Railroad,  19  miles 
N.  of  Richmond. 

Snow  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Page  co.,  Iowa,  in  Lin- 
coln township,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Shenandoah.  It  has  a  grist- 
mill and  2  stores. 

Snow  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Labette  co.,  Kansas. 

Snow  Hill,  a  post-village,  capital  of  AVorcester  co., 
Md.,  on  the  navigable  Pocomoke  River,  about  20  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Salisbury,  and  5  miles  from  Chincoteague  Sound. 
It  is  the  southern  terminus  of  the  AVicomico  &  Pocomoke 
Railroad,  and  contains  a  court-house,  5  churches,  a  high 
school,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  steam  saw-mills,  a  steam  flour- 
mill,  and  a  planing-mill.  Steamboats  run  twice  a  week 
'rom  Baltimore  to  Snow  Hill.     Pop.  in  1880,  1276. 

Snow  Hill,  a  village  of  Camden  co.,  N.J.,  in  Centre 
township,  2  miles  S.  of  lladdonfield.     It  has  2  churches. 

Snow  Hill,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Greene  co.,  N.C, 
in  Snow  Hill  township,  on  Contentnea  Creek,  about  70 
miles  E.S.B.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  carriage- 
dhop.     Pop.  320;  of  the  township,  2650. 

Snow  Hill,  a  post-office  of  James  co.,  Tenn. 

Snow  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Nicholas  co.,  AV.  Va. 

Snow  Island,  South  Shetland,  in  the  South  Atlantic 
Ocean,  S.AV.  of  Livingston's  Island,  is  25  miles  long. 

Snow  Mass  Mountain,  Colorado,  a  mountain  of  the 
Elk  Range,  in  lat.  39°  7'  12"  N.,  Ion.  107°  3'  44"  AV.  Its 
altitude  is  13,970  feet  above  the  sea-level.  It  has  a  nucleus 
of  granite,  and  is  very  rugged  and  precipitous.  It  was 
named  from  an  immense  field  of  snow  on  its  eastern  face. 

Snow  Shoe,  a  post-village  in  Snow  Shoe  township. 
Centre  co.,  Pa.,  22  miles  N.AV.  of  Bellefwnte,  and  about  28 
miles  AV.  of  Lock  Haven.  It  is  on  the  Bellefonte  A  Snow 
Shoe  Railroad.  It  has  several  churches  and  hotels,  and 
manufactures  of  lumber  and  bricks.  Five  hundred  tons  of 
coal  are  shipped  here  daily.     Pop.  400 ;  of  township,  1410. 

Snows'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  Tex.,  65 
miles  AV.  of  AVaco. 

Snow  Village,  Hastings  co.,  Ontario.  See  Thurlow. 
■  -Snowville,  Choctaw  CO.,  Miss.    See  Springfield. 


SnoAv'ville,  a  post-village  of  Box  Elder  co.,  Utah,  28 
miles  N.E.  of  Kelton.     It  has  a  church. 

SnoAVville,  a  post-village  of  Pulaski  co.,  Va.,  10  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Central  Depot.  It  has  a  church,  an  iron-foundry, 
a  woollen-mill,  and  several  stores. 

Snowy  Range,  a  term  applied  to  the  main  range  of 
the  Rocky  Mountains  in  Colorado.  Among  the  peaks  of 
this  range  are  Mount  Lincoln,  Long's  Peak,  and  Gray's 
Peak.     They  are  covered  with  perpetual  snow. 

Snyatin,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia.    See  S.viatvn. 

Sny'der,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, has  an  area  of  about  300  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  E.  by  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  is  drained  by 
Penn's  and  Middle  Creeks.  The  surface  is  mountainous, 
and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak, 
hickory,  chestnut,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  partly  fer- 
tile. Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and  lumber  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Lewis- 
town  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad.  Capital,  Mid- 
dleburg.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $10,126,209. 
Pop.  in  1870,  15.606;  in  1880,  17,797. 

Snyder,  a  post-office  of  Ashley  co..  Ark. 

Snyder,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dallas  co.,  Iowa,  near  the 
Des  Moines  River,  about  21  miles  N.AV.  of  Des  Moines. 

Snyder,  a  township  of  Blair  co..  Pa.    Pop.  1412. 

Snyder,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co..  Pa.     Pop.  792. 

Sny'dersburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  7 
miles  N.E.  of  AVestminster.     It  has  a  church. 

Snyder's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  AV.  Va. 

Sny'dersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Pa.,  21 
miles  N.  of  Easton. 

Sny'dertown,  a  village  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  io 
East  Amwell  township,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Ringoes.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  tannery. 

Snydertown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northumberland  co., 
Pa.,  on  Shamokin  Creek,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Northern 
Central  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of  Sunbury.  It  has  2 
churches. 

So'a,  or  So'ay,  an  island  of  the  Inner  Hebrides,  Scot- 
land, CO.  of  Inverness,  off  the  S.  coast  of  Skye.  Length, 
from  N.  to  S.,  3  miles;  breivlth,  2  miles.     Pop.  120. 

Soa,  an  island  of  Scotland,  adjacent  to  tlie  above,  and  1 
mile  in  circuit. 

Soak  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Raleigh  co.,  AV.  Va. 

Soane,  a  river  of  India.    See  Sone. 

Soap  Creek,  Iowa,  drains  part  of  Appanoose  co.,  runs 
eastward  through  Davis  co.,  and  enters  the  Des  Moines 
River  about  12  miles  below  Ottumwa. 

Soap  Creek,  a  township  of  Davis  co.,  Iowa.     P.  991. 

Soap'stone  Monnt,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co., 
N.C,  25  miles  S.S.E.  of  Greensborough. 

Soar,  sOr,  a  river  of  Leicestershire,  England,  flows 
generally  N.  through  the  centre  of  Leicestershire,  and  joins 
the  Trent  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Derby. 

Soave,  so-i'v4,  a  fortified  village  of  Italy,  12  miles  E. 
of  Verona.     Pop.  3445. 

So'ay,  Great  and  Little,  two  islands  of  the  Outer 
Hebrides,  Scotland,  co.  of  Inverness,  AV.  of  Harris. 

Soay,  a  small  island  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Sutherland,  near 
the  entrance  of  Loch  Inver.     See  also  SoA. 

Sobernheim,so'bfrn-hime\  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, 39  miles  S.  of  Coblentz,  on  the  Nahe.     Pop.  2550, 

Sobieski,  Clearfield  co..  Pa.    See  Mosha.n.nox. 

Sobieslau,  so-be-5s'low,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  23  miles 
N.N.B.  of  Budweis.     Pop.  3271. 

Soborg,  a  town  of  Denmark.    See  Soeboro. 

Sobotka,  so-bot'kd,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  13  miles  N.E. 
of  Buntzlau.     Pop.  3135. 

Sobradillo,  so-bri-neel'yo,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Leon, 
province  and  45  miles  AV.S.AV.  of  Salamanca.     Pop.  1337. 

Sobral,  so-bril',  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Estremadura, 
23  miles  N.  of  Lisbon.     Pop.  1089. 

Sobral,  so-bril',  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  and  130 
miles  W.N.AV.  of  Ceard. 

Sobran,  so-brln',  or  Yillajnan,  veel-yi-Hoo-in',  a 
town  of  Spain,  province  and  12  miles  from  Pontevedra,  on 
the  E.  shore  of  the  Bay  of  Arosa,  where  it  has  a  harbor. 

Sobraon,  so-bri-on'  (?),  a  town  of  India,  on  the  Sut- 
lej,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Ferozepoor. 

Sobrarbe,  so-braR'bi,  a  district  of  Spain,  in  the  Arngo- 
nian  Pyrenees,  extending  about  48  miles  in  length  and  40 
miles  in  breadth,  bounded  N.  by  France.  This  was  the 
cradle  of  the  Aragonese,  who  first  held  the  Saracen  invaders 
in  check  and  laid  the  foundations  of  the  liberties  of  Spain. 
They  assembled  as  early  as  819,  in  the  fastnesses  of  So- 
brarbe, where  were  drawn  up  the  laws  called  Fueros  do 
Sobrarbe,  the  model  of  those  of  many  other  places. 


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Sobrcira  Formosa,  «o-br&'e-r&  fon-mo'sA,  a  town 
of  Purlugal,  22  luiloa  W.S.^y.  of  Custello  Branco,  on  the 
Poractiuia.     Pop.  4184. 

SOby,  a  village  of  the  {Bland  of  Aertfe.    See  Soebt. 

Sucas'tcc,  a  township  of  Horry  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  725. 

Soccutoo,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Saccatoo. 

Suchnczew,  so-K&'chdv,  a  town  of  Poland,  govern- 
ment and  28  miles  W.  of  Warsaw.     Pop.  5297. 

Social  Circle,  so'sh^l  sor'k^I,  a  post-villageof  AValton 
00.,  Ga.,  on  the  Georgia  Itailroad,  51  miles  £.  by  S.  of  At- 
lanta. It  contains  an  academy,  2  churches,  11  stores,  a 
flour-mill,  a  tannery,  <tc.     Pop.  in  1S80,  606. 

Social  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hot  Spring  co.,  Ark.,  7 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Malvern.  It  has  2  churches,  a  distillery, 
and  a  seminary.    Pop.  128. 

Socialville,  so'sh^l-vll,  a  post-hamlct  of  Warren  co., 
0.,  in  Dcorfiold  township.     It  has  a  church. 

Soci'ety  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Maoon  co.,  Ala.,  about 
60  miles  E.  of  Montgomery.  It  has  2  churches  and  an 
academy. 

Society  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Darlington  co.,  S.C, 
•n  the  Groat  Pedce  River  and  the  Chcraw  &  Darlington 
Railroad,  is  I  mile  from  Dove's  Depot,  and  13  miles  S.  of 
Cheraw.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  in  1880,  501. 

Soci'ety  Islands  (Fr.  Archipel  de  Tahiti,  au'sheo'- 
pfil'  d?h  ti'eeHee',  or  Ile»  de  la  SociStS,  eel  d§h  14  so^se-i.'- 
tA'  ;  Ger.  Societdtt  Inaeln,  Bo'se-^h-tAts*  in's^ln),  an  im- 
portant group  of  the  South  Pacific,  between  Int.  16°  11' 
and  17°  53'  S.  and  Ion.  148°  5'  and  151°  48'  W.,  and  be- 
tween the  Low  Islands,  which  almost  join  them  on  the  E., 
and  the  Friendly  Islands,  situated  at  a  greater  distance  on 
the  W.  The  group  consists  of  a  great  number  of  islands, 
arranged  mostly  in  two  groups :  namely,  the  Leeward,  or 
Society  Islands  proper,  of  which  the  principal  are  Iluahcinc, 
Raiatea,  Otaha,  and  Bolabola,  governed  by  native  chiefs; 
and  the  Tuhitian,  or  Windward  group,  under  a  French  pro- 
tectorate, and  comprising  the  islands  of  Tahiti,  Eimeo, 
Maitea,  and  other  less  important  islands.  The  French 
islands  are  nominally  under  a  line  of  native  queens,  with 
the  family  name  of  Pomare.  All  the  islands  are  elevated, 
and  more  or  less  mountainous. 

One  of  the  most  remarkable  features  in  the  vegetation  of 
Tahiti  is  the  extent  of  ground  occupied  by  the  guava  shrub. 
It  was  introduced  from  Norfolk  Island,  and  it  now  forms 
miles  of  woodland,  bearing  a  profusion  of  large  and  de- 
licious fruit.  The  scenery  of  Eimeo  is,  if  possible,  still 
more  attractive  than  that  of  Tahiti ;  and  almost  every 
island  of  the  group  has  been  described  by  navigators  in 
rapturous  terms.  Many  of  the  population  have  been  con- 
verted to  Christianity  by  missionaries,  who  have  also  in- 
troduced many  of  the  arts  of  civilized  life.  Papeiti,  the 
capital  of  Tahiti,  is  resorted  to  by  ships  for  commercial 
purposes.  Chief  exports,  cotton,  pearl-shell,  trepang,  cocoa- 
nuts,  sugar,  and  fruits. 

The  Society  Islands  appear  to  have  been  first  discovered 
in  1606,  by  the  Spanish  navigator  Pedro  Fernandez  de 
Quiros,  who  gave  to  Tahiti  the  name  of  La  Sagittnria.  It 
remained  unknown  to  the  rest  of  the  world  till  1767,  when 
Captain  Wallis  reached  Tahiti,  and,  believing  himself  the 
first  discoverer,  gave  it  the  name  of  King  George  Island. 
The  year  after,  it  was  touched  at  by  Bougainville;  but  by 
far  the  most  important  visit  was  that  of  1769,  made  by 
Captain  Cook,  in  company  with  Sir  Joseph  Banks,  for  tba 
purpose  of  observing  the  transit  of  Venus  across  the  sun's 
disk.  The  population  has,  like  many  of  the  other  groups 
of  the  Pacific,  remarkably  decreased.  Cook,  in  1774,  prob- 
ably very  much  overrated  it  at  200,000.  The  missionaries 
in  1797  made  it  only  16,050.  A  census  taken  about  1840 
reduced  it  to  10,000.  Pop.  in  1875  of  the  Tahitian  group, 
10,703  (of  whom  8091  were  of  the  native  race) ;  of  the  re- 
maining islands,  4000. 

Sockna,  sok'nd,,  written  also  Sokna  and  Sukna, 
Book'nA,  a  walled  town  of  Fezzan,  between  Tripoli  and 
Moorzook,  and  110  miles  S.  of  the  Tripoli  frontier.  Lat. 
29°  N.;  Ion.  16°  E.     Pop.  3000. 

Socobos,  so-ko'Boce,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  37 
miles  from  Albacete.     Pop.  1139. 

Soconusco,  so-ko-noos'ko,  a  town  and  district  of 
Mexico,  state  of  Chiapa,  the  district  consisting  of  a  strip 
of  territory  on  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Length,  120  miles ; 
average  breadth,  40  miles.  The  town  is  situated  about  40 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Chiapa. 

Socorro,  so-kor'ro,  a  large  county  in  the  W.  part  of 
New  Mexico,  borders  on  Arizona.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Rio  Grande,  and  partly  drained  by  the  llio  Gila.  The  sur- 
face is  diversified  by  mountains  and  arid  table-lands,  in 
which  water  and  timber  are  scarce.    A  long  range,  called 


Sierra  de  lo«  Mimbros,  traverses  this  county  in  a  N.  nnd  S, 
direction.  The  soil  requires  irrigation  to  render  it  fertile. 
Wheat,  maize,  and  wool  are  the  staples.  Capital,  Socorro. 
Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $3,600,000.  Pon 
in  1870,  6603;  in  1880,  7875.  '' 

Socorro,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Socorro  co..  New 
Mexico,  on  the  Av.  bank  of  the  Rio  Grande,  about  80  mil.  j 
S.  of  Albuquerque.  It  has  2  churches  and  several  flour 
mills.    Silver  is  found  near  it.    Pop.  in  1880,  1272. 

Socorro,  a  village  of  EI  Paso  co.,  Tex.     Pop.  627. 

Socorro,  an  island  of  Patagonia.    See  IltTAsini.iN, 

Socorro,  an  island  of  Mexico.    See  Rkvii.i.a-Ciigkdo. 

Socorro,  so-kon'iio,  a  town  of  the  United  States  of 
Colombia,  state  of  Boyacd,  65  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pamiilona 
Pop.  12,000  (?). 

Socorro  Mines,  a  poBt-office  and  mining-cninp  of  So- 
corro CO.,  New  Mexico,  about  30  miles  W.  of  Socorro.  Sil 
vcr  and  lead  are  found  here. 

Socotra,  Sokotrah,  so-ko'tril  or  sok'o-tr&,  Socoto- 
ra,  sok'o-to-rJ,  or  Soktra,  sok'tri,  (anc.  Dioscor'idit  In' 
tula),  an  island  in  the  Indian  Ocean,  120  miles  E.  of  Ca| 
Guardafui,  the  E.  extremity  of  Africa,  and  belonging  i  , 
Keshin,  a  petty  state  of  Arabia,  about  240  miles  distant. 
Tamarida,  its  ca])ital,  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  the  island,  is  in 
lat.  12°  39'  N.,  Ion.  54°  1'  2"  E.  Length,  from  E.  to  W., 
70  miles;  greatest  breadth,  20  miles.  Area,  et^tiinated  at 
1000  square  miles,  and  the  population  at  from  4000  to  5000, 
mostly  Arabs,  negroes,  and  descendants  of  Portuguese.  Its 
centre  is  a  chain  of  granite  and  limestone  mountains,  risiii;,' 
to  5000  feet  in  height,  around  which  a  belt  of  low  lunii, 
from  2  to  4  miles  across,  skirts  the  sea.  In  its  fertility  it 
presents  in  some  parts  a  favorable  contrast  to  the  adjacent 
mainlands.  The  climate  is  more  temperate  than  on  the 
adjacent  continent.  The  products  comprise  aloes  of  tbo 
finest  quality,  dragon's-blood  and  other  gums,  tamarinds, 
tobacco,  dates,  a  kind  of  millet,  and  ghee.  The  dumestio 
animals  are  oxen,  sheep,  goats,  camels,  and  civet-cuts.  The 
trade  is  mostly  with  Muscat,  whence  most  provisions  are 
imported.  The  British  government  subsidizes  the  goverijor 
of  the  island  and  the  Sultan  of  Keshin,  but  has  no  direct 

control  over  Socotra. Adj.  Soc'otkan  and  Socothi.ni;, 

sok'o-trin ;  inhab.  Socotiian. 

Socuellamos,  80-kw£l-yi'moce,  a  village  of  Spain, 
in  New  Castile,  province  of  Ciudad  Real,  102  miles  S.E.  of 
Madrid.     Pop.  2824. 

So'da  Creek,  a  post-town  of  British  Columbia,  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  Eraser  River,  26S  miles  above  Yale.  The 
Eraser  is  navigable  by  steamer  from  here  to  Qucsnel,  a  dis- 
tance of  60  miles  north. 

Sodah,  so'di,  an  island  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  Arabia,  in 
the  Curia-Muria  group,  3  miles  long  by  2  miles  broad. 
Highest  peak,  1310  feet. 

Soda  Hill,  a  post-oiiice  of  Watauga  co.,  N.C. 

Soda  JLake,  Louisiana,  is  in  Caddo  parish,  about  1 
mile  W.  of  Red  River,  and  4  miles  N.  of  Shreveport.  It 
is  the  central  part  of  a  large  expanse  of  water,  the  W.  por- 
tion of  which  is  called  Caddo  Lake  and  the  S.  part  Cron 
Lake.  These  are  connected  by  narrow  channels  with  Soda 
Lake,  which  is  about  16  miles  long.  The  surplus  water 
enters  Red  River.     This  lake  is  navigable  by  steamboatB. 

Soda  Springs,  a  post-ofiice  of  Placer  co.,  Cal.,  about 
12  miles  W.  of  Tahoe,  and  10  miles  E.  of  Soda  Springi 
Railroad  Station.     Here  is  a  mineral  .=)>ring. 

Soda  Springs,  a  post-oflUce  of  Oneida  eo.,  Idaho,  on 
the  Bear  River,  about  45  miles  N.N.E.  of  Malade  City. 
Here  are  some  remarkable  springs,  containing  carbonic 
acid  gas,  which  causes  the  water  to  appear  as  if  it  wM 
boiling.  The  taste  of  the  water  is  agreeably  pungent,  and 
slightly  metallic  from  the  presence  of  iron. 

So'daville,a  post-hamlet  of  Linn  co.,  Oregon,  18  miles 
S.E.  of  Albany.     It  has  a  mineral  spring. 

Soda  Works,  a  station  in  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  23  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Sod'dy,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad,  19  miles  N.  of  Chattanooga. 
It  has  4  churches,  several  grist-  and  saw-mills,  and  a  ma- 
sonic institute.     Coal  and  iron  ore  abound  here.    Pop.  434. 

Soderfors,  86'd§r-foKs\  a  village  of  Sweden,  la;n  and 
37  miles  N.W.  of  Upsal,  on  an  island  in  the  Dal-elf,  having 
a  largo  anchor-foundry,  employing  500  workmen. 

Soderhamn,  so'd^r-himn,  a  town  of  Sweden,  ]xn  and 
42  miles  N.  of  Gefle,  on  an  inlet  of  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia. 
Pop.  6234.  It  has  a  royal  manufactory  of  arms,  and  an 
export  trade  in  iron  and  timber. 

Soderkoping,  sci'dfr-ko'ping,  a  town  of  Sweden,  la;n 
and  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Linkoping,  on  the  Gotha  Canal.  1* 
miles  from  the  Baltic  Sea.     Pop.  1691. 


BOD 


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SOI 


Sddermannland,  so'd?r-mann-iant\  or  Suderma- 
aia,  soo'd?r-min'e-i,  an  old  province  of  Sweden,  now  sub- 
divided among  the  laens  of  Nykoping  and  Stockholm. 

Sodcro,  so'd?h-ro\  an  island  of  Sweden,  loen  of  Stock- 
holm, in  the  Aland  Strait.     Length,  7  miles. 

Sodertclge,  so'd?r-t5rgh?h,  a  town  of  Sweden,  laen 
and  18  miles  S.W.  of  Stockholm,  on  a  river  between  Lake 
Ma;lar  and  the  Baltic  Sea.     Pop.  3051. 

Sod'om,  a  post-hamlet  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  in  Liberty 
township,  about  1  mile  N.  by  E.  of  Church  Hill.  It  ha«  a 
ehurcb.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

So'dor  (originally  Sodoreys,the  Norse  for  "  southern 
islands"),  a  bishopric  which  originally  included  the  southern 
islands  of  Scotland  ;  but,  having  been  merged  in  that  of 
Man,  the  episcopal  jurisdiction  over  the  Scottish  islands 
finally  ceased.  The  bishop  of  the  Isle  of  Man  is  still  called 
Bishop  of  Sodor  and  Man,  and  the  islet  of  Holm  Peel, 
whereon  stands  the  cathedral,  is  officially  called  Sodor. 
See  Pkel. 

Sodorus,  Champaign  co.,  111.    See  SAnoKus. 

So'dus,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sodus  township,  Berrien  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  St.  Joseph  River,  6  miles  S.B.  of  Benton 
Harbor.  It  has  2  flour-mills  and  1  or  2  saw-mills.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  841. 

Sodus,  a  post-village  in  Sodus  township,  Wayne  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Lake  Ontario  Shore  Railroad  or  Rome,  Water- 
town  A  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  41  miles  W.S.W.  of  Oswego, 
and  about  30  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Rochester.  It  contains  3 
churches,  an  academy,  a  banking-house,  a  newspaper  office, 
2  flour-mills,  2  saw-mills,  and  a  planing-mill.  Pop.  516. 
The  township  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake  Ontario,  and 
contains  other  Tillages,  named  Sodus  Point,  Sodus  Centre, 
and  Alton.     Pop.  in  1880,  842;  of  the  township,  6285. 

Sodus  Bay,  New  York,  is  a  portion  of  Lake  Ontario, 
extending  southward  into  Wayne  co.,  and  is  about  5  miles 
long.     It  forms  a  good  harbor. 

Sodus  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Sodus  township, 
M'ayne  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Ontario  Southern  Railroad,  5i 
miles  S.  of  Sodus  Point.  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  a  foundry, 
2  grist-mills,  and  manufactures  of  sash,  blinds,  <fec. 

Sodus  Point,  a  post-village  in  Sodus  township,  Wayne 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Lake  Ontario,  at  the  entrance  of  Sodus  Bay, 
about  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Oswego,  and  15  miles  N.  of 
Lyons.  It  is  the  N.  terminus  of  the  Sodus  Point  <fc  South- 
ern Railroad.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  2  churches,  a  machine- 
shop,  a  bank,  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Soeborg,  or  Soborg,  so'boRO,  a  town  of  Denmark, 
island  of  Soeland,  on  a  small  lake,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Elsi- 
nore.  ^^~  For  notices  of  most  Scandinavian  towns  spelt 
with  SfE,  refer  to  So. 

Soeby,  or  Soby,  so'be,  a  village  of  the  island  of 
Aeroe,  on  its  N.  coast,  10  miles  S.  of  Faaborg. 

Soekadana,  a  town  of  Borneo.    See  Succadan a. 

Soemadang,  a  village  of  Java.    See  Sumadang. 

Soemanap,  Madura  Island.    See  Sumanap. 

SoembaAva,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Sumbawa. 

Soepa,soo'pil,  or  So'ping,a  native  state  in  the  island 
of  Celebes,  about  the  middle  of  the  W.  coast  of  the  Gulf  of 
Boni.     Pop.  18,000. 

Soerabaya,  soo'ri-bi'i,  or  Soorabaya,  so-ri-bi'i,  a 
Dutch  residency  of  the  island  of  Java,  on  the  N.E.  coast. 
Pop.  1,696,856. 

Soerabaya,  Soorabaya,  Sourabaya,  or  Sura- 
baya, soo-ri-bi'A,  a  seaport  town  of  Java,  capital  of  one 
of  the  provinces  into  which  the  island  is  divided  by  the 
Dutch,  on  its  N.  coast,  opposite  the  island  of  Madura,  and 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Kediri.  Lat.  of  Kalemaas  Fort,  7°  14' 
6"  S. ;  Ion.  112°  44'  7"  E.  It  has  a  handsome  government 
house,  a  mint,  and  large  storehouses.  Its  harbor  is  the 
best  in  Java,  and  is  defended  by  many  forts  and  batteries. 
Here  are  ship-building  docks,  a  naval  arsenal,  and  a  can- 
non-foundry. It  is  the  seat  of  a  civil  court  and  court- 
martial,  with  appeal  to  the  supreme  court  in  Bntavia.  It 
has  a  great  trade  with  the  interior  by  a  navigable  river  of 
the  same  name.     Pop.  (1883)  121,637. 

Soerakarta,  Soorakarta,  Sourakarta,  Sura- 
karta,  soo-ri-kau'ti,  written  also  Soorakerta  and 
Sou  rake  rta,  a  Dutch  residency  on  the  island  of  Java, 
near  its  centre.     Pop.  883,002. 

Soerakarta,  or  Solo,  the  capital  of  the  above  resi- 
dency, on  the  navigable  Solo  River.  It  has  a  garrison  and 
fort,  and  is  connected  by  railway  with  Djokjokarta  and 
Samarang.  It  is  the  residence  of  the  Emperor  of  Java,  a 
nominal  sovereign,  supported  in  magnificence  by  the  Dutch. 

Soeroasso,  sooVo-is'so,  a  village  of  the  island  of 
Sumatra,  in  the  uplands,  43  miles  N.E.  of  Padang.  It  is  one 
•f  the  four  old  capitals  of  the  kingdom  of  Menancabow. 


Soeroe,  a  town  of  Denmark.    See  SonoE. 

Soest,  or  Sost,  sost,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia, 
13  miles  N.N.E.  of  Arnsberg,  on  the  Soesterbach,  an  affluent 
of  the  Lippe.  Pop.  13,099.  It  has  several  churches,  an 
orphan  asylum,  a  gymnasium,  a  normal  school,  and  manu- 
factures of  linen,  woollen  cloths,  hosiery,  leather,  and  paper, 
with  oil-mills,  breweries,  and  a  trade  in  corn.  It  was  for- 
merly one  of  the  Hanseatic  towns. 

Soest,  or  Zoest,  zoost,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
province  and  11  miles  N.E.  of  Utrecht.     Pop.  3371. 

Sofahun,  Cashmere.    See  Shupeyun. 

Sofala,  so-fi'li,  a  river  of  East  Africa,  in  the  Portu- 
guese captaincy-general  of  Mozambique,  has  an  eastward 
course  of  about  200  miles.    It  is  navigable  for  small  craft. 

Sofala,  a  town  of  East  Africa,  capital  of  a  government 
of  the  Portuguese  possessions  in  East  Africa,  on  a  river  of 
its  own  name,  in  lat.  (of  fort)  20°  10'  7"  S.,  Ion.  34°  46°  E. 
It  consists  chiefly  of  huts,  with  a  fort,  the  residence  of  a 
governor  and  garrison.  It  has  an  export  trade  in  slaves, 
ivory,  and  gold-dust,  and  is  on  a  good  harbor.     Pop.  2000. 

Sofia,  a  city  of  Bulgaria.     See  Sophia. 

Soflingen,  s6f'ling-§n,  a  village  of  Wiirtemberg,  2 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Ulm.     Pop.  2336. 

Sofroo,  or  Sofru,  so'froo,  written  also  Safron  and 
Soforo,  a  town  of  Morocco,  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Fez.  In 
its  vicinity  are  productive  salt-mines. 

Sogama,  or  Zogama,  so-gi'mi,  a  city  of  Africa,  in 
Bornoo,  about  30  miles  S.  of  Lake  Chad.     Pop.  20,000. 

Sogamoso,  so-gi-mo'so,  or  Sogamoza,  so-gi-mo'si, 
a  town  of  the  United  States  of  Colombia,  state  of  Boyacd,  40 
miles  N.W.  of  Tunja,  on  the  Sogamoso  River. 

Sogdiana,  an  ancient  name  of  Bokhara. 

Soghanlee-Soo,  or  Soghanu-Su,  so-gln'lee-soo, 
a  river  of  Asia  Minor,  joins  the  Filiyas  90  miles  N.  of 
Angora. 

Soghd,  sogd,  the  valley  of  the  Zerafshan,  a  river  of 
Central  Asia,  is  one  of  the  "  four  paradises"  of  the  Persian 
poets,  and  in  antiquity  it  gave  name  to  the  region  known 
as  Sogdinna,  N.  of  the  Amoo-Darya. 

Soghut,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.     See  SncGSHnT. 

Soglah  (so'gli)  Lake,  in  Asia  Minor,  63  miles  W.  of 
Karaman,  is  11  miles  in  length;  breadth,  7  miles.  The 
village  of  Soglah  is  on  its  S.E.  side. 

Sogliano,  sol-yi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Forll, 
17  miles  W.  of  Rimini.     Pop.  of  commune,  6239. 

Sognefiord,  sog^n4-fe-oRd',  a  very  long  and  narrow 
creek  of  Norway,  stretching  E.  from  the  sea,  where  the 
Sulen  Islands  nearly  cross  its  mouth,  up  to  the  field  of  the 
Sognefield  Mountains,  a  distance  of  about  90  miles. 

Sohagepoor,  a  town  of  India.    See  Sehajpoor. 

So^hagpoor',  or  Sohagepoor,  so*hSj-poor',  a  town 
of  India,  Central  Provinces,  72  miles  N.N.E.  of  Muudlah. 
Pop.  7552. 

So'ham,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Cambridge,  6  miles 
S.E.  of  Ely.     Pop.  of  parish,  4283. 

Sohar,  so^har',  a  town  of  Arabia,  dominion  and  120 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Muscat,  on  the  sea.     Lat.  24°  24'  N. 

Sohl,  sol  (Hung.  Zoli/om),  a  county  of  Hungary,  N.E. 
of  the  Danube.  Area,  1062  square  miles.  Pop.  97,8P7, 
mostly  Slovacks.     Capital,  Neusohl. 

So'ho,  a  suburb  of  Birmingham,  England.  It  has  ex- 
tensive iron-works. 

Sohrau,  so'row,  written  also  Zyory,  a  town  of  Prus- 
sian Silesia,  57  miles  S.E.  of  Oppeln.  Pop.  4196.  It  has 
manufactures  of  woollen  and  linen  fabrics. 

Soignies,  swin'yce',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  on 
the  Senne,  10  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Mons.  Pop.  6873. 
It  has  extensive  breweries  and  distilleries,  trade  in  stone 
and  lime,  and  large  annual  fairs. 

Soignies,  Forest  of,  in  Belgium,  South  Brabant, 
S.E.  of  Brussels,  is  15  miles  in  length  and  6  miles  in 
breadth.  At  its  S.  extremity  are  the  hamlet  of  Mont- 
Saint-Jean  and  the  field  of  Waterloo. 

Soissons,  swi's6>-°',  almost  swi^siN"'  (anc.  Augus'ta 
Suesso'iium  or  Sneasionum,  and  Noviodu'num),  a  fortified 
town  of  France,  department  of  Aisne,  20  miles  S.W.  of 
Laon,  at  a  railway  junction,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Aisne. 
Lat.  49°  28'  N.;  Ion.  3°  20'  E.  Pop.  10,754.  It  has  an 
ancient  castle,  2  ruined  abbeys,  a  deaf-mute  school,  a  col- 
lege, prison,  theatre,  library  of  30,000  volumes,  cathedral, 
manufactures  of  fine  carpets,  stockings,  linen,  leather,  pot- 
tery, Ac,  and  a  great  local  trade.  Clovis  made  Soissons  his 
residence  at  the  commencement  of  his  reign  ;  under  his  de- 
scendants it  was  the  capital  of  a  separate  kingdom.  It  is  a 
bishop's  see.  The  Canal  of  Soissons,  16  miles  long,  con- 
nects the  Aisne  with  the  Ourcq  and  Marne.  In  1870  it 
was  bombarded  and  taken  by  the  Germans. 


SOI 


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SOL 


SoixantCt  twi^iAitt',  avIlUge  in  St.  Ilyaointho  oo., 
Quebeo,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Ilnilwny,  28  miles  E.N.E.  of 
ldontr«al,  and  nbout  8  miles  W.  of  St.  Ilyaointhe.  It  has 
•  telegraph  office.    Pop.  225. 

Sojf  or  Scje,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  SozH. 

Sok,  sole,  a  riror  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  gorornnient  of 
Orenl>oorg,  75  miles  N.K.  of  Serghievsk,  flows  S.W.,  and 
joins  the  Volga  15  miles  N.  of  Samara.     Course,  130  miles. 

Sokalt  so'k&l,  a  town  of  Austrian  Qaliciu,  33  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Zolkiew,  on  the  Bug.  Pop.  4S03.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  silk. 

Sokhouin-Kal6,  Russia.    See  Sookhoou-Kal^. 

Sokiia,  a  town  of  Fezzan.    See  Sockna. 

Su'ko,  a  state  and  town  of  Guinea,  in  North  Ashantee. 

Sokulka,  8o-kork&,  a  town  of  Russia,  22  miles  N.E. 
of  Bialystok.     Pop.  3443. 

SukoloWf  so-ko'lor,  a  town  of  Poland,  17  miles  N.  of 
Siedleo.     Pop.  4815. 

Sokolow,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Galicio,  15  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Uzeszow.     Pop.  3525. 

Sokota,  80-ko'tl,  a  town  of  Abyssinia,  97  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Gondar.     It  is  a  place  of  considerable  size,  but  scattered. 

Sokoto,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Saccatoo. 

Sokotra,  or  Soktra^  Indian  Ocean.    See  Socotra. 

Sola,  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Pvlstaaut. 

Solana,  so-l&'nil,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  27 
miles  E.  of  Ciudad  Real.  Pop.  7177.  It  has  manufactures 
of  linens  and  woollens. 

Solan'der  Island,  an  islet  off  the  S.W.  extremity  of 
New  Zealand, 

Solano,  so-l&'no,  a  county  of  California,  has  an  area 
of  about  800  square  miles.  It  is  a  part  of  the  groat  central 
valley  of  the  state,  and  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Sac- 
ramento River,  and  on  the  S.  by  Suisun  Bay  and  the  Strait 
of  Carquinez.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  undulating 
prairies,  tiile  marshes,  rounded  hills,  and  beautiful  valleys. 
This  county  is  almost  destitute  of  forests.  The  soil  is  very 
fertile.  Wheat,  barley,  hay,  cattle,  wool,  wine,  and  pork 
arc  the  staple  products.  Marble  and  hydraulic  limestone 
are  found  here.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  California 
Pacific  Railroad.  Capital.  Suisun  City.  Valuation  of  real 
and  personal  estate,  $19,357,710.  Pop.  in  1870,  16,871,  of 
whom  11,263  wore  Americans;  in  1880,  18,475. 

Solano  House,  Yolo  co.,  Cal.    See  Davisville. 

SoMapoor',  or  ShoMapoor',  a  fortified  town  of  India, 
capital  of  Solapoor  district,  on  the  Bombay-Madras  Rail- 
way, 165  miles  S.E.  of  Poonah.     Pop.  (1881)  61,281. 

Solapoor,  or  Sholapoor  (Sholapur),  a  district  of 
India,  in  the  Deccan,  and  in  several  detached  parts.  It 
has  the  Kistnah  on  the  S.,  and  is  traversed  by  the  Becmab. 
Area,  3925  square  miles.    Capital,  Solapoor.    Pop.  816,037. 

Solarolo-Rainerio,  so-li-ro'lo-ri-ni're-o,  a  village 
of  Italy,  in  Cremona,  9  miles  N.  of  Casal  Maggioro.  P.  1337. 

Solarussa,  80-1&-roos's&,  a  village  on  the  island  of 
Sardinia,  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Busachi.     Pop.  1886. 

Soldau,  sol'dow,  a  river  of  Prussia,  issues  from  a  lake 
near  a  town  of  the  same  name,  and  unites  with  the  Mlawka 
in  forming  the  Wkra.     Length,  60  miles. 

Soldau,  or  Dizialdowo,  dit-se-M-do'vo  (?),  a  town 
of  East  Prussia,  on  the  Soldau,  and  on  the  Polish  frontier, 
13  miles  S.W.  of  Neidenburg.     Pop.  2809. 

Soldier,  sol'j^r,  township,  Crawford  co.,  Iowa.    P.  101. 

Soldier,  a  post-township  of  Monona  co.,  Iowa,  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Soldier  River.  Pop.  189.  Soldier  Post- 
Office  is  13  miles  N.W.  of  Dunlap. 

Soldier,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Kansas.    P.  339. 

Soldier,  a  township  of  Shawnee  oo.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
1183. 

Soldier,  a  station  of  the  Kansas  Central  Railroad,  15 
miles  W.  of  Holton,  Kansas. 

Soldier  Creek,  Kansas,  rises  in  or  near  Nemaha  co., 
runs  southward  through  Jackson  co.,  and  enters  the  Kan- 
sas River  about  3  miles  below  Topeka.  It  is  nearly  60 
miles  long. 

Soldier  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Comanche  co.,  Kansas. 

Soldier  River,  Iowa,  rises  in  Ida  co.,  runs  southwest- 
ward  through  Monona  and  Harrison  cos.,  and  enters  the 
Missouri  River  about  15  miles  S.W.  of  Magnolia.  It  is 
nearly  100  miles  long. 

Soldiers'  Grove,  a  post-village  in  Clayton  township, 
Crawford  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  Kickapoo  River,  about  40  miles 
S.S.E.  of  La  Crosse.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw- 
mill, and  3  stores. 

Soldier  Valley,  a  post-ofBce  of  Harrison  co.,  Iowa. 

Soldin,  sol-deen',  a  walled  town  of  Prussia,  in  Branden- 
burg, 25  miles  N.E.  of  KUstrin.  Pop.  6295.  It  has  manu- 
factures pf  woollens  and  linens. 


Soldov,  or  Soldow.    See  Solvitcheoodsk. 

Solcbury,  sol'b^r-e,  a  post-township  of  Bucks  co.,  P«^ 
is  bounded  N.E.  by  tne  Delaware  River.  It  containi  Cm- 
versville  and  Luuibervillv.     Pop.  2791. 

SoPedad',  a  township  of  Los  Angeles  oo.,  Cal.  P.  265. 

Soledad,  a  puxt-hamlct  of  Monterey  eo.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  143  miles  S.S.E.  of  San  Fran- 
cisco. 

So'Ient,  The,  is  that  part  of  the  sea  between  the  Tale 
of  Wight  and  the  mainland  uf  England,  which  extends  W. 
from  Fort  Monekton  to  Hurst  Castle,  being  continuous  K. 
with  Spithead  and  N.  with  Southampton  Water.  Length 
18  miles;  average  breadth,  3  miles. 

Solcro,  so-li'ro,  a  town  of  Italy,  on  the  railway  from 
Turin  to  Genoa,  6  miles  W.  of  Alessandria.     Pop.  3118. 

Solesino,  so-14-see'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  17  milsi 
S.S.W.  of  Padua.     Pop.  2504. 

Solesmes,  soM&m,  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  on  the 
Sclle,  12  miles  E.  of  Cambrai.  Pop.  5723.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  calicoes,  woollen  goods,  and  flour. 

Solesmes,  a  commune  of  Franco,  in  Sarthe,  18  rallei 
from  La  Fliiche.  Here  is  a  beautiful  medioDval  priory, 
with  a  church.  This  is  one  of  the  most  interesting  monas- 
tic edifices  in  France. 

Soleto,  80-li'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Lecco,  15  miles  W. 
of  Otranto,  near  the  ruins  of  ancient  Snleiitin,    Pop.  2344. 

Solenre,  so-loor'  (Fr.  pron.  soMirn' ;  Gor.  Saloihunt, 
so'Io-toonn*),  a  canton  of  Switzerland,  in  its  N.W.  part, 
enclosed  by  the  cantons  of  Bern,  Basel,  and  Aargau.  Area, 
255  square  miles.  In  the  N.  and  W.  it  is  covered  by  ram- 
ifications of  the  .Tura  Mountains.  The  principal  rivers  are 
the  Aar,  Emmen,  and  Diinnern.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  ex- 
cellent live-stock  is  reared.  Iron  and  marble  are  important 
products  ;  the  principal  manufactures  are  iron  goods,  calico, 
hosiery,  and  paper.  The  canton  is  divided  into  9  districts 
or  bailiwicks.     Pop.  80,424,  mostly  Catholics. 

Soleure  (Ger.  Solothum  ;  anc.  Snlodu'rum),  a  town  of 
Switzerland,  capital  of  the  above  canton,  is  situated  on  the 
Aar,  at  the  foot  of  the  Jura,  19  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bern. 
Pop.  7054.  It  has  a  handsome  cathedral,  a  museum  with 
a  collection  of  fossils,  a  government  house,  a  very  old  clock- 
tower,  arsenal,  barracks,  theatre,  a  college,  a  public  library, 
and  a  botanic  garden. 

Solfach,  sol'f&K,  or  SoI'va,  a  beautiful  village  of 
Wales,  CO.  of  Pembroke,  on  St.  Bride's  Bay,  3  miles  S.E. 
of  St.  David's. 

Solfatara,  8ol-f&-t&'r&  (anc.  A'qiueAl'bulaf),  a  small 
lake  of  Central  Italy,  4  miles  W.  of  Tivoli.  On  it  are  sev- 
eral floating  islets,  and  near  it  are  the  ruined  baths  of 
Agrippa.  A  canal  2  miles  in  length  carries  its  sulphurous 
waters  into  the  Teverone.  The  term  sol/alara,  in  a  gen- 
eral sense,  designates  those  volcanoes  which  are  nearly  ex- 
tinct, but  still  exhale  hot  vapors.  Of  these  there  are  many 
in  Italy. 

Solferino,  sol-fi-ree'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
and  18  miles  N.W.  of  Mantua.  Here  the  French  and 
Italians  defeated  the  Austrians,  June  24,  1859. 

Sol-Galiskaia,  sol-gi-le-ski'i, or  Sol-Galitzkoi^ 
sol-gi-lit-skoi',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  100  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Kostroma,  on  the  Kostroma  River.     Pop.  3322. 

Solgohachia,  sol-go-hatch 'e-a,  a  post-village  of  Con- 
way CO.,  Ark.,  9  miles  N.  of  Morrillton  Station.  It  has  8 
churches. 

Solihull',  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Warwick,  7  milfi 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Birmingham.     Pop.  of  parish,  3741. 

Solikamsk,  so-le-k4msk',  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment and  115  miles  N.  of  Perm.     Pop.  3733. 

Soliman  Mountains,  Afghanistan.    See  Suleimax. 

Solimoens,  so-le-mo-Su"',  a  name  of  the  Amazon 
River,  Brazil.  (See  Amazon.)  Solimoens  is  also  the  name 
of  the  large  river  of  the  province  of  Par^. 

Soli'na,  a  post-village  in  Durham  co.,  Ontario,  7  miles 
N.W.  of  Bowmanville.     Pop.  125. 

Solingen,  so'ling-§n,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  14 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Dusseldorf.  Pop.  15,142,  who  manufacture 
swords,  bayonets,  and  cutlery.  The  celebrity  which  So- 
lingen  enjoys  in  its  particular  branch  of  trade  reaches  back 
to  the  twelfth  century. 

So-Ling-Shan,  or  So-Ling-Chan,  so'ling'shJn', 
a  mountain  of  China,  province  of  Kan-Soo,  in  lat.  32°  69' 
N.,  Ion.  104°  59'  E.,  covered  with  perpetual  snow. 

Solipaca,  so-lfi-pl'ki,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Caserta,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Caserta,  near  the  Galore.  P.  4043. 

Solitary  Island,  South  Pacific  Ocean,  in  lat.  14°  21' 
S.,  Ion.  176°  35'  W.,  was  discovered  by  Mendaiia  in  159o. 

Solitary  Island,  Indian  Ocean,  in  lat.  49°  50'  S.,  lofc 
68°  5'  E. 


SOL 


2489 


SOL 


Solitary  Island,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Australia,  in  lat. 
30°  13'  S.,  Ion.  153°  13'  E. 

Sol'itude,  a  post-office  of  Posey  co.,  Ind. 
I    Solitude,  a  hamlet  of  Delaware  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Ul- 
jster  &  Delaware  Railroad,  near  Dean's  Corners  Station. 

Solitude,  a  post-office  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C. 

Soller,  sol-yaiB',  a  town  of  the  island  of  Majorca,  on 
fits  N.W.  coast,  14  miles  N.  of  Palma.  Pop.  4547.  It  has 
[exports  of  oranges,  figs,  and  wine. 

Sollies-le-Pont,  sorieo'-l?h-p6N»,  a  town  of  France, 
in  Var,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Toulon.     Pop.  2239. 

Solmona,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Sulmoxa. 

Solms,  solms,  an  old  principality  of  Germany,  situated 
on  the  Labn,  now  subdivided  into  several  small  mediatized 
principalities  belonging  to  the  different  branches  of  the 
House  of  Solms,  the  chief  of  which  are  the  following  : 

Solms  Babuth  Wildenfels,  solms  bi'root  ^il'd^n-fSls', 
ft  principality  of  Hesse  and  Prussia. 

Solms  Biiaunfels,  solms  brown'fSls,  a  principality,  with 
possessions  in  Prussia,  Wiirtemberg,  and  Hesse.  Capital, 
Braunfels. 

Solms  Laubach,  solms  low'b^K,  a  principality  of  Hesse. 

Solms  Laubach  Baruth  Rodelheim,  solms  low'biK  bi'- 
r56t  ro'd^l-hime^,  and  Assenheim,  Jls's§n-hime\  two  prin- 
sipalities  of  Prussia  and  Hesse. 

Solms  Lich,  solms  Hk,  and  Hohen  Solms,  ho'§n  solms. 
[Capitals,  Lich  and  Hohen  Solms. 

Solnitz,  sol'nits,  or  Solnicze,  sol-neet'sA,  a  town  of 
Bohemia,  18  miles  E.  of  Koniggratz.     Pop.  1533. 

Solo,  a  town  of  Java.     See  Soerakarta. 

So'lo,  a  hamlet  of  Davidson  co.,  N.C,  12  miles  S.  of 
Winston.     It  has  a  church. 

Solo,so'lo,Bengawan,b3n-gi-wln',  or  Sambaya, 
i5.m-bi'&,  the  largest  and  most  important  river  of  Java,  rises 
n  the  province  of  Soerakarta,  passes  the  town  of  that  name, 
lows  E.N.E.  in  a  very  zigzag  course,  and  falls  into  the 
Tava  Sea  opposite  the  AV.  end  of  the  island  of  Madura. 
Total  course,  with  windings,  about  35G  miles. 

Solofra,  so-lo'fri,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Avel- 
lino,  7  miles  S.E.  of  the  city  of  Avellino.  Pop.  4553.  It 
aas  manufactures  of  woollens,  leather,  and  jewelry. 

Sologne,  soMofi',  an  old  district  of  France,  now  com- 
arised  in  the  departments  of  Loir-et-Cher  and  Loiret. 

Solola,  so-lo-13.',a  town  of  Central  America,  state  and 
55  miles  N.W.  of  Guatemala.     Pop.  5000. 

Solom'bo,  Great  and  Little,  two  islands  in  the  Java 
sea.     Lat.  of  Great  Solombo,  5°  33'  S.;  Ion.  114°  24'  E. 

Sol'omon,  a  township  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  541. 
[t  contains  Brittsville  and  Glasco. 

Solomon,  a  township  of  Norton  co.,  Kansas.   Pop.  249. 

Solomon,  a  township  of  Phillips  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  266. 

Solomon,  a  township  of  Saline  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  463. 

Solomon  City,  a  post-village  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kan- 
las,  in  Lincoln  township,  on  the  Solomon  River,  about  1 
mile  from  its  junction  with  the  Smoky  Hill  River,  and  on 
the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  at  Solomon  Station,  9  miles 
Sy.  of  Abilene,  and  14  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Salina.  It  has  4 
jhurches,  a  bank,  a  flour-mill,  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper 
)ffice,  and  saline  springs,  from  which  salt  is  manufactured. 
The  Continental  Salt- Works,  nearly  2  miles  from  Solomon, 
manufacture  salt  by  solar  evaporation.     Pop.  in  1880,  618. 

Sol'omon  Islands  (Fr.  Ilea  Salomon,  eel  s4Mo^- 
aaix"'),  a  group  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  between  lat.  5°  and  12° 
3.  and  Ion.  154°  and  163°  E.  The  principal  are  Bougain- 
irille,  Choiseul,  San  Isabel,  Guadalcanar,  the  Arsacides,  Ma- 
ayta.  New  Georgia,  Rennel,  and  San  Cristoval.  The  sur- 
face is  elevated,  fertile,  and  well  wooded ;  the  shores  pre- 
lipitous,  with  fringing  reefs.  The  islands  are  of  volcanic 
lirigin,  and  have  an  active  volcano.  The  population  com- 
Jrises  both  Malays  and  Papuan  negroes.  These  islands 
■vere  discovered  by  Mendana  in  1567.  They  form  a  double 
ow,  700  miles  long,  and  some  of  them  are  very  large. 

Solomon  (or  Salomon)  Islands,  a  group  of  11 
tslets  in  the  Indian  Ocean,  N.  of  the  Cbagos  Islands,  a 
llependency  of  the  Mauritius. 

j  Sol'omon  Rapids,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mitchell  co., 
[Kansas,  on  the  Solomon  River,  about  56  miles  N.N.W.  of 
5alina.     It  has  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  318. 

Solomon  River,  Kansas,  is  formed  by  its  North  and 
?outh  Forks,  which  rise  near  together  in  the  N.W.  part  of 
.he  state,  and  both  run  eastward.     They  unite  in  Mitchell 

!!0.,  about  16  miles  W.  of  Beloit.  It  runs  southeastward 
;hrough  Ottawa  co.,  and  unites  with  the  Smoky  Hill  River 
ibout  10  miles  W.  of  Abilene.  The  stream  formed  by  this 
junction  is  the  Kansas  River.  The  Solomon  River  is  about 
jl20  miles  long,  or,  including  one  of  its  forks,  nearly  300 
niles.  The  forks  are  nearly  equal  in  length. 
157 


Solomon's  Island,  a  post-village  of  Calvert  co.,  Md., 
on  an  island  in  the  mouth  of  Patusent  Riv«r,  3  miles  from 
Chesapeake  Bay,  and  about  50  miles  S.  of  Annapolis.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  marine  railway,  a  steamboat-landing,  and 
57  houses.     It  is  partly  supported  by  the  oyster-trade. 

Solomon's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barbour  co.,  Ala., 
14  miles  S.W.  of  Clayton.     It  has  grist-  and  saw-mills. 

Sol'omonsville,  a  post-office  of  Pima  co.,  Arizona. 

So'lon,  a  post-village  in  Big  Grove  township,  Johnson 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern 
Railroad,  15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cedar  Rapids,  and  11  miles 
N,  of  Iowa  City.  It  has  3  churches,  a  carriage-factory,  and 
a  money -order  post-office.     Pop.  about  600. 

Solon,  a  post-village  in  Solon  township,  Somerset  co., 
Me.,  on  the  Kennebec  River,  about  48  miles  N.  of  Augusta, 
and  14  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Skowhegan.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
savings-bank,  2  saw-mills,  a  grist-mill,  Ac.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1176. 

Solon,  a  township  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1310. 

Solon,  a  post-township  of  Leelcnawco.,  Mich.,  12  milcc 
N.W.  of  Traverse  City.     Pop.  256. 

Solon,  a  post-office  of  Otoe  co..  Neb.,  about  24  mile* 
S.E.  of  Lincoln. 

Solon,  a  post-hamlet  in  Solon  township,  Cortland  co., 
N.Y.,  about  34  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Syracuse.  The  township 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  834. 

Solon,  a  post-village  in  Solon  township,  Cuyahoga  co., 
0.,  on  the  Mahoning  division  of  the  Atlantic  &  Great 
Western  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Painesville,  Can- 
ton <fc  Bridgeport  Railroad,  15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cleveland. 
It  has  2  churches  and  4  stores.  Large  quantities  of  cheese 
are  shipped  here.  Pop.  of  the  township,  899.  It  has  5 
cheese-factories. 

Solon,  a  post-hamlet  of  White  co.,  Tenn.,  about  60 
miles  N.  of  Chattanooga.     It  has  a  church. 

Solon  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  McHenry  co..  111.,  on 
the  Nippersink  River,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Elgin.  It  has 
a  church. 

Sol  or,  soMon',  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  off 
the  E.  extremity  of  Flores,  separated  from  it  by  the  Strait 
of  Flores,  and  by  another  strait  from  Adenara,  to  the  N. 
Lat.  of  the  S.  point,  8°  47'  S. ;  Ion.  123°  8'  E.  Length, 
from  E.  to  W.,  30  miles;  breadth,  15  miles. 

Solotchev,  or  Solotschew,  Russia.    See  ZoLOcnEr. 

Solothurn,  Switzerland.    See  Soleure. 

Solotivina,  so-lo-tc-vee'ni,  or  Solotwina,  so-lot- 
^ee'nS.,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Stanislawow.     Pop.  2755. 

Solotonosha,  Russia.     See  ZoLOTOXOsnA. 

Solovetskoi,  so-lo-v6t-skoi',  or  Solovki,  so-lov'kce, 
an  island  of  Russia,  in  the  White  Sea,  100  miles  N.W.  of 
Onega,  in  lat.  65°  N.,  Ion.  35°  50'  E.  Length,  15  miles; 
breadth,  10  miles.     Talc  is  a  principal  product. 

Solre-le-Chateau,sorr-l§h-shaHo',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Nord,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Avesnes.     Pop.  2443. 

Solre-sur-Sambre,  sol'r-silR-sfiMb'r,  a  village  of 
Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  on  the  Sambre,  13  miles  E.  of  Mens. 

Solsberry,  solz'b§r-e,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co., 
Ind.,  about  46  miles  S.E.  of  Terre  Haute.    It  has  2  churches. 

Solsona,  sol-so'n4  (anc.  CeUat),  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  55  miles  N.E.  of  Lerida.  Pop.  2671.  It  has 
a  cathedral  and  manufactures  of  iron-wares. 

Solsville,  solz'vil,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Madison  township,  on  the  Utica  Branch  of  the  New  York 
&  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Utica, 
It  has  a  cheese-factory,  a  grist-mill,  and  about  24  houses. 

Solt,  solt  (Ger.  Solth,  solt),  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and 
48  miles  S.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  5696. 

Solta,  sol'td  (anc.  Olyn'thaf),  an  island  of  Dalmatia, 
circle  of  Spalato,  in  the  Adriatic,  W.  of  Brazza.  Length, 
from  N.W.  to  S.B.,  10  miles ;  breadth,  2  miles.  Pop.  1300. 
On  its  N.  shore  is  a  village  of  its  own  name. 

Soltau,  sol'tow,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  about 
40  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Bremen.     Pop.  2201. 

So'lum,  a  township  of  Douglas  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  292. 

SoI'va,  a  village  of  Wales.    See  Solfach. 

Solvesberg,  sol'v§s-b5RG^,  or  Sdlvitsburg,  sol'vits- 
booRG\  a  town  of  Sweden,  lacn  and  37  miles  W.  of  Carls- 
crona,  on  an  inlet  of  the  Baltic.     Pop.  1534. 

Solvitchegodsk,  sol-ve-chi-godsk',  Soldov,  or 
Soldow,  sol-dov',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  268 
miles  N.E.  of  Vologda.     Pop.  1304. 

Sol'way  Firth,  a  large  inlet,  stretching  from  the  Irish 
Sea  N.E.  between  England  and  Scotland,  having  S.  and  E. 
the  CO.  of  Cumberland,  and  N.  the  cos.  of  Kirkcudbright; 
and  Dumfries.  Breadth  at  the  entrance,  24  miles ;  lengthy 
inland,  38  miles.    At  its  head  it  receives  the  Eskj  and  tht' 


9»b 


2490 


SOM 


Annan,  Nith,  Dec,  and  Urr  join  it  from  the  Scotch  and  the 
Derwont  and  Ellon  from  the  Knglinh  side.  During  ebb- 
tide much  of  the  firth  is  a  naked  Aat,  but  the  tidul  wave 
returns  very  suddenly  and  with  great  viulciice,  so  thiit  lus- 
cidentt!  to  shipping  have  repeatedly  happvuod.  Its  fisheries, 
chiefly  salmon,  are  extensive  and  valuable. 

Solway  Moss,  a  drained  area  about  7  miles  in  circum- 
fcrenoo,  in  the  co.  of  Cumberland,  adjoining  Solway  Firth. 

Soma,  8o'm&,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  25  miles  K.  of 
Bergama. 

Soma,  a  town  of  IIaIv.     See  Somma. 

Soraaglia,  go-m&l'yi,  a  village  of  Northern  ItAly, 
province  of  Milan,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Codogno.     Pop.  2393. 

Soiuainy  so^m&K*',  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Nord,  on  the 
North  Railway,  3i  miles  S.E.  of  Douai.  Pop.  4274.  It 
has  distilleries,  glass-works,  a  coal-mine,  flour-mills,  and 
manufiictures  of  linen,  sugar,  Ac. 

Soiuariva  del  Parno.    See  Sommariva  dkl  Paii.no. 

Soinauli,  Africa.     See  Ad£L,  and  Eessau  Somauleb. 

Sombor,  a  town  of  Hungary.    Sco  Zoubor. 

Som'bra,  a  post-village  in  Bothwoll  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  river  St.  Clair,  21  miles  S.  of  Sarnia.  It  has  4  stores 
and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  100. 

Sombretfe,  som'ordf-ffh,  a  village  of  Belgium,  prov- 
ince and  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Nnmur.     Pop.  2413. 

Sombrerete,  som-brd-ri'UL,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state 
and  85  miles  N.W.  of  Zacatecas.    Near  it  are  silver-mines. 

Sombrero,  som-br&'ro,  an  islet  of  the  British  West 
Indies,  about  midway  between  Anguilla  and  the  Virgin 
Islands.  Lat.  18°  35'  N. ;  Ion.  63°  27'  W.  It  has  afforded 
guano  and  lime  phosphate. 

Sombrero,  a  village  of  Venezuela,  70  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Caracas. 

Someisat,  or  Sumeisat,  soo-mi-slt'  (anc.  Samomta), 
a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  on  the  Euphrates,  50  miles  N.E. 
of  Bir. 

So'mer,  a  township  of  Champaign  co.,  III.     Pop.  J120. 

Somcrein,  or  Sommerein,  soin'm?h-rine\  a  town  of 
Hungary,  co.  and  12  miles  S.E.  of  Presburg,  on  the  island 
of  Great  Schiitt.     Pop.  2555. 

Somerfield,  sQm'^r-fceld,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  G4  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Somerford,  Ohio.    See  Summekfoud. 

Somerford,  siim'^r-ford,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  0. 
Pop.  925. 

Somergem,  som'^r-ahSm^  a  town  of  Belgium,  prov- 
ince of  East  Flanders,  8  miles  N.AV.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  6121. 

Somers,  siim'?rz,  a  post-village  in  Somers  township, 
Tolland  co.,  Conn.,  about  12  miles  S.E.  of  Springfield,  Mass., 
and  22  miles  N.E.  of  Hartford.  It  contains  the  village  of 
Somersville,  and  has  2  churches  and  a  hat-factory.  Pop. 
of  the  township  in  1890,  1407. 

Somers,  a  post-village  in  Somers  township,  'Westches- 
ter CO.,  N.Y.,  near  the  Croton  River,  and  on  the  New  York 
&  Mahopac  Railroad,  about  48  miles  N.  by  E.of  New  York. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  national  bank.  The  township  is 
bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Croton  River.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1636. 

Somers,  a  township  of  Preble  co.,  0.     Pop.  1862. 

Somers,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Kenosha  co..  Wis., 
in  Somers  township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Milwaukee  Railroad, 
27J  miles  S.  of  Milwaukee,  and  3  miles  W.  of  Lake  Mich- 
igan, which  forms  the  E.  boundary  of  the  township.  The 
township  has  3  churches,  and  a  pop.  of  1450. 

Somers  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Somers  township, 
Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  <k  Mahopac  Rail- 
road, 47  miles  N.  by  E.  of  New  York  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Somerset,  or  Somersetsliire,  sQm'?r-set-shir,  a 
county  of  England,  having  N.  the  Bristol  Channel,  and 
from  S.W.  round  to  N.E.  the  cos.  of  Devon,  Dorset,  AVilts, 
and  Gloucester.  Area,  1636  square  miles.  Coast-line  and 
surface  very  much  diversified  and  highly  picturesque.  It 
i0  watered  by  the  Parrot,  Brue,  Axe,  Avon,  Yeo,  and  Tone 
Rivers,  all  of  which  flow  to  the  Bristol  Channel.  Along 
the  rivers  are  many  marshes  and  tracts  of  high  fertility, 
but  in  other  parts  are  extensive  wastes,  as  Exmoor  at  the 
W.  extremity.  Dunkerry  Beacon,  also  in  the  W.,  rises  to 
1668  feet  in  height.  Cheddar  and  other  cheeses,  wool,  and 
cider  are  the  principal  products.  Coal,  stone,  calamine, 
and  fullors'-earth  are  obtained;  woollen  goods,  silks,  gloves, 
linen?,  stockings,  paper,  glass,  iron-wares,  wool-cards,  shoes, 
leather,  and  malt  are  manufactured.  The  county  contains 
the  cities  of  Bath,  Wells,  and  a  part  of  Bristol,  the  bor- 
oughs of  Bridgewater,  Taunton,  Frome,  Axbridge,  Chard, 
QIastonbury,  Langport,  Yeovil,  and  Somerton  (whence 
Um  name),  and  numerous  market-towns.  It  returns  four 
{upmbers  to  the  House  of  Commons.     Antiquities  of  almost 


every  period  of  British  history  are  mot  with  in  this  countv 
Pop.  in  1891,  484,326.  '' 

Somerset,  silm'^r-get,  a  northwestern  county  of  Maine 
borders  on  Canada.  Area,  about  3664  square  niiles.  It  h 
dniiiicdby  the  Kennebec,  Penobscot,  and Sebastioook  Rivers 
and  contains  a  number  of  small  lakes.  The  surface  is  hilly 
or  undulating,  and  partly  covered  with  extensive  forests  of 
pine,  sugar-maple,  beech,  birch,  elm,  and  other  trees.  The 
soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Hay,  butter,  potatoes,  oats,  wool, 
cattle,  and  lumber  are  the  staj)!©  products.  This  county  ig 
connected  with  Portland,  Bangor,  Augusta,  Lewiston,  and 
other  cities  of  the  state  by  the  Maine  Central  Railroad, 
which  connects  with  Skowhegan,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870* 
34,611 ;  in  1880,  32,333  ;  in  1890,  32,627.  ' 

Somerset,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Maryland,  has 
an  area  of  about  365  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.  by  the  Wicomico  River,  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Pocomoko 
River,  and  on  the  W,  by  Chesapeake  Bay.  The  surface  in 
nearly  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests 
of  the  oak,  pine,  hickory,  cedar,  and  other  trees.  The  soil 
is  partly  sandy.  Indian  corn,  oats,  potatoes,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
New  York,  Philadelphia  &  Norfolk  Railroad,  which  con- 
nects with  Princess  Anne,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 18,190; 
in  1880,  21,668;  in  1890,  24,155, 

Somerset,  a  county  in  the  N,  central  part  of  New 
Jersey,  has  an  area  of  about  303  square  miles.  It  i| 
drained  by  the  Raritan,  Passaic,  and  Millstone  Rivers,  and 
the  North  and  South  Branches  of  the  Raritan,  which  unite 
in  the  W.  part  of  the  county.  It  is  partly  bounded  on  the 
W.  by  the  Lamington  River,  and  on  the  E.  by  Bound 
Brook.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly  or  mountainous,  and 
partly  undulating.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Oats,  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Limestone 
underlies  part  of  the  soil,  and  copper  is  said  to  be  found 
here.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Philadelphia  it 
Reading  Railroad,  the  Central  Railroad  of  Now  Jersey,  the 
Delaware,  Lackawanna  <t  Western  Railroad,  and  the  Lehigh 
Valley  Railroad.  Capital,  Somerville.  Pop.  in  1870,  23,510: 
in  1880,  27,162;  in  1890,  28,311, 

Somerset,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Pennsylvania, 
bordering  on  Maryland,  has  an  area  of  about  1106  square 
miles.  It  is  drained  by  Castloman  River  and  by  Stony 
and  Shade  Creeks,  The  Youghiogheny  River  touches  the 
S.W.  part  of  the  county.  A  long  ridge,  called  Laurel  Hill, 
extends  along  its  W.  border.  The  surface  is  also  diversified 
by  the  Alleghany  Mountains,  and  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests  of  the  oak,  hickory,  pine,  chestnut,  sugar- 
maple,  and  other  trees.  It  has  many  thousand  acres  of 
woodland.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile,  and  adapted  to  pas- 
turage. Hny,  butter,  cattle,  oats,  rye,  and  maple  sugar  are 
the  staple  products.  Mines  of  bituminous  coal  have  been 
opened  in  this  county,  which  also  has  iron  ore  and  lime- 
stone. It  is  intersected  by  several  branches  of  the  Balti- 
more <fc  Ohio  Railroad.  Capital,  Somerset.  Pop.  in  1870, 
28,226;  in  1880,33,110;  in  1890,  37,317. 

Somerset,  a  post-hamlet  in  Somerset  township.  Saline 
CO.,  III.,  about  20  miles  N.  of  Golconda,  and  7  miles  S.E. 
of  Harrisburg,  the  capital  of  the  county.  The  township 
contains  2  churches,  and  the  village  general  stores.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  800. 

Somerset,  a  hamlet  in  Laurel  township,  Franklin  co., 
Ind.,  2  miles  from  Laurel  Station.     Pop.  94. 

Somerset,  a  post-village  in  Waltz  township,  AVabash 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Mississincwa  River,  about  15  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Peru.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  carriage-shop.     P.  371, 

Somerset,  a  post-village  of  Miami  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Osage  division  of  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad, 
at  Somerset  Station,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Paola.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  about  100. 

Somerset,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ky., 
is  on  the  Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  the 
Cumberland  River,  and  79  miles  S.  of  Lexington.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house,  5  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  a  masonic  college.     Pop.  in  1880,  805. 

Somerset,  a  post-village  in  Somerset  township,  Bristol 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Taunton  River,  and  on 
the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  43  miles  S.  of  Boston,  and  6  miles 
N.  of  Fall  River.  It  has  a  graded  school,  7  churches,  iron- 
works, a  stove-foundry,  and  manufactures  of  stone-ware. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  in  1880,  2006. 

Somerset,  a  post-hamlet  in  Somerset  township,  Hills- 
dale CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Detroit,  Hillsdale  &  Southwestern 
Railroad,  17i  miles  N.E.  of  Hillsdale,  and  about  16  miles 
S.  of  Jackson,  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1356, 

Somerset,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Minn. 

Somerset,  a  township  of  Steele  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  762. 


SOM 


2491 


SOM 


Somerset,  a  township  of  Mercer  cc,  Mo.     Pop.  1114. 

Somerset,  a  hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  Mo.,  about  15  miles 
iJf.E.  of  Princeton.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Cleopatra. 

Somerset,  a  village  of  Monroe  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  North 
Fork  of  Salt  River,  4  miles  W.  of  Clapper  Station,  which 
[s  31  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Hannibal.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
pottery. 

Somerset,  apost-village  in  Somerset  township,  Niagara 
up.,  N.Y.,  about  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Buffalo,  and  1  mile  from 
Somerset  Station,  which  is  on  the  Lake  Ontario  Shore  Rail- 
road, 28  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lewiston.  It  contains  2  churches, 
ibout  30  houses,  and  a  union  school.  The  township  is 
bounded  N.  by  Lake  Ontario.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1918. 

Somerset,  a  village  in  Somerset  township,  Belmont 
JO.,  0.     Pop.  197. 

Somerset,  Jefferson  co.,  0.     See  New  Somerset. 

Somerset,  a  post-village  in  Reading  township,  Perry 
so.,  0.,  on  the  Straitsville  division  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  24  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Newark,  and  about  20  miles 
5.W.  of  Zanesville.  It  has  a  bank,  4  churches,  a  news- 
)aper  office,  a  carriage-factory,  and  a  woollen-mill.  Coal  is 
bund  near  this  place.     Pop.  in  1880,  1207. 

Somerset,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Somerset  co.,  Pa., 
n  a  township  of  the  same  name,  about  36  miles  N.N.W. 
tf  Cumberland,  Md.,  and  66  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pittsburg.  A 
hort  branch  of  the  Pittsburg,  Washington  &  Baltimore 
itailroad  connects  this  place  with  Mineral  Point.  Somerset 
has  2  newspaper  ofBces,  2  banking-houses,  and  5  churches. 
Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  in  1880,  1197  ;  of  township,  3276. 

Somerset,  township,  'Washington  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1325. 
i   Somerset,  a  post-office  of  Atascosa  co.,  Tex. 

Somerset,  a  post-township  of  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  about 
2  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bennington.  It  is  drained  by  the  Deer- 
ield  River.     Pop.  80. 

Somerset,  a  post-hamlet  in  Somerset  township,  St. 
!!roi.K  CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Apple  River,  6  miles  W.  of  New 
lichmond,  and  about  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Hudson.  It  has 
,  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  The  township  is 
lounded  W.  by  St.  Croi.v  River.     Pop.  of  township,  968. 

Somerset,  siim'^r-set,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  Nova 
icotia,  2  miles  from  Berwick.     Pop.  180. 

Somerset,  a  post-village  in  Prince  co..  Prince  Edward 
sland,  12  miles  from  Summerside.     Pop.  250. 

Somerset,  a  settlement  in  Lunenburg  co..  Nova  Scotia, 
.4  miles  from  Bridgewater.     Pop.  75. 

Somerset,  or  Ples'sisville,  a  village  in  Megantic 
0.,  Quebec,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  51  miles  S.W. 
f  Quebec.  It  contains  several  saw-,  grist-,  and  carding- 
nills,  a  tannery,  an  iron-foundry,  a  church,  a  convent, 
lotels,  and  stores.     Pop.  1200. 

Somersdit,  or  Somerset  East,  a  town  of  Cape 
!olony,  SO  miles  N.W.  of  Graham's  Town,  at  the  base  of 
be  Boschbcrg.     Pop.  2231. 

Somerset  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Hillsdale  co., 
lich.,  on  the  Detroit,  Hillsdale  &  Southwestern  Railroad, 
6  miles  N.E.  of  Hillsdale.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Somerset  Furnace,  a  post-office  of  Somerset  co.,  Pa., 
bout  40  miles  W.S.W.  of  Altoona. 

Somerset  Junction,  a  station  in  Warren  co.,  Iowa, 
t  the  junction  of  the  Indianola  and  Winterset  Branches 
f  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  15i  miles 
;.  of  Des  Moines. 

Somerset  Junction,  a  station  of  the  Belvidere  Dela- 
'are  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Mercer  &  Somerset 
Lailroad,  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Trenton. 

Somerset  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Fairfield  township, 
omersct  co..  Me.,  on  the  Kennebec  River  and  the  Maine 
entral  Railroad,  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Augusta.  It  has 
«.ter-power,  a  grist-mill,  several  saw-mills,  and  a  church. 

Somerset  River,  Africa.    See  Swakop  Rivjer. 

Somersetshire,  England.    See  Somerset. 

Somerset  Station,  Iowa.    See  Summerset. 

Somers  Islands.    See  Bermuda  Islands. 

Somers  (sQm'^rz)  Lane,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  co., 

a.,  on  the  Tioga  River  and  the  Tioga  Railroad,  17  miles 

by  W.  of  Corning,  N.Y.,  and  i  mile  from  Tioga  Junction. 

Somers  Point,  a  post-hamlet  and  port  of  entry  of 
lUlantic  CO.,  N.J.,  on  Great  Egg  Harbor  Bay,  at  the  ter- 
linus  of  a  branch  of  the  West  Jersey  Railway,  7i  miles 
.W.  of  Pleasantville,  and  about  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  At- 
intic  City. 

Somersville,  sJim'^rz-vil,  a  post-vill.age  of  Contra 

osta  CO.,  Cal.,  about  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  San  Francisco.    It 

as  a  church.    Coal-mining  is  the  principal  business  of  this 

lace,  from  which  the  Black  Diamond  Railroad  extends  to 
Slack  Diamond  (or  New  York  Landing). 

Somersville,  Connecticut.    See  Somerville. 


Somersworth,  svim'§rs-worth,a  township  of  Str.afford 
CO.,  N.H.    Pop.  5586.    It  includes  the  village  of  Great  Falls. 

Somerton,  stim'^r-t^n,  a  town  and  parish  of  England, 
CO.  of  Somerset,  to  which  it  gave  name,  on  the  Carey,  5 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Ilchester.     Pop.  2302. 

Somerton,  sum'^r-t^n,  a  post-village  of  Belmont  cp., 
0.,  in  Somerset  township,  8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Barnesville, 
and  about  24  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bellaire.  It  has  a  bank,  2  or 
3  churches,  a  wagon-shop,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  197. 

Somerton,  a  post-office  of  Philadelphia  co..  Pa.,  is  a 
branch  of  the  Philadelphia  post-otfice.  Somerton  is  a  sta- 
tion on  the  New  York  &  Philadelphia  New  Line,  15  milo8 
N.E.  of  Philadelphia.    It  has  a  church  and  2  cigar-factories. 

Somerton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nansemond  co.,  Va.,  about 
33  miles  S.AV.  of  Norfolk.     It  has  a  church. 

Somervell,  silm'§r-vel,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part 
of  Te.xas,  is  intersected  by  the  Brazos  River.  The  surlaco 
is  diversified.     Capital,  Glen  Rose.     Pop.  in  1880,  2649. 

Somerville,  a  post-village  of  Morgan  co.,  Ala.,  about 
26  miles  S.S.W.  of  Huntsville,  and  5  miles  S.  of  the  Ten- 
nessee Riverv  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  brick  churchy 
an  academy,  and  a  steam  flour-mill.     Pop.  209. 

Somerville,  or  Somersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tol- 
land CO.,  Conn.,  in  Somers  township,  6  miles  E.  of  Thomp  • 
sonvillc.     It  has  a  church  and  a  woollen-factory. 

Somerville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gibson  co.,  Ind.,  about 
25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Evansville.     It  has  a  church. 

Somerville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Somerville  township, 
Lincoln  co..  Me.,  about  16  miles  E.  of  Augusta.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  505. 

Somerville,  a  city  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  a  suburb 
of  the  city  of  Boston,  on  the  Lowell  Railroad,  2  miles  from 
the  initial  station  in  Boston.  It  contains  23  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  2  flour-mills,  2  extensive  slaughtering 
establishments,  tanneries,  tube-works,  bleachery,  oil-ro- 
finery,  iron-foundries,  and  manufactures  of  funeral-wares, 
canned  goods,  bricks,  ladders,  cigars,  etc.  Many  of  tho 
residences  are  elegant  and  costly.  Its  post-office  is  a- 
branch  of  the  Boston  post-office.     Pop.  in  1880,  24,933. 

Somerville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Somerset  co.,i 
N.J.,  in  Bridgewater  township,  on  the  Raritan  River,  and 
on  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  36  miles  W  .S.W.  of 
New  York,  and  about  1 1  miles  W.N.AV.  of  New  Brunswick. 
It  is  connected  with  Flemington  by  railroad,  and  cont.ains 
a  court-house,  6  churches,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank, 
several  classical  schools,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  3 
weekly  newspapers.  It  has  manufactures  of  bricks,  car- 
riages, sash  and  blinds,  soap,  shirts,  and  shoes.     Pop.  3105, 

Somerville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rossie  township,  St. 
Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Oswegatchie  River,  2  miles 
from  Keene  Station.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  113. 

Somerville,  a  post-village  in  Milford  township,  Butler 
CO.,  0.,  on  Seven  Mile  Creek,  and  on  the  railroad  which 
connects  Hamilton  with  Richmond,  Ind.,  14  miles  N.  of 
Hamilton.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  389. 

Somerville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Fayette  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Loosahatchee  River,  52  miles  by  rail  E.  by 
N.  of  Memphis.  It  is  the  N.  terminus  of  the  Somerville 
Branch  Railroad,  13  miles  long,  which  connects  with  tho 
Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad  at  Moscow.  It  has  a 
court-house,  a  jail,  6  churches,  an  academy,  a  newspaper 
office,  2  hotels,  a  female  institute,  a  flour-mill,  and  9  dry- 
goods  stores,  and  is  surrounded  by  rich  cotton-plantations. 
Pop.  in  1880,  834. 

Somerville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fauquier  co.,  Ya.,  about 
44  miles  S.W.  of  Washington,  D.C. 

Somerville,  sum'er-vil,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  co., 
New  Brunswick,  lOj  miles  from  AVoodstock.     Pop.  100. 

Somes  (somz)  Bar,  a  post-office  of  Siskiyou  co.,  Cal. 

Somesville,  somz'vil,  a  hamlet  of  Hancock  co.,  Me., 
on  Mount  Desert  Island,  at  the  head  of  Somes  Sound,  8 
miles  W.  of  Bar  Harbor.  It  has  a  church,  2  hotels,  and 
several  lumber-mills.     Here  is  Mount  Desert  Post-Office. 

Somlyo,  6om'le-o,  a  market-town  of  Transylvania,  co. 
of  Szilagy,  52  miles  N.W.  of  Klausenburg.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  2747. 

Somma,  som'mil,  or  Soma,  so'm&,  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
Milan,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Lago  Maggiore.     Pop.  3172. 

Somma,  a  town  of  Italy,  9  miles  E.  of  Naples,  at  the 
foot  of  Monte  Somma,  the  N.  flank  of  Mount  Vesuvius. 
Pop.  4206.  It  has  a  castle,  a  college,  several  churches,  » 
public  hospital,  and  a  trade  in  wines  and  fruits. 

Somma  Campagna,  som'mil  kim-p3,n'y&,  a  village 
of  Italy,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Verona.     Pop.  2793. 

Somma  Paz,  8om'm4  pis,  a  mountain-range  of  South 
America,  extending  E.  of  the  Magdalena  to  Lake  Mara- 
caybo  and  the  city  of  Valencia  in  Venezuela. 


I 


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2492 


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Sommariva  del  Bosco,  8om-tn&-roo'v&  il£l  bot'ko,  a 
town  uf  Itiily,  in  Coni,  8  iniloii  S.E.  of  Carinagnola.    P.  4160. 

Sommariva  del  Parno,  8oiu-ra&-ree'v&  M  pau'no, 
a  town  of  Italy,  contiguous  to  the  above.     Pop.  2U0d. 

SommC)  80UUU  (ano.  Sam'ara),  a  river  of  Franco,  rises 
N.E.  of  Saint-Quentin,  in  tho  do|>artuient  of  Aii<no,  flows 
MMt  Amiens,  and  enters  the  English  Channel  between  Le 
Grotoy  and  Saint-Valery-sur-Souinie.  Its  chief  affluent  is 
tho  Arve,  on  the  left.  Length,  117  miles.  It  is  connected 
with  the  Oise  and  Scheldt  by  the  Canal  of  the  Sommo. 

Somme*  a  department  in  the  N.AV.  of  Franco,  in  Pi- 
cardy,  having  W.  the  English  Channel.  Area,  23-13  square 
miles.  Pop.  in  1881,  650,887.  The  surfivce  is  flat.  The 
Sommo  is  the  only  river  of  importance.  The  soil  is  fertile 
in  corn,  hotnp,  lint,  and  hops.  It  has  numerous  manufac- 
tures, the  chief  being  velvets,  cottons,  woollens,  soap,  sugar, 
and  paper.  The  department  is  traversed  by  the  Northern 
Railway,  and  by  the  railway  from  Amiens  to  Boulogne. 
Capital,  Amiens. 

Som'mee%  a  town  of  India,  in  Palanpoor,  9  miles 
S.E.  of  Radhunpoor.     Pop.  6486. 

Sommelsdykf  or  Sommelsdyk,  som'm^ls-dik^  n 
village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  South  Holland,  island  of 
Ovorflakkee,  19  miles  S.W.  of  Rotterdam.     Pop.  2384. 

Som'men,  a  lake  of  Sweden,  lacn  and  3U  miles  S.W. 
of  Linkoping,  15  miles  B.  of  Lake  Wetter.  Length,  25 
miles ;  breadth,  8  miles.  It  discharges  its  surplus  waters 
N.  into  Lake  Roxen  and  the  Baltic  Sea. 

Sdmmerda^  sOm-mdii'di,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
13  miles  N.N.E.  of  Erfurt,  on  the  Unstrut.  Pop.  5945.  It 
bos  manufactures  of  arms. 

Sommerein,  a  town  of  Hungary.    Sec  Somerein. 

Sommerfeld)  som'm§r-f51t\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Brandenburg,  on  the  Lupa,  44  miles  S.S.E.  of  Frankfort, 
on  the  Berlin  A  Glogau  Railway.  Pop.  10,235.  It  has 
manufactures  of  woollens  and  linens. 

Sommcrsville,  sum'm5rz-vll,  a  station  of  the  Carolina 
Central  Railroad,  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Wilmington,  N.C. 

Sommi^res,  som'mo-aiR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gard, 
17  miles  W.S.W.  of  NJmes.  Pop.  3588.  It  has  a  chamber 
of  manufactures,  many  tanneries,  and  manufactures  of 
tricots,  blankets,  pottery,  <fec. 

Somnauth,  8om'nawt',orPuttun  Somnauth,pur- 
tBn'  som'nawt',  a  maritime  town  of  India,  in  Kattywar,  28 
miles  N.W.  of  Diu  Head,  in  lat.  20°  53'  N.,  Ion.  70°  35'  E., 
and  famous  for  a  temple  which  was  long  a  principal  place 
of  Hindoo  pilgrimage  and  celebrated  for  its  vast  wealth, 
but  which  was  sacked  by  Mahmood  of  Ghuznee  in  1024 
and  its  gates  carried  to  Ghuznee.  They  were  removed  by 
tho  British  in  1842  and  brought  back  into  India. 

Somno,  Rio  do,  ree'o  do  som'no,  a  river  of  Brazil, 
rises  on  the  confines  of  the  province  of  Pernambuco,  and, 
proceeding  N.N.W.,  joins  the  Tocantins  on  the  right. 

Somno,  Rio  do,  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the  province 
of  Minas-Geraes,  on  the  frontiers  of  the  province  of  Goyaz, 
flows  N.E.,  receiving  the  Almas  on  the  right,  and  joins  the 
Parafatu. 

Somogy,  a  county  of  Hungary.    See  SOmegh. 

Somonauk,  som'o-nawk,  a  post-village  in  Somonauk 
township,  De  Kalb  co..  111.,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  <fc 
Quincy  Railroad,  60 i  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chicago,  and  about 
24  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ottawa.  It  has  a  graded  school,  7 
churches,  a  money-order  post-ofiBce,  a  chcegp-factory,  and 
a  broom-factory.  Pop.  in  1880,  587.  The  township  contains 
a  larger  village,  named  Sandwich,  and  has  a  pop.  of  3865. 

Somorrostro,  so-mon-nos'tro,  a  village  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  15  miles  N.W.  of  Bilbao,  on  the  Bay  of  Biscay. 

Somoserra,  so-mo-sfiii'u.\,  a  village  and  parish  of 
Spain,  province  and  40  miles  N.W.  of  Guadalajara. 

Somu-Somu,  so'moo-so'moo,  a  town  in  the  Piicific,  on 
the  N.W.  side  of  Vuna  (or  Tabe-Ouni),  one  of  the  largest 
of  the  Feejee  group,  in  lat.  16°  46'  S.,  Ion.  179°  58'  W. 

Sonai,  a  town  of  India.     See  Soxye. 

Soncino,  son-cheo'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
20  milez  N.N.W.  of  Cremona,  on  tho  Oglio.     Pop.  3782. 

Sonderburg,  son'd§r-b66Ro\  or  Sonderborg,  son'- 
d§r-bonG\  a  town  of  Prussia,  on  the  S.W.  side  of  the  island 
of  Alsen,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Flensburg.     Pop.  5863. 

Sondershausen,  8on'd§rs-h5w^z§n,  a  town  of  Ger- 
many, capital  of  Schwarzburg-Sondershauscn,  at  the  con- 
fluence of  the  AVipper  and  Bebra,  28  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Erfurt.  Pop.  5723.  It  has  a  gymnasium  and  a  castle,  the 
residence  of  the  prince. 

Sdndre  Bcrgenhuns,  son'dri  bSu'gb^n-hooss*,  a 
mountainous  amt  or  province  of  Norway,  bounded  W.  by 
the  sea.  Area,  5854  square  miles.  Pop.,  exclusive  of  the 
town  of  Bergeii,  119,303. 


SUndre  Trondhjcm,  sJJn'dri  trCnd'yim,  an  amt  or 
province  of  Norway,  having  Sweden  on  tho  K.  and  the  te» 
on  the  N.W.  Area,  7084  square  miles.  Capital, Trondbiem 
Pop.  116,804.  •       .  J  «. 

Sondrio,  son'dre-o,  a  town  of  Italy,  capital  of  thi 
province  of  Sondrio,  on  the  Mallero,  near  its  mouth  in  tb« 
Adda,  34  miles  N.E.  of  Bergamo.     Pop.  43.'iy. 

Sondrio,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy,  havinir 
Switzerland  on  the  N.W.  and  N.  and  Tyrol  on  tho  N.K. 
Area,  1259  square  miles.     Capital,  Sondrio.     Pup.  1 11,24 li 

Sone,  or  Boane,  son,  a  river  of  India,  tributary  to  th« 
Ganges,  which  it  joins  25  miles  W.  of  Patna,  after  a  N.E 
course  of  440  miles.  It  rises  in  Berar,  and  flows  through  the 
Gurrah-Mundlah  table-land  and  the  dominions  of  Rewah, 
its  course  lying  mostly  in  the  presidency  of  Bengal,  u', 
affluents  are  the  Behrun  and  Coyle,  from  the  S.  It  ii  of 
little  use  for  navigation.  At  Baroon  the  Sone  is  3  iniln 
wide,  its  nearly  dry  bed  being  a  desert  of  sand,  except  in 
time  of  flood.  The  banks  are  very  barren,  with  no  trcen 
near.     Tho  Sone  is  the  Ermioboas  of  the  ancients. 

Son^a,  so-n4'iii,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Castellon  de  U 
Plana,  27  miles  N.  of  Valencia,  on  the  Piilancia.   Pop.  1972 

Sonepoor,  so'ne-poor',  a  town  of  British  India,  on  tL» 
Mahanuddy,  43  miles  S.  of  Suiiibhulpoor. 

So'nepoor',  or  Sonpiir,  son^poor',  a  native  state  of 
India,  with  its  centre  about  lat.  21°  45'  N.,  Ion.  84°  45'  E. 
Area,  906  square  miles.     Capital,  SonepiKir.     Pop.  1.10,713. 

Soneput,  or  Sonipat,  so'nc-piit',  a  town  of  India, 
district  and  27  miles  N.W.  of  Delhi.     Pop.  12,176. 

Sonestown,  sOnz'town,  a  post-villnge  of  Sullivan  co.. 
Pa.,  on  Muncy  Creek,  about  27  miles  E.N.E.  of  Williams- 
port.     It  has  a  church,  a  foundry,  and  u  saw-mill. 

Songahatciice  Creek,  Ala.    See  SAWKEiiATcnEg. 

Songari,  a  river  of  Manchooria.    See  Soo.ngaiiee. 

Song'Ca,  a  large  river  of  China.    See  Sang-Koi. 

Song-Kiang,  song-ke-&ng',  a  city  of  China,  province 
of  Kinng-Soo,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Soo-Chow-Foo.  It  hu 
manufactures  of  cotton  goods. 

Sonho,  son'yo,  a  town  of  Congo,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the 
Congo,  near  its  mouth,  175  miles  N.W.  of  Bamba. 

Sonhoven,  a  village  of  Belgium.    See  Zo.snovE.v. 

Sonico,  son'e-ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Ber- 
gamo, 3  miles  S.E.  of  Edolo,  on  the  Oglio.     Pop.  1634. 

Son'man,  a  station  in  Cambria  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Pcnn> 
sylvania  Railroad,  21  miles  W.S.W.  of  Altoona. 

Sonmeanee,  son*m.\-il'nee,  or  Soomeanee  (Soa« 
meanee),  soo*mi-i'nee,  a  seaport  town  of  Bcloochiston, 
province  of  Loos,  on  the  N.E.  side  of  the  Bay  of  Son- 
meanee, near  the  frontier  of  Sinde.  Lat.  25°  22'  N. ;  Ion. 
66°  35'  E.     Pop.  2000.     It  consists  of  about  500  houses. 

Sonneberg,  son'n^h-bfiRG^  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
Saxe-Meiningen,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Coburg.  Pop.  7.'!22,  who 
manufacture  toys,  musical  instruments,  and  wooden-wares. 

Sonnenberg,  son'n^n-biRO^  or  Sunypcrk,  soo'ne- 
p8Rk%  a  town  of  Bohemia,  N.W.  of  Saatz,  on  the  Erz-Ge- 
birge.     Pop.  1758. 

Sonnenburg,  son'n^n-bSSno^  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Brandenburg,  19  miles  N.N.E.  of  Frankfort.  Pop.  5573, 
who  manufacture  woollen  cloths. 

Sonnenwaldc,  son'n^n-^-drd^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Brandenburg,  11  miles  S.S.W.  of  Luckau.     Pop.  1152. 

Sono'ma,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  California,  hai 
an  area  of  about  1400  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  tho 
S.W.  by  the  Pacific  Ocean,  on  tho  N.E.  by  the  Coast  Range, 
and  on  the  S.E.  by  San  Pablo  Bay.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Russian  River,  and  also  drained  by  Petaluma,  Santa  Rosa, 
and  Sonoma  Creeks,  which  run  through  beautiful  and  fer- 
tile valleys  of  tho  same  names.  The  surface  is  partly, 
mountainous,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  red- 
wood, yellow  pine  {Piuim  ponderosa),  sugar-])ine,  and  fir, 
which  afford  excellent  timber.  This  county  has  a  mild  and 
equable  climate,  well  ad.iptcd  to  the  cultivation  of  grapes. 
Wheat,  wine,  butter,  h.iy,  cattle,  oats,  barley,  wool,  and 
lumber  are  tho  staple  products.  It  produced  in  1870 
308,496  gallons  of  wine.  "  The  Sonoma  wine,"  says  Croniso, 
"differs  from  that  produced  in  other  parts  of  the  stale, 
being  lighter  and  more  tart,  and  well  adapted  for  cham- 
pagne purposes."  Among  its  mineral  resources  are  einn.%- 
Dar,  copper,  gypsum,  limestone,  sulphur,  alum,  and  granite. 
In  the  N.E.  part  of  this  county  are  numerous  hot  springs, 
called  "geysers."  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Sun 
Francisco  &  North  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Santa  Rosa. 
Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $15,535,418.  Pop. 
in  1870,  19,819;  in  1880,  25,926. 

Sonoma,  a  post-village  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  is  on 
Sonoma  Creek,  about  45  miles  N.  of  San  Francisco,  and  10 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Petaluma.     It  is  situated  in  a  beautiful 


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Talley,  the  soil  and  climate  of  which  are  adapted  to  the 
production  of  grapes.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  about  600. 

Sonoma,  a  post-office  of  Haywood  co.,  N.C. 

Sonoma  Creek,  California,  runs  southward  in  Sonoma 
CO.,  and  enters  San  Pablo  Bay. 

Sono'ra,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Tuolumne  co.,  Cal., 
about  90  wiles  S.E.  of  Sacramento,  and  60  miles  E.  of 
Stockton.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  jail,  6  churches,  a  graded 
Bchool,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  breweries,  2  grist-mills,  a 
foundry,  a  quartz-mill,  and  rich  gold-mines.     Pop.  1492. 

Sonora,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gordon  co.,  Ga.,  10  miles  E. 
of  Calhoun.     Pop.  45. 

Sonora,  a  post-township  of  Hancock  co.,  111.,  is  bounded 
on  the  Vf.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  is  about  8  miles 
N.E.  of  Keokuk,  Iowa.  Much  grain  is  shipped  here  in 
steamboats.  Pop.  1485.  Sonora  Post-OflBce  is  on  the  river 
at  the  steamboat-landing. 

Sonora,  a  post-village  of  Hardin  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Louis- 
ville <t  Great  Southern  Railroad,  55  miles  S,  of  Louisville. 
It  has  3  churches  and  a  seminary.     Pop.  266. 

Sonora,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Miss.,  5  miles  S.  of 
Houston. 

Sonora,  a  decayed  village  of  Atchison  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  li  miles  from  the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph 
<fc  Council  Bluffs  Railroad,  and  about  66  miles  N.W.  of  St. 
Joseph.     Pop.  265. 

Sonora,  a  post-hamlet  in  Bath  township,  Steuben  co., 
N.Y.,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Savona  Station.  It  has  a  church,  a 
grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Sonora,  a  post-hamlet  in  Perry  township,  Muskingum 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Central  Ohio  division  of  the  Baltimore  & 
Ohio  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Zanesville.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  97. 

Sonora,  Preble  co.,  0.    See  West  SoNonA. 

Sonora,  so-no'ri,  a  small  river  of  Mexico,  in  a  state 
of  its  own  name,  has  a  S.W.  and  W.  course,  and  enters  a 
lake,  in  lat.  29°  30'  N.,  Ion.  111°  AV.     Length,  300  miles. 

Sonora,  a  state  in  the  N.W.  part  of  the  Mexican  re- 
public, bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  United  States,  on  the  E. 
by  Chihuahua  and  Durango,  on  the  S.  by  Cinaloa,  and  on 
the  W.  by  the  Gulf  of  California.  Ar.ea,  78,997  square 
miles.  The  surface  in  the  W.  and  S.  is  generally  flat,  and 
contains  considerable  fruitful  land,  watered  by  the  rivers 
Mayo  and  Yaqui,  and  a  number  of  small  lakes  formed 
during  the  rainy  season  ;  towards  the  E.  the  cordillera  be- 
gins to  rise,  and  ultimately  attains  a  great  height.  In  this 
mountainous  district  many  fertile  valleys  intervene,  and 
rich  deposits  of  silver  and  other  metals  are  found.  The 
climate  is  warm  throughout  the  year.  The  chief  rivers,  be- 
sides the  Mayo  and  Yaqui,  are  the  Rio  Grande  de  Bavispe, 
the  Oposura,  the  Sonora,  and  tributaries  Dolores,  Gua}'- 
mas,  and  San  Ignacio.  A  large  portion  of  the  state  is  oc- 
cupied by  Indian  tribes,  some  of  whom  have  been  converted 
to  Roman  Catholicism.  They  subsist  partly  by  agriculture; 
but  the  greater  portion  are  wild  and  nomadic,  and  generally 
hostile  to  the  whites.  The  trade  of  Sonora  is  chiefly  carried 
on  at  Guaymas  and  Pitic.  For  administrative  purposes 
it  is  divided  into  the  departments  of  Arispo  and  llor- 
casitas.     Capital,  Ures.     Pop.  (1882)  143,924. 

Sonora,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Sonora,  on  the  river 
Sonora,  35  miles  S.  of  Arispe.  Pop.  8000,  Near  it  are 
8ome|silver-mines. 

Sonora  Pass,  California,  is  a  pass  by  which  wagons 
cross  the  Sierra  Nevada,  at  an  elevation  of  about  10,000 
feet  above  the  sea-level.  It  is  7  miles  N.W.  of  Castle  Peak, 
and  is  near  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Alpine  co. 

Sonpur,  a  stale  of  India.    See  Sonepoor. 

Sonseca,  son-si'ki,  a  town  of  Spain,  8  miles  S.  of  To- 
ledo.    Pop.  4499. 

Son-Servera,  son-sSR-vi'rl,  a  village  at  the  E.  ex- 
tremity of  the  island  of  Majorca,  near  the  sea.    Pop.  1373. 

Son- Son,  son-son',  a  town  of  the  United  States  of 
Colombia,  state  of  Cundinamarca,  province  and  75  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Antioquia,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Cauca. 

Sonsonate,  son-so-n4'ti,  a  town  of  San  Salvador,  50 
miles  W.S.W.  of  the  city  of  San  Salvador.  Pop.  10,000. 
It  is  in  one  of  the  richest  districts  of  the  state,  and  has 
some  superb  churches.     Near  it  is  the  volcano  of  Izalco. 

Son'tag,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Va. 

Sontinum,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Zo.vs. 

Sontius,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Isonzo. 

Sonye,  or  Sonai,  so-ni',  a  town  of  India,  20  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Ahmednuggur.     Pop.  5254. 

Son  Yea,  son  ya,  a  post-ofiioe  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Dansville  &  Mount  Morris  Railroad,  11  miles  N.W. 
of  Dansville.  Here  is  a  Shaker  village,  which  has  a  flour- 
mill,  a  saw-mill,  a  pail-factory,  <tc. 


Soobashi,  Soubachi,  or  Subaschi,  soo-bi'sbee, 
written  also  Subascho,  a  town  of  Russia,  on  the  Black 
Sea,  about  90  miles  S.E.  of  Anapa. 

Soobtsov,  Zoubtzov,  SubzoAV,  soobt-sov',  or 
Zoobtzov',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Tver,  on 
the  Volga.     Pop.  3301. 

Soobunrckha,  or  Subunreeka,  soo-b&n-rce'k& 
(the  "gold  line"),  a  river  of  British  India,  in  Orissa,  enters 
the  Bay  of  Bengal  after  a  S.E.  course  of  250  miles,  for  the 
last  20  of  which  it  is  navigable.  Twelve  miles  from  its 
mouth  is  the  seaport  of  Soobunrckha,  near  the  site  of  the 
former  English  town  of  Pipply,  which  no  longer  exists. 

Soo-Chow-Foo,  sooVhow'foo',  or  Soo-Tchoo, 
soo'choo',  written  also  Su-Chew  and  Sou-Tcheou- 
Fou,  a  town  of  China,  province  of  Kiang-Soo,  on  a  lake 
in  the  line  of  the  Imperial  Canal,  and  in  the  most 
populous  district  of  China,  125  miles  S.E.  of  Nanking.  It 
consists  of  the  town  proper,  surrounded  by  walls  about  10 
miles  in  circuit,  and  of  4  suburbs  of  great  extent.  It  con- 
tains an  immense  floating  population.  It  is  intersected  by 
canals,  crossed  by  numerous  bridges,  several  of  which  are 
built  of  granite.  It  is  celebrated  throughout  China  for  the 
splendor  of  its  buildings,  the  beauty  of  its  terraces  and 
gardens,  and  the  excellence  of  its  manufactures,  including 
silk  goods,  linen  and  cotton  fabrics,  glass,  lacquered  ware, 
paper,  and  numerous  articles  in  iron,  ivory,  wood,  horn,  &o. 
The  trade  in  these  articles  and  in  general  produce  is  very 
extensive,  and  the  environs  are  covered  with  orchards,  gar- 
dens, mulberry  plantations,  and  highly-cultivated  fields  of 
cotton,  rice,  wheat,  <fec.     Pop.  about  1,000,000. 

Soodak,  Soudak,  or  Sudak,  sooM&k',  a  maritime 
town  of  the  Crimea,  in  Russia,  22  miles  S.W.  of  Kaffa. 

Soodan,  Soudan,  or  Sudan,  more  correctly  Bcled- 
es«Soodan,  be-]§d'-Js-sooM8,n',  the  "land  of  the  blacks," 
called  also  Nigritia,  ne-grish'e-a  (Ger.  Nigritien,  ne- 
gree'te-§n ;  Fr.  Nifjritie,  nee'gree'tee'),  a  vast  region  of 
Central  Africa,  the  limits  of  which  are  undefined,  but  it  is 
understood  to  be  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Kordofan,  on  the  S. 
by  the  parallel  of  lat.  6°  N.,  on  the  W.  by  Sencgambia,  and 
on  the  N.  by  the  Desert  of  Sahara.  The  E.  portion  com- 
prises the  basin  of  Lake  Chad  and  Lake  Fittre,  and  the 
N.  the  course  of  the  Upper  Niger.  From  the  meagre  ac- 
counts of  travellers,  the  greater  part  of  the  surface  appears 
to  be  flat,  except  in  the  S.,  where  it  is  said  to  be  hilly. 
What  is  called  Egyptian  Soudan  lies  E.  of  Soudan  proper, 
and  includes  Dongola,  Taka,  Sennaar,  Kordofan,  Darfoor, 
Fertit,  Ac. 

Sooden,so'd^n,  a  watering-place  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse- 
Nassau,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Hochst. 

Soodogda,  soo-dog'd&,  a  town  of  Russia,  20  miles 
S.E.  of  Vladimeer,  on  the  Soodogda.     Pop.  2499. 

Soodost,  Soudost,  or  Sudost,  soo'dost',  a  river  of 
Russia,  rises  in  the  government  of  Orel,  flows  a  southerly 
course  of  about  100  miles  through  the  government  of  Cher- 
nigov, and  joins  the  Desna  on  the  right. 

Soohag,  soo-hig',  an  important  town  of  Egypt,  on  the 
Nile,  capital  of  the  province  of  Girgeh,  about  45  miles 
above  Sioot. 

Sooi-Ching-Bao,  soo'ee-ching-bi'o,  Koor-Kara- 
Oosson,  or  Kour-Kara-Ousson,  koor-ki-ri-oos- 
son',  a  town  of  Chinese  Toorkistan,  190  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Ooroomtsee. 

Sooi-Ding>Ching,  soo'ee-ding-ching,  a  town  of 
China,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Kooldja. 

Sooi-Kow,  or  Sui-Kow,  soo'ee-kow,  a  town  of  China, 
in  Fo-Kien,  on  the  Min,  N.W.  of  Foo-Choo.     Pop.  6000. 

Sooja,  Soudja,soo'ji,  or  Sudsha,  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  54  miles  S.  of  Koorsk.  It  is  surrounded 
by  orchards  and  kitchen-gardens.     Pop.  4582. 

Sook-el-Shooyookh,Souk-el-Shou-Youkh,or 
Suk-el-Shuyukh,  sook-fil-shoo^yooK',  a  town  of  Asiatio 
Turkey,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Euphrates,  66  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Bassorah.  It  is  the  seat  of  an  active  inland  commerce, 
and  has  an  export  trade  in  horses,  esteemed  the  best  in  this 
part  of  the  Turkish  dominions. 

Sookhona,  Soukhona, Sukhona, or  Suchona, 
soo-Ko'ni,  a  river  of  Russia,  government  of  Vologda,  rises 
in  Lake  Koobinskoe,  flows  mostly  E.,  past  Totma  and  Oosti- 
oog  Velikee,  and  near  the  latter  town  joins  the  Yoog  to 
form  the  Dwina.  Total  course,  250  miles.  The  principal 
afiluents  are  the  Vologda  and  Tolchma.  It  is  navigable, 
and  forms  a  main  route  between  Vologda  and  Archangel. 

Soo^khooni',  Sookhoom,  or  Sukhnm,  soo'Koom', 
written  also  Ssuchum,  a  military  district  of  Russia,  ia 
Transcaucasia,  bordering  on  the  Black  Sea,  along  the  S.W. 
slope  of  the  Caucasus,  and  including  Abkhasia.  Area,  3331 
square  miles.     Chief  town,  Sookhoom-Kal6.     Pop.  70,701, 


soo 


2494 


SOO 


Sookhoom-Kal^f  Soukgoum-Kal6t  soo^Koom'- 
k&-li',  or  Sokhouni-Kal6,  a  tuwn  and  fort  of  Uussia, 
on  the  Hliiek  Son,  IS  miles  8.E.  of  Aniipa.     Pup.  1612. 

Sookh^|ioor%  or  8ukhpnr,  souk'poor',  a  town  of 
Bengal,  I)ot;lipoor,  IS  milos  N.  by  E.  of  Muhcsi.     P.  3233. 

Soo-Koo-l-l)asccr,  or  Suku-I-Basir^  soo'koo'- 
il-bi*8e<jr',  a  town  of  Arabia,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Shohr,  on 
the  S.K.  const.     EMtimatod  pop.  4500. 

Soola,  Soula,  or  Sula«  soo'ld,  a  river  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernments of  Kharkov  and  Poltava,  Joins  the  Dnieper  18 
luilos  N.W.  of  Krilov,  after  a  S.  oourse  of  20U  miles. 

Sooliinana,  Souiiniana,  or  Sulimana,  soo-le- 
ni&'nA,  IV  state  of  Africa,  in  Scncgambin,  mostly  between 
lat.  9^  and  10°  N.  and  Ion.  9°  .30'  and  ll"  W.,  adjacent  to 
Foota-Jallon  on  the  N.W.  and  Koranko  on  the  S.  Capital, 
Falaba.  The  river  Kokello  forms  a  part  of  the  W.  fron- 
tier. Several  fertile  pasturages  feed  many  herds,  camels, 
Ac.  The  Mnndingoes  bring  cloths,  gunpowder,  and  glass- 
wares into  Soolimana  in  return  for  other  Products. 

Soolina,  Souliua,  or  Sulina^soo-lee'ni,  one  of  the 
principal  brunches  by  which  the  Danube  discharges  its 
craters  into  the  Black  Sea,  within  the  Russian  govorniiient 
of  Bessarabia.  It  is  the  most  frequented  branch,  and  is 
used  for  transporting  immense  quantities  of  corn,  chiefly 
for  the  British  market.  Its  mouth  has  been  dce])ened  by 
the  construction  of  jetties. 

Soolina,  Souliua,  or  Sulinaf  a  town  or  village  of 
Rouuiania,  near  the  mouth  of  the  river  Soolina,  with  a  cus- 
tom-house. It  is  composed  of  a  double  vow  of  houses  along 
the  river-side,  with  a  dreary  marsh  behind  them.  Most  of 
the  houses  are  built  upon  piles. 

SooMoo'  (or  Suluk)  Islands  (Sp.  Jol6,  ho-10'),  an 
archipelago  of  the  Indian  Ocean,  between  the  Mindoro  or 
Sooloo  Sea  on  the  N.,  the  Celebes  Sea  on  the  S.,  the  island 
of  Borneo  on  the  S.W.,  and  that  of  Mindanao  on  the  N.E., 
and  between  lat.  4°  44'  and  6°  56'  N.  and  Ion.  119°  80'  and 
122°  30'  E.  Length,  from  S.W.to  N.E.,  about  200  miles.  It 
consists  of  nearly  150  islands,  most  of  them  very  small,  and 
divided  into  3  groups,  named  respectively  after  the  3  prin- 
cipal islands,  Baseelan  in  the  N.E.,  Sooloo  in  the  centre,  and 
Tawee-Taweo  in  the  S.W.  Baseelan,  situated  on  the  S.W. 
extremity  of  Mindanao,  is  of  an  oblong  form,  about  42  miles 
long  by  6  miles  broad.  Sooloo  stretches  35  miles  from  E. 
to  W.,  with  a  breadth  of  5  miles  to  10  miles,  and  Tawee- 
I'awee  is  situated  near  the  peninsula  of  Unsang,  forming 
the  N.E.  extremity  of  Borneo,  and  is  about  35  miles  long 
from  N.E.  to  S.W.  The  other  chief  islands  of  this  group  are 
Pata  on  the  S.,  and  a  small  group  called  the  Tapool  Isles  on 
the  S.S.W.  Among  the  timber-trees  are  teak  and  sandal- 
woods ;  and  among  the  fruits,  cocoa-  and  areca-nuts,  bananas, 
mangoes,  and  oranges.  Wild  boars  and  deers  are  common, 
and  oxen,  swine,  goats,  and  poultry  are  abundant.  The 
islands  were  formerly  noted  for  piracy.  The  whole  of  the 
Sooloo  Archipelago  was  under  the  sway  of  a  despotic  sul- 
tan, who  claimed  sovereignty  over  a  large  part  of  Borneo ; 
but  in  1878  the  Spaniards  conquered  the  islands  and  an- 
nexed them  to  the  colony  of  the  Philippines.  Capital, 
Sooloo.     The  aggregate  pop.  is  estimated  at  75,000. 

Sooloo,  also  called  Soung,  the  principal  town  of  the 
Sooloo  Archipelago,  situated  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  the  island 
of  its  own  name,  has  a  good  roadstead,  and,  though  generally 
composed  of  huts,  has  some  houses  of  more  ambitious  ap- 
pearance. The  trade  of  the  whole  island  centres  here.  In 
1851  it  was  taken  by  the  Spaniards,  and  has  since  been 
continuously  occupied  by  them.  After  their  conquest  of 
the  islands  in  1878  the  Spaniards  made  it  once  more  the 
capital  of  the  group.     Pop.  of  the  town,  6000. 

Sooloo  Sca«  or  Sea  of  Mindo'ro,  extends  between 
lat.  5°  and  15°  N.,  Ion.  117°  and  123°  E. 

Soomeanee,  a  town  of  Beloochistan.  See  Soxmeanee. 

Soomoto,  a  town  of  Japan.     See  Avasi. 

tSoomshoo,  Souinshoo,  or  Sumshu,  soom'shoo, 
one  of  the  Kooril  Islands,  about  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Capo 
Lopatka,  the  S.  extremity  of  the  peninauia  of  Kamchatka. 
It  is  about  10  miles  long  from  N.  to  S. 

Soomy,  Soumy,or  Sumy,  soo'mee,  a  lake  of  Siberia, 
in  the  government  of  Tomsk,  near  the  right  bank  of  the 
Irtish.  Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  about  55  miles;  breadth, 
about  35  miles. 

Soomy,  Soumy,  or  Sumy,  soo'mee,  a  town  of  Rus- 
sia, government  and  83  miles  N.W.  of  Kharkov,  on  the 
Pslol.     Pop.  14,126. 

Soonderdroog)  a  town  of  India.    See  Malwax. 
,    Sooneer,  a  town  of  India.     See  Joonkbr. 

Soongaree,  Soungari,  or  Sungari,  soon-g&-ree'  or 
•oon-gi'ree,  written  also  Songari,  a  river  of  Manchooria, 
rises  near  the  frontier  of  Corea,  flows  N.  and  N.E.,  and 


joins  the  Amoor  or  Saghalin  River  135  miles  S.W.  of  t!ic 
intlux  of  the  Oosooreo.    Total  course  ostiniiitvd  at  SOO  uiil> 
It  is  deep,  easily  navigated,  an<i  has  nuniciouH  nniucntn. 

Soongaria, or Soniigaria, M>ong-g&'rc-&,  wriucn nl.<n  r 
Dzoongaria  or  Dzoungaria  (ChinoHc,  Thian-UhnH.  i 
Pelu),  a  country  of  Coutial  Asiii,  forming  jwirt  of  the  Chi- 
nese  Empire,  bounded  N.W.  and  S.W.  by  Itusoiun  Toorkl*. 
tan,  which  indeed  includes  a  con^'iderable  part  of  what  wu 
formerly  culled  Soongaria,  and  on  the  S.  by  several  ranget 
of  mountains,  of  which  little  is  known.  The  surface  oon. 
sistti  ohiefly  of  nn  elevated  and  almost  desert  ))latcau,  sur- 
rounded and  partly  intersected  by  lofty  mouiitain-chnint. 
Numerous  rivers  descend  from  the  mountainn,  but  ninny  of 
them,  before  attaining  much  magnitude,  disappear  in  the 
sands  of  the  desert  or  euipty  tliemsolvus  into  its  l&kfi. 
Large  troctii  are  nearly  or  altogether  unlit  for  human  bsbU 
tation,  but  soiue  of  the  plains,  and  many  of  the  valleys,  are 
covered  with  good  pivsturc,  on  which  numerous  noiuade 
tribes  feed  their  herds.  In  all  the  three  divisions  cunsidar- 
ablo  tracts  are  under  cultivation,  and  produce  groin  of  dif- 
ferent kinds,  chiefly  uiillot  and  barley.  In  the  N.  extensive 
forests  occur ;  towards  the  K.  are  many  marshy  tracts  cov- 
ered with  reeds,  furnishing  shelter  to  numerous  wild  beasts. 
The  domestic  animals  are  principally  camels  and  butfiiloes. 
Among  the  minerals  are  gold,  copper,  iron,  nnd  it  is  snid 
also  coal.  Salt  is  obtained  in  abundance,  both  from  salt- 
lakes  and  from  mines.  Soongaria  was  originally  inhabited 
by  the  Oo-Sun,  who  appear  to  have  been  completely  distin- 
guished from  the  neighboring  nations  by  having  blue  eyss 
and  red  beards.  About  the  sixth  century  they  were  expelled 
by  the  Turks,  who,  after  remaining  masters  for  several  oen- 
turies,  were  obliged  to  yield  to  the  victorious  arms  of  Jen- 
ghis  Khan  and  his  Mongols.  The  Mongols  became  divided 
into  two  great  classes, — Mongols  projier  nnd  Eleuthes  or 
Calmucks.  The  latter  were  long  held  in  subjection  by  tlio 
former,  but  at  last  the  Calmucks  threw  cfl"  the  yoke,  nnd 
one  of  these  tribes,  called  Soongars,  or  Soongarians,  having 
greatly  distinguished  themselves,  gave  their  name  to  the 
country.  The  Emperor  of  China,  after  a  long  nnd  bloody 
war,  conquered  Soongaria  in  1754,  and  since  that  period 
it  has  been  treated  as  a  Chinese  province,  much  of  the 
region  now  under  Russian  control  being  claimed  by  China. 

Sooiignum,  soong'num',  a  populous  village  of  Thibet, 
on  the  Rushkolang,  a  tributary  of  the  Sutlej,  N.  of  the 
Himalayas.     Lat.  31°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  78°  28'  E. 

Soonkaur,  soon^kawr'  (Hindoo,  Sancaru),  a  town  of 
India,  in  Doccan,  Nizam's  dominions,  22  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Aurungabad. 

Soonth,  soont'h,  a  town  and  fort  of  West  Ilindostan, 
dominions  of  Odoypoor,  40  miles  S.  of  Doongurpoor. 

Sooiiwald,  son'\t-41t,  nn  elevated  plateau  of  Germany, 
terminating  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Rhine,  near  Biichnraeb. 

So-Ooj-Bolak,  or  So-Uj-Uolak,  so-ooj-bo'l4k',  a 
town  of  Persia,  in  Azerbaijan,  20  miles  S.  of  Lake  Oornomee- 
yah,  on  a  river  which  loses  itself  in  a  marshy  lake  12  miles 
N.  It  consists  of  about  1 200  houses,  inhabited  by  Jews 
Nestorinn  Christians,  and  Koords. 

Soopoi,  Soupoi,  or  Supoi,  soo'poi,  a  river  of  Rus- 
sia, traverses  Poltava,  and,  flowing  S.,  joins  the  Dnieper  on 
the  left.     Total  course,  110  miles. 

Soor,  Sour,  or  Sur,  soor,  a  seaport  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Arabia,  dominions  and  90  miles  S.E.  of  Muscat,  on  a  deep 
lagoon,  in  lat.  22°  37'  N.,  Ion.  59°  36'  E. 

Soor,  Sour,  or  Tsour,  soor  (anc.  T/nm,  or  Ti/re; 
Gr.  Tvpoi),  a  seaport  town  of  Syria,  28  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Acre,  on  the  E.  part  of  a  peninsula,  about  1  mile  in  length, 
which  in  antiquity  was  the  insular  site  of  the  famous  mari- 
time city  of  Tyre.  In  1837  it  suff'erod  from  a  severe  earth- 
quake, by  which  its  walls  and  buildings  were  greatly  dilapi- 
dated. On  the  peninsula  are  the  ruins  of  a  large  cathedral, 
and  various  traces  of  ancient  structures,  with  some  cisterns, 
apparently  connected  with  extensive  water-works,  and  an 
aqueduct  at  Ras-el-Ain,  on  the  mainland,  about  2  niilee 
distant.  Its  port  is  now  unfit  for  any  but  small  vessels, 
and  the  trade  of  this  ancient  emporium  of  the  East  has 
dwindled  to  small  exports  of  tobacco,  cotton,  and  fuel. 

Soora,  Soura,  or  Sura,  soo'ri,  a  river  of  Kusaia, 
chiefly  in  the  governments  of  Penza  and  Simbeersk,  after  a 
N.  course  of  400  miles,  joins  the  Volga  at  Vasil,  in  the  gov- 
ernment of  Nizhnee-Novgorod. 

Soorabaya,  a  town  of  Java.    See  Soerabata. 

Soorakarta,  or  Soorakerta.    See  Soerakarta. 

Soorazh,  or  Souraj,  soo-rdzh',  written  also  Ssu- 
rash,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  113  miles  N.N. Is. 
of  Chernigov,     Pop.  3770. 

Soorazh,  Soun^jf  Suriy*  or  Ssurash,  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  25  miles  N.E.  of  Vitebsk.   V.  1918. 


soo 


2495 


SOR 


Sooree,  a  town  of  India.     See  Beerbhoojt. 

Soorgoot,  Sourgout,  Surgut,  or  Snrghut,  8oor- 
goot',  sometimes  called  Soorgootoi  or  Surgutoi,  a  town 
of  Asiatic  Russia,  government  and  269  miles  N.E.  of  To- 
bolsk, on  the  Obi.     Pop.  1130. 

Soormah,  soor'ma,  a  river  of  British  India,  after  a  W. 
and  S.  course  of  200  niiles,  joins  the  Megna,  an  affluent  of 
the  Brahmapootra,  20  miles  S.  of  Azraerigunge. 

Soorooga,  Souroga,  or  Suruga,  soo-roo'gS,,  a 
populous  maritime  town  of  Japan,  in  the  island  of  Hondo, 
on  the  Bay  of  Totoraina,  90  miles  S.W.  of  Tokio.  It  has 
an  imperial  palace,  and  manufactures  of  paper  and  mats. 

SooVujghur'a,  or  Sur^ugarha,  sooVBj-gur'a,  a 
town  of  Bengal,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Ganges,  district  and 

16  miles  W.  of  Monghir.     Pop.  7935. 
Soo'rnjpoor',  a  town  of  India,  20  miles  S.E,  of  Delhi. 

Pop.  5216. 

Soory,  a  town  of  India.    See  Beerbhoom. 

Soos,  Sous,  or  Sus,  soos,  a  river  of  Morocco,  rises  in 
Mount  Atlas,  and,  after  a  AV.  course  of  130  miles,  enters 
the  Atlantic  5  miles  S.  of  Agadeer. 

Soos,  Sous,  or  Sus,  the  southernmost  province  of 
Morocco,  mostly  between  lat.  28°  30'  and  30°  30'  N.  and 
Ion.  10°  and  14°  W.,  having  N.  the  kingdom  of  Morocco, 
E.  Mount  Atlas,  S.  the  Desert,  and  W.  the  Atlantic.  Esti- 
mated area,  28,680  square  miles.  Pop.  700,000^  It  is  di- 
vided by  the  river  Tesset  into  Soos-el-Adna,  which  is  wholly 
subordinate  to  Morocco,  and  Soos-el-Aesa,  consisting  of  only 
tributary  districts.  The  principal  towns  are  Terodant, 
Agadeer,  Messa,  and  Noon. 

Soos,  Sous,  Sus,  soos,  or  Susan,  soo'sin'  (anc.  ^u- 
»«),  a  ruined  city  of  Persia,  in  Khoozistan  (anc.  Susiana),  the 
remains  of  which,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Choaspes,  50  miles 
W.  of  Shooster,  comprise  numerous  mounds. 

Soosa,  Sousa,  or  Susa,  soo'sS.,  a  fortified  seaport 
town  of  Tunis,  40  miles  S.  of  Hammamet,  on  the  S.W. 
shore  of  its  gulf.  Pop.  10,000.  It  has  a  port  adapted  for 
large  vessels,  handsome  mosques,  good  bazaars,  and  manu- 
factures of  woollen  cloths,  shoes,  and  linens. 

Soosam-Adassi,  Asia  Minor.    See  Samos. 

Soosighirlee-Soo,  or  Susighirli-Su,  soo'se-ghir*- 
lee'-soo  (anc.  Macet'lus),  a  river  of  Asia  Minor,  rises  in  the 
Lake  of  Simaul,  and  joins  the  Rhyndacus  about  12  miles  S. 
of  its  mouth  in  the  Sea  of  Marmora. 

Sootchoo,  or  Sootchoo-Foo.    See  Soo-Chow-Foo. 

Sootooko,  or  Soutouko,  soo'too-ko\  a  village  of 
West  Africa,  in  Wooli.     Lat.  13°  29'  N.;  Ion.  13°  55'  W. 

Soozdal,  Souzdal,  or  Suzdal^  .soozM3,r,  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  22  miles  N.  of  Vladimcer,  on  the 
Kamenka.  Pop.  7047.  Its  fortress  has  the  residence  of  its 
former  archbishops,  and  a  church  of  the  tenth  century. 

Sop'chop'py,  a  post-office  of  Wakulla  co.,  Fla.,  about 
40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Tallahassee. 

Sopetran,  so-p4-trln',  a  town  of  the  United  States  of 
Colombia,  state  of  Cundinamarca,  province  and  10  miles  S. 
of  Antioquia,  on  the  Cauca. 

Sophia,  Sofia,  so-fee'4,  or  Triaditza,  tre-i-dit'sl, 
a  city,  capital  of  Bulgaria,  on  the  route  from  Constantinople 
to  Belgrade,  about  325  miles  AV.N.W.  of  the  former.  Lat. 
42°  38'  N.;  Ion.  20°  26'  E.  It  is  meanly  built;  but  it  is 
reported  to  have  30  mosques  and  10  churches,  with  hot 
baths,  and  manufactures  of  woollens  and  silk  fabrics,  leather, 
and  tobacco.  It  is  the  see  of  Greek  and  Roman  Catholic 
archbishops.  It  was  founded  by  Justinian  on  the  ruins  of 
the  ancient  Sardica.     Pop.  20,000. 

Sophia,  80-fee'a,  or  Saint  Sophia,  a  town  of  Russia, 

17  miles  by  railway  S.  of  St.  Petersburg.     It  contains  a 
church  built  in  imitation  of  St.  Sophia  at  Constantinople. 

Sophon,  the  ancient  name  for  Sabanjah. 

Soping,  a  state  of  Celebes.     See  Soepa. 

So'pris  Peak,  Colorado,  a  granitic  mountain  of  the 
Elk  Range,  in  lat.  39°  15'  54"  N.,  Ion.  107°  9'  50"  W. 
Its  altitude  is  12,972  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Sopronium  and  Soprony.    See  OEDENBnno. 

Sopur,  so-poor',  a  town  of  Cashmere,  20  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Serinagur.     Pop.  3973. 

Soquel,  80-k5r,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of 
Santa  Cruz  co.,  Cal.,  in  Soquel  township,  on  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  and  on  the  Santa  Cruz  <k  Watsonville  Railroad,  4 
miles  E.  of  Santa  Cruz.  Here  is  attractive  scenery.  Soquel 
,has  a  church,  2  tanneries,  2  hotels,  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop, 
jin  1880,  328. 

Sora,  so'rl,  a  city  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta,  on  the 
fOarigliano,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Frosinone.  Pop.  5100.  It 
■tands  at  the  foot  of  a  height  on  which  are  the  remains  of 
a  Gothic  castle  and  the  walls  of  ancient  Sora.  It  has  a 
Iwthedral  and  various  other  churches. 


Sora'doTille,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mifilin  co..  Pa.,  in  De- 
catur township,  on  the  Sunbury  &  Lewistown  Railroad,  11 
miles  N.E.  of  Lewistown. 

Soragna,  so-rin'yi  (L.  Soranea),  a  town  of  Italy,  18 
miles  N.W.  of  Parma,  with  a  parish  church  and  a  large 
and  magnificent  palace.     Pop.  5492. 

Sorano,  so-ri'no,  a  walled  village  of  Italy,  5  miles 
N.E.  of  Pitigliano.     Pop.  of  commune,  5589. 

Sorata,  so-ri'ti,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  in  the  Andes,  de- 
partment and  57  miles  N.W.  of  La  Paz,  province  of  Lare- 
caja,  8715  feet  above  sea-level.  Pop.  1200.  A  few  miles 
S.  are  the  two  peaks  of  Sorata,  the  one  21,043  feet  and  the 
other  21,286  feet  high. 

Sorau,  so'row,  or  Zorowe,  tso-ro'^A,  a  town  of  Prus- 
sia, in  Brandenburg,  56  miles  S.S.E,  of  Frankfort,  on  the 
railway  from  Berlin  to  Silesia.  Pop.  13,183.  It  has  an 
orphan  asylum,  a  gymnasium,  and  manufactures  of  woollens 
and  linens. 

Soraun,  a  town  of  India.     See  SonoN. 

Soraya,  a  river  of  Portugal.    See  Zatas. 

Sorbas,  soR'bis,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  25  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Almeria.     Pop.  1992. 

Sor'bie,  or  Sor'by,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Wig- 
town, near  the  sea.     Pop.  of  parish,  1677. 

Sorbiodunum,  the  ancient  name  of  Old  Sarum. 

Sor'by,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Tenn. 

Sordi,  soR'dee,  or  Petalidha,  p3,-ti-leed'h\,  an  islaz>l 
off  the  W.  coast  of  Crete.     Lat.  35°  34'  N. ;  Ion.  23°  27'  E. 

Sorel,  so-r41',  or  William  Henry,  a  town  of  Quebec, 
capital  of  the  co.  of  Richelieu,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
river  Richelieu,  at  its  mouth  in  Lake  St.  Peter,  45  miles  by 
rail  N.E.  of  Montreal,  and  33  miles  from  St.  Hilairo.  It 
contains  manufactories  of  engines,  mill-machinery,  stoves, 
ploughs,  leather,  bricks,  &c.,  saw-  and  grist-mills,  offices 
issuing  2  weekly  newspapers,  2  branch  banks,  several  ho- 
tels, 3  or  4  churches,  and  a  number  of  stores.  This  is  the 
winter  quarters  of  nearly  all  the  steamboats  and  craft  ply- 
ing between  Montreal  and  Quebec.  Ship-building,  for 
which  there  are  excellent  facilities,  is  largely  engaged  in. 
Pop.  5636.    See  Richelieu. 

Sorell,  a  town  of  Tasmania,  on  Pitt  Water,  an  inlet  of 
North  Bay,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Hobart  Town. 

Sorel li  Rocks,  in  the  Mediterranean.    See  Galtta. 

Soresina,  so-ri-see'nl,  a  town  of  Italy,  14  miles  N.AV. 
of  Cremona,  between  the  Oglio  and  Adda.     Pop.  6827. 

Soreze,  soVaiz',  a  town  of  France,  in  Tarn,  14  miles 
S.AV.  of  Castres.     Pop.  1390. 

Sor'ghotown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Daviess  co.,  Ky.,  8 
miles  W.  of  Owensborougb.     It  has  a  church. 

Sorgoson,  soR-go-son',  a  village  of  the  Philippines, 
island  of  Luzon,  30  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Albay,  with  a  harbor. 

Sorgue,  soRG,  a  small  river  of  France,  rises  in  the  cel- 
ebrated fountain  of  Vaucluse,  in  the  department  of  Vau- 
cluse,  and  joins  the  Rhone  5  miles  N.  of  Avignon,  after  a 
W.  course  of  20  miles. 

Sorgues,  soro,  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  the  depart- 
ment of  Aveyron,  flows  W.N.W.,  and  joins  the  Dourdon 
after  a  course  of  above  30  miles. 

Sorgues,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Vaucluse, 
on  the  Sorgue,  5  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Avignon.     P.  2357. 

Soria,  so're-3,,  a  province  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile. 
Area,  5770  square  miles.  Agriculture  employs  the  greater 
part  of  the  population.     Pop.  158,992. 

Soria,  a  city  of  Spain,  capital  of  a  province,  on  th« 
Douro,  51  miles  S.S.E.  of  Logrofio.  Pop.  6320.  It  has 
manufactures  of  silks,  and  a  trade  in  wool.  Three  miles  N. 
are  ruins  conjectured  to  be  those  of  ancient  NumaHtia. 

Soria,  the  Italian  name  of  Syria  (which  see). 

Soriano,  so-re-&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  7  miles  E.  of 
Viterbo.     Pop.  4286. 

Soriano,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Catanzaro,  8 
miles  S.E.  of  Monteleone.     Pop.  2920. 

Sorisole,  so-re-so'li,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  S 
miles  N.AV.  of  Bergamo.     Pop.  1760. 

Soriien's  (sor'leenz)  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Yellow 
Medicine  co.,  Minn. 

Sorlingues,  the  French  name  of  the  Sctlly  Isles. 

Sorn,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  3  miles  E.  of 
Mauchline.     The  castle  of  Sorn  is  W.  of  the  village. 

Sorocaba,  so-ro-ki'bi,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  and 
50  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Sao  Paulo,  on  the  river  Sorocaba,  an 
afiluent  of  the  Tiete.     Pop.  1800.     It  has  a  trade  in  cattle. 

Soroe,  so'ro^  or  so'ro'eh,  almost  so'riih^y^h,  a  town  of 
Denmark,  island  of  Seeland,  on  the  small  Lake  of  Sor(!e, 
18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Corsoer.     Pop.  1397. 

Soroe,  a  large  island  of  Norway,  off  the  N.  coast  of 
Finmark,  lat.  70°  40'  N.,  Ion.  22°-24°  E. 


SOR 


2496 


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8oroka«  so-ro'ki,  a  village  of  Russiiv,  govornmont  and 
170  miles  W.  of  Archangel,  on  a  rocky  island  in  the  White 
6ea,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Vig. 

Soroka,  a  town  of  Ilussia,  province  of  Bessarabia,  on 
the  Dniester,  7S  milea  N.N.W.  of  Kishcnev.     Pop.  7161. 

Soroksar,  so^rok^saR',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  18 
miles  from  Pesth.     Pop.  5074. 

So^ron',  or  So^raun',  a  town  of  India,  district  of 
Etiih,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Budaon.     Pop.  11,182. 

ijorraya,  a  river  of  Portugal.     See  Zatas. 

Sor'rcl  Hill,  a  mounUiiu  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Wioklow, 
4  miles  S.E.  of  Blossington.     Height,  1915  feet. 

Sorrento,  aon-udn'to  (anc.  Surren'tmn),  a  maritime 
town  of  Italy,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Costel-a-Mare,  on  the  prom- 
ontory which  bounds  the  Bay  of  Naples  on  the  S.  Pop. 
19,905.  It  is  celebrated  for  the  beauty  of  its  vicinity  and 
the  mildness  and  salubrity  of  its  climate.  It  has  a  cathe- 
<lral,  manufactures  of  silk,  and  various  Qreok  and  Iloman 
antiquities.     It  is  an  archbishop's  see. 

Sormi'to,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  Fla.,  IS  miles 
W.  of  Sanfurd.     It  has  a  church. 

Sorrento,  Piano  di.    See  Piano  di  Sorrento. 

Sorrento,  Promontory  of,  between  the  Bays  of 
Naples  and  Salerno,  15  milea  in  length,  terminates  in  Cape 
Campanella,  opposite  Capri. 

Sorso,  sor'so,  a  town  of  Sardinia,  6  miles  N.  of  Sassari. 
Pop.  5533. 

Sortino,  son-tee'no,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  and  19 
miles  N.W.  of  Syracuse,  on  a  hill,  whence  the  view  is  very 
fine.     It  is  noted  for  its  gold- and  silver-works.     Pop.  8757. 

Sorvillan,  sou-vcel-y&n',  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Anda- 
lusia, about  40  miles  from  Granada.     Pop.  1367. 

Sos,  80S  (anc.  Sotia'tum  Op'pidum),  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  56  miles  N.N.W.  of  Saragossa.     Pop.  3742. 

Soscol,  California.     See  Suscol. 

Sosna  Bystraia,  sos'ni  bis-tri'i  (or  "the  rapid"),  a 
river  of  European  Russia,  aiSuent  of  the  Don,  government 
of  Orel,  after  an  E.  course  of  130  miles,  joins  the  Don  18 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Yelets. 

Sosna  Tikhaia,  sos'ni  te-Ki'&,  a  river  of  European 
Russia,  government  of  Voronezh,  after  an  E.  course  of  100 
miles,  joins  the  Don  16  miles  N.E.  of  Ostrogoisk. 

Sosnitsa,  sos-nit'si,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and 
64  miles  E.  of  Chernigov.     It  has  a  cathedral.     Pop.  5657. 

Sospel,  s6s-pfil'  (It.  Sospello,  sos-pfil'lo),  a  town  of 
France,  in  Alpes-Maritimes,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Nice.  It  has 
a  hospital  and  a  marble-quarry.     Pop.  3147. 

Sost,  a  town  of  Prussian  Westphalia.    See  Soest. 

Sostegno,  sos-tfin'yo,  a  village  of  Italy,  12  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Biella.     Pop.  1289. 

Sostomagus,  France.     See  Castelnaudauy. 

Sosva,  or  Soswa,  sos'vi,  a  river  of  Siberia,  govern- 
ment of  Perm,  rises  in  the  Ural  Mountains,  and,  after  a 
S.E.  course  of  170  miles,  joins  the  Lovda  to  form  the  Tavda. 

Sosva,  or  Soswa,  a  river  of  Siberia,  government  of 
Tobolsk,  joins  the  Obi  at  Berezov.     Length,  350  miles. 

So'ther,  a  hamlet  of  Nemaha  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Cen- 
tral Branch  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  47  miles  W.  of 
Atchison.     It  has  2  churches. 

Sotiatum  Oppiduin,  Spain.    See  Sos. 

Sotillo  de  la  Abrada,  so-toel'yo  di  ]L  H-Bri'ni,  a 
town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  S.  of  Avila.     Pop.  1473. 

Sotoanne,  so-to-4nn',  a  group  of  the  Carolines,  near 
lat.  5°  30'  N.,  Ion.  153°  30'  E.  It  consists  of  more  than 
60  islets. 

Soto  la  Marina,  so'to  li  mi-rce'ni,  a  village  of  Mex- 
ico, state  of  Tamaulipas,  on  the  river  Santander,  25  miles 
W.  of  its  mouth  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

Sotteghem,  or  Sottegem,  sot't^h-ohira*,  a  town  of 
Belgium,  East  Flanders,  13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ghent.  P.  2379. 

Sotteville-les-Rouen,  sott'veer-l4-roo-6N»',  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  in  Seine-Inferieure,  on  the  Paris  A  Havre 
Railway,  4  miles  S.  of  Rouen.     Pop.  11,278, 

Sotteville-sur-Mer,  sottVeel'-sliR-maiR,  a  village  of 
France,  in  Seine-Infdrieure,  near  the  English  Channel, 
arrondissement  of  Yvetot.     Pop.  1456. 

Sotto  Marina,  sot' to  m4-ree'n4,  the  southernmost  of 
the  islands  in  the  Venetian  Lagoon,  in  Italy,  15  miles  S. 
of  Venice.     The  town  of  Chioggia  is  at  its  N.  extremity. 

Sotuta,  so-too'tl,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Yucatan, 
60  miles  S.E.  of  Merida. 

Souabe,  the  French  name  of  Swabia. 

Soubachi,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Soobashi. 

Soubtsov,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Soobtsov. 

Sou'cook  River,  rises  in  Belknap  co.,  N.U.,  and  falls 
into  the  Merrimac  River  in  Merrimack  co.,  about  3  miles 
S.E.  of  Concord. 


Soudak,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Soodak. 

Soudan,  a  region  of  Africa.    See  Sookak. 

Soudan,  8oo'd&N<>',  a  village  of  France,  in  Loir«>Inf(. 
rieure,  3  miles  E.N.E.  of  Chfttcaubriant. 

Sonde,  sood,  a  post-oflico  of  Brown  co.,  Minn. 

Soudersburg,  sSw'dvri-bQrg,  a  post-liiimiet  of  l^n. 
caster  oo.,  Pa.,  14  miles  from  Uordonville  Station,  and  9 
miles  E.  of  Lancaster.  It  has  2  churches,  a  wagon-shop 
and  a  cigar-factory. 

Souderton,s5w'dfr-t9n,a  post-village  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Franconia  township,  on  the  North  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  28  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It  bos  a  bank  aud 
2  pinning-mills. 

Soudja,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Sooja. 

Soudugda,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Soodooda. 

Soudost,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Soodost. 

Soucrek,  a  town  of  Turki.sh  Armenia.    See  Sitkrek. 

Souez,  or  Soueys.    See  Suez. 

Souttlcnheini,  Alsace.    See  SuFPt.ENnp.iM. 

Soutf'ri^re,  La,  \i,  soo'fre-aiR',  two  volcanoes,  ont  oa 
the  island  of  Guadeloupe,  the  other  on  St.  Vincent. 

Soufri^rc,  soo*fre-aiu',  a  seaport  near  the  S.W.  ex- 
tremity of  the  island  of  St.  Lucia. 

Soug6,  soo'zhi',  a  village  of  France,  in  Loir-et-Chsr, 
15  miles  W.  of  Vendflmo.     Pop.  1275. 

Soug6,  a  village  of  France,  in  Sarthe.  It  has  a  foundry. 
Pop.  of  commune,  1491. 

Souhe'gan  River,  New  Hampshire,  drains  the  S. 
part  of  Hillsborough  co.,  and  enters  the  Mcrriniao  River 
from  the  W.,  about  7  miles  above  Nashua. 

Souillac,  soo'yAk'  or  sooi'yik',  a  town  of  France,  lo 
Lot,  on  the  right  bunk  of  the  Dordognc,  at  the  head  of  its 
navigation  by  heavy  barges,  30  miles  N.  of  Caliors.  Pop. 
2362.  It  has  a  chamber  of  commerce,  and  trade  in  cattle, 
leather,  wine,  salt,  and  timber. 

So-Uj-Uolak.     See  So-Ooj-BoLAK. 

Souk-el-Sliou-Youkh.    See  Sook-el-Shoovookii. 

Soukgouin-Kal6,  Russia.     Sec  SooKiioou-KALi. 

Soukhona,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Sookiiona. 

Soula,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Soola. 

Soulangcs,  soo^l&Nzh',  a  county  at  the  W.  extremity 
of  Quebec,  bordering  on  the  St.  Lawrence,  and  traversed 
by  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway.  Area,  138  square  mile* 
Capital,  Coteau  Landing.     Pop.  10,808. 

Souleimanich,  Koordistan.    See  Suleimameeyah. 

Souli,  a  fortress  of  Turkey.     See  SuLi. 

Soulimana,  a  state  of  Africa.    See  Sooumana. 

Soulina,  a  branch  of  the  Danube.    See  Soolina. 

Soulsbyvilie,  sOlz'bc-vil,  a  post-village  of  Tuolumni 
CO.,  Cal.,  10  miles  E.  of  Sonora.     It  has  gold  quartz-minei. 

Soultz,  or  Soult'/-la-Ville.     See  Sui.z. 

Soultzmatt,  a  town  of  Alsace.    See  Sui.zmatt. 

Soumagne,  soo^min',  a  town  of  Belgium,  provine* 
and  7  miles  E.  of  Liege.     Pop.  2285. 

Soumcanee,  Beloochistan.    See  Sonmea.vee. 

Soumshoo,  one  of  the  Koorils.    See  Soomshoo. 

Soumy,  Russia.     See  Soomy. 

Sound,  The,  or  Oeresund,  o'ri-soond',  a  narrow 
strait  between  Denmark  (island  of  Sceland)  and  Sweden, 
which  connects  the  Baltic  with  the  Cattegat  and  North  Sea, 
Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  30  miles;  breadth  at  its  narrowest 
point,  between  Elsinore  (Helsingiir)  and  Ilelsingborg,  3 
miles ;  depth,  from  4  to  20  fathoms. 

Sound  Neck,  a  hamlet  of  Pasquotank  co.,  N.C.,  60 
miles  from  Norfolk,  Va. 

Soung,  a  town  of  Sooloo.     See  Sooloo. 

Soungari,  a  river  of  East  Asia.    See  Sooxgarek 

Soupoi,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Soopoi. 

Sour,  a  town  of  Syria.     See  Soor. 

Soura,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  SooRA. 

Sourabaya.    See  Soerabaya. 

Sourfvj,  two  towns  of  Russia.     See  Soorazh. 

Sourakarta,  or  Sourakerta.    See  Sokrakarta. 

Sourdeval,  or  Sourdeval-la-Barre,  sooa'dfh- 
vil'-li-baR,  a  town  of  France,  in  Manche,  5  miles  N.E.  of 
Mortain.     Pop.  2468. 

Soure,  sfi'ri,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Estremadura,  13 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Pombal.     Pop.  5831. 

Soure,  sa'ri,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  of  Bahia,  40 
miles  W.  of  Itapicuru  de  Cima. 

Soure,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  and  16  miles  from 
Cear5,  on  the  Ceari. 

Sourgout,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  SooncooT. 

Souris,  soo'ris,  or  Col'ville  Bay,  a  seaport  town  of 
Prince  Edward  Island,  co.  of  Kings,  on  the  river  Souris, 
near  its  entrance  into  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  and  at  the 
N.  terminus  of  a  branch  railway,  52  miles  from  Charlotte- 


sou 


2497 


SOU 


jtown.  Ship-building  and  fishing  are  the  chief  occupations. 
iPop.  500.  The  name  Souris  is  also  sometimes  given  to  the 
i  Mouse  Riveii  in  the  North- West  Territories. 
j  Sour  Lake,  a  small  lake  in  Hardin  co.,  Tex.,  near  the 
Jefferson  CO.  line,  45  miles  E.  of  Houston.  Its  waters  are 
ilargely  shipped  for  medicinal  use,  and  in  the  vicinity  are 
(petroleum  springs  and  a  deposit  of  bitumen. 

1  Sour  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
jTcxas  <fc  New  Orleans  Railroad,  16  miles  W.  of  Beaumont, 
(near  the  above  lake.     Here  is  a  hotel. 

Sour  Lake  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  and  watering-place 
pf  Hardin  co.,  Tex.,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Sour  Lake  Station. 
Lit  has  a  church. 
j     Sourouga,  a  town  of  Japan.    See  Soorooga. 

Sour  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Caldwell  co.,  Tex.,  6i 
miles  N.  of  Luling  Station.  Here  is  a  health-resort  called 
Texas  Sour  Springs,  with  a  large  hotel. 

Sour  Springs,  a  summer  resort  in  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Grand  Island,  2  miles  from  Tonawanda.  Here  are  several 
intensely  acid  mineral  springs. 

Sour  Wood,  a  post-office  of  Yadkin  co.,  N.C. 

Sous,  Morocco  and  Persia.     See  Soos. 

Sousa,  a  town  of  Tunis.     See  Soosa. 

Sousain-Adassi,or  Soosam-Adassi.  SccSamos. 

Soustous,  soosH6n>»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Laudos,  14 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Dax.     Pop.  1287. 

Sou-Tcheou-Fou.    See  Soo-Chow-Foo. 

Soutchou,  or  Soutcheou.     See  Soo-Cuow-Foo. 

Souterraine,  La,  li  soo'tSu'Rain',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Creuse,  19  miles  W.N.W.  of  Gueret.  Pop.  2S59.  It  has 
manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  beer,  &o, 

Soutli,  a  township  of  Siskiyou  co.,  Gal.     Pop.  1374. 

South,  a  township  of  Aladison  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1081. 

Soutli,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grayson  co.,  Ky.,  11  miles 
(direct)  S.  by  W.  of  Leitchfield.     It  has  a  general  store. 

South,  a  township  of  Dade  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  931. 

South  Abington,  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.     See  Whit- 

HAN. 

South  Ab'ington  Station,  a  post-office  of  Plymouth 
CO.,  Mass.,  in  Whitman  township. 

South  Ac'ton,  a  post- village  in  Acton  township,  Mid- 
dlesex CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Marlborough  Branch,  5  miles  W.  of  Concord. 
It  has  2  grist-mills,  a  saw-mill,  and  manufactures  of  cider, 
vinegar,  shoddy,  and  piano-stools.  The  township  also  con- 
tains the  villages  of  North,  East,  and  West  Acton.  Pop.  of 
the  township  in  1890,  1897. 

South  Acton,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  York  co.,  Me., 
m  Acton  township,  about  40  miles  W.S.W.  of  Portland.  It 
Das  a  church. 

South  Ac'worth,  a  post-village  in  Acworth  township, 
Sullivan  co.,  N.H.,  about  45  miles  W.  of  Concord.     It  has 

2  churches,  a  woollen-mill,  Ac. 

South  Adams,  Massachusetts.    See  Adams. 

South  Ad'dison,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co., 
Me.,  about  25  miles  S.W.  of  Machias. 

South  Addison,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y., 
4  miles  S.  of  Addison,  and  about  25  miles  W.  of  Elmira. 

South  Alabam'a,  or  Smith'ville,  a  post-hamlet  in 
Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  about  32  miles  E.N.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has 
a  church,  and  manufactures  of  barley-forks  and  carriages. 

South  Albany,  awl'ba-ne,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orleans  co., 
Vt.,  in  Albany  township,  about  36  miles  N.N.E.  of  Mont- 
pelier.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

South  Albion,  S,l'be-9n,  a  post-hamlet  in  Albion 
township,  Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  about  24  miles  E.N.E.  of  Au- 
gusta.    It  has  a  grist-mill  and  about  10  dwellings. 

South  Albion,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Albion  township,  about  27  miles  E.  of  Oswego. 

South'all,  a  vill.ige  of  England,  co.  of  Middlesex,  on 
the  Great  Western  Railway,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  London. 

South'am,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  9  miles  E.  of 
Warwick.  Pop.  of  parish,  1785.  It  has  a  fine  Gothic 
church,  and  is  the  head  of  a  poor-law  union. 

South  Am'ana,  a  post-hamlet  of  Iowa  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Amana  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific 
Railroad,  and  on  the  Iowa  River,  5  miles  E.  of  Marengo. 
It  has  a  church,  and  is  one  of  the  villages  of  the  Amana 
communists. 

South  Amboy,  a  post-village  in  South  Amboy  town- 
ship, Middlesex  co.,  N.J.,  on  Raritan  Bay,  at  the  mouth  of 
Raritan  River,  27  miles  S.AV.  of  New  York,  61  miles  N.E. 
of  Camden,  and  about  10  miles  E,  of  New  Brunswick.  It 
is  a  terminus  of  the  Camden  &  Amboy  Railroad,  in  connec- 
tion with  which  steamboats  ply  between  this  place  and  New 
York.  It  contains  the  Stevensdale  Institute,  6  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  machine-shop,  and  a  pottery. 


South  Amc'nia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Amonia  township,  2  miles  from  Wassaic  Station,  and 
about  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Poughkeepsie.     It  has  a  church. 

South  America.     See  America,  page  70. 

South  Amer'ica,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saline  co.,  III.,  9 
miles  W.  of  Harrisburg.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Amesbury,  Mass.     See  Merrimacport. 

South  Amherst,  am'§rst,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hampshire 
CO.,  Mass.,  in  Amherst  township,  about  18  miles  N.  by  B. 
of  Springfield,  and  2  miles  from  Amherst  Station.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  children's  carriages. 

Southampton,  surn-hamp'tgn,  a  seaport  town  of 
England,  co.  of  Hants,  on  a  peninsula  at  the  mouth  of  th» 
Itchen,  near  the  head  of  Southampton  AVater,  and  on  the 
Southwestern  Railway,  71  miles  S.W.  of  London.  Lat.  50° 
44'  N. ;  Ion.  1°  i,'  2"  W.  It  consists  of  an  old  and  a  new 
town,  the  former  at  an  early  period  surrounded  by  walls 
flanked  with  round  towers  and  entered  by  several  gates,  of 
which  three  are  still  standing  and  bear  the  names  of  West- 
gate,  South-gate,  and  Bar-gate.  The  principal  street  is 
crossed  at  right  angles  by  several  others,  which  in  the  older 
quarters  are  very  irregular,  while  those  in  the  more  modern 
portion  present  many  fine  ranges  of  buildings.  The  en 
virons  are  studded  with  handsome  villas. 

The  ecclesiastical  edifices  include  5  parish  churches,  3 
chapels  of  ease,  and  various  other  chapels  and  places  of  wor- 
ship. The  chief  educational  establishments  are  the  free 
grammar-school,  founded  by  Edward  VI.,  the  Southampton 
College,  the  mechanics'  literary  and  polytechnic  institu- 
tions, and  the  botanic  garden.  The  charitable  endowments 
include  an  infirmary,  a  dispensary,  a  female  penitentiary, 
almshouses,  a  hospital  (occupying  an  antique  range  of 
buildings),  and  a  royal  humane  society.  Other  buildings 
and  objects  deserving  of  notice  are  the  guild  hall,  custom- 
house, audit-house,  jail,  theatre,  assembly-rooms,  ordnance 
map  office,  royal  yacht  club-house,  baths,  and  public  parks. 
The  manufactures,  except  ship-building,  which  is  carried 
on  to  a  large  extent,  are  chiefly  confined  to  brewing,  coaches, 
castings,  silk  goods,  carpets,  and  the  refining  of  sugar. 
The  town  is  a  very  important  steam-packet  station,  and 
is  much  visited  by  ocean  steamers.  It  has  very  fine  docks, 
and  is  an  emigrant  station.  Chief  imports,  coal,  stone, 
wines,  brandies,  provisions,  and  timber.  One  of  its  greatest 
attractions  is  the  Southampton  Common,  a  beautiful  tract 
of  land,  richly  wooded,  365  acres  in  extent,  left  to  the  town 
for  public  purposes  many  centuries  ago.  On  it  is  situated 
the  town  cemetery. 

Southampton  stands  about  1  mile  S.W.  of  the  Roman 
Clauseutum,  the  site  of  which  is  still  indicated  by  a  fosse 
and  vallum.  The  modern  town  is  attributed  to  the  Anglo- 
Saxons,  and  was  first  called  Hantsone,  from  which  the  pres- 
ent name  is  obviously  derived.  In  the  tenth  century  it 
was  repeatedly  pillaged  by  the  Danes,  and  afterwards,  when 
their  sovereign  had  gained  the  throne,  became  the  occa- 
sional residence  of  Canute.  In  1339,  during  the  reign  of 
Edward  III.,  it  was  sacked  by  a  French,  Spanish,  and  Gen- 
oese fleet,  but  soon  recovered  and  acquired  new  importance. 
Since  the  time  of  Edward  I.  it  has  returned  two  members 
to  Parliament.     Pop.  (1881)  60,051.    See  also  Hants. 

Southampton,  stiTH-hamp'tpn,  a  county  in  the  S.E. 
part  of  Virginia,  bordering  on  North  Carolina,  has  an  area 
of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Blackwater  River,  on  the  S.AV.  by  the  Meherrin,  and  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Nottoway  River.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level,  and  almost  half  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  pine, 
cypress,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  sandy  and  not  very 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  lumber,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Seaboard  &  Roa- 
noke Railroad  and  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Jerusalem.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal 
estate,  $2,117,670.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,285,  of  whom  12,268 
were  Americans ;  in  1880,  18,012. 

Southampton,  a  post-office  of  Peoria  co.,  HI.,  about 
14  miles  N.  of  Peoria. 

Southampton,  a  post-village  in  Southampton  town 
ship,  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  New  Haven  &  North- 
ampton Railroad,  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Northampton,  and 
about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
high  school,  and  a  manufactory  of  whips.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1050. 

Southampton,  a  township  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J. 
Pop.  2374. 

Southampton,  a  post-vill.ago  in  Southampton  town- 
ship, Suffolk  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  near  the  Long 
Island  Railroad,  90  miles  E.  of  Brooklyn,  and  10  miles 
S.W.  of  Sag  Harbor.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  a 
windmill,  and  6  stores.     Pop.  943.    The  township,  which 


iM)fr 


Sin 


sou 


Is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Peconio  Buy,  oontnina  other  vil- 
Iftges,  nninoly,  Dridgehainpton,  Sag  Harbor,  West  Hampton, 
Goo<l  (Ground,  Speonk,  nnd  Quogue.     I'op.  CHS. 

Soiithnmpton,  township,  UeUford  oo.,  Pa.    P«p.  Ifi47. 

Soiithiimpton,  township,  Bucks  oo.,  Pa.      Pop.  1.393. 

Soiitliaiiipton,  a  station  of  tho  Phihvdelphia  A  New- 
town Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of  NoWtown,  Pa. 

Southampton,  a  township  of  Cumberland  oo.,  Pa. 
Pop.  L'diO. 

8oiitiiniiipton,  township,  Franklin  co..  Pa.    P.  1963. 

Suiithntiiptoii,  township,  Somerset  co..  Pa.    Pop.  673. 

Southnmpton,  a  post-village  in  Cumberland  co., 
Nova  Scotia,  on  tho  Maccan  River,  6  miles  from  Athol.  It 
contains  2  churches,  2  stores,  3  hotels,  2  saw-mills,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  woollen-mill.     Pop.  225.    See  also  Sauoekx. 

Southnmp'ton  Island,  British  North  America,  on 
the  N.  side  of  Hudson  Bay,  is  between  hit.  62°  nnd  66°  N., 
Ion.  80°  and  87°  W.  The  coasts  are  rugged  and  mountain- 
ous. Cape  Southampton  forms  its  S.  extremity.  It  is  con- 
jeetured  to  be  a  ooUeotion  of  islands,  but  its  interior  ii  un- 
explored. 

Sonthampton  IVills,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  oo.. 
Pa.,  22  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Cumberland,  MJ.  It  is  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Connellsville  &  Baltimore  Railroad,  at  South- 
ampton Station.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  stone- 
quarry. 

Southamptonshire,  England.    See  Hants. 

Soiitliainptonville,  apost-hnmlet  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  in 
South:iin[)ton  township,  on  tho  Philadelphia  &  Newtown 
Railroad,  19  miles  N.N.E.  of  Philadelphia. 

Soutliampton  Water,  a  fine  inlet  of  England, 
stretching  from  the  Solent  and  Spithead  N.W.  into  the  in- 
terior of  Hampshire  for  about  11  miles.  Greatest  breadth, 
about  2  miles.  It  bounds  the  New  Forest  hundreds  on  the 
E.,  nnd  receives  the  Anton,  Itchen,  and  Ilamblo  Rivers. 
Its  shores  are  picturesque,  and  it  is  usually  covered  with 
shipping.  Calshot  Castle  is  on  tho  W.  side  of  its  entrance, 
and  the  ruined  Netley  Abbey  on  its  E.  shore. 

South  An'dovcr,  a  post-hamlet  in  Andover  township, 
Oxford  CO.,  Me.,  about  45  miles  N.W.  of  Lewiston.  It  has 
3  churches. 

South  Ann,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Charlevoix 
CO.,  Mich.     Pop.  400. 

South  An'na,  a  station  of  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  22*  miles  N.  of  Richmond,  Va. 

South  Anna  River,  Virginia,  rises  near  the  E.  bor- 
der of  Albemarle  oo.,  runs  southeastward  through  Louisa 
CO.,  and  unites  with  the  North  Anna  about  5  miles  N.W.  of 
Hanover  Court- House  to  form  the  Pamunkey  River.  It  is 
nearly  75  miles  long. 

South  Ann'vllle,  a  township  of  Lebanon  co..  Pa. 
Pop.  1856. 

South  Apalach'in,  a  post-office  of  Tioga  co.,  N.Y. 

South  Ar'cot,  a  district  of  India,  Madras  presidency. 
Area,  4873  square  miles.  Pop.  1,973,731.  Capital,  Cud- 
dalore.     See  Akcot. 

South  Argyle,  ar-ghile',  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Argyle  township,  about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Sara- 
toga Springs.     It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory. 

South  Ar'lington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co., 
0.,  in  Clay  township,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Dayton.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  124. 

South  Arm,  a  post-township  of  Charlevoix  co.,  Mich., 
on  an  inlet  of  Lake  Michigan.     Pop.  737. 

South  Asbury,  az'b?r-e,  a  hamlet  of  Hunterdon  co., 
N.J.,  at  Asbury  Station,  1  mile  from  Asbury  village. 

South  Ashburnham,  Mass.  See  AsHBrnnnAM  Depot. 

South  Ash'tield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Mass., 
about  32  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a  church, 
a  grist-mill,  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  wagons. 

South  Ath'ol,  a  post-hamlet  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 
in  Athol  township,  on  the  Springfield,  Athol  &  Northeastern 
Railroad,  43  miles  N.N.E.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a  church 
and  manufactories  of  furniture  and  of  boxes  for  boots. 

South  At'kinson,  a  post-office  of  Piscataquis  co..  Mo., 
about  32  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bangor. 

South  Attleborough,  at't?l-biir-ruh,  a  post-village 
of  Bristol  CO.,  Mass.,  in  Attleborough  township,  about  36 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  church,  a  dye-house, 
i.nd  a  manufactory  of  jewelry. 

South  Auburn,  aw'biim,  a  post-village  of  Androscog- 
gin CO.,  Me.,  within  the  city  limits  of  Auburn,  on  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railway,  28  miles  N.  of  Portland. 

South  Anburn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Susquehanna  co.. 
Pa.,  in  Auburn  township,  3J  miles  from  Skinner's  Eddy 
Station,  and  about  33  miles  N.W.  of  Scranton.  In  the 
vicinity  are  2  churches. 


Sonth  Australia,  a  British  colony  between  Int.  12V* 
nnd  141°  E.,  with  the  Southern  Ocean  on  the  S.  Includinjt 
North  Australia,  which  is  attached  to  this  colony  forgo* 
ernnient  purposes,  it  extcndu  from  N.  to  8.  the  wnul« 
breadth  of  tho  continent,  and  lias  an  area  of  914,730squRr« 
miles,  with  a  length  of  2000  and  a  breadth  of  700  mile*. 
The  S.  coast-line  extends  about  1500  miles  from  N.W.  to 
S.E.,  embracing  Spencer  and  St.  Vincent  Gulfs,  with  Yorke 
Peninsula  and  Kangaroo  Island.  The  5urraeo  of  the  colony 
is  mostly  undulating  or  level.  The  chief  niountnin-rangci 
are  the  Gawler  Range,  extending  from  Streaky  IJay  to  tlie 
head  of  Snencer  Gulf,  with  a  maximum  elevnticm  of  2000 
feet,  and  Flinders'  Range,  running  in  a  northerly  dirootioD 
from  the  head  of  Spencer  Gulf,  attaining  an  elevntion  in 
some  parts  of  more  than  3000  feet.  Mount  Bryant,  the 
most  elevated  summit  E.  of  St.  Vincent  Gulf,  rises  to  the 
height  of  3012  feet.  Tho  table-land  in  Eyre  Peninsula,  AV. 
of  Spencer  Gulf,  averages  1300  feet  in  elevation.  The 
Murray,  which  has  its  rise  in  the  Australian  Alps,  pursuM 
the  lower  part  of  its  course  in  this  colony,  and  is  the  onlr 
navigable  river.  Small  streams  are,  however,  numerous, 
and  the  country  is,  on  the  whole,  well  watered.  Principal 
lakes  (in  many  cases  salt),  Torrens,  Alexandrina,  Oairdncr 
Gregory,  Eyre,  and  Frome.  Ponds  and  creeks  are  numer- 
ous, and  a  series  of  lagoons  border  the  coast  along  Encounter 
Bay  in  the  S.E.  The  settled  portions  of  tlie  colony  are 
for  the  most  part  situated  on  the  E.  side  of  St.  Vincent 
Gulf,  between  that  inlet  and  the  Murray,  ami  in  the  S.K. 
between  Laccpcde  Bay,  eastward,  and  the  frontiers  of  Vic- 
toria, though  land  is  leased  as  far  as  Lake  Eyre.  Climate 
healthy,  and  similar  to  that  of  Victoria,  though  in  general 
much  warmer ;  on  tho  Adelaide  plains  farmers  occiisionall/ 
suffer  from  hot  winds  nnd  drought;  but  it  is,  on  the  whole, 
admirably  adapted  for  the  growth  of  cereals  and  all  kindt 
of  fruit.  In  the  interior  arc  large  desert  tracts.  The  col- 
ony was  established  in  1836,  and  its  progress  hag  been 
remarkable.  The  population  in  1847  was  31,153;  in  1857, 
109,917;  in  1860,  126,830;  in  1871,  185,626;  in  1881, 
279,865.  The  staple  products  of  the  colony  are  cereals, 
minerals,  and  wool.  It  is  rich  in  mineral  resources,  chiefly 
copper  and  lead,  gold  not  having  been  discovered  largely. 
During  the  ten  years  1859-69  the  mineral  produce  ex- 
ported amounted  to  over  £6,000,000,  and  in  18^6  tho  value 
of  all  minerals  produced  was  £275,280.  Coal  is  scarce.  The 
colony  in  1886  had  1381  miles  of  railway  and  5459  miles  of 
telegraph  lines,  connecting  Adelaide,  Port  Adelaide,  Goolwa, 
Gawler,  Ac.  The  great  overland  line,  2100  miles  long,  con- 
structed in  1871-72,  at  the  expense  of  the  colony,  passci 
through  South  Australia  from  N.  to  S.  An  important 
trade  has  sprung  up  on  the  river  Murray.  The  climate  and 
soil  of  South  Australia  are  admirably  suited  for  the  culti- 
vation of  the  vine,  and  wine  is  largely  exported.  Many 
fine  fruits  come  to  perfection,  as  also  tobacco,  hops,  and  in- 
digo. None  of  the  religious  denominations  are  paid  by  the 
government.  The  colony,  while  increasing  in  population, 
wealth,  and  intelligence,  is  decreasing  in  crime.  The  gov- 
ernment is  vested  in  a  governor,  an  executive  council  of  the 
heads  of  departments,  having  ministerial  responsibility,  a 
legislative  council  consisting  of  24  members,  and  a  house 
of  assembly  of  52  members.  Both  chambers  are  elective, 
but  by  difiFerent  constituencies  and  with  different  tenures. 
The  constitution  embraces  triennial  parliaments  and  uni- 
versal suffrage.  The  chief  towns  of  the  colony  are  Adelaide 
(the  capital),  Port  Adelaide,  Gawler-town,  Port  Wakefield, 
Port  Angus,  Goolwa,  Port  Elliot,  Port  Lincoln,  Palmerston, 
Wallaroo,  Macclesfield,  Kapunda,  and  Kooringa. 

South  Av'enne,  a  post-office  of  Delaware  co..  Pa.,  H 
Spring  Hill  Station. 

South  A'von,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Avon  township,  on  the  Dansville  &  Mount  Morris  Rail- 
road, 6  miles  N.  of  Gcneseo,  nnd  3  miles  S.  of  Avon. 

South  Balls'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y., 
at  Branch  Station  on  the  Delaware  &  Hudson  Railroad,  7 
miles  S.  of  Ballston,  and  about  24  miles  N.N.W.  of  Albany. 

South  Ban'croft,  a  post-hamlet  in  Bancroft  town- 
ship, Aroostook  co.,  Me.,  35  miles  S.  of  lloulton.  It  has  a 
church. 

South  Barn'stead,  a  post-hamlet  of  Belknap  co., 
N.H.,  27  miles  E.N.E.  of  Concord. 

South  Barns'ton,  a  post-village  in  Stanstead  co., 
Quebec,  11  miles  S.AV.  of  Coaticook.     Pop.  140. 

South  Bar  of  Sydney  River,  a  seaport  town  of 
Cape  Breton  co..  Nova  Scotia,  6  miles  from  Sydney.  It 
contains  an  iron-foundry,  a  shoe-factory,  a  marine  slip,  and 
several  stores  and  hotels.  Here  the  coals  from  the  Sydney 
mines  are  shipped.  Ship-building  and  a  considerable  busi- 
ness are  carried  on.     Pop.  300. 


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South  Bar're,  a  post-office  of  Orleans  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
80  miles  W.  of  llochester. 

South  Barre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Barre  township,  Wash- 
in"-ton  CO.,  Vt.,  7  or  8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  a 
manufactory  of  sash  ami  blinds. 

South  Bar'ton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Barton  township, 
Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Passumpsio  Railroad,  25  miles  N. 
of  St.  Johnsbury. 

South  Bay,  a  hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  S. 
eido  of  Oneida  Lake,  6  miles  N.  of  Canastota,  It  has  a 
church  and  2  hotels. 

South  Bay,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Lake  Champlain,  8  miles  N.  of  Fort  Ann.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Bay,  New  Brunswick.    See  Lancaster. 

South  Bay,  a  post-office  in  Prince  Edward  co.,  Ontario, 

15  miles  from  Pictou. 

South  Bay,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
48  miles  from  Baddeck.     Pop.  100. 

South  Bay,  Labrador.    See  Ungaya. 

South  Beach,  a  station  of  the  Martha's  Vineyard 
Railroad,  on  the  Atlantic,  3i  miles  S.  of  Edgartown,  Mass. 

South  Beav'er,  a  township  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.  P.  1206. 

South  Bed'dington,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co., 
Me.,  40  miles  E.  of  Bangor.     Hero  is  a  church. 

South  Bel'lingham,  a  village  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass., 
on  Peter's  River,  and  on  the  Milford  &  Woonsocket  Rail- 
road, 2  miles  N.E.  of  Woonsocket,  R.I.  It  has  manufactures 
of  boats,  farming-tools,  and  soap. 

South  Beud,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  Ark.,  on 
the  Arkansas  River,  about  75  miles  S.E.  of  Little  Rock. 

South  Bend,  a  cit)',  the  capital  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Ind., 
is  on  the  St.  Joseph  River,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore  <fe  Mich- 
igan Southern  Railroad  and  the  Chicago  &  Lake  Huron 
Railroad,  15  miles  W.  of  Elkhart,  86  miles  E.  by  S.  of 
Chicago,  10  miles  S.  of  Niles,  Mich.,  and  27  miles  E.  by  N. 
of  La  Porte.  A  branch  of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad 
connects  this  city  with  Niles.     It  contains  a  court-house, 

16  churches,  the  St.  Joseph  Academy,  2  or  3  national  banks, 

PI  savings-bank,  a  high  school,  and  printing-offices  whicii 
ssue  3  daily  and  4  weekly  newspapers.  It  has  extensive 
manufactures  of  carriages  or  wagons,  furniture,  farming- 
Implements,  sewing-machine-fixtures,  flour,  paper,  wool, 
bricks,  ploughs,  reapers,  and  chairs.  The  University  of 
Notre  Dame  (Catholic)  is  IJ  miles  from  this  city.  Small 
steamboats  can  ascend  the  river  to  this  place.  Pop.  in 
18C0,  3832;  in  1870,  7206;  in  1880,  13,280. 

South  Bend,  a  post-village  in  South  Bend  township, 
Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  Minnesota  River,  and  on  the 
St.  Paul  &  Sioux  City  Railroad,  at  the  mouth  of  Blue  Earth 
River,  3J  miles  AV.  of  Mankato,  and  90  miles  S.W.  of  St. 
Paul.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  301 ;  of  township,  504. 

South  Bend,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  Neb.,  on  the 
Platte  River,  and  on  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Rail- 
road, 32  miles  N.E.  of  Lincoln. 

South  Bend,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  O.,  on 
the  Ohio  River  and  the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  &  Lafay- 
Btte  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Cincinnati.  Hero  are  the 
irorks  of  the  Cincinnati  Fertilizer  Manufacturing  Company. 

South  Bend,  a  post-hamlet  of  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.,  in 
South  Bend  township,  on  Crooked  Creek,  12  miles  W.  of 
[ndiana,  and  about  35  miles  E.N.E.  of  Pittsburg.  The 
Wwnship  contains  3  churches,  and  a  pop.  of  1127. 

South  Bend,  a  post-office  of  Young  co.,  Tex. 

South  Bend,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pacific  co.,  Washington, 
Un  the  Willopa  River,  3  miles  from  Shoal  water  Bay,  and  18 
miles  from  the  ocean.  It  has  a  large  lumber-mill.  Large 
jea-going  vessels  can  ascend  to  this  place. 

South  Ber'lin,  a  post-village  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Berlin  township,  on  the  Little  Iloosic  River  and  the 
Harlem  Extension  Railroad,  4^  miles  S.  of  Berlin,  and 
22  miles  E.  of  Albany.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

South  Berlin,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Marshall 
50.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Duck  River  Valley  Railroad,  15  miles 
3,E.  of  Columbia. 

South  Berne,  b§rn,  a  post-hamlet  in  Berne  township, 
Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  about  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Albany.  It 
iias  2  churches,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  50. 
j  South  Ber'wick,  a  post-village  in  South  Berwick 
township,  York  co.,  Me.,  on  the  Salmon  Falls  River  and 
phe  Portland,  Saco  &  Portsmouth  Railroad,  45  miles  S.W. 
jf  Portland,  and  about  8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Dover,  N.H.  It 
iontains  6  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  cotton-factory,  a 
savings-bank,  an  academy,  a  woollen -factory,  a  newspaper 
>ffice,  and  a  large  manufactory  of  ladies'  shoes,  with  about 
100  operatives.  Pop.  in  1880,  1092.  The  township  is 
t>ounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Salmon  Falls  River,  and  inter- 
lected  by  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad.    Pop.  2677. 


South  Berwick  Junction,  a  post-office  and  station 
of  York  CO.,  Me.,  is  on  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad,  at  ita 
junction  with  the  Portland,  Saco  &  Portsmouth  Railroad, 
14  miles  N.  of  Portsmouth. 

South  Beth'any,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bartholomew  co., 
Ind.,  8  miles  W.  of  Columbus. 

South  Beth'el,  a  post-hamlet  in  Bethel  township, 
Oxford  CO.,  Me.,  1  mile  from  Locke's  Mills  Station.  It  has  a 
lumber-mill. 

South  Beth'lehem,  a  post-village  of  Albany  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Athens  &  Schenectady  Branch  Railroad.  It 
has  a  church,  a  mill,  and  a  tannery. 

South  Bethlehem,  a  post-borough  of  Northampton 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Lehigh  River,  opposite  Beth- 
lehem, and  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  «nd  North  Pennsylvania 
Railroads.  Here  is  the  Lehigh  University  (Episcopal), 
founded  by  Hon.  Asa  Packer,  comprising  a  handsome  stone 
edifice,  called  Packer  Hall,  a  magnificent  library  building 
containing  70,000  volumes,  a  gymnasium,  chemical  and 
physical  laboratories,  a  beautiful  chapel,  Ac.  The  borough 
is  the  seat  of  the  Bishopthorpe  School  for  young  ladies 
(Episcopal)  and  of  the  St.  Luke's  Hospital  (founded  and 
endowed  by  Mr.  Packer),  and  has  6  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  zinc-works,  steel-works,  and  manufactures  of  shovels, 
boilers,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  4925. 

South  Bill  erica,  bir?r-ik-a,  a  post-hamlet  in  Billcr- 
ica  township,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Billerica  &  Bed- 
ford Railroad.     It  has  a  machine-shop. 

South  Black  River.     See  Black  River. 

South  Blen'don,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich., 
20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Grand  Rapids.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

South  Bloom'licld,  a  township  of  Morrow  co.,  0. 
Pop.  1115. 

South  Bloomfield,  a  post- village  in  Harrison  town- 
ship, Pickaway  co.,  0.,  near  the  Ohio  Canal,  2  miles  from 
Ashville  Station,  about  1  mile  E.  of  the  Scioto  River,  and 
18  miles  S.  of  Columbus,     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  283. 

South  Blooniingville,  Hocking  co.,  0.    See  Bloom- 

IXGVILI.E. 

South  Board'man,  a  post-hamlet  in  Boardman  town- 
ship, Kalkaska  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana 
Railroad,  61  miles  N.  of  Reed  City.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Bol'ivar,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y., 
about  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Belmont. 

South  Bolton,  bol'tpn,  a  post-village  in  Brome  co., 
Quebec,  19i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Waterloo.     It  has  a  sa-v-mill. 

South  Bom^bay',  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  N.Y., 
12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Malone.     It  has  saw-  and  grist-mills. 

Southborough,  south'bur-ruh,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
of  Kent,  2  miles  S.  of  Tunbridgo  Wells.     Pop.  3-463. 

Southborough,  south'biir-riih,  a  post-village  in  South- 
borough  tovvnship,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston, 
Clinton  &  Fitchburg  Railroad,  29  miles  W.  of  Boston,  and 
16  miles  E.  of  Worcester.  It  contains  a  town  house.  3 
churches,  a  public  library,  a  graded  school,  and  manufac- 
tures of  woollen  goods  and  boots  and  shoes.  The  Boston 
&  Albany  Railroad  crosses  the  S.  part  of  the  township.  It 
contains  also  Cordaville  and  Fayville. .    Pop.  in  1880,  2142. 

South  Bosque,  bos'ki,  a  post-village  of  McLennan 
CO.,  Tex.,  on  South  Bosque  Creek,  12  miles  W.  of  Waco. 

South  Bos'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
Ind.,  in  Franklin  township,  6i  miles  E.S.E.  of  Salem.  It 
has  2  churches. 

South  Boston,  a  post-office  of  Suffijlk  co.,  Mass.,  is  a 
branch  of  the  Boston  post-office.  South  Boston  is  a  part 
of  the  city  of  Boston,  occupying  a  peninsula  in  the  harbor 
with  South  Bay  on  the  AV.  and  Dorchester  Bay  on  the  S.E. 

South  Boston,  a  post-village  of  Halifax  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Dan  River  and  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  at 
Boston  Station,  32  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Danville,  and  109 
miles  S.W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  about  10  general  stores. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  South  Boston  Depot. 

South  Brabant,  brd-bant',  a  province  of  Belgium, 
bounded  N.  by  Antwerp,  E.  by  Limbourg  and  Liege,  S.  by 
Naraur  and  Ilainaut,  and  W.  by  East  Flanders.  Area, 
1268  square  miles.     Capital,  Brussels.     Pop.  820,179. 

South  Brad'ford,  a  hamlet  in  Bradford  township, 
Merrimack  co.,  N.H.,  3  miles  S.  of  Bradford  Station.  It 
has  a  church. 

South  Bradford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  oo.,  N.Y., 
about  22  miles  N.W.  of  Elmira.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Brain'tree,  a  post-village  in  Braintree  town- 
ship, Norfolk  CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  at  its 
junction  with  the  Plymouth  Branch  of  that  road,  11  miles 
S.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  savings-bank  and  2  churches. 
Here  is  the  Thayer  School,  founded  by  Sylvanus  Thayer, 
who  gave  $250,000  to  build  and  endow  it. 


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South  Branchy  a  post-tonnsliip  of  Watonwaa  oo., 
Minn.     Pop.  208. 

South  Branch,  a  poat-hamlet  of  Somerset  oo.,  N.J., 
on  the  South  llninoh  of  the  RiiriUm  River,  about  24  milen 
N.  of  Trenton.     It  lion  a  ohurcit  iinJ  a  lluur-iiiill. 

South  Branch,  n  post-office  of  Bradford  oo..  Pa.,  on 
the  Sullivan  A  Erie  Railroad,  at  Wilcox's  Station,  12  milos 
S.  of  Tonranda. 

South  Branch,  a  station  of  the  Bachman  Valley  Rail- 
road, U  luiles  E.  of  llanovcr.  Pa. 

South  Brunch,  a  post-settlement  in  Kings  co..  Now 
Brunswick,  on  the  South  Branch  of  the  rivor  Kennebac- 
easis,  A  miles  from  Penobsquis.     Pop.  2U0. 

South  Branch,  a  post-village  in  Colchester  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  South  Branch  of  the  river  Stowiacke,  6i 
miles  from  Upper  Stewlacko.     Pop.  250. 

South  Branch  Depot,  a  post-oflico  of  Hampshire 
CO.,  W.  Va.,  at  French's,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad, 
17  miles  S.E.  of  Cumberland. 

South  Branch  Oromocto.    See  Blisstille. 

South  Brcws'tcr,  a  post-hamlet  in  Brewster  town- 
■bip,  Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  about  86  miles  S.E.  of  Boston. 

South'briilj;6,  a  post- village  in  Southbridge  township, 
Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Quinebaug  Rivor,  iibout  32 
miles  E.  of  Springfield.  It  is. on  a  branch  of  the  New  York 
<k  New  England  Railroad,  70  miles  W.S.W.  of  Boston.  It 
contains  about  6  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank, 
a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  cot- 
ton prints,  delaines,  calicoes,  carriages,  shoe-knives,  boots, 
&o.    The  township  contains  Globe  Village.    Total  pop.  6464. 

South  Bridgeton,  brij'tQn,  a  po!<t-villagc  in  Bridge- 
ton  township,  Cumberland  co..  Me.,  about  36  miles  N.W. 
of  Portlund.  It  has  a  church,  1  or  2  saw-mills,  and  a  sash- 
and  door-factory. 

South  Bri.s'tol,  a  post-hamlet  in  Bristol  township, 
Lincoln  co..  Me.,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  on  a  small 
islet,  about  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bath.  The  islet  is  connected 
with  the  mainland  by  a  bridge.  It  has  a  ohuroh,  and 
manufactures  of  menhaden  oil. 

South  Bristol,  a  post-township  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y., 
is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  CananJaigua  Lake.  Its  surface 
is  diversified  by  high  and  steep  hills.  South  Bristol  Post- 
Office  is  at  a  hamlet  called  Cold  Spring,  or  Bristol  Springs, 
14  miles  from  Canandaigua.  It  has  a  town  house  and  2 
saw-mills.     Pop.  1251. 

South  Britain,  a  term  sometimes  applied  to  England 
and  Wales,  as  distinguished  from  Scotland,  or  North  Britain. 

South  Britain,  brit't'n,  a  post-village  in  Southbury 
township.  New  Haven  co..  Conn.,  on  the  Pomeraug  River, 
about  22  miles  N.W.  of  New  Haven.  It  has  2  churches 
and  several  factories  and  mills. 

South'brook,  a  township  of  Cottonwood  co.,  Minn. 
Pop.  139. 

South  Brook'iield,  a  post-hamlet  in  Brookfield  town- 
ship,  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Beaver  Creek,  about  24  miles 
S.  of  Utica.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Brooks,  a  post-office  of  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  8  or  9 
miles  N.W.  of  Belfast. 

South  Brooks'ville,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co.. 
Me.,  on  Penobscot  Bay,  about  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Belfast. 

South  Bruns'wick,  a  township  of  Middlesex  co., 
N.J.     Pop.  3779. 

South  Buffalo,  a  post-office  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  in  the 
S.  part  of  the  city  of  Buffalo. 

South  Buffalo,  a  township  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa. 
Pop.  1633, 

South  Bur'lington,  a  township  of  Chittenden  co., 
Vt.     Pop.  791. 

Southbury,  sowtb'b?r-e,  a  post-village  in  Southbury 
township,  New  Haven  co..  Conn.,  on  the  Pomeraug  River, 
10  miles  S.W.  of  Waterbury,  and  22  miles  N.W.  of  New 
Haven.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  pnper, 
woollen  goods,  and  ploughs.  The  township  is  bounded  S.W. 
by  the  Housatonic  River.     Pop.  of  township  (1880),  1740. 

South  But'ier,  a  hamlet  of  Butler  co.,  Ala.,  5  miles 
E.  of  Georgiana  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a  lumber-mill,  a 
grist-mill,  and  a  store. 

South  Butler,  a  post-bamlet  of  Branch  co.,  Mich.,  6 
miles  N.  of  Quincy.     It  is  also  called  Whig  Corners. 

South  Butler,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  S.  border  of  Butler  township,  about  44  miles  E.  of 
Rochester.  It  has  3  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  a  grist-mill, 
a  saw-mill,  a  basket-factory,  <tc.     Pop.  about  350. 

South  Butte,  bute,  a  post-office  of  Sutter  co.,  Cal. 

South  By'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  Mass., 
about  30  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  church,  an 
academy,  a  cheese- factory,  and  a  flour-mill. 


South  By'ron,  a  post-village  in  Byron  townsbip, 
Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  on  thu  New  York  Central  Railroad,  U 
milos  N.E.  of  Batavia.  It  has  a  church  and  several  ttoret. 
Pop.  about  250. 

South  Cab'ot,  a  post-office  of  Washington  oo.  Vt. 
about  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Montpelier.  '       ' 

South  Cairo,  kU'ro,  a  post-hamlet  in  Cairo  township 
Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Catskill  Creek,  about  11  milos  W  b» 
N.  of  Hudson.  '   ' 

South  Calder,  kawl'd^r,  a  small  river  of  Scotland  ia 
Lanarkshire,  tributary  to  tho  Clyde.  ' 

^  South  CaPedo'nia,  a  station  in  Boone  oo.,  111.,  on  the 
Kenosha  division  of  the  Chicago  <t  Northwestern  Railroad 
13  milos  N.E.  of  Rockford. 

South  Cambridge,  kam'brlj,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wash- 
ington  CO.,  N.Y.,on  the  Greenwich  it  Johnsonville  Railroad 
about  28  miles  N.N.E.  of  Albany.     It  has  a  church.  ' 

South  Cam'dcn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hillsdale  co. 
Mich.,  47  miles  S.S.W.  of  Jackson.  It  bos  a  church  and  a 
foundry. 

South  Cam'cron,  a  post-office  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y 
about  34  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Elmira. 

South  Canaan,  ka'n^n,  a  post-office  of  Litchfield  oo. 
Conn.,  about  44  miles  W.N.W.  of  Hartford.  "' 

South  Canaan,  a  post-village  in  South  Cannan  town- 
ship, Wayne  co.,  Pa.,  about  12  miles  S.W.  of  llonesdale. 
The  township  is  intersected  by  the  Pennsylvania  Coal  Com- 
pany's Railroad,  and  has  3  churches,  also  manufactures  of 
leather  and  lumber.     Pop.  1308. 

South  Canadian,  ka-na'de-an,  a  post-office  of  Choc- 
taw Nation,  Indian  Territory,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  i 
Texas  Railroad,  107  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Vinita. 

South  Canura,  kin'4-ri,  a  district  of  India,  Madras 
presidency,  bounded  W.  by  the  sea  and  E.  by  Mysore  and 
Coorg.  Area,  3902  square  miles.  Capital,  Mangalore.  Pop. 
918,362.  '^ 

South  Candor,  Tioga  co.,  N.Y.    See  Catato.nk. 

South  Canistc'o,  a  post-office  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y. 

South  Canterbury,  kan't^r-b^r-e,  a  post-office  of 
Windham  co..  Conn.,  on  the  New  York  &  New  England 
Railroad,  and  on  the  Quinebaug  River,  12  miles  N.E.  of 
Norwich. 

South  Cape,  tho  southernmost  point  of  Tasmania,  in 
lat.  43°  40'  S. 

South  Carolina,  kir-o-ll'na,  one  of  the  Southern 
Atlantic  States,  and  one  of  the  original  thirteen  uicuibcrj 
of  the  American  Union,  bounded  N.  and  N.E.  by  North 
Carolina,  S.E.  by  the  Atlantic,  and  S.W.  by  Georgia,  lyinz 
between  lat.  32°  and  35°  10'  N.  and  Ion.  78°  26'  and  83* 
19'  W.  It  is  separated  from  Georgia  by  the  Savannah  and 
Chattooga  Rivers,  and  is  of  roughly  triangular  outline. 
Area,  30,570  square  miles. 

Face  of  the  Country. — Off  the  coast,  mainly  to  the  S.W. 
of  Charleston,  lie  the  flat  and  low  sea-islands,  separated 
from  the  mainland  and  from  one  another  by  a  scries  of  shal- 
low sounds  and  inlets.  For  about  100  miles  inland  from 
the  coast  the  country  is  level  and  sandy,  covered  mainly 
with  pine  forests,  with  occasional  rice-swamps.  Tho  next 
belt  is  the  sand-hill  country,  along  whoso  upper  border  runs 
"tho  ridge,"  above  which  the  country  is  beautifully  diver- 
sified, rising  gradually  to  the  Blue  Ridge  in  the  N.W.,  in 
which  range  is  Table  Mountain,  4000  feet  high,  the  highest 
point  in  the  state. 

Geology. — The  upper  part  of  South  Carolina  is  mainly 
eozoic,  but  along  the  S.E.  border  of  the  cozoio  or  hilly 
region  there  are  several  detached  areas  of  considerable  sixa 
which  are  referable  to  the  Silurian,  and  upon  the  Silurian, 
in  Chesterfield  co.,  rests  a  very  small  field  of  tho  triassic. 
The  level  pine  woods  and  coast-lands  are  tertiary  and 
quaternary,  with  occasional  exposures  of  the  cretaceous,  as 
along  the  Groat  and  Little  Pedee  Rivers  and  Lynch's 
Creek.  Among  the  mineral  treasures  of  the  state  arc  gold 
(found  in  7  or  8  of  the  N.W.  counties,  in  veins,  nuggets, 
and  gravel),  which  is  still  mined  to  some  extent;  ores  of 
iron,  manganese,  copper,  lead,  and  bismuth,  chiefly  north- 
westward; abundance  of  kaolin,  red  and  yellow  ochres, 
buhr-stone,  and  metamorphic  shales  suitable  for  flagging; 
handsome  red,  white,  and  variegated  granites  and  syenitee; 
white  and  colored  marbles  and  limestones;  fine  soapstones, 
<feo.  The  trias  affords  a  little  coal  and  some  graphite.  But 
at  present  the  mineral  of  greatest  economic  importance  is 
tho  (post-pliocene)  phosphatic  lime-rock  of  the  lowland 
and  river-beds  near  Charleston,  and  also  on  the  Stono, 
Ashepoo,  and  Edisto  Rivers,  and  near  St.  Helena  Sound. 
This  is  largely  collected,  and  converted  into  a  cheap  and 
effective  fertilizer.  The  mineral  is  crobably  of  remote  an- 
imal origin,  and  exists  in  great  abundance. 


sou 


2501 


SOU 


Coatt-Line  and  Rivers. — From  Little  River  Inlet  to  Sa- 
rannah  River  the  coast  extends  200  miles  in  a  S.W.  course. 
Wiuyaw  Bay,  Bull's  Bay,  Charleston  harbor,  Stono  Inlet, 
Edisto  Inlet,  St.  Helena  Sound,  and  Port  Royal  entrance 
afford  harbor  facilities,  but  the  only  first-class  harbors  are 
those  of  Charleston  and  Port  Royal,  on  the  latter  of  which 
are  the  towns  of  Beaufort  and  Hilton  Head.  Charleston, 
Beaufort,  and  Georgetown  are  ports  of  entry.  The  Sa- 
vannah River  is  navigable  for  steamboats  to  Augusta,  Ga., 
and  much  higher  by  small  boats.  The  rivers  Ashley  and 
Cooper  flow  into  Charleston  harbor.  The  Santee,  with 
its  constituent  streams  the  Congaree  and  Wateree,  affords 
steam-navigation  to  Columbia  and  Camden,  and  bateau.-c 
may  ascend  the  two  latter  streams  nearly  to  the  mountains. 
The  Great  Pedee  admits  of  steam-navigation  to  Cheraw, 
150  miles.  The  Combahee  and  Edisto  admit  of  some  navi- 
gation. Inside  the  sea-islands  the  sounds  afford  a  safe  and 
tranquil  passage  for  river-steamers.  The  Cooper  and  Santee 
Rivers  are  connected  by  the  Santee  Canal,  22  miles  long. 

Objects  of  Interest  to  Tourists. — Table  Rock,  in  the  Blue 
Ridge,  the  highest  point  of  land  in  the  state  (4000  feet), 
has  a  sheer  perpendicular  front  1100  feet  high  ;  and  Caesar's 
Head,  in  the  same  vicinity,  is  a  remarkable  hemispherical 
eminence.  Glenn,  Limestone,  and  Cedar  Springs  have 
medicinal  waters.  Aiken  is  a  noted  sanitarium  for  con- 
sumptives and  paralytics,  its  climate  and  soil  being  dry 
and  the  temperature  mild  and  equable.  The  falls  of  the 
Saluda  are  in  a  mountain-tract  of  much  picturesque  beauty. 

Agriculture. — The  sea-islands  are  specially  adapted  to  the 
growth  of  long-staple  or  sea-island  cotton  and  of  rice  ;  the 
tidal  swamps,  to  rice-culture;  the  inland  swamps,  when 
drained,  to  corn,  cotton,  rice,  and  pease ;  the  salt  marshes, 
to  long  cotton;  the  oak-and-pine  and  the  oak-and-hickory 
lands,  to  corn  and  cotton  ;  the  pine  barrens  (6,000,000  acres) 
now  afford  principally  naval  stores,  sweet  potatoes,  and  pas- 
turage. The  northwestern  region  produces  corn,  wheat, 
barley,  oats,  tobacco,  and  a  great  variety  of  fruits,  apples, 
pears,  and  plums  doing  well  there.  The  fig  and  pomegranate 
thrive  in  the  lower  counties,  and  the  peach  and  grape 
flourish  everywhere.     The  production  of  early  vegetables, 

Eirincipally  green  peas,  potatoes,  and  tomatoes,  and  also  of 
trawberries  for  the  New  York  market,  is  already  an  im- 
portant occupation.  The  climate  is  well  adapted  for  wine- 
and  silk-culture,  and  probably  also  for  the  growth  of  the 
toa-plant.  Indigo  was  formerly  raised  hero  on  a  large  and 
prontable  scale,  and  its  culture  might  be  restored  with  ad- 
vantage. Stock-raising  and  wool-growing  are  carried  on 
with  profit;  and  experiments  have  been  made  towards  the 
[naturalization  of  the  Angora  or  mohair  goat.  The  Euro- 
ipean  walnut  and  chestnut  succeed  well  here.  Green  maize 
[and  the  cow-pea  are  the  principal  forage-plants  grown,  and 
Ihe  rice  of  South  Carolina  is  regarded  as  the  best  article 
of  its  kind  known  to  commerce. 

Natural  Productions. — The  native  forest  trees  include 
several  oaks,  of  which  one  is  the  very  valuable  evergreen 
'Or  live  oak,  the  long-leaf  and  other  useful  pines,  several 
pickeries,  and  many  other  important  timber-trees.  The 
palmetto  and  the  so-called  Spanish  moss  are  characteristic 
blants  of  the  lowlands. 

j  The  Climate  of  the  pines  and  of  the  sand-hill  belt  is  very 
Iry  and  equable,  and  is  believed  to  exercise  a  remarkably 
;3urative  influence  upon  those  afflicted  with  pulmonary  and 
jther  chronic  diseases.  The  rice-swamps  emit  a  malarial 
influence  which  is  dangerous  to  the  unacclimated,  and  the 
joast-region  has  been  visited  by  severe  epidemics  of  yellow 
fever.  'The  mountain-region  has  a  delightful  summer  cli- 
Tiate,  and  is  much  visited  by  tourists. 

Manufacturing. — The  manufacture  of  cotton  goods  is 
■oceiving  much  attention  of  late,  and  quite  a  number  of 
jv.lls  are  profitably  run.  Lumber-sawing,  the  manufacture 
)f  woollens,  cotton-seed,  oil  and  oil-cake,  turpentine  oil, 
•osin,  tar,  and  pitch,  phosphates  (from  the  rock  deposit  al- 
■eady  mentioned),  flouring,  rice-hulling,  and  the  tanning 
ind  currying  of  leather  are  industries  of  considerable  im- 
jortance.  I'he  water-power  of  the  upper  and  middle  coun- 
:ie3  is  ample ;  but  in  the  coast  region  steam  is  generally 
employed,  and  some  flour-mills  are  moved  by  horse-power. 

Commerce  is  principally  carried  on  from  the  three  ports 
jf  entry, — Charleston,  Georgetown,  and  Beaufort,  the 
proper  tonnage  of  these  ports  being  about  12,000,  3500,  and 
2000  respectively.  Foreign  commerce  centres  mainly  at 
Charleston,  but  is  also  shared  by  Beaufort  to  some  extent, 
nice,  cotton,  phosphate  and  phosphatic  rock,  lumber,  naval 
stores,  cotton-seed  and  its  oil,  oil-cake,  fish,  and  spring 
vegetables  are  the  principal  articles  shipped.  The  rivers  of 
5outh  Carolina  have  afforded  much  fresh  shad  for  Northern 
narkcts,  and  oysters  thrive  naturally  along  the  coast. 


Railroads. — The  South  Carolina  Railroad,  built  1830-33, 
was  the  first  railroad  to  employ  an  American-built  locomo- 
tive, and  this  was  also  the  first  successful  locomotive  ever 
run  in  this  country.  In  1850  the  state  had  250  miles  of 
railroad;  in  1860,  973  miles;  in  1870,  1139  miles;  in  1880, 
1429  miles;  in  1890,  2297  miles.  The  railroad  taxes  paid 
to  the  state  in  1889  amounted  to  $221,793. 

The  counties  (formerly  districts)  are  35  in  number,  via., 
Abl'eville,  Aiken,  Anderson,  Barnwell,  Beaufort,  Berke- 
ley, Charleston,  Chester,  Chesterfield,  Clarendon,  Colleton, 
Darlington,  Edgefield,  Fairfield,  Florence,  Georgetown, 
Greenville,  Haui))ton,  Horry,  Kershaw,  Lancaster,  Lau- 
rens, Lexington,  Marion,  Marlborough,  Newberry,  Oconee, 
Orangeburg,  Pickens,  Richland,  Spartanburg,  Sumter, 
Union,  Williiimsburg.  and  York.  The  principal  cities  are 
Charleston  (pi>p.  in  1890,  54,965)  and  Columbia,  the  capital 
(15,363) ;  and  other  places  of  importance  are  Aiken,  Ander- 
son, Beaufort,  Camden,  Cheraw,  Chester,  Clifton,  Cokes- 
bury,  Conwayborough,  Darlington,  Edgefield,  Florence, 
Georgetown,  Greenville,  Greenwood,  Kingstree,  Lancaster, 
Laurens,  Marion,  Newberry,  Orangeburg,  Pendleton,  Pick- 
ensville.  Piedmont,  Rock  Hill,  Spartanburg,  Summerville, 
Sumter,  Walhalla,  Waltorborough,  and  Winnsborough, 

Government,  dec. — The  governor  is  chosen  for  the  term  of 
two  years,  by  a  plurality  of  votes.  Voters  must  have  lived 
one  year  in  the  state  and  sixty  days  in  the  county  where 
the  ballot  is  cast.  The  general  assembly  consists  of  a  senate 
of  34  members  and  a  lower  house  of  124  representatives. 
Most  judicial  oflicers  are  chosen  either  by  the  general  as- 
sembly or  by  popular  vote,  and  all  judges  have  fixed  terms 
of  service.  The  state  sends  7  representatives  to  the  lower 
house  of  Congress.  At  Columbia  are  situated  the  state 
penitentiary  and  reformatory  school,  the  lunatic  asylum, 
and  the  orphan  asylum;  and  at  Cedar  Springs  is  the  state 
institution  for  the  deaf  and  dumb  and  the  blind. 

Education. — The  free  public  school  system  is  presided 
over  by  commissioners  for  the  state  and  for  each  county, 
and  there  are  boards  of  county  examiners  and  district 
trustees.  There  are  a  state  normal  school  and  a  female 
college  at  Columbia,  in  which  city  is  also  the  state  univer- 
sity, open  to  white  and  colored  students,  with  preparatory, 
legal,  medical,  special,  and  academical  courses  of  study. 
To  Claflin  University,  Orangeburg,  are  afiiliated  the  state 
agricultural  college  and  mechanical  institute  and  a  Metho- 
dist theological  school.  Charleston  College,  at  Charleston, 
is  an  institution  of  high  character.  Furman  University, 
female  college,  and  divinity  school  (Baptist),  at  Greenville, 
Newberry  College  (Lutheran),  at  Walhalla,  Erskine  Col 
lege  (Associate  Reformed),  at  Due  West,  and  a  female  col- 
lege at  the  same  place,  Wofford  College  (Methodist),  at 
Spartanburg,  Mount  Zion  College,  at  Winnsborough,  the 
medical  college  at  Charleston,  and  the  Presbyterian  theo- 
logical seminary  at  Columbia  are  among  the  more  important 
educational  institutions  in  the  state. 

History. — Permanent  settlement  of  white  colonists  in 
South  Carolina  was  first  effected  at  Port  Royal  in  1670  by 
a  party  of  English,  who  afterwards  founded  Charleston 
(1680),  the  country  having  been  a  part  of  the  Carolina 
province  since  1663.  In  1729  the  two  Carolina  provinces 
were  divided,  and  the  crown-government  was  established 
in  place  of  John  Locke's  curious  constitution,  which  had 
established  a  nobility  of  landgraves  and  caciques  under  the 
colonial  proprietors.  Many  French  Huguenot*  came  over 
in  1685,  and  Scotch,  Irish,  Swiss,  and  German  immigra- 
tions followed.  During  the  Revolution  importaht  actions 
occurred  at  Charleston,  Fort  Moultrie,  Camden,  the  Cow- 
pens,  King's  Mountain,  Eutaw  Springs,  Monk's  Corner, 
the  Combahee,  <fec.,  and  the  state  suffered  much  from  the 
toryism  of  her  own  people,  but  her  honor  was  nobly  sus- 
tained by  such  patriots  as  Laurens,  Hayne,  Jasper,  Horry, 
Marion,  and  Sumter.  In  1832-33  occurred  the  famous 
nullification  troubles  in  South  Carolina.  In  1860  the  stale, 
which  had  always  taken  extreme  state-rights  ground,  passed 
the  ordinance  of  secession  in  a  convention  at  Charleston, 
and  in  this  action  she  was  speedily  followed  by  most  of  the 
other  slave-holding  states.  The  bombardment  of  Fort 
Sumter  in  the  following  April  precipitated  the  war  of 
1861-65,  during  the  course  of  which  South  Carolina  sul- 
fered  severely.     She  was  restored  to  the  Union  in  1868. 

The  Population  in  1790  was  249,073;  in  1800,  345,591 , 
in  1810,415,115;  in  1820,502,741;  in  1830,581,185;  in 
1840,  594,398;  in  1850,668,507;  in  1860,703,708;  in  1870,. 
705,606,  of  whom  only  289,667  were  white;  in  1880,995.577, 
of  whom  391,105  were  white;  in  1890,  1,151,149. 

South  Car'rollton,  a  post- village  of  Muhlenberg  co., 
Ky.,  on  Green  River,  and  on  the  Owcnsborough  &  Nash  rille 
Railroad,  32  miles  S.  of  Owcnsborough,  and  10  miles  N.E. 


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of  Or««nvil1e.  It  has  eerrenil  warehouses,  the  South  Car- 
rollton  In«titute,  2  flouring-inills,  and  3  ohurches.    Pop.  493. 

South  Carthage,  kur'thij,  a  pot*t-haiulet  of  Franklin 
00.,  Me.,  about  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Augusta. 

South  Car'vcr,  a  post-village  in  Carver  township, 
Plymouth  oo.,  Mass.,  38  miles  S.S.E.  of  Boston,  and  about 
20  miles  N.N.E.  of  New  Bedford.  It  has  2  churches,  an 
iron-foundry  established  in  1757,  and  a  manufactory  of 
parlor-grates. 

South  Cas'co,  a  post-hamlot  in  Casco  townshin,  Cum- 
berland 00.,  Me.,  on  Scbago  Lake,  about  24  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Portland.     It  has  manufactures  of  lumber. 

South  Cass,  also  called  Odes'sa  Centre,  a  post- 
village  in  Odessa  township,  Ionia  co.,  Mich.,  about  35  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  Lansing.     Pop.  about  200. 

South  Cave,  a  market-town  and  parish  of  England, 
CO.  of  York,  East  Riding,  8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Market-AVeigh- 
ton.  John  Washington,  the  grandfather  of  the  great 
American  patriot,  emigrated  from  this  parish  in  1657. 

South  Ce'dar,  a  post-oflice  of  Jackson  co.,  Kansas. 

South  Cham'pion,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y., 
about  II  miles  E.S.E.  of  Watertown. 

South  Charleston,  charlz'tc>n,  a  post-village  in  Madi- 
son township,  Clark  co.,  0.,  on  the  Springfield,  Jackson  & 
Pomeroy  Railroad,  and  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Co- 
lumbus with  Xenia,  36  miles  W.S.W.  of  Columbus,  and  12 
miles  S.B.  of  Springfield.  It  has  3  churches,  a  national 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  union  school,  <to.     Pop.  932. 

South  Charlestown,  charlz'tSwn,  a  post-hamlet  in 
Charlestown  township,  Sullivan  co.,  N.II.,  on  the  Connec- 
ticut River,  and  on  the  Sullivan  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Bel- 
lows Falls.     It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  cigar-factory. 

South  Charlotte,  shar'l9t,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wash- 
ingtoji  CO.,  Me.,  in  Charlotte  township,  17  miles  S.  of  Calais. 

South  Chatham,  chat'am,  a  post-village  in  Chatham 
township,  Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  about 
62  miles  E.  of  New  Bedford. 

South  Chatham,  a  post-hamlet  in  Chatham  township, 
Carroll  co.,  N.II.,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Fryeburg,  Me.  It  has 
a  lumber-mill. 

South  Chelmsford,  chfimz'fijrd,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  in  Chelmsford  township,  on  the  Bos- 
ton, Clinton  <fc  Fitchburg  Railroad,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Lowell. 

South  Ches'ter,  a  borough  of  Deliiware  co.,  Pa., 
forming  a  southern  suburb  of  Chester,  Pa.  It  is  on  the 
Philadelphia,  Wilmington  <t  Baltimore  Railroad,  and  has 
4  churches,  a  rolling-mill,  and  7  manufactories  of  cotton 
and  woollen  goods.  Pop.  in  1890,  7076.  Here  is  a  steam- 
boat-landing on  the  Delaware.  The  post-office  and  station 
are  called  Thurlow. 

South  Ches'terville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co., 
Me.,  in  Chesterville  township,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of 
Augusta.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

South  Chicago,  she-kah'go,  a  suburban  post-village 
of  Chicago,  111.,  on  Lake  Michigan,  and  on  the  Pittsburg, 
Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago  Railroiid,  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  and  the  Lake  Shore  Jfc  Michigan  Southern  Rail- 
road, about  12  miles  from  the  initial  stations  in  Chicago. 

South  Chi'na,a  post-village  in  China  township,  Ken- 
nebec CO.,  Me.,  on  China  Lake,  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Augusta. 
It  has  a  church. 

South  Cli'max,  a  post-office  of  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich. 

South  Codo'ru«,  township,  York  co..  Pa.     P.  2002. 

South  Colton,  kol'tpn,  a  post-hamlet  in  Colton  town- 
ship, St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Racket  River,  about 
15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Canton.     It  has  1  or  more  saw- mills. 

South  Columbia,  ko-liira'be-a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coos 
CO.,  N.II.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  about  25  miles  N.  by 
E.  of  Lancaster.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

South  Columbia,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Her- 
kimer CO.,  N.Y'.,  on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western 
Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Richfield  Springs. 

South  Cor'inth,  a  post-office  of  Penobscot  co..  Me., 
15i  miles  N.W.  of  Bangor. 

South  Corinth,  a  post-village  in  Corinth  township, 
Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Adirondack  Railroad,  13  miles 
N.  of  Saratoga  Springs.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a 
tannery,  3  stores,  and  nearly  30  houses. 

South  Cor'nish,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.II. 

South  Cortland,kort'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cortland 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Utica,  Ithaca  &  Elmira  Railroad,  3  miles 
S.W.  of  Cortland.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  cheese-factory. 

South  Cot'tonwood,  a  post-office  of  Salt  Lake  co., 
Utah. 

South  Cov'entry,  a  post-village  in  Coventry  town- 
■hip.  Tolland  co.,  Conn.,  near  the  Wiliimantie  River,  1  mile 


from  the  Now  London  Northern  Railroad,  and  24  mtlM  E,' 
of  Hartford.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  2  woollen, 
mills,  3  silk-mills,  and  a  newspaper  office. 

South  Coventry,  townsthip,  Chester  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  6<9. 

South  Covington,  a  ]>o.st-village  of  Kenton  co.,  Ky.' 
on  the  Kentucky  Central  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Cincinnati 
0.     It  has  2  churches. 

South  Creek,  a  nost-office  of  Dixon  co..  Neb.,  about 
30  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Sioux  City,  Iowa. 

South  Creek,  Beaufort  co.,  N.C.    See  Oregon  Milu. 

South  Creek,  a  hamlet  in  South  Creek  township) 
Bradford  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Northern  Central  RailroDd,  ut 
Gillett  Station,  12  miles  S.  of  Elmira,  N.Y.  It  bu  n 
church.  The  post-office  at  this  place  is  Gillett.  Pop,  of 
the  township,  1070. 

South  Cum'minsville,  a  station  in  Hamilton  co.,  0., 
on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  A  Dayton  Railroad,  5  milei  K, 
of  Cincinnati. 

South  Cuyler,  ki'l^r,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cortland  w., 
N.Y.,  about  45  miles  S.W.  of  Utica.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Dako'ta,  a  northwestern  state  of  the  Aroeriean 
Union,  bounded  N.  by  North  Dakota,  from  which  it  i> 
separated  by  the  seventh  standard  parallel,  or  the  parallel 
45°  60'  40"  N.  lat.,  E.  by  Minnesota,  from  which  it  is  sep- 
arated by  Lake  Traverse,  Big  Stone  Lake,  and  the  meridian 
96°  20'  W.  Ion.,  and  by  Iowa,  from  which  it  is  mainly  parted 
by  the  Big  Sioux  River,  S.  by  Nebraska,  with  the  hne  of 
division  formed  by  the  Missouri  River  and  the  parallel  43° 
N.  lut.  On  the  W.  it  is  separated  from  Montana  and 
Wyoming  by  the  meridian  104°  W.  Ion.  Its  length  £. 
and  W.  is  about  360  miles,  and  its  breadth  N.  and  S.  about 
225  miles.     Area,  77,650  square  miles. 

Topography  and  Drainage. — The  surface  of  the  state  it 
in  general  that  of  a  great  undulating  plain.  It  is  divided 
into  two  nearly  equal  sections  by  the  Missouri  River,  nbich 
enters  the  state  from  North  Dakota,  and,  after  crossing  it  in 
a  southeasterly  direction,  forms  a  part  of  the  southern 
boundary.  E.  of  the  Missouri,  level  and  rolling  prairie 
lands  predominate.  The  Plateau  du  Cotcau  du  Missouri, 
which  follows  the  eastern  bank  of  the  river  in  its  passage 
across  North  Dakota,  extends  southward  into  this  state. 
Along  the  eastern  border-line  there  extends  N.  and  S.  for 
about  200  miles  a  long  narrow  plateau  known  as  the  Coteau 
des  Prairies.  Throughout  this  latter  elevated  region  tlicre 
are  numerous  small  salt  lakes  without  outlets.  Bctweeo 
these  two  plateaus  is  the  narrow  valley  of  the  James  or 
Dakota  River.  W.  of  the  Missouri  the  jilain  is  more 
uneven,  the  hills  and  buttcs  are  more  numerous,  and  the 
elevated  region  finally  culminates  towards  the  S.W.  in  the 
Black  Hills.  This  is  a  rugged  region  of  upheaval,  covering 
an  area  of  3500  square  miles  or  more  within  this  state  aud 
extending  into  Wyoming.  This  district  has  a  general 
elevation  of  4000  feet  above  the  sea,  and  Harney's  Peak,  the 
highest  point,  reaches  an  altitude  of  7700  feet.  S.E.  of  the 
Black  Hills,  covering  an  area  of  100  square  miles,  are  the 
Bad  Lands,  or  Mauvait  Terrea  of  the  early  French  scttleri. 
The  character  of  this  remarkable  region  is  indescribably 
unique.  Although  this  portion  of  the  state  is  usually  de- 
scribed as  barren  and  useless  land,  its  canons  and  some  of 
the  level  tracts  contain  a  rich  growth  of  vegetation  which 
has  to  some  extent  been  utilized  for  grazing.  The  ccntnil 
and  western  portions  of  the  state  are  drained  by  the  Mis- 
souri and  its  tributaries,  of  which  the  most  important  are 
the  Grande,  the  Moreau,  the  Big  Cheyenne,  the  Bad,  an^ 
the  White  Rivers.  The  eastern  part  lies  mainly  in  the  val- 
leys of  the  James,  or  Dakota,  and  the  Big  Sioux  Rivers, 
which  are  also  affluents  of  the  Missouri. 

Geology  and  Minerals. — The  greater  part  of  the  state  is 
of  cretaceous  formation,  covered  throughout  the  E.  and  in 
some  parts  of  the  western  Missouri  Valley  by  glacial  drift. 
In  the  S.  and  S.W.  is  a  large  area  of  Tertiary  deposits 
extending  southward  into  Nebraska  and  Kansas,  and  west- 
ward into  Wyoming.  In  the  Black  Hills  there  are  ex- 
posures of  nearly  every  geological  period.  The  various 
formations  are  disposed  in  concentric  bands,  elliptical  in 
form  around  Harney's  Peak  as  a  nucleus.  The  ores  of 
the  Black  Hills  are  of  great  variety  and  almost  inexhaust- 
ible in  quantity.  In  the  inner  rings  especially  are  vein* 
of  gold,  silver,  copper,  lead,  and  tin.  In  many  oa.»e» 
erosion  has  been  so  complete  as  to  form  rich  placer  deposits 
in  the  valleys  and  canons.  The  deposits  of  tin  are  the 
most  valuable  in  America,  and  promise  the  development 
of  a  most  valuable  industry.  Large  tracts  of  country  W. 
of  the  Missouri  are  underlaid  with  lignite,  and  coal  of  ex- 
cellent quality  has  been  discovered  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
Black  Hills  and  elsewhere,  but  it  has  not  yet  been  exten- 
sively worked.     Natural  gas  baa   been  found  in  Sully, 


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Hughea,  and  MoCook  Counties,  and  in  some  other  localities. 
Hica  has  been  mined  on  a  large  scale  in  the  Black  Hills. 
Clays,  lime,  cement,  chalk,  and  building-stones  are  abun- 
dant. The  quartzite  or  jasper  granite  of  the  Big  Sioux  Val- 
lev  is  already  famous.  It  occurs  in  various  pleasing  shades, 
is 'sufficiently  hard  to  cut  glass,  and  is  susceptible  of  a  high 
polish.  The  grotesquely-shaped  cretaceous  rocks  of  the  Bad 
jLands  abound  in  interesting  fossils,  of  which  scarcely  a 
single  specimen  is  familiar  to  the  anatomist  of  to-diiy. 

Climate.— South  Dakota  enjoys  a  dry,  bracing  climate, 
•with  comparatively  mild  winters,  in  which  even  extreme 
cold  is  much  less  noticeable,  on  account  of  the  dryness  of 
the  atmosphere,  than  it  is  in  New  York  or  New  England, 
which  lie  in  the  same  latitude.  The  rainfall  is  commonly 
sufficient  for  the  development  of  the  crops,  but  on  account 
of  occasional  droughts,  a  system  of  artificial  irrigation  is 
under  contemplation.  The  water  supply  is  in  many  cases 
obtained  from  artesian  wells,  which  are  remarkable  for  their 
great  pressure  and  the  volume  of  water  supplied.  The 
subterranean  pressure  is  often  sufficient  to  insure  complete 
fire  protection,  and  to  furnish  power  for  manufacturing. 

lieeourees. — The  natural  productions  are  numerous  and 
varied.  The  mineral  wealth  has  already  been  noticed.  In 
most  sections  of  the  state  the  soil  is  remarkably  fertile,  and 
agriculture  is  the  leading  industry.  Wheat  is  the  staple 
orop,  and  its  quality  has  a  world-wide  reputation.  In  the  S. 
corn  is  the  important  crop.  Flax,  oats,  barley,  hay,  and 
Borghum  are  also  among  the  valuable  products.  Garden 
vegetables  and  fruits  of  various  kinds  are  extensively 
cultivated.  Stock-raising  is  profitable  in  all  parts  of  the 
.Jstate.  The  ease  with  which  corn  is  raised  makes  the  rear- 
ing of  hogs  a  remunerative  industry.  The  number  of  fine 
liorses,  cattle,  and  sheep  is  constantly  increasing. 
I  Railroada. — A  great  factor  in  the  growth  of  the  Dakotas 
pas  been  the  facility  for  transportation  afforded  by  the 
railroads.  Many  of  the  roads  were  constructed  in  advance 
pf  settlement.  There  is  now  direct  and  ample  communica- 
iion  with  such  markets  as  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis,  Duluth, 
Chicago,  Sioux  City,  and  Omaha-  The  great  lines  which 
pefore  the  opening  of  the  Sioux  Reservation  terminated 
kt  the  Missouri  will  soon  be  extended  to  the  Black  Hills, 
find  probably  to  the  Pacific  coast.  South  Dakota  had  in 
1890  2610  miles  of  railroad. 

r  Finances.— r\\e>  state  debt  in  1890  was  $1,020,200,  all  of 
Lvhichwas  incurred  in  the  construction  of  public  buildings, 
ffhe  annual  interest  and  sinking-fund  charge  amounted  to 
554,000.  The  power  of  the  legislature  to  increase  the  debt 
s  limited  to  the  extent  of  $100,000. 

Education. — There  is  an  e.\cellent  system  of  free  oomraon 
schools,  and  in  the  leading  towns  and  cities  graded  and  high 
schools  of  a  high  standard  are  maintained.  More  than 
2,000,000  acres  of  land  are  set  aside  for  the  support  of  the 
schools.  The  sale  of  this  land  will  ultimately  insure  an 
enormous  school  fund.  Among  the  public  institutions  of 
iigher  education  are  the  state  university  at  Vermilion,  the 
igricultural  college  at  Brookings,  the  normal  schools  at 
>pcarfish  and  Madison,  the  school  of  mines  at  Rapid  City, 
ind  a  school  for  deaf  mutes  at  Sioux  Falls.  Th«re  are 
ilso  six  colleges  and  several  academies  and  institutions  of 
jigher  learning  under  denominational  control.  The  state 
Supports  a  hospital  for  the  insane  at  Yankton  and  a  soldier's 
lOme  at  Hot  Springs.  The  state  penitentiary  is  located  at 
ioux  Falls,  and  there  is  a  reform  school  at  Plankington. 

Counties  and  Towns. — South  Dakota  has  78  counties,  viz., 

urora,  Beadle,  Bonhomme,  Boreman,  Brookings,  Brown, 
rul6,  Buffalo,  Butte,  Campbell,  Charles  Mix,  Choteau, 
5lark,  Clay,  Codington,  Cu.ster,  Davidson,  Day,  Delano, 
iDeuel,  Dewey,  Douglas,  Edmunds,  Ewing,  Fall  River, 
Itaulk,  Griint,  Gregory,  Hamlin,  Hand,  Hanson,  Harding, 
|Iughes,  Hutchinson,  Hyde,  Jackson,  Jerauld,  Kingsbury, 
Lake,  Lawrence,  Lincoln,  Lugenbeel,  Lyinan,  McCook, 
McPherson,  Marshall,  Martin,  Meade,  Meyer,  Miner,  Min- 
nehaha, Moody,  Nowlin,  Pennington,  Potter,  Pratt,  Presho, 
Pyatt,  Rinehart,  Roberts,  Sanborn,  Schnasse,  Scobey,  Shan- 
pon,  Spink,  Stanley,  Sterling,  Sully,  Todd,  Tripp,  Turner, 
[[Inion,  Wagner,  Walworth,  Washabaugh,  Washington, 
Kunktou,  and  Ziebach.  The  principal  towns  are  Sioux 
hills  (pop.  in  1890,  10,177),  Yankton  (3670),  Pierre,  the 
lapital  (3235),  Aberdeen  (3182),  Huron  (3038),  Watertown 
26721,  Lead  City  (2581),  Deadwood  (2366),  Mitchell  (2217), 
ind  Rapid  City  (2128).  The  population  of  the  state  in  1890 
*a8  328,808,  an  increase  of  234.60  per  cent,  over  the  pop- 
liation  in  1880  for  the  corresponding  part  of  the  territory 
»f  Dakota. 

History. — Dakota  Territory  was  a  part  of  the  Louisiana 
purchase  of  1803.  It  was  made  a  part  of  Minnesota  Terri- 
ory  in  1849,  and  after  1854  a  portion  was  included  in 


Nebraska  until  1864.  When,  in  1861,  Dakota  Territory 
was  organized,  including  the  greater  part  of  what  now 
constitutes  the  states  of  Montana  and  Wyoming,  the  entire 
population  was  less  than  3000.  Notwithstanding  the  fact 
that  its  area  was  much  reduced  during  the  next  decade, 
and  that  immigration  was  retarded  by  Indian  wars,  the 
population  increased  to  12,887  in  1870.  The  discovery  of 
gold  in  the  Black  Hills  and  the  opening  of  the  farming 
lands  produced  such  a  growth  that  the  census  of  1880 
showed  a  population  of  135,180,  a  figure  greatly  surpassed 
by  either  of  the  states  of  North  Dakota  or  South  Dakota 
in  1890.  On  April  19,  1888,  a  bill  passed  the  Senate  for 
the  admission  of  South  Dakota  as  a  state,  and  the  organi- 
zation of  the  territory  of  North  Dakota.  A  modification 
of  this  bill  resulted  in  the  act  of  February  22,  1889,  au- 
thorizing the  admission  of  both  North  and  South  Dakota. 
South  Dakota  became  a  state  November  3,  1889.  In  1890, 
11,000,000  acres  of  the  Sioux  Reservation,  and  in  1891, 
1,000,000  acres  of  the  Lake  Traverse  or  Sisseton  Reserva- 
tion were  opened  for  general  settlement. 

South  Danbiiry,  dan'b§r-e,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grafton 
CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Northern  Railroad,  35  miles  N.AV.  of  Con- 
cord.    It  has  a  church. 

South  Dan'by,  a  post-office  of  Tompkins  co,,  N.Y., 
about  24  miles  N.E.  of  Elmira. 

South  Dansvilie,  New  York.    See  Rogersvillb. 

South  Danvers,  Massachusetts.    See  Peabody. 

South  Dan'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caledonia  co.,  Vt., 
in  Danville  township,  6  or  7  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Johnsbury. 

South  Dartmouth,  or  Pa^daua'ram,  a  post-vil- 
lage in  Dartmouth  township,  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  on  Buz- 
zard's Bay,  4  miles  S.  of  New  Bedford.  It  has  a  good 
harbor,  2  churches,  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  about  400. 

South  Dayton,  New  York.     See  Pi.ne  Valley. 

South  Dedham,  Massachusetts.    See  Norwood. 

South  Deer'iield,  a  post-village  in  Deerfield  town- 
ship, Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Connecticut  River  Railroad, 
28  miles  N.  of  Springfield,  and  nearly  2  miles  W.  of  the 
Connecticut  River.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  and 
a  manufactory  of  pocket-books. 

South  Deerheld,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham  co., 
N.H.,  in  Deerfield  township,  3i  miles  N.  of  Candia  Station, 
and  15  miles  S.E.  of  Concord. 

South  Deer  Isle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co.,  Me., 
on  Penobscot  Bay,  and  on  the  coast  of  an  island  named 
Deer  Isle,  about  28  miles  S.E,  of  Belfast.  Here  is  a  steam- 
boat-landing. 

South  Del'phi,  a  village  in  Deer  Creek  township,  Car- 
roll CO.,  Ind.     Pop.  160.     It  is  now  the  4th  ward  of  Delphi. 

South  Den'nis,  a  post-village  in  Dennis  township, 
Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  on  an  inlet,  about  2  miles  from  the 
ocean,  on  the  Cape  Cod  Railroad,  81  miles  S.E.  of  Boston. 
It  has  2  churches.  It  is  mainly  supported  by  maritime 
pursuits. 

South  Dennis,  a  post-village  of  Cape  May  co.,  N.J., 
in  Dennis  township,  3  miles  from  Seaville  Railroad  Station, 
It  has  3  churches  and  several  stores. 

South  Dix'on,  a  township  of  Lee  co..  111.     Pop.  905. 

South  Dor'set,  a  post-hamlet  in  Dorset  township, 
Bennington  CO.,  Vt.,  at  the  base  of  Mount  ^olus,  5  miles 
from  East  Dorset  Station,  and  about  30  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Rutland.  It  has  a  quarry  of  white  marble  which  is  largely 
exported  for  building-purposes. 

South  Douro,  doo'ro,  a  post-village  in  Peterborough 
CO.,  Ontario,  10  miles  from  Peterborough.     Pop.  100. 

South  Do'ver,  a  post-hamlet  in  Dover  township,  Pis- 
cataquis CO.,  Me.,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Dover. 

South  Dover,  a  post-village  in  Dover  township, 
Dutchess  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  <fc  Harlem  Railroad, 
70  miles  N.N.E.  of  New  York.     It  has  3  churches. 

South'down,  a  station  in  Terre  Bonne  parish.  La.,  on 
Morgan's  Louisiana  &  Texas  Railroad  (Houma  Branch),  IJ 
miles  N.  of  Houma. 

South  Durham,  dfir'am,  a  post-hamlet  in  Durham 
township,  Androscoggin  co..  Me.,  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lewis- 
ton.     It  has  a  Friends'  meeting. 

South  Durham,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y., 
near  the  Catskill  Mountains,  32  miles  S.S.W.  of  Albany. 

South  Durham,  Quebec.    See  New  Durham. 

South  Dux'bury,a  post-village  in  Duxbury  township, 
Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  and  on 
an  inlet  of  the  ocean,  39  miles  S.E.  of  Boston.  It  has  sev- 
eral churches,  an  academy,  and  manufactures  of  shoes. 

South  East,  a  township  of  Orange  co.,  Ind.     P.  1556. 

South-east',  township,  Putnam  co.,  N.Y.     Pop.  2975. 

South  East  Bight,  a  settlement  on  the  W.  side  of 
Placentia  Bay,  Newfoundland,  opposite  Long  Island. 


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South'East  Island}  nn  island  of  tho  Louisinde  Aroh- 
IpeluKo,  hit.  (S.E.  point)  11°  38'  S.,  Ion.  153°  45'  E.,  41 
luilos  l<in<;,  iintl  10^  miles  broad  at  its  greatest  width. 

South  East  Island,  in  the  PaciBo.    See  Ranoatira. 

South  Eust'on,  a  post-village  in  Easton  townsliip, 
Bristol  00.,  Mass.,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Boston,  and  ^  mile 
from  the  Old  Colony  Railroad.  It  has  manufactures  of 
mauhinerjr,  boots,  and  shoes. 

South  Easton,  a  borough  of  Northampton  co..  Pa., 
on  the  S.  banlc  of  the  Lehigh  River,  at  its  mouth  in  the 
Delaware,  opposite  Easton,  and  on  the  Lehigh  Canal  and 
tho  Lohigh  Valley  Railroad.  It  has  3  churches,  and  active 
manufactures,  among  which  those  of  wire  and  of  cotton 
goods  are  prominent.     Pop.  in  1870,  3167;  in  1880,  4534. 

South  Easton,  Now  York.    See  Beadlr  Hill. 

South  Enton,  cc't9n,  a  post-ofBce  of  Wyoming  co., 
Pa.,  about  18  miles  N.W.  of  Scranton. 

South  E'dcn,  a  post-office  of  Fond  du  Lao  co.,  Wis., 
on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  11  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Fond  du  Lac. 

South  Ed'nieston,  a  post-hamlet  in  Edmeston  town- 
ship, Otsego  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Unadilla  River,  about  30 
mites  S.  of  Utica.  It  has  a  church,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a 
grist-mill.     Pop.  about  160. 

South  Ed'wards,  a  post-bamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co., 
N.Y.,  on  Oswegatchie  River,  about  24  miles  S.  of  Canton. 

South  Effingham,  a  post-hamlet  in  Effingham  t-own- 
sbip,  Carroll  co.,  N.II.,  5  or  6  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Ossipee. 
It  has  a  church. 

South  Eg'remont,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort 
in  Egwmont  township,  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  about  45  miles 
AV.  of  Springfield,  and  4  or  5  miles  N.  of  Mount  Everett.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  axle.''. 

South  Elk'horu,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Ky., 
on  South  Elkhorn  Creek,  4  miles  N.  of  Providence,  and 
about  6  miles  S.W.  of  Lexington.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  distillery. 

South  El'liot,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co.,  Me.,  on  the 
Piscataqua  River,  near  the  Eastern  Railroad,  4i  miles  N. 
of  Portsmouth,  N.II.,  and  3  miles  from  Elliot  Station.  It 
has  2  stores  and  a  church. 

South  Elmslcy,  Ontario.    See  LoMBAnDT. 

South  E'ly,  a  post- village  in  Shefford  co.,  Quebec,  7 
miles  N.E.  of  Waterloo.     Pop.  125. 

Southend',  a  h.amlet  and  watering-place  of  England, 
CO.  of  Essex,  on  the  Thames  estuary,  and  on  a  railway,  3 
miles  N.  of  Shoeburyness.     Pop.  2808. 

South  End,  a  post-ofiice  of  Suffolk  co.,  Mass.,  is  a 
branch  of  the  Boston  post-office. 

South  End  Long  Bridge,  a  station  of  the  Alexan- 
dria A.  Fredericksburg  Railroad,  on  the  Potomac  River,  2 
miles  S.W.  of  Washington,  D.C. 

South  Englewood,  5ng'gh§l-wood,  a  post-village  of 
Cook  CO.,  111.,  in  Calumet  and  Lake  townships,  and  on  or 
near  several  railroads,  about  10  miles  S.  of  Chicago. 

South  English,  ing'glish,  a  post-village  in  English 
River  township,  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa,  36  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Iowa  City.    It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  bank. 

South  E'rin,  a  post-office  of  Chemung  co.,  N.Y.,  10 
or  11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Elmira. 

Southern,  suTH'^rn,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  Ala., 
17  miles  S.  of  Iluntsville. 

Southern  Bay,  a  fishing  settlement  on  the  W.  side  of 
Bonavista  Bay,  Newfoundland,  10  miles  from  Salvage. 

Southern  Dwina,  Russia.    See  DI»na. 

Southern  Pennsylvania  Junction,  a  station  in 
Franklin  co.,  Pa.,  at  the  junction  of  the  Cumberland  Val- 
ley and  Southern  Pennsylvania  Railroads,  59  miles  S.W. 
of  Ilarrisburg. 

South  Et'na,  a  post-office  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  about 
20  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Bangor. 

South  Ev'anston,  a  post-village  of  Cook  co..  111.,  on 
Lake  Michigan,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Rail- 
road (Milwaukee  line),  1  mile  S.  of  Evanston,  and  11  miles 
N.  of  Chicago.  It  has  a  church  and  a  drug-store.  Pop. 
in  1880,  1517. 

South  Ev'ansvillc,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Berks  <fc  Lehigh  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Reading. 

South  Ex'eter,  a  post-hamlet  of  Penobscot  co..  Me., 
in  Exeter  township,  about  24  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bangor.  It 
has  a  church. 

South  Fabins,  Missouri.    See  Fabius. 

South  Fair'field,  a  post-office  of  Lenawee  co.,  Mich., 
about  M  miles  S.W.  of  Detroit. 

South  Fair'lee,  a  post-hamlct  of  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  on 
the  Connecticut  River,  and  on  the  Passumpsic  Railroad, 
about  36  miles  S.S.E.  of  Montpelier. 


South  Falls'bnrg,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co.,N.Y 
on  the  New  York  A  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  30  diIIm 
N.N.W.  of  Middletown. 

South  Fann'ington,  a  post-officeof  Polk  co.,  Wii. 

South  Fayette,  fi-yfit',  a  post-offlco  of  KennobM  oo 
Me.,  about  20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Augusta.  "* 

South  Fayette,  township,  Alleghany  CO.,  Po.   P.  1927. 

South'field,  a  post-hamlet  in  Now  Marlborough  town- 
ship, Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  about  30  miles  W.  of  Sprinz- 
field.     It  has  2  churches  and  2  manufactories  of  whips. 

Southfield,a  post-hamlct  in  Southfield  township,  Oak- 
land CO.,  Mich.,  12  miles  S.  of  Pontiac,  and  about  18  niilei 
N.W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  flour-mill.  Tlig 
township  contains  2  flour-mills,  3  saw-mills,  and  5  churche*. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1451. 

Southfield,  a  station  in  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie 
Railroad,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Goshen. 

Southfield,  a  township  of  Richmond  oo.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
5082.     It  includes  the  village  of  Richmond. 

South  Fin'castle,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co.,  0.,  on 
tho  Cincinnati  &  Eastern  Railroad,  52  miles  E.  of  Cid- 
cinnati. 

South  Finch,  a  post-village  in  Stormont  co.,  Ontario, 
16  miles  N.W.  of  Wales.  It  contains  2  saw-mills  and  3 
stores.     Pop.  100. 

South  Flint,  a  post-office  of  Dcs  Moines  co.,  Iowa, 
about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Burlington. 

South  Flor'ence,  a  post-hamlet  of  Colbert  co.,  AIn., 
on  the  Tennessee  River,  opposite  Florence,  and  on  tho  rail, 
road  which  connects  Florence  with  Tuseumbia.  It  has  a 
church  and  3  storehouses. 

South'ford,  a  post-village  of  New  Haven  co..  Conn., 
in  Southbury  township,  on  the  line  of  the  Now  York  i  . 
New  England  Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Wuterbury.    It 
hiis  a  church  and  a  paper-mill. 

South  Foreland.    Sec  Poixt  Pkle,  and  Fohelaxi). 

South  Fork,  a  post-village  of  Fulton  co.,  Ark.,  bi 
miles  N.W.  of  AValnut  Ridge  Station.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  cotton-gin. 

South  Fork,  a  township  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal.  P.  273. 

South  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Modoc  co.,  Cal. 

South  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Rio  Grande  co..  Col. 

South  Fork,  a  township  of  Christian  co..  III.    P.  1279. 

South  Fork,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  Iowa.  Pop., 
exclusive  of  Hopkinton,  1113. 

South  Fork,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa.  Pop., 
exclusive  of  Maquoketa,  925. 

South  Fork,  a  township  of  AVayne  co.,  Iowa.    P.  810. 

South  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Owsley  co.,  Ky. 

South  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Howell  co.,  Mo. 

South  Fork,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Mo.    P.  1463. 

South  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  New  Mexico. 

South  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C. 

South  Fork,  a  township  of  Forsyth  co.,  N.C.    P.  1398. 

South  Fork,  a  post-village  of  Cambria  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Conemaugh  River  and  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  9  milei 
E.N.E.  of  Johnstown.  It  has  a  church,  2  stores,  a  lumber- 
mill,  and  about  50  dwellings.     Much  coal  is  mined  here. 

South  Fork,  a  station  in  Utah  co.,  Utah,  on  the  Amer- 
ican Fork  Railroad,  14  miles  N.E.  of  American  Fork. 

South  Fork  of  the  Platte,  or  South  Platte 
River,  rises  at  Mount  Lincoln,  in  Colorado,  on  the  E. 
slope  of  tho  Main  Rtinge,  and  traverses  the  South  Park. 
It  runs  northeastward  to  Denver,  and  thence  nearly  north- 
ward to  Evans,  where  it  turns  towards  the  E.  It  intersects 
AVeld  CO.,  from  which  it  passes  into  the  state  of  Nebraska, 
finally  running  eastward  until  it  unites  with  the  North  Fork 
in  Lincoln  co..  Neb.  Length,  estimated  at  550  miles.  It 
is  not  navigable. 

South  Foster,  Rhode  Island.     See  Hopkins  Mills. 

South  Fra'niingham,  apost-village  in  Frarainghara 
township,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston  &  Albany 
Railroad,  and  at  the  junction  of  several  divisions  of  the 
Boston,  Clinton  &  Fitchburg  Railroad,  21  miles  W.  by  S. 
of  Boston,  23  miles  E.  of  AVorcester,  and  28  miles  S.  of 
Lowell.  It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  2  churches,  a  money- 
order  post-office,  and  3  manufactories  of  straw  goods. 

South  Frank'fort,  a  post-village  in  Gilmore  town- 
ship, Benzie  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Michigan,  40  miles  AV.S.AV. 
of  Traverse  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and 
a  furnace  or  foundry. 

South  FrankMin,  a  hamlet  of  Leeco.,  Iowa,  at  Frank- 
lin Station  on  the  Burlington  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  12 
miles  AV.  of  Fort  Madison. 

South  Franklin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Norfolk  co.,  Maf?., 
on  the  New  York  <t  New  England  Railroad,  30  miles  S.W. 
of  Boston.     It  has  a  church,  a  machine-shop,  Ac. 


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South  Franklin,  Vermont.    See  East  Franklix. 

South  Free'port,  a  post-village  in  Freeport  town- 
(hip,  Cuiaberland  co.,  Me.,  on  Casco  Bay,  3  miles  from 
ifarmouth  Station,  and  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Portland.  It 
las  a  church,  a  ship-yard,  and  a  canning-factory. 

South  Ga'briel,  a  post-office  of  Burnet  co.,  Tex. 

South  Gal  way,  gawl'wa,  a  post-hamlet  in  Galway 
ownship,  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  7  miles  \V.  of  Ballston. 

South  Gar'diner,  a  post-hamlet  in  Gardiner  town- 
ihip,  Kennebec  co..  Me.,  on  the  Kennebec  River,  and  on 
he  Maine  Central  Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of  Augusta. 

South  Gard'ner,  a  post-village  in  Gardner  township, 
IVorcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Vermont  A  Massachusetts 
lailroad  and  the  Boston,  Barre  &  Gardner  Railroad,  about 
15  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Worcester.  It  has  a  church,  and 
aanufactures  of  chairs,  pails,  and  toys. 

South  Gas'ton,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Halifax 
0.,  N.C.,  on  Roanoke  River,  and  on  the  Raleigh  &  Gaston 
lailroad,  82  miles  N.E.  of  Raleigh.     It  has  a  warehouse. 

South'gate,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind.,  about 
0  miles  N.W.  of  Cincinnati,  0. 

South  Gates,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y. 

South  Genesee,  j5n'§-see',  a  hamlet  of  Genesee 
jwnship,  Waukesha  CO.,  Wis.,  3  miles  from  Genesee  Depot. 

South  George'town,  a  station  in  Essex  co.,  Mass., 
n  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad,  30  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
loston. 

South  Georgia,  jor'je-^,  a  large  barren  and  unin- 
abited  island  of  the  Atlantic,  550  miles  E.S.E.  of  the 
'alkland  Islands.  Area,  1570  square  miles.  It  is  claimed 
y  Great  Britain.     Lat.  54°  30'  S.,-  Ion.  38°  16'  AV. 

South  Ger'mantown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington 
).,  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul  Railroad, 

0  miles  N.W.  of  Milwaukee.     It  has  3  churches. 
South  Gib'son,  a  post-village  of  Susquehanna  co., 

a.,  in  Gibson  township,  8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Hop  Bottom 
tation,  and  about  28  miles  N.  of  Scranton.  It  has  a  church. 
South  Gilboa,  ghiTbo'a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schoharie 
».,  N.Y.,  1  mile  from  the  Ulster  &  Delaware  Railroad,  and 
jout  45  miles  W.S.W.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  church. 
South  Glastenbury,  glass'^n-b^r-e,  a  post-village  in 
lastenbury  township,  Hartford  co..  Conn.,  on  the  E.  bank 
the  Connecticut  River,  about  9  miles  below  Hartford, 
id  1  mile  from  the  Connecticut  Valley  Railroad.  It  has 
churches,  2  cotton-mills,  and  a  woollen-mill. 
South  Glens  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Moreau  town- 
ip,  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River,  opposite 
Ions  Falls,  It  has  2  churches,  a  paper-mill,  a  union 
;hool,  a  large  saw-mill,  manufactures  of  lime,  Ac.  It  is  i 
4le  from  Glens  Falls  Station.  Pop.  1047. 
(South  Glover,  gliiv'^r,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orleans  co.. 
It.,  36  miles  N.N.E.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  a  lumber-mill. 
South  Goulds'borough,  a  post-hamlet  in  Goulds- 
rough  township,  Hancock  co..  Me.,  40  miles  S.E.  of  Ban- 
'r. 

South  Gow'er,  or  Pelton's  Corners,  a  post-vil- 
2;e  in  Grenville  co.,  Ontario,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Kemptville. 
ISouth  Gran'by,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y., 

1  the  Oswego  &  Syracuse  Railroad,  20  miles  N.W.  of 
^racuse. 

'South  Grand  Blanc,  a  post-office  of  Genesee  co., 
ii;h.,  on  the  Flint  &  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  6  miles  N. 
Holly. 

South  Granger,  gran'j§r,  post-office,  Monroe  co.,  Ind. 
South  Grau'ville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Granville  town- 
ip,  Washington  oo.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  from  Granville  Station. 
has  a  church. 

South  Grape  Creek,  post-office,  Kendall  oo.,  Tex. 
South  Gray,  a  hamlet  of  Cumberland  co..  Me.,  in  Gray 
•vnship,  3  miles  from  Gray  Station.     It  has  a  manufac- 
•y  of  sleighs. 

South  Greece,  a  post-hamlet  in  Greece  township, 
jnroe  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie  Canal,  6  or  7  miles  W.  of 
ichester.  It  is  i  mile  from  the  New  York  Central  Rail- 
id.  It  has  2  stores  and  2  wire-weaving-shops. 
South  Green'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greenfield  town- 
p,  Hillsborough  co.,  N.H.,  1  mile  from  Russell's  Cross- 
;,  on  the  Wilton  Extension  Railroad,  about  5  miles  S.E. 
<  Greenfield. 

South  Greenfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saratoga  oo., 
.  Y.,  on  the  Adirondack  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Sara- 
(;a  Springs.     It  has  a  church. 

■South  Grove,  a  post-office  in  South  Grove  township, 
:  Kalb  CO.,  111.,  about  22  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rockford.  The 
lynship  is  li  miles  S.  of  Kirkland  Station  on  the  Chicago 
•pacific  Railroad.  Pop.  of  the  township,  795. 
South  Grove'lana,a  post- village  in  Groveland  town- 
158 


ship,  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Lawrence,  and  1 
mile  S.  of  the  Merrimac  River.  It  has  2  churches  and  3 
woollen-mills. 

South  Gut  of  St,  Anus,  a  post-settlement  in  Vic- 
toria CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  12  miles  from  Baddeck.     Pop.  150. 

South  Had'ley,  a  post-village  in  South  Hadley  town- 
ship, Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  about  2  miles  E*  of  the  Con- 
necticut River,  and  11  or  12  miles  N.  of  Springfield.  It 
contains  5  churches,  1  or  2  high  schools,  and  the  Mount 
Holyoke  Female  Seminary,  which  has  about  275  students 
and  a  library  of  10,000  volumes.  This  seminary  has  a 
high  reputation  as  an  institution  for  the  education  of 
young  ladies.  The  township  contains  a  village  named 
South  Hadley  Falls.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1880,  3533. 

South  Hadley  Falls,  a  post-village  in  South  Hadley 
township,  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Connecticut  River, 
opposite  Holyoke,  and  8i  miles  N.  of  Springfield.  It  has 
4  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  manufactory  of  ginghams, 
and  2  paper-mills.  Here  is  a  great  dam  across  the  Con- 
necticut, which  near  this  place  descends  about  50  feet  over 
a  series  of  rapids  and  affijrds  immense  motive-power,  which 
is  utilized  in  the  extensive  manufactories  of  this  village 
and  of  the  city  of  Holyoke.     Pop.  in  1880,  2750. 

South  Halifax,  hal'^-fax,  a  post-office  of  Windham 
CO.,  Vt.,  9  miles  N.  of  Sherburne  Falls,  Mass. 

Southham,  AVolfe  co.,  Quebec.    See  Ham. 

South  Ham'ilton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co., 
N.Y.,  about  40  miles  S.E.  of  Syracuse.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Hamp'ton,  post-office,  Rockingham  co.,  N.II. 

South  Hampton,  New  York.     See  SouTHAMPToy. 

South  Han'cock,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hancock  township, 
Hancock  co.,  Me.,  in  Frenchman's  Bay,  37  miles  S.E.  of 
Bangor. 

South  Han'nibal,  a  post-village  in  Hannibal  town- 
ship, Oswego  CO.,  N.Y.,  about  11  miles  S.  of  Oswego.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  and  2  stores. 

South  Han'over,  a  post-village  of  Plymouth  co., 
Mass.,  in  Hanover  township,  on  the  Hanover  Branch  Rail- 
road, 24  miles  S.S.E.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  newspaper  office, 
and  manufactures  of  shoe-nails  and  tacks. 

South  Hanover,  a  township  of  Dauphin  co..  Pa. 
Pop.  1196. 

South  Han'son,  a  post-village  in  Hanson  township, 
Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  about  26 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Boston.     It  has  2  churches. 

South  Har'bor,  a  village  in  Victoria  co..  Nova  Scotia, 
on  the  Atlantic  coast,  71  miles  from  Baddeck. 

South  Harford,  New  York.    See  Harford  Mills. 

South  Har'pcth,  post-office,  Williamson  co.,  Tenn. 

South  Harps' well,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort 
of  Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  on  Casco  Bay,  and  on  a  peninsula, 
14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Portland.     Here  are  several  hotels. 

South  Hart'ford,  a  post-village  in  Hartford  township, 
Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  15  miles  S.  of  Whitehall.  It  has  2 
churches,  an  academy,  a  woollen-mill,  and  2  grist-mills. 

South  Hart'wick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y., 
3  miles  S.  of  Hartwick,  and  about  35  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Utica.     It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  and  some  15  houses. 

South  Har'wich,  a  post-village  in  Harwich  township, 
Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  about  48  miles 
E.  of  New  Bedford.     It  has  2  churches. 

South  Ha'ven,  a  post-office  of  New  Haven  co..  Conn., 
on  Long  Island  Sound,  3i  miles  S.S.E.  of  New  Haven. 

South  Haven,  a  post-hamlet  in  South  Haven  town- 
ship, Sumner  co.,  Kansas,  45  miles  S.  of  Wichita.  Pop.  of 
the  township  in  1880,  1214. 

South  Haven,  a  post-village  in  South  Haven  town- 
ship. Van  Buren  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Michigan,  about  25 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Allegan,  40  miles  AV.  by  N.  of  Kalama- 
zoo, and  80  miles  by  water  E.N.E.  of  Chicago.  A  branch 
of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad  connects  this  place  with 
Kalamazoo.  It  has  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
high  school,  4  churches,  several  lumber-mills,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  nursery.     Pop.  1576  ;  of  the  township,  2105. 

South  Haven,  a  post-hamlet  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y,,  about 
14  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Riverhead,  and  4  miles  from  the  ocean. 
It  has  a  church. 

South  Hen'derson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henderson  co., 
111.,  3i  miles  from  Sagetown.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Her'mitage,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co., 
Pa.,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Reading.  It  is  5  miles  S.AV,  of 
Waynesburg, 

South  He'ro,  a  post-hamlet  in  South  Hero  township, 
Grand  Isle  co.,  Vt.,  on  an  island  in  Lake  Champlain,  about 
14  miles  N,  by  W,  of  Burlington,  It  has  2  churches.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  586, 

South  Hill,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ala. 


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Soath  Hill)  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  oo.,  Pa.,  about 
45  miles  N.W.  of  Soranton. 

South  Hill,  a  post-ofRco  of  Mecklenburg  oo.,  Va. 

South  Hill,  a  oold  and  picturesque  promontory  at  the 
8.  side  of  the  entrance  to  the  harbor  of  St.  John's,  New- 
fbundlnnd.     It  is  700  feet  high. 

South  Ilinchinbrook,  Quebec.    See  IlELKif  a. 

South  Iliuithum,  hin<;'iun,a  post-villago  in  llingham 
township,  Pljinotith  co.,  Miiss.,  15  luiles  S.K.  of  lioston.  It 
has  a  ohuroh,  and  manufactures  of  shoes,  wooden-ware, 
and  hntohets. 

South  Hodgdon,  hSj'dQn,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hodgdon 
township,  Aroostuolc  co..  Me.,  7i  miles  S.  of  Uoulton.  Pop. 
about  100. 

South  Ilol'land,  a  province  of  the  Netherlands,  bor- 
dering on  the  North  Sea,  and  partly  bounded  on  the  S.  by 
Uollands-Dicp.  Area,  1155  square  miles.  It  is  traversed 
by  the  Leek  and  Maas  Rivers.  The  surface  is  flat,  and  liable 
to  bo  inundated  by  high  tides,  but  it  is  protected  by  arti- 
ficial dikes.  This  province  is  traversed  by  several  canals 
and  railroads.  Cattle,  batter,  and  cheese  are  the  staples. 
The  chief  towns  are  the  Hague,  Rotterdam,  Leyden,  and 
Dort.     Pop.  in  1877,  780,656. 

Soath  HolMand,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cook  co.,  III.,  in 
Thornton  township,  IJ  miles  from  Dolton's  Railroad  Station. 

South  IIol'li8,a  post-hamlet  in  Ilollis  township,  York 
CO.,  Mc.,  2  miles  from  Ilollis  Centre.  It  has  a  church  and 
manufactures  of  shooks,  &o. 

South  Ho'mer)  a  township  of  Champaign  oo.,  III. 
Pop.  1510. 

South  Hope,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hope  township,  Knox 
00.,  Me.,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Rockland.  It  has  a  church, 
and  manufactures  of  furniture,  carriages,  sash,  &c. 

South  Horicon,  New  York.    See  Horicon. 

South  How'ard,  a  post-hamlet  in  Steuben  oo.,  N.Y., 
in  Howard  township,  about  62  miles  S.  of  Rochester. 
■  South'ington,  a  post-village  of  Hartford  co..  Conn.,  in 
Southington  township,  on  the  Quinepiac  River,  and  on  the 
New  Haven  <t  Northampton  Railroad,  22  miles  N.  of  New 
Haven,  and  17  miles  S.W.  of  Hartford.  It  has  3  churches, 
B  high  school,  a  newspaper  ofiBce,  a  savings-bank,  and  man- 
ufactures of  cutlery,  hardware,  and  carriage  hardware. 
The  township  contains  also  Plantsville  and  Milldale,  and  7 
churches.     Pop.  of  township  in  1880,  5411. 

Southington,  a  post-hamlet  in  Southington  township, 
Trumbull  co.,  0.,  about  45  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cleveland,  and 
2  miles  W.  of  Southington  Station,  which  is  on  the  Paines- 
ville  A  Youngstown  Railroad,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Warren. 
It  has  3  churches  and  2  stores.     Pop.  of  township,  799. 

South  Island,  Alaska.    See  Seven  Islands. 
•    South  Island,  a  village  of  Georgetown  co.,  S.C.,  near 
the  sea,  about  52  miles  from  Kingstree.     It  is  a  planters' 
summer  resort. 

South  Islands  of  Arran,  Ireland.  See  Arran  Isles. 

South  Jack'son,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Mich., 
7  miles  S.  of  Jackson. 

South  Jerferson,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Me., 
about  18  miles  S.E.  of  Augusta. 

South  Jefferson,  a  post-office  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y., 
about  50  miles  W.S.W.  of  Albany. 

South  Keene,  keen,  a  hamlet  of  Cheshire  co.,  N.H., 
on  the  Cheshire  Railroad,  2  miles  S.S.E.  of  Keene.  It  has 
a  chair-factory. 

South  Kent,  a  post-hamlet  in  Kent  township,  Litch- 
fteld  CO.,  Conn.,  near  the  Housatonic  Railroad,  about  20 
miles  N.  of  Danbury. 

South  Kil'lingly,  a  post-hamlct  of  Windham  co.. 
Conn.,  6  miles  E.  of  Brooklyn.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Kings'ton,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  R.I. 
Pop.  61 14. 

South  Kirt'land,  a  post-hamlet  in  Kirtland  township, 
Lake  co.,  0.,  about  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cleveland.  It  has  2 
or  3  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  grist-mill. 

South  Kort'right,  a  post-office  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y., 
about  60  miles  S.W.  of  Albany. 

South  La  Grange,  a  post-office  of  Penobscot  co., 
Me.,  on  the  Bangor  &  Piscataquis  Railroad,  27  miles  N.  of 
Bangor. 

South  Lake,  a  post-village  in  Leeds  co.,  Ontario,  4 
miles  from  Gananoque.     Pop.  100. 

South  Lake  Weir,  weer,  post-office,  Marion  co.,  Fla. 

South  Lanc'aster,  a  post-village  in  Lancaster  town- 
ship, Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Nashua  River  and  the 
Worcester  &  Nashua  Railroad,  1  mile  N.  of  Clinton.  It 
has  a  grist-mill. 

South  Lancaster,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coos  co.,  N.H., 
on  the  Connecticut  River  and  the  Boston,  Concord  &  Mon- 


treal Railroad,  4}  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lancaster.    It  has 
large  steam  saw-mill. 

Sonth  Lansing,  Tompkins  oo.,  N.Y.  See  MioirAr 
and  LiDRRTrviLLR. 

South  Lawn,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Cook  oo.  Ill, 
on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  19  miles  S.  of  CbioaKo 
It  has  3  or  4  houses. 

South  Law'rence,  a  station  in  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  ot 
the  Boston,  Lowell  St  Nashua  Railroad  and  the  Boston 
A  Maine  Railroad,  26  miles  N.  of  Boston.  South  Law- 
rence is  that  part  of  the  city  of  Lawrence  which  lies  S.  of 
the  Merrimac  River. 

South  Leb'anon,  a  hamlet  in  Lumberland  township, 
Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  from  Pond  Eddy  Station. 

South  Lebanon,  a  post-village  in  Hamilton  town- 
ship, Warren  co.,  0.,  on  the  Little  Miami  River  and  th« 
Little  Miami  Railroad,  32  miles  N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  union  school. 

South  Lebanon,  a  township  of  Lebanon  co.,  Pa, 
Pop.  1783. 

South  Lee,  a  post-village  in  Lee  township,  Berk»bir« 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Housatonio  River  and  the  llousatonio 
Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of  Pittsfield.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
paper-mill. 

South  Lee,  a  post-office  of  Strafl"ord  co.,  N.II.,  on  the 
Nashua  <t  Rochester  Railroad,  17  miles  S.  of  Rochester. 

South  Leeds,  a  post-office  of  Androscoggin  co..  Me.,! 
12i  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Lewiston. 

Sonth  Levant,  l^-vant',  a  post-hamlet  in  Levant 
township,  Penobscot  Co.,  Me.,  13  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Bangor  | 
Lumber  is  sawed  here.  | 

South  Lcw'iston,  a  post-village  in  Lewiston  town- 
ship, Androscoggin  co..  Me.,  on  the  Androscoggin  dirision 
of  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Lewiston 
City.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Lib'erty,  a  hamlet  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa,  about 
8  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Iowa  City.  Here  is  Bon  Accord  Post- 
Office. 

South  Liberty,  a  post-office  of  Waldo  oo.,  He.,  23 
miles  E.  of  Augusta. 

South  Li'ma,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  N.T., 
at  Hamilton  Station  on  the  Erie  Railroad  (Rochester  di- 
vision), 28  miles  S.  of  Rochester. 

South  Lim'ington,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  oo.,  Me., 
about  24  miles  W.  of  Portland.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
carriage -shop. 

South  Lincoln,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.    See  Lincolr. 

South  Litch'ficid,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kennebec  co., 
Me.,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Augusta.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Litchfield,  a  post-hamlct  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa., 
8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Athens,  and  about  26  miles  S.E.  of  £1- 
mira,  N.Y.     It  has  2  churches. 

South  Liv'ermore,  a  post-hamlet  of  Androscoggin 
CO.,  Me.,  2i  miles  from  Strickland's  Ferry,  and  about  22 
miles  N.  of  Lewiston.     It  has  a  church. 

Sonth  Livonia,  le-vo'ne-a,  a  post-hamlet  in  Livoni* 
township,  Livingston  co.,  N.Y.,  near  Conesus  Lake,  and  on 
the  Rochester  division  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  34  miles  S.  of 
Rochester.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Londonderry,  Iiin*d9n-dir'ree,  a  post-village 
in  Londonderry  township,  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  We«t 
River,  about  33  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Rutland.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  carriage-shop,  and  a  chair-factory. 

South  Lowell,  lo'?l,  a  post-village  of  Walker  co., 
Ala.,  on  a  small  river,  about 44  miles  N.W.  of  Birmingham. 
It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  several  stores,  a  saw-mill,  Ac. 
Coal  is  found  near  it. 

South  Lowell,  a  hamlet  of  Johnston  co.,  N.C.,  7  miles 
N.E.  of  Pine  Level.     It  has  a  cotton-  and  woollen-factory. 

South  Lowell,  a  post-hainlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.C.,  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Hillsborough.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

South  Ln'nenburg,  a  post-office  of  Essex  co.,  Vt 

South  Lyme,  a  post-office  of  New  London  co..  Conn., 
and  a  station  on  the  New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartfonl 
Railroad,  or  Shore  Line,  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  New  London. 

South  Lyndcborongh,  lind'bur-ruh,  a  post-villoge 
in  Lyndeborough  township,  llillgborough  co.,  N.H.,  about 
18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Manchester,  and  on  the  Boston,  Lowell 
<fc  Nashua  Railroad,  19  miles  W.N.W.  of  Nashua. 

South  Lynne,  lln,  a  post-office  of  Cook  co..  III.,  on 
the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  10  miles  8. 
of  Chicago. 

South  Ly'on,  a  post-village  in  Lyon  township,  Oak- 
land CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Detroit,  Lansing  &  Northern  Rail- 
road, 34  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Detroit.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
foundry,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  500, 

South  Ma'con,  a  township  of  Macon  oo.,  111.    P.  loU. 


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Sonth  Maho'ningr,  a  township  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa. 
Pop.  1131. 

South  Maiden,  Mnssachusctts.    See  Eveuett. 

South  Man'chester,  a  post-village  in  Msyichestor 
township,  Hartford  CO.,  Conn.,  about  9  miles  E.  of  Hart- 
ford, and  2i  miles  S.  of  the  Manchester  Station  of  the  New 
York  A  New  England  Railroad.  It  is  connected  with  that 
station  by  a  branch  railroad.  It  has  a  silk-factory,  2  or  3 
paper-mills,  and  3  churches. 

South  Manheim,  man'hime,  a  township  of  Schuyl- 
kill CO.,  Pa.     Pop.  929. 

South  Alanitou,  man'e-too,  an  island  of  Manitou  co., 
Mich.,  is  in  Lake  Michigan,  220  miles  N.  of  Chicago.  It 
has  a  good  harbor. 

South  March,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  co.,  Ontario, 
14  miles  from  Ottawa.     Pop.  100. 

South  Mar'tiu,  a  post-hamlet  of  Martin  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  East  Fork  of  White  River,  about  40  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Vincennes. 

South  Meriden,  mer'I-d?n,  a  post-village  in  Meriden 
township,  New  Haven  co.,  Conn.,  li  miles  from  Yalesville 
Station,  and  17  miles  N.  by  E.  of  New  Haven.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  manufactory  of  cutlery. 

South  Merrimac,m5r'r9-mSk,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hills- 
borough CO.,  N.H.,  in  Merrimao  township,  on  the  Wilton 
[Branch  Railroad,  5i  miles  N.W.  of  Nashua.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  saw-mill. 

South  Middleborongh,  mid'd^l-biir-rfih,  a  post- 
hamlet  in  Middleborough  township,  Plymouth  co.,  IVlass., 
on  the  Capo  Cod  Branch  of  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  42 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Boston.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Mid'dleton,  a  township  of  Cumberland  co.. 
Pa.     Pop.  3226. 

South  Milan,  Ripley  co.,  Ind.    See  Milan. 

South  Mil'ford,  a  village  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  on  the 
S.  bank  of  Mispillion  Creek,  opposite  Milford,  with  which 
it  is  incorporated.  It  is  on  the  Junction  <k  Breakwater  Rail- 
road. It  has  2  churches.  Here  are  manufactures  of  lumber, 
machinery,  brooms,  phosphate,  <fcc.     Pop.  in  1880,  1034. 

South  Milford,  a  post-village  in  Milford  township, 
[La  Grange  co.,  Ind.,  about  34  miles  N.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It 
has  a  drug-store  and  a  saw-mill. 

South  Milford,  a  post-hamlet  in  Milford  township, 
Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  33  miles  S.W.  of  Boston.  It  is  on  the 
Milford  Branch  of  the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad. 

South  Milford,  a  station  of  the  Cincinnati  &  Eastern 
Railroad,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati,  0. 

South  Mill  Creek,  a  post-ofiice  of  Pendleton  co., 
W.  Va. 

South  Mills,  a  post-village  in  South  Mills  township, 
Camden  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  Pasquotank  River  and  the  Dismal 
Swamp  Canal,  30  miles  S.  of  Norfolk,  Va.  It  has  a  grist- 
mill and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  150  ;  of  township,  2056. 

South  Mil'ton,  a  hnmlet  in  Milton  township,  Strafford 
eo.,  N.H.,  on  Salmon  River,  and  on  the  Conway  division 
Df  the  Eastern  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Rochester.  It  has 
a  shoe-factory. 

South  Molton,  mol't^n,  a  borough  and  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  Devon,  on  the  Mole,  11  miles  E.S.E.  of  Barn- 
staple. It  has  a  cliurch,  a  grammar-school,  and  manufac- 
;ures  of  woollens  and  lace.     Pop.  3978. 

South  Molun'cus,  a  post-hamlet  or  plantation  of 
Aroostook  CO.,  Me.,  about  45  miles  S.S.W.  of  Houlton. 

South  Monaghan,  Bloonifield,or  Centreville, 
i  post-village  in  Peterborough  co.,  Ontario,  5  miles  E.  of 
Millbrook.     Pop.  100. 

South  Monmouth,  mSn'muth,  a  post-office  of  Een- 
aebec  co..  Me.,  about  15  miles  N.E.  of  Lewiston. 

South  Monson,  miin'spn,  a  station  in  Hampden  co., 
Mass.,  on  the  New  London  Northern  Railroad,  5  miles  S. 
jf  Palmer. 

South  Montague,  m5n'ta-gu,  a  station  of  Franklin 
!0.,  Mass.,  on  the  New  London  Northern  Railroad,  11  miles 
S.  of  Amherst. 

South  Montrose,  montVoz',  a  post-village  of  Susque- 
hanna CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Montrose  Railroad,  2  miles  S.  of 
Montrose.  It  has  a  steam  mill  and  a  manufactory  of  farm- 
liools. 

I  South  Mont'ville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Montville  town- 
ship, Waldo  CO.,  Me.,  14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Belfast.  It  has 
»  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

I  South  Mound,  a  post-office  of  Neosho  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  railroad  between  Fort  Scott  and  Parsons,  7  miles  N.  of 
Parsons. 

South  Mountain,  a  mining-camp  of  Owyhee  co., 
fedaho,  about  40  miles  S.  of  Silver  City.  Here  are  mines 
^f  silver  (argentiferous  galena). 


Sonth  Mountain,  a  post-village  in  Dnndas  co.,  On- 
tario, on  the  Petite  Nation  River,  15  miles  N.AV.  of  Iroquois. 
It  has  good  water-power,  and  several  mills  and  stores. 

South  Mountain  Junction,  in  Cumberland  co..  Pa., 
is  at  the  junction  of  the  Cumberland  Valley  and  South 
Mountain  Railroads,  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Harrisburg. 

South  Mount  For'est,  a  post-office  of  Cook  co..  111. 

South  3Iud'dy,  township,  Jasper  co..  111.     Pop.  584. 

South  Mur'derkill,  a  township  of  Kent  co.,  Del. 
Pop.  4382. 

South  Na'tick,  a  post-village  in  Natick  township, 
Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  Charles  River,  16  miles  S.W.  of 
Boston.  It  has  a  graded  school,  3  churches,  a  museum  of 
natural  history,  &c.,  and  manufactures  of  shoes. 

South  New  Ber'lin,  a  post-village  in  New  Berlin 
township,  Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Unadilla  River  and 
the  New  Berlin  Branch  of  the  New  York  <fe  Oswego  Midland 
Railroad,  about  7  miles  E.  of  Norwich.  It  has  2  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  cheese,  lumber,  <feo. 

South  New'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Penobscot  eo..  Me., 
about  16  miles  S.W.  of  Bangor.  It  has  a  cheese-factory 
and  2  stores. 

South  Newbury,  new'bgr-e,  a  post-hamlet  in  New- 
bury township,  Merrimack  co.,  N.H.,  30  miles  W.  by  N.  of 
Concord,  and  3  miles  from  Bradford  Station.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  manufactory  of  settees. 

South  Newbury,  a  post-hamlet  in  Newbury  township, 
Geauga  co.,  0.,  about  30  uiiles  E.  by  S.  of  Cleveland. 

South  NeAvbury,  a  post-hamlet  in  Newbury  township. 
Orange  co.,  Vt.,  near  the  Connecticut  River,  and  on  the 
Passumpsic  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Wells  River  Station.  It 
has  a  chair-factory  and  a  grist-mill. 

South  New  Castle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.. 
Me.,  on  Sheepscott  River,  and  on  the  Knox  &  Lincoln  Rail- 
road, 3  miles  E.  of  Wiscasset. 

South  New  Ha'ven,  a  post-office  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y. 

South  New  Lyme,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ashtabula  co., 
0.,  4  miles  E.  of  New  Lyme  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

South  New  Mar'ket,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham 
CO.,  N.H.,  in  South  New  Market  township,  on  the  Exeter 
River  and  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad,  4  miles  N.N.B. 
of  Exeter,  and  13  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Dover.  It  has  a  foun- 
dry and  a  machine-shop.     Pop.  of  the  township,  808. 

South  New  Market  Junction,  a  post-office  and 
important  station  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Boston 
A  Maine  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Concord  <fc  Ports- 
mouth Railroad,  56  miles  N.  of  Boston,  and  10  miles  W. 
of  Portsmouth.     Here  are  3  stores  and  a  hotel. 

South  New'port,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mcintosh  co.,  Qa., 
19  miles  S.  of  Mcintosh  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

South  New'stead,  a  post-office  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y. 

South  Norfolk,  nor'fok,  a  post-hamlet  in  Norfolk 
township,  Litchfield  co..  Conn.,  about  33  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Hartford. 

South  Norridgewock,n5r'rIj-wSk,  a  post-village  of 
Somerset  co.,  Me.,  on  the  Somerset  Railroad,  and  on  the  S. 
bank  of  the  Kennebec  River,  opposite  Norridgewock.  It 
has  a  bridge  over  the  river,  and  2  churches. 

South  North'fleld,  a  post-office  of  Cook  co.,  111.,  17i 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Chicago. 

South  Northfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
Vt.,  in  Northfield  township,  2  miles  from  Northfield  Station. 
It  has  manufactures  of  carriages,  chairs,  sash,  Ac. 

South  Norwalk,  nSr'wCk,  a  city  of  Fairfield  co.. 
Conn.,  near  Long  Island  Sound,  on  the  New  York,  New 
Haven  A  Hartford  Railroad,  42  miles  N.E.  of  New  York, 
14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bridgeport,  and  about  2  miles  S.  of 
Norwalk.  It  contains  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  office, 
the  South  Norwalk  Military  Institute,  4  churches,  a  plan- 
ing-mill,  a  ship-yard,  the  Norwalk  Iron-Works,  and  exten- 
sive manufactories  of  felt  hats,  locks,  shoes,  paper  boxes, 
Ac.  The  trains  of  the  railroad  here  cross  the  Norwalk 
River  on  a  bridge.  Steamboats  ply  between  this  place  and 
New  York.     Pop.  about  4000. 

South  Oak,  Hickman  co.,  Ky.    See  Clinton  Station. 

South  Oil  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Venango  co.,  Pa., 
is  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the 
Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  opposite  Oil  City,  with  which 
it  is  connected  by  several  bridges,  and  of  which  it  forms 
the  4th,  5th,  and  6th  wards.  It  is  occupied  mainly  by 
residences. 

South'old,  a  post-village  in  Southold  township,  Suffolk 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  90  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
New  York,  5  miles  W.  byS.  of  Greenport,  and  about  1  mile 
from  Long  Island  Sound.  It  has  4  churches,  an  academy, 
an  insurance  company,  a  savings-bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  fish  oil.     Pop.  1221.     The 


sou 


2508 


SOU 


township  is  a  narrow  peninsula,  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
sound,  and  on  the  S.  by  Peconio  and  Gardiner's  Bays.  It 
contains  villages  named  Qroonport,  Cutchogue,  and  Orient. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  18S0,  7267. 

South  Ot'ive^  a  post-hainlot  in  Olive  township.  Noble 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Marietta,  Pittsburg  <t  Cleveland  Railroad, 
29  miles  N.  of  Marietta.  It  has  a  church,  oil-wells,  and  a 
manufactory  of  salt. 

South  Onondaga^  on-on-daw'g^  n  post- village  of 
Onondnga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Onondaga  township,  about  10  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Syracuse.     Pop.  242. 

South  Orange^  or'inj,  a  post-village  in  South  Orange 
township,  E^sex  co.,  N.J.,  on  tno  Morris  k  Essex  Railroad, 
5  miles  \V.  of  Newark,  15  miles  W.  of  New  York,  and  2 
miles  S.W.  of  Orange.  It  contains,  besides  many  fine  resi- 
dences, the  Soton  Ilall  College  (Catholic),  which  was  organ- 
ized in  1856  and  has  a  library  of  8000  volumes;  also  4 
churches,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  ofSce,  and  manufac- 
tories of  hilts  and  gelatin.     Pop.  in  1880,  2178. 

South  Orkney.    See  Powell's  Qkoup. 

South  Orleans*  or'le-^nz,  apost-hamlet  of  Barnstable 
CO.,  Mass.,  is  on  or  near  the  ocean,  2  miles  from  Orleans 
Station,  and  about  56  miles  £.  of  New  Bedford. 

South  Or'rington*  a  post-village  in  Orrington  town- 
ship, Penobscot  co..  Me.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  Penobscot 
River,  and  on  the  Bangor  &  Buoksport  Railroad,  8  miles 
below  Bangor.   It  has  a  church,  a  ship-yard,  and  saw-mills. 

South  Osborn^  oz'bgm,  a  post-office  of  Outagamie 
CO.,  Wis. 

South  Ot'seliCt  a  post-village  in  Otselic  township, 
Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Otselic  Creek,  about  15  miles  N.W. 
of  Norwich.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  fish- 
lines,  Ac. 

South  Ottawa,  ot'ta-w%,  a  township  of  La  Salle  co., 
III.     Pop.  in  1880,  1289.  * 

South  Ottawa,  a  station  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington 
A  Quincy  Railroad,  on  the  Illinois  River,  i  mile  S.  of  Ot- 
tawa, III. 

South  Ottawa,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  44. 

South  Owe'go,  a  post-office  of  Tioga  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Binghamton. 

South  Ox'ford,a  post-office  of  Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Chenango  River,  at  Coventhy  Station  (which  see). 

South  Oys'ter  Bay,  a  station  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y., 
near  the  sea-coast,  and  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  30 
miles  E.  of  Brooklyn.     Here  are  2  hotels. 

South  Ozark,  Franklin  co.,  Ark.     See  Webb  Citt. 

South  Par'is,  a  post-village  in  Paris  township,  Oxford 
CO.,  Me.,  on  Little  Androscoggin  River,  and  on  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railway,  47  miles  N.  of  Portland,  and  2i  miles  S. 
of  Paris.  It  has  2  churches,  a  savings-bank,  a  cheese-fac- 
tory, a  foundry,  1  or  2  grist-mills,  2  saw-mills,  and  the 
Oxford  Normal  Institute.     Pop.  in  1880,  815. 

South  Park,  Colorado,  is  near  the  middle  of  the  state, 
and  is  immediately  S.  of  the  Middle  Park.  It  is  a  fertile 
valley-basin  or  table-land  surrounded  by  high  mountains. 
It  is  irrigated  by  the  South  Fork  of  the  Platte  River,  and 
by  Tarryall  Creek.  It  is  about  45  miles  long.  Area,  about 
1200  square  miles.  It  has  a  serene  and  delightful  climate, 
and  is  diversified  with  grand  and  beautiful  scenery.  Gold 
and  silver  are  foand  in  it;  also  triassic  sandstone.  There 
is  not  much  timber  in  this  Park,  but  good  timber  abounds 
on  the  mountains  that  surround  it. 

South  Park,  a  post-office  of  Park  co.,  Col. 

South  Par'sonfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co..  Me., 
about  38  miles  W.  of  Portland.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Pass,  Wyoming.    See  Rocky  Mountains. 

South  Pass  City,  a  post-village  of  Sweetwater  co., 
Wyoming,  near  the  Sweetwater  River  and  the  E.  base  of 
the  Rocky  Mountains,  7857  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 
Gold-mines  have  been  opened  here.     Pop.  460. 

South  Peabody,  pee'b9d-e,  a  post-village  in  Peabody 
township,  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  i  mile  from  Newhall's  Crossing, 
which  is  4  miles  W.  of  Salem.  It  has  a  church,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  shoe-factory,  and  a  granite-quarry.     P.  895. 

South  Peacham,  peech'am, a  post-hamlct  in  Peacham 
township,  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  about  25  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
Montpelier.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  starch-factory. 

South  Pen'dleton,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  0., 
is  a  branch  of  the  Cincinnati  post-office,  at  or  near  Pen- 
dleton Station,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Cincinnati. 

South  Penob'scot,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co..  Me., 
on  an  inlet  which  opens  into  Penobscot  Bay,  about  17  miles 
£.  of  Belfast.     Here  is  a  church. 

South  Per'ry,  a  post-hamlet  in  Perry  township,  Hock- 
ing CO.,  0.,  about  22  miles  N.E.  of  Chillicothe.     Pop.  136. 


South  Pitts'burg,  a  borough  of  Alleghany  co.,  P». 
on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Monongahola  River,  opimsito  Pitu'i 
burg,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  bridge  about  liuo 
feet  long.  Hero  are  largo  manufactories  of  iron,  irluM  Ao 
Pop.  3095.  ' 

South  Pittsburg,  called  also  Buttle  Creek  Mine*. 
a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Tenn.,  ou  the  Tennessee  River 
and  the  Sequatchie  Branch  Railroad,  about  30  milM  W 
of  Chattanooga.  It  has  2  churches,  an  iron-furnaoe,  a 
foundry,  a  machine-shop,  ic.  Iron  ore,  coal,  and  fire-clay 
are  found  near  this  place.     Pop.  in  1880,  1045. 

South  Plaiu'lield,  a  station  in  Middlesex  co.,  N.J. 
on  the  Lehif;h  Viilloy  Railroad,  Oi  miles  E.  of  Bound  Urook! 

South  Platte,  plat,  a  post-office  of  Weld  co..  Col.,  »() 
miles  E.  of  Greeley.     Here  is  a  church. 

South  Platte,  a  station  of  tho  Denver,  South  Park  4 
Pacific  Railroad,  near  the  South  Platte  River,  30  miles  S 
by  AV.  of  Denver,  Col. 

South  Platte  Iliver.  See  South  Fork  of  thi 
Platte. 

South  Platts'burg,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co., 
N.Y.,  on  Salmon  River,  and  on  the  New  York  <fc  Canada 
Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Plattsburg.  It  has  2  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  bricks  and  starch. 

South  Plymouth,  ))lim'uth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ply. 
mouth  CO.,  Mass.,  on  tho  sea-coast,  6  or  7  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Plymouth.     It  has  a  church  and  2  summer  hotels. 

South  Plymouth,  or  F^rink'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Auburn  Bninch  of  the  Now 
York  <L  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Nor- 
wich.    It  has  a  grist-mill. 

South  Plymouth,  a  hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  0.,  aboat 
44  miles  S.W.  of  Columbus. 

South  Point,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  Missouri  River  and  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  521 
miles  W.  of  St.  Louis.     It  has  a  saw-mill  and  2  stores. 

South  Point,  a  post-township  of  Gaston  co.,  N.C.,  U 
traversed  by  the  Atlanta  &  Richmond  Air-Line  KailnNid. 
Pop.  3638.     It  has  stations  named  Gastonia  and  Garibaldi. 

South  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Ohio  River,  9  miles  from  Huntington,  W.  Va.,  and  about 
12  miles  above  Ironton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-milL 

South  Po'land,  a  post-hamlct  in  Poland  township, 
Androscoggin  co.,  Mo.,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Lowiston  Junction. 
It  has  a  mineral  spring  and  hotels. 

South  Pom'iret,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windsor  co.,  Vt., 
3  miles  N.  of  Woodstock,  and  22  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Rutland. 
It  has  a  carriago-shop,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

South'port,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  at 
tho  mouth  of  the  Ribble  in  the  Irish  Sea,  15  miles  S.W.  of 
Preston.  It  is  resorted  to  for  sea-bathing,  and  has  a  piers 
mile  long,  and  many  fine  buildings.     Pop.  18,086. 

South'port,  a  post-village  in  Fairfield  township,  Fair- 
field CO.,  Conn.,  on  Long  Island  Sound,  and  on  tiie  New 
York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford  Railroad,  6i  miles  \V.S.W. 
of  Bridgeport,  and  7i  miles  E.N.E.  of  South  Norwalk.  It 
contains  3  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  a 
graded  school,  the  Seaside  Seminary,  and  a  manufactory  of 
paper-ware. 

Southport,  a  hamlet  of  Peoria  co.,  111.,  li  miles  from 
Oak  Hill  Station. 

Southport,  a  post-village  in  Perry  township,  Marion 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  JefTersonville,  Madison  <fc  Indiannpolii 
Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  3  churches  and 
a  high  school.     Pop.  about  500. 

Southport,  a  small  hamlet  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.,  i  mile 
S.  of  Spencer. 

Southport,  a  post-hamlet  in  Southport  township,  Lin- 
coln CO.,  Me.,  on  a  small  island,  and  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean, 
12  miles  S.  of  Wiscasset,  and  about  12  miles  S.E.  of  Bath. 
It  has  ii  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  684. 

Southport,  a  post-township  of  Chemung  co.,  N.Y.,  i« 
on  the  S.  side  of  the  Chemung  River,  which  separates  it 
from  Elmira.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Eric  Railroad  and 
the  Northern  Central  Railroad.  It  has  a  tannery,  a  woollen- 
factory,  several  grist-mills,  2  saw-mills,  <fec.  Pop.  3619. 
Southport  Station  on  the  Erie  Railroad  is  1  mile  S.  of 
Elmira.     Southport  Post-Office  is  2  or  3  miles  from  Elmira. 

Southport,  a  post-office  of  Maury  co.,  Tenn. 

Sonthport,  a  seaport  of  Prince  Edward  Island,  on 
Hillsborough  Bay,  immediately  opposite  Charlottetonn. 
It  contains  a  tannery,  a  broom-factory,  saw- and  grist-mills, 
a  brick-field,  and  ship-yards.  A  steam  ferry  runs  between 
here  and  Charlottetown.     Pop.  160. 

South  Ports'mouth,  a  post-village  of  Newport  cc, 
R.I.,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Newport.     It  has  2  churches. 

South  Potton,  Quebec.    See  Mansonvillb  Pottox. 


sou 

South  Prairie,  a  post-office  of  Stephens  cc,  Tex. 


2509 


SOU 


South  Presque  Isle,  prSsk^eel',  a  post-office  of 
Aroostook  CO.,  Me. 

South  Pueblo,  pwfib'lo,  a  post-village  and  station  of 
Pueblo  CO.,  Col.,  on  the  Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railroad,  2 
miles  S.  of  Pueblo.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and  manu- 
factures of  flour,  soap,  sash,  and  blinds. 

South  Pultney,  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.    See  Bluffport. 

South  Quay,  ke,  a  post-office  of  Nansemond  co.,  Va. 

South  Que'bec',  a  post-town  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Levis, 
on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  2  miles  from  Quebec. 
It  is  one  of  the  most  important  stations  on  the  Grand  Trunk 
Railway,  possesses  a  fine  harbor,  has  an  extensive  lumber- 
and  shipping-trade,  and  is  the  port  of  arrival  and  depart- 
ure of  the  ocean  steamers.  It  is  contiguous  to  the  town  of 
Levis.     It  has  a  number  of  stores.     Pop.  3000. 

South  Raub,  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind.    See  Raub's. 

South  Readiug,  Massachusetts.    See  Wakefield. 

South  Reading,  red'ing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windsor 
CO.,  Vt.,  about  24  miles  E.S.E.  of  Rutland.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Reel'foot,  a  post-office  of  Obion  co.,  Tenn. 

South  Richland,  New  York.    See  IIolmesvillb. 

South  Ridge,  rij,  a  post-office  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0. 

South  Ri'lcy,  a  post-office  of  McHenry  co.,  111.,  about 
56  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chicago. 

South  Riley,  a  post-office  of  Clinton  co.,  Mich. 

South  Riv'er,  Iowa,  drains  part  of  Madison  co.,  runs 
northeastward  through  AVarrcn  co.,  and  enters  Des  Moines 
River  about  16  miles  S.E.  of  Des  Moines  City. 

South  River,  North  Carolina,  runs  in  a  S.S.E.  direc- 
tion, and  forms  the  boundary  between  the  cos.  of  Cumber- 
land and  Bladen  on  the  right  and  Sampson  and  New  Han- 
over on  the  left.  It  enters  the  Cape  Fear  River  about  10 
miles  above  Wilmington. 

South  River,  Virginia,  a  small  branch  of  the  Shen- 
andoah River,  rises  in  Augusta  co.,  runs  in  a  N.N.E.  di- 
rection, and  unites  with  the  other  branch  at  Port  Republic. 

South  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md., 
8  or  9  miles  S.W.  of  Annapolis. 

South  River,  a  township  of  Marion  co..  Mo.   Pop.  728. 

South  River,  or  Washington,  a  post-village  of 
Middlesex  co.,  N.J.,  in  East  Brunswick  township,  on  South 
River,  4i  miles  S.E.  of  New  Brunswick.  It  has  4  churches 
and  several  brick-yards. 

South  River,  a  post-village  of  Rowan  co.,  N.C.,  on 
the  South  Yadkin  River,  9  miles  N.  of  Salisbury.  It  has  a 
tobacco-factory,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

South  River,  a  post-office  of  Rockbridge  co.,  Va. 

South  River  Peak,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  San  Juan 
Mountains,  in  the  S.  part  of  the  state.  It  has  an  altitude 
of  13,160  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

South  River  Side,  a  post-village  of  Gonzales  co., 
Tex.,  22  miles  from  Cuero.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Rob'binston,  a  post-village  in  Robbinston 
township,  Washington  co..  Me.,  on  Passamaquoddy  Bay, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  St.  Croix  River,  14  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Calais,  and  3  miles  S.W,  of  St.  Andrews  (New  Brunswick). 
It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

South  Rock'wood,  a  post-village  in  Berlin  township, 
Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  on  Huron  River,  13  miles  by  rail  N.E. 
of  Monroe,  and  J  mile  from  Rockwood.  It  has  a  flour-mill 
and  a  stave-factory. 

South  Rome,  Floyd  co.,  Ga.,  is  a  suburb  of  Rome,  at 
Rome  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Rondout,  ron'dowt,  a  village  of  Esopus  town- 
fchip,  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  1  mile  from  Rondout.  It  has  a  brew- 
ery and  a  ship-yard.     Pop,  405. 

South  Roy'alston,a  post-village  in  Royalston  town- 
ihip,  AVorcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  Miller's  River  and  the  Ver- 
mont &  Massachusetts  Railroad  (Royalston  Station),  27  miles 
W.  of  Fitchburg.     It  has  2  churches,  a  chair-factory,  <tc. 

South  Roy'alton,  a  hamlet  in  Royalton  township, 
Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  4  miles  from  Gasport.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Royalton,  a  post-village  in  Royalton  township, 
Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  on  White  River  and  the  Vermont  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  44  miles  S.  of  Montpelier.    It  has  2  churches. 

South  Rush'ford,  a  hamlet  in  Rushford  township, 
Fillmore  co.,  Minn.,  on  Root  River,  opposite  Rushford.  It 
hag  2  flouring-mills. 

South  Rutland,  Jefferson  co.,N.Y.   See  Tylerville. 

South  Ryegate,  ri'gate,  a  post-village  in  Ryegate 
township,  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  on  Wells  River  and  the  Mont- 
pelier &  Wells  River  Railroad,  32  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Mont- 
pelier. It  has  2  churches,  and  shops  for  working  granite, 
which  is  quarried  near  the  village. 

South  Sag'inaw,  a  former  post-village  of  Saginaw 
bo.,  Mich.,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Cass  and  Flint  Rivers, 


2  miles  from  East  Saginaw  Station.  It  has  3  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  lumber  and  salt.  It  has  been  annexed 
to  East  Saginaw.  Pop.  1876.  South  Saginaw  Post-Office 
remains  here. 

South  Saint  George,  a  village  of  New  Castle  eo., 
Del.     Pop.  111. 

South  Saint  George,  a  post-village  in  St.  George 
township,  Knox  co..  Me.,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  20  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Rockland.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Saint  Louis,  s?nt  loo'is,  a  post-office  of  St. 
Louis  CO.,  Mo.,  is  a  branch  of  the  St,  Louis  post-office. 
South  St,  Louis,  formerly  called  Carondelet,  is  a  part  of  the 
city  of  St.  Louis,  It  has  11  churches,  a  bank,  a  rolling- 
mill,  3  furnaces,  3  zinc-factories,  a  foundry,  a  machine- 
shop,  and  a  newspaper  office. 

South  Sa'lem,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y., 
about  60  miles  N.N.E,  of  New  York.     It  has  2  churches. 

South  Salem,  a  post-village  in  Buckskin  township, 
Ross  CO.,  0.,  on  the  Marietta  <fc  Cincinnati  Railroad,  20  miles 
W.  of  Chillicothe.  It  contains  the  Salem  Academy  and  4 
churches.     Pop.  about  300. 

South  Salem,  Marion  co.,  Oregon,  is  1  mile  from 
Salem,  and  is  a  suburb  of  that  town. 

South  San'disfield,  a  post-office  of  Berkshire  co., 
Mass.,  about  30  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Springfield. 

South  Sand  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Rensselaer  co., 
N.Y.,  about  12  miles  S.E.  of  Troy. 

South  Sand'Avich,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sandwich  town- 
ship, Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  about  26  miles  E.  by  N.  of  New 
Bedford.  It  has  a  church.  Here  is  a  fine  lake  having  an 
area  of  700  acres. 

South  San'ford,  a  post-office  of  York  co..  Me.,  about 
33  miles  W.S.W.  of  Portland. 

South  Schodack,sho-dak',  a  post-hamlet  in  Schodack 
township,  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Boston  &  Albany 
Railroad,  10  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Albany. 

South  Schroon,  skroon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Essex  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  W.  shore  of  Schroon  Lake,  about  30  milea 
N.W.  of  Whitehall.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

South  Scituate,  sit'u-it,  a  post-village  in  South  Scit- 
uate  township,  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  about  24  miles  S.E. 
of  Boston.  It  has  a  savings-bank,  3  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  boots  and  shoes.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1818. 

South  Scituate,  a  post-hamlet  in  Scituate  township, 
Providence  co.,  R.I.,  about  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Providence. 

South  Scri'ba,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  6 
miles  E.  of  Oswego  City.     It  has  2  saw-mills. 

South  Sea'brook,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co., 
N.IL,  2  miles  from  Seabrook.     Pop.  700. 

South  Seaville,  see'vil,  a  post-village  in  Capo  May 
CO.,  N.J.,  near  Seaville  Station  of  the  West  Jersey  Railroad, 
22  miles  S.E.  of  Millville.     It  has  2  churches. 

South  Se^bec',  a  post-hamlet  of  Piscataquis  co..  Me., 
in  Sebec  township,  2  miles  N.  of  Sebee  Station  of  the  Ban- 
gor &  Piscataquis  Railroad,  and  46  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ban- 
gor.    It  has  a  church. 

South  See'konk,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bristol  co.,  Mass., 
6  miles  S.E.  of  Providence. 

South  Shaftsbury,  shafts'b?r-e,  a  post-village  in 
Shaftsbury  township,  Bennington  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Harlem 
Extension  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Bennington.  It  haa 
some  manufactures. 

South  Shenango,  she-nang'go,  a  township  of  Craw- 
ford CO.,  Pa.     Pop.  1042. 

South  Shet'land,  or  New  South  Shetland,  an 
archipelago  situated  in  the  South  Atlantic,  600  miles  S.  of 
Cape  Horn,  between  lat.  60°  32'  and  67°  16'  S.  and  Ion. 
44°  53'  and  68°  16'  W.  As  far  as  is  known,  these  islands 
are  wholly  destitute  of  vegetation,  except  a  species  of  moss 
found  upon  the  rocks  near  the  shore.  The  remote  moun- 
tainous regions  are  covered  with  perpetual  ice  and  snow. 
Principal  islands,  Adelaide,  Bridgeman,  Smith  Island  (so 
called  from  its  first  discoverer),  Saddle  Island,  Coronation 
or  Mainland  (the  largest  of  the  group),  Deception  Island, 
Livingston,  King  George's,  and  Elephant  Islands.  The 
South  Shetlands  were  first  discovered  by  Captain  William 
Smith,  in  1819,  and  have  been  frequented  by  whalers. 

South  Shrewsbury,  sbrooz'b?r-e,  a  hamlet  in  Shrews- 
bury township,  Worcester  co.,  Mass. 

South  Side,  a  post-office  of  Osborne  co.,  Kansas. 

South  Side,  a  township  of  Wright  co.,  Minn.     P.  165. 

South  Side,  a  post-office  of  Colfax  co.,  New  Mexico. 

South  Side,  a  station  in  York  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Peach 
Bottom  Railroad,  29  miles  S.E.  of  York. 

South  Smith'field,  a  post-office  of  Somerset  co.,Me., 
20  miles  N.  of  Augusta. 

South   So'dus,  a  post-hamlet    in   Sodus  township. 


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SOU 


W»yno  CO.,  N.Y.,  2  otilM  from  Alton  SUtion,  and  about  33 
miles  E.  of  Roohester.    It  Km  a  ohuroh. 

South  So'lon«  a  post-hamlet  in  Solon  township,  Som- 
•rsot  00.,  Me.,  0  miles  N.E.  of  North  Anson  Station.  It 
has  a  uhurub. 

South  Solon,  a  post-village  in  Stokes  township,  Madi- 
■on  00.,  0.,  on  the  Springfield,  Jackson  &  Pomeroy  Rail- 
road, 18  miles  S.B.  of  Springfield.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
graded  school,  Ac. 

South  Somerset}  sfim'^r-set,  a  post-office  of  Niagara 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  :U  iiiilos  N.N.E.  of  ]5uffulo. 

South  Somerville,  eam'fr-v!l,  a  station  in  Somerset 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of 
Bound  Brook. 

South  SpaPford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Onondaga  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Spafford  township,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Preble.  It 
bos  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  suw-mill. 

South  Starks'borough,  a  post-office  of  Addison  oo., 
Vt.,  about  15  miles  E.  of  Vergonnes. 

South  Ster'ling,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVayne  co.,  Pa., 
about  22  miles  E.S.E.  of  Scranton.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
toy-factory,  Ac. 

South  Stet'son,  a  post-office  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me. 

South  Still'water,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co., 
Minn.,  on  St.  Croix  Lake,  2i  miles  S.  of  Stillwater,  It  has 
a  church,  2  saw-mills,  a  grist-mill,  a  planing-mill,  and  a 
manufactory  of  farming-implements.     Pop.  in  1880,  601. 

South  Stock'ton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
North  Riding,  on  the  Tees,  opposite  Stockton-on-Tees,  to 
■which  a  bridge  extends.     It  has  iron-works.     Pop.  6764. 

South  Stock'ton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Stockton  town- 
ehip,  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  about  12  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Jamestown. 

South  Stod'dard,  a  post-office  of  Cheshire  oo.,  N.H., 
about  14  miles  N.E.  of  Kcene. 

South  Stowe,  sto,  a  hamlet  in  Stowe  township,  La- 
moille CO.,  Vt.,  18  miles  N.E.  by  N.  of  Montpelier. 

South  Strabane,  8trq,-ban',  a  post-township  of  Wash- 
ington CO.,  Pa.,  about  28  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pittsburg.  It  is 
traversed  by  a  branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad. 
Pop.  1602. 

South  Strarford,  a  post-village  in  Strafford  town- 
ship, Orange  co.,  Vt.,  6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Sharon  Station,  and 
35  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rutland.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery, 
and  a  flour-mill. 

South  Stukely,  stuk'le,  or  Stukely,  a  post-village 
in  Shofford  co.,  Quebec,  6  miles  from  Waterloo.  It  contains 
a  church,  a  saw-mill,  a  tannery,  and  several  stores.  Rich 
copper-mines  are  worked  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  150. 

South  Sud'bury,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sudbury  township, 
Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Framingham  A  Lowell  Rail- 
road, 22  miles  S.  of  Lowell.  It  has  a  public  library  and  an 
academy. 

South  Snl'phnr,  a  post-office  of  Hunt  co.,  Tex. 

South  Suni'mit,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co..  Pa.,  on 
Bachman's  Valley  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Hanover. 

South  Sun'apee,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.H., 
v>n  Sunapee  Lake,  about  34  miles  W.N.W.  of  Concord. 

South  Sur'ry,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co.,  Me.,  at  the 
mouth  of  Union  River,  about  12  miles  S.  of  Ellsworth. 

South  Sut'ton,  a  post-village  in  Sutton  township, 
Merrimack  co.,  N.U.,  about  24  miles  W.S.W.  of  Concord. 
It  has  a  church. 

South  Tam'worth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co., 
N.H.,  on  the  inlet  of  Ossipee  Lake,  about  27  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Laconia.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Tar  River,  township,  Yancey  co.,  N.C.    P.  344. 

South  Thotnaston,  tdm'as-tpn,  a  post-village  in 
South  Thomaston  township,  Knox  co..  Me.,  on  the  sea-coast, 
4  miles  S.  of  Rockland.  It  has  a  church  and  quarries  of 
granite.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Penobscot 
Bay.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1880,  1771. 

South  Thompson,  t(;rap's9n,  a  post-hamlet  of  Geauga 
CO.,  0.,  about  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Painesville. 

South  Toe,  a  post-office  of  Y^ancey  co.,  N.C. 

South  Toledo,  Lucas  co.,  0.    See  Maumee  City. 

South-Town,  a  town  and  suburb  of  Great  Yarmouth, 
England,  co.  of  Norfolk,  on  the  Yare,  at  the  S.W.  side  of 
the  town.     Pop.  2251. 

South  Tren'ton,  a  station  of  the  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road, on  the  Delaware  River,  33  miles  N.E.  of  Philadel- 
phia.    It  is  in  the  S.  part  of  Trenton,  N.J. 

South  Trenton,  a  post-village  in  Trenton  township, 
Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  about  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Utica.  It  has 
2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  boots  and  shoes,  cheese, 
and  butter-tubs.     Pop.  206. 

South   Troupsburg,  troops'b&rg,  a  post-hamlet  of 


Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  about  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  ComiDg,    I, 
has  2  stores  and  a  wagon-shop. 

South  Troy,  a  post-office  of  Wabasha  co.,  Mins.,  | 
miles  S.W.  of  Zumbro  Falls. 

South  Tru'ro,  a  post-hamlet  in  Truro  townibip, 
Barnstable  oo.,  Mass.,  on  Cape  Cod  Bay,  about  32  niilei  b; 
water  E.  of  Plymouth,  and  on  the  Cune  Cod  Itailroad,  lUt 
miles  S.E.  of  Boston.     It  has  a  churcn. 

South  Tunbridge,  tiln'brlj,a  post-hamlet  of  Orange 
CO.,  Vt.,  2i  miles  from  South  Royalton  Station,  and  about 
32  milos  S.  of  Montpelier.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Tun'uel,  a  post-village  of  Sumner  co,,  Tenn., 
on  the  Louisville  A  Nashville  Railroad,  33  miles  N.E,  of 
Nashville,     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

South  Tur'ner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Androscoggin  eo., 
Mo.,  in  Turner  township,  8  miles  N.  of  Lewiston.  Uranits 
is  quarried  here. 

South  Tyringhnm,  Massachusetts.    See  MoNTEmr. 

South  Union,  yQn'yun,  a  post-village  of  Logsn  oo., 
Ky.,  on  the  Louisville  A  Mem])his  Railroad,  about  18  mild 
S.W.  of  Bowling  Green,  Here  is  a  society  of  Shakers,  wlioi 
have  a  church  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop,  263,  | 

South  Union,  a  post-village  in  Union  township,  Knox | 
CO.,  Me.,  7  milos  N.  of  Warren  Station,  It  has  an  organ- 
factory,  a  foundry,  a  lumber-mill,  Ac, 

South  Union,  a  township  of  Fayette  co..  Pa,    P.  1177.  i 

South'vale,  post-office,  Lewis  and  Clarke  co.,  Montana,  | 

South  Vallcjo,  California,  is  a  part  of  Vali.kjo, 

South  ValMey,  a  hamlet  in  South  Valley  township,  I 
Cattaraugus  co.,  N,Y.,  8  miles  S.  of  Steamburg,  It  hat  a! 
church  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  872, 

South  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  in  Roseboom  township,  J 
Otsego  CO,,  N.Y'.,  about  12  miles  E,  of  Cooperstown,  It  bu  1 
2  churches.  ' 

South  Vassalborough,  vas's^I-biir-r&h,  a  post-office  j 
of  Kennebec  co..  Me.,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Augusta. 

South  Vernon,  New  Jersey,    See  McAfee's  Valibt. 

South  Ver'non,  a  village,  partly  in  Vernon  township,  ' 
Windham  co.,  Vt.,  and  partly  in  Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  on 
the  Connecticut  River,  10  miles  below  Brattloboroiigh,  and 
14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Greenfield,  It  is  the  N,  tenninus  of 
the  Connecticut  River  Railroad,  which  connects  here  with 
the  Vermont  Central  Railroad  and  the  Ashuclot  Railroad. 
Post-office,  West  Northfield,  Mass, 

South  Versailles,  v$r-salz',  a  township  of  Alleghany  i 
CO.,  Pa.     Pop.  2194. 

South'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Litchfield  co,.  Conn.,  on 
the  Housatonio  River,  30  miles  N.W,  of  New  Haven.  It 
has  a  church, 

Southville,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Ky.,  about 
34  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Louisville. 

Southville,  a  village  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  in  South- 
borough  township,  on  the  Boston  A  Albany  Railroad,  16 
miles  E,  of  Worcester,  It  has  a  church,  a  woollen-iuill,  a 
grist-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  boots  and  shoes,     P,  360. 

Southville,  a  post-hamlet  of  St,  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y,, 
about  6  miles  E.  of  Potsdam,     It  has  about  12  houses. 

South  Vine'land,  a  post-village  in  Landis  township, 
Cumberland  co,,  N. J.,  on  tlie  West  Jersey  Railroad,  3  miles 
S.  of  Vineland.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  ol 
carriages,  ropes,  Ac. 

South  Walden,  w6rd?n,  a  post-hamlet  in  Walden 
township,  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Montpelier. 

South  Waldoborough,  w6rdo-bar-ruh,  a  post-office 
of  Lincoln  co..  Me.,  is  on  an  inlet  of  the  ocean  called  Me- 
domak  River,  about  14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Rockland.  Here 
are  2  churches. 

South  Wales,  walz,  a  post-village  of  Erie  co.,  N.T., 
on  the  Buffalo,  New  York  A  Philadelphia  Railroad,  at 
Wales  Station,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  a  church, 
a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

South  Wallingford,  wil'ling-f^rd,  a  post-village  in 
Wallingford  township,  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  on  Otter  Creek,  and 
on  the  Harlem  Extension  Railroad,  13  miles  S.  of  Rutland. 
It  has  a  church  and  2  marble-quarries. 

South  Walpole,  wftl'pOl,  a  post-village  in  Walpole 
township,  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Boston, 
Clinton  A  Fitchburg  Railroad,  about  22  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Boston,  It  has  a  church,  2  cotton-mills,  a  woollen-mill, 
and  a  manufactory  of  Cardigan  jackets. 

South  Wards'borough,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windham 
CO.,  Vt.,  about  24  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bennington,  It  has  a 
church,  a  tannery,  and  a  saw-mill. 

South  Wareham,  wair'am,  a  post-office  of  Plymouth 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Cape  Cod  Railroad,  47  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Boston, 

Southwark,   sQTH'ark,   a  parliamentary  borough  of 


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SOU 


I 


England,  co.  of  Surrey,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Thames,  im- 
mediately opposite  the  city  of  London,  with  which  it  com- 
municates by  several  bridges.  Pop.  208,725.  It  is  the  seat 
)f  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop.  It  is  one  of  the  principal 
jommercial  quarters  of  the  metropolis.  The  principal  edi- 
Joes  are  the  churches  of  St.  Saviour  and  St.  George-in-the 
Fields,  Guy's  and  St.  Thomas's  Hospitals,  the  Magdalen 
Asylum,  Queen's  Bench  Prison,  Surrey  Theatre,  and  Barclay 
k  Co.'s  immense  brewery.  It  sends  two  members  to  the 
House  of  Commons. 

Southwark,  sSwth'wark,  a  former  district  of  Phila- 
lelphia  co.,  bounded  by  the  Delaware  River  on  the  E.  and 
he  district  of  Moyamensing  on  the  W.,  and  lying  imme- 
liately  S.  of  the  old  city  proper.  It  is  now  included  within 
be  limits  of  the  city  of  Philadelphia. 

South  War'ren,  a  post-oflSce  of  Knox  co.,  Me.,  on  the 
fnox  4  Lincoln  Railroad,  IJ  miles  AV.  of  Thomaston. 

South  Warren,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  in 
iVarren  township,  about  16  miles  S.  of  Owego,  N.Y.  It  has 
,  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

South  War'saw,  a  hamlet  of  Wyoming  oo.,  N.Y.,  2J 
uiles  from  Warsaw. 

South  Warsaw,  a  post-office  of  Allen  oo.,  0. 
.  South  Wash'ington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pen- 
or  CO.,  N.C.,  on  the  Northeast  Branch  of  the  Cape  Fear 
liver,  and  on  the  Wilmington  &  Weldon  Railroad,  29  miles 
L  of  Wilmington. 

South  Waterborough,  w&'t^r-bur-riih,  a  station  in 
[■ork  CO.,  Me.,  on  the  Portland  &  Rochester  Railroad,  4 
liles  N.  by  B.  of  Alfred. 

South  Waterford,  wi't^r-fprd,  a  post-village  of  Ox- 
>rd  CO.,  Me.,  in  Waterford  township,  about  46  miles  N.N. W. 
f  Portland.  It  has  2  churches,  a  carriage-factory,  a  card- 
ag-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

South  Weare,  ware,  a  post-hamlet  in  Weare  town- 
hip,  Hillsborough  co.,  N.H.,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Concord. 

South'well,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  and  12  miles  N.E. 
f  Nottingham.  It  has  remains  of  a  palace,  a  noble  cathe- 
ral,  bridewell,  assembly-rooms,  theatre,  and  manufactures 
■f  silks,  stockings,  and  lace.  Pop.  2400.  In  1879  it  became 
i  bishop's  see. 

South  Well'fleet,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wellfleet  town- 
iiip,  Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  near  the  ocean,  and  on  the  Cape 
Bod  division  of  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  103  miles  E.S.E. 
if  Boston.     Pop.  in  1880,  353. 

South  West,  a  township  of  Crawford  co..  111.     P.  325. 

South  West,  a  post-hamlet  of  Elkhart  co.,  Ind.,  7 
liles  S.W.  of  Goshen. 

Southwest,  a  township  of  Warren  co..  Pa.  Pop.  677. 
;  South  West  Bend,  Maine.  See  Durbam. 
I  South  West  Branch,  Ohio,  an  affluent  of  the  Miami 
liver,  rises  in  Darke  co,  runs  in  a  S.S.E.  direction,  inter- 
BOts  Miami  oo.,  and  enters  the  Miami  River  nearly  2  miles 
bore  Dayton.  It  is  about  100  miles  long,  including  one 
ranch.  It  is  formed  by  Greenville  and  Stillwater  Creeks, 
'hich  unite  at  Covington. 

South  West  City,  a  post-village  of  McDonald  co., 
^0.,  26  miles  S.  of  Seneca  Railroad  Station.  It  has  a 
parch,  a  grist-mill,  and  3  dry-goods  stores.  P.  about  250. 
I  South  West'erlo,  a  post-hamlet  in  Westerlo  town- 
hip,  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  about  24  miles  S.W.  of  Albany.  It 
as  a  church,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  grist-mill.  Pop.  147. 
;  South  West  Har'bor,  a  post-village  and  summer 
jBsort  on  Mount  Desert  Island,  Hancock  co..  Me.,  about  40 
'  iles  E.S.E.  of  Belfast.  It  is  situated  on  the  Atlantic 
icean,  and  has  2  churches,  10  hotels  and  boarding-houses, 

lobster-canning  factory,  and  a  savings-bank.  Steamboats 
ly  between  this  place  and  Portland. 

South-West  Keys.    See  Albuquerque  Islands. 

South  Westmeath,  Ontario.    See  Bbachburo. 

South  West'minster,  a  post-village  of  Worcester 
».,  Mass.,  about  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Worcester.  It  has  a 
iiair-factory.     Pop.  about  200. 

South  West'on,  a  post-village  in  Weston  township, 

roostook  CO.,  Me.,  about  1  mile  AV.  of  Grand  Lake,  and  33 
jilos  S.  of  Houlton. 

i  South  West  Oswe'go,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oswego  co., 
|T.Y.,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Oswego  City.     It  has  2  churches. 

South  West  Pass,  a  village  of  Plaquemines  parish, 
M.,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Mississippi  River,  112  miles  below 
New  Orleans.     It  is  the  residence  of  the  Balize  pilots. 

South  West'port,  a  post-hamlet  in  Westport  town- 
pip,  Bristol  CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  AVestport  River,  9  miles 
|.W.  of  New  Bedford.     It  has  a  church. 

South  Wethersfield,  weTH'^rz-feeld,  a  post-office  of 
ilartford  co..  Conn.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  6  miles  S. 
If  Hartford. 


South  Weymouth,  wa'miith,  a  post-village  in  Wey- 
mouth township,  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony 
Railroad  (Plymouth  Branch),  15  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Boston. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  and 
several  manufactories  of  boots  and  shoes. 

South  Whee'Iock,  a  post-office  of  Caledonia  co.,  Vt., 
13  miles  N.N.W.  of  St.  Johnsbury. 

South  White'hall,  a  post-township  of  Lehigh  co., 
Pa.,  is  bounded  E.  by  the  Lehigh  River,  and  is  contiguous 
to  AUentown.     Pop.  2748.     It  contains  Cedarville. 

South  Whit'ley,  a  post-village  in  Cleveland  township, 
Whitley  co.,  Ind.,  on  Eel  River  and  the  Eel  River  Railroad, 
9  miles  S.W.  of  Columbia  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded 
school,  a  saw-mill,  a  planing-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  about  400. 

South'wick,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Durham,  a 
suburb  of  Sunderland.  The  population  are  employed  in 
manufactures  of  glass-ware  and  earthenware,  and  in  ship- 
building.    Pop.  6937. 

South'wick,  a  post-village  in  Southwick  township, 
Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  New  Haven  &  Northampton 
Railroad,  21i  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Northampton,  and  about 
11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
powder-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1114. 

South  Wilbraham,  Massachusetts.     See  Hampden. 

South  Wilkesbarre,  wilks'bir-re,  Luzerne  co..  Pa., 
is  a  part  of  the  city  of  Wilkesbarre,  and  is  on  the  Susque- 
hanna River  and  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad.  It  has  4 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  locomotives,  stationary  en- 
gines, and  mining  machinery.  South  Wilkesbarre  Station 
of  the  Lackawanna  &  Bloomsburg  Railroad  is  4  miles  S.W. 
of  Kingston. 

South  Williamstown,  wil'yamz-tSwn,  a  post-village 
in  AVilliamstown  township,  Berskshire  co.,  Mass.,  about  15 
miles  N.  of  Pittsfield.  It  has  2  churches  and  the  Greylock 
Institute. 

South  Wil'lington,  a  station  in  Tolland  co..  Conn., 
on  the  New  London  Northern  Railroad,  13  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Willimantic. 

South  Wil'son,  a  post-office  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y , 
about  25  miles  N.  of  Buffalo. 

South  Wil'ton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wilton  township, 
Fairfield  co.,  Conn.,  on  the  Danbury  <fc  Norwalk  Railroad, 
at  Kent  Station,  5  miles  N.  of  South  Norwalk.  It  has  a 
church. 

South  Windham,  wind'am,  a  post-village  in  Wind- 
ham township,  Windham  co..  Conn.,  on  the  Shetuekct 
River,  and  on  the  New  York  &  New  England  and  New 
London  Northern  Railroads,  13  miles  N.N.W.  of  Norwich, 
and  3i  miles  S.E.  of  Willimantic. 

South  Windham,  a  post-village  in  Windham  town- 
ship, Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  on  Presumpscot  River,  and  on 
the  Portland  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  11  miles  AV.N.W.  of 
Portland.  It  has  2  churches,  a  powder-mill,  and  manufac- 
tures of  carriages  and  pulp-board. 

South  Windham,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windham  co., 
Vt.,  about  33  miles  N.E.  of  Bennington.     It  has  a  chnrch. 

South  Windsor,  win'z9r,  a  post-village  in  South 
AVindsor  township,  Hartford  co..  Conn.,  on  the  Connecticut 
Central  Railroad  and  the  E.  bank  of  the  Connecticut  River, 
5  miles  above  Hartford.  It  has  a  paper-mill.  Pop.  of  the 
township  in  1880,  1902. 

South  Windsor,  a  post-hamlet  in  Windsor  township, 
Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Augusta. 

South  Winn,  a  post-office  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  on  tho 
E.  bank  of  the  Penobscot  River,  and  on  the  European  & 
North  American  Railroad,  50i  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Bangor. 

South  Woburn,  Massachusetts.    See  Winchester. 

South'wold,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Suffolk,  on 
the  North  Sea,  between  the  river  BIythe  and  Buss  Creek. 
The  principal  buildings  are  the  guild  hall,  new  jail,  a  hand- 
some church,  and  some  batteries.  The  town  has  an  import 
trade  in  coal,  and  a  herring-fishery.     Pop.  2155. 

South  Wolfborough,  woolfbiir-ruh,  a  post-hamlet 
of  Carroll  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  S.E.  shore  of  AVinnepesaukee 
Lake,  2  miles  S.  of  AVolfborough,  and  16  miles  E.  by  N. 
of  Laconia.     It  has  a  church  and  a  blanket-factory. 

South'wood,  a  station  of  the  Delaware  AVestern  Rail- 
road, 17  miles  W.N.AV.  of  AVilmington.  It  is  on  the  lina 
between  Delaware  and  Pennsylvania. 

South  Woodbury,  wood'b?r-e,  a  hamlet  of  Morrow 
CO.,  0.,  in  Peru  township,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Ashley  Station. 
It  has  2  churches. 

South  Woodbury,  township,  Bedford  co..  Pa.  P.  1429. 

South  Woodbury,  a  post-hamlet  in  AV^oodbury  town- 
ship, AVashington  co.,  Vt.,  about  15  miles  N.E.  of  Mout- 
pelier.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a  lumber-mill,  and  m 
sash-  and  blind-factory. 


sou 


b^id 


SPA 


Sonth  Wood'stock^Rpost-villagein  Woodstock  town- 
•bin,  Wiiulhau  co.,  Conn.,  41  miles  E.N.E.  of  Hartford, 
and  4  luiloa  N.W.  of  Putnam.  It  has  water-power,  n  church, 
%  twine-fiustory,  sovcral  mills,  and  an  at^ricultural  hall. 

South  Woudittuck,  a  post-office  of  Oxford  co..  Me., 
about  26  miliv)  N.W.  of  Lcwiriton. 

South  Woodstock,  IV  poat-hamletin  Woodstock  town- 
ship, Windsor  oo.,  Vt.,  6  miles  S.  of  Woodstock.  It  con- 
tains the  Perkins  Green  Mountain  Institute  and  a  church. 

South  Worcester,  wJSOs't^r,  a  post-village  in  Worces- 
ter township,  OtMcgo  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Charlotte  llivor,  16 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Coopurstown.     It  has  2  churches. 

South  Worthington,  wQr'THing-tvn,  a  post-hamlot 
of  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Springfleld. 

Soutii  Wri{;ht,  rite,  a  hamlet  of  Hillsdale  oo.,  Mich., 

9  miles  N.W.  of  Fayette,  0.     It  has  2  churches. 
South   Yad'kin  River,  North  Carolina,  runs  east- 
ward through  Iredell  co.,  and  enters  the  Yadkin  llivor  about 

10  miles  N.  of  Salisbury. 

South  Yarmouth,  yar'milth,  a  post-village  in  Yar- 
mouth township,  Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  on  a  small  inlet  of 
the  sea,  and  on  the  Capo  Cod  division  of  the  Old  Colony 
Kailroad,  79  miles  S.E.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  savings-biink, 
a  high  school,  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  calcined 
magnei<ia  and  carbonate  of  magnesia. 

South  Yuba  Iliver,  California.    See  Dekr  Creek. 

South  Zanesville,  zanz'vil,  or  Natch'ez,  Muskin- 
gum CO.,  0.,  is  a  part  of  the  city  of  Zanesville,  and  is  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Licking  llivcr.  It  forms  the  7th  ward 
of  the  city.  It  contains  a  high  school,  2  Aouring-mills, 
aiid  some  machine-shops  of  the  Baltimore  it  Ohio  Hailroad. 

South  Zor'ra,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  oo.,  Ontario,  2 
miles  from  Woodstock.     Pop.  150. 

Soutouko,  a  village  of  Africa.    See  Sootooko. 

Souvurov  Isles,  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Tagai  Islks. 

Sonvigny,  soo^veen'yee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Allier, 
6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Moulins.     Pop.  1581. 

Souvrct,  sooVri',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Ilainaut,  21 
miles  E.  of  Mons,     Pop.  1510. 

Souza,  soo'zi  or  st'zk,  a  river  of  Portugal,  in  Minho, 
joins  the  Douro  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Oporto,  after  a  S.W. 
course  of  20  miles. 

Souza,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  6  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Avciro.     Pop.  3710. 

Souzdal,  a  town  of  Eussia.    See  Soozdal. 

Souzei,  soo-zfir  or  86-z6r,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Alem- 
tejo,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Estremoz.     Pop.  2000. 

So'va,  a  post-office  of  Cheboygan  co.,  Mich. 

Sovel,  soVSl',  an  island  about  10  miles  off  the  E.  coast 
of  Anam.     Lat.  18°  8'  N. ;  Ion.  106°  24'  E. 

Sovioille,  so-ve-cheel'lA  or  Suicille,  soo-e-cheel'li, 
a  village  of  Italy,  8  miles  from  Siena,  on  a  slope  above 
the  Spino.     Pop.  of  commune,  7115. 

Sowauba,  a  group  of  islands.    See  Eight  Brothers. 

Sowell,  so'fl,  a  post-office  of  Conecuh  co.,  Ala. 

Sowell's  (so'^lz)  Mill,  post-office,  Maury  co.,  Tenn. 

Sow'erby,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  about  2 
miles  S.  of  Thirsk.     Pop.  6079. 

Sowerby  Bridge,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West 
Riding,  4  miles  by  rail  W.S.W.  of  Halifax.     Pop.  7041. 

Sowhatch'ee  Creek,  of  Early  co.,  Ga.,  flows  into 
the  Chattahoochee  River. 

Soy 'land,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Y'ork,  West  Riding, 
4  miles  S.W.  of  Halifax,  with  cotton  and  woollen  manu- 
factures.    Pop.  3264. 

Sozh,  SoJ,  or  Soje,  sozh,  written  also  Soz  and 
Ssosh,  a  navigable  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  govern- 
ment of  Smolensk,  flows  S.S.W.,  and  joins  the  Dnieper  on 
the  left,  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Chernigov.    Length,  240  miles. 

Spa,  spaw  (Fr.  and  Flem.  pron.  spi),  a  town  and  water- 
ing-place of  Belgium,  near  the  frontier  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
province  and  17  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Liege.  It  is  greatly 
frequented,  and  is  noted  for  its  wooden-wares  and  trinkets. 
Pop.  5881.  Over  its  principal  spring,  the  Pouhon,  Peter 
the  Great  built  the  pump-room.  Many  other  springs  exist 
in  the  vicinity,  which  were  formerly  so  much  frequented 
that  Spa  became  a  common  name  for  mineral  baths. 

Spaccaforno,  spik-kil-foR'no,  a  town  of  Sicily,  11 
miles  S.W.  of  Noto,  near  the  S.  coast.  Pop.  8006.  It  has 
many  churches  and  convents,  but  has  little  trade. 

Spade's  (spadz)  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ripley  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  &,  Lafayette  Railroad, 
47i  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cincinnati. 

Spadra,  spad'r^,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  co.,  Ark., 
on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Arkansas  River,  and  on  the  Little 
Boek  <fc  Fort  Smith  Railroad,  106  miles  W.N.W.  of  Little 
Kock,  and  4  miles  W.  of  Clarksvillo. 


Spadra,  a  nost-hamlct  of  Los  Angolcs  co.,  Cai.,  ob  ai 
branch  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  29  miles  E.  of 
Los  Angeles.     It  has  a  church. 

Spaliord,  spSffprd,  a  jmst-hamlct  in  Siiafford  township, 
Onondaga  CO.,  N.Y.,  about  20  miles  S.  by  W.of  Syrncuse.  U 
has  a  church.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  S.AV.  b/ 
Skaneatclcs  Lake,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1488. 

Spatford,  a  post-hatnlet  of  Lafayette  co.,  Wis.,  about 
40  miles  S.W.  of  Madison.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  cheoie. 
factory. 

Spahawn,  a  city  of  Persia.    See  Ispaha««. 

Spaichingcn,  spi'King-9n,  a  town  of  Wiirtcmberg,  21 
miles  W.  of  Sigmaringcn.     Pop.  1917. 

Spain  (Sp.  Eapafla,  6s-p4n'yi ;  L.  IT!*pnn'i<i  and  Jht. 
rta  ;  Gr,  'lanavia  or  'I/3rfp»o  ;  Fr.  Enpiiijiie,  6»*])i?5' ;  It.  /». 
pntjna,  e-spin'yl,  or  Spngna,  spin'yd ;  Port.  Jlenpanha, 
h6s-p&n'y&;  Ger.  Spanien,  spln'e-^n ;  Dutch,  SpuuJtH, 
spin'y^n),  a  kingdom  in  the  S.W.  of  Europe,  forniing  the 
far  greater  part  of  the  Spanish  Peninsula,  and  including 
the  Balearic  and  the  Canary  Islands.  Exclusive  of  these 
islands,  it  lies  between  lat.  36°  and  43°  48'  N.,  Ion.  9*  16' 
W.  and  3°  20'  E. ;  connected  with  the  continent  on  the  N.E. 
by  the  chain  of  the  Pyrenees,  separating  it  from  France, 
and  bounded  E.  and  S.  by  the  Moditerninean  Sea,  Vf.  by 
Portugal  and  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  N.W.  by  the  Hay  of 
Biscay.  Capita),  Madrid.  Measured  due  N.  and  S.  and 
due  E.  and  W.,  the  greatest  length  is  on  the  meridian 
of  5°  45'  W.,  from  Cape  PeRas  to  Tarifa,  540  miles;  and 
the  greatest  breadth  on  the  parallel  of  42°  20',  from  Cnpo 
Creux  to  Cape  llombrc,  at  the  N.  extremity  of  Vigo  Bay,  620 
miles.  The  surface  of  the  peninsula  is  more  diversified 
than  that  of  any  other  country  of  equal  extent  in  Europe; 
its  interior  forms  a  vast  elevated  table-land,  which  in  the 
plateau  of  Castile  has  a  mean  elevation  of  2300  feet.  Thij 
plateau  occupies  almost  one-half  of  the  superficies,  and  is 
nearly  surrounded  by  mountains.  The  country  is  traversed 
from  E.  to  W.  by  five  principal  chains  of  mountains, called 
in  Spanish  Sierrat.  These  are  (from  N.  to  S.) — I.  Th« 
Pyrenees,  extending  from  Cape  Creux  on  the  E.  to  the  Bay 
of  Biscay  on  the  W.,  culminating  point  Pic  Nethou,  11,168 
feet ;  and  their  W.  continuation,  the  Asturian  and  Canta- 
brian  Mountains,  some  of  which  rise  to  10,000  feet.  11/ 
The  chain  which  separates  the  basins  of  the  Douro  and  Tagus, 
the  Sierras  Guadarama,  de  Grados,  and  de  Gata.  Highest 
point  in  the  Sierra  de  Grados,  10,500  feet.  III.  The  moun- 
tains of  Toledo,  Sierra  de  Guadalupe,  and  Sierr.i  Mames,  be- 
tween the  Tagus  and  Guadiana.  IV.  The  Sierra  Morena, 
separating  the  basins  of  the  Guadiana  and  Guadalquivir, 
and  connected  westward  with  the  Serra  Monchique  in  Por- 
tugal. V.  The  Sierra  Nevada,  extending  from  Cartagena  to 
Cadiz,  contains  Mulahacen,  the  highest  point  of  the  penin- 
sula, 11,658  feet,  and  the  Pic  de  Vcleta,  11,387  feet. 

Spain  is  rich  in  minerals,  especially  iron,  copper,  and 
lead.  The  gold-  and  silver-mines  of  the  time  of  the  Ro- 
mans have  been  abandoned,  but  mercury  is  abundant  in  tba 
mines  of  Ahnaden.  Leads  forms  an  important  branch  of 
mining  industry.  Coal  is  found  chiefly  in  the  Asturias,  tho 
richest  coal-field  occurring  on  the  E.  of  the  mountaini 
overlying  the  Devonian  strata;  copper,  tin,  zinc,  antimony, 
arsenic,  and  cobalt  are  common,  and  rock  salt  is  abundant 
in  the  hills  of  Cardona.  The  principal  rivers  of  S])nin  are, 
from  N.  to  S.,  the  Ter,  Llobregat,  Ebro,  Guadalaviar, 
Jucar,  and  Segura,  flowing  E.  to  the  Mediterranean,  and  tho 
Minho,  Douro,  Tagus,  Guadiana,  and  Guadalquivir,  flowing 
mostly  through  Portugal  W.  and  S.  to  the  Atlantic.  Tho 
N.  slope  has  only  the  Niilon,  the  Bidassoa,  and  some  moun- 
tain-streams. The  chief  tributaries  are  the  Esla  and  the 
Pisuerga,  which  join  the  Douro;  the  Manzanares,  which 
passes  Madrid  and  joins  the  Jarama,  an  afilucnt  of  the 
Tagus  ;  the  Aragon,  Gallego,  and  Segre,  affluents  of  tho 
Ebro ;  and  the  Genii,  an  aftiuent  of  the  Guadalquivir.  Few 
of  these  are  navigable,  and  those  only  for  small  boats  near 
their  mouths.  The  only  lakes  or  lagoons  of  Spain  are  the 
Albufera,  in  Valencia,  and  the  Marnicnor,  in  Murcia.  The 
coast-line  of  Spain,  which  has  an  extent  of  1400  miles,  is 
in  general  little  indented,  except  in  tho  N.W.,  where  it  is 
bold  and  rocky.  The  chief  capes  are  Finisterrc  on  the  N.W. 
and  Trafalgar  on  theS.W.,  in  the  Atlantic;  Gibraltar, Gata, 
Palos,  and  Creux,  in  the  Mediterranean ;  Pcnas  and  Orte- 
gal,  in  the  Bay  of  Biscay.  The  climate  of  Spain  varies 
exceedingly  with  elevation  and  position  ;  it  is  warm  on  tho 
coasts ;  the  table-lands  are  exposed  to  great  heat  in  sum- 
mer and  extreme  cold  in  winter.  Many  of  the  mountains 
rise  above  the  snow-line,  the  limit  of  which,  in  the  Pyre- 
nees, is  8952  feet ;  in  the  Sierra  Nevada,  11,190  feet.  Mean 
annual  temperature  at  Madrid,  58.2°  Fahr.  The  annual 
rainfall  on  the  Sierra  Nevada  and  on  the  N.  and  W.  oosiits 


S^A 


2513 


SPA 


is  25  to  35  inches ;  while  on  the  table-land  of  Castile  it  is 
only  10  inches,  and  the  capital  is  often  exposed  to  severe 
drought.  Winter  is  the  rainy  season.  The  most  noxious 
winds  are  the  aolano  (the  sirocco  of  Italy),  a  hot  wind  from 
the  S.,  and  the  gallego,  a  cold  N.W.  wind  from  the  mountains 
of  Galicia.  Frost  is  often  severe  during  the  night  in  winter. 
Earthquakes  are  sometimes  felt  in  the  S.  The  soil  is  gen- 
erally fertile,  except  in  the  elevated  and  arid  districts  of 
the  central  provinces.  Agriculture  has  made  considerable 
progress.  The  chief  crops  are  wheat,  maize,  barley,  rice, 
hemp,  and  flax.  The  wines  of  Spain  are  highly  valued  ; 
the  principal  growths  are  those  of  Xeres  (sherry),  Rota, 
Malaga,  Alicante,  Malvasia,  and  Val  de  Penas;  the  other 
products  are  soda  (from  marine  plants),  honey,  wax,  and 
silk,  the  latter  very  abundant  in  the  S.E.  provinces.  In  the 
S.  provinces  the  sugar-cane  and  cotton  have  been  acclima- 
tized, and  there  the  orange,  citron,  almond,  fig,  date,  and 
banana  grow  in  great  abundance.  The  best  building  tim- 
ber grows  on  the  N.  coast;  the  cork  tree,  the  kormcs  oak, 
and  the  sumach  tree  yield  valuable  products.  The  horses 
of  Andalusia  are  celebrated;  the  mules  and  asses  are  re- 
markable for  beauty  and  size.  Cattle  are  of  good  breeds. 
The  race  of  sheep  called  the  merino  yields  a  great  quan- 
tity of  excellent  wool ;  their  exportation  has  always  been 
prohibited,  and  their  pasturage  is  regulated  by  ancient 
laws.  Goats  are  very  abundant  in  the  table-lands ;  the 
chamois  is  found  in  the  Pyrenees;  and  the  bear,  wolf, 
wild  cat,  marten,  fox,  and  lynx  in  the  different  moun- 
tains. Fish  are  not  plentiful  in  the  rivers,  but  abound  on 
the  Atlantic  coasts.  Its  manufacturing  industry,  formerly 
flourishing,  has  greatly  declined  ;  the  government  has  still 
'manufactures  of  saltpetre,  gunpowder,  cannon,  and  fire- 
arms, tobacco,  porcelain,  and  glass,  but  they  are  mostly  in 
decay ;  and  the  celebrated  sword-manufacture  at  Toledo  is 
nearly  extinguished.  The  other  manufactures  are  of  silks, 
cottons,  woollens,  and  leather.  Cutlery,  iron,  and  copper 
goods  are  made  chiefly  in  Biscay.  There  are  no  good 
public  roads  in  Spain,  except  those  around  Madrid  ;  wheel- 
carriages  are  little  used,  and  much  of  the  transport  is  ef- 
fected by  means  of  mules.  There  are  several  canals,  many 
of  them  on  a  magnificent  scale,  but  mostly  unfinished  and 
unfit  for  navigation  ;  the  chief  of  these  are  the  Imperial 
Canal,  commenced  by  Charles  V.,  e.vtending  along  the  right 
bank  of  the  Ebro,  and  the  canals  of  Castile,  Manzanares, 
Murcia,  Albacete,  and  Guadarama.  About  4000  miles  of 
railway  and  9000  miles  of  telegraph  lines  are  in  operation, 
traversing  the  country  in  all  directions.  From  the  extent 
of  its  coast-line,  its  numerous  ports,  its  geographical  posi- 
tion, and  natural  products,  Spain  possesses  greater  commer- 
cial advantages  than  any  other  country  in  Europe.  The 
'principal  exports  are  wool,  wine,  brandy,  oil,  fruits,  iron, 
lead,  mercury,  and  salt,  with  a  small  amount  of  silk  and 
jmanufaetured  goods,  having  an  annual  value  of  about 
$80,000,000.  The  imports  consist  of  colonial  goods,  dried 
ffish,  salted  provisions,  butter,  cheese,  rice,  cotton  and  wool- 
tlen  goods,  cutlery,  glass,  and  building  timber;  value,  about 
|$75,000,000,  The  vessels  entering  the  ports  of  Spain 
annually  number  about  10,000,  having  a  tonnage  of  about 
1,500,000  tons. 

The  present  inhabitants  of  Spain  are  descendants  of  the 
ancient  Iberians,  or  of  other  races  who  colonized  it  at  dif- 
ferent periods.  Four  primitive  families  are  discernible : 
I.  The  Spaniards,  descendants  of  the  original  races,  and  of 
Greeks,  Romans,  Vandals,  Goths,  and  Alans,  comprising 
nineteen-twentieths  of  the  population.  II.  The  Basques, 
in  the  N.,  one-twenty-fourth.  Ill,  The  Moors,  in  the  S., 
descendants  of  the  conquerors  who  ruled  for  seven  centu- 
ries in  the  S.  of  the  peninsula,  one  two-hundredth,  IV. 
The  Gitanos,  or  gypsies,  one  two-hundred-and-fiftieth.  The 
Jewish  race  has  disappeared  from  Spain  since  the  expul- 
sion of  the  Jews  in  1492.  The  Spaniards  are  well  formed, 
handsome,  and  vigorous,  with  black  eyes,  dark  and  clear 
complexions,  passionate,  and  addicted  to  music  and  games. 
The  nobility  comprises  about  80  dukes,  700  marquises,  550 
counts,  75  viscounts,  and  70  barons. 

The  government  is  a  constitutional  representative  mon- 
archy, with  a  council  of  state;  the  national  religion  is  the 
Roman  Catholic,  but  all  sects  are  tolerated.  The  king  sanc- 
tions and  promulgates  the  laws  made  by  the  Cortes.  The 
Cortes  consists  of  two  co-legislative  bodies,  the  senate  and 
congress.  The  congress  is  renewed  every  three  years,  and  the 
senate  every  twelve  years.  The  senators  are  elected  by  the 
provincen.  The  Cortes  meets  every  year,  and  for  at  least 
four  months  in  each  year.  The  minor  divisions  of  Spain  are 
governed  by  their  own  municipal  laws.  Every  province  has 
its  own  parliament.  The  municipal  and  provincial  bodies 
act  independently  in  all  matters  which  do  not  concern  the 


national  interests.  By  decree  of  the  Cortes,  1836,  all  con- 
vents were  suppressed  and  their  property  confiscated  to  the 
nation.  Formerly  public  education  was  entirely  in  the 
hands  of  the  priests ;  but  since  1838  government  grants 
and  superintendence  have  greatly  advanced  the  cause  of 
education,  especially  since  1857,  when  teachers  were  sub- 
jected to  examination  and  school-rooms  were  built.  There 
are  in  the  kingdom  about  1,000,000  pupils  in  public  and 
private  schools,  there  being  about  60  public  colleges  for 
middle-class  education,  with  800  professors  and  15,000 
pupils;  for  high-class  education  there  are  faculties  of  lit- 
erature and  philosophy,  science,  medicine,  and  theology. 
The  standing  army  consists  of  100,000  men,  viz.,  70,000 
infantry,  16,000  cavalry,  10,000  artillery,  and  4000  engi- 
neers ;  but  the  nominal  strength  of  the  army,  including 
those  serving  in  Cuba,  was  in  1878  180,000  ;  the  navy  con- 
sists of  1 23  vessels,  carrying  554  guns.  The  public  revenue  U 
stated  at  $122,200,000,  and  the  expenditure  at  $120,000,000  ; 
debt,  $2,048,000,000. 

The  following  table  shows  the  area  and  population  of  the 
new  divisions  into  which  the  old  provinces  were  formed  : 


Old  Provinces. 


Now  Castile. 
La  Mancba. 

OldCasUle.  • 

Leon. 
Asturias. 

Galicia. 


Estrema- 
Uura. 


Andalusia. 


Valencia. 


Aragon. 


Navarre. 


Basque 
Provinces. 


Islands, 


New  Provinces. 


Madrid 

Toledo. 

Giiadalajai-a.. 
Cueuca 


Ciudad  Real.. 


Burgos 

Logrofio.  .. 
Santander.. 

Soria 

Segovia 

A  Vila 

Palcncia.... 
Valladolld . 


Leon 

Zamora 

Salauiauca.. 


Oviedo . 


Coninna 

Lugo 

Ore  use 

Pontevodra... 


Badajos. 

Caceres.. 


Seville 

Cadiz* 

Ilnclva 

Cordova.... 

Jaeu , 

Granada^.. 
Almeria..., 
Malaga..... 


Murcia... 
Albacete.. 


Valencia 

Alicante 

Castellou  de  la  Plana... 


Huesca . 
Teruel.. 


Barcelona... 
Tarragona. 

Lerida 

Geroua , 


Navarre . 


Biscay 

Guipuzcoa.. 
Alava 


Balearic 
Canaries.. 


Complete  total 202,370 


Sq.  miles. 


2,997 
5,586 
4,8G9 
7,990 

7,543 

7,082 
2,378 
2,113 
6,770 
2,714 
2,982 
3,128 
3,043 

7,176 
4,135 

4,888 

4,216 

3,0C5 
3,484 
2,688 
1,739 

8,687 
7,018 

6,295 
2,816 
4,118 
5,008 
5,184 
4,918 
3,309 
3,052 

4,478 
5,972 

4,352 
2,868 
3,049 

6,607 
5,872 
5,494 

2,974 
2,451 
4,775 
2,413 

4,069 

845 

728 

1,292 


197,190 

2,200 
2,980 


Pop.  (1884). 


597,698 
355,.514 
205,495 
244,915 

280,075 

348,152 
178,301 
245,786 
160,684 
158,2;i6 
189,'.l-.i6 
189,. •J05 
259,835 

370,388 
209,808 
306,240 

591,007 

616,043 
423,723 
395,066 
461,087 

467,365 
323,474 

620,103 
4;5I,.531 
221,0»)2 
400,110 
434,824 
488,.558 
367,698 
516,203 

469,.^54 
2-22,028 

708,477 
427,818 
301,052 

410,988 
261,003 
253,929 

861,184 
343,847 
291,624 
309,008 

318,765 

200,817 
178,878 
97,912 


16,054,895 

306,847 
304,320 


17,266,068 


*  Including  Ceuta,  9694  inhabitants. 

t  Not  including  certain  possessions  in  North  Africa,  with  2522 
Inhabitants. 

The  peninsula  now  forming  the  kingdoms  of  Spain  and 
Portugal  was  first  visited  by  the  Phoenicians,  and  after- 
wards bj  the  Carthaginians,  who  here  formed  several  ex- 


ffTA 


2514 


SPA 


tablishment*.  It  was  conquered  by  tho  Romana  after  a 
resistance  of  two  oonturios;  they  divided  it  into  throe 
groat  provinces,  vii.,  Taracotieuiii  in  the  E.,  N.,  and 
centre,  limtica  in  tho  S.,  and  Luiitauia  in  tho  W.  Tho 
Yisigotbt  overran  the  country  in  tho  fifth  century,  and 
were  driven  from  most  of  it  by  tho  Arabs,  a.u.  711.  The 
kingdom  of  Purtupil  was  fuundod  in  1U05.  During  eight 
centuries  the  Chrigtiun  princos  wore  engaged  in  continual 
warfare  with  the  Mohammedans.  From  this  state  the 
country  was  delivered  under  Ferdinand  and  Isabclliv,  by 
the  conquest  of  Granada,  a.d.  14U2.  This  was  fuliowod  by 
the  pilhigo  and  expulsion  of  the  Jews,  who  had  possession 
of  most  of  the  wealth  of  the  country.  In  the  same  year 
Columbus  disoovorod  the  Now  World,  and  Spain  became 
mistress  of  the  greater  part  of  America  as  thon  known. 
Spain  renounced  the  republics  of  Central  America  in 
March,  1866.  Of  these  vast  colonial  possessions,  Spain 
has  now  only  tho  following : 


Colonies. 

Sq.  m. 

Pop. 

America- 

Cuba,  wltli  Isle  of  Pines,  &c- 

4:1,919 
3,506 

1,521,684 
754,:il3 

Porto  Bico 

47,615 

2,276,997 

Ooeania— 
Fliilipplne  Islands m. 

115,528 
917 
417 

6,616,232 
3U,0U0 

8,6U5 

116,862 

6,680,897 

West  Africa- 

489 

68,654 

Total ^ 

164,866 

8,025,548 

From  the  sixteenth  century,  Spain  was  divided  into  large 
provinces,  having  mostly  the  title  of  kingdom  ;  but  by  a 
royal  decree  of  April,  1833,  it  was  partitioned  into  48 
smaller  provinces,  each  bearing  the  name  of  its  capital, 
except  Navarre  and  the  three  Basque  provinces,  which  re- 
main unchanged  and  possess  peculiar  privileges.  Napoleon 
I.  attempted  to  place  his  brother  on  the  throne  of  Spain, 
but  he  was  driven  out  of  the  peninsula  chiefly  by  the 
British  army  under  Wellington.    Since  then  there  have 

been  repeated  civil  wars  and  insurrections. Adj.  Span'- 

ISH  (Sp.  EsPANOL,  fis-pin-yor ;  Fr.  Espaonol,  fis'jjin'yol' ; 
Ger.  Spaniscr,  spi'nish ;  It.  Spagnuolo,  sp4n-yoo-o'lo ; 
Port.  HispANO,  ees-p4'no) ;  inhab.  Spaniard,  span'yard 
(Ger.  Spa.mer,  spi'ne-?r  ;  Port.  IIespanhol,  4s-pin-yol' ; 
in  French,  Spanish,  and  Italian,  the  adjective  is  also  used 
for  the  inhabitant). 

Spain,  a  post-office  of  Henderson  co.,  Tcnn. 

Spaitia,  spU'l&,  Sfaitla,  sflt'lJl,  or  Sbeitia,  sbit'li 
(anc.  Sitffet'ula  or  Sufet'ula),  a  decayed  town,  dominions 
and  142  miles  S.W.  of  Tunis,  with  splendid  ruins. 

Spalato,  sp4-l&'to,  or  Spalatro,  spi-li'tro,  a  seaport 
city  of  Dalmatia,  on  a  small  promontory  opposite  the  islands 
of  Braiza,  Bua,  Ac.  Lat.  43°  20'  4"  N. ;  Ion.  16°  26'  7" 
E.  Pop.  11,000.  The  E.  half  of  the  city  is  crowded  into 
the  area  of  the  vast  palace  of  tho  Roman  emperor  Diocle- 
tian, in  which  the  ancient  temple  of  Jupiter,  with  a  lofty 
octagonal  tower,  is  still  perfect.  The  streets  of  the  city 
are  all  narrow  lanes,  but  it  has  several  open  spaces,  numer- 
ous churches  and  convents,  a  lazaretto,  schools,  government 
museum  of  antiquities,  barracks,  and  an  inner  and  outer 
harbor,  the  latter  adapted  for  vessels  of  any  burden.  It 
is  the  most  important  seat  of  commerce  in  Dahnntia.  It  is 
especially  interesting  for  the  ruins  of  the  palace  to  which 
the  emperor  Diocletian  retired  after  abdicating  the  throne 
(a.d.  305).  This  palace  was  constructed  of  a  beautiful  free- 
stone, and  is  said  to  have  covered  9  acres.  A  large  portion 
of  Spalato  has  been  built  out  of  its  ruins. 

Spalding,  spawl'ding,  a  market-town  of  England,  co. 
of  Lincoln,  at  a  railway  junction,  in  a  fenny  district, 
on  the  navigable  river  Welland,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bos- 
ton. It  consists  chiefly  of  four  streets  and  a  market- 
place, in  which  are  the  town  hall  and  house  of  correction, 
and  it  has  a  good  church,  a  grammar-school,  many  chari- 
ties, a  theatre,  a  public  library,  warehouses,  and  an  active 
trade  in  corn,  wool,  flax,  and  hemp. 

Spalding,  spawl'ding,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central 
part  of  Georgia,  has  an  area  of  about  220  square  miles.  It 
«  partly  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Flint  River.  The  surface 
te  undulating  or  hilly.    The  soil  is  fertile.    Cotton  and  In- 


dian corn  are  tho  staple  products.  This  county  is  Inters 
soctod  by  tho  Macon  A  Western  Railroad.  Capital,  OrifBn. 
Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $2,039,33tf.  Pop,  ia 
1870,  10.205;  in  1880,  12,685. 

Spalding,  a  station  in  Kane  oo..  111.,  on  the  Chicago  Ai 
Paciflo  Railroad,  32  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chicago.  ^ 

Spalding,  a  post-hamlvt  of  Menominee  co.,  Mich.,  on 
tho  Chicago  <t;  Northwestorn  Railroiul,  22  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Escanaba.     It  has  1  or  mure  lumber-mills. 

Spalmadore  (sp&l-m&-do'r4)  Islands  (anc.  ^nim'w 
or  ji^niuieif),  a  group  of  islets  belonging  to  Asiatic  Tur-' 
key,  between  tho  island  of  Soio  and  the  mainland  of  Aiia 
Minor.  LaU  38°  32'  N.j  Ion.  26°  12'  E.  Length  of  tbt 
largest,  5  miles. 

Span  berg,  Kooril  Isles.    See  Ciiikotav. 

Spandau,  spdn'dow,  or  Spandow,  sp&n'doi^,  a  toffn 
of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg,  at  tho  confluence  of  the  Spree  < 
and  Ilavel,  9  miles  W.  of  Berlin  by  railway.  It  is  cucloacd  I 
by  walls,  and  has  a  citadel  on  an  island  in  tho  Ilavd,  urcd  i 
as  a  state  prison.  The  streets  are  clean,  airy,  and  spacious.  I 
The  principal  ediflces  are  the  church  of  St.  Nicholas,  a  Ro-  i 
man  Catholic  church,  and  the  former  residence  of  the '' 
Electors  of  Brandenburg,  now  a  penitentiary.  It  hat ' 
manufactures  of  woollen  and  linen  stuffs,  tobacco-pipes, ! 
powder,  and  fire-arms.  It  was  taken  by  the  Swedes  in  1631, ' 
and  by  the  French  in  1806.     Pop.  26,888. 

Spangenberg,  sp&ng'fn-b6ito\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Hesse-Nassau,  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cassel.     Poj).  1660. 

Spangle,  spang'g^l,  a  post-hamlct  of  Stevens  oo., 
Washington,  near  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad. 

Spang'ville,  a  post- village  in  Oley  township,  Berki 
CO.,  Pa.,  8  miles  E.  of  Reading.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
flour-mill. 

Spaniard's  (span'yg,rdz)  Bay,  a  large  fishing  settle- 
ment  in  the  district  of  Harbor  Main,  Newfoundland,  on  a 
bay  of  the  same  name,  6  miles  from  Harbor  Grace.  Span 
iard's  Bay  is  almost  surrounded  by  high  hills,  from  wbioh 
fine  views  arc  to  bo  had.     Pop.  1184. 

Span'ish  Dar,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clear  Creek  co..  Col. 

Span'ishbiirg,  a  post-office  of  Mercer  co.,  AV.  Va. 

Span'ish  Camp,  a  post-village  of  Wharton  co.,  Tex., 
12  miles  S.W.  of  East  Bernard.     It  has  a  church. 

Spanish  Dry  Dig'gings,  a  hamlet  of  El  Dorado  co., 
Cal.,  15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Auburn. 

Spanish  Fork,  a  post-village  of  Utah  co.,  Utah,  58 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Salt  Lake  City,  and  1  mile  from  Spanish 
Fork  Station  of  the  Utah  Southern  Railroad.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  in  1880,  2304. 

Spanish  Fort,  a  post-office  of  Montague  co.,  Tex. 

Spanish  HoI'low,  a  post-office  of  Wasco  co.,  Oregon. 

Spanish  Lake,  of  Louisiana,  is  connected  with  the 
right  bank  of  Red  River,  a  few  miles  above  Natchitoches 
Length,  about  12  miles. 

Spanish  Oaks,  a  post-office  of  Appomattox  co.,  Va. 

Spanish  Peak,  a  mountain-peak  of  Plumas  co.,  Cal., 
about  14  miles  W.  of  Quincy. 

Spanish  Peaks,  two  isolated  mountains  in  the  S. 
part  of  Colorado,  near  lat.  37°  24'  N.  and  Ion.  105°  W.  The 
highest  of  them  has  an  altitude  of  13,623  feet  above  the 
sea-level.  It  is  partly  composed  of  volcanic  rocks.  The 
other  peak  is  12,720  feet  high. 

Spanish  Peaks,  a  village  of  Huerfano  co..  Col.,  about 
40  miles  N.AV.  of  Trinidad. 

Spanish  Ranch,  a  post-village  of  Plumas  co.,  Cal.,  6 
miles  S.W.  of  Quincy.     It  has  a  hotel  and  a  store, 

Span'ish  Riv'er,  of  Canada,  flows  W.S.W.,  and  falli 
into  Lake  Huron  opposite  the  Great  Manitoulin  Island. 

Spanish  River,  a  post-village  in  the  district  of  AI- 
goma,  Ontario,  on  Georgian  Bay,  at  the  mouth  of  Spanish 
River,  150  miles  from  Collingwood.     Pop.  100. 

Spanish  Room,  a  fishing  settlement  and  harbor  on 
the  W.  side  of  Placentia  Bay,  Newfoundland,  7  miles  from 
Burin.     Pop.  115. 

Span'isn  Town,  a  village  of  San  Mateo  co..  Cal.,  on 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  about  25  miles  S.  of  San  Francisco.  It 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  500. 

Spanish  Town,  or  Santiago  de  la  Vega,  sin- 
te-i'go  di  I&  vi'gi,  a  town  of  Jamaica,  on  the  W.  bank  of 
the  river  Cobre,  10  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Kingi'ton.  Pop. 
6000.  It  has  a  oooly  depot,  nn  institution  called  Queen's 
College,  water-works,  Ac,  and  was  long  the  capital  of  the 
colony.    See  also  Port-of-Spain,  and  Virgin  Gorda. 

Spanjen,  Europe.    See  Spain. 

Sparanisi,  ep4-ri-nee'see,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
of  Caserta,  E.  of  Gaeta.     Pop.  2796. 

Spar'kill,  a  post-village  in  Orangetown  township, 
Rockland  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Northern  Railroad  of  New  Jer- 


SPA 


2515 


SPA 


gey  where  it  crosses  the  Pierniont  Branch  of  the  Erie  Rail- 
road, 5  miles  S.  of  Nyack,  and  24  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Spark'ling  Cataw'ba  Springs,  a  post-village  and 
watering-place  of  Catawba  oo.,  N.C.,  6  miles  S.  of  Hickory 
Station,  and  55  miles  N.W.  of  Charlotte.  It  has  a  hotel, 
several  cottages,  and  sulphur  springs. 

Spark'man,  a  post-hamlet  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Tenn.,  5 
miles  from  Spencer. 

Sparks),  a  poFt-ofRce  of  Clinton  co.,  111. 

Spark's  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hardin  co.,  HI.,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Shawneetown.     It  has  a  church. 

Sparks'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  13  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Brownstown.     It  has  a  church,  3  stores,  and  an  elevator. 

Spar'laiid,  a  post-village  in  Steuben  township,  Mar- 
shall CO.,  111.,  on  the  Peoria  Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Rock 
[gland  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  about  2  miles  W.  of  Lacon,  and 
26  miles  N.N.E.  of  Peoria.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a 
jraded  school,  2  churches,  a  distillery,  and  a  mill.     P.  558. 

Sparone,  spA-ro'n4,  a  village  of  Italy,  17  miles  W.S.W. 
)f  Ivrea.     Pop.  2336. 

Spar'rowbush,  a  post-village  in  Dcerpark  township, 
)range  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  2  miles  above 
?ort  Jervis,  and  about  25  miles  W.  of  Goshen.  It  has  2 
shurohes,  a  public  hall,  a  tannery,  3  hotels,  and  5  stores. 
?op.  about  600. 

Sparta,  spar'ti,  an  ancient  city  of  Greece,  in  the  Morea, 
;he  remains  of  which,  on  a  hill,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Mistra,  oon- 
list  chiefly  of  a  theatre  and  a  temple. 

Spar'ta,  a  post-village  of  Conecuh  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Mobile  <fc  Montgomery  Railroad,  94  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mobile, 
it  has  a  church. 

Sparta,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hancock  co.,  Ga.,  on 
he  Macon  &  Augusta  Railroad,  53  miles  E.N.E.  of  Macon. 
!t  hag  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  and  several 
cbools.     Pop.  in  ISSO,  848. 

Sparta,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  III.  Pop.  1950.  It 
ontains  Wataga. 

Sparta,  a  post-town  of  Randolph  co..  111.,  on  the  Cairo 
b  St.  Louis  Railroad,  65  miles  S.S.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  and 
10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Chester.  It  has  a  graded  sehool,  2  he- 
els, a  newspaper  office,  a  banking-house,  2  woollen-fac- 
ories,  3  flour-mills,  2  plough-factories,  and  6  churches, 
'op.  about  2000.     Coal  abounds  here. 

Sparta,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sparta  township,  Dearborn 
0.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi   Railroad,  10  miles 
IV.N.W.  of  Aurora.    The  township  contains  a  village  named 
uoore'g  Hill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1939. 
i  Sparta,  a  township  of  Noble  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  1381. 

Sparta,  a  post-office  of  MoPherson  co.,  Kansas,  about 
4  miles  N.W.  of  Newton, 

Sparta,  a  village  near  the  line  of  Owen  and  Gallatin 
03.,  Ky.,  on  Eagle  Creek,  and  on  the  Louisville,  Cincin- 
ati  &  Lexington  Railroad,  65  miles  N.E.  of  Louisville. 
|t  has  a  flour-mill  and  about  15  houses.  Here  is  Sparta 
tation  Post-Office. 

'  Sparta,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Bienville  parish.  La., 
i  situated  on  a  level  sandy  plain  about  50  miles  E.S.E.  of 
hreveport.  It  has  a  newspaper  office  and  3  churches.  Pop. 
bout  300. 

'  Sparta,  or  Sparta  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Sparta 
Qwnship,  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Grand  Rapids,  Newaygo 
It  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Grand  Rapids. 
t  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  and 
|lanufactures  of  flour  and  lumber.  Pop.  about  500 ;  of  town- 
Ihip,  2103.  Here  is  Sparta  Centre  Post-Offlce. 
f  Sparta,  a  township  of  Chippewa  co.,  Minn.  Pop.  648. 
!  Sparta,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chickasaw  co..  Miss.,  26  miles 
ir.N.W.  of  West  Point.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  seminary. 

Sparta,  a  post-hamlet  of  Christian  co.,  Mo.,  about  20 

iles  S.E.  of  Springfield.     It  has  a  church. 

Sparta,  a  post-village  in  Sparta  township,  Sussex  co., 
jf.J.,  at  the  upper  end  of  the  Wallkill  Valley,  8  miles  E.  of 
ifewton,  and  4  miles  S.  of  Sparta  Station.  It  contains  2 
Iburchcs,  a  public  school,  2  hotels,  and  2  flour-mills.    Pop. 

^out  600.  The  township  has  valuable  mines  of  zinc  and 
in  ores.  Pop.  2274.  Sparta  Station,  in  this  county,  is 
|n  the  Sussex  Railroad,  near  Monroe,  7  miles  N.E.  of 
Ifewton. 

I  Sparta,  a  township  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y.  P.  1182. 
I  Sparta,  a  village  of  Westchester  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hud- 

n  River,  1  mile  bolow  Sing  Sing.     Pop.  about  250. 

Sparta,  Alleghany  co.,  N.C.    See  Gap  Civil. 
,  Sparta,  a  post-villnge  in  Sparta  township,  Edgecombe 
b.,  N.C,  on  the  Tar  River,  8  miles  S.  of  Tarborough,  about 
4  miles  E.  of  Raleigh.    It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and 


a  distillery.  Cotton  and  corn  are  shipped  here  on  the  river, 
which  is  navigable.     Pop.  of  township,  1522, 

Sparta,  a  post-villnge  in  South  Bloomfield  township, 
Morrow  co.,  0.,  about  12  miles  W.  of  Mount  Vernon.  It 
has  2  churches  and  some  minor  manufactures.     Pop.  250. 

Sparta,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Union  co., 
Oregon,  1  mile  from  Bald  Mountain,  and  about  28  mileg 
S.E.  of  La  Grande. 

Sparta,  a  township  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1131. 

Sparta,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co..  Pa.,  about  40 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Pittsburg. 

Sparta,  a  post-village,  capital  of  White  co.,  Tenn., 
about  86  miles  E.S.E.  of  Nashville,  and  3  miles  from  the 
Cumberland  Mountain.  It  has  a  court-house,  2  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  a  seminary.  Coal-mines  have  been 
opened  5  miles  from  Sparta.     Pop.  414. 

Sparta,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caroline  co.,  Va.,  10  miles  E. 
of  Milford  Station,  and  about  40  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Rich- 
mond.    It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Sparta,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Monroe  co.,  Wis.,  in 
Sparta  township,  on  the  La  Crosse  River,  on  a  branch  of 
the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  and  on  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  La 
Crosse,  and  108  miles  N.W.  of  Madison.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  6  churches,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank, 
a  high  school,  3  newspaper  offices,  an  iron-foundry,  a  ma- 
chine-shop, 2  grist-mills,  a  paper-mill,  and  a  large  hotel. 
Pop.  2314;  of  the  township,  3750.  Here  is  a  mineral  sprinir 
containing  iron. 

Spar'ta,  a  post-village  in  Elgin  co.,  Ontario,  12  miles 
S.E.  of  St.  Thomas  West.  It  contains  a  foundry,  a  saw- 
and  grist-mill,  a  tannery,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  400. 

Sparta  Centre,  Kent  co.,  Mich.    See  Sparta. 

Spar'tauburg,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  South 
Carolina,  borders  on  North  Carolina.  Area,  about  900 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Broad 
River,  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Ennoree,  and  is  intersected  by 
the  Pacolet  and  Tiger  Rivers.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and 
extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  hickory,  and 
other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has 
an  abundance  of  iron  ore  and  limestone.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Atlanta  &  Richmond  Air-Line  and  Spartanburg 
<fc  Union  Railro.ads.  Capital,  Spartanburg  Court-House. 
Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $4,336,940.  Pop.  in 
1870,  26,784;  in  1880,  40,409. 

Spartanburg,  a  post-village  in  Green's  Fork  township, 
Randolph  co.,  Ind.,  17  miles  N.  of  Richmond.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  192. 

Spartanburg,  or  Spartanburg  Court-House,  a 
post-village,  capital  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C,  is  in  Spar- 
tanburg township,  on  the  Atlanta  A  Richmond  Air-Line 
Railroad,  73  miles  W.S.W.  of  Charlotte,  N.C,  and  about 
100  miles  N.N.W.  of  Columbia.  It  is  connected  with  Co- 
lumbia by  the  Spartanburg  &  Union  Railroad.  Here  is 
Wofibrd  College  (Methodist  Episcopal),  which  was  organ- 
ized in  1863,  has  7  instructors,  about  75  students,  and  a 
library  of  15,000  volumes.  Spartanburg  has  7  churches,  a 
national  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  high  school  for  boys, 
a  high  school  for  girls,  2  carriage-factories,  and  2  brick- 
kilns.    Pop.  in  1880,  3253;  of  the  township,  7521. 

Spar'tansburg,  a  post-borough  in  Sparta  township, 
Crawford  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Oil  Creek  &  Alleghany  River 
Railroad,  9  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Corry,  and  18  miles  N.  of 
Titusville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  union  school,  and  manu- 
factures of  carriages,  brooms,  and  woollen  goods.  The 
business  houses  of  Spartansburg  were  destroyed  by  fire 
March  7,  1878.     Pop.  457. 

Sparta  Station,  Gallatin  co.,  Ky.    See  Sparta. 

Spartivento,  a  capo  of  Italy.  See  Cape  Spautivento. 

Spask,  episk,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  30 
miles  S.E.  of  Riazan,  on  the  Oka.     Pop.  3662. 

Spask,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  108  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Tambov.    Pop.  6018.    It  has  numerous  factories 

Spask,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  64  miles  S. 
of  Kazan,  on  the  Bezdna,  near  its  junction  with  the  Volga. 
Pop.  2820.     Near  it  are  the  ruins  of  Bulgar. 

Spa  Springs,  a  post-village  in  Annapolis  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  3  miles  from  Wilmot.     Pop.  100. 

Spata,  sp4'ti,  a  small  village  of  Greece,  between  the 
N.W.  side  of  Mount  Hymettus  and  the  sea.  Near  this 
village,  in  subterranean  chambers,  were  discovered  in  1877 
numerous  interesting  antiquities  of  gold,  silver,  bronae, 
crystal,  and  clay,  bearing  a  great  resemblance  to  the  recent 
discoveries  at  Mycenae. 

Spaulding,  spawl'ding,  a  station  of  the  Chicago  &  Pa- 
cific Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Elgin,  111. 


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Spnnlding,  a  station  in  Clayton  oo.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chi- 
oago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  7i  miles  W.of  Nortli 
McGregor. 

Spaulding,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  2.31. 

Spauldingt  a  township  of  Saginaw  oo.,  Mioh.  Pop. 
2117. 

Spnulding,  a  post- village  in  Albion  township,  Jnclison 
CO.,  AVi.'*.,  on  tho  Urccn  Bay  A  Minnesota  Ilailrooid.  It  has 
a  churoh  and  a  saw-uiill. 

SpavinaWf  8pav'9-naw\  a  post-office  of  Benton  co., 
Ark.,  about  40  miles  S.  of  Neosho,  Mo. 

Speak'er,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sanilao  co.,  Mich.,  In 
Speaker  township,  which  is  about  30  luilcs  N.W.  of  Port 
Iiuron.     It  has  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  1213. 

Spear'fish,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrenoe  co.,  S.D.,  among 
the  Black  Hills.     It  has  a  church  and  a  !<nw-mill. 

Spears,  spcers,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jessamine  co.,  Ky.,  8 
miles  N.E.  of  Nioliolasville.     It  has  a  church. 

Spearsville,  speerz'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  co., 
Ind.,  10  miles  N.  of  Nsishville.     It  has  a  church. 

Spearsvillev  a  post-office  of  Union  parish.  La.,  about 
46  miles  N.W.  of  Monroe. 

Spearville,8peer'vll,  ft  post-village  of  Fordco.,  Kansas, 
on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad,  16^  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Dodge  City.     It  has  a  nionoy-order  post-office. 

Specchia  dei  Preti,  8pdk'ke-&  d^'e  prd,'teo,  a  town 
of  Italy,  province  of  Lccoo,  E.S.E.  of  Uallipoli.     P.  2471. 

Specht's  (spekts)  Ferry,  a  station  of  Dubuque  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  Chicago, 
Dubuque  &  Minnesota  Railroad,  12  miles  above  Dubuque. 

Specia,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  La  Spbzia. 

Speckled  (spck'^ld)  Mountain,  in  Oxford  co..  Me., 
near  the  line  of  New  Hampshire,  is  about  4000  feet  high. 

Speedie,  speed'e,  or  Leith  Corners,  a  post-village 
In  Grey  co.,  Ontario,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Owen  Sound.  It 
contains  3  stores.     Pop.  100. 

Speed's,  a  station  of  the  JefTersonville,  Madison  & 
Indianapolis  Railroad,  9i  miles  N.  of  Jeffersonville,  Ind. 

Speeds'ville,  a  post- village  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Caroline  township,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Ithaca.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  2  stores.     Pop.  153. 

Speed'well,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Ky.,  6 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Harris  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Speedwell,  a  township  of  St.  Clair  co..  Mo.    Pop.  606. 

Speedwell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Claiborne  co,  Tenn.,  about 
40  miles  N.  of  Knoxville.    It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  Ac. 

Speedwell,  a  post-office  of  Wythe  co.,  Va.,  about  44 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Abingdon. 

Speegleville,  spce'gh^l-vll,  a  post-office  of  McLennan 
CO.,  Tex. 

Speen'hamland,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Berks, 
immediately  W.  of  the  town  of  Newbury,  of  which  it  forms 
a  suburb.     Pop.  1101. 

Speer's  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Clinch  River. 

Speers'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  Pa.,  about  80 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Harrisburg. 

Speicher,  spi'K^r,  a  village  and  parish  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  6  miles  N.E.  of  Appenzell,  at  the  foot  of  the 
Vogelinseck.     Pop.  3147. 

Speight's  (spits)  Bridge,  a  post-township  of  Greene 
CO.,  N.C.,  about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Goldsborough.     P.  1820. 

Speights  Town,  spits'town,  a  small  town  on  the  W. 
coast  of  Barbadoes,  10  miles  N.  of  Bridgetown.  It  has  a 
handsome  church  and  several  forts. 

Speitche's  (spit'chiz)  Cove,  or  Bar'ton,  a  seaport 
of  Nova  Scotia,  co.  of  Digby,  on  St.  Mary's  Bay,  10  miles 
from  Digby.     It  has  excellent  facilities  for  ship-building. 

Spello,  spSl'lo  (anc.  Hinpel'lum),  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince of  Perugia,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Foligno.  Its  cathedral  has 
fine  paintings.     Pop.  2355. 

Spence,  a  post-office  in  the  district  of  Muskoka,  On- 
tario, 60  miles  N.of  Orillia.  It  contains  a  church,  2  stores, 
2  hotels,  and  a  saw-mill.    Pop.  lOU. 

Spen'cer,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Indiana,  has 
an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
S.E.  and  S.W.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  N.W.  by  Lit- 
tle Pigeon  Creek.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly  and  partly 
level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  tobacco,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Cincinnati, 
Rockport  &  Southwestern  Railroad.  Coal  is  found  here. 
Capital,  Rockport.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate, 
$12,000,000.  Pop.  in  1870,  17,998,  of  whom  16,142  were 
Americans;  in  1880,  22,122. 

Spencer,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kentucky,  has  an 
area  of  aliout  250  square  miles.     It  is  intersected  by  the 


East  Fork  of  Salt  River,  ond  also  drained  by  Clear  Cnt\.  i 
The  surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  com, 
wheat,  and  pork  are  tho  staple  products.  Limestone  ii 
abundant  in  this  county,  which  is  also  liberally  supplied 
with  timber.  Capital,  Taylorsville.  Valuation  of  rcafand 
personal  estate,  $3,991,005.  Pop.  in  1870,  5956,  of  whom 
6851  were  natives;  in  1 830,  7040. 

Spencer,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Ala.,  45  miles  N, 
of  Tuscaloosa. 

Spencer,  a  nost-hamlet  of  Will  co.,  III.,  on  the  JoHet 
division  of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  8  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Joliet. 

Spencer,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  IJIO. 

Spencer,  a  township  of  Jennings  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1927. 

Spencer,  a  post-villngo,  capital  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Wa.shington  township,  on  the  West  Fork  of  White  River, 
and  on  the  Indianapolis  A  Vinccnnes  Railroad,  5.'{  milei 
S.W.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  liigh  school,  4 
churches,  a  national  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manu- 
factures of  flour,  lime,  wool,  Ac.    Pop.  in  1880,  1655. 

Spencer,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clay  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Spencer  township,  on  Little  Sioux  River,  and  on  the  Chi. 
cngo,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  49  miles  W.  of  Algona, 
and  36  miles  E.  of  Sheldon.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newt- 
paper  office,  a  graded  school,  a  money-order  post-oflice,  and 
a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  900:  of  the  township,  1392. 

Spencer,  a  station  of  the  Kansas  Midland  Railroad,  7i 
miles  E.  of  Topeka,  Kansas. 

Spencer,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Mount  Sterling  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Mount  Sterling.  It 
has  a  church. 

Spencer,  a  post-village  in  Spencer  township,  Worcester 
CO.,  Mass.,  14  miles  N.  of  Spencer  Station  of  the  Boston  A 
Albany  Railroad,  and  about  12  miles  W.  of  Worcester. 
Spencer  Station  is  17  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Worcester.  Spencer 
contains  a  high  school,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bunk,  3 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  woollen-factories,  a  fine  hotel, 
and  4  or  6  manufactories  of  boots.    Pop.  of  township,  7466. 

Spencer,  a  township  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1196, 

Spencer,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Mo.,  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Logan  Station. 

Spencer,  a  township  of  Pike  00.,  Mo.    Pop.  1654. 

Spencer,  a  township  of  Ralls  co..  Mo.     Pop.  2119. 

Spencer,  a  post-office  of  Hall  co.,  Neb. 

Spencer,  a  post-vilhigo  in  Spencer  township,  Tioga  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Geneva,  Itiiaca  A  Sayre  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  the  Utica,  Ithaca  A  Elmira  Railroad,  20  miles  S.  of 
Ithaca,  and  28  miles  N.E.  of  Elmira.  It  contains  a  union 
school,  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  mana< 
factory  of  sash  and  blinds.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1884. 

Spencer,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  0.  Pop.  1153.  It 
contains  the  village  of  Spenceiiville  (which  see). 

Spencer,  a  township  of  Guernsey  co.,  0.     Pop.  1359. 

Spencer,  a  township  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.     Pop.  2543. 

Spencer,  a  township  of  Lucas  co.,  0.     Pop.  053. 

Spencer,  a  station  in  Lucas  co.,  0.,  on  the  Lake  ."^hort 
A  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Toledo. 

Spencer,  a  post-hamlet  in  Spencer  townshij),  Medina 
CO.,  0.,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Wellington,  and  about  38  wiles 
S.W.  of  Cleveland.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  2  churches. 
Pop.  of  township,  929. 

Spencer,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Van  Buren  co., 
Tenn.,  about  80  miles  E.S.E.  of  Nashville.  It  contains  a 
church,  and  a  school  called  Burritt  College. 

Spencer,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Roane  co.,  W.  Va., 
about  40  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Parkersburg.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  tannery,  a  grist-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  226. 

Spencer,  a  post-village  in  Brighton  township,  Mara- 
thon CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  105  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Menasha.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Spencer  Brook,  a  post- village  in  Spencer  Brook 
township,  Isanti  co.,  Minn.,  near  the  great  pinery,  on  Rum 
River,  about  44  miles  N.N.W.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  2 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  461. 

Spen'cerburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co..  Mo.,  about 
22  miles  S.  of  Hannibal.  It  has  a  churoh,  a  grist-mill,  a 
woollen-mill,  and  a  plough-factory. 

Spencer  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Antrim  co.,  Mich, 
about  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Traverse  City. 

Spencer  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Lane  co.,  Oregon. 

Spencer  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Polk  township,  4  raties  W.  of  Walker. 

Spencer  Gulf,  a  large  bay  of  South  Australia,  between 
lat.  32°  30'  and  35°  S.  and  Ion.  136°  and  138°  E.  Length 
inland,  200  miles.  Breadth,  80  miles.  In  it  are  Hardwick* 
Bay  and  Port  Lincoln. 


SPE 


261T 


SPI 


Spen'cerport,  a  post-village  in  Ogden  township,  Mon- 
roe CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie  Canal,  and  on  the  New  York  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  9  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Rochester.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  bank,  2  flour-mills,  a  graded  school,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  2  barrel-factories.     Pop.  in  IS80,  670. 

Spencer's  3Iiil;  a  post-office  of  Kent  co.,  Mich. 

Spencer's  31111,  a  post-office  of  Dickson  co.,  Tenn. 

Spencer  Springs,  a.  summer  resort  in  Spencer  town- 
ship, Tioga  CO.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  from  Spencer  Station.  Here 
are  chalybeate  and  sulphur  springs,  and  a  hotel. 

Spencer's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Guernsey  co., 
0.,  on  the  Central  Ohio  division  of  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio 
Railroad,  18  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Cambridge. 

Spencer's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Henry  co.,  Va. 

Speu'certown,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y., 
ts  in  a  beautiful  valley  in  Austerlitz  township,  on  Punsit 
Creek,  28  miles  S.S.E.  of  Albany.  It  contains  2  churches 
and  an  academy  or  union  school. 

Spencerville,  Illinois.     See  Annapolis. 

Spen'cerville,  a  post-village  in  Concord  township,  De 
Kalb  CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  St.  Joseph  River  (of  the  Maumee), 
18  miles  N.E.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  flour-mill,  and  4  stores.     Pop.  about  450. 

Spencerville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md., 
about  25  miles  S.AV.  of  Baltimore. 

Spencerville,  or  Spencer,  a  post-village  in  Spencer 
township,  Allen  co.,  0.,  on  the  Miami  Canal,  and  on  the 
Toledo,  Delphos  &  Burlington  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Del- 
phos.  It  has  several  churches,  a  union  school,  and  manu- 
factures of  flour,  woollen  goods,  sash  and  doors,  <fec.    P.  532. 

Spen'cerville,  a  post-village  in  Grenville  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  St.  Lawrence  <fc  Ottawa  Railway,  9  miles  N.  of  Pros- 
cott.     It  contains  several  stores  and  mills.     Pop.  250. 

Spence's,  a  station  in  Monterey  co..  Cal.,  on  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Salinas.  P.  75. 

Spence's  Bridge,  a  post-town  of  British  Columbia, 
80  miles  N.  of  Yale,  and  on  Thompson  River,  23  miles 
above  its  junction  with  the  Eraser  River,  at  Lytton. 

Spenceville,  spenss'vll,  a  hamlet  of  Nevada  co.,  Cal., 
about  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Grass  Valley.     It  has  a  church. 

Spe'onk,  a  post-village  in  Southampton  township, 
Suffolk  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  an  inlet  of  the  ocean,  and  on  the  Sag 
Harbor  Branch  Railroad,  73  miles  E.  of  New  York,  and 
about  8  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Riverhead.  It  has  1  or  2  churches 
and  a  summer  boarding-house.     Pop.  174. 

Sperchius,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Hellada. 

Sperlonga,  spJu-lon'gd,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
iCascrta,  on  the  coast,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Gaeta.  Pop.  1583. 
[  Sper'ry,  a  township  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1119. 
'  Sperry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Des  Moines  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  <fc  Northern  Railroad,  12  miles 
N.  of  Burlington. 

Sperry's  Mills,  a  station  in  Doddridge  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Middle  Island  Railroad,  16  miles  from  Smithton. 

Sper'ryville,  a  post-village  of  Rappahannock  co.,  Va., 
about  40  miles  S.  of  Winchester.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
tannery. 

Spesshardt,  spfiss'hant,  Spessart,  spSs'sant,  or 
|Spes8art-Wald,  sp6s'sant-<^ilt',  a  mountain-range  of 
Germany,  commences  in  the  N.W.  of  Bavaria,  and  extends 
N.N.E.  till  it  joins  the  W.  extremity  of  the  Rhcingebirge. 

Spey,  spi,  a  river  of  Scotland,  cos.  of  Inverness,  Banff", 
and  Moray,  rises  between  Cadenoch  and  Lochaber,  expands 
into  Loch  Spey  about  6  miles  N.  of  Loch  Laggan,  flows 
N.E.,  and  enters  Moray  Firth  4  miles  W.  of  Port  Gordon. 
Length,  110  miles. 

Speyer,  or  Speier,  spl'^r  or  spire,  often  written 
Spire  and  Spires  (anc.  A'oyi'ont'aijiKs,  afterwards  Neme'- 
tea),  a  city,  capital  of  Rhenish  Bavaria,  on  the  Rhine,  at 
the  influx  of  the  Speyerbach,  IG-i  miles  N.E.  of  Landau, 
on  a  branch  railway  to  Mannheim.  Lat.  49°  18'  55"  N. ; 
jlon.  8°  26'  37"  E.  Pop.  14,100,  of  whom  about  one-third 
tare  Roman  Catholics.  It  occupies  a  large  space,  enclosed 
by  walls,  and  has  a  cathedral  containing  the  tombs  of  many 
German  emperors,  the  remains  of  an  old  palace,  a  city 
hall,  gymnasium,  orphan  asylum,  house  of  correction,  for- 
est school,  botanic  garden,  museum  of  antiquities,  manu- 
factures of  vinegar  and  tobacco,  sugar-refineries,  and  an 
extensive  commerce  and  transit  trade  on  the  river.  It  is  a 
Roman  Catholic  bishop's  see.  At  the  Diet  of  Spires,  held 
in  1529,  the  protest  was  made  which  originated  the  desig- 
nation of  Protestants.  Noviomagus,  once  an  important 
Roman  station,  was  in  the  Middle  Ages  the  residence  of 
many  German  emperors. 

Speyerbach,  spi'§r-biK\  or  Spire,  ariver  of  Rhenish 
Bavaria,  flows  E.,  and  joins  the  Rhine  at  Speyer.  Length, 
■40  miles.  u    ,  v 


Speyside,  spa'sid^  a  post-village  in  Halton  co.,  On-r 
tario,  on  Speyside  Creek,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Acton  West.  It 
has  a  store,  a  hotel,  a  tannery,  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  200. 

Spezia,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  La  Spezia. 

Spezzano  -  Aibanese,  sp6t-si'no-il-bi-n4'si,  or 
Spezzanello,sp§t-sa-nfirio,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Calabria, 

10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Castrovillari.     Pop.  4348. 
Spezzano  Grande,  sp^t-si'no  gr&n'di,  a  village  of 

Italy,  province  and  E.N.E.  of  Cosenza.     Pop.  2042. 

Spezzia,  spfit'se-i,  an  island  of  Greece,  government  af 
Argolis,  off"  its  S.  coast,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Gulf  of 
Nauplia,  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Hydra.  Area,  26  square 
miles.  Pop.  8443.  Its  inhabitants  devote  themselves  to 
commerce  and  navigation.  Spezzia  is  remarkable  for  the 
salubrity  of  its  climate  and  the  beauty  of  its  women.  The 
town  of  Spezzia  is  on  its  N.E.  shore.  Pop.  3000.  Pulo 
Spezzia  ("  Little  Spezzia")  is  an  islet  off  the  S.E.  side  of 
the  above  island. 

Sphncria,  an  ancient  name  of  Poros. 

Sphagia,  sfi-ghee'i  (anc.  Sphacterin),  an  island  of 
Greece,  off"  the  S.W.  coast  of  the  Morea,  in  front  of  the 
harbor  of  Navarino.  Length,  3  miles;  breadth,  half  a 
mile.  It  is  separated  into  three  or  four  sections  by  narrow 
channels  passable  by  boats. 

Sphakia,  sfi-kee'i,  a  town  of  Crete,  on  its  S.  coast,  43 
miles  from  its  AV.  extremity.     Pop.  1000. 

Spice  Islands,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Moluccas. 

Spiceland,  spiss'land,  a  post-village  in  Spiceland 
township,  Henry  co.,  Ind.,  about  30  miles  W.  of  Richmond, 
8  miles  S.S.W.  of  New  Castle,  and  2  miles  N.  of  Dunreith 
Station.  It  contains  an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  2 
churches,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  manufactures  of  pumps  and 
washing-machines.     Pop.  in  1880,  527;  of  township,  2039. 

Spi'cerville,  a  hamlet  of  Eaton  co.,  Mich.,  in  Hamlin 
township,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Charlotte.  It  has  a  grist-mill 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Spice  Valley,  township,  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.    P.  1939. 

Spick'ardsville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Franklin  township, 
Grundy  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific 
Railroad  (Spickards  Station),  llj  miles  N.  of  Trenton.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  saw-mill. 

Spielberg,  a  city  of  Moravia.    See  BrUnn. 

Spieroe,  spee'^h-rci^^h,  an  island  of  Norway,  at  the 
entrance  of  the  Gulf  of  Christiania,  in  lat.  59°  4'  N. 

Spiers,  specrz,  or  Station  Eleven,  a  village  of  Jef- 
ferson CO.,  Ga.,  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia,  lOi 
miles  S.W.  of  Louisville.     Pop.  200. 

Spietz,  speets,  a  village  and  parish  of  Switzerland,  24 
miles  S.E.  of  Bern,  near  the  Lnke  of  Thun.     Pop.  2077. 

Spig'got  (or  Spick'et)  River,  a  small  stream,  rises 
in  Rockingham  co.,  N.H.,  and  falls  into  the  Merrimao 
River  at  Lawrence,  Mass. 

Spigno,  speen'yo,  a  small  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont 

11  miles  S.W.  of  Acqui,  on  the  Bormida.     Pop.  3335. 
Spike  Island,  an  island  on  the  W.  side  of  Cork  Har- 
bor, Ireland,  i  mile  S.  of  Queenstown.   Strong  fortifications 
have  been  erected  here  for  the  protection  of  the  harbor. 

Spikeroog,  spee'k§r-og,  or  Spiker-Oge,  spee'k^r- 
o'gh^h,  an  island  of  Germany,  in  the  North  Sea,  4  miles 
W.  of  Wangeroog,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Weser. 

Spilimbergo,  spe-llm-bfin'go,  a  town  of  Italy,  15 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Udino,  on  the  Tagliamento.     Pop.  2330. 

Spilimberto,  spe-lim-b5R'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  7  miles 
S.E.  of  Modena,  on  the  Panaro. 

Spill'ville,  a  post-village  in  Calmar  township,  Winne- 
shiek CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Turkey  River,  about  12  miles  S.AV. 
of  Decorah.  It  has  2  churches,  2  flour-mills,  2  breweries, 
and  a  money-order  post-office. 

Spils'by,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lincoln,  28  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Lincoln.  It  hiis  a  town  hall,  a  market-cross,  a 
handsome  church,  a  subscription  library,  and  a  free  school. 
Pop.  of  parish,  1623. 

Spinazzola,  spe-nit'so-li,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
of  Bari,  7  miles  S.  of  Minervino.     Pop.  9900. 

Spinges,  sping'^s  or  sping'gh^s,  a  village  of  Austria, 
in  Tyrol,  12  miles  from  Brixcp. 

Spink,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  South  Dakot.a, 
has  an  area  of  1505  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Dakota  or  James  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level. 
Capital,  Redfield.     Pop.  in  1880,  477;  in  1890,  10,581. 

Spin'nerstown,  a  post-hamlet  in  Milford  township, 
Bucks  CO.,  Pa.,  about  12  miles  S.  of  Allentown.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Spin'neyville,  a  post-village  and  watering-place  of 
Scott  CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  7  miles  below 
Davenport.     It  has  several  churches  and  a  mineral  spring. 

Spinoso,  spe-no'so,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basilicat.a,  \i 


wn 


2518 


SPO 


milea  N.E.  of  Lagonegro.  Near  it  is  a  magnificent  Roman 
bridge.     Pop.  2648. 

Spirnuo,  spo-r&'no,  a  Tillage  of  Italj,  province  and  9 
miles  S.  of  Uergamo.     Pop.  1083. 

Spirdingf  spSSa'ding,  a  lake  of  East  Prussia,  goTorn- 
ment  of  Oumbinnen,  S.E.  of  Nilcolailien,  11  miles  in  lengtli. 

Spire,  a  river  of  Rhenish  Bavaria.    See  SpEriRBACH. 

Spire,  or  Spires.    See  Spkyer. 

Spii'it  Creek,  of  Richmond  co.,  Ga.,  flows  E.  into  the 
Savannah  River. 

Spirit  Lake,  Diolcinson  co.,  Iowa,  is  said  to  be  the 
largest  lake  in  the  state.     It  is  about  10  miles  long. 

Spirit  Lake,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dickinson  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  W.  shore  of  East  Okoboji  Lake,  in  Centre 
Grove  township,  1  mile  S.  of  Spirit  Lake,  and  about  60 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Algona.  It  has  a  newspaper  oflSco,  1  or 
2  churches,  and  a  money-order  post-oSBce. 

Spirit  Lake,  township,  Dickinson  co.,  Iowa.     P.  278. 

Spirito  Sancto.    §ee  Espiritu  Santo. 

Spirit  River,  a  small  stream  of  Marathon  co.,  Wis., 
runs  eastward,  and  enters  the  Wisconsin  River. 

Spital,  spit'&I,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Carintbia,  21 
miles  N.W.  of  Villivch,  on  the  Drave.     Pon.  1496. 

Spit'alfields,  a  quarter  of  the  British  metropolis,  oo. 
of  Middlesex,  immediately  on  the  N.E.  side  of  the  city  of 
London.  It  is  a  principal  seat  of  the  silk-manufacture  in 
England.     Pop.  20,783. 

Spit'head,  a  roadstead  off  the  S.  coast  of  England,  co. 
of  Hants,  between  Portsea  Island  and  the  Isle  of  Wight. 
It  communicates  W.  with  the  Solent  and  Southampton 
Water.  It  is  very  secure,  and  is  a  rendezvous  of  the  British 
navy.     Portsmouth  and  Ryde  are  on  its  opposite  sides. 

Spiti,  spit'tee  or  spee'tee,  a  district  of  the  Punjab,  In- 
dia, near  where  the  Sutlej  breaks  through  the  Himalayas, 
between  lat.  32«>  and  33°  N.,  Ion.  78°  E.,  surrounded  by 
Ladakh,  Bussaher,  the  Chinese  territory,  Ac.  Its  villages 
are  from  12,000  to  12,500  feet  above  the  sea.  The  inhabit- 
ants are  of  the  Tartar  race,  and  Booddhists. 

Spiti  River,  the  W.  branch  of  the  Sutlej,  above  the 
Himalayas,  joins  the  main  stream  in  lat.  31°  48'  N.,  Ion. 
78°  38'  E. 

Spitz,  spits,  a  town  of  Austria,  on  the  Danube,  8  miles 
S.AV,  of  Stein.  Pop.  2067.  It  has  iron-factories  and  a 
trade  in  timber  and  vinegar. 

Spitzbergen,  spits-b^rg'^n,  a  group  of  islands  in  the 
Arctic  Ocean,  midway  between  Greenland  and  Nova  Zem- 
bla.  Lat.  80°  N. ;  Ion.  20°  30'  E.  This  archipelago  is 
usually  classed  among  European  islands,  and  is  claimed  by 
Russia  as  a  dependency  of  its  empire.  The  archipelago  is 
composed  of  3  large  and  numerous  small  islands.  Near  its 
N.  extremity  is  the  group  of  7  islands,  or  Seven  Sisters. 
The  large  islands  are  Spitzbergen  proper.  Northeast  Land 
and  Southeast  Land,  or  New  Friesland,  Prince  Charles 
Foreland,  Stans  Foreland,  and  Wyche  Island.  Very  little 
is  known  of  the  interior  of  these  islands,  but  the  coasts  pre- 
sent immense  glaciers  and  mountain-chains  bristling  with 
granite  peaks,  many  of  which  exceed  4000  feet  in  height. 
Between  the  mountains  and  the  shore  a  narrow  belt  of  low 
land  often  intervenes,  but  frequently  the  ridges  reach  down 
to  the  coast  and  form  precipitous  cliffs,  which  seem  to  over- 
hang the  ocean.  The  climate  is  intensely  cold,  and  vege- 
tation is  confined  to  a  few  plants  of  rapid  growth,  which  do 
not  rise  above  3  or  4  inches,  and  for  the  most  part  spring 
up,  flower,  and  seed,  in  a  month  or  six  weeks.  During  winter, 
wnioh  sets  in  at  the  end  of  September,  the  sun  remains  for 
four  months  below  the  horizon,  but  at  so  short  a  distance 
from  it  that  in  every  24  hours  the  darkness  is  relieved  for 
about  6  hours  by  a  faint  twilight.  A  similar  effect  is  pro- 
duced by  the  unusual  brightness  of  the  moon  and  stars,  and 
still  more  by  the  remarkable  brilliancy  of  the  aurora  borea- 
lis.  The  larger  forms  of  animal  life  are  foxes,  bears,  and 
reindeer;  in  pursuit  of  which,  as  well  as  morses  and  seals, 
the  islands  are  visited  by  the  Norwegians  and  Russians. 
Sea-fowl  are  numerous.  The  minerals  are  known  to  include 
marble  and  coal.  The  group  appears  to  have  been  first  dis- 
covered (in  1553)  by  Willoughby,  the  celebrated  English 
navigator.  They  were  again  discovered,  in  1596,  by  the 
Dutch  navigator  Barentz,  in  endeavoring  to  effect  a  N.E. 
passage  to  India. 

Split  Rock,  a  hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  in  Rockaway 
township,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Ilibernia.  It  has  an  iron-furnace. 

Split  Rock,  a  post-of5ce  of  Pocahontas  co.,  W.  Va.,  13 
miles  (direct)  N.  by  W.  of  Huntersville. 

Spliigen,  splU'gh^n,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  in  Ori- 
sons, on  the  Rhine,  4  miles  N.  of  the  summit  of  the  Spliigen 
Pass. 

Splfigen  (splu'ghfn;  Ger.  pron.  splii'gh^n)  Pass,  a 


route  across  the  Rbsotian  Alps,  between  the  Orisons  (SwitJ 
zorland)  and  Lombardy ;  its  summit,  6939  feet  above  thi 
sea,  is  23  miles  N.  of  the  head  of  the  Lago  di  Como.  Th« 
route  is  carried  through  three  covered  galleries,  which  srt 
the  longest  in  the  Alps.  A  French  army  crossed  th» 
SplUgen  in  1800.  .^  »«  w 

Spokane,  spo'kan,  a  county  In  the  K.  part  of  Wuh- 
ington,  borders  on  Idaho.  Area,  1680  square  miles.  It  i« 
traversed  by  several  rnilroads.  Capital,  Cheney.  Pon  in 
1880,  4262;  in  1890,  37,487.  J  f'a 

Spokane,  or  Spokane  Falls,  a  city  of  Spokane  eo 
Washington,  on  the  Spokane  River,  and  on  4  railroodi,— 
the  Northern  Pacific,  the  Great  Northern,  the  Spokane 
Falls  A  Northern,  and  the  Union  Pacific, — 382  miles  N.W. 
of  Helena,  Montana,  and  481  miles  N.E.  of  Portlanil' 
Oregon.  It  is  the  centre  of  a  large  lumber  trade,  hua  great 
wafer-power,  and  extensive  manufactures  of  lumber,  flour 
bricks,  lime,  cement,  Ac.  Here  arc  foundries,  machine^ 
shops,  and  factories  of  various  sorts.  The  city  has  4  daily , 
and  9  weekly  newspapers.     P.  in  1880, 350 ;  in  1890, 19,922. 

Spokane  River  rises  in  the  N.  part  of  Idaho,  and  is 
the  outlet  of  Coeur  d'Aleno  Lake.  It  passes  into  Wa«biog> 
ton,  runs  in  a  W.N.W.  direction,  and  enters  the  Columbia 
River  near  lat.  47°  52'  N.     It  is  about  120  miles  long. 

Spoleto,  spo-li'to  (anc.  Spole'tium  or  Spole'Um),  a  eity 
of  Italy,  in  Umbria,  strongly  placed  on  an  isolated  hill,  24 
miles  N.  of  Rieti.  It  is  connected  across  a  deep  ravino 
with  an  adjacent  height  by  a  noble  bridge  and  aqueduct  615 
feet  in  height.  It  has  a  massive  citadel,  a  cathedral,  a 
Roman  arch,  remains  of  a  theatre,  and  other  antiquities. 
It  is  an  archbishop's  see  of  very  early  date,  and  has  man- 
ufactures of  woollens  and  hats.     Pop.  7033. 

Spoltore,  spol-to'rd,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Te- 
ranio,  10  miles  E.  of  Civita  di  Penne.     Pop.  4274. 

Spoon  Hill  (or  Spoon'bill)  Creek  rises  near  the 
E.  boundary  of  Wyoming,  runs  nearly  southward,  and 
enters  the  North  Fork  of  the  Platte  in  Nebraska. 

Spoon  River,  Illinois,  rises  in  Bureau  co.,  and  mm 
southward  through  Stark  co.  into  Peoria.  It  next  flovfj 
southwestward  through  Knox  co.,  changes  its  course  to  the 
south,  and  intersects  Fulton  co.,  then  flows  southeastward, 
and  enters  tho  Illinois  River  opposite  Havana.  It  is  about 
150  miles  long. 

Sporades,  spor'a-diz  (Gr.  Sn-opaJet,  t.e.,  the  "scat- 
tered" islands),  a  subdivision  of  the  Grecian  Archipelago, 
consisting  of  the  islands  surrounding  the  central  group,  or 
Cyclades,  and  belonging  partly  to  Turkey  and  partly  to 
Greece.  The  Turkish  Sporades  comprise  Crete,  Scarpiinto, 
Rhodes,  Cos,  Kalimno,  Patmos,  Nicaria,  Samos,  Scio, 
Mitylene,  Stalimni,  Imbros,  Samothraki,  Thaso,  and  other 
islands  along  the  coasts  of  Asiatic  and  European  Turkey 
The  Greek  Sporades  consist  of  Skiatho,  Skopelo,  Kilidromi, 
Sky  ros,  ^gina,  Salamis,  Hydra,  Spezzia,  Ac,  besides  a  num- 
ber of  others,  which  are  politically  attached  to  the  nome  of 
the  Cyclades. 

Sport'ing  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Cumberland  co..  Pa.,  2 
miles  from  Shiremanstown. 

Sporting  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa., near 
the  Reading  A  Columbia  Railroad,  about  10  miles  N.W.  of 
Lancaster. 

Spots'wood,  a  post-village  in  East  Brunswick  town 
ship,  Middlesex  co.,  N.J.,  on  South  River,  and  on  the  Cam- 
den A  Amboy  Railroad,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Hightstown.  It 
has  2  churches,  2  taverns,  and  2  manufactories  of  tobacco. 

Spot'ted  Uor^e,  a  post-office  of  Fergus  co.,  Montana. 

Spot'tiswood,  a  post-office  of  Kern  co.,  Cul.,  about 
45  miles  N.W.  of  Bakersfield. 

Spotts'ville,  a  post-village  of  Henderson  co.,  Ky.,  on 
Green  River,  12  miles  E.  of  Henderson.  It  has  a  church, 
a  graded  school,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  lumber-mill.  About 
900,000  bushels  of  coal  are  mined  here  in  a  year.  Pop. 
about  500. 

Spottsville,  a  post-office  of  Surry  co.,  Va. 

Spottsylvania,  spot-sil-va'ne-j^,  a  county  in  the  N.E. 
part  of  Virginia,  has  an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It 
IS  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Rapidan  River,  on  the  N.E. 
by  the  Rappahannock,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  North  Anna 
River.  It  is  also  drained  by  the  Mattapony  River.  The 
surface  is  moderately  hilly,  aud  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  o.ats  are  tho  staple 
products.  Among  its  minerals  are  granite  and  freestone. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Richmond,  Fredericksburg 
A  Potomac  and  Potomac,  Fredericksburg  A  Piedmont  Rail- 
roads. Capital,  Spottsylvania  Court-House,  situated  in  the 
central  part  of  the  county,  near  the  Ny  River.  Pop.  in 
1870,  11,728;  in  1880,  14,828;  in  1890,  14,233. 

Spottsylvania  Court-House,  a  small  post-village, 


SPO 


2519 


SPR 


capital  of  Spottsylvania  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Po  River,  about  55 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Richmond,  and  11  miles  S.W.  of  Fred- 
ericksburg. Here  occurred  an  indecisive  battle  between 
General  Grant  and  General  Lee,  May,  1864. 

Spont  Spring,  a  station  in  Ross  co.,  0.,  on  the  Spring- 
field, Jackson  <fc  Pomeroy  Railroad,  26  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Waverly. 

Spout  Spring,  a  post-village  of  Appomattox  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  <fc  Ohio  Railroad.  It  has  an 
academy,  2  churches,  and  3  stores. 

Spout  Springs,  a  post-offlce  and  station  of  Harnett 
00.,  N.C.,  on  the  Western  Railroad,  between  Fayetteville 
and  Sanford. 

Spragg's,  apost-office  of  Greene  co.,  Pa.,  about  10  miles 
S.  of  Waynesburg. 

Sprague,  spraig,  a  township  of  New  London  co.,  Conn. 
Pop.  3463.     It  contains  Baltic. 

Sprague,  a  station  in  Crawford  co..  Mo.,  on  the  St. 
Louis  &  San  Francisco  Railroad,  5  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cuba. 

Sprague,  a  post-ofiSce  of  Monroe  co.,  0. 

Sprague,  a  post-office  of  Skamania  co.,  Washington. 

Sprague  River,  a  small  stream  which  rises  in  the  S. 
part  of  Oregon,  runs  westward,  and  enters  the  Klamath 
River  about  3  miles  E.  of  Klamath  Lake. 

Sprague  River,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co.,  Oregon. 

Sprague's  Mill,  a  post-village  of  Aroostook  co.,  Me., 
in  Easton  township,  10  miles  S.  of  Fort  Fairfield.  It  has 
a  starch-factory  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Sprague's  Point,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co..  New 
Brunswick,  near  the  head  of  Belle  Isle  Bay,  10  miles  N.E. 
of  Kingston.     Pop.  250. 

Spragueville,  spraig'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson 
CO.,  Iowa,  about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Dubuque.  It  has  a 
hotel  and  a  grist-mill. 

Spragueville,  a  hamlet  of  Aroostook  co..  Me.,  in 
Presque  Isle  township,  16  miles  S.AV.  of  Fort  Fairfield. 

Spragueville,  a  village  of  Monroe  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Delaware,  Lackawanna  <fc  Western  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W. 
of  Stroudsburg.  It  has  a  church.  Here  is  Analomink 
Post-Office. 

Spragueville,  a  hamlet  of  Sraithfield  township,  Provi- 
dence CO.,  R.I.,  on  the  Woonasquatucket  River,  li  miles 
from  Georgiaville.  It  has  manufactures  of  print-cloths 
and  hosiery.     Pop.  88. 

Spra'ker's  Ilasin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Erie  Canal  and  the  New  York  Central  Railroad, 
at  Spraker's  Station,  52  miles  by  rail  AV.  by  N.  of  Albany. 
It  has  a  church. 

Sprang,  spring,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North 
Brabant,  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bois-le-Duc.     Pop.  1633. 

Sprankle's  (spr^nk'^lz)  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jef- 
ferson CO.,  Pa.,  9  miles  E.  of  Mayville,  and  about  54  miles 
N.W.  of  Altoona.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam  grist-mill, 
2  stores,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Spray,  spra,  a  station  of  the  Indianapolis  &  St.  Louis 
Railroad,  SJ  miles  W.  of  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

Spray'town,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Ind. 

Spread  Eagle,  sprSd  ee'g'l,  a  post-village  of  Chester 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  at  Eagle  Station,  15 
miles  N.W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Spree,  spri  (ano.  Spre'a),  a  river  of  Germany,  rises  in 
the  kingdom  of  Saxony,  flows  N.  and  N.W.  through  the 
Prussian  province  of  Brandenburg,  past  Spremberg,  Cott- 
bus,  LUbben,  and  Berlin,  which  city  it  divides  into  two 
portions,  and  joins  the  Havel  on  the  left  at  Spandau.  Total 
course,  220  miles.  The  Fredetick  William  Canal  connects 
it  with  the  Oder. 

Spremberg,  sprSm'bSno,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Bran- 
denburg, on  an  island  in  the  Spree,  15  miles  S.  of  Cottbus. 
Pop.  10,295.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  and  linen 
fabrics,  pottery,  Ac. 

Spreniburg  (Ober,  o'b?r,  NrEDEn,  nee'd?r,  and  Neu, 
noi),  a  village  of  Saxony,  about  18  miles  E.  of  Dresden. 

Sprendlingen,  sprSnt'ling-^n,  a  village  of  Hesse,  in 
£tarkenburg,  circle  of  Offenbach.     Pop.  2793. 

Sprigg,  a  township  forming  the  W.  extremity  of  Adams 
«o.,  0.     Pop.  2086.     It  contains  Bentonville. 

'sPrincenhage,  sprin's^n-hi^chgh,  a  village  of  the 
Netherlands.    See  Princenhage. 

Spring,  a  township  of  Boone  co.,  111.    Pop.  1068. 

Spring,  a  township  of  Cherokee  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  96. 

Spring,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  490. 
Post-office,  Cave  Spring. 

Spring,  a  townsbdp  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  2253. 

Spring,  a  township  of  Centre  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1608. 

Spring,  a  township  of  Crawford  oo.,  Pa.  Pop.  1522. 
It  contains  Springborough. 


Spring,  a  township  of  Perry  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1492. 

Spring,  a  post-office  of  Harris  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Inter- 
national &  Great  Northern  Railroad,  23  miles  N.  of 
Houston. 

Spring  Ar'bor,  a  post-village  in  Spring  Arbor  town- 
ship, Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Air-Line  division  of  the 
Michigan  Central  Railroad,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Jackson.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  seminary.     P.  of  the  township,  1123. 

Spring  Arbour,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk  co.,  Ontario, 
21  miles  S.S.E.  of  Tilsonburg.  It  contains  2  stores  and  2 
saw-mills.     Pop.  100. 

Spring  Bank,  a  post-office  of  Dixon  co..  Neb. 

Spring'bank,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario, 
7  miles  N.  of  Strathroy.     Pop.  150. 

Spring  Bay,  a  post-village  of  Woodford  co..  III.,  in 
Spring  Bay  township,  2i  miles  from  Mossville  Station,  and 
on  the  Illinois  River,  here  called  Peoria  Lake,  about  10 
miles  above  Peoria.  It  has  a  town  hall,  a  brewery,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  graded  school.    Pop.  235  ;  of  the  township,  475. 

Springborough,  spring'bur-riih,  a  post-village  in 
Clear  Creek  township,  Warren  co.,  0.,  about  16  miles  S.  of 
Dayton,  and  8  miles  N.  of  Lebanon.  It  has  a  money-order 
post-office,  6  churches,  1  or  2  flouring-mills,  a  woollen-mill, 
the  Miami  Valley  College,  and  a  carriage-factory.    Pop.  553, 

Springborough,  a  post-borough  in  Spring  township, 
Crawford  co..  Pa.,  on  Conneaut  Creek,  near  Spring  Station 
of  the  Erie  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  33  miles  S.S.W.  of  Erie, 
and  18  miles  N.W.  of  Meadville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  hotel, 
a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  an  academy,  a  carriage- 
factory,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  323. 

Spring  Bintf,  a  post- village  of  Lake  co.,  111.,  on  Lako 
Michigan,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  Milwaukee  Railroad,  45 
miles  N.  of  Chicago.  It  has  mineral  springs,  a  large  cheese 
factory,  and  manufactures  of  brooms  and  carpets. 

Spring  Bluff,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co..  Mo. 

Spring  Bluff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co..  Wis.,  37 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Portage. 

Spring  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Comal  co.,  Tex. 

Spring  Brook,  a  post-hamlet  in  Jackson  township, 
Jackson  co.,  Iowa,  about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Dubuque.  It 
has  a  church. 

Spring  Brook,  a  post-office  of  Gratiot  co.,  Mich. 

Spring  Brook,  a  post-village  in  Elma  township,  Erie 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Buffalo,  New  York  &  Philadelphia  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  S.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  and 
a  lumber-mill  on  Cazenovia  Creek. 

Spring  Brook,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Lackawanna 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Spring  Brook  township,  on  the  Lehigh  <fc  Sus- 
quehanna Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Scranton.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  426. 

Spring  Brook,  township,  Dunn  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  1176. 

Spring'brook',  or  MacKen'zie's  Corner,  a  post- 
village  in  Rawdon  township,  Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  34 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Belleville.  It  contains  2  stores,  2  hoteU, 
3  saw-mills,  and  a  grist-mill.  There  are  6  churches  and  d 
cheese-factories  in  the  township.     Pop.  200. 

Springbrook,  Wellington  co.,  Ontario.   See  Wtandot. 

Spring  Church,  a  post-hamlet  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa., 
5  miles  from  Apollo,  and  about  14  miles  S.  of  Kittanning. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Spring  City,  a  post-village  of  Humboldt  co.,  Nev.,  67 
miles  N.  of  Winnemucca.  It  has  about  75  houses.  Silver 
is  mined  here.     Pop.  about  900. 

Spring  City,  or  Spring'ville,  a  post-borough  in 
East  Vincent  township,  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Schuylkill 
River,  opposite  Royer's  Ford,  and  on  the  Philadelphia  tk 
Reading  Railroad  (at  Royer's  Ford  Station),  33  miles  N.W. 
of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a  bank,  2  churches,  a  stove-foundry, 
a  flour-mill,  a  newspaper  office,  a  manufactory  of  wood 
paper,  a  tile-factory,  &o.  The  name  of  its  post-office  it 
Spring  City.     Pop.  in  1880,  1112. 

Spring  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rhea  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad,  2  miles  from  Rhea  Springs. 
It  has  a  church. 

Spring  City,  a  post-village  of  San  Pete  co.,  Utah,  near 
the  W.  base  of  the  AVahsatch  Mountains,  about  12  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Manti.  It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  and  2  lumber- 
mills.     Pop.  in  1880,  989. 

Spring  Cot'tage,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co..  Miss. 

Spring  Creek,  Georgia,  runs  southward  through  Early 
and  Miller  cos.,  and  enters  the  Flint  River  in  Decatur  co., 
about  4  miles  from  its  mouth.     It  is  nearly  80  miles  long. 

Spring  Creek,  Illinois,  rises  in  Ford  co.,  runs  north- 
eastward in  Iroquois  co.,  and  enters  the  Iroquois  River 
about  6  miles  N.W.  of  Watseka. 

Spring  Creek,  Missouri,  rises  in  Putnam  co.,  rum 
southeastward,  and  enters  the  Chariton  River  in  Adair  oo 


ilW^ 


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Spring  Creeky  Centre  oo.,  Pa.,  runs  northward,  and 
enters  Bald  Eiigle  Creek.     Bellefunte  iii  on  Spring  Creek. 

Spring  Creek)  Texas,  runs  nearly  eastward,  forms  the 
N.  boundary  of  Harris  co.,  and  enters  the  San  Jacinto 
lliver  about  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Houston. 

Spring  Creek,  Travis  co.,  Tex.,  enters  the  Colorado 
Eivor  from  the  W.,  opposite  Austin  City. 

Spring  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Lee  oo.,  Ark.,  about  25 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Helena.     It  has  3  churches  and  2  schools. 

Spring  Creek,  Iroquois  co..  III.    See  Dkl  Rey, 

Spring  Creek,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  III.     P.  1009. 

Spring  Creek,  township,  Uiaok  Hawk  oo.,  Iowa.  P.  680. 

Spring  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Tama  oo.,  Iowa, 
about  12  miles  N.E.  of  Marshalltown.     Pop.  713. 

Spring  Creek,  a  post-otllce  of  Chautauqua  co.,  Kansas, 
35  miles  W.  of  Independence. 

Spring  Creek,  township,  Coffey  CO.,  Kansas.   Pop.  .'575. 

Spring  Creek,  township,  Cowley  co.,  ICansas.     P.  218. 

Spring  Creek,  a  townsnip  of  Greenwood  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  220.     Post-office,  Collins. 

Spring  Creek,  a  township  of  Saline  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
227,  exclusive  of  Brookvillo. 

Spring  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Ky. 

Spring   Creek,  a  pust-oflico  of  Uoodhue  co.,  Minn., 
jiJwut  ZO  miles  S.W.  of  Kod  Wing. 
',,  Spring  Creek,  township,  Dent  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1281, 

Spring  Creek,  township,  Douglas  co..  Mo.     Pop.  386. 

Spring  Creek,  township,  Howell  co..  Mo.    Pop.  448. 

Spring  Creek,  a  township  of  Marios  co.,  Mo.    P.  244. 

Spring  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Phelps  co..  Mo., 
about  60  miles  S.  of  Jefferson  City.  It  ia  drained  by  a 
creek  of  the  same  name.     Pop.  1119. 

Spring  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Lewis  and  Clarke  co., 
Montana,  on  the  Missouri  lliver. 

Spring  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Neb., 
Hbout  44  miles  S.E.  of  Lincoln. 

Spring  Creek,  post-township,  Madison  co.,  N.C.  P.  944. 

Spring  Creek,  a  township  of  Miami  oo.,  0.    P.  1606. 

Spring  Creek,  a  township  of  Elk  oo.,  Pa.     Pop.  357. 

Spring  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Spring  Creek  town- 
ship, Warren  co.,  Pa.,  on  Broken  Straw  Creek,  and  on 
the  Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Corry, 
and  22  miles  W.  of  Warren.  It  has  a  tannery.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1116. 

Spring  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Tenn., 
13J  miles  N.N.E.  of  Jackson.     It  has  2  churches. 

Spring  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Throckmorton  co.,  Tex. 

Spring  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham  co.,  Va., 
7  miles  W.  of  Mount  Crawford.  It  has  a  tannery  and  a 
grist-mill. 

Spring  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co..  Wis. 

Spring  Creek,  a  township  of  Sauk  co..  Wis.   P.  1049. 

Spring'dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Ark., 
JO  miles  N.  of  Fayetteville.  It  has  a  church,  a  tannery, 
and  an  institution  called  Springdale  College  (Baptist). 

Springdale,  a  mining-camp  of  Boulder  co..  Col.,  12 
miles  from  Boulder.  It  has  a  hotel,  a  saw-mill,  a  smelting- 
furnace,  and  a  mineral  spring.     Tellurium  is  found  here. 

Springdale,  a  post-hamlet  in  Stamford  township, 
Fairfield  co.,  Conn.,  about  3  miles  N.E.  of  Stamford.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Springdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ripley  co.,  Ind.,  4  miles 
from  Picrceville  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Springdale,  a  post-village  in  Springdale  township. 
Cedar  co.,  Iowa,  about  14  miles  E.  of  Iowa  City,  and  24 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Muscatine.  It  has  2  churches,  a  seminary, 
and  a  carriage-factory.  The  township  is  intersected  by  the 
Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  14S1. 

Springdale,  Kansas.    See  Alexandria. 

Springdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mason  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  6  miles  above  Maysville. 

Springdale,  a  post-offico  of  Wexford  co.,  Mich. 

Springdale,  township.  Redwood  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  180. 

Spring  Dale,  a  post-village  of  Lafayette  co..  Miss.,  on 
the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad,  12  miles  S. 
of  Oxford.     It  contains  an  academy  and  a  church. 

Springdale,  a  post-office  of  Valley  co.,  Neb. 

Springdale,  a  post-office  of  Haywood  co.,  N.C. 

Springdale,  a  post-village  in  Springfield  township, 
Hamilton  co.,  0.,  2  miles  from  Qlendale  Station,  about  15 
miles  N.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  2  churches  and  2  wagon- 
■hops.     Pop.  382, 

Springdale,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Alleghany  River  and  the  Western  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road, 17  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Springdale,  a  post-office  of  Claiborne  co.,  Tenn. 


Spring  Dale,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  W.  Va. 

Springdale,  a  post-township  of  Dane  oo.,  Wis.,  about 
16  miles  W.S.W.  ot  Madison.  Pop.  1018.  It  conUins  a 
village  named  Mount  Vernon. 

Springe,  spring'^h,  a  town  of  Hanover,  14  miletB.W' 
of  llnnover.     Pop.  2392. 

Spring'erton,  a  post-hamlct  of  White  co.,  III.,  on  the 


Springfield  division  of  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Uailnmd,  nl 
Springer  Station,  14  miles  S.  of  Fairfield.     It  ' 
and  a  plough-factory. 
Siirinir'fi<>lil.  n.   i 


Spring'field,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Dumfries, 
on  the  Sark,  9  miles  E.  of  Annan,  and  adjoining  Uretna 
Green. 

Spring'field,  a  hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Ala.,  3  miles  N.E. 
of  Eutaw,  and  about  32  miles  S.S.W.  of  Tuscaloosa.  It  biu 
a  church. 

Springfield,  a  post-villnge  of  Conway  co.,  Ark.,  about 
45  miles  N.N.W.  of  Little  Rock.     It  has  a  medicinal  spring. 

Springfield,  a  mining-village  of  Tuolumne  co.,  Col., 
about  52  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Stockton.  It  has  a  church. 
Gold  is  found  here. 

Springfield,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Baca  oo..  Col., 
64  miles  (direct)  S.E.  of  La  Junta,  and  48  miles  S.  of 
Lamar.  It  has  a  drug-»tore,  a  lumber-mill,  and  several 
general  stores.     Pop.  about  250, 

Springfield,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Effingham  co., 
Ga.,  28  miles  N.N.W.  of  Savannah.  It  has  a  court-house, 
2  churches,  and  an  academy.     Pop.  32. 

Springfield,  a  city,  capital  of  the  state  of  Illinois, and 
seat  of  justice  of  Sangamon  co.,  is  situated  4  miles  S.  of 
the  Sangamon  River,  96  miles  N.N.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  80 
miles  S.  of  Peoria,  and  185  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago.  Lat. 
39°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  89°  33'  W.  It  is  regularly  planned,  with 
wide,  straight  streets,  having  a  public  square,  in  tiiu  centre 
of  which  stands  the  court-house,  surrounded  on  four  sides 
by  massive  blocks  of  business  houses.  The  city  contains 
the  State-house,  one  of  the  finest  public  buildings  in  the 
Union,  costing  $5,000,000,  a  state  arsenal,  a  handsome  and 
substantial  post-office  and  court-house,  which  cost  !?.'5()0,UOO, 
22  churches,  2  colleges,  2  academies,  a  convent,  and  6  bunks. 
Four  daily  and  8  weekly  newspapers  and  1  monthly  maga- 
zine are  published  here.  It  became  the  si-at  of  the  state 
government  in  1837,  and  in  1840  Springfield  was  made  a 
city.  It  is  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Alton  lUiilroail,  at  its  inter- 
section with  the  Wabash  Bailroad,  and  is  a  terminus  of  the 
Springfield  division  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroiid.  A 
branch  of  the  Ohio  <$;  Mississippi  Railroad  also  passes  through 
it,  and  it  is  entered  by  the  Jacksonville  Southeastern  Rail- 
road and  the  St.  Louis,  Chicago  &  St.  Paul  Railroad.  Here 
are  4  iron-foundries,  5  steam  flouring-mills,  2  manufactories 
of  woollen  goods,  1  of  watches,  employing  250  hands,  3 
planing-mills,  a  paper-mill,  and  large  iron-works  employing 
about  600  men.  It  is  surrounded  by  fertile  prairies  con- 
taining large  quantities  of  bituminous  coal;  and  6  coal- 
shafts  are  operated  on  its  outskirts.  The  machine-shops 
of  the  Wabash  Railroad  are  located  here.  The  city  is 
governed  by  a  mayor  and  a  board  of  18  aldermen,  which 
acts  in  the  capjicity  of  a  city  council.  It  has  gas-works, 
a  paid  fire  department,  2  lines  of  street  railway,  and  an 
ample  supply  of  good  water  obtained  from  the  Sangamon 
River.  Springfield  is  memorable  as  having  been  the  resi- 
dence of  Abraham  Lincoln,  sixteenth  president  of  the  United 
States ;  and  in  the  beautiful  Oak  Ridge  Cemetery  rest  his 
remains  within  the  crypt  of  the  national  monument  erected 
to  his  memory  at  a  cost  of  $264,000.  Pop.  in  1850,  4533; 
in  1860,  9320;  in  1870,  17,864;  in  1880,  19,743;  in  18S»0, 
24,963. 

Springfield,  a  post-hamlet  in  Springfield  township. 
Franklin  co.,  Ind.,  about  28  miles  S.  of  Richmond.  Pup. 
of  the  township,  1513. 

Springfield,  a  hamlet  in  Springfield  township,  La 
Grange  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Big  Turkey  River,  10  miles  E.  of 
La  Grange.  It  has  2  churches  and  2  stores.  Here  ii 
Brushy  Prairie  Post-Office.     Pop.  of  the  township,  928. 

Springfield,  a  township  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.     P.  1072. 

Springfield,  a  township  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa.     P.  1509. 

Springfield,  a  post-village  in  Washington  township, 
Keokuk  co.,  Iowa,  about  25  miles  N.  of  Ottumwa,  and  1 
mile  N.  of  the  North  Skunk  River.     It  has  2  churches. 

Springfield,  a  township  of  Winneshiek  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  1123. 

Springfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mitchell  co.,  Kansas,  9 
miles  N.  of  Beloit. 

Springfield,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Washington  co., 
Ky.,  about  52  miles  S.W.  of  Lexington,  and  60  miles  S.S.B. 
of  Louisville,  It  contains  a  court-house,  3  churches,  a 
national  bank,  and  a  Catholic  female  seminary.    Pop.  610. 


SPR 


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i 


Sprinji^field,  a  post-village  of  Livingston  parish,  La., 
on  a  navigable  river,  about  50  miles  N.N.W.  of  New  Or- 
leans, and  9  miles  N.  of  Lake  Maurepas.  It  has  2  churches 
and  several  mills.  It  is  surrounded  by  forests  of  live-oak. 
Springfield,  a  post-village  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  in 
Springfield  township,  about  60  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bangor.  It 
has  2  or  3  churches. 

Springfield,  a  post-oflSco  of  Prince  George's  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Baltimore  &  Potomac  Railroad,  27i  miles  S.W.  of 
Baltimore. 

Springfield,  a  city  and  seat  of  justice  of  Hampden 
CO.,  Mass.,  is  situated  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Connecticut 
River,  at  the  intersection  of  the  New  York,  New  Haven  <t 
Hartford,  New  York  &  New  England,  and  Connecticut 
River  Railronds  with  the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad,  98 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Boston.,  68  miles  S.  of  Brnttleborough, 
Vt.,  102  ni'iles  E.S.E.  of  Albany,  and  138  miles  N.N.E. 
of  New  York.  Lat.  42°  6'  4"  N. ;  Ion.  72°  35'  45"  W. 
This  is  one  of  the  handsomest  and  most  flourishing  inland 
towns  in  the  state.  The  various  railways  centring  here 
bring  to  it  an  immense  amount  of  travel ;  its  natural 
advantages  also  render  it  one  of  the  most  important  com- 
mercial depots  on  the  Connecticut.  The  city  is  pleasantly 
situated  in  the  midst  of  varied  and  delightful  scenery.  The 
site  comprises  the  level  along  the  river-bank,  and  the  W. 
portion  of  an  elevated  plain  extending  several  miles  E. 
Main  street,  the  principal  thoroughfare  and  seat  of  business, 
is  a  broad,  handsome  avenue,  over  3  miles  in  length.  This 
and  other  streets,  parallel  or  nearly  parallel  to  it  and  to  the 
river,  are  intersected  by  thof«  extending  from  the  Connec- 
ticut to  the  plain  above  mentioned.  In  the  centre  is  a 
beautiful  enclosure,  adorned  with  walks  and  shade-trees. 
The  buildings  are  generally  constructed  of  brick.  Among 
the  public  buildings  may  be  mentioned  the  city  hall,  a 
court-house  of  granite,  city  library,  high-school  house,  and 
the  churches,  of  which  there  are  36  of  the  various  denomi- 
nations. The  city  contains  15  banks,  with  an  aggregate 
capital  of  $3,600,000,  4  savings-banks,  and  4  insurance 
companies.  There  are  a  large  number  of  hotels  in  Spring- 
field, a£Fording  excellent  accommodation  to  the  traveller. 
The  means  of  education  are  liberally  provided,  and  the 
public  schools  generally  are  in  a  very  flourishing  condition. 
Four  daily  and  5  weekly  newspapers  and  2  monthly  maga- 
eines  are  published  here.  'Ihe  United  States  Armory, 
established  at  Springfield  in  1795,  is  the  most  extensive  in 
the  Union,  and  is  chiefly  situated  on  an  eminence  called 
Armory  Hill,  about  i  mile  E.  of  Main  street.  The  build- 
ings are  of  brick,  and  are  arranged  around  a  fine  square 
of  over  30  acres.  The  arsenal  tower  commands  a  beautiful 
iview  of  the  city  and  surrounding  country.  The  machine- 
phops  occupy  a  site  on  Mill  River,  about  a  mile  S.  of  the 
firmory  proper.  During  the  civil  war  the  armory  furnished 
employment  to  about  2800  hands,  making  nearly  1000 
aiuskets  per  day,  but  generally  about  450  men  are  employed 
in  it.  About  275,000  stand  of  arms  are  constantly  stored 
n  the  arsenal.  The  water-power  of  Mill  River  is  also 
;mployed  for  various  mills  and  mechanical  works,  Spring- 
field has  manufiictures  of  cotton  goods,  woollen  goods,  rail- 
pad-cars,  engines,  machinery,  buttons,  pistols,  spectacles, 
fcarriages,  paper,  furniture,  trunks,  cards,  picture-frames, 
)ricks,  locks,  and  jewelry.  The  capital  of  its  industries, 
IS  given  in  the  census  of  1890,  was  $10,524,457,  and  the 
)roduct  $16,191,456.  The  city  is  lighted  with  gas  and 
tlectricity,  and  supplied  with  pure  water  from  Ludlow,  10 
Miles  distant,  by  works  costing  $1,646,000.  The  capacity 
'f  the  main  storage  reservoir  is  2,132,817,000  gallons. 
'our  bridges,  one  for  the  Boston  <t  Albany  Railroad,  the 
;hers  for  ordinary  travel,  here  cross  the  Connecticut  and 
onnect  the  city  with  West  Springfield  and  Agaw.am.  Three 
f  these  bridges,  including  the  double-tracked  railroad 
ridge,  are  of  iron ;  the  other  is  the  old  wooden  bridge, 
324  feet  long.  The  electric  street-railway  has  9  branches 
nd  about  26  miles  of  tracks.  Forest  Park,  with  over  350 
ores,  part  wooded  and  part  highly  cultivated,  was  recently 
iven  to  the  city,  and  is  being  improved  yearly.  This  place 
.as  settled  in  1635,  under  its  Indian  name,  Agawam.  In 
6-10  it  received  the  name  of  Springfield.  It  was  ineor- 
orated  as  a  city  in  1852.  Pop.  in  1840,  10,958;  in  1850, 
1,766;  in  1860,  15,199;  in  1870,  26,703;  in  1880,  33,340; 
a  1890,  44,179. 

Springfield,  Brown  co.,  Minn.    See  Btihns. 
;  Springfield,  a  township  of  Cottonwood  co.,  Minn. 

Springfield,  a  city  of  Missouri,  the  capital  of  Greene 
o.,  is  situated  on  high  ground,  on  the  St.  Louis  &  San 
Vancisco  Railroad,  242  miles  W.S.AV.  of  St.  Louis,  and 
bout  60  miles  E.  of  Carthage.  It  is  the  most  important 
ind  populous  town  of  Southwestern  Missouri.  It  contains 
159 


a  court-house,  12  churches,  2  national  banks,  1  other  bank, 
and  printing-ofiices  which  issue  4  daily  and  8  weekly  news- 
papers. It  is  the  seat  of  Drury  College  (Congregational), 
which  was  organized  in  1873  and  has  13  instructors  and 
over  300  students.  Springfield  has  a  manufactory  of  ma- 
chinery, engines,  and  boilers,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  cotton- 
mill  which  cost  $100,000.     P.  in  1880,  6522  ;  in  1890,  21,850. 

Springfield,  a  township  of  Henry  co..  Mo.     P.  1896. 

Springfield,  a  post-oftice  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Springfield  township,  about  36  miles  N.W.  of  Concord. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  781. 

Springfield,  township,  Burlington  co.,  N.J.     P.  1761. 

Springfield,  a  post-village  in  Springfield  township. 
Union  CO.,  N.J.,  1  mile  from  Milburn  Station,  about  7  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Elizabeth,  and  8  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Newark. 
It  is  on  the  Rahway  River,  near  the  Morris  &  Esse.\  Rail- 
road. It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  an  academy,  and 
manufactures  of  pasteboard,  &c.     Pop.  in  1890,  959. 

Springfield,  a  post-hamlet  in  Springfield  township, 
Otsego  CO.,  N.Y.,  about  30  miles  S.E.  of  Utica.  The  town- 
ship has  a  larger  village,  named  Springfield  Centre,  and 
comprises  the  northern  part  of  Otsego  Lake.  Hops  consti- 
tute one  of  its  staple  products.     Pop.  of  township,  1945. 

Springfield,  Queens  co.,  N.Y.    SeeSpRisoFiELD  Storb. 

Springfield,  a  township  of  Nash  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  2111. 

Springfield,  a  beautiful  city,  the  capital  of  Clark  co., 
0.,  is  situated  near  Mad  River  and  the  mouth  of  Lagonda 
Creek,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Dayton,  80  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cin- 
cinnati, and  45  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Columbus.  It  is  sur- 
rounded by  a  rich  and  highly  cultivated  country,  is  the  ter- 
minus of  13  macadamized  roads,  and  is  an  important  rail 
road  centre.  It  is  connected  with  the  chief  towns  of  Ohio 
by  the  following  railroads :  the  Atlantic  it  Great  Western, 
the  Cincinnati,  Sandusky  <fe  Cleveland,  the  Dayton  Short 
Line,  the  Springfield  Branch  of  the  Little  Miami,  and  the 
Springfield,  Jackson  &  Pomeroy.  Here  is  Wittenberg  Col- 
lege (Lutheran),  which  was  organized  in  1845  and  has  a 
library  of  6000  volumes.  Springfield  contains  a  court- 
house, 20  churches,  a  high  school,  a  public  library,  the 
Greenway  Institute  (for  boys),  a  lyceum,  a  savings-bank, 
4  or  5  national  banks,  the  capital  of  which  amounts  to 
$900,000,  a  paper-mill,  a  book-bindery,  and  printing-ofiices 
which  issue  1  daily  and  3  or  4  weekly  newspapers.  It  has 
also  extensive  manufactures  of  reapers,  mowers,  and  other 
farming-implements,  machinery,  flour,  iron  castings,  car- 
riages, woollen  goods,  <fee.  The  value  of  the  farming- 
implements  made  here  is  about  $1,500,000  per  annum. 
Mad  River  and  Lagonda  Creek  afibrd  permanent  water- 
power  for  numerous  mills.  Pop.  in  1860,  7002;  in  1870, 
12,652;  in  1880,  20,730;  in  1890,  31,895. 

Springfield,  a  township  of  Gallia  co.,  0.     Pop.  1824. 

Springfield,  a  township  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.  Pop. 
7975.     It  contains  Springdale,  Greendale,  and  Hartwell. 

Springfield,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  0.  Pop.  826. 

Springfield,  a  township  of  Lucas  co.,  0.     Pop.  701. 

Springfield,  a  township  of  Mahoning  co.,  0.  P.  2150. 

Springfield,  a  township  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.    P.  4022. 

Springfield,  a  township  of  Richland  co.,  0.     P.  2046. 

Springfield,  a  township  of  Ross  co.,  0.     Pop.  1238. 

Springfield,  a  township  of  Summit  co.,  0.  Pop.  2085. 

Springfield,  a  township  of  Williams  co.,  0.     P.  1981. 

Springfield,  a  post-village  of  Lane  co.,  Oregon,  at  the 
junction  of  two  forks  of  the  AVillanictte  River,  and  on  the 
Oregon  &  California  Railroad,  3  miles  E.  of  Eugene  City. 
It  has  abundant  water-power,  a  flouring-mill,  a  saw-mill, 
and  3  churches.     Pop.  about  300.  ■ 

Springfield,  a  post-hamlet  in  Springfield  township, 
Bradford  co..  Pa.,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Elmira,  N.Y.,  and  2 
miles  E.  of  the  Northern  Central  Railroad.  The  township 
has  4  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1455. 

Springfield,  a  township  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.    Pop.  2551. 

Springfield,  a  village  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  in  West 
Nantmeal  township,  on  the  Wilmington  ife  Reading  Rail- 
road, 20i  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Reading.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
graded  school,  and  3  stores.    Here  is  Blue  Rock  Post-Ofiice. 

Springfield,  Cumberland  co..  Pa.    See  Big  Spring. 

Springfield,  a  township  of  Delaware  co..  Pa.  Pop. 
1772.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Philadelphia  &  West  Ches- 
ter Railroad. 

Springfield,  a  township  of  Erie  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1742. 
See  North  Springfield  and  West  Springfield. 

Springfield,  a  township  of  Fayette  co..  Pa.     P.  1629, 

Springfield,  a  township  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.  P.  738. 

Springfield,  a  post-village  of  Bon  Homme  co.,  S.D., 
12  miles  by  rail  S.  by  W.  of  Tyndall.  It  has  a  bank, 
lumber-mills,  and  a  newspaper  oflSce.  It  is  in  an  agricult- 
ural region.     Pop.  in  1890,  302. 


i 


SPR 


12522 


SPK 


SpringAeldf  a  po«t-vi)lage,  ennital  of  Kobortson  oo., 
Tenn.,  on  tho  Sulphur  Fork  of  Red  Kiver,  and  on  the  St. 
Louis  A  Southeastern  Railroad,  29  miles  N.N.W.  uf  Nush- 
rillo.  It  has  a  newspaper  ofiioe,  a  national  bank,  3  churches, 
di^tilloric.i,  and  an  extensive  trade  in  whisky.     Pop.  I6U0. 

Spriiigliold,  a  village,  capital  of  Limestone  co.,  Tex., 
on  tho  Navasota  River,  und  near  tho  Iloustun  <t;  Texas 
Central  Railroad,  about  66  miles  W.S.W.  of  Palettino,  and 
48  miles  N.  of  Hoarne. 

Springfield,  a  }>08t-village  in  Springfield  township, 
Windsor  eo.,  Vt.,  on  Black  River,  about  37  inilos  S.E.  of 
Rutland,  and  10  miles  S.W.  of  Claremont,  N.II.  It  has  i 
churches,  a  national  bank,  a  high  school,  a  ne«v8pa])er 
office,  a  hotel,  a  cotton-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  a  foundry',  and 
manufactures  of  machinery,  toys,  ploughs,  churns,  Ac. 
Tho  Black  River  flows  through  picturesque  scenery  near 
this  place,  and  falls  about  50  foot  at  one  vertical  cataract. 
Pop.  in  18S0,  1585;  of  the  township,  3144.  Springfield 
township  is  bounded  on  the  £.  by  the  Connecticut  River. 

Springfield,  a  station  in  Fairfax  co.,  Vu.,  on  the  Vir- 
ginia Midlund  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  Alexandria. 

Springfield,  a  hamlet  of  Page  co.,  Va.,  on  the  South 
Fork  of  Shenandoah  River,  3  miles  from  Luray.  It  has  a 
flour-mill  and  a  store.     Here  is  Hope  Mills  Post-Office. 

Springfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hampshire  co.,  W.  Va., 
about  16  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Cumberland,  Md.  It  has  2 
ehurches. 

Springfield,  a  township  of  Dane  oo.,  Wis.     Pop.  1392. 

Sprin^tield,  a  township  of  Jackson  co..  Wis.     P.  1032. 

Springfield,  a  township  of  Marquette  co..  Wis.  P.  309. 

Springfield,  a  township  of  St.  Croix  co.,  Wis.    P.  680. 

Springfield,  a  post-village  in  Lyons  township,  Wal- 
worth CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Western  Union  Railroad,  7  miles 
E.  of  Elkhorn.     It  has  a  church. 

Springfield,  or  Uelieisle  (bfil-ile')  Corner,  a  post- 
village  in  Kings  co.,  New  Brunswick,  at  the  head  of  Belle 
Isle  Bay,  10  miles  N.  of  Kingston.     Pop.  300. 

Springfield,  or  Clu'nas,  a  post-village  in  Elgin  co., 
Ontario,  on  the  Canada  Southern  Railway,  13  miles  E.N.E. 
of  St.  Thomas  AVest.  It  contains  a  grist-mill,  a  tannery, 
and  several  stores.     Pop.  350. 

Springfield,  Peel  co.,  Ontario.     See  Credit. 

Springfield  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Springfield 
township,  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  6  miles  E.  of  Richfield  Springs, 
and  about  10  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Cooperstown.  It  is  near 
the  N.  end  of  Otsego  Lake.  It  has  2  churches,  a  cheese- 
factory,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Si>ringfield  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dane  co., 
Wis.,  about  11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Madison. 

Springfield  Furnace,  Blair  co..  Pa.    See  MI^fES. 

Springfield  Junction,  a  station  in  Blair  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Williamsburg  Branch  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Springfield  Branch,  12  miles  E.  of  Hollidaysburg. 

Springfield  Store,  a  post-hamlet  in  Jamaica  town- 
ship, Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Southside  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Rockaway  Railroad,  and  at  Springfield 
Station,  15  miles  E.  of  Brooklyn.     It  has  2  churches. 

Spring'ford,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  co.,  Ontario,  16 
miles  S.E.  of  Ingersoll.     It  has  2  stores.     Pop.  200. 

Spring  Forge,  or  Spring  Grove,  a  post-village  in 
Jackson  township,  York  co..  Pa.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of  York.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  paper-mill.    Pop.  250.    Its  post-office  is  Spring  Forge. 

Spring  Garden,  Alabama.    See  Ambbrsoxville. 

Spring  Gar'den,  a  post-office  of  Garland  co..  Ark.,  15 
miles  W.  of  Hot  Springs. 

Spring  Garden,  a  post-office  of  Volusia  co.,  Fla. 

Spring  Garden,  a  post-village  in  Spring  Garden 
township,  Jefl'erson  co..  111.,  about  24  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Duquoin.  It  has  a  church,  a  drug-store,  and  2  other 
stores.     Pop.  205. 

Spring  Garden,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa., 
at  Springville  Station  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  7 
miles  N.  of  Columbia,  and  1  mile  W.  by  N.  of  Mount  Joy. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Spring  Garden,  a  former  district  of  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  situated  on  the  N.  side  of  the  city  proper,  and  extend- 
ing from  Sixth  street  westward  to  the  Schuylkill  River, 
and  from  Vine  street  northward  to  a  line  running  between 
Girard  Avenue  and  Poplar  street. 

Spring  Garden,a  township  of  York  co.,  Pa.     P.  3040. 

Spring  Garden,  a  post-office  of  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va., 
about  13  miles  N.N.E.  of  Danville. 

Spring  Garden,  a  post-office  of  Roane  oo.,  W.  Va. 

Spring  Green,  a  post-office  of  Furnas  co.,  Neb. 

Spring  Green,  a  post-village  in  Spring  Green  town- 
ship, Sunk   CO.,   Wis.,  on  the   Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St. 


Paul  Railroad,  36i  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Madison,  and  about 
1  mile  N.  of  the  Wisconsin  River,  which  is  the  soutborn 
boundary  of  tho  township.  It  has  4  churches  and  a  money- 
order  post-office.     Pop.  422;  of  the  township,  1049. 

Spring  <iSrove,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  Fla. 

Spring  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  in  Spring  Qrove  town> 
ship,  Warren  co..  III.,  on  tho  Rockford,  Rock  Island  A  St. 
Louis  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Monmouth.  It  has  a  chnrch' 
Pop.  in  1880.  fil9;  of  tho  townshin,  1400. 

Spring  (irovc,  a  post-townsliip  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa 
about  20  miles  N.  of  Marion.     Pop.  927. 

Spring  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Union  oo.,  Ky. 

Spring  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich. 

Spring  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Houston  co.,  Minn, 
in  Spring  Grove  township,  about  34  miles  S.  of  M'inona,  nni) 
27  miles  S.W.  of  La  Crosse,  Wis.  It  has  a  church.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1306. 

Spring  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Dallas  co..  Mo.,  15 
miles  N.  of  Marshflcld. 

Spring  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harlan  co..  Nob.,  48 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Kearney  Junction. 

Spring  Grove,  a  post-harolct  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C.,  on 
the  line  of  Rowan  co.,  25  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Charlotte. 

Spring  Grove,  or  Winton  Place,  a  village  of 
Hamilton  co.,  0.,  7  miles  N.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  a  sta- 
tion on  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad  and  on  the 
Cincinnati,  Hamilton  A  Dayton  Railroad. 

Spring  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  in  East  Earl  township, 
Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  about  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Reading.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Spring  Grove,  York  co..  Pa.    See  Sprixo  Force. 

Spring  Grove,  township,  Edgefield  eo.,  S.C.    P.  2477. 

Spring  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C. 

Spring  Grove,  a  ])ost-oftico  of  Knox  co.,  Tcnn. 

Spring  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Surry  co.,  Va. 

Spring  Grove,  a  township  of  Green  co..  Wis.    P.  1238. 

Spring  Harbor,  Michigan.    See  Bovne. 

Spring  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Mobile  eo.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Mobile  &  Spring  Hill  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of  Mobile.  It 
is  the  scat  of  St.  Joseph's  College  (Catholic),  Here  are  the 
water-works  for  Mobile. 

Spring  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hempstead  oo..  Ark., 
about  50  miles  W.  of  Camden.     It  has  a  church. 

Spring  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  Fla.,  about  35 
miles  E.  of  Tampa.     It  has  2  churches. 

Spring  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Portland  township, 
Whitesides  co..  III.,  about  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Sterling,  and 
1  mile  S.  of  Rock  River.     It  has  a  church. 

Spring  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Fugit  township,  42  miles  S.W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  a 
church. 

Spring  Hill,  a  station  in  Vigo  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Evana- 
ville  &  Crawfordsville  Railroad,  at  the  crossing  of  the  Terrs 
Haute  A  Cincinnati  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Terre  Haute. 

Spring  Hill,  a  post-hamlct  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Winterset  Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pa- 
cific Railroad,  21i  miles  S.S.W.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  college  or  seminary. 

Spring  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Spring  Hill  township, 
Johnson  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Missouri  River,  Fort  Scott  i 
Gulf  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Olathe,  and  30  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Kansas  City.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  flouriog- 
mill.     Pop.  about  450;  of  the  township,  1187. 

Spring  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sandwich  township, 
Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  64  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Boston,  and  about  i  mile  from  Cape  Cod  Bay.  It 
ha^a  Friends'  meeting. 

Spring  Hill,  a  post-township  of  Steams  co.,  Mina. 
Pop.  417. 

Spring  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston  co..  Mo.,  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Chillicothe.     It  has  2  stores. 

Spring  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gallatin  co.,  Montana, 
at  the  base  of  Ross'  Peak.     It  has  grist-  and  lumber-mills. 

Spring  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Harlan  co..  Neb. 

Spring  Hill,  a  township  of  Wilson  co.,  N.C.  Pop.  63|. 

Spring  Hill,  Fulton  co.,  0.     See  Tedrow. 

Spring  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  in  Tuscarora  township, 
Bradford  co..  Pa.,  about  37  miles  N.W.  of  Scranton.  It  hai 
a  church. 

Spring  Hill,  a  station  in  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
West  Chester  A  Philadelphia  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  Phila- 
delphia.    Here  is  South  Avenue  Post-Office. 

Spring  Hill,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  Pa.    P.  1644. 

Spring  Hill,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  Pa.     P.  1484. 

Spring  Hill,  a  township  of  Lancaster  co.,  S.C.    P.  11-12. 

Spring  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lexington  co.,  S.C,  i 
miles  S.  of  Alston.     It  has  a  church. 


SPR 


2523 


SPR 


n 


k Spring  Hill,  Franklin  co.,  Tcnn.  See  Estill  Spuings. 
Spring  Hill«  a  post-villago  of  Maury  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
9  railroad  which  connects  Nashville  with  Columbia,  30 
iniles  S.  of  Nashville.  It  contains  several  ohurches  and  a 
female  academy.     Pop.  about  600. 

j  Spring  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Navarro  co.,  Tex.,  on 
Richland  Creek,  about  60  miles  S.  of  Dallas.  It  has  a 
jihurch.     Pop.  about  150. 

Spring  Hill,  a  village  of  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  6  miles  W. 
)f  Fort  Defiance.  It  has  2  churches.  Here  is  Long  Glade 
Post-Office. 

Spring  Hill,  a  post-ofiace  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  Va.,  4 
niles  W.  of  Chase  City. 

Spring  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Kanawha  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
;he  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  5i  miles  W.  of  Charleston. 

Spring  Hill,  a  post-village  in  York  co..  New  Bruns- 
vick,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  St.  John,  5  miles  above  Frederic- 
on.     It  contains  saw-,  grist-,  and  carding-mills.  Pop.  250. 

E[  Spring  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Cumberland  co..  Nova 
gcotia,  on  the  Intercolonial  Railway,  121  miles  from  Hali- 
i.\.  Pop.  120. 
Springhill,  York  co.,  Ontario.  See  Kiso. 
Spring  Hill  Academy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co., 
enn.,  8  miles  W.  of  Paris.  Here  are  an  academy  and  a 
inurch. 

Spring  Hill  Coal-Mines,  a  post-village  inCumber- 
and  CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  4  miles  from  Spring  Hill.  It  con- 
ains  a  church,  5  stores,  a  hotel,  and  7  saw-mills.  A  oom- 
lany  is  engaged  in  raising  coal.     Pop.  200. 

Spring  Hill  Depot.    See  Turser's  Station. 

Spring  Hills,  a  post-village  in  Harrison  township, 
champaign  co.,  0.,  5  miles  S.E.  of  De  Graff,  and  1.3  miles 
yr.N.W.  of  Urbana.     It  has  several  churches.     Pop.  172. 

Spring  Hope,  a  post-office  of  Nash  co.,  N.C. 

Spring  Hope,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  co.,  Pa.,  in 
5t.  Clair  township. 

Spring  House,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co., 
?a.,  about  16  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia. 
I  Spring  Plouse,  a  post-office  of  Grainger  co.,  Tenn. 
i  Spring  Lake,  a  post-village  in  Spring  Lake  township, 
)ttawa  CO.,  Mich.,  on  Grand  River,  and  on  the  Detroit  &  Mil- 
vaukee  Railroad,  3  miles  N.N.B.  of  Grand  Haven,  and  13 
niles  S.  of  Muskegon.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  amoney- 
irder  post-office,  5  churches,  4  saw-mills,  2  planing-mills, 
.nd  a  mineral  spring.  It  exports  apples  and  peaches.  Pop. 
156  ;  of  the  township,  2345.  The  township  is  bounded  on 
(he  W.  by  Lake  Michigan. 

Spring  Lake,  a  hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Minn.,  in  Spring 
jake  township,  2  miles  from  Prior's  Lake  Station,  and  8 
niles  S.S.E.  of  Shakopoe.  It  has  a  church  and  a  mill. 
:Iere  is  Maple  Glen  Post-Office.     Pop.  of  township,  519. 

Spring  Lake,  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.  See  Spuixg  Lake 
Jeach. 

Spring  Lake,  or  Pineville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Con- 
uest  township,  Cayuga  CO.,  N.Y.,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Port 
jyron.  It  has  2  churches,  manufactures  of  carriages  and 
mmps,  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Spring  Lake,  a  station  in  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Ihinebock  <fc  Connecticut  Railroad,  11  miles  N.E.of  Rhine- 
liff. 

Spring  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Williams  co.,  0.,  about 

4  miles  N.W.  of  Bryan. 

Spring  Lake,  a  village  in  Coventry  township,  Kent 
o.,  R.I.,  1  mile  from  Washington  Station  of  the  Hartford  & 
'rovidence  Railroad.  It  has  manufactures  of  hosiery  and 
roollen  yarns.     Pop.  68. 

Spring  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Utah  co.,  Utah. 

Spring  Lake,  a  township  of  Pierce  co.,  AVis.    P.  730. 

Spring  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waushara  co.,  Wis.,  in 
darion  township,  on  a  lake,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Berlin. 

Spring  Lake  Beach,  a  summer  resort  of  Monmouth 
0.,  N.J.,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  at  Sea  Girt  Station,  11 
ailes  S.  of  Long  Branch.     It  has  a  large  hotel  and  about 

5  cottages.  Here  is  a  small  lake,  from  which  the  place 
ukes  its  name.  Spring  Lake  Station  on  the  Central  llail- 
oad  is  5  miles  S.  of  Ocean  Grove. 

Spring  Lake  Track,  a  station  in  Le  Sueur  co.,  Minn., 
'tn  the  St.  Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad,  1  mile  E.  of  St.  Peter. 

Spring  Lev'el,  a  post-office  of  Hanover  co.,  Va. 

Spring  Lick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grayson  co.,  Ky.,  on 
he  Paducah  &  Elizabethtown  Railroad,  87  miles  S.S.W.  of 
jouisville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  plough-factory. 

Spring  Meadow,  med'5,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford 
«.,  Pii.,  6  miles  N.  of  Bedford,  and  about  27  miles  S.  by  W. 
j»f  Altoona.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Spring  Mill,  a  village  in  White  Marsh  township,  Mont- 
gomery CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Schuylkill  River,  and  on  the  Read- 


ing Railroad,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  sev- 
eral churches,  1  or  2  blast-furnaces,  and  a  flour-mill.  The 
name  of  its  post-office  is  William  Penn.    Pop.  in  1880,  788. 

Spring  Mills,  a  station  on  the  Western  Maryland 
Railroad,  li  miles  S.W.  of  Westminster,  Md. 

Spring  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Camden  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Gloucester  township,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Woodbury.  It  has 
agricultural  works,  an  iron-foundry,  <fec. 

Spring  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  2i 
miles  from  Milford  Station.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Spring  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y., 
13  miles  S.  of  Andover  Station.  It  has  2  churches  and  . 
cheese-factory. 

Spring  Mills,  a  post-hamlct  of  Richland  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Mansfield,  Coldwater  &  Lake  Michigan,  Baltimore  <fc 
Ohio,  and  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad.*, 
5i  miles  N.W.  of  Mansfield.  It  has  a  church  and  a  grist- 
mill. 

Spring  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Centre  eo..  Pa.,  on 
Penn's  Creek,  and  on  the  Lewisburg  Centre  &  Spruce  Creek 
Railroad,  41  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lewisburg.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  a  tannery,  and 
about  50  dwellings. 

Spring  Mills,  White  co.,  Tenn.    See  Yankee  Towk. 

Spring  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Appomattox  co.,  Va., 
8  miles  S.E.  of  Concord  Depot.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
flour-mill. 

Spring  Mills,  Ontario.    See  Camborne. 

Spring  Mount'ain,  Pennsylvania,  is  situated  in  the 
W.  part  of  Carbon  co. 

Spring  Mountain,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coshocton  co., 
0.,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Coshocton,  and  about  25  miles  E.  of 
Mount  Vernon.     It  has  a  church. 

Spring  Place,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Murray  co., 
Ga.,  about  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Dalton,  and  45  miles  S.E.  of 
Chattanooga,  Tenn.  It  is  surrounded  by  beautiful  moun- 
tain-scenery, and  has  numerous  springs.  It  contains  3 
churches  and  a  masonic  high  school,  and  has  manufactures 
of  oil  and  of  roofing  for  houses.     Pop.  248. 

Spring  Place,  a  hamlet  of  Marshall  oo.,  Tenn.,  4 
miles  from  Petersburg.    It  has  a  church. 

Spring  Point,  township,  Cumberland  co.,  111.     P.  833. 

Spring'port,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Fort  Wayne,  Muncie  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of 
Muncie.     Pop.  nearly  200. 

Springport,  a  post-office  of  Henry  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Kentucky  River. 

Springport,  a  post-village  in  Springport  township, 
Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Lansing  division  of  the  Michi- 
gan Southern  Railroad,  27  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Lansing,  and 
about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Jackson.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  carriage-factory,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill, 
and  a  machine-shop.     Pop.  about  400;  of  township,  1258. 

Springport,  a  post-hamlet  of  Panola  co..  Miss.,  12 
miles  S.E.  of  Sardis. 

Springport,  a  township  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
2175.     It  contains  Union  Springs. 

Spring  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-village  in  Spring 
Prairie  township,  Walworth  co..  Wis.,  about  35  miles  S.W. 
of  Milwaukee,  and  8  miles  E,  by  N.  of  Elkhorn.  It  has  1 
or  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  &c.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1 180. 

Spring  Ranch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  Neb.,  9 
miles  from  Fairfield  Railroad  Station. 

Spring  Uidge,  a  post-village  of  Caddo  parish.  La.,  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Shreveport.     It  has  2  churches. 

Spring  River  rises  in  Lawrence  co..  Mo.,  and  runs 
westward  through  Jasper  co.  into  Kansas.  It  flows  south- 
westward  through  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas,  and  enters  the 
Neosho  River  in  the  N.E.  part  of  the  Indian  Territory, 
where  the  Atlantic  &  Pacific  Railroad  crosses  the  Neosho 
River.     It  is  nearly  150  miles  long. 

Spring  River  rises  by  several  branches  in  Ilowell  and 
Oregon  cos..  Mo.,  and  passes  into  Fulton  co.,  Ark.  It  runs 
southeastward  through  Sharp  co.,  and  enters  the  Black 
River  about  6  miles  above  Powhatan. 

Spring  River,  township,  Lawrence  co..  Mo.    P.  1098. 

Spring  Rock,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
804,  exclusive  of  Wheatland. 

Spring  Run,  a  post-hamlet  in  Fannet  township,  Frank- 
lin CO.,  Pa.,  about  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Chambersburg.  It 
has  3  churches  and  a  tannery. 

Springs,  a  post-village  of  Sufi"olk  co.,  N.Y.,  in  East 
Hampton  township,  on  the  sea-coast,  8  miles  E.  of  Sag 
Harbor.     It  has  about  60  houses. 

Spring  Side,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pottawatomie  co.,  Kan- 
sas, 16  miles  S.E.  of  Waterville.     It  has  a  church. 

Springs  Station,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co.,  111.,  on 


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the  Wabash  Railroad,  50  miles  E.  of  Quinoy.  Station  name, 
Porry  Springs. 

Spring  Station^  a  post-village  in  Grass  township, 
Spenoor  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Ilookport  A  South- 
western Ilailroad,  about  30  miles  £.  of  Evansville.  It  has 
2  ohurohes  and  4  stores. 

Spring  Station,  a  post-office  and  shipping-point  of 
AVoodford  CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  Lexington  division  of  tlio  Louis- 
ville, Cincinnati  &  Lexington  Kailrond,  18  miles  N.W.  of 
Lexington. 

Spring'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benton  oo..  Ark.,  50 
mile:)  S.  of  Neosho,  Mo.  It  has  2  ohurohes  and  a  woollen- 
mill. 

Springtown,  a  village  in  Qreonwioh  township,  Cum- 
berland CO.,  N.J.,  1  mile  from  Greenwich. 

Springtown,  a  hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  about  18 
milos  \y.  of  Morristown. 

Springtown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  4i  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Pliillipsburg.     It  has  a  church,  a  will,  and  a  lime-kiln. 

Springtown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Erie  Railroad  (Wallkill  Valley  Branch),  11  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Kingston.     It  has  a  church. 

Springtown,  a  post-village  in  Springfield  township, 
Buclcs  CO.,  Pa.,  about  10  miles  S.E.  of  Allcntown.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  tannery,  and  a  lime-kiln. 

Springtown,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  Tcnn. 

Springtown,  a  post-village  of  Parker  co.,  Tex.,  30 
miles  W.  of  Fort  Worth.  It  has  a  church,  a  steam  flour- 
mill,  3  dry-goods  stores,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Spring'town,  a  post- village  in  Queens  co..  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  14  miles  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  230. 

Springvale,  Union  co..  111.    See  Spuingville. 

Spring  Vale,  a  township  of  Humboldt  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
272,  exclusive  of  Humboldt. 

Spring'vale,  a  post-oflice  of  Pratt  co.,  Kans.as. 

Springvale,  a  post-village  in  Sanford  township,  York 
CO.,  Me.,  on  Mousam  River,  and  on  the  Portland  &  Roches- 
ter Railroad,  36  miles  W.S.W.  of  Portland.  It  is  finely 
situated  in  a  valley,  and  has  ample  water-power.  It  has 
2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  lumber,  and  shoes. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  189U,  4201. 

Springvale,  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.     Sec  Islington. 

Spring  Vale,  a  post-office  of  Charlevoix  co.,  Mich. 

Spriiigvale,  a  post-township  of  Isanti  co.,  Minn.,  on 
Ruin  River.     Pop.  256. 

Spriiigvale,  a  station  in  York  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Peach 
Bottom  Railroad,  12  miles  S.E.  of  York. 

Springvale,  a  post-haralot  of  Hamblen  co.,  Tcnn.,  5 
miles  S.  of  Russellville  Station. 

Springvale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfax  co.,  Va.,  5  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Herndon. 

Springvale,  a  township  of  Columbia  co.,  Wis.  P.  770. 

Springvale,  township,  Fonddu  Laoco.,  Wis.     P.  1222. 

Spring'vale,  a  post-village  in  Haldimand  co.,  Ontario, 
4  miles  W.  of  Hagersville.     Pop.  120. 

Spring  VaI'ley,  a  post-office  of  Colbert  co.,  Ala.,  7 
miles  S.E.  of  Tuscumbia.     Here  is  a  church. 

Spring  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Ark. 

Spring  Valley,  a  hamlet  of  Calaveras  co.,  Cal.,  17 
miles  N.  of  Milton.     It  has  a  church. 

Spring  Valley,  a  township  of  Colusa  co.,  Cal.   P.  850. 

Spring  Valley,  a  post-village  of  Bureau  co..  111.,  29 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Walnut,  and  19  miles  by  rail  W.  of 
Ottawa.  It  has  2  newspaper  office.',  a  lunibor-inill,  and  an 
elevator.     It  is  in  a  coal -producing  district.     Pop.  3S37. 

Spring  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hamilton  township, 
Decatur  co.,  Iowa,  on  a  branch  of  the  Weldon  River,  about 
38  miles  S.W.  of  Chariton.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Spring  Valley, atownshipofMononaco.,  Iowa.  P.300, 

Spring  Valley,  a  townsiiip  of  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  905,  exclusive  of  Baxter  Springs. 

Spring  Valley,  a  post-office  of  MoPhorson  co.,  Kan- 
las,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Newton.     Pop.  of  township,  237. 

Spring  Valley,  a  post-village  in  Spring  Valley  town- 
ehip,  Fillmore  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  Southern  Minnesota  Rail- 
road, 80  miles  W.  of  La  Crosse,  Wis.,  and  about  30  miles 
E.  of  Austin.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  banking-house, 
a  graded  school,  3  churches,  a  money-order  post-office,  and 
a  pump-factory.     Pop.  about  1200;  of  the  township,  1870. 

Spring  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Sumner  co.,  Miss. 

Spring  Valley,  a  township  of  Shannon  co.,  Mo.  P.  251. 

Spring  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Nuckolls  co..  Neb. 

Spring  Valley,  Bergen  co.,  N.J.     See  New  Milford. 

Spring  Valley,  a  post-village  in  Ramapo  township, 
Rockland  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  Jersey  &  New  York  Rail- 
road and  the  Pierrnvnt  &  Suffem  Branch  of  the  Erie  Rail- 


road, 31  miles  N.  of  New  York.  It  has  a  money-order  pott 
office,  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  distillery,  a  woolleii 
factory,  4c.     Pop.  in  1890,  1028. 

Spring  Valley,  a  hamlet  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  it 
New  Castio  township,  3  miles  from  Sing  Sing.  It  hu  V 
church. 

Spring  Valley,  a  post-village  in  Spring  Valley  town- 
ship, Greene  co.,  0.,  on  Little  Miami  Itivor,  and  on  tlit 
Little  Miami  Railroad,  7  miles  8.  by  W.  of  Xcniii,  and  6? 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  a  woollen  faetory  I 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.  Pop.  290  ;  of  the  township,  155i, 

Spring  Valley,  a  post-offloo  of  Wasco  co.,  Oregon. 

Spring  Valley,  a  hamlet  in  Buckingham  towniliip, 
Bucks  CO.,  Ptt.,  3  miles  from  Doylestown.  It  bu  a  gritt-i 
mill,  a  store,  and  about  15  houses. 

Spring  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grayson  oo.,  V».,  28i 
miles  S.  of  Wytheville.     Mear  it  are  3  churches. 

Spring  Valley,  a  hamlet  in  Bloom  township,  Richlnnd 
CO.,  Wis.,  13  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Richland  Centre.  It  has  a 
church,  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  about  20  houses.  Uere 
is  West  Branch  Post-Office. 

Spring  Valley,  a  township  of  Rock  CO.,  Wis.    P.  1138. 

Spring  Valley,  a  post-hoinlet  of  Pierce  co.,  Wis., 
about  26  miles  N.Jl.  of  Rod  Wing,  Minn.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Spring'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Alabama  iIi;  Chattanooga  Railroad,  28  miles  N.E.  of 
Birmingham.     It  has  3  churches. 

Springville,  a  village  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal.,  2  milM 
from  Rohnerville.  It  has  a  steam  saw-mill  and  a  g^itt- 
mill.     Here  is  Slide  Post-Office. 

Springville,  a  post-office  of  Ventura  co.,  Cal. 

Springville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  III.,  on  tht 
Illinois  Central  Ilailroad,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Cairo, 

Springville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Perry  township,  Law- 
rence CO.,  Ind.,  about  62  miles  S.E.  of  Tcrre  Haute. 

Springville,  a  post-village  in  Brown  township,  Linn 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Dubuque  Southwestern  Railroad,  8  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Marion,  and  14  miles  N.E.  of  Cedar  Ilapidi. 
It  has  several  churches  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  350, 

Springville,  a  vilhigo  of  Greenup  co.,  Ky.,  on  th« 
Ohio  River,  opposite  Portsmouth,  0.  It  has  a  church,  a 
distillery,  and  a  tannery. 

Springville,  a  village  of  Rod  River  parish,  1a.,  1 
mile  E.  of  Cousbatta  Chute.  It  has  2  churches  and  an 
academy. 

Springville,  a  hamlet  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  inWin- 
chendon  township,  2  miles  from  Winchendon  Railroad  Sta- 
tion.    It  has  a  cotton-factory. 

Springville,  a  post- village  in  Cambridge  township, 
Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Adrian.  It 
has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  stores. 

Springville,  a  township  of  Wexford  co.,  Mich.  P.  107. 

Springville,  a  hamlet  of  Wayne  co..  Mo.,  6  miles  from 
Des  Arc. 

Springville,  a  hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Montana,  near 
the  Missouri  River,  about  25  miles  S.E.  of  Helena. 

Springville,  New  Jersey.     See  Montana. 

Springville,  a  post-village  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Con- 
cord township,  on  the  Springville  &  Sardinia  Railroad,  30 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  contains  6  churches,  an  acad- 
emy, a  banking-house,  a  newspaper  office,  a  machine-shop,  2 
grist-mills,  a  woollen-factory,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  tan- 
nery.    It  has  extensive  water-power.     Pop.  in  1890,  1883 

Springville,  a  post-office  of  Cabarrus  co.,  N.C.,  8  miles 
W.  of  Concord. 

Springville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  0.,  26  miles 
E.  of  Mansfield.     It  has  a  church  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Springville,  Chester  co..  Pa,    See  Spni.vo  Citv. 

Springville,  a  hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.,  Pa.,  J  of  a 
mile  from  Boiling  Spring,  and  about  30  miles  N.W.  of 
Chambersburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Springville,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.     See  Spring  Gardf.x. 

Springville,  a  post-village  in  Springville  township, 
Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Montrose  &  Tunkhannock 
Railroad,  14  miles  S.  of  Montrose.  It  has  2  churche',  a 
tannery,  and  2  carriage-shops.    Pop.  of  the  township,  1424. 

Springville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  Term.,  on 
the  Louisville  &  Memphis  Railroad,  11  miles  E.  of  Paris. 
It  has  a  church  and  an  ocademy. 

Springville,  a  post-village  of  Utah  oo.,  Utah,  on  tn« 
Utah  Southern  Railroad,  near  the  E.  shore  of  Utah  Lake,  53 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Salt  Lake  City,  and  5  miles  S.  of  Prove. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  woollen-factory.    Pop.  in  1890,  2849. 

Springville,  a  post-office  of  Tazewell  co.,  Va. 

Springville,  a  township  of  Adams  co..  Wis.   Pop.  3(1. 

Springville,  a  post-village  in  Jefferson  township,  Vet- 


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kon  CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Bad  Axe  River,  32  miles  S.S.E.  of 

|,a  Crosso,  and  about  5  miles  N.W.  of  Viroqua.     It  has  2 

!ihurches»    Pop.  about  150. 

j  Spriiigville,  a  post-village  in  Peterborough  co.,  On- 

trio,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Peterborough.     Pop.  150. 

)  Springville,  a  post-village  in  Pietou  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 

in  the  East  River,  10  miles  from  New  Glasgow,     Pop.  350. 

Spring  Warrior,  a  post-office  of  Taylor  co.,  Fla. 

Spriiig'water,  a  post-office  of  Winneshiek  co.,  Iowa, 

miles  N.  of  Decorah. 

Springwater,  a  township  of  Rock  co.,  Minn.     P.  110. 

Springwater,  a  post-village  in  Springwater  township, 
livingston  co.,  N.Y.,  1  mile  from  Springwater  Station  of 
he  Rochester  division  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  which  is  44 
liles  S.  of  Rochester,  and  about  9  miles  N.E.  of  Dansville. 
t  has  2  churches,  a  foundry,  a  manufactory  of  farming-im- 
ilements,  &o.     Pop.  in  1880,  339;  of  the  township,  2279. 

Springwater,  a  post-office  of  Clackamas  co.,  Oregon. 

Springwater,  a  post-township  of  Waushara  co.,  VVis., 
bout  3"  miles  W.N.W.  of  Oshkosh.     Pop.  471. 

Spring'wells,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
>etroit  River,  about  3  miles  W.  of  Detroit.  It  is  inter- 
acted by  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad.  It  has  3 
hurches,  and  manufactures  of  bricks,  machinery,  and 
obacco.  Pop.  in  1880,  7960.  Springwells  Post-Office  has 
loen  changed  to  West  End. 

Spring'wood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Thomas  co.,  Qa.,  lOi 
biles  S.W.  of  Thomasville.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  lum- 
er-mill. 

Sprinkle's  (sprink'^lz)  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gallia 
0.,  0.,  in  Walnut  township,  about  12  miles  W.  of  Qal- 
ipolis.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Sprockhovel,  sprok'hoVel,  Nieder,  nee'd?r,  and 
•beb,  o'b?r,  two  villages  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  government 
f  Arnsberg.     Pop.  respectively  1952  and  1542. 

Sprogoe,  spro'go*?h,  a  small  island  of  Denmark,  in  the 
treat  Beit,  7  miles  E.N.E.  of  Nyborg.  It  has  a  light- 
louse.     Lat,  55°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  10°  57'  E. 

Sprottau,  sprot't5w,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  38 
liles  N.W.  of  Liegnitz,  on  the  Bober,  here  joined  by  the 
protta,  and  on  the  railway  to  Glogau.  Pop.  6916.  It  has 
mnufactures  of  woollens  and  linens. 

Sprout  Brook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co., 
J.Y.,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Cherry  Valley,  and  about  50  miles 
V^.N.W.  of  Albany.     It  has  a  church  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Sprnce,  a  hamlet  and  township  of  Bates  co.,  Mo.,  about 

miles  N.W.  of  Appleton  City.     Pop.  1506. 

Spruce,  a  post-hamlet  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.,  16  miles  E. 
ly  N.  of  Indiana.     It  has  a  church. 

Spruce  Cor'ner,  a  hamlet  in  Ashfield  township, 
Tranklin  co.,  Mass.,  12  miles  SAY.  of  Shelburne  Falls.  It 
las  a  saw-mill  and  a  manufactory  of  wooden-ware. 

Spruce  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Morris  township, 
luntingdon  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Little  Juniata  River,  and  on 
'he  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Altoona.  It 
:as  2  churches,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Sprucc'dale,  a  hamlet  of  Windham  co..  Conn.,  4  miles 
rom  Putnam. 

Spruce  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa., 
n  the  Peach  Bottom  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Oxford,  It 
las  2  grist-mills. 

Spruce  Ilill,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Douglas 
0.,  Minn.,  40  miles  N.AV.  of  Melrose.     Pop.  125. 

Spruce  Hill ,  a  post-office  of  Juniata  co..  Pa.,  in  Spruce 
lill  township,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Port  Royal,  and  about  25 
uiles  N.N.W.  of  Carlisle.  It  has  an  academy.  Pop.  of 
iho  township,  889. 

Spruce  Mount,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Elko 
o.,  Nev.,  38  miles  from  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad. 

Spruce  Pine,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Ala.,  33 
ailcs  S.  of  Tuscumbia. 

Spruce  Pine,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.,  N.C. 
'   Spruce  Vale,  a  hamlet  in  St.  Clair  township,  Colum- 
)iana  co.,  0.,  7i  miles  N.  of  East  Liverpool. 

Spruce'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  at  Kelly's 
corners  Stiition. 

Spry  Bay,  a  seaport  of  Nova  Scotia,  co.  of  Halifax,  on 
ho  Atlantic  coast,  66  miles  N.E.  of  Halifax.     Pop.  200. 

Spui,  or  Hot  Spui,  hit  spoi,  a  stream  of  the  Nether- 
ands,  province  of  South  Holland.  It  is  a  branch  of  the 
Old  Maas,  separates  the  islands  of  Beyerland  and  Voorn, 
iind  falls  into  the  Ilaringvliet. 

Spurgeon,  spur'jun,  a  post-village  in  Monroe  town- 
pip.  Pike  CO.,  Ind.,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Booneville.    It  has  2 
i>r  3  churches  and  a  mill.     Pop.  200.     Coal  abounds  here. 
'    Spiirgersville,  spiir'gh?rz-vil,  a  hamlet  of  Tyler  co., 
Cex.  50  miles  from  Beaumont  Station.     It  has  a  church. 


Spur'lockville,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  W.  Va. 

Spurn  Head,  a  promontory  on  the  E.  coast  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  York,  East  Riding,  at  the  N.E.  entrance  to  the 
Huniber,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Hull,  with  two  light-houses. 

Spurr  Mine,  a  station  of  the  Marquette,  Houghtcm  & 
Ontonagon  Railroad,  38i  miles  W.  of  Marquette,  Mich. 

Spurr  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Baraga  co.,  Mich. 

Spurr's  Cove,  a  village  adjoining  Fairville,  St.  John 
CO.,  New  Brunswick,  3  miles  from  St.  John.  It  contains  S 
steam  saw-mills.     Pop.  300. 

Spuyten  Duyvil,  spi't'n  dl'vil,  a  post-village  of  New 
Y'ork  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River,  and  on  the  Hudson 
River  Railroad,  12  miles  N.  of  the  city  hall  in  New  York. 
It  has  several  iron-foundries.  Spuyten  Duyvil  Post-Office 
is  a  branch  of  the  New  York  post-office. 

Spuyten  Duyvil  Creek,  a  tidal  channel  within  the 
limits  of  the  city  of  New  York,  and  forming  the  N.  bound- 
ary of  Manhattan  Island.  It  extends  from  Hudson  River 
on  the  W.  to  Harlem  River  on  the  E. 

Spy,  spi,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  about  7 
miles  N.W.  of  Namur.     Pop.  1347. 

Squak,  skwawk,  a  post-office  of  King  eo.,  AVashington. 

Squam  (skwom,  or  An'nisquam)  Bay,  of  Essex  co., 
Mass.,  between  Cape  Ann  and  Castle  Neck,  extends  inland 
about  4  miles. 

Squam  JLake,  New  Hampshire,  is  about  7  miles  E.  of 
Plymouth,  and  is  partly  in  Grafton  co.,  from  which  it  ex- 
tends into  Carroll  co.  It  is  nearly  8  miles  long  and  4  miles 
wide.  It  is  surrounded  by  beautiful  scenery.  The  surplus 
water  passes  through  a  short  outlet  into  the  Merrimac  River. 

Squam magonic.  New  Hampshire.    See  Gonic. 

Squamscot  River,  N.H.     See  Exeteu  River. 

Squan,  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.     See  Manasquan. 

Squankum,  Gloucester  oo.,  N.J.     See  Williamstowk, 

Squankum,  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.  See  Lower  Squankum. 

Squan'nacook,  a  small  river  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass., 
runs  southeastward,  and  enters  the  Nashua  River  about  10 
miles  E.  of  Fitchburg. 

Square  Pond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tolland  co..  Conn., 
about  5  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Stafford  Springs. 

Squaw,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  764. 

Squaw  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Bois6  co.,  Idaho. 

Squaw  Grove,  a  township  of  De  Kalb  co..  111.    P.  886. 

Squaw  Mountain,  Colorado,  is  in  lat.  39°  40'  36"  N., 
Ion.  105°  29'  30"  W.  It  has  an  altitude  of  11,733  feet 
above  the  sea-level. 

Squillace,  skwil-li'chi  (anc.  Sci/lace'um  or  Scyla'- 
eitim),  an  episcopal  town  of  Italy,  in  Calabria,  10  miles 
S.W.  of  Catanzaro.     P.  2759.    See  also  Gulp  of  Squillace. 

Squince,  an  island  of  Ireland.     See  Quince. 

Squinzano,  skwin-zi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Lecce,  7  miles  N.W.  of  the  city  of  Lecce.     Pop.  3507. 

Squiresville,  skwirz'vil,  a  post-office  of  Owen  co.,  Ky. 

Squir'rel  Creek,  Colorado,  rises  in  El  Paso  co.,  runs 
southward,  and  enters  the  Arkansas  River  in  Pueblo. CO., 
about  12  miles  below  Pueblo.     It  is  nearly  90  miles  long. 

Squirrel  Island,  a  village  and  summer  resort  of  Lin- 
coln CO.,  Me.,  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  on  a  small  island  near 
the  mainland,  about  14  miles  S.E.  of  Bath. 

Squir'rel  River,  of  Marathon  co.,  AVis.,  flows  into  tho 
Little  Wisconsin  River  from  the  right. 

Squog  River,  N.H.    See  Piscataquog  River. 

Sravana  Belgula,  sri-vi'ni  bfil-goo'll,  a  well-built 
village  in  Mysore,  India,  33  miles  N.  by  AV.  of  Seringa- 
patam.  There  is  here  a  colossal  statue,  73  feet  high,  of 
Oomuta  Raya,  cut  out  of  the  solid  rock. 

Srebernik,  sri'bfiR-nik'  or  srd'bfiK-neek',  written  also 
Srebernicza,  a  town  of  Bosnia,  30  miles  N.AA^.  of 
Zvornik.  Pop.  1500.  Srebernik  is  also  the  name  of  a 
village  23  miles  S.  of  Zvornik.  Both  have  silver-mines  in 
their  vicinity. 

Sredne  Kolymsk,  srfid'ni  ko-limsk',  a  town  of  East 
Siberia,  province  of  Y'akootsk,  on  the  AV.  bank  of  the  Koly- 
ma, 150  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Arctic  Ocean.    P.  690. 

Srigundi,  sre-gun'de,  or  Srigonda,  sre-gon'd.i,  a 
town  of  India,  Ahmednuggur  district.     Pop.  6175. 

Srimenanti,  sre-mi-nin'tee,  a  petty  state  of  the  Malay 
Peninsula,  lat.  3°  N.,  Ion.  103°  E.,  N.  of  Johore  and  Rum- 
bowe.  Estimated  pop,  8000,  who  send  tin,  sapan-wood, 
wax,  rattans,  and  rice  to  the  British  settlement  of  Malacca. 

Sri  Muttra,  sree  miit'tra,  a  town  of  India,  48  milea 
W.N.AV.  of  Gwalior. 

Sriuagar,  India.    See  Serinagur. 

Sse-Nan-Fou,  China.    See  Se-Nan. 

Sse-Tching-Foo,  a  town  of  China.    See  Se-Tchins. 

Sse-Tchouan,  or  Sse-Tchuan.    See  Se-Chuen. 

Ssimperk,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Schiloberg. 


msj 


2526 


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SiUodlotZf  RuMia.    See  Sibdlec. 

Ssoshf  a  river  of  Kuxgia.    See  Sozr. 

Ssurash,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Soorazb. 

St.  John.  See  Saint  Jonx.  St.  Louis.  See  Saint 
tiixis;  and  so  fur  all  other  names  having  the  prefix  St. 
or  Saint. 

Staab)  or  Staat,  Bohemia.     See  Stab. 

Staatsboygden,  sttUs'buig-dfn,  a  village  of  Norway, 

12  miles  N.W.  of  Trondhjem,  on  tho  N.  side  of  its  fiord. 
StaatHburg,  stAts'barg,  a  po8t-villa);o  in  Hyde  Park 

township,  Dutuhoss  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  lliver,  and  on 
tho  Hudson  Utvor  Railroad,  84  miles  N.  of  Now  York.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Stab)  or  Staab,  st&b  (Bohemian,  Stoda,  sto'dA),  a  town 
of  Bohemia,  11  n.ile8  S'.W.  of  Pilson.     Pop.  1831. 

Stabio,  st&'be-o,  or  Stabbio,  st&b'be-o  (anc.  Stnhii- 
liim  !),  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Ticino,  10  miles 
K.S.E.  of  Lugano.     Pop.  1813. 

Sta'blersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baltimore  oo.,  Md., 
about  .30  miles  N.  of  Uiiltimoro. 

Stabroek,  or  Stabroeck,  st&'brook,  a  town  of  BeU 
giutii,  province  and  S  miles  N.N.W.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  23IJ6. 

Stabroek,  a  town  of  Guiana.    See  Gkoroetown. 

Staceyville,  a  plantation  of  Penobscot  oo.,  Me.  P.  138. 

Stachelbcrg,  stiK'^l-bdito^  a  mountain  of  Switzer- 
land, canton  of  Glarus,  at  the  foot  of  which,  in  tho  Linth 
Valley,  is  a  bathing-establishment,  which  has  recently  risen 
into  repute. 

Stachir,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Gambia. 

Sta'cy,  a  post-oflSce  and  station  of  Chisago  co.,  Minn., 
on  the  Lake  Superior  k  Mississippi  Railroad,  34  miles  N. 
of  St.  Paul.     It  has  a  church, 

Sta'cyville,  a  post-village  in  Stacyville  township, 
Mitchell  CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Little  Cedar  River,  about  32  miles 
N.E.  of  Mason  City,  and  12  miles  N.  of  Osage.  It  has  3 
churches. 

Stad-aan-t'Haringvliet,  8t&t-&nt-h&'ring-fleet\  a 
town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  South  Holland,  in  the  island 
•>f  Overflakkee,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Briel,  on  the  Haringvlict. 

Stadacona,  st&-d&k'o-n&,  a  village  in  Quebec  co.,  Que- 
bec, on  the  river  St.  Charles,  3  miles  from  Quebec.  It  con- 
tains 3  ship-yards  and  several  saw-mills.  Pop.  500.  An 
Indian  village  named  Stadaeona  occupied  tho  site  of  Quebec. 

StadC;  sti'd^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  on  the 
Schwinge,  near  its  mouth  in  tho  Elbe,  22  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Hamburg.  Pop.  8758.  It  has  a  gymnasium,  a  normal 
school,  and  manufactures  of  various  kinds. 

Stadt-ain-Hof,  st&tt-im-hof  (anc.  Jiiparia  /),  a  town 
of  Bavaria,  Upper  Palatinate,  on  an  island  formed  by  the 
Danube,  here  joined  by  the  Regen,  and  opposite  Ratisbon, 
with  which  it  is  united  by  a  long  stone  bridge.     Pop.  2906. 

Stadtberge,  Prussia.    See  Marsderg. 

Stadtel  £nzersdorf,  Austria.    See  Enzersdorf. 

St&dterdorf,  a  town  of  Transylvania.   See  Resixar. 

Stadthagcn^  8t3,tt'hi-gh§n,  a  walled  town  of  Germany, 
In  Schaumburg-Lippe,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Biickeburg,  on  the 
Hanover  k  Minden  Railway.  Pop.  3203.  It  has  a  castle 
and  a  ducal  mausoleum. 

Stadt-Ilm,  a  town  of  Germ.Tny.     See  Ilw. 

Stadtlohn,  stitt'lon,  or  Stadtloen,  st^tt'lon,  a  town 
of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  30  miles  N.AV.  of  MUnster.  Pop. 
2051.     It  has  manufactures  of  linen,  &c. 

Stadtoldendorf,  stitt'ol'd^n-doRf,  a  town  of  Ger- 
many, in  Brunswick,  8  miles  N.E.  of  llolzminden.  Pop. 
2313.     It  has  manufactures  of  linen. 

Stadt-Sulza,  stitt-soolt'si,  a  town  of  Saxe-AVeimar, 
15  miles  N.E.  of  Weimar.     Pop.  1921. 

Staeden,  st&'d^n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flanders, 

13  miles  S.S.W.'of  Bruges.     Pop.  4434. 

St<lfa,  or  Staefa,  sti'fS,,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton and  13  miles  S.E.  of  Zurich,  on  the  N.  shore  of  its  lake. 
Pop.  3841. 

Staffa^  staffa,  a  small  island,  one  of  the  Inner  Hebri- 
des, in  Scotland,  co.  of  Argyle,  from  6  to  8  miles  W.  of 
Mull.  It  is  of  an  irregular  oval  shape,  about  IJ  miles  in 
circumference.  It  is  composed  of  a  ledge  of  rocks  of  con- 
glomerated trap  or  tufa,  to  which  succeeds  a  columnar  ba- 
salt, which  is  covered  by  a  mass  of  shapeless  basalt  with 
small  columns  interspersed  through  it.  The  whole  facade  of 
the  islivnd,  and  the  arches  and  floorings  of  the  caves,  strongly 
resemble  architectural  designs.  The  coast  is  indented  with 
caverns,  of  which  the  most  remarkable  is  Fingal's  Cave,  the 
opening  into  which  is  a  magnificent  archway  66  feet  high 
at  mean  tide,  supporting  a  massive  entablature  of  30  feet 
additional,  and  receding  227  feet  inwards,  the  entire  front, 
as  well  as  the  great  cavernous  sides,  being  composed  of 
eountless  complicated  ranges  of  gigantic  columns,  beauti- 


fully jointed  and  of  most  symmetrical  though  variod  forini 
A  (locply-channellod  fissure,  |)arallel  to  the  sidcii,  extend 
along  tho  whole  length  of  tho  ceiling,  which  is  ornBiiientet 
by  pendent  clusters  of  columns,  whitened  with  culcitreou 
stalagmite.  Tho  water  at  tho  entrance  is  18  foot  deep,  i^ 
the  inner  e.xtreuiity  about  9  feet.  There  are  several  oiiim 
oaves  along  the  coiwt  of  the  island,  of  which  the  munt  iiut» 
worthy  is  called  Clam -Shell  Cave,  30  feet  in  height,  from  U 
to  18  foot  broad,  and  130  foot  long. 

StaPCa,  a  post-village  in  Perth  co.,  Ontario,  2J  milei 
from  Curronbrook.  It  contains  3  stores  and  a  fiourini; 
mill.  * 

Staffelstcin,  stiffQl-stino^  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  tht 
Lauter,  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bamberg,  on  tho  Nuremberg* 
Hof  lOiihv.ay.     Pop.  1665. 

Stafiordf  or  Stall'ordsbirc,  starf^rd-shjr,  an  Inland 
county  of  England,  having  E.  Derbyshire,  N.  Cheshire,  W. 
Shropshire,  and  S.   the  cos.  of  Warwick  and  Worcester. 
Area,  1145  square  miles.     Pop.  (1881)  981,013.     Its  N.Ej 
corner  is  chiefly  moorland,  rising  in  some  places  to  1200  and' 
1500  feet  above  the  sea,  and  continues  N.  with  the  high- 
lands  separating  Yorkshire  ond   Lancashire.     Tho  oentra 
of  the  county  is  level  or  undulating;  in  the  S.  it  is  agiiin 
hilly.     The  Trent  rises  in  this  county,  intersects  its  centre, 
and  then  with  tho  Dove  forms  all  the  E.  boundary.  Miniiii; 
and  manufactures  are  more  important  than  ugricullure,Hiid 
this  county  ranks  among  the  first  in  England  for  inanufac. 
turing  industry.     Very  productive  coal-fields  exist  in  bothi 
tho  N.  and  S.,  where  are  the  extensive  iron-manufacturetj 
of  Wolverhampton,  Wednesbury,  Walsall,  Tipton,  Bilston,  | 
and  Dudley;  and  around  Stoke-upon-Trent  and  liursioml 
is  the  district  of  the  potteries.     The  iron  goods  made  com- 1 
prise  all  articles,  from  nails  to  steam  machinery.    Copper,  I 
lead,  limestone,  sandstone,  marble,  alabaster,  and  pottery- 1 
clay  are  important  mineral  products;  and  around  CheaUla  1 
there  are  extensive  copper-  and  brass-works.     In  addition 
to  all  kinds  of  earthenwares,  silks,  cotton,  ale,  glass,  car-  | 
pets,  hats,  boots,  shoes,  and  chemical  pro(lucts  arc  made.  ■ 
Nearly  all  parts  of  Staffordshire  are  intersected  by  canals  and  1 
railways,  it  contains  the  city  of  Lichfield,  and  the  boroughi  | 
of  Stafford,  Walsall,  Tamworth,  Wolverhampton.  Newcastle-  ! 
under-Lyme,  Stoke-upon-Trent,  and  Dudley,  besides  nearly^ 
20  market-towns  and  upwards  of  1000  villages  and  bain-  i 
lets.     Exclusive  of  boroughs,  it  sends  four  members  to  th*  | 
House  of  Commons.  j 

Stafford,   a  town  of  England,  capital  of  the  abora  I 
county,  on  the  Sow,  at  a  railway  junction,  25  miles  N.N.W.  ; 
of  Birmingham.     Pop.  12,212.    It  is  irregularly  but  neatly  i 
built.      In  the  centre  of  its  main  street  is  the  market- 
square,  with  the  county  hall,  and  near  this  are  the  2  parish  ; 
churches.  The  other  chief  edifices  are  tho  castle,  tho  county 
jail,    lunatic   asylum,   general    infirmary,   and  gramaiar- 
school.      Shoes  and  leather  are  largely  made.     The  tOhu  , 
sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Statford,  staf'fvrd,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Vir- 
ginia, has  an  area  of  about  260  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  tho  E.  by  the  Potomac  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  tho 
Rappahannock,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Acquia  Creek.  Tin 
surface  is  hilly,  and  nearly  half  of  it  is  covered  with  furests. 
The  soil  is  not  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  oats 
are  the  staple  products.  Gold  and  granite  are  found  in 
this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Richmond,  Fredericks- 
burg (t  Potom.ic  Railroad.  Cajiital,  Stafford  Court-llouse. 
Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $2,000,000.  Pop.  in 
1870,  6420,  of  whom  6369  were  Americans;  in  1880,  7211. 

Stafford,  a  post-town  of  Tolland  co..  Conn.,  watered  itj 
the  head-streams  of  the  Willimantic  River,  and  intersected 
by  tho  New  London  Northern  Railroad,  20  miles  N.  by  W. 
of  AVillimantic,  and  about  25  miles  N.E.  of  Hartford.  It 
contains  several  manufacturing  villages,  the  most  important 
of  which  are  Stafford  (or  Stafford  Furnace),  Stafford  Springs, 
Staffordville,  and  West  Stafford.  The  village  of  Stafford, 
or  Stafford  Furnace,  has  2  churches,  a  hotel,  several  stores, 
and  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  of  the  township  (1880),  4455. 

Stafford,  a  township  of  Do  Kalb  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  584. 

Stafford,  a  township  of  Greene  oo.,  Ind.    Pop.  841. 

Stafford,  a  post-township  of  Stafford  co.,  Kansas,  30 
miles  S.E,  of  Lamed.   It  has  several  stores.   Pop.  (1880)  876. 

Stafford,  a  township  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.     Pop.  1514. 

Stafford,  a  post-village  of  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Staf- 
ford township,  on  Black  Creek,  on  a  branch  of  tho  New 
I'ork  Central  Railroad,  and  on  the  Attica  Branch  of  the 
Erie  Railroad,  5J  miles  E.  of  Batavia,  and  4  miles  W.  of 
Lo  Roy.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1818. 
It  contains  Roanoke  and  Morganville. 

Stafford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  0.,  in  Franklin 
township,  about  24  miles  N.N.E,  of  Marietta.    It  has  3 


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2527 


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churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  planing-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  a 
town  hall,  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  about  250. 

Stafford,  a  post-village.of  Fort  Bend  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Galveston,  Harrisburg  <fc  San  Antonio  llailroad,  20  miles 
S.W.  of  Houston. 

Stafford,  a  post-village  in  Renfrew  co.,  Ontario,  47 
miles  from  Sand  Point.     Pop.  100. 

Stafford  Court-House,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Stafford  CO.,  Va.,  2i  miles  from  Brooke's  Station,  about  2 
miles  W.  of  the  Potomac  River,  and  73  miles  N.  of  Rich- 
mond.    It  has  a  church. 

Stafford  Point,  a  post-office  of  Catahoula  parish,  La. 

Staffordshire,  England.    SeeSxAFFonD. 

Stafford  Springs,  a  post-borough  in  Stafford  town- 
ship, Tolland  co.,  Conn.,  at  the  junction  of  the  head-streams 
of  the  Willimantic  River,  and  on  the  New  London  North- 
ern Railroad,  .37  miles  N.  by  AV.  of  Norwich,  and  about  25 
miles  N.E.  of  Hartford.  It  contains  4  churches,  2  national 
banks,  a  savings-bank,  a  large  hotel  especially  designed 
i  for  summer  boarders,  a  newspaper  office,  2  cotton-mills,  and 
4  woollen-mills.  Hero  are  mineral  springs  which  have  for 
many  years  been  resorted  to  on  account  of  the  medicinal 
quality  of  the  waters.     Pop.  in  1880,  2081. 

Stafford  Store,  a  post-office  of  Stafford  co.,  Va. 

StaPfordsville,  a  post- village  of  Giles  co.,  Va.,  12 
miles  from  Dublin.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flouring-mill, 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Staffordville,  a  post- village  of  Tolland  co..  Conn.,  in 
Stafford  township,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Stafford  Springs.  It  has 
2  churches,  an  iron-foundry  and  machine-shop,  and  woollen- 
mills  which  produce  cassimeres,  <fco. 

Stafford ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Tuckerton  Railroad,  5  miles  N.N.E.  of  Tuckcrton.  It  has 
a  church. 

Stage  Pond,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hernando  co.,  Fla. 

Stageton,  staj'tgn,  a  station  in  Pickaway  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Scioto  Valley  Railroad,  25  miles  S.  of  Columbus, 

Stagg's  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  861. 

Stagira,  the  ancient  name  of  Stavros. 

Stag  Island,  or  lie  aux  Cerfs,  eel  o  sint,  a  small 
island  in  the  river  St.  Clair,  5  miles  below  Port  Sarnia. 

Staglieno,  stAl-yi'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  2  miles  E.  of 
Genoa,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Bisagno. 

Stagno  Grande,  std.n'yo  gr&n'dd,  or  Stol,  stol,  a 
town  of  Dalmatia,  26  miles  N.W.  of  Ragusa,  on  the  penin- 
sula of  Sabioncello.     It  has  extensive  salt-works. 

Stagnone,  st&n-yo'ni,  a  group  of  islets  in  the  Medi- 
terranean, off  the  W.  coast  of  Sicily,  from  which  they  are 
separated  by  a  narrow  channel,  1.3  miles  S.S.W.  of  Trapani. 
The  largest  is  about  2  miles  long. 

Stagno  Piccolo,  stin'yo  pik'ko-lo,  a  village  of  Dal- 
matia, N.N.E.  of  Stagno  Grande,  with  a  good  harbor  on 
the  Channel  of  Narcnta. 

Stag'viile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.C,  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Durham  Station. 

Stahlstown,  stawlz'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmore- 
land CO.,  Pa.,  about  45  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Staines,  st^nz,  a  town  of  England,  in  Middlesex,  at  its 
S.W.  extremity,  on  the  Thames,  at  the  influ.x  of  the  Colne, 
19  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Paul's,  London,  at  a  railway  junc- 
tion.    Pop.  3464. 

Staked  Plain,  Texas.    See  Llano  Estacado. 

Stal'bridge,  a  town  of  England,  in  Dorset,  on  abranch 
of  the  Stour,  6i  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sherborne.     Pop.  2096. 

Sta'ley's  Station  on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington 
&  Western  Railroad  is  SJ  miles  W.  of  Champaign,  111. 

Stalimni,  sti-lim'nee,  orLimni,  lim'nee,  written  also 
Stalimene  (anc.  Lemnoa  ;  Gr.  Aij/iivof,  Lemuos),  an  island 
belonging  to  Turkey,  in  the  ^Egean  Sea,  40  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Mount  Athos.  Area,  160  square  miles.  Pop.  8000.  It 
consists  of  two  peninsulas,  separated  by  the  harbors  of 
Paradiso  and  San  Antonio.  The  surface  is  mountainous, 
with  extinct  craters.  The  soil  is  fertile  in  corn,  oil,  wine, 
fruits,  <fec.  The  capital,  Lemnos,  on  the  W.  coast,  has  1000 
inhabitants,  a  citadel,  a  harbor,  and  ship-building  docks. 

Stalla,  stirii,  or  Bivio,  bee've-o,  a  village  of  Swit- 
rorland,  canton  of  Orisons,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Chiavenna,  at 
the  foot  of  the  Col  du  Julier,  5774  feet  above  the  sea. 

Stallati,  st41-li'tee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  11 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Catanzaro.     Pop.  2206. 

Stallupohnen,  stAl'loo-po^n^n,  a  town  of  East  Prus- 
sia. 16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Gumbinnen.     Pop.  3760. 

Sta'lybridge,  or  Sta'ley  Bridge,  a  town  of  England, 
cos.  ot  Lancaster  and  Chester,  at  the  junction  of  several 
railways,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Stockport.  Pop.  21,092,  mostly 
•ngaged  in  cotton-manufactures. 


Stambool,  or  Stamboul.     See  Ccvstantinoplb. 
Stainbruges,  st6M'bruzh',  or  Estambruges,  4s'. 

tftM'briizh',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  11  miles 
W.N.AV.  of  Mons. 

Stam'ford,  a  borough  of  England,  cos.  of  Lincoln  and 
Northampton,  on  the  Wellnnd  River,  at  a  railway  junction, 
11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Peterborough.  Pop.  7846.  The  prin- 
cipal buildings  are  5  parish  churches,  the  town  hall,  thea- 
tre, and  assembly-rooms.  The  Welland  is  navigable  hence 
to  the  sea.  The  malting  and  retail  trade  is  considerable. 
Stamford  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 
Immediately  S.  of  the  town  is  Burleigh,  the  seat  of  the 
Marquis  of  Exeter. 

Stamford,  stam'fprd,  a  handsome  post-town  in  Stam- 
ford township,  Fairfield  co..  Conn.,  on  Long  Island  Sound, 
and  on  the  New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford  Railroad,  36 
miles  N.E.  of  New  York,  and  22  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Bridge- 
port. It  has  a  good  harbor  for  vessels  drawing  8  feet  of 
water,  and  has  daily  communication  with  New  York  by 
steamboat.  It  contains  a  fine  town  hall  of  stone  and  brick 
which  cost  $140,000,  many  elegant  residences,  10  or  12 
churches,  a  high  school,  2  national  banks,  2  savings-banks, 
2  newspaper  offices,  and  the  Stamford  Military  Institute. 
The  hills  in  the  vicinity  of  Stamford  have  been  embellished 
with  villas  and  parks  by  citizens  of  New  York  who  pass 
the  summer  here.  Stamford  has  a  woollen-factory  and 
other  factories,  and  here  are  the  works  of  the  Yale  Lock 
Manufacturing  Company.     Pop.of  township  (1880),  11,297. 

Stamford,  a  post-village  in  Stamford  township,  Dela- 
ware CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Ulster  &  Delaware  Railroad,  70  miles 
N.W.  of  Kingston,  and  about  30  miles  S.E.  of  Cooperstown. 
It  has  2  or  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures 
of  woollen  goods  and  water-wheels.  The  township  is  drained 
by  the  West  Branch  of  the  Delaware  River,  and  contains 
Utsayantha  Mountain,  said  to  be  3365  feet  high.  Pop.  of 
the  township  in  1880,  1638:  of  the  village,  522. 

Stamford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bennington  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Stamford  township,  5  miles  N.E.  of  North  Adams,  Mass., 
and  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bennington.  It  has  2  churches,  2 
lumber-mills,  a  stave-factory,  and  chemical  works.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  633. 

Stam'ford,  a  post- village  in  Welland  co.,  Ontario,  3 
miles  N.W.  of  the  Falls  of  Niagara.     Pop.  300. 

Stampsc,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Etajipes. 

Stampalia,  st^m-pi-lce'i,  or  Istampalia,  is-t&m- 
pi-Iee'i,  an  island  of  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  20  miles 
S.E.  of  Amorgos.  Area,  50  square  miles.  Pop.  1500.  The 
chief  villages  are  Sant'  Andrea  and  Livorno. 

Stamp  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Bartow  co.,  Ga. 

Stamp'er's  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Orange  co., 
Ind.  It  contains  2  churches.  Pop.  827.  Stamper's  Creek 
Post-Office  is  about  35  miles  W.N.W.  of  New  Albany. 

Stampfen,  st3,rap'f§n,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  10 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Presburg.     Pop.  3182. 

Stamphane  Islands.    See  Stuivali  Islands. 

Stamp'ing  Ground,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Ky., 
21  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lexington.     It  has  2  churches. 

Stamps  Land'ing,  Wilkinson  co..  Miss.,  is  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  19  miles  W.  of  Woodville.  Here  is  a 
large  island,  bounded  on  several  sides  by  the  Homochitto 
River  and  Buffalo  Bayou. 

Standard  Rock,  or  Stan'nard's  Rock,  a  reef  and 
shoal  of  Lake  Superior,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Keweenaw  Point. 
Here  a  light-house  is  in  construction. 

Stan'ard's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co., 
N.Y.,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Wellsville.     It  has  a  church. 

Stan'ardsville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Greene  co., 
Va.,  about  5  miles  E.  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  and  20  miles  N.  of 
Charlottesville.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  in  1880,  308. 

Stan'berry,  a  post-village  of  Gentry  co.,  Mo.,  43  miles 
by  rail  N.W.  of  Gallatin.     Pop.  in  1880,  1207. 

Stan'bridge  £ast,  a  post-village  in  Missisquoi  oo., 
Quebec,  on  Pike  River,  7  miles  from  Stanbridge  Station.  It 
has  2  churches,  an  academy,  <fec.     Pop.  500. 

Stanbridge  Station,  a  post-village  in  Missisquoi 
CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railway,  43  miles 
S.E.  of  Montreal.     It  has  3  hotels  and  2  stores. 

Stan'bury,  a  post-village  in  Missisquoi  co.,  Quebec,  tt 
miles  from  West  Farnhara.     Pop.  175. 

Stanch'field,  a  post-township  of  Isanti  co.,  Minn.,  10 
miles  W.  of  Rush  City.     Pop,  408. 

Stanchio,  or  Stancho,  an  island.    See  Cos, 

Stand'ard,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Mo. 

Standard,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the  AU 
leghany  Valley  Railroad,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Stand'art  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Iowa  co.,  Wis. 

Stand'fold,  or  Stan'fold,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barron 


STA 


2528 


STA 


CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Red  Codar  River,  about  &6  miles  N.  hj  W. 
of  Eau  Claire.     It  has  a  church  and  a  luuiber-mill. 

8tand'ing  Kock,  a  post-village  of  liorewan  co.,  Da- 
kota, on  the  Missouri,  60  miles  bolow  Bismarck.     Pop.  440. 

Standiug  Stone*  a  post-hamlet  in  Standing  Stone 
township,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  loft  bank  of  the  Sus- 
quehanna River,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania  <t  New  York 
}<ailroad,  8  miles  below  Towanda.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  905. 

Standing  Stono*  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co.,  Tenn. 

Stnnd'ing  Stune  Creek*  of  Pennsylvania,  enters 
the  Juniata  in  Huntingdon  co. 

Stan'dish,  a  |)ost-village  in  Standish  township,  Cum- 
berland CO.,  Me.,  about  16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Portland,  and 
2  miles  S.  of  the  Portland  &  Ogdonsburg  Bailroad.  It  has 
4  ohurohes,  and  manufactures  of  coopers'  ware,  sugar-boxes, 
and  lumber.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  ISUO,  1811. 

Standish,  a  post-village  of  Arenac  co.,  Mich.,  26  miles 
by  rail  S.S.K.  of  West  Brunch,  6  miles  (direct)  S.W.  of 
Omer,  and  about  37  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Bay  City.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  bunk,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of 
shingles,  telegraph-poles,  hoops,  and  lumber.     Pop.  611. 

Stand'ley,  a  station  of  the  Baltimore  i,  Ohio  Railroad, 
Chicago  division,  8}  miles  E.  of  Defiance,  0. 

Stau'don,  or  Snint  Le'on*  a  post-village  in  Dor- 
chester CO.,  Quebec,  3S  miles  from  Quebec.     Pop.  250. 

Stan'field  Mills,  a  village  in  Prince  co.,  Prince  £d- 
\rard  Island,  20  miles  from  Summerside.     Pop.  120. 

Stanfold,  Wisconsin.     See  Stanpfold. 

Stan'fold,  or  Princeville,  a  village  in  Arthabaska 
00.,  Quebec,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  55  miles  from 
Quebec.  It  contains  a  foundry,  a  tannery,  a  carding-mill, 
a  church,  a  college,  and  15  stores.     Pop.  2500. 

Stan'ford,  a  township  of  Clay  co..  111.     Pop.  1.349. 

Stanford,  a  post-village  in  Allen  township,  McLean 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Jacksonville  Branch  of  the  Chicago  &  Alton 
Railroad,  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bloomington.  It  has  3 
churches.     Pop.  274. 

Stanford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Ind.,  10  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Bloomington,  and  about  50  miles  S.E.  of  Terre 
Ilaute.     It  has  2  churches. 

Stanford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  Iowa,  about 
15  miles  N.W.  of  Marshalltown.  It  contains  a  Friends' 
seminary  and  2  churches. 

Stanford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kingman  oo.,  Kansas,  26 
miles  S.  of  Hutchinson. 

Stanford,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lincoln  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Knoxville  Branch  of  the  Louisville  &  Great  Southern 
Railroad,  104  miles  S.E.  of  Louisville,  and  about  38  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Lexington.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  newspaper 
office,  the  Stanford  Female  College,  2  national  banks,  6 
churches,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  steam  grist-mill.   Pop.  1200. 

Stanford,  a  township  of  Isanti  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  313. 

Stanford,  a  post-office  of  Texas  co.,  Mo.,  6  miles  S.W. 
of  Houston. 

Stanford,  a  township  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.    P.  2139. 

Stanford,  a  township  of  Barron  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  542. 

Stan'fordviile,  a  post-village  in  Stanford  township, 
Dutchess  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Poughkeepsie  &  Eastern  Rail- 
road, 18  miles  N.E.  of  Poughkeepsie.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
biblical  institute,  a  grist-mill,  a  paper-mill,  &o.     P.  340. 

Stan'hope,  a  post-village  in  Byram  township,  Sussex 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Morris  &  Essex  Railroad,  and  on  the  Mus- 
conetcong  River  and  the  Morris  Canal,  10  miles  W.  of 
Dover,  and  about  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Morristown.  It  has 
iron-works  and  3  churches. 
.  Stanhope,  a  post-office  of  Nash  co.,  N.C.,  about  30 
miles  E.  of  Raleigh. 

Stanhope,  a  small  hamlet  of  Monroe  oo.,  Pa.,  near 
"tannersville. 

Stanhope,  a  station  in  Schuylkill  oo..  Pa.,  on  the 
Schuylkill  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  3  miles  E.  of  Pine 
Orove. 

Stan'hope,  a  seaport  on  the  N.  coast  of  Prince  Edward 
Island,  CO.  of  Queens,  with  a  harbor  for  small  craft. 

Stanhope,  a  post-village  in  Stanstead  co.,  Quebec, 
near  the  Vermont  boundary,  1  mile  from  Norton  Mills,  Vt. 
It  haa  2  stores,  a  saw-  and  grist-mill,  and  a  granite-quarry. 

Stanislaus,  stin-is-lOw',  a  county  of  California,  is 
near  the  middle  of  the  state.  Area,  about  1350  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  San  Joaquin  River,  is 
])artly  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Stanislaus,  and  is  also 
drained  by  the  Tuolumne  River.  The  surface  is  mostly 
level,  but  the  S.W.  part  is  occupied  by  hills  or  low  moun- 
tains of  the  Coast  Range.  This  county  is  nearly  destitute 
of  forests.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  barley,  wool, 
h»j,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.     Gold  is  found  here, 


but  the  inhabitants  are  mostly  cm)iloyed  in  agriculture. 
It  is  intersected  by  several  brancbes  of  the  Southern  Puotfir 
Railroad,  one  of  which  connects  with  M(Hlestu,  the  capital 
Pop.  in  1870,  6490;  in  1880,  S751 ;  in  1890,  10,010. 

Stanislaus  River,  California,  is  formed  by  the  North 
and  South  Forks,  which  rise  in  the  Sierra  Nevada  in  Al- 
pine CO.  and  unite  about  10  miles  N.  of  Sonora.  It  rum 
nearly  southwestward,  forms  the  S.E.  boundary  of  Culo- 
rcroa  co.,  intersects  Stanislaus  co.,  and  enters  the  San 
Joaquin  River  about  22  miles  S.  of  Stockton.  It  is  nearly 
200  miles  long,  including  one  fork.  The  North  Fork  runs 
southwestward,  and  forms  part  of  the  boundary  between 
Tuoluuino  and  Calaveras  cos.  The  South  Fork  runs  nearly 
westward  in  Tuolumne  oo. 

Stanislawow,  8t4n-is-l4'*ov,a  town  of  Austrian  Oo- 
licia,  betwceen  two  arms  of  the  Bistritz,  75  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Leinberg.    Pop.  14,479.    It  has  a  gymnasium,  hospiul,  4o. 

Stnnitz,  a  town  of  Moravia.     See  Stkinitz. 

Stan'ley,  a  township  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West 
Riding,  2  miles  N.N.E.  of  Wakefield,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the 
Calder.  The  Aire  &  Caldcr  Canal  here  crosses  the  river  by 
a  magnificent  aqueduct.     Pop.  10,305. 

Stanley,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Perth,  6i  miles  bj 
rail  N.  of  Perth.     Pop.  032. 

Stan'ley,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  South  Dakota, 
has  an  area  of  about  1155  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Missouri  River,  and  is  intersected  by  Bad 
River.     Pop.  in  1880,  793;  in  1890,  1028. 

Stanley,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Kansas. 

Stanley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Buffalo  co..  Neb.,  on  Wood 
River,  12  miles  N.AV.  of  Kearney. 

Stanley,  Morris  co.,  N.J.    See  Chathau. 

Stanley,  a  post-village  of  Seneca  township,  Ontario 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  at  its  junction 
with  the  Sodus  Point  &  Southern  Railroad,  11  miles  S.E. 
of  Canandaigua,  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Geneva,  and  34  milei 
S.  of  Sudus  Point.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Stanley,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co.,  0. 

Stanley,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Tenn.,  on  tba 
Tennessee  River,  8  miles  from  Chattanooga. 

Stanley,  a  post-village  in  York  co..  New  Brunswick, 
on  Nashwaak  River,  28  miles  N.  of  Frcdericton.    Pop.  150. 

Stanley,  or  Port  Stanley,  a  seaport  town,  capital 
of  the  Falkland  Islands,  and  the  seat  of  an  Anglican  bishop, 
on  Port  William  Inlet,  and  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  East  Falk- 
land. It  hiis  a  government  house  and  2  churches.  Chief 
exports,  junk,  wool,  hides,  horns,  and  seal  fur.  It  has  a 
good  harbor,  but  stands  in  a  bleak  position.     Pop.  350. 

Stanley,  Port,  Ontario.    See  Pout  Stanley. 

Stanley's  Bridge,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co.,  Prince 
Edward  Island,  23  miles  from  Charlottetown. 

Stanley's  Creek,  Gaston  co.,  N.C.    See  Brevard. 

Stanley's  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Peel  co.,  Ontario, 
6i  miles  from  Malton.     Pop.  200. 

Stan'leyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Marietta,  Pittsburg  &  Cleveland  Railroad,  at  Stanley 
Station,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Marietta. 

Stanly,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  North 
Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  390  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Yadkin  River,  and  on  the  S.  by 
Rocky  River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  mostly  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Gold  is  said  to 
be  found  in  this  county.  It  is  traversed  by  a  branch  of 
the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  which  connects  with 
Albemarle,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  8315;  in  1880, 
10,505;  in  1890,  12,136. 

Stan'nard,  a  post-office  of  Caledonia  oo.,  Vt.,  in  8t»n- 
nard  township,  about  30  miles  N.E.  of  Montpelier.  Pop.  ot 
the  township,  228. 

Stannard's  Rock.    See  Stanaud  Rock. 

Stanovoi,  sti'no-voi',  Stannovoi,  stin'no-voi',  or 
Yablonoi  (Jablonoi,yil-blo-noi')  Mountains, along 
mountain-chain  of  East  Asia,  extending  between  hit.  5U** 
and  67°  N.  and  from  Ion.  110°  E.,  chiefly  in  Transbai- 
kalia and  Russian  Manchooria,  and  afterwards  prolonged 
through  the  province  of  Okhotsk  and  the  Chookcliee 
country  to  Behring  Strait.  Total  length,  estimated  at  3000 
miles.  It  is  usually  called  Yablonoi  in  the  W.  part,  and 
Stanovoi  towards  the  E.  extremity.  This  chain  separates 
the  basins  of  Lake  Baikal  and  the  Lena  on  the  N.  from  the 
basin  of  the  Amoor  on  the  S.E.  The  principal  ramifications 
are  those  which  cover  the  government  of  Irkootsk,  and  the 
mountains  of  Kamchatka.  As  far  N.  as  lat.  55°  their 
lower  portions  are  clothed  with  dense  forests;  N.  of  lat. 
65°  they  are  covered  with  snow,  and  separate  the  basial 
of  the  Anadeer  and  Indighirka. 


STA 


2529 


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Staii'stcad,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Quebec.  Area, 
408  square  miles.  It  contains  Lake  Massawippi  and  a  part 
of  Lake  Memphremagog.    Capital,  Stanstcad.    Pop.  1.3,138. 

Stanstead,  a  town  of  Quebec,  capital  of  the  above 
county,  on  the  Montreal  &  Vermont  Railroad,  16  miles  N.E. 
of  Newport,  Vt.,  and  76  miles  E.S.B.  of  Montreal.  It  is  a 
port  of  entry,  and  has  a  large  and  increasing  business,  a 
branch  bank,  4  churches,  and  a  woollen-factory.    Pop.  1000. 

Stanton,  stS.n't9n,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Kansas, 
bordering  on  Colorado,  has  an  area  of  about  660  square 
miles.    The  surface  is  nearly  level. 

Stanton,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Nebraska,  has 
nn  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Elk- 
horn  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Maple  and  Taylor  Creeks. 
The  surface  is  undulating  and  monotonously  beautiful.  The 
loil  is  fertile.  The  greater  part  of  it  is  prairie.  Wheat, 
maize,  oats,  and  grass  are  the  staple  products.  Timber  and 
fuel  are  scarce  in  this  county.  The  surface-rock  is  a  soft 
sandstone  of  the  cretaceous  formation.  Capital,  Stanton. 
iValuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $300,000.  Pop.  in 
1870,  636;  in  1876,  1223;  in  1880,  1813. 

Stanton,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co.,  Cal. 

Stanton,  a  post-village  of  New  Castle  co.,  DeL,  near 
Christiana  Creek  and  the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  &  Bal- 

iimore  Railroad,  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Wilmington.     It  has  3 
hurcbes,  a  flour-mill,  2  woollen-mills,  and  fertilizer-works. 
Stanton,  of  Illinois  and  Indiana,     See  Staunton. 
Stanton,  a  township  of  Champaign  co.,  111.  Pop.  1088. 
Stanton,  a  post- village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
ri3urlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Red 
lOak.    Pop.  in  1880,  247. 

Stanton,  a  township  of  Plymouth  CO.,  Iowa.     Pop.  275, 

Stanton,  a  township  of  Linn  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  520. 

Stanton,  a  post-village  in  Stanton  township,  Miami 
so.,  Kansas,  on  the  Osage  River,  about  12  miles  AV.  of 
Paola,  and  30  miles  S,  by  E,  of  Lawrence.  Pop.  of  the 
:ownship,  in  1880,  904. 

Stanton,  a  post-hamlet,  capital  of  Powell  co.,  Ky.,  on 
R.ed  River,  about  42  miles  E.  by  S,  of  Lexington.  It  has 
!  churches. 

Stanton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich., 
n  Day,  Evergreen,  and  Sidney  townships,  on  a  branch  of 
he  Detroit,  Lansing  &  Lake  Michigan  Railroad,  62  miles 
^.N.W.  of  Lansing,  and  about  15  miles  N.E.  of  Greenville. 
'.t  has  2  newspaper  offices,  a  banking-house,  a  union  school, 
i  lumber-mill,  3  churches,  4  shingle-mills,  3  planing-mills, 
ind  2  flouring-mills.     Pop.  in  1880,  1760. 

Stanton,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Goodhue  co., 
ivlinn.,  about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Faribault.  Pop.  512. 
'  Stanton,  or  Stanton  Copper-Mines,  a  post-village 
if  Franklin  co..  Mo.,  on  Marameo  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis 
i  San  Francisco  Railroad,  at  Stanton  Station,  5  miles  W.S.W. 
^f  St.  Louis.     It  has  a  church  and  a  copper-mine. 

Stanton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Stanton  co..  Neb.,  on 
he  Elkhorn,  and  on  the  Sioux  City  A  Pacific  Railroad,  122 
biles  (90  miles  direct)  W.N.W.  of  Omaha,  and  40  miles  N. 
if  Columbus.     It  has  a  newspaper  office  and  a  flour-mill. 

Stanton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Readington  township,  Hun- 
erdon  co.,  N..J.,  on  the  Easton  &  Amboy  Railroad,  22  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Phillipsburg,  and  about  28  miles  N.  of  Trenton, 
t  has  2  churches. 

Stanton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co..  Pa.,  in  Rose 
ownship,  5  miles  S.  of  Brookville.     It  has  3  churches. 

Stanton,  or  Stanton  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Jlay- 
i^ood  CO.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Louisville  &  Memphis  Railroad, 
4  miles  E.N.E.  of  Memphis.     It  has  3  or  4  churches  and 

lumber-mill.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Stanton  Depot. 

Stanton,  a  township  of  Dunn  co..  Wis.     Pop.  503. 

Stanton,  a  township  of  St.  Croix  co..  Wis.     Pop.  482. 

Stanton,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  32  miles 
V.  of  Gilford.     Pop.  100. 

Stanton  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y. 
;  Stanton  Junction,  a  station  of  the  Detroit,  Lansing 
k  Northern  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  its  Stanton  Branch, 
I  miles  N.W.  of  Ionia,  Mich. 

!  Stan'tonsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilson  co.,  N.C.,  on 
Moccasin  Creek,  about  50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Raleigh.  It  has 
|.  church  and  an  academy. 

f  Stanton's  Mill,  a  post-bamlot  in  Jenner  township, 
Somerset  co.,  Pa.,  14  miles  S.  from  Johnstown.  It  has  a 
^our-mill,  2  lumber-mills,  and  a  woollen-factory. 

Stan'tonville,  a  hamlet  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C,  3  miles 
f.E.  of  Belton. 

Stantonville,  a  post-office  of  McNairy  co.,  Tenn,, 

bout  42  miles  S.S.E.  of  Jackson. 
i  Stnn'wich,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfield  co.,  Conn.,  about 

2  miles  W.  of  Norwalk.     It  has  2  churches. 


Stan'wix,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rome  township,  Oneida  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Mohawk  River  and  the  Erie  Canal,  2  miles 
from  Rome,  and  about  11  miles  N.AV.  of  Utica. 

Stan'wood,  a  post-village  in  Fremont  township,  Cedar 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  at  its 
junction  with  the  Stanwood  <fc  Tipton  Railroad,  10  miles 
N.  of  Tipton,  and  29  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Cedar  Rapids,  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  257. 

Stanwood,  a  post-office  of  Leavenworth  co.,  Kansas, 
about  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lawrence, 

Stanwood,  a  post-village  in  Mecosta  township,  Me- 
costa CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad, 
near  the  Muskegon  River,  47  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Grand 
Rapids.     It  has  2  lumber-mills. 

Stanwood  (formerly  Centreville),  a  post-hamlet  of 
Snohomish  co.,  Washington,  near  Puget  Sound. 

Stanz,  or  Stantz,  stints,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton of  Unterwalden,  capital  of  its  lower  division,  7  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Lucerne.  Pop.  2070.  Its  town  hall  contains  a 
series  of  historic  portraits ;  in  its  market-place  is  the  statue 
of  Arnold  von  Winkelried,  a  native  of  Stanz;  and  near  the 
town  is  a  monument  to  the  inhabitants  of  the  town  mas- 
sacred  by  the  French  in  1798. 

Stap'horst,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Overyssel, 
11  miles  N.E.  of  Zwolle.     Pop.  of  the  parish,  4763. 

Sta'plehurst,  a  post-office  of  Seward  co.,  Neb. 

Staple's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Guadalupe  co.,  Tex. 

Stapleton,  sta'pel-ton,  a  post-office  of  Jeflferson  co.,  Ga. 

Stapleton,  a  post-township  of  Chickasaw  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  1139.  Stapleton  Post-Office  is  on  Crane  Creek,  about 
30  miles  N.E.  of  AVaverly. 

Stapleton,  a  post-village  of  Richmond  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
New  York  Bay,  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Staten  Island,  and  on 
the  Staten  Island  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  by  W.  of  New  York. 
It  has  9  churches,  3  newspaper  offices,  the  Seaman's  Re- 
treat, an  observatory,  a  savings-bank,  gas-works,  6  brew- 
eries, several  factories,  &c.     Here  are  many  fine  residences. 

Stapleton,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  Tenn. 

Stapleton  Island,  an  island  of  the  uiiddlo  cluster  of 
the  Bonin  Islands,  in  the  North  Pacific  Ocean. 

Stapleton  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Amherst  co.,  Va. 

Stappen,  Norway.    See  Mother  and  Daughters. 

Star,  a  hamlet  of  Ouachita  co..  Ark.,  15  miles  E.  by  N. 
of  Camden. 

Star,  a  post-office  of  Rush  co.,  Ind.,  at  Ging's  Station, 

Star,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Iowa. 

Star,  a  post-hamlet  of  Graham  co.,  Kansas,  38  miles  N. 
of  Wa  Keeney. 

Star,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vernon  co.,  Wis.,  in  Stark  town- 
ship, on  the  Kickapoo  River,  about  37  miles  S.E.  of  La 
Crosse.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Staraia-Koossa,  or  Staraia-Russa,  sti-ri'i 
roos'si,  written  also  Rnssa-Stnroi,  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  36  miles  S.  of  Novgorod,  on  a  river  which 
flows  into  Lake  Ilmen.  It  is  enclosed  by  ramparts,  and 
has  an  imperial  palace,  salt-works,  and  a  large  trade  in 
flax,  linseed,  timber,  and  flour.     Pop.  14,756. 

Starasol,  sti'ri-sol',  or  Starosoi,  sti'ro-sol',  a  town 
of  Austria,  in  Galicia,  10  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Sambor.    P.  4045, 

Star'buck  (or  Star'bruck)  Island,  in  the  Pacifio 
(lat.  5°  37'  S.,  Ion.  156°  56'  W.),  was  discovered  in  1823. 
It  affords  guano,  which  is  carried  to  the  wharf  by  rail-carl 
propelled  by  wind  and  sails.     It  has  no  fixed  inhabitants. 

Star  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lincoln  co.,  Ark,, 
is  15  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Toronto  Railroad  Station,  It  con- 
tains a  court-house  and  Lyell  College. 

Star  City,  a  post-village  in  Van  Buren  township, 
Pulaski  CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis 
Railroad,  19  miles  N.N.W.  of  Logansport.  It  has  2 
churches,  an  elevator,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop,  250, 

Star  City,  a  post-office  of  Missaukee  co.,  Mich. 

Stare  Miasto,  sti'rd  me-is'to  (or  m'yis'to),  or  Alte 
Sambor,  LVli,  sim'bor,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  12 
miles  from  Sambor.     Pop.  3355. 

Stare  Miesto,  8tA.'r4  me-Ss'to  (or  m'yJs'to),  or  All- 
stadt,  iU'stitt,  a  town  of  Moravia,  circle  of  Olmutz,  at 
the  foot  of  the  Schneeberg. 

Stargard,  staB'gaut,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania, 
on  the  navigable  Ihna,  21  miles  by  railway  E.S.E.  of  Stet- 
tin. Pop.  20,173.  It  has  a  gymnasium,  and  manufac- 
tures of  woollen  cloth,  linens,  hosiery,  tobacco,  brandy,  hats, 
soap,  and  leather. 

Stargard,  a  walled  town  of  West  Prussia,  27  miles 
S.W.  of  Dantzio,  on  the  Ferse,  Pop.  6022.  It  has  Roman 
Catholic  and  Lutheran  churches. 

Stargard,  a  town  of  Mecklenburg-Strelitz,  14  miles 
N.E.  of  Neu-Strelitz.     Pop,  2013. 


KTA 


2530 


STA 


Star  Hill,  a  post-oflioe  of  Barbour  oo.,  Ala. 

Sturia,  t!tA^roo'&,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in  AU 
bania,  40  niilos  S.  of  OchriJa. 

8tari  Krym,  Uussia.    See  Stah  KkUm. 

Stari  Mnidaiif  Rt&'roe  inA.'d&n',  a  village  of  Bosnia,  on 
the  Siinnn,  32  miles  W.  of  Uuninlooka. 

Starit/a,  8tl-rit'8&,  a  town  of  Uussia,  government  and 
41  miles  W.S.W.  of  Tver,  on  the  Vol^a.     I'op.  5600. 

Stari  Zadar*  an  lilyrian  name  of  Zaua-Vkcciiia. 

Stark,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an 
area  of  about  290  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Spoon 
River.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Indian  oorn,  wheat,  oats,  hiiy,  cattle,  and  ])ork  are  the 
staple  products.  Mines  of  bituminous  coal  have  been 
opened  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Peoria  it 
Rock  Island  Railroad  and  the  Buda  <fc  Ilushville  Branch 
of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  A,  Quincy  Railroad.  Capital, 
Toulon.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $7,795,364. 
Po^.  in  1870,  10,751 ;  in  1880,  11,207. 

Stark,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an  area 
of  about  580  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Tus- 
carawas River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Nimishillen,  Sandy, 
and  Sugar  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  nearly 
one-fifth  of  it  is  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  oak, 
ash,  sugar-maple,  beech,  and  elm  are  found.  The  soil  is 
very  f«rtile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  butter,  hay,  oats,  cattle, 
wool,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  pro- 
duced in  1870  1,238,428  pounds  of  butter,  and  more  than 
any  other  county  of  the  state.  It  hiis  mines  of  bituminous 
coal.  Limestone  underlies  a  largo  part  of  the  soil.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Ohio  Canal,  and  by  railroads 
named  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  ifc  Chicago,  the  Cleveland 
&  Pittsburg,  and  the  Valley.  Capital,  Canton.  Valuation 
of  real  and  personal  estate,  $47,884,648.  Pop.  in  1870, 
52,508,  of  whom  44,728  were  Americans;  in  1880,  64,031. 

Stark,  a  post-office  of  Butts  co.,  Ga.,  23  miles  E.  of 
Griffin. 

Stark,  a  station  in  Stark  co..  111.,  on  the  Peoria  &  Rock 
Island  Railroad,  26  miles  N.N.W.  of  Peoria. 

Stark,  or  Starks,  a  post-hamlet  in  Stark  township, 
Somerset  co.,  Me.,  about  34  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Augusta.  It 
has  2  churches  and  1  or  more  saw-mills.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1083. 

Stark,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  476. 

Stark,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chisago  co.,  Minn.,  about  44 
miles  N.  of  St.  Paul.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  siiw-mill. 

Stark,  a  township  of  Hickory  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1130. 

Stark,  a  post-hamlet  in  Stark  township,  Coos  co.,  N.II., 
on  the  Ammonoosuc  River,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Rail- 
way, about  14  miles  N.E.  of  Lancaster.  It  has  a  church 
and  1  or  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  of  township,  464. 

Stark,  a  township  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.     Pop.  1398. 

Stark,  a  township  of  Vernon  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  899. 

Starke,  stark,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Indiana, 
has  an  area  of  about  300  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.W.  by  the  Kankakee  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the 
Yellow  River.  The  surface  is  level,  and  is  diversified  with 
prairies,  woodlands,  and  small  lakes.  Hay,  Indian  corn, 
•wheat,  Ac,  are  the  staples.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad.  Capital, 
Kno.K.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $1,200,000. 
Pop.  in  1870,  3888;  in  1880,  5105. 

Starke,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Bradford  co.,  Fla.,  on 
the  Atlantic,  Gulf  &  West  India  Transit  Railroad,  45  miles 
S.W.  of  .lacksonville.  It  has  a  church,  a  seminary,  and  a 
grist-mill.     Pop.  in  1880,  292. 

Starke  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  Fla. 

Starkenbach,  staR'k^n-b^K^  a  town  of  Bohemia,  25 
miles  N.  of  Bidschow.     Pop.  2946. 

Starkenbur^,  stan'k^n-booRo',  a  province  of  Hesse, 
Germany,  E.  of  the  Rhine.  Area,  1164  square  miles.  Pop. 
370,170. 

Starkesville,  starks'vil,  a  hamlet  of  Lamar  co.,  Tex., 
about  80  miles  E.  of  Sherman. 

Starke's  Wharf,  a  shipping-point  of  Baldwin  co., 
Ala.,  on  Mobile  Bay,  10  miles  E.  of  Mobile. 

Stark'ey,  a  post-village  in  Starkey  township,  Yates 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Northern  Central  Railro.ad,  11  miles  N. 
of  Watkins,  and  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Penn  Yan.  It  has  3 
churches  and  the  Starkey  Seminary.  The  township  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  Seneca  Lake,  and  contains  a  larger 
village,  named  Dundee.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2729. 

Star  Kriim,  or  Stari  Krym,  st&'re  kriim  (Tartar, 
Etkee-Kroom  or  Eakee-Kriim),  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Taurida, 
10  miles  W.  of  KaflFa.     Pop.  1143. 

Starks,  a  station  in  Kane  co..  111.,  on  the  Chicago  & 
Pacific  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Elgin. 


Starks,  Somerset  co.,  Me.    See  Stahk. 

Starksborough,  stsirks'biir-ruh,  a  post-village  of 
Addinon  co.,  \'t.,  in  Starksborough  township,  about  20 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Burlington.     Pop.  of  the  township,  136|, 

Stark's  Point,  a  post-office  of  Pacific  co.,  Wasbington' 
on  Gray's  Bay,  a  part  of  the  Columbia  River.  ' 

Stark'ville,  a  mining  post-village  of  Las  Animni  oo, 
C«l.,  in  Raton  Pass,  on  the  Atchison,  Topoka  A  Santa  F6 
Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Trinidad.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Starkville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Ga.,  near  Muok 
alee  Creek,  3  miles  from  Leesburg,  which  is  on  the  South- 
western Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Albany.  It  has  3  chanhea 
and  a  grist-inill.     Pop.  about  75. 

Starkville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Oktibbeha  co.. 
Miss.,  22  miles  W.  of  Columbus.  It  is  on  the  Starksvilla 
Branch  of  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad.  It  contain*  a 
court-house,  2  newspaper  offices,  6  churches,  and  a  funulo 
seminary.     Pop.  1500. 

Starkville,  a  post-village  in  Stark  township,  llorkimcr 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  27  miles  E.S.E.  of  Utica,  and  9  miles  S. 
by  E.  of  Little  Falls.  It  has  2  churches,  a  cotton-factory, 
Ac.     Pop.  174. 

Stark  Water,  a  post-hamlct  in  Stark  township,  Cooi 
CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  2  miles  N.E.  of 
Stark.     It  has  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Star  Lime- Works,  a  post-office  of  Lyon  co.,  Ky.,oii 
the  Tennessee  River,  about  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Padunah 
Here  are  2  lime-kilns. 

Star  Mines,  a  village  in  Van  Buren  township.  Clay 
CO.,  Ind.     Pop.  199. 

Staro  Constantinov,  Russia.    See  Constaxtinot. 

Starodoob,Starodoub,orStarodub,ni-ro-doob', 
a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  100  miles  N.E.  of  Cher- 
nigov. Pop.  n.-liiS.  It  is  enclosed  by  earthen  rampart), 
and  has  a  cathedral  and  a  monastery. 

Star  of  the  West,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co..  Ark.,  on 
the  Little  Missouri  River,  50  miles  W.  of  Arkadulphia. 

Staroi  Ilykhof,  sti-roi'  be-Kof,  a  town  of  Uussia, 
government  and  26  miles  S.  of  Moheelev,  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Dnieper.     Pop.  5172.     It  h.as  churches  and  convents. 

Staroi  Oskol,  sti-roi'  6s-kor,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment and  70  miles  E.S.E.  of  Koorsk.     Pop.  7191. 

Starosol,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia.     See  Starasol. 

Star  Place,  a  post-office  of  Panola  co.,  Miss. 

Star  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-village  in  Star  PralrU 
township,  St.  Croix  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Apple  River,  about  18 
miles  N.E.  of  Stillwater,  Minn.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  saw- 
mill, Ac.  New  Richmond  Station  on  the  North  Wisconsin 
Railroad  is  in  this  township.     Pop.  of  township,  944. 

Starr,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Texas,  borders  on 
Mexico.  Area,  about  2000  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.  by  the  Rio  Grande.  The  surface  is  nearly  level. 
The  greater  part  of  it  is  a  plain  or  prairie,  in  which  timber 
and  running  water  are  scarce.  The  soil  produces  pasture 
for  cattle  and  sheep.  Capital,  Rio  Grande  City.  Valuation 
of  real  and  personal  estate,  $750,434,  Pop.  in  1870,  4154, 
of  whom  1090  were  Americans;  in  1880,  8304. 

Starr,  a  township  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  565. 

Starr,  a  township  of  Coffey  co..  Kansas.     Poj).  265. 

Starr,  a  post-office  in  Starr  township,  Hocking  co.,  0. 
Starr  township  is  about  26  miles  S.E.  of  Lancaster,  and  it 
drained  by  the  Hocking  River.  Coal  abounds  in  it.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1551. 

Starr,  post-office,  Forest  co.,  Pa.,  6  miles  from  Tionosta. 

Starr's  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  Ga.,  4  milei 
from  Brooks'  Station.     It  has  an  academy  and  a  grist-milL 

Starrucca,  Pennsylvania.    See  Starucca. 

Starr'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smith  co.,  Tex.,  about  16 
miles  N.E.  of  Tyler.  It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy. 
Pop.  about  200. 

Star'ry  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Va., 
about  40  miles  N.W.  of  Danville.     It  has  2  churches. 

StarsoAV,  a  village  of  Bohemia.     See  Dittersbach. 

Start,  a  point  and  light-house  of  Scotland,  in  the  Ol)l- 
ncys,  the  easternmost  extremity  of  the  island  of  Sandill. 
Lat.  69°  16'  36"  N. ;  Ion.  2°  22'  W. 

Star  Tan'nery,  a  post-office  of  Frederick  co.,  Va. 

Start  Point,  a  headl.and  near  the  S.  extremity  of  the 
CO.  of  Devon,  England,  9i  miles  S.S.W.  of  Dartmouth, 
with  a  light-house  and  revolving  light  204  feet  above  the 
sea.     Lat.  60°  13'  4"  N. ;  Ion.  3°  38'  W. 

Starucca,  or  Starrucca,  sta-riik'ka,  a  post-borough 
of  Wayne  co..  Pa.,  on  Starucca  Creek,  and  on  the  .Jefferson 
Branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  28  miles  N.  of  Carbondale. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  large  tannery,  Ac. 

Starucca  Creek  rises  in  Wayne  co..  Pa.,  and  enters 
the  Susquehanna  River.  -' 


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Starucca  Vi'aduct,  a  noble  structure  near  Lanes- 
borough,  Susquehanna  CO.,  Pa.  Here  the  Erie  Railroad 
orosscl  Starucca  Creek  by  a  bridge  of  stone  1200  feet  long 
and  110  foet  high,  with  18  arches. 

Star  VaI'ley,  a  post-oflSce  of  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas. 

Stary  Sainbor,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  SAsiBon. 

Stassfurt,  stAss'fooitt,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  at 
a  railway  junction,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Magdeburg.  It  has 
mines  of  rock  salt  and  of  potash  salts.     Pop.  11,263. 

.Staszow,  sti'shov,  a  town  of  Poland,  in  Radom,  30 
miles  W'.S.W.  of  Sandomier,  on  the  Czarna.     Pop.  6078. 

State  Bridge,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Verona 
township,  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie  Canal  and  the  Oswego 
Midland  Railroad,  13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Rome,  and  4  miles 
N.  of  Oneida.  It  has  a  church  and  a  glass-factory.  See 
also  Messengerville. 

Stateburg,  stat'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sumter  co., 
S.C,  in  Stateburg  township,  2i  miles  from  Claremont  Sta- 
tion.    It  baa  2  churches.     Pop.  of  township  in  1880,  3061. 

State  Centre,  a  post-village  in  State  Centre  township, 
Marshall  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Rail- 
road, 14  miles  W.  of  Marshalltown,  and  about  40  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  banking-house,  a  graded  school,  &o.  Pop,  in  1880, 
880  ;  of  the  township,  1639. 

State  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Barton  co.,  Kansas. 

State  College,  kol'llj,  a  post-hamlet  of  Centre  co., 
Pa„  in  College  township,  10  miles  S.  by  ^V.  of  Bellefonte, 
and  about  22  miles  N.W.  of  Lewistown.  Here  is  an  agri- 
cultural college,  called  the  Pennsylvania  State  College, 
which  was  founded  by  the  state  in  1S59,  has  11  professors, 
and  an  endowment  of  $500,000.  It  is  open  to  students 
of  both  sexes. 

State  Line,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co..  Ark.,  on 
the  southern  line  of  the  state,  00  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hope. 

State  Line,  a  station  of  the  New  London  Northern 
Kailroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Stafford  Springs,  Conn.  It  is  on  the 
S.  boundary  of  Hampden  co.,  Mass. 

State  Line,  a  station  of  the  Rhinebeck  &  Connecticut 
Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Connecticut  Western  Rail- 
road, 41J  miles  E.  by  N.  of  llhinecliff.  It  is  on  the  line 
between  Connecticut  and  New  York, 

State  Line,  a  post-office  of  Heard  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  W. 
boundary  of  the  state,  about  68  miles  S.W.  of  Atlanta. 

State  Line,  a  station  of  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern 
Railroad  (Milwaukee  division),  on  Lake  Michigan,  45  miles 
N,  of  Chicago,  III. 

State  Line,  a  station  of  the  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw 
Railroad,  on  the  eastern  boundary  of  Illinois,  11  miles  E. 
of  Watseka. 

State  Line,  Lake  co.,  Ind,     See  Hammoxd. 
!    State  Line,  Steuben  oo.,  Ind,    See  Ray, 

State  Line,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
western  boundary  of  the  state,  and  on  the  Wabash  Rail- 
iroad,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Danville,  III.  It  has  a  money-order 
bost-office  and  3  churches.  Pop.  about  500. 
!  State  Line,  a  station  of  the  Joplin  Railroad,  17i  miles 
3.E.  of  Girard,  Kansas. 

State  Line,  Maryland.  See  Ellerslie. 
i  State  Line,  a  post-village  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  on 
the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  bound- 
ary between  Massachusetts  and  New  York,  11  miles  S.W. 
)f  Pittsfield.  It  is  a  terminus  of  the  West  Stockbridge 
Hailroad,  3  miles  W.  of  West  Stockbridge. 
.  State  Line,  a  post-office  of  Freeborn  co.,  Minn.,  in 
!vunda  township,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Albert  Lea. 

State  Line,  Mississippi.    See  State  Like  Station. 
'    State  Line,  a  station  of  the  Burlington  &  Missouri 
liver  Railroad,  8  miles  S.S.W,  of  Bedford,  Iowa,     It  is  on 
he  N.  boundary  of  Missouri, 

State  Line,  a  station  of  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad, 
,[  mile  W.  of  Kansas  Cify,  Mo. 

State  Line,  a  station  of  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad, 
!  miles  W.  of  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

State  Line,  a  hamlet  and  station  of  Cheshire  co., 
\'.II.,  on  the  Cheshire  Railroad,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Keene. 
t  has  a  munufaetory  of  pails  and  wooden  spoons. 

State  Line,  Rockingham  co.,  N.H.    See  Messer's. 

State  Line,  a  station  in  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Jonneeticut  line,  where  the  Connecticut  Western  Railroad 
joins  the  Poughkeepsie,  Hartford  &  Boston  Railroad,  li 
uiles  E.  of  Millerton,  N.Y. 

State  Line,ahamletof  Washington  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Poult- 
ley  River,  and  on  the  railroad  from  Rutland  to  Whitehall, 
1  miles  W.  of  Fair  Haven,  Vt.     It  has  a  woollen-mill. 
.   State  Line,  a  station  of  the  Elmira  State  Line  Rail- 
■oad,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Elmira,  N.Y. 


State  Line,  a  station  of  the  Delaware,  Lack.awanna  & 
Western  Railroad,  llj  miles  S.E.  of  Binghaniton,  N.Y.  It 
is  on  the  line  between  New  York  and  Pennsylvania. 

State  Line,  a  station  in  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  on  the  rail- 
road betvpeen  Youngstown  and  Sharon,  li  miles  S.W.  of 
Sharon,  Pa. 

State  Line,  Bradford  co..  Pa.    See  Fassett. 

State  Line,  Franklin  co..  Pa,    See  Maso.n  and  Dixoh, 

State  Line,  a  station  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad 
(Bedford  division),  6  miles  N.  of  Cumberland,  Md.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  line. 

State  Line,  a  station  of  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  & 
Western  Railroad,  on  the  Delaware  River,  7  miles  S.  of  the 
Water  Gap. 

State  Line,  Erie  co.,  Pa.    See  Northville. 

State  Line,  a  post-office  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C. 

State  Line,  a  station  of  the  Dalton  &  Cleveland 
Branch  Railroad,  16  miles  S.  of  Cleveland,  Tenn.,  and  on 
the  lino  between  Georgia  and  Tennessee. 

State  Line,  Giles  co.,  Tennessee.    See  Veto. 

State  Line,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn. 

State  Line,  a  station  of  the  Harlem  Extension  Rail- 
road, 7  miles  N.W.  of  Bennington,  Vt.,  and  on  the  line  be- 
tween New  York  and  Vermont. 

State  Line  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  McKean  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Buffiilo,  New  York  &  Philadelphia  Railroad,  9  miles 
S.E.  of  Olean,  N.Y.     It  has  a  large  lumber-mill. 

State  Line  Station,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.. 
Miss.,  on  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  63  miles  N.  by  W. 
of  Mobile.  It  is  in  a  dense  pine  forest,  1  mile  froui  the 
state  boundary.  It  has  2  churches,  the  State  Line  Acad- 
emy, and  manufactures  of  yellow-pine  lumber,  rosin,  and 
turpentine.     Pop.  about  800. 

Staten  Island,  Pacific  Ocean.     See  Itooroop. 

Staten  (stat'^n  or  stah't^n)  Island,  an  island  of  Terra 
del  Fuego,  at  the  S.  extremity  of  South  America,  separated 
by  Le  Maire  Strait  from  King  Charles'  South  Land.  Length, 
45  miles.  Surface  steep,  and  shores  very  much  indented. 
At  its  E.  extremity  is  Cape  St.  John,  in  lat.  54°  40'  S. 

Stat'en  Island,  the  most  southern  part  of  New  York 
state,  constitutes  the  co.  of  Richmond  (which  see).  It  is  13 
or  14  miles  long,  and  is  5  miles  S.W.  of  the  city  of  New 
York.  It  is  separated  from  Long  Island  by  the  Narrows, 
and  from  New  Jersey  by  two  narrow  channels  called  Staten 
Island  Sound  and  Kill  van  Kull,  the  latter  of  which  con- 
nects New  York  Bay  with  Newark  Bay.  The  surface  is 
moderately  hilly,  and  is  diversified  with  beautiful  scenery 
and  adorned  with  many  fine  mansions  and  villas.  The 
largest  village  on  the  island  is  New  Brighton,  which  is  on 
the  northern  shore.  Fort  Richmond  and  Fort  Wadsworth, 
situated  on  or  near  the  Narrows,  defend  the  entrance  to 
New  York  City. 

Staten  Island  Sound,  a  narrow  channel  which  sep- 
arates Staten  Island  from  Middlesex  and  Union  cos.  of 
New  Jersey,  and  extends  from  Raritan  Bay  northward  to 
Newark  Bay.  It  is  less  than  1  mile  wide  in  most  places. 
Steamboats  plying  between  New  York  and  South  Amboy 
pass  through  this  sound. 

Stat'enviile,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Echols  co., 
Ga.,  near  the  Appalachee  River,  about  16  miles  S.E.  of 
Valdosta,  and  10  miles  W.  of  Staten ville  Station,  or  Huckle- 
berry. (See  Huckleberry.)  It  has  a  church.  Sugar  is 
made  hero. 

State  lload,  a  station  of  the  Rochester  iS;  State  Line 
Railroad,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Rochester,  N.Y. 

State  Road,  a  post-hamlet  of  Surry  co.,  N.C.,  45 
miles  N.  of  Statesville. 

State  Road,  a  station  in  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Painesville  &  Youngstown  Railroad,  5i  miles  N.AV.  of 
Warren. 

State  Road  Crossing,  Michigan.    See  Maxwell. 

Statesborougli,  stats'bur-rah,  a  post-village,  capital 
of  Bulloch  CO.,  Ga.,  about  50  miles  N.W.  of  Savannah.  It 
has  a  court-house  and  a  jail. 

Statesbnrg,  South  Carolina.     See  Stateburo. 

Statesville,  stats'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Autauga  co., 
Ala.,  about  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Selma.     It  has  a  mill. 

Statesville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C., 
in  Statesville  township,  on  the  Western  Railroad  of  North 
Carolina,  at  its  junction  with  the  Atlantic,  Tennessee  <fc 
Ohio  Railroad,  25  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Salisbury,  and  47 
miles  N.  of  Charlotte.  It  contains  6  churches,  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  bank,  a  male  college,  and  a  female  college,  and  has 
manufactures  of  leather,  tobacco,  Ac.  Pop.  in  1380,  1062; 
of  the  township,  2967. 

Statesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilson  co.,  Tenn.,  about 
40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Nashville. 


I 


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Stn'tion  Camp,  a  post-office  of  Entill  oo.,  Ky. 

Station  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Covington  co.,  MIm. 

Station  Eleven,  Ueorgia.    See  Spikus. 

Station  Fifteen,  a  post-hamlot  of  Harrison  eo.,  0., 
in  Monroe  township,  on  the  Pan-Handle  Uaiirond. 

Stat'lcr's  Run,  a  post-office  of  Monongaliaco.,  W.  Va. 

Staubbach,stdwb'D&K  ("dust-stream"),  a  matorfall  of 
Switzerland,  canton  of  Born,  in  the  Oberland,  1  uiile  S.  of 
Lauterbrunnen.  It  streams  over  the  top  of  a  rock,  and, 
after  falling  for  800  or  900  feet,  is  dispersed  by  the  wind 
before  reaching  the  bottom  of  the  valley,  and  so  resembles  a 
vast  horso-tail,  whence  the  name. 

Staufen,  stSw'ffn,  a  town  of  Baden,  10  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Freiburg.  Pop.  1893.  Near  it  are  the  ruins  of  the  old 
castle  of  Staufen. 

Stanffer,  stfiw'f^r,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co.. 
Pa.,  on  the  Mount  Pleasant  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 
Bailroad,  li  miles  S.  of  Mount  Pleasant.    It  has  coke-works. 

Staunton,  stawn'tfn,  a  post-village  in  Staunton  town- 
ship, Macoupin  oo.,  III.,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  14  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Litchfield,  and  36  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
It  has  a  money-order  post-office,  a  banking-house,  6 
ohurohcs,  and  a  cigar-factory.     Pop.  in  1880,  1358. 

Staunton,  a  post-village  in  Posey  township,  Clay  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  &  Torre  Haute  Railroad, 
4  miles  S.W.  of  Brazil,  and  12  miles  E.  of  Terre  liauto.  It 
has  valuable  mines  of  block-coal.  It  contains  3  churches, 
a  graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  stave-factory.   Pop.  689. 

Staunton,  Missouri.     Sec  Stanton. 

Staunton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Concord  township,  Fayette 
CO.,  0.,  on  Sugar  Creek,  4J  miles  S.  of  Washington,  and 
about  32  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  union  school. 

Staunton,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  0.     Pop.  1317. 

Staunton,  a  town,  capital  of  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  is  situ- 
ated in  the  fertile  and  beautiful  valley  which  is  bounded  on 
the  S.E.  by  the  Blue  Ridge,  on  the  Chesapeake  <fc  Ohio 
Railroad,  136  miles  W.N.W.  of  Richmond,  39  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  Charlottesville,  and  about  60  miles  N.  of  Lynch- 
burg. It  contains  a  court-house,  10  churches,  a  national 
bank,  1  other  bank,  a  high  school,  the  Augusta  Female 
Seminary,  the  Staunton  Female  Seminary,  the  Virginia 
Female  Ini<titute,  a  Methodist  female  institute,  the  Western 
Lunatic  Asylum,  an  institution  for  the  deaf,  dumb,  and 
blind  which  was  founded  by  the  state  and  educates  about 
700  pupils,  the  Staunton  Iron-Works,  and  several  flouring- 
mills  and  planing-mills.  Three  weekly  newspapers  are  pub- 
lished here.  Staunton  is  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Harper's 
Ferry  &  Valley  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad. 
Pop.  in  1880,  6664. 

Staunton  River,  Virginia,  rises  in  Montgomery  co., 
and  runs  eastward  through  Roanoke  co.  to  the  Blue  Ridge, 
which  it  intersects.  It  is  said  to  descend  nearly  1000  feet 
in  a  distance  of  20  miles.  It  subsequently  flows  southeast- 
ward, forms  the  boundary  between  the  cos.  of  Franklin, 
Pittsylvania,  and  Halifax  on  the  right,  and  Bedford,  Camp- 
bell and  Charlotte  on  the  left,  and  unites  with  the  Dan 
River  to  form  the  Roanoke.  It  is  about  200  miles  long. 
The  name  of  Roanoke  is  sometimes  given  to  part  or  all  of 
this  river  which  is  above  the  mouth  of  the  Dan. 

Staunton  River,  a  station  in  Halifax  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  and  on  Staunton  River,  50 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Danville. 

Staunton  River  Depot,  a  village  of  Pittsylvania 
CO.,  Va.,  on  Staunton  River,  and  on  the  Virginia  Midland 
Railroad,  28  miles  S.  of  Lynchburg.  It  has  2  churches. 
Here  is  Hurt's  Store  Post-Office. 

Staunton's  Mill,  Pennsylvania.    Sec  Stanton's  Mill. 

Stavanger,  sti-ving'gh^r,  a  seaport  town  of  Norway, 
stift  of  Christiansand,  capital  of  an  amt,  on  the  Bukke-Fiord, 
an  inlet  of  the  North  Sea,  100  miles  S.  of  Bergen.  Lat.  58° 
68'  N.;  Ion.  5°  56'  E.     Pop.  (1885)  23,911. 

Stavanger,  an  amt  in  the  S.W.  of  Norway,  having  the 
tea  on  the  S.  and  W.  Area,  3421  square  miles.  Capital, 
Stavanger.     Pop.  110,965. 

Stav'anger,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yellow  Medixsine  co., 
Minn.,  about  22  miles  N.  of  Marshall. 

Stavele,  sti'vA-l^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Flanders,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  1174. 

Stavelot,  stl'v§h-lot\  a  town  of  Belgium,  province  and 
24  miles  S.E.  of  Liege.     Pop.  3787. 

Stavenhagen,  sti'v^n-h&^gh^n,  or  Stavehagen, 
8ti'v?h-h4^gh§n,  a  town  of  Mecklenburg-Schwerin,  29  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Gustrow.     Pop.  2866. 

Stavenisse,  stS.'v§h-nis^s§h,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  Zealand,  on  the  N.W.  point  of  the  island  of  Tbo- 
len,  about  33  miles  S.W.  of  Rotterdam. 


Stavorcn,  st&'vo-r^n,  a  town  of  the  Netherlandu,  in' 
Friesland,  on  the  Zuydor  Zoe,  13  miles  N.  of  Enkhuysen. 

Stavropol,  or  Stawropol,  si&v-ro'pol,  a  town  of 
Russia,  caj)itnl  of  the  government  of  Stavropol,  on  th« 
Atchia,  59  miles  W.N.W.  of  Alexandrov.  Lnt.  44°  43'  N  • 
Ion.  41°  38'  E.  Pop.  35,468  It  is  well  built  and  strongly 
fortified,  and  has  manufactures  of  soap  and  luatlicr. 

Stavropol,  a  government  of  Russia,  in  Ciscauoasia, 
generally  level,  and  in  part  swampy  or  unproduotivo.  Area 
27,020  square  miles.     Capital,  Stavropol.     Pop.  437,118. 

Stavros,  stlv^ros'  (anc.  Stayi'ra),  a  village  of  Kuroiiean 
Turkey,  in  Macedonia,  on  the  Uulf  of  Contossa,  38  milwE. 
of  Salonica. 

Sta'well,  a  borough  of  Victoria,  Australia,  18  miles  by 
rail  W.N.W.  of  Ararat.     It  has  gold-mines.     Pop.  5106. 

Stawp'ley's,  a  station  on  the  Natchez,  Jackson  4  Co- 
lumbus Railroad,  20  miles  E.  of  Natchez. 

Stayner,  sta'n^r,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  Northern  Railroad,  85  miles  from  Toronto.  It  baa 
5  churches,  20  stores,  2  woollen-mills,  2  flouring-millg,  2 
saw-mills,  a  tannery,  and  a  foundry.     Pop.  lUOO. 

Stayton,  stil't^n,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Oregon, 
on  the  North  Fork  of  the  Santiam  River,  9  miles  E.  of 
Marion  Station,  and  about  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Salem.  It 
has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  a  large  saw-mill,  and  manufac- 
tures of  chairs,  furniture,  sash,  <fec.     Pop.  about  250. 

Steady  (stcd'e)  Run,  a  township  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  948.     It  contains  JIartinsburg. 

Steam'boat  Creek,  a  smalt  stream  of  Washoe  co., 
Nevada,  rises  in  the  S.  part  of  the  county,  and  flows  north- 
ward into  Truckee  River. 

Steamboat  Rock,  a  post-village  in  Clay  township, 
Hardin  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  lovva  River  (which  here  aflbrds 
extensive  water-power)  and  the  Central  Railroad  of  Iowa, 
4  miles  N.  of  Eldora.  It  has  2  banks,  3  churches,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  plough-factory.     Pop.  about  500. 

Steamboat  Springs,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort 
of  Routt  CO.,  Col.,  on  the  Yampah  River,  120  miles  N.W, 
of  Georgetown.  It  has  hot  and  cold  mineral  springs  and  a 
hotel. 

Steamboat  Springs,  a  summer  resort  of  Washoe  co., 
Nevada,  on  the  Virginia  &  Truckee  Railroad,  at  Steamboat 
Station,  11  miles  S.  of  Reno.  Here  are  many  hot  sulphur 
springs  and  a  hotel. 

Steam'burg,  a  post-village  in  Cold  Spring  township, 
Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western 
Railroad,  22  miles  E.  of  Jamestown.  It  has  a  manufactory 
of  hubs  and  spokes. 

Steamburg,  a  hamlet  in  Hector  township,  Schuyler  co., 
N.Y.,  about  18  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ithaca. 

Steamburg,  a  small  post-hamlet  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0., 
4  miles  N.  of  Leon  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Steamburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  about 
20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Meadville.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
steam  saw-mill. 

Steam  Cor'ner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fountain  co.,  Ind., 
about  34  miles  S.W.  of  Lafayette.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Steam  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Morrow  co.,  0. 

Steam  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Decatur  co.,  Ga.,  on  tht 
Chattahoochee  River,  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bainbridge. 

Steam  Mill  Village,  a  post-village  in  Kings  oo. 
Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Canard  River,  2  miles  from  Kcntville. 

Steam  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa. 

Stearnesville,  stQmz'vIl,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co., 
Ga.,  7  miles  from  Griffin.     It  has  a  church. 

Stearns,  st^mz,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Min- 
nesota, has  an  area  of  about  1300  square  miles.  It  il 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  is  inter- 
sected by  Sauk  River  and  partly  drained  by  the  North  Fork 
of  Crow  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified 
with  numerous  small  lakes  and  extensive  forests  of  the 
oak,  ash,  elm,  sugar-maple,  <fec.  In  1870  it  had  172,806 
acres  of  woodland.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  hay, 
cattle,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Large  prairies 
occur  in  the  S.W.  part  of  this  county.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
St.  Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  St.  Cloud.  Valuation 
of  real  and  personal  estate,  $5,992,280.  Pop.  in  1870, 
14,206,  of  whom  8989  were  Americans;  in  1880,  21,956. 

Stearnsville,  st^mz'vll,  a  village  of  Berkshire  co., 
Mass.,  in  Pittsfiold  township,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Pittsticld.  It 
has  3  woollen-factories. 

Steb'binsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rock  co..  Wis.,  in 
Porter  township,  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Madison.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Steck'born,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Thurgau, 
on  the  Unter-See  (Lake  of  Constance),  8  miles  W.  of  Con 
stance.     Pop>  1654. 


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I      Stecoah»    stck'o-a,    a  post-township  of  Qraham  cc, 
jN.C,  about  50  miles  S'.S.E.  of  Knoxville,  Tenn. 

Sted'maii,  a  post-bamlct  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y., 
'about  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Jamestown. 
j     Steed'man's,  a  post-office  of  Lexington  ec,  S.C. 

Steele,  st4'l§h,  or  Steyle,  stl'l^h,  a  town  of  llhenish 
I  Prussia,  on  a  railway,  21  miles  N.E.  of  Dusseldorf.  Pop. 
16920.     Coal  is  raised  in  its  vicinity. 

Steele,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Minnesota,  has  an 
area  of  432  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Straight 
lliver,  which  runs  northward  through  the  middle  of  the 
county.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  is  very  fer- 
tile. It  is  liberally  supplied  with  timber,  and  has  extensive 
prairies.  Wheat,  oats,  hay,  butter,  and  cattle  are  the  staple 
products.  Limestone  underlies  part  of  the  soil.  This 
county  ia  intersected  by  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Rail- 
road and  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  both 
of  which  connect  with  Owatonna,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
8271;  in  1875,  10,739;  in  1880,  12,-160  ;  in  1890,  13,232. 

Steele,  St.  Clair  co.,  Ala.    See  Steel's  Dep*jt. 

Steele,  a  township  of  Daviess  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1415. 

Steele  Centre,  a  post-oflSce  of  Steele  co.,  Minn.,  about 
22  miles  S.  of  Faribault. 

Steele  City,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co..  Neb.,  on 
Little  Blue  River,  and  on  the  St.  Joseph  «fe  Denver  City 
Bailroiid,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Eairbury,  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  flour-mill. 

Steel  Creek,  a  post-office  in  Steel  Creek  township, 
Mecklenburg  co.,  N.C.,  about  9  miles  S.W.  of  Charlotte. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1951. 

Steele's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rush  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  rail- 
road between  Rushville  and  Connersville,  8  or  9  miles  from 
»<ach  place. 

Steele's,  a  township  of  Richmond  co.,  N.C.  Pop.  1656. 

Steele's,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Ches- 
apeake <fe  Ohio  Railroad,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Covington. 

Steele's  Mills,  SteeI'ville,  or  Georgetown,  a 
post-village  of  Randolph  co.,  111.,  on  the  AVabash,  Chester 
&  Eastern  Railroad,  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Chester.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  several  churches,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  woollen-mill.     Post-office,  Steele's  Mills.  P.  490. 

Steele's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brazos  co.,  Tex.,  13 
miles  W.  of  Bryan.     It  has  2  churches  and  2  stores. 

Steele's  Tav'ern,  or  fliid'way,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Augusta  CO.,  Va.,  18  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Staunton.  It  has  2 
churches,  2  flour-mills,  a  tannery,  and  1  or  2  foundries. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Steele's  Tavern. 

Steel 'mantown,  a  hamlet  of  Cape  May  co.,  N.J.,  2 
miles  from  Woodbine  Station. 

Stcel'inanville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Egg  Harbor  town- 
Bhip,  Atlantic  co.,  N.J.,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Pleasantville. 

Steel  Run,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  0. 

Steel's  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Ala., 
47  miles  N.E.  of  Birmingham.     It  has  a  church. 

Steel'ton,  a  post-borough  of  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  2  miles 
by  rail  S.E.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  11  churches,  a  bank,  a 
flour-mill,  a  shirt-factory,  a  planing-mill,  steam  brick- 
works, manufactures  of  steel  of  every  description,  and  2 
jnewspaper  offices.     Pop.  in  1880,  2447  ;  in  1890,  9250. 

Steelville,  Illinois.    See  Steele's  Mills. 

SteeI'ville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Crawford  oo., 
Mo.,  in  Meramec  township,  on  the  Maramec  River,  and  on 
the  St.  Louis  <fc  San  Francisco  Railroad,  100  miles  S.W.  of 
St.  Louis.     It  has  2  newspaper  offices  and  2  churches. 

Steelville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  Octorara 
Creek,  5  miles  S.  of  Atglen.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Steenbergen,  stain'bJRO-^n,  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  North  Brabant,  20  miles  W.  of  Breda.     P.  1941. 

SteenhufTel,  stain'huf'f?l,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
Brabant,  12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1C65. 

Stcenhuyze  Wynhnyze,  stain'hoi'z^h  win'hoi^z^h, 
a  village  of  15elgium,  in  East  Flanders,  IS  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Ghent.     Pop.  1683. 

Steenkerke,  stain^kSnk'^h,  or  Steenkerque,  stain- 
kaink',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  15  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Mens.  The  Allies,  commanded  by  William  III.  of  Eng- 
land, were  here  defeated  by  the  French,  July  24,  1692. 

Steenockerzeel  Humelghem,  sti'nok-k^r-zaiP 
hU'm§l-ghftm',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Brabant,  9  miles 
N.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1649. 

Steen's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Rankin  co.,  Miss. 

Steen'sPrairie,prii'ree,  a  post-office  of  Marios  CO.,  Mo. 

Steenvoorde,  or  Steenwoorde,  stain'voRd',  a  town 
of  France,  in  Nord,  6  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Uazobrouck. 
Pop.  2261. 

Stcenwerck,  stain'^Srk,  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  7 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Uazebrouck.     Pop.  of  commune,  4309. 


Steenwyk,  or  Steenwiik,  stain'^ik,  a  town  cf  the 
Netherlands,  in  Overyssel,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Blokzyl.  It  ha« 
a  harbor  and  a  trade  in  grain,  Ac.     Pop.  4094. 

Steep  Urook,  a  post-bamlet  of  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  on 
the  Taunton  River,  and  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  4  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Fall  River.     It  has  2  churches. 

Steep  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Guysborough  co.,  Nora 
Scotia,  on  the  Gut  of  Canso,  7  miles  from  Port  Mulgrave. 

Steep  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Standish  township,  Cum- 
berland CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Saco  River,  and  on  the  Portland  & 
Ogdensburg  Railroad,  24  miles  W.N.W.  of  Portland.  It  hat 
a  church  and  several  saw-mills. 

Steep-Holmes  Island,  a  rocky  island  in  the  Bristol 
Channel,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Severn,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Cardiff.     Circumference,  about  li  miles. 

Steer  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Gilmer  co.,  W.  Va. 

Steer'pen,  a  township  of  Chesterfield  co.,  S.C.   P.  545 

Stef'fenville,  a  post-village  of  Lewis  co..  Mo.,  9  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Lewistown  Station.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
flour-mill. 

StefKsburg,  stSffis-boSno',  a  town  and  parish  of  Swit- 
zerland, canton  and  15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bern.     Pop.  3462. 

Steg'all's',  a  station  in  Bartow  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  West- 
ern it  Atlantic  Railroad,  43  miles  N.W.  of  Atlanta. 

Stegalls,  a  post-office  of  Anson  co.,  N.C. 

Stege,  sti'gh^h,  a  town  of  Denmark,  island  of  Miien, 
on  its  W.  coast,  13  miles  S.E.  of  ProDstoe.     Pop.  1960. 

Stegen,  ssi'gli^n,  an  island  and  village  of  Norway, 
province  of  Nordland.     Lat.  68°  N.;  Ion.  14°  30'  E. 

Steiermark,  or  Steyermark.    See  Stykia. 

Steilacoom  (.-tH'a  koom)  City,  a  post-village  of 
Pierce  co.,  Washington,  on  the  S.E.  shore  of  Puget  Sound, 
4i  miles  from  Liikevicw  Station  of  the  Northern  Pacific 
Railroad,  about  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Olympic,  and  12  miles 
S.W.  of  Tacoma.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
tannery,  <feo.,  with  abundant  water-power  and  timber.  Pop. 
in  1890,  270. 

Stein,  stTn,  or  Kamnig,  kJm'nia,  a  town  of  Austria, 
14  miles  N.  of  Laybach,  on  the  Feistritz. 

Sfein,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria,  on  the  Danube,  oppo- 
site Mautern,  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  3870. 

Stein,  stinc,  a  village  and  parish  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  S.  of  Appenzell.     Pop.  1705. 

Stein,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  11  miles  E.S.E.  of  Schafi"- 
hausen,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Rhine.     Pop.  1361. 

Steinach,  sti'niK,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the  Kinzig 
River,  and  on  the  railway  from  Mannheim  to  Freiburg,  3 
miles  S.E.  of  Bibernch.     Pop.  1337. 

Steinach,  a  village  of  Saxe-Meiningen,  on  the  Stei- 
nach, an  affluent  of  the  Rodach,  4  miles  N.N.W.  of  Sonne- 
berg.     Pop.  3914. 

Stein-am-Anger,  stine-lm-ing'^r  (Ilun.  Szomha- 
tliely,  som'boh'tfii'),  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Eisenburg, 
on  the  GUns,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Giins.  It  is  the  see  of  a 
bishop,  and  has  an  episcopal  palace  and  a  cathedral.  It 
occupies  a  part  of  the  site  of  the  ancient  Sabaria,  which, 
under  Claudius,  was  named  Claudia  Augusta.     Pop.  7561. 

Steinau,  sti'now,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  34  miles 
N.W.  of  Breslau,  on  the  Oder.     Pop.  3299. 

Steinau,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  24  miles  S.W,  of 
Oppeln.     Pop.  19S1. 

Steinau,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassau,  27  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Hanau,  on  the  Kinzig.     Pop.  2179. 

Steinaur,  sti'nowr,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pawnee  co.,  Neb., 
8  miles  W.  of  Table  Rock.     It  has  2  churches. 

Steinbach,  stine'biK,  a  town  of  Baden,  2  miles  N.E. 
of  Buhl,  on  the  Mannheim  A  Basel  Railway.     Pop.  2015. 

Steinbach,  or  Steinbach-Hallenberg,  hil'l^n- 
bfiRG\  a  town  of  Prussia,  5  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sclimalkalden, 
Pop.  .3000,  mostly  employed  in  iron-forges  and  wire-works. 

Steinen,  sti'n?n,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
3  miles  N.W.  of  Schwytz.     Pop.  1359. 

Steinersville,  sti'nfrz-vil,  a  hamlet  of  Belmont  co., 
0.,  on  Captina  Creek,  13  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Bellaire.    P.  73. 

Steinield,  stine'f3lt,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  circle  of 
Lower  Franconia,  near  Rothenfcls.     Pop.  1140. 

Steinfurt,  stine'fooRt,  or  Burgsteinfurt,  boSno- 
stlne'foont,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  18  miles  N.W. 
of  MUnster,  on  the  Aa.     Pop.  3584. 

Stcinhatchee,  steen'hatch-ee,  a  post-office  of  Lafa- 
yette CO.,  Fla. 

Steinheim,  stine'hime,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  AVest- 
phalia,  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Minden.     Pop.  2322. 

Steinheim,  or  Gross  Steinheim,  grOce  stine'- 
hime, a  town  of  Hesse,  province  of  Starkenburg,  on  thio 
Main,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Darmstadt.     Pop.  1661. 

Steinheim,  or  Steinheim-am-Aalbuck,  stine'- 


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2534 


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hIine-&iii-A.I'b5fik,  a  town  of  WUrtemberg,  4  miloe  N.W.  of 
Ileidenhcim.     Pop.  17SU. 

Steiiiheim,  a  village  of  WUrtemberg,  2  milea  N.E.  of 
Marbiich.     Pop.  1U92. 

Steinhude  (otino'hoo-dfh)  Lake  (Oer.  Sieinhuder- 
Mrtr,  »tino'hooMfr-maiR),  a  lake  of  North  Qermnny,  be- 
tiroen  Schauinbur^i^-Lippo  and  the  Prussian  province  of 
Hanover,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Ilaiiovor.  Length,  6  inilc8.  In 
it  is  an  island,  with  the  fortress  of  Wilhelinstoin,  belonging 
to  Sohaumburg-Lippe,  and  also  the  Tillage  of  Steinhude. 
Pop.  1264. 

Stciuitz,  stt'nits,  written  also  Stanitz  and  Zdo> 
nice,  a  town  of  Moravia,  2U  miles  E.S.E.  of  Driinn. 

Stcinniaueriif  stine'mSw'^rn,  a  village  of  liadcn,  at 
the  confluence  of  the  Murg  and  the  llhine,  4  milea  N.  of 
Rastadt.     Pop.  1617. 

Steinsburg)  stlnz'bQrg,  a  post-hamlot  of  Bucks  oo., 
Pa.,  in  Milfurd  township,  2^  miles  from  Shelly  Station,  and 
12  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Allcntown.  It  has  a  church,  a  tan- 
nery, and  a  grist-mill. 

Stein  SchOnau,  stine  sho'nSw,  a  town  of  Bohemia, 
N.E.  of  Leitmoritz.     Pop.  3100. 

Stcinseifcrsdorf,  stine'sPf^rs-donr,  a  village  of 
Prussian  Silesia,  government  and  S.W.  of  Broslau.    P.  1609. 

Stcinsvilie,  stinz'vll, or  Stines'vilie^n  post-village 
of  Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Berks  &  Lehigh  Railroad,  26^ 
miles  N.  of  Heading.  It  has  a  carriage-factory  and  2 
Btorcs. 

Steintiial)  Alsace.    See  Ban-de-la-Koche. 

Steinthal,  stinc'til,  a  post-office  of  Manitowoc  co.,  Wis. 

Steiiiweiler,  stino'^i^l^r,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  in  the 
Paliitinato,  near  Kandel.     Pop.  1631. 

Steinwiesen,  stine'^ce'z^n,  a  village  of  Bararin,  in 
Upper  Frnnconia,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Rodach.  P.  1722. 

Steisslingen,  stico'ling-^n,  a  village  of  Baden,  Lake 
circle,  N.W.  of  Constance.     Pop.  1227. 

Stekeiie,  sti'ki-n^h,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flan- 
dors,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  6231. 

Stelnpolis,  Iowa  co.,  Iowa,    bee  Chester. 

Stella,  stdl'li,  a  river  of  North  Italy,  enters  the  Adri- 
atic near  its  head,  after  a  S.  course  of  36  miles.  It  is  navi- 
gable from  Palazzolo  to  the  sea. 

Stel'la,  a  post-village  in  Lennox  co.,  Ontario,  on  Am- 
herst Island,  in  the  Bay  of  Quinte,  15  miles  W.  of  Kingston, 

Stel'la  Land,  a  Boer  state  of  South  Africa,  under 
British  protection.  Area,  6000  sq.  m.  Pop.  20,000,  of 
whom  about  3000  are  white. 

Stellarton,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Albion  Mines. 

Stel'laville,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ga. 

Stellenbosch,  st5ri?n-bosk\  a  division  of  Cape  Col- 
ony, South  Africa,  having  N.  the  division  of  Paarl,  E.  the 
division  of  Calcdon,  S.  the  ocean,  and  W.  the  Cape  division. 
Area,  457  square  miles.     Pop.  10,541. 

Stellenbosch,  the  capital  town  of  a  division  of  its 
own  n:uue,  of  Cape  Colony,  25  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Cape 
Town,  has  a  neat  church,  several  schools,  and  a  savings- 
bank.     Pop.  3173. 

Stel'ton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Raritan  township,  Middlesex 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  railroad  between  Elizabeth  &  New  Bruns- 
wick, 2  miles  E.  of  New  Brunswick.     It  has  a  church. 

StePvid'eo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Darke  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Columbus,  Chicago  &  Indiana  Central  Railroad,  16  miles 
W.  of  Piqua.     It  has  a  church. 

Stelvio  (stSl've-o),  Pass  op  (Ger.  Stilfserjoch,  stilfs^r- 
yoK'),  Tyrol,  in  the  N.  part  of  the  Valtellina,  leads  from 
Bonnio  to  Glurns.  It  is  the  loftiest  carriage-route  in 
Europe,  its  summit  being  9100  feet  above  the  sea. 

Stem'bersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carbon  co.,  Pa.,  8 
miles  E.  of  Mauch  Chunk.     It  has  a  slate-factory. 

Stem'mer's  Run,  a  station  of  the  Philadelphia,  Wil- 
mington A  Baltimore  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Baltimore,  Md. 

Stein'ton,  a  post-village  in  Allen  township,  North- 
ampton CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh  River,  6  miles  above  Allen- 
town,  and  on  the  Lehigh  A  Susquehanna  Railroad,  at 
Laubach  Station.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of 
rail  road -cars,  flour,  and  wagons.     Pop.  in  1880,  289. 

Stenay,  st?h-ni',  a  town  of  France,  in  Meuse,  8  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Montm6dy,  on  the  Meuse.     Pop.  2376. 

Sten'cil  House,  a  post-office  of  Hyde  co.,  N.C. 

Stendal,  stfin'dil,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  on  the 
Uchtc,  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Magdeburg  by  railway.  It  has 
manufactures  of  woollen  and  cotton  stuff's,  gloves,  tobacco, 
and  leather,  with  a  brisk  trade  in  linens.     Pop.  12,851. 

Stcn'dal,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co.,  Ind.,  38  miles 
N  E.  of  Evansville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Stcn'ness,  an  isle  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  mainland  of 
Shetland. 


Stephens,  sto'v^nz,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Ttiai, 
has  an  area  of  000  square  miles.  It  is  intersuctcil  by  th« 
Clear  Fork  of  Brazos  River.  The  surfivce  is  partly  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  mostly  uncultivated,  nnd  producM 
pasture  for  many  cattle.  In  1870  there  wore  43,230  cattle 
in  this  county.  Capital,  Brockcnridge.  Pop.  in  1870, 530 
of  whom  323  were  Americans;  in  1880,  4725.  ' 

Stephens,  Oglethorpe  co.,  Ga.     See  Antioch. 

Stephens,  a  post- village  in  Mayfield  township,  Ijnpeer 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Fish  Lake  Branch  of  the  Detroit  A  Bny 
City  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Lapeer.  It  has  large  mw- 
mills  and  a  grist-mill.  Pop.  about  250.  Station  name 
Fish  Lake. 

Stephen's,  a  station  of  the  Columbia  Branch  Railroad, 
6i  miles  N.E.  of  Columbia,  Mo. 

Ste'phcnsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hardin  co.,  Ry.,  ] 
mile  from  Stephensburg  Station  of  the  Paducah  A  Elizabeth- 
town  Railroad,  and  61  miles  S.  by  W.of  Louisville.  It  hu 
a  church. 

Stcphcnsbnrg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  K.J., 
about  22  miles  AV.  of  Morristown.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Stephensburg,  Va.    See  Newtown  Stephemsburo. 

Stephen's  Chapel,  a  post-office  of  Bledsoe  co.,  Tcdb 

Stephen's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,nt 
Fremont  Centre,  about  6  miles  N.  of  Hornellsvillc. 

Stephenson,  ste'v?n-S9n,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of 
Illinois,  bordering  on  Wisconsin,  has  an  area  of  about  850 
square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Pecntonica  River, 
and  is  partly  drained  by  the  Yellow  River.  The  surface  is 
undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  forests  of 
the  oak,  hickory,  ash,  sugar-maple,  and  other  trees.  Tha 
soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  cattle, 
butter,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Among  the  min-' 
erals  of  this  county  is  a  variety  of  Lower  Silurian  lime- 
stone, called  Galena  limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Illinois  Central,  AVestern  Union,  and  Chicago  A  Northwest- 
ern Railroads.  Capital,  Freeport.  Valuation  of  real  and 
personal  estate,  $25,054,272.  Pop.  in  1870,  30,608,  of  whom 
23,820  were  Americans;  in  1880,  31,963. 

Stephenson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Menominee  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  21  miles  N.  of 
Menominee.    It  has  manufactures  of  charcoal  and  shingles. 

Stephenson,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Tenn. 

Stephenson's  Depot,  a  post-office  and  station  of 
Frederick  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Harper's  Ferry  A  Valley  Branch 
of  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Win- 
chester, 

S  te'phensport,  a  post-village  of  Brcck  en  ridge  CO.,  Ky., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  about  24  miles  above  Cannelton,  Ind., 
and  54  miles  by  land  W.S.W.  of  Louisville.  It  hag  a 
church,  a  flouring-inill,  and  5  dry-goods  stores.     Pop.  160. 

Stephens'  Pottery,  a  post-office  of  Baldwin  co.,  6a. 

Stephens'  Store,  a  post-village  in  Bourbon  township, 
Callaway  co..  Mo.,  11  miles  E.  of  Columbia.  It  has  a 
church,  a  grist-mill,  and  3  or  4  stores. 

Stephens  ville,  ste'v^nz-vll,  a  post-office  of  Wilkinson 
CO.,  Ga. 

Stephensville,  Michigan  and  New  York.  See  SiB- 
vensville. 

Stephensville,  a  hamlet  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Coejr- 
mans  township,  10  miles  W.  of  Schodack.  It  has  a 
church,  a  pnper-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Stephensville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Erath  co., 
Tex.,  near  Bosque  River,  about  95  miles  W.S.W.  of  Dallas. 
It  has  a  newspaper  office  and  4  churches.    P.  in  1880,  725. 

Stephensville,  a  village  of  Fannin  co.,  Tex.,  2i  mile* 
from  Dodd  City  Station,  It  has  2  churches,  a  seminary, 
and  a  drug-store. 

Stephensville,  a  post-village  in  Ellington  township, 
Outagamie  co.,  Wis.,  1  mile  E.  of  Wolf  River,  6  uiilcsS. 
of  Shiocton  Station,  and  about  12  miles  N.W.  of  Applcton. 
It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  wiigons. 

Stephentown,  ste' v§n-town,  a  post-village  in  Stephen- 
town  township,  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Harlem  Exten- 
sion Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Lebanon  Springs,  and  nboat 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Pittsfield,  Mass.  It  has  2  churches,  4 
stores,  a  saw-mill,  and  30  dwellings.  The  township  eon- 
tains  a  village  named  Lntham,  and  has  a  pop.  of  2018. 

Stephentown  Centre,  New  York.    See  Latham. 

Stephentown  Flats, a  village  in  Stephentown  town- 
ship, Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  about  24  miles  E.S.E.of  Albiiny. 
It  has  a  church,  a  machine-shop,  a  flour-mill,  a  cotton-fac- 
tory, and  40  dwellings. 

Step'ney,  a  parish  and  E.  suburb  of  the  Britii-h  me 
tropolis,  CO.  of  Middlesex,  included  in  the  borough  of  Tower 
Hamlets,  2i  miles  E.  of  St.  Paul's,  London.     Pop.  120,383. 

Step'ney,  a  post-hamlet   of  Fairfield   co.,  Conn.,  in 


STE 


2535 


STE 


Monroe  township,  12  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Bridgeport,  and  2 
miles  from  Stepney  Depot.     It  has  2  churches. 

Stepney  Depot,  a  post- village  of  Fairfield  co.,  Conn., 
on  the  llousatonic  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Bridgeport.  It 
has  2  churches,  the  Beach  Hill  Boarding-School,  and  a 
manufactory  of  boots  and  shoes. 

Stepnitz,  stSp'nits,  or  Stepenitz,  stflpVn'ts  (Gnoss, 
groce,  and  Klein,  kllne),  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania, 
8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Stettin.    Pop.  2159. 

Stepstone,  Kentucky.    See  Motier. 

Steptoe,  stfip'to,  a  post-office  of  Whitman  co.,  Wash- 
ington. 

Ster'ling,  a  post-village  of  Cherokee  oo.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Coosa  River.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  plough- factory. 

Sterling,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chicot  co..  Ark.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  75  miles  above  Vicksburg.  It  has  3 
churches. 

Sterling,  a  post-office  of  AYeld  oo.,  Col. 

Sterling,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sterling  township,  Windham 
CO.,  Conn.,  on  the  New  York  &  New  England  Railroad,  29 
miles  W.S.W,  of  Providence,  R.I.  It  has  a  manufactory 
of  acids  and  a  grist-mill.  The  township  has  granite-quarries 
and  a  pop.  of  1022. 

Sterling,  Georgia.    See  Stehlino  Station. 

Sterling,  a  city  of  Whiteside  co..  111.,  is  finely  situ- 
ated on  the  N.  bank  of  Rock  River,  in  Sterling  township, 
109  miles  W.  of  Chicago,  29  miles  E.  of  Clinton,  Iowa,  and 
62  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rock  Island.  It  is  the  W.  terminus  of 
the  Chicago  <fc  Rock  River  Railroad,  and  is  on  the  Chicago 

Northwestern  Railroad  at  its  junction  with  the  St.  Louis, 
Rock  Island  &  Chicago  Railroad.  It  contains  14  churches, 
2  opera-houses,  a  high  school,  a  free  library,  a  national 
bank,  2  banking-houses,  4  newspaper  offices,  a  fine  hotel,  a 
public-school  house  which  cost  $80,000,  and  extensive  manu- 
factures of  farming-implements,  flour,  school  furniture,  car- 
riages, burial-cases,  pumps,  sash,  doors,  Ac.  Here  are  4 
large  flouring-mills,  the  Sterling  Iron-Works,  a  large  dis- 
tillery, and  foundries  and  machine-shops.  The  river  here 
affords  abundant  water-power  and  flows  through  beautiful 
scenery.     Pop.  of  the  city  in  1880,  5087;  of  township,  750. 

Sterling,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1327. 

Sterling,  a  post-village  in  Iowa  township,  Jackson  co., 
Iowa,  5  miles  W.N.W.  of  Sabula,  and  about  18  miles  N.  of 
Clinton.     It  has  a  church  and  several  stores. 

Sterling,  a  post- village  of  Rice  co.,  Kansas,  in  Sterling 
township,  on  the  Arkansas  River  and  the  Atchison,  Topeka 
i  Santa  F6  Railroad,  18i  miles  N.W,  of  Hutohinson.  It 
fias  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  2  flour-mills,  several 
jhurches,  and  2  wagon-shops.     Pop.  in  1880,  1014, 

Sterling,  a  post-village  in  Sterling  township,  Worces- 
ter CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Fitchburg  <fc  Worcester  Railroad,  14 
niles  N.  of  AVorccster,  and  12  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Fitchburg. 
[t  has  3  churches,  a  tannery,  a  chair-factory,  and  a  pottery. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1670. 

Sterling,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bay  co.,  Mich.,  in  Deep 
River  township,  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  34  miles 
X.  by  W.  of  Bay  City.  It  has  2  lumber-mills. 
,  Sterling,  a  township  of  Macomb  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  1711. 
I  Sterling,  a  township  of  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn.  P.  654. 
I  Sterling,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Montana,  about 
90  miles  S.  of  Helena.  It  has  a  church,  2  quartz-mills, 
knd  mines  of  gold  and  silver. 

i  Sterling,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
3ig  Nemaha  River  and  the  Atchison  <fc  Nebraska  Railroad, 
)6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  4  churches  and  a  money- 
irder  post-office.     Pop.  about  500. 

,  Sterling,  or  Stirling,  a  post-village  in  Passaic  town- 
hip,  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  New  Jersey  West  Line  Rail- 
oad,  21  miles  W.  of  Newark.  It  has  a  church  and  an 
icademy. 

Sterling,  a  post-village  in  Sterling  township,  Cayuga 
io.,  N.Y.,  near  the  Lake  Ontario  Shore  Railroad,  16  miles 
s.W.  of  Oswego,  li  miles  N.  of  Sterling  Station,  and  2 
niles  from  Lake  Ontario.  It  has  3  churches.  Pop.  237. 
Che  township  is  intersected  by  the  Southern  Central  Rail- 
oad,  and  contains  a  village  named  Fairhaven.     Pop.  3046. 

Sterling,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  0.     Pop.  1662. 

Sterling,  Cameron  co.,  Pa.    See  Sterling  Run. 

Sterling,  a  village  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Tyrone 
k  Clearfield  Railroad,  about  1  mile  from  Houtzdale.  Pop. 
n  1880,  1272. 

Sterling,  a  post-village  in  Sterling  township,  Wayne 
«.,  Pa.,  21  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Scranton.  It  has  several 
^hurches.  The  Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad 
|ouchc8  the  S.W.  part  of  the  township.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
hip,  1454. 
!  Sterling,  a  township  of  Polk  co.,  Wis.    Pop.  244. 


Sterling,  a  township  of  Vernon  co..  Wis.     Pop.  1280. 

Sterling  Bush,  a  post-hamlet  in  Diana  township, 
Lewis  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Indian  River,  about  24  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Watertown. 

Sterling  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Sterling  township, 
Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn.,  near  Lake  Lura,  about  22  miles  S. 
by  W.  of  Mankato.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Sterling  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C. 

Sterling  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windham  co.,  Conn., 
2  miles  from  Sterling  Station,  and  about  18  miles  N.E.  of 
Norwich.     It  has  a  church. 

Sterling  Junction,  a  station  in  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 
on  the  Worcester  &  Nashua  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of 
the  Fitchburg  &  Worcester  Railroad,  12  miles  N.  of  Wor- 
cester. 

Sterling  Junction,  a  hamlet  of  Rockland  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Erie  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Sterling  Moun- 
tain Railroad,  18  miles  N.  of  Paterson,  N.J.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  car-foundry,  and  a  mill  for  cotton  twine. 

Sterling  Run,  a  post-village  in  Lumber  township, 
Cameron  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Sinnemahoning  River  and  the 
Philadelphia  <k  Erie  Railroad,  at  Sterling  Station,  9  miles 
S.  by  E.  of  Emporium.     It  has  2  churches. 

Sterling's  Mill,  a  post-township  of  Robeson  co.,  N.C., 
about  12  miles  from  Lumberton.     Pop.  1088. 

Sterling  Station,  a  post- village  of  Glynn  oo.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Macon  <fc  Brunswick  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Bruns- 
wick.    It  has  4  churches. 

Sterling  Station,  a  post-township  of  Cayuga  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Southern  Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  16  miles  S.W. 
of  Oswego,  and  29  miles  N.  of  Auburn. 

Sterling  Valley,  a  post-village  in  Sterling  township, 
Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  H  miles  from  Sterling  Valley  Station  of 
the  Lake  Ontario  Shore  Railroad,  which  is  13  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Oswego.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  172. 

Ster'lingville,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Philadelphia  township,  on  Black  Creek,  and  on  a  branch  of 
the  Utica  A  Black  River  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Carthage.    It  has  a  blast-furnace  and  2  churches.    Pop.  250. 

Sterlitamak,  stdR-le-tA-mik',  or  Sterlitamask, 
st6u-le-ti-misk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Oofa,  at 
the  confluence  of  two  affluents  of  the  Belaia,  72  miles  S. 
of  Oofa.     Pop.  6037. 

Sternazia,  stir-nid'ze-i,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  S.S.E.  of  Lecce.     Pop.  1481. 

Sternberg,  stfiRn'bdRG,  a  town  of  Moravia,  9  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Olmutz.  Pop.  13,479,  who  manufacture  woollen 
and  linen  fabrics  and  hosiery. 

Sternberg,  a  town  of  Mecklenburg-Schwerin,  29  miles 
S.W.  of  Rostock.     Pop.  2465. 

Stern'erton,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Kansas, 
about  12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Independence. 

Ster'rctt,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Ala. 

Sterrettania,  ster-r?t-ta'ne-a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie 
CO.,  Pa.,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Fairview  Station,  and  about  10 
miles  S.S.AV.  of  Erie.     It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  Ac 

Sterrett's  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co..  Pa.,  7  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Carlisle. 

Sterzing,  stSiit'sing,  or  Storzing,  stoRt'sing,  a  town 
of  the  Tyrol,  on  the  Eisach,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Bri.xen. 

Stet'son,  a  post-village  in  Stetson  township,  Penobscot 
CO.,  Me.,  24  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Bangor.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  937. 

Stet'sonville,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Clark  co., 
Wis.,  on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  62i  miles  N.W. 
of  Stevens  Point.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Stetten-am-Kalten-Markt,  stSt-t^n-im-kai'ten- 
maRkt,  a  town  of  Baden,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Sigraaringen. 

Stetten-im-Remsthale,  stdt'ten-im-rdms'tA'ltjh,  a 
town  of  WUrtemberg,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Rems,  7  uiilcs 
E.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1941.     It  has  a  royal  residence. 

Stetten  -  unterm  -  Heuchelberg,  st^t'ten-ijon*- 
t^rm-hoi'K^l-bdRG^  a  town  of  WUrtemberg,  3  miles  N.W. 
of  Brackenheim.     Pop.  1062. 

Stettin,  8t4t-teen',  a  town,  next  to  Dantzic  the  chief 
port  of  the  Prussian  dominions,  capital  of  the  province  of 
Pomerania,  on  the  Oder,  at  its  mouth  in  the  Stettiner-Ilaff", 
79  miles  N.N.E.  of  Berlin,  with  which  it  is  connected  by 
railway.  Lat.  53°  25'  1"  N.;  Ion.  14°  34'  E.  It  has  a 
fortress,  government  house,  mint,  exchange,  arsenal,  the- 
atre, large  warehouses,  a  gymnasium,  observatory,  school 
of  navigation,  numc-ous  other  schools  and  literary  associ- 
ations, ship-building  docks,  sugar-refineries,  distilleries, 
breweries,  manufactures  of  woollen  and  linen  fabrics,  hosi- 
ery, sail-cloth,  tobacco,  soap,  and  paper.    Vessels  drawinj^ 


STE 


2536 


STE 


less  thnn  8  foet  of  water  come  up  to  its  quays;  others  lend 
und  unload  at  Swinemtinde.  The  principal  artiolosi  of  im- 
port are  iron  and  copper,  dye-woods,  herrings,  salt,  coal, 
train  and  other  oils,  sugar,  coSbe,  and  other  colonial  prod- 
uce. Principal  exports,  grain,  wool,  oil-oake,  cine,  and 
brandy.  A  largo  annual  fair  for  wool  is  held  here  in  June. 
Stettin  is  a  place  of  groat  antiquity.  In  1121,  lioloslos, 
Duke  of  Poland,  gained  possession,  and  introduced  Christi- 
anity. The  peace  of  Westphalia  gave  it  to  the  Swedes. 
From  them  it  passed  to  the  Prussians,  with  whom,  with 
Bouie  interruptions,  it  has  since  remained.  Pop.  in  1S16, 
25,091;  in  1S61,  68,487;  in  1885,  99,650. 

Stettin^  stSt-teen'  or  stdt'een,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mara- 
thon CO.,  Wis.,  in  Stettin  township,  about  44  miles  N.  of 
Grand  Rapids,  and  12  miles  W.  of  Wausau.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  909. 

Stcttiner-UaflTf  stdt-tee'n^r-h&ff,  Germany,  an  en- 
largement of  the  Odor,  consisting  of  the  Groat  and  Little 
Half,  immediately  N.  of  Stettin,  having  an  area  of  nearly 
200  square  miles;  depth,  from  12  to  18  feet.  It  receives 
the  river  Ucker  at  Uckermlindc,  and  communicates  with  the 
Baltic  Sea  by  throe  outlets,  the  Peene,  Swine,  and  Dievcnow. 

Stettin,  NeUf  Prussia.     See  Neustettin. 

Steuben,  stu'b^n  or  stu-ben',  tho  most  northcai>tern 
county  of  Indiana,  borders  on  Michigan.  Area,  about  320 
square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Pigeon  River  and  Fish 
Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it 
is  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  sugar-maple,  ash,  and 
other  trees.  It  contains  a  number  of  small  lakes.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  wool,  oats,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Fort  Wayne,  Jackson  &  Saginaw  Railroad.  Capital,  An- 
gola. Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $9,350,000. 
Pod.  in  1870,  12,854    in  1880,  14,646. 

Steuben,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  New  York,  bor- 
dering on  Pennsylvania,  has  an  area  of  about  1350  square 
miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Canisteo,  Conhocton,  and  Tioga 
Rivers,  which  unite  in  the  S.E.  part  of  the  county  and 
form  the  Chemung  River.  Keuka  Lake  forms  part  of  its 
northeastern  boundary.  The  surface  is  an  undulating 
♦able-land,  diversified  with  broad  irregular  bills  and  deep 
valleys.  Forests  of  the  oak,  ash,  pine,  sugar-maple,  beech, 
elm,  and  other  trees  cover  nearly  one-third  of  the  entire 
area.  Tho  soil  is  fertile,  and  adapted  to  pasturage.  But- 
ter, hay,  oats,  wheat,  wool,  cattle,  Indian  corn,  buckwheat, 
and  lumber  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  produced 
in  1870  more  oats  than  any  other  county  of  the  state.  The 
quantity  was  1,538,117  bushels.  Devonian  sandstones  crop 
out  in  this  county.  Some  of  these  are  good  materials  for 
building.  It  is  intersected  by  tho  main  line  of  the  Erie 
Railroad  and  tho  Rochester  division  of  that  railroad.  An- 
other railroad  extends  from  Corning  to  the  coal-mines  of 
Pennsylvania.  Capital,  Bath.  Valuation  of  real  and  per- 
gonal estate,  $36,573,915.  Pop.  in  1870,  67,717,  of  whom 
61,833  were  Americans;  in  1880,  77,586. 

Steuben,  a  township  of  Marshall  co.,  111.     Pop.  1478. 

Steuben,  a  township  of  Steuben  co„  Ind.     Pop.  1253. 

Steuben,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Ind*    Pop.  1068. 

Steuben,  a  station  in  Davis  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Burling- 
ton &  Southwestern  Railroad,  3i  miles  S.E.  of  Bioomfield. 

Steuben,  a  post-hamlet  in  Holmwood  township,  Jewell 
CO.,  Kansas,  about  96  miles  N.W.  of  Junction  City.  It  is 
on  White  Rock  Creek,  or  Big  Timber  Creek. 

Steuben,  a  post-village  in  Steuben  township,  Washing- 
ton CO.,  Me.,  on  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  about  48  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Bangor.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  lumber, 
barrels,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1062. 

Steuben,  a  post-hamlet  in  Steuben  township,  Oneida 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  15  miles  N.  of  Utica.  The  Utica  <k  Black 
River  Railroad  crosses  the  N.E.  part  of  the  township.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1221. 

Steuben,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huron  co.,  0.,  on  the  Huron 
River,  about  26  miles  S.  of  Sandusky  City.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Steuben,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1020. 

Steuben,  Northampton  co..  Pa.     See  Hecktow.-*. 

Steuben  Lick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hopkins  co.,  Ky.,  5 
miles  from  Madisonville.  It  has  a  church,  a  coal-mine,  and 
sulphur  springs. 

Steubenville,  stu'b^n-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co., 
Ky.,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Somerset.     It  has  2  churches. 

Steubenville,  a  city  of  Ohio,  and  the  capital  of  Jef- 
ferson CO.,  is  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Ohio  River,  22  miles 
above  Wheeling,  and  68  miles  below  Pittsburg.  By  rail- 
road it  is  43  miles  W.  of  Pittsburg,  150  miles  E.  by  N. 
of  Columbus,  and  26  miles  N.  of  Bellaire.  It  is  on  the 
Cleveland  &  Pittsburg  Railroad  and  the  Pittsburg,  Cincin- 


nati <t  St.  Louis  Railroad,  which  here  crosses  the  rlrer  o 
a  bridge.  The  site  uf  the  town  is  an  elevated  plain.  1 
contains  a  court-house,  14  churches,  a  high  school  tbi 
Steubenville  Female  Seminary,  2  or  3  national  banks, 
other  banks,  a  paper-mill,  a  glass- factory,  several  woollen 
mills,  a  manufactory  of  white  lead,  2  or  3  rolling.inil|» 
several  machine-shops,  2  blast-furnaces  for  pig-iron,  ; 
breweries,  .Ic,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  2  daily  sni 
3  weekly  newspapers.  The  car-shops  of  the  Pittsburg,  Cin 
cinnati  &  St.  Louis  Railroad  are  located  at  StcubonviJIe.niu 
the  Jefferson  Iron  Company  here  employ  about  500  bnixlii 
Rich  mines  of  bituminous  coal  have  been  ojicned  near  thii 
place.     Pop.  in  1870,  8107;  in  1880,  12,093. 

Steurowitz,  stoi'ro-^its',  Gitoss,  groce,  ond  Ktrm 
kline,  two  nearly  contiguous  villages  of  Austria,  in  Mora, 
via,  near  Eisgrub.     Pop.  1700. 

Ste'vens,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Dakota  b 
bounded  on  tho  S.  and  S.W.  by  the  Missouri  River. 

Stevens,  a  county«n  the  S.W.  part  of  Kansas,  is  Inter 
sccted  by  tho  Cimarron  River.  Area,  about  (JJO  square  mile*, 

Stevens,  a  county  in  tho  W.  part  of  Minnesota,  hw  nn 
area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  tho  Ponime 
do  Torre  River,  which  runs  southward.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oat» 
grass,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple  ])roducta.  This  county 
is  intersected  by  tho  St.  Paul  &,  Pacilic  Railroad.  Cnpitiil, 
Morris.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $118,380, 
Pop.  in  1870,  174;  in  1875,  786;  in  1880,  3911. 

Stevens,  a  large  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Washing, 
ton,  borders  on  British  Columbia.  It  is  bounded  on  tht 
E.  and  S.  by  the  Columbia  River,  and  on  tho  W.  by  th« 
Cascade  Range  of  mountains.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Okanagon  River,  and  partly  drained  by  tho  Spoknn.  It 
contains  extensive  prairies.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Gold  is 
found  in  this  county.  Wheat,  oats,  grass,  and  potntocs  arc 
tho  staple  products  of  the  soil.  Capital,  Fort  Colville.  Val- 
nation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $201,480.  Pop.  in  1870, 
734,  of  whom  488  were  Americans;  in  1880,  1245. 

Stevens,  a  station  in  Burlington  co.,  N. J.,  on  tho  Cam- 
den &  Amboy  Railroad,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Burlington. 

Stevens,  Pa.     See  Reamstown  Station'. 

Ste'vensburg,  a  post-office  of  Chippewa  co.,  Micli.     ] 

Stevensburg,  a  post-village  of  Culpeper  co.,  Va.,  1 
miles  E.  of  Culpeper  Court-House,  and  about  75  uiilei 
N.N.W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  3  churches,  and  a  Btcain- 
mill  for  grinding,  sawing,  <tc.     Pop.  150. 

Stevens  Creek,  South  Carolina,  runs  nearly  south- 
ward through  Edgefield  co.,  and  enters  the  Savannah  River 
about  10  miles  above  Augusta,  Ga. 

Stevens  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  White  co..  Ark.,  • 
few  miles  N.E.  of  Searcy.     It  has  2  churches. 

Stevens  Creek,  a  post-ofBce  of  Grayson  co.,  Va. 

Stevens'  Landing,  a  hamlet  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mich.,  on 
Lake  Huron,  3  miles  from  Amadore  Station. 

Ste'venson,  a  post-village  of  Jackson  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Nashville  <t  Chattanooga  Railroad,  at  the  eastern  tcrniinns 
of  the  Memphis  <t  Charleston  Railroad,  39  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Chattanooga,  59  miles  E.N.E.  of  Huntsville,  and  3  raiJei 
W.  of  the  Tennessee  River.     It  has  4  churches.    Pop.  241. 

Stevenson,  a  station  in  Buffalo  co..  Neb.,  on  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of  Kearney  Junction. 

Stevenson's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Pa, 
about  13  miles  N.N.W.  of  Honesdale. 

Stevenson  Station,  a  post-office  of  Baltimore  CO., 
Md.,  on  the  Green  Spring  Branch  of  the  Northern  Central 
Railroad,  13  miles  N.N.W.  of  Baltimore. 

Stevens'  Plains,  a  post-village  in  Decring  township, 
Cumberland  co..  Me.,  on  the  Portland  <t  Ogdcnsburg  Rail- 
road, 3  miles  N.W.  of  Portland.  It  has  a  church,  a  semi- 
nary, and  manufactures  of  leather  and  britannia-ware. 

Stevens  Point,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Portage  eu., 
Wis.,  in  Stevens  Point  township,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Wis- 
consin River,  and  on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroail,  80 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Menasha,  85  miles  W.  of  Green  Bay,  and 
71  miles  N.  of  Portage  City.  It  contains  6  churches,  3 
banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  union  school,  a  Catholic  acad 
emy,  and  several  mills.  It  is  the  N.  terminus  of  a  bmnch 
railroad  which  extends  to  Portage  City.  Lumber  is  itJ 
chief  article  of  export.     Pop.  in  1880,  4449. 

Ste'vensport,  a  hamlet  of  Warrick  co.,  Ind.,  in  Lane 
township,  14  miles  N.  of  Booneville. 

Stevens's,  a  township  of  Darlington  co.,  S.C.  Pop.  1913. 

Ste'venston,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  3  milei 
by  rail  E.  of  Saltcoats,  with  iron-works.     Pop.  3110. 

Stevenstown,  Crawford  co.,  Kansas.    See  Opous. 

Ste'venstown,  a  post-village  of  La  Crosse  co..  Wis.,  on 
the  Black  River,  about  18  miles  N.  of  La  Crosse. 


STE 


2537 


STI 


Ste'vensville  (Kent  Island  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of 
Jueen  Anne  co.,  Md.,  on  Kent  Island,  which  is  in  Chesa- 
leake  Bay,  about  12  miles  E.  of  Annapolis.  It  has  3 
hurches.     Oysters  abound  here. 

Stevensville,  a  post-villago  in  Lincoln  township,  Ber- 
ien  CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Chicago  <fc  West  Michigan  Railroad, 

miles  S.  by  W.  of  St.  Joseph,  and  nearly  1  mile  from  Lake 
lichigan.     It  has  a  church,  2  lumber-mills,  Ac. 

Stevensville,  a  post- village  of  Missoula  co.,  Montana, 
Q  the  Bitter  Root  or  St.  Mary's  River,  about  .34  miles  S. 
f  Missoula.     Gold  is  found  near  this  place. 

Stevensville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  2i 
liles  from  Liberty  Falls  Station,  and  about  30  miles  N.  of 
ort  Jervis.  It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  and  a  grist-mill, 
ee  also  Stephensville. 

Stevensville,  a  post-village  in  Pike  township,  Brad- 
ird  CO.,  Pa.,  on  Wyalusing  Creek,  about  18  miles  E.  of 
awanda.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  2  flour-mills, 
id  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  350. 

Stevensville,  a  post-hamlet  of  King  and  Queen  co., 
a.,  about  35  miles  E.N.E.  of  Richmond. 

Ste'vensville,  a  post-village  in  Welland  co.,  Ontario, 
I  Black  Creek,  and  on  the  Canada  Southern  Railway,  17 
iles  from  Welland.     Pop.  100. 

Stevensweert,  sti'v§ns-*aiRt\  a  town  of  the  Neth- 
lands,  in  Limburg,  on  the  Meuse,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Roer- 

ond.     Pop.  1086. 

Steward,  Lee  co..  111.    See  Heatoit. 

Stew'ard's  Creek,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Denton  co.,  Tex. 

Steward's  3Iil Is,  a  post-hamlet  of  Freestone  co.,  Tex., 
jmiles  N.  of  Fairfield.  It  has  a  church. 
Istew'ardson,  or  Stew'artson,  a  post-village  in 
rairie  township,  Shelby  co.,  III.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Padu- 
Ih  Railroad,  at  Stewardson  Station,  12  miles  S.  of  AVind- 
|r.    It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  oflSee,  10  stores,  and  a 

ur-mill.     Pop.  about  500. 

Stewardson,  a  township  of  Potter  co..  Pa.     Pop.  210. 

Stew'art,  a  western  county  of  Georgia,  borders   on 

abama.     Area,  about  550  squ.are  miles.     It  is  bounded 

the  W.  by  the  Chattahoochee  River,  and  is  drained  by 

(mnahatchee  and  Pataula  Creek?.  The  surface  is  un- 
lating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
:  'ests  of  pine,  oak,  Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  maize, 
itle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Lumpkin. 
Muation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $2,629,693.  Pop.  in 
70,  14,204;  in  1880,  13,998. 

SteAVart,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee,  bordering  on 
"intucky,  has  an  area  of  about  350  square  miles.  It  is 
i  ersected  by  the  Cumberland  River,  and  bounded  on  the 

by  the  Tennessee  River.  The  surface  is  p.artly  hilly,  and 
Inostly  covered  with  forests  of  hickory,  oak,  wild  cherry, 
1  Inut,  Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  tobacco,  cot- 
.  ti,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Iron  ore  is  found 
Ire.    This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Louisville  A  Mem- 

s   Railroad.      It   has   several   iron-furnaces.      Capital, 

er.     Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $4,803,487. 

.  in  1870,  12,019  ;  in  1880,  12,690. 

tewart,  a  station  in  Sumter  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  South- 
tern  Railroad,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Americus. 

tewart,  a  hamlet  of  Pike  co..  111.,  on  the  Chicago  A 
[On  Railroad,  about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Jacksonville. 

tewart,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  Ky.,  12  miles 
of  Harrodsburg.     It  has  a  church. 

tewart,  a  post-office  of  McLeod  co.,  Minn. 
Hewart,  a  post-office  of  Pemiscot  co.,  Mo. 

Stewart,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  on 
t!  Hocking,  and  on  the  Marietta  A  Cincinnati  Railroad, 
1   miles  E.  of  Athens.     It  has  several  mills  and  a  church. 

Itewart,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1266. 
atewart,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg,  Titusville  A  Bufialo 
l':lroad,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Oil  City,  Pa. 

,^tewart,  a  post- hamlet  of  Houston  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Ijiisville  A  Memphis  Railroad,  37  miles  W.  by  S.  of 
Cjrksville.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  lime 
ai  staves. 

tewart,  Green  co.,  AVis.    See  Postville. 

tewart  Island,  an  island  of  New  Zealand,  S.  of 
S  th  Island.     See  New  Zeala.nd. 

rtewart  Islands.    See  Solomon  Islands. 

tew'arton,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  on  the 
Aiock,  5  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Kilmarnock.  Pop.  3299. 
I'^is  regularly  built,  and  has  manufactures  of  tartans, 
b'nets,  caps,  carpets,  worsted,  spindles,  and  clocks. 

tew'arton,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
P.sburg,  Connellsville  A  Baltimore  Railroad,  69  miles 
S,E.  of  Pittsburg. 

teAvart's  Creek,  township,  Harnett  co.,  N.C.  P.  997. 
160 


Stewart's  Creek,  township,  Surry  co.,  N.C.    P.  796. 

Stewart's  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Davidson  co.,  Tcun., 
about  11  miles  E.  of  Nashville. 

Stewart's  Fork,  Te.vas,  rises  in  Cook  co.,  and  entc^ 
the  West  Fork  of  Trinity  River  in  Tarrant  co. 

Stewartson,  Shelby  co..  111.    See  Stkwardsox. 

Stewart's  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Forest  co..  Pa.,  4 
miles  N.W.  of  Tionesta,  and  about  12  miles  S.E.  of  Titus- 
ville.    It  has  oil-wells. 

Stewart's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hale  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  Alabama  A  Chattanooga  Railroad,  13  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Eutaw. 

Stew'artstoAvn,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Tyrone,  1 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Dungannon.     Pop.  931. 

Stew'artstown,  a  post-hamlet  in  Stewartstown  town- 
ship, Coos  CO.,  N.H.,  about  40  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Lancaster. 
It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  starch.  Pop.  of  tho 
township,  909. 

StewartstOAVn,  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  now  called  Etna. 

StewartstOAVn,  a  post-village  in  Hopewell  township, 
York  CO.,  Pa.,  about  35  miles  N.  of  Baltimore,  Md.  It  haa 
a  classical  institute,  3  churches,  and  grist-mills.     Pop.  212. 

SteAVartstOwn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monongalia  co.,  W. 
Va.,  on  or  ne.ar  the  Cheat  River,  about  54  miles  E.S.E.  of 
AVhceling.     Near  it  are  2  or  3  churches. 

StcAV'artsville,  a  post-office  of  Coosa  co.,  Ala. 

SteAvartsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Posey  co.,  Ind.,  about 
22  miles  N.W.  of  Evansville.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
graded  school. 

SteAvartsville,  a  ])ost-office  of  Grant  co.,  Ky. 

StCAVartsville,  a  post-village  of  De  Kalb  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  Hannibal  A  St.  Joseph  Railroad,  21  miles  E.  of  St. 
Joseph.  It  has  a  bank,  a  money-order  post-office,  the 
Stewartsville  Seminary,  a  newspaper  office,  3  churches,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  tobacco-factory.     Pop.  in  1880,  537. 

SteAvartsville,  a  post-village  in  Greenwich  township, 
AViirren  co.,  N.J.,  in  a  valley,  on  the  Morris  Canal  and  the 
Delaware,  Lackawanna  A  Western  Railroad,  5i  miles  E. 
by  N.  of  Easton,  Pa.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and 
a  tannery.     Pop.  about  000. 

Stewartsville,  township,  Richmond  co.,  N.C.   P.  3552. 

SteAvartsville,  a  post-office  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  at 
Franklin  Station  on  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  7 
miles  W.  of  Bellaire.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

SteAA'artsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVestmoreland  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  1  mile  from  Larimer's 
Station,  and  about  15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2 
or  3  churches.     Coal  is  mined  near  it. 

Stewartsville,  a  post-village  of  Bedford  co.,  Ya.,  on 
tho  E.  slope  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  20  miles  SAV.  of  Liberty. 
It  has  a  church,  a  tobacco-factory,  and  2  stores. 

SteAvart  ToAVn,  Ontario.     See  Esquesing. 

StCAv'artville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Olmsted  co.,  Minn., 
on  Root  River,  12  miles  S.  by  AV.  of  Rochester.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  flour-mill. 

SteAv'artville,or  BaI'mer's  Island,  apost-villago 
in  Renfrew  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  Madawaska  River,  8  miles 
AV.S.AV.  of  Arnprior.     Pop.  150. 

Steyer,  or  Steyr,  sti'^r,  a  town  of  Upper  Austria,  at 
the  confluence  of  the  Enns  and  Steyer,  19  miles  S.E.  of 
Lintz.  Pop.  13,392.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls.  It  has  largo 
and  important  manufactures  of  muskets  and  other  arms, 
cotton  and  cotton  velvets,  and  steel-  and  iron-wares. 

Steyeregg,  or  Steiereck,  sti'§r-6K\  a  town  of  Upper 
Austria,  on  the  Danube,  opposite  the  influx  of  the  Traun 
Pop.  1705.     It  is  enclosed  by  old  walls. 

Steyermark,  Austria.    See  Sta-ria. 

Steyle,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia.    See  ^eele. 

Steyning,  std'ning,  a  town  of  England,  in  Sussex,  !> 
miles  from  the  English  Channel,  and  12i  miles  S.  of  Hors- 
ham.    Pop.  of  parish,  1655. 

Stezzano,  st5t-si'no,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  3 
miles  S.  of  Bergamo.     Pop.  2254. 

Stia,  stee'd,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Tuscany,  23  miles  E. 
of  Florence,  on  the  Upper  Arno.     Pop.  3280. 

Stice's  Shoal,  a  post-office  of  Cleveland  co.,  N.C. 

Stick'lerville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  Mo.,  on 
the  Muscle  River,  16  miles  E.  of  Milan.  It  has  a  plough- 
factory,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Stick'leyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Va.,  about  50 
miles  AV.  of  Abingdon.     It  has  a  church. 

Stiege,  stee'gh^h,  a  village  of  Brunswick,  on  tho  Hassel, 
about  2  miles^E.  of  Ilasselfelde.     Pop.  1279. 

Stierne  Oerne,  steeR'n^h  o'5r-n?h,  an  island  group 
of  Norway,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Bukke-Fiord,  N.AV.  of 
Stavanger. 

Stiernde,  steeR'nci'^h,  an  island  of  Norway,  stift  of 


STI 


2538 


STI 


Christianannd,  in  the  North  Sea,  nt  the  entrance  of  the 
Bka^or-Rock,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Mandal. 

StiernttC)  an  island  of  Norway,  province  of  Finmaric, 
betwoen  Altongaard  and  Hammerfest. 

StilPler,  a  station  on  the  railroad  between  Altoona  and 
Hollidaysburg,  5i  miles  S.S.W.  of  Altoona,  Pa. 

Stiflcsvillc,  sti'f^lz-vll,  a  post-hamlot  of  Crawford  oo., 
m.,  about  42  miles  S.E.  of  Mattoon. 

StiglianOf  stool-y&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Bosilicata, 
27  miles  S.W.  of  Matera.     Pop.  5606. 

Stigliano,  a  village  of  Italy,  25  miles  N.W,  of  Rome, 
with  warm  springs,  the  ancient  Aqtue  Apollinaret. 

Stikecn,  or  Stikinc,  stik-een',  a  river  of  British  Co- 
lumbia and  Alaska,  has  several  forks  or  principal  head- 
Btreams,  flows  W.  for  275  miles,  and  roaches  Stikeen  Strait 
and  Frederick  Sound,  Alaska,  by  two  mouths,  the  larger 
in  lat.  56°  41'  N.,  Ion.  132°  22'  W.  The  river  is  noted  for 
its  grand  scenery  and  for  the  gold-mines  on  its  banks,  and 
is  navigated  in  its  lower  course  by  steamers. 

Stiles,  Clarke  co.,  Ind.    See  CLAnKSViLLit. 

Stiles,  stllz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Davis  co.,  Iowa,  about  30 
miles  S.  of  Ottumwa.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 

Stiles,  a  post-village  in  Stiles  township,  Oconto  co.. 
Wis.,  on  the  Oconto  River,  about  25  miles  N.  of  Green  Bay, 
and  10  miles  W.  of  Oconto.  It  has  1  or  2  lumber-mills. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  453. 

Stilesborough,  stilz'bar-rtth,  a  post-village  of  Bartow 
eo.,  Qa.,  on  the  Etowah  River  and  the  Cherokee  Railroad, 
about  45  miles  N.W.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
steam  mill,  ka. 

Stiles  (stllz)  Station,  a  post-office  of  Onondaga  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Oswego  4  Syracuse  Railroad,  7  miles  N.W.  of 
Syracuse. 

Stilesville,  stilz'vll,  a  post-village  in  Franklin  town- 
Bhip,  Hendricks  co.,  Ind.,  on  Mill  Creek,  about  13  miles  E. 
of  Greencastle.  It  has  3  churches,  a  woollen-factory,  and  a 
grist-mill.     Pon.  300. 

Stilfserjoch,  the  German  name  of  the  Stelvio. 

Stilles-Meer,  a  Gorman  name  of  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

Still'man  Val'ley,  a  post-village  in  Marion  town- 
ship, Ogle  CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Pacific  Railroad,  84 
miles  W.  of  Chicago.     It  has  2  churches. 

StiPlor'gan,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  and  5  miles  S.E. 
of  Dublin.     Pop.  512. 

Still  Pond,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  Md.,  about  34 
miles  E.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures 
of  carriages  and  furniture. 

Still  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on 
the  Nashua  River  and  the  Worcester  <k  Nashua  Railroad, 
23  miles  N.E.  of  Worcester.  It  has  a  church  and  a  brick-yard. 

Still'water,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shasta  co.,  Cal.,  12  miles 
from  the  California  <fc  Oregon  Railroad. 

Stillwater,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.,  Iowa,  about 
14  miles  N.  of  Charles  City. 

Stillwater,  a  post-office  of  Wolfe  co.,  Ky.,  40  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Mount  Sterling. 

Stillwater,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Washington  co., 
Minn.,  in  Stillwater  township,  on  the  Vf.  bank  of  the  St. 
Croix  River  (here  expanded  into  a  narrow  lake),  19i  miles 
E.N.E.  of  St.  Paul,  and  about  7  miles  N.  of  Hudson.  It 
is  on  the  St.  Paul,  Stillwater  &,  Taylor  Falls  Railroad. 
Steamboats  navigate  the  river  or  lake  above  and  below  this 
town.  It  contains  a  penitentiary,  a  fine  court-house,  2 
national  banks,  9  churches,  3  newspaper  offices,  a  high 
school,  and  several  handsome  public  buildings.  It  has  an 
extensive  trade  in  pine  lumber,  many  large  lumber-mills, 
a  foundry,  and  manufactures  of  flour.  Stillwater  is  a  ter- 
minus of  a  branch  of  the  St.  Paul  &  Duluth  Railroad.  Pop. 
in  1870,  5750;  in  1880,  9055. 

Stillwater,  a  post-office  of  Yellowstone  co.,  Montana. 

Stillwater,  a  post-office  of  Webster  co.,  Neb. 

Stillwater,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Churchill  co., 
Nevada,  about  65  miles  E.N.E.  of  Virginia  City. 

Stillwater,  a  post-village  in  Stillwater  township,  Sus- 
sex CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Paulinskill,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Newton. 
It  has  2  churches,  3  stores,  and  a  grist-mill.  The  township 
contains  several  lakes,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1632. 

Stillwater,  a  post-village  in  Stillwater  township,  Sar- 
atoga CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  AV.  bank  of  the  Hudson  River,  and 
on  the  Champlain  Canal,  23  miles  above  Albany,  and  about 
14  miles  S.E.  of  Saratoga  Springs.  It  has  5  churches,  2 
knitting-mills,  and  manufactures  of  paper,  lumber,  wool, 
Ac.  Pop.  737  ;  of  the  township  (which  comprises  part  of 
Mechanicsville),  3439.  At  this  place  General  Burgoyne 
attacked  General  Gates,  September  19,  1777,  and  was  re- 
pulsed, with  a  loss  of  about  500  men.  This  was  called  the 
Battle  of  Stillwater.    This  township  was  also  the  scene  of 


another  important  battle,  which  occurred  Octob«r  7  17"' 
and  resulted  in  the  defeat  of  General  Burgoyne,       ' 

Stillwater,  a  hamlet  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.,  on  Stil 
water  Creek,  about  35  miles  8,  of  Canton. 

Stillwater,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  Pa  o 
Fishing  Creek,  13  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bloomsburg.  It  hw 
flour-mill  and  a  church. 

Stillwater,  a  village  of  Smithfield  township,  V"  • 
dence  co.,  R.I.,  on  the  Woonasquatucket  River  «i 
Providence  &  Springfield  Railroad,  10  miles  N.W.  of  1 
dence.     It  has  a  graded  school,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  lin; 
grist-mill.     Pop.  145.  *" 

Stillwater,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henderson  oo.,  Tex  1 
miles  W.  of  Tyler  Station.  "' 

Stillwater,  a  post-village  in  Ouysborough  oo.,  Not 
Scotia,  4  miles  from  Sherbrooke.     Pop.  130. 

Stillwater,  a  village  in  Hants  co..  Nova  Scotia, on  th 
Western  Counties  Railway,  33  miles  from  Halifax.  Pop.  loi 

Stillwater  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  in   Darke  co.,  rur 
nearly  southeastward,  and  unites  with  Greenville  Creek 
Covington,  Miami  co. 

Stillwater  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  in  Belmont  co.,runs . 
a  N.N.W.  direction,  intersects  Harrison  co.,  ami  enters  th 
Tusoarawas  River  about  7  miles  below  New  Philadelnhi: 
It  is  nearly  60  miles  long. 

Stillwater  Junction,  a  station  on  the  St.  Paul,  Stil 
water  A  Taylor  Falls  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  tb 
Stillwater  Branch,  16  miles  E.  of  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

Stili'well,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co..  III.,  on  th 
Carthage  division  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  A  Quinc 
Railroad,  26  miles  N.N.E.  of  Quincy.     It  has  a  church. 

Stil  I  well,  a  post-office  of  La  Porte  eo.,  Ind.,  on  the  h 
dianapolis,  Peru  A  Chicago  Railro.od  where  it  crosses  tl 
Chicago  A  Lake  Huron  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  La  Port 
and  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  South  Bend. 

Stilo,  stee'Io,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Rcggio  < 
Calabria,  20  miles  N.  of  Gerace.     Pop.  2200. 

Stil'son,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Cherokee  co.,K8i 
sas,  on  the  Missouri  River,  Fort  Scott  A  Gulf  Railroad, 
miles  N.  of  Columbus. 

Stilson  Hollow,  New  York.    See  West  Windsor. 

Stil'ton's,  a  station  of  the  South  Carolina  Railroad, 
miles  N.  of  Orangeburg  Court-House,  S.C. 

Stine's  (stinz)  Corner,  a  post-office  of  Lehigh  co.,  P 

Stinesville,  stinz'vil,  a  post-village  in  Bean  BIosso 
township,  Monroe  co.,  Ind.,  near  White  River,  and  on  tl 
Louisville,  New  Albany  A  Chicago  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  ( 
Gosport.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  ston 
quarry.     Pop.  140. 

Stinesville,  Lehigh  co..  Pa.    See  Steinsville. 

Stinking  Water,  Montana.    See  Passamahi  Crbes 

Stin'son,  a  post-office  of  Outagamie  co..  Wis. 

Slip's  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind.,  sboi 
38  miles  S.S.W.  of  Richmond.     It  has  2  churches. 

Stiria,  Austro-Hungary.     See  SryniA.  i 

Stir'ling,  or  Stirlingshire,  stir'ling-shir,  a  count! 
of  Scotland,  extending  almost  across  the  isthmus  betwe(' 
the  Firths  of  Clyde  and  Forth.  Area,  467  square  mile 
Pop.  98,218.  The  surface  is  partly  mountainous,  especial 
towards  the  W.  and  N.W.,  where  it  includes  Ben-Lomom 
elsewhere  are  some  rich  vales.  Moors  and  bogs  prevail  i 
some  parts.  The  chief  rivers  are  the  Forth,  Carron,  Endric 
Bannockburn,  and  Avon.  Coal,  ironstone,  and  frecstoi 
are  raised;  and  there  are  manufactures  of  carpets,  tartan 
shalloons,  blankets  and  serges,  ehemiciil  products,  and  pape 
here  also  are  some  large  cotton-mills,  foundries,  dye-work 
and  distilleries.  The  chief  towns  are  Stirling,  Falkirk,  ar 
Kilsyth.  The  county  is  divided  into  25  parishes,  and  »eD<i 
one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Stirling  (formerly  Stryvelyne  or  Estrivelin), 
burgh  of  Scotland,  capital  of  the  above  county,  on  the  ^ 
or  right  bank  of  the  Forth,  at  the  junction  of  several  mi 
ways,  31  miles  W.N.W.  of  Edinburgh,  and  26  miles  S.A 
of  Perth.  Pop.  12,194.  In  the  beauty  of  its  site  it  riva 
the  Scottish  metropolis.  It  stands  on  the  S.E.  declivity ' 
an  abrupt  hill,  up  which  a  spacious  main  street  leads  to  t: 
ancient  castle,  whence  a  view  is  obtained  unequalled  f 
beauty  in  Britain.  Its  streets  generally  present  the  appca 
anee  of  modernized  antiquity,  being  inters])ersed  with  mai 
residences  of  the  old  Scottish  nobles.  The  castle  was 
favorite  residence  of  James  V.,  and  contains  the  palace  ai 
the  parliament  house  built  by  him,  but  now  used  as  hn 
racks.  The  church  in  which  James  VI.  was  crowned,  t 
West  church,  and  numerous  other  places  of  worship,  the  i 
mains  of  several  ancient  ecclesiastical  edifices.  Cowan's  a 
other  hospitals,  the  town  hall,  atlicnoeura,  corn  c.xcbanj 
jail.  Bank  of  Scotland,  and  the  old  walls  and  bridges,  s 


STI 


2539 


STO 


i  among  the  most  conspicuous  structures.   It  has  a  grammar- 

i  school  and  other  endowed  schools,  large   endowments  for 

( the  poor,  public  libraries  and  reading-rooms,  a  mechanics' 

!  institute,  and  several  branch  banks.     Vessels  of  150  tons 

t  can  reach  its  quays ;  and  it  has  an  extensive  coasting  and 

j  export  trade  in  wool,  and  in  the  products  of  its  manufac- 

i  tures,  which  comprise  tartans,  shawls,  oils,  cotton  stuffs, 

I  ropes,  malt,  leather,  and  soap.   The  dyeing  of  yarns,  woollen 

cloths,  silks,  and  other  fabrics  is  extensive.     The  imports 

consist  chiefly  of  timber,  coals,  bricks,  tiles,  lime,  and  largo 

quantities  c5  corn.     The  burgh  unites  with  Dunfermline, 

Culross,  Inverkeithing,  and  South  Queensferry  in  sending 

one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.     Near  Stirling  are 

the  remains  of  Cambuskennoth  Abbey ;  and  not  far  from 

the  town,  Juno  24,  1314,  was  fought  the  famous  battle  of 

Bannockburn, 

Stir'ling,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ga.,  about  88 
miles  W.  of  Savannah.  It  is  surrounded  by  forests  of  yel- 
low pine. 

Stirling,  of  Illinois  and  New  Jersey.    See  Sterlixo. 

Stir'liiig  (formerly  Raw'don),  a  village  in  Hastings 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  Rawdon  Creek,  a  tributary  of  the  Trent,  16 
miles  N.AV.  of  Belleville.  It  contains  a  large  flour-mill,  a 
woollen-mill,  15  stores,  and  5  churches.     Pop.  1300. 

Stir'rup  Grove,  a  post-oflice  of  Macoupin  co.,  111., 
about  26  miles  S.W.  of  Springfield. 

Stir'ton,  a  post-village  in  AVellington  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Conestogo  River,  17  miles  W.N.W.  of  Elora.    Pop.  150. 

Stis'siug,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Dutchess  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Dutchess  &  Columbia  Railroad,  at  its  junction 
with  the  Poughkeepsie  &  Eastern  Railroad,  21  miles  N.E. 
of  Poughkeepsie. 

Stith'ton,  a  post-office  of  Hardin  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville,  Paducah  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  29  miles  S. 
by  W.  of  Louisville. 

Stilts,  a  station  in  Essex  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Erie  Rail- 
road (Paterson  &  Newark  Branch),  4  miles  N.  of  Newark. 

Stitts'ville,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Canada  Central  Railway,  14}  miles  S.W.  of  Ottawa.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  carding-mill,  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  1 00. 

Stitt'ville,  a  post-village  in  Trenton  township,  Oneida 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Utica  &  Black  River  Railroad,  10  miles  N. 
of  Utica.  It  has  a  church,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  tannery. 
Pop.  243. 

Stitz'er,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co..  Wis.,  22  miles  by 
railway  S.  of  AVoodman.     It  has  2  churches. 

Stobi,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Istip. 

Stobiiica,  stob-neet'si,  a  town  of  Poland,  32  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Kielce.     Pop.  2715. 

Stock,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  0.     Pop.  771. 

Stock,  a  township  of  Noble  co.,  0.     Pop.  1650. 

Stockach,  stok'k^K,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the  Stoekach, 
15  miles  N.W.  of  Constance.  Pop.  2038.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  woollens.  In  1799  the  Austrians  here  defeated  the 
French. 

Stock'bridge,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Hants,  on  the 
river  Test,  and  on  the  Andover  Canal,  8  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Winchester.     Pop.  853. 

Stock'bridge,  a  post-office  of  Henry  co.,  Ga.,  about 
20  miles  S.E.  of  Atlanta.     Here  is  a  church. 

Stockbridge,  a  beautiful  post-village  and  summer  re- 
sort of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  in  Stockbridge  township,  on 
the  Housatonio  River  and  the  Housatonic  Railroad,  17 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Pittsfield,  and  8  miles  N.  of  Great  Bar- 
rington.  It  contains  a  national  bank,  a  public  library,  a 
high  school,  2  schools  for  young  ladies,  a  large  summer 
hotel,  and  3  churches.  A  monument  has  been  erected  here 
to  Jonathan  Edwards,  who  resided  in  Stockbridge.  The 
township  is  diversified  with  hills  and  valleys,  and  presents 
admirable  scenery.  It  contains  Curtisville  and  Glendale. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1880,  2357;  of  the  village,  733. 

Stockbridge,  a  post-village  in  Stockbridge  township, 
Ingham  co.,  Mich.,  69  miles  W.  of  Detroit,  and  about  28 
miles  S.E.  of  Lansing.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  872. 

Stockbridge,  a  post-township  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y., 
about  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Utica,  is  intersected  by  Oneida 
Creek,  and  by  the  New  York  &  Oswego  Midland  Railroad. 
It  contains  villages  named  Knoxville  and  Munnsville. 
Stockbridge  Post-Office  and  Station  are  at  Knoxville,  which 
is  often  called  Stockbridge.   Pop.  of  township  in  1880,  2023. 

Stockbridge,  a  post-hamlet  in  Stockbridge  township, 
Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  West  Branch  of  AVhite  River, 
about  16  miles  N.E.  of  Rutland.  It  has  a  church.  The 
township  contains  Gaysville.    Pop.  of  township,  1269. 

Stockbridge,  a  post-village  in  Stockbridge  township, 
Calumet  co.,  AVis.,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Lake  Winnebago, 


about  22  miles  N.N.E.  of  Fond  du  Lac,  and  12  miles  S.E. 
of  Neenah.  It  has  a  high  school,  3  churches,  a  brick-yard, 
a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2092. 

Stock'daie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Eel  River,  about  15  miles  N.E.  of  Peru. 

Stockdaie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Riley  co.,  Kansas,  on  Big 
Blue  River,  and  on  the  Manhattan  &  Northwestern  Railroad, 
10  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Manhattan. 

Stockdaie,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVilson  co.,  Tex.,  about 
33  miles  E.S.E.  of  San  Antonio.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist- 
mill, and  3  stores. 

Stock'daie,  formerly  Pow'ell's  Mills,  a  post-vil- 
lage in  Northumberland  co.,  Ontario,  8  miles  N.  of  Trenton. 
It  has  2  carding-mills,  a  saw-  and  flouring-mill.     Pop.  120. 

Stockerau,  stok'k§h-r6w\  a  town  of  Lower  Austria, 
on  an  arm  of  the  Danube,  6  miles  N.AV.  of  Korneuburg, 
and  connected  with  Vienna  by  railway.  Pop.  5232,  who 
manufacture  military  uniforms,  linen  fabrics,  and  liqueurs. 

Stock'ertown,  a  post-office  of  Northampton  co.,  Pa,, 
about  5  miles  N.N.W.  of  Easton. 

Stock'ham,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co..  Neb. 

Stocklieim,  stock'hime,  a  town  of  Belgium,  province 
of  Limbourg,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Maaseyck.     Pop.  1000. 

Stokhod,  sto-Kod',  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  W. 
of  Volhynia,  flows  N.N.E.  into  Minsk,  and  joins  the  right 
bank  of  the  Pripets  near  the  confines  of  the  government 
of  Grodno.     Total  course,  110  miles. 

Stockholm,  stok'holm  (L.  Hol'mia;  Sp.  Estocolmo, 
Ss-to-kol'mo  ;  It.  Stocolma,  sto-kol'mi),  a  city  and  capital 
of  Sweden,  beautifully  situated  between  Lake  Maelar  and 
the  Baltic,  330  miles  N.E.  of  Copenhagen,  and  440  miles 
W.S.W.  of  St.  Petersburg.  Lat.  69°  20'  36"  N. ;  Ion.  18° 
3'  45"  E.  Mean  temperature  of  the  year,  42.2° ;  winter, 
26° ;  summer,  60°  F.  It  stands  partly  on  the  N.  and  S.  sides 
of  the  strait,  between  the  lake  and  the  sea,  and  partly  on 
several  islands,  connected  with  the  mainland  and  with  one 
another  by  bridges.  AV'hen  approached  from  the  Baltic,  the 
appearance  presented  by  the  city  is  very  grand  and  im- 
posing; but  a  still  better  view  is  obtained  from  the  Mose- 
backe,  a  rugged  hill  on  the  S.  side  of  the  mainland.  The 
panorama  in  many  respects  resembles  that  of  Venice,  but 
far  surpasses  it  in  natural  beauty.  The  whole  site  covers 
an  area  of  nearly  5  square  miles,  and  has  a  circuit  of  about 
9  miles.  A  strong  citadel  has  been  erected  on  the  small 
island  of  Kastellholm,  while  the  works  of  Waxholm  have 
been  so  strengthened  as  to  command  the  only  channel  by 
which  a  hostile  approach  by  sea  could  be  attempted.  The 
principal  part  of  the  city  proper  is  situated  on  the  three 
islands  of  Gustavsholm,  Riddarsholm,  and  Helgeandsholm. 
It  consists  for  the  most  part  of  narrow  and  crooked  streets 
and  lanes,  though  many  of  the  most  interesting  objects 
which  the  town  possesses  are  situated  within  it.  Norrmalm, 
on  the  N.,  separated  from  the  city  proper  by  the  Norrstrom, 
and  Sodermalm,  on  the  S.,  separated  from  it  by  the  Soder- 
strom,  though  considered  only  as  its  suburbs,  far  surpass  it 
both  in  extent  and  in  regularity  of  structure.  The  houses 
in  the  city  are  generally  of  stone,  but  in  the  suburbs  more 
frequently  of  brick,  stuccoed. 

By  far  the  finest  of  the  public  buildings  is  the  palace, 
which,  situated  on  the  highest  part  of  Gustavsholm,  is  seen 
towering  with  its  vast  and  massive  walls  above  the  neigh- 
boring houses.  It  was  commenced  in  1697  and  was  com 
pleted  in  1753.  It  is  in  the  form  of  a  quadrangle,  with  2 
wings,  and  encloses  a  large  court.  Besides  the  apartments 
of  the  royal  family,  and  the  chapel,  it  contains  a  royal 
library  with  some  curious  manuscripts,  and  a  museum  pos- 
sessing many  valuable  Northern,  Tuscan,  and  Egyptian  an- 
tiquities, a  cabinet  of  coins  and  medals,  one  of  the  finest 
collections  of  the  kind,  and  a  picture-gallery,  with  speci- 
mens of  almost  all  the  great  masters. 

The  churches  are  about  20  in  number,  but  few  of  them 
possess  much  architectural  merit.  The  oldest  is  St.  Nic- 
olas, in  which  the  sovereigns  are  crowned.  The  Rid- 
darsholm Kyrka  possesses  considerable  historical  interest 
from  containing  the  ashes  of  a  long  line  of  Swedish  mon- 
archs.  The  church  of  Adolphus  Frederick,  in  the  Norr- 
malm, is  rendered  conspicuous  by  its  elegant  tower  crowned 
by  a  copper  dome.  The  other  public  edifices  deserving  of 
notice  are  the  beautiful  national  museum,  governor's  house, 
facing  the  quay,  on  which  a  granite  obelisk  in  honor  of 
Gustavus  III.  has  been  erected,  the  Riddarhuus,  where  the 
states  and  the  academy  of  sciences  hold  their  meetings,  the 
exchange,  the  mint,  with  a  good  collection  of  minerals,  the 
town  house,  the  post-office,  bank,  merchant-house,  royal 
theatre,  opera-house,  arsenal,  and  barracks. 

Among  the  educational  establishments  are  a  medi(,al  col- 
lege, a  technological  institute,  a  navigation  school,  and  a 


STO 


2540 


STO 


■ohool  of  design.  The  principal  benevolent  institutions  are 
k  blind  and  deaf-and-duuib  a«yluui,  a  lunatic  aj<yluui,  the 
Seraphim  Intirinary,  oooupyin);  a  handsome  editiue,  with 
lorty  and  spacious  apartments  and  300  beds,  Danvik's 
Hospital,  the  Burgher  Widows'  Hospital,  and  the  Garrison 
Infirmary.  The  associations,  literary,  scientific,  artistic,  &o., 
^  are  very  numerous,  and  include,  among  othcra,  the  academy 
of  science?,  possessing  a  fine  zooloj^iciil  museum,  the  Swedish 
Academy,  the  aoadomy  of  hisitury  and  antiquities,  tlio 
musical  academy,  and  medical,  agricultural,  and  horticul- 
tural societies.  Stockholm  has  also  a  botanic  garden,  and 
■everal  clubs  and  reading-rootns. 

The  manufactures  consist  chiefly  of  woollen,  linen,  cotton, 
and  silk  goods,  porcelain  and  stoneware,  gloss,  refined  sugar, 
tobacco,  and  ironware,  including  castings  and  machinery. 
The  harbor,  though  somewhat  difficult  of  access,  is  capa- 
cious, and  has  depth  of  water  sufficient  for  the  largest  ves- 
Bels  at  its  quays.  The  principal  exports  are  iron,  copper, 
tar,  and  timber;  the  imports,  colonial  produce,  wine,  fruit, 
salt,  &o.  The  inland  trade  is  also  of  considerable  extent, 
and  is  facilitated  by  canals  and  railways,  which  traverse  a 
large  portion  of  the  country. 

Stockholm  was  founded  about  1260,  by  Birger  Jarl.  It 
was  fortified  at  an  early  period,  and  stood  several  sieges. 
One  of  the  most  memorable  of  those  was  in  1501,  when  it 
■was  defended  against  the  Swedes,  for  the  crown  of  Den- 
mark, by  the  Danish  Queen  Christina;  another,  still  more 
memorable,  was  in  1520,  when  Christina  Gyllenstierna, 
widow  of  Sten  Sture,  held  it  for  the  Swedes  against  the 
'perfidious  Christian  II.  The  capitulation  made  was  shame- 
fully violated  by  the  king,  and  was  followed  by  the  war  of 
liberation,  which,  conducted  by  Gustavus  Vasa,  at  length 
terminated  by  the  expulsion  of  the  Danes  and  the  estab- 
lishment of  Sweden  as  an  independent  kingdom.  Pop.  in 
1851,  93,070;  in  1863,  124,6fll;  in  1883,  194,469, 

Stockholm,  a  Isen  or  province  of  Sweden.  Area,  2995 
•quare  miles.     Capital,  Stockholm.     Pop.  140,606. 

Stock'holm,  township,  Crawford  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  334. 

Stockholm,  a  township  of  Wright  co.,  Minn.     P.  917. 

Stockholm,  a  post-village  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  near 
the  New  Jersey  Midland  Railroad,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Pater- 
•on.     It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Stockholm,  a  post-township  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  St.  Regis  River,  about  11  miles  N.E.  of  Potsdam. 
It  is  drained  by  the  St.  Regis  River,  and  intersected  by  the 
Ogdcnsburg<t  Lake  Champlain  Railroad.  It  contains  East 
Stockholm  (Stockholm  Post-Office),  West  Stockholm,  North 
Stockholm,  Southville,  and  Stockholm  Depot,     Pop.  3550. 

Stockholm,  a  post-village  in  Stockholm  township, 
Pepin  CO.,  Wis.,  on  Lake  Pepin,  3  miles  from  Lake  City 
Station,  about  16  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Red  AVing,  Minn.  It 
•has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  606. 

Stockholm  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  18  miles  N.E.  of  Canton.  It  has  a  hotel 
and  a  store. 

Stockholm  Depot,  New  York.    See  BnAsnEU  Falls. 

Stock'ing  Harbor,  a  hamlet  on  the  N.  side  of  Green 
Bay,  Newfoundland,  12  miles  from  Tilt  Cove.     Pop.  100. 

Stock'ington,  a  hamlet  of  Salem  co.,  N.J.,  5  miles 
from  Alloway  Station. 

Stock'land,  a  township  of  Iroquois  co..  III.  Pop.  687. 

Stocklaiid,  a  post-hatnlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Mo.,  12 
miles  from  Montgomery  City.     It  has  2  churches. 

Stock'ley,  a  post-office  of  Sussex  co.,  Del.,  on  the 
•Breakwater  &  Frankford  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Georgetown. 

Stockoru,  or  Stockhorn,  stock'hoRn,  a  mountain  of 
Switzerland,  canton  and  18  miles  S.  of  Bern.  It  has  2 
oonical  peaks,  one  of  which  rises  721 1  feet  above  the  sea. 

Stock'port,  a  borough  of  England,  cos.  of  Chester  and 
Lancaster,  on  the  Mersey,  at  the  influx  of  the  Tame,  at  a 
railway  junction,  6i  miles  S.E.  of  Manchester.  The  Mer- 
sey is  joined  here  by  the  Tame  and  crossed  by  several 
bridges.  The  town  occupies  nn  elevated,  uneven  site,  on 
■which  the  houses  rise  in  irregular  tiers,  giving  it  at  all 
times  a  picturesque  and  striking  appearance.  The  streets. 
though  steep  and  narrow,  are  well  paved,  and  lighted  with 
gas,  and  the  supply  of  water  is  abundant.  Besides  the  town 
proper  there  are  several  extensive  suburbs,  as  Heaton-Nor- 
ris,  Edgeley,  Portwood,  &o.  The  principal  buildings  and 
establishments  are  the  parish  church  of  St.  Mary,  a  handr 
some  modern  structure  with  an  ancient  chancel,  St.  Thomas' 
church,  an  elegant  edifice  in  the  Grecian  style,  St.  Peter's 
church,  Christ  church  in  lleaton-Norris,  with  a  fine  spire, 
St.  Paul's  church  in  Portwood,  in  the  Gothic  style,  barracks, 
court-house,  and  union  house,  grammar-school,  British, 
national,  and  other  schools,  the  mechanics'  institute,  the  in- 
firmary, occupying  a  handsome  stone  building,  the  cemetery, 


covering  a  large  plot  of  ground,  ond  the  railway  viadaet,  » 
magnificent  structure,  which  spans  the  Mersey  and  a  grcal 
portion  of  the  town. 

Cotton  is  the  staple  manufacture  of  the  town;  and  n 
addition  to  numerous  large  factories,  there  are  print- 
bleach-,  and  dye-works.  The  winding  and  throwing  uftjlk 
has  declined,  as  well  ns  the  manufacture  of  silk  goodn 
thread,  brushes,  Ac.  There  are  also  several  engine-  and 
machine-shops,  iron-  and  brass-foundries,  breweries,  and 
brick-works.  Stockport,  being  situated  at  the  junction  of 
several  Roman  roads,  is  supposed  to  have  been  an  important 
Roman  station.  During  the  last  uivil  war,  Stockport  wai 
garrisoned  by  the  Parliamentarians,  and  bocaiiie  the  scene 
of  some  severe  struggles  between  them  and  the  royalisti 
Pop.  in  1881,  41,015 

stock'port,  a  post-village  in  Stockport  township,  Co- 
lumbia CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Kinderhook  Creek,  at  the  month  of 
Claverack  Creek,  25  miles  S.  of  Albany,  and  5i  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Hudson.  It  is  nearly  li  miles  E.  of  the  Uudsua 
River,  which  is  the  W.  boundary  of  the  township.  It  but 
3  churches,  a  cotton -factory,  and  a  manufactory  of  oorn- 
huskers.  The  township  contains  Columbiaville  and  Stotl- 
ville,  also  3  paper-mills,  3  woollen-mills,  and  a  pop.  of  1648. 

Stockport,  a  post-village  in  Windsor  township,  MorgnD 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Muskingum  River,  about  22  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Marietta.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  6  stores,  and  a 
large  warehouse.     Pop.  289. 

Stockport,  a  hamlet  in  Buckingham  township,  Wayne 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  opposite  Stockport  Station 
of  the  Erie  Railroad,  and  24  miles  N.  of  lluncsdale.  It 
has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Stockport  Station  of  the  Hudson  River  Railroad 
is  4  miles  N.  of  Hudson,  Columbia  co.,  N.Y. 

Stockport  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Delaware  River  and  the  Erie  Railroad,  15i 
miles  N.W.  of  New  York. 

Stocks'ville,  a  post-village  of  Buncombe  co.,  N.C, 
15  miles  N.  of  Asheville.     It  has  3  churches  and  3  stores. 

Stock'ton,  a  post-village  of  Baldwin  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
B.  bank  of  the  Tensas  River,  35  miles  above  Mobile.  It  has 

2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  rosin,  and  turpen- 
tine. The  Tensas  River  is  navigable,  and  is  bordered  by 
forests  of  pine. 

Stockton,  a  city  of  California,  and  the  capital  of  Sao 
Joaquin  co.,  is  situated  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  48 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Sacramento,  and  92  miles  E.  byN.  of  San 
Francisco.  It  is  about  3  miles  E.  of  the  San  Joaquin 
River,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  navigable  creek  or 
slough.  Lat.  nearly  37°  56'  N. ;  Ion.  121°  14'  20"  W.  Its 
site  is  low,  flat  land,  in  an  extensive  fertile  plain,  which  ii 
a  part  of  the  great  central  valley  of  California,  Steam- 
boats ply  daily  between  Stockton  and  San  Francisco. 
Stockton  contains  a  court-house,  13  churches,  a  Jewish 
synagogue,  a  theatre,  a  national  gold  bank,  2  other  bank*, 
a  savings-bank,  a  branch  of  the  banking-house  of  Wells, 
Fargo  &  Co.,  a  paper-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  2  flour-mills,  3 
tanneries,  2  foundries,  2  planing-mills,  extensive  monu 
factories  of  farming-implements,  carriages,  chairs,  and 
soap,  a  high  school,  7  grammar-schools,  a  state  asylum  for 
the  insane  with  about  1400  patients,  a  convent,  2  public 
libraries,,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  3  daily  and  ^ 
weekly  newspapers.  It  is  partly  supplied  with  water  ty 
artesian  wells,  one  of  which  is  1000  feet  deep.  Stockton  is 
the  N.  terminus  of  the  Stockton  &  Visalia  Railroad,  and  is 
a  terminus  of  the  Copperopolis  Railroad.  Large  quantities 
of  wheat  are  shipped  here.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,066;  in  1880, 
10,282. 

Stockton,  a  post-vill.age  of  Clinch  co.,  Ga  in  the  At- 
lantic A  Gulf  Railroad,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Vald'ita.    It  has 

3  churches.     Pine  and  cypress  timber  abounds  hero. 
Stockton ,  a  post-office  in  Stockton  township,  Jo  Daviess 

CO.,  111.,  about  22  miles  W.  of  Freep.rt.  The  township 
contains  2  churches,  and  a  village  named  Plum  River.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1214. 

Stockton,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  Ind,    Pop.  1240. 

Stockton,  Owen  co.,  Ind.    See  Coal  City. 

Stockton,  Muscatine  co.,  Iowa.    See  Fulto:*. 

Stockton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Rooks  co.,  Kansw, 
on  the  South  Fork  of  the  Solomon  River,  and  on  the  Central 
Branch  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  40  miles  N.  of  Hays  City. 
It  has  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  in  1880,  411, 

Stockton,  a  post-village  in  Stockton  township,  Waldo 
00.,  Me.,  on  Penobscot  Bay,  near  the  mouth  of  the  I'cnob- 
scot  River,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Belfast,  and  about  25  miles 
S.  of  Bangor.  It  has  2  churches,  a  savings-bank,  and  a  6ne 
hotel  for  summer  boarders  on  Cape  .lellison.  It  is  partly 
supported  by  ship-building.     Pop.  of  township,  2039. 


STO 


2541 


STO 


Stockton,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Worcester  Kailroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Snow  Hill.  It  has  3 
churches  and  3  stores.     Pop.  about  300. 

Stockton,  a  post-village  in  Hillsdale  township,  Winona 
CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  Winona  &  St.  Peter  Railroad,  11  miles 

EV.  of  Winona.     It  has  2  churches  and  2  flouring-mills. 
Stockton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cedar   co.,  Mo., 
bout  50  miles  N.W.  of  Springfield,  and  3  miles  W.  of  Sao 
liliver.     It  has  a  newspaper  office,  2  churches,  a  high  school, 
ja  steam  flouring-mill,  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  about  700. 
(Copper,  lead,  and  zinc  are  found  in  Cedar  co. 
j    Stockton,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co..  Neb. 
I    Stockton,  a  township  of  Camden  CO.,  N.J.     Pop.  3532. 
jit  contains  Cramer's  Hill,  Pavonia,  and  Wrightsville.    See 
klso  Ckntheville. 

(  Stockton,  a  post-village  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  in 
iDelaware  township,  on  the  Delaware  River,  3  miles  N.W. 
(of  Lambertville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  lumber-mill,  and 
(quarries  of  freestone.  It  is  on  the  Belvidere  Delaware 
jllailroad. 

I  Stockton,  a  post-township  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y., 
Itibout  14  miles  S.  of  Dunkirk.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Dun- 
Jiirk,  Warren  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  and  contains  a  village 
toamed  Cassadaga.  It  has  several  cheese-fiictories.  Pop. 
3835.  Stockton  Post-Office  is  at  Delanti  (which  see). 
I  Stockton,  a  mining  post-village  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa., 
in  Hazle  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Lehigh  Valley  Rail- 
road, 4  miles  E.  of  Hazleton,  and  about  22  miles  S.  of 
jW'ilkesbarre.  Coal  is  mined  here.  Stockton  has  a  church, 
p,  graded  school,  and  about  250  dwellings.  Pop.  about  1000. 
!    Stockton,  a  post-office  of  Loudon  co.,  Tenn. 

Stockton,  a  post-office  and  mining-village  of  Tooele 
\io.,  Utah,  38  miles  S.W.  of  Salt  Lake  City,  and  7  miles  S. 

ly  W.  of  Tooele  Railroad  Station.     It  has  mines  of  silver 

nd  lead,  and  2  smelting-furnaces. 
Stockton,  a  post-office  of  Henry  co.,  Va. 
Stockton,  a  post-township  of  Portage  co..  Wis.     Pop. 

207.     Stockton  Post-Office  is  on  the  Green  Bay  &  Minne- 

ota  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Plover. 

j  Stockton«on-Tees,  a  seaport  town  of  England,  co. 
pf  Durham,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Tees,  opposite  South 
Stockton,  and  11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Darlington,  at  the  junc- 

ion  of  several  railways.     It  is  one  of  the  best-built  towns 

n  the  N.  of  England,  and  has  a  town  hall,  custom-house, 
theatre,  mechanics'  institute,  and  a  subscription   library. 

[t  has  manufactures  of  sail-cloth,  rope,  linens,  and  worsted, 
hip-building  yards,  iron-  and  brass-works,  breweries,  and 
orn-Ynills.  The  harbor  has  been  improved  so  as  to  admit 
iressels  of  300  tons,  and  the  town,  having  been  made  a 
jonding-port  for  certain  goods,  has  become  the  centre  of  a 
jonsiderable  trade,  both  coastwise  and  foreign.  The  prin- 
sipal  foreign  exports  are  lead  and  coal;  the  imports,  timber 
for  ship-building  and  ordinary  purposes,  tallow,  <fcc.  Pop. 
in  1881,  41,015.    See  South  Stockton. 

Stockton  Station,  a  hamlet  of  Coles  co..  III.,  on  the 
[ndianapolis  <$;  St.  Louis  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Mattoon. 
[t  contains  a  church  and  an  academy.  Here  is  Loxa  Post- 
Jffice. 

Stock'ville,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Frontier  co.,  Neb., 
m  Little  Medicine  Creek,  about  40  miles  W.S.W.  of  Plum 
[Jreek  St.ation. 

StOck'well,a  post-village  in  Lauramie  township,  Tip- 
pecanoe CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  &  Lafa- 
yette Railroad,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lafayette.  It  contains 
I  church,  and  theStockwell  Collegiate  Institute.     Pop.  403. 

Stock  Yards,  a  cattle-market  and  post-office  (branch 
)f  the  Chicago  post-office)  in  Cook  co.,  111.  Here  are  2 
Jhurches,  a  national  bank,  and  a  weekly  newspaper  office. 

Stock  Yards,  a  station  in  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Potomac  Railroad,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Baltimore. 

Sto'co,a  post-village  in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  on  Lake 
5toco,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Belleville.     Pop.  200. 

Stocolma,  the  Italian  name  of  Stockholw. 

Stod'dard,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Missouri,  has 
va  area  of  about  850  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
[!astor  River,  and  bounded  on  the  W.  by  St.  Francis  River. 
The  surface  is  mostly  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  occu- 
pied by  swamps  or  shallow  lakes  and  forests  of  cypress  and 
ather  trees.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  cattle, 
pork,  and  tobacco  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  was 
injured  by  the  earthquake  of  1811.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Cairo  &  Fulton  Railroad.  Capital,  Bloomfield.  Valuation 
Jf  real  and  personal  estate,  $9,550,000.    Pop.  in  1870,  8535, 

rf  whom  8471  were  Americans;  in  1880,  13,431. 
Stoddard,  a  post-village  in  Stoddard  township,  Che- 
ihire  co.,  N.H.,  about  14  miles  N.E.  of  Keene,  and  33 
uiles  W.  by  S.  of  Concord.     Pop.  of  the  township,  667. 


Stoddard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vernon  co.,  Wis.,  10  mileg 
S.  of  La  Crosse.     It  has  2  churches. 

Stod'dartsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Lehigh  River,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Scranton.  It 
has  a  church. 

Stoke  Fer'ry,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Norfolk,  on 
the  Wissey,  34  miles  W.S.W.  of  Norwich. 

Stoke  Po'ges,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Bucks,  4 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Windsor.  It  has  almshouses  founded  by 
the  Penn  family,  whose  seat  is  in  this  parish.  The  poet 
Gray  is  buried  in  the  church-yard,  whicn  is  the  supposed 
scene  of  his  immortal  elegy. 

Stoke  Pri'or,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Worcester, 
on  the  Worcester  &  Birmingham  Canal  and  the  Birmingham 
&  Gloucester  Railway,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Droitwich.  Pop. 
of  parish,  1893. 

Stokes,  stoks,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  North  Caro- 
lina, bordering  on  Virginia,  has  an  area  of  about  450  square 
miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Dan  River.  The  surface  is 
hilly  or  undulating.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Forests  of 
the  oak,  ash,  hickory,  and  other  trees  cover  half  of  the 
surface  or  more.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  tobacco,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  Limestone  is  found  here.  Capital, 
Danbury.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $2,090,244. 
Pop.  in  1870,  11,208;  in  1880,  15,353. 

Stokes,  a  township  of  Union  co..  111.     Pop.  1573. 

Stokes,  a  township  of  Logan  co.,  0.     P.  (1880)  1095. 

Stokes,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  0.     Pop.  986. 

Stokes,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Lee  town- 
ship, 6  or  7  miles  N.  of  Rome. 

Stokes'  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Darlington  co., 
S.C,  on  Lynch's  Creek,  21  miles  W.  of  Darlington  Court- 
Ilouse. 

Stokcsdale,  stOks'dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Corning,  Cowancsque  <fc  Antrim  Railroad,  2i 
miles  N.  of  Wellsborough.     It  has  a  tannery.     Pop.  300. 

Stokesley,  stoks'le,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
North  Riding,  8i  miles  S.E.  of  Stockton-on-Tees.    P.  1877. 

Stokes'  (stoks'iz)  Mound,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co., 
Mo.,  about  16  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Chillicothe. 

Stokes  Station,  a  post-office  of  White  co..  111.,  on  the 
Cairo  <fe  Vincennes  Railroad,  8  miles  S.AV.  of  Carmi. 

Stoketon,  stok't^n,  a  post-village  in  Richmond  co., 
Quebec,  7i  miles  N.E.  of  Sherbrooke.     Pop.  100. 

Stoke-upon-Trent,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  14 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Stafford,  at  the  junction  of  several 
railways.  The  parliamentary  borough,  which  is  of  great 
extent,  includes  the  populous  district  of  the  Potteries,  cm- 
bracing  several  towns,  among  which  are  Burslem,  Lane 
End,  Longton,  Hanley,  and  other  seats  of  the  pottery- 
manufacture.  The  town,  situated  on  the  Trent,  has  under- 
gone great  improvements,  is  lighted  with  gas,  and  amply 
supplied  with  water ;  it  has  a  handsome  parish  church,  sk 
national  school,  an  elegant  town  hall,  extensive  manufac- 
tures of  china  and  earthenware,  and,  connected  with  these, 
numerous  wharves,  warehouses,  mills,  and  other  buildings. 
The  borough  sends  two  members  to  Parliament.  Pop.  of 
town,  in  1881,  19,261. 

Stolatz,  sto'lAts,  a  town  of  Herzegovina,  17  miles  S.E, 
of  Mostar.     Pop.  3500. 

Stoiberg,  stol'bSRG,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  7  miles 
E.  of  Aix-la-Chapelle,  on  the  Inde  and  Vicht.  Pop.  10,252. 
It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths,  needles,  and  cutlery. 
Adjoining  the  town  is  Stolbergburg  Castle. 

Stoiberg,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  of  Saxony,  49 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Merseburg,  in  the  Harz.  Pop.  2274.  It 
has  a  fine  castle,  and  paper-,  oil-,  and  gunpowder-mills. 

Stoiberg,  or  Stollberg,  stoirb6RG,a  town  of  Saxony, 
circle  of  Zwickau,  11  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chemnitz.  Pop.  6326, 
engaged  in  manufactures  of  woven  fabrics  and  in  mining. 

Stolbovoi,  stol-bo-voi',  an  island  of  Asiatic  Russia,  ia 
the  Arctic  Ocean,  between  the  mouth  of  the  Lena  and  New 
Siberia. 

Stolnatz,  a  town  of  Servia.     See  Krotzka. 

Stoipe,  stol'p^h,  or  Stolp,  stolp,  a  river  issuing  from 
a  lake  on  the  frontiers  of  West  Prussia,  falls  into  the  Bal- 
tic after  a  course  of  about  60  miles. 

Stoipe,  or  Stolp,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  on 
the  navigable  Stoipe,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  its  mouth.  Pop. 
18,328.  It  has  a  castle,  manufactures  of  woollen  and  linen 
fabrics,  a  salmon-fishery,  and  a  trade  in  amber. 

Stolpemtindc,  stol'peh-mUnMeh,  or  Stolpmunde, 
a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  on  the  Baltic,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Stoipe,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Stoipe.     Pop.  1880. 

Stolwyk,  stor*ik,  Stolwyck,  or  Stolw^k,  stol'- 
^Ik,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  South  Holland,  13 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Rotterdam.    Pop.  1794. 


8T0 


2542 


STO 


Stolz,  stolts,  a  toirn  of  Prussian  Silosia,  government 
and  S.S.W.  of  Broalau.     Pop.  1262. 

Stulzcnnu,  8tolt8'f'h-ndfT\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Ilnn- 
over,  on  the  Wcsor,  17  miles  N.N.E.  of  Minden.     P.  1424. 

Stol'zcnbach,  a  post-offico  of  Marshall  co,,  Kansas, 
about  77  miles  N.N.W.  of  Topeka. 

Stolzciihahn,  stolts'^n-hiW,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  20 
miles  from  Carlsbad.     Pop.  1175. 

Stommelen,  stom'm^h-l^n,  or  Stommeln,  stom'- 
Dtfln,  a  village  of  Khenish  Prussia,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Co- 
logne.    Pop.  1900. 

Stone,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  and  7  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Stafford,  on  the  Trent  and  the  Grand  Trunk  Canal,  at  a 
railway  junction.  The  town  is  well  built,  has  a  workhouse, 
and  manufactures  of  beer,  shoes,  and  leather.     Pop.  3732. 

Stone,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Arkansas,  is  bounded 
on  the  N.E.  by  White  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  un- 
dulating, and  partly  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile. Indian  corn,  cotton,  grass,  Jbc,  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucU.     Capital,  MounUvin  View.     Pop.  in  1880,  5089. 

Stone,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Missouri,  border- 
ing on  Arkansas,  has  an  area  of  about  450  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  White  River,  and  also  drained  by  James 
River,  which  enters  White  River  in  the  S.  part  of  this 
county.  The  surface  is  partly  covered  with  forests  of  the 
oak,  ash,  hickory,  pine,  and  other  trees.  Indian  corn, 
grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  min- 
eral resources  are  iron  and  lead.  Capital,  Galena.  Valu- 
ation of  real  and  personal  estate,  $500,000.  Pop.  in  1870, 
3253,  of  whom  3243  wore  Americans;  in  1880,  4404. 

Stone,  Pickens  oo.,  Ala.     See  Fairfield. 

Stone,  Randolph  co.,  Ind.    See  Clarke. 

Stone,  a  post-office  of  Baker  co.,  Oregon. 

Stone,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa. 

Stone  Ara'bia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  oo., 
N.Y.,  in  Palatine  township,  about  20  miles  W.  of  Amster- 
dam.    It  has  2  churches. 

Stone  Bank,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waukesha  co..  Wis.,  on 
Kauchco  Lake,  3  miles  from  Nasliotah,  and  about  28  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Milwaukee.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  mill. 

Stone  Biutls,  a  post-office  of  Fountain  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Indiana  North  &  South  Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of  Attica. 

Stoneborough,  ston'bur-ruh,  a  post-borough  of  Mer- 
cer CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  New  Castle  &  Franklin  Railroad,  at  its 
junction  with  the  Jamestown  &  Franklin  Railroad,  21 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Franklin,  and  14  miles  N.E.  of  Mercer.  It 
has  3  churches,  and  extensive  coal-mines.     P.  (1880)  1186. 

Stone  Bridge,  a  station  of  the  Warwick  Valley  Rail- 
road, 2  miles  N.E.  of  Warwick,  N.Y. 

Stone  Bridge,  a  station  on  the  Southern  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Mercersburg,  Pa. 

Stone  Bridge,  a  village  in  Tiverton  township,  New- 
port CO.,  R.I.,  near  Tiverton  Depot.  It  has  Baptist  and 
Unitarian  churches,  and  a  Friends'  meeting.     Pop.  225. 

Stonebridgc,  Ontario.     See  HuMUEnsTONE. 

Stone  Church,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  III. 

Stone  Church,  a  post-hamlet  of  Genesee  co.,  N.Y., 
about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Rochester.     It  has  a  church. 

Stone  Church,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northampton  co., 
Pa.    See  Centreville. 

Stone  City,  a  post-office  of  Jones  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Dubuque  Southwestern  Railroad,  3  or  4  miles  W.  of  Ana- 
mosa.     Here  are  large  stone-quarries. 

Stone  Cor'ral,  a  post-office  of  Rice  co.,  Kansas,  20 
miles  from  Peace. 

Stone  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  C,  on 
or  near  the  Marietta,  Pittsburg  &  Cleveland  Railroad,  about 
0  miles  S.S.W.  of  Dover. 

Stone  Dam,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y. 

Stone'field,  a  post-village  in  Argenteuil  co.,  Quebec, 
on  the  river  Ottawa,  59  miles  from  Montreal.  It  has  a 
saw-mill,  tannery,  potash -factory,  and  2  stores.     Pop.  300. 

Stone  Fort,  a  post-village  of  Saline  co..  111.,  in  Stone 
Fort  township,  on  the  Cairo  <fe  Vincennes  Railroad,  65  miles 
N.E.  of  Cairo.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  3  churches,  a 
flour-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  798. 

Stoneham,  ston'am,  township,  Oxford  co..  Me.     P.  425. 

Stoneham,  a  post- village  in  Stoneham  township,  Mid- 
dlesex CO.,  Mass.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Boston,  Lowell  & 
Nashua  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Boston.  It  is  li  miles  from 
the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad  (Stoneham  Station),  and  is 
connected  with  Boston  by  horse-railroad.  It  has  a  high 
school,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  bank,  5  churches,  and  extensive 
mn  nufactures  of  boots  and  shoes.  Pop.  of  the  township,  4984. 

Stoneham,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad,  5  miles  <^  S.£,  of  Warren. 
It  has  a,  church  and  a  tannery. 


Stoneham,  stOn'^m,  a  post-village  and  township  \n 
Quuboo  00.,  Quebec,  22  miles  N.  of  Quebec.  It  ountaiDi  i' 
saw-mills  and  a  store.     Pop.  450. 

Stonehaven,  stOn-h^'v^n  (sometimes  called  Stane« 
hive),  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland,  capital  of  the  oo.  of 
Kincardine,  on  the  E.  coast,  14  miles  by  rail  S.^V.  of  Aber- 
deen. Lat.  56°  58'  N.  It  consists  of  an  old  and  a  now  town 
connected  by  a  bridge  across  the  Carron.  The  town  Imt 
many  handsome  residences,  several  banks,  a  free  sclioul 
thriving  haddock-  and  herring-iisheries,  uianuracture*  of 
cottons  and  linens,  a  distillery,  and  a  brewery.  Pop.  3306. 
Adjacent  is  the  fishing-village  of  Cowie. 

Stonehcnge,  ston'hinj,  the  remains  of  a  great  pre- 
liistoric  structure  in  England,  co.  of  Wilts,  un  Salioburr 
Plain,  8i  miles  N.N.W.  of  Salisbury.  It  consists  of  2  cir- 
cles of  vast  stones,  partly  remaining  upright  and  partly 
lying  prostrate,  and  which  average  14  feet  in  elevution,  7 
feet  in  breadth,  and  3  feet  in  thickness,  generally  estimttoil 
to  weigh  from  10  to  12  tons,  though  some  must  exceed  30 
tons  in  weight,  and  the  two  largest  70  tons  each.  The  outer 
circle,  of  which  17  out  of  30  stones  remain  upright,  if  sur- 
rounded by  a  trench,  and  separated  by  an  interval,  8  feet 
across,  from  an  inner  circle  of  smaller  upright  stones,  within 
which  are  two  groups,  having  between  them  a  large  flat 
stone,  termed  the  altar.  Near  this  monument  is  a  raised 
terrace,  with  an  artificial  flat  surl'iico  termed  a  curiui. 

Stone  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Cleburne  co.,  Ala.,  28 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Oxford  Station.     It  has  2  churchei,  a  < 
copper-mine,  and  a  smelting-furnace. 

Stone  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Dent  co..  Mo. 

Stone'house,  or  East  Stonchouse,  a  parish  of 
England  and  suburb  of  Plymouth,  co.  of  Devon,  on  its  W. 
side,  between  it  and  Devonport.  Pop.  14,585.  It  is  well 
built,  mostly  of  stone,  and  has  several  bntteries,  extensive 
barracks,  the  victualling-office,  and  naval  hospital. 

Stonehouse,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Lanark,  7  milct 
by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Hamilton,  with  coal-mines.     Pop.  2623. 

Stone  House  Mountain,  a  hamlet  of  Culpoperco., 
Ya.,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Culpeper  Court-IIouse. 

Stoncleigh,ston'lee,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  War- 
wick, on  the  London  &,  Birmingham  Railway,  and  on  the 
Sowe,  a  little  above  its  junction  with  the  Avon,  4  miles  S. 
of  Coventry.     Pop.  1201. 

Stone  JLick,  a  post-offico  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  in  Stone 
Lick  township,  about  22  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Cincinnati. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1880.     It  contnins  Owensville. 

Stonelick  (ston'lik')  Creek,  of  Ohio,  enters  the  East 
Fork  of  Little  Miami  River  in  Clermont  co. 

Stone  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefi'erson  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
11  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Watertown.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
carriage-shop,  and  a  cheese- factory.     Pop.  about  140. 

Stone  Mound,  a  post-office  of  Smith  co.,  Kansas. 

Stone  Mountain,  a  post-village  of  De  Knib  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  Georgia  Railroad,  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Athinta.  It 
has  several  hotels  and  5  churches.  Hero  is  an  isolated 
dome-shaped  granite  rock,  which  has  an  altitude  of  about 
2200  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  and  attracts  many 
visitors.  A  tower  180  feet  high  has  been  erected  on  its 
summit.     Granite  is  quarried  here.     Pop.  in  1880,  799. 

Stone  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Va. 

Stone  Kidge,  a  post-village  in  Marbletown  township, 
Ulster  CO.,  N.Y.,  near  Rondout  Creek,  about  10  miles  S.W. 
of  Kingston.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  paper-mill. 

Stone  River,  Tennessee,  runs  northwestward  through 
Rutherford  co.,  and  enters  the  Cumberland  River  5  or  8 
miles  above  Nashville.  An  indecisive  battle  was  fought 
on  this  river  near  Murfreesborough  in  the  civil  war.  Ihu 
was  called  the  battle  of  Stone  River. 

Sto'ner's  Creek,  Kentucky,  rises  in  Clark  co.,  runs 
in  a  N.N.W.  direction,  and  enters  the  South  Fork  of  the 
Licking  River  in  Bourbon  co.,  about  7  miles  N.  of  Paris, 
which  is  on  this  creek. 

Stoner's  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-offico  of  Dane  co., 
Wis.,  7  or  8  miles  S.W.  of  Madison.  i 

Stonersville,8ton'?rz-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll oa,  i 
Md.,  2  miles  from  Westminster.  ' 

Stonersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  3  miles 
from  Birdsborough,  and  about  7  miles  E.  by  S,  of  Reading. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Stonersville  (Stoner's  Post-Office),  a  village  in  tast 
Huntington  township,  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  on  a  branch 
of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  lOi  miles  N.  of  Conncllsville. 
It  has  2  churches.  Coal  is  mined  here  and  converted  into 
coke.     Pop.  about  250. 

Stone's,  a  station  of  the  Western  Railroad  of  Alabama, 
8  miles  W.S.W.of  Montgomery,  Ala. 

Stone's  Cross'ing,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.  Ind. 


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Stone's  Prairie,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co.,  III.,  6 
ailcs  from  Scehorn  Railroad  Station,  and  about  16  miles 
;.E.  of  Quincy.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  nearly  200. 

Stone  Station,  post-oiSce,  Deer  Lodge  co.,  Montana. 
'  Stoneville,ston'vil,  a  post-office  of  Marquette  CO.,  Mich. 

Stoneville,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Miss.,  on 
peer  Creek,  9  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Greenville.     It  has  2 
jhurohes  and  about  7  stores.     Pop.  200. 
'   Stoneville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.C., 

S  miles  W.N.W.  of  Reidsville.  It  has  a  tobacco-factory. 
?op.  100. 

Stoneville,  a  post-office  of  Shawano  co.,  Wis. 

Stonewall,  stOn'wall,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  of  Texas, 
ravcrsed  by  the  Salt  Fork  of  Brazos  River.  Area,  900 
quare  miles.    Pop.  in  1880,  104. 

Stonewall,  a  station  in  Cherokee  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
jelma,  Rome  &  Dalton  Railroad,  31  miles  S.W.  of  Rome,  Ga. 

Stonewall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Las  Animas  co.,  Col.,  36 
niles  from  Trinidad.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Stonewall,  a  post-office  of  Chickasaw  Nation,  Indian 
territory, 
j   Stonewall,  a  post-office  of  Scott  eo.,  Ky. 

Stonewall,  a  post-hamlet  of  De  Soto  parish.  La.,  19 
miles  S.  of  Shreveport.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 
[   StoneAvall,  North  Carolina.    See  Bay  Rivek. 

Stonewall,  a  post-village  of  Harrison  co..  Miss.,  on 
pe  Biloxi  River,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Mississippi  City.     It  has 
8  churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 
j    Stonewall,  a  post-office  of  Pamlico  co.,  N.C. 
I   Stonewall,  a  post-office  of  Smith  co.,  Tenn. 

Stonewall,  a  post-office  of  Gillespie  co.,  Tex. 

Stonewall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  3i  miles 
"rom  Mount  Sidney.     It  has  a  mill. 

Stonington,  ston'ing-tgn,  a  post-borough  and  port  of 
mtry  of  New  London  co..  Conn.,  in  Stonington  township, 
m  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  12  miles  E.  of  New  London,  50  miles 
3.S.W.  of  Providence,  and  62  miles  E.  of  New  Haven.  It 
s  on  the  Stonington  &  Providence  Railroad,  and  communi- 
sates  with  New  York  daily  by  a  line  of  large  and  elegant 
iteamboats.  Its  harbor  is  capacious,  and  is  partly  protected 
)y  a  breakwater.  It  contains  6  churches,  a  national  bank, 
I  first-class  hotel,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  an  iron- 
foundry,  and  2  manufactories  of  tin-ware.  Stonington  town- 
ship contains  2  other  villages,  namely,  Mystic  and  Mystic 
Bridge.  In  August,  1814,  this  place  was  bombarded  by 
several  British  vessels,  but  its  defenders  made  a  successful 
resistance.    Pop.of  borough  (1880),  1755;  of  township,  7355. 

Stonington,  a  post-village  in  Stonington  township, 
[Christian  eo.,  111.,  on  the  South  Fork  of  Sangamon  River, 
eo  miles  S.W.  of  Decatur,  and  9  or  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Tay- 
lorsville.  It  is  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  and  has  3  churches, 
md  manufactures  of  carriages,  &o.     Pop.  of  township,  738. 

Stonington,  a  station  in  Fulton  co..  111.,  on  the  Toledo, 
Peoria  &  Warsaw  Railroad,  49  miles  W.S.W.  of  Peoria. 

Sto'no,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Franfois  co.,  Mo.,  about  5 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Iron  Mountain. 

Stono  Inlet,  an  inlet  of  Charleston  co.,  S.C,  among 
the  sea-islands.  Its  entrance  is  about  15  miles  S.  of  that 
of  Charleston  Harbor. 

Stony  (ston'?)  Battery,  a  township  of  Newberry  co., 
S.C.     Pop.  1901. 

Stony  Bluff,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  eo.,  Tenn. 

Stony  Brook,  of  New  Jersey,  rises  in  Hunterdon  co., 
crosses  Mercer  co.  near  Princeton,  and  enters  the  Millstone. 

Stony  Brook,  a  village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  is 
near  the  Charles  River,  on  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  12  miles 
Vf.  of  Boston.     It  has  a  machine-shop. 

Stony  Brook,  a  post-village  in  Brookhaven  township, 
Suffolk  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Long  Island  Sound  and  the  Long 
Island  Railroiul,  54  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Brooklyn.  It  has  a 
good  harbor  and  1  or  2  churches.     Pop.  about  500. 

Stony  Creek,  Michigan,  rises  in  Clinton  co.,  runs  west- 
ward, and  enters  Maple  River  about  3  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Stony  Creek,  of  Monroe  co.,  Michigan,  runs  southeast- 
ward, and  enters  Lake  Erie  about  5  miles  N.E.  of  Monroe. 

Stony  Creek,  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  falls  into  Clinton 
River. 

Stony  Creek,  of  Dauphin  co.,  Pa.,  enters  the  Susque- 
hanna River  at  the  borough  of  Dauphin. 

Stony  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Somerset  co., 
runs  northward,  and  enters  the  Conemaugh  River  at  Johns- 
town, Cambria  co.     It  is  nearly  50  miles  long. 

Stony  Creek,  Virginia,  runs  southeastward  through 
Dinwiddle  co.,  and  enters  the  Nottoway  River  in  Sussex  co. 

Stony  Creek,  a  township  of  Colusa  co.,  Cal.     P.  686. 

Stony  Creek,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  in 
Branford  township,  New  Haven  co,,  Conn.,  on  Long  Island 


Sound  and  the  Shore  Line  Railroad,  11  miles  E.  of  New 
Haven.  It  has  2  fine  hotels  and  several  boarding-houses. 
The  interesting  group  of  Thimble  Islands  is  near  this  place. 

Stony  Creek,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  Ind.     P.  934. 

Stony  Creek,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Ind.    P.  1082. 

Stony  Creek,atownshipof  Randolph  CO.,  Ind.  P.  1212, 

Stony  Creek,  a  station  in  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Canada  Southern  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Monroe. 

Stony  Creek^  a  hamlet  in  Avon  township,  Oakland  co., 
Mich.,  on  a  creek  of  its  own  name,  IJ  miles  from  Rochester 
Station,  which  is  30  miles  N.  of  Detroit.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  woollen-factorj-. 

Stony  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  in  Augusta  township, 
Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.,  about  35  miles  W.S.W.  of  Detroit. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Stony  Creek,  a  station  in  Warren  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Hudson  River  and  the  Adirondack  Railroad,  30  miles  N. 
of  Saratoga  Springs. 

Stony  Creek,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,N.Y.     P.  1127. 

Stony  Creek,  a  township  of  Caswell  co.,  N.C.  P.  1368. 

Stony  Creek,  a  station  in  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Reading  Railroad,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Pottsville. 

Stony  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Somerset  eo..  Pa., 
about  44  miles  S.S.W.  of  Altoona.  Pop.  1626.  Stony  Creek 
Post-Office  is  at  Roxbury,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Berlin  Station. 

Stony  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carter  co.,  Tenn.,  18 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Carter's  Depot.    It  has  2  churches. 

Stony  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Wentworth  co.,  On- 
tario, on  Lake  Ontario,  and  on  the  Great  AVestern  Railway, 
6  miles  E.S.E.  of  Hamilton.  This  place  was  the  scene  of 
a  battle  between  the  British  and  American  troops  in  1812, 
in  which  the  latter  were  beaten.  It  contains  several  stores 
and  hotels,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  200. 

Stony  Creek  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co..  Pa., 
in  Alsace  township,  4  miles  from  Reading.  It  has  a  woollen- 
mill. 

Stony  Creek  Warehouse,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex 
CO.,  Va.,  on  the  Petersburg  &  Wcldon  Railroad,  at  Stony 
Creek  Station,  21  miles  S.  of  Petersburg. 

Stony  Cross,  a  post-office  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  Va. 

Stony  Fork,  a  post-township  of  Watauga  co.,  N.C,  65 
miles  N.W.  of  Statesville.     Pop.  366. 

Stony  Fork,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  co..  Pa.,  in  Del- 
mar  township,  about  36  miles  N.N.W.  of  Williamsport.  It 
has  a  church. 

Stony  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gasconade  co..  Mo.,  9 
miles  S.  of  Berger  Station. 

Stony  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C. 

Stony  HoI'low,  a  station  in  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Ulster  &  Delaware  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Rondout. 

Stony  Island,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  eo.,  N.Y.,  on 
an  island  of  this  name  in  the  E.  part  of  Lake  Ontario. 

Stony  Man,  a  post-office  of  Page  co.,  Va. 

Stony  Point,  a  post-hamlet  in  Petaluma  township, 
Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  3  miles  from  the  San  Francisco  <fc  North 
Pacific  Railroad.     It  has  a  church. 

Stony  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ind.,  5 
miles  N.  of  Madison. 

Stony  Point,  a  post-office  of  Bourbon  co.,  Ky. 

Stony  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  East  Baton  Rouge 
parish.  La.,  on  the  Amite  River,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Baton 
Rouge. 

Stony  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Fort  Wayne,  Jackson  A  Saginaw  Railroad,  16  miles  S. 
of  Jackson.     Here  is  a  large  quarry  of  good  sandstone. 

Stony  Point,  a  hamlet  of  Jackson  co..  Mo.,  .about  24 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Kansas  City.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a 
steam  saw-mill. 

Stony  Point,  a  post-village  in  Stony  Point  township, 
Rockland  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River  and  the  New 
Jersey  &  New  York  Railroad,  42  miles  N.  of  New  York. 
Here  is  a  high  rocky  peninsula,  the  site  of  an  old  fort  which 
Gen.  Wayne  took  by  storm  on  the  night  of  July  16,  1779. 
This  was  one  of  the  most  brilliant  exploits  performed  in 
that  war.  Stony  Point  has  several  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  bricks,  lime,  <fcc.     Pop.  of  township,  3274. 

Stony  Point,  a  post-office  of  Alexander  co.,  N.C. 

Stony  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad,  at  Evansburg  Sta- 
tion, 2i  miles  N.  of  Evansburg,  and  14  miles  S.W.  of 
Meadville. 

Stony  Point,  a  post-office  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C. 

Stony  Point,  a  post-village  of  Hawkins  co.,  Tenn.,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Rogersville.  It  has  2  churches,  the  Maxwell 
Institute,  and  a  manufactory  of  farming-implements. 

Stony  Point,  a  post-office  of  Albemarle  co.,  Va.,  abou* 
11  miles  N.E.  of  Charlottesville. 


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Stony  Pointy  a  post-village  in  Essex  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Great  Western  llailway,  84  miles  W.  of  London.  It 
contains  4  !>tore8  and  2  hotels.     Pop.  200. 

Stony  Point  AIill8,apost-hninlet  of  Cumberland  co., 
Va.,  on  the  Appomattox  lUver,  about  60  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Richmond. 

Stony  Ridge,  a  post-offlce  of  Surry  oo.,  N.C. 

Stony  Ridge,  a  post-village  of  Wood  oo.,  0.,  in  Troy 
township,  on  the  Columbus  A  Toledo  Railroad,  11  miles  S. 
of  Toledo.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  saw-mill. 

Stony  Road,  a  station  of  the  Montclair  &  Greenwood 
Lalce  liailroiui,  25  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Newarlc,  N.J. 

Stony  Run,  a  station  in  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Baltimore  i  Potomac  Railroad,  II  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Baltimore. 

Stony  Rnn,  a  post-hamlet  in  Holly  township,  Oakland 
CO.,  Mich.,  84  miles  S.E.  of  Grand  Blanc.    It  has  a  church. 

Stony  Run,  a  post-township  of  Yellow  Medicine  co., 
Minn.,  25  miles  N.  of  Marshall.     It  has  a  church.     P.  522. 

Stony  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  in  Albany 
township,  2  miles  from  Kempton  Station,  which  is  24  miles 
N.  of  Reading.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  120. 

Stony  Stratford,  England.    See  Stratford. 

Stooka,  or  Stuka,  stoo'k&,  a  town  of  Morocco,  prov- 
ince of  Soos,  65  miles  S.W.  of  Terodant. 

Stor,  a  Danish  and  Swedish  word  signifying  "great," 
prefixed  to  a  number  of  names,  as  StorsicSn,  "  great  lake." 
See  Storsi8x. 

Stor,  stoR,  a  river  of  Denmark,  in  Jutland,  amt  of  Ring- 
kiobing,  enters  Nissum-Fiord,  after  a  W.  course  past  IIol- 
stebroe. 

Stor,  a  river  of  Prussia,  Ilolstein,  flows  S.S.W.,  and  joins 
the  Elbe  2^  miles  N.  of  Gliickstadt.     Length,  50  miles. 

Stor-Afvan,  stoR-ifvin,  a  lake  of  Sweden,  Iscn  of 
Westerbotten,  receives  from  the  N.AV.  the  waters  of  the 
IIorn-Afvan,  and  on  the  S.E.  discharges  its  own  by  the 
river  Skelleftei  into  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia. 

Stora-Kopparberg,  sto'ri-kop'par-bfiRO',  a  name  of 
the  luDn  of  Falun,  Sweden.    See  Falun. 

Stora  Littlek  Wattnen,  sto'rl  loo'li-o  witt'nSn, 
Sweden,  is  a  long  expansion  of  the  river  Lulei,  between 
lat.  67°  and  68°  N.  and  Ion.  17°  and  20°  E.  Length,  from 
N.W.  to  S.E.,  90  miles ;  greatest  breadth,  5  miles. 

Storchnest,  stoRK'nIst,  or  Osieczno,  o-se-itch'no, 
a  town  of  Prussian  Poland,  37  miles  S.S.W.  of  Posen. 

Stor'den,  a  post-office  of  Cottonwood  co.,  Minn. 

Storelieddinge,  sto'r^h-hSd'ding-^h,  a  town  of  Den- 
mark, in  Seeland,  26  miles  S.  of  Copenhagen.     Pop.  1291. 

Storeville,  stor'vil,  a  post-village  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C, 
12  miles  S.  of  Anderson  Court-IIouse. 

Storey,  stSr'e,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Nevada,  has 
an  area  of  about  460  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.  by  the  Truckee  River,  and  on  the  S.  by  Carson  River. 
The  surface  is  mountainous,  and  the  soil  is  sterile.  In  the 
S.W.  part  of  the  county  Mount  Davidson,  a  peak  of  the 
Washoe  Range,  rises  to  the  height  of  7820  feet.  Here  are 
rich  mines  of  gold  and  silver,  which  are  the  chief  articles 
of  export.  The  reported  value  of  the  gold  and  silver  mined 
in  this  county  sometimes  amounts  to  over  $7,000,000  per 
annum.  Those  metals  are  obtained  from  quartz  rock. 
Among  the  mines  of  this  county  is  the  famous  Comstock 
Lode.  The  Central  Pacific  Railroad  passes  along  the  N. 
border  of  this  county,  which  is  the  most  populous  in  the 
state.  Capital,  Virginia  City.  Valuation  of  real  and  per- 
sonal estate,  $6,343,948.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,359  j  in  1880, 
16,115. 

Storkow,  stoR'kov,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg, 
on  the  Storkow  Canal,  26  miles  W.S.W.  of  Frankfort-on- 
tbo-Odcr.     Pop.  2162. 

Storm  Bay,  on  the  S.E.  side  of  Tasmania,  S.  of  lat. 
43°  S.  and  about  Ion.  147°  40'  E. 

Storm  Lake,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Buena  Vista  co., 
Iowa,  near  a  lake  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the  Dubuque  & 
Sioux  City  Railroad,  53  miles  W.  of  Fort  Dodge.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office,  3  banks,  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  a 
flouring-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  gloves  and  mittens. 
Pop.  in  1870,  256;  in  1880,  1034, 

Stor'mout,  a  county  of  Ontario,  has  an  area  of  290 
square  miles.  It  is  watered  by  several  small  streams  flow- 
ing into  the  St.  Lawrence,  which  forms  its  S.E.  boundary, 
and  is  traversed  by  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway.  Capital, 
Cornwall.     Pop.  11,873. 

Stormont,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Isaac's  Harbor. 

Stormstown,  Centre  co..  Pa.    See  II alp  Mook. 

Storm'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bolivar  co.,  Miss.,  on 
the  Mississippi  River,  18  miles  above  Arkansas  City.  It 
ba«  a  church. 


Stormville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.T  on 
the  Boston,  Hartford  A  Erie  Rnilroad,  2i  miles  from 
Adrianco  Station,  and  about  16  miles  E.by  N.  of  Newburg, 

Stormville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co..  Pa.,  4  miles' 
S.W.  of  Stnmdsburg. 

Stormville,  a  post-offioe  of  Wood  co.,  Tex. 

Stor'uoway,  or  Stor'nawny,  a  seaport  town  of 
Scotland,  co.  of  Ross,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  island  of  Lewii 
on  a  fine  bay,  38  miles  W.N.W.  of  the  nearest  j)oint  of  th« 
mainland.  Pop.  2498.  It  is  the  largest  town  in  the  lleb- 
rides,  and  has  substantial  slated  houses  and  good  shops,  with 
a  church,  a  female  seminary  and  other  schools,  a  town  house 
news-room,  public  library,  custom-house,  and  a  branch  bank. 
The  harbor  is  formed  by  a  pier ;  the  bay,  which  is  deep  and 
safe,  is  sheltered  by  two  headlands.  Stornoway  has  some 
wool-carding-,  corn-,  and  malt-mills,  an  extensive  distillerr 
and  rope-WMlk.s,  but  its  chief  trade  is  in  fish  and  kelp. 

Stor'noway,  a  post-village  in  Compton  co.,  Queb(Bc,2(J 
miles  N.E.  of  Robinson.     Pop.  150. 

Storde,  sto'ro^h,  an  island  of  Norway,  stift  and  SO 
miles  S.  of  Bergen.  Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  15  milts : 
breadth,  7  miles. 

Storrington,  Ontario.    See  Inverary. 

Storsibn,  or  StorsJ6n,  stor'se-on  or  stors'ySn  (i.e, 
"great  lake"),  a  lake  of  Sweden,  near  lat.  63°  10'  N.,loB, 
14°  30' E.  Length,  from  20  to  30  miles.  The  town  of  Os. 
tersund  is  situated  on  its  E.  shore.  Another  lakeof  tb« 
same  name  lies  W.S.W.  of  Gefle.     Length,  15  miles. 

Stor«Uman,  stor-oo'min,  a  lake  of  Sweden,  Innn  of 
Westerbotten,  in  lat.  65°  N.,  Ion.  from  16°  311'  to  17°  E., 
25  miles  in  length  by  6  miles  in  greatest  breadth,  and  trav- 
ersed from  N.W.  to  S.E.  by  the  river  UmeA. 

Sto'ry,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Iowa,  has  an 
area  of  676  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  South 
Skunk  River,  and  also  drained  by  Indian  and  Montgomery 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversilied  with 
prairies  and  groves,  the  former  of  which  are  more  extensive 
than  the  latter.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  com, 
wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  a  part  of  the  coal-field  of  Iowa.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  and  connected 
with  Des  Moines  City  by  the  Des  Moines  &  Minneapolis 
Railroad.  Capital,  Nevada.  An  agricultural  college  hhi 
been  established  in  this  county  by  the  state.  Valuation  of 
real  and  personal  estate,  $6,277,342.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,851, 
of  whom  9642  were  Americans;  in  1880,  16,906. 

Story,  a  station  in  Story  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Des  Moinci 
&  Minneapolis  Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  Ames. 

Story  City,  a  post-village  in  Lafayette  township.  Story 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  South  Skunk  River,  48  miles  by  rail  K 
of  Des  Moines.     It  has  a  church. 

Storzing,  a  town  of  the  Tyrol.    See  Sterzino. 

Stot'ler's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co., 
W.  Va. 

Stots'ville,  a  station  in  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Penn« 
sylvania  &  Delaware  Railroad,  1  mile  S.  of  Pomeroy. 

Stotterits,  stbt't?h-rits',  a  village  of  Saxony,  2  milei 
S.E.  of  Leipsic.     Pop.  4699. 

Stott'ville,  a  post-village  in  Stockport  township,  Co- 
lumbia CO.,  N.Y.,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Hudson,  and  about  25 
miles  S.  of  Albany.  It  has  2  churches,  a  large  woollcu- 
factory,  a  cotton-mill,  Ac. 

Stott'ville,  a  post-village  in  St.  Johns  co.,  Quebec, 
on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  39J  miles  S.E.  of  Montreal. 
Pop.  260. 

Stouchsbnrg,  stSwKs'biirg,  a  post-village  of  Berks  co., 
Pa.,  in  Marion  township,  2i  miles  from  Sheridan  Station, 
and  20  miles  W.  of  Reading.  It  has  3  churches,  an  acad- 
emy, a  coach -factory,  and  3  stores.     Pop.  397. 

Stouff'ville,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
Toronto  &  Nipissing  Railway,  28  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Toronto. 
It  contains  2  churches,  3  hotels,  an  iron-foundry,  tannery, 
flouring-mill,  2  saw-mills,  and  about  12  stores.     Pop.  800. 

Stoughstown,  stSwss'tSwn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumber- 
land CO.,  Pa.,  3i  miles  S.  of  Newville,  and  14  miles  S.W 
of  Carlisle.     It  has  a  church. 

Stoughton,  sto't^n,  a  post-village  in  Stoughton  town- 
ship, Norfolk  CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  at  the 
S.  terminus  of  the  Stoughton  Branch  of  the  Boston  A 
Providence  Railroad,  18i  miles  S.  of  Boston.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  and  manufac- 
tures of  boots,  shoes,  Cardigan  jackets,  woollen  yarn,  &e. 
The  township  contains  a  village  named  East  Stoughton. 
Pop.  of  township  in  1880,  4875. 

Stoughton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarke  co.,  Washington, 
on  Lewis  River,  30  miles  N.  of  Portland,  Oregon. 

Stougliton,  a  post-village  in  Dunkirk  township,  Dane 


STO 


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CO.,  Wis.,  on  Catfish  River,  and  on  the  Ciiicago,  Milwaukee 

6  St.  Paul  Railroad,  15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Madison.  It  has  a 
high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  7  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and 
manufactures  of  carriages  and  wagons.     Pop.  1207. 

Stour,  stoor,  a  river  of  England,  between  Essex  and 
Suffolk,  passes  Haverhill,  and  joins  the  Orwell,  to  enter  the 
North  Sea  at  Harwich. 

Stour,  a  river  of  England,  in  Kent,  rises  by  two  heads 
which  unite  at  Ashford,  flows  mostly  N.E.,  and  below  Can- 
terbury divides  into  two  arms,  which  enter  the  sea  re- 
spectively at  Reculverand  Pegwell  Bay,  insulating  Thanet. 
It  is  navigable  from  the  sea  to  Canterbury. 

Stour,  a  river  of  England,  cos.  of  Stafford  and  Worces- 
ter, passes  Stourbridge  and  Kidderminster,  and  joins  the 
Severn  at  Stourport. 

Stour,  a  river  of  England,  cos.  of  Wilts,  Dorset,  and 
Uants,  flows  S.E.,  and  joins  the  Avon  at  Christchurch. 

Stourbridge,  stur'brij,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  20 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Worcester,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Stour,  at 
a  railway  junction.  It  has  a  theatre,  a  grammar-school, 
iron-works,  and  manufactures  of  glass,  earthenwares,  and 
fire-brick.     Pop.  9376. 

Stourport)  a  town  of  England.    See  Mitton. 

Stout,  stowt,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Carolina  Central  Railroad,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Charlotte. 

Stout'laud,  a  post-village  of  Camden  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Atlantic  &  Pacific  Railroad,  71  miles  N.E.  of  Springfield, 
and  15  miles  N.E.  of  Lebanon.  It  has  a  newspaper  office, 
a  church,  and  a  plough-factory. 

Stout's,  Adams  co.,  0.    See  Rome. 

Stout's,  Fairfield  oo.,  0.    See  Stoutsville. 

Stout's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northampton  co.,  Pa.,  about 

7  miles  S.  of  Easton. 

I  Stouts'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J.,  on 
Ithe  Delaware  &  Bound  Brook  Railroad  and  the  Mercer  & 
Somerset  Railroad,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Hopewell,  and  15  miles 
iN.  of  Trenton. 

i    Stout's  Landing,  Lewis  co.,  Ky.    See  Caru's!. 
I     Stout's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gilmer  co.,  W.  Va.,  40 
tniles  S.E.  of  Cairo.     It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 
>    Stouts'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Mo.,  on  Salt 
[River,  and  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  <fc  Te.\as  Railroad,  34 

riles  W.S.AV.  of  Hannibal. 
StoutsviHe,   a  hamlet  of  Somerset  and   Hunterdon 
icos.,  N.J.,  i  mile  from  Stoutsburg. 

Stoutsville,  a  post-village  in  Clear  Creek  township, 
Fairfield  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cincinnati  <fc  Muskingum  Valley 
iRailroad  (at  Stout's  Station),  6i  miles  E.  of  Circlevillo.    It 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  in  1880,  340. 
I    Sto'ver,  a  post-office  of  Dallas  co.,  Ark. 

Stover,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  Mo. 

Sto'ver's  Shops,  a  post-office  of  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  10 
miles  from  Staunton. 

Stow,  sto,  a  post-township  of  Oxford  co.,  Mo.,  about 
40  miles  W.  of  Lewiston.     Pop.  427. 

Stow,  a  post-village  in  Stow  township,  Middlesex  co., 
Mass.,  on  the  Assabet  River,  about  26  miles  W.  by  N.  of 
Boston.  It  has  2  churches.  The  township  is  intersected  by 
%  branch  of  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  and  has  a  woollen-mill 
md  a  pop.  of  1022. 

Stow,  a  township  of  Summit  co.,  0.     Pop.  925. 

Stow,  or  Stowe,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  in 
Stow  township,  Lamoille  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Waterbury  River, 
about  16  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Montpelier,  and  28  miles  E.  of 
Burlington.  It  is  beautifully  situated  in  a  valley.  It  con- 
tains 3  or  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  hotel  capable  of 
iccommodating  about  350  guests,  and  manufactures  of 
leather,  carriages,  gloves,  starch,  &e.  Stow  township  com- 
prises part  of  Mount  Mansfield.  Visitors  can  ride  in  car- 
riages to  its  summit,  on  which  is  the  Tip  Top  House.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  in  1890,  1886. 

StOAV  (or  Stoe)  Creek,  New  Jersey,  forms  a  consider- 
able part  of  the  boundary  between  Cumberland  and  Salem 
BOS.,  and  falls  into  Delaware  Bay  4  miles  N.W.  from  the 
mouth  of  Cohansey  River. 

[  Stow  (or  StoeJ  Creek,  a  township  of  Cumberland  co., 
W.J,     Pop.  1122. 

I    Stowe,  a  post-office  of  Frontier  co..  Neb. 
'    Stowe,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.    Pop.  739. 

Stowe,  a  post-village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  14  miles 
from  Mitchell.     Pop.  100. 

Stowell's  (sto'glz)  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jeffer- 
son CO.,  N.Y.,  6  or  7  miles  S.W.  of 'Watertown. 

Stowey,  Netheu,  a  town  and  parish  of  England,  eo. 
|»f  Somerset,  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bridgewater.     Pop.  856. 
I    Stowmarket,  sto'mark-et,  a  town   of   England,  co. 
jof  Suffolk,  at  the  confluence  of  three  rivulets  forming  the 


Gipping  (Orwell),  and  on  a  railway,  13  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Bury,  and  12  miles  N.W.  of  Ipswich.  It  has  manufactures 
of  iron,  leather,  and  twine,  and  an  active  trade  in  malt,  coal, 
corn,  and  timber.  Pop.  4097.  The  Gipping  or  Stow- 
market Canal  is  navigable  hence  to  Ipswich. 

Stow-on-the-\Vold,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Gloucester,  15  miles  E.  of  Cheltenham.     Pop.  1373. 

Stoyestown,  stoiz'town,  a  post-borough  of  Somerset 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Quemahoning  township,  on  Stony  Creek,  about 
18  miles  S.  of  Johnstown.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  normal 
school.     Coal  is  found  near  this  place.     Pop.  288. 

Stra,  strA,  a  village  of  North  Italy,  15  miles  W.  of 
Venice,  on  the  Brenta.     Pop.  2058. 

Strabane,  stra-ban',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Tyrone, 
on  the  Mourne,  near  its  confluence  with  the  Finn  and 
Foyle,  immediately  opposite  Lifford.  Its  trade  is  facili- 
tated by  a  canal  extending  from  it  to  where  the  Foyle  be- 
comes navigable  for  barges.  Adjoining  the  town  is  a 
salmon-fishery.     Pop.  4309. 

Strabane,  stra-ban',  a  post-office  of  Lenoir  co.,  N.C., 
on  the  Neuse  River,  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Goldsborough. 

Strabane,  a  township  of  Adams  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1547. 

Strabane,  stra-ban',  a  post-village  in  AVentworth  co., 
Ontario,  ]4i  miles  N.W.  of  Hamilton.     Pop.  150. 

Straczow,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  DiiosAU. 

Stradbal'ly,  a  town  of  Ireland,  Queen's  co.,  on  the 
Strad,  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Maryborough.     Pop.  1229. 

Strad'broke  Island,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Australia,  is 
one  of  two  principal  islands  sheltering  Moreton  Bay. 

Stradella,  stri-dfil'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  15  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Voghera,  near  the  Po.  It  has  silk-  and  cotton-manufac- 
tures.    Pop.  6955. 

Stra'der's,  a  station  of  the  Indiana  North  &  South 
Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Attica,  Ind. 

Stradone,  stra-dOn',  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  and  5 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Cavan. 

Straelen,  a  village  of  Prussi.a.    See  Strai,en. 

Stracngnaes,  a  town  of  Sweden.    See  Strengnas. 

Straet-van-Aa,  Belgium.    See  Aa. 

Strafford,  a  southeastern  county  of  New  Hampshire, 
bordering  on  Maine,  has  an  area  of  about  350  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Salmon  and  Piscataqua 
Rivers,  and  is  drained  by  the  Cocheco  .and  Lamprey  Rivers. 
The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests.  Hay,  potatoes,  butter,  and  Indian  corn  are 
the  staple  products  of  the  farms.  This  county  is  liberally 
supplied  with  water-power,  and  has  extensive  manufactures 
of  cotton  goods,  woollen  goods,  boots  and  shoes,  and  other 
articles.  It  is  intersected  by  several  branches  of  the  Bos- 
ton <fc  Maine  Railroad,  and  by  the  Portland  &  Rochester 
Railroad.  Capital,  Dover.  Pop.  in  1870,  30,243;  in  1880, 
35,558;  in  1890,  38,442. 

Strafford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  At- 
lantic <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Springfield. 

Strafford,  a  post-township  of  Strafford  co.,  N.ll.,  20 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Concord.  The  township  has  4  churches, 
a  number  of  saw-mills,  2  grist-mills,  manufactures  of  lum- 
ber and  wagons,  a  printing-establishment,  and  general 
business  houses  and  stores.     Pop.  in  1890,  1304. 

Strafford,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  in  Strnf- 
ford  township,  8  miles  N.  of  Sharon  Station,  and  about  35 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Rutland.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grain-  and 
grist-mill,  several  saw-mills,  and  manufactures  of  copperas, 
carriages,  <fec.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  932. 

Strafford  Blue  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Strafford  co., 
N.H.,  about  21  miles  E.N.E.  of  Concord.     It  has  a  church. 

Strafford  Corner,  a  post-office  of  Strafford  co.,  N.H., 
about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Dover. 

Straf 'fordville,  a  post-village  in  Elgin  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Little  Otter  River,  22  miles  E.  of  St.  Thomas.     Pop.  400. 

Straghn,  or  Straughn,  a  decayed  village  in  Wash- 
ington township.  Van  Wert  co.,  0.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort 
Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad,  1  mile  E.  of  Middleport. 

Strahmburg,  or  Stramburg,  strim'burg,  a  village 
of  Cedar  co..  Neb.,  on  the  Missouri  River,  opposite  Yank- 
ton, S.D.,  and  1  mile  from  Yankton  Station.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  carriage-shop.  Pop.  about  150.  Here  is 
Green  Island  Post-Office. 

Straight  Creek,  Kentucky,  runs  southwestward  in 
Bell  CO.,  and  enters  the  Cumberland  River  at  Pineville. 

Straight  Creek,  of  Brown  co.,  0.,  flows  into  the  Ohio 
River  near  Ripley. 

Straight  Creek,  township,  Jackson  co.,  Kan.    P.  359. 

Straight  Fork,  a  post-otfice  of  Scott  co.,  Ky. 

Straightstone,  strat'ston,  a  post-village  of  Pittsyl- 
vania  co.,  Va.,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Staunton  River  Depot.  It 
has  2  churches. 


SIR 


2546 


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Strait  Creek,  a  post-offioo  of  Highland  oo.,  Va. 

Strait  of  Belle  Isle  ia  tho  most  northern  of  the  two 
ehannols  which  oonnoot  tho  Uulf  of  St.  Lawrence  with  the 
Atlantic  Ouean.  It  separates  Labrador  from  Newfound- 
land, and  is  about  12  miles  wide.  The  navigation  of  this 
strait  is  reputed  to  be  unRafc. 

Strait  of  Uonifucio,  bo-no-f/l'cho,  between  Corsica 
and  Sardinia,  is  7  miloei  across  in  its  narrowest  part. 

Strait  of  Constantinople.    See  Uohpoki-s. 

Strait  of  Corea,  a  narrow  »oa  connecting  tho  Sea  of 
Japan  with  the  Yellow  Sea,  and  having  Coroa  on  tho  N.W. 
and  the  Japanese  island  of  Kioo-Sioo  on  the  S.E. 

Strait  of  Dover  (Fr.  Pai-de-Calait,  nd-dsh-klMi', 
♦.«.,  tho  "passage  of  Calais;"  L.  Fre'tum  Oat'licum),  tho 
strait  whion  separates  England  and  France  and  connects 
the  English  Channel  with  the  North  Sea.  It  extends  from 
Dungeness  and  Cape  Gris-Nes  N.E.  to  tho  South  Foreland 
and  Calais.  Length,  22  miles ;  breadth  (where  narrowest), 
21  miles.     See  English  Channel. 

Strait  of  Gibraltar,  je-brawrt?r,  a  channel  between 
the  S.  of  Spain  and  the  N.  of  Africa,  forming  the  entrance 
to  the  Mediterranean  from  tho  Atlantic.  Its  width  at  tho 
narrowest  part  is  about  15  miles;  greatest  depth,  9C0 
fathoms.  Through  this  strait  a  powerful  central  current, 
running  at  the  rate  of  from  3  to  6  miles  an  hour,  sets  con- 
stantly from  the  Atlantic  into  the  Mediterranean.  There 
are  also  two  later.al  currents,  one  on  the  European  and  one 
on  the  African  side,  each  of  thorn  about  2i  miles  broad, 
flowing  at  about  the  same  rate  as  the  central  current,  and 
ebbing  and  flowing  with  tho  tide,  setting  alternately  into 
the  Mediterranean  and  into  the  Atlantic.  An  excess  of 
water  ia  constantly  flowing  into  the  former  from  the  latter, 
to  supply  the  loss  sustained  by  evaporation. 

Strait  of  Macassar.    See  Macassar. 

Strait  of  Alackinac,  mak'e-naw  (or  Mack'inaw), 
connects  Lake  Michigan  with  Lake  Huron,  at  the  N.  ex- 
tremity of  the  lower  peninsula  of  Michigan.  It  is  nearly 
4  miles  wide,  and  is  a  channel  through  which  an  extensive 
commerce  is  carried  on. 

Strait  of  Madura.    See  Madura. 

Strait  of  ittalacca,  ma-lak'ka,  a  channel  between 
the  Malay  Peninsula  and  tho  island  of  Sumatra,  connecting 
the  China  Sea  with  the  Indian  Ocean.  Length,  520  miles ; 
breadth,  from  25  miles,  opposite  Naning  to  200  miles,  at  its 
N.  entrance.  Tho  navigation  of  the  strait  appears  intricate 
and  dangerous,  but  with  ordinary  prudence  it  may  be  safely 
passed.  The  current,  where  tides  do  not  prevail,  sets  often 
to  the  N. 

Strait  of  Messina,  m8s-see'ni  (It.  Faro  di  Meniina, 
fi'ro  dee  mfis-see'ni;  Fr.  Ditroit  de  Mes^ine,  diHrwi'  d^h 
mJs^seen' ;  anc.  Fre'tum  Sic'iilum),  a  strait  which  separates 
Sicily  from  Italy  and  communicates  between  the  Tyrrhene 
and  the  Ionian  Sea.  Length,  about  20  miles;  width,  11 
miles,  but  where  it  is  narrowest  does  not  exceed  2  miles. 
From  the  Faro  Tower  to  the  Rock  of  Scylla,  on  tho  oppo- 
site coast  of  Italy,  the  exact  distance  is  C047  yards.  Tho 
depth  is  so  great  that  in  the  centre  no  bottom  has  been 
found  with  a  line  of  100  fathoms,  and  a  strong  current  con- 
tinually running  with  the  tide  makes  the  navigation  some- 
what difficult,  but  by  no  means  so  formidable  as  was  fabled 
by  the  ancients,  to  whom  the  Rock  of  Scylla,  already  men- 
tioned, and  that  of  Charybdis,  on  the  opposite  side  of  tho 
strait,  but  some  distance  to  the  S.,  seemed  very  dangerous. 

Strait  of  Murlacca.    See  Morlacca. 

Strait  of  Otranto,  o-trin'to,  connects  the  Adriatic 
with  the  Mediterranean  Sea.     Length,  about  80  miles. 

Strait  of  San  Juan  de  Fuca.    See  Fitca. 

Strait  of  Sunda,  sun'da,  a  passage  between  the 
islands  of  Sumatra  and  Java,  from  the  Indian  Ocean  into 
tho  Sea  of  Java.     Breadth,  from  70  to  90  miles. 

Strait's,  a  township  of  Carteret  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  991. 

Strait's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  co.,  N.Y.,  8 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Owego. 

Straits  of  Ormus,  Persian  Gulf.    See  Ormus. 

Straits  Settlements,  a  British  colonial  establish- 
ment, comprising  the  colonies  of  Malacca,  Penang,  Prov- 
ince Wellesley,  and  Singapore,  each  separately  noticed. 
Capital,  Singapore.  Area,  1445  square  miles.  Pop.  423,384. 
To  the  above  the  native  states  of  Queda,  Rumbowe,  Sun- 
gie-Ujong,  Perak,  Johore,  and  Salangore  are  bound  by 
treaties  and  are  subject  in  some  degree  to  English  super- 
vision. 

Straitsville,  Ohio.    See  New  Straitsyille. 

Strakonitz,  str4'ko-nits\  or  Strakowitz,  strl'ko- 
♦its*,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  the  Wotawa,  here  joined  by 
the  Wolinka,  27  miles  E.S.E.  of  Klattau.  Pop.  7029.  It 
has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth. 


Stralc,  an  island  of  Prussia.    See  Danholk. 

Stritlcn,  or  Straelen,  str&'l^n,  a  village  of  PrauU 
27  miles  N.W.  of  Dussoldorf.  Pop.  6547,  with  manufiw.' 
tures  of  cotton. 

Stralsund,  strM'soont,  a  strongly  fortiQed  town  of 
Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  on  the  strait  which  separatM  the 
island  of  lliigen  from  the  mainland,  and  so  completely  lur. 
rounded  by  water  as  to  bo  ajiproachod  only  by  bridgw,  120 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Berlin.  The  principal  buildings  are  the 
Nicolai  church,  founded  in  1311,4  other  churches,  the  gov. 
ernment  bouse,  the  town  house,  the  gymnasium,  with  & 
library  and  cabinet  of  coins,  the  mint,  arsenal,  )i()or-hou»o, 
workhouse,  orphan  hospital,  and  infirmary.  The  iuanu> 
factures  consist  of  woollen  and  linen  cloth,  sugar,  syrup, 
starch,  soap,  candles,  tobacco,  leather,  mirrors,  and  playing- 
cards;  and  there  are  numerous  distilleries,  oil-works,  nnl 
building-docks.  Stralsund  is  the  seat  of  a  superior  com : 
law  and  of  several  public  offices.  It  was  founded  in  I 
by  Prince  Jaromar  I.  of  Riigen,  and  afterwards  bccau;..  .. 
free  imperial  and  Hanse  town  and  rose  to  great  conimurcinl 
importance.  It  was  unsuccessfully  besieged  by  Wallcnstein 
in  1628;  but  in  1678  Frederick  William,  Elector  of  Bran- 
denburg, took  it,  after  a  bombardment.  It  was  also  caii- 
turod  in  1713  and  1807.  Since  1815  its  defensive  worki 
have  been  greatly  enlarged,  and  it  is  now  one  of  the  strong- 
est towns  belonging  to  Prussia.     Pop.  27,765. 

Stralsund,  a  government  of  Prussia,  province  of  Pome- 
rania, bounded  on  the  N.W.,  N.,  and  N.E.  by  the  Baltic. 
Area,  1792  square  miles.  It  consists  partly  of  the  group 
of  islands  of  which  Riigen  is  the  largest.     Pop.  208,725. 

Stramberg,  str&m'bdRG,  a  town  of  Moravia,  3  mile* 
S.W.  of  Freyburg.     Pop.  2331. 

Strambino,  strim-bee'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Pied- 
mont, 6  miles  S.  of  Ivrea.     Pop.  2384. 

Stramburg,  Cedar  co..  Neb.    See  STRAHMBuno. 

Strange  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Braxton  co.,  W.  Va. 

Stranger,  striin'j§r,  a  station  in  Leavenworth  co.,  Kan- 
sas, on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  27  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Kansas  City.  Pop.  of  Stranger  township  (which  containi 
Summit),  1106. 

Strangers  Home,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co., 
Ark.,  5  miles  from  Alicia. 

Strang'ford,  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Down, 
on  the  W.  shore  of  the  entrance  to  Lough  Strangford,  6 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Downpatrick.  It  has  many  vessels  en- 
gaged in  the  fisheries.     See  also  Lough  Stransfoud. 

Str&ngn^s,  or  StraengnrDS.    Sec  Stkrnonas. 

Stranor'lar,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Donegal,  on  the 
N.  bank  of  the  Finn,  i  mile  N.E.  of  Bally bi.fey.  Pop.  468. 

Stranraer,  stran-rar',  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland,  co. 
of  Wigtown,  at  the  S.  extremity  of  Loch  Ryan,  6  miles  N.E. 
of  Port  Patrick.  Pop.  5939.  The  principal  edifices  are  an 
old  castle,  the  town  hall,  jail,  and  several  churches  and 
chapels.  It  has  a  mechanics'  institute,  subscription  libra- 
ries, a  public  reading-room,  some  hand-loom  weaving,  tan- 
neries, and  nail-factories.  The  harbor  is  sheltered  by  a 
pier,  and  has  been  much  improved.  The  town  is  an  im- 
portant railway  terminus,  and  steamers  ply  weekly  to  Glas- 
gow, Belfast,  and  Whitehaven.  The  exports  are  cheese, 
corn,  cattle,  leather,  and  shoes.  The  borough  unites  with 
Wigtown,  Whithorn,  and  New  Galloway  in  sending  one 
member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Strany,  stri'nce,  a  village  of  Moravia,  20  miles  from 
Hradisch.     Pop.  2090. 

Strasburg,  stras'burg  (Fr.  Strasbourr/,  stris'booB'; 
Ger.  Strasshurg,  8triss'b56l!G  ;  anc.  Arrjetitoin'tum),  a  city 
of  German}',  capital  of  Alsace-Lorraine  and  of  Lower  Al- 
sace, on  the  W.  bank  of  the  111,  near  the  left  bank  of  the 
Rhino,  to  which  its  glacis  extends,  and  acnK«s  which  it  com- 
municates with  Kehl  (in  Baden)  by  a  bridge  of  boats,  72 
miles  N.  of  Basel.  Lat.  48°  34'  56"  N.;  Ion.  7°  44'  61" 
E.  Population  in  1871,  85,529;  in  1885,  111,987.  The 
fortified  city  is  of  triangular  form,  enclosed  by  ramparts, 
strengthened  by  outworks,  and  entered  by  7  gates.  At  its 
E.  extremity  is  a  strong  pentagonal  citadel  by  Vauban. 
It  is  generally  well  built,  and  has  lofty  houses,  spacious 
squares,  and  streets  intersected  by  branches  of  the  III,  which 
are  crossed  by  numerous  wooden  bridges.  Outside  of  the 
walls  are  a  hippodrome  or  race-course,  numerous  gardens, 
and  places  of  public  resort.  The  vast  cathedral,  founded 
A.d.  504  and  the  choir  built  by  Charlemagne,  is  chiefly  » 
modern  edifice,  begun  ii^  the  tenth  but  not  finished  till  the 
fifteenth  century,  with  a  spire  466  feet  in  height,  being 
higher  even  than  that  of  St.  Peter's  at  Rome.  The  build- 
ing is  in  every  part  richly  decorated  with  sculpture ;  it  bai 
a  remarkable  astronomical  clock,  and  fine  stained-glMS 
windows.    It  was  much  damaged  by  the  bombardment  of 


STR 


2547 


STR 


1870,  but  has  been  repaired.  The  other  important  edifices 
are  the  Temple  A'ei// (a  Protestant  church),  the  church  of 
St.  Thomas,  the  synagogue,  theatre,  former  episcopal  palace, 
court-house,  public  library,  with  nearly  400,000  volumes, 
the  university,  reorganized  in  1872,  academy,  college,  corn- 
hall,  public  granaries,  custom-house,  arsenal,  barracks,  and 
other  military  establishments.  -Here  are  several  hospitals 
and  a-sylums,  an  exchange,  corn-,  fish-,  and  other  markets, 
and  a  botanic  garden.  Strasburg  is  a  bishop's  see,  the  seat 
of  societies  of  agriculture  and  arts,  faculties  of  law,  medi- 
cine, pharmacy',  arts,  letters,  &a.,  a  mint,  and  a  foundry.  It 
has  a  very  extensive  transit  trade,  by  its  connections  with 
Germany,  Switzerland,  Italy,  and  all  the  AV.  of  Continental 
Europe.  Its  manufactures  are  in  great  variety  ;  among  the 
principal  are  beer  iind  leather,  for  which  it  is  especially 
famed,  cotton,  woollen,  and  silk  fabrics,  canvas,  jewelry, 
buttons,  cutlery,  clocks,  musical,  mathematical,  and  other 
instruments,  and  chemical  products  ;  it  has  also  copper-  and 
iron-forges,  distilleries,  soap-factories,  and  a  largo  book- 
Belling  trade.  Its  pdtis  de  foies  gra»  have  high  celebrity. 
The  railways  and  the  canals  connecting  it  with  all  the  great 
rivers  of  France  and  with  the  Danube  are  important  aids 
to  its  commerce.  Steamers  ply  between  Strasburg,  Basel, 
and  Rotterdam. 

Strasburg  is  supposed  to  have  been  founded  by  the  Ro- 
mans, who  erected  it  as  a  barrier  against  the  incursions  of 
the  Germans,  who,  however,  ultimately  made  themselves 
masters  of  it  and  retained  possession  till  the  reign  of  Clovis, 
who  again  drove  them  back.beyond  the  R,liinc.  In  the  sixth 
century  it  changed  its  ancient  name  of  Argentoratum  for 
that  of  Strasburg,  and  in  the  beginning  of  the  tenth  cen- 
tury became  subject  to  tfee  Emperors  of  Germany.  It  after- 
wards acquired  great  privileges,  became  a  free  town,  and 
(fas  governed  as  a  republic.  In  1C81  it  became  united  to 
France,  and  was  capital  of  the  department  of  Bas-Rhin. 
[n  1870  it  surrendered  to  the  Germans  after  a  month's  bom- 
bardment. 

,  Strasburg,  or  Strassburg,  strlss'boSno,  a  town  of 
Prussia,  in  Brandenburg,  28  miles  N.N.E.  of  Templin. 
Pop.  5089.  It  has  manufactures  of  linen  and  woollen  fabrics. 

Strasburg,  or  Brodincz,  bro'dintch,  a  town  of  West 
Prussia,  40  miles  S.E.  of  Marienwerder,  on  the  Drewenz, 
md  on  the  Polish  frontier.  Pop.  5454.  It  has  manufac- 
;ure3  of  woollen  cloth,  leather,  and  beer. 

Strasburg,  strawz'burg  or  stras'burg,  a  post-village  of 
Dhilton  CO..  Ala.  on  the  South  &  North  Alabama  Railroad, 
5  miles  N.W.  of  Clanton.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  150. 

Strasburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co..  111.,  on  the 
Jhicago  <k  Paducah  Railroad,  IS  miles  S.  of  Sullivan.  It 
pas  a  church. 

f  Strasburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of 
Monroe. 

Strasburg,  a  post-village  of  Cass  CO.,  Mo.,  in  Polk  town- 
ship, on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  40  miles  S.E.  of 
Kansas  City.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  about  150. 
;  Strasburg,  a  station  in  Stark  co.,  0.,  on  the  Pittsburg, 
<'ort  AVayne  <fc  Chicago  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Alliance, 
lore  is  Maximo  Post-Office. 

Strasburg,  a  post-village  in  Franklin  township,  Tus- 
arawas  co.,  0.,  on  Sugar  Creek,  and  on  the  Cleveland,  Tus- 
arawas  Valley  <fe  Wheeling  Railroad,  17  miles  S.  of  Mas- 
iiillon.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  brewery.  Pop.  142. 
[  Strasburg,  a  post-borough  in  Strasburg  township,  Lan- 
<aster  co..  Pa.,  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lancaster,  and  56  miles 
V.  of  Philadelphia.  It  contains  5  churches,  a  national 
lank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  and  a  manufac- 
ory  of  farming-implements.  A  branch  railroad  5  miles 
ong  connects  this  Dorough  with  Leaman  Place,  on  the 
I'ennsylvania  Railroad.     Pop.  1008;  of  township,  1864. 

Strasburg,  a  post-village  of  Shenandoah  co.,  Va.,  at  the 
lase  of  Massanutten  Mountain,  on  the  North  Fork  of  the 
-henandoah  River,  and  on  the  Valley  Branch  of  the  Balti- 
riore  k  Ohio  Railroad,  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Winchester,  and 
2  miles  N.E.  of  Woodstock.  It  has  5  churches,  and  man- 
ifactories  of  stono-ware  and  earthenware.  It  is  the  W. 
erminus  of  a  branch  of  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad. 
v*op.  680.  The  battle  of  Fisher's  Hill  was  fought  2  miles 
rom  Strasburg,  September,  1864. 

Straschitz,  Neu,  noi  strH'shits,  a  town  of  Bohemia, 
U  miles  W.N.W.  of  Prague.     Pop.  3169. 

Strasnitz,  or  Strasniz,  stris'nits,  written  also  Straz- 
litz  and  Strassnitz,  a  town  of  Moravia,  13  miles  S.S.W. 
'if  Hradisch,  on  the  March.     Pop.  4957.     It  has  a  castle. 

Strass,  striss,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria,  at  the  S.  foot 
if  the  Mannhartsberg.     Pop.  1203. 

Strassburs,  Germany.    See  Stbasburo. 


Strasswalchen,  striss'^irK^n,  a  town  of  Upper  Aiu> 

tria,  on  the  Miihlbach,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Salzburg. 

Strasz,  a  market-town  of  Bohemia.     See  Platz, 

Strata,  stra'ta,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  and  Cren- 
shaw COS.,  Ala.,  about  28  miles  S.  of  Montgomery.  Here  ii 
a  church,  also  a  steam-mill. 

Stra'ta-Flor'ida,  a  chapelry  of  South  Wales,  co.  of 
Cardigan,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Tregaron.  Pop.  779.  Here  are 
the  ruins  of  the  celebrated  abbey  of  Strata-Florida,  in  a 
beautiful  valley  surrounded  by  mountains.  It  was  founded 
in  1164  by  a  prince  of  South  Wales. 

Strafford,  or  Sto'ny  Stratford,  a  town  of  England, 
CO.  of  Bucks,  6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Newport-Pagnell,  on  the 
Ousc,  and  on  the  Roman  Watling  Street.  Pop.  1976,  mostly 
agricultural.  It  is  built  of  freestone,  and  has  a  neat  town 
hall  and  a  manufactory  of  lace. 

Strafford,  a  post-village  in  Stratford  township,  Fair- 
field CO.,  Conn.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  llousatonic  River, 
about  2  miles  from  its  mouth,  and  on  the  New  York,  New 
Haven  Jfc  Hartford  and  Naugatuck  Railroads,  3  miles  N.E. 
of  Bridgeport,  and  14  miles  S.W.  of  New  Haven.  It  has  3 
churches,  an  academy,  a  female  seminary,  and  a  classical 
boarding-school  for  boys.  The  township  is  bounded  on  tlio 
S.  by  Long  Island  Sound.     Pop.  of  township  (1880),  4251. 

Stratford,  a  station  in  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Cin- 
cinnati, Hamilton  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  2  miles  E.  of 
Indianapolis, 

Stratford,  or  Stratford  Hollow,  a  post-village  in 
Stratford  township,  Coos  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Connecticut 
River  and  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  at  Stratford  Hollow 
Station,  126  miles  N.W.  of  Portland,  Me.  It  has  a  church 
and  several  lumber-mills.  The  name  of  its  post-office  ia 
Stratford.     Pop.  of  the  township,  in  1880,  1016. 

Stratford,orNicholsville,nik'ulz-vil,  a  post-hamlet 
in  Stratford  township,  Fulton  co.,  N.Y.,  on  East  Canada 
Creek,  about  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Utica.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  lumber-mill.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Stratford. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1031. 

Stratford,  a  village  of  Delaware  co.,  0.,  on  the  Olen- 
tangy  River,  3  miles  S.  of  Delaware.  It  has  a  church  and 
2  paper-mills. 

Strafford,  a  town  and  port  of  entry  of  Ontario,  capital 
of  the  CO.  of  Perth,  on  the  Avon  River,  at  the  junction  of 
the  main  line  of  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  with  the  Buffalo 
Branch,  88  miles  W.  of  Toronto.  It  has  good  water-power,  and 
contains  the  county  buildings,  3  branch  banks,  3  newspaper 
offices,  7  churches,  a  number  of  stores  and  hotels,  a  dis- 
tillery and  brewery,  flouring-mills,  manufactories  of  iron 
castings,  machinery,  agricultural  implements,  woollens, 
steam-engines,  leather,  boots  and  shoes,  Ac.  The  railway 
station  here  is  one  of  the  finest  in  the  province,  and  the 
workshops  in  connection  with  the  road  give  employment  to 
a  large  number  of  men.     Pop.  4313. 

Stratford,  Quebec.     See  Lake  Aylmer. 

Straf  ford-upon-A'von,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Warwick,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Avon,  8  miles  S.W.  of 
Warwick.  Pop.  7183.  It  is  neatly  built,  and  contains  the 
house  in  which  Shakspeare  was  born,  a  church  (a  spacious 
and  handsome  edifice  on  the  margin  of  the  river,  contain- 
ing a  bust  of  Shakspeare  and  the  tombs  of  himself,  hia 
wile,  and  daughters),  a  town  hall,  an  ancient  chapel  of  the 
holy  cross,  market-house,  almshouses,  theatre,  grammar- 
school,  national  and  Lancasterian  schools,  and  various  other 
charities.     The  trade  is  chiefly  in  corn  and  malt. 

Strafford,  Fen'ny,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Bucks, 
on  the  Bedford  Branch  of  the  Ijondon  &  Northwestern  Rail 
way,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Bedford.  Pop.  1590.  It  has  two 
principal  streets,  and  a  manufactory  of  lace. 

Stratford,  Lang'thorne,  a  town  of  England,  co  of 
Essex,  is  a  suburb  of  London,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Lea, 
4  miles  E.N.E.  of  London.  It  has  a  handsome  church, 
many  dissenting  chapels  and  schools,  flour-mills,  chemical 
works,  print-works,  and  distilleries.     Pop.  23,286. 

Stratford-le-Bow,  also  called  Bow,  a  town  of  Eng- 
land, separated  from  the  foregoing  by  the  Lea.  It  has  a 
church  of  the  time  of  Henry  II.,  a  free  school,  and  another 
school  with  an  annual  income  of  £500.     Pop.  26,055. 

Strath,  a  Celtic  word,  signifying  "valley,"  forming  the 
prefix  to  a  number  of  Scottish  names,  as  Strathavex, 
"the  valley  of  the  Avon,"  <fcc. 

StrathalMen,  or  Ali'naville,  a  post-village  in  Ox- 
ford CO.,  Ontario,  on  a  branch  of  the  river  Thames,  8  milea 
N.  by  W.  of  Woodstock.     Pop.  150. 

Stratham,  strat'am,  a  post-hamlet  in  Stratham  town- 
ship, Rockingham  co.,  N.H.,  2i  miles  S.  of  Stratham  Sta- 
tion of  the  Concord  &  Portsmouth  Railroad,  and  about  9 
miles  W  S.W,  of  Portsmouth.    The  Boston  &  Maine  Rail- 


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road  is  on  the  W.  border  of  the  township.  Pop.  of  the 
townsliip,  769. 

Stratha'ven  (looal  pron.  stmth-Sirn'))  a  narrow  high- 
land valley  of  Scotland,  in  the  S.W.  of  the  co.  of  Banff. 

Stratlia'veii,  oommonly  called  str&'v^n,  a  burgh  of 
Scotland,  co.  of  Lanark,  14  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Glasgow. 
Pop.  3S-15. 

Stralhbogie^  stmth-bo'ghee,  a  district  of  Scotland,  oo. 
of  Aberdeen.  Area,  120  square  miles.  It  is  commensurate 
with  the  original  estate  conferred  by  Robert  Bruce  on  the 
uublo  family  of  Gordon. 

Stratli'biirn,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  river  Tliitiiics,  4^  miles  S.  of  Glencoo.  It  contains  a 
church  and  several  stores.     Pop.  150. 

Strath^eam',  the  vale  of  the  Earn,  in  Scotland,  co.  of 
Perth,  extending  from  W.  to  E.  35  miles,  from  Loch  Earn 
to  the  mouth  of  the  Earn  in  the  Tay. 

Strathniig'lo,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife,  10 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Cupar,  on  the  Miglo.     Pop.  1509. 

Strath^more'  (the  "great  valley"),  an  extensive  low- 
land tract  in  Scotland,  extending  from  the  co.  of  Dumbarton 
to  the  sea,  in  the  co.  of  Kincardine,  and  embracing  part  of 
Stirlingshire  and  of  the  cos.  of  Perth  and  Forfar,  bounded 
N.  by  the  Grampians,  and  S.  by  the  Lennox,  Ochil,  and 
Sidlaw  Hills.     It  gives  the  title  of  earl  to  the  Lyon  family. 

Strathperfer,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Koss,  3 
miles  by  rail  W.  of  Dingwall.     It  has  noted  mineral  springs. 

Strath'roy',  a  town  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Middlesex,  on 
the  river  Sydenham,  and  on  the  Great  Western  Railwiiy,  20 
miles  W.  of  London.  It  has  5  churches,  3  newspaper  of- 
fices, a  grammar-school,  2  branch  banks,  a  brewery,  several 
mills,  and  manufactories  of  iron  castings,  steam-engines, 
machinery,  agricultural  implements,  woollens,  leather,  Ac. 
Pop.  3232. 

Strath  Spey,  spa,  an  extensive  valley  of  Scotland, 
drained  by  the  river  Spey,  cos.  of  Inverness,  Elgin,  and 
Banff.     Length,  nearly  70  miles.     It  is  well  wooded. 

Strati,  stri'tee,  an  island  of  Turkey  in  Europe,  22 
miles  S.W.  of  Stalimni.  Lat.  39°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  25°  E.  It 
is  about  25  miles  long. 

Stratia,  Grecian  Archipelago.     See  IIagiostrati. 

Stratonicsca,  Asia  Minor.    See  Eskee  IIissar. 

Stratton,  strat'tvn,  a  town  of  England,  in  Cornwall,  on 
the  Bude,  15  miles  N.N.W.  of  Launceston.     Pop.  1839. 

Strat'ton,  a  township  of  Edgar  co..  111.     Pop.  1621. 

Stratton,  a  post-office  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y. 

Stratton,  a  post-township  of  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  about 
20  miles  N.E.  of  Bennington.  It  is  drained  by  the  Deer- 
field  River.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  294. 

Stratton  Brook,  a  station  on  the  Connecticut  Western 
Railroad,  17i  miles  N.AV.  of  Hartford,  Conn. 

Stratton-on-the-Foss,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of 
Somerset,  5  miles  N.N.E.  of  Shepton-Mallet,  on  the  ancient 
Roman  Fossway. 

Strat'ton's  Falls,  a  hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  East  Branch  of  the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Ulster 
&,  Delaware  Railroad,  53  miles  W.N.W.  of  Kingston. 

Strat'tonville,  a  post-borough  in  Clarion  township. 
Clarion  co.,  Pa.,  about  27  miles  S.E.  of  Oil  City,  and  5  miles 
E.  of  Clarion.  It  has  3  churches,  a  foundry,  and  manu- 
factures of  lumber  and  farming-utensils.     Pop.  356. 

Stra'tus,  a  ruined  city  of  Greece,  government  of  Acar- 
nania.  Its  remains  are  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Aspropotamo, 
9  miles  N.  of  Vrachori,  in  .lEtolia. 

Straubing,  strSw'bing  (anc.  Castra  Auguatanaf),  a 
town  of  Bavaria,  beside  the  Danube,  which  here  forms  a 
large  island  and  is  crossed  by  a  bridge,  25  miles  S.E.  of 
Ratisbon.  Pop.  11,590.  It  has  a  castle,  numerous  churches, 
a  gymnasium,  the  remains  of  several  convents,  and  a  brisk 
trade  in  corn  and  cattle. 

Straughn,  Van  Wert  co.,  Ohio.    See  Stuaghn. 

Straiighu's  (pronounced  and  sometimes  written 
Strawn's)  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  railroad  between  Richmond  and  Indianapolis,  22  miles 
AV.  of  Richmond.  It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  tile-factory. 
Pop.  about  150. 

Strausberg,  strSws'bSno,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Bran- 
denburg, on  Lake  Strauss,  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Berlin.  Pop. 
6579.     It  has  manufactures  of  cotton  and  woollen  fabrics. 

Strausstown,str6wss't6wn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  CO., 
Pa.,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Reading.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  tannery. 

StraAV,  a  hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  4  miles  S.E.  of 
Phillipsburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Straw'berry,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co..  Ark. 

Strawberry,  a  post-township  of  Washington  co.,  Kan- 
■as.     Pop.  in  1880,  1258. 


Strawberry,  a  station  in  Charleston  co.,  S.C.,  on  th 
Northeastern  Railroad,  23  miles  N.  of  Charleston. 

Strawberry  Creek,  Arkansas,  rises  in  Fulton  co. 
runs  southeastward  through  Sharp  and  Lawrence  cos.,  m* 
enters  Black  River  about  20  miles  N.  of  JacUsonportl  I 
is  nearly  80  miles  long. 

Strawberry  Hill,  a  village  of  Jones  co.,  Iowa,  nd. 
joining  Anamosa  on  the  E.  It  has  a  church,  a  foundrj 
and  machine-shop,  and  a  round-house  and  depot  of  th< 
Midland  Railroad.     Pop.  about  300. 

Strawberry  Plains,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co, 
Tenn.,  on  the  llolston  River,  and  on  the  East  Tennessee 
Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Knoxville. 
It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  railroad  bridge  ovei 
the  river.     Pop.  about  160. 

Strawberry  Point,  a  post-village  in  Cass  township, 
Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  at  Enfield  Station  on  the  Davenport  k 
St.  Paul  Railroad,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Fayette,  and  about  50 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Dubuque.  It  has  a  banking-bouso,  a 
graded  school,  a  money-order  post-office,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  3  churches.     Pop.  in  1880,  715. 

Strawberry  Valley,  California.    See  BEnnrvALE. 

Strawberry  Valley,  a  post-villnge  of  Yuba  co.,  Cal, 
45  miles  N.N.E.  of  Marysville.     Gold  is  mined  here. 

Straw  Hollow,  a  hamlet  in  Boylston  township,  Wor- 
cester CO.,  Mass.,  3  miles  AV.  of  Northborough. 

Strawn,  a  post-village  in  Fayette  township,  Livingston 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  A  Paducah  Railroad,  20i  inilei 
S.S.E.  of  Pontiac.     It  has  a  church. 

Strawn,  a  post-village  in  Pleasant  township,  Coffey  co., 
Kansas,  on  the  Neosho  division  of  the  Missouri,  Kansas  k 
Texas  Railroad,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Burlington,  and  about  i 
mile  S.AV.  of  the  Neosho  River,  here  crossed  by  a  fine  iron 
bridge.     It  has  2  churches. 

Strawn's,  Indiana.    See  Straughn's  Station. 

Straw'town,  a  post-hamlet  in  AVhite  River  township, 
Hamilton  co.,  Ind.,  on  White  River,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Cicero, 
and  about  28  miles  N.N.E.  of  Indianapolis.   It  has  a  church. 

Stray'horn,  a  post-office  of  Tate  co..  Miss. 

Straz,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Platz. 

Straznitz,  a  town  of  Moravia.    See  Strasnitz. 

Streaky  (strce'ke)  Bay,  South  Australia,  has  at  <ti 
entrance  Cape  Bauer  on  the  S.E.  side  and  Point  Brown 
on  the  N.W.  It  penetrates  inland  12  miles,  and  is  inter- 
sected by  the  134th  meridian  E.  Ion. 

Strcator,  stree'tor,  a  post-village  in  Bruce  township. 
La  Salle  co.,  III.,  on  the  vermilion  River,  on  the  Chicago, 
Pekin  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  and  on  the  Chicago  k 
Paducah  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Western  division 
of  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  96  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago, 
16i  miles  S.  of  Ottawa,  and  32  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Lacon. 
It  contains  2  national  banks,  8  churches,  3  newspaper  offices, 
and  a  high  school.     Coal  is  mined  here.     P.  (1S80)  5157. 

Streator  Junction,  a  station  in  Woodford  co.,  111., 
on  the  Chicago,  Pekin  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw  Railroad,  37 
miles  S.S.AV.  of  Streator. 

Stre^,  stri,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  on  tba 
Monsol,  19  miles  S.E.  of  Mons.     Pop.  1255. 

Streefkerk,  straif'kiak,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  South  Holland,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Gorkum,  on  the  Leek. 

Street  Road,  a  post-office  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  on  tba 
AVest  Chester  &  Philadelphia  Railroad,  3  miles  E.S.E.  of 
AA^est  Chester. 

Streetsborough,  strects'biir-rah,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Portage  co.,  0.,  in  Streetsborough  township,  about  16 
miles  N.E.  of  Akron,  and  6  miles  E.  of  Hudson.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  creamery,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  cheese, 
Ac.  The  township  is  drained  by  the  Cuyahoga  River,  and 
has  a  pop.  of  706. 

Streets'ville,  a  village  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Peel,  on  the 
river  Credit,  9  miles  N.AV.  of  Port  Credit.  It  contains  3 
churches,  a  town  hall,  several  schools,  2  woollen-mills, 
flouring-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  617. 

Strehia,  stri'li,  a  town  of  Saxony,  on  the  Elbe,  17 
miles  N.W.  of  Meissen.     Pop.  2083. 

Strehlen,  str4'l§n,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  28  mile* 
S.  of  Breslau,  on  the  Ohlau.  Pop.  6289.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  cotton,  woollen  cloth,  and  leather. 

Strelitz,  Alt,  a  town  of  Germany.     See  Altstheutz. 

Strelitz,  Gross,  groce  strd'lits,  a  town  of  Prussimi 
Silesia,  government  and  2  miles  S.E.  of  Oppcln.  Pop.  3912. 
It  has  manufactures  of  linen  fabrics  and  hosiery. 

Strelitz,  Neu,  a  town  of  Germany.   See  Neu-Strelitz. 

Strengn&s,  written  also  Straengnaes,  a  town  of 
Sweden,  laen  and  40  miles  N.  of  Nykoping,  on  the  S  sbora 
of  Lake  Mselar.     Pop.  1607.     It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop. 


STR 


2549 


STR 


Strepy,  strA'pee,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  on 
the  llaine,  9  miles  E.  of  Mons.     Pop.  1826. 

Stret'ton  Church,  a  town  and  parish  of  England,  co. 
of  Salop,  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Shrewsbury.  Pop.  of  parish, 
1756.     It  has  a  woollen-manufactory,  and  a  trade  in  malt. 

Strib'ling  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Augusta  co.,  Va. 

Strick'ersville,  a  post-hamlet  in  London  Britain  town- 
ship, Chester  co..  Pa.,  1  mile  from  Thompson  Station,  and 
about  13  miles  W.  of  Wilmington,  Del.     It  has  a  church. 

Strick'land,  a  post-office  of  Isabella  co.,  Mich. 

Strick'land's  Ferry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Androscoggin 
to.,  Me.,  on  the  Androscoggin  River,  and  on  the  Maine 
Central  Railroad  (Androscoggin  division),  20  miles  N.  of 
Lewiston. 

Strick'ler,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Ark. 

StrickMing,  a  post-office  of  Burnet  co.,  Tex. 

Striegau,  streo'gow,  a  walled  town  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
33  miles  W.S.W.  of  Breslau.  Pop.  10,502.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  woollen  and  linen. 

Strielna,  stre-fil'ni,  a  river  of  Russia,  government  of 
!  Vologda,  rises  in  the  circle  of  Nikolsk,  flows  N.,  and  joins 

I  the  Sookhona.     Length,  60  miles. 
Strigno,streen'yo,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Tyrol,  on  the 
:Brenta,  6  miles  from  Borgo.     Pop.  1418. 

Strigonia,  a  city  of  Hungary.    See  Gran. 
I     Strijen,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Stryen. 

Strikersville,  New  York.    See  Strykersville. 
I    Strimilow,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Tuemles. 
t    Strinestown,  strinz'town,  a  post-office  of  York  co., 
jPa.,  at  Mount  Pleasant,  about  10  miles  N.  of  York, 
i    String'town,  a  post-office  of  Richland  co.,  111.,  about 
jlO  miles  N.E.  of  Olney. 

StringtOAvn,  a  post-village  of  Choctaw  Nation,  Indian 
[Territory,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad,  58 
imiles  N.  of  Denison,  Tex.  It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber- 
jmill.     Coal  is  found  near  this  place. 

}    Stringtown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cole  co..  Mo.,  13  miles 
|B.W.  of  Jefferson  City.     It  has  3  stores,  a  flour-mill,  Ac. 
I    Stringtown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pickaway  co.,  0.,  about 
[35  miles  S.S.E.  of  Columbus.     Pop.  71. 

Stringtown,  a  post-office  of  Hays  co.,  Tex.,  about  40 

riles  N.E.  of  San  Antonio. 
Strivali,    stre-vi'lee    (or   Strofadia,    stro-fl-dee'l, 
written  also  Stam'phane),  Islands  (anc.  Stroph'ades), 
a  group  of  four  small  Ionian  islets,  28  miles  S.  of  Zante. 
Harpy  and  Convent  Islands  are  the  largest. 

Stro'derville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Capo  Girardeau  co., 
pWo.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  <fc  Southern  Railroad, 
ht  Whitewater  Station,  145  miles  S.  by  E.  of  St.  Louis. 
I  Strode's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mifflin  co..  Pa.,  2 
piles  from  Anderson's  Station,  and  about  6  miles  S.W.  of 
(Lewistown.     It  has  1  or  2  grist-mills. 

Strogonov  (stro*go-nov')  Bay,  an  inlet  of  Japan,  on 
the  W.  coast  of  Yesso,  lat.  43°  30'  N.,  Ion.  141°  E. 

Strokestown,  stroks'town,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Roscommon,  OJ  miles  S.S.E.  of  Elphin.     Pop.  974. 

Stro'ma,  or  Stro'may,  an  island  off  the  N.  extremity 
jf  Scotland,  co.  of  Caithness,  in  Pentland  Firth,  between 
;he  mainland  and  the  Orkneys,  parish  and  2  miles  N.  of 
I!anisbay.  Length,  2i  miles;  breadth,  1^  miles.  Shores 
rocky  and  precipitous.  It  has  the  remains  of  an  old  castle 
ind  an  ancient  chapel.     Pop.  330. 

Stromay,  a  small  island  of  the  Outer  Hebrides,  off  the 
N.  extremity  of  North  Uist. 

Strom boli,  strom'bo-le  (anc.  Stron'gyle),  the  north- 
jasternmost  of  the  Lipari  Islands,  in  the  Mediterranean, 
()ff  the  N.  coast  of  Sicily.  Shape  nearly  round ;  circuit 
ibout  12  miles.  Pop.  1200,  who  raise  good  wine,  wheat, 
)arley,  cotton,  raisins,  currants,  and  figs.  It  is  wholly  of 
rolcanic  formation,  consisting  of  a  conical  bifurcated  rock, 
rising  to  2500  feet  above  the  sea,  and  at  its  W.  extremity 
s  a  volcano  in  constant  eruption,  the  crater  being  on  the 
!J.W.  side  of  the  mountain,  about  one-third  from  its  sum- 
mit and  170  yards  across.  On  the  E.  side  of  the  island  are 
n  small  town  and  a  battery,  and  vestiges  of  ancient  build- 
.ng»  are  scattered  over  the  surface. 

Strombolino,  strom-bo-lee'no,  or  Stromboluzzo, 
itrom-bo-loot'so,  an  islet  just  N.E.  of  Stromboli. 

Strom'ness'  (formerly  Cair'ston),  a  seaport  town 
jf  Scotland,  co.  and  on  the  mainland  of  Orkney,  beside  a 
Jeautiful  bay,  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Kirkwall.  Pop.  of 
jarish,  2403.  The  bay  or  harbor  is  excellent,  and  admits 
ressels  of  all  burdens. 

Strom'ness',  a  post-village  in  Haldimand  co.,  Ontario, 
)n  the  Welland  Canal  Feeder,  3  miles  from  Dunnville. 
j    Strdmoe,  Faroe  Islands.    See  Faroe. 
i   Stroms'burg,  a  post-village  of  Polk  co.,  Neb.,  on  the 


North  Fork  of  Big  Blue  River,  about  22  miles  E.  of  Cen- 
tral City,  and  7  miles  S.  of  Osceola.  It  has  2  or  3  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  carriages,  brooms,  <tc. 

Stromsoe,strom's6\h,oneof  the  small  townsof  Norway 
comprised  under  the  name  of  Drammen. 

Strorastad,  striim'stid,  a  town  of  Sweden,  on  the  Ska- 
ger-Rack,  near  the  frontier  of  Norway.     Pop.  2104. 

Stronach,  strO'nah,  a  post-village  of  Manistee  co., 
Mich.,  in  Stronach  township,  on  Little  Manistee  River, ."» 
miles  S.E.  of  Manistee.  It  has  a  saw-mill  and  3  shingle- 
mills.     Pop.  in  1880,  354. 

Strong,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co..  Me.,  in  Strong 
township,  on  Sandy  River,  about  45  miles  N.N.W.  of  Au- 
gusta, and  10  miles  N.  of  Farmington.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  cheese-factory,  a  starch-factory,  <tc.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 634. 

Strongoli,  stron'go-le,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Calabria, 
13  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cotrone.     Pop.  2859. 

Strong  River,  Mississippi,  rises  in  Scott  co.,  runs 
southwestward  through  Smith  and  Simpson  cos.,  and  enters 
Pearl  River. 

Strong's  Caiion,  a  station  in  Placer  co.,  Cal.,  on  tho 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  6J  miles  S.AV.  of  Truckee. 

Strong's  Island,  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Oualan. 

Strong's  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-hamlet  and  town- 
ship of  Adams  co.,  Wis.,  about  45  miles  N.N.W.  of  Portage 
City.  Tho  township  contains  Arkdale,  is  bounded  on  the 
W.  by  the  Wisconsin  River,  and  has  a  pop.  of  934. 

Strongs'town,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pine  township,  Indi- 
ana CO.,  Pa.,  about  27  miles  W.  of  Altoona.     It  has  a  church. 

Strongs'ville,  a  post-village  in  Strongsville  township, 
Cuyahoga  oo.,  0.,  on  Rocky  River,  5  miles  S.  of  Berea,  and 
about  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cleveland.  It  has  2  churches  and 
several  mills.  The  township  has  3  cheese-factories  and  a 
pop.  of  896. 

Strongyle,  the  ancient  name  of  Stromboli. 

Strongylo,  strong'e-lo,  an  islet  of  the  Grecian  Archi- 
pelago, 8  miles  S.W.  of  Paros. 

Stron'sa,  or  Stron'say,  one  of  the  most  easterly  of 
the  Orkney  Islands,  Scotland,  about  7i  miles  in  length  by 
6i  miles  in  breadth.  Pop.  1267.  Shores  deeply  indented 
by  bays,  and  surface  mostly  in  pasturage.  On  its  N.E.  side 
is  the  island  of  Papa-Stronsa. 

Stron'tian  (called  stron-tee'an  by  the  people  of  tho 
vicinity),  a  hamlet  and  quoad  sacra  parish  of  Scotland,  co. 
of  Argyle,  on  an  arm  of  the  sea  called  Loch  Sunart,  30 
miles  S.W.  of  Fort  William,  noted  for  its  mines  of  lead  and 
strontian,  which  metal  is  named  from  the  parish. 

Strontian  (stron'she-an)  Island, or  Green  Island, 
one  of  the  Wine  Islands  of  Lake  Erie,  in  Ottawa  co.,  0.,  1 J 
miles  W.  of  Put-in-Bay.  Area,  9  acres.  It  belongs  to  the 
United  States  government,  and  contains  large  deposits  of 
strontia  sulphate.     Here  is  the  Green  Island  light-house. 

Strophadcs,  Ionian  islets.    See  Strivali. 

Stroppiana,  strop-pe-i'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Pied- 
mont, 8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Vercelli.     Pop.  2645. 

Strother,  strora'^r,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Fair- 
field CO.,  S.C,  on  the  Spartanburg  &  Union  Railroad,  37 
miles  N.W.  of  Columbia.     It  has  a  store. 

Stroud,  strowd,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  9  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Gloucester,  on  a  branch  railway.  Pop.  7082, 
The  town,  on  an  eminence  at  the  confluence  of  the  Frome 
and  Slade  Rivers,  is  well  built,  and  has  many  woollen-  and 
fulling-mills  and  dyeing-establishments.  It  sends  two 
members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Stroud,  or  Strood,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Kent, 
on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Medway,  continuous  across  a  bridge 
with  Rochester.     Pop.  4186. 

Strcud,  a  township  of  Monroe  co..  Pa.     Pop.  2100. 

Stroud  City,  Kentucky.  See  Owensborough  Junction. 

Stroud's,  a  village  and  station  of  McLean  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Owensborough  &  Nashville  Railroad,  27  miles  S.  oS 
Owensborough. 

Stroudsburg,  strCwdz'biirg,  a  post-borongh,  capital 
of  Monroe  co..  Pa.,  in  Stroud  township,  on  Brodhcad's 
Creek  and  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  <t  Western  Railroad, 
53  miles  S.E.  of  Scranton,  about  24  miles  N.  of  Eoston, 
and  4  miles  N.W.  of  the  Delaware  Water  Gap.  It  is  fur- 
rounded  by  attractive  scenery,  and  contains  a  court-houf e,  3 
or  4  churches,  2  banks,  and  2  newspaper  offices.    Pop.  1860. 

Stroudwater,  strowd'wi-t?r,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumber- 
land CO.,  Me.,  in  Deering  township,  3  miles  W.  of  Port- 
land.    It  has  a  church. 

Strout,  strowt,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co.,  111.,  on  tht 
Chicago  <fe  Alton  Railroad,  40  miles  S.W.  of  Jacksonville. 

Struga,  stroo'gi,  written  also  Stronga,  a  town  cf 
European  Turkey,  in  Albaniiv,  6  miles  W.  of  Ochrida. 


STR 


2550 


STU 


Struma,  a  river  of  Turkey.    See  Kara-Soo. 

Strnppa,  stroop'p&,  a  village  of  Italy,  3  mileti  N.E.  of 
Oenon,  on  tlie  Bisagno,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Gulf  of  Genoa. 
Pop.  of  commune,  3137. 

Striithcr's  (strarn'^rc)  Station,  a  post-village  in 
Poland  town!>hip,  Mahoning  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ashtabula  & 
Pittsburg  Ilailrood,  and  on  the  Mahoning  River,  4}  miles 
6.E.  of  Youngstovrn.  It  has  a  church  and  a  blast-furnace 
for  iron.     Pop.  about  300. 

Stry,  stree,  a  river  of  Austrian  Galicia,  rises  in  the 
Carpathians,  flows  N.  and  N.B.,  and,  after  a  course  of  110 
miles,  joins  the  Dniester  4  miles  N.E.  of  Zydaozow. 

Stry,  a  fortified  town  of  Galicia,  on  the  Stry,  42  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Leraberg.     Pop.  9880. 

Strycn,  or  Strijen,  stri'^n,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  South  Holland,  8  miles  S.  of  Dort.    Pop.  3251. 

Stry'ker,  a  post-village  in  Springfield  township,  Wil- 
liams CO.,  0.,  on  Benn  Creek,  and  on  the  Air-Lino  division 
of  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michignn  Southern  Railroad,  47  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Toledo,  and  8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bryan.     It  has 

5  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 
Pop.  671. 

Stryker9vilIe,orStrikersviIle,stri'k?r8-vTl,  apost- 
village  in  Sheldon  township,  Wyoming  oo.,  N.Y.,  about  28 
miles  S.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  2  churches  and  seteral  mills. 
Pop.  about  400. 

Strymon,  a  river  of  Turkey.    See  KAnA-Soo. 

Strymonicus  Sinus.    See  Gulf  op  Obphaso. 

Strynoe  and  Strynoe-Kalp,  strli'no'?h-kilp,  two 
Islets  of  Denmark,  between  the  islands  of  Langelaud,  Taa- 
singe,  and  ^roe. 

Strypen,  stri'p^n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flan- 
ders, 13  miles  S.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  1210. 

Stryvelyne,  a  burgh  of  Scotland.    See  Stirling. 

Strzeino,  strzhSI'no,  or  Strscheino,  a  town  of  Prus- 
sia, in  Posen,  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Inowrazlaw.     Pop.  3493. 

Strzyzow,  strzheo'zov,  a  village  of  Austrian  Galicia, 
near  Jaslo,  on  the  Wisloka.     Pop.  1273. 

Stu'art,  an  island  in  Bchring's  Sea,  in  lat.  63°  33'  N., 
Ion.  162°  19'  W.,  about  20  miles  in  circuit. 

Stuart,  a  post-village,  partly  in  Stuart  township,  Adair 
CO.,  and  partly  in  Penn  township,  Guthrie  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  40  miles  W. 
by  S.  of  Des  Moines.     It  has  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices, 

6  churches,  and  a  machine-shop.     Pop.  in  1890,  2052. 
Stuart,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Patrick  co.,  Va.,  on 

the  Danville  A  Western  Railroad,  about  25  miles  W.  by  S. 
of  Martinsville.     Pop.  in  1890,  332. 

Stubbekiobing,  stoob'b^h-k'yo^bing,  a  maritime  town 
of  Denmark,  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Falster,  15 
miles  S.  of  Preestoe.     Pop.  1247. 

Stubblefield,  st&b'b^l-fecld,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bond 
CO.,  III.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  &  Terre  Haute  Railroad, 
47  miles  E.N.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.     It  has  a  church. 

Stubbletield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Graves  co.,  Ky.,  3  miles 
from  Wingo's  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Studenecz,  stoo'd^h-nitch^  or  Studanka,  stoo-d&n- 
kS,,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  circle  of  Bidschow,  on  the  road 
to  Stark  enbach.     Pop.  2133. 

Stud'land,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Dorset,  in  the 
island  of  Purbeck,  3  miles  N.  of  Swanage,  bounded  on  the 
N.  by  Poole  Harbor.  Studland  Bay,  on  its  E.  side,  is  a 
fair  anchorage,  and  near  it  is  Brownsea  Island,  with  a 
castle,  defending  the  entrance  of  Poole  Harbor. 

Stuhlweissenburg,  8tool-^i's?n-b6oRO^  (or  -biirg),  a 
town  of  Hungary,  capital  of  a  county,  in  a  marshy  tract, 
16  miles  N.E.  of  Lake  Balatony.  Pop.  22,683.  It  has 
some  handsome  buildings,  including  the  bishop's  palace 
and  offices,  county  hall,  the  Marienkirche,  in  which  14 
kings  of  Hungary  were  buried,  a  gymnasium,  other  Roman 
Catholic  schools,  a  military  academy,  a  Magyar  theatre, 
manufactures  of  flannels  and  leather,  a  trade  in  wine,  and 
large  cattle-markets. 

Stuhlweissenbnrg,  or  Weissenburg  (Hung. 
Szikea-Fehir,  si'kfish-feh-hir'),  a  county  in  the  S.W.  of 
Hungary,  bounded  E.  by  the  Danube.  Area,  1605  square 
miles.  It  is  level  in  the  S.,  but  broken  in  the  N.  Wine 
and  tobacco  are  loading  products.     Pop.  196,234. 

Stuhm,  stoom,  a  town  ot  West  Prussia,  13  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Marienwerder,  between  two  lakes.  Pop.  2146.  It  has 
an  old  castle.  Here  Gustavus  Adolphus  defeated  the  Poles 
in  1630. 

Stuka,  a  town  of  Morocco.    See  Stooka. 

Stukely,  Quebec.     See  South  Stukely. 

Stumke's  (stilm'kiz)  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  in 
Franklin  township,  Ripley  oo.,  Ind.,  3  miles  from  Milan. 
It  has  a  church. 


Stump'cy  Point,  a  post-office  of  Daro  oo.,  N.O. 

Stump  Knob,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Tonn. 

Stump  Sound,  a  post-township  of  Onslow  oo.,  N.C 
on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Wilmington.  IJer 
are  forests  of  pine.     Pop.  1515. 

Stura,  stoo'ril  (ano.  Slu'm),  a  river  of  North  Italy,  i; 
Piedmont,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  35  miles,  joins  th«  Po 
miles  N.  of  Turin. 

Stura,  a  river  of  North  Italy,  flows  for  70  milei  N.E. 
and  Joins  the  Tanaro  on  the  left,  near  Chorasco. 

Stur'bridgc,  a  hamlet  of  England,  oo.  and  U  ttUe 
N.N.E.  of  Cambridge. 

Stur'bridge,  a  post-village  and  township  of  AVorccitc 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Quinebaug  River,  about  30  miles  E.  oi 
Springfield,  and  20  miles  S.W.  of  Worcester.  It  has  ; 
churches.  The  township  contains  Fiskedale,  and  hns  manu 
facturcs  of  cotton  print  cloth,  bits,  augers,  carriiigei,  an. 
women's  shoes,  and  a  pop.  of  2213.  (Jriipliite  is  mined  here 

Stur'devant,  a  post-office  and  station  of  'rallnpodiiil 
CO.,  Ala.,  near  Tallapoosa  River,  and  on  the  Savannah  i' 
Memphis  Railroad,  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Opelika,  It  hat  i' 
grist-mill. 

Sturge,  stilrj,  an  island  of  the  Antarctic  Ocean,  fhi 
ensternmost  of  the  five  which  compose  the  Balleny  group- 
in  lat.  66°  44'  S.,  Ion.  163°  11'  W.  It  is  very  elevated,  th. 
highest  peak  being  about  5000  feet. 

Sturgeon,  stfir'jpn,  a  lake  of  Canada,  27  miles  long  b) 
6  miles  broad,  connected  with  Pine  Island  Lnke  by  thi 
river  Saskatchewan,  in  lat.  64°  N.,  Ion.  102°  W.  It  re 
ccives  Sturgeon  River,  a  rapid  stream,  30  miles  long.         j 

Sturgeon,  stiir'jon,  a  station  in  Baraga  co.,  Mich,,  w 
the  Marquette,  Houghton  &  Ontonagon  Railroad,  16  milet 
S.E.  of  L'Anse. 

Sturgeon,  a  post-village  of  Boone  co.,  Mo.,  on  the8t 
Louis,  Kansas  City  A  Northern  Railroad,  16  miles  S.S.E 
of  Moberly,  and  about  20  miles  N.  of  Columbia.  It  has  i 
newspaper  office,  4  churches,  and  a  bank.     Pop.  (1890)  713, 

Sturgeon,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  Prince  Edwarc 
Island,  4  miles  from  Georgetown.     Pop.  200. 

Sturgeon  Bay,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Door  co. 
Wis.,  in  Sturgeon  I3ay  township,  on  a  narrow  inlet  of 
Green  Bay,  about  25  miles  E.  of  Oconto,  and  3  miles  W.  oft 
Lake  Michigan,  which  is  the  E.  boundary  of  the  township- 
It  contains  a  graded  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  4  cburcbet 
4  saw-mills,  and  a  planing-mill.  A  short  canal  connectii 
the  inlet  (called  Sturgeon  liy)  with  Lake  Michigan.  Pop.- 
in  1890,  2195.  ; 

Sturgeon  Lake,  a  station  of  the  Lake  Superior  h\ 
Mississippi  Railroad,  52  miles  S.W.  of  Duluth,  Minn. 

Sturgeon  River,  Houghton  co.,  Mich.,  runs  westward 
and  northward,  and  enters  Portage  Lake  about  9  milei 
S.S.E.  of  Houghton. 

Sturgeonviile,  a  post-office  of  Brunswick  co.,  Va. 

Sturgis,  stiir'jis,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co.,  Da-j 
kota,  among  the  Black  Hills,  12  miles  E.  of  Deadwood. 

Sturgis,  a  post-village  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Sturgis  township,  on  the  Grand  Rapids  A  Indiana  Ruilroftd 
where  it  crosses  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan  Southern 
Railroad,  31  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Elkhart,  24  miles  W.S.W.of 
Coldwater,  and  36  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Kalamazoo.  It  has  7 
churches,  a  national  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  union 
school,  a  machine-shop,  a  grist-mill,  and  manufactures  of 
furniture,  pumps,  windmills,  sash,  blinds,  Ac.  Pop.  about 
2000  ;  of  the  township,  2248. 

Stur'minster  New'ton  Castle,  a  town  of  England/ 
CO.  of  Dorset,  on  the  Stour,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Shaftesbury. 
Pop.  of  parish,  1965.     It  has  some  manufactures  of  baiie. 

Sturt,  a  mountain  of  New  South  Wales,  in  the  Darling 
Downs. 

Sturt  Moun'tain,  in  South  Australia,  is  the  most  eoii- 
spicuous  summit  of  the  Gawler  range,  W.  of  Spencer  Gulf. 
Lat.  32°  45'  S. ;  Ion.  135°  30'  E. 

Sturt  Riv'er,  South  Australia,  enters  the  Gulf  of  M. 
Vincent  near  Glenelg,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Adelaide. 

Stnts'man,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  piirt  of  North 
Dakota,  is  drained  by  the  Dakota  River.  Area,  2304  square 
miles.  The  soil  is  fertile.  It  is  intersected  by  the  North- 
ern Pacific  Railroad.    Capital,  Jamestown.    P.  (1S90)  5266. 

Stutt'gart,  or  Stnt'gard  (Ger.  pron.  stoot'gaut),  the 
capital  city  of  Wiirteuiberg,  Germany,  on  the  Nci^enbacb, 
a  small  affluent  of  the  Neckar,  li  miles  from  its  mouth  in 
that  river,  38  miles  E.S.E.  of  Carlsruhe.  Lat.  of  the 
cathedral,  48°  46'  36"  N. ;  Ion.  9°  10'  52"  E.  The  city  i8 
surrounded  by  gardens  and  vineyards,  and  is  entered  by  an 
avenue  of  poplars.  It  is  mostly  well  built,  and  has  some 
broad  and  handsome  streets  and  fine  squares,  in  one  of 
which  is  the  royal  palace,  a  freestone  edifice,  opening  od 


STU 


2551 


SUO 


one  side  into  a  fine  park.  This  palace  contains  many  good 
Flemish  paintings,  and  sculptures  by  Dannecker  and  Canova. 
The  old  palace,  and  the  theatre  in  the  same  square,  a  Gothic 
church,  with  tombs  of  the  dukes  of  Wiirtemberg,  the  pal- 
ace of  the  princes,  parliament  house,  city  hall,  chancery 
court,  barracks,  post-oflSco,  gymnasium,  city  schools,  large 
hospital,  workhouse,  royal  stud-house,  stables,  and  riding- 
school,  are  the  other  principal  edifices ;  and  here  are  a  public 
library  containing  450,00(5  volumes,  a  museum  of  natural 
history,  with  a  remarkable  series  of  fossils,  royal  cabinets 
of  coins,  medals,  antiquities,  and  maps,  the  royal  library, 
and  many  private  libraries.  Stuttgard  is  the  terminus  of 
numerous  railways.  Printing  and  book-binding  form  the 
chief  branches  of  its  industry.  It  has  manufactures  of 
woollen  and  cotton  goods,  jewelry,  mathematical  and  mu- 
sical instruments,  perfumery,  corsets,  gloves,  and  carpets, 
with  breweries  and  vinegar-works.  In  its  vicinity  wine  is 
made ;  and  near  it  is  Cannstadt,  a  favorite  watering-place. 
Stuttgart  is  of  ancient  date,  and  owes  its  name  to  a  castle 
which  existed  before  1080.  In  1119  it  obtained  corporate 
rights  from  Rudolf,  Margrave  of  Baden,  and  in  1320  became 
the  residence  of  the  counts  of  Wiirtemberg.  It  was  much 
extended  and  improved  about  1449,  and  has  since,  with  only 
a  short  interval,  been  the  capital.  Pop.,  exclusive  of  Cann- 
Btadt,  (1885)  125,906. 

Stuyvesant,  stl'v?s-ant,  a  post-village  of  Columbia 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Stuyvesant  township,  on  the  Hudson  River, 
and  on  the  Hudson  River  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Hudson, 
and  18  miles  below  Albany.  It  has  a  steamboat-landing,  3 
churches,  and  a  foundry.  The  township  contains  the  vil- 
lage of  Stuyvesant  Falls.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2393. 

Stuyvesant  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Stuyvesant  town- 
ship, Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Kinderhook  Creek,  24  miles  S. 
of  Albany.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  cotton 
ond  woollen  goods.  The  creek  affords  water-power.  Pop. 
about  700. 

Styles  Station,  New  York.     See  Stiles  Station. 

Styr,  steer,  a  river  of  Austria  and  Russia,  in  Galicia, 
Volhynia,  and  Minsk,  after  a  N.  course  of  200  miles,  joins 
the  Pripcts  22  miles  E.  of  Pinsk. 

Styria,  or  Stiria,  stlr'e-q,  (Ger.  Steyermnrk,  sti'^r- 
mank* ;  Fr.  Stt/rle,  stee'ree' ;  anciently  a  part  of  Nor'ictivi), 
a  duchy  and  crown-land  of  Austro-Hungary,  in  Cisleitha- 
nia,  between  lat.  45°  54'  and  47°  50'  N.  and  Ion.  13°  30' 
and  16°  25'  B.,  having  on  the  E.  Hungary,  S.  Illyria  and 
Croatia,  and  N.  and  W.  Upper  Austria.  Area,  8671  square 
miles.  Pop.  1,137,990,  partly  of  Slavic  and  partly  of  Ger- 
man descent.  It  chiefly  consists  of  the  valley  or  basin  of 
the  Mur,  with  portions  of  those  of  the  Dravo  and  Save  in 
the  S.,  and  the  Enns  in  the  N.W.,  which  valley  is  separated 
from  that  of  the  Mur  by  the  Noric  Alps.  The  highest 
point  of  these,  the  Hoohschwab,  is  upwards  of  7600  feet  in 
elevation.  The  Styrian  Alps,  S.  of  the  Mur,  rise  in  the 
Eisenhut  to  7656  feet  in  height,  and  a  branch  of  the  Carnio 
Alps  separates  the  Drave  and  Save.  The  surface  is  almost 
■wholly  mountainous,  except  in  the  S.E.,  where  are  some 
plains  on  which  corn,  fruit,  tobacco,  &o.,  are  raised ;  else- 
where pastoral  and  mining  industry  chiefly  occupy  the  pop- 
ulation. The  chief  crops  are  wheat,  maize,  pulse,  fruits, 
hemp,  and  flax.  Cattle  and  sheep  are  extensively  reared. 
Mining  is  the  chief  branch  of  industry.  Leading  mineral 
products  are  iron,  copper,  salt,  alum,  and  coal,  with  small 
quantities  of  lead,  silver,  gold,  and  zinc ;  marble  and 
building-stones  are  abundant,  and  the  country  contains 
many  medicinal  springs.  Styria  lies  in  the  high  route 
between  Austria  and  the  Adriatic,  and  is  traversed  by  the 
railway  from  Vienna  to  Triest.  It  is  divided  into  the  circles 
of  (Iratz  (the  capital),  and  Marburg,  Cilly,  Judenburg,  and 
Bruck,  its  other  chief  towns.  Nearly  all  its  inhabitants  are 
Roman  Catholics.  Styria  was  erected  into  a  margraviate 
by  Charlemagne.  It  has  belonged  to  Austria  since  1192. 
Adj.  and  inhab.  Styrian,  stlr'e-an. 

Suabia,  Germany.    See  Swabia. 

Suadiah,  or  Suadeiah.    See  Sweideeyah. 

Suakiiii,  Suakem,  soo-i'k^m,  Suakin,  or  Sua- 
ken,  swi'k§n,  a  seaport  town  of  Egypt,  on  the  Red  Sea, 
on  an  island  otf  its  W.  coast,  in  lat.  19°  7'  N.,  Ion.  37° 
20'  K.  Pop.  4078.  It  has  an  excellent  harbor,  and  is  a 
station  for  pilgrims  and  for  trade  to  and  from  Arabia. 

Suamico,  swom'^-ko,  a  small  river  of  Wisconsin,  rises 
in  Shawano  co.,  runs  eastward  through  Brown  co.,  and  en- 
ters Green  Bay  about  8  miles  N.  of  the  town  of  Green  Bay. 

Suaniico,  a  post-village  in  Suamico  township.  Brown 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the  Chicago 
&  Northwestern  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  the  city  of  Green 
Bay.  It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill.  The  township 
is  bounded  E.  by  Green  Bay.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1074. 


Snapure,  swi-poo'ri,  or  Sivapnre,  se-vi-poo'ri,  a 
river  of  Venezuela,  rises  in  the  Sierra  Parima,  near  lat.  6° 
S.,  flows  W.N.W.,  and  joins  the  Orinoco  on  the  right,  after 
a  course  of  about  100  miles. 

Suarez,  United  States  of  Colombia.     See  Sahabita. 

Suata,  swi'ti,  or  Suapa,swi'pi,  atown  of  the  United 
States  of  Colombia,  province  of  Socorro,  about  80  miles 
S.S.AV.  of  Pamplona.     It  consists  of  about  1000  houses. 

Subaschi,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Soobashi. 

Subathoo,  or  Subhatoo,  soo^bl-too',  a  town  of 
Northwest  India,  between  the  Sutlej  and  Jumna,  28  miles 
S.E.  of  Belaspoor.     It  is  a  sanitarium  for  British  troops. 

Subbermutty,  a  river  of  India.     See  Sabermuttee. 

Subbiano,  soob-be-i'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  en  the 
Arno,  34  miles  E.S.E.  of  Florence.     P.  of  commune,  3725. 

Subiaco,  soo-be-l'ko  (anc.  Subla'qnetim),  a  town  of 
Central  Italy,  31  miles  E.  of  Rome,  on  the  Teverone.  Pop. 
6990.  It  is  picturesquely  situated,  and  has  a  castle,  long  a 
summer  residence  of  the  popes,  a  monastery  founded  in  the 
fifth  century,  and  remains  of  a  villa  of  Nero. 

Sub'lett,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adair  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Northern  division  of  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern 
Railroad,  42  miles  N.  of  Macon.     It  has  a  church. 

Sub'lette,  a  post- village  in  Sublette  township,  Lee  co., 
111.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  8  miles  N.N.AV.  of 
Mendota,  and  20  miles  S.E.  of  Dixon.  It  has  4  churches 
and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1300. 

Sub'lett's  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Tennessee  River,  5  miles  from  Bellefonte. 

Sublett's  Tavern,  a  post-hamlet  of  Powhatan  co., 
Va.,  near  the  James  River,  about  24  miles  AV.  of  Rich- 
mond.    It  has  a  church. 

Subligna,  sub'lig-na,  a  post-village  of  Chattooga  oo., 
Ga.,  is  at  the  junction  of  several  valleys,  25  miles  N.  by 
W.  of  Rome.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  a  tannery, 
and  2  stores. 

Sublime,  sfib-lTm',  a  post-office  of  Lavaca  co.,  Tba., 
14  miles  S.  of  Weimar. 

Sublim'ity,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Oregon,  15 
miles  S.E.  of  Salem.  It  is  situated  on  an  eminence  com- 
manding a  sublime  view  of  mountains.  It  has  1  or  2 
churches.     Pop.  75. 

Sub  Rosa,  siib  ro'za,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co..  Ark., 
10  miles  S.  of  Ozark. 

Subtiava,  soob-te-i'vi,  a  town  of  Nicaragua,  on  a 
lake,  near  the  Pacific,  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  Leon.     Pop.  5000. 

Subunreeka,  a  river  of  India.    See  Soobunrekea. 

Subz,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Shehr-e-Soobz. 

Subzawar,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Sabzawar. 

Subzawur,  siib-za-wilr',  a  town  and  fort  of  AVest  Af- 
ghanistan, on  a  river,  110  miles  S.  of  Herat.  Lat.  33°  20' 
N.;  Ion.  62°  10'  E. 

Subzow,  Russia.    See  Soobtsov. 

Sncarnoocltee,  suk-ar-noo'chee,  or  Suck^erno'- 
chee,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Kemper  co.,  Miss.,  on 
Sucarnoochee  Creek,  and  on  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  34 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Meridian. 

Sucarnoochee  Creek  rises  near  the  N.  border  of 
Kemper  co.,  Miss.,  and  runs  southeastward  into  Alabama. 
It  intersects  Sumter  co.,  Ala.,  and  enters  the  Tombigbee 
River  about  15  miles  S.E.  of  Livingston.  It  is  nearly  100 
miles  long,  and  is  navigable. 

Succadaua,  suk-ki-dd'ni,  written  also  Soekadana, 
a  town  on  the  W.  coast  of  Borneo,  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Simpang  River,  lat.  1°  20'  S.  The  exports  comprise 
opium,  camphor,  salt,  diamonds,  gold-dust,  and  tin. 

Suc^casun'na,  or  Suck'asun'ny,  a  post-village  of 
Morris  CO.,  N.J.,  in  Roxbury  township,  on  the  Morris  Canal 
and  the  Chester  Branch  Railroad,  6i  miles  S.W.  of  Dover, 
and  about  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Morristown.  It  Las  2 
churches  and  a  pottery  for  stone-ware. 

Suc^cess',  a  post-office  of  Russell  co.,  Kansas,  on  Sa- 
line River,  8i  miles  N.  of  Bunker  Hill. 

Success,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benzie  co.,  Mich.,  12  miles 
W.  of  Traverse  City.     Near  it  are  several  lakes. 

Success,  township,  Coos  co.,  N.II.     Area.,  30,000  acres. 

Success,  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.    See  Nouthville. 

Suce,  sii^si',  a  village  of  France,  in  Loire-Inf6rieure,  on 
the  Erdre,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Nantes.     Pop.  2119. 

Su-Chew,  China.    See  Soo-Cnow-Foo. 

Suchiltepec,  soo-cheel-td,-p6k',  a  town  of  Guatemala, 
capital  of  a  department,  75  miles  W.  of  New  Guatemala, 
on  the  river  Suchiltepec,  which  enters  the  Pacific  Ocean, 
and  near  a  volcano  of  the  same  name.  Indigo  and  cochi- 
neal are  cultivated  in  its  vicinity. 

Suchin,  soo'chin,  a  small  native  state  of  India,  ia 
Guzerat.     Pop.  17,103. 


sue 


2552 


SUF 


Suchona*  a  rivor  of  Russia.    Seo  Sookiiona. 

SUchtcIn,  silK'tAln,  a  villugo  of  lUienish  Prussia,  19 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Dusseldorf,  on  a  canal.     Pop.  184U. 

Sucidavaf  tho  nnciunt  nauio  of  Suczawa. 

Suck,  a  river  of  Ireland,  in  Connnugbt,  flows  mostly  S., 
and  joins  tho  Shannon  at  SItannun  Bridge. 

Suckasiiniiy,  New  Jersey.    See  Succasunna. 

Siick'er  Flat,  a  mining-camp  of  Yuba  oo.,  Cal.,  ^ 
mile  from  Yuba  River,  and  about  15  luilcs  E.  of  Marysvillc. 
Here  aro  placer  gold-mines  which  were  once  rich. 

Sucker  LakCt  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  Wis. 

Suckcrnocliee  Creek.    See  SucAKNoociiiSE. 

Sucre,  a  city  of  Bolivia.    See  CiiiigiusACA. 

Sucro,  the  ancient  name  of  the  JucAii. 

Sucro,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Cullera. 

Sucuriu,  soo-koo-re-oo',  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the 
Serra  de  Itiujucira,  in  Matto-Grosso,  and  joins  tho  Parang 
on  the  right,  8  miles  below  the  junction  of  the  Tictc. 

Suczawa,  soo-ch&'^Jl,  or  Sutschawa,  soo-chi'^il,  a 
river  of  Austria,  rises  in  Bukowina,  forms  part  of  the  bound- 
ary between  Ualicia  and  Uoumania,  and  joins  tho  Sercth 
after  a  course  of  about  100  miles. 

Suczawa,  Suczava,  8oo-chil'v&,  or  SutschaAva 
(anc.  Sucid(ii)u),  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Bukowina,  near  the 
Suczawa,  on  the  frontier  of  Roumania,  34  miles  E.N.E,  of 
Kimpolung.  Pop.  7436.  It  has  several  Greek  and  Arme- 
nian churches,  a  synagogue,  and  a  high  school. 

Suda,  soo'di,  or  Swid,  swid,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises 
in  the  S.  of  tho  government  of  Olonets,  and,  flowing  S.E., 
joins  the  Shoksna  below  Cherepovetz.  Total  course,  about 
140  miles. 

Sudak,  a  town  of  the  Crimea.     See  Soodak. 

Sudan,  a  region  of  Africa.    See  Soodan. 

Sudbury,  siid'h^r-e,  a  town  of  England,  cos.  of  Suf- 
folk and  Essex,  on  the  Stour,  19  miles  AV.  of- Ipswich.  Pop. 
6908.  The  town,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  river,  is  neat,  clean, 
vrcll  built,  and  has  3  parish  churches,  a  handsomo  town 
hall,  a  grammar-school,  an  important  manufacture  of  silks 
and  buntings,  an  export  trade  in  agricultural  produce,  and 
imports  of  coal. 

Sudbury,  sfid'b^r-e,  a  post-village  in  Sudbury  town- 
ship, Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston,  Clinton  A  Eitch- 
burg  Railroad,  20  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Lowell,  and  about  20 
miles  W.  of  Boston.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  high  school. 
Tho  township  is  bounded  E.  by  the  Sudbury  River,  and  con- 
tains South  Sudbury.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1177. 

Sudbury,  a  post-hamlet  and  summer  resort  in  Sudbury 
township,  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  about  20  miles  N.AV.  of  Rut- 
land. It  has  a  church.  Good  marble  is  found  in  this 
township.     Pop.  of  the  township,  601. 

Sudbury  River,  M.assachusetts,  drains  part  of  Mid- 
dlesex CO.,  runs  northward,  and  unites  with  the  Assabet 
about  1  mile  N.W.  of  Concord.  The  union  of  these  rivers 
forms  the  Concord  River. 

Sudermania,  Sweden.    See  Sodermannlavd. 
.    Suderoe,  soo'd^r-o  or  soo'd?r-o'§h,  almost  soo'd^r-uh^- 
y^h,  one  of  the  Faroe  Islands.     It  has  beds  of  lignite. 


Suder  Oi 


Prussia.     See  Norder  Ogg. 


Sudeten-Gebirge,  soo'd^h-t^n-gheh-becR'gh^h,  or 
Sudet'ic  3Iountains  (anc.  Sude'ti  Mon'tes),  a  moun- 
tain-range of  Germany,  comprising  the  Fichtel-Berg,  Erz- 
Gebirge,and  Riesen-Gebirge.  They  encircle  Bohemia,  being 
connected  on  the  E.  with  the  Carpathians  and  on  the  W. 
with  the  mountains  of  Franconia. 

Sudharain,  a  town  of  Bengal.     See  Noakrally. 

Sud'lersville,  a  popt-hamlet  of  Queen  Anne  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Queen  Anne's  <fc  Kent  Railroad,  16  miles  N.E.  of 
Centreville.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  cannery.     Pop.  200. 

Sud'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md.,near 
Chesapeake  Bay,  about  14  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Annapolis. 

Sud'ley  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prince  William 
CO.,  Va.,  8  miles  N.  of  Manassas.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
flour-mill. 

Sudost,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  SoonosT. 

Sud»«ha,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Sooja. 

Sudud,  sooMud'  (probably  the  Zadiid  of  Scripture),  a 
large  village  of  Syria,  E.  of  the  route  from  Damascus  to 
Iloms  (Eincsa). 

Suduk,  or  Sadak,  sud'fik',  a  river  of  Beloochistan, 
rises  near  lat.  26°  N.,  Ion.  63°  22'  E.,  and,  after  a  S.  course 
pf  140  miles,  enters  the  Indian  Ocean  125  miles  E.  of  the 
mouth  of  tho  Doostee. 

Sudzice,  a  town  of  Silesia.    See  Zauditz. 

Sue,  soo'i,  an  island  of  Torres  Strait,  one  of  "The Sis- 
ters," N.N.E.  of  Cape  York.  Lat.  10°  12'  S. ;  Ion.  142° 
62'  E.     At  the  W.  end  of  the  island  is  a  native  village. 

Sueca,  swi'ki,  a  town  of  Spain,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Va- 


lencia, on  tho  Jucar,  near  its  mouth  in  tho  Moditerraoeu 
Pop.  11,340. 

Suecia,  Sueco,  Su^de,  and  Suedia.  See  Swedri 

Sue  (»a)  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Macon  co.,  Mo.,  aboi 
20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Macon  City.  It  has  4  stores,  a  grin 
mill,  Ac. 

Suediah,  swA'de-l  (anc.  Seleu'cia),  a  port  of  Asiat 
Turkey,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Antioch. 

Suel,  sa'fll,  a  post-offico  of  Scott  co.,  Minn. 

Suessa  Arrunca,  the  ancient  name  of  Skssa. 

Sucssonum,  or  Suessiouum.    See  SoisraNS. 

Suez,  soo'fiz,  written  also  Souez  and  Suucys  (Aral 
pron.  8oo-6z'  or  soo-aiz';  anc.  Cleopu'trlg  or  Arain'iie),  a  fron 
tier  seaport  town  of  Egypt,  near  the  head  of  the  Quif  u| 
Suez  (an  arm  of  the  Red  Sea),  76  miles  E.  of  Cairo.  Lat 
29°  58'  6"  N. ;  Ion.  32°  34'  2"  E.  It  is  a  station  for  nu 
merous  caravans  and  travellers.  It  is  connected  b''  railway 
with  Cairo  and  Alexandria,  and  since  tho  construction  oi 
tho  Suez  Canal,  which  crosses  the  Isthmus  of  Suez  fron 
Port  Said  to  this  town,  it  has  greatly  improved.  The  ok 
town  is  built  of  sun-dried  bricks,  having  about  a  dozer 
mosques,  a  Greek  church,  a  custom-house,  governmcni 
house,  <tc.  There  are  also  fine  hotels,  hospitals,  store- 
houses, and  a  chalet  of  the  khedive.  The  country  around 
it  is  a  perfect  desert,  and  all  provisions  and  water  ar« 
brought  to  it  from  great  distances.  From  its  position  on 
tho  high-road  between  Egypt  and  the  East,  Suez  has  alwajf 
been  a  place  of  extensive  transit  trade;  and  since  the  es- 
tablishment of  the  overland  route  to  India  it  hiis  become 
the  residence  of  many  merchants  and  agents.  Its  water-! 
supply  comes  from  the  Nile.  Two  miles  S.  of  the  town  is 
a  spacious  new  artificial  port,  with  a  dry-dock,  besides] 
which  there  is  a  canal  port,  with  extensive  buildings  and  a 
quay.  Pop.  12,500.  See  Gulf  op  Suez,  and  Isthmus  or 
Suez. 

Su'ez',  a  post-township  of  Mercer  co..  111.,  about  18' 
miles  N.W.  of  Galesburg.  It  contains  the  village  of  Nor- 
wood, a  hamlet  named  Suez,  and  5  churches.     Pop.  1176. 

Suffeed  Koh,  or  Sufeid  Koh,  stif-fced'  ko  (tho 
"white  mountain"),  in  Afghanistan,  100  miles  S.  of  tho 
Ilindoo-Koosh,  bounds  the  valley  of  Cabool  on  tho  S., 
extending  from  W.  to  E.,  near  35°  50'  S.  lat.  and  between 
Ion.  69°  36'  and  71°  16'  E.  It  haa  three  parallel  ranges, 
the  two  lower  covered  with  pine  woods,  the  loftiest  steep 
and  rocky,  rising  in  one  part  to  14,200  feet  in  height  and 
covered  with  perpetual  snow. 

Suffeid  Rud,  a  rivor  of  Persia.    See  Sefeed  Rood. 

Suf'fern,a  post-village  in  Ramapo  township,  Rucklnnd 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  at  tho  junction  of  the  Piet- 
mont  Branch  with  the  main  line,  32  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Now 
York,  and  28  miles  S.S.E.  of  Goshen.  It  contains  a  school 
called  the  Mountain  Institute,  and  3  churches. 

Suf  field,  a  post-village  in  Suffield  township,  Hartford 
CO.,  Conn.,  on  a  branch  of  the  New  York,  New  Haven  & 
Hartford  Railroad,  16  miles  N.  of  Hartford,  and  about  2 
miles  W.  of  the  Connecticut.  It  has  6  churches,  a  bank,  2 
paper-mills,  and  several  cigsir-factorics.  Here  is  the  Con- 
necticut Literary  Institute  (Baptist).   P.  of  township,  3277. 

Suffield,  a  post-hamlet  in  Suffield  township,  Portage 
CO.,  0.,  9  miles  S.  of  Kent,  and  about  10  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Akron.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1444 

Sufltcnheim,  soof'fl§n-him'  (Fr.  SoiiJIeuheim,  sooP- 
fl5n'4in'),  a  town  of  Alsace,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Bischweiler. 
Pop.  3014. 

Siifl'olk,  siif'f^k,  a  county  of  England,  having  E.  the 
North  Sea,  N.  Norfolk,  W.  Cambridgeshire,  and  S.  Esse.T. 
Area,  1485  square  miles.  Pop.  356,893.  The  Ouso  and 
Waveney  Rivers  form  the  N.  boundary;  the  S.  limit  is 
formed  by  tho  Stour,  which,  with  the  Orwell,  expands  into 
nn  estuary  near  tho  sea.  Most  of  it  is  level  and  very  pro- 
ductive. Wheat,  barley,  beans,  oats,  turnips,  and  beuij)  ara 
the  principal  crops;  hops  and  wool  are  raised;  dairy  hus- 
bandry is  important,  and  butter  is  a  chief  product.  Agri- 
culture is  the  leading  industrial  pursuit.  The  rivers  aro 
mostly  navigable,  and  the  county  is  intersected  by  the  Stow- 
market  Canal,  the  Lowestoft  &  Norwich  Navigation,  and 
various  lines  of  railway.  Assizes  are  held  at  Bury  St.  Ed- 
mund's and  Ipswich ;  besides  which  boroughs  it  contains 
Eye  and  Sudbury,  and  the  market-towns  of  Woodbridge, 
Framlingham,  Mildenhall,  Brandon,  Lavenham,  Stowmar- 
ket,  Saxmundham,  Ac,  with  Orford,  Aldborough,  South- 
wold,  and  Lowestoft.  It  sends  nine  members  to  the  House 
of  Commons,  of  which  four  are  for  the  county. 

Suffolk,  suf'fpk,  a  small  county  in  the  E.  part  of  .Mas- 
sachusetts, bordering  on  Massachusetts  Bay.  It  comprises 
the  cities  of  Boston  and  Chelsea,  the  townships  of  Revere 
and  Winthrop,  and  several  small  islands  in  Boston  Harbor 


SUF 


2553 


SUG 


knd  the  adjacent  bay.   It  is  the  most  wealthy  county  of  the 
Itate,  and  the  most  populous  except  Middlesex  co.     Cap- 
ital    Boston.      Valuation    of    real    and    personal    estate, 
i'830,f)83,2-17.     Pop.  in  1870,  270,802;  in  1875,  364,886,  its 
rea  having  been  somewhat  increased ;  in  1880,  387,927. 
Suifolk,  the  most  southeastern  county  of  New  York,  has 
n  area  of  about  850  square  miles.     It  comprises  the  mid- 
ille  and  eastern  parts  of  Long  Island,  and  is  bounded  on 
'.he  N.  by  Long  Island  Sound,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  Atlantic 
ccan.     The  coasts  are  deeply  indented  by  inlets  and  bays, 
hich  afford  good  harbors.    The  surfoce  is  partly  level  and 
lartly  hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.     The 
il  is  mostly  sandy,  and  in  some  places  is  fertile.     Hay, 
utter,  Indian  corn,  potatoes,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the 
aple  products.     It  is  intersected  by  the  Long  Island  and 
outh  Side  Railroads.     Capital,  Riverhead.     Valuation  of 

al  and  personal  estate,  $30,317,006.   Pop.  in  1870,  46,924; 

1875,  52,088;  in  1880,  63,888. 

Suffolk,  a  post-office  of  El  Paso  co..  Col. 

Sutfolk,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Nansemond  co.,  Va., 

the  Nansemond  River,  and  on  the  Seaboard  &  Roanoke 

ailroad  where  it  crosses  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio 

ilroad,  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Norfolk,  and  58  miles  E.S.E. 
Petersburg.     It  is  1  mile  from  the  Dismal  Swamp.     It 

ntains  a  court-house,  7  churches,  2  banks,  the  Suffolk 
omale  Institute,  the  Collegiate  Institute,  and  printing- 
^ces  which  issue  2  weekly  newspapers.  It  has  manufac- 
ires  of  lumber  and  cypress  shingles.     Pop.  (1880)  1963. 

Suffolk,  or  Pleasant  Grove,  a  village  in  Queens 
[).,  Prince  Edward  Island,  on  the  Prince  Edward  Island 
Ailway,  10  miles  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  200. 

Sugar  (sh5dg'ar)  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Switzerland 
>.,  Ind. 

Sugar  Creek  rises  in  Benton  co.,  Ark.,  runs  north- 
westward, and  enters  the  Elk  River  in  McDonald  co..  Mo. 

Sugar  Creek,  Georgia,  rises  in  Dodge  co.,  runs  south- 
^tward,  and  enters  the  Little  Oomulgee  River  in  Tel- 
ir  CO. 

Sugar  Creek,  Illinois,  rises  in  McLean  co.,  runs  south- 
ostward  through  Logan  co.,  and  enters  Salt  Creek  4  or  5 
lies  S.E.  of  Mason  City.     It  is  about  65  miles  long. 

Sugar  Creek,  or  Rock  River,  Indiana,  rises  in 

inton  CO.,  runs  southwestward  through  Montgomery  and 
iirke  COS.,  and  enters  the  Wabash  River  about  10  miles 
.W.  of  Rockville.     It  is  about  100  miles  long. 

Sugar  Creek,  Indiana,  rises  in  Henry  co.,  runs  nearly 
uthward  through  the  cos.  of  Hancock  and  Shelby,  and 
iters  the  East  Fork  of  White  River  1  or  2  miles  below 
iinburg.     It  is  about  85  miles  long. 

Sugar  Creek,  Kansas,  rises  in  Anderson  co.,  runs 
istward,  and  enters  the  Osage  River  in  Linn  co.,  about  12 
'lies  N.E.  of  Mound  City. 

Sugar  Creek,  an  affluent  of  the  Catawba  River,  rises 

ar  Charlotte,  N.C.,  runs  southward,  and  enters  that  river 

I  the  E.  border  of  York  co.,  S.C. 

Sugar  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  in  Wayne  co.,  runs  south- 
fstward,  intersects  Stark  co.,  and  enters  the  Tuscarawas 
iver  at  Canal  Dover,  in  Tuscarawas  co.  It  is  about  50 
iles  long. 

I  Sugar  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  drains  the  W.  part  of 
adford  co.,  runs  eastward,  and  enters  the  North  Branch 
the  Susquehanna  River  2  or  3  miles  above  Towanda. 
Sugar  Creek,  Tennessee,  rises  in  Lawrence  co.,  runs 
ithward,  and  enters  Elk  River  in  Limestone  co.,  Ala. 
jSugar  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Benton  co..  Ark. 
pugar  Creek,  a  hamlet  of  Poinsett  co.,  Ark.,  30  miles 
J  of  Forrest  City.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 
pugar  Creek,  township,  Boone  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  3138. 
bugar  Creek,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.    P.  964. 
pugar  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Hancock  co.,  Ind. 
in.  1897.     It  contains  the  village  of  New  Palestine. 
Isugar  Creek,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ind. 
Jp.  1176. 

BUgar  Creek,  a  township  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.  P.  878. 
[Sugar  Creek,  township,  Shelby  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1028. 
^ngar  Creek,  a  township  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa.  P.  617. 
IBugar  Creek,  a  station  in  Lee  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Keo- 
Sk  &  Des  Moines  Railroad,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Keokuk. 
|Sugar  Creek,  a  township  of  Poweshiek  co.,  Iowa. 
Ip.  1070. 

isugar  Creek,  township,  Miami  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  715. 
pugar  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gallatin  co.,  Ky.,  on 
I)  Ohio  River,  5  miles  N.  of  Glencoe. 
sugar  Creek,  a  station  of  the  Paduoah  &  Elizabeth- 
tlrn  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  Nortonville,  Ky. 
t^ugar  Creek,  a  township  of  Barry  co.,  Mo.  P.  2112. 
Sugar  Creek,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  1559. 
161 


Sugar  Creek,  township,  Harrison  co..  Mo.   Pop.  1133. 

Sugar  Creek,  township.  Randolph  co..  Mo.     P.  7031. 

Sugar  Creek,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  0.     Pop.  1016. 

Sugar  Creek,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  0.     P.  1482. 

Sugar  Creek,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  0.     P.  1037. 

Sugar  Creek,  a  township  of  Stark  co.,  0.     Pop.  1779. 

Sugar  Creek,  township,  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.     P.  1482. 

Sugar  Creek,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  0.    Pop.  2006. 

Sugar  Creek,  township,  Armstrong  co..  Pa.    P.  1023. 

Sugar  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sugar  Creek  township, 
Venango  co..  Pa.,  on  French  Creek,  at  the  mouth  of  Sugar 
Creek,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Franklin.  It  is  a  station  on  the 
Franklin  Branch  of  the  Atlantic  A  Great  Western  Railroad. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1656. 

Sugar  Creek,  a  township  of  Walworth  co..  Wis.  Pop. 
978.     It  includes  Millard  and  a  part  of  Elkhorn. 

Sugar  Creek  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Cedar  co.,  Iowa, 
28  miles  AV.  by  N.  of  Davenport.     Here  is  a  flour-mill. 

Sugar  Fork,  a  township  of  Macon  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  356. 

Sugar  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Logan  co..  Ark. 

Sugar  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Kane  co.,  111.,  in  Sugar 
Grove  township,  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Iowa  Railroad,  8  miles 
W.  of  Aurora.  Here  is  a  normal  and  industrial  school. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  787. 

Sugar  Grove,  a  post-village  in  Jackson  township, 
Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind.,  about  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lafayette. 
It  contains  2  churches  and  the  Sugar  Grove  Institute. 

Sugar  Grove,  a  township  of  Dallas  co.,  Iowa.    P.  680. 

Sugar  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Ky.,  about 
15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bowling  Green. 

Sugar  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mason  co.,  Mich.,  12 
miles  E.  of  Ludington.     It  has  a  church. 

Sugar  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Watauga  co.,  N.C. 

Sugar  Grove,  a  post-village  in  Berne  township,  Fair- 
field CO.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  Canal,  near  the  Hocking  River, 
and  on  the  Columbus  &  Hocking  Valley  Railroad,  7  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Lancaster.  It  has  3  churches,  a  tannery,  and  a 
pottery.     Pop.  254. 

Sugar  Grove,  a  township  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.     P.  511. 

Sugar  Grove,  a  station  in  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  on  the  At- 
lantic &  Great  Western  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Greenville. 

Sugar  Grove,  a  post-village  in  Sugar  Grove  town- 
ship, Warren  co..  Pa.,  about  14  miles  E.N.B.  of  Corry,  and 
12  miles  S.W.  of  Jamestown,  N.Y.  It  has  a  newspaper 
office,  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  2  saw-mills,  <fec.  Pop.  about 
500;  of  the  township,  1729. 

Sugar  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Smyth  co.,  Va.,  8  miles 
S.  of  Marion.     It  has  2  churches  and  2  flour-mills. 

Sugar  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pendleton  co.,  W.  Va., 
40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Staunton,  Va.     It  has  a  church. 

Sugar  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Vernon  co..  Wis. 

Sugar  Grove  Station,  Pennsylvania.  SeeliENNARD. 

Sugar  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Hall  co.,  Ga.,  about  66 
miles  N.E.  of  Atlanta. 

Sugar  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Lisbon  township,  about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Haverhill.  It  baa 
a  church  and  a  starch-factory. 

Sugar  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuyler  co.,  N.Y.,  7 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Watkins,  and  about  15  miles  N.  of  Corn- 
ing.    It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Sugar  Hill,  a  post-office  of  McDowell  co.,  N.C. 

Sugar  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Pa. 

Sugar  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Panola  co.,  Tex.,  about  24 
miles  S.  by  AV.  of  Marshall. 

Sugar  Island,  a  township  of  Chippewa  co.,  Mich. 
Pop.  332.  It  is  a  large  island  in  St.  Mary's  Strait,  just 
below  Sault  Ste.  Marie. 

Sugar  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Platte  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  &  Council  Bluffs  Railroad,  44  miles 
N.AV.  of  Kansas  City.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Sugar  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  in 
Wayne  township,  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Meadville.  It  has  a 
church.     Here  is  a  small  lake. 

Sugar  Land,  a  post-office  of  Fort  Bend  co.,  Tex. 

Sugar  Loaf,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sebastian  co..  Ark.,  22 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Fort  Smith.  Near  it  are  2  churches. 
Here  is  a  remarkable  mountain  called  Sugar  Loaf. 

Sugar  Loaf,  a  post-office  of  Boulder  co.,  Col. 

Sugar  Loaf,  a  post-office  of  Ford  co.,  HI. 

Sugar  Loaf,  a  post-offico  of  Rooks  co.,  Kansas. 

Sugar  Loaf,  a  post-village  in  Chester  townshi]i, 
Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  8 
miles  S.  of  Goshen.     It  has  a  church. 

Sugar  Loaf,  a  township  of  Alexander  co.,  N.O 
Pop.  707. 

Sugar  Loaf,  a  township  of  Columbia  co.,  Pa.    P.  759 


SDO 


2554 


SUL 


1240. 


Sugar  Loaft  a  township  of  Luzome  oo.,  P».    P. 

Sugar  Loaf,  a  post-offico  of  Coryoll  oo.,  Te.x. 

Sugar  Notch,  a  post-borough  in  Hanover  township, 
Luierue  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Lohigh  Valley  Kailroud,  and  on 
the  Nantiooke  Branch  of  tlio  Lebigh  &,  Susquehanna  Rail- 
road, 6  miles  S.W.  of  Williosbarro.  It  is  in  the  Valley  of 
Wyoming,  and  has  mines  of  ooal,  6  cburobas,  and  a  oar- 
•hop.     Pop.  in  1880,  1582. 

Sugar  Pine,  u  post-village  of  Tuolumne  oo.,  Cal.,  40 
miles  E.  of  Milton.    It  bos  2  quartz-mills  and  4  saw-mills. 

Sugar  Ilidgc,  a  township  of  Clay  oo.,  Ind.  Pop.  1140. 

Sugar  llivcr,  of  Sullivan  oo.,  N.IL,  runs  nearly  south- 
westward,  and  enters  the  Conneotiout  River  about  3  miles 
S.E.  of  Ascutney  Mountain,  Vermont. 

Sugar  River  rises  in  Dane  oo..  Wis.,  runs  in  a  S.S.E. 
direction,  intersects  Qreen  co.,  and  enters  the  Peoatonioa 
iliver  in  Winnebago  co..  III.,  about  8  miles  from  its  mouth. 
It  is  nearly  70  miles  long. 

Sugar  Run,  a  post-village  in  Wilmot  township,  Brad- 
ford CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  18  miles  below 
Towanda,  and  1  mile  from  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad.  It 
has  a  grist-mill,  a  lumber-mill,  and  3  stores.     Pop.  200. 

Sugartown,  shddg'ar-tSwn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calcasieu 
parish,  La.,  about  50  miles  S.W.  oi  Alexandria.  It  has  2 
eburches. 

Sugartown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  oo.,  Pa.,  3  miles 
S.  of  Malvern  Station,  and  about  20  miles  W.  of  Phila- 
delphia.    It  has  a  carriage-shop. 

Sugar  Tree,  a  post-office  of  Guernsey  co.,  0. 

Sugar  Tree,  a  post-office  of  Decatur  co.,  Tenn. 

Sugar  Tree  Bottom,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  Mo. 
Pop.  2 1 86. 

Sugar  Tree  Ridge,  a  post-hamlct  of  Highland  co., 
O.,  10  miles  S.  uf  Hillsborough.    Near  it  are  2  churches. 

Sugar  Tree  Spring,  Taylor  co.,  Ky.  See  Woodville. 

Sugar  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gordon  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Sclma,  Rome  &  Dalton  Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of  Dalton. 

Sugar  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Anderson  co.,  Kansas, 
9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Garnett. 

Sugar  Valley,  a  hamlet  of  Dixon  township,  Preble 
00.,  0.,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Eaton.     It  has  a  church. 

Sugar  Valley,  Clinton  co..  Pa.    See  Logansville. 

Suggs'ville,  a  post- village  of  Clark  co.,  Ala.,  about  80 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Mobile.  It  has  3  churches,  2  academies, 
and  25  families. 

Sughona,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Sookhona. 

Sughra,  soog'ri,  a  seaport  town  of  Southeast  Arabia, 
with  a  fort,  in  lat.  13°  21'  30"  N.,  Ion.  45°  46'  E. 

Sugulmessa,  a  town  of  Morocco.     See  Segelhesa. 

Suharan,  or  Sudharamnagar.    See  Noakbally. 

Suharunporc,  a  town  of  India.     See  Sehauunpoor. 

Suhawar,  Sahawar,  siih'ha-war',  or  Sehawar, 
g^h^ha-war',  a  town  of  India,  division  and  65  miles  N.E. 
of  Agra.     Pop.  5156. 

Suhespoor,  or  Sahaspoor,  suh^has-poor',  a  town  of 
India,  district  and  28  miles  S.E.  of  Bijnaur.     Pop.  6309. 

Suheswan,  or  Sahaswan,  sah'has-w&n',  a  town  of 
India,  near  the  Ganges,  district  and  25  miles  W.  of  Bu- 
daon.     Pop.  17,063. 

Suhl,  sool,  or  Suhia,  soo'ld,  a  town  in  a  detached  district 
of  Prussian  Saxony,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Erfurt.  Pop.  10,512, 
engaged  chiefly  in  iron-  and  steel-works  and  in  manufac- 
tures of  woven  fabrics  and  chemical  products. 

Suhr,  BOOR,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Aargau, 
2  miles  S.E.  of  Aarau.     Pop.  1425. 

Snicille,  a  village  of  Italy.    See  SovicitxE. 

Sui^os,  A  Terra  dos.    Sec  Switzerland. 

Suigaon,  a  state  of  India.     See  Seogaum. 

Sui-Kow,  a  town  of  China.    See  Sooi-Kow. 

Suindinum,  the  ancient  name  of  Le  Mans. 

Suiuus,  supposed  ancient  name  of  the  river  Salino. 

Suippes,  sweep,  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Mame,  on  the  Suippes,  an  affluent  of  the  Aisne,  14  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Chaions.     Pop.  2240. 

Suir,  or  Sure,  shurc,  a  river  of  Ireland,  rises  in  the 
Devil's  Bit  Mountains,  flows  S.  through  the  co.  of  Tippe- 
rary,  and  in  conjunction  with  the  Barrow  expands  into  the 
estuary  of  Waterford  Harbor,  on  the  S.  coast.  Total  course, 
about  100  miles. 

Suira,  or  Suirah,  Morocco.    See  Mogadore. 

Suiscio,  swee'sho,  or  Suisio,  swee'se-o,  a  village  of 
Italy,  7  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Ponte  San  Piotro,  on  the  Adda. 

Suisse,  the  French  name  of  Switzerland. 

Suisun  (soo'e-soon')  Bay,  California,  is  a  portion  of 
Bavigable  water  connected  with  San  Pablo  Bay  by  the  Strait 
of  Carquinez,  and  forms  part  of  the  boundary  between  Contra 
Casta  and  Solano  oos.     Lengthy  12  miles;  breadth,  5  miles. 


All  the  water  drained  from  the  Sierra  Nevada  by  the  Saoi 
mento  and  San  Joaquin  Rivers  passes  through  this  bay. 

Suisun  City,  a  post-village,  cnjiital  of  Solano  oo.  Cn 
is  on  a  navigable  slough,  about  50  miles  N.N.E.  of  S. 
Francinco,  44  miles  S.W.  of  Snoramento,  and  0  milei  N. 
Suisun  Bay.  It  is  on  low,  level  ground  only  a  hm  fc 
above  the  tide-water.  It  bos  a  newspaper  office,  4  church* 
a  bank,  and  a  flour-mill.  Vessels  drawing  8  feet  of  wat 
can  ascend  from  the  bay  to  this  place.     Pop.  in  1880  65 

Su^itland,  a  post-office  of  Prince  George's  co.,  Md. 

Suiza,  Suizo.    See  Switzerland. 

SiOah  Kat,  a  town  of  India.    See  Shoojuadad. 

Siijur,  8oo-HaR',or  Ziyar,  thoo-iiaR',  a  river  of  Spat 
in  Estremadura,  discharges  its  woters  into  the  Guaniai 
about  5  miles  E.  of  Don  Benito.     Length,  100  miles. 

Suk^eet',  Sukheet,  or  Sakit,  sak-eet',  a  town  i 
India,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Minpoorce.     Pop.  5415. 

Suk-el-Jumahh,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  SERHBxr 

Suk-el-Sbuyukh.    See  Sook-kl-Shooyookii. 

Suket,  or  Sukeit,  soo-kat',  one  of  the  SutleJ  hi! 
states  of  India,  attached  to  the  Punjab.  Area,  420  squa 
miles.     Pop.  45,358. 

Sukhona,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Sookhona. 

Suk'kertop^pen,  a  noted  headland  on  the  W.  ooait  ( 
Greenland,  in  lat.  65°  22'  N.,  Ion.  63°  5'  W.  It  giv 
name  to  the  district  which  it  overlooks. 

Suk^kur',  or  Sakkhar,  sSk'kur',  a  town  of  India,  i 
Sinde,  on  the  Indus,  opposite  Rorec.     Pop.  13,318. 

Sukna,  a  town  of  Fezzan.    See  Sockna. 

Suk'tee,  or  Sakti,  suk'tee,  a  native  state  of  Indi 
with  its  centre  near  lat.  21°  52'  N.,  Ion.  82°  52'  E.  Are' 
115  square  miles.     Pop.  8.394. 

Suku-I-Hasir.     See  Soo-Koo-l-Baseer. 

Sukuni-Kaleh,  Russia.     See  SooKHOOM-KALi. 

Sukyt,  soo'kit',  a  small  town  of  the  Punjab,  Jullind>| 
Doab,  between  the  Sutlej  and  Beas  Rivers,  15  miles  N.l' 
of  Belaspoor.  Lat.  31°  32'  N.;  Ion.  76°  62'  E.  It  hi 
numerous  forts  and  strongholds,  and  is  the  capital  of  Suky 
one  of  the  native  Sutlej  states,  having  a  pop.  of  44,180.  i 

Sula,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Soola,  | 

Sul'acoe  (or  Pine  Log)  Creek,  of  Georgia,  flo»| 
into  the  Coosawattee  a  few  miles  from  its  month. 

Snledal,  soo'ld.-dAr,  a  parish,  river,  and  lake  of  Noj 
way,  stift  of  Christiansand,  and  a  village,  48  miles  N.lj 
of  Stavanger,  at  the  W.  extremity  of  the  lake. 

Suleimaneeyah,  or  Suleimaniyah,  899-l&-mi 
nee'yi  or  8iil-&-iii&-nee'y&,  sometimes  written  Sonlei: 
manieh,  a  town  of  Turkish  Koordistan,  73  miles  E.N.li 
of  Kerkook.  It  comprises  1000  houses,  with  several  khai{ 
and  a  well-supplied  bazaar.  Its  vicinity  is  famed  from  ii' 
excellent  breed  of  horses.  | 

Suleiman  (899-li-min')  Mountains,  a  range  in  Eaij 
Afghanistan,  separating  Damaun  from  the  province  of  Sij 
wistan,  Ac,  and  extending  from  lat.  29°  to  33°  40'  Nl 
Ion.  70°  E.  Culminating  point,  the  Tukhti-Suleima 
("throne  of  Solomon").  It  has  an  elevation  of  11,000  fee 
"rhe  sides  of  this  range  are  clothed  with  dense  forests,  an 
it  nowhere  reaches  the  snow-line.  1 

Sulen  (soo'l^n)  Islands,  a  group  off  the  W.  coast  ol 
Norway,  stift  and  45  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bergen. 

Sulgen,  sool'gh§n,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  ol 
Thurgau,  on  the  Thur,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Bischofszell. 

Suli,  Souli,  soo'lee,  or  Sulli,  a  strong  fortress  0 
European  Turkey,  in  Epirus,  on  the  river  Suli,  sanjak  an 
31  miles  S.W.  of  Yanina. 

Sulia,  a  river  of  South  America.    See  Zitlia. 

Sulimana,  Africa.     See  Soolimana. 

Sulina,  Russia.     See  Soolina. 

Sulkea,  sul'ke-a,  a  town  of  Bengal,  on  the  lloogi 
River,  opposite  Calcutta.  It  is  a  populous  northern  subur 
of  Ilowrah,  and  has  brick-works  and  a  large  trade. 

Sul'livan,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Indiana,  border 
ing  on  Illinois,  has  an  area  of  about  435  square  miles.  It ' 
bounded  on  tho  W.  by  the  Wabash  River,  and  is  intcrseclc 
by  Busseron  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearl 
level,  and  is  partly  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  bickon 
sugar-maple,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  India 
corn,  wheat,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  sta])le  products.  _  Ih 
county  has  extensive  beds  of  bituminous  coal.  It  is  intci 
sectcd  by  the  Evansville  <fc  Terre  Haute  Railroad.  Capita 
Sullivan.  Valuation  of  real  and  pergonal  estate,  $8,000,00* 
Pop.  in  1870,  18,453;  in  188C,  20,336. 

Sullivan,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Missouri,  has  a 
area  of  about  675  square  tniJes.  It  is  drained  by  Muscl 
River,  Yellow  Creek,  the  Middle  and  West  Forks  of  Locm 
Creek,  and  the  East  Fork  of  Medicine  Creek,  all  of  whic 
run  southward.   The  surface  is  undulating,  and  extensive! 


SUL 


2555 


SUL 


covered  with  forests  of  hard  timber.    The  soil  is  fertile. 

I  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  wool,  pork,  and  wheat  are 

I  the  staple  products.  It  is  traversed  Dy  the  Burlington  & 
Bouthwestern  Railroad.  Capital,  Milan.  Valuation  of  real 
and  personal  estate,  $4,000,000.     Pop.  in  1870,  11,907,  of 

'whom  11,655  were  Americans;  in  1880,  16,569. 

'  Sullivan,  a  county  of  New  Hampshire,  bordering  on 
Vermont,  has  an  area  of  about  650  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  AV.  by  the  Connecticut  River,  and  is  drained 

■  by  the  Ashuelot  and  Sugar  Rivers.     Lake  Sunapee  touches 

!'  its  eastern  border.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  high  ridges 
or  :iills,  and  forests  of  ash,  oak,  sugar-maple,  elm,  and  other 
trees.    The  soil  is  partly  fertile.     Hay,  butter,  Indian  corn, 

1  potatoes,  maple  sugar,  and  wool  are  the  staple  products. 
The  Connecticut  River  Railroad  passes  along  the  W.  border 
of  this  county.     Capital,  Newport.     Valuation  of  real  and 

[personal  estate,  $14,769,561.    Pop.  in  1870, 18,058,  of  whom 

jl7,043  were  Americans;  in  1880,  18,161. 

[  Snilivan,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  New  York,  bor- 
dering on  Pennsylvania,  has  an  area  of  about  980  square 

[miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  AV.  anS  S.AV.  by  the  Delaware 
River,  and  is  drained  by  the  Mongaup,  Neversink,  Beaver 

(Kill,  and  Shawangunk  Rivers  and  Rondout  Creek.     The 

jsurface  is  hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of 
the  ash,  beech,  birch,  chestnut,  oak,  pine,  and  sugar-maple. 
The  soil  is  mostly  fertile,  and  adapted  to  pasturage.     Hay, 

(butter,  cattle,  oats,  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products. 
Red  sandstone  of  the  Catskill  group  underlies  a  large  part 

'of  the  surface.     The  Erie  Railroad  passes  along  the  S.AV. 

fborder  of  this  county,  which  is  intersected  by  the  New 

(York  &  Oswego  Midland  Railroad  and  the  Delaware  & 

IHudson  Canal.  A  branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad  connects 
Monticello  with  Port  Jervis.  Capital,  Monticello.  Valua- 
tion of  real  and  personal  estate,  $15,076,043.  Pop.  in  1870, 
34,550,  of  whom  28,728  were  Americans;  in  1880,  32,491. 
Sullivan,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Pennsylvania, 
has  an  area  of  about  420  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
Loyalsoek  and  Muncy  Creeks.  The  surface  is  hilly  or 
mountainous,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak, 
3ugar-maple,  hickory,  and  other  trees.  This  county  com- 
prises part  of  the  Alleghany  Mountains.  Hay,  butter, 
Dats,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  Good  coal  is 
found  here.  Capital,  Laporte.  Valuation  of  real  and  per- 
gonal estate,  $2,289,040.  Pop.  in  1870,  6191,  of  whom  5291 
ivere  Americans;  in  1880,  8073.  It  is  partly  intersected 
bj  the  Sullivan  &  Erie  Railroad. 

Sullivan,  a  county  of  East  Tennessee,  bordering  on 
Virginia,  has  an  area  of  about  450  square  miles.  It  is 
Irained  by  the  North  and  South  Forks  of  the  Holston 
River,  which  unite  in  the  W.  part  of  the  county.  The  sur- 
face is  partly  mountainous,  and  nearly  half  of  it  is  covered 
Vith  forests  of  the  ash,  beech,  sugar-maple,  oak,  hickory, 
chestnut,  pine,  &o.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Wheat, 
'ndian  corn,  oats,  pork,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products, 
limestone  and  iron  ore  are  abundant  here.  This  county  is 
ntersected  by  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Rail- 
oad.  Capital,  Blountsville.  Valuation  of  real  and  per- 
onal  estate,  $3,977,109.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,136,  of  whom 
^3,119  were  Americans;  in  1880,  18,821. 
I  Sullivan,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Moultrie  oo..  111., 
|n  Sullivan  township,  on  the  Chicago  <fe  Paducah  Railroad 
ivhere  it  crosses  the  Decatur,  Mattoon  &  Southern  Railroad, 
15  miles  S.E.  of  Decatur,  and  14  miles  N.W.  of  Mattoon. 
t  has  3  churches,  2  banks,  2  flouring-mills,  a  woollen-mill, 
.nd  a  graded  school.  Two  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
lere.     Pop.  in  1880,  1305 ;  of  the  township,  3689. 

Snilivan,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Sullivan  co.,  Ind., 
n  Hamilton  township,  on  the  Evansville  &  Terre  Haute 
[lailroad,  26  miles  S.  of  Terre  Haute,  and  32  miles  N.  by 
1..  of  Vincennes.  It  has  a  court-house,  5  churches,  a 
lational  bank,  1  other  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  an 
'.cademy.     Pop.  in  1880,  2121. 

■  Sullivan,  a  post-village  in  Sullivan  township,  Hancock 
o..  Me.,  on  Frenchman's  Bay,  13  miles  E.  of  Ellsworth, 
nd  about  40  miles  S.E.  of  Bangor.  Here  are  granite- 
uarries  and  a  silver-mine.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1023. 
Sullivan,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
^t.  Louis  &  San  Francisco  Railroad,  70^  miles  W.S.W.  of 
it.  Louis,  and  about  2  miles  W.  of  the  Maramco  River.  It 
'as  a  masonic  hall.  Pop.  about  300. 
•  Sullivan,  a  post-township  of  Cheshire  co.,  N.H.,  7 
liles  N.N.B.  of  Keene.     Pop.  347. 

Sullivan,  a  township  of  Madison  CO.,  N.Y.  Pop.  4921. 
t  contains  Chittonango  and  Canaseraga. 

Snilivan,  a  post-township  of  Ashland  co.,  0.,  about  24 
'liles  N.W.  of  Wooster,  and  20  miles  S.  of  Oberlin.  The 
ownship  has  3  churches.     Pop.  825.     . 


Snilivan,  a  post-township  of  Tioga  co.,  Pa.,  about  25 
miles  S.S.AV.  of  Elmira,  N.Y.     Pop.  1637. 

Sullivan,  a  township  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  2132. 

Sullivan,  a  post-township  of  Jefferson  co.,  Wis.,  on 
both  sides  of  Bark  River,  about  34  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Mil- 
waukee.    Pop.  1483.     It  contains  the  village  of  Rome. 

Sul'livan,  or  Williamsford,  a  post-village  in  Grey 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  Toronto,  Grey  &  Bruce  Railway,  14 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Owen  Sound.  It  contains  2  saw-mills,  a 
flouring-mill,  a  woollen-factory,  a  shingle-mill,  and  a  manu- 
factory of  agricultural  implements.     Pop.  170. 

Sullivan  Centre,  a  hamlet  in  Sullivan  township,  Liv- 
ingston CO.,  111.,  18  miles  E.  of  ?ontiac.     It  has  a  church. 

Sullivan  Cove  is  a  bay  of  the  Derwent  River,  Tas- 
mania, on  which  Ilobart  Town  is  situated. 

Sullivan's  Island,  South  Carolina,  is  in  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  about  7  miles  E.  of  Charleston.  It  is  separated 
from  the  mainland  by  a  narrow  channel.  Fort  Moultrie, 
erected  on  this  island,  commands  the  entrance  of  Charleston 
harbor. 

Sul'Iivant,  a  township  of  Ford  co..  III.    Pop.  141. 

Snl'livanville,  a  post-village  in  Veteran  township, 
Chemung  co.,  N.Y.,  about  9  miles  N.  of  Elmira.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  157. 

Sully,  sUriee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loiret,  on  the 
Loire,  24  miles  E.S.E.  of  Orleans.     Pop.  1980. 

Sul'ly,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Dakota,  is 
bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Missouri  River.  Area,  about 
1100  square  miles.     Capital,  Fort  Sully.     P.  in  1880,  296. 

Sulmirschiitz,  sSol'mecr-shiits',  written  also  Sul- 
mierszyce,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  of  Posen,  11 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Ostrowo.     Pop.  2849. 

Sulmona,  sool-mo'nl,  or  Solmona  (anc.  Snl'mo),  a 
town  of  Italy,  province  of  Aquila,  in  a  fertile  plain  be- 
tween two  head-streams  of  the  Aterno,  34  miles  S.E.  of 
Aquila.  Pop.  12,583.  It  has  a  cathedral,  and  manufac- 
tures of  paper,  shell-goods,  confectionery,  and  leather. 

Sulphur,  Henry  co.,  Ky.    See  Sulphur  Fork. 

Sulphur  Bank,  California.    See  Eastlake. 

Sulphur  Blutf,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hopkins  co.,  Tex.,  20 
miles  N.E.  of  Sulphur  Springs,  and  about  75  miles  N.W. 
of  Jefferson.     It  has  2  churches. 

Sulphur  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Colusa  co.,  Cal. 

Sulphur  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Lafayette  co..  Ark.,  on 
Sulphur  Fork  of  Red  River,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Texarkana. 

Sulphur  Fork,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Louisville  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  at  Sulphur  Station, 
36  miles  N.E.  of  Louisville.  It  has  2  churches,  an  acad- 
emy, and  10  stores. 

Sulphur  Fork  of  Red  River  rises  in  the  N.E.  part 
of  Texas,  drains  parts  of  Fannin,  Delta,  and  Lamar  cos., 
runs  eastward,  forms  the  boundary  between  Titus,  Morris, 
and  Cass  cos.  on  the  right  and  Red  River  and  Bowie  cos.  on 
the  left,  and  enters  the  Red  River  in  Miller  co..  Ark.  It 
is  nearly  200  miles  long. 

Sulphur  Glen,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co.,  111. 

Sulphur  Hill,  Shelby  co.,  Ind.    See  Ge.veva. 

Sulphur  Island,  East  Sea,  N.  of  the  Loo-Choo  Islands. 
Lat.  27°  56'  N.:  Ion.  128°  30'  E. 

Sulphur  Island,  North  Pacific,  Volcano  group,  S.  of 
the  Bonin  Islands.     Lat.  24°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  141°  20'  E. 

Sulphur  Island,  an  island  of  Japan,  in  Van  Diemen's 
Strait,  off  the  coast  of  Kioo-Sioo.  Lat.  30°  43'  N. ;  Ion. 
130°  17'  E. 

Sulphur  Lick,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Ky. 

Sulphur  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Independence  co., 
Ark.,  about  10  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Batesville.  It  has  an 
academy. 

Sulphur  Spring,  a  station  of  the  Baltimore  &  Poto 
mac  Railroad.  7i  miles  S.S.W.  of  Baltimore,  Md. 

Sulphur  Spring,  Crawford  co.,  0.    See  Annapolis. 

Sulphur  Springs,  a  hamlet  of  Calhoun  co.,  Ala.,  14 
miles  N.  of  Mjinford.  It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  and  a 
sulphur  spring.     Here  is  Bruner  Post-Office. 

Sulphur  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Benton  co..  Ark. 

Sulphur  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Nevada  co.,  Cal. 

Sulphur  Springs,  Ga.   See  White  Sulphur  Springs. 

Sulphur  Springs,  a  station  in  Dade  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Alabama  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  31  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chat- 
tanooga.    Here  is  Smith  Post-Office. 

Sulphur  Springs,  a  township  of  Johnson  co..  111. 
Pop.  1197. 

Sulphur  Springs,  township,  Morgan  co..  111.   P.  627. 

Sulphur  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Williamson  co., 
111.,  about  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Carbondale.     It  has  a  church. 

Sulphur  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Ind., 
in  Jefferson  township,  on  the  Cincinnati  &  Chicago  Air- 


SUL 


2556 


SUM 


Lino  Railroad,  7  miles  N.N.W.  of  New  Castle.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  246. 

Sulphur  Springs,  a  post-hainlot  of  Buena  Vista  co., 
Iowa,  in  Providence  townsnip,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Kail- 
road.     It  has  a  church. 

Sulphur  Springs,  a  post-hamlct  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas, 
20  luiles  W.N.W.  of  Clay  Centre.     It  has  mineral  springs. 

Sulphur  Springs,  Kentucky.    See  Esculapia. 

Sulphur  Springs,  a  post-hamlot  of  Ohio  co.,  Ky.,  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Hartford. 

Sulphur  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co., 
Miss.,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Canton.     It  has  a  church. 

Sulphur  Springs.  ^See  SoLrnuK  Springs  Landi.vo. 

Sulphur  Springs,  a  station  of  the  Missouri  Pacific 
Railroad,  21  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Sulphur  Springs,  a  township  of  Cleveland  oo.,  N.C. 
Pop.  1222. 

Sulphur  Springs,  post-office,  Montgomery  oo.,  N.C. 

Sulphur  Springs,  a  township  of  Rutherford  co.,  N.C. 
Vop.  967. 

Sulphur  Springs,  a  post-hamlot  of  Douglas  co., 
Oregon,  on  the  Umpqua  River,  60  miles  W.  of  Drain 
Station.     It  has  a  luiubor-mill. 

Sulphur  Springs,  a  station  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad  (Bedford  division),  10  miles  S.W.  of  Bedford,  Pa. 

Sulphur  Springs,  a  hamlet  of  Perry  co..  Pa.,  4  miles 
from  Stcrrett's  Gap. 

Sulphur  Springs,  a  station  of  Hamblen  co.,  Tenn.,on 
the  Cincinnati,  Cumberland  Gap  &  Charleston  Railroad,  4 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Morristown. 

Sulphur  Springs,  a  post-village,  capital  of  ITopkins 
CO.,  Tox.,  on  the  East  Lino  &  Red  River  Railroad,  93  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Jefferson,  and  about  85  miles  E.N.E.  of  Dallas. 
It  has  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  2  banking-houses, 
2  churches,  a  foundry,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  sash, 
doors,  <tc.     Pop.  in  1870,  921 ;  in  1880,  1854. 

Sulphur  Springs  Landing,  a  post-hamlct  of  Jef- 
ferson CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Mississippi  River  and  the  St.  Louis, 
Iron  Mountain  &,  Southern  lltiilroad,  at  Sul|>hur  Springs 
Station,  23  miles  S.  by  W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  mineral  spring. 

Sulphur  Station,  or  Moore's  Landing,  a  post- 
hamlet  of  Bowie  CO.,  Tex.,  on  Sulphur  Fork  of  Red  River, 
and  on  the  Texas  <fc  Pacific  Riiilroad,  43  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Jefferson.     It  has  a  large  lumber-mill  and  a  planing-mill. 

Sulphur  Well,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Tcnn.,  is  at 
Shelby  Depot,  on  the  Louisville  &  Memphis  Railroad,  18 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Memphis. 

Sulphur  Wells,  a  post-office  and  sanitarium  of  Los 
Angeles  co.,  Cal.,  2J  miles  N.  of  Norwalk  Station,  and  14 
miles  S.E.  of  Los  Angeles.    Here  are  moilicinal  springs. 

Sulsique,  sUrseek',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
•Flanders,  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  1020. 

Sultanabad,  sul-tJ.^nil-b&.d',  a  town  of  Persia,  in  Khoo- 
zistan.  near  the  Jerahi,  65  miles  E.N.E.  of  Doorak. 

Sultaneeyah,  Sultaniyah,or  Sultanieh,8ool-t3,- 
nee'a,  a  city  of  Persia,  province  of  Irak-Ajemee,  115  miles 
N.N.E.  of  llamadan,  once  the  capital  of  that  country  under 
the  sovereigns  of  the  race  of  Jenghis  Khan.  It  is  now 
almost  deserted;  but  its  magnificent  ruins  attest  its  former 
glory.    Lat.  about  36°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  48°  30'  E. 

Sultaneeyah  (Sultaniyah,  or  Sultanieh)  His- 
sar,  80ol-t&-nee'a  his^sar',  an  old  castle  of  Asia,  in  Asia 
Minor,  on  the  S.E.  bank  of  the  Hellespont. 

Sultangunge,  or  Sultanganj,  sool-t&n-gunj',  a 
town  of  Bengal,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Ganges,  district  and 
14  miles  by  rail  W.  of  BogHpoor,  with  a  conspicuous  mosque 
and  a  great  Hindoo  temple.  It  is  a  place  of  pilgrimage. 
Pop.  4247.     It  has  a  large. trade. 

Sultan- Hissar,  soort&n-his^sar'  (anc.  Ny'aaf  or 
Tral'les  t),  a  village  of  Asia  Minor,  near  the  Mender,  48 
miles  E.  of  Ayasoolook.  It  has  the  remains  of  a  temple 
and  of  a  theatre. 

Sultani6.    See  Chanak-Kalessi. 

Sultaniyah,  or  Sultanieh.    See  Sultaneeyah. 

Sultan-Meidan,  sulHiln'-mi'd&n',  a  town  of  Persia, 
province  of  Khorassan,  is  45  miles  N.AV.  of  Nishapoor. 

Sultan  Mountain,  a  peak  of  the  San  Juan  Moun- 
tains, in  San  Juan  co.,  Col.,  2  or  3  miles  from  Silverton. 
Its  altitude  is  13,366  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Lat. 
37°  47'  15"  N.;  Ion.  107°  42'  W.  It  is  composed  of  vol- 
canic rocks.    Silver  is  found  near  it. 

SuPtanpoor',  a  district  of  the  North-West  Provinces, 
tndia,  in  Oude,  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Roy  Bareilly  division. 
Area,  1701  square  miles.     Pop.  1,000,336. 

Sultanpoor,  a  town  of  British  India,  dominions  and 
34  miles  S.  of  Oude. 


Suluk  Islands,  Indian  Ocean.    See  Sooixm  Islaiii» 

Sulz,  sSOIta  (Fr.  Soultz,  sooltz),  a  town  of  Aliaoe, 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Colmar.     Pop.  4987. 

Sulz,  sOolts,  a  town  of  Wiirtombcrg,  Black  Forast  - 
the  Nookar,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Oborndorf.  Pop.  1917.  Ne 
it  are  springs  from  which  various  chemicals  are  prepared 

Suiza,  Saze-Weimar.    See  Stadt-Sui.za. 

Sulzbach,  sColts'b&K,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  the  Upp 
Palatinate,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Anibcrg,  on  the  Vils.  Po 
4372.     It  has  a  castle  and  a  Latin  t'cliool. 

Suize,  sSdIt'sfh,  a  town  of  Mccklenburg-Scbuerin, ; 
miles  E.  of  Rostook.     Pop.  2529. 

Sulzmatt,  soolts'm&t  (Fr.  Soultxmatt,  80olts'ml(')i' 
town  of  Alsace,  3  miles  W.  of  Rufach.     Pop.  2303. 

Su'mac,  or  Su'mach,  a  post-office  of  Murray  oo.,Q 

Sumadang,  or  Soemadang,  soo'mfL-d&ng',  a  lar] 
village  in  the  island  of  Java,  province  of  Preauger,  i 
miles  S.E.  of  Batavia. 

Sumanap,  or  Soemannp,  soo'm&^n&p',  the  eatten 
most  division  of  the  island  of  Madura,  reigned  over  by  i 
own  sultan,  but  subject  to  the  Dutch. 

Sumanap,  capital  of  the  above  division,  lies  on  tl 
S.E.  coast,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Maringan,  in  a  large  ba; 
and  near  it  is  a  Dutch  fort,  built  in  1783. 

Su'manville,  a  post-office  of  Porter  co.,  Ind.,  on  tl 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  at  Suman  Station,  44  mil 
E.S.E.  of  Chicago. 

Sumanytown,  Pennsylvania.     See  Sumnevtoww. 

Sumatra,  soo-m&'tra,  the  most  westerly  of  the  Sundl 
Islands,  Malay  Archipelago,  and,  next  to  Borneo  and  Nc 
Guinea,  the  largest  in  the  Eastern  seas,  between  lat.  5°  40'  I 
and  6°  S.  and  Ion.  95°  20'  and  1 06°  E.,  separated  N.E.  fro; 
the  Malay  Peninsula  by  the  Strait  of  Malacca,  having  1 
the  Java  Sea  and  the  Strait  of  Sunda,  separating  it  froi! 
the  island  of  Java,  and  on  other  sides  the  Indian  Ocenif| 
Length,  N.W.  to  S.E.,  1025  miles;  breadth,  60  to  240  milc^ 
Area,  estimated  at  177,000  square  miles;  pop.  vaguely  tj 
from  2,000,000  to  3,000,000,  most  Malays,  but  partly  of  th 
Papuan  negro  race,  with  Moors  in  the  N.W.,  and  Bute 
and  other  foreigners.  The  population  of  the  W.  coast,  ur 
der  the  Dutch,  was  in  1864  1,107,703.  A  uiountain-cbai'| 
of  primitive  formation  extends  from  Point  Acheen  toSund 
Strait,  keeping  near  to  the  W.  coast,  rising,  in  Mount  Ophi 
at  the  equator,  to  13,800  feet;  Bonko,  5400  feet;  Mouni 
Abong-Abong,  7300  feet.  The  range  contains  3  voica 
noes,  and  in  them  are  found  granite,  marble,  syenite,  poi 
phyry,  petroleum,  gold,  copper,  iron,  lignite,  saltpetre,  an  [ 
tin.  Sulphur  is  abundant  in  some  localities.  The  £.  bal 
of  the  island  is  mostly  level  or  undulating,  and  along  th 
coasts  there  are  many  sandy  and  marshy  plains,  traverse ' 
by  the  Siak,  Indrageri,  Jambi,  Palembang,  and  other  rivcr^ 
of  large  size.  Climate  in  the  plains  not  oppressive;  o 
mid-day  the  thermometer  usually  ranges  between  82°  an 
85°,  sometimes  rising  to  88°,  but  at  sunrise  not  more  tha 
70°  Fahr.  Thick  fogs,  thunderstorms,  and  waterspouts  ol 
the  coast  are  frequent.  Much  of  the  island  is  occupied  b; 
dense  forests.  Products  consist  of  rice,  sago,  millet,  cocoa 
nuts,  betel,  sugar-cane,  an  abundance  of  tropical  fruitf 
turmeric,  ginger,  coffee,  rattans,  scented  wood,  teak  and  otbe 
timber,  and  the  European  colonists  successfully  cultivate  th 
vine ;  but  the  principal  articles  of  export  are  pepper  to  abou 
3,000,000  pounds  yearly,  gold-dust,  copper  ore,  sulphur 
and  camphor,  in  the  N. ;  nutmegs,  cloves,  and  mace,  in  th 
Dutch  territory  of  Bencoolen  ;  and  coral,  gutta-percha,  ben 
zoin,  and  tin,  in  Palembang  and  Menancabow,  many  of  whicl 
articles  are  brought  by  natives  from  the  interior  and  bar 
tered  at  the  ports  for  Indian  and  European  uianufacturci 
goods.  Iron,  coal  of  inferior  quality,  and  naphtha  ar 
among  the  mineral  products.  Buffaloes  are  the  most  im 
portant  live-stock  ;  tne  breed  of  horses  is  small,  but  hardy 
swine  and  goats  are  both  domestic  and  wild  ;  the  elephant 
rhinoceros,  tiger,  bear,  deer,  orang-outang,  Ac,  roam  in  th' 
forests,  and  the  hippopotamus  and  crocodile  are  met  with  ii 
the  rivers.  The  inhabitants  build  their  houses  on  posta 
and  adopt  other  usages  of  ultra-Gangetic  nations ;  the' 
manufacture  gold  and  silver  filigree-work  with  great  skill 
also  silk  and  cotton  fabrics,  earthenwares,  arm?,  and  do 
mestic  goods  generally  ;  from  Palembang,  lacquered  ba«in9 
cane  boxes,  and  rattan  mats  of  the  best  quality  are  ex 
ported  to  Singapore ;  and  it  is  said  that  cannon  were  for 
merly  cost  at  Acheen,  in  the  N.W.,  which  territory  is,  bow 
ever,  peopled  by  a  race  of  Moorish  descent.  Exports,  rice 
caoutchouc,  cassia  lignea,  Ac.  Imports,  besides  manufac 
tured  goods  already  mentioned,  are  opium  and  salt,  frou 
India,  coarse  porcelain,  iron-wares,  and  gold  thread,  from 
China,  striped  cottons,  spices,  krises,  and  other  weapons 
from  Java,  Celebes,  and  other  islands  of  the  archipelago 


SUM 


2557 


SUM 


The  island  is  divided  among  a  number  of  native  states,  the 
chief  being  Acheen  and  Menancabow,  in  the  central  moun- 
tain-region ;  Batta,  Siak,  Jambi,  Palembang,  and  Lampong, 
along  the  E.  from  N.  to  S.,  mostly  under  the  supremacy  of 
the  Dutch,  who  possess  Bencoolen  and  Padang,  on  the  \V. 
godst. Adj.  and  inhab.  Sumatran,  soo-mi'tran. 

Sumba,  a  name  of  Sandalwood  Island. 

Sambawa,  soom-baw'wa,  or  Soembawa,  soom-bS.'- 
♦i,  one  of  the  Sunda  Islands,  Malay  Archipelago,  between 
lat.  8°  and  9°  S.  and  Ion.  116°  50'  and  119°  10'  E.,  separated 
W.  from  Lombok  by  the  Strait  of  Allass,  and  E.  from  Comodo 
by  Sapy  Strait.  Length,  160  miles;  breadth,  20  to  60 
miles.  Area,  5362  square  miles.  It  is  nearly  divided  into 
two  portions  by  a  deep  bay  off  its  N.  coast,  having  at  the 
E.  side  of  entrance  the  volcano  of  Tomboro,  9000  feet  high, 
the  eruptions  of  which  have  been  most  violent  and  de- 
structive. Soil  of  great  fertility.  Products  comprise  rice, 
which  is  exported  in  large  quantities,  tobacco,  sapan,  teak, 
and  other  timber,  wax,  edible  birds'-nests,  nitre,  gold-dust, 
pearls,  sulphur,  and  excellent  ponies.  Imports,  opium,  In- 
dian piece-goods,  and  European  manufactures,  chiefly 
brought  to  it  by  the  Dutch,  who  have  a  small  establishment 
at  Bima,  on  a  noble  bay  of  the  N.  coast. 

Sumbawa,  a  town  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  above  island, 
100  miles  W.  of  Bima,  in  lat.  8°  30'  S.,  Ion.  117°  30'  E. 
It  has  a  good  harbor,  and  is  the  residence  of  a  chief,  sub- 
ject to  the  Saltan  of  Bima. 

Sunt^bhul',  or  Sanbhall,  san'bul',  a  town  of  India, 
in  Rohilcund,  50  miles  N.W.  of  Bareilly.     Pop.  46,974. 

Sumbhulpoor,    Sumbulpoor,  or    Sambalpur, 

i'gtlm-bai-poor',  a  district  of  India,  Central  Provinces,  di- 
vided by  the  Mahanuddy.  Lat.  21°-22°  N. ;  Ion.  83°-85°  E. 
It  affords  rice,  wheat,  sugar,  teak,  and  diamonds.  Area, 
4407  square  miles.     Capital,  Sumbhulpoor.    Pop.  523,034. 

Sumbhulpoor,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  a  district, 
on  the  Mahanuddy,  143  miles  W.  of  Cuttack.    Pop.  11,020. 

Sumburgh  (sum'bur-riih)  Head,  a  promontory  of  the 
Orkney  Islands,  the  S.  point  of  Pomona. 

Siimegh,  shoo^mSg',  Samogy,  s6h^m5g'9,  or  Som- 
Ogy,  som'og'e,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  of  Hungary,  bounded 
3.AV.  by  the  river  Drave,  and  N.W.  by  Balatony  Lake. 
Area,  2512  square  miles.  Capital,  Kaposvar.  Pop.  287,555. 
,  Stimegh,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Szalad,  17  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Keszthely.     Pop.  4491. 

I  Sumeisat,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey.  See  Someisat. 
'  Snmene,  sU^maln',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gard,  5  miles 
E.  of  Le  Vigan.     Pop.  1972. 

Sumerset,  Miami  co.,  Kansas.  See  Somehset. 
,  Samidouro,  80o-me-d8'ro  ("  abyss"),  a  river  of  Brazil, 
ises  in  the  province  of  Matto-Grosso,  flows  N.,  and  joins 
he  Arinos  about  200  miles  above  the  confluence  of  the 
atter  with  the  Tapajos.  It  plunges  at  one  part  of  its  course 
iUto  a  deep  pool,  pursues  its  course  under  ground,  and  after- 
Vards  reappears. 

Sumtswald,  soo'mis-Mlt\orSummiswald,so6m'- 
ais-<v4lt\  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  15  miles 
^.N.E.  of  Bern.     Pop.  5550. 

.  Sum'mer  Dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chautauqua  co., 
jl.Y.,  on  the  Chautauqua  Lake  Railroad,  29  miles  S.  by  W. 
;f  Dunkirk.     It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese- factory. 

■  Sum'merdean,  a  post-hamlet  of  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  4 
niles  from  Elizabeth  Furnace  Station.  It  has  a  flour-mill. 
•■  Suin'merfield,  a  post-village  of  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  8i 
liles  N.N.W.  of  Selma.  It  contains  the  Centenary  Female 
"College  (Methodist  Episcopal),  a  church,  3  stores,  and  an 

cademy.     Pop.  about  500. 

Summerfield,  a  post-village  of  St.  Clair  co.,  111.,  on 
ho  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  26  miles  E.  of  St.  Louis, 
nd  3  miles  E.  of  Lebanon.  It  has  4  churches,  a  money- 
jder  post-ofiice,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  public  school.  Pop.  770. 

Summerfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Claiborne  parish.  La., 
,0  miles  N.W.  of  Monroe.  It  has  3  churches  and  an 
cadcm}'. 

Summerfield,  a  township  of  Clare  co.,  Mich.    P.  134. 

Summerfield,  township,  Monroe  co.,  Mich.     P.  1648. 

Summerfield,  a  post-village  of  Guilford  co.,  N.C.,  12 
liles  N.N.W.  of  Greensborough.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high 
ihool,  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Summerfield,  a  post-village  in  Marion  township, 
Toble  CO.,  0.,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Marietta.  It  has  an 
cademy  and  2  churches.     Pop.  470. 

■  Summerfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grayson  co.,  Va.,  IS 
iiles  S.  of  Crockett  Depot.     It  has  a  church. 

I  Sum'merford,  or  Somerford,  sum'^r-fprd,  a  post- 
,amlct  of  Aladison  co.,  0.,  in  a  township  of  its  own  name, 
ii  miles  N.  of  London,  and  about  28  miles  W.  of  Columbus. 
I  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  935. 


Sum'mer  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  in  Atlas  township.  Pike 
CO.,  111.,  about  38  miles  S.E.  of  Quincy.     It  has  2  churches. 

Summer  Hill,  a  post-oflBce  of  Douglas  co.,  Neb. 

Summer  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  in  Summer  Hill  town- 
ship, Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  about  25  miles  S.S.E.  of  Auburn. 
The  township  has  5  churches  and  a  pop.  of  1002. 

Summer  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Croyle  township,  Cam- 
bria CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  27  miles  S.AV. 
of  Altoona.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  and  2  steam 
saw-mills.     Pop.  about  400. 

Sum'merhill,  township,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.     P.  1232. 

Summer  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co..  New 
Brunswick,  13  miles  from  Gagctown.     Pop.  100. 

Summer  Islands,  a  group  of  30  islands  at  the  en- 
trance of  Loch  Broom,  Scotland,  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  co. 
of  Ross  and  Cromarty.  Only  the  largest,  Tanera-More,  about 
2  miles  in  length  and  1  inile  in  breadth,  is  inhabited. 

Summer  Lake,  a  post-ofiice  and  lake  of  Lake  co., 
Oregon.  The  lake  is  15  miles  long  and  6  miles  wide,  in 
lat.  about  42°  40'  N.,  Ion.  120°  40'  W. 

Sum'mers,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  West  Virginia, 
is  intersected  by  the  Greenbrier  River  and  the  New  or 
Kanawha  River.  The  surface  is  mountainous  or  hilly. 
The  soil  in  some  parts  is  fertile.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Ches- 
apeake <t  Ohio  Railroad.     Capital,  Hinton.     P.  (1880)  9033. 

Summers,  a  township  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  760. 

Summers,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockbridge  co.,  Va.,  8 
miles  S.AV.  of  Lexington.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw- 
mill. 

Sum'merset,  a  township  of  Saline  co..  111.     Pop.  800. 

Summerset,  a  township  of  Adair  co.,  Iowa.    P.  1080. 

Summerset,  or  Somerset,  sum'^r-set,  a  post-vil- 
lage of  Warren  co.,  Iowa,  on  Middle  River,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  two  branches  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacifio 
Railroad,  16  miles  S.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  a  flour-mill, 
a  saw-mill,  3  stores,  and  valuable  coal-mines. 

Summer  Shade,  a  post-ofiice  of  Metcalfe  co.,  Ky. 

Sum 'merside,  a  seaport  town  of  Prince  Ed  ward  Island, 
capital  of  Prince  co.,  on  Bedeque  Bay,  and  on  the  Prince 
Edward  Island  Railway,  40  miles  N.W.  of  Charlottetown, 
and  45  miles  N.E.  of  Shediac.  It  has  an  excellent  har- 
bor, with  anchorage  for  the  largest  vessels,  7  churches,  a 
bank,  2  newspaper  ofiices,  a  public  hall,  m.irket,  convent 
and  schools,  a  grist-mill,  3  saw-mills,  a  planing-mill,  a 
cabinet-factory,  12  hotels,  and  28  stores.  Ship-building  is 
carried  on,  and  eggs,  potatoes,  oysters,  sheep,  horses,  and  oats 
are  extensively  exported.  Summerside  has  daily  commu- 
nication in  summer,  by  steamer,  with  Nova  Scotia  and 
New  Brunswick.  In  Bedeque  Bay,  opposite  the  town,  is  a 
beautiful  island,  on  which  has  been  erected  a  fine  hotel 
capable  of  accommodating  600  guests.  A  steam  ferry  runs 
between  the  island  and  the  town.     Pop.  2000. 

Sum'merson,  a  station  in  Elk  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Low 
Grade  division  of  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  15  miles 
W.  of  Driftwood. 

Summers's,  township,  Caldwell  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1353. 

Sum'merstown,  a  post-village  in  Glengarry  co.,  On- 
tario, on  the  river  St.  Lawrence.  6  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Lan- 
caster.    Pop.  100. 

Sum'mersville,  a  post-ofiice  of  Green  co.,  Ky. 

Sumniersville,  a  hamlet  of  Noxubee  co.,  Miss.,  9 
miles  E.  of  Shuqualak.     It  has  2  churches. 

Summersviile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Texas  co..  Mo.,  about 
60  miles  S.  of  Rolla.     It  has  2  churches. 

Summersviile,  W.  Va.    See  Nicholas  Court-Hottse. 

Sum'merton,  a  hamlet  of  Gratiot  co.,  Mich.,  in  Pino 
River  township,  about  10  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Sum'mertown,  a  post-village  of  Emanuel  co.,  Ga.,  5 
miles  from  Midville  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  lumber  and  turpentine. 

SummertoAvn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Tenn., 
20  miles  S.W.  of  Columbia. 

Sum'merville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calhoun  co..  Ark.,  7 
miles  W.  of  Hampton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Summcrville,  a  mining-camp  of  Tuolumne  co.,  Cal., 
10  miles  E.  of  Sonora.     It  has  a  church  and  a  gold-mine. 

Summerville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Chattooga  co., 
Ga.,  is  in  a  fertile  valley,  25  miles  N.N.W.  of  Rome,  and 
45  miles  S.  of  Chattanooga.  It  has  a  court-house,  4 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  340. 

Summerville,  a  village  and  summer  resort  of  Rich- 
mond CO.,  Ga.,  2i  miles  by  street-railway  W.  of  August.i. 
It  contains  3  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  United  States 
arsenal. 

Summerville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Peoria  co.,  111.,  12 
miles  W.  of  Peoria.     It  has  a  church. 

Summerville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Fokagon  township. 


SUM 


2558 


SUM 


Cam  CO.,  Mioh.,  on  the  Dowagiao  River,  nnd  on  the  Miohi- 

r.n  Central  Railroad,  6  or  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Nilea.  It  has 
churches,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  1S4. 

Sammcrville  (GhoUon  Post-Offloe),  a  village  of  Nox- 
ubee 00.,  Misa.,  about  44  miles  S.S.W.  of  Columbus.  It  has 
2  cburohcs. 

Summerville^  a  Tillage  of  Ilarnett  oo.,  N.C.,  22  miles 
£.  of  Joncsborough.     It  bos  2  churches. 

Summerville,  a  hamlet  of  Union  oo.,  0.,  in  York 
township,  5  miles  N.  of  ISroadway  Station.  It  has  2 
churches.     Hero  is  Soke's  Creek  Post-Oflice. 

Summerville,  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  Oregon, 
near  the  Grande  llonde  River,  about  16  miles  N.  oi  La 
Grande.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-  and  saw-mill. 

Siimmerville,  Jefferson  co..  Pa.    See  Tnor. 

Summorville*  a  post-village  and  health-resort  of 
Charleston  co.,  S.C.,  on  the  South  Carolina  Railroad,  22 
miles  N.W.  of  Charleston.  It  has  3  churohos,  a  hotel,  and 
several  boarding-houses.  It  has  a  mild  winter  climate, 
and  is  a  winter  resort  for  invalids. 

Summerville,  a  village  of  Travis  co.,  Tex.,  9  miles 
N.  of  Austin,  and  1  mile  from  Duval  Station. 

Summervillet  a  post-village  in  Antigonish  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  27  miles  from  New  Glasgow.     It  has  a  tannery. 

Summerville,  a  post-village  in  Hants  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
on  Minas  Basin,  12  miles  from  Newport.     Pop.  150. 

Summerville,  a  post-village  in  Peel  co.,  Ontario,  4i 
miles  N.W.  of  Mimico.     Pop.  100. 

Summiswald,  Switzerland.     See  Sumiswald. 

Sum'mit)  a  countj  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  Col- 
orado, comprises  part  of  the  Middle  Park.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Blue  and  Williams  Rivers  and  other  affluents  of  the 
Grand  River.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  and  partly 
covered  with  forests  of  fir  and  pine.  Among  the  highest 
peaks  of  this  county  are  Gray's  Peak,  Torrey's  Peak,  and 
Mount  Holy  Cross.  Gold,  silver,  granite,  limestone,  and 
other  minerals  are  found  in  it.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile. 
Capital,  Breckenridge.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate, 
1136,313.    Pop.  in  1870,258;  in  1880,  5459. 

Summit^  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an 
area  of  about  420  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Cuyahoga  River,  which  runs  northward,  and  also  drained 
by  the  Tuscarawas  River,  which  runs  southward.  The 
former  river  runs  in  a  narrow  valley  or  gorge  more  than 
300  feet  deep.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level, 
is  diversified  with  numerous  little  lakes,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  oak,  sugar-maple,  elm,  and 
other  trees.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
cats,  hay,  butter,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  has  quarries  of  sandstone  (a  good  material  for  build- 
ing), and  an  abundance  of  bituminous  coal  and  fire-clay.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Ohio  Canal  and  by  3  railroads, — the 
Atlantic  &  Great  Western,  the  Cleveland  &  Pittsburg,  and 
the  Cleveland,  Mt.  Vernon  &  Columbus.  Capital,  Akron. 
Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $39,661,650.  Pop. 
in  1870,  34,674;  in  1880,  43,788. 

Summit,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Utah,  has  an  area 
of  about  1250  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Bear  and 
Weber  Rivers.  The  surface  is  mountainous  and  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees,  and 
jiresentfi  grand  scenery,  especially  at  Echo  CaFion.  This 
county  is  partly  occupied  by  the  AVahsatoh  Mountains,  which 
are  here  about  12,000  feet  high.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is 
fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  barley,  hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple 
products.  Among  its  mineral  resources  are  tertiary  coal 
and  limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Union  Pacific 
Railroad.  CapiUil,  Coalville.  Valuation  of  real  and  per- 
sonal estate,  $263,592.  Pop.  in  1870,  2512,  of  whom  1448 
were  Americans;  in  1880,  4921. 

Summit,  a  small  post-hamlet  of  Blount  co.,  Ala.,  about 
40  miles  S.  of  Huntsville.     It  has  a  church. 

Summit,  a  station  in  Butler  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Mobile  & 
Montgomery  Railroad,  3fi  miles  S.S.W.  of  Montgomery. 

Summit,  a  station  in  Marin  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  North 
Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  San  Francisco. 

Summit,  Nevada  co.,  Cal.,  a  station  on  the  Central  Pa- 
cific Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Lake  Tahoe  Railroad, 
105  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sacramento.  It  is  on  the  Sierra  Ne- 
vada, about  7000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Summit,  a  post-village  of  Plumas  co.,  Cal.,  near  Beck- 
worth's  Pass,  in  the  Sierra  Nevada,  about  70  miles  N.E.  of 
Nevada  City. 

Summit,  a  station  in  Arapahoe  co..  Col.,  on  the  Colorado 
Central  Railroad,  4  miles  AV.  of  Denver. 

Summit,  a  post-office  of  Rio  Grande  co.,  Col. 

Summit,  a  station  in  Fairfield  oo..  Conn.,  on  the  Nau- 
f^atuck  Railroad,  8^  miles  N.  of  BridgeporW 


Summit,  a  station  in  Litchfield  co,,Conn.,  on  theCoi 
nectiout  Western  Railroad,  about  45  miles  W.  of  llartforr 

Summit,  a  i>oat-villngo  in  Lyons  township,  Cuuk  ce 
111.,  on  the  Dcs  Plaines  lUver,  and  on  the  Chicago  i  AItu 
Railroad,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  2  cbur«he 
and  manufactures  of  railroad  machinery  and  lime. 

Summit,  a  township  of  EQingham  co..  III.    I'op.  143: 

Summit,  a  station  of  Knox  co..  111.    See  Doiglab. 

Summit,  a  station  of  the  JotVersonville,  Matliaon  . 
Indianapolis  Railroad,  5i  miles  S.  of  Scottsburg,  Ind. 

Summit,  a  post-hamlct  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind.,  on  th 
Fort  Wayne.  Jackson  &  Saginaw  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  o 
Waterloo.     It  has  a  church  and  a  brick-yard. 

Summit,  a  station  in  Hendricks  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  St 
Louis,  Vandalia  &  Terre  Ilauto  Railroivd,  21  miles  W.o' 
Indianapolis. 

Summit,  Henry  co.,  Ind.    See  Mouxt  Summit. 

Summit,  a  township  of  Adair  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  643. 

Summit,  a  ])o.st-hamlet  of  Clay  eo.,  Iowa,  on  or  nea 
the  Little  Sioux  River,  5  miles  W.  of  Spencer.  Pop.  o 
Summit  township,  273. 

Summit,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  16IG 

Summit,  Muscatine  co.,  Iowa.    See  Summit  Ridob, 

Summit,  a  township  of  O'Brien  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  74 
It  contains  Pringhar. 

Summit,  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa.    See  Mount  Zion, 

Summit,  a  township  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  500, 

Summit,  a  post-hamlct  of  Leavenworth  co.,  Kansas, oi 
the  Leavenworth  Branch  of  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  1 
miles  N.E.  of  Lawrence. 

Summit,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  204 

Summit,  a  post-oSice  of  Hardin  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Pa 
ducah  &  Elizabetbtown  Railroad,  55i  miles  S.S.W.  o 
Louisville. 

Summit,  Grand  Traverse  co.,  Mich.    See  Summit  City 

Summit,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  9U7 

Summit,  a  township  of  Mason  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  271, 

Summit,  a  hamlet  of  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  De' 
troit,  Lansing  &  Lake  Michigan  Railroad,  at  Salem  Stationj 
29  miles  AV.  by  N.  of  Detroit. 

Summit,  a  township  of  Steele  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  406. 

Summit,  a  post-villnge  of  Pike  co..  Miss.,  on  the  Netj 
Orleans,  Jackson  A  Great  Northern  Railroad,  108  miles  N 
by  AV.  of  New  Orleans,  and  75  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Jack^n 
It  has  2  new8])aper  offices,  the  Peabody  Free  School,  : 
money-order  post-office,  5  churches,  and  manufactures  oil 
wagons,  ploughs,  &.C.     Pop.  in  1880,  1604.  [ 

Summit,  a  post-office  of  Barton  co.,  Mo.  j 

Summit,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Montana,  abou ' 
12  miles  S.S.E.  of  A'irginia  City. 

Summit,  a  station  in  Eureka  co.,  Nevada,  on  thi 
Eureka  &  Palisade  Railroad,  27  miles  N.  of  Eureka.  | 

Summit,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  in  Summii 
township.  Union  co.,  N.J. ,  on  the  Morris  &  Essex  Kailrosd 
at  its  junction  with  the  New  Jersey  AVest  Line  Railroad,  li 
miles  AV.  of  Newark,  and  9  miles  S.E.  of  Morristowu.  I 
is  on  a  ridge  called  the  Second  Mountain,  contains  a  gooc 
hotel,  the  Summit  Institute  (for  both  sexes),  4  churches,  i, 
or  3  large  summer  boarding-bouses,  and  a  carriage-factory  i 
Pop.  in  1880,  1011. 

Summit,  a  station  in  Broome  eo.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Ern 
Railroad,  7  miles  AV.S.AA^  of  Deposit. 

Summit,  a  station  in  Chenango  eo.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New 
York  &  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  13  miles  S.  of  Norwich. 

Summit,  a  station  of  the  Ulster  &  Delaware  Railroad, 
41  miles  AV.N.AA\  of  Rondout,  N.Y. 

Summit,  a  post-village  in  Summit  township,  Schoharie 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  a  high  ridge  2200  feet  above  tide,  about  43 
miles  AV.  by  S.  of  Albany,  and  22  miles  E.S.E.  of  Coopers- 
town.  It  has  2  churches  and  several  carriage-factories. 
Pop.  about  300 ;  of  the  township,  1467. 

Summit,  Washington  co.,  N.Y.    See  Fly  Summit. 

Summit,  a  station  in  Halifax  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  Raleign 
&  Gaston  Railroad,  15  miles  AV.  of  AVeldon. 

Summit,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  0.     Pop.  970. 

Summit,  a  post-office  of  Summit  co.,  0. 

Summit,  a  post-office  of  Benton  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Coiist  Range,  32  miles  AV.  of  Albany. 

Summit,  a  station  in  Clackamas  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Oregon  Central  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Portland. 

Summit,  a  township  of  Butler  eo..  Pa.     Pop.  1.304. 

Summit,  or  Sum'mitville,  a  post-village  of  Cam- 
bria CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  summit  of  the  Alleghany  Mountain,  I 
mile  from  Cresson  Station  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad.  It 
has  a  church,  a  hotel,  and  several  boarding-houses.    P.  L'- 

Summit,  a  station  in  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Tyrone  i 
Clearfield  Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  Tyrone. 


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Summit)  a  station  in  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Low 
Grade  division  of  the  Alleghany  Railroad,  30  miles  E,  of 
Brookville. 

■    Summit,  a  station  in  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Erie  & 
jPittsburg  Railroad,  .3i  miles  S.  of  Conneautville. 
r  Summit,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1034. 
!    Summit,  a  township  of  Erie  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1047. 

Summit,  a  station  in  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh 
t  Susquehanna  Railroad,  20  miles  S.  of  Wilkesbarre. 

Summit,  a  township  of  Potter  co,,  Pa.     Pop.  145. 

Summit,  a  township  of  Somerset  co..  Pa.      Pop.  1493. 

Summit,  a  station  in  Tioga  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Tioga  & 
Slmira  Railroad,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Elmira,  N.Y. 

Summit,  a  station  in  Venango  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Franklin 
branch  of  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of 
Franklin. 

Summit,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  R.I.,  on  the  New 
oik  &  New  England  Railroad,  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Provi- 
B.   It  has  a  church,  3  stores,  and  a  lumber-mill.    P.  68. 

Summit,  a  station  of  the  Charlotte,  Columbia  &  Au- 
gusta Railroad,  is  at  Summit  Point,  S.C, 

Summit,  a  station  in  Harris  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Qalves- 
Ilouston   <fc   Henderson   Railroad,   15.  miles  S.E.  of 
tlouston. 

Summit,  a  post-hamlet  of  Iron  co.,  Utah,  about  56 
iiilos  N.E.  of  St.  George. 

I  Summit,  a  station  in  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Pas- 
iumpsic  Railroad,  23  miles  N.  of  St.  Johnsbury. 
j  Summit,  a  station  in  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Central 
Vermont  Railroad  (Rutland  division),  IS  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Jutland. 

Summit,  a  station  in  Chesterfield  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
'lover  Hill  Railroad,  3  miles  from  Clover  Hill. 

!  Summit,  a  station  in  New  Kent  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Rioh- 
ond,  York  River  <fc  Chesapeake  Railroad,  15  miles  E.  of 
ichmond. 
Summit,  a  post-office  of  Spottsylvania  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
ichmond,  Fredericksburg  &  Potomac  Railroad,  53  miles 
.  of  Richmond. 

[  Summit,  a  post-office  of  Chehalis  co.,  Washington. 
f  Summit,  a  township  of  Juneau  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  970. 
Summit,  a  station  in  Monroe  co.,  AVis.,  on  the  Chicago 
Northwestern  Railroad,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Sparta. 
'  Summit,  a  township  of  Waukesha  co.,  Wis.     P.  1159. 
Summit,  a  station  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  7 
iles  W.  of  Rawlins,  Wyoming. 

Summit  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  New  Castle  co., 
el.,  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Delaware  Canal,  about  18  miles 
IW.  of  Wilmington. 

Summit  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waukesha  co..  Wis., 
1  Summit  township,  about  32  miles  W.  of  Milwaukee,  and 
I  miles  S.  of  Oconomowoc  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

! Summit  City,  a  post-office  of  Grand  Traverse  co., 
ich.,  on  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad,  19  miles 
S.E.  of  Traverse  City. 
Summit  City,  a  village  of  McKean  co..  Pa.,  in  Otto 
wnship,  on  the  Kendall  &  Eldred  Railroad.  It  has  a 
ureh  and  a  machine-shop,  and  is  supported  by  operations 
oil,  which  is  found  here. 
Summit  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vermilion  co.,  Ind., 
1  the  Wabash  River,  and  on  the  Evansville,  Terre  Haute 
i  Chicago  Railroad,  19i  miles  N.  of  Terre  Haute.  It  has 
church. 

'  Summit  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Ross  co.,  0. 
'Summit  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Carbon  co..  Pa.,  on  a 
gh  hill,  and  on  the  Switch  Back  or  Summit  Hill  Rail- 
lad,  9  miles  W.  of  Mauch  Chunk.  It  has  a  bank,  a  news- 
iper  office,  7  churches,  and  several  hotels.  Many  of  its 
habitants  work  in  coal-mines.  Here  is  a  vein  or  bed  of 
:al,  which  is  50  feet  thick. 

Summit  Home,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co..  Ark, 
Summit  Lake,  township,  Nobles  co.,  Minn.  Pop.  62. 
Summit  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co..  Pa.,  in 
immit  township,  near  the  Pittsburg,  Washington  &  Balti- 
ore  Railroad,  3  miles  from  Meyersdale. 
Summit  Park,  a  post-office  of  El  Paso  co.,  Col. 
Summit  Park,  a  station  in  Rockland  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
le  New  Jersey  &  New  York  Railroad,  34  miles  N.  of  New 
prk. 

I  Summit  Peak,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  San  Juan 
'ountains,  in  the  S.  part  of  the  state.  It  has  an  altitude 
'  13,323  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

'Summit  Point,  a  post-village  of  Lexington  co.,  S.C, 
4  the  Charlotte,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  at  Summit 
ation,  26  miles  W.  of  Columbia.     It  has  an  academy,  a 
lurch,  and  several  stores. 
Summit  Point,  a  post^hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  W.  Va., 


on  the  Harper's  Ferry  &  Valley  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  & 
Ohio  Railroad,  14  miles  E.N.E.  of  AVinchester, 

Summit  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Muscatine  co.,  lowa^ 
on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  <i:  Pacific  Railroad,  at  Summit 
Station,  5i  miles  N.  of  Muscatine. 

Summit  Siding,  a  station  in  Douglas  co..  Neb.,  on 
the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  4  miles  from  Omaha. 

Summit  Siding,  a  station  of  the  Dillsburg  Branch  of 
the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad,  12^  miles  from  Harris- 
burg,  Pa. 

Summit  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Onondaga  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Syracuse,  Binghamton  &  New  York  Railroad, 
20  miles  S.  of  Syracuse. 

Summit  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Licking  co.,  0., 
on  the  railroad  between  Columbus  and  Newark,  14  miles  E. 
of  Columbus.     It  has  a  church. 

Summit  Station,  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.    See  Hamhon. 

Summit  Station,  a  post-office  of  Fond  du  Lac  co., 
Wis.,  on  the  Sheboygan  &  Fond  du  Lac  Railroad,  about  7 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Fond  du  Lac. 

Summit  Switch,  a  station  in  Washington  co.,  Mo., 
on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  63 
miles  S.S.AV.  of  St.  Louis. 

Sum'mitville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Cincinnati,  Wabash  <t  Michigan  Railroad,  18  miles  N. 
of  Anderson.  It  has  a  church,  2  saw-mills,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  stave-factory. 

Summitville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa,  6  or  7 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Keokuk. 

Summitville,  a  hamlet  of  Lake  co.,  Mich.,  on  thie 
Flint  A  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  40  miles  E.  of  Luding- 
ton.  It  has  a  steam  saw-mill.  Here  is  Russell's  Mills 
Post-Office. 

Summitville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Mamakating  township, 
Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  &  Oswego  Midland 
Railroad,  at  the  junction  with  the  Ellenville  Branch  of 
the  same,  15  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Middletown. 

Summitville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Cleveland  <fc  Pittsburg  Railroad,  24i  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Alliance.     It  has  2  churches. 

Summitville,  Cambria  CO.,  Pa.    See  Summit. 

Summitville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coffee  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  McMinnville  A  Manchester  Railroad,  8  miles  N.E.  of 
Manchester.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Sum'mum,  a  post-village  in  Woodland  township,  Ful- 
ton CO.,  111.,  about  12  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Havana.  It  has  3 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  furniture,  <fec.     Pop.  200. 

Sum'ner,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an 
area  of  1188  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Arkansas 
River,  which  here  runs  southward  and  crosses  the  eastern 
border  of  the  county  several  times.  It  is  also  drained  by 
the  Good  River  and  by  Cowskin  and  Slate  Creeks.  The 
surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
This  county  contains  extensive  prairies,  which  produce 
natural  pasture.  Capital,  AVellington.  Pop.  in  1870,  22,  of 
whom  19  were  Americans;  in  1875,  49€5;  in  1880,  20,812. 

Sumner  (now  Webster),  a  county  in  the  N.  central 
part  of  Mississippi,  is  drained  by  the  Big  Black  River.  The 
surface  is  undulating  and  partly  covered  with  forests.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts.    Capital,  Walthall.     Pop.  in  1880,  9534. 

Sumner,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Middle  Tennessee, 
borders  on  Kentucky.  Area,  about  600  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Cumberland  River,  and  partly 
drained  by  small  affluents  of  the  Big  Barren  River.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with 
forests  of  chestnut,  oak,  hickory,  maple,  walnut,  and  pop- 
lar or  tulip-tree.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Maize,  wheat,  oats, 
tobacco,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  Blue  limestone 
(Silurian)  underlies  part  of  this  county,  which  is  traversed 
by  the  Louisville  A  Nashville  Railroad.  Capital,  Gallatin. 
Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $14,615,194,  Pop. 
in  1870,  23,711;  in  1880,  23,625, 

Sumner,  a  post-village  of  Kern  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  South- 
ern Pacific  Railroad,  about  2  miles  from  Bakersfield,  and 
302  miles  from  San  Francisco.  It  has  a  church.  Pop. 
about  300. 

Sumner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Worth  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Brunswick  &  Albany  Railroad,  26  miles  E.  of  Albary.  It 
has  2  churches.     Yellow-pine  timber  abounds  here. 

Sumner,  a  township  of  Kankakee  co..  111.     Pop.  1081. 

Sumner,  a  post-village  in  Christy  township,  Lawrence 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Ohio  A  Mississippi  Railroad,  12  miles  E.  of 
Olney,  and  19  miles  W.  of  Vincennes.  It  has  a  bank,  3 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  2  flouring-mills,  a  woollen- 
mill,  and  a  fine  school-house.     Pop.  in  1880,  1021. 

Sumner,  a  township  of  AVarren  co..  111.     Pop.  998.   *w 


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Snmner,  Warren  oo.,  Ind.    See  Johksontillb. 

Sumner,  a  post-rillaee  of  Bremer co.,  Iowa,  in  Sumner 
township,  about  22  miles  N.B.  of  Waverly.  It  litis  a  bunk, 
a  oiiurch,  and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  of  townsliip,  704. 

Sumner,  a  townsliip  of  Uucbannn  oo.,  Iowa.     P.  562. 

Sumner,  a  township  of  Iowa  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  785. 

Sumner,  a  township  of  Webster  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  730. 

Sumner,  a  township  of  Winneshielt  oo.,  Iowa.     P.  04U. 

Sumner,  a  township  of  Osborne  oo.,  Kansas.     P.  711. 

Sumner,  a  post-township  of  .Sumner  co.,  Kansas,  about 
28  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Wichita.     Pop.  162. 

Sumner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oxford  co..  Me.,  in  Sumner 
township,  about  40  miles  W.  of  Augusta.  It  has  2  churches 
and  several  saw-mills.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1170. 

Sumner,  a  post-village  in  Sumner  township,  Gratiot 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  Pine  lUver,  13  miles  W.  of  Ithaca.  It  hns 
manufactures  of  lumber.  It  is  locally  known  as  Estella. 
Pop.  of  township,  942. 

Sumner,  a  township  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn.    P.  1027. 

Sumner,  a  station  in  Houston  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  Mis- 
sissippi Uiver  and  the  Chicago,  Dubuque  &  Minnesota 
Railroad,  7i  miles  S.  of  Brownsville. 

Sumner,  a  township  of  Guilford  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1120. 

Sumner,  a  post-village  of  Coos  co.,  Oregon,  aoout  10 
miles  S.B.  of  Empire  City,  and  4  miles  from  Coos  Bay.  It 
has  a  church,  a  hotel,  2  stores,  and  several  coal-mines. 

Sumner,  a  station  on  the  Western  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road, 5i  miles  N.E.  of  Alleghany  City,  Pa. 

Sumner,  a  post-office  of  Pierce  co.,  Washington,  about 
II  miles  S.E.  of  Tacoma. 

Sumner,  a  post-township  of  Barron  co.,  Wis.     P.  396. 

Sumner,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  503. 

Sumner,  a  township  of  Trempealeau  co..  Wis.    P.  878. 

Sumnerviile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ottawa  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Solomon  Uiver,  about  27  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Salina. 

Sum'neytown,  or  Sum'anytown,  a  post-hamlet 
of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  on  Perkiomen  Creek,  1  mile  from 
Green  Lane  Station,  and  about  30  miles  E.  of  Reading.  It 
has  a  church,  an  academy,  and  a  cigar-factory. 

Sumoduttee,  soo^mo-diit'tee,  a  town  of  India,  district 
and  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Belgaum.     Pop.  8180. 

Sump'ter,  a  post-office  of  Bradley  co..  Ark. 

Siimpter,  a  township  of  Cumberland  co..  111.  Pop.  1751. 

Sunipter,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1161. 

Sumpter,  a  township  of  Sauk  co..  Wis.     Pop.  773. 

Sump'tion  Prairie,apo8t-officeof  St.  Joseph  co.,  Ind. 

Sum'ter,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Alabama,  border- 
ing on  Mississippi,  has  an  area  of  about  850  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Tombigbee  River,  and  in- 
tersected by  the  Noxubee  River  and  Sucarnoochee  Creek. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Alabama  Central  Railroad  and  the  Alabama  <fc  Chat- 
tanooga Railro.ad.  Capital,  Livingston.  Valuation  of  real 
and  personal  estate, «$4,1 56,011.  Pop.  in  1870,  24,109,  of 
whom  24,012  were  Americans,-  in  1880,  28,728. 

Sumter,  a  county  of  Frorida,  is  near  the  middle  of  the 
peninsula.  Are.a,  about  1400  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  AV.  by  the  Withlacoocheo  River.  The  surface  is 
nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with  forests  and  several 
lakes.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cattle,  maize,  sugar-cane, 
and  sweet  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Lees- 
burg.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $345,479. 
Pop.  in  1870,  2952;  in  1880,  4686. 

Sumter,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an 
area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  the  Flint  River,  and  intersected  by  Muckalee  and  Kin- 
chafoona  Creeks.  The  surface  is  level  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian 
com,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Southwestern  Railroad.  Capital,  Amer- 
icus.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $4,139,723. 
Pop.  in  1870,  16,559;  in  1880,  13,239. 

Sumter,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  South  Caro- 
lina, has  an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.E.  by  Lynch's  Creek  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Wa- 
teree  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Black  River.  The 
surface  is  undulating  or  level,  and  nearly  half  of  it  is  cov- 
ered with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  partly 
fertile.  Cotton,  maize,  tar,  and  turpentine  are  the  staples. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Wilmington,  Columbia  & 
Augusta  Railroad.  Capital,  Sumier  Court-llouse.  Valua- 
tion of  real  and  personal  estate,  $5,337,100.  Pop.  in  1870, 
25,268,  of  whom  25,157  were  Americans;  in  1880,  37,037. 

Sumter,  a  station  in  Sumter  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  South- 
western Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Americus. 


Sumter,  a  township  of  MoLcod  co.,  Minn.,  6  mllta  W 
of  Glcncoe.     Pop.  in  1880,  740. 

Sumter,  or  Sumter  Court-IIouae,  a  poet-Tillar« 
capital  of  Sumter  co.,  S.C,  in  Sumter  township,  on  tb« 
Wilmington,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  at  Suratcr 
Station,  44  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Columbia.  It  oontaiu  i 
churches,  an  academy,  a  female  institute,  2  newipancr 
offices,  a  machine-shop,  and  a  music-hall.  Pop.  in  1880 
2011 ;  of  the  township,  6166.  ' 

Sumter,  a  township  of  Williamsburg  oo.,  S.C.  Pop. 
1679.    See  also  Sumptkr. 

Sum'terville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sumter  co.,  Ala., about 
32  miles  W.N.W.  of  Demopolis.  It  has  2  ohurchei,  an 
academy,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Sumterville,  a  post-village  of  Sumter  co.,  Fla.,  IS 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Leet^burg.  It  has  a  church,  2  grist-mills 
a  saw-mill,  and  several  orange-groves. 

Sumterville,  a  hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Oa.,  about  20  mil«i 
S.E.  of  Americus. 

Sumvix,  s&m'vix,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Orisons,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Dissentis  Mustar.     Pop.  1181. 

Sumy,  Russia.    See  Sootir. 

Sun,  a  post-office  of  St.  Tammany  parish.  La. 

Suna,  soo'nil,  a  village  of  Italy,  1  mile  N.W.  of  Pal- 
lanza,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Lago  Maggiore.     Pop.  1212. 

Sun'apee,  a  post-village  in  Sunapeo  township,  Sullimn 
CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  W.  shore  of  Sunapee  Lake,  40  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Concord,  and  about  2  miles  N.  of  Sunapee  Station  of  the 
Concord  &  Clareiuont  Railroad.  It  contains  3  churchef,  a 
hotel,  a  foundry,  a  machine-shop,  2  saw-mills,  a  grist-mill, 
a  tannery,  and  manufactures  of  hames,  thrcshing-inachinea, 
&<s.  Pop.  of  the  township,  808.  Sunapee  Station  is  3  miles 
E.  of  Newport. 

Sunapee  Lake,  New  H.-vmpshire,  is  about  10  miles  W. 
of  Kearsarge  Mountain,  and  is  intersected  by  the  boundnry 
between  the  cos.  of  Merrimack  and  Sullivan.     It  is  nearly 
9  miles  long,  and  from  1  to  3  miles  wide.    Its  outlet  is  a  i 
short  creek  which  enters  Sugar  River. 

Sunart,  Loch,  Scotland.    See  Locn  Sunart. 

Sun'beam,  a  post-village  in  Ohio  Grove  township,  Mer- 
cer CO.,  111.,  6^  miles  S.  of  Aledo,  and  about  24  miles  N.W. 
of  Galesburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Sun'burg,  a  post-office  of  Kandiyohi  co.,  Minn. 

Sun'bury,  a  township  of  Livingston  co..  111.    Pop.  891.  •; 

Sunbury,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gates  co.,  N.C,  about  34 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Norfolk,  Va.     It  has  an  academy,  a  grist-  j 
mill,  and  2  churches. 

Sunbury,  a  post-village  in  Berkshire  township,  Dela-  | 
ware  co.,  0.,  on  Walnut  Creek,  and  on  the  Cleveland,  Mount  i 
Vernon  &  Columbus  Railroad,  21  miles  N.N.E.  of  Colum  ! 
bus.  It  has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  2  churches,  a  chair-  i 
factory,  and  a  tiax-mill.     Pop.  340,  | 

Sunbury,  or  West  Sunbury,  a  post-village  in  Clay 
township,  Butler  oo..  Pa.,  about  27  miles  E.  of  New  Castle. 
It  has  an  academy,  3  churches,  and  a  steam  grist-mill. 
Pop.  216.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Coultersville. 

Sunbury,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Northumberland  i 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Upper  Augusta  township,  on  the  E.  bank  of 
the  Susquehanna  River,  1  mile  below  the  junction  of  its 
branches,  54  miles  N.  of  Harrisburg,  40  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Williamsport,  and  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Danville.  It  is  on 
the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the 
Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad.  It  is  also  the  W.  terminus 
of  the  Danville,  Ilazleton  &  Wilkesbarre  Railroad.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house,  6  churches,  a  high  school,  a  national 
bank,  2  foundries,  2  planing-mills,  2  machine-shops,  a 
brewery,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  1  daily  and  3 
weekly  newspapers.  A  bridge  across  the  North  Branch  of 
the  Susquehanna  connects  Sunbury  with  Northumberland. 
Pop.  in  1880,  4077. 

Sun'bury,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  New  Bruns- 
wick, is  intersected  by  the  European  &  North  American 
and  Fredericton  Railways  and  by  the  river  St.  John.  The 
surface  is  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile  and  heavily 
wooded.  Area,  1200  square  miles.  Capital,  Oromocto. 
Pop.  6824. 

Sun  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barbour  co.,  Kansas,  on 
Medicine  Lodge  Creek,  90  miles  S.W.  of  Hutchinson.  Pop. 
of  township,  129. 

Sun  Cliff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.,  12  mile* 
E.S.E.  of  Indiana.  It  has  a  church,  and  saw-  and  grist-mill*. 

Sun'cook,  a  post-village  in  Pembroke  township,  Mer- 
rimack CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Merrimac  River,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Suncook,  and  on  the  Concord  Railroad,  at  its  junc- 
tion with  the  Suncook  Valley  Railroad,  about  9  miles  belo* 
Concord.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  2  churches',  a  savings- 
bank,  and  a  cotton-factory.     Pop.  in  1880,  3487 


SUN 


2561 


SUN 


Snncook  River,  New  Hampshire,  is  a  small  stream 
[which  drains  part  of  Bellcnap  co.,  runs  south  westward  in 
iMerrimack  co.,  and  enters  the  Merrimao  River  about  6 
imiles  below  Concord. 

i  Sun  Creek,  of  Mississippi,  flows  S.E.  through  Coving- 
!ton  CO.  into  Bowie  Creek,  an  affluent  of  Leaf  River. 
I  Snnda  ^'sun'da)  Isles,  Malay  Archipelago,  comprise 
'Sumatni,  Java,  Bali,  Lombok,  Flores,  and  the  other  islands 
:of  the  same  chain  as  far  E.  as  Timor,  and  separate  the 
'seas  of  Java  and  Flores,  with  the  rest  of  the  Malay  Archi- 
ipelago,  from  the  Indian  Ocean.  Sec  Strait  of  Sunda. 
I  Sundal,  soSn'dil,  a  river  of  Norway,  issues  from  a  lake 
iftt  the  foot  of  Sneehaetten,  flo*3  E.,  then  N.,  then  W.,  and 
ifalls  into  the  Tingvold-Fiord.  The  town  of  Sundal,  at  its 
onouth,  is  40  miles  S.E.  of  Christiansund.  Total  course, 
[about  70  miles. 

i  Sun'day,  or  RaonI,  ri-ool',  an  island  of  the  South 
iPacific.  Lat.  (N.W.  point)  29°  12'  S. ;  Ion.  178°  15'  W. 
;It  is  about  12  miles  in  circuit,  lofty  and  rugged, 
i  Sunday  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  in  Perry  co.,  runs  south- 
Krard,  and  enters  the  Hocking  River  in  Athens  co.,  about 
B  miles  above  Athens. 

i  Sunday  Lake,  a  small  lake  on  Salmon  River,  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Yarmouth,  Nova  Scotia. 

Sun'day  River,  of  South  Africa,  in  Cape  Colony, 
rises  in  the  Sneeuwbergen,  flows  S.E.,  and  enters  Algoa 
Bay  18  miles  N.E.  of  Port  Elizabeth,  after  a  course  of  200 
miles.  It  receives  numerous  small  affluents.  It  has  a 
rapid  current;  the  tide  rises  in  it  to  15  miles  from  the  sea, 
out  a  bar  at  its  mouth  impedes  navigation. 

Sundeela,  Sundila,  or  Sandila,  sunMee'Ia,  a  town 
of  India,  35  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Lucknow.    Pop.  15,511. 

Sun^deep',  or  Sandwip,  sundVeep',  an  island  of 
British  India,  in  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
ftlegna,  N.W.  of  Chittagong.  Length,  about  16  miles; 
werage  breadth,  6  miles.  About  the  beginning  of  the 
;eventeenth  century  it  was  taken  possession  of  by  Portu- 
guese adventurers  who  had  been  expelled  from  Aracan  and 
vho  converted  it  into  an  independent  piratical  principality. 
(t  afterwards  fell  into  the  possession  of  Mughs,  who  were 
inally  subdued  in  1666  by  Shaista  Khan,  the  Mogul  gov- 
jrnor  of  Bengal.  The  population,  which  in  1872  amounted 
0  87,016,  was  much  diminished  by  the  cyclone  and  inun- 
lation  of  1876. 

'  Sunderbunds,  or  Sundarbans,  soon'dar-buns,  a 
lame  applied  to  the  southernmost  islands  of  the  delta  sys- 
em  of  the  Ganges  and  Brahmapootra,  comprising  a  vast 
•ract  of  swamp  and  forest,  cut  by  innumerable  water- 
channels,  some  of  them  navigable.  Length,  from  E.  to  AV., 
65  miles ;  breadth,  80  miles.  Area,  7532  square  miles, 
f  he  population  is  meagre.  Firewood,  timber,  and  rice  are 
he  only  products.  Serpents,  crocodiles,  tigers,  and  other 
vild  beasts  abound. 

Sun'derland,  a  borough  and  seaport  town  of  England, 
it  the  mouth  of  the  Wear  in  the  North  Sea,  co.  and  13 
niles  N.E.  of  Durham,  with  which  city  and  with  Shields, 
Jateshead,  Hartlepool,  and  other  places  in  the  county  it  is 
•onnected  by  a  network  of  railways.  Lat.  54°  54'  N.  Pop. 
if  borough,  98,242.  The  town  proper  of  Sunderland  occu- 
)ies  a  peninsula  between  the  expansion  of  the  Wear  and 
ho  sea;  it  has  a  fine  market-place,  but  consists  mostly  of 
larrow  lanes.  Bishop-Wearmouth,  on  its  AV.  side,  is  a 
landsomo  and  increasing  quarter;  it  communicates  with 
Monk-Wearmouth  by  a  cast-iron  bridge  of  one  arch,  236 
'ect  in  span,  and  100  feet  above  the  Wear  at  low  water. 
The  principal  edifices  are  the  parish  churches,  numerous 
chapels,  the  exchange,  athenaeum,  theatre,  assembly-rooms, 
')arracks,  custom-house,  excise-oflice,  infirmary,  and  various 
tlmshouses.  It  has  a  mechanics'  institution,  horticultural 
ind  polytechnic  societies,  and  several  masonic  lodges.  The 
'jorough  is  well  paved,  lighted,  and  supplied  with  water. 
The  harbor  is  defended  by  batteries,  and  connected  with  it 
iro  large  docks.  This  is  one  of  the  principal  ports  of  Eng- 
and  for  the  shipment  of  coal ;  it  has,  besides,  a  large  export 
)f  lime,  glass,  earthenwares,  rope,  and  chemical  products, 
^ode  in  the  town  and  vioinity,  in  and  around  which  also  are 
8a.x-  and  saw-mills  and  grindstone-quarries.  Mercantile 
Ship-building  is  extensively  carried  on.  The  imports  are 
imber,  iron,  flax,  tallow,  butter,  cheese,  wine,  spirits,  flour, 
;rain,  and  various  other  articles.  The  fishery  of  Sunder- 
and  is  important.  The  borough  is  governed  by  a  mayor, 
'  4  aldermen,  and  42  councillors,  and  sends  two  members  to 
Parliament. 

Snn'durland,  a  post-village  in  Sunderland  township, 
?ranklin  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Connecticut 
iiver,  about  26  miles  N.  of  Springfield,  and  10  miles  S.  of 
Ireenficld.    It  has  a  graded  school.    A  bridge  crosses  the 


river  here.  The  township  comprises  Mount  Toby,  contains 
2  churches,  and  has  a  pop.  of  860. 

Sunderland,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Sunderland 
township,  Bennington  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Batten  Kill  River, 
and  on  the  Harlem  Extension  Railroad,  36  miles  S.  by  AV. 
of  Rutland,  and  19  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Bennington.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  563. 

Snn'derland,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Toronto  <fc  Northern  Railroad,  63  miles  N.N.E.  of  To- 
ronto.    Pop.  100. 

Snn'derlandville,  a  post-office  of  Calvert  co.,  Md., 
about  44  miles  S.  of  Baltimore. 

Sun'derlinville,  a  post-office  of  Potter  oo.,  Pa.,  about 
55  miles  N.AV.  of  Williamsport. 

Sundi,  soon'dee,  a  town  of  Africa,  on  the  Congo,  220 
miles  N.E.  of  its  mouth  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean. 

Sundoor,  or  Sandur,  sun-door',  a  small  native  state  of 
India,  enclosed  within  Bellary  district.  Area,  140  square 
miles.  Pop.  14,996.  It  is  surrounded  by  steep  hills,  and 
is  inaccessible  except  at  three  points. 

Snn'down,  township.  Redwood  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  130. 

Sun  Down,  a  hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Denning 
township,  10  miles  S.AV.  of  Shokan  Station.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Sundraboni,sun'dra-bo'noe,  a  small  state  of  the  Malay 
Archipelago,  lying  within  the  bounds  of  Macassar,  on  the 
island  of  Celebes,  with  a  town  on  a  small  island  in  the  river 
Sundraboni. 

Sundsvall,  soonds'vill,  a  seaport  town  of  Sweden,  ten 
and  28  miles  S.Vf.  of  Hernosand,  on  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia. 
Pop.  7830. 

sun'lieid,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Eaton  co., 
Mich.,  about  25  miles  W.  of  Lansing.     Pop.  1595. 

Sun'fish,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  0.     Pop.  628. 

Sundsh  Creek,  Monroe  co.,  0.,  runs  eastward,  and 
enters  the  Ohio  River  at  Clarington. 

Sun'flowcr,  a  northwestern  count}'  of  Mississippi,  has 
an  area  of  720  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Sun- 
flower River,  which  runs  southward.  The  surface  is  level 
and  low,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products. 
Capital,  Johnsonville.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal 
estate,  $4,068,670.  Pop.  in  1870,  6015;  in  1880,  4661. 
Since  1870  this  county  has  been  divided,  and  the  county  of 
Leflore  has  been  formed  of  the  eastern  part. 

Sunflower,  a  station  in  Washington  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Mobile  &  Alabama  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  60  miles  N.  of 
Mobile. 

Sunflower,  a  post-office  of  Raleigh  co.,  AV.  Va. 

Sunflower  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Coahoma  co., 
Miss. 

Sunflower  River,  Mississippi,  rises  in  Coahoma  co., 
runs  southward  through  the  cos.  of  Sunflower  and  AVash- 
ington,  and  enters  the  Yazoo  River  about  30  miles  N.E.  of 
Vicksburg.     Length,  about  200  miles. 

Sungari,  a  river  of  Manchooria.    See  SooscAnEE. 

Sungie- Ujong,  soon'ghee-oo-jong',  or  Snngie- 
IJdong,  a  state  of  the  Malay  Peninsula,  between  lat.  3° 
and  4°  N.  and  Ion.  102°  and  103°  E.  It  contains  some  of 
the  principal  tin-mines  of  the  peninsula,  and  its  chief  ox- 
port  is  tin.  It  was  subjugated  by  the  British  in  1875-76 
and  made  subsidiary  to  the  Straits  Settlements.  Cofiee  and 
cotton  of  excellent  quality  are  produced.  The  climate  is 
very  fine,  and  the  country  beautiful  and  fertile.  P.  12,000. 

Snng-Lo,  siing-lo',  or  Sung-Lo-Shan,  siing-lo- 
sh3,n',  a  mountain  of  China,  province  of  Che-Kiang.  Lat. 
29°  66'  N. ;  Ion.  118°  15'  E.  It  rises  about  3000  feet  above 
the  plains,  and  is  famous  as  the  spot  where  the  green-tea 
shrub  was  first  discovered. 

Sungnam,  siing'nim',  a  town  of  AA'^est  Thibet,  on  the 
Ruskalan,  a  tributary  of  the  Sutlej,  9000  feet  above  the 
sea-level,  90  miles  N.E.  of  Simla. 

Sungora,  siin-go'ri,  a  town  of  Lower  Siam,  on  an  inlet 
of  the  Gulf  of  Siam,  90  miles  S.E.  of  Ligor.  Lat.  7°  40'  N. ; 
Ion.  101°  10'  E. 

Sun^grampoor',  or  Sangrampnr,  sfin^grim-poor', 
a  town  of  Bengal,  in  Chumparun,  on  the  river  Gunduck. 
Pop.  6181. 

Sun^gumnaer',  Sangamnair,  or  Sangainner, 
sun^gum-nir',  also  called  Sun'gumeer',  a  town  of  India, 
district  and  55  miles  N.AV.  of  Ahmednuggur.     Pop.  9978. 

Sun  Hill,  a  post-office  of  AVashington  co.,  Ga.,  and  a 
station  on  the  Central  Railroad. 

Sun  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVyoming  eo.,  W.  Va.,  50 
miles  AV.S.AV.  of  Quinnimont.     It  has  2  churches. 

Sunium  Promontorium,  Greece.  See  Cape  Colonna. 

Sunk^ernac'ovil,  or  Shunk^ernac'ovil,  also  writ- 


SON 


2562 


SUP 


IflB  Sankarnainarkovil,  a  town  of  India,  distriot  aod 
SO  luiles  N.W.  of  Tinnovelly.     Pop.  n,6;{2. 

Sunkheira  MehwasHf  BQn-ki'ri  luib-tvifis',  a  native 
•tate  of  Indiiv,  in  Uewakantu.  Area,  431  square  miles.  Pop. 
49,961. 

Sunk  Islandf  formerly  an  islet  in  the  estuary  of  tlte 
Ilumbor,  in  England,  on  its  £.  side,  S.W.  of  Patrington, 
but  now  forming  part  of  the  mainland.  It  belongs  to  the 
•rown,  and  has  an  arua  of  6914  acres. 

Sunk  Land,  a  post-office  of  Craighead  co..  Ark. 

Suu'man,  a  post-village  in  Adams  township,  Ripley 
00.,  Ind,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  <t  Lafayette  Kail- 
road,  20jf  miles  N.W.  of  Lawrenooburg.  It  has  steam 
brick-works. 

Suu'nidale,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  oo.,  Ontario,  on 
tbo  Northern  Railway,  2  miles  from  New  Lowell.     P.  100. 

Sun'ny  Brook,  a  post-office  of  Daltituoro  co.,  Md. 

Suu'nydale,  a  post-village  of  Chattooga  oo.,  0&.,  10 
miles  from  Winston's  Station  of  the  Alabama  Groat  South- 
ern Railroad.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Sun'ny  Dale,  a  post-offioo  of  Sedgwick  oo.,  Kansat. 

Sunny  Dale,  a  post-office  of  Pickens  co.,  S.C. 

Sunny  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Loon  co.,  Fla.,  14  miles  S. 
of  Thomasvillo,  Ua.  It  has  a  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  9 
residences. 

Sunny  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Ilenry  oo..  III. 

Sunny  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Tangipahoa  parish.  La. 

Sunny  Lane,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co.,  Ky.,  12 
miles  S.  of  Morgantown.     It  has  2  churches. 

Sunny  Plains,  a  post-office  of  Orangeburg  oo.,  S.C. 

Sunny  Point,  a  hamlet  of  Davidson  co.,  Tenn.,  3 
miles  from  Edgefield  Junction,  which  is  10  miles  N.  of 
Nashville.     It  has  a  church. 

Sunny  Side,  a  post-office  and  landing  of  Chicot  co.. 
Ark.,  on  the  Mississippi,  about  60  miles  below  Arkansas  City. 

Sunny  Side,  a  post-office  of  Union  oo.,  S.  D. 

Sunny  Side,  a  post-village  of  Spalding  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Central  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Griffin.  It  has  an 
academy. 

Sunnyside,  Marion  co.,  Ind.    See  Sabine. 

Sunny  Side,  a  post-hamlet  of  Buchanan  co.,  Iowa, 
about  13  miles  N.  of  Vinton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Sunny  Side,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas. 

Sunny  Side,  a  post-office  of  Wright  co..  Mo. 

Sunny  Side,  a  post-hamlet  in  Clinton  township,  Hun- 
terdon CO.,  N.J.,  5  miles  N.  of  Flcmington,  and  1  mile  from 
Stanton  Station.     It  has  an  academy,  a  flour-mill,  &e. 

Sunny  Side,  a  post-hamlet  of  Halifax  co.,  N.C.,  3 
miles  from  Littleton.  Near  it  is  Panacea  Spring,  a  summer 
resort,  with  a  mineral  spring. 

Sunny  Side,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Monongahola  River,  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Sunny  Side,  a  post-office  of  Sequatchio  co.,  Tenn. 

Sunny  Side,  a  post-office  of  Waller  co.,  Tex.,  7  miles 
from  Pattison. 

Sunny  Side,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co.,  Va. 
•  Sunny  Slope,  a  post-office  of  Sumner  co.,  Kansas. 

Sunny  Slope,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co.,  Tenn. 

Su^nolglen',  a  post-hamlct  of  Alameda  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  36  miles  E.S.E.  of  San  Francisco. 

Sun  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-village  in  Sun  Prairie 
township,  Dane  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St. 
Paul  Railroad  (Madison  Line),  12  miles  N.E.  of  Madison, 
and  25  miles  W.  of  Watertown,  It  has  5  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  money-order  post-office. 
Pop.  589  ;  of  the  township,  additional,  972. 

Sun'rise,  a  township  of  Chisago  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  235. 

Sunrise,  a  post-office  of  Hickman  co.,  Tenn. 

Sunrise,  a  post-office  of  Bath  co.,  Va. 

Sunrise  City,  a  post-village  in  Sunrise  township,  Chi- 
gago  CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  Sunrise  River,  about  1  mile  from 
its  entrance  into  the  St.  Croix  River,  and  36  miles  N.  of 
Stillwater.     It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Snn  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  and  Clarke  co., 
Montana,  on  the  Sun  or  Medicine  River,  about  80  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  Helena.    See  also  Medicine:  River. 

Suns'bury,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  0.     Pop.  1428. 

Sunsbury,a  hamlet  in  German  township,  Montgomery 
00.,  0.,  about  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Dayton. 

Sun'set,  a  post-village  of  Apache  co.,  Arizona.  Pop. 
in  1880,  161. 

Sunset,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  oo..  Pa.,  in  Ara- 
well  township,  on  the  Waynesburg  &  Washington  Railroad. 
It  has  a  church. 

Sunset,  a  post-office  of  Pocahontas  co.,  W.  Va. 

Sun'shine,  a  post-office  of  Arkansas  co.,  Ark. 

Sunshine,  a  post-offio«  and  mining-camp  of  Boulder 


CO.,  Col.,  6  miles  W.N.W.  of  Boulder  Station.    It  hMwvl 
oral  gold-mines.     Pop.  about  900. 

Sunshine,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md.,  li  a 
a  villago  named  Unity. 

Sunth,  a  state  of  India.    See  Saunte. 

Sun  View,  a  post-office  of  El  Paso  co..  Col. 

Sun'ville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Plum  township,  Vennnr 
CO.,  Pa.,  10  miles  N.  of  Friinklin.     It  has  2  churches. 

Sunypcrk,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Sonnkxukiio. 

Supaiwasi  (?),  soo-pi-wi'sco,  or  Iluayna  Potos 
(hwi'iii  po-to-see')  Peak,  a  peak  of  the  Bolivinn  Ande» 
Lat.  16°  17'  S. ;  Ion.  68°  10'  W.     Height,  20.200  feet. 

Superior,  soo-pe're-^r,  a  township  of  Dickinaon  ooi 
Iowa.     Pop.  67. 

Superior,  a  post-hamlet  in  Superior  township,  Mo 
Phorson  co.,  Kansas,  16  miles  N.  of  Hutchinson.  It  has  i 
church.     Pop.  of  township  in  1880,  634. 

Superior,  a  township  of  Osage  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  ii 
1880,  1881,  exclusive  of  Osage  City. 

Superior,  township,  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  1181 

Superior,  a  post-office  of  ^lissoula  co.,  Montana, 

Superior,  a  post-village  of  Nuckolls  co.,  Neb.,  28  milei 
S.  of  Edgar.     Pop.  in  1880,  458. 

Superior,  a  township  of  Williams  co.,  0.    Pop.  1627. 

Superior,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Douglas  co.,  Wir. 
in  Superior  township,  is  situated  at  the  W.  end  of  Lnkii 
Superior,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Ncmadji  River,  7  miles  S.Ej 
of  Duluth.  It  has  a  safe  harbor,  3  churches,  a  nowspapei 
office,  a  graded  school,  and  several  steam  saw-mills.  Pop| 
of  the  township,  741. 

Superior,  Lake,  the  largest  body  of  fresh  water  oil 
the  globe,  and  the  most  elevated  of  the  five  great  lakaj 
which  are  formed  in  the  depressions  of  the  basin  of  the  6t| 
Lawrence  River.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  and  E.  by  Cnn.| 
ada,  on  the  S.  by  Michigan  and  Wisconsin,  and  on  the  N.W  i 
by  Minnesota.  It  is  about  400  miles  long,  measured  on  t' 
right  line  drawn  from  Duluth  to  the  outlet  or  E.  extremity: 
The  greatest  width  is  about  160  miles,  and  the  area  is  com-; 
putod  to  be  32,000  square  miles.  The  mean  depth  is  said: 
to  be  900  feet,  and  the  greatest  depth  about  200  fathoms., 
Its  surface  is  about  635  feet  higher  than  the  level  of  thoi 
sea.  It  has  an  irregular  form,  is  widest  at  the  middle,! 
and  is  narrowed  towards  e.Tch  end,  especially  the  W.  The 
surplus  water  is  discharged  into  Lake  Huron  through  a 
strait  called  St.  Mary's  River,  which  issues  from  the  E.  ot 
S.E.  extremity  of  the  lake.  The  water  of  Lake  Superior 
is  remarkable  for  its  purity  and  transparency,  and  is  well 
supplied  with  fish,  among  which  are  trout  and  white-fish.^ 
This  lake  receives  no  large  rivers.  Its  principal  tributary 
is  the  St.  Louis,  which  enters  at  the  W.  end  of  the  lake 
and  is  the  remotest  source  of  the  river  St.  Lawrence.  "The 
great  lakes  which  form  its  upper  course,"  says  Professor 
Quyot,  "being  simple  depressions  on  the  top  of  the  swell, 
the  watershed  which  surrounds  them  is  hardly  more  than  a 
few  miles  from  their  shores,  leaving  but  a  limited  tone  of 
drainage."  The  largest  island  enclosed  by  this  lake  is  Isle 
Royale,  which  is  about  45  miles  long,  and  belongs  to  the 
United  States.  The  rocks  found  along  the  shores  are  mostly 
azoic,  Huronian,  or  primordial.  "  Along  Lakes  Superior 
and  Huron,"  says  Dana,  "  the  fragmental  Huronian  beds, 
in  the  closing  part  of  the  azoic  age,  accumulated  to  a 
thickness  of  10,000  feet.  On  Lakes  Superior  and  Huron 
in  the  copper  region  there  is  a  great  thickness  of  the  pri- 
mordial strata  in  connection  with  eruptions  of  trap.  The 
rocks  rise  in  some  places  to  a  height  of  3000  or  4000  feet, 
and  consist  of  these  igneous  rocks  mingled  with  the  sand- 
stone and  a  scoria  conglomerate."  On  the  S.  side  of  Lake 
Superior,  in  Michigan,  are  rich  copper-mines,  the  product 
of  which  is  about  15,000  tons  per  annum.  On  the  border 
of  Schoolcraft  co.,  Mich.,  occur  vertical  cliffs  which  rise 
from  the  water  to  a  height  Of  200  feet  and  arc  called  "  Pic- 
tured Rocks."  "The  Potsdam  Epoch,"  says  Dana,  "ii 
represented  by  the  famous  '  Pictured  Rocks,'  which  form 
bluffs  of  50  to  200  feet  on  the  S.  shores,  and  are  variegated 
in  color  with  vertical  bands  and  blotches."  The  chief  ports 
on  this  lake  are  Duluth,  Houghton,  and  Marquette.  A  ship- 
canal  at  Sault  Ste.  Marie  enables  large  steamboats  to  pass 
from  Lake  Superior  to  Lake  Huron. 

Supihora,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  GEiEnsBEno. 

Supino,  soo-pee'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  7  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Frosinone.     Pop.  3109.     See  also  Sepi.vo. 

Su'plee',  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Wilmington  &  Reading  Railroad,  at  Waynesburg  Junction, 
2  miles  from  Waynesburg,  and  27  miles  S.  of  Reading, 

Sup'ply',  a  post-hamlet  of  Brunswick  co.,  N.C.,  28 
miles  S.W.  of  Wilmington.  It  has  a  steam  saw-mill,  ■ 
grist-mill,  and  a  turpentine-distillery. 


SUP 


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i      Siipoi,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Soopoi. 
t     Sur,  a  seaport  of  Arabia.     See  SooR. 
j     Sura,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Soora. 

Surabaya,  a  town  of  Java,  See  Soekadata. 
I  Surafend,  soo*ri-f5nd'  (anc.  Sarepta  ;  Scriptural,  Zart- 
ifhath),  a  largo  village  of  Palestine,  on  a  liill-slope,  near 
ithe  Mediterranean,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Sidon.  Principal 
iedifico,  a  mosque  erected  over  the  reputed  spot  where  Elijah 
, raised  the  widow's  son  from  the  dead.  Sarepta  was  an- 
jciently  famous  for  its  wine.  Under  the  Crusaders  it  was 
lerectod  into  a  bishop's  see.  In  the  adjacent  hills  are  many 
loxeavatod  tombs. 
I     Surnj,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Soorazh. 

Surajigur,  soo'r4-je-giir',  or  Surajgur'rah,  a  town 
(of  Bengal,  on  the  Ganges,  district  and  18  miles  W.S.W.  of 
(Monghir.     Pop.  7935. 
;    Siirakarta,  or  Surakcrta,  Java.    See  Soerakarta. 

Surat,  soo^rit'  (Fr.  Surate,  sii^it'),  a  town  of  India, 
capital  of  Surat  district,  on  the  Taptee,  150  miles  by  rail  N. 
of  Bombay.  It  is  a  place  of  great  antiquity  and  fame,  and 
in  ir96  had  an  estimated  population  of  600,000.  Pop.  in 
11881,  1 13,417.  Within  the  town  there  is  an  establishment 
under  the  French  flag. 

Surat,  a  district  of  British  India,  in  Guzerat,  bounded 
W.  by  the  Gulf  of  Cambay  and  the  Arabian  Sea.  Area, 
1578  square  miles.     Capital,  Surat.     Pop.  607,087. 

Suruar,  surMar',  a  village  of  Persia,  province  of  Irak- 
Ajemee,  near  Menjecl,  on  the  Sefeed  Rood,  at  the  frontier 
jof  Ghilan.     Near  it  are  alum-minos. 

Sure,  sUr  or  sii'r?h,  or  Sauer,  sow'§r,  a  river  of  Hel- 
ium and  Dutch  Lu.xemburg,  after  an  E.  course  of  90  miles, 
joins  the  Moselle  7  miles  S.W.  of  Treves. 

Sure,  a  river  of  Ireland.    See  Suir. 

Surentlal,  soo'r§n-dir,  a  village  of  Norway,  73  miles 

W.  of  Trondhjem. 

Suresnes,  sUh-ain',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine,  W. 
f  Paris,  at  the  foot  of  Mont-Valerion.     Pop.  5907. 

Surgeon's  (sur'J9nz)  Hall, a  post-hamletof  Alleghany 

.,  Pa.,  about  9  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Surg^res,  suR^zhaiR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Charente- 
nforieure,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Rochefort.     It  has  large  dis- 
tilleries.    Pop.  3240. 

Surgoinsville,  silr-goinz'vil,  a  post-office  of  Haw- 
ins  CO.,  Tenn. 

Surgut,  a  town  of  Siberia.    See  Soorgoot. 

Suriapet,  sooVe-i-pet',  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Dec- 

n,  in  Nizam's  dominions,  on  the  Mutty,  76  miles  E.S.E. 
if  Ilyderabad. 

Surigao,  soo-re-gi'o,  a  town  of  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
Q  the  Philippines,  at  the  N.  extremity  of  Mindanao.  Lat. 
"  51'  N. ;  Ion.  125°  25'  E.  The  Surigao  Islands  are  on 
he  N.E.,  and  the  Surigao  Passage  is  on  the  N.W. 

Surinam,  soo-rin-im',  a  river  of  Dutch  Guiana,  trav- 
rsea  the  centre  of  that  colony,  which  is  sometimes  called 
y  its  name,  and,  after  a  N.  course  of  300  miles,  enters  the 

tlantic  near  Paramaribo.  It  receives  several  affluents,  and 
its  banks  are  in  general  densely  wooded;  below  Paramaribo 
they  are  laid  out  in  thriving  plantations.  Its  entrance  is 
defended  by  the  forts  of  New  Amsterdam  and  Zelandia. 

Surmoor,  a  state  of  India.    See  Sirmore. 

Sur^prise'  Val'ley,  a  township  of  Siskiyou  co.,  Cal. 
Pop.  649. 

■  Sur'rency,  a  post-village  of  Appling  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Macon  &  Brunswick  Railroad,  60  miles  N.W.  of  Brunswick. 

Surrentum,  the  ancient  name  of  Sorrekto. 

■  Sur'rey,  or  Sur'ry  (Saxon,  Suth'rice,  the  "  south  king- 
dom"), a  county  of  England,  having  N.  the  Thames,  sepa- 
rating it  from  Middlesex  and  Bucks,  S.  Sussex,  E.  Kent, 
md  W.  Hants  and  Berks.  Area,  755  square  miles.  Pop. 
1,436,899.  The  North  Downs  intersect  the  county  from  W. 
'.0  E.,  dividing  it  into  two  parts,  the  N.  having  a  fertile 
md  diversified  slope  to  the  Thames,  theS.  hilly  and  broken. 
An  expanse  of  heath-land  covers  the  W.  of  the  county,  and 
^n  the  S.W.  hill-chain  is  Leith  Hill,  which  rises  to  nearly 
1000  feet  above  the  sea.  A  large  portion  of  the  soil  is 
under  tillage.  In  the  N.  a.  great  deal  of  land  is  in  gardens 
for  the  supply  of  vegetables  to  the  London  markets.  The 
inly  river  of  consequence  is  the  Wey,  forming  a  part  of  the 
Wey  ifc  Arundel  Canal  to  Guildford.  The  Basingstoke 
Canal  is  in  the  N.W.,  and  various  railways  traverse  the 
county.  Lent  assizes  are  held  at  Kingston,  and  summer 
.assizes  at  Croydon  and  Guildford.  It  returns  eleven  mera- 
hers  to  the  House  of  Commons,  of  whom  six  are  for  the 
county.  Besides  Guildford,  the  capital,  it  contains  the  par- 
liamentary boroughs  of  Southwark,  Lambeth,  and  Reigate, 
»nd  the  towns  of  Kingston-on-Thames,  Wandsworth,  Croy- 
don, Epsom,  Ewell,  Dorking,  Godalming,  and  Chertsey. 


Sur'rey,  a  township  of  Clare  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  1159. 

Surrey,  a  post-office  of  Portage  co.,  Wis.,  about  20 
miles  E.  of  Grand  Rapids. 

Sur'round'ed  Mill,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Prairio 
CO.,  Ark.,  on  the  Memphis  &  Little  Rock  Railroad,  52  miles 
E.  of  Little  Rock. 

Sur'ry,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  North  Carolina, 
has  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.  by  the  Yadkin  River,  and  intersected  by  the  Ararat 
River.  The  Blue  Ridge  extends  along  the  N.W.  border  of 
this  county,  the  surface  of  which  is  mostly  hilly  or  moun- 
tainous. In  the  S.E.  part  is  Pilot  Mountain,  remarkable 
for  its  cylindrical  form.  Forests  of  the  oak,  hickory,  chest- 
nut, ash,  and  other  trees  cover  nearly  half  of  the  surface. 
The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  cattle,  pork, 
and  tobacco  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Dobson.  Val- 
uation of  real  and  personal  estate,  $2,606,860.  Pop.  in  1870, 
11,252,  of  whom  11,240  were  Americans;  in  18SU,  15,302. 

Surry,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Virginia,  has  an 
area  of  nearly  300  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E. 
by  the  James  River,  here  2  or  3  miles  wide,  and  on  the 
S.W.  by  the  Blackwater  River.  The  surface  is  undulating 
or  uneven,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The 
soil  is  sandy  and  rather  poor.  Indian  corn,  pease,  beans, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Surry  Court- 
House.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $1,153,934. 
Pop.  in  1870,  5585;  in  1880.  7391. 

Surry,  a  post- village  of  Hancock  co..  Me.,  in  Surry  town- 
ship, on  the  W.  bank  of  Union  River,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Ells- 
worth, and  about  32  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bangor.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1242. 

Surry,  a  post-office  of  Cheshire  co.,  N.H.,  in  Surry 
township,  on  the  Ashuelot  River,  about  8  miles  N.  by  W. 
of  Keene.     Pop.  of  the  township,  318. 

Surry  Court-House,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Surry 
CO.,  Va.,  about  34  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Petersburg,  and  5  miles 
S.  of  the  James  River. 

Sur'ry ville,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co.,  0.,  7  miles  S.E. 
of  Williamsburg. 

Sursee,  soor's4\  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  12 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Lucerne,  on  the  Suren,  an  affluent  of  the 
Aar.     Poji.  1896. 

Surubia,  soo-roo'be-i,  a  river  of  Brazil,  province  of 
Pard,  joins  the  Amazon  opposite  Santarem. 

Suruga,  a  town  of  Japan.    See  Soorooga. 

Suruhi,  soo-roo-hee',  a  village  of  Brazil,  province  of 
Rio  de  Janeiro,  about  6  miles  W.  of  Mag6,  with  a  harbor 
in  the  river  Suruhi,  which  enters  the  Bay  of  Rio  Janeiro. 

Sury-le-Cointal,  sii'ree'-leh-kftNo'til',  a  village  of 
France,  in  Loire,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Montbrison.     Pop.  1933. 

Surzur,  siiR'ziiR',  a  village  of  France,  in  Morbihan,  7 
miles  S.E.  of  Vannes.     Pop.  of  commune,  2147. 

Sus,  Morocco  and  Persia.     See  Soos. 

Susa,  soo'si  (anc.  Sef/usium),  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Pied- 
mont, 37  miles  by  railway  W.  of  Turin.  It  is  situated  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  Dora  Ripaira,  at  the  junction  of  the 
two  routes  across  the  Alps  by  Monts  Cenis  and  Genevrc. 
Pop.  3254.  Numerous  antiquities  are  here  interspersed 
among  modern  edifices,  and  it  has  a  remarkable  arch  and 
a  Gothic  cathedral.  Above  the  town  are  extensive  ruins 
of  the  fortress  of  La  Brunetta,  and  a  steep  height,  11,000 
feet  above  the  sea,  crowned  by  a  chapel.  Near  it  are  iron- 
mines  and  marble-quarries. 

Su'sa,  or  Shoosh,  an  ancient  city  of  Persia,  of  which 
only  a  few  ruins  now  remain.     See  Shooster. 

Susa,  or  Susan,  a  town  of  Tunis.    See  SoosA. 

Susani,  an  island  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Samos. 

Susan'nah  Island,  British  India,  in  the  Mergui 
Archipelago,  hit.  10°  30'  N.,  Ion.  98°  E.,  between  Dome  and 
St.  Matthew  Islands.    Length,  12  miles ;  breadth,  5  miles. 

Susan  (soo'zan)  River,  California,  rises  in  the  Sierra 
Nevada,  runs  nearly  eastward,  and  enters  Honey  Lake  in 
Lassen  co. 

Susanville,  soo'zan-vTl,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Las- 
sen CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  Susan  River,  at  the  upper  end  of  Honey 
Lake  Valley,  about  110  miles  N.E.  of  Marysville.  It  is  8 
miles  N.E.  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  at  an  altitude  of  4180 
feet  above  the  sea-level.  It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  2 
churches,  and  a  graded  school. 

Sus^col',  or  Sos^col',  a  post- village  of  Napa  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  Napa  Branch  of  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  II. 
miles  N.  of  Vallejo. 

Susiana,  8oo-ge-iL'n&,  a  province  of  ancient  Persia, ' 
answering  to  the  modern  Khoozistan. 

Susighirli-Su,  Asia.    See  Soosighirlee-Soo. 

Suspen'sion,  a  post-office  of  Bullock  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Mobile  A  Girard  Railroad,  8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Union  Springs. ' 


6US 


2564 


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SaspenHion  Bridfre,  or  Ningarn  City,  a  po»t-vlI- 
lage  and  port  of  entry  of  Ningnra  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Niagara 
Kiver,  2  miles  below  the  cataract,  and  on  a  branch  of  the 
New  York  Central  Railroad,  which  here  connects  with  tho 
Great  Wostom  of  Canada.  Tho  trains  of  those  roads  cross 
the  river  on  a  noble  suspension-bridge,  which  is  800  feet 
long  and  about  240  feet  above  the  water.  It  has  2  floors, 
the  upper  for  railroad  trains  and  tho  lower  for  carriages. 
This  village  is  nearly  opposite  the  magnificent  lower  nvpids. 
A  large  trade  with  Canada  has  its  channel  at  this  port. 
Daring  1879  the  exports  and  imports  amounted  to 
$12,649,729,  and  the  duties  collected  to  $491,785.48.  The 
village  contains  6  cnurches,  numerous  hotels,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  Do  Vcaux  College  (Protestant  Kpiscopal).  Pop. 
2476.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Suspension  Bridge. 

Sus^iuehaii'na,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Penn- 
sylvania, bordering  on  New  York,  has  an  area  of  about  850 
squaru  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Susquehanna  River,  which 
twice  crosses  tho  northern  border  of  the  county,  and  by 
Tunkhannock  and  Wyulusing  Creeks.  The  Lackawanna 
River  rises  in  the  eastern  part.  The  surface  is  diversiHod 
by  hills  of  moderate  height,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  beech,  chestnut,  oak,  pine,  ash,  sugar-maple,  &o. 
The  soil  is  adapted  to  psisturage  and  dairy-farming.  Hay, 
butter,  oats,  cattle,  Indian  corn,  potatoes,  and  wool  are 
the  staple  products.  Leather  is  one  of  the  chief  articles  of 
export.  Devonian  sandstone  and  slate  crop  out  in  this 
county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  A 
Western  Railroad  and  a  branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad.  Tho 
main  line  of  tho  Erie  Railroad  crosses  tho  N.  part  of  tho 
county.  Capital,  Montrose.  Valuation  of  real  and  per- 
sonal estoto,  $16,680,300.  Pop.  in  1870,  37,623,  of  whom 
33.519  were  Americans;  in  1880,  40,354. 

Siisqiiclianiia,  township,  Cambria  co..  Pa.    Pop.  1106. 

Susquehanna,  a  township  of  Dauphin  co..  Pa.,  is 
bounded  on  tho  W.  by  the  river  of  the  samo  name.  Tho 
B.W.  part  of  it  is  contiguous  to  Harrisburg.     Pop.  2264. 

Susquehanna,  township,  Juniata  co..  Pa.     Pop.  890. 

Susiiuehanna,  township,  Lycoming  co..  Pa.  Pop.  346. 

Susquehanna,  a  village  and  station  of  Lycoming  co.. 
Pa.,  on  the  West  Branch  of  tho  Susquehanna  River,  and  on 
the  Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Williams- 
port.     Here  is  Nisbet  Post-Office. 

Susquehanna,  a  post-borough  in  Oakland  township, 
Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  on  tho  Susquehanna  River,  and  on 
the  Erie  Railroad,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Uinghamton,  and  38 
miles  N.  of  Carbondnle.  It  is  the  N.  terminus  of  the  Jef- 
ferson Branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad.  It  has  a  hotel,  2  news- 
paper offices,  a  national  bank,  a  graded  school,  and  5 
churches.  Hero  are  large  railroad  shops,  in  which  loco- 
motives and  cars  are  mode  and  repaired.    P.  (1880)  3467. 

Susquehanna  River  is  formed  by  its  North  and  West 
Branches,  which  unite  at  Northumberland,  Pa.  It  runs 
southward  to  Harrisburg,  and  before  it  reaches  that  city 
forms  the  boundary  between  Dauphin  and  Perry  cos.  Below 
Harrisburg  it  flows  nearly  southeastward,  and  forms  the 
boundary  between  the  cos.  of  Lancaster  and  York.  Pass- 
ing next  into  Maryland,  it  separates  Cecil  co.  from  Harford 
CO.,  and  enters  the  N.  end  of  Chesapeake  Bay  at  Havre  de 
Grace.  The  Philadelphia  &  Baltimore  Railroad  crosses  it 
at  its  mouth  by  a  bridge  about  1  mile  long.  This  river  is 
about  150  miles  long,  or,  if  we  include  its  North  Branch, 
600  miles.  It  traverses  a  hilly,  fertile,  and  picturesque 
country,  but  its  navigation  is  obstructed  by  rocky  rapids. 
The  chief  towns  on  this  river  and  branches  are  Bingham- 
ton,  Owego,  Wilkesbarre,  Williamsport,  Danville,  Harris- 
burg, and  Columbia.  Its  largest  affluent  is  the  Juniata. 
The  North  or  East  Branch  rises  in  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  and  is 
the  outlet  of  Otsego  and  Schuyler  Lakes.  The  part  of  this 
stream  which  is  included  in  New  York  is  usually  called 
the  Susquehanna.  It  runs  south  westward  to  Great  Bond, 
in  Pennsylvania,  from  which  it  returns  into  New  York 
and  intersects  the  cos.  of  Broome  and  Tioga.  Turning  next 
to  the  left,  it  enters  Bradford  co.  of  Pennsylvania,  and  runs 
Bontheastward  to  the  rich  coal-mines  of  the  Wyoming  Val- 
ley. Below  Pittston  it  runs  southwestward  through  Luzerne 
and  Columbia  cos.  to  Northumberland.  The  West  Branch 
rises  on  tho  W.  slope  of  tho  Alleghany  Mountains,  and 
drains  Clearfield  co.  and  intersects  Clinton  and  Lycoming 
cos.  Its  general  direction  is  eastward.  It  is  nearly  250 
miles  long,  and  is  inferior  to  the  other  branch. 

Sus'scx  (anc.  Suth-Seaxe,  the  "  South  Saxons"),  a  county 
of  England,  bordering  the  English  Channel  from  Selsoa  to 
Rye,  having  W.  Hampshire,  and  N.  Surrey  and  Kent. 
Area,  1466  square  miles.  Pop.  490,505.  The  South  Downs, 
a  range  of  chalk  hills  covered  by  tine  turf,  continuous  with 
the  downs  of  Hants  near  Petersfield,  traverse  tho  county 


E.  to  Bcachy  Head,  where  they  terminate  in  a  lofty  el|| 
N.  of  this  chain,  extending  to  tho  hills  of  Surrey,  is  a  fg* 
tile  and  richly-timbered  tract,  formed  the  Weaid.  Bctwoe 
tho  Downs  and  the  sea  is  a  good  deal  of  fertile  soil,  a«  a|j 
in   the  marsh  lands  E.  of  Beachy   Head.     Tho  principo 
rivers  arc  the  Arun,  Rother,  Ouse,  and  Adur,  all  small  an< 
flowing  S.  to  the  Cliannel.     Tho  climate  is  mild,  and  th 
harvests  early.     Wheat,  oats,  barley,  and  turnips  are  th 
principal  crops.     In  the  E.  many  hops  aro  raised.    Th 
Southdown  sheop  and  tho  Sussex  cattle  aro  broods  in  higl 
repute.      Limestone,   charcoal,    salt,    gunjjowiler,    potOKh 
bricks,  and  earthenwares  aro  tho  other  princi])al  ]iroducts 
The   Guildford,    Arundel    &    Chichester   Canal    interwot. 
the  W.  and  S.  of  tho  county,  which  is  also  traversed  bj 
many  linos  of  railway.     Sussex  composes  the  diocese  of 
Chichester  ;  besides  which  city,  its  capital,  it  contains  th« 
boroughs  of  Brighton,   Lowes,   New  Shoreliam,   Hastings 
Horsham,  Arun(lel,  and  Rye,  with  the  towns  of  Kast  Grin- 
stead,  AVinchelseii,  Petworth,  Cuck6eld,  Buttle,  Worthing, 
itc.    Most  of  the  towns  on  its  coast  are  resorted  to  as  water* 
ing-placcs  in  summer.     With  its  boroughs  it  sondx  fifteen 
members  to  the  House  of  Commons,  four  of  whom  aro  re- 
turned for  the  county.     Sussex  composed,  with  a  great  port 
of  Surrey,  the  second  kingdom  erected  by  tho  Saxons  ia 
England.  | 

Sus'sex,  the  southernmost  county  of  Delaware,  border- 
ing on  Maryland,  has  an  area  of  about  950  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Delaware  Bay  and  tho  Atlantioj 
Ocean,  and  is  drained  by  the  Nanticoko  and  Indian  Kivcri' 
and  by  Mispillion  and  other  creeks.  The  surface  is  nearlyj 
level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The! 
soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  cattle,  pork,  lum-i 
her,  and  potatoes  aro  tho  staple  products.  This  county  is  | 
intersected  by  the  Delaware  Railroad  and  the  Junction  A, 
Breakwater  Railroad.  Capital,  Georgetown.  Valuation  of  i 
real  and  personal  estate,  $21,001,060.  Pop.  in  1870,  31,896, 
of  whom  31,599  were  Americans  ;  in  18Sn.  3fi.niS. 

Sussex,  the  northernmost  county  of  New  Jersey,  bor- 
dors  on  New  York.  Area,  about  500  square  miles.  It  it 
bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Delaware  River,  an<l  on  the  B. 
by  the  Musconetcong.  It  is  also  drained  by  the  Wallkill  and 
Paulinskill  Rivers,  which  rise  in  it,  and  by  Poquest  Creek. 
The  surface  is  mostly  hilly,  and  is  diversified  by  several 
high  ridges,  one  of  which,  called  tho  Blue  Mountain,  ex- 
tends in  a  N.E.  and  S.W.  direction  and  is  only  a  few  miles 
from  the  Delaware  River.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile. 
Butter,  hay,  Indian  corn,  oats,  rye,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  In  1870  it  produced  1,455,788  pounds  of  but- 
ter, and  more  than  any  other  county  of  the  state.  Among 
its  mineral  resources  are  iron  ore,  zinc,  slate,  and  limestone. 
It  has  a  large  deposit  of  franklinite,  a  rare  and  valuable 
mineral,  a  compound  of  zinc,  iron,  and  manganese.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Sussex  Railroad  and  tho  Now  Jersey 
Midland  Railroad.  Capital,  Newton.  Valuation  of  real 
and  personal  estate,  $22,446,043.  Pop.  in  1870,  23,168,  of 
whom  22,069  were  Americans;  in  1880.  23,5.39. 

Sussex,  a  southeastern  county  of  Virginia,  has  an  area 
of  about  420  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  tho  Notto- 
way River,  and  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Black  water 
River.  The  surface  is  uneven  or  nearly  level,  and  a  large 
part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  produces  a  little 
Indian  corn,  oats,  and  grass.  Lumber  is  one  of  the  chief 
articles  of  export.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Peters- 
burg &  Weldon  Railroad  and  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  <fc 
Ohio  Railroad.  Capital,  Sussex  Court-House.  Valuation 
of  real  and  personal  estate,  $1,343,560.  Pop.  in  1870,  7885, 
of  whom  7876  were  Americans;  in  1880,  10,062. 

Sussex,  a  post-village  in  Lisbon  township,  Waukesha 
CO.,  Wis.,  about  20  miles  N.W,  of  Milwaukee.  It  has  a 
church. 

Sussex  Court-House,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Sussex  CO.,  Va.,  near  the  Nottoway  River,  about  26  miles 
S.  by  E.  of  Petersburg.     It  has  several  churches. 

Sussex  Corner,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  2  miles  from  Sussex  Vale.     Pop.  200. 

Sussex  Lake,  British  North  America,  N.  of  Lake 
Aylmer,  is  tho  source  of  Back  or  Great  Fish  River. 

Sussex  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J. 

Sussex  Portage,  port'ij,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co., 
New  Brunswick,  2  miles  from  Annagance.     Pop.  150. 

Sussex  Station,  a  village  in  Kings  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  the  Intercolonial  Railway,  44  miles  from  St.  John- 
Sussex  Vale,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick, 2  miles  from  Sussex  Station.     It  has  an  iron-foundry, 
cheese-factory,  salt-factory,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  400. 

Sussicze,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  SciiuTTESHOFEa. 

Sussnhi,  a  river  of  Brazil.    See  Sacui. 


sus 


2565 


strw 


Susui,  800-soo'ee,   one  of  the  smaller  of  the  Feejee 
Islands,  about  lat.  17°  21'  S.,  Ion.  17S°  58'  W. 
I      Siisz,  the  Polish  for  Rosexbeho,  in  Prussia. 

Sutal'Ice,  a  post-office  of  Cheroliee  cc,  Qa.,  about  34 
I  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Atlanta. 

j      Sutchana,  soo-chjl'na,  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Gusorat 
!  Peninsula,  on  the  Gulf  of  Cutch. 

Sutchou,  a  city  of  China.    See  Soo-Cho-w-Foo. 

Siitcra,  soo-ti'rl,  a  town  of  Sicily,  21  miles  N.  of  Cal- 
tanisetta.     Pop.  3897. 
I      Su'tersville,  or  Su'tcr,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmore- 
I  land  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Youghiogheny  River  and  the  Pitts- 

iburg,  Washington  <fc  Baltimore  Railroad,  at  Suter  Station, 
i9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pittsburg.  Pop.  in  1880,  490. 
Sutherland,  suTii'§r-land,  a  highland  county  of  Scot- 
I  land,  near  its  N.  extremity,  extending  from  the  sea,  be- 
tween the  COS.  of  Ross  and  Caithness,  having  N.  and  AV. 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  E.  Caithness  and  Moray  Firth,  and  S. 
the  Firth  of  Dornoch  and  the  cos.  of  Ross  and  Cromarty. 
Area,  1886  square  miles.  Pop.  23,370.  The  surface,  ex- 
cepting along  the  E.  shore,  is  rugged  and  mountainous,  and 
interspersed  with  morasses  and  large  deer-forests.  The 
principal  rivers  are  the  Oikel,  Fleet,  Brola,  and  Helmsdale, 
'i'he  principal  lakes  are  Lochs  Shin,  Hope,  Assynt,  More, 
and  Naver.  The  chief  employments  are  sheep-  and  cattle- 
breeding,  especially  the  former.  Ptarmigan,  grouse,  black- 
cock, Alpine  hares,  &c.,  are  abundant.  Lime  and  freestone 
'  are  obtained.  The  trade  of  the  county  consists  chiefly  in 
the  exchange  of  sheep,  wool,  cattle,  and  fish  for  woven 
fabrics  and  other  manufactured  goods  and  colonial  produce. 
The  herring-fishery  is  successfully  carried  on,  both  on  the 
■  E.  and  W.  coasts.  The  principal  town  is  Dornoch.  The 
county  sends  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Sutherland,  suTH'^r-land,  a  station  in  Daviess  co., 
Ky.,  on  the  Owensborough  &  Nashville  Railroad,  7  miles 
S.  of  Owensborough. 

Sutherland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dinwiddie  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad,  about  10  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Petersburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Sutherland  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Rutland  town- 
ship, Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  on  Otter  Creek,  and  on  the  Central 
Vermont  Railroad,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Rutland.  It  has  a  quarry 
of  .statuary  marble,  and  a  fine  waterftvll. 

Sutherland's,  a  post-office  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C. 

Sutherland  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Wilson  co., 
Texas,  on  the  Cibolo,  about  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  San  Antonio. 
It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  mineral 
spring. 

Sutherland's  River,  a  post-settlement  in  Pictou  co., 
Nova  Scotia,  8  miles  from  New  Glasgow.     Pop.  150. 

Sutherlin,  suTH'?r-lin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Halifax  co., 
Va.,  on  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Milton  &  Sutherlin  Railroad,  lOi  miles  E.  of 
Danville.  It  has  a  flouring-mill,  a  jjlough-factory,  a  foun- 
■dry,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Suthrice,  the  Saxon  name  of  Suhrey,  England. 
I     Suth-Seaxe,  the  ancient  name  of  Sussex,  England. 

Sutkee'ra,  or  Satkhira,  sQt-kee'ra,  a  town  of  Ben- 
gal, 55  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Calcutta,  witli  many  temples,  a 
dispensary,  and  a  large  trade  in  rice  and  sugar  by  its  navi- 
gable canal.     Pop.  8979. 

Sutlej,  or  Sutledge,  siit'l8j,  written  also  Setledge, 
Sutluj,  and  Sutlege  (Siitoodra,  "the  hundred-chan- 
nelled ;"  anc.  Hesudrus  ?),  the  easternmost  and  largest  of 
the  "five  rivers"  of  the  Punjab,  of  whieli  it  forms  all  the 
S.E.  boundary,  rises  in  Thibet,  about  lat.  31°  5'  N.,  Ion. 
81°  6'  E.,  near  the  sources  of  the  San-Poo  (Brahmapootra), 
Goggra,  Ganges,  and  Indus,  and  at  least  20,000  feet  above 
the  sea,  flows  at  first  N.W.,  and,  having  joined  the  river 
Spiti,  8494  feet  above  the  sea,  breaks  through  the  Hima- 
layas, taking  thenceforth  mostly  a  S.W.  course  to  its  junc- 
tion with  the  Chenaub,  33  miles  W.  of  Bhawlpoor.  Total 
length,  nearly  1000  miles.  Principal  afliucnt,  the  Beas, 
with  which  river  it  encloses  the  Jullinder  Doab,  and  after 
the  influx  of  which  it  is  often  termed  the  Ghara.  In  the 
upper  part  of  its  course  it  is  a  raging  torrent ;  at  Rampoor 
it  is  about  100  yards  across;  at  Ropur,  S.  of  the  Hima- 
layas, 30  feet  deep,  and  more  than  500  yards  across  at  its 
greatest  fulness ;  at  Filor,  near  Loodianah,  700  yards  wide, 
depth  from  12  to  18  feet,  and  up  to  this  point  it  is  navi- 
gable at  all  seasons  from  the  Indus  for  vessels  of  from  10 
to  12  tons'  burden. 

Sut'phen's  Mill,  post-office,  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas. 

Sutri,  soo'tree  (anc.  Su'trium),  a  town  of  Italy,  14  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Viterbo.     Pop.  2358. 

Sutschawa,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Suczawa. 

Su'tro,  a  post-village  of  Lyon  co.,  Nevada,  in  the  Car- 


son Valley,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Sutro  tunnel,  about  10 
miles  S.  of  Virginia  City.  It  has  a  newspaper  ofiice.  Pop. 
about  450.  The  tunnel  is  nearly  4  miles  long,  and  extends 
into  the  Comstock  lode,  rich  in  silver.  Its  cost  is  stated  at 
about  $5,000,000. 

Sut'ter,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  California, 
has  an  area  of  about  700  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Feather  River,  and  on  the  W.  and  S.'*V.  by 
the  Sacramento  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is 
diversified  by  undulating  prairies.  In  the  N.W.  part  are 
three  hills,  called  Sutter  Buttes.  This  county  is  destitute 
of  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  barley,  hay,  wine, 
wool,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Oranges,  olives, 
and  figs  ripen  here  in  the  open  air.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Oregon  division  of  the  Central  Pacific  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Yuba  City.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal 
estate,  $3,707,648.  Pop.  in  1870,  5030,  of  whom  3949  were 
Americans;  in  1880,  5159. 

Sutter,  a  township  of  Amador  co.,  Cal.    Pop.  1966. 

Sutter,  a  township  of  Sacramento  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  1073. 

Sutter,  a  township  of  Sutter  co.,  Cal.     Pop.  1075. 

Sutter,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co.,  111.,  about  9  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Warsaw. 

Sutter  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Amador  co.,  Cal.,  is 
on  Sutter  Creek,  about  45  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sacramento,  and 
4  miles  N.W.  of  Jackson.  It  has  2  churches,  a  money- 
order  post-office,  2  iron-foundries,  and  productive  gold- 
mines, one  of  which,  it  is  said,  has  been  worked  to  a  depth 
of  2250  feet.     Pop.  about  1500. 

Sut'terville,  a  hamlet  of  Sacramento  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Sacramento  River,  3  miles  below  the  city  of  Sacramento. 

Sut'ton,  a  station  in  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Prov- 
idence &  Worcester  Railroad,  at  AVilkinsonville,  about  3 
miles  N.E.  of  Sutton  village. 

Sutton,  a  post- village  in  Sutton  township,  Worcester 
CO.,  Mass.,  8  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Worcester,  and  3  miles  S.  of 
the  Providence  &  Worcester  Railroad.  It  has  a  high  school 
and  3  or  4  churches.  The  township  is  drained  by  the  Black- 
stone  River,  and  has  cotton-manufactures  at  Wilkinsonville 
and  Manchaug.     Pop.  in  1880,  3105. 

Sutton,  a  station  in  St.  Louis  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri 
Pacific  Railroad,  7i  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Sutton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clay  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
Burlington  <fc  Missouri  River  Railroad,  68  miles  W.  by  S. 
of  Lincoln,  and  13  miles  E.  of  Harvard.  It  has  a  news- 
paper office,  2  churches,  a  high  school,  a  bank,  a  carriage- 
shop,  Ac.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Sutton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sutton  township,  Merrimack 
CO.,  N.H.,  about  26  miles  W.N.W.  of  Concord.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  manufactory  of  clothes-pins.  The  township 
contains  other  hamlets,  named  North  Sutton  and  South 
Sutton.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1155. 

Sutton,  a  township  of  Meigs  co.,  0.     Pop.  4369. 

Sutton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Robertson  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Houston  &  Texas  Central  Railroad,  5i  miles  S.  of  Hearne. 

Sutton,  a  post-village  in  Sutton  township,  Caledonia 
CO.,  Vt.,  18  miles  N.  of  St.  Johnsbury,  and  3  miles  from 
West  Burke  Station  of  the  Passumpsic  Railroad.  It  has  a 
church  and  about  25  houses.     Pop.  of  the  township,  920. 

Sutton,  West  Virginia.     See  Braxton  Court-House. 

Sutton,  York  CO.,  Ontario.    See  Georgi.va. 

Sut'ton-Cold'field,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  W.ar- 
wick,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Birmingham.  Pop.  of  parish,  5936. 
The  town  is  neat,  and  well  supplied  with  water.  It  has  a 
public  hall,  a  workhouse,  a  jail,  a  handsome  church,  a  Roman 
Catholic  college,  almshouses,  a  wooded  park,  <tc.,  and  some 
manufactures  of  hardware,  tools,  and  gun-barrels. 

Sutton  Flats,  a  post-village  in  Brome  co.,  Quebec,  on 
the  N.  branch  of  the  Missisquoi  River,  and  on  the  South- 
eastern Railway,  67  miles  E.S.E.  of  Montreal.  It  contains 
3  churches,  2  hotels,  7  or  8  stores,  and  grist-  and  saw-mills. 
Iron,  copper,  soapstone,  and  other  minerals  are  found  in 
the  vicinity.     It  is  a  port  of  entry.     Pop.  350. 

Sutton's,  a  township  of  Williamsburg  co.,  S.C.  P.  466. 

Sutton's  Bay,  a  post-hamlet  in  Bingham  township, 
Leelenaw  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  W.  shore  of  Grand  Traverse 
Bay,  16  or  18  miles  N.  of  Traverse  City.  It  has  2  churches 
and  2  saw-mills. 

Sutton's  Mills,  Mass.    See  North  AKPorER  Depot. 

Suvalki,  soo-vil'kee,  a  government  of  Russia,  in  Po- 
land, bordering  on  Prussia,  and  having  the  Niemen  on  the 
E.  and  N.  Area,  4846  square  miles.  Capital,  Suvalki. 
Pop.  524,489. 

Suvalki,  a  town  of  Poland,  capital  of  the  government 
of  the  same  name,  19  miles  N.  of  Augustovo.    Pop.  15,585, 

Suwanee,  or  Suwannee,  su-waw'ncc,  a  county  in 
the  N.  part  of  Florida,  has   an  area  of  about  650  squar* 


suw 


2566 


SWA 


milM.  It  is  bounded  on  tho  W.  and  S.W.  by  the  Suwance 
River.  Tho  surfnoe  is  nearly  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it 
Is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  sandy.  Indian 
eorn,  sugar-oane,  and  cotton  are  the  staple  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  tho  Jacksonville,  Pensacola  A  Mo- 
bile Railroad.  Capital,  Live  Oali.  Valuation  of  real  and 
personal  estate,  $516,657.  Pop.  in  1870,  3556,  of  whom 
3550  were  Americans;  in  1880,  7161. 

Smvanee*  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Suwanee  co., 
Fla.,  on  the  Atlantic  &  Qulf  Railroad,  near  the  Suwanee 
River,  8  miles  N.  of  Live  Oak.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
sulphur  spring,  which  is  visited  by  many  invalids. 

Suwanee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gwinnett  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Atlanta  <t  Richmond  Air-Line  Railroad,  31  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Atlanta.  It  has  2  churches,  a  cotton-gin,  4  stores,  and 
an  academy.      Pop.  in  1880,  215. 

Suwanee  Shoals,  a  post-oCSoo  of  Columbia  co.,  Fla., 
9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lake  City. 

Suwanee  River  (Indian  name,  Suioajtnee  Hatchee) 
rises  in  the  OkeGnokee  Swamp,  in  the  S.  part  of  Georgia, 
and  soon  passes  into  Florida.  It  runs  nearly  southward, 
forms  tho  W.  boundary  of  Suwanee  and  Alachua  cos.,  and 
enters  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  at  the  S.  end  of  Lafayette  co. 

Snwanoo'chee  Creek,  Georgia,  rises  in  Clinch  co., 
runs  in  a  S.S.E.  direction,  and  enters  the  Suwanee  River. 

Suwar'row  Islands,  a  group  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  in 
lat.  13°  20'  S.,  Ion.  163°  30'  W. 

Suweik,  sooVaik',  a  maritime  village  of  Arabia,  do- 
minions and  70  miles  W.N.W.  of  Muscat. 

Suzdal,  a  town  of  Russia.    Seo  Soozdal. 

Suze,  La,  19,  siiz,  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Sarthe,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Le  Mans,  on  the  Sarthe.   P.  1754. 

Suzzara,  soot-si'ri,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Lombardy, 
11  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mantua.     Pop.  3544. 

Svanike,  sv3,'no-k§h,  a  town  of  Denmark,  on  the  E. 
coast  of  the  island  of  Bornholm,  in  the  Baltic  Sea.    P.  1 1 12. 

Svapa,  or  Swapa,  svi'pi,  a  river  of  Russia,  flows 
S.S.W.,  and  joins  the  Seim  in  the  government  of  Koorsk. 
Total  course,  80  miles. 

SvartsioBlandet,  svaRt's'yo-l&n^d^t,  or  Svartsjd- 
lande,  svaRt's'yo-l3,nM9h,  an  island  of  Sweden,  in  Lake 
Maelar,  hen  and  10  miles  W.  of  Stockholm. 

Sveaborg,  or  Sweaborg,  svi'i-bong^  a  fortified 
town  of  Russian  Finland,  on  7  islands  in  the  Gulf  of  Fin- 
land, immediately  S.E.  of  Helsingfors.  Its  quarters  are 
connected  by  pontoons.  It  has  numerous  military  works 
and  batteries,  a  military  arsenal,  and  an  excellent  harbor. 

Svedese.    See  Sweden. 

Sveer,  Svir,  or  Swir,  sveer,  a  river  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment of  Olonets,  leaves  Lake  Onega  near  its  S.AV.  ex- 
tremity, and,  after  a  W.  course  of  130  miles,  enters  Lake 
Ladoga  on  its  E.  side,  23  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ladeinoe-Pole. 
The  Canal  of  Sveer  runs  parallel  to  Lake  Ladoga  on  the  S. 

Svendborg,  svSnd'boRO,  a  town  of  Denmark,  on  the 
S.  coast  of  the  island  of  Funen,  opposite  the  island  of  Taa- 
singo.  Pop.  2421.  It  has  docks,  distilleries,  a  good  har- 
bor, and  an  active  export  trade. 

Svenigorod,  svi-ne-go-rod',  written  also  Swenigo- 
rod,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  35  miles  W.  of 
Moscow,  on  the  Moskva.     Pop.  1759. 

Svenigorodka,  svi-ne-go-rod'kS,,  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  of  Kiev,  19  miles  S.  of  Bogooslav.  Pop.  11,375. 

Sventsiany,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Sviecianv. 

Sverige,  Sverig,  and  Svezia.    See  Swede.n. 

Sviaga,  or  Swiaga,  sve-i'gi,  a  river  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment of  Sirabeersk,  flows  N.  into  the  government  of 
Kazan,  and  joins  the  Volga  on  the  right,  near  Sviazhsk. 
Length,  200  miles. 

Sviatoi-Nos,  sve-i'toi-nos,  a  headland  of  Russia,  in 
Archangel,  at  the  W.  entrance  of  the  White  Sea. 

Sviazhsk,  Sviaschsk,  or  Svitysk,  sve-izhsk',  a 
town  of  Russia,  government  and  21  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ka- 
■an,  on  the  Sviaga  (or  Sviaja),  near  its  confluence  with  the 
Volga.     It  has  7  churches  and  a  monastery.     Pop.  2523. 

Svieciany,  or  Swieciany,  sve-5t-se-4'nee,  written 
also  Sventsiany,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  45 
miles  N.E.  of  Vilna.     Pop.  5854. 

Svir,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Sveeb. 

Svisiotch  (Svislotsh,  or  Swislotsch),  a  river  of 
Russia,  rises  in  the  government  of  Grodno,  a  little  N.W.  of 
the  town  of  Minsk,  flows  S.E.,  and,  after  a  course  of  about 
100  miles,  joins  the  Beresina. 

Svizzera,  Svizzero.    See  Switzerland. 

Swabia,  or  Suabia,  swi'be-9.  (Ger.  Schwaben,  shwl'- 
b§n  ;  Fr.  Souabe,  soo-ib'  or  swib),  one  of  the  old  circles  of 
South  Germany,  enclosed  by  France,  Switzerland,  and  the 
•irclos  of  Upper  Rhine,  Franconia,  and  Bavaria.   It  is  now 


sabdivided  among  tho  dominions  of  WUrtemberg,  Bade 
Bavaria,  and  Prussia  (Ilohcnzollern).  The  Bavarian  cin 
of  Swabia  is  watered  by  the  Mindcl,  Lech,  and  Illcr.  Art 

3858  square  miles.    Pop.  601,910. Adj.  and  inhab.Sw 

BIAN,  8wiV'be-an. 

Swabinn  Alps,  mountains  of  WUrtemborg.  SeeAi 

Swnburg,  swaw'bQrg,  a  post-office  of  Dodge  co.,  Nol 

SwadMingcote,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Dorhv 
miles  S.E.  of  Burton-on-Trent. 

Swatf'ham,  a  town  of  England,  in  Norfolk,  14  mil 
E.S.E.  of  Lynn-Regis.  Pop.  of  parish,  3700.  The  tow 
on  a  height,  is  one  of  tho  best  built  in  the  county,  and  hi 
streets  diverging  from  a  spacious  market-place,  an  elegni 
church,  a  market-cros?,  a  town  hall,  an  assembly-roun 
theatre,  free  school,  and  county  jail. 

Swain,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  North  CarolinT 
borders  on  Tennessee.  It  is  drained  by  the  Little  Tenne 
see  River.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  and  partly  covercl 
with  forests.     Capital,  Charleston.      Pop.  in  1880,  3784. 

Swain,  a  station  in  Cajie  May  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Wc: 
Jersey  Railroad,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Cape  May  Court-Honso. 

Swain,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  on  th 
Erie  Railroad,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Hornellsville.  It  ha 
manufactures  of  lumber,  barrels,  and  handles. 

SAVaine's  Island,  on  the  N.  side  of  Bonavista  Bn)i 
Newfoundland,  4  miles  from  Green's  Pond.  It  is  inhabitcl 
by  fishermen,  and  has  a  fine  harbor.     Pop.  265. 

Swains'borough,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Emanuel 
CO.,  Ga.,  about  76  miles  S.S.W.  of  Augusta.  It  has  t 
churches,  an  academy,  and  a  newspaper  oflice.     Pop.  188. 

Swain's  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  Ala.      I 

Swakop,  swi'kop*  (or  Somerset)  River,  in  Sonthi 
west  Africa,  enters  Walviscb  Bay,  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  ii 
lat.  22°  45'  S. 

Swale,  swail,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  York,  Nortl] 
Riding,  rises  near  the  border  of  Westmoreland,  flows  E.ani' 
S.E.  past  Richmond,  and  joins  the  Ure  near  Boroughbridgc 
Total  course,  70  miles. 

Swale,  East  and  West,  in  England,  two  branches  0 
rather  two  mouths  of  the  Medway  River,  in  Kent,  boundin; 
the  island  of  Sheppey.  East  Swale  enters  the  Thames  ai 
Whitstable  Bay,  and  is  noted  for  its  oyster-beds.  ' 

Swale,  swail,  a  post-office  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.  < 

Swal'loAV  Bluff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Decatur  co.,  Tenn.ij 
on  the  Tennessee  River,  about  48  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Jackson  1 

Swally,  swil'lee,  a  maritime  village  of  British  India 
presidency  of  Bombay,  district  and  forming  the  outportof 
Surat  (from  which  It  is  20  miles  W.),  at  the  mouth  of  the 
river  Taptee. 

Swamp  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y. 

Swamp  Run,  a  post-office  of  Upshur  co.,  W.  Va. 

Swamp'scott,  a  post-village  and  fashionable  water-! 
ing-place  in  Swampscott  township,  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  on 
Ma.ssachusett8  Bay,  and  on  the  Eastern  Railroad,  13  miles 
N.E.  of  Boston,  and  2  miles  N.E.  of  Lynn.  Here  are  good 
beaches,  4  hotels,  and  many  cottages  and  boarding-houses. 
The  village  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  publio 
library,  and  a  town  hall.    Pop.  of  township,  in  1880,  2500 

Swan,  swin,  a  river  of  the  Punjab,  rises  in  a  range  of 
the  Himalayas,  in  lat.  33°  55'  N.,  Ion.  73°  10'  E.,  flows 
S.W.,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  120  miles,  joins  the  Induf 
on  the  left,  10  miles  below  Mukkud. 

Swan,  a  township  of  Warren  co..  III.     Pop.  1007. 

Swan,  a  post-hamlet  in  Swan  township.  Noble  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Grand  Rapids  A  Indiana  Railroad,  19  miles  N.  by  W. 
of  Fort  Wayne.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  graded 
school.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1630, 

Swan,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  883. 

Swan,  Hocking  co.,  0.    See  New  Mount  Pleasa.nt. 

Swan,  a  township  of  Vinton  co.,  0.     Pop.  1002. 

Swan'age,  or  Swan'wick,  a  town  of  England,  co. 
of  Dorset,  on  the  coast  of  the  Isle  of  Purbeck,  5  miles 
S.E.  of  Corfe  Castle.  Pop.  of  parish,  2151.  It  has  a  bay 
for  vessels  of  300  tons,  a  herring-fishery,  and  stone-quarries. 
It  is  resorted  to  for  sea-bathing. 

Swan  Bluff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hickman  co.,  Tenn.,  26 
miles  W.  of  Columbia. 

Swan  City,  a  hamlet  of  Saline  co..  Neb.,  on  Turkey 
Creek,  about  40  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Lincoln. 

Swan  Creek,  of  Michigan,  enters  St.  Joseph's  Eivei 
near  tho  W.  line  of  Branch  co. 

Swan  Creek,  of  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  flows  into  Lnke 
Erie. 

Swan  Creek,  Missouri,  runs  southward  through  Chris- 
tian CO.,  and  enters  White  River  at  Forsyth,  in  Taney  co. 

Swan  Creek,  Ohio,  intersects  Lucas  co.,  and  enter* 
the  Maumec  River  at  Toledo. 


SWA 


2567 


SWA 


Swan  Creek,  a  post-village  in  Swan  township,  War- 
ren CO.,  III.,  on  the  Rookford,  Rook  Island  &  St.  Louis  Rail- 
road, 17  miles  S.  of  Monmouth.  It  has  a  church,  an  ele- 
rator,  a  flour-mill,  a  plough-factory,  and  5  stores.  Large 
quantities  of  corn  and  pork  are  here  shipped.  Coal  is  found 
near  this  place.     Pop.  about  250;  of  township,  542. 

Swan  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  7 
miles  from  Allegan. 

Swan  Creek,  a  hamlet  and  station  in  Swan  Creek 
township,  Saginaw  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Saginaw  Valley  &  St. 
Louis  Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Saginaw.  It  has  2  saw- 
mills.    Pop.  of  the  township,  542. 

Swan  Creek,  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.    See  Faiii  Haven. 

Swan  Creek,  a  township  of  Fulton  co.,  0.    Pop.  1100. 

Swan  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gallia  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  about  16  miles  below  Gallipolis. 

Swan'der,  a  station  in  Seneca  co.,  0.,  on  the  Mans- 
field, Coldwater  &  Tiffin  Railroad,  5  miles  E.S.E.  of  Tiffin. 

Swan'der's  Cross'ing,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  oo., 
0.,  on  the  Dayton  &  Michigan  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of 
Sidney. 

Swan'go,  a  hamlet  of  Edgar  co.,  III.,  on  the  Paris  & 
Danville  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Paris. 

Swan  Island,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co.,  Tenn. 

Swan  Islands,  a  group  in  Banks'  Strait,  3^  miles  N.E. 
of  Tasmania. 

Swan  Islands,  Caribbean  Sea.     See  Santanilla. 

Swankville,  Pennsylvania.    See  Schwenksville. 

Swan  Lake,  Nicollet  co.,  Minn.,  is  about  12  miles  W. 
of  St.  Peter.     It  is  nearly  9  miles  long. 

Swan  Lake,  AVisconsin,  is  in  Columbia  co.,  about  1 
mile  N.E.  of.  Portage  City.  It  is  about  4  miles  long,  and 
IS  an  e.tpansion  of  Fox  River,  which  issues  from  its  W.  end. 
The  water  is- deep  and  pure. 

Swan  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Arkansas  co.,  Ark.,  on 
the  Arkansas  River,  about  20  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Pine  Bluff. 
It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy. 

Swan  Lake,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Turner  co.,  Da- 
kota, on  a  small  lake,  surrounded  by  a  rolling  prairie,  30 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Yankton.  It  has  a  church  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  about  250. 

SAVan  Lake,  a  township  of  Emmett  co.,  Iowa.    P.  47. 

Swan  Lake,  township,  Pocahontas  co.,  Iowa.   Pop.  36. 

Swan  Lake,  township,  Meeker  o"  .  Minn.     Pop.  772. 

Swan  Lake  City,  a  post-office  oi  Emmett  co.,  Iowa. 

Swann,  a  township  of  Taney  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1787. 

Swan'nano'a,  a  post-township  of  Buncombe  co.,  N.C., 
about  10  miles  N.E.  of  Asheville.     Pop.  1526. 

Swann's  Station,  a  post-village  in  Greenwood  town- 
ship, Moore  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  Western  Railroad  of  North 
Carolina.     It  has  3  churches  and  3  turpentine-distilleries. 

Swan  Quar'ter,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hyde  eo., 
N.C.,  in  Swan  Quarter  township,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Pam- 
lico Sound,  about  60  miles  E.N.E.  of  New-Berne.  It  has 
2  churches.     Pop.  of  tbe  township,  1115. 

Swan  River,  Minnesota,  rises  in  Swan  Lake,  Itasca 
CO.,  runs  southward,  and  enters  the  Mississippi  River  near 
lat.  47°  N.     The  lake  is  about  7  miles  in  extent. 

Swan  River,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Morrison 
CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  near  the  mouth  of 
Swan  River,  about  30  miles  N.  of  St.  Cloud.  Pop.  of  town- 
ship, 330. 

Swan  River,  the  principal  river  of  West  Australia, 
rises,  under  the  name  of  Avon,  near  lat.  32°  30'  S.,  Ion. 
117°  E.,  flows  successively  N.  and  W.  through  the  cos.  of 
Grantham,  York,  and  Perth,  and  enters  the  Indian  Ocean 
at  a  bay  called  Melville  Water,  in  lat.  32°  S.and  Ion.  115° 
42'  E.  The  affluents  are  numerous,  and  on  its  banks  are 
many  tracts  of  fertile  land,  and  the  settlements  of  Free- 
mantle,  Perth,  Guildford,  Toodyoy,  Northam,  York,  and 
Beverley.  It  is  liable  to  sudden  and  violent  floods,  which 
inundate  the  surrounding  country.  It  gave  name  to  the 
first  colonial  settlement  in  Western  Australia,  founded  in 
1829.    See  Western  Australia. 

Swansborongh,  swJnz'biir-rfih,  a  post-village  in 
Swansborough  township,  Onslow  co.,  N.C.,  on  an  inlet  of 
the  sea,  about  34  miles  W.  of  Beaufort.  It  has  a  church, 
2  turpentine-distilleries,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  141;  of  the 
township,  1475.     Fish  and  oysters  abound  here. 

Swansea,  swSn'see  (AVelsh,  Aber-Tawy, ah'her  tSw'ee), 
a  seaport  town  of  Wales,  co.  of  Glamorgan,  on  the  W.  side 
of  the  Towy,  at  its  mouth  in  Swansea  Bay,  Bristol  Chan- 
nel, 28  miles  W.S.W.  of  Merthyr-Tydvil.  Lat.  of  the  light- 
house, 51°  37'  N.;  Ion.  3°  56'  W.  It  is  well  built,  and  has 
a  good  market-house,  court-house,  infirmary,  assembly- 
rooms,  a  theatre,  reading-  and  news-rooms,  royal  and  me- 
jhanics'  institutions,  various  chapels,  a  synagogue,  many 


schools  and  public  endowments,  many  banks,  handsome 
residences  near  the  sea,  a  county  house  of  correction,  the 
remains  of  an  old  castle,  now  used  for  barracks,  a  prison, 
and  stores.  The  harbor,  at  the  mouth  of  the  river,  is  nearly 
enclosed  by  two  handsome  piers,  on  the  W.  side  of  which  ia 
a  light-house.  Floating  docks  have  been  constructed  hero, 
and  Swansea  communicates  with  London  by  the  South 
Wales  Railroad,  and  with  Neath  and  the  coal  and  iron  dis- 
tricts by  various  local  lines  of  which  it  is  the  terminus. 

The  vicinity  of  extensive  mines  of  coal  of  a  quality  pe- 
culiarly adapted  for  smelting-purposcs,  and  the  easy  access 
to  the  town  both  by  sea  and  inland  navigation,  have  made 
it  the  principal  seat  of  the  copper-trade,  almost  all  the  cop- 
per ore  obtained  in  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  and  more 
from  foreign  mines,  being  smelted  at  the  furnaces,  of  which 
there  are  many  within  and  close  to  the  town.  Next  to  cop- 
per-smelting furnaces,  the  most  important  industrial  estab- 
lishments are  iron-works  (including  foundries),  zinc-works, 
tinplate-works,  breweries,  roperies,  potteries,  and  yards  for 
the  building  and  repairing  of  ships.  Owing  to  the  height 
to  which  the  tide  rises  in  the  Bristol  Channel,  vessels  of 
large  burden  easily  get  to  the  town,  but  at  ebb  the  harbor 
is  left  almost  dry.  A  very  large  proportion  both  of  its  ves- 
sels and  tonnage  is  employed  in  the  coasting-trade.  The 
chief  imports  are  copper  ore,  grain,  and  provisions  from 
Ireland,  timber  from  America  and  tbe  Baltic,  hemp,  tallow, 
and  flour;  the  chief  exports,  copper,  iron,  coal,  culm,  lime, 
and  earthenware.  The  borough  is  governed  by  a  mayor,  5 
aldermen,  and  18  councillors,  and  unites  with  Neath, 
Castel-Llych\VT,  Aberavon,  <fec.,  in  sending  a  member  to 
Parliament.     Pop.  in  1871,  51,702  ;  in  1881,  65,597. 

Swansea,  swon'ze,  or  SAvan'zey,  a  post-village  of 
Bristol  CO.,  Mass.,  in  a  township  of  its  own  name,  4  or  5 
miles  N.N.W,  of  Fall  River.  The  township  is  bounded  on 
the  S.  by  Mount  Hope  Bay,  and  intersected  by  the  Provi- 
dence, Warren  &  Fall  River  Railroad.  It  contains  5 
churches  and  3  grist-mills.     Pop.  of  township  (1880),  1355. 

Swansea,  a  post-office  of  Renville  co.,  Minn, 

Swansey,  Cheshire  co.,  N.H.    See  Swaxzey, 

Sevan's  Island,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co..  Me., 
about  25  miles  S.E.  of  Castine.  It  is  on  Swan's  Island, 
which  is  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  is  about  5  miles  long 
and  2i  miles  wide.  It  has  a  safe  and  capacious  harbor, 
which  is  seldom  obstructed  by  ice.  The  inhabitants  are 
supported  chiefly  by  the  fishing-business.  Pop.  of  the  island, 
765.    See  also  Perkins. 

Swan'sonville,  a  post-office  of  Pittsylvania  co.,  Ya. 

Swan'ton,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Iowa,  about  20 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Cedar  Falls. 

Swanton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Garrett  co.,  Md.,  on  tbe 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  14  miles  W.  of  Piedmont. 
Elevation,  2500  feet.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Swanton,  a  post-village  of  Fulton  co.,  0.,  in  Swan 
Creek  and  Fulton  townships,  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michi- 
gan Southern  Railroad,  19  miles  AV.  by  S.  of  Toledo.  It 
has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  staves,  and 
heading.     Much  grain,  lumber,  &c.,  is  shipped  here. 

SAvanton,  a  township  of  Lucas  co.,  0.     Pop.  447. 

Swanton,  or  Swanton  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Swan- 
ton township,  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Missisquoi  River 
and  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Portland  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  St.  Albans, 
and  2  or  3  miles  E.  of  Lake  Champlain.  It  contains  1  or  2 
churches,  an  academy,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  2  tan- 
neries, 2  saw-mills,  a  flour-mill,  Ac.  Here  is  Swanton  Post- 
Office.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Lake  Cham- 
plain.  Here  are  quarries  of  white  and  variegated  marble. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  in  1880,  3079;  of  the  village,  1200. 

Swanton  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Vt., 
about  oO  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Burlington. 

Swanton  Junction,  a  post-hamlet  in  Swanton  town- 
ship, Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railroad, 
at  the  junction  of  the  Western  division  with  the  Northern 
division,  6  miles  N.  of  St.  Albans. 

Swanville,  swon'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co., 
Ind.,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Lexington. 

SAVanville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Swanville  township,  Waldo 
CO.,  Me.,  6  miles  N.  of  Belfast.     Pop.  of  the  township,  770. 

Swanville,  a  hamlet  of  Saline  co..  Neb.,  about  38  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Lincoln.     It  has  2  churches. 

Swanville,  a  post-haralet  of  Erie  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Lake 
Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  9  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Erie.     It  has  a  paper-mill. 

SAvanwick,  a  town  of  England.    See  Swanage. 

SAVanAVick,  sw5n'wik,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co.,  111., 
on  the  St.  Louis,  Alton  &  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  20  milei 
N.W.  of  Ducjuoin.    It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 


tfWA 


2568 


SWE 


Swanwick,  swCn'wTk,  a  post-haralot  of  Ray  co.,  Mo., 
on  the  St.  Joseph  division  of  the  St.  Louis,  Kunsiu  City  & 
Northern  IJiiilroa<l,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Uiuhinond. 

Swauzey,  swdn'ze,  a  nost-hamlot  in  Swunzey  township, 
Cheshire  co.,  N.U.,  near  tlie  Cheshire  Railroad,  4  miles  S. 
of  Keene.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  lumber, 
pails,  and  wooden-ware.  The  township  is  drained  by  the 
Ashuelot  River,  and  contains  a  village  named  West  Swan- 
xey,  in  which  is  Swanzoy  Station  of  the  Ashuelot  Railroad. 

Swapa,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Svai-a. 

Swarlh'inorc,  a  post-borough  of  Delaware  oo.,  Pa. 
(incorporated  in  1893),  on  the  Central  (West  Chester  A 
Philadelphia)  Division  of  the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  & 
Baltimore  Railroad,  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  is 
the  scat  ofSwarthmore  College  (of  the  Society  of  Friends), 
which  was  organized  in  1869,  is  open  to  both  sexes,  and  has 
some  25  instructors  and  200  students. 

Swarts'wood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J,,  in 
Stillwater  township,  5  miles  W.  of  Newton.  It  has  2 
churches.     Here  is  a  fine  lake,  2}  miles  long. 

Swart'wood,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Chemung  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Van  Etten  township,  on  the  Utica,  Ithaca  A  El- 
mira  Railroad,  21  miles  N.E.  of  Elmira.  It  has  a  church, 
a  lumber-mill,  and  a  carriage-shop.  It  is  15  miles  by  air- 
line from  Elmira. 

Swart'wout,  a  hamlet  of  San  Jacinto  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Trinity  River,  about  100  miles  N.  of  Galveston. 

Su'artz  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  in  Clayton  and.  Gaines 
townships,  Genesee  co.,  Mich.,  at  Hamilton  Station,  about 
10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Flint.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill, 
and  3  stores. 

Swartz'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  oo.,  Pa., 
about  12  miles  S.W.  of  Reading.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Swatara,  Bw^-tah'r§.,  a  township  of  Lebanon  co.,  Pa. 
Pop.  2015. 

Swatara,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  in  Reilly 
township,  on  the  Tremont  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  by  S.  of 
Pottsvillo.     It  has  a  church  and  a  colliery. 

Swatara  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Schuylkill  co., 
runs  southwestward  through  Lebanon  nnd  Dauphin  cos., 
and  enters  the  Susquehanna  River  at  Middletown.  It  is 
about  65  miles  long. 

Swatara  Gap,  a  station  in  Lebanon  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Lebanon  &  Tremont  Branch  of  the  Reading  Railroad,  13  i 
miles  N.  of  Lebanon. 

Swatara  Station,  a  post -hamlet  of  Dauphin  co..  Pa., 
in  Derry  township,  on  the  Lebanon  Valley  Railroad,  12 
miles  E.  of  Harrisburg. 

Swatch  of  No> Ground,  a  depression  or  basin  in 
the  sea-bottom,  in  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  off  the  mouths  of  the 
Ganges.  Lat.  21°-21°  22'  N.  It  is  nearly  circular,  and 
has  never  been  sounded,  though  all  around  it  the  water  is 
comparatively  shoal. 

Swatow,  8w&H6w',  a  treaty-port  of  China,  province  of 
Quang-Tong,  on  the  estuary  of  the  river  Ilang-Ki.ing,  5 
miles  from  the  open  sea,  and  225  miles  E.N.E.  of  Canton. 
It  is  the  seat  of  an  active  foreign  commerce,  and  has  man- 
ufactures of  sugar,  paper,  porcelain,  and  fans.  The  town  is 
mostly  built  of  concrete,  and  the  people  are  noted  for  their 
enterprise.     Pop.  30,000. 

Swea,  swe'a,  a  post-office  of  Kossuth  co.,  Iowa,  25 
miles  N.  of  Algona. 

Sweaborg,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  SvEAnono. 

Sweaburg,  swe'a-burg,  a  post-village  in  0."cford  co., 
Ontario,  6  miles  S.  of  Woodstock.  It  contains  a  grist-mill, 
3  saw-mills,  and  2  stores.     Pop.  200. 

Swea-rika.    See  Sweden. 

Swcdeburg,  sweed'biirg,  post-office,  Saunders  co.,  Neb. 

Swede  (sweed)  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co., 
Kansas,  9  miles  from  Waterville. 

Swede  Grove,  a  village  in  Acton  township.  Meeker 
CO.,  Minn.,  7  miles  W.  of  Litchfield.  It  is  on  the  St.  Paul  & 
Pacific  Railroad,  85  miles  W.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  2  churches. 
Here  is  Grove  City  Post-Office. 

Swede  Grove,  township,  Meeker  co.,  Minn.     P.  618. 

Swedeland,  Morris  co.,  Kansas.     See  White  City. 

Swedeland,  Montgomery  co..  Pa.     See  Swedesburg. 

S we'den  (Sw.  Scerige,  svi're-gh§h,  or  Swea-rikn,  swi'3.- 
ree'ki;  Dan.  Sverig,  svi'rig;  Ger.  Schioedeit,  shwd'd^n ; 
Dutch,  Ziceden,  zwi'd^n ;  Fr.  Sulde,  swaid  or  swfid ;  Sp. 
Sitecia,  awk'the-K ;  It.  Seezia,  svli'ze-& ;  L.  Sue'dia),  a 
country  of  North  Europe,  forming  the  E.  and  larger  portion 
of  the  Scandinavian  peninsula,  and  one  of  the  kingdoms 
composing  the  monarchy  of  Sweden  and  Norway,  situate 
between  lat.  55°  20'  and  09°  N.  and  Ion.  11°  15'  and  24° 
E.,  bounded  E.  by  the  Baltic,  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia,  and  Rub- 


aia,  S.  by  the  Baltic,  W.  by  Norway,  the  Cattogat,  and  th* 
Sound.     Capital,  Stockholm.     Area  and  pop.  as  fullowi 


Ii«n  or  Province. 


Maliiifihns 

Chi'iHtiuiistad 

Ciirliirruiia 

Kr(iiii)l)erg.- , 

JUnkiiping , 

Kiilinar 

I.liikii|iiiig 

llnluistHil 

MarlcRtnd 

Elhborft 

GutlieiiUiirg  and  Bulius,, 
Uuttland  Inland 


Total,  Oothlaud.. 


Stockliolm— City., 

Stockliulm 

U|i8al , 

NykOi)ing 

Westmauland 

ijrobro 

CiirUtad , 

Falun , 


Total,  Sweden  proper.. 


CoBe 

IleniUHand 

Jemtland 

Wegterbotten .... 
Norrbotten 


Total,  Norrland  and  Lapland... 


Total,  Sweden  entire 167,477 


Square 
milus. 


1,781 

2,W17 
],ir,4 
8,841 
4,2U2 
4,2.'>8 
4,220 
1,893 
3,:!()7 
4,948 
1,891 
1,227 


35,335 


13 
2,995 
2,1153 
2,510 
2,02;l 
3,502 
7,348 
11,421 


32,409 


7,501 
9,493 
20,880 
21,942 
39,791 


99,073 


I'op.  Dm. 
SI,  U&i. 


349,308 
227,947 
138,7;0 
1«7,930 
195W 
24:1,333 
204,345 
134,274 
255,43(1 
284,879 
206,096 
63,293 


2,580,871 


,325 
,486 
,151 
,766 
,168 

';m 
,m 

,242 


1,353,702 


181,349 
174,750 

80,580 
109,203 

02,WI0 


641,642 


4,579,116 


Sweden  is  divided  into  24  loens  or  provinces,  subdivided 
into  117  fiigder,  excepting  the  capital,  which  forms  a  gov- 
ernment by  itself.  These  administrative  divisions  are 
grouj)ed  in  three  regions,  Norrland,  Sweden  projier  or 
Svealand,  and  Gothland.  Swedish  towns  are  thinly  inhab- 
ited, being  left  almost  entirely  to  manufacturers  and  mer- 
chants, while  there  are  no  beggars;  and  all  landed  proprie- 
tors, and  even  nobles,  engage  in  agricultural  operations. 
The  Scandinavian  Alps  traverse  the  country  in  the  AV.,  and 
separate  it  from  Norway ;  many  of  their  summits  are  con- 
stantly snow-clad.  From  this  mountain-region  the  country 
slopes  E.  to  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia,  forming  in  its  descent  two 
elevated  table-lands;  the  first  or  westernmost  is  2000  feet 
and  the  easternmost  360  to  800  feet  above  the  sea.  The 
tract  of  country  bordering  the  Baltic  is  under  300  feet  in 
elevation.  The  greater  part  of  the  surface  is  flat,  and  the 
S.  portion  constitutes  the  plain  of  Scania.  A  lino  is  sup- 
posed to  traverse  the  country  in  lat.  66°  3'  N.,  on  which 
the  land  is  turning  as  on  a  pivot;  towards  the  N.  elevation 
is  proceeding  at  rates  varying  up  to  about  4  feet  in  a  cen- 
tury, while  S.  of  it  there  is  a  slow  and  gradual  subsidence. 
The  country  is  watered  by  numerous  streams,  none  of  which 
are  large ;  the  principal  are,  from  N.  to  S.,  the  Tornei, 
Luled,  PiteA,  Umcil,  Angermann,  Ljusne,  and  Dal,  which 
flow  S.E.  to  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia,  the  Motala,  which  traverses 
Lake  Wetter  to  the  Baltic,  and  the  Gtitha,  which  drains 
Lake  Wener  to  the  Cattegat.  Nearly  one-eighth  of  the 
superficies  is  covered  by  lakes,  some  of  which  are  very  ex- 
tensive. The  largest  are  Wener,  Wetter,  Mrolar,  and  Iljel- 
mar,  all  in  the  S.  provinces;  they  afford  great  advantages 
for  navigation.  These  lakes  are  connected  bj'  canals,  the 
chief  of  which  are  those  of  Sodertelge,  Hjelmar  or  Arboga, 
Stromsholm,  and  Trolhiitta,  which,  with  two  other  canals, 
unite  the  Atlantic  Ocean  with  the  lialtic  Sea  and  are  called 
conjointly  the  Gotha  Canal.  There  are  extensive  marshy 
tracts  along  the  shores.  The  coast,  which  has  a  develop- 
ment of  1400  miles,  is  deeply  indented,  forming  vast  bays 
and  fiords,  and  studded  with  a  multitude  of  low  sandy 
islands,  the  chief  of  which  are  Gottland  and  Oland  in  the 
Baltic.  The  latter  is  separated  from  the  mainland  by 
Kalmar  Sound,  and  has  good  pasture-ground.  The  cli- 
mate of  Sweden  is  mild  for  its  northern  position,  the  incac 
temperature  of  the  year  at  Stockholm  tjeing  42.2°  Fah". 
The  W.  coasts  are  more  mild  and  moist  than  the  E.  coast*. 
The  summers  are  very  hot,  and  the  winters  extremely  cold. 
Spring  is  almost  unknown.  In  the  N.  the  rivers  are  frozen 
and  snow  covers  the  ground  for  five  or  six  months  in  tb« 


SWE 


2509 


SWE 


fear ;  in  the  central  regions  winter  lasts  for  three  or  four 
lonths.  N.  of  lat.  61°  mercury  often  freezes.  In  Swedish 
^apland  the  summer  lasts  56  days,  from  June  23  till  Au- 
'ust  18,  when  the  ground  is  again  covered  with  snow  and 
<'o.  The  amount  of  rain  is  much  less  than  in  Norway, 
.'ho  air  is  generally  pure,  and  there  are  no  contagious  dis- 
ases.  The  prevailing  winds  are  S.W.  and  W.  The  soil  is 
jot  generally  fertile;  but  the  produce  is  adequate  to  the 
onsumption.  The  part  of  Sweden  comprised  between  the 
ound  and  the  river  Dal  has  made  great  progress  in  agri- 
ulture  within  the  last  20  or  30  years.  Barley  is  cultivated 
8  far  N.  as  lat.  69°,  but  the  crops  frequently  fail.  Rye, 
emp,  and  potatoes  are  grown  to  66°  N.  Oats  ripen  to  lat. 
3°  30';  wheat  and  hops  cease  to  be  cultivated  with  ad- 
antage  beyond  lat.  62°  N.  Fruit  trees  are  limited  to  the 
.  of  lat.  62°,  but  N.  of  this  latitude  two  species  of  brier  are 
ultivated  for  their  delicious  berries,  which  are  very  much 
sed  in  a  variety  of  forms.  The  reindeer-moss  furnishes 
)od  for  these  animals  and  for  cattle.  One-fourth  of  the 
irfaco  is  covered  with  forests,  but  the  produce  of  timber  is 
nail;  much  of  it  is  used  for  fuel  and  made  into  charcoal 
>r  use  in  the  mines.  The  principal  trees  are  the  pine,  fir, 
nd  birch,  which  ejftend  to  the  extreme  N.  of  the  country, 
le  lime,  elm,  ash,  willow,  and  alder,  between  lat.  61°  and 
3°  N.,  the  oak,  to  lat.  61°,  and  beech,  to  lat.  57°.  Tar  and 
Etch  are  extracted  from  the  roots  of  the  pine.  Hearing  of 
jve-stock  is  an  important  branch  of  industry,  but  the  pas- 
pres  are  poor,  horses  and  cattle  small,  and  the  sheep  yield 
n  inferior  wool.  Great  encouragements,  however,  are  given 
I  improvements  in  the  breed ;  and  the  introduction  of  the 
|orino  and  Saxony  sheep  promises  complete  success.  In  1873 
10  woods  and  forests  covered  11,489,395  acres,  the  area 
nJer  crops,  fallow,  and  grass  was  3,303,668  acres,  and 
■eadows  and  permanent  pasture  extended  over  4,884,881 
wes.  The  pasture-lands  abound  in  horses,  cattle,  sheep, 
n. ;  but  N.  of  lat.  64°  the  reindeer  is  the  only  domestic 
pimal.  Among  wild  animals  are  the  bear,  which,  how- 
rer,  is  scarce,  the  wolf,  lynx,  fox,  marten,  lemming,  hare, 
[id  squirrel.  Fish  are  abundant  on  the  coasts  and  in  the 
kes  and  rivers.  The  mining  districts  of  Sweden,  mostly 
the  central  provinces,  extend  over  16,000  square  miles; 
0  mines  are  open  like  stone-quarries;  the  chief  product 
iron,  which  is  distributed  over  nearly  all  the  country,  but 

0  best  is  found  in  the  province  of  Upsal ;  the  annual  prod- 
:o  of  all  the  mines  is  about  70,000  tons  of  bar  iron.  The 
jhest  copper-mines  are  at  Falun ;  the  annual  produce  in 

1  is  about  1000  tons.  Gold  is  procured  only  to  a  small  ex- 
nt.  The  other  mineral  products  are  silver,  alum,  man- 
nese,  zinc,  sulphate  of  iron,  cobalt,  and  coal  of  inferior 
lality.  Industry,  notwithstanding  recent  progress,  is  still 
^tle  developed.  The  exports,  per  annum,  of  timber,  grains, 
)n,  steel,  and  tar  amount  to  the  value  of  $60,000,000; 
e  imports,  of  cotton,  iron,  coals,  wool,  hides,  machinery, 
.rdwares,  coffee,  apparel,  oils,  indigo,  copper,  logwood, 
la.,  sugar,  <fcc.,  to  $72,000,000.  The  manufactures  are 
)ollens,  sugar,  tobacco,  paper,  linens,  cotton  (in  small 
^antity),  gloves,  and  mathematical  and  other  instruments; 
d  tanning  is  an  important  branch  of  industry.  Ship- 
ilding  is  carried  on  to  some  extent.  Distilling  and  brew- 
^  are  extensively  prosecuted.  The  internal  commerce  of 
./oden  is  considerable,  and  Swedish  vessels  visit  most  of 
.0  Atlantic  ports  of  South  America,  and  the  Mediterranean, 
igland,  and  Russia.  In  January,  1885,  there  were  4301 
lies  of  railway  in  operation,  chiefly  connecting  Stockholm 
th  the  ports  on  the  S.W.  coast.  Government  is  a  limited 
nstitutional  monarchy ;  its  administration  is  entirely  dis- 

ct  from  that  of  Norway,  and  the  king  shares  the  legis- 
live  power  with  the  assembly  of  the  states,  which  is  corn- 
ed of  two  chambers.  The  established  religion  is  Lutheran ; 
ire  are  a  few  Roman  Catholics,  Jews,  Baptists,  Methodists, 

but  all  sects  are  tolerated.  An  archbishop,  chosen  by 
king,  resides  at  Upsal,  and  the  people  nominate  their 

pastors.  Education  is  widely  dilFused,  and  well  con- 
cted  in  gymnasia  and  high  and  burgher  schools.  It  has 
en  stated  that  there  is  not  one  person  in  1000  who  cannot 
ad  and  write.  The  simple  and  almost  patriarchal  hospi- 
lity  of  the  Swedes  is  very  marked,  especially  in  the  more 
)lated  provinces.  There  are  universities  at  Upsal  and 
and.  According  to  the  official  report,  the  total  revenue 
r  the  year  1887  was  $22,900,000,  and  the  expenditures 
jre  carefully  kept  within  this  amount.  On  January  1, 
SO,  the  aggregate  public  debt,  incurred  in  railway  con- 
ruction,  and  bearing  interest  at  from  3i  to  5  per  cent., 
lis  about  $66,700,000.  The  army,  at  the  end  of  Septem- 
ir,  1886,  was:  line,  40,146;  reserves,  134,138,  making 
total  of  190,452,  besides  which  there  is  a  sort  of  indepen- 
}nt  volunteer  organization  of  16,193.  The  naval  force, 
162 


at  the  same  time,  comprised  15  iron-clads,  40  unarmored 
steamers,  4  corvettes,  6  brigs,  <fec.,  with  a  total  armament 
of  175  guns  and  a  regular  force  of  3857  men;  there  was 
reported  a  naval  reserve  force  of  about  35,000  men. 

In  1394  the  crown  of  Sweden  was  united  to  those  of 
Denmark  and  Norway  by  Margaret  of  Denmark,  who  had 
defeated  Albert,  King  of  Sweden,  and  who  formed  the 
famous  union  of  Kalmar.  The  Swedes  recovered  their 
independence  under  Gustavus  Vasa  in  1521.  The  House  of 
Vasa  ascended  the  throne  in  1523,  and  gave  to  Sweden  the 
celebrated  Gustavus  Adolphus.  It  was  succeeded  by  the 
House  of  Deux-Ponts,  which  furnished  the  famous  Charles 
XII. ;  to  this  succeeded  the  Houses  of  Hessen-Cavssel  and 
Holstein-Gottorp.  In  1810  Marshal  Bernadotte  of  Franco 
was  chosen  crown-prince,  and  ascended  the  throne  as 
Charles   John   XIV.  in    1818.     Norway  was   annexed   to 

Sweden  in  1814. Adj.  Swe'dish  (Sw.  Svensk,  svinsk ; 

Fr.  SuEDOis,  swi'dwi';  Ger.  Schwedisch,  shwi'dish ;  Sp. 
SuECO,  sw4'ko;  It.  Svedese,  svi-di'si) ;  inhab.  Swede  (in 
Swedish,  French,  Spanish,  and  Italian  the  inhab.  is  the 
same  as  the  adj.;  Ger.  Schwede,  shwi'd^h). 

Swe'den,  a  post-office  of  Pembina  co.,  Dakota. 

Sweden,  a  post-township  of  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  about  45 
miles  N.W.  of  Portland.     Pop.  549. 

Sweden,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sweden  township,  Monroe 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  18  miles  W.  of  Rochester.  It  has  2 
churches.  The  township  is  intersected  by  the  Erie  Canal 
and  the  New  York  Central  Railroad.  It  contains  Brock- 
port,  with  a  state  normal  school.     Pop.  of  township,  5734. 

Sweden,  a  post-township  of  Potter  co.,  Pa.,  about  25 
miles  N.E.  of  Emporium.     Pop.  357. 

Sweden  Centre,  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  2 
miles  from  Brockport.     It  has  2  churches. 

Swede  Point,  a  post-village  in  Douglas  township, 
Boone  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Des  Moines  River,  about  25  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Des  Moines.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a 
lumber-mill,  and  a  graded  school.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Swedesborough,  sweedz'bur-ruh,  a  post-village  in 
Woolwich  township,  Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  at  the  head  of 
sloop  navigation  on  Raccoon  Creek,  11  miles  S.AV.  of  Wood- 
bury, and  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  is  connected 
with  these  places  by  a  branch  of  the  West  Jersey  Railroad. 
It  contains  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  an  academy,  a 
foundry,  &c. 

Swedesburg,  sweedz'biirg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co., 
Iowa,  10  miles  N.  of  Mount  Pleasant. 

Swedesburg,  a  village  in  Upper  Merion  township, 
Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Schuylkill  River,  and  on  the 
Philadelphia  <fc  Reading  Railroad,  at  Swedeland  Station,  15 
miles  N.W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Swedes  (sweedz)  For'est,  a  township  of  Redwood 
CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  Minnesota  River.     Pop.  185. 

Swedetown,  sweed'town,  a  station  of  the  Mineral 
Range  Railroad,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Hancock,  Mich. 

Swedona,  swe-do'na,  a  post-village  of  Mercer  co..  111., 
in  Richland  Grove  township,  3  miles  from  Cable  Station, 
and  about  17  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Rock  Island.  It  has  4 
churches,  a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  carpets, 
wagons,  Ac.     Pop.  359. 

Swedona,  a  post-office  of  Sumner  co.,  Kansas. 

Sweed'Iin  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Pendleton  co.,  W.  Va, 

Sweerah,  or  Suira,  Morocco.    See  Mooadouk. 
I     Sweet  Air,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  about 
20  miles  N.  by  B.  of  Baltimore. 

Sweet  Chalybeate,  ka-lib'e-at,  a  post-village  and 
summer  resort  of  Alleghany  co.,  Va.,  9  miles  S.  of  Alleghany 
Station.  Here  are  mineral  springs  and  accommodationa 
for  400  guests. 

Sweet  Grass,  a  post-office  of  Gallatin  co.,  Montana. 

Sweet  Hall,  a  post-office  and  station  of  King  William 
CO.,  Va.,  on  the  Richmond,  York  River  <fc  Chesapeake  Rail- 
road, 31  miles  E.  of  Richmond. 

Sweet  Home,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pulaski  co..  Ark.  It 
has  a  lumber-mill. 

Sweet  Home,  a  post-office  of  Smith  co.,  Kansas. 

Sweet  Home,  a  township  of  Clarke  co..  Mo.    P.  1000. 

Sweet  Home,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nodaway  co..  Mo.,  12 
miles  E.  of  Maryville,  and  about  46  miles  N.  of  St.  Joseph. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Sweet  Home,  a  post-office  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C. 

Sweet  Home,  a  post-village  of  Linn  co.,  Oregon,  22 
miles  E.N.E.  of  llalsoy.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  saw-mill. 

Sweet  Home,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lavaca  co.,  Tex.,  18 
miles  S.  of  Flatonia.     It  has  2  stores. 

Sweet'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nevada  co.,  Oal.,  12 
miles  N.W.  of  Nevada  City.  Hero  are  rich  gold-mines  and 
2  hotels.     Pop.  about  200. 


ill: 


SWE 


2570 


SWI 


Sweetlnnd,  townsbip,  Muacntino  co.,  Io\ra.     P.  1415. 

Sweetland  Centre^  a  iioBt-offloo  of  Muscatine  co., 
Iowa,  about  7  miles  N.E.  of  Muscatino. 

Swoet  Lips,  a  poet-offleo  of  McNitiry  co.,  Tcnn.,  8 
niles  E.  of  llendorgon  Station,     lloro  is  a  church. 

Sweet  O'wen,  a  post-hamlet  of  Owon  co.,  Ky.,  about 
00  miles  E.N.E.  of  Louisville.     It  has  a  church. 

Sweet's  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Manii<tce  oo.,  Mich. 

Sweets'burgh,  a  post-village  in  Mi^sisquoi  co.,  Que- 
bec, on  the  Southeastern  Ruilway,  67  miles  b.E.  of  Mon- 
treal. It  has  a  church,  a  high  school,  a  tannery,  and  sev- 
ertil  stores  and  hotels. 

Sweet's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berkshire  co., 
Mass.,  in  Williamstown  township,  3  miles  S.  of  Williams- 
town.     Here  are  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Sweetser's,  sweet'i^n,  a  post-village  of  Grant  oo., 
Ind.,  on  the  railroad  between  Marion  and  Logansport,  6 
miles  W.  of  Marion.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  250. 

Sweet  Springs,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of 
Monroe  oo.,  W.  Va.,  is  pleasantly  situated  near  the  Alle- 
ghany Mountains,  about  12  miles  S.  by  E.  of  the  AVhite 
Sulphur  Springs.  It  is  11  miles  S.  of  Alloghanj*  Station 
of  the  Chesapeake  it  Ohio  Railroad.     It  has  3  churches. 

Sweet's  Station,  a  hamlet  of  Muskegon  co.,  Mich., 
«n  the  Chicago  <t  West  Michigan  llailroad,  10  miles  N.W. 
of  Muskegon.     It  has  2  churches  and  2  saw-mills. 

Sweet  VaI'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Ross  township,  about  16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Wilkesbarre. 

Sweet'water,  a  large  county  of  Wyoming.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Big  Horn,  Green,  Wind,  Big  Sandy,  and 
Sweetwater  Rivers.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  moun- 
tains and  plains,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of 
evergreen  trees.  It  is  partly  occupied  by  the  Wind  River 
.Mountains.  Among  its  remarkable  features  are  Fremont's 
Peak,  and  the  South  Pass,  which  was  once  a  great  thor- 
oughfare between  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific.  It  is  7857  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea,  and  is  several  miles  wide.  The 
road  which  crosses  the  Rocky  Mountains  through  this  pass 
attains  the  summit  by  a  gradual  and  easy  ascent.  This 
pass  is  in  lat.  42°  24'  N.,  Ion.  109°  26'  W.  Gold  and 
granite  are  found  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad.  Thick  beds  of  good  tertiary  coal 
/have  been  opened,  and  iron  ore  is  abundant.  Capital,  Green 
River  City.  Pop.  in  1870,  1916;  in  1880,  2561. 
,     Sweet  Water,  a  post-office  of  Marengo  co.,  Ala. 

SweetAvater,  a  post-office  of  Gwinnett  co.,  Ga.,  about 
.26  miles  N.E.  of  Atlanta. 

Sweetwater,  a  post-village  of  Menard  co.,  111.,  about 
.20  miles  N.  of  Springfield.    It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  230. 

Sweetwater,  a  post-office  of  Buffalo  co.,  Neb. 
'.     Sweetwater,  a  post-village  of  Esmeralda  co.,  Nev., 
about  70  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Virginia  City. 

Sweet  Water,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad,  42  miles 
S.W.  of  Knoxville.  It  is  near  the  Hiwassee  College  (Meth- 
.odist  Episcopal  South),  which  was  organized  in  1849.  It 
;has  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  5  churches,  a  machine- 
,ihop,  and  a  foundry.     Pop.  in  1880,  677. 

Sweet  Water,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Nolan  oo., 
Tex.,  60  miles  W.  of  Callahan. 

J  Sweetwater  Creek,  Georgia,  drains  part  of  Cobb  co., 
runs  S.,  and  enters  the  Chattahoochee  in  Douglas  co. 

SweetAvater  River,  AVyoming,  rises  in  the  southera- 
end  of  the  Wind  River  Mountains.  It  crosses  the  Rocky 
jMountains  at  the  South  Pa.ss,  at  an  elevation  of  about  7500 
■/eet,  runs  eastward,  and  enters  the  North  Fork  of  the  Platte 
near  lat.  42°  30'  N.,  Ion.  107°  W.  It  is  about  175  miles 
long.  Gold  is  found  near  this  river,  and  near  South  Pass 
City,  which  is  7857  feet  above  the  sea-level.  It  flows  along 
*  deep  canon.  Its  valley  is  described  by  Hayden  "  as  one 
of  erosion  on  a  most  remarkably  grand  scale." 

Sweet  Wine,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  at 
Wineburg,  a  hamlet  on  the  Ohio  River,  12  miles  above  Cin- 
einnati.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  foundry. 

Sweideeyah,  or  Sweldiyah,  8w4-dee'yi,  written 
also  Suadiah  or  Snadeiaii,  a  large  village  of  Syria,  in 
a  valley,  14  miles  W.  of  Antioch. 

Sweliendam,  Africa.    Sec  Zwelleivdah. 

Swena'da,  or  Sweno'da,  a  post-township  of  Swift 
00.,  Minn.     Pop.  242. 

:  Swengel,  swfing'g^l,  a  post-hamlet  in  Lewis  township. 
Union  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Lewisburg  Centre  &  Spruce  Creek 
.Railroad.     It  has  a  church. 

Swenigorod,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  SvExiGonoD. 
'     Swep'sonville,  a  hamlet  of  Alamance  co.,  N.C.,  on 
jHaw  River,  6  miles  from  Haw  River  Station.     It  has  a 
ootton-factory. 


Swerigc,  or  Sverigc.    See  Swedex. 

Swcringolowsk,  Siberia.     See  Zverinoolotsk. 

Swerzendz,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Sciiwp.rskni. 

Nwcvegliem,  swA'v^h-ohfim*,  a  village  of  Belgium,  ii 
West  Flanders,  27  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  4;j7o_ 

Swevezeele,  swi'v^h-zAM^h,  a  village  of  liolgium  it 
We:*t  Flanders,  10  miles  S.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  4703. 

Swiaga,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Sviaoa. 

Swid,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Siida. 

Swiccin,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Schwetz. 

Swieciany,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Svieciakt, 

Swiencniiinde,  Prussia.     See  SwinkjiU.nde. 

Swienta  Sicrka,  Baden.    See  JIkii.igenbkro. 

Swift,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Minnesotii,  hrt-  -- 
area  of  864  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  thu  ' 
pewa,  Minnesota,  and  PommedeTcrro  Rivers.  Thcs' 
IS  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  mostly  destitute  c 
csts.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  iwlnptcd  to  the  producii 
gmin  and  grass.  It  is  traversed  by  the  St.  Paul  A  I 
Railroad.  Capital,  Benson.  The  census  of  1870  gi\ 
statistics  of  this  county.     Pop.  in  1875,  2209;  in  ISsn. 

Swift  Creek,  North  Carolina,  runs  southeaM 
through  Franklin  and  Nash  cos.,  and  enters  Tar  River 
5  miles  N.W.  of  Tarborough.     It  is  nearly  70  miles  !■  i 

Swift  Creek,  North  Carolina,  rises  in  Pitt  oo.,  run 
southeastward,  and  enters  the  Neuse  River  in  Craven  co. 

Swift  Creek,  South  Carolina,  flows  into  the  Wotere 
River  near  the  N.W.  extremity  of  Sumter  co. 

Swift  Creek,  Hardin  co.,  Tenn.,  flows  into  the  Ten 
nessee  River. 

Swift  Creek,  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Virginia,  flow 
through  Chesterfield  co.,  and  unites  with  the  Appomnttu 
River  a  few  miles  below  Petersburg. 

Swift  Creek,  township,  Edgecombe  co.,  N.C.   P.  2.18' 

Swift  Creek,  a  township  of  Pitt  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  180( 

Swift  Creek,  a  township  of  Wake  co.,  N.C.    P.  144; 

Swift  Creek,  a  post-oflSco  of  Darlington  co.,  S.C. 

Swift  Creek  Bridge,  N.C.    See  Dergajjton. 

Swift  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Swift  co.,  Minn.,  on 
branch  of  the  Chippewa  River,  II  miles  N.E.  of  Benson.    1 
has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Swift  Island,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.C.  j 

Swif'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co..  Ark.,  on  lb 
Cairo  &  Fulton  Railroad,  101  miles  N.E.  of  Little  Roel 
It  has  a  church. 

Swift  River,  Massachusetts,  is  formed  by  branchi! 
which  rise  in  BVanklin  and  Worcester  cos.  It  runs  soutli 
ward  through  Hampshire  co.,  and  unites  with  the  ChicoiKJ 
River  at  Three  Rivers,  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Springfield. 

Swift  River,  New  Hampshire,  runs  eastward,  am 
enters  the  Saco  River  near  Conway,  in  Carroll  co.  i 

Swift  River,  a  post-hamlet  in  Cummington  townthiji 
Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Westfield  River,  about  2 
miles  E.  of  Pittsfield.  It  has  a  grist-mill,  2  saw-mills,  an 
manufactures  of  handles  for  tools,  brushes,  brooms,  Ao.     ' 

Swifts'ville  (Leo  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of  Jackson  co 
0.,  in  Jackson  township,  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Chillicoth 
It  has  a  church  and  a  steam  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  75. 

Swihow,  Bohemia.     See  Schwihau. 

Swil'ly,  Lough,  I6n,  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantic,  in  the  J 
part  of  Ireland,  in  Ulster,  co.  of  Donegal,  extends  inlan 
25  miles  S.,  where  it  receives  the  river  Swilly. 

Swim'ming  Pens,  a  township  of  Sumter  oo.,  S.(| 
Pop.  1634.  j 

Swin'don,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  AVilts,  at  a  wi; 
way  junction,  29  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bath.  It  is  built  on  a 
eminence,  and  has  a  free  school  and  several  charities.  I 
the  part  called  New  Swindon  are  large  railway -shops  an 
warehouses.  Pop.  of  New  Swindon,  4092 ;  of  Old  Swindoi 
7628.  _  : 

Swinc'ford,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Mayo,  15J  mil 
E.N.E.  of  Castlebar.     Pop.  1366. 

Swinemiinde,  or  Swienemiinde,  swee'n?h-miin 
d?h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  36  miles  N.N.W.  < 
St«ttin,  in  the  island  of  Usedom,  on  the  Swine,  an  out! 
of  the  Stcttiner-Haff  in  the  Baltic.  Its  harbor  has  been  in 
proved  by  the  erection  of  piers,  on  one  of  which  is  a  ligh 
house.  It  has  a  pilot-board,  and  here  large  vessels  unlw 
cargoes  for  Stettin,  of  which  it  is  the  outj)ort.     Pop.  791 

Swineshead,  swinz'hM,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  ' 
Lincoln,  6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Boston.  Pop.  of  parish,  191 
The  sejv  formerly  reached  this  town. 

Swinesund,  swee'neh-soond*,  an  inlet  of  the  Skage 
Rack,  between  Norway  and  Sweden. 

Swin'ford-Regis,  or  King's  Swin'ford,avilla| 
of  England,  oo.  of  Stafford,  on  the  Staffordshire  <t  Wo 
cestershire  Canal,  3  miles  N.N.W.  of  Stourbridge.  The  vi 


SWI 


2571 


SWI 


lage  has  a  massive  church,  coal-,  iron-,  glass-,  brick-,  and 
tile-works,  and  numerous  potteries. 

Swin'son's  Cut,  a  post-office  of  Brunswick  co.,  N.C., 
on  the  Carolina  Central  Railroad,  16  miles  W.  of  AVil- 
mington. 

Swin'ton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West  Riding, 
parish  of  Wath  on  Dearne,  5  miles  N.N.E.  of  Rotherham, 
on  the  Midland  Railway.     Pop.  5150. 

Swir,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Sveer. 

Swish'er,  a  county  of  the  N.W.  part  of  Texas,  trav- 
ersed by  Red  River.     Area,  900  square  miles. 

Swisiotsch,  a  river  of  Russia.    Sec  Svislotch. 

Su'iss,  a  post-office  of  Gasconade  co..  Mo. 

Swiss  Alp,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Tex. 

Swiss'vale,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Monongahela  River  and  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  8 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a  car-factory,  many  resi- 
dences of  business  men  of  Pittsburg,  and  a  church.  Coal 
i«  mined  near  it. 

Switz  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Tnd.,  6  or  7 
miles  W.  of  Bloomfleld.  It  is  on  the  Indianapolis  <fc  Vin- 
cenncs  Railroad,  384  miles  N.E.  of  Vinoenncs.  It  has  2 
churches.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Switzerland  (Ger.  Schioeiz  or  Sehweitz,  shwtts;  It. 
Scizzera,  svit's4-r4;  Fr.  Suisse,  sweess;  8^.  Suiza,  swee'- 
thi;  Port.  A  Terra  dos  Snigos,  &  tift'iti  doce  swee'soce, 
"the  land  of  the  Swiss;"  L.  Helee'tia),  a  federal  republic 
of  Central  Europe,  situated  between  lat.  46°  60'  and  47°  50' 
N.  and  Ion.  6°  and  10°  25'  E.,  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Baden, 
from  which  it  is  separated  for  the  most  part  by  the  Rhine, 
N.E.  by  Wiirtemberg  and  Bavaria,  from  which  it  is  sepa- 
rated by  the  Lake  of  Constance,  E.  by  the  principality  of 
Liechtenstein  and  the  Tyrol,  S.  by  Italy,  from  which  it  is 
separated  by  the  Alps  and  the  Lake  of  Geneva,  and  W.  and 
N.W.  by  France,  from  which  it  is  separated  in  part  by  the 
Jura  Mountains  and  the  river  Doubs.  The  greatest  length, 
from  W.  to  E.,  near  the  parallel  of  46°  35'  N.,  is  216  miles  ; 
the  greatest  breadth,  about  140  miles.  The  following  table 
gives  the  areas  of  the  cantons  into  which  the  country  is 
divided,  with  the  official  census  of  the  population  in 
1S80: 


Cantons. 


\  Zurich 

!  Beru 

Lucerne 

Uii 

Schwytz 

Uiitei'waldeu  (Upp«r).. 
Uiiterwaldeu  (Lower).. 

Glaius 

Zug 

Krt-ybarg 

Soleiiro 

'litisel  Town 

IJasi-l  Lund 

Sclmflliauseu 

ApiiiMizell 

Saiiit  Gall , 

(Jiisoiis , 

tVai-pin „ 

Tlnirgau 

iTk-i. , 

Van.l 

iV'iiliiiB 

N'eiitcliatel 

ijleneva 


Total „ 15,792 


Area.     Pop.  in  1880. 


687 
2,660 


422 
350 


280 

92 

565 

255 

185 

116 
153 

749 
2,975 

503 

270 
1,037 
1,244 
2,020 

281 
91 


317,676 

632,164 

134,806 

23,094 

61,235 

15,356 

11,992 

34,213 

2i,994 

115,400 

80,424 

05,101 

59,271 

88,348 

04,799 

210,491 

94,991 

198,645 

99,5.')2 

130,777 

238,730 

](JO,216 

103,732 

101,595 


2,846,102 


;  Switzerland  belongs  to  the  region  of  the  Central  Alps, 
oxtending  between  Mont  Blanc,  in  Savoy,  and  the  Gross 
■ilockner,  in  the  Tyrol.  The  immense  mass  of  Mount  St. 
.iothard  forms  the  centre  or  nucleus  of  a  system  of  moun- 
tains, covered  with  perennial  snow  and  glaciers,  the  peaks 
;>f  which  are  from  9000  to  12,600  feet  above  the  level  of 
he  sea.  The  Alps,  the  highest  point  of  which  is  Monte 
loea,  15,208  feet  above  the  sea,  cover  all  the  central,  S., 
'.nd  S.E.  portion  of  the  country,  and  occupy  more  than 
me-half  of  its  superficies.  The  Jura  Mountains  extend 
-long  the  N.W.  borders;  of  these  the  culminating  points 
re  the  Dole  and  Mont  Tendre,  and  between  these  is  an 
Indulating  plain  or  table-land,  135  miles  in  length,  with 
-n  extreme  breadth  of  50  miles,  extending  from  the  Lake 
■f  Geneva,  in  the  S.W.,  to  the  Lake  of  Constance,  in  the 
■f.E.  Next  the  Alps  it  is  2000  feet  above  the  sea,  sloping 
i0Wards  the  Jura,  where  it  is  1350  feet.  It  has  numerou's 
ralleys,  some  of  which  are  of  considerable  extent.  Among 
ta  mountains  and  hills  arc  the  Jorat,  in  the  Valaisj  the 


Albis,  between  Zug  and  Zurich  ;  the  Allman,  in  the  E.  of 
Zurich  ;  and  the  Hauenstcin,  between  Basel  and  Soleure, 
The  high  Alps  form  vast  reservoii-s  whence  issue  thousands 
of  fertilizing  torrents.     The  chief  rivers  flow  by  the  Rhine 
to  the  North  Sea,  by  the  Rhone  to  the  Mediterranean,  by 
the  Ticino  to  the  Po  and  the  Adriatic,  and  by  the  Inn  to 
the  Danube  and  Black  Sea.     The  other  principal  rivers 
are  the  Thur  and  the  Aar,  affluents  of  the  Rhine  ;  and  the 
Emmen  and  Limmat,  affluents  of  the  Aar.     No  country  in 
Europe,  except  Scandinavia,  has,  in  proportion  to  its  size, 
80  many  lakes  as  Switzerland.   Those  of  the  Alpine  regions 
occupy  the  lower  parts  of  the  valleys.   They  vary  in  depth 
from  500  to  1900  feet,  and  are  situated  at  an  elevation  of 
from  1200  to  ISOQ  feet  above  the  sea;  the  chief  of  these 
are  the  lakes  of  Geneva,  Brienz,  Thun,  Lucerne,  Zug,  Wal- 
lenstadt,  Zurich,  Constance,  and  on  the  S.  of  the  Alps  Lago 
di  Lugano  and  Lago  Maggiore.  Most  of  these  are  traversed 
by  steamboats.    The  table-land  contains  the  lakes  of  Morat, 
Sempach,  Baldegg,  Hallwyl,  Greifi'ensee,  and  Pf  affikon.    In 
the  Jura  are  the  lakes  of  Neufchatel  and  Bienne.     The 
climate  of  Switzerland,  owing  to  its  elevation  and  to  other 
causes,  is  much  more  severe  than  is  due  to  its  position 
nearly  in  mid-distance  between  the  equator  and  the  north 
pole.       It  presents   the  greatest   extremes  and   the   most 
violent  contrasts.    In  Geneva,  at  an  elevation  of  1230  feet, 
the  mean  pressure  of  the  barometer  is  27  inches,  the  ther- 
mometer ranges  from  34°   to  66°  Fahr.,  and  the  average 
annual  rainfall  is  29  inches ;    on  Mount  St.  Bernard,  ba- 
rometer 21  inches,  thermometer  18°  to  43°  Fahr.,  and  an- 
nual rainfall  65  inches.     The  elevation  of  the  lower  limit 
of  snow  in  the  mountains  is  8900  feet.     On  the  table-land 
and  in  the  lower  mountains  snow  falls  in  greater  abundance 
than  in  other  countries  of  the  same  latitude  in  Europe.  On 
St.  Gothard  snow  falls  at  least  once  a  month  in  summer. 
The  large  lakes  are  seldom  frozen.     In  the  upper  valleys 
of  the  Jura  winter  lasts  six  months ;  it  is  longer  in  those 
of    the  Alps.     S.W.  winds,  which   are   frequent,   usually 
bring  rain;  the  N.E.  wind,  which  blows  on  the  table-land 
in  spring,  is  cold  and  dry.     The  warm  S.  wind  greatly  fa- 
vors the  climate  of  the  canton  of  Ticino;  under  the  name 
of  Fiikn,  the  sirocco  of  the  Alps,  it  blows  with  extreme 
violence,  and  causes  great  damage  on  the  lakes.     At  an 
elevation  of  from   1000  to  1600   feet  the  climate  is  pure 
and  salubrious ;  but  it  is  unhealthy  in  many  of  the  deep 
and  narrow  valleys.     Vegetation  corresponds  with  the  ex- 
tremes of  climate.     In  the  Valais  the  fig  and  grape  ripen 
at  the  foot  of  ice-clad  mountains,  while  near  their  summits 
the  rhododendron  and  the  lichen  grow  at  the  limit  of  the 
snow-line.     The  grain  raised  in  Switzerland  is  not  nearly 
sufficient  for  the  supply  of  its  population.     The  most  pro- 
ductive cantons  are  those  of  the  N.  and  W.    Here  the  vine 
ripens  at  an  elevation  of  1900  and  in  some  places  at  2100 
feet  above  the  sea.     It  is  cultivated  on  the  slopes  of  the 
Jura,  and  in  the  valleys  of  the  Rhine,  Rhone,  Reuss,  Lim- 
mat, and  Thur;  and  wine  is  exported.     Buckwheat  ripens 
at  an  elevation  of  2200  feet,  and  with  a  S.  exposure  at  3000 
feet ;  wheat,  at  3600  feet ;  oats,  at  4300  feet ;  barley,  at  5100 
feet.     Flax  and  hemp  are  extensively  grown  ;  irrigation  ia 
judiciously  managed ;  and,  in  general,  agriculture  is  making 
considerable  progress.     The  slopes  of  the  Jura  and  of  the 
Alps,  and  the  high  regions  of  the  table-land,  are  covered 
with  valuable  timber  trees, — the  oak,  beech,  larch,  and  birch. 
The  pine  and  larch  grow  to  an  elevation  of  6500  feet, 
shrubs  to  7400  feet.     The  principal  wealth  of  Switzerland 
consists  in  its  rich  and  excellent  pastures,  which  in  summer 
support  vast  numbers  of  cattle ;  the  finest  breeds  are  those 
of  the  Simmenthal,  G^sscnay,  Gruygre,  Zug,  and  Schwytz. 
The  silk-worm  is  reared  in  the  valleys  S.  of  the  Alps,  and 
of  late  also  in  the  N.     The  forests  abound  in  game ;  the 
lammergeyer  inhabits  the  highest  mountains,  and  the  cha- 
mois is  hunted  in  the  Valais  and  in  the  Obcrland.    Fish  of 
excellent  quality  abound  in  the  lakes  and  rivers.     Iron 
is  found  in  the  mountains  generally,  but  chiefly  in   the 
Jura ;  there  are  mines  of  lead  and  zinc  in  the  Grisons. 
Turf  is  abundant  in  the  marshy  districts,  and  coal  is  found 
in  the  table-land.     The  principal  salt  springs  are  at  Bex, 
in  the  valley  of  the  Rhone.   Switzerland  contains  upwards 
of  300  mineral  springs,  18  bath  establishments  of  the  first 
and  186  of  the  second  class.    Cheese  is  a  valuable  product; 
it  is  made  chiefly  in  Gessenay,  the  Simmenthal,  and  the 
Eminenthal ;  that  called  Gruyere  is  highly  valued  and  ex- 
tensively exported.      Kirschwasser,  cider,  and   perry  are 
made.     The  country  has  made  rapid  progress  in  manufac- 
turing industry.     Cotton  goods  are  made  chiefly  in  Appen- 
zell  and  St.  Gall.     Silks  are  woven  in  Zurich  and  Basel, 
and  linens  at  Bern.     Neufchatel  has  superior  printing  es- 
tablishmente.     Watches,  jewelry,  and   musical -boxes  are 


SWI 


2572 


SYD 


fii«  principal  innnufaoturea  of  the  W.  onntons ;  hero  230,000 
watobes  are  wade  every  year.  In  1884  there  wore  ltt25 
miles  of  railway  in  operation,  aud  the  length  of  tele- 
graph line  at  work  was  4349  miles.  In  winter  the  popula- 
tion of  the  Alps  inhabit  villages  scattered  over  the  lower 
valleys.  In  May  the  cattle  are  led  to  the  lower  pastures ; 
in  July  they  ascend  to  regions  60U0  feet  above  the  sea  ;  and 
about  August  10  they  pasture  on  the  highest  mountains, 
whence  they  descend  to  the  valleys  about  October  10. 

The  principal  races  inhabiting  the  country  are  the  Teu- 
tonic and  the  Celtic.  The  German  language  is  spoken  in  a 
variety  of  patoi§  by  the  population  in  the  N.  and  E. 
French  is  spoken  in  the  Jura,  and  on  the  table-land  W.  of 
the  Lakes  of  Bienne  and  Morat  and  of  thn  river  Sarine,  in 
part  of  the  Valais,  and  the  Alps  in  its  vicinity.  S.  of  the 
Alps  the  Italian  language  is  used ;  the  Romanche  is  spoken 
in  the  Engndino  and  in  the  valleys  of  the  Rhine.  The  in- 
habitants of  the  Alps  are  mostly  Roman  Catholics.  In  the 
Jura  and  on  the  table-land,  Protestants  are  most  numerous. 
In  ISSO  the  proportions  were  :  Protestants,  1,667,109;  Ro- 
man Catholics,  1,160,782;  Jews,  7373;  other  socU,  12,000. 
All  Christian  soots  are  tolerated,  but  the  Jesuits  are  ex- 
cluded. Switzerland  has  universities  at  Basel,  Bern,  and 
Zurich;  and  there  are  superior  gymnasia  in  nil  the  chief 
towns.  Public  instruction  is  widely  disseminated,  and  in 
the  Protestant  cantons  Sunday-  and  infant-schools  are  on 
the  increase.  School  attendance  is  compulsory  from  the  age 
of  five  to  eight.  In  the  Protestant  cantons  the  proportion 
of  children  at  school  is  as  1  to  5  of  the  population,  in  the 
mixed  cantons  1  to  7,  and  in  the  Catholic  cantons  1  to  9. 
In  1863  the  state  had  435  journals  :  185  political,  22  liter- 
ary and  scientific,  20  religious — 15  Protestant  and  5  Roman 
Catholic;  231  are  printed  in  Gorman,  105  in  French,  8  in 
Italian,  and  3  in  patois.  The  Swiss  Confederation  is  com- 
posed of  22  cantons,  forming  25  independent  states,  united 
in  a  perpetual  league.  The  central  and  W.  part  was  called 
Helvetia  by  the  Romans,  and  the  E.  part,  or  the  Grisons, 
Rhaetia.  The  Confederation  was  founded  January  1,  1308, 
by  the  three  cantons  Uri,  Schwytz,  and  Unterwalden.  In 
1353  it  numbered  eight  cantons,  and  in  1513  it  was  com- 
posed of  thirteen  cantons.  This  old  confederation  of  thir- 
teen cantons  was  increased  by  the  adherence  of  several 
subject  territories,  and  existed  till  1798,  when  it  was  re- 
placed by  the  Helvetic  Republic,  which  lasted  four  years. 
In  1 803,  Napoleon  I.  organized  a  new  confederation,  com- 
posed of  nineteen  cantons,  by  the  addition  of  St.  Gall,  the 
Grisons,  Aargau,  Thurguu,  Ticino,  and  Vaud.  This  con- 
federation was  modified  in  1815 ;  the  number  of  cantons 
was  increased  to  twenty-two  by  the  admission  of  Valais, 
Neufchitel,  and  Geneva.  The  federal  government  was  com- 
posed of  a  diet  and  of  a  Vorort  or  federal  directory.  By 
the  new  constitution  of  1848  the  federal  assembly  is  com- 
posed of  two  divisions,  a  national  council  and  a  senate,  and 
Bern  was  chosen  as  the  federal  city.  Every  parish  supports 
its  own  poor.  In  18SG  the  citizens  liable  to  military  duty 
numbered  201,225,  of  whom  117,179  were  in  the  regular 
army  and  84,046  in  the  landwehr.  Total  revenue  in  1886, 
67,639,000  francs;  expenditure,  57,688,500  francs. 

Swit'zerland;  a  county  in  the  extreme  S.E.  part  of 
Indiana,  borders  on  Kentucky.  Area,  about  240  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  and  S.  by  the  Ohio  River. 
The  surface  is  mostly  hilly,  except  the  level  river-bottom, 
which  is  nearly  3  miles  wide.  Forests  cover  nearly  one- 
third  of  the  area.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
bay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Silurian  limestone 
crops  out  in  this  county.  Capital,  Vevay.  Valuation  of 
real  and  personal  estate,  $10,949,015.  Pop.  in  1870, 12,134, 
of  whom  11,719  were  Americans;  in  1880,  13,336. 

Switzeriaud,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  0.     P.  1342. 

Swit'zerville,  a  post-village  in  Lennox  co.,  Ontario, 
6  miles  N.E.  of  Napanee.     Pop.  250. 

SAVOope's  Depot)  a  post-hamlet  of  Augusta  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Staunton. 

Swords,  sords,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  8  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Dublin,  on  the  Swords  River,  5  miles  from  the 
Irish  Sea.     Pop.  1296. 

Swords  Creelt,  a  post-office  of  Russell  co.,  Va. 

Swosowice,  or  Swoszowice,  sho-sho-veet's4,  writ- 
ten also  Swosgowice,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  near 
Wadowice,  with  noted  sulphur-mines. 

Swratauch,  svri'tSwK,  or  Zwratauch,  zvri'tSwK, 
A  village  of  Bohemia,  21  miles  S.E.  of  Chrudim.     P.  1782. 

Swynaerde,  swi'naRM^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
East  Flanders,  on  the  Scheldt,  3  miles  S.  of  Ghent. 

Syalkote,  a  town  of  India.     See  Sealkotb. 

Syambazar,  sr&m-b&-zar',  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  Burd- 
»an.     Lat.  23°  35'  10"  N.;  Ion.  87°  32'  E.     Pop,  19,635. 


Syang,  si'&ng',  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  i 
the  Oilolo  Passage,  35  miles  N.W.  of  Waigeoo.  LatiO'SC 
N.;  Ion.  12«"»64'  E. 

Syannh,  a  town  of  India.    See  Seranub. 

Sybaris,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Coscii.k. 

Sy'bertsville,  a  post-village  in  Sugar  Loaf  townihic 
Luzerne  oo..  Pa.,  in  the  Conyngham  Valley,  20  miles  S.S.\V 
of  Wilkesbarre.     It  has  2  churches  and  about  25  houses. 

Syc'amore,  a  post-village  of  Colusa  co.,  Ciil.,  on  th 
W.  bank  of  the  Sacramento  River,  00  miles  above  Socra^ 
mento.  It  has  a  church,  a  hotel,  a  machine-shup,  a  larg 
warehouse  for  grain,  a  flour-mill,  &,c.  Much  produce  i 
shipped  hero  in  steamboats. 

Sycamore,  a  station  in  Fresno  co.,  Cal.,on  the  Ceotra 
Pacific  Railroad  (Visalia  division),  10  miles  N.N.W.  o< 
Fresno  City. 

Sycamore,  a  post-office  of  Irwin  co.,  Ga. 

Sycamore,  a  post-town,  capital  of  De  Kalb  co..  III.,  ii 
Sycamore  township,  on  the  Kishwaukee  River,  60  miles  \Vi 
by  N.  of  Chicago,  and  about  28  miles  N.W.  of  Aurora,  f\ 
short  railroad  connects  this  place  with  Cortland  Station  or 
the  Chicago  <t  Northwestern  Railroad.  It  contains  a  higlj 
school,  6  newspaper  offices,  a  national  bank,  2  other  banks, 
9  churches,  and  2  cheese-factories.  It  has  manufactures  otj 
harvesters,  ploughs,  wagons,  and  other  farming-implcmcnttl 
Pop.  in  1870,  1967;  in  1880,  3028.  | 

Sycamore,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas.  Pop] 
119.     It  contains  Sycamore  Springs.  i 

Sycamore,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Kansas j 
Pop.  810.     It  contains  Radical  City. 

Sycamore,  a  township  of  Hamilton  co,,  0.    Pop.  5460  j 

Sycamore,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sycamore  township,  Wy- 
andot CO.,  0.,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Upper  Sandusky,  and  II 
miles  S.  of  Tiffin.    It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  of  township,  850. 

Sycamore,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co..  Pa. 

Sycamore,  a  township  of  Barnwell  co.,  S.C.    P.  1359<| 

Sycamore,  a  post-village  of  Cheatham  co.,  Tenn.,  on; 
Sycamore  Creek,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a! 
church,  a  powder-mill,  a  flour-mill,  &e.     I'op.  250. 

Sycamore,  a  post-office  of  Buckingham  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  James  River. 

Sycamore,  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  co.,  W.  Va. 

Sycamore  Creek,  California,  rises  near  Mount  Rip- 
ley, runs  eastward  through  Colusa  co.,  and  enters  the  Sac- 
ramento River  about  20  miles  W.  of  Marysville. 

Sycamore  Creek,  Michigan,  rises  in  Ingham  Co., 
runs  northward,  and  enters  the  Red  Cedar  River  at  the  city 
of  Lansing. 

Sycamore  Creek,  Tennessee,  runs  southwestward 
through  Cheatham  co.,  and  enters  Cumberland  River  oppo- 
site the  mouth  of  Harpcth  River. 

Sycamore  Dale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  oo., 
W.  Va.,  4  miles  from  Mount  Clare.     It  has  a  church. 

Sycamore  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co., 
Kansas,  about  44  miles  S.W.  of  Emporia. 

Sycamore  Station,  a  post-village  of  Pittsylvania 
CO.,  Va.,  on  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  31  miles  N.  of 
Danville.  It  has  a  church  and  5  stores.  Much  lumber  is 
shipped  here. 

Sycamore  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  0. 

Sychar,  or  Sychem.    See  Nabloos. 

Sydenham,  sid'?n-am,  a  chapclry  of  England,  co.  of 
Kent,  with  a  station  on  the  London  <fc  Croydon  Railway,  8 
miles  S.S.E.  of  London  Bridge. 

Sydenham,  Ontario.  See  Cathcaut,  Loughbobocgb, 
Owen  Sound,  and  Dixie. 

Sydenham  Island,  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Nanooti. 

Sydenham  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Grey  co.,  Ontario, 
on  a  branch  of  the  Big  Head  River,  13  miles  from  Meaford. 
It  contains  a  church  and  lumber-mills. 

Sydenham  Place,  a  post-village  in  Drummond  co., 
Quebec,  15  miles  from  Richmond.     Pop.  200, 

Syd'norsville,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  eo.,  Va. 

Sydney,  sid'nee,  the  capital  city  of  the  British  colony 
of  New  South  Wales,  is  built  on  the  southern  shores  of  Port 
Jackson,  5  miles  from  the  entrance  of  the  harbor.  Lat 
33°  51'  S. ;  Ion.  151°  11'  42"  E.  It  is  the  oldest  city  in 
Australia,  and  was  founded  in  1788  by  Captain  Arthur 
Phillip,  who  had  been  despatched  by  the  imperial  govern- 
ment to  establish  a  penal  settlement  in  this  remote  region, 
and  who,  after  first  landing  at  Botany  Bay  and  remaining 
a  short  time  at  that  inconvenient  locality,  soon  after  dis- 
covered and  removed  to  the  fine  harbor  of  Port  Jackson. 
The  harbor  is  quite  landlocked,  with  deep  water  to  the 
edge  of  its  rocky  shores.  The  old  part  of  the  town  is  fas' 
disappearing,  and  giving  place  to  a  handsome  city,  witu 
numerous  public  and  private  buildings,  built  of  fine  sand- 


SYD 


2573 


SYM 


Btone.  Tho  city  has  a  mayor  and  municipal  corporation  ; 
ftnd  there  also  the  governor  resides  and  the  colonial  par- 
liament of  two  houses  holds  its  session.  There  are  3  col- 
legos,  a  grammar-school,  and  a  university,  which  has,  with 
regard  to  its  degrees,  tho  status  of  the  English  universities. 
Sydney  has  2  large  dry-docks,  an  observatory,  several 
parks,  and  a  museum.  Mean  temperature,  62.4°  Fahr., 
which  is  almost  equal  to  that  of  Lisbon.  The  variation  in 
tho  annual  temperature  is  only  4.6°,  or  from  59.8°  to  64.3°. 
Mean  temperature  of  January,  70.9°  ;  of  July,  51.7°.  The 
gold  discoveries  in  1851  have  augmented  the  commerce  of 
Sydney,  and  a  branch  mint  was  granted  by  the  imperial 
government,  which  came  into  work  in  May,  1855.  By 
royal  proclamation  of  the  same  year,  the  gold  coinage  of 
Sydney  is  made  legal  tender  in  the  United  Kingdom.  The 
place  is  defended  by  several  fortifications,  including  Pinch- 
gut  Island,  a  small  rock  artificially  cut  to  nearly  a  level 
with  the  water.  There  is  communication  from  Sj'dney  by 
rail  W.  to  the  Weatherboard,  at  the  base  of  the  Blue  Moun- 
tain?, a  distance  of  72  miles  ;  S.  to  Sutton  Forest,  86  m.iles. 
Shortest  sea-route  to  London,  12,040  miles  ;  time,  86  days. 
In  June,  1866,  a  regular  line  of  steam-packets  was  estab- 
lished between  Sydney,  Wellington  (New  Zealand),  and 
Panama.  The  port  of  Sydney  is  the  depot  of  the  Peninsu- 
lar &  Oriental  and  Panama  &  New  Zealand  mail-packets. 
Pop.  in  1871,  134,747;  in  1881,  with  suburbs,  220,427. 

Sydney,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Axtigonish. 

Sydney,  or  South  Sydney,  a  seaport  town  of  Nova 
Scotia,  formerly  capital  of  Cape  Breton,  situated  in  the  E. 
part  of  the  island  of  Cape  Breton,  at  the  head  of  one  of 
the  finest  harbors  in  the  world,  having  a  safe  and  secure 
entrance,  285  miles  N.E.  of  Halifax.  Lat.  of  light-house, 
46°  18'  N.;  Ion.  60°  9'  W.  Three  miles  above  the  light- 
house are  the  Sydney  Coal-Mines,  and  at  the  distance 
of  15  miles  are  the  Bridgeport  Mines,  where  the  coal  is  9 
feet  in  thickness.  A  railway  connects  the  latter  mines 
with  Sydney,  and  another  extends  to  Louisburg.  Sydney 
is  the  chief  town  of  the  eo.  of  Cape  Breton.  It  has  6 
churches,  3  branch  banks,  a  court-house,  a  masonic  hall,  2 
newspaper  ofiices,  3  good  hotels,  an  iron-foundi-y,  steam- 
tannery,  boot-factory,  ship-yards,  and  a  number  of  stores. 
It  has  a  considerable  trade  with  Newfoundland  and  the 
islands  of  St.  Pierre  and  Miquelon.     Pop.  3000. 

Sydney  Mines,  a  seaport  town  of  Nova  Scotia,  co.  of 
Cape  Breton,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Sydney  Harbor,  20  miles 
from  Sydney.  Here  are  the  Sydney  Coal-Mines.  The  coal 
is  transported  3  miles  by  railway  to  a  wharf  in  Sydney 
Harbor,  where  it  is  taken  on  board  of  vessels.     Pop.  2500. 

Sy^edpoor',  or  Sayyidpur,  si^yed-poor',  a  town  of 
Bengal,  Fureedpoor  district,  on  a  navigable  river.  Lat. 
23°  25'  N. ;  Ion.  89°  44'  E.  It  has  a  large  trade,  and  is  by 
no  means  compactly  built.     Pop.  6324. 

Syene,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Asswan, 

Syene,  si'een,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dane  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Madison. 
It  has  8  dwellings. 

'  Syhoon,  si-hoon',  or  Seihun,  si-hoon'  (anc.  Sa'rua), 
:a  river  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  rises  among  tho  mountains  of 
Taurus,  flows  S.W.,  and  falls  into  the  Mediterranean.  Total 
'course,  about  130  miles. 

Sykes  (siks)  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Elmore  co.,  Ala. 
■Here  is  a  grist-mill. 

I  Sykesville,  siks'vil,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Md., 
on  tho  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  32  miles  W.N.W.  of 
'Baltimore.     It  has  4  churches. 

Sykesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  2 
imiles  from  Wrightstown  Station,  which  is  33  miles  E.  by 
;N.  of  Camden.     It  has  a  church. 

Sykharitza,  se-Ki-rit'si,  a  mountain  of  Greece,  20 
smiles  S.E.  of  Arta,  5908  feet  in  height. 

Sylacauga,  sil-a-kaw'ga,  a  post-hamlet  of  Talladega 
jCO.,  Ala.,  about  60  miles  N.  of  Montgomery.  It  has  2 
(churches. 

Syl'ah,  or  Sil'ah,  a  fortified  town  of  India,  in  tho 
iBaroda  dominions,  on  the  Guzerat  peninsula,  65  miles  S.W. 
of  Ahmedabad. 

Sy'lamore,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stone  co..  Ark., on  White 
River,  6  miles  below  Mount  Olive.     It  has  a  church. 

Sylarsville,si'Iarz-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Ark., 
iabout  28  miles  N.AV.'of  Helena. 

I,  Syl'het',  or  SiPhet',  a  district  of  India,  attached  to 
JAssam,  but  separated  from  it  on  the  N.  by  the  Cossyah  and 
Uynteah  Hills,  and  bounded  W.  by  Bengal,  Area,  6383 
kquare  miles.  It  is  a  fertile  and  populous  pastoral  country, 
jCapital,  Sylhet.     Pop.  1,719,539. 

Sylhet,  or  Silhet,  a  town  of  India,  capital  of  Sylhet, 
•n  the  Soormah,  160  miles  N.E.  of  Dacca,     Pop.  16,846. 


Syll,  or  Syl,  a  river  of  Europe.    See  Schyl, 

Sylliman,  sil'le-m^n,  a  post-oflice  of  Schuylkill  co., 
Pa.,  about  12  miles  S.W,  of  Pottsville. 

Sylt,  or  Syltde,  an  island  of  Prussia.    See  Silt, 

Sylva,  sil'vi,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  government 
of  Perm.  Lat,  57°  30'  N,  It  flows  circuitously  N.N.W., 
and,  after  a  course  of  nearly  300  miles,  joins  the  Tcboos- 
sova  24  miles  N.E.  of  Perm. 

Sylva  Hercynia,  Germany.    See  Harz. 

Sylvan,  sil'van,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tuscaloosa  co.,  Ala., 
about  60  miles  N.W.  of  Selma.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
masonic  lodge. 

Sylvan,  a  township  of  Osceola  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  124. 

Sylvan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washtenaw  co.,  Mich.,  in  Syl- 
van township,  4  miles  S.W,  of  Chelsea,  and  18  miles  W,  oi' 
Ann  Arbor.  It  has  a  church.  The  township  contains  the 
village  of  Chelsea,  which  is  on  the  Michigan  Central  Rail- 
road.    Pop.  of  the  township,  1886. 

Sylvan,  a  post-hamlet  in  Warren  township,  Franklin 
CO.,  Pa.,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Hancock,  Md.  It  has  a  tannery 
and  a  grist-mill. 

Sylvan,  a  post-township  of  Richland  co.,  Wis.,  about 
45  miles  S.E.  of  La  Crosse.     Pop.  1010. 

Sylvan,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Silver  Creek,  3  miles  from  Widder.     Pop.  100. 

Sylvan  Dale,  a  post-office  of  Labette  co.,  Kansas, 

Sylvan  Dell,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co.,  Ky. 

Sylvanectes,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Senlis. 

Sylvan  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Kansas. 
12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Wilson  Railroad  Station. 

Sylva'nia,  a  small  post-village,  capital  of  Scrivcn  co., 
Ga.,  about  60  miles  N.N.W.  of  Savannan.  It  has  3  churches 
and  a  seminary, 

Sylvania,  a  post-hamlet  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.,  about  35 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Terre  Haute.    It  has  a  Friends'  meeting. 

Sylvania,  a  post-office  of  Dade  co..  Mo.,  about  30  miles 
N.E.  of  Carthage. 

Sylvania,  a  village  of  Scott  co..  Mo.,  on  the  St.  Loui.«, 
Iron  Mountain  <fc  Southern  Railroad,  at  Sylvania  Station, 
20  miles  N.W.  of  Charleston.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  stave-factory.     Here  is  St.  Cloud  Post-Office. 

Sylvania,  a  post-village  in  Sylvania  township,  Lucaa 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad, 
10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Toledo,  and  22  miles  E.S.E.  of  Adrian, 
Mich.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  and  manufactures 
of  barrels,  staves,  and  wood-pulp.     Pop.  in  1880,  523. 

Sylvania,  a  post-village  in  Columbia  township,  Brad- 
ford CO.,  Pa.,  4  miles  W.N.W.  of  Troy  Station,  and  about 
24  miles  S.  of  Elmira,  N.Y.  It  has  2  churches,  2  stores, 
a  carriage-shop,  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  212. 

Sylvania,  a  township  of  Potter  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  267. 

Sylvania,  Racine  co..  Wis.    See  Windsor. 

Syl'van  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  Fla.,  about 
20  miles  N.  of  Orlando,  and  2  miles  from  the  St.  John's  River. 
It  has  a  church. 

Sylvan  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
a  small  lake,  and  on  the  Clove  Branch  of  the  Dutchess  it 
Columbia  Railroad,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Newburg.  Iron  is 
mined  near  this  place. 

Sylvant,  Richland  co.,  Wis.    See  Sylvan. 

Sylvare'na  (post-office,  Silverina),  a  hamlet  of  Smith 
CO.,  Miss.,  28  miles  S.  of  Forest.  Here  are  2  churches,  and 
a  school  called  the  Sylvarena  Institute. 

Sylves'ter,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mecosta  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Hinton  township,  about  52  miles  N.N.E.  of  Grand  Rapids. 
It  has  1  or  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  shingles. 

Sylvester,  a  post-township  of  Green  co..  Wis.,  about  28 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Madison.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  876. 

Symicthus,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Giarretta. 

Symbalon,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Balaklava. 

Sym'co,  a  post-office  of  Waupaca  co..  Wis.,  about  34 
miles  N.W.  of  Appleton. 

Symi,  see'mee  (anc.  Si/'me),  an  islaird  off  the  W.  coast 
of  Asia  Minor,  at  tho  entrance  of  the  Gulf  of  Symi,  15 
miles  N.W.  of  Rhodes.  Lat.  36°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  27°  64'  Jil. 
Length  and  breadth,  about  6  miles  each.  Pop.  estimate^ 
at  7000.  The  outline  is  very  irregular,  and  the  island  is  a 
rocky  mass  of  limestone  rising  to  1000  feet  above  the  sea. 
The  soil  is  mostly  barren,  but  every  available  patch  of 
ground  is  assiduously  cultivated,  and  the  inhabitants  are 
distinguished  for  industry  and  commercial  enterprise.  Symi 
exports  large  quantities  of  sponge  and  wood  from  the  shores 
of  its  gulf.  It  has  3  harbors,  a  town  of  the  same  name,  and 
some  remains  of  antiquity,  Symi,  the  capital  and  the  only 
town  on  the  island,  is  a  thriving  place  at  the  head  of  the 
Gulf  of  Symi,  on  the  N.E,  angle  of  the  island.  Pep,  about 
1000,    See  also  Gulf  of  Symi. 


»m 


^74 


SYll 


SyinmeSf  slmz,  a  township  of  EdgAr  oo.,  III.    P.  1185. 

SyiiimeS)  a  post-villnge  in  Syiiunoa  township,  Ham- 
ilton CO.,  0.,  on  tho  Little  Miami  Hivcr  and  tho  Marietta 
A  Cincinnati  llailroad,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Cinciniuiti.  It 
has  a  churuh,  a  tlour-mill,  a  carriage-shop,  nnd  a  tine  sus- 
pension-bridge.    Pop.  of  the  township,  1377. 

Synimes,  a  township  of  I^awronce  cc,  0.    Pop.  995. 

Syninics'  (simz)  Cor'ner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler 
CO.,  0.,  4  miles  S.  of  Hamilton. 

Synimes'  Creek,  of  Ohio,  rises  in  Jackson  co.,  and 
enters  the  Ohio  Hiver  about  5  miles  above  Ihirlington. 

Syiiimes'  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Muskingum  co.,  0. 

Syinond^s  Harbor,  New  Zealand.    See  Ma:«aroo. 

Syniplicropol,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  SiMPKnopOL. 

Syinplegndes,  8im-plig'9,-diz,  a  group  of  rocky  islets 
in  the  lilauk  Sea,  at  tho  entrance  of  the  lio!<porus. 

Syinsonia,  sim-so'no-iv,  a  post-hamlet  of  Graves  co., 
Ky.,  7  miles  S.  of  Florence  Station.  It  hixs  a  church  and 
a  flour-mill. 

Synghem,  or  Syngem,  sTn'ohdm,  a  village  of  Bel- 
gium, East  Flanders,  10  tiiilcs  S.S.W.  of  Ghent.     P.  2293. 

Syiitekhno,  sin-tiK'no,  a  river  of  Greece,  an  affluent 
of  tho  Agpro)>otamo.  Syntekhno  is  also  the  name  of  a 
i&ountain  of  Greece,  contiguous  to  the  above. 

Syoot,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Sioot. 

Syossct,  si-os's^t,  a  post-hamlet  in  Oyster  Bay  town- 
iihip.  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Long  Island 
llailroad,  .30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Brooklyn.     It  has  a  church. 

Sy'plier'8  Cove,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  on  Grand  Lake,  64  miles  from  St.  John.  P.  100. 

Syra,  see'r4  (anc.  Si/'ros),  an  island  of  the  Grecian 
Archipelago,  among  the  Cyclades,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Paros. 
Area,  about  55  square  miles.  Pop.  about  30,000.  The  sur- 
face is  mountainous,  and  near  its  N.  extremity  is  a  peak 
rising  to  4000  feet  above  the  sea.  Many  parts  of  the  island 
are  fertile,  producing  corn,  wine,  silk,  figs,  and  cotton.  It 
forms,  with  the  islands  of  Zea,  Myconus,  Thermia,  Serpho, 
Siphanto,  Argontiora,  Milo,  and  Sikino,  a  government  of 
Greece. 

Syra,  or  Hermop'olis,  the  capital  of  the  above 
island,  is  a  maritime  town  on  the  E.  shore.  Pop.  20,990. 
It  is  built  around  its  harbor,  at  the  foot  of  a  conical-shaped 
hill,  which  formed  the  site  of  the  older  town.  Since  the 
Greek  revolution  Syra  has  attained  a  rank  for  commercial 
importance  in  Greece  next  to  Athens.  It  is  the  residence 
of  consuls  of  most  European  states,  and  is  a  principal  sta- 
tion of  the  Mediterranean  steamers  going  to  and  from  Con- 
stantinople. It  has  5  churches,  2  branch  banks,  5  steam 
ilour-mills,  6  tanneries,  manufactures  of  ropes,  glass,  pot- 
tery, iron-wares,  castings,  handkerchiefs,  sashes,  yarn,  Ac, 
also  ship-yards,  a  gymnasium,  2  orphanages,  a  normal 
school,  and  5  newspaper  offices.  Outside  the  town  proper 
there  is,  on  a  hill  near  by,  a  suburb  called  Upper  Syra,  with 
8000  inhabitants. 

Syracuse,  slr'a-kuz  (It.  Siracum,  sc-ra-koo'si ;  anc. 
S>/racn'sa ;  Gr.  2vpoitoS<ra),  a  city  of  Sicily,  capital  of 
a  province,  on  its  E.  coast,  in  modern  times  occupying 
only  the  site  of  the  original  and  smallest  quarter  of  the 
famous  city  of  antiquity,  viz.,  the  island  of  Ortygia,  be- 
tween the  sea  and  tne  harbor,  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Catania. 
Lat.  37°  N. ;  Ion.  15°  17'  E.  Pop.,  which  in  ancient  times 
amounted  to  200,000,  was  in  1871  only  20,035.  The  ca- 
thedral, formerly  the  temple  of  Minerva,  is  of  Doric  arch- 
itecture, and  has  been  a  place  of  worship  continuously  for 
2500  years.  The  church  of  St.  Marcian  claims  to  have 
been  the  earliest  in  Europe  for  Christian  worship.  Tho 
catacombs  and  the  lutomite,  or  ancient  prisons,  are  the 
quarries  from  which  the  materials  of  Syracuse  were  taken. 
In  connection  with  the  latomiae  of  Neapolis  may  be  men- 
tioned the  famous  cavern  known  by  the  name  of  the  "  Ear 
of  Dionysius,"  along  which  the  slightest  whisper  is  sup- 
posed to  have  been  audibly  conveyed.  Besides  the  above, 
the  famous  fountain  of  Arethusa,  now  used  for  a  washing- 
trough,  the  remains  of  the  strong  fortress  Ilexapylon,  of  a 
temple  of  Apollo,  another  of  Diana,  of  a  Roman  amphi- 
theatre, some  baths,  walls,  gates,  and  the  Palace  of  Sixty 
Beds,  constructed  by  Agathocles,  are  the  chief  vestiges  of 
antiquity.  The  mediaeval  citadel,  barracks,  a  college,  royal 
academy,  museum  of  antiquities,  and  public  library,  with 
numerous  churches,  may  be  noticed  as  belonging  to  the 
modern  city.  The  noble  harbor  is  admirably  adapted  for 
a  commercial  emporium,  but  its  trade  is  now  nearly  con- 
fined to  a  few  exports  of  salt,  wine,  oil,  and  fish.  Syracuse 
■was  founded  B.C.  736  by  a  colony  from  Corinth,  governed 
alternately  as  a  republic  or  under  kings.  It  was  unsuccess- 
fully besieged  by  the  Athenians  B.C.  414,  and  taken  by  the 
Romans  b.  c.  212,  and,  after  a  long  siege,  in  878  a.d.,  by 


the  Sarnoons,  who  nartially  destroyed  it;  but  It  wag  chiefly 
ruined  by  tho  earthquake  of  1693.  It  was  tho  residonc*, 
at  different  periods,  of  Plato,  Simonides,  Ztno,  iuul  Cicero 
and  the  birthjilaco  of  tho  poets  Theocritus  nnd  Mosschui' 
and  of  tho  |)hilo8opher  Archimedes,  who  lost  his  life  at  th« 

capture  of  the   city  by  the  Romans. Adj.  and  inbab. 

SviiACusAN,  slr-^-kn'zi^n. 

Syracuse,  slr'i^-kaz,  a  post-villago  in  Turkey  Creek 
townshii),  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.,  on  tho  Baltimore  A  Ohio 
Railroad,  nnd  on  Turkey  Lake,  at  its  outlet,  I7i  niilct  \V. 
of  Albion,  and  about  14  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Goshen.  It  hoi 
a  church,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of  wngou 
and  cabinet-ware.     Pop.  about  600. 

Syracuse,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Arkansas  River,  and  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  A  Santa 
FC  Railroad,  27  miles  E.  of  Granada,  Col. 

Syracuse,  a  post-village  of  Morgan  co..  Mo.,  on  tbe 
Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  21  miles  E.  of  Sedalia.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  high  school.  Lead  and  coal  abound  in  its 
vicinity.     Pop.  about  200. 

Syracuse,  a  post-village  of  Otoe  co.,  Neb.,  on  the  Little 
Nemaha  River,  and  on  the  Nebraska  Railroad,  23  miles  W. 
by  S.  of  Nebraska  City.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  728. 

Syracuse,  a  flourishing  city  and  the  seat  of  government 
of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  is  situated  in  the  Onondaga  Valley, 
along  Onondaga  Creek  to  its  mouth  in  Onondaga  Lake,  and 
on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  nearly  equidistant  from 
Albany  and  Buflialo,  being  148  miles  W.  by  N.  of  the  former, 
and  149J  miles  E.  of  the  latter  ;  it  is  the  S.  terminus  of  the 
Oswego  A  Syracuse  Branch  of  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna 
A  Western  Railroad,  and  tbe  N.  terminus  of  tho  Bingbam- 
ton  Branch  of  that  road.  It  is  38  miles  from  Oswego,  84 
miles  from  Binghamton,  and  91  miles  by  the  New  York  Cen- 
tral Railro<ad  from  Rochester.  Syracuse  has  rail-connection 
in  all  directions  by  the  roads  named,  and  by  the  Syracuse, 
Chenango  A  New  York,  the  Rome,  Watertown  A  Ogdensburg, 
and  several  branches  of  the  New  York  Central  Railroad; 
tho  Erie  Canal  likewise  passes  through  the  city,  nnd  it  il 
the  S.  terminus  of  the  Oswego  Canal.  It  is  thus  tho  centre 
of  an  extensive  trade,  including  grain,  lumber,  and  other 
staples;  but  the  salt  manufacture  and  export  have  always 
constituted  the  controlling  interest.  The  salt  springs  were 
first  visited  by  French  Jesuit  missionaries  in  1654.  The 
Indians  carried  on  the  salt-manufacture  to  a  considerable 
extent  until,  about  1787,  an  interest  was  awakened  nuiong 
the  white  people  of  tho  surrounding  country,  and  since 
then  tho  business  has  steadily  grown,  until  now  the  product 
is  nearly  10,000,000  bushels  annually.  This  industry  was 
made  the  subject  of  special  legislation  by  the  state  as  early 
as  1797,  nnd  it  is  still  regulated  by  state  laws.  In  addition 
to  the  salt-works,  there  are  upwards  of  90  manufacturing 
establishments,  including  Bessemer  steel  works,  a  blast-fur- 
nace, foundries  and  machine-shops,  rolling-mills,  engine^ 
and  boiler-manufactories,  planing-mills,  door-,  sash-,  an4' 
blind-factories,  furniture-factories,  manufactories  of  mower* 
and  reapers  and  agricultural  implements  generally,  bolts  an4, 
nuts,  saddlery,  saddlery  hardware,  boots  and  shoes,  clothing,, 
extension-tables  and  other  specialties  in  furniture  and  cabi- 
net-ware, picture-frames,  musical  instruments,  silverware 
and  jewelry,  Ac,  besides  flour-mills,  breweries,  stone-works, 
gas-works,  Ac.  The  capital  invested  in  all  industries  re- 
ported in  the  census  of  1890  was  $17,207,955,  and  value  of 
product  $25,540,304.  There  are  10  national,  state,  oncl' 
private  bank",  2  savings-banks,  and  a  trust  and  deposit^ 
company.  Tho  city  has  a  high  school  and  upwards  of  20 
graded  public  schools,  nnd  there  are  numerous  ])rivate  and 
denominational  schools  ;  the  higher  education  is  provided 
for  by  Syracuse  University,  with  3  colleges,  having  together 
about  60  professors  and  nearly  900  students  and  a  library 
of  45,000  volumes.  Four  daily  and  9  weekly  newspapers 
and  numerous  other  periodicals  are  published  here.  Tlieie 
are  many  churches.  The  principal  library  is  the  Central 
Library,  a  public  institution,  under  the  control  of  the 
Board  of  Education.  The  city  government  is  vested  in  a 
mayor  and  a  board  of  aldermen.  Syracuse  has  efficient 
police  and  fire  (departments,  an  adequate  supply  of  good 
water,  gas  and  electric  lights,  and  street  railways.  In  178^, 
Asa  Danforth  established  salt-works  here.  The  vicinity 
was  slowly  settled,  and  a  village  grew  up,  called  Bogardus 
Corners;  it  changed  its  name  several  times,  until  in  1824  it 
was  designated  Syracuse,  and  in  1825  was  incorporated 
under  that  name.  In  1847  the  adjoining  village  of  Salina 
was  merged  in  Syracuse,  and  the  city  was  incorporated. 
Parts  of  Geddes  and  Onondaga  have  been  annexed  since 
1880.  Pop.  in  1860,  28,119;  iH  1870,  43,051;  in  1880, 
51,792;  in  1890,  88,143. 


SYR 


2575 


SZA 


Syracuse,  a  post-village  in  Sutton  township,  Meigs 

CO.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  6  miles  above  Poineroy,  and  60 

miles  below  Parkersburg.     It  is  mainly  supported  by  the 

j  manufacture  of  salt  and  the  coal-business.    It  has  4  churches 

1  and  a  college.     Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  in  1880,  1545. 

i     Syr-Darya,  or  Sir-Daria,  sir-  (or  seer-)  dar'yi,  a 

j  government  or  province  of  Asiatic  Russia,  in  Toorkistan, 

I  including  most  of  the  valley  of  the  Jaxartes  after  it  leaves 

i  Ferghana.    Area,  165,990  square  miles.    Chief  town,  Tash- 

kend.    Pop.  848,489.    See  also  Jaxartes. 

Syria,  slr'e-a,  or  Suria,  soo're-a  (Turk.  Sham  Vilayeti, 
shim  ve-li-i'tee;  Arab.  Es-Sham,  fis-shim  ;  It.  Soria,  so- 
ree'i ;  Fr.  Syrie,  seeVee' ;  Ger.  Si/rien,  see're-^n),  a  large 
division  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  which,  including  Palestine,  lies 
mostly  between  lat.  31°  and  37°  N.  and  Ion.  34°  30'  and 
40°  E.,  bounded  N.  by  the  Amanian  Mountains,  E.  by  the 
Euphrates  and  the  Arabian  desert,  S.  by  Arabia  Petrasa, 
and  W.  by  the  Mediterranean  Sea.    Estimated  area,  146,070 
Isquare  miles.     Pop.  about  2,750,000,  mostly  Mohammedans, 
•but  including  about  350,000  Greek  Christians,  260,000  Mar- 
onitcs  and  Roman  Catholics,  175,000  Jews,  48,000  Druses, 
and  17,000  Motualis  and  Yezidis.     The  W.  or  coast  portion 
lis  mountainous  ;  the  E.  is  chiefly  an  elevated  plain.     The 
[mountain-ranges  proceed  mostly  N.  to  S., — the  Alma-Dagh 
iand  Mount  Lebanon,  in  which  Jebel-Makmel,  10,000  feet, 
is  the  highest  point  in  Syria.   These  terminate  on  the  coast 
in  bold   headlands,  as   do  several   spurs  of  Anti-Libanus, 
.which  range  in  Palestine,  enclosing  the  fertile  valley  Coele- 
Syria.   The  mountains  are  rugged,  consisting  of  limestone, 
overlying  slate,  and  other  Silurian  rocks,  which  appear  in 
the  summits  of  Libanus;  but  at  their  bases  are  many  fer- 
tile tracts,  in  the  basins  of  small  rivers,  and  here  are  sev- 
eral plains  of  high  fertility,  as  those  of  Haooran  in  the  E., 
Antioch  and  Aleppo  in  the  N.,  Esdraelon  and  Sharon  in 
the  S.     In  the  S.  and  E.,  granite,  gneiss,  and  dolomite 
.mountains  skirt  the  volcanic  region  of  the  Dead  Sea,  which 
is  entered  by  the  river  Jordan  ;  besides  which,  the  chief 
-Ivors  are  the  Orontes  or  El  Aasy,  the  Litany,  and  the 
Vahr-el-Kebeer,  entering  the  Mediterranean,  and  the  Bar- 
;ada,  which  waters  Damascus.     The  principal  lalies  are  the 
Dead  Sea,  Tiberias,  and  Rahr-el-Hooleh,  in  the  valley  of 
-he  Jordan  ;  with  some  smaller  lakes  or  marshes  near  Da- 
■nascus  and  Antioch.     The  surface  being  very  uneven,  the 
dimate  and  products  vary  greatly  within  short  distances. 
rVlong  the  coasts,  and  in  the  valley  of  the  Jordan,  the  heat 
s  great,  and  the  orange,  banana,  and  date  flourish,  while 
,he  summits  of  the  mountains  are  seen  covered  with  snow, 
n  the  N.,  and  on  the  elevated  plain  E.  of  the  mountains, 
he  climate  is  colder;  but  at  Aleppo  frosts  are  seldom  severe, 
nd  snow  rarely  lies  on  the  ground  for  more  than  a  day  at 
.  time.     The  corn  is  ripe  early  in  May,  and  from  June  to 
September  summer  heats  prevail,  unbroken  by  any  rain, 
hough  tempered  in  the  W.  by  sea-breezes.     The  samiel,  a 
find  like  the  simoom  of  the  desert,  sometimes  occurs  at 
liis  season,  and  shocks  of  earthquake  are  frequent.    There 
re-  heavy  rains  in  spring  and  autumn,  and  the  trees  fre- 
uently  retain  their  foliage  till  the  beginning  of  December, 
fheat,  barley,   maize,  millet,  lentils,  and   sesamum   are 
ised  in  the  plains,  principally  in  the  Haooran,  which  has 
ways  been  considered  the  granary  of  Syria.     Cotton  and 
e  mulberry  flourish  on  the  coast,  and  silk  is  extensively 
roduced  on  the  slopes  of  Lebanon.     Other  chief  products 
e  sheep's  wool,  olive  oil,  sugar,  indigo,  scammony  and 
'  or  gums,  safflower,  dates,  timber,  hides,  and  skins.   The 
animals  include  the  buffalo,  hyena,  and  jackal ;  the 
i«]  and  mule  are  employed  as  beasts  of  burden  ;  horses 
small,  but  strong  and  active.     Sheep  and  live-stock 
irm,  as   in   ancient   times,  a   chief  part  of  the  wealth 
the    inhabitants ;    and,  all    merchandise    being    con- 
eyed  on  the  backs  of  animals,  it  is  estimated  that  the 
■ansit  trade  employs  80,000  beasts  and  about  30,000  drivers, 
bout  10,000  pounds  of  sponge,  fished  on  the  coast,  are 
int  annually  to  the  ports  of  the  Mediterranean.   Damascus 
nd,  till  1860,  many  looms  employed  in  the  manufacture 
i  silks,  and  the  same  manufacture  is  carried  on  to  a  con- 
derable  extent  in  Aleppo  and  Beyroot.     Cotton  and  some 
■  oollen  fabrics,  shawls,  and  gold  and  silver  thread  stuffs 
■re  also  woven  there  and  elsewhere.     Glass,  earthenwares, 
lathor,  and  soap  are  made  in  the  above  and  other  towns, 
nd  in  Palestine  ecclesiastical  ornaments  are  manufactured 
>r  sale.     Commerce  is  greatly  impeded  by  the  want  of 
:)ads,  those  that  exist  being  mere  mule-  or  camel-tracks. 
ihe  only  carriage-road  is  that  from  Beyroot  to  Damascus, 
pened  in  1863  ;  a  second  is  being  made  between  Beyroot 
hd  Saida.  But  as  Syria  is  on  the  high  route  from  Bagdad, 
ilosul,  and  Erzroom  to  Mecca,  caravans  annually  traverse 
,  bringing  galls,  indigo,  Mocha  coffee,  skins,  Cashmere 


shawls,  and  other  Indian  manufactures,  also  the  producta 
of  Asia  Minor,  Mesopotamia,  and  Persia,  which  are  e.x- 
changed  here  for  European  manufactures  and  cochineaL' 
Exports,  grain,  seeds,  cotton,  galls,  wool,  madder-root,  gum, 
Ac.  Imports,  cottons,  copper,  iron,  tin,  woollens,  coals,  indigo_ 
pepper,  coffee,  apparel,  <tc.  Latakeea,  Tripoli,  Beyroot, 
Caesarea,  and  Jaffa  are  the  principal  seaport  towns.  The 
trade  of  Syria  is  chiefly  conducted  by  Christians,  Jews,  or 
Armenians.  The  Mohammedans  are  most  numerous  in  the' 
secondary  towns  and  in  the  rural  districts.  The  Druses,  a: 
peculiar  tribe,  are  chiefly  agricultural,  but  partly  occupied, 
in  domestic  weaving  and  other  manufactures;  they  inhabit 
a  part  of  Mount  Lebanon,  where  they  live  under  an  emir; 
or  prince  of  their  own  race.  The  Maronites  are  also  a  pe- 
culiar people,  and  have  a  patriarch,  12  bishops,  and  nu- 
merous convents.  The  Metualis  are  Mohammedans  of  the, 
Persian  or  Shiah  sect;  and  the  Yezidis  and  some  other 
tribes  are  adherents  of  idolatrous  or  heretical  creeds.  Syria 
proper  is  divided  into  the  vilayets  of  Syria  and  .'Vleppo  and 
the  districts  of  Beyroot,  Lebanon,  and  Jerusalem  ;  the  chief, 
cities  are  Aleppo,  Damascus,  Beyroot,  Antioch,  Ilamab, ' 
Homs,  Jerusalem,  Nabloos,  Saida,  and  Gaza.  The  great; 
majority  of  the  Christian  population  of  Syria  belong  to  • 
the  Roman  Catholic  church,  or  some  of  its  Eastern  forms,  aS' 
Maronites,  Greek  Catholics,  <fco.  In  consequence  of  an  out-; 
break  among  the  Druse  population,  caused  by  religious , 
fanaticism  and  political  jealousy  and  ending  in  the  mas-, 
sacre  of  the  Christians,  a  French  army  occupied  the  country, 
from  August  17,  1860,  to  June,  1861.  The  massacre  left: 
10,000  orphans  to  be  provided  for.  The  government  is ., 
conducted  in  the  same  corrupt  and  extortionate  manner  aa.- 
in  the  other  provinces  of  Turkey.  Public  revenue,  derived 
from  taxation  of  every  kind,  is  estimated  at  $2,000,000. 
See  Palestine. 

Syriam,  slrVe-im',  a  town  of  British  Burmah,  in  Pegu, . 
15  miles  E.  of  Rangoon,  on  a  branch  of  the  Irrawaddy,  in 
its  delta.  ; 

Syrmia,  sir'me-4,  or  Syrmien,  8e5u'me-§n,  the  east- 
ernmost county  of  Slavonia,  in  Austro-Hungary,  between 
the  Danube  and  Drave.  It  gives  title  to  a  bishop.  Capi- 
tal, Vukovar.     Pop.  122,592. 

Syrtis  Minor.    See  Gulp  of  Cabes. 

Syrtis  Major,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Gulf  of  Sidra.; 

Sysola,  sis-so'li,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  N.E.  of 
the  government  of  Viatka,  flows  eircuitously  N.N.W.,  and; 
joins  the  Vitchegda  after  a  course  of  about  200  miles. 

Sysseele,  sis'siM^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Flanders,  40  miles  E.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  1808. 

Sytchewsk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Sitciievka. 

Syzran,  siz-rin',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  70 
miles  S.  of  Simbeersk,  on  the  Syzran,  near  its  eonfluenco'. 
with  the  Volga.  Pop.  19,443.  It  has  various  factories, 
numerous  churches,  and  public  schools. 

Szabadszallas,  soh'bod^s3.ri^h',  a  village  of  Hun-r 
gary,  in  Cumania,  23  miles  S.W.  of  Kecskemet.    Pop.  6071. 

Szabadka,  Hungary.    See  Tiieresienstadt. 

Szabolcs,  s3h'boltch',  a  county  of  Hungary,  the  eapi-. 
tal  of  which  is  Nagy  Kailo.  Area,  1890  square  miles.. 
Pop.  220,708. 

Szalad,  sohMod',  or  Zala,  a  county  of  Hungary,  N.AV.. 
of  Balatony  Lake,  and  named  from  the  river  Szala,  a  tribu-, 
tary  to  the  lake.  Capital  town,  Szala-Egerszeg.  (See  Egers- 
ZEG.)     Area,  1969  square  miles.     Pop.  333,237. 

Szalt,  silt  or  s'silt  (anc.  Amathu»?),a  town  of  Syri.a, 
at  the  S.  foot  of  Mount  Gilead,  42  miles  N.E.  of  Jerusalem. i 
It  stands  on  the  declivity  of  a  height  crowned  by  a  fortress,) 
and  exports  raisins,  sumach,  and  woven  fabrics.  It  lias 
about  500  houses. 

Szamos,  soh'mosh',  a  river  of  Transylvania  and  Hun- 
gary, formed  by  the  union  of  the  Great  and  Little  Szamos, 
10  miles  N.  of  Szamos-Ujvar,  flows  N.W.,  and  joins  the  Theiss 
near  the  mouth  of  the  Kraszna.     Total  course,  200  miles. 

Szamos-Ujvar,  soh'mosh'-oo'e-vin',  or  Armenier- 
stadt,  au-mi'ne-er-stitt,  a  town  of  Transylvania,  co.  of 
Inner  Szolnok,  on  the  Szamos,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Klausen- 
burg.  It  has  a  castle,  and  salt  springs  and  mines  in  its 
vicinity. 

Szamotuly,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Samter. 

Szanto,  son'to,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Aba  Uj  Var, 
12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Tokay.     Pop.  4142. 

Szany,  sCfi,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Oedenburg,  23 
miles  S.W.  of  Raab.     Pop.  2374. 

Szarvas,  sou'vCsh',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  B6kgs, 
on  the  Kiirbs,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Csongrad.     Pop.  22,446. 

Szas-Regen,  s8s-ri^gh6n',  a  town  of  Transylvania,  co. 
of  Thorad,  on  the  Maros,  19  miles  N.N.E.  of  Maros-Vfisir- 
hely.    Pop.  4771. 


SZA 


2676 


TAB 


'  Szasz-Scbes,  Trnnsyhania.     Pee  Mriii.nACH. 

Sza8Zvnros,sfU'v4'r6sh^  (Oor.  Uroos,  brOs),  a  town  of 
Trnnsylvnnia,  in  Saxonlnnd,  on  an  aflluent  of  the  Maros,  24 
u>ile8  S.W.  of  Karlsburg. 

Sznthmar,  sSt'm&R',  or  Szathmar-Varmegye) 
88t^ni&R'-vaR*mfid'yi\  a  county  in  the  E.  and  S.E.  of  Hun- 
gary.    Area,  2258  square  miles.     Pop.  308,883. 

Szathmar-Nemeth,  sOt^m&R'-n&^mdt',  a  town  of 
Hungary,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Siathraar,  on  the  Szamog,  60 
wiles  N.E.  or  Dcbreczin.  Pop.  18,353.  It  consists  of  Ne- 
methi  on  the  right  or  N.  bank  and  Szathraar  on  an  island 
in  the  river,  the  latter  fortifled.  It  has  a  cathedral,  a  col- 
lege, and  a  trade  in  wine  and  woollen  fabrics. 

Szdva,  a  river  of  Hungary.     See  Save. 

Szczuzin,  or  Schtschutschin,  sh'choo'chin\  a  town 
of  Poland,  in  Lomza,  35  miles  S.W.  of  Augustovo.    P.  4457. 

Szeben,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Sbbkn. 

Sze-Chnen,  a  province  of  China.    See  SE-CnnEW. 

Szecseny,  si*ch63',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Neo- 
grad,  on  the  Ipoly,  near  Balassa-Gyarmath.     Pop.  3582. 

Szegcdin,  sIg'M-in'  or  sfig^fid'een',  or  Zegcdin,  a 
town  of  Hungary,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Csongrad,  on  the 
Thoiss,  at  the  influx  of  the  Maros,  63  miles  W.N.  W.  of  Arad. 
Lat.  46°  17'  N. ;  Ion.  20°  10'  E.  Pop.  70,179.  It  is  divided 
into  the  Palanka,  or  central  town,  in  which  the  residences 
of  the  merchants  are  grouped  around  an  old  square  Turkish 
fortress,  the  upper  and  lower  towns,  and  New  Szcgedin,  on 
the  E.  bank  of  the  Theiss,  reached  by  a  bridge  of  boats.  It 
has  a  vast  market-place,  numerous  churches,  convents,  high 
Bohools,  hospitals,  and  a  theatre.  Szcgedin  has  many  soap- 
factories,  manufactures  of  woollens,  leather,  and  tobacco, 
boat-building  yards,  a  largo  export  trade  in  corn,  rape-seed, 
and  tallow,  and  imports  of  Tokay  wines,  timber,  and  manu- 
factured goods  from  Vienna,  Bohemia,  <tc.  In  1879  it  was 
nearly  destroyed  by  a  great  flood. 

Szeghalom,  sdg^ShMom',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
B^ki^s,  80  miles  S.E.  of  Pesth.     Pop.  6410. 

Szegvar,  sfigViln',  a  village  of  Hungary,  oo.  of  Cson- 
grad, 80  miles  S.E.'of  Pesth.     Pop.  5611. 

Szekely^  Transylvania.    See  Udtarhely. 

Szekely-Keresztar,  si^kJl'-kiVfisHooK',  a  town  of 
Transylvania,  on  the  Great  Kokol,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Schass- 
burg.     Pop.  7212. 

Szekler-Land,  a  subdivision  of  Transylvania,  named 
from  the  Szeklers,  a  race  near  kindred  to  the  Magyars. 

Sz6kszard,  or  Szegszard,  sSK^sSud',  a  town  of  Hun- 
gary, CO.  of  Tolna,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Fiinfkirchen,  noted  for 
its  good  wine.     Pop.  9786. 

Szemptz,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Wartbero. 

Szenicz,  si^nits',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  44  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Neutra.     Pop.  2710. 

Szenta,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Zenta. 

Szentes,  sfinHfish',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Csongrad, 
near  the  Theiss,  30  miles  N.  of  Szegedin.     Pop.  27,015. 

Szent  Gyorgy,  sSnt  d'yoRdj,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co. 
and  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Presburg,  at  the  foot  of  a  castle- 
crowned  height.  It  has  Roman  Catholic  churches,  a  Prot- 
estant church,  a  college,  and  sulphur  baths. 

Szent  GyOrgy,  a  village  of  Hungary,  in  Jazygia,  on 
the  Zagyva,  an  affluent  of  the  Theiss,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Jasz- 
Bereny.     Pop.  2740. 

Szent  JanoS)  a  village  of  Hungary.    See  Saint  John. 

Szent  Martony,  Hungary.^    See  Martonheoy. 

Szent  Mihaly,sdnt  mee^hll',  a  village  of  Hungary,  12 
miles  from  Tokay,  with  a  trade  in  agricultural  produce. 
Pop.  4785. 


Szent  Mihaly,  O,  S  sftnt  mce^hfil',  a  village  of  Ilmj. 
gary,  co.  of  Temes,  on  the  Bcga  Canal,  E.N.E.  of  Tcmesvar 
Pop.  2130. 

Szent  Miklog.     See  GYEnGv5-SzKNT-MiKi.os. 

Szent  I>Iiklo8,  sfint  mee'klosh',  a  village  of  Hungary 
CO.  of  Stuhlwcissonburg,  12  miles  from  Fiildvar. 

Szent  Miklos,  a  town  of  Hungary,  capital  of  Liptan, 
on  the  Waag,  34  miles  N.E.  of  Neusohl.  Pop.  2179.  It 
has  a  church,  a  synagogue,  breweries,  and  salt-rcflneriet. 

Szent  Aliklos  Bar,  sint  meo'klosh^  ban,  a  village  o( 
Hungary,  Hither  Danube,  co.  and  32  miles  N.  of  Presburg, 
on  the  Miava.     Pop.  2388. 

Szent  Miklos  Kun.    See  Kun-Szrnt-Miklos. 

Szent  Miklos,  Nagy,  nddj  sAnt  meo'klosh',  a  market- 
town  of  Hungary,  in  Thither  Danube,  co.  of  Torontal,  35 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Arad,  on  the  Maros.     It  contains  a  Uoman 
Catholic  and  a  Greek   non-united   parish   church  and  k  I 
practico-economical  industrial  school.     Pop.  9750. 

Szent  Miklos  Sziget,  sdnt  mee'klosh^  ^ig'it',  a  Til- 
lage of  Hungary,  4  miles  S.  of  Pesth,  on  an  island  formed 
by  the  left  arm  of  the  Danube.     Pop.  2187. 

Szent  Miklos  Tdrbkjsdnt  mee'kloshUiiVok',  atown 
of  Hungary,  co.  of  Heves,  58  miles  S.W.  of  Dcbroczin.  Pop. 
10,437. 

Szent  Peter,  sfint  pi'tSr,  a  market-town  of  Hungary, 
CO.  of  Borsod,  on  the  Sajo,  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Miskolct. 
Pop.  2730. 

Szeny,  a  town  of  Croatia.    See  Zengo. 

Szepsi,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Moldau. 

Szered,  sAV6d',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Presburg, 
on  the  Waag,  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Presburg  by  railway.  It 
has  a  castle  of  Prince  Esterhazy.     Pop.  3-134. 

Szeszuppe,  shd-shoop'pi,  a  river  of  Poland  and  Prm- 
sia,  joins  the  Niemen  6  miles  E.  of  llagnit,  after  a  N.W, 
course  of  140  miles.     Principal  affluent,  the  Schirwind, 

Szigeth,  see'ghit^  (sometimes  written  Ziget),  a  town 
of  Hungary,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Marmaros,  on  the  Theiss,  i 
90  miles  N.  of  Klausenburg.     Pop.  8833.    Near  it  are  wit- 
mines. 

Szigetvar,  see^ghSt'vfln',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Siimcgh,  21  miles  W.  of  Fiinfkirchen.     Pop.  4703. 

Szivacz,  see'vits^,  united  villages  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Bacs,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Zombor.     Pop.  6900. 

Szmygiel,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Schmiegkl. 

Szoboszio,  so^bos'slo\  a  town  of  Hungary,  in  tin 
Ilaiduck  district,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Debreczin.     P.  13,800. 

Szolna,  sol'n6h\  or  Zsolna  (Ger.  Sillein,  sil'line),  a 
town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  35  miles  N.E.  of  Trentsehin,  on 
the  Waag.     Pop.  2870. 

Szolnok,  sornok',  a  market-town  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Heves,  on  the  Theiss,  54  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pesth.     P.  15,847. 

Szolnok,  Inner  and  Middle,  two  counties  of  Tran- 
sylvania, watered  by  the  Szamos  and  its  affluents. 

Szombathely,  Hungary.    See  Stein-am-Anger. 

Szomolnok,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Schmolnitz. 

Szrem,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Schrimm. 

Szroda,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Schroda. 

Sztanicsics,  sti'nee'chitch',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co. 
of  Bacs,  11  miles  N.N.E.  of  Zombor.     Pop.  5731. 

Sztapar,  stoh'pA,R'  (?),  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Bacs,  8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Zombor.     Pop.  3100. 

Szubin,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Schubin. 

Szurul,  soo'rool',  the  highest  mountain  of  the  Lower 
Carpathians,  between  Transylvania  and  Wallaohia,  near 
the  Rothenthurm  Pass.     Height,  7547  feet. 

Szwabenicze,  Moravia.    See  Schwabenitz. 


T. 


Taas,  Taes,  or  Taez,  tlz  or  t&s,  a  town  of  Arabia, 
in  Yemen,  55  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mocha.  It  has  numerous 
mosques. 

Taasinge,  to'sing'gb^h,  written  also  Thorsenge, 
an  island  of  Denmark,  immediately  S.  of  Funen.  Area,  27 
square  miles.  Pop.  4360.  Surface  undulating  and  highly 
fertile.    On  its  W.  side  is  the  vill.age  of  Trbense. 

Tab,  tlb,  called  also  Zohreh  and  Zoreth  (anc.  Oroa'- 
tii  f  or  Aro'tit  f),  a  river  of  Persia,  separates  the  provinces 


of  Fars  and  Khoozistan,  and,  after  a  W.  course  of  150 
miles,  enters  the  Persian  Gulf  near  its  N.  extremity. 

Tabarca,  ti-ban'ki,  Nneva  Tabarca,  nwi'vi  ti- 
baR'kl,  or  Isia  Plana,  ees'ia  pU'ni,  a  small  island  m 
the  Mediterranean  Sea,  coast  of  Spain,  5  miles  S.  of  Ali- 
cante, lat.  38°  9'  N.,  Ion.  0°  30'  W.,  about  li  wiles  m 
length,  and  3  furlongs  in  breadth.     Pop.  500. 

Tabareeyeh,  or  Tabariyeh,  tib  i-ree'ya,  written 
also  Tabaria  (ano.  TiWria*),  a  town  of  Palestine,  it 


TAB 


2577 


TAB 


miles  E.S.E.  of  Acre,  on  the  W.  shore  of  the  Lake  of  Tibe- 

i  riaa.     It  is  seated  on  a  narrow  strip  of  undulating  land, 

I  between  the  lake  and  a    mountain-knot  connected  with 

i  Tabor,  and  it  is  enclosed  landward  by  a  strong  wall  flanked 

j  with  towers.     The  principal  edifice  is  a  castle  at  its  N.W. 

;|  extremity.     Near  it  are  some  hot  baths,  adjacent  to  which 

(  is  a  palace  erected  in  1833  by  Ibrahim  Pasha  during  the 

I  Egyptian  occupation  of  Syria.     See  Lake  of  Tabarekyeh. 

Tabas,  ti'bis*,  or  Tubbns,  tub^bus'  (anc.  Tabie),  a 

I  town  of  Persia,  province  and  155  miles  N.E.  of  Yezd.    Its 

I  interior  is  a  mass  of  ruinous  huts,  inhabited  by  100  families. 

j      Tabasco,  ti-Bls'ko,  or  Grijota,  gre-no't4,  a  river 

rf  Mexico,  states  of  Chiapa  and  Tabasco,  after  a  N.  course 

I  of  250  miles,  enters  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  lat.  18°  35'  N., 

!  Ion.  92°  37'  W.     Affluents,  the  Usumasinta,  Chilapa,  Chila- 

pilla,  and  Tabasquillo.     At  San  Juan  Bautista  its  arm  the 

Chiltcpec  proceeds  direct  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  it  is 

navigable  for  70  or  80  leagues  above  that  town. 

Tabasco,  a  state  of  Mexico,  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  E.  by  Campeachy,  S.  by  Chiapa,  S.W. 
by  Oajaca,  and  N.W.  by  Vera  Cruz.  It  extends  from  lat. 
17°  to  18°  40'  N.,  and  from  Ion.  91°  20'  to  94°  40'  AV. 
'  Length,  from  W,  to  E.,  measured  on  the  parallel  of  18°  N., 
about  200  miles;  mean  breadth,  about  60  miles.  Area, 
1 1,846  square  miles.  It  has  a  long  extent  of  coast-line,  con- 
taining among  other  remarkable  indentations  that  of  the 
large  Laguna  de  Tcrminoa  on  the  N.E.,  with  its  beautiful 
islands  of  Laguna,  Carmen,  and  Puerto- Ileal.  The  surface 
consists  almost  entirely  of  a  great  flat,  sloping  gradually  to 
the  sea,  but  in  many  parts  so  low  as  to  be  subject  to  inun- 
dations, which  often  isolate  its  villages  and  leave  no  means 
of  communication  except  by  canoes.  The  streams,  though 
I  numerous,  are  short  and  shallow,  and  generally  obstructed  at 
their  mouths  by  bars  and  flats.  The  more  important  are  the 
■Usumasinta  and  Tabasco,  which  converge  and  have  a  com- 
mon outlet;  the  Chiltcpec,  the  Santa  Ana,  remarkable  for 
the  size  of  its  estuary,  the  Tonala,  the  Uspanapan,  and  the 
■Quachapa  or  Paso,  forming  part  of  the  boundary  between 
Tabasco  and  Vera  Cruz.  The  climate  is  excessively  hot,  and 
very  unhealthy.  A  large  portion  of  the  state  is  still  cov- 
ered with  primeval  forests  of  oak,  cedar,  mahogany,  and 
ironwood,  with  occasional  spaces  in  which  indigo  and  vanilla 
are  found.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  The  products  com- 
prise maize,  excellent  sugar-cane  and  cacao,  timber,  and 
dyewoods  of  superior  quality ;  coffee  and  cotton  thrive. 
The  principal  exports  are  logwood  and  cacao.  The  streams 
abound  with  fish,  and  the  bees  of  the  forests  yield  large 
supplies  of  honey  and  wax.  The  inhabitants  are  chiefly 
Indians.  Principal  towns,  San  Juan  Bautista  and  Frontera. 
Pop.  (1882)  104,747. 

<  Tabasquillo,  t4-Bls-keel'yo  (the  "Little  Tabasco"), 
a  river  of  Mexico,  joins  the  Tabasco  from  the  W.,  8  miles 
S.W.  of  Frontera.     Its  banks  are  lined  with  fine  timber. 

Tabatinga,  ti-bi-tin'gi,  a  town  of  Brazil,  on  the  Pe- 
ruvian frontier,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Amazon,  near  lat. 
t°  35'  S.,  Ion.  70°  20'  W.,  with  a  fort,  government  build- 
ings, and  barracks. 

Taberg,  ti'bdRg,  a  mountain  of  Sweden,  10  miles 
3.S.W.  of  Jonkoping.     Height,  1129  feet. 

Ta'berg,  a  post-village  in  Annsville  township,  Oneida 
30.,  N.Y.,  on  Fish  Creek,  26  miles  W.N.W.  of  Utica,  2  miles 
iN.  of  Taberg  Station,  which  is  at  Blossville,  on  the  Rome, 
Watertown  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad.  It  has  2  or  3  churches, 
^  furnace,  a  cotton-mill,  and  other  mills. 

Tabernacle,  tab'§r-na-k?l,  apost-haraletof  Burlington 
30.,  N.J.,  in  Shamong  township,  about  35  miles  E.S.E.  of 
pamden,  and  10  miles  W.  by  N.  from  Shamong  Station  of 
he  New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad.  It  has  a  church. 
Tabernacle,  township,  Randolph  co.,  N.C.  P.  1296. 
Tabernacle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  oc,  S.C.,  9  miles 
of  Marion.     It  has  a  church. 

Tabernacle,  township,  Orangeburg  eo.,  S.C.  Pop.  355. 
j  Tabernacle,  a  hamlet  of  Tipton  co.,  Tenn.,  about  7 
juiles  S.E.  of  Covington.  It  has  2  churches. 
I  Tabernas,  ti-B^K'nis,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
jl5  miles  N.E.  of  Almeria.  It  has  coal-,  lead-,  and  iron- 
iiiines  in  its  vicinity.     Pop.  4549. 

;  Tabernas  de  Valldigna,  tl-BfiR'nis  di  val-deeg'- 
bi,  a  town  of  Spain,  22  miles  from  Valencia.  Pop.  6771. 
I  Ta'bertown,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.  Pop,  447. 
Ta'berville,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Clair  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Psage  River,  about  66  miles  S.S.W.  of  Sedalia.  It  has  a 
;rist-mill.     Pop.  160. 

!    Tablas,  ti'alis  (?),  one  of  the  Philippine  Islands,  30 
iiiles   S.E.  of  Mindoro.     Length,    30   miles;    breadth,    3 
(niles.     Lat.  12°  34'  N. ;  Ion.  122°  18'  E. 
Tablat,  t&'bl4.t  or  t&'blil',  called  also  Sanct  Fiden, 


e&nkt  fee'd^n,  a  village  and  parish  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  within  1  mile  of  St.  Gall. 

Table  (ta'b'l)  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantic,  on  the 
S.AV,  coast  of  Africa,  Cape  Colony,  Green  Point  being  in 
lat.  33°  53'  12"  S.,  Ion.  18°  24'  30"  E.  Breadth  of  en- 
trance, about  6  miles.  Cape  Town  is  on  its  S.  shore,  at  the 
back  of  which  is  the  conspicuous  Table  Mountain.  The 
bay  is  capable  of  sheltering  the  largest  fleet,  and,  except 
from  June  to  August,  always  affords  secure  anchorage.  It 
is  defended  by  several  forts,  and  has  a  light-house  near  its 
AV.  extremity. 

Table  Bluff,  a  post-toAvnship  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal 
Pop.  408. 

Table  Cape,  New  Zealand.    See  Cape  Table. 

Table  Grove,  Fulton  co..  111.    See  Laurel  Hill. 

Table  Mound,  township,  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa.   P.  1137. 

Table  Mountain,  Ireland,  co.  of  AVicklow,  between 
the  rivers  Avoca  and  Slaney.     Height,  2312  feet. 

Table  Alountain,  a  remarkable  mountain  of  South 
Africa,  Cape  Colony  and  district,  immediately  S.  of  Cape 
Town  and  Table  Bay.  Height,  3816  feet.  It  is  of  primitive 
formation,  owes  its  name  to  its  peculiar  shape  and  flattened 
summit,  and  is  often  seen  covered  with  a  white  cloud, 
named  the  "  Table-cloth." 

Table  Mountain,  Marin  co.,  California,  called  also 
Tamel  Pais  or  Tamal  Pais,  is  a  few  miles  N.W.  of  the 
Golden  Gate.     Its  altitude  is  about  2600  feet. 

Table  Mountain,  Tuolumne  co.,  California,  is  a  flat- 
topped  mountain  of  basalt  or  lava.  It  is  about  30  milea 
long  and  2000  feet  high,  and  has  perpendicular  sides. 

Table  Mountain,  South  Carolina,  is  a  natural  curi- 
osity and  place  of  resort  in  Pickens  co.  It  is  said  to  be 
4000  feet  high,  and  has  on  one  side  a  perpendicular  face 
nearly  1100  feet  high. 

Table  Mountain,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pickens  co.,  S.C, 
near  a  mountain  of  the  same  name,  10  miles  W.  of  Easley 
Station.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Table  Rock,  Sierra  co.,  Cal.     See  Howland  Flat. 

Table  Rock,  a  township  of  Siskiyou  co.,  Cal.  P.  327. 

Table  Rock,  a  post-office  of  El  Paso  co..  Col. 

Table  Rock,  a  post-village  of  Pawnee  co..  Neb.,  on 
the  Big  Nemaha  River  and  the  Atchison  <fc  Nebraska  Rail- 
road, 63  miles  S.E.  of  Lincoln,  and  6  or  7  miles  N.E.  of 
Pawnee  City.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  money-order 
post-offlcc. 

Table  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burke  co.,  N.C,  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Morganton. 

Table  Rock,  a  post-haralet  of  Adams  co..  Pa.,  6  miloo 
N.  of  Gettysburg.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  store. 

Table  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Raleigh  co.,  AV.  Va. 

Table  Rock,  a  station  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroa<?, 
70  miles  E.  of  Green  River  City,  Wyoming. 

Tabo,  tah'bo,  a  post-village  of  Lafayette  co..  Mo., 
about  18  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Lexington. 

Taboa,  ti-bo'&,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  on  tho 
Mondego,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Viseu.     Pop.  2571. 

Taboapo,  ti-bo-i'so,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  15 
miles  E.  of  Lamego.     Pop.  1282. 

Taboga,  ti-bo'gil,  an  islet  of  the  United  States  of 
Colombia,  in  the  Gulf  of  Panama,  10  miles  S.  of  Panama. 

Taboguilla,  ti-Bo-ghecl'yS.,  tin  island  of  tho  Bay  of 
Panama,  li  miles  N.E.  of  the  island  of  Taboga. 

Tabon,  ti-bon',  an  island  of  Chili,  off  the  N.E.  coast 
of  the  island  of  Chiloe,  about  lat.  42°  S.,  Ion.  73°  10'  W. 

Taboose,  ta-boos',  a  post-office  of  Inyoco.,  Cal. 

Tabor,  ti'bor  (Bohemian,  Chomow,  Ko'mov),  a  walled 
town  of  Bohemia,  capital  of  a  circle,  on  the  Luschnitz,  an 
affluent  of  the  Moldau,  49  miles  S.S.E.  of  Prague.  Pop. 
6717.  It  has  manufactures  of  coarse  woollens  and  paper- 
hangings.  It  was  founded  by  the  Hussites,  a  sect  of  whom 
derive  from  the  name  of  this  town  the  appellation  of  Ta« 
borists. 

Ta'bor,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co..  Col. 

Tabor,  a  post-office  of  Bon  Homme  co.,  Dakota. 

Tabor,  a  post-village  in  Ross  township,  Fremont  co., 
Iowa,  10  or  11  miles  N.  of  Sidney,  and  about  32  milea 
S.S.E.  of  Omaha,  Neb.  Here  is  Tabor  College  (Congrega- 
tional), organized  in  1866  and  open  to  both  sexes.  Tabor 
has  3  churches.     Pop.  310. 

Tabor,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Kansas,  45  miles 
N.N.AV.  of  Junction  City. 

Tabor,  a  hamlet  of  Saline  co..  Neb.,  5  milea  E.S.E.  of 
Friend. 

Tabor,  a  station  of  the  North  Pennsylvania  Railroad, 
5  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Tabor,  a  post-office  of  Racine  co.,  AVls. 

Tabor,  Mount,  Palestine.    See  Mount  Tabor. 


TAB 


2578 


TAF 


Tabreez,  or  Tabriz,  ti'brcez',  ^.itton  alHo  Tauris 
and  Tebriz  (ano.  (rVu'aca),  &  oity  o>  North  Persia,  cupi- 
t»l  of  the  province  of  Acorba\j»n,  in  a  plain,  on  »  river  fluw- 
inz  into  the  Lako  of  Ooroomeeyuh.  Likt.  38"  2'  N. ;  ion.  4G° 
\T  E.  Estimated  pop.  175,0U0.  It  is  beautifully  situated 
among  forests,  and  is  about  3^  miles  in  ciroumference,  en- 
elosud  by  a  brick  wall,  and  entered  by  7  gntes,  outside  of 
wbioh  are  large  suburbs  iind  iino  gardens,  said  to  occupy  30 
miles  in  circuit.  The  town  is  miserably  built,  and,  except 
its  citadel  and  the  fine  remains  of  a  mosque,  it  has  no  edi- 
fice worthy  of  notice ;  but  its  bazaars  and  caravansaries  are 
extensive,  and  it  it  an  important  ontropOt  of  tbo  trade  be- 
tween Persia,  India,  Russia,  Cunstiuilinoplo,  and  the  Illack 
Sea.     It  is  also  the  seat  of  some  manufactures  of  silk  stutTs. 

Tabria,  t&-breo'&,  a  town  of  West  Africa,  in  Nyff6,  80 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Katunga.     Pop.  about  18,000. 

Tabuniiitac,  tS.b^u-sin'tiik,  a  post-village  and  settle- 
ment in  Northumberland  CO.,  New  Brunswick,  on  the  Gulf 
of  St.  Lawrence,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Tabusintao  liivor,  35 
miles  from  Chatham.     Pop.  400. 

Tacaleeche,  tah'kii-lce'che,  a  post-office  of  Benton 
00.,  Miss. 

Tacaloa,  t&.-k&-Io'&,  a  village  of  the  United  States  of 
Colombia,  state  of  Magdalena,  at  the  junction  of  the  Cauoa 
and  Magdalena,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Mompox. 

Tacanics,  a  seaport  of  Ecuador.     See  Atagaues. 

Tacaiiova,  Fcejeo  Archipelago.    See  Paoo. 

Tacape,  or  Tacapa.    See  Cabes. 

Tacarigua,  Lake  of.    See  Lake  of  Valencia. 

Tacaronte,  t&-kfl-ron't&,  a  village  of  the  Canaries, 
in  TeneritTe,  3  miles  from  San  Cristoval  de  la  Laguna. 

Tacazze,  or  Takazze,  ti-kit'si,  written  also  Ta- 
katse,  Takatsy,  and  Tecazze*  a  river  of  Abyssinia, 
Btate  of  Tigrg,  rises  near  lat.  12°  N.,  Ion.  39°  30'  E.,  flows 
N.W.,  and  near  lat.  14°  40'  N.,  Ion.  36°  E.,  receives  the 
Atbara,  which  name  it  afterwards  assumes  to  its  junction 
with  the  Nile  at  Ed-Damer. 

Tachau,  ti'KSw,  written  also  TaschoAV  or  Ta- 
chow,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  33  miles  W.  of  Pilsen.  Pop. 
4111.  It  has  iron-forges,  and  the  oldest  glass-works  in 
Bohemia. 

Tachira,  ti-chee'ri,  a  state  of  Venezuela,  bounded  W. 
and  S.W.  by  the  United  States  of  Colombia.  Area,  4825 
square  miles.  It  is  mountainous,  produces  wheat,  coffee, 
and  cacao,  and  has  coal-beds  and  petroleum.  Capital,  San 
Cristoval.     Pop.  68,619. 

Taclagur,  tikMi-gfir',  a  town  of  Asia,  in  Nepaul, 
among  the  Himalayas,  about  110  miles  S.S.E.  of  Garoo. 
Lat.  30°  24'  N. ;  Ion.  81°  5'  E.  It  is  a  mart  for  wax,  borax, 
wool,  cloth,  gold,  tea,  ic. 

Tacloban,  ti-klo-bin',  a  town  of  the  Philippines,  on 
the  N.E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Leyte,  at  the  S.E.  entrance 
of  the  Straits  of  Sun  Juanico. 

Tacna,  tik'ni,  a  town  of  Chili,  capital  of  the  province 
of  Tacna,  on  the  river  of  the  same  name,  1700  feet  above 
the  ocean,  40  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Arica,  near  the  mouth  of 
the  river  in  the  Pacific.  Lat.  18°  0'  S. ;  Ion.  72°  10'  W. 
Pop.  12,650.     The  province  of  Tacna  has  a  pop.  of  29,631. 

Taco,  ti'ko,  or  Tah'co,  a  river  of  British  America, 
reaches  an  inlet  of  the  Pacific,  on  the  coast  of  Alasfka, 
opposite  Admiralty  Island.  Lat.  57°  54'  N. ;  Ion.  133°  37' 
W.     It  rises  in  a  large  lake  of  the  same  name. 

Tacoma,  ti-ko'mi,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Pierce  co., 
Washington,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Puget  Sound,  at  the  W. 
terminus  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  1941  miles  W. 
of  St.  Paul,  Minn.,  and  about  26  miles  N.E.  of  Olympia. 
Tacoma  has  26  churches,  4  national  and  3  private  banks,  a 
ladies'  seminary,  a  college,  a  Methodist  university,  an  opera- 
house,  fine  hotels,  3  daily  and  10  weekly  newspapers,  nnd 
manufactures  of  lumber,  flour,  iron,  wood,  and  other  [)rod- 
ucts.  According  to  the  census  of  1890,  the  capital  employed 
in  these  industries  was  more  than  $5,000,000.  Tacoma, 
being  at  the  head  of  navigation  on  Puget  Sound,  has  every 
facility  for  its  large  shipments  of  lumber,  coal,  and  wheat. 
The  city  has  about  15  saw-mills,  and  many  planing-mills, 
shingle-mills,  flour-mills,  cracker-factories,  <tc.  The  total 
value  of  its  industrial  product,  as  reported  in  the  census  of 
1890,  was  $4,063,605.     Pop.  in  1880, 1098;  in  1890,  36,006. 

Ta^con'ic,  or  Ta^ghan'ic,  a  mountain-ridge  in  Berk- 
shire CO.,  Mass.,  and  Bennington  co.,  Vt.  Some  writers 
treat  it  as  a  branch  or  continuation  of  the  Green  Moun- 
tains. It  extends  in  a  nearly  N.  and  S.  direction,  and  is 
formed  partly  of  slate  and  limestone.  Its  highest  peaks  are 
Equinox  Mountain,  in  Vermont  (3872  feet),  and  Greylock, 
in  Massachusetts,  3505  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Tacony,  t§,-ko'ne,  a  post-office  of  Philadelphia  co.,  Pa., 
is  a  branch  of  the  Philadelphia  post-office.     It  is  on  the 


Delaware  River,  at  Tacony  Station  of  the  Philadelphin  .• 
Trenton  Railroad,  1 1  miles  from  Wo5t  Philadelphia,  •n< 
about  8  miles  N.E.  of  Independence  Hall. 

Tacony  Creek,  or  FrankTord  Creek,  Penniyl 
vania,  rises  in  Montgomery  co.,  runs  southwiird  throusk 
Philmlelphia  co.,  and  enters  the  Delaware  River  about  I 
mile  below  Frankfurd. 

Tacora,  t.\-ko'r&,  a  mountain  of  Bolivia,  departmenl 
of  La  Paz,  in  the  West  Cordillera  of  the  Andes,  near  lnt 
17°  10'  S.,  Ion.  70°  W.,  and  rising  18,890  feet  above  tlu 
ocean.  The  village  of  Tacora,  13,690  feet  in  elevation,  ii 
at  the  S.W.  bane  of  Mount  Chipioani. 

Tacorontc,  a  village  of  Teneriffe.    See  TACAnoHn.  ' 

Tacnba,  t&-koo'B&,  a  town  of  Mexico,  about  5  mll« 
N.E.  of  the  city  of  Mexico.     Pop.  2500. 

Tacubaya,  t&-koo-Bi'&,  a  small  town  of  Mexico, 
about  6  miles  S.E.  of  the  city  of  Mexico. 

Taciinga,  ti-koong'gi,  or  La  Tacunga,  Ii  ti. 
koong'gi,  a  town  of  Ecuador,  between  the  curdilloruof 
the  Andes,  65  miles  S.  of  Quito.      Pop.  15,0110. 

Tacu'sah,  a  township  of  Christian  co..  III.    P.  1182. 

Tacntu,  t&-koo-too',  a  river  in  South  America,  rises  in 
the  N.E.  of  Brazilian  Guiana,  flows  first  N.,  then  S.W.,  nnd 
joins  the  Rio  Branco  at  Fort  SSo  Joachim.  Length,  150 
miles. 

Tad'caster  (anc.  Calariat),  a  town  of  England,  eo. 
and  ainsty  of  York,  on  the  Wharfe,  and  on  a  railway,  i 
miles  S.  of  York.  It  has  a  church,  several  chapels,  a 
grammar-school,  and  an  almshouse.     Pop.  2443. 

Tadjiks,  a  people  of  Asia.    See  Taujiks. 

Tadjurah,  a  seaport  of  Africa.    See  Tajoohah. 

Tadmor,  a  ruined  city  of  Syria.     See  PAi.MvnA. 

Tad'mor,  or  Tad'mer,  a  post-otfice  and  station  of 
Montgomery  co.,  0.,  on  the  Miami  River  and  the  Dayton' 
&  Michigan  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Dayton.  It  hu  2 
warehouses  for  grain. 

Tadousac,  ti-doo-silk',  a  post-village  and  watering- 
place  of  Quebec,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Saguenay,  situated  at 
the  E.  entrance  of  the  Saguenay  River,  5  miles  above  iti 
confluence  with  the  St.  Lawrence,  25  miles  from  Rivicro 
du  Loup,  and  130  miles  from  Quebec.  It  has  a  goud  hotel 
and  a  number  of  handsome  villas,  and  is  much  frequented ' 
by  tourists  and  health-seekers  during  the  summer  moDthi.  | 
It  was  at  an  early  period  the  capital  of  the  French  settle-^ 
ments,  and  for  a  long  time  was  one  of  the  chief  fur-trading- 1 
posts.  Tadousac  contains  several  grist-  and  saw-mills,  and  i 
has  a  large  lumber-trade.  Salmon  and  other  fish  are  plcn-  j 
tiful  in  the  waters  here.     Pop.  765. 

Tadvan,  tid-vin',  a  village  of  Turkish  Armenia,  on  j 
the  W.  side  of  Lako  Van,  an  inlet  of  which  is  called  the ' 
Bay  of  Tadvan. 

Tae-Chow-Foo,  China.    See  Tai-Chow-Foo. 

Tae-Shan,  or  Tai-Chan,  China.    See  Tai-Sha."«. 

Taez,  or  Taes,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  Taas.  i 

Taf,  or  Tatf,  a  river  of  Wales,  co.  of  Glamorgan,  rises 
in  the  mountains  of  Brecon  by  two  branches  which  unite  ; 
near  Merthyr-Tydvil,  and  flows  S.E.  to  the  estuary  of  the 
Severn,  which  it  enters  a  little  S.W.  of  Cardifi'.  Length, 
40  miles.  The  TalTvale  Railway  accompanies  it  through- 
out the  CO.  of  Glamorgan. 

Tafalla,  ti-fil'yi  (anc  Tnhalia  ?),  a  town  of  Spain, 
in  Navarre,  22  miles  S.  of  Pamplona.  It  has  a  ruined 
palace  of  the  kings  of  Navarre.     Pop.  5213. 

Tafelneh,  ti-fSl'n^h,  written  also  Tafelane  and  Te- 
felneh,  a  fortified  maritime  town  of  Morocco,  30  miles  S. 
of  Mogadore.     Pop.  3000. 

Tatf,  a  river  of  Wales.    See  Tap. 

Tatfoeri,  tif-foo'ree  (?),  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago, between  Celebes  and  Gilolo.    Lat.  1°  N.;  Ion.  126"  i 
10'  E. 

Taiilet,  ti-fo-l«t',  or  Tafilelt,  ti-fe-151t',  written  also 
Tafillelt,  t4-fe-ISlt',  one  of  the  great  subdivisions  of 
the  empire  of  Morocco,  E.  of  Mount  Atlas.  Soil  very  fer- 
tile. It  is  used  as  a  place  of  banishment  for  jjolitical 
offenders.  The  town  of  Tafilet  is  near  lat.  31°  45'  N.,  ton. 
4°  3'  W.,  and  near  here  is  the  village  of  Ressant,  where 
the  governor  of  the  province  residet". 

Taft,  lift,  a  town  of  Persia,  province  and  55  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Yezd.  Pop.  6000,  who  manufacture  carpoU 
which  have  a  high  repute. 

TaPtOli,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co..  Pa.,  3  miles  S.of 
Ilawley,  nnd  about  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Scranton. 

Tafts'ville,  a  post-village  in  Woodstock  township, 
Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Quechee  River  and  the  Woodstock 
Railroad,  3  miles  E.  of  Woodstock,  and  about  28  miles  E.  of 
Rutland.     It  has  manufactures  of  axes,  scythes,  Ac. 

Taft'ville,  a  post-village  in  Norwich  township,  Sew 


TAF 


2579 


TAI 


London  co.,  Conn.,  on  the  Shotucket  River,  4  miles  N.N.E. 
hf  Norwich. 


bf 

5    Tat'yie,  ti-fe-li',  a  village  of  Arabia  Petrsea,  30  miles 

k.E.  of  the  Dead  Sea. 

r  Tngai,  ti-ghi'  (or  Souvarov,  soo-vi-rov')  Isles  are 

In  the  Pacific  Ocean,  lat.  1 1°  5'  N.,  Ion.  169°  4(1'  E. 

j    Tagal,  td-nir,  or  Tcgal,  t^h-Hil',  a  Dutch  residency 

bf  the  island  of  Java.     Pop.  891,509.     It  has  iron-forges, 

knd  1900  of  its  population  arc  employed  in  fishing. 

r  Tagal,  a  small  town  and  sea])ort  of  the  island  of  Java, 

lapital  of  a  province  of  the  samo  name,  168  miles  E.  by  S. 

hf  Jiatavia.     Lat.  6°  56'  S. ;  Ion.  109°  12'  E.     Pop.  7000, 

Taganrog,  ti-gin-rog',  or  Taganroch,  tlgin- 
f5u',  a  seaport  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Yekaterino- 
|lav,  on  the  N.  shore  of  the  Sea  of  Azof,  65  miles  W.S.W. 
if  Novo-Cherkask,  opposite  the  mouth  of  the  Don.  Lat. 
JT"  12'  N. ;  Ion.  88°  57'  E.  Pop.  48,186.  Its  port,  founded 
by  Peter  the  Great,  is  shallow  ;  but  the  town  is  the  termi- 
jius  of  two  lines  of  railway  and  has  an  active  commerce. 
[  Tag'gart's,  a  station  in  Morgan  eo.,  Ind.,  on  the  Fair- 
jand,  Franklin  &  Martinsville  Ilailroad,  3  miles  S.  of  Mar- 
insville. 

Taggia,  tid'ji,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Porto 
*Iaurizio,  4  miles  N.N.E.  of  San  llcmo.  ft  is  an  ancient 
iilace.  Taggia  suffered  much  by  an  earthquake  in  1831. 
Pop.  3074. 

I  Taghanic,  Massachusetts.  See  Tacomc. 
I  Taghanuck  Falls,  N.Y.  See  Taugiiannock  Falls. 
i  Taghkanick,  or  'raghanic,  tok'hon-ik,  a  post- 
iiamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  M.Y.,  in  a  township  of  its  own 
Ume,  about  11  miles  S.E.  of  Hudson.  It  has  a  church, 
'op.  of  the  township,  1401. 

Taghmon,  tih'm^n.  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  7i 
liles  W.S.W.  of  Wexford.     Pop.  251. 

Tagil,  t4-ghil',  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  on  the  E.  slope 
f  the  Ural  Mountains,  36  miles  N.N.W.  of  Yekaterin- 

Eorg,  flows  first  N.,  then  E.N.E.,  and,  after  a  very  wind- 
g  course  of  nearly  200  miles,  joins  the  Toora  on  the  right. 
t  Tagkhannuck  Mountains.     See  Taconic. 
j  Tagliacozzo,  tS.l-yS.-kot'so,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 

fAquila,  on  the  Ismele,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Aquila.    Pop. 
27.     Near  it,  in  1268,  Charles  of  Anjou  defeated  Conra- 
n  and  put  an   end  to   the  rule  of  the   Ilohenstauffen 
tynasty  in  Italy. 

i  Tagliamento,  tll-yi-mfin'to  (anc.  TUavemp'tns),  a 
^ver  of  Italy,  rises  in  the  Alps,  and,  after  an  E.  and  S. 
)urse  of  100  miles  past  Latisana,  where  it  becomes  navi- 
able,  enters  the  Adriatic  Sea  at  Porto  Tagliamento,  near 
s  N.  extremity. 
Tagodast,  tl-go-dJst',  a  town  of  Morocco,  on  the  W. 

■  Mount  Atlas,  98  miles  N.E.  of  Morocco.     Pop.  7000. 
Tagolanda,  tl-go-ldn'di,  a  small  island  of  the  Malay 

:rchipelago,  about  50  miles  from  the  N.E.  extremity  of 
elebcs.  Lat.  2°  23'  N.;  Ion.  125°  36'  E. 
Tagomago,  ti-go-mi'go,  an  islet  of  the  Balearic 
roup,  in  the  Mediterranean,  E.  of  the  island  of  Ivija. 
;  Ta'gus,  called  also  Tayo,  ti'o  or  ti'yo  (Sp.  Tajo,  ti'- 
;o ;  Port.  Tejo,  ti'zho;  anc.  Ta'gus),  a  principal  river  of 
)ie  Iberian  peninsula,  through  the  centre  of  which  it  flows 
;om  E.  to  W.,  between  the  basins  of  the  Ebro  and  Douro 
(1  the  N.  and  the  Guadiana  on  the  S.  It  rises  on  the 
brders  of  Aragon  and  New  Castile,  in  lat.  40°  38'  N.,  Ion. 
'"  35'  W.,  and  flows  W.S.W.  in  Spain,  through  New  Castile 
•kI  Estremadura,  and  in  Portugal  between  the  province 

■  Bcira  and  Alemtejo,  and  through  Estremadura,  to  the  At- 
ntic,  which  it  enters  at  Belera,  2  miles  below  Lisbon.  Total 
;timated  length,  540  miles.  Chief  affluents,  the  Jarama, 
Iborche,  Alagon,  and  Zezere,  from  the  N.,  and  the  Rio  del 
[onte  and  Salor,  from  the  S.  It  has  steep  banks,  an  im- 
=3tuous  current,  and  flows  mostly  through  an  arid  country. 
uS  uses  for  commerce  are  at  present  much  restricted,  it 
oing  navigable  only  to  Abrantes,  though  attempts  have 
pen  made  to  extend  the  navigation  to  Toledo. 

j  Tahal,  ti-il',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  province 
,3d  N.N.E.  of  Almeria.     Pop.  1129. 

*  Tahate,  tl-hl'ti,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  Yemen,  and  in 
beautiful  valley,  9  miles  from  Zebeed. 

•  Tahawus,  ta-haw'us,  a  post-oflico  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y'., 
ear  the  S.  end  of  Lake  Sanford,  about  33  miles  W.  by  S. 

Port  Henry.  Here  are  some  iron-works.  See  also  Mount 
Iarct. 

Tahco,  British  America.  See  Taco. 
.  Tahiti,  ti-hee'tce,  formerly  written  Otaheite,  abcau- 
ful  island  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  being  the  principal  of  the 
Jciety  Islands.  Lat.  17°  29'  S. ;  Ion.  149°  29'  W.  It  is 
oout  32  miles  long  from  N.W.  to  S.E.,  and  is  an  elongated 
.age  of  highland,  which,  being  interrupted  in  one  part, 


forms  an  isthmus  about  3  miles  broad,  connecting  the  two 
peninsulas, — the  larger,  Tahiti  proper,  and  the  smaller 
named  Tairaboo.  The  land  rises  to  a  very  considerable 
height  on  both  extremities  of  the  island,  the  highest  sum- 
mit being  8500  feet  above  sea-level.  The  fertile  portion  of 
Tahiti  lies  in  the  valleys.  These  produce  tropical  plants  in 
great  abundance  and  luxuriance,  such  as  the  bread-fruit, 
vi-apple,  orange,  and  cocoa-nut  trees.  The  cottages  of  the 
inhabitants  are  of  an  oval  form,  usually  about  60  or  60  feet 
long  and  20  feet  broad,  the  walls  formed  of  bamboos,  the 
floor  of  natural  earth.  The  natives  are  a  good-humored, 
gay,  and  cheerful  people,  and  are  honest  and  obliging. 
'They  have  been  converted  to  Christianity  by  the  labors  of 
missionaries,  and  there  are  now  few  of  them  who  cannot 
both  read  and  write.  The  island  forms  part  of  a  native 
sovereignty  under  French  control.  Capital,  Papoiti.  Chief 
exports,  cotton,  sugar,  cocoa-nut  oil,  and  arrowroot.  Tahiti 
was  discovered  in  1606  by  the  Spaniard  Quiros,  and  after- 
wards visited  by  Wallis,  Bougainville,  and  Cook.  Pop.  9070. 
Adj.  and  inhab.  Tahitian,  td-hee'te-an. 

Tahlcquah,  tah-le-kwah',  or  TaPeqnah',  a  post- 
town,  capital  of  the  Cherokee  Nation,  Indian  'Territory,  is  1 
mile  from  the  Illinois  River,  25  miles  E.  of  Muscogee  Station, 
and  about  50  miles  N.W.  of  Fort  Smith,  Ark.  It  contains 
the  national  treasury,  2  churches,  male  and  female  colleges, 
and  a  newspaper  office.  It  is  surrounded  by  fertile  prairies, 
on  which  many  cattle  are  pastured. 

Tahoe,  ti-hO',  a  lake  of  California,  at  the  E.  base  of 
the  Sierra  Nevada,  about  10  miles  S.  of  _the  Pacific  Railroad.  _  ^ 
It  forms' part  of  the  boundary  between  Placer  co.,  Cal.,  and 
Douglas  and  Ormsby  cos.  of  Nevada,  and  is  about  20  miles 
long  and  12  miles  wide.  The  surface  is  said  to  bo  6250 
feet  higher  than  the  sea.  This  lake  is  environed  by  scenery 
of  exquisite  beauty,  and  h.as  great  attractions  as  a  summer 
resort.  Steamboats  ply  on  it  in  summer.  The  outlet  of 
this  lake  is  the  Truckee  River. 

K,  Tahoe,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of  Placer  oo.,  \/ 
Cal.,  on  Lake  Tahoe,  15  miles  S.  of  Truckee.  It  has  2  fine  ^^ 
hotels.     Five  steamboats  navigate  the  lake. 


Tahquamenaw,  Michigan.    See  Tequamenon. 

Tahta,  or  Tahtah,  ti'td,  a  town  of  Central  Egypt, 
province  and  25  miles  S.S.E.  of  Sioot,  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Nile.  It  has  several  mosques,  a  government  jirimary 
school,  and  many  large  mounds,  supposed  to  indicate  the 
site  of  the  ancient  Hesnpla. 

Tahuacano  (tah-wa-kah'no)  Creek,  of  Freestone 
CO.,  Tex.,  flows  into  the  Trinity  River  from  the  W. 

'Tahuata,  td-wd'tA,  or  Santa  Christina,  sin'ti 
kris-tce'nd,  one  of  the  Marquesas  Islands,  in  the  Pacitio 
Ocean,  S.  of  Dominica.  Pop.  301.  Coast  abrupt,  and  soil 
very  fertile. 

'Tahura,  Hawaii  Islands.    See  TAHOOitA. 

Tahuroa,  Hawaii  Islands.     See  Kahoolawb. 

Tai,  tl,  the  name  of  several  towns  of  China. 

Taiabana,  ti-d-bi'nd,  a  village  and  parish  of  Brazil, 
province  and  50  miles  W.  of  Parahiba,  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Parahiba.     Pop.  1400. 

Tai-Choo,or  Tai-Tchou,  trchoo',  a  cityof  China, 
province  of  Che-Kiang,  75  miles  S.W.  of  Ning-Po. 

Tai-Chow-Foo,  or  Tae-Chow-Foo,  tPchSw^- 
foo',  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Che-Kiang,  on  a  river  of 
the  same  name.     Lat.  28°  42'  N.;  Ion.  121°  26'  E. 

Tails  Creek,  a  post-oflice  of  Gilmer  co.,  Ga. 

Taimour  or  Taimur,  Cape.  See  Cape  Taimook. 
The  peninsula  of  which  this  cape  is  the  terminus  has  re- 
ceived the  name  of  Taimyr. 

Tain,  tAn,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ross,  at  the  month' 
of  the  Tain,  on  the  S.  si<lo  of  the  Firth  of  Dornoch,  30 
miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Inverness.  Pop.  2287.  It  has  an 
old  church,  an  ancient  tower,  a  court-house,  a  grammar- 
school,  a  public  reading-room,  various  mills,  an  iron-foun- 
dry, a  brewery,  and  a  considerable  retail  trade.  It  con- 
tributes in  sending  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Tain,  tiVx",  a  town  of  France,  in  Lrflme,  on  the  Rhone, 
opposite  Tournon,  and  on  the  railway  from  Lyons  to  Avi- 
gnon. Pop.  2381.  Near  it  excellent  Hermitage  wine  is  pro- 
duced. 

Taint'er,  a  township  of  Dunn  co..  Wis.     Pop.  663. 

Taintigncs,  tiNo'teeii',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Ilai- 
naut,  3  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Tournay.     Pop.  2172. 

Tai-Ouan,  an  island  of  China.     See  Formosa. 

Tai-Pe-Shan,  or  Tai-Pe-Chan,  ti*p4'shin',  the 
name  of  several  mountains  of  China,  in  the  N.  provinces. 


TAI 


2580 


TAL 


Tai>Ping,  tPping',  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Ngan- 
Hooi.  on  tite  Vung-Uo-Kiang,  30  luiloe  8.W.  of  Nanking. 

Tai'Fini;,  a  city  of  Ciiina,  province  of  Quang-See. 
Lat.  22°  25'  12"  N.  j  Ion.  107°  E.  There  are  other  cities 
of  the  same  name  in  the  provinoes  of  Se-Chuen  and  Shan- 
Bee. 

Tai>Ping-Shan.    See  TypiNSAV. 

Tairo,  or  Taiara.    See  Kino's  IshAND. 

Tai«8haii,  Tac-Shan,  or  Tai-Chan,  trsh&n',  an 
iiland  of  Chimv,  in  the  Chusan  Arohi|johvgo.  The  centre  is 
a  densely-peopled  ]>)ain,  with  many  villages. 

Tai>Tiug,  tPting',  a  city  of  China,  capital  of  a  depart- 
ment, in  Koei-Choo,  80  miles  W.N.W.  of  Koei-Yang. 

Tai-Tchou,  a  city  of  China.     See  Tai-Choo. 

fai-Tong,  tl'tong',  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Shan- 
Sco,  capital  of  the  department,  near  the  Great  Wall,  175 
miles  W.  of  Poking. 

Taits'ville,  a  post-haralct  of  Ray  co.,  Mo.,  18  miles 
N.  of  llichmond.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  wagon-shop, 

Tai-Wan,  an  island  of  China.     See  FoiimosA. 

Tai-Wan-  (or  Tai-Ouan-)  Foo,  ti'w4n*foo',  a 
ircaty-port,  the  capital  town  of  Formosa,  in  the  China  Soa, 
on  its  \V.  coa.st,  capital  of  a  department,  province  of  Fo- 
Kicn.  Lat.  23°  S'  N. ;  Ion.  120''  22'  E.  It  has  2  famous 
temples,  and  was  formerly  the  seat  of  a  Dutch  factory,  but 
its  harbor  is  now  choked  with  sand  and  only  fit  fur  vessels 
of  light  draught.  It  has  a  considerable  e.\port  trade.  Pop. 
40,000.    See  Ampinq. 

Tai-Yuan,  tPyoo-in',  written  also  Tai-Yuen  or 
Tay-Yucn,  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Shan-8ee,  on 
the  Fuen-IIo,  an  afiSuent  of  the  lloang-llo,  250  miles  S.W. 
of  Peking.  It  is  fortified  and  populous,  and  has  a  de- 
cayed palace  which  was  inhabited  by  the  sovereigns  of  the 
last  dynasty ;  also  manufactures  of  fine  porcelain,  iron- 
wares, and  carpets.  On  a  neighboring  height  is  a  cemetery 
of  its  princes. 

Tajamuico,  or  Taxamuico,  ti-iii-moorko,  a  town 
of  Guatemala,  160  miles  N.W.  of  Quezaltenango,  at  the 
foot  of  the  volcano  of  Tajamuico.     Pop.  2000. 

Tajardi,  ti-jaR'dce,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Roumelia,  on  a  river,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lagos. 

Tajo,  a  river  of  Spain.     See  Tagus. 

Tajoorah,  or  Taj  urrah,  ti-joo'ri,  written  also  Tad- 
jiirali,  a  seaport  town  of  Northeast  Africa  (see  Adal),  on 
the  Gulf  of  Aden,  N.W.  of  Zeyla.  Lat.  11°  66'  .35"  N. ; 
Ion.  43°  0'  20"  E.  Pop.  from  1200  to  1500.  It  consists  of 
about  300  wooden  huts,  with  2  mosques,  and  it  has  an  an- 
chorage adapted  for  large  ships,  but  insecure. 

Tajnfta,  ti-Hoon'yi,  a  river  of  Spain,  rises  in  the 
province  of  Guadalajara,  flows  about  94  miles,  and  dis- 
charges its  waters  into  the  Jarama  about  7  milea  N.  by  E. 
of  Aranjuez. 

Tak,  or  Tnk,  a  town  of  India,  district  and  35  miles 
N.W.  of  Dera  Ismaeel  Khan.  Lat.  32°  14'  N. ;  Ion.  70° 
60'  E.     It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  is  famous  for  its  fruits. 

Tak,  tik,  a  town  of  Chinese  Toorkistan,  140  miles  S.E. 
of  K  hot  en. 

Taka,  ti'k&,  two  towns  of  Japan,  island  of  Shikoku. 

Takatz,  Takatze^  or  Takazze.    See  Taca-ize. 

Takhonia,  Washington.     See  Mount  Rainiku. 

Takhtapool,  tik-ti-pool',  a  fortified  town  of  Afghan- 
istan, capital  of  the  province  of  Balkb,  8  miles  E,  of  the 
city  of  Balkh. 

Takliti  Jemshid.    See  PKnsEroLis. 

Takhti  Suleiman.    See  Tukhti  Suleiman. 

Takhwara,  t&k-w&'r&,  a  town  of  India,  district  of 
Dera  Ismaeel  Khan.     Pop.  6800. 

Ta«Kiang,  t&^ko-ing',  a  river  of  China,  in  the  island 
of  llai-Nan,  enters  the  sea  on  its  N.  coast. 

Ta-Kiang,  a  river  of  Southern  China.  See  Hoxo- 
Kiano,  and  Cantos  River. 

Ta-Kiang,  China.     See  Yano-tse-Kiang. 

Ta-Kien-Leon,  ta,^ke-fin'-lA.^on',  a  town  of  China, 
province  of  Se-Chuen,  on  the  Toong-Po-Ho,  150  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Ching-Too-Foo. 

Takinos  (ti'ke-nos')  Lake  (ane.  Cercinc  ?),  a  lake  of 
European  Turkey,  in  Macedonia,  5  miles  S.  of  Sores,  and 
N.  of^  the  Gulf  of  Orphano.  Length,  15  miles.  It  receives 
the  river  Anghissa,  and  is  traversed  throughout  by  the 
Kara-Soo.    On  its  W.  side  is  the  village  of  Takinos. 

TakoAV,  ti-k3w',  a  treaty-port  of  China,  on  the  W. 
coast  of  the  island  of  Formosa.     Lat.  22°  37'  N. 

Takutu,  t&-koo-too',  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  near  lat. 
1'  30'  N.,  flows  N.,  then  S.W.,  and  joins  the  Rio  Branco  at 
Fort  S5o  Joachim,  in  lat.  3°  1'  46"  N.  Length,  170  miles. 
Ibe  chief  afiluents  are  the  Mahu  and  Zuruma. 

Talt  t&l,  a  river  in  the  N.  part  of  Afghanistan,  rises  in 


lat.  36°  14'  N.,  Ion.  73°  6'  E.,  flows  S.W.,  and,  after  a  oonn 
of  120  miles,  joins  the  Lundye. 

Talaban,  t&-l&-B&n',  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Estremt 
dura,  province  and  22  miles  N.E.  of  Cacerea.     Pop.  1684. 

Talacrc,  tar&'k^r,  a  small  port  of  Wales,  eo.  of  Flint 
on  the  Bee  estuary,  within  IJ  miles  of  Point  of  Ayr.  j 
harbor  and  quay  have  been  erected  here  for  the  export  o 
coal  and  sandstone. 

Talak,  tiMik',  a  village  of  British  India,  province  «D' 
68  miles  S.E.  of  Aracan.     Liit.  20°  N.;  Ion.  9:i°  ;i3'  E. 

Talanian  (ti-14-m4n')  Bay,  an  inlet  on  the  S.W 
coast  of  Asia  Minor,  N.W.  of  the  Gulf  of  Makrcc.  It  re 
ceives  the  Talaman  River  (anc.  Indutf),  and  on  ita  shore 
are  extensive  mediaeval  remains. 

Talaiuoua,  til-l&-mo'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  provinc 
of  Sondrio,  2  miles  E.  of  Morbegno,  on  the  Adda.   P.  224f 

Talanda,  t&-liln'd&,  a  mountain  of  Greece,  in  Uoeotiiii 
4  miles  N.  of  Lake  Topolias.  Height,  3547  feet.  It  is  nls' 
called  Mount  Kiilomo.  I 

Talanda,  a  village  of  Greece,  in  Boeotia,  7  milea  n! 
of  Mount  Talanda.     Near  it  are  the  ruins  of  Opni.  I 

Talanda  (or  Talanti),  Channel  of.  SccEuripu!} 

Talanda,  Gulf  of,  an  inlet  on  the  S.  side  of  tli<i 
above  channel,  11  miles  in  breadth  at  its  entrance.  It  con 
tains  the  island  of  Talanda. 

Talarrubias,  or  Tallarrubias,  t&-laR-Roo'Be-li 
a  town  of  Spain,  85  miles  E.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  2817. 

Talavera  de  la  lleyna,ta.-li-vA'ril  dd  li  rA-ee'nl,: 
city  of  Spain,  province  and  37  miles  W.N.W.  of  Toledo,  oi 
the  Tagus.  Pop.  9285.  Its  buildings  are  interspersed  will 
many  Moorish  towers.  It  has  numerous  churches,  conventf 
hospitals,  schools  of  Latin  and  philosophy,  manufacture 
of  silks,  earthenwares,  leather,  and  soap,  and  2  large  annua 
fairs.  Here,  on  the  27th  and  28th  of  July,  1809,  the  Eng 
lish  and  Spanish  troops,  under  the  Duke  of  Wellington 
totally  defeated  the  French. 

Talavera  la  Real,  ti-li-vi'rll  Id  ri-il',  a  town  ol 
Spain,  9  miles  E.  of  Badajos,  on  the  Guadiana.  Pop.  2720< 
who  manufacture  silks  and  leather. 

Talavera  la  Vieja,  ti-li-vd'ri  18,  ve-i'nl,  a  town  ol 
Spain,  72  miles  W.S.W.  of  Toledo,  on  the  Tagus.  ' 

Tal'bert's,  a  township  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C.    P.  11171 

Talbot,  tawl'b^t,  an  island  of  Nassau  co.,  Fla.,  off  thi 
N.E.  coast,  between  the  mouth  of  the  St.  John's  and  Nassai' 
Sound,  which  separates  it  from  Amelia  Island.  It  isabon 
9  miles  long  by  2  miles  broad,  and  produces  cotton.  | 

Talbot,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Georgia,  has  aij 
area  of  about  350  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E  I 
by  Flint  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  Upatoi  Creek.  Thi 
surface  is  hilly  and  extensively  covered  with  forests.  Thi! 
soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  an 
the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  South 
western  Railroad.  Capital,  Talbotton.  Valuation  of  rea| 
and  personal  estate,  $1,830,101.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,913,  of| 
whom  11,898  were  Americans;  in  IS&U,  14,ilo. 

Talbot,  a  county  of  Maryland,  is  a  part  of  the  sectior; 
called  the  Eastern  Shore.  Area,  about  250  square  miles 
It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Tuckahoe  Creek  and  Choptanii 
River,  on  the  S.  by  the  Choptank,  and  on  thoW.  by  Chcfa- 
peake  Bay.  The  coast  is  deeply  indented  by  several  navi- 
gable inlets.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  partly  coverci 
with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Maize,  wheat,  pork,  am 
grass  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersectec 
by  the  Maryland  <fc  Delaware  Rjiilroad.  Capital,  Easton 
Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $10,705,297.  Pop 
in  1870,  16,137;  in  1880,  19,065. 

Talbot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benton  co.,  Ind.,  in  Granl 
township,  on  the  Lafayette,  Muncie  A  Bloomington  Rail 
road,  31  i  miles  W.  of  Lafayette.     It  has  a  church.  1 

Talbot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Tenn.,  on  thf' 
East  Tennessee,  Virginia  k  Georgia  Railroad,  33  milcf 
E.N.E.  of  Knosville.     It  has  a  church. 

Talbott,  a  station  in  Howard  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri, 
Kansas  <t  Texas  Railroad,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Fayette.  i 

Talbotton,  tawl'bgt-ton^  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Talbot  CO.,  Ga.,  about  36  miles  E.N.E.  of  Columbus,  Iv 
contains  a  court-house,  the  Collinsworth  Institute  for  boy? 
a  female  college,  a  newspaper  ofiice,  5  churches,  a  steaii 
grist-mill,  and  a  cotton-gin.     Pop.  in  1880,  1008. 

Talbott's,  a  post-office  of  Barbour  co.,  W.  Va. 

Talbotville  (tawl'bst-vll)  Royal,  a  post-village  in 
Elgin  CO.,  Ontario,  15  miles  from  St.  Thomas,  It  lias  s 
flouring-mill.     Pop.  100. 

Taica,  tirkd,  a  province  of  Chili,  reaching  from  the 
Andes  to  the  sea,  and  having  Curic6  on  the  N.  and  M»ul< 
on  the  S.  Area,  3664  square  miles.  Capital,  Talca.  Pop 
110,388. 


TAL 


2581 


TAL 


Talca,a  town  of  Chili,  capital  of  the  province  of  Taloa, 
'  on  the  river  Maule,  40  miles  N.  of  Chilian.  It  has  a  priests' 
'  seminary.     Pop.  17,4 '''•'• 

Talcagiiana,  tll-ki-gwi'ni,  or  Talcahuana,  t4l- 
ki-Wi'nA,  also  written  Talcahuano,  til-k&-wA'no,  and 
Talcaguano,  t4l-ki-gwi'no,  a  town  of  Chili,  on  the 
eea,  province  and  8  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Concepcion.  It 
has  a  good  anchorage.     Pop.  2496. 

Talcan,  til-k4n',  an  island  of  South  America,  off  the 
W.  coast  of  Patagonia,  and  between  it  and  the  island  of 
Chiloe.     Lat.  42°  47'  S. ;  Ion.  72°  58'  W.     Length,  9  miles. 

Talcher,  tirkair',  a  native  state  of  India,  in  Orissa. 
Lat.  20°  52.5'-21°  IS'  N. ;  Ion.  84°  57'-85°  17'  45"  E. 
1  Area,  399  square  miles.  It  has  beds  of  coal,  and  some  gold- 
1  washings.  Capital,  Talcher  (a  town  in  lat.  20°  57'  20"  N., 
:lon.  85°  16'  E. ;  pop.  2800).  The  country  pays  a  tribute 
to  the  British.     Pop.  38,021. 

Talcott,  tawl'kpt,  a  post-office  of  Howell  co.,  Mo. 

Talcott,  Charlotte  co.,  Va.     Sec  Roanoke. 

Talcott,  Summers  co.,  W.  Va.    See  RoLUNSBuna. 

Talcottville,  tawl'kQt-vil,  a  post-hamlet  in  Vernon 
township,  Tolland  co.,  Conn.,  on  the  Hartford,  Providence 
&  Fishkill  Railroad,  Hi  miles  E.N.E.  of  Hartford.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  satinet. 

Talcottville,  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.    See  Letdex. 

Ta-Lee,  or  Ta-Li,  tdMee',  a  city  of  China,  province 
of  Yun-Nan,  capital  of  a  department,  on  the  bank  of  a 
ilake,  80  miles  E.  of  the  Burmese  frontier.  It  is  largo  and 
populous. 

Talent,  ti-l5nt',  a  town  of  Morocco,  in  Soos-el-Acsa 
(see  Soos),  capital  of  a  partially  independent  district,  on 
the  river  Tesset,  40  miles  S.B.  of  Messa. 

Talcquah,  Indian  Territory.     See  Tahlequah. 

Taliabo,or  Talyabo,  ti-le-5.'bo,  one  of  the  Xulla 
Islands,  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  E.  of  Celebes,  lat.  1° 
50'  S.,  Ion.  125°  E.,  separated  by  a  strait  on  the  E.  from  the 
.isl.and  of  Mangola.  Length,  100  miles ;  breadth,  20  miles. 
'  Taliaferro  (pronounced  tol'e-ver),  a  county  in  the 
N.E.  central  part  of  Georgia,  has  an  area  of  nearly  200 
square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Ogecchee  River,  which 
rises  in  it,  and  by  Little  River.  The  surface  is  uneven  or 
hilly.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn 
are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  minerals  is  granite. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Georgia  Railroad.  Capi- 
tal, Crawfordsville.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate, 
$781,063.  Pop.  in  1870,  4796,  of  whom  4765  were  Amer- 
icans; in  1880,  7034. 

Talicota,  ti-le-ko'ti,  Talikote,  ti-le-kot',  or  Tali- 
cot,  a  town  of  India,  district  and  60  miles  N.E.  of  Ku- 
ladgee.     Pop.  7459. 

'Palicut,  a  town  of  India.    See  Tallakad. 

Talking  (tawk'ing)  Kock,  a  post-office  of  Pickens 
CO.,  Ga.,  about  44  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rome. 

Talking  Rock  Creek,  of  Georgia,  enters  the  Coosa- 
wattoe  from  the  left,  at  the  N.E.  extremity  of  Gordon  co. 
I     Talia,  tiVli,  a  village  of  Italv,  province  of  Florence, 
;on  a  hill,  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Arezzo.     Pop.  2508.     Guido 
id'Arezzo,  inventor  of  musical  notation,  was  born  here. 

Tallabonela,  Pontotoc  co..  Miss.    See  Tuoy. 

Tallac,  tariiik',  a  post-office  of  El  Dorado  co.,  Cal. 

Talladega,  tal-la-dec'ga,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central 
'part  of  Alabama,  has  an  area  of  about  800  square  miles.  It 
■is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Coosa  River,  and  also  drained 
by  Choccolocco  Creek.  The  surface  is  moderately  hilly,  and 
a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  oak,  hickory, 
pine,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian 
icorn,  cattle,  and  wheat  are  the  staple  products.  Marble  is 
said  to  be  abundant  here.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
the  Selma,  Rome  <fc  Dalton  Railroad.  Capital,  Talladega. 
Valuation  of  real  arid  personal  estate,  $4,032,823.  Pop.  in 
1870,  18,064;  in  1880,  23,360. 

Talladega,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Talladega  co.,  Ala., 
•is  situated  in  a  fertile  valley,  on  the  Selma,  Rome  &  Dalton 
Railroad,  109  miles  N.N.E.  of  Selma,  and  about  85  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Montgomery.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a 
bank,  6  churches,  3  newspaper  offices,  the  Talladega  College, 
which  was  organized  in  1869,  a  female  institute,  and  an  in- 
stitute for  the  deaf,  dumb,  and  blind,  founded  by  the  state. 
Pop.  in  1880,  1233. 

TalMagang',  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Punjab,  division 
»nd  70  miles  S.W.  of  Rawil-Pinde.     Pop.  5647. 

TaPlaha'la  Creek,  Mississippi,  rises  in  Jasper  co., 
runs  southward  to  Jones  co.,  and  enters  the  Leaf  River 
about  1  mile  above  Augusta. 

TalMahas'see,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Florida,  and  of 
.Leon  CO.,  is  on  the  Jacksonville,  Pensacola  <fc  Mobile  Rail- 
[road,  165  miles  W.  of  JacksoavilLc^  about  230  jmiles  £.  of 


Mobile,  and  26  miles  N.  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Lat.  30« 
28'  N. ;  Ion.  about  84°  24'  W.  It  is  laid  out  in  rectangular 
blocks,  and  has  several  public  squares.  It  contains  a  state- 
house,  a  court-house,  and  9  churches  (4  colored).  Three 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  This  town  has  also 
a  bank,  a  cotton-factory,  and  several  academies  and  semi- 
naries.    Pop.  in  1860,  1932;  in  1870,  2023;  in  1880,  2494. 

Tallahatchee,  taria-hatch'e,  a  county  in  the  N.W. 
part  of  Mississippi,  has  an  area  of  about  750  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Tallahatchee  River,  and  is  partly 
drained  by  Tompkins  River.  The  surface  is  level,  and 
mostly  covered  with  forests  of  cypress,  oak,  and  other  trees. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Charleston.  Valuation 
of  real  and  personal  estate,  $3,228,400.  Pop.  in  1870,  7852, 
of  whom  7791  were  Americans;  in  1880,  10,926. 

Tallahatchee  (or  Tallahatchie)  River,  Mis- 
sissippi, drains  part  of  Union  co.,  and  runs  westward  to 
Panola  co.,  which  it  intersects.  It  next  flows  southward 
through  Tallahatchee  co.,  and  unites  with  the  Yalabusha 
River  at  Greenwood,  in  Leflore  co.  The  river  formed  by 
this  confluence  is  the  Yazoo.  The  Tallahatchee  is  about 
240  miles  long.     Steamboats  can  ascend  it  100  miles. 

Tallahatta  (talMa-hat'ta)  Springs,  a  post-office  of 
Clarke  co.,  Ala. 

TalMaho'ma,  a  small  river  of  Mississippi,  enters  Leaf 
River  from  the  N.,  near  the  centre  of  Perry  co. 

Tallahoma,  a  post-office  of  Lucas  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Burlington  <fc  Missouri  River  Railroad,  about  10  miles  W. 
of  Chariton. 

Tallahoma,  a  post-office  of  Jones  co..  Miss. 

Tal'lakad,  Thalakad,  t&l'a-k&d,  or  Talicut,  a 
town  of  India,  in  Malabar,  35  miles  by  rail  S.S.E.  of  Cali- 
cut.    Pop.  6203. 

TaPlapoo'sa,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Alabama, 
has  an  area  of  about  770  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Tallapoosa  River,  and  also  drained  by  Hillabee  and 
Sandy  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  a 
large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Savannah  & 
Memphis  Railroad.  Capital,  Dadeville.  Valuation  of  real 
and  personal  estate,  $2,024,321.  Pop.  in  1870,  16,963,  of 
whom  16,947  were  Americans;  in  ISSO,  23,401. 

Tallapoosa,  a  post-hamlet  of  Haralson  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Tallapoosa  River,  about  56  miles  W.  of  Atlanta. 

Tallapoosa  River,  a  branch  of  the  Alabama,  rises 
in  Georgia,  near  the  W.  border  of  Paulding  co.  It  runs 
southwestward  into  the  state  of  Alabama,  in  which  it  in 
tersects  the  cos.  of  Cleburne,  Randolph,  and  Tallapoosa. 
Its  general  direction  is  nearly  S.S.W.  It  unites  with  the 
Coosa  River  on  the  S.  border  of  Elmore  co.,  about  10  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Montgomery.     It  is  nearly  250  miles  long. 

Tallard,  tiriau',  a  town  of  France,  in  Hautes-Alpes, 
on  the  Durance,  7  miles  S.  of  Gap.     Pop.  1105. 

Tallarrubias,  Spain.    See  Talauuubias. 

TalMasahatch'ee  Creek,  Alabama,  runs  nearly 
westward,  and  enters  the  Coosa  River  in  Calhoun  co. 

TaPlassee',  a  village  of  Elmore  and  Tallapoosa  cos., 
Ala.,  on  the  Tallapoosa  River,  6  miles  from  Cowles  Station, 
and  36  miles  E.N.E.  of  Montgomery.  It  has  a  large  cot- 
ton-factory, for  which  the  river  affords  motive-power. 
About  600  operatives  are  employed  in  this  factory.  Pop. 
in  1880,  1182. 

Tallassee  Creek,  of  Alabama,  enters  the  Coosa  River 
in  Talladega  co. 

Tal'ley  Ca'vey,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa., 
about  12  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Talleyrand,  tal'le-rand,  a  post-village  of  Keokuk  co., 
Iowa,  in  Clear  Creek  township,  about  15  miles  W.  of  V/ash- 
ington.     It  has  a  graded  school  and  3  churches. 

Talleyrand,  township,  Wilson  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  448. 

Tal'leysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  New  Kent  co.,  Va.,  5 
miles  from  Tunstall's  Station.     It  has  a  store. 

Talline,  an  ancient  name  of  Revkl,  a  town  of  Russia. 

Tallmadge,  tal'mij,  a  post-township  of  Ottawa  co., 
Mich.  Pop.  1475.  It  contains  the  village  of  Lamont. 
Tallmadge  Post-Office  is  on  Grand  River,  about  10  miles  W. 
of  Grand  Rapids. 

Tallmaage,  a  post-village  in  Tallmadge  township. 
Summit  CO.,  0.,  on  the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad, 
4i  miles  N.E.  of  Akron,  and  6  miles  S.W.  of  Kent.  It 
contains  the  Tallmadge  Central  Union  School,  a  pottery  for 
stone-ware,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  376;  of  the  township,  1455. 

TalI'man,  a  post-village  of  Ramapo  township.  Rook- 
land  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Piermont  Branch  of  the  Erie  Rail- 
road, 16i  miles  N.  of  Paterson,  N.J.    It  has  2  churches 


TAL 


2582 


TAM 


Tall'mansville,  a  poit-ftAoe  of  Upshur  oo.,  W.  Va. 

TalI'manville,  auoat-offloe  of  Wayne  eo.,  Pa. 

TallocoSf  or  Tallokns,  tall-o'kus,  »  po»t-offlce  of 
Brooks  CO.,  Oa.,  about  60  inilus  S.S.E,  of  Albany. 

Tni'low,  a  town  of  Ireliin«I,  oo.  of  Watcrford,  12  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Youghal.  Pop.  l.'?;{2.  It  has  a  handsoino  mod- 
ern cbitrch  and  a  largo  ohapcl. 

Tallow  Uridgc,  a  village  of  Ireland,  i  mile  K.N.E. 
of  Tullow. 

Tallula,  t&l-loo'lah,  a  po8t-villago  of  Menard  oo.,  HI., 
in  Tiilliila  township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railrond,  7 
miles  S.W.  of  Petersburg,  and  21  miles  N.E.  of  Jnckson- 
villo.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  an  aoademy,  3  ohurches, 
a  mineral  spring,  a  valuable  coal-mine,  and  manufactures 
of  inunps  and  windmills. 

Tallu'lah,  a  post-office  of  Habersham  co.,  Oa.,  11  mites 
from  Toccoa  City,  and  about  60  miles  N.  of  Athens.  It  is 
■near  the  eelebratod  Tallulah  Falls,  which  are  visited  by 
mnny  tourists,  and  is  surrounded  by  picturesque  scenery. 

Tallulah^  a  post-village  of  Madison  parish,  La.,  on 
the  Vioksburg,  Shreveport  &  Texas  Ilailroad,  55  miles  E. 
of  Monroe.     It  has  a  church  and  6  stores.     Pop.  200. 

Tallulah,  or  Taliula,  a  post-village  of  Issaquena 
oo..  Miss.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  70  miles  N.W. 
of  Jackson. 

Tallulah  Creek,  Rabun  co.,  Ga.,  rises  very  near  the 
northern  boundary  of  the  state.  It  runs  southeastward, 
and  enters  the  Chattooga  or  Savannah  River.  The  Tallu- 
lah Falls,  a  few  miles  from  its  mouth,  are  much  admired. 

Tallya,  til'ydh^  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  30  miles 
S.W.  of  ZcMiplin.  Pop.  3997.  It  has  an  ancient  castle,  and 
Roman  Catholic  and  Protestant  churches. 

Tal'ly  Ho,  a  post-hamlet  in  Tally  Ho  township,  Gran- 
ville CO.,  N.C.,  about  40  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Raleigh.  It  has 
a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2138. 

Talmadge  (tJll'mij)  Planta'tion,  a  township  of 
Washington  co..  Me.     Pop.  80. 

Talmage,  t&l'mij,  a  post-office  of  Newton  co.,  Mo.,  on 
the  Missouri  i  Western  Railroad,  18  milesS.E.  of  Carthtige. 

Talmas,  tirmi',  a  village  of  France,  in  Somme,  8  miles 
S.  of  Doullens.     Pop.  1676. 

Talinis,  the  ancient  name  of  Kalabsheh. 

Talmont,  tirm6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vendue,  8 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Sables.     Pop.  980. 

Tal'rig,  a  small  seaport  of  Norway,  in  Finmark,  on  a 
bay  in  the  fiord  of  Alten,  43  miles  E.N.E.  of  Tromsoe. 

TaPsar',  a  town  of  Bengal,  in  Tiperah,  lat.  24°  1'  N., 
Ion.  91°  4'  E.     Pop.  3010. 

Talyabo,  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Taltabo. 

Tama,  ta'ma  or  tah'ma,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part 
of  Iowa,  has  an  area  of  720  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  Iowa  River  and  Wolf  Creek,  and  also  drained  by  Deer 
and  Salt  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  diversified 
with  prairies  and  groves.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Timber 
is  rather  scarce  here.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  oats,  cat- 
tle, and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  mineral 
resources  is  carboniferous  limestone.  Marble  is  said  to  be 
found  here.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  &  North- 
western Railroad  (Iowa  division)  and  the  Burlington, 
Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Ilailroad.  Capital,  Toledo. 
Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $4,459,201.  Pop.  in 
1870,  16,131;  in  1880,  21,585. 

Tuma,  or  Tama  City,  a  post-village  of  Tama  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  and  Toledo  &  North- 
western Railroads,  50  miles  W.  of  Cedar  Rapids.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  2  newspaper  offices, 
a  graded  school,  2  grist-mills,  2  saw-mills,  a  foundry,  a  pump- 
factory,  and  a  plough-factory.  The  Tama  Hydraulic  Works, 
connected  with  the  Iowa  River,  afford  abundant  motive- 
power.     Pop.  in  1880,  1289. 

Tamalameque,ti-mi-li-mi'ki,  a  town  of  the  United 
States  of  Colombia,  in  Mngdalena,  50  miles  S.E.  of  Mompox. 

Tamalpais,  t&-m&l'pTs,  a  station  in  Marin  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  North  Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  15  miles  N.N.W.  of 
San  Francisco. 

Tamames,  ti-mi'mis,  a  village  of  Spain,  province 
and  32  inilcs  S.W.  of  Salamanca.  In  1809  the  Spaniards 
here  defeated  the  French.     Pop.  1111. 

Taman,  til-min',  written  also  Tmutarakan  (anc. 
Phrinniforia  ?),  a  fortified  town  of  Russia,  on  an  island  in 
Taman  Uny,  between  the  Black  Sea  and  the  Sea  of  Azof,  13 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Yenikale.  It  has  few  inhabitants  inde- 
pendent of  its  garrison,  but  an  export  trade  in  salt,  wax, 
honey,  furs,  Ac,  and  some  import  trade. 

Tamaiidar6,  tl-min-dd-ri',  a  bay  of  Brazil,  on  the 
con,«t  of  I'ernambuco,  40  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Cape  St.  Augus- 
tine, in  lat.  8°  43'  S.,  Ion.  35°  5'  W. 


Tamandna,  tA,-inlln'doo-&,  a  town  of  Brazil,  provint 
of  Minas-doraos,  100  miles  W.  of  Ouro  Prcto.     Pop,  800 

Tam'ani'nd,  a  nost-ollico  and  station  in  Rush  towi 
ship,  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Catawissa  A  WilliMngpoi 
Branch  Railroad,  8i  miles  N.W.  of  Taniuqua.  It  {«  tl; 
W.  terminus  of  the  Nesquehoning  Valley  Railroad,  ISmili 
W.  of  Mauch  Chunk. 

Tamaqua,  tam-aw'kwa,  a  thriving  post-borough  oi 
Schuylkill  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Tamaqua  or  Little  Schuylkl 
River,  17i  miles  E.N.E.  of  Pottsville,  40  miles  N.  of  ReaJ 
ing,  and  98  miles  N.N.W.  of  Philudelphia.  Itisconnocte 
with  these  and  other  cities  by  three  branches  of  the  Phila 
delphia  A  Reading  Railroad.  It  is  ])lea8antly  situated  1 
a  hilly  region  which  contains  an  abundance  of  excellen 
anthracite  coal.  Tamaqua  contains  12  churches,  a  big 
school,  2  banks,  printing-offices  which  issue  a  daily  anil 
weekly  newspaper,  a  rolling-mill,  2  or  3  fuundriei  wit! 
maohjne-shops,  and  a  manufactory  of  shoos.     Pop.  59<0. 

Ta'mar  (anc.  Tumnrnt),  a  river  of  England,  Howl  be 
twoen  the  cos.  of  Cornwall  and  Devon,  forms  the  estuary  ol 
Hamoaze  at  Devonport,  and  enters  Plymouth  Sound  2  mile 
AV.S.W.  of  Plymouth.  Principal  affluents,  the  Tavy  froo 
the  E.,  and  the  Lynher  from  the  W,     Length,  60  milei. 

Tamar,  a  principal  river  of  Tasmania,  formed  by  th 
union  of  the  North  and  South  Esk  at  Launccston,  flowj  3i 
miles  N.,  and  enters  Baas's  Strait  at  Port  Dalrymple, 
miles  from  Georgetown.  i 

Tamara,  ti-m&'r^,  the  largest  of  the  Isles  de  Los,  oil 
the  W.  coast  of  Africa,  70  miles  N.W.  of  Sierra  Leone,  ii' 
lat.  9°  28'  N.,  Ion.  3°  48'  W. 

Tamara,  or  Tamaris,  Spain.    See  Tambre. 

Tam'arac,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  Minn. 

Tamarac,  Crawford  co..  Pa.     See  Shermansville. 

Tamarac,  a  post-office  of  Trempealeau  co.,  Wis. 

Tam'arak,  a  post-hamlet  of  Will  co..  111.,  about  U 
miles  N.W.  of  Joliet.     It  has  a  church. 

Tamarida,  ti-mi-rco'di,  the  capital  town  of  theitland 
of  Socotra,  in  the  Indian  Ocean,  on  a  bay  off  its  N.  coast.' 

Tamarite,  or  Tamarite  de  Litera,  ti-m&-ree'ti! 
dill  le-tA'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  47  miles  S.E.  of, 
Iluesca.     Pop.  3728.  \ 

Tamaro,  ti-mi'ro,  a  river  of  Italy,  joins  the  Calorelj 
miles  N.E.  of  Benovento,  after  a  S.  course  of  45  miles. 

Tamaroa,  tam-a-ro'a,  a  post-village  of  Perry  c«., 
111.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with' 
the  Iron  Mountain,  Chester  A  Eastern  Railroad,  8  miles  N. 
of  Duquoin,  57  miles  E.S.E.  of  Belleville,  and  41  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Chester.  It  has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
large  public  school,  3  churches,  and  a  flour-mill.  Coal  is 
mined  here,  and  exported  in  large  quantities.     Pop.  937. 

Tamarus,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Tamar. 

Tamatam,  tS.-m4-t3.m',  a  group  of  three  coral  islandi 
in  the  North  Pacific.     Lat.  7°  32'  N.;  Ion.  149°  .30'  E. 

Tamatav,  ti'mdHiv',  or  Tamative,  ti'mi'teev',  a 
seaport  town  of  Madagascar,  on  a  bay  of  its  E.  coast,  in 
lat.  18°  10'  S.,  Ion.  49°  28'  5"  E.    It  has  a  fort.    Pop.  3000. 

Tamaulipas,  t3,-mow-lee'p\s,  formerly  New  San- 
tan'der,  a  state  of  Mexico,  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Te.Tiw, 
from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  Rio  Grande,  N.W.  by 
Cohahuila,  W.  by  Nuevo  Leon  and  San  Luis  Potosi,  S.  by 
San  Luis  Potosi  and  Vera  Cruz,  and  E.  by  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico.  Length,  from  N.N.W.  to  S.S.E.,  400  miles;  me- 
dium breadth,  about  130  miles;  aresi,  30,225  square  miles. 
The  coast  is  low  and  fringed  with  lagoons,  and  separated 
from  the  sea  by  belts  of  sand  ;  and  the  mouths  of  almost 
all  the  rivers  are  so  encumbered  with  bars  as  to  make  their 
navigation  difficult.  In  the  N.  part  of  the  state  the  flat- 
ness of  the  coast  is  continued  inland,  and  then  rises  into 
elevated  plains.  To  the  S.  the  surface  is  finely  diversified. 
The  most  important  streams  are  the  Rio  Grande,  the  Fer- 
nando or  Tigre,  which,  besides  reaching  the  coast,  also 
communicates  by  a  branch  with  the  Laguna  del  Madre; 
the  Santander,  and  the  Tampico,  which  forms  the  chief 
boundary  between  the  state  and  San  Luis  Potosi.  The  cli- 
mate of  the  interior  is  temperate  and  healthy,  but  on  the 
coast,  in  the  hot  season,  is  unhealthy.  The  soil  is  gener- 
ally fertile.  The  vegetable  products  include  most  of  the 
grains,  fruits,  and  woods  of  the  temperate  and  torrid  zones. 
Cattle,  horses,  mules,  sheep,  and  goats  are  reared ;  and  a 
considerable  trade,  both  in  them  and  in  other  articles,  is 
carried  on.  The  foreign  tnide  is  carried  on  principally  at 
the  ports  of  Tampico  and  Matamoras.  Iron  and  silver, 
with  salt,  are  the  chief  mineral  products.  Capital,  Nnevo 
Santander.     Pop.  (1882)  140,137. 

Tamaulipas  Pueblo  Viejo,ti-m5w-lee'pJspw«b'lo 
ve-i'tio  (or  the  "Old  Town  of  Tamaulipas"),  also  called 
Old  Tampico,  a  decayed  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Vera 


TAM 


'2583 


TAM 


P 


I 

I    Cnaz,  on  the  river  Tampico,  from  which  town  it  is  distant 

I  ]8  miles  S,    Pop.  1500.    See  Tampico  Pueblo  Nuevo. 

Tainaya,  ta-mi'i,  a  town  of  Chili,  in  Coquimbo,  42 
miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Tongoy.     It  has  rich  copper-mines. 
j       Tamazula,  ti-m4-soo'14,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of 
j    Cinaloa,  on  the  river  Tamazula  or  Culiacan,  110  miles  E. 
of  Culiacan.     Pop.  1000. 

Tambach,  tim'biK,  a  town  of  Saxe-Coburg,  12  miles 
'   S.S.W.  of  Gotha.     Pop.  1831. 

Tambelan  (tdm-bi-lin')  Islands,  in  the  China  Sea, 
between  Borneo  and  Singapore.  Great  Tambelan,  the 
largest  of  the  group,  is  in  lat.  1°  N.,  Ion.  107°  35'  E. 

Tambo,  tira'bo,  a  town  of  Peru,  department  and  50 
miles  N.W,  of  Cuzco,  on  the  Yilcabamba. 

Tambo,  a  village  of  Peru,  department  of  Arequipa,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  Tambo  lliver,  which,  after  a  W.  course 
of  90  miles,  enters  the  Pacific  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ilo. 

Tambobainba,  tiin-bo-b4m'bl,  a  town  of  Peru,  de- 
partment and  40  miles  S.W.  of  Cuzco,  on  the  Apurimac. 

Tambov,  Tambow,  tAm-bov',  or  Tambof,  tim- 
bof,  a  government  of  Russia,  between  lat.  51°  20'  and  55° 
X.  and  Ion.  38°  30'  and  43°  30'  E.,  enclosed  by  the  govern- 
ments of  Riazan,  Vladimeer,  Nizhnce-Novgorod,  Penza, 
Saratov,  and  Voronezh.  Area,  25,683  square  miles.  Pop. 
in  1882,  2,490,313.  The  surface  is  level  or  undulating. 
The  principal  rivers  are  the  Znaand  Moksha,  tributaries  to 
the  Olia,  and  the  Vorona  and  Voronezh,  afSucnts  of  the 
Don.  The  soil  in  the  N.  is  sandy  and  marshy,  in  the  E. 
and  elsewhere  fertile.  More  than  one-sixth  part  of  the 
surface  is  covered  with  forests.  The  chief  crops  are  rye, 
oats,  and  buckwheat.  The  forests  supply  large  quantities 
of  timber  for  ship-  and  boat-building.  Cattle,  sheep,  and 
swine  are  extensively  bred.  Horses  of  a  good  breed  are 
reared,  but  the  stock  is  mostly  very  inferior.  Here  are 
many  forges,  distilleries,  tallow-factories,  mills,  Ac,  The 
chief  towns  are  Tambov,  Borissoglebsk,  Koslov,  Lipetsk, 
'  Morshansk,  Shatsk,  and  Oosman. 

Tambov,  Tambow,  or  Tambof,  a  town  of  Russia, 
capital  of  the  above  government,  on  the  Zna,  125  miles 
N.E.  of  Voronezh.  Pop.  34,000,  It  was  founded  and 
strongly  fortified  in  1636,  as  a  defence  against  the  Nogai 
,  Tartars.  The  houses  are  mostly  of  wood.  It  has  a  college, 
j  a  military  school  for  nobles,  a  high  school  for  ladies,  manu- 
factures of  woollen  cloth,  alum,  and  vitriol,  and  an  active 
,  general  trade. 

Tambre,  tim'bri  (anc.  Tam'ara,  or  Tam'aris),  a  river 
of  Spain,  in  Galicia,  flows  W.S.W.,  and  enters  the  Bay  of 
Noya,  on  the  Atlantic,  after  a  course  of  60  miles, 

Tambro,  a  lake  of  Thibet,     See  Palte. 

Tame,  a  river  of  England,  cos.  of  Stafford  and  War- 
wick, rises  near  Walsall,  ffows  E,  and  N.,  and,  after  a 
course  of  38  miles,  joins  the  Trent  7  miles  N.  of  Tamworth, 

Tame,  a  small  river  of  England,  rises  in  Yorkshire, 
flows  S.W.,  forming  a  part  of  the  boundary  between  Lan- 
cashire and  Cheshire,  and  joins  the  Mersey  at  Stockport. 
Course,  18  miles.    See  Thame. 

Tamega,  ti-mi'gi,  a  river  of  Spain  and  Portugal, 
rises  near  Monterey,  in  Galicia,  flows  S.S.W.  through  the 
provinces  of  Tras-os-Montes  and  Minho,  and  joins  the 
Douro  30  miles  E.  of  Oporto.     Total  course,  90  miles. 

Tamerfors,  or  Tamersfort.    See  Tammerfors. 

Tamesis,  the  Latin  name  of  the  Thames. 

Tamiagua,  tJ.-me-J,'gwi,  a  seaport  town  of  Mexico, 
state  and  70  miles  S.E.  of  Tampico,  in  an  unhealthy  situ- 
'ation,  between  the  Lake  of  Tamiagua  and  the  Gulf  of  Mex- 
ico.    Lat.  21°  16'  N.;  Ion.  97°  17'  E.    See  Lake  of  Ta- 

MIAfiUA. 

r  i     Tamiathis,  the  ancient  name  of  Damietta. 

II  Tamieh,  t4-mee'y?h  (?),  a  town  of  Egypt,  province 
||of   Fayoom,  15   miles  N.E.  of  Medinct-el-Fayoom,  on  a 

'canal,  20  miles  AV.  of  the  Nile. 

Tamil,  ti-meel',  Tamul,  ti-miil',  or  Tamilians, 
iti-meel'e-anz,  a  race  of  people  in  Southern  India,  num- 
'bering  14,500,000,  and  speaking  the  Tamil  language,  which 
lis  wonderful  for  its  precision  and  copiousness,  and  is  the 
most  cultivated  of  the  Dravidian  tongues. 
,  Tamise,  ti'meez'  (Flemish,  Temsche,  t3m'sk§h  ;  anc. 
Tcnmica  f),  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  East  I'landers,  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  Scheldt,  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ghent,  with  a 
pretty  church,  chapel,  communal  house,  hospital,  a  fine 
(Chateau,  several  schools,  and  a  musical  society;  manufac- 
tures of  sail-cloth,  cotton  goods,  hats,  pottery,  tobacco, 
leather,  chiccory,  oil,  Ac,  Pop,  10,000, 
|t|  Tamise,  the  French  name  of  the  river  Thames, 
il  Tamlaght,  tim'llHt,  a  village  of  Ireland,  in  Ulster, 
*  !eo,  of  Tyrone,  3i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Moneymore.  Pop.  of 
parish,  2263,  who  manufacture  linens 


Tamlingtar,  tlmMing-tar'.  a  town  of  Nepaul,  1 15  mile* 
N.W.  of  Purneah,     Lat.  27°  17'  N.;  Ion.  86°  52'  E. 

Tamluk,  a  town  of  Bengal.    See  Tumlook. 

Tammerfors,  t4m'm?r-foRs\  written  also  Tam'er- 
fors  and  Tam'ersfort,  a  town  of  Finland,  Isen  and  85 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Abo,  between  two  lakes.     Pop.  8443. 

Tamola  (ta-mo'la)  Station,  a  post-oflice  of  Kemper 
CO.,  Miss.,  on  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  23i  miles  N.E. 
of  Meridian. 

Tamook,  ti-mook',  one  of  the  smaller  Sooloo  Islands. 
Lat.  6°  28'  N. ;  Ion.  121°  56'  E. 

Tampa,  tim'pa,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hillsbor- 
ough CO.,  Fla.,  is  at  the  head  or  N.E.  end  of  Tampa  Bay, 
30  miles  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  about  100  miles  S. 
by  E.  of  Cedar  Keys.  It  has  2  newspaper  oflices,  an  acad- 
emy, 3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  pine  lumber.  The 
bay  is  navigable  for  steamboats,  Tampa  is  at  the  mouth 
of  Hillsborough  River,  which  here  enters  the  eastern  branch 
or  arm  of  the  bay.     Pop.  in  1880,  720;  in  1890,  5532. 

Tampa  Bay,  Florida,  is  on  the  W.  side  of  the  penin- 
sula, and  extends  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  into  llillfborough 
CO.    It  is  nearly  40  miles  long,  and  forms  a  good  harbor. 

Tampico,  tim-pee'ko,  a  river  of  Mexico,  state  of  Vera 
Cruz,  after  an  E.  course  enters  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  near 
Tampico,  its  bar  being  in  lat.  22°  15'  N.,  Ion.  97°  46'  W. 
Total  length,  200  miles. 

Tampico,  tam-pee'ko  or  tam'pe-ko,  a  post-village  in 
Tampico  township,  Whiteside  co..  111.,  on  the  Mendota  <fc 
Clinton  Railroad,  37  miles  W.  of  Mendota,  and  about  14 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Sterling.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  news- 
paper oflSce.  Pop.  about  700 ;  of  the  township,  634,  In 
June,  1875,  Tampico  was  demolished  by  a  tornado. 

Tampico,  a  hamlet  of  Howard  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  rail- 
road between  Anderson  and  Kokomo,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Kokomo,     It  has  2  churches.     Here  is  Centre  Post-Office, 

Tampico,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Ind.,  40  milea 
N,  of  New  Albany,     It  has  a  church  and  a  graded  school. 

Tampico,  a  post-ofiice  of  Taylor  co,  Ky. 

Tampico,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co..  Miss.,  about  35 
miles  W.N.W,  of  Columbus,     It  has  2  churches. 

Tampico,  a  hamlet  of  Darke  co.,  0.,  9  miles  S.W,  of 
Greenville.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  67. 

Tampico,  a  post-village  of  Grainger  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Ilolston  River,  27  miles  by  land  N.E.  of  Knoxville.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Tampico  el  Alto,  tim-pec'ko  61  il'to  ("High  Tam- 
pico"), a  village  of  Mexico,  state  of  Vera  Cruz,  on  a  height, 
S.E.  of  Tamaulipas  Pueblo  Viejo. 

Tampico  rueblo  Nuevo,  pwSb'lo  nw4'vo  ("new 
town"),  or  Santa  Ana  de  Tamaulipas,  s&n'tS,  (I'ni 
di.  tA-mow-lee'pJ.s,  a  seaport  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Ta- 
maulipas, 215  miles  N.N.W.  of  Vera  Cruz,  on  the  S.  shore 
of  the  Lake  of  Tampico,  Pop.  7000.  It  has  some  good 
dwellings  in  the  Spanish  stylo,  military  and  naval  hospitals, 
public  monuments,  and  an  important  trade  with  the  United 
States  and  Great  Britain.  The  principal  exports  are  specie, 
hides,  tallow,  bones,  and  jerked  beef.  See  Lake  of  Tam- 
pico, and  Tamaulipas  Pueblo  Viejo. 

Tam-Qnoon-Tow,  China,    See  Lema  Islanbs, 

Tamsui,  tim-soo'ee,  a  treaty-port  of  China  (opened  to 
trade  in  188.5),  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  Formosa.    P.  100,000. 

Tam 'worth,  a  borough  of  England,  in  the  cos.  of  Staf- 
ford and  Warwick,  on  the  Tame  and  Anker,  at  their  junc- 
tion, and  on  the  London  A  Northwestern  and  Midland  Rail- 
ways, 6i  miles  S.W.  of  Lichfield.  Pop.  4589.  The  town, 
in  a  tract  of  rich  meadow-land,  has  a  large  and  handsome 
parish  church  containing  some  fine  monuments,  various 
dissenting  chapels,  a  grammar-school,  2  free  schools,  alms- 
houses, a  town  hall,  market-house,  assembly-  and  reading- 
rooms,  cotton-spinning,  calico-printing,  and  wool-stapling 
houses,  tanneries,  breweries,  a  carpet-factory,  and  manufac- 
tures of  lace.  It  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Com- 
mons. Tamworth  stands  on  the  ancient  Watling  Street, 
and  was  a  principal  residence  of  the  kings  of  Morcia,  Im- 
mediately S,  of  the  town  is  a  castle  reputed  to  have  been 
founded  by  a  daughter  of  King  Alfred, 

Tam'worth,  a  post-village  in  Tamworth  township, 
Carroll  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  inlet  of  Ossipee  Lake,  15  miles 
N.W.  of  Ossipee,  and  4  miles  W.  of  West  Ossipee  Station, 
It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  spools,  and 
bedsteads.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1344. 

Tam'worth,  a  town  of  New  South  Wales,  on  the  Peel 
and  Cockburn  Rivers,  251  miles  N.  of  Sydney.    Pop.  4000. 

Tam'worth,  a  post-villnge  in  Addington  co.,  Ontario, 
on  Salmon  River,  20  miles  N.  of  Napanee.  It  contains  an 
iron-foundry,  several  saw-  and  grist-mills,  a  tannery,  3 
churches,  and  12  stores.     Pop,  500. 


I 


TAM 


2584 


TAN 


Tamworth  Iron-Works,  a  post-village  of  Carroll 
eo.,  N.ll.,  in  Tamworth  township,  aoout  30  miles  N.N.E. 
of  I.aconia. 

Tann-IloogiSf  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Crlebba. 

TaiiU'Eir,  t&'nil-dlf,  the  northernmost  river  in  Europe, 
forms  in  most  part  of  its  course  the  boundary  botwocn  Nor- 
way (Finmark)  and  Russian  Lapland,  and  enters  tho  Tana- 
Fiord,  Arctic  Ocean,  in  lat.  70°  30'  N.,  Ion.  28°  K.,  after  a 
northward  course  of  ISO  miles.  At  its  mouth  is  the  hamlet 
of  Tana. 

Tanagn,  tH-n&'gil,  one  of  the  Aleutian  Islands,  in  the 
North  Puuilio  Ocean,  Andreanov  group,  W.  of  Kanaga. 
Lat.  51°  69'  N. ;  Ion.  178°  10'  W.  Surface  mountainous, 
and  it  contains  an  active  volcano. 
.  Tnnager,  an  ancient  name  of  Galore. 
,,,  Taa'agra,  a  ruined  town  of  Greece,  in  Boeotia,  15 
itnilos  E.  of  Thebes.  Hero  are  interesting  remains  of  an- 
tiqiiity. 

Tniiah,  a  town  of  Lower  Egypt.    See  Tartau. 

Taiiah-Mangkcsser.    See  Celebes. 

Tanah>Pileh«  t&'n&-pee'I4h,  a  town  in  the  island  of 
Sumatra,  state  and  30  miles  from  Jambi.     Pop.  4000. 

Tanais,  tho  ancient  name  of  tho  Dox. 

Tanais,  the  ancient  name  of  Azof. 

Tanakeke  (t&-nfl-k&'kil)  or  Tanckake  Islands,  a 
group  in  tho  Malay  Archipelago,  off  the  S.W.  extremity  of 
iCeleboa,  tho  largest  island  being  10  miles  in  circuit.  Lat. 
6°28'S.;  Ion.  119°  17'  E. 

Tanal'quot,  apost-ofHce  of  Thurston  oo.,  Washington. 

Tanaiiahf  t&n-^-nah',  a  large  river  of  Alaska,  which 
joins  the  Yukon  from  the  left,  in  lat.  64°  7'  N.,  Ion.  150° 
8'  W.  It  has  a  rapid  course  of  about  250  miles,  but  not 
much  is  known  regarding  it, 

Tananarivoo,  or  Tananarivon,  tfl.-ni-niVe-voo', 
sometimes  written  Tananarivo,  Tarnanaruvo,  and 
Antananarivo,  the  capital  town  of  Madagascar,  near 
the  centre  of  the  island,  190  miles  AV.  of  Tamatav.  It  is 
reported  to  have  manufactures  of  exquisite  gold  and  silver 
chains,  silk  stuffs,  Ac.     Pop.  75,000. 

Tanaro,  t&-nil'ro  (anc.  Tan'arna),  a  river  of  North 
Italy,  rises  in  the  Alps  near  tho  Col  do  Tenda,  and  flows  N. 
and  N.E.  past  Garessio,  Ceva,  Alba,  Asti,  and  Alessandria, 
10  miles  N.E.  of  which  city  it  joins  the  Po,  after  a  total 
course  of  125  miles.  Principal  aiUuents,  the  Stura,  Pesio, 
Ellero,  and  Corsaglia,  from  the  W.,  and  the  Belbo  and  Bor- 
mida,  from  the  S.B.  Under  the  French  it  gave  name  to  a 
department,  of  which  Asti  was  the  capital. 

Tanasscrim,  Burmah.    See  Tenasseriw. 

Tancitaro,  tin-se-ti'ro,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of 
Michoacan,  100  miles  S.W.  of  Morelia. 

Tan'cook  Islands,  Great  and  Little,  two  islands 
of  Nova  Scotia,  in  Mahone  Bay,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Halifax. 

Tancook  Islands,  a  post-settlement  on  the  above 
islands,  9  miles  from  Chester.     Pop.  390. 

Tandah,  Tanda,  tin'di,  or  Tandeh,  tin'd£h,  also 
called  Taun'da,  a  town  of  India,  in  Oude,  district  of 
Fyzabad,  on  the  Goggra,  33  miles  S.S.E.  of  Fyzabad.  Pop. 
13,543. 

Tanderagee,  tanM^r-a-ghee',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co, 
of  Armagh,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Gilford.  Pop.  1240.  It  has  a 
handsome  church,  several  schools,  flour-  and  flax-mills,  and 
a  brisk  trade  in  flax,  linens,  and  agricultural  produce. 

Tandjeh,  or  Tandsha,  Morocco.    See  Tangier. 

Tanega-Sima,  ti-ni'gi-sce'mi,  an  island  of  Japan, 
S.  of  Kioo-Sioo.  Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  25  miles ;  average 
breadth,  12  miles. 

Tanekake  Islands.    See  Tanakeke  Islands. 

Taney,  taw'ne,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Missouri, 
bordering  on  Arkansas,  has  an  area  of  about  750  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  White  lliver,  and  is  also  drained 
by  Beaver  and  Bull  Creeks.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  un- 
even, and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  hickory, 
oak,  yellow  pine,  Ac.  Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Copper  and  lead  are  found  here.  Capital, 
Forsyth.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $500,000. 
Pop.  in  1870,  4407;  in  18SU,  5599. 

Taneytown,  taw'ne-town,  a  post- village  of  Carroll  co., 
Md.,  on  the  Frederick  Branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Ilail- 
road,  22i  miles  N.E.  of  Frederick,  and  40  miles  N.W.  of 
Baltimore.  It  has  3  churches,  a  job  printing-office,  and  the 
Eagleton  Institute.     Pop.  in  1880,  519. 

'Fanganyika,  t&n-g4n-yee'ki,  a  great  lake  of  Central 
Africa,  extending  in  a  N.W.  and  S.E.  direction  about  480 
miles,  with  a  breadth  of  from  10  to  60  miles.  It  is  S.S.AV. 
of  the  Victoria  Nyanza  and  N.W.  of  Nyassa,  between  lat. 
3°  18'  and  9°  S.  and  Ion.  29°  20'  and  32°  10'  E.  Elevation, 
2711   feet.     Its  waters  are  fresh,  and  are  probably  dis- 


charged, especially  in  times  of  flood,  through  the  Lualabi 
into  the  Congo.  It  was  discovered  in  1853  by  Speke  anc 
Burton,  visited  by  Dr.  Livingstone  in  1867,  and  re-vititec 
and  explored  by  Stanley  in  1874-77. 

Tangent,  tiVn'J9nt,  a  post-hamlet  of  Linn  oo.,  Oregon 
on  or  near  the  Willamette  River,  and  on  the  Oregon  i  Cali 
fornia  Railroad,  C  miles  S.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  ohnroh. 
Much  wheat  is  shipped  here. 

TangcrniUndc,  tlng'?r-miln*d?h,  a  town  of  PnutixD 
Saxony,  33  miles  N.N.E.  of  Magdeburg,  on  tho  Elbe,  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Tanger.  Pop.  4627.  It  has  munufaeturci 
of  woollen  and  linen  stuffs,  spirits,  and  beer. 

Tangier,  tin-jeer',  called  Tanjch  or  Tandjeh, 
tln'j^h,  by  the  Moors,  sometimes  written  Tanditha  (nnc. 
7'in'yia  or  Ju'lia  Trojec'ta),  a  seaport  town  of  Morocco,  of 
which  it  is  the  diplomatic  capital,  near  the  W.  entrance  of 
tho  Strait  of  Gibraltar,  S.E.  of  Cape  Spartcl.  Lat.  (con- 
sul's house),  35°  47'  12"  N. ;  Ion.  5°  48'  30"  W.  It  stands 
on  a  height  near  a  spacious  bay,  iind,  rising  in  the  form  of 
an  amphitheatre,  presents  a  very  striking  !i|>pearnnco  when 
approached  from  the  sea.  It  is  surrounded  by  walls,  iind 
defended  by  a  castle  and  several  forts.  With  the  exception 
of  the  main  street,  which  traverses  it  from  E.  to  W.,  it 
consists  of  wretched  houses,  huddled  together  in  narrow, 
dirty  lanes.  The  only  exceptions  to  the  general  wretched- 
ness of  the  buildings  are  furnished  by  the  residences  of  tlie 
European  consuls  and  ministers  and  those  of  a  few  wealthy 
merchants.  The  principal  buildings  are  tho  castle,  or  alcut- 
atiba,  occupying  a  commanding  height,  but  in  a  very  dilai)!- 
datod  state,  several  mosques  and  Jewish  synagogues,  and 
a  Roman  Catholic  church  and  convent.  Tho  harbor,  which 
was  once  capacious  and  protected  by  a  mole,  was  formerly 
very  much  frequented  by  vessels  from  almost  all  maritime 
countries,  but  is  now  neglected.  The  trade,  confined  chiefly 
to  Gibraltar  and  the  Spanish  coast,  is  very  limited  ;  the  in- 
ternal traffic  is  chiefly  with  Tetooan  and  Fez.  The  trade  it 
chiefly  in  hides,  wax,  wool,  grain,  leeches,  fruit,  cattle, 
poultry,  Ac. ;  woollens,  brass  trays,  and  matting  aro  manu- 
factured. Tangier  is  said  to  have  been  founded  by  the  Car- 
thaginians, from  whom  it  pnssed  to  the  Romans  and  after- 
wards successively  to  tho  Goths  and  Arabs.  It  was  taken 
by  the  Portuguese  in  1471,  and  ceded  by  them  in  1662  to 
the  British,  as  a  part  of  the  dowry  of  the  Princess  Cath- 
erine. The  British  erected  a  mole  which  gave  protection  to 
vessels,  and  kept  possession  of  it  for  22  years.  It  declined 
rapidly  on  falling  into  the  hands  of  the  Moors.  Outside  of 
the  town  is  a  Roman  bridge  ,■  3  miles  S.E.  are  the  remaini 
of  ancient  Tingia.     Pop.  14,200. 

Tangier  (tan-jeer').  New,  a  seaport  of  Nova  Scotia, 
CO.  of  Halifax,  at  the  bead  of  a  fine  harbor  of  tho  same 
name,  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  75  miles  from  Halifax.  This 
place  was  a  mere  fishing  village  until  1800,  when  the  dis- 
covery of  gold  attracted  a  large  number  of  gold-seekers. 
Twelve  quartz  lodes  have  been  opened.     Pop.  600. 

Tangier,  Old,  or  Moose'land,  a  post-village  in 
Halifax  co..  Nova  Scotia,  about  11  miles  from  Pope's  Head, 
a  harbor  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  50  miles  from  Halifax.  Gold 
in  quartz  was  discovered  here  in  1858.     Pop.  300. 

"Tangier  (tan-jeer')  Island,  of  Virginia,  in  Chesa- 
peake Bay,  nearly  opposite  the  mouth  of  the  Potoinao 
River.  N.  of  this  island  extends  a  range  of  islands,  mostly 
in  Somerset  co.,  Md.,  dividing  Tangier  Sound  from  the  rest 
of  the  bay.     This  sound  is  noted  for  its  oysters. 

Tangipahoa,  tan'je-pa-ho'  (common,  tanch-p^-ho'),  a 
parish  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Louisiana,  has  an  area  of  about 
700  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  Lake  Pont- 
chartrain,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  Lake  Maurepas,  and  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Tangipahoa  River,  which  runs  southward. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  a  large  part 
of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  magnolia,  oak,  and 
other  trees.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian 
com,  cattle,  and  lumber  are  the  staple  products.  This 
parish  is  intersected  by  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  A  Chi- 
cago Railroad.  Capital,  Amite  City.  Valuation  of  real  and 
personal  estate,  $2,200,000.  Organized  in  1869.  Pop.  in 
1870,  7928,  of  whom  7592  were  Americans;  in  1880,  9638. 

Tangipahoa,  a  post-village  of  Tangipahoa  parish, 
La.,  on  tho  river  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the  New  Or- 
leans, Jackson  A  Groat  Northern  Railroad,  78  miles  N.  by 
W.  of  New  Orleans.  It  has  a  church  and  3  or  4  stores. 
Pop.  236. 

Tangipahoa  (or  Tangipaha)  River  rises  in  Amite 
CO.,  Mississippi,  runs  southward  through  Tangipahoa  parish. 
La.,  and  enters  Lake  Pontchartrain.     Length,  90  miles. 

"Tanglewood,  tang'g^l-wood,  a  post-office  of  Kiplej 
CO.,  Ind. 

Tang^noo'  or  Tangnou  (ting'noo')  Mountains. 


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in  the  Chinese  Empire,  Khalkas  country,  in  lat.  50°  N.,  Ion. 
from  90°  to  100°  E.,  are  connected  westward  with  the  Little 
Altai,  and  separate  the  basins  of  the  Tobol  and  Yenisei 
llivers,  and  these  again  from  the  basins  of  several  rivers 
which  enter  the  lakes  of  Central  Asia. 
1  Taninge,  Tanninge,  or  Tanninges,  tin^niuzh',  a 
town  of  France,  in  Savoy,  3  miles  N.  of  Cluses.  Pop.  3020. 
j     Tanis,  the  ancient  name  of  San. 

Tanjeh,  a  town  of  Morocco.    See  Tangier. 

Tanjore,  tan'jOr',  a  maritime  district  of  British  India, 
presidency  of  Madras,  near  the  S.  extremity  of  India,  hav- 
ing E.  the  ocean,  and  landward  the  districts  of  Madura, 
Trtchinopoly,  and  South  Arcot.  Lat.  9°  50'  to  11°  25'  N.; 
Ion.  78°  45'  to  79°  55'  E.  Area,  3654  square  miles.  Pop. 
1,973,731.  It  comprises  the  delta  of  the  Cavery  River,  and 
is  one  of  the  most  fertile  portions  of  British  India.  The 
population  is  chiefly  Hindoos,  whose  customs  are  here  per- 
petuated in  great  purity.  The  principal  towns  are  Tanjore, 
Combaconum,  and  Negapatam. 

Tanjore,  a  city  of  British  India,  capital  of  the  above 
district,  presidency  and  170  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Madras,  on  an 
arm  of  the  Cavery.  Lat.  10°  50'  N.;  Ion.  79°  15'  E.  Pop. 
62,175.  It  is  nearly  6  miles  in  circumference,  and  regularly 
built.  It  consists  of  two  portions,  separately  fortified,  one 
comprising  the  rajah's  palace,  in  which  is  a  sculptured 
group  by  Flaxman,  and  the  other  containing  a  remarkable 
Hindoo  temple,  with  a  tower  nearly  200  feet  in  height,  and 
i  black  granite  bull,  one  of  the  finest  specimens  of  Hindoo 
iculpture,  and  close  to  which  is  an  English  church.  The 
British  residency  is  to  the  S.,  outside  of  the  walls.  Tan- 
jore was  taken  by  the  British  in  1749,  and  again  from  the 
French  in  1773.  It  is  connected  by  the  Great  India  Rail- 
way with  Negapatam. 

Tanjore,  a  town  of  Java.    See  Tjanjor. 

TanktOAVU,  Delaware  co.,  0.    See  Berlin. 
i    Tann,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Thann. 

Tanna,  tin'nah,  a  maritime  district  of  India,  Bombay 
^residency,  about  lat.  17°  56'-20°  20'  N.,  Ion.  72°  42'-73° 
18'  E.  Area,  4052  square  miles.  Capital,  Tanna.  Pop. 
S  74,424. 

'Tanna,  a  town  of  British  India,  capital  of  Tanna  dis- 
rict,  20  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of  Bombay,  on  the  island  of 
talsette,  having  many  Christian  inhabitants  and  some 
t'ortuguese  churches.     Pop.  14,299. 

Tanna,  tan'nah,  an  island  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  New 
'lebrides,  near  lat.  19°  30'  S.,  Ion.  169°  28'  E.  Length,  18 
ciles,  by  8  miles  in  breadth.     Pop.  10,000. 

Tan'nahill,  a  post-office  of  Tarrant  co.,  Tex.,  10  miles 
V.  of  Fort  Worth. 

'  Tannay,  tin^ni.',  a  town  of  France,  in  NiSvre,  7  miles 
;.E.  of  Clamecy.     Pop.  1422. 

I  Tannehill,  tan'ne-hil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tuscaloosa 
0.,  Ala.,  on  the  Alabama  &  Chattanooga   Railroad,  24 
4iles  S.W.  of  Birmingham. 
[  Tannehill,  a  post-office  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas. 

Tan'ner's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gilmore  co.,  W.  Va.,  22 
niles  S.  of  Harrisville.  It  has  a  church. 
I  Tanner's  Creek,  Indiana,  runs  southeastward  through 
j)earborn  co.,  and  enters  the  Ohio  neiir  Lawrenceburg. 
j  Tanner's  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Pa.,  on 
,)yberry  Creek,  7  miles  N.  of  Honesdale.  It  has  a  tannery. 
[  Tan'nersville,  or  East  Hunt'er,  a  post-hamlet  in 
funtcr  township,  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  among  the  Catskill 
■iountains,  about  20  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Hudson.  It  has 
i3veral  hotels  and  boarding-houses  for  summer  boarders. 

Tannersville,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co..  Pa.,  in 
'ocono  township,  6  miles  from  Henryville  Station,  and 
^bout  27  miles  N.  of  Easton.     It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery, 

wagon-shop,  and  a  spoke-factory.     Pop.  about  500. 
I  Tannersville,  a  post-office  of  Tazewell  co.,  Va. 

Tan'nery,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  on  the  West- 
,rn  Maryland  Railroad,  3  railet  E.  of  Westminster. 

Tannery,  a  post-hamlet  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.,  6  miles  W. 
f  Indiana. 
1  Tannery,  Carbon  co..  Pa.    See  Lehigh  Tannery. 

Tannery,  a  post-office  of  Preston  co.,  W.  Va. 

Tannery  West,  or  Saint  Henri  (formerly  Tan- 

eries  des  Rollands),  a  post-village  in  Hochelaga  co., 
,uebec,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  3  miles  from  Mon- 
■cal,  of  which  it  may  be  considered  a  suburb.  It  contains 
!  churches,  several  stores,  brick-fields,  ic.  Pop.  4000. 
,  Tanninge,  or  Tanninges,  Savoy.  See  Taninge. 
;  Tanore,  ti-nor',  a  town  of  British  India,  presidency 
f  Madras,  on  the  Malabar  coast,  20  miles  S.  of  Calicut. 

Tans,  tins,  a  dreary  waste  of  South  Africa,  in  the 
•ainara  country,  between  lat.  23°  and  24°  S.,  bounded  on 

le  N.E.  by  the  mountains  of  Tans,  which  rise  to  4000  feet. 

163 


Tansborongh,  tanz'biir-rfih,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cam- 
den CO.,  N.J.,  in  Winslow  township,  on  the  Williamstown 
Railroad,  7i  miles  N.E.  of  Williamstown,  and  about  20 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Camden.  It  has  a  church,  and  a  manufac- 
tory of  glass. 

"Tantah,  tin'tS,,  a  town  of  Egypt,  in  the  Delta,  capital 
of  the  Gharbeeyeh  province.  It  is  54  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Cairo,  and  is  on  the  Alexandria-Cairo  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  four  branch  lines.  It  is  noted  for  its  great  Mo» 
hammedan  festivals.     Pop.  (1882)  33,726. 

Tantalem,  tin'ti-lftm',  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  Siam, 
25  miles  E.  of  Ligor,  separated  from  the  mainland  by  a 
narrow  strait.  Lat.  8°  N. ;  Ion.  101°  E.  Length,  65  miles ; 
greatest  breadth,  20  miles.     The  soil  is  highly  fertile. 

Tantal'on,  a  station  in  Franklin  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  94  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Nashville. 

Tanuirath  Doqra  (or  Dura),  ti-nwe-rith'  doo'ri  (?) 
(the  Adora'im  of  Scripture  and  Ado'ra  of  Josephus),  a 
large  village  of  Palestine,  5  miles  W.S.W.  of  Hebron,  on 
the  E.  slope  of  a  hill,  enclosed  by  olive-grounds.  It  is  the 
residence  of  a  sheikh. 

Tan-Yang,  tin'ying',  a  town  of  China,  province  of 
Kiang-Soo,  on  the  Imperial  Canal,  60  miles  E.  of  Nanking. 

Tao,  ti'o,  a  town  of  China,  province  of  Hoo-Nan,  near 
lat.  25°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  112°  E. 

Tao-Hing-Teng-Shan  (or  -Chan),  ti'o-hing^- 
t6ng-sh3,n',  a  mountain  of  China,  province  of  Koei-Choo. 
Lat.  28°  4'  N. ;  Ion.  108°  27'  E.  It  is  covered  with  per- 
petual snow. 

Taoneroa,  New  Zealand.    See  Turanga. 

Taook,  Taouk,  ti^ook',  or  Toak,  to^ik',  a  town  of 
Turkish  Koordistan,  on  an  aifluent  of  the  Tigris,  30  milea 
S.  of  Kerkook. 

Taopi,  ta-o'pe,  a  post-office  of  Minnehaha  co.,  Dakota. 

Taopi,  a  post-village  in  Lodi  township,  Mower  co., 
Minn.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <t  St.  Paul  Railroad,  18 j 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Austin.     It  has  2  churches. 

Taormina,  ti-on-mee'nS.  (anc.  Taiirome'nium),  a  town 
of  Sicily,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Messina,  near  the  E.  coast  of  the 
island.  Lat.  37°  48' N. ;  Ion.  15°  18'  E.  Pop.  2458.  It 
has  many  large  churches  and  convents,  a  hospital,  and 
splendid  remains  of  antiquity,  comprising  a  theatre  capa- 
ble of  accommodating  40,000  spectators,  and  one  of  the 
finest  ancient  structures  extant,  commanding  a  magnificent 
prospect.  It  has  also  remains  of  the  aqueduct  and  reser- 
voir which  supplied  the  ancient  city,  sepulchres,  cenotaphs, 
tessellated  pavements,  and  ruined  edifices. 

Taos,  ta'oce,  almost  tSwss,  the  most  northwestern  county 
of  New  Mexico,  borders  on  Colorado.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Rio  Grande,  the  Rio  de  Chaco,  and  other  rivers.  The 
surface  is  diversified  by  high  mountains  and  table-lands  or 
plains.  This  county  comprises  the  southern  part  of  the 
vast  and  fertile  San  Luis  Park.  Between  the  Rio  Grande 
and  Rio  de  Chaco  is  a  mountain-range  called  Sierra  San 
Juan.  The  soil  is  fertile  if  irrigated.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
and  wool  are  the  staple  products,  and  gold  is  one  of  the 
chief  articles  of  export.  Capital,  Fernandez  de  Taos.  Val- 
uation of  real  and  personal  estate,  $1,550,000.  Pop.  in 
1870,  12,079;  in  1880,  11,029. 

Taos,  a  post-office  of  Cole  co..  Mo.,  7  or  8  miles  S.E. 
of  Jefferson  City. 

Taos,  New  Mexico.    See  Fernandez  de  Taos. 

Tao-Thseu-Shan,  or  Tao-Thseu-Chan,  ti'o- 
t'sfi-oo^-shin',  a  mountain  of  China,  province  of  Pe-Chee- 
Lee.  Lat.  39°  52'  N.  ,•  Ion.  114°  45'  E.  It  is  covered  with 
perpetual  snow, 

"raoudiny,  or  Taoudyny,  Africa.    See  Taudent, 

Taouk,  a  town  of  Koordistan.    See  Taook. 

Taouka,  ti-oo'k4,  one  of  the  Society  Islands. 

Tapagipe,  ti-pil-zhee'pi,  or  Itapagipe,  ee-t&-p&- 
zhee'pA,  a  village  of  Brazil,  10  miles  N.  of  Bahia,  on  a 
peninsula  in  All  Saints'  Bay.  It  has  extensive  building- 
docks  and  a  summer  residence  of  the  archbishop. 

Tapajos,  ti-p4-zhoce',  or  Topayos,  to-pi-yoce',  a 
river  of  Brazil,  province  of  Pard,  alter  a  N.  course  of  1200 
miles  joins  the  Amazon  near  Santarem,  its  basin  lying  be- 
tween those  of  the  Madeira  and  Xingu.  Among  its  prin- 
cipal affluents  are  the  Arinos  and  the  Juruena,  and  it  is 
navigable  from  the  Amazon  along  the  former  to  within  20 
miles  of  the  head  of  navigation  of  the  Cuyabd,  an  affluent 
of  the  Paraguay. 

Ta-Pa-Ling,tS,'pi*ling',  a  mountain  of  China,  prov- 
ince of  Shen-See.  Lat.  32°  42'  N, ;  Ion.  106°  8'  E.  It  il 
covered  with  perpetual  snow. 

Tapanhnacanga,  ti-pan-yoo-i-king'ga,  a  village  of 
Brazil,  in  Minas-Geraes,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Minos-Novaa. 


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Tapcnntana,  tA-pi^-An-ti'nfi.,  one  of  the  Sooloo  Islands, 
B.  of  liMoelan.     Lnt.  «°  14'  N, ;  Ion.  122°  8'  E. 

Tapenif  tA-p&'r&,  a  village  of  Brazil,  province  of 
Minas-Ooraes,  22  miles  S.W.  of  Sorro  Frio. 

Taphroa,  or  Taphrae,  Russia.    See  Perbkop. 
'    Tapiau,  tA'pe-8vr\  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  22  miles 
B.S.E.  of  Koni)?«berg,  on  the  Progol.     Pop.  2679. 

Tnpicooina  (t&-pe-koo'm&)  Lake,  in  British  Guiana, 
•o.  of  Esscquibo,  is  an  artificial  reservoir  for  the  wutor- 
■upply  of  oortAin  estates. 

Tapisi,  tA-pe-see',  or  Tapiche,  t&-pec'oh&,  a  river 
of  South  America,  rises  In  the  N.E.  of  Peru,  flows  N.N.W., 
expanding  into  a  lake  of  its  own  name,  enters  Ecuador,  and, 
after  a  course  of  above  200  miles,  joins  the  Uoayale,  a 
itranoh  of  the  Amazon. 

Tap'leK«  a  post-offioe  of  Osborne  co.,  Kansas,  22  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Victoria. 

Tap'leytown,  a  post-village  in  Wentworth  oo.,  On- 
tario, 4  miles  from  Stony  Creek.     Pop.  100. 

TapMeyvillef  a  post-villnge  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  in 
'Danvors  township,  about  7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Salem.  It  has 
a  church,  3  stores,  and  manufactures  of  carpets,  shirts,  and 
■hoes. 

Tapool  (t4*pool')  Isles,  a  group  of  the  Sooloo  Archi- 

Kelago,  15  miles  S.W.  of  the  island  of  Sooloo.  Lat.  6°  40' 
r. ;  Ion.  120°  50'  E. 

Tap^pahan'nock,  a  post-village,  port  of  entry,  and 
capital  of  Essex  co.,  Va.,  is  on  the  right  or  S.W.  bank  of 
-the  Rappahannock  River,  about  48  miles  N.E.  of  Rich- 
mond. It  contains  a  custom-house,  3  churches,  and  a 
Bumach-milU  Steamboats  ply  regularly  between  this  place 
and  Baltimore. 

Tappan,  Harrison  co.,  0.    See  Fbanklin. 

Tap'pan^  (or  Tap'paan^)  Bay,  or  Tap'pan^  Sea, 
an  expansion  of  the  Hudson  River  between  Rockland  and 
Westchester  cos.,  N.Y.  It  is  about  12  miles  long  and  3i 
miles  wide. 

Tappanooly,  tip-pi-noo'lee,  a  district  of  Sumatra,  on 
'»  fine  bay  on  the  W.  coivst,     Lat.  1°  43'  N. ;  Ion.  98°  45'  E. 

Tap'pantOAvn,  a  post-village  in  Orangetown  township, 
Rockland  co.,  N.Y.,  at  Tappan  Station  on  the  Northern 
■Railroad  of  New  Jersey  and  the  Jersey  City  A  Albany 
Railroad,  24  miles  N.  of  New  York,  and  about  IJ  miles 
W.  of  the  Hudson  River.  It  has  2  churches.  Major  Andr6 
was  here  tried  and  executed  as  a  spy  in  October,  1780. 

Tap'pul,  or  Tapal,  tap'pfil,  also  called  Tup'pul,  a 
•town  of  India,  in  Alighur,  40  miles  N.W.  of  Coel.   P.  6031. 

Taprobane,  the  ancient  name  of  Ceylon. 

Tap'tee^  Tup'tee,  or  Tap'ty,  a  river  of  India, 
rises  in  the  centre  of  the  peninsula,  near  Baitool,  flows  W. 
^through  the  S.  part  of  the  Gwalior  dominions  and  the  dis- 
•tricts  of  Candeish  and  Surat,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of  Cam- 
•bay  20  miles  W.  of  Surat.  The  principal  affluent  is  the 
'Poomah,  from  the  S.  It  is  navigable  only  a  short  distance 
'above  Surat. 

Taquari,  ti-kwi-ree',  written  also  Tacoary,  a  river 
of  Brazil,  province  of  Matto-Grosso,  flows  N.W.  and  S.W., 
and  joins  the  Paraguay  near  lat.  20°  20'  S.,  Ion.  58°  W. 
•'Total  course,  400  miles. 

Taquari,  ti-kwi-ree',  or  Tebicuari,ti-be-kwi-ree', 
•»  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the  province  of  Rio  Grande  do 
Sul,  in  lat.  18°S.,  flows  S.,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  140 
miles,  joins  the  Jacuhy.  It  is  navigated  by  small  craft  for 
about  80  miles. 

Tara,  tah'ra,  a  parish  of  Ireland,  in  Leinster,  co.  of 
iMeath,  2  miles  W.  of  Skreen.  The  hill  of  Tara  was  in 
antiquity  a  chief  seat  of  the  Irish  monarchs,  and  from  it 
was  originally  brought  the  famous  stone  long  used  in  the 
coronation  of  the  Scottish  kings  at  Scone.  It  is  now  in  the 
chair  of  Edward  the  Confessor,  at  AVestminster. 

Tara,  ti'ri,  a  river  of  Siberia,  joins  the  Irtish  25  miles 
S.E.  of  the  town  of  Tara,  after  a  W.  course  of  200  miles. 

Tara,  a  town  of  Siberia,  government  of  Tobolsk,  on 
the  Irtish,  135  miles  N.  of  Omsk.  Pop.  6469.  It  consists 
of  a  fortified  quarter  on  a  height,  and  a  suburb  on  the 
river-bank,  inhabited  by  Tartars,  who  carry  on  trade  with 
Toorkistan.  It  has  manufactures  of  leather,  hats,  and 
vitriol. 

Ta'ra,  a  post-hamlet  of  Webster  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Des 
Moines  <fe  Fort  Dodge  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Fort  Dodge. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory. 

Ta'ra,a  post-village  in  Bruce  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  river 
Au  Sauble,  16i  miles  S.W.  of  Owen  Sound.  It  contains  2 
'churches,  6  stores,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  a  woollen-mill, 
a  tannery,  4  sash-  and  door-factories,  a  fanning-mill-fac- 
- tory,  a  pump-factory,  cabinet-works,  lime-kilns,  a  carriage- 
factory,  agricultural  implement  works,  Ac.     Pop.  450. 


Tarabesoon,  or  Tarabozan.    See  Trebizoni».   > 

Tarabloofi,Tarablou8,orTarabliis.SeoTRiPot 

Taruclitclia,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Tarashcha, 

Tnrakai.    See  Tarrakai,  Bay  ok. 

Tarnkai,  nn  island  of  Asia.     See  Sagiialiic. 

Tarakli,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Tkhkkm. 

Taranaki,  New  Zealand.     See  New  Pi.vMoinn. 

Tarnncun,  ti-riln-kOn',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  at 
38  miles  W.  of  Cuenca.     Pop.  3393. 

Taraneh,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  Tekraneh. 

Taransay,  an  island  of  Scotland.    See  TARRi.<cur.  i 

Taranto,  ti'r4,n-to(0r.T«pM,  TapoiT^ot;  L.  I'uren'iHin 
a  fitrtified  city  and  seaport  of  Italy,  j)rovinco  of  Lecoe,  c 
an  island  formerly  a  peninsula,  sc))arating  the  Maro  Pii 
colo  (mi'ri  pik'ko-lo,  "Little  Sea"),  its  inner  harbor,  froi 
the  Gulf  of  Taranto,  or  Mare  Grande  (uii'ri,  grAn'di 
"Great  Sea"),  44  miles  W.S.W.  of  Brindisi.  Lat.  40°  2 
N. ;  Ion.  17°  15'  E.  Pop.  25,246.  The  city,  on  the  site  t' 
the  ancient  citadel,  is  of  an  oval  shape,  and  has  a  cathedra' 
several  other  churches  and  convents,  a  dioccran  »chou| 
orphan  asylum,  hospitals,  manufactures  of  linen  and  cuttul 
fabrics  and  velvets,  and  a  considerable  trade  in  olive  oi 
fruits,  cotton,  and  shell-fish,  which  last  abound  here  in  grcil 
variety.  The  inner  harbor  is  excellent  as  respects  botl 
depth  and  security,  but  the  entrance  has  become  so  choke| 
that  it  is  accessible  only  by  boats.  The  outer  harbor,  ij 
Mare  Grande,  is  safe,  extensive,  and  defended  by  the  islftml 
of  St.  Peter  and  St.  Pau'.  The  channel  between  them  i 
crossed  by  a  bridge  160  yards  in  length,  over  which  is  ni 
aqueduct  conveying  water  to  the  city  from  Mutina,  12  niilr 
distant;  and  here  are  the  remains  of  an  amphitheatre  anj 
a  few  other  antiquities.  Tarentum,  reputed  to  have  bcc 
founded  by  colonists  from  Sparta  about  n.c.  700,  was  Ion 
a  wealthy  seat  of  commerce,  literature,  and  science.    Bi 

QULK  OF  TaUANTO. 

Tarapac^,  ti-rl-pi-kS,',  a  town  of  Chili,  on  a  river,  ]i 
miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  145  mile 
S.E.  of  Ho. 

Tarapacd,  a  former  department  in  the  extreme  S.  of 
Peru,  noted  for  its  wealth  in  salitcr  and  borax.  It  noi 
belongs  to  Chili.    It  is  an  arid  region.     Pop.  42,000. 

Tarapia,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Trerapia. 

Tarapoto,  a  town  of  Peru,  70  miles  S.S.E.  of  Moyrf 
bamba.     It  has  a  cotton-factory.     Pop.  5350. 

Tarare,  tiVan',  a  town  of  France,  in  Rh&ne,  27  mile 
by  rail  W.N. W.  of  Lyons.  Pop.13,563.  It  has  a  chamber  o 
commerce,  and  extensive  manufactures  of  plain  and  figure 
muslins,  plush,  velvet,  and  other  silk  stulfs,  mostly  con 
ducted  in  the  homes  of  the  weavers,  whose  condition  I 
among  the  best  of  any  in  France. 

Tarascon,  tiVis'k6N<''  (anc.  Taruscon  or  Tarateon,), 
town  of  France,  in  Bouches-du-Rhone,  on  the  left  bank  c 
the  Rhone,  opposite  Beaucairc,  with  which  it  communicate 
by  a  suspension-bridge,  12  miles  .S.W.  of  Avignon.  L«l 
43°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  4°  40'  E.  Pop.  7777.  It  has  a  communa 
college,  a  church  of  the  eleventh  century,  theatre,  tow: 
hall,  court-house,  barracks,  hospitals,  manufactures  o 
woollen  and  silk  fabrics,  brandy,  and  leather,  some  boat 
building,  and  an  active  general  trade.  Near  it  are  larg 
nursery-grounds.  Teasels,  madder,  and  almonds  are  raisei 
extensively  in  the  vicinity. 

Tarascon-sur-Ari6ge,  tiVis'k6s»'-gUR-lVe-alih' 
a  town  of  France,  in  Ariege,  8  miles  S.  of  Foix,  on  th 
right  bank  of  the  Arifige.  Pop.  1513.  It  has  iron-forge 
and  tanneries. 

Tarashcha,  Tarachtcha,  or  Taraschtscha,  t4 
rlsh'chi,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  60  miles  S.  o; 
Kiev.     Pop.  11,420. 

Tarasp,  ti'risp',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  oi 
Orisons,  in  the  Engadine,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Inn,  abnu 
10  miles  N.E.  of  Cernetz,  4265  feet  above  the  sea.  It  has  ; 
mineral  spring,  with  hotcl%and  lodging-houses. 

TaraAvay,  ti'ri-wi',  written  also  Knoy,  an  island  ii 
the  North  Pacific,  in  the  Gilbert  Archipelago.  Lat.  1'  iV 
N.;  Ion.  173°  5'  E.     It  is  20  miles  long. 

Tarazona,  ti-ri-tho'ni  (anc.  Turia'to  or  Turiat'io) 
a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  52  miles  W.N.W.  of  Saru 
gossa,  on  the  Queiles.  Lat.  41°  55'  N. ;  Ion.  1°  43' W 
Pop.  8261.  It  has  a  cathedral,  4  parish  churches,  a  bish 
op's  palace,  hospital,  and  poor-houso,  with  manufactures  ol 
coarse  woollens,  caps,  and  leather. 

Tarazona  do  la  Maiicha,  tfl-ri-tho'ni  di  ii  min' 
ch4,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  25  miles  N.  of  Albaccte 
with  4199  inhabitiints,  and  manufactures  of  printed  cottOD 
and  handkerchiefs. 

Tarbagatai,  tan-bl-gi-ti',  or  Tarbagtai,  tan-big 
ti'  (Chinese,  Soui-Tsing-Chitig,  soo'co-tsing-ching),  asmal 


TAR 


2587 


TAR 


i  territory  of  Chinese  Toorkistan,  between  Kooldja  and  the 
i  Siberian  province  of  Seinipalatinsk.  Its  chief  town,  Tchoo- 
I  goochak,  was  once  important. 

Tarbagatai,  taii-b4-gS,-ti',  a  mountain-chain  of  Asia, 
j  chiefly  in  the  llussiau  province  of  Semipalatinsk,  but  form- 
ing part  of  its  boundary,  and  dividing  it  from  Chinese  ter- 
iritories,  between  Lakes  Zaisan  and  Balkash. 
I  Tarbena,  tan-Bi'nA,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Valencia, 
i  province  and  about  36  miles  N.E.  of  Alicante.  Pop.  1973. 
j  Tar'bert,  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland,  in  Munster,  co. 
I  of  Kerry,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Shannon,  near  its  mouth,  4 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Glin.     Pop.  1024. 

I  Tarbert,  Locii,  Scotland.  See  East  Loch  Tarbert 
;and  West  Loch  Tarbert. 

Tarbes,  taub  (anc.  Tur'ba  or  Tarlel'licx),  a  town  of 
,  France,  capital  of  the  department  of  nautes-Pyr6n6es,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Adour,  23  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pau.  Pop. 
■11,080.  It  is  situated  in  a  fine  plain,  and  separated  into 
(three  nearly  equal  parts  by  two  large  open  spaces.  Tarbes 
jhas  a  public  library,  a  catliedral,  a  lj/c£e  or  college,  a  cham- 
iber  of  commerce,  a  forest  board,  schools  of  design  and 
'  .xrciiitecture,  manufactures  of  copper-wares,  cutlery,  and 
.  paper,  a  national  stud,  an  active  trade  in  horses,  and  ex- 
tensive markets  every  fortnight. 

Tarbet,  Loch,  Scotland.    See  East  Loch  Tarbet. 

Tar'bet  Island,  Ireland,  in  Connaught,  co.  of  Galway, 
is  off  the  "W.  coast,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Achris  Head. 

Tarbet  Ness,  a  promontory  of  Scotland,  cos.  of  Ross 
and  Cromarty,  separating  Dornoch  and  Moray  Firths, 

Tar'bolton,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  on  the 
Faile,  8  miles  S.  of  Kilmarnock.  Pop.  829.  It  has  a 
church,  a  subscription  library,  and  manufactures  of  cotton, 
woollen,  and  linen  fabrics. 

Tarborough,  tar'bilr-riih,  a  post-hamlet  of  Camden 
CO.,  Ga.,  15  miles  from  Waynes ville.  It  has  a  church,  and 
la  manufactory  of  naval  stores. 

Tarborough,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Edgecombe  co., 
N.C.,  in  Tarborough  township,  on  the  Tar  River,  about  70 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Raleigh.  It  contains  2  academies,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  bank,  and  8  churches.  Small  vessels 
can  ascend  the  river  to  this  place,  and  a  short  branch  ccn- 
'nocts  it  with  the  Wilmington  <fc  Weldon  Railroad.  Pop.  in 
)1880,  1600;  of  the  township,  3746. 

Tardeiiois,  tan^d^h-nwi',  an  old  district  of  France, 
now  included  in  the  department  of  Aisne.  Its  capital  was 
I  Fe  re-en-Tardenois. 

Tardes,  tand,  a  river  of  France,  in  Creuse,  flows  cir- 
cuitously  N.N.E.,  and  joins  the  Cher  on  the  left.  Total 
course,  40  miles. 

Tardoire,  tan'dwaR',  or  Tardoufere,  taRMoo-ain',  a 
iriver  of  France,  departments  of  Haute- Vienne  and  Charente, 
after  a  W.  course  of  40  miles,  joins  the  Bandiat  3  miles 
N.AV.  of  La  Rochcfoucault.  It  turns  many  mills,  and  along 
its  banks  are  numerous  curious  caverns. 
I     Tareni,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Tarom. 

Tareiitum,  the  Latin  name  of  Taranto. 

Tareii'tum,  a  post-borough  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the  Western  Pennsylvania  di- 
vision of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  21  miles  N.E.  of  Pitts- 
iburg.  It  has  a  national  bank,  a  graded  school,  and  5 
churches. 

Targee  Pass.    See  Tyghee  Pass. 

Targu-Vestea,  Roumania.    See  Tergovist. 
'     Tar  Hill,  or  Tar  Heel,  apost-office  of  Bladen  co.,  N.C. 

Tarifa,  ti-ree'fi  (anc.  Ju'lia  Jo'ga?),  a  seaport  town 
of  Spain,  at  its  southern  extremity,  on  the  Strait  of  Gib- 
raltar, province  of  Seville,  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Gibraltar, 
with  a  light-house  and  modern  fort  on  a  rocky  island,  con- 
.nected  with  the  mainland  by  a  causeway,  in  lat.  36°  N., 
Ion.  5°  36'  W.  Pop.  5949.  The  town  has  a  Moorish  ap- 
pearance; it  is  defended  by  an  old  castle  built  by  the 
Moors,  and  has  large  barracks  and  storehouses,  tanneries 
and  potteries,  and  one  of  the  most  active  tunny-  iind  an- 
chovy-fisheries in  Spain.  Its  harbor  is  unfit  for  largo  ves- 
sels, but  is  frequented  by  numerous  coasters.  Tarifa  was 
long  a  military  post  of  importance  to  the  Moors,  as  it  now 
is  to  the  Spaniards. 

Tarifa,  ti-ree'f4,  a  village  of  the  Isthmus  of  Tehuante- 
pec,  Mexico,  on  the  river  Tarifa,  an  affluent  of  the  Coat- 
zacoalcos. 

Tariffville,  tar'if-vil,  a  post-village  in  Simsbury  town- 
ship, Hartford  co..  Conn.,  on  the  Farmington  River,  on  the 
iConneoticut  Western  Railroad,  and  near  the  New  Haven 
<fc  Northampton  Railroad,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Hartford. 
It  contains  3  churches  and  a  high  school,  and  has  ample 
water-power.  The  river  here  breaks  through  the  Talcott 
Mountains  and  presents  attractive  scenery. 


Tarija,  or  Tarlxa,  ti-ree'nl,  a  department  of  Bolivia, 
between  lat.  21°  and  22°  S.,  Ion.  62°  and  67°  W.,  having 
S.  the  Argentine  Republic,  and  N.  the  river  Pilcomayo, 
separating  it  from  the  departments  of  Chuquisaca  and  Santa 
Cruz.  Estimated  area,  12,000  square  miles.  It  contains 
many  fertile  valleys,  producing  wheat,  maize,  yerha  maU, 
cacao,  and  flax. 

Tarija,  or  Tarixa,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  capital  of  the 
above  department,  on  the  river  Tarija,  an  affluent  of  the 
Verraejo,  80  miles  S.E.  of  Cinti.     Pop.  5680. 

Tarini,  ti-recm',  a  river  of  Eastern  Toorkistan,  is  sup- 

{)Osed  to  receive  the  waters  of  the  Yurung-Kash,  Zerafshaii, 
vashgar,  Aksoo,  Yarkand,  and  otlicr  important  streams. 
It  flows  E.  and  S.E.  to  the  Lop  Nor. 

Tar'keo,  a  post-office  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind.,  6  miles  S. 
of  Grecnsburg. 

Tarkiln,  tar'kil,  a  station  in  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  on 
the  Providence  &  Springfield  Railroad,  17  miles  N.W.  of 
Providence. 

Tarkiln  Creek,  near  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Cumber- 
land CO.,  N.J.,  falls  into  Delaware  Bay. 

Tark'ington's  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-office  of 
Liberty  co.,  Tex. 

Tarkio,  tar'ke-o,  a  post-hamlet  of  Page  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Tarkio  township,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  about  lU 
miles  W.  of  Clarinda.     Pop.  of  the  township,  688. 

Tarkio,  a  township  of  Atchison  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1120, 

Tarkio  River  rises  in  Montgomery  co.,  Iowa,  anj 
runs  southward  into  the  state  of  Missouri.  It  intersectsi 
the  COS.  of  Atchison  and  Holt,  and  enters  the  Missouri  Rivc^ 
about  10  miles  S.E.  of  Oregon.     It  is  nearly  140  miles  long. 

Tar  Land'ing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Onslow  co.,  N.C,  52 
miles  N.E.  of  Wilmington.  It  has  a  church  and  a  turpen- 
tine-distillery. 

Tari'ton,  a  post-village  in  Salt  Creek  township,  Pick- 
away CO.,  0.,  about  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lancaster,  and  11 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Circleville.     It  has  6  churches,     P.  407, 

Tarma,  tan'mi,  a  town  of  Peru,  department  and  25 
miles  S.  of  Junin,  in  a  healthy  valley  of  the  Andes.  It 
has  mines  of  silver  and  mercury.     Pop,  about  6000, 

Tarn,  taRn  (anc.  Tar'nia),  a  river  of  France,  rises  in 
Mount  Lozere,  flows  W.  through  the  departments  of  Avey- 
ron.  Tarn,  and  Tarn-ct-Garonne,  and  joins  the  Garonne  on 
the  right,  3  miles  W.  of  Moissac.  Length,  220  miles.  Afflu^ 
ents,  on  the  left,  the  Agout;  on  the  right,  the  Aveyron. 

Tarn,  a  department  in  the  S.W.  of  France,  formed  of 
part  of  the  old  province  of  Upper  Languedoc,  surroundccl 
by  the  departments  of  IKrault,  Aude,  Haute-Garonnc, 
Tarn-et-Garonne,  and  Aveyron,  Area,  2185  square  miles. 
Pop.  in  1881,  359,223.  It  is  traversed  by  ramifications  of 
the  Cevcnnes  Mountains  in  the  S.E.;  the  rest  has  undu- 
lating hills  and  fine  plains.  Chief  rivers,  the  Tarn,  Agout, 
and  Aveyron.  One-seventh  of  the  surface  is  covered  by 
forests.  The  soil  is  fertile  in  grain  and  fruits  ;  wine  is 
made  of  good  quality;  cattle  and  sheep  are  extensively 
reared ;  the  horses  are  celebrated.  It  has  mines  of  coal, 
copper,  iron,  and  lead.  Chief  manufactures,  woollens, 
leather,  and  paper.  The  department  is  divided  into  tho 
arrondissements  of  Albi,  Castres,  Gaillac,  and  Lavaur, 
Capital,  Albi. 

Tarnanaruvo,  Madagascar.     See  Tananaritoo. 

Tarn-et-Garonne,  taRn-i-giVonn',  a  department 
in  the  S.W.  of  France,  formed  of  part  of  the  old  province 
of  Guienne,  and  surrounded  by  the  departments  of  Avey- 
ron, Tarn,  Garonne,  Gers,  Lot-et-Garonne,  and  Lot.  Area, 
1405  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1881,  217,056,  Surface  undu- 
lating, and  watered  by  the  Garonne,  Tarn,  and  Aveyronl 
Soil  fertile  in  the  plains.  The  staple  products  are  cerca) 
grains,  hemp,  flax,  and  fruits.  The  vine  succeeds  welU 
Horses  and  mules  are  extensively  reared.  The  department 
is  divided  into  the  arrondissements  of  Montauban,  Causr 
sade,  Castel-Sarrasin,  and  Moissac.     Capital,  Montauban. ' 

Tarnopol,  taR-no'pol,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galieia,  on 
tho  Sered,  80  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lemberg.  Pop.  17,210.  It 
has  a  gymnasium,  and  Roman  Catholic  and  Greek  united 
churches. 

Tarnow,  taR'nov,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galieia,  on  th« 
Biala,  135  miles  W.  of  Lemberg.  Pop.  8459.  It  is  a 
bishop's  see,  and  has  manufactures  of  linen  and  leather. 

Tarnowitz,  taR'no-<^its\  or  Tarnowsky-Gura^ 
taR-nov'skee-goo'ri,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  45  miles 
S.E.  of  Oppeln.  Pop.  7249.  It  has  manufactures  of 
woollen  and  linen  fiibrics.     Near  it  are  various  mines. 

Taro,  ti'ro  (anc.  Ta'rus),  a  river  of  North  Italy,  joins 
tho  Po  7  miles  W.  of  Casal-Maggiore,  after  a  N.E.  course 
of  55  miles.     Affluents,  the  Zeno  and  Stirone.     ' 

Taroduuum,  WUrtcmberg,    See  Dorsstetten. 


TAlt 


2588 


TAS 


Tarom,  t&Vom',  written  also Taarein,Tareni, and 

Tarouiif  a  town  of  Pergia,  province  of  Furs,  06  uiilcs 
B.S.E.  of  Shoorai.  Pop.  3000.  It  is  enclosed  by  a  wall, 
surrounded  by  a  fosse,  and  entered  by  a  single  gate.  It  baa 
several  mosques. 

Taroodnntf  or  Tarondant.    See  Terodant. 

Tarpau'lin  Cove,  a  harbor  of  Dukes  co.,  Mass.,  on 
the  E.  side  of  Naushon,  the  largest  of  the  Elizabeth  Islands. 
It  has  a  lixod  light,  80  foet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Lat. 
41°  26'  10"  N.;  Ion.  70°  46'  6"  W. 

Tar'poiif  a  post-office  of  Buchanan  co.,  Va. 

Tar'porley«  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  10  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Chester.  Pop.  1243.  The  town  is  pleasantly 
situated,  and  has  a  national  school,  endowed  almshouses, 
and  other  charities. 

Tarput'try,  a  town  of  India,  on  the  Pannair,  district 
and  60  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bellary.     Pop.  8312. 

Tarr,  or  Tarr's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Southwestern  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  at  Tarr's 
Station,  12^  miles  S.  of  Grecnsburg.  It  has  a  coal-mine 
and  coke-works. 

Tarragona,  taR-R&-go'n&  (anc.  Tar'raeo),  a  seaport 
city  of  Spain,  capital  of  a  province,  on  a  lofty  rock  ut  the 
mouth  of  the  Francoli  in  the  Mediterranean,  52  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Barcelona.  Pop.  18,023.  It  occupies  only  a 
small  portion  of  its  ancient  site ;  has  an  upper  and  a  lower 
town,  on  a  hill  sloping  to  the  sea;  is  enclosed  by  walls  and 
ramparts,  entered  oy  6  gates,  and  defended  by  2  castles.  It 
has  a  cathedral,  very  richly  adorned  internally,  an  arch- 
bishop's palace,  hospital,  seminary,  academies  of  design 
and  naval  architecture,  barracks,  theatre,  and  manufac- 
tures of  coarse  cloth,  hats,  barrels,  soap,  and  spirits,  with  a 
large  export  trade  in  Barcelona  nuts,  almonds,  wine,  brandy, 
and  cork.  It  has  a  great  mole,  finished  in  1S74.  Remains 
of  an  amphitheatre,  a  circus,  an  aqueduct,  Ac,  attest  the 
importance  of  Tarraco  in  the  time  of  the  Romans. 

Tarrngona,  a  province  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  bounded 
S.  by  the  Mediterranean  Sea,  along  which  it  stretches  about 
90  miles.     Area,  2451  square  miles.     Pop.  350,395. 

Tarrakai  (or  Tarakai),  taR'ni-ki',  Bay  of,  a  name 
Bometiraes  given  to  the  Gulf  of  Tartary.     S«e  Saghamx. 

Tar'rant,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
area  of  about  800  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
M'cst  Fork  of  the  Trinity  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the 
Clear  Fork  and  the  Denton  Fork,  which  touches  the  N.E. 
part  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests  of  ash,  pecan,  walnut,  oak, 
Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cattle,  Indian  corn,  oats,  pork, 
and  cotton  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Fort 
Worth.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $1,145,457. 
Pop.  in  1870,  5788;  in  1880,  24.671. 

Tarrasa,  taR-R&'s&  (anc.  Egara  T),  a  town  of  Spain, 

Province  and  15  miles  N.N.W.  of  Barcelona.  Pop.  8721. 
t  has  manufactures  of  kerseymeres,  broadcloths,  and 
flannels. 

Tarrega,  tan-R^'g^,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  25 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Lerida.     Pop.  3719. 

Tarr  Farm,  a  post-hamlet  of  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Cornplanter  township,  on  Oil  Creek,  and  on  the  Oil  Creek  & 
Alleghany  River  Railroad,  5J  miles  N.  of  Oil  City.  Petro- 
leum is  Obtained  here. 

Tar'rinsay,  or  Tar'ansay,  an  island  of  the  Outer 
Hebrides,  Scotland,  co.  of  Inverness,  off  the  entrance  of 
West  Loch  Tarbert,  Harris.  Length,  4i  miles.  Surface 
mountainous  and  sterile. 

Tar  River,  North  Carolina,  rises  in  Granville  co., 
runs  southeastward  through  the  cos.  of  Franklin,  Nash, 
Edgecombe,  and  Pitt,  and  enters  Pamlico  Sound  through  a 
wide  estuary.  Its  length  is  estimated  at  220  miles.  The 
lower  part  of  it  is  called  the  Pamlico  River. 

Tarr's,  a  post-office  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.  See  Tarr. 

Tarryall  (t&r're-all)  Creek,  Colorado,  rises  near  the 
base  of  Mount  Hamilton,  flows  southeastward  in  the  South 
Park,  and  enters  the  South  Platte  River.  It  is  48  miles 
long,  and  falls  4200  feet. 

Tar'ry's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mecklenburg  co.,  Va. 
It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Tarrytown,  tSr're-t5wn,  a  post-village  in  Greenburg 
township,  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River,  here 
called  Tappan  Sea,  26  miles  above  New  York,  with  which 
it  is  connected  by  the  Hudson  River  Railroad.  It  is  beauti- 
fully situated  on  the  side  of  a  hill,  and  contains  9  churches, 
a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  fine  hotel,  several  large 
summer  boarding-houses,  many  fine  villas,  2  newspaper 
offices,  an  academy,  and  Cottage  Hill  Seminary,  and  has 
manufactures  of  shoes,  pumps,  tinners'  tools,  &c.     Major 


Andr6  was  captured  near  this  place  in  1780.  The  soeoa  ot 
Irving's  story  of  Rip  Van  Winkle  is  laid  in  this  vioinitrl 
Pop.  in  1880,  3025.  ' 

Tarsia,  tan'8o-&,  a  town  of  Italy,  provinoo  of  Coientk, 
13  miles  S.S.B.  of  Castrovillari.  Severino,  a  celebrated 
anatomist,  was  born  here.     Pop.  1964. 

Tar'sus  (Turk.  Taraooi  or  Tanout,  tar'soos'),  a  oitr 
of  Asia  Minor,  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Adana,  on  the  river 
Cydnus,  12  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Mediterranean 
Lat.  36°  56'  30"  N. ;  Ion.  34°  68'  45"  E.  Permanent  pop! 
7000 ;  but  in  winter  it  is  reported  to  have  30,000  inhabitants! 
The  modern  town,  partly  surrounded  by  a  wall,  covers  only 
a  portion  of  the  ancient  site.  The  houses  arc  low,  mostly 
of  stone,  terrace-roofed,  and  built  of  the  materials  of  anoient 
structures.  Principal  edifices,  a  castle  built  by  Bayazeed 
several  mosques,  caravansaries,  public  baths,  and  an  an- 
cient church.  Various  remains  of  antiquity  exist  in  and 
around  the  city.  The  Cydnus  is  navigable  only  for  small 
boats,  and  large  vessels  anchor  in  the  roadstead  of  Mersina, 
8  miles  AV.  Its  vicinity  is  highly  productive  in  corn  and 
cotton,  which  articles,  with  wool,  copper,  gall-nuts,  wax, 
goats'  hair,  skins,  hides,  and  hair  sacks,  form  the  chief  ex- 
ports of  Tarsus ;  the  principal  imports  being  rice,  sugar, 
coffee,  and  hardwares,  from  Arabia  and  the  Mediterranean. 
According  to  some  ancient  authors,  this  city  was  founded 
by  the  Assyrian  king  Sardanapalus.  It  was  taken  by  both 
Cyrus  and  Alexander,  and  was  the  birthplace  of  St.  Paul, 
the  stoic  Antipater,  and  the  philosopher  Athenodorus. 

Tartaro,  taR-tiU'ro,  a  river  of  Italy,  flows  S.,  and  then 
E.,  and  unites  with  the  Ciistagnaro  in  forming  the  Blanoo 
Canal.     Total  course,  60  miles. 

Tar'tary,  a  vast  region  of  Asia  ond  Europe,  in  its 
widest  acceptation  extending  from  the  Sea  of  Japan  to  ths 
river  Dnieper,  and  thus  comprising  Manchooria,  Mongolis, 
Soongaria,  and  Thian-Shan,  in  the  Chinese  Empire,  the 
states  of  Ferghana,  Khoondooz,  Bokhara,  and  KlJiva,  the 
Kirghecz  Territory,  a  large  part  of  South  Siberia,  and  the 
Russian  governments  N.  of  the  Caspian  and  Black  Sens.  It 
also  comprises  part  of  the  ancient  Sarmalia.  See  the  sev- 
eral articles  relating  to  those  territories;  also  TooitKiSTAl.i 

Tartary,  Crim,  Russia.    See  Crimea. 

Tartary,  Gulf  of.    See  Saghalin. 

Tartar,  taii'ti',  a  town  of  France,  in  Landes,  on  the 
Midouze,  15  miles  S.AV.  of  Mont-de-Marsan.  Pop.  1884. 
It  has  large  safi'ron-grcunds  in  its  vicinity,  and  an  octire 
trade. 

Tartoma,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Dorpat. 

Tarudant,  a  town  of  Morocco.    See  Terodant. 

Taruman,  a  town  of  Sumatra.    See  Troomon. 

Tarus,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Taro. 

Taruscon,  a  town  of  France.     See  Tarascok. 

Tarut,  Gulf  of  Bahrein.    See  Tirhoot. 

Tar'versville,  a  post-office  of  Twiggs  co.,  Ga. 

Tarvis,  taR'vis,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Carinthia,  16 
miles  S.W.  of  Villach.  Pop.  1099.  Near  it  are  iron-works, 
mines  of  lead  and  zinc,  and  the  Tarvis  Pass  across  the  Car- 
nic  Alps.  Here  the  French,  under  Massena,  defeated  the 
Austrians  on  the  25th  of  March,  1797. 

Tarvisiurn,  the  ancient  name  of  Treviso. 

Tarzo,  tan'zo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Treviso, 
district  of  Vittoria.     Pop.  3731. 

Taschow,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Tachau. 

Tasco,  t&s'ko,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  and  70  milet 
S.W.  of  Mexico.    It  has  mines  of  silver. 

Tasco,  tis'ko,  a  village  of  the  United  States  of  Colom- 
bia, state  of  Boyaca,  province  of  Tunja. 

Tash  (or  Tasch)  Ajakjtishi'jik',  a  town  of  Central 
Asia,  so  close  to  Khiva  as  to  be  almost  its  suburb.  It  is 
an  old  place,  and  was  once  of  considerable  importance,  but 
a  large  part  of  it  has  been  buried  by  sands. 

Tashbalik,  tish'bl-leek',  a  town  of  Chinese  ToorkU- 
tan,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Kashgar. 

"Tasheka,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Kolyvah. 

Tash  (or  Tasch)  Ilaus,  tLsh  hSws,  a  town  of  Central 
Asia,  khanat  and  42  miles  N.W.  of  Khiva,  on  a  canal  led 
from  the  Araoo-Darya.  It  lies  high,  and  has  about  300 
earthen  huts,  a  castle  of  the  khan,  and  a  fortress. 

Tashkend,  tish^kfind'.  written  also  Tashkent  and 
Taschkend,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia,  in  Syr-Darya,  90 
miles  N.W.  of  Khokan,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Jaxartes.  It 
is  reported  to  be  enclosed  by  a  high  brick  wall,  entered  by 
12  gates,  and  intersected  by  canals.  It  has  a  garrison, 
many  mosques,  and  other  public  buildings.     Pop.  86,233.^ 

Tash-Kupree,  tish-koo'pree*  (the  "stone  bridge"), 
written  also  Tash-Kupri  and  Tash-Kopri,a  town  ol 
Asia  Minor,  52  miles  S.W.  of  Sinope.  It  is  reported  tc 
have  1500  houses,  several  baths  and  khans,  manufactures'" 


TAS 


2589 


TAT 


j leather  and  iron-wares,  and  some  remains  of  the  ancient 
IPompeiop'olia. 

Tashkiir^an,  Asia.    See  KnooLOOsf. 
i     Tashlidje,  t^sh'Ie-jd,,  written  also  Toshlidscha,  a 

jtown  of  Bosnia,  66  miles  S.E.  of  Bosna-Serai,  and  N.W.  of 
iNovi-Bazar.     Pop.  4000.     It  is  the  see  of  a  Greek  bishop. 

Tashun,  ti'shoon'  (?),  a  ruined  town  of  Persia,  in 
Khoozislan,  18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Behbehan.  It  was  once 
important. 

Ta-Siue- Shan,  or  Ta-Siue-Chan,  tS.*see-w4^- 
shin'  (I'.e.,  "great  snow  mountain"),  a  mountain  of  China, 
province  of  Se-Chuen.  Lat.  30°  13'  N.;  Ion.  102°  24'  E. 
It  is  covered  with  perpetual  snow. 

Tasmania,  taz-ma'ne-a  (formerly  Van  Diemen's 
(deo'm?nz)  Land),  a  British  colony  of  the  South  Pacific, 
forming  a  large  heart-shaped  island,  off  the  southernmost 
i)oint  of  Australia,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  Bass's 
iStrait,  129  miles  wide.  It  is  comprised  between  lat.  40°  38' 
and  43°  40'  S.  and  Ion.  144°  40'  and  148°  20'  E.,  with  an 
extent  of  200  miles  from  N.  to  S.,  and  an  extreme  length  of 
200  miles  from  E.  to  W.  Area,  26,215  square  miles.  Pop. 
in  1881,  115,705.  The  central  part  of  the  island  is  a  table- 
land, averaging  3000  feet  above  the  sea,  on  which  are  seven 
lakes,  varying  in  size  from  2500  to  50,000  acres.  The 
scenery  is  diversified  with  lofty  mountains  and  immense 
forests,  particularly  over  the  western  parts,  which  are  still 
all  but  uninhabited.  In  many  cases  the  trees  reach  the 
height  of  350  feet  and  are  of  vast  girth.  Of  the  eastern 
mountain-range,  Ben -Lomond  is  5000  feet  in  elevation, 
Mount  Barrow  4644  feet,  and  Mount  Wellington,  a  mag- 
nificent pile,  rising  close  to  the  sea-level  behind  Hobart 
Town,  4166  feet.  The  western  range  has  Cradle  Mountain, 
6069  feet;  Frenchman's  Cap,  4756  feet;  Dry's  Bluff,  4257 
feet;  and  Valentine's  Peak,  which  is  seen  60  miles  off,  4000 
feet.  The  chief  rivers  are,  in  the  S.,  the  Derwent  and  its 
branches  and  the  Huon,  and,  in  the  N.,  the  Tamar,  formed 
by  the  confluence  of  the  North  and  South  Esk.  The  chief 
harbors  are  Storm  Bay,  leading  to  Hobart  Town,  and  Mac- 
quarie  Harbor,  on  the  W.  coast.  The  soil  is  good;  but, 
owing  to  the  prevalence  of  the  forest,  the  labor  of  clearing 
has  been  very  great,  and  the  total  area  of  land  in  cultivation 
jis  about  350,000  acres,  yielding  of  wheat  about  1,250,000 
jbushels  and  of  oats  about  1,000,000  bushels  per  annum. 
trhe  principal  minerals  are  gold,  lead,  copper,  iron,  tin, 
coal,  and  precious  stones.  Coal  exists  in  nearly  every  part 
|of  Tasmania.  The  mines  chiefly  wrought  hitherto  are  situ- 
Ifttcd  in  Tasman's  Peninsula,  but  it  is  believed  that  coal- 
(beds  of  far  greater  value  exist  in  other  parts  of  the  island. 
[Anthracite  is  abundant  on  the  southern  side  of  the  island. 
The  small  quantity  of  gold  hitherto  found  was  obtained 
near  Fingal,  though  it  is  probable  that  the  whole  country 
is  more  or  less  auriferous.  Iron  ore  of  excellent  quality 
abounds  all  over  the  colony,  while  galena  and  ores  of  tin, 
jbismuth,  and  copper  are  found  in  different  places.  The 
[forests  yield  inexhaustible  supplies  of  valuable  timber 
ladapted  for  house-  and  ship-building.  The  climate  is 
palubrious  and  delightful.  At  Port  Arthur,  in  Tasman's 
[Peninsula,  lat.  43°  10'  S.,  the  mean  temperature  of  the 
ear  is  58°  Fahr.,  of  the  coldest  month,  53°,  of  the  warm- 
ist,  62° ;  mean  temperature  of  the  whole  island,  about 
3°.  The  average  annual  rainfall  in  the  island  is  about  21 
nches.  The  staple  products  are  wool,  grain,  fruit,  and 
Imber.  The  live-stock  number  as  follows  :  sheep,  1,500,000; 
battle,  125,000 ;  horses,  25,000.  Exports  per  annum,  about 
£1,800,000.  Chief  items,  wool,  bark,  timber,  flour,  fruit, 
vegetables,  wheat,  oats,  hides,  skins  and  leather,  and  sperm 
oil.  Imports,  £1,500,000.  About  1400  vessels,  of  700,000 
tons,  enter  and  clear  the  port  annually.  The  whaling- 
trade  is  a  branch  of  industry  which  yields  to  the  colony 
about  £60,000  a  year.  Gross  revenue,  about  £700,000  ;  ex- 
penditure, £600,000.  The  public  debt  of  the  colony  in  1886 
was  £4,026,720.  Including  Flinders  and  Barren  Isles,  it 
is  divided  into  19  counties.  The  chief  towns  are  Hobart 
Town  (the  capital),  in  the  S.,  Launceston,  in  the  N.,  at  the 
head  of  the  'Tamar  navigation,  Richmond,  on  Coal  River, 
Longford,  Perth,  Westbury,  Oatlands,  New  Norfolk,  Ac.  The 
island  has  an  extensive  system  of  electric  telegraph,  and 
in  August,  1859,  a  cable  was  laid  across  Bass's  Strait.  In 
1879  it  had  179  miles  of  railway  and  920  miles  of  telegraph 
line  open.  In  common  with  the  adjacent  colonies,  Tas- 
mania enjoys  self-government.  The  governor  is  appointed 
by  the  queen,  and  there  are  two  houses  of  legislature,  both 
being  elective,  but  upon  different  qualifications.  The  island 
was  discovered  by  Tasman  in  1642,  and  named  Van  Die- 
men's  Land,  in  honor  of  the  Dutch  governor  of  the  East 
Indies.  It  was  afterwards  partly  explored  by  Cook  in  1769. 
The  first  penal  settlement  formed  there  was  in  1803,  but 


in  1852,  penal  transportation  having  been  abolished,  the 
name  of  the  colony  was  changed  to  Tasmania. 

Tasman's  (tiz'manz)  Bay,  an  inlet  on  the  N.  coast 
of  South  Island,  New  Zealand. 

Tasman's  Peninsula,  in  Tasmania,  co.  of  Pem- 
broke, is  connected  N.  with  Forester's  Peninsula.  Length, 
24  miles;  breadth,  18  miles.  On  its  N.  and  W.  sides  are 
Norfolk  and  Storm  Bays.  Capes  Raoul  and  Pillar  form  its 
S.W.  and  S.E.  extremities. 

Tasnnd,  tSsh'nAd',  or  Trestenburg,  tr5s't?n-booRG', 
a  town  of  Transylvania,  co.  of  Szolnok,  15  miles  S.E.  of 
Nagy  Karoly.     Pop.  7059. 

Tassin,  tis'sin  or  tis^seen',  a  town  of  West  Africa,  on 
a  deep  and  rapid  river,  80  miles  N.E.  of  Free  Town.  It  is 
a  large  place,  fenced  with  mud  walls  pierced  for  musketry. 

Tassinong,  tass'^-nSng,  a  post-hamlet  of  Porter  co., 
Ind.,  in  Morgan  township,  about  28  miles  S.S.W.  of  L« 
Porte.     It  has  a  church  and  a  plough- factory. 

Tassisudon,  tis'see-soo-don',  a  capital  town  of  Bootan, 
in  a  valley  of  the  Himalayas,  near  the  Thibet  frontier.  Lat. 
27°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  89°  40'  E.  It  has  a  fortified  palace  of  the 
Deb-rajah. 

Tasswitz,  tiss'-^its,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Moravia, 
32  miles  N.W.  of  Znaym.     Pop.  1160. 

Tatacoto,  Pacific  Ocean.     See  Narcissus. 

Tatamagouche,  ti-ti-mi-goosh',  a  town  of  Colches- 
ter CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  a  fine  harbor  on  Northumberland 
Strait,  30  miles  N.  of  Truro,  and  18  miles  from  Wentworth. 
It  has  12  stores,  and  in  the  vicinity  are  freestone-quarries 
and  copper-mines.    Ship-building  is  engaged  in.    Pop.  500. 

Tatar  Bazardjik,  ti'tar'  b4^zar-jeek',  a  town  of 
Eastern  Roumelia,  23  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Philippopolis,  on 
the  Maritza,  between  Belgrade  and  Constantinople. 

Tatay,  ti-ti',  a  seaport  town  of  the  Philippines,  capi- 
tiil  of  the  province  of  Calamianes,  on  the  N.E.  shore  of  the 
island  of  Palawan. 

Tate,  tait,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Mississippi,  is 
intersected  by  the  Coldwater  River.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating or  nearly  level.  Cotton  and  maize  are  the  staple 
products.  It  is  traversed  by  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  Jt 
Chicago  Railroad.    Capital,  Senatobia.    Pop.  (1880)  18,721. 

Tate,  a  township  of  Clermont  co.,  0.  j  Pop.  2678. 

Tate  Creek,  a  post-ofiiee  of  Braxton  co.,  W.  Va. 

Tate  Springs,  a  post-ofiice  and  watering-place  of 
Grainger  co.,  Teiin.,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Morristown.  Here  is 
a  mineral  spring. 

Tatesville,  taits'vil,  or  Tateville,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Pulaski  CO.,  Ky.,  on  Cumberland  River,  and  on  the  Cincin- 
nati Southern  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Somerset.  It  has  a 
church. 

Tatesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Huntingdon  &  Broad  Top  Railroad,  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bed- 
ford borough. 

Tatesville,  a  post-office  of  Grundy  co.,  Tenn. 

Ta-Thsing-Shan,  or  Ta-Thsing-Chan,  t&'- 
tsing'shin'  {i.e.,  "great  blue  mountain"),  a  mountain  of 
China,  province  of  Shan-See,  lat.  41°  60'  N.,  Ion.  109°  37' 
E.     It  is  covered  with  perpetual  snow. 

Tatihon,  tS,'tee^6N«',  an  island  of  France,  off  the  coast 
of  Manche,  strongly  fortified,  and  forming  one  of  the  de- 
fences of  the  roadstead  of  Hague. 

Tat'lock,  a  post-village  in  Lanark  co.,  Ontario,  20  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Almonte.     Pop.  100. 

Tatnall,  tat'nal,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  1200  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  by  the  Cannouchee  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the 
Altamaba  River.  It  is  also  intersected  by  the  Great  Ohoo- 
pee  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is 
sandy.  Cattle,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Capital,  Reidsville.  Valuation  of  real  and  per- 
sonal estate,  $875,000.  Pop.  in  1870,  4860,  of  whom  4827 
were  Americans;  in  1880,  6988. 

Taton'ka,  a  post-office  of  Ellsworth  co.,  Kansas. 

Ta'ton's,  a  township  of  Columbus  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  S7v. 

Tatrang,  ti'tring',  or  Tirlnnschien,  t§eit'lo6n- 
sheen\  a  town  of  Transylvania,  S.E.  of  Kronstadt.    P.  2813. 

Tatra  Range,  Hungary.    See  Carpathians. 

Tat-Seen-Loo,  or  Ta-Tsien-Lu,  tdt'seenMoo',  a 
fortified  town  of  China,  province  of  Se-Chuen,  125  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Ching-Too-Foo.  Lat.  30°  8'  N.;  Ion.  102°  E. 
It  has  an  extensive  trade  with  Thibet.  Pop.  about  600,000. 

Tatta,  or  Tattah,  tit'ti,  a  town  of  India,  in  Sinde, 
in  the  delta  of  the  Indus,  W.  of  its  main  stream,  and  48 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Hyderabad.  Lat.  24°  46'  N. ;  Ion.  68°  E. 
Pop.  7951.  It  is  supposed  to  be  the  Pattala  of  Alexander's 
historians ;  its  antiquity  is  unquestioned,  ruins  surround- 


*Af 


2590 


TAU 


tng  it  on  all  sides.  Its  outwnrd  appcantnco  !s  imposing. 
Tlio  principal  odiflco  ia  tbo  brioI(  niosquo  uf  Sliali-Jelian. 
It  lia*  some  mnnufaoturos  of  sillc  and  cotton. 

Tatta,  t&t't&,  a  town  and  caravan-station  of  Morocco, 
on  tlio  Drali,  and  on  tlie  borders  of  the  desert,  200  miles  S. 
of  Morocco. 

Tattaran,  tltUi-rln',  one  of  tlio  Sooloo  Islands,  be- 
tween the  Bascelan  and  Belaun  Islands.  Lat.  6°  10'  N.; 
Ion.  122°  E. 

Tat'tershalU  »  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Lincoln,  81 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Ilornoastle,  on  the  Groat  North  Lincoln 
Itaihvay.  It  has  a  beautiful  cruciform  church,  and  in  the 
vicinity  are  the  ruins  of  Tattcrshall  Castle. 

Tauai,  Hawaii  Islands.     See  Atauai. 

Tailbate,  tSw-bl'ti,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  and  80 
miles  N.  of  SSo  Paulo.     Pop.  of  the  district,  10,000. 

Taubcr,  tSw'bgr,  a  river  of  Bavaria,  WUrtemberg,  and 
Baden,  rises  near  llothenburg,  flows  N.W.  past  Mcrgen- 
thcim  and  Bischofshcira-am-Tauber,  and  joins  the  Main  at 
AVortheim.     Course,  70  miles. 

Taober-Bischofsheim.  See  Bischofsbeim-av- 
Taubeu. 

•  Taucha,  tSw'Kll,  a  town  of  Saxony,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Leipsic,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Elster.     Pop.  2698. 

Taudciiy,  Toudeny,  or  Taoiidyny,  t3w'de-nce',  a 
town  of  Africa,  on  the  Great  Desert,  noted  for  its  salt-mines. 
Lat.  about  22°  N. ;  Ion.  4°  W. 

Taughannock,  taw-gan'n5k,  a  station  in  Tompkins 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Cayuga  Southern  Railroad,  12  miles  N.  of 
Ithaca. 

Taughannock  Falls,  a  post-office  of  Tompkins  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Geneva,  Ithaca  <fe  Snyro  Railroad,  1  mile  from 
Cayuga  Lake,  and  10  miles  N.W.  of  Ithaca.  Here  is  a  fine 
cascade  190  feet  high,  formed  by  a  small  creek,  the  water 
of  which  is  precipitated  into  a  deep  chasm,  with  cliffs  on 
either  side  300  feet  in  height.  This  fall  forms  one  of  the 
most  romantic  and  picturesque  scenes  in  the  whole  of 
AVcstern  New  York. 

Taugoti-la-Rondc,  t(Vg4Ko'-li-r&.vd,  a  village  of 
Prance,  in  Charente-Inf6rioure,  arrondissement  of  La  Ro- 
chellc.     Pop.  1361. 

Tauj|raoii,  a  town  of  India.     See  Tazgaox. 

Taiyiks,  taw'^jeeks',  Tadjiks,  or  Tajiks,  ti'jceks', 
n  people  of  Persia  and  Afghanistan.  They  constitute  the 
principal  part  of  the  present  population  of  Persia.  They 
!(re  distinct  from  the  Parsees  or  Guebres.  They  call  them- 
selves Parsivan,  or  "  Persians,"  and  are  of  Indo-European 
race. 

TauI6,  to'14',  a  town  of  France,  in  FinistJre,  4  miles 
N.W.  of  Morlaix.     Pop.  647. 

Taulignaii,  toMeen^3'6s"',  a  town  of  France,  in  DrOme, 
15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Mont61imar,  with  manufactures  of  wool- 
lens, silks,  leather,  wine,  &o.     Pop.  1248. 

Taun,  a  district  of  West  Africa,  in  Upper  Guinea. 

Taunda,  a  town  of  India.     See  Tandah. 

Taiingu,  a  town  of  British  Burmah.     See  Touncoo. 

Taunton,  tiln't^n,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Som- 
erset, on  the  river  Tone,  with  a  station  on  the  Bristol  & 
'Exeter  Railway,  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bridgcwater.  Pop. 
.15,466.  The  principal  edifices  are  the  church  of  St.  Mary 
Magdalen,  St.  James's  church,  the  church  of  St.  John,  a 
Koman  Catholic  and  other  chapels,  the  market-house,  with 
the  town  hall  and  assembly-rooms,  the  Taunton  and  Somer- 
set Institution,  with  news-rooms  and  a  valuable  library,  the 
theatre,  the  Wcst-of-England  College  for  Dissenters,  and  a 
castle  built  in  the  time  of  Ilenry  I.  Here  are  grammar- 
and  other  schools,  almshouses  and  other  charities,  the  Taun- 
ton and  Somerset  Hospital,  a  lying-in  hospital,  and  an  eye 
infirmary.  Manufactures  of  silks  and  woollens  have  de- 
clined, but  are  still  carried  on  to  some  extent. 

Taunton  is  of  great  antiquity,  and  appears  to  have  been 
a  Roman  station.  About  a.d.  700,  Ina,  King  of  the  West 
Saxons,  built  a  castle  here,  and  near  its  site  another  castle 
was  built  by  William  the  Conqueror.  It  figures  in  English 
history,  and  during  the  civil  war,  when  held  by  the  Parlia- 
mcnt.arians,  made  a  celebrated  defence  against  the  Royalists. 
The  Duke  of  Monmouth  was  proclaimed  king  here  in  1685, 
itnd  the  inhabitants,  in  consequence,  8ufl"cred  much  from 
the  cruelties  of  the  notorious  Jeffreys  during  his  "bloody 
assize."     Taunton  sends  two  members  to  Parliament. 

Taunton,  tawn't^n,  a  village  in  Belmont  township, 
Warren  co.,  Iowa,  14  miles  E.S.E,  of  Indianola.  It  has  a 
grist-mill  and  a  machine-shop. 

Taunton,  tawn'tpn,  a  manufacturing  city,  the  capital 
of  Bristol  CO.,  Mass.,  is  situated  at  the  head  of  navigation 
on  Taunton  River,  34  miles  S,  of  Boston,  17  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Providence,  and  15  miles  N.  by  £.  of  Fall  River.     Lat. 


41«>  54'  11"  N. ;  Ion.  71°  5'  55"  W.  It  is  on  the  Old  Colony 
Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Middlcborough  A  Taoh- 
ton  Branch,  and  on  the  Boston  A  Now  Bedford  Railroad. 
It  is  handsomely  built,  is  lighted  with  gas,  and  has  n  cen- 
tral park  called  "Taunton  Green,"  which  name  is  oRcn 
given  to  the  central  nucleus  of  the  city  itself,  there  bcini 
several  villages,  such  as  Weir,  Myrickvillc,  and  East  Taun- 
ton, within  the  limits  of  the  city.  Many  of  the  rosidenoct 
are  beautiful  and  surrounded  with  highly  ornamented 
grounds,  Taunton  contains  a  court-house,  a  city  hall,  17 
churches,  a  public  library  of  11,000  volumes,  several  ele- 
gant school  buildings,  a  public  high  school,  the  Bristol  Acad- 
emy (incorporated  in  1792),  3  national  banks,  2  savingn- 
institutions,  a  first-class  hotel,  and  printing-offices  which 
issue  1  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers.  Among  thocharcheo, 
the  Congregational,  the  Baptist,  tne  Catholic,  the  Episcopal, 
and  the  Unitarian  are  considered  fine  specimens  of  ar«bi. 
tccture.  Hero  is  also  a  state  lunatic  asylum,  the  building! 
of  which  are  extensive  and  pleasantly  situated.  The  manu- 
factures of  Taunton  are  extensive  and  various,  comprising 
locomotives,  steam-engines,  machinery,  nails,  tacks,  screws, 
cotton  goods,  britannia-ware,  jewelry,  copper-ware,  4o. 
This  city  has  5  large  cotton-mills,  10  foundries,  several 
brick-yards,  and  ship-building  establishments.  It  is  stated 
that  18,000,000  bricks  were  made  here  in  one  year.  Mason'i 
locomotive-works  employ  about  800  men,  and  the  building! 
of  the  Taunton  Copper  Company  cover  nearly  15  acres, 
Taunton  was  founded  or  first  settled  in  1639,  It  was  in- 
corporated as  a  township  in  1639,  and  as  a  city  in  1804, 
Pop.  in  1850,  10,431;  in  1860,  15,376;  in  1870,  18,62fl;  In 
1880,  21,21.3. 

Taunton  River,  Massachusetts,  rises  in  Plymoatl 
CO.,  runs  southwestward  through  Bristol  co.,  and  enter! 
Mount  Hope  Bay  at  the  city  of  Fall  River.  It  affords  ex- 
tensive water-power.     It  is  navigable  to  Taunton. 

Taunus,  tow'no(5s,  or  Ilohe,  ho'^h,  a  mountain-range 
of  West  Germany,  extends  for  about  40  miles  M'.N.W,  of 
the  Rhine,  and  is  continuous  on  the  N,E.  with  the  Vogel- 
berg,  separating  the  basin  of  the  Main  on  the  S.  from  that 
of  the  Lahn  on  the  N. 

Tau'po  Lake,  New  Zealand,  is  in  the  centre  of  North 
Island.     Length,  30  miles;  average  breadth,  15  miles, 

Tauran'ga,  a  harbor  of  New  Zealand,  on  the  S,W, 
side  of  the  Bay  of  Plenty,  in  North  Island.  Lat.  37°  37' 
S.;  Ion.  176°  11'  E. 

Taurano,  tow-rl'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Caserta,  E.S.E.  of  Nola.     Pop.  1282. 

Taurasi,  tow-rl'see,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Arel- 
lino,  N.W.  of  Sant'  Angelo  dci  Lombardi.     Pop.  1988. 

Taurasia,  an  ancient  naino  of  Tiinm. 

Taurem,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Tarom. 

Taurica  Chersonesus,  Russia.    See  Crimea. 

Taurida,  tow're-da  (from  the  Gr.  Tovpi?),  or  Krint, 
krim,  a  government  of  Russia,  between  lat.  44°  25'  and  47° 
40'  N.  and  Ion.  31°  30'  and  30°  30'  E.,  comprising,  with 
the  peninsula  of  the  Crimea,  a  territory  on  the  mainland, 
mostly  separated  from  the  governments  of  Kherson  and 
Yekaterinoslav  by  the  Dnieper  and  its  affluent  the  Konska. 
Area,  24,538  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1882,  964,329,  mostly 
Nogai  Tartars  on  the  mainland,  .and  Russians,  Jews,  and 
Greeks  in  tlie  Crimea.  In  the  Crimea  the  climate  resem- 
bles that  of  Italy.  N.  of  the  mountains  are  extensive 
plains,  destitute  of  trees,  and  interspersed  with  salt  lakes; 
and  on  the  mainland  the  country  is  mostly  a  desert  steppe, 
on  which,  however,  the  Tartars  rear  vast  herds  of  sheep  and 
horses.  The  Tartars  live  chiefly  on  millet  and  the  produce 
of  their  herds.     Capital,  Simferopol.     See  Ciumea. 

Tauris,  a  town  of  Persia,    See  Tabreez. 

Taurisano,  t5w-re-sil'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  prorince 
of  Lecce,  S.E,  of  Gallipoli.     Pop.  1300. 

Tauromenium,  the  ancient  name  of  Taormina. 

Taurus,  taw'rus,  a  mountain-chain  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
usually  considered  as  commencing  in  the  E.,  on  the  Eu- 
phrates, at  the  Nushara  Cataract,  whence  it  stretches  W., 
nearly  parallel  to  the  coast  of  the  .Mediterranean,  for  about 
400  miles,  terminating  to  the  N.  of  the  Gulf  of  Adalia.  In 
the  E.  it  takes  the  name  of  Jebel-Kuriin;  in  the  W.  that 
of  Ramadan  Ogloo  Balakav.  It  sends  off  several  branches, 
of  which  the  most  remarkable  are  Alma-Dagh,  which  pro- 
ceeds S.  into  Syria  and  becomes  linked  with  tlio  chain  of 
Lebanon  and  the  Anti-Taurus,  which  extends  N.E.,  send- 
ing out  ramifications  which  become  linked  with  Ararat, 
Elbrooz,  and  Caucasus. 

Tauss,  tSwss,  or  Fusta,  foos'tl  (Bohemian,  Domm- 
licze,  do-mlz-lce'chi,  or  Draatow,  dris'tov),  a  town  of  Bo- 
hemia, 17  miles  W.  of  Klattau.  Pop.  6969.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  tape. 


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2591 


TAT 


i 


Tanste,  t5ws't4,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  27 
miles  N.W.  of  Saragossa.  Pop.  4264,  It  has  manufactures 
of  coarse  woollens,  nitre,  and  soap. 

Tniives,  tOv,  a  town  of  Prance,  in  Puy-do-D3me,  26 
miles  S.W.  of  Clermont-Ferrand. 

Tauxigny,  tox'een'yee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Indre- 
et-Loire,  arrondissement  of  Loches.     Pop.  1311. 

Tnvai,  or  Tavay,  India.    See  Tavov. 

Tavai-Poenamoo.    See  New  Zealand. 

Tavannes,  ti'vin',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Bern,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Bienne,  and  close  to  the  pass  of 
Pierre-Pertuis  in  the  Jura  Mountains. 

Tavastehuus,  ti-vis'ti-hoos,  written  also  Tawast- 
hnus,  a  town  of  Finland,  capital  of  a  laen,  on  a  railway, 
78  miles  N.B.  of  Abo.  Pop.  3506.  It  has  a  government 
house  and  an  ancient  castle,  with  an  arsenal  and  imperial 
magazines. 

Tavastehuus,  a  government  of  Finland,  in  the  S.W. 
Area,  8333  square  miles.  Capital,  Tavastehuus.  Pop. 
197,140. 

Tavda,  tlv'di,  a  river  of  Siberia,  joins  the  Tobol  60 
miles  S.W.  of  Tobolsk,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  200  miles. 

Tav'ern,  a  township  of  Pulaski  co..  Mo.     Pop.  796. 

Taverna,  td-vSn'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and 
11  miles  N.  of  Catanzaro.     Pop.  2093. 

Tav'ern  Creek,  of  Miller  oo.,  Mo.,  flows  N.  into  the 
Osage  River. 

Taviano,  tA-ve-4'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Leceo,  7  mile?  S.E.  of  Gallipoli,  and  not  far  from  the  Gulf 
of  Taranto.     Pop.  2459. 

Tavigiiano,  ti-veen-yi'no  (anc.  Sa'erttm  Flu'men), 
the  principal  river  of  Corsica,  enters  the  sea  on  its  E.  coast, 
after  a  course  of  45  miles. 

Tavira,  ti-vee'ri,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Algarve,  21 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Faro,  on  the  Atlantic,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Scca.  Pop.  10,343.  It  has  a  handsome  governor's  palace, 
a  brisk  river-traffic  with  the  interior,  and  an  active  fishery. 

Tav'istock,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Devon,  on 
the  Tavy,  13  miles  N.  of  Plymouth.  Pop.  7725.  The  town 
is  well  built,  and  has  a  church,  dissenting  chapels,  a  guild 
hall,  market-house,  almshouses,  a  lying-in  hospital,  and  a 
dispensary.  Some  serges  and  coarse  linens  are  made ; 
mining  and  iron-works  employ  a  few  hands;  but  the  popu- 
lation is  chiefly  agricultural.  The  borough  returns  one 
member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Tav'istock,  a  post-village  in  Perth  oo.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  (Buffalo  A  Goderich  Branch),  8 
miles  S.E.  of  Stratford.  It  contains  a  woollen-mill,  a  flax- 
mill,  a  flouring-mill,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  500. 

Tavolara,  ti-vo-li'rS,,  an  inlet  of  the  Mediterranean, 
ofl'  the  N.E.  coast  of  Sardinia. 

Tavoos,  or  Tavous,  tdVoos',  written  also  Ungi 
(anc.  Galbis  ?),  a  river  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  rises  in  Mount 
Baba-Dagh,  flows  S.S.W.,  and  falls  into  the  Mediterranean 
N.E.  of  the  island  of  Rhodes.     Length,  about  80  miles. 

Tavoy,  tiVoi',  Tavai,  or  Tavay,  t3,-vl',  a  river  of 
India,  rises  about  lat.  14°  50'  N.,  Ion.  98°  30'  E.,  flows  S. 
100  miles,  and  falls  into  the  Indian  Ocean. 

Tavoy,  a  town  of  British  Burmah,  on  the  Tenasserim 
coast,  capital  of  a  district,  on  the  Tavoy  River,  90  miles  S. 
of  Ye,  and  25  miles  from  the  sea.  It  has  a  bazaar  and 
barracks.     Pop.  14,469. 

Tavoy,  a  district  of  British  Burmah,  in  Tenasserim, 
having  Amherst  district  on  the  N.,  Siam  on  the  E.,  Mergui 
on  the  S.,  and  the  sea  on  the  W.  Area,  7200  square  miles. 
Capital,  Tavoy.     Pop.  71,827. 

Tavrov,  Tawrow,  tivVov',  Tavrovskaia,  or 
Tawrowskaja,  tiv-rov-ski'i,  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment and  13  miles  S.  of  Voronezh,  at  the  confluence 
of  the  Don  and  the  Voronezh.  It  was  strongly  fortified 
by  Peter  the  Great,  who  established  large  arsenals,  cloth- 
factories,  <fcc.,  and  had  vessels  of  war  built  here;  but  in 
1744  it  was  nearly  destroyed  by  fire. 

Ta'vy,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Devon,  rises  in  Dart- 
moor, flows  S.S.W.  past  Tavistock,  and  enters  the  Tamar  2 
miles  N.E.  of  Saltash.     Total  course,  26  miles. 

Taw,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Devon,  rises  in  Dart- 
taoor,  and,  after  being  joined  by  the  Torridgo  from  the  S., 
enters  Bideford  Bay.     Length,  50  miles. 

Tawally,  tl-wil'lce,  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipel- 
ago, 25  miles  S.W.  of  Gilolo.    Lat.  0°  30'  S. ;  Ion.  127°  2'  B. 

Taw'as  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Iosco  co., 
Mich.,  in  Tawas  township,  on  the  N.W.  shore  of  Saginaw 
Bay,  about  54  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bay  City.  It  has  a  news- 
paper office,  a  church,  a  graded  school,  3  steam  saw-mills, 
and  a  planing-mill.  Here  is  the  best  natural  harbor  of 
refuge  on  the  W,  side  of  Lake  Huron, 


Tawasthuns,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Tatastkhuot. 

TaAVat,  an  oasis  of  Africa.     See  Tooat. 

Tawawa,  Shelby  co.,  0.    See  New  Palestine, 

TaAvee-Tawee,  ti'wee^-ti'wee*,  an  island  of  the 
Malay  Archipelago,  off  the  N.E.  extremity  of  Borneo,  and 
belonging  to  the  Sooloo  Island  chain.  Lat.  of  W.  point, 
5°  18'  N.;  Ion.  119°  25'  E.  Length,  40  miles;  breadth; 
15  miles. 

Tawrow,  or  TaAvrowskaja.    See  TAvnov. 

Tax'ada,  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  Georgia,  opposite 
Jervia  Inlet,  British  Columbia.  It  is  18  miles  in  length 
by  5  or  6  miles  in  breadth,  and  contains  valuable  deposits 
of  hematite  iron. 

Taxahau,  tax'a-haw,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co., 
S.C,  23  miles  S.W.  of  Monroe,  N.C. 

Taxamulco,  a  town  of  Guatemala.     See  Tajamdlco. 

Tay,  td,  a  principal  river  and  estuary  of  Scotland,  drain- 
ing nearly  the  whole  of  the  co.  of  Perth,  with  a  part  of  the 
CO.  of  Forfarshire,  rises  by  two  main  heads,  which  unite  a 
few  miles  N.  of  Loch  Tay,  flows  E.  and  8.  past  Aberfeldie; 
Dunkeld,  and  Perth,  after  which  it  expands  into  a  noble 
estuary  from  1  to  3  miles  in  width,  and  joins  the  Firth  of 
Forth,  in  the  North  Sea,  between  Ferryport-on-Craig  on  the 
S.  and  Buttonness  on  the  N.  Length,  from  120  to  160  miles. 
It  winds  through  a  country  of  groat  picturesque  beautyi 
Dundee  and  Errol  are  on  the  N.  side  and  Newbnrgh  on 
the  S.  side  of  its  estuary,  and  it  is  navigable  from  the  scft 
to  Newburgh,  15  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Taya,  ti'i,  an  islet  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  S.E.  of 
Lingen,  in  lat.  0°  45'  N.,  Ion.  104°  55'  E. 

Taya,  ti'3.,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  province  and 
about  7  miles  from  Barcelona. 

Tayabas,  ti-&'Bis,  a  town  of  the  Philippines,  near  the 
S.  coast  of  the  island  of  Luzon,  capital  of  a  province  of  the 
same  name,  62  miles  S.E.  of  Manila, 

Taycheeda,  ta-chee'dah,  a  post-village  in  Tayehecda 
township,  Fond  du  Lac  co..  Wis.,  on  Lake  Winnebago,  and 
on  the  Sheboygan  <fc  Fond  du  Lao  Railroad,  3  miles  E.  of 
Fond  du  Lac.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  township,  1500. 

Tayf,  tif,  or  Tayef,  trfif,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  EI 
Ilejaz,  65  miles  E.S.E.  of  Mecca.  It  is  defended  by  sev- 
eral forts,  and  has  a  celebrated  mosque. 

Taygetus,  Greece.    See  Mount  St.  Elias.  ^'  J*^ 

Tay,  Loch,  Scotland.    See  Locn  Tat.  "1] 

Tayloe's  (ta'loze)  Station,  a  post-office  of  Perry 
CO.,  Ala.,  on  the  Alabama  Central  Railroad,  26  miles  W.  of 
Selma.  "■ 

Taylor,  ta'l9r,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Florida,  has 
an  area  of  about  1150  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  tho 
S.W.  by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Aucillii 
River.  It  is  also  drained  by  New  River.  The  surface  i# 
nearly  level,  and  is  partly  covered  with  forests.  The  soil 
produces  a  little  cotton,  sugar-cane,  and  Indian  corn.  Cap* 
ital.  Perry.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $150,000. 
Pop.  in  1870,  1453;  in  1880,  2279. 

Taylor,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Georgia,  haa 
an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.E.  by  Flint  River,  and  also  drained  by  Whitewater  Creek. 
The  surface  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and 
other  trees.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
lumber,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  iff 
intersected  by  the  Southwestern  Railroad.  Capital,  Butler. 
Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $900,000.  Pop.  ia 
1870,  7143  ;  in  1880,  8597. 

Taylor,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Iowa,  borders 
on  Missouri.  Area,  528  square  miles.  It  is  intersected^ 
by  the  river  One  Hundred  and  Two,  and  drained  by  Honej* 
Creek  and  Platte  River,  which  traverse  the  S.E.  part  of 
the  county.  The  surface  is  undulating  and  diversified  with 
prairies  and  woodlands.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is 
intersected  by  a  railroad  which  connects  Creston,  Iowa,  with 
Hopkins,  Mo.  Capital,  Bedford.  Valuation  of  real  and 
personal  estate,  $4,472,377.  Pop.  in  1870,  6989,  of  whom 
6766  were  Americans;  in  1880,  15,635, 

Taylor,  a  small  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Ken- 
tucky, is  drained  by  Green  River  and  Robinson's  Creek. 
The  surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  is  fertile.  In  1870  it 
had  70,011  acres  of  woodland.  Indian  corn,  tobacco,  oats, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Campbellsville. 
Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $2,000,000.  Pop.  in 
1870,  8226,  of  whom  8216  were  Americans;  in  1880,  9259. 

Taylor,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  Texas, 
has  an  area  of  about  900  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  th« 
Clear  Fork  of  Brazos  River.     Pop.  in  1880,  1736. 

Taylor,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  West  Virginia,  haa 
an  area  of  about  150  square  miles.     It  is  intersected  by 


TAY 


i502 


TAY 


Tygui'i  Valley  River.  The  surface  ia  billy,  and  nearly 
half  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fer- 
tile. InUi»n  oorn,  wheat,  oats,  lumber,  and  cattle  are  the 
■tap]*  products.  Bituminous  coal  is  found  here.  This 
eounty  is  traversed  by  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Itailroud. 
Capital,  Pruntytown.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  es- 
Ute,  $7,230,818.  Pop.  in  1870,  9367,  of  whom  8883  were 
Americans;  in  1880,  11,455. 

Tayloft  a  post-office  of  Qeneva  oo.,  Ala. 

Taylor,  a  poet-hamlot  in  Taylor  township.  Ogle  eo., 
III.,  about  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Di.\on.  The  township  is 
t>oundod  on  the  W.  by  Rock  River.     Pop.  of  township,  402. 

Taylor,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1677. 

Taylor,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1259. 

Taylor,  a  township  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  757. 

Taylor,  a  post-office  of  Whitley  co.,  Ind. 

Taylor,  a  township  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  932. 

Taylor,  a  township  of  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  958. 

Taylor,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  967, 
exclusive  of  Vinton. 
I,.  Taylor,  a  township  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1833. 

Taylor,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  668. 

Taylor,  a  township  of  Marshall  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  487. 

Taylor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  about  22 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  a  plough-fivctory. 
.   Taylor,  a  station  of  Baraga  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Mar- 
quette, Houghton   &  Ontonagon  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of 
L'Anse. 

Taylor,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1067. 

Taylor,  a  township  of  Greene  oo.,  Mo.     Pop.  998. 
I  Taylor,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Quinoy, 
llissouri  &  Pacific  Railroad,  5  miles  \V.  of  Quincy,  111. 
„  Taylor,  a  township  of  Shelby  co..  Mo.     Pop.  920. 
..Taylor,  a  township  of  Sullivan  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  628. 

Taylor,  or  Taylorville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Taylor 
township,  Cortland  co.,  N.Y.,  about  32  miles  N.  of  Bing- 
hamton.  It  has  2  churches.  Here  is  Taylor  Post-Office. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1025. 

Taylor,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  0.     Pop.  1141. 

Taylor,  a  township  of  Blair  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1368. 

Taylor,  a  township  of  Cambria  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1670. 

Taylor,  a  township  of  Centre  co..  Pa.     Pop.  512. 

Taylor,  a  township  of  Fulton  co..  Pa.     Pop.  868. 

Taylor,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  736. 

Taylor,  a  post-office  of  Sumter  co.,  S.C. 

Taylor,  a  post-villago  of  Red  River  co.,  Tex.,  about  16 
miles  N.  of  Clarksville.     It  has  a  church,  several  stores,  Ac. 

Taylor,  Williamson  co.,  Texas.    See  Taylorville. 

Taylor  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Taylor  township, 
Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  about  15  miles  S.W.  of  Detroit.  It  has 
a  saw-mill  and  2  stores. 

Taylor  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Cortland  co.,  N.Y., 
about  13  miles  E.  of  Cortland  Village. 

Taylor  Creek,  Nebraska,  drains  part  of  Madison  co., 
runs  northeastward,  and  enters  the  Elknorn  River  in  Stan- 
ton CO.,  2  or  3  miles  below  the  village  of  Stanton. 

Taylor  Creek,  a  township  of  Hardin  co.,  0.    P.  891. 

Taylor  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co..  111.,  about 
30  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Duquoin. 

Taylorholme,  t^'l^r-hom,  a  post-village  in  Russell 
00.,  Ontario,  8  miles  from  Ottawa.     Pop.  100. 

Taylor  Mine,  a  station  in  Ohio  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Pa- 
dacab  &,  Elizabethtown  Railroad,  108  miles  S.W.  of  Louis- 
ville. 

Taylor  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Rock  Island  co.,  111., 
on  the  Rock  Island  &  Mercer  County  Railroad,  12  miles  S. 
of  Rook  Island. 

Taylor's,  a  township  of  Wilson  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  555. 

Taylor's,  a  post-office  of  White  co.,  Tenn. 

Taylor's  Bayou,  bi'oo,  post-office,  Jefferson  co.,  Tex. 

Taylor's  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  New  Castle  co., 
Del.,  4  miles  from  Townsend. 

Taylor's  Bridge,  a  post-township  of  Sampson  co., 
N.C,  about  50  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Wilmington.  It  is 
drained  by  Black  River.     Pop.  1521. 

Taylorsburg,  a  hamlet  of  Cocke  co.,  Tenn.,  5  miles 
from  Newport  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Taylor's  Chapel,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  Tenn., 
7  miles  N.  of  Somerville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill, 
and  2  stores. 

Taylor's  Creek,  Georgia,  rises  in  Liberty  co.,  runs  E., 
and  enters  the  Cannouchee  River  in  Bryan  co.,  near  Eden. 

Taylor's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Francis  co.. 
Ark.,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Forrest  City. 

Taylor's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Liberty  co.,  Ga., 
OB  Taylor's  Creek,  about  45  miles  W.S.W.  of  Savannah. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  grist-milU 


Taylor's  Creek,  a  post-village  of  IlRmilton  oo.,  0. 
in  Colerain  township,  0  miles  from  Cheviot  Station.  It  bat 
2  churches. 

Taylor's  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Lafttyolte  oo., 
Miss.,  on  the  Chicago,  St.  Louis  A  New  Orleans  Itailroad.S 
miles  S.  of  Oxford.     It  has  a  church. 

Taylor's  Falls,  a  post-villago  in  Taylor's  Falls  town- 
ship,  Chisago  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  St.  Croix  Uiver,  at  the 
head  of  navigation,  about  30  miles  above  Stillwater,  und  40 
miles  N.E.  of  St.  Paul.  It  has  an  active  trade  in  lumber 
and  contains  a  newspaper  office,  3  churches,  and  several 
mills.  Steamboats  can  ascend  the  river  to  this  place.  Pop, 
in  1880.  1007. 

Taylor's  Island,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dorchester  oo., 
Md.,  on  an  island  in  Chesapeake  Bay,  about  40  miles  S.  by 
£.  of  Annapolis.     It  has  2  churches. 

Taylor's  Mountain,  New  York,  is  a  peak  of  the 
Adirondacks,  in  Essex  co.  Its  altitude  is  estimated  at  4500 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Taylor's  Stand,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Pn,, 
2i  miles  from  Riceville  Station,  and  about  13  miles  N. N.W, 
of  Titusville. 

Taylor's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Pottawattamie  oo., 
Iowa,  18  miles  E.  of  Council  Bluffs. 

Taylor's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  railroad  between  Louisville  and  Sholbyville,  17  miles 
E.  of  Louisville. 

Taylor's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  0., 
on  the  Central  Ohio  division  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Rail, 
road,  8i  miles  E.N.E.  of  Columbus.     It  has  2  churches. 

Taylor's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  oo.,  Va. 

Taylor  Station,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co..  Wis., 
on  the  Green  Bay  &,  Minnesota  Railroad,  49  miles  N.E.  of 
Winona,  Minn. 

Tay  I  orstown ,  ta'l9rz-t3wn,  a  post-hanilct  of  Washing- 
ton CO.,  Pa.,  in  Buffalo  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Balti- 
more A  Ohio  Railroad,  38  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pittsburg.  It 
has  a  church  and  25  houses.     Pop.  98. 

Taylorstown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va.,  aboot 
45  miles  N.W.  of  Washington,  D.C. 

Taylorsville,ta'l9rz-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Plumas  co., 
Cal.,  in  Indian  Valley,  about  10  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Quincy. 

Taylorsville,  a  post-office  of  Bartow  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Cherokee  Railroiid,  about  46  miles  N.W.  of  Atlanta. 

Taylorsville,  or  Taylorville,  a  post-town,  capital 
of  Christian  co.,  III.,  on  the  South  Fork  of  the  Sangamon 
River,  in  a  township  of  its  own  name,  on  the  Wabash  Rail- 
road  where  it  crosses  the  Springfield  division  of  the  Ohio 
<fc  Mississippi  Railroad,  26J  miles  S.E.  of  Springfield,  and 
28  miles  S.W.  of  Decatur.  It  has  7  churches,  2  newspaper 
offices,  three  banking-houses,  2  good  public  school-houses,  a 
plough -factory,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  2237  ;  of  township,  3.322. 

Taylorsville,  a  post-village  in  German  township,  Bar- 
tholomew CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Jeffersonville,  Madison  A  In- 
dianapolis Railroad,  6i  miles  N.  of  Columbus.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  wagon-shop.     Pop.  350. 

Taylorsville,  a  hamlet  of  Warrick  co.,  Ind.,  8i  miles 
W.  of  Dale  Station.  It  has  a  church.  Here  is  Polk  Patch 
Post-0  ffice. 

Taylorsville,  a  village  of  Fayette  co.,  Iowa,  in  Fair- 
field township,  about  28  miles  N.N.E.  of  Independence,  and 
2  miles  E.  of  the  Davenport  A  St.  Paul  Railroad.  It  hai 
a  church,  a  saw-mill,  Ac. 

Taylorsville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Spencer  co., 
Ky.,  in  a  beautiful  valley  on  the  East  Fork  of  bait  River, 
about  33  miles  S.E.  of  Louisville.  It  contains  5  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  2  mills.  It  is  on  the  Cumberland  A 
Ohio  Railroad.     Pop.   in  1880,  537. 

Taylorsville,  a  hamlet  of  Anne  Arundel  co.,  Md.,  on 
South  River,  about  25  miles  S.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  a 
church. 

Taylorsville,  a  hamlet  in  Granby  township,  Hamp- 
shire CO.,  Mass.,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Northampton.  It  has  a 
grist-mill. 

Taylorsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smith  co..  Miss.,  about 
60  miles  S.E.  of  Jackson.     It  has  a  church. 

Taylorsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  0., 
on  the  Miami  River  and  the  Miami  Canal,  about  8  miles  N. 
of  Dayton. 

Taylorsville  (Philo  Post-Officc),  a  village  in  Harrison 
township,  Muskingum  co.,  0.,  on  the  Muskingum  River, 
opposite  Duncan's  Falls,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Zancsville.  It 
has  water-power,  2  woollen-mills,  and  4  churches.  Pop.  544. 

Taylorsville,  a  post-village  in  Upper  Makefield  town- 
ship, Bucks  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  10  miles  above 
Trenton.     It  has  a  bridge  across  the  river,  and  a  church. 

Taylorsville,  a  vllhige  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.,  in  Green 


TAY 


2593 


TEB 


j  township,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Indiana.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
jhigh  school,  and  a  brewery.  Here  is  Utah  Post-Office. 
'  Taylorsville,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Johnson  co., 
[Tenn.,  at  the  base  of  the  Stone  or  Iron  Mountain,  about  30 
j  miles  S.E.  of  Bristol.  It  has  2  churches,  a  masonic  insti- 
tute, and  a  lumber-mill.  Pop.  in  1880,  278. 
I     Taylorsville,  a  post-office  of  Salt  Lake  co.,  Utah. 

Taylorsville,  a  post-village  of  Hanover  co.,  Va.,  on 
;the  South  Anna  River  and  the  Richmond,  Fredericksburg 
(a  Potomac  Railroad,  22  miles  N.  of  Richmond. 
I  Taylorsville,  Virginia,  See  Patiiick  Court-House. 
I  Taylortown,  New  Brunswick.  See  Upper  Sheffield. 
Taylor  Village,  a  post-village  in  Westmoreland  co., 
[New  Brunswick,  7  miles  from  Meraramcook.  Pop.  100, 
j  Taylorville,  a  station  in  Marin  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  North 
jPaeific  Coast  Railroad,  31  miles  N.N.AV.  of  San  Francisco. 

Taylorville,  a  post-office  of  Pueblo  co.,  Col. 
I    Taylorville,  Christian  co.,  111.    See  Taylorsville. 

Taylorville,  Cortland  co.,  N.Y.    See  Taylor. 
j     Taylorville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Alexander  co., 
N,C.,  in  Taylorville  township,  20  miles  N,W,  of  Statesville. 
[It  has  3  churches,  a  Baptist  institute,  and  a  cotton-factory. 
Pop.  169  ;  of  the  township,  1078. 

Taylorville,  a  village  and  station  of  Lackawanna  co., 
|Pa.,  on  the  Lackawanna  <fc  Bloomsburg  Railroad,  3  miles 
S.W.  of  Scranton.     It  has  4  churches  and  a  coal-breaker. 

Taylorville,  a  post- village  of  Williamson  co.,Tex.,  on 
the  International  &  Great  Northern  Railroad,  at  Taylor 
Station,  36  miles  N.E.  of  Austin.     It  has  3  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  600. 
Taylorwick,  ta'lor-wJk,  a  station  of  the   Missouri 
acific  Railroad,  3i  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. 
Tay  Mills,  a  post-settlement  in  York  co..  New  Bruns- 
ick,  18  miles  N.  of  Fredericton.     Pop.  100. 
Taymouth,  ta'miith,  a  post-hamlet  in  Taymouth  town- 
ihip,  Saginaw  co.,  Mich.,  on  Flint  River,  about  12  miles  S. 
f  East  Saginaw.   It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw- 
ill.     Pop.  of  township,  1164. 
Tayo,  a  river  of  Spain.    See  Tagus. 
i    Tay  Settlement,  a  post-settlement  in  York  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  22  miles  N.  of  Fredericton.     Pop.  150, 
I    Taywan,  China  Sea.    See  Formosa, 
Tay- Yuen,  a  city  of  China.    See  Tai-Yuan, 
Taz,  tiz,  a  river  of  Siberia,  rises  on  the  frontiers  of  the 
;;overnment  of  Tobolsk   and  Yenisei,  flows  N.N.E.,  and, 
ifter  a  course  of  nearly  300  miles,  falls  into  the  Bay  of 
fazovsk,  which  communicates  with  the  Gulf  of  Obi. 

Tazeen,  ti^zeen',  a  village  of  Afghanistan,  at  the  E. 
foot  of  the  pass  of  the  Huft-Kotul,  26  miles  from  Cabool. 
Jat.  34°  21'  N. ;  Ion.  69°  28'  E, 

Tazewell,  taz'w§l,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of 
Illinois,  has  an  area  of  about  620  square  miles.  It  is 
lounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Illinois  River,  and  is  inter- 
ected  by  the  Mackinaw  River,  The  surface  is  nearly  l<»vel, 
.nd  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  forests  of  the  oak,  ash, 
aaple,  elm,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  In- 
ian  corn,  oats,  wheat,  hay,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
Products.  Mines  of  bituminous  coal  have  been  opened  in 
his  county.  It  is  intersected  by  railroads  named  the  Pekin, 
uincoln  <fc  Decatur,  the  Chicago  <fc  Alton,  the  Indianapolis, 
Bloomington  A  Western,  the  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw,  and 
|he  Peoria,  Pekin  &  Jacksonville.  Capital,  Pekin.  Valu- 
tion  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $23,166,660.  Pop,  in 
870,  27,903;  in  1880,  29,666, 

'  Tazewell,  a  southwestern  county  of  Virginia,  has  an 
;roa  of  about  450  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Clinch 
nd  Bluestone  Rivers,  which  rise  in  it,  and  by  the  Laurel 
'ork  of  the  Ilolston.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  several 
■lountain-ridges,  one  of  which  is  called  Clinch  Mountain. 
j'orests  of  the  oak,  sugar-maple,  chestnut,  hickory,  and 
ther  trees  cover  nearly  half  of  its  area.  The  soil  of  the 
ialleys  is  fertile,  Indian  corn,  oats,  cattle,  and  hay  are  the 
taple  products.  Among  its  minerals  are  iron  and  lime- 
:one.  Capital,  Jeffersonville,  Valuation  of  real  and  per- 
jnal  estate,  $2,364,697,  Pop,  in  1870,  10,791,  of  whom 
0,772  were  Americana;  in  1880,  12,861. 
Tazewell,  a  post- village  of  Marion  co.,  6a.,  13  miles 
.W.  of  Butler,  It  has  2  churches, 
Tazewell,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Claiborne  co., 
•  enn.,  about  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Knoxville.  It  is  situated 
a  a  hilly  region,  which  is  said  to  be  rich  in  minerals.  It 
as  a  newspaper  office,  an  academy,  and  4  churches.  Coal 
I  found  near  this  place.  Pop.  346, 
Tazewell  Court-House,  Va.  See  Jeffersonville. 
Tazgaon,  tAz'gi-on',  or  Taujgaon,  tawzh*gi-on',  a 
trtified  town  of  India,  dominions  and  68  miles  S.S.E,  of 
bttarah,  with  a  remarkable  temple  of  Ganesa. 


11^ 


T.  B.,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prince  George's  co.,  Md,,  IJ 
miles  W.  of  Brandywine  Station.    It  has  2  stores.   Pop.  75. 

'TBildt,  Netherlands.     See  Bildt, 

Tchad,  a  lake  of  Africa.     See  Chad. 

Tchamoulari,  Himalayas.     See  Shumalari. 

Tchang-Kiang,  China.    See  Cuing-Kiang-Foo. 

Tchao-Cheou-Foii,  China.     See  Chao-Tchoo, 

Tchao-Naiman-Sume.    See  Chao-Naima.n-Soomb. 

Tchaoussy,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Chaoossy. 

Tchefuncta,  che-ffink'ta,  a  post-office  of  St.  Tam- 
many parish,  La. 

Tchernigov,  Russia.    See  Chernigov. 

^^-  In  the  present  work,  names  of  most  places  begin- 
ning with  Ten  are  given  under  Ch,  as  in  the  above  ex- 
ample. 

Tcheshmeh,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Chesmr. 

Tchikiri,  a  river  of  Manchooria.     See  Chikiui. 

Telling-Ting,  a  city  of  China.    See  Ching-Ting. 

Tchi-Tcheoufou.     See  Chke-Choo, 

Tchoodskoe,  a  lake  of  Russia.    See  Lake  Peipus. 

Tchoogoochak,  choo-goo-shlk',  a  commercial  town 
of  Chinese  Toorkistan,  in  the  territory  of  Tarbagatai,  S.  of 
the  Tarbagatai  Mountains,  and  180  miles  N.E.  of  Kooldja, 
It  was  formerly  the  chief  town  of  the  territory,  but  was 
destroyed  by  the  Mohammedan  insurgents  in  1865. 

Tchoossova,  Tchoussova,  choos-so'vi,  or  Tchys- 
ovaia,  chis-o-vi'i,  a  river  of  Russia,  government  of  Perm, 
rises  in  the  Ural  Mountains,  flows  W.,  and,  after  a  course 
of  250  miles,  joins  the  Kama  11  miles  N.N.E.  of  Perm, 

Tchorum,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,    See  Chooboom 

Tchoui,  a  river  of  Asia.     See  Chooi.         , 

Tclioulim,  a  river  of  Siberia.     See  Choolim. 

Tchou-Yung,  a  city  of  China,    See  Choo-Yung. 

Tchow,or  Tschou,  chow,  a  populous  walled  town  of 
West  Africa,  in  Yarriba,  40  miles  N.W,  of  Katunga,  Lat, 
9°  15'  N. ;  Ion.  5°  50'  E. 

Tchtchelinskoe,  or  Chtchelinskoe,   chi-lcen' 
sko-i,  a  lake  of  Russia,  government  of  Riazan,  near  the 
Oka,  to  which  its  waters  flow  by  two  small  rivers. 

Tchula,  choo'la,  a  post-hainlet  of  Holmes  co..  Miss., 
on  the  Yazoo  River,  about  65  miles  N.  of  Jackson. 

Tchulim,  a  river  of  Siberia.    See  Choolim. 

Tcliusan,  an  island  of  China.     See  Chusax. 

Te,  ti,  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Shan-Toong,  on  the 
Imperial  Canal,  65  miles  N.W.  of  Tsee-Nan. 

'reachey's,  teech'iz,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Duplin 
CO.,  N.C.,  on  the  Wilmington  &  Weldon  Railroad,  38  miles 
N.  of  Wilmington.  It  has  a  manufactory  of  rosin  and  tur- 
pentine. 

Tea  Garden,  Marshall  co.,  Ind,    See  Teegarden. 

Te-An,  ti^An',  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Iloo-Pe, 
capital  of  a  department,  50  miles  N.W.  of  Han-Yang. 

Teana,  t^-i'n&,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basilicata,  18  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Tursi.     Pop.  1600. 

Teaneck,  tee'nek,  a  hamlet  and  station  of  the  Jersey 
City  &  Albany  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City,  N.J. 

Teano,  ti-i'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta, 
13  miles  N.W.  of  Capua.  Pop.  5119.  It  has  a  cathedral 
and  two  collegiate  churches,  a  diocesan  seminary,  and  a 
trade  in  corn  and  oil. 

Teapy  Island,  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Easter  Island, 

Teate,  the  ancient  name  of  Chieti. 

Tebaleh,  ti-bi'lSh,  a  town  of  Arabia,  in  Yemen,  about 
170  miles  S.E.  of  Mecca. 

Tebar,  tA-ban',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  prov- 
ince and  42  miles  S.  of  Cuenca.     Pop.  1432. 

Tebas-y-Tenarubia,  tA'BS,s-ee-ti-ni-roo'Be-i,  a 
town  of  Spain,  38  miles  N.W.  of  Malaga.     Pop.  3316, 

Tebbs'dale,  a  post-office  of  Iron  co.,  Utah. 

Tebeauville,  te-bo'vil,  a  post-village  of  Ware  co., 
Ga.,  on  the  Atlantic  &  Gulf  Railroad,  1  mile  from  Way 
Cross,  and  on  the  Brunswick  &  Albany  Railroad,  97  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Savannah,  and  60  miles  W,  of  Brunswick,  It 
has  an  academy  and  a  hotel. 

Tebessa,  ti-bfis'si  (anc.  Thevesta  ?),  atown  of  Algeria, 
76  miles  S.E.  of  Constantine,  with  extensive  Roman  re- 
mains. It  is  entered  by  two  gates,  one  of  them  of  Romnn 
construction,  in  the  form  of  a  triumphal  arch.     Pop.  2214, 

Tebicuari,  a  river  of  Brazil,    See  Taquari, 

Tebiquary,  or  Tebicuari,  ti-Be-kwi-ree',  written 
also  Tibiquari,  a  river  in  the  S.  of  Paraguay,  falls  into 
the  Paraguay  above  Jfeembucu, 

Te'bo,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  Mo,     Pop.  3308. 

Tebo  Creek,  Missouri,  drains  part  of  Henry  co.,  runs 
southeastward  into  Benton  co.,and  enters  the  Grand  River 
about  8  miles  N.W.  of  Warsaw. 

Tebriz,  a  city  of  Persia,    See  Tabrers. 


TEC 


2594 


TEH 


Tccali,  t&-k&-lee',  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  and  15  miles 
B.E.  of  Puobla. 

Tccazze,  a  rirer  of  Abyssinia.    See  Tacaxzr. 

Toch,  tfish,  a  river  of  France,  descends  from  the  N. 
•lope  of  the  Pyrenees,  in  Pyr6n6e«-Orientale8,  flows  E.N.E., 
and  near  C6rct  falls  into  the  Moditorruneau.  Total  course, 
45  miles. 

Techat  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Trrha. 

Teche,  Uayoii^  bi'oo  t£.sh,  Louisiana,  originates  in 
St.  Landry  parish,  runs  nearly' southeastward  through  the 
parishes  of  St.  Martin's,  Iboria,  and  St.  Mary'^,  and  enters 
Atchafalaya  Bayou  at  the  lower  end  of  Chetimaches  Lake, 
S  miles  N.AV.  of  Morgan  City.  It  is  about  180  miles  long, 
and  is  navigable  by  steamboats. 

Tecino,  Switzerliind.    See  Ticino. 

Teckendorf,  a  town  of  Transylvania.    See  Trkb. 

Tecolote,  tA-ko-lo't4  (incorrectly,  Tecolete),  a  post- 
rillage  of  San  Miguel  co.,  New  Mexico,  12  miles  8.  ot  Las 
Vegas.     It  has  a  church. 

Tecoma)  te-ko'mij.,  a  post-ofiRce  and  station  of  Elko 
CO.,  Nevada,  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  132  miles  W. 
of  Corinne,  Utah. 

Teco'pa,  a  post-office  of  Inyo  co.,  Cal. 

Tecum'seh,  a  post-village  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ala.,  1 
mile  from  Tecumseh  Station,  which  is  on  the  Selma,  Rome 
A  Dalton  Railroad,  25i  miles  N.E.  of  Jacksonville.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  furnace  for  pig-iron.     Pop.  242. 

Tecumseh)  a  post-village  in  Tecumseh  township, 
Shawnee  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Kansas  River, 
and  on  the  Kansas  Midland  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Topcka, 
and  22  miles  W.N.VV.  of  Lawrence.  A  bridge  over  the 
river  connects  it  with  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad.  It 
has  a  church.     Pop.  about  200;  of  the  township,  1011. 

Tecumseh)  a  post-village  in  Tecumseh  township, 
Lenawee  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Raisin  River  and  the  Jackson 
Branch  of  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad, 
13  miles  N.N.E.  of  Adrian,  and  33  miles  S.E.  of  Jackson. 
It  has  5  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  banks,  2  foundries 
with  machine-shops,  and  manufactures  of  furniture,  pnper, 
and  barrels.  It  has  an  excellent  water-power,  which  is 
ntilized  in  3  flour-mills.     Pop.  2039;  of  township,  2543. 

Tecumseh,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Johnson  co..  Neb., 
on  the  Big  Nemaha  River  and  the  Atchison  &  Nebraska 
Railroad,  4S  miles  S.E.  of  Lincoln,  and  about  32  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Nebraska  City.  It  has  4  churches,  2  newspaper 
offices,  2  hotels,  a  flour-mill,  a  bank,  Ac.    P.  in  1880,  1268. 

Tecumseh)  Ontario.    See  Ryegate. 

Tecum'seth,  or  Clarks'ville,  a  post- village  in  Sim- 
coe  CO.,  Ontario,  12  miles  W.  of  Bradford.  It  contains  a 
telegraph  office,  2  hotels,  2  stores,  and  3  saw-mills.   P.  200. 

Tccumseth)  Ontario.    See  Thamesville. 

Ted'ish)  a  post-village  in  Westmoreland  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  12  miles  from  Shediac.     Pop.  200. 

Tedia,  tfid'14,  or  Tefsa,  tSPsS,,  a  province  of  Morocco, 
immediately  W.  of  Mount  Atlas,  and  watered  by  aflluents 
of  the  river  Tensift.     Chief  town,  Tefsa. 

Tednest,  tdd'nfist',  a  town  in  the  dominions  and  73 
miles  W.  of  Morocco,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Tensift.  Esti- 
mated pop.  4000,  of  whom  1800  are  .Jews. 

Tedrow,  ted'ro,  or  Spring  Hill,  a  post-village  in 
Dover  township,  Fulton  co.,  0.,  6i  miles  N.  of  Wauscon. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  taHnery.  Here 
is  Tedrow  Post-Office. 

Tedsi,  tSd'see,  a  town  of  Morocco,  province  of  Soos,  25 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Terodant.     Pop.  14,000. 

Tedzen,  tfid-z8n',  or  Tejend,ti^j3nd'  (ano.  O'chusf), 
a  river  rising  in  the  Persian  province  of  Khorassan,  N.E. 
of  Meshed,  flows  through  the  N.E.  corner  of  the  province, 
and  is  lost  in  the  sands  of  the  desert.     Length,  250  miles. 

Teed's  Grove,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Clinton  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Sabula,  Ackley  &  Dakota  Railroad,  11  miles 
S.W.  of  Sabula. 

Tee'garden,  or  Tea  Garden,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Polk  township,  Marshall  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio 
Railroad,  77  miles  E.S.E.  of  Chicago,  and  about  10  miles 
N.  of  Plymouth.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Teegarden,  a  post-office  of  Columbiana  co.,  0. 

Teem'boo\  or  Timbo,  teem'bo\  a  town  of  Africa, 
In  Seneganibia,  capital  of  Foota-Jallon,  in  lat.  10°  30'  N., 
Ion.  10°  30'  W.     It  has  a  mosque  and  several  forts. 

Teen-Tsin,  or  Tin-Tsin,  teent'seen',  a  town  of 
China,  province  of  Pe-Chee-Lee,  on  the  Pei-Ho,  at  the 
commencement  of  the  Grand  Canal,  70  miles  S.E.  of  Pe- 
king. It  is  the  seat  of  an  extensive  trade,  and  a  great 
dep8t  for  salt. 

Teera,  tee'ri,  a  town  and  fort  of  India,  in  Cutch,  62 
miles  W.  of  Bhooj. 


Teereo,  tee'ree',  a  town  of  Beloochistan,  provinee  ( 
Sarawan,  70  miles  N.N.E.  of  Kolat,  on  the  route  to  Shan 

Tees,  teez,  a  river  of  England,  between  the  oos.  ( 
Durham  and  York,  nfter  nn  E.  course  of  UO  uiilus,  joins  tl 
North  Sea  by  an  estuary  nearly  3  miles  across,  10  tail 
E.N.E.  of  Stockton.  At  its  muuth  is  a  bar  with  from  1 
to  12  feet  of  water  at  low  and  from  20  to  28  feet  at  big 
tide;  the  river  is  tidal  to  Yarm,  and  navigable  to  Stockto 
for  vessels  of  60  tons'  burden.     In  it  is  a  salmon-fishery. 

Teesta,  a  river  of  India.    See  Amu. 

Tees'water,  a  post-village  in  Bruce  co.,  Ontario  o 
the  river  Tees,  and  on  the  Toronto,  Grey  A  Bruoe  Riii 
way,  120  miles  from  Toronto,  and  16  miles  fr«m  Walkei 
ton.  It  contains  an  iron-foundry,  nn  agricultural  itnpU 
ment  factory,  woollen-,  saw-,  and  flouring-mills,  a  tannery 
a  hotel,  and  about  12  stores.     Pop.  450. 

Tce'ters,  a  post-office  of  White  co.,  Tenn. 

Tee'terville,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk  co.,  Ont»ri( 
on  Big  Creek,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Simcoe.  It  contains  saw! 
grist-,  and  shingle-mills,  and  3  stores.      Pop.  200.  ! 

Teez,  or  Tiz,  teez,  a  village  of  Beloochixtan,  provinei 
of  Mekran,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Bay  of  Charbar,  130  mi. 
S.AV.  of  Kedje. 

Tefelneh,  a  town  of  Morocco.    See  Tafelner. 

TcflTe,  tfif'fi,  a  river  of  Brazil,  after  a  N.E.  course  n 
500  miles,  joins  the  Amazon  in  lat.  3°  40'  S.,  Ion.  64°  45'  Wl 

Teflis,  a  city  of  Georgia.     See  Tiflis.  } 

Tefsa,  tif'si,  or  Tefza,  tfifzl,  a  town  of  Morocco} 
capital  of  the  province  of  Tedla.  Lat.  32°  30'  N.;  Ion.  5 
45'  W.  On  the  opposite  side  of  the  river  is  the  small  towi 
of  Efza.  United  pop.  about  10,500,  partly  employed  ii 
manufactures  of  woollen  mantles.     See  also  Teula, 

Tegai,  island  of  Java.    See  Tag al. 

Tegal-Sari,  ti^gil'-si'ree,  a  town  of  Java,  province  ol 
Madion,  with  a  school  for  ecclesiastics,  where  about  8001 
youths  are  educated. 

Tegerhy,  t4g'?r-hee*,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Fezzan,  121 
miles  S.E.  of  Moorzook.  It  is  enclosed  by  a  wall,  and  bt; 
a  citadel. 

Tegernsee,  t&'gh?rn-si*,  a  village  and  lake  of  Biv 
varia,  31  miles  S.  of  Munich,     Length  of  lake,  4  miles. 

Teglio,  til'yo,  or  Tcllio,  tfil'le-o,  written  also  To^i 
glio,  til'yo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  E.  of  Sondrioi 
on  the  right  bunk  of  the  Adda.     Pop.  2845. 

Tegucigalpa,  ti-goo-se-gM'pi,  a  town  of  Ilondurai 
on  a  table-land,  40  miles  S.W.  of  Coinayagua.  Pop! 
12,000.  It  is  the  largest  and  finest  city  in  the  republic,  anc^ 
in  its  vicinity  are  gold-,  silver-,  and  copper-mines.  j 

Tegueste,  ti-gh5s'ti,  a  village  of  the  Canaries,  on  tbej 
N.W.  of  the  island  of  Tcnerifl"e. 

Teguise,  ti-ghee'si,  a  town  of  the  Canaries,  capital  oi 
the  island  of  Lanzarote,  near  its  centre.  | 

Tegulet,  t5g-99-16t',  a  town  of  Abyssinia,  in  Shoa,  of 
which  it  was  formerly  the  capital,  18  miles  W.  of  Ankober; 

Tehachapi,  California.     See  TKHiciim.  ' 

Tehama,  ti-hi'mfl  (i.e.,  "  low  land"),  a  plain  of; 
Arabia,  extepding  along  its  W.  coast  from  Ras  Mohammeii 
to  Jiddah,  a  distance  of  550  miles. 

Tehama,  or  Uatna,  bit'ni,  a  plain  of  Arabia,  in  the 
Muscat  dominions,  bordering  on  the  Red  Sea,  and  extend- 
ing to  the  Strait  of  Bab-el-Mandeb.  It  is  from  20  to  40 
miles  in  width. 

Tehama,  te-ha'mah,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Cali- 
fornia, has  an  area  of  about  2550  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Sacramento  River,  and  also  drained  by  the 
Antelope,  Beaver,  Cottonwood,  Deer,  Reed,  and  Rock 
Creeks.  The  Coast  Range  of  mountains  extends  along  the 
W.  border,  and  the  eastern  part  of  the  county  is  occupied 
by  mountains  connected  with  the  Sierra  Nevada.  Between 
these  lies  an  extensive  and  fertile  valley  or  plain,  which  is 
destitute  of  forests.  AVheat,  wool,  barley,  cattle,  wine,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  Pine  and  other  good  timber 
are  abundant  in  the  eastern  highlands.  Copper  is  said  to 
be  found  here.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Oregon 
division  of  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad.  Ca]>itftl,_  Ked 
Blufl".  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $3,067,286, 
Pop.  in  1870,  3587;  in  1880,  9.301.  ' 

"Tehama,  a  post-village  of  Tehama  eo.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Sacramento  River  and  the  Oregon  division  of  the  Central 
Pacific  Railroad,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Red  Bluff".  It  has  sev- 
eral stores  and  2  churches.  Pop.  about  500.  It  is  mainly 
supported  by  agriculture. 

Tehama,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  Kansas. 

Teheran,  t4h'her-an',  or  Tehran,  t4h-r4n',  written 
also  'Tehraun,  the  capital  city  of  Persia,  province  of 
Irak-Ajemee,  70  miles  S.  of  the  Caspian  Sea,  and  210  mile! 
N.  of  Ispahan,     Lat.  35°  42'  N.;  Ion.  51°  20'  50"  E.  Sta- 


TEir 


2595 


TEL 


tionary  population  is  estimated  at  from  1-10,000  upwards, 
but  is  much  increased  during  the  residence  of  the  court.  It 
'.  is  ahout  5  miles  in  circuit,  and  enclosed  by  nn  earthen  wall 
j  flanked  with  towers,  a  glacis,  and  a  dry  trench.  The  ex- 
i  ternal  appearance  is  picturesquo;  its  mosques,  colleges,  and 
j  caravansaries  are  in  good  repair,  and  it  has  well-furnished 
,  shops  and  bazaars,  with  some  large  palaces  of  the  nobility; 
]  but  its  dwellings  are  mostly  built  of  earth,  the  streets  are 
i  moan  and  wretchedly  paved,  and  in  summer  it  is  so  un- 
1  healthy  that  the  shah  and  the  upper  classes  leave  it  to  en- 
camp on  the  plains  of  Sultaneeyah,  about  150  miles  N.W. 
The  royal  citadel  is  extensive,  and  comprises,  besides  the 
I  royal  harem  and  apartments,  a  magnificent  saloon,  the  pub- 
lic offices,  quarters  for  the  royal  guards,  numerous  baths, 
and  gardens.  On  a  height  near  the  city  is  another  royal 
palace,  with  fine  grounds.  Teheran  has  manufactures  of 
carpets  and  iron  goods ;  its  vicinity  is  fertile,  and  covered 
with  villages.  It  became  the  Persian  capital  towards  the 
end  of  the  last  century.  On  its  S.  side,  and  about  25  miles 
E.,  are  extensive  ruins,  and  one  of  these  localities  marks 
the  site  of  the  ancient  liha'gie. 

Teheran,  te-ho'ran,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mason  co..  III., 
on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  <k  Western  Railroad,  6  j 
miles  W,  of  Mason  City. 

Tcheroot,  or  Tehrut,  t6h-h'root',  a  town  of  Persia, 
province  and  80  miles  E.S.E.  of  Kerman.  Its  vicinity  is 
productive  of  corn,  sugar,  cotton,  tobacco,  and  fruits. 

Tehichipa,  te-hich'?-])!,  a  post-village  and  summer 
resort  of  Kern  co.,  Cal.,  3  miles  from  Tehichipa  Summit, 
which  is  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  350  miles  S.E. 
of  San  Francisco.  It  has  2  churches,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a 
lime-kiln.     Gold  and  marble  are  found  near  it. 

Tehri,  a  state  of  India.    See  Guriiwal. 

Tehuacan,  ti-wl-k4n',  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  and 
65  miles  S.E.  of  Puebla.     Pop.  12,000. 

■  Tehnacana,  td,-wah'k5,-nl,  a  post-village  of  Lime- 
litone  CO.,  Tex.,  near  the  Houston  <fe  Texas  Central  Railroad, 
5  miles  from  Mexia  Station,  which  is  83  miles  S.  of  Dallas, 
and  about  60  miles  W.  of  Palestine.  It  is  the  seat  of  Trinity 
University  (Cumberland  Presbjterian),  which  was  founded 
in  1870  and  has  about  350  students.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  manufactory  of  cotton-presses.     Pop.  about  500. 

Tehuantepec,  td-wS,n-t4-p6k',  a  river-port  town  of 
Mexico,  on  the  river  Tehuantepec,  150  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Oajaca.  Pop.  15,000  (mostly  descendants  of  Indians),  who 
export  indigo  and  salt  and  have  some  fisheries  and  a  coast- 
ing-trade.    See  also  Isthmus  and  Gulf  of  Tehuantepec. 

Teify,  or  Tivy  (both  pronounced  ti'vee),  a  river  of 
North  Wales,  rises  in  Cardiganshire,  flows  S.W.  and  AV., 
past  Lampeter,  Newoastle-in-Emlyn,  and  Cardigan,  sepa- 
rating that  county  on  the  N.  from  Carmarthenshire  and 
Pembrokeshire,  and  enters  Cardigan  Bay.  Length,  about 
,70  miles. 

Teign,  tain,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Devon,  rises  in 
Dartmoor,  flows  E.,  S.,  and  again  E.,  between  the  Dart  and 
ihe  Exe,  and  enters  the  English  Channel  at  Teignmouth. 
Length,  45  miles. 

,  Teignmouth,  tin'miith,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Devon,  on  both  sides  of  the  Teign,  at  its  mouth  in  the 
English  Channel,  12i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Exeter,  on  the  South 
Devon  Railway.  The  town  is  a  place  of  resort  for  sea- 
bathing. It  has  an  octagonal  church,  other  places  of  wor- 
ship, a  bathing-establishment,  library,  spacious  assembly- 
rooms,  a  small  theatre,  a  dock-yard,  and  a  qua}',  from  which 
granite  and  pipe-clay  are  exported.  The  chief  imports  are 
3oal  and  culm.  Pop.  of  East  Teignmouth,  2443;  of  West 
Teignmouth,  4308. 
:    Teil,  Le,  a  village  of  France.    See  Le  Teil. 

Teilleul,  Le,  l§h  ti'yul'  or  taiPyuI',  a  town  of  France, 
In  Manche,  8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mortain.     Pop.  781. 

Teinitz,  ti'nits,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  27  miles  S.E.  of 
Beraun,  on  the  railway  from  Prague  to  Olmutz.  Pop.  2581. 
pee  also  Bischof-Teinitz. 

■  Teissholz,  tiss'holts,  or  Tiszoicz,  tees^solts',  a  town 
of  Hungary,  21  miles  N.W.  of  Gomor  Sajo.     Pop.  3294. 

'  Teith,  teeth,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Perth,  rises 
near  Callender,  flows  S.E.,  and  joins  the  Forth  River  2i 
miles  N.W.  of  Stirling. 

Teja,  a  town  of  Morocco.    See  Teza. 
^    Tejeda,  or  Texeda,  ti.-nd,'Di,  a  sierra  of  Spain,  in 
Andalusia,  separating  the  province  of  Granada  from  the 
province  of  Malaga.     It  abounds  with  mines. 
.    Tejeda,  a  village  of  the  Canaries,  on  Gran  Canaria. 

Tejend,  Khorassan.     See  Tedzen. 

Tejiras,  ti-nee'ris,  a  village  of  Bernalillo  co..  New 
Mexico,  about  25  miles  E.  of  Albuquerque.  It  has  a  church. 
Gold  is  said  to  be  found  here. 


Tejo,  a  river  of  Spain.     See  Taous.  ', 

Tejon,  tA-Hon',  a  post-ofiBce  of  Kern  co.,  Cal. 

Tejiico,  a  city  of  Brazil.     See  Dia.mantina. 

Tejutia,  or  Tcxntia,  t4-Hoot'14,  a  town  of  Central 
America,  state  and  lfi5  miles  N.AV.  of  Guatemala. 

Tekama,  to-kii'mah,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Burt 
CO.,  Neb.,  on  the  Omaha  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  47  miles 
N.  by  AV.  of  Omaha,  and  about  4  miles  W.  of  the  Missouri. 
It  has  a  newspaper  oSice,  2  churches,  a  bank,  «to.     P.  776. 

Tekax,  ti-kan'  (?),  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  Yucatan,  be- 
tween A''alIadolid  and  Merida.     Il  is  well  built. 

Teke,  ti'kd,  or  Teckendorf,  tfik'^n-doisP,  a  market 
town  of  Transylvania,  co.  and  50  miles  E.N.E.  of  Klauscn- 
burg,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Sajo  ("Salt")  River,  with  a 
salt  lake,  from  which  much  salt  is  made.     Pop.  1749. 

Teke  Dere,  ti'ki  dA'ri,  a  river  of  European  Turkey, 
joins  the  Erkene  on  the  right,  32  miles  S.E.  of  Adrianople. 
Total  course,  about  70  miles. 

Tckecr-  (or  Tekir-)  Dagh,  t^-keer' dSg,  a  moun- 
tain-range  of  European  Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  extending 
from  the  Maritza  to  the  Sea  of  Marmora  at  Rodosto,  to 
which  town  it  gives  its  own  name  among  the  Turks. 

Tek»Naaf,  a  navigable  river  of  Aracan.     See  Naaf. 

Tckonsha,  te-kCn'sha,  a  post-village  in  Tekonsha 
township,  Calhoun  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  St.  Joseph  River,  and 
on  the  Air-Line  division  of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad, 
33  miles  AV.S.AV.  of  Jackson,  and  about  12  miles  S.  of  Mar- 
shall. It  has  a  graded  school,  3  churches,  manufactures  of 
carriages,  staves,  Ac,  a  planing-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a 
money-order  post-ofiice.     Pop.  500  ;  of  township,  1547. 

Tekonsha,  te-koo'sha.  a  post-office  of  Nance  co.,  Neb, 

Tekrit,  td-krit'  (anc.  liirtha),  a  town  of  Asiatic  Tur- 
key, 97  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Bagdad,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Tigris.  It  is  enclosed  by  old  walls,  outside  of  which  are 
numerous  remains  of  the  ancient  city. 

Tekrova,  tA-kro'vi,  or  Fionda,  fee-on'di  (.inc.  Pha- 
selie),  a  village  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the  W.  shore  of  the  Galf 
of  Adalia,  23  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Adalia. 

Telav,  or  Tela\v,ti-l3,v',  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Trans- 
caucasia. 35  miles  N.E.  of  Tiflis.     Pop.  6209. 

Tel  Basta,  a  town  of  Egypt.     See  Bubastis. 

Telcha,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland.     See  Telsh. 

Telde,  tfil'dd,  a  city  of  the  Canaries,  island  of  (Jran 
Canaria,  E.  of  Las  Palmas,  in  a  beautiful  plain  called  A'ega 
Maj'or,  about  2  miles  from  the  sea.  The  streets  are  broad 
and  straight.  There  are  3  squares,  in  one  of  which  arc  the 
town  house  and  prisons,  the  parish  church,  an  elegant  struc- 
ture, and  the  Alameda.  It  has  some  manufactures  of  plain 
linens,  flour-mills,  and  a  hospital.  On  the  sea-shore,  to  the 
E.  of  the  town,  there  is  a  mineral  spring,  resorted  to  from 
all  parts  of  the  island.  Grain,  cochineal,  and  blue  paving- 
flags  are  exported. 

Tel'egraph  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calaveras  co., 
Cal.,  about  60  miles  S.E.  of  Sacramento.  It  i?  on  the 
Stockton  &  Coppcropolis  Railroad,  30  miles  E.  of  Stockton. 

Telegraph  Road,  a  station  in  Fairfax  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Alexandria  &  Fredericksburg  Railroad,  13i  miles  S.AV. 
of  Alexandria. 

Tel  el  Ashtereh,  Syria.    See  Ashtauoth. 

Teleinbi,  ti-16m-bee',  a  river  of  Ecuador,  rises  in  the 
AA'^.  slope  of  the  Andes,  flows  N.,  and  joins  the  Patia  a  little 
above  its  mouth  in  the  Pacific,  after  a  course  of  80  miles. 

Tel'cscope  Peak,  a  mountain  of  California,  near  the 
AAA.  border  of  the  Death  Valley,  about  35  miles  E.  of  Owen's 
Lake.     Altitude,  10,938  feet. 

Tclese,  ti-li'sj,  (anc.  Tele'sia),  a  decayed  episcopal 
town  of  Italy,  province  and  14  miles  N.E.  of  Caserta,  on 
the  Calore. 

Teletskoi,  a  lake  of  Siberia.    See  Altin. 

Tel'fair,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  S.  and  S.AV.  by  the  Ocmulgee  River,  and  on  the  N.E. 
by  the  Little  Ocmulgee,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Sugar 
Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  mostly  covered 
with  forests,  in  which  the  pine  abounds.  The  soil  is  sandy. 
The  cypress,  gum,  ash,  and  oak  are  found  here.  Maize, 
cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Macon  <fe  Brunswick  Railroad.  Capital,  Jiicksonville. 
A''aluation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $465,450.  Pop.  iu 
1870,  3245,  of  whom  3240  were  Americans;  in  1880,  4823. 

Telfair  Creek,  Georgia.    See  IIuruicane  Cheek. 

Tel'l'er,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  8 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Komoka.     Pop.  150. 

Telford,  tgl'f^rd,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  Co., 
Pa.,  in  Franconia  township,  on  the  North  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  29  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  several 
stores,  flour-mills,  wagon-shops,  <jtc. 


TEL 


2596 


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Telford,  Washington  oo.,  Tenn.    See  Millwood. 

Telfs,  tdlfs,  a  village  of  Tyrol,  circle  of  Iinst,  on  the 
left  bunk  of  the  Inn.     Pop.  2 107. 

Telgte,  tdla'tfh,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  7 
miles  K.N.E.  of  MUnstcr,  on  the  Ems.     Fop.  2360. 

Teligool,  Teligoulf  or  Teligul,  t^-lo-gool',  a  river 
of  Russia,  f^ovcrnuient  of  Kherson,  falls  into  a  bay  of  its 
own  name  25  miles  N.E.  of  Odessa. 

Tcliornian,  tdMo-or-m&n',  a  river  of  Roumania,  rises 
in  a  mountain -slope,  80  miles  N.W.  of  Bucharest,  flows  cir- 
ouitously  S.S.E.,  and,  aftir  a  course  of  00  miles,  joins  the 
Vode  20  miles  above  its  mouth  in  the  Danube. 

Teliscof,  t«ris-ltof',  or  Telkif,  til-kit',  a  town  of 
Asiatic  Turkey,  15  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mosul,  in  a  large  and 
fertile  plain  celebrated  for  the  passage  of  Xonophon  over 
it,  and  for  the  battle  of  Arbela,  gained  by  Alexander  the 
Groat.     Pop.  about  4000. 

Telki-Banyaf  tdrkee^-b&n'ySh\  a  village  of  Hun- 
gary, CO.  of  Aba  Uj  Vdr,  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Kaschau,  with 
gold-mines  and  chalybeate  baths.     Pop.  1326. 

Tell  City,  a  post-village  of  Perry  co.,  Ind.,  in  Troy 
township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  4  miles  below  Cannel- 
ton.  It  is  partly  supported  by  operations  in  coal,  which  is 
mined  here.  Two  weekly  newspapers  (1  in  German)  are 
published  here.  Tell  City  has  a  national  bank,  1  other 
Dank,  3  churches,  a  foundry,  a  woollen-mill,  2  manufac- 
tories of  chairs  and  3  of  furniture.     Pop.  in  1880,  2112. 

Tellicherry,  tdl-le-chdr'ree,  a  fortified  seaport  town 
of  British  India,  presidency  of  Madrn^,  district  of  Malabar, 
43  miles  N.N.W.  of  Calicut.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  and  an 
active  export  trade  in  spices,  sandal-wood,  Ac.     P.  20,504. 

Tel'lico,  a  small  river  which  rises  in  Cherokee  co., 
N.C.,  and  passes  into  East  Tennessee.  It  runs  northward 
through  Monroe  co.,  and  enters  the  Little  Tennessee  River 
about  15  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Tellico  Plains,  a  post-ofiBce  of  Monroe  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Tellico  River,  about  50  miles  S.S.W.  of  Knoxville. 

Tellio,  a  village  of  Italy.    See  Teolio. 

Tellurium,  tel-lu're-um,  post-office,  Hinsdale  co.,  Col. 

Telraessus,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Makree. 

Teloga  (te-lo'gah)  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Chattooga 
CO.,  Ga.,  32  miles  N.W.  of  Rome. 

Telo-Martius,  the  ancient  name  of  Toulox. 

TePoogoos',  or  Telugu,  tsroo-goo',  a  people  of 
Southern  India,  of  Dravidian  stock.  Their  language,  which 
has  been  cultivated  for  many  centuries,  is  distinguished  for 
sweetness  and  fluency,  and  is  called  the  Italian  of  India. 
This  people  numbers  some  15,500,000,  and  is  found  in  the 
Madras  presidency,  along  the  E.  coast.  Many  have  be- 
come Christians. 

Telsh,  tfllsh,  Telcha,  tSl'shi,  Telschi,  or  Tel- 
tschi,  tSl'shee,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Kovno, 
150  miles  N.W.  of  Vilna.     Pop.  6481. 

Teltow,  tSl'tov,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg,  9 
miles  E.  of  Potsdam.     Pop.  3397. 

Teltsch,  tfiltch,  a  town  of  Moravia,  17  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Iglau.  Pop.  4021.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen 
cloth  and  tobacco. 

Temacin,  Temachin,  ti^ml-checn',  or  El-Gue- 
cer,  51-g4^sair',  a  town  of  Algeria,  capital  of  an  oasis  of 
the  same  name,  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Tooggoort.  Lat.  33°  20' 
N. ;  Ion.  0°  50'  E.  It  is  surrounded  by  a  loop-holed  wall 
and  a  ditch,  dry  in  summer. 

Temascaltepec,  ti-mis-kil-ti-pSk',  a  town  of  Mex- 
ico, state  and  68  miles  S.W.  of  Mexico,  in  a  deep  valley. 
It  formerly  owed  its  prosperity  to  the  rich  mines  of  silver 
worked  in  its  vicinity.     Pop.  5000. 

Tembleque,  tdm-bli'k4,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  30  miles  S.E.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  4198. 

Tembnctoo,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Timbuctoo. 

Temby,  tSm'bee,  the  southernmost  of  three  rivers  which 
enter  English  River  in  Delagoa  Bay,  East  Africa,  and 
whence  it  has  been  navigated  upwards  for  46  miles. 

Teine,  tfim,  a  river  of  South  Wales,  rises  5  miles  S.E. 
of  Newtown,  in  Montgomery  co.,  flows  E.  between  the  cos. 
of  Radnor  and  Salop,  and  joins  the  Severn  3  miles  S.  of 
Worcester.     Total  course,  60  miles. 

Temecula,  te-mek'u-la,  a  post-office  of  San  Diego  co., 
Cal.,  60  miles  N.  of  San  Diego.     Here  is  a  sulphur  spring. 

Temeer-Khan-Shoora,  or  Temir-Chan-Shn- 
ra,  tA-meer'-K4n-shoo'r&,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Daghestan, 
25  miles  S.W.  of  Petrovsk.     Pop.  5094. 

Temerin,  ti'mi^rin',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  34 
miles  E.  of  Bacs.     Pop.  7295. 

Temes,  tfim'fish',  written  also  Temesch,  a  river  of 
Southeast  Hungary,  in  the  Banat,  rises  in  the  Carpathian 
Mountains,  flows  N.W.  and  S.,  and  joins  the  Danube  6 


miles  E.  of  IJelgnidc.  Total  course,  180  miles.  The  prin- 
cipal affluents  are  the  Bisztru,  Bogonicz,  and  Bcrzava.  It 
gives  name  to  a  county  of  which  Temcsvar  is  the  capital. 

Teni'c8cal,a  post-hamk-t  of  San  Bernardino  co.,  Cal. 
about  50  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Los  Angeles.   Tin  is  found  here! 

Temesvar,  or  Temeswar,  t4in'4»h-v&ii',  written 
also  Temeschwar,  a  fortified  city  of  Hungary,  capital 
of  a  county  of  its  own  name,  at  a  railway  junction,  on  the 
Alt-Bega  and  the  Bega Canal,  72  miles  N.N.K.  of  Belgrade 
Lat.  45°  42'  N.  j  Ion.  21°  20'  E.  Pop.  32,223,  comprising 
Hungarians,  Germans,  Greeks,  Wallachs,  and  Jews.  It  ia 
enclosed  by  walls,  and  entered  by  3  gates,  beyond  each  of 
which  there  is  a  suburb.  The  houses  are  of  solid  con. 
struction,  the  streets  spacious,  and  there  are  a  number  of 
regularly  formed  and  handsome  squares.  The  principal 
buildings  are  the  cathedral,  which  is  a  handsome  Uolhio 
structure  ;  the  Greek  cathedral,  a  grand  syniigoguo,  palace 
of  the  government,  town  house,  theatre,  convents,  college, 
gymnasium,  high  school,  normal  school,  arsenal,  and  civil 
and  military  hospitals.  The  manufactures  consist  of  wool. 
lens,  oil,  paper,  tobacco,  and  wine.  There  are  also  (ilk- 
mills.  The  transit  trade,  consisting  chiefly  of  corn,  is  of 
great  importance,  and  is  much  facilitated  by  the  Bega 
Canal,  which  communicates  with  the  Danube.  Temcsvar 
is  the  scat  of  a  Greek  bishop,  of  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop, 
and  of  a  high  court,  with  jurisdiction  over  the  Bannt. 
According  to  D'Anvillc,  Temesvar  is  the  ancient  Thjbii- 
CM  to  which  the  poet  Ovid  was  banished.  In  1582  it  wu 
taken  and  sacked  by  the  Turks,  in  whose  possession  it  re- 
mained till  1718,  when  it  was  taken  from  them  by  Prince 
Eugene,  almost  entirely  rebuilt,  and  fortified.  In  1849  it 
stood  a  siege  of  107  days  by  the  insurgents,  and  was  re- 
lieved by  Haynau,  but  not  before  nearly  every  house  had 
been  damaged  by  the  bombardment. 

Temiscamingue,  te-mis'ka-ming,  a  lake  of  CannHa. 
Lat.  47°  30'  N.;  Ion.  80°  W.  Length,  30  miles;  breadth, 
15  miles.  It  discharges  its  surplus  waters  into  the  Ottawa 
River  at  Temiscamingue  House. 

Temiscamingue  (te-mis'ka-ming)  House,  or 
Oba<Uiowang,  o-bad-je-o-wang',  an  Indian  village  and 
post  of  the  Hudson  Bay  Company,  on  the  E.  side  of  Lakt 
Temiscamingue,  Pontiac  CO.,  Quebec,  90  miles  from  Mat- 
tawa.     Pop.  300. 

Temiscouata,  tSm'is-koo-i'tl  or  tdm'is-kwl'tl,  i 
beautiful  lake  of  Canada,  province  and  130  miles  N.E.  of 
Quebec,  22  miles  long  and  from  1  to  2i  miles  in  breadth 
and  sufficiently  deep  for  vessels  of  considerable  burden. 

Temiscouata,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Quebet, 
bordering  on  the  St.  Lawrence  on  the  N.,  and  on  New  Bruns- 
wick and  the  state  of  Maine  on  the  S.  Area,  1770  square 
miles.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Intercolonial  Rail- 
way and  by  the  Fredericton  ifc  Riviere  du  Loup  Railway. 
Capital,  Isle  Verte.     Pop.  22,491. 

Temkanmardi,  tem-k&n-mar'dee,  a  town  of  India, 
in  Belgaum.     Pop.  6296. 

Temnikov,  or  Temnikow,  tfim-ne-kov',  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  150  miles  N.N.E.  of  Tambov,  on 
the  Moksha.     Pop.  6592. 

Temourtou-Nor,  Toorkistan.    See  Tooz-Gooi.. 

Tempe,  tfim'pi,  a  valley  of  Europe,  in  the  N.E.  of 
Thessaly,  between  the  mountains  of  Olympus  on  the  N.  and 
Ossa  on  the  S.  The  beauties  of  its  scenery  are  much  cele- 
brated by  ancient  writei-s. 

Tem'pe,  a  post-village  of  Maricopa  co.,  Arizona,  29 
miles  from  Maricopa  Station.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Tempelburg,  tfim'p^l-bSSKO^  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Pomerania,  44  miles  S.  of  Coslin.     Pop.  4381. 

Tem'perance,  a  post-office  of  Telfair  co.,  Ga.,  near 
the  Ocmulgee  River. 

Temperance  Hall,  a  post-hamlet  of  De  Kalb  eft, 
Tenn.,  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lebanon.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
flour-mill,  Ac. 

Temperance  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Mia. 

Temperance  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  S.C. 

Tem'peranceville,a  post-hamlet  of  Belmont  co.,0., 
40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Marietta.    It  has  a  church.     Pop.  120. 

Temperanccvil  I  e,  a  former  borough  of  Alleghany  CO., 
Pa.,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Ohio  River,  l\  miles  below  Pitts- 
burg. It  has  6  churches,  a  bank,  salt-works,  a  rolling-mill, 
2  breweries,  and  a  planing-mill.  It  was  incorporated  with 
Pittsburg  in  1873. 

Temperanceville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Accomack  co., 
Va.,  16  miles  S.  of  Newtown,  Md.  It  has  2  churches  and  » 
saw-mill. 

Temperanceville,  Ontario.    See  Orwell. 

Tempesca,  tfim-pfis'ki,  a  river  of  Europe,  rises  in  the 
N.  slope  of  Mount  Argentaro,  in  the  S.E.  of  Servia,  flowi 


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circuitously  N.N.W.,  and,  after  a  course  of  60  miles,  joins 
the  Morava  on  the  right,  6  miles  below  Perekop, 
j  Tempe  Vale,  a  hamlet  of  Scioto  co.,  0.,  2  miles  W.  of 
Portsmouth.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  10  houses. 
I  Tempio,  tdm'pe-o,  or  Tempio  Pausania,  t5m'pe-o 
puiT-si'ne-1,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Sardinia,  on  a  moun- 
tain, 31  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sassari.     Pop.  5003. 

Tempisque,  tim-pees'kd,  a  river  of  the  AV.  part  of 
Costa  Rica,  after  a  S.  course,  enters  the  Gulf  of  Nicoya  8 
miles  N.  of  Nicoya. 

Tcin  Piute,  pi-yute',  a  post-oflBce  and  silver-mining 
;ainp  of  Lincoln  co.,  Nev.,  180  miles  S.  of  Eureka. 

Temple,  tem'p^l,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hillsborough  co., 
N.ll.,  in  Temple  township,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Greenville 
station,  and  about  25  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Manchester.  It  has 
I  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  421. 

Temple,  a  post-village  in  Muhlenberg  township,  Berks 
;o..  Pa.,  on  the  East  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  5  miles  N,  of 
Heading.     It  has  iron-furnaces  and  a  carriage-factory. 

Temple  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Barren  co.,  Ky.,  9 
iiiles  S.  of  Glasgow.     It  has  a  church  and  3  stores. 

Templeman's  (tem'p^l-manz)  Cross  Roads,  a 
30st-village  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Va.,  50  miles  S.E.  of 
Fredericksburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Temple  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co..  Me.,  in 
Temple  township,  6  miles  W.N.W.  of  Farmington.  It  has 
i  churches. 

Tem'plemore',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Tipperary, 
)n  the  Great  Southern  &  Western  Railway,  8  miles  N.  of 
I'hurles.  It  chiefly  consists  of  one  street,  and  has  a  hand- 
!ome  church,  a  Roman  Catholic  chapel,  endowed  school, 
lospital,  dispensary,  bridewell,  and  large  barracks. 

Temples,  tem'p^lz,  a  hamlet  of  Je3"erson  co.,  Pa.,  9 
niles  from  Brookvillo. 

Temple's  Mills,  a  post-ofiico  of  Bradford  co.,  Fla., 
tt  or  near  Temple  Station. 

Templeton,  tem'p?l-ton,  a  post-village  of  Benton  co., 
nd.,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Lafayette  &  Chicago  Railroad,  at 
ts  junction  with  a  branch  of  the  AVabash  Railroad,  19  miles 
iV.N.AV.  of  Lafayette. 

Templeton,  a  post-village  in  Templeton  township, 
iVorcester  co.,  Mass.,  i  mile  from  Templeton  Station  of 
he  AVare  River  Railroad,  and  10  miles  S.  of  Winchendon. 
.!t  has  a  savings-bank,  a  hotel,  6  churches,  and  manufac- 
jures  of  chairs,  furniture,  tin-ware,  woollen  goods,  and 
Boots  and  shoes.  Pop.  2764.  The  township  also  contains 
'Sast  Templeton,  Baldwinsville,  and  Otter  River. 
.  Templeton,  a  station  of  the  A''ermont  &  Massachusetts 
ilailroad,  19  miles  AV.  of  Fitchburg,  Mass. 

Templeton,  a  township  of  Atchison  co.,  Mo.     P.  974. 

Templeton,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Armstrong 
-'0.,  Pa.,  on  the  Alleghany  River  and  the  Alleghany  Valley 
Railroad,  9  miles  N.  of  Kittanning.  It  has  3  churches. 
I  Templeton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prince  George  co.,  A^'a., 
ibout  14  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Petersburg.  It  has  a  plough- 
actory  and  a  wagon-shop. 

,  Templeton, formerly  Gatineau  (giHee'no')Point, 
I  post-village  in  Ottawa  co.,  Quebec,  at  the  confluence  of 
he  rivers  Gatineau  and  Ottawa,  2  miles  from  Ottawa.  It 
contains  6  stores  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  200. 

Templeuve,  tftM^pluv',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hal- 
laut,  on  the  French  frontier,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Tournay,  on 
he  railway  to  Brussels.     Pop.  3415. 

Templeuve,  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  8  miles  S.E. 
)f  Lille.     Pop.  912. 

Templeville,  tem'p^l-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Queen 
Anne  co.,  Md.,  about  50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Baltimore, 
j  Templin,  tSm'plin.a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg, 
U  Lake  Dolgen,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Neu-Strelitz.  Pop.  4012. 
1  Teni'plin,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVabaunsee  co.,  Kansas,  18 
niles  from  Council  Grove.     It  has  a  church. 

Tem'po,  a   village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Fermanagh,  on 
.he  Tempo,  8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Enniskillen.     Pop.  422. 
I   Tem'po,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  4 
niles  AV.  of  Glanworth.     Pop.  150. 

I  Temrook,  Temrouk,  or  Temruk,  tSm-rook',  a 
brtified  town  of  Russia,  on  a  peninsula  on  the  S.  side  of 
he  Sea  of  Azof,  about  30  miles  E,  of  the  Strait  of  Yeni- 
ialo.     Lat.  45"  15'  N. ;  Ion.  37°  10'  E.     Pop.  7426. 

Temsche,  or  Temsica.    See  Tamise. 

TenaHy,  ten'fi,f-lee,  a  post-hamlet  in  Palisade  township, 
Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Northern  Railroad  of  New  Jersey, 
16  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City,  and  nearly  1  mile  AV.  of  the 
Hudson  River.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
•ubber  goods  and  of  boots  and  shoes.     Pop.  in  1880,  1019. 

Ten'allytown,  a  post-village  of  the  District  of  Colum- 
bia, 6  miles  N.N.AV.  of  the  capitol. 


Tenancingo,  ti-nln-sing'go,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state 
and  30  miles  S.S.AV.  of  the  city  of  Mexico. 

Tenangon,  a  river  of  Michigan.    See  Ontonagon. 

Ten'ant's  Har'bor,  a  post-village  in  St.  George 
township,  Knox  co..  Me.,  on  a  small  inlet  of  the  ocean, 
about  12  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Rockland.  It  has  a  fine  harbor, 
a  church,  a  high  school,  and  a  hotel. 

Tenasserim,  t6n-as's(;h-rim,  or  Tanas'serem,  a  | 
river  of  Tenasserim,   rises   in   lat.   14°  30'   N.,    flows   S.  ' 
through  a  narrow  valley,  but  near  the  town  of  Tenasserim 
turns  sharply  AV.,  and  enters  the  Indian  Ocean  in  lat.  12° 
N.,  by  3  principal  mouths,  enclosing  two  islands,  on  the  N. 
of  which  stands  the  town  of  Mergui.    Total  course,  220  miles. 

Tenasserim,  a  town  in  the  southernmost  part  of  Ten-  ■ 
asserim,  taken  from  the  Burmese  in  1826,  on  the  S.  bank 
of  the  river  Tenasserim,  50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Mergui.     Lat. 
11°  49'  N.;  Ion.  99°  10'  E. 

Tenasserim,  a  division  or  commissionership  of  British 
Burmah,  comprising  the  districts  of  Toungoo,  Shway-gyeen, 
Salwin,  Amherst,  Tavoy,  and  Mergui.  Area,  43,047  square 
miles.  Capital,  Maulmain.  Pop.  696,525,  chiefly  Karens, 
Burmese,  Shans,  and  Peguans.  It  is  mostly  a  long,  narrow 
strip,  having  Siam  on  the  E.  and  the  sea  on  the  AV. ;  but 
its  N.  extension  lies  between  Pegu  on  the  AV^.  and  the  Shan 
country  and  Laos  on  the  N.  and  E.  The  surface  is  mostly 
mountainous,  and  covered  with  fine  forests;  but  there  are 
some  alluvial  plains  well  adapted  to  the  culture  of  cotton, 
indigo,  and  tobacco,  which,  with  rice,  sugar-cane,  numerous 
fruits,  excellent  teak  and  sapan-wood,  in  the  N.,  bamboos, 
rattans,  various  drugs  and  gums,  betel,  cocoa-nuts,  bala- 
chong,  tortoise-shell,  horns,  and  coal  at  Mergui,  are  the 
chief  products.  The  principal  rivers  are  the  Salwin,  the  At- 
taram,  the  Ye,  the  Tavoy,  and  the  Tenasserim.  Along  the 
shore  islands  of  various  magnitude  occur,  the  principal  of 
which  is  the  island  of  Balu,  opposite  Maulmain,  which  has 
a  greater  number  of  inhabitants,  in  proportion,  than  any 
other  part  of  these  provinces.  The  climate  is  healthy,  the 
thermometer  ranging  from  75°  to  98°.  The  annual  fall  of 
rain  is  108  inches.  The  rainy  season  continues  from  May 
to  October,  after  a  dry  season  of  six  months.  Iron  and  tin 
are  plentiful  in  the  provinces  of  Tavoy  and  Mergui,  but 
few  mines  are  wrought.  Elephants,  rhinoceroses,  tigers,  the 
wild  hog,  and  great  numbers  of  deer  abound  in  the  forests. 
The  population  are  mostly  Booddhists,  except  the  Karens ; 
they  manufacture  cotton  and  some  silk  fabrics.  The  ports 
are  free,  and  many  vessels  are  built  on  the  coast.  The 
country  passed  into  the  hands  of  the  British  by  the  peace 
of  Yandabo,  which  terminated  the  Burmese  war,  in  1826. 

Tenay,  t§h-ni',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ain,  30  miles 
from  Bourg-en-Brcsse.  It  has  silk-  and  woollen-mills. 
Pop.  2459. 

"ren'brook,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co.,  Tenn. 

Tenbury,  t5n'b§r-e,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  18 
miles  AV.N.AV.  of  AVorcester,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Teme. 
Pop.  1210.  It  has  various  schools,  a  trade  in  hops  and  cider, 
tanning,  and  glove-making,  and  a  popular  mineral  spring. 

Ten'by  (AVelsh,  Benbych-y-Pyngod,  den'biK  c  pis'god), 
a  seaport  town  of  AVales,  co.  and  9  miles  E.  of  Pembroke,  on 
the  AV.  side  of  Carmarthen  Bay.  Pop.  3810.  The  town,  par- 
tially enclosed  by  the  remains  of  strong  walls,  consists  chiefly 
of  a  long  and  spacious  street,  and  has  a  church  and  various 
chapels,  national  and  other  schools  and  charities,  a  town 
hall,  market-house,  assembly-rooms,  theatre,  remains  of  a 
castle,  several  ecclesiastical  and  collegiate  edifices,  good 
hotels,  and  spacious  bathing-houses, — Tenby  being  resorted 
to  as  a  watering-place.  The  harbor  is  commodious  and 
well  sheltered.  Opposite  it  are  Caldy  and  St.  Margaret 
Islands.  The  exports  comprise  oysters,  butter,  corn,  and 
coal.     It  contributes  in  sending  a  member  to  Parliament. 

Ten'by,  a  town  of  Tasmania,  co.  of  Pembroke,  49  miles 
E.  of  Hobart  Town. 

Tencha  Bayou,  ten'chi  bl'oo,  Shelby  co.,  Tex.,  runs 
nearly  eastward,  and  enters  the  Sabine  River. 

Tenda,  tSn'd3,,  a  town  of  Italy,  3  miles  S.  of  the  Col 
de  Tenda,  a  pass  of  the  Maritime  Alps,  to  which  it  gives 
name.     Pop.  1734. 

Tenda,  Col  de,  Alps.    See  Col  de  Tenpa. 

Tenda>Maie,  tSn'dd-mi'i,  a  district  of  Senegambia, 
intersected  by  the  parallel  of  11°  50'  N.  and  by  the  merid- 
ian of  13°  AV.  Iron  of  fine  quality,  and  salt,  are  obtained 
in  some  localities. 

Tendra,  tSn'drS,,  or  Ten'ter,  a  long  and  narrow 
island  in  the  Black  Sea,  40  miles  E.  of  Odessa.  Length, 
from  E.  to  W.,  33  miles.  Lat.  of  light-house,  46°  22'  N. ; 
Ion.  31°  29'  E. 

Tendre,  Mont,  Jura  Mountains.    See  Mont-Tendre. 

Ten'edos  (Gr.  TeVeioj),  an  island  off"  the  AV.  coast  of 


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Asia  Minor,  5  milos  X.W.  of  Alexandria  Troos.  Loogth,  5 
miles.  Surface  mostly  rugtjed.  It  produces  superior  wiuo, 
corn,  cotton,  and  fruits.     On  its  N.U.  side  is  a  town. 

Tencinber  Islauds.    See  Tg.niudbb  Islands. 

Tenerife,  t4-ni-rco'fd,  a  town  of  the  United  States  of 
Colombia,  state  of  Cauca,  province  of  Santa  Marta,  on  the 
Ma^dalcna,  50  milos  N.W.  of  Mompox. 

Teuerifl'e,  tdn'^r-ifT  (Sp.  Tenerife,  t&-nd-reo'f&;  Fr. 
TfiUriffe,  ti^niVcof ),  the  largest  of  the  7  principal  Canary 
Islands,  between  Gran  Canaria  on  the  £.  and  uomera  on 
the  W.,  90  miles  N.W.  of  Cape  Bojador,  on  the  African 
coast.  Lat.  from  28°  to  28°  35'  20"  N.,  Ion.  from  16°  6' 
to  16°  55'  W.  It  is  CO  miles  long  from  N.E.  to  S.W., 
and  varies  in  breadth  from  35  miles  in  the  S.W.,  where 
widest,  to  20  miles  near  the  centre,  ^nd  about  6  miles 
in  the  N.E.  Area,  about  1000  square  milos.  It  is  wholly 
of  volcanic  formation,  and  is  composed  principally  of 
enormous  masses  of  trachyte,  lava,  and  basalt,  which  in 
their  culminating  point  (the  Peak  of  Teyde)  attain  the 
height  of  12,182  feet  above  the  sea-lovol.  The  coast, 
which  is  very  irregular,  presents  an  almost  uninterrupted 
succession  of  lofty  cliffs,  pierced  by  narrow,  precipitous 
fissures  or  ravines,  with  very  few  openings  in  which  a 
vessel  can  find  shelter.  The  Bay  of  Orotava,  on  the  N.W., 
once  the  best  anchorage  of  the  island,  was  almost  filled  up 
by  torrents  of  lava  from  an  eruption  in  1706 ;  and  the  only 
good  harbor  now  existing  is  tnat  of  Santa  Cruz,  on  the 
N.E.  The  view  from  the  summit  of  Mount  Teyde  is  one 
of  the  most  magnificent  in  the  world.  It  extends  over  the 
whole  of  the  archipelago,  while,  from  the  transparency  of 
the  atmosphere,  even  minute  objects  are  perceptible  at  a 
great  distance. 

Teneriffo  bears  some  resemblance  to  Mount  Etna.  Towns 
and  villages,  with  their  fields,  gardens,  and  vineyards, 
stretch  along  its  base  and  for  some  way  up  its  sides ;  next 
succeeds  a  woody  region,  and  beyond,  and  still  higher,  is  a 
wide,  barren  plain,  covered  with  pumice-stone  and  blocks 
of  lava.  Where  the  surface  in  many  parts  is  more  hilly 
than  mountainous,  both  the  valleys  and  adjacent  hills  arc 
generally  cultivated,  and  the  finest  fruits  of  the  island  are 
produced.  The  principal  products  of  Teneriffe  are  maize, 
wheat,  potatoes,  pulse,  almonds,  oranges,  apples,  guavas, 
honey,  wax,  silk,  cochineal,  and  wine.  The  manufactures 
are  very  insignificant,  but  include,  in  addition  to  some 
coarse  linen,  woollen,  and  silk  goods,  some  excellent  speci- 
mens of  furniture  and  cabinet-work.  The  Guanchcs,  the 
original  inhabitants  of  the  islands,  almost  all  perished  in 
vain  endeavors  to  defend  their  freedom  against  the  attacks 
of  the  Spaniards.  The  present  inhabitants  consist  of  a 
mixed  race,  in  which  Spanish  features  predominate.  Pop. 
93,709.     Capital,  Santa  Cruz  de  Teneriffe. 

T6iifes,  Tencz,  tA'nez,  or  Tennis,  tfin'nis,  a  mari- 
time town  of  Algeria,  120  miles  E.N.E.  of  Oran.  Pop. 
7935.     Near  it  is  Cape  T^nes,  on  the  Mediterranean. 

Te-Ngan,  tA^NgAn',  a  city  of  China,  province  of  IIoo- 
Pe,  capital  of  a  department,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Yang-tse- 
Kiang.     Lat.  31°  18'  N.;  Ion.  113°  30'  E. 

Tengapatnam,  tfing-gti-pat-nim',  a  maritime  town 
of  South  India,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Cape  Comorin. 

Tcng-Fung,  tJng'fung'  or  tfing'foong',  a  town  of 
China,  province  of  IIo-Nan,  capital  of  a  district.  Lat.  34° 
30'  N. ;  Ion.  113°  E.     It  has  a  very  ancient  observatory. 

Tengheez,  or  Tengliiz,  Asia.    See  Balkash. 

Tcnghistoon,  or  Tenghistoun,  tin'ghis-toon',  a 
town  of  Persia,  province  of  Fars,  about  2  miles  from  the 
Persian  Gulf,  on  the  road  from  Bushire  to  Ferozabad.  Pop. 
about  2500. 

Tengri"Nor,  tSn'gree'-nor,  a  large  lake  of  Thibet, 
about  120  miles  N.W.  of  Lassa.  Lat.  about  31°  30'  N.; 
Ion.  90°  E.     Length,  80  miles;  breadth,  40  milos. 

Teng-Tchoo,  or  Teng-Tchou,  tfing'choo',  a  city 
of  China,  province  of  Shan-Toong,  on  the  coast,  at  the  en- 
trance of  the  Gulf  of  Pe-Chee-Lee,  opposite  the  peninsula 
of  Regent's  Sword. 

Teng-Tchoo,  or  Teng-Tchou,  a  city  of  China, 
province  of  Fo-Kien,  140  miles  N.W.  of  Amoy. 

Teng-Ye,  tfing^yi',  a  town  of  China,  province  of  Yun- 
Nan,  near  the  Burmese  frontier,  45  miles  N.E.  of  Tsanta. 

Tenhassen,  tSn-has'spn,  a  small  post-village  of  Mar- 
tin CO.,  Minn.,  in  Tenhassen  township,  on  a  lake,  about  56 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Mankato.     Pop.  of  the  township,  200. 

Tenian,  one  of  the  Ladrone  Islands.    See  'Iixian. 

Tenim'ber  (written  also  Tenem'ber)  Islands,  a 
group  of  isles  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  of  which  the  chief 
is  Timor  Laut.  They  extend  from  lat.  6°  40'  to  8°  25'  S., 
Ion.  from  130°  40'  to  132°  E.,  and  are  mostly  coral  islands 
surrounded  by  coral  reefs.    The  natives  arc  distinguished 


from  those  of  the  surrounding  islands  by  their  lanraneft. 
and  also  by  their  form.  *    a"!  j 

Te'nino,  a  post-village  of  Thurston  oo..  Wanbington  i 
on  the  Pacific  division  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Uailroiul  ut 
the  junction  of  the  Olympia  Kailroad,  39  miles  S.S.W 'cf  ' 
Tacoma.     It  has  a  coal-bank. 

Tcnkan'shee,  or  Tcnknsi,  ten  ki'sce,  a  town  of 
India,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Tinnevclly.     Pop.  10,605. 

Ten  Mile,  a  post-office  of  Fulton  oo..  Ark. 

Ten  Mile,  a  post-office  of  Summit  oo„  Col. 

Ten  Mile,  a  post-office  of  Cloud  co,,  Kansas. 

Ten  Mile,  a  post-office  of  Campbell  co.,  Ky. 
.Ten  Mile,  Macon  co..  Mo.     See  La  Pohtk. 

Ten  Mile,  a  post-office  of  Douglas  co.,  Oregon. 

Ten  Mile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Pa.  on 
Ten  Mile  Creek,  about  34  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Pittsburg."'  U 
has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Ten  Mile  Bottom,a  post-hamlet  of  Venango  co.  Pa 
5  miles  S.E.  of  Oil  City.     It  has  a  coal-mine.  '     *' 

Ten'mile  Creek,  of  Greene  co.,  Pa.,  flows  Into  tht 
Monongahela  River. 

Ten  Mile  Creek,  or  Tynemouth,  a  post-village 
in  St.  John  co..  New  Brunswick,  on  tlie  Bay  of^  Fundy  27 
miles  from  St.  John.     Pop.  150.  '  '  * 

Ten  Mile  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  in  lat  39°  3" 
11"  N.,  Ion.  106°  6'  12"  W.     Altitude,  about  11,800  feet. 

Ten  Mile  River,  a  township  of  Mendocino  co.,  Cal. 
Pop.  1839.     The  township  includes  Fort  Bragg  village. 

Ten  Mile  Run,  a  hamlet  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J  2 
miles  from  Rocky  Hill  Station. 

Ten  Mile  Stand,  a  post-hamlet  of  Meigs  co.,  TcdDm 
14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Sweet  M'ater. 

Ten'nant,  a  post-village  of  Santa  Clara  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Gilroy,  and  73  I 
miles  S.S.E.  of  San  Francisco.     It  has  2  churches. 

Tennant's  Cove,  a  post-settlement  in  Kings  co..  Now 
Brunswick,  on  the  St.  John,  29  miles  from  the  city  of  St. 
John.     Pop.  200. 

"Ten^ncssee',  a  S.E.  central  state  of  the  Ameriam 
Union,  bounded  N.  by  Kentucky  and  Virginia,  E.  by 
North  Carolina,  S.  by  Georgia,  Alabama,  and  Mississippi, 
^y.  by  Ark.ansas  and  Missouri.  Its  W.  limit  is  the  .Miwis-j 
sippi  River;  and  from  North  Carolina  it  is  separated  by  the  i 
Iron,  Unaka,  Bald,  Stone,  or  Great  Smoky  ridge  of  the  Ap- ' 
palachian  Mountains,  whoso  general  altitude  is  5000  feet  Ij 
and  whose  broad  top  is  generally  treeless.  The  state  has  ail 
rhoiuboidal  outline,  and  an  area  of  42,050  square  miles,      j 

Face  of  the  Country. — Tennessee  is  popularly  s[)ol(en  of  | 
as  consisting  of  three  sections.  East,  Middle,  and  M'cst  Ten- ' 
nessce.  The  first  consists  (1)  of  the  eastern  mountain-border  I 
(area,  2000  square  miles).  (2)  Of  the  beautiful  East  Tenncs-i 
see  Valley  (area,  9200  square  miles),  which  has  an  average  j 
elevation  at  the  N.  of  1350  feet  and  at  the  S.  of  800  feet,  and 
is  one  of  the  most  fertile  and  populous  tracts  in  the  swtc. 
This  valley  is  closely  furrowed  with  minor  ridges,  long  val- 
leys, and  enclosed  "  coves,"  nearly  all  with  a  N.E.  and  S.W. 
trend,  and  the  whole  is  55  miles  wide  at  the  N.  and  34' 
miles  at  the  S.  extremitj'.  (3)  Of  the  great  Cumberland 
Mountain  plateau  (elevation  above  the  valley,  900  to  2800 
feet;  area,  5100  square  miles),  which  on  its  southeastern 
border  breaks  down  at  once  in  perpendicular  or  overhanging 
sandstone  cliffs,  often  100  and  sometimes  even  200  feet  high; 
but  its  western  edge  is  notched  and  jagged  with  deep  covej 
and  projecting  spurs.  In  the  N.  it  is  71  miles  wide;  at  the 
S.  extremity  but  50  miles.  Its  top  is  generally  level;  but 
at  some  points  there  are  superincumbent  mountains;  and 
the  deep  Sequatchie  Valley  (3  to  5  miles  wide  and  60  miles 
long),  with  its  steep  mountain-walls,  reaches  into  the  pla- 
teau in  a  northward  course.  The  plateau  has  a  delightful 
climate,  abounds  in  deep  caves,  and  conceals  great  mineral 
treasures.  Middle  Tennessee  extends  W.  to  the  Tennesfce 
River.  It  is  a  region  of  fertile  terraces,  covering  9300 
square  miles,  traversed  by  many  ravines  and  streams,  and 
declining  northwestward  towards  "  the  garden  of  Tennes- 
see," a  basin-like  area  of  5450  square  miles.  To  the  west- 
ward the  proper  valley  of  the  Tennessee  measures  some 
1200  square  miles.  West  Tennessee  lies  W.  of  the  Tennes- 
see River  and  E.  of  the  Mississippi.  Its  eastern  slope  is 
considerably  broken  ;  the  western  descent  (area,  8850  square 
miles)  is  a  rolling  plain,  which  ultimately  terminates  in 
steep  bluffs  overlooking  the  Mississippi  bottom-lupds. 
These  are  densely  timbered,  abound  in  lakes  and  swamp*, 
and  have  .an  area  of  about  900  square  miles.  ' 

Geology,  Mineral  Wealth. — The  eastern  mountain-border 
consists  mainly  of  Silurian  rocks,  and  in  part  is  probably 
of  azoic  age.  It  affords  asbestos,  kaolin,  and  beautiful  rcl, 
green,  and  other  granites,  especially  in  Carter  co.    Valuable 


TEN 


2599 


TEN 


I 


I  ooppcr-mines  are  wrought  in  Carter  co. ;  and  the  foot-hills 
{abound  in  iron  ore,  including  rich  pyrites,  lirnonite,  hem- 
iatite,  magnetite,  and  valuable  iron-manganese  ores.  The 
East  Tennessee  Valley,  which  is  geographically  and  geo- 
j  logically  a  continuation  of  the  Kittatinny  Valley  of  New 
I  Jersey,  the  Cumberland  Valley  of  Pennsylvania,  and  the 
IShenandoah  Valley  of  Virginia,  is  floored  with  the  Trenton 
limestone  and  Hudson  River  shales.  The  valley  contains 
dyestone  (a  valuable  fossiliferous  brown  hematite),  hydraulic 
cement  rock,  good  lithographic  shale,  heavy-spar,  millstone, 
slate,  and  abundance  of  potter's  clay,  limestone,  fire-proof 
ftone,  native  blue  vitriol,  marble,  and  ores  of  lead  and 
line.  The  coal-measures  occupy  5100  square  miles,  mainly 
occupying  the  Cumberland  Mountain  plateau.  The  prod- 
uct in  1890  was  1,925,689  tons,  mainly  an  admirable  semi- 
bituminous  coal,  produced  to  a  great  extent  from  the  lowest 
carboniferous  strata,  which  were  long  regarded  as  unpro- 
ductive. The  Tennessee  coals  are  very  abundant  and  ac- 
cessible, and  are  admirably  adapted  for  iron-smelting.  The 
coal  is  very  generally  associated  with  limestone,  clay  iron- 
stone, and  fii*-clays.  Middle  Tennessee  contains  a  large 
Lower  Silurian  area  in  the  floor  of  its  great  basin,  whose 
converging  slopes  and  terraces  are  generally  of  Devonian 
and  subcarboniferous  age.  Petroleum,  alum,  gypsum, 
grindstones,  glass-sand,  marbles,  bat-guano  (from  caves), 
copperas,  fictile  clay,  and  iron  are  among  the  useful  prod- 
ucts of  Middle  Tennessee.  Along  the  Tennessee  lliver 
extends  the  western  iron-belt  of  5400  square  miles,  with 
huge  banks  or  quarries  of  brown  hematite  of  a  good  quality. 
The  greater  part  of  West  Tennessee  is  of  cretaceous  and 
tertiary  age,  but  the  Mississippi  bottoms  are  of  quaternary 
and  late  formation.  The  cretaceous  and  tertiary  contain 
lignite  in  abundance,  and  there  are  beds  of  valuable  green- 
sand  marl.  Among  the  minerals  of  Tennessee  we  must  also 
enumerate  borax,  Epsom  salts  (from  caves  and  spring- 
waters),  and  salt  from  natural  brines.  There  are  more  than 
jgOO  kinds  and  shades  of  marble,  including  purely  white, 
berfectly  black,  red,  green,  variegated,  gray,  breccia,  and 
natural  scagliola.  Mineral  springs  are  exceedingly  numcr- 
3US,  and  prove  useful  in  a  very  wide  range  of  diseases. 

Objects  of  Interest  to  Tonrieis. — There  are  many  caves, 
•orae  of  them  of  great  depth  and  extent.  On  Duck  River, 
n  Coffee  co.,  is  a  great  stone  fort  of  very  remote  prehis- 
iioric  origin.  Lookout  Mountain  is  a  popular  place  of 
liummer  resort. 

!  Climate. — The  generally  considerable  elevation  of  Ten- 
lessee  secures  it  from  the  oppressive  summer  heat  of  the 
iulf  states;  and  the  highland  and  mountain  counties  have 
I  long  and  altogether  delightful  summer,  while  the  winters 
ire  nowhere  severe.  The  only  sickly  region  is  the  swampy 
Sart  of  West  Tennessee.  Vesical  calculus  is  a  somewhat 
irevalent  disease  in  some  sections. 

Natural  Productions. — The  extensive  forests  of  the  state 
Vfford  a  very  great  variety  of  timber-trees.  In  the  B.  grow 
he  white  and  other  pines ;  in  the  W.  the  larch,  cypress, 
Vnd  Cottonwood ;  and  almost  everywhere  the  tulip-tree, 
lickories,  the  magnolias,  sweet  and  black  gum,  black  and 
.vhite  walnut,  cherry,  pecan,  ash,  maple,  persimmon,  sorrel 
ree,  locust,  chicot,  beech,  several  kinds  of  oak,  <fec.  Mid- 
lie  Tennessee  has  great  forests  of  red  cedar.  The  lumber 
ntcrest  is  one  of  the  most  important  in  the  state.  In  the 
\V.  are  extensive  cane-brakes.  The  wild  lands  of  East  and 
Vliddle  Tennessee  are  one  of  the  chief  sources  of  the  cora- 
nercial  supply  of  medicinal  herbs  and  roots.  Among  the 
lative  fruits  are  the  wild  plum,  the  grape,  persimmon, 
'rab-apple,  pawpaw,  and  many  sorts  of  nuts  and  berries. 
Oeer,  black  bears,  and  many  species  of  furred  and  feath- 
ered game  abound.  Among  the  reptiles  the  rattlesnake 
nd  cottonmouth  are  venomous. 

Agriculture. — West  Tennessee  is  exceedingly  fertile,  with 
deep  bkvck  mellow  soil,  and  Indian  corn  and  cotton  are 
er  great  staples.  Middle  Tennessee  is  mostly  very  pro- 
active, though  some  few  of  her  counties  have  a  rocky  and 
ntoward  soil,  underlaid  with  cold  and  stubborn  clays.  This 
egion  is  for  the  most  part  excellent  grain  and  tobacco  land, 
md  grows  much  cotton,  especially  S.  of  Nashville.  The 
^alley-lands  of  East  Tennessee  are  productive  of  corn  and 
obacco;  and  the  winter  wheat  of  this  section  is  the  earliest 
n  the  market  and  is  of  unsurpassed  excellence.  Potatoes 
true  and  sweet),  oats,  hay,  hemp,  and  peanuts  are  im- 
'lortant  products  of  the  state.  The  mountain-country 
affords  excellent  and  extensive  natural  sheep-walks  ;  and 
he  abundant  mast  of  the  forests  fattens  many  swine. 
Horses,  neat  cattle,  swine,  and  mules  are  bred  for  export, 
in  some  years  the  corn  crop  has  exceeded  50,000,000 
;)ushels  and  the  tobacco  crop  has  been  more  than  40,000,000 
K)unds ;  but  of  late  years  the  tendency  has  been  more  to 


mixed  farming,  or  the  raising  of  diversified  crops.  Much 
honey,  wild  and  other,  is  obtained  in  Tennessee,  and  for 
grape-culture  and  wine-productiou  the  state  has  every  ad- 
vantage. Apples  do  well  in  nearly  every  part  of  the  state, 
and  the  exportation  of  dried  fruit  is  becoming  important. 
The  game  or  gama  grass  of  West  Tennessee  makes  abun- 
diix^  and  serviceable  natural  hay  for  winter  pasturage. 
The  so-called  barrens  of  Middle  Tennessee  embrace  much 
land  which  might  easily  be  made  productive. 

Jiivers,  <fc. — The  Mississippi,  Tennessee,  and  Cumber- 
land afford  extensive  commercial  facilities.  The  Tennessee 
crosses  the  state  twice.  Its  upper  portion  was  formerly 
called  the  Ilolston.  The  principal  tributaries  of  the  Ten- 
nessee are  the  Clinch,  Elk,  Duck,  Flint,  Paint  Rock,  Se- 
quatchie, Watauga,  French  Broad,  Little  Tennessee,  llia- 
wassce,  and  Big  Sandy.  Among  the  tributaries  of  the 
Mississippi,  direct  and  indirect,  are  the  Big  llatchie,  Wolf, 
Forked  Deer,  Obion,  and  Reelfoot.  Reelfoot  Lake,  in  the 
N.W.,  is  the  largest  in  the  state.  It  is  a  shallow  expanse, 
formed  during  the  earthquake  of  1811.  The  Forked  Deer 
has  been  navigated  150  miles  at  high  water,  the  Big  llat- 
chie 100  miles,  and  the  Obion  60  miles.  The  principal 
afiluents  of  the  Tennessee  have  been  fitted  for  high-water 
navigation  to  some  extent.  The  principal  tributaries  of 
the  Cumberland  are  the  Harpeth,  Stone,  and  Obie's  Rivers, 
and  the  Caney  Fork ;  the  two  latter  are  navigable,  and 
small  steamboats  have  ascended  the  Caney  Fork  50  miles. 
Both  the  Tennessee  and  the  Cumberland  are  badly  encum- 
bered by  shoals  at  low  water.  The  minor  streams  of  the 
State  afford  very  great  water-power,  though  in  the  moun- 
tainous parts  their  very  rapid  fall  and  their  large  and  fre- 
quent fluctuations  in  volume  render  them  unreliable  for 
practical  purposes. 

Mamifacturea. — The  mining  and  smelting  of  iron  are  as- 
suming large  proportions.  The  product  of  pig-iron  in  1890 
was  290,747  tons,  and  that  of  wrought  iron  and  steel  was 
considerable.  Machine-puddling  is  carried  on  with  some 
success  at  Chattanooga.  Tennessee  also  exports  much  iron 
ore  to  the  Ohio  River  iron-working  towns.  Ducktown  is  the 
seat  of  profitable  copper-smelting  operations.  Zinc  and  zinc 
paints  are  produced  in  East  Tennessee.  The  cotton  and 
woollen  manufactures  in  the  state  employ  about  $1,600,000 
capital.  There  is  a  large  lumber-sawing  industry  of  many 
years' standing ;  and  the  forest  products  (tar,  turpentine, 
charcoal,  tanners'  bark,  sumach  leaves,  Ac.)  are  of  con- 
siderable importance.  Cars,  carriages,  flour,  furniture, 
jeans  and  other  home-made  fabrics,  spirits,  oil  (cotton, 
peanut,  castor),  harness,  leather,  metallic  wares,  wines,  and 
woollens  are  leading  articles  of  manufacture.  Wool-carding 
and  boat-building  are  industries  of  some  consequence. 

The  licilroads  in  1851  extended  112  miles;  in  1855,  466 
miles;  in  1860,  1253  miles;  in  1865,  1296  miles;  in  1870, 
1492  miles;  in  1875,  1630  miles;  in  1880,  1824  miles;  in 
1885,  2151  miles,  and  in  1890,  2798  miles.  The  profits  of 
the  roads  in  this  state  have  been  on  the  whole  greater  than 
those  of  most  Southern  states ;  but  the  state  treasury  has 
had  to  bear  a  heavy  part  of  the  burdens  which  naturally 
would  have  fallen  upon  the  railroads. 

The  counties  are  96,  namely,  Anderson,  Bedford,  Ben« 
ton,  Bledsoe,  Blount,  Bradley,  Campbell,  Cannon,  Carroll, 
Carter,  Cheatham,  Chester,  Claiborne,  Clay,  Cocke,  Coffee, 
Crockett,  Cumberland,  Davidson,  Decatur,  De  Kalb,  Dick- 
son, Dyer,  Fayette,  Fentress,  Franklin,  Gibson,  Giles, 
Grainger,  Greene,  Grundy,  Hamblen,  Hamilton,  Hanco&k, 
Hardeman,  Hardin,  Hawkins,  Haywood,  Henderson,  Hen- 
ry, Hickman,  Houston,  Humphreys,  Jackson,  James,  Jef- 
ferson, Johnson,  Knox,  Lake,  Lauderdale,  Lawrence,  Lewis, 
Lincoln,  Loudon,  McMinn,  McNairy,  Macon,  Madison, 
Marion,  Marshall,  Maury,  Meigs,  Monroe,  Montgomery, 
Moore,  Morgan,  Obion,  Overton,  Perry,  Pickett,  Polk,  Put- 
nam, Rhea,  Roane,  Robertson,  Rutherford,  Scott,  Sequatchie, 
Sevier,  Shelby,  Smith,  Stewart,  Sullivan,  Sumner,  Tipton, 
Trousdale,  Unicoi,  Union,  Van  Buren,  Warren,  Washington, 
Wayne,  Weakley,  White,  Williamson,  and  Wilson. 

The  Principal  Cities  are  Memphis,  on  the  Mississippi,  a 
great  cotton  mart  (pop.  in  1890,  64,495) ;  Nashville,  the 
state  capital,  on  the  Cumberland  (76,168) ;  Knox  ville,  on  the 
Upper  'Tennessee,  the  eastern  metropolis  (22,535) ;  Chatta- 
nooga, in  the  coal  and  iron  district  (29,1 00) ;  Jackson,  a  great 
trade-centre  (10,039);  Clarksville  (7924);  Columbia  (6370); 
and  Bristol,  Brownsville,  Cleveland,  Fayetteville,  Franklin, 
Gallatin,  Grceneville,  Lebanon,  McMinnville,  Murfrees- 
borough,  Pulaski,  Shelbyville,  Trenton,  and  Tracy  City  are 
all  important  towns.  Rockwood,  Ducktown,  and  'Tracy  City 
are  examples  of  a  class  of  young  and  thriving  mining-towns. 

Oovernment,  &c. — The  governor  is  chosen  by  the  people 
every  even-numbered  year.    The  general  assembly  consists 


TEN 


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of  25  senators  and  a  lower  house  of  75  reprosontatires,  sit- 
ting biennially.  Judges  are  ohuson  by  the  people  fur 
limited  tcruis  of  service,  and  are  removable  by  a  two-thirdd 
vote  of  the  general  assembly.  Every  voter  must  have 
resided  one  year  in  the  state  and  6  months  in  the  county, 
and  must  pay  at  least  a  poll-tax.  The  state  has  10  repre- 
sentatives in  the  lower  hous>e  of  Congress.  <. 

Publie  Jnilititltotu, — At  Nashville  are  the  state  school  for 
the  blind,  the  insane  hospital,  and  the  state  prison;  but 
gangs  of  convicts  are  also  employed  as  navvies,  miners,  &o., 
in  various  parts  of  the  state.  At  Kno.wille  stands  the  Ten- 
nessee School  for  Dcaf-Mutes. 

Education. — Ineffective  sohool-Iaws  have  been  from  time 
to  time  enacted,  and  in  1873,  many  of  the  counties  having 
no  publio  schools  at  all,  the  whole  legislation  of  the  state 
upon  this  matter  was  subjected  to  a  thorough  revision. 
Since  that  time  the  course  of  publio  instruction  would  ap- 
pear to  have  prospered.  There  is  a  large  permanent  school 
fund,  whose  income,  with  the  proceeds  of  general  and  local 
school  taxes,  maintains  the  free  schools.  Separate  schools 
are  established  for  colored  pupils.  Tlicre  are  normal  schools 
at  Morristown  and  Nashville,  and  normal  instruction  is 
given  at  some  of  the  colleges  and  higher  institutions.  Col- 
leges and  universities  exist  at  Athens,  Beech  Grove,  Bris- 
tol (2),  Chattanooga,  Clarksville,  Greeneville,  Hiawassee, 
Jackson  (2),  Knoxville,  Lebanon  (2),  MoKenzie,  Mary- 
ville,  Memphis,  Mossy  Creek,  Mulligan,  Nashville  (5), 
Sewanee,  Sweetwater,  Tui^culum,  Ac.  To  the  University 
of  Nashville  is  affiliated  the  state  normal  university,  and 
the  East  Tennessee  University,  Knoxville,  embraces  the 
state  college  of  agriculture.  Among  the  best-endowed  in- 
stitutions of  learning  are  the  Cumberland  University,  at 
Lebanon  (Cumberland  Presbyterian),  the  Vanderbilt  Uni- 
versity, Nashville  (Methodist),  the  University  of  the  South, 
Sewanee  (Episcopalian),  and  the  Fisk  University,  at  Nash- 
ville, for  colored  students  of  either  sex.  There  are  several 
schools  of  law,  medicine,  and  divinity,  and  a  large  number 
of  private  and  denominational  academies  and  seminaries. 

Finances. — The  state  contracted  a  large  indebtedness  in 
aiding  railroad  enterprises,  but  this  was  subsequently  re- 
duced by  the  foreclosure  of  mortgages  and  the  sales  of  the 
roads  themselves.  In  1890  the  debt  was  $14,II0,»00,  be- 
sides an  unfunded  balance  of  the  old  debt  amounting  to 
$2,339,000,  making  a  total  indebtedness  of  $16,349,900. 
The  total  valuation  of  property  in  1890  was  $347,508,105. 

History. — Tennessee  waa  permanently  colonized  in  1754, 
from  North  Carolina,  of  which  province  this  region  was  a 
part.  It  was  officially  named  the  District  of  Washington, 
in  1776;  but  the  people  (1785-88)  organized  and  main- 
tained a  separate  government  under  the  name  of  "  the 
State  of  Franklin."  In  1789  the  whole  was  merged  into 
"  the  United  States  Territory  south  of  the  Ohio."  In  1794 
Tennessee  became  a  separate  territory,  and  in  1796  a  state. 
In  June,  1861,  a  majority  of  the  people  voted  for  secession  ; 
but  East  Tennessee  had  a  large  majority  of  active  Union- 
ists throughout  the  war  of  1861-65.  This  state  was  the 
scene  of  several  active  campaigns,  and  severe  battles  took 
place  at  Fort  Pillow,  Stone  River,  Island  No.  10,  near 
Memphis  (naval),  Nashville,  Chickamauga,  Lookout  Moun- 
tain, Missionary  Ridge,  Knoxville,  Franklin,  and  many 
other  places.  Since  the  war  there  have  been  many  ditiicult 
financial  and  social  problems,  and  the  labor-system  has 
been  disorganized,  but  the  state  has  made  much  progress, 
especially  in  her  manufacturing  interests. 

The  Population  in  1790  was  35,691 ;  in  1800, 105,602  ;  in 
1810,  261,727 ;  in  1820,  422,771 ;  in  1830,  681,904 ;  in  1840, 
829,210;  in  1850,  1,002.717;  in  1860,  1,109,801;  in  1870, 
1,258,520;  in  1880,  1,542,359;  in  1890,  1,767,518. 

Tennessee^  a  post-village  in  Tennessee  township, 
McDonough  co..  III.,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  <fe  Quincy 
Railroad,  9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Macomb,  and  51  miles  N.E. 
of  Quincy.  It  has  a  graded  school  and  valuable  coal-mines. 
The  township  contains  a  village  named  Colchester.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  2126. 

Tennessee  Colony,  post-office,  Anderson  co.,  Tex. 

Tennessee  Pass,  Colorado,  a  pass  over  the  main 
range  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  has  an  elevation  of  10,418 
feet.  Lat.  39°  21'  30"  N. ;  Ion.  106°  18'  W.  It  is  the 
easiest  pass  over  this  range  in  Colorado. 

Tennessee  Ridge,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Hous- 
ton CO.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Louisville  &  Memphis  Railroad,  33 
miles  W.  of  Clarksville.     It  has  a  store. 

Tennessee  River  is  formed  by  the  Clinch  and  Hol- 
Bton  Rivers,  which  rise  in  Virginia  and  unite  at  Kingston, 
Roane  co.,  Tenn.  It  flows  southwestward  to  Chattanooga, 
where  it  turns  abruptly  to  the  right,  and  soon  strikes  a 
mountain-ridge  which  compels  it  to  run  southwestward  to 


Guntersville,  Ala.  Below  this  point  it  pursues  a  W.N.W 
direction  until  it  touches  the  ii.K.  part  of  the  state  of 
Mississippi.  It  next  bonds  to  the  right,  returns  into 
the  state  of  Tennessee,  runs  northward,  and  formi  tb« 
boundary  between  the  cos.  of  Perry,  Humphreys,  llouiton 
and  Stewart  on  the  right,  and  Decatur,  Benton,  and  Henry 
on  the  loft.  It  finally  runs  nearly  northwc8tward  throuirli 
Kentucky,  and  enters  the  Ohio  River  at  Piiducuh.  li  ji 
the  largest  atlluent  of  the  Ohio  River,  and  is  about  8u0 
miles  long,  excluding  the  branches.  Largo  steamboats  cnn 
ascend  it  to  Florence,  about  270  miles  from  its  muuth. 
Near  Florence  the  navigation  is  obstructed  by  rocky  rapiiln' 
called  Muscle  Shoals,  above  which  the  river  is  navigable 
for  steamboats  to  Kingston.  The  chief  towns  on  this  river 
and  branches  are  Knoxville,  Chattanooga,  Florence,  knj 
Paducah.  It  has  an  aflluent  called  Littlr  Tknnksskb 
(which  see).  About  $700,000  has  been  exj>cnded  in  »n 
unsuccessful  effort  to  improve  the  navigation  by  a  canal  aI 
the  Muscle  Shoals.  Seven  steamboats  are  eniploye<i  on  thii 
river  above  the  Muscle  Shoals.  Since  the  civil  war  tht 
government  has  ai>propriated  large  sums  fo^  the  improve- 
ment of  the  navigation  of  this  river. 

Tennessee  River,   Tennessee.    See  Dasvillb 

Tennessee  Rolling- Works,  a  post-vilhvgeof  Lyon 
CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  E.  or  right  bank  of  the  Cumberland  River, 
about  27  miles  E.  of  Paducah.  It  has  2  churches  and  > 
rolling-mill  which  makes  good  boiler-iron.     Pop.  700. 

Tcnnille,  ten'nil,  a  post-village  of  M'ashington  co., 
Ga.,  on  the  main  line  of  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia, 
at  the  junction  of  a  railroad  to  Sandcrsville,  55  miles  £,  by 
N.  of  Macon.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  high  school. 

Tennis,  a  town  of  Algeria.    See  Tknks. 

Tenustedt,  tSnn'stitt,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  1ft  , 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Erfurt.     Pop.  2762. 

Tenochtitlan,  t4-notch-tit-l&n',  the  ancient  name  of 
the  city  of  Mexico,  and  of  the  table-land  on  which  it  standi, 
elevation  averaging  7500  feet. 

Tenos,  the  ancient  name  of  Ting. 

Ten  Pound  Island,  Massachusetts,  |  of  a  mile  S.of 
Gloucester.     Lat.  42°  36'  N. ;  Ion.  70°  40'  W. 

Tenriu,  tfin're-oo',  a  river  of  Japan,  in  the  island  of 
Hondo,  which  it  traverses  N.  to  S.,  and  falls  into  the  Pa- 
cific  a  little  W.  of  the  Bay  of  Totomina.  Total  course, 
about  100  miles. 

Ten'sas,  a  parish  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Louisiana,  hu 
an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
S.E.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Tensas 
River  and  Macon  Bayou.  The  surface  is  level,  and  but 
little  higher  than  the  river.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Forests 
of  cypress,  ash,  oak,  hickory,  honey-locust,  and  other  treei 
cover  a  large  part  of  the  surface.  Cotton  and  Inilian  corn 
are  the  staple  products,  and  of  the  former  over  25,000  bales 
are  sometimes  produced  in  a  year.  Capital,  St.  Joseph, 
situated  on  the  Mississippi  River.  Pop.  in  1870,  ]2,41t; 
in  1880,  17,815;  in  1890,  16,647. 

Ten'sas  (or  Tensaw),  a  post-bamlet  of  Baldwin  co., 
Ala.,  on  the  Tensas  River  and  the  Mobile  <t  Montgomery 
Railroad,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Mobile.  Here  is  Tensas  Station. 
Here  much  timber  is  taken  from  the  rafts  of  the  Tensu 
and  sent  by  rail  to  Pensacola. 

Tensas  (or  Ten'saw)  River,  Louisiana,  rises  in  the 
N.E.  part  of  the  state,  and  runs  nearly  southward.  It 
forms  the  boundary  between  Franklin  and  Catahoula  par- 
ishes on  the  right  and  Madison  and  Tensas  on  the  left,  and 
enters  the  Ouachita  River  at  Trinity.  It  is  nearly  240 
miles  long.     Steamboats  can  ascend  it  about  150  miles. 

Tensas  (or  Tensaw)  River,  in  Baldwin  co.,  Ala., 
flows  S.  to  Mobile  Bay,  in  a  course  generally  parallel  to 
that  of  the  Mobile  River,  of  which  it  may  be  regarded  U 
a  bayou  or  side-channel. 

Tensift,  tfin^sift'  or  tfin'seeft',  a  principal  river  of  Mo- 
rocco, which  kingdom  it  divides  into  two  nearly  equal 
parts,  after  a  W.  course  of  190  miles,  enters  the  Atlantic 
45  miles  N.N.E.  of  Mogadore. 

Tenter,  an  island  of  Russia.    See  Tendra. 

Ten'terden,  a  town  and  borough  of  England,  co.  of 
Kent,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Maidstone.  Pop.  of  the  borougb, 
3669,  chiefly  agricultural. 

Tenth  Legion,  le'jun,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham 
CO.,  Va.,  6  miles  S.  of  Newmarket,  and  3  miles  from  Broad- 
way Depot.     It  has  a  church. 

Tentugal,t6n-too-g4l',  a  town  and  parish  of  Portugal, 
^province  of  Douro,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Coimbra,  near  the 
right  bank  of  the  Mondego.     Pop.  2065, 

Tentyra,  the  ancient  name  of  DENDEnxH. 

Teny  (ten'e)  Cape,  a  post-village  in  Hants  co.,  Nov* 
Scotia,  on  a  headland  at  the  mouth  of  a  river  of  the  t»mt 


TEX 


2601 


TER 


name  in  Cobequid  Bay,  23i  miles  from  Newport.  Manga- 
nese is  found  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  250. 

Tenysville,  ten'iz-vil,  post-offloc,  Baker  co.,  Oregon. 

Teocalli  (te-o-kal'lee)  Mountain,  Colorado,  a  peak 
of  the  Elk  Range,  in  lat.  38°  57'  40"  N.,  Ion.  106°  53'  W. 
It  has  an  altitude  of  13,113  feet  above  the  sea-level.  The 
Strata  composing  this  mountain  are  nearly  horizontal, 
and  so  broken  as  to  form  a  series  of  steps  from  the  base  to 
the  summit.     It  resembles  the  teocallis  of  the  Aztecs. 

Teoge,  t.\-o'gi,  a  river  of  South  Africa,  an  affluent 
from  the  N.  of  Lake  Ngami. 

Teohante,  Quebec.     See  Mei.ocheville. 

Teonista  Creek,  Pa.    See  Tionesta  Ciieek. 

ITeopixca,  ti-o-pix'ki,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state   of 
Chiapa,  18  wiles  from  Ciudad  Real. 
Teora,  t.\-o'ri,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Avellino, 
6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Sant'  Angelo  dci  Lombard!.     Pop.  4319. 
Teotihuacan,  tA-o-te-wi-k3,n',  a  plateau  of  Mexico, 
labout  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Tczcoco,  surrounded  on  all  sides, 
jexcept  the  E.,  by  ridges  and  mountain-spurs,  and  celebrated 
(for  two  remarkable  pyramids  which  stand  near  its  centre. 
iThe  one  measures  682  feet  at  its  base  and  terminates  in  a 
jlevel  platform  121  feet  high.     The  other  is  smaller. 
I    Tepeaca,  til-pi-4'ki,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  and  20 
jbiiles  S.E.  of  Puebla.     It  has  a  Franciscan  convent,  manu- 
factures of  woollen  stuffs,  and  trade  in  corn. 
[   Tepeje,  or  Tepexe,  ti-pA'Hi,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state 
jind  50  miles  S.  of  Puebla. 

Tepel,  a  town  of  Bohemia.  See  Tepl. 
I  Tepeleni,  ti-pi-li'nee,  written  also  Tep'aleen'and 
iTep'alen',  a  town  of  Albania,  32  miles  E.S.E.  of  Avlona, 
bn  the  Voyussa.  It  is  almost  wholly  in  ruins.  The  prin- 
cipal edifice  is  the  palace  of  Ali  Pasha  of  Yanina,  born 
kere  about  a.d.  1750. 

I   Tepetitan,  t4-pi-te-tin',  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of 
abasco,  on  the  river  Tepetitan,  an  affluent  of  the  Chila- 
illa,  60  miles  N.W.  of  Ciudad  Real.     Pop.  1000.     It  is 
regularly  built  of  mud  and  sun-dried  bricks. 
Tepic,  t6p-ik'  or  ti.-peok',  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of 
alisco,  on  a  height,  25  miles  E.  of  San  Bias.    Pop.  10,000. 
t  is  the  principal  town  in  the  state  after  Guadalajara,  and 
■3  the  residence  during  the  rainy  season  of  most  of  the 
f'ealthy  inhabitants  of  San  Bias. 
TepI,  Tepel,  tSp'I,  or  Tepla,  tSp'li,  a  town  of  Bo- 
cmia,  29  miles  N.W.  of  Pilscn.     Pop.  2421.     Near  it  is 
'•le  abbey  of  Tepl  or  Topi. 
Teplik,  tdp'lik,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Podolia,  32  miles 
r.N.E.  of  Olgopol.     Pop.  1500. 

,  Teplitz,  Toeplitz,   tSp'lits,   or  Top'litz   (Hung. 
^!g-Teplicz,  kish-t4p'lits),  several  market-towns  of  Hun- 
gry, the  principal  in  the  co.  of  Liptau,  20  miles  S.W.  of 
'esmark.     Pop.  1220. 
Teplitz,  or  Toeplitz,  Bohemia.    See  Toplitz. 
Teposcolnla,  or  Tepozcolula,  ti-pos-ko-loo'li,  a 
iwn  of  Mexico,  state  and  45  miles  N.W.  of  Oajaca. 
'  Tequam'enon,  or  Tahquam'enaAV,  a  bay  at  the 
'.  extremity  of  Lake  Superior,  and  contiguous  to  Chippewa 
'..,  Mich. 

Tequendama  Falls,  South  America.    See  Bogota. 
Tequia,  ti-kee'4,  a  town  of  the  United  States  of  Co- 
'mbia,  state  of  Boyaca,  45  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pamplona. 
Ter,  tJr,  a  river  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  rises  in  the  Py- 
nees,  ilows  S.  and  B.  past  Gerona,  and  enters  the  Medi- 
rranean  by  several  mouths  S.  of  the  Gulf  of  Rosas.   Total 
urse,  90  miles.     It  is  almost  everywhere  fordable,  and  its 
liters  near  the  sea  are  mostly  diverted  for  irrigation. 
Ter,  a  district  of  Russia.    See  Terek. 
Tera-Kako,  tSr'i-ki'ko,  a  peninsula  on  the  E.  coast 
New  Zealand,  North  Island,  bounding  the  entrance  to 
jawke's  Bay  on  the  N.E. 

Teramo,  t6r'i-mo  (anc.  Inter  am' nia),  a  city  of  Italy, 
ipital  of  the  province  of  Teramo,  27  miles  N.E.  of  Aquila. 
it.  42°  40'  N. ;  Ion.   13°  48'  E.     Pop.  8829.     It  has  a 
ihedral,  several  convents,  a  college,  clerical  seminary, 
tanio  garden,  orphan  school,  foundling  and  other  asylums. 
■I  neighborhood  is  very  fertile  in  corn,  wine,  and  oil. 
Teramo,  formerly  Abruzzo  Ultra  I.,  i-broot'so  ool'- 
i  pree'mo,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  the  Abruzzi.     Area, 
84  square  miles.     Pop.  246,004. 
Teraneh,  a  town  of  Egypt.    See  TEnnANEH. 
Tera-Wera  (t&'ri-wi'ri)  Lake,  of  New  Zealand, 
■'•rth  Island,  40  miles  in  length,  discharges  its  waters  N.E. 
1,0  the  Bay  of  Plenty  by  Tora-Wera  River. 
Terceira,  tSn-si'e-rS.,  one  of  the  Azores  Islands,  in 
t3  Atlantic  Ocean,  central  group,  N.E.  of  Faj-al  and  Sao 
.jrge,  lat.  38°  30'  N.,  Ion  27°  10'  W.,  about  70  miles  N.W. 
(St.  Michael  (SSo  Miguel).    Greatest  length,  20  miles; 
I:  164 


average  breadth,  13  miles.  The  const  almost  everywhere  pre- 
sents bold  and  inaccessible  cliffs.  The  interior  rises  by  gentla 
slopes  towards  the  centre,  where  it  becomes  mountainous, 
and  then  descends  abruptly  towards  the  N.W.  The  whole 
surface  bears  the  impress  of  volcanic  agency.  The  soil, 
composed  of  decomposed  lava  and  other  volcanic  matters, 
possesses  the  greatest  natural  fertility.  Heavy  crops  of 
yams,  grain,  and  pulse  of  all  sorts  are  raised.  Fruit  also 
of  exquisite  flavor  is  very  abundant,  and  oranges  and 
lemons  are  now  raised  to  a  groat  extent.  Pumice  is  the 
only  mineral  which  seems  capable  of  being  turned  to  any 
account,  and  there  are  no  manufactures  worthy  of  the  name. 
The  capital  of  the  island  is  Angra,  which  gives  its  name 
to  a  department  including  the  three  islands  of  Terceira, 
Sao  Jorge,  and  Graciosa.  Pop.  40,000.  Terceira  signifies 
"third"  island,  it  being  the  third  in  length  of  the  group. 

Tercero,  tfiii-s4.'ro,  a  river  of  the  Argentine  Republic, 
states  of  Cordova  and  Santa  Fe,  after  an  E.  course  joins 
the  Parand  at  the  influx  of  the  Rio  Salado,  whence  it  is 
navigable  to  a  point  100  miles  S.E.  of  Cordova. 

Terchova,  tdii'Ko'voh*,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Trentschin,  12  miles  from  Szolna.     Pop.  3450. 

Terdoppio,  t5u-dop'pe-o,  a  river  of  Italy,  rises  a  little 
S.  of  Lago  Maggiore,  flows  S.S.E.,  and  joins  the  Po. 
Length,  53  miles. 

Tereblestie,  tA.-ri-bl5s'tee,  a  village  of  Austria,  proT- 
ince  of  Bukowina.     Pop.  3190. 

Terek,  ti-r6k',  a  river  of  Russia,  after  an  E.  course  of 
350  miles,  enters  the  Caspian  Sea  by  several  mouths,  near 
lat.  44°  N.,  Ion.  46°  to  48°  E.  It  is  rapid,  and  has  numer- 
ous affluents. 

Terek,  or  Ter,  a  government  of  Russia,  in  Ciscaucasia, 
extending  from  the  crest  of  the  Caucasus  N.E.  to  the  Cas- 
pian Sea.  Area,  23,267  square  miles.  It  is  traversed  by 
the  Terek.  Its  N.  portion  is  composed  of  steppes  and 
marshes.     Chief  town,  Vladikavkas.     Pop.  485,237. 

Terekli,  tdr'o-klee\  written  also  Tarakli,  a  small 
town  of  Asia  Minor,  36  miles  E.S.E.  of  Ismced. 

Terence  Bay,  Nova  Scotia.     Sec  Turn's  Bay. 

Tereshka,  ti-r^sh'kS,,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  on  th« 
N.  frontiers  of  the  government  of  Saratov,  and  flows  nearly 
parallel  to  the  Volga,  which  it  joins  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  the 
city  of  Saratov.     Length,  180  miles. 

Terette,  ti-r5t'tA,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Caserta,  S.E.  of 
Sora,  on  the  top  of  an  almost  inaccessible  height.     P.  1830. 

Terga,  ihn'gk,  a  town  of  Morocco,  kingdom  and  70 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Fez,  near  the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  3000. 

Tergeste,  Tyrol.     See  Tuiest. 

Tergestinus  Sinus,  Tyrol.    See  Gulp  op  Triest. 

Terglou,  tdr'gloo,  a  mountain  of  the  Carnio  Alp^ 
Height,  9380  feet. 

Tergnier,  tfirn^ye-d',  a  village  of  France,  in  Aisne, 
19  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Laon.  Here  are  machine-shops 
of  the  railroad.     Pop.  3079. 

Ter-Goes,  Netherlands.    See  Goes. 

Tergouw,  Netherlands.    See  Qouda. 

Tergovist,  Tirgovist,  t?r-go-veest',  or  Targu- 
Vestea,  tar'goo-v5s-ti,'i,  a  town  of  Roumania,  on  the 
Jalomnitza,  48  miles  N.W.  of  Bucharest.     Pop.  8190. 

Terk,  tfink,  a  pretty  little  town  of  North  Persia,  prov- 
ince of  Azerbaijan,  70  miles  S.E.  of  Tabrcez. 

Terlizzi,  t^R-lit'see,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Bari,  17  miles 
S.E.  of  Barletta,  and  7  miles  from  the  Adriatic.  Pop. 
18,175.     It  has  a  cathedral  and  .a  church,  and  3  convents. 

Termeh,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Thekmeh. 

Termini,  tfiii'me-ne  (anc.  Ther'viK),  a  seaport  town  of 
Sicily,  on  the  N.  coast,  near  the  mouth  of  the  river  Ter- 
mini, 20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Palermo.  Lat.  37°  57'  N. ;  Ion. 
13°  42'  B.  Pop.  19,560.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  de- 
fended by  a  castle  on  a  lofty  rock.  It  has  warm  mineral 
baths,  whence  its  name,  a  caricatore  or  depot  for  grain,  and 
an  active  anchovy-fishery.  Six  miles  E.  are  the  ruins  of 
the  ancient  Himera. 

Terminos,  Laguna  de.    See  Laguna  de  Terminos. 

Ter'minus,  a  post-office  and  railroad  station  of  Pinal 
CO.,  Arizona. 

"rerminus,  a  post-office  of  Oneida  co.,  Idaho,  at  Oneida 
Station. 

Termoli,  tfin'mo-le,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Campobasso,  on  a  peninsula  in  the  Adriatic,  16  miles  S.E. 
of  II  Vasto.     Pop.  3189. 

Termonde,  Belgium.     See  Dexdermonde. 

Termonfeck'an,  or  Torfeck'an,  a  village  of  Ire- 
land, CO.  of  Louth,  on  the  E.  coast,  2  miles  S.S.W.  of  Clogher. 
It  is  a  place  of  resort  for  sea-bathing. 

Ternate,  ter'nit'  or  ter-ni'ti,  an  island  of  the  Malay 
Archipelago,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Gilolo,  E.  of  Celebes,  and 


TER 


2602 


TER 


N.  of  Cenun.  Liit.  0°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  127°  18'  E.  On  it  i«  a 
romftrkable  volcano,  over  5000  foot  in  hcigbt,  at  the  base  of 
which,  on  the  S.,  is  the  town  of  Tornate,  the  rosidonce  of  the 
sultan  nnd  of  the  Dutch  regent  of  the  ii>land.  The  island 
is  nearly  circular,  about  10  niilos  in  diameter,  and  thickly 
wooded.  Cocoa-nuts,  sago,  and  other  tropical  products  are 
plentiful,  and  tobacco  and  cotton  are  grown.  Sulphur,  salt- 
petre, pumice-stone,  and  lime  are  the  chief  minerals. 

Ternate,  a  residency  of  the  Dutch  possessions  in  the 
East,  including  Ternato  Island,  part  of  Celebes,  the  N. 
ooost  of  Papua,  and  the  adjoining  islands  of  Waigcoo,  Sala- 
watty,  Mysol,  Ac.     Capital,  Ternate.     Pop.  99,821. 

Tcrnate,  a  town  situated  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  island 
of  Tornate.  It  is  neatly  built,  has  broad,  paved  streets,  a 
large  market-place,  a  mosque,  and  a  Protestant  church,  and 
hard  by  the  Dutch  fort  and  the  sultan's  palace.  The  town 
is  picturesquely  situated,  and  is  the  capital  of  the  Northern 
Moluccas.  It  has  a  large  trade  in  tortoise-shell,  trepang, 
wax,  birds  of  paradise,  and  massay  bark.     Pop.  9000. 

Ternnvn,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Tyuxau. 

Terneuse,  tdiOnuz',  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Zealand,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Scheldt,  6  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Axel.     Pon.  3093. 

Terni,  tdii'nee  (ane.  Inleram'na),  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Perugia,  picturesquely  seated  near  the  Nera, 
49  miles  N.N.E.  of  Rome.  About  4  miles  to  the  E.,  on  the 
Velino,  a  stream  which  flows  into  the  Nera,  is  a  celebrated 
cascade,  called  the  Cascata  del  Marmore  (kis-k&'t&  dfil 
man'mo-ri).  The  water  falls,  by  three  leaps,  about  750 
feet,  producing  one  of  the  most  beautiful  and  romantic 
cataracts  in  the  world.  The  town  is  enclosed  by  turroted 
walls,  and  has  a  noble  cathedral  with  some  fine  paintings, 
a  theatre,  a  bathing-establishment,  und  active  manufactures 
of  woollen  and  silk  fabrics.  Among  its  remains  of  an- 
tiquity are  the  vaults  of  an  amphitheatre.     Pop.  9115. 

Ternovn,  a  town  of  Bulgaria.    See  TinNOVA. 

Terodant,  ti-ro-ddnt',  written  also  Taroodant, 
Taroudant,  and  Tarudant,  a  town  of  Morocco,  capi- 
tal of  the  province  of  Soos,  on  the  river  Soos,  125  miles 
S.W.  of  Morocco.  Pop.  15,000.  It  stands  in  a  fertile  plain, 
and  its  thick  and  lofty  walls  enclose  a  large  area.  Its  in- 
habitants excel  in  the  art  of  dyeing. 

Teror,  tA-rou',  a  town  of  the  Canaries,  island  of  Gran 
Canaria,  with  a  large  and  handsome  church,  an  episcopal 

fialaco,  a  primary  school,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  and 
inen  cloth. 

Ter'race,  a  post-office  of  Box  Elder  co.,  Utah,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  100  miles  W.  of  Corinne. 

Terracina,  tfln-RilL-chee'ni  (anc.  Anx'ur,  afterwards 
Terraci'na),  a,  seaport  town  of  Italy,  at  the  S.  extremity 
of  the  Pontine  marshes,  and  on  the  Gulf  of  Terracina  in 
the  Mediterranean,  68  miles  S.E.  of  Rome.  Pop.  6224. 
On  the  height  above  it  are  the  cathedral,  and  ruins  of  the 
ancient  Anxur,  and  above  these,  on  a  bold  height,  the  re- 
mains of  the  palace  of  Galba.  The  harbor  is  accessible 
only  to  small  coasting-vessels,  and  there  is  little  trade. 
The  celebrated  Appian  Way,  between  Rome  and  Terracina, 
is  still  traceable. 

Ter'ra  Cot'ta,  a  post-office  of  Ellsworth  co.,  Kansas. 

Ter'ra  del  Fue'go  (Sp.  Tierra  del  Fuego,  te-fiR'ni 
dSl  fwi'go,  the  "land  of  fire;"  Port.  Terra  do  Fogo,  tfift'Ri 
do  fo'go;  Fr.  Terre  de  Feu,  tain  d?h  fuh  ;  Gor.  Fcnerland, 
foi'^r-lint"),  a  large  group  of  islands  at  the  S.  extremity 
of  South  America,  between  lat.  52°  40'  and  56°  S.  and  Ion. 
63°  40'  and  75°  W.  It  is  separated  from  the  mainland  by 
the  Strait  of  Magellan,  and  its  other  sides  are  washed  by 
the  Atlantic  on  the  E.,  the  Pacific  on  the  W.,  and  the  Ant- 
arctic on  the  S.  Besides  numberless  small  islands,  it  con- 
sists of  one  very  large  island,  East  Terra  del  Fuego,  or  King 
Charles'  South  Land,  measuring  from  E.  to  W.,  near  its  S. 
shore,  385  miles,  with  an  extreme  breadth,  from  N.  to  S., 
of  above  200  miles,  and  of  four  very  considerable  smaller 
islands, — Navarino  and  Iloste  on  the  S.,  separated  from 
East  Terra  del  Fuego  by  Beagle  Channel,  and  Clarence  and 
Land  of  Desolation  on  the  W.  All  of  the  islands  are  deeply 
penetrated  by  arms  of  the  sea,  and  composed  of  mountains 
%vhich  are  either  covered  with  perpetual  ice  and  snow  or 
are  clothed  with  stunted  forests,  chiefly  of  evergreen  beech. 
The  term  Land  of  Desolation,  which  Cook  applied  to  the 
large  western  island,  is  strictly  applicable  to  the  whole 
group.  The  climate  is  one  of  the  most  wretched  which 
it  is  possible  to  imagine:  mist,  rain,  and  snow,  with  con- 
tinued storms,  follow  one  another  in  constant  succession. 
The  zoology  of  the  group  is  very  scanty.  Besides  cetacea, 
the  only  mammalia  are  a  bat,  rats,  seals,  mice,  the  fox,  sea- 
otter,  guanaco,  and  deer.  Birds,  however,  particularly 
•ea-fowl,  are  numerous. 


The  natives  of  the  N.E.  port  of  Terra  del  Fuego  rp?r 
bio  the  Patagonians  in  color  and  stature  ;  those  of  the 
portion  are  low  in  stature,  Ill-looking,  nnd  badly  pi..i 
tioned.     Terra  del  Fuego  was  discovered  by  Mngollun  in 
1520,  and  named  "  Land  of  Fire,"  from  the  fires  ho  saw  on 
its   coast  during  the  night.     Those  fires  are  supposed  to 
have  been  volcanic. Inhab.  Fuhoian,  fu-ec'jan. 

Terra  del  Sole,  tfiii'Ri  ddl  so'lA,  a  town  of  itBly 
province  and  46  miles  N.E.  of  Florence,  on  the  Montonc' 
Pop.  4215. 

•Terra  di  Lavoro,  Italy.    See  Caserta. 

Terra  di  Otranto,  Italy.    See  Lecck. 

Tcrralba,  tiR-nill'bl,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sar- 
dinia, 12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Oristano.     Pop.  4283. 

Terran,  European  Turkey.    See  Tirana. 

Terranch,  tdr-ri'n^h,  Teraiieli,  or  'I'araneh,  tv 
rJ.'n?h,  a  town  of  Lower  Egypt,  on  the  Rosctta  arm  of  tbt 
Nile,  7  miles  W.  of  Mcnoof. 

Tcrranova,  tfiit-Ri-no'vfl,,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basili- 
cata,  23  miles  S.S.W.  of  Tursi.     Pop.  1996. 

Terranova,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Cosonia,  8 
miles  S.  of  Cassano.     Pop.  2558. 

Tcrranova,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Rcggio  dl 
Calabria,  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Palmi.  It  was  founded  at  a 
very  early  period,  and  had  risen  to  be  one  of  the  finest 

E laces  in  the  province,  when  it  was  in  great  part  destroyed 
y  the  earthquake  of  1783. 

Terranova  (anc.  Oh'hla),  a  town  of  the  island  of  Sar- 
dinia, on  a  bay  of  the  N.E.  coast,  26  miles  S.E.  of  Longo- 
Sardo.     Pop.  1976. 

Terranova,  a  seaport  town  on  the  S.  coast  of  Sicily,, 
near  the  mouth  of  the  Terranova,  18  miles  E.  of  Alicalu. 
Pop.  14,686.  It  has  a  castle,  several  churches  and  con- 
vents, a  hospital,  and  a  handsome  palace.  Coarse  cloth  ii 
manufactured  here,  and  finds  a  good  market  at  the  annunM 
fair  in  August.  The  town  has  also  a  can'catore  or  corn-j 
magazine,  and  an  export  trade  in  corn,  wine,  sul{)hur,  aod 
soda. 

Terra  Nova.    See  Newfoundland. 

Terranuova,  tfiR'ni-noo-o'vi,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov. 
ince  of  Florence,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Figline.     Pop.  6669. 

Ter'rapin  Creek,  Colorado,  rises  about  30  miles  S.E.; 
of  Denver,  runs  northward  through  Arapahoe  co.,  aDd| 
enters  the  South  Platte  River  in  Weld  co.,  about  10  miles 
E.  of  Evans.     It  is  nearly  75  miles  long. 

Terrapin  Hill,  a  post-ofiice  of  Coosa  co.,  Ala. 

Terra  Santa,  the  Italian  name  of  Palestine.  , 

Terrasson,  t6ii*u3,s^s6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Dor-l| 
dogne,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  Sarlat.     Pop.  2586.  j 

Terrazzo,  tfir-rit'so,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of; 
Verona.     Pop.  2853. 

Terre  Bonne,  tirr'bonn',  a  bayou  of  Louisiana,  runii 
nearly  southward  in  the  parish  of  its  own  name,  and  enters 
the'  Gulf  of  Mexico.  The  name  is  French,  and  signifies, 
"  good  land." 

Terre  Bonne,  a  southeastern  parish  of  Louisiana,  basj 
an  area  of  about  1850  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
S.  and  S.W.  by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  on  the  W.  by  the 
Atchafalaya  Bayou.  It  is  drained  by  Caillou,  Cbcne, 
Black,  and  Terre  Bonne  Bayous.  The  surface  is  level  and 
partly  subject  to  inundation,  and  extensively  covered  with 
forests  and  shallow  lakes.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Sugar,  mo- 
lasses, and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  Among 
the  forest-trees  are  the  cypress  and  live-oak.  Morgan's 
Louisiana  <&  Texas  Railroad  passes  along  the  N.  border  of 
this  parish.  Ca])ital,  Ilouina.  Valuation  of  real  and  per- 
sonal estate,  §4,193,117.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,451,  of  whom 
12,237  were  Americans;  in  1880,  17,957. 

Terre  Bonne,  a  post-hamlct  of  Terre  Bonne  parish. 
La.,  on  Morgan's  Louisiana  &  Texas  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Ilouma  Branch,  65  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Kewj 
Orleans.  ' 

Terrebonne,  tSrr'bon',  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of 
Quebec,  has  an  area  of  545  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  North  River,  which  flows  into  the  Ottawa,  and  other 
small  streams.     Capital,  St.  J6rame.     Pop.  19,691. 

Terrebonne,  a  town  of  Quebec,  in  the  co.  of  Terre- 
bonne, on  the  river  Jesus  (a  branch  of  the  Ottawa),  16  miles 
N.  of  Montreal.  It  has  a  Romnn  Catholic  college,  with  17 
professors  and  an  average  attendance  of  200  pupils,  2 
churches,  saw-,  grist-,  and  carding-inills,  and  manufactorici 
of  cloth,  leather,  iron  castings,  and  agricultural  imple- 
ments. It  possesses  unsurpassed  water-power;  there  Mi 
extensive  limestone-quarries  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  1050. 

Terre  Coupee,  tfir're  ko'pe  (Fr.  pron.  tain  koo'p4'), « 
post-hamlet  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Ind.,  2  miles  N.W.  of  Terre 
Coupee  Station  of  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern 


»rER 


2603 


TES 


j  Kailroad.  It  has  a  church.  Terre  Coupee  Station  is  12 
1  miles  W.  of  South  Bond. 

Terre  de  Fen.    See  Terra  pkl  Fuego. 
I     Terre -de-Hant,   taiu-deh-ho',   and   Terre-de- 

Has,  taiR-d?h-bi',  two  islets  of  the  French  West  Indies, 
ti)j;ether  forming  the  group  of  Pctite-Terre,  26  miles  E.  of 

,  Guadeloupe.     Two  other  islets  with  these  names  are  in  the 

(group  called  Les  Sai.vtes. 

!     Terre   Haute,   t6r'r§h  hot,  a  post-village  in  Terre 

[Haute  township,  Henderson  co.,  III.,  about  13  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Burlington,  Iowa.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  carriage- 
factory.     Pop.  139;  of  the  township,  1132. 

Terre  Haute,  usually  pronounced  t5r'r?h  hot,  a  flour- 
ishing city,  the  capital  of  Vigo  co.,  Ind.,  is  situated  on  the 
E.  bank  of  the  Wabash  River,  and  on  the  Wabash  &,  Erie 
Canal,  73  miles  W.S.W.  of  Indianapolis,  69  miles  N.  of 
Vincennes,  166  miles  B.  by  N.  of  St.  Louis,  and  186  miles 

{S.  of  Chicago.  It  is  built  on  ground  which  is  elevated 
about  60  feet  above  the  river,  and  it  has  a  beautiful  situa- 

itiun.     The  plan  of  the  city  is  rectangular;  the  streets  are 

|^vido,  and  bordered  with  numerous  shade-trees  and  gardens. 

[About  half  of  the  houses  are  built  of  brick,  and  the  others 

■of  wood.  The  principal  public  buildings  are  a  court-house, 
n  fine  opera-house,  7  large  public  scliool-houses,  the  Indiana 
State  Normal  School,  the  Providence  Hospital,  18  churches, 

■?omo  of  which  are  spacious  and  ornamental  edifices,  7 
h-inks,  and  the  Polytechnic  Institute.  Three  daily  and  5 
weekly  newspapers  are  published  here.  The  opposite  banlcs 
of  the  river  are  connected  by  a  fine  bridge,  over  which  the 
National  Road  passes.  Large  quantities  of  grain,  flour, 
ind  pork  are  exported  from  this  place,  which  is  the  centre 
if  an  active  trade  and  is  fast  becoming  a  manufacturing 
own  in  consequence  of  its  proximity  to  the  great  block- 
;i);il-mincs  of  Clay  co.,  12  miles  distant.  It  has  2  blast- 
urnaces,  a  large  nail-factory  with  a  rolling-mill,  and  a 
•eparate  rolling-mill.  Terre  Haute  is  a  terminus  of  the 
"ollowing  important  railroads,  viz.,  the  Terre  Haute  &  In- 
liannpnlis,  the  Evansville  &  Terre  Haute,  the  Illinois  Mid- 
iind  (which  extends  to  Peoria),  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  <fc 
I'crre  Haute,  the  Logansport  &  Terre  Haute,  the  Terre 
I.iute  &  Cincinnati,  and  the  Evansville,  Terre  Haute  & 
^!lucago.  The  Indianapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railroad  also  passes 
hrough  this  place.  Pop.  in  1860,  8594;  in  1870,  16,103; 
n  ISSO,  26,042;  in  1890,  30,217. 

Terre  Haute,  a  post-village  of  Decatur  co.,  Iowa,  on 
he  Crooked  Fork  of  Grand  River,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Leon. 

Terre  Haute,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co..  Mo., 
6  miles  S.W.  of  Unionville,  and  about  52  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Ihillicothe.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores.     Pop.  65. 

Terre  Haute,  a  post-hamlet  of  Champaign  co.,  0., 
n  Mad  River  township,  about  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Dayton, 
t  has  2  churches. 

;  Terre  Hill,  or Fair'viIIe,apost-ham1etof  Lancaster 
|0.,  Pa.,  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Reading.  It  has  2  churches. 
[  Ter'rcll',  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an 
Tea  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Ich- 
waynochaway  and  Kinchafoona  Creeks.  The  surface  is 
.early  level,  and  the  soil  is  fertile.  Forests  of  pine  and 
ither  trees  cover  nearly  one-third  of  the  county.  Cotton, 
kaize,  and  lumber  are  the  staples.  This  county  is  inter- 
acted by  the  Southwestern  Railroad.  Capital,  Dawson. 
Taluation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $1,606,199.  Pop. 
h  1870,  9053;  in  1880,  10,451. 

;  Terrell,  a  post-town  of  Kaufman  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
jexas  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  32  miles  E.  of  Dallas.  It  con- 
Uns  several  churches,  the  Terrell  Institute,  2  banks,  2 
iewspaper  offices,  2  grain-elevators,  a  flouring-mill,  Ac; 
id  here  are  several  flowing  wells  of  good  water.  Many 
^ttle  are  shipped  here,   the  value  of   which    sometimes 

IJnounts  to  nearly  $500,000  per  .annum.     P.  (1880)  2003. 

Il Terrene,  tSr-reen',  a  post-hamlet  of  Bolivar  co..  Miss., 

i\i  the  Alississippi   River,  opposite  the  mouth  of  White 
iver.     Steamboats  procure  fuel  here. 
'  Terre-Neuve.    See  Newfoundlant>, 
Terrenoire,  or  Terre-Noire,  tSiOnwan',  a  village 
■  France,  department  of  Loire,  2  miles  from  Saint- Etienne. 
'.  has  mines  of  coal,  3  blast-furnaces,  iron-forges,  and  a 
anufactory  of  Bessemer  steel.     Pop.  2856. 
?  Terre   Noire    (t^r  noir;    Fr.   pron.   tin  nwan,   i.e., 
'black  land")  Creek,  Arkansas,  runs  southeastward  in 
iark  CO.,  and  enters  the  Little  Missouri  River  about  3 
iles  from  its  mouth. 

t  Terre  Rouge  (tSr  roozh)  Creek,  Arkansas,  rises  in 
(cmpstead  co.,  runs  in  an  E.N.B.  direction,  and  enters  the 
fttle  Missouri  River  in  Nevada  co. 

>  Terressa,  tfin-rds'sl,  one  of  the  Nicobar  Islands,  in 
^e  Indian  Ocean,  in  lat.  8°  20'  N,,  Ion.  93°  15'  E. 


Terricciola,  tSn-nit-cho'li,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  19  miles  S.E.  of  Pisa,     Pop.  3428. 

Ter'rill's  Corners,  a  post-village  of  Waushara  co., 
Wis.,  in  Leon  township,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Berlin.  It  ha« 
a  church,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Ter'ry,  a  county  of  Texas,  on  the  Staked  Plain.  Area, 
900  square  miles. 

Terry,  a  post  village  of  Hinds  co..  Miss.,  on  the  New 
Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad,  16  miles  S.  by  AV. 
of  Jackson.  It  has  3  churches,  8  stores,  and  a  hotel,  INIany 
peaches,  pears,  grapes,  and  plums  are  shipped  here,  P.  200. 

Terry,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Texas  <t 
New  Orleans  Railroad,  13  miles  W.  of  Orange.  It  is  on  or 
near  the  Sabine  River. 

Terry  Station,  a  post-office  of  Bay  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Michigan  Central  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  by  AV.  of  Bay  City. 

Ter'rysville,  or  Ter'ryville,  a  post-village  in  Ply- 
mouth township,  Litchfield  co..  Conn.,  1  mile  from  the  New 
York  &  New  England  Railroad,  and  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Hart- 
ford. It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  an  iron-foundry, 
and  manufactures  of  locks,  knives,  <fec. 

Ter'rytown,  a  post-hamlet  in  Terry  township,  Brad- 
ford CO,,  Pa.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  2  miles  from 
Wyalusing  Station,  and  about  40  miles  N.W,  of  Scranton, 
It  has  a  church, 

Ter'ryville,  a  post-village  of  De  Witt  co,,  Tex,,  14 
miles  E.  of  Cuero,     It  has  3  churches  and  a  plough-factory. 

Terschellinp,  ter-sKfil'ling,  an  island  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  the  North  Sea,  province  of  Friesland,  between 
Vlieland  and  Ameland,     Length,  16  miles.     Pop,  2775, 

Tertenia,  t6B-ti'ne-i,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sar- 
dinia, 15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lanusei.     Pop.  1519. 

Teruel,  tA.-roo-51',  a  town  of  Spain,  capital  of  a  prov- 
ince, on  a  hill,  near  the  Guadalaviar,  72  miles  N.W,  of 
Valencia,  Pop,  10,432,  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  haa 
a  cathedral,  a  bishop's  palace,  and  a  handsome  seminarj', 

Teruel,  a  province  of  Spain,  in  Aragon.  Area,  5494 
square  miles.     Pop,  252,201, 

Tervueren,  teR-vii'r§n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  South 
Brabant,  7  miles  E,  of  Brussels,  with  a  royal  residence, 

Teschen,  tSsh'^n,  a  walled  town  of  Austrian  Silesia, 
on  the  Olsa,  a  tributary  of  the  Oder,  38  miles  E,S.E.  of 
Troppau.  It  h.os  2  ducal  castles,  a  gymnasium  with  a  li- 
brary, and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths,  cassimeres,  linen, 
leather,  liqueurs,  and  fire-arms.  Pop.  9779.  A  treaty  be- 
tween Austria  and  Prussia  was  concluded  here  in  1779. 

Tesegdelt,  ti'sfig-dfilt',  a  town  of  Morocco,  30  miles 
S.E.  of  Mogadore.     It  has  a  handsome  mosque, 

Tesha,  Techa,  tSsh'i,  or  Tiasha,  te-i'shi,  a  river 
of  Russia,  rises  in  the  S.  of  the  government  of  Nizhnee- 
Novgorod,  flows  N.,  then  W.  to  the  frontiers  of  Vladimeer, 
and  joins  the  Oka  above  Moorom,     Length,  110  miles, 

Teshoo-Loomboo,  tdsh'oo'-loom^boo',  frequently 
written  Chashe-Lo-Um-Boo,  a  town  of  Thibet,  160 
miles  AV,  by  S,  of  Lassa.  Lat,  29°  4'  N.;  Ion.  89°  7'  E. 
It  is  properly  a  large  monastery,  consisting  of  300  to  400 
houses,  the  habitations  of  the  Booddhist  monks,  besides 
temples,  mausoleums,  and  the  palace  of  the  Tcshoo-Lama. 
Above  4000  friars  and  nuns  perform  daily  their  devotions 
here.  Here  is  a  large  manufactory  of  idols,  at  which  the 
most  skilful  workmen  are  employed. 

Tesino,  Switzerland.     See  "Ticixo. 

Tesora,  a  town  of  Celebes.    See  Wa.io. 

Tesouras,  ti-s6'rJs,  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  among  tna 
mountains  of  Tesouras,  receives  the  Peixa,  and,  after  a 
course  of  about  200  miles,  joins  the  Araguay. 

Tesouras,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  and  80  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Goj'az,  It  owes  its  existence  to  the  great  quan- 
tities of  gold  which  were  furnished  for  a  time  by  the  small 
stream  of  the  same  name;  but  since  the  wasliings  ceased  to 
be  productive  many  of  the  inhabitants  have  emigrateil. 

'Tess  Cor'ners,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVaukesha  co.,  AVis., 
11  miles  S.E.  of  AA'^aukesha,  and  about  13  miles  S.AA'.  of 
Milwaukee.     It  has  a  church. 

Tesse,  a  river  of  Russia,     See  Teza. 

Tessel,  North  Sea,    See  Texel, 

Tessenderloo,  t5s-s5n'd?r-lo\  a  village  of  Belgium, 
in  Limbourg,  15  miles  N,AA'',  of  Hasselt,     Pop,  3540. 

Tessierville,  tes'seer'vll,  or  Saint  Ul'ric,  a  post- 
village  in  Rimouski  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  St.  Lawrence, 
24  miles  below  Metis.     Pop.  150. 

Tessin,  tfis-secn',  a  town  of  Meoklenburg-Schwerin,  20 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Giistrow,  on  the  Recknitz.  Pop,  2736.  It 
has  manufactures  of  Avoollen  and  linen  fabrics. 

Tessin,  Switzerland,    See  Ticivo, 

Testaccio,  tds-tit'cho,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  a  beauti- 
ful valley  io  the  S,  part  of  the  isl«  of  Ischia. 


SB8 


2604 


TEX 


Teste-de-Duohf  La.    Seo  L<v  TKSTB-nB-Buco. 

Testigos^  tis-teo'goco,  a  group  of  ixlots  in  the  Carib- 
boan  Sea,  bolonj$ing  to  Voneiuela,  60  inilea  N.W.  of  Mar- 
gariU,  in  laU  11°  2.r  N.,  Ion.  63"  12'  W. 

Tcs'toii)  a  uo!<t- village  in  York  oo.,  Ontario,  3  milei 
from  Uiohmond  Ilill.     Pup.  125. 

Tet,  tfit  or  tA,  a  river  of  Franco,  department  of  Pyr6- 
n6os-OricntaIe8,  after  an  E.N.E.  oourse,  cnlera  tlie  Medi- 
terranean 7  miles  £.  of  Porpignan.     Length,  55  miles. 

Tct)  or  Tetty  tdt,  a  decayed  tovrn  uf  Morocco,  near 
Blanco,  S  miles  S.W.  of  Mazagan.     Pop.  lOOU. 

Tefbury*  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  and  17  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Gloucester.  Pop.  3349.  It  is  near  the  source  of 
the  Avon,  and  has  2  market-houses,  a  handsome  church,  and 
various  obapols.  Some  manufactures  of  woollen  arc  carried 
on,  and  it  has  a  trade  in  yarn,  cheese,  and  butter. 

Tete,  tA't.^  or  Tette,  t*t'tA,  a  town  of  East  Africa, 
capital  of  a  government  of  the  Portuguese  territory,  on  the 
Zambezi,  lOU  miles  N.  of  Sena.  It  is  largo,  well  built, 
and  healthy  from  occupying  an  elevated  site. 

T£te-a-Gouche«  tait^il'goosh',  a  settlement  in  Glou- 
cester CO.,  New  Brunswick,  on  tho  Tuto-i-Gouche  River,  3 
miles  from  IJathurst.  Pop.  300.  The  Tfito-i-Gouche  lliver 
is  one  of  tho  best  salmon-streams  in  the  province. 

TSte  dcs  Morts,  tait  di  moRt,  a  township  of  Jackson 
CO.,  Iowa.     Pop.  979. 

T^te-Noire,  tfit-nwan  or  tit-nwan'  ("black-head"), 
a  pass  of  the  Alps,  between  Switzerland  and  Savoy,  7  miles 
S.W.  of  Martigny.     See  MorcijEs,  Dkxt  dk. 

Teterev,  or  Teterew»  ti-ti-rfiv',  a  river  of  Russia, 
governments  of  Volhynia  and  Kiev,  joins  tho  Dnieper  36 
miles  N.  of  Kiev,  after  a  N.E.  course  of  150  miles. 

Teterow,ti't§h-rov\atownof  Mecklenburg-Sohwerin, 
duchy  and  16  miles  E.  of  Gustrow.  Pop.  5247.  It  has 
tobacco-  and  woollen-cloth-factorie?,  and  bleaching-estab- 
lishments. 

Te'tersburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tipton  co.,  Ind.,  40  miles 
N.  of  Indianapolis.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Tetiooshi,  Tetioushi,  or  Tctiushi^  t<\-tc-oo'8bee, 
a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  60  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Kazan,  on  the  Volga.     Pop.  3297. 

Tetir,  tA-teen',  or  Vega  de  Tetir,  vi'gi  di  ti-teen', 
a  town  of  the  Canaries,  island  of  Fuerteventura. 

Teton  (ta-ton')  Basin,  a  fertile  plain  in  Oneida  co., 
Idaho,  partly  surrounded  by  mountains.  "This  basin," 
says  N.  P.  Langford,  "is  more  than  800  square  miles  in 
extent,  is  covered  with  perennial  grasses,  and  well  watered 
by  large  streams  fringed  with  an  abundant  growth  of  Cot- 
tonwood. There  is  not  a  finer  stock-raising  region  on  the 
continent." 

Teton,  Grand,  Wyoming.    See  Mount  Haydes. 

Teton  Range,  Idaho,  a  branch  of  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains, near  Snake  River,  is  mostly  formed  of  granite  and 
gneiss.  The  highest  peak  of  it  is  Mount  Ilayden,  which 
rises  13,858  feet  above  the  sea.  Tho  timber-lino  on  this 
range  is  about  9000  feet  high.  Below  this  line  the  moun- 
tains are  covered  with  forests  of  fir  and  pine,  which  are 
said  to  furnish  "  the  finest  timber  in  the  world."  "  Tho 
scenery  of  the  Teton  range,"  says  Prof.  Ilayden,  "  is  truly 
Alpine  in  its  character,  approaching  that  type  more  nearly 
than  any  other  known  Vn  the  West."  Mount  Ilayden  and 
two  other  peaks  are  called  "  the  Three  Tetons,"  and  are 
prominent  landmarks  to  travellers  on  Snake  River. 

Teton  River,  Montana,  rises  in  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
in  Deer  Lodge  co.,  runs  eastward  in  Chotcau  co.,  and  enters 
the  Missouri  (or  Maria's)  River  about  12  miles  N.E.  of 
Fort  Benton.  Length,  nearly  160  miles.  Its  average 
width  is  said  to  be  25  or  30  yards.  Its  mouth  appears  to 
DC  about  1  mile  from  the  mouth  of  the  Maria's. 

Tetooan,  Tetonan,  Tetuan,  tfit'oo-in',  or  Tet'- 
AVan'  (anc.  Jagathf),  a  walled  seaport  town  of  Morocco, 
in  the  province  of  El  Garb,  18  miles  S.  of  Ceuta,  35  miles 
S.  of  Gibraltar,  and  6  miles  from  tho  Mediterranean.  Lat. 
35°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  5°  20'  W.  Pop.  18,000,  of  whom  6000  are 
Jews,  a  few  Christians,  and  the  remainder  Mussulmans. 
Tho  climate  is  healthy  and  delightful.  The  environs  are 
planted  with  vineyards  and  gardens,  and  superior  fruit 
abounds,  especially  oranges,  which  are  reckoned  by  some 
A&  superior  to  any  in  the  world.  The  town  contains  many 
^losques,  some  of  them  spacious  and  of  handsome  Moorish 
architecture,  18  small  synagogues,  and  a  Roman  Catholic 
ofaurch  built  by  Spain  in  1862.  It  contains  several  palaces, 
in  architecture  similar  in  miniature  to  the  Alcazar  of  Seville 
and  the  Alhambra  of  Granada.  The  town  is  built  on  an 
elevation,  and  commands  a  magnificent  view  of  the  lu-xuriant 
scenery  all  around  and  of  the  sea  in  the  distance.  The 
harbor  is  protected  by  a  fort  at  the  mouth  of  the  river. 


Commerce  is  limited  to  tho  supply  of  a  small  provino*  ant 
the  exnortation  of  fruit.  The  principal  manulacturas  ar< 
of  wool,  silk,  leather,  and  small-arms.  Tetooan  was  foundci 
in  1492  by  the  refugees  from  Granada,  and  many  of  tli* 
families  still  retain  the  title-deeds  of  their  former  estates  ii 
Spain.  It  was  Uiken  by  Spain  in  1859,  and  in  1861  run. 
somed  by  the  Sultan  of  Morocco  for  the  sum  of  §20,000,000 

Tetschcn,  tJt'sh^n,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  18  miles  N.K.li 
of  Leitmeritz,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Elbe.  Pop.  3580.  If 
has  mineral  springs,  and  an  ancient  ciistlo. 

Tette,  a  town  of  Africa.    Seo  Tktk. 

Teucliern,  toiK'ijrn,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  1) 
miles  S.  of  Merseburg.     It  has  a  castle.     Pop.  3907. 

Tcutl'en,  or  Teiifcu,  toif'f^n,  a  town  of  Switierlamlj 
canton  and  4  miles  N.  of  Appenzell.     Pop.  of  parish,  41)i;i. 

Tcuk>Clinni,  t&'ook-sh&m',  a  city  of  Formosa,  oaiii. 
tal  of  its  northern  provinces,  45  miles  S.W.  of  the  treaty- 
port  of  Tamsui.  Exports,  sugar,  and  largo  amounta  of 
e.vcellent  peanut  oil.     Pop.  50,000. 

Teulada,  tfi'oo-li'niV,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Alicante, 
near  the  Mediterranean,  9  miles  S.  of  Denia.     Pop.  2384. 

Teulada,  Cape,  Sardinia.     See  Cai'e  Teui.ada. 

Teutobiirger-Wald,  toi'to-bOOu^ghgr-^ilt  (anc.  Tcu- 
toburgen'aii  iSal'tut),  a  mountain-range  of  little  elevation  in 
North  Germany,  extending  from  tho  Erz-Gebirgo,  in  West- 
phalia, N.W.  to  near  Osuaburg  in  Hanover,  a  distance  of 
about  100  miles. 

Teutopolis,  tew-top'o-lis,  a  post^village  in  Tcutopolii 
township,  Effingham  co..  III.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  & 
Torre  Ilaute  Railroad,  4  miles  E.N.E.  of  EQinghau,  and 
about  26  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Mattoon.  It  contains  St.  Josepb'a 
Ecclesiastical  College  (Catholic),  a  Catholic  chapel,  and  a 
Franciscan  monastery. 

T  eve  re,  a  river  of  Italy.    See  Tiber. 

Teverone,  ti-vi-ro'n4,  or  Anicne,  i-ne-i'ni  (anc. 
A'nio),  a  river  of  Central  Italy,  flows  N.W.  and  W.  past 
Subiaco  and  Ti  voli,  and  joins  tho  Tiber  4  miles  N.  of  Rome, 
Total  course,  55  miles.  In  ancient  times  it  supplied  water 
to  Rome  by  two  aqueducts,  one  43  miles  long. 

Teviot,  tiv'e-ot,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Roxburgh, 
joins  tho  Tweed  at  Kelso,  after  a  N.E.  course  of  34  milei, 
Uawick  is  the  only  town  on  its  banks. 

Teviotdale,  a  name  applied  to  the  oo.  of  Roxburgh, 
Scotland. 

Teviotdale,  tiv'c-ot-dale,  a  post- village  in  Wellington 
CO.,  Ontario,  23  miles  W.N.W.  of  Elora.  It  contains  saw-, 
grist-,  and  planing-mills.     Pop.  100. 

Tewkesbury,  or  Tewksbury,  tuks'b?r-e,  a  borough 
of  England,  oo.  and  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Gloucester,  on  the 
Avon,  at  its  junction  with  tho  Severn,  and  connected  with  the 
Birmingham  &  Gloucestershire  Railway  by  a  branch  2  milo 
in  length.  Pop.  5409.  It  has  a  magnificent  abbey  church, 
town  hall,  market-house,  jail,  penitentiary,  various  cbapcK^, 
a  literary  and  scientific  institution,  mechanics'  institute, 
dispensary  and  lying-in  charity,  a  blue-coat  sch(X)l,  free 
gnimmar-school  and  other  schools,  and  almshouses  nnd  other 
charities.  It  has  manufactures  of  stockings,  bobbinct  lace, 
nails,  and  leather.  It  returns  two  members  to  the  lIou«« 
of  Commons.  The  battle  of  Tewkesbury  wivs  fought  in  the 
"  Bloody  Meadow,"  immediately  S.  of  the  town. 

Tewkesbury,  a  village  in  Quebec  co.,  Quebec,  20  mile* 
from  Quebec.     Pop.  200. 

Tewksbury,  tuks'b^r-e,  a  post-villiige  in  Tewki- 
bury  townshij),  Middlesex  co.,  M.ass.,  on  the  Lowell  <!fc  An- 
dover  and  Salem  &  Lowell  Railroads,  5  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Lowell,  and  about  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Boston.  It  contains 
a  church,  and  near  it  is  the  state  almshouse.  At  Tewks- 
bury Junction,  6  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lowell,  tho  Salem  & 
Lowell  Railroad  joins  the  Lowell  &  Lawrence  Railroad 
and  is  crossed  by  the  Lowell  &  Andover  Railroad.  The 
township  is  bounded  N.  by  the  Merrimac  River,  nnd  W.  by 
the  Concord  River.     Pop.  of  township  in  1880,  2179. 

Tewksbury,  township,  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.    P.  2327. 

Texan'a,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jackson  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  Navidad  River,  at  the  head  of  steamboat  navigation, 
about  95  miles  S.W.  of  Houston,  and  30  miles  N.  of  In- 
dianola.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  200. 

Texarkana,  tex-ar-kan'a,  a  post-town,  capital  of 
Miller  co..  Ark.,  145  miles  S.W.  of  Little  Rock,  58  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Jefi"er8on,  and  222  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Dallas,  Tex. 
It  is  partly  in  the  state  of  Texas,  and  is  an  important  rail- 
road centre.  It  is  the  E.  terminus  of  the  Trans-Continen- 
tal Branch  of  the  Texas  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  and  the  S.  ter- 
minus of  the  St.  Louis  &  Iron  Mountain  Railroad.  Another 
branch  of  the  Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad  extends  southward 
from  Texarkana  to  Marshall.  It  has  3  churches,  2  news- 
paper offices,  and  several  schools.     Pop.  in  1880,  3223. 


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2605 


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I 


Texarkana  Junction,  a  station  in  Bowie  cc,  Tex., 
on  the  Texas  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the 
Trans-Continental  with  the  Jefferson  division,  6  miles  W. 
of  Texarkana. 

Texas,  tSx'as  (Sp.  pron.  t^'nis,  said  to  signify  "  friends" 
in  the  Caddo  language,  and  derived  immediately  from  the 
Tachieii,  a  tribe  of  Indians  whose  descendants,  called 
lonies  orlnies,  now  live  in  tha  Indian  Territory),  the  south- 
westernmost  of  the  Gulf  states  of  the  American  Union,  is 
bounded  N.  by  New  Mexico,  Oklahoma,  the  Indian  Terri- 
tory, and  Arkansas,  E.  by  Oklahoma,  the  Indian  Territory, 
Aricnnsas,  and  Louisiana,  S.E.  by  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  S.W. 
by  Mexico,  and  W.  by  Mexico  and  New  Mexico.  From  New 
Mexico  it  is  divided  by  the  line  of  32°  N.  lat.  eastward 
from  the  Rio  Grande  to  Ion.  103°  W.,  and  thence  north- 
ward by  that  meridian.  Its  northernmost  limit  is  36°  30' 
N.  lat.  A  tract  of  land  constituting  Greer  co.,  and  at 
present  regarded  as  a  part  of  the  territory  of  Oklahoma, 
has  been  for  a  long  time  claimed  by  Texas.  The  United 
States  disputes  the  claim,  but  the  title  has  not  yet  been 
determined.  From  Ion.  100°  W.  eastward  the  Red  River 
is  the  northern  limit.  The  eastern  line  of  the  state  follows 
the  meridian  of  94°  W.  Ion.  southward  until  the  river 
Sabine  is  reached,  from  which  point  to  the  Gulf  it  follows 
that  stream.  The  Rio  Grande  divides  it  from  Mexico. 
Area,  265,780  square  miles.  This  area  very  far  exceeds 
that  of  any  other  state,  being  about  six  times  that  of 
■  Pennsylvania.  It  extends  farther  S.  than  any  state  except 
'  Florida. 

Face  of  the  Country. — Between  the  Sabine  and  Trinity 
Rivers  there  are  extensive  level  and  sandy  pine  forests, 
'northward  of  which  the  country  is  rolling,  well  timbered, 
and  fertile.  Central  Texas,  as  far  W.  as  the  Colorado,  is 
very  generally  prairie,  with  timber  belt  along  the  streams  ; 
but  in  the  N.  there  is  an  extensive  forest  called  the  "  Cross- 
Timbers,"  consisting  mainly  of  post-oak  and  black-jack  ; 
and  northwestward  is  a  great  region  called  the  "mezquite 
■timber,"  from  the  abundance  of  its  mezquite  trees.  Between 
the  Upper  Colorado  and  the  Brazos  extend  the  Comanche 
and  Leon  River  mountain-ranges,  and  still  farther  to  the 
;N.W.  are  the  Church  and  the  Double  Mountains,  and  the 
country  is  generally  broken  until  we  reach  the  Llano  Esta- 
cado,  or  Staked  Plain  (named  from  the  abundant  stake-like 
steins  of  the  yucca),  an  elevated  plateau  where  water  and 
grass  are  almost  wanting,  and  where  the  best  fuel  is  afforded 
by  the  great  woody  roots  of  the  dwarfed  and  scanty  shrub- 
bery. Western  Te.xas  is  generally  a  dry,  healthful,  pas- 
toral region,  with  pure  and  invigorating  climate,  varied 
scenery,  and  a  generally  ample  supply  of  clear  water  in 
its  streams,  wells,  and  springs;  but  northward  there  are 
tracts  where  the  water  is  salt  or  in  other  cases  is  so  charged 
with  lime-salts  as  not  to  be  potable.  Along  the  Rio 
Grande  the  country  is  frequently  barren,  and  its  growth  of 
mezquite  and  post-oak  is  so  small  as  to  constitute  no  longer 
1  forest,  but  a  thicket  or  chaparral.  South  of  New  Mexico 
^;hc  country  is  mountainous.  Here  are  the  Organ  Moun- 
tains, the  Sierras  del  Alamo,  del  Diablo,  Blanca,  Aquila, 
Monina,  Guadalupe,  Apache,  Pancut,  Charrote,  Ac,  extend- 
ing for  the  most  part  indefinitely  and  irregularly  eastward, 
nterspersed  with  salt  plains  and  table-lands,  where  slender 
hrroyoa  and  infrequent  water-holes  alone  prevent  the 
:;ountry  from  being  impassable.  The  coast-lands  of  Texas 
^re  everywhere  low,  and  frequently  sandy  or  marshy. 

Geolofjtj. — Azoic  or  primitive  rocks  appear  in  the  moun- 
tain-ridges on  the  Upper  Rio  Grande,  and  also  in  the  valley 
bf  the  river  Llano;  and  these  rooks  appear  to  be  flanked 
teastwardly  by  Silurian  deposits.  The  upper  valleys  of  the 
lied  River  and  the  Brazos  appear  to  be  of  triassic  age: 
put  the  great  formations  of  Texas  are  the  cretaceous  and 
Ihe  tertiary.  A  line  running  from  the  N.E.  angle  of  the 
■tate,  on  the  Arkansas  line,  south  westward  to  Austin,  and 
thence  to  San  Antonio,  and  extending  in  the  same  general 
Bourse  to  the  Rio  Grande,  would  roughly  divide  the  tertiary 
on  the  left  hand  from  the  cretaceous  on  the  right;  but  on 
'.he  sea-coast  the  tertiary  gives  place  to  quaternary  and 
■eccnt  formations.  The  cretaceous  covers  a  large  part  of 
:ho  remainder  of  Texas,  probably  including  the  Staked 
Plain ;  but  from  Cooke  co.  westward  nearly  to  that  plain 
there  is  a  large  expanse  of  the  carboniferous,  reappearing 
[perhaps  in  a  detached  field)  in  the  upper  valley  of  the 
yolorado.  The  main  coal-field  underlies  25  counties,  and 
Embraces  an  area  of  12,000  square  miles.  The  only  im- 
sortaut  mining  operations  are  conducted  in  Erath  co. 
Urown  and  black  lignites  of  the  tertiary  are  also  abundant, 
(ron  ore  has  been  wrought  to  a  limited  extent  in  the  ter- 
'iary.  Lead,  copper,  silver,  bismuth,  and  other  metals  are 
iuown  to  exist  in  the  interior,  and  the  ores  of  all  ar«  re- 


ported to  be  abundant  and  rich.  The  Spaniards  of  Mexico 
once  wrought  silver-mines  in  this  state.  Salt  springs  and 
lakes  are  numerous  in  the  northwest,  and  along  the  gulf 
shore,  especially  southwestward,  there  are  extensive  and 
productive  salt  lugoons.  Useful  mineral  springs  abound. 
Gypsum,  limestone,  and  sandstone  afford  serviceable  build- 
ing-materials. 

Rivers. — The  rivers  Sabine  and  Neches  reach  the  sea 
through  the  Sabine  Lake  and  its  Pass,  and  both  afford  some 
navigation,  chiefly  for  timber-schooners.  The  Angelina, 
an  affluent  of  the  Neches,  is  also  navigated  in  high  water. 
Into  Galveston  Bay  flow  the  Trinity  River  and  Buffalo 
Bayou,  both  navigable  for  steamboats.  The  Brazos  has 
been  navigated  by  steam  for  300  miles,  but  at  low  water  its 
channels  are  encumbered  by  shifting  shoals.  Matagorda 
Bay  receives  the  Colorado,  which  has  been  rendered  navi- 
gable to  Austin.  The  Guadalupe,  San  Antonio,  and  Nueces 
afford  but  few  commercial  facilities.  The  Rio  Grande  in 
its  lower  course  is  deep,  crooked,  and  swift,  with  a  bad  bar 
at  its  mouth,  but  steam  navigation  is  practicable  for  some 
distance  upon  it.  Its  principal  tributary  is  the  Pecos,  a 
long  but  slender  stream.  East  of  the  100th  meridian  Texas 
is  for  the  most  part  well  watered,  with  numerous  streams. 
The  Red  River  receives  from  Texas  the  Canadian,  Pease, 
Big  Wichita,  and  Little  Wichita  Rivers,  and  the  Sulphur 
Fork,  besides  several  upper  forks  and  head-streams.  The 
great  afiSuents  of  the  Brazos  are  the  Leon,  Clear  Fork,  and 
Navasota.  Into  the  Colorado  flow  the  Llano,  Concho,  San 
Saba,  and  Salt  Fork;  the  San  Marcos  into  the  Guadalupe, 
the  Medina  into  the  San  Antonio,  and  the  Rio  Frio  into 
the  Nueces.  The  Red  River  and  Big  Cypress  Bayou  afford 
valuable  steamboat  navigation  for  the  N.E. 

The  Coast-Line  is  400  miles  in  extent.  The  low  penin- 
sulas of  Bolivar  and  Matagorda,  and  the  sand  islands  of 
Galveston,  San  Luis,  Matagorda,  St.  Joseph,  Mustang, 
Padre,  and  Brazos,  fence  four-fifths  of  the  main  coast-line 
from  the  waves  of  the  gulf,  being  separated  from  the  main- 
land by  a  series  of  bays  and  lagoons,  of  which  the  prin- 
cipal are  East,  Galveston,  West,  San  Luis,  Matagorda, 
Tres  Palacios,  Lavaca,  Espiritu  Santo,  St.  Charles,  and  Cor- 
pus Christi  Bays,  and  the  Laguna  del  Madre.  Galveston, 
Indianola,  Corpus  Christi,  Brazos  Santiago  (with  Browns- 
ville), and  El  Paso  on  the  Upper  Rio  Grande  are  ports  of 
entry ;  and^  Sabine  City,  Velasco,  Matagorda,  and  Port 
Lavaca  have  also  some  commerce  by  sea.  Galveston  is  the 
seat  of  most  of  the  maritime  trade.  Texas  ships  immense 
quantities  of  cotton,  with  hides,  horns,  and  other  cattle- 
products,  deer-skins,  wool,  beeves,  wax,  pecan-nuts,  osage- 
orange  seed,  <fcc.,  and  by  rail  and  on  the  hoof  she  sends 
northward  great  numbers  of  beef-cattle  every  season.  She 
imports  sawn  lumber  from  the  more  eastern  Gulf  states,  and 
manufactured  goods  of  every  kind  from  the  North,  and 
there  is  a  brisk  trade  with  Mexico. 

Climate. — The  gulf  coast  has  a  long  and  hot  summer, 
tempered  by  sea-breezes,  and  qualified  by  occasional 
"  northers"  (as  the  cold  storm-winds  are  called),  which- 
sometimes  last  four  or  five  days.  The  high  inland  prairies 
have  a  delightful  climate  throughout  the  year.  W.  of  100° 
W.  Ion.  the  summers  are  too  dry  for  agriculture,  except 
where  irrigation  is  practicable.  As  a  whole,  Texas  is  re- 
markably healthful,  except  that  in  the  low  grounds  and 
moist  prairies  malarial  fevers  prevail.  The  coast-towns  are 
exposed  to  occasional  visitations  of  yellow  fever;  and 
along  the  Rio  Grande  the  singular  break-bono  fever,  or 
dentjne,  is  endemic. 

Native  Prodxicliont. — Among  the  native  wild  animals  are 
bears  and  deer  (abundant  in  the  eastern  pine  forests),  the 
peccary,  civet,  armadillo,  raccoon,  coyote,  opossum,  Ac.  The 
tarantula,  scorpion,  gallinipper,  sand-fly,  centipede,  wood- 
tick,  locust,  chigoe,  and  mosquito  are  troublesome  insect 
pests  in  some  parts.  Here  are  found  the  interesting  agri- 
cultural ants,  which  sow,  harvest,  and  store  away  their 
hoards  of  grain ;  and  elsewhere  the  sugar-ants,  whose 
neuters  secrete  sacs  of  honey-like  food  for  the  j'oung  brood. 
Many  birds  visit  this  state  which  are  never  seen  elsewhere 
in  the  United  States.  The  buffalo  and  mezquite  grasses  sus- 
tain immense  flocks  and  herds  in  the  W.  and  N.W. ;  and 
there  are  in  the  remote  districts  many  wild  horses  of  the 
kind  known  as  the  mustang  or  broncho.  Among  the  trees 
are  long-  and  short-leaved  pine,  cypress,  live-  and  post-oak, 
blackjack,  pecan,  hickory,  mulberry,  plane,  buckeye  (one 
or  more  peculiar  species),  walnut,  bois  d'aro,  and  locust. 
The  mezquite  affords  excellent  fuel,  besides  gum,  tanners' 
bark,  and  edible  pods  and  seeds.  The  mustang  grape  and 
post-oak  grape  are  among  the  excellent  native  fruits,  and 
the  former  is  thought  to  be  of  a  species  peculiar  to  Texas. 
Palm  trees  grow  in  the  S.W.  In  the  W.grow  native  species 


TEX 


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of  ebony  and  lignum-ritae,  nnd  there  are  many  largo  and 
aiuall  species  of  ciiotus,  some  of  which,  whoa  deprived  of 
their  spines,  are  fed  to  cattle  by  the  Mexicans  of  the  W. 
A  characteristic  plant  of  the  W.  is  the  yucoa,  wliioh  stands 
erect  like  a  post,  its  top  crowned  with  sharp  buyonet-like 
loaves,  and  in  the  proper  seivson  it  bears  huge  corymbs  of 
delicate  white  flowers. 

Agriculture. — On  the  coast  sea- island  cotton  is  grown. 
The  doop,  stiff  alluvion  of  the  river-bottoms  near  the  gulf 
is  adapted  to  sugar-culture,  and  is  unsurpassed  for  cotton. 
The  prairies  (both  black  and  chocolate)  are  tine  corn-  and 
cotton-lands.  In  the  S.E.  rice  does  well ;  and  as  a  rule  all 
the  eastern  and  central  sections  are  adapted  to  cotton  and 
corn  and  to  the  raising  of  stock  and  fruits.  Swine  thrive 
upon  the  abundant  most  of  the  timbered  lands.  Wheat  of 
special  excellence  is  grown  in  the  N.,  centre,  and  W. ;  but 
the  general  occupation  westward  is  cattlo-nusing  and  wool- 
growing.  The  broken  and  hilly  country  ])resents  facilities 
for  irrigation,  which  is  destined  greatly  to  extend  the  area 
of  cultivable  land.  Besides  the  staple  crops  mentioned 
above,  the  leading  products  are  oats,  barley,  pulse,  sweet 
and  true  potatoes,  hay,  and  tobacco.  Those  of  Mexican 
stock  cultivate  a  small  bean  or  frijol,  besides  the  chick- 
pea, onion,  and  the  cAi7e  Colorado  or  rod  pepper,  their 
favorite  articles  of  food.  Wine  is  produced  to  a  consider- 
able extent.  The  European  wine-grape  does  well  in  the 
N.W.,  and  El  Paso  formerly  was  noted  for  her  pleasant 
"  Pass"  wines  and  brandies.  Figs  and  oranges  thrive  in 
the  southward  parts  of  Texas. 

Mnnnfactares  are  not  yet  extensively  established ;  but 
carriages,  wagons,  bricks,  flour,  condensed  milk,  meat  ex- 
tracts, furniture,  castings,  lumber,  beer,  cotton-seed  oil, 
saddlery,  harnesses,  lime,  salt,  woollens,  home-made  cloths, 
and  some  other  indispensable  branches  of  manufacture 
flourish.  The  abundance  of  raw  materials,  the  water-power 
of  the  W.  central  region,  and  the  high  price  of  manufac- 
tured goods,  promise  good  returns  to  the  capitalist  who  in- 
vests in  this  branch  of  industry.  Some  beginning  has  al- 
ready been  made  in  the  cotton-manufacture. 

liailroads. — In  1854  there  were  54  miles  of  railroad;  in 
1860,  307  miles;  in  1865,  465  miles;  in  1870,  711  miles;  in 
1875, 1685  miles;  in  1880,  3244  miles;  in  1885,  6370  miles, 
and  in  1890,  8710  miles.  Texas  has  given  large  grants  of 
land  in  aid  of  all  the  more  important  roads,  for  the  public 
lands  of  Texas  belong  to  the  state  and  not  to  the  general 
government. 

Finances. — In  1890  the  state  debt  amounted  to  $4,237,730, 
of  which  the  permanent  school  fund  held  $2,048,800,  the 
permanent  university  fund  held  $549,300,  the  Agricultural 
and  Mech.anical  College  held  $209,000,  the  Blind  Asylum 
fund  held  $80,400,  the  Deaf  and  Dumb  Asylum  fund  held 
$44^500,  nnd  the  Lunatic  Asylum  fund  held  $85,100.  In 
the  fiscal  year  ending  August  31, 1890,  the  revenue  receipts 
were  $2,685,171.61. 

Counties. — These  in  1890  numbered  244,  as  follows  :  An- 
derson, Andrews,  Angelina,  Aransas,  Archer,  Armstrong, 
Atascosa,  Austin,  Bailey,  Bandera,  Bastrop,  Baylor,  Bee, 
Bell,  Bexar,  Blanco,  Borden,  Bosque,  Bowie,  Brazoria, 
Brazos,  Brewster,  Briscoe,  Brown,  Buchel,  Burleson,  Bur- 
net, Caldwell,  Calhoun,  Callahan,  Cameron,  Camp,  Carson, 
Cass,  Castro,  Chambers,  Cherokee,  Childress,  Clay,  Cochran, 
Coke,  Coleman,  Collin,  Collingsworth,  Colorado,  Comal, 
Comanche,  Concho,  Cooke,  Coryell,  Cottle,  Crane,  Crockett, 
Crosby,  Dallam,  Dallas,  Dawson,  Deaf  Smith,  Delta,  Den- 
ton, De  Witt,  Dickens,  Dimmit,  Donley,  Duval,  Eastland, 
Ector,  Edwards,  Ellis,  El  Paso,  Encinal,  Erath,  Falls,  Fan- 
nin, Fayette,  Fisher,  Floyd,  Foley,  Fort  Bend,  Franklin, 
Freestone,  Frio,  Gaines,  Galveston,  Garza,  Gillespie,  Glass- 
cock, Goliad,  Gonzales,  Gray,  Grayson,  Gregg,  Grimes, 
Guadalupe,  Hale.  Hall,  Hamilton,  Hansford,  Hardeman, 
Hardin,  Harris,  Harrison,  Hartley,  Haskell,  Hays,  Hemp- 
hill, Henderson,  Hidalgo,  Hill,  Hockley,  Hood,  Hopkins, 
Houston,  Howard,  Hunt,  Hutchinson,  Irion,  Jack,  Jack- 
son, Jasper,  JeflF  Davis,  Jefferson,  Johnson,  Jones,  Karnes, 
Kaufman,  Kendall,  Kent,  Kerr,  Kimble,  King,  Kinney, 
Knox,  Lamar,  Lamb,  Lampasas,  La  Salle,  Lavaca,  Lee, 
Leon,  Liberty,  Limestone,  Lipscomb,  Live  Oak,  Llano, 
Loving,  Lubbock,  Lynn,  McCulloch,  McLennan,  McMul- 
len,  Madison,  Marion,  Martin,  Mason,  Matagorda,  Mave- 
rick, Medina,  Menard,  Midland,  Milam,  Mills,  Mitchell, 
Montague,  Montgomery,  Moore,  Morris,  Motley,  Nacog- 
doches, Navarro,  Newton,  Nolan,  Nueces,  Ochiltree,  Old- 
ham, Orange,  Palo  Pinto,  Panola,  Parker,  Parmer,  Pecos, 
Polk,  Potter,  Presidio,  Rains,  Randall,  Red  River,  Reeves, 
Refugio,  Roberts,  Robertson,  Rockwall,  Runnels,  Rusk, 
Sabine,  San  Augustine,  San  Jacinto,  San  Patricio,  San 
Saba,  Schleicher,  Scurry,  Shackelford,  Shelby,  Sherman, 


Smith,  Somervell,  Starr,  Stephens,  Stonewall,  Sutton 
Swisher,  Tarrant,  Taylor,  Terry,  Throckmorton,  Titus,  Tom 
Green,  Travis,  Trinity,  Tyler,  Upshur,  Upton,  Uvalde,  Viil. 
verde.  Van  Ziindt,  Victoria,  Walker,  Waller,  Ward,  Wni'h. 
inglon,  Webb,  Whnrton,  Wheeler,  Wichita,  Will)iirger,  Wi|. 
liauifon,  AVilson,  Winkler,  Wise,  Wood,  Yoakum,  Young 
Zapata,  and  Zavala.  ' 

The  chief  cities  and  towns,  according  to  the  consai  of 
1890,  were  Dallas,  an  important  railroad  centre  (pop, 
38,067);  San  Antonio,  the  western  niotroi>olis  (37,673)- 
Galveston,  a  seaj)ort,  with  the  best  harbor  in  the  »ttttc 
(29,084) ;  Houston,  a  railroad  and  manufacturing  city  and 
cotton  centre,  on  the  navigable  Buffalo  Bayou  (27,557)' 
Fort  Worth,  about  30  miles  \V.  of  Dallas,  with  great  rail- 
road nnd  shipping  facilities  (23,076);  Austin,  the  capital 
(14,576);  Laredo  (11,319),  Dcnison  (1(1,958),  El  Paeo 
(10,388),  Paris  (8254),  Sherman  (7335),  Marshall  (7207), 
Tyler  (6908),  Gainesville  (6594),  Corsicana  (0285),  anj 
Brownsville  (6134).  The  increase  of  population  of  late 
years  has  been  immense;  and  we  may  further  enumernte 
among  the  important  towns  Palestine,  Brenham,  Corpus 
Christi,  Greenville,  Temple,  Weatlierford,  Bonhain,  Beau- 
mont, Cleburne,  Abilene,  Orange,  Waxahachie,  Jefferson, 
VictoMa,  Sulphur  S))rings,  and  Belton. 

Government,  d'v. — The  constitution  of  1876  fixes  the  term 
of  the  governor  and  of  most  of  the  executive  officers  at 
two  years.  The  legislature  sits  biennially,  and  consists  of  i 
senate  of  31  and  a  house  of  representatives  of  93  members 
Judicial  officers  are  elective,  and  serve  for  limited  terins. 
Voters  must  have  resided  one  year  in  the  state  and  six 
months  in  the  district  where  the  vote  is  cast;  and  if  finan- 
cial measures  are  voted  upon,  tax-payers  alone  are  allowed 
to  vote.  Texas  sends  13  representatives  to  the  lower  house 
of  Congress.  Among  the  public  institutions  are  the  state 
penitentiary  at  lluntsvillc,  and  the  state  asylums  for  deaf- 
mutes,  for  lunatics,  and  for  the  blind,  at  Austin.  Private 
and  incorporated  hospitals  and  orphanages  exist  in  the 
large  towns.  At  the  penitentiary  the  convicts  are  mostly 
employed  upon  contract  labor  and  public  works,  such  as 
road-building,  timber-felling,  &o. 

Education. —  I'ublic  schools  are  provided  for  by  statute. 
There  is  a  state  board  of  education  in  each  fully-orgaaizel 
county,  a  board  of  school  directors,  and  in  each  school  dis- 
trict a  board  of  trustees.  Separate  schools  are  required  by 
law  for  colored  youth.  There  is  a  permanent  school  fund 
amounting  to  more  than  $6,000,000,  besides  which  the  state 
controls  40,000,000  acres  of  school  land,  valued  at  $3  per 
acre,  and  each  county  has  17,712  acres  at  the  same  valua- 
tion. This  will  ultimately  produce  an  enormous  school 
fund  of  more  than  $150,000,000.  There  is  a  normal  school 
for  white  pupils  at  Huntsvillo,  and  one  for  colored  pupils 
at  Prairie  View.  The  richly  endowed  state  university  is 
located  at  Austin.  Near  Bryan  stands  the  state  agricul- 
tural and  mechanical  college.  There  are  universities,  some 
of  them  as  yet  in  embrj'o,  at  Galveston,  Georgetown,  Chapel 
Hill,  Fort  Worth,  Independence,  Waco,  Ttliuacana,  and 
Marshall;  colleges  at  Brownsville,  Henderson,  Iluntsville, 
Italy,  Salado,  Sherman,  Waxahatchie,  Goliad,  and  Gon- 
zales; female  colleges  at  Iluntsville,  Independence,  Paris, 
Chapel  Hill,  Waco,  and  Dallas;  and  a  large  number  of  pri- 
vate and  incorporated  seminaries,  academies,  and  parochial 
and  conventual  schools.  There  are  schools  of  theology,  law, 
and  medicine.  Texas  Military  Institute,  at  Austin,  folloirs 
the  university  plan  of  instruction,  and  is  one  of  the  most 
importiint  educational  institutions  in  the  state. 

Historif. — Early  in  the  eighteenth  century  the  Spaniards 
planted  settlements  here,  and  established  the  province  of 
the  New  Philippines.  Their  occupation  of  the  country  was 
the  occasion  of  many  political  intrigues  between  the  Spanish 
authorities  and  the  French  of  Louisiana,  between  which 
province  and  Texas  the  boundary  was  never  settled.  Texas 
soon  became  a  portion  of  the  Spanish  province  of  Jlcxico. 
After  the  United  States  came  into  ])ossession  of  Louisiana 
these  intrigues  became  a  series  of  revolutionary  atteinjits, 
and  Texas  was  for  years  the  resort  of  outlaws  and  adven- 
turers from  every  ]iart  of  the  United  States.  In  1S13  the 
Sabine  was  agreed  upon  as  the  eastern  limit,  and  in  1822 
the  country  became  a  part  of  the  now  independent  Mexico. 
In  1835  the  ill  feeling  between  the  English-speaking  in- 
habitants and  the  Mexicans  (bred  by  the  turbulence  and 
lawlessness  of  the  one  and  by  the  cruelty  nnd  treachery  of 
the  other  party)  broke  out  in  open  and  bloody  war,  during 
which  occurred  the  massacres  of  the  Alamo  and  of  (5oli»d; 
but  Houston's  victory  on  the  San  Jacinto  ami  the  ciipture 
of  President  Santa  Anna  ended  the  contest,  and  made  Texas 
an  independent  republic;  and  it  so  remained  until  IS-lo, 
when  it  was  annexed  to  the  United  States.    The  ilesican 


TEX 


2607 


TIIA 


war  speedily  followed,  and  settled  (among  other  disputed 

?oints)  the  Rio  Grande  as  the  southwestern  boundary, 
n  1850  Texas  sold  to  the  United  States  for  $10,000,000 
her  claims  to  lands  outside  her  present  limits.  In  18B1  the 
state  convention  passed  an  ordinance  of  secession,  and  after 
the  war  the  state  was  not  readmitted  to  representation  in 
Congress  until  1870. 

Population. — In  1850  there  were  212,592  inhabitants; 
in  1860,  604,215;  in  1870,  818,579;  in  1880,  1,691,749;  in 
1890,  2,235,523.  The  majority  of  the  white  inhabitants 
are  English-speaking  people,  immigrants  from  the  different 
Southern  states,  or  the  descendants  of  such  immigrants; 
but  there  are  many  Spanish-Americans  also,  especially 
southwestward.  Large  numbers  of  Germans  and  many 
English  and  French  have  settled  in  the  S.W.  central  region. 
Texas,  a  county  rn  the  S.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an  area 
of  about  1145  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Current 
River,  the  Piney  Fork  of  the  Gasconade,  and  Roubidoux 
Creek.  All  of  these  streams  rise  in  this  county.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  yellow 
pine,  oak,  ash,  hickory,  maple,  hemlock,  <fec.  The  soil  is 
partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  grass,  lumber,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  minerals  are  lead  and 
limestone.  Capital  Houston.  Pop.  in  1870,  9618;  in  1880, 
12,206;  in  1890,  19,406. 

Texas,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Ala.,  about  24 
miles  S.E.  of  Hamilton,  and  18  miles  N.E.  of  Fayette  Court- 
Uouse.     It  has  a  general  store.     Pop.  about  50. 

Texas,  a  post-oflSce  of  Heard  co.,  Ga.,  18  miles  N.W. 
of  La  Grange. 

Texas,  a  township  of  De  Witt  co..  111.     Pop.  1064. 

Texas,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Ky.,  about  44 
miles  S.W.  of  Lexington.  It  has  2  churches,  a  seminary, 
and  a  plough-factory. 

Texas,  Baltimore  co.,  Md.     See  Ellexgowan. 

Texas,  a  post- township  of  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.,  about 
10  miles  S.W.  of  Kalamazoo,  is  intersected  by  the  Michi- 
gan Central  Railroad.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  1079. 

Texas,  a  township  of  Dent  co..  Mo.     Pop.  870. 

Texas,  a  hamlet  of  Middlesex  co.,  N.J.,  2  miles  from 
Spotswood. 

Texas,  a  post-village  in  Mexico  township,  Oswego  co., 
N.Y.,  on  Lake  Ontario,  about  14  miles  E.N.B.  of  Oswego. 
It  has  a  church,  2  stores,  and  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  150. 

Texas,  Champaign  co.,  0.    See  Mutual. 

Texas,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  0.     Pop.  566. 

Texas,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  0.,  on  the  Maumee 
River  and  the  AV abash  &  Erie  Canal,  about  30  miles  S.W. 
of  Toledo.     It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

Texas,  a  township  of  Wayne  co..  Pa.    Pop.  4449. 

Texas,  Pennsylvania.    See  New  Texas. 

Texas,  a  station  in  Marion  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Balti- 
more <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Grafton. 

Texas,  a  post-office  of  Tucker  co.,  W.  Va. 

Texas,  a  township  of  Marathon  co.,  AVis.     Pop.  278. 

Texas  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saline  co..  111.,  on  the 
Cairo  &  Vincennes  Railroad,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Harrisburg. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Texas  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fremont  co..  Col.,  32 
uiiles  W.  of  Cafion  City.  It  has  2  schools  and  a  saw-mill. 
It  is  surrounded  by  high  mountains. 

Texas  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marathon  township, 
Cortland  co.,  N.Y.,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Marathon. 

Texeda,  a  sierra  of  Spain.    See  Tejeda. 

Texel,  tix'Jl,  or  Tes'sel,  an  island  in  the  North  Sea, 
belonging  to  the  Netherlands,  and  separated  from  the  main- 
land by  Mars-Diep,  2 J  miles  across.  Length,  13  miles; 
greatest  breadth,  6  miles.  Pop.  6145,  engaged  in  agricul- 
ture, fishing,  boat-building,  and  as  pilots.  Surface  low, 
and  chiefly  in  pasturage,  on  which  fine  breeds  of  cattle  and 
sheep  are  reared.  Its  N.  part  is  termed  Eyerland  ("  Egg- 
land"),  from  the  great  abundance  of  eggs  deposited  there 
by  wild  fowl.     It  contains  a  town  and  several  villages. 

Texiitia,  a  town  of  Central  America.    See  Tejutl.i. 

Teyde,  Peak  of.    See  Tenerjffe. 

Teynga,  tain'gi,  the  northernmost  of  the  Sooloo  Islands, 
hit.  6°  62'  N.,  Ion.  121°  43'  E. 

Teza,  ti'zi,  or  Tesse,  tSs'si,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises 
in  the  S.  of  the  government  of  Kostroma,  flows  circuitously 
S.  into  the  governmentof  Vladimeer,  and  joins  the  Kliasma, 
after  a  course  of  about  100  miles. 

Teza,  ti'zi,  written  also  Teja,  a  town  of  Morocco, 
kingdom  and  65  miles  E.  of  Fez,  on  an  affluent  of  the 
Seboo.  Pop.  11,000.  It  has  a  fine  mosque  and  well-sup- 
plied markets. 

Tezco'co,  or  Tezcuco,  t3s-koo'ko,  a  lake  of  Mexico, 
state  and  about  2i  miles  E.  of  the  city  of  Mexico,  with 


which  it  is  connected  by  a  canal.  It  is  the  largest  and 
lowest  of  the  five  lakes  in  the  same  vicinity;  greatest 
length,  from  N.  to  S.,  about  15  miles;  greatest  breadth,  9 
miles.  Its  waters  are  so  strongly  impregnated  with  salt  as 
to  leave  a  white  deposit  on  its  banks  and  supply  a  num- 
ber of  salt-works  which  have  been  erected.  'The  lake  was 
once  much  more  extensive  than  at  present,  and  contained 
islands,  on  which  the  Mexico  of  the  lucas  was  built. 

Tezcoco,  or  Tezcuco,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  and 
about  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  the  city  of  Mexico,  on  the  E. 
shore  of  the  lake  of  its  own  name.  In  ancient  times  it  was 
the  second  city  in  the  kingdom,  and,  though  still  a  place  of 
some  importance,  now  derives  its  chief  interest  from  his- 
torical associations  and  remains  of  antiquity.  In  the  N.W. 
quarter  is  a  shapeless  mass  of  pottery,  bricks,  and  some 
large  neatly-squared  slabs  of  basalt,  thickly  overgrown  with 
aloes,  said  to  be  one  of  the  palaces  of  Montezuma ;  and  in 
the  S.  quarter  are  the  massive  remains  of  three  vast  pyra- 
mids, each  measuring  400  feet  along  the  base  of  their  fronts. 
They  appear  to  have  been  temples  devoted  to  human  sacri- 
fices and  other  impious  rites.  The  modern  town  contains 
many  handsome  edifices,  both  public  and  private,  ha* 
manufactures  of  woollen  and  cotton  goods,  and  carries  on 
an  active  trade  with  Mexico.     Pop.  about  5000. 

Tez'poor',  or  Tez'pore',  a  town  of  India,  province 
of  Assam,  capital  of  the  district  of  Durrung,  on  the  Brahma- 
pootra River,  75  miles  above  Gowhatty.     Pop.  3032. 

Thackeray,  thak'^r-?,  or  Thack'ery,  a  post-hamlet 
of  Hamilton  co.,  111.,  on  the  St.  Louis  &  Southeastern  Rail- 
road, 17  miles  W.  of  Carmi.     It  has  a  church. 

Thai,  ti,  the  prefixed  name  of  several  cities  of  China. 
See  Tai. 

T'hai,  the  native  name  of  Siam. 

Thai-Pe-Shan  (or  -Chan),  trpi'shin',  a  moun- 
tain of  China,  in  Kan-Soo.   Lat.  32°  46'  N.;  Ion.  105°  3'  E. 

Thai-Pe-Shan  (or  -Chan),  a  mountain  of  China, 
in  Shan-See,     Lat.  39°  20'  N.;  Ion.  111°  59'  E. 

Thai-Pe-Shan  (or  -Chan),  a  mountain  of  China,  in 
Shen-See.     Lat.  38°  65'  N. ;  Ion.  107°  42'  E. 

Thai,  t^l,  a  village  and  parish  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  E.N.B.  of  St.  Gall.  Near  it  is  a  mineral  spring,  over 
which  a  bath  has  been  erected.     Pop.  2665. 

Thala,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Ferianeh. 

Thale,  ti'I?h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  of  Saxony, 
S.W.  of  Magdeburg,  near  the  Ilarz  Mountains,    Pop.  3311. 

Thaleain,  British  Burmah.    See  Salwin. 

Thalweil,  til'^ile,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  6  miles  S.  of  Zurich,  on  a  height,  above  the  W.  shore 
of  the  Lake  of  Zurich.  It  consists  chiefly  of  a  number  of 
houses  clustering  around  the  church.     Pop.  2535. 

Thame,  or  Tame,  a  river  of  England,  cos.  of  Bucks 
and  Oxford,  after  a  S.W.  course  of  40  miles,  at  Dorchester 
joins  the  Isis,  to  which  it  afterwards  gives  the  name  of, 
Thames.    See  Tame. 

Thame,  or  Tame,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  12 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Oxford,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Thames, 
which  hero  becomes  navigable.  Pop.  2823.  It  has  a  large 
and  handsome  church,  the  ruins  of  an  ancient  prebendal 
house,  a  workhouse,  and  a  manufactory  of  lace. 

Thames,  tSmz  (anc.  Tam'esis ;  Fr.  Tamige,  til'meez'), 
the  principal,  though  not  the  longest,  river  of  England, 
through  the  S.  part  of  which  it  flows,  mostly  in  an  E.  direc- 
tion. It  rises,  under  the  name  of  the  Isis,  about  2  miles 
S.  of  Cirencester,  flows  at  first  S.  to  near  Crick  lade,  then 
E.N.E.  to  near  Oxford,  and  S.E.  past  Oxford,  Abingdon, 
and  Wallingfordto  Reading,  after  which  its  course  is  mostly 
E.  to  Gravesend.  A  few  miles  beyond  this  it  expands  into 
an  estuary,  which,  at  its  junction  with  the  North  Sea,  at 
the  Nore,  between  the  Isle  of  Sheppey  and  Foulness  Point, 
is  15  miles  across,  and  has  on  its  opposite  banks  the  towns 
of  Shocburyness  and  Sheerness.  Total  course,  estimated  at 
215  miles.  At  Dorchester  it  receives  the  Thame  from  the 
N.,  and  thenceforth  assumes  its  proper  name.  The  Med- 
way  joins  its  estuarj'  at  Sheerness.  Thames-head  Bridge 
is  376  feet  above  sea-level.  At  London  Bridge  the  width 
of  the  river  is  290  yards;  at  AVoolwich,  490  yards;  at 
Gravesend,  800  yards;  and  3  miles  below,  1290  yards. 
The  basin  of  the  Thames  has  an  area  of  6100  square  miles, 
occupies  nearly  one-eighth  of  the  area  of  England,  and 
comprehends  some  of  the  richest  agricultural  districts  o^ 
the  kingdom.  The  depth  of  the  river,  in  the  fair-way 
above  Greenwich  to  London  Bridge,  is  12  to  13  feet, 
while  its  tides  have  a  mean  range  of  17  feet  and  an  ex- 
treme rise  of  22  feet.  Up  to  the  Tower  it  is  navigable  by 
vessels  of  800  tons,  and  to  Blackwall  by  vessels  of  1400 
tons.  At  London,  and  below,  the  accommodation  provided 
for  shipping  is  of  the  most  extensive  and  magnificent  de- 


TH4c 


ifloa 


THE 


•oription,  and  by  means  of  numerous  canals  iiumodiato 
Mcoss  is  );iTen  frum  its  basin  to  those  of  all  tbo  great  rivers 
of  tbo  kingdom. 

Under  tbo  Romans  tbo  Tbames  formed  tbo  N.  boundary 
of  tbo  province  of  liritanuta  Prima.  During  tbo  Saxon 
beptarcny  it  divided  tbe  kingdoms  of  Wossox,  Sussex,  and 
Kent  from  those  of  Meroiu  and  Essex  ;  it  now  separates  tbo 
COS.  of  Oxford,  Bucks,  Middlesex,  and  Essex  on  tbe  N.  from 
those  of  Berks,  Surrey,  and  Kent  on  tbe  S. 

Thames  (commonly  pronounced  tbami),  a  rivorof  Con- 
necticut, is  formed  by  tbo  Quinebaug,  Shetuckct,  and  Yan- 
tic  Kivers,  tbo  second  and  third  of  which  unite  at  Norwich. 
It  runs  southward  about  15  miles,  ond  enters  Long  Island 
Sound  3  miles  below  New  London,  which  is  on  this  river. 
Steamboats  ascend  it  to  Norwich.  The  mouth  of  this  river 
forms  an  excellent  harbor  for  tbe  port  of  New  London. 

TkaineS)  tdmz,  a  river  of  Ontario,  flows  through  a  fer- 
tile country  in  tbe  peninsula  between  Lakes  Huron  and 
Erie,  and,  after  a  S.W.  course  of  160  miles,  enters  Lake 
St.  Clair.  It  is  navigable  for  boats  from  its  mouth  to 
Cbatbiuu,  besides  which  town,  London  and  Oxford  are  on 
its  banks. 

Thames,  timz,  or  Wai-ilo,  wi  bo,  a  river  of  New 
Zealand,  North  Island,  after  a  northward  course,  joins  tbe 
sea  by  an  estuary  30  miles  in  breadth,  termed  the  Pirth  of 
tbe  Thames.  Tbo  town  of  Thames,  on  the  firth,  about  35 
miles  S.E.  of  Auckland,  boa  a  pop.  of  6000. 

Thamesford)  tdm2'f9rd,  a  post-village  of  Ontario  co., 
Ontario,  on  the  river  Thames,  5  miles  W.  of  Ingersoll.  It 
contains  3  churches,  4  or  5  stores,  a  potash-factory,  and 
saw-,  grist-,  and  woollon-mills.     Pop.  500. 

Thamesville,  thamz'vll,  a  hamlet  and  station  of  the 
New  London  Northern  Ilailroad,  on  the  Thames  Iliver,  1 
mile  S.  of  Norwich,  Conn. 

Thamesville,  tfimz'vil,  (formerly  Tecum'seth),  a 
post-village  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Bothwell,  on  tbe  river  Thames, 
and  on  the  Great  Western  Railway,  49  miles  S.W.  of  London. 
It  contains  saw-,  grist-,  and  carding -mills,  a  cabinet-fac- 
tory, 5  hotels,  and  about  12  stores.  Three  miles  from  this 
place  is  tbo  Indian  village  of  Moravian  Town,  tbe  site  of 
the  battle  of  tbe  Thames,  in  which  fell  the  Indian  warrior 
Tecumseh.     Pop.  500. 

Thana,  t&'n&  or  t'hil'n&,  a  small  town  of  the  North 
Punjab,  on  the  route  from  Lahore  to  Cashmere.  Lat.  33° 
26'  N.J  Ion.  74°  16'  E.  Most  of  the  inhabitante  are  shawl- 
weavers. 

Thanasur,  t'b&^nH-siir',  a  town  of  India,  capital  of 
a  rajahship,  94  miles  N.W.  of  Delhi,  on  the  route  to  Um- 
ballah. 

Tha'net)  a  post-village  in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  4S 
miles  back  of  Belleville.     Pop.  100. 

Thanet,  Isle  of,  England.    See  Isle  of  Thanet. 

Than -Hee- Shan,  or  Than-Hi-Chan,  t'b.W. 
hee'shin',  a  mountain  of  China,  province  of  Yun-Nan, 
Lat.  23°  50'  N.;  Ion.  100°  22'  E.  It  is  covered  with  per- 
petual snow. 

Than-lyeng,  or  Thanlwcng.    See  Salwix. 

Thann,  tdnn,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  on  the 
Tbur,  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Colmar,  with  which  place  it  is 
connected  by  railway.  Pop.  7544.  It  has  a  fine  Gothic 
church  with  a  spire  325  feet  in  height,  and  manufactures 
of  cotton  and  silk  fabrics,  wine,  leather,  and  chemicals. 

Thannhausen,  t^n'hdw'z^n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in 
Swabia,  on  the  Mindel,  here  crossed  by  a  bridge,  20  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Augsburg.     Pop.  15S0. 

Tharandt,  or  Tharand,  ti'rJnt,  a  town  of  Saxony, 
9  miles  S.W.  of  Dresden,  N.  of  the  forest  of  its  own  name. 
It  has  a  renowned  agricultural  school.     Pop.  2554, 

Tharthar,  tar'tar'  or  t'harH'bar',  a  river  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  after  a  S.  course  parallel  to  the  Tigris,  is  lost  in  a 
salt  lake  70  miles  N.W.  of  Bagdad. 

Thaso,  thi'so,  or  Tha'sos,  an  island  in  the  .Sgean 
Sea,  belonging  to  European  Turkey,  but  under  Egyptian 
administration,  off  the  S.  coast  of  Roumelia,  30  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Mount  Athos.  The  shape  is  nearly  circular. 
Area,  138  square  miles.  Pop.  5213.  Tbe  surface  is  gen- 
erally fertile  and  well  wooded ;  the  products  comprise  corn, 
fruits,  oil,  wine,  honey,  marble,  and  timber.  In  its  interior 
is  the  small  town  of  Volgaro,  and  on  its  N.E,  side  the  vil- 
lage of  Thaso, 

Thaso  Pulo,  or  Thaso  Ponlo,  tb&'sopoo'lo  ("  Little 
Thaf^o''),  a  small  island  about  3  miles  N.  of  Thaso. 

Thatch'er's  Land'ing,  a  post-office  of  James  co., 
Tcnn.,  on  the  Tennessee  River.  , 

Thau,  l^tang  de,  France.    See  Etanc  dg  Thatt. 

Thau'maco  (modern  Greek  pron.  tb5w'm&-ko},  a 
small  town  of  Thessaly^  35  miles  S.S.W.  of  Larisea,  on  » 


castellated  height,  on  which  are  remains  of  the  anoUal 
T/iiiuiiutci. 

Thaw'ville,  a  post-village  in  Onarga  township,  Ijo- 
quois  CO.,  III.,  on  tbe  Gilmun,  Clinton  <t  Spriugtield  lUiU 
road,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Gilmun.     It  bos  a  church, 

Thax'tcd,  a  town  and  parish  of  England,  co.  of  EasWi 
17  miles  N. N.W.  of  Chelmsford.  Pop.  2188.  The  town) 
on  the  Chelnier,  near  its  source,  is  of  great  antiquity.  It 
has  a  fine  old  church  and  a  guild  hall. 

Thax'ton's,  a  small  post-village  of  Bedford  co.,  Vr., 
on  tbe  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad,  30  miles  W. 
of  Lynchburg.     It  has  3  stores. 

Thaya,  ti'i,  a  river  of  Lower  Austria  and  Moravls, 
after  an  E.  course  of  130  miles,  joins  the  March  39  tniloi 
N.E.  of  Vienna.  It  receives  the  Iglawa,  with  the  Zwit- 
tau,  from  the  N.,  by  which  it  drains  all  the  S.W.  half  of 
Moravia. 

Thayer,  thair,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Nebraska, 
bordering  on  Kansas,  has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Little  Blue  River  and  Big  Sandy  Creek 
The  surface  is  undulating  and  nearly  destitute  of  forests. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay  or  gross,  and 
live-stock  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Hebron.  It  ii 
traversed  by  tbe  St.  Joseph  &  Denver  City  Railroad.  Pop. 
in  1876,  2410;  in  1880,  6113. 

Thayer,  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  Iowa,  in  Jonea 
township,  on  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  6 
miles  E.  of  Afton.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  114. 

Thayer,  a  flourishing  post-villnge  in  Chetopa  township, 
Neosho  CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Leavenworth,  Lawrence  i  Gal. 
veston  Railroad,  23  miles  S.  of  Humboldt,  and  about  18 
miles  N.W.  of  Parsons.  It  is  also  on  the  Memphis,  Car- 
thage &  Northwestern  Railroad.  It  has  a  newspaper  office, 
a  bank,  a  church,  and  a  graded  school.  Coal  is  mined  near 
this  place.     Pop,  about  500. 

Tnayer,  a  post-office  of  York  co..  Neb.,  on  tbe  Middle 
Fork  of  the  Big  Blue  River,  50  miles  W,  by  N.  of  Lincoln, 

Thayer,  a  station  of  tbe  Union  Pacitio  Railroad,  'ii 
miles  E.  of  Green  River  City,  Wyoming. 

Thayer's  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  N.Y. 

Thayetmnyo,  thi'yet-mi'o,  a  district  of  British  Bur» 
mah,  Pegu  division.  Area,  2397  square  miles.  Capital, 
Thayetmayo.     Pop.  156,816. 

Thayetmayo,  a  town  of  British  Burmah,  capital  of 
Thayetmayo  district,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Irrawaddy, 
about  25  miles  above  Prome,     Pop.  8379. 

Theaki,  or  Thiaki.    See  Ithaca, 

The  Arabah,  a  valley  in  Arabia,    See  Ahabah, 

The  Bay,  a  post-office  of  Calcasieu  parish.  La. 

The  Bend,  Defiance  co.,  0.     See  Delawake  Bend. 

Thebes,  theebz  {ane.  Uiog'poUt  Mmj'na;  Gr.  Ato^ireAtf 
(ityaKri,  i.e.,  "  the  great  city  of  Jove ;"  the  iVb  or  A'o-Amtnon 
of  Scripture),  a  famous  city  in  antiquity,  long  the  capital 
of  Egypt,  the  stupendous  remains  of  which,  in  Upper 
Egypt,  extend  for  7  miles  along  both  banks  of  the  Nile, 
about  lat.  25°  41'  N.,  and  present  in  every  respect  the 
finest  collection  of  ancient  monuments  existing  in  the  world. 
Its  foundation  is  lost  in  antiquity;  but  it  had  long  been 
one  of  the  most  distinguished  cities  of  Egypt,  and  attained 
to  almost  unexampled  prosperity,  at  a  period  considerej 
coeval  with  tbe  reigns  of  David  and  Solomon  in  Judea, 
when  it  began  to  suffer  by  the  rise  of  Memphis,  and  lost 
much  of  its  importance  by  tbe  transfer  of  the  seat  of  gov- 
ernment to  the  latter.  It  sustained  a  still  severer  blow 
during  the  invasion  by  tbe  Persians  under  Cambyses,  who 
Qaptured  and  pillaged  it.  Its  destruction  was  completed,  it 
is  said,  by  Ptolemy  Latbyrus,  who  in  the  second  century 
B.C.,  after  a  three  years'  siege,  left  it  a  heap  of  ruins.  These 
ruins,  however,  bear  ample  testimony  to  its  original  granr 
deur,  and  some  of  them  are  still  in  wondrous  preservation. 
Tbo  most  ancient  and  splendid  is  the  temple  of  Karnak, 
which  covered  an  area  of  about  Ii  miles  in  circuit  and  re- 
ceived its  embellishments  from  a  succession  of  monarchs 
who  vied  with  one  another  in  the  lavishness  of  their  ex- 
penditure upon  it.  It  faces  the  river,  and  is  approached 
by  an  avenue  of  crio-spbinxes,  which  terminated  at  two 
colossal  statues  of  granite.  Numerous  historical  sculp- 
tures are  carved  on  various  parts  of  the  temple,  especially 
on  the  interior  of  its  great  hall,  and  furnish  vivid  repre- 
sentations of  the  events  to  which  they  refer.  Next  in  im- 
portance to  the  ruins  of  Karnak  are  those  of  the  palace  of 
Luxor,  rather  more  than  1  mile  above  the  temple,  but  con- 
nected with  it  by  a  dromoi,  or  street,  commencing  at  two 
obelisks  of  red  granite  corered  with  a  profusion  of  hiero- 
glyphics admirably  executed.  The  dimensions  of  the  pal- 
ace are  less  than  those  of  the  temple,  but  the  style  of 
architecture  is  considered  superiM:,  and  tbe  state  of  preser- 


THE 


2609 


THE 


ration  is  more  complete.  On  the  left  banit  of  the  Nile, 
wiiich  bore  the  name  of  the  Libyan  suburb,  was  situated 
the  quarter  called  Moinnonia,  also  a  very  extensive  necrop- 
olis, still  containing  many  raagniticent  monumental  struc- 
tures. The  Alemnonia  is  so  called  from  its  containing  the 
palace-temple  of  Meiunonium  or  llamcseum  (?),  which  for 
symmetry  and  elegance  is  not  surpassed  by  any  monument 
of  Egyptian  art.  A  remarkable  colossus,  once  the  wonder 
of  the  ancients,  still  exists,  in  a  dilajjidated  state.  It  is 
called  the  Vocal  Memnon,  from  a  sound  which  it  emitted 
at  sunrise.  The  statue  possesses  great  interest  both  from 
the  skill  displayed  in  its  formation  and  from  the  number  of 
the  hieroglyphics  engraved  on  it.  The  necropolis,  on  the 
same  side  of  the  river,  is  rich  in  antiquities,  and  contains 
numerous  catacombs,  from  one  of  which  the  famous  tomb 

of  Belzoni  was  excavated. Adj.  and  inhab.  The'bam. 

Thebes  (Gr.  ©^/Sat,  Tkelai,  pronounced  thee'vA,  by  the 
modern  Greeks;  Turkish,  Teeva),  a  town  of  Greece,  in 
JBceotia,  on  a  height  anciently  occupied  by  the  Cadmcian 
'citadel,  26  miles  E.S.E.  of  Livadia.  Pop.  3050.  Thebes, 
founded  by  Cadmus  about  B.C.  1549  (?),  the  birthplace  of 
llesiod,  Pindar,  Pelopidas,  and  Epaminondas,  was  anciently 

[a  city  of  great  wealth  and  importance. Adj.  and  inhab. 

[Tiik'ban. 

1  Thebes,  theebz,  a  post-haralet  of  Alexander  co.,  111., 
Hn  Thebes  township,  on  the  Mississippi  Kiver,  about  26 
'miiles  N.N.W.  of  Cairo.  Pop.  of  the  township,  473. 
I  Thebo,  thi'bo,  a  town  of  Burmah,  105  miles  E.  of  Ava. 
The  Uuttes,  biits,  a  remarkable  group  of  porphyritic 
■nountains  in  Sutter  co.,  Cal.,  11  miles  \V.  of  Marysville. 
rThere  are  three  proraineut  peaks,  the  highest  of  which  is 
nbout  1500  feet  in  elevation.  The  group  is  about  30  miles 
in  circuit.  The  Buttes  are  covered  with  a  growth  of  wild 
bats. 

I    The  Cape,  a  post-offioe  of  Dare  co.,  N.C. 
'    The  Caves,  a  post-office  of  Baltimore  co.,  I.IJ. 

The  Cor'ner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  1 
nile  from  Mount  Pleasant  Station  on  the  Ulster  &  Dela- 
,?are  Railroad,  and  20  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Kingston.  It  has  2 
:hurches  and  a  wood  pulp  factory. 
;    The  Cove,  New  York.    See  Sheep's  IIead  Bay. 
!   The  Dalles,  Oregon.    See  Dalles. 
i    Thedford,  Ontario.     See  Widdek  SrATioy. 
.   The  Fisher's  Islands,  China  Sea.  See  Pheng-Hoo. 
'   The  Forks,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  eo.,  Me.,  at  the 
junction  of  two  branches  of  the  Kennebec  River,  about  50 
jniles  N.  by  W.  of  Skowhegan. 
I   The  Forks,  a  post-office  of  Wheeler  co.,  Neb. 

The  Forts,  a  post-office  of  Plaquemines  parish.  La., 
n  the  Mississippi  River,  75  miles  below  New  Orleans.     It 

near  Forts  Jackson  and  St.  Philip. 
'  The  Glen,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
ludson  River  and  the  Adirondack  Railroad,  44  miles  N. 
f  Saratoga  Springs. 
The  Gold  Mines,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  N.C. 
^op.  932. 

The  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cook  co.,  III.,  about  20 
ailes  N.N.W.  of  Chicago. 

I  The  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coryell  co.,  Tex.,  35  miles 
i.W.  ofWaco.     It  has  2  stores.     Pop.  about  100. 
i  The  Gums,  a  post-hamlet  of  Panola  co.,   Miss.,  15 
ailes  W.  of  Sardis. 

'  The  Havanuah,  Cuba.    See  Havana. 
!  The  HoI'low,  a  post-office  of  Patrick  co.,  Va. 
;  The  Hook,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  oo.,  N.Y.,  in  Ar- 
yle  township,  8  miles  from  Fort  Edward. 
•  Theills,  or  Thiells,  tilz,  a  hamlet  of  Rockland  co., 
T.Y.,  on  the  New  Jersey  &  New  York  Railroad,  4  miles 
V.  of  Haverstraw.     It  has  a  church,  a  basket-factory,  &c. 
'  Theiiman,  Wabasha  CO.,  Minn.    See  THiELMANTav. 
'  Theiss,  tice  (Hun.   Tisza,  tee'soh* ;  anc.  Tibis'cus),  a 
Sver  of  Hungary,  all  the  E.  part  of  which,  and  most  of 
Transylvania,  is  drained  by  it  and  its  tributaries,  rises  in 
Me  Carpathian  Mountains,  on  the  borders  of  Galicia,  and  is 
'jrnicd  by  the  union  of  the  Black  and  White  Theiss,  20 
liles  E.N.E.  of  Szigeth.     Its  course  is  then  W.  to  Tokay, 
hence  it  has  a  S.  course  to  the  Danube,  which  it  joins  on 
■ae  left  between  the  Banat  and  Slavonia,  22  miles  E.  of 
'eterwardein.   Total  length,  500  miles,  for  the  greater  part 
f  which  it  is  navigable.     Chief  affluents,  the  Szamoe,  the 
i.ras7.na,  the  Kfircis,  the  Maros,  and  the  Bega. 
Thcmar,  tA'mar,  a  walled  town  of  Saxe-Meiningen,  on 
le  Werra,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Meiningen.     Pop.  1665.     It 
'as  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth  and  paper. 
The  Mode,  Isle  of  Wight.    See  Medi.va. 
Themsche,  a  town  of  Belgium.    See  Tamise. 
TiiCttse,  tke  Latin  name  of  Tiai<Biio»T. 


Thenezay,  t?h-n?h-z4',  a  town  of  France,  in  Deuz- 
Sevres,  11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Parthenay.     Pop.  889. 

Theuou,  t§h-n6so',  a  town  of  France,  in  Dordogne, 
18  miles  E.S.E.  of  P6rigueux.     Pop.  1898. 

The  Oaks,  a  post-office  of  Lowndes  co.,  Miss. 

Theodosia,  tlie  ancient  name  of  Kaffa. 

Theodosiopoiis,  an  ancient  name  of  EnzRootr. 

Theodule  (ti'oMUl')  Pass,  Alps,  is  between  Pied- 
mont and  the  Swiss  canton  of  Valais.     Height,  10,000  feet. 

Theoduria,  the-o-doo're-i,  a  small  town  of  European 
Turkey,  in  Epirus,  28  miles  S.S.E.  of  Yanina. 

Theological  (the^o-loj'e-kal)  Seminary,  a  post- 
village  of  Fairfax  co.,  Va.,  about  8  miles  S.W.  of  Washing- 
ton, D.C.  Here  is  a  theological  seminary  of  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  denomination. 

The  Paarl,  Cape  Colony.    See  Paarl. 

The  Plains,  a  post-village  of  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  at 
Plains  Station  on  the  Manassas  division  of  the  Virginia 
Midland  Railroad,  48  miles  W.  of  Alexandria.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Thera,  thi'ri,  or  Phera,  fi'rl,  a  town  of  Greece, 
capital  of  the  island  of  Santorini  (or  Thera),  on  its  W. 
coast.     Pop.  5143.     See  also  Santouini. 

Therain,  t^h-r.^x"',  a  river  of  France,  rises  near  tbo 
E.  frontiers  of  Seine-Infcrieure,  enters  the  department  of 
Oise,  flows  S.E.  past  Beauvais,  and  joins  the  Oise  near  Creil. 
Length,  50  miles. 

Therapia,  t6r-a-pee'a,  written  also  Tarapia,  a  vil- 
lage of  Eurojiean  Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  on  the  W.  shore 
of  the  Bosporus,  7i  miles  N.N.E.  of  Constantinople,  with 
numerous  country-houses  and  residences  of  the  French  and 
English  ambassadors. 

Thcra'sia,  an  island  of  Greece,  W.  of  Thora. 

Theraud,  t'hfir^awd',  a  town  of  India,  province  of 
Guzerat,  150  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Odeypoor. 

Theresa,  te-ree'sa,  a  post-village  in  Theresa  township, 
Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Indian  River,  and  on  a  branch  of  the 
Utica  &  Black  River  Railroad,  24  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Water- 
town,  and  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Carthage.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  printing-office,  2  fliour-mills,  a  foundry,  and  manufactures 
of  cheese,  machinery,  lumber,  woollen  goods,  &c.  The 
township  comprises  several  beautiful  lakes.  Pop.  of  village, 
798;  of  township,  2361. 

Theresa,  a  [lost-village  in  Theresa  township,  Dodge 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  Rock  River,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Fond  du 
Lac,  and  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Horicon.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  flouring-mill,  and  a  brewery.    Pop.  of  the  township,  2098. 

Theresa  Junction,  a  station  of  the  Utica  &  Black 
River  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  two  branches,  2i  miles 
S.  of  Theresa,  N.Y. 

Theresienstadt,  t<5r-!V'ze-?n-stltt',  also  called  Mao 
ria  Theresienopel,  mi-reo'3,  tdr-i^ze-^n-o'p^l,  a  town 
of  Austria,  in  Bohemia,  2  miles  S.E.  of  Loitmeritz,  on  the 
Eger,  near  its  confluence  with  the  Elbe.  Pop.  2334.  Its 
fortress  was  built  by  Joseph  II.  in  1780. 

Theresienstadt,  or  Theresienopel,  tSr-d'ze-§n-o'- 
p?l  (Ilun.  Szttbadka,  soh'bod'koh^),  a  town  in  Southeast 
Hungary,  co.  of  Bacs,  25  miles  S.AV.  of  Szegedin.  Pop. 
63,400.  It  has  several  churches,  a  college,  large  barracks, 
a  town  hall,  manufactures  of  linen,  leather,  and  tobacco, 
and  a  trade  in  horses,  cattle,  sheep,  raw  hides,  and  wool. 

Thcresiopolis,  tSr-i'ze-op'o-lis,  a  town  of  Hungary, 
CO.  and  18  miles  E.  of  Temesvar.     Pop.  4552. 

The  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Elliott  co.,  Ky. 

Therma,  an  ancient  name  of  Salonica. 

Thermae.    See  Teumi.vi. 

Thermrc,  the  ancient  name  of  Tiermas.  •• 

ThermJB  Helveticse.    See  Badex, 

Thermaicus  Sinus.    See  Gulf  op  Saloxica. 

Thermeh,  or  Termeh,  tfiR'mfih,  a  river  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  rises  N.N.W.  of  Kara-Hissar,  flows  W.,  and  then 
N.  into  the  Black  Sea.     Total  course,  about  100  miles. 

Thermeh,  or  Termeh  (anc.  Ther'modon),  a  town  of 
Asiatic  Turkey,  130  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Trebizond,  near  the 
mouth  of  the  Thermeh. 

Thermia,  thfir-mee'S,  (anc.  Ci/ik'not;  Gr.  Ktidfot  or 
Kuenos),  an  island  of  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  in  the  Cj'- 
clades,  government  and  22  miles  W.  of  Syra,  midway  be- 
tween Zea  and  Serpho.  Area,  48  square  miles.  Pop.  6000. 
It  produces  wheat,  barley,  wine,  figs,  honey,  and  some  silk, 
and  derives  its  name  from  the  hot  springs  on  its  E.  side, 
near  the  principal  village  of  Thermia,  with  a  pop.  of  1484. 

Thermopylae,  th^r-mop'e-lo  (Gr.  ©<pMoiruAai,  i.e.,  "the 
hot  gates"),  or  Pyla;,  pi'lee  (Gr.  nOAai,  i.e.,  "the  gates"), 
a  famous  pass  of  Greece,  between  Mount  ffita  and  the  Gulf 
of  Lamia,  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lamia.  The  pass,  about  5 
miles  long,  is  hemm.ed  in  on  one  side  by  precipitous  rocks 


THE 


2610 


Tni 


from  400  to  600  feot  in  height,  and  on  the  othor  side  by 
tho  SUV  and  nn  iuipassublo  iiiurasii.  It  was  here  that  Looni- 
diis  and  his  300  Spartiins  died  in  defending  Urocco  against 
tho  inviu-ion  of  Aorxes,  ii.c.  480.  Tlio  I'olyiindriuni,  an 
ancient  tumulus,  with  the  remains  of  a  square  pedestal, 
built  of  bluciis  of  red  marble  breccia,  marks  tho  spot.  Near 
here  are  remarkable  hot  springs,  to  whioh  the  pass  owes  its 
bame. 

The  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Upson  oo.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Upson  County  llailroivd,  OS  miles  S.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  gri:it-uiill. 

The  Uockf  a  post-office  of  Mercer  co.,  W.  Va. 

Thesn,  the'si,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Morocco,  on  the 
Seboo,     Lat.  34°  «'  N. ;  Ion.  3°  55'  W.     Pop.  about  5000. 

The  Square,  a  hamlet  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Scipio 
township,  y  miles  S.S.W.  of  Auburn.     It  has  a  church. 

Thcssnionica,  European  Turkey.     See  .Sai.onica. 

Thes8'Rlv,or  Thessn'lia  (modern  Greek  pron.  thSs- 
.sA-lec'^;  Fr.  77j.c»»aiie,  tds^siMce' ;  Ger.  TJiest(ilicu,ti,-sk'- 
le-9n),  or  Trikhala,  tree'kA-l.\  (anc.  Theatu'lia),  a  former 
province  of  Turkey,  acquired  by  Greece  in  1881,  between 
lat.  39°  and  40°  30'  N.,  Ion.  21°  30'  and  23°  26'  E.,  hav- 
ing W.  the  chain  of  Pindus,  separating  it  from  Epirus 
and  Albania,  N.  Maccdoniii,  and  E.  tho  Gulfs  of  Salonica 
and  Volo,  between  which  it  sends  a  long  peninsula  into 
the  JEgejvn  Sea.  It  is  traversed  by  the  ramifioiitions  of 
Mount  Pindus,  and  contains  many  fertile  valleys,  watered 
by  the  Salcmbria  (anc.  J'ene'iu).  Near  tho  coast  are  Mounts 
Kissovo  and  Zagord  (anc.  Osna  and  I'elion),  and  on  the  N. 
frontier  is  the  famed  Mount  Olympus  of  antiquity.  Prin- 
cipal products,  cotton,  olives,  and  silk.  Chief  towns,  La- 
rissn,  Trikhala,  Volo,  and  Ainbelakia. 

Tliet'ford,  a  town  of  England,  cos.  of  Norfolk  and 
Suffolk,  on  tho  navigable  Little  Ouse,  at  the  inQux  of  the 
Thet,  2Si  miles  W.S.W.  of  Norwich,  on  the  Eastern  Coun- 
ties llailway.  Pop.  4166.  Tho  town  is  irregularly  but  well 
built.  The  principal  structures  are  St.  Peter's,  or  the 
"  black  church,"  built  mostly  of  flint,  the  guild  hall,  market- 
house,  jail,  bridewell,  theatre,  a  cast-iron  bridge  across  the 
Ouse,  a  grammar-school,  almshouses,  and  other  charities. 
Thetlbrd  was  for  a  brief  period  the  capital  of  the  kingdom 
,of  East  Anglia,  and  in  the  seventh  century  tho  see  of  the 
bishop.  So  late  as  the  time  of  Edward  III.  it  was  stated 
to  have  20  churches  and  8  monasteries. 

Thct'ford,  a  township  of  Genesee  co.,  Mich.     P.  1184. 

Thetford,  a  station  of  the  Passumpsic  Railroad,  is  on 
the  Connecticut  llivcr,  at  East  Thetford,  14  miles  N.N.E. 
of  White  River  Junction,  Vt. 

Thetford,  a  post-village  in  Thetford  township.  Orange 
CO.,  Vt.,  2  miles  W.  of  Thetford  Station  of  tho  Passumpsic 
'R.ailroad,  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  White  River  Junction,  and 
about  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rutliind.  It  has  a  church  and  an 
academy.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Con- 
necticut River.  It  contains  North  Thetford  and  Union 
Village.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1613. 

Thetford  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  Vt., 
in  Thetford  township,  about  38  miles  S.S.E.  of  Montpelier. 
It  has  a  church. 

The  Twelve  Apostles,  Wis.  See  Apostles  Lslands. 

Theusiug,  toi'zing,  written  also  Theysingand  Deu- 
sing,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  about  15  miles  S.E.  of  Elbogen. 
Pop.  2204. 

'Thciix,  tah,  a  town  of  Belgium,  province  and  13  miles 
S.E.  of  Liege,  on  tho  railway  to  Aix-la-Chapelle.     P.  3598. 

Thcw-ee-Choh.    See  Great  Pish  Riveii. 

Theys,  ti,  a  town  of  France,  in  Isere,  16  miles  N.E. 
of  Grenoble.     Pop.  883. 

Thiaki,  one  of  the  Ionian  Islands.     See  Ithaca. 

Thian-Men-Shan  (or  -Chan),  toe'dn'mdn^shin',  a 
mountain  of  China,  province  of  Ivan-Soo.  Lat.  33°  32'  N. ; 
Ion.  104°  32'  E.     It  is  covered  with  perpetual  snow. 

Thian>Shan,  tee^in'sh&n  (or  "celestial  mountains"), 
a  lofty  mountain-chain  of  Chinese  Toorkistan,  forming  the 
N.  boundary  of  the  great  table-land  of  Central  Asia,  and 
extending  from  lat.  42°  to  43°  N.  and  Ion.  80°  to  90°  E. 
It  separates  Toorkistan  proper  on  the  S.  from  Soongaria  on 
the  N.  In  many  parts  it  abounds  with  volcanic  products 
and  rises  far  above  the  limits  of  perpetual  snow. 

Thian-Shan-Pelu,  Asia.    See  SooscAniA. 

Thian-Thsang-Shan  (or  -Chan),  tee'^n'tsdng^- 
shin',  a  mountain  of  China,  in  Yun-Nan.  Lat.  25°  45'  N. ; 
Ion.  100°  15'  E.     It  is  covered  with  pcr])etual  snow. 

Thiaucourt,  tee'o^koou',  a  town  of  France,  in  Meurthe- 
et-Mosclle,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Pont-i-Mousson.     Pop.  1610. 

Thibet,  or  Tibet,  tib'et  or  tib-5t'  (native,  Pueko- 
achin,  poo-i-ko-i-cheen'  (?),  "  snowy  region  of  the  north ;" 
Chinese,  Tsang ;  Hindoo,  Bhot,  b'hot;  the  name  Tibet  or 


Ttthet  being  of  Mohammedan  origin),  an  oxtonsivo  roelo 
of  Central  Asia,  included  in  the  Chinese  Erajiirc,  stretch 
ing  from  Ion.  79°  to  103°  E.,  and  from  the  great  chain  of  th 
Himalaya  to  about  lat.  30°  N.,  having  N.  Chinese  Toorkia 
tan,  the  desert  Gobi,  and  the  Koko-Nor  territory ;  W,  Lii 
dakh,  and  tho  other  countries  of  "  Little  Thibet,"  forinerl 
belonging  to  the  Sikhs;  E.  China  proper;  andS.  theterri 
tories  of  Burmah,  British  India,  Bootan,  Sikkim,  Nepaul 
and  the  Punjab.  Length,  from  E.  to  W.,  1400  nilea 
breadth,  600  miles.  Pon.  6,000,000.  The  W.  part,  whicl 
alone  has  been  explored  by  Europeans,  is  a  lofty  table-land 
with  a  very  dry  climate,  cold,  but  not  severe  ;  and  thelowe 
limit  of  the  snow-line  is  higher  on  the  N.  than  on  the  Si 
slope  of  tho  Himalaya.  It  is  the  most  elevated  country  oi 
the  surfivce  of  tho  globe,  the  highest  ])Iain8  being  morethur 
15,000  feet  above  the  sea.  Many  of  tho  princijial  rivers  of 
Southern  Asia,  the  Indus,  Sutlej,  and  Brahmapootra,  riat 
in  Thibet,  and  numerous  affluents  of  the  Ganges  brenk 
through  the  Himalaya  also,  from  West  Thibet.  From  Ensi 
Thibet,  which  seems  to  be  a  maze  of  mountains,  flow  the 
Yang-tse-Kiang  and  many  large  tributaries  of  the  BrahJ 
mapootra.  Thibet  contains  many  lakes,  some  of  which  ar* 
of  great  size,  such  as  the  Tcngri-Nor,  Palte,  and  Manasaro^ 
war,  one  of  the  sources  of  the  Sutlej. 

The  land  in  West  Thibet,  so  far  as  has  been  discovered,  ij 
very  bare  of  trees  or  large  vegetable  products,  yet  it  aboundi 
with  game  and  other  wild  animals,  and  numerous  flocks  of > 
sheep  and  goats,  the  hairy  wool  of  which  is  used  for  the 
manufacture  of  shawls  and  other  fine  fabrics  in  Casbmercj 
The  yak  {I'oephogns  grunnieiia)  and  several  other  kinds  of 
cattle  are  reared;   horses,  mules,  and  sheep  are  used  atj 
beasts  of  burden.     A  fine  race  of  dogs,  and  the  musk-deery 
a  small  species,  are  natives  of  Thibet.     Barley,  pease,  !ind| 
wheat  are  the  chief  crops  raised;  garden  vegetables  andl 
fruits  are  in  little  variety,  and  the  inhabitants  live  more  by 
pastoral  than  by  agricultural  pursuits.    Clay-slate,  granite, 
quartz,  and  limestone  are  constituents  of  the  mountain^' 
ranges;    borax  in  great  quantity,   nitre,  rock  salt,  lead,! 
silver,  copper,  gold,  turquoise,  and  lapis-lazuli  are  among  the.i 
mineral  products;  but  the  great  scarcity  of  fuel  forms  a  I 
serious  obstacle  to   mining  and  the  reduction  of  metals,  i 
Near  Garoo  there  are  extensive  gold-fields.     Manufactures  < 
of  woollens,  sacking,  and  other  woven  fabrics  are  prettyj 
general,  and  much  cloth  is  sent  from  Lassa  into  Cbinft.^1 
The  traffic  through  Thibet  is  extensive,  and  mostly  moDop-i 
olized  by  the  government  and  officers  of  state.    The  trade 
with  China  is  conducted  at  Lassa  and  Sin-Ning,  a  town  of 
the  Chinese  province  Kan-Soo,  where  tho  Thibetan  caravans 
exchange   the  native  produce  and  Indian  goods  for  tea,  ] 
silver,  bullion,  brocades,  fruits,  tobacco,  quicksilver,  cinna- 
bar, furs,  porcelain,  musical  instruments,  pearls,  and  coriils. 
Nepaul  and  Bootan  derive  all  their  Chinese  goods  through 
Thibet;  and  from  the  former  and  Bengal,  English  and  In- ; 
dian  piece-goods,  sugar,  tobacco,  indigo,  paper,  rice,  spices, 
sandal-wood,  and  gums  are  received  ;  from  Assam,  silk,  iron,  | 
and  stick  l.ac;  from  Chinese  Toorkistan,  horses  and  camels; 
from  Ladakh,  dried  fruits,  shawls,  gamboge,  safl"ron,  cop- 
per, tobacco,  and  timber.     The  roads  and  bridges  are  far 
inferior  to  those  of  China.     Thibet,  which  became  subordi- 
nate to  China  in  1648,  is  politically  divided  into  East,  or 
Hither,  and  West,  or  Ulterior  Thibet,  each  ruled  by  a  minis- 
ter from  Peking,  in  conjunction  witli  the  ecclesiastical  heads 
of  the  country, — the  Dalai-Lama,  at  Lassa,  the  eastern  capi- 
tal, and  the  Teshoo-Lama,  at  Teshoo-Loomboo,  tho  western 
capital.   Thibet  is  the  head-quarters  of  Booddhism,  which  is 
here  exhibited  in  its  greatest  purity.     The  country  abounds 
with  temples,  and  it  is  stated  that  80,000  lamas,  or  priests, 
are  supported  at  the  expense  of  the  government.    Among 
the  inhabitants  there  are  believed  to  be  about  8000  Roman 
Catholics.   The  Chinese  armed  force  consists  of  60,000  men, 
of  whom   50,000  are  infantry.     The  population,  like  the 
other  inhabitants  of  the  table-land  of  Central  Asia,  are  of 
tho  Mongolian  race.     Besides  Lassa,  the  chief  towns  «re 
Teshoo-Loomboo,  Jiga-Gounggar,  <fec. 

No  conqueror  from  the  S.  ever  yet  possessed  himself  of 
Thibet  proper.  Shah  Jehan-Geer,  in  1640,  attempted  the 
conquest  of  Hoo-Tsang  ;  but  the  advance  to  Leh  was  dis- 
astrous, and  his  troops  retraced  their  steps.  Jenghis  Khan 
brought  Thibet  under  his  rule,  but  he  afterwards  established 
the  Dalai-Lama  in  the  sovereignty.  Tamerlane  also  con- 
quered tho  country,  but  ho  interfered  little  in  its  internal 
regulations.  The  'Thibetans  remained,  with  few  intermis- 
sions, subject  to  their  own  sovereigns  tiil  the  time  of  the 
Chinese  emperor  Kang-He,  whose  supremacy  ihey  finally 
acknowledged  in  1727.  Kien-Loong,  about  1790,  after 
successfully  repelling  an  invasion  of  tho  Goorklias,  who 
had  plundered  Teshoo-Loomboo,  further  extended  the  im- 


Tin 


2611 


THO 


■r 


perial  rule  in  Thibet,  which  tho  Chinese  sovereigns  have 
ever  since  with  mucli  solicitude  preserved,  since  their  wield- 
ing the  religious  influence  exercised  by  the  Dalai-Lama  over 
tho  Tartar  and  Mongolian  tribes  is  of  vital  importance  to 

them. Adj.  and  inhab.  Thibetan,  tib'e-tg.n. 

Thibodeaux,  tib'o-do',  a  post-village,  capital  of  La- 

.  fourche  parish.  La.,  on  IJayou  La  Fourche,  3  miles  N.  of 
Terro  Bonne  Station,  which  is  on  Morgan's  Louisiana  & 
Texas  Kailroad,  55  miles  W.  by  S.  of  New  Orleans.  It  has 
a  court-house,  2  ncwsjiaper  offices,  a  convent,  7  churclies  (3 

,  colored),  2  colleges  or  seminaries,  and  a  foundry.     Steam- 

I  boiits  can  ascend  the  bayou  to  this  place.     P.  (1880)  1515. 
ThicJi'ety  Creek,  of  South  Carolina,  flows  through 

!  Union  co.  into  Croad  liiver,  a  lew  miles  above  tho  mouth 

;  of  Pacolett  River. 

ThicI,   or   TicI,   teel,   a  town   of   the   Netherlands, 

'  province  of  Geldcrland,  on  the  AVaal,  22  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Arnhcm.  Pop.  8142.  It  has  manufactures  of  leather 
and  of  linen  and  woollen  fabrics. 

Thiele,  tce'l(jh,  TicI,  teel,  or  Zihl,  tseel,  a  river  of 
Switzerland,  cantons  of  Vaud  and  liern,  joins  the  Aar  5 

I  miles  E.  of  Bienne,  after  a  N.E.  course  of  65  miles,  in 
which  it  traverses  the  lakes  of  Neufchatel  and  Bienne.  Tho 
village  of  Thiele  is  situated  between  the  lalses. 
Tliiells,  Rockland  oo.,  N.Y.     See  Tukii.ls. 

I     Thielinan,  tcel'man,  a  post-office  of  Armstrong  co., 

I  Dakota. 

Thielmanton,  teel'man-ton,  or  Theilman,  teel'- 

■  man,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wabasha  co.,   Minn.,  on  or  near 

iZumbro  River,  and  on  the  Wabasha  division  of  the  Chi- 

•cago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  at  Theilman  Station, 
19  miles  W.S.W.  of  Wabasha. 

IThielrode,  teel'ro-d^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Planders,  on  the  Scheldt,  18  miles  E.  of  Ghent.  Pop.  1835. 
Thielt  (anc.  Tiletumf),  a  town  of  Belgium,  province 
•of  West  Flanders,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Bruges,  in  lat.  51°  N., 
don.  3°  20'  E.  It  has  a  town  house,  surmounted  by  a  Gothic 
tower,  a  college,  a  school  of  design,  a  musical  society,  sev- 
eral boarding-schools  and  benevolent  institutions,  manu- 
ifactures  of  cotton  and  linen  goods,  hats,  leather,  lace,  cards, 
•tobacco,  glue,  oil,  soap,  and  Prussian  blue,  a  distillery,  brow- 
leries,  roperies,  brick-works,  dye-works,  and  bleach-fields, 
and  an  important  trade  in  grain  and  linen.  Pop.  10,910. 
•  Tliienen,  a  Flemish  name  of  Tiulemo.vt. 
!  Thieusvilie,  thi'^nz-vil,  a  hamlet  of  Ozaukee  co., 
Wis.,  in  Mequon  township,  on  the  Milwaukee  River  and 
fthe  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  18  miles  N.  of  Milwaukee. 
ilt  has  a  flour-mill  and  2  stores.  The  name  of  its  post- 
loffico  is  Mequon  River. 

'  Thierache,  tee^^h-rish',  an  old  subdivision  of  France, 
fin  Picardy.  Guise  was  its  capital.  It  is  now  comprised  in 
■the  department  of  Aisne. 

Thierachern,  tee'riK-Qrn,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
(canton  and  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bern.  Pop.  826. 
<  Thiers,  te-aiii'  (anc.  Can'trnm  Thiijer'nitm?),  a  manu- 
jfacturing  toAvn  of  France,  department  of  Puy-dc-Dome,  on 
khe  BuroUe,  35  miles  E.N.E.  of  Clermont-Ferrand,  in  lat. 
p°  51'  N.,  Ion.  3°  33'  E.  Pop.  11,182.  It  has  a  chamber 
«of  arts  and  manufactures,  a  communal  college,  and  exten- 
sive manufactures  of  cutlery,  paper,  and  candles. 
j  Thieulain,  tee'uh'l:\N»',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
Ilainaut,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Mons.     Pop.  1051. 

Thieusies,  tee' uh'see',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Ilai- 
pnaut,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Mons,  with  manufactures  of  chiccory, 
!a  brewery,  and  a  distillery. 

?  Thiezac,  te-d'zik',  a  village  of  France,  in  Cantal,  11 
biles  N.E.  of  Aurillac.     Pop.  lUSO. 

\  Thimister,  tee'mocsHaiii',  a  town  of  Belgium,  prov- 
ance  and  14  miles  E.  of  Liege.     Pop.  2502. 

Thionville,  a  town  of  Germany.     See  Diedeshofen'. 
,,  Third,  a  township  of  Richland  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1815. 
'    Third  Creek,  a  village  and  township  of  Gasconade 
ICC,  Mo.     Pop.  of  village,  200;  of  township,  1228. 

Third  Lake,  Wisconsin.     See  Four  Lakes. 
i     Third  Mountain,  Pa.    See  Sharp  Mountain. 
f    Thirl'mere,  Thir'lamere,  or  Leath'es-VVater, 
|a  lake  of  Cumberland,  in  England,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Keswick. 

Thirsk,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  North  Riding, 
'on  the  York  <fe  Newcastle  Railway,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  North- 
iallerton.  Pop.  3040.  It  has  a  fine  old  church,  various 
•chiipels,  and  manufactures  of  coarse  linens  and  sacking, 
'i'liirsk  sends  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 
'  Thirty-Nine  Mile  3Iountain,  Colorado,  is  com- 
'puted  to  be  11,000  feet  high.  Lat.  38°  49'  40"  N. ;  Ion. 
,105°  34'  35"  W.  It  is  39  miles  N.N.W.  of  Canon  City. 
I  Thiry  Daems,  tlr'e  damz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kewaunee 
CO.,  Wis.,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Green  Bay.     It  has  a  church. 


Thisnes,  teen,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Liege,  13  milea 
N.W.  of  Iluy,  with  2  breweries  and  a  sandstono-quarry. 

Thisselt,  tis's§lt,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and 
14  miles  S.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  1058. 

Thisted,  or  Tisted,  tis'tfid,  a  seaport  town  of  Den- 
mark, in  Jutland,  on  an  arm  of  the  Lym-Fiord,  12  miles 
N.W.  of  Nykjiibing.     Pop.  3552. 

This'tle  Island,  South  Australia,  at  tho  entrance  of 
Spencer  Gulf,  in  lat.  35°  6'  S.,  Ion.  136°  11'  E.  Length, 
12  miles;  breadth,  2  miles. 

Thistletown,  this'^l-town,  or  Saint  An'drews,  a 
post-villago  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  3  miles  from  Weston.  It 
contains  a  store  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  200. 

Thiva,  a  town  of  Greece.     See  Thebes. 

Thiv'ener,  a  post-oftioe  of  Gallia  co.,  0. 

Thiverval,  teeVSuVill',  a  village  of  Franco,  in  Seine- 
ct-Oise,  canton  of  Poissy.  llere  are  the  chateau  and  park 
of  Grignon,  with  an  agricultural  institute,  and  a  quarry 
containing  an  immense  variety  of  fossil  shells. 

Thiviers,  tce've-i',  a  town  of  France,  in  Dordognc,  18 
miles  N.E.  of  Pcrigueux.     Pop.  2114. 

Thizy,  tce'zee',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Rhone,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Lyons.  It  has  cotton-factoriea. 
Pop.  3179. 

"I'lilono'to  Creek,  of  Dooly  co.,  Ga.,  flows  W.  into 
Flint  River. 

Thogji-Churao,  thog'jec-choo'mo,  a  salt  lake  of 
Ladakh,  among  the  West  Himalayas,  15,500  feet  above  the 
sea-level,  60  miles  S.E.  of  Lch.  It  is  about  3  miles  long, 
and  is  covered  with  saline  plants.  It  appears  to  have  cov- 
ered once  a  much  larger  space  than  at  present,  and  to  have 
been  then  fresh,  as  the  surrounding  plain  consists  of  clay 
beds  containing  prodigious  numbers  of  fresh-water  shells. 

Thoiry,  twi'reo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Sa\oy  proper, 
6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Chambery.     Pop.  of  commune,  1363. 

Thoissey,  twis'see',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ain,  on  an 
affluent  of  the  Saone,  9  miles  S.  of  Macon.     Pop.  1748. 

Thok-Jalung,tok-yi-loong',  a  gold-field  in  Thibet, 
84  miles  N.E.  of  Garoo.     Altitude,  16,330  feet. 

Tholen,  or  Tolen,  to'l^n,  a  fortified  town  of  the 
Netherlands,  province  of  Zealand,  on  the  island  of  Thoien, 
between  the  Scheldt  and  the  Mouse,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Ber- 
gen-op-Zoom.     Pop.  2000. 

Thollenbcek,  tol'l^n-bailt^  a  village  of  Belgium, 
province  of  Brabant,  on  the  Marcq,  about  19  miles  S.W.  of 
Brussels.     Pop.  2307. 

Thollou,  toP16N»',  a  village  of  France,  in  Upper  Savoy, 
29  miles  E.N.E.  of  Geneva,  near  the  S.  shore  of  the  Lake 
of  Geneva. 

Thoinar,  to-man',  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of 
Estremadura,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Abrant«s.     Pop.  4112. 

Thomas,  tom'q.s,  a  southern  county  of  Georgia,  borders 
on  Florida.  Area,  about  950  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Ocklockonnee  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Ocilla 
and  Ucheo  Rivers.  The  surface  is  level,  and  a  large  ])art 
of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  sandy  and  fertile. 
Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  sugar-cane,  sweet  potatoes,  and 
pork  are  tho  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  Atlantic  <!fc  Gulf  Railroad.  Capital,  Thomasvillo. 
Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $2,122,905.  Pop.  in 
1870,  14,523;  in  1880,  20,597. 

Thomas,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an 
area  of  1080  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  North  and 
South  Forks  of  Sappa  Crook.     Pop.  in  1880,  161. 

Thomas,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  Ind.,  in  Jordan 
township,  on  the  Havana,  Rantoul  <S;  Eastern  Railroad, 
about  12  miles  W.  of  Williamsport. 

Thomas,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  on  tha 
Detroit  ifc  Bay  City  Railroad,  47  miles  N.  of  Detroit.  U 
has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Thomas,  a  township  of  Butler  co..  Mo.     Pop.  654. 

Thomas,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co..  Mo. 

Thomas,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Washington  co^ 
Pa.,  in  Nottingham  township.     It  has  2  churches. 

Thomas,  a  township  of  Darlington  co.,  S.C.    P.  155S 

Thomasborough,  tom'as-bur-riih,  a  i)ost-village  of 
Champaign  co.,  HI.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  10 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Champaign  City. 

Thomasburg,  tom'as-burg,  a  post-village  in  Hastings 
CO.,  Ontario,  19  miles  N.  of  Belleville.  It  has  a  tannery, 
carriage-shop,  2  hotels,  3  stores,  and  2  churches.    Pop.  200.! 

Thomas  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co..  Mo.,  10 
miles  N.AV.  of  Huntsville.     It  has  a  church  and  grist-mill. 

Thomas  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Washington  parish.  La. 

Thomas  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Floyd  eo.,  Ga.,  4J 
miles  N.  of  Cave  Spring.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Thomas'  Poiut,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  entrance  t«i 


TIIO 


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fno 


South  River,  Chesapeake  Bay,  contains  a  fixed  light  in  a 
tower  ;)U  feot  high,  and  aids  vessels  bound  to  Anniipolis. 

Thomas'  itun,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harford  oo.,  Md.,  5 
or  6  miles  N.E.  of  liclair.     It  has  a  church. 

Thomas  Station,  or  Thomasvillc,  a  post-hamlct 
of  Uullock  CO.,  Ala.,  on  the  Mobile  &  (iirard  Uailroad,  10 
miles  S.  of  Union  Sprinj^s.     It  has  2  or  3  ohurohos. 

Thomaston,  tum'^-t(in,  a  post-village  of  Litchfield 
CO.,  Conn.,  in  Thomaston  township,  on  the  Naugatuck  Kiver 
and  the  Naugatuck  Railroad,  9i  miles  N.  of  Waterbury, 
and  about  8  miles  S.E.  of  Litchfield.  It  contains  the 
Thomaston  Academy,  4  churches,  a  savings-bank,  a  brass- 
rolling-mill,  and  manufactures  of  clocks,  cutlery,  and 
scissors  and  shears. 

Thomaston,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Upson  oo.,  Qa., 
on  the  Upson  County  Branch  of  the  Central  Railroad  of 
Georgia,  76  miles  8.  of  Atlanta,  and  16  miles  S.W.  of 
liarnesville.  It  has  a  court-house,  2  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  high  school,  and  manufactures  of  carriages 
and  furniture.  The  branch  railroad  connects  at  Barnes- 
ville  with  the  main  line. 

Thomaston,  a  post-village  in  Thomaston  township, 
Kno.x  CO.,  Me.,  on  St.  Georges  River  (a  deep  narrow  inlet 
of  the  sea),  and  on  the  Kno.\  <fc  Lincoln  Railroad,  4  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Rockland,  and  12  miles  from  the  ocean.  It  con- 
tains 6  churches,  2  national  banks,  and  a  high  school.  It 
is  partly  supported  by  ship-building  and  extensive  manu- 
factures of  lime.  Here  is  the  Maine  State  Prison,  in  which 
convicts  are  employed  in  manufacturing  carriages  and 
boots  and  shoes.  The  plan  of  the  building  and  system  of 
discipline  are  similar  to  those  of  the  Auburn  prison.  The 
township  has  quarries  of  limestone  and  granite.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  3092. 

Thomaston,  a  station  in  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Mine  Hill  &  Schuylkill  Haven  Railroad,  3^  miles  W.  of 
Minorsville.      Pop.  of  village,  321. 

Thomaston,  a  post-office  of  De  Witt  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Guadalupe  River  and  the  Gulf,  Western  Texas  &  Pacific 
Railroad,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Cuero. 

Thomastown,  tom'as-town,  or  BaPI  ymacan'don, 
a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  8f  miles  S.S.E.  of  Kilkenny,  on 
the  Nore.  Pop.  1202.  It  has  beautiful  remains  of  an 
abbey,  a  large  chapel,  a  branch  bank,  and  flour-mills. 

ThomastOAvn,  tom'as-tSwn,  a  township  of  Saginaw 
CO.,  Mich.     Pop.  618. 

Thomastown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Leake  co..  Miss.,  on 
the  Yockanockany  Creek,  55  miles  N.E,  of  Jackson.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  college. 

Thomastown,  a  post-village  of  Summit  co.,  0.,  3i 
miles  S.E.  of  Akron.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Thomasville,  Bullock  co.,  Ala.    See  Thomas  Station. 

Thomasviile,  tom'as-vil,  a  post-office  of  Prairie  co.. 
Ark.,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Beobe  Station. 

Thomasville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Thomas  eo., 
Ga.,  on  the  Atlantic  &  Gulf  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of 
the  Albany  division  with  the  main  line,  200  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Savannah,  36  miles  E.  of  Bainbridge,  and  68  miles  S. 
by  E.  of  Albany.  It  contains  a  court-house,  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  banking-house,  3  churches,  a  female  college,  the 
Fletcher  Institute  for  Boys,  and  an  iron-foundry  and  ma- 
chine-shop. 

Thomasville,  a  post- village  of  Oregon  co.,  Mo., about 
70  miles  W.  of  Poplar  Blufi",  and  76  miles  S.W.  of  Ironton. 
It  has  a  high  school,  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
ploughs  and  wagons.     Pop.  about  150. 

Thomasville,  a  post-office  of  Webster  oo.,  Neb. 

Thomasville,  a  post-village  in  Thomasville  township, 
Davidson  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  North  Carolina  Railroad,  lOi 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Lexington,  and  27  miles  N.E.  of  Salisbury. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  female  seminary,  and  a  chair-factory. 
Pop,  450  ;  of  the  township,  3057. 

I  Thomasville,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co.,  Pa.,  7  miles 
S.W.  of  York,  and  3  miles  W.  of  Graybill  Station  of  the 
llanover  A  York  Railroad.     It  has  a  church. 

Thomasville,  a  post-office  of  Cheatham  co.,  Tenn., 
about  33  miles  W.N.W.  of  Nashville. 

t  Thomery,  to^m§h-ree',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seineet- 
Marne,  on  the  Seine,  3J  miles  by  rail  from  Fontainebleau. 

Thompson,  tomp's9n,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central 
part  of  Dakota,  has  an  area  of  about  1000  square  miles.  It 
18  intersected  by  the  Dakota  or  James  River. 

Thompson,  a  post-office  of  Bullock  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Montgomery  &  Eufaula  Railroad,  33  miles  E.S.E.  of  Mont- 
gomery. 

Thompson,  a  handsome  post- village  of  Windham  co.. 
Conn.,  in  Thompson  township,  on  the  New  York  &  New 
England  Railroad,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Putnam,  and  38  miles 


N.  by  E.  of  Norwich.  It  contains  several  churches,  a  na 
tional  bank,  and  a  hotel.  The  township  is  intersected  b' 
the  Quinebaug  River  B*d  the  Norwich  A  AVorcestcr  lUii 
road.  It  has  manufactures  of  cotton  goods  and  woollei 
goods,  and  contains  villages  named  Grosvcnor  I)»lp,  NortI 
Grosvonor  Dale,  East  Thompson,  New  Boston,  and  Wilson 
villo. 

Thompson,  a  post-office  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  oi 
the  Pennsylvania  A  Delaware  Railroad,  4  miles  N,  ol 
Newark. 

Thompson,  Georgia  and  Illinois.    See  Thomson. 

Thompson,  township,  Jo  Daviess  co..  111.     Pop.  800. 

Thompson,  a  post-office  of  Audubon  co.,  Iowa. 

Thompson,  a  township  of  Guthrie  co.,  Iowa.    P.  765, 

Thompson,  a  station  of  the  Dorchester  &  Delaware! 
Railroad,  2  miles  E.  of  Cambridge,  Md.  ' 

Thompson,  a  township  of  Ogemaw  co.,  Mich.   Pop.  5''. 

Thompson,  Carlton  co.,  Minn.     See  Thomson. 

Thompson,  a  station  and  hamlet  of  Audrain  co..  Mo., 
on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  A  Northern  Railroad,  5^ 
miles  W.  of  Mexico. 

Thompson,  a  township  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.  Pop 
3514.     It  contains  Monticello  and  Thorapsonville. 

Thompson,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  0.    P.  866. 

Thompson,  a  post-village  in  Thompson  township, 
Geauga  co.,  0.,  about  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cleveland.  It 
h.as  2  churches,  a  town  hall,  and  a  fine  hotel.  The  town- 
ship has  2  cheese-factories.     Pop.  of  the  township,  109.i. 

Thompson,  a  township  of  Seneca  co.,  0.     Pop.  2U70. 

Thompson,  a  post-office  of  Wasco  co.,  Oregon. 

Thompson,  a  township  of  Fulton  co..  Pa.     Pop.  64S). 

Thompson,  a  pust-hauilct  in  Thompson  township, 
Susquehanna  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Jolferson  Branch  of  the  Eria 
Railroad,  24  miles  N.  of  Carbondale.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  701. 

Thompson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wu.l.l.igton  co..  Wis., 
about  32  miles  N.W.  of  Milwaukee. 

Thompson  Creek,  Col.    See  Bia  Thompson  Creek. 

Thompson  Creek,  in  Ellsworth  co.,  Kansas,  is  a 
tributary  of  the  Smoky  Hill  River. 

Thompson  Lake,  Dakota,  in  Thompson  co.,  is  about 
10  miles  long.  Its  outlet  runs  southwestward,  and  cntert 
the  Dakota  River. 

Thompson  Uidge,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Orange  I 
CO.,  N.Y.,on  the  Middletown  &  Crawford  Railroad,  10  miles 
N.  of  Middletown.     It  has  a  church. 

Thompson's,  township,  Alamance  co.,  N.C.   Pop. 775. 

Thompson's,  township,  Robeson  co.,  N.C.     P.  1708. 

Thompson's,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg,  Titusville  & 
Bufiiilo  Railroad,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Tidioute,  Pa. 

Thompson's,  a  station  in  Harris  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Houston  &  Texas  Central  Railroad,  ISJ  miles  N.W.  of 
Houston. 

Thompson's  Creek,  Louisiana,  forms  the  boundary 
between  the  parishes  of  East  Feliciana  and  West  Feliciana, 
and  enters  the  Mississippi  2  miles  above  Port  Hudson. 

Thompson's  Creek,  Mississippi,  runs  southward, 
and  enters  Leaf  River  in  Perry  co. 

Thompson's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Louisa 
CO.,  Va. 

Thompson's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Fauquier  co.,  Va., 
14  miles  from  Bcaleton.     Here  is  a  grist-mill. 

Thompson's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  eo.,  Ga. 

Thompson's  Point,  a  post-office  and  landing  of 
Benton  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Tennessee  River,  9  miles  S.  of 
Camden. 

Thompson's  River  falls  into  the  Missouri  River  in 
about  Ion.  108°  20'  W. 

Thompson's  River,  a  small  stream  of  Missoula  co., 
Montana,  runs  southwestward,  and  enters  Clarke's  River. 

Thompson's  Station,  a  post-village  of  Williamgon 
CO.,  Tenn.,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  N.ashville  with 
Columbia,  30  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Nashville.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Thompson's  Valley,  post-office,  Tazewell  oo.,  Va. 

Thompsontown,  tomp'spn-tSwn,  a  post-borough  in 
Delaware  township,  Juniata  eo.,  Pa.,  on  the  Juniata  Kiver 
and  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  38  miles  N.N.W.  of  liar 
risburg.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  280. 

Thompsonville,  tomp'spn-vJl,  a  post-villago  in  En- 
field township,  Hartford  eo.,  Conn.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the 
Connecticut  River,  and  on  the  New  Haven,  Hartford  A 
Springfield  Railroad,  8J  miles  S.  of  Springfield,  and  17 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Hartford.  It  contains  a  bank,  a  high 
school,  and  extensive  carpet-factories,  which  employ  about 
600  operatives  and  turn  out  annually  about  2,000,000  yard! 
of  carpetings. 


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tThonipsonville,a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  III.,  in 
ave  township,  on  tho  Belleville  &  El  Dorado  Railroad,  at 
fhoinpson  Station,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Benton.  It  has  a  flour- 
>iill,  n  tobacco-factory,  and  2  warehouses.  Pop.  about  .300. 
(  Thompsonville,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Kansas, 
iti  miles  from  Medina. 

•   Thompsonville,  a  post-oflBce  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ky. 
■   Thompsonville,  a  hamlet  in  Leon  township,  Catta- 
■augus  CO.,  N.Y.,  about  18  miles  N.E.  of  Jamestown. 
.   Thompsonville, apost-hamletinThompson  township, 

iuUivan  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Neversink  River,  about  20  miles 
r.W.  of  Middletown.  It  has  2  churches,  a  woollen-factory, 
nd  a  manufactory  of  cheese-boxes. 

1  Thompsonville,  a  post-hnralet  of  AVashington  co., 
Pa.,  about  16  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a  church. 
I  Thompsonville,  a  post-village  of  Racine  co..  Wis., 
ibout  20  miles  S.  of  Milwaukee,  and  2  miles  from  Franks 
ptation  of  the  Chicago  &  Milwaukee  Railroad.     It  has  2 

!hurches. 
Thompsonville,  tSm'spn-vIl,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe 
BO.,  Ontario,  17  miles  W.  of  Bradford.     It  has  a  saw-  and 
jrist-mill,  and  a  store.     Pop.  100. 

,  Thomson,  tOm'son,  a  post-village,  capital  of  McDuffie 
io.,  Ga.,  on  the  Georgia  Railroad,  37  miles  W.  of  Augusta. 
ft  has  a  newspaper  office,  2  churches,  an  academy,  2  steam 
^our-mills,  and  a  tannery.  Pop.  700. 
;  Thomson,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co..  111.,  in  York 
iownship,  li  miles  from  the  Mississippi  River,  and  on  the 
iVestern  Union  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Fulton,  and 
'.0  miles  from  Clinton,  Iowa.  It  has  a  gr.aded  school,  2 
ihurches,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  windmills. 
.  Thomson,  a  post-office  of  Clark  co.,  Ky.,  and  a  sta- 
■•ion  on  the  Big  Sandy  Railroad. 

I  Thomson,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Carlton  co.,  Minn., 
■n  Thomson  township,  on  the  St.  Louis  River  and  the 
tj'orthern  Pacific  Railroad,  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Duluth.  It 
'3  also  on  the  St.  Paul  &  Duluth  Railroad.  It  has  a  lum- 
)er-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  195. 

Thomson,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pitts- 
)urg,  Virginia  &  Charleston  Railroad,  Hi  miles  S.E.  of 
^^ittsburg. 

j  Thomson,  tom's(?n,  a  post-village  in  Cumberland  co., 
I^fova  Scotia,  on  the  Intercolonial  Railway,  42  miles  from 
fruro,  and  12  miles  from  Pugwash,  It  contains  3  stores,  a 
jiotel,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  250. 

Thorn's  Run,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  Pa. 

Thones,  ton,  or  1  honex,  to^ni',  a  town  of  Savoy,  on 
he  Ficr,  9  miles  B.S.E.  of  Annecy.     Pop.  1059. 
i    Thonk'wa,  a  district  of  British  Burmah.    Area,  5440 
iquare  miles. 

Thonon,  to'n6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Hautc-Savoie, 
,)n  the  S.  bank  of  the  Lake  of  Geneva,  20  miles  N.E.  of 
i-Jeneva.  Pop.  3953.  It  has  a  communal  college. 
!  Thor,  Le,  leh  tou,  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
/aucluse,  8  miles  E.  of  Avignon.  Pop.  1667. 
!  Thorda,  tou'di,  or  Thorenburg;,  to'ren-bSfSnc*  (Hun. 
^orda  or  Thorda,  tou'doh),  a  town  of  Transylvani.i,  capi- 
tal of  a  county,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Klausenburg.  Pop.  8803. 
pfear  it  are  extensive  salt-mines  and  the  ruins  of  the  Ro- 
iH.an  fortress  Salinie. 

I  Thorens,  toV6N<>',  a  town  of  Savoy,  9  miles  N.E.  of 
A.nnecy.     Pop.  of  commune,  2574. 

Thorigny,  a  town  of  France.  See  Torigny. 
:  Thorn,  toitn,  a  town  of  West  Prussia,  62  miles  S.S.W. 
)f  Marienwerder,  on  the  right  bank  of  tho  Vistula,  in  lat. 
)3°  N.,  Ion.  3°  33' E.  Pop.  18,631.  It  is  a  place  of  great 
utrength,  surrounded  by  walls  and  bastions,  and  defended 
ay  forts.  It  is  entered  by  4  gates,  and  consists  of  an  old 
,ind  a  new  town.  It  has  a  court  of  law,  and  several  public 
;>ffiees,  5  churches,  one  of  them  containing  a  statue  of  Co- 
Ipcrnicus,  who  was  born  here  in  1473,  a  gymnasium,  a 
flunnery,  several  schools,  4  hospitals,  a  workhouse,  manu- 
fiiotures  of  woollen  and  linen  cloth,  hats,  and  soap,  some 
shipping,  and  a  trade  in  corn,  wood,  linen,  hides,  bark,  <fec. 
;  Thorn,  tonn,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Limburg, 
S  miles  S.W.  of  Roermond.     Pop.  1361. 

Thorn'afpple,  a  township  of  Barry  CO.,  Mich.  P.  2005. 
;  Thornapple  River,  Michigan,  rises  in  Eaton  co.,  and 
runs  westward  to  Barry  co.,  which  it  intersects.  It  finally 
runs  northward,  and  enters  the  Grand  River  in  Kent  co., 
about  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  is  nearly  100 
imiles  long. 

Thornapple  River,  a  small  stream  of  Chippewa  co., 
Wis.,  runs  in  a  S.S.W.  direction,  and  enters  the  Chippewa. 

Thorn'burg,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Tenn. 

Thornburg,  a  post-office  of  Spottsylvania  co.,  Va., 
ftbout  50  miles  N.  of  Richmond. 


Thorn'bury,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Gloucester,  in 
Berkeley  Vale,  3i  miles  E.  of  the  estuary  of  the  Severn,  and 
11  miles  N.E.  of  Bristol.  Pop.  1630.  It  has  an  elegant 
church,  dissenting  chapels,  endowed  schools,  almshouses, 
and  the  remains  of  a  magnificent  palatial  castle. 

Thorn'bury,  a  post-township  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  about 
24  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Philadelphia.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  AVest  Chester  &  Philadelphia  Railroad.     Pop.  235. 

Thorn'bury,  a  township  of  Delaware  co..  Pa.  Pop..990. 

Thorn'bury,  a  post-village  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Grey,  at 
the  mouth  of  Beaver  River,  in  Nottawasaga  Bay,  Lake 
Huron,  and  on  a  railway,  13  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Colling- 
wood.  It  has  good  water-power,  a  woollen-mill,  a  flouring- 
mill,  and  5  or  6  stores.     Pop.  400. 

Thorn'combe,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Devon,  6 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Axminster.     Pop.  of  parish,  1198. 

Thorn  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Nez  Perces  co.,  Idaho. 

Thorn  Creek,  township,  Whitley  co.,  Ind.     P.  1343. 

Thorn'dale,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Williamson 
CO.,  Tex.,  on  the  International  <fe  Great  Northern  Railroad. 

Thorndale,  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  10  miles  N.  of  London.  It 
contains  a  saw-mill  and  3  stores.     Pop.  150. 

Thorndale  Iron- Works,  a  post-village  in  Cain 
township, Chesterco.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  at 
Thorndale  Station,  35  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a 
rolling-mill  for  boiler-iron  and  plate-iron.     Pop.  about  200. 

Thorn'dike,  a  post-hamlet  in  Thorndike  township, 
Waldo  CO.,  Me.,  about  1  mile  from  Thorndike  Station, 
which  is  on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad  (Belfast  division), 
22  miles  N.W.  of  Belfast.     Pop.  of  the  township,  730. 

Thorndike,  a  post-village  in  Palmer  township,  Hamp- 
den CO..  Mass.,  on  Ware  River,  near  its  mouth,  and  on  the 
AVare  River  Railroad,  IS  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Springfield,  and 
3  miles  N.  of  Palmer,  It  has  3  churches  and  a  cotton- 
factory. 

Thorndike,  or  Thorndyke,  a  post-office  and  station 
of  Cabell  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Chesapeake  <t  Ohio  Railroad, 
17  miles  E.  of  Huntington. 

Thorndike  Station,  a  post-office  of  AValdo  eo.,  Me., 
on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  22  miles  N.W.  of  Belfast. 

Thorne,  thorn,  a  town  of  England,  co.,  of  York,  West 
Riding,  on  the  border  of  Lincolnshire,  7  miles  S.W.  of 
Goole.  Pop.  2018.  It  has  a  church,  several  chapels  and 
schools,  and  an  active  trade. 

Thorne,  a  township  of  Perry  eo.,  0.     Pop.  729. 

Thorne  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Pontiacco.,  Quebec, 
20  miles  N.  of  Bristol.     Pop.  100. 

Thorne  Town,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  Washademoak  River,  26  miles  from 
Gagetown.     Pop.  150. 

Thorney,  an  island  of  England,  co.  of  Sussex,  B-i  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Chichester,  between  Hayling  Island  and  tho 
mainland.     It  forms  tiie  parish  of  West  Thorney.     P.  181. 

Thor'ney,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Cambridge,  10 
miles  AV.N.W.  of  March.     Pop.  of  parish,  2099. 

Thorn'field,  a  post-office  of  Ozark  co.,  Mo. 

Thorn  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co.,  Tenn.,  15 
miles  E.  of  Knoxville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Thorn'hill,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  AA'est 
Riding,  5  miles  AV.S.AV.  of  AVakefield,  on  the  Calder.  Pop. 
5285.     Here  are  4  woollen-mills. 

Thornhill,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  14  miles 
N.N.AV.  of  Dumfries,  near  the  Nith,  on  the  railroad  from 
Glasgow  to  Dumfries.  Pop.  1349.  It  has  a  neat  jmrish 
church,  a  handsome  market-cross,  and  a  fine  museum,  with 
manufactures  of  leather,  <tc. 

Thorn  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Ala. 

Thorn  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y'., 
about  15  miles  S.AV.  of  Syracuse.     It  ha.s  a  church. 

Thorn  Hill,  a  station  in  Mahoning  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Youngstown  Branch  of  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  and  on 
the  Atlantic  &  Great  AVestern  Railroad,  2i  miles  N.  of 
Youngstown. 

Thornhill,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa. 

Thorn  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Grainger  co.,  Tenn. 

Thorn  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  Va.,  about  60 
miles  N.AV.  of  Richmond. 

Thorn'hill,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  on  th« 
Northern  Railway,  14  miles  N.  of  Toronto.  It  contains  4 
churches,  saw-  and  flouring-mills,  6  or  7  stores,  and  3  hotels. 
Pop.  600. 

Thornleigh,  thorn'le,  a  post-office  of  Pettis  co..  Mo. 

Thornliebank,  thomMe-bank',  a  village  of  Scotland, 
CO.  of  Renfrew,  IJ-  miles  S.  of  Pollockshaws.     Pop.  2123. 

Thorn'port,  a  station  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Rail- 
road (Straits vUle  division),  llj  miles  S.  of  Newark,  0. 


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ThorntODy  thorn'tpn,  a  post-villago  iu  Thornton  town- 
ship, Cook  CO.,  111.,  on  a  branch  of  tho  Culumct  Uivcr,  and 
ontho  Chicago  &  Eastern  Illinois  Kailroad,  28  miles  S.  of 
Chicago.  It  contains  a  graded  school  and  2  churches. 
Pop.  401;  of  the  township,  3337.  The  township  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  and  oontiuns  the 
villages  of  Dalton,  Homewood,  and  Lansing. 

Thornton,  a  post-hamlct  of  8t.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  on  tho 
Chicago  A  Lake  Huron  Kailroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Port 
Huron. 

Thornton,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co..  Neb. 

Thornton,  a  post-hamlot  in  Thornton  township,  Oraf- 
ton  CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Pemigewnsaet  lliver,  10  miles  N.  of 
Plymouth.  It  is  surrounded  by  fine  mountain-scenery  which 
attracts  many  tourists  and  artists.     Pop.  of  township,  840. 

Thornton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Thornbury  township, 
Delaware  co..  Pa.,  2  miles  from  Cheyney  Station,  and  about 
11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chester.     It  has  a  church. 

Thornton,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Limestone  co., 
Tex.,  on  the  Houston  &  Texas  Central  Railroad,  41  miles 
N.  of  Ilcarne. 

Thornton,  a  hamlet  of  Fairfax  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Wash- 
ington &  Ohio  Railroad,  21  miles  N.W.  of  Alexandria. 

Thornton,  a  post-village  of  Taylor  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Grafton. 

Thornton,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  8 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Allendale.  It  contains  a  hotel  and  3  stores. 

Thornton's  Ferry,  a  post-villago  of  Hillsborough 
CO.,  N.H.,  in  Merrimac  township,  on  the  Merrimac  River 
and  the  Concord  Railroad,  at  Thornton's  Station,  11  miles 
S.  of  Manchester,  and  6  miles  above  Nashua.  It  has  a 
manufactory  of  furniture. 

Thorn'ton*8  River,  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Virginia, 
rises  from  the  Blue  Ridge,  near  the  W.  border  of  Rappa- 
hannock CO.,  and,  flowing  S.E.  through  Culpeper  co.,  unites 
with  Iledgman's  River,  forming  the  North  Fork  of  the 
Raj>pahannock. 

Thorn'tOAvn,  township,  Blackford  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  152. 

Thorntown,  a  post-villago  in  Sugar  Creek  township, 
Boone  co.,  Ind.,  on  Sugar  Creek  or  Rock  River  and  the  In- 
dianapolis, Cincinnati  &  Lafayette  Railroad,  26  miles  S.E. 
of  Lafayette,  and  37  miles  N.W.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has 
4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  national  bank,  an  academy, 
and  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  1526. 

Thorn'ville,  a  post-village  of  Lapeer  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  South  Branch  of  Flint  River,  12  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Lapeer.     It  has  a  church  and  a  union  school. 

Thornville,  a  post-village  of  Perry  co.,  0.,  in  Thome 
township,  about  13  miles  S.  of  Newark,  and  1  mile  from 
Thornport  Railroad  Station.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour- 
ntill,  and  a  foundry.     Pop.  about  200. 

Thoroe,  to'ro^§h,  an  island  of  Denmark,  off  the  island 
of  Funen,  about  3  miles  long.  Pop.  455.  Many  vessels 
are  built  here.  On  the  coast,  in  Thoroe  Strait,  is  a  winter 
haven  for  vessels. 

Thor'old,  a  town  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Welland,  on  the 
Wei  land  Canal,  and  the  Welland  Railway,  4  miles  S.  of 
St.  Catharines.  It  has  extensive  flouring-mills,  saw-  and 
planing-mills,  manufactories  of  cotton,  paper,  leather,  iron 
Castings,  and  agricultural  implements,  4  churches,  a  print- 
Ing-ofKce,  2  branch  banks,  and  many  stores.     Pop.  1635. 

Thorold  Station,  Ontario.     See  Meuuitto-v. 

Thoroughfare,  thfir'o-fiiir,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prince 
William  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Manassas  Branch  of  the  Virginia 
Midland  Railroad,  at  Thoroughfare  Gap,  in  a  ridge  called 
Bull  Run  Mountain,  40  miles  W.  of  Alexandria. 

Thorpe-next-Norwich,  thorp-next-n5r'ritch,  or 
Thorpe  Saint  An'drew,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of 
Norfolk,  2i  miles  E.  of  Norwich,  and  within  the  city  limits. 
Pop.  2714.  Here  are  many  handsome  villas  and  the  county 
hinatic  asylum. 

Thorp's  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hood  co.,  Tex.,  30 
miles  S.W.  of  Fort  Worth.  It  has  a  church  and  a  money- 
order  post-office. 

Thorsenge,  an  island  of  Denmark.    See  Taasinge. 

Thorsh^lla,  or  Torshaella,  ton-shfll'li,  a  town  of 
Sweden,  laen  of  Nykoping,  on  the  river  Eskilstuna,  near 
its  mouth  in  Lake  Mtelar,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Eskilstun.a.  Its 
church  steeple  is  306  feet  in  height. 

Thorshavn,  tors-hSwn',  the  capital  town  of  the  FarSe 
Islands,  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Stromoe,  consists 
of  about  100  wooden  huts,  with  a  hospital,  a  Latin  school, 
and  a  fortified  harbor. 

Thoten,  tho't?n,  a  post-office  of  Winneshiek  co.,  Iowa. 

Thotcn,  a  post-office  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minn. 

Thonarc6,  too'aR-si',  a  market-town  of  France,  in 
Maine  et-Loire,  14  miles  S.  of  Angers.    Pop.  1706. 


Thoaar6,  too'i'ri',  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Loire  I 
f6rieure,  5  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Nantes.     Pop.  1023. 

Thouars,  too'aii',  a  town  of  France,  in  Deiix-Se\ ; 
on  the  Thou6,  22  miles  N.N.E.  of  Parthenay.  Pop.  :;  i 
It  has  a  castle  on  a  rock,  and  trade  in  grain  and  cuttle. 

Thouarsais,  or  Touarsois,  too^aiOswi',  avilla>;, 
Franco,  Vendue,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Fontenny-lo-Comtc. 

Thou6,  or  Thouet,  too'i',  a  river  of  France,  depa'r 
ments  of  Deux-Sdvres  and  Maino-et-Loire,  after  a  N.  coun 
of  70  miles,  joins  tho  Loire  near  Saumar.  Chief  afflaon 
the  Dive,  from  the  S. 

Thoulouse,  a  city  of  France.    See  TotrLousE. 

Thouroiit,  too'roo',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flat 
ders,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Bruges,  on  the  railway  to  Courtrn 
Pop.  8008.  It  has  manufactures  of  hats,  starch,  uiutari 
and  wooden  shoos. 

Thou'sand  Island  Park,  a  post-office  and  suramc 
resort  of  Jefi^erson  co.,  N.Y.,  on  an  island  in  the  St.  La« 
rence,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Clayton.     Here  are  several  hotels 

Thousand  Islands,  or  Thousand  Isles,  tli 
most  numerous  collection  of  river-islands  in  the  world,  be 
tween  the  state  of  New  York  and  the  province  of  Ontaric 
Canada,  consist  of  about  1500  rocky  islets,  in  an  ospansidi 
of  the  St.  Lawrence,  at  its  emergence  from  Lake  Ontari 
hence  called  the  Lake  of  the  Thous.and  Isles. 

Thousand  (or  Ten  Thousand)  Islands,  in  Dad 
and  Monroe  cos.,  Fla.,  a  group  of  small  well-wooded  islaDd 
in  Ponce  de  Leon  (or  Chatham)  Bay. 

Thrace,  or  Thracia,  a  name  which  appears  in  ver; 
ancient  times  to  have  been  applied  generally  to  the  almos 
unexplored  countries  in  tho  S.E.  of  Europe,  was  afterward; 
employed  more  definitely  to  designate  that  portion  of  Turkcj 
in  Europe  bounded  N.  by  the  Danube,  E.  by  the  Eu.\ine  oi 
Black  Sea,  S.  by  the  Propontis  or  Sea  of  Marmora  and  thi 
iEgean  Sea  or  Archipelago,  and  W.  by  tho  mountains  scp 
arating  it  from  Macedonia  and  Thessaly.  At  a  later  perioc 
it  was  used  in  a  still  more  restricted  sense,  as  nearly  idcU' 
tical  with  Eastern  Roumelia  and  Roumelia  proper. 

Thracica  Chersonesus,  Roumelia.    See  Gallipoui 

Thraps'ton,  a  town  and  parish  of  England,  co.  and 
18J  miles  N.N.E.  of  Northampton,  on  the  railway  to  Peteri 
borough,  and  on  the  Nen.     Pop.  1233.  \ 

Thrasher's  Corners,  Ontario.    See  Hilda.  | 

Thrasymenus  Lacus.    See  Lake  of  Pkuugia. 

Three  Bridges,  brlj'iz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hunterdon! 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  South  Branch  of  Raritan  River  and  the 
Easton  &  Amboy  Railroad  and  the  South  Branch  Railroad, 
4  or  5  miles  E.  of  Flemington.     It  has  a  church. 

Three  Broth'ers,a  group  of  mountains  of  EastAoi^ 
tralia,  22  miles  S.W.  of  Port  Macquarie. 

Three  Creeks,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  Ark. 

Three  Forks,  a  post-office  of  Yancey  co.,  N.C. 

Three  Forks,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilson  co.,  Tcnn.,  1* 
miles  from  Lebanon. 

Three  Groves,  a  post-office  of  Cass  co..  Neb.,  10  mile< 
S.  of  Plattsmouth. 

Three  Hummocks.    See  HnNTER  Islands. 

Three  Kings,  or  Manawa-Tawi,  mi-ni'wi-taw' 
ee,  a  group  of  isl.ands  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean,  N.AV.  of 
the  North  Island  of  New  Zealand.  Lat.  34°  13'  S.;  Ion. 
172°  10'  E.     They  arc  elevated,  but  have  a  barren  aspect. 

Three  Lo'custs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tully  township, 
Marion  co.,  0.,  on  the  railroad  between  Gallon  and  Marion. 
Pop.  about  100. 

"Three  Mile,  township,  Barnwell  co.,  S.C.    Pop.  10S7. 

Three  Mile  Bay,  a  post-village  in  Lyme  township, 
Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  on  a  bay  or  inlet  of  Lake  Ontario,  and 
on  the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  17  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Watertown.     It  has  2  churches. 

Three  Mile  House,  a  village  in  Pictou  co.,  Nov* 
Scotia,  3  miles  from  Pictou.  It  contains  a  tannery  and  2 
stores.     Pop.  250. 

Three  Mile  Plains,  a  post-village  in  Hants  po., 
Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Western  &  Atlantic  Railway,  42  miles 
from  Halifax.     Pop.  300. 

Three  Mile  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-office  of  Wasn- 
ington  CO.,  111. 

Three  Miles,  a  station  in  Greenup  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Eastern  Kentucky  Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of  Riverton. 

"Three  Notch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bullock  co.,  Ala.,  near 
the  Montgomery  &  Eufaula  Railroad,  about  60  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Montgomery. 

Three  Oaks,  a  post-village  in  Three  Oaks  township, 
Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  73 
miles  E.  of  Chicago,  and  20  miles  W.  of  Niles.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office,  2  churches,  a  saw-mill,  and  2  handle-fac- 
tories.    Pop.  499 ;  of  the  township,  1316. 


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Three  Rivers,  a  post-village  in  Palmer  township, 
Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Chicopee  River,  at  the  mouths 
of  the  Swift  and  Ware  Rivers,  and  on  the  Springfield, 
Athol  &  Northeastern  Railroad  and  the  New  London 
Northern  Railroad,  16  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Springfield.  It 
Contains  2  churches,  7  stores,  and  the  Palmer  Mills,  which 
taake  dress-goods.  Pop.  in  1880,  1306. 
1  Three  Rivers,  a  post-village  in  Lockport  township, 
ist.  Joseph  CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  St.  Joseph  River,  near  the 
Souths  of  the  Portage  River  and  Stony  Creek,  25  miles  S. 
lof  Kalamazoo,  8  miles  N.  of  Constantine,  and  34  miles  E. 
toy  N.  of  Niles.  It  is  on  the  Kalamazoo  division  of  the 
Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad  where  it  crosses 
the  Air-Line  division  of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad. 
It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  2  national  banks,  6  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  threshing-machines,  paper,  pumps, 
ploughs,  sash,  blinds,  &o.  Here  are  valuable  magnetic 
springs.     Pop.  in  1870,  1189:  in  1880,  2525. 

Three  Rivers,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Miss. 

Three  Rivers,  or  Trois  Rivieres,  trwd  roVe-aiR', 
'o.  city  of  Quebec,  capital  of  the  co.  of  St.  Maurice,  at  the 
confluence  of  the  rivers  St.  Maurice  and  St.  Lawrence,  and 
on  the  North  Shore  Railway,  at  the  junction  of  the  Three 
Rivers  Branch  of  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  90  miles  from 
Quebec,  and  90  miles  from  Montreal.  It  is  one  of  the  old- 
est towns  in  the  province,  having  been  founded  in  1018, 
and  of  late  has  become  a  prosperous  place,  principally 
swing  to  the  extensive  trade  in  lumber  which  is  carried  on 
on  the  St.  Maurice  and  its  tributaries,  and  also  by  an  in- 
crease in  the  manufacture  of  iron-wares,  for  which  the  St. 
iMaurico  forges,  about  3  miles  distant  from  the  town,  are 
:;clebrated.  Three  Rivers  is  the  residence  of  a  Roman 
Catholic  bishop,  and  contains  a  cathedral,  a  parish  church, 
la,  church  of  England,  a  Scotch  kirk,  a  Weslcyan  chapel,  an 
jtfrsuline  convent,  a  college,  an  English  academy  and  sev- 
feral  other  schools,  2  branch  banks,  2  printing-offices  issuing 
^eekly  newspapers,  and  a  nsimber  of  stores.  The  chief 
jtrade  of  the  town  is  in  lumber,  which  is  exported  in  large 
quantities.  The  streets  of  Three  Rivers  are  lighted  with 
jas.     Pop.  of  city,  8114. 

I  Three  Runs,  a  post-office  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa. 
:  Three  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hart  co.,  Ky.,  about 
)0  miles  S.  of  Louisville.  It  has  a  church. 
:  Three  Springs,  a  post-borough  in  Clay  township, 
Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  East  Broad  Top  Railroad,  17 
niles  S.S.W.  of  Mount  Union.  It  has  3  churches,  and 
mineral  springs.     Pop.  189. 

Three  Square,  a  hamlet  of  Goochland  co.,  Va.,  IJ 
jiiles  from  the  James  River  &  Kanawha  Canal. 

Three  Tuns,  a  hamlet  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  about 
12  miles  S.  of  Trenton.     It  has  a  church. 

Three  Tuns,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa., 
■2J  miles  from  Ambler  Station,  and  18  miles  N.  of  Philadel- 
ohia.     It  has  a  store  and  a  hotel. 

Throck'morton,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Texas, 
las  an  area  of  about  800  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
l.he  Brazos  River,  which  runs  through  the  N.E.  part,  and 
;he  Clear  Fork  of  the  Brazos,  which  fork  intersects  the  S. 
hart  of  the  county.  The  census  of  1870  gives  no  statistics 
)f  this  county,  except  the  valuation  of  real  and  personal 
SsUte,  which  was  $246,842.  Pop.  in  1880,  711. 
I  Throckmorton,  apost-officeof  Throckmorton  co.,  Tex. 
I  Throg's  Neck,  or  Throg's  Point,  a  cape  extend- 
ng  into  Long  Island  Sound,  in  the  county  and  township  of 
Westchester,  N.Y.,  17  miles  N.E.  of  New  York.  Hero  is 
Fort  Schuyler;  also  a  light-house. 

Throndheim,  trCnd'hime,  a  post-office  of  Otter  Tail 
50.,  Minn. 

,  Throop,  a  township  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  1302. 
<  Throop,  a  station  in  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Southern 
pentral  Railroad,  3i  miles  N.  of  Auburn. 

Throops'ville,  or  Throop'vilie,  a  post-village  in 
Throop  township,  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Owasco  Outlet, 
ibout  1  mile  from   the  Southern  Central   Railroad,  and  4 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Auburn.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  126. 
■    Thrus'ton,  a  post-office  of  Buckingham  co.,  Va. 

Thsieoo-Shan,  or  Thsieou-Chan,thsee\)o^8ha,n', 
1  mountain  of  China,  province  of  Shen-See,'  lat.  32°  12'  N., 
Ion.  109°  32'  E.     It  is  covered  with  perpetual  snow. 
!    Thsoongling,   Thsoungling,  or  Thsungling, 
tsoongMing',  mountains  of  Chinese  Tartary. 

Thua-Thien,  a  city  of  Anam.    See  Hue. 

Thueyts,  tWi,',  a  town  of  France,  in  ArdSche,  arron- 
iissement  of  LargentiSre. 

Thuillies,  tweeryee'  or  tii-eeryee',  a  village  of  Bel- 
gium, in  Hainaut,  on  the  Bieraele,  24  miles  E.S.E.  of  Mons. 
,   Thnin,  tii^a,:f»',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  on  the 


I 


Sambre,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Charleroi.  Pop.  4059.  It  ha» 
manufactures  of  woollens  and  linens. 

Thuir,  twecR,  a  town  of  France,  in  Pyr6n6es-Orieii- 
talcs,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Perpignan.     Pop.  2303. 

Thum,  toom,  a  town  of  Saxony,  20  miles  S.E.  of 
Zwickau.     Pop.  2949.     It  has  manufactures  of  lace. 

Thun,  toon,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  16  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Bern,  on  the  Aar,  1  mile  W.N.W.  of  the  Lake  of 
Thun.  Pop.  4623.  It  is  highly  picturesque,  and  has  a  vener- 
able church,  a  feudal  castle  700  years  old,  a  town  hall,  and 
manufactures  of  silk  stuffs.  Being  the  principal  starting- 
place  for  travellers  in  the  Oberland,  it  is  thronged  in  sum- 
mer with  visitors.    See  Lake  op  Thun. 

Thun'der  Bay,  Michigan,  extends  from  Lake  Huron 
into  Alpena  co.  It  is  about  12  miles  long  and  10  miles  wide. 

Thunder  Bay  River  drains  part  of  Montmorency 
CO.,  runs  eastward  through  Alpena  co.,  and  enters  Thunder 
Bay  at  the  village  of  Alpena. 

Thun'derbolt.  a  village  and  summer  resort  of  Chat- 
ham CO.,  Gn.,  on  Thunderbolt  River,  3  miles  by  horse-rail- 
way from  Savannah. 

Thun'der  Butte,  bate,  Colorado,  a  mountain  of  the 
Front  Range,  in  lat.  39°  10'  30"  N.,  Ion.  106°  11'  58"  W. 
Altitude,  about  9500  feet. 

Thun'nesar,  or  Than'eswar,  a  town  of  India,  dis- 
trict and  40  miles  S.  of  Umballah.     Pop.  7929. 

Thur,  toon,  a  river  of  Switzerland,  cantons  of  St.  Gall, 
Thurgau,  and  Zurich,  after  a  N.  and  W.  course  of  70  miles, 
joins  the  Rhine  7i  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Schaffhausen.  Aflluents, 
the  Sitter  and  the  Murg. 

Thur,  India,     See  Thurr. 

Thuret,  tUVi',  a  village  of  France,  department  of  Puy- 
de-Dftme,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Riom.     Pop.  2154, 

Thurgau,  tooR'gow  (Fr.  ThHrrjovie,  tiiR^go'vee'),  called 
also  Thurgo'via,  a  canton  of  Switzerland,  in  its  N.E. 
part,  having  N.  the  Lake  of  Constance,  the  Unter-See,  and 
the  Rhine,  separating  it  from  Baden,  and  on  the  other  sides 
the  cantons  of  St.  Gall,  Zurich,  and  Schaffhausen.  Area, 
270  square  miles.  Pop.  95,074,  of  whom  four-fifths  are 
Protestants.  The  surface  is  undulating  and  fertile.  Prin- 
cipal rivers,  the  Thur,  the  Sitter,  and  the  Murg.  Agricul- 
ture and  spinning  and  weaving  are  the  chief  occupations  of 
the  inhabitants.  Principal  towns,  Fraucnfeld,  the  capital, 
Bischofszell,  Arbon,  and  Steckborn. 

Thuria,  thu'rc-a,  an  ancient  city  of  Greece,  in  the  Mo- 
rea,  the  remains  of  which,  now  called  Palaeocastro,  govern- 
ment of  Messenia,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Kalamata,  comprise 
considerable  traces  of  cyclopean  architecture. 

Thuringia,  thu-rin'je-a  (Ger.  Th'dringcn,  tii'ring-?n), 
the  name  of  an  extensive  tract  in  the  central  part  of  Ger- 
many, watered  by  the  rivers  Saale  and  Werra,  and  including 
the  Thuringian  Forest.  Its  limits  have  varied  at  different 
times,  and  the  name  is  now  but  little  used,  the  original 
Thuringia  having  become  incorporated  with  the  territories 

of  different  states.     Its  capital  was  Erfurt. Adj.  Th0- 

nisGiA.v,  thoo-rin'je-an. 

Thurin'gian  Forest  (Ger.  ThUr!)igerwald,  tU'ring- 
§r-^ilO),  a  mountain-range  of  Central  Germany,  in  the 
Saxon  duchies,  extends  from  the  Frankenwald  N.W.  along 
the  right  bank  of  the  Werra,  as  far  as  the  mouth  of  the 
Ilorsel,  near  Eisenach,  a  distance  of  about  60  miles.  Its 
culminating  points,  situated  to  the  W.  of  Ilmenau,  are  the 
Becrberg  and  the  Schneekopf,  which  have  each  a  height 
of  about  32S6  feet.  The  mountains  are  composed  chiefly 
of  porphyry,  granite,  and  clay-slate,  and  are  clothed  chiefly 
with  pine.  The  minerals  include  iron,  copper,  lead,  cobalt, 
<fec.  The  drainage  is  shared  by  tributaries  of  the  Elbe,  the 
Main,  and  the  Weser. 

Thiiringische  Saale,  Bavaria.    See  Saale. 

Thurles,  thuriz,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  21  miles 
N.E.  of  Tipperary,  on  the  Suir,  and  on  the  Great  Southern 
&  Western  Railway.  Pop.  5008.  It  has  a  chapel,  the  ruins 
of  ecclesiastical  and  castellated  edifices,  an  episcopal  palace, 
college,  and  school,  2  nunneries,  a  court-house,  bridewell, 
barracks,  2  banks,  and  an  extensive  retail  trade. 

Thurlow,  Delaware  co..  Pa.     See  South  Chester. 

Thurlow,  thur'lo  (formerly  Snow  Village),  a  post- 
village  in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  13  miles  N.  of  Belleville. 
Pop.  120. 

Thur'man,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  Ala. 

Thurman,  a  post-office  of  Chase  co.,  Kansas. 

Thurman,  a  mining  post-village  of  Newton  co..  Mo., 
on  a  railroad,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Neosho.  It  has  lead-minei 
and  2  stores. 

Thurman,  a  post-hamlet  in  Thurman  township,  War- 
ren CO.,  N.Y.,  near  the  Adirondack  Railroad,  36  miles  N. 
of  Saratoga  Springs.    It  has  2  churches.    The  township  i« 


mHu 


2G16 


TIC 


boundo<l  on  the  E.  by  the  Hudson  River.     Pop.  of  the 
township,  lOS-t. 

Thunnan,  Qallia  co.,  Ohio.    See  Crntrevim.k. 

Thiirinan's  Mills,  a  post-office  and  flour-mill  of  Ada 

00.,  Idlliio. 

Thurnnu,  toon'nSw,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Upper  Fran- 
ooniiv,  9  iiiilos  N.W.  of  Bairouth.     Pop.  1249. 

Thurr,  t'har  or  tfir,  or  In'diau  Dcs'ert,  a  region 
occupying  the  W,  part  of  India,  between  lat.  24°  30'  and 
30°  N.  and  Ion.  70°  and  76°  E.,  extending  from  the  Runn 
of  Cutoh  to  Punjab  and  the  Sutlcj.  It  is  a  succcssinn  of 
<nnd-hill8,  interspersed  with  valleys  from  2  to  .3  miles  in 
breadth,  and  on  which  scanty  crops  of  grain  are  raised.  It 
comprises  the  dominions  of  Jessulmeor,  Joodpoor,  liicka- 
necr,  Ac,  and  is  permanently  inhabited  by  Rajpoots  and 
liiicels,  besides  a  number  of  wandering  tribes. 

Thurr  and  Parkur,  a  district  of  India,  in  Sinde, 
bounded  S.  by  the  Runn  of  Cutch.  Area,  12,729  square 
miles.     Chief  town,  Amerkote.     Pop.  180,761. 

Thnr'sOf  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Caithness, 
on  Thurso  Ray,  at  the  mouth  of  Thurso  Water,  21  miles 
N.W.  of  Wick.  Pop.  3622,  It  consists  of  an  old  and  a 
new  town,  and  has  3  churches,  3  chapels,  3  branch  banks, 
a  masonic  lodge,  public  ball-room,  banks,  manufactures  of 
linen  and  woollen  goods,  straw  plait,  leather,  and  netting, 
thriving  flsheries,  and  exports  of  corn. 

Thur'so,  a  river-port  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Ottawa,  on  the 
Ottawa  River,  29  miles  below  Ottawa.  It  contains  4  or  5 
stores,  and  saw-,  grist-,  and  carding-mills.     Pop.  700. 

Thurs'ton,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Washington, 
has  an  area  of  about  1000  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  Puget  Sound,  which  is  navigable  for  large  8hij)S, 
on  the  N.E.  by  the  Ncsqually  River,  and  is  partly  drained 
by  the  Chehalis  River.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating, 
and  extensively  covered  with  noble  forests.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Butter,  hay,  wool,  potatoes,  lumber,  ond  oats  are 
the  staple  products.  The  pine  and  fir  trees  here  grow  to  a 
great  size.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Northern  Pacific  Rail- 
road and  the  Port  Townsend  Southern  Railroad.  Capital, 
Olympia,  which  is  also  the  capital  of  the  state.  Pop.  in 
1870,  2246;  in  1880,  3270  ;  in  1890,  9675. 

Thnrzofalva,  toou'zo^f5rv6h\  a  village  of  Hungary, 
CO.  of  Trentschin,  on  the  borders  of  Galicia,  with  mineral 
springs.     Pop.  6933. 

Thnsis,  tii'sis,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Gri- 
ions,  II  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chur.     Pop.  986. 

Thyatira,  a  city  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Ak-Hissar. 

Thyrsus,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Tinsi. 

Tiahuanuco,  te-4-wiV-noo'ko,  or  Tiaguanuco,  te- 
i-gwi-noo'ko,  a  village  of  Bolivia,  department  and  38  miles 
W.N.W.  of  La  Paz,  on  the  S.  shore  of  Lake  Titicaca.  It 
is  now  nearly  deserted,  but  is  remarkable  for  the  ruins  and 
gigantic  monuments  that  are  found  in  the  vicinity. 

Tia  Juana,  te'4  w.\'ni,  post-office,  San  Diego  co.,  CaU 

Tiasha,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Tesha. 

Tiashokc,  ti'a-shok,  a  post-office  of  Rensselaer  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Troy  &  Boston  Railroad,  20i  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Troy. 

Tiba§ri,  te-bi-zhee',  a  river  of  Brazil,  province  of  Sao 
Paulo,  joins  the  Paranapaneme  after  a  N.W.  course  of  200 
miles,  for  the  most  part  of  which  it  is  navigable. 

Tib'bee  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clay  co.,  Miss.,  on 
Oktibbeha  River,  and  on  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  5J 
miles  S.  of  West  Point.     It  has  a  church  and  a  school. 

Tib'boo'  (or  Tibbou,  tib'boo')  Country,  a  region 
of  Central  Africa,  comprising  a  great  part  of  the  Sahara 
S.E.  of  Fezzan  and  between  that  country  and  Lake  Chad. 
It  is  named  from  its  people,  called  Tibboos,  or  Tebu. 

Tiber,  tl'b^r  (anc.  Ti'heris,  Ti'brit,  or  Ti/'bri«;  It. 
Tevere,  tk'v&-rk),  a  celebrated  river  of  Central  Italy,  rises 
in  the  Tuscan  Apennines,  5  miles  N,  of  Pieve  Santo-Ste- 
fano,  and  flows  S.S.E.  within  20  miles  of  Rome,  where 
it  turns  S.W.,  and,  after  a  course  of  185  miles,  enters 
the  Mediterranean,  17  miles  below  Rome,  bj-  two  mouths, 
nhich  enclose  a  small  delta,  the  ancient  In'eula  Sa'cra 
(now  laola  Sacra,  ee'so-lA  si'kri).  It  is  navigable  at 
certiiin  seasons  as  far  as  the  confluence  of  the  Nera,  30 
miles  N.  of  Rome.  Principal  tributaries,  the  Topino,  the 
Nera  (anc.  Nnr),  and  the  Teverone  (anc.  Anio),  from  the 
E.;  and  the  Nestore,  the  Chiana,  and  the  Nepi,  from  the 
W.  Its  banks  are  not  picturesque ;  and  the  stream,  usually 
sluggish,  is  rapid  in  spring,  and  brings  down  with  it  a  col- 
Dred,  muddy  deposit,  which  caused  it  anciently  to  be  termed 
the  "yellow  Tiber."     At  Rome  it  is  about  300  feet  across. 

Tiberias,  Palestine.     See  Tabaueeyeh. 

Tiberinum,  the  ancient  name  of  Citta  bb  Castello. 

Tibesa^-a  town  of  Algeria.    See  Tifsa, 


Tibesti,  or  Tibcsty,  tee'bdsHee',  a  subdivision  of  tl 
Tibboo  country,  in  Africa. 

Tibet,  Asia.    See  TiiinKT. 

Tibet,  LiTTi.K,  Central  Asia.    See  Lapakh. 

Tibi,  tc-nee',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  16  mlU 
N.W.  of  Alicante,  on  the  river  Ibi.     Poj).  1533. 

Tibiquari,  a  river  of  Paraguay.    See  Tkuiquart 

Tibiscns,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Tiikiss. 

Tiblow,  tib'lo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyamlotto  oo.,  Kan 
sas,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Kansas  River,  and  on  the  Kun 
sas  Pacific  Railroad,  16  miles  W.  of  Kaunas  City. 

Tibore,  te-bor'  (?),  a  native  state  of  the  Malay  Arch! 
pelago,  on  the  N.  coast  of  the  island  of  Pangansane,  one 
a  famed  robber-nest. 

Tibur,  the  ancient  name  of  Tivou. 

Tiburon,  te-Boo-rOn  ("Shark"  Island),  nn  island  ti 
the  Gulf  of  California.  Lat.  29°  N.;  Ion.  112°  28'  W 
Length,  30  miles;  greatest  breadth,  20  miles.  Near  its  N 
shore  is  a  pearl-bank. 

Tiburon,  te-noo-ron',  a  maritime  town  of  IIayti,a(  it 
S.W.  extremity,  38  miles  W.N.W.  of  Aux  Ciiyes. 

Tiburon,  Cape,  in  Ilayti.    See  Capk  Tiniinos. 

Tica,  a  village  of  Peru.    See  Pabkllo.v  db  1'ica, 

Ticao,  tc-ki'o,  one  of  the  Philippine  Islands,  off  th* 
S.E.  point  of  the  island  of  Luzon,  between  it  and  the  islam 
of  Mivsbate,  lat.  (N.  point)  12°  41'  N.,  Ion.  123°  39'  E. 
about  28  miles  long  by  7  miles  broad. 

Ticcary,  a  town  of  Bengal.    See  Tikahee. 

Tichau,  tiK'ow,  or  Tychnw,  tiK'Cov,  a  village  ol 
Prussia,  province  of  Silesia,  government  and  60  miles  S.E 
of  Oppoln.     Pop.  3387, 

Tich'enor's,  a  station  in  McLean  co.,  Ky.,  on  tin 
Owensborough  &  Nashville  Railroatl,  18  miles  S.  of  Oireno 
borough. 

Tich'field-  (or  Titch'field)  Avith-Crofton,  t 
town  and  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Hants,  2i  miles  W.  of 
Farcham,  on  a  small  stream  flowing  into  Soutlmmptor 
Water,  with  which  it  communicates  by  a  navigable  oiiniil| 
at  the  mouth  of  which  is  a  small  roadstead.  Pop.  4:109  I 
The  town  has  a  spacious  church,  formerly  a  part  of  iir 
abbey  in  which  Henry  VI.  espoused  Margaret  of  Anjou  i 
Close  to  the  town  are  the  ruins  of  Tichfield  House,  in  which 
Charles  I.  was  concealed  after  his  escape  from  liatnpton 
Court  in  1647. 

Tichvin,  or  Tichwin,  Russia.    See  Tikhvix. 

Tichwinka,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Tikhvinka. 

Ticinetto,  te-che-nSt'to, a  town  of  Italy,in  Piedmont^ 
6  miles  S.E.  of  Casale.     Pop.  1519. 

Ticino,to-cheo'no  (Fr.  Tessin,  tis^siso' ;  anc.  Tici'nm), 
a  river  of  Switzerland  and  Piedmont,  rises  on  the  S.  de- 
clivity of  Mount  St.  Gothard,  flows  S.E.,  and,  having  trav- 
ersed Lago  Maggiore,  and  subsequently  formed  the  bound- 
ary between  Lombardy  and  Piedmont,  joins  the  I'o  on  tlie 
left,  3i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pavia.  Total  course,  125  milc!'. 
It  is  navigable  from  Lago  Maggiore.  In  its  lower  part  it 
forms  many  islands  and  supplies  the  Canal  of  Naviglio 
Grande. 

Ticino  (Fr.  Teastn),  improperly  written  Tesino  or 
Tecino,  the  southernmost  canton  of  Switzerland,  on  the 
Italian  side  of  the  Alps,  which  separate  it  from  the  cantons 
of  Uri  and  Grisons,  having  S.  and  E.  Italy,  Grisons,  ami 
the  Val  di  Misocco,  and  S.  and  W.  Piedmont.  Area,  WM 
square  miles.  Pop.  121,768,  all  Rojnan  Catholics,  and 
mostly  speaking  Italian.  It  is  wholly  drained  by  the 
Ticino  and  its  tributaries.  Its  S.  part  comprises  the  larger 
portion  of  the  Lago  di  Lugano,  with  the  N.  extremity  of 
Lago  Maggiore.  The  climate  and  products  are  fiuiilar  to 
those  of  North  Italy.  The  principal  crops  are  wheat,  maize, 
rye,  chestnuts,  wine,  and  silk;  cheese,  calves,  sheep,  and 
hogs  are  exported.  Timber  is  plentiful,  but  of  little  eoin- 
mercial  value.  The  manufactures  are  insignificant;  the 
transit  trade  between  Italy  and  Switzerland  is  considerable. 
This  canton  has  3  capitals, — namely,  Luguno,  Bellinzonii, 
and  Locarno. 

Ticinum,  an  ancient  name  of  Pavta. 

Tick'faw,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tangipahoa  parish,  La., 
on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad,  akout 
56  miles  N.  by  AV.  of  New  Orleans.     It  has  a  church. 

Tick'faw  River,  of  Louisiana,  rises  near  the  N. 
border  of  St,  Helena  parish,  and  flows  S.  through  Livings- 
tonparish  into  Lake  Maurepas. 

Tick'hill,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West  Rid- 
ing, 7  miles  S.  of  Doncastcr.     Pop.  of  parish,  1920. 

Tick^macre'van,  a  parish  of  Ireland,  in  Ulster,  cft. 
of  Antrim,  comprising  the  town  of  Glenarm. 

Tick  Ridge,  a  post-oflice  of  Wayne  co.,  W.  Va. 

Ticonderoga,  ti'kon-d^r-o'ga,  a  post-village  in-Ti- 


TIC 


2617 


TIG 


condcroga  township,  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  & 
lOaniiJa  Uiiilroiid,  on  Lake  Cliainplain,  and  on  the  out- 
jlet  of  Lake  (Jcorge,  24  miles  N.  of  Whitehall,  and  100 
tnilcs  N.  of  Albany.  Many  tourists  eoine  by  railroad  to 
jthis  iiliice,  where  tliey  take  passage  on  the  fine  steamboats 
hrhich  navigate  the  lake.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  4 
jchurclies,  manufactures  of  lumber,  leather,  cotton,  woollea 
feoods,  <lc.    The  outlet  of  Lake  George  here  falls  30  feet  and 

fflbrdi"  good  water-power.     This  vill.age  is  2  or  3  miles  from 
he  old  Foit  Ticonderoga.     Pop.  of  the  township,  3401. 
Ticoiiic,  ti-kon'ik,  a  post-office  of  Monona  co.,  Iowa. 

Ticoiiic,  a  former  name  of  WATKriviLLE,  Me. 

Tic<»o  (tcc'koo')  Islands,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Sumatra, 
^re  3  in  number,  in  about  hit.  0°  23'  S.,  Ion.  99°  50'  E. 

Ticopin,  South  Paci lie  Ocean.     See  TucoviA. 

Ticiil,  te-kool',  a  town  of  Yucatan,  44  miles  S.  of  Me- 
•ida.     It  is  large,  and  interspersed  with  gardens.     It  has 

fine  square,  in  which  is  a  domed  church,  a  convent,  and 
'aianufacturos  of  earthenwares,  and  of  hats  for  exportation. 
Jllost  of  its  inhabitants  are  mestizos.  Near  it  are  the  ruins 
Ind  extensive  mounds  and  sepulchral  caverns  of  Ichmul. 
(  Ti'dal  Wave,  a  post-office  of  Whitley  co.,  Ky. 
I  'I'idaii,  tid'on,  a  river  of  Sweden,  issues  from  the  N. 
xtreuiity  of  a  lake  on  the  frontier  of  the  laen  of  Jonko- 
ling,  about  1.1  miles  N.W.  of  the  town  of  that  name,  flows 
\.,  then  W.,  expanding  into  Lake  Osten,  and,  after  a  wind- 
ng  course  of  nearly  80  miles,  falls  into  the  E.  side  of  Lake 
Vener  near  Mariestad. 

Tides  well,  tidz'wcl,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  29 
lilcs  N.N.W.  of  Derby.  Pop.  1905.  It  has  a  handsome 
Inirch,  chapels,  a  grammar-school,  and  other  schools. 

Tide'water,  a  post-office  of  Benton  co.,  Oregon. 

Tidioiite,  tid-e-oot',  a  po8t-borough  in  Deerfield  town- 
lip,  Warren  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the  Alleghany  River  and  the 
j'ittsburg,  Titusville  k  Buffiilo  Railroad,  35  miles  N.E.  of 
il  City,  and  21  miles  S.W.  of  Warren.     It  has  0  churches, 

savings-banks,  and  a  printing-office  which  issues  a  daily 
nJ  a  weekly  newspaper ;  also  lumber-mills  and  oil-wells. 

line  bridge  crosses  the  river  here.     Pop.  1638. 

Tid'nish,  a  seaport  of  Nova  Scotia,  co.  of  Cumber- 

nd,  on  IJaie  Verte,  21  miles  from  Amherst.     Pop.  300. 
.  Tidiiish  Bridge,  a  post-village  in  Westmoreland  co., 

ow  Brunswick,  12  miles  from  Shediac.     Pop.  150. 

Tidor,  or  Tidore,  te-dOr',  an  island  of  the  Malay 

rchipelago,  belonging  to  the  Dutch,  W.  of  the  island  of 

ilolo,  and  S.  of  Ternate,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  a 
/annel  affording  good  anchorage.     Lat.  0°  40'  N. ;  Ion. 

17°  25'  E.  Circumference,  18  miles.  The  surface  is 
•ountainous,  with  a  volcano;  it  is  densely  wooded,  and 
i'oductive  in  spices.     The  inhabitants  are  Mohammedans. 

was  discovered  by  Magellan,  and  successively  belonged 
!  the  Spaniards,  the  Portuguese,  and  finally  the  Dutch,  who 

iare  its  government  with  a  native  sultan. 

Tiedra-Vieja,  te-4'i)r4-ve-i'H4,  a  town    of    Spain, 

.ovinoe  of  Valladolid,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Toro.     Pop.  2660. 

Tiefenort,tee'f?n-oRt',  a  village  of  Saxe-Weimar,  S.W. 

Eisenach,  on  the  Werra.     Pop.  1302. 

Tiegcuhof,  tee'gh§n-hof%  a  town  of  West  Prussia,  22 

lies  S.E.  of  Dantzic,  on  the  'Tiege.     Pop.  2441. 

iTicI,  Netherlands.    See  Thiel. 

Tiel,  Switzerland.     See  Thiele. 

;Tieii,  te-fin',  a  prefixed  name  of  many  towns  of  China, 

ostiy  in  the  southern  provinces. 

Tieiie,  tee'n?h,  a  town  of  Italy,  12  miles  N.N.W.  of 

jCenza.      Pop.   4859.     It   has   manufactures   of  woollen 

|)ths,  hats,  and  linens. 

Tieiien,  a  Flemish  name  of  Tirlemo.\t. 

jTien-Pe,  te-6n'p4',   a   town  of  China,   province  of 

'!iang-Tong,  on  the  coast  of  the  China  Sea,  74  miles  N.E. 

•'  Looee-Choo,  lat.  21°  29'  N.     Its  harbor  is  defended  by 

i.-eral  forts. 

.Tien-Tsin,  te-8n*tsecn',  a  city  and  treaty-port  of 

'jina,  province  of  Pe-Chee-Lee,  and  the  port  of  Peking, 

jim  which  capital  it  is  nearly  70  miles  S.E.,  at  the  con- 

ience  of  the  Yuen-Ling  and  the  Peking  River.     It  is  a 

)eat  entrepot  for  salt;  it  also  imports  grain,  woollen  stuffs, 

lid  furs  in  large  quantities. 
riermas,  te-dii'mis  (anc.  Ther'mie),  a  town  of  Spain, 

•Dvince  and  65  miles  N.  of  Saragoss.a,  on  the  Aragon,  with 

:,merous  hot  spring.s,  whence  its  name. 

Tierra  Amarilla,   te-da'Rd    i-mi-reel'yi,   a   post- 

Mce  and  settlement  of  Rio  Arriba  co..  New  Mexico,  110 

^les  N.W.  of  Santa  Fe,  7800  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

|rierra  Austral  del   Espiritu   Santo,  tc-dR'n& 

ifs-trdl'  dSl  4s-pee're-too  sln'to,  an  island  in  the  Pacific 

'can,  the  largest  and  westernmost  of  the  New  Hebrides. 

h  New  Hkbbides. 
165 


Tierra-Bomba,  te-fin'ni-bom'bi,  an  island  in  the 
Caribbean  Sea,  off  the  N.W.  coast  of  the  United  States  of 
Colombia,  protects  the  harbor  of  Carthagena,  from  which 
city  it  is  10  miles  W. 

Tierra  del  Fuego.    See  Terra  del  Fuego. 

Tierra  Santa,  the  Spanish  name  of  Palestine. 

Tiesi,  te-d'sec,  or  Tiezi,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Sar- 
dinia, 16  miles  S.S.E.  of  SassarL     Pop.  3201. 

Tie  Siding,  ti  sid'ing,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Al- 
bany CO.,  Wyoming,  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  6  miles 
W.  of  Sherman. 

Tietar,  te-i-taR',  a  river  of  Spain,  rises  in  New  Cas- 
tile, province  of  Avila,  flows  S.W.,  and  joins  the  Tagufl 
in  Estremadura.     Total  course,  90  miles. 

Tiete,  te-d'ti,  Anhemby,  or  Anhembi,  in-yim'- 
bee,  a  river  of  Brazil,  province  of  Sao  Paulo,  after  a  W, 
course  of  500  miles,  joins  the  Parand  near  lat.  20°  45'  S., 
Ion.  52°  W.  Its  principal  affluents  are  the  Pipira,  Pira- 
cicaba,  and  Jundiahi.  Its  navigation  is  obstructed  by 
numerous  cataracts. 

Tietz,  teets,  a  town  of  West  Prussia,  15  miles  S.W.  of 
Deutsch-Krone.     Pop.  1000. 

Tietzville,  tits'vil,  a  post-village  of  Bracken  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Falmouth.  It  has  2 
tobacco-warehouses. 

Tieville,  ti'vil,  a  post-office  of  Monona  co.,  Iowa. 

Tiezi,  a  town  of  Sardinia.    See  Tiesi. 

Tifech,  or  Tifesh,  tee'fdsh',  a  town  of  Algeria,  prov- 
ince and  70  miles  E.  of  Constantine. 

Tilerno,  a  river  of  Italy.     See  Biferso. 

Tiffany,  a  tgwnship  of  Dunn  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  245. 

Tiffany,  Rock  co..  Wis.     See  Shopiere. 

Titfanges,  tiffozh',  a  commune  and  town  of  France, 
in  Vendije,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mortagne. 

Tiff  City,  a  post-office  of  McDonald  co.,  Mo. 

Til"'lin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  7i  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Iowa  Cit}'.     It  has  2  churches. 

Tiffin,  a  post-office  of  St.  Clair  co..  Mo. 

TitKn,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  0.     Pop.  1858. 

Tiffin,  a  township  of  Defiance  co.,  0.     Pop.  1080. 

Tiffin,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Seneca  co.,  0.,  is  situated 
on  the  Sandusky  River,  42  miles  S.S.E.  of  Toledo,  34  miles 
S.W.  of  Sandusky,  and  44  miles  W.N.W.  of  Mansfield.  It 
is  on  the  Cincinnati,  Sandusky  &  Cleveland  Railroad,  at  its 
junction  with  the  Northwestern  Ohio  Railroad.  It  is  also 
on  the  Chicago  division  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Rail- 
road. It  is  built  on  level  ground,  is  lighted  with  gas,  and 
contains  13  churches,  a  court-house,  a  high  school,  an 
Ursuline  convent,  2  national  banks,  a  savings-bank,  and 
printing-offices  which  issue  1  daily  and  4  weekly  news- 
papers. Tiffin  is  the  seat  of  Heidelberg  College  (Reformed), 
which  was  organized  in  1850  and  has  a  library  of  6000 
volumes.  It  contains  manufactures  of  carriages,  agricul- 
tural implements,  churns,  stoves,  woollen  goods,  shoes,  and 
sash  and  blinds.     Pop.  in  1880,  7879. 

Tiffin  River,  Michigan.    See  Bean  Creek. 

Tiflis,  tif'lis^  or  Tef'lis  (native  pron.  tif-leess'  or 
tef-leess'),  the  capital  city  of  Georgia,  of  the  government 
of  Tiflis,  and  of  Russian  Transcaucasia,  on  the  Koor.  Lat. 
40°  41' 4"  N.;  Ion.  44°  50' 30"  E.  Pop.  104.024.  It  stands 
in  a  narrow  valley,  and  is  defended  by  walls  and  several 
forts.  The  old  quarter,  on  the  bank  of  the  river,  com- 
prises numerous  Armenian  churches  and  large  caravan- 
saries; it  is  inhabited  chiefly  by  an  Armenian  population, 
and  is  the  principal  seat  of  trade.  The  upper  town,  or 
Russian  quarter,  has  broad  streets  and  open  squares,  the 
government  offices,  military  quarters,  Ac,  and  presents  to 
the  other  quarter  all  the  contrasts  of  a  European  town. 
The  Armenian  cathedral  Is  a  striking  edifice.  Tiflis  hivs  also 
several  mosques,  a  Protestant  chapel,  French  and  German 
hotels,  elegant  shops,  and  a  hot-bath  establishment.  The 
Russians  have  established  various  schools  in  the  city. 

Tiffis,  a  government  of  Russia,  in  Transcaucasia, 
bounded  N.E.  by  the  crest  of  the  Caucasus,  and  occupying 
the  central  part  of  the  former  kingdom  of  Georgia.  Area, 
15,613  square  miles.     Capital,  Tiflis.     Pop.  606,584. 

Tif'ton,  a  post-office  of  Berrien  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Bruns- 
wick &  Albany  Railroad,  41  miles  E.  of  Albany. 

Tigaria,  te-gd're-d,  a  native  state  of  India,  in  Orissa. 
Lat.  of  Tigaria,  its  capital,  20°  28'  15"  N. ;  Ion.  84°  33'  E. 
Total  area,  46  square  miles.  It  is  well  cultivated  and  fer- 
tile.    Pop.  16,420. 

Tiger,  ti'gh^r,  a  post-office  of  Rabun  co.,  Ga. 

Tiger  Island,  an  islet  in  the  Canton  River,  China, 
N.  of  Tycocktow  Island,  in  the  Boca  Tigris.  It  is  situated 
on  a  lofty  rock,  on  which  is  a  formidable  battery. 


I 


Tia 


2618 


TIL 


Tiger  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burnet  oo.,  Tex.,  50  milei 
TV.N.W.  of  Austin.    Here  is  a  steam  grist-  and  saw-mill. 

Tiger  River,  South  Carolina,  rises  in  Greenville  co., 
runs  southeastward  through  Spartanburg  oo.,  and  enters 
Broad  River  at  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Union  oo.  It  is  about 
100  miles  long. 

Tiger's  Fork,  a  township  of  Shelby  oo.,  Mo.    P.  855. 

Tigerville,  ti'gh^r-vll,  a  post-villuge  of  Pennington 
00.,  Dakota,  in  the  Black  Ilills.  It  has  mines  of  gold. 
Pop.  about  300. 

Tigerville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Terre  Bonne  pnrish,  La., 
on  Black  Bayou,  and  on  Morgan's  Louisiana  <t  Texas  Rail- 
road, 14  miles  K.  of  Morgan  City.     It  has  3  churches. 

Tigil,  te-ghil',  or  Tighilsk,  te-ghilsk',  a  fortified 
town  of  Kamchatka,  near  its  W.  coast,  on  the  Tigil,  near 
the  Gulf  of  Penjinsk.     Lat.  58°  N. ;  Ion.  158°  15'  E. 

Tigliole,  teel-yo'l4,  a  market-town  of  Italy,  in  Pied- 
mont, 5  miles  W.S.W.  of  Asti.     Pop.  2652. 

Tignale,  teen-y&'l&,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  N.E.  of  Brescia,  on  the  heights  which  flank  the 
W.  side  of  the  Lago  di  Garda.     Pop.  1153. 

Tignes,  teefi,  a  village  of  France,  in  Savoy,  about  12 
miles  S.E.  of  Saint-Maurice,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  IsSre. 

Tig'nish,  a  post-village  in  Prince  oo..  Prince  Edward 
Island,  on  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  and  at  the  northern  ter- 
minus of  the  Prince  Edward  Island  Railway,  12  miles  from 
Alberton.  This  is  one  of  the  most  important  fishing-sta- 
tions on  the  island.  It  contains  a  church,  a  convent,  and 
several  saw-,  grist-,  and  carding-mills.     Pop.  150. 

Tigranocerta,  Armenia,^    See  Sert. 

Tigr6,  tee'gri',  one  of  the  three  principal  states  of  Abys- 
sinia, between  lat.  11°  and  17°  30'  N.  and  Ion,  37°  and  41° 
E.,  having  N.E.  the  Dankali  country,  S.W.  Amhara,  and 
on  other  sides  various  Galla  territories.  The  surface  is 
mostly  mountainous,  and  here  are  the  sources  of  the  Tacazze 
and  Mareb  Rivers.  'The  principal  towns  are  Antalo,  Axoom, 
Adowa,  and  Dix-An.  'The  chief  outlet  for  its  produce  is 
Arkeeko,  on  the  Red  Sea.    See  Abyssinia. 

Tigre,  tee'gri,  or  Pequeiia,  pa-k&n'y&,  a  river  of 
Ecuador,  joins  the  Amazon  40  miles  W.  of  the  influx  of  the 
Ucayale,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  350  miles. 

Ti'gris,  a  river  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  rises  near  Arghana- 
Maden,  flows  S.E.,  and  at  Korna  joins  the  Euphrates  to 
form  the  Shat-el-Arab.  Total  course,  estimated  at  1150 
miles.  At  Bagdad  the  Tigris  and  the  Euphrates  approach 
within  30  miles  of  each  other,  and  hold  a  parallel  course  for 
about  80  miles,  when  they  diverge,  being  distant  from  80  to 
100  miles  from  each  other,  till  they  unite  at  Korna.  The 
region  between  the  Tigris  and  the  Euphrates  is  the  ancient 
Metopotamia.  The  principal  affluents  of  the  Tigris  are 
the  Zab  and  Zab  Asfal,  Khaboor,  and  Diala,  all  from  the 
N.E.  Below  Diarbekir  it  contains  several  islands.  Its 
banks,  in  the  upper  part  of  its  course,  are  thinly  peopled ; 
but  the  pasture-grounds  are  rich  and  well  suited  for  the 
nomadic  tribes  which  occasionally  visit  them.  For  about 
24  miles  below  Mosul  the  country  is  highly  cultivated;  but 
between  that  and  Tekrit  all  cultivation  nearly  ceases.  A 
considerable  increase  of  the  river  takes  place  during  the 
rains  of  November ;  subsequently  it  decreases,  and  swells 
irregularly  at  intervals.  It  attains  its  greatest  height  be- 
tween the  middle  and  the  end  of  May,  and  after  this  time 
it  falls  till  the  middle  of  June.  It  brings  down  vast  quan- 
tities of  deposit,  and  in  the  upper  part  of  its  course  is  very 
rapid.  The  Tigris  is  navigable  for  rafts  at  certain  seasons 
from  Diarbekir  to  Mosul,  a  distance  of  about  296  miles. 
Below  the  latter  place  it  is  more  or  less  so  throughout  the 
year,  and  the  descent  to  Bagdad  is  performed  with  great 
ease  and  speed.  Large  rafts,  supported  by  200  or  even  300 
inflated  skins,  are  much  in  use  for  the  transport  of  goods. 
Steamboat  navigation  has  been  successfully  established. 
The  ruins  of  Nineveh,  Seleucia,  Ctesiphon,  Opit,  Ac,  are  on 
Its  banks. 

Tigurium,  the  Latin  name  of  Zurich. 

Tihoa,  a  city  of  China.      See  Ooroomtsee. 

Tijara,  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Alvar  state.     P.  7382. 

Tijarafe,  te-Hi-r4'f4,  a  town  of  the  Canaries,  on  the 
N.  coast  of  the  island  of  Palma.       Pop.  2216. 

Tijola,  or  Tixola,  te-Ho'l4,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  27  miles  N.  of  Almeria.     Pop.  1624. 

TUnaca,  te-zhoo.-&'k&,  a  smalt  river  of  Brazil,  flowing 
out  of  the  Japura,  and  forming  in  its  course  Lake  Amana. 

Tikan>Teppeh,  tee'kin'-tftp'pSh,  a  village  of  Persia, 
province  of  Azerbaijan,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Tukhti  Suleiman, 
and  the  usual  halting-place  for  caravans  between  Tabreez 
and  Ilamadan. 

Tik'aree,  Tie'eary,  or  Tikari,  tlk'i-re,  a  town  of 
Bengal,  district  and  15  miles  N.W.  of  Gaya.     Pop.  8178. 


Tikhvesh,  tiKVish',  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  i 
an  affluent  of  the  Vardar,  65  miles  N.W.  of  Salonica. 

Tikhvin,  or  Tichwin,  tixVin',  a  town  of  Run! 
government  of  Novgorod,  on  the  Tikhvinka,  108  miles  N. 
of  Novgorod.  Pop.  5969.  The  Canal  ok  Tikhvix,  h 
miles  in  length,  unites  the  Tikhvinka  and  Bias  with  tl 
Mologa  and  Volga,  and  thus  connects  Lake  Ladoga  and  tl 
Baltic  with  the  Caspian  Sea. 

Tikhvinka,  or  Tichwinka,  tiK-vink'&,  a  river  c 
Russia,  issues  from  Lake  Ozerskoie,  in  the  government  c 
Novgorod,  and  joins  the  Sias  15  miles  below  the  town  c 
Tikhvin.     Total  course,  80  miles. 

Tiksa,  tik'si,,  a  lake  of  Russia,  government  of  Arcl 
angel.  Lat.  66°  26'  N. ;  Ion.  31°  30'  E.  Greatest  lengt: 
from  N.W.  to  S.E.,  16  miles.  It  contains  several  iinn 
islands,  and  discharges  itself  by  the  Chadra  into  Lake  Pij; 

Tiku,  te-koo',  a  town  on  the  S.W.  coast  of  Sumatra.  0 
it  are  the  Tiku  Islands. 

Til  A'far,  til  i-faR',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  3 
miles  W.  of  Mosul,  between  the  Tigris  and  Khaboor  Riverl 
It  consists  of  four  divisions,  situated  on  as  many  bills,  ir 
terseoted  by  a  large  rivulet.  It  comprises  about  1000  ston 
houses.  Pop.  mostly  Arab  and  Koord  Mohammedans,  ec 
gaged  in 'rural  industry  and  in  the  manufacture  of  coart 
cotton  and  woollen  fabrics. 

Tilanavi.    See  Lisca-Nera. 

Tilapa,  te-l&'p&,  a  small  town  of  Mexico,  on  the  Pi 
cifio  coast.     Lat.  16°  N. ;  Ion.  97°  10'  W. 

Tilavemptus,  Italy.    See  Tagliamento. 

Tilbnrg,  til'b&RG,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  inNort: 
Brabant,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Breda.  Lat.  51°  33'  N. ;  lot 
6°  4'  E.  Pop.  31,424.  It  has  a  royal  palace,  and  manu 
factures  of  woollen  goods,  print-works,  and  breweries. 

Til'bury  East,  a  post-village  in  Kent  co.,  Ontario,  2 
miles  S.W.  of  Chatham.  It  contains  a  steam  flouring-mik 
and  several  stores.     Pop.  150. 

Til'bury  Fort,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Thames,  opj 
posite  Gravesend,  England,  is  a  large  brick  fortificatioDj 
enclosed  by  a  moat  in  a  marshy  tract,  which  may  be  wholiii 
laid  under  water.  It  was  originally  erected  by  Henry  VIII  | 

Til'den,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  10  miles  \i< 
of  Minter.     It  has  2  churches  and  4  stores.  i 

Tilden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  111.,  on  theSlI 
Louis  &  Cairo  Short  Line  Railroad,  27i  miles  S.S.E.  ol 
Belleville.  I 

Tilden,  a  township  of  Cherokee  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  \%%. 

Tilden,  a  township  of  Osborne  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  313 

Tilden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Webster  co.,  Ky.,  13  miles  W 
of  Sebree. 

Tilden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co..  Me.,  in  MariaJ 
ville  township,  20  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Bangor.  It  boa  5 
churches  and  a  tannery. 

Tilden,  a  township  of  Marquette  co.,  Mich.   Pop.  494 

Tilden,  a  post-hamlot  of  McMuUin  co.,  Tex.,  120  mil« 
from  Kingsbury.     It  is  on  the  Rio  Frio. 

Tileton,  til't9n,-  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  oo.,  0.,  M 
miles  N.E.  of  Sidney. 

Tiletum,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Thielt. 

Tilff,  tilf,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  3  milts 8i 
of  Liege,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Ourthc.     Pop.  1494.      I 

Til'fordsville,  a  hamlet  of  Grayson  co.,  Ky.,  6  inileti 
from  Caneyville  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Tilghman's,  til'manz,  a  station  in  Queen  Anne  oo., 
Md.,  on  the  Queen  Anne  <fc  Kent  Railroad,  10  miles  N.E. 
of  Centreville. 

Til'hur,  or  Tilhar,  til'hur,  a  town  of  India,  in  Ro- 
hilcund,  about  15  miles  N.W.  of  Shahjehanpoor.  Pop.  5317. 

Till,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Northumberland,  rises 
S.  of  the  Cheviot  Ilills,  flows  N.,  and  joins  the  Tweed  4i 
miles  N.E.  of  Coldstream.  Course,  30  miles.  AfiBuenU, 
the  Beamish  and  Beaumont,  from  the  W. 

Tillamook,  til'la-mook,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of 
Oregon,  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Pacific  Ocean.  The 
Coast  Range  of  mountains  extends  along  the  E.  border  of 
this  county,  which  is  long  and  narrow.  The  surface  is  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests  of  pine,  fir,  cedar,  Ac.  But- 
ter, potatoes,  wool,  grass,  and  lumber  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Capital,  Tillamook.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal 
estate,  $118,000.     Pop.  in  1870,  408  ;  in  1880,  970. 

Tillamook,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Tillamook  co., 
Oregon,  on  Tillamook  Bay,  about  70  miles  W.  by  S.  of 
Portland,  and  9  miles  from  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

Tillanchong,  til-l4n-chong',  one  of  the  Nicobar 
Islands.  Lat.  8°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  93°  35'  E.  It  is  a  high, 
oblong,  rugged  mountain,  inhabited  only  by  such  person* 
as  have  been  banished  from  the  other  islands. 

Tii'lato'ba,  a  post-office  of  Yalabusha  co.,  Miss.,  and 


TIL 


2G19 


TIM 


»  station  on  the  Mississippi  A  Tennessee  Railroad,  17  miles 
N.  of  Grenada. 

Tilie«  teel,  a  river  of  France,  joins  the  SaOne  on  the 
right,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Saint-Jean-de-Losne,  after  a  course 
of  about  50  miles. 

Til'ler's  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Kershaw  co.,  S.C.,  on 
Lynch's  Creek,  18  miles  E.N.B.  of  Camden. 

Tillicoultry,  til-e-koo'tree,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Clackmannan,  on  the  Devon,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Alloa.  It  has 
a  neat  church,  branch  banks,  and  manufactures  of  shawls 
and  plaidings.     Pop.  3745. 

Till'maii*8  Station,  a  post-office  of  Claiborne  oo.. 
Miss.,  on  the  Natchez,  Jackson  <fc  Columbus  Railroad,  40 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Natchez. 

Tilly-8ur-Seulles,tee'yee'-  (or  teel'yee'-)  silR-suI,  a 
Tilliige  of  France,  in  Calvados,  12  miles  W.  of  Caen. 

TiMoi',  a  town  of  India,  in  Oude,  55  miles  S.E.  of 
Lucknow.    Pop.  10,000. 

Tilsit,  til'sit,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  Niemen,  here  joined  by  the  Tilse,  60  miles  N.E.  of 
Konigsberg.  Lat.  55°  4'  N.;  Ion.  21°  56'  E.  Pop.  20,251. 
It  has  a  gymnasium,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth, 
hosiery,  arms,  leather,  and  hardware.  It  exports  corn, 
timber,  hemp,  and  flax.  A  treaty  between  France,  Russia, 
and  Prussia  was  signed  here  on  a  raft  in  the  river,  on  the 
7th  of  July,  1807. 

Til'sonburg,  or  Dereham,  a  post- village  of  Ontario, 
CO.  of  Oxford,  on  Otter  Creek,  and  on  the  Canada  Southern 
and  Great  Western  Railways,  25  miles  E.  of  St.  Thomas 
West,  and  15  miles  N.  of  Port  Burwell.  It  contains  4 
churches,  a  bank,  a  printing-office,  5  hotels,  45  stores,  2  saw- 
mills, 3  grist-mills,  2  iron-foundries,  2  sash-  and  door-fac- 
tories, and  2  carriage-factories,  Ac.  Lumbering  is  the 
principal  business.     Pop.  1700. 

Til'son's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bland  co.,  Va.,  12 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Rural  Retreat.     It  has  an  academy. 

Tilt  Cove,  a  village  on  AVest  Bay,  in  the  district  of 
Twillingato  and  Fogo,  Newfoundland,  230  miles  from  St. 
John's  (by  steamer).  It  is  a  port  of  entry,  and  is  noted 
for  its  mines,  said  to  be  the  richest  and  most  productive 
copper-mines  in  the  world.  Operations  have  been  carried 
on  at  the  mines  since  1865.  A  vein  of  nickel  is  also  worked 
here.     Pop.  770. 

Til'ton,  a  post-village  of  Whitfield  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Oostenaula  River  and  the  AVestern  &  Atlantic  Railroad,  9 
miles  S.  of  Dalton.  It  has  3  churches,  a  steam  saw-mill, 
and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Tilton,  a  station  of  Illinois.    See  Tilton  Junction. 

Tilton,  a  post-office  of  Poweshiek  co.,  Iowa. 

Tilton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fleming  oo.,  Ky.,  about  30 
miles  S.  of  Maysville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Tilton  (formerly  San'bornton  Bridge),  a  post- 
village  in  Tilton  township,  Belknap  co.,  N.II.,  on  the  AVin- 
nepesaukee  River  and  the  Boston,  Concord  A  Montreal 
Railroad,  18  miles  N.  of  Concord,  and  9  miles  S.AV.  of  La- 
oonia.  It  contains  the  New  Hampshire  Conference  Semi- 
nary and  Female  College  (Methodist),  3  churches,  a  national 
bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  woollen-factory,  and  several  other 
factories  and  mills.  The  township  presents  interesting 
scenery.     Pop.  in  1880,  691 ;  of  the  township,  1282. 

Tilton  Harbor,  a  settlement  on  the  E.  side  of  Fogo 
Island,  Newfoundland,  4  miles  from  Fogo.     Pop.  390. 

Tilton  Junction,  a  station  in  Vermilion  co..  111.,  on 
the  Paris  &,  Danville  Railroad  and  the  Wabash  Railroad,  2 
or  3  miles  S.  of  Danville.  The  station  of  the  AVabash  Rail- 
road is  called  Tilton. 

Tilton's,  a  station  in  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  New 
York  &  New  England  Railroad,  18  miles  S.S.AV^.  of  Boston. 

Til'tonsville,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  0.,  on  or 
near  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  Cleveland  &,  Pittsburg 
Railroad,  about  16  miles  S.  by  AV.  of  Steubenville. 

Tim,  teem,  a  river  of  Siberia,  governments  of  Yeniseisk 
and  Tomsk,  joins  the  Obi  near  Tirask,  90  miles  N.AV.  of 
Narym,  after  a  westward  course  of  250  miles. 

Tim,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  38  miles  E.  of 
Koorsk,  on  the  Oskol.     Pop.  3860. 

Timachus,  the  ancient  name  of  Timor. 

Timana,  te-mi-ni'  (?),  a  town  of  the  United  States  of 
Colombia,  state  of  Cundinamarca,  82  miles  S.S.AA'^.  of  Neyva, 
on  the  Upper  Magdalena. 

Timan  Mountains.    See  Ural  Mountains. 

Timaru,  te-mi'roo,  a  seaport  town  of  New  Zealand,  on 
the  S.E.  coast  of  South  Island,  at  a  railway  junction,  about 
90  miles  S.AV".  of  Christchurch.  It  has  a  public  hospital. 
Pop.  5000. 

'Timbalier  (tim-ba-leer')  Bay,  of  Louisiana,  situated 
*t  the  mouth  of  Bayou  La  Fourche,  is  partially  separated 


from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  by  long  and  narrow  islands.  Near 
the  E.  end  of  Timbalier  Island  stands  a  light-house  of  iron, 
111  feet  high. 

Tim'ber,  a  township  of  Peoria  co..  111.    Pop.  1707.  \ 

Timber  Cove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  about  90  miles  N.W.  of  San  Francisc<>. 
Timber  is  shipped  here. 

Timber  Creek,  a  small  stream  of  Gloucester  co., 
N.J.,  falls  into  the  Delaware  below  Gloucester. 

Timber  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  S.  boundary  of  Timber  Creek  township,  8  miles  S.  of 
Marshalltown.     Pop.  of  the  township,  725. 

Timber  Grove,  a  station  in  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  AVestern  Maryland  Railroad,  16i  miles  N.AV.  of  the 
Union  Depot,  Baltimore. 

Timber  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Hinsdale  co..  Col. 

Timber  Hill,  a  township  of  Bourbon  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  968.     It  contains  Mapleton. 

"Timber  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Labette  co.,  Kansas, 
in  Osage  township,  10  miles  A\'.  of  Parsons. 

Timber  Kiage,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Tenn'., 
about  60  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Knoxville.  It  has  2  churches 
near  it. 

Timber  Ridge,  a  post-village  of  Rockbridge  co.,  Va., 
7  miles  N.E.  of  Lexington.  It  has  2  churches,  2  stores, 
and  a  flour-mill. 

Tim'berville,  a  post-office  of  Dodge  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  7  miles  AV.  of  Fremont. 

Timberville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Paulding  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Miami  k  Erie  Canal,  15  miles  N.  of  Delphos.  It  has 
a  flour-mill. 

Timberville,  a  post-village  of  Rockingham  co.,  Va., 
on  a  branch  of  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  15  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Harrisonburg.  It  has  2  stores  and  a  carriage- 
shop.     Pop.  about  150.  ' 

"Timbo,  Timboo,  or  Timbou.    See  Teemboo. 

Tim^buc'too,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yuba  co.,  Cal.,  is  nerir 
the  Yuba  River,  18  miles  E.  of  Marysville.  It  has  2 
churches.     Gold  is  found  here. 

Timbuc'too,  Tombuc'too,  or  Tombooc'to, 
written  also  Tombnktu  and  Ten  Boctoo,  a  town  of 
Central  Africa,  in  Soodan,  near  the  border  of  the  Desert  of 
Sahara,  8  miles  N.  of  the  Joliba  (Niger).  Lat.  18°  4'  N. ; 
Ion.  1°  45'  AV.  Permanent  pop.  about  12,000,  principally 
negroes,  with  some  Moors.  It  is  a  very  poor  town,  in  a 
wretched  country,  situated  amid  burning  and  moving  sands, 
on  the  verge  of  a  morass.  The  walled  enclosure,  about  3 
miles  in  circumference,  contains  some  brick  houses,  but 
most  of  the  dwellings  are  mere  circular  huts  or  wigwams  of 
straw  and  earth.  Among  its  mosques  are  two  with  towers 
and  walls  about  15  feet  in  height.  Provisions  have  to  be 
brought  from  Jenne,  on  the  Niger,  about  300  miles  S.AV. ; 
and  the  sole  importance  of  Timbuctoo  is  due  to  its  being  an 
entrepot  for  the  trade  between  Guinea,  Senegambia,  and 
North  Africa.  Caravans  from  Morocco  and  the  other  Bar- 
bary  States  here  exchange  dates,  European  manufactures, 
fire-arms,  gunpowder,  coral,  tobacco,  and  paper  for  slaves, 
gold-dust,  salt,  ostrich  feathers,  gums,  and  palm  oil.  It  is 
governed  by  a  native  chieftain. 

Time,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hardin  township.  Pike  co.,  HI., 
7  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsfield,  and  about  45  miles  S.E.  of  Quincy. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  steam  flouring-mill.    P.  about  18Q. 

Timimoon,  or  Timimoun,  tee^me-moon',  a  town 
of  North  Africa,  in  Sahara,  oasis  of  Tooat.  Lat.  27°  50' 
N. ;  Ion.  1°  40'  E.  It  occupies  a  large  space,  consisting  of 
about  4000  houses,  surrounded  by  loop-holed  walls,  and  de- 
fended by  a  fortress.  It  is  one  of  the  great  centres  of  the 
traffic  of  the  Sahara.  It  nominally  belongs  to  the  Emperor 
of  Morocco,  but  has  declared  itself  independent. 

Tim'monsville,  a  post-village  of  Darlington  co.,  S.O., 
on  the  AVilmington,  Columbia  <k  Augusta  Railroad,  69  mil*s 
E.  by  N.  of  Col  umbia.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  3  churches, 
and  2  carriage-shops. 

Timok,  tee'mok'  (anc.  Tim'achut),  a  river  of  Europe, 
forms  part  of  the  boundary  between  Bulgaria  and  Servia, 
and  joins  the  Danube  18  miles  N.N.W.  of  AVidin,  after  a 
N.E.  course  of  100  miles.  ' 

Timoleague,  tim-o-l4g',  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Cork^  on  Courtmacsherry  Bay,  7  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Bandon. 

Timonium,  ti-mo'ne-iim,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore 
CO.,  Md.,  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  12  miles  N.  df 
Baltimore.     Pop.  in  1880,  262.  i 

Timor,  te-mor',  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelagb, 
separated  on  the  AV.  from  the  island  of  Ombay  by  Ombay 
Strait;  washed  N.  by  the  Banda  Sea,  and  S.  by  the  Indian 
Ocean.  Lat.  (S.  point)  10°  24' S.;  Ion.  123°  32'"  B.  Length, 
about  300  miles;  breadth,  60  miles.    The  N.E.  and  S.W. 

\ 


*¥iM 


2620 


TIN 


•xtromities  end  in  promontories.  In  the  N.  is  a  lofty 
mountain,  and  high  mountain-chains  traverse  the  wljolo 
island.  Tbese  hills  are  generally  bare  and  rocky  and  des- 
titute of  timber.  Iron,  gold,  and  copper  are  found.  Every- 
where are  traces  of  volcanic  origin,  and  the  whole  inland 
has  frequently  suffered  from  earthquakes.  The  country  is 
covered  with  dwellings  and  plantations,  and  various  kinds 
'of  bamboos,  maize,  toddy-palms,  cotton,  tobacco,  sweet  pota- 
toes, indigo,  bread-fruits,  pine-apples,  melons,  cocoa-nuts, 
fiago,  mango,  lemons,  papaw,  sandal-wood,  &c,  are  among  the 
vegetable  products.  The  domestic  animals  are  buffaloes, 
oxen,  horses,  sheep,  pigs,  and  fowls;  and  in  the  woods  are 
deer  and  a  great  many  apes.  Among  birds  may  be  men- 
tioned the  rhinoceros-bird,  lories,  and  cockatoos.  Near  the 
river-mouths  crocodiles  abound,  on  the  shores  turtles  are 
found,  and  dangerous  serpents  and  scorpions  are  numerous. 
Pearl-oysters  are  obtained  on  the  coasts;  on  the  reefs  tre- 
pang  is  caught,  and  they  yield  a  kind  of  coral  called  isis, 
much  prized  by  the  Japanese.  The  Timorese  eat  young 
bees  and  honey,  but  e.xport  the  wax.  Agriculture  is  little 
attended  to,  but  some  wheat,  maize,  potatoes,  and  coffee  are 
exported.  The  females  weave  what  cloth  is  required  ;  the 
men  engage  in  nosort  of  handicraft  except  the  constructing 
of  proas,  the  hammering  of  gold  plates,  and  the  casting  of 
rings  and  bolls  for  decorating  their  horses.  The  principal 
exports  are  sandal-wood,  beeswax,  cattle,  horses,  maize, 
and  sago,  in  return  for  muskets,  gunpowder,  hardwares,  cal- 
icoes, and  other  manufactures,  which  constitute  the  chief 
imports,  besides  rice,  arrack,  and  other  native  produce  from 
Java  and  Macassar.  The  natives  are  divided  into  the  Ti- 
morese, inhabiting  the  W.  part  of  the  island,  originally 
from  Ceram,  and  subject  to  the  Dutch;  the  IJelonose,  in- 
habiting the  E.  coast,  originally  from  Gilolo,  and  subject  to 
the  Portuguese;  and  the  independent  tribes  of  the  interior. 
Only  princes  are  permitted  to  have  more  than  one  wife,  for 
whom  a  price  in  gold  or  buffaloes  is  paid  to  the  father.  The 
Dutch  possess  the  settlement  of  Coepang,  in  the  S.AV.,  which 
is  a  free  port.  Dilli,  on  the  N.W.  coast,  is  a  settlement  be- 
longing to  the  Portuguese,  and  is  surrounded  by  a  very  fer- 
tile territory,  but  unhealthy  for  Europeans.  In  these  set- 
tlements the  natives  are  Christians ;  in   the   interior  the 

great  majority  are  idolaters.     Pop.  100,000. Adj.  and 

iuhab.  Timorese,  tee'mo-reez'. 

Timor  Laut,  te-mor'  lowt  (I'.e.,  "seaward  Timor"), 
an  island  of  the  Mal.ay  Archipelago,  between  lat.  7°  10' 
and  8°  30'  S.,  Ion.  131°  and  131°  40'  E.,  260  miles  E.  of 
Timor.  Length,  100  miles;  greatest  breadth,  about  40  miles. 
The  surface  is  mountainous  and  wooded. 

Tim'pas  Creek^  Colorado,  rises  in  Las  Animas  co., 
runs  northeastward,  and  enters  the  Arkansas  lliver  in  the 
W  jiart  of  Bent  co. 

Timp'son's,  a  station  of  the  New  York  <t  New  Haven 
Railroad  (Harlem  River  Branch),  12  miles  N.E.  of  New 
York. 

Tinaco,  te-ni'ko,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  state  of  Cojedes, 
20  miles  E.  by  N.  of  San  Carlos.     Pop.  6257. 

Tinacoro,  te-n^-ko'ro,  or  Volca'no  Island,  an  un- 
inhabited island  of  the  South  Pacific.  Lat.  10°  23'  S. ;  Ion. 
165°  49'  E.  It  consisU  of  a  cone  about  2000  feet  high. 
Smoke  and  fi.ame  have  been  seen  issuing  from  its  summit, 
and  on  its  S.W.  side  lava  has  been  observed  flowing  down. 

Tin^O,  or  Tiiiaxo,  te-ni'no,  a  town  of  the  Canaries, 
island  of  Lanzarote,  consisting  chiefly  of  scattered  houses, 
with  a  church  and  a  primary  school. 

Tln'cap',  a  village  in  Leeds  co.,  Ontario,  4  miles  from 
Brook ville.     Pop.  200. 

Tinckebrai,  tixsh'bri'  or  t^No'sh^h-bri',  a  town  of 
France,  department  of  Orne,  13  miles  N.N.W.  of  Dom- 
front.  Pop.  2565.  It  has  a  tribunal  of  commerce,  and 
manufactures  of  paper,  edge-tools,  hardware,  serge,  Ac. 

Tin'daleward,  the  largest  of  the  six  wards  of  the  co. 
of  Northumberland,  in  England,  in  the  AV.  of  the  county, 
bordering  Durham  and  Cumberland,  and  separated  N.  from 
Bcotland  by  the  Cheviot  Hills.     Area,  514.660  acres. 

Tindall,  tin'd^l,  a  post-office  of  Grundy  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of 
Trenton. 

Tindare,  tin'di-ri,  or  Tindaro,  tin'di-ro,  a  prom- 
ontory on  the  N.  coast  of  Sicily,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Patti.  A 
little  S.E.  of  it  is  a  church,  standing  among  the  ruins  of 
the  ancient  Ti/n'daria,  the  walls  of  which,  as  well  as  the 
theatre,  can  still  be  traced. 

Tindfield,  or  TindQeld,  tindTySld,  a  mountain- 
range  of  Norway,  lat.  60°  N.,  Ion.  8°  E.,  4871  feet  high. 

'rind'Soe,  tind'so'^h,  a  narrow  lake  of  Norway,  at 
the  S.E.  foot  of  the  above  mountain-range,  IS  miles  in 
length.    At  its  N.  end  is  the  village  of  Tind. 


Tinehely,  tTn-hce'lee,  a  town  of  Ireland,  oo.  of  Wi 
low,  6i  miles  S.W.  of  Aghrim. 

Ting-Choo,  or  Tiiig-Tchou,  ting'choo',  a  city 
China,  in  Shan-Toong.  on  the  Yellow  Sea,  with  a  coiiiu 
dious  harbor.     Lat.  37°  43'  N. 

Tiiig-Choo,  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Fo-Kii 
140  miles  N.W.  of  Amoy. 

Ting-Hai,  ting-hi'c,  or  Ting-IIa'c,  the  cai.i 
city  of  the  island  of  Chusan,  off  the  E.  coast  of  Cliii 
province  of  Che-Kiang,  near  the  S.  const  of  the  island 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Ning-Po.     Lat.  30°  0'  1"  N. ;  Ion.  122° 
E.     It  is  enclosed  by  a  stone  wall,  entered  by  four  doul 
gates,  surrounded  by  a  ditch,  and  connected  by  a  canal  m 
narrow  causeway  with  its  harbor,  }  of  a  mile  distant.    T 
streets  are  narrow  and  irregular,  flagged,  clean,  and  h( 
drained ;  the  houses  are  mostly  of  one  story  ;  the  shops  n 
well  supplied,  and  the  silversmiths  and  tailors  of  the  tow 
enjoy  some  repute.     The  chief  edifice  is  a  fine  temjde,  u\ 
outside  of  the  walls  .are  barracks.     The  harbor  is  shelltri; 
by  many  islets,  and  hiis  deep  water,  but  is  diflieult  of  a) 
proach.     Neighboring  rice-grounds  and  swamps  render  tb 
city  very  unhealthy.     It  was  taken  by  the  British  in  1841 

Tingis,  an  ancient  name  of  Tangieu. 

Tiiig'ley,  a  township  of  Ringgold  co.,  Iowa.   Pop.20;> 

Tingley,  a  post-oflice  of  Union  co.,  Iowa,  10  mile 
S.S.E.  of  Afton. 

Ting-Tchou,  a  city  of  China.    See  Ti\c-Choo. 

Tiiigwick,  Quebec.     See  Saint  Patuick's  Hii.l. 

Tinian,  tee-ne-in',  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  one  of  th 
Ladrono  Islands.  Lat.  15°  2'  N. ;  Ion.  143°  47'  E.  It  i 
noted  for  its  old  ruined  buildings. 

Tinicum,  tin'e-kilm,  a  township  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa, 
Pop.  2401. 

Tinicum,  a  township  of  Delaware  co..  Pa.  Pop.  147! 
TiNicuM  Island,  in  the  Delaware  River,  belongs  to  thi: 
township. 

Tinicum,  a  station  in  Delaware  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Philn-t 
delphia  A  Chester  Branch  of  the  Reading  Railroad,  6  milcu 
N.E.  of  Chester. 

Tinker  Run,  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.    See  Circle vn.Li!. I 

Tink'er's  Creek,  of  Ohio,  flows  into  the  Cuyahogal 
River  about  12  miles  from  Cleveland. 

Tinker's  Knob,  a  post-hamlet  of  Botetourt  co.,  Va., 
about  10  miles  W.  of  Fincastle.     It  has  a  church. 

Tinline's  Corners,  Ontario.    Seo  Evehsley. 

Tinmuuth,  tin'miltb,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  of  | 
Rutland  co.,  V't.,  15  miles  S.  by  AV.  of  Rutland.  The  town-t 
ship  has  5  cheese-factories.     Marble  is  found  here.   P.  581). 

'rinnevelly,  tin-ne-v5l'lee,  a  maritime  district  of 
British  India,  presidency  of  Madras,  at  the  S.  extremity 
of  the  Indian  Peninsula,  having  N.  and  N.W.  the  district 
of  Madura,  W.  Travancore,  and  elsewhere  the  (Julf  of  Ma- 
naar,  separating  it  from  Ceylon.  Area,  5176  square  miles. 
Pop.  1,693,959.  Principal  towns,  Palamcotta,  Tinnevelly, 
and  Tuticorin. 

Tinnevelly,  a  town  in  the  above  district,  immediately  I 
N.AV.  of  Palamcotta,  and  88  miles  S.S.W.  of  Madura.  It 
is  unhealthy,  from  surrounding  rice-grounds.    Pop.  21,ft44. 

Tin'ney's  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ray  co.,  Mo., 
about  28  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chillicothe.     It  has  a  church. 

Tiuo,  tee'no,  or  Tinos,  tee'nos  (anc.  Tc'iioh),  an  island  i 
of  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  one  of  the  Cyclades,  imme-  I 
diately  S.E.  of  Andro,  from  which   it  is  separated  by  »  | 
narrow  channel   called    Bocca   Piccola.     Greatest   length,  | 
about  18  miles ;  mean  breadth,  5  miles.     It  is  one  of  the 
most  agreeable  and  fertile  of  the  Cyclades,  has  an  excellent 
climate,  and  produces  much  barley,  silk,  wine,  figs,  oranges, 
and  honey.     The  mountains  furnish  fine  marble  of  various 
colors,  and  silver-mines  were  once  worked  to  some  extent. 
The  manufactures   consist   chiefly  of  silk  stockings  and 
gloves,  and  the  trade  in  wine,  oil,  and  brandy  is  extensive. 
The   inhabitants   are  very  industrious,  but  superstitious. 
They  have  a  Greek  archbishop,  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop, 
and  a  cathedral  to  which  pilgrimages  are  made.    Chief 
towns,  San  Nicolo,  Panormos,  and  Oxomeria.    Pop.  11,022. 

Tinsley,  tinz'le,  a  post-office  of  McNairy  co.,  Tcnn. 

Tinta,  teen'ti,  a  town  of  Peru,  department  and  60 
miles  S.E.  of  Cuzco,  on  the  Upper  Urubamba. 

Tin'tah,  a  station  in  Traverse  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  St. 
Paul  A  Pacific  Railroad,  22  miles  S.S.E.  of  I'.recken ridge. 

Tint6niac,  teen'tA'ne-ik',  a  town  of  Fruneo,  in  Hie- 
et-Vilaine,  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Rennes.     Pop.  767. 

Tin'tern  Ab'bey,  a  celebrated  ruin  in  England,  co. 
of  Monmouth,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Wye,  4i  miles  N.  of 
Chepstow.     The  abbey  was  founded  in  1131. 

'Tin'to  (the  "  hill  of  fire"),  a  mountain  of  Scotland, 
in  Lanark,  at  the  head  of  Clydesdale,  2316  feet  high. 


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■  Tiii'ton  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J., 
on  11  branch  of  the  Neversink  River,  2  miles  from  Eaton- 
,town  Station,  and  about  7  miles  W.  of  Long  Branch,  It 
has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Tin-Tsili,  a  town  of  China.     See  Tees-Tsin. 

Tiwrn,  or  Tjorn,  te-onn'  or  t'yoRn,  an  island  of  Swe- 
den, 20  miles  N.W.  of  Gothenburg,  in  the  Cattegat.  Length 
and  breadth,  about  10  miles  each.  Its  shores  are  greatly 
indented,  and  its  fishery  is  important.  The  surface  is 
mostly  in  pasturage,  and  on  it  are  3  villages. 

Tio'ga,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  New  York,  borders 
on  Pennsylvania.     Area,  about  450  square  miles.     It  is  in- 

fersected  by  the  Susquehanna  River,  is  bounded  on  the  W. 
y  Cayuta  Creek,  and  is  also  drained  by  Owego  Creek.  The 
arface  is  finely  diversified  with  broad  verdant  hills  and 
.valleys,  some  of  which  are  deep.  Forests  of  the  ash,  beech, 
jelm,  hickory,  oak,  sugar-maple,  and  other  trees  cover  nearly 
'one-third  of  the  county.  The  soil  is  fertile  and  adapted  to 
pasturage.  Butter,  hay,  oats,  Indian  corn,  potatoes,  cattle, 
and  wheat  are  the  staple  products.  Devonian  sandstone  of 
the  Chemung  group  underlies  a  large  part  of  the  soil.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Erie  Railroad,  the  Southern 
Central  Railroad,  and  the  Utica,  Ithaca  <fc  Elmira  Railroad. 
Capital,  Owego.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate, 
^15,(125,923.  Pop.  in  1870,  30,572,  of  whom  28,670  were 
Americans;  in  1875,  31,744;  in  1880,  32,67.3. 

Tioga,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Pennsylvania,  bor- 
dering on  New  York,  has  an  area  of  about  1080  square 
iiiiles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Tioga  River,  which  rises  in  or 
near  it,  and  by  Cowanesque,  Pine,  and  Lycoming  Creeks. 
The  surface  is  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with 
forests  of  pine,  sugar-maple,  oak,  ash,  hickory,  beech,  and 
'other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile  and  adapted  to  pasturage. 
Butter,  hay,  oats,  lumber,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  wheat 
■are  the  staple  products.  Bituminous  coal  is  the  chief  arti- 
cle of  export.  The  quantity  of  coal  mined  in  this  county 
in  1870  was  733,562  tons,  valued  at  $1,114,889.  Old  red 
sandstone  underlies  a  large  part  of  the  surface.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Corning,  Cowanesque  &  Antrim  Railroad  and 
.the  Tioga  Railroad.  Capital,  Wellsborough.  Valuation  of 
real  and  personal  estate,  $34,141,020.  Pop.  in  1870,  35,097, 
of  whom  31,298  were  Americans;  in  1880,  45,814. 

Tioga,  a  post-village  in  Walker  township,  Hancock  co., 
(III.,  about  20  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Quincy.  It  has  2  churches 
■and  a  flouring-mill. 

;  Tioga,  a  township  of  Neosho  co.,  Kansas.  Pop.  1442. 
,It  contains  Chanute. 

;  Tioga,  a  township  of  Tioga  co.,  N.Y.,  is  bounded  on 
'the  S.E.  by  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  intersected  by  the 
jErie  Railroad.  Its  eastern  border  is  contiguous  to  Owego. 
'it  contains  Smithborough  and  Tioga  Centre.  Pop.  3162. 
'  Tioga,  a  station  on  the  Germantown  &  Norristown 
iBranch  of  the  Reading  Railroad,  3i  miles  from  the  initial 
station  in  Philadelphia. 

Tioga,  a  post-borough  in  Tioga  township,  Tioga  co., 
;Pa.,  on  a  river  of  the  s.ame  name,  and  on  the  Corning, 
'Cowanesque  <t  Antrim  Railroad,  22  miles  S.  of  Corning, 
jN.Y.,  and  IS  miles  N.  of  Blossburg.  It  is  also  on  the  Tioga 
'Railroad.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  a 
[banking-house,  5  churches,  and  a  tannery.  Pop.  440  j  of 
the  township,  1074. 

i  Tioga  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Tioga  township,  Tioga 
jco.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  at  Tioga  Station  on 
;the  Erie  Railroad  and  Southern  Central  Railroad,  5i  miles 
S.W.  of  Owego.  It  has  2  churches,  a  union  school,  a  tan- 
inery,  2  steam  saw-mills,  and  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  304. 

■  Tioga  Junction,  a  station  in  Tioga  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
, Tioga  &  Elmira  State  Line  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Tioga. 

Tioga  River  rises  in  Pennsylvania,  near  the  W.  border 
:of  Bradford  co.,  runs  nortliward  in  Tioga  co.,  and  passes 
'into  New  York.  It  unites  with  the  Conhocton  River  in 
i  Steuben  co.,  about  2  miles  N.AV.  of  Corning.  The  stream 
j  formed  by  this  confluence  is  the  Chemung. 

Tioga  Village,  Pennsylvania.    See  Tioga. 

Tioghnioga,  te-5H-ne-aw'ga    (or    Tioughnioga) 

■  River,  New  York,  rises  in  Madison  co.,  and  runs  south- 
,  westward  to  the  village  of  Cortland.  Below  this  place  it 
'  flows  in  a  S.S.E.  direction,  intersects  Broome  co.,  and  enters 
:  the  Chenango  River  at  Chenango  Forks.  It  is  about  75 
I  miles  long. 

I      Tiona,  ti'o-na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co..  Pa.,  in 

Mead  township,  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad,  10 

miles  S.S.E.  of  Warren.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Tionesta,  ti^on-es'ta,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Forest 

:  CO.,  Pa.,  in  Tionesta  township,  on  the  Alleghany  River, 

I  at  the  mouth  of  Tionesta  Creek,   and  on  the  Pittsburg, 

i  Titusville  <fc  Buffalo  Railroad,  20  miles  above  Oil  City,  and 


15  miles  S.  of  Tidioute.  It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  3. 
churches,  a  banking-house,  and  manufactures  of  bricks, 
lumber,  and  staves.  Pop.  320  ;  of  the  township,  450.  Pe- 
troleum is  obtained  in  this  township. 

Tionesta  (or  Teonista)  Creek,  Pennsylvania, 
drains  ])art  of  Warren  co.,  runs  in  a  W.S.AV.  direction,  and 
enters  the  Alleghany  River  in  Forest  co.,  at  Tionesta. 

Tio'nus,  a  post-office  of  Bibb  co.,  Ala.,  about  50  miles 
N.  of  Selma. 

Tioomen,  Tionmen,  or  Tinmen,  te-oo'mSn',  » 
town  of  Siberia,  government  and  120  miles  S.W.  of  Tobolsk, 
on  both  sides  of  the  Toora.  Pop.  15,512.  It  has  numeroua 
churches,  a  public  school,  and  factories  of  Russia  leather, 
woollen  fabrics,  and  soap;  and  around  it  much  coarse  car- 
peting, carriages,  mats,  and  woollen  articles  are  made. 
Standing  at  the  junction  of  several  great  routes,  it  has  an 
active  export  trade  in  tallow  and  bristles  into  Russia,  and 
of  Russian  and  other  goods  to  the  Kirgheez  territory  and 
Bokhara.  It  is  also  a  depot  for  the  commerce  between 
Russia  and  China.  Tioomen  was  founded  in  1586,  and  is' 
the  oldest  town  in  Siberia. 

Tioron'da,  a  station  in  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  on  tb* 
Dutchess  &  Columbia  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Newburg. 

Tiusa,  ti-o'sa,  a  post-office  of  Fulton  co.,  Ind.,  on  tho 
Indianapolis,  Peru  &  Chicago  Railroad,  5i  miles  N.  of 
Rochester. 

Tiotoe,  te-o'to'5h,   an   island  off  the  N.W.  coast  of 
Nordland,  Norway,  lat.  65°  50'  N.     It  is  inhabited. 
Tioughnioga  River.    See  Tioghnioga  Riveb. 
Tiparenus.    See  Spez/.ia. 

Tip'erah,  or  Tip'perah  (native,  Tripdrn),  a  dis- 
trict of  Bengal.  Lat.  23°-24°  16'  N. ;  Ion.  90°  36'-91°  39' 
E.  Area,  2624  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  N.  partly  by 
Assam,  and  E.  by  Hill  Tiperah.  It  is  mostly  an  alluvial, 
plain,  traversed  by  many  water-courses,  communicating  on 
the  W.  with  the  river  Megna.  Capital,  Comillab.  Pop.  in 
1875,  1,522,228. 

Tipitapa,  te-pe-ti'pl,  a  river  of  Nicaragua,  by  which 
the  Lake  of  Leon  discharges  its  surplus  w.aters  into  Lake 
Nicaragua.  Length,  from  16  to  20  miles,  for  the  latter  12 
of  which  it  is  from  3  to  18  feet  deep,  and  navigable;  but  iu 
the  early  part  of  its  course  its  navigation  is  impeded  by 
falls,  one  of  which  is  near  tho  villiige  of  Tipitapa. 

Tip'lersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tippah  co..  Miss.,  on 
the  Ripley  Railroad,  about  22  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Corinth. 

Tip'pah,  a  county  in  tho  N.  part  of  Mississippi,  bor- 
dering on  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of  about  440  square  miles. 
It  is  drained  by  the  Hatchie  River,  the  Tallahatcheo  River, 
which  rises  in  it,  and  Tippah  Creek.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating or  moderately  diversified,  and  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests  of  tho  beech,  hickory,  oak,  pine,  magnolia, 
black  walnut,  Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
cattle,  lumber,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  It  is  partly  trav- 
ersed by  the  Ripley  Railroad.  Capital,  Ripley.  Valuation 
of  real  and  personal  estate,  $6,272,817.  Pop.  in  1870, 
20,727,  of  whom  20,681  were  Americans;  in  1880,  12,867. 
Tippah  Creek,  Mississippi,  rises  in  Tippah  co.,  runs 
southwcstward  through  Benton  co.,  and  enters  tho  Talla- 
hatchee  River  about  18  miles  S.  of  Holly  Springs. 

Tippecanoe,  tip'pe-ka-noo',  a  county  in  the  AV.N.W. 
part  of  Indiana,  has  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  tho  Wabash  River,  and  also  drained  by 
the  Wild  Cat  and  tho  Tippecanoe  River,  which  enters  the 
Wabash  in  the  N.E.  part  of  the  county.  Tho  surface  is 
undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies 
and  forests  of  the  oak,  ash,  hickory,  sugar-maple,  and  other 
trees.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay, 
cattle,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
is  intersected  by  the  Wab.ash  it  Erie  Canal  and  3  railroads, 
— the  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chic.igo,  the  Wabasli,  and 
the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  &  Lafayette.  Capital,  La- 
fa  j-ette.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $45,000,000. 
Pop.  in  1870,  33,515;  in  1880,  35,966.  _  . 

"Tippecanoe,  a  township  of  Carroll  CO.,  Ind.  P.  1109. 
Tippecanoe,  township,  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.  P.  1236. 
Tippecanoe,  township,  Marshall  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1165. 
Tippecanoe,  township,  Pul.aski  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  833. 
Tippecanoe,  township,  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind.  P.  2274.  , 
Tippecanoe,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
1407,  exclusive  of  Rome. 

Tippecanoe,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  0.,  on 
Stillwater  Creek,  10  miles  S.  of  Dennison,  and  about  40 
miles  S.  of  Canton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Tippecanoe,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co..  Pa.,  about  4 
miles  E.  of  Brownsville. 

Tippecanoe  City,  a  post-village  in  Monroe  township, 
Miami  co.,  0.,  on  the  W,  bank  of  the  Miami  River,  and  oa 


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fii«  Dayton  &  Michigan  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of  Dayton, 
And  14  luilos  S.  of  Piqua.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  high 
school,  a  newspaper  omoe,  2  flouring- mills,  an  oil-mill,  a 
distillery,  and  manufactures  of  sash,  &o.  P.  (1S80)  1401. 
'  Tippecanoe  River,  Indiana,  rises  near  the  Vf.  bor- 
aer  of  Noble  co.,  and  runs  first  in  a  W.S.W.  direction.  It 
intersects  the  cos.  of  Kosciusko,  Fulton,  and  Pulaski. 
Finally  it  flows  southward  through  White  Co.,  and  enters 
the  Wabash  River  about  10  miles  above  Lafayette.  It  is 
nearly  200  miles  long. 

Tippecanoetown,  tip*pe-kg,-noo't6wn,  a  post-ham- 
]'ot  of  Marshall  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Tippecanoe  River,  5  miles 
8.  of  Bourbon,  and  about  35  m.les  S.  of  South  Bend.  It 
has  a  flour-mill,  a  planing-raill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Tipperahf  a  district  of  Bengal.    See  Tipgrar. 

Tipperary,  tip-9r-&'ree,  a  county  of  Ireland,  in  Man- 
gier, extending  along  the  W.  boundary  of  Leinster,  and 
iting's,  Queen's,  and  Kilkenny  cos.,  having  N.  and  N.W. 
the  Shannon  and  Lough  Derg,  separating  it  from  Con- 
liaught,  the  co.  of  Galway,  and  the  co.  of  Clare ;  and  on 
other  sides  the  cos.  of  Limerick,  Cork,  and  Waterford. 
Area,  1659  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1841,  435,553;  in  1881, 
199,612.  It  is  watered  by  the  river  Suir,  and  contains  a 
part  of  the  great  Bog  of  Allen ;  elsewhere  tbe  soil  is  fertile, 
yielding  large  crops  of  wheat,  oats,  and  potatoes.  The 
farms  are  generally  small,  and  the  population  is  much  de- 
pl-esscd  and  rapidly  decreasing.  Grazing  is  important ; 
large  quantities  of  butter  and  other  dairy  produce,  with 
cattle,  are  exported.  Coal,  copper,  and  lead  are  met  with, 
and  slates  near  Killaloe.  The  principal  exports  are  the 
rural  products.  Principal  towns,  Tippcrary,  Clonmel,  Ne- 
nagh,  Cashel,  Templemore,  Thurles,  Clogheen,  and  Carrick- 
on-Suir.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Great  Southern  &  Western 
Railway  and  several  branches.  It  sends  two  members  to 
the  House  of  Commons. 

Tipperary,  a  town  of  Ireland,  capital  of  the  above 
county,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Suir,  and  on  the  Waterford 
Railway,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Limerick.  Pop.  5638.  It  has  a 
large  and  handsome  church,  a  spacious  Roman  Catholic 
chapel,  sessions-house,  bridewell,  workhouse,  hospital,  bar- 
racks, savings-bank,  a  large  endowed  school,  and  an  active 
retail  trade. 

Tippinville,  Kansas.    See  North  Cedar. 
'  Tipp's  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Pawnee  co.,  Neb. 

Tipra,  a  district  of  India.    See  Tiperah. 

Tipsa,  tip'8&,  or  Tibesa,  tib'^-sjl,  a  town  of  Algeria, 
province  and  115  miles  E.S.E.  of  Constantino. 
•  Tip'ton,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Stafford,  on  the 
I?irmingham  <t  Liverpool  Canal,  which  has  here  many 
bVanchos,  8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Birmingham.  Pop.  29,445, 
engaged  in  coal-  and  iron-mines,  iron-forges,  rolling-  and 
elitting-mills,  and  engine-,  soap-,  and  red-lead-factories.  It 
has  a  handsome  church  and  numerous  chapels  and  schools, 
atad  at  Tipton  Green  are  extensive  wharves. 
■  Tip'ton,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Indiana, 
has  an  area  of  about  260  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  Wild  Cat  River  and  Cicero  Creek,  both  of  which  rise  in 
it.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered 
with  forests  of  hard  timber.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian 
com,  wheat,  cattle,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  3  railroads, — the  Lafayette, 
Muncio  &  Bloomington,  the  Indianapolis,  Peru  &  Chicago, 
and  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  A  St.  Louis.  Capital,  Tip- 
ton. Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $4,000,000. 
Pop.  in  1870,  11,953;  in  1880.  14.407. 

Tipton,  a  county  of  West  Tennessee,  bordering  on 
Arkansas,  has  an  area  of  about  430  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Hatchie  River,  and  on  the  W.  by 
the  Mississippi  River.  The  surface  is  level,  and  nearly 
one-third  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  gum, 
hickory,  poplar-  or  tulip-tree,  and  cypress.  The  soil  is 
ffertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  sta- 
ple products.  The  Louisville  &  Memphis  Railroad  passes 
through  the  S.E.  part  of  this  county,  which  is  also  trav- 
ersed by  the  Memphis  &  Paducah  Railroad.  Capital,  Cov- 
ington. Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $3,094,749. 
Pop.  in  1870,  14,884;  in  1880,  21,033. 
"  Tipton,  a  post-office  of  Tulare  co.,  Cal.,  on  a  branch 
of  tbe  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  177  miles  S.S.E.  of  Stock- 
ton. 
'  Tipton,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1808. 

Tipton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Tipton  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Cicero  township,  on  Cicero  Creek,  and  on  the  Indianapolis, 
Peru  A  Chicago  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Lafayette, 
Muncie  A  Bloomington  Railroad,  35  miles  W.  of  Muncie, 
39  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Indianapolis,  and  15  miles  S.  of  Ko- 
komo.     It  contains  a  court-house,  2  banks,  2  newspaper 


offices,  4  churches,  and  a  seminary,  and  has  manufactu) 
of  sash,  doors,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  1250. 

Tipton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cedar  co.,  lown, 
Centre  township,  on  the  Stanwood  A  Tipton  Railroad,  iibn 
27  miles  N.  of  Muscatine,  and  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Im 
City.  It  contains  8  churches,  2  newspnper  offices,  2  bnn 
ing-houses,  a  gnided  school,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  oarrin- 
factory.     Pop.  1243. 

Tipton,  a  township  of  Hardin  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  46-1. 

Tipton,  a  post-village  in  Franklin  township,  Lenaw. 
CO.,  Mich.,  6  miles  W.  of  Tocumseh.     It  has  2  churches. 

Tipton,  a  post-village  in  Willow  Fork  township,  Moi 
iteau  C('.,  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  at  i 
junction  with  the  Boonville  Branch,  162  miles  W,  of  6 
Louis,  S7  miles  E.  of  Sodalia,  and  25  miles  S.  of  Boonvill 
It  has  0  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  4  churches.  Coal  i 
found  near  it.     Pop.  about  lUOO. 

Tipton,  a  post-village  of  Blair  co..  Pa.,  in  Antis  towr 
ship,  oi>  the  Little  Juniata  River  and  the  Pcnnsylvnni 
Railroad,  10}  miles  N.N.E.  of  Altoona.  It  has  3  cburchc! 
and  2  flour-mills.  j 

Tiptoii,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tipton  co.,  Tenn..  on  the  P? 
ducah  A  Memphis  Railroad,  23  miles  N.E.  of  Memphis. 

Tipton,  a  station  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  . 
miles  W.  of  Rawlins,  Wyoming. 

Tipton  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Hardin  co.,  Iowa,abou 
30  miles  N.W.  of  Marsnalltown. 

Tiptonville,  or  Tippinville.    See  North  Cedar. 

Tiptonville,  a  post-office  of  Mora  co..  New  Mexico. 

Tiptonville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lake  co.,  Tenn.i 
on  tbe  Mississippi  River,  about  76  miles  S.W.  of  Paducab 
and  VO  miles  below  Cairo,  111.  It  has  3  churches  and  ai 
acad'imy. 

Tip  Top,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Hardin  co.,  Ky. 
on  t)ie  Paducah  A  Elizabethtown  Railroad,  27  miles  8£.W 
of  louisville. 

Tip  Top  Mine,  a  post-office  of  Yavapai  co.,  Arlxonw 

Tip'town,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co..  III.,  on  the  Cain 
A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Waterloo. 

Tipuani,  te-poo-&-nee',  a  village  of  Bolivia,  near  Le 
Paz,  on  a  stream  of  its  own  name.  It  consists  of  bouse* 
formed  of  the  trunks  of  palm-trees,  and  is  a  dirty  place.  Il 
rose  in  consequence  of  important  mines,  now  exhausted,    i 

Tiputini,  te-poo-te-nee',  a  river  of  Ecuador,  wbicU 
rises  about  lat.  1°  30'  S.,  Ion.  76°  30'  W.,  flows  E.,  and 
joins  the  Nnpo.     Length,  80  miles. 

Tira,  tee'ri,  or  Shal^ehanpoor,  shih-je-hln'poor', 
a  town  of  the  Punjab,  on  the  Beas,  75  miles  N.N.E.  of  LooJ 
dianah. 

Tirajana,  or  Tiraxana,  te-rll-H&'ni,  a  town  of  tha 
Canaries,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Gran  Canaria. 

Tiran,  teeVin',  a  small  island  in  the  Red  Sea,  at  th« 
entrance  of  the  Gulf  of  Akabah.  Lat.  27°  55'  2"  N.;  Ion. 
34°  34'  E. 

Tirana,  tee-ri'nl,  or  Terran,  t8rV&n',  a  town  ofj 
European  Turkey,  in  Albania,  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  Kroys.  i 
Pop.  10,000.  Outside  of  the  walls  is  a  fort,  the  residence 
of  a  pasha.  The  vicinity  produces  large  quantities  of  corn, 
wine,  and  olives.  i 

Tirano,  te-ri'no,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  province! 
and  16  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Sondrio,  in  the  Valtellina,  on  the 
Adda.  It  is  a  handsome  place,  with  a  number  of  elegant 
mansions  and  superior  courts  of  justice,  and  a  sanctu.iry 
of  the  Virgin,  which  attracts  numerous  pilgrims.    P.  2672. 

Tiraspol,  te-ris'pol,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of 
.Kherson,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Dniester,  53  miles  N.W. , 
of  Odessa.     Pop.  22,747.     About  half  a  mile  distant  ii  k 
fort  commanding  the  passage  of  the  river. 

Tiraxana,  a  town  of  the  Canaries.    See  Tirajana. 

Tireboli,  or  Tirehboli,  te-rfib'o-le  (anc.  Trip'olU), 
a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  60  miles  W.  of  Trebizond,  on  the 
Black  Sea,  about  3  miles  W.  of  the  mouth  of  the  Tireboli- 
Soo.  It  has  a  ruined  castle,  several  mosques,  a  bath,  and  a 
Greek  church. 

Tircboli-Soo,  or  Tireboli-Sn,  te-r6b'o-le-soo,  » 
deep  and  rapid  river  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  passes  W.N.W.  of 
Goomisb-Khaneh.  It  has  at  its  mouth  some  silver-  and 
copper-mines,  which  were  once  highly  productive. 

'Tiree,  tir-ee',  or  Tir'ree',  also  written  Tirrey,  Tiry, 
and  Tyree,  one  of  the  Inner  Hebrides,  Scotland,  co.  of 
Argyle,  of  which  it  is  the  westernmost  portion,  20  miles 
W.N.W.  of  lona.  Length,  12  miles;  greatest  breadth,  6 
miles.  Lat.  56°  30'  N.;  Ion.  7°  W.  Pop.  2834.  It  is  quite 
destitute  of  wood,  and  contains  numerous  small  lakes  and 
some  rich  pasture-land.  Barley,  oats,  and  potatoes  are 
raised,  but  cattle-rearing,  fishing,  and  the  export  of  poultrj 
and  eggs  are  the  chief  resources  of  the  population. 


TIR 


2623 


TIT 


I  Tireh,  Asia  Minor.    See  Tyria. 

'  Tirehboli,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Tireboli. 

Tirgoschyl,  Tirgochil,  or  Tirgoschil,  tgSr'go- 
heel\  also  written  Targu- Jiul,  a  town  of  Roumania,  on 
be  Schyl,  54  miles  N.W.  of  Krajova.     Pop.  3285. 
;  Tirgu-Forraoss,  tSer^goo'-for'mos,  or  Tdrgu-Fo- 
uinossu,  tar'goo-fo*roo-mo8-80o',  a  town  of  Roumania, 

0  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Yassy.     Pop.  4215. 
'  Tirhala,  Turkey.    See  Trikhala. 

i  Tlrhee,  tlr^hee',  or  Oor'cha,  a  rajahship  of  India,  in 
iundelcund,  under  British  protection.  Area,  2160  square 
niles.     Pop.  192,000. 

!  Tirhoot,  tir^hoot',  or  Tarut,  ti-root',  an  island  in  the 
'ersian  Gulf,  opposite  El  Katif. 

,  Tirhoot,  or  Tirhut,  tir'hoot',  a  region  of  Bengal,  in 
iahar,  formerly  a  district,  but  now  divided  into  the  dis- 
••icts  of  Mozufferpoor  and  Durbungah.  Area,  6343  square 
jiles.     Pop.  4,384,706, 

i  Tiriolo,  te-re-o'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  N.W. 
if  Catanzaro,  between  the  Coraci  and  the  Lamato.  P.  3581. 
'  Tirlemont,  teeRrm6N°'  (Flemish,  Thienen  or  Tienen, 
pe'n§n ;  L.  The'nse),  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Brabant,  on 
pe  Grande-Geete  and  the  railway  from  Louvain  to  Liege, 
j5  miles  E.  of  Brussels.  It  is  surrounded  by  walls,  is  en- 
pred  by  six  gates,  and  has  generally  well  laid-out  streets, 
everal  squares,  including  the  market-square,  near  the  cen- 
t-o  of  the  town,  in  which  are  the  town  house  and  the  Gothic 
hurch  of  Notre  Dame.  On  the  top  of  a  little  hill  stands 
,ie  parish  church  of  St.  Germain.  There  are  also  a  hos- 
ntal  and  asylum  for  the  aged,  and  excellent  cavalry  bar- 
acks.  Tirlemont  possesses  a  college,  an  academy  of  de- 
ign, communal  and  private  schools,  an  orphan  society,  and 
(lanufactures  of  woollen  stuffs  and  blankets,  flannel  and 
bsiery,  salt,  beet-root  sugar,  soap,  and  leather;  also  malt-, 
5l-,  and  flour-mills,  gin-distilleries,  and  breweries,  and  a 
rade  in  corn,  wool,  horned  cattle,  and  swine,  for  which  7 
nnual  fairs  are  held.  Pop.  12,354,  It  was  taken  by  the 
rench  in  1635,  in  1792,  and  in  1794,  and  its  fortifications 
ere  dismantled  in  1804. 
Tirlunschien,  Transylvania.    See  Tatrano. 

1  Tirmez,  tir^mfiz',  or  Turmuz,  tiir*miiz',  a  town  of 
sia,  in  Bokhara,  on  the  Amoo-Darya,  30  miles  N.  of  Balkh. 
,  Tirnova,  t6er'no-vi,  written  also  Ternova  or  Tir- 
;ava,  tcer'ni-vi,  a  town,  formerly  the  capital  of  Bulgaria, 
1  the  Jantra,  a  tributary  of  the  Danube,  35  miles  S.E.  of 
^Lstova.  It  is  enclosed  by  a  wall  and  trench,  has  numerous 
josques,  churches,  and  synagogues,  and  is  the  see  of  a 
ireek  bishop.     Pop.  15,000. 

'  Ti'ro,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  0.,  in  Auburn 
jwnship,  on  the  Northwestern  Ohio  Railroad,  at  De  Kalb 
■.ation,  17  miles  N.W,  of  Mansfield.  It  has  2  churches  and 
jout  20  houses. 
■  Tirol,  a  crown-land  of  Au?tro-IIungary.    See  Tyrol. 

Tirree,  an  island  of  the  Hebrides.    See  Tiree, 
iTirschenreuth,  t,lR'sh§n-roit\  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on 
)ie  Naab,  15  miles  S.  of  Eger,   Pop.  2559.    It  has  manufac- 
|;res  of  woollen  cloths, 

^Tirsi,  tlR'see  or  teeR'see,  or  Oristano,  o-ris-t&'no 
inc.  Thijr'tu*  ?),  the  largest  river  in  the  island  of  Sardinia, 
'^es  in  the  division  of  Sassari,  flows  S.W.,  and,  after  a 
^urse  of  about  80  miles,  falls  into  the  gulf  about  3  miles 
ylow  the  town  of  Oristano,  In  winter  it  is  subject  to  in- 
■idations,  from  which  large  tracts  are  protected  by  means 
*  expensive  embankments. 

Tiry,  an  island  of  the  Hebrides,    See  Tiree. 

Ti'ryns,  or  Tiryn'thus,  a  ruined  city  of  Greece,  in 

e  Morea ;  its  remains,  2  miles  S.E.  of  Argos,  comprise 
;ie  specimens  of  cyclopean  architecture. 
I  Tir'zah,  a  post-office  of  York  co.,  S.C,  6  miles  E.  of 
orkville. 

Tisbury,  tlz'b§r-e,  a  township  of  Dukes  co.,  Mass.,  on 

artha's  Vineyard,  contains  Vineyard  Haven.  Pop.  1525, 
;Tisch  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Manitowoc  co.,  Wis. 

TisclinoAvitz,  tish'no-vits*,  a  town   of  Moravia,  15 

iles  N.W.  of  Briinn,  on  the  Schwarza.     Pop.  3037. 

Tisdale,  tiz'dale,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Cow- 
y  CO.,  Kansas,  about  50  miles  S.E.  of  Wichita. 

Tisheet,  tee^sheet',  written  also  Tyschyt,  a  town  of 
,frica,  in  Sahara,  about  lat.  18°  15'   N.,  Ion.  8°  40'  W. 

ear  it  are  mines  of  salt;  and  it  is  an  important  caravan- 
ation  between  North  Africa  and  Soodan. 
,  Tishemingo,  tish-9-ming'go,  or  Tishomingo, 
sh*o-ming'go,  the  northeasternmost  county  of  Mississippi, 
■jrders  on  Alabama.  Area,  about  500  square  miles.  It  is 
]>unded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Tennessee  River,  and  is  drained 
'^  Bear  Creek  and  one  of  the  head-streams  of  the  Tom- 
igbee  River,    The  surface  is  diversified  by  low  hills  or 


ridges,  and  more  than  one-third  of  it  is  covered  with  for- 
ests of  oak,  hickory,  beech,  walnut,  and  other  trees.  Tha 
soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  aro 
the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  tho 
Memphis  k  Charleston  Railroad.  Capital,  luka.  Valua- 
tion of  real  and  personal  estate,  $4,619,062.  Pop.  in  1870, 
7350,  of  whom  7323  were  Americans;  in  1880,  8774. 

Tishomingo,  a  post-office  of  the  Chickasaw  Nation, 
Indian  Territory. 

Tiskilwa,  tis'kil-wah,  a  post-village  of  Bureau  co., 
111.,  on  Bnreau  Creek,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  & 
Pacific  Railroad,  23  miles  W.  of  La  Salle,  and  about  7 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Princeton.  It  has  a  bank,  a  graded  school, 
and  4  churches.  Coal  is  mined  here.  Pop.  761.  It  is 
partly  in  Arispe  township  and  partly  in  Indian  Town. 

Tismnna,  tis-m&'ni,  a  town  of  Roumania,  20  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Tirgoschyl. 

Tisted,  a  town  of  Denmark.    See  Thisted. 

Ti  Street,  a  hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  2i  miles  fron» 
Addison  Junction. 

Tisza,  a  river  of  Hungary.    See  Theiss. 

Tisza-Fiired,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  FUred. 

Tiszoicz,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Teissholz, 

Titchfield.    See  TicnriELD-wiTH-CnoFTON. 

Titery,  a  lake  of  Algeria.    See  Tittkri. 

Titicaca  (te-te-ki'ki).  Lake,  the  most  elevated  and 
one  of  the  largest  of  the  lakes  of  South  America,  forming  a 
part  of  the  boundary  between  South  Peru  and  Bolivia,  in 
the  centre  of  an  alpine  valley,  between  two  great  cordilleraa 
of  the  Andes.  Lat.  15°  15'  to  16°  35'  S.;  Ion.  68°  40'  to 
70°  W. ;  greatest  length,  from  N.N.W.  to  S.S.E.,  170  miles ; 
greatest  breadth,  about  70  miles.  Area,  estimated  at  about 
4000  square  miles.  Height  above  sea-level,  12,900  feet. 
It  is  of  very  irregular  shape,  having  numerous  large  bays, 
enclosed  by  projecting  peninsulas.  Two  of  these,  towards 
the  S.,  stretch  so  far  across  the  lake,  from  opposite  direc- 
tions, as  to  leave  only  a  very  narrow  channel  and  thus 
divide  it  into  two  unequal  portions,  of  which  the  N.  is  by 
far  the  larger.  Lake  "riticaca  contains  several  islands,  of 
which  the  largest  bears  its  own  name  and  lies  near  the 
S.W.  shore.  It  contains  many  ruins,  and  is  celebrated  in 
Peruvian  history  as  the  spot  where  Manco  Capac,  the  first  ' 
Inca  of  the  last  Peruvian  dynasty,  miraculously  appeared. 
The  chief  feeders  of  the  lake  are  the  Asangaro  and  Lagu- 
nillas,  both  of  which  enter  it  on  its  N.  shore.  Its  only  out- 
let is  the  Desaguadero,  which  issues  from  its  S.  extremity, 
and  continues  its  course  S.W.  through  the  great  alpine 
valley  between  the  Cordilleras  to  Lake  Aullagas.  On  its  W. 
shore  are  the  towns  of  Puno  and  Chucuito. 

Titicut,  Massachusetts.     See  North  Middleborouoh. 

Titiribi,  te-te-re-Bee',  a  town  of  the  United  States  of 
Colombia,  state  of  Cundinamarca,  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  Antio-  , 
quia,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Magdalena,  nearly  4000  feet 
above  sea-level. 

Titius,  the  supposed  ancient  name  of  Kerka, 

Tit'lis,  a  mountain  of  Switzerland,  cantons  of  Bern, 
Unterwalden,  and  Uri,  10,627  feet  high.  It  is  often  as- 
cended by  tourists,  and  the  view  from  its  top  is  one  of  the 
finest  in  Europe. 

Titschein,  Neh,  Moravia.    See  Neutitschein. 

TitHabawas'see,  a  village  in  Tittabawassee  town- 
ship, Saginaw  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Tittabawassee  River.  It 
is  at  Freeland  Station  on  the  Flint  <fc  Pere  Marquette  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  N.W.  of  East  Saginaw.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
graded  school,  and  3  stores.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is 
Freeland.     Pop.  in  1880,  203;  of  the  township,  1506. 

TittabaAvassee  Junction.    See  Painesville. 

Tittabawassee  (or  Tittibawassee)  River, 
Michigan,  is  formed  by  the  Chippewa,  Pine,  and  Tobacco 
Rivers,  which  unite  in  Midland  co.  It  runs  southeast- 
ward, and  enters  the  Saginaw  River  about  3  miles  above 
Saginaw  City.     The  main  stream  is  nearly  30  miles  long, 

Tittel,  tiOtSl',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Bdcs,  near 
the  confluence  of  the  Theiss  with  the  Danube,  18  miles  E. 
of  Peterwardein.  Pop.  2700.  It  is  a  steamboat-station, 
and  has  ship-building  docks,  magazines,  and  arsenals. 

Titteri,  or  Titery,  tit'§h-ree*,  a  marshy  lake  of  Al- 
geria, 80  miles  S.S.W.  of  Algiers,  and  traversed  by  the 
river  Shelliff. 

Tittlis,  one  of  the  Swiss  Alps.    See  Titlis. 

Ti'tus,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area 
of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
Sulphur  Fork  of  Red  River,  and  on  the  S.  by  Big  Cypress 
Bayou,  and  is  drained  by  White  Oak  Creek.  The  surface 
is  undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  foresta 
of  the  oak,  hickory,  cypress,  ash,  pecan,  and  other  trees. 
The  soil  is  fertile.    Cotton,  Indian  corn,  eattle,  and  porlt 


TIT 


2624 


TiMO 


ftra  tho  staple  products.  In  1870  this  county  hnd  217,123 
aercs  of  woodland.  Capital,  Mount  IMcnsnnt.  Valuation 
of  roal  and  porsonnl  estate,  $1,242,203.  Pop.  in  1870, 
ll,.'i31>,  of  whom  11,305  were  natives ;  in  18S0,  &U59. 

Ti'tnsville«  a  post-hamlet  of  Volusia  oo.,  Fla.,  on  In- 
dUm  Ki  trer,  1 50  uiilee  S.  of  St.  Augustine.  It  bos  a.  church. 
It  is  on  the  Titusvillo  A  Salt  Lake  Railroad. 

Titusvillet  a  nost-hamiet  of  Ilipley  co.,  Ind.,  about  20 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Aladison.     It  has  a  church. 

TitusvillCf  a  post-village  in  Hopewell  township,  Mer- 
cer 00.,  N.J.,  on  the  Delaware  Uiver,  and  on  the  lielvidcre 
Delaware  llailroad,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Trenton.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Titusville,  a  village  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  in  La 
Grango  township,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Poughkeepsie.  It  has  a 
woollen-factory. 

Titusville)  a  hamlet  in  Malono  township,  Franklin 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Salmon  River,  8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Malone.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Titusville,  a  city  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  is  situated  on 
Oil  Creek,  and  on  the  Oil  Creek  &  Alleghany  Kiver  Rail- 
road, at  the  terminus  of  the  Dunkirk  &  Alleghany  Valley 
and  Union  &,  Titusvillo  Rivilroads,  90  miles  S.  of  Dunkirk, 
18  miles  N.  of  Oil  City,  27  miles  S.  of  Corry,  and  about  25 
miles  E.  of  Meadville.  It  was  in  1870  tho  most  populous 
town  in  the  county.  It  contains  9  churches,  a  national 
bank,  2  or  3  other  banks,  an  opera-house,  a  high  school,  a 
good  hotel,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  2  daily  and 
several  weekly  newspapers.  It  has  several  oil-wells,  oil- 
refineries,  steam  saw-mills,  large  iron-works  which  pro- 
duce engines,  boilers,  tubes,  <to.,  and  manufactures  of  bar- 
rels, wagons,  and  tools  for  oil-wells.  Titusvillo  is  lighted 
with  gas,  and  supplied  with  pure  water  by  the  Holly  sys- 
tem. It  is  one  of  the  principal  towns  of  the  oil  regions. 
Pop.  in  1880,  9046. 

Ti'tusville,  a  post-vilLage  in  Kings  co.,  New  Bruns- 
wick, 7  miles  from  Hampton.     Pop.  100. 

Tityrus  Promontorium.    See  Cape  Spada. 

Tiumen,  a  town  of  Siberia.    See  Tioomen. 

Tiverno,  a  river  of  Italy.     See  Bifekno. 

Tiv'erton,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Devon,  on 
both  sides  of  the  Exo  and  Loman,  at  their  confluence,  and 
on  the  Bristol  A  Exeter  Railway,  13J  miles  N.N.E.  of  Exeter. 
Pop.  7552.  The  town  has  a  line  church,  with  a  tower  116 
feet  in  height,  the  remains  of  a  castle,  a  magnificent 
chapel,  a  grammar-school,  other  endowed  schools,  various 
almshouses  and  other  charities,  a  town  hall,  market-house, 
corn-market,  theatre,  and  assembly-  and  reading-room.  It 
has  manufactures  of  lace,  which  employ  many  hands,  and 
there  is  a  small  manufacture  of  woollens.  Tiverton  is  con- 
nected with  the  Tone,  Taunton,  &c.,  by  a  canal.  It  sends 
two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Tiv'erton,  a  township  of  Coshocton  co,,  0.     Pop.  804. 

Tiverton,  a  post-village  of  Newport  co.,  R.I.,  in  Tiv- 
erton township,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Narragansett  Bay,  near 
the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  13  miles  N.N.E.  of  Newport,  and 
6  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Fall  River.  It  contains  4  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1880,  2505. 

Tiverton,  Nova  Scotia.    See  Petite  Passage. 

Tiv'erton,  a  post-village  in  Bruce  co.,  Ontario,  20  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Saugeen.  It  contains  a  carding-mill,  woollen- 
mill,  flouring-mill,  saw-mill,  2  hotels,  3  churches,  and  3 
Ktores.     Pop.  250. 

Tiverton  Centre,  a  hamlet  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.,  in 
Tiverton  township,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Gann  Station.  It  has  a 
church.     Here  is  Yankee  Ridge  Post-Office. 

Tiverton  Four  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  in  Tiverton 
township,  Newport  co.,  R.I.,  about  10  miles  N.E.  of  New- 
|>ort.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufiiotures  of  carriages  and 
fish  oil.     It  is  surrounded  by  attractive  scenery.     P.  125. 

Tivisa,  te-vee'si,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  26 
miles  W.  of  Tarragona.     Pop.  2354. 

Tivoli,  tiv'o-lo  or  tee'vo-le  (ane.  Ti'btir),  a  town  of 
Italy,  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rome,  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
Teverone,  which  here  forms  a  fine  cascade  of  80  feet.  Pop. 
7730.  Tho  town  is  on  the  slope  of  Monte  Ripoli,  in  a 
beautiful  situation,  but  it  is  dirty,  ill  built,  and  unhealthy. 
It  has  a  cathedral  and  convents,  and  in  the  court-yard  of 
an  inn,  on  a  rook  overhanging  the  river,  are  the  celebrated 
remains  of  a  circular  temple  of  the  Tibertine  Sibyl,  or  of 
Vesta.  Around  Tivoli  are  the  remains  of  several  aque- 
ducts, and  of  numerous  Roman  villas,  among  which  is  that 
of  Cassius ;  and  adjacent  to  the  town  are  the  vestiges  of  a 
vast  palace  built  by  Hadrian,  which  has  contributed  numer- 
ons  antiquities  to  the  Vatican. 

Tivoli,  tiv'o-le  or  ti-vo'lee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dubuque 
•0.,  Iowa,  about  20  miles  W.  of  Dubuque. 


Tivoli,  a  post-hamlet  of  Blue  Eorth  oo.,  Minn.  la 
Mankiito  township,  on  the  Le  Sueur  River,  2^  uIIm  from 
Eagle  Lake  Station. 

Tivoli,  tt  post-villngc  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  in  1 
Hook  township,  on  the  lluilson  River,  and  on  the  11  n 
River  Railroad,  14  n>ilcs  below  tho  city  of  Hudson,  m 
miles  N.  of  New  York.  It  contains  o  churclies.  A  ^ 
ferry  connects  it  with  Saugertics,  which  is  nearly  opi 
Tivoli.  Madalin,  a  post-village,  1  mile  from  tliu  river  ims 
been  incorporated  with  Tivoli.     Pop.  in  1880,  1254. 

Tivoli,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lycoming  co.,  I'a.,  on  Muncr 
Creek,  about  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Williamsport.  It  bu  • 
lumber-mill. 

Tivy,  a  river  of  North  AVales.    See  Tkifv. 

Tiwap'itty,  a  township  of  Scott  co..  Mo.     Pop.  680. 

Tixcoco,  tix-ko'ko,  an  Indian  town  of  Yucatan,  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Merida. 

Tixola,  a  town  of  Spain.     See  Tijoi.a. 

Tixtia,  tecx'tl&,  a  town  of  Mexico,  capital  of  Querrem 
about  70  miles  N.E.  of  Acapulco.     Poj).  about  COOO. 

Tiz,  a  village  of  Beloocnistan.     See  Tkkz. 

Tizio,  a  river  of  Dalmatia.     See  Kkkka. 

Tizzana,  tit-si'nl,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Flor- 
ence, on  a  hill  forming  the  N.  base  of  Mount  Aibano,  about 
7  miles  from  Pistoja.  It  has  a  trade  in  corn,  silk,  and  e«i)». 
cially  wine.     Pop.  8471. 

Tiz'zard's  Harbor,  a  fishing  port  in  the  district  of 
Twillingate  and  Fogo,  Newfoundland,  5  miles  from  TwiU 
Ungate.     Pop.  250. 

Tjanjor,  t'yin\yor',  a  town  of  Java,  ca])ital  of  tho  prov- 
ince of  Preanger,  53  miles  S.E.  of  Batavia. 

Tjaya,  t'yi'A,  a  town  of  Thibet,  370  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
Lassa.     Lat.  31°  45'  N.;  Ion.  97°  45'  E. 

TJidani,  De,  dA  t'ye-di'nee,  a  river  of  Java,  provinco 
of  Buitenzorg,  rises  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Pangcrango,  and 
falls  into  the  Java  Sea. 

Tjila^ap,  t'yee-lit-yip',  a  town  of  Java,  province  of 
Bangoemaas,  on  the  S.  coast,  111  miles  S.W.  of  Saniarang, ! 
on  Tjilatjap  Bay,  which  is  formed  by  the  island  of  Keiu-{ 
bangan,  on  which  two  forts  are  erected.  ; 

Tjimanok,  t'yee^m.\-nok',  a  river  of  Java,  province  of 
Preanger,  flows  N.,  and  near  Cape  Indraniayo  joins  thoj 
Java  Sea  by  two  arms.  It  is  of  great  advantage  to  lb» 
inland  navigation  of  the  province. 

Tjiringin,  t'yee'rin-ghin',  a  village  of  Java,  provinct 
and  30  miles  S.W.  of  Bantam,  on  the  Strait  of  SunJa. 

Tjorn,  an  island  of  Sweden.    See  Tkkun. 

TIacotalpan,  tli-ko-til-pin',  a  village  of  Mexico, 
state  of  Vera  Cruz,  50  miles  S.E.  of  Vera  Cruz. 

Tlaliscoyan,  tl4-lis-ko-yin',  a  village  of  .Mexico, 
state  of  Vera  Cruz,  50  miles  S.  of  Vera  Cruz. 

TIalpan,  tlil-pin',  or  San  Aiigiistin  dc  la< 
Cuevas,  s4n  6w-goos-tecn'  dk  lis  kwd'vds,  a  town  of 
Mexico,  state  and  about  12  miles  from  the  city  of  Mexico. 
It  contains  beautiful  villas,  to  which  many  of  the  inhab- 
itants of  the  capital  retire  during  the  warm  season. 

TIalpujahua,  or  Tlalpuxahua,  tlil-poo-H4'wi,  a 
mining  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Michoacan,  50  miles  E.  of 
Morel  ia. 

TIapa,  tli'pi,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Pucbla,  on  the 
Yopez,  60  miles  N.N.E.  of  its  mouth  in  the  Pacific.  Th« 
population  are  mostly  engaged  in  raising  cotton  and  sugar. 

Tlascala,  tl4s-ki'l.i,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  and  10 
miles  N.  of  Puebla.  When  the  Spaniards  took  possession 
of  the  country  it  was  a  place  of  great  size  and  importance. 
Pop.  4000. 

'rlemcen,  tlfim-sSn',  or  TIemecen,  tlim'^h-sJn', 
written  also  TIamsen,  Tlemsan,  and  Trcmecen 
(anc.  TremUt  or  Tremici  Colouiaf),  a  town  of  Algeria, 
province  and  68  miles  S.W.  of  Oran.  It  is  a  place  of  an- 
tiquity, and  is  enclosed  by  walls.  It  has  narrow  streets, 
refreshed  by  numerous  fountains,  with  houses  generally  of 
one  story,  built  of  brick,  stone,  or  clay.  It  contains  sev- 
eral mosques,  with  an  extensive  citadel,  and  has  manufiic- 
tures  of  iron,  morocco  leather,  carpets,  and  various  fabrics 
in  woollen,  cotton,  and  linen.  It  is  the  seat  of  consider- 
able trade,  being,  from  its  vicinity  to  Morocco  and  tho 
desert,  tho  entrepot  of  the  caravans  from  Fez,  furnishing 
ostrich  feathers,  wool,  and  ivory  in  exchange  for  grocenei 
and  manufactured  articles.     Pop.  18,722. 

TIemcen,  Gulf  of,  Algeria.    See  Gulf  of  Tlf.mcbw. 

Tlos,  tlos,  a  ruined  city  in  the  S.  part  of  Asia  Minor. 
Its  remains  are  15  miles  S.E.  of  Makree. 

Tlumat8chaH,tloo'mit-8h3w\  written  also  Tlnma- 
90W,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Moravia,  near  the  left  bank  of 
the  March,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Kremsir.     Pop.  1120. 

Tmo'lus  (Turk.  Kiziljah  Masa  Tagh,  kiz^il-ji'  m*  » 


TMU 


2625 


TOO 


tig),  a  mountain-range  of  Asia  Minor,  20  miles  S.E.  of 
Sinyrnii,  extending  E.  for  about  70  miles,  separating  tlie 
basing  of  the  rivers  Sarabet  (ans.  Iler'mus)  iinJ  Cayster. 
It  is  crossed  by  several  routes,  and  has  on  its  suuiiuit  a 
plain  of  fine  pasturage,  interspersed  with  large  trees. 
Tiniitarakaii,  a  town  of  Russia.  See  Taman. 
Tllilaia,  tne-li'i,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  W.  of 
the  government  of  Don  Cossacks,  flows  very  circuitously 
E.S.E.  about  120  miles,  and  joins  the  Donets. 

Toa,  Alta,  il'ti  to'i  ("  Upper  Toa"),  and  Baxa  Toa, 
bl'ni  to'4  ("Lower  Toa"),  two  villages  of  Cuba,  near 
Rayauio,  with  3000  and  2000  inhabitants  respectively. 

Toad's  Cove,  a  large  fishing  settlement  in  Ferryland, 
Newrounilliind,  26  miles  S.  of  St.  John's.     Pop.  .325. 
Toad  Vine,  a  post-oSice  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ala. 
Toak,  a  town  of  Turkish  Koordistan.     See  Taook. 
Toaiio,  to-an'o,  a  post-ofiice  of  Elko  co.,  Nov.,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  92  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Elko. 

Tobac'co  Port,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stewart  oo.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Cumberland  River,  about  .S2  miles  W.  by  N.  of 
Clarksville.     It  has  a  ciiurch,  a  grist-mill,  <to. 

Tobacco  Iliver,  Michigan,  drains  parts  of  Clare  and 
Gladwin  cos.,  runs  southward  and  southeastward,  and 
unites  with  the  Chippewa  or  Pine  River  in  Midland  co. 

Tobacco  River,  Montana,  runs  northward  in  Mis- 
soula CO.,  and  enters  the  Kootenay  River  about  7  miles 
froni  the  N.  boundary  of  Montana. 

Tobacco  Stick,  a  post-village  of  Dorchester  co.,  Md., 
about  40  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Annapolis. 

Tobac'coville,  a  post-oflice  of  Forsyth  co.,  N.C. 
Tobago,  to-bA'go,  an  island  of  the  British  West  Indies, 
Windward  group.  Lat.  (N.  point)  11°  25'  N. ;  Ion.  60°  32' 
W.  It  is  24  miles  N.E.  of  Trinidad;  32  miles  long  by  12 
miles  broad.  Area,  97  square  miles.  It  is  one  entire  mass 
of  rocks,  rising  with  a  steep  ascent  on  the  N.E.,  and  de- 
scending gradually  towards  the  S.W.,  with  some  small  but 
picturesque  valleys  intervening.  The  N.W.  part  is  the 
least  mountiiinous ;  on  the  S.  it  terminates  in  broken 
plains  and  lowlands.  It  is  well  watered  by  rivulets  and 
streams,  and  has  several  good  harbors,  principally  along 
the  N.  coast.  Tobago  is  beyond  the  range  of  hurricanes, 
but  is  extremely  unhealthy.  The  produce  of  the  island 
'  jonsists  of  sugar,  molasses,  and  rum.  Value  of  exports  and 
imports,  about  £50,000  per  annum;  of  revenue,  £10,000. 
:  It  has  a  local  legislature,  consisting  of  a  lieutenant-gov- 
I  ernor,  a  legislative  council,  and  a  house  of  assembly  of 
!  elected  members.  The  principal  religious  denominations 
[are  Church  of  England  (8  churches),  Wesleyans  (7  chapels), 
land  Moravians  (3  churches).  The  island  was  discovered 
by  Columbus  in  1496,  and  was  ceded  to  Great  Britain  by 
[France  in  1763.  Principal  town,  Scarborough.  Pop.  17,054. 
'  Tobarra,  to-Bau'na,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  33 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Albacete,  with  remains  of  fortifications,  and 
a  trade  in  fruit.     Pop.  4376. 

Tobas'co,  a  post-village  of  Clermont  co.,  0.,  in  Union 
township,  on  the  Cincinnati  <k  Eastern  Railroad,  7  miles 
,  W.N.W.  of  Batavia.     It  has  a  church  and  a  graded  school. 
Tob'ber,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Tipperary,  2i 
_miles  S.W.  of  Cloninel,  near  the  Suir. 
'■     Tob*berahee'na,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Tip- 
.perary,  on  the  Suir,  2i  miles  S.W.  of  Clonmel. 
!     Tob'bercur'ry,  a  town  of  Ireland,  in  Connaught,  oo. 
'of  Sligo.  19  miles  E.S.E.  of  Ballina.     Pop.  884. 
'     Tob'bermore',  a  small  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Lon- 
■donderry,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Magherafelt.     Pop.  528. 

To^bermo'ry,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ar- 
'gyle,  on  the  N.E.  of  the  island  of  Mull,  at  the  entrance  of 
the  Sound  of  Mull.  It  has  a  custom-house,  a  landlocked 
'hiirbor,  and  some  boat-building  and  general  trade.  P.  1344. 
'  Tobesof  ka  Creek.  Georgia.  See  Chupee  Creek. 
'  To'bin,  a  township  of  Perry  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 2345. 
i    Tobinium,  the  ancient  name  of  Zofingex. 

■  To'binsport,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  about  12  miles  above  Cannelton. 

Tobol,  to-bol',  a  river  of  Siberia,  government  of  To- 
bolsk, rises  in  the  S.  part  of  the  Ural  Mountain  chain,  and, 
ftfter  a  N.E.  course  of  500  miles,  joins  the  Irtish  near  To- 
bolsk. Affluents,  the  Ooi,  Miias,  Toora,  and  Tavda,  all  from 
the  W.;  and  from  the  influx  of  the  Ooi  downwards  it  is 
navigable  throughout  three-fourths  of  its  course. 

■  Tobolsk,  to-bolsk',  the  westernmost  government  of 
Siberia,  embracing  all  its  width  from  the  Central  Asiatic 
Provinces  to  the  Arctic  Ocean,  between  lat.  55°  and  73° 
N.  and  Ion.  60°  and  80°  E.,  having  W.  the  Ural  Mountains 
•ind  the  governments  of  Perm  and  Orenboorg,  and  E.  the 
.governments  of  Tomsk  and  Yeniseisk.  Area,  531,959 
iquuro  miles.   Pop.  1,086,848.    The  surface  is  mountainous 


in  the  S.  and  W. ;  elsewhere  mostly  level.  It  is  watered 
by  the  Obi  and  its  large  tributaries,  the  Irtish,  Ishim,  To 
bol,  <fec.  N.  of  lat.  65°  or  66°  the  whole  country  is  a 
sterile  moor,  frozen  during  nine  months  of  the  year.  A 
wide  forest-region  of  firs  and  birch  extends  between  lat 
65°  and  58°  N.,  S.  of  which  is  the  most  productive  and 
populous  portion  of  the  government;  this  being  succeeded 
S.  by  a  desert  steppe.  Rye,  barley,  wheat,  oats,  and  buck- 
wheat are  produced,  and,  with  other  necessaries,  are  con- 
veyed down  the  Obi  and  other  rivers  to  the  N.,  in  return 
for  large  quantities  of  furs  and  skins,  which  are  sent  to  the 
fair  of  Nizhnee-Novgorod,  and  to  the  Kirgheez  country 
and  Kiakhta  in  return  for  Bokhara  and  Chinese  products. 
Iron,  copper,  gold,  silver,  and  platinum  are  raised  in  the 
Ural  chain  ;  and  at  Tioomen  and  some  other  places  are 
thriving  leather-,  soap-,  woollen-,  and  other  factories. 
Transit  and  general  commerce  is,  however,  much  moro 
important  than  manufacturing  industry.  Population  most 
thickly  collected  between  Omsk  and  Tobolsk,  in  which  tract 
is  a  succession  of  Tartar,  Kirgheez,  and  Russian  villages. 
The  principal  towns  are  Tioomen,  Yalootrovosk,  Tobolsk, 
Koorgan,  lara,  Toorinsk,  Demiansk,  and  Berczov. 

Tobolsk,  the  capital  city  of  West  Siberia,  and  of  the 
above  government,  at  the  junction  of  the  Irtish  and  Tobol 
Rivers,  in  lat.  58°  12'  39"  N.,  Ion.  68°  16'  39"  E.  Pop. 
20,132.  The  city  proper  stands  on  the  flat  summit  of  a 
hill,  is  enclosed  by  a  strong  brick  wall,  and  has  exter- 
nally a  line  appearance.  "The  streets  are  regular,  and 
mostly  paved  with  wood.  Principal  buildings,  a  cathe- 
dral with  6  cupolas,  20  other  churches,  the  archbishop's 
and  governor's  palaces,  prison,  public  offices,  and  a  monu- 
ment to  Yermak,  the  founder  of  Russian  influence  in  Si- 
beria. The  climate  is  so  severe  in  winter  that  mercury  ii 
sometimes  frozen.  The  city  is  well  supplied  with  provisions 
and  means  of  entertainment  and  education,  and  its  society 
is  of  a  superior  order.  Tobolsk  was  founded  in  1587  ;  it  is 
the  seat  of  the  military  governor  and  of  the  Archbishop  of 
West  Siberia,  and  of  a  civil  governor. 

Toboso,  to-Bo'so,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  La  Mancha,  60 
miles  S.E.  of  Toledo,  celebrated  in  "  Don  Quixote."  P.  2036. 

Toboso,  to-bo'so,  or  Tobos'co,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Licking  co.,  0.,  on  the  Licking  River,  and  on  the  railroad 
which  connects  Newark  with  Zanesville,  8  miles  E.  of 
Newark.     It  has  a  church. 

Toboyne,  to-boin',  township,  Perry  co..  Pa.   Pop.  914. 

To'by,  a  township  of  Clarion  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1140. 

To^byhan'na  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Monroe 
c<v,  runs  westward,  and  enters  the  Lehigh  River. 

Tobyhanna  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co..  Pa., 
in  Coolbaugh  township,  on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  9i 
Western  Railroad,  27  miles  S.E.  of  Scranton.  It  has  sev- 
eral saw-mills. 

Toby's  River,  Pennsylvania.     See  Clarion  River. 

Tocaloma,  to-kfl,-lo'mi,  a  station  in  Marin  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  North  Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  33J  miles  N.N.W.  of 
San  Francisco. 

Tocantins,  to-kin-teens',  a  large  river  of  Brazil, 
province  of  Goyaz,  formed  by  the  union  of  the  Almas  and 
Maranhao,  nearly  in  lat.  14°  S.  It  flows  almost  due  N., 
receiving  the  Paranan,  the  Manoel-Alves,  the  Rio  do 
Somno,  and  the  Manoel-Alves-Septentrional.  On  reaching 
the  N.  confines  of  Goyaz  it  makes  a  bend  to  the  AV.,  till  it 
reaches  the  town  of  Sao  Joao  das  duas  Barras,  in  lat.  6° 
S.  Here  it  is  joined  and  doubled  in  volume  by  the  Ara- 
guay,  after  which  it  flows  almost  due  N.  across  the  province 
of  Pard,  receiving  in  succession  the  Sand6  on  the  left  and 
the  Moju  on  the  right,  and  falls  into  the  Pari  about  70 
miles  S.W.  of  the  town  of  Bclem  or  Pard.  Its  course 
under  its  own  proper  name  is  about  1500  miles,  and  at  the 
town  of  Cameta,  where  the  embouchure  commences,  its 
channel  is  about  8  miles  wide.  The  tide  ascends  to  Fort 
Alcobafa,  300  miles  from  the  sea. 

Tocantins,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  and  210  miles 
N.E.  of  Goyaz,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Bacalhao. 

Tocat,  a  city  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Tokat. 

Tocayma,  or  Tocaima,  to-ki  mS,,  a  town  of  the 
United  States  of  Colombia,  35  miles  S.W.  of  Bogota. 

Toccia,  a  river  of  Italy.     See  Toce. 

Tocco,  tok'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  17  miles 
N.W.  of  Avellino.     Pop.  1300. 

Tocco,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  17  miles  S.W.  of 
Chieti,  near  the  Pescara.     Pop.  3902. 

Toccoa,  t6k'ko-.a,  Toc'oa,  or  Toc'coa  City,  a 
post-village  of  Habersham  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Atlanta  &  Rich- 
mond Air-Line  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Elberton 
Air-Line,  93  miles  N.E.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  3  churches,  ai^ 
academy,  and  a  newspaper  office.     Pop.  about  700, 


TOC 


2626 


TOK 


Toccopolaf  tek*ko-po'l^  a  post-village  of  Pontotoo 
00.,  MiM.,  21  miles  S.E.  of  Oxford,  and  about  42  miles  S. 
by  K.  of  ilully  Springs.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school, 
a  grist-mill,  and  a  ourriage-shop. 

Tooe«  to'oh4,  Tocoia,tot'ob&,or  Tosa*  to's&,a  rirer 
of  Italy,  Piedmont,  rises  in  the  Alps  near  the  Siniplon,  and, 
after  a  S.  course  of  50  miles,  enters  Lago  Maggiore  on  its  W. 
side,  3  milos  £.  of  Qravollona,  whore  it  receives  the  surplus 
waters  of  the  Lake  of  Orta.  Chief  afSuent,  the  Ancasca. 
The  bay  of  the  lake  which  it  enters  is  called  the  Gulf  of 
Toee.  Near  Formatsa  it  presents  one  of  the  finest  series  of 
cascades  in  the  Alps,  having  a  total  descent  of  1000  feet. 

TochocunOf  Ueorgiiu    Soo  Kchaconnkk. 

Tocina«  to-thoe'n&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
province  iind  about  20  milos  from  Seville.     Pop.  1490. 

Tockeiiburg,  Switzerland.     See  Togornbuiiq. 

Tocoa  lliver,  Tennessee.    See  Ocoisk  IIiver. 

Tocoif  to-koy',  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  John's  co.,  Fla.,  on 
the  E.  bank  of  the  St.  John's  River,  about  48  miles  S.  of 
Jacksonville.  The  St.  John's  Railroad  extends  from  this 
place  to  St.  Augustine.  The  river  is  here  4  miles  wide,  and 
is  bordered  with  orange-groves. 

Tocuyo,  to-koo'yo,  a  river  of  Venezuela,  rises  E.  of 
Trujillo,  flows  N.  and  N.E.,  and  enters  the  Caribbean  Sea 
N.  of  the  Gulf  of  Triste.  Total  course,  200  miles,  for  half 
of  which  it  is  navigable.     Principal  afUuent,  the  Carora. 

Tocuyo,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  state  of  Barquesimeto, 
on  the  Tocuyo,  34  miles  E.N.E.  of  Trujillo.  It  bos  a  col- 
lege, convents,  and  active  manufactures.     Pop.  13,537. 

Todd*  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Kentucky,  borders 
on  Tennessee.  Area,  about  360  square  luilcs.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  Pond  River,  and  drained  by  Elk  Creek  and  small 
aflSuents  of  Green  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Tobacco,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Among  its  minerals  is  limestone.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  several  branches  of  the  Louisville 
&  Nashville  Railroad,  one  of  which  connects  with  Elkton, 
the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,612;  in  1880,  15,994;  in 
J890,  16,814. 

Todd)  a  county  of  Minnesota,  is  near  the  middle  of 
the  state.  Area,  972  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Long 
Prairie,  Swan,  and  Crow  Wing  Rivers,  (he  last  of  which 
touches  the  N.E.  part.  Sauk  River  also  rises  in  the  S.W. 
part  of  this  county.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  level, 
and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  numerous  little  lakes. 
Forests  of  the  nsh,  elm,  oak,  sugar-maple,  and  other  trees 
cover  a  large  part  of  the  surface.  The  soil  is  fertil^. 
Wheat,  hay,  oats,  potatoes,  and  butter  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  count3'  is  intersected  by  the  Groat  Northern 
Railroad  and  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  the  former  of 
which  connects  with  Long  Prairie,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  2036;  in  1880,  6133;  in  1890,  12,930. 

Todd)  a  southern  county  of  South  Dakota,  borders  on 
Kebroska.  Area,  45  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
K.  and  E.  by  the  Missouri  River.  It  contains  part  of  a 
military  reservation.  Capital,  Fort  Randall.  Pop.  in  1870, 
J37;  in  1880,  203;  in  1890,  188. 

Todd,  a  post-hamlet  of  Placer  co.,  Cal.,  12  miles  S.E. 
of  Colfax. 

Todd,  a  township  of  Fulton  co..  Pa.     Pop.  634. 

Todd,  a  post-township  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.,  about 
28  miles  S.E.  of  Altoona.     Pop.  781. 

Tod'dington,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Bedford,  5 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Dunstable.  Pop.  of  parish,  2464,  em- 
ployed in  the  straw-plait  manufacture. 

'Todd's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  0.,  in  Marion 
township,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Cutler. 

Todd's  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  in  Clinton  co.,  runs  south- 
westward,  and  enters  the  Little  Miami  River  in  Warren 
CO.,  at  Morrow. 

'Todd's  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co..  III.,  about 
22  miles  S.  by  £.  of  Decatur.     It  has  2  churches. 

Todd's  Point,  a  post-oflBce  of  Shelby  co.,  Ky. 

Todd's  Valley,  a  mining  post-village  of  Placer  oo., 
Cal.,  56  miles  N.E.  of  Sacramento.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
gold-mine. 

Todds'ville,  a  post-village  of  Otsego  oo.,  N.Y.,  in 
Hartwiok  township,  about  2  miles  W.  of  Cooperstown.  It 
has  a  church,  a  cotton-mill,  and  a  paper-mill.     Pop.  200. 

Todd'ville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Monroe  township,  Linn 
30.,  Iowa,  on  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  A  Northern 
Railroad,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cedar  Rapids. 

Todi,  to'dee,  a  town  of  Italy,  24  miles  S.  of  Perugia. 
Pop.  4747.  It  is  of  high  antiquity,  and  has  Etruscan 
walls,  and  a  cathedral.  Here,  in  552,  Narses  defeated  and 
lulled  the  Oothio  king  Totila. 


Tbdiberg,  a  summit  of  the  Alps.    See  DSdibkho 

Tod'morden,  a  town  of  Englaml,  co.  of  Lnoouier 
pariah  and  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Rochdale,  on  tlie  lUclnUli 
Canal,  and  on  the  Manchester  it  Leeds  lUiiway,  l>„|, 
11,988,  chiefly  employed  in  cotton-innnufiicturM.  'M,j 
town  is  in  the  picturesque  valley  of  the  Calder.  C«il  ii 
abundant  in  its  vicinity. 

Todinorden,  Ontario.     See  Doxcaster. 

Todos  OS  Santos,  Bay  of.    See  All-Saiht**  Bat 

TodteS'Meer,  Palestine.    See  Drad  Ska. 

Tooban,  too^bAn',  a  village  of  Java,  provinee  snd  }$ 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Rembang.  It  is  largo  and  buny,  Hm  ot 
an  excellent  bay,  and  has  some  boat-building.    P.  21  S}( 

Toekoekemou,  too-kou^k&-inoo',  a  small  iiUnd  of 
the  Malay  Archipelago,  Carimata  Passage.  Lat.  2°  'iV  B  > 
Ion.  108°  36' 30"  E.  ■' 

Tocnningen,  a  town  of  Prussia.    Sec  TSmniso. 

Toeplitz,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  TcJi-liti. 

Tocplitz,  Hungary.    See  Tkpi.itz. 

Toe  Kiver,  a  township  of  Mitchell  co.,  N.C.     P.  619. 

Toggcnburg,  tog'gh(;n-boCiio\the  upper  valley  of  the 
river  Thur,  in  Switzerland,  canton  of  St.  Gall.  Length 
30  miles.  It  embraces  almost  all  the  various  features  of 
Alpine  scenery. 

Togia  (to'ghe-i)  Islands,  in  the  Malay  Archipelago, 
are  an  extensive  group  of  i.slots  in  the  Buy  of  Uuooong. 
Telia,  on  the  E.  coast  of  Celebes. 

Toglio,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy.    See  Teolio. 

Togus  Springs.    See  National  Mii.itaiiy  Home. 

Tohickon,  to-hlk'un,  a  post-hamlot  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa., 
on  Tohickon  Creek,  about  38  miles  N.  of  Philudelpbio.  It 
has  a  tannery  and  a  flour-mill. 

Tohickon  Creek,  Bucks  oo.,  Pa.,  runs  eastward,  an4 
enters  the  Delaware  River. 

Toirano,  to-e-r&.'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  5  miles  N.  of 
Albenga,  with  a  remarkable  stalactitic  grotto.     Pop.  1171, 

Toiros,  to'e-roce,  a  town  and  seaport  of  Brazil,  pmr- 
ince  of  Rio  Grande  do  Norte,  on  a  bay  of  the  same  1:1 
15  miles  N.  of  Natal.     It  contains  a  church  and  a  prii 
school,  and  carries  on  a  considerable  trade  in  salt,  leai..  ., 
hides,  salt  pork,  and,  above  all,  cotton  of  excellent  qualiiy. 

Toisnot,  tSs'not,  a  post-village  of  Wilson  co.,  N.C,  oi 
the  Wilmington  <t  Weldon  Railroad,  32  milos  N.  of  Qoldi- 
borough.    It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  Ac. 

Toiyabe,  toi-yi'be,  a  post-office  of  Decatur  00.,  Kantai. 

Toiyabe  mountains,  Nevada,  a  long  range  whieb 
traverses  the  S.W.  part  of  Lander  co.  and  the  N.  part  of 
Esmeralda  co.  The  direction  of  this  range  is  nearly  N.  and 
S.  The  noted  Reese  River  silver-mines  are  among  tlieM 
mountains,  near  Austin,  in  Lander  co. 

Tok,  tok,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  about  50  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Orenboorg,  flows  circuitously  W.,  and  joins  the  right  bank 
of  the  Samara  a  little  above  Boozoolook.  Length,  120  roilei. 

Toka,  to'ki,  a  town  of  India,  in  the  Nizam's  domin- 
ions, 25  miles  S.W.  of  Aurungabad.  It  is  a  good  deal  re- 
sorted to  by  Hindoo  pilgrims. 

Tokat,  or  Tocat,  to'kJt',  a  city  of  Asia  Minor,  &8 
miles  N.W.  of  Seevas,  on  tho  Yeshil-Irmak.  Pop.  about 
60,000.  It  is  surrounded  on  3  sides  by  hills,  and  has  ex- 
ternally  a  handsome  appearance,  being  interspersed  with 
trees  and  orchards,  but  it  is  meanly  built.  Its  commercial 
importance  has  declined ;  still  it  is  a  considerable  depot  for 
agricultural  produce,  and  has  manufactures  of  silk  fabrici 
and  calico,  dyeing-works,  and  a  large  government  estab- 
lishment at  which  is  refined  all  the  copper  produced  by  the 
mines  of  Arghana-Maden,  near  Diarbekir. 

Tokay,  to-ki,'  (Hun.  pron.  to-koi'),a  town  of  Hungary, 
CO.  of  Zemplin,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Theiss,  at  the  in- 
flux of  the  Bodrogh,  43  miles  N.N.W.  of  Debreczin.  Lat. 
48°  7'  N.;  Ion.  21°  24'  E.  Pop.  5012.  It  has  a  Roman 
Catholic  cathedral,  Lutheran,  Reformed,  and  Greek  United 
churches,  an<l  Piarist  and  Capuchin  convents.  It  is  the 
entrepot  for  the  famous  Tokay  wine,  produced  in  the  hilly 
tract  called  the  Ilegyalja,  between  the  Bodrogh  and  ller- 
nad  Rivers.    See  Hegvalja. 

To'ken-Bes'seys,  a  group  of  islands  in  the  Malay 
Archipelago.     Lat.  6°  5'  S.;  Ion.  123°  56'  E. 

To'ken  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dane  co.,  Wis.,  about 
8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Madison. 

Tokerville,  Kane  co.,  Utah,    See  TogrERViLLE. 

Tokio,  to'ke-o,  or  Tokei,  to'ka-e,  prior  to  1868  called 
Yed'o,  Yed'do,  Jeddo,  or  ledo,  yed'do,  a  city,  port, 
and  the  capital  of  the  Japanese  Empire  (see  Japa.n),  n 
situated  in  the  E.  part  of  Hondo,  the  main  island,  on  tbs 
Bay  of  Yedo,  and  on  the  two  sides  of  the  Todagawa  of 
Ogava  River.  Lat.  35°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  139°  40'  E.  In  area 
Tokio  exceeds  any  European  or  American  capital,  com- 


TOK 


2627 


TOL 


pris  g  60  square  miles ;  but  a  large  proportion  of  this  is 
tak  up  in  gardens,  temples,  sacred  groves,  &(s.  The  built- 
up  irtions  cover  about  28  square  miles  in  all,  of  which 
abo'  one-eighth  is  occupied  by  moats  and  canals.  The 
bui  jngs  are  gathered  in  numerous  compact  groups,  with 
ext'lled  intervals.  The  city  is  distinctively  divided  into 
3  dfricts, — 1,  Siro,  the  imperial  citadel,  surrounded  by 
BtoiHvalls  and  a  moat;  2,  Soto-Siro,  "outside the  citadel," 
ftlgiiurrounded  by  a  system  of  walls,  moat,  Ac. ;  and  3, 
Mi(L  "  outer  parts ;"  and  beyond  this  is  another  system 
of  (fences.  The  Midzi  were  formerly  taken  up  largely 
witi  the  residences  of  the  daimios,  but  now  these  have 
givi  place  to  government  buildings,  colleges,  barracks, 
fouijries,  steam  mills  and  factories,  <fec.  Outside  of  these 
distks  there  are  miles  of  brick  and  stone  buildings, 
mosr  in  European  styles  of  architecture,  the  growth  of 
the  ftw  years  since  Tokio  became  the  seat  of  government 
andpe  j)Iace  of  sojourn  of  the  ministers  of  foreign  coun- 
trie'  and  consequently  an  important  centre  of  foreign 
traij  The  streets  of  the  modern  Tokio  are  regular,  wide, 
andfemarkably  clean,  and  there  are  many  evidences  of 
an  iolligent  appreciation  of  European  civilization.  The 
sup^  of  water,  obtained  from  tne  Tonegawa,  9  miles 
awi  is  abundant,  and  the  water  is  excellent.  The  city  is 
unii  good  police  regulations,  being  divided  for  this  pur- 
pos|into  9  districts  and  96  sub-districts,  with  stations 
nt  ciivenient  points,  connected  with  one  another  and  with 
the|ntral  station  by  telegraph,  and  the  police  force  con- 
sistif  3500  men,  neatly  uniformed,  under  a  good  corps  of 
offices.  The  city  is  connected  by  railway  and  telegraph 
witliTokohama  and  other  principal  commercial  cities.  Be- 
sidcthe  palace  and  other  government  buildings,  there  are 
the  llowing  edifices  worthy  of  mention  :  the  imperial  uni- 
very,  a  large,  commodious  building,  with  a  faculty  em- 
bradg  nearly  100  foreign  instructors;  a  steadily  growing 
nuner  of  schools,  already  attended  by  nearly  100,000 
jup I  from  all  parts  of  the  empire;  4  Christian  churches, 
mai  large  stores,  banks,  and  other  business  establish- 
nieii,  after  the  style  of  European  and  American  cities. 
ThcS  are  more  than  a  dozen  newspapers  printed  here.  The 
forttn  trade  of  Tokio  is  very  limited,  on  account  of  the 
ghafwness  of  the  water  in  the  bay  and  river,  which  pre- 
ven  large  vessels  from  approaching  within  about  5  miles; 
butiiere  is  a  rapidly  growing  interest  in  manufactures,  and 
the)  are  many  considerable  establishments  employing 
stea  and  modern  machinery  of  the  most  approved"  kinds. 
Pof  some  years  before  the  city  was  opened  to  foreigners, 
wartated  to  be  about  1,500,000 ;  but  many  of  the  natives 
leftfie  city  in  1869  and  the  throe  or  four  succeeding  years, 
•0  fyt  in  1872  a  careful  enumeration  showed  but  779,361. 
Pofpy  the  census  of  188-J,  902,837. 

'J^kiiiah,  a  branch  of  the  Euphrates.     See  Kara-Soo. 

l^la,  an  island  of  Zanguebar.     See  Toola. 

lit'land's  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wash- 
ingjh  CO.,  Wis.,  about  30  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Milwaukee. 

niilapalca,  to-li-pil'kfl.,  a  mountain-pass  of  South 
An^ica.     Lat.  18°  S.     Height,  13,570  feet. 

n^'larsville,  a  post-ofBce  of  Robeson  co.,  N.C. 

'mlbiacum,  Prussia.    See  ZUlpich. 

T»l'chester  Beach,  a  summer  bathing-place  of  Kent 
eo.,j[d.,  on  the  Eastern  Shore  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  23  miles 
E.J  Baltimore. 

n^lcsva  (Naoy),  Hungary.    See  Nagy  Tolcsva. 

IMedo,  to-le'do  (Sp.  pron.  to-li'Do;  anc.  Tole'tnm),  a 
eityf  Spain,  and  its  capital  under  the  Goths  and  Moors, 
novpapital  of  the  province  of  Toledo,  on  the  Tagus,  41 
mil  S.S.W.  of  Madrid,  with  which  and  with  Ciudad  Ro- 
dri,  it  is  connected  by  railway.  Lat.  39°  52'  24"  N. ;  Ion. 
4°''  \V.  Pop.  (said  to  have  amounted  formerly  to  200,000) 
17,  3.  It  is  situated  on  a  rocky  height,  is  very  cold  in 
wiiir  and  hot  in  summer,  and  is  surrounded  by  a  Moorish 
wa  flanked  by  numerous  towers,  and  has  many  steeples. 
Th  streets  and  squares  are  narrow,  irregular,  ill  paved, 
amiull.  The  cathedral  of  Toledo,  the  metropolitan  church 
of  lain,  founded  in  587,  is  404  feet  in  length,  204  feet  in 
wi(i,  with  a  lofty  tower  and  spire.  Many  of  its  paintings 
hai  been  transferred  to  the  national  gallery  at  Madrid, 
antbuch  of  the  wealth  of  the  cathedral,  in  gold,  silver, 
nni  ewels,  has  been  applied  to  secular  uses.  Toledo  has  a 
UD'srsity,  4  'iollegcs,  numerous  hospitals  and  asylums,  in- 
clung  2  for  foundlings  and  lunatics,  a  town  hall,  and  a 
Dii ,  Toledo  has  long  been  famous  for  its  manufacture  of 
•wil-blades,  and  great  skill  is  still  shown  in  tempering 
the .  It  has  also  manufactures  of  coarse  woollens,  paper, 
gu  ,r-8trings,  coarse  glass,  and  leather.  An  amphitheatre 
»ni  some  walls  of  the  ancient  ToUtitm  still  attest  its  im- 
poiince  under  the  Romans.     It  was  taken  by  the  Qotbs  in 


467,  and  by  the  Moors  in  714,  and  retained  by  the  last  till 
1085,  when  it  was  permanently  annexed  to  the  crown  of 

Castile. Inhab.  Toledan,  to-lce'dan. 

Toledo,  a  province  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  bounded 
N.  by  the  provinces  of  Madrid  and  Avila,  E.  by  Cuenca,  8. 
by  Ciudad  Real,  and  W.  by  Caceres.  Area,  6586  square 
miles.     Pop.  342,272. 

Toledo,  to-Ice'do.  a  post-ofEce  of  Fayette  co.,  Ala.,  36 
miles  N.  of  Tuscaloosa. 

Toledo,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dorsey  co.,  Ark., 
about  24  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pine  Bluff.     It  has  2  churohes. 

Toledo,  a  post-village  of  Alexander  co.,  III.,  on  the 
Cairo  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad,  at  EIco  Station,  20i  miles  N. 
of  Cairo.  It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  about  200. 
Toledo,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Toledo  township,  on  the  Toledo  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  a 
branch  of  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad,  3  miles  N. 
of  the  Iowa  River,  about  22  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Marshall- 
town,  and  60  miles  W.  of  Cedar  Rapids.  It  contains  7 
churches,  a  savings-bank,  a  banking-house,  2  newspaper 
ofiices,  and  many  stores.  P.  (1880)  1026 ;  of  township,  1745. 
Toledo,  a  post-village  in  Toledo  township.  Chase  co., 
Kansas,  near  Cottonwood  Creek,  and  on  the  Atchison,  To- 
peka  A  Santa  F6  Railroad,  about  12  miles  W.  of  Em- 
poria. The  township  contains  3  churches,  and  has  a  pop. 
of  674. 

Toledo,  a  city,  the  port  of  entry  of  the  Miami  dis- 
trict, and  the  capital  of  Lucas  co.,  0.,  is  situated  on  Mau- 
mee  River,  5  miles  from  the  bay,  and  8  miles  from  Lake 
Erie,  92  miles  W.  of  Cleveland,  115  miles  N.N.W.  of  Co- 
lumbus, and  53  miles  S.S.W.  of  Detroit,  in  lat.  41°  39'  N., 
Ion.  83°  32'  W.  Toledo  has  a  fine  harbor,  the  water  of 
the  river  being  of  sufficient  depth  to  accommodate  the 
largest  vessels,  and  the  bay  affording  a  safe  channel  from  the 
lake.  It  has  also  direct  communication  with  Cincinnati 
by  the  Miami  A  Erie  Canal,  and  is  the  centre  of  no  less 
than  13  railroads,  which  have  free  communication  with 
one  another  and  with  the  docks  by  the  Belt  line.  In  1887 
natural  gas  was  piped  to  the  city  by  two  lines  from  wells 
in  the  famous  Findlay  field,  32  miles  distant.  This  cheap 
fuel  having  now  taken  the  place  of  coal  in  the  manufac- 
tories, Toledo  is  already  making  good  progress  as  a  manu- 
facturing city,  with  excellent  prospects  for  a  large  future 
increase.  Natural  gas  is  also  used  for  fuel  in  many  of  the 
private  dwellings.  Toledo  has  12  elevators,  with  storage 
for  7,257,000  bushels  of  grain.  Like  its  Western  neigh- 
bors, its  chief  imports  and  exports  are  grain  and  flour,  and 
in  these  its  trade  is  very  large  and  steadily  growing,  as  la 
shown  by  the  fact  that  in  1868  the  total  deliveries  of  grait 
were  16,141,990  bushels;  in  1886,  34,417,777  bushela. 
Toledo  has  also  an  important  trade  in  live-stock,  lumber, 
hides,  wool,  iron,  cotton,  tobacco,  whisky,  Ac.  The  maiv 
ufactures  of  the  city  are  extensive,  and  show  a  most  en- 
couraging growth  ;  in  the  two  branches  of  lumber  and  flouf 
alone  it  has  reached  in  a  single  year  (1886)  30 1,53 1,004 
feet  of  lumber,  28,164,000  laths,  98,000,000  shingles,  and 
699,245  barrels  of  flour.  The  manufacturing  establish- 
ments include  the  largest  wagon-works  in  America,  14 
])laning-mills,  7  sash-  and  blind-factories,  3  pump-factories, 
6  foundries,  4  boiler-works,  6  establishments  for  building 
steam-engines,  together  with  a  number  for  castings, 
ploughs,  making  mowers  and  reapers,  car-wheels,  build- 
ing boats  and  bridges,  carriages,  manufacturing  furniture 
and  cabinet-ware,  Ac.  There  are  60  churches,  25  public 
and  12  denominational  and  private  schools,  a  university, 
a  free  public  library,  5  daily  and  14  weekly  papers,  3  hos- 
pitals, 3  orphan  asylums,  several  other  asylums  and  vari- 
ous charities,  7  national  and  6  other  banks,  and  20  hotels. 
The  city  is  governed  by  a  mayor,  a  board  of  aldermen, 
and  a  common  council.  It  has  an  eflicient  police  force,  an 
excellent  paid  fire  department,  and  an  abundant  supply  of 
good  water.  Toledo  was  incorporated  in  1836,  tne  two 
Tillages  of  Fort  Lawrence  and  Vistula,  with  a  total  popula- 
tion of  less  than  1000,  being  united  to  form  a  new  city. 
Pop.  in  1850,  3829:  in  1860,  13,768;  in  1870,  31,584;  in 
1880,  50,137  ;  in  1890,  81,434. 

Toledo,  a  post-village  of  Benton  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Yaquina  River,  about  60  miles  W.S.W.  of  Salem,  and  8 
miles  from  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

Toledo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co..  Pa.,  2  or  3 
miles  from  Washington.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Toledo,  to-lee 'Jo  (formerly  Kit'ley),  a  post-village  in 
Leeds  co.,  Ontario,  on  Irish  Creek,  9  miles  S.  of  Irish  Creek. 
It  has  excellent  water-power,  a  flouring-mill,  a  saw-mill,  » 
oarding-mill,  2  hotels,  and  5  stores.     Pop.  300. 

Toledo  Bend,  a  hamlet  of  Newton  co.,  Tex.,  on  th« 
Sabine  River,  90  miles  N.  of  Orange.     It  has  a  church. 


TOL 


2628 


TOxM 


Toledo,  Monntains  of.  Se«  Spaiit. 
ToltMi,  a  town  of  the  Nolherlanits.  Sco  TnoLitx. 
Tolciilino,  to-ldn-tc«'no  (ano.  7Wcm/>'wi/i«), n  town  of 
Itnly,  II  iiiilcd  S.W.  of  iMiicoriitii,  on  tlio  left  bunk  of  tho 
Chionti.  roji,  4289.  It  lias  a  cathedral,  with  nioinorials 
of  itd  buililcru,  tho  Visconti.  Tolentino  ha?  ucquircj  some 
celebrity  from  the  treaty  which  was  diotateU  to  Pope  Pius 
VI.  in  I7t»7  by  Uonapar'te.  In  1815  ii  battle  fought  in  the 
neighborhood  scaled  the  fate  of  Murat,  who  waa  Jcfeiited 
by  the  Austrians. 

Tolcrsville,  to'l^n-vll,  a  post-village  of  Louisa  co., 
Va.,  on  tho  Chesapeake  A  Ohio  Uailroad,  56  nules  N.W.  of 
Itiohmond.     It  has  2  churches,  and  an  iron-foundry. 

Tolesboruugh,  tolr'bur-rah,  a  post-village  of  Lewis 
CO.,  Ky..  12  miles  E.S.K.  of  Maysvillo.     It  has  3  churches. 

Toic»<ton,  or  Tullesstouc,  tol'^s-tpn,  a  nost-ham- 
lot  of  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  A 
Chicago  Railroad,  at  Tollestone  Station,  and  on  the  Mich- 
igan Central  Railroad,  26i  miles  S.K.  of  Chicago.  It  has 
a  church. 

Toletanif  the  ancient  name  of  Toledo. 

Tolfa,  tol'f4,  a  town  of  Italy,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Civita 
Veeohiii.     It  has  important  alum-works.     Pop.  3226. 

Tolima,  to-leo'm&,  a  volcano  of  the  United  States  of 
Colombia.  Lat.  4°  4«'  N.;  loa.  75°  37'  W.  Height,  18,270 
feet. 

Tolima,  a  large  state  of  the  United  States  of  Colom- 
bia, lying  between  the  two  main  Andean  ranges,  and 
traversed  by  the  Upper  Magdalena.     Pop.  230,891. 

Tolling',  a  town  of  Thibet,  near  the  Upper  Sutlej,  18 
miles  S.E.  of  Chaprung.     It  has  a  magniflcent  temple. 

Tolkeinit,  tol'k?h-mitS  a  town  of  West  Prussia,  37 
miles  E.  of  Dantzic,  on  tho  Frische-IIaff.     Pop.  2751. 

Tol'laiid,  a  county  in  tho  N.N.E.  part  of  Connecticut, 
has  an  area  of  about  450  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  Willimantic,  Hop,  and  Hoekanum  Rivers.  Tho  sur- 
face is  hilly  in  tho  E.j  and  nearly  level  in  the  \V.  Butter, 
Indian  corn,  and  tobacco  are  tho  itaplo  products.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  New  London  Northern  and  the 
New  York  &  New  England  Railroads.  Capital,  Tolland. 
Pop.  in  1870,  22,000;  in  1880,  24,112. 

Tollandf  a  post-village,  capital  of  Tolland  co..  Conn., 
in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  21  miles  E.N.E.  of  Hart- 
ford, and  3i  miles  \V.  of  Tolland  Station  of  tho  New  Lon- 
don Northern  Railroad.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  on  an 
elevated  plain.  It  contains  a  court-house,  3  churches,  and 
a  national  bank.  Pop.  in  1880,  22!) ;  of  the  township,  1169. 
Tolland  Station  is  31  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Norwich. 

Tolland,  a  post-hamlet  in  Tolland  township,  Hamp- 
den CO..  Mass.,  27  miles  W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a  cburcn. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  452. 

Tollcn,  tol'l^n,  a  lake  and  river  of  Mecklcnburg-Stro- 
liti;  the  lake  6  miles  in  length,  and  the  river  leaving  it  at 
Ncu-Brandenburg,  and  joining  tho  Peene  at  Demmin,  after 
a  N.W.  course  of  45  miles. 

Tol'lendale,  a  village  in  Simcoo  co.,  Ontario,  1  mile 
from  Allendale.  It  contains  2  flouring-mills^  2  saw-mills, 
and  a  woollen-mill.     Pop.  100. 

Tollestone,  Lake  co.,  Ind.    See  Toleston. 

Toll  (tole)  Gate,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Ala. 

Tollgate,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hendricks  co.,  Ind.,  1  mile 
from  Spray  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Toll  Gate,  a  post-village  of  Ritchie  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Baltimore  <lk  Ohio  Railroad,  46  miles   E.  of  Parkers- 
burg.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  stave-fiictory. 
I      Toll  House,  a  post-office  of  Fresno  co.,  Cal. 
f      Tollo,  tol'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Chicti,  7 
I  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lanciano.     Pop.  2754. 

Toll's  Creek,  a  small  stream  of  Yuba  co.,  towards  the 
N.  part  of  California,  flows  into  Indiana  Creek  about  1  mile 
from  its  mouth.     Gold  is  found  on  this  stream. 

Tolmezzo,  tol-mit'so,  a  town  of  Italy,  26  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Udine,  in  the  Alps,  on  the  Tagliamento,  1000 
feet  above  the  se.a.     Pop.  4321. 

Tolua,  tol'noh*,  or  Tolnan,  tol'now,  a  town  of  Hun- 
gary, c;ipital  of  a  county,  on  tho  Danube,  11  miles  S.W.  of 
Kalocsa.  Pop.  7309,  mostly  Germans.  It  has  royal  to- 
bacco-warehouses and  potash-works. 

Tolna,  a  county  of  Hungary,  in  the  S.  part.  Area, 
1400  square  miles.     Pop.  220,740. 

Toloar  Island,  Malay  Archipelago.     See  Tulocr. 

Toloj,  or  Tolox,  to-loH',  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  29  miles  W.  of  Malaga,  at  the  foot  of  the  Sierra  de 
Toloj.     Pop.  2973. 

Tolometa,  to-lo-m4'tl  (anc.  Ptolemn'U),  a  town  of 
Africa,  in  Barca,  on  the  Mediterranean,  65  miles  N.E.  of 
Bengazi,  with  extensive  remains  of  antiquity. 


it  CO,, 
lioQii 


Tolona,  to-lo'niv,  a  post-offlco  of  Lcwii 
the  Middle  Fork  of  Fabius  Uivcr,  and  on  tlit 
•ouri  A  Pacific  Railroad.  22  miles  W.N.W.  of  Qui, 
Tolon-Noor.    See  Chao-Naijia.n-Soosib.    '"'■' 
Tolono,  to-lo'no,  a  post-village    of  Chwrnnsi-n 
111.,  in  Tolono  township,  on  tho  Wabash  Rni:       ;    " 
crosses  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  (Chioi 
miles  S.  of  Chamiiaign,  37  miles  E.N.E.  of  1 1 
miles  N.  of  Tuscola.     It  has  5  churche.i,  a  ncivni,,, 

1  or  2  banking-houses,  and  manufactures  of  car,' 
furniture.     Pop.  in  1880,  905;  of  the  township,  i 

Tolosa,  to-Io's4  (anc.  Iturim  '),  a  town  of  Si 
ital  of  the  province  of  Guipuzcoa,  on  the  Ori;i 
Arages,  15  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Sebastian.  I'c.u.  ., 
stands  in  a  narrow  delilo,  cnclosid  by  a  wall  ci, 
several  gates,  and  has  2  squares  (one  used  for  a  L: 

2  parish  churches,  a  town  hall,  hospital,  prison 
fountains,  and  2  bridges.     It  has  manufactures  (,; 
and  earthenwares,  woollen  cloth,  paper,  hats,  and  li.il 
and  a  largo  factory  of  arms. 

Tolosa,  a  town  of  Franco.    Sec  Toulousb. 

Tolox,  a  town  of  Spain.     See  Toi,oj. 

Tolteu,  tol-tSn',  a  river  of  Chili,  in  Araucania,  Ji 
from  tho  Lake  of  Villarica  W.  for  100  miles,  and  enk'n 
Pacific  Ocean  50  miles  N.  of  Valdivia. 

Tolu,  or  Santiago  de  Tolu,  gin-te-H'go  di  i  1 
a  seanort  town  of  the  United  States  of  Colombia, 
Magdalena,  65  miles  S.  of  Cartagena,  on  the  (Julf 
rosquillo.     It  has  a  good  harbor,  and  its  vicinity  i 
much  corn,  with  dye-woods  and  tho  balsam  of  I'l, 

Toluca,  to-loo'kd,  a  town  of  Mexico,  40  mile- 
Mexico,  near  a  volcanic  mountain,     Lat.  19°  16'  N  •  1 
99°  21'  W.     Pop.  12,000. 

Tolve,  toi'vi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  12  m 
E.N.E.  of  Potcnza.     Pop.  4368. 

Tolz,  tolz,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Isar,  26  iniW 
of  Munich.     Pop.  2950. 

Tom,  torn,  a  river  of  Siberia,  after  a  N.W.  courw 
400  miles,  joins  tho  Obi  40  miles  N.W.  of  Tom«k. 

Tom,  a  township  of  Benton  co..  Mo.    Pop.  799. 

To'niah,  a  post-village  in  Tomah  township,  Mon- 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  I!    '    ' 
at  the  S.W.  terminus  of  the  Wisconsin  Valley  Uai 
miles  AV.N.W.  of   Portage  City,  42  miles  E.N.K 
Crosse,  ond  47  miles  S.W.  of  Grand  Rapids.     I 
churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  high  sci 
manufactures  of  carriages,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  124J,  „. 
township,  2106. 

Tomaha,  tSm-a-haw',  a  post-hamlct  of  Red  Riven 
Texas,  4  miles  S.  of  Red  River,  and  16  miles  N.N.E. 
Blossom  Prairie  Station. 

Tom'ahawk,  a  post-office  of  Searcy  co.,  Ark. 

Tomahawk,  Virginia.     See  llALLsnonotGH. 

Tomahawk  Spring,  post-office,  Berkeley  co.,W.' 

Tomales,  to-m4'lds,  a  post-village  of  .Marin  c-    '^ 
is  on  Tomales  Bay,  on  the  North  Pacific  Coast  I; 
and  near  the  Pacific  Ocean,  15  miles  W.  of  Petalui 
55  miles  N.N.W.  of  San  Francisco.     It  has  warehouiw  , 
grain  (which  is  shipped  here),  2  churches,  and  a  bank.  ! 

Tomales  Bay,  California,  is  an  inlet  of  the  Pae 
Ocean,  from  which  it  extends  southeastward  into  M» 
CO.     It  is  about  14  miles  long  and  2  miles  wide. 

Tomantoul,  to-man-tool',  a  village  of  Scotland, 
of  Banff,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Grantown. 

Tomaszow,  to-mi'shov,  a  town  of  Poland,  gove 
ment  and  66  miles  S.E.  of  Lublin.     Pop.  4861. 

Tomaszow,  a  town  of  Poland,  government  of  Pel 
kau,  on  the  left  bank  of  tho  Pilica,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Rai 
Pop.  7015.  It  was  founded  in  1822.  It  has  iron-foundri 
and  manufactures  of  woollen,  linen,  and  cotton. 

Tomatola,  to-m5t'9-la,  post-office,  Cherokee  co,N 

Tom'berlins,  a  post-office  of  Lonoke  co.,  Ark. 

Tombig'bce    (or    Tombeck'bee)  Rirer,  m 
times  called  the  Bigbce,  rises  in  Prentiss  co.,  in  the  X 
part  of  Mississippi,  and  runs  southward  to  Colunibu»,a  1; 
miles  below  which  it  enters  Pickens  co.,  Ala.    It  next  fl(' 
nearly  southeastward  to  Demopolis,  and  forms  the  boui 
ary  between  the  cos.  of  Sumter,  Choctaw,  and  Wasbinf 
on  the  right  and  Marengo  and  Clarke  on  the  left, 
general  direction  is  nearly  southward.     It  unites  with 
Alabama  River  at  the  S.  extremity  of  Clarke  co.  to  fomi 
Mobile  River.     The  length  of  the  Tombigbee  is  cstinm 
at  500  miles.     The  country  which  it  traverses  is  fertile  f 
nearly  level.    Steamboats  can  ascend  it  to  Columba«,ab 
400  miles  from  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

Tombooctoo,  or  Tombuctoo.    See  TiBBraoo 

Tombs  Run,  a  post-office  of  Lycoming  co.,  P» 


TOM 


2629 


TON 


n>mb8tone,  toom'ston,  a  post-villnge,  the  capital  of 
Coc  se  CO.,  Arizona,  and  a  prouiinont  mining  centre,  about 
«5    les  S.E.  of  Tucson.     Top.  in  1880,  973. 

'jinibulitu,  Central  Africa.     Seo  Timbuctoo. 

'linc«  to'uiA,  a  town  of  Chill,  province  and  20  miles  by 
ni»'  of  Concepcion,  of  which  it  is  a  seaport.     Pop.  3529. 

'ft'mCj  a  village  of  Valencia  co.,  Isevr  Mexico,  180 
mills. W.  of  Otero.     It  has  a  church. 

^nicllosOf  to-mfil-yo'so,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
anJO  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ciudad  Real.     Pop.  7423. 

'Jfm  Cireen,  a  county  in  tlio  W.  |)jirt  of  Texas,  is 
dra  3d  by  the  Concho  River.  The  surface  is  mountainous 
or  I  ly.     Capital,  Ben  Ficklin.     Pop.  in  1880,  3615, 

'J  ni'hnn'nock,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pittstown  township, 
Kei:eliicr  co.,  N.Y.,  about  14  miles  N.E.  of  Troy.  It  has 
2  ctrehes,  a  grist-mill,  3  stores,  and  about  40  houses. 

'lim'hick'en,  a  station  in  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Lcllh  Valley  Railroad,  at  the  E.  terminus  of  the  Dan- 
rilll  Hazlcton  <fe  Wilkcsbarre  Railroad,  8i  miles  AV.  of 
Ilaifton,  and  33  miles  E.  of  Danville. 

'Jfm-Ho,  tom'ho',  a  river  of  China,  descends  from  the 
moikains  near  the  S.  frontiers  of  the  province  of  Shen- 
BeeJnters  the  province  of  Se-Chuen,  flows  S.S.W.,  and 
joisan  affluent  of  the  Yang-tse-Kiang  a  little  below  Pao- 
Kini  after  a  course  of  about  100  miles. 

'jfmina)  to-mce'ni,  a  town  of  J>olivia,  department  and 
60  lies  E.  of  Chuquisaca,  on  the  Guapai. 

'fimiiiie  Bay,  Celebes.     See  Oooso.vg-Tella. 

'ftm'kins  Cove,  a  post-village  in  Stony  Point  town- 
Bhi|Rockland  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River,  about  4 
miljS.W.  of  Peeks  kill.  It  h:is  2  churches,  extensive  lime- 
kili  and  about  100  dwellings. 

'Itin'iinsou,  a  post-oflice  of  Scott  co.,  Ark. 

'ftmlinsou  Stntion,  a  post-ofiice  of  Champaign  co., 
111. In  the  Havana,  Rantoul  &  Eastern  Railroad. 

'imot'ley,  r  post-village  of  Beaufort  of).,  S.C.,  with 
a  tnion  on  the  Port  Royal  &  Augusta  Railroad,  about  15 
milJN.  of  Beaufort. 

'pinp'kins,  a  county  in  the  S.AV.  central  part  of  New 
Yoij  has  an  area  of  about  475  square  milc.».  It  comprises 
thoputhern  part  of  Cayuga  Lake,  the  head  of  which  is 
ne;iihe  middle  of  the  county.  It  is  drained  by  Fall,  Sal- 
iniiiland  other  creeks.  The  surface  is  partly  undulating, 
andp  diversified  with  verdant  hills  and  beautiful  scenery, 
espjially  on  the  shore.''  of  Cayuga  Lake.  About  9  miles 
K.Vof  Ithaca  is  a  cataract  called  Taughannock  Falls,  which 
hast  perpendicular  height  of  190  feet.  This,  says  Prof. 
Jans  Hall,  is  the  highest  fall  in  the  state.  Forests  of 
pin  oak,  ash,  elm,  beech,  sugar-maple,  <fec.,  cover  a  large 
pariif  the  county.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Butter,  hay,  oats, 
yilik,  barley,  Indian  corn,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  prod- 
uct Among  its  minerals  are  Tully  limestone,  Devonian 
ilatfand  sandstone.  Good  flagstones  are  obtained  from 
quisles  of  the  last.  This  county  is  intersected  by  3  rail- 
road— the  Southern  Central,  the  Geneva,  Ithaca  d  Athens, 
and(be  Utica,  Ithaca  A,  Elmira.  The  Cayuga  Lake  Rail- 
roaienuinates  at  Ithaca,  the  capital  of  this  county.  Val- 
natp  of  rciil  and  personal  estate,  $19,078,039.  Pop.  in  1870, 
83j8,  of  whom  31,051  were  Americans;  in  1880,  34,445. 

^mpkiiis,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  III.     P.  2245. 

'knipkius,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Jackson 
co.ilich.     Pop.  1202. 

'wiiipkius,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Toilikius  township,  on  Grand  River,  about  26  miles  S.  of 
Laifng,  and  12  miles  N.W.  of  Jackson.  Pop.  of  the 
toW'hip,  1 164. 

'|>ni|»kiiis,  township,  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.    Pop.  4046. 

l>inp'kins  Cor'iicrs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co., 
N.I  in  I'utnam  Valley  township,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Maho- 
pac    It  has  a  church. 

'j!>inp'kiiisville,  a  post-hainlct  of  Choctaw  co.,  Ala., 
on  limbigbee  River,  30  miles  S.E.  of  York.  It  has  2 
ehi'hes. 

'inipkinsville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Monroe  co., 
Ky  about  50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bowling  Green.  It  has  a 
cou-house  nnd  2  churches.     Pop.  218. 

'.)iiipkinsville,  a  post-office  of  Charles  co.,  Md. 

'>iiipkiniiVille,  a  post-village  in  Castleton  township, 
Riduond  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  New  York  Day  and  the  N.E.  coast 
of  ttten  Island,  6  miles  S.  by  W.  of  New  York.  It  has  4 
chulios,  several  factories,  and  numerous  suburban  resi- 
dei!8.     It  is  on  the  Staten  Island  Railroad. 

'iiiipkinsville,  a  post-ham  let  of  Lackawannaco.,  Pa., 
»b<t  7  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Carbondale.     It  has  a  church. 

'jmp'soii's  Station,  a  post-oETico  and  station  of  Au- 
drtji  CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  St  Northern 
Raload. 


Tom's  Brook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shenandoah  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Valley  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  23 
miles  S.W.  of  Winchester.  It  has  a  manufactory  of  staves 
and  heading. 

Tom's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Surry  co.,  N.C.,  about 
56  miles  N.  of  Salisbury. 

Tom's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  Tcnn. 

Tom's  Fork,  a  station  in  Doddridge  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Middle  Island  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Smithton. 

Tomsk,  tomsk,  a  government  of  West  Siberia,  between 
lat.  49°  and  61°  N.  and  Ion.  75°  and  90°  E.,  having  S. 
Chinese  Toorkistnn,  and  on  other  sides  the  govornmcnls  of 
Tobolsk,  Yeniseisk,  and  Semipalatinsk.  Area,  ;h29,024 
square  miles.  Pop.  838,756.  Princi|)al  rivers,  the  Obi  and 
the  Ishim.  In  the  S.  it  includes  tlie  larger  part  of  Lake 
Balkash,  and  on  the  S.E.  it  extends  to  the  Little  Altai, 
in  which  part,  and  in  the  district  of  Barnaul,  are  some  im- 
portant mining  establishments. 

Tomsk,  a  city,  capital  of  the  above  government,  on 
the  Tom,  a  tributary  of  the  Obi.  Lat.  56°  29'  26"  N., 
Ion.  84°  57'  57"  E.  It  is  mostly  built  of  wood,  but  hat 
substantial  public  buildings,  comprising  a  cathedral,  tribu- 
nals, treasury,  fur-magazines,  barracks,  hospitals,  and  nn 
or])han  asylum.  It  is  the  residence  of  a  bishop,  of  a  civil 
governor,  and  of  the  superintendent  of  the  Albii  mines,  and 
carries  on  a  brisk  trade  in  cattle  and  furs.     Pop.  31,382. 

Toms  River,  a  small  stream  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  runs 
southeastward,  and  enters  Barnegat  Bay  about  6  miles  E. 
of  the  village  of  Toms  River. 

Toms  Itiver,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort,  capi- 
tal of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  in  Dover  township,  on  a  small  river 
of  its  own  name,  and  on  the  Toms  River  Branch  of  the 
New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad,  about  5  miles  from  Barne- 
gat Bay,  and  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Trenton.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  national  bank,  a  fine  hotel,  a  newspaper  ofJice,  nnd  a 
manufactory  of  winter-green  oil.  Sloops  can  ascend  the 
river  to  this  place.  Cranberries  are  extensively  cultivated 
here.     Pop.  about  1200. 

Tonara,  to-ni'i  A,  a  town  of  Sardinia,  12  miles  E.  of 
Busachi.     Pop.  2073. 

Tonawanda,  ton^a-won'da,  a  post-village  of  Erie 
and  Niagara  cos.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Niagara  River,  at  the 
mouth  of  Tonawanda  Creek,  11  miles  N.  of  Buffalo,  and  II 
miles  S.E.  of  Niagara  Falls.  It  is  mostly  in  Tonawanda 
township,  Erie  co.,  is  at  the  junction  of  several  branches  of 
the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  and  is  on  the  Erie  Canal. 
It  has  a  good  harbor,  and  contains  5  churches,  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  machine-shop,  and  several  mills.  Pop. 
in  1880,  3864;  of  the  township,  4909. 

Tonawanda  Creek,  New  York,  rises  near  the  north 
em  border  of  Wyoming  co.,  and  runs  northward  to  Ba- 
tavia.  Below  this  town  it  flows  nearly  westward,  forms  the 
boundary  between  Erie  and  Niagara  cos.,  and  enters  Ni- 
agara River  10  miles  N.  of  Buffalo.     Length,  76  miles. 

Tonbrid^e,  or  Tonbridge  Wells.   See  Ti'NBmnGK. 

Tondella,  ton-dSl'liV,  or  Uestieros,  bds-te-A'roce,  a 
town  of  Portugal,  in  Beira,  10  miles  S.W.  of  \'iseu. 

Tondern,  ton'dem,  or  Tondere,  ton'dcr-^h,  a  town 
of  Prussia,  in  Sleswick,  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Flensburg. 
Pop.  3440,  It  ha?  manufactures  of  fringe,  lace,  and  wool- 
len and  linen  fabrics, 

Tondi,  ton'dee,  a  town  of  India,  presidency  of  Madras, 
64  miles  E,  of  Madura,  on  Palk's  Strait. 

Tondiman,  India,    See  Poodoocottah. 

Tondja,  a  river  of  Roumelia.     See  Toovja. 

Tondo,  ton'do,  a  town  of  the  Philip]iine  Islands,  in 
Luzon,  ca]>ital  of  a  province  of  its  own  name,  on  the  I'asig, 
nearly  o])posite  Manila,  It  has  a  governor's  house,  a  haml- 
some  church,  manufactures  of  silk  and  cotton  goods,  a  valu- 
able fishery,  and  a  considerable  trade,  chiefly  in  the  hands 
of  Metis  and  Chinese, 

TonMon',  a  town  of  Manchooria,  on  the  A  moor,  at  the 
mouth  of  a  small  river  of  its  own  name.  Lat.  49°  30'  N. ; 
Ion.  136°  E. 

Tone,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Somerset,  rises  S.  of 
Brendon  Hill,  flows  S.E.  and  N.E.,  and  joins  the  I'arret 
about  midway  between  Langport  and  Bridgewatcr.  Course, 
30  miles,  for  the  last  10  of  which  it  is  navigable.  Taunton 
is  on  its  S.  bank. 

Tonedagana,  a  county  of  Michigan.    See  Emmktt. 

Tone's  Bayou,  a  post-office  of  Caddo  parish.  La. 

Tonewanto,  a  creek  of  New  York.    Sec  Tonawanda. 

To'ney  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anderson  co.,  S.C,  6 
miles  E.  of  Belton. 

To'ney  Kiver,  a  seaport  of  Nova  Scotia,  co.  of  Piotou, 
at  the  mouth  of  a  river  of  the  same  name  in  Northumber- 
land Strait,  11  miles  from  Pictou.     Pop.  300. 


TON 


2030 


TOO 


To'neytankf  a  hamlet  of  Wioomioo  co.,  Md.,  2  miloa 
fh>m  Salisbury.    It  bos  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Tonga  (tong'gf)  Islands,  a  group  in  the  Paoifio 
Ocean,  composing  a  section  of  the  Friendly  Islands,  lat. 
20°  S.,  Ion.  176°  \V.,  and  comprising  at  least  160  islands, 
the  principal  of  which  are  Tongataboo,  lioscawon,  and  Kep- 
pel  Islands,  Vavao,  Ilapai,  and  Eoa.  Pop.  (including  the 
outlying  islands  of  Ono,  Miohaeloff,  Simonofif,  and  Pyl- 
Btoart),  26,000.  The  people  are  Christians.  See  Prie.noly 
Islands. 

TongaloOf  Mississippi.    See  Touoaloo. 

Tonganoxie,  tSn-g^nSx'e,  a  post-village  of  Leaven- 
worth CO.,  Kansas,  in  Tonganoxie  township,  on  the  Leaven- 
worth Branch  of  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  13  miles  N.E. 
of  Lawrence,  and  21  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Leavenworth.  It  has 
a  graded  school,  a  flouring-mill,  a  cheese-factory,  and  4 
churches.     Pop.  about  600;  of  the  township,  1768. 

Tongataboo,  or  Tongatabu,  tong'a-t&'boo,  written 
also  Tonga,  or  Amsterdam  Island,  one  of  the  south- 
ernmost of  the  Tonga  Islands,  and  the  residence  of  their 
sovereign,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Lat.  21°  4'  S. ;  Ion.  176° 
28'  W.  Circuit,  upwards  of  60  miles.  Surface  low;  soil 
Tory  fertile;  products  comprise  yams,  plantains,  bananas, 
sugar-cane,  fine  timber,  coir,  and  abundant  supplies  of  hogs 
and  other  provisions  adapted  for  shipping.  The  inhab- 
itants have  been  converted  to  Christianity.  Principal  towns, 
Moa  and  Naku.ilo.  This  island  was  discovered  by  Tasman 
in  1643. 

Tong-Chang,  tong^ching',  a  town  of  China,  prov- 
ince of  Shan-Toong,  on  a  river  flowing  into  the  Qulf  of 
Pe-Chee-Lee,  66  miles  S.W.  of  Tsee-Nan. 

Tong'Chow,  tong^ch5w',  a  town  of  China,  province 
of  Pe-Chee-Lee,  on  the  Pei-llo,  26  miles  E.S.E.  of  Peking. 

Tongerloo,  tong^9r-l5'  or  tong^n^r-lo',  a  village  of 
Belgium,  province  and  23  miles  E.  of  Antwerp,  on  the 
Wimpe  and  Steenloop.  Pop.  1919.  Near  it  is  the  abbey 
of  Tongerloo. 

Tong>Gin,  tong^ghin'  or  tong^gheen',  a  town  of  China, 
province  of  Koei-Choo.     Lat.  27°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  108°  66'  E. 

Tongtio,  British  Burmah.     See  Toongoo. 

Tong^koo'  Bay,  or  Urm'ston  Harbor,  an  anchor- 
age in  the  estuary  of  the  Canton  River,  China,  on  its  E. 
side,  6  miles  N.  of  the  island  of  Lantao,  and  between  the 
island  of  Tongkoo  and  the  mainland. 

Tongoos  Tartars,  Siberia.    See  Too.vaoosES. 

Tongoy,  or  Tongoi,  ton-go'e,  sometimes  written 
Tongay,  a  town  of  Chili,  on  Tongoy  Bay,  province  and 
30  miles  S.S.W.  of  Coquimbo.  It  is  connected  by  rail  with 
Tamaya  and  Ovalle.  It  has  smelting-works,  and  exports 
copper.     Pop.  1633. 

'rongres,  toxgr  (Flemish,  Tongern,  tong'?rn  or  tong'- 
n^rn  ;  anc.  Tungri),  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Limbourg,  on 
the  Jaar,  13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hasselt.  Pop.  7147.  It  has 
breweries,  tanneries,  manufactures  of  hats  and  chiccory,  and 
an  active  trade  in  hogs  and  corn. 

Tongsan,  tong^sdn',  or  Tang-Shan,  tiing^sbin', 
an  excellent  harbor  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  China,  province  of 
Fo-Kien.     Lat.  23°  40'  N.;  Ion.  117°  30'  E. 

Tong-Tclioo,  or  Tong-Tchou,  tong'choo',  a  town 
of  China,  in  Shen-See,  60  miles  N.E.  of  See-Ngan. 

Tong-Tchuen,  tong^choo-Sn',  a  town  of  China,  prov- 
ince of  Se-Chuen,  near  its  S.  boundary  and  near  the  xang- 
tse-Kiang.     It  is  important  as  a  military  post. 

Tong-Ting-Hoo,  or  Tong>Ting-Hou,  tong^- 
ting'hoo',  a  large  lake  of  China,  province  of  Iloo-Pe, 
near  the  limit  of  Hoo-Nan.  It  receives  several  large 
rivers,  and  communicates  at  its  N.  extremity  with  the 
Yang-tse-Kiang. 

Tongue  (tung)  River  rises  in  the  Big  Horn  Moun- 
tains, in  the  N.  part  of  Wyoming,  passes  into  Montana, 
runs  in  a  N.N.E.  direction,  and  enters  the  Yellowstone 
River  near  lat.  46°  20'  N.,  Ion.  106°  W.,  about  36  miles  above 
the  mouth  of  Powder  River.     It  is  about  200  miles  long. 

Tonica,  ton'9-ka,  a  post-village  in  Eden  township. 
La  Salle  co..  111.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  9  miles 
S.  of  La  Salle,  and  about  15  miles  N.W.  of  Streator.  It 
has  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  3  churches, 
and  a  flouring-mill. 

Tonk,  a  native  state  of  India,  the  only  Mohammedan 
principality  in  Kajpootana.  Area,  2730  square  miles.  It 
is  composed  of  6  detached  districts,  part  of  which  are  in 
Central  India.     Capital,  Tonk.     Pop.  320,000. 

Tonk,  tonk,  a  town  of  Indit^  capital  of  the  above,  48 
miles  S.  of  Jeypoor.  It  stands  in  a  hollow,  and  is  protected 
by  a  stone  wall. 

Tonkin,  a  province  of  Anam.    See  Tonquin. 
Tonnay- Charente,    ton'n^'-sh&'rANt',  a  town  of 


France,  in  Charento-Inf£rieure,  on  the  Charent*  3  mti 
E.  of  K«ohofort.  Pop.  2203.  It  has  a  port  od  I'h.  riJ! 
for  vessels  of  600  tons.  ^^* 

Tonneins,  ton'niN"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Lot  a 
Garonne,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Garonne,  and  on  ib 
railway  from  Bordeaux  to  Cette,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Mir 
mande.  Pop.  6803.  It  has  manufactures  of  tobacco  am 
cordage,  and  a  trade  in  prunes,  wine,  brandy,  hemp  Ac 

Tonnerre,  ton'naiu',  a  town  of  France,  in  Yonne  0, 
the  loft  bank  of  the  Armanjon,  and  on  the  railway  fro. 
Paris  to  Lyons,  20  miles  E.N. E.  of  Auxerre.  Pop.  I'Ji/i 
It  has  a  communal  college,  a  fine  hospiui,  with  a  monu 
ment  to  Margaret  of  Burgundy,  tanneries,  foundriei,  ooi. 
manufactures  of  woollen  goods,  chocolate,  naili,  and  r». 
nowned  wine. 
Tonnewanda,  New  York.  See  Tonawasda. 
Tdnning,  ton'ning,  T5nningcn,  or  ToenBingen; 
ton'ning-§n,  a  fortified  town  of  Prussia,  29  miles  W.S.\V.oi 
Sleswick,  on  the  Eider,  11  miles  from  its  mouth  in  tht 
North  Sea.     Pop.  3130. 

Tonquin,  or  Tonkin,  ton'keen',  the  northsmmoit 
province  of  Anam,  Southeast  Asia,  between  lat.  lV°tBd 
23°  N.  and  Ion.  102°  and  108°  30'  E.,  having  N.  the  Chi- 
nese  provinces  Quang-Tong,  Quang-See,  and  Yun-Nan,  W, 
the  Laos  country,  S.  Cochin-Chinn,  and  E.  the  Gulf  of 
Tonquin.  Area  and  population  uncertain.  The  sarfac« 
near  the  sea  is  a  rich  alluvial  plain,  and  the  country  ty 
pears  to  be  watered  by  numerous  rivers,  and  of  high  fer- 
tility.  Rice  is  the  chief  grain  raised ;  other  produdi  art 
sugar,  cotton,  spices,  tea,  indigo,  saffron,  silk,  gumi,  rar- 
nishes,  the  precious  metals,  and  many  of  the  other  most 
valuable  articles  of  commerce.  Elephants  are  nnnieroBi ' 
and  other  wild  animals  are  in  great  variety.  The  inhab- 
itants are  mostly  Booddhists.  Ketcho,  the  capital,  :inl 
Ilean,  on  the  Sang-Koi  River,  are  the  principal  ; 
known  to  Europeans,  by  whom  the  interior  has  not 
explored.  Tonquin  was  conquered  by  the  Chinese  in  \-tm, 
and  by  the  Anamese  in  1790.  See  also  Sang-Koi  and  Gixrl 
OF  Tonquin.  I 

Tdnsberg,  tons'bfiRO,  a  seaport  town  of  Norway. 
of  Aggershuus,  on  an  inlet  of  the  Christiania  Fi" 
miles  S.W.  of  Christiania.  Pop.  4641.  It  has  toij 
factories,  distilleries,  and  a  good  harbor;  it  exports  ti 
and  fish.  The  Oulf  of  Tonsberg  is  an  inlet  of  the  Sk... 
Rack,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Christiania  Fiord. 

Tonti,  ton'to,  a  station  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad 
(Chicago  division),  13  miles  N.E.  of  Centralia,  III. 

Tontogany,  tonHog'a-ne,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co., 
0.,  in  Washington  township,  on  the  Dayton  k  Michifpn 
Railroad,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Toledo.  It  has  3  churchei 
and  a  money-order  post-office.  A  short  railroad  connocti 
it  with  Bowling  Green. 

Tontoli,  ton-to'lee,  a  town  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  Cele- 
bes, on  a  bay,  capital  of  a  state  of  its  own  name.  Kear  it 
are  gold-mines. 

To'ny,  a  post-office  of  Lewis  co.,  Tenn.,  42  miles  S.W. 
of  Columbia. 

Tonyn  (to'nin)  Islands,  a  small  group  in  the  Malay 
Archipelago,  Strait  of  Macassar,  AV.  of  Celebes.  Lat.  4* 
33' S.;  Ion.  118°  34'  E. 

Tooareeks,  Tuariks,  Touariks,  or  "roaaryki, 
too-i-reeks'  or  too-i-riks',  a  people  of  Africa,  in  Sahara. 

Tooat,  Touat,  Tuat,  too'dt',  or  Tawat,  ti-wli', 
an  oasis  of  Africa,  in  Sahara,  nearly  equidistant  from  Mo- 
rocco, Algeria,  Tunis,  and  Fezzan.     Chief  town,  Agably.    ; 

Toobaung,  a  lake  of  Canada.    See  DooBAUJrr.  | 

Toobonai,  too'bo-ni',  an  island  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  | 
lat.  23°  23'  S.,  Ion.  149°  24'  W.,  one  of  the  Society  Island*, 
6  miles  in  circuit.     It  was  discovered  by  Cook  in  1777. 

Toobooai,  Toubouai,  or  Tubuai,  too-boo-i',  or  1 
Ans'tral,  a  group  of  islands  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean, 
S.  of  the  Society  Islands  and  Low  Archipelago.    Lat.  21° 
50'  to  23°  42'  S. ;  Ion.  147°  11'  to  155°  W.    The  principal 
islands  of  the  group  are  Vavitao,  the  largest;  Toobooai 
proper,  which  is  not  more  than  5  miles  in  extent;  and  One-  1 
teroa,  which  is  1300  feet  high,  and  ha«  a  numerou*  and  . 
inoffensive  population.  . 

Tooele,  too-el'e,  a  large  county  in  the  W.  part  of 
Utah,  borders  on  Nevada.  It  is  bounded  on  theN.h.by 
Great  Salt  Lake,  and  on  the  E.  by  the  Oquirrh  MonnUins. 
It  comprises  part  of  the  Great  Basin,  or  Salt  Lake  Desert, 
in  which  timber  and  fresh  water  arc  very  scarce.  The  »ur- 
face  is  mostly  an  arid  treeless  table-land.  The  foil  re- 
quires irrigation  to  render  it  fertile.  Wheat,  wool,  oatJ, 
and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Tooele.  \  a  • 
nation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $464,670.  Pop.  m  im, . 
2177,  of  whom  1360  were  Americans;  in  1880,  4497  "    ! 


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2631 


TOO 


j[  ooelet  a  post-Tillage,  capital  of  Tooele  ec,  Utah,  on 
t)  UUh  Western  Railroad,  32  miles  S.W.  of  Salt  Lake 
( J.  It  has  3  churches,  a  tannery,  a  flour-mill,  and  2 
c^-mills.     Pop.  about  lOUO. 

I'ooggoort,  Touggourt,  or  Tuggurt,  toog'goort', 
tiown  of  North  Africa.  Lat.  32°  46'  N. ;  Ion.  5°  40'  E. 
JToola,  Toula,  or  Tula,  too'14,  a  river  of  the  Chi- 
iije  Empire,  in  Kbalkas  Country,  joins  the  Orkhon  110 
iijes  S.S.W.  of  Kiakhta,  after  a  S.W,  and  N.W.  course  of 
2f  miles. 

Iroola,  too'lH,  or  Tola,  to'li,  an  island  on  the  coast 
ojZanguebar,  lat.  1°  0'  S.,  Ion.  42°  3'  30"  E.,  belonging 
t  ^he  Juba  group,  is  long  and  narrow,  and  has  on  its  shores 
rps  of  chapels,  castellated  buildings,  and  fiictorial  resi- 
(iiees  connected  with  the  early  Portuguese  settlements, 
'lie  Soallese,  who  inhabit  it,  feed  their  cattle  and  sheep  on 
ijlow  bushes  and  stunted  grass. 

jToola,  or  Tola,  a  river  on  the  above  island,  is  shallow 
aithe  entrance,  but  deep  within. 

f  oola,  Toula,  or  Tula,  too'li,  a  government  of 
Ifopean  Russia,  nearly  in  its  centre,  mostly  between  lat. 
if  and  55°  N.,  Ion.  36°  and  38°  40'  E.,  having  E.  Riazan, 
SOrel,  W.  Kalooga,  and  N.  the  government  of  Mos- 
c^.  Area,  11,956  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1882,  1,340,866. 
Lis  densely  peopled.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The 
(b  forms  all  the  N.B.  and  N.  boundary,  and  the  Don  and 
(pa  rise  in  this  government.  The  chief  crops  are  corn, 
bins,  mustard,  turnips,  hemp,  tobacco,  and  potatoes. 
Ssep,  cattle,  and  horses  are  extensively  reared.  Some 
iijriorcoal  is  met  with,  and  iron-mines  extend  over  an 
aia  of  10  square  miles  near  the  capital,  but  iron  is  a  chief 
iport  for  the  manufactures  of  Toola.  Toola  has  exten- 
so  breweries  and  distilleries,  manufactories  of  leather  and 
Ist  sugar,  and  exports  corn,  hemp,  flax,  cutlery,  fire-arms, 
Ifdware,  and  jewelry.  The  chief  towns  are  Toola,  Venev, 
(piev,  and  Novosil. 

jToola,  Toula,  or  Tula,  capital  of  the  above  gov- 
ejimcnt,  is  an  important  manufacturing  town  on  the  Oopa, 
f  miles  S.  of  Moscow.  Pop.  in  1882,  6.3,510.  It  is  the 
'fhefiield  and  Birmingham"  of  Russia,  and  has  a  fine  ap- 
l^rance.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  several  convents,  about 
ii  churches  (one  of  which  is  a  very  handsome  structure, 
sprned  with  marble  columns),  a  free  school  and  gym- 
i^ium,  trades,  foundling,  and  other  hospital:!,  a  house 
ocorrection,  prison,  arsenal,  theatre,  museum,  and  a  vast 
r.nufactory  of  arms,  which  owes  its  origin  to  Peter  the 
(eat.  The  articles  produced  are  of  good  quality,  and  the 
wkpeople  enjoy  peculiar  privileges  and  immunities, 
jipla  has  also  manufactures  of  mathematical  and  scientific 
iitruments,  jewelry,  platina-wares,  silks,  hats,  and  leather. 
}d8  the  residence  of  a  military  governor,  a  bishop's  see, 
ei  the  seat  of  a  chamber  of  manufactures.  In  its  vicinity 
ef  many  gardens,  orchards,  and  nursery-grounds. 
iToolcha,  Toultcha,or  Tultcha,  tool'chi,  written 
(0  Tuldja,  a  town  of  Roumania,  in  Dobrudja,  on  the 
J^nube,  40  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Tooley's,  too'liz,  a  post-office  of  Concordia  parish.  La, 
Tooley's  Corners,  Ontario.  See  Cartwright. 
Toolos,  Toulos,  or  Tulos,  too'los,  a  lake  of  Rus- 
t;,  in  the  N.W.  of  the  government  of  Olonets,  about  24 
ijles  long  from  N.W.  to  S.E.  by  6  miles  broad.  Its  banks 
IB  steep,  and  it  contains  several  islands.  It  has  no  visible 
diet,  though  several  lakes  send  their  waters  into  it. 
rToolsborough,  toolz'bur-riih,  a  post-village  in  Jef- 
lj|8on  township,  Louisa  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Iowa  River,  about 
^Jniles  from  its  mouth,  and  22  miles  S.  of  Muscatine. 
h.  160. 

JToomat,  Toumat,  or  Tnmat,  too'mit',  written 
io  Alaleg,  a  river  of  Central  Africa,  in  South  Nubia, 
.Jnsthe  Bahr-el-Azrek  near  lat.  11°  20'  N.,  Ion.  34°  45'  E. 
JToo'mavar'ra,  a  village  of  Ireland,  in  Munster,  co. 
(ITipperary,  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Nenagh.  Pop.  885. 
Toombsborough,  toomz'biir-riih,  or  Tooms'bor- 
'igh,  a  post-village  of  Wilkinson  co.,  Qa.,  on  the  Oconee 
ver,  and  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia,  36  miles 
of  Macon.     It  has  2  or  3  churches,  and  grist-  and  saw- 

!  lis. 

Toombuddra,  toom-biid'dra,  or  Toongabuddra, 

m-ga-bud'dra,  a  river  of  India,  formed  by  the  junction 
'  the  Toonga  and  Buddra  in  Mysore,  flows  N.  and  E.,  and 
ins  the  Kistnah  15  miles  N.E.  of  Kurnool.  In  parts  of 
ijl  course  it  separates  the  presidency  of  Madras  from  the 
|mbay  presidency  and  territory  of  the  Nizam.  Length, 
!8  miles ;  or  to  remotest  source,  about  390  miles. 
jToomcoor,  toom'koor',  or  Toom^koor',  a  town  of 
•dia,  capital  of  Toomcoor  district,  45  miles  N.W.  of 
iugalore.     Pop.  11,170. 


Toomcoor,  Toomkoor,  or  Tumkur,  toom'koor', 
a  district  of  India,  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Mysore.  Area, 
3603  square  miles.     Capital,  Toomcoor.     Pop.  632,239. 

Toomen,  Tonnien,  or  Tumen,  too-ni4n',  a  river 
of  Corea,  forms  a  part  of  the  boundary  between  it  and 
Manchooria,  and  enters  the  Sea  of  Japan  near  lat.  42°  30' 
N.,  after  a  N.E.  and  S.E.  course  of  200  miles. 

Toomes's  Grant,  a  township  of  Tehama  co.,  CaL 
Pop.  40. 

Toomsal,  or  Tumsal,  toom'sal,  written  also 
Toomsur  and  Tumsar,  toom'siir,  a  town  of  India, 
district  and  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bhundara.     Pop.  7367. 

Toomsuba,  toom-soo'ba,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lauderdale 
00.,  Miss.,  on  the  Alabama  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  13 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Meridian.     It  has  3  churches. 

Toon,  toon,  a  town  of  Persia,  province  of  Yezd,  45 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Tabas. 

Toone's  Station,  a  post-village  of  Hardeman  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  R.ailroad, 
20  miles  S.  of  Jackson,  and  7  miles  N.  of  Bolivar.  It  haa 
2  churches. 

Toongabuddra,  a  river  of  India.    See  Toombuddra. 

Toong-Hai.    See  China  Sea. 

Toong-  (Toung-  or  Tung-)  Kiang,  toong'ke-4ng' 
("east  river"),  a  river  of  China,  rises  in  a  mountainous 
district  near  the  S.  frontiers  of  the  province  of  Kiang-See, 
enters  the  province  of  Quang-Tong,  flows  S.W.  to  Hoei- 
Choo,  then  nearly  W.,  and,  dividing  into  several  branches, 
falls  into  the  bay  21  miles  E.S.E.  of  the  town  of  Canton, 
after  a  course  of  about  250  miles. 

Toongooses,  Toungouses,  or  Tunguses,  toong- 
goo's^z,  or  Toongoos  Tartars,  a  wandering  people  of 
Siberia,  chiefly  in  the  government  of  Yeniseisk. 

Toongooska,  Toungouska,  or  Tunguska, 
toong-goos'ki,  three  rivers  of  Siberia,  tributary  to  th« 
Yenisei,  and  all  flowing  to  it  from  the  E. 

Toong-Tao,  a  Chinese  name  of  Figasi-Sima. 

Tooiya,  Toun^ja,  or  Tundja,  toon'ji,  a  river  of 
Roumelia,  in  Adrianople,  rises  on  the  S.  slope  of  the  Bal- 
kans, flows  first  E.,  then  S.E.,  and  falls  into  the  Maritza 
near  Adrianople.     Length,  150  miles. 

Too^noor',  a  city  of  India,  in  Mysore,  10  miles  N-W 
of  Seringapatam.     It  has  a  large  reservoir  of  water. 

Too-Ping-Ling,  or  Tou-Ping-Ling,  too'ping*- 
ling',  a  mountain  of  China,  province  of  Kan-Soo.  Lat.  35° 
23'  N. ;  Ion.  103°  55'  E.    It  is  covered  with  perpetual  snow. 

Toora,  Toura,  or  Tura,  too'rS,  a  river  of  West  Si- 
beria, governments  of  Perm  and  Tobolsk,  joins  the  Tobol 
70  miles  S.S.W.  of  Tobolsk,  after  a  S.  course  of  300  miles. 

Tooravanoor,  tooV&-v&-noor',  a  town  of  India,  in 
Mysore,  60  miles  S.W.  of  Bellary.     Pop.  5072. 

Toarboot,  Tourbout,  or  Turbut,  toor'boot',  a 
town  of  Persia,  in  Khorassan,  60  miles  S.  of  Meshed. 

Toorcomans,  Asia.    See  Tooukomans. 

Too'rek,  or  Turek,  too'rek,  a  town  of  Russia,  goT- 
ernment  and  28  miles  N.E.  of  Kalisz.     Pop.  7110. 

Toorfan,  Tourfan,  or  Turfan,  toor^fin',  an  active 
volcano  in  a  mountain-chain  N.  of  the  town  of  Toorfan. 

Toorfan,  Tourfan,  or  Turfan,  a  town  of  Chinese 
Toorkistan,  180  miles  W.  of  Khamil. 

Toorgai,  or  Turgai,  toou-ghl',  a  province  of  Asiatic 
Russia,  extending  N.  and  N.E.  from  the  Aral  Sea.  Area, 
202,183  square  miles.     Capital,  Toorgai.     Pop.  289,930. 

'Toorgai,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia,  capital  of  the  pror 
ince  of  Toorgai,  280  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Akmollinsk. 

Toorinsk,  Tourinsk,  or  Turinsk,  too-rinsk',  a 
town  of  Siberia,  government  and  140  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Tobolsk,  on  the  Toora,  an  affluent  of  the  Obi.     Pop.  3646. 

Toorinsk,  Tourinsk,  or  Turinsk,  too-rinsk', 
NrzH.NEE,  nizh'nec,  and  Verkhsee,  vdrK'nee,  two  con- 
tiguous towns  of  Asiatic  Russia,  government  of  Perm,  im- 
mediately E.  of  the  Ural  Mountains,  50  miles  S.W.  of 
Verkhotoorie,  with  valuable  iron-mines. 

Toorkhal,  Tourkhal,  Turkhal,  or  Turkhall, 
toor'kil'  (anc.  Sebattop'olis),  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  about 
35  miles  S.E.  of  Amasia,  on  the  Yeshil-Irmak,  at  the  foot 
of  an  almost  perpendicular  rock,  surmounted  by  an  old 
castle.  It  consists  of  800  or  900  houses,  and  its  environs, 
as  in  the  time  of  Strabo,  are  covered  by  fine  vineyards, 
cultivated  by  Armenians  and  Greeks.  Lat.  39°  58'  N.; 
Ion.  36°  48'  E. 

Toorkistan,  or  Turkistan,  toon'kis-t&n',  a  wide 
region  of  Central  Asia,  partly  included  in  the  Chinese  Em- 
pire, and  partly  subdivided  among  several  independent 
states  and  hordes,  its  two  portions  being  separated  chiefly 
by  the  table-land  of  Pameer,  the  Bolor-Tagh,  and  the  Mooz- 
Tagh,     In  maps  it  is  sometimes  called  Bucharia, — Great 


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2632 


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BrcnAniA  being  a  name  Applied  to  ^Vo«t  ToorltisUn,  and 
LiTTLR  UuCHARiA  to  Oliinese  or  East  ToorlciHtnn.  Went 
Toorkistan  is  principally  inoludod  in  tho  Russian  provinoc; 
of  Conlral  A«iiv, — tho  nomimvlly  independent  sttites,  like 
Uukhiini,  boinj;  really  under  UuHsian  control,  except  in  the 
S.,  where  there  are  several  extensive  districts  whioh  ao- 
kno\vlod;;e  the  authority  of  the  Ameer  of  Cabuol,  for  which 
reason  this  territory  is  sometimes  culled  Al'^^han  Toorkistan. 

CiiiXKSK  TooiiKiSTAX  (Ghino:<o,  Thinn-Shan-Nan-Loo ; 
i.e.,  the  "country  S.  of  tho  Thian-Shan")  is  between  lat. 
36°  and  43°  N.  aud  Ion.  72°  and  UO"  E. ;  bounded  N.  by  the 
'I'liian-Shan  Mountains,  whioh  separate  it  from  Soonf^aria, 
W.  by  the  table-land  of  Pameer.  S.  by  tho  Kuen-Lun  Moun- 
tains, dividing  it  from  West  Thibet,  S.E.  and  S.  by  the 
Desert  of  Gobi,  of  which  it  includes  a  portion.  Length, 
from  W.  to  E.,  about  1250  miles;  breadth,  estimated  at 
from  300  to  550  miles.  Area,  500,000  square  miles.  It  is 
enclosed  on  three  sides  by  lofty  mountain -ranges,  and  on 
the  \i.  by  a  plateau.  The  centre  of  the  country  forms  the 
basin  of  the  Lop  Nor,  a  lake  70  miles  in  length,  fed  from 
the  \V.  by  the  Tarim  and  its  five  great  tributaries,  the  Zcr- 
afshan,  Kashgar,  Yarkand,  Yurung-Ka8h,and  Aksoo  Rivers. 
Its  ba!<in  is  almost  wholly  a  sandy  waste,  and  it  is  estimated 
that  threo-fuurths  of  Chinese  Toorkistan  are  covered  with 
deserts;  but  around  tho  declivities  and  bases  of  tho  moun- 
tains in  the  N.W.  and  S.  the  lands  are  in  some  districts 
very  fertile.  The  heat  in  summer  is  great;  in  winter,  frost 
and  snow,  though  common  in  the  W.,  are  rare  in  the  E. 
Abundant  rains  occur  at  this  season  in  the  mountains,  but 
seldom  in  the  lower  country,  where  water  for  irrigation  is 
carefully  preserved  in  reservoirs.  On  the  declivities  and 
borders  of  the  mountains,  rice,  wheat,  millet,  pulses,  and 
grains  common  in  Europe,  with  sesamum  and  other  oil- 
seeds, cotton,  (fee,  are  raised  in  considerable  quantities, 
besides  hemp,  flax,  and  dye-plants.  Grapes,  melons,  pome- 
granates, and  other  fruits  of  southern  climates  come  to 
great  perfection ;  mulberry  plantations  are  numerous,  and 
much  silk  is  produced.  The  rearing  of  live-stock  is  the 
chief  branch  of  rural  industry.  Most  of  tho  surface,  where 
it  is  rendered  verdant  by  sufficient  irrigation,  is  employed 
in  pasturing  horses,  yak,  and  other  cattle,  camels,  and 
sheep;  the  horses  of  this  region  are  in  high  repute,  and  are 
sent  in  large  numbers  to  China,  Thibet,  and  adjacent  coun- 
tries. Wild  horses,  camels,  and  asses  abound  in  herds  on 
the  Lop  desert.  The  argali  or  wild  sheep,  some  antelopes, 
the  tiger,  wolf,  jackal,  lynx,  and  fox,  are  among  the  other 
wild  animals  ;  the  ranges  of  the  Thian-Shan  are  the  native 
country  of  the  two-humped  or  Bactrian  camel.  Gold  is 
found  in  the  Thian-Shan,  and  in  the  affluents  of  the  Yurung- 
Kash;  copper,  iron,  nitre,  asbestos,  and  agate  are  also  mot 
with ;  sal-ammoniac  and  sulphur  in  great  quantities  in  the 
volcanic  districts  of  Bogdo  Oola  and  around  Toorf^.  The 
most  remarkable  mineral  product  is  jasper,  which  is  raised 
from  the  bed  of  the  Yurung-Kash  and  Karakash,  in  the 
Varkand  province;  and  about  70  miles  S.E.  of  Yarkand  is 
a  rock  stated  to  be  wholly  composed  of  this  stone.  At  all 
these  localities  Chinese  soldiers  are  stationed  to  supervise 
tho  operations  for  procuring  the  jasper,  the  whole  of  the 
produce  being  ofticially  sent  to  Peking. 

Chinese  Toorkistan  has  an  extensive  trade,  chiefly  with 
Cashmere,  the  Russian  Empire.  China,  and  Thibet.  The 
caravans  from  Peking  to  Yarkand  employ  from  three  to 
six  months  on  their  route,  and  bring  tea,  silver,  porcelain, 
and  numerous  other  manufactured  goods,  taking  back  silk, 
horses,  cattle,  and  dyes.  From  Cashmere,  by  way  of  Yar- 
kand, are  brought  shawls,  kincobs,  and  white  cloth,  in  re- 
turn for  Russian  goods,  tanned  leather,  gold  and  silver, 
embroidery,  rice,  China  wares,  and  Thibet  shawl-wool; 
from  Uudukhshan,  slaves  and  gems,  in  return  for  silver 
and  tea.  From  Andad-Khan,  in  Ferghana,  woollens  and 
other  manufactured  goods  are  brought  on  horses,  mules, 
and  camels  to  Kashgar,  where  they  are  exchanged  for 
Chinese  produce;  the  routes  from  the  two  latter  countries 
respectively  traverse  the  two  main  passes  across  the  lofty 
table-land  of  Pameer.  Many  merchants  of  Chinese  Toor- 
kistan go  to  Tobolsk  with  cotton  stufls,  tea,  rhubarb,  and 
sal-ammoniac,  and  return  with  broadcloth,  brocades,  bul- 
lion, gold  coin,  copper,  iron,  steel,  and  furs  ;  and  the  same 
kinds  of  merchandise  come,  by  way  of  Kooldja,  to  Aksoo, 
the  exi)orts  from  which  town  are  chiefly  cotton,  silk,  cotton 
fabrics,  leather,  pottery,  and  fruit.  Y'arkand  is  the  chief 
emporium  of  trade,  and  is  a  large  mart  for  Chinese  goods. 
The  other  principal  cities  and  towns  are  Khamil,  Pijan, 
Toorfan,  Karachar,  Kutche,  Aksoo,  and  Useh,  along  the  N, 
route,  below  the  Thian-Shan  ;  Kashgar,  the  city  second  in 
Importance,  towards  the  W.  frontier;  and  Karakash,  Kho- 
jern  Kiria,  and  Pcim,  in  the  S. 


The  great  bulk  of  the  inhabitants  are  of  the  Turklibr»« 
or  Oozboks ;  they  are  superior  in  civiliiLuiion  to  lh«  Ootbek 
of  Bokhara,  and   speak    the   purest  of  Turkiith  diiti 
Taujiks  or  Persians,  Elouths,  Cashuieriann,  Tungtni  *il 
all    Mohammedans,  are   among   tho   population,    in  ih 
N.W.  are  some  Kirghcc^  settlers;  ut  Kluiinil,  munT  Klmi- 
Calniucks ;   and  on   the  banks  of  the  Lop  Nor  arc  t  f- 
pe<)j)lo  who,  although  they  speak  TurUisli,  are  not  Mnham 
mcdans;  they  are  occupied  in  fishing,  trailing  in  fui-      ' 
swans'  down,  and  weaving  flax  and  wild  lieiuii.    (  i 
merchants  in  the  towns,  a  few  Hindoos,  Jcw«,  nml  i 
tians,  Mongols  in  tho  E.,  and  Manchoos  in  the  Uium 
army,  make  up  nearly  the  rest  of  the  inliabitunt*.    Th 
Chinese  troops  which  garrison  the  principal  uilius  annmn 
in  all  to  between  20,000  and  30,000  men,  under  Munch© 
officers.     At  all  the  custom-house  stations  the  officiuU  »r 
half  Manchoos  and   half  Oozbeks.     Europeans  are  inttr 
dieted  from  entering  the  country. 

This  region  formed  anciently  a  part  of  the  torrilnrv  .  i 
tho  lliong-Nu  ;  it  was  subjected  by  the  Chinese  in  lli, 
century  a.i>.,  and  from  the  fifth  to  the  eeventecnth 
tury  it  was  successively  under  the  dominion  of  Tliibii 
goot,  Jenghis  Khan,  Tamerlane,  the  Elcuths,  and  the 
garians.     It  was  conquered  by  the  Chinese  enipurur  i 
Loong  ih  1755-58,     In   1820-27  a  great  insurrcclimi 
place  under  Jehln-Geer,  one  of  its  khodjas  or  prince-, 
with  aid  from  Khokan,  defeated  an  army  of  (ill, DUO  (':, 
in  three  battles;  but  tho  latter  finally  prevailed,  hi. 
chief  authorities   of  the  province  were  tninsl'crrcil 
Kashgar  to  Yarkand.     An  insurrection  whiuli  broke  - 
1862  led  to  the  independence  of  East  Toorkistan, 
Y'akoob  Ooshbegi,  a  merciless  tyrant,  who  ruled  at  K:i 
but  upon    his  deatli  tho  Chinese  easily  reconquer 
country,  putting  to  death  thousands  of  the  n:itivc«:  i 
N.W.,  howevec,  a  considerable  region  had  already  putat. 
under  Russian  control. 

Toorkistan,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia,  government  o( 
Syr-Darya,  150  miles  N.W.  of  Tashkend.     Pop.  SiDU.      I 

Toorkomans,  or  Turcomans,  toor'ko-mint',  k  nn 
tion  of  Tartars,  originally  inhabiting  the  E.  shurcii  i ; 
Caspian  Sea,  hut  who  are  now  spread  not  only  overT. 
tan,  but  over  Persia,  Afghanistan,  and  aconsi(lcniblc|. 
of  Asiatic  Turkey.   They  lead  a  wandering  life,  and  i 
tents.  They  are  said  to  bo  excellent  horsemen,  and  t" 

hardy  and  brave  soldiers. Adj.  TooitK  or  Tooiit,  an. 

Tooii^koman'. 

Tooron,  Touron,  or  Turon,  too'ron',  a  town  of! 
Anam,  in  Indo-China,  capital  of  a  jji-ovince,  on  a  < 
near  its  mouth  in  a  fine  bay.    Lat.  16°  7'  3"  N. ;  Ion. 
13'  E.     Its  harbor  is  defended  by  two  forts  of  Euii.j.v... 
construction,  and  it  formerly  exported  cotton  to  China.      I 

Toorookhansk,  Touruukhansk,  or  Turu« 
khansk,  too-roo-Kinsk',  a  town  of  Siberia,  govcrnineDl! 
of  Y^eniseisk,  on  the  Yenisei,  near  the  influx  of  tho  Tuu-j 
rookha  River.     Lat.  61°  N. ;  Ion.  90°  30'  E.     Pup.  216. 

Toorshcez,  Tourchiz,  or  Turshiz,  toor'»hcei', i 
town  of  Persia,  province  of  Khorassan,  7(3  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Meshed,  on  tho  route  from  Herat  to  Astrabiul. 

Toowoomba,  too-woom'bd,  a  town  of  Queensland, 
on  Darling  Downs,  1940  feet  above  sea-level,  and  at  a  rail- 
way junction,  102  miles  W.  of  Brisbane.     Pop.  4(195. 

Too-Yan,  or  Tou-Yan,  too^ydn',  a  city  of  Chin*, 
province  of  Koei-Choo,  lat.  26°  10'  N.,  Ion.  107°  22'  E. 

Tooz-Golee,or  Tuz-Goli,  tooz-go'lee\  written  also 
Tuz-Ghicul  (anc.  IWlua  Tatie'ns?),  a  large  salt  lake  of 
Asia  Minor,  its  centre  in  lat.  38°  40'  N.,  Ion.  33°  30'  L 
Length,  45  miles;  greatest  breadth,  16  miles.  Height  above 
the  sea,  2500  feet.  It  receives  some  small  rivers,  but  dur- 
ing a  part  of  the  year  its  bed  is  wholly  dry. 

Tooz-Gool,  Touz-Goul,  Tuz-Giil,  tooz-gool' 
{i.e.,  "salt  lake"),  or  Temourtou-Nor,  tA-moor-tw' 
nor,  a  lake  of  Russian  Toorkistan,  lat.  42°  30'  N.,  and 
between  Ion.  77°  and  79°  E.,  100  miles  S.  of  Lake  Balkash. 
Length,  from  E.  to  W.,  90  miles;  breadth,  30  miles. 

Toozkoormaty,  Touzkourmaty,  or  'fuzkur* 
maty,  tooz-koor-m&'tee,  a  large  village  of  Turkish  Koor- 
distan,  67  miles  N.E.  of  Samarrah. 

Toozia,  or  Tuzia,  tooz'li,  a  river  of  Asiatic  Turkcr, 
descends  from  the  S.W.  slope  of  Mount  Ida,  and  falls  into 
the  Archipelago  about  10  miles  N.E.  of  Cape  Baba.  Lcnglb, 
50  miles. 

ToozIa,  or  Tuzia,  a  river  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  jomJ 
the  Moorad-Chai,  a  branch  of  tho  Euphrates.  Length,  50 
miles. 

Topayos,  a  river  of  Brazil.    See  Tapajos. 

Topdals,  top'dils,  a  river  of  Norway,  falls  into  the 
Topdals-Fiord  E.  of  Christiansand.    Total  course,  80  inilM' 


TOP 


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TOR 


'Jipe'ka,  a  post-village  of  Mason  co.,  III.,  in  Quiver 
tow  hip,  on  the  Quiver  River,  and  on  the  Peoria,  Pekin  <fe 
Jacjonville  Riiilroad,  23  miles  S.W.  of  Pekin.  It  has  a 
chnp  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  150. 

'J>pcka,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Kansas,  and  of  Shawnee 
CO.,  situated  on  both  banks  of  the  Kansas  River,  45  miles 
^V.^  V.  of  Leavenworth,  29  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Lawrence, 
and^  miles  W.  of  Kansas  City,  Mo.  Lat.  39°  3'  N. ;  Ion. 
95° p'  W.  It  is  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  <fc  Santa  F6 
Riiipad  where  it  crosses  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  and 
Is  a\  the  W.  terminus  of  the  Kansas  Midland  Railroad. 
It  ilvell  built,  and  has  wide  straight  streets  which  cross 
one  pother  at  right  angles.  It  contains  a  handsome  state- 
houi  22  churches,  2  national  banks,  several  other  banks, 
a  colt-house,  a  high  school,  Washburn  College  (Congrega- 
tionj),  the  college  of  the  Sisters  of  Bethany  (Episcopal), 
and  ^Catholic  seminary.  Three  daily  and  4  weekly  news- 
papi  are  published  here.  Topeka  has  3  flouring-mills,  a 
rollik-mill,  2  iron-foundries,  a  pottery,  2  brick-kilns,  a 
can-be- factory,  a  cracker- factory,  2  breweries,  <fec.  The 
greajr  portion  of  the  city  is  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  river, 
whi(  is  here  crossed  by  an  iron  bridge.  The  machine- 
shof  of  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad  are 
locaa  here.  The  State  Asylum  for  the  Insane  is  situated 
aboi'|2  miles  W.  of  the  state-house.  Bituminous  coal  is 
founlin  the  vicinity.  Topeka  was  incorporated  as  a  city 
in  lijr,  and  became  the  capital  of  the  state  in  1861.  Pop. 
in  l;S),  5790;  in  1875,  7272;  in  1880,  15,452;  (pop.  of  To 
pekfjownship,  additional,  2233);  in  1890,  31,007. 

Tt>han6,  to'fA-n4^  ("an  arsenal"),  a  suburb  of  Con- 
gtankople,  at  the  E.  extremity  of  the  peninsula  N.  of  the 
GolJa  Horn,  and  immediately  N.E.  of  Galata.  It  com- 
priscian  arsenal  and  cannon-foundry  (whence  its  name), 
exteive  artillery  barracks,  yards  for  building  caiques,  a 
fiao  Iblic  fountain,  and  a  quay,  which  is  the  usual  place 
of  eiiarkation  for  Scutari. 

Tpino,  to-pee'no,  a  river  of  Central  Italy,  joins  the 
Tibejrom  the  E.,  7  miles  S.  of  Perugia.     Course,  30  miles. 

Tipin's  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  AV,  Va. 

T  »l,  or  Topla,  a  river  of  Hungary.     See  Topoly. 

Ttlicza,  or  Toplitza,  to-plit'si,  a  river  of  Servia, 
join:  he  East  Morava  10  miles  N.E.  of  the  village  of  To- 
j)licz  and  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Orkub. 

Ti^litz,  Tocplitz,  top'lits,  or  Teplitz,  tSp'lits,  a 
cownnd  watering-place  of  Bohemia,  on  its  N.W.  frontier, 
16  10  ;s  N.W.  of  Leitmeritz,  in  a  valley  of  the  Erz-Gebirge, 
Stati  ary  pop.  10,115.  It  is  neatly  built,  and  consists 
mostiof  inns,  lodging-houses,  and  bathing-establishments. 
The  (lef  buildings  are  the  town  house,  and  the  mansion 
of  Pilee  Clary,  to  whom  the  territory  belongs.  The  prin- 
cipal [ithing-establishments  are  the  Stadtbad,  Fiirstenbad, 
Fiirsfch,  Frauenzimmerbad,  and  Herrnhaus,  all  in  the 
Baad  Platz,  or  Great  Square.  Toplitz  is  a  place  of  resort 
for  tljhighest  personages  in  Germany.  There  are  in  all 
about^O  public  bathing-houses,  and  in  the  suburb  of  Scho- 
nau  £^  baths  with  buildings  equal  in  elegance  to  the  town 
baths!  The  waters  are  saline ;  temperature  in  Toplitz  from 
113°ai9°,  in  Schonau  from  101°  to  104°  Fahr.  Here 
are  notary  hospitals,  a  civil  hospital,  and  one  supported 
by  Pwce  Clary,  the  grounds  of  whose  chateau  are  open  to 
the  pSlic.  Here  are  also  a  theatre,  and  other  appliances 
of  a  Ighly  fashionable  watering-place. 

Tcjlitz,  Hungary.     See  Teplitz. 

Tcjlitza,  a  river  of  Servia.     See  Toplicza. 

Tq  of  Alleghany,  post-office,  Pocahontas  co.,  W.  Va. 

Tojolias,  to-po-lee'4s  ?  (ane.  Copnis),  a  lake  of  Greece, 
in  thejentre  of  Boeotia,  5  miles  E.  of  Livadia.  Length,  16 
miles  l^reatest  breadth,  8  miles.  At  Orchomenus  (Skripu), 
on  itsj^  side,  it  receives  the  river  Gavrios  (anc.  Cephissus). 
It  coEjins  many  islands,  and  is  famous  for  its  eels,  large 
quantjCS  of  which  are  salted  and  exported. 

Toioly,  to'poi',  written  also  Topi  and  Topla,  a  river 
of  Noji  Hungary,  after  a  S.S.E.  course  of  65  miles,  joins 
the  O^iva  13  miles  E.S.E.  of  Kaschau. 

Toolya,  to^pol'yoh,  a  post-village  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Bac",  imiles  N.  of  Hegyes.     Pop.  8086, 

Toflrow,  to-po-rov',  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Galicia. 
Pop  M4. 

Topzero,  to-po-z4'ro,  a  large  lake  of  Russian  Lap- 
land, 1.  of  the  White  Sea.  Length,  50  miles;  breadth,  8 
miles.llt  contains  several  islands. 

Tojping,  a  post-village  in  Perth  co.,  Ontario,  10  miles 
from  J,-atford.     Pop.  280. 

Torak-Kulah,  to'prik'-koo'l4,  or  Kaleh,  ki'l^h,  a 
town  ,  Turkish  Armenia,  75  miles  E.S.E.  of  Erzroom. 
Pop.  a  Turkish  and  100  Armenian  families. 

TOiSail,  a  picturesque  bathing-place  on  Concepcion 
^6 


Bay,  district  of  Harbor  Main,  Newfoundland,  12  milot 
S.W.  of  St.  John's.  It  is  much  resorted  to  during  the  sum- 
mer months.     Pop.  230. 

Top'sail  Sound,  a  post-office  of  Pender  co.,  N.C., 
near  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Wilmington. 

Tops'field,  a  post-village  in  Topsfield  township,  Wash- 
ington CO.,  Me.,  about  34  miles  N.W.  of  Calais.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  463. 

Topsfield,  a  post-village  in  Topsfield  township,  Esse.x 
CO.,  Mass.,  near  the  Ipswich  River,  and  on  the  Boston  & 
Maine  Railroad  (Newburyport  Branch),  25  miles  N.  by  E. 
of  Boston,  and  about  10  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Salem.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  town  hall,  and  manufactures  of  boots  and  shocd. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1221. 

Tops'ham,  a  seaport  town  of  England,  co.  of  Devon, 
on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Exe,  at  the  head  of  its  estuary  nnd 
the  confluence  of  the  Clist,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Exeter,  and 
N.W.  of  Exmouth.  Pop.  2514.  It  is  pleasantly  situated, 
and  has  spacious  wharves,  quays,  and  bonding  warehouses. 

Topsham,  tops'am,  a  post-village  in  Topsham  town- 
ship, Sagadahoc  co.,  Me.,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Androscog- 
gin River,  here  crossed  by  a  bridge,  opposite  Brunswick, 
and  9  miles  W.  of  Bath.  It  is  on  the  Maine  Central  Rail- 
road, 30  miles  N.E.  of  Portland.  It  has  3  or  4  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1498. 

Topsham,  a  post-village  in  Topsham  township.  Orange 
CO.,  Vt.,  about  25  miles  S.E.  of  Montpelior.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  bobbins,  wooden  bowls,  Ac.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 1418. 

Top'ton,  a  post-village  in  Long  Swamp  township, 
Berks  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  East  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Kutztown  Branch,  ISJ  miles  N.E.  of  Read- 
ing. It  has  a  church,  an  iron-furnace,  and  a  planing-mill. 
Iron  ore  is  mined  near  Topton.     Pop.  about  500. 

Toqucrville,  to-kair'vil,  or  To'kerville,  a  post- 
village,  capital  of  Kane  co.,  Utah,  in  the  valley  of  the  Rio 
Virgen,  25  miles  E.N.E.  of  St.  George.  It  has  a  church. 
The  village  is  surrounded  by  grand  mountain-scenery. 
Silver  is  found  hero.     Pop.  in  1880,  371. 

Tor,  a  petty  town  of  Arabia  Pctraja,  on  the  E.  shore  of 
the  Gulf  of  Suez,  lat.  28°  19'  N.,  Ion.  33°  38'  E.,  near  the 
Tor  Mountains.  It  is  a  station  where  caravans  supply 
themselves  with  water,  and  has  an  old  fort,  and  a  harbor 
sheltered  by  a  coral-bank,  on  which  is  a  light-house. 

To'rah,  or  Rich'mond,  a  post-village  of  Stearns  co., 
Minn.,  on  the  Sauk  River,  about  21  miles  W.S.AV.  of  St. 
Cloud.     It  has  a  church.     Hero  is  Torah  Post-Offico. 

Toral  de  la  Vega,  to-ril'  dh  li.  vi'gi,  or  Toral  de 
las  Guzmanes,  to-r3,l'  di  lis  gooth-mi'nSs,  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  22  miles  S.  ftf  Leon,  on  the  Esla. 

ToVat'  Bay,  New  Zealand,  is  on  the  W.  coast  of 
South  Island.     Lat.  43°  37'  S. ;  Ion.  169°  30'  E. 

Torbay',  a  fine  and  highly  picturesque  bay  of  Eng- 
land, an  inlet  of  the  English  Channel,  on  the  E.  coast  of 
the  CO.  of  Devon,  between  the  headlands  Bob's-Nose  and 
Berry  Head,  the  latter  in  lat.  50°  24'  N.,  Ion.  3°  28'  W. 
It  forms  a  semicircular  sweep,  bounded  by  limestone  and 
syenite  cliffs,  abounding  in  fine  marble-quarries,  and  con- 
taining some  very  curious  caves.  It  is  a  general  rendezvous 
for  vessels  during  W.  winds,  and  has  important  fisheries. 
On  its  N.  shore  is  Torquay,  and  on  its  W.  side  is  Brixham. 
Here  William  III.  landed  in  England,  November  5,  1688. 

Torbay,  a  bay  on  the  S.E.  coast  of  Nova  Scotia,  13  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Cape  Canso. 

Torbay',  a  large  fishing  town  on  Tor  Bay,  on  the  E. 
coast  of  Newfoundland,  7  miles  N.  of  St.  John's.     P.  1270. 

Torbiscon,  ton-bees-kon',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Anda- 
lusia, 43  miles  S.E.  of  Granada.     Pop.  1562. 

Tor'brook,  a  post-village  in  Annapolis  co..  Nova  Sco- 
tia, on  Tor  Brook,  5  miles  from  Bridgeto>vn.  It  is  in  a 
fine  agricultural  settlement  on  the  South  Mountain,  and 
contains  a  church,  2  stores,  a  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  a 
cheese-factory.     Pop.  300. 

Torcello,  toR-chSl'lo,  an  island  and  town  of  Italy,  in 
the  lagoon  6  miles  N.E.  of  Venice.  It  was  a  town,  with 
cathedral  and  bishops,  in  the  seventh  century,  but  it  de- 
cayed as  Venice  rose.  It  has  an  old  Byzantine  church, 
and  a  cathedral  of  the  eleventh  century.  The  climate  is 
very  unhealthy. 

'Torch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Athens  co.,  0.,  in  Troy  town- 
ship, on  the  Baltimore  ik  Ohio  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  of 
Parkersburg,  W.  Va.     It  has  2  churches. 

Torch  Lake,  Michigan,  a  beautiful  lake  in  Antrim 
CO.,  is  about  18  miles  long  and  2  or  3  miles  wide.  It  is 
separated  from  Grand  Traverse  Bay  by  a  long  and  narrow 
tract  of  land. 

Torch  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  in  Torch  Lake  township, 


TOR 


2634 


TOR 


ADtrim  oo.,  Mioh.,  on  Grand  Traverse  Bay,  and  on  a  lake 
of  its  own  name,  16  milos  N.  of  Elk  Rivpids.  It  haa  a  lum- 
ber-niill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  104. 

Torch  Lake,  Houghton  00.,  Mich.    See  Lake  Lixden. 

Tordn,  a  Hunxarian  name  of  Tiiorda. 

Tordenskjold,  tur'dcnz-k5ld,  a  post-hamlet  and  town- 
■hip  in  Ottor  Tail  co.,  Minn.,  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Herman 
Station.     It  has  a  lumber-mill.     Pop.  536. 

Torderat  toR-d&'r&,  a  town  of  Spain,  proriaoe  and  40 
niles  N.E.  of  Barcelona.     Pop.  3295. 

Tordesillas,  toR-d&-Boe!'y&9,  a  town  of  Spain,  24 
miles  S.W.  of  Valladolid,  on  the  Douro.     Pop.  3786. 

Tordil'la,  a  jwst-oflace  of  Atascosa  co.,  lox. 

Toreau,  Bayou,  bi'oo  toVO',  Louisiana,  rises  in 
Sabino  parish,  runs  S.W,,  and  enters  the  Sabine  Rivor. 

Torella,  to-r4ri&,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Avellino,  3  miles 
N.W.  of  Sant'  Angelo  dei  Lombardi.     Pop.  2617. 

Torfeckan,  a  village  of  Ireland.    See  Tehmonpeckan. 

Torguii,  toR'gdw,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  on  the 
Elbe,  70  miles  S.S.W.  of  Berlin.  Pop.  10,727.  It  is  en- 
closed by  walls,  and  has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth, 
hosiery,  and  leather.  Frederick  the  Great  took  it  after 
defeating  the  Austrians  on  the  23d  of  November,  1760. 

Torgelow,  toR'gh^h-lov*,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pome- 
rania,  N.W.  of  Stettin,  on  the  Uoker.     Pop.  1888. 

Torget,  toR'gh^t,  a  small  island  of  Norway,  off  the  S.W. 
coast  of  Nordland,  about  lat.  65°  30'  N.  Its  most  remark- 
able feature  is  the  mountain  of  Torghattan,  which  seems  to 
rise  almost  perpendicularly  from  the  water  to  a  height  esti- 
mated at  more  than  2000  feet,  terminates  in  a  deep  cleft, 
forming  the  basin  of  a  small  lake,  and  is  perforated  near 
the  centre  by  a  cavern  6000  feet  long  and  600  feet  high. 

Torigny,  or  Thorigny,  to'reen^yee'  (anc.  Torig- 
neium),  a  town  of  France,  in  Manche,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Saint- 
L6.     Pop.  1967. 

Torino,  to-ree'no,  or  Turino,  too-ree'no,  a  town  of 
Italy,  in  Chieti,  10  miles  N.W.  of  II  Vasto.     Pop.  3573. 

Torino,  a  city  of  Italy.     See  Turin. 

Toriore,  tor'e-or,  a  town  of  India,  district  and  33 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Trichinopoly.     Pop.  6710. 

Toritto,  to-rit'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Bari,  15  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Altamura.     Pop.  5523. 

Torjok,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Torzhok. 

Tormes,  toR'mis,  a  river  of  Spain,  rises  in  the  sierras 
which  divide  Estremadura  from  Old  Castile,  flows  N.,  past 
Alba  de  Tormes  and  Salamanca,  and  joins  the  Douro  on  the 
left.  Length,  150  miles.  Many  battles  were  fought  on  its 
banks  between  the  French  and  Spaniards,  from  1808  to  1814. 

Torna,  toR'noh\  written  also  Turnya,  a  county  in 
Hungary,  bounded  N.  by  Zips.  Area,  229  square  miles. 
Pop.  23,176. 

Torna,  a  town  of  Hungary,  capital  of  the  above  county, 
18  milos  W.S.W.  of  Kaschau.     Pop.  1306. 

Torna'do,  a  post-office  of  Door  co..  Wis. 

Tornavacas,  ton-ni-vi'kis,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Es- 
tremadura, province  and  23  miles  N.N.E.  of  Caceres. 

Torned,  tor'ne-o,  sometimes  written  Torneo,a  river 
of  Lapland,  separates  the  Swedish  and  Russian  dominions, 
and  enters  the  head  of  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia  at  Tornei,  after 
a  S.S.E.  course  of  230  miles.  It  is  rapid,  and  in  it  is  the 
fine  cataract  of  Julhae.  It  gives  name  to  the  N.  part  of 
Swedish  Lappmark. 

Torne&,  a  town  of  Finland,  on  the  TorneA,  at  its 
mouth  in  the  head  of  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia.  Lat.  65°  50'  8" 
N. ;  Ion.  24°  14'  E.  It  has  an  active  trade  in  stockfish, 
reindeer  skins,  furs,  iron,  planks,  tar,  butter,  hemp,  quills, 
and  pickled  salmon.  Here,  in  1736,  the  French  Academi- 
cians made  measurements  to  ascertain  the  figure  of  the 
earth.  Tornei  was  ceded  with  Finland  to  Russia  in  1810. 
Pop.  892. 

'roTne&,  Ofver, ofvSrtoR'ne-o  (i.e., "Upper Torneil"), 
a  place  on  the  Swedish  side  of  the  Torne&  River,  about  30 
mile?  N.N.W.  of  Torned. 

To'ro,  a  small  island  of  the  Mediterranean,  off  the  S.W. 
ooast  of  the  island  of  Sardinia. 

To  Vo',  a  river  of  Mongolia,  joins  the  Nonni,  an  affluent 
of  the  Soongaree,  after  an  E.  course  of  250  miles. 

To'ro,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  7  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Campobasso.     Pop.  2352. 

Toro,  to'ro,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Zamora,  on 
the  Douro,  29  miles  N.N.E.  of  Salamanca.  Pop.  8430.  It 
is  enclosed  by  old  walls,  and  has  an  old  palace  or  alcazar, 
and  manufactures  of  coarse  woollen  and  linen  cloths,  brandy, 
and  leather. 

Toro,  Boca  del,  bo'kil  dfil  to'ro  {i.e.,  "  bull's  mouth"), 
In  Central  America,  one  of  the  straits  by  which  the  lagoon 
of  Chiriqoi  communicates  with  the  Caribbean  Sea. 


Torok  Bccse,  tiiVBk'  bi'chA*,  a  town  of  HuniarT 
of  Torontal,  on  the  Thciss,  47  miles  S.  of  Szegcdin.   J'  -'™ 

T5r5k  Kanisa,  tii'rok'  kCh'nce'shOhSa  town  oi 
gary,  co.  of  Torontal,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Thei 
miles  S.  of  Stegcdin.     Pop.  2229. 

Tiir6k,  Szent  Aliklos.    See  Sient  Mikijo«T8b8« 

Toronaicus  Sinus.    See  Cassandra. 

Torontal,  to'ron^tAl',  a  county  of  Hungary,  la  tbi 
Banat,  bounded  E.  by  Temosvar.  Area,  3050  Boutn  milti 
Pop.  545,503.     Chief  town,  Panosova. 

Toron'to  (formerly  York),  onpital  of  Ontario, and  out 
of  the  most  flourishing  cities  in  the  Dominion,  it  tltuitiy 
on  a  circular  bay,  on  the  N.W.  shore  of  Luke  Ontario  j( 
York  CO.,  333  miles  W.S.W.  of  Montreal,  101  mile*  fmn 
Kingston,  and  39  miles  N.  by  E.  of  llumilton,    L«t  ii' 
49'  4"  N.;  Ion.  79°  71'  5"  W.     Mean  tompcratnre  of  tbi 
year,  44.4°  ;  winter,  26.4°  ;  summer,  63.8°  Fahr.    The  litt 
of  the  town  rises  gently  from  the  water,  the  street*  jenor 
ally  crossing  each  other  at  right  angles.   The  city  generalli 
is  built  of  alight-colored  brick,  and  the  public  building  »n 
substantial  in  workmanship,  and  some  of  them  beautiful  it 
architectural  design.    Toronto  is  the  seat  of  law  and  pnv 
vincial  government,  and  the  head-quarters  of  the  edueationt 
department  of  Ontario.     The  principal  buildings  in  ton- 
neotion  with  these  are  Osgoode  Hall,  a  fine  etruetnre,  eoa- 
taining  all  the  superior  law  courts  of  the  province;  th< 
parliament  buildings,  with  handsome  legislative  chambfi 
and  well-equipped  offices  ;    the  lieutenant-governorV 
dence,  a  princely  mansion;    the  normal-school  bui: 
containing  offices  of  the  council  of  public  injtructi 
model  schools,  a  model  grammar-school  and  oduc.T 
museum,  and  several  common  and  gram  mar-schools, 
also  is   the  University  of  Toronto,  with  a  fine  builmnyj 
reckoned  second  to  none  in  the  Dominion  as  a  seat  of  learn- 
ing.    It  is  situated  at  the  W.  side  of  the  Queen's  Park,  a 
noble  public  ground,  in  the  centre  of  which  is  a  fine  1  ■ 
statue  of  Queen  Victoria,  also  a  monument  erecle<J  in 
of  those  volunteers  who  sacrificed  their  lives  during  li 
attempted    invasion    of   Canada    by  the   Fenians.    ' 
educational  institutions  are  Trinity  College  (Epi!<<. 
Knox  College  (Presbyterian),  and  the  Upper  Cana'i:. 
lege,    an   extensive    range   of   buildings,   occupied 
grammar-school  for  boys.     There  are  2  schools  of  nn 
in  Toronto ;    also   an   ably-conducted  veterinary  c 
Among  the  public  institutions  there  may  be  enumcra!' 
lunatic  asylum,  the  Crystal  Palace,  for  holding  t!^ 
vincial  agricultural  exhibitions,  the  Boys'  Home,  the 
Home,  the  House  of  Providence,  the  Protestint  Or 
Home,  the  custom-house,  the  government  school  ci 
nology,  and  the  new  post-office.     Toronto  also  has  ^' 
extensive  iron-foundries  and  engineering  establish i: 
railway-car-building  shops,  rolling-mills,  several  brt' 
and  a   mammoth   distillery,  carriage-factories,  tani 
soap-works,  spice-mills,  cabinet-factories,  car-wheel  v 
machine-shops  of  all  kinds,  pork-packing  establish: 
sewing-machine-,  sash-   and   door-,  and   boot-  and  .-..  - 
factories  on  an  extensive  scale,  besides  many  other  varietiai 
of  manufacture.     There  are  13  banks  represented  in  th«' 
city,  6  of  which  have  their  head  offices  here.    T' 
contains   a   synagogue,  about   47   churches  (of  wh) 
are  Church  of  England,  5  Church  of  Rome,  6  Wc 
Methodist,    8  Presbyterian,  Ac),   the  St.  Lawrenc 
Music  Halls,  and  a  mechanics'  institute,  with  class-r 
reading-room,  and    library.      Forty-two  newspapers  am 
periodicals   are   published    in    Toronto,  viz.,  4  daily,  15j 
weekly,  5  semi-monthly,  15  monthly,  1  quarterly,  an  1  " 
annually.     The  city  is  well  supplied  with  water,  is  1  - 
with  gas,  and  has  an  efficient  fire-brigade.    Lines  of  ^ 
ers  run  daily  during  the  season  of  navigation  to  all  tin.  i">> 
ports  and  ports  on  the  river  St.  Lawrence:  and  5  lines  ol 
railways  run  through  the  city, — the  Grand  Trunk,  Grc»l 
Western,   Northern,  Toronto   &   Nipissing,  and  Toronto, 
Grey  A  Bruce.     Toronto  was  founded  by  Governor  Simfoi 
in  1794.    Parliament  buildings  were  erected,  and  the  legis- 
lature assembled  there  for  the  first  time  in  1797.    I«  I'k 
it  was  captured  by  the  Americans  under  General  Pike,wht 
was  killed  in  storming  the  fort,  but  it  was  held  only  »  ft* 
days.    Since  that  period  the  pl.ace  has  made  steady  progress 
In  1834  it  was  incorporated  a  city,  and  its  name  changeo 
from  York  to  Toronto.    Pop.  in  1817,  1200;  in  1830, 1»77. 
in  1842,  15,336;  in  1852,50,763;  in  1861,44,821;  m  MTl 
56,092  ;  and  in  1881,  96,196;  in  1891,  181,220. 

Toron'to,  a  station  in  Jefferson  co..  Ark.,  on  w*!-'"" 
Rock,  Mississippi  River  A  Texas  Railroad,  17  miles  E.b.fi 
of  Pine  Bluff.  .    , 

Toronto,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vermillion  co.,  Ind.,  aboai 
25  miles  N.  of  Terre  Haute. 


"TOR 


2635 


TOR 


f'  trontO)  a  post-village  in  Liberty  township,  Clinton 
owa,  on  the  Wapsipinicon  River  and  the  Davenport  A 
6t..^aul  Railroad,  37  miles  N.N.W.  of  Davenport.  It  has 
2  cjirohes,  a  public  hall,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  graded  school. 

joronto,  a  post-village  in  Toronto  township,  Woodson 
oo.Kansas,  on  the  Verdigris  River,  30  miles  W.  of  Hum- 
bo|,  and  about  32  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Burlington.  It  has 
2  (lirches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  653. 

joronto,  a  post-hamlet  of  Camden  oo.,  Mo.,  14  miles 
N.r  Richland  Station.     It  has  a  church, 

lOropa,  to-ro'pi,  a  river  of  Russia,  issues  from  a  small 
laJlamong  the  Valdai  Hills,  in  the  N.E.  part  of  the  gov- 
eritent  of  Pslcov,  flows  S.S.W.,  and  joins  the  Diina  on  the 
frJier  of  Vitebsk.     Total  course,  70  miles, 

toropetz,  to'ro-pfits',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of 
P.^lv,  on  the  Toropa,  50  miles  S.S.E.  of  Kliolm,     P,  4989. 

'brpatum,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Dohpat, 

'brphicheiij  tor-fiK'§n,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co,  and 
4  lies  S.S.W.  of  LinlithgOT,  was  formerly  a  place  of  im- 
poince.     Pop.  406. 

'orquay,  tor-kee',  a  town,  chapelry,  and  favorite  water- 
injblace  of  England,  co.  of  Devon,  picturesquely  seated  on 
thAore  of  a  cove  of  Torbay,  on  its  N.  side,  with  a  station 
onbe  South  Devon  Railway,  18i  miles  S.  of  Exeter,  It 
eorjsts  chiefly  of  handsome  villas  and  terraces,  interspersed 
will  lodging-houses,  occupying  successive  ranges  on  a  steep 
gli)|  down  to  its  quay,  and  has  excellent  hotels,  a  news- 
roc ,  library,  and  other  appliances  of  a  watering-place, 
wilsome  very  superior  schools,  a  mechanics'  institute,  hank, 
Act  Being  well  sheltered,  it  is  peculiarly  adapted  for  dcli- 
eallinvalids.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  some  timber-trade,  a 
shife  in  the  Newfoundland  fishery,  regular  steam  communi- 
cat|n  with  Portsmouth  and  Plymouth,  and  well-supplied 
maiets.     Pop.  in  1881,  24,767. 

'prqueinada,  toR-ki-mi'oi,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
inoanil  12  miles  N.E,  of  Palenoia,  on  the  Pisuerga,  here 
crcled  by  a  bridge  of  26  arches.  Pop.  2840.  It  has 
diaileries,  and  manufactures  of  wine-skins.  Torquemada, 
th(|nquisitor,  was  born  here  in  1420,  Torquemada  ap- 
pes  to  be  a  corruption  of  Tokrequemada  (which  see), 

prralba  de  Calatrava,  ton-nil'Bi  di  ki-li-tri'vi, 
a  t^n  of  Spain,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Ciudad  Real,  with  manu- 
fadres  of  blonde  and  thread-lace.  Pop,  3977, 
»■  ipr'rance,  a  post-village  of  Grenada  co..  Miss.,  on 
ih«few  Orleans,  St.  Louis  &  Chicago  Railroad,  8  miles 
N.|  of  Grenada.     It  has  an  academy  and  2  churches, 

lorrfto,  ton-nSwN"',  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Alemtcjo, 
26ules  N,AV,  of  Beja,     Pop.  2088, 

«rre,  tou'ni,  an  Italian,  Spanish,  and  Portuguese 
WO',  signifying  "  tower"  (from  the  Latin  Tur'rit),  and 
foijing  a  part  of  many  names  in  Southern  Europe. 

lorre,  toR'ni,  a  river  of  Italy,  flows  S.S.E.,  and  joins 
th^Eonzo  5  miles  N.E.  of  Aquileja,  Austria, 

lOrre^  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Catanzaro,  S.S.W, 
of  'e  city  of  Catanzaro,  It  sufiered  greatly  by  the  earth- 
quU  of  1783,     Pop,  2036, 

lorreblanca,  ton^Ri-blin'ki  ("white  tower"),  a  vil- 
lajlof  Spain,  province  and  24  miles  N,E,  of  Castellon  de 
la  Una.     Pop.  2299, 

|orre  Campo^  toR'Ri  kim'po,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ing and  45  miles  N,E,  of  Cordova,     Pop,  2757, 

lorrecilla  de  Alca&iz,  toR-Ri-theel'ya,  dA  il-kln- 
yoh',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Teruel,  70  miles  from 
Sa'.gossa, 

lorrccilla  de  Cameros,  toR-ni-theel'yi  di  kd-mi'- 
rocj  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  15  miles  S,S.W.  of  Lo- 
gr  o.     Pop,  2000, 

orrecilla  de  la  Orden,  toR-RA-theery&  di  14  or'- 
di|  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Leon,  province  and  18  miles 
8,;^V.  of  Valladolid,     Pop,  1809, 

lOrrecuso,  tOR-ni-koo'so,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
cfjenevento,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Avellino,     Pop,  2019. 

orre  de  Don  Miguel,  toR'nA  di  don  me-gh41',  a 
vi.ge  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  37  miles  from  Caceres, 

orre  de  Embarra.    See  Torredembarra, 

!orre  de  Estaban  Ambran,  toR'nA  Ak  dg-t&-B&n' 
■Inbrin',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  30  miles  N,W,  of 
T<do,  with  a  church,  court-house,  and  palace.    Pop,  1638. 

'orre  dei  Passeri,  toR'RA  di  pds-si'reo,  a  town  of 
ItV,  province  of  Teramo,  on  the  Pescara,  13  miles  S,W, 
ofShieti.     Pop,  3236, 

lorre  de  Juan  Abad,  toR'ni  di  noo-in'  i-B&n',  a 
to'i  of  Spain,  in  New  Castilo,  province  and  45  miles  S.E, 
ofSiudad  Real,     Pop,  1372. 

forre  del  Campo,  toB'ni  dfil  klm'po,  a  town  of 
Sjjn,  province  and  4  miles  W,  of  Jaen,  It  has  broad 
Pibd  streets,  a  square,  in  which  stands  a  strong  old  castle, 


the  ruins  of  an  ancient  castle,  several  old  watch-towers,  and 
abundant  qiiarries  of  gypsum.     Pop,  4364. 

Torre  del  Greco,  ton'Ri  dil  gri'ko,  a  town  of  Italy, 
7  miles  S.E.  of  Naples,  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  Bay  of  Naples, 
at  the  S,W.  foot  of  Mount  Vesavius,  and  on  the  railway 
from  Naples  to  Nocera,  Pop.  18,950,  It  is  well  built  of  the 
lava  which  buried  most  part  of  the  previous  town  in  an 
eruption  of  Vesuvius  on  the  15th  of  June,  1794,  It  has 
many  handsome  villas  with  gardens,  a  collegiate  church, 
convents,  and  an  extensive  hospital.  Its  vicinity  is  famous 
for  wine  and  fruits. 

Torre  dell'  Annunziata,  toR'ni  d^l  lln-noon-zo- 
4'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  12  miles  S.E.  of  Naples', 
at  the  S.  foot  of  Mount  Vesuvius,  and  on  the  railway  from 
Nocera  to  Naples.  Pop,  15,321.  It  is  fortified,  and  haa 
barracks,  manufactures  of  arms,  paper,  and  woollen  fabrics, 
a  fishery,  and  an  active  coasting-trade. 

Torre  delle  Nocelle,  Ior'rA  dSl'li  no-chSl'li,  a 
town  of  Italy,  province  of  Avellino,  4  miles  E.S.E.  of  Mon- 
tofusco.     Pop.  1713, 

Torredembarra,  toR^Ri-dfim-ban'Rll,  a  smnll  sea- 
port of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  province  and  10  miles  W.N,W. 
of  Tarragona,  on  the  Mediterranean,  in  Ion,  1°  34'  E.  It 
has  an  ancient  castle  and  a  hospital.     Pop,  1817, 

Torre  de  Moncorvo,  toR'ni  di  mon-koR'vo,  a  town 
of  Portugal,  in  Tras-os-Montes,  11  miles  B,  of  Anciaens. 

Torre  di  Annibale,  toR'ni  dee  in-ne-bi'li  ("tower 
of  Hannibal''),  a  small  port  of  Italy,  on  the  E.  coast  of 
Cosenza.  Here  Hannibal  embarked  on  finally  quitting  Italy. 

Torre  di  Luserna,  toR'Ri  dee  loo-sfiR'ni,  a  town  of 
Italy,  in  Piedmont,  8  miles  S.  of  Pinerolo,     Pop,  3330, 

Torre  di  iUare,  ton'ni  dee  mi'ri,  a  village  of  Italy, 
in  Basilicata,  24  miles  S.S.E.  of  Matera,  near  the  mouth  of 
the  Basiento  in  the  Gulf  of  Taranto,  It  is  supposed  to  bo 
near  the  site  of  the  ancient  Metopontua. 

Torre  Don  Jimeno  (or  Ximeno),  ton'Ri  don  ne- 
mi'no,  or  Torre  Don  Gimeno  Tosiria,  toR'ni  don 
He-mi'no  to-see're-i,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  12 
miles  S,W,  of  Jaen,  near  the  Guadalquivir.  It  has  paved 
and  generally  broad  streets,  several  squares,  an  ancient 
dilapidated  castle,  7  flour-  and  20  oil-mills,  productive  salt- 
works, 5  manufactories  of  soft  soap,  and  more  than  500 
hand-looms  for  fine  linens,  worked  by  women.     Pop,  6777, 

Torrejoncillo,  toR'Ri-Hon-theel'yo,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  21  miles  from  Caeeres,  It  has  a  square  with 
arcades,  in  which  stands  the  prison  and  town  house,  and 
manufactures  of  brown  cloths,  hats,  <fcc.     Pop,  4734, 

Torrejoncillo  del  Rey,  toR^Ri-Hon-theel'yo  dfil  ri, 
a  village  of  Spain,  province  and  26  miles  S,W,  of  Cuenca, 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Giguela,  It  has  a  prison  and 
town  house  in  one  handsome  edifice.     Pop,  1851, 

Torre  Laguna,  toR'Ri  li-goo'ni,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  26  miles  N,N.E.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  2551. 

Torrella,  toR-nSrii,  a  town  of  Italj-,  province  and  3 
miles  E.  of  Avellino,     Pop.  2617. 

Torre  Maggiore,  toR'Ri  mid-jo'ri,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Foggia,  5  miles  W.  of  San  Severo,     Pop,  7238. 

Torremanzanas,  toR'Ri-min-thi'nis,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Alicante,  near  Jijona,     Pop,  860, 

Torremilano,  toR*Ri-me-li'no,  now  called  Dos 
Torres,  doce  toR'Rds  ("two  towers"),  a  town  of  Spain, 
in  Andalusia,  38  miles  N.N.B,  of  Cordova.     Pop,  30,08, 

Torre  Mocha,  toR'Ri  mo'chi,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  13  miles  S,W,  of  Caceres.     Pop,  1789, 

Tor'rens,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad.  5  miles  E,  of  Pittsburg. 

Tor'rens,  Lake,  a  large  salt  lake  of  South  Australia, 
between  lat,  28°  and  82'  S,  and  Ion.  136°  30'  and  140°  30' 
E.  It  is  from  15  to  20  miles  across,  and  shallow;  its  E.  and 
W,  sides  are  bounded  by  highlands. 

Torrente,  toR-R^n'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  6 
miles  N.W,  of  Valencia,  on  a  small  eminence  beside  a 
mountain-torrent.  The  houses  are  large,  and  the  town  ig 
laid  out  into  broad  and  comfortable  streets  and  regular 
squares,  in  one  of  which  stands  a  large  tower,  apparently 
of  Saracenic  construction.  In  the  vicinity  are  some  quar- 
ries of  yellow  marble  which  a  moderate  heat  changes  intr> 
red  adorned  with  beautiful  clouds.  It  has  2  flour-mills 
and  70  oil-mills.  The  natives  of  Torrente  are  remarkably 
thrifty  and  laborious,  and  supply  Valencia  with  bread  and 
other  articles.     Pop,  6092, 

Torrenueva,  toR^Ri-nwi'vi  {i.e.,  "new  tower"),  a 
town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  province  and  32  miles  S.E. 
of  Ciudad  Real.     Pop.  2030, 

Torre  Pallavicina,  ton'Ri  p&l-li-ve-chee'nl,  a  vil- 
lage of  Italy,  province  of  Bergamo,  7  miles  E.S.E,  of  Ro- 
mano, near  the  Oglio.     Pop.  1491.  ' 


TOR 


2636 


TOR 


Torrequemada*  toR^R&-k&-m&'D&,  a  village  of  Spain, 
province  and  12  miles  from  Caoeres. 

Torres^  toR'nda,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  18  miles 
S.W.  of  Jaen.     Pop.  2529. 

Torre  Siinta  Susanna^  toR'R&  8&n't&  soo-(>Jln'n4,  a 
town  of  Italy,  province  of  Locoe,  17  ntiles  S.W,  of  Urin- 
disi,  with  a  convent,  hospital,  and  almshouse.     Pop.  2774. 

Tor'resdale^  a  post-village  in  Philadelphia  oo.,  Pa., 
on  the  Delaware  lliver,  with  a  station  on  the  Philadelphia 
A  Trenton  Kailroivd,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  West  Philadelphia. 
Here  are  several  fine  residences,  a  seminary,  and  a  convent. 
Torresdale  Post-Offioe  is  a  branch  of  Philadelphia  Post-Office. 

Torres  NovaSt  tou'ufis  no'v&s  (/.«.,  "new  towers"),  a 
walled  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Estreraadura,  15  miles 
N.E.  of  Santarora.     Pop.  0820.     It  is  defended  by  a  castle. 

Tor'res  Strait,  in  the  East  Seas,  between  Papua  and 
Cape  York,  the  N.  extremity  of  Australia,  lat.  9°  2U'  to  10° 
40*  N.  and  Ion.  142°  'iO'  E.,  is  about  80  miles  across,  and 
one  maze  of  shoals,  reefs,  and  islands,  the  principal  of 
which  are  Prince  of  AVales,  Mulgrave,  and  Banks'  Islands. 
Torres  discovered  it  in  1606. 

Torres  Vedras,  toR'Rjs  vi'dr&s,  a  town  of  Portugal, 
province  of  Gstremadura,  on  the  Sizandro,  27  miles  N.W. 
of  Lisbon.  Pop.  4135.  It  was  celebrated  in  the  Penin- 
Bular  war  for  the  lines  of  defence  established  by  the  Duke 
of  Wellington  in  1810  to  resist  the  approach  of  the  French. 

Torretta,  toR-R5t'tA,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Sicily,  prov- 
ince of  Palermo.     Pop.  3284. 

Torrevieja,  toR*u4-ve-i'ni  {i.e.,  "old  tower"),  a  sea- 
port town  of  Spain,  in  Valencia,  province  and  23  miles 
S  S.W.  of  Alicante,  on  the  Mediterranean,  W.  of  Cape 
Cebera.  Lat.  37°  58'  N. ;  Ion.  0°  40'  W.  The  anchorage  is 
good,  but  much  exposed.  There  is  an  extensive  and  very 
productive  salt  lake  in  the  neighborhood,  the  produce  of 
which  constitutes  the  chief  export.     Pop.  6653. 

Tor'rey,  a  township  of  Yates  oo.,  N.Y.     Pop.  1281. 

Torrcy's  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  about  10  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Georgetown.  It  has  an  altitude  of  14,336  feet 
above  the  sea-leveL  Lat.  39°  38'  N.;  Ion.  105°  49'  W.  It 
is  only  3900  feet  distant  from  Gray's  Peak. 

Torri,  toR'Rce,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Venotia,  18  milee 
N.AV.  of  Verona,  on  the  E.  side  of  Lago  di  Garda. 

Torrice,  toR'Re-chi,  a  town  of  Italy,  3  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Frosinone. 

Torricella,  toR-ne-chfil'li,  a  town  of  Italy,  provinceof 
Chieti,  22  miles  E.S.E.  of  Chieti.     Pop.  3157. 

Torricella  del  Pizzo,  tou-Re-chfil'li  dfil  pit'so,  a 
village  of  Northern  Italy,  province  and  S.E.  of  Cremona, 
near  the  Po.     Pop.  1579. 

Tor'ridge,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Devon,  flows 
past  Torrington,  and  joins  the  Bristol  Channel  by  an  es- 
tuary common  to  it  and  the  Taw.     Length,  40  miles. 

Torridon,  Loch,  Scotland.    See  Loch  Torhidon. 

Torriglia,  toR-Reel'yi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
about  15  miles  N.E.  of  Genoa,  in  the  centre  of  an  amphi- 
theatre of  hills  among  the  Apennines.  It  has  a  handsome 
church  With  a  lofty  si>ire,  a  small  convent,  and  an  ancient 
tower,  forming  the  only  remains  of  a  very  strong  castle 
which  it  once  possessed.     Pop.  4140. 

Torryos,  tou-nee'Hoce,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  New 
Castile,  province  and  16  miles  W.S.W,  of  Toledo,  in  a 
damp  valley,  between  the  Tagus  and  a  small  range  of  hills. 
This  much  decayed  place  was  once  a  walled  town,  and  is 
Btill  entered  by  2  ancient  gates.  It  has  an  ancient  palace, 
a  small  hospital  for  the  sick  poor,  a  nunnery,  and  several 
oil-  and  flour-mills.     Pop.  2599. 

Torringford,  tSr-ring-f^rd,  a  post-hamlet  in  Torring- 
ton township,  Litchfield  co..  Conn.,  about  24  miles  W.  by 
N.  of  Hartford. 

Torrington,  tor'ring-t^n,  or  Great  Torrington, 
a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Devon,  on  a  declivity  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Torridge,  5i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bidcford,and 
30  miles  N.W.  of  Exeter.  Pop.  3529.  It  has  2  churches, 
several  chapels,  a  blue-coat  school,  almshouses,  and  other 
charities.  The  inhabitants  are  principally  employed  in 
glove-making,  agriculture,  and  trade. 

Tor'rington,  a  hamlet  in  Torrington  township,  Litch- 
field CO.,  Conn.,  on  the  Naugatuck  River,  about  28  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  Hartford,  and  li  miles  W.  of  the  Naugatuck 
Railroad,  which  intersects  the  township.  The  township 
contains  the  village  of  Wolcottville,  and  has  6  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  woollen  goods,  hardware,  plated  goods, 
machinery,  needles,  &(s.     Pop.  of  township  in  1880,  3397. 

Torrita,  toR-Ree'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Flor- 
ence, 4  miles  N.N.W.  of  Montepulciano.     Pop.  4355. 

Torroella  de  Montgri,  toR-Ro-il'yA  di  mont-gree', 
ft  town  cf  Spain;  province  and  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Gerona, 


on  the  Ter,  4  miles  from  the  Mediterranean,  at  the  footo 
a  hill  crowned  by  an  ancient  cnstle.     Pop.  ;{3:io. 

Torrox,  or  Torroj,  toii-uon'  (anc.  Cav'il'ctimt) 
town  of  Spain,  province  and  25  miles  K.  of  Malaga  on  ih 
Torrox,  near  the  Mediterranean.     Pop.  5423.  ' 

Torrubia  del  Canipo,  toR-uoo'Bo-i  dil  klm'no 
village  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  provinceof  Cuenoa  »n.l'i 
miles  S.E.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  1354.  '        * 

Tor'ry,  a  fishing  village  on  the  E.  coast  of  Sootland  « 
of  Kincardine,  on  the  Dec,  oj)po.'<ito  Aberdeen.    Pop  s'sj 

Tor'ryburn,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife,  on  lb 
Firth  of  Forth,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Dunfermline.    Pop  3J<1 

Torry  Island,  Ireland.    See  Tony  Island. 

Tor'sa,  an  island  ofl'  the  W.  coast  of  Sootland,  co.  o 
Argyle,  E.  of  the  islands  of  Sell  and  Luing. 

Torshaella,  a  town  of  Sweden.    See  TiionsHALLA. 

Torshok,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Tokzhok. 

Tortoise  Islands,  Pacific  Ocean.    See  Galapaooh. 

Tortola,  tor-to'la,  one  of  the  Virgin  Islands,  Wei 
Indies,  belonging  to  Great  Britain,  in  lat.  18°  24'  N  aD< 
Ion.  64°  32'  W.,  between  Virgin  Oorda  and  St.  John 
Length,  12  miles ;  breadth,  4  miles.  Pop.  6050.  It  con 
sists  mostly  of  a  range  of  hills  rising  to  1600  feet  in  clcv» 
tion,  and  in  its  N.  part  encircling  a  harbor,  on  the  W.  t\i 
of  which  is  the  town  of  Tortola.  The  island  ia  very  un 
healthy.  It  exports  sugar,  molasses,  rum,  galls,  and  cop 
per  ore.  Tortola  has  its  governor,  council,  and  legiulaiir 
assembly.      It  became  a  British  possession  in  1666. 

Tortoli,  toR'to-le,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sardinia 
10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lanusei,  near  the  gulf  of  the  same  n»ine 
on  the  E.  coast.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop,  and  bu  a  con 
vent,  and  a  trade  in  wine  and  cheese.     Pop.  1694. 

Tortona,  tou-to'ni  (anc.  Derto'na),  a  town  of  Itilj,li 
Piedmont,  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Alessandria,  on  the  Scrivift,ai 
the  foot  of  a  height  crowned  by  a  ruined  fortress.  I'op 
6785.  It  has  a  cathedral,  and  manufactures  of  silk  ao( 
other  fabrics,  and  an  active  trade  in  corn,  wine,  Ac. 

Tortoreto,  ton-to-ri'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  am 
22  miles  N.E.  of  Tcramo,  near  the  Adriatic.     Pop.  .S24.t. 

Tortorici,  ton-to're-che,  a  town  of  Sicily,  12  mila 
S.W.  of  Patti.     Pop.  2296. 

Tortosa,  toR-to's4  (anc.  Berto'ta),  a  town  of  Pr--- 
province  and  43  miles  S.W.  of  Tarragona,  on  the  F.l 
miles  from  its  mouth,  here  crossed  by  a  bridge  of  boa; 
is  strongly  fortified  by  walls  and  several  outwork*,  . 
tored  by  7  gates,  and  has  a  large  cathedral,  a  bishop's  i 

town  hall,  hospital,  public  granary,  a  college,  and  a  p.i 

Its  manufactures  comprise  oil,  flour,  soap,  fine  delft,  cottonai 
leather,  brandy,  common  earthenware,  cordage,  linens',  wax' 
chandlery,  glass,  starch,  and  baskets,  ropes,  <tc.,  of  i   ' 
and  esparto.     It  has  an  important  trade  in  wheat,  ti; 
wine,  oil,  wool,  alum,  silk,  barilla,  soda,  charcoal,  liqi: 
tares,  pitch,  tar,  firewood,  jasper,  fruits,  <tc.,  the  river 
navigable  by  vessels  of  100  tons.    This  city  was  wresttn 
the  Moors  by  Louis  le  Debonnaire  in  811,  but  was  fii 
covered  by  them,  and  became  a  nest  of  pirates,    Eu_' 
III.  therefore  proclaimed  a  crusade  against  it,  nnd  r 
taken  in  1148.     In  1149  the  Moors  made  a  desperate 
to  regain  possession  of  the  city,  but  were  defeated,  ] 
through  the  bravery  of  the  women.    Tortosa  was  takcii  .u 
1798  by  the  French.     Near  the  town  are  jasper-quarriei.i 
Pop.  24,702, 

"Torto'sa  (anc.  Orthosia?),  a  seaport  town  of  Syria,  30 
miles  N.  of  Tripoli.  In  the  Middle  Ages  it  was  a  fortreaa 
of  importance,  but  its  walls  are  now  in  ruins. 

Tortsvar,  toRts^v&u',  or  Torzburg,  toRts'bSoRO, » 
village  of  Transylvania,  with  a  castle  near  the  Torzburg 
Pass  into  AVallachia,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Kronstadt.    P.  8932. 

Tortuga,  tor-too'ga,  an  island  of  the  West  Indies,  in 
the  Caribbean  Sea,  55  m'iles  W.  of  Margarita,  and  belonging 
to  Venezuela.  Length,  from  E.  to  W.,  15  miles;  breadth, 
8  miles.     It  produces  salt. 

Tortuga,  an  island  oflF  the  N.W.  coast  of  Ilaytl.  L»t 
20°  N.;  Ion.  72°  36'  W.  Length,  E.  to  W.,  22  mile*; 
breadth,  5  miles. 

Tortuga,  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  California,  85  mile* 
S.  of  the  island  of  Tiburon. 

Tortugas,  an  island  of  the  West  Indies,  off  the  N.E. 
coast  of  Cuba,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  a  ""'''■'"f 
channel  called  El  Savirral.  Length,  from  N.W.  to  S.E.,2o 
miles;  breadth,  about  6  miles.  It  forms  the  entranw  t» 
the  harbor  of  Nuevitas. 

Tortugas,  Florida.    See  Dry  Tortugas. 

Tortura,  toR-too'ri  (the  Neph'ath  of  Scripture),  » 
maritime  village  of  Palestine,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Acre,  oc 
the  Mediterranean,  at  the  W.  fool  of  Mount  Carmel. 

Torviscon,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Torbiscos. 


TOR 


2637 


TOTT 


o'ry  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Patrick  co.,  Va. 
o'ry  (or  Tor'ry)  Island,  an  island  off  the  N.W. 
001 ;  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Donegal,  5  miles  N.N.W.  of  Innis- 
bo  1.  with  a  light-house  in  lat.  55°  5'  N. 

lorzburg,  a  village  of  Transylvania.    See  Tortsvar. 

lorzhok,  Torshok,  or  Torjok,  toR-zhok',  a  town 
of  lussia,  government  and  36  miles  W.N.W.  of  Tver,  on 
thf  vertsa.  Lat.  57°  2'  N.;  Ion.  35°  3'  E.  Pop.  12,910. 
TlJpublic  edifices  comprise  a  cathedral  and  many  other 
chjches,  2  convents,  a  government  house,  normal  school, 
aniarphan  asylum.  It  is  famous  for  a  holy  spring,  visited 
byjllgrims.  Its  position  on  a  navigable  river,  and  on  the 
rof  from  Moscow  to  St.  Petersburg,  renders  it  of  oonsider- 
abi commercial  importance;  and  it  has  3  large  annual 
fail  and  extensive  manufactures  of  leather,  from  which 
shif,  gloves,  &a.,  are  made :  these,  being  embroidered  with 
goiiand  silver,  are  exported  in  large  quantities. 

'psa,  a  river  of  Italy.     See  Toce. 

ibsa,  a  province  and  populous  town  of  Japan,  in  the 
6.  [irt  of  the  isltmd  of  Shikoku. 

'ipscana,  a  country  of  Italy.    See  Tuscany. 

'jbscanella,  tos-ki-n51'li  (anc.  Tuscama),  a  town  of 
Itsf,  23  miles  N.N.E.  of  Civita  Vecchia,  on  the  right  bank 
of  |e  Marta.  Pop.  3485.  It  is  highly  picturesque,  is  sur- 
roiUod  by  fortifications,  and  has  a  cathedral  of  the  eighth 
cer|ry.  It  was  anciently  a  city  of  Etruria ;  in  and  around 
it  lb  numerous  Etruscan  antiquities. 

'pscolano,  tos-ko-li'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  20  miles 
N.  of  Brescia,  on  the  W.  side  of  Lago  di  Garda.  It  has 
pajlr-  and  oil-mills.     Pop.  2620. 

'JDShlidscha,  a  town  of  Bosnia.    See  Tashlidje. 

'bsia,  to'see^i  (anc.  Bocea  ?),  a  town  of  Asia  Minor, 
lOtoiles  N.E.  of  Angora.  It  is  stated  to  comprise  3000 
Tutish  and  50  Greek  dwellings,  with  some  fine  minarets 
aninld  Christian  edifices,  and  has  a  trade  in  morocco 
leaer. 

psna,  tos'ni,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  N.W.  of 
thtrovernment  of  Novgorod,  enters  the  government  of 
Pefsburg,  flows  N.N.W.,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  60 
mil,  joins  the  Neva.  It  is  much  used  for  floating  timber 
to  |e  capital. 

'jjss,  toss,  a  village  and  parish  of  Switzerland,  canton 
ana2  miles  N.E.  of  Zurich.  It  contains  the  remains  of  a 
cclVated  convent,  now  used  as  a  corn-  and  salt-magazine. 
TbjZurichers  were  defeated  here  in  1292  by  Duke  Al- 
breit  of  Austria.     Pop.  2416. 

'pssa,  tos'si,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  20  miles 
B.  f  Qerona,  near  a  cape  of  the  same  name  in  the  Medi- 
ternean,  at  the  foot  of  steep,  lofty,  and  almost  inaccessi- 
blefcights.     Pop.  2006. 

'|>st,  tost,  or  Toszek,  tos*s5k',  a  town  of  Prussian 
Silla,  15  miles  W.  of  Tarnowitz.     Pop.  1775. 

liistakh,  tos-tiK',  a  river  of  Siberia,  province  of  Ya- 
kodlk,  joins  the  Yana,  after  a  N.N.W.  course  of  200  miles. 

'.ptalan,  to-t4-l4n',  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
projince  and  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Malaga.     Pop.  1158. 

"Atana,  to-t3,'n3,,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Murcia,  10  miles 
N.lof  Lorca.  Pop.  6875.  It  has  a  handsome  public  foun- 
taii|and  manufactures  of  linen,  wax  candles,  earthenware, 
braly,  and  saltpetre. 

'Itt'hill  Fields,  a  district  of  England,  within  the 
citj)f  Westminster,  and  containing  a  large  county  prison, 

%tis,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Dotis. 

'ibtma,  tot'mH,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  110 
mill  N.E.  of  Vologda,  on  the  Sookhona.  Pop.  3315.  It 
hasl  monastery  which  attracts  many  pilgrims,  and  near 
it  all  extensive  salt-works. 

'M'ness,  or  Tot'nes,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Dew,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Dart,  10  miles  from  its 
mofi  in  the  English  Channel,  and  across  which  it  oom- 
mulbates  by  a  bridge  with  its  suburb  Bridgetown,  and  on 
thetouth  Devon  Railway,  22  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Exeter.  Pop. 
407  It  consists  chiefly  of  a  long  street,  extending  up  a 
hillp  its  ruined  castle.  It  is  one  of  the  most  ancient  towns 
in  jigland,  and  many  houses  are  ornamented  witli  oolon- 
Diifll.  Bridgetown  is  more  modern.  It  has  a  handsome 
cliuh,  chapels,  a  grammar-school,  a  blue-ooat  school,  a 
fui  hall,  council-house,  assembly-rooms,  a  theatre,  and 
an  iportant  trade  in  coal. 

'ftt'ness,  a  post-village  in  Perth  co.,  Ontario,  8  miles 
froiiStratford.     Pop.  200. 

'ft'to,  a  post-office  of  Starke  co,,  Ind. 

'i^Xoia.,  one  of  the  Feejee  Islands.     See  Totoua. 

'iHomina,  to-to-me'ni,  a  bay  of  Japan,  island  of 
Hojo,  90  miles  S.W.  of  Tokio.  Lat.  34°  40'  N.;  Ion.  138° 
40'!.     The  town  of  Soorooga  is  on  this  bay, 

'Monicapan,  to-to-ne-k4-pin',  a  town  of  Guatemala, 


100  miles  N.W.  of  the  city  of  Guatemala,  Pop,  12,000. 
It  covers  a  large  space,  and  has  mineral  springs  and  manU' 
factures  of  woollen  stuffs,  wooden  articles,  and  hardware- 

Toturkan,  Bulgaria,     See  Turtukai. 

Totoua,  to-too'S,  or  Totoia,  to-toi'i,  one  of  the  Fee. 
jee  Islands,  South  Pacific,     Lat.  18°  56'  S, ;  Ion,  180°  AV. 

Tot'owa,  Passaic  co,,  N,J,,  is  a  part  of  the  2d  ward  of 
Paterson, 

Tot'ten,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pulaski  co,,  Ark,,  12  miles 
from  Mabelvale,     It  has  2  churches, 

Tot'tenham,  a  town  of  England,  co,  of  Middlesex,  SJ 
miles  N,N,E.  of  St,  Paul's,  London,  and  intersected  by  the 
Eastern  Counties  Railway.  It  is  almost  continuous  with 
suburbs  of  the  metropolis,  and  has  an  old  and  ornamented 
church,  various  chapels,  a  grammar-school,  a  blue-coat 
school,  almshouses,  and  other  charities.     Pop,  22,869, 

Tot'tenham,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  17 
miles  W.S,W,  of  Bradford.  It  contains  a  grist-mill  and  4 
stores.     Pop.  150. 

Tot'tenville,apost-village  on  Staten  Island,  in  AVest- 
field  township,  Richmond  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Raritan  Bay,  at  the 
S.  end  of  Staten  Island  Sound,  25  miles  S.S.AV.  of  New 
York,  and  1  mile  E,  of  Perth  Amboy,  It  is  a  terminus  of 
the  Staten  Island  Railroad,  and  is  connected  with  Perth 
Amboy  by  a  steam  ferry.  It  has  2  churches  and  several 
ship-yards, 

'rot'ty's  Bend,  a  post-office  of  Hickman  co,,  Tenn. 

Tounriks,  or  Toiiaryks.    See  Tooareeks. 

Touarsois,  a  village  of  France.    See  Thouarsais. 

Touat,  an  oasis  of  Central  Africa.    See  Tooat. 

Toubouai.     See  Toobooai. 

Touchet,  too'shet',  a  village  of  AValla  Walla  co.,  AVash- 
ington,  on  the  AValla  AValla  &  Columbia  River  Railroad,  15 
miles  AV.  of  AValla  AValla. 

Toucques,  took,  a  river  of  Franco,  departments  of 
Orne  and  Calvados,  rises  near  Le  Merlerault,  and,  after  a  N. 
course  of  55  miles,  enters  the  English  Channel  8  miles  N.W. 
of  Ilonfleur.     Chief  affluents,  the  Orbec  and  Calonne. 

Toucy,  too'see',  a  village  of  France,  in  Yonne,  13  mile* 
AV.S.AV.  of  Auxerre.     Pop.  1706. 

Toudeny,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Taudeny. 

Tongaloo,  Tugaloo,  too'ga-loo',  or  Tongaloo,  \» 
post-office  and  station  of  Hinds  co..  Miss.,  on  the  New 
Orleans,  St.  Louis  <fc  Chicago  Railroad,  7  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Jackson,  Here  is  a  colored  school  called  the  Tougaloo 
University,  which  was  organized  in  1869  and  has  13  in- 
structors. The  name  of  the  post-office  is  Tongaloo,  and 
that  of  the  station  Tugaloo, 

Touggourt,  a  town  of  Africa,    See  TooGGOonT, 

Toughkenamon,  tuf-ken'a-mon,  a  post-village  of 
Chester  co,.  Pa,,  in  New  Garden  township,  on  the  Phila- 
delphia <fc  Baltimore  Central  Railroad,  39^  miles  AV,S,AV. 
of  Philadelphia.     It  has  a  chapel  and  a  spoke-factory. 

Toul,  tool  (anc.  Tul'lum),  a  fortified  town  of  France, 
department  of  Meurthe,  capital  of  an  arrondissement,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Moselle,  and  on  the  railway  from  Paris 
to  Strasburg,  14  miles  AV.  of  Nancy.  Lat.  48°  40'  N. ;  Ion. 
5°  5'  E.  Pop.  9566.  It  has  a  Gothic  cathedral,  a  com- 
munal college,  cavalry  and  infantry  barracks,  an  arsenal, 
and  manufactures  of  lace,  crockery,  and  hardware.  Near 
it  is  a  chalybeate  spring. 

Toula,  a  town  and  government  of  Russia.     See  TooLA. 

Toulinguet,  Newfoundland.     See  Twillingate. 

Toul  me,  tool'mee,  a  station  in  Hancock  co..  Miss.,  on 
the  New  Orleans  &  Mobile  Railroad,  45  miles  E.N.E.  of 
New  Orleans. 

Toulon,  tooM6No',  or  Toulon-sur-Mer,  tooM6N«'- 
siiR-maiR  (anc.  Te'lo-Mar'tius),  a  seaport  city  and  naval 
station  of  France,  in  the  department  of  Var,  admirably 
situated  at  the  bottom  of  a  deep  double  bay  formed  by  the 
Mediterranean,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Marseilles.  Lat.  of  the 
observatory,  43°  7'  N.;  Ion.  5°  56'  E.  Mean  temperature 
of  the  year,  62.2°;  winter,  48.5°;  summer,  75.2°  Fahr. 
Pop.  in  1886,  70,122.  It  is  built  on  an  acclivity  which 
rises  gradually  from  the  sea  and  terminates  towards  the  N. 
in  a  range  of  lofty  hills.  In  front  of  the  bay  is  a  projecting 
tongue  of  land,  which  nearly  closes  its  entrance ;  along  it, 
as  well  as  the  adjacent  points,  numerous  forts  have  been 
erected.  In  like  manner,  on  the  land  side  the  fortifications 
are  of  the  most  complete  description.  In  the  town  itself 
the  arsenal  and  other  marine  establishments  are  on  a  scale 
of  almost  unrivalled  magnificence.  The  houses  are  gen- 
erally well  built,  but  the  space  occupied  by  them  is  small, 
and  they  are  closely  crowded  together,  without  regularity, 
in  narrow  streets,  or  on  small,  insignificant  squares.  The 
only  edifices  not  connected  with  the  marine  deserving  of 
notice  are  the  cathedral,  the  ohuroh  of  Notre-Damoj  the 


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ohuroh  of  St.  Louis,  and  the  hfttol-de-Tille.  The  port  is 
scparutetl  from  the  roaJstoiul  by  mules  which  are  liolluw 
and  bomb-proof,  and  lined  by  butteries  d-JUur-d'ean.  It 
consists  of  two  dirisions, — the  Port-Marchund,  or  Durse- 
Vieille,  on  the  E.,  appropriated  to  mcruliunt-vossuls,  lined 
with  a  fine  quay  and  handsome  edificos,  and  the  Port-Mili- 
taire,  or  Dane-Neuve,  on  the  W.,  where  are  immense  mag- 
azines and  arsenals,  ship-building  docks,  ropo-  and  sail- 
works,  and  the  convict  prison.  The  trade,  which  is  chiefly 
in  corn,  flour,  salt  provisions,  wine,  brandy,  oil,  cnpors,  and 
fruit,  has  increased  considerably  since  the  occupation  of 
Algiers.  Toulon  is  the  seat  of  a  maritime  proft-cturo  and 
of  a  court  of  first  resort  and  oommeroo,  and  possesses  a 
Second-class  school  of  hydrography,  a  uicdicul  nnval  school, 
academy,  communal  college,  botanic  garden,  museum  of 
natural  history,  marine  museum,  and  j)ublic  library.  Toulon 
was  originally  a  Roman  colony;  it  was  taken  by  tho  Con- 
stable of  Bourbon  in  1524,  and  by  Charles  V.  in  1536.  The 
most  memorable  and  disastrous  event  connected  with  it  took 
place  in  1793,  when  tho  British,  to  whom  tho  Royalists  had 
surrendered  it,  having  been  forced  to  retire  after  a  siege  in 
which  Bonaparte  gave  the  first  decided  proofs  of  his  mili- 
tary genius,  the  llepublicans  gave  up  the  town  to  pillage 
and  massacre.  At  Toulon  Bonaparte  embarked  in  17VS, 
previous  to  his  memorable  campaign  in  Egypt. 

Toulon,  too'lSn,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Stark  co., 
III.,  in  Toulon  township,  on  the  Peoria  <fc  Hook  Island  Rail- 
road, 37  miles  N.N.VV.  of  Peoria,  and  11  miles  S.E.  of 
Qalva.  It  has  a  court-house,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  bank- 
ing-house, a  high  school,  5  churches,  a  cheeso-faetory,  and 
a  woollen-mill.  Pop.  of  the  village  in  ISSU,  907;  of  the 
township,  2657. 

TouIon-sur-Arroux,tooM6s"'-siiii-aK^Roo',  a  village 
of  France,  in  SaOne-et-Loiro,  on  the  Arroux,  here  crossed 
by  a  bridge  of  13  arches,  18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Charollcs.  It 
has  a  trade  in  corn,  cattle,  and  wood.     Pop.  1S90. 

Toulousain,  tooMoo*ziN«',  an  ancient  district  of 
France,  belonged  to  the  province  of  Languedoc,  and  is  now 
included  in  tho  departments  of  Haute-Garonne  and  Tarn- 
et-Garonno.     Toulouse  was  its  capital. 

Toulouse^  or  Thoulouse,  tooMooz' (anc.  Tolo'iia),o. 
city  of  France,  capital  of  the  department  of  Haute-Oaronne, 
on  the  Garonne,  the  Canal  du  Midi,  and  a  railway,  130 
miles  S.E.  of  Bordeaux,  and  200  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Mar- 
seilles. Lat.  of  observatory,  43°  36'  47"  N. ;  Ion.  1°  27' 
65"  E.  Pop.  in  1846,71,895;  in  1886,  147,617.  It  is  situated 
chiefly  on  the  right  bank  of  the  river,  but  partly  also  on 
an  island  in  its  channel ;  a  handsome  bridge  across  the  river 
communicates  with  the  large  suburb  of  Saint-Cyprien.  Its 
old  walls  hare  almost  entirely  disappeared.  The  town  is 
mostly  composed  of  clumsy  antiquated  houses  of  red  brick, 
badly  cemented  with  clay,  and  of  a  very  gloomy  aspect; 
the  streets  are  narrow,  winding,  ill  paved,  and  dirty.  Sev- 
eral parts  of  the  city  have,  however,  a  modern  and  hand- 
Home  appearance.  Among  others  may  be  mentioned  the 
Place  du  Capitole,  a  large  and  well-built  square,  adorned 
with  four  fountains,  one  at  each  angle,  and  the  chief  place 
of  bustle  and  traffic;  and  the  Place  La  Fayette,  a  circus 
lined  with  regular  mansions,  and  opening  on  the  E.  into  a 
fine  promenade,  composed  of  three  parallel  alleys.  The 
principal  edifices  are  the  hOtel-de-ville,  near  the  centre  of 
the  town,  in  the  square  to  which  it  gives  its  name,  a  large 
structure,  adorned  in  front  with  eight  columns  of  red  mar- 
ble, and  including,  in  addition  to  the  municipal  buildings, 
a  theatre  in  the  left  wing ;  a  mediaeval  cathedral ;  the  church 
of  St.  Sernin,  the  oldest  and  most  perfect  of  the  ecclesias- 
tical edifices;  the  church  of  St.  Taur,  with  a  remarkable 
belfry;  the  church  of  the  Jacobins;  the  picture-gallery; 
the  museum,  with  a  good  collection  of  Gallic,  Roman,  and 
Gothic  antiquities;  the  convent  de  I'lnquisition,  an  ob- 
scure edifice,  remarkable  only  for  the  atrocities  perpetrated 
within  its  precincts ;  and  the  palaia  rfe_/i(«f(ce,  in  which  the 
parliament  of  Toulouse  used  to  hold  its  sittings,  and  said 
to  have  been  founded  in  the  time  of  tialba.  Toulouse  is 
the  see  of  an  archbishop,  the  seat  of  an  appeal  court  and 
of  courts  of  first  resort  and  commerce,  and  possesses  a 
chamber  of  commerce  and  exchange,  a  mint,  a  Protestant 
divinity  hall,  a  diocesan  seminary,  faculties  of  law,  science, 
and  literature,  a  secondary  school  of  medicine,  a  veteri- 
nary school,  a  school  of  artillery,  an  academy  of  "  floral 
games,"  the  most  ancient  in  Europe,  a  national  college, 
seminary,  and  normal  school,  a  public  library  of  60,000 
volumes,  an  observatory,  an  excellent  botanic  garden,  an 
antiquarian  society,  and  a  national  academy  of  sciences, 
inscriptions,  and  belles-lettres.  A  new  university  has  been 
established  here,  but  is  not  yet  organized,  in  1879. 

The  manufactures  consist  of  woollen  cloth  and  woollen 


covers,  silk  goods,  vermicelli,  starch,  flannel,  pniKsr, . 
machinery,  hardware,  chemicals,  oil,  ouncliiw,  wax'^ 
cutlery,  stoneware,  and  porcelain.     Tliure  ore  aim. 
ous  tanneries,  both   for  common  and  morocou  li-., 
cannon-foundry,  gunpowder-   and    tobiu-oo-fuclori. 
works,  distilleries,  and  ootton-mills.    Toulouse  ia  g 
tre])&t  for  the  commerce  between  tho  interior  of  Fran 
Spain.     Its  trade  is  grejitly  favored  by  tliu  situutiiMi 
city,  and  facilitated  both  by  water  and  by  ruilwuy  cki 
cation.     The  chief  articles  are  corn  and  flour,  wine  i 
colonial  produce,  iron  and  iron-wares,  oil,  soap,  aotlV 
Toulouse  is  a  place  of  great  antiquity,  and  rose  to  ( , 
under  tho  Romans,  who  ombellislicd  it  with  a  ciipn 
phithoutre,  and  other  edifices,  of  which  vci^tii^ea  still  i .     . 
In  the  beginning  of  the  fifth  century  the  Visigoib  1 . 
its  masters,  and  made  it  the  cai)ital  of  their  kin({Ui)n; 
it  continued  to  be  till  508,  when  Clovis  gainwt  ij . 
of  it.     In  732  it  was  taken  by  the  Saracens.     Uiiilci 
magno  it  became  the  capital  of  Aquituine.     It  u:i 
wards  governed  by  independent  counts,  and  in  tliu  i 
century  the  Inquisition  here  consigned  multitudes 
bigenses  and  Vaudois  to  the  flames.    The  bittti*  of  I'o 
louse,  in  which  Wellington   defeated   the  French  ubiI 
Soult,  was  fought  on  the  10th  of  April,  1814. 

Toultcha,  a  town  of  Roumania.    See  ToOLcai. 

Toumat,  a  river  of  Africa.    See  Toomat. 

Touincn,  a  river  of  Coroa.    See  ToosiE.y. 

Tonmen,  a  town  of  Siberia.    See  Tioomkh. 

Toiindja,  a  river  of  Roumolia.    See  Toosja. 

Touii^-IIai.     Sec  China  Ska. 

Tonng-Kiang,  a  river  of  China.    See  Tooso-Km? 

Touiigoo,  or  Taiingu,  tOwn-goo',  written  ali*  ■  i 
gho,  a  town  of  British  Burmah,  capital  of  Tuun 
trict,  85  miles  E.  of  Prome.     Pop.  10,732. 

Toungoo,  a  district  of  British  Buruiah,  in  the  N.  pel 
of  Tenasserim.  Area,  6354  square  miles.  Capital,  Ton' 
goo.     Pop.  86,166. 

Toungouses,  a  people  of  Siberia.    See  Too.m. 

Touugouska,  three  rivers  of  Siberia.  SeeTooM     _ 

'roung>Tao,,an  island  of  Japan.    See  Fioabi.{>iii« 

Tou-Ping-Ling,  China.    See  Too-Pi.vo-Liso.      i 

Toura,  a  river  of  Siberia.    See  Toora. 

Touraiiie,  tooh'in',  an  old  province  of  France,  water 
by  the  Loire,  Cher,  and  Vienne  Rivers,  and  now  formii 
the  greater  part  of  the  department  of  Indre-et-Loire.    > 

Tourbout,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Toouboot. 

Tourchiz,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Tooksueez. 

Tourcoing,  tooit^kw&N»',  a  town  of  France,  depwl 
ment  of  Nord,  on  the  railway  from  Mouscron  to  Li!lc, 
miles  N.E.  of  Lille.     Pop.  33,013.     It  has  a  town  h 
mains  of  an  old  chateau,  a  communal  college,  and  ex 
manufactures  of  cotton  and  worsted  goods,  camlets,  \, — 
muslins,  silk  and  woollen  fabrics,  hosiery,  machinery, MOI 
carpets,  ticking,  <tc.,  with  many  dye-works. 

■rour-d'Aigues,  La.    See  La  Tour  n'Aiour,*.      i 

Tour-d'Aiivergne,  La.    See  La  Touk  d'Auveroii! 

Tour-de-Fraiice,  La.    See  La  Tour  de  Fra.ncs. 

Tour-de-Peil,  La.    See  La  Tour  de  Peil. 

Tourfan,  Chinese  Toorkistan.    See  Toorfan. 

Tourinnes-la-Grosse,  tooVeen'-li-gross,  a  vilU 
of  Belgium,  in  South  Brabant,  on  the  Nfithe,  21  mile»E.ij 
Brussels.     Pop.  1192. 

Tourinnes-ies-Ourdons-Saint-Lamberl-L 
bersart)  too'reen'  Idz  oorM6n»'  sin"  l6M'biiiu'  Ico'Wi 
san',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of  South  Brabant, , 
miles  S.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1498. 

Tourinsk,  Siberia.     See  Toorinsk. 

Tourkhal,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Toorkhau 

Touriaville,  toon^liVeel',  a  village  of  France,  d 
partment  of  Manche,  arrondissement  of  Cherbourg.  Pc, 
1852.     It  has  stone-quarries  and  glass-works. 

Tournaisis,  tooii'ni'zee',  an  ancient  district  of  » 
gium,  having  Tournay  for  its  capital.  With  the  except! 
of  a  part  belonging  to  West  Flanders,  it  is  now  included 
theprovince  of  llainaut.  _  i 

'Tournay,  toon'ni'  (Flem.  Doomik,  dSr'nik;  »i 
Civ'ttat  Nervio'rum),  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  on  I 
Scheldt,  here  crossed  by  several  flying  bridges,  and  nhi 
divides  it  into  an  old  and  a  new  town,  at  a  railway  jur 
tion,  27  miles  N.W.  of  Mons.  The  extensive  and  eel 
brated  fortifications  have  been  demolished  and  tbeir  pla 
turned  into  promenades.  It  consists  in  general  of  «p«io 
streets  and  squares,  lined  by  well-built  houses.  U 
superb  quays,  finely  planted  so  as  to  form  excellent  proi 
enades.  The  principal  edifices  are  the  cathedral,  a  ve 
ancient  structure,  of  Romanesque  and  ogival  architcctui 
with  five  pointed  towers,  a  majestic  interior,  of  whictt 


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c  ir  Is  jiartioularly  admired,  many  interesting  remains  of 
aiiquity,  and  some  good  paintings,  among  which  is  one 
o,he  Souls  in  Purgatory,  by  Rubens ;  7  other  churches,  of 
lilch  that  of  St.  Brice,  with  the  tomb  of  King  Childerio 
aioining,  is  the  most  deserving  of  notice;  the  ancient  con- 
ylt  of  St.  Martin  and  its  Gothic  church,  now  used  partly 
alt  town  house  and  partly  as  a  museum,  with  a  park  and 
bjanic  garden  adjoining ;  the  belfry,  a  lofty  tower  in  the 
itlrket-place,  supposed  to  have  formed,  in  the  beginning 
(lithe  thirteenth  century,  the  donjon  of  a  castle ;  a  large 
ai  imposing  building  in  the  Renaissance  style,  originally 
a|loth-ban,  and  now  converted  into  the  principal  guard- 
liise ;  and  a  concert-room,  with  a  columnar  facade  support- 
i|  a  dome.  Tournay  possesses  courts  of  first  resort  and 
cpmerce,  superior,  primary,  and  other  schools,  a  school  of 

!,  an  academy  of  design,  painting,  sculpture,  and  archi- 
ure,  an  episcopal  seminary,  a  picture-gallery,  a  public 
nry,  an  athenaeum,  a  theatre,  a  deaf  and  dumb  asylum, 
•ary  and  musical  societies,  and  several  hospitals  and 
ilar  benevolent  institutions.  The  manufactures,  which 
extensive,  consist  of  hosiery,  carpets,  porcelain,  linen 
cotton  tissues,  leather,  liqueurs,  Ac.  The  trade,  favored 
bjh  by  the  railway  and  by  the  navigation  of  the  Scheldt, 
iludes,  in  addition  to  the  manufactures,  a  large  export 
ojiime  from  quarries  in  the  vicinity.  Pop.  (1885)  34,274. 
rourneppe,  tooa^nSpp',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  South 
Iibant,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Sonne,  7  miles  S.  of  Brussels. 
Ihas  paper-mills.     Pop.  3071. 

I'ournon,  tooR'nis"',  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Ardeche, 
ojthe  Rhone,  here  crossed  by  a  fine  suspension-bridge,  9 
DJes  N.N.W.  of  Valence.  Pop.  4947.  It  has  a  good  quay 
0  the  Rhone,  an  old  castle  on  a  neighboring  height,  a 
llie  or  college,  silk-mills,  and  a  brisk  trade  in  Hermitage 
vfies,  woollen  and  silk  fabrics,  and  timber. 
Toarnus,  tooR^niice',  a  town  of  France,  in  Sa6ne-et- 
Ijre,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Saflne,  17  miles  N.  of  Ma,con, 
oithe  railway  from  Paris  to  Lyons.  Pop.  4412.  It  has  a 
cimber  of  commerce,  a  communal  college,  and  manufao- 
ties  of  leather,  steam-engines,  silks,  and  beet  sugar. 
iTouron,  a  town  of  An.am.  See  Toono.v. 
fouroiikhansk,  Siberia.  See  Tooicookhaxsk. 
prours,toou  (anc.  Cscaarodu'num,  afterwards  Tu'rones), 
•lityof  France,  department  of  Indre-et- Loire,  between  the 
Is.  bank  of  the  Loire  and  the  right  bank  of  the  Cher,  and  at 
t\i  termini  of  railways  from  Paris,  Bordeaux,  and  Nantes, 
^tmiles  S.W.  of  Orleans.  Lat.  47°  24'  N.;  Ion.  0°  42'  E. 
]J).  59,586.  Tours  is  situated  at  the  extremity  of  a  fine 
i.in.  The  principal  entrance  is  by  a  mngnificent  bridge 
(lie  of  the  finest  in  Europe)  across  the  Loire.  It  is  1423 
It  long,  and  consists«of  15  arches.  The  bridge  is  con- 
t'ued  by  a  fine  street,  which  traverses  the  town  through- 
(k  its  whole  length  and  constitutes  its  principal  thorough- 
ite.  The  banks  of  the  river  are  enclosed  by  a  quay,  lined 
lib  handsome  houses  and  finely-planted  promenades.  A 
jbat  part  of  the  town  is  new,  and  many  of  the  streets  are 
i'lcious  and  elegant;  but  the  older  quarters  are  very  in- 
(iFerently  built,  and  generally  consist  of  narrow,  irregular 
sheets.  The  principal  edifice  is  the  cathedral.  Its  W. 
i'nt  consists  of  three  lofty  portals  covered  with  florid  or- 
ijments,  surmounted  by  a  window  of  astonishing  dimcn- 
*ns,  and  flanked  by  two  domed  towers  205  feet  high, 
'iie  interior,  which  is  of  the  purest  Gothic,  and  lighted  by 

f dutifully  stained  glass,  is  256  feet  in  length  and  85  feet 
height.  The  other  buildings  deserving  of  notice  are  two 
•Mrers,  the  one  called  the  tower  of  St.  Martin,  or  Horloge, 
:bm  containing  the  principal  clock,  the  other  the  tower 
i;  Charlemagne,  because  his  queen  Luitgardo  was  buried 
'|iow  it,  and  both  remarkable  as  the  only  relics  which  the 
:volution  of  1793  has  left  of  the  vast  cathedral  of  St. 
Krtin  of  Tours,  after  it  had  flourished  for  twelve  cen- 
rieg;  the  church  of  St.  Julian,  a  pointed  edifice  of  the 
'Irteenth  century;  2  circular  and  machicolated  towers,  en- 
l»sed  within  the  cavalry  barracks,  forming  part  of  the 
ptle  built  by  Henry  II.  of  England;  the  church  of  St. 
lament,  a  chaste  and  beautiful  structure,  with  a  fine  por- 
11,  but  now  used  as  a  corn-market ;  the  archiepiscopal  pal- 
«,  regarded  as  one  of  the  handsomest  in  the  kingdom ; 
!e  prefecture,  with  a  public  library  and  several  remark- 
lie  manuscripts;  a  picture-gallery  and  museum  of  natural 
(story ;  the  town  house,  court-house,  general  hospital,  and 
\  elegant  fountain  of  white  marble. 

I' The  manufactures  consist  of  silk  stuffs,  ribbons,  broad- 
bth,  serge,  carpets,  pottery,  starch,  and  wax  candles;  the 
fade  is  in  corn,  wine,  brandy,  dried  fruits,  wax,  hemp, 
pol,  &o.  Tours  is  the  see  of  an  archbishop,  the  seat  of  a 
urt  of  first  resort  and  of  commerce,  and  possesses  a  cham- 
ir  of  eommerce,  a  society  of  agriculture,  science,  art,  and 


belles-lettres,  a  diocesan  seminary,  and  a  lycfe  or  college. 
It  early  acquired  considerable  importance,  and  under  th« 
Romans  became  the  capital  of  Lugdunensis  III.  In  more 
modern  times  it  had  become  famous  for  its  silk-manufac- 
tures, and  had  a  population  of  80,000,  when  the  revocation 
of  the  edict  of  Nantes  inflicted  a  blow  on  its  prosperity 
from  which  it  has  never  recovered.  Tours  has  become  a 
favorite  residence  of  the  English,  whose  numbers  within  it 
have  been  estimated  at  3000.  In  the  neighborhood,  about 
a  mile  W.  of  the  town,  is  the  castellated  den  of  Plessis-les 
Tours,  of  which  an  admirable  description  is  given  by  Scott 
in  his  "  Quentin  Durward."  Louis  XI.  died  here  in  1483. 
The  national  powder-mills  are  in  the  vicinity. 

Tourves,  toonv,  a  town  of  France,  in  Var,  19  miles  N. 
of  Toulon.     Pop.  1977. 

Tousley,  towz'le,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Wis.,  12 
miles  N.W.  of  Jefferson. 

Toussaint  (too'sint)  Creek,  of  Ohio,  flows  through 
Ottawa  CO.  into  Lake  Erie. 

Toutle,  too't^l,  or  Tootle,  a  river  of  Washington, 
rises  near  the  N.E.  corner  of  Clarke  co.,  flows  westward, 
and  enters  the  Cowlitz  River  in  Cowlitz  co. 

Tou-Yan,  a  city  of  China.     See  Too-Yan. 

Touz-Goul,  a  lake,  Chinese  Empire.     See  Tooz-Gool. 

Touzkourmaty,  Koordistan.     See  Toozkoormaty. 

Tovarnik,  to-vaR-neek',  a  town  of  Slavonia,  co.  of 
Syrmia,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Vukovar.     Pop.  2272. 

Towaliga,  tow-a-H'ga,  a  post-office  of  Butts  co., 
Ga.,  about  44  miles  S.S.E.  of  Atlanta. 

Towaliga  Creek,  Georgia,  rises  in  Henry  co.,  runs 
southeastward  through  Monroe  co.,  and  enters  the  Ocmulge» 
River  about  13  miles  N.E.  of  Forsyth. 

Tow^amen'sing,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa. 
Pop.  1209. 

"Towanda,  to-win'da,  a  post-village  in  Towanda  town- 
ship, McLean  co..  III.,  on  the  Chicago  <t  Alton  Railroad, 
8  miles  N.E.  of  Bloomington.  It  has  a  graded  school  and 
3  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1235. 

Towanda,  a  post- village  in  Towanda  township,  Butler 
CO.,  Kansas,  on  Whitewater  Creek,  about  22  miles  E.N.E. 
of  AVichita,  and  9  miles  AV.  of  EI  Dorado.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  414. 

Towanda,  a  handsome  post-borough,  capital  of  Brad- 
ford CO.,  Pa.,  in  Towanda  township,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the 
Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  at 
the  N.  terminus  of  the  State  Line  &  Sullivan  Railroad.  By 
railroad  it  is  85  miles  W.N.W.  of  Scranton,  and  37  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Elmira,  N.Y.  It  has  a  court-house,  7  churches, 
a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  the  Susquehanna  Collegiate 
Institute,  and  3  or  4  newspaper  offices.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  furniture,  mowing-machines,  fanning-mills,  Ac. 
The  Barclay  Railroad  extends  from  this  place  to  the  coal- 
mines at  Barclay.  Pop.  in  1880,  3814;  of  Towanda  town- 
ship, 1142  additional. 

"Towanda  Creek,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  runs  nearly 
northeastward,  and  enters  the  North  Branch  of  the  Sus- 
quehanna River  about  2  miles  below  Towanda. 

Towash,  to-wash',  a  post-village  of  Hill  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  Brazos  River,  about  115  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Austin. 

Towcester,  tows'ter  (anc.  Lactodu'rum),  a  town  of 
England,  co.  and  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Northampton,  on  the 
ancient  Watling  Street.  Pop.  2465.  It  has  a  mediaeval 
church,  and  manufactures  of  silks  and  bobbin-lace. 

Tow'er,  a  post-office  of  Deer  Lodge  co.,  Montana. 

Tow'er  City,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  Dakota,  on 
the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  40  miles  W.  of  Fargo.  It 
has  a  church,  a  newspaper  office,  and  4  stores. 

Tower  City,  a  post-village  in  Porter  township,  Schuyl- 
kill CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Lebanon  A  Tremont  Railroad,  11  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Tremont.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  358. 

ToAV'er  Ham'iets,  a  parliamentary  borough  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  Middlesex,  comprising  all  that  part  of  the  me- 
tropolis E.  of  the  city  of  London  and  Finsbury,  extending 
S.  to  the  Thames,  and  consisting  of  the  parishes  of  Shore- 
ditch,  Spitalfields,  Bethnal  Green,  Limchousc,  Poplar,  Ac. 
The  borough  contains  the  London  and  St.  Katharine's 
docks,  the  mint,  Trinity  House,  the  London  Hospital  and 
numerous  other  charitable  institutions,  and  the  terminus  of 
the  East  and  Northeast  Counties  Railways.  The  Tower  of 
London,  whence  its  name,  is  at  the  S.W.  extremity.  This 
borough  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 
(See  London.)     Pop.  391,790. 

Tower  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Tower  Hill  township, 
Shelby  oo..  111.,  on  the  Indianapolis  A  St.  Louis  Railroad, 
at  its  junction  with  the  Springfield  division  of  the  Ohio  ft 
Mississippi  Railroad,  6i  miles  E.  of  Pana,  and  9  miles  W. 
of  Shelbyville.     It  has  2  churches,  a  money-order  pos(> 


TOW 


2640 


TRA 


offioe,  and  a  graded  school.  Hero  is  a  hill  which  com- 
mands an  extensive  riew.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1176. 

Tower  Hill,  a  po«t-offlce  of  Delaware  oo.,  Iowa,  about 
32  miles  N.W.  of  Anamosa. 

Tower  Hill,  a  po«t-ham1ot  of  Appomattox  co.,  Va., 
14  luilus  N.of  Appomuttox  Depot.     Near  it  aro  2  churches. 

Tower  Spring,  a  post-uQice  of  Lincoln  co.,  Kansas. 

Tow'erville,  a  post-hamlot  of  Crawford  co.,  Wis.,  12 
miles  S.  of  Viroqua.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  store. 

Tow  Law,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  10  miles  W.  of 
Durham.     Pop.  4068. 

Towlesville,  tOwli'vIl,  a  post-hamlot  of  Steuben  co., 
N.Y.,  5  luilos  S.W.  of  Kanona.     It  has  2  churches. 

Town  Bluff,  a  post-hamlot  of  Tyler  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Noches  River,  about  100  miles  direct  N.E.  of  Houston. 

Town  Creek,  Alabama,  runs  northward  through 
Lawrence  co.,  and  enters  the  Tennessee  River. 

Town  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  oo.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad,  18  miles  E.  of  Tus- 
onmbia.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  school-house. 

Town  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Gilmer  oo.,  Ga. 

Town  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Brunswick  co., 
N.C.,  about  8  miles  S.W.  of  Wilmington.  It  has  forests  of 
cypress  and  pine.     Pop.  2392. 

Town'er  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa,  6  miles 
S.W.  of  Polk  City. 

Towner's,  a  post-village  in  Patterson  township,  Put- 
nam CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  <t  Harlem  Railroad,  69 
miles  N.N.E.  of  New  York,  and  1  mile  from  Croton  Lake. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  wagon-shop,  <!tc.  About  250  cans  of 
milk  are  daily  shipped  here. 

Townesville,  tSwnz'vIl,  or  Towns'ville,  a  post- 
villago  in  Townsville  township,  Granville  oo.,  N.C.,  about 
52  miles  N.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  2187. 

Town  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  about 
22  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Wilkesbarre.  It  has  a  church,  a  tan- 
nery, a  flour-mill,  Ac. 

Town  House,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smyth  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches. 

Town  House  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Albany  co., 
N.Y.,  3  miles  from  AVest  Troy.     It  has  a  church. 

Town  Line,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
AV.  line  of  Alden  township,  and  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  15 
miles  E.  of  Buffalo.     It  has  2  churches. 

Town  Line,  a  post-hamlet  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  about 
18  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Wilkesbarre. 

ToAvn  Point,  a  village  and  landing  of  Cecil  co.,  Md., 
on  Elk  River,  about  48  miles  E.N.E.  of  Baltimore.  It  has 
several  stores  and  boarding-houses.  The  Baltimore  steam- 
boats touch  here  daily.     Pop.  about  200. 

Towns,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Georgia,  bordering 
on  North  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  200  square  miles. 
It  is  drained  by  the  Hiawassee  River,  which  rises  in  it. 
The  surface  is  partly  mountainous,  and  mostly  covered  with 
forests.  Indian  corn,  oats,  grass,  and  live-stock  are  the 
staple  products.  Capital,  Hiawassee.  Valuation  of  real 
and  personal  estate,  $406,320.  Pop.  in  1870,  2780,  of  whom 
2779  were  Americans;  in  1880,  3261. 

Towns,  a  post-village  of  Telfair  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Macon 
A  Brunswick  Railroad,  86  miles  S.S.E.  of  Macon.  It  has 
»  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  turpentine-works,  &o, 

ToAvnsbury,  tSwnz'b^r-e,  a  post-village  in  Hope 
township,  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  on  Pequest  Creek,  5  miles  N.E. 
of  Oxford.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a 
distillery. 

Towns'end,  a  post-village  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  on 
the  Delaware  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Kent 
County  Railroad,  29  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Wilmington. 

Townsend,  or  Townsend  Centre,  a  post-village 
in  Townsend  township,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Squan- 
nacook  River,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Fitchburg  Railroad, 
about  22  miles  W.  of  Lowell,  and  44  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bos- 
ton. It  has  3  churches,  a  national  bank,  and  several  fac- 
tories. The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Townsend.  Pop.  in 
1880,  1142;  of  the  township,  which  contains  Townsend 
Harbor  and  West  Townsend,  1967. 

Townsend,  a  post-office  of  Gage  co..  Neb. 

Townsend,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuyler  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Dix  township,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Watkins,  and  about  20 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Elmira.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  vine- 
gar-factory. 

Townsend,  a  township  of  Huron  co.,  0.     Pop.  1300. 

Townsend,  a  post-township  of  Sandusky  co.,  0.,  about 
10  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Fremont.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by 
Sandusky  Bay,  and  intersected  by  the  Cincinnati,  Sandusky 
A  Cleveland  Railroad.    Pop.  1697.     See  York. 


Townsend  Centre,  a  post-vilhvgo  in  Norfolk 
Ontario,  2i  uiilcs  from  Watcrford.     Pop.  100. 

Towns'cnd  Har'bor,  a  post-villago  of  Middlwe 
CO.,  Mass.,  in  Townsend  township,  on  tlio  Squantiswio 
River,  and  on  the  Peterborough  A  .Shirley  Urimoh  lUil 
road,  43  miles  W.N.W.  of  Boston.     It  has  fovernl  inllli 

Townsend  Inlet,  a  post-hnmkt  of  Cope  M«y  co 
N.J.,  on  or  near  the  sea-coast,  about  22  milus  S.W  of  At 
lantio  City.     Pop.  309. 

Townsend  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Gihncr  co.,  AV.  Va. 

Towns'cndville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scnoca  co.,  N.Y 
about  32  miles  N.  of  Elmira.  It  has  1  or  2  ohuroheii'aiKl  i 
carriage-shop. 

Town'sen  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Lampasas  eo.,  Tm, 

Townslieud,  tfiwnz'end,  a  post-village  in  Town-1  ■ 
township,  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  on  West  River,  about  Hi 
W.S.W.  of  Bellows  Falls,  and  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bui,,, 
ton.     It  contains  2  churches,  a  steam  saw-mill,  a  buLOi^ 
factory,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1171. 

Town  Site,  a  post-ofliee  of  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn. 

Towus'ville,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Ky. 

Townsville,  North  Carolina.    See  Towsksvillr. 

Townsville,  township,  Granville  co.,  N.C.    P.  2187. 

Townsville,  or  Town'ville,  a  post-borough  InSten- 
ben  township,  Crawford  co..  Pa.,  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Tiiui. 
ville.  It  has  4  churches,  and  manufactures  of  carrisgM 
oars,  wooden  bowls,  and  lumber.     Pop.  280. 

Towns'ville,  a  seapoit  town  of  Queensland, on  Clev«. 
land  Bay,  N.E.  coast,  about  hit.  19°  15'  S.     Pop.  2174. 

Town'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anderson  co.,  B.C.,  10 
miles  S.  of  Seneca. 

Town-Yeth'olm,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  IloxJ 
burgh,  on  the  left  bank  of  Beaumont  Water,  across  which 
it  communicates  with  Kirk-Yctholm.    See  Yetholm. 

Towson,  t3w's^)n,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Baltimor«i 
CO.,  Md.,  on  the  Maryland  Central  Railroad,  about  8  tnilei 
N.  of  Baltimore,  and  2  miles  E.  of  the  Northern  CeDtr&l 
Railroad.  It  has  3  newspaper  offices,  3  churches,  a  court*  { 
house,  and  a  high  school. 

Tow'ton,  a  township  of  England,  co.  of  York,  Wert' 
Riding,  2^  miles  S.  of  Tadcaster.     Here  a  great  battK; 
fought  between  the  houses  of  York  and  Lancaster  in 

To'wy,  a  river  of  South  Wales,  rises  in  the  co.  ot  ..-. 
digan,  flows  mostly  S.W.  through  Carmarthenshire,  andii 
joins  Carmarthen   Bay  8  miles  S.  of  Carmarthen.    Total 
course,  60  miles.     It  is  navigable  from  the  soa  to  Carinar-j 
then  for  vessels  of  200  tons'  burden.  i 

To'wyn,  or  Ty'wyn,  a  parish  and  village  of  Northl 
Wales,  on  its  W.  coast,  co.  of  Merioneth,  near  Cardigan  1 
Bay,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Barmoutl».  Pop.  3307,  engaged  | 
in  woollen-mills,  slate-quarries,  and  lead-  and  cop])er-j 
mines.  i 

Tox'away,  a  river  of  Pickens  co.,  S.C,  is  a  small 
branch  of  the  Kiowee. 

Toxaway,  a  post-office  of  Oconee  co.,  S.C,  11  milo  S. 
of  Walhalla. 

Tox'teth  Park,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster, 
the  N.E.  quarter  of  the  town  of  Liverpool.  Pop.  91,i*12, 
mostly  within  the  limits  of  Liverpool. 

To'zer,  a  town  of  Tunis,  on  the  W.  side  of  Lake  Al 
Sibkah  (Lowdeah).     It  has  a  large  trade  in  dates. 

Traben,  tri'b^n,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  govom- 
ment  and  39  miles  S.W.  of  Coblentz,  at  the  foot  of  the 
Trabenberg,  on  the  Moselle,  opposite  Trarbach. 

Trabezh,  or  Trabej,  tri-bdzh',  written  also  Tra- 
besch,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  S.AV.  of  the  govern- 
ment of  Chernigov,  enters  the  government  of  Poltava,  flows 
first  S.S.W.  to  Pereslavl,  then  S.W.,  and  joins  the  Dnieper 
on  the  left,  after  a  course  of  about  90  mile.s. 

Trabia,  tri-bee'd,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Sicily,  province 
of  Palermo,  on  the  sea,  20  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  Palermo. 
Pop.  4431. 

Tra'bing  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albany  co.,  Wyo- 
ming, 200  miles  from  Medicine  Bow. 

Tracadie,  trak'a-dee\  a  seaport  town  of  Nova  Scotia, 
CO.  of  Antigonish,  at  the  head  of  Pouiquet  Harbor,  formed 
by  St.  George's  Bay,  164  miles  N.E.of  Halifax.  The  har- 
bor  is  capable  of  receiving  vessels  of  any  size,  and  timber 
and  gypsum  are  exported.  The  Trappists  have  a  monas- 
tery here,  and  there  is  also  a  convent.     Pop.  1700. 

Tracadie,  a  post-village  in  Gloucester  co.,  NcwBrunJ- 
wick,  on  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence,  50  miles  from  Chatham. 
It  has  a  hospital  for  lepers.  The  inhabitants  are  chiefly 
engaged  in  the  fishery.     Pop.  1200. 

Trace  Creek,  a  post-office  6f  Madison  co..  Mo. 

Trace  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Magoffin  co.,  Ky. 

Trace  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  W.  Va. 


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'ra'cey,  a  station  in  Wabasha  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  Mid- 
la  I  Kiiilroad,  22  miles  W.  of  Wabasha. 

'racey's,  a  station  of  the  Freehold  <k  Jamcsburg  Rail- 
re  I,  6i  miles  N.W.  of  Freehold,  N.J. 

'racey  Station,  a  post-village  in  Sunbury  co.,  Now 
B  nswick,  on  the  North  Branch  of  Oromocto  Hirer,  and 
01  he  European  <fc  North  American  Railroad,  3i  miles  from 
B  svillo.     It  has  stores  and  saw-mills.     Pop.  250. 

'rachenberg,  triic'^n-bfiao^  or  Straburek,  strl'- 
bi:  rflIvS  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  26  miles  N.N.W.  of 
B  ilau,  capital  of  a  principality,  on  the  Rartsch.  P.  3073. 

'rachselwald,tr4K'8§l-*!i,It\a  village  of  Switzerland, 
reion  and  15  miles  B.N.E.  of  Bern.     Pop.  1671. 

rack  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  Ga. 

racy,  San  Joaquin  co.,  Cal.    See  Ellis. 

ra'cy,  a  hamlet  of  Huntingdon  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Wa- 
ba  River,  about  24  miles  S.S.W.  of  Fort  Wayne. 

racy,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  rail- 
ro,  between  Albia  and  Knoxville,  19  miles  N.W.of  Albia. 

racy,  a  post-office  of  Barren  co.,  Ky. 

I  racy,  a  post- village  of  Lyon  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  Wi- 
nck  &  St.  Peter  Railroad,  91  miles  W.  of  St.  Peter.  It  has 
a  bney-order  post-office  and  2  churches.     P.  in  1880,  322. 

Iracy,  a  station  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  37  miles 
E.jy  N.  of  Cheyenne,  Wyoming. 

racy  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Grundy  co., 
T€|l.,  about  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Chattanooga,  which  is  80 
mfs  distant  by  railroad.  It  is  on  a  railroad  which  is  23 
mis  long  and  connects  at  Cowan  with  the  Nashville  & 
c4t*nooga  Railroad.  It  has  valuable  coal-mines,  a  news- 
pair  office,  2  churches,  and  a  fuundrj'.  Here  are  numer- 
ou3olce-ovens,  and  the  machine-shops  and  car-shops  of  the 
Te lessee  Coal  <fc  Railroad  Co.,  who  employ  about  500  men. 

racy  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  in  Vestal  township, 
Biime  CO.,  N.Y.,  about  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Binghamton. 

racy's  Landing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anno  Arundel 
co^d.,  on  Chesapeake  Bay,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Annapolis. 

racy  Station,  a  post-village  in  Union  township,- La 
Pee  CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad  (Chicago 
di'  lion),  62  miles  E.S.E.  of  Chicago,  and  12  miles  S.  of  La 
Pee.     It  has  2  churches. 

radate,  tri-di'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  11 
mfe  S.W.  of  Como.     Pop.  2579. 

rade,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  co.,  Tenn.,  40  miles 
S.  f  B.  of  Abingdon,  Va.     It  has  a  church. 

rade  City,  a  post-village  in  North  Mahoning  town- 
sh ,  Indiana  co..  Pa.,  22  miles  N.  of  Indiana.  It  has  a 
ch  eh  and  a  wagon-shop. 

rade  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burnett  co..  Wis.,  on 
anixpansion  of  Trade  River,  20  miles  E.  of  Rush  City, 
M  n.     Pop.  of  township,  434. 

rader  Cross  Roads,  post-office,  Fayette  co..  Pa. 

rade  River,  a  post-office  of  Burnett  co.,  AVis. 

Iraders  Hill,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Charlton  co., 
Gdfon  St.  Mary's  River,  about  44  miles  S.W.  of  Bruns- 
wi  .     It  has  2  churches. 

wader's  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  3 
mis  from  New  Augusta  Station,  and  about  13  miles  N.W. 
of  ndianapolis.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

prader's  Point,  a  station  of  the  Kansas  City,  St. 
Jonh  A  Council  Bluffs  Railroad,  on  the  Missouri  Riv^r, 
6ililes  S.  of  Council  Bluffs,  Iowa. 

^a'dersviile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  0.,  about 
28|iiles  W.  of  Columbus.     It  has  a  church. 

fadesville,  tradz'vil,  a  hamlet  of  Edgecombe  co., 
_.-,  8  miles  from  Tarborough. 

padetown,  a  maritime  settlement  of  Liberia,  in  West 
Atea,  near  the  central  point  of  the  coast-line. 

fradewater,  Kentucky.    See  Dawso.v. 

jradewater  (trild'wi'ter)  River,  Kentucky,  drains 
pap  of  Caldwell  and  Hopkins  cos.,  runs  northwestward, 
an  forms  the  boundary  between  Crittenden  and  Union 
coflintil  it  enters  the  Ohio  River. 

rading  Post,  Kansas.     See  Blooming  Grove. 

|radok,  a  village,  island  of  Borneo.   See  Mostradok. 

^aer,  trair,  a  post-village  in  Perry  township,  Tama 
colowa,  on  the  Pacific  division  of  the  Burlington,  Cedar 
Uodg  &  Northern  Railroad,  25  miles  W.  of  Vinton.  It 
liBK  banking-offices,  a  newspaper  office,  2  churohes,  and  a 
«i*y-order  post-office.     Pop.  in  1880,  1100. 

raetto,  Italy.    See  Trajetto. 

Irafalgar,  Spain.    See  Cape  Trafalgar. 

Tafalgar,  Johnson  co.,  Ind.    See  Liberty. 

raPalgar',  or  Post'ville,  a  post-village  in  Halton 
sopntario,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Oakville.     Pop.  100. 

iraghan,  tr4'gin',  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Fezzan,  40 
miis  E.  of  Moorzook. 


Tragnrium,  the  ancient  name  of  Trau. 

Trahiras,  tri-ee'ris,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  of 
Goyaz,  on  the  river  Trahiras,  15  miles  from  its  confluence 
with  the  Maranhao. 

Traigiiera,  trl-gi'r4,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Ca^tellon  de 
la  Plana,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Benicarlo.     Pop.  2154. 

Trail  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  N.C. 

Trail  Creek,  township,  Harrison  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1085. 

Traill,  trale,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Dakota,  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Red  River  of  the  North.  The 
surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile.  It 
is  nearly  all  prairie.     Capital,  Caledonia.     P.  (1880)  4123. 

Trail  Ridge,  a  station  in  Bradford  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
railroad  between  Fernandina  and  Gainesville,  34  miles  S.W. 
of  Jacksonville. 

Trail  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  0.,  29  milea 
S.  by  E.  of  Barnesville.    It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Traiskirchen,  tris'keeRK'?n,  a  town  of  Lower  Aus- 
tria, 15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  1506. 

Trai'tor's  (or  Verrader's,  fer-r4'd§rs)  Island,  one 
of  the  Navigators'  group,  in  the  Pacific.  Lat.  15°  57'  S. ; 
Ion.  173°  58'  W.  It  has  an  elevated  surface  and  a  fertile 
soil,  and  appears  to  be  densely  peopled. 

'Trajan,  trd'yin',  a  town  of  Bulgaria,  on  the  Osma,  23 
miles  S.  of  Loftscha. 

TrtOanopolis,  European  Turkey.    See  Orikhota. 

Trajanus  Portus.    See  Civita  Vecchia. 

Trajectum  ad  Mosam.    See  Maestuicht. 

Trajectum  ad  Rhenum.    See  Utrecht. 

Trajectum  Francorum.    See  Frankfort. 

Trajetto,  tri-ySt'to,  or  Traetto,  tri'it'to,  a  town  of 
Italy,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Gaeta,  with  5  churches.     Pop.  4093, 

Tralee,  tr3,-lee',  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland,  capital  of 
the  CO.  of  Kerry,  on  the  Lee,  about  1  mile  above  the  head 
of  Tralee  Bay,  59  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cork.  Pop.  9506.  It 
is  regularly  and  well  built,  lighted  and  cleaned,  and  is  a 
rapidly-increasing  and  thriving  town.  The  principal  pub- 
lic edifices  are  a  handsome  church,  2  large  chapels,  a  nun- 
nery with  a  female  school,  several  other  schools,  a  county 
court-house,  a  hospital,  lunatic  asylum,  infirmary,  jail,  bar- 
racks, workhouse,  club-house,  news-room,  custom-house, 
and  market-house.  The  port  is  the  seat  of  a  brisk  trade 
in  grain  and  flour.  Vessels  of  300  tons  can  discharge  at 
the  town  by  means  of  a  ship-canal ;  large  vessels  anchor  at 
Blennerville,  1  mile  below,  and  at  Samphire  Islands,  6 
miles  W.  It  is  the  seat  of  county  assizes  and  quarter 
sessions,  and  the  head  of  a  poor-law  union.  The  borough 
sends  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons,  In  the 
vicinity  is  also  a  spa,  a  good  deal  resorted  to  by  invalids. 

Tralee  Bay,  in  Ireland,  immediately  S.  of  the  estuary 
of  the  Shannon,  15  miles  in  length,  and  7  miles  in  breadth. 

Tramaye,  trd^mi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Sa6ne-et- 
Loire,  11  miles  W.  of  M^con.     Pop.  1028. 

Traraelan,  tri'meh-14n\  or  Tremlingen,  tr5m'- 
ling-§n,  a  village  and  parish  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  25 
miles  N.W.  of  Bern,  near  the  source  of  the  Birse.  It  con- 
sists of  Upper  and  Lower  Tramelan,  and  has  manufactures 
of  clocks,  and  particularly  of  a  kind  of  horse-hair  plait, 
much  used  by  the  female  peasantry  of  the  canton  in  their 
head-dross.     Pop.  3289. 

Tram'mel  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Buchanan  co.,  Va. 

Tram'mel's  Creek  rises  by  several  branches  in  Sum- 
ner CO.,  Tenn.,  runs  northward,  and  enters  the  Big  Barren 
River  in  Kentucky,  about  5  miles  S.E.  of  Bowling  Green. 

Tramonti,  tr8,-mon'tee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
7  miles  Vf.  of  Salerno.  It  consists  of  several  scattered 
hamlets,  and  contains  14  churches,  a  monastery  and  nun- 
nery, and  several  charitable  establishments.  Much  char- 
coal is  prepared  here  for  the  supply  of  Naples.     Pop.  4823. 

Tramore',  a  town  and  bathing-place  of  Ireland,  co. 
and  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Waterford,  on  the  N.W.  side  of  Tra- 
more Bay.     Pop.  2011. 

Tramntola,  tri-moo'to-li,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basil! - 
cata,  23  miles  S.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  3804. 

Tran,  tr4n,  Tranhac,  trin'hdk',  and  Tranhang, 
trin^hing',  towns  of  Anam,  in  Tonquin,  near  the  Chinese 
frontier. 

Trancoso,  trin-ko'so,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of 
Beira,  26  miles  E.N.E.  of  Viseu.     Pop.  2551. 

Trancoso,  trin-ko'so,  a  maritime  town  of  Brazil, 
province  and  20  miles  S.  of  Porto  Seguro. 

Tran^ent',  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Haddington,  on 
the  North  British  Railway,  9i  miles  E.  of  Edinburgh,  and 
near  the  Firth  of  Forth.     Pop.  2306. 

Trani,  trl'nee  (anc.  Ture'num  or  Traniumt),  a  seaport 
town  of  Italy,  province  of  Bari,  on  the  Adriatic,  25  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Bari.    Lat.  41°  17'  N.;  Ion.  16°  26'  E.     Pop. 


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24,020.  It  is  (urroundod  by  a  fosso  and  a  wall,  and  is  cn- 
toroU  by  3  {^utus.  Tlie  buudoa  aro  tolerably  well  built,  but 
the  <troetd,  with  suiue  cxcoptiuns,  are  narrow,  winding, 
and  badly  paved.  The  principal  odiricos  aro  the  cathedral 
and  the  oastle.  There  are,  besides,  2U  parish  cburohes,  a 
diocesan  soiuinary,  a  theatre,  and  a  female  orphan  asylum. 
The  harbor,  which  is  almost  encircled  by  the  town,  once 
contained  great  du}>th  of  water,  but  hiis  so  much  silted  up 
that  small  vesttols  only  can  enter.  It  has  considerable  trade 
in  oil,  silk,  wine,  fruit,  <tc.  Trani  sutTers  much  from  ex- 
cessive summer  heats.  Cotton  is  grown  in  the  district,  and 
partly  manufactured  into  coarse  goods.  The  town  is  an 
archbishop's  see,  and  the  seat  of  a  superior  civil  court. 

Trau'incrc,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Chester,  form- 
ing a  S.  suburb  of  Birkenhead.     Pop.  10,143. 

TranquCf  tr&n'ki,  an  island  of  South  America,  forming 
the  entrance  to  a  bay  on  the  E.  coast  of  the  island  of  Chiloe. 
A  range  of  hills,  nowhere  exceeding  3UU  feet  in  height,  runs 
through  it  from  N.W.  to  S.E.  The  inhabitants  appear  to 
be  few  in  number. 

Tranquebar,  tran-kwo-bar',  a  seaport  town  of  India, 
on  the  Coromandel  ooast,  in  the  delta  uf  the  Cavory,  140 
miles  S.W.  of  Madras.  Lat.  11°  N. ;  Ion.  81°  54'  E.  It 
stands  between  two  arms  of  the  river  Cavery,  and  is  sur- 
roumlcd  by  ramparts  faced  with  masonry,  and  having  at 
the  S.E.  angle  the  castle  of  Dansborg,  with  a  light-house 
and  the  government  ofiices.  The  town  is  neatly  built,  the 
houses  being  of  European  architecture.  There  are  Prot- 
estant churches,  a  Portuguese  chapel,  and  Danish,  English, 
and  Portuguese  schools.  The  temperature  commonly  ranges 
between  70°  and  100°  Fahr.,  but  the  heat  is  moderated  by 
sea-breezes.  Some  manufactures  of  coarse  cottons  and 
handkerchiefs,  oil,  soap,  leather,  and  salt  are  carried  on. 
Tranquebar  belonged  to  Denmark  till  1846,  when  it  was 
ceded  by  purchiise  to  England. 

Tran^quilMaf  a  post-office  of  Jones  co.,  Qa.,  about  22 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Macon. 

Tranqiiil'lityf  a  pust-ofBce  of  Appanoose  oo.,  Iowa,  9 
miles  N.W.  of  Numa. 

Tranquillity,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Greene  township,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Andover.  It  has  a  flour- 
mill  and  saw-mill. 

Tranquillity,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co.,  0.,  about 
40  miles  S.W.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  a  church  and  a  steam 
saw-mill. 

Transbaikalia,  trivns'bl-kl'le-a  (Russ.  Znhaikah- 
kaiya,  zi-bi-k3,ls-ki'y&),  a  government  of  Russia,  in  East- 
ern Siberia,  having  Lake  Baikal  on  the  N.W.  and  Chinese 
Mongolia  on  the  S.  Area,  240,770  square  miles.  It  is  rich 
in  mineral  and  pastoral  resources.  Chief  town,  Troitzkos- 
savsk.     Pop.  430,780. 

Transcas'pian  Territories,  a  district  of  Asiatic 
Russia,  bounded  W.  by  the  Caspian,  S.  by  Persia,  and  E.  by 
Khiva.  Its  E.  angle  reaches  the  Aral  Sea.  It  is  mostly  a 
desert  steppe,  inhabited  by  Toorkomans.  Area,  125,795 
square  miles.     Pop.  275,000. 

Transcaucasia,  trans-kaw-ka'she-^i,  properly  that 
part  of  the  Russian  lieutenancy  of  the  Caucasus  which  lies 
on  the  S.  or  Asiatic  side  of  the  main  range  of  Caucasus. 
It  includes  the  districts  and  governments  of  Chernomorsk, 
Sookhoom,  Kootais,  Tiflis,  Sakatal,  Erivan,  Yeiisavetpol, 
Bakoo,  and  Daghestan,  though  Daghestan  and  a  part  of 
Bakoo  are  on  the  Ciscaucasian  side  of  the  range,  and  to  the 
above  may  be  added  the  district  of  Kars,  conquered  from 
Turkey  in  1877.  Area,  91,384  square  miles.  Capital, 
Tiflis.     Pop.  3,995,414. 

Trans'fer,  a  station  in  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Keokuk  k  Des  Moines  Railroad  and  the  Central  Railroad, 
8  miles  S.  of  Oskaloosa. 

Transfer,  a  station  in  Pottawattamie  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  1  mile  W.  of 
Council  BlufTs. 

Transfer,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pymatuning  township, 
Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Erie  &  Pittsburg  Railroad  and  the 
Atlantic  &  Great  Western  Railroad,  9  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Sharon,  and  6  miles  S.  of  Greenville.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  about  250. 

Trau'sit,  post- township,  Sibley  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  442. 

Transit,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  12  miles  N. 
of  Cincinnati. 

Transit  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Genesee  River,  4  miles  N.  of  Belvidere,  and  8 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Belmont.     It  has  a  cheese-factory. 

Tran'sitville,  a  post-village  in  Washington  township, 
Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  8  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Lafayette.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  205. 

Traiisleitbania,  trans-li-til'ne-^  (so  named  because 


the  river  Leytha  forms  a  part  of  its  W.  boundary)  >  n* 
applied   to   that  part  of   Austro-Hungary  which  ii  unl 
regal   and  not  imperial   government.      It  ooinprisw  ,( 
kingdom   of    Hungary    (wiih   Transylvania),  th.  uni,, 
kingdom  of  Croatia  and  Slavonia,  and  the  military  frunii« 

Transojiana,  Central  Aula.    Sec  Hokhaua 

Trans'pudane  Ucpublic,astatu  formed  in  luivh 
Napoleon  in  17UC)  of  part  of  Lombardy  and  Veneti*.  ] 
1797  it  was  incorporated  with  the  Cisalpine  Republic 

Transvaal,  trans-v&l',  a   country  of  South  Africi 
formed  an  independent  republic  from  1840  to  1877  whe 
it  was  annexed  to  the  Cape  Colony.     In  1880  tb«' iJort 
took  up  arms,  and  in  1881  the  British  govemnieiil  cuncod* 
complete  autonomy  to  the  settlors.     The  name  wu  ..ii 
quently  changed  to  the  South   African   Republic. 
1 14,360  square  miles.     It  is  a  fertile  region,  bounde,! 
the  Vaal  River,  N.  by  the  Limpopo,  and  K.  by  Zuh. 
from   which   it  is  in  part  se|)arated   by  the  Draku, 
Mountains.     It  is  peopled  mainly  by  native  African 
by  the  Boors,  a  people  of  Dutch  descent  and  Ian. 
The  climate  is  temperate,  and  the  country  is  rich  in 
erals.     Capital,  Pretoria.     Pop.  about  65,000  whitt- 
775.000  native  Africans. 

Transylvania,  tran-sil-ya'ne-^  (Ger.  SlehenU. 
seo'b§n-bUiio'9n,   the  "seven  towns";    Hun.  £></,' 
«2(ijr,  SuMaii' oii^slg';  Fr.  Tra)iaiflvanie,  trbii°'AV\h 
a  grand  principality  and  formerly  a  separate  crowi- 
and  grand  duchy  attached  to  the  Hungarian  cmwi 
which  it  was  fully  merged  in  1878,  and  now  foru 
S.E.  portion  of  the  empire  of  Austro-Hungary,  b. 
N.  and  W.  by  Hungary  proper,  S.  and  E.  by  Uom. 
from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  Carpathian  Moui/ 
and  N.E.  by  the  Bukowina.     Lat.  45°  12'  to  47°  4 
Ion.  22°  15'  to  26°  20'  E.     Greatest  length,  from  E. 
194   miles;    greatest    breadth,    165   miles.     Area,   ': 
square  miles.     The  surface  is  very  much  diversifn 
generally  mountainous ;    the  Carpathian   chain  nit 
covers  its  S.  and  E.  frontier,  but  sends  out  nuuierou.'' 
fications,  the  most  important  of  which,  proceeding  !> 
to  W.,  give  more  or  less  of  that  direction  to  its  prii 
streams.     The  culminating  points  of  the  mouniiii 
situated  near  the  S.  frontier.     The  whole  surface  bcl 
the  basin  of  the  Danube,  which  receives  a  great  par; 
waters,  but  a  little  to  the  N.  of  the  centre  a  braneli 
Carpathians  stretches  across  it  from  E.  to  W.,  and  ! 
secondary  water-shed.      All  the  country  S.  of  it  ii  d: 
by  rivers  which  have  a  S.W.  or  W.S.W.  direction  an 
reacli  the  Danube  without  many  windings.    The  el, 
these  are  the  Aloota  and  the  Maros,   with  its  trib 
the  Great  and  Little  Kokel.     But  to  the  N.  of  the  . 
water-shed  the  rivers,  being  barred  by  it,  take  first  a  W 
and  then  a  N.  direction  towards  the  Theiss,  and  hence  tlnl 
waters  of  the  N.  part  of  Transylvania  do  not  rcu' '  "' 
Danube  before  they  have  made  the  circuit  of  a  grca; 
of  Hungary.     The  principal  rivers  by  which  the  dm 
is  thus  eflfected  are  the  Szamos,  by  far  the  largest,  tlit 
Kraszna,  and  the  Koros. 

The  climate  is  very  much- modified  by  the  diverfit- '-f 
surface,  the  higher  districts  having  a  severe  winter, 
on  the  other  hand,  the  summer  heat  of  the  lower  g: 
ft  at  times  extreme.  But,  on  the  whole,  the  air  is  In 
the  sky  clear,  and  the  temperature  well  adapted  to 
all  the  more  valuable  plants  of  Central  Euroj)e  to  mati : 

In  some  of  the  loftier  districts  which  almost  border  ui 
the  limits  of  perpetual  snow,  vegetation  is  confined  withit 
very  narrow  limits ;  but  the  lower  altitudes  are  clothed  will 
forests  which  furnish  valuable  timber.  In  all  quiirtcn 
apples,  pears,  plums,  cherries,  apricots,  and  peaches  are  K 
be  had  in  abundance,  and  the  culture  of  the  vine  is  gen 
eral.  Notwithstanding  the  general  ruggedness  of  the  lur- 
face,  there  are  many  wide  valleys  and  extensive  pUim 
admirably  adapted  to  agriculture,  and  on  these,  in  conse 
quence  of  their  natural  fertility,  rich  harvests  aro  reaped 
The  chief  crops  are  wheat,  barley,  oats,  rye,  buckwheat 
maize,  pulse,  potatoes,  fruits,  tobacco,  flax,  hemp,  saffron, 
and  wine.  The  rearing  of  horses,  sheep,  and  other  live 
stock  is  important.  In  the  Szekler  country  is  a  breed  of 
hardy  ponies,  and  the  horses  elsewhere  have  been  muct 
improved.  Bufi^aloes  are  used  for  field-labor;  the  bear 
wolf,  and  an  abundance  of  game  roam  in  the  forests,  it 
which  also  great  numbers  of  hogs  are  fed.  The  rivers  ar( 
remarkably  well  supplied  with  fish.  Bees  are  very  numeroui 
in  a  wild  state,  yielding  large  quantities  of  honey  and  wax 

The  most  remarkable  mineral  product  is  rock  salt,  a  bw 
of  which  extends  from  Waliachia  through  Transylvania t( 
Galicia,  covering  a  space  of  570  miles  in  length  and  froir 
60  to  80  miles  in  breadth.     There  are,  besides,  inony  it»i 


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2643 


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giings.  Gold,  silver,  iron,  lead,  copper,  antimony,  arsenic, 
urcury,  alum,  sulphur,  nitre,  and  marble  are  among  the 
cpf  mineral  products.  Crystals  and  fine  pebbles,  in- 
cHing  garnets,  chrysolites,  amethysts,  ohalccdonios,  agates, 
c;nclians,  and  jaspers,  are  found.  The  manufactures, 
cjefly  in  the  hands  of  the  German  inhabitants,  consist 
jihcipally  of  woollen  cloth,  flannel,  and  linen.  Other 
iiLufaoturos,  besides  those  connouted  with  the  working  of 
tlTvarious  metals  and  minerals,  are  paper,  gunpowder, 
llher,  porcelain-  and  earthen- ware,  glass-,  iron-,  andcop- 
plware,  furniture,  and  a  great  variety  of  articles  in  wood. 

fho  trade  is  in  a  great  measure  confined  to  the  natural 
i)Uuce  of  the  country.  The  most  important  exports  are 
sit,  corn,  cattle,  horses,  wax,  honey,  tobacco,  wood,  wool, 
sme,  hides,  skins,  iron,  and  antimony.  The  imports,  in- 
tfluoed  chiefly  by  native  merchants,  consist  of  all  kinds 
oiuanufactures,  tissues,  millinery,  colonial  produce,  hats, 
gks,  &o.  The  transit  and  commission  trade  is  carried  on 
bfArmenians  and  Greeks.  The  Maros  and  Szamos  Rivers 
g(|'e  as  the  chief  routes  for  the  conveyance  of  goods.  The 
pincipal  towns  are  connected  by  railways. 

ifo  country  in  the  world  has  within  so  small  a  compass 
B'^reat  a  variety  of  inhabitants.  These  comprise  14  dis- 
tfit  races,  of  which  the  principal  are  Hungarians,  Szeklers, 
al  Saxons;  others  are  Wallachians,  German  colonists, 
llgarians,  Armenians,  Greeks,  Russians,  Poles,  Jews, 
Gpsios,  and  Moravians.  Arranged  according  to  the  forms 
oleligion  which  they  profess,  there  are  Non-united  Greeks, 
Itted  Greeks,  Calvinists,  Lutherans,  and  Unitarians.  The 
pisantry  generally,  especially  those  of  the  Greek  church, 
a  more  depi-essed  and  ignorant  than  those  of  Hungary, 
efept  in  the  Saxonland  in  the  S.  The  old  constitution 
olTransylvania,  aiming  at  the  preservation  of  the  ancient 
cttoms  and  rights  of  the  principal  races  of  the  people,  had 
aieculiarly  complicated  character.  The  chief  old  terri- 
t^al  division  was  into  the  land  of  the  Hungarians,  the 
iJd  of  ihe  Szeklers,  and  the  land  of  the  Saxons ;  but  since 
1(6  the  whole  country  has  been  divided  into  counties  on 
t!  Hungarian  model. 

Transylvania  was  known  to  the  Romans  under  the  name 
olDacia  Connularis  Mediterranea,  and  was  conquered  by 
lifjan,  who  established  a  colony  in  it.  Its  name  of  Tran- 
s^ania  is  from  the  Latin  words  trana  gylvaa,  and  was 
plbably  given  it  by  the  people  who  lived  beyond  its  AV. 
fjntiers,  and  to  whom  it  was  rendered  almost  inaccessible 
b[denso  forests.  Its  German  name  of  Sicbcnbiirgen,  or 
Ei'en  Towns,  is  derived  from  its  seven  walled  towns,  which 
B>  supposed  to  have  been  originally  built,  and  are  still 
cjefly  occupied,  by  Saxons.  The  Hungarian  name  Erdely 
i^i  derivative  of  and  is  equivalent  to  Woodland.  After 
it  fall  of  the  Roman  Empire  the  country  was  occuj)ied 
sjcessively  by  Goths,  Huns,  Alans,  Slaves,  Avars,  and 
llngarians.  The  last  long  retained  possession  of  it  and 
gprned  it.  It  has  formed  part  of  the  Austrian  dominions 
s^ce  1699,  and,  from  its  proximity  to  Turkey  and  internal 
djBonsions,  its  tranquillity  has  been  repeatedly  disturbed, 
l|;  it  has  made  considerable  advances  in  population,  civil- 
ijtion,  and  general  prosperity.  The  country  in  1848  and 
119  was  the  seat  of  protracted  warfare.     Pop.  in   1870, 

i)01,727;  in  1880,  2,084,048. Adj.  and  inhab.  Tran- 

fj^ANiAN,  tran-sil-vi'ne-an.     See  Hu.ngauy. 

I'ransylvania,  tran-sil-va'ne-§,,  a  county  in  the  W. 
jrt  of  North  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  260  square 
ijes.  It  is  drained  by  the  French  Broad  River.  The 
Bjface  is  mountainous,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests  of 
t!i  oak,  chestnut,  hickory,  and  other  trees.  The  southern 
jrt  of  thio  county  is  adjacent  to  the  Blue  Ridge.  Maize, 
»ss,  pork,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  Capital, 
Ibvard.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $751,956. 
to.  in  1870,  .3536;  in  1880,  5340. 

irransylvania,  a  landing  of  East  Carroll  parish,  La., 
qthe  Mississippi  River,  40  miles  above  Vicksburg. 
uTran'ter's  Creek,  North  Carolina,  runs  nearly  soutb- 
wd  in   Pitt  CO.,  and  enters  the  Tar  River  about  3  miles 
&ve  Washington. 

jTrapani,  tri'pi-ne  (ano.  Drep'anum  ;  Or.  ^pivavov),  a 
fltified  seaport  town  of  Sicily,  on  the  W.  side  of  the  island, 
Ifmiles  W.  of  Palermo.  Lat.  38°  2'  N. ;  Ion.  12°  31'  E. 
\  has  a  castle,  senatorial  palace,  cathedral,  and  several 
(uvents,  2  hospitals,  a  college,  and  2  seminaries.  The 
wbor  is  good,  and  defended  by  2  forts,  one  on  the  main- 
lid  and  another  on  the  island  of  Columbara,  on  which  also 
(ight-house  has  been  erected.  The  trade  is  considerable, 
'e  exports  comprise  salt,  coral,  soda,  alabaster  vases, 
i|tues,  and  gems.  The  principal  manufactures  are  shell- 
1  rk,  and  articles  in  coral,  ivory,  and  alabaster.  The  tunny- 
ftiery  is  actively  carried  on.     Trapani,  being  the  capi- 


tal of  the  province,  is  the  residence  of  its  chief  authorities, 
and  the  scat  of  a  high  criminal  and  civil  court.  A  short 
distance  E.N.E.  of  the  town  is  Monte  San  Giuliano,  the 
ancient  Eryx,  one  of  the  loftiest  in  Sicily.  Pop.  32,020. 
The  ancient  town  was  early  occupied  by  the  Carthaginian«, 
and  was  the  scene  of  a  celebrated  sca-fight  (b.c.  237)  be- 
tween the  Rowan  and  Carthaginian  fleets.  The  name  Dro 
panum  signifies  a  "  sickle,"  and  was  given  in  allusion  to  the 
shape  of  the  tongue  of  land  on  which  the  town  is  built. 

Trapaiio,  Roumelia.    SeeCAi'ii  Drbpa.vo. 

Trapczus,  or  Trapezunt.    See  TiiEBizoxn. 

Trap  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C.,  in  Tr*^ 
Hill  township,  50  miles  N.  of  Statesville.  It  has  a  church 
and  an  academy.     Pop.  of  the  township,  in  1880,  1653. 

Trap  Hill,  a  hamlet  of  Raleigh  co.,  W.  Va.,  24  miles 
W.  of  Quinnimont.  It  hivs  a  church.  Here  is  Coal  River 
Marshes  Post-Offico. 

Trapp,  a  post-oflice  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va. 

Trapp,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marathon  oo.,  Wig.,  9  miles  W. 
of  Wausau.     It  has  a  large  saw-miil. 

Trappe,  trap,  a  post-village  of  Talbot  co.,  Md.,  8  or  9 
miles  S.  of  Easton,  and  about  8  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Cam- 
bridge.    It  has  4  churches  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  272. 

Trappe,  a  post-village  in  Upper  Providence  township, 
Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Norristown,  and 
about  2  miles  from  Collegeville  Station.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  collegiate  institute,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Trap'pcr's  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Dawson  co..  Neb. 

Trarbach,  trau'b&K,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  3S 
miles  S.W.  of  Coblentz,  on  the  Moselle.     Pop.  1794. 

Trasen,  trd'z^n,  a  river  of  Lower  Austria,  descends 
from  the  N.  slope  of  the  Trasenberg,  near  the  frontiers  of 
Styria,  and  joins  the  Danube  after  a  very  circuitous  course 
of  nearly  55  miles. 

Trasenhofeu,  Austria.    See  Drasenhofen. 

Trasimenus  Lacus,  or  Trasimeno  Lago.  See 
Lake  op  Perugia. 

Trask,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Missis- 
sine  wa  River. 

Trask'ville,  a  village  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  in  the 
city  of  Fitchburg. 

Trask'wood,  a  post-village  of  Saline  co..  Ark.,  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  31  miles 
S.AV.  of  Little  Rock.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  saw-mill. 

Tras  "  OS  -  31ontes,  tris-oce-mon't^s  ("beyond  the 
mountains"),  a  province  of  Portugal,  in  the  N.,  having  N 
and  E.  Spain,  S.  the  province  of  Beira,  and  W.  Minho. 
Area,  4289  square  miles.  Pop.  374,837.  The  Douro  form? 
all  its  S.  and  most  of  its  E.  border;  the  other  principal 
rivers  are  its  affluents  the  Tamega  and  Sabor.  Surface 
mostly  mountainous,  but  it  contains  many  fertile  valleys, 
and  the  banks  of  the  Douro  are  famous  for  the  production 
of  port  wines.  Cattle-rearing  is  important.  Silk  and  wool- 
len fabrics,  and  linen  thread,  are  the  chief  manufactured 
Products.  Principal  towns,  Bragan^a,  Villareal,  Torre  de 
loncorvo,  and  Miranda-do-Douro. 

Trassilico,  tris-soo'le-ko  (L.  Trans  Silicum),  a  town 
of  Italy,  near  Massa,  in  Massa  e  Carrara.     Pop.  2292. 

Trail,  trow  (anc.  Tragn'rium),  a  seaport  town  of  Dal- 
matia,  10  miles  W.  of  Spalato,  on  an  islet  in  the  Adriatic, 
between  the  island  of  Bua  and  the  mainland,  and  con- 
nected with  both  by  bridges.  Pop.  4650,  who  cultivate  the 
vine,  olives,  and  figs. 

Traun,  trown,  a  river  of  Upper  Austria,  after  a  N.AV. 
course  of  100  miles,  joins  the  Danube  4  miles  S.E.  of  Lintz. 
It  flows  through  the  small  lakes  of  Hallstadt  and  Traun. 
It  is  celebrated  for  its  trout.  The  lake  of  Traun,  or  Gm  Un- 
DEX  See,  g'miind'^n  si,  an  expansion  of  the  river  Traun, 
is  8  miles  long  and  2  miles  broad. 

Traunstein,  trown'stlne,  a  town  of  Upper  Bavaria,  19 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Salzburg.     Pop.  3972. 

Traunsteinberg,  trown-stin'b6uG\  a  mountain  in 
Austria,  on  the  E.  side  of  Lake  Traun,  is  5470  feet  high. 

Trautenau,  trow't§h-now\  written  also  Trutuow, 
a  town  of  Bohemia,  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Koniggratz,  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Aupa.  Pop.  8297.  It  is  the  centre  of 
the  linen-manufacture  of  the  Riesen-Gebirge. 

Travagliato,  trl-vil-y4'to,  a  village  of  Northern 
Italy,  province  and  W.S.W.  of  Brescia.     Pop.  3002. 

Travancore,  trav^an-kor',  a  state  at  the  S.  extremity 
of  India,  tributary  to  the  British,  having  W.  and  S.  the 
Indian  Ocean,  and  landward  the  Madras  districts,  Malabar, 
Coimbatoor,  Madura,  and  TinnevoUy.  Area,  6730  square 
miles.  Surface  mouncainous  in  the  E. ;  elsewhere  varied 
with  hill  and  dale,  and  well  watered.  The  products  coni- 
price  rice,  almonds,  cardamoms,  pepper,  and  other  spices, 
betel-  and  cocoa-nuts,  tobacoo,  ivory,  and  beeswax      Prop- 


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2644 


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•rty  of  nil  kindR,  as  in  Ctinarn,  doseonds  in  the  female  line. 
The  inhabitants  are  mostly  Hindoos,  but  there  are  ostiinated 
to  be  100,000  Syrian  Christians,  and  in  some  communes 
Christian  churches  are  much  more  numerous  than  pagodas 
and  mosques.  Principal  towns,  Trivandrum  (the  capital), 
Anjongii,  and  Quilon.     Pop.  2,311,379. 

Travnncoref  a  town  of  the  above  state,  60  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Cape  Comorin,  but  now  in  decay. 

Travc,  tri'v^h  (ano.  Ghnliuut .'),  a  river  of  North  Ocr- 
niiiny,  in  Prussia  and  Lubeck,  flows  K.,  and  enters  the  Qulf 
of  Lubeck  (Daltic)  at  Travemlinde,  forming  the  lagoon  Bin- 
ncn-See.    Total  course,  50  miles. 

Trav'eller's  lle'pose',  a  post-hamlet  of  Pocahontas 
CO.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Oroenbrior  Rivor. 

Traveller's  llest,  a  post-offloe  of  Coosa  co.,  Ala., 
about  44  miles  N.  of  Montgomery. 

Traveller's  Rest,  a  post-hamlet  of  Owsley  co.,  Ky.,  8 
miles  S.W.  of  Boonville. 

Traveller's  Rest,  a  post-hamlct  of  Greenville  co., 
S.C,  10  miles  N.  of  Greenville  Court-House. 

Travemiinde,  tri'v^h-miinM^h  (t.e.,  "Travemouth"), 
a  fortified  town  of  North  Germany,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Trave  in  the  Baltic  Sea,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Lubeck.    Pop.  1719. 

Travers,  triVain',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  13  miles 
W.S.W.  of  NeufchMel.  Pop.  1881,  The  Val-Travers,  in 
which  it  stands,  is  highly  picturesque. 

Traverse,  trav'^rss,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Minne- 
sota, bordering  on  Dakota,  has  an  area  of  about  570  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Lake  Traverse  and  the 
river  Bois  de  Sioux,  and  is  traversed  by  the  Mustinka 
River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Timber  is  scarce  hero.  The  St.  Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad 
touches  the  N.E.  corner  of  this  county.  Valuation  of  real 
and  personal  estate,  $16,870.     P.  in  1870, 13;  in  1880, 1507. 

Traverse,  a  township  of  Grand  Traverse  co.,  Mich. 
Pop.  in  1880,  2679. 

Traverse,  a  township  of  Nicollet  co.,  Minn.   Pop.  570. 

Traverse  Bay.    See  Grand  Traverse  Bay. 

Traverse  City,  a  summer  resort  and  the  capital  of 
Grand  Traverse  co.,  Mich.,  is  situated  in  Traverse  township, 
nt  the  S.  end  and  head  of  the  W.  arm  of  Grand  Traverse 
Bay,  144  miles  N.  of  Grand  Rapids,  and  about.  45  miles 
N.E.  of  Manistee.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  and  is  the  N. 
terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Rail- 
road. It  contains  2  newspaper  oflices,  a  union  school,  5 
churches,  a  foundry,  2  large  saw-milla,  a  flouring-mill,  and 
a  planing-mill.  Lumber  is  its  chief  article  of  export. 
Steamboats  ply  between  this  port  and  the  ports  on  Lake 
Michigan. 

Traverse  Isles,  several  small  islets  in  the  river  Ot- 
tawa, between  Black  Bay  and  Plantagenet. 

Traverse,  Lake,  forms  part  of  the  boundary  between 
Dakota  and  Minnesota.  It  washes  the  W.  border  of  Traverse 
CO.,  Minn.,  and  is  about  20  miles  long  and  3  miles  wide.  Its 
outlet  is  the  Sioux  Wood  (or  Bois  do  Sioux)  River,  which 
issues  from  the  N.  end  of  the  lake.  The  surface  of  this  lake 
is  about  960  feet  higher  than  the  sea. 

Traverse,  Lake,  Minnesota,  an  expansion  of  the 
Mississippi  River,  about  12  miles  long  and  4  miles  wide,  10 
miles  W.  of  Lake  Cass.  Its  surface  is  1456  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  sea.     It  is  also  called  Pemidji  Lake. 

Traverse  Road,  a  station  in  Newaygo  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Chicago  &  Michigan  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  11  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Big  Rapids. 

Trav'is,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
area  of  about  1000  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Colorado  River,  which  runs  southeastward,  and  is  also 
drained  by  Union  Creek.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly,  and 
is  diversified  with  prairies  and  woodlands.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile. Cotton,  cattle,  Indian  corn,  pork,  and  sweet  potatoes 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  partly  intersected 
by  the  International  <fc  Great  Northern  Railroad,  and  is 
connected  with  Houston  by  the  Western  division  of  the 
Houston  &  Texas  Central  Railroad.  Capital,  Austin,  which 
is  also  the  capital  of  the  state.  Valuation  of  real  and  per- 
gonal estate,  $5,281,350.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,153,  of  whom 
11,821  were  Americans;  in  1880,  27,028. 

Travis,  a  hamlet  in  Harrison  township,  Wells  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Fort  Wayne,  Muncie  &  Cincinnati  Railroad.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Travis,  Michigan,  is  a  station  on  the  Grand  Rapids  & 
Indiana  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Kalamazoo. 

Travis,  a  post-hamlet  of  Austin  co.,  Tex.,  about  10 
miles  S.  of  Brenham.     It  has  4  churches. 

Travis  Peak,  a  post-oflSce  of  Travis  co.,  Tex. 

Trav'isville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fentress  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
Wolf  River,  14  miles  N.  of  Jamestown. 


Serai.  Pop, 
The  town  is 
a  manufacture  of  sword-bladca 


Travnik,  trlv'nik'  or  triv'neek',  a  town  of  Boinik.  i 

1  affluent  of  the  Bosna  River,  45  miles  N.W.  of  Bo»m 
12,000,  all  Mohammedans,  except  a  few  Jew 
ill  built.  Chief  edifice,  an  old  citadeU  It  hi 
re  of  sword-bladca. 

Traylorsville,  trU'l^rz-vIl,  a  post-office  or  bamletc 
Henry  co.,  Va.,  40  miles  W.  of  Danville. 

Trazcgnies,  tri'idn'yce',  a  village  of  Belgium,  nn\ 
inco  of  Hainaut,  191  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Mons.  The  cnM' 
of  Trazcgnies,  in  the  vicinity,  is  a  noble  structure  of  Ui 
ninth  century.     Pop.  2010. 

Treadha'ven  Creek,  in  the  E.  part  of  MttryUm 
flows  through  Talbot  co.,  and  communicates  with  the  inoul 
or  estuary  of  the  Choptank  River.  It  is  navigable  it  hit 
tide  to  Easton,  about  12  miles. 

Treadwell,  tr6d'w?l,  a  post-village  in  Prwcott  oo 
Ontario,  on  the  rivor  Ottawa,  15  miles  W.  of  L'Origni\l 

Treasure  (trJzh'ar)  City,  a  mining  villngo  of  Whil 
Pine  CO.,  Nev..  about  3  miles  S.E.  of  Hamilton,  nntl  n«i 
the  summit  of  Treasure  Hill,  at  an  elevation  of  about  ttilO 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.    Here  is  a  rich  silver-mini 

Treasury  Mountain,  Colorado,  a  mountain  of  th 
Elk  Range,  in  lat.  39°  1'  N.,  Ion.  107°  6'  W.  Its  altitud 
is  13,200  feet  above  the  sea-level.     Silver  is  found  here. 

Treaty,  treet'§,  a  post-village  of  Wabash  co.,  Ind.,  j 
Liberty  township,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Wabash  A  Michi<^ 
Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Wabash.  It  has  a  store,  a  saw-mil 
and  a  warehouse. 

Treaty  (or  Petty's)  Island,  an  island  in  the  Dels 
ware  River,  opposite  Philadelphia,  belonging  to  New  Jer 
sey.     Length,  about  2  miles. 

Trebbin,  trfib-been',  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Bmnden 
bnrg,  15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Potsdam,  on  the  Berlin  i  Leipti 
Railway.     Pop.  2175. 

Trebein's,  tre-binz',  a  post-oflBce  of  Ql-eene  co.,  0. 

Trfebes,  trSb  or  trib,  a  town  of  France,  in  Aude,  J 
miles  E.  of  Carcassonne,  on  the  river  Audo.     Pop.  14«(). 

Trebia,  tri'be-A,  or  Trebbia,  trSb'bi-l,  a  river  ol 
North  Italy,  rises  on  the  N.  side  of  the  Apennines,  lOiiiilf 
N.E.  of  Genoa,  flows  N.N.E.  past  Bobbio,  and,  after  n  ' 
course  of  55  miles,  joins  the  Po  on  the  right  bank,  ':, 
N.W.  of  Piacenza.     On  the  adjacent  plain,  llannilj  i. 
feated  the  Romans  B.C.  218,  and  on  June  19,  1799,  tbi 
French,  under  M.acdonald,  were  defeated  by  the  Austro^ 
Russian  army  under  Suwarow. 

Trebigne,  trd-been'yi,  or  Trebinje,  tri-bin'yi,  f 
fortified  town  of  Herzegovina,  52  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mostat^ 
It  is  the  see  of  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop,  and  slated  to  h»vt 
10,000  inhabitants. 

Trebitsch,  tri'bitch,  written  also  Trzebiczkc,  t 
walled  town  of  Moravia,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Iglau,  on  tb( 
Iglawa.  Pop.  6084.  It  has  a  castle,  and  manufacturcj  ol 
woollens. 

Trebitsch,  a  village  of  Prussia,  province  of  Brandea. 
burg,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Driesen. 

Trebizond,  tr5b'e-zond\  written  also  Tarabozan 
(called  by  the  Turks  Tarabesoon,  ta-ri*be-soon' ;  anc.  Tmp'e- 
ziis;Ft.  Trebizonde,  trA*bee'z6Nd' ;  Gar.  Trnpeznni,  tri- 
pfit-sSont'),  an  important  fortified  seaport  city  of  Asiatic 
Turkey,  capital  of  a  vilayet  of  its  own  name,  on  theS.E.  coa»l 
of  the  Black  Sea,  120  miles  N.AV.  of  Erzroora.  Lat.  41"  1'! 
N. ;  Ion.  39°  46'  E.  It  stands  on  the  slope  of  a  hill  facing 
the  sea,  and  defended  by  a  citadel  on  an  adjacent  height.! 
Outside  of  the  walls  are  several  suburbs,  in  which  are  most 
of  the  Christian  dwellings,  with  the  principal  bazaars  snd 
khans.  The  houses  are  mostly  of  one  story,  built  of  stone^ 
and  lime  and  roofed  with  red  tiles.  The  city  has  18  mosquej 
and  about  20  Greek  churches,  and  a  fort  on  either  side  of  » 
peninsula  projecting  into  the  Black  Sea ;  but  it  possesses 
neither  inns  nor  lodging-houses.  Nearly  all  its  mosques 
have  been  formerly  Christian  pl.aces  of  worship. 

The  principal  articles  of  trade  in  the  bazaars  are  slum i 
and  copper,  brought  from  the  mines  in  the  interior,  the  cop- 
per being  here  manufactured  into  articles  for  domestic  pur- 
poses. From  its  position,  Trebizond  is  the  natural  entrepot 
of  the  trade  of  Armenia  and  North  Persia  with  Europe; 
and,  owing  to  the  establishment  of  steam  navigation  be- 
tween Trebizond  and  Constantinople,  its  trade  has  received 
a  remarkable  extension.  Its  exports  consist  chiefly  of  silk, 
wool,  tobacco,  wax,  galls,  oil,  opium,  and  other  drugs; 
honey,  butter,  timber  for  ship-building,  the  produce  of  Asia 
Minor,  and  silk  fabrics ;  Cashmere  shawls,  carpets,  saffron, 
cotton,  camel-skins,  and  specie.  The  imports  comprise  «)t- 
ton  goods,  colonial  produce,  spices,  and  iron  from  treat 
Britain,  hardwares  and  glass  from  Germany,  wines  from 
France,  corn  from  Russia,  fire-arms,  tin,  and  salt,  three- 
fourths  of  all  which  are  destined  for  Persia.    At  tbu  citf 


TRE 


2645 


TRE 


X  lophon  and  the  Ten  Thousand  Greeks  reached  the  sea 
li  heir  memorable  retreat.  From  12().'3  until  the  sub- 
Ti  ion  of  the  Eastern  Empire,  Trcbizond  was  the  capital 
ol  n  independent  dominion,  extending;  from  the  I'hasis  to 
tUIalys.  Pop.  estimated  at  40,000,  of  whom  about  30,000 
at  Mohammedans  inhabiting  the  walled  city. 

^rebizond,  or  Trebisond,-a  vilayet  of  Turkish 
jl  lenia,  extending  along  the  cosxst  of  the  Black  Sea,  be- 
tvsn  lat.  40°  30'  and  41°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  38°  and  42°  E. 
T!  surface  is  mostly  mountainous,  and  the  coast-line, 
ol  led  with  dense  forests,  rises  to  from  4000  to  5000  feet 
al'e  the  sea.  Many  tracts  are  highly  fertile  and  well  cul- 
ti  ted  ;  and  it  produces  large  quantities  of  wheat,  barley, 
ar  maize,  with  hemp,  flax,  tobacco,  wool,  honey,  wax, 
fr  '^,  charcoal,  and  timber,  which,  with  some  linen  cloths, 
on  ets,  leather,  soap,  salted  fish,  wine,  tar,  and  leeches, 
fo  1  the  chief  exports.  Its  E.  part,  called  Lazistan,  is 
d«  itute  of  towns,  being  inhabited  by  Laze>',  a  rude  people, 
ni  bering  about  50,000  ;  but  the  greater  part  of  Lazistan 
is  )W  included  in  the  Russian  government  of  Kars.  The 
pr  eipal  towns  are  Trebizond,  Keresoon,  Tireboli,  and 
K'  lah,  all  on  its  coast. 

rebnitz,  trSb'nits,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  15 
m  s  N.N.E.  of  Breslau.  Pop.  4744,  It  has  manufactures 
of  oollen  cloths  and  linens,  breweries,  and  a  trade  in  fruits. 

rebowa,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  TrUbau. 

rebujena,  or  Trebuxena,  tri-boo-ni'nl,  a  village 
of  pain,  in  Andalusia,  province  and  26  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Ca  z.    Pop.  3078. 

rebnr,  tri-boon'  (?),  or  Tribur,  tree-booR'  (?)  (anc. 
T)  urium),  a  town  of  Hesse,  province  of  Starkenburg,  on 
th  Rhine,  12  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Darmstadt.     Pop.  1774. 

re-Castagne,  tri-kis-tln'yi,  a  town  of  Sicily,  8 
mis  N.N.E.  of  Catania,  on  the  S.  slope  of  Mount  Etna. 
P(  2957. 

recate,  tri-ki'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  6  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Niira,  near  the  Ticino.    It  has  silk-factories.    Pop.  5190. 

recchina,  trJk-kee'nd,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basilicata, 
7  :  les  S.  of  Lagonegro. 

receuta,  tri-chen'tl,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
R<|fgo,  and  15  miles  W.S.W,  of  Rovigo.     Pop.  4710. 

red'egar,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Monmouth,  16 
mis  N.W.  of  Newport;  it  is  the  capital  of  a  populous  dis- 
tri,  famous  for  extensive  coal-mines  and  iron- works.  It 
ha  risen  recently  from  an  insignificant  hamlet  to  a  town 
wi  a  population  of  12,389.  It  has  a  church,  Independent, 
Bt:ist,  and  Methodist  chapels  and  schools,  and  its  district 
is  iversed  by  many  branches  of  railway,  by  which,  and  by 
th  Monmouthshire  Canal,  its  iron  and  coal  are  exported. 

p"edyrfrin,  a  township  of  Chester  co..  Pa.  Pop.  1897. 

reene,  tri'n^h,  a  river  of  Prussia,  rises  in  Sleswick, 
3  lies  S.  of  Flensburg,  flows  S.S.W.,  and  joins  the  Eider 
at  riedrichstadt.     Total  course,  about  40  miles. 

rees  Point,  a  post-oflSce  of  Charles  City  oo.,  Va.,  on 
th|Potomae,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Charles  City  Court-IIouse. 

reffurt,  tr^ffOoRt,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  36 
mis  W.N.W.  of  Erfurt,  on  the  Unstrut.     Pop.  1S65. 

p-ef-y-Clawdd,  a  town  of  Wales.    See  Knighto.v. 

rega'ron,  a  town  of  Wales,  co,  of  Cardigan,  10  miles 
Ni  of  Lampeter.     Pop.  1788. 

re'go,  a  county  in  the  AV.  central  part  of  Kansas, 
ha  in  area  of  900  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Saie  and  Smoky  Hill  Rivers  and  Big  Creek,  all  of  which 
ru  eastward.  The  Saline  River  touches  the  N.W.  and 
N.  corners  of  the  county,  and  between  these  points  is 
on  2  or  3  miles  from  the  N.  boundary.  The  surface  is 
unilating  or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  under- 
laiby  chalk  and  limestone.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
thiCansas  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Wa  Keeney.  Pop. 
in  570,  166  ;  in  1880,  2535. 

nrego,  a  station  of  Trego  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Kansas 
Papo  Riiilroad,  33  miles  W.N.W.  of  Hays  City. 

reg'oney,  or  Treg'ony,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Co  wall,  on  the  F.al,  1 1  miles  N.E.  of  Falmouth.  Pop.  745. 

r6guier,  tri"ghe-4',  a  town  of  France,  in  C6tes-du- 
N<|,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Jaudy  and  Guindy,  37  miles 
N.l.  of  Saint-Brieuc,  and  5  miles  from  the  English  Chan- 
Pop.  3611.     The  port  is  well  sheltered  and  deep.     It 

anneries  and  oil-mills. 

eichler,  trik'lijr,  a  station  on  the  Lehigh  &  Sasque- 
a  Railroad,  27  miles  W.  of  Easton,  Pa. 
eichlersville,  trik'l?rz-vll,  a  village  in  Hereford 
to'lship,  Berks  co..  Pa.,  2  miles  from  Palm  Station.     It 
hap  flour-mills  and  2  saw-mills. 

jreider-Aa,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Aa. 

.reignac,  trin'yik',  a  town  of  France,  in  CorrSze,  on 
th.j»'6z6re,  18  miles  N.  of  Tulle.     Pop.  1772. 


Trcis,  trice,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  18  miles  S.W. 
of  Coblentz,  on  the  Moselle,  here  joined  by  the  Deim. 

Treisa,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Tueysa. 

Treisain,  tri'sim,  a  river  of  Baden,  after  a  N.W, 
course  of  30  miles,  joins  the  Eltz  3  miles  S.of  Kenzingen. 

Treishnish  (treesh'nish)  Islands,  a  cluster  of  small 
islets  on  the  W,  coast  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Argyle,  between 
the  island  of  Mull  and  the  island  of  Coll. 

Treja,  tri'yi,  a  town  of  Central  Italy,  8  miles  W.  of 
Macerata.     Pop.  2227  ;  of  commune,  9286. 

Trelawny,  England.    See  Look. 

Tr6lon,  trd"l6N»',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  8  milea 
S.E.  of  Avesnes.     Pop.  2718. 

Tremad'oc,  a  town  of  Wales,  co.  of  Carnarvon,  near 
the  N.  extremity  of  Cardigan  Bay,  4  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Crickeith,  and  about  1  mile  from  Portmadoc. 

Trcmaine's  (tre-milnz')  Cor'ners,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Je8"erson  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Rodman  township,  7  miles  froin 
Adams  Centre. 

Tremainsville,  tre-manz'vil,  a  station  in  Lucas  co., 
0.,  on  the  Canada  Southern  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Toledo. 

Tremblade,  La,  li  tr6M'blid',  a  town  of  France,  de- 
partment of  Charente-Inferieure,  5  miles  from  the  sea,  and 
4  miles  S.S.W.  of  Marennes.  It  exports  oysters  to  Bor- 
deaux.    Pop.  2568. 

Trembowla,  trfim-bov'll,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia, 
18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Tarnopol.     Pop.  5506. 

Treniecen,  a  town  of  Algiers.    See  Tlemcen, 

Trementiues,  tri'm5N'"Heen',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Maine-et-Loiro,  on  the  Evre,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Beaupreau. 

Tremessen,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Trschemesno. 

Tremiti  (tr4m'e-te  or  tri'me-te)  Isles  (anc.  JJiome'- 
dese  In'sidse),  a  group  of  five  islands  in  the  Adriatic  Sea, 
off'  the  coast  of  Italy,  province  of  Foggia.  Lat.  42°  8'  N.; 
Ion,  15°  30'  E,  The  largest,  San  Domino,  is  4  miles  in 
circumference.  San  Nicolo,  3  miles  in  circumference,  has 
a  town  with  a  monastery.  The  best  port  is  in  the  island 
of  Caprara, 

Tremles,  trem'Iis,  written  also  Tremlitz  and  Stri- 
milow,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Bohemia,  29  miles  S.E.  of 
Tabor.     Pop.  2630. 

Tremley,  trem'le,  a  station  of  the  Central  Railroad  of 
New  Jersey  (New  York  &  Long  Branch  division),  4  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Elizabethport,  N.J. 

Tremlingen,a  village  of  Switzerland.  SeeTRAMELAN. 

Trcmonia,  a  Latin  name  of  Dortmund. 

Tre'mont',  a  station  in  Cook  co.,  III.,  on  the  Pittsburg, 
Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Chicago. 

Tremont,  a  post-village  of  Tazewell  co..  111.,  in  Tre- 
mont  township,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  &  Western 
Railroad,  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pekin,  and  about  14  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Peoria.    It  has  5  churches.    Pop.  437  ;  of  township,  1365. 

Tremont,  a  post-village  in  Tremont  township,  Han- 
cock CO.,  Me.,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean  and  the  S.  coast  ol 
Mount  Desert  Island,  about  25  miles  E.S.E.  of  Castine. 
Tremont  Post-Office  is  at  Bass  Harbor.  The  township  pre- 
sents picturesque  scenery.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1822. 

Tremont,  a  village  in  AVareham  township,  Plymouth 
CO.,  Mass.,  and  a  station  on  the  Cape  Cod  Railroad,  at  its 
junction  with  the  Fairhaven  Branch,  16  miles  N.E.  of  New 
Bedford.  It  has  a  nail-factory.  Here  is  AVest  AVareham 
Post-Ofiice. 

Tremont,  a  post-office  of  Itawamba  co..  Miss.,  12  miles 
E.  of  Fulton. 

Tremont,  a  township  of  Buchanan  co..  Mo.    Pop.  1106. 

Tremont,  a  post-village  of  New  York  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
New  \''ork  &  Harlem  Railroad,  about  10  miles  N.N.E.  of 
the  City  Hall  at  New  I'ork,  and  1  mile  S.of  Fordham.  It 
contains  numerous  fine  residences.  Pop.  2025.  Tremont 
Post-Office  is  a  branch  of  New  York  Post-Ofiice. 

Tremont,  a  post-village  in  German  township,  Clark 
CO.,  0.,  1  mile  AV.  of  Tremont  Station,  and  7  miles  N.  of 
Springfield.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a 
flour-mill.     Pop.  218.     Hero  is  Tremont  City  Post-Office. 

Tremont,  a  station  of  the  Cincinnati,  Sandusky  A 
Cleveland  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Springfield,  0. 

Tremont,  a  post-borough  in  Tremont  township,  Schuyl- 
kill CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Lebanon  &  Tremont  Branch  of  the 
Reading  Railroad,  and  on  the  Mount  Eagle  Branch  Rail- 
road, 31  miles  N.  of  Lebanon,  and  about  14  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Pottsville.  It  is  situated  in  a  hilly  region,  which  con- 
tains abundance  of  anthracite  coal.  It  has  a  newspaper 
office,  a  national  bank,  6  churches,  and  some  iron-wa'-ka 
Pop.  in  1880,  1785;  of  the  township,  1001, 

Tremont,  a  post-office  of  Cheatham  co.,  Tenn, 

Tremont,  Jackson  co.,  AVis.    See  Hatfield. 

Tremont,  Kings  co.,  Nova  Scotia,   See  Canaan  RoAn 


T 


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Trcmont  Valley,  a  post-offloe  of  Calavoras  oo.,  Cal., 
9  milea  from  Miltun. 

Trcmp,  trdinp,  a  fortiflod  town  of  Spain,  in  Cntalonin, 

frovinoe  and  3S  miles  N.W.  of  Lerida,  on  the  Noguera- 
allRrem.     Pop.  2t89. 

Trcmpealenn,  tr6m'p^-l8,  a  small  river  of  Wiscon- 
fln,  rises  in  Jackson  co.,  and  runs  westward  throngh  Trem- 
pealeau CO.  It  next  runs  soutliward,  and  enters  the  Missis- 
sippi River  about  6  miles  below  Winona.  It  is  here  bordered 
by  picturesque  scenery  and  bluffs  about  550  feet  high. 

Trempealeau,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Wisconsin, 
borders  on  Minnesota.  Area,  about  700  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Black  River,  on  the  S.W.  by 
the  Mississippi,  and  is  drained  by  the  Trempealeau  River 
and  Buffalo  and  Beaver  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating, and  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  hay,  Indian  corn,  and  butter  are  the 
staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Green  Bay  <fc  Min- 
nesota Railroad  and  the  La  Crosse,  Trempealeau  <t  Prescott 
Railroad,  a  branch  of  the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad. 
Capital,  Galesville.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate, 
$3,660,594.     Pop.  in  1870,  10,732;  in  1880,  17,1 8». 

Trempealean,  a  post-village  of  Trempealeau  co., 
Wis.,  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  on  the  Missis- 
sippi River,  on  the  Minnesota  division  of  the  Chicago  <t 
Northwestern  Railroad,  and  on  the  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  13  miles  E.S.E.  of  Winona,  about  20  miles  above 
La  Crosse,  and  38  miles  W.  of  Sparta.  It  is  the  principal 
market  for  the  products  of  the  county,  which  are  shipped 
here  in  steamboats.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
graded  8chool,alnmber-mill,aplough-factory,apublic  park, 
a  brewery,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  615;  of  the  township,  1567. 

Trenchara  (trfin-chi'ri,  or  Trinchera,  trin-chi'ri) 
Peak,  a  mountain  of  the  Sangre  do  Cristo  Range,  in  the 
S.  part  of  Colorado,  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Fort  Garland, 
and  near  Int.  37°  IS'  N.     Altitude,  13,546  feet. 

Trenchara  (or  Trinchera)  River,  Colorado, 
rises  in  the  Rocky  Mountains,  runs  nearly  southwestward 
through  Costilla  co.,  and  enters  the  Rio  Grande  in  San  Luis 
Park.     It  is  perhaps  75  miles  long. 

Trenholm,  tren'hSm,  a  post-village  in  Drummond  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  river  St.  Francis,  5  miles  N.  of  Richmond. 
It  h.Ts  2  saw-mills,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill.    P.  150. 

Trent,  a  river  of  England,  through  the  centre  of  which 
it  flows,  ranking  in  importance  immediately  after  the 
Thames  and  Severn.  It  rises  in  the  moorlands  of  Stafford- 
shire, near  Burslem,  flows  through  the  cos.  of  Stafford, 
Derby,  Nottingham,  and  Lincoln,  and  joins  the  Ouse  to 
form  the  Humber  about  15  miles  W.  of  Hull.  Length, 
140  miles.  It  is  navigable  from  the  llumber  to  Gains- 
borough for  vessels  of  200  tons'  burden,  and  for  barges  as 
high  as  Burton.  It  is  connected  with  all  the  rivers  of  Cen- 
tral England  by  canals,  the  principal  of  which  is  the  Trent 
&  Mersey  Canal.  The  Trent  is  of  high  Importance  as  a 
means  of  exporting  the  products  of  the  manufacturing  dis- 
tricts, coal  from  Derbyshire,  and  agricultural  produce. 

Trent  (It.  Tren'to ,-  Ger.  Tnent,  tre-5nt' ;  Fr.  Trente, 
trfi.Nt;  anc.  Triden'tum),  a  city  of  Austria,  in  th«  Tyrol,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Adige,  13  miles  by  rail  N.N.E.  of 
Roveredo.  Lat.  46°  8'  N. ;  Ion.  15°  30'  E.  Pop.  17,073. 
It  has  manufactures  of  silks,  leather,  glass,  and  tobacco,  a 
traffic  in  corn,  wine,  iron,  and  other  produce,  and  a  large 
transit  trade.  It  is  surrounded  by  embattled  walls,  which, 
with  its  church-towers,  palaces,  and  ruined  castle,  give  it, 
when  seen  from  a  distance,  a  very  imposing  appearance. 
The  houses  are  all  in  the  Italian  style,  and  the  streets  are 
for  the  most  part  wide  and  commodious.  It  is  traversed 
by  canals,  and  contains  a  handsome  square  with  a  beauti- 
ful marble  fountain,  an  old  Gothic  castle  of  vast  extent  and 
picturesque  appearance,  but  almost  in  ruins,  a  marble 
cathedral  in  the  Byzantine  style,  3  other  churches,  one  of 
which,  Santa  Maria  Maggiore,  a  modernized  building  of 
red  marble,  is  interesting  as  the  place  where  the  Council  of 
Trent  held  its  sittings  (1545-1563),  2  episcopal  palaces,  a 
court-house,  a  town  house,  a  theatre,  elegant  private  pal- 
aces, 3  convents  and  a  nunnery,  an  ecclesiastical  seminary, 
a  high  school  and  a  school  of  design,  a  gymnasium,  an  or- 
phan and  a  foundling  hospital,  an  ordinary  hospital  richly 
endowed,  a  poor-house,  and  a  house  of  correction.  Trent 
is  the  see  of  a  bishop  and  the  seat  of  a  civil,  criminal,  and 
mercantile  court.  It  is  a  place  of  great  antiquity,  and  is 
said  by  Pliny  to  have  been  founded  by  the  Rhaetians  of 
Fitruria.  It  afterwards  became  a  Roman  colony.  In  the 
Middle  Ages  its  bishops  made  themselves  independent,  and 
sat  in  the  Germanic  diet  as  princes  of  the  empire. 

Trent,  a  small  river  of  North  Carolina,  rises  in  Lenoir 
CO.,  flows  E.,  and  falls  into  the  Neuse  at  New-Berne. 


Trent,  a  river  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Northumbcrhnd  rli 
In  Trent  Lake,  in  lat.  45°  N.,  Ion.  78°  W.,  and,  after  M< 
tuous  S.  and  E.  course,  enters  the  Bay  of  Quinte,  I.nlie  0 
tario,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Newcastle.    Total  length,  100  mil, 

Trent,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa,  at  Oralnbor  Si 
tion  on  the  Des  Moines  A  Minnesota  Railroad,  9  mjlfj  ; 
of  Dcs  Moines.  * 

Trent,  a  post-hamlet  in  Cosenovia  township,  Matkcn 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  Crockery  Creek,  4  miles  W.  of  Trent  Statio 
and  20  miles  E.  of  Muskegon.  It  bos  a  flour-mill,  a 
mill,  and  3  stores. 

Trent,  Muskegon  co.,  Mich.    See  Mottoomeiit. 

Trent,  a  township  of  Lenoir  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  7fli. 

Trentoln,  trJn-to'lA,  a  town  of  Italy,  In  Coserta,  iir» 
ince  and  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Naples.     Pop.  2049. 

Tren'ton,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Ala.,  on  Pali 
Rock  River,  about  24  miles  E.  of  Huntsville. 

Trenton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Phillips  co..  Ark.,  8  mili 
from  Poplar  Grove  Station,  and  about  17  milei  AV.  ( 
Helena.     It  has  3  churches. 

Trenton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dade  co.,  Oa.,  c 
the  Alabama  A  Chattanooga  Railroad,  18  miles  S.S.w'.  c 
Chattanooga.  It  is  on  Lookout  Creek,  at  the  E.  We  c 
Lookout  Mountain,  and  has  2  churches  and  2  furnaces  ft 
pig-iron.     Pop.  22.3. 

Trenton,  a  village  of  Bureau  co..  III.,  on  the  Illino 
River  and  the  Chicago,  RMk  Island  A  Pacific  Railroai 
about  12  miles  W.  of  La  Salle. 

Trenton,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co..  111.,  on  tin 
A  Mississippi  Railroad,  30  miles  E.  of  St.  Louisi,  M 
17  miles  W.  of  Carlyle.     It  has  6  churches,  a  moncv 
post-office,  a  public  school,  and  1  or  2  mills.    Coal  is  uiiuej 
here.     Pop.  in  1880,  1188.  | 

Trenton,  a  township  of  Blackford  co.,  Ind.    Pn]   " 

Trenton   (Priam  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of  Bhi 
CO.,  Ind.,  about  44  miles  S.  of  Fort  Wayne.     It  i 
church.  I 

Trenton,  Randolph  co.,  Ind.    See  IIuxtsvillb.       \ 

Trenton,  a  post-village  in  Trenton  township.  Hi"!' 
CO.,  Iowa,  about  9  miles  N.W.  of  Mount  Pleasant,  n 
miles  8.  of  Washington.    It  has  a  church.    The  town 
intersected  by  the  Skunk  River.    Pop.  of  the  townsLii 

Trentdn,  a  township  of  Edwards  co.,  Kansas.    1 

Trenton,  a  post-village  of  Todd  co.,  Ky.,  on  v. 
Louis  A  Southenstern  Railroad,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Uopkiuii 
ville.     It  has  5  churches.     Pop.  221.  I 

Trenton,  a  post-village  of  Ouachita  parish,!.-    - 
the  W.  bank  of  the  Ouachita  River,  2  or  3  milc'' 
Monroe.     It   has  several  warehouses,  a  steam  flour 
and  a  number  of  stores.     Pop.  429.  , 

Trenton,  a  township  of  Hancock  co.,  Me.    Pop.  JTSJ 

Trenton,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  about! 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Baltimore.  I 

Trenton,   a    post-village    in    Monguagon    towti'liiy' 
Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Detroit  River,  and  on  tli'' 
Shore  &   Michigan   Southern   Railroad    and   the  < 
Southern  Railroad,  16  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Detroit.    It 
churches,  a  public  hall,  a  flouring-mill,  a  lumber-mill, 
ship-yard,  and   manufactures   of  ploughs,   handles,  saib 
blinds,   Ac.      Pop.  about  1200.      Trenton  Station  of  th 
Canada  Southern  Railroad  is  21  miles  from  Detroit. 

Trenton,  a  post-office  of  Freeborn  co.,  Minn.,  aboa 
32  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mankato. 

Trenton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Smith  co..  Miss.,  about  4< 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Jackson.     It  has  a  chnrch. 

Trenton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Grundy  co.,  Mo.,  ii 
Trenton  township,  on  the  Crooked  Fork  of  Grand  Rircr 
and  on  the  Southwestern  Branch  of  the  Chicago,  RocI 
Island  A  Pacific  Railroad,  102  miles  N.E.  of  Leavenworth 
Kansas,  and  about  24  miles  N.  of  Chillicotho.  It  has  : 
court-house,  a  high  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  niitiona 
bank,  1  other  bank,  largo  machine-shops  of  the  railroad.  1 
churches,  3  flour-mills,  and  a  woollen-miU.  Pop.  in  1S80 
3312;  of  the  township,  4477. 

Trenton,  a  city,  capital  of  the  state  of  New  Jersey  «ni 
of  the  CO.  of  Mercer,  is  situated  on  the  Delaware  River,  a 
the  head  of  tide-water  and  of  navigation,  about  28  mile 
by  river  from  Camden,  33  miles  by  rail  from  Pliiladd 
phia,  and  57  miles  from  New  York.  Lat.  40°  14'  N.;  Ion 
74°  46'  30"  W.  The  city  is  divided  by  Assanpink  Cred 
into  two  parts,  Trenton  and  South  Trenton.  Trenton  i 
regulariy  laid  out,  with  straight,  broad  streets,  well  p»vc<i 
well  lighted,  and,  away  from  the  active  business  portion? 
delightfully  shaded.  The  city  is  a  peculiarly  pleasant  am 
inviting  place  of  abode,  and  there  are  many  spacious  «n( 
handsome  residences,  and  yet  it  is  an  important  centre  oi 
vast  manufactures,  having  a  number  of  extensive  esUD 


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2647 


>Wll 


lijraents  for  iron  and  Btoel  manufacturing  and  worlcing 
irill  their  stages,  with  about  $5,000,000  of  capital  and  an 
njual  production  approximating  $10,000,000.  There  are 
all  woollen-mills,  fire-brioli-  and  terra-cotta-works,  rubber- 
w  ks,  zinc-works,  Ac.  But  the  leading  industry  of  Tren- 
t:;is  the  manufacture  of  crockery  and  pottery.  There  is 
Kfe  of  this  ware  made  here  than  in  all  the  rest  of  Amer- 
iol  and  Trenton-ware  has  a  world-wide  reputation  as  un- 
e:pllod.  Trenton  already  employs  water-power  from  the 
Iftiware  to  the  amount  of  2000  horse-power,  and  the 
abunt  can  readily  be  quintupled.  Ample  facilities  for 
dipping  the  protlucts  of  Trenton  industries  to  home  and 
fjign  markets  are  afforded  by  the  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
r(B  and  its  branches  and  connections,  the  Philadelphia  A 
]<,ding  Railroad  (Bound  Brook  Branch),  the  Delaware, 
L  kawanna  A  Western  Railroad  and  its  branches,  the 
]j  aware  A  Raritan  Canal,  and  various  steamboats  to 
Pladelpbia.  There  are  two  fine  bridges  across  the  Dela- 
w  e.  Among  the  public  buildings  of  Trenton  are  the 
ste  house,  a  handsome,  commodious  building,  the  county 
c(p-house,  the  city  hall,  state  lunatic  asylum,  penitcn- 
tily,  state  arsenal,  state  normal  school.  United  States  post- 
oie,  Ac,  35  churches,  a  high  school  and  11  or  more  graded 
pjilic  schools,  and  a  number  of  denominational  and  pri- 
vJB  schools,  Ac.  There  are  charitiible  institutions,  asylums, 
A|  and  several  excellent  libraries.  Six  daily  and  6  weekly 
n?sp!''P6'^  and  1  German  semi-weekly  are  published  here. 
Ti  city  is  governed  by  a  mayor  and  common  council.  It 
h(  an  efiScient  fire  department,  an  ample  water-supply, 
ai  is  lighted  with  gas.  Pop.  in  1840,  4035;  in  1860, 
lfe28;  in  1870,  22,874;  in  1880,  29,910;  in  1800,  57,458. 
Trenton,  a  post-village  in  Trenton  township,  Oneida 
C'j  N.Y.,  on  Cincinnati  Creek,  and  on  the  Utica  A  Black 
Rer  Railroad,  16  miles  N.  of  Utica.  It  has  2  churches 
at  a  cheese-factory.  Pop.  294. 
I'renton,  a  post-township  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
llrailes  N.  of  Utica,  is  intersected  by  the  Utica  A  Black 
Ifer  Railroad.  The  Trenton  limestone  (Lower  Silurian) 
iiHeveloped  here.  Pop.  3134.  This  township  contains 
wages  named  Holland  Patent,  Prospect,  Stittville,  Tren- 
t|,  and  Trenton  Falls. 

jTrenton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jones  co.,  N.C.,  in 
Tfenton  township,  on  the  Trent  River,  about  22  miles 
Ap.W.  of  New-Berne.  It  is  situated  in  a  level,  sandy 
rion,  which  has  extensive  forests  of  pine.  It  has  a 
clirch.  Pop.  of  the  township,  814. 
jTrenton,  a  post-village  in  Madison  township,  Butler 
cl  0.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Great  Miami  River,  and  on 
tl  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  A  Dayton  Railroad,  8  miles 
I'S.E.  of  Hamilton.  It  has  4  churches  and  a  carriage- 
fftory.  Pop.  340. 
Trenton,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  0.  Pop.  907. 
Trenton  (Tuscarawas  Post-Office),  a  village  of  Tus- 
cfawas  CO.,  0.,  in  AVarwick  township,  on  the  Tuscarawas 
Ij^-er,  the  Ohio  Canal,  and  the  Pittsburg  A  Columbus  Rail- 
ed, 53  miles  W.  of  Steubenville.  It  has  3  churches, 
lip.  292. 

JTrenton,  a  post-village  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
wrlotte,  Columbia  A  Augusta  Railroad,  59  miles  W.S.W. 
cColumbia.     It  has  2  churches. 

[Trenton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Gibson  co.,  Tenn., 
([the  North  Fork  of  the  Forked  Deer  River,  and  on  the 
Ibbile  A  Ohio  Railroad,  28  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Jackson, 
ip  59  miles  S.  of  Columbus,  Ky.  It  has  a  court-house,  8 
({jrches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  high  school,  2  flour-mills,  2 
tltndries,  and  a  planing-mill.  Pop.  1909. 
^renton,  a  township  of  Dodge  co.,  Wis.  Pop.  1762. 
pTrenton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Trenton  township,  Pierce 
(j,  Wis.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  2  miles  N.  of 
id  Wing,  and  16  miles  S.E.  of  Prescott.  Pop.  of  the 
iWnship,  in  1880,  737. 

rPrenton,  township,  Washington  oo.,  Wis.  Pop.  1912. 
rTrenton,  a  port  of  entry  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Hastings, 
il  the  Trent,  at  its  entrance  into  the  Bay  of  Quinte,  101 
lies  E.  of  Toronto.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  gramraar- 
{lool,  town  hall,  branch  bank,  printing-office,  2  steam 
ijw-mills,  4  grist-mills,  2  tanneries,  a  tin-factory,  paper- 
l\\,  oarding-mill,  an  iron-foundry,  and  a  number  of  stores, 
•also  has  excellent  facilities  for  ship-building,  and  a  trade 
[  exporting  square  and  sawed  timber.  Pop.  2000. 
jTrenton  I*  alls,  a  post-village  and  popular  place  of 
port  in  Trenton  township,  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on  West 
linada  Creek,  and  on  the  Utica  A  Black  River  Railroad,  17 
lies  N.  of  Utica.  Here  are  5  cascades,  with  a  total  descent 
'  about  400  feet  in  a  course  of  2  miles.  Th  i  creek  flows 
jrough  a  deep,  narrow  ravine  between  perpendicular 
ills  of  fine  Trenton  limestone,  which  in  some  places  are 


nearly  200  feet  high.  The  volume  of  water  is  not  large, 
but  the  place  is  remarkable  for  the  beauty  and  wildness  of 
its  scenery.     Pop.  about  250. 

Trenton  Junction,  a  station  in  Mercer  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Delaware  A  Bound  Brook 
Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Belvidere  Delaware  Rail- 
road, 3i  miles  N.W.  of  Trenton.  A  bridge  over  the  river 
connects  this  place  with  Yardleyville. 

Trenton  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co.,  Va. 

Trentschin,  trSnt-sheen',  written  also  Trentsen 
and  Trentsin  (Hun.  Trencsin,  trSn^cheen'),  a  town  of 
Hungary,  capital  of  a  county,  on  a  castle-crowned  height, 
on  the  Waag,  40  miles  N.  of  Neutra.     Pop.  3449. 

Trentschin ,  a  county  in  the  extreme  N.W.  of  Hungary. 
Area,  1784  square  miles.  Capital,  Trentschin.  Pop.  248,626, 
mostly  Slovaks. 

Trepassey,  tre-pas'se,  a  port  of  entry  of  Newfound- 
land, 81  miles  S.W.  of  St.  John's.  It  has  a  fine  harbor, 
and  a  large  trade  in  the  fisheries.     Pop.  514. 

Treport,  Le,  a  town  of  France.    See  Lr  Treport. 

Treptow,  Neu,  a  town  of  Prussia.  See  Nku-Treptow. 

Trepuzzi,  tri-poot'see,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
N.W.  of  Lecce.     Pop.  3278. 

Tres  Alamos,  trSs  &'l3,-moce,  a  post-office  and  settle- 
ment of  Pima  CO.,  Arizona,  in  San  Pedro  Valley,  50  milefl 
E.  of  Tucson. 

Tres  Barras,  or  Rio  de  Tres  Barras,  ree'o  d4 
tr8s  baR'nis  {i.e.,  the  "  river  with  three  bars"),  a  river  of 
Brazil,  falls  into  the  Tapajos  near  lat.  8°  S.,  Ion.  57°  W. 

Tresckow,  tres'ko,  a  mining  post-village  in  Banks 
township.  Carbon  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad 
and  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  about  24  miles 
N.E.  of  Pottsville.     It  has  a  large  colliery.     P.  about  800. 

Tres'co,  or  Tres'caw,  one  of  the  Scilly  Islands,  in 
the  English  Channel,  W.  of  Annet  Island.  Pop.  226.  It 
has  about  800  acres  of  fertile  land,  a  village  named  Dol- 
phin, and  some  decayed  batteries. 

Tres'cott,  a  township  of  Washington  co..  Me.,  22 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Machias.     Pop.  603. 

Tres  Hermanos,  islands.    See  Hermanos. 

Treskowitz,  tr5s'ko-^its\  or  TroskotOAVice,  tros- 
ko-to-\^eet'si,  a  market-town  of  Austria,  in  Moravia,  circle 
of  Briinn,  near  Durnholz.     Pop.  1160. 

Tres-Montes,  trfis-nion'tfis  ("three  mountains"),  a 
peninsula  of  South  America,  W.  of  Patagonia,  between 
the  Chonos  Archipelago  and  the  Gulf  of  Pefias. 

Tres-Nuraghes,  tr5s-noo-r3,'gh5s,  a  village  of  the 
island  of  Sardinia,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  1324. 

Tres  Palacios  (trfis  pi-li'se-oce)  River,  a  hamlet 
of  Matagorda  co.,  Tex.,  40  miles  from  Columbia.  It  has  a 
church. 

Tres  Finos,  trSs  pee'noce,  a  post-hamlet  of  San  Benito 
CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  100  miles  S.S.E. 
of  San  Francisco,  and  6  miles  S.E.  of  HoUister. 

Tres-Pontes,  trSs-pon'tfis  ("three  bridges"),  a  town 
of  Brazil,  province  of  Minas-Geracs,  between  the  Rio 
Grande  and  the  Rio  das  Mortes,  25  miles  E.  of  Lavras-de- 
Funil. 

Tres  Tabernse,  the  ancient  name  of  Zaberx. 

Trestenburg,  a  town  of  Transylvania.     See  Tasnad. 

Trets,  tri,  a  town  of  France,  in  Bouches-du-Rh6ne,  15 
miles  B.S.E.  of  Aix.     Pop.  2694.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Treuchtlingcn,  troiKt'ling-en,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on 
the  Altmlihl,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Eicbstadt.  It  has  man- 
ufactures of  ribbons,  pottery,  Ac.     Pop.  1928. 

Treuen,  troi'?n,  a  town  of  Saxony,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Plauen.  Pop.  6409,  mostly  employed  in  weaving  and 
spinning. 

Treuenbrietzen,  troi'?n-brect's§n.  a  town  of  Prus- 
sia, province  of  Brandenburg,  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Potsdam. 
Pop.  5466.  It  has  numerous  manufactures  of  linen,  woollen, 
and  cotton  fabrics,  and  leather. 

Trevandrum,  India.    See  Tuivandrum. 

Trevanion,  tre-vi'ne-on,  or  Guerta,  ghSr'ti,  an 
island  in  the  South  Pacific.  Lat.  10°  40'  S.;  Ion.  165°  45' 
30"  E.     It  is  nearly  10  miles  in  circuit. 

Trevelez,  tri-vA'15th,  or  Entrevelez,  an-tri-vi'lSth, 
a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  province  and  about  35  miles 
from  Granada.     Pop.  1399. 

Trevennen,  Marquesas  Islands.    See  Roapoa. 

Treves,  treevz  (anc.  Aurjus'ta  Trevi ro' nun  ;  Fr.  Trevet, 
traiv  or  trfiv ;  Ger.  Trier,  treer),  a  city  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
capital  of  a  government  of  its  own  name,  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Moselle,  here  crossed  by  an  ancient  Roman  bridge  690 
feet  long,  57  miles  S.W,  of  Coblentz.  Lat.  49°  47'  N. ;  Ion. 
6°  38'  E.  It  is  considered  the  oldest  city  in  Germany,  and 
is  by  far  the  richest  of  its  cities  in  Roman  remains,  tbough 


TRE 


2648 


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these  are  moro  remarkable  for  rastness  than  for  beauty. 
Modern  Treves  consists  of  the  town  proper  and  of  9  suburbs. 
It  is  surrounded  by  walls  with  8  gates.  The  prinoipal 
buildings  are  the  cathedral,  an  irregular  structure  in  tho 
earliest  Romanesque  stylo,  remarkable  fur  its  altars  and 
uarblo  gallery,  the  church  of  St.  Simoon,  the  palace  of 
the  electors  and  bishops,  now  converted  into  a  barrack,  the 
ancient  remains  of  the  Roman  baths,  in  a  very  shuttered 
state,  the  Roman  amphitheatre  scooped  out  of  the  hill  of 
the  Marsberg,  the  town  library,  which  belonged  to  its 
university,  suppressed  in  1794,  tho  museum,  gymnasium, 
theatre,  provincial,  industrial,  and  numerous  other  schools, 
the  school  of  design,  savings-banks,  burgher  hospital,  puor- 
houso,  house  of  correction,  &o.  Its  manufactures  consist  of 
woollen  and  linen  cloth,  worsted,  carpets,  hats,  porcelain, 
soaj),  glue,  leather,  tobacco,  and  refined  wa.v.  Treves  is  a 
bishop's  see,  and  the  seat  of  a  provincial  council  and  a  tri- 
bunal of  commerce.  When  Julius  Ctesar  led  his  armies  into 
the  district  it  was  the  capital  of  a  powerful  people,  whom  he 
culls  the  Treviri.  Under  Augustus  it  was  mude  a  Roman 
colony,  called  Augusta  Trevirorum  ;  it  subsequently  became 
the  capital  of  Uallia  Bolgica.  It  was  the  residence  of  Con- 
stantine  the  Great  and  other  Roman  emperors,  and  became 
the  second  metropolis  of  the  empire.  During  the  invasion 
of  the  Uoths,  Huns,  and  Vandals  it  was  almost  annihilated, 
but  revived,  and  rose  to  groat  splendor  under  the  arch- 
bishop-electors, who  possessed  extensive  domains,  often 
maintained  large  armies,  and  exercised  groat  political  in- 
fluence. St.  Ambrose,  one  of  the  fathers  of  the  church,  was 
born  here,  and  St.  Jerome,  another  of  its  fathers,  studied 
here.  In  the  Middle  Ages  it  suffered  repeatedly  from  wars, 
and  in  the  eighteenth  century  it  was  five  times  taken  by 
the  French.     Pop.  in  1885,  26,119. 

Trevico,  tr4-vee'ko  (anc.  Trivi'cum),  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Avellino,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ariano,  with  a 
cathedral,  convents,  and  hospital.     Pop.  .3490. 

Treviglio,  tri-veel'yo,  or  Triviglio,  tro-veel'yo,  a 
town  of  Northern  Italy,  province  of  Bergamo,  ISJ  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Milan,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  railway. 
Pop.  S575.  It  stands  in  a  rich  plain  between  the  Adda  and 
the  Serio,  and  has  a  large  trade  in  raw  silk. 

Trevigno,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Rovigxo. 

Trevilian's  (tr^-vil'yanz)  Depot,  a  small  post-vil- 
lage of  Louisa  CO.,  Va.,  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Rail- 
road, 66  miles  W.N.W.  of  Richmond. 

Treviso,  trSv-ee'zo  or  tr4-vee'so  (Fr.  Trivise,  triVeez'; 
anc.  Tarvi'sium),  a  city  of  Italy,  16  miles  by  rail  N.  of 
Venice,  capital  of  a  province,  on  the  Site.  It  has  spacious 
Streets  and  large  squares,  and  a  great  number  of  handsome 
houses,  generally  lined  by  arcades,  and  often  possessed  of 
small  but  well-planted  gardens,  which  give  the  town  a  very 
pleasing  appearance.  The  principal  buildings  arc  the  cathe- 
dral, the  church  of  San  Nicolo,  a  large  Gothic  edifice,  the 
court-house  and  prison,  town  house,  register- office,  hospital, 
library,  a  monte-de-pietd,  2  theatres,  and  the  civil  hospital. 
The  manufactures  consist  chiefly  of  silk  and  cotton  goods, 
paper,  and  cutlery ;  the  trade  is  in  corn,  cattle,  and  fruit, 
and  there  is  an  important  annual  fair.  Treviso  is  the  see 
of  a  bishop,  the  seat  of  provincial  and  city  courts  and  offices, 
and  possesses  a  botanic  garden,  agricultural  society,  dio- 
cesan seminary,  and  athenaeum  of  science  and  literature. 
It  was  formerly  the  seat  of  the  celebrated  university  after- 
wards transferred  to  Padua.  It  is  a  place  of  great  an- 
tiquity, and  is  supposed  to  have  been  a  municipal  free 
town  under  the  Romans.  On  the  decline  of  the  empire  it 
was  taken  possession  of  by  the  Huns,  then  by  the  Ostro- 
goths, and  afterwards  by  the  Lombards.  During  the  feuds 
between  the  Guelphs  and  Ghibellines  it  formed  part  of  the 
Lombardic  league  and  became  independent.  In  1344  it 
voluntarily  placed  itself  under  the  government  of  Venice. 
Totila,  King  of  the  Goths,  and  Pope  Benedict  XI.,  were 
born  in  Treviso.     Pop.  16,824. 

Treviso,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Venetia,  bordering  on 
the  Gulf  of  Venice.  Area,  9.39  square  miles.  Capital, 
Treviso.     Pop.  352,338. 

Trevi-Thebana,  tr4'vee-ti-b4'ni,  a  market-town  of 
Italy.  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Frosinone.     Pop.  1591. 

Trevi-Trebia,  tri'vee-tri'be-4,  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
Uuabria,  10  miles  N.  of  Spoleto,  picturesquely  situated  on 
the  Flaminian  Way.     Pop.  5082. 

Trevoes,  tri-vo'3ss,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of 
Beira,  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lamego.     Pop.  1142. 

Trev'orton,  a  post-village  in  Zerbe  township,  North- 
nmberland  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Mahanoy  &  Shamokin  Railroad, 
7  miles  W.  of  Shamokin.  It  has  4  churches.  Coal  is 
mined  near  this  place,  which  is  13 J  miles  E.N.E.  of  Trev- 
orton  Junction.     Pop.  about  1400. 


Trevorton,  or  Trevorton  Junction,  Penn«. 
vania.     See  Hkilndon. 

Trevose,  tro-vOs',  a  stotion  of  the  North  Penniylvnii 
Railroad,  17  miles  N.N.E.  of  Philadelphia,  Pu. 

Tr6voiix,  tri'voo'  (anc.  Trivi«t),i\  town  of  Fmnc 
department  of  Ain,  on  the  Siono,  12  miles  N.  of  Lv„t 
Pop.  2127.  It  has  a  palace,  a  hospital,  and  manufnciur 
of  edge-tools  and  jewelry. 

Trex'ler,  a  post-village  of  Berks  oo.,  Pa.,  on  the  lUr 
&  Lehigh  Railroad,  24i  miles  N.  of  Reading,  h  hm 
tannery.  v 

Trex'lertown,  a  post-village  in  Upper  Mapun- 
township,  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.,  on  tho  Catiisauqua  4  FogclMil 
Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Brcinigifvillo  Bmnrh  i' 
miles  S.AV.  of  Catasauqua,  and  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  AlUi 
town.    It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  2  or  3  storci),  ikc.   I',  in 

Treysa,  or  Trcisa,  tri'si,  a  town  of  Ocnnany,  | 
Ilesse-Cassel,  province  of  Obcr-llesscn,  20  inileii  E  X  t  c 
Marburg.     Pop.  2228. 

Trezevant,  trCz-vant',  a  post-villnge  of  Carroll  co 
Tenn.,  on  the  South  Fork  of  Obion  River,  and  on  the  Uuii 
ville  &  Memphis  Railroad,  39  miles  N.  by  K.  of  Jtvl<!<oi 
It  has  2  churches,  a  masonic  institute,  and  u  foundry  I'ui 
about  350.  ' 

Trezzano,  tr8t-s4'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  o 
Milan,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Milan.     Pop.  llOfi. 

Trezzo,  trfit'so,  a  market-town  of  Louibardy,  19  mile 
N.E.  of  Milan,  on  tho  Adda,  with  manufactures  of  eilki 
It  was  formerly  fortified.     Pop.  3381. 

Triadcl'phia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  MJ 
on  tho  Pntuxent  River,  about  25  miles  W.  of  BiiltiiiKirc. 

Triadclphia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  0.,  abou 
20  miles  S.  of  Zanesvillo.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  ?i4. 

Triadclpbia,  a  post-village  of  Ohio  co.,  W.  Vn.,  o 
tho  Wheeling  A  I'ittsburg  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  A  Obi 
Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Wheeling.  It  has  3  churches  an< 
2  cigar-factories.     Pop.  in  1880,  313. 

Triaditza,  Bulgaria.     See  Sophia. 

Tri'al  Bay,  a  commodious  harbor  of  New  South  M'ulo 
about  40  miles  N.  of  Port  Macquarie. 

Triana,  tri-in'ah,  a  post-hninlet  of  Madison  co.,  Ali 
on  the  Tennessee  River,  about  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  lluii; 
ville.     It  has  a  church. 

Triangle,  tri'ang-gh^l,  a  post-village  of  Broome  d 
N.Y.,  in  Triangle  township,  about  18  miles  N.  of  Binghiim 
ton.  It  has  3  churches.  Pop.  273;  of  the  townsliip,  212J 
The  township  contains  a  larger  village,  named  Whitney'i 
Point.     It  is  drained  by  the  Tioghnioga  and  Otsclio  Uiven 

Triangle,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  N.C. 

Triangles,  The,  a  group  of  islets  in  tho  Malay  Archi- 
pelago, in  the  Strait  of  Macassar,  immediately  between 
Celebes  and  Borneo. 

Triangles,  The,  a  group  of  islets  off  the  W.  coast  of 
Yucatan,  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

Tribau,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  TntlBAu. 

Tribe's  (tribz)  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  N.  bunk  of  tho  Mohawk  River,  and  on  the 
New  York  Central  Railroad,  38  miles  W.N.W.  of  Albany, 
and  5  miles  E.  of  Fonda.  It  is  mostly  in  Mohawk  town- 
ship. It  has  3  churches,  a  broom-factory,  and  quarries  of 
limestone.     Pop.  365. 

Tribsees,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Thiebsees. 

Tribula'tion,  a  post-office  of  McDonald  co..  Mo. 

Tribur,  or  Triburinm,  Germany.    See  Trebub. 

Tricala,  a  town  of  Thessaly.    See  Trikhala. 

Tricarico,  tre-kS,'re-ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
17  miles  B.  of  Potenza,  between  the  Basientoand  the  Bre-^ 
dano.  Pop.  6710.  It  is  enclosed  by  old  walls,  nnd  hu  ft 
cathedral,  and  manufactures  of  silks,  woollen  cloths,  cap^i 
leather,  and  tobacco.  ' 

Tricase,  tre-k4'si,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Lecce, 
23  miles  E.S.E.  of  Gallipoli.     Pop.  2527. 

Tricassa;.    See  Troyes. 

Tricca,  Turkey.    See  TniKHALA. 

Trich'angode,  or  Tir'nchango'du,  a  town  ot 
India,  district  and  29  miles  S.W.  of  Salem.     Pop.  6153. 

Trich^ndoor',  or  Tritchindur,  trichMn-door', 
written  also  Tiriichendur,  a  town  of  India,  on  the  sea, 
district  and  35  miles  S.E.  of  Tinnevelly.     Pop.  705L 

Trichinopoly,  or  Trichinopoli,  trich-in-op'o-Ie,  a 
district  of  British  India,  near  its  S.  extremity,  presidency  j 
of  Madras.     Area,   3515   square   miles.      Pop.  1,200,408. 1( 
The  river  Cavery  traverses  it  from  W.  to  E.  _       ^ 

Trichinopoly,  or  Trichinopoli,  a  town  of  Bntuh 
India,  presidency  of  Madras,  capital  of  the  above  district, 
on  the  Cavery,  30  miles  W.  of  Tanjore.  Pop.  84,449 
Though  one  of  the  hottest  stations  in  the  Carnatic,  it  i«  th« 


TRI 


2649 


TRI 


r  h«  l-quartors  of  the  S.  division  of  the  Madras  army,  which 
hii  here  good  cantonments.  The  markets  are  well  sup- 
plli.  The  fortifications  are  in  decay;  but  a  citadel  is 
BC-pd  on  a  lofty  rock  in  its  centre,  on  which  are  also  a 
laje  pagoda,  a  powder-magazine,  and  in  one  of  its  angles 
.,a  i'e-temple.  The  arsenal  contains  many  thousand  stand 
ofirms.  The  population  manufacture  jewelry,  cotton 
olms,  and  horse-equipments,  for  which,  and  for  other  goods, 
Tijhinopoly  is  a  flourishing  emporium. 

[richoor,  tre-choor',  a  town  of  India,  state  and  40 
mis  N.  by  W.  of  Cochin.  It  contains  a  citadel  and  pal- 
otita  college  for  Brahmins,  many  pagodas,  good  barracks, 
a  Ippital,  magazine,  and  storehouses.  It  is  celebrated  for 
it*«.nctity,  is  the  place  of  a  large  annual  festival,  and  is 
thlnost  important  trading-emporium  in  Cochin. 

rickham,  trik'am,  a  post- village  of  Coleman  co., 
Tes,  125  miles  N.W.  of  Georgetown.     It  has  a  church. 

jrick'uin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Whitfield  co.,  Ga.,  25  miles 
frci  Chattanooga,  Tenn.     It  has  a  church. 

jric'olum,  or  Trik'kolam,  a  town  of  India,  in 
,  Mfbar,  24  miles  by  rail  S.E.  of  Calicut.     Pop.  8317. 

uricot,  treo^ko',  a  village  of  France,  department  of 
Oi|  12  miles  N.E.  of  Clermont.  Pop.  1045,  who  weave 
falcs  which  have  hence  derived  their  name. 

ridentnm,  the  ancient  name  of  Trent. 

riebsees,  treeb'sis,  or  Tribsees,  trib'sis,  a  town 
..of  jrussia,  in  Pomorania,  government  and  20  miles  S.W.  of 
6t[sund.     Pop.  3082. 

ariel)  tre-Sl',  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-et-Oise,  on 
•thlight  bank  of  the  Seine,  and  on  the  Ilavre  Railway,  4 
mib  N.N.W.  of  Poissy.     Pop.  1734. 

rie-leo  Chateau,  tree-l§h-sha,Ho',  a  town  of  France, 
de'jrtment  of  Oise,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Beauvais. 

Iriengen,  treen'ghen,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  can- 
toi^nd  16  miles  N.W.  of  Lucerne.     Pop.  1632. 

rient,  the  German  name  of  Trent. 

vicr,  the  German  name  of  Treves. 

nriesch,  treesh,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Moravia,  9  miles 
S.SV.  of  Iglau.  It  has  manufactures  of  linen  and  woollen 
fattcs.     Pop.  4500. 

{riest,  tre-fist'  (Fr.  Trieate,  tre-fist' ;  It.  Trieste,  tre- 
is'i;  anc.  Terges'te),  the  principal  seaport  city  of  Austro- 
Ilijgary,  capital  of  Kilstenland,  on  the  Gulf  of  Triest,  at 
th<fi.E.  extremity  of  the  Adriatic  Sea,  73  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Velce.  Lat.  45°  38'  N. ;  Ion.  13°  46'  E.  Mean  tempera- 
turf  of  the  year,  55.3°;  winter,  39.4°;  summer,  71.4° 
Fat.  It  is  the  terminus  of  a  railway  system.  The  city 
coiists  of  an  old  town,  built  on  the  declivity  of  a  steep 
hiliand  enclosed  by  old  walls,  and  the  new  town,  or  There- 
Bie  tadt,  Josephstadt,  and  the  Franzenvorstadt,  bordering 
thiea  on  a  plain  at  its  foot.  It  has  altogether  a  thriving 
ap  arance,  and  its  streets  are  crowded  with  men  of  all 
Eiij'pean  nations.  The  new  town  especially  is  well  built. 
A  bad  canal,  deep  enough  to  float  vessels  of  large  burden, 
rui  up  from  the  harbor  through  this  part  of  the  town,  and 
enifes  the  merchants  to  receive  or  deliver  cargoes  at  their 
Aok,  Between  the  old  and  new  town  winds  the  Corao,  a 
spcous  thoroughfare,  opening  successively  into  several 
ha:  some  squares,  in  the  principal  of  which  are  a  fine  public 
fouiain,  the  chief  hotel,  and  the  column  and  statue  of  the 
Eoeror  Charles  VI.  (to  whom  Triest  owes  its  modern  im- 
T)o:,nce);  the  exchange,  the  finest  edifice  in  Triest;  the 
Do,  or  cathedral,  of  great  antiquity,  resembling  St. 
Mft's  at  Venice,  and  surmounted  by  a  tower  which  is  said 
.to  md  on  a  temple  of  Jupiter;  the  church  of  St.  Peter, 
thciesuit  church,  the  Protestant  church,  synagogue,  cus- 
toc  louse,  post-office,  and  theatres.  Outside  the  town,  on 
thtea-shore,  is  the  new  lazaretto,  one  of  the  best-arranged 
in  jurope.  The  harbor  admits  vessels  of  300  tons  to  its 
quia,  and  vessels  of  any  size  anchor  safely  at  a  short  dis- 
tats.  It  is  in  the  form  of  a  crescent,  one  side  of  which  is 
fored  by  the  mole,  which  projects  N.W.  into  the  sea  and 
terinates  in  a  broad  platform,  occupied  partly  by  a  fort, 
anoartly  by  an  intermittent  light  106  feet  above  the  sea. 
0ns  N.  side  is  a  quarantine  dock,  surrounded  with  hotels 
anijvery  other  convenience.  Close  to  the  harbor  are  ex- 
tenvo  building-docks. 

'.lest  is  the  great  emporium  for  the  trade  of  the  empire 
by  10  Adriatic.  It  is  a  depot  for  warehousing  goods  from 
tbc^lack  Sea,  Turkey,  and  Egypt,  and  of  late  the  route 
thifgh  it  has  been  successfully  employed  for  the  transit 
of  10  overland  mails  between  England  and  India.  The 
'  tras  began  rapidly  to  increase  about  the  middle  of  the  last 
oei^ry,  when  the  Empress  Maria  Theresa  made  great  im- 
pntements  on  the  harbor,  constructed  the  canal,  and  de- 
claid  it  a  free  port.  The  principal  exports  are  corn,  rice, 
<  wij^  oil,  wax,  flax,  hemp,  tobaooo,  silk,  wood,  hides,  mar- 


fL 


ble,  iron,  lead,  quicksilver,  copper,  alum,  vitriol,  siik  stuffs, 
printed  cottons,  coarse  and  fine  linens,  soap,  leather,  glass, 
and  liqueurs.  The  principal  imports  are  colonial  produce, 
raw  and  spun  cotton,  cotton  goods,  dried  fruits,  hides,  salt 
fish,  camels'  hair,  <fcc.  Triest  possesses  a  large  mercantile 
navy,  and  is  the  head-quarters  of  the  Austrian  Lloyd's,  which 
occupies  a  large  building  called  the  Torgesteum.  The  value 
of  its  imports  amounts  to  about  $70,000,000  and  its  expojits 
to  $50,000,000  per  annum. 

Triest  is  a  bishop's  see,  the  seat  of  an  imperial  academy, 
a  school  of  navigation,  and  many  other  schools  and  learned 
associations.  It  has  many  banking  establishments,  insu- 
rance offices,  newspapers,  Ac,  and  is  the  residence  of  consuls 
of  most  commercial  nations.  Its  manufactures  are  numer-, 
ous,  and  in  some  branches  extensive.  The  principal  articles 
are  white  lead,  wax  candles,  soap,  rosoglio,  spirits,  earthen-, 
ware,  and  morocco  leather.  A  great  number  of  vessels  also 
are  built,  and  an  active  shipping  is  carried  on  in  the  bay., 
Triest  existed  under  the  Romans,  but  never  rose  to  much 
importance  till  about  the  middle  of  the  last  century,  when 
the  Empress  Maria  Theresa  laid  the  foundation  of  a  pros- 
perity which  has  ever  since  continued  to  advance,  and  con- 
verted a  comparatively  insignificant  town  into  the  first  port 
of  the  empire.     Pop.  70,274;  or,  with  suburbs,  109,324. 

Triest,  a  district  of  Austria,  forming  part  of  Kilsten- 
land, on  the  Adriatic,  bounded  landward  by  Istria  and 
Gijritz.  Principal  town,  Triest.  Area,  26  square  miles. 
Pop.  123,098,    See  also  Gulp  of  Triest. 

Trigg,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Kentucky,  has  an 
area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W. 
by  the  Tennessee  River,  and  intersected  by  the  Cumberland 
River,  both  of  which  here  run  nearly  northward  and  are 
navigable  by  steamers.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Forests  of  good  timber  cover  one-third 
or  more  of  the  surface.  Indian  corn,  tobacco,  wheat,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  minerals  are  iron 
ore  and  limestone.  Capital,  Cadiz.  Valuation  of  real  and 
personal  estate,  $3,390,440.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,686,  of  whom 
13,653  were  Americans;  in  1880,  14,489. 

Trigg  Furnace,  a  post-village  of  Trigg  co.,  Ky.,  17 
miles  S.  of  Princeton.  It  has  2  churches,  and  an  iron- 
furnace  which  employs  about  400  men. 

Triggiano,  trid-ji'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  5  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Bari,  and  3  miles  from  the  Adriatic.     Pop.  6921. 

Trigno,  treen'yo  (anc.  Trin'iua),  a  river  of  Italy,  rises 
in  the  Apennines,  about  9  miles  W.  of  Campobasso,  flows 
N.W.  and  N.E.  past  Trivento  and  Celenza,  and  enters  the 
Adriatic  5  miles  S.E.  of  II  Vasto.     Length,  50  miles. 

Trigo,  tree'go,  a  station  in  San  Joaquin  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Stockton  &  Visalia  Railroad,  23  miles  E.S.E.  of  Stock- 
ton. 

Trigo'nia,  a  post-village  of  Loudon  co.,  Tenn.,  8  miles 
from  Lenoir's  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a 
saw-mill,  <fec. 

Trigueros,  tre-gw4'rooe,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  10  miles  N.E.  of  Huelva.    Pop.  4105. 

Trikeri,  tree'k4-ree,  a  town  of  Europe,  in  Thessaly 
(Greece),  at  the  extremity  of  a  peninsula  forming  the  B. 
entrance  of  the  Gulf  of  Volo,  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lamia. 
It  has  one  of  the  best  harbors  in  this  part  of  the  archi- 
pelago, and  building-yards  at  which  vessels  are  fitted  out. 
Pop.  about  5000.  'The  Channel  of  Trikeri,  leading  ofi"  from 
the  archipelago,  communicates  with  the  Gulf  of  Volo  on  the 
N.  and  the  Channel  of  Talanda  on  the  S.W. 

Trikhala,  or  Tricala,  tree'ki-Il,  a  river  of  Greece, 
in  Thessaly,  a  small  affluent  of  the  Salembria,  immediately 
N.W.  of  Trikhala. 

Trikhala,  or  Tricala,  written  also  Tirhala  (ano. 
Tric'ca  or  Trik'ka),  a  town  of  Europe,  in  Thessaly  (Greece), 
37  miles  W.N.W.  of  Larissa.  Lat.  39°  31'  N.;  Ion.  2l'> 
48'  E.  Pop.  from  10,000  to  12,000,  chiefly  Turks,  It 
covers  a  large  space,  and  has  several  Greek  churches  and 
synagogues,  manufactures  of  blankets  and  coarse  woollen 
and  cotton  stuffs,  and  an  active  transit  trade.  Trikhala 
is  also  a  name  sometimes  given  to  Thessaly. 

Trikkolam,  India.    See  Tuicolum. 

Trillfingen,  trill'flng-^n,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Uo- 
henzollern,  on  a  very  bleak  and  elevated  site.     Pop.  1100. 

Trilport,  treerpon',  a  village  of  France,  on  the  Paris 
&,  Strasburg  Railway,  28  miles  from  Paris.     Pop.  1012. 

Trim,  a  town  of  Ireland,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Meath,  on 
the  Boyne,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Dublin.  Pop.  2195.  It  contains 
the  ruins  of  Trim  Castle,  founded  in  the  reign  of  Henry  II., 
the  remains  of  St.  Mary's  Abbey,  a  handsome  parish  church, 
a  chapel,  several  schools,  various  charit.able  institutions,  a 
county  court-house,  jail,  barracks,  workhouse,  and  a  pillai 
to  the  Duke  of  Wellington. 


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2650 


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Trim  Belle,  a  post-hanilet  in  Trim  Uello  tovmship, 
Pioroe  oo.,  Wig.,  on  a  small  river  or  the  same  name,  15 
miles  E.  of  Havtingx,  about  12  miles  E.  of  I'rcsuott,  and  14 
miles  N.  of  Red  Wing,  Minn.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist- 
mill, and  several  saw-mills.     Pop.  of  the  township,  973. 

Trim  Belle  River,  Pieroe  oo.,  Wis.,  runs  southward, 
and  enters  the  Mississippi  River  about  12  miles  below 
Presoott. 

Trimble,  trim'b^I,  a  small  county  in  the  N.  part  of 
Kentucky.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Oiiio  River, 
which  separates  it  from  Indiana.  The  surface  is  liilly,  and 
u  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  tobacco,  wheat,  and  porlc  arc  the  stapio  prod- 
ucts. Capital,  Bedford.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal 
•state,  $2,086,308.  Pop.  in  1870,  6577,  of  whom  5497  were 
natives  and  SO  were  foreigners;  in  1880,  7171. 

Trimble,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  oo..  III.,  on  the 
Paris  A  Danville  Railroad,  44  miles  N.  of  Robinson.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Trimble,  a  post-hamlet  in  Trimble  township,  Athens 
CO.,  0.,  on  Sunday  Creek,  about  36  miles  W.  of  Marietta.  It 
has  a  church.    Coal  is  found  here.     Pop.  of  township,  1379. 

Trimble,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dyer  oo.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Pa- 
ducah  &  Memphis  Railroad,  78  miles  S.S.W.  of  Paducah. 
It  has  a  church. 

Trimble's  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Duplin  co.,  N.C.,  9  miles 
from  Duplin  lload.     It  has  a  turpentine-distillery. 

Trimello,  trlm'61-lo,  a  post-office  of  Clay  oo.,  Iowa,  30 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Cherokee. 

Trimmis,  trim'mis,  a  village  and  parish  of  Switzer- 
land, canton  of  Grisons,  3  miles  from  Chur.     Pop.  1105. 

Trimun'galnm,  or  Tirumangalam,  tir-u-mun'- 
ga-lum,  a  town  of  India,  district  and  II  miles  S.W.  of 
Madura.     Pop.  5772. 

Trinacria,  an  ancient  name  of  Sicily. 

Triiichara,  Colorado.     See  Trenchaka. 

Trincomalee,  tring^ko-ma-lee',  a  seaport  town  of 
Ceylon,  on  its  N.E.  coast,  in  lat!  8°  33'  7"  N.,  Ion.  81°  14' 
7"  E.  The  town  is  at  the  foot  of  a  rock  at  the  entrance  of 
a  bay  termed  by  Nelson  "  the  finest  harbor  in  the  world." 
It  has  forts,  barracks,  and  a  naval  yard.  Mean  temperature 
of  the  year,  80.7°  ;  winter,  77.3°  ;  summer,  83.8°.  P.  9807. 

Triiidle  (trin'del)  Spring,  a  station  in  Cumberland 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Dillsburg  Branch  Railroad,  9i  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Harrisburg. 

Tring,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Herts,  on  the  London 
&  Northwestern  Railway,  32  miles  N.W.  of  London.  The 
town  is  neat,  and  has  a  market-house,  a  Lnncasterian  free 
school,  and  various  small  charities.     Pop.  4045. 

Tringany,  trin-gi'nee,  called  also  Tringano,  tring- 
gi'no,  a  maritime  state  of  the  Malay  Peninsula,  extending 
along  the  Gulf  of  Siam,  between  lat.  5°  and  6°  N.  and  Ion. 
102°  and  103°  E.,  having  N,  Kalantan.  Pop.  about  30,000. 
The  products  are  ivory,  pepper,  camphor,  gambier,  gold, 
and  about  7000  piculs  of  tin  annually. 

Tringany,  a  town  of  the  Malay  Peninsula,  in  the  above 
Btate,  on  the  sea-coast.  Lat.  5°  25'  N. ;  Ion.  103°  E.  Pop. 
from  15,000  to  20,000  (?),  including  many  Chinese. 

Trinidad,  trin'e-dad'  (Sp.  pron.  tre-ne-Dln' ;  Fr.  La 
Triniti,  IS.  tree^neeHi'),  the  largest  of  the  British  West  India 
Islands,  excepting  Jamaica.  It  is  the  southernmost  of  the 
Windward  group,  but  does  not  belong  to  the  colony  of  the 
Windward  Islands.  It  lies  off  the  N.E.  coast  of  Venezuela, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Gulf  of  Paria,  opposite  the  N.  mouths 
of  the  Orinoco.  It  is  of  an  oblong  form,  with  considerable 
projections  at  all  its  angles  except  the  S.E.  Point  Galera, 
the  N.E.  extremity,  is  in  lat.  10°  50'  N.,  Ion.  60°  54'  W. 
Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  50  miles ;  average  breadth,  about  30 
miles,  exclusive  of  its  projections.  Area,  1754  square  miles. 
Approached  from  the  N.,  Trinidad  appears  like  an  immense 
ridge  of  rocks;  its  E.  and  S.  shores  are  also  rocky  and  high  ; 
but  on  the  S.  side,  or  the  side  next  the  Gulf  of  Paria,  it 
presents  one  of  the  most  beautiful  and  magnificent  pano- 
ramas imaginable, — hills,  valleys,  and  plains  being  covered 
with  a  verdure  that  knows  no  decay.  The  mountain-chains 
run  from  W.  to  E.  In  the  N.,  near  the  sea,  they  attain  an 
elevation  of  about  3000  feet,  and  are  broken  and  rugj;ed. 
In  the  centre  of  the  island  is  a  less  elevated  group  of  moun- 
tains, and  in  the  S.  a  series  of  beautiful  hills,  among  which 
occur  numerous  delightful  valleys.  In  the  intervals  be- 
tween the  ranges  of  mountains  above  described  are  several 
extensive  plains,  stretching  nearly  across  the  entire  island 
from  E.  to  W. :  they  contain  some  natural  meadows,  and 
are  watered  by  numerous  streams,  but  generally  terminate 
towards  the  Gulf  of  Paria  in  swamps.  Some  of  them,  also, 
still  continue  in  their  natural  state,  covered  with  trees. 
The  principal  rivars  arc  the  Caroni.  and  the  Oropuohe. 


Near  Point  Icaquo,  forming  the  S.W.  extr«mitv  of 
island,  are  several  mud-volcunoos.    The  largest,  nlxiut 
feet  in  diameter,  has  boiling  mud  constantly  bubbling 
never  overflowing.     Some  of  those  volcanoes  throw  out 
water  heavily  loaded  with  argillaceoug  earth.    Subini 
volcanoes  also  occur  on  both  sides  of  the  isUnd  j  one  oq 
AV.  coast,  near  Cape  Brea,  occasionally  boiU  up  and 
charges  a  quantity  of  petroleum  ;  the  other,  on  the 
coast,  near  Capo  Maycro,  gives,  in  March  and  June,  Pev 
detonations  resembling  thunder,  suocecddl  by  llaiiui 
smoke,  afterwards  ejecting  pieces  of  bitumen  a*  bU.k 
brilliant  as  jet.     The  most  remarkable  phenuinonon  «.: 
kind  is  the  Asphaltum  or  Pitch  Lake,  situated  on  tli. 
ward  side  of  the  island,  on  a  small  peninsulu  jullinj,' 
the  sea  a  little  N.E.  of  Guapo  Bay.     It  is  about  IJ  ni 
in  circumference,  and  elevated  80  feet  above  th«  level 
the  sea.     The  ])itch  at  the  sides  of  the  lake  is  pcrft 
hard  and  cold,  but  towards  the  middle  the  hoot  grrnln 
increases,  and  the  pitch  becomes  softer  and  softer  unti 
last  it  is  seen  boiling  up  in  a  liquid  state.  Sovoral  attou 
have  been  made  to  ascertain  the  depth  of  the  lake,  bat 
bottom  has  ever  been  found.     The  island  also  aflordi  m 
leum.     Pitch  is  extensively  exported,  chiefly  from  a  i 
called  La  Brea;  but  cotton,  sugar,  coflco,  mulasios,  nnil  i 
are  also  produced,  with  cocoa-nuts,  cacao,  and  fine  tin 
The  total  value  of  the  exports  is  about  £1,430,000;  of 
ports,  £1,350,000.  Revenue  and  expenditure  about  £3^li 
each;  debt,  £150,000. 

The  climate  of  Trinidad  is  less  unhealthy  thon  that 
many  of  the  other  West  India  Islands,  and  is  not  sub 
to  droughts.  The  beneficial  and  abundant  dews,  ;iri» 
from  the  numerous  rivers  of  the  island  and  surround 
ocean,  cool  and  invigorate  the  atmosphere  and  give  aa 
usual  luxuriance  to  vegetation.  The  soil  is  fertile,  ami 
elevated  parts  of  the  surface  are  mostly  covered  with  d« 
forests,  which  contain  the  finest  wood  for  sliip-bulldingr 
for  ornamental  purposes.  The  principal  animals  inhiibili 
the  island  are  a  species  of  small  deer,  the  mangrove  i( 
the  paca,  opossums,  armadillos,  porcupines,  lizards,  a 
bears,  sloths,  tiger-cats,  peccaries,  water-dogs,  monk* 
land-tortoises,  <fec.  The  birds  are  partridges,  water-ho 
flamingoes,  woodcocks,  wild  ducks,  pelicans,  vulture.",  p 
rots,  paroquets,  and  humming-birds.  The  settled  portil 
are  chiefly  confined  to  the  N.W.  and  S.W.  of  the  icliind 

Trinidad  is  a  crown  colony,  the  public  affairs  being  1 
ministered  by  a  governor,  assisted  by  an  executive  and  lej; 
lative  councils.     The  laws  are  a  mixture  of  Spani.sh  i 
English.     The  island  was  discovered  by  Columbus  in  Je 
1498.     It  successively  belonged  to  the  Spaniards  and  i 
French,  and  capitulated  to  the  British  in  1797.    Port 
Spain,  on  the  N.W.  side  of  the  island,  is  the  capital. 
one  of  the  finest  towns  in  the  West  Indies.    Trinidn 
good  harbors  on  its  W.  and  S.  coasts,  particularly  on 
former.     Pop.  in  1884,  171,914. 

Trinidad,  Brazil.    See  Trinidadb. 

Trinidad,  tre-ne-Dio',  a  river  of  the  United  6tat«ir 
Colombia,  Isthmus  of  Panama,  which  joins  the  Chag: 
about  25  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Caribbean  Sea.  Il 
navigable  for  canoes  from  the  sea  to  Capua,  S.W.  of  Clii 
rera.     Its  harbor  is  fitted  only  for  small  craft. 

TrinUdad',  a  post-village  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal., 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  about  20  miles  N.  of  Eureka.  It  boi 
church  and  2  large  saw-mills.  Much  redwood  lumber 
shipped  here.     Pop.  ICO ;  of  township,  374. 

'rrinidad,  a  j>ost-village,  capital  of  Las  Animas  < 
Col.,  is  on  the  Purgatory  River,  near  the  Raton  MounUi 
and  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &,  Santa  Fe  Railroad,  90  mi 
S.  of  Pueblo,  and  4  miles  S.  of  El  Moro,  which  is  tbet 
minus  of  the  Denver  A  Rio  Grande  Railroad.  It  hai 
national  bank,  2  banking-houses,  a  money-order  j)ost-offi 
the  Rice  Institute,  an  academy,  4  churches,  2  grist-milU 
planing-mill,  a  brewery,  and  2  hotels.  Good  coal  is  fon 
near  this  place.  Wool  is  the  chief  article  of  export.  I' 
in  1880,  2226. 

Trinidade,  tro-ne-di'dA,  an  island  of  the  Allan 
Ocean,  10  degrees  E.  of  Brazil,  to  which  it  belongs.  L 
of  the  S.  point,  20°  31'  S. ;  Ion.  29°  19'  W. 

Trinidade,  tre-ne-di'di,  a  town  of  Brazil,  prom 
and  19  miles  N.E.  of  Rio  Janeiro.     Pop.  4000. 

Trinita,  tre-ne-ti',  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont^ 
miles  N.W.  of  Mondovi.     Pop.  2051. 

Trinitapoli,  Italy.    See  Casale  dei-la  Trinita 

Triait6,  La,  li  tree'neeUi',  a  town  of  Martmiqu>. 
its  E.  coast,  16  miles  E.  of  St.  Pierre.     Pop.  6161. 

Trinity,  La,  British  West  Indies.    See  Trinidad. 

Trinity,  trin'^-te,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  ■ 
fornia,  has  an  area  of  nearly   1850  square  miles.    J 


isr ' 


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2651 


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dinod  by  the  Trinity  River  and  Mad  River.  The  Coast 
J;ige  extends  along  the  eastern  border  of  this  county. 
T  surface  is  mostly  mountainous.  The  soil  is  not  culti- 
VI  (d  to  much  extent.  Gold  is  the  chief  article  of  export. 
T  reported  value  of  the  gold  mined  in  this  county  in 
ik  was  $159,420,  which  was  mostly  found  in  placers. 
Cf  tal,  Weavorville.     Pop.  in  1870,  3213 ;  in  1880,  4999. 

'rinity,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Texas,  hivs  nn  area 
olibout  950  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by 
ti  Neches  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Trinity  River, 
HI  is  intersected  by  Big  Piney  Creek.  The  surface  is  un- 
duting  or  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
fcsts.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  cattle,  Indian  corn, 
ai  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Trinity.  Valu- 
atn  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $260,716.  Pop.  in  1870, 
411,  of  whom  4133  were  Americans;  in  1880,  4915.  It  is 
iarsected  by  the  International  <fc  Great  Northern  Railroad. 

rrinity,  or  Trinity  Station,  a  post-village  of  Mor- 
gi  CO.,  Ala.,  on  the  Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad,  30 
m|!!S  W.S.W.  of  Iluntsville,  and  6  miles  AV.S.W.  of  De- 
c.nllr.  It  contains  a  church,  the  Mountain  Spring  High 
S(bol,  a  steam  flour-mill,  and  a  masonic  lodge. 

I'rinity,  a  post-village  of  Catahoula  parish.  La.,  on  the 
Awank  of  the  Ouachita  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Tensas 
ider,  about  30  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Natchez,  Miss.  It  has 
alurch  and  a  steam-mill.  Pop.  in  1880,  228.  The  river 
bijw  Trinity  is  called  Black  River. 

I'rinity,  a  township  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1471. 

JTriuity,  or  Trinity  Col  lege,  a  post-village  of  Ran- 
d(lh  CO.,  N.C,  about  80  miles  W.  of  Raleigh.  It  is  the 
scj  of  Trinity  College  (Methodist  Episcopal),  which  was 
orlnized  in  1853.     Here  is  Trinity  College  Post-Offico. 

trinity,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Trinity  co.,  Tex.,  near 
Tiiity  River,  and  on  the  International  <t  Great  Northern 
11  Iroad,  86  miles  N.  of  Houston.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
m  ey-order  post-office. 

rinity,  a  port  of  entry  of  Newfoundland,  capital  of 
th district  of  the  same  name,  63  miles  N.W.  of  St.  John's. 
It  as  one  of  the  best  harbors  on  the  island,  with  anchorage 
fo  arge  vessels.     The  circuit  court  sits  here.     Pop.  1434. 

'riuity  liny,  a  large  bay  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Ncw- 
foidland.     Chief  ports,  Trinity  and  Heart's  Content. 

'rinity  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Trinity  co.,  Cal.,  on 
th  Trinity  River,  about  35  miles  N.N.W.  of  Shasta.  It 
htfv  s.aw-mill.     Gold  is  found  near  this  place.     Pop.  100, 

'rinity  College,  North  Carolina.    See  Trinity. 
rinity  Mills,  a  post- village  of  Dallas  co.,  Tex.,  15 
m  s  N.N.W.  of  Dallas.     It  has  a  church,  2  steam  flour- 
m  8,  and  4  stores.     Pop.  about  150. 

rinity  River,  California,  rises  in  or  near  the  Coast 
Rige,  and  intersects  Trinity  co.  It  runs  southwestward 
to  \'eaverville,  below  which  it  flows  northwestward,  and 
etjrs  the  Klamath  River  in  Humboldt  co.,  about  20  miles 
S. .  of  Orleans.     Its  length  is  estimated  at  130  miles. 

rinity  River,  Texas,  is  formed  by  branches  called 
tblElm  or  East  Fork  and  West  Fork,  which  unite  in  Dal- 
la:3o.,  about  4  miles  above  Dallas.  It  runs  in  a  S.S.E. 
diption,  forming  the  boundary  between  the  cos.  of  Ellis, 
N  arro.  Freestone,  Leon,  Madison,  and  San  Jacinto  on 
th  right,  and  Kaufman,  Henderson,  Anderson,  Houston, 
Ti  jty,  and  Polk  on  the  left,  and  enters  Galveston  Bay 
alit  34  miles  N.  of  Galveston.  It  is  about  500  miles  long. 
St  raboats  can  ascend  it  nearly  350  miles,  except  when  the 
wjpr  is  at  a  low  stage.  It  traverses  a  very  fertile  region. 
TI  East  Fork  rises  near  Red  River,  in  the  N.  part  of 
TdS,  and  runs  southward  through  Denton  co.  It  is 
ncrly  130  miles  long.  The  West  Fork  runs  southeast- 
wijl  through  the  cos.  of  Jack,  Wise,  and  Tarrant.  Its 
lejth  is  estimated  at  150  miles. 

rinity  River,  a  station  of  the  Houston,  East  &  West 
Tijis  Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Livingston,  Tex.  Ij  ia 
or  r  near  Trinity  River. 

rinity  Springs,  or  Har'risonvillc,  a  post-village 
of  lartin  co.,  Ind.,  6  miles  N.AV.  of  Huron,  and  about  45 
m  js  E.  of  Vincennes.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill  on 
It  an  Creek,  and  3  sulphur  springs. 

rinity  Station,  Alabama.    See  Trinity. 
rin'ityville,  a  hamlet  of  Dallas  co.,  Tex.,  1}  miles 
fr»  Scott's  Station.     It  has  2  churches  and  2  grist-mills. 
rinius.     See  Trigno. 

Irinkseifcn,  trink'sl'f^n,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  14 
m|s  from  Carlsbad.     Pop.  1569. 

Frino,  tree'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  11  miles 
S. .  of  Vercelli,  near  the  Po.  Pop.  7541.  It  is  well  built, 
ar'.has  a  large  trade  in  cattle. 

rin^omallee',  a  town  of  India,  in  South  Arcot,  100 
lu'^s  S.W.  of  Madras.     Pop.  9312. 


Trins,  or  Hohen  Trins,  ho'^n  treens,  a  village  aod 
parish  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Grisons,  4  miles  W.  of 
Reichenau,  near  the  Vorder-Rhein.  It  has  the  ruins  of  2 
old  castles.  The  Tuinseu-See  ("  Lake  of  Trins")  is  in  the 
vicinity.     Pop.  909. 

Tri'on,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Tenn. 

'fri'one,  a  post-hamlet  of  Moniteau  co.,  Mo.,  14  miles  & 
of  California.     It  has  a  church. 

Trion  Factory,  a  post-village  of  Chattooga  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  Chattooga  River,  25  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Rome.  It 
has  a  church,  an  academy,  and  a  manufactory  of  cotton 
cloth  and  rope.     Pop.  about  600. 

Triora,  tre-o'ri,  a  village  of  Italy,  13  miles  N.  by  W. 
of  San  Remo.  It  was  anciently  surrounded  by  walls  and 
defended  by  2  castles,  of  which  portions  still  remain. 

Trip^atoor',  a  town  of  India,  Salem  district.  Lat. 
12°  29'  N. ;  Ion.  78°  36'  E.     Pop.  12,837. 

Trip'etty,  or  Trip'aty,  a  town  of  India,  in  NortU 
Arcot,  65  miles  N.W.  of  Madras.     Pop.  10,423. 

Trip'lett,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chariton  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Brunswick  &  Chillicothe  Railroad,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Bruns- 
wick.    It  has  a  church  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Triplett's  Creek,  Rowan  co.,  Ky.,  runs  southwest- 
ward,  and  enters  the  Licking  River. 

Tripoli,  trip'o-le,  called  by  the  natives  Tara^'oo* 
or  Tarablus,  ta-ri'bloos  (anc.  Tripolls),  a  country  iu 
the  N.  of  Africa,  forming  one  of  the  Barbary  States,  an4 
constituting  a  vilayet  or  province  of  the  Turkish  Empire. 
In  an  enlarged  sense  it  includes  both  Barca  and  Fczzaij 
(which  see);  but  Tripoli  proper  lies  between  lat.  28°  anij 
33°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  10°  and  20°  E.,  is  bounded  N.  by  the 
Mediterranean,  W.  by  Tunis,  S.  by  Fezzan  and  the  Libyan 
Desert,  and  E.  by  the  Libyan  Desert  and  Barca.  Length, 
from  W.  to  E.,  about  700  miles ;  breadth  varies  from  lOll 
miles,  near  the  centre,  to  200  miles,  near  the  extremities. 
Area,  105,000  square  miles;  or,  with  dependencies,  344,400. 
The  coast-line  stretches  in  an  irregular  but  almost  unbroken 
course  for  about  800  miles,  and  presents  so  few  bays  and 
protecting  headlands  as  not  to  furnish  more  than  one  goo4 
harbor, — that  on  which  the  capital  is  situated;  the  E.  half 
forms  the  very  remarkable  indentation  known  as  the 
Greater  Syrtis,  or  Gulf  of  Sidra.  The  W.  half,  extending 
from  the  Gulf  of  Cabes,  or  Lesser  Syrtis,  E.  to  Mesurata 
Point,  is  low  and  sandy;  the  other  half  interrupts  the 
monotony  of  its  sandy  beaches  by  numerous  rocky  points. 
The  interior  of  the  country  is  very  imperfectly  known. 
The  E.  part,  being  mostly  a  continuation  of  the  desert,  con- 
tains large  tracts  of  almost  barren  sands.  In  the  S.,  how- 
ever, it  is  traversed  by  the  Black  Mountains.  Farther  W. 
the  surface  becomes  still  more  diversified.  Two  mountain- 
ranges  stretch  from  W.  to  E.,  in  directions  nearly  parallel 
to  the  coast, — the  one  in  the  S.  called  the  Suara  and  the 
other  in  the  N.  called  the  Gharian  Mountains.  'The  latter 
range  has  a  width  of  from  12  to  15  miles,  and  attains  a 
height  of  about  4000  feet;  it  is  not  more  than  20  miles 
from  the  coast,  and  is  composed  for  the  most  part  of  volcanio 
rocks  and  isolated  conical  peaks.  The  soil  upon  them,  pro- 
duced by  the  decomposition  of  lava  and  basalt,  is  very  fer- 
tile, and,  where  cultivated,  produces  heavy  crops  of  grain, 
more  especially  when  irrigated. 

Abundant  rains  fall  from  November  to  March,  and  are 
collected  in  numerous  tanks  and  cisterns,  to  provide  against 
the  droughts  which  prevail  from  May  to  September. 

On  the  sides  of  steep  hills,  vines,  olives,  almonds,  figs^ 
and  other  fruits  are  often  seen,  and  in  these  hilly  tracts 
much  of  the  surface  is  left  in  pastures,  which  rear  cattle  in 
such  numbers  as  to  become  an  important  article  of  export. 
But  by  far  the  richest  tract  of  Tripoli  is  that  of  the  Mesheea, 
which  stretches  about  15  miles  along  the  coast,  with  a  width 
not  exceeding  5  miles,  and  has  the  capital  nearly  in  its  centre. 
The  whole  of  this  district  is  occupied  with  fertile  fields,  on 
which  wheat,  barley,  millet,  and  Indian  corn  are  grown ; 
plantations  of  productive  palm  trees,  olive-yards,  vineyards, 
orchards,  and  gardens,  yielding  in  abundance  oranges, 
pomegranates,  lemons,  figs,  jujubes,  apricots,  plums,  and 
watermelons.  The  other  principal  products  of  the  coast  are 
cotton,  silk,  tobacco,  saffron,  madder,  and  castor  oil ;  in  the 
interior,  senna,  dates,  and  galls;  and  the  carob  and  lotus 
are  indigenous. 

The  surplus  produce  of  the  date-  and  olive-plantations, 
also  esparto  grass,  barley,  and  other  grains,  straw  mats, 
earthen  jars,  and  other  domestic  manufactures,  are  exported 
by  sea.  Cattle,  sheep,  and  poultry  are  sent  to  Malta.  Rock 
salt  is  an  important  article  of  export.  The  principal  manu- 
factures are  carpets,  thick  cloaks,  and  other  articles  of 
clothing,  camlets,  articles  of  goats'  hair,  sacking,  prepared, 
skins,   morocco  leather,  eafchenwares,   and  potash.     Th,t 


TRI 


2f)52 


TRO 


fbrelgo  oomraeroe  is  mostly  with  Malta,  Tunis,  and  tho  Le- 
vant ;  the  chief  trade  is  in  the  barter  of  European  goods 
for  those  of  Central  Africa,  whence  caravans  arrive  with 
gold-dust,  ivory,  senna,  natron,  ostrich  feathers,  Ac,  for 
sliiiimont. 

Ibo  rural  population  consists  chiefly  of  Arabs,  and  the 
town  population  of  Moors,  with  a  considerable  intermixture 
of  Jews.  Neither  Turlcs  (Mamelulces)  nor  Christians  are 
numerous.  The  state  religion  is  Mohammedan.  The  gov- 
ernment is  an  unmitigated  and  barbarous  dc^ipotism.  Tho 
bey,  dey,  or  pasha,  generally  chosen  from  among  the  Turk- 
ish officers  resident  in  the  capital,  and  confirmed  by  the 
sultan,  sets  an  example  of  tyranny  and  extortion  which  is 
naturally  and  eagerly  imitated  by  his  subordinates.  Tho 
more  regular  and  legitimate  sources  of  income  are  direct 
tribute  from  the  Arabs  and  district  governors,  a  land-tax,  a 
tax  on  Jews  and  merchants,  and  export  and  import  duties. 
Estimated  pop.  of  Tripoli  proper,  600,000 ;  with  depend- 
encies, about  1,300,000. Adj.  and   inhab.   Tripoline, 

trip-o-loen',  and  Tripolitan,  tre-pol'e-tan. 

Tripoli  (anc.  (E'a),  a  seaport  town  on  the  N.  coast  of 
Africa,  capital  of  the  above  state,  300  miles  S.  of  tho  coast 
of  Sicily,  and  600  miles  S.E.  of  Algiers.  Lat.  32°  63'  54" 
N. ;  Ion.  13°  11'  E.  It  stands  on  a  roclcy  promontory 
Washed  by  the  sea  on  the  N.  and  E.  and  connected  with 
the  mainland  on  the  S.  and  W.  by  a  sandy  plain,  partly 
tinder  cultivation ;  it  is  enclosed  on  the  land-side  by  a  lofty 
wall  flanked  with  bastions,  and  on  the  sea-front  defended 
by  a  formidable  line  of  batteries,  terminating  at  the  S.E. 
angle  in  a  strong  castle,  in  which  the  pasha  resides.  The 
town,  enclosing  an  area  about  1300  yards  long  by  1000 
yards  broad,  is  entered  by  two  gates ;  it  consists  of  a  great 
number  of  narrow  and  uneven  lanes,  lined  for  the  most  part 
with  mean  houses  huddled  together  without  any  order,  and, 
from  the  absence  of  front  windows,  looking  more  like  dead 
walls  than  inhabited  dwellings.  The  pasha's  castle  consists 
of  an  ancient  pile  of  vast  extent,  built  so  irregularly  that 
all  appearance  of  symmetry  is  lost.  Tho  great  mosque  is  a 
handsome  and  majestic  structure,  in  which  the  roof,  formed 
by  a  number  of  small  cupolas,  is  supported  by  16  Doric 
marble  columns,  said  to  have  once  belonged  to  a  Christian 
church.  The  other  buildings  most  deserving  of  notice  are 
6  principal  and  many  smaller  mosques,  2  or  more  Christian 
churches,  a  convent,  3  synagogues,  a  number  of  public 
baths,  bazaars,  and  caravansaries.  There  are  ancient  re- 
mains, among  which  the  most  remarkable  is  a  magnificent 
triumphal  arch,  erected  in  164  to  the  Roman  emperors 
Aurelius  Antoninus  and  Lucius  Verus,  consisting  of  huge 
blocks  of  marble,  beautifully  sculptured  on  the  sides  and 
ceiling,  and  now  used  as  a  store-house.  The  only  manu- 
factures of  any  consequence  are  carpets,  which  have  long 
been  celebrated,  mantles  and  other  woollen  stuffs,  ordinary 
and  morocco  leather,  and  potash.  The  trade  has  the  ad- 
vantage of  tho  only  good  harbor  for  several  hundred  miles 
along  tho  coast.  It  is  formed  by  the  E.  side  of  the  promon- 
tory on  which  the  town  stands,  and  two  long  lines  of  reefs 
on  the  E.  and  N.E.,  furnishing  tolerable  shelter.  Where 
deepest,  it  has  not  more  than  5  or  6  fathoms,  but  has  capa- 
city sufficient  to  admit  whole  fleets  of  merchant-vessels  in 
the  outer  roads,  which  have  good  holding-ground  in  from 
16  to  18  fathoms.  A  great  part  of  the  trade  of  the  state, 
and  even  of  the  more  distant  interior  as  far  as  Timbuctoo 
and  Bornoo,  has  its  emporium  at  Tripoli,  to  which  the 
goods  are  conveyed  across  tho  desert  in  caravans.  About 
1000  vessels,  of  a  tonnage  of  125,000,  enter  and  clear  the 
port  annually.  Pop.  estimated  at  20,000.  Tripoli  Vec- 
cniA,  trip'o-le  vJk'ke-S,,  or  Old  Tripoli,  is  a  small  mari- 
time town,  45  miles  W.  of  Tripoli. 

Tripoli,  trip'o-le,  Tarabloos,  Tarablous,  or 
Tarablus,  ti-ri'bloos  (anc.  Tn'p'oUa),  a  seaport  town  of 
Byria,  on  the  Mediterranean,  at  the  foot  of  a  spur  of  Mount 
Xebanon,  and  at  tho  mouth  of  the  Kadisha,  50  miles  N.E. 
«f  Beyroot.  Lat.  34°  26'  4"  N.;  Ion.  35°  49'  E,  Pop. 
■2  ),000.  It  is  neatly  built,  and  surrounded  by  fine  gardens, 
but  the  marshy  character  of  its  vicinity  renders  it  un- 
healthy. The  houses  are  chiefly  of  stone,  and  the  town  has 
many  remains  of  mcdiaaval  architecture ;  in  and  around  it 
''are  numerous  granite  columns  and  traces  of  antiquity,  and 
nn  old  castle  standi  on  an  adjacent  height.  It  has  a  custom- 
•house,  and  foreign  consulates,  and  is  a  Greek  bishop's  see. 
In  May,  1864,  the  government  powder-magazine  exploded, 
destroying  a  largo  part  of  the  town  and  300  to  400  lives. 
Tripoli  doubtless  owes  its  name  to  its  consisting  of  3  dis- 
'.tinct  towns,  while  the  Marina,  or  El  Mina,  the  principal 
.Beat  of  trade,  is  a  separate  quarter  S.W.,  on  a  projecting 
'point  of  land  bordering  the  jport.  The  harbor  is  small, 
'•hallow,  and  frequently  unsafe,  but  the  town  retains  some 


export  trade  in  silk,  wool,  cotton,  tobacco,  galls,  coctili 
and  soap.  It  was  taken  by  the  Crusmlcrs  in  Hog 
which  time  a  largo  and  valuable  library  was  burned 

Tripoli,  a  ruined  city  of  Asia  Minor,  near  tbo  Men 
36  miles  S.E.  of  Ak-Shehr.     See  also  Tiiikboli. 

Tripoli,  trip'o-le,  a  post-village  of  Brcmor  oo    !< 
near  the  Wapsipinioon  llivor,  about  15  miles  N.E.  of 
verly.     It  has  several  stores. 

Tripoli,  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.    See  New  Tripoli. 

Tripolitza,  or  Tripolizza,  tre-po-lit'sl,  a  towt 
Greece,  in  the  Morea,  in  a  plain  3000  feet  above  tho  »ca 
miles  S.W.  of  Argos.  Previous  to  tho  revolution  it 
the  residence  of  the  Turkish  pasha  of  the  Morea,  and 
20,000  inhabitants ;  but  it  was  storinc<l  and  taken  by 
Greek  insurgents  in  1821,  and  again  in  1828  by  the  tri 
of  Ibrahim  Pasha,  who  razed  it  to  the  ground.  It  lian  I 
since  rebuilt.  It  owes  its  name  to  being  the  modem  re 
sentative  of  the  three  cities  of  Mmitinen,  Terjea,  and  I'al 
titim,  traces  of  all  of  which  exist  in  its  vicinity.  Pop.  " 

Tripp,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  South  Dakota,  bor 
ing  on  Nebraska,  has  an  area  of  about  1800  square  m 
It  is  partly  drained  by  the  Keya  Paha  River.  The  Bur 
is  undulating  or  nearly  level ;  the  soil  is  fertile. 

Trippe,  trip,  a  post-office  of  Desha  co..  Ark. 

Tripp'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vernon  co.,  Wis.,  8  n 
S.W.  of  Elroy.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Tripstadt,  tripp'stJtt,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  in 
Palatinate,  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Deux-Ponts.    Pop.  166 

Triptis,  trip'tis,  a  town  of  Saxe- Weimar,  5  miles  E 
Neustadt,  on  the  Orla.     Pop.  1874. 

Tristan  d'Acunha,  tris-tin'  dl-koon'yH,  theprii 
pal  of  a  group  of  islets  in  the  South  Atlantic.  Lat.  37°  6 
Ion.  12°  2'  W.  Tho  surface  is  mountainous,  and  one  f 
rises  to  8236  feet  above  the  ocean.  The  other  island! 
named  Nightingale  Island  and  Inaccessible  Island.  It 
are  claimed  by  Great  Britain,  and  a  British  garrison 
maintained  there  during  the  residence  of  Napoleon  at 
Helena.     Pop.  53. 

Triste,  tris'ti,  an  island  of  Mexico,  in  the  Lagun;) 
Terminos,  off  the  coast  of  Campeachy. 

Tris'te,  or  Poolo  Mcgo,  poo'lo  mi'go,  an  i=l' 
the  S.W.  coast  of  Sumatra.     Lat.  4°  S. ;  Ion.  101°  10 

Triste,  Gulf  of.    See  Gulfof  Tuiste. 

Tristledermot,  Ireland.    See  Castle-Derkot. 

Tri'ton  Island,  the  southernmost  cf  the  Panicch 
the  China  Sea. 

Tri'umph,  a  post-hamlet  of  La  Salle  co.,  III.,  5  tfii 
S.  of  Meriden  llailroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Triumph,  a  post-office  of  Custer  co..  Neb. 

Triumph  City,  a  village  of  Warren  co..  Pa.,  in  D 
field  township,  IJ  miles  from  Tidioute.  It  has  a  chu 
Oil  is  found  near  this  place. 

Triumpho,  tre-oom'fo,  a  town  of  Brazil,  provinc* 
Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  30  miles  AV.  of  Porto  Alcgre.    P.  3 

Triumpho  de  la  Cruz,  tre-oom'fo  di  likroos,  a 
and  group  of  islets  on  the  N.  coast  of  Honduras,  diet  t 
of  Coraayagua. 

Triune,  tri'yun,  a  post-hamlet  of  Williamson  i, 
Tenn.,  12  miles  E.  of  Franklin.  It  has  2  churches  andll 
academy. 

Triv'ady,  or  Tiruvadi,  t^-ruv'a-de,  a  town  of  In 
in  Tanjore,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Pondich'erry.     Pop.  6896. 

Triv'aloor',  or  Tiruv^aloor',  a  town  of  India, 
trict  and  34  miles  E.  of  Tanjore.     Pop.  8560.  _ 

Trivandrum,  tre-vin'drum,  written  also  Trivi!' 
derum  or  Trevandrum,  a  town  of  India,  capital 
Travaneore,  on  the  Malabar  coast,  50  miles  N.W.  of  C 
Comorin,  with  a  fine  palace  and  an  extensive  garrison. 

Trivento,  tre-v6n'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
Campobasso,  on  the  Trigno,  15  miles  N.AV.  of  Campob* 
Pop.  4624.  It  has  a  cathedral,  and  manufactures  of  oa 
woollen  cloths. 

Trivero,  trc-vi'ro,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmcr 
miles  N.E.  of  Biella.     Pop.  1922. 

Trivicum,  the  ancient  name  of  Trevico. 

Triviglio,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Tkeviolio. 

Trivigno,  tre-veen'yo,  a  villnge  of  Italy,  provlnci 
11  miles  S.E.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  2516. 

Trivoli,  tri'vo-le,  a  post-village  of  Peoria  co.,  IH.i 
Trivoli  township,  about  16  miles  W.  of  Peoria.  It  hi* 
church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1234. 

Trivoji,  a  post-office  of  Ellsworth  co.,  Kansas,  15  u  i 
S.E.  of  Ellsworth. 

Troad,  the  plain  around  ancient  Troy.    See  Tnov. 

Trobriand,  tro'bre-ind',  a  group  of  islands  in  ' 
Louisiade  Archipelago,  in  the  South  Pacific,  extends  f  > 
lat.  6°  47'  to  8°  52'  S.,  Ion.  147°  24'  to  151°  10'  E.    • 


TRO- 


2653 


TRO 


Isjnds  aro  generally  low  and  of  considerable  extent,  pro- 
diing  abundance  of  tbo  finest  yams,  and  uaintaiuing  a 
dfe  population. 

I  roclilelfingen,  troK't§l-fing\n,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
ii  lohenzollern,  15  miles  N.  of  Sigmaringen.     Pop.  1271. 

'rOense,  trii'dn-s^h,  a  village  of  Denmark,  in  tlie 
ia'ful  of  Taasinge,  on  the  Thorciesund. 

"ruizen,  an  ancient  town  of  Greece.    See  Damala. 

I'rogeiij  tro'ch^n,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
eiiles  N.E.  of  Appenzell,  capital  of  Outer  Rhodes.  Pop. 
218.     It  has  an  arsenal,  and  a  trade  in  muslin  and  linens. 

rroia,  or  Troja,  tro'yi  (anc.  Vertia'ria),  an  island 
oflho  Mediterranean,  off  the  coast  of  Italy,  li  miles  S.E. 
oifiombino. 

'roia,  or  Troja,  tro'yl,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
ai  lo  miles  S.W.  of  Foggia.  It  has  a  fine  cathedra],  and 
miufactures  of  coarse  woollen  cloths.     Pop.  5971. 

'rois  Rivieres,  a  city  of  Quebec.   See  Three  Rivers. 

'rois  Rivieres,  trwi  reeVe-air',  a  town  on  the  S. 
cf  t  of  the  island  of  Guadeloupe,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Basse- 
T  re.     Pop.  3940. 

'rois  Pistoles,  trw4  pees'tOl',  a  post-village  in  Terais- 
ccita  CO.,  Quebec,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence, 
Qi  on  the  Intercolonial  Railway,  148  miles  below  Quebec. 
Itiontains  a  church,  a  convent,  flouring-,  carding-,  and 
sai^mills,  and  15  stores.     Pop.  650. 

'rois  Saumons,  trw4  8o^m6N<>',  a  post-village  in 
L  let  CO.,  Quebec,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  and  on 
tb Grand  Trunk  Railway,  66  miles  below  Quebec.    P.  200. 

'roitsk,  troitsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  87 
DISS  N.W.  of  Penza,  on  the  Moksha.     Pop.  5351. 

'roitsk,  or  Zemninki,  zdm-nin'kce,  a  town  of 
Aitio  Russia,  government  of  Orenboorg,  on  the  Ooi,  an 
af  lent  of  the  Tobol,  70  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cheliabinsk.  Pop. 
8!  i.  It  is  enclosed  by  bastioned  walls,  and  has  a  cathe- 
di,  custom-house,  barracks,  and  an  active  traffic  with 
B  hara.  Two  thousand  Kirgbeez  are  said  to  visit  it  an- 
nilly  with  their  goods. 

'roitzkoi,  troit'skoi,  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
ai  42  miles  N.N.E.  of  Moscow.  On  a  height  immedi- 
aty  above  it  is  a  vast  ecclesiastical  establishment,  founded 
in  337,  and  the  richest  in  the  empire,  after  that  of  Kiev. 
^Vhin  its  fortified  enclosures  are  numerous  churches,  im- 
pqal  and  episcopal  palaces,  and  an  ecclesiastical  seminary, 
wp  a  library  and  a  bell  of  70  tons'  weight. 

'roitzkossavsk,  troits-kos-s3,vsk',  a  town  of  Asiatic 
Rsia,  the  largest  town  of  Transbaikalia,  just  N.  of 
Kkhta.     Pop.  4765. 

'roja,  a  town  and  island  of  Italy.    See  Troia. 

'roja  and  Trojan,  Asia  Minor.    See  Troy. 

'roki,  tro'kee,  or  Novo-Troki,  no'vo  tro'kee,  a  town 
of  lussia,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Vilna,  on  Lake  Troki.    P.  2191. 

'rombetas,  trom-bd'tis,  or  Oriximina,  o-re-she- 
m  'ni,  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  near  the  frontiers  of  British 
Q  una,  flows  S.,  passes  the  town  of  Obidos,  and  falls  into 
tl  Amazon. 

'romoe,  tro'mo^^h,  an  island  of  Norway,  close  to  the 
S.oast,  opposite  Arendal.     Length,  8  miles. 

"romsoe,  trom'so\h,  a  town  of  Norway,  in  Finmark, 
Oithe  island  of  Tromsoe,  opposite  the  island  of  Ilvaloe. 
P .  4073.  It  has  a  wooden  quay  and  a  custom-house, 
ai  is  an  outport  of  Ilnmmerfest. 

'ronchiennes,  tr6N-»'she-finn',  or  Drongen,  drong'- 
Hi,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanders,  2  miles  W.  of 
Qnt,  on  the  Lys.     Pop.  4485. 

'rondhjem,  trond'ySm  (anc.  Nidaros ;  L.  Nidrosia; 
Qi,  Dronthehn,  dront'hime),  a  seaport  town  of  Norway, 
CJtal  of  Sondre  Trondhjem,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Nid  in 
tl  S.  side  of  the  Trondhjcm-Fiord,  Lat.  (cathedral)  63° 
2;N. ;  Ion.  10°  23'  E.  It  possesses  strong  fortifications, 
b(i  on  the  mainland  and  on  the  island  of  Munkholm.  It 
hi  spacious,  clean  streets,  with  water- cisterns  at  their  in- 
teections.  The  most  remarkable  edifices  and  establish- 
mits  are  the  cathedral,  much  dilapidated  by  the  ravages 
olsarly  barbarians  and  defaced  by  modern  renovations, 
bi  still  venerable,  and  the  most  remarkable  ecclesiastical 
•t  cture  in  the  kingdom ;  the  palace  of  the  old  Norwegian 
k  ;s,  now  converted  into  a  military  and  naval  arsenal;  a 
iii>eum,  including  a  picture-gallery  and  a  library  with 
K  e  rare  manuscripts;  a  workhouse,  asylums  for  the  aged 
ai  deaf-mutes,  grammar-  and  other  schools,  exchange, 
bi  k,  a  court-house,  custom-house,  handsome  theatre,  ic. 
T  manufactures  include  excellent  capes,  hat-covers,  ko., 
Ol  oat-skin,  trinkets,  rifles,  and  beer.  The  building-yards 
fiijut  vessels  which  bear  a  high  name  for  their  sailing 
p:  >erties.  The  harbor  is  indifferent,  not  admitting  vessels 
w  ch  draw  more  than  10  or  12  feet.    The  trade  consists 


chiefly  in  exports  of  timber,  dried  and  salted  fish,  tar,  and 
copper.     It  is  a  bishop's  see.     Pop.  (1885)  23,979. 

Trondhjem,  township.  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  407. 

Trondhjem-Fiord,  Norway,  extends  from  the  At- 
lantic inland  for  80  miles,  and  at  its  N.  extremity  com- 
municates with  Beitstad-Fiord.  It  receives  the  Orkel,  Guul, 
Nid,  and  Stordal  Rivers. 

Tronto,  tron'to  (anc.  Truen'tua),  a  river  of  Central 
Italy,  rises  N.E.  of  Monte  Realc,  flows  N.  and  W.,  and 
enters  the  Adriatic  17  miles  E.  of  Ascoli.     Course,  54  miles» 

Trouzano,  tron-zi'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont, 
13  miles  W.  of  Vcrcolli.     Pop.  2045. 

Troobchevsk,Troubtchevsk,orTrubtschevsk, 
troob-chfivsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  88  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Orel,  on  the  Desna.  Pop.  5451,  It  has  large 
salt-magazines,  a  manufactory  of  verdigris,  and  a  trade 
in  corn  and  flax. 

Troo^mon',  or  Taruman,  ti-roo^min',  a  town  of 
Sumatra,  on  its  W.  coast.     Lat.  2°  60'  N.;  Ion.  107°  20'  E. 

Troon,  a  seaport  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Ayr,  on  a 
small  bay  in  the  Irish  Channel,  7i  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of 
Kilmarnock.  Pop.  2790.  It  is  well  built,  and  much  fro-, 
quented  for  sea-bathing.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  with  a 
pier,  ship-building  and  wet-docks,  and  a  light-house. 

Tropea,  tro-pi'A,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Calabria,  12  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Monteleone,  at  the  S.  extremity  of  the  Gulf  of 
Santa  Eufemia.  Pop.  4646.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and 
has  a  fine  cathedral,  and  manufactures  of  counterpanes  and 
blankets,  with  an  active  tunny-  and  anchovy-fishery. 

Troppau,  trop'pow,  a  fortified  town,  capital  of  Aus- 
trian Silesia,  on  the  Oppa,  a  tributary  of  the  Oder,  36  miles 
N.E.  of  Olmutz.  Pop.  16,608.  It  has  a  cathedral,  castle, 
town  hall,  theatre,  a  gymnasium  with  a  museum,  and 
manufactures  of  woollen  and  linen  fabrics,  soap,  leather,; 
arms,  and  liqueurs. 

Trosachs,  tros'aks,  a  picturesque  valley  of  Scotland, 
CO.  of  Perth,  between  Lochs  Achray  and  Katrine.  It  is 
the  scene  of  Sir  Walter  Scott's  "  Lady  of  the  Lake." 

Trosberg,  tros'bSnc,  or  Trostberg,  trost'bdno,  a 
town  of  Upper  Bavaria,  with  a  fortress,  15  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Wasserburg.     Pop.  1252. 

Troskotowice,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Treskowitz, 

Trossingen,  tros'sing-?n,  a  town  of  AViirtemberg,  1(1 
miles  N.W.  of  Tuttlingen.     Pop.  2573. 

Trost'ville,  called  also  Frank'entrost,  a  post-ham- 
let of  Saginaw  co.,  Mich.,  10  miles  E.  of  East  Saginaw.  It 
is  inhabited  by  Germans. 

Trot'ter's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Sevier  co.,  Tenn. 

Trot'wood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  0.,  in 
Madison  township,  on  the  Dayton  &  Western  Railroad,  7 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Dayton.  It  has  2  churches.  It  is  also 
on  the  Dayton  <fc  Union  Railroad. 

Troublesome,  trab'el-som,  post-office,  Grand  co.,  Col. 

Troublesome,  a  post-oSice  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.C. 

Troublesome  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  in  lat. 
40°  18'  7"  N.,  Ion.  106°  14'  W.,  in  the  Middle  Park.  It  has 
an  altitude  of  11,500  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Troubtchevsk,  Russia.    See  Tboobchevsk. 

Trough  (trofi")  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Huntingdon  co.. 
Pa.,  about  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Huntingdon. 

"Troup,  troop,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Georgia,  bor- 
dering on  Alabama,  has  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.- 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Chattahoochee  River,  and  is  also 
drained  by  Yellow  Jacket  and  other  creeks.  The  surface 
is  hilly  or  uneven,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
and  wheat  are  the  staple  products.  Granite  is  abundant 
here.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Atlanta  k  West 
Point  Railroad.  Capital,  La  Grange.  Valuation  of  real, 
and  personal  estate,  $4,997,356.  Pop.  in  1870,  17,632,  of 
whom  17,568  were  Americans;  in  1880,  20,565. 

Troup,  or  Troupe,  a  post-village  of  Smith  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  International  &  Great  Northern  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Red  River  division  with  the  Northern  di- 
vision, 46  miles  N.E.  of  Palestine,  38  miles  S.S.W.  of  Long- 
view,  and  19  miles  S.E.  of  Tyler.  It  has  2  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  carriages  and  furniture.     P.  (1880)  352. 

Troup  Factory,  a  post-village  of  Troup  co.,  Gh., 
about  34  miles  N.  of  Columbus.  It  is  on  the  North  A 
South  Railroad  of  Georgia.  It  has  a  church  and  a  cotton- 
factory.     Pop.  about  450. 

Troupsburg,  troops'biirg,  or  Troupsburg  Centre, 
a  post-hamlet  in  Troupsburg  township,  Steuben  co.,  N.Y., 
about  40  miles  W.  of  Elmii-a.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop. 
100,  Here  is  Troupsburg  Post-Office.  The  township  hai 
7  cheese-factories.  Butter,  cheese,  and  lumber  are  itft 
staple  products.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2316.  ^ 


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TroundalCf  trSws'dill,  the  Rmallest  county  of  Tennes- 
rcc.  AroA,  about  110  square  milos.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
S.  by  tho  Cumberland  Kiver.  The  surface  Is  hilly  or  un- 
dalating.  The  soil  is  fertile.  M'heat,  Indian  corn,  oats, 
tobacco,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital, 
Hartsrille.  This  county  was  formed  in  1870  out  of  parts 
of  Sumner,  Wilson,  Macon,  and  Smith  cos.  Blue  limestone 
(Silurian)  is  abundant  here.     Pop.  in  1880,  6046. 

Trousdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Tenn.,  5 
miles  from  Morrison.     Pop.  30. 

Trout  Brook,  a  post-office  of  Dakota  co.,  Minn. 

Trout  Drook,  a  post-bamlet  of  Delavrare  co.,  N.T.,  in 
Hancock  township,  3  miles  S.  of  Trent  Brook  Station.  It 
has  a  church.  Trout  Brook  Station  is  on  the  Oswego  Mid- 
land Railroad,  70  miles  N.W.  of  Middletown. 

Trout  Brook,  a  post-office  of  Burnett  co.,  Wis. 

Trout  Cove,  Nova  Scotia.     See  Centuevillk. 

Trout  (tr<5wt)  Creek,  of  Pennsylvania,  enters  a  branch 
of  Sinneraahoning  Creek,  in  Elk  co. 

Trout  Creek,  a  post-office  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Ala. 

Trout  Creek,  a  mining-camp  of  Meagher  co.,  Mon- 
tana, near  the  Missouri  lliver,  about  20  miles  N.E.  of 
Helena.     Gold  is  found  here. 

Trout  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Tompkins  township,  about  34  miles  E.  of  Binghamton.  It 
has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Trout'dale,  a  post-office  of  Charlevoix  co.,  Mich. 

Trout  Hill,  W.  Va.    See  Wayne  Court-House. 

Trontman's,  trSwt'manz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Iredell 
CO.,  N.C.,  on  the  Atlantic,  Tennessee  &  Ohio  Railroad,  6 
miles  S.  of  Statcsville.     It  has  a  wagon-shop. 

Trout  (trSwt)  lliver,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Constable  township,  on  the  Canada  frontier,  12 
miles  N.  of  Malone.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  saw-mill. 

Trout  River,  a  post-village  in  Huntingdon  co.,  Quebec, 
on  Trout  River,  6  miles  AV.  of  Huntingdon.     Pop.  200. 

Trout  Run,  a  post-village  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Lewis  township,  on  Lycoming  Creek,  and  on  the  Northern 
Central  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of  Williamsport.  It  has  a 
church,  several  lumber-mills,  Ac. 

Trouts'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Botetourt  co.,  Va.,  8 
miles  N.  of  Bonsacks.     It  has  a  church. 

Trout  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Greenbrier  co.,  W.  Va. 

Troutville,  trowt'vll,  a  post-hamlet  in  Brady  town- 
ship, Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Reynoldsville,  and 
about  44  miles  N.N.W.  of  Altoona.     It  has  2  churches. 

Trouty,  a  fishing-settlement  on  the  N.  side  of  Trinity 
Bay,  Newfoundland,  9  miles  from  Trinity.     Pop.  180. 

Trouville,  trooVeel',  or  Trouville-sur-Mer,  troo^- 
reel'-siiR-main,  a  seaport  town  of  France,  in  Calvados,  7 
miles  N.E.  of  Pont-l'Evfique.  Pop.  5161.  It  has  sea- 
baths  which  are  much  frequented;  also  fine  villas. 

Trowbridge,  trd'brlj,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Wilts,  11  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chippenham,  connected  by  a 
branch  with  the  Great  Western  Railway.  It  has  several 
churches,  a  number  of  elementary  schools,  almshouses,  and 
other  charities,  and  manufactures  of  cassimeres,  kerseys, 
and  tweeds.     Pop.  11,508. 

Trowbridge,  tro'brlj,  a  township  of  Allegan  co., 
Mich.     Pop.  1256. 

Trowbridge,  tro'brlj,  a  post-village  in  Perth  co.,  On- 
tario, 5  miles  W.  of  Listowell.     Pop.  150. 

Trox'elville,  a  post-vfllage  of  Snyder  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Adams  township.  4  miles  N.  of  Beavertown  Station,  and 
about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Lewisburg.  It  has  3  churches  and 
2  planing-mills. 

Troy  (ano.  Tro'Jt,  Tro'ia,  or  fl'iutn ;  Or.  TpoCa),  a 
ruined  city  of  Asia  Minor,  rendered  famous  by  the  Iliad 
of  Homer.  Its  site  is  supposed  to  have  been  on  a  height 
at  the  S.  extremity  of  the  Plain  of  Troy,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of 
the  entrance  of  the  Hellespont  from  the  ^gean  Sea,  close 
to  the  modern  village  of  Boonarbashee.  On  that  height  are 
still  some  vestiges  of  ancient  w.alls  and  cisterns,  and  around 
it  are  numerous  artificial  mounds.  Schlieraann,  in  1871-75, 
made  extensive  explorations  at  Hissarlik,  near  Boonarbashee, 
and  found  many  remarkable  relics  of  a  prehistoric  town  ; 
but  antiquarians  do  not  altogether  accept  his  identification 

of  this  town  with  the  Homeric  Troy. Adj.  and  inhab. 

Tro'jan.  The  Plain  of  Troy,  between  tho  above  site  and 
the  Hellespont,  is  about  10  miles  in  length  by  3  miles  in 
greatest  width.  It  is  watered  by  three  rivers,  two  of  which 
are  the  Slinois  and  Svamander  of  antiquity. 

Troy,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pike  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Mobile  A  Girard  Railroad,  31  miles  S.S.W.  of  Union  Springs, 
and  about  50  miles  S.S.E.  of  Montgomery.  It  has  2  news- 
paper offices,  6  churches,  a  female  college,  2  high  schools, 
and  manufactures  of  farming-tools,  &o.     P.  (1880)  2294. 


Troy,  a  post-office  of  Drew  co.,  Ark. 

Troy,  a  village  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ga.,  about  27  mUe.  r 
of  Atlanta. 

Troy,  a  hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  HI.,  on  Spoon  Riv, 
about  20  miles  S.  of  Oalcsburg.     It  has  1  or  ?  milli 

Troy,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  111.,  on  tlic  f: 
Louis,  Vandalia  A  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  20  milcj  K  N  | 
of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  5  chmcli, 
and  a  carriage-shop.     Coal  is  found  here.    Poii.(1880U4 

Troy,  a  township  of  Will  CO.,  111.     Pop.  (MS. 

Troy,  a  township  of  Do  Kalb  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  6O0. 

Troy,  a  township  of  Fountain  co.,  Ind.    I'op.  3lir, 

Troy,  a  post-village  in  Troy  township,  Perry  co.,  In  i 
on  the  Ohio  River,  about  7  miles  below  Cannclton.    It  bi' 
4  churches,  a  pottery,  and  a  planing-mill.    Canntl  eoal 
mined  near  it.     Pop.  480.     Troy  township  containi  larpi 
viljages,  named  Cannclton  and  Tell  City.     Pop.  6088. 


Troy,  a  township  of  Whitley  co.,  Ind. 
Troy,  a  township  of  Clarke  co.,  Iowa. 


Pop.  894. 
Pop.  626. 


Troy, a  post-village  in  Union  township,  Davis  co.,  lowil 
near  Chequest  Creek,  about  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Otl'umwJ 
It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  cabinct-thon. 

Troy,  a  township  of  Iowa  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  939. 

Troy,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1057,  c 
elusive  of  Albia. 

Troy,  a  township  of  Wright  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  406. 

Troy,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Doniphan  co.,  Kantn 
in  Centre  township,  on  the  St.  Joseph  A  Denver  City  lUil 
road  where  it  crosses  the  Atchison  A  Nebraska  Railroail,  1 
miles  W.  of  St.  Joseph,  Mo.,  and  17  miles  N.  of  Atchi-' 
It  has  2  churches,  1  or  2  newspaper  offices,  a  banking-hou- 
and  a  graded  school.     Pop.  639.  > 

Troy,  a  township  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  336.     j 

Troy,  a  post-hamlct  of  Woodford  co.,  Ky.,  21  mija  j' 
of  Lexington.     It  has  a  church,  a  sieminary,  and  a  mill. 

Troy,  a  post-hamlct  of  Waldo  co..  Me.,  in  Troy  tnw: 
ship,  6  miles  from  Unity  Station,  and  28  miles  W.S.W. 
Bangor.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1201. 

Troy,  a  station  in  Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Chicago 
West  Michigan  Railroad,  17  miles  S.S.W.  of  St.  Josepl 
It  is  near  New  Troy. 

Troy,  a  post-hamlet  in  Troy  township,  Oakland  eo 
Mich.,  about  20  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Detroit,  and  9  or  li 
miles  S.E.  of  Pontiac.  It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mil 
Pop.  of  tho  township,  1550. 

Troy,  a  post-village  of  Winona  co.,  Minn.,  in  Suratog; 
township,  6  miles  S.  of  St.  Charles  Station,  and  about  f  i 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Winona.     It  has  a  flouring-mill  sn'i 
machine-shop. 

Troy,  a  post-office  of  Pontotoc  co..  Miss.,  12  miles  6.1: 
of  Pontotoc. 

Troy,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lincoln  co.,  Mo.,  H 
Bedford  township,  near  the  Copper  River,  abont  64  mile 
W.N.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  newi 
paper  office,  an  academy,  a  high  school,  a  savings-bank, 
churches,  a  tannery,  a  grist-mill,  a  plough-factory,  and 
carriage-shops.     Pop.  703. 

Troy,  a  hamlet  of  Saunders  co.,  Neb.,  20  miles  N.  o 
Lincoln. 

Troy,  a  mining-camp  of  Nye  co.,  Nev.,  90  miles  B.  b; 
E.  of  Eureka. 

Troy,  a  post-village  of  Cheshire  co.,  N.H.,  in  Tif^ 
township,  on  the  Cheshire  Railroad,  10  miles  S.S.B.  oi 
Keene,  and  32  miles  N.W.  of  Fitchburg,  Mass.  It  hai : 
churches,  a  tannery,  a  pottery,  a  woollen-mill,  and  dmiH 
factures  of  pails  and  tubs.     Pop.  of  the  township,  767. 

Troy,  a  hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  about  7  miles  N.B 
of  Morristown. 

Troy,  a  city  and  the  capital  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  1 
situated  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Hudson  River,  at  the  moull 
of  Poestenkill  Creek,  at  the  head  of  steamboat  nnvig* 
tion,  6  miles  above  Albany,  and  151  miles  N.  of  New  Tori 
City.  Lat.  42°  44'  N. ;  Ion.  73°  41'  W.  The  site  of  tb; 
city  is  mainly  an  alluvial  plain  which  extends  along  tl'! 
river  about  3  miles  and  is  from  one-half  to  three-fonrthj 
of  a  mile  wide,  terminated  on  the  E.  side  by  a  range  ol 
hills,  which  are  being  gradually  intersected  by  streets  an< 
covered  with  buildings.  Mount  Ida,  rising  at  the  S.  ex 
tremity  of  this  range,  commands  a  beautiful  and  exlcn 
give  view  of  the  city  proper,  the  Hudson  River,  an' 
the  neighboring  towns.  The  city  is  laid  out  with  mud 
regularity,  and  is  handsomely  built.  Most  of  the  street 
are  60  feet  wide.  The  principal  business  streets  are  Rive 
street,  whose  general  direction  is  N.  and  S.,  following  tb' 
curve  of  the  river,  and  Congress,  Hoosick,  Broadway,  Ful 
ton,  and  King  streets.  A  number  of  those  streets  whicl 
extend  parallel  with  the  general  direction  of  the  river  terrni 


TRO 


2655 


TRS 


na  at  their  N.  extremity  in  River  street, — a  circumstance 
wl  h  imparts  variety  to  the  perspective,  and  increases  the 
fa(  ty  of  intercourse  between  that  street  and  other  parts 
of  le  city.  The  streets  are  generally  well  paved,  lighted 
■,  wi  gas,  and  bordered  with  shade-trees.  The  finest  resi- 
'deijes  are  situated  on  First,  Second,  and  Fiftfl  streets,  and 
Taripd  Seminary  and  Washington  Parks.  Among  the 
pujo  buildings. worthy  of  notice  are  the  court-house,  a  fine 
mi|le  edifice  in  the  Doric  style,  the  Troy  savings-bank 
buling,  including  a  fine  music-hall,  and  erected  at  a  cost 
of  *00,000,  the  Episcopal  churches  of  the  Holy  Cross  and 
St.  aul,  both  of  blue  limestone,  and  St.  John's,  of  brown 
saatone.  Troy  contains  50  churches,  a  fine  masonic  tem- 
pk>  high  school,  the  Rensselaer  Polytechnic  Institute,  a 
feiile  seminary,  several  academies,  8  national  banks,  a 
neipity  hall,  a  Catholic  theological  seminary,  the  Marshall 
Inlinary,  the  Troy  Hospital,  2  orphan  asylums,  and  a 
pule  library.  Four  daily  and  6  weekly  newspapers  are 
pulished  here.  Two  bridges  cross  the  river  here  and  con- 
nedTroy  with  West  Troy,  in  whioh  a  large  national  arsenal 
is  jtted. 

Xs  city  has  important  manufactures  of  iron,  Bessemer 
stei  cotton  goods,  railroad-cars,  stoves,  machinery,  boilers, 
bell  stone-ware,  nails,  axles,  steam-engines,  <fec.  It  has 
blaj-furnaces,  iron-  and  brass-foundries,  horseshoe-  and 
nni|actories,  rolling-mills,  paper-mills,  breweries,  distil- 
ler:}, flour-mills,  carriage-factories,  about  40  shirt-  and 
colt-factories,  employing  nearly  6000  hands,  and  a  supe- 
rio|stablishment  for  the  manufacture  of  mathematical  in- 
strijuents  and  globes.  Troy  is  favorably  situated  for  com- 
me^,  being  near  a  terminus  of  the  Champlain  and  Erie 
Caiils.  It  is  traversed  by  a  horse-railroad,  and  is  connected 
by  jirse-railroads  with  Lansingburg,  Waterford,  and  Co- 
ho(|  Steamboats  ply  daily  between  Troy  and  Now  York, 
excjtt  in  winter.  Its  trade  is  also  facilitated  by  railroads 
naijd  the  Troy  &  Boston,  the  New  York  Central  &,  Hudson 
Ri\f,  the  Rensselaer  &  Saratoga,  the  Boston  &  Albany, 
theifoston,  Hoosac  Tunnel  <fc  Western,  the  Albany  &  Ver- 
nio,  and  the  Troy  &  Greenbush.  The  5th  ward  of  this 
citjts  sometimes  called  Albia,  which  has  a  manufactory  of 
hosry.  Troy  was  incorporated  as  a  city  in  1816.  Pop.  in 
18&  28,785;  in  1860,  39,235;  in  1870,  46,421;  in  1875, 
48,3;  in  1880,  56,747. 

I'oy,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.C., 
in  'oy  township,  about  60  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Charlotte.  It 
has  church  and  an  academy.     Pop.  67 ;  of  township,  882. 

Toy,  a  township  of  Ashland  co.,  0.     Pop.  757. 

I'oy,  a  township  of  Athens  co.,  0.     Pop.  1830. 

Voy,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  0.     Pop.  800. 

Iioy,  a  township  of  Geauga  co.,  0.     Pop.  832. 

'ij'oy,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Miami  co.,  0.,  in  Con- 
eoriownship,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Great  Miami  River, 
auc>n  the  Dayton  &  Michigan  Railroad  and  the  Miami 
Cai|l,  8  miles  S.  of  Piqua,  20  miles  N.  of  Dayton,  and  68 
mili  W.  of  Columbus.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  fine 
citj^all,  8  churches,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  2 
novbaper  oflBces,  a  high  school,  many  flour-mills,  a  foun- 
dry^ machine-shop,  and  large  spring-wagon-  and  wheel- 
woib.  The  Miami  River  is  a  rapid  stream,  which  here 
afTcls  extensive  hydraulic  power  and  flows  through  a  beau- 
tifiiand  fertile  valley.  The  village  has  a  large  trade  in 
gra  and  other  commodities.     Pop.  in  1880,  3803. 

'toy,  a  township  of  Morrow  co.,  0.     Pop.  696. 

'|oy,  a  township  of  Richland  co.,  0.     Pop.  830. 

ItOYf  a  township  of  Wood  co.,  0.     Pop.  1057. 

'Jlroy,  a  post-borough  in  Troy  township,  Bradford  co., 
P&.bn  Sugar  Creek,  and  on  the  Northern  Central  Rail- 
roa^  25  miles  S.  of  Elmira,  N.Y.,  and  about  18  miles  W.  of 
Totnda.  It  contains  a  newspaper  office,  a  hotel,  2  tan- 
ncrp,  2  flour-mills,  a  banking-house,  5  churches,  and 
majifactories  of  ploughs,  stoves,  and  farming-implements. 
LaJB  quantities  of  excellent  butter  are  exported  from  Troy. 
Pojin  1880,  1241 ;  of  the  township,  1568. 

Iroy,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  938.  It 
coDiing  Troy  Centre. 

'|oy,  a  village  in  Clover  township,  Jefferson  co..  Pa., 
on  bd  Bank  Creek,  and  on  the  Low  Grade  division  of  the 
Alljhany  Valley  Railroad,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Brookville. 
It  fe  2  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  lumber-mill.  Pop. 
abc|  600.     The  name  of  its  post-offiee  is  Summerville. 

'i|[oy,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Obion  co.,  Tenn.,  about 
60  tiles  N.N.W.  of  Jackson,  and  6i  miles  S.W.  of  Troy 
SlaJ^n  on  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad.  It  is  3i  miles  W. 
of  je  Paducah  <fc  Memphis  Railroad.  It  contains  a  court- 
hoi^,  4  churches,  the  Obion  College,  a  newspaper  office, 
ancjl,  wagon-factory.     Pop.  500. 

'joy,  a  post-office  of  Bell  oo.,  Tex.    See  Elm  Creek. 


Troy,  a  post-village  of  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  in  Troy  town, 
ship,  on  the  Missisquoi  River,  about  12  miles  W.  of  New- 
port, and  38  miles  E.  by  N.  of  St.  Albans.  The  township 
has  4  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  leather,  starch, 
and  iron.  It  contains  a  village  named  North  Troy.  Th« 
Missisquoi  River  form*  in  Troy  two  cataracts,  each  about 
70  feet  high.     Pop.  of  the  township,  in  1880,  1522. 

Troy,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gilmer  co.,  W.  Va.,  about  3a 
miles  S.W.  of  Clarksburg.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery, 
and  a  grist-mill. 

Troy,  a  township  of  St.  Croix  oo.,  Wis.     Pop.  916. 

Troy,  a  township  of  Sauk  co..  Wis.     Pop.  1052. 

Troy,  a  post-hamlet  in  Troy  township,  Walworth  oo., 
Wis.,  about  33  miles  S.W.  of  Milwaukee.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 1011. 

Troy,  Kent  co.,  Ontario.    See  Fairfield. 

Troy,  a  post-village  in  Wentworth  co.,  Ontario,  7mil«i 
N.E.  of  Harrisburg.     Pop.  100. 

Troy'burg,  a  post-office  of  Colfax  co..  New  Mexico. 

Troy  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  aboat 
40  miles  N.E.  of  Augusta. 

Troy  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  oo.,  Pa., 
about  16  miles  E.  of  Meadville.     It  has  a  church. 

Troy  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Troy  township,  Wal- 
worth CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Western  Union  Railroad,  11  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Elkhorn. 

Troyes,  trwi  (anc.  Augustobo'na,  afterwards  Tricat'- 
sce),  a  city  of  France,  capitail  of  the  department  of  Aube, 
100  miles  E.S.E.  of  Paris,  with  which  it  is  connected  by 
railway,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Seine.  Lat.  48°  18'  N. ; 
Ion.  4°  5'  E.  Pop.  46,972.  Troyes  was  the  capital  of  the 
old  province  of  Champagne.  It  is  partly  surrounded  by 
the  Seine,  which,  being  drawn  off  by  numerous  channels, 
both  supplies  it  with  water-power  and  contributes  to  its 
cleanliness.  Many  of  the  streets  are  narrow  and  irregular 
and  lined  with  antiquated  houses,  but  these  are  giving  way 
to  others  of  modern  construction,  and  some  quarters  have 
a  handsome  appearance.  The  old  ramparts  have  been 
thrown  down,  and  their  site  is  now  occupied  by  fine  prom- 
enades. The  principal  edifices  are  the  cathedral,  founded 
about  1 208,  a  splendid  specimen  of  florid  Gothic,  374  feet 
long  and  96  feet  high,  with  a  nave  composed  of  6  aisles, 
and  beautiful  patterns  of  the  richest  stained  glass ;  the 
church  of  St.  Urbain,  regarded  as  a  model  of  light,  airy 
Gothic ;  the  church  of  St.  John,  where  the  marriage  of 
Henry  V.  of  England  was  celebrated ;  the  church  of  Ste. 
Madeleine,  with  a  stone  rood-loft  of  great  beauty ;  the  hOtel- 
de-ville ;  the  prefecture,  occupying  part  of  the  buildings 
of  an  ancient  abbey ;  the  hospital,  museum,  palais  de  justice, 
and  a  public  library  of  110,000  volumes.  It  is  the  see  of  a 
bishop,  the  seat  of  a  court  of  first  resort  and  of  commerce, 
and  possesses  a  chamber  of  commerce,  diocesan  seminary, 
ecclesiastical  school,  communal  college,  and  a  society  of 
agriculture.  Troyes  has  extensive  manufactures  of  cotton 
hosiery,  cotton  cloths,  bombazines,  moleskin,  calico,  ticks, 
woollen  cloth,  woollen  covers,  gloves,  lace,  soap,  starch, 
<fcc.  There  are  also  numerous  worsted-  and  cotton-mills, 
oil-works,  breweries,  tanneries,  nurseries,  bleach-fields,  and 
fulling-  and  paper-mills.  It  carries  on  an  important  trade, 
chiefly  in  grain,  wine,  brandy,  colonial  produce,  sausages, 
hemp,  wax,  wool,  wood,  iron,  lead,  zinc,  &o.  In  889,  Troyes 
was  burned  by  the  Normans;  and  in  1415  it  was  seized  by 
the  Duke  of  Burgundy.  In  1814,  during  the  last  strug- 
gles of  Napoleon  previous  to  his  abdication,  it  was  his  head- 
quarters, and  suffered  severely,  having  been  twice  taken  by 
the  allies  and  once  by  the  French. 

Troy  Ferry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dyer  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Obion  River,  8  miles  N.  of  Dyersburg. 

Troy  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  in  Troy  Grove  township. 
La  Salle  co..  111.,  6  or  7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mendota,  and 
nearly  2  miles  E.  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad.  The 
township  has  a  pop.  of  1501. 

Troy  JVEills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa,  in  Spring 
Grove  township,  on  the  Wapsipinicon  River,  about  22  miles 
N.  of  Cedar  Rapids.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a 
stone-quarry. 

Troy  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Adair  co..  Mo.,  on  the  St. 
Louis,  Kansas  City  <fc  Northern  Railroad,  2  miles  S.  of 
Kirksville.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Troy's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C. 

Troy  Station,  a  village  of  Obion  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Paducah 
<fc  Memphis  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Union  City,  and  50 
miles  N.  of  Jackson. 

Troy'ville,  a  post-office  of  Catahoula  parish.  La. 

Troyville,  a  post-office  of  Harnett  co.,  N.C. 

Trschemesuoy  tr'sh^-mdsh'no,  written  also  Trze* 


TRS- 


2656'' 


TRU 


meszno,  UhA-iudzh'no,  and  Tremessen,  a  town  of 
Prutisio,  between  two  lakes,  42  miles  E.N. E.  of  Poscn.  Pop. 
-4300. 

Trsztenna,  trshtdn'n&,  a  town  of  Hungary,  on  the 
Arrn  Hiver,  oo.  and  18  miles  N.E.  of  Arva.     Pop.  2033. 

Tru'ax,  a  post-offioe  of  Dunn  co.,  Wis. 

Trub,  trOub,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  20 
miles  E.  of  Bern.     Pop.  of  parish,  2700. 

Trilbau,  trli'bSw,  or  Bbhmisch-Tribau,  bo'mish- 
tree'bow,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Bohemia,  on  a  railway,  7 
miles  N.E.  of  Leitomischl.  Pop.  5141.  See  also  Mah- 
riscii-TuUbau. 

Trubtschevsk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Thoobcretsr. 

Trnccazzano,  troo-kit-si'no,  a  village  of  Northern 
Italy,  10  miles  from  Milan.     Pop.  1913. 

Truckec,  triik-ee',  a  post-village  of  Nevada  co.,  Cal., 
onTruOkee  River,  and  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  119 
miles  N.E.  of  Sacramento  City,  and  35  miles  S.W.  of  Reno, 
Nev.  It  is  near  the  Sierra  Nevada,  and  is  surrounded  by 
grand  scenery.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  oTlico,  nu- 
merous saw-mills,  a  banking-house,  and  some  repair-shops 
of  the  railroad.     Pop.  in  1880,  1147. 

Truckee  River  rises  in  Placer  co.,  Cal.,  and  is  the 
outlet  of  Lake  Tahoe,  which  is  at  an  altitude  of  about  6000 
feet.  It  runs  nearly  northward,  passes  into  the  state  of 
Nevada,  and  intersects  Washoe  co.  Its  general  direction  is 
N.N.E.  It  enters  Pyramid  Lake  in  Roop  co.  It  is  nearly 
125  miles  long,  is  pure  water,  and  abounds  in  trout. 

Trucks'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  4 
miles  from  Kingston,  and  about  6  miles  N.W.  of  Wilkesbarre. 
It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  wooUcn-mill. 

Trud'der,  a  hamlet  of  Whatcom  co.,  AVashington,  on 
the  Nooksachk  River,  i  mile  from  a  steamboat-landing,  and 
about  4  miles  from  Bellingham  Bay.     It  has  a  church. 

Tru'dell,  a  post-villago  in  Essex  co.,  Ontario,  20  miles 
S.W.  of  Chatham.     Pop.  150. 

Trueutus,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Tkonto. 

Trucsdell,  truz'd^l,  a  post-office  of  Kenosha  co..  Wis., 
on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  32  miles 
S.  of  Milwaukee. 

Truesville,  truz'vll,  a  post-office  of  Owen  co.,  Ky. 

Trueyrc,  a  river  of  France.    See  TruySre. 

Tru'lant,  a  post-village  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Detroit,  Lansing  <fc  Northern  Railroad,  Si  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Uoward  City.     It  has  2  saw-mills. 

Tru'itt'S;  a  station  in  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  San 
Francisco  k  North  Pacific  Railroad,  4  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Clovordale. 

Tra'ittsburg,  a  post-office  of  Clarion  co.,  Pa. 

Trujillo,  or  Truxillo,  troo-Heel'yo  (anc.  Tw'rii 
Ju'lia),  a  city  of  Spain,  province  of  Caccres,  130  miles 
S.W.  of  Madrid.  It  is  a  dull,  miserable  place,  yet  some  of 
the  dilapidated  houses  mark  the  former  opulence  of  those 
adventurers  who  returned  here  laden  with  the  spoil  of 
Peru.  The  upper  and  more  ancient  portion  of  the  city, 
where  the  streets  are  cut  out  of  granite,  and  once  the  seat 
of  the  aristocracy  and  the  garrison,  is  now  abandoned,  and 
used  as  a  burying-place,  the  people  of  Trujillo  preferring 
the  lower  and  more  convenient  site  of  the  under  town,  or 
Ciudad.  At  the  N.  end  stands  a  fortress,  originally  Roman, 
with  flanking  towers  of  granite;  this  castle  has  been  much 
added  to  in  modern  times.  Trujillo  possesses  a  town  house, 
archives,  granary,  hospital,  a  theatre,  a  bull-ring,  and  sev- 
eral schools  and  churches.  It  has  potteries,  chocolate- 
works,  flour-mills,  and  noted  fairs.  Trujillo  was  wrested 
in  1233  from  the  Saracens.  Pop.  4977. 
,  Triyillo,  or  Truxillo,  a  seaport  town  of  Honduras, 
on  the  Caribbean  Sea.  Lat.  (of  port)  15°  55'  N. ;  Ion.  85° 
69'  W.  Pop.,  with  adjacent  hamlets,  4000.  Its  harbor,  on 
tte  Bay  of  Trujillo,  is  defended  by  several  forts.  Principal 
export,  mahogany. 

Tnvjillo,  or  Truxillo,  troo-Hcel'yo,  a  town  of  North 
Peru,  capital  of  the  department  of  Libertad,  in  the  midst 
of  the  valley  of  Chimu,  about  li  miles  E.  of  the  Pacific 
Ocean.  Lat.  8°  7'  30"  S. ;  Ion.  79°  9'  AV.  It  occupies  the 
S.W.  side  of  a  granite  mountain,  is  surrounded  by  a  kind 
of  mud  wall,  flanked  with  bastions,  consists  of  regular 
streets,  containing  a  number  of  good  houses,  built  of  brick, 
but  generally  low,  is  the  see  of  a  bishop,  and  has  a  cathe- 
dral and  several  other  large  churches,  a  college,  hospital, 
«nd  theatre.  A  railway  connects  it  with  Salaverry.  At 
Uuanchaco,  which,  though  8  or  9  miles  N.W.,  is  the  port, 
a  considerable  export  takes  place,  chiefly  of  rice  and  ^icc. 
In  the  vicinity  of  the  town  a  vast  space  is  covered  by 
tumuli  and  other  ancient  Peruvian  remains.  Trujillo  was 
founded  in  1535  by  Pizarro,  who  gave  it  the  name  of  his 
native  town  in  Spain.    Pop.  about  8000. 


Trujillo,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  capital  of  the  ndto  o  I 
Trujillo,  DO  miles  S.W.  of  Barque«imeto.     Pop.  2098. 

Tri^illo,  a  state  of  Venezuela,  bounded  W.  in  iurt  1) 
Lake  Maracaybo.  Area,  4328  square  miles.  It  is  in  i.n.' 
mountainous,  with  a  good  climate  and  a  fruitful  L.ii 
Capital,  Trujillo.     Pop.  108,672.  »»^  kjm 

TrUllikoii,trU'le-kon\  a  village  and  i>ari8h  of  Switter 
land,  canton  and  N.N.E.  of  Zurich.     Poj).  1413.  ) 

Tru'man,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Kanmu 

Tru'mansburg,  a  nost-village  in  Ulysses  towni-iiip 
Tompkins  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Geneva,  Ithaca  A  Sayru  I; 
road,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Ithaca,  and  2  miles  W.  of  (  i 
Lake.  It  contains  6  churches,  an  academy,  a  b.n,:  \ 
newspaper  office,  2  fine  hotels,  2  flouring-mills,  a  fouiulrv 
a  machine-shop,  and  manufactures  of  mowers,  stcau 
ploughs,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  1376.  ; 

Tru'mansburg  Land'ing,  a  hamlet  of  Seneca  po. 
N.Y.,  on  Cayuga  Lake,  3  miles  from  Trumansburg.  It  h J 
2  warehouses. 

Trum'baursville,  a  post-village  in  MilfordtownMiin 
Bucks  CO.,  Pa.,  about  22  miles  N.  of  Norriatown.  It  baa  uii 
academy  and  several  cigar-factories. 

Trum'bull,  a  northeastern  county  of  Ohio,  bordcrinJ 
on  Pennsylvania,  has  an  area  of  625  square  miles,  li  j. 
drained  by  the  Mahoning  and  Gnand  Rivers,  and  by  Pym:i 
tuning.  Meander,  and  Mosquito  Creeks.  The  surface  in  un 
dulating.  The  soil  is  uniformly  fertile,  and  adapted  to  w 
turagc  and  dairy-farming.  Butter,  cheese,  hay,  oats,  (tax 
wool,  cattle,  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products,  the 
county  producing,  according  to  tho  census,  more  checuciiiKi 
more  flax  than  any  other  county  of  Ohio.  Forests  of  thi 
oak,  ash,  elm,  sugar-maple,  beech,  Ac,  cover  nearly  one- 
fourth  of  the  surface.  Among  its  minerals  are  bituininout 
coal,  petroleum,  and  iron  ore.  It  has  also  quarries  of 
Berea  grit,  good  for  grindstones.  It  is  intersected  by  tbi 
Atlantic  A  Great  Western  Railroad,  the  Ashtabula,  Youngi. 
town  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  and  tho  Mahoning  division  of 
the  first-named  railroad.  Capital,  Warren.  Valuntinn  of 
real  and  personal  estate,  $34,941,818.  Pop.  in  1870,38,659, 
of  whom  30,568  were  Americans;  in  1880,  44,880. 

Trumbull,  a  post-township  of  Fairfield  co.,  Conn.,  on 
the  Housatonic  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Bridgeport.  I' 
contains  6  churches  and  3  paper-mills.     Pop.  1336. 

Trumbull,  a  post-office  of  White  co..  III.,  on  the  ?; 
Louis  A  Southeastern  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Carmi, 

Trumbull,  a  post-hamlct  in  Trumbull  township,  Ash- 
tabula CO.,  0.,  about  44  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cleveland.  l'o]i. 
of  tho  township,  1084. 

Trumbull  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  in  Ncwficld  town- 
ship, Tompkins  co.,  N.Y.,  about  22  miles  N.N.E.  of  Eliuira. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Trumcllo,  troo-m6l'lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Pavia,  on  the  Terdoppio,  with  an  oratory,  a  moiUe-de-pietil, 
and  a  small  hospital.     Pop.  2896. 

Trump  Island,  in  the  district  of  Twillingatc  and 
Pogo,  Newfoundland,  4  miles  from  Twillingate.  It  containi 
copper-mines. 

'Trundle's  (triin'dflz)  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of 
Sevier  co.,  Tenn. 

Trunk'eyville,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Forest  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Titusville  A  Bufi'alo  Railroad,  and  i: 
the  Alleghany  River,  9i  miles  N.  of  Tioncsla. 

Tru'ro,  a  seaport  town  of  England,  co.  of  Cornwall,  S 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Falmouth,  on  the  rivers  Allen  and  Kenwyn, 
which  unite  to  form  tho  river  Truro,  that  open?  into  Fal- 
mouth harbor.  Pop.  11,049.  The  town  is  the  largejt  in| 
the  county,  its  prosperity  partly  owing  to  its  being  the 
centre  of  an  important  manufacturing  district  and  a  [.rin- 
cipal  stannary  town.  Chief  edifices,  St.  Mary's  church, 
various  chapels,  a  town  hall,  coinage-hall,  cu.«toin-houfc, 
county  infirmary,  lying-in  institution,  barracks,  theatre, 
workhouse,  museum,  grammar-school,  mining  college,  and 
a  royal  institution  for  science  and  literature.  Vesfcls  of 
100  tons  come  up  to  its  quays.  Imports,  chiefly  coal,  tim- 
ber, and  articles  required  in  mining  operations.  E.vport.', 
tin,  copper,  paper,  carpeting,  pottery-ware,  and  jjilchnrJ 
oil.  The  borough  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Com- 
mons.    In  1S77  it  became  a  bishop's  see. 

Tru'ro,  a  post-township  of  Knox  oo.,  HI.,  abo"'  ^^ 
miles  E.  of  Galesburg.     Pop.  899. 

Truro,  a  post-village  in  Truro  township,  Barnstable  co., 
Mass.,  on  Cape  Cod  Bay,  1  mile  E.  of  the  Old  Colony  Rail- 
road. It  is  about  60  miles  by  water,  or  110  miles  by  rail- 
road, E.S.E.  of  Boston.  The  township  is  a  part  of  tbs 
narrow  peninsula  called  Cape  Cod,  and  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  The  inhabiUnts  arc  mostly  em 
plojed  in  navigation  .and  the  fisheries.    Pop.  1830, 1017. 


TRU 


2657 


Tsor 


Truro,  a  township  of  Franklin  oo.,  0.     Pop.  1S66. 

P'ru'rO)  a  town  of  Nova  Scotia,  capital  of  Colchester 
c|  2  miles  above  the  head  of  Cobequid  Bay,  on  the  Inter- 
ci)nial  llailway,  61  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Halifax,  and  215 
EJes  E.  of  St.  John.  It  is  one  of  the  prettiest  towns  in 
t[  province,  and  contains  the  county  buildings,  several 
oirches  and  hotels,  a  branch  bank,  the  Provincial  normal 
ai  model  schools,  and  manufactories  of  engines,  iron 
citings,  axles,  machinery,  boots  and  shoes,  lasts  and  pegs, 
bk  leather,  wooden-ware,  woollens,  Ac.     Pop.  2500. 

rruss'ville,  a  post-village  of  JefTerson  co.,  Ala.,  on 
t'l  Alabama  <fc  Chattanooga  Railroad,  14^  miles  N.E.  of 
Ijmingham.  It  has  2  churches,  a  seminary,  a  woollen- 
fitory,  Ac.     Coal  is  found  near  this  place. 

i''rutnow,  a  town  of  Bohemia,    See  Tuautexau. 

Truxillo,  Spain  and  Spanish  America.    See  Trujillo. 

friix'ton,  a  post-office  of  Bureau  co.,  111.,  about  24 
njes  S.  of  Sterling. 

Cruxton,  a  post-village  of  Lincoln  co.,  Mo.,  12  miles 
^Df  Pendleton  Station,  and  about  64  miles  W.N.AV.  of 
SjLouis.     It  has  a  church,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  flour-mill. 

irruxton,  a  post-village  in  Truxton  township,  Cortland 
ci)  N.Y.,  on  the  East  Branch  of  the  Tioghnioga  River, 
ai  on  the  Auburn  Branch  of  the  Oswego  Midland  Rail- 
nH,  about  28  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Syracuse,  and  36  miles 
V|^.W.  of  Norwich.  It  contains  3  churches,  a  cheese- 
friory,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  saw-mills.  Butter  and  cheese 
ailits  staple  products.     Pop.  314 ;  of  the  township,  1468. 

Truy^re,  or  Trueyre,  trii^yaiii',  a  river  of  France, 
ris  in  the  Cevcnnes,  department  of  Lozere,  and  joins  the 
Li  at  Entraigues.     Total  course,  81  miles. 

Try'an,  a  post-office  of  Coffee  co.,  Ala. 

rry'gil'lo,  a  post-office  of  Oldham  co.,  Tex. 

rry'on,  a  township  of  Polk  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  640. 

["ry'on^aseaportof  Prince  Ed  ward  Island,  co.  of  Queens, 
oHhe  S.  coast,  at  the  head  of  a  small  bay,  in  lat.  46°  17' 
NJlon.  63°  38'  W. 

Tryon  City,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  N.C,  in  Tryon 
tcbship,  on  the  Spartanburg  &  Asheville  Railroad,  6 
mtes  S.\V.  of  Columbus.  Tryon  Mountain,  in  the  vicinity, 
rip  about  4800  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

i'ryon  Corner,  a  post-village  in  Prince  co..  Prince 
Ejrard  Island,  24  miles  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  100. 

fryon  Factory,  Georgia.    See  Tuiox  Factory. 

|'ry'oiiville,a  post-village  in  Steuben  township,  Craw- 
fol  CO.,  Pa.,  on  Oil  Creek,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Titusville 
Aluffalo  Railroad,  8  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Titusville.  It  has 
a  {lurch,  a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  lumber, 
w^ons,  and  wooden  bowls. 

Try'sil,  a  post-office  of  Cass  co.,  N.  D. 

"rzcianka,  or  Trzianka.    See  Schonlanke. 
.  I'rzebiczke,  a  town  of  Moravia.    See  Trebitsch, 

f'rzebochoAvice,  Bohemia.    See  Hohendruck. 

I'rzemeszno,  a  town  of  Prussia.  See  Trschemesno. 
.  i'sad,  a  lake  of  Central  Africa.     See  Chad. 

Tsadda,  a  river  of  Central  Africa.     See  Bendwe. 

'sampaynago,  tsim-pi-ni'go,  a  town  of  Burmah,  on 
tlflrrawaddy,  76  miles  N.  of  Ava. 

I  Sana,  a  lake  of  Abyssinia.     See  Dembea. 

fsang,  the  Chinese  name  for  Thibet. 
santa,  tsin'til',  a  fortified  city  of  China,  in  Yun-Nan, 
nlr  the  Burmese  frontier,  50  miles  N.E.  of  Bhamo. 

I'sao-Tchoo,  or  Tsao-Tchou,  tsi'o-choo',  a  town 
oiphina,  in  Shan-Toong,  140  miles  S.W.  of  Tsee-Nan. 

'sarevokokshaisk,  or  Tzarevokokshaisk,  tsi- 
rJfo-kok-shisk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  72 
lafes  N.W.  of  Kazan.     Pop.  1124. 

Tsarevosantchoorsk,  or  Tzarevosantchursk, 
tsVi-vo-sdnt-choorsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of 
Vtka,  33  miles  S.W.  of  Yaransk.     Pop.  992. 

Tsaritsin,  Tzaritzin,  or  Zaritzyn,  tsiL-rit-sin',  a 
foSfied  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Saratov,  on  the 
V^a,  110  miles  S.S.W.  of  Karaishin.  It  was  formerly  an 
ii'ortant  station  of  defence,  and  is  celebrated  for  its  min- 
ei'  waters.     Pop.  31,216. 

''sarskoe-Selo,  or  Tzarskoe-Selo,  tsans'ko-i- 
eSo,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  17  miles  S.  of  St. 
PjBrsburg  by  railway,  capital  of  a  circle.  Pop.  14,465.  It 
hfa  college,  a  military  school,  and  manufactures  of  car- 
pi, but  is  chiefly  noted  for  a  summer  residence  of  the  em- 
ppr,  built  and  furnished  in  a  style  of  great  magnificence. 

Psatsak,  a  town  of  Servia.    See  Csatsak. 

Tsa-Yuen,  ts4,-yoo-6n',  a  town  of  China,  province  of 
Ci-Kiang,  S.W.  of  Hang-Chow-Foo.  It  is  a  large  and 
iiVortant  place,  and  has  opposite  to  it  a  curiously-shaped 
h;,  composed  chiefly  of  granite  of  a  beautiful  green  color, 
W|ch  18  much  prized  by  the  Chinese. 


Tschartorisk,  or  Czartorysk,  chan-to-risk',  a  town 
of  Russia,  in  Volhynia,  on  the  Styr,  30  milea  N.N.E.  of 
Lootsk.     Pop.  2800. 

Tscheben,  a  village  of  Hungary.    See  Czebe. 

Tscheboksary,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Cheboksari. 

Tscheljabinsk,  Russia.    See  Cheliabinsk. 

Tschenikend,  or  Chemkend,  chfim-kfind',  a  town 
of  Asiatic  Russia,  government  of  Syr-Darya,  75  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  Tashkend.     Pop.  5422. 

Tschenkowitz,  tsk5n'ko-*its,  a  village  of  Bohemia, 
E.  of  Chrudim.     Pop.  1570. 

Tscherikov,  or  Tschirikow.    See  Cherikov. 

Tscherkassy,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Cherkasee. 

Tschernembel,  tshfiR'nfim-b^l,  a  town  of  Austria,  in 
Carniola,  16  miles  S.  of  Neustadtl.  Pop.  1300.  (For  other 
names  sometimes  spelt  with  Tech,  refer  to  Ch,  Tch,  or  Cz.) 

Tschernigoflf,  or  Tschernigow.    See  Chernigov. 

Tschcrnowitz,  Austria.     See  Czernowitz. 

Tschou,  a  town  of  West  Africa.     See  Tchow. 

Tschulim,  a  river  of  Siberia.     See  Choolim. 

Tsee-Nan,  or  Tsi-Nan,  tsee^nin',  a  city  of  China, 
capital  of  the  province  of  Shan-Toong,  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
Ta-Tsin  River,  100  miles  from  the  Gulf  of  Pe-Chee-Lee. 
It  is  large,  populous,  and  venerated  as  the  residence  of  a 
former  dynasty.  It  has  manufactures  of  gray  silks  and' 
glass-wares.    Pop.  400,000. 

Tse-Kee,  or  Tse-Ki,  tsi'kee',  a  town  of  China, 
province  of  Che-Kiang,  W.  of  Ning-Po. 

Tsepel,  a  river-island  of  Hungary.     See  Csepel. 

Tse-Tchoo,  or  Tse-Tchou,  tsi'choo',  a  city  of 
China,  in  Shan-See,  40  miles  N.  of  the  Iloang-llo. 

Tsiekhanovets,  Russia.    See  Ciechanowiec. 

Tsien-Kiang,  tse-5n*ke-ing',  a  river  of  China,  prov- 
ince of  Se-Chuen,  tributary  to  the  Kia-Ling. 

Tsien-Tang-Kiang,  a  river  of  China,  province  of 
Che-Kiang,  joins  the  sea  by  a  wide  estuary  E.  of  the  city 
of  llang-Chow-Foo. 

Tsikugo-Gawa,  tse-koo'go-gaw'wi  (?),  a  river  of 
Japan,  the  largest  in  the  island  of  Kioo-Sioo.  It  rises  in 
the  mountains  on  the  W.  side  of  Bungo,  flows  through  the 
province  of  Tsikugo,  and,  after  receiving  many  rivulets, 
forms  two  mouths  as  it  falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Simabara,  near 
the  town  of  Saga,  in  lat.  33°  10'  N. 

Tsikuzen,  tse-koo-z6n'  (?),  a  province  of  Japan,  occu- 
pying the  N.E.  portion  of  the  island  of  Kioo-Sioo,  and 
comprising  about  56  islands  and  islets. 

Tsina,  an  ancient  name  of  China.  See  CnixESE  Empire. 

Tsing-IIai,  Chinese  Empire.     See  Koko-Nor. 

Tsin-Tchoo,  or  Tsiu-Tchou,  tsin'choo',  a  city 
of  China,  province  of  Quang-Tong,  65  miles  W.  of  Oo- 
Tchoo,  on  a  tributary  of  the  Hong-Kiang. 

Tsin-Tchoo,  or  Tsin-Tchou,  a  city  of  China, 
province  of  Shan-Toong,  80  miles  E.  of  Tsee-Nan. 

Tsitsikar,  tsit-se-kar',  a  town  of  Manchooria,  near  the 
border  of  Mongolia,  on  the  Nonni  (or  Non)  River,  240  milea 
S.W.  of  Saghalin-Oola. 

Tsiuen-Tchoo  (or  -Tchou).    See  Chixchew. 

Tsivilsk,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Tzivilsk. 

Tso-Afapham,  Thibet.    See  Maxasarowar, 

Tsong- Gan-Hien,  tsong*g!ln'he-fin',  a  town  of 
China,  province  of  Fo-Kien,  on  an  afiluent  of  the  Miii. 
Lat.  27°  47'  38"  N. ;  Ion.  118°  15'  E.  Its  staple  trade  is 
black  tea.  Throughout  the  town  are  large  tea-hongs, 
where  the  teas  are  sorted  and  packed  for  foreign  markets, 
and  many  tea-merchants  from  Canton  and  all  parts  of  China 
come  here  to  make  purchases.     Pop.  about  10,000. 

Tsong-Ming,  an  island  of  China.     See  Tsung-Mixo. 

Tsoogar,  a  strait  of  Japan.    See  Saxgar. 

Tsookasaki,  or  Tsnkasaki,  tsoo^k&s&'kee,  a  small 
town  of  Japan,  island  of  Kioo-Sioo,  near  Uresino,  from  which 
it  is  separated  by  three  high  mountains  called  Sansaka.  It 
is  much  frequented  by  invalids  on  account  of  its  hot  hatha 
of  the  temperature  of  121°  Fahr. 

Tsoorooga,  or  Tsuruga,  tsoo-roo'gl,  a  town  of 
Japan,  on  the  Bay  of  Tsoorooga,  and  on  the  W.  side  of 
Hondo,  200  miles  W.  of  Tokio.  It  has  a  good  port,  and 
exports  lime,  granite,  and  the  manufactured  goods  and 
agricultural  products  of  a  large  district.     Pop.  20,000. 

Tsoosima,  or  Tsusima,  tsoo-seo'mS,,  an  island  of 
Japan,  in  the  Strait  of  Corea.  Lat.  (of  N.  extremity)  34° 
40'  N.;  Ion.  129°  29'  E.  Length,  45  miles;  breadth,  12 
miles.     Surface  mountainous  and  rugged. 

Tsootsi-Yamma,  or  Tsutsi-Yamma,  tsoot'see- 
yim'mi,  and  Tsoova  (Tsuva),  tsoo'vi,  two  small  islands 
of  .Japan. 

Tsoo-Yung,  or  Tsu-Yung,  tsoo'yung',  a  city  of 
China,  province  and  70  miles  W.  of  Yun-Nan.  ,■ 


I 


TSO 


2658 


TUC 


Tflonnonthooaiit  tioo-non-thoo-an',  or  Ureat 
Moniitain,  a  muuutain  on  th«  N.  bnnk  of  the  rivor 
Jacquca-Cartior,  iibout  21  miles  N.W.  of  Quoboo.  It  forms 
the  gouthorn  an)clo  uf  the  Laurentinn  Ilango  of  mountains, 
which  extend  from  Labrador  to  Hudson's  Bay.  Ita  alera- 
tion  is  about  20UU  foet. 

TsoiiFf  a  town  of  Syria.    See  Soon. 

Tsiigar,  a  strait  of  Japan.     See  SanqAR. 

Tsiiknsaki,  n  town  of  Japan.    Seo  T§ooka8AKI. 

TsiiiiK-I'in?*  Asia.     Seo  KAiiAKoRnii  Moiixtains. 

TsuiiK-Ming,  tsTing^ming',  an  island  of  China,  prov- 
ince of  Kiang-Soo,  off  the  E.  coni<t,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Yang-t6o-Ki:>ng.  Its  K.  extremity  is  in  lat.  31°  28'  N., 
Ion.  121°  51'  E.  Length,  30  miles;  breadth,  10  miles.  On 
its  S.  coast  is  a  town  of  the  same  name. 

Tsuii'IIoa,  tsunMio-il',  a  city  of  China,  province  of 
Pe-Chee-Lce,  80  miles  E.N.E.  of  Peking. 

Tsun-Y,  tsiin^ce',  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Koei- 
Choo,  70  miles  N.  of  Koei-Yang. 

Tsu- Yang,  a  city  of  China.    Seo  Tsoo-Y«^«^. 

Tsyosien,  the  Chinese  name  of  Cokea. 

Tsypa^  or  Tzipa,  tsip'A.,  a  river  of  Siberia,  govern- 
ment of  Irkootsk,  joins  the  Vitim  after  a  N.E.  course  of 
230  miles. 

Tua^  too'i,  a  river  of  Portugal,  province  of  Tras-os- 
Montos,  joins  the  Douro  after  a  S.W.  course  of  70  miles. 

Tualatin,  or  Tualitin,  twal'Q-tin,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Washington  co..  Oregon,  near  the  Tualatin  River. 

Tualatin  Uiver,  Oregon,  rises  near  the  W.  border  of 
Washington  co.,  runs  eastward,  and  enters  the  Willamette 
In  Clackamas  co.,  near  Oregon  City.     Length,  75  miles. 

Tu'anif  an  episcopal  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  19  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Oalwivy,  on  the  Clare.  Lat.  53°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  8° 
60'  W.  Pop.  of  town,  4223.  It  consists  of  5  principal 
streets  and  a  market-place,  and  has  Roman  Catholic  and 
Protestant  cathedrals,  an  episcopal  palace  (Anglican),  an 
archicpiscopal  palace  (Roman  Catholic),  a  Roman  Catho- 
lic college,  diocesan  schools,  a  court-house,  bridewell,  work- 
house, barracks,  market-house,  reading-  and  assembly- 
rooms,  ruins  of  a  oastle,  and  manufactures  of  linen  and 
canvas. 

Tn'am,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
Nottawasaga  River,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Bradford.  It  con- 
tains a  distillery,  a  flouring-mill,  2  saw-mills,  and  several 
stores.     Pop.  180. 

Tuarilts,  a  people  of  Africa.     See  TooAnEEKS. 
.  Tuat,  an  oasis  of  Central  Africa.     See  Tooat. 

Tua-Tien,  a  town  of  Anam.    See  IIu£. 

Tubac,  too-bJik',  a  post- hamlet  of  Pima  co.,  Arizona, 
60  miles  S.  of  Tucson.  It  has  a  church.  It  is  a  very  old 
Jesuit  mission. 

Tubai,  too-bi',  and  Tubuai-Mann,  too-boo-i'-md- 
noo',  two  of  the  Society  Islands,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

Tubal,  too-B4l',  a  river  of  Chili,  which  has  its  mouth 
in  the  Pacific,  close  to  the  Bay  of  Arauco.  Lat.  37°  14'  25" 
6.  It  was  once  navigable  for  nearly  a  mile,  but  an  earth- 
quake in  1835  so  raised  the  bar  that  it  is  now  accessible 
only  to  small  boats. 

'Tubariyeh,  a  town  of  Palestine.    See  Tabaueeyeh. 

Tubberan,  toob-bi-r4n',  a  town  of  Persia,  province  and 
100  miles  N.N.E.  of  Kerman. 

Tubbus,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Tabas. 

Tubet,  a  region  of  Asia.     See  Thibbt. 

rubingen,  tii'bing-^n,  a  town  of  WUrtcmberg,  Black 
Forest,  on  the  Neckar,  at  the  influx  of  the  Ammer,  IS  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Stuttgart.  Lat.  48°  31'  N. ;  Ion.  9°  4'  E.  Its 
celebrated  university,  which  had  among  its  earliest  pro- 
fessors the  Reformers  Melanehthon  and  Ileuchlin,  is  seated 
in  the  ancient  castle  of  the  counts-palatine,  and  has  an 
observatory,  a  botanic  garden,  a  cabinet  of  natural  history, 
and  a  library  of  200,000  volumes.  The  town  has  manufac- 
tures of  woollen  cloth  and  gunpowder.     Pop.  10,471. 

Tubizc,  til^becz',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  South  Brabant, 
on  a  railway,  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Brussels.     Poji.  2803. 

Tucacas,  too-ki'kS,s,  a  seaport  of  Venezuela,  on  the 
Caribbean  Sea,  state  of  Falcon,  25  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Puerto 
Cabello.     A  railway  extends  hence  70  miles  S.W.  to  Aroa. 

Tucano,  too-ki'no,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  of  Ba- 
hia,  8  miles  from  the  river  Itapiouru.     Pop.  1200. 

"Tucapel,  a  river  of  Chili.    See  Laxa. 

Tuchel,  t66'K?l,  a  town  of  West  Prussia,  15  miles  S.E. 
of  Konitz.     Pop.  2780. 

Tnclc,  a  town  of  India.    See  Tak. 

Tnckalioe,  tiik^a-ho',  a  post-village  in  Upper  town- 
ship, Cape  May  co.,  N.  J.,  on  both  sides  of  Tuckahoe  Creek, 
■iwut  20  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Atlantic  City,  and  11  miles  S.  of 
May's  Landing.     It  has  2  churches. 


Tuckahoe,  a  po8t-village  in  Kiw>t  Chontor  to»n»liii 
WoKtchoster  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  A  llarlcin  Kmi 
road,  I(i  miles  N.N.E.  of  the  Grand  Central  Oepot,  N  y 
Marble  is  quarried  hero.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  uiauu 
factory  of  rubber  goods. 

Tuckahoe,  a  ])08t-ofBfo  of  Jones  co.,  N.C. 
Tuckahoe  Creek,  Maryland,  rises  in  Queen  Ann 
CO.,  runs  southward,  forms  the  W.  boundary  of  C»rrn1|  („, 
and  enters  the  Choptank  River  about  0  miles  S.W.  ol  lie  ni  ti 

Tuckahoe  Creek,  New  Jersey,  runs  soulhwiui 
eastward,  forms  the  boundary  between  Atlantic  and  Ui. 
May  COS.,  and  enters  (Iroat  Egg  Harbor  Bay. 

Tuckalee'chee  Cove,  a  post-ofllce  of  Blonot  co, 
Tenn.,  about  22  miles  S.E.  of  Knoxville. 

Tuckasegce,  tQk-a-see'ghcc,  a  station  of  ths  Care 
lina  Central  Railroad.    See  Woodi.awn. 

Tuck'er,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Wort  Vir- 
has  an  area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  in  intcrj-iM 
the  Cheat  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Dry  Fork  ol  ii, , 
river.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  several  rid|i;e#  of  ib. 
Alleghany  Mountains,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  formt 
of  the  oak,  hickory,  chestnut,  sugar-maple,  ifeo.  The  v«l 
leys  produce  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  pasture.  Capital,  ,■»{ 
George.  Valuation  of  real  and  ))er8unal  estate,  $606  284 
Pop.  in  1870, 1907  ;  in  1880,  3151. 

Tucker,  a  post-office  and  station  of  KankakM  co.,  HI. 
on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Kank  i 

Tuck'erman,  a  post-offiee  and  station  of  JiuK 
Ark.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  A  Southern  U:,; 
10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Newport. 
Tucker's  lieach,  N.J.    See  TncKER's  Islasd. 
Tuck'ersburg,  a  post-village  of  Chambers  oo.,  Am. 
on  the  East  Alabama  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  about  lU  uiilo 
N.  of  Opelika. 

Tucli'er's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wiliof 
CO.,  Tenn. 

Tucker's  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Wilson  co.,  Tenn 
Tucker's  Hill,  a  post-oflioe  of  Wcetmorcland  co.,Va 
Tucker's    Island,  a  low  coral  island,  coverwl  witli 
cocoa-nut  trees,  in  the  North  Pacific.     Lat.  7°22'N. ;  Ion 
146°  48'  E.     Pop.  350. 

Tucker's  Island,  or  Tucker's  Beach,  it  on  tii. 
inlet  to  Little  Egg  Harbor  Bay,  N.J. 

Tucker's  Pond,  a  post-office  of  Edgefield  oo.,  B.C. 
Tuck'erton,  a  post-village  and  port  of  entry  of  Bur- 
lington CO.,  N..J.,  on  Little  Egg  Harbor  Bay,  at  the  .S,  ter- 
minus of  the  Tuckerton  Railroad,  about  18  miles  N.  of 
Atlantic  City.  It  has  3  churches,  3  or  4  stores,  and  manu- 
factures of  fish  oil  and  guano.  The  shipping  of  the  di(> 
trict  amounts  to  about  8000  tons.     Pop.  in  1880,  1529. 

Tuckerton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  on  tlie 
Schuylkill  River  and  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railraod, 
5  miles  N.  of  Reading.     It  has  a  church. 

Tuck'erville,  a  post-office  of  Custer  co..  Neb. 
Tucovia,  too-ko've-i,  an  island  of  the  New  Hebrides, 
in  the  Pacific  Ocean.     Lat.  12°  16'  S.;  Ion.  168°  42'  E. 

Tucson,  too-son'  or  tiik-son',  a  post-town,  capital  ofi 
Pima  CO.,  Arizona,  on  the  Rio  Santa  Cruz,  and  on  tli» 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  about  250  miles  E.  of  Yoaia. 
Founded  in  1560  by  Jesuits.  It  contains  a  church,  th«l 
Institute  of  St.  Joseph,  2  free  schools,  a  bank,  a  newspnperl 
office,  a  court-house,  a  United  States  depository,  msBf 
stores,  and  2  flour-mills.  Gold-dust,  hides,  .and  wool  »r« 
its  chief  exports.  It  was  the  capital  of  Arizona  from  18W 
to  1877.     Pop.  in  1880,  7007. 

Tucuman,  too-koo-mdn',  a  province  of  the  Argentine 
Republic,  between  lat.  20°  and  27°  30'  S.  and  Ion.  62°  and 
66°  W.,  having  E.  the  Gran  Chaeo,  and  on  other  sides  tliol 
departments  of  Salta,   Catamarca,   and   Santiago.     Ar«% 
12,226  square  miles.    The  surface  in  the  W.  is  mountninou* 
and  covered  with  forests  of  lofty  trees  and  tine  pastun  • 
Its  centre  is  one  of  the  richest  parts  of  the  republic,  yitl  ■ 
ing  fine  crops  of  wheat,  maize,   rice,  tobacco,  and  sugar. 
Many  mules  are  exported,  and  the  cattle  are  of  good  breedfci 
The  province  contains  mines  of  gold,  silver,  copper,  »M I 
lead ;  the  other  products  are  cacao,  cotton,  indigo,  honey,! 
wax,  dye-woods,  salt  from  mines  and  lakes,  and  a  lillis| 
wine.     It  has  manufactures  of  leather,  cotton  and  woollen 
fabrics,  and  cheese.     Chief  town,  Tucum.in.    Pop.  108,!*' 
Tucuman,  or  San  Miguel  de  Tucuman,  sin  lu 
ghSr  d4  too-koo-min',  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Republic, 
capital  of  the  above  province,  on  a  head-stream  of  the  Kio| 
Duico,  94  miles  N.W.  of  Santiago.     It  has  a  cathedral,  m-i 
eral  convents,  a  Jesuits'  college,  and  a  trade  in  oxen  »«a| 
mules  sent  into  Bolivia.     Pop.  26,300.    Here  independaM*!! 
was  first  promulgated,  and  the  first  Congress  of  lae  i» 
public  was  held  in  1816. 


TUC 


2659 


TUfi 


'ncznO)  a  town  of  Prussia.     SeoTt'TZ. 

'udiE)  or  Tudaj  ad  Fines,  ancient  names  of  Tur. 

'lldcla,  too-Dd'l4  (ane.  Tnte'la),  a  city  of  Spain,  province 
of  favarro,  on  the  right  bank  of  tiio  Ebro,  here  crossed  by  a 
Bt  e  bridge  of  17  arclies,  52  miles  N.W.  of  Saragossa.  Pop. 
8£».  Itisncat,  but  dull.  It  has  remains  of  ancient  fortifica- 
ti(5.  Its  cathedral  contains  the  tomb' of  Blanche  of  Castile, 
ar  it  has  many  other  churches,  convents,  and  hospitals,  a 
wiihouse,  prison,  schools,  manufactures  erf  coarse  woollens, 
hf  fabrics,  soap,  tiles,  bricks,  and  earthenwares.  Ben- 
J8  in  of  Tudola  was  born  here.  On  November  2.3,  1808, 
th  French  here  gained  a  victory  over  the  Spaniards. 

iidela  de  Duero,  too-D4'l&  Ak  dwi'ro,  a  town  of 
Si  n,  6  miles  E.S.E.  of  Valladolid.     Pop.  2377. 

ueda,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Twked. 

uejar,  or  Tuexar,  too-d-Han',  a  town  of  Spain, 
br  inco  and  43  miles  N.W.  of  Valencia,  on  a  slope  above 
thChelva.     Pop.  1857. 

lufara,  too-fi'rl,  a  town  of  Italy,  prorince  and  about 
15(iiles  E.S.E.  of  Campobasso.     Pop.  2285. 

!utfi6,  tiiffi',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Sarthe, 
lejiiles  N.E.  of  Le  Mans.     Pop.  1044. 

Iiifino,  too-fee'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Ca- 
Bof ,  N.E.  of  Nola,  with  a  church  and  2  chapels.    P.  2690. 

iuftonborough,  tuf'ton-bar-ruh,  a  post-village  in 
Tilonborough  township,  Carroll  co.,  N.IT.,  6  miles  W.N.W. 
of  jssipee,  and  about  18  miles  N.E.  of  Laconia.  Bobbins 
anihoops  are  made  here.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the 
6.1  by  Lake  Winnepesaukoe,  and  contains  Melvin  Vil- 
laj     It  has  5  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  949. 

iugalo,  tu-gah-lO',  a  post-hamlet  of  Habersham  co., 
G«l  mile  from  Tugalo  Station  of  the  Atlanta  <fc  Richmond 
AilLine  Railroad. 

in'galoo',  a  river,  one  of  the  branches  of  the  Savan- 
na) rises  near  the  S.  frontier  of  North  Carolina,  and,  flow- 
infirst  S.W.  and  then  S.E.  along  the  boundary  between 
Sojh  Carolina  and  Georgia,  unites  with  the  Kiowee  near 
Aiprsonville.  The  name  of  Chattooga  is  applied  to  the 
up|r  part  of  this  river. 

iugaioo,  Mississippi.    See  Tocqaloo. 

nigaloo,  a  township  of  Oconee  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1438. 

lugaloo  Creek,  Ala.     See  Sucauxoochee  Cueek. 

Ilige'la,  a  large  river  of  Africa,  flows  S.E.  to  the  sea, 
lowing  the  boundary  between  Natal  and  Zululand, 

Mg  Fork,  West  Virginia.     See  Sandy  River. 

Juggle's  (tug'gelz)  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Patrick 
eoMti.,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Jacksonville. 

llggurt,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Tooggooht. 

jug  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  McDowell  co.,  W.  Va., 
46  iles  N.  of  SaltviHe,  Va. 

pineje,  twe-nd'zhi,  a  town  of  the  Canaries,  in  Fuer- 
tawtura,  on  a  mountain-slope. 

'|uitinni,  the  ancient  name  of  Deutz. 

Ilk,  a  town  of  India.     See  Tak. 

'nlian'non,  a  post-office  of  Columbia  co.,  Washington. 

iikhti  Suleiman,  tuK'te  so9-ld-min',  or  Takhti 
Siipinian,  tls'tee  s^o-lA-min',  written  also  Takhti 
Sdliman  {i.e.,  "  throne  of  Solomon"),  a  remarkable  hill 
anjbollection  of  ruins  in  North  Persia,  province  of  Azer- 
bafn,  115  miles  S.S.E.  of  Tabreez,  identified  by  Major 
Ralinson  with  the  ancient  Atropatenian  Ecbatana,  the 
}'l$aln,  Gazn,  and  Canzaca  of  classic  authors,  and  the 
Xibf  the  Arabians.     Lat.  36°  30'  N.;  Ion.  47°  10'  E. 

liikhti  Suleiman,  a  mountain  of  the  Suleiman 
R:%e,  E.  of  Afghanistan,  lat.  31°  35'  N.,  Ion.  about  70° 
B.Jind  11,000  feet  above  the  sea.  It  is  the  name  of  several 
otll^  mountains  in  Central  and  West  Asia. 

'jtikhti  Suleiman,  or  Usch,  Toorkistan.    See  Oosh. 

Vik'kee',  or  Taki,  tuk'eo',  a  town  of  Bengal,  40 
iui]t  E.  of  Calcutta.   It  has  a  good  trade  in  rice.    P.  5261. 

'iikric,  tuk'ree',  or  Tikri,  tik-ree',  a  town  of  India, 
Mtfut  division.     Pop.  5698. 

'bknm,  too'ko5m  or  too-koom',  a  town  of  Russia,  in 
Coland,  near  the  Giilf  of  Riga,  38  miles  W.  of  Riga.  It 
bai  ruined  castle  and  a  female  seminary.     Pop.  3751. 

'ilila,  Russia  and  China.     See  Toola. 

'lila,  too'li,  a  town  of  Mexico,  the  ancient  capital  of 
thtfoltecs,  state  and  40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mexico.  It  is 
tipirds  of  6000  feet  above  the  sea,  on  the  banks  of  the 
Tnf  or  Montezuma,  a  river  which,  after  a  N.E.  course  of 
20(jlniles,  past  Valles  and  Panuco,  joins  the  Tampico  River 
nc!  its  mouth  in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

'nla'lip,  a  post-office  and  Indian  reservation  of  Sno- 
ho:!gh  CO.,  Washington,  60  miles  N.  of  Tacoma.  Here  are 
a  ftholic  church  and  male  and  female  (Catholic)  schools. 

'ulang'Uavang,  too-ling'-bi-v&ng',  a  river  and  town 
of  limatra.    The  river  enters  the  Java  Sea,  after  an  £. 


course  of  100  miles;  the  town  is  70  miles  S.S.E.  of  Palom- 
bang. 

Tulare,  tu-lair'  (Sp.  pron.  too-li'ri),  a  county  in  the 
S.  central  part  of  California,  has  an  area  of  about  5000 
square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  King's,  Kaweah,  and  Tule 
Rivers  and  several  creeks,  all  affluents  of  Tulare  Lake, 
which  lies  in  the  W.  part  of  the  county  and  is  about  33 
miles  long  and  22  miles  wide.  The  surface  is  diversified  by 
high  mountains,  deep  canons,  and  wide  river-bottoms.  On 
the  N.E.  border  of  the  county  stand  several  of  the  highest 
peaks  of  the  Sierra  Nevada.  Among  these  are  Mount 
Whitney,  14,898  feet  high,  and  Kaweah  Peak,  about  14,000 
feet  high.  The  slopes  of  the  Sierra  Nevada  are  covered 
with  forests  of  coniferous  trees.  The  western  part  of  the 
county  is  adjacent  to  the  Coast  Range.  The  soil  of  the 
plains  and  river-bottoms  is  fertile.  Cattle,  wool,  wheat, 
barley,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Scattered  groves 
of  oak  trees  occur  in  the  lowlands.  Among  the  other  forest 
trees  is  the  Sequoia  gigantea,  which  hero  attains  the  height 
of  275  feet  or  more.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad  (Visalia  division).  Capital,  Vi- 
salia.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $3,844,990. 
Pop.  in  1870,  4533;  in  1880,  11,281. 

Tulare,  a  post-village  and  important  shipping-point 
of  Tulare  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Vis.alia  division  of  the  Central 
Pacific  Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of  Goshen.     Pop.  (1880)  447 

Tulare  Lake,  California,  is  in  the  AV.  part  of  Tulare 
CO.,  and  touches  the  N.  border  of  Kern  co.  It  has  a  round- 
ish form,  and  is  about  33  miles  long  and  22  miles  wide.  It 
is  supplied  by  several  streams, — namely,  Kern,  King's,  Ka- 
weah, and  Tule  Rivers.     It  has  no  visible  outlet. 

Tularosa,  too-Ii-ro's.\,  a  ])08t-village  of  Dona  Ana  Co., 
New  Mexico.     It  has  a  church.      Pop.  in  1880,  549. 

Tul'bagh,  a  village  of  Cape  Colony,  in  South  Africa^ 
37  miles  N.N.W.  of  Worcester.     Pop.  548. 

Tuldjn,  a  town  of  Roumania.     See  Toolcha. 

Tule  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co.,  Oregon. 

Tule  River,  a  township  of  Tulare  co.,  Cal.     P.  1098. 

Tulija,  or  Tulixa,  too-lee'Hd,  a  river  of  Mexico,  stata 
of  Tabasco,  tributary  to  the  Usumasinta. 

Tu'lin,  a  post-office  of  Cabarrus  co.,  N.C. 

Tu'lip,  a  post-village  of  Dallas  co..  Ark.,  about  55  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Little  Rock.  It  has  4  churches,  an  academy,  a 
grist-mill,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Tulip,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  CO.,  Mo. 

Tulip,  a  post-office  of  Fannin  co.,  Te.^. 

Tu'lip  Creek,  Arkansas,  enters  the  Ouachita  River  a 
few  miles  above  Camden. 

Tulla,  tul'lS.,  a  town  of  Arabia,  district  of  Yemen,  30 
miles  W.N.AV.  of  Sana. 

Tul'lah,  or  Tulloh,  tul'lgh,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Clare,  9^  miles  N.E.  of  Ennis.     Pop.  861. 

Tullahoma,  Jones  co..  Miss.    See  Tallahoma. 

TuPlaho'ina,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of 
Coffee  CO.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis 
Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  McMinnville  <fc  Man- 
chester Railroad,  69  miles  S.S.E.  of  Nashville.  It  is  an 
important  railroad  station,  and  has  8  churches,  an  acad- 
emy, 2  flour-mills,  and  a  woollen-factory.     P.  (1880)  1083. 

Tullamore,  tuTla-mor',  a  town  of  Ireland,  capital  of 
King's  CO.,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Clodagh,  and  on  the  Grand 
Canal,  in  the  Bog  of  Allen,  50  miles  W.S.W.  of  Dublin.  It 
has  risen  since  1790  from  a  small  village.  It  is  the  prin- 
cipal shipping-station  on  the  Grand  Canal.     Pop.  5179. 

Tul'lamore,  a  post-hamlet  in  Dillon  township,  Taze- 
well CO.,  111.,  5  miles  W.  of  llopedale,  and  14  miles  S.E.  of 
Pekin. 

Tullamore,  a  post-village  in  Cardwell  co.,  Ontario,  9 
miles  N.W.  of  Malton.     Pop.  250. 

Tulle,  tun,  a  town  of  France,  capital  of  the  depart- 
ment of  Correze,  on  the  Correze,  at  its  confluence  with  the 
Soulane,  45  miles  S.S.E.  of  Limoges.  It  has  a  cathedral,  a 
communal  college,  normal  school,  public  library,  prison, 
barracks,  and  hospital,  with  manufactures  of  coarse  woollen 
cloths,  hats,  paper,  wa.x  candles,  and  leather,  and  an  ex- 
tensive national  factory  of  fire-arms.  Pop.  11,033,  Three 
miles  N.  are  the  ruins  of  Tintignac. 

Tullins,  tUri^No',  a  market-town  of  France,  in  Isere, 
18  miles  N.W.  of  Grenoble.  Pop.  3393.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  edge-tools,  ribbons,  steel,  and  machinery. 

Tulln,  tooln,  a  walled  town  of  Lower  Austria,  17  milea 
N.W.  of  Vienna,  on  the  Danube.     Pop.  2286. 

Tulloh,  a  town  of  Ireland.    See  Tullah. 

TuI'low,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Dublin,  on  the 
Slaney,  here  crossed  by  a  stone  bridge,  8  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Carlow.     Pop.  2148.     It  has  a  castle  of  the  twelfth  century. 

TuHuBi}  the  ancient  name  of  Toui.. 


TtJL 


26G0 


TUN 


Tullvania,  tni-va'ne-^,  a  post-ofBoe  of  Maoon  oo., 
Mo.,  ubout  24  miles  N.W.  of  Maoun  City. 

Tul'IV)  a  post-village  in  Tully  township,  Onondaga 
eo.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Syrnouso,  Binghanilon  &  Now  York  Ilail- 
road,  21  miles  S.  of  Syracuse,  and  12  miles  N.  of  Homer. 
It  has  H  churches,  a  wagon-factory,  and  a  checse-fuotory. 
Pop.  in  1880,  434;  of  the  township,  1476. 

Tiilly,  a  township  of  Marion  oo.,  0.     Pop.  770. 

Tully,  a  township  of  Van  Wert  co.,  0.     Pop.  1064. 

Tiil'lytowii,  a  post-village  in  Falls  township,  Bucks 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Philadelphia  <t 
Trenton  Kailroivd,  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Tronton.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  150. 

Tul'ly  VaI'ley,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Onondaga 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Tully  township,  about  15  miles  S.  of  Syracuse. 

Tnlmaro,  or  Tulniero,  Venezuela.    See  Tuhmkro. 

Tulola,  too-lo'i&,  a  small  island  of  Russia,  near  the  N. 
shore  of  Lake  Ladoga,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Laskila,  which 
here  forms  a  fine  cascade.  It  is  about  6  miles  in  circum- 
ference, and  contains  tine  granite-quarries. 

Tiiloma,  too-lo'mi,  a  river  of  Russia,  in  the  govern- 
inent  of  Archangel,  flows  N.E.  into  the  Arctic  Occin. 

Titloiir,  too-loor',  or  Toloar,  to-lo'an,  the  largest  of 
the  Salibabo  Islands,  in  the  Jlalay  Archipelago,  between 
Oilolo  and  Mindanao.  Lat.  4°  28'  N.;  Ion.  126°  65'  E. 
Circuit,  about  80  miles.  Surface  very  varied.  It  is  popu- 
lous, and  pretty  well  cultivated. 

Tul^pehock'en,  a  township  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  about 
20  miles  W.N.W.  of  Reading.     Pop.  2013. 

Tuipehocken,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Jefferson  township,  about  15  miles  N.W.  of  Reading. 
,  Tulpehockeii   Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises   in  Leb- 
anon CO.,  runs  nearly  eastward,  and  enters  the  Schuylkill 
Uiver  in  Berks  co.,  about  2  miles  above  Reiuling. 

Tul'sa,  a  post-office  of  the  Creek  Nation,  Ind.  Terr. 

Tuitcha,  or  Tul4ja,  Roumania.     See  Toolciia. 

Tulum'ba,  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  near  the  llavce,  50 
miles  N.E.  of  Mooltan. 

Tumaco,  too-mi'ko,  or  Gorgoiiilla,  gou-go-ncoryl, 
an  island  off  the  W.  coast  of  Ecuador,  88  miles  N.E.  of 
Esmcraldas. 

Tumat,  Central  Africa.     See  Toohat. 

Tumbaia,  toom-bi'ld,  a  village  of  Me.\ico,  state  of 
Chiapas,  70  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ciudad  Real. 

Tum'belan'  Islands,  a  group  of  the  Malay  Archi- 
pelago, between  Borneo  and  the  Malay  Peninsula.  Lat. 
of  Great  Island,  1°  N.,  Ion.  107°  34'  E.  Principal  island, 
Tumbelan,  5  miles  in  length. 

Tumbez,  toom'bds  or  toom'bith,  a  town  of  Peru,  on 
the  Tumbez  River,  near  the  Pacific,  70  miles  N.W,  of  Loja. 
Here  the  Spaniards  first  disembarked  in  1526. 

Tumble,  tum'b'l,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hunterdon  co., 
N.J.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  and  on  the  Belvidere  Delaware 
Railroad,  27  miles  N.W.  of  Trenton. 

Tuin'bling  Creek,  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Tennes- 
see, flows  S.W.,  and  enters  Duck  River  on  its  right  bank, 
in  Humphreys  co. 

Tumbling  Shoals,  a  post-hamlet  of  Laurens  co., 
B.C.,  on  Reedy  River,  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ilonea  Path.  It 
has  a  grist-mill  and  a  s.aw-mill. 

Tumbudra,  India.    See  Toosibuddra. 

Tunien,  a  river  of  Corea.    See  Toomen. 

TumMook',  or  Tamluk,  tilmMook',  a  town  of  Ben- 
gal, 35  miles  S.W.  of  Calcutta.  It  was  anciently  a  place 
of  great  note,  and  stood  upon  the  sea-shore  as  late  as  635 
A.O.,  but  is  now  60  miles  from  the. sea.  It  is  a  place  of 
pilgrimage  and  has  some  remarkable  temples.     Pop.  5849. 

'rura'mel,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Perth,  is  an  afflu- 
ent of  the  Tay.     Length,  58  miles. 

Tu'muli,  a  township  of  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  267. 

Tumwater,  ttim'wa-t?r,  a  post-village  of  Thurston  co., 
Washington,  on  the  Des  Chutes  River,  at  the  S.  end  of 
Puget  Sound,  2  miles  S.  of  Olympia.  It  has  great  water- 
power,  a  church,  2  flour-mills,  a  saw-mill,  a  tannery,  2 
sash-  and  blind-factories,  a  chair-factory,  <fec.     Pop.  206. 

Tn'na,  Tu^uamaguont',  or  Tu^negawant',  a 
creek  which  rises  near  the  centre  of  McKean  co..  Pa.,  flows 
N.  past  Bradford  into  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  and  joins  the 
Alleghany  River  near  Carrollton. 

Tuna  Creek,  a  post-ofiice  of  McKean  co.,  Pa.,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Bradford. 

Tunama,  a  river  of  Brazil.     See  Itunama. 

Tun'bridge,  or  Ton'bridge,  a  town  of  England, 
00.  of  Kent,  on  the  Medway,  at  a  railway  junction,  27  miles 
6,E.  of  London.  Pop.  8209.  It  is  a  quiet  old  town,  with 
atone  bridges  over  five  arms  of  the  Medway,  one  of  which 
arms  is  called  the  Tun.     Principal  edifices,  the  grammar- 


school,  the  town  hall,  union  workhouse,  nmrket-lioure 
church,  chapels,  Ac,  and  fine  reuiiiins  of  a  Norimin  l•ll^tle' 
Tunbridge  has  long  been  noted  for  a  manufuolory  of  ioti 
and  turned  wares,  and  it  has  some  exports  of  limber. 

Tuubridgc,  tiin'brlj,  a  jtost-villngo  in  Tunbri.i.-, 
township.  Orange  oo.,  Vt.,  on  the  East  Branch  of  Wljil, 
River,  5  miles  N.  of  South  Royallon  Station,  nnU  kboiii  30 
miles  S.  of  Montpclier.  The  township  couuiins  a  villni;, 
named  North  Tunbridge,  and  has  uiunufacturos  of  woull.  i 
goods,  ploughs,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  townshij),  1405. 

Tunbridge   Wells,  a  town  and  watering-place  ' 
England,  cos.  of  Kent  and  Surrey,  5  miles  by  rail  ts.S.\'. 
of  Tunbridge.     The  springs  are  chalybeate.    Tbo  puini 
room  and  baths,  public  parade,  ball-rooms,  libraricn,  Ibeainj, 
and  market-house  are  in  a  small  valley  enclosed  by  Lilli, 
on  which  are  excellent  hotels  and  many  elegant  viilaj.    Ij 
has  a  church  and  elegant   chapel,  numerous   dissenting 
cliapela,  an  infirmary,  a  dispensary,  many  schools,  and  lit. 
erury  institutions.     Pop.  19,410. 

Tuncha,  tanVhi',  a  town  of  China,  province  of  Ngao. 
Iloei,  about  20  miles  from  lloci-Choo-Poo,  to  wliichltformi 
a  kind  of  port.  Lnt.  29°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  118°  30'  E.  It  in 
large,  busy,  and  thriving  place,  and  carries  on  a  very  ex- 
tensive  trade,  especially  in  green  tea,  the  greater  part  nf 
which  is  sent  down  the  river,  and  thence  onward  to  SLan.- 
hai,  being  shipped  here.     Pop.  about  150,000. 

Tundja,  a  river  of  Roumelia.    See  Too.nja, 

Tunetum,  or  Tunes.    See  Tunis. 

Tung,  several  cities  of  China.    See  Tung-Chaho. 

Tun'gatoor',  a  town  of  India,  Nellore  district,  15 
miles  S.  of  Ongole.     Pop.  7055. 

Tung-Chang,  toong'ching'  or  tDng'chlng',  a  city  of 
China,  province  of  Shan-Toong,  on  the  river  Ta-Tcin,  near 
the  Grand  Canal,  60  miles  S.W.  of  Tsee-Xan.  It  is  larje, 
])0])ulous,  and  has  a  flourishing  trade.  Among  its  public, 
edifices  is  an  octagonal  tower  of  8  stories,  faced  with  porce- 
lain.— TuNO-CniNO,  Tukg-Chaw,  Tung-Yang,  Ac,  ore  the 
names  of  Chinese  cities  and  towns  of  minor  importance. 

Tung-Kiang,  a  river  of  China.    See  Toonc-Kia.n«. 

Tungow-Ching,  a  town  of  China.    See  Wa.nchow. 

Tungri,  the  ancient  name  of  Tongkes. 

Tung-Shan,  China.    See  Tongsax. 

Tung-Ting-Hoo,  China.    See  Tono-Tixg-Hoo. 

Tunguragua,  toong-goo-rS,'gwi  or  toon-goo-ri'wi,  a 
name  of  the  river  Amazon  in  the  upper  part  of  its  coui- 
in  North  Peru.    See  Amazon. 

Tunguragua,  a  volcano  of  Ecuador.  Lat.  1'  29'  fc.; 
Ion.  79°  20'  W.     Height,  16,579  feet. 

Tunguses,  Siberia.    See  Toongooses. 

Tunguska,  three  rivers  of  Siberia.    See  Tooxcooska. 

Tu'nica,  a  county  in  the  extreme  N.W.  part  of  .Mis- 
sissippi, borders  on  Arkansas.  Area,  about  850  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.AV.  and  W.  by  the  Mis'i'- 
sippi  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Coldwater  River.  Tin 
Tallahatchce  River  touches  the  S.E.  part  of  the  counlv. 
The  surface  is  level  and  partly  subject  to  inundation.  A 
large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  cypreff, 
hickory,  magnolia,  oak,  walnut,  Ao.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  Cnpital, 
Austin.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $3,08U,737. 
Pop.  in  1870,  5358j  in  1880,  8461. 

Tunis,  tu'niss  or  too'niss,  one  of  the  Barbary  States  of 
North  Africa,  long  nominally  dependent  on  Turkey,  is  fit- 
uated  between  lat.  .31°  and  37°  N.  and  Ion.  8°  and  11°  K. 
It  is  bounded  N.  and  N.E.  by  the  Mediterranean,  S.E.  by 
Tripoli,  S.  and  S.W.  by  the  Great  Desert  or  Sahara,and  W. 
by  Algeria  ;  greatest  length,  from  N.  to  S.,  about  440  miles; 
mean  breadth,  measured  on  the  parallel  of  35°,  160  miles; 
area,  estimated  at  70,000  square  miles.  In  the  const  are 
three  remarkable  indentations,  forming  the  Bay  of  Tunis 
on  the  N.,  and  the  Gulfs  of  Hammamet  and  Cabes,  or  tl ' 
Lesser  Syrtis,  on  the  E.  Capo  Blanco,  on  the  N.W.,  is  tl;'. 
most  N.  point  of  the  African  continent.  The  interior  i- 
imperfectly  known.  The  N.W.  portion,  lying  between  tl;' 
frontiers  of  Algeria  on  the  W.  and  the  valley  of  MejcrU 
on  tiie  S.  and  E.,  is  traversed  by  a  range  of  mountain- 
which,  entering  from  the  W.,  spread  over  the  whole  ili- 
trict.  These  mountains  are  estimated  to  have  an  elevation 
of  from  4000  feet  to  5000  feet,  and  are  covered  with  timber. 
Between  the  mountains  and  tho  Gulf  of  Hammamet  on  the 
E.  stretches  the  plateau  of  Kairwan,  about  100  miles  long, 
by  30  wide,  nearly  destitute  of  trees,  and,  except  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  town  of  Kairwan,  uncultivated.  The  only 
river  of  any  consequence  is  tl'«  Mejerda  (anc  liiujradan) 
Tho  only  other  remarkable  expanse  of  water  is  the  great 
lake  of  Al  Sibkah,  situated  far  to  the  S.,  on  the  borders  oi 
the  Sahara.     It  is  about  70  miles  long,  by  25  broad,  but, 


TUN 


2661 


TUN 


»,h  the  exception  of  its  S.  part,  becomes  dry  in  summer, 
ven  a  layer  of  salt  is  found  deposited  on  its  bed.  Tlio 
onato  is  excellent,  the  atmosphere  being  genenilly  pure 
til  wholesome  and  the  excessive  summer  heats  moderated 
.  1;  sea-breezes,  llains  fall  at  intervals  from  November  to 
,'ril,  but  almost  uninterrujited  droughts  prevail  during 
t|  rest  of  the  year.  In  ancient  times  it  was  one  of  the 
(Inaries  of  Rome,  but,  owing  to  the  extortions  of  the  gov- 
u  mcnt,  large  tracts  capable  of  yielding  productive  returns 
riain  in  a  state  of  nature.  The  principal  crops  are 
veat,  barley,  and  maize;  olives  also  are  extensively  raised, 
n I  date-plantations  furnish  the  principal  subsistence  of 
t  inhabitants.  Tobacco  is  largely  cultivated,  and  cotton, 
i  igo,  saffron,  and  opium  are  grown.  Copper,  lead,  silver, 
a  I  salt,  from  Sibkah,  are  among  the  mineral  products,  and 
Ar  Porto-Farina  is  a  quicksilver-mine;  but  mining,  like 
aliculturo,  is  very  backward.  The  principal  domestic 
ajmals  are  mules,  oxen,  and  camels ;  on  several  parts  of 
t]  coast  the  fisheries,  including  that  of  coral,  are  valuable, 
.iparto  grass  is  one  of  the  principal  exports. 

fhe  manufactures  consist  chiefly  of  woollen  fabrics,  more 
ejecially  the  beretti  or  red  caps,  known  all  over  the  Medi- 
tfanean,  soap,  both  soft  and  hard,  made  on  an  extensive 
8'|le,  dyed  skins,  and  ordinary  and  morocco  leather.  Car- 
ains  come  annually  from  Central  Africa,  bringing  slaves, 
sma,  ostrich  feathers,  gold-dust,  gum,  and  ivory,  which 
al  exchanged  for  manufactured  goods,  spices,  and  gun- 
plrdcr.  Others,  from  Constantinople,  bring  wax,  dried 
sns,  cattle,  and  sheep,  in  return  for  muslins  and  other 
^^i'en  fabrics,  Tunis  mantles,  colonial  produce,  essences, 
.  *  The  principal  imports  by  sea  are  cochineal,  raw  silk, 
cjoe,  sugar,  woollen  cloths,  wines,  and  coin.  The  inhabit- 
a!s,  amounting  to  about  1,500,000,  consist  of  a  mixture 
ojMoors,  Arabs,  Turks,  negroes,  Kabyles,  and  Jews,  with 
a^jw  Christians.  The  state  religion  is  Mohammedanism. 
Itj  government  is  exercised  by  an  hereditary  bey,  or  king, 
noinally  subject  to  the  Turkish  Sultan.  Since  the  war 
0|l881-82  the  country  has  been  under  French  protection, 
a{[  is  governed  jointly  by  French  and  Tunisian  officers. 
Tire  are  several  lines  of  railway.  Besides  Tunis,  the 
olital,  the  chief  towns  are  Soosa,  llammamet,  Bizerta^ 
Sx,  Cabes,  Monastir,  Gafsa,  Kairwan,  and  Beja. 

runis  (anc.  Tune'tum,  or  Tu'nes  ;  (ir.  Touns  or  Tovvtt), 
apaport  town,  capital  of  the  above  state,  at  the  mouth  of 
tlj  Mejerda,  on  the  W.  side  of  an  oval  lagoon,  connected 
bja  narrow  strait  with  a  bay  of  the  same  name,  and  on  a 
lite  and  beautiful  plain  bounded  in  the  distance  by  lofty 
nantains,  400  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Algiers.  Lat.  30°  48'  N.; 
Id  10°  24'  E.  It  is  surrounded  by  walls,  and  defended  by 
airong  castle  completely  commanding  the  Goletta,  or  nar- 
T(  strait  already  mentioned,  and  by  several  detached  forts 
iiDther  directions.  The  streets  are  narrow,  uneven,  un- 
pied,  and  filthy  in  the  extreme;  the  houses  are  of  stone 
o^rick,  generally  of  very  mean  appearance,  consisting 
01/  of  a  single  story  without  exterior  windows.  The  in- 
tcior,  however,  in  the  form  of  a  court,  with  the  apart- 
K|its  ranged  round  it,  is  often  fitted  up  with  Oriental 
ir];ni licence.  Water  is  abundantly  supplied,  partly  from 
cilerns  placed  on  the  flat  roof  of  each  to  collect  the  rain, 
a,}  partly  by  an  aqueduct.  The  public  buildings  include  a 
gilt  number  of  mosques,  several  of  them  handsome;  the 
b  's  palace;  several  large  and  well-arranged  barracks,  one 
oWbich  is  fitted  to  accommodate  4000  men ;  a  Moorish 
cclege  for  theology  and  jurisprudence,  many  other  schools, 
scpral  synagogues,  a  Roman  Catholic  and  a  Greek  church, 
a|loman  Catholic  convent,  a  theatre,  several  elegant  public 
bus,  and  extensive  and  well-furnished  bazaars.  The 
ppcipal  manufactures  are  linen  and  woollen  cloths,  red 
wjllen  caps,  pottery,  mantles,  embroidery,  ordinary  and 
nfocco  leather,  and  various  essences  of  musk,  rose,  and 
jj;uine.  Principal  exports,  oil,  beretti  or  Tunis  caps,  soap, 
gjn  and  pulse,  wool,  hides,  bones,  rags,  cattle,  tunny-fish, 
sj^ges,  senna,  wax,  gold-dust,  elejjhants'  teeth,  &o.;  prin- 
ci^l  imports,  cotton,  linen,  and  woollen  goods,  tin,  lead, 
a;  iron,  raw  and  manufactured,  coffee,  sugar,  spices,  &c. 
T;i  city  is  the  terminus  of  2  or  3  short  lines  of  railway. 

I'unis  is  situated  about  3  miles  to  the  S.W.  of  the  ruins 
o*»ncient  Carthage,  and  it  is  itself  a  place  of  great  an- 
tiiiity  and  has  been  the  scene  of  many  important  histori- 
Ciievents.  During  the  Punic  wars  it  was  repeatedly  taken 
a;  retaken.  In  439  it  fell  into  the  bauds  of  the  Vandals, 
b|  having  been  wrested  from  them  about  a  century  there- 
a'jr  by  Belisarius,  it  continued  to  be  subject  to  the  Greek 
Fjpire  till  the  end  of  the  seventh  century,  when  Northern 
^ica  became  a  dependency  of  the  caliphs  of  Bagdad.  In 
li6,  Tunis  became  an  absolute  sovereignty,  under  Aboo- 
Fiez.   About  this  time  it  became  notorious  for  its  piracies, 


and  in  1270  Louis  IX.  of  France,  in  a  chivalrous  attempt 
to  suppress  them,  lost  both  his  army  and  his  life.  The  last 
of  the  Tunisian  kings,  Muley-Hassan,  having  been  de- 
prived of  his  throne  by  the  pirate  Barbarossa  II.  in  1531, 
had  recourse  to  the  Emperor  Charles  V.,  who  restored  him 
but  made  his  kingdom  tributary  to  Spain.  It  so  continued 
till  1574,  when  it  was  subjugated  by  the  Turks,  who  were 
ultimately  obliged  to  allow  the  Moors  to  elect  their  own 
bey,  only  reserving  to  themselves  the  power  of  confirming 
the  election  and  exacting  a  tribute,  which  ceased  in  1871. 
The  piracies  of  the  Tunisians  subjected  them  to  severe 
chastisements,  first  from  the  British  under  Admiral  Blake, 
and  afterwards  from  France  and  Holland.  In  1810  they 
engaged  forever  to  renounce  piracy  and  Christian  slavery. 
Pop.  125,000,  of  whom  about  25,000  are  Jews  and  5000 
Christians,  the  remainder  being  chiefly  Moors,  Arabs,  and 

negroes. Adj.  and  inhab.  Tunisian,  too-nec'she-an,  and 

TuNisiNE,  too-n§-seen'.  These  terms,  perhaps  more  prop 
erly  applied  to  the  city  of  Tunis,  may  also  be  extended  to 
the  state.    See  also  Gulf  and  Lagoon  of  Tunis. 

Tu'nis,  a  post-village  of  Burleson  co.,  Tex.,  11  miles 
from  Caldwell,  and  10  miles  from  Bryan.  It  has  a  church, 
2  stores,  and  a  ste.am  mill. 

Tunis'  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Talbot  co.,  Md.,  on  a 
navigable  inlet  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  5  miles  from  Easton. 
It  has  a  saw-mill,  a  planing-mill,  a  machine-shop,  &o. 
Pop.  230. 

Tunja,  toong'ni,  a  town  of  the  United  States  of  Co- 
lombia, capital  of  the  state  of  Boyaca,  70  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Bogota.  Pop.  7000.  It  has  mineral  springs,  several  con- 
vents, a  college,  a  military  hospital,  manufactures  of  woveu 
fabrics,  and  a  large  trade  in  tobacco. 

Tunkhannock,  tiink-hawn'niik,  a  post-borough,  capi- 
tal of  Wyoming  co..  Pa.,  in  Tunkhannock  township,  on  the 
North  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  at  the  mouth  of 
Tunkhannock  Creek,  32  miles  N.  by  W.  of  AVilkesbarre,  23 
miles  S.  of  Montrose,  and  about  22  miles  W.N. W.  of  Scran- 
ton.  It  is  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  at  its  junction 
with  the  Montrose  Railroad.  It  has  a  neat  court-house,  4 
churches,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  2  newspaper  offices, 
6  hotels,  a  tannery,  a  foundry,  2  planing-mills,  and  agricul- 
tural works.     Pop.  in  1880,  1116;  of  the  township,  1354. 

Tunkhan'iiock,  township,  Monroe  co..  Pa.    Pop.  263. 

Tunkhannock  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Sus- 
quehanna CO.,  runs  southwestward,  and  enters  the  North 
Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River  at  Tunkhannock. 

Tunkhannock  Mountain,  Pennsylvania,  occupies 
the  N.E.  part  of  Wyoming  co. 

Tun'nel,  a  station  in  Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Albany 
<fc  Susquehanna  Railroad,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Binghamton. 

Tunnel,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Washington  co.,  0., 
on  the  Marietta  <fe  Cincinnati  Railroad,  about  6  miles  W. 
by  S.  of  Marietta. 

Tunnel,  a  station  in  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Central 
Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  5  miles  N.W.  of  White  Haven. 

Tunnel  City,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co..  Wis.,  in 
Greenfield  township,  at  Greenfield  Station  on  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  Tomah,  and 
14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sjjarta.  It  has  2  churches,  a  wagon  ■ 
shop,  and  a  money-order  post-office. 

Tunnel  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Whitfield  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Western  <fc  Atlantic  Railroad,  7  miles  N.AV.  of  Balton. 
It  has  an  academy  and  3  churches.  The  railroad  hero 
passes  through  a  tunnel  1474  feet  long. 

Tunnel  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  co..  111.,  on 
the  Cairo  &  Vincennes  Railroad,  44  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cairo. 
It  has  a  church. 

Tunnel  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Hardin  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Elizabeth- 
town. 

Tunnel  Hill,  a  station  in  Lauderdale  co..  Miss.,  on 
the  Vicksburg  &  Meridian  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  Me- 
ridian. 

Tunnel  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.,  10 
miles  N.  of  Dresden. 

Tunnel  Mill,  a  post-oflBcc  of  Perry  co.,  Ky. 

Tun'nelton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  East  Fork  of  White  River,  and  on  the  Ohio  &  Missis- 
sippi Railroad,  73  miles  E.  of  Vincennes.     It  has  a  churi;h. 

Tunnelton,  a  post-hamlot  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa.,  on 
Conemaugh  Creek,  at  Kelley's  Station  on  the  Western 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Blairsvllle.  It 
has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  fire-brick  and  salt. 

Tunnelton,  a  post-village  of  Preston  co.,  \V.  Va.,  on 
the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  20  miles  E.  of  Grafton.     It 
has  2  churches,  and  a  foundry  with  a  machine-shop.     The 
I  railroad  here  passes  through  a  tunnel. 


TClX 


2662 


TUR 


Tnns'bnrfC,  townRhip,  Chippewa  oo.,  Minn.     Pop.  420. 

Tun'stall,  a  ninrkct-town  and  ohnpelry  of  England,  eo. 
of  Sin ftbril,  4  miles  N.N.K.  of  Newcaetlo-under-Lyme.  Pop. 
in  IS7I,  18,540.  The  ohurch  is  a  handsutue  edifice,  and 
hero  is  a  noat  court-house.  In  the  vicinity  are  numerous 
collieries,  extensive  potteries,  large  ohomioal  works,  and 
productive  veins  of  clay  and  iron  ore. 

Tunstall's,  tQn'stalt,  a  nogt-villago  of  Now  Kent  oo., 
Va.,  on  the  Kiohmond,  York  Kivcr  &  Chesapeake  liuilroad, 
20  miles  E.  of  Iliohmond.     It  has  a  church,  4  stores,  A.O. 

Tiinuyan,  too-noo-yin',  a  river  of  the  Argentine  Re- 
public, province  of  Mcndoza,  after  an  E.  course  of  20U  niilos 
is  lost  In  a  lake  of  the  Llanos.    Lat.  34°  S. ;  Ion.  66°  30'  W. 

Tuolumne,  twol'um-ne,  a  county  of  California,  is  near 
the  middle  of  the  state.  Area,  estimated  at  2300  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Stanislaus  Uiver, 
and  is  drained  by  the  Tuolumne  Kivcr  and  the  Middle  Fork 
of  the  Stanislaus.  The  surface  is  mostly  mountainous,  ex- 
cept the  western  part,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  for- 
ests of  the  fir,  pine,  and  other  evergreen  trees.  The  Sierra 
Nevada  extends  along  the  eastern  border  of  this  county. 
Near  the  Stanislaus  River  is  Table  Mountain,  which  is 
composed  of  basaltic  lava,  is  about  30  miles  long  and  2000 
feet  high,  and  has  a  flat  top  and  perpendicular  sides.  Gold, 
wine,  and  lumber  are  the  chief  articles  of  export.  Fine 
marble  of  various  colors  is  found  here.  This  county  bos 
an  abundance  of  grapes  and  other  fruits.  Capital,  Sonora. 
Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $1,895,846.  Pop.  in 
1860,  16,229;  in  1870,8150;  in  1880,  7848. 

Tuolumne  River,  California,  rises  at  the  base  of  the 
Sierra  Nevada,  in  the  E.  part  of  Tuolumne  co.,  which  it 
intersects.  It  runs  in  a  W.S.W.  direction,  and  enters  the 
San  Joaquin  River  in  Stanislaus  co.,  about  25  miles  S.  of 
Stockton,  after  a  course  of  about  175  miles.  Gold  is  found 
near  this  river. 

Tuparro,  too-pan'Ro,  a  river  of  South  America,  in  the 
United  States  of  Colombia,  joins  the  Orinoco  after  an  E. 
course  of  200  miles. 

Tu'pcio,  a  post-vill.ige,  capital  of  Lee  co..  Miss.,  on 
Old  Town  Creek  and  the  Mobile  it  Ohio  Railroad,  50  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Corinth,  and  about  50  miles  E.  of  Oxford.  It 
has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  6  churches.     P.  1008. 

Tupisa,  or  Tupiza,  too-pee'si,  a  town  of  Bolivi.a, 
department  and  140  miles  S.  of  Chuquisaca  (Sucre).  Pop. 
6000.     Near  it  are  silver-mines. 

Tupiza,  a  river  of  South  America.     See  Pilaya. 

Tup'per's  Plains,  a  post-hamlet  of  Meigs  co.,  0., 
about  15  miles  N.E.  of  I'omeroy. 

Tup'perville,  a  post-village  in  Annapolis  co..  Nova 
Scotia,  on  Annapolis  River,  5  miles  from  Bridgetown. 

Tiippul,  a  town  of  India.     See  Tappul. 

Tupp'ville,  township,  Ottawa  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  250. 

Tuplee,  a  river  of  India.     See  Taptke. 

Tiipniigato,  too-poong-gi'to,  one  of  the  Chilian 
Andes,  45  miles  E.  of  Santiago  de  Chili.  Lat.  33"  10'  S. 
Height,  15,000  feet. 

Tuque,  tuk,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co.,  Mo. 

Tura,  a  river  of  West  Siberia.     See  Toora. 

Tur*aboo',  one  of  the  Society  Islands,  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean.     Estimated  pop.  2O00. 

Turan,  too-rin'  (Pers.  "land  of  light"),  a  name  ap- 
plied vaguely  by  Orientalists  and  geographers  to  a  region 
in  the  S.W.  of  Toorkistan  (including  Khiva,  Bokhara,  and 
the  adjacent  countries),  as  distinguished  from  Iran,  or 
Nortlicastcrn  and  E.astern  Persia.  The  name  Turanian  is 
applied  by  many  ethnologists  to  a  great  stock  of  languages 
and  races  of  men,  of  which  the  following  branches  are 
recognized:  1,  Magyar-Finnic;  2,  Samoyedic ;  3,  Turkish, 
or  Tartar;  4,  (true)  Mongolian;  5,  Tungoosic;  and  some 
place  the  Dravidian  and  monosyllabic,  and  even  the  Ma- 
lay o- Polynesian  and  American  races,  in  the  same  great 
class.  The  very  ancient  Accad  language  of  Babylonia  is 
regarded  as  Turanian. 

Turan'ga,  or  Pov'erty  Bay,  an  inlet  on  the  E. 
coast  of  New  Zealand,  North  Island.  Lat.  38°  47'  S. ;  Ion. 
178°  7'  E.     Breadth  at  entrance,  8  miles. 

Turate,  too-ri'tA,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy,  province 
of  Como,  6  miles  S.  of  Appiano.     Pop.  2332. 

Turavacara,  a  town  of  India.    See  Tukivicary, 

Turba,  an  ancient  name  of  Tarbes. 

Turbaco,  tooR-iwl'ko,  a  village  of  the  United  States  of 
Colombia,  state  of  Magdalcna,  province  and  12  miles  S.E. 
of  Cartagena. 

Tnrbeuthal,  toon'b^n-tM',  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
16  miles  E.X.E.  of  Zurich,  on  the  Toco.  Pop.  2128.  Near 
It  is  the  castle  of  Landenberg. 

Tar'bett,  a  township  of  Juniata  co..  Pa.     Pop.  714. 


Tur'beville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Halifax  oo.,  Vt.  Sail 
from  News  Ferry  Railroad  Station. 

Tur'bot,  townnhip,  Northumberland  oo.,  Pa,   p,  igy 

Tur'botville,  a  po^t-borough  in  Lewis  lowniLi 
Northumberland  oo.,  I'a.,  about  15  miles  N.W.  of  I)aDtiii 
It  has  a  coach-factory  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  417, 

Turbut,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Tooiibdot. 

Turchia,  Turc,  or  Turco.    See  Tukkkv. 

Turcoin^,  a  town  of  France.    See  Tourcoino. 

Turcomans,  Asia.    See  Toorkomans. 

Turcaud,  tu-ro',  a  post-office  of  St.  James puriih.  I.j 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  75  miles  above  New  Oil 

Turcgano,  too-r&-g&'no,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  <>  i 
tile,  province  and  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Segovia.    IVi..  i   , 

Turek,  Russia.     See  Toorek. 

Turcnne,  tii*r<Snn',  a  town  of  France,  in  Con^if, 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Brives-la-Gaillarde.  It  hns  mini  of  i; 
ancient  castle  of  the  family  of  Turcnne.     Pop.  1768. 

Tnrenum,  a  supposed  ancient  name  of  Trani. 

Turl'an,  a  town  of  Chinese  Toorkiiitan.    Sea  Toorpa) 

Turi,  too'ree,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  18  mlU 
S.S.E.  of  Bari.     Pop.  5920. 

Turi,  too-ree',  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  of  Marubb 
40  miles  N.N.W.  of  Quimaraens. 

Turia,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Quadalaviar. 

Turiassu,  a  river  of  Brazil.    See  Turvassu. 

Turicum,  the  ancient  name  of  Ziinicii. 

TurUa,  too-rce'yi  (?),  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  th 
S.W.  of  Volhynia,  flows  N.N.E.  through  extensive  monuxi 
and  joins  the  Pripets  after  a  course  of  about  100  iniv- 

Turikaray,  tiirM-kil-ri',  or  Tarikere,  tin 
a  town  of  India,  in  Mysore,  54  miles  N.W.  of  Seringa  i 
Pop.  5302. 

Turin,  tu'rin  (Fr.pron.tii*riN»';  It.  Torino,  to-reo'no 
anc.  Taura'tia,  afterwards  Augua'ta  Tnurino'rum),  it  cil; 
of  Italy,  capital  of  Piedmont  and  of  the  province  of  TJ 
rin,  beautifully  situated  in  a  fertile  plain,  surrounded  b; 
the  Alps,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Dora  Ripnira  with  thi 
Po,  79  miles  W.S.W.  of  Milan.  Each  river  is  here  crowei 
by  a  magnificent  bridge.  The  general  nppcarance  of  th< 
city  and  its  environs  is  scarcely  surpassed  by  any  citj  ii 
Europe.  It  was  at  one  time  surrounded  by  walls,  and  ib 
large  and  imposing  citadel  still  remains,  but  all  tho  othei 
fortifications  have  been  removed,  and  the  site  occupied  bj 
them  covered  partly  with  finely-planted  walks  and  parti; 
with  magnificent  houses.  The  older  quarters  are  clojtlj 
built,  and  the  streets  are  somewhat  narrow  and  irregiilBri 
but  all  the  modern  portions  have  been  built  on  a  unifonr 
plan,  in  wide  streets  which  intersect  one  another  at  right 
angles  and  thus  form  a  scries  of  square  blocks  and  pilc«  ot 
building,  of  which  the  monotony  is  relieved  by  the  loftinen 
of  the  houses,  their  endless  variety  of  sculptured  front*  anc 
rich  decorations,  and  the  fine  scenery.  Some  of  the  princi- 
pal streets  are  lined  with  arcades.  There  are  several  lin« 
squares,  among  which  are  the  Piazza  del  Castello,  sur- 
rounded by  splendid  palaces,  the  Piazzi  di  San  Carlo,  al- 
most entirely  surrounded  by  arcades,  the  Piazza  di  Sm 
Giovanni,  and  the  Piazza  dell'  Erbe. 

The  ecclesiastical  edifices  most  deserving  of  notice  vi 
the  cathedral,  having  an  interior  richly  and  elaborately 
decorated,  and  containing  some  good  paintings,  thcchurchw 
of  San  Maurizio,  San  Filippo  Neri,  Santa  Christina,  Cur- 
pus  Christi,  remarkable  for  the  richness  of  its  decoration*, 
La  Consolata,  formed  of  a  combination  of  3  contiguou! 
churches,  Sant'  Andrea,  with  numerous  frescos,  sculpturef, 
and  wood-carvings,  San  Rocco,  in  the  form  of  an  octagon, 
with  a  concave  facade  and  a  dome,  and  La  Gran  Mndre 
di  Dio,  on  which  vast  sums  have  been  expended,  erected  in 
commemoration  of  the  restoration  of  the  royal  family.  In 
addition  to  these  is  a  remarkably  handsome  church  for  the 
Waldenses,  forming  one  of  the  chief  ornaments  of  Turin. 
The  cathedral  was  formerly  very  wealthy  in  plate  and 
jewels,  which  Napoleon  sold  and  applied  tho  proceeds  to 
bridge  the  Po. 

Of  the  edifices  not  ecclesiastical,  the  most  conspicuous  sm 
the  royal  palace ;  the  royal  armory,  considered  one  of  the 
principal  sights  in  Turin  ;  the  old  palace  of  the  Dukes  of 
Savoy,  recently  converted  into  government  offices:  the  cus- 
tom-house; the  town  house,  with  a  lofty  but  un(ini«bed.i 
tower  ;  the  court-houses  ;  the  university,  a  large  and  mag-i 
nificent  building;  the  library,  originally  formed  by  tlienn^l 
cicnt  Dukes  of  Savoy,  now  attached  to  the  university,  con-i 
taining  200,000  volumes;  the  picture-gallery,  with  an  M-| 
tensive  and  valuable  collection;  the  Palazzo  dell' Aeaae-j 
mitt  Reale,  under  the  roof  of  which  are  several  muscun)«,-^i 
an  Egyptian,  with  many  curious  antiquities,  a  museum  on 
natural  history,  particularly  rich  in  minerals,  and  a  ctbin" 


TUR 


2663 


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J  coins  and  medals ;  and  several  theatres,  one  of  them 
hong  the  largest  and  most  splendid  in  Italy. 

Imong  the  educational  establishments,  in  addition  to  the 
iivorsity,  are  the  academy  of  tine  arts,  the  astronomical 
pervatory,  the  seminary,  occupying  an  elegant  structure, 
|b  royal  military  academy,  2  colleges,  and  various  superior 
Id  inferior  schools.  Turin  is  the  see  of  an  archbishop,  and 
j|8  numerous  societies, — economical,  literary,  soientilic,  and 
Aistic.  The  charitable  establishments  include  numerous 
jlh  endowments,  of  which  the  most  interesting  and  im- 
trtant  are  the  llctiro  delle  Rosine,  a  kind  of  religious 
Ipimunity,  in  which  400  girls  are  maintained,  ohiefly  by 
4lr  own  labor;  the  general  hospital  or  intirmary ;  the 
tt)izio  di  Carita,  which  receives  about  1500  inmates;  the 
lule  Albergo  di  Virtil,  a  kind  of  industrial  school ;  the 
matic  asylum  ;  the  Spedale  di  San  Luigi,  a  large  and 
ijll-managed  establishment,  supported  chietly  by  voluntary 
(htribution,  and  giving  relief  not  only  to  numerous  in- 
ites,  but  also  to  an  annual  average  of  1 20,000  out-patients ; 
)|i  the  Compagnia  di  San  Paolo,  embracing  a  great  num- 
jf  of  objects, — education,  marriage-portions,  and  relief  to 
\<i  poverivergognoai,  or  poor  suBering  in  secret. 
jThe  manufactures  of  Turin  consist  chieHy  of  woollen, 
iton,  linen,  and  silk  goods,  wa.\-cloth,  stained  paper,  iron- 
•ngery,  leather,  glass,  carriages,  printing-types,  and  philo- 
4)bical  and  musical  instruments ;  there  are  also  numerous 
(le-works,  silk-mills  and  other  mills,  distilleries,  and  a  royal 
fppowder-manufactory.  The  staple  trade  is  in  silk,  which 
1^  here  its  chief  entrepot,  employs  a  vast  number  of 
Inds,  and  forms  the  principal  source  of  wealth.  Other 
ijicles  of  trade,  in  addition  to  the  above  articles  of  manu- 
liture,  are  corn,  wine,  fruit,  and  liqueurs. 
IChe  foundation  of  Turin  is  generally  attributed  to  a 
(jony  of  Transalpine  origin,  called  Taurini  or  Taurisci. 
ijortly  after  Hannibal's  expulsion  from  Italy  the  Romans 
ijumed  possession,  and  converted  Turin  into  a  Roman 
qony,  which  took  the  name  of  Colonia  Julia,  afterwards 
igusta  Taurinorum.  It  was  taken  and  sanked  by  the 
<tths  under  Alario.  Charlemagne  bestowed  it  as  a  feudal 
tjure  on  its  bishops.  It  was  afterwards  governed  by  the 
lirquises  of  Susa,  with  whom  it  remained  till  conveyed  by 
ilrriage  to  the  Counts  of  Savoy.  la  1418  it  was  declared 
IjAmadeo  V.  the  capital  of  the  states  of  Savoy,  and  rose 
tibe  the  capital  of  Sardinia,  and  from  1860  to  1866  it  was 
tj!  capital  of  the  kingdom  of  Italy.  Under  the  French, 
^in  was  the  capital  of  the  department  of  the  Po.     Pop. 

iilSSl,  2:i0,183  ;  of  commune,  262,832. -Adj.  and  inhab. 

(j.  ToiiiNESE,  to-re-ni'si;  Fr.  Turinois,  tiiVee^nwi'). 
iTurin,  a  province  in  the  N.W.  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont. 
^8  bounded  on  the  W.  by  France,  and  its  northern  por- 
tii  is  traversed  by  lofty  spurs  of  the  Alps.  Area,  3965 
sjare  miles.  Pop.  972,986.  The  capital  of  the  province 
ifurin,  and  Aosta  and  Ivrea  are  towns  of  importance. 
J'u'rin,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co..  Ark.,  16  miles  E.S.E. 
Clifford  Station. 

jTurin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coweta  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Savan- 
ip,  Gritfin  &  North  Alabama  Railroad,  9  miles  S.E.  of 
IjWnan.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  wagon-shop. 
irurin,  a  post-village  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Turin  town- 
gp,  on  the  Utica  <k  Black  River  Railroad,  about  45  miles 
Iby  W.  of  Utiea,  and  10  miles  S.  of  Lowville.  It  has  3 
arches,  a  graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  carriages 
s|l  spring  beds.  Pop.  552;  of  the  township,  1396.  The 
t|rnship  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Black  River. 
Turino,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Torino. 

riiriiisk,  a  town  of  Siberia.     See  TooiussK. 
Turis,  too-reece',  or  Turris,  toou-Kcece',  a  village  of 
fjiin,  province  and  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Valencia.     Pop. 
3^2.     Marble   and   jasper  are   procured   in   its  vicinity. 
Ijre  is  a  very  beautiful  church. 

I'li'rivica'ry,  or  Tu'ravaca'ra,  a  town  of  India, 
iMysore,  52  miles  N.  of  Seringapatam. 
Fiirka,  toou'ki,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  28  miles 
£  .W.  of  Sambor,  with  a  trade  in  tobacco.     Pop.  2908. 
riirkestan.  Central  Asia,    See  Toorkistan. 

Tiirkevi,  tooB-k4'veo',  Turkcva,  toor-kd-vi',  or 
'.irkeve,  toor-ki-vi',  a  village  of  Hungary,  in  Great  Cu- 
I  nia,  on  the  Berettyo,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Kardzag.  Pop. 
1969. 

i'ur'kejr  (Turk.  Otmanli  Vilateti,  os-mdn'lee*  ve-li- 
Ji'ee;  L.  Tur'ciciim  Jmpe'rium;  Fr.  Tiirt/iiie,  tiiri'kce'; 
Cjr.  Tiirket,  tuK'ki;  Dutch,  Turkije,  tuK-k\\h  ;  It.  Tar- 
W,  tooii-kee'i;  Sp.  and  Port.  Turqiiia,  tooii-keo'i),  or 
'ic  Ot'tonian  Em'pirct  comprehending  all  the  coun- 
tpg  in  which  Turkish  supremacy  is  directly  or  indirectly 
rngnized,  inclu.les  some  of  the  fairest  portions  of  the 
Tfld,  and  several  of  its  earliest  and  most  celebrated  seats 


of  civilization.  It  is  not  so  much  a  continuous  dominion, 
as  a  mere  aggregate  of  governments,  often  widely  sepa- 
rated both  by  position  and  by  interest,  and  only  accidentally 
united  by  having  been  the  subjects  of  a  common  conquest. 
It  occupies  the  S.E.  part  of  Europe  and  the  W.  of  Asia, 
and  comprises,  at  least  nominally,  El  Ilejaz  and  Yemen, 
in  Arabia,  and  Egypt,  Nubia,  and  the  beylics  of  Tripoli, 
Tunis,  and  Fezzan,  in  Africa.  Its  capital  is  Constanti- 
nople. The  area  and  population  of  Turkey  are  known  only 
by  estimates,  and  not  as  the  result  of  exact  measurements 
and  of  a  general  census.  Previous  to  the  Russian  war  of 
1877-78,  the  total  area  of  the  empire  was  officially  estimated 
at  1,742,874  English  square  miles,  on  which  lived  28,165,000 
inhabitants.  By  the  results  of  the  war,  however,  were 
created  the  semi-independent  states  of  Bulgaria  and  of 
Eastern  Roumelia,  Bosnia  and  Herzegovina  were  placed 
under  the  domination  of  Austro-Hungary,  a  large  area  in 
Asia  was  given  to  Russia  and  a  small  one  to  Persia,  and 
additions  of  territory  (with  independence)  to  Roumania, 
Sorvia,  and  Montenegro,  reducing,  as  estim.ated,  the  area  of 
the  empire  to  1,116,848  English  square  miles,  and  the  popu- 
lation to  21,000,000.  The  island  of  Cyprus  also  passed 
under  British  administration  by  treaty  with  Turkey  in  1878, 
and  in  1882  Tunis  became  a  French  protectorate. 

Turkey  in  Europe,  as  now  constituted,  is  divided  into 
four  vilayets,  besides  the  district  of  Constantinople,  and  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  Servia,  Bulgaria,  and  Eastern  Rou- 
melia ;  on  the  E.  by  the  Black  Sea  and  the  Sea  of  Mar- 
mora ;  on  the  S.  bj  the  Sea  of  Marmora,  the  JEgenn  Sea,  and 
Greece ;  and  on  Vae  W.  by  the  Adriatic  and  Ionian  Seas. 
It  includes  also  all  the  islands  of  the  Mgean  Sea  belonging 
to  Turkey,  with  some  small  portions  of  the  mainland  of  Asia 
Minor,  and  the  island  of  Crete  or  Candia.  Its  surface  is 
an  undulating  region  of  hills  and  valleys,  mountains  and 
table-lands,  of  little  elevation ;  the  principal  mountains 
being  the  Despoto  Dagh,  in  the  central  part,  and  Pindus, 
in  the  S.W.  Turkey  is  watered  by  numerous  rivers,  the 
chief  of  which  are  the  Maritza,  Kara-Soo,  and  Vardar,  in  the 
basin  of  the  Archipelago,  in  the  S.,  and  the  Voyussa  and 
Drin,  in  the  basin  of  the  Adriatic,  in  the  W.  The  laigest 
lakes  are  those  of  Ochrida  and  Scutari,  in  the  AV.  The 
climate  is  more  severe  than  might  be  supposed  from  the 
geographical  position  of  the  country ;  but  a  great  portion 
of  Albania,  being  protected  by  elevated  mountains  from  the 
N.E.  winds,  enjoys  a  delicious  climate,  though  it  is  liable 
to  be  visited  by  destructive  earthquakes.  In  the  rocky 
districts  of  the  interior,  and  in  the  maritime  valleys  of 
Albania,  the  summer  is  insupportably  hot.  Destructive 
storms  are  frequent  in  the  S.  A  great  portion  of  Turkey 
is  covered  with  forests.  The  olive  thrives  in  the  maritime 
plains  of  Albania,  where  also  the  orange  and  the  citron 
are  cultivated.  Maize  is  cultivated  in  the  S.,  and  rice, 
cotton,  rye,  and  barley  in  Central  Turkey.  Agricultural 
operations  are  conducted  in  the  rudest  manner,  and  only  a 
small  portion  of  the  country  is  cultivated.  The  principal 
wild  animals  are  the  brown  bear,  the  wolf,  the  wild  boar, 
the  chamois,  and  the  stag.  Domestic  animals  comprise  the 
dog,  cat,  swine,  sheep,  goats,  cattle,  and  buffalo.  Trout, 
<fcc.,  are  plentiful  in  the  rivers;  and  leeches,  which  abound 
in  the  marshes,  are  important  articles  of  export.  Turkey 
has  mines  of  iron,  lead,  salt,  and  marble,  but  none  of  them 
are  worked  to  advantage.  Manufactures  are  almost  en- 
tirely domestic  ;  the  chief  comprise  saddles,  copper  and  tin 
utensils,  fire-arms,  swords,  coarse  woollen  cloths,  linen, 
and  cotton-spinning.  Silks  are  manufactured  chiefly  at 
Salonica,  Seres,  and  Larissa.  Shawls  are  made  only  in 
the  Asiatic  provinces,  especially  at  Beyroot.  There  are 
cotton-printing-works  in  different  localities ;  and  dyeinn-, 
especially  of  bright  red  colors.  Tanneries  are  numerous ; 
embroidery  is  carried  on  by  the  females.  Distilleries 
of  brandy  from  prunes  are  common  throughout  all  the 
country.  Printing  is  carried  on  at  Constantinople;  filigree- 
work  is  made  in  the  large  towns,  and  there  are  gunpowder- 
mills  near  Constantinople.  Commerce  is  almost  entirely  in 
the  hands  of  Greeks,  Armenians,  and  Jews.  The  enormous 
increase  of  trade  in  late  years  shows  the  advance  of  Christian 
energy  and  the  declension  of  Mohammedanism. 

The  principal  railways  in  European  Turkey  are  linei 
from  Constantinople  to  Adrianople,  Adrianople  to  Sarembey, 
Salonica  to  Uskub,  <fec.  The  total  length  open  in  1885  was 
904  miles ;  the  total  number  of  miles  in  the  empire  was  1251. 

Turkey  in  Asia  is  between  lat.  30°  and  42°  N.  and  Ion. 
26°  and  48°  E.  It  is  bounded  E.  by  Persia,  S.  by  the  Persian 
Gulf  and  Arabia,  W.  by  the  Mediterranean,  N.  by  the  Sea  of 
Marmora  and  the  Black  Sea,  and  N.E.  by  Russia.  The  prin- 
cipal lakes  are  Van,  Beg-Sheher,  Egerdir,  Tooz-Golee,  and 
the  Dead  Sea  j  the  chief  rirersare  the  Euphrates,  Tigris,  and 


TUR 


266-1 


Tun 


their  affluents,  whioh  flow  S.  to  the  Persian  Qulf;  the  Kizil- 
Irtuak  and  Veshil-Irmalf,  which  fluw  N.  to  thu  Uhtcit  Soa; 
the  Sarabut  and  Mender,  to  the  Aroliipeiago;  the  Jyhoon 
and  Syhoon,  to  the  Mediterranean ;  and  the  Jordan,  to  the 
Dead  Sea.  The  chief  mountains  are  the  ranges  of  Taurus, 
Anti-Taurus,  and  Lebanon.  The  soil  and  climate  present 
many  varieties :  in  the  S.  are  vast  arid  plains,  but  on  the 
river-banks  and  in  the  valleys  of  Lebanon  the  soil  is  ex- 
tremely fertile.  The  summits  of  Taurus  are  clad  with 
snow,  and  the  flanks  are  covered  with  the  vegetation  of 
oold  and  temperate  countries ;  while  the  valleys  have  a  tem- 
perature almost  tropical,  and  produce  the  fruits  of  Southern 
Asia.  The  climate  of  Anatolia  is  temperate,  and  the  soil 
is  capable  of  producing  all  kinds  of  grain  and  fruit.  The 
mountains  contain  all  the  useful  metals.     The  chief  prod- 

.  ucts  are  oil,  dye-stuffs,  medicinal  plants,  gums,  wax,  dried 
fruits,  gall-nuts,  cotton,  silk,  wool,  goats'  hair,  leeches,  and 

.  sponges.  Exports,  valonia,  madder,  opium,  raisins,  grains, 
figs,  wool,  sponge,  goats'  hair,  olive  oil,  liquorice,  gum, 
yellow-berries,  <tc.  Imports,  cottons,  coffee,  iron,  woollens, 
coals,  sugar,  copper,  tin,  indigo,  linens,  apparel,  <fec.  The 
first  railway  in  Asiatic  Turkey,  from  Smyrna  to  Aidin,  82 
miles,  was  completed  in  1864;  since  then  another  has  been 
opened,  from  Smyrna  to  Casaba,  60  miles.  The  total  length 
open  in  1885  was  347  miles. 

Turkey  in  Asia  was  divided  into  14  vilayets  previous  to 
the  war  of  1877-78,  but  two  of  these  were  ceded  to  Russia, 
viz.,  the  Turkish  possessions  comprising  "  the  territories  of 
Ardahan,  Kars,  and  Batoom,  with  the  port  of  Batooin,  as 
well  as  all  the  territories  comprised  between  the  former 
Russo-Turkish  frontier  and  a  line  beginning  at  the  Black 
Sea  and  extending  to  a  point  to  the  N.W.  of  Khorda  and 
to  the  S.  of  Artvoen."  The  territories  thus  ceded  to  Russia 
are  estimated  to  embrace  an  area  of  5670  square  miles,  with 
a  population  of  600,644,  including  417,602  Mohammedans. 
The  total  area  and  population  of  the  Turkish  Empire, 
and  the  number  of  Mohammedans  in  each  of  the  three 
geographical  divisions,  were  estimated  as  follows  at  the  end 
of  1878 : 


Division!. 


Turkey  in  Europe, 

Turkey  in  Asia 

Turkey  in  Africa- 


Area  in 
sq.  miles. 


62,028 
710,320 
344,500 


Total  pop. 


4,275,000 
16,715,000 
1,010,000 


Mohammedans. 


2,100,000 

13,008,000 

1,000,000 


The  finances  of  the  Ottoman  Empire  a^e  in  a  state  of 
utter  disorganization.  Before  the  Russian  invasion  of 
1877  the  empire  was  bankrupt,  and  its  difficulties  were 
aggravated  by  the  enormous  expenses  of  the  war  and  the 
diminution  of  revenue  caused  by  the  loss  of  several  prov- 
inces. No  official  statements  of  the  actual  receipts  and  ex- 
penditures have  been  recently  published.  In  the  budget 
estimates  for  the  financial  year  1888-89,  the  total  revenue 
was  computed  at  $92,500,000;  current  expenses,  $107,000,- 
000;  deficit,  $14,500,000. 

The  consolidated  public  debt  at  the  end  of  1881  amounted 
to  about  $525,000,000,  besides  whioh  there  was  a  floating 
debt  of  about  $100,000,000.  The  actual  strength  of  the 
Turkish  army  is  not  known.  Before  the  war  of  1877-78 
the  number  of  men,  including  irregular  troops  and  auxil- 
iaries, was  about  700,000. 

The  Turks,  originally  from  Toorkistan,  founded  at  differ- 
ent times  several  empires  in  Asia.  At  the  end  of  the  thir- 
teenth century,  Osman  or  Othman,  one  of  their  emirs  or 
princes,  established  the  present  empire  in  Asia  Minor.  The 
Turks  invaded  Europe  at  the  end  of  the  fourteenth  century, 
and  conquered  successively  their  present  provinces ;  they 
took  Constantinople  in  1453.  In  the  sixteenth  century 
their  dominion  extended  in  Europe  over  the  whole  of 
Greece,  part  of  Hungary,  the  Crimea,  and  the  shores  of  the 
Black  Sea;  and  the  whole  of  the  countries  now  forming 
Turkey  in  Asia,  El  Ilejaz,  Egypt,  and  the  regencies  of 
Tripoli,  Tunis,  and  Algiers,  were  subjugated  by  them.  But 
since  the  seventeenth  century  their  power  has  greatly  de- 
clined. Austria  expelled  them  from  Hungary  ;  Russia  de- 
prived them  of  the  provinces  between  the  mouths  of  the 
Danube  and  the  Caucasus  in  Europe,  and  those  forming 
AVestern  Transcaucasia  in  Asia;  tne  Greeks  formed  an 
independent  state;  Algiers  (now  Algeria)  was  wrested 
from  them  by  the  French;  the  power  of  the  Porte  has 
nearly  vanished  from  many  of  the  provinces  of  Asia  Minor, 
Arabia,  and  Egypt;  and  finally  the  Russo-Turkish  war 
of  1877-78  has  deprived  the  Porte  of  much  of  the  fairest 

portion  of  its  territory  in  Europe. Adj.  Tukk'ish  (Fr. 

TuRC,  tiiak;  feminine,  Tdbque,  tUnk;  It.,  Sp.,  and  Port. 


ToRCO,  tooR'ko.;  Gor.  TUnKiscn,  tUuk'ish) ;  inhab.  Ti 
(the  same  as  the  adjective  in  French,  Italian,  Spaiiiik  a 
Portuguese;  Oer.  TUkkk,  tUnk'^h).  ' 

Tur'key,  townshi]),  McPherson  co.,  Kansos.    Pop  5 

Turkey,  or  Blue  Hall,  a  post-hamlci  of  Moniiioi 
CO.,  N.J.,  1  mile  from  Howell  Station,  and  about  13  mi 
S.W.  of  Red  Bank.     It  has  1  or  2  churches. 

Turkey,  a  township  of  Sampson  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  Hi 

Turkey,  a  township  of  Williamsburg  co.,  8.C.    i'.ii); 

Turkey  City,  a  post-village  in  Richland  townnh 
Clarion  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Emlcnton  &  Shippenvillo  u 
Foxburg,  St.  Petersburg  &  Clarion  Railroad?,  T\  miles 
of  Emlcnton,  and  2  miles  from  Clarion  River.  It  Imi 
church,  a  banking-house,  and  oil-wells.     Pop.  about  luu 

Turkey  Cove,  a  post-office  of  Lee  co.,  Va. 

Turkey  Creek,  Indiana,  the  outlet  of  Turkey  Lai 
rises  in  Kosciusko  co.,  runs  northward  in  Elkhart  co.  a 
enters  Elkhart  River  about  4  miles  S.  of  (juishcn. 

Turkey  Creek,  Louisiana,  runs  nearly  southwa 
through  Franklin  parish,  and  enters  Boeuf  Bayou  aboui 
miles  from  its  mouth. 

Turkey  Creek  runs  in  a  S.S.E.  direction  throu, 
Pawnee  co..  Neb.,  and  enters  the  South  Fork  of  the  N«ma  i 
River  in  Kansas,  about  9  miles  N.  of  Seneca. 

Turkey  Creek,  Nebraska,  rises  in  Fillmore  co.,  ni 
runs  eastward  to  Saline  co.,  which  it  intersects.  Its  p- 
cral  course  is  nearly  southeastward.  It  enters  tlic  I; 
Blue  River  in  Gage  co.,  about  10  miles  above  Beatrice,  ah 
a  course  of  nearly  75  miles. 

Turkey  (or  Turkey  Foot)  Creek,  Henry  co.,(| 
runs  northeastward,  and  enters  the  Maumee  River  about 
miles  below  Napoleon.  | 

Turkey  Creek,  South  Carolina,  flows  through  Chest 
CO.  into  Broad  River. 

Turkey  Creek,  a  post-ofiice  of  Stone  co..  Ark. 

Turkey  Creek,  a  post-office  of  El  Paso  co..  Col. 

Turkey  Creek,  a  post-oflice  of  Dooly  co.,  Oa. 

Turkey  Creek,  township,  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.  V.V.Vi, 

Turkey  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  co.,  Inc 
about  35  miles  N.  of  Fort  Wayne.  ' 

Turkey  Creek,  McPherson  co.,  Kansas.    See  TrnKi 

Turkey  Creek,  township,  Mitchell  co.,  Kan.    P.  01 

Turkey  Creek,  a  post-office  of  FUhnorc  co..  Neb. 

Turkey  Creek,  township,  Edgefield  co.,  S.C.    P.  [>'.' 

Turkey  Foot,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co.,  Ky. 

Turkey  Foot,  a  post-office  of  Somerset  co..  Pa.,  sboi 
35  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Cumberland,  Md. 

Turkey  Grove,  township,  Cass  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  II61 

Turkey  Hill,  a  station  in  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  on  tt 
Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Columbia  &  Port  Depos 
Railroad,  5  miles  S.S.E.  of  Columbia. 

Turkey  Isles,  in  the  Java  Sea.    See  Kalkooi*. 

Turkey  Lake,  Indiana,  is  in  Kosciusko  co.,  about  1 
miles  N.E.  of  Warsaw.     It  is  about  8  miles  long. 

Turkey  Point,  a  hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.J.,  I' 
Downe  township,  4  miles  from  Newport. 

Turkey  River,  Iowa,  is  formed  by  two  branehet 
which  rise  in  Howard  co.  and  unite  in  the  N.  part  0 
Fayette  co.  It  runs  southeastward  through  Clayton  co 
and  enters  the  Mississippi  River  about  10  miles  below  Out 
tenberg.  It  is  nearly  90  miles  long,  or,  including  001 
branch,  160  miles.  Galena  limestone  abounds  near  it 
banks.     One  of  its  branches  is  called  Crane  Creek. 

Turkey  River,  a  post-office  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  a 
the  Mississippi,  near  the  mouth  of  Turkey  River,  and  01 
the  Chicago,  Dubuque  &  Minnesota  Railroad,  at  the  JBDO 
tion  of  the  Turkey  River  Branch  Railroad,  28  miles  W.N.W 
of  Dubuque.  ^       ! 

Turkey  Run,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  W.  Va. 

Turkey  Tail,  a  post-office  of  Burke  co.,  N.C. 

Tur'keytown  Creek,  Alabama,  enters  the  Coosi 
River  from  the  right,  in  Cherokee  co. 

Turkhall,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Toorkhal. 

Tiirkheim,  or  Ttirckheim,  tUnk'himo  (Fr.  proa 
tUnk'Sm'),  a  town  of  Alsace,  3  miles  W,  of  Colmar.  Pop] 
2547.     It  has  a  trade  in  wine  of  superior  quality. 

Turkheim,  toSnk'hIme,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on  thi 
Wertach,  25  miles  S.S.W.  of  Augsburg.  It  has  a  castle  ant 
a  Capuchin  convent.     Pop.  1460. 

Turkheim,  Ober,  o'b?r,  and  U.nter,  oon't?r,  two  con- 
tiguous villages  of  WUrtemberg,  3  miles  E.  of  Stuttgart,  ot 
the  Neckar.     Pop.  4055. 

Turkije.     See  Turkey. 

Turkistan,  Central  Asia.     See  Toorkistak. 

Turkomans,  Asia.     See  Toorkoman.s. 

Turk's  Islands,  a  group  of  small  islands  among  tin 
Bahamas,  the  largest  (called  Grand  Turk,  or  Turk's  Island), 


TUR 


2665 


TUR 


alut  110  miles  N.  of  Hayti.  Pop,  1878.  Lat.  21°  20'  N. ; 
lorri°  W.  They  are  famous  for  the  manufacture  of  salt. 
Poically  they  are  British,  subject,  with  the  Caicos,  to 
th(  ;overnment  of  Jamaica.  Chief  ports,  Grand  Turk  and 
BafCay. 

prk'ville,  a  post-office  of  Ellis  co.,  Kansas. 

'lur'ley's  Mill,  a  post-office  and  grist-mill  of  Grainger 
OO.lTenn.,  8  miles  from  Morristown. 

llir'leytown,  a  hamlet  of  Rockingham  co.,  Va.,  3 
mii  from  Broadway  Depot.     It  has  a  church. 

lir^lock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stanislaus  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
Vilia  division  of  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  43  miles  S. 
of  jockton.     It  has  2  or  3  churches  and  several  stores. 

'ur'lough,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Mayo,  3|  miles 
N.  of  Castleljar. 

'Iir'inan  Creek,  Indiana,  rises  in  Vigo  co.,  runs 
aowwestward  through  Sullivan  co.,  and  enters  the  Wabash. 

'firmero,  toor-mi'ro,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  state  of 
Anua,  15  miles  W.  of  Victoria.     Pop.  0040. 

':iirmuz,  a  town  of  Asia.     Sea  Tiraiez. 

'iiriia,  tooR'ni,  or  Turnu  Magurete,  tooR'noo  m4- 
goqi'ti,  a  town  of  Roumania,  near  the  Danube,  nearly 
op|3ite  Nicopolis.     Pop.  4958. 

iirn'again,  an  island  of  Alaska,  at  the  head  of  the 
moj  extensive  part  of  Cook's  Inlet.  Lat.  61°  8'  N. ;  Ion. 
15(  30'  W.  It  is  about  3i  miles  long,  and  scarcely  half 
thaiin  width.  The  branch  in  which  the  island  lies  di- 
yerfs  in  a  N.E.  direction  from  the  main  inlet,  and  is  called 
Tujagain  Arm. 

'irnau,  tooR'nSw,  Turnow,  toSR'nov,  or  Tur- 
na  a,  toon-ni'^S,,  a  walled  town  of  Bohemia,  on  the 
Ise  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Buntzlau.     Pop.  4612, 

'irn'back,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dade  co.,  Mo.,  25  miles 
W.;\V.  of  Dorchester  Station.  It  has  a  grist-mill,  a  saw- 
miliand  a  church. 

''^rnback,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co..  Mo.  Pop.  967. 

Tpn'bridge,  a  township  of  De  Witt  co.,  111.   P.  1105. 

iirn'bull,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  oo.,  Ala.,  25  miles 
N.W.  of  Evergreen.     It  has  a  church. 

'hrnbull,  a  township  of  Bladen  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  447. 

'Arnbull,  a  hamlet  of  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  6  miles  S.W. 
of  farrenton. 

■lir'netf',  a  group  of  islets  in  the  Caribbean  Sea,  near 
th^ast  of  Balize.     Lat.  17°  36'  N. ;  Ion.  87°  46'  W. 

Tar'ner,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  South  Dakota, 
hasp  area  of  about  615  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  ermilion  River.  The  surface  is  level  or  undulating. 
Thcioil  is  fertile.  This  county  is  nearly  all  prairie.  Cap- 
italParker.     Pop.  in  1880,  5320  ;  in  1890,  10,256. 

'Kirner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Phillips  co..  Ark.,  about  20 
mil  W.  by  S.  of  Helena. 

'Jirner,  or  Turner  Junction,  a  post-village  in 
Wi»eld  township,  Du  Page  co.,  III.,  on  the  Chicago  <fc 
Noiiwestern  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  two  divisions  of 
theiame,  30  miles  W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
nevbaper  office,  a  graded  school,  a  rolling-mill,  railroad- 
shoL  and  manufactures  of  pumps,  wagons,  <fec.  Pop.  in 
I89ri506. 

llrner.  Clay  co.,  Ind.    See  Newburg, 

'F.rner,  a  post-office  of  Mills  co.,  Iowa,  8  miles  S.E. 
of  istings  Station. 

Iprner,  a  post-office  of  Wyandotte  co.,  Kansas. 

'l|rner,  a  post-office  of  Ballard  co.,  Ky. 

'^rner,  a  post-village  in  Turner  township,  Androscog- 
gin >.,  Me.,  on  Twenty  Mile  River,  12  miles  N.  of  Lewis- 
tonJlt  has  1  or  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  a 
wooftn-mill,  and  a  tannery.  The  township  is  bounded  E. 
by  to  Androscoggin  River.  It  contains  North  Turner, 
Turjr  Centre,  and  Keen's  Mills.    Pop.  of  township,  2380. 

'Ijrner,  a  post-village  and  station  of  Marion  co.,  Ore- 
gonjn  the  Oregon  <fc  California  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  by  E. 
of  Sem.  It  has  a  church,  a  flouring-mill,  a  furniture- 
factjy,  and  25  families. 

'iTner,  Crawford  co..  Pa.    See  Turnersville. 

'lirner  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Androscoggin  oo., 
M'e.jn  Turner  township,  11  miles  N.  of  Lewiston.  It  has 
a  dii-ch. 

'I'rner  Junction,  Illinois.    See  Turner. 

'I|rner  Park,  a  station  of  the  Chicago  <fc  Pacific 
Rnij^ad,  11  miles  W.  of  Chicago,  111. 

'lirners,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co..  Miss. 

'Irner's,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  near  the 
nigjands,  in  Monroe  township.  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
EritjRailroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Newburg  Branch 
of  tj,t  road,  48  miles  N.  by  W.  of  New  York,  and  18  miles 
B.S. .  of  Newburg.     It  has  a  church  and  a  graded  school. 

1  r'nershurg,  a  post-village  in  Turnorsburg  township, 
'    1C8 


Iredell  co.,  N.C,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Statesville.  It  has  a 
church,  a  cotton-factory,  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  796. 

Tur'ner's  Falls,a  post-village  in  Montague  township, 
Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Connecticut 
River,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Vermont  &  Massachusetts 
Railroad,  2  or  3  miles  E.N.E.  of  Greenfield,  and  about  38 
miles  N.  of  Springfield.  It  contains  5  churches,  a  national 
bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  newspaper  office,  luuibcr-mills 
and  machine-shops,  manufactories  of  cutlery  employing  450 
men  and  a  capital  of  $500,000,  and  several  factories  pro- 
ducing cotton  cloth,  writing-paper,  and  turbine  water- 
wheels.  The  river  here  falls  36  feet,  and  aflfords  am])le 
water-power.  The  village  was  laid  out  in  1866.  Pop. 
about  2000. 

Turner's  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Surry  co.,  N.C, 
40  miles  N.W.  of  Winston. 

Turner's  Point,  a  post-office  of  Kaufman  co.,  Tex. 

Turner's  Station  (formerly  Spring  Hill  Depot), 
a  post-village  of  Henry  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Louisville,  Cin- 
cinnati &  Lexington  Railroad,  44  miles  N.E.  of  Louisville. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Turner's  Store,  a  hamlet  of  Somerset  co..  Pa.,  about 
34  miles  S.  of  Johnstown. 

Turner's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Caroline  co.,  Va. 

Tur'nersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gloucester  co.,  N.J., 
7  miles  S.E.  of  Woodbury.  It  has  a  church  and  a  flour- 
mill. 

Turnersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Franklin  Branch  of  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  at  Turner 
Station,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Jamestown.     It  has  a  tannery. 

Turnersville,  a  post-office  of  Robertson  co.,  Tenn., 
about  35  miles  N.W.  of  Nashville. 

Turnersville,  a  post-office  of  Coryell  co.,  Tex. 

Tur'nerville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tolland  co.,  Conn.,  on 
tho  Boston  &  New  York  Air-Line  Railroad,  10  miles  S.W. 
of  Willimantic.  It  has  a  manufactory  of  fringes,  silk, 
machine  twist,  organzinc,  &c. 

Turnerville,  a  handsome  poet-village  of  Jasper  co., 
Miss.,  on  Tallahoma  Creek,  44  miles  S.W.  of  Meridian.  It 
contains  the  Turnerville  Academy  and  3  churches. 

Turney  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co..  Mo., 
on  the  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  Railroad,  45  miles  N.  by  E. 
of  Kansas  City.     It  has  2  churches  and  3  stores. 

Turn'ham  Green,  formerly  a  hamlet  8  miles  W.S.W. 
of  London,  Eng.,  is  now  one  of  its  populous  suburbs. 

Turnhout,  tiiHn'hSwt',  a  town  of  Belgium,  province 
and  25  miles  E.  of  Antwerp,  in  a  wide  heath.  Pop.  15,743. 
It  has  manufactures  of  sacking,  carpets,  linen  cloths,  cut- 
lery, lace,  paper,  and  oil,  with  bleaching-,  dyeing-,  brick-, 
and  tile-works. 

Turn'out,  a  station  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  <fe 
Pacific  Railroad,  8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Davenport,  Iowa. 

Turnow,  a  town  of  Bohemia.     See  Turxau. 

Turn'pike,  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  co.,  Ga. 

Turnpike,  a  post-hamlet  of  Buncombe  co.,  N.C,  about 
16  miles  S.W.  of  Asheville.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  distil- 
lery, and  a  saw-mill. 

Turnpike,  a  post-office  of  York  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  York. 

Turnpike  Creek,  Telfair  co.,  Ga.,  unites  with  Sugar 
Creek  near  its  mouth. 

Turn's  Bay,  or  Ter'ence  Bay,  a  post-village  in 
Halifax  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  19  miles 
from  Halifax.     Pop.  240. 

Turnu  Magurete,  Roumania.    See  Turna. 

Turnu  Severin,  Roumania.     See  Severin. 

Turu'wood,  a  post-hamlct  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  13  milea 
N.E.  of  Morsston  Depot.     It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  store. 

Turnya,  the  smallest  county  of  Hungary.     See  Torna. 

Turon,  too-ron'  (anc.  Turob'riga),  a  village  of  Spain, 
province  and  64  miles  S.E.  of  Granada.     Pop.  2379. 

Turon,  a  town  of  Anara.    See  Tooron. 

Turones,  an  ancient  name  of  Tours. 

Turquia,  Turquie,  and  Turque.    See  Turkey, 

Turquino,  tooR-kee'no,  called  also  Pico  Turquino, 
pee'ko  tooR-kee'no,  the  highest  mountain-summit  of  Cuba, 
in  the  S.E.  part  of  the  island,  50  miles  W.  of  Santiago  de 
Cuba.     Elevation,  about  8000  feet. 

Turre,  tooR'Ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  province 
and  37  miles  N.E.  of  Almeria.     Pop.  1635. 

Tur'riff,  a  burgh  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Aberdeen,  11  milog 
by  railway  S.S.E.  of  Banff.  JPop.  2277.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  linens  and  thread,  a  bleach-fleld,  and  a  large  cattle- 
market. 

Turris,  a  village  of  Spain.    See  Tunis. 

Turris  Julia^  the  ancient  name  of  Trcjillo, 


TUll 


26G6 


TUS 


Tarritano,  toon-ne-t&'no,  n  ri\-er  of  tho  island  of  Sar- 
dinia, after  a  gonoral  N.N.W.  course  of  about  35  miles, 
enters  the  Qulf  of  Sassari  on  tlie  N.  coast  of  the  island^  11 
uiilos  N.N.W.  of  Sassari. 

Tiirshiz,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  TooRsnKKz. 

Tursif  tooii'seo,  an  episcopal  city  of  Italy,  in  Basilicata, 
80  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lagonegro.     Pop.  3201. 

Turtle,  tQr't?!,  a  township  of  Rock  co.,  Wis.    P.  692. 

Turtle  Uay,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Africa,  in  Benguela, 
K.  of  Little  Fish  Bay. 

Turtle  Ilayou,  bl'oo,  a  post-village  of  Chambers  co., 
Te.x.,  45  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Houston.     It  has  2  churches. 

Turtle  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Westmoreland 
CO.,  and  enters  tho  Monongahela  River  in  Alleghany  co., 
about  10  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Turtle  Creek,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Walworth  co.,  runs 
•outhwestward  in  Rock  co.,  and  enters  Rock  River  at  Beloit. 

Turtle  Creek,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  0.     P.  1230. 

Turtle  Creek,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  0.    P.  5560. 

Turtle  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  in 
Patton  township,  on  a  creek  of  its  own  name,  and  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  12J  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Pittsburg. 
It  has  2  churches,  3  stores,  a  school  for  the  deaf  and  dumb, 
and  a  coal-mine. 

Turtle  Hill  River.    See  Keya  Paha. 

Turtle  Island,  one  of  the  Feejee  group,  in  the  Pacific. 

Turtle  Islands,  a  group  of  islands  in  West  Africa, 
W.  of  tho  island  of  Sherboro. 

Turtle  Islands,  a  group  of  islets  in  the  Banda  Sea. 

Turtle  Lake,  a  post-oflice  of  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn. 

Turtle  Point,  a  headland  of  North  Australia,  on  the 
W.  side  of  Port  Essington. 

Turtle  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  McKean  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  the  Buffalo,  New  York  & 
Philadel]>hia  Railroad,  29i^  miles  N.  of  Emporium.  It  has 
a  steam  8.aw-mill  and  about  12  dwellings. 

Turtle  River,  a  post-office  of  Grand  Forks  "co.,  N.D. 

Turtle  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Floyd  co.,  Va.,  22  miles 
•S.S.E.  of  Christiansburg.     It  has  several  churches. 

Tur'tletown,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  N.C. 

Turtletown,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  Tenn. 

Turtleville,  tilr't§I-vil,  a  h.amlet  of  Union  co..  Pa.,  3 
miles  from  Lewisburg.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Turtukai,  toorHoo-ki',  a  town  of  Bulgaria,  28  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Silistria,  on  the  Danube. 

Turuinthus,Turunthns,  ancient  names  of  the  Du.vA. 

Turukhansk,  or  Turukha  River.    See  Toorook- 

BANSK. 

Turyassn,  too-re-is-soo',  a  river  of  Brazil,  separates 
the  provinces  of  Maranhao  and  ParJt,  and  enters  the  At- 
lantio  at  tho  Bay  of  Turyassu,  after  a  N.E.  course  of  350 
miles.  Its  banks  are  richly  wooded.  On  the  bay  are  the 
towns  of  Tury  and  Arcos. 

Tusa,  too'sS,,  a  town  of  Sicily,  near  its  N.  coast,  6  miles 
"W.N.W.  of  Mistrctta.     Pop.  4372. 

Tusapan,  a  town  of  Mexico.     See  TnsPAJf. 

Tuscaho'ma,  a  post-office  of  Choctaw  co.,  Ala. 

Tuscalame'ta  Creek,  Mississippi,  enters  Pearl  River 
.  from  the  E.,  in  Scott  co. 

Tuscaloo'sa,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of 
Alabama,  has  an  area  of  about  1550  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Black  Warrior  and  Sipsey  Rivers,  and  also 
drained  by  North  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  good  tim- 
ber. Tho  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  minerals  are  iron 
ore  and  carboniferous  limestone.  This  county  comprises  a 
part  of  the  coal-field  of  Alabama.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Alabama  &  Chattanooga  Railroad.  Capital,  Tuscaloosa. 
Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $3,501,072.  Pop.  in 
1870,  20,081 ;  in  1880,  24,957. 

Tuscaloosa,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Tuscaloosa  co., 
Ala.,  on  the  Black  Warrior  River,  at  the  head  of  stentn- 
boat  navigation,  and  on  the  Alabama  <t  Chattanooga  Rail- 
road, 55  miles  S.W.  of  Birmingham,  420  miles  from  Mobile, 
and  75  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Selma.  It  was  formerly  the  capi- 
tal of  Alabama.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  state  lunatic 
asylum,  a  national  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  the  Alabama 
Central  Female  College,  and  the  Tuscaloosa  Female  College, 
and  is  tho  seat  of  the  University  of  Alabama  (non-secta- 
rian), which  was  organized  in  1831  and  has  10  instructors. 
Coal  is  found  in  the  vicinity.  Pop.  in  1860,  3989;  in  1870, 
1689;  in  1880,  241«. 

Tuscaloosa  River.    See  Black  Warrior  River. 

Tuscania,  the  ancient  name  of  Tcscaxella. 

Tus'can  Springs,  Tehama  co.,  Cal.,  among  the  foot- 
hills of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  7  miles  E.  of  Red  Bluff.     Here 


are  medicinal  springs,  which  contain  sulphur  and  rail 
ates  of  lime,  magnesia,  and  soda. 

Tus'cany  (It.  Toncana,  tos-ki'ni;  Fr.  Toteaiir,  t 
k&n' ;  ano.  Etnt'ria,  or  Tus'ciu),  a  former  grand  duel;  \ 
Italy,  now  forming  a  compartimento  of  thiii  kingdoti/ 
42°  13'  to  44°  30'  N.,  Ion.  9°  12'  to  12°  20'  E.;  Ixmi, 
N.  and  N.E.  by  Emilia,  E.  by  the  Marches  and  Imb 
S.  by  the  compartimento  of  Rome,  and  W.  by  that  imri 
the  Mediterranean  which  takes  the  name  of  tbeTvrrh 
or  Tyrrhenian  Sea.  Area,  9287  square  miles,  "(.'upi 
Florence.  Pop.  2,142,525.  It  po»sci<8C8  nevernl  islundi 
which  the  most  important  is  Elba.  It  is  a  region  of  vai 
character  and  aspect,  but  as  a  whole  is  one  of  the  n 
fertile  and  best-cultivated  parts  of  Italy. 

Tuscarawas,  tiis-ka-raw'wuss,  a  county  in  the 
part  of  Ohio,  has  an  area  of  about  550  square  Iuile^. 
IS  intersected  by  the  Tuscarawas  River,  and  iilso  Jniiil 
by  Conotten,  Sandy,  Stillwater,  and  Sugar  Crccki,  »hl 
enter  that  river  in  this  county.  The  surface  is  mostly  ' 
dulating,  and  in  some  parts  nearly  level.  The  soil  i.  \ 
fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  wool,  hay,  cattle,  bui 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  In  187U  it  liiul  ii;,. 
acres  of  woodlands,  in  which  the  ash,  beech,  elm,  o 
sugar-maple,  &a.,  are  found.  Mines  of  bituuiinuiit  c 
and  iron  ore  have  been  opened  in  this  county.  It  is  inl 
sected  by  the  Ohio  Canal.  Among  its  railroads  arc 
Cleveland,  Tuscarawas  Valley  <k  Wheeling,  the  Pitbbu 
Cincinnati  <fc  St.  Louis,  the  Marietta,  Pittsburg  &  Cle 
land,  and  the  Tuscarawas  Branch  of  the  Cleveland  t  I'ii 
burg.  Capital,  New  Philadelphia.  Valuation  of  re»l  r 
personal  estate,  $20,200,145.  Pop.  in  1870,  33,840,  of  wh 
29,204  were  Americans;  in  1880,  40,198. 

Tuscarawas,  township,  Coshocton  co.,  0.    Pop.  40 

Tuscarawas,  a  township  of  Stark  co.,  0.    Pop.  24i 

Tuscarawas,  a  station  of  the  Cleveland,  Tutonrat 
Valley  <fc  Wheeling  Railroad,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  New  Phi 
deliihia,  0. 

Tuscarawas,  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.    See  TneirroN. 

Tuscarawas  River,  Ohio,  drains  part  of  Summit 
and  runs   southward  through  Stark   and  Tuscarawu  t 
It  finally  flows  westward,  and  unites  with  the  Wobic 
River  at  Coshocton  to  form  the  Muskingum.    It  is  «b> 
125  miles  long.     The  chief  town  on  this  river  is  Miifsilll 

Tuscarora,  tus'^ka-ro'ra,  a  post-village  of  Elko  i 
Nevada,  about  50  miles' N.W."  of  Elko.     Pop.  in  1880, 13< 

Tuscarora,  a  post-village  in  Mount  Morris  towntbi 
Livingston  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Genesee  Valley  Canal,  »b« 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Dansville.  It  has  2  churoho*  tod 
grist-mill. 

Tuscarora,  a  township  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.  P.  15; 

Tuscarora,  a  township  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.    P.  12: 

Tuscarora,  a  township  of  Juniata  co.,  Pa.     P.  14' 

Tuscarora,  a  township  of  Perry  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  8»ii 

Tuscarora,   a  post-village    in   Schuylkill  townsb 
Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Schuylkill  Valley  RailronH 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Tamaqua.      It   has  2  churches.     I 
mainly  supported  by  the  coal-business. 

Tuscarora,  Ontario.     See  Middlepout. 

Tuscarora  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Iluntli 
don  CO.,  runs  northeastward  in  Juniata  co.,  and  enters ' 
Juniata  River  about  4  miles  below  Mifflintown. 

Tuscarora  Mountain,  Pennsylvania,  a  long  n 
which  extends  from  the  Juniata  River  to  Maryland, 
direction  is  nearly  N.E.  and  S.W.     It  forms  the  boun ; 
between  the  cos.  of  Perry  and  Franklin  on  the  S.E., 
Juniata,  Huntingdon,  and  Fulton  on  the  other  side. 

Tuscarora  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brndfonl 
Pa.,  about  35  miles  N.W.  of  Scranton.     It  has  a  plaini: 
mill. 

Tuschkau,  to5sh'kSw,  or  Tausskow,  tCwss'kov. 
town  of  Bohemia,  6  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Pilsen,  on  the  M 
or  Missa.     Pop.  1268. 

Tuscia,  an  ancient  name  of  Tuscany. 

Tuscola,  tus-ko'la  or  tus'ko-hi,  a  county  in  llif 
part  of  Michigan,  has'an  area  of  about  830  square  n 
It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  Saginaw  Bay,  and  i.-^ 
tersectcd  by  Cass   River,  which  runs  southwestwiird 
divides  it  into  nearly  equal  parts.     It  is  also  druind 
Sucker  and  White  Creeks.     The  surface  is  unduliitm: 
nearly  level,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  pine, 
beech,  sugar-maple,  and  other  trees.    The  soil  is  hni 
Wheat,  lumber,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and  butter  arc  t 
staple  products.     It  is  intersected  by  the  Bay  City  divui 
of  the  .Michigan  Central  Railroad.     Capitals,  Yassar  si 
Caro.     Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  15,94')"" 
Pop.  in  1870,  13,714;  in   1880,  25,738. 

'Tuscola,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Douglas  co.,  in., 


TUS 


2667 


TAVE 


Tuola  township,  on  the  Chicago  division  of  the  Illinois 
Cttral  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Indiana  <fe  Illinois 
Cd^ral  Railroad,  22  miles  S.  of  Champaign,  36  miles  E.  of 
I)  iitur,  and  150  miles  S.  by  AV.  of  Cliicago.  It  contains 
a  -ick  court-house,  5  churches,  a  national  bank,  2  news- 
111  sr  offices,  a  graded  school,  and  2  carriage-factories, 
k.  in  1880,  U27;  of  the  township,  2806. 

'uscola,  a  post-village  in  Tuscola  township,  Tuscohi 
CO  Mich.,  on  Cass  River,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Vassar,  and  about 
2(nile3  E.S.E.  of  East  Saginaw.  It  has  3  churches,  2 
bcils,  a  union  school,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  lumber, 

wool.     Pop.  of  tlie  township,  1291. 
iisculum,  the  ancient  name  of  FnASCATi. 

fus'ciilum,  a  post-otBce  of  Effingham  co.,  Ga. 

I'lisculum,  a  township  of  Dickinson  co.,  Iowa.  P.  430. 

[usciilum,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  Tenn. 

[uscumbia)  tus-kiim'be-a,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
C([eit  CO.,  Ala.,  is  situated  in  a  beautiful  valley  near  the 
Tfiessee  River,  on  the  Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad, 
nus  junction  with  the  Florence  Branch  Railroad,  3  or  4 
mis  S.  of  Florence,  and  67  miles  AV.  of  lluntsville.  It 
hqia  female  college,  a  male  college,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
(  (urches.  Steamboats  can  ascend  the  river  to  this  place. 
Vi  in  1880.  1369. 

ntscumbia,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Miller  co.,  Mo., 
infquality  township,  on  the  right  (S.)  bank  of  the  Osage 
Rsjr,  about  35  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Jefferson  City.  It  has  a 
ncfepaper  office.    Pop.  125. 

iis'kanaw,  a  post-office  of  Brunswick  co.,  N.C. 

uskar,  toosHcau',  or  Kura,  koo'ri,  a  river  of  Russia, 
jc  s  the  Seim  a  little  below  Koorsk.     Length,  90  miles. 

'iiskawilla,  tusMt^-wil'la,  post-office,  Orange  co.,  Fla. 

liiskee'ga,  a  post-office  of  Decatur  co.,  Iowa. 

[uskec'gee,  or  Tuskegee,  a  post-town,  capital  of 
M  on  CO.,  Ala.,  is  situated  on  high  ground,  about  45  miles 
]']Jf  Montgomery,  and  48  miles  W.  of  Columbus,  Ga.  It 
ban.  short  n.arrow-gauge  railroad,  which  connects  at  Che- 
hnj  with  the  AVestern  Railroad.  Tuskeegee  contains  3 
oh'ches  (also  2  for  colored  people),  a  newspaper  office,  the 
PiK  High  School  (for  boys),  the  Orphans'  Home  of  the 
Sjpd  of  Alabama,  and  the  Alabama  Conference  Female 
Cffigo  (Methodist  Episcopal),  which  occupies  one  of  the 
hnflsomest  buildings  in  the  state.     Pop.  in  1880,  2370. 

iiis'ket,  a  post-village  in  Yarmouth  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
onj  river  of  the  same  name,  9  miles  from  Yarmouth.  It 
coaiins  a  number  of  stores,  and  a  ship-yard.     Pop.  450. 

[iispan,  Tuxpaii,  toos-pin',  Tuxpani,  toos-pim', 
or|'usapan,  too-si-p4n',  a  maritime  town  of  Mexico, 
Etij)  and  145  miles  N.AV.  of  A''era  Cruz,  on  a  river,  5  miles 
frit  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  It  has  a  large  trade,  and  exports 
mijh  cedar,  vanilla,  honey,  fustic,  and  coffee.     Pop.  6000. 

iisqiiitee,  tus-kwit'e,  or  Tusquit'tee,  a  post- 
tojfship  of  Clay  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  341. 

ius'sey's  Mountain,  Pennsylvani.i,  a  ridge  of  the 
ilachian  chain,  traverses  Bedford  co.  in  its  whole  length 
frij  S.W.  to  N.E.,  forms  the  greater  part  of  the  boundary 
bcjeen  Blair  and  Huntingdon  cos.,  and  may  be  traced 
thiugh  Centre  co. 

lus'seyville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Centre  co..  Pa.,  in 
Pcfpr  township,  9  miles  from  Spring  Mills.  It  has  a 
chich  and  a  store, 

jus'ten,  a  township  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.    Pop.  1028. 

jiis'ten,  or  Tus'tin,  a  post-hamlet  of  AA'^aushara  co., 
AA^i,  on  Poygan  Lake,  about  22  miles  N.AA''.  of  Oshkosh. 
It  jus  a  lumber-mill.  A  steamer  plies  daily  between  Osh- 
ko|  and  Tusten. 

usteren,  toos't§r-§n,  an  island  off  the  AV.  coast  of 
N(  ?ay,  E.  of  Christiansund.  Length,  12  miles ;  breadth, 
6  1  les. 

us'tin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Osceola  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Gud  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad,  86  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Grid  Rapids.     It  has  a  lumber-mill  and  a  planing-mill. 

iiistin  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Los  Angeles  co.,  Cal., 
9  ijles  S.  of  Anaheim, 

[ut'bury,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Stafford,  on  the 
Dc;3,  and  on  a  railwaj',  4i  miles  AV^.N.AV.  of  Burton-on- 
'f'rlt.  It  has  a  cotton -factory  and  glass-works,  and  large 
I  .     Pop.  of  parish,  2149. 

iitcla,  the  ancient  name  of  Tudela. 

lUlMiill,  a  village  in  Gardiner  township,  Ulster  co., 
N.j,,  on  the  AVallkill  River,  and  I  mile  from  Gardiner 
Sti|)on,  which  is  on  the  AA^allkill  Valley  Railroad,  20i  miles 
S.f^V.  of  Kingston.  It  has  a  grist-mill,  a  woollen-factory, 
a  w-mill,  and  2  hotels. 

|Ut4cor'in,  a  maritime  town  of  British  India,  presi- 
dc'y  of  Madras,  65  miles  N.E.  of  Cape  Comorin,  with  a 
peJ-fishery  in  the  Gulf  of  Manaar.     Pop.  10,565. 


Tutoya,  too-to'yl,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  and  160 
miles  from  Maranhao,  on  the  Tutoya,  which  forms  the 
westernmost  branch  of  the  Parnahiba. 

Tutsclikow,  tootch-kov',  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Bessara- 
bia, on  the  Danube,  3  miles  E.  of  Ismail. 

Tut'tle  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Guthrie  co.,  Iowa, 
about  24  miles  S.AA^  of  Jefferson. 

Tut'tle's  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  about 
12  miles  N.  of  Newton.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Tattle's  Cross  Roads,  post-office,  Caldwell  co.,  N.C. 

Tut'tlingen,  a  town  of  AVUrtemberg,  circle  of  Black 
Forest,  on  the  Danube,  20  miles  AA'^.S.AV.  of  Sigmaringon. 
Pop.  7231.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen,  linen,  and 
silken  fabrics,  and  paper. 

Tiitz,  tUtz,  or  Tuczno,  tSSts'no,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
in  AVest  Prussia,  on  three  lakes,  26  miles  S.S.E.  of  Dram- 
burg.     Pop.  1 895, 

Tutzis,  the  ancient  name  of  Qhyuche. 

Tux'ford,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  22  miles  N.N.B. 
of  Nottingham.     It  has  a  free  grammar-school.     P.  1016, 

Tuxpau,  or  Tuxpani.    See  Tuspa.\. 

Tuxtia,  tooxt'li,  a  town  of  Mexico,  stat«  of  Chiapa, 
near  the  Tabasco,  37  miles  AV.  of  Ciudad  Real,  with  a  trade 
in  tobacco  and  cacao.     Pop.  5000. 

Tuy,  twee  (anc.  Tit'die,  or  Tu'dee  ad  Fi'ties),  a,  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  27  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pontevedra,  on  the 
Minho,  opposite  the  Portuguese  town  of  A'alen^a  do 
Minho.  Pop.  2781.  It  has  a  cathedral,  and  manufactures 
of  table-linens,  hats,  leather,  and  liqueurs. 

Tuy,  twee,  a  river  of  Venezuela,  flows  E.,  and  enters 
the  Caribbean  Sea  60  miles  E.  of  Cardcas.  Length,  90 
miles. 

Tuz-Ghieul  (-Gol  or  -Gholi).     See  Tooz-Golee. 

Tuz-Gul,  Toorkistan.    See  Tooz-Gool. 

Tuzkurmaty,  Toorkistan.     See  ToozKooRJtATr. 

Tuzia,  a  river  of  Asiatic  Turkey.     See  Too/.la. 

Tver,  or  Twer,  tv6a  or  tvain,  a  government  of  Rus- 
sia, between  lat.  50°  and  59°  N.,  Ion.  32°  and  38°  20'  E., 
having  E.  Yaroslav,  S.  Smolensk,  Moscow,  and  Vladimcer, 
AV.  Pskov,  and  N.  the  government  of  Novgorod.  Area, 
25,223  square  miles.  Pop.  1,528,881.  Surface  more  ele- 
vated than  in  most  parts  of  Russia,  and  here  the  Volga  and 
its  affluents,  the  Tvertsa,  Mologa,  and  Medvieditza,  rise. 
The  N.  of  the  government  is  hilly ;  elsewhere  the  surface 
is  chiefly  level,  abounding  in  small  lakes.  The  soil  is  poor; 
but  corn,  hemp,  flax,  and  beans  are  raised.  Forests  are 
extensive,  particularly  in  the  N.  The  manufactures  com- 
prise bricks,  glass-ware,  woollen  cloths,  leather,  spirits,  &c. 
Commerce  active.  Principal  towns,  Tver  (the  capital), 
Rzhev,  Torzhok,  Ostashkov,  and  Vishnee  Volotchok. 

Tver,  or  Twer,  a  city  of  Russia,  capital  of  the  above 
government,  is  on  the  Volga,  here  crossed  by  a  bridge  550 
feet  in  length,  and  joined  by  the  Tvertsa,  90  miles  N.AV.  of 
Moscow.  Pop.  38,248.  It  comprises  the  town  proper,  sev- 
eral suburbs,  a  citadel,  an  imperial  palace,  a  cathedral  and 
numerous  other  churches,  and  a  seminary.  Here  are  also 
government  offices,  barracks,  inns,  a  theatre,  a  college,  and 
various  schools.  The  trade  is  considerable,  and  facilitated 
by  canals,  which  establish  a  water  communication  between 
the  Baltic  and  Caspian  Seas.  Tver,  being  on  the  high- 
road between  Moscow  and  St.  Petersburg,  is  an  entrepot 
for  corn  from  the  S.  destined  for  the  capital,  and  for  goods 
conveyed  overland  to  and  from  Riga.  It  was  founded  in 
1182,  and  was  the  capital  of  a  principality  from  1240  to 
1490.     It  is  an  archbishop's  see. 

Tvertsa,  Tvertza,  or  Twertza,  tvjut'sl,  a  river 
of  Russia,  government  of  Tver,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  110 
miles,  joins  the  Volga  on  the  left  at  Tver.  A  canal  joins 
the  Tvertsa  to  the  Msta,  an  affluent  of  Lake  Ilmen,  and 
thus  forms  a  communication  between  the  Caspian  Sea  and 
the  Baltic. 

Twane,  twain,  a  post-office  of  Dent  co..  Mo. 

Tward agora,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Festenberg. 

Twatatai,  a  suburb  of  Banka  (which  see). 

Tweed  (anc.  Tue'da),ii  river  of  Scotland  and  England, 
rises  in  Tweedsh'aws,  in  Peebles-shire,  flows  N.E.  and  E. 
through  the  cos.  of  Peebles,  Selkirk,  and  Roxburgh,  and 
then  between  Berwickshire  on  the  N.  and  the  English  cos. 
of  Northumberland  and  Durham  on  the  S.,  and  finally 
enters  the  North  Sea  at  Berwick.  Length,  95  miles.  Prin- 
cipal affluents,  the  Yarrow,  Ettrick,  Teviot,  and  Till  from 
the  S.,  and  the  Bigg.ar,  Gala,  Lauder,  and  Adder  from  the  N. 

Tweed,  a  river  of  New  South  AA'ales,  co.  of  Rous,  enters 
the  Pacific  near  lat.  28°  10'  S.,  Ion.  153°  30'  E. 

Tweed  (formerly  Hungerford  Mills),  a  post-vil- 
lage in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  river  Moira,  25  miles 
N,  of  Belleville.     It  has  good  water-power,  2  saw-mills,  it 


TWfi 


TWO 


flour-niill,  »tcnm  tannery,  woollcn-factorjr,  iron-foundry,  12 
atores,  and  3  oliuruhcs.     Pop.  600. 

Twccddnic,  the  popular  name  of  Pebblks. 
Twced'inouth,  a  town  of  England,  in  Northumber- 
land, on  the  rijjlit  bank  of  the  Tweed,  opposite  Berwick,  of 
which  it  forms  a  handsome  suburb,  connected  witli  it  by  a 
atone  bridge,  and  on  the  Newcastle  A  Uerwick  Railway.  It 
Ikas  a  neat  Gothic  church,  a  large  iron-foundry,  and  a  thriving 
aalmon-fiahcry.     Pop.  2809. 

Tweed'side,  a  post-village  in  Wontworth  oo.,  Otit&rio, 
4  miles  S.  of  Winona.     Pop.  100. 

Twee'lo,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Oelderland, 
3  miles  W.  of  Doventcr.     Pop.  1120. 

Twelve  Mile,  a  post-office  of  Grand  co.,  Col. 
Twelve  JMile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.,  12  miles 
N.E.  of  Logansport.     It  has  2  churches,  a  saw-mill,  and  3 
atores. 

Twelve  Alilet  a  post-ofBoe  of  Smith  oo.,  Kansas,  60 
miles  N.  of  Russell. 

Twelve  Mile,  post-township,  Madison  co..  Mo.  P.  869. 

Twelve  Mile  Creek,  of  South  Carolina,  flows  into 
Saluda  Rivor  in  Lexington  co.,  12  miles  above  Columbia. 

Twelve  Mile  Creek,  of  Pickens  co.,  S.C,  flows  into 
the  Kiowee  River  12  miles  S.  of  the  court-house. 

Twelve  Mile  Lake,  a  post-offlce  of  Emmett  co.,  Iowa. 

TAvelve  Pole,  a  post-offlce  of  Wayne  co.,  W.  Va. 

Twelve  Pole  Creek,  West  Virginia,  runs  nearly 
northward  through  Wayne  co.,  and  enters  the  Ohio  River 
at  Ceredo. 

TAventy-Fonr  Pergnn'nahs,  a  district  of  Bengal, 
having  S.  the  Bay  of  Bengal.  The  surface  is  a  dead  level, 
intersected  by  arms  of  the  Ganges,  and  it  comprises  a  part 
of  the  tract  termed  the  Sunderbunds.  Area,  2788  square 
miles.     Capital,  Calcutta.     Pop.  2,557,648. 

Twenty  Mile  Stand,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co., 
0.,  2  miles  from  the  Little  Miami  Railroad. 

Twenty-Six  Mile  Creek,  of  Anderson  oo.,  S.C, 
flows  S.W.  into  Kiowee  River. 

Twenty-Six  Mile  House,  a  post-hamlct  of  Stanis- 
laus CO.,  Cal.,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Farmington.    It  has  a  church. 

Twer,  Russia.    See  Tver. 

Twertza,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Tvertsa. 

Twick'enham,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Middlesex, 
on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Thames,  immediately  opposite  Rich- 
mond, with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  handsome  stone 
bridge,  and  on  the  railway  between  London  and  Staines, 
Hi  miles  W.S.W.  of  London.     Pop.  10,533. 

Twiggs,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Georgia,  h.as 
,an  area  of  about  460  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
W.  by  the  Ocmulgee  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Big 
.Sandy  Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  uneven,  and  more 
than  one-third  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Among  its  minerals  is  limestone.  This  county 
is  intersected  by  the  Macon  &  Brunswick  Railroad,  and  is 
connected  with  Savannah  by  the  Central  Railroad  of  Geor- 
gia. Capital,  Jeflersonville.  Valuation  of  real  and  per- 
sonal estate,  $1,110,291.  Pop.  in  1870,  8545,  of  whom  8538 
were  Americans;  in  1880,  8918. 

TAViggs,  a  post-office  of  Pleasants  co.,  AV.  Va. 

Twiggs'ville,  a  post-office  of  Twiggs  co.,  Ga.,  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Buzzard's  Roost  Station. 

Twil'lingate,  or  Toulinguct,  too-lin'gwet',  a  sea- 
port town  and  port  of  entry  of  Newfoundland,  capital  of 
the  district  of  Twillingate  and  Fogo,  190  miles  from  St. 
John's.  It  is  situated  on  two  islands  connected  together 
by  a  bridge.  Its  harbor  is  not  very  good,  being  exposed 
to  N.E.  winds.  Copper-mines  are  worked  in  the  vicinity, 
and  the  place  was  once  noted  for  its  fine  Newfoundland 
.dogs.     Pop.  2790. 

Twin,  a  township  of  Darke  co.,  0.     Pop.  1998. 

Twin,  a  township  of  Preble  co.,  0.     Pop.  1799. 

Twin,  a  township  of  Ross  co.,  0.,  about  10  miles  W.  of 
Chillicotho.  Pop.  2263.  It  contains  Bournoville,  and  is 
.drained  by  Paint  Creek. 

TAvin  Blutfs,  a  station  in  Richland  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Pine  River  Valley  <t  Stevens  Point  Railroad,  6  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Richland  Centre. 

Twin  Uridges,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Mon- 
tana, on  the  Beaver  Head  or  Jefferson  River,  about  25  miles 
N.W.  of  Virginia  City.    It  has  a  church,  a  store,  a  hotel,  Ac. 

Twin  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  in  Darke  co.,  runs  south- 
ward through  Preble  co.,  intersects  Montgomery  co.,  and 
enters  the  Miami  River  about  3  miles  below  Franklin.  It 
.is  nearly  50  miles  long. 

Twin  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Osborne  co.,  Kansas,  30 
.miles  N.  of  Bunker  Hill. 


Twuie  Valley,  a  pojit-offico  of  Polk  co.,  Minn. 
Twin  Falls,  a  pout-hamlet  of  Greenwood  co    Km 
on  Fall  River,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Eureka.  "' 

Twin  Grove,  a  ])08t-office  of  McLean  co.,  III. 
Twin  Grove,  a  township  of  Grccnwood'eo    Knn 
Pop.  543.  '  "" 

Twin  Grove,  a  post-hamlct  of  Qrccn  co..  Win.,  7  , 
miles  S.E.  of  Monroe.     It  has  a  church  and  a  iwttery 

Twin  Lake,  a  post-hamlct  in  Dalton  township  M 
kegon  CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Chicago  A  Wcet  Miuhijfnn  H 
road,  10  miles  N.  of  Muskegon.  It  has  a  lumber-mill 
Twin  Lakes,  a  station  in  Salisbury  township,  U\ 
field  CO.,  Conn.,  on  the  Connecticut  Wcslom  Railroai 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Winstod.  Here  are  two  imall  1»] 
named  Washince  and  Washining. 

Twin  Lakes,  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  eo.,  Iowb. 
Twin  Lakes,  township,  C.-vrlton  co.,  Minn.   Pop.  1 
Twin  Lakes,  a  post-office  of  Shawano  co.,  Wij. 
Twin  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Leo  co.,  Ky. 
Twin  Mound,  a  post-village  in   Marion  townil 
Douglas  CO.,  Kansas,  about  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lawrei 
Named  from  two  ancient  mounds. 

Twin   Mountain,  a  post-office  and  summer  ro 
of  Coos  CO.,  N.II.,  in  Carroll  township,  among  the  \\t 
Mountains,  and  on  the  AVhite  Mountain  Railroad,  12'J  m 
N.  of  Concord.     Here  is  a  well-known  hotel,  called  the  T 
Mountain  House,  which  is  5  or  6  miles  W.  of  the  Yah- 
House,  and  several  miles  N.  of  the  Twin  Mountain  I'ca 
Twin  Mountains,  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  about  14  m 
W.S.W.  of  Mount  Washington.     Hero  are  two  peaki,' 
North  Twin  and  South  Twin,  which  are  about  1  mile  an: 
Their  altitude  is  nearly  5000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  i 
Twin  Oak,  a  post-office  of  Louisa  co.,  Iowa,  near 
Iowa  River,  about  24  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Muscatine.      i 
Twin  Oaks,  a  post-hamlct  of  Graves  co.,  Ky.,  4r 
miles  from  Hickory  Grove.     It  has  2  churches. 
Twin  River,  a  post-office  of  Nye  co.,  Nevada. 
Twin  Rivers,  a  post-office  of  Kittson  co.,  Minn. 
Twin  Rivers,  of  Manitowoc  co..  Wis.,  are  two  in 
streams  which  rise  in  the  E.  part  of  the  state  and  ea 
Lake  Michigan  at  the  same  point. 

Twins'burg,  a  post-villivge  in  Twinsburg  townsl 
Summit  co.,  0.,  about  22  miles  S.E.  of  Cleveland,  ant 
miles  N.  of  Hudson.  It  has  3  churches  and  the  Twinsbt 
Institute  or  High  School.  Pop.  about  300.  Butter  : 
cheese  are  the  staple  products  of  this  township,  whici. 
8  cheese-factories  and  a  pop.  of  729. 

Twin  Sis'ters,  a  post-office  of  Blanco  co.,  Tex.     I 
Twin  Springs,  a  hamlet  of  Linn  co.,  Kansas,  »b 
13  miles  S.  of  Paola. 

Twin'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co.,  Tcnn.,  »bl 
12  miles  N.  of  Knoxvillc. 

Twist'ville,  a  post-office  of  Braxton  co.,  W.  Va. 
Two  Creeks,  township,  Manitowoc  co.,  Wis.  Pop.  ( 
Two  Creeks,  Wisconsin,  is  the  same  place  as  he»' 
Twofold  Bay,  an  inlet  on  the  E.  coa.<t  of  Austra 
30  miles  N.  of  Cape  Howe.     Lat.  of  Point  BricrW,  d 
the  head  of  the  bay,  37°  6'  2"  S. ;  Ion.  149°  58' 2'"' E. 
receives  the  Towamba  River.     On  the  N.  side  is  thevi- 
of  Eden,  and  on  the  S.  shore  Boydtown. 

Two  Islands,  a  hamlet  in  Cuniberland  co.,  ."^ 
Scotia,  6  milos  from  Parrsborough.     Pop.  100, 

Two  Lick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.,  on 
Indiana  Branch  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Indiana.  It  h 
lumber-mill  and  about  15  houses. 

Two  Lick  Creek,  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.,  flowi  i 
Yellow  Creek. 

Tavo  Locks,  a  village  of  Washington  co.,  Md.,  on 
Potomac  River  and  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Canal,  3J  i: 
from  North  Mountain  Station.  It  has  large  flouringu 
and  a  wagon-factory. 

Two  Mile  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Smyth  co.,  Va 
Two  Mountains  (Deux  Montagnes),  acountr 
Quebec,  having  the  Ottawa  River  for  its  S.  boundary.  .A 
258  square  miles.     It  is  watered  by  the  llivioro  iltt  -N 
and   RiviSre  du   Chcne,  which  flow  into  the  Ottawa. 
chief  towns  are  Sainte  Scholastique  (the  capital),  S" 
Columbin,  and  Saint  Augustin  de  Montr6al.    Pop.  15,61 
Two  Rivers,  a  post-township  of  Morrison  co.,  Min, 
on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Mississippi  River,  about  24  mil 
above  St.  Cloud.     It  has  several  lumber-mills.    Pop-  l" 
Two  Rivers,  or  Twin  Rivers,  a  post-villag'; 
Manitowoc  co..  Wis.,  in  a  township  of  its  own  nniii'_. 
Lake  Michigan,  and  on  the  Milwaukee,  Lake  Shore  i  V< .. 
em  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Manitowoc.    Two  small  riv 
(called  East  Two  and  West  Two)  here  enter  the  lake, 
has  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  4  churches,  » 


TWO 


26G9 


TYN 


m  ufactures  of  chairs,  furniture,  leather,  sash,  blinds,  <kc. 
pi.  in  1880,  2052;  of  the  township,  1324  additional. 

wo  Klin,  a  post-offioo  of  Lumpkin  co.,  Ga. 
wo  Sicilies,  Kingdom  of.    See  Naples. 

wo  Taverns,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Mint  Joy  township,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Gettysburg.     It  has  2 
churches  near  it. 

wymnn's  i,tvvi'manz)  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison 

Va.,  0  miles  N.W.  of  Orange  Court-IIouso. 
wymau's  Store,  post-office,  Spottsylvania  co.,  Va. 
yana,  the  ancient  name  of  Kiz-IIissAn. 

yaskiii,  ti'as-kin,  a  post-village  of  Wicomico  co.,  Md., 
oufie  Nanticoke,  18  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Salisbury.     P.  1690. 

ybeo  (ti-bce')  Island,  in  Tybee  Bay,  the  S.  side  of 
thSentrance  to  the  Savannah  River,  Ga.     At  its  N.  end  is 

!eJ  light,  80  feet  high.     Lat.  32°  N. ;  Ion.  80°  52'  W. 

ybeiu,  or  Tybaiu,  te-bin'  (It.  Duitio,  doo-ee'no),  a 
seiprt  town  of  Austria,  2  miles  from  Triest,  with  a  small 
ha(or.     It  was  once  walled  and  otherwise  fortified. 

y'bo,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Nye  oo.,  Ner., 
gS^ilcs  from  Eureka  Station.  It  has  a  q[uartz-mill,  and  a 
writing-furnace  for  silver  or  gold. 

ybris,  an  ancient  name  of  the  Tiber. 

fychuw,  a  village  of  Prussia.     See  TiciiAtr. 

h'cocktow  (ti-k5k-tow')  Island,  in  the  Canton 
Rilr,  China,  8  miles  long  and  6  miles  broad,  bounds  the 
"  ilier"  and  "  outer  waters"  at  the  entrance  of  the  Boca 
TiSs.     It  was  taken  by  the  British  in  1841. 

lye  (ti)  River,  a  small  stream  in  the  S.E.  central  part 
of  prginia,  rises  at  the  base  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  flows  S.E. 
thxigh  Nelson  co.,  and  enters  James  River.  It  furnishes 
move-power  for  mills. 

we  River  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nelson  co.,  Va., 
onpe  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  22  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
tjfchburg.     It  has  1  or  2  flouring-raills  on  Tye  River. 

|y'gart's  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Greenup  co.,  Ky. 

V'gart's  Val'ley  River,  West  Virginia,  rises  in 
Raftolph  CO.,  runs  northward  through  Barbour  and  Taylor 
C'OSand  unites  with  the  West  Fork  of  the  Monongahela 
Rijr  about  4  miles  S.W.  of  Fairmont.     Length,  140  miles. 

Wet's  Creek,  Kentucky,  drains  part  of  Carter  co., 
ru/northward  through  Greenup  co.,  and  enters  the  Ohio 
Ilijr  2  or  3  miles  from  Portsmouth,  0. 

y'ghee  (Tar'gee,  or  Tah'gee)  Pass,  a  depression 
in  |e  Rocky  Mountain  range,  about  4  miles  E.  of  Henry 
La|,  Idaho,  and  near  lat.  44°  41'  N,  It  is  7063  feet  in 
eleition,  and  forms  one  of  the  gateways  to  the  Madison 
Vapy. 

■ygh  (ti)  Valley,  a  post-office  and  fertile  valley  of 
Wio  CO.,  Oregon,  31  miles  from  The  Dalles. 

y-Ho,  China.     See  Lantao. 

'^''ler,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area 
of  !pout  930  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Neies  River,  and  is  drained  by  Beech,  Turkey,  and  other 
creis.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively 
coved  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  cattle, 
Imin  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital, 
AVclville.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $331,019. 
Pofin  1870,  5010;  in  1880,  5825. 

'yier,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  West  Virginia,  has 
an  jca  of  about  300  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.'.  by  the  Ohio  River,  which  separates  it  from  the  state 
of  lio,  and  is  intersected  by  Middle  Island  Creek.  The 
surpo  is  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  for- 
est The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  butter,  pork, 
anivool  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  minerals  are 
liutone  and  bituminous  coal.  Capital,  Middlebourne. 
VaMion  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $2,287,738.  Pop.  in 
18^  7832,  of  whom  7724  were  Americans  ;  in  1880,  11,073. 

'Vier,  a  post-office  of  Prairie  co..  Ark. 

'/ler,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Minn. 

'pier,  a  township  of  Hickory  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1285. 

Vier,  a  post-office  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Low 
GriB  division  of  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  41  miles 
E.     N.  of  Brookville. 

''ler,  a  station  in  Susquehanna  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Mon- 
trp  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Montrose. 

*rler,  a  pont-village,  capital  of  Smith  eo.,  Te.x.,  on  the 
Wo  lern  division  of  the  International  ife  Great  Northern 
rta  oad,  19  miles  N.W.  of  Troupe,  and  25  miles  S.  by  E. 
of  ineola.  It  has  a  court-house,  a  public  library  of 
10,0  volumes,  a  banking-house,  the  Charnwood  Institute, 
pri  ing-offices  which  issue  1  daily  and  2  weekly  news- 
tap,  6  churches,  a  foundry,  ic.     Pop.  in  1880,  2423. 

ier  City,  a  post-hamlet  in  Orange  township.  New 
Jla  n  CO.,  Conn.,  on  the  New  Haven  &  Derby  Railroad, 
abd  5  miles  W.S.W-  of  New  Haven. 


Tyler  Mill,  a  post-village  in  Damascus  township, 
Wayne  co.,  Pa.,  2i  miles  from  Cochecton,  N.Y.  It  has  a 
saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  3  stores,  and  a  planing-mill. 

Tyler  Park,  a  station  of  the  Northern  Railroad  of 
New  Jersey,  3  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City. 

Tyler's,  a  post-office  of  Hanover  co.,  Va. 

Ty'lersburg,  a  post-village  in  Farmington  township, 
Clarion  co.,  Pa.,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Tionesta,  and  about  22 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Oil  City.  It  has  2  churches,  2  lumber- 
mills,  a  drug-store,  and  2  general  stores. 

Tyler's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cabell  co.,  W.  Va., 
13  miles  S.  of  Milton.     It  has  2  churches. 

Ty'lerspprt,  apost-village  in  Upper  Salford  township, 
Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Telford  Station,  and 
about  18  miles  N.  of  Norristown.  It  has  a  coach -factory, 
2  cigar-factories,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  250. 

Ty'lersville,  a  post-village  in  Logan  township,  Clinton 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  Fishing  Creek,  12  miles  S.  of  Lock  Haven. 

Tylersville,  a  post-office  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C. 

Tyler  Tpwn,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co..  Miss. 

Ty'lertown,  a  hamlet  of  Ashland  oo.,  0.,  on  the  Lake 
Fork,  about  20  miles  E.  of  Mansfield.  It  has  2  churches. 
Here  is  Lake  Fork  Post-Offioe. 

Ty'lerville,  a  post-office  of  Middlesex  co..  Conn.,  on 
the  W.  bank  of  the  Connecticut  River,  15  miles  below  Mid- 
dletown. 

Tylcrville,  a  hamlet  in  Rutland  township,  Jefferson 
CO.,  N.Y.,  9  miles  S.E.  of  AVatertown.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  creamery,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Here  is  South 
Rutland  Post-Office. 

Tylos,  an  ancient  name  of  Baiiuei.v  Island. 

Tymochtee,  ti-mok'te,  a  post-hamlet  in  Tymochteo 
township,  Wyandot  co.,  0.,  on  the  Sandusky  River,  about' 
15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Tiffin.  It  is  near  Tymochtee  Station, 
which  is  on  the  Columbus  &  Toledo  Railroad,  7  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Upper  Sandusky.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1631. 

Tymochtee  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  in  Marion  co.,  runs 
northward  in  Wyandot  oo.,  and  enters  the  Sandusky  River 
about  10  miles  N.  of  Upper  Sandusky. 

Tymphrestus,  the  ancient  name  of  Veluchi. 

Tyndall,  Mount,  California.     See  Mount  Tyndall. 

Tyndaris.    See  Tindare. 

Tyne,  tin,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Northumberland, 
is  formed  by  the  junction  of  the  North  and  South  Tyne, 
near  Hexham,  from  which  town  it  has  mostly  an  E.  course 
to  the  North  Sea,  separating  the  boroughs  of  North  and 
South  Shields.  Total  course  from  Hexham,  35  miles,  for 
the  last  18  miles  of  which  it  forms  the  boundary  between 
the  counties  of  Northumberland  and  Durham.  Principal 
affluent,  the  Derwent,  from  the  S.  Its  banks  are  steep, 
and  it  is  navigable  from  the  sea  to  Newcastle  for  vessels  of 
300  to  400  tons'  burden.  It  is  of  great  commercial  im- 
portance. The  North  Tvne  rises  on  the  border  of  Scot- 
land, and  runs  S.E.  and  S.,  past  Bellingham  and  Cheller- 
ford,  receiving  the  Reed  from  the  N.  The  South  Tynk  rii^cs 
in  Cumberland,  flows  N.  and  E.,  past  Aldstone  and  Halt- 
whistle,  and  with  the  Tyne  is  accompanied  in  its  whole 
course  by  the  Newcastle  k  Carlisle  Railway. 

Tyne,  a  small  river  of  Scotland,  rises  in  the  parish  of 
Borthwick,  flows  mostly  N.E.  through  Haddingtonshire, 
and  enters  the  North  Sea  at  Tynninghame,  2}  miles  N.W. 
of  Dunbar,  after  a  course  of  28  miles. 

Tyne'mouth,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Northumber^ 
land,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Tyne,  at  its  mouth  in  the 
North  Sea,  adjacent  to  North  Shields,  and  on  a  railway,  8- 
miles  E.N. E.  of  Newcastle.  Pop.  38,941.  Tyneuiouth,  at 
the  E.  angle  of  the  borough,  facing  the  sea,  has  many  inns 
and  lodging-houses  for  visitors,  who  resort  to  it  for  bathing, 
a  castle  of  the  eleventh  century,  on  a  lofty  rock,  now  used 
for  barracks  and  military  magazines,  and  a  light-house  in 
lat.  55°  1'  3"  N.,  Ion.  1°  25'  W, 

Tynemouth,  New  Brunswick.    See  Ten  Mile  Creek. 

Ty'ner,  a  post-office  of  Phillips  co..  Ark. 

Tyner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa,  in  Elkhart 
township,  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Des  Moines,  and  15  miles  S. 
of  Nevada.     It  has  a  church. 

Tyner,  Guernsey  co.,  0.    See  Miller's. 

Tyner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad,  10  miles  E. 
by  N.  of  Chattanooga.     It  has  2  churches. 

Tyner,  a  post-office  of  Blanco  co.,  Tex. 

Tyner,  Ashland  co..  Wis.     See  Silver  Creek. 

Tyner  City,  a  post-village  in  Polk  township,  Marshall 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Indianapolis,  I'eru  &  Chicago  Railroad,  at 
Tyner  Station,  23  miles  S.E.  of  La  Porte,  and  7  miles  N.W, 
of  Plymouth.  It  has  2  churches,  a  saw-mill,  and  1  stores. 
Fop.  about  200. 


TYJJ 


2670 


tyu 


Ty'ncr'S)  a  station  in  Fnyotto  oo.,  Ind.,  on  tho  Cin- 
oinniiti,  Hamilton  A  Indianapolis  llailroad,  'i  miles  W.  of 
Connorsville. 

Ty'iierville,  a  post-ofBco  of  Howard  co.,  Nob. 

Tyiigsborougli,  tingz'bJlr-riih,  a  posl-villugo  of  Mid- 
dlesex CO.,  Mass.,  in  Tyngsborough  township,  on  tho  Mor- 
riuiao  River,  and  on  the  Boston,  Lowell  k  Nashua  Railroad, 
64  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lowell,  and  33  miles  N.W.  of  Boston. 
It  has  3  churohos,  and  mnnufacturos  of  brushes  and  shoddy. 
Pop.  of  tho  township,  665. 

Ty'nish,  an  Islot  off  tho  W.  coast  of  Ireland,  co.  of 
Oalway,  2  uiiies  W.  of  Lettcrmore. 

Typinsan,  tl-pin-siln',  the  easternmost  and  largest  of 
the  Madjioosima  Islands,  in  the  China  Sea.  Lat.  24°  43' 
N. ;  Ion.  125°  29'  E.  Length,  20  miles;  greatest  breadth, 
10  miles,  at  its  W.  end.     A  dangerous  reef  is  on  the  N.  side. 

Ty'ra,  a  post-oflSoe  of  Moore  co.,  N.C.,  20  miles  from 
Carthage. 

Tyrana)  to-ri'nl,  a  city  of  European  Turkey,  in  Al- 
bania, 15  miles  N.  by  E.  of  El-Bassan.  It  is  noted  for  its 
beautiful  mosques  and  spacious  market-places. 

Tyras,  the  ancient  name  of  Akeumax. 

Tyras,  the  ancient  name  of  the  D-viesteh. 

Tyrcon'nel,  a  post-village  in  Elgin  co.,  Ontario,  3 
miles  from  Wallacetown.  It  contains  several  stores  and 
mills.    Pop.  160. 

Tyrcoiinel  (tlr-kon'n^l)  Mines,  a  post-office  and 
mining-village  of  Taylor  co.,  AV.  Va.,  at  Tyrconnel  Station 
on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of  Clarks- 
burg.    Coal  is  mined  here. 

Tyre,  a  maritime  city  of  antiquity.    See  Soon. 

Tyre,  tiro,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mich.,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Cass  River,  about  54  miles  E.  of  Bay  City. 
It  has  a  church  and  1  or  2  lumber-mills. 

Tyre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Tyie  township,  Seneca  co.,  N.Y., 
6  miles  N.  of  Seneca  Falls,  and  14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Au- 
burn. It  has  2  churches.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  Seneca  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Erie  Canal. 
Pop.  of  tho  township,  121S. 

Tyree,  or  Tyry.    See  Tiree. 

Tyr'ell's  Bay,  an  inlet  at  the  S.  extremity  of  the 
island  of  St.  Vincent,  in  tho  British  West  Indies.  On  it  is 
the  village  of  Calliaqua,  2i  miles  S.E.  of  Kingston. 

Tyria,  tlr'o-i,  or  Tireh,  tee'rfih,  a  town  of  Asia 
Minor,  near  the  Little  Mender  River  (anc.  Cnys'ter),  44 
miles  S.E.  of  Smyrna,  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Tmolus.  It 
has  numerous  mosques. 

Tyri-Fiord,  tu're-fe-ond',  a  lake  of  Norway,  16  miles 
W.  of  Christiania.  Length,  16  miles;  breadth,  7  miles.  On 
the  N.  it  receives  the  Beina-Elf,  and  on  tho  S.  it  gives 
efflux  to  the  Drammen  River. 

Tyringham,  tCor'ing-hara,  a  post-township  of  Bork- 
ehire  co.,  Mass.,  about  15  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Pittsfield.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  paper-mill.     Pop.  617. 

Tyrnau,  teeii'now,  or  Ternava,  tSit-ni'vi  (Hun. 
Nagy  Szombalh,  nodj  som^bot'),  a  town  of  West  Hungary, 
CO.  and  27  miles  N.E.  of  Presburg,  with  which  it  is  con- 
nected by  railway.  Pop.  9737.  It  has  numerous  churches, 
B  Roman  Catholic  college,  military  and  other  schools,  a 
public  library,  manufactures  of  woollen  and  linen  fabrics, 
a  considerable  trade,  and  important  annual  fairs. 

Ty'ro,  a  hamlet  of  Lincoln  co..  Ark.,  18  miles  from 
Varner  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Tyro,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tate  co..  Miss.,  16  miles  W.  of 
Benntobla.     It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Tyro,  a  hamlet  and  township  of  Davidson  co.,  N.C.,  on 
the  Yadkin  River,  6  miles  from  Linwood  Station.    Pop.  985. 

Tyrol,  tlr'rol  (Gor.  pron.  te-rol'),  and  Vorarlberg, 
for-anrbfino  (anc.  Jihxtia  and  a  part  of  Noricum),  a  crown- 
land  of  Austro-Hungary,  in  Cisleithania,  enclosed  by  Ca- 
rinthia,  Salzburg,  Bavaria,  Switzerland,  Liechtenstein,  and 
Italy,  lat.  45°  40'  to  47°  41'  N.,  Ion.  9°  30'  to  12°  30'  E., 
the  W.  portion,  to  the  sources  of  the  Stanz,  forming  Vorarl- 
berg, and  the  E.  portion  Tyrol  proper.  Area,  11,287  square 
miles.  Pop.  878,907.  It  is  mountainous  throughout,  and  in 
regard  to  scenery  is  second  only  to  Switzerland,  of  which  it 
may  be  regarded  as  a  continuation.  Tho  Alps,  entering  it 
from  Switzerland,  stretch  across  it  from  W.  to  E.  in  three 
chains.  The  loftiest  of  these  is  tho  Rhaetian  Alps,  which, 
occupying  the  centre,  divide  the  country  into  a  N.  and  S. 
portion.  In  this  chain  are  situated  Mount  Ortler,  12,852 
feet,  and  the  Gross-Glockner,  13,100  feet  high.  The  second 
parallel  chain,  situated  in  the  N.,  not  far  from  the  frontier, 
forms  the  Tyrolese  or  German  Alps  ;  and  the  third  chain, 
to  which  the  name  of  the  Trent  Alps  is  given,  bends  round 
from  the  Lago  di  Garda,  and  continues  E.  till  it  becomes 
linked  with  the  Carnic  Alps.   All  these  chains  descend  very 


abruptly  on  the  S.  side,  and  form  short  latcrnl  valleyi  I 
on  their  N.  sides  generally  slope  gruduiilly  by  tcrrnciV,  i 
spaces  between  which  are  occupied  by  lon'gitiulinal  vulic 
Many  of  the  summits  are  cupped  witli  pen)Otual  snow  «' 
glaciers,  covering  in  all  a  8i)ace  of  about  170  squnre  mil, 
descend  into  tho  valleys  to  the  level  of  about  4000  ft, 
Notwithstanding  tho  height  of  tho  chains,  tho  Tyrol  L 
several  of  the  lowest  passes  in  tho  Alps.  Tho  oclebrut, 
Brenner  Pass  is  little  more  than  4000  feet  above  «ea-lu, 
The  other  principal  passes  are  the  Malserlieiilc,  Tiinljlji,,,  1 
Arlberg,  Schlosaborg,  Acliun  Pass,  ami  tho  pan  of  ,Saj 
Pellegrino.  The  loftiest  of  all  tho  passes  is  the  Stelvio  i 
Stilfserjoch,  the  height  of  which  is  UlOO  feet. 

The  drainage  is  divided  between  the  basins  of  the  RMn 
the  Danube,  and  the  Po.  The  first,  formin;;  partol  tl' 
N.W.  boundary,  receives  tho  waters  of  the  \'orarlbcr".  ] 
much  larger  share  of  drainage  is  received  by  tlio  Diriiul,' 
whose  important  tributary  the  Inn  receives  from  buth  til 
Rhottian  and  the  Tyrolese  Alps  numerous  strciiois  fc,l  t, 
perpetual  snow  and  glaciers.  Another  large  supply  «,|l 
to  tho  Danube  proceeds  from  the  S.  side  of  the  Hlmii ,! 
Alps,  where  the  waters  go  to  augment  its  allluint  >: 
Drave.  The  Adriatic  receives  its  share  chiclly  t!i: 
the  Adige.  None  of  the  rivers  are  of  much  navigiiblt  ui| 
portance  ;  but  their  effect  on  the  scenery  may  be  estiiimte 
from  the  fact  that  they  form  above  150  largo  wnlerfull 
The  largest  lakes,  the  Garda  and  Constance,  though  fiti 
ated  on  the  frontiers,  belong  less  to  the  Tyrol  than  to  otlit 
countries.  The  others,  though  very  numerous  and  picti; 
resquo,  are  small. 

Tho  climate  in  the  N.  is  severe,  but  not  so  much  nsaii 
the  AV.,  where  tho  greatest  degree  of  cold  is  felt ;  in  the  f ' 
it  becomes  much  milder,  and  almost  Italian.  The  nnmi; 
fall  of  rain  is  very  nearly  equal  in  both  tho  N.  and  the  S 
and  averages  about  26  inches. 

About  one-third  of  the  whole  surface  is  occupied  by  pci 
petual  snows,  glaciers,  and  inaccessible  barren  rocks.  Katlit 
more  than  another  third  is  covered  with  forests.  The  u 
maining  portion  includes  large  tracts  of  commons,  meadow- 
gardens,  vineyards,  and  arable  lands.  The  commons  iui 
meadows  are  employed  in  rearing  cattle,  which  in  all  Ih 
higher  districts  forms  the  principal  occupation.  The  mo? 
numerous  stock  are  sheep  and  goats.  Vast  quantities  ci 
fruits  are  grown,  and  the  vine  succeeds  well  and  producf 
wines  of  excellent  quality.  Other  objects  of  subsidiii' 
culture  are  olives  and  mulberries.  The  farms  arc  general' 
small,  and  the  operations  of  husbandry  are  conducted  wii; 
little  skill ;  but  the  spirit  of  industry  is  untiring,  and 
large  amount  of  produce  is  obtained.  The  principal  croj 
are  maize,  rye,  wheat,  barley,  oats,  and  potatoes.  Hcii:| 
flax,  tobacco,  and  sumach  are  also  largely  grown.  T; 
rearing  of  canary-birds  is  pursued  on  a  large  scale,  ai: 
most  parts  of  Europe  are  supplied  with  singing-birds  f f  : 
tho  Tyrol.  Wolves,  bears,  wild  boars,  marmots,  cbnin'i- 
Ac,  inhabit  tho  mountain-districts.  The  minerals,  wlii  : 
once  formed  tho  chief  source  of  wealth,  are  less  produoti' 
than  formerly,  but  are  still  worked.  The  moFt  importm 
are  iron  and  salt ;  but  both  gold  and  silver  arc  obtaitu  i 
also  copper  and  lead.  Of  the  manufactures  of  the  Tyi 
the  first  place  belongs  to  the  spinning  and  weaving  of  t\.  ■ 
which  has  its  principal  localities  in  Roveredo,  Botzen,  n: 
Trent.  The  next  in  order  is  metal-ware,  including  artiiii 
in  copper,  iron,  and  brass,  shovels,  wire,  nails,  and  scyth' 
Another  manufacture  in  which  the  Tyrolese  display  i: 
genuity  is  that  of  articles  in  wood.  Lace  and  embroidt;; 
and  glove-making  employ  a  great  many  persons. 

There  are  few  countries  in  which  the  devotional  feeli;;; 
is  so  strong  ;  and  it  has  doubtless  contributed  to  the  fonna- 
tion  of  that  simple,  pure,  manly,  and  independent  character 
for  which  the  Tyrolese  are  distinguished.     Nearly  all  are 
Roman  Catholics.     Many  of  the  inhabitants  emigrate; 
laborers  into  the  neighboring  countries.     Tho  Tyrol  has  r 
own  national  diet,  composed  of  the  nobility,  clergy,  ai 
deputies  of  the  towns  and  of  the  rural  districts,  who  irn 
in  one  chamber.     Capital,  Innspruck. 

Tyrol  formed  part  of  ancient  llhectia,  and,  after  a  long 
and  noble  struggle  to  maintain  its  independence,  waJ  con- 
verted into  a  Roman  province.  It  suffered  much  from  the 
inroads  of  the  Northern  barbarians,  and  at  a  later  peri«'' 
was  governed  by  counts,  who  continued  in  possession  In' 
1254,  when,  the  line  becoming  extinct,  the  Count  of  Giir^; 
succeeded.  His  heirs  governed  till  ISC'?,  when  the  succ 
sion  opened  to  a  female,  who  ceded  it  to  the  Archduke  ' 
Austria.  It  has  since  remained  in  the  possession  of  tnal 
family,  with  the  exception  of  a  short  period  in  the  begin- 
ning of  the  present  century,  when  Napoleon  gave  it  to  tu« 
^  Bavarians. Adj.  and  inhab.  Tyrolese,  tlr'o-leci'. 


TYR 


2671 


UBE 


,yrone,  ti-rOn',  a  county  of  Ireland,  in  Ulster,  having 
KJio  CO,  of  Londonderry,  E.  Armagh,  S.  Monaghan,  and 
Wbonegal.  Area,  1260  square  miles.  Surface  hilly, 
tilg  into  mountains  in  the  N.  and  S.  Principal  rivers, 
Ihjilackwater  and  Foyle,  with  their  tributaries.  Lough 
N(^h  forms  part  of  the  E.  boundary.  Soil  in  the  lower 
di.-'icts  fertile,  but  agriculture  generally  very  backward. 
Pncipal  crops,  potatoes  and  oats,  with  a  little  barley,  flax, 
anclover.  A  considerable  quantity  of  good  coal  is  raised. 
Tli!  principal  manufactures  are  those  of  linens,  woollens, 
blikcts,  whisky,  beer,  flour,  meal,  and  earthenwares. 
I'rBipal  towns,  Strabane,  Dungannon,  Cookstown,  and 
Oagh.  Tyrone  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Com- 
in(S.  The  O'Xeils  were  kings  in  Ireland  antecedent  to 
Chptianity,  and  wore  chiefs  of  Tyrone  when  the  rebellion 
of  597  broke  out  under  their  auspices.     Pop.  215,766. 

lyrone^  ti-rOn',  a  post-office  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  on 
thi^orth  Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  at  Tyrone  Mills  Station, 
7-1 'lies  N.W.  of  San  Francisco. 

Vrone,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  eo.,  Iowa,  on  the  Bur- 
linfon  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Albia. 

lyrone,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  about  4 
mi»  N.W.  of  Westminster. 

fyronC)  a  township  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  866.  Seo 
Km  City. 

^rone^a  post-township  of  Livingston  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
lli    Tyrone  Post-Office  is  6  miles  S.  of  Fentonvillo. 

Vrone,  a  township  of  Le  Sueur  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  940. 

#rone)  a  post-village  in  Tyrone  township,  Schuyler 
oo.lN.Y.,  10  miles  W.  of  Watkins,  and  about  25  miles 
N.  W.  of  Elmira.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  4  stores, 
a  s^-mill,  and  a  tannery.  Pop.  about  230.  The  township 
coiiiins  other  villages,  named  Wayne  and  Weston.  Pop. 
of  le  township,  1964. 

Vrone,  a  post-oSice  of  Coshocton  co.,  0. 

Vrone,  a  township  of  Adams  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1009. 

'yrone,  a  post-borough  in  Snyder  township,  Blair  co., 
Pafon  the  Little  Juniata  River  and  the  Pennsylvania 
llat'oad,  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Altoona,  and  55  miles  S.W. 
of  pck  Haven.  It  is  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Bald  Eagle 
Vaiy  Railroad  and  of  the  Tyrone  &  Clearfield  Branch 
Raf-oad.  It  has  6  churches,  3  newspaper  ofiices,  3  banks, 
lar«  iron-works,  2  planing-mills,  a  tannerv,  a  furniture- 
fac'ry,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1870,  1840;  in  1880,  2678. 

'yrone,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  2276. 

'yrone,  a  township  of  Perry  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1287. 

yrone,  a  post-village  in  Durham  co.,  Ontario,  7  miles 
N.f  Bowmanville.  It  contains  3  stores,  a  saw-mill,  and 
a  gst-mill.     Pop.  300. 

Vron'za,  a  post-office  of  Cross  co..  Ark.,  i  mile  from 
th(»t.  Francis  River,  and  15  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Madison. 

yros,  an  ancient  name  of  Bahuei.v  Island. 

'Vrrel,  tlr'r^l,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  North  Caro- 
lin'has  an  area  of  .about  360  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on\e  N.  by  Albemarle  Sound,  and  on  the  E.  by  Alligator 
Rir,  which  is  several  miles  wide.  The  surface  is  level, 
anie.xtensively  covered  with  forests  of  cypress,  pine,  red 
ceif-,  Ac.  The  soil  is  sandy,  and  in  some  parts  swampy. 
5Ii|e,  pork,  and  cotton  are  the  staples.  Capital,  Columbia. 
Vafation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $810,072.  Pop.  in 
ISt  4173,  of  whom  4166  were  Americans;  in  1880,  4545. 

Vr'rell,  or  Hope'ville,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk 
co.Dntario,  6  miles  from  Simcoe.*    Pop.  100. 


Tyrrell  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Youngstown  Branch  of  the  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  14  milea 
N.  of  Youngstown.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  stave-factory, 
and  a  coal-mine. 

Tyr'rel's  Pass,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Westmeath, 
8i  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mullingar.  Pop.  475.  It  was  the  scene 
of  bloody  contests  in  the  time  of  Elizabeth. 

Tyrrhene,  tir'reen  or  tlr-reen',  or  Tyrrhe'niau 
Sea  (anc.  Tyrrhe'num  Ma're),  is  a  name  given  by  the  an- 
cients and  by  many  modern  geographers  to  that  part  of  the 
Mediterranean  which  extends  between  the  coast  of  Italy 
and  the  islands  of  Corsica,  Sardinia,  and  Sicily. 

Tyrsild,  a  river  of  Norway.    See  Klar. 

Tyrus,  an  ancient  name  of  Sock. 

Tyry,  one  of  the  Hebrides  Islands.    See  Tiree. 

Tyschyt,  a  town  of  Africa.    See  Tisheet. 

Tysdrus,  the  ancient  name  of  El-Jemm. 

Tysmienica,  tis-m'yfin-eet'sS,,  a  town  of  Austrian  Ga- 
licia,  6  miles  E.S.E.  of  Stanislawow.  Pop.  7158.  It  has 
Catholic,  Greek  United,  and  Armenian  churches,  and  a 
trade  in  wax,  leather,  and  cattle. 

Tysnosoe,  tiis'nb-so'fih,  an  island  of  Norway,  25  miles 
S.  of  Bergen,  at  the  entrance  of  Hardanger-Fiord.  Length, 
11  miles;  breadth,  7  miles. 

Ty'son,  a  township  of  Stanley  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  880. 

Tyson  Furnace,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windsor  co.,  Vt., 
in  Plymouth  township,  about  18  miles  S.E.  of  Rutland.  It 
has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Tyson's,  a  station  of  the  Vicksburg  &  Brunswick  Rail- 
road, 9  miles  W.  of  Eufaula,  Ala. 

Tyson's  Mills,  a  village  of  Webster  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Des  Moines  River,  about  60  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Des  Moines 
City.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  2  stores. 

Ty'sor's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chatham  co.,  N.C,  6J 
miles  from  Egypt  Depot.  Here  are  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw- 
mill. 

Ty  Ty,  a  post-office  of  Worth  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Bruns- 
wick &  Albany  Railroad,  32  miles  E.  of  Albany. 

Tywap'pity,  township,  Mississippi  co..  Mo.     P.  1778. 

Tzaglaik,  tsig-lik'  (?),atown  of  European  Turkey,  in 
Macedonia,  54  miles  E.  of  Seres,  on  the  Kara-Soo,  near  the 
iEgean  Sea. 

Tzana,  or  Zana,  a  lake  of  Abyssinia.    See  Dembba. 

Tzarevokokshaisk.    See  Tsarevokokshaisk. 

Tzarevosantchursk.    See  Tsarevosantchoorsk. 

Tzaritzin,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Tsaritsin. 

Tzarskoe-Selo,  Russia.     See  Tsarskoe-Selo. 

Tzatalze,  a  town  of  Thcssaly.     See  Sataloe. 

Tzerina,  a  town  of  Cyprus.    See  Cerina. 

Tzernogora,  the  native  name  of  Montenegro. 

Tzimnitza,  a  town  of  Roumania.    See  Simnitza. 

Tzimova,  tse-mo'vl,  a  large  village  of  Greece,  in  the 
Morea,  on  the  E.  shore  of  the  Gulf  of  Koron,  20  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Cape  Matapan. 

Tzintzoutzan,  tsint-soo-tsin',  a  town  of  Mexico, 
state  of  Michoacan,  on  a  small  lake,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Val- 
ladolid,  with  some  remains  of  ancient  architecture.  It  was 
originally  the  capital  of  the  Indian  kingdom  of  Michoacan, 
Pop.  about  5000. 

Tzipa,  a  river  of  Siberia.     See  Tsypa. 

Tzivilsk,  or  Tsivilsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  62  miles  W.  of  Kazan. 

Tzna,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Zna. 


u. 


ihuga,  an  island  of  the  Pacific.    See  WASHiNaxoN. 

,!llan,  an  island  of  the  Pacific.     See  Ocalan. 

^napu,  oo-i-n4-poo',  or  Anapu,  i-ni-poo',  a  river 
of  |razil,  province  of  Pard,  joins  the  Pard  S.  of  the  island 
of  |arajo,  after  a  N.  course  of  400  miles. 

apoa,  Marquesas  Islands.     See  RoAPOA. 

ptuma,  oo-4-too'mi,  a  river  of  Brazil,  province  of 
Pa^  joins  the  Amazon  50  miles  E.N.E.  of  Silves,  after  a 
S.S.  course  estimated  at  350  miles. 

hupes,  wow'pSs,  a  river  of  Brazil,  joins  the  Rio  Negro 
onhe  right,  near  the  equator.     Lon.  67°  40'  W. 

pa,  oo'bi,  a  village  and  parish  of  Brazil,  province  of 
Miis-Geraes,  near  an  affluent  of  the  Parahiba  do  Sul. 


Uba,  a  river  of  Siberia.    See  Ooba. 

Ubach,  oo'b&K,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  12  milei 
N.  of  Aix-la-Chapelle.     Pop.  1258. 

Ubahi,  a  river  of  Brazil.     See  Ivahi. 

Vbahy,  a  lake  and  river  of  Bolivia.    See  Magdalena, 

Ubatuba,  oo-bl-too'bi,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  SSo  Paulo, 
100  miles  N.E.  of  Santos.     Pop.,  with  district,  6000. 

Ubaye,  U-bi',  a  river  of  France,  department  of  Basscs- 
Alpes,  after  a  W.  course  of  40  miles,  joins  the  Durance. 

iJbeda,  oo-ni'Di,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  26 
miles  N.E.  of  Jaen.  Pop.  18,378.  It  has  remains  of  an. 
cient  walls,  a  cathedral,  formerly  a  mosque,  manufactures 
of  woollens  and  earthenwares,  and  a  trade  in  corn,  fruits,  < 


XfBSf 


2672 


UGI 


oil,   wine,    and  horses.      It   was   taken   from   the   Moors 
in  1212. 

Uberavat  oo-b&-r&'v&,  a  town  of  Bra»l,  province  of 
Minos-Geraes. 

,t  Vberlingen,  a  town  of  Baden.    See  Ubbbrlihoen. 
'<  IJbersdorf,  Switzerland.    See  Uedkrsdorf. 

Ubes,  Saint)  a  oity  of  Portugal.    See  Sgtubal. 

U  Betf  a  post-hauilet  of  Hiirdctnan  co.,  Tonn.,  on  the 
Memphis  A  Charleston  llailroad,  6i  miles  E.  of  Memphis. 
It  has  a  church. 

U bit  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  Siam.    See  Oby. 

Ubrique*  oo-Bree'i;&,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  46 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Cadiz.  Pop.  4876.  It  has  manufactures 
of  woollens. 

Ubsa  Nor,  a  lake  of  China.    See  Oobsa  Nob. 

Ubstadt,  ddp'st&tt,  a  village  of  Baden,  circle  of  Middle 
Rhine,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Bruchsal.     Pop.  1112. 

Ucayale,  oo-ki-&'l&,  Ucayali,  oo-ki-&'lee,  or  Paro, 
p&'ro,  a  large  river  of  Peru,  E.  of  the  Andes,  and  one  of 
the  principal  head-streams  of  the  Amazon.  It  unites  with 
the  Tunguragua,  after  a  N.  course  of  000  miles,  near  lat.  4° 
26'  S.,  Ion.  72°  30'  E.,  to  form  the  Amazon.  It  receives 
numerous  and  considerable  affluents,  the  chief  being  the 
Apuriraac.  It  is  navigable  from  the  Amazon  for  large  ves- 
sels to  Sarayaeu,  lat.  7°  S. 

Uccle,  Uk'l,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  South  Brabant,  2 
miles  S.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  6939. 

Uceda,  oo-thi'Di,  a  decayed  city  of  Spain,  province  and 
25  miles  \V.  of  Soria.  Pop.  937.  In  its  castle  Ximenes 
was  once  confined.  Near  it  a  small  Christian  population 
lived  undisturbed  throughout  the  Moorish  dominion. 

Uchee,  yu'cbee,  a  post-offlce  of  Kussell  co.,  Ala.,  about 
24  miles  S.  of  Opelika. 

Uchee  Anna,  Florida.    See  Euchee  Anna. 

Uchee  Creek,  Alabama.    See  Euchee  Creek. 

Uchee  Creek,  of  Columbia  co.,  Ga.,  flows  into  the 
Savannah  River. 

Uchi,  a  town  of  Toorkistan.    See  Oochee. 

XJchizy,  U^shee^zee',  a  village  of  France,  in  Sa6ne-et- 
Loire,  arrondissement  of  Micon.     Pop.  1482. 

Uch-Keleeseh,  Armenia.     See  Utch-Kiltssa. 

Uchte,  66K't§h,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  16 
miles  S.W.  of  Nienburg.     Pop.  1232. 

Uchte,  a  river  of  Prussian  Saxony,  government  of 
Magdeburg,  tributary  to  the  Elbe. 

Ucker,  6ok'k§r,  a  river  of  Prussia,  in  Poraerania,  flows 
into  the  Little  Half  (see  Stettineu-Haff)  at  Uckermiinde. 

Uckermiinde,  Uk'k^r-miinM^h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Pomerania,  32  miles  N.W.  of  Stettin,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Ucker.     Pop.  4621. 

Ucles,  oo-klfis'  (anc.  Urcesa?),  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  32  miles  W.  of  Cuenca,  at  the  foot  of  a  height 
crowned  by  a  famous  monastery  founded  in  the  twelfth 
century  on  the  site  of  a  Moorish  castle.     Pop,  1053. 

Udai,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Oodai. 

Udaipiir,  a  state  of  India.    See  Oodeypoor. 

U^dall',  a  post-office  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas. 

Udayaghiri,  the  ancient  name  of  Oudghir. 

Uddevalla,  ood'd§h-vilM3.,  a  town  of  South  Sweden, 
Isen  and  45  miles  N.  of  Gothenburg,  on  a  deep  inlet  of  the 
Cattegat.  Pop.  6315.  It  has  manufactures  of  cotton  and 
linen  fabrics,  snuff,  sugar,  and  leather. 

Ud'dingston,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Lajiark,  on 
the  Clyde,  and  on  the  Caledonian  Railway,  7  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Glasgow.     It  has  manufactures  of  farm-tools.     P.  1310. 

U^dell',  a  township  of  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa.     P.  914. 

Udem,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia.    See  Uedem. 

Uden,  U'd^n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  North  Bra- 
bant, 14  miles  S.E.  of  Bois-le-Duc.    Pop.  of  commune,  6338. 

Udenhout,  u'd§n-h6wt\  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
North  Brabant,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Bois-le-Duc.     Pop.  2016. 

Udepoor,  a  town  of  India.    See  Oodeepoor. 

Udhanala,  a  town  of  India.    See  Oitdanulla. 

Udiamperur,  India.    See  Diamper. 

Udina,  yoo-di'na,  a  post-hamlet  in  Elgin  township, 
Kane  eo.,  III.,  4  or  5  miles  W.  of  Elgin.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  cheese-factory. 

Udine,  oo'de-ni,  or  Udige  (anc.  Vedi'num;  L.  Vti'- 
num),  a  town  of  Italy,  capital  of  a  province,  and  formerly 
capital  of  Friuli,  60  miles  N.E.  of  Venice,  in  an  extensive 
plain  on  the  Canal  of  La  Roja,  near  the  Torre  River.  It 
forms  a  kind  of  double  town, — an  outer,  surrounded  by 
walls,  and  an  inner,  also  surrounded  by  walls  and  ditches. 
It  is  entered  by  6  gates,  and  consists  for  the  most  part 
of  narrow  and  crooked  streets  lined  with  arcades.  Its 
p^ncipal  square  is  spacious,  and  adorned  with  a  fine 
pillar  intended  to  commemorate  the  peace  of  Campo-For- 


mio,  a  village  in  the  neighborhood.  Immediately  \\ 
the  castle  is  a  fine  promenade  liiid  out  in  pluntod  allK 
and  in  the  vicinity,  approached  by  iin  avenue  of  y\ 
trees,  is  the  Campo  Santo,  which  ranks  ns  one  of  the  tili 
cemeteries  in  Europe.  The  ecclesiastical  edifices  inc. 
twelve  parish  churches  and  numerous  chiipels,  buttho 
one  particularly  deserving  of  notice  is  the  cathedral,  i. 
tinguished  by  its  marble  pillars,  carvings,  and  pict'ir 
The  other  public  buildings  and  cstablishmcnti  are  ii 
episcopal  palace,  theatre,  court-house,  guard-houM  gl. 
nasium,  lyceum,  and  several  elementary  schoolj.'  1, 
manufactures  consist  of  linen,  silk,  and  woollen  gondB  il. 
per-  and  earthen- wares,  hats,  paper,  liqueurs,  and  flil 
Udine  is  the  see  of  an  archbishop,  and  tlie  seat  of  a  a\ 
of  justice  and  several  importiint  public  ofBces.    P.  22  ( 

Udine,  a  province  of  the  N.E.  of  Italy,  in  Venetia,' 
in  the  district  called  Friuli,  bordering  on  Austria  anil  | 
the  sea.     Area,  2483  square  miles.     It  is  in  part  mo  I 
tainous  and  in  part  marshy,  but  is  elsewhere  level  i| 
productive.     Capital,  Udine.     Pop.  481,586.  J 

Udinsk,  a  town  of  Siberia.    See  Oodissk. 

Udol'pho,  a  post-office  in  Udolpho  township,  Mo\ 
CO.,  Minn.,  which  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Mjlwaul 
&  St.  Paul  Railroad,  about  8  miles  N.  of  Austin.    P.  6i 

Udo'ra,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co..  Miss. 

Udo'ra,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  on  Blr 
River,  14i  miles  N.  of  Uxbridge.  It  contains  a  saw-m 
a  grist-mill,  and  a  store.     Pop.  250. 

Udskoi,  a  village  of  Siberia.    See  Oodskoi.  I 

Udvarhely,  ood'vilR'hfiP,  or  Szekely,  si'kil'  (Gj 
Oberhelli/en,  o'b§r-h5l'y?n),  a  town  of  Transylvania,  Szcl 
lorland,  capital  of  a  county,  on  the  Great  Kokcl,  90  mi  j 
E.S.E.  of  Klausenburg.  Pop.  4376.  It  has  Reformed  a 
Roman  Catholic  churches  and  colleges,  and  a  monastei 
The  CO.  of  Udvarhely  has  an  area  of  1314  square  mili 
and  a  population  of  105,349. 

Uea,  the  native  name  of  Wallis  Island. 

Ueberlingcn,  or  Uberlingen,  U'b^r-ling-^n,  n  tov' 
of  Baden,  on  an  arm  of  the  Lake  of  Constance,  called  I ' 
Ueberlingen-See,  8  miles  N.  of  Constiince.  Pop.  3864.  j 
has  manufactures  of  linen,  hosiery,  and  tobacco. 

Uebersdorf,  ii'b^rs-donr,  or  Ucberstorff,  U'b?r 
toRr,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  8  miles  N.E.  ( 
Freyburg.     Pop.  1244. 

Ueckermunde,  a  town  of  Prussia.   See  UcKERnL'Kn 

Ucdem,  or  Udem,  il'ddm,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Pruesi 
39  miles  N.W.  of  Dusseldorf.     Pop.  1730. 

UeJzen,  or  Ulzcn,  Ult's^n,  a  town  of  Prnssla,  i 
Hanover,  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  LUncburg,  on  the  railway  I 
Celle.     Pop.  6366. 

Uerdingen,  UR'ding-?n,  or  Oerdingen,  oR'ding-91 
a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  11  miles  N.AV.  of  Dusseldor 
on  the  left  bank  of  the  Rhine.  Pop.  3216.  It  bus  manu 
factures  of  silks  and  cottons. 

Uetersen,  or  Utersen,  U't?r-6§n,  a  town  of  Prussia 
in  Holstein,  on  the  Pinnau,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Hamburg 
Pop.  4358.  It  has  an  asylum  for  noble  ladies,  «ugar-ro 
fineries,  starch-factories,  and  potteries. 

Uetikon,  U'te-kon,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  im 
10  miles  S.E.  of  Zurich.     Pop.  1153. 

Uetliberg,  iit'le-bSRC*,  a  summit  of  Mount  Albis,  ii 
Switzerland,  W.  of  the  Lake  of  Zurich,  2864  feet  in  height 

Ufa,  European  Russia.'    See  Oofa. 

Uffenheim,  o5f'f§n-hime\  a  walled  town  of  Bavari 
circle  of  Middle  Franconia,  on  the  Gollach,  23  miles  N.^V 
ofAnspach.    Pop.  1981.    It  has  a  castle,  and  manufacturci, 
of  woollen  cloth  and  leather.  ! 

Uffhoven,  o6f-ho'v§n,  a  village  of  Prussian  Saxony,  I 
mile  W.  of  Langensalza.     Pop.  1119. 

Uf'fington,  a  village  of  England,  eo.  of  Berks,  6  miles 
W.N.AV.  of  Wantage.  Pop.  of  parish,  1089.  Here  is  the 
Vale  of  the  White  Horse,  so  called  from  a  figure  cut  on  the 
face  of  the  chalk  down. 

Uf'fington,  a  post-office  of  Monongalia  co.,  W.  Ya.,  3i 
miles  S.W.  of  Morgantown. 

Ufoi'kee,  a  creek  of  Alabama,  flows  through  Macon 
CO.  into  Tallapoosa  River,  about  10  miles  W.  by  K.  of 
Tuskeegee. 

Ufzulgurh,  a  town  of  India.    See  AFzcL-Gi;nH. 

Uganda,  yu-g4n'da,  a  country  of  Africa,  N.  and  ^^ 
of  Lake  Victoria  Nyanza.     It   is  rich  in  metals,  ^^'^^^^ 
and  picturesque,  but  sickly  for  Europeans.     It  is  govcrneon 
by  an   absolute   sovereign.      Capital,    Ulagaila.    Pop.  of  i^ 
Uganda  proper,  about  500,000,  or,  with  subject  and  tribu- 
tary states,  2,000,000. 

Ugein,  a  city  of  Central  India.    See  Oojeis. 

Ugie,  oo'ghee,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Aberdeen,  nsei 


UGI 


867f 


ULC 


at|e  village  of  Aberdour,  2j  miles  from  the  N.  coast,  flows 
8.,  and  enters  the  North  Sea  2  miles  N.W.  of  Peterhead. 
Ltbth,  21  miles. 

guar,  Uxixar,  or  Uj^jar,  oo-ne-Han',  a  town  of 
Spn,  province  and  50  miles  S.E.  of  Granada,  on  the  Ugi- 
ja  It  has  a  town  house,  a  prison,  a  college,  a  school,  an 
ac  emy,  and  a  hospital.     Pop.  2513. 

gine^  U^zheen'  (Ital.  Uyiiie,  oo'je-n4),  a  town  of 
Fnce,  in  Upper  Savoy,  on  the  Arly,  18  miles  S.E.  of  An- 
ne .  It  has  several  interesting  antiquities,  and  the  remains 
of  a  ancient  castle.     Pop.  of  commune,  2690. 

glianO)  ool-yi'no,  or  Uglian,  ool-yin',  an  island  of 
DiQatia,  in  the  Adriatic,  opposite  the  city  of  Zara,  from 
wl:b  it  is  separated  by  a  channel  3  miles  across.  Length, 
14^iles ;  breadth,  2  miles. 

iglitch,  a  town  of  llussia.    See  Ooglitch. 

!gocs,  oo'gotch',  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Hungary, 
boWed  N.  and  N.W.  by  the  co.  of  Beregh,  S.W.  and  S. 
byszathmar,  and  E.  and  N.E.  by  Marmaros.  Area,  460 
sq  10  miles.     Pop.  67,498.     Nagy-Szijlos  is  the  capital. 

jjra,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Oogra. 

Iiaree,  Uharie  (yu-hdr'ree),  or  Uwharie  River, 
Niih  Carolina,  runs  southward  through  Randolph  co., 
nnieiiters  the  Yadkin  River  in  Montgomery  co.,  about  10 
m  s  W.  of  Troy. 

Iinrrie,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.C.     P.  480. 

hierstown,  yu'l§rz-town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bucks 
CO  Pa.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  opposite  Frenchtown, 
N.,  about  19  miles  I.-silow  Easton.  It  has  a  Jime-kiln 
OEJa  boat-yard. 

|hlersville,  yu'l^.wll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northamp- 
to;co..  Pa.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  about  6  miles  below 
Ei^on.     It  has  a  church  and  a  paper-mill. 

Ilirichsville,  yu'riks-vil,  a  post-village  in  Mill  town- 
sh!,  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.,  on  Stillwater  Creek,  at  the  S.  ter- 
miis  of  the  Cleveland,  Tuscarawas  Valley  <fc  Wheeling 
Riroad,  and  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Columbus 
wi;  Pittsburg,  50  miles  W.  of  Steubenville,  9  miles  S.E. 
of'ew  Philadelphia,  and  about  32  miles  S.  of  Canton.  It 
coiiiins  2  banks,  a  newspaner  office,  and  3  churches.  Coal 
is  lined  near  this  place.  P.  in  1870,  1541;  in  1880,  2790. 
(i,  a  river  of  West  Siberia.  See  Ooi. 
,'intah,  yu-in'tah,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Wyo- 
mj;,  borders  on  Idaho  and  Montana.  It  is  drained  by 
Gjkn,  Yellowstone,  and  Wind  Rivers,  which  rise  in  it,  and 
bj|lie  head-streams  of  the  Snake  River  or  Lewis  Fork  of 
thColumbia.  The  AVind  River  Range  extends  across  this 
co^ty,  the  surface  of  which  is  diversified  by  grand  mountain- 
sc'ery.  The  highest  point  in  it  is  Fremont  Peak,  which 
riiji  13,576  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  The  southern 
pal  of  the  county  is  occupied  by  the  Uintah  Mountains. 
Tlli  county  comprises  the  greater  part  of  the  Yellowstone 
NJlonal  Park.  The  mountains  are  covered  with  forests 
oflir  and  pine,  which  supply  good  timber.  Among  its 
mierals  are  granite,  basalt,  and  coal  or  lignite.  It  is  in- 
tetected  by  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  Capital,  Evanston. 
Pciin  1870,  856;  in  1880,  2879. 

jiiitah,  a  post-village  of  Weber  cp.,  Utah,  on  or  near 
thWeber  River,  and  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  8  miles 
S.|  of  Ogden. 

jintali  (or  Uinta)  Mountains,  a  lofty  range  which 
ocjpies  the  N.  part  of  Wasatch  co.,  Utah,  and  extends 
inj  Wyoming,  apparently  joining  the  Wahsatch  range. 
Tli  direction  of  the  range  is  nearly  E.  and  W.  "  In  an 
ar«tio  sense,"  says  Ilayden,  "  no  range  that  I  have  ever 
8e|  on  this  continent  can  compare  with  it  in  beauty.  .  .  . 
C(|3S,  pyramids,  domes,  and  cathedrals,  sometimes  as 
sh>ply  cut  as  if  they  had  been  wrought  by  art,  occur  at 
thisources  of  all  the  streams  that  rise  in  the  anticlinal  fis- 
Buj."  Among  the  highest  peaks  are  Dawes  Peak,  which 
riif  13,300  feet  above  tide-water.  Cox's  Peak,  and  Logan's 
Pi!k.  The  tops  of  these  are  covered  with  perpetual  snow, 
ai;  their  sides  with  forests  of  fir  and  pine.  The  rocks  that 
foi  this  range  are  quartzites,  sandstones,  carboniferous 
iisstones,  (fee. 

intah  River,  Utah,  rises  in  the  Uintah  Mountains, 
ii.he  northern  part  of  Wasatch  co.,  runs  nearly  southeast- 
w  il,  and  enters  Green  River  in  the  same  county. 

Ust  (wist  or  list),  Nouth,  an  island  of  the  Outer  Heb- 
riis,  Scotland,  co.  of  Inverness,  2J  miles  N.  of  the  island 
otiienbecula,  and  separated  on  the  N.E.  from  Harris  by 
tbSound  of  Harris,  8  miles  across.  Shape  very  irregular, 
Ljgth,  17  miles  ;  breadth,  from  3  to  12  miles.  Pop.  3222. 
IliE.  part  is  a  dreary,  marshy  moorland,  indented  by  the 
n'iflcations  of  Lochs  Maddy  and  Eport,  and  containing 
icsral  inland  lakes.  Its  W.  part  is  hilly  or  mountainous. 
Ilias  several  bold  headlands^  with  remarkable  caves. 


Uist,  South,  the  largest  island  of  the  Outer  Hebrides, 
Scotland,  co.  of  Inverness,  separated  from  Benbeeula  on 
the  N.  by  a  rocky  strait  1  mile  across.  Length,  22  miles ; 
greatest  breadth,  8  miles.  Area,  110  square  miles.  Pop, 
3669.  Like  North  Uist,  its  E.  coast  is  indented  by  lochs, 
and  it  contains  several  lakes;  a  band  of  fertile  country 
borders  its  W,  coast;  elsewhere  it  is  an  alluvial  plain  of 
peat,  interspersed  with  mountains,  among  which  Mount 
llecia  rises  to  2500  or  3000  feet  above  the  sea.  With  the 
islands  of  Benbeeula,  Eriskay,  and  Rona,  it  forms  a  parish, 
pop,  6749,  of  whom  about  five-sevenths  are  Roumn  Catho- 
lics. The  population  of  both  North  and  South  Uist  are  in 
general  poor,  and  chiefly  engaged  in  fishing  and  rural  labor, 

Uitenhage,oiH§n-hi'Gh?h,  a  division  of  Cape  Colony, 
South  Africa,  between  lat.  33°  and  34°  S.  and  Ion.  23°  30' 
and  26°  30'  E.,  having  S.  the  ocean.  Area,  8960  square 
miles.  Pop.  18,148,  It  is  watered  by  the  Camtoos  and 
Sunday  Rivers,  Coal,  iron,  argentiferous  lead,  and  cojipcr 
are  procurable,  and  near  the  coast  are  valuable  salt-pans. 
Capital,  Uitenhage, 

tjitenhage,  a  town  of  Cape  Colony,  the  capital  of  the 
above  district,  on  the  Zwartkops  River,  18  miles  by  rail 
N.W.  of  Port  Elizabeth,  with  which,  and  with  Graham's 
Town,  it  has  an  ac{.ive  trade.     Pop.  3693. 

Uitgeest,  oit-naist',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  North  Holland,  S.  of  Alkmaar.     Pop.  1843, 

Uithuizen,  oit-hoi'z§n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
province  and  14  miles  N,E,  of  Groningen,     Pop.  3110. 

Uj,  oo'e,  a  Hungarian  word  signifying  "new,"  prefixed 
to  many  places  in  Hungary,  as  Uj  Vau  (i.e.,  "  new  fort"), 
(fee.     For  those  not  undermentioned,  see  additional  name. 

Uj,  a  river  of  Russia.     Sec  Oozh, 

Uj-Banya,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Ko.viGSDEna. 

Uje  Mabani,  Hungary,    See  Mabani. 

Uj-Futtak,  Hungary.     SeeFuTTAK. 

Ujhely-Satoraija,  oo'e-h5r-sa,HoVoryoh\  a  town  of 
Hungary,  co.  and  9  miles  W.S.W,  of  Zemplin,  on  th« 
Rougyva,     Pop.  6811. 

Ujijar,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Ugijar. 

Ujyi,  oo-jee'jee,  a  town  of  Africa,  capital  of  a  small 
country  of  the  same  name,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Lake  Tan- 
ganyika, about  lat.  4°  54'  3"  S.,  Ion.  30°  4'  30"  E.  The 
town  is  divided  into  two  parts,  called  Ugoy  and  KaweI6, 
occupied  respectively  by  Arabs  and  natives.  Estimated 
pop.  of  the  town,  3000 ;  of  the  country,  36,000. 

Uj  KarloAvitz,  Hungary.    See  Caulowitz. 

Ujlak,  a  town  of  Slavonia.     See  Illok. 

Uj-IiUblo,  the  Hungarian  name  of  Lublo, 

Ujvidek,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Neusatz, 

Ukara,  oo-ki-ri',  an  island  of  Africa,  in  Lake  Victoria 
Nyanza,  N,  of  Ukerewe,     It  is  18  miles  long, 

Ukerewe,  oo-ke-rcw',  an  island  in  the  S.  part  of  Lake 
Victoria  Nyanza,  Central  Africa,  It  is  40  miles  long,  with 
high  shores. 

Ukesinia,  an  island  of  Anam.     See  Ookesima, 

Ukiah,  yu-ki'ah,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Mendocino 
CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  Russian  River,  30  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Clover- 
dale,  and  about  110  miles  N.N.W,  of  San  Francisco,  It 
contains  a  brick  court-house,  4  churches,  2  newspaper  offices, 
and  a  bank.     Pop.  in  1880,  933;  of  the  township,  2076, 

Ukraine,  European  Russia,    See  Kharkov, 

Ukraine,  u'krane  or  oo-krane'  (Polish,  Ukraina,  po- 
kr3.-ee'n&,  "  a  frontier"),  an  old  subdivision  of  Russia  and 
S.E.  Poland,  now  subdivided  among  the  governments  of 
Kiev,  Poltava,  and  Kharkov,  and  traversed  by  the  rivera 
Dnieper  and  Donets,  with  their  afiiuents.  Its  capital  city 
was  Kiev. 

Ula,  yu-Ia,  a  post-village  of  Custer  co,,  Col.,  32  miles 
S.S.W,  of  Canon  City,  and  10  miles  N,  of  Rosita.  Its  alti- 
tude is  7750  feet.  It  has  a  hotel  and  2  stores.  Gold,  silver, 
copper,  and  zinc  are  found  near  it, 

Ulagalla,  ooMd-gal'la,  a  town  of  Africa,  capital  of 
Uganda,  on  Murchison  Gulf,  an  inlet  of  Lake  Victoria  Ny- 
anza. It  has  a  fortified  palace,  and  its  houses  are  sur- 
rounded by  gardens  and  disposed  in  fine  radiating  avenues, 

Ulah,  yu'lah,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co..  III.,  on  the 
Peoria  &  Rock  Island  Railroad,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Cambridge, 
It  hag  a  church  and  2  warehouses.     Grain  is  shipped  here. 

Ulai,  a  river  of  Persia.     See  Kauoox, 

Ul'am's  Mill,  a  hamlet  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.,  in  Mid- 
dleton  township.     It  has  a  flouring-mill. 

Ulan-Khoton,  Mongolia.     See  Oolax-Khoton. 

Ulash,  a  village  of  Asia  Minor.     See  Oolash. 

Ulbo,  ool'bo,  asmall  island  of  D.almatia,  in  the  Adriatic 
Sea.     Lat.  44°  22'  64"  N.     It  has  a  harbor. 

UPcofauhatch'ee,  or  APcofauhatch'ee,  a  small 
river  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Georgia,  rises  in  Gwinnett 


ULB 


2674 


ULY 


00.,  flows  southward,  nnd  enters  tho  Ooinulgeo  Rlvor  on  the 
boundary  between  liutts  and  Jasper  cos.  It  is  sometimes 
oullc<i  the  Alcovy. 

illcHt  oo-lA'&,  a  town  of  Spain,  provinoo  nnd  15  miles 
N.W.  of  Mureia,  near  the  Segura.     Pop.  1181. 

VleA,  oo'le-S,  or  Ulco,  a  river  of  Uussia,  in  Finland, 
issues  from  the  N.W.  extremity  of  Lake  Ulei-Trask,  flows 
N.W.,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  30  miles,  falls  into  the 
Oulf  of  Bothnia  near  Uleilborg.  Near  its  mouth  it  divides 
into  four  branches  and  forms  several  cataracts. 

Ule&borgt  oo'le-5-bong*,  a  seaport  town  of  Finland, 
capital  of  a  government,  at  the  mouth  of  the  UloA  lliver 
in  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia,  72  miles  S.S.G.  of  TorneA.  Pop. 
8679.  Mean  temperature  of  year,  31.8°;  winter,  8.4°; 
summer,  55.4°  Fanr.  It  is,  after  Abo,  tho  principal  com- 
mercial town  of  Finland.  Chief  exports,  pitch,  tar,  fish, 
and  salted  provisions.  It  was  founded  in  1610,  and  be- 
longed to  Sweden  till  1809.  On  an  adjacent  island  is  the 
castle  of  UlcAborg,  built  in  1590. 

UieAborg,  the  northernmost  government  of  Finland, 
bordering  on  Norway,  Sweden,  and  Russia  proper,  and 
including  a  large  part  of  Lapland.  Area,  63,954  square 
miles.     Ciipital,  UleAborg.     Pop.  189,044. 

Uled-Trask,  oo'le-O-trdsk,  a  lake  of  Finland,  govern- 
ment and  60  miles  S.E.  of  UleAborg,  of  very  irregular 
shape,  .S5  miles  in  length  by  10  miles  in  average  breadth. 
It  receives  several  rivers  from  the  E.,  and  discharges  its 
surplus  waters  into  tho  Gulf  of  Bothnia  by  the  river  UleA. 

IJleo,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  UlkA. 

IJIiarnS)  an  ancient  name  of  Olkro^. 

Uliassutai,  a  town  of  Mongolia.    See  Ooliassootai. 

Ulie  (oo'leo)  Islands,  a  group  of  13  islands  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  forming  a  portion  of  the  Carolines. 

Ulitea,  or  Ulieta,  Society  Islands.    See  Raiatea. 

TJlla,  ool'yl,  a  river  of  Spain,  in  Galicia,  enters  the  Bay 
of  Arosa,  after  a  S.W.  course  of  80  miles. 

Ul'lao,  or  Vl'ao,  a  station  of  tho  Milwaukee,  Lake 
Shore  <t  Western  Railroad,  20  miles  N.  of  Milwaukee,  AVis. 

UlMapool',  a  village  of  Scotland,  cos.  of  Cromarty 
and  Ross,  on  the  W.  coast,  N.  of  Loch  Broom,  35  miles 
N.W.  of  Dingwall.     Pop.  752,  mostly  employed  in  fishing. 

Ulldecona,  o'ol-dA-ko'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
of  Tarragona,  15  ntiles  S.S.W.  of  Tortosa.     Pop.  5864. 

Ullersdorf,  Gnoss,  groce  Sol'l^rs-doRf,  a  village  of 
Austria,  Moravia,  circle  of  Olmutz,  with  a  castle,  paper- 
mills,  and  mineral  springs.     Pop.  2200. 

Ullersdorf,  Neu  (noi),  or  Losina-Nowa,  lo-zee'- 
n3.-no'\vi,  a  village  of  Austria,  Moravia,  near  Goldenstein. 

IJIIcrsdorf,  Nieder.    See  Niedeu  Uli-ersdorf. 

UI'lin,  a  post-village  of  Pulaski  co..  III.,  on  the  Cache 
River,  and  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  21  miles  N.  of 
Cairo.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  lime  and 
lumber. 

Ulloa,  ool-yo'l,  orlJIua,  oo-loo'i,  a  river  of  Honduras, 
flows  first  N.W.,  then  N.,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  160 
miles,  falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Honduras. 

Ullswater,  or  Ulleswater,  filz'w&-t?r,  the  largest 
of  the  English  lakes,  next  to  Windermere,  from  which  it  is 
8  miles  N.,  between  the  cos.  of  Cumberland  and  Westmore- 
land, 5  miles  S.W.  of  Penrith.     Length,  9  miles. 

Ulls'water,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  oo.,  Ontario,  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Bracebridge.     Pop.  100. 

Ulm,  iilm  (Ger.  pron.  6olm),  a  town  of  Wiirtembcrg,  46 
miles  S.E.  of  Stuttgart,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Danube, 
where  it  begins  to  be  navigable,  and  on  the  Augsburg  <fc 
Ulm  Railway,  56i  miles  from  Augsburg.  It  is  antiquated 
and  dull,  but  has  a  fine  Gothic  cathedral,  a  town  hall,  gov- 
ernment and  custom  house,  corn-hall,  arsenal,  gymnasium, 
hospitals,  theatre,  manufactures  of  tobacco,  pipe-bowls, 
playing-cards,  leather,  vinegar,  and  linen  fabrics,  building- 
docks,  and  an  active  transit  trade.  Ulm  was  long  an  im- 
perial free  town,  strongly  fortified,  and  a  military  post  of 
much  importance  in  the  German  wars.  Here,  on  October 
17, 1805,  General  Mack,  with  nearly  30,000  Austrian  troops, 
capitulated  to  Napoleon.     Pop.  30,222.     See  Neu-Ulm. 

Ulm,  ulm,  a  station  in  Polk  co.,  Iowa,  on  tho  Des 
Moines  ifc  Minneapolis  Railroad,  21  miles  N.  of  Des  Moines. 

Ui'man's  Kidge,  a  post-ofiice  of  Miller  co..  Mo. 

Uliia,  San  Juan  de.    Sec  Sak  Juam  de  Ulua. 

Vlu-Irghiz,  Toorkistan.     See  Irghbkz. 

Ulricehamn,  ool-roe'sA-hlm  (formerly  Begesnnd, 
bi'ghSh-soond'),  a  town  of  South  Sweden,  lien  of  Elfsborg, 
64  miles  S.E.  of  Wenersborg,  on  Lake  Asunda.     Pop.  1126. 

Ul'ster,  the  most  N.  province  of  Ireland,  between  lat. 
53°  46'  and  55°  26'  N.  and  Ion.  5°  24'  and  8°  45'  W., 
having  S.  Leinster,  S.AV.  Connaught,  W.  and  N.  the  At- 
lantic Ocean,  £.  the  Irish  Sea  and  the  North  Channel,  in 


one  part  separated  only  by  13  miles  from  the  Mull  of  K 
tyre,  Sootland,  Area,  8528  square  miles.  Pop.  1,S3S  '> 
tho  majority  being  Protestants.  Shores  mostly  bold  "» 
rocky,  and  on  the  N.  an<l  E.  are  remarkable  ba»altic  cli 
including  tho  Giant's  Causeway.  Principal  hcnJhin 
Malin,  'leelin,  and  Fair  Heads,  respectivuly  the  N.W.  ii 
N.E.  extremities  ;  and  iiere  are  tho  large  inlets  of  Donei 
Bay  on  the  W.,  Loughs  Swilly  and  Foylo  on  the  N.  n 
Belfast  Lough  and  Dundrum  Bdy  in  the  li.  Surf;i(,'., 
much  diversified;  mountainous  in  the  W.,  wliert'  -,  . 
summits  rise  to  upwards  of  2000  I'ect;  tho  proviiK'c  |.  i,,, 
free  from  bogs  and  plains  than  the  other  j)art!j  of  lri'l;ii 
It  contains  the  largo  lakes  called  Loughs  Noagli,  Strai)"!!, 
and  Erne.  Principal  rivers,  the  Bann,  Foyle,  Krnc  a 
some  tributaries  of  the  Shannon.  This  province  ia  i 
head-quarters  of  the  Irish  lincn-manufacturc,  and  of  oti 
branches  of  manufacturing  indu.stry,  which  have  iK 
chief  seat  at  Belfast.  It  is  divideil  into  the  counties 
Donegal,  Londonderry,  Antrim,  Down,  Armagh,  Monngli. 
Cavan,  Fermanagh,  and  Tyrone. 

Ulster,  ool'st^r,  a  river  of  Germany,  rises  in  the  Kl; 
Mountains,  Bavaria,  flows  N.  for  30  miles  past  Thann,  n 
joins  the  Worra  10  miles  AV.  of  Sal/.ungen.  It  partly  f.ji 
the  frontier  between  Saxe-AVeimar  and  Ilcsse-Nassiiu. 

Ulster,  iH'st^r,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  New  Vut 
has  an  area  of  about  1150  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  i 
the  E.  by  the  Hudson  River,  is  intersected  by  the  AVallk 
and  Rondout  Rivers,  and  is  also  drained  by  tho  Ncvcriii 
and  Shawangunk  Rivers  and  Esopus  Creek.  The  surface' 
hilly  and  ])artly  mountainous,  and  is  c.vtcnsivcly  cover 
with  forests  of  the  oak,  hickory,  chef tnut,  elm,  pine,  tugs 
maple,  Ac.  The  southern  part  of- it  is  occupied  by  V 
Shawangunk  Mountains,  and  the  N.AV.  part  by  tho  Cal 
kill  Mountains.  Among  its  remarkable  features  ii  Lak 
Mohonk,  a  summer  resort.  The  soil  is  i)artly  fertile,  ei^pM 
ally  in  the  valleys.  Butter,  hay,  oats,  Indian  corn,  poti 
toes,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  Devonian  taD> 
stone  and  shale  crop  out  in  this  county,  which  htu  al 
extensive  quarries  of  water-limestone.  The  cement  obtaini 
from  these  quarries  is  of  superior  quality,  and  is  exporti 
to  distant  parts  of  the  Union.  Tho  value  of  the  cemei 
exported  in  1870  was  $1,637,561.  This  county  ia  intei 
sected  by  the  Delaware  &  Hudson  Canal,  the  Ulster  i,  Deb 
ware  Railroad,  and  a  branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad.  Cap 
tal,  Kingston.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estat 
$45,536,460,     Pop.  in  1870,  84,075;  in  1880,  85,838. 

Ulster,  a  hamlet  in  Ulster  township,  Floyd  co.,  low; 
about  10  miles  AV.  of  Charles  City.     Pop.  of  township,  72 

Ulster,  a  post-village  in  Ulster  township,  Bradford  co 
Pa.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Pcnnsylvani 
&  New  York  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  by  AV.  of  Towandn,  an 
28  miles  S.S.E.  of  Elmira,  N.Y.  It  has  2  churches, 
steam  saw-mill,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  117' 

Ulster,  New.    See  New  Zeala.nd. 

Ulster  Park  (formerly  Amesville),  a  post-hamU 
of  Ulster  CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Esopus  township,  5  miles  S.  of  Boi 
dout.     It  has  a  church. 

Ul'sterville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  aboc 
20  miles  AV.N.AV.  of  Newburg.  It  is  2  miles  from  Beiii 
nctt's  Corners. 

Ultima  Thule,  ul'te-ma  thni,  a  post-ofiice  of  Serie 
CO.,  Ark.,  about  90  miles  AV.  by  S.  of  Arkadelphia. 

tlltratrajectum,  an  ancient  name  of  Utrecht, 

Ulua,  a  river  of  Central  America.     See  Ulloa. 

Uiubad,  oo-l99-bild',  a  village  of  Asia  Minor,  near  th 
AV.  end  of  Lake  Aboolonia,  32  miles  AV.  of  Bru8a,with.j 
large  ruined  Byzantine  fortress. 

UI'va,  an  island  of  the  Inner  Hebrides,  Scotland,  eol 
of  Argyle,  AV.  of  Mull,   and  E.  of  Gometra.    Length, 
miles;  breadth,  2  miles. 

UI'verstone,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and  16  milei 
N.AV.  of  Lancaster,  on  the  N.AV.  side  of  Morecambe  Bayj 
Pop.  7607.  It  has  various  churches,  chapels,  school!' 
libraries,  assembly-rooms,  theatre,  and  savings-bank,  aw 
6  perpetual  curacies.  A  canal  Ii  miles  in  length  connect! 
the  town  with  Morecambe  Bay.  It  has  iron-mines,  ancj 
manufactures  of  coarse  cottons  and  linens,  rope,  hati,  aw 
woollen  yarn,  with  some  ship-building,  and  a  coasting-tradij 
in  iron  ore,  pig-  and  bar-iron,  limestone,  slates,  and  wrB-l 

Ul'verton,  a  post-village  in  Drummond  co.,  Quebec,!) 
miles  N.N.AV.  of  Melbourne.  It  contains  a  woollen-factory 
3  saw-mills  and  grist-mills,  and  4  stores.     Pop.  200. 

Ulysses,  yu-lis's6z,  post-office,  Mitchell  co.,  Kansaf. 

Ulysses,  a  post-village  of  Butler  co..  Neb.,  on  tb< 
North  Fork  of  the  Big  Blue  River,  14  miles  N.  by  AV.  of 
Seward,  and  about  40  miles  AV.N.AV.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  . 
churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  graded  school.    P.  (1880)305. 


VL\ 


2675 


UXD 


hysscs,  a  township  of  Tompkins  oo.,  N.Y.     P.  3271. 

Iilysses,  a  post-township  of  Potter  co.,  Pn.,  about  35 
EiLs  N.E.  of  Emporium.  It  contains  the  viHage  of  Lewis- 
vie.     Pop.  789.    The  Ulysses  po.*t-offico  is  at  Lewisville. 

flzcUf  a  town  of  Hanover.     See  Uelzb.v. 

iniaii,  a  town  of  Ilusj^ia.  See  Ooman. 
inarpoor,  Bengal.  See  Oomarpoor. 
niatilla,  yu-ma-til'lah,  a  northeastern  county  of 
Ugon,  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Columbia  River, 
afdrained  by  the  Umatilla  lliver.  The  surface  is  diver- 
gild  by  the  long  range  of  the  Blue  Mountains,  which  pro- 
dip  extensive  forests  of  fir  and  pine.  The  soil  is  partly 
folle.  Wool,  butter,  wheat,  hay,  lumber,  and  cattle  are 
ttfstaplo  products.  Gold  is  said  to  be  found  in  this 
cctity,  which  has  abundance  of  granite.  Capital,  Pendle- 
toj  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  .'61,668,507. 
l"!.  in  1870,  2916;  in  1875,  4426;  in  1880,  9607. 

|matilla,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  Fla.,  on  Uma- 
ti»  Lake,  and  on  the  Lake  George  <fc  Lake  Eustis  Bail- 
rcjl,  about  25  miles  N.W.  of  Enterprise. 

jfinatilla,  a  post-village  of  Umatilla  co.,  Oregon,  on 
tlj Columbia  Kiver,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Umatilla  River, 
11  miles  above  The  Dalles.  It  has  2  hotels  and  a  flour- 
inlraill.     Much  wool  is  shipped  here  in  steamboats. 

Imatilla  River,  Oregon,  rises  in  the  Blue  Moun- 
tnjs,  runs  westward  or  northwestward  in  Umatilla  co., 
aij  enters  the  Columbia  River  at  Umatilla,  on  the  bound- 
aij  between  Oregon  and  Washington.  It  is  nearly  150 
1U3S  long. 

m'bagog  Lake  is  partly  in  Coos  co.,  N.II.,  from 
w  jh  it  e.\tcnds  into  Oxford  co.,  Me.  It  is  about  12  miles 
lo;,  and  varies  in  width  from  1  mile  to  4  miles.  Its  outlet 
(abort  creek)  unites  with  the  Margallaway  River  to  form 
th  Androscoggin  lliver. 

^mbai'lah,  a  walled  town  of  India,  and  an  important 
etion  of  British  troops,  capital  of  a  district  and  division, 
li  miles  by  rail  N.N.W.  of  Delhi,  on  the  route  to  Lahore. 
P.  in  1881,  67,463. 

inballah,  a  district  in  the  E.  of  the  Punjab,  India, 
b(aded  N.E.  by  the  Himalayas,  N.W.  by  the  Sutlej,  and 
S. .  by  the  Jumna.  Area,  2628  square  miles.  Capital, 
U3allah.  Pop.  1,035,488.  With  the  districts  of  Loo- 
diiah  and  Simla,  it  forms  the  Umballah  division,  which 
hi  an  area  of  4014  square  miles,  and  a  pop.  of  1,652,728. 
nibieta,  a  town  of  Tyrol.  See  Imst. 
mbre,  or  Umbreh,  oom'brA.  or  oom'br^h,  a  river  of 
A  ca,  an  affluent  of  the  Congo. 

!inbrete,  oom-br4'tA,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
prince  and  9  miles  S.W.  of  Seville.  Here  is  a  beautiful 
pi.ce  of  the  Archbishop  of  Seville.    Pop.  1769. 

in'bria  (Fr.  Ombrie,  ON»^bree'),  a  compartimento  of 
tl  kingdom  of  Italy,  embracing  the  single  province  of 
P  Dgia. 
'mbro,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Ombrone, 
ine&,  oo'me-o,  a  river  of  Sweden,  rises  on  the  E.  slope 
of  he  mountains  which  separate  Norway  from  Sweden,  in 
la  60°  N.,  flows  S.E.,  forming  several  lakes  by  its  expan- 
si ,  and  falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia  by  a  wide  em- 
b<  ihure  a  little  below  the  town  of  UmeA,  after  a  course  of 
a)  re  250  miles. 

mc4,  a  seaport  town  of  Sweden,  capital  of  the  laen  of 
\i  terbotten,  is  situated  near  the  mouth  of  the  Umei 
R  3r  in  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia,  95  miles  N.E.  of  Ilernosand. 
L  63°  49'  5"  N. ;  Ion.  20°  18'  E.     Pop.  2638. 

m^eerghur',  or  Ameerghur,  um'eor-gur',  a  town 
ol  ndia,  128  miles  S.E.  of  Joodpoor,  with  several  temples 
ai  a  manufactory  of  chintz.    Near  it  is  a  strong  fort. 
mmerapoora,  Burmah.    See  Amarapooha. 
mpqiia,  ump'kwaw,  a  station  of  the  Oregon  k  Cali- 
fo  ia  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Roseburg,  Oregon. 

mpqua  City,  a  village  of  Douglas  co.,  Oregon,  on 
tt  Pacific  Ocean,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Umpqua  River,  about 
7(ailes  W.S.W.  of  Eugene  City. 

mpqua  Ferry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Douglas  co.,  Oregon, 
01  be  Umpqua  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Calapooya,  12 
ffl!8  S.W.  of  Oakland,     It  has  a  store. 

mpqua  River,  Oregon,  is  formed  by  its  North  and 
Suh  Forks,  which  rise  in  the  Cascade  Range  and  unite 
al  jt  9  miles  N.W.  of  Roseburg.  It  runs  northwestward 
ii  fertile  valley,  and  enters  the  Pacific  Ocean  in  Douglas 
cc  about  22  miles  N.  of  Empire  City.  Vessels  drawing  16 
fe  of  water  can  enter  the  mouth  of  the  Umpqua,  and 
(Umers  ascend  it  to  Roseburg.  The  main  stream  and  its 
S'th  Fork  are  each  about  100  miles  long.  The  North 
k  runs  westward. 

Imreyllee,  India.    See  Amreeli. 
Jmritsir,  a  city  of  the  Punjab.    See  Auritbib. 


Umrohah,  a  town  of  India.    See  Amrooah. 
Umstadt,  SSm'stitt,  a  town   of   Hesse,  province  of 
Starkenburg,  in  the  Odenwald,  13  miles  E.  of  Darmstadt. 
Pop.  2792. 

Umzimkuln,  oom'zira-koo-loo',  Om^zimkolo',  or 
Umzimkulwaiia,oom'zim-kool-w2l'n&,  a  river  of  South- 
east Africa,  forming  the  S.AV.  frontier  of  Natal. 

Umzinyati,  um-zin-yi'tee,  or  BufTalo  River,  a 
river  of  Southeast  Africa,  in  the  colony  of  Natal,  rises  in 
the  Quathlamba  Mountains,  flows  E.S.E.,  and  joins  the 
Tugela  50  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Indian  Ocean. 

Una,  oo'n.\,  a  river  of  Brazil,  province  of  Sao  Paulo, 
flows  E.  for  60  miles,  and  falls  into  the  sea  by  a  large 
mouth  40  miles  N.  of  the  mouth  of  the  Ig«ape. 

Una,  a  river  of  Brazil,  forming  the  boundary  between 
the  provinces  of  Alngoas  and  Pornambuco,  enters  the  ocean 
about  60  miles  S.  of  Recife,  after  a  course  of  150  miles. 

Una,  a  river  of  Brazil,  province  of  Bahia,  flows  E., 
passing  the  town  of  Olivenza,  and  about  4  miles  below  falls 
into  the  ocean. 

Una,  a  small  river  of  Brazil,  province  of  Rio  do  Janeiro, 
falls  into  the  sea  N.  of  Cape  Frio. 

Unadilla,  yu-na-dil'lah,  or  Mi'lan,  a  post-village  in 
Unadilla  township,  Livingston  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Portage 
River,  about  32  miles  S.E.  of  Lansing,  and  24  miles  N.E. 
of  Jackson.  It  has  2  flour-mills,  a  bank,  and  3  churches. 
The  township  contains  6  churches.  Pop.  about  300;  of  the 
township,  1066.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Unadilla. 

Unadilla,  a  post-office  of  Chippewa  co.,  Minn, 

Unadilla,  a  post-village  of  Otoe  co..  Neb.,  on  the  Little 
Nemaha  River,  and  on  the  Nebraska  Railroad,  28  miles  AV. 
of  Nebraska  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  car- 
riage-shop. 

Unadilla,  a  post-village  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Una- 
dilla township,  on  the  Susquehanna  lliver  and  the  Albany 
&  Susquehanna  Railroad,  43  miles  E.N.E.  of  Binghamton, 
and  about  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Norwich.  It  contain  4  churches, 
the  Unadilla  Academy,  a  banking-house,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  cotton-factory,  a  paper-mill,  a  foundry,  and  a 
machine-shop.  Pop,  875  ;  of  the  township,  2547.  The 
township  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Unadilla  River, 
and  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Susquehanna. 

Unadilla  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Unadilla  township,  about  15  miles  S.E.  of  Norwich.  It 
has  a  church, 

Unadilla  Forks,  a  post-village  of  Otsego  6o.,  N.Y., 
in  Plainfield  township,  at  the  confluence  of  the  branches 
of  the  Unadilla  River,  and  on  the  Utica  division  of  the 
Delaware,  Lackawanna  <fe  Western  Railroad,  19  miles  S.  of 
Utica.    It  has  2  churches,  a  flouring-mill,  machine-shop,  <fcc. 

Unadilla  River,  New  York,  drains  part  of  Herkimer 
CO.,  runs  nearly  southward,  and  forms  the  boundary  be- 
tween Madison  and  Chenango  cos.  on  the  right  and  Otsego 
CO.  on  the  left.  It  enters  the  Susquehanna  River  about  4 
miles  E.  of  Bainbridge. 

U'naka,  a  post-village  of  Gree"ne  co.,  Tenn.,  12  miles  S. 
by  E.  of  Grceneville.  It  is  at  the  base  of  the  Unaka  Moun- 
tains.    It  has  a  church,  and  a  blast-furnace  for  pig-iron. 

Unaka  Mountains,  a  ridge  which  stands  between 
Cherokee  co.,  N.C.,  and  Monroe  co.,  Tenn.  It  appears  to 
be  a  continuation  of  the  Iron  or  Smoky  Mountains.  See 
Smokv  Mountains. 

Unalaschka,  Alaska.    See  Oonalaska. 

Unare,  oo-ni'r4,  a  river  of  Venezuela,  enters  the 
Caribbean  Sea  40  miles  W.  of  Barcelona,  after  a  N.  course 
of  120  miles.     Near  its  source  is  the  village  of  Unare. 

Un'casville,  a  post-village  in  Montville  township,  New 
London  co.,  Conn.,  on  the  Thames  River  and  the  New  London 
Northern  Railroad,  i  mile  from  Montville  Station,  and  6 
miles  N.  of  New  London.  It  baa  2  churches,  a  cotton-fac- 
tory which  produces  ticks,  cheviots,  Ac,  and  a  factory  in 
which  dyewoods  are  prepared. 

Uncle  (unk'§l)  Sam,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lake  co.,  Cal., 
about  25  miles  N.E.  of  Cloverdale,  and  50  miles  N.  of  Peta- 
luma.  It  is  near  a  mountain  of  its  own  name,  which  is 
on  the  W.  side  of  Clear  Lake.  Borax  and  quicksilver  are 
obtained  near  this  place.     Pop.  about  250, 

Uncompahgre,  un-k9m-pa'gre,  a  post-office  of  San 
Juan  CO.,  Col, 

Uncompahgre  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  in  lat. 
38°  4'  21"  N.,  Ion.  107°  27'  32"  AV.  It  has  an  altitude  of 
14,235  feet  above  the  sea-level.  It  is  of  volcanic  formation, 
and  is  a  peak  of  the  Sierra  San  Juan. 

Uncompahgre  River,  Colorado,  rises  in  the  San 
Juan  or  Uncompahgre  Mountains,  runs  in  a  N.N.W.  direc- 
tion, and  enters  the  Gunnison  River. 

Un'dercliffe,  a  maritime  tract  of  the  Isle  of  Wight, 


UND 


9676 


UNI 


•xtonding  along  its  S.  coast  from  Niton  5  inilos  onatward  to 
Bonohurch.  It  has  been  formed  by  a  land-slip  from  a  ran^e 
of  cbulk  oliffs  forming  an  abrupt  wall  from  VO  to  12U  foot 
in  hci;;ht. 

Un'durclilfe«  a  post-offioo  of  Pueblo  oo.,  Col. 
Uu'derhill^a  post-village  in  Underbill  township,  Chit- 
tenden 00.,  Vt.,  on  the  Burlington  it  Lamuillc  Railroad, 
about  10  mile*  E.  by  N.  of  Iturlington.  It  has  3  churches, 
an  acsulcmy  called  the  Belle  Institute,  and  a  checsc-fuc- 
tory.  The  E.  border  of  the  township  is  contiguous  to 
Mount  Mansllcid,  and  presents  admirable  scenery.  I'op. 
of  the  township,  1666. 

Uuderhill  Centre,  a  post-villnge  in  Underbill  town- 
ship, Chittenden  jco.,  Vt.,  about  18  miles  E.  of  Burlington, 
and  5  miles  S.W.  of  Mount  Mansfield.  It  has  2  churches, 
the  Green  Mountain  Academy,  and  wanufiuitures  of  car- 
riages and  butter-tubs. 

Uii^deruot%  or  Auderot,  Indian  Ocean,  the  largest 
of  the  L.\ccADivE  IsLA.Nus  (which  see). 

Undcrwaldeu,  Switzerland.    See  Unteuwaldbn. 
Un'derwood,  a  post-ot&ce  of  Scott  co.,  Ind. 
Underwood,  a  station  in  Hopkins  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Bliwibethtown  &  Paducah  Ilailroad,  3  miles  W.  of  Norton- 
ville  Junction. 

Underwood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  Bridgeton  <k  Port  Norris  Ilailroad,  16  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Bridgeton. 

Un'derwood,  a  post-village  in  Bruce  co.,  Ontario,  13 
miles  W.  of  Paisley.     Pop.  100. 

Undine,  iin'deen\  or  Salmon  River,  a  post-settle- 
ment in  Victoria  co..  New  Brunswick,  on  a  tributary  of  the 
St.  John,  9  miles  from  Grand  Falls.     Pop.  150. 
Uneiti,  a  district  of  France.    See  Cotentis. 
Ungarn,  Ungheria,  or  Uugria.    See  HoNaARY. 
Ungava,  ung-gah'va  (or  South)  Bay,  a  bay  in  the 
N.  part  of  Labrador,  extending  southward  from  Hudson's 
Strait.     It  receives  the  Caniapuscaw  Kiver. 

Uuger's  (iing'gh^rz)  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan 
CO.,  W.  Va.,  18  miles  S.  of  Sir  John's  Bun  Station.  It  has 
a  church. 

Unghvar,  or  Ungvar,  oong^-iii',  a  market-town  of 
N.E.  Hungary,  capital  of  a  county,  on  the  Ungh,  80  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Debreczin.     Pop.  5000.     It  has  Roman  Catholic 
and  Greek  United  churches,  and  a  trade  in  wines. 
Ungi,  a  river  of  Asiatic  Turkey.     See  Tavoos. 
Ungool,  a  state  of  India.    See  Angool. 
Unicoi,  yu'n§-koi,  a  county  of  Tennessee,  bordering  on 
North  Carolina.     Area,  196  square  miles.     It  is  drained  by 
tbe  Nolachucky  River.     The  surface  is  mountainous.     It 
is  intersected  by  the  Charleston,  Cincinnati  <fc  Chicago  Rail- 
road.    Capital,  Erwin.     Pop.  in  1880,  3645;  in  1890,4619. 
Unie,  oon'yi,  an  island  in  the  Adriatic,  16  miles  S.E. 
of  Istria.     Length,  6  miles;  breadth,  2  miles.     Pop.  300, 
Unieli,  a  village  of  Asiatic  Turkey.    See  Unyeh. 
Unika  Mountains.    See  Unaka  Mountains. 
Union,  yun'yun,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Arkansas, 
bordering  on  Louisiana,  has  an  area  of  about  1138  square 
miles.     It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  and  E.  by  the  Ouachita 
River,  and  is  drained  by  Cypress  Bayou  and  Corm  and  Cor- 
neille  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  nearly 
half  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  hickory,  beech, 
maple,  pine,  cypress,  Ac.     The  soil  is  fertile.     Cotton,  In- 
dian corn,  pork,  cattle,  and  sweet  potatoes  are  the  staple 
products.     Capital,  El  Dorado.     Pop.  in  1870,  10,571 ;  in 
1880,  13,419;  in  1890,  14,977. 

Union,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Georgia,  bordering 
on  North  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  325  square  miles. 
It  is  drained  by  the  Notley  and  Tocoa  Rivers.  The  surface 
is  mountainous  and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the 
chestnut,  oak,  poplar,  maple,  beech,  and  other  trees.  The 
Blue  Ridge  occupies  the  S.  part  of  the  county.  Among  its 
remarkable  features  is  Pilot  Mountain.  Indian  corn,  grass, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Gold  and  marble  are  said 
to  be  found  here.  Capital,  Blairsville.  Pop.  in  1870,  5267; 
in  1880,  6431;  in  1890,  7749. 

Union,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Illinois,  borders  on 
Missouri.  Area,  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by 
Clear  Creek  and  the  Big  Muddy  River,  which  enters  the 
Mississippi  in  the  N.W.  part  of  the  county.  The  surface  is 
undulating  or  hilly,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests 
of  tbe  ash,  hickory,  oak,  maple,  tulip-tree,  &c.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  pork,  and  grass  are  the 
staple  products.  Among  its  minerals  are  limestone  and 
bituminous  coal.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Illinois 
Central  Railroad,  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  and  the 
Grand  Tower  &  Carbondale  Railroad,  the  second  railroad 


mentioned   connecting   with    Joncsborough,  tbe   caiiii 
Pon.  in  1870,  16,518;  in  1880,  18,102;  in  1890,  2l,i4l. 

Union,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Indiana,  bordcri 
on  Ohio,  has  an  area  of  170  equaro  miles.  It  ia  interred 
by  the  East  Fork  of  the  Whitewater  Kiver,  wliioh  ri 
southward.  Tbe  surface  is  uuduliiting  or  level.  TIib  ( 
is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  pork,  and  oats  are  tbe  iln' 
products.  Silurian  limestone  underlies  the  toil,  'f; 
county  is  liberally  supplied  with  timber.  It  is  interjid 
in  an  E.  and  W.  direction  by  the  Cincinnati,  Hauiiltun 
Dayton  Railroad.  Capital,  Liberty.  Pop.  in  187U,  da 
in  1880,  7673;  in  18U0,  7006. 

Union,  a  southern  county  of  Iowa.  Area,  482  sqiir 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Grand  River,  and  draiiK-U 
the  Platte  River  and  several  creeks.  The  surface  in  undl 
biting  or  nearly  level,  and  diversified  with  prairies  a 
woodbinds.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wliciit,  ca; 
and  bay  are  the  staples.  This  county  is  traversed  bv  I 
Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  and  the  Chicnj 
St.  Paul  &  Kansas  City  Railroad.  Capital,  Afton.  I'u 
in  1870,  5986;  in  1880,  14,980;  in  1890,  16,900. 

Union,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Kentucky, bordcri; 
on  Illinois,  has  an  area  of  about  380  square  miles,  hi 
bounded  on  the  N.W.  and  W.  by  the  Ohio  liivcr,  unJ  • 
the  S.  by  the  Tradewater  River.  The  surface  is  purt 
hilly,  and  in  some  parts  nearly  level.  The  soil  ig  ferti 
Indian  corn,  tobacco,  wheat,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  sliif 
|)roducts.  'ibis  county  has  plenty  of  timber,  nod  miiiesc 
bituminous  coal.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Ohio  Valli 
Railroad,  which  connects  with  Morganfield,  tbe  cupiii 
Pop.  in  1870,  13,640;  in  1880,  17,809;  in  1890,  18,2L>1*.  : 

Union,  a  parish  in  the  N.  part  of  Louisiana,  borJc 
on  Union  co..  Ark.  Area,  about  905  square  miles.  It 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Ouachita  River  (which  is  nav 
gable,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Bayou  d'Arlionne.  Tl 
surface  is  moderately  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  coven 
with  forests  of  pine,  oak,  hickory,  and  other  trees.  Ti, 
soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  |>ork  ai 
the  staple  products.  Capital,  Farmerville.  Pop.  io  18711 
11,685;  in  1880,  13,526;  in  1890,  17,304. 

Union,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Mississippi,  has  a 
area  of  about  424  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  tbe  Ta) 
lahatchee  River  and  Oldtown  Creek.  The  surface  is  et 
tensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  beech,  hickory,  mug 
nolia,  oak,  tulip-tree,  .fco.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton  an' 
Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  inter 
sected  by  the  Gulf  &  Chicago  Railroad  and  the  Kansa 
City,  Memphis  &  Birmingham  Railroad,  both  of  wliiol 
connect  with  New  Albany,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1880 
13,030;  in  1890,  15,606. 

Union,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  New  Jersey,  hi 
.an  area  of  about  102  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  thi 
E.  by  Newark  Bay  and  Staten  Island  Sound,  and  on  tbi 
N.W.  by  the  Passaic  River.  It  is  drained  by  the  Eabwa) 
River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  except  in  the  N.W 
part.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Butter,  hay,  Indian  corn,  ano 
potatoes  arc  the  staples.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Centrai 
Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  tbe 
Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  and  the  Delaware,  Lackawanns 
&  Western  Railroad.  Capital,  Elizalieth.  Pop.  in  1870, 
41,859;  in  1880,  55,571  ;  in  1890,  72,467. 

Union,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  North  Carolina,  bor- 
dering on  South  Ca'rolina,  has  an  area  of  about  640  8quar« 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Rocky  River,  and  i» 
partly  drained  by  Lane's  and  Waxhaw  (or  Wax8aw)Creek». 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  about  one-half  of  it 
is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  cotton,  wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prodactl. 
Among  its  minerals  are  granite  and  slate.  It  is  interseeted 
by  the  Carolina  Central  Railroad  and  the  Georgia,  CaroliMi 
&  Northern  Railroad.  Capital,  Monroe.  Pop.  in  1871, 
12,217;  in  1880,  18,056;  in  1890,  21,259. 

Union,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Ohio,  baiM 
area  of  about  427  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Boke  t, 
Darby,  Mill,  and  Rush  Creeks,  all  affluents  of  the  Scioto 
River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  cov- 
ered with  forests  of  the  oak,  ash,  elm,  hickory,  sugar- 
maple,  Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  vrool, 
cattle,  hay,  pork,  and  oats  are  the  staple  producU.  Tbu 
county  has  quarries  of  limestone,  a  good  material  for  buM- 
ing  purposes.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Cleveland,  Cincm- 
nati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  the  Pittsburg,  Cinom- 
nati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  and  the  New  lorK, 
Lake  ErieA  Western  Railroad.  Capital,  Marysville.  Fop. 
in  1870,  18,730;  in  1880,  22,375;  in  1890,  22,860. 

Union,  the  most  northeastern  county  of  Oregon,  or- 
ders on  Idaho.     Area,   about  3035  square  miles.    It  " 


jjm 


2677 


UNI 


b(bded  on  the  E.  by  the  Snake  or  Lewis  River,  and  is 
dilned  by  the  Powder  and  Grande  Ronde  Rivers.  The 
eiWe  is  partly  mountainous.  Among  its  prominent  phys- 
ic! features  are  the  Blue  Mountains.  The  soil  of  the 
vi'eys  is  fertile,  and  adapted  to  pasturage.  AVheat,  oats, 
h:',  cattle,  lumber,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products. 
A'ong  its  mineral  resources  is  gold.  Volcanic  rocks  are 
fcfjd  in  this  county.  Capital,  Union.  Pop.  in  1870,2562; 
ir875,  3408;  in  1880,  6650;  in  1890,  12,044. 

Tnioil)  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Pennsylvania. 
Aa,  315  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Mit  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  is  intersected  by 
P  n's  Creek,  and  is  also  drained  by  Buffalo  and  White 
Dr  Creeks.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  several  ridges 
olhe  Alleghany  Mountains.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is 
fjile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and  butter  are  the 
st  lie  products.  Limestone  underlies  part  of  the  surface. 
Ts  county  is  intersected  by  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading 
KJiroad  and  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie  division  of  the 
P!nsylvania  Railroad.  Capitiil,  Lewisburg.  Pop.  in  1870, 
].165;  in  1880,  16,905  ;  in  1890,  17,820. 

jJliion,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  South  Carolina,  has 
aarea  of  about  660  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E)y  Broad  River,  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Ennoree  River,  and 
is^tersected  by  the  Pacolett  and  Tiger  Rivers.  The  surface 
isiilly,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak, 
hliory,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  In- 
dia corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Granite 
ail  iron  ore  are  found  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by 
tlJRichmond  <fc  Danville  Railroad,  and  the  Georgia,  Caro- 
]\i  &  Northern  Railroad.  Capital,  Union.  Pop.  in  1870, 
ll|48;  in  1880,  24,080;  in  1890,  25,363. 

^nion,  the  most  S.E.  county  of  South  Dakota,  borders 
oilowa.  Area,  430  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
EJ)y  the  Big  Sioux  River,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Mis- 
sed River.  The  former  enters  the  latter  river  at  the  S.E. 
ei'emity  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  diversified  with 
lell  river-bottoms,  undulating  prairies,  and  woodlands. 
t!  Boil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  maize,  oats,  and  butter  are 
tl staples.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  & 
Si|Paul  Railroad  and  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Rail- 
rd.  Capital,  Elk  Point.  Pop.  in  1870,  3507 ;  in  1880, 
6S;  in  1890,  9130. 

Tnion,  a  county  of  East  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of 
alat  220  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Clinch 
Rer,  and  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Powell's  River.  The 
Bi'ace  is  mountainous,  diversified  by  ridges  and  valleys, 
aii  partly  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  hickory,  chestnut, 
Eijir-maple,  &o.  Indian  corn,  oats,  pork,  and  butter  are 
tlfstaple  products.  Capital,  Maynardville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
7fl5;  in  1880,  10,260;  in  1890,  11,459. 

^nion,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Ala.,  33  miles 
S.JW.  of  Tuscaloosa,  and  10  miles  N.  of  Eutaw.  It  has 
g*ral  stores  and  a  masonic  hall. 

^nion,  a  hamlet  of  Merced  co.,  Cal.,  is  10  miles  from 
Pansburg  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

i^nioil)  a  post-hamlet  of  Tolland  co..  Conn.,  in  Union 
tdnahip,  about  34  miles  E.N.E.  of  Hartford.  It  has  a 
stjm  saw-mill  and  manufactures  of  boots  and  shoes.  Pop. 
olihe  township,  627. 

ifnion,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stewart  co.,  Ga.,  28  miles  from 
Climbus.     It  has  a  church  and  <a  store. 

Jnion,  a  station  in  Clark  co.,  111.,  on  the  Paris  &  Dan- 
v'e  Railroad,  at  West  Union,  12  miles  S.  of  Marshall. 

llnion,  a  township  of  Cumberland  co..  111.     Pop.  1836. 

f  Dion,  a  township  of  Efiingham  co.,  111.     Pop.  637. 

^nion,  a  township  of  Fulton  co..  111.     Pop.  1914. 

fJiiion,  a  township  of  Livingston  co.,  111.     Pop.  711. 

Iiiion,  a  post-village  of  McIIenry  co..  III.,  in  Coral 
t(nship,  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad  (Free- 
pi  line),  20  miles  N.W.  of  Elgin.     It  has  3  churches. 

tTnion,  a  township  of  Union  co..  111.     Pop.  781. 

jlnion,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  865. 

f  nion,  a  township  of  Bartholomew  co.,  Ind.     P.  1008. 

Vnion,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  340. 

rJnion,  a  township  of  Boono  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1057. 

Union,  a  township  of  Clarke  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1022. 

i'Jnion,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1082. 

jlnion,  a  township  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  4121.  It 
C(tains  Auburn  and  Waterloo. 

7nion,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1244. 

|Jnion,  a  township  of  Elkhart  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1221. 

'Jnion,  a  township  of  Fulton  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1200. 

iJnion,  a  township  of  Hendricks  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1326. 

'Jnion,  a  township  of  Howard  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1745. 

'Jnion,  a  township  of  Huntington  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1016. 

jJuion,  a  township  of  Jasper  co.,  Ind.     Pop,  196. 


Union,  a  township  of  Johnson  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1466. 

Union,  a  township  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind      Pop.  585. 

Union,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  851.  It 
contains  Chesterfield. 

Union,  a  township  of  Marshall  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1335. 

Union,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  982. 

Union,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  4746, 
exclusive  of  Crawfordsville. 

Union,  a  township  of  Ohio  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  669. 

Union,  a  township  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1256. 

Union,  a  township  of  Perry  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1365. 

Union,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co.,  Ind.,  in  Clay  town- 
ship, about  16  miles  S.  by  B.  of  Vincennes. 

Union,  a  township  of  Porter  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1057- 

Union,  Randolph  co.,  Ind.     See  Umon  City. 

Union,  a  township  of  Rush  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1206. 

Union,  a  township  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1801. 

Union,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1200. 

Union,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1289. 

Union,  a  township  of  Vanderburg  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1040. 

Union,  a  township  of  AVells  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1263. 

Union,  a  township  of  White  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1832.  It 
contains  Monticello. 

Union,  a  township  of  Whitley  co.,  Ind,  Pop.  1294.  It 
contains  Coesse, 

Union,  a  township  of  Adair  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  290. 

Union,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  360. 

Union,  a  township  of  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  619. 

Union,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  829. 

Union,  a  township  of  Black  Hawk  co.,  Iowa.     P.  431. 

Union,  a  township  of  Boone  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  445. 

Union,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  331. 

Union,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  284. 

Union,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Iowa,     Pop.  443. 

Union,  a  township  of  Dallas  co.,  Iowa.  Fop.  1180, 
exclusive  of  Dexter. 

Union,  a  township  of  Davis  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  1158.  It 
contains  Troy. 

Union,  a  township  of  Delaware  co.,  Iowa,     Pop.  684. 

Union,  a  township  of  Des  Moines  co.,  Iowa.     P.  1456. 

Union,  a  township  of  Floyd  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1258. 

Union,  a  township  of  Guthrie  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  286. 

Union,  a  post-village  of  Hardin  co.,  Iowa,  in  Union 
township,  on  the  Iowa  River,  and  on  the  Central  Railroad 
of  Iowa,  9  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Eldora,  and  18  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Marshalltown.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper 
ofiSce,  a  graded  school,  a  carriage-factory,  <to.  Pop.  in  1890, 
514;  of  the  township.  1690. 

Union,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  371. 

Union,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa,  Pop,  206, 
exclusive  of  Sabula. 

Union,  a  township  of  Johnson  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  713, 

Union,  a  township  of  Louisa  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  581. 

Union,  a  township  of  Lucas  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  726. 

Union,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1098. 

Union,  a  township  of  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1186. 

Union,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  700. 

Union,  a  township  of  Mitchell  co.,  Iowa.     Pop,  578. 

Union,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1084. 

Union,  a  township  of  Plymouth  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  145. 

Union,  a  township  of  Poweshiek  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  785. 

Union,  a  township  of  Ringgold  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  209. 

Union,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  390. 

Union,  a  township  of  Story  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1119. 

Union,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  617,  ex- 
clusive of  Afton. 

Union,  a  township  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  892, 
exclusive  of  Birmingham. 

Union,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  695. 

Union,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1101. 

Union,  a  township  of  AVoodbury  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  444. 

Union,  a  township  of  Worth  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  386. 

Union,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  292. 

Union,  a  township  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas.     P.  506; 

Union,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  772, 

Union,  township,  McPherson  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  779. 

Union,  a  township  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  555. 

Union,  a  township  of  Rice  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  9U6. 

Union,  a  township  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas.   Pop.  694, 

Union,  township,  Washington  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  279. 

Union,  a  post-hamlet  of  Boone  co.,  Ky.,  about  15  miles 
S.W.  of  Covington.     It  has  2  or  3  churches. 

Union,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co..  Me.,  in  Union  town- 
ship, on  ai  small  lake,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Rockland.  It  con- 
tains 3  churches  and  the  Union  High  School.  The  town- 
ship has  manufactures  of  carriages,  furniture,  organs, 
mowing-machines,  stoves,  &o.     Pop.  of  township,  1701. 


UNI 


2678 


UNI 


Union,  a  township  of  Branch  oo.,  Mich.     Pop.  2250. 

Union,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  oo.,  Mich.,  about  120 
miles  E.  of  Chicago. 

Union,  a  township  of  Isabella  oo.,  Mioh.     Pop.  970. 

Union,  a  post-township  of  Houston  oo.,  Minn.  Pop. 
456.  Union  Post-Offioe  is  about  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  La 
Crosse,  Wis.,  and  7  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Caledonia. 

Union,  a  post-hamlet  of  Newton  oo..  Miss.,  abont  80 
miles  N.W.  of  Meridian.     It  has  2  ohurohes. 

Union,  a  township  of  Barton  oo.,  Mo.     Pop.  152. 

Union,  a  township  of  Benton  oo.,  Mo.    Pop.  1185. 

Union,  a  township  of  Bollinger  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1436. 

Union,  a  township  of  Clarke  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1155. 

Union,  a  hamlet  of  Clarke  co..  Mo.,  A  miles  from  Ca- 
hoka.     It  has  a  church.     Hero  is  Enterprise  Post-Offlce. 

Union,  a  township  of  Crawford  oo.,  Mo.     Pop.  1015. 

Union,  a  township  of  Daviess  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1515. 

Union,  a  township  of  Dunklin  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  797. 

Union,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Franklin  co.,  Mo.,  in 
Union  township,  on  or  near  Bourbeuse  Creek,  about  52 
miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Louis,  and  6  miles  S.  of  the  Missouri 
Pacifio  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
brewery,  and  a  steam  flour-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  2855. 

Union,  a  township  of  Harrison  oo.,  Mo.     Pop.  1193. 

Union,  a  township  of  Holt  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1118. 

Union,  a  township  of  Iron  co..  Mo.     Pop.  743. 

Union,  a  township  of  Laclede  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1850. 

Union,  a  township  of  Lincoln  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1361. 

Union,  a  township  of  Marion  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1471. 

Union,  a  township  of  Monroe  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1566. 

Union,  a  township  of  Nodaway  oo..  Mo.     Pop.  1308. 

Union,  a  township  of  Pulaski  co..  Mo.     Pop.  958. 

Union,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  2053.  It 
contains  Unionville. 

Union,  a  township  of  Randolph  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1136. 

Union,  a  township  of  Ripley  co..  Mo.     Pop.  855. 

Union,  a  township  of  St.  Genevieve  co.,  Mo.     P.  1577. 

Union,  a  township  of  Scotland  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1404. 

Union,  a  township  of  Sullivan  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1222. 

Union,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  1187. 

Union,  a  township  of  Webster  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1593. 

Union,  a  township  of  Worth  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1199. 

Union,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Nebraska,  12  miles 
N.  of  Nebraska  City. 

Union,  a  post-village  in  Wakefield  township,  Carroll 
CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  outlet  of  several  lakes,  and  on  the  Eastern 
Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of  Rochester.  It  has  a  church,  a 
grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  felt-mill. 

Union,  a  township  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.     Pop.  2057. 

Union,  a  town  and  township  of  Hudson  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Hudson  River,  opposite  New  York,  and  1  mile  N.  of  Hobo- 
ken.     Pop.  of  town  in  1880,  5849 ;  of  the  township,  1310. 

Union,  a  township  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.     Pop.  1051. 

Union,  a  township  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.     Pop.  1923. 

Union,  a  post-township  of  Union  co.,  N.J.  Pop.  2314. 
It  contains  part  of  Roselle  village.  Union  Post-Omce  is  at 
Connecticut  Farms. 

Union,  a  post-village  in  Union  township,  Broome  co., 
N.Y.,  i  mile  N.  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the 
Erie  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Binghamton.     It  has  a  news- 

?aper  office,  a  banking-house,  and  3  churches.     Pop.  about 
00 ;  of  the  township,  2638.     The  township  is  bounded  S. 
by  Susquehanna  River,  and  drained  by  Nanticoke  Creek. 

Union,  a  station  in  Rockland  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New 
Jersey  A  New  York  Railroad,  32  miles  N.  of  New  York. 

Union,  a  post-village  of  Hertford  co.,  N.C.,  7  miles 
S.W.  of  Winton.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a  steam 
cotton-gin,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Union,  a  township  of  Lincoln  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1331. 

Union,  a  township  of  Nash  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1039. 
•    Union,  a  township  of  New  Hanover  co.,  N.C.    P.  1381. 

Union,  a  township  of  Randolph  oo.,  N.C.     Pop.  697. 

Union,  a  manufacturing  village  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C, 
8  miles  from  Ashborough.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  368. 

Union,  a  township  of  Rutherford  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  492. 

Union,  a  township  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  894. 

Union,  a  township  of  Auglaize  co.,  0.     Pop.  1462. 

Union,  a  township  of  Belmont  co.,  0.  Pop.  1684.  It 
contains  Morristown. 

Union,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  0.  Pop.  6399.  It 
contains  Levanna  and  Ripley. 

Union,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  0.  Pop.  2013.  It 
contains  Westchester. 

Union,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  0.     Pop.  609. 

Union,  a  township  of  Champaign  co.,  0.     Pop.  1600. 

Union,  a  township  of  Clermont  co.,  0.  Pop.  1920.  It 
contains  Mount  Carmel  and  AVithamsville. 


Union,  a  township  of  Clinton  oo.,  0.    Pop.  4227 
contains  Wilmington. 

Union,  a  township  of  Fayette  oo.,  0.    Pop.  4471 
contains  Washington. 

Union,  a  township  of  Hancock  co.,  0.    Pop,  154(| 

Union,  a  township  of  Highland  co.,  0.    Pep.  I4ii_ 

Union,  a  township  of  Knox  00.,  0.  Pop.  1017.  I 
contains  Danville  and  Millwood.  '    | 

Union,  a  township  of  Lawrence  00.,  0.    Pop.  I840   ' 

Union,  a  township  of  Licking  co.,  0.    Pop.  1855. 
contains  Hebron  and  Luray. 

Union,  a  township  of  Logan  co.,  0.    Pop.  763, 

Union,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  0.    Pop,  3109. 
contains  London. 

Union,  a  township  of  Mercer  co.,  0.    Pop.  1475. 
contains  Mendon. 

Union,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  0.    Pop.  3291. 
contains  Milton. 

Union,  a  post-village  in  Randolph  township.  Mot 
gomery  co.,  0.,  on  the  Southwest  Branch  of  the  Miai 
River,  about  12  miles  N.W.  of  Dayton.  It  hoi  a  church, 
pottery,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  212. 

Union,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  0.    Pop.  1583. 
contains  Morganville,  Rosseau,  and  Ringgold. 

Union,  a  township  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.  Pop.  lt4J 
It  contains  New  Concord  ond  Norwich.  | 

Union,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  0.    Pop.  651.  ' 

Union,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  0.    Pop.  1031, 
contains  Kalida. 

Union,  a  township  of  Ross  co.,  0.    Pop.  2790.         j 

Union,  a  township  of  Scioto  co.,  0.    Pop.  652. 

Union,  a  township  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.    Pop.  742. ' 

Union,  a  township  of  Union  co.,  0.     Pop.  1336. 
contains  Milford  Centre. 

Union,  a  township  of  Van  Wert  co.,  0.    Pop.  624. 

Union,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  0.    Pop.  IGSD. 
contains  Deerfield. 

Union,  Warren  co.,  0.    See  Union  Village. 

Union,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  0.    Pop.  862. 

Union,  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  Oregon,  on  ll 
Grande  Ronde  River,  at  the  S.  end  of  the  Grande  !loD<j 
Valley,  about  9  miles  S.E.  of  La  Grande.  Gold  is  foui 
near  this  place.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and 
planing-mill. 

Union,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  1105. 

Union,  a  former  borough  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  ri' 
the  Ohio  River,  a  few  miles  S.W.  of  Pittsburg,  to  which 
was  united  in  1872.  1 

Union,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  isboandedtl 
the  N.  by  the  Ohio  River.     Pop.  1980. 

Union,  a  township  of  Bedford  co..  Pa.    Pop.  1791. 

Union,  a  township  of  Berks  co..  Pa.    Pop.  2165. 

Union,  a  township  of  Centre  co..  Pa.    Pop.  847. 

Union,  a  township  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.    Pop.  400. 

Union,  or  Union  City,  a  post-borough  of  Erie  ci. 
Pa.,  in  Union  township,  on  a  branch  of  French  Creek,  u 
on  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie  and  Atlantic  &,  Great  We» 
em  Railroads,  11  miles  W.  of  Corry,  26  miles  S.E.  of  Eri 
and  25  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Titusville.  It  is  the  N.  termini 
of  the  Union  &  Titusville  Railroad.  It  contains  2  newj 
paper  offices,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  5  churcbe 
a  chair-factory,  and  the  Union  City  Iron-Works.  Pop.  I 
1870,  1500.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Union  City, 

Union,  a  township  of  Erie  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1334. 

Union,  a  township  of  Fulton  co..  Pa.    Pop.  424. 

Union,  a  township  of  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  78i 

Union,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co..  Pa.    Pop.  595.   i 

Union,  a  hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  in  Colerti 
township,  48  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia,  and  1  mile  froi 
White  Rock  Station.  It  has  a  church  and  14  dwelling 
Here  is  Colerain  Post-Office. 

Union,  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.    See  Union  Station. 

Union,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co..  Pa.    Pop.  1434. 

Union,  a  township  of  Lebanon  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  1614. 

Union,  a  township  of  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1637. 

Union,  a  township  of  Mifflin  co..  Pa.    Pop.  1469. 

Union,  a  township  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1110. 

Union,  a  township  of  Snyder  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  1U9L 

Union,  a  township  of  Tioga  co..  Pa.    Pop.  1098. 

Union,  a  township  of  Union  co..  Pa.    Pop.  840. 

Union,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  141! 

Union,  York  co.,  Pa.    See  Broghrville. 

Union,  or  Unionville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Unw 
CO.,  S.C,  in  Union  township,  o-n  the  Spartanburg  A  Unio 
Railroad,  about  70  miles  N.N.W.  of  Columbia.    It  i»  suj 
rounded  by  a  hilly  country,  in  which  granite  is  found, 
has  an  academy,  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and 


UNI 


2679 


UNI 


( arches.    The  name  of  its  post-oflSce  is  Union.    Pop.  in 

80,  1267;  of  the  township,  3637. 

jUnion,  Obion  co.,  Tenn.    See  Union  City. 

(Union,  a  post-village  of  Salt  Lake  co.,  Utah,  12  miles 

«by  E.  of  Salt  Lake  City.     It  has  a  church. 

~Jnion,  a  handsome  post-village,  capital  of  Monroe  co., 
Va.,  about   85  miles  S.E.  of  Charleston,  and  20  miles 

.W.  of  the  AVhite  Sulphur  Springs.     It  contains  a  high 

ool,  4  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  bank,  a  female 
inary,  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  419. 
[Union,  a  township  of  Door  co..  Wis.    Pop.  5.^0. 
nion,  a  township  of  Eau  Claire  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  617. 
nion,  a  township  of  Pierce  co..  Wis.     Pop.  579. 
nion,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rock  co.,  Wis.,  in  Union  town- 

p,  about  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Madison.     It  has  a  church. 
ie  township  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern 
ililroad,  and  contains  Evansville.    Pop.  oPtownship,  2025. 
iUiiion,  a  township  of  Vernon  co..  Wis.     Pop.  623. 
'Union,  a  township  of  Waupaca  co..  Wis.     Pop.  389. 
lUnion,  a  post-village  in  Elgin  co.,  Ontario,  on  Beaver 
ifcek,  6  miles  S.  of  St.  Thomas.     It  contains  saw-,  grist-, 
id  woollen-mills,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  350. 
•Union,  a  village  in  Colchester  co.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the 
jtorcolonial  Railway  (Pictou  Branch),  70  miles  from  Hal- 
lux.    Pop.  100. 

iUnion  BlufT,  a  post-oflSce  of  York  co..  Me. 
lUnion  Bridge,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  on 
li  affluent  of  the  Monocacy  River,  and  on  the  Western 
•jryland  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  of  Westminster.  It  has  a 
(jurch,  a  high  school,  an  ice-cream  factory,  and  a  machine- 
ijop.     Pop.  in  1880.  579. 

lUnionburg,  yun'yun-biirg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison 
(.,  Iowa,  about  22  miles  N.  of  Council  Blufi'a.  It  has  2 
/arches. 

lUnion  Camp,  a  post-hamlet  of  Macon  co.,  Tenn.,  7 
ties  E.  of  Lafayette.     It  has  a  church. 
'Union  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co..  111., 
liout  20  miles  S.E.  of  Mattoon. 

Union  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa,  6 
lies  E.S.E.  of  Maquoketa.     It  has  a  church. 
lUnion  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Elk  co.,  Kansas,  on 
ilk  River,  about  44  miles  E.N.E.  of  Winfield,  and  25  miles 
liof  Eureka.     Pop.  of  township,  1296. 
iUnion  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Le  Sueur  co.,  Minn. 
Union  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y., 
5  Union  township,  on  Nanticoke  Creek,  about  10  miles 
jiN.W.  of  Binghamton.     It  has  2  churches,  2  planing- 
:11s,  and  2  steam  saw-mills. 

fUnion  Centre,  or  Og'densburg,  a  post-village  of 
'bga  CO.,  Pa.,  in  Union  township,  on  a  ridge  of  the  Alle- 
jianies,  about  28  miles  N.  of  Williamsport.  P.  about  350. 
IUnion  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Wonewoc  township, 
<!neau  co.,  Wis.,  on  Bamboo  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  <fc 
irthwestern  Railroad,  37  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sparta.  It  has 
!;hurch. 

tUnion  Church,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co..  Miss., 
;but  40  miles  if.  by  N.  of  Natchez.     It  has  an  academy, 
ihurches,  and  a  plough-factory.     Pop.  120. 
(Union  Church,  Albany  co.,  N.Y.     See  Unionville. 
lUnion  Church,  a  post-office  of  Moore  co.,  N.C. 
lUnion  Church,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa., 
|iililes  E.N.E.  of  Huntingdon.     It  has  a  church,  and  a 
ittery  for  stone-ware. 

IUnion  Church,  a  post-office  of  Kno.x  co.,  Tenn. 
iUnion  Church,  a  post-office  of  Racine  co..  Wis. 
>Union  City,  a  post-village  of  New  Haven  co.,  Conn., 
ij  the  Naugatuck  Railroad,  near  the  Naugatuck  River,  4 
;' les  S.  of  Waterbury,  and  1  mile  from  Naugatuck.  It  has 
inufactures  of  cutlery,  machinery,  thimbles,  Ac.  P.  1207. 
tUnion  City,  or  Union,  a  post-village  in  Wayne 
Wnship,  Randolph  co.,  Ind.,  9  miles  E.  of  Winchester,  30 
lies  W.  by  N.  of  Piqua,  and  47  miles  N.W.  of  Dayton,  0. 
lis  the  N.W.  terminus  of  the  Dayton  &,  Union  Railroad, 
[lich  connects  here  with  the  Cleveland,  Columbus  <fc  In- 
{xnapoHs  Railroad  and  the  Columbus,  Chicago  <fc  Indiana 
jntral  Railroad.  It  is  on  the  E.  boundary  of  the  state, 
id  is  partly  in  Darke  co.,  0.  It  contains  6  churches,  a 
itional  bank,  1  other  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  steam 
list-mills,  and  manufactures  of  sash,  doors,  and  farming- 
kplements.  Pop.  in  1870,  1439;  in  1880,  2478. 
'Union  City,  township,  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  405. 
Union  City,  a  hamlet  of  Union  co.,  Iowa,  about  15 
lies  S.W.  of  Afton. 

'Union  City,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Ky.,  7  miles 
iE.  of  Richmond. 

IUnion  City,  a  post-village  in  Union  township.  Branch 
'^  Mich.,  on  the  St.  Joseph  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the 


Coldwater  River,  and  on  the  Air-Line  division  of  the  Mich- 
igan Central  Railroad,  41  miles  W.S.W.  of  Jackson,  and 
about  11  miles  N.W.  of  Coldwater.  It  contains  a  national 
bank,  3  churches,  a  union  school,  a  newspa])er  office,  2 
flour-mills,  3  carriage-shops,  a  manufactory  of  farming- 
implements,  a  foundry,  a  stave-factory,  and  sash-  and  door- 
factories.     Pop.  in  1880,  1280. 

Union  City,  a  village  of  Darke  co.,  0.,  in  Jackson 
township,  on  the  Dayton  &  Union  Railroad,  13  miles  N.AV. 
of  Greenville.    P.  1127.   It  is  contiguous  to  Union  City,  Ind. 

Union  City,  Erie  co..  Pa.    See  Uniox. 

Union  City,  a  post-village  of  Obion  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Nashville, 
Chattanooga  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad,  156  miles  W.  by  N.  of 
Nashville,  26  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Columbus,  Ky.,  and  33 
miles  N.  of  Trenton.  It  has  7  churches,  a  newspiijjcr  office, 
a  money-order  post-office,  2  steam  flour-mills,  2  ])laning- 
mills,  a  woollen-mill,  a  machine-shop,  and  workshops  of 
one  of  the  railroads.     Pop.  in  1 880,  1879. 

Union  City,  a  hamlet  of  Mason  co.,  Washington,  on 
or  near  Hood's  Canal,  about  28  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Olympia. 

Union  Corner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northumberland  co., 
Pa.,  about  4  miles  S.  of  Danville.  It  has  a  church  and  an 
academy. 

Union  Corners,  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.   See  Elizavili.e. 

Union  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y., 
about  40  miles  S.  of  Rochester.     It  has  2  churches. 

Union  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Roane  co.,  Tenn. 

Union  Dale,  a  post-hamlet  in  Herrick  township,  Sus- 
quehanna CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Jefferson  Branch  of  the  Erie 
Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Carbondale.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
lumber-mill,  and  a  flour-mill. 

Union  Deposit,  de-poz'it,  a  post-village  in  South 
Hanover  township,  Dauphin  co..  Pa.,  on  Swatara  Creek, 
about  12  miles  E.  of  Ilarrisburg,  and  1  mile  N.  of  the  Leb- 
anon Valley  Railroad.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and 
an  iron-furnace.     Pop.  about  450. 

Union  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Holston  River, -and  on  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  & 
Georgia  Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of  Bristol.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  female  institute,  and  a  cotton -factory. 

Union  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Saranac  River,  about  27  miles  W.S.W.  of  Plattsburg. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Union  Forge,  a  post-hamlet  in  Union  township,  Leb- 
anon CO.,  Pa.,  on  Swatara  Creek,  and  on  the  Lebanon  & 
Tremont  Railroad,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lebanon.  It  has 
a  church,  an  iron-forge,  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Union  Fur'nace,  a  post-hamlet  in  Starr  township, 
Hocking  co.,  0.,  2i  miles  from  Haydenville  Station,  and 
about  24  miles  S.S.E.  of  Lancaster.  It  has  an  iron-furnace 
and  a  church. 

Union  Furnace,  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.   See  MonnBLL. 

Union  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  in  Union  Grove  town- 
ship, Whiteside  co..  111.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern 
Railroad,  18  miles  W.  of  Sterling,  and  10  miles  E.  of  Clin- 
ton, Iowa.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1070. 

Union  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Grant  co.,  Ind. 

Union  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Page  co.,  Iowa,  about 
20  miles  E.  of  Hamburg. 

Union  Grove,  township.  Meeker  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  411. 

Union  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gentry  co..  Mo.,  near 
Grand  River,  about  54  miles  N.N.E.  of  St.  Joseph. 

Union  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  in  Andes  township,  Dela- 
ware CO.,  N.Y.,  56  miles  W.N.W.  of  Kingston.  It  has  a 
church  and  2  saw-mills. 

Union  Grove,  a  township  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C.  P.  1029. 

Union  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  Tenn. 

Union  Grove,  a  village  of  Kaufman  co.,  Tex.,  12  miles 
W.  of  Kaufman.     It  has  3  churches. 

Union  Grove,  a  post-village  in  Yorkville  township, 
Racine  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Western  Union  Railroad,  15  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Racine.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a 
plnning-mill,  and  a  money-order  post-office.  Pop.  about  400. 

Union  Hall,  a  post-office  of  Estill  co.,  Ky. 

Union  Hall,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Va. 

Union  Hill,  a  mining-camp  of  Nevada  co.,  Cal.,  2i 
miles  from  Grass  Valley.     Gold  is  mined  here. 

Union  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Kankakee  co..  111.,  14 
miles  AV.  of  Kankakee  City. 

Union  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Ringgold  co.,  Iowa. 

Union -Hill,  a  post-office  of  Le  Sueur  co.,  Minn. 

Union  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jlonroe  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  13  miles  E.  of 
Charlotte.     It  has  a  pump-factory. 

Union  Home,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  Mich.,  8 
miles  N.  of  St.  John.     It  has  a  pump-factory. 


FNI 


2680 


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f'nioti  IIoiiBe*  a  post-office  of  Sacramento  co.,  Cat. 

Union  Junctionf  a  station  in  Luzerne  co.-,  Pa.,  on 
the  Lolii);h  A  Susquehanna  Kailroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of 
Wilkesbiirro. 

Union  Lakes^  a  post-hamlet  of  Rice  oo.,  Minn.,  about 
16  miles  N.  of  Faribault.  It  has  2  churches.  Here  are 
two  small  lakes. 

Union  Lev'el,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mcoklenburg  co.,  Va., 

00  miles  S.W.  of  I'etersburg.    It  has  2  churches  and  .3  stores. 
Union  Meet'ing-House,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baltimore 

CO.,  M(l.,  about  30  miles  N,  of  Baltimore. 

Union  Mills^  a  post-hamlot  in  Noble  township,  La 
Porto  CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Lake  Huron  Railroad 
where  it  crosses  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  8U  milos 
W.S.W.  of  South  Bend,  and  15  miles  E.  of  Valparaiso.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  a  flour-mill,  &o.     Pop.  300. 

Union  MillSf  a  post-hamlot  of  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Union  township,  on  the  North  Skunk  River,  about  13  milos 
N.N.E.  of  Oskaloosa.     It  has  a  church. 

Union  Alills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  on 
Pipe  Creek,  7  miles  N.  of  Westminster.  It  has  a  tannery, 
a  nour-mill,  and  a  canning-factory.     Pop.  about  125. 

Union  MiHs^  a  post-office  of  Tippah  co.,  Miss. 

Union  MiHs,  a  hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Neb.,  on  Weep- 
ing Water  Creek,  12J  miles  N,  of  Nebraska  City.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  Hour-mill. 

Union  MillS)  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  N.Y.,  18 
miles  W.  of  Saratoga  Springs.  It  contains  a  charoh,  2 
paper-mills,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  peg-factory. 

Union  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Clackamas  co.,  Oregon. 

Union  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fluvanna  co.,  Va.,  on 
the  Rivanna  River,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Charlottesville.  It 
has  a  cotton-mill,  a  flour-mill,  a  tannery,  and  a  church. 

Union  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Pleasants  co.,  W.  Va. 

Union  Mills,  a  post-ofiice  of  Iowa  co.,  Wis.,  about  13 
miles  N.  of  Mineral  Point. 

Union  Pass,  Montana,  is  a  depression  in  the  Qallatin 
Range  of  mountains,  in  Gallatin  co.,  near  Liberty  Peak. 
The  pass  is  said  to  be  7283  feet  above  the  sea. 

Union  Pier,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  on 
Lake  Michigan,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  Michigan  Lake  Shore 
Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  New  Buffalo,  and  50  miles  by  water 
E.  of  Chicago.     It  bos  a  church  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  200. 

Union  Plains,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co.,  0. 

Union  Point,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  Qa.,  on  the 
Georgia  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Athens  Branch, 
76  miles  W.  of  Augusta.     It  has  a  high  school,  3  churches, 

1  or  2  flour-mills,  and  5  stores. 

Union  Point,  or  Preston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union 
CO.,  III.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about  9  miles  below 
Grand  Tower. 

Unionport,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind. 

Union  Port,  a  post-village  in  Wayne  township,  Jef- 
ferson CO.,  0.,  on  the  Pittsburg  &  Columbus  Railroad,  20 
miles  W.  of  Steubenville.     Pop.  about  200. 

Union  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  township  of  Allamakee 
eo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  854. 

Union  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Iowa,  is  on  the  bound- 
ary between  Butler  and  Franklin  cos.,  about  30  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Charles  City. 

Union  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co.,  Mo.,  15 
miles  S.  of  Unionvillo. 

Union  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Gosper  co.,  Neb. 

Union  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Clarke  oo.,  Washington. 

Union  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cabell  co.,  W.  Va.,  8 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Milton  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

Union  River,  Hancock  co..  Me.,  runs  southward,  and 
enters  the  Atlantic  Ocean  at  Mount  Desert  Island.  It  is 
navigable  to  Ellsworth. 

Union  Soci'ety,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
S3  miles  S.S.W.  of  Albany. 

Unionsport,  yun'yunz-port,  a  village  of  Rnndolph  co., 
Ind.,  in  White  River  township,  8  miles  W.  of  Winchester. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Union  Springs,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Bullock  co., 
Ala.,  on  the  Mobile  &  Girard  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Montgomery  &  Eufaula  Railroad,  40  milos  E.S.E.  of  Mont- 
gomery, and  64  miles  W.S.W.  of  Columbus,  Ga.  It  con- 
tains 7  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  court-house,  a  bank- 
ing-house, the  Union  Springs  Institute,  a  cotton-factory, 
and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  in  18S0,  ISC2. 

Union  Springs,  a  post-village  in  Springport  town- 
ehip,  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  is  beautifully  situated  on  the  E. 
•hore  of  Cayuga  Lake,  and  on  the  Cayuga  Southern  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  S.W.  of  Auburn.  It  contains  7  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  national  bnnk.  a  large  Orthodox 
Friends  boarding-school  named  Oakwooi  Seminary,  quar- 


ries of  gypsum  and  limestone,  and  manufactures  of  i,ri 
drain-tiles,  flour,  ground  ploster,  and  tlireshin"  i; 
About  35,000  tons  of  plaster  are   annually  (([iii  i 
Here  are  some  remarkable  sjirings,  which  suppli 
power  for  several  mills,  and  in  the  vicinity  is  I 
Isle,  the  only  island  in  this  chain  of  lakes.    Stcami    ,• 
ing  between  Ithaca  and  Cayuga  stop  hero.    1*.(18S(J)  i' 

Union  Sqnarc,  a  station  of  the  Fitchburg  Kailr.iii 
miles  W.  of  Boston,  Mass. 

Union  Square,  a  post-hamlct  in  Mexico  towtii!| 
Oswego  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Syracuse  Northern  lUilrond  ' 
miles  N.  of  Syracuse.     It  has  a  steam  lumbcr-inill. 

Union  Square,  a  post-settlomcnt  in  Kingaeo.,  kJ 
Scotia,  18  miles  from  Kuntville.     Pop.  Kui.  '     ! 

Union  Star,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brcckonridge  eo.  Kv 
miles  from  the  Ohio  River,  and  59  miles  S.W.  of  Loui.M  i 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  104. 

Union  Star,  a  post-hamlct  of  Do  Kalb  co.,  Mo.,  on 
St.  Joseph  A  Des  Moines  Railroad,  25  miles  N.E.  t,( 
Joseph. 

Union  Station,  a  post-hamlct  of  Licking  co.,  0., 
the  railroad  which  connects  Columbus  with  Newark 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Newark. 

Union  Station,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co.,  1 
in  East  Cocalico  township,  on  the  Reading  A  Coluii: 
Railroad,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Reading.  It  hai>  ii  tanni'r\ 
flour-mill,  a  limestone-quarry,  3  stores^  2  hotel.',  Ac. 

Union  Station, Sulliv.anco.,Tenn.  Sec  Union  Dki 

UniontOAvn,  yun'yun-town,  a  post-villnge  of  I'l 
CO.,  Ala.,  on  the  Alabama  Central  Railroad,  30  miles  W. 
Sehna,  and  20  miles  E.  by  S.  of  I)cmo])oliB.  It  conliiii, 
churches,  2  or  3  seminaries,  and  2  steam  grist-mills.  Cui 
is  its  chief  article  of  export.     Pop.  in  1880,  810. 

UniontOAvn,  a  village  of  El  Dorado  co.,  Cal.,  on 
South   Fork  of  American   River,   12  miles  N.  of  Shini 
Springs.     It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  wine* 
brandy.  ' 

Uniontown,  a  village  of  AVashington,  D.C.,  on  tho 
bank  of  Anacostia  Creek,  and  on  the  Alexandria  UrnncL 
the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  li  miles  S.E.  of  the  U 
tol.     It  has  2  churches,  2  drug-stores,  and  a  hotel.  An  itl 
bridge  connects  this   place  with  Washington  City.    Pc; 
about  1000.     Here  is  Anacostia  Post-Oflice. 

Uniontown,  a  hamlet  of  Knox  co.,  III.,  about  20  mi 
S.E.  of  Oalesburg. 

Uniontown,  a  hamlet  of  Wells  co.,  Ind.,  about  15  ai 
S.S.W.  of  Fort  Wayne.     It  has  a  church. 

Uniontown,  a  post-hamlet  in  Union  township,  D«i 
ware  co.,  Iowa,  about  8  miles  S.  of  Delhi. 

Uniontown,  a  post-village  in  Marion  township,  lioi' 
bon  CO.,  Kansas,  16  miles  W.  of  Fort  Scott.  It  has  3  6t(  - 
a  graded  school,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Uniontown,  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  Ky.,  on  t 
Ohio  River,  about  40  miles  below  Evansville,  Ind.,  and 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Henderson.     It  is  the  largest  village 
the  county,  the  products  of  which  are  shipped  here.  It  hi 
a  banking-house,  a  newspaper  office,  a  distillery,  and 
churches.     Pop.  in  1880,  1015.  i 

Uniontown,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  44  nil 
N.W.  of  Baltimore,  and  2J  miles  N.  of  Linwood  Ststii 
of  tho  Western  Maryland  Railroad.  It  has  4  ohnrchw, 
savings-bank,  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and  boc 
and  shoes.     Pop.  319. 

Uniontown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co.,  Mo.,  about 
miles  S.E.  of  Perryville. 

UniontOAvn,  a  hamlet  of  Scotland  co.,  Mo.,  4i  milj 
from  Downing  Station.  It  has  a  church  and  a  woollen-mii 

Uniontown,  a  hamlet  of  Middlesex  co.,  N.J.,  on  tl 
railroad  between  New  York  and  Now  Brunswick,  4  mil' 
S.W.  of  Rahway.     Here  is  Iselin  Post-Officc. 

Uniontown,  a  hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  4  mili, 
from  Phillipsburg.     It  has  about  10  houses. 

UniontOAvn,  a  post-village  in  Wheeling  township,  B« 
mont  CO.,  0.,  about  16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bellaire.  It  b»Bi 
church.     Pop.  166.  \ 

UniontOAvn,  a  village  in  Newton  township,  Muskingmi 
CO.,  0.,  about  11  miles  S.W.  of  Znnesvillo.  It  hns  a  gr«d« 
school  and  5  churches.  Pop.  287.  The  name  of  its  p"* 
office  is  Fultonhara. 

Uniontown,  a  village  in  Lake  township,  Stark  co.,  0 
11  miles  S.S.E.  of  Akron,  and  about  13  miles  N.of  Cantoi 
It  has  3  churches  and  a  tannery.     Here  is  Lake  Post-Offiw 

UniontOAvn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Oregon. 

UniontOAVn,  a  borough  of  Dauphin  co..  Pa.,  in  Miffli 
township,  on  Mahantango  Creek,  about  18  miles  S.  of  Sua 
bury.  It  has  4  churches,  a  foundry,  and  a  manufactory  <> 
farming-implemenU.   Pop.  299.    Here  is  Pillow  Post-Offioi 


UNI 


2681 


UNI 


'niontown,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Fayette  co., 
P  is  pleiisimtly  situated  on  the  National  Road,  and  on 
tl  Fayette  County  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Rail- 
re  I,  U  miles  S.S.W.  of  Connellsville,  and  70  miles  by  rail 
S.  y  K.  of  Pittsburg.  It  contains  a  court-house,  8  brick 
o!: 'chea,  2  rational  banks,  a  state  bank,  a  savings-bank,  2 
nilspiipcr  offices,  a  soldiers' orphan  school,  the  Madison  Col- 
Ici,  2  iron-foundries,  a  planing-mill,  Ac.    P.  in  1880,  3265. 

niontown.  Union  co..  Pa.    See  Cairo. 

iiioiitown,  post-office.  Whitman  co.,  Washington. 

niontown,  a  post-office  )f  Wetzel  co.,  W.  Va. 

nion  Vale,  township,  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.    Pop.  1446. 

iiiou  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Kansas. 

nion  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Nodaway  co..  Mo. 

nion  Valley,  a  village  of  Passaic  co.,  N.J.,  about  20 
Bn  s  N.W.  of  Paterson. 

nion  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cortland  co.,  N.Y., 
ab  t  '.'id  miles  N.  of  Binghamton.     It  has  a  church. 

nion  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Williamson  co.,  Tenn. 

nion  Village,  a  hamlet  of  Johnson  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Ui  >n  township,  about  21  miles  S.  of  Indianapolis. 

nion  Village,  New  York.     See  Gheenwich. 

nion  Village,  a  Shaker  village  in  Turtle  Creek 
to  iship,  Warren  co.,  0.,  4  miles  W.  of  Lebanon.  It  has 
mi  ufactures  of  brooms  and  botanic  medicines,  and  a 
cheh.     Pop.  2.'52. 

nion  Village,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  on 
th  ).  border  of  Thetford  township,  3  miles  from  Pompa- 
no  no  Station,  and  about  38  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rutland.  It 
ha  Ok  church,  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and  marble 
m(jments. 

iiionviIle,yun'yun-vil,  a  post-village  in  Farmington 
toi  ship,  Hartford  co..  Conn.,  on  the  Farmington  River, 
an  in  the  Collinsville  Branch  of  the  New  Haven  <fc  North- 
an  .on  Railroad,  about  14  miles  W.  of  Hartford,  and  34 
mi  I  N.  of  New  Haven.  It  has  4  churches,  and  manufac- 
tui  of  paper,  furniture,  light  hardware,  <fec. 

nionville,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Ga.,  about  40 
mi  I  N.W.  of  Macon. 

[iionville,a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Ind.,  9  miles 
N.  of  Bloomington,  and  about  30  miles  AV.  of  Columbus. 
It  is  2  churches  and  a  tannery. 

nionville,  a  hamlet  of  Ohio  co.,  Ind.,  on  Laughery 
Cru,  about  6  miles  S.W.  of  Aurora. 

[lionville,  a  post-village  in  Udell  township,  Appa- 
no'3  CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Southwest  Branch  of  the  Chicago, 
Ro  Island  A  Pacific  Railroad,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Centre- 
vil  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  fur- 
nit  e,  and  lumber.     Pop.  183.     Coal  is  found  here. 

bionville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  15 
mi  I  E.  of  Frederick  City,  and  36  miles  W.N.W.  of  Balti- 
mo.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  woollen-factory.    Pop.  120. 

1  lionville,  a  post-village  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Akn,  Columbia,  and  Geneva  townships,  21  miles  E.  by  N. 
of  »y  City.  It  has  3  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  planing- 
mi  a  saw-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  about  300. 

liionville,  a  post-village  in  Union  township,  capital 
of  utnam  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Burlington  &  Southwestern 
Ra  oad,  44  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bloomfield,  Iowa,  and  about 
60  lies  N.N.E.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  2  newspaper  offices, 
a  bik,  and  4  churches.     Pop.  in  1880,  772. 

liionville,  a  post-office  of  Lewis  and  Clarke  co., 
JIc  ana. 

liionville,  a  post-village  of  Humboldt  co.,  Nev.,  is  at 
thefistern  base  of  the  Humboldt  Mountain  range,  20  miles 
S.  (^Mill  City,  and  about  108  miles  (direct)  N.E.  of  Vir- 
gin City.  It  has  a  church,  2  quartz-mills,  and  a  silver- 
mii     Pop.  470. 

l^iionville,  a  post-village  of  Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Clajon  township,  on  the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  20  miles  S. 
of  |iuden.     It  has  a  church. 

liionville,  a  hamlet  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  3  miles 
frofllingoes  Station. 

Ijtionvillc,  a  hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  3  miles  from 
Geiian  Valley  Station.     Pop.  about  50. 

lionville,  a  hamlet  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  about  10 
tnilj  S.W.  of  Albany.     The  post-office  is  Union  Church. 

li^ionvillc,  a  hamlet  of  JefTerson  co.,  N.Y.,  4J  miles 
frojAdaras  Centre.     It  has  a  tannery. 

Qionvillc,  a  village  of  Kings  co.,  N.Y.,  at  Gunter's 
Stajin  on  the  Brooklyn,  Bath  A  Coney  Island  Railroad,  12 
mil  E.  of  Brooklyn.     It  has  a  church. 

nionville,  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.    See  North  Parma. 

nionville,    a   post-village    in    Minisink    township, 
Or^e  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  Jersey  Midland  R.ailroad,  14 
milfS.S.W.  of  Middletown.     It  has  3  churches,  a  cheese- 
faofy,  and  a  chair-factory.     Pop.  in  1880,  316. 
169 


Unionville,  a  hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Sangerties 
township,  6  miles  from  Tivoli  Station.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  quarry  of  bluestone. 

Unionville  (Neperan  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of  West- 
chester CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  A  Harlem  Railroad,  29 
miles  N.  of  the  Grand  Central  Depot,  N.Y.  It  has  a  church. 

Unionville,  a  post-village  of  Lakcco.,  0.,  in  Madison 
township,  on  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan  Southern  Rail- 
road, 13  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Painesville,  and  4  miles  from 
Lake  Erie.     It  has  a  tannery  and  a  drug-store. 

Unionville  (Meigsville  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of  Mor- 
gan CO.,  0.,  about  22  miles  N.W.  of  Marietta.  It  has  a 
church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  92. 

Unionville,  a  village  in  Union  township,  Berks  co., 
Pa.,  1  mile  from  the  Philadelphia  A  Reading  Railroad,  and 
15  miles  S.E.  of  Reading.  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  an  iron- 
furnace,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  high  school.  The  name  of  it« 
post-office  is  Brower. 

Unionville,  a  borough  of  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  in  Union 
township,  on  Bald  Eagle  Creek,  and  on  the  Bald  Eagle 
Valley  Railroad,  29  miles  S.W.  of  Lock  Haven,  and  6  miles 
W.  of  Bellefonte.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  tannery,  and  4 
churches.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Fleming.     P.  320. 

Unionville,  a  post-village  in  East  Marlborough  town- 
ship, Chester  co..  Pa.,  9  miles  S.W.  of  West  Chester,  34 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Philadelphia,  and  2  miles  S.  of  the  Wil- 
mington  A  Reading  Railroad.  It  contains  3  churches,  the 
Unionville  Institute,  a  tannery,  a  public  hall,  and  a  public 
library.     Pop.  about  300. 

Unionville,  a  village  in  North  Whitehall  township, 
Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  about  10  miles  N.W.  of  Allentown.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  coach-factory.  Pop.  about  150.  Here  ia 
Neff's  Post-Office. 

Unionville,  South  Carolina.    See  Union. 

Unionville,  a  post-village  of  Bedford  co.,  Tenn.,  12 
miles  N.W.  of  Shelbyville,  and  about  35  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Nashville.  It  has  a  high  school,  2  or  3  churches,  a  steam 
grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  160. 

Unionville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Potomac,  Fredericksburg  A  Piedmont  Railroad,  12  miles 
E.  of  Orange  Court-IIouse.     It  has  a  church. 

Unionville,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
river  Rouge,  20  miles  by  rail  N.  by  E.  of  Toronto.  It 
has  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  6  stores,  and  3  hotels.    P.  250, 

Unionville  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  0., 
on  Darby  Creek,  and  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Colum- 
bus with  Urbana  (Unionville  Station),  22  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Columbus.  It  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  a  grist-mill,  Ac. 
Pop.  about  200. 

Uniop'olis,  a  post-hamlet  of  Auglaize  co.,  0.,  about  10 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Lima.     Pop.  120. 

Unique,  yu-neek',  a  post-office  of  Humboldt  co.,  Iowa. 

Unison,  yu'n^-zpn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va., 
10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Purcellville. 

Unitaria,  yu-n^-ta're-a,  a  hamlet  in  Colesvillo  town- 
ship, Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  5  miles  from  Nineveh  Junction. 

United  States  of  America,  The  (Fr.  Etntn-Um,,, 
i'tlz'-ii^nee';  Port,  and  Sp.  Estados  Unidns,  5s-ti'dos  oo- 
nee'dos  or  5s-ti'D0ce  oo-nee'Doce;  It.  Stnti  Unit!,  sti'tce 
oo-nee'tce;  Ger.  Vereinigte  Staaten  von  Nord- America,  ht~ 
i'nio-t^h  st&'t^n  fon  noRt-&-mSr'e-ki,  less  correctly  Ver- 
einigte  Staaten  simply ;  Dutch,  Vereenigde  Stanten,  f^r-i'- 
niG-d^h  8ti't§n),  a  federal  republic  of  North  America, 
comprising,  exclusive  of  Alaska,  which  lies  entirely  N.  and 
W.  of  the  strict  boundaries,  a  vast  tract  extending  from  the 
Atlantic  to  the  Pacific,  and  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Do- 
minion of  Canada,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  Gulf  and  the  Re- 
public of  Mexico.  At  the  N.E.,  more  than  half  of  Maine 
extends  in  cone-form  into  Canada,  with  New  Brunswick  on 
the  N.E.  and  Quebec  on  the  N.W. ;  thence  the  N.  line  runs 
along  the  45th  parallel  to  the  river  St.  Lawrence ;  thence  a 
lino  intersecting  that  river  and  Lakes  Ontario,  Erie,  Huron, 
and  Superior  forms  the  boundary  to  the  N.E.  point  of  Min- 
nesota, lat.  48°  25'  N.,  Ion.  89°  38'  W.,  whence  the  line  curves 
slightly  northward  to  the  Lake  of  the  Woods,  lat.  49°  24' 
N.,  Ion.  94°  W  ,  and  from  this  lake  W.  the  49th  parallel 
forms  the  N.  boundary  to  the  Gulf  of  Georgia  and  Fuca 
Strait.  At  the  S.B.,  the  peninsula  of  Florida  projects  out 
nearly  400  miles  towards  Cuba,  washed  by  the  Atlantic  on 
the  E.,  and  enclosing  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  on  the  W.  and 
S.W.,  with  the  connecting  Gulf  of  Florida  flowing  past  its 
S.  extremity;  a  small  part  of  Alabama,  passing  the  W.  end 
of  the  mainland  strip  of  Florida,  reaches  the  Gulf;  a  simi- 
lar portion  of  Mississippi,  passing  Louisiana,  along  Pearl 
River,  also  reaches  the  Gulf;  while  Louisiana  has  about 
380  miles  of  coast  to  Sabine  Lake;  and  the  vast  state  of 
Texas,  extending  along  the  N.W.  and  W.  shore  of  the  Gulf 


UNI 


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for  upwards  of  375  miles  to  a  point  at  the  mouth  of  the  Rio 
Grande,  lat.  25°  45'  N.,  has  that  groat  river  for  iu  S.W. 
boundary,  separating  it  from  Mexico,  to  lat.  31°  50'  N., 
where  the  line  leaves  the  river  and  runs  W.  100  miles,  duo 
B.  30  miles,  W.  160  miles,  W.N.W.  about  225  miles  to  the 
Colorado  of  tho  Wc-st,  and  from  Fort  Yuma  W.  to  the  Pacific. 
The  main  British-American  boundary  is  officially  3540 
miles  in  length  (exclusive  of  that  of  Alaska,  which  has  not 
yet  been  dotinitely  established),  and  the  Mexican  1550  miles; 
the  maximum  width,  from  the  N.  extremity  of  Minnesota 


to  the  8.  extremity  of  Texas,  is  about  1600  uiileg-  and! 
length  near  the  42d  parallel  is  al)out  2700  miles.  Tliootil 
of  population  was  long  about  midway  of  the  Atlaniio  f 
board,  but  within  a  generation   tho  West  has  Rrown 
with  such   marvellous   rapidity   that  its  great  iiotiii 
coming  to  the  front  as  the  rivals  in  population  of  the  ol 
states,  Illinois,  as  returned  in  the  census  of  1890,  holj 
third  rank,  Ohio  fourth,  Missouri  fifth,  and  Toxa»'»evoi 
The  relative  growth  of  the  several  states  is  shown  in 
following  table : 


Civil  Divkions. 


ORIOIMAL  STATES. 

New  Hampshlrp 

1Ia88acliU!>ftts 

Ithode  Maud , 

Counecticut , 

New  York , 

New  Ji'rsey 

Ponnsylvania 

Delaware 

Harj'land 

Virginia 

North  Carolina 

8onth  Carolina 

Georgia 


STATES  ADMITTED. 

Kentucky.. 

Vermont 

Ten  nessve 

Maine 

Texas 

West  Virginia 


PtJULIO   LAND   STATES 
AND  TERKIT0BIE8. 

SlaUa. 

Ohio 

J[iOulsiana 

Indiana 

Mi8si88i|ipi 

Illinois 

Alabama 

Missouri 

Arkansas 

Michigan 

ITIorida 

Iowa 

Wisconsin 

CaUrornia. 

Minnesota 

Oregon 

Kansas 

Nevadaf 

Nebraska 

Colorado:]: 

North  IHkota? 

South  Dakota?. 

Washington! 

Montanaf 

Wyoming** 

Idahott 


Territoriet, 

New  Mexico 

Utah... 

Arizonat^ 

OklahomiiJJ... 

Alaska 

Indian  Territory 

District  of  Columbia.., 


Population  in  Successive  Decades,  according  to  the  Census  of  the  Years  named. 


376,530 

,238,94;J 
345,.500 
746,'>58 
,997,85:1 
,444,93:1 
,258,014 
108,493 
,012,390 
,flr)6,980 
,617,947 
,151,149 
,837,363 


l,858,6.^5 
:«2,42i 

1,707,518 
601.086 

2,23.5,523 
762,794 


3,672,316 

1,118,587 

2,192,404 

1,289,000 

3,8^6,351 

1,513,017 

2,679,184 

1,128,179 

2,(»9:»,8H9 

391,422 

1,911,890 

1,686,880 

l,20S,i:iO 

1,301,826 

313,767 

1,427,096 

4.5,701 

1,058,910 

412,198 

182,719 

328,808 

349,390 

132,159 

00,705 

84,385 


1880. 


346,991 

1,783,085 

270,631 

622,700 

6,082,871 

1,131,116 

4,282,891 

140,008 

9:i4,943 

l,512,.5r>5 

l,:i99,750 

995,577 

1,642,180 


1,648,690 
3(2,280 

l,.542,:i59 
648,936 

1,591,749 
618,457 


3,198,002 

939,946 

1,978,301 

1,131,697 

3,077,871 

1,202,505 

2,108,380 

802,525 

1,6:16,937 

209,493 

1,024,015 

1,315,497 

804,094 

780,773 

174,708 

990,096 

62,200 

452,402 

194,327 

I  135,177 

75,116 
39,159 
20,789 
32,610 


119,.565 
143,903 
40,440 

33,426 

No  census 

177,624 


1870. 


318,300 
1,457,351 

217,:».5:t 

637,454 
4,382,759 

906,096 
3,.521,951 

125,015 

780,K94 
1,22.-.,103 
1,071, :161 

7O.%,6()0 
1,184,109 


1,321,011 
3:10,551 

1,258,,520 
626,915 
818,579 
442,014 


2,605,200 

720,915 
l,680,o:i7 

827,9>2 
2,5:19,891 

9'.»0,992 
1,721,295 

484,471 
1,184,0,59 

188,248 
l,194,tV20 
1,054,670 

582,031 

439,706 
90,923 

SGi,:V.)9 
42,491 

122,99:5 
47,164 

14,181 

23,956 
20,595 
9,118 
14,909 


91,879 

80,780 

9,6.>8 

No  census 

No  census 

131,700 


326,073 

1,23I,(«10 
174,020 
400,147 

3,88(i,7;<6 
072,035 

2,90(i,215 
112,210 
687,040 

l,59<i,3l8 
992,022 
705,708 

1,057,280 


1,155,684 
315,098 

1,109,801 
628,279 
604,216 


2,339,611 

708,002 

1,. 350,428 

791,305 

1,711,951 

964,201 

1,182,012 

435,450 

749,113 

140,424 

674,913 

775,881 

379,994 

172,023 

52,405 

107,206 

0,857 

28,841 

34,277 

4,8.37 

11,594 


9,3,516 

40,273 


317,970 
994,614 
147,645 
370,792 

3,097,-394 
489,5,% 

2,311,786 

9l,.53i 

6K3,(«4 

1,421,001 
809,039 
C6S,507 
906,186 


982,405 
:4U,120 
1,002,717 
58,3,lrt9 
212,69: 


1,980,329 
517,762 
988,416 
605,948 
851,470 
771,023 
082,044 
209,897 
397,054 

87,445 
192,214 
305,3al 

92,597 
0,077 

13,294 


61,547 
11.380 


51,687 


1840. 


284,674 
737,699 
108,8:10 
309,978 

2,428,921 
373,:«)C 

1,724,03:1 
78,085 
470,019 

1,239,797 
7,53,419 
594,:i98 
091,392 


779,828 
291,948 
829,210 
601,793 


1,619,467 

352,411 

085,866 

375,051 

470,18:1 

590,750 

38:J,702 

97,574 

212,207 

64,477 

43,112 

30,915 


43,712 


Total 02,840,.536  50,189,209  38,.587,960  .31,443,221  2:1,191,298  17,003,353  12,859,862  9,6:38,421  7,239,781  5,:«)8,:i87' 3,9-29,2« 


209,,328 

610,408 

97,199 

297,075 

1,918,008 
;120,8l'3 

1,348,2:« 

70,748 

447,040 

1,211,40,5 
7:17,987 
681.185 
510.283 


687,917 
280,052 
081,904 
399,455 


937, 
215, 
343, 
136, 
157, 
309, 
140, 
30, 
31, 
34, 


39,834 


1820. 


244,101* 
52,3,287* 

83,050* 
275,248* 
,37i!,812* 
277,57,5* 
,019,458* 

72,749 
407,:i50 
,005,300* 
0;!.'!,K29 
50.!,74l 
340,985 


564,317* 
2,3.'>,9«1* 
422,8l:»* 
298,335* 


681, 
1,53, 
147, 
75, 
55, 
127, 
66 
14, 


434* 

407* 

178 

448 

211* 

901 

580* 

255* 

890* 


33,039 


1810.         1800.        ni 


214,300 
472,mo 
70,931 
201,942 
959,049 

810,0111 
72,074 
380,540 
974,60 ( 
5.'V5,.500 
41.5,115 
252,433 


40C,,511 
217,895 
201,727 
228,706 


230,700 
70,.550 
24,520 
4(I,:J52 
12,282 

20,845 

4,762 


183,762     141, 

422,845     rv 


24,023 


C0i,:i«5 
04,273 
341,518 
SHO.'.IK) 
47h,1(« 
34.'.,59l 
102,686 


220,956 
1,'>4,465 
10.5,601 
151,719 


6,041 
8,850 


14,093 


IM, 

4:t4, 
■''■', 
:!i!i, 

747,. 

:i',i:i, 

2411,1 
8, 


•  In  the  census  of  1820  a  special  ennmeration  was  made  of  inmates  of  almshouses,  asylums,  prisons,  &c.,  who  were  cla-scd  as  "«l 
other  persons,  except  Indians  not  taxed,"  in  the  several  states,  and  our  figures  (marUeil  with  an  a8teri^'k)  include  them:  111*  totiil  ol 
sueh  in  the  country  that  year  was  40:11.  In  1830  and  1840  citizens  in  the  naval  and  marine  service  were  enumerated,  amounting  i( 
18.30  to  0100,  and  in  1840  to  ,5318.  In  1840  there  was  an  error  in  the  enumeration  of  Montgomery  Co.,  Md  ,  and  s  second  couut  adtlw 
787,  which  must  be  added  to  the  population  of  Maryland  as  given  in  the  table,  and  to  tlie  total,  making  it  17,004.140.  , 

t  Nevada  was  organized  by  Act  of  March  2,  1861,  out  of  a  part  of  New  Mexico  and  a  strip  from  California.  Nevada  was  admitted  «i 
a  state  in  1804.  . 

t  Ccilonido  was  organized  as  a  territory  by  Act  of  February  28,  1861,  out  of  parts  of  New  Mexico  and  Utah  ;  admitted  as  a  stale  m  I'l^ 

I  Dakota  was  organized  by  Act  of  March  2,  1861,  out  of  a  part  of  Nebraska;  divided  into  Nortli  Dakota  and  South  Dakota,  «lii'" 
were  admitted  as  states  in  1889 

I  Washington  was  organized  by  Act  of  March  2,  1863,  out  of  a  part  of  Oregon ;  admitted  an  a  state  in  18.''9. 

t  By  Act  of  May  20,  1804,  the  territory  of  Montiina  was  created  out  of  a  part  of  Idalio;  admitted  as  a  state  in  1880 

"*  Wyoming  was  organizi-d  by  Act  of  July  25,  1868,  out  of  parts  of  Utah,  Dakota,  and  Idaho;  admitted  as  a  state  in  1890. 

+t  Idaho  was  organized  by  Act  of  March  :5,  1801,  out  of  a  |»art  of  Wa-hinston ;  admitted  as  a  state  in  1890. 

it  Arizona  was  organized  by  Act  of  February  24,  180:i,  out  of  a  part  of  Western  New  Mexico. 

H  Oklahoma  was  organized  by  Act  of  May  2,  1890,  out  of  a  pai  t  of  Indian  Territory  and  the  Public  Land  Strip. 


The  constitution  provides  for  the  decennial  enumeration 
of  the  residents  of  the  states,  exclusive  of  Indians,  except 
those  who  have  in  recent  years  become  citizens  of  the 
country.  In  the  census  of  1880  the  superintendent  made 
estimates  of  the  number  of  Indians  in  each  state  and  terri- 


tory. In  the  census  of  1890  the  enumeration  of  all  persons 
in  Indian  Territory  is  practically  complete,  making  the 
population  ]8fi,490.  By  adding  this  and  the  n"™]**"'  ",' 
Indians  not  counted  in  the  other  civil  division?,  130,54  , 
the  total  population  for  1890  is  62,971,081.    The  greater 


UNI 


2683 


tjNi 


■p)  wrtion  by  far  of  the  original  European  f ottlers  of  the 
U|ted  States  came  from  the  British  Isles;  and  the  English 
is)most  everywhere  the  prevailing  language.  The  Dutch 
aij  German  elements  of  colonial  New  York  were  slow  in 
acpting  the  English  language,  and  some  of  the  de- 
sc^dants  of  the  Dutch  settlers,  especially  in  rural  districts, 
inie  use  of  a  Dutch  patois  up  to  a  very  recent  date.  In 
P^nsylvania  large  numbers  of  the  people  still  use  a 
(jMian  dialect,  closely  kindred  to  that  of  the  Upper 
Epe  districts  of  the  fatherland.  The  recent  extensive 
iuiigration  of  German-speaking  people  has  greatly  in- 
crisod  the  use  of  their  tongue  in  almost  all  parts  of  the 
colitry;  but  the  Germans  of  the  later  immigration  are 
raidly  Americanized,  especially  in  the  towns,  where  all 
leb  to  use  the  English  language.  The  French  language 
ptfails  in  a  large  part  of  Louisiana ;  and  ever  since  the 
oobial  period  there  has  been  a  small  French-speaking 
oo|munity  in  the  northeast  of  Maine.  There  has  been 
ofjvte  a  great  influx  of  hardy  and  industrious  French 
CiAdians  into  the  country,  of  whom  complaint  has  been 
mie  that  they  do  not  assimilate  themselves  to  American 
wiIb,  a  considerable  proportion  returning  after  a  time  to 
th!r  native  country.  The  Spanish  language  is  spoken  in 
Sctbern  Florida,  and  by  many  natives  of  New  Mexico, 
A|ona,  and  the  adjacent  regions.  The  later  European 
ittiigration  has  been  very  largely  of  Irish,  Germans, 
Eijlish,  Scandinavians,  Italians,  and  Poles.  The  Scan- 
dikvian  element  is  particularly  strong  in  the  northern 
pnl  of  the  Mississippi  Valley.  Newspapers  are  issued 
inperman,  French,  Scandinavian,  Spanish,  Czech,  Dutch, 
Wish,  Finnish,  Italian,  Portuguese,  Hungarian,  Basque, 
Irji,  and  Chinese,  and  in  one  or  two  of  the  native  Indian 
la'uages.  Other  peoples  having  a  small  recent  represen- 
taiin  among  immigrants  are  Icelanders,  Lapps,  Serbs, 
B(|manians,  Greeks,  Armenians,  Malays,  and  Polynesians. 
TljAfrican  race  is  very  liberally  represented  ;  there  were  in 
18f  more  than  6,o00,,000  persons  of  pure  or  mixed  African 
lefent.  These  are  all  descendants  of  slaves.  The  African 
sea  of  the  slave-trade  was  principally  the  intertropical 
pa  of  the  West  Coast ;  but  many  slaves  were  at  one 
til:  brought  from  Eastern  Africa,  and  even  from  Mada- 
gaar,  where  the  native  population  is  of  Malayan  rather 
th  African  stock.  As  a  consequence  the  American  negro 
ra  is  of  a  highly  complex  origin,  nearly  every  African 
co:i  tribe  having  contributed  to  the  original  stock.  The 
prjant  status  of  the  American  negro  is  one  of  transition. 
M|ked  off  by  the  hand  of  nature  from  the  rest  of  the 
peile,  and  still  more  positively  assigned  by  popular 
prjidice  to  the  position  of  an  inferior  caste,  the  negro 
ra^l  in  America  is  heavily  handicapped  in  the  contest  for 
lifjmd  progress.  From  the  nature  of  things,  the  assimi- 
lat'n  of  this  race  to  the  whites  takes  place  chiefly  among 
thJlowest  of  both  colors.  The  unhappy  position  of  the 
Arrican  negro  is  everywhere  acknowledged,  and  generous 
hujanitarian  eS'orts  are  being  made  for  his  relief  and 
el«|ition  in  intelligence  and  manhood. 

lie  aggregate  area  of  the  states  and  territories,  exelu- 
ei\jof  Alaska,  is  8,024,880  square  miles,  to  which  should 
bejdded  720  square  miles  for  coast-waters  not  included 
wiSn  any  state  boundary,  making  the  total  area  of  the 
XJricd  States  proper  3,025,600  square  miles.  The  area 
of  ilaska  is  estimated  in  the  eleventh  census  at  570,000 
gqiire  miles.  The  states  of  the  Union  have  been  variously 
gr<lped  for  difl°erent  purposes,  as  the  New  England  States, 
thijMiddle  States,  the  Gulf  States,  Ac,  the  Northern 
Stibs,  the  Southern  States,  &o.,  the  Atlantic  States,  the 
Patec  States,  <fec.,  and  otherwise,  but  for  the  purpose  of 
expiting  the  details  of  area  the  civil  divisions  have 
beij  arranged  as  above, — the  Thirteen  Original  States,  the 
Sti(3  Admitted  (i.e.,  those  that  were  not  organized  ter- 
rities  previous  to  their  organization  as  states),  and  the 
Puio  Land  States,  or  those  that  have  been  formed  out  of 
thoublic  lands  of  the  United  States,  first  being  organized 
nnir  territorial  governments,  and  later  into  states.  It 
mi.  be  borne  in  mind,  however,  in  making  any  comparison 
of  »e  areas,  Ac.,  especially  of  "  the  Thirteen  Originals," 
thi  gome  of  the  younger  members  of  the  Union  were 
foiled  out  of  portions  of  the  older  slates,  as  Kentucky 
oulif  Virginia,  Maine  out  of  Massachusetts,  Vermont  out 
of  iirritory  claimed  by  both  New  York  and  New  llamp- 
shji,  and,  more  recently,  West  Virginia  out  of  Virginia,  of 
wbh  it  was  an  integral  part  until  the  last  day  of  1862. 
In^ie  following  table  we  give  the  states  and  territories; 
in  ^e  second  column,  opposite  the  Land  States,  are  the 
dab  of  the  passage  of  the  respective  acts  organizing  them 
unjir  territorial  government;  in  the  third  column,  opposite 
thif  hirteen  Original  States,  the  year  in  which  each  rati- 


fied the  national  constitution,  and  opposite  the  rest  the 
date  of  the  admission  of  each  as  a  state  of  the  Union ;  in' 
the  fourth  and  fifth  columns,  the  area  of  each  state  and 
territory  in  square  miles,  the  fifth  column  showing  the  full 
area,  including  both  land  and  water  surfaces. 


Civil  Divisions. 


OBtCilNAL  STATES. 

New  Hampshire.. 

Mnssachnsetts 

lihudo  lulaiid 

CoiiMPcticut. 

New  York 

Now  Jersey 

I'eniisylvauia 

Delaware 

Jlarjland 

Virginia 

North  Carolina..., 
South  Carolina..., 
Georgia , 


STATES   ADMITTED. 

Kentucky 

Vermont 

Tennessee 

Maine 

T«.\as 

West  Virginia 


pi:bmc  l,^nd 
states  and 
terhitories. 

StaUt. 

Ohio 

Louisiana 

Indiana 

Mississippi 

Illinois 

.Mabiima 

Miesuuri 

Arkansas 

MicliiKan 

Florida 

Iowa 

Wisconsin 

California 

Minne8ot.a 

Oregon „ 

Kansas 

Nevada 

NeliraslCH 

Colorado 

North  Dakota...  f 
South  Dakota....  \ 

Washington 

Montana 

Idaho 

Wyoming 


Act  organiz- 
ing Terri- 
tory. 


July  13, 

Mar.  3, 
May  7, 
.\l)r.  7, 
Feb.  3, 
Mar.  3, 
.luno  4, 
Mar.  2, 
.Ian.  II, 
Mar.  30, 
June  It, 
Apr.  20, 


1787 
18115 
1800 
1798 
1809 
1817 
181i 
1819 
1805 
1822 
1838 
1836 


Terriloriei. 

New  Mexico 

Utah 

Arizona 

Oklahoma 

Alaska 

Indian  Territory.. 

District  of   Co-f 

lumtiia \ 


Total. 


Mar.  3, 
Aug.  14, 
May  30, 
Mar.  2, 
May  30, 
Feb.  28, 
JIar.  2, 
Mar.  2, 
Mar.  2, 
May  20, 
Mur.  3, 
July  25, 


1849 
1848 
1854 
1861 
1854 
1861 
1861 
1861 
18.i3 
1864 
1863 
1868 


Act   admit- 
ting Slate. 


Sept.  QilS-W 
Sept.  9,18.50 
Feb.  24, 1863 
May  '.^,1890 
July  27, 1868 


July  16,1790 
Mar.  3, 1791 


June  21, 1788 
Feb.  6,1788 
May  29, 1790 
Jan.  0, 1788 
July  26,17(<8 
Dec.  18,1787 
Dec.  12,1787 
Dec.  7, 1787 
Apr.  28, 1788 
June  20, 1788 
Nov.  21, 1789 
May  23, 1788 
Jan.    2,1788 


Feb.  4,1791 
Feb.  18,1791 
June  1,1796 
Mar.  3,18'20 
Dec.  29, 1845 
Dec.  31,1802 


Apr.  30, 1802 
Apr.  8, 1812 
Deo.  11, 1816 
Dec.  10,1817 
Dec.  3,1818 
Dec.  14,1819 
Mar.  2,  1821 
June  15, 1836 
Jan.  26, 1837 
Mar.  3,1845 
Mar.  3,1845 
Mar.  3,1847 
Sept.  9,1850 
Feb.  26,1857 
Feb.  14, 1859 
Jan.  29,  1861 
Mar.  21, 1864 
Feb.  9, 1807 
Mar.  3,1875 
Feb.  22, 1889 
Feb.  22, 1889 
Feb.  22, 1889 
Feb.  22, 1889 
July  2,  1890 
July  11, 1890 


Area  in  sq.  miles. 


Land 
area. 


9,005 

8,040 

1,085 

4,84 

47,620 

7,45(; 

44,985 

1,960 

9,800 

40,1  ^ 

48,580 

30,170 

58,980 


40,000 
9,135 
41,750 
29,895 
26:.',290 
24,045 


40,700 
45,420 
35,910 
46,340 
56,000 
51,540 
68,735 
63,045 
57,430 
64,240 
55,475 
54,450 

155,980 
79,205 
94,560 
81,700 

109,740 
76,840 

103,645 
70,195 
76,850 
66,880 

145,310 
84,290 
97,575 


122,460 
82,190 

112,920 
38,830 


31,000 


Total 
area. 


9,30S 

8,315 

1,250 

4,990 

49,170 

7,81.'> 

45,21.^ 

2,050 

12,210 

42,450  ■ 

52,250' 

30,570 ' 

69,475 


40,400 
9,565 
42,050 
33,040 
265,780 
24,780 


41,060 

48,720 
36,350 
46,810 
56,650 
52,250 
69,415 
63,8.50 
58,915 
58,680 
66,02.') 
5(i,040 

158,360 
83.365 
90,030 
8l',080 

110,700 
77,510 

103,925 
70,"9r> 
77,6.50 
69,180 

146,080 
84,800 
97,890 


122,880 
84,970  I 

113,020 
39,030 

570,000 
31,400    ■ 

70    . 


2,970,0001  3,594,880 


Physical  Characteristics. — Extending  from  25°  N.  of  tho 
equator  to  49°,  and  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific,  the 
United  States  possesses,  of  course,  great  diversity  and  va- 
riety in  the  jdiysical  aspects,  soil,  and  climate,  and  conse- 
quently in  the  relative  salubrity,  the  mineral  resources,  the 
indigenous  flora  and  fauna,  and  the  agricultural  possibili- 
ties and  products,  of  its  several  parts  or  sections.  Tho 
country  may  be  considered  as  naturally  divided  into  three 
parts  by  the  Mississippi  River  and  by  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
of  which  the  former  rises  in  Minnesota,  not  far  S.  of  the 
N.  boundary,  and  flows  southward  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico, 
and  the  latter  extend  across  the  entire  territory  from  Mex- 
ico into  and  across  British  America  (Canada)  to  the  Arctic 
Ocean.  The  Valley  of  the  Mississippi  in  its  N.  portion,  on 
both  sides  of  the  river,  is  mostly  prairie,  in  some  parts  quite 
level,  generally  rolling  ;  but  S.  of  the  Missouri  on  the  W. 
and  of  tho  Ohio  on  the  E.  the  surface  is  more  varied. 
There  are  numerous  hilly  tracts,  while  the  level  tracts  art 


UNI 


2G84 


UNI 


often  swnmpy  near  the  largo  rivers.  Tbo  district  is  in 
general  liberally  timbered.  Nortb  of  the  E.  division 
lie  the  gront  lakes,  Lakes  Superior,  Huron,  Erie,  and 
Qntario  Ibriuing  in  part  ihe  boundary,  and  Luke  Mich- 
igan being  entirely  within  the  area  of  the  United  States. 
£.  of  the  lakes  there  are  many  hills  and  mountains,  but 
the  highest  of  these  (Mount  Washington)  is  only  6288  feet 
above  ocean-level.  This  is  one  of  the  White  Mountains, 
which  form  a  part  of  the  first  or  N.  section  of  the  Appala- 
chian system,  which  continues  southwestward  through  Ver- 
mont, Massachusetts,  New  York,  Pennsylvania.  Maryland, 
Virginia,  West  Virginia,  North  Carolina,  Georgia,  and 
Alabama,  with  numerous  spurs  and  chains,  not  of  the  main 
range,  but  regarded  as  part  of  the  system.  The  spurs  and 
chains  are  designated  by  distinctive  names,  while  the  main 
range  is  known  as  the  Alleghany  Mountains  in  Pennsylva- 
nia, Maryland,  Virginia,  West  Virginia,  and  North  t'uro- 
linn.  A  remarkable  parallelism  is  observable  in  the  general 
course  of  many  of  the  ranges  of  this  system.  The  high- 
est peak  of  the  Appalachians  is  in  North  Carolina,  and 
reaches  an  altitude  of  6688  feet.  This  is  the  highest 
point  E.  of  the  Mississippi.  Southward  of  Stnten  Island 
t)io  Atlantic  coast  is  mostly  low  and  flat,  and  the  coast- 
line is  somewhat  irregular,  having  many  more  or  less  ex- 
tended inlets  <and  some  remarkable  peninsular  formations. 
The  Eastern  and  Southern  coasts  together  form  the  most 
e;ctensivo  range  of  low  and  sandy  sea-line  anywhere  known. 
The  Gulf  coast  is  somewhat  irregular,  with  u  large  number 
of  bays,  some  quite  small,  but  others  large  and  important; 
most  of  them  are  merely  coast-lagoons  shut  in  by  sand- 
ebits.  Good  harbors  abound  on  the  Atlantic  side;  while 
tnere  are  many  reefs  and  keys  off  the  Gulf  coast.  The 
Pacific  coast  is  generally  high  and  rocky,  with  but  few  safe 
harbors.  The  extensive  inlet  of  Puget  Sound  in  the  N.W. 
and  the  Bay  of  San  Francisco  arc  the  princi|ial  indenta- 
tions of  the  Pacific  coast-line.  Along  the  New  England 
coast  there  are  a  number  of  coast-islands,  of  which  the 
largest  is  Mt.  Desert  Island  in  Maine.  Long  Island  and 
fitaten  Island  belong  to  New  York.  The  "sea  islands," 
noted  for  their  fine  cotton,  belong  to  South  Carolina  and 
Georgia,  and  the  Florida  Keys  and  the  Dry  Tortugas  to 
Florida.  Most  of  the  other  Atlantic  and  Gulf  islands  are 
wave-formed  spits  of  sand,  of  which  Galveston,  Matagorda, 
Brazos,  and  Padre  Islands,  in  Texas,  are  among  the  most 
remarkable.  Off  th6  Louit^iana  coast  there  are  many  islets, 
of  which  we  may  mention  the  Chandeleur  group,  named 
from  the  dense  growth  of  candleberry  myrtles  (Myrica 
eeri'/era).  On  the  Pacific  side  are  the  Santa  Barbara  and 
San  Juan  Islands,  besides  the  numerous  Alaskan  groups. 
Among  these  are  the  Alexander  Archipelago,  Kadiak,  the 
Aleutian  chain,  and  the  Pribylov  and  Shumngin  Islands. 

Outside  the  proper  limits  of  the  United  States,  yet  to 
fiome  extent  under  the  American  flag,  are  certain  guano- 
islands  of  the  Central  Pacific.  Some  of  these  lie  N.  and 
some  S.  of  the  equator.  They  lie  chiefly  in  the  Central 
Polynesian,  Phoenix,  and  Manihiki  Archipelagoes,  which 
have  by  some  German  geographers  been  classed  together 
as  "  American  Polynesia."  Those  islands  in  this  region 
which  are  considered  to  be  under  the  American  flag  are 
all  small,  dry,  and  destitute  of  permanent  inhabitants,  a 
highly  phosphatic  guano  being  their  only  production  of 
Importance.  Navassa  and  one  or  two  other  guano-islets 
in  the  West  Indies  are  also  temporarily  under  the  Ameri- 
can flag. 

The  first  or  eastern  division  of  the  country  (that  E.  of 
th'e  Mississippi)  is  by  far  the  most  populous  and  wealthy, 
including  most  of  the  great  manufacturing  centres,  and  all 
th'e  chief  seaports,  except  San  Francisco, — all  the  consider- 
able ports,  indeed,  except  San  Francisco,  Galveston,  Puget 
Sound,  and  San  Diego.  This  division  is  watered  and 
drained  by  the  great  lakes  on  the  N.  and  by  many  rivers, 
among  which  the  more  important  are  the  St.  Lawrence, 
bounding  it  for  some  distance  N.E.  of  Lake  Ontario,  and  the 
Mississippi  on  the  W. ;  the  Penobscot,  Kennebec,  Connec- 
ticut, Hudson,  Delaware,  Susquehanna,  Ohio  (with  its 
originals  the  Alleghany  and  the  Monongahela,  lind  its 
chief  affluents,  the  Kanawha,  Scioto,  Miami,  Kentucky, 
Wabash,  Cumberland,  and  Tennessee),  Potomac,  James, 
Roanoke,  Pedec,  Santee,  Savannah,  Altamaha,  St.  John's, 
Chattahoochee,  Alabama,  Mobile,  and  Pearl. 

The  second  or  middle  division  comprises  one  of  the  best 
farming-regions  of  the  world,  while  a  considerable  part  of 
what  is  not  capable  of  yielding  large  returns  to  the  hus- 
bandman offers  the  miner  rich  stores  of  gold,  silver,  copper, 
cine,  and  other  valuable  minerals;  and  a  fair  quality  of 
coal  is  abundant  in  some  localities.  The  other  advantages 
of  this  division  are  materially  enhanced  by  a  generally 


delightful  and  salubrious  climate:  even  the  colder  rrel 
of  Dakota  and  Montana,  and  the  wanner  of  New  .M^l' 
and  Texas,  are  rendered  always  healthful  and  tolcriiblir* 
not  actually  genial  at  some  seasons,  by  the  dryness  ot  1 
atmosphere  and  the  infrequenoy  of  excensivcly  jiver.l' 
tirolonged  inclement  weather.     Though  still  spurifely  l 
habited,  this  section  is  rapidly  growing  in  pi)))uluii(,ii 
incomers   being,  as  a  rule,  of    the  hardy,  cnergctio,  '| 
thrifty  classes  of  settlers  from  the  older  state*,  with  n  i,! 
admixture  of  the  more  industrious  and  otiierwiso  dc-ir; 
of  the  immigrants  from  foreign  climes.     From  tliu  .M,i 
sippi  Valley  westward  indications  are  soon  obscrvetl  <a  ., 
proximity  of    the  Uocky  Mountain  syftein,  though    ' 
braska  and  Kansas,  and  oven  Dakota  an<l  Toxa«  in  riI 
part,  are  rather  level,  with  such  slight  elevations  and  I 
pressions  as  characterize  a  prairie  country,  the  occaiic' 
occurrence  of  hilly  or  mountainous  tracts  abd  exlcnti 
forests  varying  the  vast  prairie  and  pasture  nrtat.     ! 
the  W.  part  of  Texas,  all  of  New  Mexico  and  Coloni' 
nearly  all  of  Wyoming,  and  the  W,  jyart  of  Montjina.  ' 
occupied  by  the  main  ranges  of  the  Kocky  MountainK,  «' 
the  great  valleys   and   canons   and   the  nuincroua  i>|/ 
and  chains  of  that  vast  system.     This  division  is  wntc 
and  drained  by  a  great  number  of  rivers,  among  which 
most  notable  are  the  Micsissippi,  forming  its  K.  bounda 
and  the  llio  Grande,  its  S.W.  boundary  ;  the  Missouri  (w 
its  dozen  important  tributaries,  the  Maria's,  Milk,  Yelk 
stone.  White  Earth,  Little    Missouri,  Cheyenne,  Liikc 
Niobrara,  Sioux,  Platte,  Kansas,  and  Osage),  the  Arknii- 
and  the  lied,  the  three  great  western  affluents  of  the  M 
sissippi ;    the  Sabine   (and    its  affluent   the   Necbcii),  t 
Trinity,  the  Brazos,  and  the  Colorado  of  Texof,  flo»i 
into  the  Gulf;  and  the  Pecos,  flowing  into  the  Rio  Gmti' 
The  third  or  western  division  includes  the  states  nml  t 
ritories  of  the  Pacific  slope.    With  the  exception  of  Knni; 
Prairie  in  Idaho  and  a  number  of  less  extended  prair 
tracts,  the  surface  is  more  or  less  mountiiinous  througi 
out,  with  numerous  elevated  plateaus,  some  of  them 
considerable  area,  very  many  marvellous  canons,  and' 
variety  of  soil  and  climate  as  great  as  can  be  found 
the  same  extent  of   territory   in  any  other  part  of  t 
world;  but  with  all  the  variety  there  is  no  more  health- 
or  otherwise  more  desirable  region  upon  the  globe, 
the  possession  of  natural  wealth  in  mountains  and  strcnn 
in  the  exhaustless  stores  of  gold,  silver,  copper,  lend,  biii:i 
sulphur,  soda,  potash-salts,  rock-salt,  arsenic,  marble,  gru 
ite,  alabaster,  slate,  lignite,  Ac,  the  Pacific  slope  is  uj 
rivalled  by  any  locality,  while  in  many  districts  the  agr 
cultural  products  have  been  profuse  beyond  what  a  lill 
outlay  of  money  and  labor  secures  elsewhere.    Besides  t' 
Rocky  Mountains  and  the  spurs  and  chains  belongin<; 
their  system,  there  are  many  separate,  some  quite  isoliitei 
mountains,  and  an  extensive  mountain-system  near  tl 
coast,  including  two  great  ranges,  the  Sierra  Nevada  an 
the  Cascade  Range,  from  80  to  150  miles  inland,  and  tb 
Coast  Ranges.     The  Salmon  River  Mountains,  stretchin 
west-northwestward   from    the   Rocky    Mountains  to  tb 
boundary  of  Idaho  and  Oregon,  nearly  connect  with  th 
Blue  Mountains,  which  branch  off  northeastward  from  th 
Cascade  Mountains,  thus  almost  uniting  the  two  system! 
but  below,  in  Nevada  and  Utah,  the  two  Humboldt  Range* 
the  Wahsatch  Range,  and  many  minor  lines  of  mountain 
trend   N.  and  S.,  not  generally  connecting  directly  witi 
either  of  the  great  systems.     The  Cascade  has  been  con 
sidered  a  continuation   northward   of  the  Coast  Range 
although  a  chain  extends  from  the  Sierra  Nevada  to  th( 
California  branch  of  the  Cascade  Mountains.     In  reftlitj 
the  Coast  and  Cascade  Ranges  are  pretty  thoroughly  market 
off  as  two  ranges  throughout  nearly  their  whole  conrw 
Far  to  the  N.  the  Cascade  Range  seems  to  become  the  meii 
chain  of  the  whole  Western  mountain  system.    The  Siern] 
Nevada  and  the  Cascade  Ranges  are  continuous  topographi- 
cally, but  geologically  and  structurally  they  differ.    Tbt 
Sierras  consist  of  granite  and  metamorphic  rock,  while  tbt 
Cascade  Range  is  volcanic.     The  Coast  Ranges  are  of  moM 
recent  formation.     Among  the  great  rivers  of  this  division 
the  chief  are  the  Colorsido  of  the  West  (with  its  originali 
the  Grand  and  Green,  and  its  tributaries,  the  Rio  de  San 
Juan,  Virgen,  and  Gila),  Sacramento,  Klamath,  and  Co- 
lumbia (with  its  afiSuents,  Clarke's  Fork,  Okanagon,  Snake, 
and    Willamette).     The   Great   Salt   Lake,    Utah,  is  the 
largest  body  of  water  in  this  division  ;  there  are  a  number 
of  smaller  lakes,   of  which  Tulare  is  about  650  square 
miles  and  Mono  about  100  square  miles  in  extent.    At  the 
N.W.  corner,  Puget  Sound,  a  large  lake,  with  Admiralty 
Inlet,  a  deep  open  channel  connecting  it  with  the  Strait  of 
Juan  de  Fuoa  and  by  this  with  the  Pacific,  is  an  exceed- 


UNI 


2685 


UN'I 


ii  ly  important  body  of  water,  affording  Washington  com- 
nrcial  facilities  wiiich  will  in  time  make  it  a  great  trade 
c  tre.  N.W.  of  Wasliington,  and  separated  from  it  by 
litish  Columbia,  lies  Alaska,  belonging  to,  though  not 
g  graphically  a  part  of,  the  United  States.  The  nearest 
pbt  is  more  than  450  miles,  while  the  nearest  point  of  the 
i^nland  (exclusive  of  a  narrow  coastal  strip  in  the  south- 
eft)  is  twice  that  distance,  from  the  United  States  proper. 
Jjr  the  characteristics  of  Alaska,  see  Alaska. 
peo/oj/y.  Flora,  and  Fauna. — In  its  geological  character 
til  entire  territory  of  the  United  States  is  naturally  divided 
iij)  two  unequal  parts  by  the  main  range  of  the  Rocky 
Mintain  system,  ihe  one  comprising  the  range  and  ex- 
tiiling  westward  to  the  Pacific,  and  the  other  including 
tlj  remainder,  from  the  eastern  base  of  the  range  to  the 
Afintic,  though  there  is  a  perceptible  change  in  the  gen- 
el  character  of  the  latter  along  the  line  of  the  Appalachian 
8;tum,  so  that  the  main  range  and  the  region  eastward  of 
ii^ight  to  some  extent  be  regarded  as  a  third  division. 
I^  valley  of  the  Mississippi  presents  some  features  in  the 
psence  of  certjiin  formations  and  in  the  distribution  of  its 
eiteral  strata  which  are  somewhat  different  and  distinctive 
fita  the  Appalachian  and  Eastern  Coast  region,  though  they 
a  not  so  pronounced  as  to  forbid  the  usual  division  by 
gilogists  as  given  above.  The  Rocky  Mountains  are  in- 
cied  in  the  Pacific  Coast  division,  not  arbitrarily,  but 
bhuse  the  more  characteristic  peculiarities  of  the  geology 
olhe  mountain-system  are  found  to  be  influential  in  that 
jiision  much  more  than  in  the  other.  The  geology  of 
tl|  United  States  affords  too  extensive  a  subject  for  detailed 
nScc,  and  we  enter  into  it  at  sufficient  length  in  articles 
othe  several  states  and  territories,  with  but  a  few  general 
nts  here.  The  base  of  the  two  divisions  consists  of  crystal- 
lis  rocks  of  the  eozoie,  overlaid  in  great  part  by  palaeozoic 
BiUa,  and  in  both  divisions  these  hold  much  the  same  or- 
gl.ic  forms,  although  very  different  lithologically.  Those  of 
tl'W.  are  largely  limestone,  with  an  important  proportion 
oiormations  of  the  Carboniferous  age ;  the  region  abounds 
ii,more  recent  rocks  of  the  newer  secondary  and  tertiary 
pSods,  with  extensive  deposits  of  coal  and  a  large  variety 
ok-emains  of  vertebrates :  there  are  also  indications  of 
vbanic  action,  the  strata  being  faulted,  eroded,  and  broken 
ulto  an  extent  entirely  unknown  E.  of  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tihs.  The  chief  volcanic  indications  are  N.  of  the  39ih 
plallel  to  about  the  48th,  and  within  a  narrow  strip  between 
tH2lstand  123d  meridians,  spreading  at  lat.  45i°-48°  N. 
eitward  to  a  little  E.  of  Ion.  117°  W.,  then  following  the 
I|e  Mountains  southward,  in  a  wider  strip,  to  about  lat. 
4,  N.,  with  an  arm  reaching  eastward  to  a  point  at  Ion. 
r°  W.  Besides  this  extended  volcanic  area,  there  are 
8i|ie  isolated  localities  in  New  Mexico  and  Arizona  where 
tlve  are  similar  disturbances  of  the  strata.  East  of  the 
Ifiky  Mountain  system  there  are  fewer  signs  of  volcanic 
a'on,  but  the  tract  is  mostly  occupied  by  a  vast  basin  of 
ptoozoic  rocks,  in  which  are  represented  all  its  great 
ctses, — the  Cambrian,  Silurian,  Devonian,  and  Carbon- 
ifous, — locally  distinguished  by  distinctive  organic  re- 
nins, and  accordingly  designated  by  various  sub-names. 
TH  palaBozoic  formations  vary  greatly  in  thickness,  from 
aut  4000  feet  in  the  Mississippi  Valley  to  an  estimated 
dth  of  40,000  to  both  the  N.  and  the  E.;  in  the  thinner 
pts  many  of  the  important  formations  are  entirely  want- 
iH  and  others  are  sparsely  found.  East  of  the  Alleghanies 
tl|  strata  are  much  disturbed  by  folds,  with  frequent  ero- 
Bi^s,  and  just  beyond  this,  eastward,  is  a  belt  of  crystal- 
Hi  rocks  forming  the  eastern  rim  of  the  basin.  In  the 
njthern  parts  of  this  eastern  slope  is  found  a  considerable 
a|>unt  of  the  so-called  Drift  formation  overlying  the 
rijular  strata.  The  floor  of  the  Appalachian  Valley  con- 
sis  largely  of  folded  palncozoic  rocks,  and  portions  of  it  are 
fcjnd  elsewhere;  but  the  strata  of  the  greater  part  of  the 
bin  are  regular  and  almost  uniformly  horizontal.  But 
s<;the  articles  on  the  states  and  territories,  the  niountains, 
A',  for  the  distinctive  geological  characteristics  of  the 
vSous  sections  of  the  United  States.  This  portion  of 
KHh  America  would  appear  to  have  had  in  prehistoric 
tiles  a  singularly  rich  development  of  mammalian  life. 
Xe  Edentate  animals,  now  chiefly  found  in  South  America, 
Alica,  and  the  warmer  parts  of  Asia,  have  left  abundant 
r<'c3  of  their  former  life  in  this  country,  which  would 
itteed  appear  to  have  been  once  their  principal  habitat. 
Ti!  interesting  group  of  the  enormous  Amblypod  mammals, 
Ic^  since  extinct,  have  left  in  the  eocene  deposits  rich 
ai  instructive  relics  of  their  former  extensive  prevalence. 
T;)  abundance  of  the  remains  of  fossil  horses  of  various 
BjSies,  and  of  other  allied  forms,  has  led  geologists  to 
ti;  opinion  that  the  New  World  was  indeed  the  original 


habitat  of  the  horse  family,  although  no  animal  of  that 
family  was  living  on  this  continent  at  the  time  of  ita 
discovery  by  Columbus.  Animals  of  the  camel,  rhinoceros, 
elephant,  and  other  Old-World  families  have  also  left  their 
fossil  remains  in  singular  abundance  in  various  parts  of 
the  country.  Mention  should  be  made  of  the  wonderful 
remains  of  toothed  birds  found  in  the  region  of  the  Great 
Plains,  and  of  the  abundance  of  the  relics  of  tortoises, 
snakes,  and  other  reptilians  in  the  same  regions.  In  some 
places  the  deposits  of  fossilized  relics  of  animal  life, 
chiefly  of  the  bones  and  other  relics  of  extinct  vertebrate 
species,  are  so  abundant  that  their  systematic  conversion 
into  commercial  fertilizers  has  been  seriously  proposed. 
Here  occur  the  bones  of  the  huge  TitanotkeHiim,  a  kind  of 
hornless  rhinoceros;  of  various  swine-liko  ruminants;  of 
the  formidable  Hyanodon  ;  and  of  the  Drepanodon,  or 
sabre-  oothed  tiger.  In  the  rocks  beneath  the  beds  of 
the  tertiary  coals  of  this  region  are  found  countless  im- 
pressions of  the  leaves  of  poplars,  lindens,  and  plane-trees 
of  species  long  since  extinct,  and  of  other  trees  and 
plants  belonging  to  genera  not  now  found  native  to  thia 
continent. 

An  interesting  feature  in  the  physical  geography  and 
geology  of  the  western  half  of  the  United  States  is  the 
presence  of  large  tracts  of  what  are  called  Bad  Lands 
by  settlers,  the  Mativaises  Terres  of  the  French-speaking 
voyageurs,  and  the  mal  pais  of  the  Mexican  frontier. 
These  names  are  applied  locally  to  desert  tracts  of  various 
character,  but  chiefly  to  regions  where  the  surface  is 
covered  with  broken  rock-masses  of  wonderful  variety  of 
form  and  arrangement.  These  regions  are  often  singularly 
rich  in  fossil  remains,  and  in  some  parts  beds  of  good 
tertiary  coal  or  lignite  are  extensively  exposed.  In  others 
the  lignites,  having  been  fired  apparently  as  a  result  ojT 
spontaneous  combustion,  have  fused  or  otherwise  meta- 
morphosed the  superincumbent  strata.  Mention  should  here 
be  made  of  the  National  Park  in  the  upper  valley  of  the 
Yellowstone  River,  with  its  wonderful  geysers  or  spout- 
ing hot  mineral  springs,  the  most  remarkable  of  their 
class  to  be  found  anywhere;  of  the  sublime  scenery  of  the 
Yosemite  Valley  of  California;  and  of  the  Colorado  River 
of  the  West,  with  its  marvellous  canons.  The  lava-fields, 
elsewhere  noticed  in  this  article,  attain  their  widest  and 
most  characteristic  development  in  Southern  and  Eastern 
Oregon,  where  they  form  a  vast  plateau,  rocky  and  terribly 
sterile,  having  few  lakes  and  streams.  The  scanty  vegeta- 
tion serves  to  feed  great  numbers  of  deer,  the  pursuit  of 
which  is  almost  the  only  attraction  the  region  offers  to  man. 

The  irregularity  of  isothermal  lines  in  the  United  States, 
to  be  noticed  below,  not  only  affects  the  health-lines  for 
human  life,  and  in  connection  with  the  various  soils 
makes  it  impossible  to  designate  localities  adapted  to  the 
various  branches  of  agriculture  by  parallels  and  meridians, 
but  also  occasions  a  certain  irregularity  in  the  distributioi;i 
of  indigenous  flora  and  fauna;  although,  considering  the 
great  area  of  the  country  E.  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  the 
comparative  uniformity  of  its  native  fauna  and  flora  is 
remarkable.  Many  of  the  plant-species  of  the  Atlantip 
region  are  remarkable  for  an  extensive  North-and-South 
range,  notwithstanding  diversities  of  climate.  The  Pacifio 
slope  has  a  distinctly  characteristic  flora.  That  of  the  E. 
has  many  Eastern  Asiatic  and  some  Western  European 
analogies.  In  general  terms  it  may  be  stated  that  the  flora 
of  the  United  States  comprises  nearly  all  the  orders  and 
species  of  North  America;  and  the  plant- life  of  the  country 
has  been  considerably  enriched  by  the  naturalization  of 
adventitious  species.  Probably  no  other  country  of  the 
temperate  zones  has  a  native  flora  more  rich  and  varied, 
unless  we  except  Eastern  Asia,  where  there  are  many 
errant  species  of  tropical  type.  This  admixture  of  South- 
ern plant-forms  has  been  checked  in  North  America  by 
the  highlands  of  Mexico  and  by  the  great  Southern 
Gulf,  which  have  hindered  the  northward  migration  of 
Southern  types.  It  is  estimated  that,  exclusive  of  the 
lower  cryptogams,  we  have  scarcely  less  than  5000  species. 
California  alone  has  2500,  while  several  single  states 
have  upwards  of  1500.  There  are  more  than  800  s|)ecie8 
of  woody  plants,  of  which  about  one- half  are  recognized 
trees,  and  120  are  of  more  or  less  commercial  importance 
for  manufactures,  <tc. ;  of  these  about  50  are  coniferw. 
About  a  dozen  of  our  trees  are  remarkable  for  attaining 
huge  proportions,  notable  among  which  are  the  giant 
sequoias,  or  red-woods,  of  California,  which  tower  to  an 
altitude  of  from  300  to  450  feet,  with  a  girth  of  trunk  fully 
in  proportion.  The  flora  of  the  Pacific  slope  includes  trees 
and  plants  of  the  greatest  variety,  from  those  of  tropical  on 
semi-tropical  character  and  habit  to  those  of  the  oold-tem* 


UNI 


2686 


UNI 


.panvte  Intitude,  and  mnong  them  arc  a  number  of  species 
«LQd  some  entire  genera  poouliar  to  this  part  of  the  globe: 
its  birches,  buckeye,  buttonwood,  cherry,  chestnut,  maples, 
oaks,  TTill«>w<!,  Ac,  are  quite  distinct  species,  and  its  conif- 
erous trouA  are  noted  for  a  size  which  makes  them  distin- 
guishable from  those  of  other  regions,  while  the  California 
sequoias,  the  California  laurel,  the  strawborry-trco  (the  nia- 
druflo),  and  the  superb  Menzies  arbutus,  cannot  bo  classed 
ia  the  genera  mot  with  in  other  parts  of  the  country. 
Among  the  smaller  plants  there  are  doubtless  some  species 
that  Iiave  not  yet  been  investigated  and  classified  or 
described  by  botanists,  besides  a  great  variety  which 
have  interested  investigators,  and  not  a  few  which  have 
been  made  to  enrich  the  greenhouses  and  gardens  of  the 
Allantio  States.  The  flora  of  the  South  Atlantic  region 
includes  species  of  many  Northern  trees,  and  a  con^idorablo 
jiumber  of  distinct  trees,  of  which  the  more  remarkable 
are  the  0.*age  orange,  Georgia  bark,  devilwood,  catalpa, 
9orrel,  wild  China,  and  cabbage  palmetto;  of  the  Southern 
species  one  of  the  most  valuable  is  the  well-known 
livo-oak,  prized  for  ship-timber,  and  there  are  numerous 
important  ])ines  and  some  rarely  beautiful  magnulius.  The 
North  Atlantic  region,  from  Virginia  and  Kentucky  north- 
ward, and  east  of  the  Mississippi,  has  a  great  number  of 
trees  not  uncommon  in  Europe;  but  many  of  its  ashes", 
birclics,  elms,  maples,  oaks,  pines,  and  others,  though  of 
the  same  genera  as  trees  of  these  designations  in  Europe, 
are  of  distinct  species,  while  there  arc  a  goodly  number  of 
trees  not  found  in  Europe,  as  the  buckeye,  hickories,  lo- 
custs, mngnolios,  sassafras,  tulip,  tupelo,  &a.  Among  the 
smaller  flora,  the  buflfalo  berry,  laurel  (shrub),  Icaihcrwood, 
paw])aw,  spice-bush,  witch-hazel,  and  some  others  are  dis- 
tinctively American,  and  there  are  many  of  the  more  de- 
sirable plants  of  Europe,  the  azaleas,  blackberries,  dog- 
woods, rhododendrons,  sumachs,  whortleberries,  <tc.  The 
flora  of  Southern  Florida  is  essentially  identical  with  that 
of  the  West  Indies  and  the  northern  portion  of  the  southern 
peninsula ;  but  the  area  of  this  sub-tropical  flora  is  small, 
and  its  productions  are  unimportant,  although  it  is  rather 
rich  in  species.  The  intrusion  of  these  Southern  forms  is 
undoubtedly  recent.  There  are  considerable  tracts  within 
the  Ilocky  Mountain  system  where  the  alkaline  nature  of 
the  soil  forbids  the  growth  of  vegetation,  and  here  only  the 
"  sage-bush,"  the  "  greasewood,"  a  few  other  chenopods,  and 
a  few  sedges  and  grasses,  are  found.  But  in  the  vast 
prairies,  where  trees  are  unknown,  except  along  the  mar- 
gins of  the  streams,  the  soil  is  exceedingly  rich  and 
productive  and  the  natural  growth  of  grass  is  luxuriant. 
The  varying  features  of  the  flora  of  the  country  arc  believed 
to  be  almost  entirely  due  to  varying  climatic  conditions; 
but  several  species  represent  groups  which  are  elsewhere 
represented  only  by  extinct  and  fossil  species. 

The  forest-regions  of  the  country  comprise  a  northern 
belt  of  pines,  in  which  the  white  pine  {Piuug  Slrolug),  one 
of  the  noblest  and  most  valuable  of  American  trees,  has 
naturally  a  very  prominent  place,  as  well  as  the  spruce, 
hemlock,  yellow  cedar,  hackmatack  or  larch,  linden  or 
basswood,  black  and  white  ash,  sugar  and  other  maples, 
besides  birch  and  elm  in  several  species.  Farther  south 
range  the  hickories  and  oaks,  also  the  chestnut,  tulip-tree, 
sassafras,  cherry,  magnolias,  walnut,  red  cedar,  tupelo, 
persimmon,  plane,  beech,  catalpa,  and  other  valuable  tim- 
Dcr-trees,  some  of  them  found  as  far  south  as  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico.  Characteristic  trees  of  the  Southern  coast-regions 
are  the  long-leaved  pine,  other  species  of  hard  or  jjitch 
pine,  live-oak,  palmetto,  and  various  deciduous  trees, 
among  which  may  be  classed  the  valuable  deciduous  cy- 
press (Taxadhim),  The  Alleghany  Mountains  are  gener- 
ally covered  with  lich  and  beautiful  forests,  Northern  and 
Southern  types  here  mingling  in  great  profusion.  The 
lower  Mississippi  region  and  the  vicinity  of  the  Red  River 
of  Texas  in  its  lower  course  are  singularly  rich  in  Corcst- 
Fpecies.  The  prairies  cast  of  the  Mississippi  are  being 
steadily  encroached  upon  by  a  forest-growth.  The  two  pen- 
insulas of  Michigan  are  grandly  stocked  with  timber,  as 
are  also  ihc  state  of  Wisconsin  and  the  northeastern  half  of 
Minnesota.  Missouri,  Kentucky,  Tennessee,  and  Arkansas 
are  well  timbered.  IJut  the  great  |)lains  east  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains  have  naturally  only  a  few  cottonwood-poplars, 
willows,  eluis,  box-elders,  and  hacUberries,  chiefly  along 
the  streams;  but  the  planting  of  forests  in  parts  of  this 
region  has  succeeded  greatly  beyond  expectation.  Far  to 
the  south  occur  the  Gross-Timbers,  extensive  ranges  of  low 
oak  forest.  The  tough  and  gnarled  mesquitc  is  a  charac- 
teristic tree  throughout  a  large  district  in  Texas.  West 
of  the  Rio  Grande  occur  several  strictly  local  arborescent 
•pccies.     The  Pacific  fore»t  region  may  be  regarded  as  ex- 


tending eastward  throughout  the  whole  Cordillerftn  mji 
tain-system.      Here  the  rainfall,  except  in  a  limited '.i 
of  the  coast-country,  is  so  deficient  that  vcgetniiun  u  n 
kinds  has  been  singularly  niodiUid  both  in  the  ebiin 
of  its  growth  and  in  the  species  of  which  it  i»couiiii!|' 
Throughout   this  whole   region    the   extreme  »oarcil\lf 
hard-wood  timber  bus  been  and  is  still  pcriously  feii, 
settlers.     From  l^uget  Sound  southward  for  miinv  u(, 
along  the  coast  an  abundant  rainfall  has  oauccd  ilie  gr  \ 
of  a  marvellously  dense  and  very  lofty  forest,  where,  lu  . 
most  everywhere  else  in  this  region,  the  prevailing  J;r.,  J 
is  made  up  of  coniferous   trees.     The  tallest  inunH  li 
finest  spars  known  to  modern  commerce  nro  shipped  ft 
this  coast.    The  same  forest,  extending  northward  ihnil 
13ritish  Columbia,  is  found  on  the  iiilands  and  mninl'l 
of  Southeastern  Alaska,  where  there  is  a  larjje  nmimnl' 
timber  of  good  quality.     The  Pacific  coast  affords  tu  c-l. 
morce  the  highly  valuable  yellow  cedar  and  red-wouj', 
well  us  great  quantities  of  ])inc  and  fir  spars  and  lum  ' 
The  commercial  supply  of  white  pine  once  came  ohicflv  fi' 
Pennsylvania  and  the  states  to   the   noriheaBtwanl,  ' 
latterly  it  has  been  drawn  from  Michigan,  Wisconsin,  i 
Minnesota  also.     Yellow  and  other  hard  pines  are  cut  I 
great  extent   in   the  Southern   Atlantic  States,  in  wli 
region  they  nfiFord  vast  amounts  of  tar,  turpentine-oil,  roi 
and  other  similar  products,  known  collectively  as  "  nt 
stores."    Ottk,  hickory,  ash,  elm,  black  walnut,  chcrrv,  t 
other  valuable  hard  woods  are  cut  in  almost  every  part 
the  eastern  half  of  the  country.    Spruce  and  hemlock,  birj 
beech,  and  maple  are  shipped  chiefly  from  the  northea^tlj 
section,  but  hemlock  and   beech  abound  in  parts  of  l| 
Appalachian  region  far  to  the  southward.     In  many  rui 
districts  the  forests  supply  the  principal  fuel  used.    Pii 
is   also   locally  employed  ;  and   in   some  of  the  trcch; 
districts   hay,  straw,  and    flax   are   burned   for  domes' 
heating,    several   ingenious   inventions   having   rendci 
such  unpromising  materials  very  useful  for  this  pur|rt) 
The  stripping  of  the  country  of  its  noble  forests  has  ui 
doubtedly  had  an  unfavorable  efi"eet  upon  the  water-fupj 
in  some  regions.    Opinions  differ  as  to  the  question  wheibl 
the  aggregate  rainfall  in  any  one  year  is  influenced  by  !• 
tensive  deforestation,  the  weight  of  scientific  opinion  bei; 
on  the  negative  side ;  but  there  is  no  reasonable  doubt  t)i 
a  dense  forest-growth  prolongs  the  storage  of  water  in  i 
earth,  and  thus  tends  to  prevent  river-floods  anddrou);lii 

The  fauna  of  the  United  States  is  also  very  eomprthei 
sive,  including  many  species  found  in  other  lands,  tool 
distinctively  American  species  of  genera  found  elscwher 
and  a  few  essentially  American  genera.  Among  the  natii 
animals  are  the  bison,  or  bufl'alo,  now  nearly  extinct,  tlj 
Rocky  Mountain  sheep,  the  so-called  Rocky  Mountiiiii  go; 
(a  goat-like  antelope),  the  prong-horn  antelope  (the  unll 
known  antelope  with  deciduous  and  forked  boms),  tb 
moose  or  true  elk,  the  caribou  or  reindeer,  several  otb« 
species  of  deer,  three  or  four  kii^ds  of  bear,  the  catauiout 
or  puma,  the  ocelot  (in  the  S.W.),  lynxes,  wolves,  and  foie 
of  several  species,  weasels,  martens,  skuuks,  a  true  poleci 
(very  rare),  otters  of  two  distinct  genera,  the  mink,  th 
beaver,  the.  muskrat,  the  woodchuck,  the  prairie-dog,  th 
sewellcl,  various  species  of  hare,  a  porcupine,  numeroit 
squirrels  and  gophers,  the  raccoon,  an  opossum,  an  arm* 
dillo,  and  a  large  number  of  destructive  animals  of  th' 
rat  and  mouse  family.  Among  birds  are  the  wild  turkey 
grouse  of  several  kinds,  a  number  of  species  of  the  pigeoi 
family,  the  mocking-bird,  the  humming-bird,  a  parrot 
many  song-thrushes,  and  other  small  birds  in  great  variety 
besides  many  kinds  of  falcon  and  owl,  also  buzzard- 
vultures,  flamingoes,  geese,  ducks,  swans,  and  other  gam* 
birds  and  water-fowl  of  many  species.  | 

Some  notice  of  a  few  of  the  fishes  of  economic  v»lu«; 
is  elsewhere  given  in  the  present  article.  Of  shell-fishj 
(mollusks)  the  oyster  takes  the  first  rank.  It  is  found 
more  abundantly,  and  taken  more  extensively,  on  the 
Atlantic  coast  than  in  any  other  part  of  the  world.  Clams ol 
several  genera  and  a  few  other  mollusks  are  also  employed 
as  food.  Among  crus-taceans,  the  lobster  easily  occupiei 
the  first  place:  it  is  of  a  species  quite  distinct  from  the  Euro- 
pean kinds.  Crabs  of  various  .species,  and  locally  prawni 
and  shrimps,  are  also  taken  as  food-material.  AmcricsB 
zoology  has  been  investigated  only  to  a  limited  extent,  • 
great  number  of  species,  chiefly  those  of  insects,  crnt- 
taceans,  and  other  forms  of  invertebrate  animal  life,  being 
almost  unknown,  and  many  more  not  well  known:  benc^ 
although  the  task  of  investigation  is  being  rapidly  pushed 
forward,  no  work  has  been  published  as  yet  which  treaU 
the  subject  suffii:icntly  in  detail  to  be  considered  exhaust- 
ive, and  certainly  none  that  is  an  ultimate  authority  il 


tJNl 


&687 


UNI 


.termining  the  aggregate  number  of  genera,  the  totals  of 

B  species  of  the  various  genera,  or  even  the  exact  classi- 

ation  of  some  of  the  species ;  but  the  following  have  been 

ren  as  the  totals  of  the  several  orders:  mammals,  310; 

(Is,  767;  reptiles,  257;   batrachians,   100;   fishes,  817; 

moptorans,    8;    leptocardians,    1, — in   all,   2250  verte- 

tes;  nearly  1500  mollusks,  of  which  about  400  are  air- 

athers  ;  and  more  than  50,000  species  of  insects. 

\Climate,  Rainfall,  Ac,  and  Vital  Statistici. — In  conse- 

ence  of  the  great  extent  of  its  territory  from  S.  to  N., 

mprising  about  twenty-five  degrees  of  latitude,  the  United 

l^tes  has  a  large  variety  of  climate;  but  a  remarkable 

egularity  in  the  trend  of  the  isothermal  lines  makes  it 

possible  to  give  a  general  and  yet  definitive  description 

the  climate,  rainfall,  velocity  of  the  winds,  or  health- 

es  of  the  several  sections  of  the  country  viewed  as  a 

ole.     This  irregularity  is  due  to  various  natural  causes, 

direct  influence  of  each  of  which  can  bo  understood 

h  some  exactness:  among  the  chief  of  these  are  (1)  the 

t  great  mountain-systems  crossing  the  country  from  S.  to 
not  in  a  direct  line,  but  diverging  considerably  in  the 
litre  of  their  influence,  the  Rocky  Mountains  to  the  N.W., 
fe  Appalachians  to  the  N.E.,  and  with  numerous  spurs 
:ld  branching  chains,  especially  in  the  former  system  ;  (2) 

Ily  secondary  to  the  great  mountains  in  their  influence 
on  the  climate,  rainfall,  winds,  Ac,  are  the  great  lakes, 
th  the  extended  expanse  of  almost  level  country  north- 
»rd  to  the  Arctic  regions,  affording  ready  passage  to  the 
: '  blasts,  which  are,  however,  frequently  retarded  in  the 
i-ectness  of  their  course  by  the  immense  bodies  of  water 
eaking  the  land  into  islands  and  peninsulas  of  most  un- 
len  and  indirect  lines,  while  at  the  S.  is  a  more  direct, 
■pugh  not  so  wide,  entrance  for  southern  winds,  and  in  the 
knnel  from  the  lakes  of  the  N.  and  the  gulf  of  the  S. 
tends  the  broad  Mississippi  Valley,  intersected  by  the 
lleys  of  the  Arkansas  and  Missouri  from  the  W.  and  the 
io  from  the  E.,  spreading  out  on  both  sides  into  vast 
dries.     The  difference  likewise  in  the  temperature  of  the 
0  oceans — the  mean  temperature  of  the  Pacific,  at  a  depth 
30  fathoms,  within  100  miles  of  the  shore,  in  lat.  45°  N., 
ig  several  degrees  above  that  of  the  Atlantic  at  the 
e  relative  point — has  unquestionably  an  effect  upon  the 
perature  of  the  coasts.     With  due  caution  in  under- 
nding  the  definition  as  generally  not  exactly  accurate,  it 
,y  be  noted  that  the  100th  meridian  is  a  sort  of  dividing 
e  between  two  of  the  climates  of  the  United  States,  or 
ween  two  climates  of  the  Atlantic  slope.     East  of  this 
ridian,  the  3yth  parallel  has  remained  ever  since  the 
[ar  1790  the  approximate  centre  of  population,  as  it  is  the 
tre  of  temperature,  which  gets  perceptibly  cooler  to  the 
and  warmer  to  the  S.  from  this  line.     Between  the  100th 
[pridian  and  the  mountains  the  mean  temperature  of  44° 
jihr.  runs  much  farther  N.,  reaching  the  region   of  the 
bper  Missouri,  while  E.  of  that  meridian  it  lies  at  about 
i.  39°  or  40°  N.     Indeed,  the  isothermal  of  44°  Fahr.,  in 
J^sing  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Rocky  Mountains,  inter- 
ijts  every  parallel  from  33°  to  45°,  while  W.  of  the  moun- 
ins  it  sweeps  northward  so  as  to  include  almost  the  N.  ex- 
smity  of  Washington.     It  is,  moreover,  worthy  of  remark 
at  on  the  Pacific  slope  the  changes  of  temperature  are 
iuh  more  regular  than  E.  of  the  mountains,  and  there  is 
no  of  the  fickleness  or  tendency  to  sudden  rise  or  fall 
lich  characterizes  many  localities  on  the  Atlantic,  es- 
cially  in  the  middle  belt  between  the  38th  and  42d  par- 
els.     In  the  S.  of  California,  and  in  Arizona,  the  ther- 
pmeter  often  indicates  a  temperature  of  upwards  of  100°, 
,t  the  mean  is  only  76°,  while  the  equable  or  nearly  con- 
int  temperature,  with  gradual  rise  and  fall,  makes  the 
at  tolerable  and  the  climate  healthful.     From  the  mean 
76°  at  the  S.,  the  temperature  of  the  Pacific  slope  varies 
that  of  44°  at  the  N.     In  the  eastern  or  Atlantic  slope 
mean  in  Florida  is  also  about  76°  or  77°,  but  in  the  N. 
s  much  lower,  reaching  36°  or  33°.     In  the  South  Atlantic 
tes  the  heated  spells  of  summer  are  somewhat  longer 
tinucd  than  in  the  Middle  Atlantic,  but  the  thermometer 
dom  rises  above  96°,  while  in  the  Middle  Atlantic  States 
often  runs  suddenly  up  to  100°  or  even  above,  and,  stay- 
5  at  that  point  for  comparatively  but  a  few  hours,  at  most 
0  or  three  days,  falls  as  suddenly  to  a  temperate  summer 
(fat.     So,  too,  in  the  North  Atlantic  States  the  thermom- 
[er  in  winter  occasionally  falls  below  zero,  in  Minnesota  and 
bkota  actually  down  to  — 40°;  but  such  extremes  are  not 
Isquent,  and  are  usually  reached  so  gradually  as  not  to  be 
\i  so  severely  as  more  moderate  temperatures  in  the  mid- 

21  section,  where  the  mercury  very  rarely  goes  below  zero, 
e  rainfall  is  generally  abundant,  but  not  excessive,  and  ia 
a  rule  equally  distributed  through  the  year  on  the  At- 


lantic slope  ;  on  the  Pacific,  on  the  other  hand,  it  is  period- 
ical, with  dry  seasons  and  wet  seasons,  while  within  and 
near  the  Rocky  Mountain  system  irrigation  is  very  gener- 
ally requisite  to  make  agriculture  remunerative. 

Of  the  climate  it  may  be  said  that  extreme  and  sudden 
changes  of  temperature  are  frequent  in  nearly  all  parts  of 
the  country, — less  so,  however,  in  the  extreme  south  than 
elsewhere  in  general,  while  the  greater  part  of  the  Pacific 
coast  has  a  singularly  mild  and  equable  climate.  The 
general  government  maintains  a  very  extensive  system  of 
■weather-signals  by  telegraph  ;  and  its  bulletins,  by  an- 
nouncing probable  changes  of  weather,  have  proved  of 
great  service  to  agriculturists  and  to  commercial  men. 

In  some  localities  in  the  Mississippi  Valley  and  else- 
where, the  proximity  of  swamps  and  malarial  influences 
promote  certain  classes  of  fevers,  as  the  enteric,  inter- 
mittent, and  remittent,  Ac,  and  disorders  of  the  stomach 
and  bowels  ;  in  some  others  the  frequency  of  sudden  changes 
in  temperature  greatly  increases  the  liability  to  pulmonary 
complaints,  consumption,  pneumonia,  and  the  like  ;  and  in 
some  localities  the  midsummer  heat  has  too  often  been 
accompanied  by  terrible  visitations  of  yellow  fever  and 
kindred  scourges  ;  but,  on  the  whole,  the  vital  statistics  of  the 
United  States  compare  favorably  with  those  of  the  most 
favored  lands,  and  indicate  that  persons  who  can  choose  their 
homes  with  regard  to  the  climate  best  adapted  to  their  tem- 
perament or  constitutional  predilection  have  no  occasion  to 
go  beyond  the  limits  of  this  country.  Census  statistics 
of  births  and  deaths  are  of  little  value  for  purposes  of 
comparison  between  localities  or  between  periods,  because, 
while  some  states  have  and  enforce  strict  registry  laws, 
others  make  no  attempt  in  this  direction,  so  that  the  re- 
turns from  the  former  are  full  and  accurate  and  those 
from  the  latter  meagre  and  unreliable. 

Government. — The  government  of  the  United  States  ia 
democratic,  under  a  constitution  first  adopted  by  the  origi- 
nal thirteen  states  in  the  years  1787-90  (see  table  above), 
and  subsequently  amended  from  time  to  time,  the  last  three 
amendments  (the  13th,  14th,  and  15th)  being  the  outcome 
of  the  late  war,and  ratified  in  1865, 1866,  and  1870.  Under 
this  constitution  the  people  vest  the  government  in  three 
great  departments, — the  executive,  the  judicial,  and  the 
legislative. 

The  executive  department  comprises  a  president  and  vice- 
president,  elected  every  fourth  year,  beginning  in  1788. 
The  vice-president  has  no  executive  function  or  authority 
except  in  the  case  of  the  death,  resignation,  or  removal 
by  impeachment  of  the  president,  vfhom  he  succeeds  for 
the  unexpired  portion  of  the  four  years'  term  in  the  event 
of  a  vacancy  (or  if  the  vacancy  be  temporary  the  vice- 
president  acts  during  its  continuance).  There  have  been 
several  such  instances:  in  1841,  President  Harrison  died, 
and  in  1850,  President  Taylor;  in  1865  President  Lincoln 
was  assassinated;  and  in  1881  President  Garfield  diid  from 
the  effects  of  a  wound  received  at  the  hands  of  a  fanatic. 
In  each  of  these  instances  the  vice-president  succeeded 
to  the  oCice.  Provision  is  made  for  filling  the  presidential 
chair  in  case  of  the  death,  resignation,  or  removal  of 
a  vice-president  who  has  become  president,  or  where  from 
any  cause  there  is  no  vice-president  to  succeed.  During 
the  continuance  of  the  president  in  the  chair  the  vice- 
president  is  merely  the  president  of  the  United  States 
senate.  The  president  is  empowered  by  laws  enacted  by  the 
congress  to  appoint,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  senate,  a 
cabinet  of  advisers,  who  are  also,  under  the  president, 
heads  of  the  several  executive  departments  created  by  the 
congress  from  time  to  time.  The  cabinet  now  consists  of  a 
secretary  of  state,  a  secretary  of  the  treasury,  a  secretary 
of  war,  a  secretary  of  the  navy,  an  attorney-general,  a  post- 
master-general, a  secretary  of  the  interior,  and  a  secretary 
of  agriculture.  The  president  has  also  the  authority  to 
appoint,  subject  to  the  confirmation  of  the  senate,  such 
subordinate  oflicials  as  may  be  provided  for  by  law  to  assist 
in  the  administration  of  United  States  laws,  under  the 
several  heads  of  the  departments,  either  at  the  capital  or 
in  the  states  and  territories.  The  president  has  also  the 
authority  to  approve  or  veto  all  acts  of  the  United  States 
congress;  and  should  he  veto  an  act  it  requires  a  vote  of 
two-thirds  in  favor  of  it  in  each  house  to  make  it  a  law. 

The  judiciary  of  the  United  States  includes  a  supreme 
court,  a  specific  number  of  circuit  courts,  a  specific  number 
of  district  courts,  and  a  court  of  claims.  The  supreme  court 
consists  of  a  chief  justice  and  eight  associate  justices.  The 
supreme  court  convenes  annually  in  the  capital  city.  There 
are  at  present  nine  United  States  judicial  circuits,  consti- 
tuted as  follows  :  1.  Maine,  New  Hampshire,  Massachusetts, 
and   Rhode   Island;  2.  Vermont,  Connecticut,   and  New 


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York;  3.  New  Jersey,  Penndylvnnin,  and  Delaware;  4. 
^Maryland,  Virginia,  West  Virginia,  North  Carolina,  and 
South  Carolina;  6.  Georgia,  Florida,  Alabama,  Mississippi, 
Iioui^iano,  and  Texas;  6.  Ohio,  Michigan,  Kentucky,  and 
Tennessee;  7.  Illinois,  Indiana,  and  \Vi8oongin;  8.  Min- 
Besota,  Iowa,  Missouri,  Kansas,  Arkansas,  Nebraska,  Colo- 
rado, New  Mexico,  Oklahoma,  Utah,  North  Dakota,  South 
Dakota,  and  Wyoming;  9.  California,  Oregon,  Nevada, 
Alaska,  Arisona,  Idaho,  Montana,  and  Washington.  The 
ebief  justice  and  associate  justices  of  the  supreme  court 
hold  the  circuit  courts,  each  being  assigned  a  circuit ;  there 
is  also  a  circuit  judge  in  each  circuit,  who  sits  with  the 
justice,  or  in  the  absence  of  the  justice  he  may  hold  the 
court,  assisted  by  the  district  judge  of  the  district  wherein 
the  court  may  sit.  The  United  States  is  nlso  divided  into 
67  districts,  each  with  a  district  judge.  The  court  of  claims 
oonsists  of  a  chief  justice  and  four  associate  justices ;  it  sits 
in  Washington.  All  the  justices  and  judges  of  the  United 
States  courts  are  appointed  by  the  president  and  confirmed 
by  the  senate,  and  serve  for  life,  unless  they  resign  or  are 
lawfully  removed.  The  jurisdiclion  of  each  of  the  courts 
is  definitely  prescribed  by  the  constitution  and  laws. 

The  legislative  department  of  the  government  embraces 
the  congress  of  the  United  States,  which  consists  of  two 
houses,  co-ordinate  except  so  far  as  presently  noted.  The 
senate  of  the  United  States  is  composed  of  two  representa- 
tives from  each  state,  elected  by  the  legislature  of  the  siiuie 
for  a  term  of  six  years,  with  the  proviso  that  the  terms 
shall  bo  so  arranged  that  one-third  of  the  entire  number 
shall  e-xpire  every  two  years.  Besides  its  ordinary  legisla- 
tive functions,  the  senate  is  constituted  a  sort  of  advisory 
council  to  the  president,  with  authority  to  confirm  or  reject 
any  of  his  lawful  appointees,  and  to  approve  or  annul 
all  treaties  or  any  clause  of  any  treaty  concluded  by  the 
executive  department  with  any  foreign  power ;  the  senate 
is  prohibited  to  originate  any  financial  or  revenue  law  or 
part  of  such  a  law.  The  house  of  representatives  is  com- 
posed of  representatives  directly  of  the  people  of  the  United 
States,  the  number  being  variable  according  to  such  pro- 
portion of  the  aggregate  population  as  the  congress  may 
determine  after  each  decennial  census  in  accordance  with 
the  constitution.  By  the  apportionment  consequent  upon 
the  census  of  1890  the  number  of  representatives  is  356, 
the  ratio  of  representation  being  1  to  each  174,895  inhabi- 
tants, provided  that  each  state  has  at  least  one  representii- 
tive,  and  that  any  new  state  shall  be  given  representation 
in  addition  to  the  356  specified.  The  members  of  the  house 
are  elected  biennially  by  the  people  of  the  districts  respec- 
tively. The  house  has  exclusive  authority  to  originate  all 
financial,  revenue,  and  appropriation  measures,  and  in  all 
cases  of  the  impeachment  of  officers  of  the  United  States 
the  house  is  the  impeaching  body  and  the  senate  sits  as  the 
court  to  try  the  accused :  in  the  case  of  the  president  or 
vice-president,  the  chief  justice  of  the  supreme  court  pre- 
sides, in  all  other  cases  the  vice-president  or  the  president 
pro  tempore  of  the  senate  presides. 

The  United  States  maintains  but  a  small  army  and  navy 
during  times  of  peace,  of  which,  both  in  peace  and  in  war, 
the  president   is    the   constitutional    commander-in-chief. 
The  United  States  military  and  naval  academies  are  among 
the  most  celebrated  schools  of  their  respective  classes.   Sev- 
eral of  the  states  have  institutions  where  military  instruction 
is  given  by  regular  army  officers  detailed  for  that  purpose. 
In  case  of  need  the  president  has  power  to  call  out  the 
militia  of  the  several  states,  or  such  a  proportion  of  the 
^samo  as  he  may  deem  requisite  for  the  exigency.     When 
•  not  in  active  service,  the  militia  is  sustained  and  controlled 
.  by  the  states.     The  navy  of  the  United  States,  as  compared 
,with  those  of  mo?t  other  influential  nations,  seems  small 
and  by  no  means  formidable ;  but  as  at  present  constituted 
it  might  easily  be  made  the  nucleus  of  a  very  effective 
fores.     Large  sums  have  been  expended  in  the  construction 
of  works  for  sea-coast  deffnce. 

No  general  statistics  of  the  United  States  better  indi- 
cate its  marvellous  growth,  not  only  in  extent  of  territory 
and  population,  but  also  in  business  generally,  and  to  some 
extent  in  intelligence,  than  those  of  the  post-office  depart- 
ment. The  report  of  the  Postmaster-General  shows  that 
there  were  on  June  30,  1891,  64,329  post-offices,  while  the 
revenue  for  the  year  was  $65,931,785.72,  nnd  the  expendi- 
ture $73,059,519.49.  In  1840  the  total  revenue  was  $4,543,- 
621.92,  and  the  expenditures  were  $4,718,235  64.  Xhe 
returns  of  the  railroad  system  of  the  United  States  are  of 
the  same  interest  and  no  less  remarkable  :  the  total  number 
of  miles  of  railroad  in  operation  in  1830  was  22;  in  1840, 
2818;  in  1850,  9021;  in  1860,  30,635;  in  1870,  52,914;  in 
1880,  93,296;  and  in  1890,  166,817  miles. 


llelif/ion,  Education,  <t-c.— The  statistics  of  the  oIuq 
tional,  religious,  and  general  moral  i)rogrc8s  of  the  Dtiii 
Stales  are  given  to  u  considerable  extern  in  the  iirlirl 
upon  the  states  iind  territories  and  the  counlin  and  tow 
ships;  but  a  brief  general  statement  is  requisite  here. 

The  church  statistics  in  the  census  of  1890  are  expecinl 
full,  giving  items  of  interest  concerning  1-JO  denomination 
besides  many  independent  congregations.  The  cxpuriine 
of  granting  perfect  freedom  of  religious  thought  nnd  i,r;i 
tice  was  first  tried  in  this  country.  It  was  durinj;  ||„. '.;,, 
colonial  period  that  religious  freedom  was  first  proclainir. 
but  it  was  never  formally  established  except  in  a  Itw  . 
the  colonies.  Even  after  the  Federal  Conbtitulion  vi. 
adopted  there  were  a  few  states  that  either  relainc-l 
slight  connection  between  the  government  and  suine  c 
clesiastioal  establishment  (like  Mussaehusetts),  or,  im  j 
New  Hampshire  and  North  Carolina,  there  was  for'a  liu 
a  restriction  as  to  the  rights  of  certain  religiuus  sect?  i 
rather  a  certain  amount  of  political  disiibility  placed  uimi 
their  members.  At  present  all  law-abiding  citizen^  ( 
whatever  religion,  have  everywhere  absolute  equality  Li 
fore  the  law. 

One  of  the  most  striking  evidences  of  the  ndvnnccniri 
of  tlie  United  States  is  all'orded  by  the  largely  iocre^fi 
attention  bestowed  upon  the  higher  education  of  women  i 
nearly  nil  the  states:  the  right  of  women  to  aspire  to  ibi 
learned  professions,  and  to  acquire  the  highest  educiitioi 
is  now  almost  universally  conceded,  und  in  several  of  th 
states  there  are  flourishing  classical,  teehnical,  and  in. 
fcssional  institutions  devoted  especially  to  them,  wliili;  i 
some  instances  the  older  colleges  have  thrown  open  tbci 
doors  to  women. 

The  general  government  has  never  attempted  to  inter 
fere  with  popular  education.  Except  in  the  cases  of  ih 
military  and  naval  academies  and  certain  Indian  an^ 
territorial  schools,  the  public  schools  are  all  operated  undfl 
state  laws;  but  the  United  States  government  bos  liber 
ally  assisted  a  class  of  state  technical  colleges  by  liirp 
grants  of  public  land,  and  great  tracts  of  what  are  calle 
school  lands  have  been  granted  to  a  number  of  the  state 
for  educational  purposes.  Owing  to  the  varied  provision 
of  the  school- laws  in  different  states?,  there  is  a  wide  differ 
once  in  the  efficiency  of  the  public  schools  of  the  vnrioui 
sections.  Previous  to  the  war  of  1861-65  the  Southen 
States  for  the  most  part  depended  largely  on  private  an« 
proprietary  schools ;  but  of  late  there  has  been  cerlainl; 
no  less  enthusiasm  in  those  states  in  the  work  of  extend 
ing  popular  education  than  in  the  other  parts  of  tbi 
country.  In  only  a  few  states  is  education  really  com 
pulsory.  In  all  the  aim  has  been  to  give  to  the  schooli 
of  the  lower  grades  a  high  degree  of  thorougliness.  I'ro 
fcssional  and  technical  education  is  provided  for,  to  some 
extent,  in  nearly  every  state.  In  n-jst  large  towns  and  it 
thickly-settled  districts  there  are  graded  schools ;  but  in 
thinly-peopled  communities  the  public-school  service  ii 
too  generally  exceedingly  inefficient.  In  nearly  cverj 
state  and  territory  a  number  of  normal-schools  are  main 
tained,  some  of  them  of  high  excellence.  What  are  known 
as  state  universities  have  been  established  in  more  than 
half  the  states,  although  in  only  a  few  are  such  schools  in 
reality  public  institutions.  In  several  instances  the  stst* 
university  is  in  fact  the  highest  in  grade  of  the  publiot 
schools.  Many  of  the  states  provide  free  books  and  sta- 
tionery for  all  pupils.  Most  of  the  colleges  and  so-called 
universities  of  the  country  are  quite  unconnected  with 
the  public-school  system ;  and  the  same  thing  is  true  of 
most  of  the  professional  schools  and  many  of  the  inftitn-j 
tions  for  secondary  instruction.  The  Atnerican  collegeil 
generally  provide  excellent  "humanistic"  training,  and 
they  are,  as  a  rule,  important  as  centres  of  literary  culture, 
but  their  aims  and  results  are,  in  general,  widely  different 
from  those  of  the  great  universities  of  Europe. 

Agriculture,  Maim/actures  and  Mining,  Commerce,  <tc. — 
A  large  part  of  the  United  States  is  naturally  unrivalled 
for  farming  and  gardening,  and  from  the  earliest  settlement 
of  the  country  agriculture  has  been  the  pursuit  of  a  large 
proportion  of  the  people.  Though  in  some  of  the  older 
states  the  area  occupied  by  agriculture  has  decreased,  the 
products  have  actually  greatly  increased,  partly  in  con- 
sequence of  the  great  increase  in  the  area  brought  under 
cultivation,  but  still  more  because  of  improved  methods 
and  improved  machinery  having  been  devised  and  cm- 
ployed.  The  marvellous  crops  of  the  Pacific  slope,  from 
California  to  Northern  Washington,  the  plentiful  grain- 
harvests  of  the  Upper  Mississippi  Valley,  and  the  great 
specialties  of  the  Lower  Mississippi  Valley  and  of  the  Quif 
region,  have  made  agriculture  in  itself  an  important  branch 


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o our  industries ;  but  its  importance  is  greatly  enhanced 
■»L'n  it  is  viewed  as  the  great  feeder  of  our  commerce, 
feign  no  less  than  domestic.  A  very  large  proportion 
0 the  shipments  frcim  port  to  port  and  station  to  station 
V  hin  our  own  country,  and  of  the  exports  to  other  lands, 
clisists  of  the  products  of  the  farms  and  plantations.  For 
iloruiation  as  to  the  products  of  the  several  states  and 
tfitories,  the  reader  is  referred  to  the  articles  under  their 
)ective  names. 

he  great  staples  of  American  agriculture  are  the  cereal 
ins,  cotton,  tobacco,  hay,  potatoes,  and  sugar.  Among 
cereals,  maize  (corn)  occupies  the  first  place.  Except- 
Al.aska,  some  districts  along  the  Canadian  frontier, 
the  arid  tracts  along  the  Rocky  Mountains,  nearly  all 
t|  vast  area  of  the  country  is  admirably  adapted  to  the 
wth  of  maize,  although  throughout  a  considerable  dis- 
tk  on  the  Pacific  slope  its  culture  is  not  profitable, 
weat-culture  prevails  very  generally  throughout  a  largo 
t  of  the  northern  two-thirds  of  the  country,  and  is  nn 
ilustry  of  special  importance  in  the  northern  half  of  the 
sissippi  Valk-y  and  on  the  Pacific  slope.  The  varieties 
lawn  collectively  as  spring  wheat  are  the  ones  chiefly 
( iwn  in  the  more  northerly  parts  of  the  wheat-belt,  the 
liter  wheats  being  more  generally  sown  in  other  sections. 
]  e,  oats,  barley,  and  buckwheat  are  the  other  leading 
<  eals,  except  in  some  of  the  Southern  States,  where  rice 
ilproduced  extensively.  Third  in  rank,  by  comparison 
lib  Indian  corn  and  wheat,  and  taking  the  estimated 
Aiual  value  of  the  crops  as  tlie  measure  of  its  importance, 
(tnes  cotton,  with  its  fibre  and  seed,  of  which  the  latter 
4ld8  a  valuable  oil,  and  also  a  meal  valued  alike  as  a 
titilizer  and  as  a  food  for  cattle.  The  hay-crop,  however, 
cjen  considerably  exceeds  in  value  that  of  cotton,  and  its 
liuive  importance  is  steadily  increasing.  In  many  of 
te  States  the  hay-crop  takes  the  first  place;  and  in  the 
mth,  which  formerly  purchased  great  quantities  of  hay 
Jim  the  North,  hay-  and  forage-crops  are  now  very  largely 
]|>duced.  Potatoes  and  most  other  root-crops  are  culti- 
i^ed  more  in  the  Northern  than  in  the  Southern  States, 
1^,  yams  and  sweet  potatoes  are  chiefly  produced  in  the 
{]uth.  Tobacco  is  grown  to  a  greater  or  less  extent  in 
«st  of  the  states.  Sugar  from  the  true  sugar-cane  is  pro- 
(bed  only  in  limited  areas  of  the  Gulf  States;  maple 
m:\T  is  manufivcturcd  chiefly  in  the  North.  Sorghum, 
diefly  used  in  the  manufacture  of  molasses  or  syrup,  is 
'ry  extensively  grown,  mostly  in  the  Mississippi  Valley, 
luit-culture  is  a  very  important  interest.  The  produc- 
<n  of  tropical  and  semi-tropical  fruits  is  confined  to 
(3  warmest  parts  of  the  country.  Dairy- products  are 
'ry  largely  marketed,  and  are  chiefly  the  product  of  the 
lire  densely  peopled  parts  of  the  Northern  States.  Cattle- 
Ijcding  is  carried  on  extensively,  and  especially  in  the 
llnly-settled  areas,  where  wool-growing  is  almost  the  only 
i^al  employment.  In  almost  every  part  of  the  country 
liention  is  given  to  sheep-raising.  The  hog-products  of 
ife  country  come  largely  from  the  Mississippi  Valley, 
)rses  and  mules  are  bred  in  great  numbers  in  Kentucky. 
isEouri,  and  the  adjoining  states.  IBee-culture  receives 
.  Bcial  attention  on  the  Pacific  slope;  elsewhere  it  is  not 
<)romineiit  interest,  though  in  all  sections  its  aggregate 
lue  is  considerable.  Hops,  broom-corn,  pulse,  market- 
j  rden  products,  poultry  and  eggs,  flax,  flaxseed,  and 
mp  are  among  the  other  important  agricultural  produc- 
es. Market-gardening  has  of  late  made  great  progress 
the  Southern  Atlantic  States. 

There  are  still  large  bodies  of  fine  agricultural  lands 
■aiting  settlement,  though  the  greater  part  of  the  public 
ids  now  open  for  occupation  are  either  inarable  or 
tter  ndiipted  for  grazing  than  for  tillage.  Large 
lets  of  the  best  undeveloped  lands  are  either  held  by 
ilway-corporations,  which  obtained  them  chiefly  by 
nnts  from  the  general  government,  or  are  in  the  hands 
private  capitalists  and  speculators  who  have  acquired 
em  by  purchase.  Considerable  areas  of  these  lands  are 
Id  by  non-resident  aliens.  Great  tracts  of  low  and 
ireby  land,  chiefly  along  the  courses  of  the  Mississippi 
id  its  larger  tributaries,  and  in  certain  regions  near  the 
tlantic  and  Gulf  coasts,  are  capable  of  easy  drainage, 
(tensive   works  for  the  drainage  of  a  part  of  the  low- 

fids  of  Florida  have  been  undertaken  by  private  enter- 
ise.  .'Vliing  the  course  of  the  lower  Mississippi  a  system 
levees  limits  the  overflow  of  the  rich  agricultural  lands 
that  section.  These  works  are  maintained  at  public 
^t. 

The  mining  Intereitt  of  the  country  are  large  and  varied. 
>al  is  wrought  extensively  in  the  Appalachian  region, 
lie  principal  fields  lying  upon  the  western  slope  of  the 


range.  To  the  northeastward  the  coal  is  anthracite,  else- 
where it  is  chiefly  bituminous.  Most  of  the  states  of  the 
Mississippi  Valley  afibrd  more  or  less  coal.  The  coals  of 
the  Rocky  Mountain  region  and  of  the  Pacific  slope  are 
classed  as  lignites ;  but  many  of  them  are  of  a  high  grade 
in  point  of  economic  value.  Petroleum  is  obtained  chiefly 
in  Pennsylvania,  and  more  or  less  largely  in  New  York, 
Ohio,  West  Virginia,  Kentucky,  California,  and  elsewhere. 
The  petroleum  of  Pennsylvania  in  quantity  and  quality  is 
of  the  first  importance.  Salt-wells  exist  throughout  the 
petroleum-regions,  and  in  other  parts  of  the  country. 
Those  of  New  York,  Michigan,  Ohio,  West  Virginia,  Vir- 
ginia, and  Kentucky  are  highly  productive.  Rock-salt 
is  mined  in  Louisiana,  and  exists  in  vast  bodies  in  New 
York  and  especially  in  Nevada.  Natural  gas,  valued 
chiefly  as  a  fuel,  is  a  highly  important  factor  in  some  of  the 
largest  manufacturing  industries  of  the  country.  Iron-ore 
is  found  and  wrought  in  nearly  all  the  states.  The  iron 
deposits  of  Northern  Michigan,  Wisconsin,  Minnesota, 
Missouri,  Tennessee,  and  Alabama  are  of  great  extent  and 
value.  Gold  and  silver  are  obtained  at  various  points 
along  the  Appalachians,  but  chiefly  in  the  Rocky  Mountain 
region  and  on  the  Pacific  slope.  For  many  years  a  very 
large  proportion  of  the  world's  supply  of  the  precious 
metals  has  come  from  the  United  States.  It  is  also  the 
largest  producer  of  copper  in  the  world,  the  supply  coining 
mainly  from  Montana  and  Michigan.  Lead  comes  chiefly 
from  Colorado,  but  also  from  Missouri,  Idaho,  Utah,  and 
Montana.  The  supply  of  zinc  is  furnished  by  Missouri, 
Ne»v  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Kansas,  Wisconsin,  Virginia, 
and  Tennessee.  California  afi"ords  much  mercury.  Build- 
ing-stones of  many  grades  and  kinds,  alro  limestone,  slate, 
and  marble  are  wrought  in  many  parts  of  the  country. 
Phosphatic  rock,  highly  valued  as  a  material  for  the  manu- 
facture of  fertilizers,  is  found  in  the  sea-board  region  of 
the  Carolinas  and  in  Florida. 

The  manufacturing  interests  of  the  United  States  are 
of  extremely  varied  character,  and  are  carried  on  upon  an 
exceedingly  largo  scale.  The  cotton-manufactures  take 
a  high  rank  in  extent  and  importance.  They  have  long 
been  a  leading  interest  in  the  northeastern  section  of 
the  country,  and  in  recent  years  they  have  also  been  car- 
ried on  extensively  in  the  cotton-growing  states,  where 
the  low  cost  of  freights,  the  cheapness  of  living,  the  low 
rates  of  wages,  and  the  abundance  and  permanency  of  the 
water-power  have  largely  extended  this  branch  of  industry. 
The  manufacture  of  iron  and  steel,  and  of  articles  made 
therefrom,  is  also  a  great  and  growing  interest.  Prior  to 
the  war  of  1861-65  there  was  very  little  industry  of  this 
kind  in  the  Southern  States,  in  which  agriculture  was 
almost  the  only  profitable  employment;  but  the  opening 
of  mines  of  coal  and  iron  and  tlic  erection  of  iron-works 
have  latterly  been  undertaken  there  upon  a  very  large 
scale.  The  upper  or  northern  part  of  the  Mississippi 
Valley  is  another  region  where  iron-mining  and  smelting 
are  now  largely  carried  on.  Woollen- manufactures  also 
constitute  an  industry  of  very  great  commercial  impor- 
tance. Though  established  very  early  in  the  colonial  times 
as  a  domestic  occupation,  it  was  only  within  the  present 
century  that  woollen-manufactures  came  to  occupy  a  com- 
manding position  as  a  branch  of  manufacturing  industry. 
Of  late  years  the  number  of  woollen-factories  of  various 
descriptions  has  not  only  increased  very  much,  but  thero 
has  been  a  remarkable  increase  in  the  size  and  output  of 
very  many  single  establishments  of  this  class,  some  of 
which  now  ranji  among  the  largest  in  the  world.  The 
great  forests  of  the  country  supply  vast  amounts  of  timber 
and  other  forest-products,  and  the  business  of  sawing 
lumber  and  manufacturing  wooden-wares  is  in  many  places 
an  important  source  of  wealth.  The  tanning  and  finish- 
ing of  leather  and  the  manufacture  of  shoes,  saddlery, 
harnesses,  and  leather  goods,  are  extensively  carried  on. 
The  silk-manufacture  is  also  extensive  and  important;  but 
the  raw  material  is  chiefly  imported,  for  the  rearing  of  the 
silk-worm  has  thus  far  been  almost  nn  unremunerative 
occupation,  owing  chiefly  to  the  relatively  high  rates  of 
wages.  Glass-wares  are  very  extensively  manufactured, 
and  pottery,  much  of  it  of  high  excellence,  is  of  late 
turned  out  in  largo  amounts.  The  wide-spread  preva- 
lence of  beds  of  fictile  and  fire  clays,  of  many  grades  and 
qualities,  promises  much  for  the  future  of  the  ceramic 
industries.  Chemical-works  are  profitably  conducted  on  a 
large  scale  in  many  sections ;  but  the  low  wages  and  high 
skill  of  German,  British,  and  French  manufacturers  have 
made  it  more  profitable  to  import  chemicals  of  certain 
classes,  even  with  the  present  high  tariff"  rates,  than  to 
manufacture  them  here.     The  manufacture  of  flour  and 


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the  collateral  mill-products  is  an  important  pursuit.  This 
industry  formerly  had  its  principal  seat  in  tho  Atlantic 
States,  Wilmington,  Del.,  Rochester,  N.Y.,  and  Richmond, 
Va.,  lon^  having  a  special  pre-eminence  in  this  line.  St. 
Louis,  Mo.,  afterwards  acquired  a  high  fame  for  its  ex- 
cellent flour.  Latterly  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  hns  cumo  to 
the  front  as  a  place  for  flour-manufauturcs.  Of  late  various 
noir  prooe.<<sed  for  the  reduction  of  wheat  to  flour  have 
Tery  generally  superseded  the  old  methods,  one  of  the  good 
results  of  which  has  been  to  give  a  rolntivuly  high  value 
to  certain  grades  of  grain  formerly  considered  inferior. 
The  tobacco  manulauture  is  principally  located  in  tho 
casitern  half  of  a  central  zone  or  belt  of  the  country  pass- 
ing from  oast  to  west.  Firc-aruis  and  ammunition  are 
lunnufaotured  in  this  country  upon  a  largo  scale,  and  the 
out-turn  is  generally  of  excellent  quality.  Sewing- 
machines,  originally  invented  in  tho  United  States,  are 
Ktill  produced  bore  more  largely  and  of  better  quality 
than  elsewhere.  American  locomotives  and  riiilway-oars 
•re  largely  exported,  and  are  highly  esteemed  in  tliose 
countries  to  which  they  are  shipped.  Clocks  have  long 
been  a  specialty  with  American  manufacturers;  and  in 
later  years  watches  are  also  manufactured  upon  a  largo 
scale,  and,  considering  the  ordinary  ])rioes  of  American 
timekeepers,  their  excellence  is  surprising.  Agricultural 
implements  are  here  turned  out  on  a  very  large  iicale;  and 
their  superiority  in  point  of  style,  lightness,  durability, 
nud  finish  is  unquestioned.  An  interesting  feature  in 
American  manufactures  is  the  very  considerable  extent  of 
the  use  of  water-power  as  a  motive  agent.  Tho  rivers  of 
the  Atlantic  slope  of  the  Appalachian  region,  above  their 
navigable  sections,  for  the  most  part  abound  in  falls  and 
rapids  at  whicli  water-power  is  obtainable  at  moderate  cost. 
In  no  part  of  the  world  is  water-power  so  available  and 
abundant  as  in  the  Eastern  United  States.  Tho  compara- 
tively equal  distribution  of  tlie  rainfall  throughout  tlie 
year  favors  tho  utilization  of  water-power;  and  in  many 
sections  there  have  been  established  costly  and  extensive 
Ftornge-systems  by  which  a  part  of  tho  surplus  waters  of 
freshets  is  impounded  and  stored  against  seasons  of  drouglit. 
This  system,  originally  introduced  in  the  lake-districts  of 
the  New  England  States,  has  latterly  been  applied  with 
great  advantage  to  the  head-streams  of  tho  Mississippi,  in 
which  case  not  only  is  the  great  water-power  of  tho  Tails 
of  St.  Anthony  much  improved,  but  the  navigation  of  the 
river  below  that  point  is  facilitated  during  low  stages  of 
water.  In  18S0  nearly  36  per  cent,  of  the  total  power 
used  for  manufacturing  purposes  was  water-power.  As  yet, 
however,  only  a  very  small  fraction  of  the  available  power 
from  this  source  is  utilized.  In  most  largo  establishments 
using  water-power  steam  affords  a  subsidiary  power.  The 
largest  cities  of  the  country,  like  New  York,  Philadelphia, 
and  Brooklyn,  have  latterly  taken  on  the  character  of  great 
manufacturing  centres.  In  some  of  the  sections  which  have 
a  reliable  supply  of  natural  gas  available  for  fuel  purposes, 
manufacturing  interests  have  latterly  received  a  strong  de- 
velopment ;  but  the  question  of  the  probable  permanency  of 
the  gas-supply  is  still  debated.  Ship-building,  formerly 
an  interest  of  the  first  importance,  has  declined  with  the 
decline  of  foreign  commerce.  The  New  England  States 
Btill  construct  many  wooden  vessels,  chiefly  adapted  for 
the  coastwise  trade,  and  at  several  pl.-vces  on  the  Delaware 
(Chester,  Philadelphia,  AVilmington,  Camden)  iron  ships 
are  built.  Tho  transatlantic  trade  of  the  country  is  now 
principally  carried  on  under  foreign  flags,  though  quite  a 
large  number  of  the  ships  employed  are  owned  wholly  or 
partly  in  the  United  States.  By  far  the  most  important 
article  of  export  from  the  country  is  cotton.  Meat  and 
provisions,  wheat,  petroleum,  flour,  Indian  corn,  tobacco, 
timber,  iron  and  steel,  cattle,  sugar,  leather  and  leather 
goods,  oil-cake,  copper,  crudo  oils,  cliemicals,  fish,  naval 
stores,  machinery,  and  coal  are  the  other  leading  articles 
of  export.  The  imports  are  in  most  years  considerably 
lower  in  aggregate  value  than  the  exports.  The  princi- 
pal articles  iuiported  are  sugar  and  molasses,  wool  and 
woollen  goods,  chemicals,  coifee,  iron  and  steel,  flax, 
hemp  and  jute,  raw  nnd  manufactured,  cottou  goods 
of  certain  grades,  hides,  skins,  furs,  silk,  raw  and  manu- 
factured, fruits,  tea,  wood  and  timber,  leather,  tobacco, 
india-rubber,  paper  and  books,  jewelry,  precious  stones, 
live-stock,  wines,  pottery  and  glass-wares.  There  is  a 
large  duiy,  parity  for  revenue  and  partly  for  protection, 
levied  upon  imported  goods  of  nearly  every  class ; 
and  these  customs  duties,  with  the  taxes  on  tobacco  and 
spirits,  yield  the  principal  revenue  of  tho  general  govern- 
ment. State  and  local  revenues  are  mainly  derived  from 
taxation,  the  internal  trade  of  the  country  being  entirely 


free  from  any  restriction  of  the  kind.    State  and    d 
taxation  is  principally  levied  on  real  and  personal  t\ 
and  on  polls.    Pergonal  income  taxes  were  never  popul 
the  country,  although  they  were  for  r.  time  levied. 

The  statistics  of  the  various  manufacturing  inilu- 1 
in  the  reports  of  the  eleventh  census  arc  at  tliin  mj 
very  incomplete,  and  it  is  imjmssible  to  give  onv  >|f 
factory  figures  concerning  the  recent  induoiriiil  liiniL 
ments.  It  is  safe,  however,  to  say  that  in  every  jecti .  r 
the  country  manufacturing  industries  have  been  .Me,  . 
growing.  In  fact,  they  are  acquiring  rclntively  j,'rf > 
importance  as  compared  with  the  agricultural  iniir - 
Some  industries,  while  inerca.«ing  in  the  aggrceatc,  1  j 
diminished  in  certain  localities.  There  has  been,  f.ir' 
ample,  a  remarkable  growth  in  tho  manufiicturi'  nf 
and  steel,  but  the  product  comes  mainly  from  sudi  - 
as  Pennsylvania  and  Alabama,  where  both  the  iron  .•!.  i 
the  coal  are  readily  accessible,  whereas,  iu  New  Kul-I  i 
this  industry  has  been  practically  abandoned.  For  a  sil. 
lar  reason  an  increase  of  cotton-mills  is  obHcrvnhle  in  i. 
South.  A  tendency  towards  the  concentration  of  iiianul. 
tories  in  the  vicinity  of  great  centres  is  also  uoticeiil<le,| 

During  the  late  war  the  American  merchant  iiiari 
especially  in  tho  foreign  trade,  was  almost  obliterated,  ij 
for  some  years  afterwards  scarcely  any  cflort  was  iii| 
towards  repairing  the  great  damage,  eitlier  in  the  purch! 
or  in  the  building  of  vessels;  but  a  marked  change  j 
begun,  and  the  later  statistics  of  the  principal  porti  sh 
that  the  number  of  vessels  carrying  tho  American  f 
abroad  has  considerably  increased. 

The  rivers  of  tho  United  States  afford  a  great  aggrcg 
of  navigable  inland  waters.  Although  this  was  the  li 
country  in  tho  world  to  adopt  internal  stcam-navi;;ali/ 
of  late  tho  relative  importance  of  this  menus  of  tnin?|)' 
tation  has  swiftly  declined,  owing  to  the  vast  ex'ensinn 
the  railway-system.  In  railway-mileage  tiie  United  Sta 
easily  takes  the  first  rank  among  the  nations.  Tranfiw 
tation  by  canals,  which  forms  such  an  important  fcati 
in  tho  inland  commerce  of  some  other  countries,  has  iic. 
assumed  great  importance  in  the  United  States,  ami 
fact  many  of  the  canals  which  have  been  consiructcd  ha 
latterly  been  abandoned.  The  principal  one  at  ])rt«i 
operated  is  tho  Erie  Canal,  extending  from  Bufiiili)  t 
Lake  Erie  to  tho  Hudson  River  at  Albany.  This  canal  h 
been  an  important  factor  in  establishing  the  commerci 
supremacy  of  Now  York.  Almost  every  place  of  any  si 
in  tho  country  is  reached  by  telegraph-lines  ;  nnd  the  tel 
phone-system  is  more  extensively  developed  than  in  ail 
other  country  in  the  world. 

The  JiHheriea  of  the  United  States  are  largely  carried  « 
upon  the  Newfoundland  and  Labrador  coasts,  and  ncartl 
shores  of  the  eastern  provinces  of  Canada.  There  is  alio 
largo  and  growing  fishery  on  tho  Alaskan  shores,  and  It 
waters  of  that  region  are  thought  to  be  more  rich  in  fit 
than  those  of  any  other  part  of  tho  world.  Local  fisberi* 
are  carried  on  upon  all  the  sea-coasts.  Tho  fisheries  of  th 
great  lakes  are  also  highly  important.  Salmon  is  extei! 
sively  taken  in  many  of  tho  streams  of  the  Pacific  slop* 
the  shad  and  alewife  are  important  anadromous  fi.-ihes  o 
tho  rivers  of  the  Atlantic  slope.  Tho  uicnhaden-fislierie 
afford  much  oil  and  fish-guano.  The  whale-fishery,  i 
which  American  enterprise  formerly  took  tlie  first  plnc« 
is  now  comparatively  unimportant.  The  fur-seal  and  sea 
otter  are  largely  captured  for  their  valuable  furs,  cliieB. 
in  the  waters  of  Alaska.  Belkofsky,  in  Alaska,  is  th 
chief  scat  of  the  sea-otter  fishery,  and  the  Pribylov  Island* 
in  Behring's  Sea,  of  the  fur  seal  business.  Seal  fur«  ol 
excellent  quality,  but  of  another  species  are  also  collected 
principally  by  American  seamen,  in  the  remote  and  for* 
bidding  regions  of  the  Antarctic  Ocean. 

Fiiiancee,  Public  Debt,  Wealth,  tfcc— The  public  debt  ir«^ 
largely  built  up  in  meeting  the  expenses  of  the  lute  war! 
but  since  its  close  the  government  has  sought  steadily  t< 
reduce  it  as  rapidly  as  was  consistent  with  the  welfare  of 
the  country,  and  its  success  has  been  almost  marvelluus. 

Prior  to  1862  the  paper  moiiei/  used  in  this  country  coBJ] 
sisted  of  notes  issued  by  state  banks  throughout  the  laiidi' 
these  notes  differed  very  greatly  in  value  as  a  purchasing 
and  circulating  medium,  their  value  depending  upon  the 
nature  of  the  banking  and  bank-note  laws  of  the  various 
states  wherein  the  banks  were,  the  standing  and  general  re- 
pute of  the  individual  banks,  and  numerous  other  con- 
ditions or  circumstances.  On  June  .SO,  IStiO,  the  entire  vol- 
ume oi  paper  money  in  the  United  States  was  $207,102,477, 
theactual  value  of  which  no  one  could  possibly  compute. 
In  1862  the  United  States  congress  authorUed  "le  ij*" 
of  demand  notes  and  legal-tender  notes,  and  $o3,0i0,000  «• 


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I  s  one  nnd  $96,620,000  of  the  other  class  were  then  issuod. 
',  1863  the  impolicy  of  keeping  in  circulation  demand  notes 
;  ving  become  evident,  they  were  recalled,  and  an  increased 
1  mber  of  legal-tenders  was  issued,  so  that  on  the  30th  of 
,ne  there  were  $3,351,019  in  demand  and  S2U7,767,1U 
i  legal-tender  notes  in  circulation,  besides  $238,677,218 
I  gt»te-bank   notes.     It  was  now  deemed   expedient  to 

<  late  a  system  of  national  banks,  and  to  strengthen  them 
',TB  were  enacted  imposing  a  tax  upon  state-bank  circu- 

■  ion  which  was  so  heavy  as  to  be  practically  prohibitory. 
I  June  30,  1864,  the  aggregate  value  of  the  paper  cur- 
;icy  was  $833,718,984,  made  up  of  $179,157,717  state 
id  $31,235,270  national-bank  notes,  $780,999  demand 
id  $431,178,670  legal- tender  notes,  $22,«94,S77  United 
litea  fractional  currency,  and  the  rest,  $168,471,450,  con- 
I  ted  of  certain  experimental  issues  called  "one-  and  two- 
;  vr  notes"  and  "  compound-interest  notes."  This  was  the 
(rk  year  of  the  war,  when  the  purchasing  power  of  the 
;  h-ernment  paper  fell  to  a  little  more  than  one-third  of 

:   face  value.     The  number  of  state-bank  notes  grew  less 

■  ry  rapidly,  and  the  number  of  national-bank  notes  in- 
1  lasod  still  more  rapidly.  The  close  of  the  war  gave  the 
i  vernment  and  national-bank  notes  an  upward  tendency 
;  value,  and  the  ability  and  willingness  of  the  United 
I  ites  to  pay  its  obligations  by  the  resumption  of  specie 
jyments  brought  the  paper  up  to  par  on  the  1st  of 
.nuary,  1879.  The  Resumption  Act  which  went  into 
I  eration  at  that  date  was  not,  however,  the  effective 
I  ISO  of  the  resumption.  Several  months  before  that  date 
I )  paper  currency  of  the  country  was  practically  ex- 
I  ingeable,  dollar  for  dollar,  with  gold  coin.  Thus  the 
iiumption  of  specie  payments  was  largely  a  result  of 
inmercial  causes.  In  1873  the  congress  of  the  United 
!  itC8,  following  the  example  of  most  of  the  leading  com- 
:  iroial  countries  of  Europe,  passed  a  law  for  the  ileiuoneti- 
I  ion  of  silver.  The  Silver  Bill  of  1878,  however,  per- 
;  tted  the  coinage  of  silver  at  the  rate  of  S2,000,000  per 

I  mth  on  government  account.  Since  the  United  States 
i  ve  for  many  years  furnished  annually  more  than  half 
IS  silver  mined  in  the  world,  the  capitalists  interested  in 
IS  mining  of  silver  have  naturally  desired  to  make  a 

Iter  home  market  for  their  product;  and  their  position 
is  been  strengthened  by  the  ])revalent  belief  that  the 
■rld's  production  of  gold,  taking  one  year  with  another, 
iso  uncertain  and  varialile  that  gold,  as  a  single  com- 
isreial  standard,  mui't  of  necessity  be  subject  to  great 
i;ual   changes   of  value,   which   must   tend    to   unsettle 

ices.      The   great  excess  of  receipts  over  expenses  has 

II  to  a  large  accumulation  of  specie  in  the  United  States 
'easury.  The  great  practical  convenience  of  a  paper 
inency  has  induced  the  issue  of  gold  and  silver  trcasury- 
it03,  convertible  at  any  time  into  specie,  consequent  upon 

lich  there  has  been  a  small  reduction  in  the  volume  of  the 
i-called  "green-back"  currency  and  a  large  retirement  of 
tp  notes  issued  by  the  national  banks.  The  vastly-in- 
(sased  use  of  bank-checks  in  business  has  in  some  measure 
rved  as  a  practical  expansion  of  the  circulating  medium. 

IlUlory. — The  earliest  settled  portion  of  the  present  ter- 
lory  of  the  United  States  was  Florida,  about  the  year 
|65;  but  as  this  state  was  not  acquired  until  1819,  and 
•  s,  moreover,  not  an  English  settlement,  it  is  usual  to 
(te  the  commencement  of  the  settlement  of  the  colonies 
'lich  formed  the  nucleus  of  the  present  confederation  from 
1 3  settlement  of  Jamestown,  in  Virginia,  in  1607.  The 
iler  of  the  settlement  of  the  other  original  states  (j'.e., 
iites  of  the  Revolution)  was  New  York,  by  the  Dutch, 

Fort  Orange  (now  Albany),  in  1614  ;   Massachusetts,  at 

rmouth,  in  1620  ;  New  Hampshire  and  Maine,  in  1623  ; 

w  Jersey,  about  1624;  Delaware,  about  1627  ;  Connecti- 
in  1G33;  Maryland,  in  1634;-35;  Rhode  Island,  in 
[56;   North  Carolina  (permanently),  between   1040  and 

0;  South  Carolina,  about  1670;  Pennsylvania,  in  169>2; 

1  Georgia,  in  1733.  These  were  all  English  settlements 
jith  admixtures  from  Germany,  Ireland,  and  Scotland), 
pept   New   .Jersey  and   Delaware;    the   former   having 

n  settled  by  Dutch,  Swedes,  and  English,  and  the  latter 

Swedes. 

he  first  contest  in  which  the  colonics  unitedly  and  gen- 

lly  took  part  was  the  Old  Frcntih  and  Indian  War,  con- 

<  ded  by  the  Peace  of  Paris  in  1763;  the  interval  between 
1  ich  and  the  skirmish  at  Lexington,  April  19,  1775  (the 
I  ual  commencement  of  the  Revolution),  was  little  else 
1  in  a  contest  with  the  mother  country  concerning  disputed 
ihts.  The  battle  of  Lexington  taught  the  British  that 
iivas  no  mere  sedition  they  had  attempted  to  put  down, 
U  that  they  had  to  contend  with  men   animated  by  a 

purpose;   and  in  July,  1776,  the  great  event  took 


place  which  changed  the  entire  character  of  the  war  by 
placing  the  colonics  before  the  world  as  a  self-declared 
nation, — the  Declaration  of  Independence  was  adopted  by 
the  congress  in  session  in  Philadelphia,  and  warmly  en- 
dorsed and  sustained  by  the  people.  From  this  time  on 
the  war  was  waged  with  renewed  earnestness,  and  with 
a  fixed  determination  on  the  part  of  the  Americans  to 
achieve  the  independence  that  had  been  declared.  After 
many  reverses  and  long  periods  of  adversity,  the  British 
government  acknowledged  the  independence  of  the  Amer- 
ican Republic,  the  treaty  being  concluded  in  1783. 

The  government  that  carried  the  nation  through  the  try- 
ing scenes  of  the  Revolution  was  a  simple  confederation  of 
states,  represented  by  members  elected  by  the  legislature 
of  each  of  the  13  separate  sovereignties.  This  depended 
for  its  effectiveness  on  the  willing  obedience  of  the  great 
mass  of  the  population.  This  government  endured  from 
1777  to  1787,  when  a  convention  of  delegates,  representing 
all  the  states,  framed  the  present  constitution,  which  went 
into  operation  March  4,  1789,  by  the  inauguration  of 
Washington  as  president.  An  experience  of  more  th.in 
ninety  years  tinder  this  constitution  has  more  than  justifitd 
the  favorable  predictions  of  its  most  zealous  supporters. 

The  disturbed  state  of  Eurojje,  consequent  upon  the 
breaking  out  of  the  French  Revolution,  acted  favorably  for 
the  development  of  the  resources  of  the  United  States, 
exhausted  by  a  long  war,  as  it  created  a  market  for  her 
agricultural  products  and  gave  her  a  large  portion  of  the 
carrying-trade  of  the  world. 

The  nation  steadily  prospered,  growing  in  area  by  the 
peaceful  acquisition,  by  purchase  from  France  in  1803,  of 
the  territory  of  Louisiana,  embracing  the  extended  dis- 
trict of  the  Lower  Mississippi  Valley  and  a  broad  strip  west 
of  the  river,  and  sixteen  years  later  of  Florida,  by  cession 
of  Spain,  but  growing  more  remarkably  in  population,  in 
consequence  of  a  large  and  constant  stream  of  immigra- 
tion augmenting  very  greatly  the  natural  increase  among 
a  vigorous,  healthy,  and  prosperous  people.  The  growth  in 
material  wealth  was  no  less  rapid,  as  agriculture,  manu- 
factures, and  mining  were  energetically  and  intelligently 
prosecuted  and  developed  in  all  parts  of  the  country. 
Meanwhile  new  states  were  admitted  (see  dates,  ifcc,  in 
table  of  areas  above),  some  the  outgrowth  of  the  older  ones, 
others  the  result  of  the  rapid  settlement  of  the  western 
wilds. 

In  1812-14  occurred  the  second  war  with  Great  Britain, 
which  ended  in  a  peace  ratilied  February,  1815.  With 
this  exception,  and  the  exception  of  the  i-cpeatcd  Indian 
wars  that  have  from  its  earliest  days  been  necessarily 
fought  by  the  United  States,  this  country  had  a  peaceful 
career  until  1846,  when  the  war  with  Mexico  broke  out,  in 
consequence  of  the  admission  of  Texas  (which  see)  to  the 
Union.  This  war  ended  in  1848,  Jlexico  ceding  to  the  United 
States  a  considerable  tract  of  her  domains  (see  California 
and  New  Mexico).  The  discovery  of  gold  in  this  new  ter- 
ritory led  to  an  immense  influx  of  immigrants,  not  only 
from  the  older  states  but  from  all  parts  of  the  civilized 
world,  and  California  rapidly  grew  into  an  important  state. 
Peace  again  prevailed  until  1861,  when  the  civil  war  broke 
out,  which  continued  for  four  years,  from  the  12th  of 
April,  ISfil,  when  the  first  gun  was  fired,  in  the  bombard- 
ment of  Fort  Sumter,  until  the  9th  of  April,  1865,  when 
the  war  was  practically  ended  by  the  surrender  of  General 
Lee  at  Appomattox  Court-IIouse.  Five  days  later  the  re- 
joicing of  the  nation  was  turned  to  mourning  by  the  assas- 
sination of  President  Lincoln,  whose  virtues  had  endeared 
him  to  nearly  all  classes  and  compelled  the  respect  of  those 
who,  for  the  time  being,  were  foes  to  his  cause.  Andrew 
Johnson,  the  vice-president,  succeeded  under  the  constitu- 
tion, and,  notwithstanding  the  disturbed  condition  of  the 
country,  the  orderly  administration  of  the  government  was 
not  interrupted,  thus  vindicating  in  the  most  emphatio 
manner  the  perfection  of  the  national  constitution  and 
demonstrating  the  patriotism  of  the  American  people. 

The  war  was  no  sooner  ended  than  measures  were  de- 
vised and  put  in  course  of  operation  for  the  return  of  the 
lately  seceded  states  to  their  proper  status  in  the  Union. 
These  measures  have  so  signally  succeeded  that  the  Union 
IS  to-day  stronger  than  ever,  and  a  stranger  visiting  the 
American  Repul)lic  would  scarcely  realize  that  so  great  an 
internecine  war  had  raged  within  so  recent  a  time.  The 
system  of  slavery  which  prevailed  in  a  part  of  the  country 
before  tho  war  has  ceased,  and  with  it  has  ended  much  of 
the  sectional  feeling  which  had  before  embittered  the  poli- 
tics of  the  country. 

United  States  of  Colombia.  See  Colombia  (La 
RerdBLiCA  db  CoLOiiBiA). 


UNI 


2692 


UPO 


Unitin,yu-nigh'e-9,  a  post-hamlot  of  Loudon  oo.,  Tonn., 
on  tho  iloldton  or  Tennessee  Uivor,  about  22  milos  below 
Knoxville.     It  has  2  churobos. 

Unity,  yu'n^-te,  a  township  and  station  of  Alexander 
eo.,  III.,  on  tho  Cairo  A  St.  Louis  Kuilroud,  11  miles  N.  by 
W.  of  Cairo.     Pop.  570. 

Unity,  a  township  of  Piatt  co.,  III.     Pop.  9.34. 

Unity,  a  hamlet  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa,  near  tho  Bur- 
lington, Cedar  Rapids  <l;  Northern  Railroad,  about  20  miles 
N.W.  of  Cedar  Rapids. 

Unity,  a  nnst-otlioe  of  Johnson  co.,  Iowa,  about  10  miles 
W.  of  Iowa  City. 

Unity,  a  plantation  of  Kennebec  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  68. 

Unity,  a  post-villn;;e  in  Unity  township,  Waldo  eo., 
Mo.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  2fi  miles 
N.W.  of  Belfast,  and  about  32  miles  N.K.  of  Augusta. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  starch, 
ploughs.  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1201. 

Unity,  a  village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md.,  about  28 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  2  churches.  The 
name  of  its  post-oSice  is  Sunshine. 

Unity,  a  post-office  of  Scotland  co..  Mo.,  7  or  8  miles 
S.W.  of  Mcmi>his. 

Unity,  a  post-hamlet  in  Unity  township,  Sullivan  co., 
N.ll.,  about  7  miles  S.B.  of  Claremont,  and  40  miles  W.  by 
N.  of  Concord.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  township,  844. 

Unity,  a  township  of  Rowan  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  89:1. 

Unity,  a  village  of  Adams  co.,  0.,  in  Oliver  township, 
11  !iiiles  S.E.  of  Winchester.     Post-office,  Wheat  Ridge. 

Unity,  a  post-hamlet  in  Unity  township,  Columbiana 
CO.,  0.,  which  is  intersected  by  tho  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne 
A  Chicago  Railroad,  and  is  about  16  miles  S.W.  of  New 
Castle,  Pa.  It  has  a  church.  The  township  contains  tho 
village  of  New  Waterford,  and  has  a  pop.  (1880)  of  3114. 

Unity,  a  township  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  3624. 
It  contains  Beatty,  Pleasant  Unity,  and  Youngstown. 

Unity,  a  township  of  Clark  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  239. 

Unity,  a  post-village  of  Marathon  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  47  miles  W.N.W.  of  Stevens 
Point. 

Unityville,  yu'n§-te-vll,  a  post-village  of  Lycoming 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  28  miles  E.  of  Williamsport.  It  has  2 
churches. 

University  at  Lewisburg.    See  LEWisBuno. 

University  of  Alabama.    See  Tuscaloosa. 

University  of  California.    See  Berkeley. 

University  of  Chicago.    See  Chicago. 

University  of  Cincinnati.    See  CiNciN>fATi. 

University  of  Des  31oines.    See  Des  Moines. 

University  of  Georgia.    See  Athens. 

University  of  Michigan.    See  Ann  Arbou. 

University  of  Minnesota.    See  Minneapolis, 

University  of  Mississippi.    See  Oxford. 

University  of  Missouri.    See  Columbia. 

University  of  Nebraska,    See  Lincoln. 

University  of  New  York.    See  New  York  City. 

University  of  North  Carolina.  See  CHArKLlIiLL. 

University  of  Notre  Dame.    See  Notre  Dame. 

University  of  Oregon.    See  Eugene  City, 

University  of  Pennsylvania.    See  Philadelphia. 

University  of  Rochester.    Sec  Rochester, 

University  of  Saint  Mary.    See  Galveston. 

University  of  South  Carolina.    See  Columbia, 

University  of  the  Pacific.    See  Santa  Clara, 

University  of  the  South.    See  Sewanre. 

University  of  Vermont.    See  Burlington. 

University  of  Virginia,  a  post-office  of  Albemarle 
CO.,  Va.,  on  tho  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad,  1  mile  from 
Charlottesville.  Here  is  the  seat  of  the  University  of  Vir- 
ginia, which  was  founded  in  1825,  and  which  has  20  in- 
structors and  an  attendance  of  about  400  students. 

University  of  Wisconsin.    See  Madison. 

University  of  Wooster,  Ohio.    See  Wooster, 

University  Station,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  N.C, 
on  the  North  Carolina  Railroad,  about  30  miles  N.W,  of 
Raleigh. 

Unkiar-Skelessi,  o5n'ke-aR  ski-lcs'sce,  (i.e.,  "land- 
ing-place of  the  emperor"),  a  village  of  Asia  Minor,  on  the 
Bosporus,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Constantinople.     It  has  a  large 

Eaper-factory,  but  is  chiefly  known  for  the  treaty  signed 
ere  in  1833  between  Russia  and  Turkey. 
Unna,  66n'nd,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  19 
miles  N.W.  of  Arnsborg.     It  has  manufactures  of  cottons, 
and  extensive  salt-works,  and  was  one  of  the  Ilanse  towns. 
Pop.  7323. 

Unna,  Con'nl,  a  river  of  Bosnia,  after  a  tortuous  N. 
Murse  of  110  miles,  joins  the  Save  65  miles  S.E.  of  Agram. 


irtioB 
rIamL 


war. 

kI  b/ 

I'PEE 

in  ill 
,283 


Its  chief  affluent  is  tho  Unnatz,  on  which  Is  tho'u»«fif 
Unnnt7..  I    "'* 

Unruhstadt,  CCn'roo-stAtt"  (Polish,  Karge,  I  '«j,,i,> 
a  town  of  Prussia,  50  miles  S.W.  of  I'oscn.     I''„i  s*.   " 

Unsha,  a  town  and  river  of  Russia.    Pc.  ' 

Unsingis,  the  ancient  name  of  tho  Hi  n 

Unst,  anst,  one  of  the  most  N.  of  the  Sin 
Scotland,   separated    from   Yell   on   the  S.\\ 
Sound,  1  mile  across.    Length,  II  milos;  biii 
Area,  36  square  miles.     Pop.  2780.     Unst  has  a  \  u '«  «, 
Uyea  Sound,  at  its  S.  side.    It  contains  sdino  coiiil'lj,.. 
sions,  and  is  skirted  all  round  by  Scandinnviiui  ti.  r» 

Unstrut,  Oon'slroot,  a  river  of  Prusvinn  .^a\i I  Ji),. 
an  E.  course  of  1 10  miles,  joins  the  Saxon  Saalo  iic.  Xaurn. 
burg.     Its  princijial  aflluents  are  the  Wippcr  imj  l|u„ 

ifnter,  flOn't^r,  a  (jerman  word,  signifying'  lowrr" 
prefixed  to  numerous  names  in  Central  Eurupc.  ]  ilmL 
not  undermentioned,  see  additional  name. 

Unter  Ilranna,  Bohemia.    Sec  llKNNERsnon 

Unter  Diirnten,  Switzerland.    See  I)()rxtk> 

I'nter-IInbrowa,  Bohemia.    See  Habuowa 

Untermctzenseifen.    See  ALsO-.MKTZKxzti 

UntermUnsterthal,  oon't^r-miin'st^r-tAr,  i 
of  Bnden,  circle  of  Lower  Rhine.     Pop.  1771. 

Unter-See,  6on't§r-s.V,  the  W.  and  detached 
of  the  Lake  of  Constance,  between  Baden  and  Stri 
Length,  10  miles. 

Unterseen,  i)fin't?r-si'?n,  a  town  of  Switzcrin,  caa 
ton  and  26  miles  S.E.  of  Bern,  in  the  Intci'lacbco  allej, 
between  Lakes  Thun  and  Brienz.     I'o]).  IS80. 

Untertiirkheim,  ofinH^r-tiiuk'hime,  a  village 
teiiiberg,  S.E.  of  Cannstadt,  with  which  it  is  conne 
railway,  on  the  Neckar.     Pop.  2949. 

Un'terwaPden  (Oer.  j)ron.  C5nn9r-*Srd^n), 
and  Lower,  two  contiguous  cantons  of  Switzcrlun 
centre,  having  N.  the  Lake  of  Lucerne.  United  a 
square  miles.  Pop.  of  Upper  Unterwaldcn,  I5,{ 
Lower  Unterwaldcn,  11,993.  It  consists  of  4  va' 
which  pasturage  and  dairy  husbandry  are  the  v.. 
ploymcnts.  Corn  is  imported  from  Lucerne;  clic^ 
ber,  and  fuel  are  the  principal  exports.  It  forni 
Uri  and  Schwytz,  early  in  the  thirteenth  ccm 
nucleus  of  the  Swiss  Confederation.  After  Siui,  i.„ 
principal  villages  are  Engelberg  and  Stanz.  I 

Unverre,  uNoH-aiR',  a  village  of  France,  in  F'c-rt 
Loir,  1 2  miles  N.W.  of  Chiltcaudun.     P.  of  commui. 

Unyeh,  Unieh,  or  Eunieh,  yoo'nc-?h  or  yu 
a  village  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  on  the  Black  Sea,  j..._ 
E.S.E.  of  Samsoon.     Near  it  are  iron-mines. 

Upa,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Ooi'A. 

Up'adrang',  a  town  of  India,  in  Nepaul,  35  mile  l.V, 
of  Khatinandoo. 

Up'arah,  a  fishing  village  of  India,  on  tho  I 
Bengal,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Vizagnpatain 

Upatoi,  or  Upatoie,  yu-pa-toy',  a  post-hair 
Muscogee  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Southwestern  Railroad,  2( 
E.N.E.  of  Columbus.     It  has  2  churches.  ! 

Upatoi  (or  Upatoy)  Creek,  Georgia,  forni,th« 
S.E.  boundary  of  Muscogee  co.,  and  enters  tho  Chatjioo- 
chce  River  about  8  miles  below  Columbus.  j 

ifp'degratPs,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  0.    j 

Upernavik,  oo'p?r-nl'vik,  the  northernmost  I|il»b 
settlement  in  Greenland.     Lat.  72°  40'  N.;  Ion.  56°  ! 

Upha,  a  town  and  river  of  Russia.    See  Oopa.     ; 

Upham,  up'am,  a  post-office  of  Shawano  co.,  Wl:! 

Upham,  up'am,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  New  Ijni- 
wick,  15  miles  from  Hampton,  and  25  miles  from  St.  bn. 
It  contains  several  stores  and  mills.     Pop.  200.  | 

Upham  Vale,  New  Brunswick.    See  IIamuosd  ^lk. 

Up'hill,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co.,  Ontario,  on  ^ad 
River,  1 1  miles  W.N.W.  of  Coboconk.  It  contains  a  cb  ;h, 
a  siore,  a  hotel,  and  3  saw-mills.     Pop.  100. 

Up'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  il- 
road  which  connects  Logansport  with  Union  City,  12  Jci 
S.E.  of  Marion.  It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill.  |>p. 
about  200.  i 

Upland,  a  post-office  of  Lyon  co.,  Iowa. 

Upland,  a  post-office  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas. 

Upland,  a  post-borough  in  Chester  township,  Dela  « 
CO.,  Pa.,  near  Chester  Creek,  and  on  the  Philadelph  4 
Baltimore  Central  Railroad,  2  miles  W.  of  Chester,  xl 
16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  contains  3  coia- 
factories,  2  churches,  and  the  Crozer  Theological  Semi  7 
(Ba 


of 


UPP 


2693 


UPP 


An,  CO  squixre  miles.     Pop.  16,568.     The  population  are 

istians.  It  affords  a  plentiful  supply  of  fruits  and 
T  ctablea. 

fp'per,  a  township  of  Capo  May  co.,  N.J.     Pop.  1483. 

Tpper,  a  township  of  Chowan  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  1176. 

Tpper,  a  townsliip  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.     Pop.  2146. 

Fpper  Al'lcu,  a  township  of  Cumberland  co.,  Pa. 
I'l.  1341. 

Fpper  Al'loway'8  Creek,  a  township  of  Salem  co., 
l4.    Pop.  3062. 

Tppcr  Alps,  France.    See  IIautes-Alpes. 

Jppcr  Alton,  all't^n,  a  post-village  of  Madison  oo., 
li  on  the  Ciiicago  &  Alton  Kailroad,  li  miles  N.E.  of 
,\pn.  It  is  the  seat  of  Slmrtlcff  College  (Baptist),  organ- 
ill  in  1832,  and  has  6  churches,  and  manufactures  of  drain- 
i!!,  roofing-tile,  and  salamander-ware.  Upper  Alton  is 
'•  neoted  with  St.  Louis  by  the  Jacksonville,  Tcrre  Haute 
J  t.  Louis  Rjiilroad  and  the  Rockford,  Hock  Island  &  St.. 
I  lis  Railroad.     Pop.  about  2000. 

Jppcr  Am'monoo'siic,  a  small  river  of  Coos  co., 
1 1.,  enters  the  Connecticut  lliver  at  Northumberland. 
■  Jpper  Aqiicbogue,  ak'kwe-bCg,  a  post-hamlct  in 
JV-erhoad  township,  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  near  the  Long  Island 
lilroad,  3  miles  E.  of  Ilivcrhoad,  and  1  mile  from  Pcconic 
ik-.     It  has  a  church. 

^pper  Asto'ria,  a  post-offico  of  Clatsop  co.,  Oregon. 
iJpper  Augus'ta,  a  township  of  Northumberland  co., 
'■     Pop.  1246. 

pper  Aus'tria,  a  crown-land  of  Austro-IIungary, 

ming  with  Lower  Austria  the  so-called  archduchy  of 

stria.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Bohemia,  E.  by  Lower 
jstria,  S.E.  by  Styria,  S.W.  by  Salzburg,  and  W.  and  N.W. 
lt| Bavaria.     Area,  4633  square  miles.     Pop.  730,557. 

pper  Avon,  England.    See  Avon. 

pper  Bann,  Ireland.    See  Banx. 

pper  Uart'lett,  a  station  in  Carroll  co.,  N.II.,  on  the 
Irtland  &,  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  72  miles  N.W.  of  Port- 
li.d,  .Me. 

iUpper  Bed'ford,  a  post-village  in  Missisquoi  co., 
cbee,  on  Pike  River,  2i  miles  from  Stanbridge.     It  con- 

8  3  churches,  8  stores,  3  hotels,  2  saw-raills,  a  grist-mill, 

iron-foundry,  a  scythe-factory,  a  sewing-machine-fao- 
■y,  a  tannery,  2  sash-  and  blind-fivctories,  a  carriage-shop, 
liarness-shops,  and  an  organ-factory.     Pop.  lOUO. 

Jpper  Bern,  a  post-office  in  Upper  Born  township, 

ks  CO.,  Pa.,  about  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Reading.     The 

nship  is  bounded  E.  by  Schuylkill  River.     Pop.  2003. 
,  Jpper  Black  Ed'dy,  a  post-village  in  Nockamixon 
;vnship,  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  i  mile 
m  Milford,  N.J.,  and  about  13  miles  below  Easton. 


l£' 


pper  (or  New)  Califor'nia  (Sp.  Alta  Cali/umia, 
hi  ki-le-fou'ne-i,  or  A'ueva  (nwi'va)  California),  the 
yuje  formerly  applied  to  the  Spanish  province  or  territory 
|ng  immediately  N.  of  Lower  or  Old  California.  From  it 
Jve  been  formed  Nevada  and  the  whole  of  the  present  state 
i  California.  It  also  included  portions  of  the  present  ter- 
lories  of  Utah  and  Arizona.  See  California. 
Upper  Ca'nard',  a  village  in  Kings  co..  Nova  Scotia, 
'  Canard  River,  4  miles  from  Kcntville.  It  contains  2 
i>re8.     Pop.  150. 

Upper  Caraquette,  kl'ri'k^t',  a  post-office  in  Glou- 
>ter  CO.,  New  Brunswick,  42i  miles  from  Batburst.     See 

iRAQUKTTF. 

Upper  Cheat,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  W.  Va. 
Upper  Chich'estcr,  a  township  of  Delaware  co..  Pa. 
»p.  1437. 

Upper  Clear  Lake,  Lake  co.,  Cal.    See  Uppeu  Lake. 
Upper  Clinch,  a  post-offico  of  Hancock  co.,  Tenn. 
Upperco,  up'per-koo',  a  post-hamlet  of  Baltimore  oo., 
d.,  about  9  miles  E.  of  Westminster. 
Upper  Creek,  a  township  of  Burke  co.,  N.C.  P.  1736. 
Upper  Creek,  Kanawha  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Chesa- 
Ake  &  Ohio  Railroad.     Hero  is  a  coal-mine. 
Upper  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlct  of  Harford  co., 
d.,  about  22  miles  N.N.E.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  a  church. 
Upper  Dam,  a  post-office  of  Oxford  co..  Me. 
Upper  Dar'by,  a  post-township  of  Delaware  co.,  Pa., 
contiguous  to  West  Philadelphia,  and  is  intersected  by 
le  West  Chester  <t  Philadelphia  Railroad.     Its  surface  is 
oa.santly  diversified.    It  contains  Kellysville,  Garrettford, 
Id  Clifton.     Pop.  In  1830,  4699. 

Upper  Dub'lin,  a  post-township  of  Montgomery  oo., 
t.,  about  15  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It  contains  Jar- 
tttown  and  Three  Tuns,  and  Ambler  Station  of  the  North 
ennsylvania  Railroad.  Pop.  1588. 
Upper  Uyke  Vill'age,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co., 
ova  Scotia,  5J  miles  from  Kcntville.     Pop.  140. 


Upper  Econ'omy,  a  post-village  in  Colchester  co., 
Nova  Scotia,  on  Cobequid  Bay,  21i  miles  from  Londonderry. 
It  contains  3  stores,  and  mills  and  ship-yards.     Pop.  425. 

Upper  Fair'lield,  a  township  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa. 
Pop.  770. 

Upper  Fair'mount,  a  post-office  of  Somerset  co.,  Md. 

Upper  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.^ 
near  (jiinpowder  River,  about  16  miles  N.E.  of  Baltimore. 

Upper  Falls,  Essex  co.,  N.Y.    See  Ale.xandhia. 

Upper  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  on 
Black  River,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cavendish,  and  36  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Rutland.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Upper  Falls  of  Coal,  a  post-office  of  Kanawha  co., 
W.  Va.,  on  Coal  River,  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Charleston. 

Upper  Fish'ing  Creek,  a  township  of  Edgecombe 
CO.,  N.C.     Pop.  2064. 

Upper  Fork,  a  township  of  Burke  co.,  N.C.    P.  594. 

Upper  Free'hold,  a  township  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J. 
Pop.  3640. 

Upper  French'ville,  a  post-office  of  Aroostook  CO.,  Mo. 

Upper  Frome,  England.    See  Frome. 

Upper  (iage'town,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co..  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  river  St.  John,  8  miles  above  Gagetown. 
It  contains  2  stores,  a  grist-mill,  and  3  saw-mills.     P.  200, 

Upper  Glade,  a  post-offico  of  Webster  co.,  W.  Va. 

Upper  Glogau,  Prussia.    See  Little  Glocau. 

Upper  Gloucester,  glSs't?r,  a  post-hamlet  in  New 
Gloucester  township,  Cumberland  co..  Mo.,  26  miles  N.  of 
Portland,  and  1  mile  AV.  of  the  Maine  Central  ILailroad.  It 
has  2  s.aw-mills  and  a  grist-mill. 

Upper  Grand  Valley  Butte,  bate,  Colorado,  a 
mountain  in  lat.  40°  21'  23"  N.,  Ion.  105°  55'  W.  It  has 
an  altitude  of  12,513  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Upper  Green  River,  a  hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y., 
8  miles  S.E.  of  Chatham  Village.     It  has  2  churches. 

Upper  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co.,  Iowa, 
about  30  miles  S.AV.  of  Mason  City.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
grist-mill. 

Upper  Hack'ensack,  a  station  of  the  New  Jersey 
&  New  York  Railroad,  in  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  15  miles  from 
New  York,  on  the  river  Hackensack. 

Upper  Hamburg,  Now  Jersey.  See  Hardystonville. 

Upper  Ilamp'stead,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co., 
New  Brunswick,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  river  St.  John,  40 
miles  from  St.  John.     Pop.  160. 

Upper  Han'over,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  P.a. 
Pop.  2197. 

Upper  HilI'ville,  a  station  in  Clarion  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  River,  and  on  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  75 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Pittsburg.     Coal  is  mined  near  it. 

Upper  Hollow,  or  Normansville,  a  hamlet  of 
Albany  co..  N.Y.,  4  miles  W.  of  Albany.   It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Upper  Ilom'iuy,  a  township  of  Buncombe  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  1323. 

Upper  I'owa  River  rises  in  Mower  co.,  Minn.,  and 
flows  along  the  N.  boundary  of  Howard  co.,  Iowa.  It  next 
runs  southeastward  to  Decorah,  below  which  its  direction 
is  nearly  northeastward.  It  intersects  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa, 
and  enters  the  Mississippi  River  at  the  N.E.  corner  of 
Iowa,  after  a  course  of  nearly  150  miles.  It  flows  in  a 
narrow,  winding,  picturesque  valley  bordered  by  limestone 
bluffs,  which  in  some  places  are  nearly  400  feet  high. 

Upper  Jay,  a  post-hamlct  of  Jay  township,  Essex  co., 
N.Y.,  about  30  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Plattsburg.  It  has  a 
church. 

Upper  Keechi  Creek,  Te.'cas.    See  KEEcni. 

Upper  Keswick,  kez'wik,  a  post-village  in  York  co.. 
New  Brunswick,  on  the  New  Brunswick  Railway,  28  miles 
from  Fredericton.  It  contains  a  saw-mill  and  3  stores. 
Pop.  150. 

Upper  La  Have,  li^hlv',  a  post-village  in  Lunenburg 
CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  La  Have  River,  9  miles  from  Lu- 
nenburg.    It  contains  2  saw-mills  and  3  stores.     Pop.  130. 

Upper  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Lake  co.,  Cal.,  at  the 
N.  end  of  Clear  Lake,  about  70  miles  N.  of  Pctaluma.  It 
is  surrounded  by  fertile  valleys  and  beautiful  mountains. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  200. 

Upper  Lea'cock,  a  township  of  Lancister  co..  Pa. 
Pop.  1U61. 

tipper  Le'high,  a  post-village  in  Foster  township, 
Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  about  15  miles  S.  of  Wilkesbarre.  It  is 
on  the  Nescopeo  Branch  of  the  Lehigh  A  Susquehanna 
Kailroad,  which  connects  it  with  Whitehaven.  It  has  4 
churches.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

Upper  Lisle,  lil,  a  post-village  in  Triangle  township, 
Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Otselic  River,  about  24  miles  M. 
of  Binghamton.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  247. 


n^p 


2694 


UPS 


Upper  Little  River,  a  township  of  Harnett  oo.,  N.C. 
Pop.  1221. 

tipper  Loire,  France.    See  Hautr-Loire. 

Upper  Loutre,  loo't^r,  a  township  of  Montgomery  oo., 
Mo.     Pop.  2468. 

Upper  Maco'pin,  a  post-bamlet  of  Passaio  oo.,  N.J., 

2  milc!)  from  Cliarlottoburg. 

Upper  AIncun'gie<  a  township  of  Lehigh  co.,  Pa. 
Pop.  3061.     It  contains  Fogelsvilic. 

Upper  Mad'awas'ka,  a  post-office  of  Aroostoolt  co., 
Mo.,  on  the  river  St.  John,  8  miles  above  Madawiisica. 

Upper  Ma^hauoy',  a  township  of  Northumberland 
00.,  Fa.     Pop.  878. 

Upper  Jna^han'tango,  a  township  of  Sohuylliill  co.. 
Pa.     Pop.  761. 

Upper  Make'Aeld,  township,  Buclts  co.,  Pa.   P.  1505. 

Upperinark,  65p'p9r-mark',  a  village  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  government  of  Dusseldorf,  on  the  Dinltel.  P.  1 100. 

Upper  Maryborough,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Piince 
George's  co.,  Md.,  on  the  Pope's  Creelc  Branch  of  the  Balti- 
more &  Potoiuao  Railroad,  3  miles  from  steamboat  naviga- 
tion, 20  miles  S.W.  of  Annapolis,  and  17  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Washington,  D.C.    It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  an  academy, 

3  churches,  and  2  hotels.     Pop.  492. 

Upper  MatUoIe',  a  post-office  of  Humboldt  co.,  Cal. 

Upper  Mau'gerville,  a  post-village  in  Sunbury  co., 
Now  Brunswick,  on  the  river  St.  John,  8  miles  below 
Fredericton.     Pop.  150. 

Upper  Mer'ion,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa. 
Pop.  3870.     It  contains  Port  Kennedy  and  Swodesburg. 

lJpperMid'dleto\vn,apost-hamletof  Fayette  CO.,  Pa., 
on  Redstone  Creek,  about  10  miles  S.E.  of  Brownsville. 

Upper  Mil'ford,  a  township  of  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.  Pop. 
2015.     It  contains  Shimcrsvillc,  Zionsvillo,  and  Vera  Cruz. 

Upper  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Charlotte  co..  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  river  St.  Croix,  7  miles  from  St.  Stephen. 
It  contains  2  stores  and  several  largo  saw-mills.  Pop.  200. 
See  Seco.nd  Falls. 

Upper  Miinbres,  mccm'bris  (or  Membris,  m6m'- 
breess),  a  post-village  of  Grant  co..  New  Mexico,  25  miles 
from  Silver  City,  llere  are  reduction-works  for  silver  and 
copper  ores,  which  are  brought  from  Georgetown  and  Sunta 
Rita  districts. 

Upper  MontVlair',  a  post-village  and  station  of  Essex 
CO.,  N..J.,  on  the  Montclair  ifc  Greenwood  Lake  Railroad,  5i 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Newark.  It  is  on  the  E.  slope  of  Orange 
Mountain,  is  a  part  of  Montclair,  and  contains  many  fine 
residences. 

Upper  Mount  Beth'el,  a  township  of  Northampton 
CO.,  Pa.     Pop.  376-t.     It  contains  Portland  and  Slatcford. 

Upper  Naz'areth,  a  township  of  Northampton  co., 
Pa.     Pop.  740. 

Upper  Negnac,  neg'oo'ali',  a  post-village  in  Northum- 
berland CO.,  New  Brunswick,  on  a  branch  of  the  Neguac, 
28  miles  from  Chatham.    Pop.  200. 

Upper  New  Hor'ton,  a  post-village  in  Albert  co.. 
New  Brunswick,  on  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  23  miles  from 
llarvey,  and  46  miles  from  Salisbury.     Pop.  100. 

Upper  Ocho'co,  a  post-office  of  Wasco  co.,  Oregon. 

Upper  Ox'ford,  township,  Chester  co.,  Pa.     P.  1079. 

Upper  Palatinate,  Bavaria.    See  Oberpfalz. 

Upper  Pax'ton,  township,  Dauphin  co..  Pa.     P.  1371. 

Ui>per  Penn's  Neck,  a  township  of  Salem  eo.,  N.J. 
Pop.  3178.     It  contains  Penn's  Grove. 

Upper  Pigeon,  pTj'iin,  a  township  of  Haywood  co., 
N.C.     Pop.  1066. 

Upper  Pitts'grove,  a  township  of  Salem  co.,  N.J. 
Pop.  2087. 

Upper  Prov'idence,  a  post-township  of  Delaware  co., 
Pa.,  about  12  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Philadelphia.  Its  S.  bor- 
der is  contiguous  to  Media.  Pop.  758.  It  is  traversed  by 
the  West  Chester  &  Philadelphia  Railroad. 

Upper  Queens'bury,  a  post-hamlet  in  York  co..  New 
Brunswick,  31i  miles  from  Fredericton.  It  contains  2 
stores  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  200. 

Upper  Raw'don,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hants  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  17  miles  from  Newport.     Pop.  300. 

Upper  Red  Hook,  a  post-village  of  Dutchess  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Red  Hook  township,  IJ  miles  from  Spring  Lake 
Station,  and  about  16  miles  S.  of  Hudson.  It  has  a  church 
and  an  academy.     Pop.  206. 

Upper  Sack'ville,  a  post-village  in  Westmoreland 
CO.,  New  Brunswick,  4  miles  from  Sackville.     Pop.  250. 

Upper  Saint  Clair,  a  post-office  in  Upper  St.  Clair 
township,  Alleghany  oo.,  Pa.,  about  10  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Pittsburg.  The  township  contains  Bridgeville,  and  is  in- 
ersected  by  the  Chartiers  Railroad.     Pop.  810. 


Upper  Sal'ford,  a  township  of  Montgomery  w,., 

Upper  Sandus'ky,  a  post-village,  capiui  of  Wynn 
CO.,  0.,  in  Crane  township,  on  Sandusky  llivor  and  on 
Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago  Railroad  where  it  crui 
the  Columbus  A  Toledo  Railroad,  17  miles  W.  of  Bui-vr 
43  miles  E.  of  Lima,  and  60  miles  S.  of  Toledo,  h'c, 
tains  8  churches,  a  national  bank,  2  other  banks  2  u 
paper  offices,  a  union  school,  a  foundry,  a  maohinVflit.i 
oarriago-shops,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1870,  2564;  in  1880,  36lii 

Upper  Sar'annc  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Pmnklin', 
N.Y.,  in  the  Adirondack  WiiUcrness,  40  miles  W.S.W 
Au  Sable  Station.     Here  is  a  hotel  on  a  fine  lake. 

Upper  Suu'con,  a  townshi])  of  LMgU  co..  Pa.  p 
3487.     It  contains  Friedonsvillo  and  Lanark. 

Upper  Shcf'lield,  or  Tnylortown,  a  nost-villn 
in  Sunbury  co,,  New  Brunswick,  on  the  river  St.  Join 
■miles  above  Gagetown.     Pop.  150.  ' 

Upper  Small  Point,  a  village  on  the  N.  ihnrt 
Conception  Bay,  Newfoundland,  lOJ  miles  from  Carbonoi 

Upper  Stewiacke,  a  post-office  in  Coldiottir  o 
Nova  Scotia,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Truro.     Pop.  250. 

Upper  Still'water,  a  post-village  in  Oldtown  tow 
ship,  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  on  or  near  the  Penobscot  Iliv 
10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bangor,  and  2i  miles  N.W,  of  Oroi 
It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  barrel 

Upper  Stras'burg,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  c 
Pa.,  in  Lotterkeny  township,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Clia 
bersburg.     It  has  3  churches. 

Upper  Swata'ra,  a  township  of  Dauphin  co.  1 
Pop.  1991. 

Upper  Tar'ryall  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  in  I 
39°  IS'  45"  N.,  Ion.  105°  30'  27"  W.,and  11,050  feet  bi^. 

Upper  Three  Creek,  of  Barnwell  co.,  S.C,  flui 
S.W.  into  the  Savannah  River. 

Upper  Towameu'sing,  a  township  of  Carbon  o 
Pa.     Pop.  913. 

Upper  Town  Creek,  a  township  of  Edgecombe  c 
N.C.     Pop.  1092. 

Upper  Tract,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pendleton  co.,  \\.  V 
on  the  South  Branch  of  the  Potomac  River,  12  milcj  N. 
Franklin. 

Upper  Trappe,  trap,  a  hamlet  of  Wicomico  co.,  Mil 
about  7  miles  S.W.  of  Salisbury,  and  2i  miles  W.  of  EJ; 
Station  of  the  Eastern  Shore  Railroad.     It  has  a  churc: 
stores,  and  manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber. 

Upper  Tule  Lake,  California.    See  Kbr.n  Lake. 

Upper  TuPpehock'en,  a  township  of  Berks  co.,  ll 
Pop.  1196.  1 

Upper  Tur'keyfoot,  a  township  of  Somerset  co.,  I 
Pop.  1011. 

Upper  Ty'gart,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carter  co.,  Ky., 
Tygart  Creek,  20  miles  W.  of  Grayson.     It  has  a  church 

Upper  Uwchlan,yook'lan,  a  township  of  Chester  c 
Pa.     Pop.  781. 

Up'perville,  a  hamlet  of  Chenango  co.,  N.Y., 
Smyrna  township,  3  miles  from  Smyrna. 

Upperville,  a  post-village  of  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  at 
E.  base  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  about  130  miles  N.  by  W, 
Richmond.      It  has  3  churches,  and  a  money-order  |wr 
office.     Pop.  422. 

Upper  Wind'sor,  township,  York  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  205 

Upper  Wood'stock,  a  post-village  in  Carlct^jn  c 
New  Brunswick,  on  the  river  St.  John,  2i  miles  fro 
Woodstock.  It  contains  several  stores  and  extensive  in! 
works.     Pop.  400. 

Up'piugham,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Rutland, 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Stamford.  Pop.  2464.  It  has  a  not 
grammar-school, 

Upsal,  up'sal,  or  Upsala,  iip-si'il,  a  lain  or  provini 
of  Sweden,  having  N.E.  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia,  and  S.  tl 
Lake  of  Afa;lar.  Area,  2053  square  miles.  I'op.  1"7,I2 
It  extends  from  Lake  Maelar,  in  the  S.,  to  the  (Julf 
Bothnia,  and  its  centre  is  traversed  by  the  river  Sala. 
contains  the  iron-mines  of  Dannemora,  and  im|>ori;i 
smelting-works.     Principal  towns,  Upsal  and  Enkjo()iii<.| 

Upsal,  a  city  of  Sweden,  capital  of  a  lajn,  on  tiic  S»l 
45  miles  N.W.  of  Stockholm.  Pop.  20,202.  It  is  one  J 
the  finest  old-fashioned  cities  in  Europe.  Principul  ed 
ficcs,  governor's  palace,  buildings  of  the  university,  i»n<l| 
venerable  cathedral,  in  which  the  Swedish  kings  used  to  I 
crowned,  and  in  which  are  many  tombs,  including  th*! 
of  Gustavus  Vasa  and  Linnajus.  The  university,  lound<| 
in  1478,  has  a  library  of  150,000  volumes  and  numcroi, 
ancient  manuscripts,  a  botanic  garden,  observiitory,  «r 
good  museums.  Upsal  has  also  an  ecclesiastical  ech 
cosmographic  arid  other  learned  societies,  manufacture- 


CPS 


2695 


UKU 


,  i  and  tobacco,  and  a  Rraall  trade  by  the  river,  on  which 

1119  i-tcam  commiiiiicntion  with  Stockholm.     It  is  the  soo 

an  archbishop,  the  primate  of  Sweden. 

Upsala,  Gainia,  glm'lil  Qp-s&'li,  or  Old  Upsala, 
:Hjwn  of  Sweden,  about  .3  miles  N.  of  tlie  ])resent  Upsal. 
Iwas  in  ancient  times  a  residence  of  the  Swedish  Icings, 
:;  is  now  a  small  village.  The  church  was  built  out  of 
-':  ruins  of  old  heathen  temples,  and  its  tower  formed 
|-t  of  the  temple  of  Odin. 

Up'salquitch)  a  post-settlement  in  Gloucester  co., 
Iw  Brunswick,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Upsalquitch  lUver,  I'A 
lies  from  Campbellton.     Pop.  100. 

npshire^  iip'shir,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Essex, 

I  ish  of  Walthara,'  12  miles  N.E.  of  London.     Pop.  800. 
Up'shur,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Texas,  is  bounded 

the  N.E.  by  Big  Cypress  Bayou,  and  on  the  S.  by  the 
■  )ine  lliver.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively 
lered  with  forests  of  good  timber,  pine,  oak,  Ac.  The 
^1  is  fertile.     Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are 

I I  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
>;as  &  Pacific  Railroad.     Capital,  Gilmer.     Valuation  of 

1  1  and  personal  estate,  $1,458,345.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,039, 
whom  12,026  were  Americans;  in  1880,  10,266. 
Upshur,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  West  Vir- 
:  ia,  hivs  an  area  of  about  320  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
I'the  Buokh.annon  River  and  the  head-streams  of  the  Mon- 
cjahcla  River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  mostly  covered 
Tth  forests  of  the  oak,  hickory,  sugar-maple,  and  other 
ties.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  hay, 
»i  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Buckhannon. 
■^fluation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $2,990,595.  Pop.  in 
FO,  8023,  of  whom  7938  were  Americans;  in  1880, 10,249. 

tjpshur,  a  post-office  of  Preble  co.,  0.,  is  at  New  Hope 
tion  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Dayton  Railroad. 

lUp'son,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Georgia, 
b  an  area  of  about  300  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
t(  S.W.  by  the  Flint  River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and 
rjirly  half  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  mostly 
fllile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
pducts.  It  is  partly  traversed  by  the  Upson  County 
iSlroad.  Capital,  Thoraaston.  Valuation  of  real  and 
nsonal  estate,  $1,872,403.  Pop.  in  1870,  9430,  of  whom 
8:3  were  Americans;  in  18S0,  12,400. 

Jpson,  a  station  on  the  Galveston,  Ilarrisburg  &  San 
itonio  Railroad.  5  miles  E.  of  San  Antonio,  Tex. 

Upson,  a  post-office  of  Maverick  co.,  Tex. 

Jp'sonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  6 
r  es  S.W.  of  Great  Bend,  and  about  9  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Bntrose.     It  has  a  church. 

[JpHergrove',  a  post-village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  2i 
Dies  from  Athcrley.     It  contains  4  stores.     Pop.  185. 

Up'ton,  a  station  in  Posey  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  St.  Louis  & 

ttheastern  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of  Mount  Vernon. 
'pton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
&tth  Branch  of  Fo.x  River,  and  on   the   Burlington    A 
Sjithwestern   Railroad,  about  24  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bloom- 
fiid.     It  has  a  church. 

iJpton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Upton  township,  Oxford  co., 
ft.,  about  48  miles  N.W.  of  Paris,  and  2  miles  S.E.  of 
ubagog  Lake.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of 
Ihber  and  starch.     Pop.  of  the  township,  187. 

Jpton,  or  Upton  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Upton 
trnship,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  about  14  miles  S.E.  of 
Aircester,  and  33  miles  W.S.W.  of  Boston.  It  has  3 
cirches,  and  manufactures  of  straw  goods.  The  town- 
sip  contains  also  AVest  Upton,  and  has  a  pop.  of  2125. 

Upton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clare   co.,   Mich.,  near  the 

liskegon  River,  22  miles  N.  of  Farwoll. 

Upton,  a  township  of  Texas  co..  Mo.     Pop.  642. 

Upton,  a  station  in  Delaware  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Pennsyl- 
T«ia  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Llpton,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co..  Pa.,  in  Peters 
tfnship,  about  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chambersburg.  It  has 
24iurches. 

Upton,  Quebec.    See  Saixt  Ephrem  d'Uptox. 
Jup'ton-upon«Sev'ern,  a  town  of  England,  co.  and 
Shiles  S.  of  Worcester,  on  the  Severn.     P.  of  parish,  2664. 

lUp'tonville,  a  post-village  of  Hardin  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Ijjisville  A  Nashville  Railroad,  at  Upton  Station,  59  miles 
Epf  Louisville.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  250. 

jJtf  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Ala. 

Ur  of  the  Chaldees.    See  Oorpa. 

tJrach,  oo'riK,  a  town  of  WUrteraberg,  on  the  Erms, 
2: miles  S.E.  of  Stuttgart.  Pop.  3380.  It  has  a  castle 
ai  a  theological  seminary,  is  a  depot  for  linen  goods,  and 
bleaching-  and  dyeing-establishments  and  gunpowder- 
paper-mills. 


Urak,  a  river  of  Bulgaria.     See  ViD. 

Ural,  yoo'ral,  Oural,  oo-ril',  Yaik,  or  Jaik,  ylk 

(anc.  Rhijinnug'f),  a  large  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  Ural 
Mountains,  in  the  N.  of  the  government  of  Orenboorg,  near 
lat.  55°  N.,  flows  S.  past  Verkhnee-Ooralsk  to  Orsk,  then 
W.  through  an  opening  in  the  Ural  chain  to  Orenboorg, 
where  it  turns  S.W.,  and  then  S.,  retaining  the  latter  direc- 
tion till  it  reaches  the  N.  shore  of  the  Caspian,  which  it 
enters  by  several  mouths,  the  largest  passing  close  to  Ooo- 
riev.  Its  whole  length  is  estimated  at  1000  wiles.  Its 
principal  affluents  are,  on  the  right,  the  Kizil,  Tanalik, 
and  Sakmara,  and,  on  the  left,  the  Sunduk,  Or,  lick,  and 
Gratchi.  In  the  upper  part  of  its  course  it  flows  along  a 
channel  bristling  with  steep  and  lofty  rocks;  its  lower 
portion  is  through  extensive  steppes  and  saline  marshes. 
It  abounds  with  fish,  particularly  towards  its  mouth, 
where  the  Ural  Cossacks  have  extensive  fisheries.  Its 
delta,  already  extensive,  is  rapidly  increasing,  and  several 
of  its  branches,  once  navigable,  are  now  nearly  dry. 

UrnI  (or  Oural)  Mountains,  a  great  mountain-sys- 
tem of  the  Russian  Empire,  forming  a  v.ast  undulating 
region,  consisting  of  various  round-backed,  plateau-shaped 
masses  of  land,  mostly  of  small  elevation.  Its  central  ridge 
is  considered  as  separating  Europe  from  Asia,  about  Ion. 
60°  E. ;  it  divides  the  governments  of  Vologda  and  Arch- 
angel from  Tobolsk,  covering  with  its  ramifications  portions 
of  the  governments  of  Perm  and  Orenboorg,  and  separating 
the  basins  of  the  Volga  and  Obi  in  the  middle  and  S.  The 
Urals  extend,  in  a  limited  sense,  from  the  Arctic  Ocean 
in  the  N.  to  Orenboorg  in  the  S.,  through  18  degrees  of 
latitude,  but,  considered  as  traversing  the  islands  of  Nova 
Zembla  and  terminating  in  the  high  grounds  between  the 
Aral  and  Caspian  Seas,  they  cover  an  extent  of  30  degrees 
of  latitude.  The  Obdorsk  Mountains  leave  the  middle 
chain  in  lat.  62°  N.,  and  trend  N.N.W.  500  miles  to  the 
promontory  of  Kamen  Nos.  The  chief  part  of  this  chain 
is  called  the  Timan  Mountains.  The  highest  points  are 
Konjakofski-Kamen,  lat.  59°  45'  N.,  Ion.  59°  20'  E.,  5397 
feet ;  Obdorsk  Mountain,  lat.  67°  N.,  5286  feet ;  Taganai, 
lat.  55°  20'  N.,  3592  feet;  and  Iremel,  lat.  54°  30'  N.,  5075 
feet.  In  lat.  65°  N.,  a  contrefort  stretches  N.N.E.  and  joins 
the  Obdorsk  Mountains  and  the  promontory  which  sepa- 
rates the  Gulfs  of  Obi  and  Kara.     Highest  point,  5286  feet. 

The  W.  flank  of  the  Ural  chain  is  approached  across  a 
low  undulating  region.  The  crest  of  the  chain  consists 
chiefly  of  chloritic,  quartzose,  and  mctamorphic  rocks,  suc- 
ceeded towards  the  E.  by  rocks  of  igneous  origin.  In  these 
igneous  rocks,  and  the  mctamorphic  strata  in  contact  with 
them,  occur  mines  of  gold,  platinum,  copper,  and  magnetic 
iron,  for  which  the  chain  is  renowned.  'The  characteristic 
tree  of  the  chain  is  the  PInus  cemhra,  accompanied  in  the 
North  Ural  by  firs  and  birch  only,  but  in  the  S.  by  nutner- 
ous  trees  of  warmer  latitudes.  In  the  S.  also  arc  many 
broad  valleys  of  remarkable  fertility,  with  occasional  belt.'* 
of  deep  black  loam.  The  Petchora,  Kama,  Oofa,  Ural,  and 
numerous  other  rivers  rise  in  the  chain. 

Uralsk,  a  government  of  Russia.     See  Ooralsk. 

Uralsk  Verkhnii,  Russia.    See  Verkh.vee  Oobalsk 

Urania,  yu-ra'ne-a,  a  post-office  of  Washtenaw  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Toledo  A  Ann  Arbor  Railroad,  7  or  8  miles 
S.  of  Ann  Arbor. 

Uras,  oo'rls,  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sardinia,  at  th« 
base  of  Monte  Arci,  16  miles  E.  of  Oristano.     Pop.  2241. 

Uratepe,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia.    See  Oouatepb. 

Ur'ban,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northumberland  co..  Pa., 
about  14  miles  S.  of  Sunbury. 

Urbana,  fir-ban'ah,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Champaign 
CO.,  111.,  in  Urbana  township,  on  the  Indi.anapolis,  Bloom- 
ington  A  Western  Railroad,  31  miles  W.  of  Danville,  2 
miles  E.  of  Champaign  City,  and  50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bloom- 
ington.  It  is  lighted  with  gas,  and  contains  a  court-house, 
5  churches,  2  banking-houses,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  flour- 
mills,  a  foundry,  a  machine-shop,  and  manufactures  of  fur- 
niture and  farming-tools.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  Illinois  In- 
dustrial University,  which  was  founded  in  1867  and  has  10 
resident  professors  and  400  students.     Pop.  in  1880,  2942. 

Urbana,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Wabash  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Cincinnati,  AVabash  A  Michigan  Railroad,  7  miles  N. 
of  Wabash.     It  has  2  churches. 

Urbana,  or  Urbanna,  a  post-village  of  Benton  co., 
Iowa,  in  Polk  township,  about  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Vinton, 
and  2  miles  N.  of  the  Cedar  River.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
graded  school.     Pop.  about  250. 

Urbana,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  817. 

Urbana,  a  post-village  of  Neosho  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Neosho  division  of  the  Missouri,  Kansas  A  Texas  Railroad, 
IS  miles  S.  of  Humboldt. 


URB 


2696 


URD 


Urbaiin,  or  Urbanna,  a  post-hnmlet  of  Freiieriok  co., 
Md.,  about  44  luilos  W.  of  Bultimoro,  and  2  miles  S.  of 
IJninsville,  whioh  is  on  tho  Bultiinoro  A  Ohio  Uailroad. 

Urbtiiia,  a  post-iianilot  of  Dallas  oo.,  Mo.,  in  Lincoln 
township,  about  48  miliM  N.  of  Springflold. 

Urbaiia,  a  town-ship  of  Steuben  oo.,  N.Y.  Pop.  2119. 
It  contains  llauiniondspurt. 

Urbana,  a  beautiful  city,  capital  of  Champaign  co., 
0.,  in  Ui'buna  township,  on  the  Atliintio  A  Groat  Western 
llallruiid,  and  on  the  Cincinnati,  Sandusky  &  Cleveland 
Knilroad  whore  it  crosses  the  Columbus,  Chicago  &  Indiana 
Central  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of  Springfield,  18  miles  S.  of 
licllcfontainc,  and  47  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Columbus.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house,  10  churches,  a  high  school,  '^  national 
banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  machine-shop,  2  carriage-fac- 
tories, a  woollen-mill,  and  manufactures  of  furniture,  glue, 
soap,  sash,  blinds,  <!to.  It  is  the  seat  of  the  Urbana  Uni- 
versity (Sweden borgian),  whioh  was  organized  in  1851.  Pop. 
in  1870,  4276;  in  1880,  6252. 

Urbana,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  oo.,  Va.,  on  or 
near  the  S.W.  bank  of  tho  Rappahannock  River,  about  60 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Richmond.  It  has  a  church,  a  masonic 
ball,  and  a  steam  grist-mill.     Oysters  abound  hero. 

Urbania,  ooR-b&'n^-i.,  a  town  of  Central  Italy,  in  the 
Marches,  7  miles  S.W,  of  Urbino,  on  the  Metauro.     P.  2004. 

Urbanna,  Iowa  and  Maryland.     See  Ukbana. 

Urbeis,  a  town  of  Germany.     Seo  Orbey. 

Urbciithal,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  WUnnENTHAL. 

Urberach,  ooR'b^r-iic*,  a  village  of  Ilesse,  province  of 
Starkenburg,  near  Oflenbach.     Pop.  15.37. 

IJrbigenum,  Switzerland.    See  Orbk. 

Urbino,  ooR-bee'no  (ano.  Urbi'nnm  Horten'se),  o,  city 
of  Central  Italy,  in  the  Marches,  capital  of  the  province  of 
Pesaro  and  Urbino,  formerly  capital  of  a  duchy,  20  miles 
S.W.  of  Pesaro.  Pop.  5162.  It  has  an  old  ducal  palace, 
a  cathedral,  adorned  with  fine  works  of  art,  a  college,  a 
diocesan  seminary,  a  largo  manufactory  of  pins,  4  annual 
fairs,  and  the  house  of  Raphael,  who  was  born  here  in  1483. 

Urbs  Vetns,  an  ancient  name  of  Orvieto. 

Urchilla,  Caribbean  Sea.    See  Orchilla. 

Urcos,  ooR'koce,  a  town  of  Peru,  department  and  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Cuzco. 

Urda,  ooR'di,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  32  miles 
S.E.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  2870. 

Ure,  a  river  of  England.     See  Yore. 

Uregh,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Ireob. 

Ures,  oo'rds,  a  town  of  Mexico,  capital  of  the  state  of 
Sonora,  on  the  river  Sonora,  1030  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mexico. 
Lat.  29°  11'  N.     Pop.  about  7500, 

Uresino,  oo-ri-see'no,  a  town  of  Japan,  island  of  Kioo- 
Sioo,  celebrated  for  its  thermal  medicinal  springs,  the 
waters  of  which  are  used  both  internally  and  as  baths. 

Urfa,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey.    See  Oorfa. 

Urfahr,  ooR'fiR,  a  town  of  Upper  Austria,  on  the  Dan- 
ube, opposite  Lintz,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  bridge. 
Pop.  6275.     It  has  manufactures  of  machinery,  <to. 

Urga,  a  city  of  Mongolia.    Seo  Oorga. 

Urgel,  Seo  de,  a  city  of  Spain.    See  Seo  de  Urgel. 

Urgeiu,  Urghendje,  or  Urghenz.    See  Oorghenj. 

Urghundaub,  ur'gun-dawb',  written  also  Irgiien- 
dab  and  Urghundab,  a  river  of  Afghanistan,  joins  the 
Ilelmund  80  miles  W.  of  Candahar,  after  a  S.W.  course  of 
about  230  miles.  The  village  of  Urghundaub,  on  the  above 
river,  is  66  miles  N.E.  of  Candahar. 

Urgnano,  oonn-yi'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and 
0  miles  S.S.W,  of  Bergamo.     Pop.  3092. 

Uri,  yu'ree  (Ger.  pron.  oo'ree),  a  canton  in  the  E.  of 
Switzerland,  consisting  of  the  valley  of  the  Reuss  and  its 
affluents,  and  having  on  its  S.  frontier  Mount  St.  Gothard, 
and  westward  the  Galenstock  and  Sustenhorn,  principal 
heights  of  the  main  chain  of  the  Alps.  Area,  422  square 
miles.  Pop.  23,694,  all  Roman  Catholics.  Cattle-rearing 
is  the  chief  branch  of  industry.  Chief  town,  Altorf.  Uri 
united  with  Unterwalden  and  Schwytz  early  in  the  four- 
teenth century  to  form  the  Swiss  Confederation. 

Uria,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Oria. 

Urias  Sinus.    See  Gulp  of  Manfredoxia. 

Urica,  oo-ree'ki,  a  town  of  Venezuela,  about  55  miles 
S.  by  E.  of  Cumand.     Lat.  9°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  64°  18'  W. 

Urich«  yu'rik,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henry  co.,  Mo.,  16 
miles  S.  of  Holden. 

Uri,  Laite  of,  Switzerland.    See  Lake  of  Uki. 

Uritana,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Oria. 

Uriupinskaia,  Russia.    Seo  Oorioopinskaia. 

Urjum,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Oorzhoom. 

Urk,  uRk,  a  small  island  of  the  Netherlands,  in  tbe 
Eujder  Zee,  13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Enkhuysen. 


Uriand,  oor'Und,  a  post-hamlot  of  Rio«  oo..  Minn  li 
miles  E.  of  Medford.  '        "P 

Ur'lingford,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  11  . 
W.N.W.  of  Kilkenny.     Pop.  1007. 

Uriotl'cn,  ooR-lorfv'n,  a  village  of  Badon,  on  a  raih 
7  miles  N.  of  Offcnburg.     Pop.  2122. 

Uriujah,  a  city  of  Asia  Minor.    Sec  OoiiuxuAn. 

Urma,  a  river  of  Siberia.    See  Ooiima. 

Urnicyville,  ur'me-vll,  a  post-lmmk-t  of  Johnton 
Ind.,  about  21  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Indianaiwlls.  Jt  j, 
tho  Cincinnati  &  Martinsville  Railroad,  4  uilei  N  K 
Franklin. 

Urmiah,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  OonooMF,ETAH. 

Urmston  Harbor,  China.    See  Tonkkoo  Bay! 

Urnasch,  oor-nAsh',  or  UrnUschcn,  ooR-ni'MiM 
village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  6  miles  W.8.W.  of  / 
ponzell.     Pop.  2585. 

Urnen,  ooR'n§n,  Ober,  o'b^r,  and  Xi                 , 
two  villages  of  Switzerland,  canton  iind  > 
of  Glarus.     The  former  possesses  much-ln 
United  pop.  2609.  '  j 

Urne's  (ur'nez)  Corners,  post-ofiico,  Buffalo co.,W| 

Ur'ness,  post-township,  Douglas  co.,  Minn.    Piin.  2 

Urnicta,  oon-ne-i'ti,  a  town  of  yj)ain,  p-^vinc« 
Guipuzcoa,  9  miles  S.  of  St.  Sebastian.     Po|).  1209. 

Urr,  a  lake,  river,  village,  and  jiarish  of  Scotlnmi ;  t 
lake  between  the  counties  of  DumiViesand  Kirkcudljiigl 
and  2  miles  in  circuit.  The  river,  or  Urr- Water,  i»»iie)^  fn 
it,  and,  after  a  S.S.E.  course  of  26  miles,  joins  Solway  Fit 
10  miles  E.  of  Kirkcudbright.  On  its  E.  bank,  4^  mi 
W.N.W.  of  Castle-Douglas,  is  the  villsige  of  Urr. 

Urrea  de  Gaeu,  ooR-R4'i  d4  gi-^n',  a  villnge 
Spain,  province  of  Teruel,  on  tho  San  Martin,  60  uilci 
of  Saragossa.     Pop.  1298. 

Ur'sa,  a  post-hamlct  in  Ursa  township,  Adams  eo.,  Ill 
on   the   Carthage  division  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington 
Quincy  Railroad,    10  miles  N.  of  Quincy.     It  is  aUmt 
miles  E.  of  the  Mississippi   River,  which  forms  the  \ 
boundary  of  the  township.     Pop.  of  the  township,  Nil.  I 

Ursel,  Ober,  o'b^r  Cor's?!,  a  town  of  Prussia,  on  tl 
Ursel,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Frankfort-on-tlie-Main.    P.  :(702 

Ursercn-  (or  Ursern-,  ooR's?rn)  Thai,  ooii'f?-r?i 
tAl,  a  valley  of  Switzerland,  composing  tho  S.  part  ol'  tt' 
canton  of  Uri. 

Urshum,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Oorzhoom. 

Ursina,  ur-si'na,  a  post-borough  of  Somerset  co.,  Pu 
in  Lower  Turkeyfoot  township,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Wwihi 
ington  &  Baltimore  Railroad,  86  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pittsburj 
It  has  4  churches,  a  brick-yard,  a  stave-factorj",  and  thj 
works  of  a  coke-  and  iron-company.     Pop.  in  1880,  4-(J.  1 

Urua,  oo-roo'4,  a  kingdom  of  Africa,  extending  fron 
the  Congo  on  the  E.N.E.  to  about  9°  S.  lat.,  and  boundcJ  Wi 
by  the  great  river  Lomami,  a  tributary  of  the  Congo.  It 
capital,  Kilemba,  is  a  great  trading-station,  much  visitw 
by  merchants  from  the  E.  and  W.  coasits  of  Africa.  Urui 
is  one  of  the  largest  states  of  Central  Africa,  and  its  rulei 
is  absolute,  governing  chiefly  by  a  rude  and  imperfect  feU' 
dality  over  many  minor  states. 

Urubamba,  oo-roo-bim'bi,  a  town  of  Pern,  depwt- 
ment  and  40  miles  N.W.  of  Cuzco,  on  the  river  Urubamba) 
Pop.  4000. 

Urubu,  oo-roo-boo',  or  Urubii  de  Cimn,  oo-roo- 
boo'  di  seo'mi,  a  town  of  Brazil,  in  Bahia,  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Sao  Francisco,  120  miles  N.W.  of  Rio  de  Contas.     ' 

Urubu,  a  river  of  Brazil,  province  of  Pard,  joins  the 
Amazon  nearly  opposite  the  junction  of  the  Madeira. 

Urubucuara,  or  Urubuquara,  oo-roo-boo-kwi'ril, » 
river  of  Brazil,  province  of  Parii,  ri.scs  in  the  Serra  Velb», 
flows  S.  and  expands  into  a  lake  of  its  own  name,  and  20 
miles  below  joins  the  Amazon. 

Urubu  de  Baixa,  Brazil.    See  Propiha. 

Urucahi,  oo-roo-ki-ee',  a  river  of  Brazil,  province  of 
Piauhy,  rises  in  the  Serra  Gurguea,  flows  N.,  and  joins  the 
Parnahiba  nearly  opposite  the  junction  of  the  Balfas. 

Urucaia,  oo-roo-ki'4,  a  river  of  Brazil,  joins  the  SJo 
Francisco  16  miles  N.  of  Sao  RomSo.     Length,  200  miles. 

Urucanga,  oo-roo-king'gj.,  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in 
the  province  of  Santa  Catharina,  flows  E.,  and  enters  tbe 
ocean.  It  has  a  depth  of  from  3  to  4  fathoms,  but  its  luouth 
is  almost  blocked  up  with  a  s.and-bank. 

Uruguay,  oo-roo-gwi',  a  river  of  South  America,  rises 
in  Brazil,  on  the  W.  slope  of  a  cordillera,  in  the  N.  of  the 
province  of  Rio  Grande  do  Sul,  lat.  28°  S.,  and  flows  N.W. 
for  about  100  miles,  entering  tho  plains  of  Vicaria,  where 
it  is  joined  on  tho  right  by  the  Pelotas  and  on  the  left  by 
the  Pepiri-Guagu;  here,  turning  W.,  it  receives  on  the  left 
the  Uruguay-Pita.     It  now  proceeds  S.S.W.,  and  is  aug. 


IP' 


URU 


2697 


UST 


nted  by  numerous  streams,  particularly  by  the  Ibicui, 
Arnpey,  and  the  Cuarein,  which  separates  Brazil 
fin  Uruguay.  In  its  remaining  course,  almost  due  S, 
r  about  400  miles,  it  forms  the  boundary  between  Uru- 
jiliy  and  Entre  Rios,  receiving  on  the  right,  from  the 
Jlcr  state,  the  Mirinai  and  Gualeguaichfi,  and  on  the  left, 
flu  the  former  state,  the  Daiman,  and  last  of  all,  the  most 
iportant  of  its  tributaries,  the  Negro.  About  50  miles 
bpw,  in  lat.  U°  S.  and  Ion.  61°  40'  W.,  it  unites  with  the 
Ihina  in  forming  the  Ilio  de  la  Plata.  The  whole  course 
ottho  Uruguay  is  about  950  miles.  It  is  navigated  by 
Kliing-barks  up  to  a  great  fall  40  miles  below  the  Ibicui; 
apr  the  fall  is  passed,  largo  canoes  ascend  as  far  as  the 
oillucnco  of  the  Pelotas.  The  banks  of  the  Uruguay  are 
f|ile  but  ill  cultivated.  The  principal  products  are  cotton 
111  mtite.  The  articles  exported  are  chiefly  hides,  tallow, 
ul  honey. 

Priigiiay,  or  Banda  Oriental  del  Uruguay, 
bii'd.\  o-re-6n-tir  dfil  oo-roo-gwi',  a  republic  of  South 
^ierica,  bounded  N.  and  N.E.  by  Brazil,  E.  by  the  At- 
lijtic,  S.  by  the  Rio  de  la  Plata,  and  W.  by  the  Uruguay, 
siarating  it  from  the  Argentine  Republic.  Lat.  30°  to 
3fS. ;  Ion.  53°  to  58°  W.  Greatest  length,  350  miles; 
gfcitest  breadth,  from S.W.  to  N.E.,  320  miles;  ares,  71,740 
siare  miles.  Capital,  Montevideo.  Viewed  as  a  whole, 
ilniay  be  regarded  as  a  vast  undulating  plain,  generally 
fli  towards  the  Uruguay,  the  Rio  de  la  Plata,  and  the  sea- 
cjst,  but  broken  in  the  interior  by  several  ridges  of  mod- 
ejte  elevation,  which  are  composed  for  the  most  part  of 
cf-slate,  gneiss,  and  granite,  and  form  the  water-sheds  of 
tj  more  important  rivers;  these  are  the  Rio  Negro,  by  far 
ti  largest,  which,  rising  on  the  N.E.  frontier,  in  the  Sierra 
3jla,  flows  S.W,  to  its  junction  with  the  Uruguay,  and 
diides  the  state  into  two  nearly  equal  portions  ;  the  Guaray, 
o|the  N.  frontier,  the  Arapey,  Baiman,  and  Queguay,  also 
tfutaries  of  the  Uruguay ;  the  San  Lucia  and  San  Jos6, 
\i|ich  unite  their  streams  and  fall  into  the  Riode  la  Plata; 
tj  Sebollati,or  Cebollati,  and  its  affluents,  and  theYagua- 
rl.the  two  most  important  feeders  of  the  large  Lake  Mirim, 
yAch  is  situated  in  the  N.E.,  partly  in  Brazil,  and,  after 
tl  rivers,  forms  the  most  important  hydrographical  feature 
oihe  country.  The  climate  is  generally  humid,  but  tem- 
plate and  healthy ;  in  the  winter  heavy  rains  and  cold 
«|ids  are  prevalent,  but  in  the  lowlands  frost  is  said  to  be 
uljnown.  Natural  pastures  are  very  extensive  and  luxu- 
rpt.  The  extensive  plains,  covered  with  rich  turf,  and 
ajiost  destitute  of  trees,  seem  admirably  adapted  to  agri- 
e|ture,  but  remain  for  the  most  part  in  a  state  of  nature, 
ajl  are  roamed  over  by  immense  herds  of  horses  and  cattle. 
Ipso  form  the  chief  sources  of  wealth  to  the  inhabitants, 
sjplying  large  exports  of  hides,  skins,  hair,  horns,  jerked 
b|f,  and  tallow.  Wheat,  maize,  beans,  and  melons  are 
pjduced,  and  the  country  is  adapted  to  the  culture  of  most 
oihe  fruits  of  temperate  climates.  Agricultural  processes 
a|  of  the  rudest  kind,  and  at  present  no  more  produce  is 
rfed  than  is  required  for  home  consumption.  Monto- 
vjeo,  on  the  Rio  de  la  Plata,  is  the  centre  of  the  foreign 
tlie,  which  amounts  per  annum  to  about  $15,000,000  ex- 
pits  and  $15,500,000  imports.  About  300  miles  of  rail- 
rjds  are  in  operation,  the  principal  lines  being  the  Central 
ifiguayan  and  its  branches,  and  the  Northwestern. 

the  constitution  of  Uruguay  gives  great  facilities  for 
niuralization,  and  encourages  foreign  emigration.  The 
c(ef  towns  are  Montevideo,  Fray  Bentos,  Paysandfi,  MaU 
d  ado,  Colonia,  Salto,  Melo,  San  .lose,  and  Canelones. 

ifter  years  of  struggle  between  Buenos  Ayres  and  Brazil, 
•  heaty  was  concluded  under  the  mediation  of  England,  in 
li5,  by  which  the  debatable  territory  was  erected  into  an 
iiependent  republic,  termed  Cisplatina,  on  account  of  its 
l;ig  this  side  of  the  La  Plata  (with  respect  to  Europe). 
Is  Spaniards  called  the  country  Dnnda  Oriental  {i.e.,  "  east 
f  ntier"),  because  it  sepanited  them  to  the  eastward  from 
ijizil.  Pop.  in  1 884  (officially  estimated),  593,248,  of  whom 
aiut  80  per  cent,  were  natives. 

Jrumiyah,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Ooroomeeyah, 

Jrumptsi,  a  city  of  China.     Sec  OonooMTSEE. 

Lirup,  Kooril  Islands.     See  Ooroop. 

Jrurahi,  oo-roo-ril-hee',  or  Santa  Rita,  s&n'ti  ree'- 
i  a  Tillage  of  Brazil,  province  of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  on  the 
roror  channel  of  the  same  name,  16  miles  from  Campos. 

UrvOlgy,  a  village  of  Hungary.     See  Uerrexgru.vd. 

J8a,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  OosA. 

Jsagre,  oo-sl'gri,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estrcmadura, 
nvince  and  50  miles  S.E.  of  Badajos.  It  has  mines  of 
qcksilver.     Pop.  2179. 

Jsbecks,  a  perple  of  Tartary.    See  Oozbeks. 

Jsbekistan,  c-  Oozbekistan.    See  Bokhara. 
170 


Uscat,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor.    See  Yoozqat. 

Usch,  a  town  of  Toorkistan.     See  Oosh. 

Uscliitza,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Ooshitsa. 

Uscio,  oo'sho,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Genoa,  near  ReccOh 

Uscup,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Uskup.  • 

Usedom,  oo'z§h-dom\  an  island  of  Prussia,  in  Pome- 
rania,  near  the  S.  coast  of  the  Baltic,  between  the  Swine 
and  Peene  outlets  of  the  Great  and  Little  ILiff  (portions  of 
the  Stettiner-Haff),  9  miles  S.E.  of  the  island  of  RUgcu. 
Length,  30  miles;  greatest  breadth,  14  miles.  The  inhab- 
itants are  chiefly  occupied  in  cattle-rearing  and  Ashing. 

Usedom,a  town  on  the  S.W. shore  of  the  above  island, 
on  the  Little  Haff.     Pop.  1717. 

Useras,  oo-si'ris,  a  village  of  Spain,  Valencia,  prov^ 
ince  and  17  miles  N.W.  of  Castellon  de  la  Plana.    P.  1969* 

Ush,  or  Usch,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Oozh. 

Ushak,  99-sh4k',  or  Hushak,  h99-shik',  a  town  of 
Asiatic  Turkey,  138  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Smyrna,  and  64 
miles  S.W.  of  Kutaieh.  It  is  built  of  sun-dried  bricks,  and 
is  noted  as  the  place  where  the  largest  and  finest  Turkey 
carpets  are  made,  the  weaving,  dyeing,  Ac,  of  which  oc« 
oupy  the  most  of  the  inhabitants. 

Ushant,  ush'ant  (Fr.  Onessant,  wSs^sdu"' ;  anc.  Uxnn'- 
tia),  the  most  W.  of  the  islands  off  the  coast  of  Brittany, 
France,  department  of  Finistere,  26  miles  W. S.W.  of  Brest. 
Length,  4i  miles.  Lat.  of  light-house,  48°  28'  5"  N. ;  Ion. 
5°  3'  2"  W.     Pop.  2327. 

Ushaw,  a  college  of  England.    See  Esh. 

Ushitza,  or  Usicza,  oo-sheet'si,  a  town  of  Servia,  on 
an  affluent  of  the  Morava,  87  miles  S.AV.  of  Belgrade.  Pop. 
4081.  Principal  edifices,  a  rock  fortress,  several  mosques^ 
and  a  Greek  church. 

Ushnei,  a  town  of  Persia.    See  Ooshnei. 

Ushruff,  a  town  of  Persia.     See  Ashruff. 

Ushugat  Island,  Alaska.    See  Barren  Islands. 

Usingen,  oo'zing-§n,  a  town  of  Nassau,  on  the  Usbach, 
17  miles  N.N.W.  of  Frankfort-on-the-Main.     Pop.  1798. 

Vsk,  a  river  of  Wales  and  England,  enters  the  estuary 
of  the  Severn  3i  miles  S.  of  Newport.     Course,  60  miles. 

Usk,  a  borough  of  England,  co.  of  Monmouth,  on  the 
Usk,  11  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Monmouth.     Pop.  1645. 

Uskup,  oos'kup,  or  Uskiup,  oos^ke-oop',  written  also 
Uskub  and  Uscup,  called  also  Skopia,  sko'pl-ii,  (anc. 
Scitpi),  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  on  the  Uskup  River, 
an  afiBuent  of  the  Vardar,  100  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Sa- 
lonica.  Estimated  pop.  20,000.  It  has  many  handsome 
mosques,  Greek  churches,  a  citadel  with  a  Turkish  garrison, 
and  important  manufactures  of  pistols,  guns,  and  leather. 

Uslar,  oos'lar,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  16  miles 
N.W.  of  Gottingen,  on  the  Aale.     Pop.  2280. 

Usman,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Oosman. 

Usmate,  oos-mA'ti,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  18 
miles  from  Milan.     Pop.  1174. 

Us  op,  a  river  of  Siberia.     See  Pakla. 

Uspanapan,  oos-pi-ni-pln',  a  river  of  Mexico,  state 
of  Tabasco,  tributary  to  the  Coatzacoalcos. 

Usquepaug,  iis'kwe-pawg,  or  Usquebaugh,  a  post- 
hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  R.I.,  in  Richmond  township, 
about  17  miles  W.  of  Newport.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
cotton-factory.     Pop.  122. 

Ussel,  Us^sSl',  a  town  of  France,  in  CorrJize,  on  the  Sar- 
sonne,  .32  miles  N.E.  of  Tulle.     Pop.  2822. 

Usson,  iis^s6N<'',  a  village  of  France,  in  Loire,  16  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Montbrison.     Pop.  949;  of  commune,  3341. 

Usson,  a  village  of  France,  in  Vicnne,  22  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Poitiers.     Pop.  827;  of  commune,  2340. 

Usson,  a  village  of  France,  in  Puy-do-D5me,  5  miles 
W.  of  Issoire,  with  a  ruined  castle,  once  the  residence  of 
Margaret,  the  first  queen  of  Henry  IV.  of  France. 

Usso'ra,  a  river  of  Europe,  in  Bosnia,  joins  the  Bosna 
a  little  above  Doboi,  after  a  course  of  about  45  miles. 

Ustarits,  Us'ti'reets',  a  town  of  France,  in  Basses- 
Pyrenees,  7  miles  S.  of  Bayonne.  Pop.  1777,  who  manu- 
facture woollen  cloths  and  leather. 

Uster,  oos't§r,  a  parish  and  village  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton and  9  miles  S.E.  of  Zurich.     Pop.  5808. 

Ustiano,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Ostiano. 

Ustica,  oos'te-k4  (anc.  Eitonimo  and  Osteo'des),  an  island 
of  the  Mediterranean,  belonging  to  Italy,  off  the  N.  coast 
of  Sicily,  40  miles  N.N.W,  of  Palermo.  Length,  3  miles; 
breadth,  2  miles.  Soil  volcanic  and  highly  fertile.  The 
town  of  Santa  Maria,  on  its  S.W.  side,  has  1800  inhabit- 
ants, and  a  harbor  defended  by  strong  batteries.     P.  3877. 

Ustiug  Veliki,  Russia.    See  Oostiooq  Velikee. 

Ustiuschna,  Russia.    See  Oostioozhxa. 

Ustja,  oost'yi,  a  small  river  of  Russia,  in  Vologda  and 
Archangel,  is  an  affluent  of  the  Vaga. 


UST 


2698 


UTA 


Ust-Sysolsk,  Russia.    Soo  Oost-Svsot.sk. 

Vst-Viliiiisk,  ft  town  of  Siberia.  Soo  Vii.iooisK,  Oost. 

Vsumatiinta,  oo-Boo-m&-sin'tA  or  oo-8(>o-in&-8eon't&, 
•  ooniiderablo  river,  rises  in  Guatemala,  flows  N.W.  through 
the  states  of  Chinpa  and  Tabasco,  Mexico,  and,  after  a 
ooune  of  400  miles,  joins  tho  Tabasco  near  its  mouth.  It 
it  also  connected  by  a  navigable  channel  with  the  Luguna 
d«  Tenninos. 

Usunchobiy  Koumolia.    See  Ux«tndja-Ova. 

Ilsurif  a  river  of  Manohooria.    See  Oosooukk. 

Utahf  yoo'ti,  a  territory  of  tiie  United  States,  bounded 
N.  by  Idaho  and  Wyoming,  E.  by  Wyoming  and  Colonulo, 
S.  by  Arizona,  and  W.  by  Nevada.  Tho  northern  lino  fol- 
lows the  parallels  of  41°  and  42°  N.  lat.,  tho  eastern  tho 
meridians  of  110°  and  109°  W.  Ion.,  the  southern  tho  par- 
allel of  37°  N.  lat.,  and  the  western  tho  meridian  of  114° 
W.  Its  original  area  (220,196  square  miles)  has  been  from 
time  to  time  reduced,  and  in  1863  it  received  its  present 
limits,  leaving  to  the  territory  84,970  square  miles. 

Fact  of  the  Country. — The  great  Wahsatch  Range  of 
mountains  divides  Utah  into  two  somewhat  unequal  parts, 
tho  western  (which  belongs  to  the  Groat  Basin)  being  the 
smaller  but  more  important  diviision.  These  mountains 
are  exceedingly  wild  and  picturesque,  pierced  by  many 
caiions,  and  sending  up  many  peaks  which  rise  above  the 
snow-line.  W.  of  these  mountains  the  country  is  traversed 
by  many  N.  and  S.  ranges  of  broken  mountains,  interspersed 
with  arid  plains,  valleys,  and  basins,  generally  having  a 
dreary  desert  aspect  and  a  somewhat  scanty  vegetation.  In 
some  of  these  basins  lakes  are  found.  Among  the  moun- 
tain-ridges referred  to  are  the  Oquirrh,  Beaver,  Parowan, 
Pah  Vant,  Iron,  Lake,  Onaqui,  Stansbury,  Thomas,  House, 
Pahoton  or  Cedar,  Qoshoot,  <to.  This  great  region  has  no 
streams  whose  waters  flow  to  the  ocean,  but  E.  of  the  Wah- 
satch tho  country  has  a  diflcront  character.  Here  the 
principal  mountains  (Uintah,  Roan,  Sierra  Abajo,  Pah- 
tltah,  Ac.)  have  a  somewhat  east-and-west  direction,  it 
being,  in  fact,  a  region  of  plateaus  rather  than  of  ridges, 
tho  rivers  flowing  very  generally  in  deep  canons.  Most  of 
this  region  is  utterly  sterile ;  but  along  the  principal 
streams  (Uintah,  Green,  Grand,  San  Juan,  and  Colorado) 
there  are  some  meadow-lands,  and  where  irrigation  can  be 
effected  there  is  no  trouble  in  producing  good  crops. 

Laket  and  Rivera. — The  principal  rivers  E.  of  the  Wah- 
satch have  been  already  named.  In  tho  Great  Basin  we 
find  the  Great  Salt  Lake  (which  see),  a  shallow  expanse  of 
strong  brine,  covering  2000  square  miles,  and  receiving  the 
waters  of  the  Bear,  Weber,  and  Jordan  Rivers,  with  some 
smaller  streams.  Tho  Jordan  discharges  tho  waters  of 
Utah  Lake,  which  contains  fresh  water,  abounding  in  trout. 
Tho  Sevier  River  flows  into  Sevier  Lake  (190  square  miles). 
Tho  Little  Salt,  Beaver,  Panguitch,  Spring,  Fish,  and  Preuss 
Lakes  are  tho  principal  remaining  lakes.  None  of  the 
streams  of  tho  Great  Basin  are  large,  and  many  of  them 
sink  into  the  earth  or  are  dispersed  in  vapor  before  they 
reach  any  proper  lake-basin.     There  are  in  Utah  no  navi-      the  supply  is  nowhere  large.     In  some  of  the  canons  thei 


oasily-smolted  ore  of  silver  and  lend.     In  1890  Utah  r' 
duced  $7,105,754  in  precious  metals,  be»i.lei<  oon«i.k.,  ,' 
load,  iron,  oonpor,  and  coal,     'llio  lead  is  aiooDK  tlip 
products  of  the  mining  and  smelting  opcratioim.     N 
Iron  City  there  are  imuiense  buttes  or  iiioiintaint  of  m 
netic  and  other  excellent  iron  ores,  with  nbuudnnt  Ik 
stone.     Beds  of  kaolin,  rock  salt,  sulphur,  gyps'iim  A 
known  to  exist.     The  Great  and  Little  Suit  \m\','. 
much  nearly-pure  salt.     Excellent  building  granii,  r  i 
abundant,  and  in  some  cases  the  freezing  of  water  in  r 
of  the  cafion-walls  has  extensively  quarried  it  atd  tliK. 
it  out  into  available  natural  blocks. 

Climate. — A  marked  character  of  the  olimBto  throucli. 
the  territory  is  the  scanty  rainfall;  but  for  some  ,  , 
there  has  been  an  increase  of  the  rain  fur  sonic  vrat-  i 
and  a  consequent  rise  in  the  lake-levels.  The  in 
ranges  receive  much  snow  in  winter,  and  des'trutiiK;  , 
lanchos  sometimes  occur  in  the  mining  canons;  butii, 
mountain-snows,  which  last  far  into  the  summer  tui 
some  places  are  perpetual,  alone  render  agriculture  iio« 
bio,  by  supplying  water  in  the  rills  and  guli^hes.  For  I 
most  part  tho  climate  is  very  healtlit'iil,  at;iceably  warm 
summer  and  not  severe  in  winter.  Malarial  fevers  uro  i 
unknown  near  some  of  the  sinks  and  raanhy  tracts, 

Agriculture. — It  h.ns  been  frequently  asserted  that  nil 
teen-twentieths  of  the  territory  is  hopelessly  sterile;  1 
a  large  Mormon  population  has  for  a  long  term  of  vei 
fupported   itself   entirely   by   agriculture.      Irrigation 
almost   everywhere   necessary  for  successful   farni-((|.( 
tions,  and  it  is  unquestionable  that  the  present  systciiii 
irrigation  are  by  no  means  complete  or  perfect.    It  is  i 
garded  as  certain   that  artesian  wells  might  be  sunlt 
many  regions  so  as  to  reach  permanently  flowing  wat< 
AVherever  irrigation  can  be  applied,  the  soils  (almost  ever 
w|;ere  rich  in  all  the  elements  of  fertility)  amply  rcpny  t 
expense.     At  present,  wheat,  oats,  barley,  Indian  corn,  ha 
potatoes,  wool,  dried  and  other  fruit,  and  dairy  product!  > 
leading  staples.     Cattle-raising  is  practicable  on  many 
tho  plains  where  agriculture  could  not  succeed,  and  it 
very  profitably  carried  on. 

Manufacturei. — The  Mormon  population  have  lonj  e* 
ried  on  some  manufacturing  for  the  supply  of  home  warn 
but  as  a  rule  only  goods  of  the  most  indispensable  kini 
have  been  thus  made.  Leather  and  leathern  goods,  chii: 
coal,  salt,  lime,  lumber,  furniture,  flour,  paper,  wagos 
woollen  goods,  <fec.,  are  the  leading  products  of  this  kin 
Stone-quarries  are  operated  at  Granite  City  and  elecwber 
Houses  are  to  some  extent  constructed  of  adobe  or  sun-drii 
bricks.  But  of  late  there  are  important  enteqirises  coi 
nected  with  the  mining  and  reduction  of  ores.  The  cot 
of  the  territory  are  believed  to  be  abundant  and  accef.«ibl 
and  well  suited  for  steam  purposes  and  for  use  in  tlic  Si 
mens  and  other  gas-furnaces,  though  hardly  adapted  I 
the  ordinary  smelting  operations,  most  of  which  arc  i 
present  eflected  by  means  of  charcoal  and  wood,  of  wliic 


gable  waters  (except  the  Great  Salt  Lake) ;  but  a  few  ad- 
venturous explorers  have  descended  tho  Colorado  and  its 
main  tributaries  in  boats,  encountering  unheard-of  perils, 
and  finding  their  chief  reward  in  the  sight  of  some  of  the 
grandest  and  most  unique  scenery  in  the  world. 

O'eolor/}/  and  Mineral  Wealth. — Archaean  and  metamor- 
phic  rocks  seem  to  form  the  cores  of  many  of  the  Basin 
ranges,  some  constituting  anticlinals,  others  monoclinals, 
and  still  others  not  obviously  of  either  class.  Tho  Silurian 
strata  exposed  in  the  mountains  and  canons  arc  often  richly 
metalliferous.  The  carboniferous  rocks  arc  obundant  and 
cover  large  areas ;  but  they  are,  probably,  in  no  case  coal- 
bearing.  Tho  Trias  and  the  Jura  both  are  well  represented. 
The  cretaceous  covers  immense  areas,  particularly  in  the 
eastern  or  plateau  region,  and  at  several  points  it  affords  beds 
of  coal  of  economic  value.  There  are  also  extensive  ter- 
tiary regions,  which  are  in  many  cases  not  clearly  distin- 
guishable from  tho  cretaceous ;  and  some  of  the  rocks  re- 
garded as  clearly  tertiary  are  also  coal-bearing.  The  plains 
and  valleys  of  the  Great  Basin  are  largely  floored  with  a 
deep  quatern.ary  detritus,  believed  to  have  been  deposited 
to  a  groat  extent  under  the  brackish  waters  of  a  great 
former  lake.  There  are  many  ancient  and  comparatively 
recent  lava-beds.  More  than  20  localities  are  known  to 
have  thermal  springs.  Tho  great  river-canons  of  the  pla- 
teau-region cut  through  and  expose  every  one  of  the  geo- 
logical strata  above  named.  The  principal  wealth  of  Utah 
must  over  consist  in  her  ores  of  the  precious  metals.  Tho 
Silurian,  carboniferous,  and  Jurassic  limestones  of  many 
t(f  the  mountains  and  canons  have  rich  ores  of  silver  (which 
often  contains  gold),  and  in  some  cases  the  mineral  is  an 


is  good  water-power. 

Itailroada. — The  principal  railroads  are  the  Union  P« 
cific,  the  Denver,  Rio  Grande  &  Western,  the  Ccnin 
Pacific,  the  San  Pete  Valley,  the  Salt  Lake  A  Fort  Douj 
las,  and  the  Salt  Lake  <t  Eastern.  The  railroads  in  IHM 
aggregated  1265  miles. 

The  Counties  in  Utah  number  25,  as  follows:  Beav. 
Box  Elder,  Cache,  Davis,  Emery,  Garfield,  Grand,  Irot 
Juab,  Kane,  Millard,  Morgan,  Pi  Ute,  Rich,  Salt  Lak« 
San  Juan,  San  Pete,  Sevier,  Summit,  Tooele,  Uintah,  llt»t 
Wasatch,  Washington,  and  Weber.  The  principal  citie 
and  towns  are  Salt  Lake  City,  the  capital,  and  the  bead 
quarters  of  the  sect  known  as  Mormons,  or  Latter-D»; 
Saints  (pop.  in  1890,  44,843);  Ogden,  a  principnl  railrom 
centre  (14,889) ;  Provo,  a  manufacturing  place  and  the  sea 
of  the  Utah  Insane  Asylum  (5159),  Logan  (4565),  Pari 
City  (2850),  Springville  (2849),  Mount  Pleasant  (2254) 
Spanish  Fork  (2214),  Brigham  City  (2139),  Payson  (2135) 
Nephi  (2034),  besides  many  other  growing  but  less  popnlj 
lous  settlements.  . 

Government. — The  territorial  government  is  organized  oij 
the  plan  of  the  other  territories,  the  principal  officers  beioji 
of  federal  appointment;  but  practically  the  rulers  of  thij 
Mormon  church  have  exercised  nearly  all  the  government* 
authority  until  within  a  short  period.  The  influx  of  a  la^' 
mining  and  "  Gentile"  population  has  of  late  weakened  tbt| 
ecclesiastical  influence  and  given  more  substantial  poweij 
to  the  federal  autlwrities.  By  statute  women  have  cnjoy«| 
in  this  territory  the  right  of  suffrage,  and  polygamy  i«  ow, 
of  the  peculiar  institutions  of  Mormonism.  In  1890  tn« 
Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States  decided  the  EdmumJ  ( 


TTA 


2699 


UTI 


Aiof  Congress,  dissolving  the  Mormon  church  corporation 
HI  declaring  its  property  forfeited,  to  be  constitutional. 
Minon  influence  is  no  longer  supreme. 

diication. — The  new  school  law  of  1890  makes  the 
gc  ols  of  the  territory  free.  There  is  now  no  charge  for 
tu  on,  as  under  the  liiw  of  1S80.  In  the  cities  and  larger 
tc'  IS  an  organization  of  the  schools  under  a  central  author- 
it' upeniedcs  the  former  method  of  nmintaining  separate 
di  'icta.  The  law  provides  for  compulsory  education,  but 
til  requirement  is  not  effective.  The  University  of  Deseret 
is  tuated  at  Salt  Lake  City,  and  the  territorial  agricul- 
tiil  college  at  Logan  City  was  opened  in  18V0. 

itioty, — Utah  is  a  part  of  the  territory  of  Upper  Cali- 
fo:ia,  acquired  by  the  United  States  from  Mexico  by 
tr(  y  in  1848,  at  the  conclusion  of  the  war  with  that 
eo  try.  A  year  prior  to  the  date  of  the  treaty,  however, 
th  .Mormons,  after  their  expulsion  from  Nauvoo,  111., 
cii )  to  this  then  alu'ost  utterly  unknown  region,  which 
til  named  Deseret.  In  that  year  Salt  Lake  City  was 
folded,  under  the  superintendence  of  their  high-priest 
Urham  Young;  and,  as  the  result  of  their  incredible  in- 
duryand  obedience  and  their  strong  faith,  "  the  desert" 
(1"(  such  it  was)  soon  began  to  "  blossom  as  the  rose."  In 
is  a  territorial  government  was  formed,  Young  was  ap- 
po  ted  governor,  and  the  territory  of  Utah  was  organizeii. 
In  857,  Young  having  openly  set  at  defiance  the  federal 
aulority.  President  Buchanan  sent  a  small  force  of  troops 
topforce  obedience,  and  in  1858  a  compromise  was  ef- 
feW ;  but  the  substantial  power  was  retained  by  Young 
aij  his  followers,  who  have  until  recently  exercised  a  con- 
trHng  influence  in  the  affairs  of  the  territory. 

he  Population  in  1850  was  11,380;  in  1860,  40,273;  in 
\h,  86,786,  exclusive  of  the  tribal  Indians,  who  mostly 
bing  to  various  Ute  and  Pi-Ute  bands;  in  1880,  143,963, 
owhom  74,509  were  males  and  69,454  were  females.  The 
pmilation  in  1S90  was  207,905,  exclusive  of  1854  Indians. 
Oihe  Mormons,  a  large  percentage  are  of  foreign  birth, 
Etland,  Wales,  and  Denmark  having   furnished  many 

ligrants  to  this  land  of  promise. 

Iltah)  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Utah,  has  an 
of  1986  square  miles.     It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 

iisatch  Range  of  mountains,  and  on  the  W.  by  the 
Ofirrh  Mountains.  It  is  partly  irrigated  by  Provo  and 
j|lan  Rivers.  Among  its  remarkable  features  is  Utah 
lie  (of  fresh  water),  nearly  30  miles  long.  The  soil  of 
tlfvalleys  or  table-lands  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
wtl,  oats,  barley,  hay,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products. 
Ffests  of  pine  and  other  trees  grow  on  the  mountains. 
Tp  county  is  intersected  by  two  branches  of  the  Union 
Pttfic  Railroad,  and  by  two  branches  of  the  Rio  Grande 
'ttftern  Railroad.  Both  these  railroads  connect  with  Provo 
g\,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  12,203;  in  1880,  17,973; 
irlsgo,  23,768. 

|tah,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  111.,  7  miles  N.W. 
ofpalesburg.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

[tHh,  Indiana  co.,  Pa.     See  Taylousvillb. 
tah,  Yoiita  (yoo'ti  or  yoo'taw),  or  Ute  Indians, 
aumerous  tribe  dwelling  in  Utah  and  Colonado. 

jtah  Lake,  Utah,  is  in  the  county  of  the  same  name, 
arat  10  miles  E.  of  the  Oquirrh  Mountains.  It  measures 
nily  24  miles  long  on  a  line  drawn  N.  and  S.,  and  is 
altit  14  miles  wide,  with  an  estimated  area  of  130  square 
mfts.  It  is  said  to  be  a  beautiful  sheet  of  pure  fresh 
wjBr,  well  stocked  with  fish.  Its  outlet  Is  the  river  Jordan, 
(veh  issues  from  the  N.  end  of  the  lake.  The  surface  is 
alat  4300  feet  higher  than  the  sea. 

ntahville,  yoo'tah-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clearfield  co., 
PJ  about  18  miles  N.  of  Altoona.     It  has  a  church. 

It'ceter,  a  post-office  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa. 

ttch-Kilissa,  Sotch-ke-lis'sa  (the  "  three  churches"), 
ajmous  convent  in  Turkish  Armenia,  110  miles  S.E.  of 
Ek-oom,  on  the  Moorad-Chai,  or  eastern  arm  of  the  Upper 
Efthrates.  Here  is  a  remarkable  church,  said  to  have 
stld  nearly  1550  years,  and  greatly  noted  in  Armenian 
cl'rch  history.     See  also  Echmiedzin. 

|te,  yut,  a  post-office  of  Monona  co.,  Iowa. 

Ite  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Colfa.\  co.,  New  Mexico,  in 
a^llcy,  13  miles  W.  of  Cimarron. 

Jte  Peak,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Williams  Range, 
hi  an  altitude  of  1 1 ,968  feet  above  the  sea-level.  Lat.  39° 
4|lO"  N. ;  Ion.  106°  4'  4"  W.  It  is  about  33  miles  W. 
oCentral  City. 

Ute  Peak,  a  mountain  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Colorado, 
alut  40  miles  W.  of  Parrott.     Altitude,  9884  feet. 

Utersen,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Uetersrs. 

fltica,  yu'te-ka,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yankton  co.,  Dakota, 
Ikilcs  N.W.  of  Yankton. 


Utica,  a  village  of  Fulton  co..  111.,  in  Banner  town- 
ship, 1  mile  W.  of  the  Illinois  River,  and  3  miles  S.E.  of 
Breed's  Station.  It  has  a  church,  n  steam  flour-mill,  and 
a  saw-mill.     Here  is  Banner  Post-Office. 

Utica,  a  post-village  in  Utica  township.  La  Salle  CO., 
HI.,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Illinois  River,  and  on  the  Chi» 
cago,  Rock  Island  <fe  Pacific  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of 
Ottawa,  and  6  miles  E.  of  La  Salle.  It  hag  a  church,  a 
bank,  and  several  factories  or  mills.  Pop.  of  the  township 
in  1890,1568. 

Utica,  a  post-village  in  Utica  township,  Clarke  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  7  miles  above  Louisville,  Ky.  It  has 
a  graded  school,  4  churches,  and  manufactures  of  cement 
and  lime.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1580. 

Utica,  a  post-hamlet  of  Van  Burcn  co.,  Iowa,  about  20 
miles  S.W.  of  Mount  Pleasant. 

Utica,  a  post-hamlet  of  Daviess  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Owens- 
borough  <b  Nashville  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Owensborough. 

Utica,  a  post-village  in  Shelby  township,  Macomb  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Clinton  River  and  the  Detroit  &  Bay  City 
Railroad,  24  miles  N.  of  Detroit.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  money-order  post-office,  a  graded  school, 
2  grist-mills,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  cheese,  and 
paper-pulp.     Pop.  about  900. 

Utica,  a  post-village  of  Winona  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  AV. 
border  of  Utica  township,  and  on  the  Winona  <fe  St.  Peter' 
Railroad,  22  miles  W.  of  Winona,  and  28  miles  E.  of 
Rochester.     It  has  3  stores.     Pop.  of  township,  1209.  ' 

Utica,  a  post-village  of  Hinds  co..  Miss.,  about  24  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Vicksburg.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  wagon-shop. 
Pop.  150. 

Utica,  a  post-village  in  Green  township,  Livingston 
00.,  Mo.,  on  the  S.  bank  of  Grand  River,  near  the  mouth 
of  its  Crooked  Fork,  and  on  the  Hannibal  <t  St.  Joseph 
Railroad,  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chillicothe.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  and  a  wagon-factory.     Pop.  1000. 

Utica,  a  post-hamlet  of  Seward  co..  Neb.,  on  the  Ne- 
braska Railroad,  32  miles  W.  of  Lincoln. 

Utica,  a  handsome  city  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Mo- 
hawk River,  the  Erie  Canal,  and  the  Central  Railroad,  95 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Albany,  52  mile.i  E.  of  Syracuse,  and  383 
miles  from  Washington.  Lat.  43°  6'  49"  N. ;  Ion.  75°  13' 
W.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Mo-' 
hawk.  The  site  is  nearly  level,  with  a  gentle  declivity 
towards  the  N.  The  streets  are  wide,  and  the  houses  mostly 
well  built  of  brick  or  stone.  Most  of  the  public  buildings 
and  mercantile  houses  are  on  Genesee  street.  The  city  ex- 
tends nearly  4  miles  E.  and  W.  The  Erie  Canal,  here  70 
feet  wide,  passes  through  it,  and  the  Chenango  Canal  con- 
nects it  with  Binghamton.  The  state  lunatic  asylum, 
located  1  mile  W.  of  the  centre  of  the  city,  consists  of 
several  large  and  expensive  buildings  of  stone  and  brick, 
capable  of  accommodating  several  hundred  patients.  Utica 
contains  a  city  hall,  more  than  30  churches,  a  public  library, 
a  court-house,  an  opera-house,  several  academies,  3  hos- 
pitals, 2  orphan  asylums,  1  banks,  and  a  handsome  Govern- 
ment building  for  the  post-office  and  United  States  courts, 
erected  at  a  cost  of  $479,000.  Three  daily  and  6  weekly 
newspapers  and  several  other  periodicals  are  published 
here.  It  has  gas-works,  water-works  which  supply  400,- 
000,000  gallons  in  a  year,  a  cotton-factory,  2  woollen-mills, 
4  extensive  manufactories  of  boots  and  shoes,  2  organ- 
factories,  a  knitting-mill,  2  stove-foundries,  and  manu- 
factures of  steam-engines,  wagons,  millstones,  machinery, 
farming-implements,  fire-bricks,  varnish,  pumps,  <fec.  Ac- 
cording to  the  census  of  1890,  the  capital  employed  in  all 
industries  reported  from  Utica  was  $12,257,855,  and  tho 
value  of  products  $13,205,572.  Around  this  city  lies  an 
extensive  dairj-ing  region,  with  many  cheese-factories,  of 
which  Utica  is  the  centre  of  trade.  The  city  is  the  S. 
terminus  of  the  Utica  line  of  the  Rome,  Watertown  <fc 
Ogdensburg  Railroad,  which  here  connects  with  the  Dela- 
ware, Lackawanna  k  Western  Railroad,  the  New  York, 
Ontario  <fe  Western  Railroad,  the  New  York  Central  Rail- 
road, the  West  Shore  &  Buffalo  Railroad,  and  other  lines. 
Utica  was  incorporated  as  a  city  in  1830.  Pop.  in  1830, 
8323;  in  1850,  17,565:  in  1860,  22,529;  in  1870,  28,804; 
in  1880,  33,914;  in  1890,  44,007. 

Utica,  a  post-village  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  in  Washington 
township,  on  the  North  Fork  of  the  Licking  River,  and  on 
the  Baltimore  <t  Ohio  Railroad,  13  miles  S.  of  Mount  Vernon. 
It  has  a  bank,  5  churches,  »  graded  school,  2  drug-stores, 
a  flouring-mill,  and  a  siiw-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  763. 

Utica,  a  hamlet  in  Clear  Creek  township,  Warren  co., 
0.,  18  miles  S.  of  Dayton.     Here  is  Dnnlevy  Post-Office. 

Utica,  a- post-borough  of  Venango  co..  Pa.,  on  French 
Creek,  and  on  the  Franklin  Branch  of  the  Atlantic  &,  Great 


UTI 


2700 


uzu 


Western  Railroad,  8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Franklin,  nnd  12 
Biiles  W.  of  Oil  City.  It  hivs  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and 
•  woollen-factory.     Pop.  360. 

Uticn,  a  township  of  Crawford  oo.,  Wis.     Pop.  1470. 

Uticat  a  post-hamlet  in  Christiana  township,  Dane  co., 
Wis.,  about  16  miles  S.E.  of  Madison.     It  has  a  church. 

Utica,  a  township  of  Winnebago  co.,  Wis.     Pup.  1U7S. 

Utica,  a  post-vilhigo  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  7  miles 
from  U.\bridgo.     Pop.  200. 

Utica  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  about 
60  miles  W.N, W.  of  Baltimore. 

UticI,  oo-to-(l',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Cucnca, 
0  miles  N.W.  of  Roquefia.  Pop.  5678,  who  manufacture 
hempen,  linen,  and  silken  fabrics,  leather,  and  soup. 

lUilla,  oo-tcel'y&,  or  Utillc,  one  of  the  Day  Islands, 
in  the  Bay  of  Honduras,  Caribbean  Sea,  Int.  16°  5'  N.,  Ion. 
86°  60'  W.,  about  7  miles  long,  with  a  ])ort  of  the  same 
name.  It  ships  many  banansis  and  cocoa-nuts  to  the  United 
Stales.     Pop.  600. 

litis,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Montonb. 

Utoc,  u'tti'A,  or  i'oo-to'^h,  an  island  of  Snveden,  in  the 
Baltic,  26  miles  S.E.  of  Stockholm.     Lat.  58°  56'  N. 

Utoe,  an  island  of  Finland,  in  the  Baltic,  with  a  light- 
house, in  lat.  69-'  46'  5"  N.,  Ion.  21°  22'  E. 

Utopia,  yu-to'pe-a,  a  hamlet  of  Clermont  eo.,  0.,  on 
the  Ohio  Kiver.     Pop.  80. 

Utopia,  yu-to'pe-a,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  On- 
tario, on  the  Northern  Railroad,  23  miles  from  CoUingwood. 
It  contains  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  store. 
,  Utrecht,  yu'trikt  (Dutch,  pron.  U'trfiKt;  anc.  Ultra- 
trajectum,  or  'Trajectum  ad  Ithenum),  a  city  of  the  Nether- 
lands, capital  of  a  province  of  the  same  name,  33  miles 
S.E.  of  Amsterdam,  at  the  junction  of  several  railways.  It 
is  situated  in  a  pleasant  district  on  the  Old  Rhine,  where 
the  Vecht  branches  off  from  it.-  It  is  traversed  by  two 
canals,  across  which  are  23  stone  bridges.  The  old  walls 
have  been  levelled  and  planted,  and  now  form  pleasant 
walks  ;  besides  which,  outside  the  walls,  is  the  Maiicbaan,  a 
promen.ade  planted  with  8  rows  of  lime-trees,  bordered  with 
fine  gardens,  and  having  4  foot-ways  and  3  carriage-wnys. 
Utrecht  is  the  seat  of  the  provincial  government,  and  of 
superior  courts,  civil  and  military,  and  possesses  a  govern- 
ment house,  court-house,  prison  and  house  of  correction,  a 
mint,  a  town  hall,  a  fine  building,  with  a  small  library,  a 
gallery  of  paintings  chiefly  by  native  artists,  and  a  rich 
collection  of  drawings  of  old  Utrecht  houses;  the  buildings 
of  the  Society  of  Art  and  Science,  several  barracks,  an  ar- 
senal, and  numerous  remains  of  antiquity.  Besides  the 
cathedral,  which  has  a  tower  388  feet  high,  Utrecht  has  11 
Protestant  churches  and  8  Catholic  churches,  of  which 
3  belong  to  the  Jansenists,  a  synagogue,  a  town  hospital, 
several  orphan  hospitals,  and  numerous  other  benevo- 
lent institutions,  besides  many  benevolent,  religious,  and 
literary  and  scientific  societies,  a  university,  with  a  botani- 
cal garden,  anatomical  hall,  laboratory,  observatory,  library, 
and  a  museum  of  natural  history  attached ;  a  veterinary 
sphool,  schools  for  drawing  and  architecture,  and  numerous 
Other  educational  establishments.  Utrecht  is  the  see  of 
Catholic  and  Janscnist  archbishops.  It  is  well  situated  for 
trade,  which  is  chiefly  in  grain  and  cattle ;  a  conS'iderable 
amount  of  shipping  business  is  done.  The  manufactures  of 
the  town  include  cotton-  and  woollen-spinning,  cloth-dyo- 
ing,  silk  twisting  and  weaving,  and  the  kind  of  plush 
called  Utrecht  velvet,  carpets,  floor-cloth,  metal  and  bone 
buttons,  metal  castings,  snuff  and  cigars,  soap,  leather, 
ropes,  salt,  brandy,  fluid-coffee,  boat-building,  <tc.  In  the 
sudience-hall  of  the  university,  in  1579,  was  signed  the  act 
of  confederation,  declaring  the  seven  United  Provinces  in- 
dependent of  Spain ;  and  in  the  British  ministers  house 
the  treaty  of  Utrecht  was  signed  in  1713,  which  ended  the 
war  of  the  Spanish  succession.     Pop.  in  1886,  77,431. 

Utrecht,  a  province  of  the  Netherlands,  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  the  Zuyder  Zee.  Area,  632  square  miles.  Pop. 
179,465.  The  Leek  or  Rhine  forms  its  S.  boundary ;  its 
other  rivers  are  the  Vecht  and  Eem.  The  surfivce  is  less 
flat  and  marshy  than  that  of  the  adjacent  provinces.  Chief 
towns,  Utrecht,  Amersfoort,  and  Montfoort. 

Utrera,  oo-tri'ri  (anc.  lliturgef),  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  16  miles  S. S.E.  of  Seville.  Pop.  12,441,  mostly 
agriculturists.  It  stands  around  a  fortified  enclosure,  has 
a  Moorish  castle,  and  is  important  as  a  military  post.  Its 
streets  are  wide,  and  kept  clean  by  running  streams ;  and 
here  are  some  remarkable  churches,  various  convents  and 
hospitals,  town  hall,  prison,  barracks,  and  manufactures  of 
soap,  starch,  and  leather,  and  near  it  are  salt-springs. 
.  Utsaladdy,  or  Utsalady,  iit-s%-lah'dee,  a  post-vil- 
((ige  of  Island  oo.,  Washington,  on  Puget  Sound,  00  miles 


N.  of  Tacoma.     It  has  a  public  hall,  a  hotel,  and 
lumber-mill. 


tru 


n, 


UtUarpa'ra,  a  town  of  Bengal,  on  the  llooirly 
ing  Bali  on  the  N.     Pop.  3(148. 

Utteiiwciler,  M't^n-^iMgr,  a  village  of  WUrt 
circle  of  Danube,  near  Uiedlingen.     Pop.  1208. 

Ut'ter  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coos  co.,  Oregon  th« 
Isthmus  Transit  Railroad,  It  has  a  brewery  und  a  Imj! 
school.     Coal  is  found  about  5  uiilcn  from  tliiii  plmc.  ]' 

Ut'tersoii,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co,,  Onla 
miles  N.  of  Braoebridgo,     Pop.  350.  '' 

Uttoxeter,  u-x'e-t^r,  a  town  of  England,  co.  aj  |i 
miles  N.E.  of  Stafford,  at  a  railway  junction,  unl  |ii|l 
the  Dove,  across  which  it  conimunitates  with  the  |  of 
Derby  by  a  bridge  of  six  arches.     Poj).  3004. 

Uttoxeter,  a  post- village  in  Lambton  oo.,  Ontai  i 
miles  N.W.  of  Watford.     Pop.  100.  ; 

Utiis,  a  river  of  Bulgaria.    See  Vin.  i 

Utweil,  oot'\Vil,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  in  Tht'm 
on  the  Lake  of  Constance,  U  miles  S.E.  of  Const . 

Uvalde,  yu-v.\rde,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  pa 
has  an  area  of  about  1070  square  miles.     It  is  i 
by  the  Rio  Frio,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Rio  Lconi 
Sabinal  Creek.    It  contains  a  largo  portion  of  prnirip. 
soil  produces  pasture  for  many  cattle,  which  are  the  ;i( 
articles  of  export.     Capital,  Uvalde.    Valuation  of  n!\W\ 
personal  estate,  $491,323.     Pop.  in  1870,  851,  of  whoi!\7 
were  Americans;  in  1880,  2541. 

Uvalde,  a  post-village,  capita!  of  UraUle  co.,  Te> 
the   Rio    Frio,    90   miles  W.  of  San  Antonio.    It  L 
church,  a  court-house,  and  several  saw-milli.    Pop.  (4, 
Here  are  the  Leona  Springs. 

Uvelka,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Oovelka. 

Uwchlan,  yook'lan,  a  post-hamlot  of  Chester  co., 
in  Upper  Uwchlan  township,  34  miles  W.  by  N.  of  V^\. 
delphia,  and  i  mile  from  the  Pickering  Valley  Ruilroa 

Uwharie,  a  river  of  North  Carolina.    See  Uiiaiik 

Uwharie,  a  ])ost-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  K.C.     I 

Uxantis,  the  ancient  name  of  Ushant. 

Ux'bridgc,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Middlesex'; 
miles  W.N.W.  of  St.  Paul's,  London.  Pop.  7497.  ItM 
numerous  flour-mills,  malt-works,  and  a  brick-field. 

Ux'bridge,  a  post-village  of  AVorcester  co.,  Miimih 
Uxbridge  township,  on  the  Blackstone  River,  and  una 
Providence  <t  Worcester  Railroad,  19  miles  S.S.E.  of  V  . 
cester,  and  25  miles  N.N.W.  of  Providence.  It  contair  I 
churches,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  a  high  school,  1 
a  newspaper  oflice.  The  township  has  several  wuol  . 
mills  and  a  cotton-mill,  and  is  intersecte<l  by  the  Ea«l  1 
division  of  the  New  York  <t  New  England  Rnilroiui.  1 
contains  North  Uxbridge,  and  has  a  pop.  of  3029. 

Ux'bridge,  a  village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  oip 
branch  of  the  Black  River,  and  on  the  Toronto  <t  North* 
Railway,  43  miles  from  Toronto.  It  contains  6  churohe 
branch  biink,  printing-oSice,  6  hotels,  about  20  stores,  i 
eral  saw-  and  grist-mills,  and  manufactories  of  iron  ci 
ings,  mill-machinery,  engines,  axes,  ploughs,  leather,  f 
ning-mills,  woollens,  Jtc.     Pop.  1600. 

Uxixar,  or  Ujijar,  Sj)ain.    See  Ugijar. 

Uxmal,  oox-mir,  a  ruined  city  of  Mexico,  in  Yucat 
46  miles  S.S.W.  of  Merida.  It  presents  some  very  rcma) 
able  architectural  remains,  comprising  several  large  e 
fices,  the  largest  building  occupying  a  space  610  feet 
length  by  410  feet  in  width,  all  being  adorned  with  elaborr 
sculptures. 

Uyea,  oo-yi',  one  of  the  Shetland  Islands,  Scotland,  ii 
mediately  S.  of  Unst.  It  is  a  chief  rendezvous  of  shippi 
for  the  deep-sea  fishing. 

Uyea,  one  of  the  Shetland  Islands,  Scotland,  4i  W 
from  the  N.  extremity  of  Mainland. 

Uzbcckistaii,  Asia.    See  Bokhara.  i 

Uzbecks,  a  people  of  Tartary.    See  Oozbecks. 

Uzel,  U'z^l',  a  town  of  France,  in  COtcs-du-Nord,  on  I 
Oust,  9  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Loudeac. 

Uzen,  two  rivers  of  European  Russia.    See  OozEB.  j 

Uzerche,  U^zaiBsh',  a  town  of  France,  in  CorrjM,: 
miles  N.W.  of  Tulle.     Pop.  2146. 

Uzes,  U'zice',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gard,  on  the  Auio 
15  miles  N.N.E.  of  NJmcs.  Pop.  4865.  It  has  a  comm 
nal  college,  an  old  episcopal  palace,  and  a  turretcd  ca»l 
of  its  former  dukes,  with  manufactures  of  silk  hosier 
common  woollen  cloths,  and  fine  pasteboard. 

Uzaach,  oots'niK,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  ai 
34  miles  S.W,  of  St.  Gall.     Pop.  1750. 

Uzundja-Ova,  oo-zun'ji-o'v4,  written  also  IJsnn 
chobi,  a  town  of  Roumelia,  near  the  Mantza,  aO  uiii 
W.N.W,  of  Adrianoj)le. 


VAA. 


2701 


fAt 


V. 


aagt  ft  fiver  of  Hungary.     See  Waag. 
nugeii«  vVgh^n,  East  and  Wkst,  two  of  tho  Loffo- 
cU  Islands,  Norway,  W.  of  Hindoen,  each  about  30  miles 
iningth  by  15  miles  across;  the  former  having  1(500  and 
tSlatter  2400  inhabitants. 

|aa$;oet  one  of  the  Fiiroo  Islands.    See  Faroe. 
ual,  vAI,  a  river  of  South  Africa,  after  a  W.  course 
fru  the  Quathlamba  Mountains,  joins  the  Orange  River 
ftljiit  hit.  29°  5'  S.,  Ion.  25°  20'  E.     It  forms  the  S.  bound- 
iiijof  Transvaal. 

iaulcrt  vi'l^r,  a  post-office  of  Lao  Qui  Parle  co.,  Minn. 

iiiuls,  or  Vaels,  vkh,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, in 
llbarg,  IG  miles  E.S.E.  of  Maestricht.     Pop.  3867. 

|aas,  vfts,  a  town  of  France,  in  Sarthe,  on  the  Cher,  18 
Bjjks  E.  of  La  Fleche.     Pop.  1873. 

fabre,  v&b'r,  a  village  of  France,  in  Tarn,  10  miles  E. 
oli'iistres.     Pop.  1336. 

;acas'sar,  a  small  bay  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  in  Levy 
ctFla.,  about  lat.  29°  15'  N. 

laca  (vi'kd)  Station,  a  village  of  Solano  oo.,  Cal.,  on 
aiilroad  near  Vacaville.     Pop.  120. 

Sacaville,  vi'ki-vil,  a  post-village  of  Solano  co.,  Cal., 
\ti  beautiful  and  fertile  valley  on  the  California  Pacific 
IMroad  and  the  Vaca  Valley  &  Clear  Lake  Railroad,  29 
uijes  S.W.  of  Sacramento.  Here  is  the  California  College 
(I|ptist),_which  was  organized  in  1870  and  is  open  to  both 
fc;s.  Vacaville  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  and  manu- 
falures  of  brandy  and  wine.  Pop.  343 ;  of  Vacaville  town- 
gl|),  1701. 

ifacclieluce,  vik-kil-Ioo'chil,  or  Basiluzzo,  b3.-se- 
loi'so,  one  of  the  smaller  Lipari  Islands,  in  the  Mediter- 
nican,  4  miles  E.  of  Panaria. 

I' ache  (v&sh)  Island,  in  the  AVcst  Indies,  is  off  the  S. 
ccit  of  Hayti,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Aux  Cayes.  It  is  10  miles 
iilength  by  3  miles  across.     It  has  some  good  anchorages. 

I'acheli,  v^-shell',  or  £gypt,  a  post-village  in  York 
o<|  Ontario,  13  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Bell  Ewart.     Pop.  175. 

iacherie,  vash'§-re,  a  station  of  the  New  Orleans  <t 
as  Railroad,  43i  miles  AV.  of  New  Orleans,  La. 
achka,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Vashka. 
acz,  a  town  of  Hungary.     See  Waitzen. 

i'ndarica,  tho  ancient  name  of  Buddruck. 

I'adavate,  v&-d&-vi'ti,  a  river  of  South  India,  rises 
ii^he  West  Ghauts,  flows  N.N.E.,  and,  after  a  course  of 
ai'Ut  200  miles,  joins  the  Toombuddra. 

I^adkert,  vod'kaiRt',  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of 
Pth,  about  16  miles  from  Kalocsa.     Pop.  3700. 

'^ado,  vi'do,  a  seaport  town  of  Italy,  on  the  W.  side  of 
tl  Gulf  of  Genoa,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Savona.     Pop.  1465. 

^adstena,  vid-sti'nS,,  a  town  of  Sweden,  laen  and  28 
11^3  W.N.W.  of  Linkoping,  on  Lake  Wetter.    Pop.  2469. 

i'aduz,  or  Vadutz,  v&'ddots,  a  town,  capital  of  the 
pncipality  of  Liechtenstein,  in  the  valley  of  the  Rhine, 
of  the  frontiers  of  the  Swiss  canton  of  Grisons,  21  miles 
Si.E.  of  St.  Gall.  It  contains  an  old  castle  seated  on  a 
bfeht  which  overhangs  the  town.     Pop.  921. 

j/aels,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Vaals. 

►'aena,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Bae.va. 

^scrdal,  vda'dil,  a  parish  and  village  of  Norway,  45 
Dies  N.E.  of  Trondhjem,  at  the  head  of  its  fiord.  P.  1900. 

|/ag,  a  river  of  Hungary.     See  Waag. 

i/aga,  or  VVaga,  vk'g&,  a  river  of  Russia,  governments 
oVologda  and  Archangel,  joins  the  Dwina  after  a  N.  course 
0^50  miles.  Principal  affluents,  the  Ustja  and  Kokshenga, 
f  m  the  E. 

Vagal,  or  Wagai,  vi'ghi,  a  river  of  Siberia,  govern- 
t^t  of  Tobolsk,  after  a  N.  course  of  150  miles,  joins  the 
Ifish  34  miles  S.E.  of  Tobolsk. 

jFagh^Uesztercze,  vig-bSsHSnt'si',  a  town  of  Hun- 

y,  CO.  and  22  miles  N.E.  of  Trentschin,  on  the  Waag. 
agh  Ujiiely.     See  Neustadtl-an-der-Waao. 

[I'aglia,  vAl'yi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Florence. 
IjP.  3273. 

iVaglio,  v&l'yo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basilicata,  7  miles 
Jfof  Potcnza.     Pop.  4066. 

iVagos,  vi'goce,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Beira, 
(uiles  S.S.W.  of  Aveiro.     Pop.  4023. 

iVahalis,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Waai,. 

jVaiden,  va'd^n,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co..  Miss.,  on 
f^  Mississippi  Central  Railroad,  3  miles  W.  of  Big  Black 

■ver,  and  34  miles  8.  of  Grenada.  It  has  4  churches  and 
i.cminary.  Cotton  is  shipped  here  largely.  Pop.  about  600. 


f 


Vaigats,  Vaigatz,  or  Waigatz,  vl-gJts',  or  Vai* 
gatch,  vrgitch',  an  island  of  Russia,  Arctic  Ocean,  be- 
tween the  N.E.  coast  of  the  government  of  Archangel,  from 
which  it  is  separated  by  the  Straits  of  Vaigats,  and  thb 
island  of  Nova  Zembln,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the 
Strait  of  Kara.  Greatest  length,  from  N.W.  to  S.E.,  60 
miles;  greatest  breadth,  35  miles.  The  interior  is  moun- 
tainous, and  the  S.  and  S.E.  shores  present  rocky  cliffs. 
All  the  streams  of  tho  island  have  bars  across  their  mouths, 
formed  by  banks  of  stones,  which  sometimes  choke  up  the 
streams  and  convert  them  for  a  time  into  lakes.  The  in- 
habitants are  chiefly  Samoieds,  by  whom  the  island  is  callcil 
Khayodeya.  Part  of  them,  who  own  reindeer,  remain 
throughout  tho  year;  but  others,  as  well  as  Russians,  go 
over  from  the  mainland  in  summer  to  fish  and  bunt. 

Vaihingen,  vi'hing-?n,  a  town  of  WUrtembcrg,  on  the 
Enz,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Stuttgart.  It  has  paper-mills,  a 
tannery,  and  oil-works.     Pop.  3146. 

Vail,  val,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co.,  Iowa,  on  tho 
Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Denison, 
and  45  miles  W.  of  Jefferson.  It  has  a  steam  flour-mill,  2 
grain-elevators,  a  brewery,  and  a  money-order  post-office. 
Pop.  about  600. 

Vail,  a  station  of  the  Bald  Eagle  Valley  Branch  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Tyrone  Jk 
Clearfield  Branch  of  the  same,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Tyrone,  Pa. 

Vai'la,  one  of  the  Shetland  Islands,  Scotland,  in  Vaila 
Sound,  on  the  W.  side  of  Mainland. 

Vaiiate,  vi-li'ti,  a  village  of  Italy,  9  miles  from  Lodi, 
with  the  ruins  of  an  ancient  castle.     Pop.  2445. 

Vailsburg,  valz'burg,  a  post-office  of  Essex  co.,  N.J. 

Vaii's  Gate,  or  Mor'tonville,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Newburg  Branch  of  the  Erie  Rail- 
road, at  the  junction  of  the  Newburg  &  New  York  Rail- 
road, 5  miles  S.W.  of  Newburg.  It  has  a  church.  It  com- 
mands a  good  view  of  the  highlands  of  the  Hudson.  ; 

Vail'8  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
Fonda's  Creek,  9  miles  N.  of  Amsterdam.  It  has  a  tannery, 
a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  about  20  houses. 

Vaimuga,  vl-moo'gi,  a  river  of  Russia,  government  of 
Archangel,  after  a  course  of  about  70  miles,  joins  the  North 
Dwina.  Its  banks  are  covered  with  fine  timber,  large 
quantities  of  which  are  cut  and  transported  to  Archangel. 

Vairano,  vi-ri'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Caserta, 
7  miles  N.E.  of  Teano.     Pop.  2369. 

Vaise,  viz  or  viz,  a  town  of  France,  in  Rhone,  formw 
ing  a  N.W.  suburb  of  Lyons,  on  the  SaSne.    See  Lyons. 

Vaison,  viV.6.v»'  (anc.  Va'nio),  a  village  of  France,  in 
Vaucluse,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Orange,  on  the  Ouveze.  Pop. 
2277.  Near  it  are  the  ruins  of  a  fine  quay,  circus,  and 
aqueduct,  belonging  to  Vaaio,  an  important  Roman  colony. 

Vaiturani,  a  river  of  India.    See  Bytouney. 

Vajca,  or  Vajka,  Russia.    See  Vashka. 

Vajda-Hunyad,  vi'doh^-hoon^yCd',  a  town  of  Tran- 
sylvania, on  the  Czerna,  40  miles  S.W.  of  Karlsburg.  Pop. 
2597.     In  its  environs  are  large  iron-mines. 

Vakh,  vik,  a  river  of  Siberia,  governments  of  Y'enisw 
and  Tobolsk,  joins  the  Obi  100  miles  E.  of  Soorgoot.  Course 
westward,  estimated  at  350  miles. 

Val,  an  Italian  word  signifying  "valley"  and  forming 
the  prefix  to  many  names  in  Italy,  Sicily,  Ac.  Val  is  also 
a  prefi.x  to  the  names  of  old  divisions  of  Sicily,  as  Val  1)b- 
MO.VE  (vil  di-mo'n4),  comprising  the  N.E.  quarter,  with 
Mount  Etna;  Val  ni  Ma/.zara  {v&\  dee  m&t-s&'r&),  in  the 
W.,  and  Val  di  Noto  (vil  dee  no'to),  the  S.  parts  of  the 
island. 

Valais,  viMi'  (Ger.  Wallin,  ^M'lis),  a  canton  of  Switzer- 
land, in  its  S.W.  part,  consisting  of  the  upper  valley  of  tho 
Rhone,  shut  off  N.  and  S.  by  two  primary  Alpine  chains 
from  the  canton  of  Bern  and  from  Savoy.  Area,  2026 
square  miles.  Pop.  100,490,  all  Roman  Catholics,  two- 
thirds  of  whom  speak  French.  It  has  been  described  as  nn 
immense  trough,  70  miles  in  length,  IJ  miles  in  depth,  and 
2  miles  wide  at  the  bottom ;  the  mountains  on  each  side 
are  among  the  highest  in  Europe,  and  it  is  exposed  to 
furious  torrents  and  destructive  avalanches.  Cattle-rearing 
is  the  chief  branch  of  industry.  Its  transit  trade  is  pretty 
active.  Chief  towns,  Sion  (the  capital),  and  Martigny  la 
Ville.  It  holds  the  twentieth  place  in  tho  Swiss  Confed- 
eration.    Under  the  French  it  formed  the  department  of 

Simplon. Adj.  and  inhab.  Valaisan,  vi*14-zin'. 

Valaszka,  v6hM(5ss'k5h\  or  Bela,  bi'lSh',  a  villa^;* 


VAL 


2702 


VAL 


of  Hungary,  co.  of  Noutra,  12  miles  from  Baimooz.    It  has 
tcvcnil  tiiixT-  and  Uour-mills.     Pup.  27UU. 

ValatiCt  val'^-tco',  often  pronounced  vOra-che  or  val'- 
la-che,  a  po^t-villuge  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Kinderhook 
township,  on  Kindcrliook  Crook,  about  20  miles  S.  by  E. 
jof  Albany,  and  2  mites  from  tbe  liuston  i,  Albany  Itail- 
road.  It  has  4  churches,  several  cotton -factories,  a  money- 
order  post-office,  and  a  paper-mill.  The  outlet  of  Kinder- 
book  Luke  here  enters  the  above-named  creek.      P.  1775. 

Vulbeuoite,  v&Pbfh-nw&t',  a  village  of  Franco,  Loire, 
I  inilo  W.  of  Suint-Eticnne,  of  which  it  forms  a  suburb. 

Vnlborii)  v&l-bom',  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of 
Alinho.     I'op.  'Mi6, 

Vul  Ilregnglia«  v&l  br4-g&ry&,  a  valley  of  Switzer- 
land, Grisoni-,  ou  the  Italian  side  of  the  Alps,  immediately 
6.  and  W.  of  Mouut  Soptimor,  and  traversed  by  one  of  the 
main  roads  from  Italy  into  Switzurland. 

Vnlcai'CS,  Etano  dk,  iH&s»'  d^h  virkan',  a  salt  lagoon 
of  Franco,  in  the  island  of  Camarguc,  delta  of  the  llhuuo. 

Vnl  Chiusa,  the  Italian  name  of  VAucLUse. 

Valcoiir,  vttl-koor',  a  post-office  of  Clinton  co.,  N.Y., 
en  Lake  Cham]>lain,  6  miles  S.  of  Plattsburg.  It  is  on  the 
railroad  between  Plattsburg  and  Whitehall. 

Valcour  Islnud,  New  York,  is  situated  in  Lake  Cham- 
plain,  about  f)  miles  S.  of  Plattsburg. 

ValdagnO)  vil-ddn'yo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
14  miles  H.W.  of  Viccnza,  at  the  foot  of  Mount  Castcllo,  on 
the  Agno.     Pop.,  with  suburbs,  -1247. 

Valdai,  or  VValdai,  v&l'di,  a  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment and  80  miles  iS.E.  of  Novgorod,  on  Lake  Valdai. 
Pop.  3734. 

Valdai  Hills,  in  the  government  of  Novgorod,  consist 
of  plateaus  which  extend  between  the  S.  end  of  Lake  Peipus 
and  the  river  Diina,  with  an  average  height  of  about  1000 
feet,  forming  the  water-shed  between  rivers  flowing  to  the 
Baltic  and  Caspian  Seas. 

Val-d'Ajol,  Le  Val-d'Ajol,  l^h  vil-dizhol',  or 
JLaitre,  li.t'r,  a  village  of  France,  iu  Vosgcs,  15  miles 
from  Kemiremont.     Pop.  1715. 

Val  d'Auzasca,  v&i  dAn-zis'k&,  a  valley  of  Piedmont, 
province  of  Novara.  It  is  picturesque,  and  remarkable 
for  its  vegetation,  its  magnificent  cascades,  and  its  views  of 
Monte  Ilosa.  Ould-minoa  have  been  worked  in  it  since 
the  time  of  the  Romans. 

Valdaracete,  vil-di-rl-thi'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince of  Madrid,  21  miles  from  Ocaiia.     Pop.  1351. 

Val  d'Arno,  vil  dan'no  ("  vale  of  the  Arno"),  a  valley 
of  Tuscany,  renowned  for  its  rural  beauty.     See  Auxo. 

Val  d'Aure,  a  valley  of  France.    See  Auub. 

Valdealgorfaj  vil-di-il-gou'fi,  a  town  of  Spain, 
.province  of  Teruel,  9  miles  from  Alcaniz,  near  the  Gua- 
dalupe.    Pop.  1657. 

Valdefuentes,  vil-di-fw3n'tis,  a  village  of  Spain, 
province  and  17  miles  S.E.  of  Caceres.     Pop.  1433. 
•     Valdeganga,  v41-d4-gin'gi,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  18  miles  from  Albacete,  on  a  lofty  height  above  the 
Jucfvr.     Pop.  1358. 

Val-dell'-Olmo,  a  town  of  Sicily.  Sec  Valledulmo. 

Val  Demoue,  v4l  di-mo'ni,  an  ancient  division  in 
.the  E.  of  Sicily.     Its  capital  was  Messina.     See  Val. 

Valdcmorillo,  vil-dA-mo-reel'yo,  a  town  of  Spain,  18 
.miles  W.N.W.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  1667. 

Vaidcmoro,  vAl-di-mo'ro,  a  town  of  Spain,  16  miles 
S.E.  of  Madrid.     Pop.  2310, 

Valdeiigo,  vil-dfin'go,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Turin, 
province  of  Novara.     Pop.  1011. 

Val  de  Oliva,  vil  dk  o-lee'vi,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  24  miles  N.  of  Cnenca.     Pop.  1371. 

Valdepei^as,  vil-di-pain'yls  (i.e.,  "  valley  of  rocks"), 
,a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  30  miles  S.E.  of  Ciudad 
Real,  on  the  Jabalon.  Pop.  10,768,  The  town  is  cele- 
brated for  its  excellent  wines. 

Val  de  Pefias,a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  15  miles 
e.S.W.  of  Jaen.     Pop.  4027. 

Valderaduey,  vil-di-ri-Dwi',  a  river  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince of  Leon,  enters  the  Douro  2  miles  E,  of  Zamora. 
Length,  about  100  miles. 

Valderas,  vil-di'ris,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
.30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Leon.  It  has  four  squares  and  several 
schools,  a  theatre,  a  hospital,  and  a  convent.     Pop.  3412. 

Valderrobres,  vil-diu-no'Brfis,  a  village  of  Spain, 
Aragon,  province  and  62  miles  N.E,  of  Teruel,    Pop.  2026. 

Valdes,  vil'dis,  an  island  on  the  coast  of  British  Co- 
lumbia, in  the  Gulf  of  Georgia,  lat.  50°  N.,  Ion.  125°  2'  W. 
It  is  the  largest  of  all  the  islands  in  the  vicinity,  and,  along 
with  Vancouver,  forms  the  continuation  of  the  gulf,  which 
,U  also  called  Discovery  Passage.  .  tiJ,Xii&ln  i 


Valdes,  yhWMt.  a  city  of  Spnin,  province  and  al  i 
10  miles  E.  of  Ovicdo.     Po]).  22,109.  j' 

Val  dc  Santo  Domingo,  vil  .lii-An'to  do-mii,. 
a  town  of  Spain,  13  miles  N.N.W.  of  Toledo.  It  hnn  ci 
streets,  a  town  house,  a  j)ri.s()ii,  iind  several  oil-  an,!  n, 
mills,  also  dye-works,  and  an  active  trade.     Pop.  iso)) 

Val  di  Chiana,  vh\  dee  ke-4'n&,  formerly  a  iw„„ 
tract  in  the  E.  part  of  Tuscany,  in  the  province  of  Am 
but  now  reclaimed  and  converted  into  one  of  tbe  ami  i, 
ductive  parts  of  Italy.  ■' 

Val  di  Cogne,  vil  dec  kAn'ji,  or  Val  de  Cori 
vil  d§h  kofi,  a  beautiful  and  romantic  valley  in  .Sav 
opening  out  of  the  Val  d'Aosta.  It  is  rcmnrknblo  fur  o 
taiiiing  a  Roman  tunnel  or  gallery,  out  in  the  rock  liurjl 
the  rei.i^n  of  Augustus. 

Valdieri,  vil-de-A'ree,  a  village  of  Itnly.  province 
Coni,  on  the  railway  from  Turin  to  Genoa,  17  uilot  fp| 
the  latter.     Pop.  of  commune,  2198. 

Val  di  Mazzara,  and  Val  di  Nolo.    Sec  Val. 

Valdivia,  vil-deo'vo-ft,  a  river  of  Chili,  in  a  prmit 
of  its  own  name,  flows  from  the  Andes  to  the  Paoilie  (i.c; 
which  it  enters  after  a  westward  course  of  120  milo.-. 

Valdivia,  a  province  in  the  S.  of  Chili,  extcndinj;  fn 
the  Andes  to  the  sea.  Area,  7514  square  miles.  Caiiit 
Valdivia.     Pop.  30,525. 

Valdivia,  a  seaport  town  of  Chili,  on  the  Valdivi* 
Callacalla  River,  16  miles  from  its  mouth.     Pop,  !1872. 

Valdivia  Port,  or  Corral,  k<.r-rJl',at  the  mouth  . 
the  river  Valdivia,  Chili,  lat.  31)°  49'  S..  Ion.  73°  W  .1 
W.     It  is  one  of  the  best  harbors  on  the  I'lveifie.    Pop.  62 

Valdobbiadcne,  vM-dob-be-.\-dA'ni,  a  pllagt 
Italy,  ])rovinoe  and  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Troviso.    V.  496 

Valdos'ta,  a  post-villngc,  cni)ital  of  Lowndcj  c 
Ga.,  on  the  Atlantic  &  Gulf  Railroad,  157  miles  W.S.W,  t 
Savannah,  and  18  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Quitiiinn.  It  Liu" 
newspaper  office,  5  schools,  a  bank,  and  8  churches,  pn 
in  1870,  1190;  in  1880,  1515. 

Valeene,  va-lecn',  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  w.,  InJ 
about  32  miles  W.N.AV.  of  New  Albany. 

Valeggio,  vi-ldd'jo,  a  village  of  Italy,  7  mile*  S.  o 
Peschierii,  on  the  Mincio,  where  it  leaves  the  Lago  i! 
Garda.  Pop.  2018.  It  has  a  fortified  bridge  or  caiisMra; 
upwards  of  GOO  yards  long,  defended  by  several  lofty  tower; 

Vale. Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Giles  co.,  Tenn.,  TS  mik 
S.  of  Nashville.     It  has  a  cotton-mill  and  a  flour-mill. 

Valen«;a,  vi-16n'si,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  and  9 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Rio  Janeiro. 

Valen^a,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  of  Bahia,  cflpitj 
of  a  comarca,  10  miles  N.  of  Cayru,  on  the  right  bank 
the  Una,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Atlantic.     Pop.  1200. 

Valcn9a,or  Catinguinha,k&-tecn-gheen'y&, atom 
of  Brazil,  ])rovince  of  Piauhy,  on  the  Catinguinha,  56  mile 
N.E.  of  Ociras.     Pop.  3000. 

Valen«;a-do-Douro,  v3,-15n'si-do-d6'ro,  a  town  snt 
parish  of  Portugal,  province  of  Bcira,  9  miles  S.E.  of  1* 
mego.     Pop.  635. 

Valen^a-do-Minho,  vl-15n'si-do-meen'yo,  a  lowi 
of  Portugal,  province  of  Minho,  on  the  left  bank  of  tb* 
Minho,  immediately  opposite  Tuy,  Spain.     Pop.  2609. 

Valcn^ay,  viM6N»^si',  a  town  of  France,  in  Indre,  or 
the  Nahon,  25  miles  N.  of  Chateauroux.  It  is  chietly  re- 
markable for  a  fine  palace,  with  gardens,  where  Nn)iolcor 
retained  Ferdinand  VII,  during  his  own  usurpation  Id 
Spain.     Pop.  1842, 

Valence,  viM6.vs8'  (anc.  Vakn'tia),  a  town  of  France, 
capital  of  the  department  of  Drome,  on  the  Rhone,  and  on 
the  railway  from  Lyons  to  Avignon,  57  miles  S.  of  Lyons. 
Lat.  44°  56'  N. ;  Ion.  4°  53'  E.  Pop.  20,476.  It  in  sur- 
rounded by  orchards,  vineyards,  and  woods.  Principal 
edifices,  the  cathedral,  with  the  tomb  of  Pope  Pius  M., 
barnicks,  citadel,  court-house,  prison,  and  theatre.  It  has 
a  communal  college,  a  public  library  of  20,01I0  volumes,  a 
school  of  artillery,  a  chamber  of  manufactures,  o  school  of 
design,  docks  for  building  river-craft,  cotton  printing  aDtl 
dyeing  establishments,  and  manufactures  of  silk  goods.  It 
is  a  bishop's  sec. 

Valence,  the  French  name  of  Valencia. 

Valence  d'Agen,  v4M6.vss'  di'zlifi.v',  a  town  m 
Franco,  in  Tarn-et-Garonne,  13  miles  W.  of  Moissac,  It 
has  noted  tanneries,  and  manufactures  of  edge-tools,  pen^ 
and  ropes.     Pop.  3099. 

Valencia,  vi-ldn'shc-a  (Sp.  pron.  yi-lJn'the-l),  • 
captain-generalcy  and  former  kingdom  of  Spain,  on  tbe  a, 
etast,  now  forming  the  provinces  of  Valencia,  Alicante, and 
Castellon  de  la  Plana.  United  area,  10,209  square  imlw. 
Pop.  1,401,833.  The  N.W.  part  of  the  region  i.«  covered 
with  arid  mountains;  but  the  centre  presents  a  fertile  an* 


VAL 


2fr03 


VAI 


vll-watered  plain,  and  around  Lake  Albufera  arc  exten- 
ts rice-grounds.  The  soil  is  well  cultivated.  The  chief 
riducts  comprise  wine,  figs,  almonds,  olives,  and  excellent 
Ciiiiges.  The  sugar-cane,  hemp,  lint,  and  silk  yield  valu- 
ti'c  returns.  The  principal  mineral  riches  are  salt,  marble, 
tJl  potter's  clay.  It  was  first  colonized  by  the  Phoenicians 
o'Carthaginians,  who  had  established  many  flourishing 
ttlements  in  it,  when  it  was  wrested  from  them  by  the 
])iuans.  Under  the  latter  it  made  great  progress  in  civili- 
xion,  and  was  one  of  the  most  tranquil  provinces  of  the 
epire,  when  it  fell  a  prey  to  the  Goths.  About  the  begin- 
rigof  the  eighth  century  the  Saracens  became  its  masters. 
1  the  eleventh  century  it  was  erected  into  a  separate 
Jiorish  kingdom,  and  retained  its  independence  till  1238, 
ften  Don  Jaime  I.,  availing  himself  of  its  civil  dissen- 
sns,  completely  subdued  it,  and  incorporated  it  with  his 
wgdom  of  Aragon.     It  afterwards  passed  to  the  crown  of 

(fetile,  and  has  since  followed  its  fortunes. Adj.  and 

iSab.  Valencian,  vA-l6a'she-an  (Sp.  Vaie.vciano,  vfl,-15n- 
tk-l'no).  The  Valencian  language  resembles  the  Catalan. 
Valencia,  a  province  of  Spain,  bounded  on  the  N.  by 
*uel  and  Castellon  de  la  Plana,  E.  by  the  Mediterranean 
»,  S.  by  Alicante,  and  W.  by  Albacete  and  Cuenca. 
Jka,,  4332  square  miles.  Pop.  665,141.  Capital,  Valencia. 
'je  surface  is  mountainous  in  the  W.j  but  level  and  fertile 
tlrards  the  Mediterranean.  It  is  watered  by  the  Jucar, 
Iquena,  and  Guadalaviar,  and  their  affluents. 
Valencia  (ano.  Valentia  Edetanorum  ;  Fr.  Valence, 
I'lft.N'ss'j  It.  Valenza,  vi-ldn'zS.),  a  city  of  Spain",  capital 
(khe  ancient  kingdom  and  modern  province  of  the  same 
line,  in  a  fine  plain  on  the  Guadalaviar,  here  crossed  by 
wide  bridges,  about  2  miles  from  the  sea,  and  190  miles 

fi.E.  of  Madrid.     Lat.  39°  28'  N.;  Ion.  0°  24'  W.     It  is 
see  of  an  archbishop,  the  residence  of  a  captain-general, 
I  has  a  supreme  court  of  justice.     The  city  is  enclosed 
walls.     There  are  8  gates,  some  of  which,  with  their 
tcrs   and    machicolations,  are  very  picturesque.      The 
ses  are  lofty  and  gloomy-looking,  and,  with   few  ex- 
tions,  the  streets  arc  tortuous  and  narrow.    Of  the  pub- 
buildings  and  institutions  the  following  may  be  men- 
ned:  a  theatre;  various  hospitals;  the  poor-house,  a  fine 
fice;  the  foundling  hospital,  <fec. ;  a  university,  founded 
1500,  with  chairs  of  jurisprudence,  medicine,  and  phi- 
ophy,  the  library  of  which  numbers  40,000  volumes;  a 
seum  of  natural  history,  chemistry,  and  physics ;  a  bo- 
ic    garden ;    the    teminario-conciliar,   where   theology, 
(eek,  and  Latin  are  taught ;  the  College  of  Corpus  Christi, 
imded  in  1586,  which  contains  many  fine  paintings  by 
ibalta;  and  a  national  museum  in  one  of  the  suppressed 
invents,  containing  six  or  seven  hundred  pictures. 
The  cathedral,  built  on  the  site  of  a  temple  of  Diana 
I  d  a  Moorish  mosque,  was  raised  to  metropolitan  rank  in 
92,  and  is  rich  in  paintings.     There  are,  besides  14  par- 
1  churches,  numerous  suppressed  convents,  the  most  re- 
irkable  of  which  was  St.  Dominic's,  nunneries,  a  mag- 
len  asylum,  hermitages,  a  handsome   custom-house,   a 
-  liege  for  orphans,  a  normal  school,  an  academy  of  fine 
ts,  a  school  of  commerce,  a  chair  of  agriculture,  a  college 
advocates,  a  medical  institute,  with  various  other  eduea- 
mal   establishments,  an   episcopal   palace,  containing  a 
irary  of  11,000  volumes,  the  silk  hall  or  chamber  of  com- 
jrce  (a  beautiful  Gothic  building),  a  noble  Doric  court- 
use,  a  bull-ring,  a  casino,  a  hippodrome,  fine  jjo«eo«  and 
rdens,  good  baths,  prisons,  and  penitentiaries.     The  cit- 
el  was  built  by  Charles  V.  to  defend  Valencia  against 
irbarossa.     The  Glorieta,  with  its  fountains  and  statues, 
a  beautiful  promenade,  frequented  by  the  fashion  and 
auty  of  the  place.    The  climate,  though  hot,  is  salubrious, 
id  the  city  is  resorted  to  by  invalids. 
Valencia  is  celebrated  for  its  manufactures,  the  most  im- 
irtant  of  which  is  spinning  and  weaving  silk,  in  which 
eat  numbers  are  employed;  the  rest  comprise  sackcloth 
he  exportation  of  rice  alone  requiring  about  50,000  sacks 
inually),  cordage,  hats  of  wool,  hair,  silk,  and  straw,  gloves, 
ns,  glass,  painted  tiles,  which  are  very  celebrated,  ordi- 
iry  and  fine  woollens,  soap,  combs,  and  leather.     There 
e  also  foundries,  a  nail-works,  and  a  tobacco-factory  which 
ves  employment  to  more  than  3000  women.     The  harbor 
'  Valencia  is  imperfect,  and  its  foreign  commerce  has  de- 
incd.     The  principal  articles  of  import  are  linens,  iron- 
ongery,  drugs,  bar  iron,  planks,  and  colonial  produce; 
id  the  chief  articles  exported  comprise  corn,  rice,  silk, 
ifTron,  almonds,  raisins,  and  oranges. 
For  its  opposition  to  the  French  in  the  war  of  succession, 
was  despoiled  of  its  liberties  and  wealth  by  Philip  V.    It 
as  taken  in  1812  by  the  French  under  Suchct,  who  held 
,  till  June,  1813.     Pop.  14.3,861. 


Valencia,  vi-ldn'she-*,  a  large  county  of  New  Mexico, 
borders  on  Arizona.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Rio  Grande, 
and  is  also  irrigated  by  the  Rio  San  Josfi  and  the  Riu 
Puerco.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  a  range  of  niouni 
tains,  which  some  call  the  Sierra  Madre,  and  is  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests.  The  soil  in  some  parts  is  fertile, 
if  irrigated.  Indian  corn,  wool,  and  wheat  are  the  staple 
products.  Capital,  Los  Lunas.  Valuation  of  real  and  per- 
sonal estate,  $2,500,000.  Pop.  in  1870,  9093,  of  whom  8732 
were  Americans;  in  1880,  13,095. 

Valencia,  a  post-village  of  Shawnee  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Dover  township,  near  Kansas  River,  10  miles  W.  of  Topeka. 
Pop.  about  1 50. 

Valencia,  vi-lSn'she-a  (Sp.  pron.  vi-15n'the-4),  a  city 
of  Venezuela,  capital  of  the  state  of  Carabobo.  Lat.  10° 
12'  N. ;  Ion.  67°  55'  W.  It  is  finely  situated,  covers  a  large 
surface,  and  has  an  active  commerce  with  Caracas  and  Puerto 
Cabello.  Pop.  36,145.  It  has  a  fine  market-hall,  a  steam 
sugar-refinery,  and  a  noble  old  church.  Kot  far  to  the  E. 
is  the  extensive  Lake  op  Valencia  (which  see). 

Valencia,  Ireland.    See  Valentia. 

Valencia  de  Alcantara,  v3,-l6n'the-i  di  il-kin'ti- 
ri,  a  fortified  town  of  Spain,  on  a  height,  near  the  frontier 
of  Portugal,  province  of  Caccres,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Alcan- 
tara. Pop.  4751.  It  has  a  citadel,  barracks,  and  manu- 
factures of  hats,  linens,  and  leather,  and  is  supposed  to 
occupy  the  site  of  the  ancient  Contraeta. 

Valencia  de  Don  Jnan,  vA-Ifin'the-i  di  don  hoo- 
in'  (anc.  Ooiaca  f),  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  20  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Leon,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Esla.  Pop.  1748. 
Near  it  are  copper-mines  and  marble-quarries. 

Valencia  del  Ventoso,  vi-16n'the-i  ddl  v6n-to'so, 
or  Valencia  del  Barrial,  v4-lin'the-i  ddl  baH-ne-ar,a 
town  of  Spain,  province  and  43  miles  S.E.  of  Bad.ajos. 
Pop.  3680.  It  has  manufactures  of  linens  and  sacking, 
and  some  Roman  iintiquities. 

Valencia,  Lake  of.    See  Lake  of  Valencia. 

Valenciana,  vi-15n-se-Jl'ni,  a  former  silver-mining 
town  of  Mexico,  a  few  miles  N.  of  Guanajuato.  From  1771 
to  1804  the  mine  yielded  an  annual  produce  of  $3,000,000. 

Valenciennes,  vi-l6N»*se-5nn'  (anc.  Valeutianu),  a 
fortified  town  of  France,  department  of  Nord,  on  tho 
Scheldt  (Escaut),  and  on  the  railway  from  Paris  to  Mons, 
31  miles  S.E.  of  Lille.  Lat.  50°  21'  N. ;  Ion.  3°  31'  E. 
Pop.  22,686.  It  has  a  citadel  on  an  island  in  the  Scheldt, 
a  fine  town  hall  and  belfry,  several  churches,  a  communal 
college,  civil  and  military  hospitals,  asylums,  barracks,  an 
arsenal,  a  public  library,  a  museum,  and  a  theatre.  Its  in- 
dustry is  very  various,  comprising  manufactures  of  batiste, 
linen,  lawn,  printed  muslins,  beet  sugar,  gold  and  silver 
tissues,  toys,  and  leather.  It  has  coal-mines,  blast-furnaces, 
forges,  rolling-mills,  distilleries,  dye-works,  and  glass- 
works, with  a  brisk  trade  in  timber,  coal,  and  agricultural 
produce.  Valenciennes  was  taken  in  1793  by  the  English 
and  Austrians  after  a  siege  of  six  weeks.  Tho  historian 
Froissart  was  born  here  in  1337. 

Valeni,  a  town  of  AVallaehia.    See  Walent. 

Valensole,  viM6x°*sol'  (anc.  Va'leni  Sola'ruim  ?),  a 
town  of  France,  in  Basses- Alpes,  30  miles  S.AV.  of  Digne. 
Vermicelli  is  made  here.     Pop.  2182. 

Valentia,  France.     See  Valence. 

Valentia,  Valencia,  vi-l5n'she-a,  or  Kenmore', 
an  island  off  the  W.  coast  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kerry,  3  miles 
S.W.  of  Cahirciveen,  and  separated  from  the  mainland  by 
a  strait  1 J  miles  in  breadth,  and  which  forms  the  most  W. 
harbor  in  the  British  Islands.  Lat.  51°  55'  8"  N.  ;  Ion. 
10°  19' W.     Length  of  island,  7  miles.     Pop.  2139. 

Valentia,  or  Valencia,  a  town  at  the  S.E.  extremity 
of  the  island  of  Valentia,  Ireland,  is  beautifully  enclosed 
among  brown  mountain-slopes.  The  harbor  is  deep,  capa- 
cious, and  completely  landlocked,  and  is  the  most  W.  port 
of  Europe.     Here  several  American  telegraph  cables  land. 

Valentia,  an  island  in  the  Red  Sea.    See  Dissee. 

Valentia  Edetanorum.    See  Valencia. 

Valentiana.    See  Valenciennks. 

Val'entine,  a  post-hamlet  of  La  Grange  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  La 
Grange.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Valentine,  a  station  in  Frederick  co.,  Md.,  on  tho 
Frederick  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  10  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Frederick. 

Valenza,  the  Italian  name  of  Valencia. 

Valenza,  vi-lin'zl  (anc.  Fid'vii  Fo'nim,  Valenii'- 
num  f),  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  7  miles  N.  of  Ales- 
sandria, on  the  Po.  Pop.  6587.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls, 
entered  by  4  gates,  and  has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth, 
soap,  and  leather. 


YAt 


2704 


"VAL 


Valeuzano,  v&'lAn-t&'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province 
and  S.  of  Biiri.     Pop.  3940, 

Valenziiclav  v&-ldn-thwd'l4,  a  village  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  10  miloa  from  Ciudud  Koal.     Pop.  IIGU. 

Viilenzuclnt  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  28  miles 
E.S.IO.  of  Cordova.     Pop.  208rt. 

Vale's  Mills,  a  poat-haiulot  of  Vinton  co.,  0.,  in  Vin- 
ton township,  9  miles  from  Vinton  Station.  It  has  a  grist- 
mill and  a  8aw-mill. 

Vnlespir,  vilMds^pcoR',  an  nnoiont  district  of  Franco, 
\rl  ice  belonged  to  the  former  province  of  RouBsillon,  and 
is  now  included  in  tho  department  of  Pyr6n6e8-Oriontale8. 

Valcswa,  India.     See  Balasore. 

Valetta,  v&l«t't&,  VaPlet'ta,  or  La  Valetta,  I&  v&- 
Idt'tl,  a  seaport  city,  capital  of  the  island  of  Alal  tu,  on  ttie  N.  E. 
ooast.  Lat.  35°o3'  N.;  Ion.  14°  31'  E.  It  is  picturesquely 
aitMatod  on  a  long  neck  of  land  called  Mount  Xibcrras,  which, 
with  the  mainland  on  either  side  of  it,  forms  two  largo  and 
commodious  harbors,  one  on  the  £.,  called  the  Great  Har- 
bor, and  the  other  on  the  W.,  called  the  Quarantine  Harbor. 
The  unevenness  of  the  site  makes  it  necessary  to  keep  up 
the  oommunication  between  the  different  streets  by  flights 
uf  steps,  forming  one  of  tho  peculiar  features  of  tho  place. 
All  the  principal  streets  are  wide,  and  well  paved  with  lava. 
There  are  also  spacious  and  handsome  squares  in  different 
parts  of  the  town ;  and  in  the  lower  part,  or  Marina,  are 
splendid  quays,  lined  with  elegant  edifices.  Besides  the 
town  proper,  Valetta  comprises  a  number  of  suburbs,  of 
which  the  most  important  are  Floriana,  Sangloa,  Burmola, 
and  Vittoriosa. 

The  ecclesiastical  edifices  include  20  churches,  of  which 
the  cathedral,  built  in  15S0,  is  by  far  the  most  interesting. 
Along  its  mosaic  pavement  are  numerous  tombs  of  the 
knights  of  Malta,  represented  in  white  marble  and  in  full 
costume;  other  more  gorgeous  monuments  stand  around  in 
marble  and  bronze,  and,  among  other  pictures,  the  "  Be- 
heading of  St.  John,"  one  of  the  finest  works  of  Caravag- 
gio ;  in  a  chapel  are  deposited  the  keys  of  Jerusalem,  Acre, 
and  Rhodes.  The  other  remarkable  establishments  are  tho 
Palace  of  the  Grand  Master,  now  the  governor's  residence, 
^ith  a  corridor  hung  with  portraits  of  the  knights,  and  an 
armory  rich  in  ancient  armor ;  tho  library  and  museum, 
tho  university,  the  English  collegiate  church  of  St.  Paul, 
founded  by  Queen  Adelaide  at  a  cost  of  £15,000,  tho  ex- 
ohnnge,  theatre,  the  military  hospital,  occupying  a  noble 
^ifice  erected  by  the  knights,  the  naval  hospital,  2  civil 
hospitals,  several  auberges,  or  separate  knights'  palaces. 
Home  of  them  remarkable  for  their  magnificence  and  the 
beauty  of  their  architecture,  the  dock-yard,  capable  of 
admitting  the  largest  man-of-war,  the  house  of  industry, 
the  extensive  barracks,  the  burial-grounds,  formed  out  of 
the  bastions  of  tho  fortifications  around  Valetta,  tho  great 
aqueduct,  extending  from  Citta-Vecchia,  and  the  botanic 
garden  in  the  suburb  Floriana. 

.  Tho  only  manufactures  of  any  consequenco  are  carried 
on  nt  tho  creek  of  Sanglea,  where  merchant-vessels  are 
built  and  fitted  out  at  private  building-yards;  tho  trade  is 
i|.lways  important  in  time  of  war,  when  the  strong  and  cen- 
tral position  of  Malta  makes  it  a  great  emporium  for  the 
traffic  of  the  Mediterranean.  Having  scarcely  any  re- 
sources within  itself,  Valetta  depends  on  other  countries 
for  the  chief  necessaries  of  life,  importing  corn,  oil,  and 
wine  from  Italy  and  Sicily,  and  cattle  and  horses  chiefly 
from  Barbary  and  partly  also  from  Greece  and  Albania. 
The  mail-steamers  for  Alexandria,  Constantinople,  &c.,  call 
liere  regularly.  It  was  founded  by  the  Grand  Master  La 
Valette  in  1566,  occupied  by  the  French  in  1798,  and  taken 
by  the  English  in  ISOl.  It  is  the  seat  of  a  Roman  Catholic 
bishop.     Pop.  53,000. 

Valette,  La,  France.    See  La  Vallette. 

Valgrana,  vll-gri'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  8  miles  W. 
of  Coni,  near  the  Grana.     Pop.  2274. 

Vnlguarnera,  vil-gwauni'rl,  a  town  of  Sicily,  prov- 
ince and  2a  miles  W.N.W.  of  Noto.     Pop.  9524. 

Valhalla,  val-hai'la,  a  post-office  of  Westchester  oo., 
N  Y.,  on  the  New  York  &  Harlem  Railroad,  at  Kensico 
Suition,  25  miles  N.  by  E.  of  New  York. 

VaPhermo'so  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  and  watering- 
place  of  Morgan  co,,  Ala.,  18  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Uunts- 
yille,  and  2i  miles  S.  of  the  Tennessee  River.  It  is  a 
winter  resort  for  invalids,  and  has  medicinal  springs.  It 
contains  2  churches,  a  hotel,  and  numerous  cottages,  and 
IS  surrounded  by  varied  and  attractive  scenery. 

Valiacuta,  the  Hindoo  name  of  Pulicat. 

Valk,  or  Walk,  v&lk,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Livonia,  90 
tniles  N.E.  of  Riga.     Pop.  2923. 

Valkcuburg,  virk^n-bodRO^  (Fr.  Fauquemont,  fo^k^h- 


m6N"'),  a  town  of  Dutch  Liinburg,  on  the  Qcule,  and  on  ll 
railway  to  Aix-la-(;hai>cllo,  7  miles  E.  of  Maestriclil. 

Vaiki,  or  Waiki,  vil'kee,  a  town  of  Ruwia.  buvoh 
ment  and  27  miles  VV.S.W,  of  Kharkov,  on  un  affluent  , 
the  Donets.     Pop.  7030.  '''"  ' 

Vail,  vOll,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  StuhlwoisMobur 
about  16  miles  from  Martonvasar.     Pop.  1UC3. 

Vallada,  vll-yi'Dil,  a  village  of  Spain,  province  and  i 
miles  S.W.  of  Valencia,  on  tho  CuRoIhs.     I'op.  2438 

Valladulid,  viri^-do-lid'  (Sp.  pron.  vil-jl-Dd-li-oh 
(anc.  Pin'tia),  a  city  of  Spain,  capital  of  a  pruvinco,  on  il 
left  bank  of  the  Pisuorga,  at  the  influx  of  the  Enitu'cvii  • 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Palencia,     Lat.  41°  40'  N.  j  Ion.  4°  42'* m| 
It  is  enclosed   by  old  walls,  entered  by  6  giilus,  nml  liJ 
many  large  and  decayed  dwellings.     Principal  tjiilrr-    ,' 
unfinished  cathedral,  the  palace  of  Philip  HI.,  l„, 
asylums,  barracks,  and   a  museum  containing  yM\\\,  ■ 
sculptures,  and  a  library  of   14,000  voluuiosr   Tlio  uiii 
versity,  one  of  the  best  in  Spain,  is  chiefly  colcLmtcd  i 
jurisprudence.    Valladolid  has  iiianufuctures  of  silk.coti.Ji' 
and   woollen  stuffs,  jewelry,  hats,  linen  and  cotton  varr 
paper,  perfumery,  earthenwares,  and  leather,  and  a  trad 
in    white   wines,  madder,  silk,  and   olives,  raised  in  ii 
vicinity.     It  is  the  residence  of  a  captain-general,  a  mili 
tary  intendant,  and  other  authorities,  nnd  is  a  see  sufl'ru"a; 
to  that  of  Toledo.     Belad-Waleod  (or  Belad-Walid),  a«  i 
was  called  by  the  Moors,  was  wrested  from  them  by  OrduK 
II.  in  920.     At  the  beginning  of  the  fifteenth  century 
when    iti  became  the  residence  of  Juiin   II.,  it  was  cun 
sidered  the  finest  town  in   Castile ;   under  Charles  V.  i 
was  adorned  with  splendid  edifices,  and  his  son  Philip  II 
who  was  born  here,  gave  it  the  title  of  city  in  1596,  huvii, 
induced  Clement  VIII.  to  elevate  it  to  a  bishoprio  in  th  | 
preceding  year.     On  tho  removal  of  the  court  to  MadriJ 
it  began  to  decline,     Columbus  died  hero  in  15U6.    Pop 
62,206.  "^I 

Valladolid,  a  province  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile.  Area 
3043  square  miles.     Pop.  242,384. 

Valladolid,  a  city  of  Mexico.    See  Moiielia 

ValMadolid',  a  city  of  Yucatan,  90  miles  E.8.E.  of 
Merida.  Its  appearance  from  a  distance  is  very  pretty,  eacl 
house  having  a  little  garden  in  front,  filled  with  trees  aac 
flowers.  It  has  some  good  public  buildings,  a  fine  square,  i 
handsome  stone  church,  a  town  house,  an  elegant  aqueduct 
which  supplies  the  town  with  water,  and  a  cotton-l'actorj 
built  of  stone.  Valladolid  is  noted  for  the  salubrity  of  i;; 
climate,  and  is  much  resorted  to  by  invalids.     Pop.  4000. 

Valladolid  de  Comayagua.    See  Comayagca. 

Vallata,  vil-li'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Avel 
lino,  district  and  13  miles  S.E.  of  Ariano.     Pop.  3742. 

Vallauris,  viPlOVecss'  (anc.  Vnl'lh  Au'real),  a  vil 
lage  of  France,  department  of  Var,  10  miles  S.E.  of  OrasMi 
Near  it  is  a  mine  of  manganese.     Pop.  3016. 

VaI'lay,  a  small  island  of  Scotland,  Outer  Ilebridet,  co, 
of  Inverness,  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  North  Uist,  from  whicll 
it  is  separated  by  a  narrow  sound.     Length,  2  miles. 

Vail  de  Ujo,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Valle  de  Ujo. 

Valle,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co..  Mo.     Pop.  2S16. 

Valle  Camonica,  Italy.    See  Camonica. 

Vallecito,  vil-lA-see'to,  or  Vailicita,  vil-lc-see'tl, 
a  mining  post- village  of  Calaveras  co.,  Cal.,  55  miles  E.  by 
N.  of  Stockton.     It  has  a  church.     Gold  is  found  here. 

Vallecorsa,  vil-li-koii'sd,  a  town  of  Italy,  provino* 
of  Rome,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Frosinone.     Pop.  3903. 

Val'le-Cru'cis,  a  ruined  abbey  of  Wales,  co.  of  Den«i 
high,  parish  of  Llangollen.  It  was  founded  by  a  prince  of 
Powys  for  Cistercian  monks. 

ValMe  Cru'cis,  a  village  of  Richland  co.,  S.C,  2  mile* 
from  Columbia.     Here  is  an  Ursuline  convent. 

Valle  deAbdaliy is,  v5,ryid.\ib-da-ia-nees8',atown 
of  Spain,  12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Malaga.    Pop.  3629. 

Valine  d'Auge,  France.    See  Aug e. 

Valle  de  Herinigna,  viU'yi  d4  6u-mce'gwl,  a  vil- 
lage of  the  Canaries,  in  the  island  of  Gomera,  beautifully 
situated  among  lofty  hills.     Pop.  1827. 

Valle  de  Hufvjucar.    See  Calvillo. 

Valle  de  Santa  Anna,  viTyA  d.^  eln'tl  Jn'nl,  » 
village  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  province  and  about  40 
miles  from  Badnjos.     Pop.  1780. 

Valle  de  Ujo  (or  IJxo),  vAl'yi  di  oo'no,  or  Vall  de 
Ujo,  vii  di  oo'ho,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  15  inilei 
S.W.  of  Castellon  de  la  Plana.  It  has  potteries  and  du*. 
tilleries.     Pop.  7206. 

Valle  di  Fianona.    See  Fianoxa. 

Valledulmo,  vai-lA-dool'mo,  or  Val-dcll'-Olmo, 
vll-dSl-ol'mo,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  and  40  miles  S.K 
of  Palermo.     Pop.  6996. 


val 


2705 


VAL 


^^ 

l^allegio,  vftl-U'jo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  15 

ikea  S.W.  of  Verona,  near  the  Mincio.     It  lias  an  old 

cjtle,  and  a  remarkable  bridge  or  oauseway,  battlemented 

M  defended  by  several  lofty  towers.     Pop.  2018. 
Vitlle  Hermoso,  vil'yi.  fiit-mo'so,  a  town  of  the  Ca- 

rjries,  N.  end  of  the  island  of  Goinera.     It  consists  of  500 

hifcs,  including  several  hamlets.     I'op.  4174. 
.Vallejo,  vil-yfi'Ho  or  val-lu'ho,  a  post-town  of  Solano 

4  €al.,  is  situated  on  the  northeastern  shore  of  San  Pablo 

ik,  at  the  mouth  of  Napa  CreeU,  and  near  the  W.  end  of 

tj-Strait  of  Carquinez,  27  miles  N.N.B.  of  San  Francisco. 

As  the  southern  terminus  of  the  California  Pacific  Ilail- 

rjd,  which  connects  it  with  Sacramento,  60  miles  distant. 

I  has  a  large  and  safe  harbor,  and  is  accessible  to  the 

itest  sea-going  ships.     It  is  built  on  the  slopes  of  hills 

vSch  rise  gently  to  the  height  of  100  feet  or  more  above 

t!  level  of  the  bay.     It  contains  1  or  2  banks,  7  churches, 

aligh  school,  a  seminary  for  young  ladies,  a  convent,  an 

0|hans'  home,  a  grain-elevator,  and  printing-offices  which 

ine  2  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers.    It  has  a  post-offico 

okhe  first  class,  several  flouring-mills,  ship  yards,  shoe- 

filories,  <kc.     Large  quantities  of  grain  are  shipped  here. 

Il-e  is  a  United  States  navy-yard,  on  Mare  Island.  Vallejo 

h}  manufactures  of  steam-engines,  boilers,  sash,  doors, 

b-ids,  and  castings.     Pop.  in  1880,  5987. 

falleiunga,  vil-li-loon'gi,  a  town  of  Sicily,  18  miles 
KV.  of  Caltanisetta.     Pop.  5147. 

^allendar,  vil-len-daR*,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
Siiles  N.N.E.  of  Co'blentz,  on  the  Rhine.     Pop.  3509. 

fal'lentyne,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  5 
nies  W.  of  Sunderland.     Pop.  100. 

'^alleraugue,  viri^h-rog',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gard, 
olthe  Ilerault,  .39  miles  N.W.  of  Nimes.     Pop.  3.376. 

falles,  vil'y6s,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  and  135  miles 
Bby  S.  of  San  Luis  Potosi,  on  the  Tula.     Pop.  3500. 

[alle's  Mines,  a  post-office  of  St.  Francois  co..  Mo. 

fallet,  vilMi',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loire-Inf6rieure, 
Ifniles  E.S.E.  of  Nantes.     Pop.  1161. 

falletort,  vArton',  or  Saint  S^bastien  d'Ayl- 
riir,  sis"  s4^bS.s'te-iN»'d4rm6r',  a  post-village  in  Beauce 
cr'  Quebec,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Lambton.  It  contains  several 
as-  and  grist-mills,  and  2  stores.     Pop.  175. 

f al  Levantine,  Switzerland.     See  LevantijiTE. 

fai'ley,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Nebraska,  has 
atirea  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  North 
Ljip  and  Middle  Loup  Rivers.  The  surface  is  an  undu- 
Iftag  prairie.     Pop.  in  1880,  2324.     Capital,  Ord. 

ralley,  a  post-office  of  Hot  Spring  co.,  Ark. 

falley,  post-office  of  Talbot  co.,  Ga. 

ralley,  a  township  of  Stark  co..  111.     Pop.  1061. 

ralley,  a  township  of  Guthrie  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  578. 

ralley,  a  township  of  Page  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  836. 

falley,  a  township  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  884. 

falley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Iowa,  on 
S|nk  River,  about  20  miles  N.  of  Fairfield.  It  has  2 
cfrches  and  a  steam  mill. 

j  alley,  a  township  of  Ellsworth  co.,  Kansas.     P.  826. 

falley,  a  post-office  of  Greenwood  co.,  Kansas,  about 
Steiles  W.  of  Humboldt. 

falley,  a  township  of  Harvey  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  280. 

falley,  a  township  of  Lincoln  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  476. 

falley,  a  township  of  Linn  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  931. 

falley,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  737. 

falley,  a  township  of  Morris  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  1001. 

falley,  a  township  of  Nemaha  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  487. 

falley,  a  township  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  521. 

^alley,  a  post-office  of  Lewis  co.,  Ky. 
JTalley,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Louis  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri 
ftiflc  Railroad,  at  Laclede  Station. 

falley,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  co..  Neb.,  near  the 
Fitte  River,  and  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  12  miles 
6t.  of  Fremont.  It  has  a  church,  2  grain-warehouses,  and 
apoom-factory.     Pop.  about  200. 

j/alley,  a  station  of  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey, 
Imiles  E.S.E.  of  Phillipsburg,  N.J. 

valley,  a  station  in  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie  Rail- 
rid  (Newburg  &  New  York  Branch),  19i  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Ipwburg. 

/alley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.,  in  Butler 
tpship,  about  25  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Canton.  It  has  a 
ip-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

yalley,  a  township  of  Guernsey  co.,  0.    Pop.  834. 

i^alley,  a  township  of  Scioto  co.,  0.     Pop.  724. 

{galley,  a  station  in  Adams  co..  Pa.,  on  the  railroad  be- 
teen  Gettysburg  and  Hanover,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Hanover, 

valley,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Alle- 
IJany  Valley  Railroad,  12i  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 


Valley,  a  township  of  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1821, 

Valley,  a  township  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1165. 

Valley,  a  post-office  of  Clarion  co.,  Pa.,  about  17  milei 
S.E.  of  Oil  City. 

Valley,  a  township  of  Montour  oo..  Pa.     Pop.  1061. 

Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Guadalupe  co.,  Tex.,  about  20 
miles  E.N.E.  of  San  Antonio. 

Valley,  a  post-office  of  Vernon  c6.,  Wis. 

Valley  Bend,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  AV.  Va., 
48  miles  S.  of  Webster  Station. 

Valley  Brook,  a  post-township  of  Osage  co.,  Kansas, 
about  26  miles  S.W.  of  Lawrence.     Pop.  962. 

Valley  Centre,  a  post-office  of  San  Diego  co.,  Cal. 

Valley  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas, 
on  a  branch  of  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  F6  Railroad, 
11  miles  N.  of  Wichita. 

Valley  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Highland  co.,  Va. 

Valley  City,  a  post-office  of  I'ike  co..  111. 

Valley  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.,  near 
the  Ohio  River,  30  miles  S.W.  of  New  Albany. 

Valley  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Barnes  co.,  N.D., 
on  the  Sheyonne  River,  and  on  the  Northern  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 60  miles  W.  of  Moorhead.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Valley  Creek,  township,  Osage  co.,  Kansas.     P.  907. 

Valley  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
Minn.,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Newport.     It  has  2  flour-mills. 

Valley  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fannin  co.,  Tex.,  12 
miles  S.  of  Bonham.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
lumber-mill. 

Valley  Cru'cis,  a  post-office  of  Watauga  co.,  N.C. 

Valley  Falls  (formerly  called  Grasshopper  Falls), 
a  post  town  of  Jefl'erson  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Delaware  River, 
and  on  the  Kansas  Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Atchison,  Topeka  <fe  Santa  F6  Railroad,  36  miles  AV.  of 
Leavenworth,  and  24  miles  N.N.E.  of  Topeka.  It  con- 
tains 2  banks,  a  union  school,  a  newspaper  office,  4 
churches,  3  flouring-mills,  and  a  woollen-factory.  The 
river  here  affords  water-power.     Pop.  in  1880,  1016. 

Valley  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Hoosic  River,  and  on  the  Troy  <fc  Boston  Railroad, 
14  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Troy.  It  is  mostly  in  Pittstown  town- 
ship, and  is  sometimes  called  Pittstown  Station.  It  has  a 
church,  a  paper-mill,  a  graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  and  a 
manufactory  of  twine  and  mosquito-netting.     Pop.  782. 

Valley  Falls,  a  post-village  in  Cumberland  and  Lin- 
coln townships.  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  on  the  Blackstone 
River,  and  on  the  Providence  &  Worcester  Railroad,  6 
miles  N.  of  Providence.  It  has  3  churches,  2  cotton-fac- 
tories (for  print  cloths),  a  foundry,  Ac.     P.  in  1880,  1861. 

Valley  Falls,  a  post-office  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C,  5 
or  6  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Sp.artanburg. 

Valley  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  AV.  Va.,  on 
Tygart's  A'alley  River,  and  on  the  Baltimore  <fe  Ohio  Rail 
road,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Grafton.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and 
several  saw-mills. 

Val'leyfield,  a  post-village  of  Quebec,  co.  of  Beau 
harnois,  near  the  head  of  Beauharnois  Canal,  6  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Coteau  Landing.  It  has  extensive  water-power,  a  large 
paper-mill,  a  woollen-factory,  several  saw-  and  grist-mills, 
3  hotels,  and  about  a  dozen  stores.     Pop.  2000. 

Valleylield,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co..  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  on  the  Prince  Edward  Island  Railway,  20 
miles  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  100. 

Valley  Ford,  a  post-village  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.,  in  a 
beautiful  valley,  on  the  North  Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  61i 
miles  N.N.AV.  of  San  Francisco.     It  has  2  churches. 

Valley  Ford,  a  post-offico  of  Meigs  co.,  0. 

Valley  Forge,  Illinois.  See  Villa  Ridge. 
Valley  Forge,  a  post-village  in  Schuylkill  township, 
Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Schuylkill  River  and  the  Philadel- 
phia <fc  Reading  Railroad,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Phosnixville.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  paper-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  a  soap-factory, 
and  a  chair-factory.  In  December,  1777,  the  army  of 
General  Washington  (about  11,000  men)  went  into  winter 
quarters  at  this  place,  where  they  sufi"ered  severe  privations. 
Valley  Forge,  a  hamlet  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Schuylkill  River.     Pop.  119. 

Valley  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  W.  Va. 

Valley   Fur'nace,   a    post-hamlet   of    Barbour  co., 

W.  Va.,  13  miles  S.  of  Thornton  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Valley  Grange,  a  post-office  of  Red  AVillow  co..  Neb. 

Valley  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ohio  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 

the  Wheeling  <fc  Pittsburg  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio 

Railroad,  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Wheeling. 

Valley  Head,  a  post-hamlet  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Alabama  <fc  Chattanooga  Railroad,  40  miles  S.S.W  of 
Chattanooga.    It  has  a  church. 


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Valley  Head*  a  post-oflico  of  lUndolph  co.,  Vf.  Va. 
Valley  Home,  a  post-othco  ut'  iiambluo  oo.,  Tenn.,  5 
miles  S.  of  Murristown. 

Vnllcy  Home,  Virginia.    Seo  Back  Creek  Vallbt. 
Valley  House,  a  sUtion  in  Proble  co.,  0.,  on  the  rail- 
road betweon  lluuiilton  nnd  Eiiton,  H  niilos  S.  of  Eaton. 

Vnlley  Juuction,  Pulk  oo.,  Iowa,  is  on  llto  Bos  Moines 
&  Fort  Dodgu  liailroiid,  ut  its  junction  with  the  Chicago, 
Rock  Island  &  Pacilio  lliiilruad,  (i  iiulcs  W.  of  Dus  Moines. 
Valley  Junction,  a  stjition  in  liauiilton  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Miami  River,  at  the  luouth  of  the  Whitewater,  and 
on  the  Indiananolis,  Cinoinnati  <fc  Lafayette  Railroad,  at 
its  junction  with  the  Whitewater  Valley  liranch  of  that 
road,  18  luilcs  W.N.AV.  of  Cinoiuuali. 

Valley  Junction,  a  post-office  of  York  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Hanover  Junction,  Iliinuver  &  Gettysburg  Railroad,  at  its 
junction  with  the  liachuiau's  Valley  Railroad,  7  miles  E. 
of  Hanover. 

Valley  Junction,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  oo.,  Wis., 
on  the  Wisconsin  Valley  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the 
West  Wisconsin  Railroad,  6i  miles  N.E.  of  Tomah. 

Valley  Lee,  a  post-office  of  St.  Mary's  co.,  Md. 

Valley  Mills,  a  post-hatulet  in  Decatur  township, 
Marion  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Indianapolis  &  Vinconnea  Rail- 
road, 8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Indianapolis. 

Valley  Mills,  a  post-hauilet  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  i 
mile  from  Cook's  Corners  Station  on  the  Midland  Railroad. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Valley  Mills,  a  station  in  Greene  co.,  0.,  on  the  Little 
Miami  Railroivd,  b  miles  S.W.  of  Xenia. 

Valley  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Uosquc  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  Uosque  Rivor,  23  miles  X.W.  of  Waco.  It  has  a  flour- 
ing-mill,  a  carriage-shop,  and  several  stores. 

Valley  Mills,  a  post-humlot  of  Wood  co.,  W.  Va.,  8 
miles  K.E.  of  Parkcrsburg.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw- 
mill. 

Valley  Mines,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ala.,  J 
mile  from  Wills  Creek,  and  3i  miles  from  Fort  Payne. 
Here  is  a  coal-mine. 

Valley  Oak,  a  post-office  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ky. 

Valley  of  Jehos'haphat,  Palestine,  is  a  mountain- 
gorge  immediately  N.E.  of  the  city  of  Jerusalem,  its  lower 
part  forming  the  bed  of  the  brook  Kedron.  It  is  covered 
with  sepulchres,  some  groups  of  which  have  been  named 
the  "  tombs  of  the  Kings"  and  "  tombs  of  the  Judges,"  In 
the  valley  are  also  the  reputed  site  of  the  garden  of  Geth- 
scmane,  the  village  of  Siloam,  and  the  fountain  of  the  Vir- 
gin, supposed  to  be  the  ancient  pool  of  Bethesda. 

Valley  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa., 
in  Shirley  township,  about  60  miles  W.  of  Ilarrisburg.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Valley  Point,  a  post-office  of  Preston  co.,  W.  Va. 

Valley  Ridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dunklin  co.,  Mo.,  7 
miles  from  Maiden.     It  has  a  church. 

Valley  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Llano  co.,  Te.'c. 

Valley  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Doone  co.,  Ark.,  100 
miles  S.  of  Springfield,  Mo.  It  has  a  tloar-mill  and  a  wool- 
len-factory. 

Valley  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Qalaveras  co.,  Cal. 

Valley  Springs,  a  hamlet  of  Rutherford  co.,  N.C.,  19 
miles  S.  of  Marion. 

Valley  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Minnehaha  co., 
S.D.,  on  the  Sioux  Falls  Branch  Railroad,  16  miles  E.  of 
Sioux  Falls.    It  has  2  elevators,  a  public  hall,  and  4  stores. 

Valley  Station,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Louisville,  Paducah  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  11  miles 
S.  of  Louisville. 

Valley  Store,  a  post-office  of  Chattooga  co.,  Ga. 

Valley  Store,  Chester  co.,  Pa.   See  Warbk.v  TAVBn^f. 

Valley  Stream,  a  post-hamlet  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Southern  Railroad  of  Long  Island,  at  the  junction  of 
two  branches  of  the  same,  16  miles  E.  of  Brooklyn.  It  has 
a  church. 

Valley  Town,  a  post-township  of  Cherokee  co.,  N.C, 
17  miles  N.E.  of  Murphy.     Pop,  1030. 

Valley  View,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co.,  Iowa. 

Valley  View,  a  post-village  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.,  4 
miles  N.  of  Good  Spring  Station. 

Valley  View,  a  post-village  of  Cooke  co.,  Tex.,  40 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Sherman.    It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Valley  View,  a  post-office  of  Smyth  co.,  Va.,  10  miles 
from  Marion. 

Valley  Works,  a  station  on  the  Southwest  Pennsyl- 
vania Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Connellsville,  Pa. 

Vallicita,  California.     See  Vallecito. 

Vallievo,  or  VaUjevo,  vil-le-i'vo,  a  town  of  Servia, 
65  miles  S.W.  of  Belgrade,     Pop.  3993. 


Vallo,  or  II  Vnllo,  eel  vM'lo,  a  town  of  ItnW  nr 
inoe  nnd  41  miles  S.S.E.  of  Salerno.     Pop.  2486.        " 

Vallon,  vAri6w»',  a  town  of   France,  in  Ardichc 
miles   S.S.E.  of    Largentiiiro.     Pop.   1C(I7,    Nbm  it  1, 
cataract  of  the  Arddche  above  a  natural  bridge. 

Vallongo,  a  village  of  Portugal.     Sco  Vai'oxco 

Vallouia,  val-lo'ne-a,  a  post-villago  of  Jiu-U.n 
Ind.,  near  the  Driftwood  or  East  Fork  of  the  White  Hu 
and  on  the  Ohio  A  Mi8»i88ipi)i  Railroad,  14  miles  W.S  U 
Seymour.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  Unnory. 

Vallonia,  a  post-office  of  Decatur  co.,  Knnsoi. 

Vallonia,  a  jjost-office  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  on  a  n 
road,  at  Irwin's  Station,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Bcllairc. 

Vallonia,  a  post-borough   of   Crawford  co., 'p,i. 
French  Creek,  opposite  Mcadvillo,  about  i  mile  from  Mw 
ville  Station. 

Vallonia  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Broome  oo.,  N.> 
4  miles  S.  of  Afton  Station,  and  about  24  miles  E.  by  X 
Binghamton.     Here  are  medicinal  springs  and  a  hoieL 

Vallorbe,  viPlonb',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  in  Vi 
near  the  French  frontier,  8  miles  W.  of  Orbe. 

Vallouise,  virioo-ecz',  a  village  of  Fninee.in  IUut« 
Alpes,  8  miles  W.S.W.  of  Brianjon.     Pop.  1177. 

Vails,  vils,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  10  mile*  I 
of  Tarragona,  in  a  ])lain  watered  by  the  Frnncoli.  I'ol 
12,055,  who  spin  cotton  and  woollen  yarn,  distil  bmn  I 
and  manufacture  leather  and  soap.  The  French  unilcr  > 
Cyr  defeated  the  Spaniards  here  in  1809,  but  wer«  in  ibt 
turn  defeated  in  1811. 

Vally,  variec'  (anc.  Ad  Valle»r),  a  village  of  Franc 
in  Haute-Savoic,  near  Thonon. 

Valmadrera,  vill-mi-drA'r4,  a  village  of  Italy,  proi 
inco  and  about  15  miles  from  Como.     Pop.  1987. 

Val  Melsolsina,  the  Italian  name  of  Misocco. 

VaPmont',  a  post-vill.age  of  Boulder  co.,  Col.,  on  tl 
Boulder  Valley  Branch  of  the  Kansas  Pivcific  Unilrou4,  , 
miles  by  rail,  or  25  miles  by  wagon-road,  N.N.  W.  of  l>cni  ■ 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  about  5U0.  llcr 
is  a  remarkable  dike  of  basalt  or  dolerite,  1  mile  long  aD<l 
about  300  feet  high.  j 

Valnioutone,  vil-raon-to'nA,  a  village  of  Italy,  : 
miles  S.E.  of  Rome.     Pop.  3637. 

Valmozzola,  v&l-mot'so-l&,  or  Pievc  di  Yalmo/- 
zola,  pe-A.'vi  dee  vil-mot'so-l&,  a  village  of  Nortln 
Italy,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Parma,  on  the  Mozzola.    P.  21t: 

Valmy,  vil^mee',  a  village  of  France,  in  .M.irne,  0  miic 
from  Sainte-Menehould.  Hero,  in  1792,  the  Prussians  wen 
defeated  by  Kellermann. 

Valognes,  vi'lon',  a  town  of  France,  in  Manchc,  or 
the  Merdcret,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Cherbourg.  Pop.  491u.  ll 
has  a  college,  a  public  library,  and  manufactures  of  duel;' 
blonde,  and  lace. 

Valois,  vi'lwi',  an  old  district  of  France,  now  con 
prised  in  the  departments  of  Oise  and  Aisne. 

Valona,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  Avloxa. 

Valongo,  vil-long'go,  or  Vallongo,  a  village  of  Pur- 
tugal,  in  Minho,  7  miles  E.N.E.  of  Oporto.     Pop.  4002. 

Valooiki,  Valouiki,  or  VValuiki,  v4-loo-eo'kce,  . 
town  of  Russia,  government  and  115  miles  S.S.W.of  Voii/- 
nezh,  on  the  Oskol,  here  joined  by  the  Valooi.     Pop.  6070. 

Valor,  vi-lon',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  provinc* 
and  about  55  miles  from  Granada,  on  the  S.  side  of  th« 
Sierra  Nevada.     Pop.  1240. 

Valparaiso,  vil-pi-ri'so,  a  fortified  city,  the  capit»I 
of  a  province  of  its  own  name,  and  the  principal  port  of 
Chili,  is  situated  on  a  large  bay  in  the  PaciOc,  90  miles  (or 
120  by  rail)  W.N.W.  of  Santiago.  Lat.  33°  1'  5C"  S.;  Ion, 
71°  41'  45"  W.  The  Bay  of  Valparaiso  is  of  a  seuiicirc«l«r 
form,  and  capable  of  accommodating  a  very  large  fleet.  It 
is  well  sheltered  on  the  E.,  S.,  and  W.,  but  is  entirely  open 
towards  the  N. ;  and  during  the  prevalence  of  winds  from 
this  quarter  in  the  winter  season,  accompanied  by  a  heavy 
rolling  sea,  the  shipping  is  much  exposed.  The  town  bai 
a  very  picturesque  situation.  The  part  properly  called  the 
Port  is  built  on  the  lower  slopes  of  a  range  of  lofty  heigbU 
which  encircle  the  bay,  and  on  a  narrow  beach,  widened 
here  and  there  by  deep  cuttings  into  these  steep  acclivitie*. 
The  Almendral,  formerly  a  rural  suburb,  is  the  most  popu- 
lous and  active  part  of  the  town.  Here  the  base  of  th« 
hills  is  farther  removed  from  the  sea  than  it  is  in  the  W. 
part  or  Port,  and  the  intervening  space,  being  quite  \ertif 
forms  excellent  building-ground.  The  environs  have  nitnj 
fine  gardens  and  villas.  Of  the  public  buildings,  the  cus- 
tom-house (or  palace),  market-houses,  masonic  temple,  tn« 
police  barracks,  the  jail,  the  government  house,  the  pub  ii! 
warehouses,  post-office,  city  hall,  exchange,  theatres,  th« 
fine  churches,  convenU,  and  hospitals  are  worthy  of  notK*. 


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2707 


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lero  are  numerous  schools  for  both  sexes,  in  most  of  which 
B  English  liinguiige  is  freely  taught,  this  being  considered 

I  essential  branch  of  education.  Hotels  and  caj'e»  are 
:  morous,  and  are  chieliy  kept  by  Frenchmen.     The  for- 

[ners  in  Valparaiso  constitute  no  slight  proportion  of  the 
pulation.  The  English  are  the  most  numerous,  then  the 
irmans,  French,  and  Americans.  The  town  is  lit  with 
s,  is  well  paved,  and  has  steam  fire-engines  and  street- 
:  ilways,  and  a  public  library.  Many  of  the  artisans  are 
iropean,  so  are  the  principal  houses  of  business,  together 
th  their  numerous  retinues  of  clerks,  and  this  gives  to 
B  foreign  body  a  standing  and  influence  it  i)ogsosses  in 
;  other  part  of  the  country  or  the  coast.  The  city  is  the 
jjatest  commercial  port   of    the    Pacific    coast  of   South 

rerioa,  it  having  an  import  trade  of  about  S35,000,000 
annum,  cx])orts  about  $15,000,000.  During  the  Span- 
|i  domination  Valparaiso  was  a  place  of  very  little  note, 
;jd  was  scarcely  known  to  the  world.  In  1819  the  popu- 
lion  barely  amounted  to  5000  souls.  In  1866  it  was  boin- 
jrdoJ  by  a  Spanish  fleet.  Pop.  97,737. 
jValparaiso,  a  province  of  Chili,  bounded  E.  and  S. 

II  Santiago.  Its  AV.  border  is  the  Pacific  Ocean.  Area, 
184  square  miles.     Pop.  178,523. 

'Valparaiso,  val-pa-ri'so  (local  pron.  vaTpa-ri'zo),  a 
>y,  the  capifal  of  Porter  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort 
iayne  &  Chicago  Railroad,  44  miles  S.E.  of  Chicago,  22 
ties  S.W.  of  La  Porte,  and  45  miles  W.S.W.  of  South 
ind.  It  is  the  southwest  terminus  of  the  Chicago  it  Lake 
uron  Railroad.  It  contiiins  a  court-house,  0  churches,  a 
tional  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  savings-bank,  a  high 
aool,  the  Northern  Indiana  Normal  School,  and  St.  Paul's 
tademy  (Catholic).  It  has  manufactures  of  farming-imple- 
ints  artd  other  articles.  P.  in  1870,  2765;  in  1880,  4461. 
Valparaiso,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co.,  Mo.,  is  at 
illock  Station  on  the  Burlington  &  Southwestern  Railroad. 
Valparaiso,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saunders  co..  Neb.,  on 
jranch  of  Saline  Creek,  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lincoln. 
Valperga,  vS.l-p4H'gi,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont, 
miles  AV.S.W.  of  Ivrea.  Pop.  3091. 
Vajpo,  vdl'po,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Slavonia,  near  the 
•ave,  16  miles  W.N.W.  of  Eszek.  Pop.  2800. 
Valreas,  v.^rri'i',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vaueluse,  22 
lies  N.E.  of  Orange.  It  has  manufactures  of  silk  and 
.     Pop.  3186. 

Vals,  vM,  a  town  of   France,  in  Ardcche,   12  miles 
.S.W.  of  Privas.     Pop.  1785.     Close  to  it  are  several  cha- 
bcate  springs,  much  frequented  by  visitors. 
Valstagna,  vil-slin'yi,  a  village  of  Italy,  23  miles 
E.  of  Vicenza,  on  the  Brenta.    Pop.  3676.    It  has  manu- 
ctures  of  Tyrolcse  hats,  and  a  trade  in  charcoal. 
iValtanas,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Baltanas. 
Valtellina,   vil-tSl-Ice'na,  or  Yaltelline,   v&l-t6l- 
jn',  a  former  circle  of  the  Austrian  dominions,  consisting 
the  upper  valley  of  the  Adda,  S.E.  of  the  Grisons,  and 
w  forming  the  Italian  province  of  Sondrio.    Chief  towns, 
ndrio,  Tirano,  Chiavenna,  and  Bormio. 
Yaltierra,  vil-te-Ju'iii,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of 
ivarre,  on  the  Ebro,  42  miles  S.  of  Pamplona.     P.  1457. 
Valton,  val'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sauk  co.,  Wis.,  in 
oodland  township,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Wonowoc.     It  has  a 
urch. 

Valtoiirnanche,  v&rtoon'n5Nsh',  a  village  of  Italy, 
miles  N.E.  of  Aosta.     Pop.  1371. 
Valverde,  vil-v6u'di,  or  Valverde  de  Lcganes, 
,l-vfiR'd4  dd,  li-gl'nSs,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  12 
lies  S.W.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  2080. 

Valverde,  the  capital  town  of  the  island  of  Ferro, 
maries.     Pop.  4642. 

Valverde  de  Jucar,  vil-vfia'di  dA  Hoo'kar,  a  town 
Spain,  province  and  23  miles  S.  of  Cucnca,  near  the 
icar.     Pop.  1455. 

Valverde  de  la  Vera,  vil-vJn'di  di  li  vi'rl,  a  town 
Spain,  in  Caceres,  12  miles  from  Jarandilla. 
Valverde  del  Camino,  vil-v6u'di  dSl  ki-meo'no,  a 
wn  of  Spain,  in  Iluelva,  38  miles  W.  of  Seville.  P.  5460. 
Valverde  del  Fresno,  vil-vSii'di  dSl  frSs'no,  a  vil- 
ge  of  Spain,  55  miles  from  Caceres,  in  a  valley.  P.  1521. 
Valverde  de  Llerena,  vil-vfiu'di  di  U-ri'ni,  a 
wn  of  Spain,  in  Badajos,  10  miles  from  Llerena.  P.  1628. 
Val  Verdi,  a  township  of  Sumner  co.,  Kansas.  P.  335. 
Van,  vin,  or  Wan,  win  (anc.  Ai-lemitat),  a  fortified 
ty  of  Turkish  Armenia,  capital  of  a  vilayet  of  the  same 
ime,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Lake  Van,  145  miles  S.E.  of 
rzroom.  Lat.  38°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  43°  40'  E.  Pop.  variously 
timated  at  12,000  and  40,000.  It  stands  enclosed  by 
double  line  of  ramparts,  at  the  S.  face  of  an  isolated 
ok,  crowned  by  its  citadel.     It  is  ill  built,  but  has  several 


largo  Armenian  churches,  mosques,  baths,  caravansaries, 
(fee.,  bazaars  abundantly  supjjlied  with  produce  raised  in 
the  vicinity,  and  some  massive  and  remarkable  antiquities, 
which  have  been  attributed  to  Semiramis.  About  500  looms 
here  are  said  to  be  employed  in  manufacturing  fabrics  of 
cotton  imported  from  Persia,  and  these  goods,  with  rural 
produce,  constitute  its  chief  exports.     See  also  Lake  \ xa. 

Vana,  vi'ni,  Van,  or  the  Breck'nock  Bea'con, 
the  loftiest  mountain  of  South  Wales,  co.  and  5  miles  S.W. 
of  Brecon.     Height  above  the  sea,  2862  feet. 

Van  A'ken,  a  station  in  Somerset  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Delaware  <fe  Bound  Brook  Railroad,  10^  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Bound  Brook. 

Van  A'ken's  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Saugertics  township,  7  miles  W.  of  Tivoli.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  stone-quarry. 

Van  Alstyne,  all'stln,  a  post-village  of  Grayson  co., 
Tex.,  on  the  Houston  &  Texas  Central  Railroad,  154  miles 
S.  of  Sherman.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  about 
10  stores.     Pop.  in  1880,  213. 

Vanatta,  van-at'ta,  a  station  in  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  Morris  &,  Essex  Railroad  (Chester  Branch),  8  miiea 
N.E.  of  Chester. 

Vanatta,  a  post-haralet  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  on  the  Lake 
Erie  division  of  the  Baltimore  ifc  Ohio  Railroad,  5  or  6  miles 
N.  of  Newark.     It  has  a  church  and  a  foundry. 

Van  Bachran,  vin  bdic'r^n,  a  town  of  India,  Bunnoo 
district.     Pop.  6178. 

Van  Brunt  Station,  a  post-office  of  Kings  co.,  N.Y., 
is  a  branch  of  the  Brooklyn  post-ofiice. 

Van  Buren,  bu'r^n,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part 
of  Arkansas,  has  an  area  of  about  1150  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  Little  Red  River  and  two  of  its  branches,  named 
the  Owl  Fork  and  the  South  Fork.  The  surface  is  hilly  or 
undulating,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak, 
pine,  hickory,  chestnut,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  partly 
fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. A  rocli  called  millstone  grit  underlies  part  of  the 
soil.  Capital,  Clinton.  Valuation  of  real  and  pei'sonal 
estate,  $718,663.  Pop.  in  1870,  5107,  of  whom  5104  were 
Americans;  in  1880,  9565. 

Van  Buren,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Iowa,  bor- 
dering on  Missouri,  has  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Des  Moines  River,  which  runa 
southeastward  and  divides  it  into  nearly  equal  parts.  It 
is  also  drained  by  Fox  River  and  Cedar  and  Chcquest 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  diversified  with 
prairies  and  forests  of  the  white  oak,  elm,  hickory,  ash, 
sugar-maple,  black  walnut,  wild  cherry,  and  other  treea. 
The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay, 
cattle,  and  pork  aro  the  staple  products.  This  county  has 
beds  of  bituminous  coal  and  plenty  of  timber ;  also  carbon- 
iferous limestone,  good  for  building.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Keokuk  ife  Des  Moines  Railroad  and  fhe  Burlington  <fc 
Southwestern  Railroad.  Capital,  Keosaiiqua.  Valuation 
of  real  and  personal  estate,  $8,705,415.  Pop.  in  1S70, 
17,672,  of  whom  16,746  were  Americans;  in  1880,  17,043. 

Van  Buren,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Michigan, 
has  an  area  of  about  630  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  Lake  Michigan,  and  is  drained  by  the  Paw  Paw 
River  and  the  South  Branch  of  Black  River.  The  surface 
is  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Forests  of  the  ash,  oak, 
sugar-maple,  beech,  elm,  and  other  trees  cover  a  large  part 
of  the  surface.  Wheat,  maize,  hay,  oats,  butter,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  two 
divisions  of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad  and  by  the  Chi- 
cago &  West  Michigan  Railroad.  Capital,  Paw  Paw.  Valu- 
ation of  real  and  personal  estate,  $12,860,480.  Pop.  in  1870, 
28,829,  of  whom  26,242  were  Americans ;  in  1880,  30,807. 

Van  Buren,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Ten- 
nessee, has  an  area  of  211  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  the  Caney  Fork  of  the  Cumberland  River,  and 
also  drained  by  Rock  River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and 
mostly  covered  with  forests  of  chestnut,  hickory,  oak,  yel- 
low poplar,  wild  cherry,  <fcc.  Indian  corn,  grass,  fruit, 
honey,  ginseng,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital, 
Spencer.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $203,771. 
Pop.  in  1870,  2725;  in  1880,  2933. 

Van  Buren,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Crawford  co.. 
Ark.,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Arkansas  River,  and  on  the 
Little  Rock  k  Fort  Smith  Railroad,  about  9  miles  N.E.  of 
Fort  Smith.  It  has  6  churches  (2  colored),  a  high  school,  a 
newspaper  office,  2  steam  flouring-mills,  a  planing-mill,  a 
broom-factory,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  in  1880,  1029. 

Van  Buren,  a  post-oflice  of  De  Kalb  co.,  111.,  about  27 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Aurora.     Here  is  a  church. 

Van  Buren,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Ind.    P.  204S. 


\AT^ 


"2708 


TAN 


•^•Vuii  ItiirtMi,  a  township  of  Clay  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  5161. 
'    Vnii  Itiiren,  a  township  of  Davic«8  co.,  Ind.     P.  1172. 

Vnii  llnren,atown8hip  of  Fountain  CO.,  Ind.     P.  2123. 

Van  Biiren,  a  pust-hamlet  in  Van  Buren  township. 
Grant  co.,  Ind.,  about  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  Buw-mill.  Pop.  of  the 
township  in  18SU,  1651. 

Van  Buren,  township,  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1467. 

Van  Ilurcn,  township,  La  Orange  co.,  Ind.     P.  1347. 

Van  Itiiren,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Ind.     P.  874. 

Van  Hiiren,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Ind.     P.  972. 

Van  Ilurcn,  a  township  of  Pulaslci  co.,  Ind.     P.  972. 

Van  Ilurcn,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.     P.  1194. 

Van  Ilurcn,  a  post-village  in  Van  Buren  township, 
Jackson  co.,  Iowa,  about  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Clinton,  and  2 
miles  N.  of  the  Sabula,  Ackley  &  Dakota  Railroad.  The 
township  contains  a  village  named  Preston,  is  drained  by 
the  Maquoketa  River,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1325. 

Van  Buren,  township,  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1036. 

Van  Buren,  a  township  of  Leo  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  902. 

Van  Buren,  a  township  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa.  Pop. 
1431,  exclusive  of  Keosauqua. 

Van  Buren,  a  post-village  of  Aroostook  co.,  Me.,  in 
Van  Buren  township,  on  the  St.  John  River,  12  miles  from 
the  Grand  Falls,  and  76  miles  N.N.W.  of  Houlton.  It  has 
a  church,  2  saw-mills,  <tc.     Pop.  of  the  township,  922. 

Van  Buren,  a  township  of  Wayne  co„  Mich.  P.  1879. 

Van  Buren,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Carter  co.,  Mo., 
on  the  Current  River,  about  50  miles  S.S.W.  of  Ironton. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Van  Buren,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Mo.     P.  2036. 

Van  Buren,  a  township  of  Newton  co..  Mo.     P.  1288. 

Van  Buren,  a  post-hamlot  in  Van  Buren  township, 
Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  2  miles  from  Stiles  Station.  It  has  a 
church.  The  township  is  bounded  N.  by  Seneca  River, 
contains  part  of  Baldwinsville,  and  has  a  pop.  of  3183. 

Van  Buren,  a  township  of  Darke  co.,  0.     Pop.  1212. 

Van  Buren,  a  post-village  in  Allen  township,  Han- 
cock CO.,  0.,  on  the  Portage  River,  about  8  miles  N.  of 
Findlay.  It  has  4  churches,  a  brick-yard,  and  a  tile-fac- 
tory.    Pop.  157. 

Van  Buren,  township,  Montgomery  co.,  0.     P.  2600. 

Van  Buren,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  0.    Pop.  2444. 

Van  Buren,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  0.     Pop.  1381. 

Van  Buren,  a  post-haralot  of  Washington  co..  Pa., 
about  36  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Van  Buren  Furnace,  a  post-village  of  Shenandoah 
CO.,  V.T..,  8  miles  N.  of  Woodstock.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
furnace  for  pig-iron. 

Van  Bu'rensburg,  a  hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  HI., 
about  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Vandalia.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  plough -factory.     Here  is  Hurricane  Post-Officc. 

Van  Bus'kii;k,  a  post-village  of  Hudson  co.,  N.J.,  on 
Kill  van  Kull,  in  Bayonne  City,  1  mile  from  Centreville 
Station.  It  has  a  church,  chemical  works,  zinc-works,  and 
manufactures  of  sulphur,  paints,  oil,  &c. 

Van  Camp,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co..  Pa.,  about 
22  miles  N.E.  of  Danville.     It  hiis  a  church. 

Van  Camp,  a  post-office  of  Wetzel  co.,  W.  Va. 

Vance,  a  post-village  of  Tuscaloosa  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Alabama  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  20  miles  E.  of  Tuscaloosa. 
It  contains  Lee  Institute. 

Vance,  a  township  of  Vermilion  co..  III.     Pop.  1542. 

Vance,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  N.C. 

Vanceborough,  vanss'biir-ruh,  a  post-village  and 
port  of  entry  of  Washington  co..  Me.,  in  Vanceborough 
township,  on  the  St.  Croi.v  River,  at  the  southeastern  end 
of  Schoodic  or  Grand  Lake,  about  30  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Calais.  It  is  on  the  European  &  North  American  Rail- 
road. It  has  a  hotel,  a  custom-house,  and  manufactures 
of  sole-leather  and  lumber.     Pop.  of  the  township,  329. 

Vanceburg,  vanss'burg,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Lewis  CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  30  miles  above 
Maysville,  and  20  miles  below  Portsmouth,  0.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office,  3  churches,  several  cooper-shops,  and  a 
manufactory  of  hubs  and  spokes.     Pop.  in  1880,  1095. 

Vanceburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dunn  co..  Wis.,  on  Hay 
River,  25  miles  N.  of  Menomonee.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Vancefort,  or  Vanceport,  Pa.    See  Middletowjj. 

Vance's  Ferry,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orangeburg  co., 
S.C.,  on  the  Santee  River,  about  56  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Charleston. 

Vance's  Station,  Tuscaloosa  co.,  Ala.    See  Vance. 

Vance's  Tank,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &,  Georgia  Railroad,  at 
Vance's  Station,  6  miles  S.  of  Bristol. 

Vanceville,  vanss'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berrien  co., 


Ga.,  on  the  Brunswick  &  Albany  Railroad,  3  milci  frd 
Brookficld.     Turpentine  and  rosin  are  iiindo  here. 

Vanceville,  a  post-office  of  Buncombe  co    V  f 
miles  W.  of  Old  Fort  Station.  "'         '  | 

Vanceville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  c«  P, 
about  24  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  a  church  and 
Steam  saw-mill. 

Van'cil'8  Point,  a  post-office  of  Macoupin  eo  II 
about  28  miles  S.W.  of  Springndd.  "' 

Vanclevesvillc,  van  kloevi'vll,  a  poat-hamlet  c 
Berkeley  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad 
miles  S.E.  of  Martinsburg.     It  has  a  store. 

Vancouver, or  Quadra  and  Vancouver, knA^ri 
and  van-koo'v^r,  an  island  otr  the  W.  coast  of  Cunndn,  |ir(j> 
ince  of  British  Columbia.     Lat.  48°  19'  to  50°  53'  ^  .  v,, 
123°  17'  to  128°  28'  W.     Length,  from  N.W.  to  S.K.',  :•: 
miles;  breadth  varying  from  50  to  65  miles.    Total  ur"j 
15,937  square  miles  (about  half  the  size  of  Irclitml).    01 
the  E.  and  N.E.  it  is  separated  from  the  mainland  of  Ilritif 
Columbia  by  the  Gulf  of  Georgia  and  Queen  Chiirljiii  j 
Sound,  and  on  the  S.  from  that  of  the  United  Siiitt,.  I,. 
the  Strait  of  Juan  de  Fuca ;   on  the  N.  and  W.  it  li,' 
open  to  the  Pacific.     This  island  was  discovered  by  .1     1 
de  Fuca,  a  Greek,  in   1592.     Captain  Cook  coaftnl  a    1 
the  western  shore  in  1778,  and  supposed  it  to  form  piiii  ut, 
the  mainland.     The  first  British  settlement  wim  uiiide  n 
Nootka  Sound  in  1778   by  some  London  merchant*.    Ii 
1792  the  island  was  visited  by  Vancouver,  a  litutciinnt  ir 
the  British  navy,  who  surveyed  the  coast.     Up  to  the  dis- 
cussion of  the  Oregon  boundary  question  it  attracted  littU 
attention,  when,  by  the  treaty  of  1840,  it  was  vested  iol 
Great  Britain.     In  1849  it  was  granted  to  the  Hudson'j 
Bay  Company  for  the  purposes  of  colonization,  but  thiir 
control  ceased  in  1859,  when  it  became  a  British  colony.  In 
1866  the  island  and  the  mainland  were  united,  under  tl,  ■ 
name  of  British  Columbia,  and  so  continued  until  the  2l't:. 
of  July,  1871,  at  which  date  that  colony  became  one  of  iKe 
provinces  of  the  Dominion  of  Canada.     Vancouver  Ii-liinJ 
is  noted  for  its  rich  coal-mines,  its  magnificent  harbor?,  iti 
valuable  freestone-quarries,  its  delightful  cliumte,  and  iu 
forests  of  line  timber.     Victoria,  at  the  S.E.  extremity  of 
the  island,  is  the  capital  of  British  Columbia. 

Vancouver,  van-koo'v?r,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Clarke  co.,  Washington,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Columbia 
River,  about  5  miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  Willamt'ttc. 
It  is  7  miles  by  land  and  18  miles  by  water  N.  of  Porllaua, 
Oregon.  Largo  ships  can  ascend  the  river  to  this  place.  1; 
has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  the  Holy  Angels  Colligt 
(Catholic),  and  a  barrel-factory.     Pop.  in  1S80,  1722. 

Vandalia,  van-da'lc-a,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Fay- 
ette CO.,  HI.,  in  Vandalia  township,  on  the  Kiisksiskia,  30 
miles  N.  of  Contralia,  62  miles  S.  by  AV.  of  Decatur,  and 
68  miles  E.N.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  It  is  on  the  Illinijia 
Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia 
<t  Terre  Haute  Railroad.  It  was  formerly  the  capital  of 
the  state.  The  seat  of  government  was  removed  in  1830. 
It  contains  a  court-house,  6  churches,  2  national  banks,  2 
newspaper  offices,  a  graded  school,  a  flouring-mill,  a  wool- 
len-mill,  a  manufactory  of  farming-implements,  and  a  furni- 
ture-factory.    Pop.  in  1880,  2056;  of  the  township,  2713. 

Vandalia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Owen  co.,  lad.,  6  milci 
N.W.  of  Spencer,  and  about  35  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Terre 
Haute.     It  has  a  church. 

Vandalia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jasper  co.,  Iowa,  about  17 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Des  Moines.     It  has  a  church  and  a  store. 

Vandalia,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  Mich.,  in  Pcnn 
township,  on  the  Air-Line  division  of  the  Michigan  Cen- 
tral Railroad,  5  miles  E.  of  Cassopolis.  It  has  a  bank,  2 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  foundry,  a  money-order  post- 
office,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  handle-factory.     Pop.  about  500. 

Vandalia,  a  post-village  in  Cuivre  township,  Audrain 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Alton  Railroad,  24  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Mexico.  It  has  a  graded  school,  a  newspaper  office,  1  or  2 
churches,  and  a  money-order  post-office.     Pop.  in  1880,  501. 

Vandalia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Erie  Railroad,  about  36  miles  E.  of  Jamestowu.  It  bus 
several  saw-mills. 

Vandalia,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  0.,  in 
Butler  township,  about  10  miles  N.  of  Dayton,  and  2 
miles  W.  of  Tadmor  Station  of  the  Dayton  <fc  Michigan 
Railroad.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  manu- 
factures of  carriages,  hubs,  and  spokes.     Pop.  313. 

Vandalusia,  Spain.    See  Andalusia. 

Van'decar',  a  post-village  in  Oxford  co.,  Ontario,  10 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Woodstock.     Pop.  100. 

Vandellos,  vin-dfiryoce,  a  town  of  Spain,  Catalonia, 
province  and  about  24  miles  from  Tarragona.    Pop.  1482. 


VAN 


2709 


VAN 


^andemere,  van'de-mecr,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
I^nlico  CO.,  N.C.,  on  Pamlico  Sound,  25  miles  E.N.E.  of 
I'T-Berne.   It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill.   Steamboats 
Tiing  between  Xew-Berne  and  Norfolk  touch  here. 
'andcrbilt,  Iowa.    See  Fairfax. 
''an'derbilt,  or   Er'vin,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
liooi  CO.,  Tenn.,  1.3  miles  S.  of  Jonet-borough.     It  is  near 
t   Nolachucky  River,  and  has  a  grist-mill  iind  a  saw-mill. 
I'^anderbilt  Liaiiding,  a  station  of  the  Staten  Island 
I'ilroad,  on  the  coast  of  Staten  Island,  at  Edgewater,  10 
nies  S.  by  W.  of  Now  York. 

i'^au'dcrburs,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Indiana, 
bjdering  on  Kentucky,  has  an  area  of  about  250  square 
iikis.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Ohio  Iliver,  and  is 
dined  by  Pigeon  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating,  ex- 
cjt  the  level  tract  which  is  adjacent  to  the  Ohio  Kiver. 
lb  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  pork 
tvj  the  staple  products.  Among  its  mineral  resources  is 
buminous  coal.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Evans- 
vie  «fc  Terre  Haute  Railroad  and  the  St.  Louis  <fe  South- 
eltern  Railroad.  Capital,  Evansville.  Valuation  of  real 
4  personal  estate,  $30,000,000.  Pop.  in  1870,  33,145,  of 
Jpm  23,822  were  Americans;  in  1880,  42,193. 

|''anderburg,  a  post-hamlct  of  Webster  co.,  Ky.,  about 
Siiles  S.E.  of  Dixon.     It  has  a  church. 

^an'derpool,  a  post-office  of  Highland  co.,  Va.,  30 
lies  N.  of  ilillborough  Depot. 

^an  Deusenville,  van  du'z^n-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Ifkshire  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Housatonic  River,  and  on  the 
lusatonic  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  State  Lino 
Unch,  23  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Pittsfield.  It  has  a  church 
al  a  manufactory  of  iron. 

vandeusciivillc,  a  hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y., 
™iles  S.  of  Fort  Plain. 

i^an  Diemcn's  (van  dee'm§nz)  Gulf,  Northwest  Aus- 
tria, is  between  Coburg  Peninsula  and  Cape  Hotham,  and 
lllville  Island.  It  is  about  100  miles  in  length  from  E.  to 
^,  and  50  miles  in  breadth. 

I^an  Dicmen's  Land,  the  former  name  of  Tasmania. 

^andola,  or  La  Vandola,  Id  vdn-do'li,  the  most  E. 

5 the  Admiralty  Islands,  lat.  2°  U'  S.,  Ion.  148°  10'  16" 
under  3  miles  in  circuit,  and  densely  peopled. 

I^an  Dorii,  a  post-office  of  Marengo  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
i  ibama  Central  Railroad,  49  miles  W.  of  Selma. 

ITan-Dyke,  van-dlk'  (Jost),  an  island  of  the  British 
■'ist  Indies,  Virgin  Islands,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Tortola,  of 
i.ich  it  is  a  dependency,  is  3  miles  in  length  by  li  miles 
i breadth. 

Fan-Dyke  (Little),  an  island  of  the  British  West 
]  lies.  Virgin  Islands,  near  Tortola,  of  which  it  is  a  de- 
] adency. 

ITandyke,  van-dlk',  a  post-office  of  Now  Castle  co., 
;i.,  on  the  Townsend  Branch  Railroad,  4  miles  S.W.  of 
'  wnsend. 

I^andyke,  a  station  in  Juniata  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Penn- 
I  vania  Railroad,  41  miles  N.AV.  of  Ilarrisburg. 

l''an  Dyne,  van-din',  a  post-hamlet  of  Fond  du  Lao 
i,  AVis.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  8  miles 
'.  of  Fond  du  Lac.     Pop.  about  150, 

l^an  Et'ten,  a  township  of  Chemung  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
'.  miles  E.N.E.  of  Elmira.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Utica, 
!iaca  &  Elmira  Railroad.     Pop.  1735. 

Faneswara,  a  town  of  India,    See  Bhobaxesek. 

Van  Et'tenville,  a  post-village  in  Van  Etten  town- 
I  ip,  Chemung  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Cayuta  Creek,  and  on  the 
'  neva,  Ithaca  &,  Sayre  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
'  ica,  Ithaca  &  Elmira  Railroad,  14  miles  by  air-line  or  25 
;  les  by  railway  E.N.E.  of  Elmira,  and  20   miles  S,  of 

laca.   It  has  2  churches  and  a  lumber-mill.   Hero  is  Van 

ten  Station.      Pop.  in  1880,  553. 

Van'hill,  a  post-office  of  Hawkins  oo.,  Tenn,,  13  miles 

of  Rogersville. 

Van  Iliseville,  hiz'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ocean  co., 

J.,  in  Jackson  township,  8  miles  W,  of  Bricksburg,     It 

8  2  churches. 

Van  Horn,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  oo,,  Mo.,  10  miles  N. 

Carrollton. 

Van  Hornesvillc,  hornz'vll,  a  post-village  of  Her- 
mncr  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Stark  township,  about  12  miles  S.  of 
Ittle  Falls.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a  cotton-mill,  2 
ttels,  Ac.     Pop.  169, 

Vanikoro,  v&ne-ko'ro,  Vanicolo,  vi-ne-ko'lo, 
[annicolo,  m&n-ne-ko'lo,  or  Pitt's  Island,  an  island 

the  Pacific,  in  the  Santa  Cruz  group.  Lat.  11°  36'  30"  S,; 
n.  166°  53'  24"  E.     It  is  30  miles  in  circuit,  lofty,  and' 

vcred  with  trees  to  the  water's  edge.     Pop,  about  10,000. 

Van^kleek'  Hill,  a  post-village  in  Prescott  co.,  On- 


tario, 29  miles  N,N,W.  of  RiviSre  Raisin,  and  18  miles  \V.  of 
Pointe  Fortune.  It  contains  5  churches,  a  grammar-school, 
12  stores,  manufactories  of  pot-  and  pearl-ashes,  iron  cast- 
ings, cloth,  Ac,  and  steam  flour-  and  saw-mills.     Pop.  700. 

Vanlue,  van-loo',  a  post-village  in  Amanda  township, 
Hancock  co.,  0.,  on  the  Findlay  Branch  Railroiul,  9J  miles 
S.E.  of  Findlay,  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  and  nianul'ae- 
turcs  of  flour,  lumber,  sash,  and  doors.     Pop.  about  400. 

Van  Me'ter,  a  post-villago  in  Van  Meter  township 
Dallas  CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  R.accoon  River,  and  on  the  Chi- 
cago, Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  19  miles  W.  by  S.  of 
Dcs  Moines,  and  7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Adel.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  graded  school,  and  a  flour-mill.  Coal  is  found  here. 
Pop,  about  400;  of  the  township,  1656. 

Van'nat'ta's,  or  Vnn^at'ta,  a  station  of  the  Balti- 
more &  Ohio  Railroad  (Lake  Erie  division),  6  miles  N,  of 
Newark,  0. 

Van'neck',  a  post-village  in  Middlesex  co,,  Ontario,  8i 
miles  S,  of  Ailsa  Craig.     Pop.  100. 

Vannes,  vinn  (formerly  Vennes,  vJnn;  anc.  Dari- 
or'iyum,  afterwards  Ven'eti),  a  seaj)ort  town  of  Franco, 
capital  of  the  department  of  Morbihan,  near  the  Lagoon  of 
Morbihan,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Brittany,  01  miles  N.W.  of 
Nantes.  Lat,  47°  39' 26"  N. ;  Ion.  2°  45' W.  Pop.  15,716. 
It  has  a  massive  cathedral,  an  ancient  castle,  now  th« 
prefecture,  a  theatre,  several  other  public  edifices,  for-r 
merly  monastic  institutions,  3  hos])itals  and  other  chari- 
ties, a  school  of  navigation,  a  communal  college,  a  public 
library,  manufactures  of  linens,  cottons,  lace,  and  leather, 
some  ship-building,  and  a  brisk  coasting-trade,  though  its 
port  is  adapted  only  for  vessels  of  small  burden.  In  the 
vicinity  are  traces  of  the  ancient  Darioriyum. 

Van'noy's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co,.  Mo.,  about 
22  miles  S.W.  of  Louisiana. 

Vannoy's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Barbour  co,,  W,  Va.   ; 

Vann's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Yalabusha  co.,  Miss.     ■ 

Van  O'rin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lamoille  township,  Bureau 
CO.,  111.,  at  Williams  Station,  13  miles  W.  of  Mendota.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Vanosc,  vi'nosk',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ard^che,  16 
miles  N.W.  of  Tournon, 

Van  Port,  a  village  of  Beaver  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Ohio 
River  and  the  Cleveland  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  3  miles 
S.W.  of  Rochester,  It  has  2  churches,  and  a  pottery  for 
stone- ware. 

Vans,  Les,  li  vJn",  a  town  of  France,  in  Ardcchc,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Largentiere.     Pop.  2513, 

Vanscoy'oc,  a  station  in  Blair  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Tyrone 
<fc  Clearfield  Railroad,  6J  miles  N.  of  Tyrone. 

Vansickle's,  van-sik'elz,  post-office.  Hunt  co.,  Tex, 

Vansit'tart  IJay,  Northwest  Australia,  is  E,  of  Ad- 
miralty Gulf.     Lat.  14°  S.;  Ion.  126°  20'  E, 

Vansittart  Hills,  East  Australia,  are  N.  of  Liver- 
pool Plains,  near  lat.  31°  15'  S,,  Ion.  149°  50'  E. 

Vansittart  Island,  British  North  America,  is  be- 
tween Southampton  Island  and  Melville  Peninsula.  Lat. 
65°  40'  N, ;  Ion..  84°  W. 

Van's  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Floyd  co.,  Ga.,  on  ihe 
Selma,  Rome  &  Dalton  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Rome, 

Van's  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  0.,  24 
miles  N.N,E,  of  Columbus.     It  has  2  churches. 

Vans'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Sempro- 
nius  township,  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Auburn.  It  has  r 
church.     Here  is  Sempronius  Post-Office, 

Vansyckle's,  van-sik'elz,  a  station  of  the  Cincinnati  A 
Martinsville  Railroad,  6  miles  S.S.E,  of  Martinsville,  Ind. 

Vanua-Valavo,  vi-noo'i-vjl-li'vo,  Vanua-Levii, 
vi-noo'i-l4'voo, or  Sir  Charles  Middletou's  Island, 
an  island  in  the  Pacific,  belonging  to  the  Feejee  group. 
Lat.  (N.W.  point)  17°  10'  S.;  Ion.  179°  2'  50"  W.  It  has 
on  its  W.  side  a  spacious  harbor,  with  a  village  at  its  head, 
and  a  large  stream  of  water.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Vanves,  v6nv,  or  Vanvres,  v6.Nv'r,  a  village  of 
France,  in  Seine,  1  mile  S.  of  Paris,  with  a  detached  fort 
for  the  defence  of  Paris,  and  a  lunatic  asylum.     Poj).  8S12. 

Van'ville,  or  Bloom'er,  a  post-village  in  Bloomer 
township,  Chippewa  co..  Wis.,  on  Duncan  Creek,  14  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Chippewa  Falls.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  lum- 
ber-mill.    Here  is  Bloomer  Post-Office, 

VanVlack',  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co,,  Ontario,  on 
Lake  Huron,  13  miles  N.E,  of  Stayner.     Pop,  175. 

Van  M'ag'ner,  a  post-office  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y,,  on 
the  Poughkeepsie  A  Eastern  Railroad,  4  miles  N,E,  of 
Poughkeepsie, 

Van  Wert,  a  western  county  of  Ohio,  bordering  on  In- 
diana. Area,  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  Little  Auglaize  Biver  and  several  creeks.     The  St. 


VAN 


2710 


VAR 


Mary's  River  rung  throagh  the  S.W.  part  of  the  county. 
The  surfiwe  is  level,  and  nearly  half  of  it  is  covered  with 
dense  foroots  of  the  white  luh,  beech,  elm,  hickory,  white 
oak,  sugar- maple,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Pittsburg,  Fort 
Wayne  A  Chicago  Railroad.  The  Miami  Canal  touches 
its  eiutorn  border.  Capital,  Van  Wert,  Valuation  of  real 
and  personal  estate,  $7,513,837.  Pop.  in  1870,  15,823,  of 
whom  U,507  were  Americans;  in  1880,  23,028. 

Van  Wert,  a  jwst-town,  capital  of  Van  Wert  co.,  0., 
in  Pleasant  township,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  <t  Chi- 
cago Railroati,  27  miles  W.N.W.  of  Lima,  and  32  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  on  a  sandy 
ridge  which  is  raised  about  20  foot  above  the  adjacent 
plain.  It  contains  about  8  churches,  a  union  school,  a 
national  bank,  2  other  banks,  3  newspaper  offices,  and  a 
new  court-house  which  cost  $120,000.  It  has  2  planing- 
mills,  and  manufactures  of  wool,  staves,  wagons,  <tc.  Pop. 
in  1870,  2625;  in  1880,4079. 

Van  Wert,  a  post-hamlet  of  Juniata  co..  Pa.,  about  20 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Lewistown.     It  has  a  church. 

Van  Winkle,  wink'^l,  a  post-village  in  the  district  of 
Cariboo,  British  Columbia,  12  miles  from  Barkervillo,  and 
440  miles  from  New  Westminster.  Rich  gold-mines  are 
worked  here. 

Van  Winkle's,  wink'^lz,  a  station  in  Passaic  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  New  Jersey  Midland  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  of  Paterson. 

Van  Winkle's  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Benton  co.,  Ark.,  on 
White  River,  60  miles  from  Verona,  Mo.  It  has  a  flour- 
mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  sash-factory. 

Vanzaghello,  viln-zil-ghfil'lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  about  22  miles  N.W.  of  Milan.     Pop.  1131. 

Vanzago,  vfln-zil'go,  or  Venzago,  v{n-z4'go,  a  vil- 
lage of  Italy,  province  and  10  miles  N.W.  of  Milan,  on  the 
Olona.     Pop.  of  commune,  1303. 

Van  Zandt,  zant,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Texas, 
has  an  area  of  about  908  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  by  the  Sabine  River,  and  is  drained  by  the  Nechcs 
River,  which  rises  in  it.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  a 
large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Cotton,  cattle,  maize,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
Capital,  Canton.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate, 
$544,435.  Pop.  in  1870,  6494;  in  1880,  12,619.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Texas  <t  Pacific  Railroad. 

Van  Zant's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Fannin  co.,  Ga. 

Vapincuin,  the  ancient  name  of  Gap. 

Vaprio,  vl'pre-o,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  13 
miles  N.N. W.  of  Novara.     It  has  paper-mills.     Pop.  1051. 

Vaprio,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  18  miles  E.  of 
Milan.     Pop.  2246. 

Var,  var  (It.  Vara,  vl'ro  ;  ane.  Va'rns),  a  frontier  river 
of  France  and  Italy,  rises  in  the  Alps,  flows  S.,  then  E.  and 
S.,  and,  after  a  course  of  00  miles,  enters  the  Mediterranean 
at  Saint-Laurent,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Antibes.  For  the  last  15 
miles  it  forms  the  boundary  between  the  French  depart- 
ments of  Var  and  Alpes-Maritiuies.  ' 

Var,  the  most  S.E,  department  of  France,  bordering 
on  the  Mediterranean.  Area,  2773  square  miles.  Pop.  in 
1881,288,577.  The  surface  is  mountainous.  Chief  rivers, 
the  Var,  Argens,  and  Verdon.  Olive  oil,  oranges,  lemons, 
dried  fruits,  cork,  and  silk  are  among  its  principal  exports. 
The  grain  raised  is  greatly  below  the  quantity  required  for 
home  consumption.  The  principal  manufactures  are  of 
perfumery,  soap,  paper,  leiither,  coarse  woollens,  earthen- 
ware, and  marble  goods.  Var  is  divided  into  the  three 
arrondisseraents  of  Draguignan,  Toulon,  and  Brignoles. 
Capital,  Draguignan. 

Varades,  vlvW,  a  town  of  France,  in  Loirc-Inf6ri- 
eure,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Loire,  and  on  the  railway  to 
Tours,  27  miles  E.N.E.  of  Nantes.     Pop.  771. 

V^aradin,  a  town  of  Slavonia.     See  Peteiiwardein. 

Varaggio,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Vahazze. 

Varahnnagar,  India.    See  Barxagoke. 

Varnita,  a  river  of  Italy.     See  Vraita. 

Varallo,  vi-ril'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  30 
miles  N.W.  of  Novara,  on  the  Sesia.  Pop,  2268.  It  has 
manufactures  of  iron-  and  copper-wares,  and  adjoining  it 
is  a  remarkable  hill,  the  Sacro  Monte,  on  which  are  a  hand- 
some church  and  about  50  oratories. 

Varanashi,  an  ancient  name  of  Benarrs. 

Varanger-Fiord,  vi*ring'gh§r-fe-oRd',  a  deep  inlet 
of  the  Arctic  Ocean,  between  Russian  Lapland  and  Norway 
(Finmark).  Lat.  70°  N. ;  Ion.  28°  40'  to  31°  E.  It  re- 
ceives the  surplus  waters  of  Lake  Enara. 

Varano,  vi-ri'no  (anc.  La'cus  Uria'nnnf),  a  lagoon  of| 
Italy,  on  the  Adriatic  shore,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  Peninsula 


rcc, 


of  Gargano.     Length,  5  miles;  breadth,  4  milM.    On 
E.  side  is  the  village  of  Varuno. 

Varano  de  Melcgari,  vl-r&'no  di  mHi-iri' 
village  of  Italy,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Paruia. 

Varnpudio,  vl-ri-po'de-o,  a  town  of  Italy,  nrovitx 
of  Reggio  (li  Calabria,  lu  miles  S.E.  of  (Jioja.     Pup  •>,•, 

Varaque,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  BuiikiIa.        * 

Varasdin,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Waiusdix. 

Varazze,  v4-r4t'8i,  or  Varaggio,  vl-rdd'jo/ft  tow 
of  Italy,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Genoa,  with  a  harbor  on  tb 
Gulf  of  tJenoa,  and  some  ship-building.     Pop.  4394. 

Varberg,  vau'bfino,  a  seaport  town  of  Swwlcn,  lin  .ini 
37  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ilalmstad,  on  the  Cattcgut.    P.  26CL 

Varco,  var'ko.  a  post-office  of  Mower  co.,  Minn.  * 

Vardaman,  the  ancient  name  of  Blrdwa.s. 

Vardar,  varMar'  (anc.  Ax'iui),  a  river  of  EuropcAi 
Turkey,  in  Macedonia,  after  a  S.  course  of  170  miles, ciii.r 
the  Gulf  of  Salonica  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Snlonica. ' 

Varde,  or  Wardc,  vau'd^h,  a  town  of  Denmark,  it 
Jutland,  23  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ribe,  on  the  Vard«.  Poi 
2103.     It  has  manufactures  of  tobacco. 

Vard5e,  or  Ward6c,  vait'dii'^h,  an  island  of  Norway 
in  the  Arctic  Ocean,  off  Finmark,  with  Vaiii)(Eih;is,  \\.[> 
most  N.  fort  in  Europe,  lat.  70°  20'  36"  N.,  Ion.  31°  iV  ); 

Varedo,  vil-rA'do,  or  Varfe,  vl-ri',  a  village  of  luiij', 
about  8  miles  N.  of  Milan,  on  the  Seveso.    Pop.  1879. 

Varel,  fi'r^l,  a  town  of  Oldenburg,  near  the  mouth  of 
the  Jahde  in  the  German  Ocean,  35  miles  N.W.  of  Bremen. 
Pop.  4377.  It  has  a  harbor  defended  by  the  fort  Cbri«. 
tiansburg,  a  cnstle,  and  a  fishery. 

Varela,  v4-ri'l4,  an  islet  in  the  Strait  of  Malacca,  M 
miles  E.  of  Delli,  Sumatra. 

Varcnna,  vi-rSn'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Como,  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Lago  di  Como.     Pop.  1062. 

Varennes,  va-rcnnz',  a  township  of  Anderson  co.,  S  C 
Pop.  in  1880,  2216. 

Varennes,  vi'rSnn',  a  post-village  in  Verchires  co., 
Quebec,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  18  mile?  koVnr 
Montreal.  Its  beautiful  situation  and  mineral  ^  :i;  .i 
make  it  a  summer  resort.  It  contains  a  church,  com  im, 
college,  flour-  and  saw-mills,  and  6  or  7  stores.    Pop.  501. 

Varennes-en-Argonne,  vi'r5nn'-z6n-an'gonn',  »* 
village  of  France,  department  of  Meuse,  on  the  Aire,  \i 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Verdun.     Pop.  1515. 

Varennes- Saint-Sauveur,  vi'rJnn'-8iN»-B5'vLii', 
a  town  of  France,  in  SaOne-et-Loire,  on  the  Sevron,  ur- 
rondisscment  of  Louhans.     Pop.  278. 

Varennes-sous-Dun,  vAV6nn'-8oo-duN»,  a  villiij,'* 
of  France,  in  SaOne-et-Loire,  near  CharoUes.     Pop.  lO'jli. 

Varennes- sous-Montsoreau,  vi'r4nn'-8oo-m6.\"'- 
soVO',  a  town  of  France,  in  Maine-et-Loire,  on  the  Tours 
<fc  Nantes  Railway,  arrondissement  of  Saumur.    Pop.  220'J. 

Varennes-sur-Allier,  vfl,'r6nn'-sUii-irie-i',  a  town 
of  France,  in  Allier,  18  miles  S.  of  Moulina.     Pop.  11 82. 

Varese,  vi-ri'si,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  in  Loiu- 
bardy,  13  miles  W.  of  Como,  E.  of  the  Lake  of  Varc«e. 
Pop.  5207.     It  has  thriving  gilk-m.anufacturc8. 

Varese,  a  market-town  of  Italy,  province  of  Genoa,  14 
miles  N.E.  of  Chiavari,  near  the  Apennines.  Pop.  25j2; 
of  commune,  7546.     See  also  Lake  op  Varese. 

Vargas,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Bahgas. 

Vargula,  vau'goo-li,  Gnoss,  groce,  and  Ki.Eiy,  klinc, 
two  nearly  contiguous  villages  of  Prussian  Sa.xony,  circle 
of  Langensiilza.     Pop.  1311. 

Varhely,  vaR^hSr  (Wallack,  Gradistje,  gri-dist'yi),  a 
village  of  Transylvania,  co.  of  llunyad,  17  miles  S.W.  of 
Vajda-IIunyad,  on  the  site  of  the  ancient  capitjvl  of  Datia, 
afterwards  occupied  by  the  Romans  and  named  Ulpia  Tra- 
Jitu't,  of  which  some  vestiges  exist.    See  Udvauhklv. 

Varia,  a  town  of  European  Turkey.    See  Veuu. 

Va'rick,  a  post-township  of  Seneca  co.,  N.Y.,  boumled 
on  the  E.  by  Cayuga  Lake,  and  on  the  AV.  by  Seneca  Laki. 
and  intersected  by  the  Geneva,  Ithaca  &  Sayre  Kailroa'i. 
Pop.  1731.  It  contains  a  hamlet  named  East  Varick.  Va- 
rick  Post-Office  is  about  50  miles  S.E.  of  Rochester. 

Vari'ety,  a  station  in  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Chesa- 
peake <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  15i  miles  W.  of  Staunton. 

Variety  Grove,  a  post-oflice  of  Harnett  co.,  N.C- 

Variety  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Nelson  co.,  Va.,  ♦ 
miles  E.  of  Arrington,  and  29  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lynchburg. 
It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  distillery. 

Variety  Springs,  a  watering-place  of  Augusta  co., 
Va.,  15  miles  W.  of  Staunton,  and  1  mile  from  Elizabeth 
Station  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Railroad. 

Varilles,  or  Varilhes,  vi'reel',  a  town  of  France,  ii 
Ari6ge,  5  miles  N.  of  Foix,  on  the  Ariege.     Pop,  2006. 

Vari'na,  apost-oflBce  of  Henrico  co,,  Va. 


VAR 


2711 


"VAT 


annas,  a  town  of  Venezuela.    See  Barinas. 
ariou-B6,  Miidaguscar.    Sco  Nossi-Bk. 
arkhan,   van^KAn',  a  largo  village  of  Turkish  Ar- 
niiia,  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  15itlis. 

arna,  or  VVariia,  vaii'ni  (ano.  Odes'aua  f),  a  fortified 
scport  town  of  Bulgaria,  on  the  S.W.  shore  of  the  Black 
si  at  the  mouth  of  the  Pravadi,  47  miles  E.  of  Shoorala. 
14  of  the  tower,  iS"  12'  N. ;  Ion.  27°  50'  E.  It  occupies 
iibntle  height  on  the  N.W.  side  of  a  sciuicireular  bay 
fijied  by  two  rocky  promontories,  and  is  surrounded  by  a 
gc^o  wall  10  feet  high,  which  is  loop-holed,  and  defended 
bieveral  batteries  and  other  outworks.  It  is  wretchedly 
bijt,  and  the  whole  plivco  has  an  appearance  of  decay  ;  the 
oil'  public  buildings  of  any  note  are  a  few  mosques  with 
ti|  minarets.  There  is  no  proper  harbor,  but  the  bay, 
tljigh  open  to  the  E.  and  S.B.,  affords  good  anchorage,  it 
bi^g  sheltered  on  the  N.  and  N.E.,  from  which  blow  tlio 
iii|t  dangerous  winds  of  the  Black  Sea.  Immediately  W. 
otthe  town  is  Lake  Denna.  formed  by  the  Praviidi  and 
ol^r  streams  from  the  neighboring  hills.  It  has  been  pro- 
jiijjd  to  make  a  navigable  cut  connecting  this  lake  with 
tt  bay.  Were  this  efi'ectcd,  Varna  would  have  one  of  the 
hi  harbors  in  the  Black  Sea.  Even  at  present  it  has  a 
ccHderable  trade.  In  1873  its  exports,  chiefly  of  grain, 
p'jltry,  and  eggs,  amounted  to  about  $2,700,000.  The 
ilhgarian  army  of  Ladislaus  and  John  lluniades  was 
tcilly  defeated  at  Varna  by  the  Turks  under  Amurath  II., 
ISfcmber  10,  1444.  The  town  was  taken  by  the  Russians 
iijS28.  A  railway  connects  it  with  Shoomla  and  Roost- 
cllf)k.     It  is  a  Greek  bishop's  see.     Pop.  (1881)  24,555. 

i'ar'na,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co..  111.,  in  Roberts 
tcpship,  at  the  junction  of  two  branches  of  the  Chicago  & 
Aipn  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of  Lacon,  and  19  miles  N.  by 
E^f  Metamora.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  graded  school, 
a.  a  pump-factory.     Pop.  in  1880,  286. 

'arna,  a  post-office  of  Saline  co.,  Neb.,  12  miles  S.  of 
Fend. 

f  arna,  a  post-village  in  Dryden  township,  Tompkins 
c?  N.Y.,  on  Fall  Creek,  and  on  the  Utica,  Ithaca  &  El- 
uja  Railroad,  3  miles  E.  of  Ithaca.  It  has  a  church  and 
g<jeral  mills. 

^ar'na,  a  post-village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  near  Bay- 
Qi  River,  12i  miles  \V.  of  Soaforth.     Pop.  200. 

'^arnaviii,  or  Warnabin,  vau-ni-veen',  a  town  of 
Fssia,  government  and  105  miles  E.S.E.  of  Kostroma. 

^ar'nell's  Station,  a  post-hiimlet  of  Whitfield  co., 
G,  on  the  railroad  between  Dal'ton  and  Cleveland,  6  miles 
J  of  Dalton.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  about  200. 

j^ar'iier,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co..  Ark.,  on  the 
Itle  Rock,  Pine  Bluff  &  New  Orleans  Railroad,  20  miles 
II. E.  of  Pine  Bluff.  It  has  a  church  and  2  stores,  Cot- 
t  is  shipped  here. 

/ar'ney,  or  Enniskil'len,  a  post-village  in  Grey 
c;  Ontario,  13  miles  N.  of  Mount  Forest.     Pop.  100, 

j/arn's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Barnwell  co.,  S.C. 

/arn'ville,or  Varnesville,  varnz'vil,  a  post-village 
O.Hampton  co.,  S.C,  on  the  Port  Royal  Railroad,  at 
Ajrnesville  Station,  42  miles  N.N.W.  of  Port  Royal,  It 
lit  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  pine  lumber  and  naval 
sps. 

jiTaro,  a  river  of  France.    See  Vab. 
raroqua,  Vernon  co..  Wis.    See  Viroqua, 
l^ars,  vau,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Charente, 
Sliilea  N.  of  Angouleme,  on  the  Charente.     Pop.  1903. 
i^arsand,  vou'shOnd'  0-Fazekas,   o-fd'zVk5sh',  and 
1|-Fazkka8,  oo'e-fi^zi^kSsh',  two  contiguous  villages  of, 
Itngary,  co.  of  Arad,  3  miles  from  Simand.     Pop.  3S00. 
I'arsovie,  or  Varsovia.    See  Warsaw, 
^arta,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Warta. 
p ariis,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Var. 
pa'rysburg,  a  post-village  of  Wyoming  co.,   N.Y., 
1  Sheldon  township,  on  Tonawanda  Creek,  8  miles  S.  of 
4ica,  and  about  9  miles  W.  of  AVarsaw.     It  contains  2 
chrches,  and  has  manufactures  of  cheese  and  carriages. 
IVarzi,  vand'zee,  or  Varsi,  van'see,  a  village  of  Italy, 
jj>vinee  of  Pavia,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Po,  10  miles  N.W. 
tiBobbio.     Pop.  2378. 

jVarzo,  vard'zo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Nov«ra. 
ip.  2143. 

warzy,  vaR'zee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nifivre,  27  miles 
m.K.  of  Nevers.     Pop.  1932. 

jVasa,  or  Wasa,  vi's4,  a  government  of  Finland, 
llindod  W.  by  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia.  Area,  16,078  square 
lies.   Capital,  Nikolaistad,    Pop,  314,994,   See  also  Niko- 

1 I9TAD, 

Vasa,  va'sa,  a  post-hamlet  of  Goodhue  oo.,  Minn.,  in 
«a  township)  about  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  St,  Paul,  and  13 


miles  W.S.W.  of  Red  Wing,  The  township  has  3  churohoB, 
and  a  pop.  of  1240, 

Vasa-Barrls,  vi'si-baR-rees',  or  Irapirang,  ee-rft- 
pe-rJng',  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  the  province  of  Bnhia, 
flows  E.,  and  unites  with  the  Sergipe.  I'ho  united  stream 
runs  8  miles  farther,  and  enters  the  Atlnnlic. 

Vasarhely,  or  Ilold-IUezo  Vdsarhcly,  hold-mi'- 
zo'  vi'shAnMiflr,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Csongrad,  on 
Lake  Ilodos,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Szegedin.  Pop,  49,153,  em- 
ployed in  raising  wine  and  tobacco.  It  has  several  .well- 
frequented  fairs. 

Vasarhely,  or  Somlyo  VAsarhcly,  shom'Io'  v4'- 
shlR'h6i\  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  25  miles  W.  of  Vesz- 
prim,  on  the  Torna,  and  at  the  foot  of  the  Somlyo  Moun- 
tvin.     Pop.  1800,  who  raise  wine  and  tobacco, 

V6sArhely,   Transylvania.      See   Kezdi-Vas-vrhelt, 

and  MAltOS-VASAKHELY. 

Vasattc,  an  ancient  name  of  Bazas. 
Vascoii^adas,  Spain.    See  Basque  Provinces. 
Vasconia,  the  Latin  name  of  Gasconv. 
Vashka,  Vachka,  Vaschka,  or  Bashka,  v&sh'k&, 

written  also  Vajca  or  Vajka,  vizh'ki,  a  river  of  Russia, 
rises  in  the  government  of  Vologda,  hit.  62°  20'  N.,  flows 
N.N.AV.,  and  joins  the  Mezen.     Length,  200  miles. 

Vash'tel,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co.,  Tex. 

Vash'ti,  a  post-office  of  Clarke  co.,  Ala, 

Vasilee,  Greece.     See  Eurotas. 

Yasilishki,  or  Vasilichki,  v4-se-lish'kee,  a  town  of 
Russia,  in  Grodno,  20  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Lida.     Pop.  1497. 

Yasilkov,  or  Wasilkow,  v4-sil-kov',  a  town  of  Rus- 
sia, government  and  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Kiev,  Pop.  16,597, 
among  whom  are  many  Jews. 

Vasio,  the  ancient  name  of  VAiso>f. 

Yasioogau,  or  Yasiougan,  vi*so-oo-gin',  written 
also  Wasiugan  and  Wassioiigan,  a  river  of  Asiatic 
Russia,  rises  in  the  E.  of  the  government  of  Tobolsk,  flows 
E.N.E.,  and  joins  the  Obi  on  the  left,  about  30  miles  below 
Naryin.     Length,  170  miles. 

Yaskut,  vdsh'koot^,  a  village  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Bdcs, 
4  miles  from  Baja.     Pop.  4831, 

Yas'quez  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  in  lat.  39°  50' 
N.,  Ion.  105°  56'  13"  W.     Height,  12,700  feet. 

Vassal  borough,  vas'sal-bur-riih,  a  post-village  in 
Vassalborough  township,  Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  on  the  E.  bank 
of  the  Kennebec  River,  about  12  miles  above  Augusta,  and 
on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad.  It  contains  the  Oak  Urove 
Setoinary,  2  churches,  and  several  factories.  The  township 
contains  North  Vassalborough,  and  has  manufactures  of 
lumber,  woollen  goods,  &c.     Pop.  of  the  townshi]>,  2919. 

Yas'sar,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich., 
in  Vassar  township,  on  Cass  River  and  the  Detroit  &  Bay 
City  Railroad,  23  miles  S.E.  of  Bay  City,  and  27  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Lapeer.  It  has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  3  churches, 
a  union  school,  a  foundry,  and  manufactures  of  lumber, 
baskets,  and  woollens,     P.  in  1880,  670  ;  of  township,  1579, 

Yassouras,  vis-sS'ris,  a  village  of  Brazil,  province  of 
Rio  de  Janeiro,     Pop,  of  the  district,  4000, 

Yassy,  vis^seo',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute-Marne,  on 
the  Blaise,  28  miles  N.N.W.  of  Chaumont.  Pop.  2799.  It 
is  celebrated  for  the  massacre  of  its  Protestant  inhabitants 
by  order  of  Guise  in  1562. 

Yassy,  a  town  of  France,  in  Calvados,  10  miles  E.  of 
Vire,     Pop,  722, 

Yastan,  visHin',  a  village  of  Turkish  Armenia,  at  the 
S,  extremity  of  Lake  Van,  on  which  it  has  a  small  port. 

Yasto,  or  II  Yasto,  eel  vis'to  (anc.  hto'nium  ?),  a 
town  of  Italy,  province  and  31  miles  S.E,  of  Chicti,  and  I J 
miles  from  the  Adriatic.  Pop.  10,093.  It  is  enclosed  by 
walls,  and  has  a  spacious  market-square,  2  churches  (one 
erected  on  the  ruins  of  a  temple  of  Cores),  8  convents,  hos- 
pitals, asylums,  a  handsome  palace,  and  manufactures  of 
woollen  cloth,  silks,  and  coarse  earthenware,  with  an  active 
fishery  and  a  large  annual  fair. 

Yasto-Gerardo,  vis'to-ji-raR'do,  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Campobasso,  14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Isernia,  on  the 
Trigno.     Pop.  2390, 

Vasvar,  or  Yas-Yarmcgye.    See  EisENnnno. 

Yatan,  v4*t6No',  a  town  of  France,  in  Indro,  12  miles 
N,W,  of  Issoudun.     Pop.  2045. 

Yate,  New  Hebrides.    See  Epate. 

Yatcrsa,  v4t'?r-sa,  or  Watersa,  wi't?r-sa,  an  island 
of  the  Outer  Hebrides,  Scotland,  co.  of  Inverness,  S.  of 
Barra,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  a  narrow  sound. 

Yathi,  or  Bathi.  va'thee,  the  capital  town  of  the 
Ionian  island  of  Ithaca,  on  the  S.  side  of  its  gulf  or  harbor. 

Yathi,  a  town  on  tlie  N.E.  shore  of  the  island  of  Samos, 
of  which  it  is  ^he  capital.     Pop.  4091, 


TAT 


m9 


ATEC 


Vatrcnus,  the  ancient  name  of  Santrhno. 

Vutu-Lcle«  v&'too-ld'l4,  one  of  the  Jb'ocjoe  Inlands,  S. 
•f  Viti-Levu.    Lat.  (N.  point)  18°  31'  S.;  Ion.  177°  3»'  W. 

VatZy  OuBii,  o'b^r  v&ts,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
of  Grisons,  in  the  valley  of  the  Hhino,  11  uiiles  S.  of  Chur. 
Top.  813. 

Vatz,  Unter,  ddn't^r  v&ts,  a  village  of  Snitterland,  5 
miles  N.  of  Chur.     Pop.  1101. 

Vauclin,  a  town  of  Martinique.    See  Lb  Vauoliit. 

VauclUSC,  Vo*krd»'  (L.  Vul'lU  Clau'aa;  It.  Val  Chi- 
vta,  v&l  ko-oo'8&),  a  department  in  the  S.E.  of  France, 
having  S.  and  W.  the  Durance  and  Rhone  Hivers.  Area, 
I32S  .square  inilea.  Top.  in  1881,  244,149.  Surface  hilly 
in  the  K.,  where  it  is  traversed  by  ranges  of  the  Alps,  high- 
est point,  Mont  Ventoux ;  and  the  soil  is  not  generally 
fertile.  Principal  products,  wine,  siltc,  almonds  and  other 
fruits,  madder,  saffron,  and  aromatic  seeds.  Chief  manufac- 
tures are  of  silk  atutfs,  at  Avignon  and  Orange,  woollen 
fabrics,  perfumery,  confectionery,  printing-types,  and  glass- 
wares.    Capital,  Avignon. 

Vancluse*  vo^klooz',  a  post-village  of  Aiken  oo.,  S.C., 
3  miles  by  railroad  N.  of  Granitevillo. 

Vuucluse,  a  station  in  Frederick  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Balti- 
more it  Ohio  Railroad,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Winchester. 

Valid  use,  Fontaine  de,  f6N"^t4n'  dQh  vo'klUz',  a 
village  and  remarkable  fountain  of  France,  department  of 
Vaucluse,  15  miles  E.  of  Avignon.  Its  scenery  is  pic- 
turesque, but  it  derives  its  chief  celebrity  from  having  been 
the  residence  of  Petrarch.  The  fountain  is  the  source  of 
the  little  river  Sorgues,  issuing  from  an  immense  cavern 
pvorhung  and  surrounded  by  rocks  and  mountains. 

Vaucuuleurs,  vo'^kooMuii',  a  town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Mouse,  11  miles  S.S.E.  of  Commerey.  It  has  forges, 
tanneries,  and  cotton-mills.     Pop,  2475. 

Vaud,  vo,  or  Pays-de-Vaud,  pd'e-d^h-vo'  (Qer. 
Waadt,  <^4t)>  a  canton  of  West  Switzerland,  having  S.  the 
Lake  of  Geneva,  W.  France,  and  on  the  other  sides  Savoy 
and  the  cantons  of  Valais,  Rem,  Freyburg,  Neufchatel, 
and  Geneva.  Area,  1244  square  miles.  Pop.  242,439, 
nearly  all  Protestants.  The  surface  in  the  S.E.  is  covered 
by  ramparts  of  the  Alps,  and  in  the  N.W.  by  those  of  the 
Jura;  elsewhere  undulating.  Principal  rivers,  the  Upper 
Rhone,  Orbe,  and  Broye ;  it  comprises  Lake  Joux  and 
part  of  Lakes  Neufchatel  and  Morat.  The  raising  of 
corn  and  wine,  and  the  rearing  of  live-stock,  are  the  chief 
branches  of  industry  ;  and  the  best  vineyards  of  Switzer- 
land are  in  this  canton.  Salt  from  the  springs  of  Bex, 
marble,  coal,  sulphur,  and  a  few  metals  are  produced. 
Manufactures  unimportant ;  transit  trade  into  France  and 
Germany  active.  The  French  language  is  spoken.  Chief 
towns,  Lausanne  (the  capital),  Vevay,  Morgos,  Nyon,  and 
Avenches.  Vaud  holds  the  19th  place  in  the  Swiss  Con- 
federation. Previous  to  1798  it  was  subordinate  to  Bern, 
nnder  the  name  of  the  Pays-de-Vaud. 

Vaiidreuil,  vo-drool'  (Fr.  pron.  vo^druT'),  a  county  in 
the  S.W.  part  of  Quebec,  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  St. 
Lawrence  River,  and  on  the  N.  by  the  Lake  of  Two  Moun- 
tains. It  is  traversed  by  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway.  Area, 
182  square  miles.     Pop.  11,003. 

Vaudrcuil,  a  post-village  of  Quebec,  capital  of  the 
above  county,  on  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  and  on  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railway,  24i  miles  AV.  of  Montreal,  It  contains  a 
church,  convent,  saw-mill,  4  hotels,  and  6  stores.     P.  1000, 

Vaughan,  vawn,  a  post-village  of  Yazoo  co.,  Miss.,  on 
the  Big  Black  River  and  the  Mississippi  Central  Railroad, 
14  miles  N.  of  Canton. 

Vaughan,  a  post-office  of  Gosper  co.,  Neb. 

Vaughan's,  vawnz,  or  Waterville,  a  village  in 
Hants  CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  15  miles  from  Windsor.     Pop.  150. 

Vaughan's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Trinity  co.,  Tex., 
12  miles  S.E.  of  Trinity  Station.     It  hiws  a  church. 

Vaughan's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Christian  co.,  Ky. 

Vaughanville,  vawn'vil,  post-office,  Geneva  co.,  Ala. 

Vaughn,  vawn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bosque  co,,  Tex,,  25 
miles  VV.  of  Waco.     It  hits  a  church. 

Vaughn's,  a  station  of  the  Savannah,  Griffin  &  North 
Alabama  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of  Griffin,  Ga. 

Vaughn's,  a  station  in  Jackson  co.,  0.,  on  the  Marietta 
k  Cincinnati  Railroad,  7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Jackson. 

Vaughn's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Estill  co.,  Kj'. 
■    Vaughnsville,  vawnz'vil,  a  mining-village   of    Ke- 
weenaw CO.,  Mich.,  in  Houghton  township,  about  15  miles 
from  Calumet  Station.     Copper  is  mined  hero, 

Vaughnsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co,,  0.,  about 
11  miles  N.  of  Lima. 

Vaughnsville,  a  post-office  of  Newberry  oo.,  S.C. 

Yaugirard,  vo'zhee^rau',  a  commune  of  France,  in 


Seine,  forming  a  suburb  of  Paris  on  the  S.W    «!»)>•» 
fortifications.  '  " 

Vaulion,  Dbnt  db,  d6N»  d^h  v5Me-6N»',  a  mountnin 
Switzerland,  Jura  chain,  in  Vaud,  4898  feet  above  the  w 

Vauiiks,  Central  America.    See  Capk  Kivkb. 

Vausiin,  India.    See  Bassim, 

Vuuvert,  voVaiR',  a  town  of  France,  in  Gard  11  mi 
S.W.  of  Nimes.  Pop,  3935.  It  has  manufacture!!  of  brnii 
and  hats. 

Vaux,  v5,  a  village  of  France,  in  Rhflno.    Pop  370 

Vaux^hall',  a  suburb  of  the  British  metroiioli« ' 
Surrey,  W.  of  Kensington,  2i  miles  S.S.W.  of  St.  I'aiil 
London,  comprised  in  the  borough  of  Lambeth,  an<l 
nected  with  Westminster  by  a  bridge  across  the  11 
950  feet  in  length.  Here  are  Vauxhall  Garden*,  niiuic;.,  I 
distilleries,  factories,  and  gas-works,  chiefly  along  llm  ,  iv.l 

Vauxhall,  a  suburb  and  gardens  of  Biruiiugham  Lnt 
land,  at  its  N.E.  extremity.  ' 

Vaux  -  sous- Che vremont,  vS-soo-sb&vVmix*', 
village  of  Belgium,  province  and  4  miles  S.E,  of  Liege'  a 
the  Vesdre,     Pop,  2630.  ' 

Vavao,  vd-vi'o,  or  Vavau,  v4-vow',  an  island  in  lb 
Pacific  Ocean,  Friendly  Islands.  Lat.  18°  39'  2"  S.;  Ii,i 
174°  1'  W.  Length,  10  miles.  It  is  of  coral  rock|  we 
wooded,  fertile,  and  has  a  good  harbor. 

Vavitao,  vi-vc-t8,'o,  an  island  of  the  Toobooai  groiii 
Pacific  Ocean,  lat.  23°  42'  S,,  Ion.  147°  50'  W.,  discovert 
in  1791.     Surface  elevated. 

Vavrzenczyci,  Russia.    See  Wawrzencztck.  \ 

Vazabarris,  vi-zi-ban-Reece',  a  river  of  Braril,  enter 
the  Atlantic  near  lat.  1 1°  S.     Length,  about  300  miles,    i 

Vazee^rabad',  Vazirabad,  vi-zce'rabid',  or  Wn- 
zee^rabad',  a  town  of  the  Punjab,  near  the  Chenaub,  6- 
miles  N.W.  of  Lahore. 

Veale,  vecl,  a  township  of  Daviess  co., Ind,    Pop.swl 

Veal's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Parker  co,,  Tex.,  2 
miles  W,N,AV.  of  Fort  Worth.  It  has  a  church  and  a  higl 
school. 

Veazie,  vee'z§,  a  post-village  in  Veazie  township,  I'e 
nobscot  CO.,  Me.,  on  the  W,  bank  of  the  Penobscot  Itiver 
5  miles  above  Bangor,  and  on  the  European  k  North  Aiiier 
ican  Railroad,  It  has  3  churches  and  several  saw-iuills 
Pop,  of  the  township,  810, 

Vecchiano,  v5k-ke-i'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  ot 
Pisa,  about  12  miles  N,  of  Pisa.     Pop,  6480. 

Vcchingen,  vfiK'ing-§n,  a  village  and  parish  of  Swit- 
zerland, canton  of  Bern,  on  the  Worblen.     Pop.  2568. 

Vecht,  v^Kt,  or  VVecht,  ^-^Kt,  an  arm  of  the  IUiine,| 
in  the  Netherlands,  branches  from  the  Old  Rhine  at  Utrecht, 
and,  after  a  northward  navigable  course  of  18  miles,  ciitert' 
the  Zuyder  Zee  at  Muiden. 

Vechta,  v^K'tS,,  a  town  of  Germany,  duchy  and  2^ 
miles  S.  of  Oldenburg,  Pop,  2072.  It  has  manufacture; 
of  linens. 

Vechte,  vdK't?,  or  Wechta,  *SK't4,  a  river  of  Pru.«- 
sian  Westphalia,  Hanover,  and  the  Netherlands,  enters  the 
Zuyder  Zee  at  Genemuiden,  after  a  N.W.  course  of  90  miles. 

Vcckenstildt,  ffik'kgn-stStt',  a  village  of  Prussia, 
province  of  Saxony,  government  of  Magdeburg,  S.S.E.  uf 
Osterwick,  on  the  Ilse.     Pop.  1260. 

Vectis,  or  Vecta,  the  ancient  name  of  Isle  of  Wight. 

Vedano,  vi-d&'no,  a  vill.age  of  Italy,  about  12  niilci 
N,  of  Milan,     Pop,  1323. 

Vede,  a  river  of  Turkey,    Sec  VonE, 

Vedelago,  vi-dfiri-go,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Treviso,  about  14  miles  W.  of  Treviso.     Pop.  6053, 

Vedeny,  a  town  of  Hungary,    See  Wkiden, 

Vedinum,  the  ancient  name  of  Udine, 

Vedrin,  vd'dra.v',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and 
N.  of  Naraur,  on  a  stream  of  its  own  name.     Pop,  16i0. 

Vee'dersburg,  a  post-village  of  Fountain  co.,  Ind.,on 
the  Indiana  North  k  South  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with 
the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  &  Western  Kailro.od,  16 
miles  S,  of  Attica,  and  20  miles  E,  of  Danville,  III,  It  has 
a  newspaper  office,  a  church,  a  graded  school,  a  flounng- 
piill,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  (1880)  ^'^h. 

Veendam,  vin'dim,  a  village  of  the  Nethcrl.-mds,  U 
miles  S,E,  of  Groningen,     Pop.  of  commune,  9858,  ^ 

Veenendaai,  vd'n§n-da.l\  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, province  and  19  miles  E.S,E.  of  Utrecht,  on  the  Am- 
sterdam &  Arnhem  Railway,     Pop,  301S, 

Veer,  vaiR,  formerly  Kampveer,  kimp'vaiR,  a  town 
of  the  Netherlands,  province  of  Zoeland,  on  the  N.L.coait 
of  the  island  of  Walcheren,     Pop,  912, 

Veeran-Shehr,  or  Viran-Shehr,  vc-ran'shJhr,  » 
ruined  city  of  Asia  Minor,  58  miles  E.  of  Kaiaarecycb,  H 
has  some  remains,  and  excavations  in  the  adjacent  rocu. 


VEE 


arrs 


TEL 


^ee'rumgaum',  or  Viramgaon,  ve-rtira-gaw'^n,  a 
t»n  of  India,  district  and  40  miles  W.  of  Ahuiedabad. 
l\>.  19,661. 

yefsen,  vfifs^n,  a  river  rising  in  Sweden,  and  trav- 
eing  Norway,  enters  the  Atlantic.     Length,  90  miles. 

i^ega,  ve'ga,  a  station  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad, 
Ijniles  S.W.  of  Gilroy,  Cal.,  and  13  miles  N.  of  Castroville. 

^ega,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  cc,  Iowa,  about  10  miles 
\j  by  S.  of  Mount  Pleasant. 

/ega,  a  hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  0.,  11  miles  S.E.  of 
Jikson.     Pop.  65. 

^cga,  La,  14  vi'gl,  a  town  of  Hayti,  78  miles  N.W.  of 
SiDomingo,  in  an  elevated  region,  on  the  site  of  a  city  of 
tij  same  name,  ruined  by  an  earthquake  in  1564. 

[ega  de  San  Mateo,  Canaries.    See  San  Mateo. 

)^ega  de  Santa  Brigida,  vi'gi  di  s&n't&  bre- 
h!'d4,  a  village  of  the  Canaries,  on  Gran  Canaria,  in  the 
citre  of  the  island. 

^ega  de  Tetir,  Canaries.    See  Tetir. 

I'egen,  va'gh^n,  an  island  of  Norway,  province  of 
T  msije,  15  miles  off  the  coast,  lat.  65°  44'  N.,  about  30 
n'es  in  circumference. 

'egesack,  vi'gh§h-sik\  a  town  of  Germany,  territory 
a  10  miles  N.W.  of  Bremen,  on  the  Weser.  Pop.  3593. 
I|ias  ship-building  docks  and  an  active  trade. 

Teglia,  vil'yi  or  vfil'yi,  an  island  of  the  Adriatic,  com- 
pfed  in  the  Austrian  province  of  Kiistenland,  in  the  Gulf 
ol^uarnero,  E.  of  Istria,  separated  from  the  Hungarian 
Lcorale  and  Croatia  by  the  Channel  of  Morlacca,  and 
hling  S.W.  the  island  of  Cherso,  3  miles  distant.  Length, 
2.juiles ;  greatest  breadth,  12  miles.  Pop.  16,755.  Sur- 
fm  mountainous,  sterile  in  the  N.  and  E.,  fertile  elsewhere. 
Itlroduces  timber,  wine,  silk,  fruits,  marble,  salt,  and  much 
li  -stock.  Grain  is  imported  from  Croatia.  The  fisheries 
ai'important.  Veglia,  the  capital  town  of  the  island,  on 
itS.W.  side,  has  a  small  harbor.     Pop.  1559. 

f^eglie,  vAl'yi,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Lecce,  21 
m'js  S.S.E.  of  Brindisi.     Pop.  1965. 

feile,  or  Weile,  vi'l^h,  a  town  of  Dtnmark,  Jutland, 
otfhe  Veile,  at  the  head  of  the  Veileflord,  13  miles  N.W. 
ol^redericia.     Pop.  6092. 

leilefiord,  vi'l^h-fe-ond',  is  an  inlet  on  the  E.  coast 
ofi'utland,  15  miles  in  length,  and  4  miles  in  breadth  at  its 
er^ance. 

leitsburg,  veets'burg,  post-oflSce,  Neosho  co.,  Kansas. 
eitshochcim,  vit'sho-Kime',  a  village  of  Bavaria, 
inliower  Franconia,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Main,  4  miles 
Nf .  of  Wurzburg.     Pop.  1422. 

iejer  (or  Bejer,  bA-naiR')  de  la  Frontera,  vi- 
Hi'i'  dk  14  fron-ti'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  27 
HijiS  S.E.  of  Cadiz,  on  the  Barbate.  Pop.  7662.  It  has 
mUifactures  of  woollens  and  sacking. 

Jela,  a  seaport  town  of  Venezuela.    See  La  Vela. 

lelaine,  v^h-lin',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and 
1  lie  S.  of  Namur,  on  the  Sambre.     Pop.  1882. 

lelaines,  v§h-l4n',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of 
nbaut,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Tournai.     Pop.  2214. 

.elasco,  ve-lis'ko  (Sp.  pron.  vi-lis'ko),  a  post-hamlet 
ofSrazoria  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  at  the  mouth 
of  he  Brazos  River,  about  44  miles  S.W.  of  Galveston. 

elate,  v4-l4't4,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  16 
vak  N.E.  of  Milan.     Pop.  1254. 

'elaur,  ve-lawr',  a  river  of  India,  presidency  of  Mad- 
rarises  in  lat.  10°  28'  N.,  Ion.  78°  21'  E.,  flows  E.  through 
M'.ura  and  Tanjore,  and  falls  into  the  Bay  of  Bengal  in 
la'10°  6'  N.,  Ion.  79°  17'  E, 

jelaur,  a  river  of  India,  rises  in  the  East  Ghauts,  in 
Sch  Arcot,  flows  E.,  and  falls  into  the  Bay  of  Bengal 
mi  Porto  Novo,  in  lat.  11°  29'  N.,  Ion.  79°  50'  E. 

elay,  v?h-14',  an  old  province  of  France,  now  com- 
prpd  in  Ilaute-Loire.     Its  capital  was  Le  Puy. 

'elazgherd,  v4-14z-gherd',  a  town  of  Persia,  province 
of^erman,  65  miles  N.E.  of  Gombroon. 

icibert,  v51-bfiRt',  a  town  of  Prussia,  government  of 
Dseldorf,  about  8  miles  N.AV.  of  Barmen.  It  has  manu- 
•alires  of  hardware  and  woollen  cloth.     Pop.  7282. 

'ele,  a  river  of  France.     See  Vesle. 

(eleia,  Italy.    See  Velleia. 

jelestina,  vA-lfis-tee'ni,  a  town  of  Turkey,  in  Thessaly, 
ICMles  W.  cf  Volo. 

elez,  vi'lSs  or  vi'ldth,  a  town  of  the  United  States  of 
Ckmbia,  60  miles  N.  of  Tunja,  lat.  6°  10'  N.,  Ion.  73°  50' 
Won  the  Sarabita.     Pop.  8000. 

elez  Blanco,  v4'l$th  blln'ko,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
Injand  60  miles  N.N.E.  of  Almeria.     Pop.  3061.     It  has 
oi  hills,  tile-works,  manufactures  of  woollens,  linens,  hats, 
atisoap.  and  a  trade  in  exoellent  wool. 
171 


Velez  de  Benandalla,  vA'ldth  d4  bA-nSw-Dil'yi,  a 
town  of  Spain,  province  and  30  miles  S.E.  of  Granada. 
It  has  oil-mills.     Pop.  3243. 

Velez  de  Gomera,  vi'lSth  d4  go-mi'ri,  or  Badis* 
bi-deece'  (anc.  Parietinu  ?),  a  town  of  Morocco,  province 
of  Fez,  with  a  fort  on  the  Mcditcrrnnciin,  65  miles  S.E.  of 
Ceuta.  It  is  situated  between  two  high  mountains,  and 
contains  about  700  houses. 

Velez  Malaga,  vd'lfith  mi'lil-gi  (anc.  Menola),  a  town 
of  Spain,  province  and  14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Maliiga,  on  the 
river  Velez,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Mcditcrranciin.  Pop. 
12,523.  It  is  situated  in  a  fertile  valley,  at  the  foot  of  steep 
mountains,  and  its  spires  and  convents  are  clustered  around 
a  Moorish  castle,  now  in  ruins.  Its  trade  has  greatly  de- 
clined, and  its  roadstead,  defemled  by  a  castle,  is  indill'erent. 

Velez  Rubio,  v4'l6th  roo'be-o,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  54  miles  N.N.E.  of  Almeria.  Pop.  6148,  who 
manufiicture  woollen  fabrics.  It  is  clustered  around  a  cas- 
tle, and  near  it  are  chalybeate  springs. 

Veiha,  vfil'yi,  a  lofty  and  extensive  serra  in  Brazilian 
Guiana,  between  the  Pard  and  the  Amazon. 

Velhas,  Rio  das,  ree'o  dJs  vfil'yis,  or  Guaicuhiy 
gwi-koo-ee',  a  river  of  Brazil,  province  of  Minas-Geraes, 
rises  in  the  N.  slope  of  the  Serra  Paraupeba,  flows  E.,  and 
joins  the  Sao  Francisco  on  the  left. 

Velij,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Vei.izh. 

Velikaia,  vd,-Ie-ki'4,  a  river  of  Russia,  chiefly  in  the 
government  of  Pskov,  flows  N.  past  Opotchka,  Ostrov,  and 
Pskov,  and  enters  the  Lake  of  Pskov  at  its  S.E.  extremity, 
after  a  course  of  160  miles.     It  is  large  and  rapid. 

Velikee-Looki,  or  Veliki-Louki,  vA'leo^kee-loo'- 
keo  (the  "  large  meadow"),  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
and  132  miles  S.E.  of  Pskov,  on  the  Lovat.  Pop.  5714.  It 
has  many  factories,  chiefly  for  leather. 

Veliki  Novgorod,  Russia.    See  Novgorod. 

Veliki   Ustiug,  Russia.     See  Oostioog  Velikee. 

Velilla  de  Ebro,  v4-leery3,  di  4'bro,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  35  miles  S.E.  of  Saragossa.     Pop.  1316. 

Velille,  vi-leel'yi,,  a  town  of  Peru,  department  and  70 
miles  S.  of  Cuzco. 

Velino,  v4-lee'no  (anc.  Veli'iina),  a  river  of  Italy, 
rising  on  the  N.  declivity  of  Monte  A''elino,  flows  N.N.W, 
past  Rieti  to  join  the  river  Nora,  in  Umbria,  4  miles  E.  of 
Terni.  Length,  about  54  miles,  in  which  it  has  some  rapid 
descents.  The  falls  of  the  Velino,  called  the  Cascata  dkIi 
Marmore  (k4s-ki't3,  d^l  man'mo-ri),  near  its  junction 
with  the  Nera,  are  celebrated  as  among  the  finest  cascades 
in  the  world,  and  curious  as  being  artificial  for  drainage. 
They  consist  of  three  separate  leaps.     Height,  850  feet. 

Velino,  Monte,  mon't4  vA,-!ee'no,  a  mountain  of  Cen- 
tral Italy,  province  of  Aquila,  N.W.  of  Lake  Fucine,  is 
8174  feet  high,  and  one  of  the  principal  summits  of  tha 
Apennines. 

Velizh,  Velish,  or  Velij,  v4-lizh'  or  v4-leezh'  (Pol, 
Wieliz,  ^e-A.'lish),  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  47 
miles  N.E.  of  Vitebsk,  on  the  Diina.  Pop.  7858.  It  hag 
a  citadel,  and  considerable  exports  of  corn,  hemp,  and  lin  ■ 
seed  to  Riga. 

Vellano,  v51-14'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  the  Val  dl 
Nievole,  4  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pescia.     Pop.  2939. 

Vellannodnnum,  France.    See  Beaunr. 

Vellaur,  v51-lawr',  a  river  of  Britit^h  India,  presidency 
of  Madras,  enters  the  Indian  Ocean  30  miles  S.  of  Pondi- 
cherry,  .after  an  eastward  course  of  100  miles. 

Vellebitz,  or  Vellebith,  Austria.    See  Morlacca. 

Velleia,  v61-l4'y4,  or  Veleia,  vi-Ii'yil,  a  buried  city 
of  antiquity,  "the  Pompeii  of  Northern  Italy,"  province  of 
Parma,  on  the  Nura,  18  miles  S.  of  Piacenza.  It  is  sup- 
posed to  have  been  submerged  by  the  crumbling  of  an  ad- 
jacent mountain  about  the  end  of  the  third  century,  and 
it  remained  concealed  till  the  year  1760,  when,  and  subse- 
quently, an  amphitheatre,  temples,  a  foruin,  and  many 
dwellings  were  discovered. 

Velletri,  v5l-14'tree  (anc.  Velitrie),  a  town  of  Italy,  21 
miles  S.E.  of  Rome.  Pop.  13,584,  mostly  agricultural.  It 
stands  on  a  height,  commanding  fine  views  of  the  Campngna 
and  Pontine  Marshes,  and  has  a  town  hall,  constructed  by 
Bramante.  The  Borgian  Museum,  now  in  Naples,  was 
originally  formed  in  the  Borgian  Palace  here.  Velitraj 
was  an  important  city  of  the  Volsci,  and  the  original  resi- 
dence of  the  Octavian  family.  Augustus  is  believed  to 
have  been  born  here,  B.C.  63. 

Vellore,  vSPlor',  a  town  and  fort  of  British  India, 
presidency  of  Madras,  15  miles  W.  of  Arcot.  The  fort  is 
large,  and  contains  spacious  barracks,  handsome  quarters 
and  a  curious  pagoda.  The  toivn,  immediately  "irtutbward, 
and  connected  to  the  fort  bj  outworks,  is  als«  \ar{re  and 


VEL 


2714 


VEN 


popnIouB.    Vellore  rraa  the  rosidonoe  of  Tippoo  Saib'i  fam- 
ily from  179a  to  1808.     Pop.  «8,022. 

Vellore,  vol-lOr',  a,  posi-villago  in  York  oo.,  Ontario,  3i 
^ileii  from  lliohmond  Ilill.     Pop.  100. 

Veloiiia,  Jackson  co.,  InJ.     See  Vallo:(IA. 

Velp,  a  po8t-oliico  of  Brown  oo.,  Wis. 

Vel8ique»Rudder8hoven,vil'ge-k(h-rood'd9r8-ho^ 
v?n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Eaat  Flandors,  lOi  miles  S. 
of  Uhcnt.     Pop.  2393. 

Velsk,  vilsk,  or  Viatlsk,  vo-itlsk',  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  130  miles  N.E.  of  Vologda,  on  the  Vaga, 
here  joined  by  the  Vel.     Pup.  1362. 

Veltchisteru,  a  town  of  Sorvia.    See  Vdsitrix. 

Vclthein-Beyssem,  v4lt'h9m-bais's9ra,  a  village  of 
Belgium,  in  Brabant,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Brussels.    Pop.  1188. 

Veltspurg,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Feldsbero. 
.    Veluulii,  vi-loo'Koe  (ane.  Tymphrea'tut),  the  principal 
■ummit  of  Mount  (Eta,  North  Greece,  N.E.  of  the  village 
of  Kivrpcnisi,  and  7601  feet  in  elevation. 

Veluwc,  vi-Ioo'vA.,  a  district  of  the  Netherlands,  form- 
ing the  N.W.  partof  Gelderland,  and  comprised  between 
the  Zuyder  Zee,  the  Yssel,  and  the  Rhine. 

Velzen,  vdlt'sfin,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  province 
of  North  Holland,  on  the  Y,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Amsterdam. 
Poj).  of  commune,  2461. 

Vem'entry,  one  of  the  small  Shetland  Islands,  Scot- 
land, 5i  miles  E.  of  Papa-Stour,  on  the  S.  side  of  St.  Mag- 
nus Bay.  It  has  good  pasture-land. 
,  Veuachoir (or Venuachar), Loch, Iok vfin-nil-Kar', 
of  Scotland,  co.  of  Perth,  is  an  expansion  of  the  Teith,  2i 
miles  S.W.  of  Callander,  3i  miles  long. 

Venado,  vi-ni'no,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  and  46 
miles  N.  of  San  Luis  Potosi.     Pop.  8000. 

Venado  (vcn-i'do)  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  of 
the  Sangro  de  Cristo  Range,  in  the  S.  part  of  the  state.  It 
has  an  altitude  of  12,800  feet. 

Venafro,  vi-ni'fro  (anc.  Vena'fium),  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Caserta,  27  miles  N.W.  of  Capua.  It  has  a 
cathedral.     Pop.  4461. 

Venaissin,  v?h-nis's4No',  an  old  county  of  France,  on 
the  E.  bank  of  the  Rhone,  formerly  belonging  to  the  Pope, 
find  now  comprised  in  the  department  of  Vaucluse. 

Venango,  ve-nang'go,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of 
Pennsylvania,  has  an  area  of  about  620  square  miles.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Alleghany  River,  and  is  also  drained  by 
French  (or  Venango)  Creek  and  Oil  and  Sugar  Creeks.  The 
•urface  is  diversified  by  uplands,  hills,  and  narrow  valleys 
■worn  by  the  river  and  creeks.  Forests  of  the  hickory, 
beech,  elm,  oak,  pine,  sugar-maple.  Ac,  cover  a  Large  part 
of  its  area.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  adapted  to  pasturage. 
Hay,  butter,  oats,  Indian  corn,  and  cattle  are  the  staple 
products.  Petroleum  is  the  chief  article  of  export.  The 
value  of  the  petroleum  exported  from  this  county  in  1870 
was  $14,828,227,  more  than  was  produced  by  any  other 
county  of  the  United  States.  It  is  obtained  by  boring  deep 
wells  through  strata  of  sandstone  near  Oil  Creek.  Bitumin- 
ous coal  and  limestone  are  found  here.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  which  connects 
with  the  Franklin  Branch  of  the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western 
Railroad  at  Oil  City.  The  Franklin  division  of  the  Lake 
Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad  terminates  here. 
Capital,  Franklin.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate, 
$30,004,430.  Pop.  in  1870,  47,925,  of  whom  42,139  were 
Americans;  in  1880,  43,670. 

Venango,  a  post-office  of  Ellsworth  co.,  Kansas,  on  or 
near  the  Smoky  Hill  River,  about  25  miles  S.W.  of  Salina. 

Venango,  a  township  of  Butler  co..  Pa.     Pop.  902. 

Venango,  a  post-borough  in  Venango  township,  Craw- 
ford CO.,  Pa.,  on  French  Creek,  and  on  the  Atlantic  A  Great 
AVestern  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Meadville.  It  contains 
an  academy,  4  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  woollen- 
factory.     Pop.  318  ;  of  the  township,  623. 

Venango,  a  township  of  Erie  co..  Pa.     Pop,  1370. 

Venango  City,  a  borough  of  Venango  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
S.  bank  of  the  Alleghany  River,  opposite  Oil  City.  Pop. 
1550.     The  name  of  its  post-office  is  South  Oil  City. 

Venango  Creek,  Pennsylvania.   See  Frbnch  Creek. 

Venaria  (or  Veneria,  v4-ni're-i)  Keale,  vi-ni're-4 
r4-&'l&,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  6  miles  N.W.  of 
Turin.     It  has  a  royal  palace  and  a  silk-factory.     P.  4304. 

Venasca,  vi-nis'ki,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Coni, 
8  miles  S.W.  of  Saluzzo,  on  the  Vraita.     Pop.  2691. 

Vcnasque,  v4-n&s'k^,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
54  miles  N.E.  of  Huesca,  near  the  French  frontier.  It  has 
a  fort,  a  custom-house,  and  medicinal  springs. 

Vencatigherry,  vJn-ki-te-ghfir'ree,  a  town  of  India, 
in  Madras,  district  and  43  miles  S.W.  of  Nellore.    P.  7524. 


Vence,  v&nsb  (ano.  Vin'eitmt),  a  town  of  Prance 
Alpos-Maritimes,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Grasso.     Pop.  24ui  ' 
is  noted  for  figs,  and  has  manufactures  of  leuiiier  iian 
perfumery,  oil,  and  soap.  '  '   "^ 

Vence,  a  river  of  1<  ranee.    See  Ardennkr. 

Vcnda  Grande,  vdn'dl  grin'dA,  a  vilingo  on  t 
coast  of  Brazil,  province  and  8  miles  from  Rio  de  Jiineir 

Vend6e,  or  La  Vendue,  1&  v6N«Mi',  a  river  of  Kmn, 
giving  name  to  a  department,  the  S.E.  part  of  which  it  i™ 
erscs,  rises  in  the  Forest  of  Chantemurle,  department 
Deux-S&vres,  flows  S.W.  past  Fontenny-le-Comlc,  and  ioi 
the  SJvre-Niortaiso  3  miles  above  Marans,  alUr  a  eoui 
of  46  miles. 

Vend6e,  or  La  Vendue,  a  maritime  department 
the  W.  of  France,  having  N.  the  Atlimtio.  Area,  ij 
square  miles.  Pop.  in  1881,  421,842.  The  surface  ia  let 
in  the  N.  and  W.  portions,  and  marshy  towards  the  «« 
elsewhere  undulating  and  wooded.  More  grain  an<l  wl 
are  raised  than  are  required  for  home  consumptiun;  oth 
products  are  hemp,  flax,  wool,  futtod  cattle  fur  Uie  I'a: 
markets,  coal,  and  a  few  metals.  The  manufacture;)  t 
paper,  woven  fabrics,  leather,  and  beet  sugar,  but  are  uiiii 
portant.  The  department  is  divided  into  the  arrumliw 
ments  of  La  Roche-sur-Yon,   Fontcnay,  and  Lc»  Sab 

d'OIonno.     Capital,  La  Roche-aur-Yon. Adj.  and  inhi 

Vendean,  vin-dec'^n. 

Venden,  or  Wenden,  vJn'd^n  (Russ.  Keu,  kin), 
town  of  Russia,  in  Livonia,  on  the  Aa,  50  miles  N.E. 
Riga.  Pop.  3522.  It  was  founded  in  1205,  and  once  co 
tained  the  residence  of  the  Grand  Masters  of  the  Teutoi 
order,  now  a  ruin. 

Vendeuvre,  vduoMuvV,  a  town  of  France,  in  Aul 
13  miles  W.  of  Bar-sur-Aube.     Pop.  19G1. 

Vendome,  v6\<'M(jm',  a  town  of  France,  departme 
of  Loir-et-Chcr,  on  the  Loir,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Blois,  n 
110  miles  by  rail  S.S.W  .  of  Paris.  Pop.  7806.  It  hu 
ruined  but  once  strongly  fortified  castle  of  the  Duket  ' 
Vend6me,  a  lycie  or  college,  a  public  library,  a  hosipit 
cavalry  barracks,  theatre,  tanneries,  and  manufacture! 
leather  gloves,  cotton  fabrics,  hosiery,  and  paper.  It  n 
formerly  capital  of  a  district  called  the  \  KudGmoit,  n» 
comprised  in  the  departments  of  Loir-et-Cher  and  Snrtb 

Vendotena,  vin-do-t^'ni(anc.  Paii(/a(a'rio),  aniilw 
of  the  Mediterranean,  belonging  to  Italy,  23  miles  W.N.' 
of  Ischia.  It  is  8  miles  in  circumference,  fertile,  and  w 
cultivated,  and  has  a  small  town  and  fishing-port. 

Vendrell,  v5n-dr6l'  (anc.   PalfnriaMit),  a  town 
Spain,  province  and  17  miles  N.E.  of  Tarragon*.,  "car  t| 
Mediterranean,  on  which  it  has  a  small  port.    Pop.  4lU 

Venecia,  or  Venedig.    See  Venice. 

Venedocia,  ven-e-do'she-a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Van  W( 
CO.,  0.,  about  20  miles  W.  of  Lima.     It  has  a  churoh. 

Ven'edy,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  111.,  on  t| 
St.  Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  36  miles  E.8.E.  of  i{ 
Louis,  Mo.,  and  2  miles  S.E.  of  Kaskaskia  Kiver.  Pop.  4(- 

Veneria  lleale,  Italy.    See  Venaria  Reale. 

Veneris  Portus,  Italy.    See  Porto  Venebe. 

Veneti,  an  ancient  name  of  Vasnes.  ' 

Vene'tia,  a  comparti'mento  of  the  kingdom  of  Itaj 
embracing  8  provinces  in  the  extreijie  N.K.  Area,  90 
square  miles.  It  is  in  great  part  enclosed  by  Austria  :i 
the  Adriatic.     Capital,  Venice.     Pop.  2,042,807. 

Venev,  or  Wenew,  vk-niv',  a  town  of  Russia,  gt 
ernment  and  28  miles  E.N.E.  of  Toola,  on  the  Vtnevll 
Pop.  4459.  It  has  a  cathedral,  and  woollen  and  linen  niii| 
ufactures. 

Venezia,  a  city  of  Italy.    See  Venice. 

Venezuela,  vIn'Sz-wee'la  (Sp.  pron.  v4-nJlb-wi'll 
v5n-is-wi'li),  a  republic  occupying   the  N.E.  jwrtion 
South  America,  between  lat.  1°  8'  and  12°  16'  >.  imd  l( 
60°  15'  and  73°  17'  W.     It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  tj 
Caribbean  Sea  and  Atlantic  Ocean,  E.  by  British  tiuiaij 
S.  by   Brazil,  and  W.  by  the  United  States  of  Colouib 
The  E.  Cordillera  of  the  Andes  extends  through  its  N.  [ 
from  W.  to  E.,  terminating  in  the  peninsula  of  I'aria. 
rises  in  the  Sierra  Nevada  to  15,300  feet.    South  of  liiis 
a  wide  plain-country  traversed  by  the  Orinoco,  tbe  whi| 
course  of  which  river  is  in  this  region.    Other  pnnci| 
rivers  are  the  Gunviare,  Meta,  Apure,  Caura,  and  Caror 
tributary  to  the   Orinoco;  the  Cassiquiare,  connecting 
with  the  Amazon,  and  the  Tocuyo,  Zulia,  and  Cuyuni, 
the  N.  and  E.     The  lakes  Maracaybo  and  Valencia,  n 
the  islands  Margarita  and  Tortuga,  belong  to  this  repuW 
Venezuela   possesses  mines  of  gold,  silver,  and  coal 
latter  not  worked),  and  all  the  finest  tropical  product*  f.': 
luxuriantly.     'The  principal  sources  of  wealth  are  ca' 
cofifee,  sugar,  tobacco,   indigo,   cotton,  sarsaparilla,  dj 


YEN 


2715 


YEN 


Lo<ls,  timber,  and  especially  cattle  and  the  articles  of 
Lio  which  they  yield.  The  exports  amount  to  about 
16,000,000  per  annum,  the  imports  (manufactures  of  oot- 
|i8,  linens,  woollens,  hardwares,  earthenwares,  silk,  ap- 
Irol,  rice,  machinery,  beer,  ale,  palm  oil,  Ac.)  to  about 
1000,000,  besides  much  that  enters  the  country  as  contra- 
ind,  Venezuela  has  a  gold  and  silver  currency,  and  the 
Ineys  of  all  nations  are  in  circulation.  Its  revenue 
founts  to  about  $5,500,000  per  annum,  expenditure  to 
1200,000,  and  public  debt  about  $46,000,000.  The  govern- 
int  is  vested  in  a  senate  and  a  house  of  representatives 
icted  by  the  people,  the  executive  being  a  president  and 
to-president  chosen  by  these  bodies  from  their  own  num- 
ts.  Venezuela  had  been  in  almost  constant  disturbances 
j  warring  factions  from  1818  till  October,  ISC3,  when  Puerto 
Ibello,  the  last  refuge  of  the  insurgents,  surrendered  to  the 
krerninent.  On  December  10  of  the  same  year  a  provisional 
jjstitution  was  formed,  guaranteeing  to  the  people  entire 
honal  freedom,  the  freedom  of  the  press,  and  many  im- 
ttant  privileges.  Slavery,  capital  punishment,  and  ban- 
|ment  were  also  thereby  abolished.     Until  1881  Vene«u- 

was  divided  into  21  states  and  3  territories,  but  in  that 
Jir  a  re-division  was  made  into  8  large  states,  the  Federal 
^trict,  2  national  settlements,  and  8  territories.     According 

}(Gcial  estimate,  the  area  and  population  are  as  follows : 


States,  &c. 


iperal  District 

Unian  I3lauco „.. 

(PalH>l>o 

l^lludez 

iinora 

*« 

1)  Andes 

ll.con « » 

Illivar - 

Territoriei 

in 

;[o  Orinoco 

4nzona8 

II 

II  art 

lira* _ 

Eiiisticiut 

tat 

SetiUmenU 

man  Blanco 

I|ivar 

Total 


Area, 
«q.  m. 


45 

72,499 
2,984 
32,243 
25,212 
9,296 
14,719 
30,212 
88,701 

3,608 
119,780 
90,928 
1G6 
81,V2.1 
22,504 
7,046 
25,347 


214 

8 


Population, 
1884. 


70,198 
603,756 
103,401 

65,677 
240,635 
238,157 
301,420 
188,903 
267,251 

34,696 
18,478 
18,240 
137 
18.799 


1,595 
615 


032,695  2,121,988 


j  Population  Included  In  tliat  of  Bolivar. 
Populutiou  included  in  that  of  Bolivar,  Zamora,  and  Los  Ande§. 

he  chief  cities  of  the  republic  are  Cardcas  (the  cap- 
Valencia,  Maracaybo,  Barquesimeto,  Cumand,   and 
Ircelona. 

e'ni,  a  post-ofBce  of  Effingham  co.,  III. 
IVeiiicarlo,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Be.vicarlo. 
"enice,  yfin'iss  (It.   Venezia,  vd-nftd'ze-4 ;   Fr.  Veni'se, 

-neez' ;  Ger.  Veneilig,  vi-ni'dic  ;  Sp.  Venecia,  vi-nA'- 
ti-A;  anc.  Vene'ti'a),  a,  fortified  city  of  Italy,  capital  of 
tp  province  of  its  own  name,  situated  in  the  lagoons  of 
pice,  a  sort  of  vast  lake  separated  from  the  Adriatic  by  a 
1kg  belt  of  low  land  which  is  divided  into  islands  by  six 
(ftnnels  between  the  mouths  of  the  Pieve  and  Adige,  37 
I'les  E.  of  Padua,  on  the  Turin,  Milan  A  Venice  Railway. 
<!e  of  the  islands  thus  formed  by  the  channels  is  named 
t>  Lido ;  N.  of  it  is  the  Porto  di  Lido,  the  channel  through 
lich  tho  fleets  of  Venice  passed  in  former  times,  but 
ilich  is  now  the  entrance  for  small  craft  only.  Immedi- 
li^ly  W.  of  the  Lido  are  the  islands  on  which  Venice  is 
l|ilt,  and  immediately  S.  of  it  is  the  Porto  di  Malamocco, 
iW  the  deepest  entrance  to  the  lagoon,  and  the  sea-way 
i\  vessels  of  the  greatest  draught.  Lat.  of  observatory, 
^' 25' 49.5"  N.;  Ion.  12°  21' 8"  E.  Pop.  (1881)  129,445. 
ian  temperature,  January,  35.5°;  July,  75.1°  Fahr. 
"mice,  for  many  years  the  capital  of  a  celebrated  republic, 
t;  firi-t  maritime  and  commercial  power  of  the  world,  and 
<'B  of  the  finest  cities  in  Europe,  is  unique,  both  as  regards 
i|  position  and  construction,  its  antique  architectural  mon- 
ilients,  its  artistic  treasures,  its  historic  fame,  and  the  gay 
Ibperament  of  its  inhabitants.  The  islands  upon  which 
fe  city  is  built  are  80  in  number,  are  intersected  by  147 
(pais,  communiuato  with  one  another  by  hundreds  of 
^dges,  and  are  divided  into  two  great  groups  by  the  Grand 
%ial,  which  winds  in  serpentine  fashion  through  the  city, 
"{lis  renowned  sea-thoroughfure  is  about  2  miles  long  and 


from  160  to  230  feet  broad.  Two  islands,  separated  from 
Venice  proper  by  the  wide  channel  of  the  Giudocca  Canal, 
rise  up  on  the  S.,  and  might  be  termed  the  southern  suburba 
of  the  city.  The  buildings  that  crowd  tho  islands,  and 
seem  to  rise — a  b.tseless  fabric — from  the  surface  of  tha 
water,  rest  on  foundations  of  piles  and  stone.  Their  fnf  ades 
front  the  canals.  Very  often  no  door  is  to  be  seen,  and  tho 
only  access  to  the  building  is  ofi"ered  by  an  entrance  at  the 
back  from  the  interior  of  the  island,  which  is  covered  with 
narrow  streets  and  lanes.  The  superb  bridge  of  the  Rialto 
spans  the  Grand  Canal  at  its  narrowest  part.  It  consists 
of  one  arch  (span  91  feet),  is  72  feet  wide,  or  nearly  as 
broad  as  it  is  long,  and  is  divided  in  the  direction  of  its 
length  into  five  strips  or  sections :  two  of  these  are  rows  of 
shops  and  three  of  them  are  footways.  Magnificent  pal- 
aces, built  by  eminent  Italian  architects,  and  the  interiors 
of  which  are  enriched  by  the  works  of  Italy's  most  re- 
nowned painters,  rise  along  the  borders  of  the  Grand  Canal, 
and  make  it  the  finest  "  street"  in  the  world.  The  whole 
of  the  land  on  the  left  side  of  the  canal,  passing  up  from 
S.E.  to  N.W.,  was  at  one  time  called  Rialio,  and  Venice  na 
a  city  first  existed  on  this  quarter,  and  near  that  part  of  it 
connected  by  the  bridge  of  the  Rialto  with  the  quarter  on 
the  other  side  of  the  canal.  Two  other  (ii-on)  bridges  cross 
this  canal,  A  fine  viaduct,  2i  miles  long  and  30  feet  wide, 
carries  tho  Paduan  Railroad  across  the  lagoon  and  connects 
Venice  with  the  continent.  The  streets  or  lanes  (calli)  are 
for  the  most  part  so  narrow  and  intricate  as  to  render  tha 
city  a  vast  labyrinth,  and  in  place  of  wheel-carriages  small 
barges  called  gondolas  traverse  the  principal  canals,  pre- 
senting one  of  the  chief  characteristics  of  the  cit)'.  The 
principal  promenades  are  the  square  of  St.  Mark  and  tho 
public  gardens,  which  are  nearly  surrounded  by  the  sea. 
Venice  contains  a  vast  number  of  magnificent  churches  and 
palaces,  adorned  with  the  paintings  of  Titian  and  the  fres- 
cos of  Tintoretto  and  Paul  Veronese.  The  chief  edifices 
are  the  palace  of  the  Procuratie  Vecchie,  standing  upon  50 
arches,  and  the  Procuratie  Nuove,  which  occupy  the  greatei* 
part  of  the  square  of  St.  Mark,  around  which  extends  a 
vast  gallery,  containing  elegant  shops  and  cafes.  The  old 
library  of  St.  Mark  occupies  a  magnificent  hall,  and  in  the 
same  building  is  the  Zecca,  or  mint,  where,  in  1284,  tho 
celebrated  ducat  of  Venice,  the  most  ancient  coin  in  Europe, 
was  struck.  From  this  establishment  the  zecchino  or  se- 
quin, the  ancient  gold  coin  of  the  republic,  derived  its 
name.  The  former  palace  of  the  Doge,  or  ducal  palace,  on 
the  E.  side  of  the  Piazzetta,  begun  under  Marino  Faliera 
in  the  fourteenth  century,  is  remarkable  for  its  architec- 
tecture  and  its  imposing  mass;  its  interior  is  decorated  with- 
many  of  tho  finest  works  of  the  great  masters.  The  Bridge 
of  Sighs  connects  this  palace  with  the  former  prisons  and 
dungeons  of  the  Inquisition.  Among  the  ecclesiastical 
edifices  the  most  magnificent  is  the  church  of  St.  Mark, 
founded  in  977,  and  made  a  cathedral  in  1807,  with  its 
golden  ceilings,  its  pavement  of  jasper  and  porphyry,  and 
its  500  columns  of  black,  white,  and  veined  marble,  bronze, 
alabaster,  porphyry,  verd-antique,  and  serpentine.  It  con- 
tains the  celebrated  Palla  d'Ora,  a  species  of  mosaic,  in 
gold,  silver,  and  enamel,  made  at  Constantinople  in  the 
tenth  century,  and  a  vast  reliquary,  with  many  antiquities 
and  objects  of  art.  Over  the  portals  of  this  magnificent 
temple  the  four  celebrated  bronze  horses  which  were  founded 
at  Corinth,  and  successively  adorned  Athens,  Rome,  Con- 
stantinople, Venice,  and  Paris,  were  replaced  in  1815.  In 
front  of  St.  Mark  are  three  bronze  pedestals,  from  which 
once  floated  the  three  gonfalons  of  silk  and  gold,  emblematio' 
of  the  three  dominions  of  tho  republic,  A'^enice,  Cyprus,  and 
the  Morea;  and  near  it  are  the  campanile,  or  bell-tower, 
the  Torre  dell'  Orlogio,  or  clock  tower,  which,  when  it 
strikes  two  o'clock,  assembles  every  day  a  vast  number  of 
pigeons,  which  are  fed  at  the  expense  of  the  government, 
and  two  red  granite  columns,  one  surmounted  by  the  bro'nze 
lion  of  St.  Mark  and  the  other  by  the  statue  of  St.  Theo- 
dore, also  the  square  pillars  of  St.  John  of  Acre.  The  other 
churches  are  La  Madonna  doll'  Orto,  formerly  the  richest 
church  in  Venice,  the  church  of  SS.  Giovanni  e  Paolo,  filled 
with  numerous  monuments  of  the  Doges,  San  Giorgio  Mag- 
giore,  the  church  of  the  Salute,  the  churches  of  the  Jesuits, 
magnificently  decorated,  tho  Scalzi,  and  those  of  Mira-' 
coli  and  of  St.  Peter,  formerly  the  patriarchal  see,  the  cathc-' 
dral  of  Venice  till  1807,  and  the  church  of  the  Frari, 
with  fine  monuments  by  Canova.  The  armory  contains' 
many  interesting  objects.  Most  of  these,  with  the  dogana' 
or  custom-house,  the  Palazzo  Balbi  Grimani  (now  the  post- 
office),  and  other  splendid  palaces,  tho  municipal  museum, 
Ac,  are  situated  on  the  Grand  Canal.  Venice  has  several 
theatres,  an  opera-hcuse,  and  ptilaces  of  the  Prince  of  Wilr- 


-nv 


2716 


YEN 


temborg  nnd  of  the  Archduko  Ludwig  Viotor.  Tbo  arsenal, 
flontiiining  four  busing,  situated  on  an  inland,  surrounded  by 
high  walla  nearly  ttvo  miles  in  ciruuit,  was  long  the  first  in 
Europe.  During  the  pu.st  few  years  extensive  ultoraliuns 
and  iuiprovouicuts  have  been  carried  out  in  the  city.    A 

J;reat  deal  has  been  lately  done  in  widening  the  thorough- 
arcs  and  deepening  the  canals.  Largo  graving-,  ware- 
housing-, and  dry-docks,  and  a  patent  slip,  have  been 
recently  completed.  Near  the  principal  gateway  stand 
the  two  ooloAsal  marble  lions  brought  from  Athens  in  1687. 
The  chief  scicntiliu  and  literary  institutions  are  the  lyceum, 
with  a  rich  cabinet  of  natural  history  and  a  botanic  gar- 
don  ;  2  royal  gymnasia,  and  the  seminary  of  the  Salute, 
occupying  the  former  convent  of  that  name,  with  valuable 
ecientitic  collections  and  a  rich  library;  the  now  art  mu- 
seum ;  normal  high  school,  marine  college,  academy  and 
school  of  the  fine  arts,  with  an  extensive  I'inacotcca,  con- 
taining paintings  by  Titian,  Tintoretto,  and  other  celebrated 
artists  of  the  Venetian  school,  the  oldest  of  its  kind  in  ex- 
istence; and  the  Palazzo  dei  Poli,  where  Marco  Polo  lived, 
and  died  in  1323.  The  library  of  St.  Mark,  comprising  about 
120,00U  volumes  and  10,000  MSS.,  with  a  fine  cabinet  of 
antiquities  and  medals,  is  one  of  the  richest  in  Italy,  and 
among  the  largest  in  Europe.  One  of  the  most  remarkable 
institutions  in  Venice  is  that  of  the  Archivio  (Jencrale,  at- 
tached to  the  church  of  the  Frari,  which  contains  an  immense 
mass  of  documents  relative  to  the  history  of  Venice,  said 
to  fill  293  rooms.  The  Venetian  dialect  has  great  softness 
and  pleasantness  of  sound,  and  was  formerly  so  much  cher- 
ished as  a  token  of  nationality  that  the  speakers  in  the 
{senate  were  compelled  to  employ  it  in  preference  to  the 
Tuscan,  or  vohjare.  Many  of  the  inhabitants  are  employed 
in  fishing  and  in  navigating  vessels  belonging  to  the  port, 
♦f  which  there  are  about  30,000.  In  1869,  5920  foreign 
vessels  (exclusive  of  coasters),  of  825,245  tons,  entered 
and  cleared  the  port,  conveying  imports  valued  at  about 
$30,000,000,  and  exports  of  $21,000,000.  In  1875  the 
number  of  vessels  that  entered  was  2751 ;  tonnage,  531,010. 
Value  of  imports,  $24,000,000;  of  exports,  $12,500,000. 
The  trade  of  Venice,  which  had  suflered  from  the  increasing 
prosperity  of  Triest,  is  now  gradually  increasing.  It  was 
a  free  port  until  1873,  and  within  a  few  years  extensive 
moles  have  been  formed  with  great  success.  In  the  Middle 
Ages,  Venice  had  a  monopoly  of  the  mjinufacture  of  glass, 
but  this  has  greatly  declined,  and  its  manufactures  are 
BOW  confined  to  mirrors,  jewelry,  artificial  pearls,  colored 
heads,  silks,  laces,  velvets,  soap,  sugar-refineries,  <fcc. 
Printing  is  largely  carried  on,  and  its  book-trade  is  still 
extensive.  Cotton-spinning,  the  manufacture  of  candles 
(wax  and  composite),  bronze  casting,  the  making  of  the 
old  brocades  and  more  costly  laces,  the  manufacture  of 
imitations  of  antique  furniture,  and  the  preparation  of 
hides  and  leather,  are  among  the  recently-established  in- 
dustries in  the  city  and  province  of  Venice.  One  of  the 
glass-factories  has  been  in  continuous  work  for  upwards 
of  twelve  centuries.  In  1S74  the  value  of  the  glass  ex- 
ported was  $1,500,000.  General  imports  comprise  sugar, 
coffee,  and  other  colonial  produce,  cotton  and  woollen 
fabrics,  cotton  yarn  and  raw  cotton,  hardware,  dye-stuffs, 
salted  fish,  and  grain.  Exports,  silk  and  silk  goods,  glass- 
wares, and  books.  Outside  of  the  city,  on  an  island,  is 
San  Laziiro,  the  Armenian  convent,  a  centre  of  Armenian 
literature,  where  Byron  studied  the  language.  Venice  is 
not  well  supplied  with  water,  although  several  artesian 
wells  have  been  sunk.  It  is  mainly  dependent  on  its  cis- 
terns, and  on  supplies  brought  from  the  mainland  in  barges; 
but  an  aqueduct  is  now  being  constructed  to  bring  drinking- 
water  from  the  Canal  della  Seriola  Veneta.  The  origin  of 
Venice  dates  from  the  period  of  the  invasion  of  Attila, 
A.D.  452,  when  a  number  of  the  inhabitants  of  Venetia  and 
other  parts  of  Italy,  taking  refuge  in  the  islands  of  the 
Adriatic,  formed  a  confederation  to  oppose  the  barbarians. 
In  697  they  elected,  as  the  head  of  their  government,  a  doge 
or  duke  (dnx).  The  Venetian  States  formed  themselves 
into  a  republic  in  809.  In  997  they  took  possession  of  the 
town  of  Narenta,  a  nest  of  pirates,  and  thus  commenced 
their  maritime  power ;  they  afterwiirds  subjugated  all  the 
towns  of  Dalmatia.  The  Crusades  were  a  source  of  aggran- 
dizement for  Venice.  At  the  end  of  the  twelfth  century 
the  Venetians  made  themselves  masters  of  part  of  the 
Morea,  Corfu,  Cephalonia,  and  Crete.  During  two  cen- 
turies they  monopolized  the  commerce  of  India  by  the 
route  of  Egypt;  but  they  lost  this  on  the  discovery  of  the 
passage  by  the  Cape  of  Good  Uope.  The  state  attained 
the  height  of  its  prosperity  in  the  fifteenth  century.  It 
began  to  decline  at  the  beginning  of  the  sixteenth  century, 
and  its  overthrow  was  completed  by  the  French  in  1797. 


By  the  treaty  of  Prosburg,  in  1805,  it  wa«  mad*  ot 
with  the  provinces  of  the  conliucnt,  to  the  kinzdom 
Italy,  and  was  hold  by  the  French  till  1814,  when  it  , 
verted  to  Austria.  In  1848  the  Venetians  revolted  njrai!' 
the  Austrians,  and  held  the  city  for  several  month».  i 
city,  with  the  province,  was  re-anncxod  to  Iialy  by  i 
treaty  of  peace  of  Vienna,  October  3,  lS6fl,  iin,l  | 
King  of  Italy  entered  Venice  in  triumph,  November  7 

the  game  year. Adj.  an<l  inhab.  Vknktiah,  ven-co'ih 

at.  Ve.vkzia.no,  vi-n6d'zo-i-no;  Fr.  Vjcnitikx,  vAneei 
as*';  Ger. adj.  Ve.nedisch,  vi-na'dish,  inhub,  Veketu.'«i 
vd-nfit-se-i'n^r). 

Venice,  a  province  of  Italy,  is  bounded  on  the  8.E. 
the  Adriatic,  and  comprises  the  several  islands  nnd  Ikuih) 
of  the  capital.     Area,  850  square  miles.    Capital  Venii 
Pop.  in  1881,  356,708. 

Venice,  ven'iss,  a  township  of  Tulare  oo.,  Cnl.   P.  49 

Venice,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  III.,  near  tl 
Mississippi  lliver,  on  the  Chicago  <t  Alton  Uiiilrood  iin>l  i 
Indianapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  4  miles  N.E.  of  .< 
Louis,  Mo.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  in  I.S80,  fll2. 

Venice,  a  township  of  Shiawassee  oo.,  Mich.    P.  142 

Venice,  a  post-hamlet  in  Venice  township,  Cayuj^ct 
N.Y.,  on  the  Utica,  Ithaca  <fc   EIniira  Railroad,  t.\  mil 
N.N.W.  of  Frecville,  and  about  15  miles  S.  of  Auburn, 
has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1757. 

Venice,  Butler  co.,  0.     See  Ross. 

Venice,  a  post-village  of  Eric  co.,  0.,  on  Sandusky  Bi 
and  the  Lake  Shore  <fc  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  3  tail 
W.  of  Sandusky.      It  has  2  flouring-milis  nnd  n  chtirr 

Venice,  a  township  of  Seneca  co.,  0.     Pop.  1781. 

Venice,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  about : 
miles  S.W.  of  Pittsburg. 

Venice,  ven'iss,  a  post-village  in  Missiisquoi  co.,  Qu 
bee,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Des  Rivieres.     Pop.  120. 

Venice  Centre,  a  post-hamlct  in  Venice  townshi' 
Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Ithaca,  Auburn  k  Western  lUi 
road,  about  15  miles  S.  of  Auburn.  It  has  a  griat-uiill  at 
a  saw-mill. 

Venice,  Gnlf  of.    See  Adriatic. 

Venice  Switch,  a  station  in  Erie  co.,  C,  on  the  Cii 
cinnati,  Sandusky  &  Cleveland  Railroad,  4  miles  S.W,  o 
Sandusky. 

Venise,  a  city  of  Italy.    See  Venice. 

Venitia  (ve-nish'e-q,)  Grove,  a  post-office  of  How.ir 
CO.,  Ark. 

VenI oo,  vSn-lo',  or  VenMo',  a  town  of  the  Nethw 
lands,  Limburg,  on  the  Meusc,  at  the  junction  of  seven 
railways,  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  lloermond.  Lat.  51°  22'  N. 
Ion.  6°  10'  E.  Pop.  7907,  employed  in  brewing,  lanninj 
and  in  tin-,  lead-,  tobacco-,  and  vinegar-factories. 

Venloon,  Netherlands.    See  Loon-op-Zand. 

Vennachar,  Loch.    See  Venaciioir,  Locu. 

Vennes,  a  town  of  France.    See  Van.ves. 

Venosa,  vi-no'si   (anc.    Venu'»ia),  a  town  of  Kalj 

Erovince  and  23  miles  N.N.E.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  7222.    1 
as  a  noble  cathedral,  6  parish  churches,  a  raarket-hall,  iwi 
Roman  remains.     It  is  the  birthplace  of  Ilorncc. 

Venray,  or  Venraij,  vSn-ri',  a  village  of  the  Nether 
lands,  in  Limburg,  22  miles  N.  of  Roormond.  Pop.  of  cotti 
mune,  5093. 

Venta  ]lel$;ariim,  the  ancient  name  of  Wixchrstkr 

Venta  del  JMoro,  v6n'ti  d6l  mo'ro,  a  village  of  !*pain 
in  New  Castile,  province  and  about  60  miles  from  Cuenc* 
on  the  Cabriel.     Pop.  2165. 

Venta  Icenorum.    See  Caistou  nnd  Norwich. 

Ventana,  Sierra,  se-5ii'it.\  v6n-t4'n.\,  a  mountain  ot 
the  Argentine  Republic,  province  and  320  miles  S.W.  ol 
Buenos  Ayres,  in  lat.  38°  5'  S.  It  is  of  quartz  formation 
bare  and  jagged,  and  attains  a  height  of  35III)  feet. 

Ventas  con  Peiia  A^iiilern,  vin't.l'!  kon  pAn'yi 
l-ghe-li'rl,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  provinw 
and  18  miles  S.W.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  1592. 

Ventimiglia,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Vintimiclia. 

Ventipoor,  vfin-te-poor',  a  village  of  Cashuiere,  d' 
the  Jhylum,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Serinagur. 

Vent'nor,  a  town  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  Isle  of  Wiglit| 
10  miles  by  rail  S.  of  Ilyde.  It  stands  sheltered  by  higl 
land  on  the  N.  and  E.,  and  it  has  risen  since  IS.'JO  from  I 
mere  hamlet  into  a  fashionable  watering-place.  It  hiii 
chapels  and  schools,  handsome  terraces,  and  many  detatbed 
villas,  and  is  the  seat  of  the  Royal  National  Hospital  foi 
Consumptives. 

Yent'nor,  or  Adam's  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Orcn- 
ville  CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  Petite  Nation  River,  4  miles  from 
Spencerville.     It  contains  4  saw-  and  2  grist-mills.  P,  lad 

Ventoux.  Mont,  France.    See  Mont  Ventoux. 


TEN 


27lt 


VER 


Veu'try,  a  maritime  parish  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Kerry, 
th  a  harbor  which  affords  excellent  anchonvgo. 
Ventura,  ven-too'ri,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Cali- 
•nia,  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Pacific  Ocean.  It  is 
rtly  irrigated  by  the  Santa  Clara  lliver.  The  surface  is 
rorsilied  with  mountains  and  fertile  valleys.  Capital,  San 
icnaventura.     Pop.  in  18S0,  6073. 

Ventura,  n  post-hamlet  in  Holland  township,  Ottawa 
,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Michigan,  about  25  miles  W.S.W.  of 
nnd  Rapids.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 
Venus  Bay,  Australia.    See  Andersox's  Inlet. 
Vcnu»iia,  a  town  of  Italy.     See  Venosa. 
Ve'uus  Point,  the  most  N.  point  of  the  island  of  Ta- 

l:it.  17°  2a'  S.,  Ion.  149°  29'  W. 
Venzago,  a  village  of  Italy.  See  Vanzago. 
Vera,  vi'r.\,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  39  miles 
E.  of  Almeria,  near  the  Mediterranean.  Pop.  6017.  It 
9  a  small  harbor,  manufactures  of  nitre,  an  active  fishery, 
1  J  some  export  and  import  trade.  Near  it  are  traces  of 
I  Blent  Ur'ci. 

Vera,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Navarre,  on  the 

lassua,  40  miles  N.  of  Pamplona.     Pop.  1918. 

"e'ra,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co..  III.,  on  the  Illinois 

tral  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Vandalia.    It  has  a  church. 

era  Cruz,  vi'ri  krooss,  a  state  of  Mexico,  consisting 

a  belt  of  territory  stretching  along  the  S.W.  part  of  the 

If  of  Mexico,  and  bounded  N.  and  N.W.  by  the  states  of 

Luis  Potosi  and  Queretaro,  AV.  by  Mexico  and  Puebla, 

y  Oajaca,  and  E.  by  Tabasco.     It  extends  from  lat.  17° 

to  22°  15'  N.,  and  from  Ion.  94°  30'  to  99°  W.     Length, 

m  N.N.W.  to  S.S.E.,  nearly  500  miles;  breadth,  about 

miles.   Area,  26,225  square  miles.  The  coasts  are  gener- 

low,  level,  and  sandy,  and  the  streams  which  fall  into 

Gulf  are  either  obstructed  by  bars  at  their  mouths,  or 

ilvigable  for  only  a  short  distance.     The  most  important 

<i  these  are  the  Tampico,  the  Alvarado,  and   the   Coat- 

Koalcos.     A  characteristic  feature  of  the  coast  is  the  num- 

If'  of  its  lagoons.     One  of  these,  the  Tamiagua,  in  the  N., 

ilibout  55  miles  long  by  20  miles  broad,  and  communicates 

i^,h  the  Gulf  by  two  mouths  which  form  the  island  of 

^pan.     The  lagoon  next  in  size,  and  still  farther  N.,  is 

"linpico,  12  miles  long  by  9  miles  broad;  the  largest  in  the 

$s  that  of  Alvarado,  subdivided  into  8  smaller  lagoons. 

3e  interior,  after  the  low  belt  of  sea-shore  is  passed,  rises 
^dually,  and  becomes  clothed  with  magnificent  forests,  or 
\{.h  pasture  and  cultivated  fields.  Its  most  mountainous 
ition  is  near  the  centre,  to  the  W.  of  the  capital,  where 
tl  volcanic  peak  of  Orizaba  rises  to  the  height  of  17,380 
Pt.  The  climate  is  pestilential  on  the  coast,  where  from 
2ly  to  November  yellow  fever  always  prevails,  but  be- 
cliies  healthy  in  the  higher  districts.  The  products  em- 
llce  maize,  barley,  wheat,  tobacco,  cofiee,  sugar,  cotton, 
slsaparilla,  vanilla,  pine-apples,  oranges,  bananas,  and 
Sjiilar  fruits,  dye-woods,  and  many  valuable  species  of 
tiber.  Horned  cattle,  horses,  and  sheep  are  numerous. 
l,e  railway  to  Mexico  from  the  Atlantic  lies  through  this 
site.  Capital,  Vera  Cruz.  Pop.  682,441,  composed  of 
rlKed  races,  chiefly  Creoles  and  Indians,  with  some  Hav- 
abse,  foreigners,  negroes,  and  on  the  coasts  a  considerable 
nnber  of  zambos. 

ft'^era  Cruz,  or  Villa  Rica  de  la  Vera  Cruz,  veel'- 
jlree'kl  di  l4  vi'ri  krooss  (the  "rich  city  of  the  true 
stes"),  a  seaport  town  of  Mexico,  capital  of  the  above  state, 
ik  sandy,  marshy,  and  unhealthy  plain  on  the  S.W.  shore 
oithe  Gulf  of  Mexico,  185  miles  E.  of  Mexico.  Lat.  19° 
If  64"  N. ;  Ion.  96°  8'  36"  W.  It  is  connected  by  railways 
Vh  Mexico,  Jalapa,  and  Medellin.  It  presents  an  ira- 
ffing  appearance  from  the  sea,  is  defended  by  the  strong 
cftle  of  San  Juan  deUlua,  built  upon  an  island  about  half 
a'lile  from  the  shore,  and  consists  of  several  squares  and 
r'ular  streets,  with  bouses  of  coral  limestone,  sometimes  3 
sHes  high,  flat-roofed,  and  generally  provided  with  wooden 
bconies.  The  principal  buildings  are  16  churches  (of 
vlich,  however,  only  one  is  in  use,  though  the  cupolas  of 
a'  still  remain,  and  form  very  conspicuous  objects),  the 
fernraent  house,  which  is  tolerably  handsome,  and  some 
(i|ipidated  monasteries.  The  town  has  a  good  water-sup- 
II,  but  is  very  sickly,  yellow  fever  being  endemic.  The 
iifbor,  a  mere  roadstead  between  the  town  and  the  castle, 
iivery  insecure,  having  neither  good  anchorage  nor  suf- 
f'Cnt  protection  from  N.  winds.  It  is  provided,  however, 
vfh  a  good  stone  mole,  and  on  the  i»land  of  San  Juan  de 
Ijia  there  is  a  light-house  showing  a  brilliant  revolving 
Iht,  89  feet  above  the  sea.  The  tide  ebbs  and  flows  here 
e'y  once  in  24  hours;  the  highest  rise  observed  is  24  feet. 
%  trade  of  Vera  Cruz  is  equal  to  that  of  all  other  Mexican 
fha  combined.   The  exports  consist  principally  of  bullion^ 


cochineal,  sugar,  flour,  indigo,  provisions,  drugs,  vanilla, 
logwood,  and  pimento  ;  the  imports,  of  woven  fabrics,  cacao, 
coffee,  paper,  brandy,  wines,  machinery,  and  metals.  Ver« 
Cruz  was  founded  in  the  latter  part  of  the  sixteenth  century, 
and  obtained  the  rank  of  a  city  in  1615.  Its  castle,  which 
completely  commands  it,  was  taken  by  the  French  in  1829. 
Vera  Cruz  was  bombarded  and  taken  by  the  army  of  the 
United  States,  under  General  Scott,  in  1847.     Pop.  24,000. 

Vera  Cruz,  Old,  a  village  of  Mexico,  15  miles  N.W, 
of  Vera  Cruz.     Here  Cortez  disembarked  in  1518. 

Vera  Cruz,  ver'a  krooz,  a  post-village  of  Wells  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  Wabash  lliver,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Bluffton,  and 
about  30  miles  S.  of  Fort  Wayne.     It  has  3  churches. 

Vera  Cruz,  a  post-hamlet  in  Perry  township,  Brown 
CO.,  0.,  about  32  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  a  church. 

Vera  Cruz,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.,  9  mile* 
S.  of  Allentown,  and  1  mile  from  Vera  Cruz  Station  of  tho 
Perkiomen  Railroad.     It  has  a  church  and  a  coach-factory. 

Veragua,  ve-rah'gwa  (.Sp.  pron.  v4-ri'gwi),  or  San- 
tiago de  Veragua,  s4n-te-i'go  di  v.\-ri'gwl,  a  town 
of  tho  United  States  of  Colombia,  state  and  125  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Panama,  near  the  coast.  It  is  well  built,  and  haS 
some  trade  in  gold-dust,  copper,  cotton,  and  dyes.  Pop. 
5000. 

Vera  Paz,  Alta,  ll'ti  vi'ri  piz,  a  province  of  Guate- 
mala, bordering  on  the  Mexican  states  of  Campeachy  and 
Tabasco.     Capital,  Cohan. 

Verapoli,  v4-rip'o-le,  a  town  of  Indiji,  7  miles  N.E; 
of  Cochin.     It  is  the  seat  of  a  Roman  Catholic  archbishop. 

Verawow,  v5r'a-wow',  or  Vir'awah',  a  town  of  In- 
dia, in  Sinde,  on  a  fresh-water  lake  3  miles  in  circuit. 
Lat.  24°  33'  N.;  Ion.  70°  46'  E.     Pop.  1141. 

Ver'bank,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  id- 
Union  Vale  township,  i  mile  from  Verbank  Station  of  the 
Dutchess  &  Columbia  Railroad,  and  26  miles  N.E.  of  New- 
burg.     It  has  a  church  and  1  or  2  grist-mills.     Pop.  100.  ; 

Verbanus  Lacus,  Italy.    See  Laoo  Maggioue. 

Verbas,  v5r'b3,s',  or  Verbitza,  v5ii-bit'si,  a  river  of 
Bosnia,  joins  the  Save  13  miles  E.  of  Gradiska,  after  a  N. 
course  of  100  miles. 

Ver'beck,  a  post-hamlet  of  Barton  co.,  Kansas,  14 
miles  from  Bunker  Hill. 

Verbe'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chilton  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
South  &  North  Alabama  Railroad,  31  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Montgomery.     It  has  a  church. 

Verbenico,  vfiR-bi'ne-ko,  a  village  and  seaport  of- 
Austria,  on  the  island  of  Veglia.     Pop.  1348. 

Verbicaro,  v5R-be-kS.'ro,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Cosenza,  28  miles  N.  of  Paola,  and  5  miles  from  the  Medi- 
terranean.    Pop.  5159. 

Verbicz,  vCR^bits',  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Liptau, 
on  the  Waag,  1  mile  S.S.E.  of  Szent  Miklos.     Pop.  2000. 

Verbitza,  a  river  of  Bosnia.    See  Verbas. 

Verbowez,  vfiR-bo-vi-ts',  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Podolsk, 
18  miles  N.W.  of  Moheelev.     Pop.  2121. 

Vercelli,  vfin-chfil'lee  (ane.  Vercel'lse),  a  city  of  Italy, 
in  Piedmont,  province  of  Novara,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Sesia,  here  crossed  by  a  handsome  bridge,  14  miles  N,  of 
Casale.  Pop.  20,140,  It  is  enclosed  by  boulevards,  re- 
placing its  old  fortifications,  is  well  built,  and  has  an  ap-- 
pearance  of  prosperity.  Its  cathedral,  one  of  the  finest  in' 
Piedmont,  contains  the  tomb  of  St.  Amadous  of  Savoy,  and 
a  valuable  library  of  old  manuscripts,  including  a  copy  of 
the  laws  of  the  Lombards,  and  a  manuscript  of  the  gospels 
written  by  St.  Eusebius,  tho  founder  of  the  see,  in  the  fourth 
century.  It  has  a  large  hospital,  a  royal  palace,  a  clerical 
seminary,  manufactures  of  woollen  and  silk  fabrics,  and  i» 
large  trade  in  rice  raised  in  its  vicinity.  A  canal  connects 
it  with  Ivrea. 

Vercelii-Borgo,  vin-ch41'lee-boR'go,  a  town  of  Italy. 
4  miles  N.E.  of  Vercelli,  near  the  Sesia.  It  has  a  palace 
occupying  the  site  of  an  old  castle. 

Vercheres,  v^R'shaiR',  a  county  in  tho  S.W.  part  of 
Quebec,  bounded  by  the  St.  Lawrence  on  the  W.  and  the 
Richelieu  on  the  E.  Area,  78  square  miles.  Capital,  Ver- 
ohfires.     Pop.  12,717. 

Vercheres,  a  post-village,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Ver- 
chSres,  Quebec,  on  the  S.  shore  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  24 
miles  below  Montreal.  It  has  a  church,  a  college,  a  con- 
vent, 7  or  8  stores,  a  foundry,  2  tanneries,  a  saw-mill,  and 
a  grist-mill.     Pop.  900. 

Verdachellum,  vSr-dl-chil'lum,  a  town  of  British 
India,  in  Madras,  96  miles  S.  of  Arcot.     Pop.  5439. 

Verde,  vSu'di,  a  post-ofliice  of  Yavapai  co.,  Arizona. 

Verde,  Rio,  ree'o  vdR'di,  a  river  of  Brazil,  province  of 
Bahia,  flows  N.,  and  joins  the  Sao  Francisco  nearly  opposite 
the  town  of  Pilao  Aroado. 


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VerilCt  Rio,  a  rivor  of  Briitil,  provinoe  of  Qoyai,  rises 
a  tho  N.  slope  of  the  Sorra  Jos  I'ironneos,  flows  N.,  and 
joins  the  Maranhilo. 

VerdC)  Rio.  a  river  of  Brazil,  province  of  Matto-Q rosso. 
It  tal<08  a  northerly  direction,  and,  after  a  oourse  nearly 

rarallol  with  that  of  tlio  Oiiapore,  joins  that  river  about 
00  miles  from  the  town  of  Aiatto-U rosso. 

VcrdCt  Rio,  a  river  of  Brazil,  province  of  Minas-Geraos, 
rises  S.W.  of  tho  town  of  Ajuruoca,  flows  circuituusly  first 
N.  and  then  W.,  and,  after  a  oourse  of  about  160  miles, 
joins  the  Supucnhi. 

Verde,  Hio,  an  auriferous  river  of  Brazil,  province  of 
Minus-Ooraes,  rises  in  tho  marshes  to  the  W.  of  Surra  UrSo 
Mogor,  flows  N.,  then  N.W.,  and  then  \V,,  and  joins  tho 
Silo  Francisco  on  the  right,  nearly  opposite  the  mouths  of 
the  Japor6  and  Carinhenha. 

Verde  Islands,  West  Africa.  See  Cate  Vehd  Isi-Axns. 

Ver'den  (Oer.  pron.  fiu'd^n),  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Han- 
over, on  the  Allor,  and  on  the  railway  to  Hanover,  21  miles 
8.E.  of  Bremen.  Pop.  71)09.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and 
pas  an  ancient  cathedral,  manufactures  of  tobacco,  l)rew- 
«rie;,  distilleries,  and  an  export  trade  in  corn  and  cattle. 

Verdi,  v^r'de,  a  post-village  of  Washoe  co.,  Nevada,  on 
Ihe  Central  Pacific  llailroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Reno.  It 
has  2  stores,  a  hotel,  a  planing-mill,  2  saw-mills,  2  shingle- 
luills,  and  40  houses. 

Vcrdiere  (v?r-dcer')  Point,  a  poet-office  of  Putnam 
00.,  l''la. 

Verdierville,  v^r-deer'rll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange 
CO.,  Va.,  on  the  Potomac,  Fredericksburg  &  Piedmont  Rail- 
road, 12  miles  E.  of  Orange  Court-IIouso. 

Verdigris,  v^r'de-grGsa,  a  township  of  Wilson  co., 
Kansas.     Pop.  1188, 

Verdigris  Falls,  post-office,  Greenwood  co.,  Kansas. 

Verdigris  River  rises  near  the  E.  border  of  Chase 
CO.,  Kansas,  intersects  Greenwood  co.,  runs  southward 
through  Wilson  and  Montgomery  cos.,  and  passes  into  the 
Indian  Territory.  Its  general  direction  is  nearly  south- 
ward. It  enters  tho  Arkansas  River  about  1  mile  above  the 
mouth  of  the  Neosho  River,  and  3  miles  from  Fort  Gibson. 
Its  length  is  estimated  at  270  miles. 

Verdigris  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Kno.\  co..  Neb. 

Verdon,  vfiii*d6N"',  a  river  of  France,  in  Basses-Alpcs, 
rises  near  Colmar,  flows  S.  to  near  Castellane,  and  thence 
W.  between  the  departments  of  Bas8es-Ali)C3  and  Var,  and 
joins  the  Durance,  after  a  course  of  100  miles. 

Ver'don,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hanover  co.,  Va.,  about  30 
luilcs  N.  of  Richmond. 

Verdu,  vfiii-doo',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  prov- 
ince and  21  miles  E.  of  Lerida.     Pop.  2007. 

Verdun,  vdii\liiN»'  (ano.  Verodit'num),  a  town  of  Fr.inee, 
in  Mouse,  28  miles  N.  of  Bar-le-Duc,  on  the  Mouse,  which 
here  becomes  navigable.  Lat.  49°  9'  "A"  N. ;  Ion.  5°  22' 
E.  Pop.  15,433.  It  is  strongly  fortified,  and  has  a  cathe- 
dral, a  Protestant  chapel,  military  and  civil  hospitals,  a 
bishop's  palace,  a  clerical  seminary,  a  communal  college, 
a  public  library  of  22,000  volumes,  distilleries,  tanneries, 
breweries,  and  manufactures  of  wooden-wares,  woven  fab- 
rics, liqueurs,  and  confectionery.  In  1792  it  was  bom- 
barded and  taken  by  the  Prussians,  but  was  restored  to 
the  French  after  the  battle  of  Valmy. 

Verdunois,  vd(iMu'nw&.',  an  old  district  or  division 
of  France,  now  comprised  in  the  departments  of  Tarn-et- 
Uaronne  and  Hauto-Garonne.     Its  capital  was  Verdun. 

Vcrdun-sur-Ciaroune,  vdH^dri>«'-sun-gi'ronn',  a 
town  of  France,  in  Tarn-et-Garonne,  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Garonne,  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Castel-Sarrasin.  Pop. 
1500,  who  manufacture  leather. 

Vcrdun-sur-Saone,  vfiuMuN»'-silR-son,  a  town  of 
France,  in  Saonc-ct-Loirc,  on  the  Saflne,  at  the  influx  of 
tho  Doubs,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Chalon-sur-Saone.     P.  1864. 

Vere,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Veer. 

Vereinigte  Staateu.    See  United  States. 

Vereya,  Vereia,  or  Vereja,  vA-ri'yi,  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  62  miles  W.S.W.  of  Moscow,  on 
both  sides  of  the  Protva.  Pop.  5502.  It  is  enclosed  by 
ramparts,  and  h.os  a  cathedral. 

Verleil,  v^R^f^I',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ilaute- 
Garonne,  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Toulouse.  Pop.  of  com- 
mune, 2171. 

Vergara,  vfiR-gi'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of 
Ouipuzcoa.  20  miles  S.W.  of  Tolosa.  Pop.  3237.  A  con- 
vention here  in  1839  put  an  end  to  tho  war  in  Biscay. 

Vergennes,  v^r-j6nz',  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co., 
111.,  about  8  miles  S.W.  of  Duquoin. 

Vergennes,  a  township  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.   Pop.  1129. 

Vergennes,  a  city  of  Addison  co.,  Vt.,  is  beautifully 


situated  on  Otter  Creek,  7  miles  from  its  entrance  into  I  J 
Champlain,  and  on   the  Rutland  division  of  iho  r, ,  , 
Vermont  llailroad,  21  miles  S.  of  Burlington,    Oiler  i. 
is  here  about  500  feet  wide,  and  is  navigable  for  \-o>n-\, 
300  tons  to  this  place,  where  it  falls  about  ;i7  Uh  » 
affords  ample  water-power.     It  contains  a  Unitwl  isiai 
arsenal,  5  cluirchcK,  a  newspaper  oflico,  a  graded  niliui 
and  a  national  bank,  and  has  uuinufacturcs  of  floor,  furt 
turo,  mivchincry,  pumps,  sash,  blinds,  doors,  and  I'ciitli. 
Vergennes   commands    good   views   of    grand  inoiini:ii 
scenery.     Incorporated  as  a  city  in  1783.     P.  (1880)  17S5' 

Verghereto,  v6ii-gi-rd'to,  a  village  of  Floreoce,  ool 
spur  of  the  Apennines,  5  miles  from  Bagno.     Pop.  2l'7J. 

Vcrgilia,  the  ancient  name  of  Minicu.  '  1 

Verginium  Mare.    See  Sai.nt  Gkoiigk's  Ciuit:«Ki. 

Veria,  VQ-ree'A,  or  Kara  Veria,  ki'ri  v^-reo'i  {m 
Derw'a  ;  Gr.  Bcpoia,  Bcroiu),  a  town  of  European  Turke 
35  miles  W.  of  Salonica.  Pop.  8000,  mostly  Urceki  ti 
gaged  in  cotton-weaving,  dyeing,  and  raising  fruit. 

Vcrkhnee,  virK'neo,  or  Vcrklinii,  viuK'fiee  ("ui 
per"),  a  prefix  to  the  names  of  many  towns  of  Russia. 

Verkhnee  Dnicprovsk,  viuK'nco  dne-i-provsk', 
town  of  Russia,  government  and  34  miles  W.N.W.of  Vtk 
terinoslav,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Dnieper.     Pop.  iVil 

Vcrkhnee  Lomov,  Russia.    See  Lamov. 

Verkhnee  OoMinsk',  a  town  of  Siberia,  in  Tran 
baikalia,  35  miles  N.E,  of  Selenghinsk,     Pop.  .3473, 

Verkhnee  Ooralsk,  or  Verkhuii  L'ralsk,  virkj 
Bee  oo^rilsk',  a  fortified  town  of  Russia,  in  Oienboorg  pl 
miles  S.E,  of  Oofa.     Pop.  6166. 

Verkhnee  Vilioosk,  ve-le-oosk',  a  town  of  Sibcn 
in  Yakootsk,  on  the  Viliooi,  175  miles  N.  of  Ulokininnk. 

Verkhnee  Yansk,  or  Vcrkhnii  Jansk,  viitK  nel 
yinsk,  a  town  of  Siberia,  province  of  Yakootsk,  on  th' 
Yana.     Lat.  60°  45'  N.;  Ion.  133°  10'  E. 

Verkhotourie,  or  Verkhoturie,  v3a-Ko-too'rc  i, 
town  of  Asiatic  Russiii,  government  of  Perm,  on  the  Toor: 
85  miles  N.  of  Alapaevsk.     Pop.  3485. 

Verkhovashkoi,  vdii-ico-vish-koi',  a  town  of  Ru 
sia,  in  Vologda,  on  the  Vaga,  and  on  the  road  from  Vologd 
to  Archangel,  18  milos  S.  of  Velsk.     Pop,  574,  | 

Verlaine,  vfiii^lain',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  m<| 
13  miles  W,S,W.  of  Liege,  on  the  Yerne,     Pop,  1394, 

Vermandois,  vdlt'm6so'dwi'  (anc,  Veroman'dni),  a 
old  subdivision  of  France,  in  Picardy.  Capital,  St.-Qucnut 

Verincjo,  vdii-ratl'iio,  called  also  Ilio  Grande,  ree'i 
grin'dA.,  a  river  of  tho  Argentine  Rei)ublic,  rises  on  tb 
Bolivian  frontier,  flows  S.E,,  and  joins  the  Paruguiiy  1 
miles  S.W.  of  5foembucu.  Total  course  estimated  at  74 
miles.     Affluents,  the  Jujuy  and  Tarija. 

Vermejo,  v§r-mi'ho,  a  post-hamlet  of  Colfax  co.,  Ne« 
Mexico,  on  the  Vermejo  River,  60  miles  S,  of  Trinidad 
Col.     Altitude,  about  6500  feet. 

Vermejo  Creek,  New  Mexico,  rises  in  Colfax  eo, 
runs  nearly  southeastward,  and  enters  tho  Canadian  lUv« 

Vermelho,  vfin-mSl'yo,  a  river  of  Brazil,  rises  in  th' 
mountains  S.E.  of  the  town  of  Goyaz,  anil,  after  a  N.W 
course  of  about  240  miles,  joins  the  Araguay. 

Vermenton,  v4ii^m6N<''t6.v',  a  town  of  France,  depart 
ment  of  Yonne,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Auxcrre.     Pop,  1863. 

Vermilion,  v^r-mil'yun,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  ol 
Illinois,  bordering  on  Indiana,  has  an  area  of  about  9W 
square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Vermilion  Uiver  mk 
its  three  branches,  the  'North,  Middle,  and  Salt  Forki 
The  surftice  is  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  deep  and  very  fcr 
tile  ;  the  greater  part  of  it  is  prairie.  Indian  corn,  wheat 
oats,  hay,  cattle,  horses,  wool,  and  pork  are  the  staph 
products.  In  1870  this  county  had  53,078  acres  of  wood- 
land. Mines  of  bituminous  coal  have  been  opened  in  ill 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Wabash  Railroad  and  the  Indiw 
napolis,  Bloomington  k  Western  Railroad.  The  Cliicagc^ 
Danville  &  Vincennes  Railroad  connects  with  tho  Pari*  i 
Danville  Railroad  at  Danville,  the  capital.  Valuation  <A\ 
real  and  personal  estate,  $26,426,852.  Pop.  in  187U,  30,38^ 
of  whom  28,223  were  Americans;  in  1880,  41,583.  j 

Vermilion,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Indiana,  \m^\ 
dering  on  Illinois,  has  an  area  of  about  275  square  inil* 
It  is  bounded  on  the  E,  by  the  Wabash  River,  and  inteM 
sected  by  tho  Vermilion  River.  The  surface  is  nearlj 
level,  and  one- third  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak, 
ash,  sugar-maple,  elm,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fcrUlo. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  arc  the  staple  prodH 
ucts.  Among  its  minerals  is  bituminous  coal.  This  county 
is  traversed  by  the  Evansville,  Terrc  Haute  k  Chicago  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Newport.  Valuation  of  real  and  1»««""*^ 
estate,  $10,000,000.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,840,  of  whom  10.6W 
were  Americans ;  in  1880,  12,026. 


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Vermilion,  a  parish  in  the  S.  part  of  Louisiana,  bor- 
sring  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  has  nn  area  of  about  1230 
luare  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  Vermilion  Buy, 
id  is  intersected  by  Vermilion  River.  This  parish  con- 
ins  White  Lake.  The  surface  is  level  and  low.  The  soil 
fertile.  Sugar-cane,  cotton,  cattle,  and  Indian  corn  are 
le  staple  products.  Capital,  Abbeville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
>28;  in  1880,  8728;  in  1890,  14,234. 
Vermilion,  a  post-village  of  Edgar  co.,  III.,  on  the 
ne  between  Elbridge  and  Stratton  townships,  on  the 
leveland,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  12 
iles  N.W.  of  Terro  Haute,  Ind.,  and  7  miles  E.S.E.  of 
aris.  It  has  a  graded  school,  4  churches,  a  grist-mill, 
id  manufactures  of  wagons,  tiles,  <feo.  Pop.  325. 
Vermilion,  a  township  of  La  Salle  oo..  111.  Pop.  556. 
Vermilion,  a  township  of  Vermilion  eo.,  Ind.  P.  2175. 
Vermilion,  a  post-villago  of  Marshall  co.,  Kansas,  in 
oble  township,  on  East  Vermilion  Creek,  and  on  the  Cen- 
al  Branch  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  70  miles  W.  of 
tcbison.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and  general  stores, 
op.  of  the  township,  1751. 

Vermilion,  a  post-office  of  Dakota  co.,  Minn.,  in  Ver- 
ilion  township,  on  a  creek  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the 
listings  <fc  Dakota  Railroad,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Hastings, 
op.  of  the  township,  780. 

Vermilion,  a  post-village  of  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Oswego.  It  has  a  church,  a  tannery, 
1  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  about  200. 
I  Vermilion,  a  township  of  Ashliind  co.,  0.  Pop.  in 
890,  1846.  It  contains  Hayesvillo  villiige. 
;  Vermilion,  a  post-village  and  shipping-port  of  Erie 
0.,  0..  in  Vermilion  township,  on  Lake  Erie,  at  the  mouth 
if  Vermilion  River,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan 
outhern  Railroad,  20  miles  E.  of  Sandusky,  and  40  miles 
f.  of  Cleveland.  It  has  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
rick-yard,  a  sash-  and  blind-factory,  a  flour-mill,  a  s.iw- 
lill,  a  planing-mill,  a  lime-kiln,  a  carriage-shop,  a  ship- 
ard,  and  a  quarry  of  sandstone,  which  is  exported  in  large 
uantities.  Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  2016. 
Vermilion,  a  city,  capital  of  Clay  co.,  S.D.,  on  the 
sft  bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Ver- 
lilion  River,  and  on  the  Dakota  Southern  Railroad,  26 
liles  E.  by  S.  of  Yankton.  It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
ank,  a  graded  school,  and  5  churches,  also  a  United  States 
ind-office.  Here  is  located  the  State  University.  Pop.  in 
890,  1496. 
Vermilion,  a  post-office  of  Barron  co.,  Wis.,  7  miles 
rom  Cumberland. 

Vermilion  Bay,  in  the  S.  part  of  Louisiana,  com- 
municates through  C6te  Blanche  Bay  with  the  Gulf  of 
dexico.  Length,  about  20  miles. 
Vermilion  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vermilion  co., 
II.,  on  the  Paris  <fc  Danville  Railroad,  16  miles  S.  of  Dan- 
'ille.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  an  academy,  and  general 
tores.     Pop.  about  200. 

Vermilion  Lake,  Minnesota,  is  in  St.  Louis  co.,  near 
it.  48°  N.  It  is  about  20  miles  in  length,  and  the  width 
s  nearly  equal  to  the  length.  Its  outlet  is  Vermilion  River, 
rhich  runs  northward  and  enters  Rainy  Lake. 

Vermilion  Kiver,  Illinois,  rises  in  or  near  Ford  co., 
uns  northwestward  through  Livingston  CO.,  and  enters  the 
llinois  River  at  La  Salle. 

Vermilion  River,  Louisiana,  rises  near  the  S.  border 
if  St.  Landry  parish,  runs  southward  through  the  parishes 
if  Lafayette  and  Vermilion,  and  enters  Vermilion  Bay.  It 
s  said  to  be  navigable  by  small  steamboats. 

Vermilion  River,  an  affluent  of  the  Wabash,  is  formed 
»y  the  North,  Middle,  and  South  Forks,  which  rise  in  Illi- 
lois  and  unite  near  Danville,  in  that  state.  It  runs  south- 
lastward,  and  enters  the  Wabash  River  in  Indiana,  about 
'  miles  N.  of  Newport.  The  main  stream  is  about  28  miles 
ong.  The  South  Fork,  which  rises  in  Champaign  co.  and 
■uns  eastward,  is  nearly  75  miles  long.  The  Little  Ver- 
nilion  River  enters  the  Wabash  4  or  5  miles  below. 

Vermilion  River,  Ohio,  runs  northward  through 
Huron  and  Erie  cos.,  and  enters  Lake  Erie  at  Vermilion. 

Vermilion  Kiver,  South  Dakota,  drains  part  of  Miner 
!0.,  runs  nearly  fouthward  through  McCook,  Turner,  and 

tr)lay  COS.,  and  enters  the  Missouri  River  at  Veruailion.     It 
s  about  170  miles  long. 

Vermilion  River,  a  small  stream  of  Barron  co..  Wis., 
runs  southeastward,  anil  enters  the  Red  Cedar  River. 

Vermilionville,  v^r-mil'yiin-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  La 
3alle  CO..  III.,  in  Deer  Park  township,  on  the  Vermilion 
River,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Ottawa.    Coal  is  found  here.    This 
place  has  a  manufactory  of  tiles, 
Vermland,  Sweden.    See  Carlstjld. 


Vermont'  (named  from  the  French  Monts  Vert*  of 
Verts  MonlK,  i.e.,  "  Green  Mountains,"  the  principal  moun- 
tain-range in  the  state),  the  northwestcrnmost  of  the  New 
England  states  of  the  American  Union,  bounded  N.  by  the 
Canadian  province  of  Quebec,  E.  by  New  Hampshire,  the 
W.  bank  of  the  Connecticut  River  being  the  boundary- 
line,  S.  by  Massachusetts,  and  W.  by  New  York,  Lake 
Champlain  and  Poultney  River  dividing  it  from  New  York 
in  part.  In  Lake  Champlain  there  lie  within  the  limits 
of  this  state  the  islands  of  North  and  South  Hero,  Isle  Li» 
Motte,  Hog,  Wood,  Butler's,  Potter's,  Providence,  Straw,' 
Gull,  Fishbladdcr,  Savage,  and  other  islands,  the  mo.st  im- 
portant of  which,  with  a  peninsula  which  extends  into  the 
lake  from  Canada,  constitute  the  county  of  Grand  Isle. 
The  state  is  150  miles  long,  from  35  to  85  miles  wide,  and 
has  an  area  of  9565  square  miles  (land  area,  9135  square 
Liiles),  or  5,846.400  .acres. 

Face  of  the  Gountrtj. — The  Green  Mountains,  which  are 
members  of  the  Appalachian  system,  traverse  this  state 
from  N.  to  S.,  mainly  in  two  ridges,  of  which  the  eastern 
is  the  more  continuous  and  the  western  the  higher  and 
steeper.  The  principal  peaks  arc  Mount  Mansfield,  4430 
feet;  Camel's  Hump,  4088  feet;  Shrewsbury  Peak,  408«' 
feet;  Killington  Peak,  4221  feet;  Ascutncy,  3320  feet; 
Mount  Willoughby,  or  Annanance,  3800  feet;  Equinox, 
3872  feet;  Sterling,  3500  feet;  Mo\\ii,  Anthony,  <fee.  The 
mountains  are  generally  more  rounded  in  outline  than  is 
usual  among  the  Appalachians,  and  they  are  generally  clad 
with  dense  forests,  but  afford  rich  and  abundant  pasturage. 
Western  Vermont  and  a  large  part  of  the  eastern  section 
are  beautiful  pastoral  regions,  while  Central  Vermont  is 
largely  a  wild  and  picturesque  mountain-country. 

Geology  and  Minerala. — Central  Vermont,  from  N.  to  S., 
is  of  azoic  or  Laurcntian  formation,  and  strata  of  unques- 
tionable Laurentian  age  reappear  in  the  Upper  Connecticut 
Valley.  AVestern  Vermont  is  overlaid  with  Silurian  and 
Devonian  rocks,  affording  valuable  marble  and  other  min- 
eral wealth ;  and  there  are  limited  deposits  of  the  tertiary. 
The  rocks  of  Eastern  Vermont  are  mainly  referred  to 
Silurian  time;  but  with  regard  to  the  geologic  age  of 
some  of  the  more  highly  metamorphic  strata  there  is  a 
difiFerence  of  opinion.  The  mineral  wealth  of  Vermont  is 
important.  Marbles  of  many  grades  (pure  white,  black,  pale 
red,  mottled,  Ac),  iron,  copper,  slate,  manganese,  ochres, 
kaolin,  Ac,  are  among  the  products  of  the  state.  Gold  has 
been  obtained  in  small  quantities  at  various  points.  Rut- 
land affords  a  superior  white  marble ;  Proctorsville,  an 
excellent  serpentine ;  Brandon,  a  highly-valued  brown 
hematite,  besides  manganese,  kaolin,  ochre  (used  for  paint), 
marble,  lime,  and  a  brown  lignite  which  is  employed  to 
some  extent  as  fuel;  Fair  Haven,  quarries  of  slate  and 
marble;  Middlebury,  fine  marble;  Castleton,  marble, slate, 
and  steatite;  Guilford  and  Putney,  building-slate;  Vcr- 
shire  and  Corinth,  useful  copper  ores ;  Swanton  and  Isle  La 
Motte,  black,  white,  and  variegated  marble  ;  Grafton,  soap- 
stone  ;  Strafford,  rich  pyrites,  affording  copperas  and  sul- 
phuric acid ;  New  Haven,  Shelburne,  Dorset,  and  Man- 
chester, marble;  Roxbury,  verd-antique;  Bennington  and 
Rutland,  potter's  clay ;  and  the  mineral  waters  (chalybeate, 
sulphurous,  or  saline)  of  Clarendon,  Alburg,  Sheldon,  High- 
gate,  Orwell,  Middletown,  Sadawga,  Guilford,  Elgin,  New- 
bury, Plainfield,  Stowe,  Chelsea,  Ac,  have  local  and  in 
some  instances  national  repute  in  the  treatment  of  disease. 

liivers  and  Lakes. — Lake  Champlain  affords  important 
steam  navigation,  and  is  much  visited  for  its  beauty  and 
historic  associations.  The  Connecticut  River  was  formerly 
navigated  as  far  as  Bellows  Falls  by  means  of  locks  and 
a  short  canal.  Otter  Creek  (navigable  8  miles  to  Ver- 
gennes),  the  Poultney,  Pawlet,  Onion  or  Winooski,  La- 
moille, and  Missisquoi  Rivers  are  the  chief  tributaries  of 
Lake  Champlain.  Into  the  Connecticut  flow  the  Nulhegan, 
PasBumpsic,  Wells,  Wait's,  White,  Quechee,  Black,  Wil- 
liams, Saxton's,  West,  Green,  North,  and  Dcerfield,  and  into 
the  Hudson  the  Iloosao  and  Walloomsao  and  the  Batten 
Kill.  Barton  River  is  the  principal  affluent  of  Lake  Mem- 
phremagog,  a  noble  expanse  of  water,  lying  partly  in  Can- 
ada. There  are  a  great  number  of  small  lakes,  especially 
towards  the  N.E.  The  streams  of  Vermont  are  generally 
small,  but  afford  much  water-power,  which  is  extensively 
utilized  for  manufacturing  purposes. 

Objects  of  Interest  to  Tourists. — This  state  has  many  pic- 
turesque cataracts,  of  which  m.ay  be  enumerated  Bellows 
Falls,  on  the  Connecticut,  the  Great  Falls  of  the  Lamoille, 
at  Milton,  Winooski  Falls,  Passumpsio  Falls,  at  Lyndon, 
the  Falls  of  the  Missisquoi,  in  Troy,  Ac.  Lakes  Champlain, 
Meinphremagog,  and  Willoughby,  the  towns  of  Burlington,- 
Bennington,  Windsor,  Woodstock,  and  Brattleborough,  and 


VBR 


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the  various  mountains  and  mineral  springs,  are  places  of 
vumiuor  rcKorU 

Aijricutture. — In  Spite  of  her  mountainous  aspect  and 
her  long  and  aevero  winters,  Vermont  takes  a  leading  piuuo 
aa  an  agricultural  state;  and,  considering  her  area,  ]>opu- 
lation,  and  the  large  amount  of  forest-land  she  has,  it  uiay 
bo  questioned  if  any  state  affords  larger  returns  to  the 
faraier.  Much  land  which  is  inarablo  is  very  profitably 
postured,  sheep,  horsoi*,  and  neat  cattle  are  bred  for  market, 
and  her  wool  and  dairy-products  have  high  reputation  for 
excollenoo  and  abundance.  Hay,  potatoes,  hops,  oats,  rye, 
wheat,  Indian  corn,  grass  and  clover-soed,  apples,  and  all 
the  ordinary  staples  of  agriculture  are  abundantly  pro- 
duced. For  maple  sugar  no  state  excels  her.  There  are 
■omo  tnicts,  however,  with  a  cold  and  churlish  soil,  par- 
ticularly in  the  N.E.  and  in  the  more  mountainous  town- 
ships. As  a  rule,  the  western  slope  of  the  mounUiins  and 
the  intervale  lands  on  the  Connecticut  and  on  Lake  Chnm- 
plain  have  the  best  soils.  There  were  in  ISUO  at  least  lOUO 
abandoned  farms  in  the  state,  aggregating  118,000  acres. 
Some  of  this  land  has  been  purchased  by  the  state  for  the 
establishment  of  settlements  of  Swedish  immigrants.  The 
efforts  to  repopulate  the  deserted  districts  have  so  far  been 
attended  with  success. 

ForetU  are  quite  extensive,  especially  in  the  less  fertile 
and  arable  districts.  Spruce,  hemlock,  pine,  cedar,  and 
fir  among  coniferous  timber  trees,  and  beech,  oak,  rock- 
raaple,  several  species  of  birch,  basswood,  and  other  useful 
tieciduous  trees,  abound.  Large  amounts  of  lumber,  tire- 
wood,  tanners'  bark,  maple  sugar,  and  charcoal  are  pro- 
duced from  the  forests. 

Mitiiufacturea  occupy  a  prominent  place  among  the  in- 
dustrial interests  of  the  stJite.  Prominent  manufacturing 
towns  are  Bennington  (stoneware,  fire-brick,  knitted  goods, 
leather,  <fec.),  Brattleborough  (musical  instruments,  car- 
riages, and  a  great  variety  of  goods),  St.  Johnsbury  (weigh- 
ing-scales, Ac),  Brandon  (paints,  iron,  castings,  Ac),  Rut- 
land (marble-works,  &o.),  Burlington  (lumber,  Ac),  Fair 
Haven,  Castleton,  <fcc.  (marble-  and  slate-work),  St.  Albans 
(machinery,  railroad-works,  Ac),  Mclndoe's  Falls  (lum- 
ber-sawing), Hartford  (miscellaneous  goods),  and  Bellows 
Falls  (paper,  wood-pulp,  Ac).  Agricultural  implements, 
paper,  cotton  and  woollen  goods,  boots  and  shoes,  bricks, 
carriages,  cooperage,  flour,  furniture,  chairs,  hosiery, 
leather,  lime,  lumber,  machinery,  cut  stone  and  slates, 
starch,  metallic  and  wooden  wares,  and  a  great  variety  of 
other  goods  are  extensively  produced. 

Railroad$. — In  1850,  Vermont  had  290  miles  of  railroad; 
in  1855,  527  miles;  in  1860,  554  miles;  in  1865,  589  miles; 
in  1870,  614  miles;  in  1875,  810  miles;  in  1880,  912  miles; 
in  1885,  948  miles;  in  1890,  988  miles. 

Financial  Affairs, — The  bonded  debt  of  the  state  in  1890 
amounted  to  $135,500  (Agricultural  College  Fund),  bearing 
six  per  cei)t.  interest.  The  assessed  valuation  of  property 
was  $161,551,328. 

Commerce, — The  through  or  transit  shipments  by  rail 
between  the  West  and  Canada  on  the  one  band,  and  the 
ports  of  Boston,  Mass.,  and  Portland,  Me.,  on  the  other,  are 
very  great.  Burlington  has  an  immense  lumber-trade  with 
Canada,  and  is  the  great  centre  of  distribution  of  Canadian 
lumber  in  New  England.  There  are  custom-houses  at  Bur- 
lington and  Island  Pond.  Important  articles  of  export 
from  Vermont  are  butter,  cheese,  and  potatoes.  St.  Albans 
is  one  of  the  principal  butter-markets  in  New  England. 
Much  of  the  trade  of  Lake  Champlain  passes  by  canal  to 
Albany  and  the  Hudson  River. 

The  Couniies  number  14,  as  follows :  Addison,  Benning- 
ton, Caledonia,  Chittenden,  Essex,  Franklin,  Grand  Isle, 
I^moille,  Orleans,  Orangey  Rutland,  Washington,  Wind- 
h|im,  and  Windsor.  The  principal  cities  and  towns  (census 
of  1890)  are  Burlington,  on  Lake  Champlain  (pop.  14,590) ; 
Montpelier,  the  capital  (4160);  Rutland  (11,760),  Brattle- 
borough (6862),  Barre  (6812),  Bennington  (6391),  Col- 
chester (5143),  St.  Albans  (7771),  St.  Johnsbury  (6567), 
Rockingham  (4579),  and  Vergennes  (1773).  The  only  in- 
corporated cities  are  Burlington  and  Vergennes. 

Education. — Free  public  schools  are  maintained  by  means 
of  state  and  local  taxes  and  the  income  of  a  permanent 
sehool-fund.  There  are  state  and  town  superintendents, 
and  in  the  larger  towns  graded  and  high  schools  are  sus- 
tained. There  are  normal  schools  at  Castleton,  Randolph, 
and  Johnson.  There  are  also  many  private  and  denomi- 
national schools  and  academies.  The  University  of  Ver- 
mont, at  Burlington,  embraces  the  state  agricultural  col- 
lege and  a  school  of  medicine.  Norwich  University,  at 
Northficid,  makes  a  specialty  of  mathematics,  engineering, 
tnd  military  science.    Middlebury  is  the  seat  of  Middle- 


bury  College,  Montpelier  of  a  college  for  women,  knd  Pal 
fax  of  a  Baptist  theological  institute. 

Ooverument,  <frc.— The  governor,  the  principal  execuil, 
officers,  and  the  legislature  are  chosen  by  the  i>eoiite  \,\„ 
nially.  All  judges  are  elected  for  fixt-.l  loriiu  of  (crvi^ 
those  of  the  supreme  court  being  chosen  by  the  Icginl  u,,,. 
and  others  by  the  people.  Citizens  of  the  IJniiea  .S|  ,t, 
resident  for  one  year  in  Vermont,  and  of  quiet  and  i„',e, 
able  behavior,  are  entitled  to  vote.  VeruKint  neml*  i 
members  to  the  lower  house  of  Congress,  ami  in  ftuiii^i 
four  electoral  votes.  Among  the  public  inntilutiondnreil, 
state  prison  at  Windsor,  the  state  reform  school  nt  Vet 
gennes,  and  the  asylum  for  the  insane  at  llrattlobonmirh. 

History. — Vermont,  which  is  said  to  have  had  but  vcr 
few  i)ermanent  Indian  inhabitants,  was  first  lolili-d  b 
neople  from  Massachusetts,  who  built  Fort  Dmniner,  mn 
Brattleborough,  in  1724.  Many  of  the  early  settleri'iuul 
from  Connecticut.  Some  of  the  southern  towns  were  ili  ,r' 
terod  by  Massachusetts.  New  York  and  New  Hnmi.  !  , 
both  laid  claim  to  the  country,  and  the  King  ol  di.,, 
Britain  decided  in  favor  of  New  York.  Acts  of  hosiihn 
towards  the  Now  York  authorities  followed,  and  in  I"; 
the  people  declared  themselves  independent  and  drew  up  g 
state  constitution.  In  the  actions  at  Ticonderoga  aad 
Crown  Point,  and  at  the  battles  of  Bennington,  Stillwater, 
and  Hubbardton,  the  "  Green  Mountain  Boys"  vindicated 
their  patriotism  and  courage.  In  1791,  after  much  oiniuji.l 
tion  on  the  part  of  New  York,  Vermont  was  adniitte<l  tol 
the  Union,  the  first  state  received  in  addition  to  theori'i- 
nal  thirteen.  During  the  war  of  1861-65  the  troopj  "jf 
Vermont  well  sustained  the  ancient  reputation  of  tho 
"Green  Mountain  Boys,"  and  in  the  battle-mortality  roll 
she  ranked  as  the  second  among  the  loyal  states,  RaD8u< 
taking  the  lead. 

The  Population  in  1790  was  85,425;  in  1800,  154,4M- 
in  1810,  217,895;  in  1820,  235,981;  in  1830,  280,652;  in 
1840,  291,948;  in  1850,  314,120;  in  1860,315,098;  in  1S7U, 
330,551;  in  1880,  332,286;  in  1890,  332,442. 

Vermont,  a  post-village  in  Vermont  township,  Fulton 
00.,  III.,  on  the  Rockford,  Rock  Island  A  St.  Louis  Kail- 
road  where  it  crosses  a  branch  of  the  Chicngo,  Burlington 
A  Quincy  Railroad,  24  miles  N.  of  Beardstown,  and  15 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Rushville.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a 
banking-house,  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  bricki', 
carriages,  spokes,  and  tiles.  Pop.  in  1890,  1158;  of  the 
township,  2111.     Here  is  an  artesian  well  900  feet  deep. 

Vermont,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cooper  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Boonville  Branch  of  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  17J 
miles  S.  of  Boonville.     It  has  an  elevator  and  a  store. 

Vermont,  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.    See  Geruy. 

Vermont,  a  township  of  Dane  co..  Wis.    Pop.  1118. 

Vermont'ville,  a  post-village  in  Vermontville  town- 
ship, Eaton  CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Thorniipple  River,  and  on  the 
Grand  Rapids  division  of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad, 
48  miles  E.S.E.  of  Grand  Rapids,  and  about  28  niiiej 
W.S.W.  of  Lansing.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
a  bank,  a  union  school,  2  flouring-mills,  and  a  saw-mill. 
Pop.  544;  of  the  township,  1718. 

VermontviUe,  a  hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Franklin  township,  about  33  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Malone.  Il 
has  a  church,  a  foundry,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Vern,  vaiRn,  a  village  of  France,  in  Maine-et-Loir«, 
15  miles  N.W.  of  Angers.     Pop.  697. 

Ver'nal,  a  post-oflSco  of  Greene  co.,  Miss.,  about  40  milei 
N.W.  of  Mobile,  Ala. 

Vernaria,  the  ancient  name  of  Troia. 

Vernasca,  vfin-nis'ki,  a  town  of  Italy,  provinoo  of 
Piacenza.     Pop.  4487. 

Vernazza,  vfiu-nit'si,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Genoa,  on  the  side  of  a  rock  jutting  into  the  sea.  It  bai 
the  ruins  of  an  old  castle.     Pop.  2213. 

Vern'dale,  a  post-village  of  Wadena  co.,  Minn.,  on  th« 
Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  about  40  miles  W.  of  Brainerd. 

Verner,  Alleghany  co..  Pa.     See  Verona. 

Verneuil,  v6b^  nul',  a  town  of  France,  in  Eure,  on  the 
Avre,  24  miles  S.S.W.  of  Evreux.  Pop.  3267.  It  was  for- 
merly fortified,  and  has  a  church  with  a  lofty  tower,  a  cop 
per-foundry,  10  flour-mills,  and  a  ribbon-manufactory. 

Verneuil,  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute-Viennc,  on 
the  Vienne,  6  miles  W.N.W.  of  Limoges.  Pop.  of  com- 
mune, 2220. 

Vernon,  vfiR'niN"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Eure,  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  Seine,  here  crossed  by  a  fine  bridge,  and  on 
the  Paris  A  Havre  Railway,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Mantea- 
sur-Seine.  Pop.  6384.  It  was  formerly  fortified,  and  bai 
an  antique  church,  and  manufactures  of  cotton  cloth  and 
leather.    Near  it  is  the  forest  of  Vernon. 


VER 


2721 


VER 


i^er'non,  a  parish  in  the  W.  part  of  Louisiana,  border- 
i  on  Texas,  has  an  area  of  about  1540  square  miles.  It 
iiiounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Sabine  River,  and  drained  by 
Calcasieu  River,  the  Bayou  Lanacoco,  tlie  Rogue  Chitto, 
a  I  many  smaller  streams.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
Iirly  level,  and  presents  extensive  savannas,  or  plains 
ri  riy  destitute  of  forest  trees.  The  soil  is  adapted  to  piis- 
t  ige.  Capital,  Leesville,  situated  near  the  centre  of  the 
cnty.     Pop.  in  1880,  5100;  in  1890,  5903. 

^ernon,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Missouri,  hor- 
ding on  Kansas.  Area,  850  square  miles.  It  is  partly 
b  nded  on  the  N.  by  the  Osage  River,  is  intersected  by 
tl  Little  Osage,  and  also  drained  by  the  Marmiton  River 
II  Dry  Wood  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating  and  ex- 
t( lively  covered  with  forests  of  the  white  oak,  elm,  blue 
a;,  white  ash,  black  walnut,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is 
nitly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  cattle,  oats,  and  pork 
a:  the  staples.  Among  its  minerals  are  coal  and  carbo- 
s  rous  limestone.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Mis- 
Bci,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad  and  the  Missouri  Pacific 
Rlroad,  both  of  which  connect  with  Nevada,  the  capital. 
1'.  in  1870,  11,247;  in  1880,  19,369;  in  1890,  31,505. 

ernon,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Wisconsin,  bor- 
dij  on  Iowa  and  Minnesota.  Area,  800  square  miles.  It 
isbunded  on  the  W.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  intersected 
b'ihe  Kickapoo,  and  j)artly  drained  by  the  Bad  Axe  and 
Reoon  Rivers.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  much  of 
it  covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  oak,  sugar- maple,  and 
ctir  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  Indian  corn, 
hi,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  It  is  intersected  by 
th  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad  and  the  Clii- 
cai,  Burlington  &  Northern  Railroad.  Silurian  limestone 
uierlies  parr  of  this  county.  Capital,  Viroqua.  Pop.  in 
ISl),  18,645;  in  1880,  23,2.i5 ;  in  1890,  25,111. 

ernon,  a  station  in  Dalhis  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Alabama 
Ct.ral  Railroad,  about  18  miles  W.  of  Selma. 

ernon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lamar  co.,  Ala.,  on 
Yiow  Creek,  about  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Columbus,  Miss. 
It  as  several  churches,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  oflSce, 
an  manufactures  of  sorghum.  Pop.  about  300. 
ernon,  a  township  of  Sutter  co.,  Cal.  Pop.  799. 
ernon,  a  post-village  of  Tolland  co..  Conn.,  in  Vernon 
to  iship,  1  mile  N.  of  Vernon  Depot  of  the  New  York  & 
Ni  England  Railroad,  and  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Hartford. 
It  xs  a  high  school,  a  woollen-mill,  and  several  churches. 
Tl  township  contains  the  villages  of  Rockville,  Talcottville, 
EE  Vernon  Depot.     Pop.  of  township  in  1890,  8808. 

ernon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Del.,  about  24  miles 
S.y  W.  of  Dover. 

jernon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Washington  co.,  Fla., 
onliolmes  Creek,  about  100  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Tallahassee. 
Itks  3  churches. 

ernon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Troup  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Chat- 
talbcheo  River,  about  12  miles  W.  of  La  Grange. 
^rnon,  a  township  of  Lake  co.,  111.     Pop.  1259. 
teruon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  111.,  on  the  Illi- 
no|Centrai  Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of  Vandalia. 
ernon,  a  township  of  Hancock  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1963. 
jernon,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1508. 
fernon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jennings  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Vfflon  township,  on  the  Vernon  Fork  of  the  Muscatatuck 
Ri  r,  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Madison,  and  23  miles  S.E.  of 
Coknbus.     It  is  on  the  Madison  division  of  the  JefTerson- 
vi|  Madison  <fc  Indianapolis  Railroad,  and  2  miles  S.  of 
Ndh  Vernon,  which  is  on  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad. 
It  OS  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  an  academy,  and 
mtufactures  of  carriages,  <fec.     P.  673 ;  of  township,  2385. 
prnon,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Ind.     P.  1 101. 
brnon,  a  township  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa.     P.  1265. 
brnon,  a  township  of  Humboldt  co.,  Iowa.   Pop.  341. 
|3rnon,  a  post-village  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
S.  link  of  the  Des  Moines  River,  near  Bentonsport  Station, 
ab|t  36  miles  W.N.W,  of  Keokuk,  and  6  miles  S.E.  of 
Keauqua.     It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  woollen-factory,  and  a 
ch|eh.     Pop.  about  300  ;  of  Vernon  township,  822. 
brnon,  a  township  of  Wright  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  237. 
ii^rnon,  a  township  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Ar- 
kaias  River,  35  miles  S.S.E.  of  Wichita.     Pop.  755. 

&rnon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ness  co.,  Kansas,  30  miles 
N.tW.  of  Kinsley. 

jsrnon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jackson  parish,  La., 
abit  32  miles  W.S.W.  of  Monroe.  It  has  2  churches,  and 
a  Aool  for  girls. 

ernon,  a  townsliip  of  Isabella  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  575. 
^ruon,  a  post-village  in  Vernon  township,  Shiawassee 
oo.Mieh.,  on  the  Detroit  <fc  Milwaukee  Railroad,  84  miles 
B.iiB.  of  Owosso,  and  about  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Flint.   It 


has  3  churches,  a  union  school,  a  carriage-factory,  a  paper- 
mill,  a  stave-factory,  <tc.  Pop.  about  700.  The  township 
is  drained  by  Shiawassee  River,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1786. 

Vernon,  a  township  of  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn.     P.  675. 

Vernon,  a  post-hamlet  in  Vernon  township.  Dodge  co., 
Minn.,  about  22  miles  N.E.  of  Austin.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1014. 

Vernon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Miss.,  near  the 
Big  Black  River,  about  24  miles  N.  of  Jackson.  It  has  a 
church  and  2  schools. 

Vernon,  a  township  of  Clarke  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  902. 

Vernon,  a  post-village  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  in  Vernon 
township,  3  miles  N.  of  McAfee's  Valley  Station,  and  21 
miles  N.E.  of  Newton.  It  has  2  churches,  2  mills,  <tc.  The 
township  contains  also  Glenwood  village,  and  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  the  Wallkill  River.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1979. 

Vernon,  a  post  village  in  Vernon  township,  Oneida  co., 
N.Y.,  on  Skanandoa  Creek,  about  16  miles  W.  of  Utica.  It 
contains  3  or  4  churches,  an  academy,  a  national  bank,  a 
large  tannery,  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  391;  of  the  township, 
3013.  Here  is  a  remnant  of  the  Oneida  tribe  of  Indians. 
The  township  contains  the  village  of  Vernon  Centre. 

Vernon,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  0.     Pop.  1513. 

Vernon,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  0.     Pop.  988. 

Vernon,  a  hamlet  and  station  of  Richland  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Cleveland,  Columbus  &  Cincinnati  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  the  Northwestern  Ohio  Railroad,  6  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Crestline,  and  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Mansfield.  It  has 
a  tile-factory.     Here  is  Vernon  Junction  Post-Oflice. 

Vernon,  a  township  of  Scioto  co.,  0.     Pop.  1924. 

Vernon,  a  post-hamlet  in  Vernon  township,  TrurabuM 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Pymatuning  River,  about  18  miles  N.E.  of 
Warren,  and  12  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Sharon,  Pa.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  930. 

Vernon,  a  township  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1615. 

Vernon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyoming  co..  Pa.,  about  20 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Scranton.  It  has  2  churches  and  1  or  2 
saw-mills. 

Vernon,  a  post-office  of  Hickman  co.,  Tenn.,  about  44 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Nashville. 

Vernon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tooele  co.,  Utah,  40  miles 
S.W.  of  Lehi  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Vernon,  a  post-hamlet  in  Vernon  township,  W^indham 
CO.,  Vt.,  on  the  Connecticut  River  and  the  New  London 
Northern  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Brattleborough.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  764. 

Vernon,  a  post-hamlet  in  Vernon  township,  Waukesha 
CO.,  Wis.,  about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Milwaukee.  It  has  2 
churches.  The  township  is  drained  by  the  Fox  River.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1180. 

Vernon  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Vernon  township, 
Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  Blue  Earth  River,  about  21 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Mankato.     It  has  a  church. 

Vernon  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Vernon  township,  about  13  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Rome.  It  has 
2  churches. 

Vernon  Depot,  a  post-village  in  Vernon  township, 
Tolland  co..  Conn.,  on  the  New  York  <t  New  England  Rail- 
road, 12  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Hartford.  A  branch  railroad 
extends  from  this  place  northward  to  Rockville.     P.  356. 

Vernon  Fork,  Indiana,  runs  southwestward  through 
Jennings  CO.,  and  enters  the  Muscatatuck  River  in  Jackson 
CO.,  about  12  miles  S.E.  of  Brownstown. 

Vernon  Furnace,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Louisville  <fe  Great  Southern  Railroad,  9  milea 
S.W.  of  Clarksville.  It  has  an  iron-furnace,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  church. 

Vernon  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Halifax  co.,  Va.,  9 
miles  N.  of  News  Ferry  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Verno'nia,  a  post-office  of  Columbia  co.,  Oregon. 

Vernon  Isles,  three  islands  lying  in  the  centre  of  the 
W.  entrance  of  Clarence  Straits,  N.W.  of  Australia.  Lat. 
12°  5'  S.;  Ion.  131°  E. 

Vernon  Junction,  Richland  co.,  0.    See  Verxon. 

Vernon  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Fauquier  co.,  Va.,  7  miles 
S.  of  Salem  Station, 

Vernon  River,  or  OavI  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  in  Mor- 
row CO.,  runs  eastward  through  Knox  co.,  and  enters  the 
Mohican  River  in  the  W.  part  of  Coshocton  co. 

Vernon  River,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co..  Prince 
Edward  Island,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  14i  miles  from 
Charlottetown.     Pop.  125. 

Vernon  River  Bridge,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co., 
Prince  Edward  Isle,  on  Vernon  River,  14  miles  from  Char- 
lottetown.  It  has  a  ship-yard  and  several  sitores.  Pop.  150. 

Vernon  Springs,  a  township  of  Howard  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  752,  exclusive  of  Cresoo. 


\ER 


VER 


Ver'uonvillev  a  post-ofBco  of  Spartanburg  oo.,  S.C,  is 
at  Duncan's  Station  on  the  Atlanta  ttc  Uicluuond  Air-Lino 
Hailroad,  15  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Spartanburg. 

Ver'uuiivillef  a  post-village  in  Northumberland  co., 
OuUirio,  14  miles  N.  of  Qrafton.     Pop.  100. 

Vcruoux,  vdit'noo',  a  town  of  France,  dopartment  of 
Anliiuhe,  11  miles  N.  of  Privas.     Pop.  1519. 

Veriioye,  or  Wcrnoje,  vSr-nO'y^h,  a  town  of  Russia 
in  Asia,  capital  of  the  government  of  Sumiretchinsk,  about 
250  miles  W.  of  Kooldja.     Pop.  11,584. 

VerocZj  vi'rots',  VerOcze,  viVot's^h,  or  Verovi- 
lica  (Oor.  Werowilz,  vA.'ro-'^its''),  n  town  of  Auotro-llun- 
garv,  in  Slavonia,  65  miles  W.N.W.  of  Eszok.     Pop.  6601. 

Veroduniim,  the  ancient  name  of  Yekdun. 

Verola  Nuova,  v4-ro'l&  nwo'v&,  a  town  of  Italy,  in 
Lombardy,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Brescia.     Pop.  4206. 

Verola  Vecchiaf  v4-ro'l&  vdk'ke-&,  a  town  of  Italy, 
I  mile  W.  of  Verola  Nuova.     Pop.  2240. 

Vcroleugo,  vd.-ro-l6n'go,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont, 
17  miles  N.E.  of  Turin.     Pop.  of  commune,  5853. 

Vcroli;  vi'rA-loe  (ano.  Ver'tUa),  a  town  and  bishop's 
see  of  Italy,  province  of  Rome,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Frosinone. 
Pop.  3419.     Here  are  several  suppressed  convents. 

Vcromandui,  the  ancient  name  of  Vkumandois. 

Verona,  vi-ro'ni  (Fr.  VSrone,  \i,^ron' ;  anc.  Fero'wa), 
a  fortified  city  of  Italy,  capital  of  the  province  of  Verona, 
on  the  Adige,  here  crossed  by  4  bridges,  and  on  the  railway 
from  Milan  to  Venice,  22  miles  N.N.E.  of  Mantua.  Lat. 
45°  26'  N. ;  lou.  11°  1'  E.  Pop.  66,086.  Situated  near  the 
gorges  of  the  Tyrol,  and  surrounded  by  the  fortresses  of 
Peschiera,  Mantua,  and  Legnano,  Verona  has  always  been 
an  important  position  for  the  defence  of  North  Italy.  It 
is  enclosed  by  a  series  of  turreted  walls  and  fortifications 
which  are  among  the  most  remarkable  works  of  military 
engineering  in  Europe.  Its  garrison  is  capable  of  accom- 
modating 20,000  men.  From  its  fine  situation,  rich  histor- 
ical remains,  and  literary  institutions,  it  is  one  of  the  most 
interesting  cities  in  Italy.  The  principal  public  edifices  are 
the  church  of  St.  Zcno,  supposed  to  date  from  the  seventh 
century ;  the  cathedral,  built  in  the  ninth  century ;  the 
church  of  St.  Anastasia,  remarkable  for  its  size  and  its 
monuments  ;  the  church  of  St.  George,  noted  for  its  fine 
paintings ;  45  other  churches ;  two  magnificent  gates ;  the 
palace  of  the  Grand  Guardia  ;  the  palace  of  consigUo  ;  and 
the  custom-house.  It  has  many  noble  private  palaces.  Its 
antiquities  comprise  the  celebrated  Roman  amphitheatre,  a 
building  of  imposing  grandeur,  still  used  for  public  specta- 
cles, and  traces  of  a  Roman  theatre.  The  literary  institu- 
tions of  Verona  comprise  a  lyceum  with  fine  scientific  col- 
lections, episcopal  seminarj',  3  gymnasia,  a  school  of  paint- 
ing and  design,  academy  of  agriculture,  commerce,  and 
arts,  a  botanic  garden,  a  philharmonic  academy,  2  valuable 
public  libraries,  and  a  museum  with  remarkable  Etruscan 
inscriptions.  Verona  is  renowned  for  its  dye-works.  It 
has  manufactures  of  woollens  and  cottons,  numerous  silk- 
mills  moved  by  water-power,  and  an  extensive  trade  in  silk 
and  rural  produce.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop,  and  the  seat 
of  several  superior  courts  and  public  offices.  It  is  supposed 
to  have  been  founded  in  the  fourth  and  to  have  been  sub- 
jected to  the  Romans  in  the  second  century  before  the 
Christian  era.  It  rose  to  great  importance,  and  was  adorned 
with  numerous  magnificent  structures.  On  the  decline  of 
the  Roman  Empire  it  was  taken  by  the  Goths  and  made 
by  Theodoric  the  capital  of  his  empire.  In  774  it  was 
taken  by  Charlemagne,  and,  so  long  as  the  power  of  the 
emperors  in  Italy  lasted,  took  a  lead  among  the  Italian 
cities.  It  afterwards  became  an  independent  republic,  lost 
its  liberty,  passed  through  the  hands  of  various  masters, 
and  at  length,  weary  of  the  vicissitudes  to  which  it  had 
been  subjected,  voluntarily  ceded  itself  to  Venice,  under 
which  it  remained  till  1797.  During  the  French  domina- 
tion it  was  annexed  to  their  kingdom;  and  in  1866  it  was 
incorporated  with  the  present  kingdom.  It  was  the  birth- 
place of  Cornelius  Nopos,  Catullus,  the  elder  Pliny,  Paul 
Veronese,  and  many  other  distinguished  men.     Verona  is 

celebrated  for  the  beauty  of  its  environs. Adj.  and  in- 

hab.  Veuo.vese,  v5r^o-neez'  (It.  Veronese,  vi-ro-ni'sA). 

Verona,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Venetia,  partly  enclosed 
by  Tyrol  and  the  Lago  di  Garda.  Area,  1102  square  miles. 
Capital,  Verona.     Pop.  367,437. 

Verona,  v^-ro'na,  a  post-village  of  Grundy  co.,  III., 
in  Vienna  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Pckin  A  Southwestern 
Railroad,  70  miles  S.^V.  of  Chicago,  and  19  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Streator.  It  has  2  or  3  churohes  and  a  money-order 
post-office.     Poji.  about  300. 

Verona,  a  post-office  of  Poweshiek  co.,  Iowa. 

Verona,  a  post-village  of  Boone  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Louis- 


ville, Cincinnati  &,  Lexington  Railroad,  26  miles  S.B  '  » 
Cincinnati.  '  '  " 

Verona,  a  township  of  Hancock  co..  Mo.    poji  ;■ 

Verona,  a  town.ship  of  Huron  co.,  Mic-h.    Pop.  S 

Verona,  a  town»hi|)  of  Faribault  co.,  Minn.    1'  \ 

Verona,  a  post-village  of  Lee  oo.,  Miss.,  on  tlic  y\\\. 
k  Ohio  Uailroad,  4i  miles  S.  of  Tupelo.  It  ha»  2*  L 
naries,  2  uhurchos,  and  14  stores.     Pop.  in  18S0,  5Dr,  f 

Verona,  a  post-village  of  Lawrence  co.,  Mo.,  in  SiL 
River  township,  on  the  Atlantic  A  Pacific  Uailroad,  "A  iL, 
W.S.W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  a  graded  schocij,  .'i  cjjui  j, 
a  machine-shop,  2  grist-mills,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pup.  41  ' 

Verona,  a  post-village  in  Caldwell  townHliip,  Ksh>  I, 
N.J.,  7  or  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Newark.  It  has  a  chur  » 
brush-factory,  and  a  flour-mill.  'The  Newark  Ileforui  Sc  j| 
is  located  hero. 

Verona,  a  post-village  in  Verona  township, Oncidil, 
N.Y.,  1  mile  E.  of  Verona  Station  of  the  New  York  |.! 
tral  Railroad,  4  miles  E.N.E.  of  Oneida,  and  8i  miles  !•• 
of  Rome.  It  hiia  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  \mm\' 
Ac.  Pop.  229.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  WlJ 
Oneida  Lake  and  on  the  S.W.  by  Oneida  Creek,  and  ii . 
torsected  by  the  Erie  Canal  and  the  Central  Kailrdail.'i 
contains  Durhamville  and  New  London.     Pop.  54s;.    ' 

Veronn,  a  borough  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  tlio  t\. 
ghany  River  and  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  12  ii!i 
E.N.E.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  5  churches,  a  newspaper (p(i, 
an  academy,  a  paper-mill,  a  saw-mill,  the  Vcriinii   T 
Works,  a  round-house,  Ac.    Pop.  about  lOlJO.  Jhilt n 
name  of  its  post-office  and  station.     Verona  Stiition  ■  m 
same  railroad  is  10  miles  from  Pittsburg.  I 

Verona,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co.,  p8.J 
Concmaugh  Creek,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania  Roilroad^j 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Altoona.  It  has  about  20  bouMs  ami 
stave-factory.  1 

Verona,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co.,  Tenn.,  5  m:| 
N.E.  of  South  Berlin.  It  has  a  church,  and  a  grist-mill  1 
Rock  Creek.  | 

Verona,  a  post-office  of  Collin  co.,  Tes. 

Verona,  a  post-hamlet  of  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  on  the  V 
ley  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  5i  miles  N 
of  Staunton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-uiill. 

Verona,  apost-hamltjt  in  Verona  township,  Dane  0 
Wis.,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Madison.  It  has  2  cburclies.  P( 
of  township,  1039. 

Verona  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Huron  co.,  Mich. 

V6rone,  the  French  name  of  Veho.n'a. 

Veroqua,  Wisconsin.    See  Viroqua. 

Verovitica,  Austro-IIungary.     See  A'erocz. 

Ver'plank,  or  Verplanck's  Point,  a  post-vill.i 
of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Cortlandt  township,  on  I. 
Hudson  River,  3  miles  below  Peekskill,  40  miles  N.  of  N« 
York,  and  2  miles  from  Montrose  Station  of  the  HudK 
River  Railroad.  It  has  3  churches,  several  manufaclori 
of  bricks,  a  fine  public  school-house,  and  a  depot  of  tl 
Knickerbocker  Ice  Company.  It  exports  great' quanliti 
of  bricks  and  lime.     Pop.  1500. 

Verrader's  Island,  Pacific.    See  Traitor's  Isun 

Ver'ree's'  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Philadelphia  co 
Pa.  (a  branch  of  the  Philadelphia  post-office),  is  at  Vei 
reeville,  a  village  IJ  miles  W.  of  Bustleton  Station.  Tb 
village  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  manufactory  <l 
edge-tools. 

Verres,  vfiR'nis,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  19  mile 
E.  of  Aosta.     Pop.  1206. 

Ver'ret  Lake,  Louisiana,  is  in  Assumption  pariil 
about  2  miles  E.  of  Grand  River,  with  which  it  is  connect* 
by  a  short  outlet.     It  is  nearly  12  miles  long. 

Verrieres,  v6R*Re-aiR',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  mi* 
ton  of  Neufchatel,  on  the  French  frontier,  6  miles  B.  ol 
Pontarlier.     Pop.  1900. 

Verro,  or  Werro,  vSr'ro,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Liro 
nia,  on  the  Verro,  and  on  Lake  Tammula.  44  miles  S.8.E 
of  Dorpat.  Pop.  2010.  The  Canal  of  Verro  unites  th< 
Gulfs  of  Finland  and  Livonia. 

Verruchio,  vdu-noo'ke-o,  a  village  of  Italy,  provi«« 
of  Forii,  3  miles  N.AV.  of  San  Marino.        _  I 

Versailles,  v§r-silz'  (Fr.  pron.  vfiR'sill' or  v8R'»4'y?h);| 
a  city  of  France,  capital  of  the  department  of  8ein«-€t- 
Oise,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Paris,  with  which  it  comrounio»te»> 
by  lines  of  railway.  Lat.  48°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  2°  8'  E.  Pop., 
49,552.  It  is  divided  into  the  quarters  of  St.  Louis  and 
Notre  Dame,  to  which  Montreuil  is  att.ached,  and  is  re- 
markable for  the  elegance  and  regularity  of  its  construction. 
Versailles  is  justly  regarded  as  one  of  the  handsomest :own« 
in  Europe.  The  Place  Hoche  has  a  statue  of  GtacnU 
Uoche,  and  from  the  Place  du  Chateau  diverge  the  3  granj 


VER 


2723 


VES 


B7  ues  of  Paris,  St.  Cloud,  and  Sceaux,  finely  planted  with 
trtj.  The  chief  edifioos  are  the  church  of  St.  Louis,  the 
rrfcture,  the  chancery,  and  tlie  magnificent  Palace  of 
Vaailles,  now  used  as  an  historical  luuseuin,  with  its  ira- 
ratpe  galleries  freshly  decorated  and  containing  a  series  of 
]iii;tings  and  statues  arranged  in  chronological  order  from 
•  t.'liis  downwards.  Connected  with  the  j)alace  arc  a  superbly 
dejratcd  chapel  and  theatre,  an  orangery,  spacious  llower- 
gajens,  and  a  park,  in  which  are  numerous  statues  and 
spndid  fountains,  supplied  with  water  by  the  machine  of 
M&y,  and  at  the  e.vtremity  of  the  park  the  two  palaces 
ca»d  the  Great  and  Little  Trianon.  Versailles  is  a  bishop's 
if' and  has  a  national  college,  a  normal  school,  many 
foiitilic  and  literary  societies,  a  public  library  of  60,000 
v(i!mes,  and  a  chamber  of  commerce.  The  Palace  of  Ver- 
(;ac3,  built  by  Louis  XIV.,  was  from  1672  to  IT'JO  the 
iclence  of  the  Kings  of  France.  Many  treaties  have  been 
si:cd  here,  at  one  of  which,  in  17S3,  England  recognized 
iliLndepcndenceof  the  United  States  of  America  ;  and  here, 
01  he  20th  of  June,  1789,  the  representatives  of  the  com- 
mas of  France  constituted  the  national  assembly  and 
to  the  famous  oath  of  the  Jeu-de-Paume.  From  1790  to 
15T  Versailles  was  nearly  deserted,  but  since  the  opening 
oftic  museum  in  the  latter  year  it  has  regained  its  former 
inprtance.  In  1870  it  became  the  head-quarters  of  the 
Olnan  invaders,  and  here  the  German  Empire  was  pro- 
ol'iied.  In  1875  it  was  declared  the  legal  capital  of 
Finco,  which  it  continued  to  be  until  1879. 

ersailles,  v^r-sailz',  a  post-village  in  Sprague  town- 
si;,',  Ne»v  London  cc.  Conn.,  on  the  Shetucket  River  and 
th  Xew  York  &  New  England  Railroad,  13  miles  S.E. 
otVillimantic,  and  about  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Norwich.  It 
h;  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  cassimeres. 

crsailles,  a  post-village  in  Versailles  township.  Brown 
cc'Ill.,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  48  miles  E.  of  Quincy, 
ai|  30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Jacksonville.  It  has  3  churches. 
Ti  township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Illinois  River, 
pi.  of  the  township  in  1880,  1835;  of  the  village,  517. 

i.ersailles,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ripley  co.,  Ind., 
iri'ohnson  township,  on  Laughcry  Creek,  about  27  miles 
Noy  E.  of  Madison,  and  22  miles  W.  of  Aurora,  It  has  2 
cltrches,  a  newspaper  oflice,  and  a  money-order  post-office. 
p1.  495. 

'ersailles,  a  beautiful  post-town,  capital  of  Woodford 
CO  Ivy.,  is  about  14  miles  W.  of  Lexington,  14  miles  S.E. 
oprankfort,  and  5  miles  E.  of  the  Kentucky  River.  It 
ciStains  a  brick  court-house,  7  churches,  a  national  bank, 
a^anking-houso,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  an 
aidemy,  the  Cleveland  Orphan  Institute,  and  several  dis- 
tipries.  It  is  suppliecP  with  pure  water  issuing  from  a 
CJjB  or  natural  conduit  which  extends  under  the  founda- 
tifis  of  the  houses.     Pop.  in  1880,  2126. 

'ersailies,  a  ]:)Ost-village,  capital  of  Morg.an  co.,  Mo., 
alut  30  miles  S.E.  of  Sedalia,  and  40  miles  W.S.W.  of 
J  erson  City,  It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  a  high  school, 
4:hurches,  a  bank,  and  10  furnaces  for  smelting  lead. 
I'ge  quantities  of  lead  (galena)  are  mined  in  Morgan  co, 
l}>.  in  1880,  578. 

f'crsailles,  a  post-village  in  Perrysburg  township,  Cat- 
taugus  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Cattaraugus  Creek,  about  30  miles  S. 
bJW.  of  Bufialo,  It  has  water-power,  a  church,  and  2 
fltr-mills.     Pop.  about  300. 

'Versailles,  a  post-village  in  Wayne  township,  Darke 
c|  0.,  on  the  railroad  between  Sidney  and  Union  City,  17 
n'es  E.  of  Union  City,  It  has  a  bank,  a  money-order  post- 
obe,  a  newspaper  office,  4  churches,  Ac.  P,  (1880)  1163, 
.Versailles,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rutherford  co.,  Tenn., 
alut  30  miles  S.  by  E,  of  Nashville,  It  has  several 
caches  in  its  vicinity. 

V'ersailles,  v^r-sailz',  or  Soixaiite,  swi-zfiNt',  a  post- 
7,age  in  Iberville  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Stanstead,  Shefford 
•Sphambly  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of  St.  John.  Pop.  150. 
J^erschoyle,  v^r-shoil',  a  post-village  in  Oxford  co., 
Cpario,  6i  miles  S,  of  IngorsoU.  Pop.  175. 
*ersecz,  Versetz,  Werschetz,  vSa'shJls',  orVer- 
fjhitz,  v^it'shits*,  a  fortified  town  of  the  Hungarian  Uanat, 
cjand  41  miles  S.  of  Teraesvar.  Pop.  19,643.  It  is  the 
R  of  a  Greek  bishop,  and  has  a  college  and  cavalry  bar- 
r  ks.  In  its  vicinity  large  quantities  of  wine,  silk,  and 
i»  are  raised. 

Vershire,  v^r'sheer,  a  post-vilhage  in  Vershiro  town- 
t  p.  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  6  or  7  miles  S.E.  of  Chelsea,  and  about 
Ij  miles  S.S.E.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  2  churches.  The 
tjrnship  has  mines  of  copper,  which  employ  about  300 
Jin,     Pop.  of  the  township,  1140. 

Versinold,  ffiiis'inolt,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia, 
J' miles  E.N.E.  of  Miinster,     Pop.  1486. 


Versovah,  vfir-so'vA,  a  town  of  India,  14  miles  N.  of 
Bombay,  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  island  of  Salsette. 

Vertaison,  vfiBHi-zftN"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy -de- 
Dome,  9  miles  E.  of  Clermont-Ferrand,     Pop.  2005. 

Vertou,  v^R^too',  a  village  of  France,  in  Loiro-Infcri- 
ure,  near  the  Sevre-Nantaise,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Nantes,  P.  737. 

Vertus,  Les,  li  vflrtHii',  a  town  of  Frarce,  department 
of  Marno,  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Chaions-sur-Marne.  P,  2371. 

Verulaj,  the  ancient  name  of  Vkroli. 

Vervick,  or  VVerwicq,  vfiR'vik,  a  town  of  Belgium, 
in  West  Flanders,  on  the  Lys,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Yprcs.  It 
has  tobacco-manufactures  and  linen-weaving.     Pop,  6797, 

Verviers,  v5iiVe-d',  a  town  of  Belgium,  province  iind 
14  miles  E.  of  Liege,  on  the  railway  to  Cologne,  and  on  the 
Vesdro.  Pop.  32,381.  It  has  celebrated  manufactories  of 
woollen  cloth  and  yarn,  for  which  various  steam  and  water 
mills  are  employed;  it  has  also  dyeing-  and  soap-works, 
breweries,  &e. 

Vervil'la,  a  post-village  of  AVarren  co.,  Tenn.,  3  miles 
from  Morrison  Station,  It  has  3  churches,  a  masonic  high 
school,  and  manufactures  of  flour  and  lumber. 

Vervins,  vSu'viso'  (anc.  Vervi'mim,  or  Verbi'ntim),  a 
town  of  France,  department  of  Aisne,  22  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Laon.  Pop.  2889,  It  has  a  tribunal  of  commerce,  a  col- 
lege, and  manufactures  of  tricots  and  cotton  fabrics.  In 
1598  a  treaty  of  peace  was  concluded  here  between  Henry 
IV.  and  Philip  II.  of  Spain, 

Vcrzuolo,  v^u-zwo'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont, 
province  and  3  miles  S.  of  Saluzzo.     Pop.  3981, 

Vescovana,  vfis-ko-vi'nil,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Padua, 
8  miles  S.E.  of  Este.     Pop.  3783. 

Vescovato,  vds-ko-vi'to,  a  town  of  Northern  Italy,  8 
miles  N.E.  of  Cremona.     Pop.  2242. 

Vesdre,  vSsd'r,  a  river  of  Rhenish  Prussia  and  the 
Belgian  province  of  Liege,  joins  the  Ourthe  3  miles  S.E. 
of  Liege,  after  a  W.  course  of  45  miles,  past  Limbourg  and 
Verviers.     Its  valley  is  highly  picturesque. 

Vesegonsk,  v4-si-g6nsk',  written  also  Wessje- 
gonsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  134  miles  N.E. 
of  Tver.     Pop.  35S6. 

Vesle,  orVele,  vail  or  v51,  a  river  of  France,  depart- 
ments of  Marne  and  Aisno,  after  a  N.E.  course  of  65  milea, 
past  Reims,  joins  the  Aisno  6  miles  E.  of  Soissons, 

Vesontio,  the  ancient  name  of  Bksasijos. 

Vcsoul,  VQh-zool',  a  town  of  France,  c.ipital  of  the  de- 
partment of  Haute-Saone,  at  the  foot  of  a  vine-clad  height, 
the  Motte-de-VesouI,  near  the  Durgeon,  an  afiluent  of 
the  Saone,  27  miles  N.  of  Besanyon.  Lat.  47°  38'  N. ;  Ion. 
6°  10'  E.  Pop.  9097.  It  has  a  li/cee  or  college,  a  normn] 
school,  a  public  library,  and  manufactures  of  calicoes,  caps, 
and  leather. 

Ves'per,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Kansas. 

Vesper,  a  post-hamlet  in  Tully  township,  Onondaga 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  1 8  miles  S.  of  Syracuse.     It  has  2  churches. 

Vesper,  a  post-office  of  Clatsop  co.,  Oregon. 

Vesper,  a  post-village  in  Seneca  township.  Wood  co., 
Wis.,  9  miles  N.W,  of  Centralia.  It  has  a  large  lumber 
mill. 

Vcsprim,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Veszprim. 

Vest,  a  post-office  of  Phelps  co..  Mo. 

Ves'ta,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co.,  Neb.,  9  miles  W. 
of  Tecumseh,  and  about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Nebraska  City, 

Ves'taburg,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Montcalm  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Chicago,  Saginaw  &  Canada  Railroad,  16 
miles  W.  of  St.  Louis, 

Ves'tal,  a  post-village  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Vestal 
township,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  about  9  miles  W,  of 
Binghamton,  and  i  mile  S.  of  the  Erie  Railroad.  It  has  a 
church  and  about  40  houses.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2026. 

Vestal  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Vestal  township, 
Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Choconut  Creek,  7  miles  S.W,  of 
Binghamton.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  saw-mill. 

Ves'tel,  a  post-office  of  Deer  Lodge  co.,  Montana. 

Vestervik,  a  seaport  town  of  Sweden.    See  Wkstrrvik, 

Vest's,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  N.C.,  13  miles  W. 
of  Murphy. 

Vesunna,  an  ancient  name  of  Perigceux, 

Vesuvius,  ve-su'vl-us  (It,  Veauvio,  vd-soo've-o),  a 
celebrated  mountain  of  South  Italy,  and  the  only  active 
volcano  of  any  consequence  on  the  continent  of  Europe,  on 
the  E.  side  of  the  Bay  of  Naples,  Lat,  of  crater,  40°  49'  N. ; 
Ion.  14°  26'  E.  It  ri.ses  out  of  a  fertile  and  luxuriant  plain 
to  the  height  of  3948  feet  above  the  sea,  the  diameter  of 
the  circular  area  occupied  by  it  and  Monte  Somma  being 
about  8  miles.  Its  lower  part  is  a  sloping  plain,  covered 
with  stones  and  scoriae,  3  miles  in  length,  and  rising  to 
2000  feet,  above  which  a  cone  of  black  stones  extends  to 


TBfe 


8724 


VIA 


8600  foet.  It  is  flanked  on  the  Innd-slde  by  Monte  Sorania, 
an  abrupt  circular  preoipioo.  Ttio  Buininit  of  its  cone  is 
2000  feet  in  diauietur,  and,  after  the  eruption  of  IS'AV,  had 
in  its  centre  a  orator  1500  feet  in  diauietcr  and  ftOO  feet 
deep.  Soinma  and  Vesuvius  arc  very  different  in  tiicir 
geological  formation:  the  former  consisits  of  loucito,  por- 
phyry, tufa,  and  roclts  containing  shells  ;  Vosuvius*  is  almoiit 
wholly  composed  of  lava  and  scorias.  Around  it  large  num- 
bers of  simple  minerals  have  been  discovered,  and  the  vegc- 
t<tblo  products  on  its  flanks  comprise  many  plants  not  found 
elsewhere  in  Italy.  The  famous  wino  Luyrimn  Chrinti  is 
raised  oa  its  sides.  The  earliest  eruptions  of  Vesuvius  are 
lost  in  remote  antiquity,  and  no  symptoms  of  its  activity 
had  been  evinced  within  the  memory  of  man  till  A.n.  63, 
when  an  earthquake  damaged  many  of  the  surrounding 
cities.  In  79  it  again  began  to  show  symptoms  of  activity, 
and  immediately  thereafter  sent  forth  the  terrible  eruption 
which  buried  the  cities  of  Herculaneum,  Pompeii,  and 
Stabiae.  A  succession  of  eruptions  followed,  more  especi- 
ally in  203,  472,  512,  and  993,  but  were  not  attended  with 
any  flow  of  lava,  the  ejected  matter  consisting  apparently 
only  of  stones,  ashes,  or  volcanic  sand,  and  fragments  of 
older  lava.  The  first  recorded  discharge  of  liquid  lava  took 
place  in  1036.  Since  then  various  eruptions,  some  of  them 
extremely  violent,  have  occurred.  Among  others  may  be 
speoitied  those  of  1779,  1794,  1834,  1838,  1847,  1850,  1855, 

1858,  1861,  1867-68,  1872,  and  1876. Adj.  Vesuvian, 

ve-su've-an. 

Vesuvius,  ve-su'vl-us,  a  station  in  Lawrence  co.,  0., 
on  the  Iron  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Ironton. 

Veszprim,  Vesprim,  vSs'prim^  or  Wesprim,  *4s'- 
prim\  a  town  of  West  Hungary,  capital  of  a  county,  on  the 
Bed,  60  miles  S.W.  of  Buda.  Pop.  12,002.  It  is  the  see 
of  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop,  and  has  a  fine  cathedra],  an 
episcopal  palace,  Piarist  and  Roman  Catholic  colleges,  and 
a  brisk  trade  in  salt,  corn,  wine,  potash,  and  glass. 

Veszprim,  or  Wesprim,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part 
of  Hungary.  It  is  occupied  in  the  S.  by  part  of  Lake  Bala- 
tony.     Pop.  201,431. 

Vet'eran,  a  township  of  Chemung  co.,  N.Y.     P.  2373. 

Vetiooga,  Vetlouga,  or  Vetluga,  v5t-loo'g4,  writ- 
ton  also  Betluga  and  Wetluga,  a  river  of  Russia,  chiefly 
in  the  governments  of  Kostroma  and  Nizhnee-Novgorod, 
flows  S.,  past  Vetlooga,  and  joins  the  Volga,  after  a  course 
of  300  miles. 

Vetlooga,  Vetlonga,  Vetluga,  or  Betlnga,  a 
town  of  Russia,  government  of  Kostroma,  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Vetlooga,  75  miles  E.  of  Makariev.     Pop.  3939. 

Ve'to,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co..  Miss. 

Veto,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  0.,  12  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Marietta. 

Veto,  a  post-hamlet  of  Giles  co.,  Tcnn.,  on  the  lino 
between  Alabama  and  Tennessee,  and  on  the  Nashville  <fc 
Decatur  Railroad,  about  44  miles  S.  of  Columbia. 

Vetralla,  vi,-trai'14,  a  town  of  Italy,  7  miles  S.W.  of 
Vitcrbo.     Pop.  3741. 

Vetschau,  ffit'shSw,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Branden- 
burg, 44  miles  S.W.  of  Frankfort.     Pop.  2278. 

Veules,  Tul,  a  town  of  France,  in  Seine-Inffirieure,  on 
the  English  Channel,  13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Dieppe. 

Veurne,  a  town  of  Belgium.     See  Furnes. 

Vevay,  ve-vi'  or  v?h-v4,'  (Ger.  Vivi»,  vee'vis),  a  town 
of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Vaud,  on  the  Lake  of  Geneva,  11 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Lausanne.  Pop.  7887.  The  church  of  St. 
Martin  contains  the  tomb  of  the  regicide  Ludlow,  who 
died  hero  in  exile.  It  has  manufitctures  of  leather,  wool- 
lens, and  jewelry,  and  a  trade  in  wine. 

Vevay,  ve-va',  a  post-village,  capital  of  Switzerland 
CO.,  Ind.,  in  Jefierson  township,  is  finely  situated  on  the 
Ohio  River,  20  miles  above  Madison.  It  has  5  churches, 
a  national  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  manufactures  of 
chairs,  cigars,  furniture,  and  woollen  goods.  It  was  settled 
in  1813  by  a  company  of  Swiss  emigrants.  Hay  and  onions 
are  the  chief  articles  of  export.     Pop.  in  1880,  1884. 

Vevay,  a  township  of  Ingham  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  2597. 

Vcxio,  a  town  of  Sweden.     See  Wexio. 

Veyle,  vil,  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  the  department 
of  Ain,  flows  first  N.,  and  then  W.,  and  joins  the  Saone  a 
little  below  Ma.con,  after  a  course  of  about  65  miles. 

Vezeer-  (or  Vezir-)  Kopri,  vi-zeer'-ko'pree,  or 
Kedikalah,  kk'dee-kk'lL,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  42 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Samsoon.  Pop.  5000.  It  is  divided  into 
quarters  by  intersecting  walls,  and  has  a  tolerable  bazaar. 

Vezelay,  veh-z^h-li',  a  town  of  France,  in  Yonne,  8 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Avallon.  It  was  the  birthplace  of  Theo- 
dore de  Beza  and  Vauban.  St.  Bernard  preached  the  crusade 
to  the  parliament  of  Vezelay  in  1145. 


V6zfere,  viV.aiu',  a  river  of  France,  in  Corr»»e  am 
Dordogne,  joins  the  Dordogne  20  miles  E.  of  Beruene 
after  a  S.W.  course  of  100  miles.  * 

V62^re,  Haute,  hot  vi'zaiu',  a  river  of  Franco  de 
partuients  of  Corrcze  and  Dordogne,  joins  the  Iilc  6  uilec 
E.  of  P6rigueux,  after  a  S.W.  courco  of  50  uiilen. 

Vezon,  v9h-z6N«',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  liainaut  ^ 
miles  W.  of  Mens.     Pop.  1781.  '  * 

Vczouze,  v?h-iooz',  a  river  of  Franco,  in  Mcurthd 
rises  in  the  Vosges  Mountains,  flows  W.,  and  joini  tht 
Mcurthe  at  Lun6ville.     Total  course,  45  miles. 

Vezza,  vSt'si,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  66  milM 
N.E.  of  Bergamo,  on  the  Val-Graiide.     Pop.  1S5U. 

Viacula,  India.     See  Bbaci;ll. 

Viadana,  ve-il-d4'ni.  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Mantua,  on  the  Po,  21  miles  S.W.  of  Mantua.  Pop.  6453. 
It  has  linen-factories. 

Viadeiro8,vo-&-di,'e-roco,  a  mountain-range  of  Br&iil 
province  of  Goyaz.  ' 

Viagrande,  ve-1-grln'di,  a  town  of  Sicily,  7  niilci 
N.P].  of  Catania,  on  the  slope  of  Mount  Etna.     Pop.  22Si(. 

Via  Mala,  ve'i  mi'li  ("  bad  or  difficult  way"),  a  deep 
defile  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Orisons,  along  the  Upiier 
Rhine,  between  Chur  and  the  SplUgcn,  about  4  inilcs  in 
length,  and  walled  in  by  precipices  in  some  plocea  I6U0 
feet  in  height. 

Viamfto,  ve-i-m6w.v>',  a  lake  of  Brazil,  province  of  Itio 
Grande  do  Sul.  It  stretches  from  N.  to  S.  over  a  large 
space  between  the  mouth  of  the  Jacuby  and  the  Luke  uf 
Patos,  and  receives,  besides  the  Jacuhy,  other  streams. 

Viamfto,  a  village  of  Brazil,  province  of  Kio  Urunde; 
do  Sul,  on  the  E.  shore  of  the  above  lake,  about  12  uiilia 
E.S.E.  of  Porto-Alegrc. 

Viana,  ve-i'ni,  or  Viana  do  Castcllo,  a  scnimrt 
town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Minho,  at  the  uiouth  of  tlio 
Lima,  40  miles  N.  of  Oporto.  Pop.  8871.  It  is  cncloscii 
by  turreted  walls,  and  has  a  harbor  defended  by  batteries, 
an  active  coasting-trade,  a  fishery,  and  a  large  annual  lair. 

Viana,  ve-4'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Navarre,  near  tho 
Ebro,  45  miles  S.W.  of  Pamplona.  Pop.  2979.  It  bai 
manufactures  of  coarse  woollens  and  hats. 

Vianen,  ve-i'n^n,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  South 
Holland,  on  the  Lock,  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Utrecht.    P.  3259. 

Vianna,  ve-in'ni,  a  town  and  parish  of  Portugal,  prov- 
ince of  Alemtejo,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Evora,  near  the  Juraiua. 
Pop.  3984. 

Vianos,  ve-i'noce,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Cantilo, 
province  and  about  45  miles  from  Albacete.     Pop.  I6;)l. 

Viar,  ve-au',  a  river  of  Spain,  rises  near  Montcinolin, 
province  of  Badajos,  flows  about  TO  miles  S.E.,  and  joini 
the  Guadalquivir  at  Cantillana,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Seville. 

Viareggio,  ve-A-rdd'jo,  a  seaport  town  of  Central  Italy, 
13  miles  W.  of  Lucca,  on  the  Mediterranean,  with  9371  in- 
habitants, a  harbor  defended  by  a  fort,  and  cxiwrt  trade  io 
statuary  marble.     It  is  a  favorite  watering-place. 

Viasma,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  V'^iazma. 

Viatka,  or  WJatka,  ve-ifki,  a  river  of  Russia,  trav- 
ersing all  the  centre  of  the  government  to  which  it  gives 
name,  rises  17  mile?  N.  of  Glazov,  flows  N.W.  and  S.,  and 
joins  the  Kama  in  the  government  of  Kazan,  after  a  course 
of  600  miles. 

Viatka,  or  VVjatka,  a  large  government  of  European 
Russia,  in  its  E.  part,  between  lat.  55°  30'  and  60°  N.  and 
Ion.  46°  and  54°  E.,  having  N.  Vologda,  E.  Perm,  W.  Kos- 
troma,  and  S.  Nizhnee-Novgorod,  Kazan,  and  Orenboorg, 
from  which  last  it  is  separated  by  the  Kama.  Area,  5'J,114 
square  miles.  Pop.  2,740,953,  comprising  many  Tartar 
tribes  and  about  50,000  Mohammedans.  Its  E.  part  ii 
covered  with  the  extreme  ramifications  of  the  Ural  .Moun- 
tains ;  surface  elsewhere  undulating  or  level.  A  surplus  of 
corn  over  home  consumption  is  raised.  Principal  crops,  rye, 
barley,  and  oats,  with  some  wheat,  and  pease,  lentils,  flaXi 
and  hemp.  The  climace  is  too  severe  for  fruits  to  ri|ien,  and 
potatoes  are  grown  only  in  gardens.  Forests  of  fir,  oak, 
elm,  and  birch  are  very  extensive.  Cattle-rearing  is  ol  Icp3 
importance  than  agriculture.  Furs,  tar,  iron,  nnd  copper 
are  the  chief  products.  Manufactures  are  incrciising; 
there  lately  were  about  60  woollen,  linen,  and  other  fiic- 
tories  for  woven  goods  in  the  government.  Paper,  soap, 
potash,  leather,  and  copper- wares  are  made;  fire-arms  are 
manufsictured  at  Sarapool,  and  at  Viatka  anchors,  gun- 
carriages,  and  iron  machinery  on  a  large  scale.  The  ex- 
ports are  corn,  timber,  and  manufactured  goods.  The  im- 
ports comprise  salt,  tea,  and  other  Asiatic  produce. 

Viatka,  or  Wjatka,  a  city  of  Russia,  the  capitixl  oi 
the  above  government,  on  the  Viatka,  near  the  '"""*  ^ 
the  Tcheptsa.     Lat.  58°  24'  N.j  Ion,  50°  E.    Pop.  24,004. 


VIA 


•2725 


VIC 


I^as  2  convents,  diocesan  and  high  schools,  gymnasium, 
eensive  distilleries  and  iron-worlcs,  and  is  the  great  centre 
oihe  commerce  of  the  government. 

Hatlsk,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Velsk. 

^iaur,  ve-ou',  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  the  depart- 
irit  of  Avcyron,  flows  circuitously  S.W.,  forms  part  of 
tl  boundary  between  the  departments  of  Tarn  and  Avey- 
rd  and  joins  the  Aveyron.     Length,  60  miles. 

fiaznia,  or  Viasnia,  ve-iz'mi,  a  town  of  Russia, 
gJcrnmcnt  and  100  miles  E.N.E.  of  Smolensk,  on  the 
V|zina,  an  affluent  of  the  Dnieper.  Pop.  11,637.  It  has 
2:bhurche3  and  convents,  several  schools,  and  a  trade  in 
lijn,  hemp,  linseed,  and  hempseed.  The  French  were 
ditoted  here  by  the  Russians,  October  22,  1812. 

I'iazniki,  or  VViasiiiki,  ve-ds-nee'kee,  a  town  of 
Rsia,  78  miles  E.  of  Vladimeer,  on  the  Kliasma.  Pop. 
4<Sl.     It  has  manufactures  of  linens  and  leather. 

','ib'bard,  a  post-village  of  Ray  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  St. 
JOph  division  of  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern 
Rjlroad,  2o  miles  N.W.  of  Lexington. 

i'ibinuin,  the  ancient  name  of  Bovixo. 

iibo,  an  ancient  name  of  BivosA. 

j'ibo,  an  ancient  name  of  Montklkone. 

iiboldoue,  ve-bol-do'ni,  or  Vicoboldone,  vc-ko- 
bcido'nd,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  8  miles  from 
J]i!in,  between  the  Lambro  and  the  Olona. 

;iborg,  or  Wiborg,  vee'bouc,  a  town  of  Denmark, 
oijthe  small  lake  of  Viborg,  .36  miles  N.W.  of  Aarhuus. 
P',  6422.  It  has  a  cathedral,  manufactures  of  woollen 
fajics,  cards,  leather,  and  tobacco,  and  is  a  bishop's  see. 

jiborg,  Wiborg,  Wyborg,  vec'boug.  or  Vibourg, 
v<booKg,  written  also  Wibiirg  and  Vyborg  (Finnish, 
IWjun,  ^U-poo'ree),  a  seaport  town  of  Finland,  capital 
of.  government,  on  a  deep  inlet  of  the  Gulf  of  Finland, 
7-)'ailes  N.W.  of  St.  Petersburg.  Pop.  12,009.  It  consists 
of|.he  town  proper  and  the  St.  Petersburg  and  Viborg 
sujirbs.  The  citadel  is  built  on  the  site  of  the  original 
toll,  founded  by  the  Swedes  in  1293.  Viborg  has  a  college 
arl  a  female  school,  and  an  active  export  trade.  In  its 
viiiiity  is  the  park  of  Monrepos,  a  favorite  holiday  resort 
of'he  inhabitants. 

[iborg,  a  government  of  Russia,  in  Finland,  on  the 
Gf  of  Finland.    Area,  16,623  square  miles.    Pop.  278,754. 

iibraye,  vce'bri',  a  town  of  France,  in  Sarthe,  25 
mss  E.  of  Le  Mans.     Pop.  1531. 

ficalvaro,  ve-kil-v4'ro,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  New 
Cijile,  province  and  about  4  miles  from  Madrid,  with 
fii,alabaster-quarries.     Pop.  2412. 

iicarello,  ve-k4-r5rio  (anc.  V7'cii«  Anre'Ui?),  a  vil- 
la! of  Central  Italy,  near  the  N.  side  of  the  Lake  of  Brac- 
ciJo,  with  ruins  of  an  imperial  villa  of  the  time  of  Trajan, 
ar  mineral  waters  (the  ancient  Titer' m«  Anre'lisef], 

,icari,  ve-kA,'ree,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  and  49 
m?is  S.S.E.  of  Palermo.     Pop.  4328. 

ic'ar's  Switch,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Va., 
one  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad,  5  miles  W.S.W. 
ofi'hristiansburg. 

ic  en  Bigorre,  veek  6n»  bee'gon',  a  town  of  France, 
in|(aute3-Pyrenees,  11  miles  N.  of  Tarbes.     Pop.  3472. 

'icenza,  ve-sfin'za  or  ve-ch6n'zJ,  (anc.  Vicen'tia),  a 
oil!  of  Italy,  capital  of  the  province  of  Vicenza,  on  the 
Bwhiglione,  40  miles  W.  of  Venice,  with  which  it  commu- 
niftes  by  railway.  Lat.  45°  32'  N. ;  Ion.  11°  33'  E.  Pop. 
27;94.  It  is  enclosed  by  dry  moats  .and  decaying  walls, 
bt'it  has  many  handsome  cdilices,  built  by  Palladio,  a 
n.i;ve  of  the  city.  Its  public  buildings  comprise  a  cathe- 
dr  and  several  other  churches,  episcopal  and  numerous 
ot;r  palaces,  a  city  hall,  a  theatre,  a  triumphal  arch  lead- 
inito  the  Campo  Marzo,  lyceum,  clerical  seminary,  orphan 
as^um,  and  several  hospitals.  It  has  a  public  library,  2 
gVnasia,  a  society  of  agriculture,  and  manufactures  of 
sil  woollen,  and  linen  fabrics,  hosiery,  hats,  paper,  porce- 
la'  and  earthenware,  leather,  gold  and  silver  articles, 
Ai!  with  a  brisk  trade  in  its  manufactures,  in  timber,  corn, 
nr^other  agricultural  produce.  Vicentia,  after  being  pil- 
•a(d  successively  by  Alaric,  Attila,  the  Lombards,  and  the 
eueror  Frederick  II.,  came  early  in  the  fifteenth  century 
in;  the  possession  of  the  Venetians,  who  held  it  till  the 

dunfall  of  their  republic  in    1796. Adj.  and  inhab. 

V^^NTiNB,  ve-s6n-teen'  ( [t.  Vicentino,  ve-eh5n-tee'no). 

licenza,  a  province  of  Italy,  in  Venetia.  bordering  on 
thjTyrol.     Area,  1041  square  miles.     P.  (is'85)  419,403. 

lie  Fezcnsac,  veek  fi'z6N<>V.8.k',  a  town  of  France, 
in'ers,  on  the  Losse,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Auch.  Pop.  3000. 
Itas  manufactures  of  chemicals,  leather,  and  wine. 

'ich,  vik,  or  Viqiie,  veek  (anc.  Ausona,  afterwards 
Fit«.?l,  a  city  of  Spain,  province  and  37  miles  N.N.E.  of 


Barcelona.  Pop.  13,712.  It  has  a  cathedral  with  some 
curious  architecture  and  which  in  the  tenth  century  was 
the  metropolitan  see  of  Catalonia,  and  manufactures  of 
linen,  hempen,  printed  cotton,  and  coarse  woollen  fabrics. 
It  is  famous  for  its  sausages. 

Vichada,  ve-chi'ni,  a  river  of  the  United  States  of 
Colombia,  flows  E.  through  the  great  N.  plain  of  South 
America,  and  joins  the  Orinoco,  after  a  course  of  200  miles. 
Vichera,  a  river  of  Russia.  See  Visheha. 
Vichy,  vee'shee',  or  Moutiers-lcs-Baiiis,  moo'te- 
i'-li-biN"  (anc.  A'qnm  Cal'idte),  a  town  of  France,  in  Allier, 
1  mile  W.  of  Cusset,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Allier.  It 
has  mineral  springs,  well-frequented  baths,  hotels,  and 
lodging-houses,  2  hospitals,  and  a  fine  park.  The  hatha 
were  known  to  the  Romans.     Pop.  6154. 

Vick'ery's  Creek,  Georgia,  runs  southwestward 
through  Milton  co.,  and  enters  the  Chattahoochee  River 
about  20  miles  N.  of  Atlanta. 

Vickery's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Forsyth  co.,  Ga., 
on  a  creek  of  the  game  name,  about  32  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
Atlanta.     It  has  2  churches. 

Vick'eryville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich., 
about  40  miles  N.W.  of  Lansing.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
lumber-mill. 

Vick'ner  Bayou,  bi'oo,  a  post-office  of  Ascension 
parish,  La. 

Vicks'biirg,  a  township  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas.   P.  392 

Vicksburg,  a  post-hamlet  in  Allen  township,  Jewell 
CO.,  Kansas,  about  16  miles  S.E.  of  Jewell  Centre. 

Vicksburg,  a  post-village  in  Brady  and  Schoolcraft 
townships,  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.,  on  a  small  lake,  near  Por- 
tiige  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  Lake  Huron  Railroad  where 
it  crosses  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad,  6  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Schoolcraft,  and  13  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Kalamazoo. 
It  has  a  newspaper  oflice,  a  bank,  2  churches,  a  graded 
school,  2  flour-mills,  2  planing-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  (1880)  784. 

Vicksburg,  a  post-office  of  Renville  co.,  Minn. 

Vicksburg,  the  largest  city  of  Mississippi,  and  the 
capital  of  Warren  co.,  is  situated  on  the  Mississippi  River, 
about  1  mile  below  the  mouth  of  the  Yazoo,  and  400  miles 
above  New  Orleans.  It  is  45  miles  AV.  of  Jackson,  with 
which  it  is  connected  by  the  Vicksburg  A  Meridian  Rail- 
road, and  is  the  E.  terminus  of  the  Vicksburg,  Shreveport 
&  Texas  Railroad,  the  trains  of  which  cross  the  river  by  a 
ferry-boat.  Its  site  is  elevated  and  uneven.  Vicksburg  is 
a  port  of  entry,  and  has  an  extensive  trade.  About  90,000 
bales  of  cotton  are  shipped  here  in  a  year.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  4  churches  for  freedmen,  6  other  churches,  2 
banks,  printing-offices  which  issue  2  daily  and  3  weekly 
newspapers,  5  grammar-schools,  a  manufactory  of  railroad- 
cars,  gas-works,  and  several  iron-foundries.  It  is  the  N. 
terminus  of  the  Mississippi  Valley  <fc  Ship  Island  Railroad. 
Pop.  in  1860,  4591;  in  1880,  11,814.  During  the  civil 
war  Vicksburg  was  strongly  fortified  by  the  Confederates, 
who  repulsed  several  times  the  land  and  naval  forces  of  the 
Union;  but,  after  a  long  siege.  General  Pemberton  surren- 
dered  the  place  to  General  Grant,  July  4,  1863. 

Vicksburg,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Union  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Lewisburg  Centre  <fe  Spruce  Creek  Railroad,  5  milei 
S.W.  of  Lewisburg. 

Vicks'ville,  a  poet-office  of  Southampton  co.,  Va. 

Vic-le-Comte,  veek-I§h-k6Nt,  a  village  of  IT  ranee,  in 
Puy-de-Dome,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Clermont.     Pop.  2134. 

Vico,  vee'ko,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Foggi.a,  on 
Monte  Gargano,  14  miles  W.  of  Viesti.  Pop.  76S2.  It  has 
manufactures  of  woollens  and  wax  candles,  and  a  trade  in 
wine,  olives,  and  saff'ron. 

Vico,  ve'ko,  a  town  of  Corsica,  17  miles  N.  of  Ajaccio. 
Pop.  1406. 

Vicoboldone,  a  village  of  Italy.    See  Viboi.done. 

Vico  Equense,  vee'ko  d-kw5n'sA  (anc.  E'qunf),  a 
town  of  Italy,  province  and  16  miles  S.E.  of  Naples,  on  a 
headland  in  the  Bay  of  Naples.     Pop.  of  commune,  11,208, 

Vicomariuo,  vee^ko-ma,-ree'no,  a  village  of  Italy,  17 
miles  S.W.  of  Piaccnza.     Pop.  of  commune,  5154. 

Viconago,  ve-ko-ni'go,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
and  27  miles  from  Como.  It  has  mines  of  argentiferous 
lead,  copper,  and  antimony. 

Viijosa,  ve-so's4,  or  Com  eta,  ko-mi't.\,  a  town  of 
Brazil,  province  and  140  miles  W.  of  Ceard,  in  the  Scrra 
Ibiapaba.      The  most  of  the  inhabitants  are  Indians. 

Vicovaro,  ve-ko-vi'ro  (anc.  Va'ria),  a  town  of  Italy, 
6  miles  N.E.  of  Tivoli. 

Vic'tor,  a  post-village  of  Iowa  and  Poweshiek  cos., 
Iowa,  in  Hartford  and  Warren  townships,  on  Bear  Creek, 
and  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  <t  Pacific  Railroad,  12i 
miles  AV.S.W.  of  Marengo.     It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a 


VIC 


2726 


VIC 


money-order  post-offlco,  a  bank,  4  churches,  and  a  high 
wheel.     I'op.  In  1880,  691. 

Victor,  a  post-oflBce  of  Mitchell  co.,  Kansas. 

Victor,  a  post-hatnlet  in  Victor  township,  Clinton  CO., 
Mich.,  on  Loolting  Glii*s  River,  and  on  the  Saginaw  di- 
rision  of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  about  H  miles  N.E. 
of  Lansing.     Top.  of  the  township,  968. 

Victor,  a  nost-township  of  Wright  co.,  Minn.,  about  40 
miles  W.  of  Minneapolis.  It  contains  4  churches.  Pop. 
1076.  Howard  Lake  Station  on  the  St.  Paul  k  Pacillo 
Railroad  is  in  the  N.  part  of  this  township. 

Victor,  a  post-villnge  in  Victor  townsnip,  Ontario  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  Auburn  Branch  of  the  New  York  Central  Rail- 
road, 18  miles  S.E.  of  Rochester,  and  9  miles  N.W.  of  Can- 
andaigua.  It  has  6  churches,  a  union  school,  a  bank,  a 
foundry,  an<l  a  distillery.   Pop.  506 ;  of  the  township,  2648. 

Victor  Centre,  a  post-oflice  of  Dc  Kalb  co..  111.,  about 
25  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Aurora. 

Victoria,  vik-to're-a  (formerly  called  the  Port  Phil- 
lip District,  or  Southern  District  of  New  South 
Wales,  from  which  colony  it  was  separated  July  1,  1851),  a 
British  colonial  territory  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Australia,  com- 
prised within  hit.  34°  and  39°  S.  and  Ion.  141°  and  150°  E.; 
bounded  \V.  by  the  141st  meridian,  beyond  which  is  South 
Australia,  S.  by  Bass's  Strait  to  Cape  Howe,  N.  by  New 
South  Wales,  separated  from  it  by  the  Murray  River  east- 
ward to  its  source,  and  thence  by  a  straight  line  to  Capo 
Howe.  The  country  has  a  triangular  shape,  with  the  apex 
at  Cape  Howe,  and  the  W.  boundary,  as  a  line  of  base,  ex- 
tending 275  miles.  The  length  from  Cape  Howe  to  this 
boundary  is  490  miles,  and  the  average  breadth  150  to  200 
miles.  Area,  88,198  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1851,  77,345; 
in  1861,  548,944;  in  1871,  730,198;  in  1881,  862,346.  This 
increase  of  population  is  unprecedented  in  the  annals  of 
British  colonies,  the  gold  discoveries  and  general  success  of 
the  colony  having  attracted  a  continuous  stream  of  emigrants 
for  several  j'ears.  The  colony  has  a  coast-line  600  miles  in 
length,  but  there  are  few  harbors  except  Port  Phillip.  It  is 
very  generally  covered  with  grass,  and  either  open  or  over- 
spread with  open  forests.  Towards  the  E.  is  a  con-sidcrable 
alpine  region,  whence  issue  the  source  and  chief  tributaries 
of  the  Murray.  The  highest  of  those  ranges,  the  Austra- 
lian Alps  (called  farther  W.  the  Australian  Pyrenees), 
rises  in  Jlount  Kosciusko  to  7285  feet,  the  highest  land  in 
Australia;  N.  of  this  is  a  lofty  group,  containing  Mount 
Hotham,  6414  feet  above  the  sea.  In  the  Grampians,  to 
the  westward.  Mount  William  rises  to  4500  feet.  There  are 
many  volcanic  hills  throughout  the  western  districts.  The 
chief  river  is  the  Murray,  whose  main  stream  flows  from 
the  Australian  Alps.  From  the  S.  flow  into  the  Murray 
those  rivers  that  drain  the  Victoria  territory, — Mitta  Mitta, 
Ovens,  Goulburn,  Campaspe,  Loddon,  Avoca,  and  Wimmera, 
which  last,  after  passing  Lakes  Hindmarsh  and  Albacutya, 
loses  itself  in  the  sand  and  scrub,  except  when  its  upper 
waters  are  swollen  with  heavy  rains.  The  other  rivers  are 
the  Snowy  River  and  several  streams  of  Gippsland,  flowing 
into  its  lake-system;  the  Yarra  Yarra,  passing  Melbourne; 
the  Barwon,  passing  Geelong;  and  the  Glenelg,  at  the  W. 
boundary.  Gippsland  is  a  maritime  region  extending  180 
miles  W.  from  Cape  Howe,  and  comprising  several  lagoons 
known  as  the  Gippsland  Lakes.  The  climate  is  reckoned 
the  finest  in  the  entire  Southern  hemisphere,  and  is  fully 
equal  to  that  of  Lisbon.  Mean  annual  temperature  of  Mel- 
bourne, 67°  F;  spring,  57°;  summer,  66°;  autumn,  58°; 
winter,  49°.  The  coldest  period  of  the  year  is  from  July  20 
to  24,  when  the  thermometer  stands  at  44°,  while  the  lowest 
temperature  ever  experienced  is  32°.  Occasionally  during 
the  hot  winds  of  January  the  temperature  rises  to  111° 
in  the  shade.  Cattle-raising  is  extensively  carried  on,  and 
the  colony  has  been  very  successful  in  introducing  foreign 
animals  :  camels,  alpacas,  llamas,  Cashmere  goats,  and  Brit- 
ish birds  are  now  abundant,  and  salmon  are  bred  in  the 
rivers.  The  imports  in  1842  amounted  to  £277,427;  in 
1885  they  amounted  to  £18,044,604.  The  quantity  of  wool 
exported  in  1861  was  23,923,195  pounds,  and  in  1885, 
83,200,613  pounds.  The  total  exports  in  1885  were 
.£15,551,758,  and  the  tonnnge  of  vessels  entering  and  clear- 
ing ports  of  the  colony  was  respectively  1,631,266  and 
1,628,892  tons.  The  approximate  revenue  for  1885-86  was 
£6,416,405,  and  the  expenditures  £6,605,901.  At  the  end 
of  June,  1886,  the  public  debt  amounted  to  £30,127,882. 

The  minerals  comprise  gold,  silver,  iron,  tin,  antimony, 
and  coal ;  but  the  extraordinary  richness  of  the  gold-fields 
has  prevented  much  attention  being  paid  to  the  other  min- 
eral products.  The  coal-fields  occupy  an  area  of  about  3000 
square  miles,  chiefly  in  Gippsland  and  Portland  Bay  dis- 
trict and  in  the  vicinity  of  Geelong.     Iron  ore  is  plentiful, 


•specially  at  Sandhurst;  tin  in  the  Ovens  district.  ,, 
auriferous  districts  of  Victoria  extend  over  about  I  jjo 
square  miles,  but  of  this  wide  area  only  a  smiill  pulj, 
worked.  The  total  value  of  the  gold  raised  in  Victoiia  L 
1851  to  1885  is  estimated  at  £214,912,000.  In  roligiousB'in 
there  are  no  national  establishments;  but  formerly  tlip! 
of  £50,000  was  annually  distributed  out  of  the  i;pi™| 
revenue  for  the  advnnccment  of  the  Christian  rfliglcjl 
Victoria  to  all  the  Christian  sects,  proportioned  to  iil 
lation.  This  custom  was  abolished  in  1875.  There  i 
university  at  Melbourne,  with  its  two  affiliated  pollt 
(Church  of  England  and  Presbyterian),  on  a  costly  e  , 
a  national  museum,  and  a  very  largo  public  library.  1^ 
colony  is  divided  into  24  counties  and  3  districts,  the  liU 
being  the  interior  parts  as  yet  unreduced  into  ccmn 
The  chief  towns  are  Melbourne  and  Gecbng,  and 
smaller  but  incorporated  towns  of  llallurat,  Snmllii 
Castlemaine,  Boechworth,  Portland,  Kyncton,  Ac,  U. 
and  railroads  are  being  extensively  constructed.  In  the 
1861  121  miles  of  railway  had  been  opened,  and  in  1 
the  number  of  miles  opened  was  1743;  length  of  tclcgr 
lines,  3949  miles.  In  1855  Victoria  was  granted  tclt'-i 
ernment.  The  ballot  system  and  manhood  suffrage  h 
been  enacted.  The  governor  is  of  imperial  norainatidti,  | 
is  assisted  by  the  colonial  parliament,  which  consifts  ( 
council  and  assembly,  the  first  elected  by  a  property  qu 
fication  as  to  voter  and  member,  the  second  without  citi 

Victoria,  a  town  of  Algeria.    See  Mascara. 

Victoria,  vik-to'rc-a,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  To 
has  an  area  of  about  800  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
the  Guadalupe  River.  Lavaca  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  G'. 
of  Mexico,  touches  the  S.E.  part  of  the  county.  The  i 
face  is  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  » 
woodlands.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cattle,  grass,  and  Ind 
corn  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Victoria.  Valunt 
of  real  and  personal  estate,  $1,231,405.  Pop.  in  1870,  48' 
of  whom  4000  were  Americans  ;  in  1880,  6289.  It  it  in 
ersod  by  the  Gulf,  Western  Texas  k  Pacific  Railroad. 

Victoria,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coffee  co.,  Ala.,  21  mile* 
of  Troy.     It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

Victoria,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  111.,  in  Victor 
and  Copley  townships,  about  36  miles  N.W.  of  Peoria,  ai 
18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Galcsburg.  It  has  3  churches.  I'o 
about  300  ;  of  Victoria  township,  1190. 

Victoria,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  385. 

Victoria,  a  post-office  of  Ellis  co.,  Kansas,  on  tl 
Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of  Hays  City.  He 
is  the  English  Victoria  Colony,  and  a  large  estate  owned  1 
the  late  George  Grant,  a  Scotch  gentleman.    P.  (1880)  :t)', 

Victoria,  a  township  of  Rice  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  1)00. 

Victoria,  a  hamlet  of  Daviess  co..  Mo.,  3  miles  froi 
Winstonville  Railroad  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Victoria,  Missouri.    See  Victouia  Station. 

Victoria,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co..  Neb.,  8  miles  S.  o 
South  Bend. 

Victoria,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Tenn.,  about 
miles  by  rail  N.  of  Jasper.     Pop.  648. 

Victoria,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Victoria  co.,  Tex. 
on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Guadalupe  River,  and  on  the  Gulf 
Western  Texas  k  Pacific  Railroad,  38  miles  N.W.  of  Indian, 
ola,  and  about  100  miles  (direct)  E.S.E.  of  San  Antonio.  Il 
has  a  newspaper  office,  8  churches,  2  banking-houses,  a  con- 
vent, several  hotels,  a  steam  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  It! 
prosperity  is  chiefly  derived  from  trade  and  the  naviga- 
tion of  the  river.  Many  cattle  are  exported  from  thil 
place.     Pop.  2534. 

Victoria,  a  county  of  New  Brunswick,  in  the  N.  part 
of  the  province,  bordering  on  Maine  and  on  Quebec.  Area, 
3490  square  miles.  The  surface  is  rolling  and  varied,  but 
rcm.arkably  fertile,  even  to  the  tops  of  the  hills.  The 
county  is  drained  by  the  St.  John,  St.  Francis,  Madawa.«kB, 
and  Tobique  Rivers,  besides  numerous  other  streams.  The 
route  of  the  Fredericton  k  Riviere  du  Loup  Railway  trav- 
erses it.     Capital,  Grand  Falls.     Pop.  11,641. 

Victoria,  a  county  of  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  island  r,f 
Cape  Brecon,  between  the  cos.  of  Cape  Breton  and  Inver- 
ness. Area,  1200  square  miles.  The  N.W.  part  is  moun- 
tainous, and  scantily  settled  ;  the  S.W.  is  better  "d«P*f* 
for  agriculture,  and  the  soil  is  good  in  many  parts.  The 
county  abounds  in  minerals,  coal,  iron,  salt,  and  building- 
stone.     Capital,  Baddeck.     Pop.  11,346. 

Victoria,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Ontario,  nc«r 
Lake  Simcoe.  Area,  1305  square  miles.  It  contains  sev- 
eral small  lakes,  and  is  intersected  by  two  railroads.  Capi- 
tal, Lindsay.     Pop.  30,200. 

Victoria,  a  town  of  Canada,  the  capital  of  Britisn 
Columbia,  is  situated  near  the  S,E.  extremity  of  Van'^ouve) 


VIO 


2727 


VIE 


llnd,  143  miles  from  Olympia  (Pugot  Sound),  and  3000 
ujcs  from  Montreal.  Lat.  48°  25'  20"  N. ;  Ion.  12.3°  22' 
3i'  W.  The  surroundings  of  Victoria  are  singularly  beau- 
ti'.l.  Three  miles  distant  is  the  harbor  of  Esquimalt, 
o'  of  the  finest  on  the  Pacific  coast,  and  the  AV.  terminus 
oihe  Canada  Pacific  Railway.  The  city  has  some  good 
gi;ets,  with  fine  driven,  over  excellent  roads,  in  various 
d'lotions.  Adjoining  the  town  a  largo  extent  of  ground 
h'  been  reserved  for  a  public  park.  This  picturesque 
Idlity,  known  as  Be.acon  llill,  borders  on  the  strait.  Here 
i:  lie  public  race-course  and  cricket-ground.  On  the  out- 
B  Its  of  the  town  are  many  attractive  residences,  .and  every 
c;ago  displays  its  pretty  garden.  There  are  many  neat 
nl  substantial  buildings,  among  them  the  provincial  offices, 
t!  churches,  a  synagogue,  Christ  Church  cathedral,  the 
/geUi  College  for  young  ladies,  the  St.  Anne's  Convent 
n^  Orphan  School,  the  masonic  building,  the  mechanics' 
iititute,  Bunk  of  British  North  America,  the  St.  Nicholas 
I[tcl,  Alhambra.  and  Driard  House,  a  public  hospital,  and 
aheatre.  Various  public  buildings  are  to  be  erected  by 
t;  Dominion  government.  Two  daily  and  2  weekly  nows- 
pers  are  published  in  Victoria.  The  city  is  supplied 
vjh  gas  and  water.  Victoria  contains  about  40  siures,  4 
Ihveries,  2  distilleries,  an  iron-foundry,  a  soap-factory,  2 
gh-factories,  2  tanneries,  a  ship-yard,  2  lumber-yards,  <fec. 
]!p.  4540. 

Victoria,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  co..  New  Bruns- 
»';k,  on  the  river  St.  John,  7i  miles  from  Woodstock. 
Victoria,  Lambton  co.,  Ontario.     See  Florence. 
Victoria,  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario.     See  Ix.nisfil. 
Victoria,  a  post-villago  in  Queens  co..  Prince  Edward 
];and,  at  the  mouth  of  Crapaud  River,   23   miles  from 
torlottetown.     Pop.  200. 

yictoria,  a  town  of  the  British  colony  of  Hong-Kong, 
iietching  for  4  miles  along  its  N.  coast,  and  having  chapels, 
(finese  schools,  and  numerous  storehouses  and  European 
(tellings.    See  Hong-Kong. 

.Victoria,  the  capital  and  chief  settlement  of  the  British 
jTind  of  Labuan,  Malaj'  Archipelago,  at  the  S.E.  end  of 
ip  isl.and.  It  contains  the  government  buildings,  and  has 
fair  harbor. 

Victoria,  the  modern  appellation  of  Mab6,  the  capital 
i.vn  of  the  Seychelles  Islands,  Indian  Ocean. 
Victoria,  North  Australia.     See  Port  Essington. 
Victoria,  a  river  of  Northeast  Australia,  discovered  in 
46  by  Sir  T.  Mitchell,  and  found  flowing  westward  in  lat. 
°  14'  S.,  Ion.  144°  34'  E. 
Victoria,  Mexico.    See  NaETO  Santandbr. 
Victoria,  veek-to're-S,,  a  town  of  the  Argentine  Repub- 
I,  in  Entre  llius,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Uruguay.     It 
,s  some  trade  and  a  population  of  4526. 
Victoria,  or  Conquista,  kon-kees'tl,  a  town  of  Bra- 
i,  in  Bahia,  80  miles  S.E.  of  Uruba. 

'Victoria,  a  maritime  town  of  Brazil,  capital  of  the 
jovince  of  Espirito  Santo,  270  miles  N.E.  of  Rio  Janeiro, 
bp.  5000.  It  stands  on  the  W.  side  of  an  island  in  the 
iiy  of  Espirito  Santo,  is  neatly  built  in  the  old  Portuguese 
wle,  and  has  a  governor's  residence  and  a  harbor  defended 
'f  several  forts.  Its  vicinity  produces  rice,  manioc,  sugar, 
■Id  bananas,  in  which  goods  it  has  an  active  coasting- 
jade.  Frigates  can  sail  up  to  the  town. 
Victoria,  or  La  Victoria,  a  town  of  Venezuela, 
rovinco  and  35  miles  S.W.  of  Caracas. 
I  Victoria  Bridge,  a  hamlet  in  Annapolis  co.,  Nova 
potia,  at  the  mouth  of  Bear  River  in  Annapolis  Basin, 
^i  miles  from  Annapolis. 

I  Victoria  Harbor,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  Nova 
potia,  on  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  15  miles  from  Berwick. 
I  Victoria  (or  Alexandri'na)  Lake,  in  South  Aus- 
•alia,  is  between  lat.  35°  6'  and  35°  35'  S.  and  Ion.  139° 
pd   139°  45'    E.,  and   opens   southwestward  by  a  short 

Iussage  into  Encounter  Bay.  Length  and  breadth,  about 
h  miles  each.  On  its  N.W.  side  it  receives  the  Murray 
'iver,  of  which  it  is  an  expansion;  it  also  receives  the 
remcr  and  Finnis  Rivers,  is  connected  southeastward  with 
ake  Albert  by  a  strait  5  miles  long,  and  contains  Hind- 
arsh  Island.  Its  navigation  is  safe,  but  access  from  the 
pa  is  impeded  by  a  sand-bar  at  the  mouth  of  the  strait. 
i  Victoria  Lake,  Central  Asia.    See  Sir-i-Kol. 

Victoria  Land,  the  name  given  to  the  supposed  Ant- 
,rctic  continent  discovered  by  Sir  James  Ross  in  1841.  Its 
hores  were  seen  and  partly  explored  from  lat.  70°  to  79°  S. 
fear  its  N.  extremity,  in  Ion.  168°  12'  E.,  are  Mount  Erebus, 
n  active  volcano,  elevation  12,400  feet,  and  Mount  Terror, 
0,900  feet.  The  position  of  the  S.  magnetic  polo  was  also 
seertained  by  Ross  to  be  in  lat.  75°  5'  S.,  Ion.  154°  8'  E. 
Victoria  Land»  an  insular  tract  of  British  North 


America,  N.  of  lat.  68°  N.,  and  extending  from  about  Ion. 
103°  to  110°  W.  It  is  separated  from  the  North  American 
continent  on  the  S.  by  Deaso  Strait,  and  from  Boothia 
Felix  on  the  E.  by  Victoria  Strait.  It  was  discovered  and 
named  by  Simpson,  and  explored  by  Dr.  Rne  in  1851. 

Victoria  Mines.     See  Low  Point  Shore. 

Victoria  Nyan'za,  a  lake  of  East  Africa,  between  lat. 
2°  25'  S.  and  0°  20'  N.  and  Ion.  31°  35'  and  34°  40'  E., 
3800  feet  above  the  sea.  This  lake,  discovered  by  Captain 
Speke  in  1858,  is  the  principal  feeder  of  the  White  Nile, 
which  issues  from  its  N.  side  by  Napoleon  Channel  and 
Ripon  Falls.  Circumference,  890  miles.  It  was  circum- 
navigated by  Stanley  in  1875. 

Victoria  River,  of  North  Australia,  joins  the  Indian 
Ocean  by  the  wide  estuary  Queen's  Channel,  East  Cam- 
bridge Gulf,  lat.  14°  46'  S.,  Ion.  129°  21'  E.,  the  estuary 
between  Turtle  and  Pearco  Points  being  26  miles  in  width. 
Opposite  its  mouth  are  several  islands;  its  banks  are  bold 
and  often  steep,  and  it  is  said  to  be  navigable  for  vessels 
of  largo  burden  for  at  least  60  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Victoria  Road,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co.,  Ontario, 
on  Urass  River,  and  on  the  Toronto  &  Northern  Railway, 
79  miles  N.  of  Toronto.  It  contains  a  church,  3  stores,  2 
hotels,  a  saw-mill,  &c.   There  are  6  saw-mills  in  the  vicinity. 

Victoria  Square,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario, 
5  miles  N.E.  of  Richmond  Hill.   It  has  3  stores.    Pop.  200. 

Victoria  Station,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co..  Mo., 
on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  <k  Southern  Railroad,  39 
miles  S.  by  AV.  of  St.  Louis.     It  has  a  church. 

Victoria  Strait,  a  broad  arm  of  the  sea,  in  the  Arctio 
regions,  separating  Victoria  Land  and  Prince  of  Wales  Land 
on  the  W.  from  Boothia  Felix  and  North  Somerset  on  the 
E.  It  communicates  N.  by  Ommaney  Inlet  with  Barrow's 
Strait  W.  of  the  entrance  to  AVellington  Channel. 

Victoria  Village,  on  the  N.  side  of  Conception  Bay, 
Newfoundland,  is  6  miles  from  Carbonear.     Pop.  200. 

Victoriaville,  Quebec.    See  Arthabaska  Station. 

Vic'tory,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Oa.,  1 1  miles 
S.W.  of  Carrollton.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 
Pop.  about  40. 

Victory,  a  township  of  Guthrie  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  587. 

Victory,  a  post-hamlet  in  Victory  township.  Mason  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Little  Sable  River,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Luding- 
ton,  and  about  6  miles  from  Lake  Michigan.  It  has  a  saw- 
mill.    Pop.  of  township,  421. 

Victory,  a  post-village  of  Cayuga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Victory 
township,  about  20  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Auburn,  and  3  miles 
W.  of  the  Southern  Central  Railroad.  It  has  3  churches. 
Pop.  170  ;  of  the  township,  1946. 

Victory,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Tenn. 

Victory,  a  post-township  of  Essex  co.,  Vt.,  about  12 
miles  N.E.  of  St.  Johnsbury.     Pop.  263. 

Victory,  a  post-village  of  Vernon  co..  Wis.,  on  the 
Mississippi  River,  about  24  miles  S.  of  La  Crosse.  It  has 
a  saw-mill,  a  planing-mill,  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Victory  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Saratoga  township,  on  Fish  Creek,  about  33  miles  N.  of 
Albany.  It  contains  a  church,  a  machine-shop,  and  a  large 
cotton-factory.     Pop.  in  1880,  1120. 

Vicus  Aquensis.    See  Bagnkres-de-Bigorur, 

Vicns  Si>aconim,  Spain.    See  Vigo. 

Vid,  veed,  or  Urak,  oo-rdk'  (?)  (anc.  U'tnti,  or  AtusT), 
a  river  of  Bulgaria,  rises  in  the  Balkan,  near  the  sources  of 
the  Isker  and  Maritza,  flows  N.N.E.,  and  joins  the  Danube 
8  miles  W.  of  Nicopolis.     Total  course,  130  miles. 

Vidalia,  vi-da'le-a,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Concordia 
parish.  La.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  opposite  Natchez,  at 
the  terminus  of  the  Vidalia  &  Western  Railroad.  It  has  a 
newspaper  office  and  3  churches.     Pop.  in  1880,  440. 

Vidasoa,  a  river  of  Europe.    See  Bidassoa. 

Vidauban,  veeMo'bftN"'  (anc.  Fo'rum  Vocon'tii f),  a 
village  of  France,  department  of  Var,  7  miles  S.S.W.  wf 
Draguignan.     Pop.  2415. 

Vidette,  vi-dett',  a  post-office  of  Fulton  co..  Ark. 

Vidigueira,  ve-de-gA'e-rS,,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in 
Alcmtejo,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Beja.     Pop.  2976, 

Vidigiilfo,  ve-de-gool'fo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province 
and  7  miles  N.  of  Pavia,  on  the  Lambro.     Pop.  1553. 

Vidin,  a  town  of  Bulgaria.     See  Widin. 

Vidogara,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Avu. 

Vidombak,  vee'dom'bok',  or  Wcidenbach,  fti'd?n- 
biK\  a  villiige  of  Transylvania,  4  miles  from  Kronstadt,  on 
a  stream  of  the  same  name.     Pop.  1204. 

Vidourle,  veeMoonl',  a  river  of  Prance,  departments 
of  Gard  and  Hdrault,  enters  the  lagoon  de  Repausset  1 1 
miles  E.  of  Montpellier,  after  a  S.  and  W.  course  of  40  miles. 

Vie,  vee,  a  river  of  France,  department  of  Vendfjo,  ri^ei 


VIE 


2728 


VIE 


6.  of  Belleville,  and  flows  N.  Into  the  Atlantic,  wliich  it 
enters  at  Saint-GillcR-eur-Vie,  after  a  course  of  .'{()  miles. 

Vie,  a  river  of  Fninee,  in  Orno  and  Calvados,  flows  30 
miles  N.W.,  and  joins  the  Dives  13  miles  E.  of  Caen. 

Vicchlaclif  fooK't&K,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  44  miles 
N.W.  of  I'assau.     Pop.  1278. 

Vicille-Vigno,  vo-ii'-veeR,  a  village  of  Franco,  dc- 
pnrtment  of  Loiro-Inf6rieuro,  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Nantes, 
on  the  left  bunk  of  the  Ognon.     Pop.  of  commune,  3626. 

Vieil-Salin,  a  town  of  Bulgiuin.     Sec  Alt-Salh. 

Vicja  Culifbraia.    Sec  California,  Lowkr  or  Old. 

VieJHHf  ve-.\'iids,  a  post-oflice  of  San  Diego  co.,  Cal. 

V  iele,  vee'l^h,  a  post-oBico  and  station  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Keokuk  it  St.  Paul  Railroad,  and  near  the  Burling- 
ton &  Southwestern  Railroad,  fi  miles  W,  of  Fort  Madison. 

Vicuna,  vo-en'na  (Ucr.  Wien,  *een  ;  Fr.  Vieiitie,  ve- 
4nn' ;  Sp.  ri'e»i>i,  ve-A'ni;  Dutch,  Wecuen,  ^k'n^n;  L.  and 
It.  Vienna,  ve-dn'ni ;  anc.  Vindubo'iui),  a  celebrated  city 
of  Europe,  capital  of  A ustro- Hungary,  situated  about  2 
miles  from  the  main  stream  of  the  Danube,  but  traversed 
partly  by  nn  arm  or  branch,  which  bears  the  name  of  the 
Viennese  Danube  (serving  the  purpose  of  a  canal),  and 
partly  by  an  insignificant  stream,  called  the  Wien,  or 
V'ienna.  which  empties  itself  into  this  arm  of  the  river,  390 
miles  W.N.W.of  iVIihin,  i:i7  miles  N.W.  of  Pcsth,  340  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Berlin,  380  miles  E.S.E.  of  Frankfort-on-the- 
Main,  and  650  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Paris.  The  site  is  480 
feet  above  sea-level.  Lat.  48°  12'  32"  N. ;  Ion.  16°  23'  E. 
Pop.  in  1880,  1,103,857.  The  situation  of  the  city  is  tolor- 
.  ably  healthy,  but  the  climate  is  very  variable ;  fogs  are  fre- 
quent, and  the  islands  and  lower  parts  of  the  city  are  ex- 
posed to  inundations.  It  is  an  archbishop's  see,  and  the 
residence  of  the  Protestant  superintendent  for  the  W.  prov- 
inces of  the  empire.  Prior  to  1863  it  wiis  divided  into  the 
inner  city  and  34  suburbs,  but  it  now  consists  of  the  city 
proper  and  8  suburbs,  viz.,  Leopoldstadt,  Landstrasse, 
Wicden,  Margarethen,  Mariahilf,  Neubau,  Josephstadt,  and 
Alsergrund.  In  addition  to  these  there  are  18  suburbs 
beyond  the  lines  immediately  connected  with  the  city  and 
under  the  supervision  of  the  Vienn.a  police.  In  1827  it 
contained  only  1229  houses,  while  its  34  suburbs  contained 
74 1 5.  The  greatest  increase  of  population  took  place  from 
1857  to  1875,  during  which  time  the  inhabitants  increased 
in  number  from  476,222  to  1,001,999.  The  city  proper, 
bounded  by  the  Iling-Strasse  and  the  Franz-Joseph  Quai, 
is  not  only  the  centre  of  business,  but  contains  most  of  the 
principal  attractions  to  visitors.  Among  the  many  public 
edifices,  the  chief  are  the  Burg,  or  imperial  palace,  resi- 
dence of  the  emperor,  with  a  library,  and  an  imperial 
chapel  and  theatre,  the  mint,  university,  academy  of  the 
fine  arts,  imperial  and  city  arsenal,  custom-house,  the  cathe- 
dral of  St.  Stephen,  a  Gothic  edifice,  with  a  spire  470  feet 
high,  and  the  church  of  St.  Peter,  built  on  the  model  of 
the  basilica  of  St.  Peter  at  Rome.  There  are  numerous  pri- 
vate p.alaces,  containing  valuable  libraries,  paintings,  and 
other  objects  of  art.  The  educational,  literary,  and  scien- 
tific estnblishments  comprise  the  university,  which  is  cele- 
brated for  its  school  of  medicine,  with  a  library  of  120,000 
volumes,  and  a  theatre  of  anatomy,  the  school  of  Oriental- 
ists for  training  interpreters,  the  Theresianum,  founded  by 
Maria  Theresa,  the  Josephine,  academy  of  medicine  and 
surgery  for  the  army,  academy  of  the  fine  arts,  with  18 
professors,  polytechnic  institute,  normal  school,  academy 
of  engineers,  with  18  professors,  a  veterinary  institute,  a 
conservatory  of  music,  a  new  opera-house,  5  gymnasia  or 
colleges,  and  an  observatory,  with  a  school  of  astronomy. 
The  imperial  library  contains  385,000  volumes,  many  thou- 
sand MSS.,  an  immense  collection  of  engravings,  and  the 
famous  Tubii/a  /'eutiinjen'aiifi,  a  map  of  the  Roman  empire 
in  the  fourth  century.  The  other  collections  comprise 
paintings  in  the  Belvedere,  the  lower  part  of  which  con- 
tains the  Ambras  collection  of  ancient  armor  and  jewels, 
the  most  interesting  in  Europe,  and  the  imperial  cabinets 
of  antiquities,  medals,  and  natural  history.  The  imperial 
arsenal  contains  15,000  stand  of  arms.  The  principal  the- 
atres are  the  llof,  or  palace  theatre,  the  Karntherthor,  and 
the  comic  theatre.  The  city  has  a  deaf-mute  asylum,  and  nu- 
merous well-conducted  charitable  establishments.  Vienna 
is  the  chief  manufa-cturing  city  of  the  empire;  its  manu- 
factures comprise  silk  velvets,  shawls,  woollens,  ribbons, 
carpets,  cottons,  paper,  gold  and  silver  lace,  porcelain,  and 
musical  instruments.  Coach-building  and  book-  and  map- 
printing  form  important  branches  of  industry.  It  has  an 
imperial  cannon-foundry,  and  manufactures  of  small-arms. 
Its  commerce  is  extensive,  and  was  greatly  increased  by 
the  navigation  of  the  Danube  and  the  opening  of  railways. 
Id  the  suburbs  are  the  cavalry  barracks,  the  Belvedere  pal- 


ace, the  church  of  St.  Charles,  the  theatre  on  the  "WU-n  ^ 
largest  in  Austria),  the  great  public  hospital,  ctmtnirl! 
2000  beds  and  receiving  annually  15,000  to  18,000  imti,. ' 
the  vast  building  for  the  imperial  nianufactuio  of  porctl; ' 
and   numerous  private  palaces  with  magnificent  irardil' 
The   capital   of  Austria   is   ornamented  by   many  miii, 
promenades,  the  chief  of  which  is  the  Prater,  a  nuiii 
forest  in  an  island  of  the  Danube,  laid  out  in  lone  nil. 
and  containing  deer-parks,  numerous  cofl'cc-houncn, »  >„, 
rama,  nnd  circus;  on  fCte-days  it  is  crowded  witii  I'fil 
trians  and  the  most  splendid  equipages.    The  olhcm  ! 
the  Augarten,  a  public  park  on  the  same  island,  and  i! 
Volksgarten,  a  beautiful  public  garden.    The  cnvirnn.s  i 
very  picturesque,  surrounded  by   vineyards,  and  Imvil 
the  Kahlenberg  Mountains  on  the  W.,  the  islands  df  u 
Danube  on  the  N.,  and  on  the  S.  the  SchncebcrR  Mou! 
tiiin,  part  of  the  Noric  Alps;  they  are  adorned  by  inn  i 
villas  and  summer  palaces,  among  which  are  the  imiier' 
palace  of  Schonbrunn,  with  a  botanic  garden  and  n  m' 
nagerie,  the  village  of  Maria  Ilitzing,  with  a  theatre  niul' 
bath-establishment,  and  Laxcnburg,  with  an  iiuperiul  fuii 
mer  palace  and  a  spacious  park.    Few  cities  arc  surrouiidii 
by  so  many  fine  gardens,  many  of  which  contain  the  richci 
and  rarest  plants.      Vindoboiia  was  a  station  of  the  Horn} 
legions  in  Upper  Pannonia ;  it  was  afterwards  capital  (| 
the  E.  provinces  of  the  empire  of  Charlemagne.    The  Kirj 
of  Hungary  established  his  court  here  in  1484,  and  it  sim  ' 
became  the  fixed  residence  of  the  House  of  Austria.   Vient 
was  besieged  by  the  Turks  in  1629,  and  again  in  1683;  o 
the  latter  occasion  it  was  relieved  by  the  Poles  under  .Inh 
Sobieski.     The  French  took  it  in  1806  and  in  ISUO.    Th' 
Congress  of  Vienna,  which  fixed  for  a  time  the  limit?  o 
the  countries  of  Europe,  was  held  here  from  Novcnibcij 
1814,  to  June,  1815.     The  city  was  held  by  the  revohiiinnl 
ary  party  for  a  short  time  in   1848;  the  barriea<lej  wcrl 
raised  on   October  6,  but  it  surrendered   to  the  iuiperiu 
troops  on  the  30th  of  the  same  month,  having  sulTem 
severely  from  a  bombardment.     A  treaty  of  peace  betwcci 

Austria  and    Italy  was  concluded  here  in   1866. Adj 

and  inhab.  Viennese,  vce'6n-neez'  (Fr.  Vienxais,  ve- 
Jn'nA,';  It.  Viennese,  ve-4n-nA'si;  Ger.  adj.  VVienerisch, 
wee'n?r-ish  ;  inhab.  Wiener,  wee'n^r). 

Vienna,  France.     See  Vienne. 

Vien'na,  a  post-village  of  Pickens  co.,  Ala.,  on  thel 
Tombigbce  River,  15  miles  above  Gainesville.  It  lias  a 
church  and  4  general  stores.  Cotton  is  shipped  bore  in 
steamboats. 

Vienna,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Dooly  co.,  Ga.,  about 
30  miles  E.  of  Americas.  It  is  situated  in  a  level  country 
partly  covered  with  pine  forests.  It  has  4  churcbc?,  t 
steam  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Vienna,  a  township  of  Grundy  co.,  III.    Pop.  900 

Vienna,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Johnson  co..  III.,  in 
Vienna  township,  on  the  Cairo  <fe  Vinccnncs  Railroad,  .'^i 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Cairo.  It  has  2  newspaper  oflficcs  and  'I 
churches.     Pop.  550;  of  the  township,  1496. 

Vienna,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co.,  Ind.,  in  Vienna 
township,  on  the  JelTersonville,  Madison  &  Indianapolis 
Railroad,  28  miles  N.  of  Louisville,  Ky.,  and  2J  luilcs  S. 
of  Scottsburg.  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  and 
a  flour-mill.     Pop.  166;  of  the  township,  1610. 

Vienna,  a  former  name  of  Neavville,  Ind. 

Vienna,  a  post-township  of  Marshall  co.,  Iowa.  Po|>. 
744.    Vienna  Post-Ofiice  is  10  miles  N.E.  of  Marshalltown. 

Vienna,  a  post-township  of  Pottawatomie  co.,  Kanm.", 
on  Red  Vermilion  Creek,  about  40  miles  N.W.  of  Topcka. 
Pop.  324, 

Vienna,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lincoln  parish,  La., 
35  miles  W.N.W.  of  Monroe.  It  has  2  churches,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  about  600. 

Vienna,  a  post-hamlet  in  Vienna  township,  Kenncbe* 
CO.,  Me.,  about  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Augusta.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  740. 

Vienna,  a  post-village  of  Dorchester  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Nanticoke  River  (navigable  for  large  schooners),  about  16 
miles  N.W.  of  Salisbury.  It  has  4  churches,  a  grist-raiH, 
and  a  steam  saw-mill.     Pop.  about  300. 

Vienna,  a  township  of  Genesee  co.,  Mich.  Pop.  1718. 
See  Pine  Run. 

Vienna,  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Lake 
Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Monroe,  and  on  the  Canada  Southern  Railroad,  14i  milei 
N.  of  Toledo,  0. 

Vienna,  a  hamlet  of  Macon  co..  Mo.,  3  miles  from  At- 
lanta.    It  has  14  houses. 

Vienna,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Maries  co..  Mo.,  near 
the  Gasconade  River,  22  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Holla,  and  17 


yiB 


272» 


VIG 


nios  N.N.E.  of  Dixon  Station.  It  has  a  newspaper  oflSce 
a ,  2  churchea. 

4eiina«  a  post-village  of  Warren  cc,  N.J.,  on  the  Pe- 
qist  Creek,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Hackettgtown,  and  about  24 
n  es  W.  by  N.  of  Morristown.  It  has  2  churches,  a  foun- 
d ,  a  hotel,  a  chair-factory,  and  3  stores. 

'^ieniia,  a  post-village  in  Vienna  township,  Oneida  cc, 
jr.,  about  12  miles  W.  of  Rome,  and  2  miles  E.  of  the 
Oi'ego  Midland  Railroad,  which  intersects  the  township. 
Ijhas  a  church,  a  tannery,  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  156, 
Ip  township  is  bounded  S.  by  Oneida  Lake,  and  contains 
ajllage  named  North  Ray.     Pop.  of  township,  3073. 

I'ieiina,  a  post-township  of  Forsyth  co.,  N.C.  Pop. 830. 
\|nna  Post-Office  is  10  miles  N.W.  of  Winston. 

peniia,  a  post-village  of  Clark  CO.,  0.,  in  Harmony 
t^tnship,  2  miles  from  Phittsburg  Station,  and  11  miles  E. 
oBpringfleld.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  239.  The  name 
Otts  post-otfice  is  Vienna  Cross  Roads. 

neiina,  Clinton  co.,  0.  See  New  Vienna. 
ienna^  a  post-village  in  Vienna  township,  Trumbull 
p.,  on  the  Vienna  Branch  of  the  Atlantic  «fc  Great 
itorn  Railroad,  S  miles  E.  of  Warren,  and  about  10  miles 
f  Youngstown.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  banking-house. 
C^l  is  mined  near  this  place.     P.  of  township  (1880),  1994. 

ir^ienna«  a  station  in  Washington  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Bal- 
timore &  Ohio  Railroad,  18  miles  E.  of  Wheeling,  W.  Va. 

f  ienna,  a  post-ofBce  of  Lavaca  oc,  Tex.,  28  miles  S. 
OiWeimar. 

/ienna,  a  post-village  of  Fairfax  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Tishington  &  Ohio  Railroad,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Alexandria, 
laas  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

i/icnna,  a  township  of  Dane  co..  Wis.    Pop.  1176. 

i^ienna,  a  post-hamlet  of  Walworth  co..  Wis.,  on  Sugar 
Qek,  about  32  miles  S.W.  of  Milwaukee.  It  has  a  flour- 
i|-mill. 

Vienna,  a  village  in  Elgin  co.,  Ontario,  on  Big  Otter 
C[ek,  28  miles  E.S.E.  of  St.  Thomas.  It  has  4  churches, 
i^rammar-school,  several  hotels  and  stores,  and  manu- 
fxories  of  iron  castings,  wooden-ware,  leather,  sawn  lum- 
bj,  woollens,  Ac.     Pop.  593. 

•Vienna,  Monck  co.,  Ontario.    See  Rosedene. 

yienna  Cross  Roads,  Ohio.    See  Vienna. 

!>'ienue,  ve-6nn'  (anc.  Vigen'nat),  a  river  of  France, 
r[;s  in  the  N.  part  of  the  department  of  Correze,  passes 
£!nt-Leonard,  Limoges,  Confolens,  Chatellerault  (where  it 
Homes  navigable),  and  Chinon,  and  joins  the  Loire  on  the 
\ .  at  Candcs,  after  a  N.  and  N.W.  course  of  220  miles. 

^'ienne,  a  department  of  France,  in  the  N.W.,  formed 
Ojpart  of  the  old  province  of  Poitou,  surrounded  by  the 
diiartments  of  Indre,  Ilaute-Vienne,  Charente,  Deux- 
Si.'res,  Maine-ct-Loire,  and  Loire.  Area,  2574  square 
rjles.  Pop.  in  1881,  340,295.  The  surface  is  generally 
&;  it  is  wivtered  by  the  Vienne  and  its  afiluent  the  Clain, 
t'  Charente  in  the  S.,  the  Gartempe  and  Creuse  in  the 
IE.,  and  the  Dive  in  the  N.W.  Soil  very  unequal  in  fer- 
tity ;  chief  crops,  all  kinds  of  cereals,  chestnuts,  lint, 
Ijnp,  and  maize  of  inferior  quality.  Fine  horses,  mules, 
uu  sheep  are  reared.  The  chief  mineral  products  are 
ip  and  lithographic  stones,  and  the  principal  manufac- 
tje  is  that  of  arms  and  cutlery,  at  Chatellerault.  The  de- 
jj-tment  is  divided  into  the  arrondissements  of  Poitiers, 
(Atellerault,  Civray,  Loudun,  and  Montmorillon.  Capi- 
ta Poitiers. 

icnne   (anc.  Vien'na),  a  town  of  France,  capital  of 
arrondissement  in  the  department  of  Isere,  54  miles 

jN.W,  of  Grenoble,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Rhone,  and 

the  railway  from  Lyons  to  Avignon.  Lat,  45°  33'  N,; 
1|.  4°  54'  E.  Pop.  22,950.  The  town  is  situated  between 
t»  Rhone  and  the  mountains,  and  is  traversed  by  the  river 
(Ire.  It  has  a  Gothic  cathedral  and  numerous  ancient  re- 
ijins,  a  communal  college,  a  tribunal  of  commerce,  and 
ilnufactures  of  woollen  clobhs,  linens,  silk,  paper,  ma- 
clnery,  and  leather.  In  its  vicinity  are  lead-  and  silver- 
i;ncs ;  and  near  it,  at  Ampuis,  the  celebrated  wine  called 
(|le-Rotie  is  made.  Vienna  was  the  capital  of  the  Allo- 
Ijiges ;  it  became  afterwards  the  metropolis  of  Viennois. 
icouncil  was  held  here  in  1311  which  abolished  the  order 
<ithe  Templars. 

Viennois,  ve-6n^nwi',  an  ancient  district  of  France, 
i|ieh  belonged  to  the  former  province  of  Dauphin6  and 
U  Vienne  for  its  capital.  It  is  now  included  in  the  de- 
jrtments  of  Drome  and  Isere. 

iVieque,  ve-i'ki,  Bieque,be-i'ki,  or  Crab  Island, 
lipanish  West  India  island,  9  miles  E.  of  Porto  Rico,  and 
f;of  Culebra.  Lat.  of  E.  point,  18°  7'  N,;  Ion,  65°  34'  W. 
]ngth,  from  W.  to  E.,  18  miles;  breadth,  4  miles.  On  its 
ifside  are  several  small  harbors. 

172 

- 


Vierlande,  fceu'lin'd^h,  a  small  territory  of  North 
Germany,  between  the  Elbe  and  the  Bille,  S.E.  of  Hamburg, 
to  which  city  it  belongs.  It  comprises  the  four  villnges  of 
Alten-Gamm,  Curslack,  Kirchwarder,  and  Neuen-Gamm. 
United  pop.  about  10,000. 

Viernlieim,  fecRn'hime',  a  village  of  Hesse,  8  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Heppenheim.     Pop.  4409. 

Viersen,  feen's^n,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  18  mile* 
W.  of  Dusseldorf,  on  the  Niers,  Pop.  19,705.  It  has  ex- 
tensive manufactures  of  damasks,  linens,  hats,  colors, 
chemicals,  kc. 

Vierwaldstatter-See.    See  Lake  of  Lucerne. 

Vierzon,  ve-fiR'z6N»',  a  town  of  France,  department 
of  Cher,  on  the  Yevre,  near  its  junction  with  the  Cher,  20 
miles  by  rail  N.AV.  of  Bourges.  Pop.  8995.  It  has  steel- 
refineries,  and  manufactures  of  porcelain,  earthenware,  glass, 
leather,  and  parchment. 

Viesly,  ve-6sMee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord,  10  miles 
N.E.  of  Cambrai.     Pop.  3083. 

Viesti,  ve-5s'tee  (anc.  Ajyenestat),  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  of  Foggia,  on  the  Adriatic,  at  the  E.  foot  of  Mount 
Gargano,  23  miles  N.E.  of  Manfredonia.  Pop.  6563.  It 
is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has  a  castle,  a  cathedral,  convents, 
and  bishop's  palace. 

Vietri,  ve-4'tree,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  15  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Potenza,     Pop.  3675. 

Vietri,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  H  miles  W.  of 
Salerno,     Pop.  2656, 

Vietz,  feets,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg,  26 
miles  N.N.B.  of  Frankfort.     Pop.  3281, 

Vieux-Cond6,  ve-uh'-k6N°'dA',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Nord,  9  miles  N,  of  Valenciennes,     Pop.  3017. 

Vieux-Genappe,or  Vieux-Genapp,ve-uh'-zh§h- 
ndpp'  ("  Old  Genappe"),  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Brabant, 
on  the  Dyle,  17  miles  S.  of  Brussels, 

View,  a  post-ofiice  of  Ross  co.,  0. 

Vif,  veef,  a  town  of  France,  in  Is^re,  8  miles  S.  of 
Grenoble.     Pop.  1427. 

Vig,  veeg,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  N.  part  of  the 
government  of  Olonets,  expands  into  a  lake  of  the  same 
name,  flows  about  170  miles,  and  falls  into  the  White  Sea, 
Its  current  is  broken  by  several  cataracts. 

Vigan,  a  town  of  France,     See  Le  Vigan. 

Vigan,  ve-gin',  a  seaport  town  of  the  Philippines,  on 
the  N,W.  coast  of  the  island  of  Luzon,  at  the  mouth  of  an 
arm  of  the  Abra,  with  an  important  trade  chiefly  in  the 
hands  of  the  Chinese. 

Vigeois,  vee'zhwi',  a  town  of  France,  in  CorrSzo,  near 
the  Vfizere,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Tulle.     P.  of  commune,  2546. 

Viger,  ve^zhaiR',  or  Saint  Epiphanic,  siIni  i'pe'fi^- 
nee',  a  post-village  in  Temiscouata  co,,  Quebec,  10  miles  E. 
of  Cacouna,     Pop,  150, 

Vigevano,  ve-ji'vi-no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Pavia,  on 
the  Mora,  near  the  Ticino,  15  miles  S.S,E.  of  Novara.  It 
has  a  cathedral,  a  bishop's  palace,  and  manufactures  of  silk 
stuffs,  hats,  soap,  and  macaroni.     Pop.  14,096. 

Viggianello,  vid-ji-ndl'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basili- 
cata,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Lagonegro,     Pop,  5030, 

Viggiano,  vid-ji'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Basilicata,  24 
miles  S,  of  Potenza,  It  has  manufactures  of  woollens, 
soap,  and  wax  candles.     Pop,  5242. 

Vigia,  ve-zhee'A,  or  Sfto  Jorge  dos  Alamos,  sown* 
zhoR'zh^  doce  i'li-moce,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  and  50 
miles  N.  of  Pard,  on  the  estuary  of  the  Pard  River,  It  has 
an  export  trade  in  fine  coffee,  grown  in  its  vicinity. 

Vigipara,  Cashmere.    See  Bijbahar. 

Vignacourt,  veen'yi'kooR',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Somme,  11  miles  from  Amiens.     Pop.  3302. 

Vignanello,  veen-yi-n5l'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  8  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Viterbo,     Pop.  3501. 

Vignemaie,  a  mountain  of  France.    See  PyRENEES. 

Vignola,  veen-yo'll,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Po- 
tenza, 6  miles  S.W.  of  Potenza.     Pop.  5389. 

Vignone,  veen-yo'n4,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Siena,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Pienza.  It  has  chalybeate  and  sul- 
phurous baths. 

Vigo,  vce'go  (anc.  Vi'cut  Spaco'ntm),  a  seaport  town 
of  Spain,  province  and  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pontevedra. 
Pop.  8214.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls  and  a  trench,  and  has 
an  excellent  harbor,  with  deep  water  close  in-shore.  It 
has  a  lazaretto,  a  fortress,  an  export  trade  in  wine,  bacon, 
and  maize,  and  an  active  pilchard-fishery. 

Vigo,  vee'go  or  vi'go,  a  county  in  the  W,  part  of  In- 
diana, bordering  on  Illinois,  has  an  area  of  about  410 
square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Wabash  River, 
wnich  forms  part  of  its  W,  boundary,  and  is  also  drained 
by  Honey  and  Otter  Creeks.    The  surface  is  undulating 


Vid 


2'730 


VlL 


«r  nearly  level,  and  \b  diversified  with  pmiries  and  forests 
of  the  hickory,  a«h,  oak,  gugar-maplo,  Ac.  The  soil  is  very 
fertile.  Indiiin  corn,  wheat,  hay,  cattle,  butter,  and  pork 
«re  the  staple  products.  Among  its  mineral  resources  are 
bituminous  coal  and  limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Indianapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railroad  and  the  Cincinnati  & 
Terre  Haute  Railroad.  Other  railroads  connect  with  these 
at  Torre  Haute,  the  capital  of  the  county.  Valuation  of 
real  and  personal  estate,  $30,000,000.  Pop.  in  1870,  33,54it, 
of  whom  29,842  were  Americans;  in  1880,  45,058. 

Vigo,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  2420. 

Vigo,  Ross  CO.,  O.    See  Lrtsw)i»  Station. 

Vigo,  veo'go,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  11 
toilcs  E.N.E.  of  Stayner.     Pop.  200. 

Vigo,  Bay  of,  Spain.    See  Bay  of  Vico. 

Vigo  (vee'go)  Lake,  Russia,  government  of  Olonets, 
45  miles  N.  of  Lake  Onega.  Length,  from  S.  to  N.,  45 
toiles;  greatest  broadth,  35  miles.  It  is  traversed  through- 
out by  the  river  Vig,  which  carries  its  surplus  waters  north- 
ward into  the  White  Sea. 

Vigone,  ve-go'nA,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Turin, 

#  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pinerolo.     Pop.  3917. 
Vigten,vig't9n,  Ind,  ind,  Mel,  mftl,  and  Yt,  tit,  three 

parallel  islands,  lying  close  to  one  another  in  a  S.W.  and 
« .E.  direction,  off  the  W.  coast  of  Norway.  Lat.  (W.  ex- 
tremity) 64°  46'  N.;  Ion.  10°  24'  E. 

Vignera,  ve-g4'r&,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Old  Castile, 
province  and  13  miles  S.  of  Logrono.     Pop.  1316. 

■  Vigazzolo,  ve-goot'so-lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Pied- 
mont, 3  miles  N.E.  of  Tortona.     Pop.  2246. 

Vihar,  a  province  of  Bengal.    See  B.VHAn. 

Vijapara,  a  town  of  Cashmere.    See  Bubahar. 

Vijayanagara,  a  city  of  India.    See  Bijanaour. 
<   Vuayapoor,  ve-ji-i-poor',  a  town  of  Nepanl,  132  miles 
S.E.  of  Khatmandoo,  India. 

Vijayapura,  India.    See  Bejapoor. 

Vikkur,  a  town  of  Sinde.    See  Bunder  Vikkur. 

Vilafaiiies,  ve-ll-fi'mfis,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
fcnd  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Castellon  de  la  Plana.     Pop.  1384. 

Vilagos,  veeMoh^gosh',  a  town  of  S.E.  Hungary,  county 
mbd  15  miles  N.E.  of  Arad.     Pop.  4648. 

Vilaine,  veoMain'  (anc.  Herhis,  Vicinoviaf),  a  river 
of  France,  rises  in  the  department  of  Maycnne,  flows  W. 
past  Vitr6  to  Rennes,  where  it  receives  the  Ille  from  the  N., 
and  thence  has  a  S.S.W.  course,  past  Redon  and  La  Roche- 
Bernard,  to  the  Atlantic  at  Penestin,  department  of  Mor- 
bihan.  Total  course,  130  miles,  for  the  last  80  of  which  it 
is  navigable.  The  tide  rises  in  it  as  high  as  Redon,  where 
it  receives  the  Oust.  Principal  affluents,  the  Ille  and  Oust 
from  the  N.  and  AV.,  and  the  Cher,  Don,  and  Isac  from  the 
K.     AVith  the  Ille  it  gives  name  to  a  department. 

Vilallonga,  ve-lll-yon'gi,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Cata- 
lonia, province  and  about  7  miles  from  Tarragona.    P.  1333. 

Vilbel,  fil'b^l,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Hesse,  province 
of  Ober-Hessen,  on  the  Nidda,  5  miles  by  railway  N.E. 
of  Frankfort-on-the-Main.     Pop.  3379. 

•  Vilcabamba,  veel-ki-blm'bi,  Yncay,  yoo-ki',  or 
Quilabamba,ke-li-bdm'b&,  a  river  of  Peru,  flows  N.E., 
and  joins  the  Apurimac  to  form  the  Ucayale. 

Vilcaiiota,  veel-kin-yo'ti,  a  river  of  Peru,  tributary 
to  the  Ucnyale. 

■  Vilcaiiota,  a  great  mountain-knot  of  the  Andes,  near 
lat.  14°  30'  S.,  on  which  perpetual  snow  lies  at  the  elevation 
•f  15,800  feet. 

Viiches,  veel'chfis,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  31 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Jaen.  Pop.  2668.  There  are  mines  and 
^■uarries  in  its  vicinity. 

Vilcika,  ve-lA'kH,  or  Vilciki,  ve-li'kee,  a  town  of 
Russia,  50  miles  N.N.W.  of  Minsk,  on  the  Vilia.     P.  2953. 

Vilia,  or  Wilia,  vee'le-i,  a  river  of  Russia,  govern- 
ments of  Minsk  and  Vilna,  flows  W.,  and  joins  the  Nicmen 
at  Kovno.    Total  course,  250  miles. 

Viliooi,  Vilioni,  or  Viliiii,  vU'e-oo'e,  written  also 
Biliiii,  a  river  of  Siberia,  government  of  Yakootsk,  flows 
easterly,  and  falls  into  the  Lena  at  Oost  Viliooisk.  Length, 
about  700  miles. 

Viliooisk,  Oost,  or  Oust  Vilionisk,  oost  ve-le-oo'- 
i«k,  a  town  of  East  Siberia,  government  and  180  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Yakootsk,  at  the  junction  of  the  Viliooi  with 
the  Lena.     Lat.  63°  25'  N. ;  Ion.  125°  35'  E.     Pop.  387. 

Vilkoineer,  Vilkoniir,  virko-meer',  or  Wilko- 
mierz,  <i-il-kom'e-aiRzh,  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
of  Kovno,  50  miles  N.W.  of  Vilna,  on  the  Svitsa.  Pop. 
11,11'8.     It  has  several  churches  and  schools. 

Vil'la,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Va.,  20  miles 
6.S.E.  of  Big  Lick  Station.  It  has  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill, 
hnd  a  store. 


Villa  Bartolomea,  vil'l&  ban-to-Io-m4'l,  a  town 
Italy,  on  the  riglit  bank  of  the  Adigc,  34  milM  S  K 
Legniigo.     Pop.  2093,  chiefly  engaged  in  ricc-culture 

Villa  Bella,  a  town  of  Brazil.    See  MAtTo-dRoiiv, 

Villa  Bella  da  Princeza,  veel'lA  b«l'H  di  ,,ri,i. 
si'ri  (or  Princessa,  nroen-Hfis'si),  a  town  of  Braiil  , 
the  N.  part  of  the  island  of  SSo  Seba«ti5o,  province  and  ; 
miles  E.  of  Silo  Paulo,  with  a  commodious  und  leeum  iiJ 
bor.     Pop.  3000.  ' 

Villa  Boa,  a  town  of  Braiil.    See  Gotai. 

Villa-Caikas,  veel'yi-kln'yls,  a  town  of  Spain  pro- 
ince  nnd  43  miles  S.E.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  5147.  ' 

Villa-Carillo,  veel'yl-kA-reeryo,  a  town  of  .'priii 
province  and  42  miles  N.E.  of  Jiicn,  between  the  rivci 
Guadalquivir  and  Guadalimnr.     Pop.  C044. 

Villa-Castin,  veel'yi-kls-tecn',  a  town  of  SpMi 
province  and  21  miles  W.S.W.  of  Segovia.     Pop,  U9y 

Villach,  vil'lAK^  (Illyrian,  liehik,  b^'Idk),  a  town  o 
Austria,  in  Carinthia,  52  miles  N.W.  of  Lnybach,  on  \.\\ 
Drave,  near  the  influx  of  the  Gail.  Pop.  4628.  It  is  M 
fended  by  a  strong  castle,  is  the  principal  entrcpfit  for  th 
products  of  the  Carinthian  mines,  and  has  many  fort'ci 
marble-quarries,  copper-  and  lead-mine^,  andabrivk  tm.k 

Villa-Cidro,  vil'll-chee'dro,  a  town  of  Sardinia,  dii 
vision  and  26  miles  N.W.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  4749. 

Villa  Clara,  vecl'yi  kli'rl,  or  Santa  Clara, »in'il 
kli'rJ,,  a  town  of  the  island  of  Cuba,  45  miles  N  W  o( 
Trinidad.     Pop.  10,511. 

Vil'la  Creek,  a  hamlet  of  San  Luis  Obispo  co.,  Cal, 
in  Moro  township. 

Villa  d'Adda,  vil'li  did'di,  a  village  of  Northc 
Italy,  province  of  Bergamo,  on  the  Adda.     Pop.  2294. 

Villa  das  Velhas,  vecl'li  dis  vSi'yls,  the  principn 
town  of  the  island  of  SJo  Jorge  (Azores),  on  the  N.  cnajt. 

Villa  del  Fuerte,  vecl'yi  d6l  fwiu'ti,  a  town  of 
Mexico,  state  and  75  miles  N.  of  Cinaloa,  on  the  Rio  di  1 
Fuerte.  Pop.  5000.  Though  badly  situated,  it  is  a  com- 
mercial depot  for  goods  passing  to  and  from  Guayuia*. 

Villa  del  Principe,  veel'yi  ddl  prcen'se-pi,  c- 
Santa  Maria  del  Principe,  s&n't&  rai-rce&  iR: 
preen'se-pi,  a  considerable  town  of  Cuba,  140  miles  N.U. 
of  Santiago  de  Cuba. 

Villa  del  Rio,  veel'yl  dfil  ree'o,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  28  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cordova.     Pop.  3935. 

Villa  de  Ojinaga,  Mexico.    See  Ojisaoa. 

Vilia  di  Tirano,  vil'ii  dee  te-ri'no,  a  village  of 
Italy,  province  and  12  miles  N.E.  of  Sondrio,  at  the  con- 
fluence of  the  Poschiavino  with  the  Adda.     Pop.  2159. 

Villa  do  Conde,  veel'li  do  kon'di,  a  maritime  tn«n 
of  Portugal,  province  of  Minho,  on  the  Atlantic,  15  milej 
N.  of  Oporto.  Pop.  4292.  Many  vessels  are  built  here, 
and  it  has  a  fishing-  and  coasting-trade. 

Villa  do  Ecuador,  Brazil.    See  Chaves. 

Villa  do  Forte,  a  city  of  Brazil.    See  Foutaleza. 

Villa  do  Forte  das  Alagoas,  Brazil.  See  Alagoas. 

Villa  do  Principe,  veel'li  do  prcen'sc-pii,  now  called 
Serro  Frio,  sSr'ro  free'o,  a  town  of  Bi-azii,  province  of 
Minas-Geraes,  130  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ouro  Prcto. 

Villa  do  Principe,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  of 
S5o  Paulo,  60  miles  S.AV.  of  Curitiba. 

Villa  do  Rio  Pardo,  vecl'lA  do  ree'o  pan'do,  a  town 
of  Brazil,  province  of  Kio  Grande  do  Sul,  on  the  Jacuhy,nt 
the  influx  of  the  Pardo,  80  miles  W.  of  Porto  Alegrc. 

Viilaescusa  de  Haro,  veel-yi-is-koo'si  di  hi'ro, 
a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  35  miles  from  Cuenca. 

Villa  Faletto,  vil'li  fi-16t'to,  a  town  of  Italy,  in  Pied- 
mont, 10  miles  N.  of  Coni,  on  the  Maria.     Pop.  2802. 

Villafames,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Vilakames. 

Villa  Feliche,  veel'yS,  fi-lee'chi,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  of  Saragossa,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Calatayud. 

Villa-Flor,  veel'ia-flOn,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province 
of  Tras-os-Montes,  1 1  miles  N.W.  of  Torre  de  Moncorvo. 

Villa-Flor,  a  town  of  Br.azil,  province  of  Kio  Grande 
do  Norte,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Natal.     Pop.  2500. 

Villafranca,  a  town  of  France.    See  ViLLEFRAXcnr 

Villafranca,  vil-lil-frlng'kl,  a  town  of  Italy,  9  mil' 
S.W.  of  Verona,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Tartaro.    It  hai  u 
fine  castle.     Pop.  3898. 

Villafranca,  a  town  of  Sicily,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Oir- 
genti.     Pop.  2484.  . 

Villafranca,  veel-yl-fr&ng'ka,  a  town  of  Spam,  8» 
miles  S.W.  of  Pamplona,  on  the  Aragon.     Pop.  2976. 

Villafranca,  a  walled  town  of  Spain,  in  Ouipuieoa,  Z« 
miles  S.W.  of  St.  Sebastian.     Pop.  1115. 

Villa  Franca,  veel'ld  frlng'ka,  a  town  on  the  S.  coa« 
of  the  island  of  St.  Michael,  Azores,  14  miles  E.  of  Pool* 
Delgada.     Pop.  3800. 


VIL 


2731 


VIL 


ilia  Franca,  veel'ld  frlng'ki,  a  town  of  Brazil, 
pijince  of  Pard,  near  the  Amazon,  20  miles  S.W.  of  San- 
tadn.     Pon.  4000. 

iilla-I*  ranca,  veel'yi-frlng'ki,  a  town  of  Paraguay, 
oithe  Paraguay  lliver,  30  miles  below  Assumption. 
Jil'la  Fran'ca,  a  post-office  of  llowan  co.,  N.C. 
jillafrauca  tie  la  Marisma,  veel-yA-fiing'ki  di 
I2,ki-rees'mJl,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  15  miles  S. 
otfeville.     Pop.  4268. 

iillafranca  de  las  Abujas,  vcel-y&-frilng'k&  d& 
lilii-Boo'His,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  12  miles 
EI.E.  of  Cordova,  on  the  Guadalquivir.     Pop.  2U14. 

jillafranca  de  los  Ilarros,  veel-yi-fr&ng'ki  d^ 
loi  baR'Roce,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Badajos,  20 
nijss  S.W.  of  Merida.     Pop.  7575. 

fillafranca  de  los  Caballeros,  voeI-y&-fr&ng'k& 
dijbce  kl-uil-yi'roee,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Toledo, 
8  [iles  N.W.  of  Alcazar.     Pop.  3108. 

jillafranca  del  Vierzo,  veel-yi-fring'ki  d61  ve- 
Jiiho,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Leon,  9  miles  AV.N.AV. 
offonferrada,  on  the  Burbia.     Pop.  3247. 

jillafranca  de  Panades,  veel-yi-fring'ki  di  pd- 
niWs,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  27  miles  N.E.  of 
Thigona,  and  W.  of  Barcelona.     Pop.  6223. 

Ullafrauca  de  Xira,  veel-li-fring'ki  d4  shee'rl,  a 
tch  of  Portugal,  province  of  Estremadura,  on  the  right 
h-k  of  the  Tagus,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Lisbon.  Pop.  4700. 
lljs  the  residence  of  a  military  governor,  and  has  salt- 
wjks  and  an  active  trade.  It  was  founded  and  named 
C'Qualla  (or  Cornwall)  by  the  English  settlers  in  1160. 

iillafranca  di  Piemonte,  vil-ld-fring'kd.  dee  pe- 
ijon'ti,  a  town  of  Italy,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Turin.    P.  4327. 

jilla-Franca-do-Imperador.    See  Franca. 

filla  Frati,  vil'li  fri'tee,  a  town  of  Sicily,  16  miles 
S.E.  of  Palermo.     Pop.  3005. 

I'illafrechos,  veel-yi-fri'ehoce,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
Lm,  province  and  33  miles  N.W.  of  Valladolid.     P.  1552. 

I'illagarcia,  vcel-yd-gan-thee'i,  a  town  of  Spain, 
p^-inco  of  Badajos,  3  miles  N.  of  Llerena.     Pop.  1989. 

^illagarcia,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Cuenca,  7 
Dfes  K.N.E.  of  Tarazona.     Pop.  1203. 

I  illagarcia,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Pontevedra, 
2hiiles  N.  of  Vigo,  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  Bay  of  Arosa, 
oJirhich  it  has  a  small  harbor.     Pop.  1883. 

t '41  Mage,  a  township  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa.  P.  1444. 
illage  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa, 
I  small  creek,  4  or  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lansing.     It  has  2 
_,  r-raills  and  a  woollen-factorj'.     Pop.  about  200, 

j^illage  Creek,  a  station  in  Tarrant  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Ifas  &  Pacific  Railroad,  7i  miles  E.  of  Fort  Worth. 

rillage  des  Aulnaies,  veeriizh'ddz  ornd,',  a  post- 
vlage  in  L'Islet  co.,  Quebec,  5  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Roch  des 
AInaies.     Pop.  200. 

/illage  Green,  a  post-hamlet  in  Aston  township, 
ijaware  co.,  Pa.,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Chester,  and  1  mile 
fm  the  Philadelphia  &  Baltimore  Central  Railroad.  It 
W  2  churches. 

mlage  Richelieu,  veeDizh'  reeshMe-uh',  or  Notre 
lime  de  Richelieu,  not'r  dim  d^h  reesh^le-uh',  a  post- 
vfage  in  Rouville  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  river  Richelieu,  and 
otthe  Montreal,  Chambly  &  Sorel  Railway,  2  miles  from 
Cnimbly  Basin,  and  16  miles  E.  of  Montreal,  It  has  grist- 
al  carding-mills.     Pop.  100. 

village  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Blount  co.,  Ala. 

i/illagonzalo,  veel-yi-gon.-thd'lo,  a  town  of  Spain,  in 
I.remadura,  about  36  miles  from  Badajos,  near  the  Guadi- 
8^.     Pop.  1509. 

^illa  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Saguache  co..  Col. 

{^illahermosa,  veel-yi-^R-mo'sA,  a  town  of  Spain, 
jikvince  and  48  miles  E.S.E.  of  Ciudad  Real.     Pop.  3159. 

I^illa  IXermosa,  Mexico.    Sec  San  Juan  Bautista. 

villaine«la-Juhel,  vee'ydn'-li-zhii'fil',  a  town  of 
3p,nce,  in  Mayennc,  29  miles  N.E.  of  Laval.     Pop.  1632. 

^illajoyosa,  veel-yi-Ho-yo'sd,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
i  e  and  20  miles  N.E.  of  Alicante,  on  the  Mediterranean, 
clwhich  it  has  a  harbor  and  docks.     Pop,  7966, 

Vill^uan,  a  town  of  Spain,    See  Sodran, 

jVillalba,  vil-lil'bi,  a  town  of  Sicily,  not  far  from  Cal- 
t|ii8etta.     Pop.  3569. 

willalba,  veel-y&l'bil,  numerous  market-towns  of  Spain, 
4^  principal  being  in  the  province  and  35  miles  S.E,  of 
Jjdajos.     Pop.  2295. 

n^illalba,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Catalonia,  province  and 
imiles  from  Tarragona,     Pop.  1626. 
JVillalon,  veel-y4-lon',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
imiles  N.W.  of  Valladolid.     Pop.  4948,  partly  engaged 
{Imaking  cheeses,  highly  esteemed  at  Madrid. 


Villalonga,  veel-y8,-long'g3,,  a  town  of  Spain,  prov,- 
ince  and  40  miles  N.  of  Alicante,  on  the  Alcoy      P.  2071., 

Villalpaudo,veel-yil-p.1n'do,  a  village  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  42  miles  N.N.W.  of  Valladolid.     Pop.  2206. 

Villalpandos,  veel-yill-p4n'doce,  a  rich  mine  of  Mex- 
ico, adjacent  to  Guanajuato. 

Villaluenga  de  la  Sagra,  veel-yi-lw5n'gi  di  14 
si'gri,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  province  and  about 
14  miles  E,  of  Toledo.     Pop.  1482, 

Villaluenga  del  Rosario,  yeel-yi-Iwin'gi  dSl  ro- 
ei're-o,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  60  miles  from  Cadiz. 

Villalva  del  Acor,  veel-yil'vi  dil  4-koR',  a  village 
of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  province  and  25  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Iluelva,     It  has  a  Gothic  church.     Pop,  1224. 

Villalva  del  Rey,  veel-y41'v4  dfil  ri,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  New  Castile,  26  miles  from  Cuenca,     Pop,  1094. 

Villa  Magna,  vil'li  min'yi,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov,- 
ince  and  3  miles  S.E.  of  Chieti,     Pop,  2291. 

Villamalea,  veel-yi-mi-li'i,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Mur- 
cia,  28  miles  from  Albacete,     Pop,  1342, 

Villamaiian,  veel-yi-min-yin',  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  16  miles  S.  of  Loon,  near  the  Eala.     P.  1757. 

Villamanrique,  veel-yi-min-ree'ki,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  18  miles  S.W,  of  Seville.     Pop.  2228. 

Villamanrique,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Ciudad  Real,  13 
miles  S.  of  Villanueva  de  los  Infantes.     Pop,  1178, 

Villamar,  Sardinia.     See  Mara-Ardarei. 

Villa  Maria,  veel'li  mi-ree'i,  a  town  of  Brazil,  prov- 
ince of  Matto-Grosso,  on  the  Paraguay,  100  miles  W,S,W. 
of  Cuyabi.     Pop.  1000. 

Villa>Martin,  veel'yi-maR-teen',  a  town  of  Spain,  43 
miles  S.E.  of  Seville,  on  the  Guadalete.     Pop.  4117.  ■ 

Villamayor  de  Calatrava,  veel-yi-ml-ou'  di  kft- 
li-tri'vi,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  province  and  12 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Ciudad  Real,     Pop,  1531, 

Villamayor  de  Campos,  veel-yi-mi-OR'  di  kimN 
poce,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Leon,  province  and  about  40  miles 
N,W.  of  Valladolid,  near  the  Valderaduey,     Pop.  2067,    i 

Villamayor  de  Santiago,  veel-yi-mi-oR'  di  sin-t*- 
4'go,  a  town  of  Spain,  46  miles  W,  of  Cuenca,     Pop,  339S. 

Villamediana,  veel-yi-mi-oe-i'ni,  a  town  of  Spai*, 
in  Leon,  province  and  9  miles  S.  of  Palencia,     Pop,  1008, 

Villamiel,  veel-yi-me-Sl',  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  55  miles  from  Caceres,     Pop,  1371, 

Villamor  de  los  Escuderos,  veel-yi-mon'  di  loce 
fis-koo-ni'rooe,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  21  miles  S.E, 
of  Zamora,     Pop.  1265, 

Villanova,  vil-li-no'vi,  a  village  of  Sardinia,  division 
and  15  miles  S.S.E.  of  Sassari.     Pop,  3943.  , 

Villa-Nova,  veel'li  no'vi,  or  Villa-Vistosa-da- 
Madre-de-Dios,  veel'li  vees-to'si  di  mi'dri  di  dee'- 
oce,  a  town  of  Brazil,  200  miles  W.N.W.  of  Pard. 

Villanova,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  and  12  miles 
N.E.  of  Rio  Janeiro,  near  the  Macaou.  The  inhabitants 
are  partly  hrancoa  ("  whites")  and  partly  Indians.  P.  2000. 

Villanova,  veel-li-no'vi,  a  village  of  Brazil,  province 
of  Santa  Catharina,  on  the  N.  shore  of  La  Laguna  (a  la- 
goon nearly  20  miles  long),  60  miles  S.  of  Desterro.  It  has 
a  harbor,  and  manufactures  of  linen,  from  flax  cultivated  qd 
a  large  scale  in  the  vicinity. 

Villa  Nova,  the  Latin  name  of  Villexeuve-sur-Lot. 

ViPlano'va,  or  VilMeno'va,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chan- 
tauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  in  a  township  of  its  own  name,  3  miles 
from  Pine  Valley  Station,  and  about  15  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Dunkirk.  It  has  2  stores  and  a  cheese-factory.  Pop,  of 
the  township,  1438.  < 

Villanova,  a  post-office  of  Delaware  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  11  miles  W.N.W,  of  Philadelphia. 
Here  is  the  Villanova  College  (Catholic).  > 

Villa  Nova,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk  co.,  Ontario,^ 
miles  from  Waterford.     Pop.  100. 

Villanova  da  Cerveira,  veel-ll-no'vi  di  sfin-vi'e- 
ri,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Minho,  5  miles  S.W.  of 
Valenja  do  Minho.     Pop.  1432. 

Villanova  da  Rainha,  veel-ll-no'v4  di  rd-ecn'yi,  a 
town  of  Brazil,  in  Bahia,  120  miles  N.  of  Jacobina.    P.  2000, 

Villanova  da  Rainha,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province 
of  Pard,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Canoma  with  the  Amazon. 

Villanova  da  Rainha,  Brazil.    SeeCAiiETK. 

Villa  Nova  de  Famelitjfto,  veel'li  no'vi  di  fi-m4- 
le-sowx"',  a  market-town  of  Portugal,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Bar- 
cellos.     Pop,  1502, 

Villa  Nova  de  Foscoa,  veel'li  no'vi  di  foz-ko'4, 
a  town  and  parish  of  Portugal,  province  of  Beira,  near  the 
Coa,  where  it  joins  the  Douro,  8  miles  S.S,W.  of  Torre  do 
Moncorvo,     Pop.  3867. 

Villanova  de  Milfontes,  Teel-I&-uo'v4  di  meel-foa'- 


VIL 


2732 


VIL 


tis,  a  toirn  of  Portugal,  in  Alomtejo,  on  the  Odomira,  near 
its  mouth  in  the  Atlantic,  32  miles  W.  of  Ouriauo.    P.  1868. 

Villanova  de  Portimfto,  veel-l&-no'v&  d&  pon-to- 
mOwN"',  n  town  of  Portugal,  province  of  Algarve,  with 
H  harbor  at  the  mouth  of  the  Silves,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Lago!i.     Pop.  5491*. 

Villanova  <lc  Porto,  Tcel-l&-no'vil  d&  pon'to,  a  town 
of  Portugal,  province  of  Minho,  on  the  Douro,  opposite 
Oporto,  of  which  it  is  a  suburb.  It  has  active  ship-building. 

Villanova  de  San  Antonio,  veol-l&-no'v&  dk  s&n 
An-to'ne-o,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  of  Sorgipo,  on  the 
e>ilo  Francisco,  20  miles  N.  of  the  Atlantic.     Pop.  4000. 

Villanova  de  SAo  Luis,  Brazil.    See  Uuaratuda. 

Villanova  de  Souza,  veel-l&-no'v&  d&  sA'z.\,  a  town 
of  Brazil,  280  miles  W.  of  Parahiba.     Pop.  5000. 

Villanova  do  Principe,  veol-l&-no'v&  do  preon'se- 
p&,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province  of  Bahia,  50  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Rio  de  Contas.     Pop.  2000. 

Villanova  do  Principe,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province 
of  Kio  Grande  do  Norte,  on  tlie  Serido,  150  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Natal.     Pop.  3000. 

Villnnow,  vil'la-nSw,  a  post-office  of  Walker  oo.,  Ga., 
1'5  miles  S.W.  of  Dalton,  and  about  33  miles  N.  of  Rome. 
Here  is  an  academy. 

Villanterio,  vil-l&n-t&'re-o,  a  town  of  Italy,  10  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Pavia.     Pop.  2414. 

Villanueva  de  Alcolea,  veel-yi-nwi'vi  dil  &l-ko- 
liV'A,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Valencia,  province  and  17  miles 
from  Costellon  de  la  Plana.     Pop.  1484. 

Villanueva  de  Cordova,  veel-yd-nwi'vi  di  koa'- 
(lo-v&  (or  de  la  Jara,  d&  1&  H&'rA.),  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cordova,  on  the  S.  slope 
of  the  Sierra  Morena.     Pop.  5535. 

Villanueva  de  la  Fucnte,  veel-yi-nwi'vi  di  li 
fwfin'td,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  56  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Ciudad  Real.     Pop.  2087. 

Villanueva  del  Ariscal,  veel-yi-nw4'vi  d51  &-rees- 
k&l',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  province  and  7  miles 
from  Seville.     Pop.  1651, 

Villanueva  del  Arzobispo,  veel-yi-nwA'v4  ddl  an- 
tho-bees'po,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  50  miles  N.E. 
of  Jiien,  on  the  Guadalquivir.     Pop.  3822. 

Villanueva  de  la  Serena,  veel-y&-nw4'vil  di,  \i  sk- 
ri'n.l,  a  town  of  Spain,  near  the  Guadiana,  province  and  58 
miles  E.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  9630. 

Villanueva  de  la  Sierra,  veel-y&-nw4'v&  dh.  U  se- 
5ii'r.\.  a  town  of  Spain,  68  miles  N.E.  of  Caceres.     P.  1103. 

Villanueva  de  la  Vera,  veel-y&-nw&'vd  di,  1&  vi'rk, 
a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Caceres,  42  miles  £.  of  Pla- 
sencia.     Pop.  2257. 

Villanueva  del  Campo,  veel-yi-nwi'v4  dil  kim'po, 
a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  8  miles  W.  of  Leon,  with  a 
large  annual  fair.     Pop.  2676. 

Villanueva  del  Fresno,  veel-yi-nwi'v4  dfil  frfls'no, 
a  town  of  Spain,  near  the  frontier  of  Portugal,  province 
and  30  miles  S.S.W.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  2792. 

Villanueva  de  los  Castillejos,  vecl-yi-nwi'v4  di 
loce  kis-toel-yA'Hoce,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  20 
miles  N.W.  of  Huelva.     Pop.  3442. 

Villanueva  de  los  Infantes,  ▼eel-y&-nwi'v&  di 
loce  in-fin'tfis,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  61  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Ciudad  Real,  near  the  Jabalon.  Pop.  6130.  It 
has  several  fountains  and  a  hospital ;  and  in  the  neighbor- 
hood are  several  springs  and  copper-mines. 

Villanueva  del  Kosario,  vee1-yi-nwi'vidil  ro-s&'- 
re-o,  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  province  and  about  20 
miles  from  Malaga.     Pop.  2018. 

Villanueva  de  San  Juan,  vee1-y&-nwi'vi  di  sin 
Hoo-in',  a  town  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia,  province  and  55 
miles  from  Seville.     Pop.  1913. 

Villanueva  y  la  Geltru,  veel-yi-nwi'vi  e  li  h21- 
troo',  a  town  and  seaport  of  Spain,  province  and  25  miles 
S.W.  of  Barcelona,  on  the  Mediterranean.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  hats,  lace,  paper,  soap,  and  brandy. 

Villanuova,  vil-li-noo-o'vi,  a  village  of  Italy,  29  miles 
N.W.  of  Parma,  on  the  Arda.     Pop.  2905. 

Villanuova,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Alessandria, 
3  miles  N.  of  Casale.     Pop.  3042. 

Villa  Ponca  de  Aguiar,  veel'Iipon'ki  di  i-gbe-an', 
a  town  and  parish  of  Portugal,  province  of  Tras-os-Montes, 
33  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Braga.     Pop.  1736. 

Villa  Puzzu,  veel'li  poot-soo',  a  town  of  the  island  of 
Sardinia,  30  miles  N.E.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  2531. 

Villar  Bobbio,  vil-lan'  bob'be-o,  a  village  of  Italy, 
province  of  Turin,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Pinerolo.     Pop.  2235. 

Villard,  vee'yaB',  a  village  of  France,  in  Upper  Savoy, 
I  miles  W.  ot  Beaufort.    Pop.  990. 


Villard  de  Lan»,  voe^yan'  d?h  Ifi.N.,  a  town  of  FmL 
Isirc,  noar  the  Bourne,  11  miles  S.W.  of  (Irem.blc    1'    ■ 

Villar  de  Canas,  vcol-yau'  ,li  ki'ni,,  «  \„„\]: 
Spain,  in  New  Castile,  province  and  24  uiiles  from  Cud 
near  the  Zanoara.     Pop.  132(1.  f» 

Villar  de  Ciervos,  vcel-yan'  di  the-«R'voo«,  »  f, 
of  Spain,  in  Leon,  province  and  N.W.  of  Zninora.   P  1 

Villar  del  Arzobispo,  veel-yaii'  dfil  au-iho-bn, 
or  Villar  de  Bcnnduf,  veel-yaii'  di  bi-ni-.loi.r, » vil 
of  Spain,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Valencia.     Pop.  280"' 

Villar  del  Key,  veel-yaii'  dJI  ri,  a  town  of  Sp. 
province  and  21  miles  N.  of  Badajos.     Pop.  2387. 

Villar  de  San  Antonio,  vcel-lau'  di  sin  in-to'n 
or  Villa  Real  ( vool'li  ri-il)  de  San  Antouio,  a  u 
of  Portugal,  in  Algarve,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Tavirn,  nl 
mouth  of  the  Guadiana.     It  is  fortified.     Pop.  2993. 

Villareal,  veel'li-ri-ll',  a  town  of  Portugal,  iii  Ti 
os-Montes,  on  the  Corgo,  14  miles  N.  of  Lamcgo.    P.  j;; 

Villa  Real,  veel'yi  ri-il'  (I'.e.,  "royal  town"),fti<i 

of  Spain,  province  and  5  miles  S.S.W.  of  Caiitcll 1.! 

Plana,  on  the  Mijares,  4  miles  from  the  Mcdittrr ,:.. 
Pop.  8665.  It  is  enclosed  by  ruined  walli",  entfrol  i, 
gates,  and  has  manufactories  of  woollens  and  of  bran<lr 

Villa  Real  de  Concepcion,  ved'yi  ri-il'  di  ki 
th6p-the-on',  a  town  of  I'lirnguay,  on  the  river  Panigu. 
130  miles  N.N.E.  of  Assumption.     Pop.  4000. 

Villarejo  de  Fuentes,  veel-yi-ri'iio  di  fw«n'i4i 
town  of  Spain,  37  miles  S.W.  of  Cucnca.     Pop.  2147. 

Villarejo  de  Salvanes,  veel-yi-ri'no  di  «4l-vi'n 
a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  20  miles  S.E.  of  AluJi 
between  the  Tagus  and  Tajuna.     Pop.  2991. 

Villares,  Los,  loce  vcel-yi'rfis,  a  village  of  Spnin, 
Andalusia,  province  and  5  miles  S.  of  Jaen.  Pop.  2J 
Near  it  are  quarries  of  limostono  and  gypsum. 

Villargordo,  veel-yau-gou'do,  a  village  of  Spain, 
miles  N.E.  of  Jaen,  on  the  Guadalquivir.     Pop.  1763. 

Villargordo  de  Jucar,  veel-yan-goR'do  di  Hoo-k.ii 
a  village  of  Spain,  province  of  Cuenca,  on  the  right  bail 
of  the  Jucar.  6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Tarazona.     Pop.  1384. 

Vil'la  Rica,  rik'ah,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  G;i 
in  a  beautiful  valley,  about  38  miles  W.  of  Atlanta, 
contains  an  academy  and  2  churches,  and  near  it  are  r! 
gold-mines. 

Villa  Rica,  or  Villa  Real,  Brazil.  SeeOcRO  Preti 

Villa  Rica  de  la  Vera  Cruz.    See  Vera  Criz. 

Vil'la  Ridge,  a  station  in  Cook  co..  III.,  on  the  Cliioag 
Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Chicago 

Villa  Ridge,  or  Valley  Forge,  a  post-villuge  o 
Pulaski  CO.,  III.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  11  inili 
N.  of  Cairo.  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  several  fine  vill.'ui,  ao 
a  nursery.  Large  quantities  of  fruit  are  shipped  hen 
Pop.  about  500.     Here  is  Villa  Ridge  Post-Ofiice. 

Villarino,  veel-yi-ree'no,  a  village  of  Spain,  provine 
and  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Salamanca,  at  the  conflueDc*  o 
the  Tormes  and  Douro. 

Villa  Rosa,  vil'li  ro'si,  a  town  of  Sicily,  12  miles  N.E 
of  Caltanisetta.     Pop.  6253. 

Villaroya  de  la  Sierra,  vcel-yi-ro'yi  di  li  te 
^R'ni,  a  town  of  Spain,  53  miles  W.  of  Saragossa.  P.  1848 

Villaroya  de  los  Pinares,  veel-yi-ro'yi  di  loce  p» 
ni'rfis,  a  town  of  Spain,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Tcrucl.     P.  1130 

Villarrobleda,  veel-yau-Ro-bli'Di,  a  town  of  Spain 
65  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ciudad  Real.  Pop.  C569.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  coarse  woollens  and  earthenwares. 

Villarrubia  de  los  Ojos  de  (iundiana,vecl-yaB. 
Roo'Be-i  di  loce  o'hoco  di  gwi-De-i'ni,  a  town  of  S)>ain, 
province  and  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ciudad  Real.  Pop.  5641. 
It  has  a  palace  of  the  Dukes  of  Ixar,  and  a  tr.ido  in  winet. 

Villarrubia  de  Ocaiia,  veel-yaR-Roo'De-idio-kin'- 
yi,  a  town  of  Spain,  35  miles  E.N.E.  of  Toledo.    P.  2623. 

Villasandino,  vcel-yi-sin-dee'no  (anc.  Desobrigaf), 
a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  21  miles  W.  of  Burgos. 

Villa  San  Giovanni,  vil-ll  siln  jo-v4n'nce,  a  villag* 
of  Italy,  8  miles  N.  of  Reggio,  on  the  Strait  of  Messina.! 
It  has  manufactures  of  fine  silks.     Pop.  2133.  | 

Villa  Santa  Maria,  vil'li  sin'ti  mi-ree'i,  a  town  of  1 
Italy,  province  of  Chieti,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lanciano,  on 
the  Sangro.     Pop.  2576. 

Villa«arracino,  vecl-yi-san-ni-thee'no,  a  town  of 
Spain,  in  Old  Castile,  province  and  30  miles  fiom  Palcncia.  Ij 

Villaseca  de  la  Sagra,  veel-yi-si'ki  di  IJ  ei'gri,* 
town  of  Spain,  in  New  Castile,  province  and  12  miles  N.B, 
of  Toledo.     Pop.  1369.  .        i 

Villasor,vil-li-soR',  a  village  of  the  island  of  Sordini*, 
14  miles  N.AV.  of  Cagliari.     Pop.  2326. 

Villastellone,  vil-li-st5l-lo'ni,  a  town  of  Italy, prov- 
ince of  Turin,  not  far  from  Carmagnola.    Pop.  1982. 


i 


VIL 


2733 


VIL 


rillatobas,  veel-j'i-to'Bls,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
»l  35  miles  E.S.B.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  28C7. 
^illa  Veiha  d'Espirito  Santo,  a  town  of  Brazil. 

£  EspiuiTO  Santo. 

'illnverde>  vecl-li-viB'dd,  a  town  of  Brazil,  province 
cBabia,  on  the  Buraiilien,  20  miles  W.  of  Porto  Seguro. 
lixports  timber  and  cotton. 

^illavcrde,  voel-yi-v5R'di,  a  town  of  the  island  of 

ro,  one  of  the  Canaries,  on  its  N.E.  coast. 

^Ilaviciosa,  veel-yi-vc-the-o'sA,  a  town  of  Spain, 
iviuce  and  18  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cordova.     Pop.  2411. 

^illaviciosa^a  village  of  Spain,  province  and  27  miles 
^3.  of  Oviedo,  on  the  Linares,  with  a  custom-house. 

illaviciosa  de  Odon,  veel-yl-ve-the-o'sS,  di.  o-D5n', 
abwn  of  Spain,  province  of  Guadalajara,  53  miles  N.E. 
oMadrid.  Here  was  fought,  in  1710,  the  battle  which 
t(Uinated  the  "  War  of  the  Succession"  and  seated  Philip 
\bn  the  Spanish  throne. 

filla  Vi90sa,  vecl'li  ve-so's5.,  a  town  of  Portugal, 

I)jvinco  of  Alemtejo,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Elvas.  Pop.  3436. 
^aas  a  brisk  trade  in  oil  and  wine.  In  the  neighborhood 
ii  royal  hunting-palace,  with  a  large  park. 

Tilla  Viijosa,  veel'li  ve-so'sS,,  a  town  of  Brazil,  prov- 
and  150  miles  W.  of  Ceari,  among  groves  of  cocoa 
s.     Pop.  5000. 

Ilavieja,  veel-yl-ve-d'Hi,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Va- 
Idbia,  province  and  10  miles  N.W.  of  Castellon  de  la  Plana. 
lis  remarkable  for  its  thermal  springs.     Pop.  2027. 

illavieja,  veel-yd-ve-i'ud,  a  town  of  Costa  Rica,  7 
Hies  W.  of  San  Jos6. 

j^illa-Vistosa-da-Madre-de-Dios,  in  Pari, 
Ej.zil.    See  Villa-Nova. 

ifill6,  veo'yd',  or  Weiler,  villain'  (Ger.  pron.^i'l^r), 
alwn  of  Alsace,  26  miles  S.AV.  of  Strasburg.     Pop.  2351. 

filledieu-les-Poeles,  veerde-uh'-li-poVil',  a  town 
olrrance,  in  Manche,  on  the  Sienne,  12  miles  N.E.  of 
.Aranches.  Pop.  3434.  It  has  iron-,  copper-,  and  bell- 
fdadries,  and  manufactures  of  hardwares,  buttons,  buckles, 
pichment,  lace,  and  clocks. 

rillefraiiche,  veerfr6\sh'  (It.  Villafranca,  vil'll- 
fi^g'ki),  a  seaport  town  of  Prance,  in  Alpes-Maritimes,  on 
til  sea,  2  miles  E.  of  Nice.     Pop.  1933. 

'iilefranche  de  Lauragais,  veerfr6Nsh'  d§h  lo*- 
ril^A',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute-Garonne,  20  miles  S.E. 
oQ'oulouse.     Pop.  2134. 

rillefranche  de  Rouergue,  veerfr6Nsh'  d?h  roo^- 
at',  a  town  of  France,  in  Aveyron,  35  miles  W.  of  Rodez, 
okhe  right  bank  of  the  Aveyron.  Lat.  44°  23'  N. ;  Ion. 
2a'  E.  Pop.  7819.  It  has  a  communal  college,  public 
Ifary,  town  hall,  museum,  paper-mills,  copper-,  iron-,  and 
bfes-works,  and  tanneries. 

rillefranche- sur- Saone,  veerfrfiNsh'-slin-son,  a 
t<fn  of  France,  in  Rh6ne,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Sa&ne, 
a{i  on  the  railway  to  Paris,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Lyons.  Pop. 
1J394.  It  has  a  chamber  of  commerce,  college,  normal 
Bibol,  manufactures  of  leather,  blankets,  calico,  and  other 
cf-on  fabrics,  and  a  large  trade  in  wine,  silk,  <tc. 

Nllejuif,  veerzhweef  (i.e.,  "Jew-town"),  a  village  of 
Rnce,  in  Seine,  4  miles  S.  of  Paris.     Pop.  1931. 

rillemur,  veermiin',  a  town  of  France,  in  Haute- 
0-onne,  on  the  Tarn,  19  miles  N.  of  Toulouse.    Pop.  2367. 

I^illena,  veel-yi'nS,  (anc.  Turhnlat),  a  town  of  Spain, 
pfvince  and  32  miles  N.W.  of  Alicante.  Pop.  8350.  It 
Biads  near  the  foot  of  Mount  San  Cristoval,  which  is 
cWned  with  a  castle  now  in  ruins.  It  has  an  extensive 
nllern  suburb,  town  hall,  palace,  hospital,  barracks,  soap- 
filory,  and  brandy-distilleries. 

Nllenauxe,  veePnox'  or  veelMfh-nox',  a  town  of 
Hnce,  in  Aube,  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  Nogent-sur-Seino. 
Iinas  a  tannery,  porcelain-factory,  tile-works,  and  flour- 
nlls.     Pop.  2227. 

^illcnave,  veerniv',  a  village  of  Franco,  in  Qironde, 
«!iiles  S.E.  of  Bordeaux.     Pop.  1421. 

jt^iilenenve,  veernuv'  or  veelM^h-nuv',  a  town  of 
fmce,  in  Aveyron,  6  miles  N.  of  Villefranche.  Pop.  of 
cjimune,  3277. 

^illeneuve,  a  town  of  France,  in  Landes,  10  miles  E. 
OiMont-de-Marsan,  on  the  Midou.     Pop.  1155. 

I'illeneuve,  veernuv'  (Ger.  Neustadt,  noi'stltt,  signi- 
fjig,  as  well  as  the  French  name  Villeneuvc,  "  now  town"), 
alDwn  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Vaud,  at  the  E.  extremity 
ojthe  Lake  of  Geneva,  17  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lausanne. 

filleneuve  de  Berg,  veernuv'  deh  bain,  a  town  of 
,  nee,  in  Ardcche,  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Privas.     P.  1861. 
Villenciive  I'Archeveque,  veePnuv'  laB^sh^h-vaik', 
aWn  of  France,  department  of  Yonne,  12  miles  E.  of 
Els,  on  the  Vannes.     Pop.  1857. 


Villeneuve  -  les  -Avignon,   veernuv'- liz - iVeen*- 

y6N»',  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Gard,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Rhone,  opposite  Avignon,  with  manufactures 
of  woollens  and  silks.     Pop.  2652. 

Villeneu  ve-Saint- Georges,  veernuv'-siN'-zhoRzh, 
a  village  of  France,  in  Seine-et-Oise,  on  the  Seine,  9  miles 
above  Paris.     Pop.  2228. 

Villeneuve  -  sur- Lot,  veornuv'-siiR-lo,  or  Ville- 
neuve d'Agcn,  veernuv'  di'zhftN"'  (L.  Vil'la  No'va),  a 
town  of  France,  in  Lot-ct-Garonne,  18  miles  N.  of  Agen, 
on  both  sides  of  the  Lot.  Parts  of  its  old  fortifications  still 
remain.  It  has  courts  of  first  resort  and  of  commerce, 
tanneries,  manufactures  of  combs,  buttons,  shoes,  Ac,  and 
an  extensive  trade  in  prunes.     Pop.  9681. 

Villenenve-sur- Yonne,  veernuv'-siin-yon,  a  town 
of  France,  department  of  Yonne,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Joigny, 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Yonne.     Pop.  3606. 

Villenova,  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.    See  Villanova. 

Ville  Platte,  veel  plat,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Landry 
parish.  La.,  about  16  miles  N.W.  of  Opelousas.     Pop.  135. 

Villers,  veePyi'  or  vee'yi',  a  village  of  Belgium,  prov- 
ince of  Brabant,  21  miles  S.S.E.  of  Brussels,  with  magnifi- 
cent ruins  of  a  Cistercian  abbey  founded  in  1147. 

Villers-Bretonneux,  vee'yi'-br?h-ton^nuh',  a  town 
of  France,  in  Somme,  10  miles  E.  of  Amiens.  It  has  saw- 
mills, and  manufactures  of  woollens,  flannels,  hosiery, 
bricks,  <tc.     Pop.  5356. 

Villers-Cotterets,  vee^yi'-kotH§h-ri',  a  town  of 
France,  in  Aisne,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Soissons.  Pop.  3116. 
It  has  a  castle  built  by  Francis  I.,  now  a  depot  of  men- 
dicity for  the  department  of  Seine. 

Villers-Guilain,vee'yi'-gheeM4N<"',atown  of  France, 
in  Nord,  1 1  miles  S.S.W.  of  Cambrai.     Pop.  2063. 

Villers-Outreau,  vee'yi'-ooHro',  a  town  of  France, 
in  Nord,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Cambrai.     Pop.  3021. 

Villette,  La,  li  veelMfitt',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine, 
arrondissementof  Saint-Denis,  included  within  the  fortifica- 
tions of  Paris  on  the  N.E.  It  contains  the  great  terminal 
basins  of  the  Canals  de  I'Ourcq,  Saint-Denis,  and  Saint- 
Martin.  It  has  potteries,  vinegar-works,  soap-boiling 
houses,  sugar-refineries,  and  numerous  warehouses. 

Villette,  veelM^tt',  a  post-settlement  in  Compton  co., 
Quebec,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Coaticook.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  steam  saw-mill.     Pop.  300. 

Villeurbanne,  veelMur'bin',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Isfire,  4  miles  from  Lyons.  It  has  manufactures  of  chemi- 
cals, soap,  and  silk.     Pop.  5850. 

Villeveyrac,  veePvd'rik',  a  village  of  France,  in 
HSrault,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Montpellier.     Pop.  2379. 

Villiers-le-Bel,  veo'yd'-l§h-b51,  a  village  of  France, 
in  Seinc-et-Oise,  1  mile  S.E.  of  Ecouen. 

Villierstown,  vil'y?rs-town,  a  village  of  Ireland,  co. 
of  Waterford,  9i  miles  N.  of  Youghal.     Pop.  300. 

Villimpenta,  vil-lim-pdn'ti,  or  Villinipinta,  vn- 
lim-pin'ti,  a  village  of  Italy,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Mantua. 

Villingen,  fil'ling-^n,  a  town  of  Baden,  in  the  Black 
Forest,  42  miles  N.W.  of  Constance.  Pop.  5578.  It  has 
many  mills,  and  manufactures  of  chemicals,  watches,  and 
woollen  cloth. 

Villisca,  vil-lis'ka,  a  post-village  in  Jackson  town- 
ship, Montgomery  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Nodaway  River,  and 
on  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  18  miles  E. 
by  S.  of  Red  Oak,  and  16  miles  N.  of  Clarinda.  A  branch 
of  this  railroad  extends  from  Villisca  to  Clarinda.  It  has 
a  newspaper  office,  a  banking-house,  a  graded  school,  4 
churches,  and  steam  marble-works.     Pop.  in  1880,  1299. 

Villmar,  fll'man,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hesse-Nassau, 
8  miles  S.W.  of  Weilburg.     Pop.  2099. 

Villmergen,  vill'mfiK^gh^n  (formerly  Villmarin- 
gen,  vill'mi-ring-^n,  a  village  and  parish  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Aargau.     Pop.  1693. 

Villoslada,  veel-yo-sli'Di,  a  town  of  Spain,  province 
and  29  miles  S.  of  Logrono.     Pop.  1149. 

Villot'ta,  a  post-oflBce  of  Edwards  co.,  Kansas. 

Villu'la,  a  post-hamlet  of  Russell  co.,  Ala.,  about  2S 
miles  N.  of  Eufaula,  and  2i  miles  S.  of  Scale  Station.  Il 
has  a  church  and  a  school. 

Vilmanstrand,  or  W^ilmanstrand,  vil'miln-str&nd^ 
(Finlandish,  Lapjieranda,  lJp-pi-rin'd4),  a  town  of  Fin- 
land, 30  miles  N.AV.  of  Viborg,  on  the  S.  shore  of  Lake 
Saima.     Pop.  1131. 

Vilna,  or  Wilna,  vil'ni,  a  government  of  Russia, 
mostly  between  lat.  53°  40'  and  66°  20'  N.  and  Ion.  21* 
10'  and  27°  E.,  having  on  the  S.  the  government  of 
Grodno,  E.  Minsk  and  a  part  of  Vitebsk,  N.  Kovno,  and 
on  the  W.  Suvalki,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  the  river 
Niemen.    Area,  16,412  square  miles. 


mL 


2734 


VIN 


Pop.  !n  1S70,  1,001,909.  The  lurfiiee  is  a,  wiiio  plain,  in- 
'  teri|>«rsod  with  a  fow  sand-hills  nnd  nuniorous  iniirshes 
and  Uku.  Principal  rirers,  tho  Viliu,  and  other  ainucnts 
of  tho  Niomcn  in  tho  S.,  and  tho  Disna  in  the  N.  Kathor 
tnore  grain  (chiefly  rye)  is  raised  than  is  required  for 
home 'consumption.  Largo  quantities  of  homp  and  flax  are 
produced ;  hops  and  pulse  to  a  less  o.\tont.  The  forests 
are  very  extensive,  and  tar,  potash,  deals,  do.,  are  impor- 
tant products,  also  honey,  and  skins  of  elks,  bears,  wolves, 
foxw,  martens,  and  squirrels.  The  urua,  or  wild  bull,  is 
here  mot  with.  Manufactures  have  increased  of  late,  but 
they  are  not  yet  of  much  consequence.  Tho  raw  produce 
lis  exported  down  the  Duna  to  Hign,  or  overland  to  the 
Bit-ltic  by  way  of  Prussia.  The  trade  is  mostly  in  the  hands 
of  Jows.  This  government  retains  many  of  its  old  privi- 
leges. It  is  divided  into  II  circles.  Principal  towns,  Vilna 
(the  capital).  Lida,  Troki,  and  Drooya. 

Viliiat  or  Wilna^  a  city  of  Ilussia,  capital  of  the  gov- 
ernment of  the  same  name,  and  formerly  capital  of  Lithua- 
nia, is  situated  on  the  Villa,  90  miles  N.E.  of  Grodno.  Es- 
timated population  ( 1 883),  93,7«3.  It  is  enclosed  by  a  wall, 
and  is  built  chiefly  of  timber.  It  has  a  cathedral  of  the  four- 
teenth century,  containing  good  paintings,  and  the  marble 
ehapol  and  tomb  of  St.  Casimir,  numerous  other  Roman 
Catholic  churches,  Greek,  Lutheran,  and  Calvinist  churches, 
2  synagogues,  a  mosque,  a  fine  town  hall,  an  arsenal,  ex- 
change, theatre,  several  hospitals,  barracks,  magazines,  a 
governor's  palace,  some  noble  residences,  which  are  hand- 
some buildings,  and  remains  of  the  royal  castle  'f  the 
Jagellons,  kings  of  Poland.  Vilna  is  tho  residence  of  civil 
and  military  governors,  the  see  of  a  Grseco- Russian  arch- 
bishop and  a  Roman  Catholic  bi.^hop,  and  the  seat  of  a 
tnedico-chirurgical  school,  with  a  botanic  garden,  an  eccle- 
iiiastical  seminary,  several  gymna.sia  and  other  high  schools, 
and  an  academy,  reiilacing  its  university,  which  was  sup- 
pressed in  1S32.  It  has  a  few  manufactures  and  a  con- 
siderable trade. 

Vilo'uia^  a  post-office  of  Faulkner  co..  Ark. 

Vila,  fils,  a  river  of  Bavaria,  circles  of  Upper  and  Lower 
Bavaria,  joins  the  Danube  at  Vilshofen,  after  an  E.N.E. 
course  of  70  miles. 

Vils,  a  river  of  Bavaria,  in  Lower  Franconia,  flows  S.  and 
joins  the  Naab  21  miles  S.  of  Amborg.     Length,  50  miles. 

Vilsbibiirg,  fils'be-boono\  a  town  of  Lower  Bavaria, 
on  the  Vils,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Landshut.  Pop.  2094.  It  has 
nitre-factories  and  breweries. 

Vilshofen,  fils'ho^f^n,  a  town  of  Lower  Bavaria,  on  the 
Danube,  here  joined  by  the  Vils,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Pas- 
sau.     Pop.  2906. 

Vilvestre,  veel-vfis'tri,  several  market-towns  of  Spain, 
the  principal  46  miles  W.N.W.  of  Salamanca,  near  the  Por- 
tuguese frontier. 

Vilvoorden,  vil-vou'd?n  (Fr.  Viloorde,  veel'vond'),  a 
town  of  Belgium,  in  South  Brabant,  6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Brus- 
sels, on  the  railway  to  Antwerp.  Pop.  6844.  Its  large  old 
oastle  now  serves  for  a  penitentiary.  Hero  Tindale,  the 
English  reformer,  suffered  martyrdom  in  1536. 

Vimcira,  ve-mi'e-ri,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Estrcma- 
idura,  near  the  coast,  7  miles  N.  of  Torres- Vedras,  famous 
for  the  defeat  of  the  French  by  the  Duke  of  Wellington, 
August  21,  1808. 

Vimercate,  ve-mfia-ki'tA  (anc.  Vi'cua  Mar'timtf),  a 
town  of  Northern  Italy,  province  and  14  miles  N.E.  of 
Milan.     Pop.  3694. 

VimieirO)  ve-me-i'e-ro,  a  village  of  Portugal,  province 
of  Alemtejo,  20  miles  N.  of  Evora.     Pop.  15S4. 

ViiniosO)  ve-me-o'so,  a  town  of  Portugal,  in  Tras-os- 
Montes,  near  the  Spanish  frontier,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Bra- 
gunza.     Pop.  1280. 

Vimoutier,  vee^mooHo-i',  a  town  of  France,  in  Orne, 
on  tho  Vire,  17  miles  N.E.  of  Argcntan.  Pop.  2775. 
Linen  fabrics  are  extensively  made  here  and  in  the  vicinity. 

Vi'iia,  a  post-village  of  Tehama  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Cen- 
tral Pacific  Railroad  (Oregon  division),  19  miles  N.N. W.  of 
Chico,  and  1  mile  E.  of  Sacramento  River. 

Vi^nalha'ven,  a  township  of  Knox  co..  Mo.,  com- 
prising South  Island  and  several  smaller  islands  in  Penob- 
scot Bay,  60  miles  E.S.E.  of  Augusta.  The  island  is  partly 
covered  with  granite.     Pop.  in  1880,  2855. 

Vinalmont,  vee'nirm6s»',  a  village  of  Belgium,  prov- 
ince and  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Liege.     Pop.  1203. 

Vinaroz^  ve-ni-roth',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
46  niilcs  N.E.  of  Castellon  do  la  Plana,  near  the  mouths  of 
the  Ebro,  and  close  to  the  Mediterranean.  Pop.  9795.  It 
is  partly  enclosed  by  ruined  walls,  is  ill  built,  but  has  a  fine 
|)arish  church,  hospital,  sbip-buildingyard,  a  coasting-trade, 
»nd  active  fisheries. 


Vinay,  veo'ni',  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Itire.  16  mil., 
of  Grenoble.     Pop.  1092. 

Viu^a,  v4K"'«i',  a  town  of  France,  in  Pyr«n6«i.0ri 
tales,  near  the  Tot,  19  miles  W.S.W.  of  Pcrpigoan  1 
209.3.     In  its  vicinity  arc  medicinal  springs. 

Vinceiincs,  vln-sAnz'  (Fr.  pron.  viN-'sinn'),  •  tt 
and  ca«tle  of  France,  in  Seine,  4  miles  E.  of  theHarrit 
du  Trftno,  Paris.  Pop.  18,243.  The  ci^tlc,  crwid 
1339,  in  tho  midst  of  a  forest,  was  used  as  a  royal  n' 
denco  till  the  time  of  Louis  XV.  It  was  altorwnrdi.  ini! 
a  state  jjrison,  and  has  a  square-turretcd  kci'ii,  is  cm',, 
by  dry  ditches,  an<l  entered  by  2  drawbridge*.'  Th«  ;;r' 
Condi,  Diderot,  Minibeau,  and  ninny  other  distiii'ui.l 
persons  have  been  confined  in  this  fortress.  It  cohi.un' 
fine  armory  and  depot  of  artillery.  The  wood  of  Vinctni 
is  a  favorite  holiday  resort  of  the  Parisians. 

Vincennes,  vin-senz',  a  city,  the  capital  of  Knox  ci 
Ind.,  is  situated  on  the  E.  or  left  bank  of  tho  Wabiuih  Uirl 
51  miles  N.  of  Evansville,  58  miles  S.  of  Terre  Haute,  t 
148  miles  E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  Lat.  38°  43'  N.;  lun'.  »| 
32'  W.  It  is  on  the  Ohio  <t  Mississippi  Railroad  win 
it  crosses  the  Evansville  <fe  Torre  Haute  Railroad,  anj 
the  N.E.  terminus  of  tho  Cairo  A  Vincennes  lUilrnt 
which  here  connects  with  the  Indiannjwlis  i,  Vinecnr 
Railroad.  Steamboats  can  ascend  the  river  to  tlii-  i  :,i 
It  contains  a  court-house,  a  Catholic  cathedral,  S)  I'l  :. 
churches,  2  high  schools,  2  national  banks,  1  other  h ,:,,, 
newspaper  ofliccs,  and  several  steam  Uouring-milU.  \i 
ccnnos  is  tho  oldest  town  in  the  state,  and  jtoesosscs  niu 
historical  interest.  It  was  settled  about  1736  by  Frcn, 
emigrants  from  Canada,  who  for  several  generation*  life 
on  friendly  terms  with  the  savages  of  the  surrouiidii 
forests.  It  was  the  capital  of  Indiana  Territory  from  Igi 
to  1813.  Pop.  in  1870,  6440;  in  1880,  7680;  of  Vinoenn 
township,  exclusive  of  the  city,  1728, 

Vincennes,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa,  is  in  a  ra' 
ley  near  the  Des  Moines  River,  and  on  the  Keokuk  4  Di 
Moines  Railroad,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Keokuk.  Pop.  aboi 
200.     The  station  at  this  place  is  called  Sand  Prairie. 

Vincennes,  or  Saint  Luc,  84i\>  lUk,  a  post-Tllitg 
in  Champlain  co.,  Quebec,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Three  fiiver. 
Pop.  100. 

Vin'cent,  a  post-office  of  Osborne  co.,  Kansas. 

Vincent,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Mich.,  7  mih 
W.N.W.  of  Port  Huron.     Here  is  a  church. 

Vincent,  a  post-village  in  Barlow  town.xhip.  Washing 
ton  CO.,  0.,  on  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  13  milt 
"W.  by  S.  of  Marietta.  It  has  a  church  and  a  liouring-inili 
Pon.  162. 

Vincent,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  Freoel 
Creek,  about  6  miles  N.\V.  of  Phoenixville. 

Vincent's,  a  station  in  Carter  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Easttn 
Kentucky  Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of  Grayson.  i 

Vincent,  Saint,  an  island.    See  Saint  Vi.xce.m. 

Vin'centown,  a  post-village  in  Southam])ton  town 
ship,  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  South  Branch  of  Ilani 
cocas  Creek,  and  on  the  Vincentown  k  Kwansville  Branclj 
Railroad,  about  22  miles  E.  of  Camden.  It  containi  h 
churches,  a  national  bank,  a  mill,  and  about  150  houses. 

Vinchiaturo,  vin-ke-i-too'ro,  a  town  of  Italy,  prov- 
ince and  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Campobasso.     Pop.  3529. 

Vindau,  Windau,  vin'dow,  or  Vindava,  vin-dl'ri, 
a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  governnicut  of  Vilna,  flows 
N.N.W.  past  Goldingen,  and  enters  the  Baltic  at  Vindau. 
Length,  160  miles. 

Vindau,  Windau,  or  Vindava,  a  seaport  town  ot 
Russia,  in  Courland,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Vindau  in  tb« 
Baltic,  100  miles  N.W.  of  Mitau.  Pop.  4108.  It  hftS  • 
considerable  export  trade  in  corn,  timber,  linseed,  flax,  and 
salted  provisions. 

Vindavana,  a  town  of  India.    See  Bindhabas. 

Viudhya  (vind'yA,  or  Vindhyan,  vlnd'yin)  Mon»» 
tains,  a  mountain-range  extending  from  E.  to  W.  across | 
the  peninsula  of  India,  from  the  biisin  of  tho  Ganges  tot 
Guzerat.     It  forms  the  N.  boundary  of  the  valley  of  tb»  j 
Norbudda,  unites  the  N.  extremities  of  the  East  and  West  j 
Ghauts,  and  extends  from  lat.  22°  to  25°  N.    It  is  of  gra- 
nitic formation,  overlaid  with  sandstone.    All  S.  of  tbil 
range  was  called  the  Deccan  under  the  Moguls,  while  all  h, 
of  it  was  named  Hindostan.  . 

Vindicari,  vin-de-ki'ree  (anc.  Naustathrmu t),  a  Bm»n  ^ 
island  and  port  near  Sicily,  7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Nolo. 

Vindobona,  Austria.    See  Vie.nsa. 

Vindonissa,  a  town  of  Switzerland.    See  Bbuco. 

Vindonissa,  the  ancient  name  of  Windisch. 

Vine,  a  post-vill.age  in  Simcoe  co.,  OnUrio,  7  wM 
S.S.W.  of  Barrio.     Pop.  175. 


vm 


2735 


VIO 


Vin'eg^ar  Hill,  Ireland,  co.  of  Wexford,  immediately 
I  of  Enniscorthy,  was  in  1798  the  head-quarters  and  scene 
f  many  of  tlie  atrocities  of  tlio  insurgent  forces. 
iVin'egar  Hill,  township,  Jo  Daviess  co.,  111.  Pop.  693. 
I  Vine  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hardin  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
(ulucah  <fc  Elizabethtown  Railroad,  30  mileg  S.S.W.  of 
puiavillo.     It  has  2  churches. 

[Vineland,  Douglas  co.,  Kansas.     See  Visla.nd, 
Viuelaiid,  viu'l^nd,  a  post-office  of  Yellow  Medicine 
.,  Minn. 

(Vineland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
[.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  47  miles 
I  by  W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  a  barytes-mill. 
'Vineland«a  post-town  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
[est  Jersey  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Vincland  Rail- 
tad,  35  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Philadelphia,  6  miles  N.  of  Mill- 
jlle,  and  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bridgeton.  It  was  founded 
i  1861,  and  is  situated  in  a  level  sandy  and  loamy  tract, 
ineland  contains  10  churches,  4  public  halls,  a  high  school, 
Rational  bank,  a  safe-deposit  company,  a  large  hotel,  and 
jinting-offices  which  issue  2  daily  and  2  weekly  news- 
ipcrs  and  1  monthly  periodical.  It  has  several  machine- 
ops,  steam  flour-mills,  and  manufactories  of  shoes,  car- 
Lges,  fruit-crates,  buttons,  gloves,  paper  boxes,  sash, 
|inds,  <fcc.  It  is  partly  supported  by  the  production  of 
[apes  and  other  fruits  for  the  markets  of  Philadelphia  and 
pw  York.  The  principal  avenues  are  from  60  to  100  feet 
fde.  Pop.  of  village,  about  3000. 
(Vine  Ilidge,  a  post-office  of  Ottawa  co.,  0. 
Vine's  Springs,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort  of 
pley  CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  50 
les  W.  of  Cincinnati,  0. 

Vine  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yates  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
knandaigua  Lake,  10  miles  S.  of  Canandaigua.     It  bos 
veral  warehouses.     Grapes  and  peaches  abound  here. 
Vineville,  vin'vil,  a  village  and  station  of  Bibb  co., 
I.     It  has  a  church  and  a  Catholic  college. 
Vineyard,  vin'yard,  a  post-office  of  Phillips  co..  Ark. 
Vineyard,  a  post-oflice  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa. 
Vineyard,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co..  Mo.    P.  1419. 
Vineyard,  a  post-office  of  Morris  co.,  Tex. 
Vineyard  Ha'ven,  a  post-village  in  Tisbury  township, 
likes  CO.,  Mass.,  on  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  called  Holmes 
ole  or  Vineyard  Haven,  5  miles  from  Wood's  IIoll  Station, 
id  about  8  miles  N.AV.  of  Edgartown.    It  has  a  capacious 
^rbor,  and  facilities  for  bathing,  also  2  churches.     It  is  a 
irbor  of  refuge,  and  has  a  marine  hospital. 
Vineyard  Hill,  Adams  co.,  0.    See  Wrightsville. 
Vineyard  Sound,  Massachusetts,  separates  Martha's 
ineyard  from  the  Elizabeth  Islands.     Length,  about  20 
lies;  average  breadth,  from  4  to  5  miles. 
Vi'ney  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Ark., 
I  miles  W.  of  Fayetteville.     It  has  a  church. 
Vingor'la,  a    town    of   British   India,  presidency  of 
ambay,  on  the  W.  coast,  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Qoa.     Lat. 
>°  50'  N.;  Ion.  69"  35'  E.     Pop.  14,996.     It  has  a  fort, 
id  about  25  miles  distant  are  the  Vingoria  Islands,  in  the 
jdian  Ocean. 

Vinhues,  veen-yi'fixs,  a  town  of  Portugal,  province  of 
:a8-os-Montes,  14  miles  W.  of  Braganza.  It  is  walled,  is 
itered  by  two  gates,  and  has  an  old  fort.  Pop.  1936. 
Vi'ning  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cobb  co.,  Ga.,  on 
e  Western  &  Atlantic  Railroad,  j  of  a  mile  from  the 
lattahoochee  River,  and  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Atlanta, 
has  a  church.  The  river  here  affords  great  water-power. 
I  Vinita,  vin'e-t&,  a  post-village  of  the  Cherokee  Nation, 
idian  Territory,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  <fc  Texas  Rail- 
ad,  at  its  junction  with  the  St.  Louis  &  San  Francisco 
wlroad,  100  miles  S.W.  of  Fort  Scott,  and  122  miles 
■.S.W.  of  Springfield,  Mo.  It  has  a  church,  a  drug-store, 
newspaper  office,  and  2  dry-goods  stores.  Pop.  250. 
Vinkeveen,  vin^k§h-vain',  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
nds,  27  miles  N.W.  of  Utrecht.  Pop.  2174. 
Vinkovcze,  vin-kovt's^h,  or  Vinko'witz,  a  market- 
wn  of  Military  Slavonia,  on  the  Boszut  (bo'soot^),  20 
lies  S.E.  of  Eszek.  Pop.  3500.  It  has  a  college,  a  high 
hool,  and  a  German  normal  school. 
VinMand,  a  post-hamlet  of  Douglas  co.,  Kansas,  on 
16  Leavenworth,  Lawrence  &  Galveston  Railroad,  9i 
lies  S.  of  Lawrence.  It  has  a  church. 
i  Vinland,  a  post-township  of  Winnebiigo  co..  Wis.,  is 
>unded  on  the  E.  by  Lake  Winnebago,  and  intersected  by 
le  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad.  It  is  about  4  miles 
i.  ofOshkosh.     Pop.  1141. 

Vinnitsa,  Winnitza,  or  Winnica,  vin-nlt'si  or 
fn-neet'si,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Podolia,  on  the  Bug,  80 
liles  N.E.  of  Kamieniec.     Pop.  18,780.    It  is  enclosed  by 


a  deep  ditch,  and  has  a  citadel,  several  churches,  a  college; 
and  a  synagogue. 

Vi'no,  a  post-hamlct  of  Adair  co.,  Iowa,  in  Richland 
township,  about  60  miles  S.W.  of  Des  Moinus. 

Vinovo,  ve-no'vo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  9 
miles  S.  of  Turin.     Pop.  2467. 

Vin'son,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ky. 

Vintimiglia,  vin-te-mecl'yd,  or  Veutiniiglia,Tin« 
te-meel'yd.  (anc.  Al'hiuin  Iiitime'lium),  a  town  of  Italy,  18 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Nice,  on  the  Mediterranean,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Roya.  Pop,  3518.  It  has  a  cathedral,  a  bishop's 
palace,  2  convents,  a  hospital,  and  a  castle. 

Vin'ton,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an  arc* 
of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Raccoon  and 
Salt  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly,  and  is- 
extensively  covered  with  forests,  in  which  the  oak,  buck- 
eye, and  sugar-maple  are  found.  Indian  corn,  hay,  butter, 
and  wool  are  the  staple  products.  Bituminous  coal  and 
iron  ore  are  found  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Marietta  <&  Cincinnati  Railroad.  Capital,  McArthur.  Valu- 
ation of  real  and  personal  estate,  $5,683,937.  Pop.  in  1870, 
15,027,  of  whom  14,265  were  Americans;  in  1880,  17,223. 

Vinton,  a  city,  capital  of  Benton  co.,  Iowa,  in  Taylor 
township,  on  the  Red  Cedar  River,  and  on  the  Burlington,' 
Cedar  Rapids  &  Northern  Railroad,  25  miles  N.W.  of 
Cedar  Rapids,  and  31  miles  S.S.E.  of  Waterloo.  It  con^ 
tains  a  court-house,  6  churches,  2  banking-houses,  a  loan 
and  trust  company,  2  or  3  newspaper  offices,  and  the  state 
institution  for  the  blind,  which  was  founded  in  1853.  Vin-' 
ton  has  manufactures  of  carriages,  chairs,  flour,  and  furni- 
ture, and  printing-offices  which  issue  2  newspapers  and  2 
monthly  periodicals.     Pop.  in  1880,  2906.  ' 

Vinton,  a  post-office  of  Riley  co.,  Kansas,  6  miles  N.of 
Junction  City. 

Vinton,  a  post- village  of  Clay  co..  Miss.,  on  the  Tom- 
bigbee  River,  13  miles  above  Columbus,  and  8  miles  E.  of 
West  Point.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  steam 
grist-mill.     Pop.  about  450. 

Vinton,  a  post-hamlct  of  Bates  co.,  Mo.,  15  miles  E.  of 
La  Cygne,  Kansas.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Vinton,  a  post-office  of  Valley  co.,  Neb.,  75  miles  N. 
of  Kearney  Junction. 

Vinton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gallia  co.,  0.,  on  Raccoon 
Creek,  about  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Gallipolis.     Pop.  137. 

Vinton,  a  village  of  Nicholas  co.,  W.  Va.,  16  miles  from 
Kanawha  Falls,  It  has  3  churches,  2  saw-mills,  and  a- 
grist-mill.     Pop.  about  150. 

Vinton  Furnace,  a  hamlet  of  Vinton  co.,  0.,  in 
Madison  township,  2  miles  from  Vinton  Furnace  Station,' 
and  5  miles  S.E.  of  McArthur.  Coal  and  iron  ore  are  found 
here.     Here  is  a  furnace  of  6000  tons'  capacity. 

Vinton  Furnace  Station  of  the  Marietta  &  Cincin- 
nati Railroad  is  8  miles  N.E.  of  Hamdcn,  and  3  miles  £. 
of  McArthur,  0. 

Vinton  Station,  a  post-office  of  Vinton  co.,  C,  at 
Vinton  Furnace  Station. 

Viola,  vi-o'la,  a  post-office  of  Blount  co.,  Ala. 

Viola,  a  post-office  of  Fulton  co.,  Ark. 

Viola,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  Del.,  on  the  Dela- 
ware Railroad.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Viola,  a  township  of  Lee  co.,  111.     Pop.  639. 

Viola,  a  post-village  in  Green  township,  Mercer  co., 
111.,  on  the  Galva  &  Keithsburg  Branch  of  the  Chicago, 
Burlington  <fc  Quincy  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of  Aledo,  and 
21  miles  S.  of  Rock  Island.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  407. 

Viola,  a  township  of  Audubon  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  218. 

Viola,  a  post-village  of  Linn  co.,  low.a,  in  Brown  town- 
ship, on  the  Dubuque  Southwestern  Railroad,  7  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Anamosa.     It  has  a  church. 

Viola,  a  post-office  of  Wexford  co.,  Mich.,  7  miles  from: 
Manton. 

Viola,  a  post-township  of  Olmsted  co.,  Minn.,  about  10  , 
miles  E.  by  N.  of  Rochester.     Pop.  798. 

Viola,  a  post-village  in  Viola  township,  Olmsted  eo., 
Minn.,  on  the  Eyota  &  Plainview  Railroad,  at  Viola  Sta- 
tion, 10  miles  S.  of  Plainview.  It  has  a  ohurch.  Here  is 
Viola  Centre  Post-Office. 

Viola,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clackamas  co.,  Oregon,  12  miles : 
E.S.E.  of  Oregon  City.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill, 

Viola,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  Tenn.,  11  miles 
S.AV.  of  McMinnville.     It  h.-us  3  stores  and  3  churches. 

Viola,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  Tex.,  8  miles  from 
Iloxie  Station  (Texas  Pacific  Railroad),  which  is  6  miles  S. 
of  Atlanta.     It  has  2  churches. 

Viola,  a  post-village  in  Forest  township,  Richland  co., . 
Wis.,  on  the  Kickapoo  River,  about  38  miles  S.E.  of  La 
Crosse.    It  has  a  church,  2  grist-mills,  and  a  saw-mill. 


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Viola  Centre^  a  post-hamlot  of  Viola  township,  Au- 
dubon CO.,  Iowa,  12  miles  N.  of  Esira. 

Viola  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Graves  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  I'adiicah  >fc  Memphis  llailroad,  16  miles  S.  of  Paduoah. 

Vi'olet,  a  hamlet  of  Osborne  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  North 
Fork  of  Solomon  Iliver,  and  on  the  Central  Branch  Union  & 
Pacific  Railroad,  24  miles  W.N.W.  of  Beloit.  The  name 
of  its  post-office  and  station  is  Downs. 
,  Violet,  a  township  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.  Pop.  2087. 
I  Vi'olet,  a  post-village  in  Addington  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Big  Creek,  17  miles  W.  of  Kingston.     Pop.  200. 

Violet  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Izard  co.,  Ark.,  60  miles 
N.W.  of  Newport.     It  has  a  church. 

Viona,  vi-o'n^,  a  post-office  of  Humboldt  co.,  Iowa,  25 
miles  S.  of  Algona. 

Vione,  ve-o'nA,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  68 
miles  N.E.  of  Bergamo.     Pop.  1298. 

Viotia,  a  district  of  Greece.    See  Bckotia. 

Vip'ond,  a  post-office  of  Beaver  Head  oo.,  Montana. 

Vique,  a  city  of  Spain.     See  Vicn. 

Virabhumi,  a  district  of  Bengal.     See  Beerbiioou. 

Viramgaon,  India.    See  Vebkumgaun. 

Viraiichipoora,  Virauchipura,  ve-r.1n-che-poo'r4, 
or  Brinjevcram,  brin-je-ve-rim',  a  town  of  British  In- 
dia, presidency  of  Madras,  district  of  North  Arcot,  near 
Vellore. 

Viran-Shehr,  Asia  Minor.    See  VEEUAN-SHEnR. 

Virapelly,  ve-r&-p6riee,  a  town  of  British  India,  ter- 
ritory and  9  miles  N.E.  of  Cochin. 

Virawah,  a  town  of  India.    See  Verawow. 

Vir'deii,  a  post-village  of  Macoupin  co..  III.,  on  the 
Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  21  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Springfield, 
and  31  miles  E.S.E.  of  Jacksonville.  It  has  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  4  churches,  a  machine-shop,  2  flour-mills, 
and  a  coal-mine.  It  is  the  S.E.  terminus  of  the  Jackson- 
ville, Northwe.<tern  <fc  Southeastern  Railroad.     Pop.  1800. 

Virdiere,  v^r-deer',  a  township  of  Colleton  co.,  S.C. 
Pop.  3176. 

Vire,  veeR  (anc.  Viraf),  a  river  of  France,  in  Manche 
and  Calvados,  after  a  N.  course  of  70  miles,  enters  the  Eng- 
lish Channel  15  miles  N.  of  Saint-Ld. 

Vire  (anc.  Viria  ?),  a  town  of  France,  department  of 
Calvados,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Vire,  36  miles  S.W.  of 
Caen.  Lat.  48°  51'  N. ;  Ion.  0°  55'  AV.  Pop.  6718.  It 
has  a  handsome  church,  a  communal  college,  a  public  li- 
brary, a  chamber  of  manufactures,  a  tribunal  of  commerce, 
and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths,  paper,  steel  goods, 
cotton  goods,  glass,  and  leather,  and  in  its  vicinity  are  iron- 
mines  and  forges. 

Virgil,  vir'jil,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Ga.,  6  miles 
from  Jefferson. 

Virgil,  a  township  of  Kane  co.,  111.     Pop.  1273. 

Virgil,  a  post-office  of  Greenwood  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Verdigris  River,  20  miles  S.AV.  of  Burlington. 

Virgil,  a  township  of  Vernon  co..  Mo.     Pop.  979. 

Virgil,  a  post-village,  in  Virgil  township,  Cortland  co., 
N.Y.,  about  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ithaca,  and  9  miles  S.  of 
Homer.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1859. 

Vir'gil,  or  Cross  Roads  (formerly  Lawrence- 
ville),  a  post-village  in  Lincoln  co.,  Ontario,  8  miles  N.E. 
of  St.  Catharines.     Pop.  100. 

Virgil  City,  a  post-village  of  Cedar  co.,  Mo.,  about  60 
miles  N.W.  of  Springfield.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  money-order  post-office. 

Virgin  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kane  co.,  Utah,  on  the 
Virgin  River,  about  60  miles  E.  by  N.  of  St.  George.  It 
'has  a  church. 

Vir'giu  Gor'da,  one  of  the  Virgin  Islands,  British 
West  Indies,  in  the  W.  part  of  the  group,  lat.  18°  30'  N., 
Ion.  64°  14'  W.  Length,  from  N.E.  to  S.AV.,  9  miles  ;  great- 
est breadth,  4  miles.  It  has  many  inlets  affording  anchor- 
age. Its  capital,  Spanish  Town,  is  situated  near  the  AV.  end 
of  the  island.     Pop.  768. 

Virginia,  v^r-jin'e-a,  a  town  of  Ireland,  co.  and  15 
miles  S.E.  of  Cavan.     Pop.  786. 

Virginia,  v^r-jin'e-a  (Fr.  Virginte,  veen'zhee'nee'),  an 
Atlantic  state  of  the  American  Union,  one  of  the  original 
thirteen  states,  is  bounded  N.E.  by  Maryland,  E.  by  Mary- 
land and  the  Atlantic,  S.  by  North  Carolina  and  Tennessee, 
and  N.W.  by  Kentucky  and  West  Virginia.  From  Mary- 
land it  is  divided,  for  the  most  part,  by  the  river  Potomac, 
from  Kentucky  by  the  Cumberland  Mountains,  and  from 
"West  Virginia  by  a  devious  line  which  follows,  in  part,  the 
crests  of  the  Blue  Ridge  and  other  ridges  of  the  Appala- 
chian system  of  mountains.  Area,  42,450  square  miles. 
The  boundary-line  with  Maryland  is  not  settled,  each 
lUaiming  jurisdiction  over  all  the  waters  of  the  Potomac 


along  their  respective  water-fronts  and  over  certain  isliii 
and  fishing-places  in  Chesapeake  Bny.  1 

Face  of  the  Country. — No  state  in  iho  Union  prcscn 
greater  variety  of  surface  than  Virginia,  from  tlie  in.,  ' 
tain-region  of  the  W.,  the  hilly  "  Picluiont  Country"  oi; , 
eastern  flank,  declining  eastward  to  the  "  Middle  Distri ' 
and  southeastward  to  the  "  South-Side  ;"  the  beautiful  "  \  i 
ley  of  Virginia,"  in  its  central  portion;   the  picturfw' 
"  Little  Tennessee"  country,  in  the  S.W. ;  the  "TideH:i 
district,"  E.  and  S.E.  of  the  Piedmont  region,  and  inch' 
ing  the  historic  "  Northern  Neck"  and  the  other  "  IVn 
sulas;"  and  lastly  the  detached  "  Eastern  Shore,"  whiuii  ll 
on  the  eastern  side  of  Chesapeake  Bay.     These  all  ha 
local  peculiarities  of  aspect, — the  western  portion  hiivi  '• 
much  sublime  and  inspiring  scenery,  the  eastern  slope  gn 
beauty  and  diversity  of  surface,  and  the  tide-water  countii 
a  generally  level  and  naturally  fertile  soil,  and  a  moregfiii; 
though  somewhat  less  healthful  climate,  owing  to  tliu  cj 
istence  of  such  tracts  of  land  as  the  Great  Dismal,  lUtili 
snake,  Chickahominy,  and  White  Oak  Swamps.  \ 

Geology  und  Mineral   We<ilth. — A  line  running  soutl! 
ward  from  Alexandria  to  Fredericksburg,  Richmond,  an' 
Petersburg  and  the  North  Carolina  line  marks  very  ncarl! 
the  limit  of  tide- water,  and  the  boundary  between  the  aioi; 
rocks  of  the  Piedmont  and  the  tertiary  and  alluvial  of  thj 
tide-water  counties.   The  azoic  region  is  limited  northwest; 
ward  by  the  base  of  the  Blue  Ridge,  but  upon  it  restsevcra' 
remarkable  short  N.  and  S.  belts  of  the  triassic, and  at  8cv'i 
eral  points  the  triassic  strata  are  coal-bearing,  as  in  tluj 
counties  of  Chesterfield,  Prince  Edward,  Henrico,  Powhatan,' 
and  Goochland,  and  again  in  the  vicinity  of  Danville.  Thesei 
triassic  coals  are  generally  bituminous  and  of  good  quality,' 
but  some  are  native  cokes  of  the  highest  excellence.  Theyi 
were  once  extensively  wrought   near  Richmond,  and  in 
1873  that  field  aff'orded  some  60,000  tons.    Themountainl 
and  valley  regions  beyond  the  Blue  Ridge  display  somewbiU  | 
complicated  successions  of  Silurian  and   Devonian  lime- 1 
stones,  sandstones,  and  shales.     In  the  southwestern  coun- 1 
ties  of  Buchanan,   Lee,  Wise,  Tazewell,  Russell,  Pulaski,  j 
Montgomery,  and  Wythe,  there  are  beds  of  coal  of  true  , 
carboniferous  age,  including  anthracite,  semi-bituminous, 
and  bituminous  coals  ;  but  they  are  not  much  wrought.  Vir-  ' 
ginia  has  gold,  copper,  lead,  iron  (in  abundance),  graphite,  '1 
zinc,  sulphur,  salt,  fire-clay,  kaolin,  gypsum  in  vast  beds,  1 
fine  granite,  slate,  marble,  limestone,  sandstone,  flagstone,  1 
pyritous  earth,  marls,  steatite,  water-lime,  and  other  useful  ! 
but  thus  far  not  extensively  utilized  minerals.    Salt  is  an 
important   product  of  Southwestern  Virginia.    The  state 
abounds  in   medicinal  springs  of  high  and  wide  repute, 
chiefly  in  the  mountain  and  Piedmont  districts.    Among 
them   are  the  AVhite  Sulphur  Springs,  of  Fauquier  co.; 
Rawley's,  in  Rockingham  ;  the  Augusta,  in  Augusta;  Bath 
Alum,  Warm,  Healing,  and  Hot,  in  Bath  ;  Alum,  in  Rock- 
bridge ;  Dibbrell's,  Dogger's,  and  Blue  Ridge  Spring,  in  Bo- 
tetourt ;  White  Sulphur  Spring,  in  Grayson  ;  Glade  Spring, 
in  Washington ;  Blue  Spring,  in  Smyth ;  Yellow  Sulphur, 
in  Montgomery  ;  Bufialo  Lithia,  in  Mecklenburg  ;  and  hun- 
dreds of  others,  of  general  or  local  fame  and  having  widely 
various  characters. 

Objects  of  Interest  to  Tourists. — Under  this  head  we  may 
enumerate,  besides  the  mineral  springs  of  the  state  (which 
are  generally  situated  in  most  picturesque  mountain-re- 
gions), Weyer's  Cave,  in  Augusta  co.,  and  other  interesting 
caverns  ;  the  Natural  Bridge,  in  Rockbridge  co. ;  the  Peaks 
of  Otter,  in  Bedford  and  Botetourt  cos.,  4200  feet  high;  Bal- 
sam Mountain  (5700  feet),  the  highest  land  in  the  state; 
the  Natural  Tunnel,  in  Scott  co.,  Ac.  The  mountains  of 
Virginia  have  a  delightful  summer  climate  and  inspiring 
scenery,  and  are  well  known  as  the  summer  resort  of 
thousands  seeking  rest,  recreation,  or  the  restoration  of 
health.  Old  Point  Comfort,  on  Chesapeake  Bay  and  Hamp- 
ton Roads,  is  a  well-known  seaside  resort. 

Cliihate. — The  mountain  counties  have  a  short  bat  some- 
what severe  winter,  with  long  and  delightfully  cool  summers. 
The  tide-water  country  has  many  swampy  tracts,  which 
render  it  unhealthy  for  strangers  during  summer  and 
autumn,  except  on  salt-water  channels  and  high  grounds. 
Bat  this  region  has  a  very  mild  winter  climate. 

Bays,  Rivera,  drc. — Chesapeake  Bay,  Hampton  Roads, 
and  the  noble  estuaries  of  the  Potomac,  Rappahannock, 
York,  James,  Nansemond,  and  Elizabeth,  afford  e.xcellcnt 
shipping  facilities  in  Eastern  Virginia.  The  principal 
affluents  of  the  Potomac  are  the  Shenandoah  and  its  forks; 
of  the  Rappahannock,  the  Rapidan ;  of  the  York,  the  Pa- 
munkey  and  the  Mattapony  ;  of  the  James,  the  Appomattox 
and  the  Chickahominy.  The  Nottoway,  Blackwatcr,  and 
Meherrin  flow  into  the  Chowan   in  North  Carolina,  tht 


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I!i  and  the  Staunton  form  the  Roanoke,  and  in  the  S.W. 
tire  are  important  affluents  of  the  Tennessee  and  Great 
liawha  Rivers.  Several  of  the  eastern  tributary  rivers 
ri'iive  the  tides,  and  afford  some  navigation,  but  not  by 
a^  means  so  extensively  as  in  colonial  times,  for  the  effect 
o'ligriculture  has  been  to  silt  up  many  minor  channels 
wlsre  the  (low  of  water  is  not  strong.  The  navigation  of 
t!  James  River  has  been  supplemented  by  the  construction 

0  1  canal  along  its  upper  course,  from  Richmond  to  Buch- 
an,  196  miles.  In  the  S.E.  the  Albemarle  <fc  Chesa- 
pke,  Jericho,  and  Dismal  Swamp  Canals  afford  commer- 
c    intercourse  with  the  sounds  of  North  Carolina. 

y'ureHtn. — Virginia  affords  much  white  oak,  yellow  pine, 
cjar,  juniper,  and  cypress  timber,  and  has  extensive  for- 
es of  long-leaved,  oldfield,  and  other  pines,  besides  much 
liUory,  ash,  persimmon,  walnut,  tulip,  locust,  chestnut, 
(III,  linden,  <fec.  Dismal  Swamp  has  afforded  a  great  deal 
otimbor,  and  the  lumber  interest  of  the  state  is  still  one 
oinuch  importance.  Tanners'  bark,  sumach-leaves,  fire- 
V3d,  charcoal,  &c.,  are  important  forest  products.  The 
fsjsts  in  many  parts  still  abound  in  deer  and  other  game. 

^ijn'cHltural  Resources. — The  exhaustless  fertility  of  the 

1  estune  lands  of  the  charming  Valley  of  Virginia  and  of 
'  ittlo  Tennessee,"  and  the  marly  soils  of  some  of  the 
rer  alluvions,  will  probably  save  them  from  the  fate  of 
s'le  of  the  eastern  and  central  counties,  where  an  ill- 
j'lgod  system  of  tobacco-culture  has  worn  out  many  once 
Inductive  plantations  and  caused  them  to  be  abandoned 
tiforest-growth.  There  is  no  question,  however,  that  the 
gliater  part  of  the  old  field-lands  are  by  no  means  worn 
c'. ;  and,  after  their  long  rest,  many  old  plantations  have 
bn  found  admirably  adapted  to  the  growth  of  the  peach, 
fiiwberry,  and  other  fruits,  and  the  raising  of  early  vego- 
tjiles  for  Northern  markets  has  become  iin  important  in- 
tbtry  in  the  eastern  section.  Moreover,  some  of  the  best 
sis  in  the  state  are  swamps  which  have  not  yet  been 
nined,  although  they  might  be  so  treated  without  large 
cliiy.  Wheat  and  Indian  corn  do  well  in  every  part  of 
Vginia,  and  are  of  excellent  quality.  For  stock-raising, 
ijol-growing,  and  dairy-farming  the  state  offers  great 
ftilities.  No  state  in  the  Union,  except  Kentucky,  equals 
li-  in  the  amount  and  value  of  her  ancient  staple,  tobacco; 
11  the  spread  of  the  system  of  mixed  agriculture  has 
ctainished  its  importance.  The  recent  settlement  of  many 
]lglish  and  other  agriculturists  in  Virginia  promises 
\\\{  for  her  future  farming  interests.  For  the  easy  res- 
I'ation  of  her  lands  she  has  excellent  marls  and  gypsum 
ijabundance. 

iMnnn/ncture8. — Many  of  the  rivers  (like  the  James  at 
Richmond  and  the  Rappahannock  at  Fredericksburg)  offer 
jbat  water-power  of  unusually  constant  character.  The 
I'lnufacturing  interests  of  the  state  have  been  of  slow  de- 
'!lopment;  but  the  tobacco-works  of  Lynchburg  and  Dan- 
''le,  the  flour-manufactures  of  Alexandria,  and  the  iron- 
ilablishments  of  Richmond  have  been  successfully  estab- 
Ined  for  many  years.  Leather,  lumber,  carriage-work, 
iollens,  paper,  bricks,  shoes,  furniture,  cooperage,  salt, 
>.,  are  now  manufactured  to  some  extent.  In  1890  the 
'lie  produced  302,447  tons  of  pigiron,  but  very  little  steel 
(manufactured  at  present.  Building-stone,  slate,  gold, 
ki\,  zinc,  and  copper  are  also  produced  to  some  extent. 
fFUheries. — The  tidal  waters  of  the  state  afford  profitable 
:|heries  of  shad,  bass,  and  other  food-fishes,  and  the  oyster- 
ich  is  of  great  pecuniary  importance.  The  state  has  en- 
ituraged  and  protected  these  industries  by  appropriate 
jjislation.  Many  oysters  are  shipped  lience  for  planting  in 
brthern  waters. 

\Comtnerce. — No  state  in  the  country  has  natural  ndvan- 
ges  for  commerce  equal  to  those  of  Virginia;  but  it  is 
■lly  of  late  that  her  ports  have  begun  to  take  a  prominent 
|a.ro  in  foreign  trade.  Norfolk  has  recently  become  a  lead- 
tg  cotton-port,  and,  with  Alexandria,  she  has  important 
teign  and  coast-wise  traffic.  The  other  ports  of  entry  are 
ptersburg,  Richmond,  Yorktown,  and  Tappahannock,  and 
ty  Point,  Suffolk,  Acquia  Creek,  Williamsburg,  and  other 
jftces  on  tide-water,  are  sJiipping-points  of  more  or  less 
iportance.  Hampton  Roads  is  the  grandest  harbor  upon 
r.r  Atlantic  coast. 

iGoueniment,  <fcc. — The  governor  and  principal  executive 
iacers  are  ciiosen  for  the  term  of  4  years.  Voters  must 
jiy  a  small  capitiition-tax,  and  must  have  resided  one  year 
the  state  and  3  months  in  the  district  where  the  vote  is 
(ken.  Judges  are  appointed  by  the  general  assembly  for 
jiuited  terms  of  service.  The  general  assembly  consists  of 
Isenate  of  43  and  a  house  of  delegates  of  138  members, 
ifae  state  sends  ten  members  to  the  lower  house  of  Congress. 
;ichmond  is  the  capital,  and  the  seat  of  the  state  peniten- 


tiary. There  are  state  lunatic  asylums  at  Staunton,  Rich 
mond,  and  Williamsburg,  and  Staunton  is  the  seat  of  the 
state  institution  for  the  deaf  and  dumb  and  the  blind. 

liailroada  connect  at  Washington,  D.C.,  with  the  North- 
ern system  of  roads,  and  important  trunk-lines  extend 
southward,  southwestward,  and  westward;  but  the  extent 
of  local  lines  and  feeders  is  not  equal  to  what  we  find 
in  most  of  the  Northern  states.  In  1850  there  were  384 
miles  of  railroad;  in  1855,  912  miles;  in  1860,  1379  miles; 
in  1865,  1407  miles;  in  1870,  1483  miles;  in  1875,  1608 
miles;  in  1880,  1826  miles;  in  1885,  2692  miles;  in  1890, 
3368  miles. 

The  Counties  are  100,  viz.,  Accomack,  Albemarle,  Alex- 
andria, Alleghany,  Amelia,  Amherst,  Appomattox,  Augusta, 
Bath,  Bedford,  Bland,  Botetourt,  Brunswick,  Buchanan, 
Buckingham,  Campbell,  Caroline,  Carroll,  Charles  City, 
Charlotte,  Chesterfield,  Clarke,  Craig,  Culpeper,  Cumber- 
land, Dickenson,  Dinwiddle,  Elizabeth  City,  Essex,  Fair- 
fax, Fauquier,  Floyd,  Fluvanna,  Franklin,  Frederick,  Giles, 
Gloucester,  Goochland,  Grayson,  Greene,  Greenville,  Hali- 
fax, Hanover,  Henrico,  Henry,  Highland,  Isle  of  Wight, 
James  City,  King  and  Queen,  King  George,  King  William, 
Lancaster,  Lee,  Loudoun,  Louisa,  Lunenburg,  Madison, 
Matthews,  Mecklenburg,  Middlesex,  Montgomery,  Nanse- 
mond.  Nelson,  New  Kent,  Norfolk,  Northampton,  North- 
umberland, Nottoway,  Orange,  Page,  Patrick,  Pittsylvania, 
Powhatan,  Prince  Edward,  Prince  George,  Princess  Anne, 
Prince  William,  Pulaski,  Rappahannock,  Richmond,  Roan- 
oke, Rockbridge,  Rockingham,  Russell,  Scott,  Shenandoah^ 
Smyth,  Southampton,  Spottsylvania,  Stafford,  Surry,  Sussex, 
Tazewell,  Warren,  Warwick,  Washington,  Westmoreland, 
Wise,  Wythe,  and  York. 

The  Principal  Cities  and  Towns  are  Richmond,  the  capi- 
tal (pop.  in  1890,  81,388);  Petersburg,  on  the  Appomattox 
(22,680);  Norfolk,  the  principal  seaport  (34,871);  Ports- 
mouth, near  Norfolk  (13,268) ;  Alexandria,  on  the  Potomac 
(14,339) ;  Lynchburg,  a  great  tobacco-mart  (19,709) ;  Staun- 
ton (6975),  Fredericksburg  (4528),  Winchester  (5196),  Dan- 
ville (10,305),  Charlottesville  (5591),  Roanoke  (16,159), 
Manchester  (9246),  Newport  News  (4449),  Berkeley  (3899), 
North  Danville  (3799),  Suffolk  (3354),  Salem  (3297),  Lex- 
ington (3059),  Pocahontas  (2953),  Bristol  (2902),  Bedford 
(2897),  Luray  (2809),  and  Harrisonburg  (2792).  These  and 
many  smaller  towns  have,  as  a  rule,  a  commercial  impor- 
tance far  exceeding  what  might  be  expected  from  their 
size. 

Education.  —  A  free  public-school  system,  with  state, 
county,  and  city  superintendents,  and  separate  schools  for 
colored  pupils,  is  provided  for  by  the  constitution.  The 
schools  are  mainly  supported  by  state  and  local  taxation. 
Graded  and  free  high  schools  are  maintained  in  the  more 
populous  places.  Normal  instruction  for  colored  teachers 
is  given  in  three  private  institutions.  There  are  a  large 
number  of  academies,  seminaries,  and  other  incorporated 
private  or  parochial  schools.  The  University  of  Virginia, 
near  Charlottesville,  is  a  state  institution,  founded  by  Jef- 
ferson, and  at  present  taking  a  high  rank  among  American 
colleges.  Other  imj)ortant  institutions  are  Washington  and 
Lee  University,  at  Lexington,  William  and  Mary  College, 
at  AVilliamsburg  (established  in  1660),  Emory  and  Henry 
College,  in  Washington  co.  (Methodist),  Hampden-Sydney 
College,  in  Prince  Edward  co.  (Presbyterian),  Richmond 
College,  at  Richmond  (Baptist),  Randolph -Macon  College, 
at  Ashland  (Methodist),  Roanoke  College,  at  Salem  (Lu- 
theran), the  state  agricultural  college,  at  Blacksburg,  and 
the  female  colleges  at  Abingdon,  Danville,  Farmvillo,  and 
Petersburg.  There  are  also  professional  schools  of  high 
character  in  the  state. 

Finances. — In  1890  the  state  debt  amounted  to  $31,067,- 
137,  the  most  of  which  was  contracted  in  the  building  of  . 
railroads  and  canals.  This  amount  is  exclusive  of  the  pro- 
portion (one-third)  of  the  old  state  debt  assumed  by  West 
Virginia.  In  the  same  year  the  assessed  value  of  taxable 
property  was  $362,422,741. 

History. — Virginia,  "  the  Old  Dominion,"  so  called  be- 
cause it  was  the  oldest  successful  British  colony  in  America, 
was  founded  in  1607  by  a  party  of  English,  led  by  Captain 
John  Smith.  The  first  settlement  was  at  Jamestown.  The 
early  settlers  were  friends  of  the  Anglican  church  and  of 
the  royal  supremacy,  and  among  them  were  many  persons 
of  gentle  birth.  The  early  years  of  the  colony  were  much 
disturbed  by  Indian  wars.  Virginia  also  took  a  prominent 
part  in  the  French  wars,  sending  her  troops  as  far  as  to 
Maine  and  Nova  Scotia,  and  in  1755  Colonel  Washington's 
provincials  prevented  the  utter  ruin  of  Braddock's  army. 
During  the  Revolution  she  bore  a  conspicuous  and  gal- 
lant part.    Seven  presidents  (Washington,  Jefferson,  Madi- 


VIR 


2738 


VIS 


ton,  Monroo,  Harrison,  Tylor,  and  Taylor),  and  such  statea- 
uien  and  patriots  as  llonry,  the  Lees,  Marshall,  and  CIny, 
wore  born  in  this  ctjite.  During  the  war  of  1861-65  Vir- 
ginia wiis  the  theatre  of  almost  continual  military  opera- 
tions, from  which  she  suffered  much.  Since  the  return  of 
peace,  wise  and  uiodorato  counsels  have  for  the  most  part 
|)revaiIod,  and  there  has  been  a  steady  advance  in  material 
prosperity.  West  Virginia  was  set  off  as  a  separate  state 
in  1363. 

The  PopnUition  in  1790  was  747,610:  in  1800,  880,200; 
In  1810,  U74,600;  in  1820,  l,0Cj,.S66  :  in  1830.  1,211,405; 
In  1840,  1,239,797;  in  1850,  1,421,661;  in  1860, 1,596,318  ; 
in  1870  (after  the  separation  of  West  Virginia),  1,225,163; 
in  1880,  1,512,565;  in  1890,  1,655,980. 

Virginia^  a  post-ofHoe  of  San  Diego  co„  Cal. 

Yirgiuia^  a  city,  capital  of  Cass  oo.,  III.,  in  Virginia 
township,  on  the  Jacksonville  Southeastern  Ilailroad  where 
it  crosses  the  Springfield  division  of  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi 
Kailroad,  15  miles  N.  of  Jacksonville,  13  miles  K.  by  S. 
of  Bcard^town,  and  33  miles  W.N.W.  of  Springfield.  It  is 
situated  in  a  farming  region.  It  has  2  national  banks,  2 
newspaper  offices,  5  churches,  a  high  school,  a  flour-mill, 
and  manufactures  of  cigars,  wagons,  <tc.  Pop.  in  1S90, 
1602. 

Virginia,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  913. 

Virginia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dates  oo..  Mo.,  16  miles  E. 
of  La  Cygne,  Kansas. 

Virginia,  a  township  of  Pemiscot  co..  Mo.     Pop.  370. 

Virginia,  a  township  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.     Pop.  1014. 

Virginia  City,  a  mining-town,  the  capital  of  Madison 
CO.,  Montana,  is  situated  in  Alder  Quich,  about  110  miles 
(direct)  S.  of  Helena.  Lat.  145°  19'  1"  N, ;  Ion.  111°  66' 
30"  W.  Its  altitude  is  computed  to  be  6713  feet  above  the 
level  of  the  sea.  It  is  located  in  the  centre  of  one  of  the 
richest  mining-districts  of  Montana.  "  It  is  estimated," 
says  Prof.  Hayden  in  his  report  for  1871,  "  that  $30,000,000 
of  gold  have  been  taken  out  of  Alder  Uulch  since  its  dis- 
covery in  1863.  .  .  .  The  gangue-material  is  very  similar 
to  that  in  the  gold-lodes  about  Central  City,  Col., — quartz 
and  feldspar  of  various  textures."  Silver,  limestone,  gneiss, 
galena,  and  serpentine  arc  found  here.  Alder  Uulch  is 
about  16  miles  long,  and  has  several  tributaries  which  con- 
tain gold.  There  are  in  the  vicinity  of  Virginia  several 
quartz-mines  and  numerous  placer-diggings.  This  town 
has  3  churches,  a  weekly  newspaper  office,  2  banks,  a  graded 
school,  and  a  court-house  which  cost  $35,000.  Here  are 
hot  springs,  which  are  reputed  to  be  a  valuable  remedy  for 
rheumatism  and  diseases  of  the  skin,  having  properties 
similar  to  the  Hot  Springs  of  Arkansas.    Pop.  in  1890,  675. 

Virginia  City,  the  commercial  metropolis  of  Nevada, 
and  the  capital  of  Storey  oo.,  is  situated  among  rocky 
ledges  and  ravines  on  the  eastern  slope  of  Mount  Davidson, 
15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Carson  City,  about  200  miles  in  a  direct 
line  N.E.  of  San  Francisco,  and  12  miles  S.  of  the  Central 
Pacific  Railroad.  It  is  6205  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea, 
and  near  lat.  39°  22'  N.  and  Ion.  119°  35'  W.  It  is  a  ter- 
minus of  the  Virginia  &  Truckce  Kailroad,  which  connects 
with  the  Central  Pacific  Ilailroad  at  Reno.  The  principal 
streets  are  level,  having  been  in  many  places  graded 
through  the  solid  native  rock.  The  business  streets  are 
lined  with  substantial  stone  and  brick  buildings,  some  of 
which  are  5  stories  high.  The  environs  are  adorned  with 
many  beautiful  and  costly  residences.  The  city  is  supplied 
with  good  light,  and  with  spring  water  conveyed  through 
the  streets  in  pipes.  It  contains  a  court-houses,  4  churches, 
2  theatres,  a  branch  of  the  banking-house  of  Wells,  Fargo 
&  Co.,  several  assay-offices,  and  printing-offices  which  issue 
2  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers.  This  city  owes  its  pros- 
perity and  imporlSince  to  its  silver-mines,  which  are  per- 
haps the  richest  in  the  United  States,  particularly  the 
famous  Comstock  Ledge  or  Lode,  discovered  in  1859,  and 
the  Big  Bonanza,  or  Consolidated  Virginia,  which  are  sev- 
erally reported  to  have  yielded  at  times  over  $10,000,000 
worth  of  silver  per  annum.  On  the  26th  of  October,  1875, 
a  great  fire  destroyed  several  public  buildings,  hotels, 
churches,  banks,  and  other  business-houses  of  this  city. 
Pop.  in  1870,  7048;  in  1880,  10,917;  in  1890,  8511. 

Virginia  Dale,  Colorado,  a  valley  in  Larimer  co., 
about  14  miles  S.  of  the  Pacific  Railroad,  and  on  or  near 
the  summit  of  the  Laramie  Range.  It  has  long  been  cele- 
brated for  the  beauty  of  its  scenery. 

Virginia  Dale,  a  poi^t-office  of  Larimer  oo..  Col.,  about 
100  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Denver,  and  near  the  summit  of 
the  Laramie  Range.  It  is  surrounded  by  admirable 
scenery. 

Virginia  Alines,  a  hamlet  of  Franklin  oo.,  Mo.,  on 
the  Maramec  River,  about  50  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Louis. 


Virginia  Mountain,  Colorado,  ii  in  Int.  :)9o  i<t'  '■ 
N.,  Ion.  105°  18'  W.      It  has  an  altitude  uf  Ui.i.mu 
above  the  level  of  the  sea,  and  is  a  connpicuou*  l«ii,ii„  i 

Virginia  Paper-Mills,  a  station  of  the  Itultlul, 
A  Ohio  Railroad  (Valley  Brunch),  2  miles  S.  of  Wiucl 
tor,  Va.  I" 

Virginia  Point,  a  station  in  Galveston  oo.,  Tci 
Galveston  Bay,  and  on  the  Gulvecton,  llounton  k  llcndii, 
Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Gulf,  Colorado  i,  tianu 
Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  lialveston  City. 

Virgin  (vir'jin)  Islands,  a  group  of  about  100  la 
islands  in  the  West  Indies,  between  lat.  18°  5'  and  ls» 
N.  and  Ion.  04°  10'  and  65°  40'  W.,  occupying  a  tu 
about  100  miles  long  by  20  miles  wide.   Not  iibovt  ~  ' 
are  inhabited  and  cultivated.     The  chief  exports 
molasses,  rum,  cotton,  salt,  ginger,  turniuric,  tm. 
mento,  and  indigo.     Vegetables  nnd  fruits  are  uLuiiilj 
The  climate  is  subject  to  much  fluctuation,  and  «lixht  ulio-j 
of  earthquakes  are  occasionally  felt.     The  islands  are  I 
posed  to  a  heavy  swell,  and  the  obstacles  o]ipoicd  to 
tidal  wave  between  them  produce  some  exfrnordinary  t. 
nomena,  the  waves  sometimes  breaking  »•.■    : 
with  great  violence  without  there  being  a: 
a  previous  gale.     The  Virgin  Islands  arc  -         ,         ,, 
Britain,  which  has  about  50,  the  principal  of  wbith  i 
Tortola,  Anegada,  Virgin  Oorda,  Jost  Van-Dyke,  liua 
Isle,   Beef  and   Thatch  Islands,   Prickly  Pear,  Cam.-in 
Cooper,  Salt,  St.  Peter's,  and  several  smaller  island*;  1)( 
mark,  which   has  St.  Thomas,  Santa  Cruz,  nnd  St.  .lol 
with  a  considerable  number  of  islets;  and  Spain,  wli 
has  Vieque  or  Crab  Island,  besides  some  islets.    Tlic  ^ro 
was  discovered  by  Columbus  on  his  second  voyage,  in  141 
The  British  Virgin  Islands  were  in   1873  attached  to  t 
colony  of  Leeward  Islands.     Pop.  (1881)  6287. 

Virgin  Kiver,  Utah.    See  Rio  Vihokn. 

Vir'ginviHe,  a  post-hamlet  in  Richmond  townshi 
Berks  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Berks  «t  Lehigh  Brunch  Railroad, 
miles  N.  of  Reading.     It  has  2  churches. 

Virlc,  veeR'lA,  a  village  of  Italy,  provinee  of  Tar! 
district  of  Pinerolo.     Pop.  1830. 

Viroflay,  veeVo'fli',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine 
Oise,  arrondissement  of  Versailles.     Pop.  1282. 

Viroqua,  vi-ro'kwah,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jones  co.,  low 
on  the  Sabula,  Ackley  k  Dakota  Railroad,  19  miles  K. 
Marion.     It  has  several  churches. 

Viroqua,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Vernon  oo.,  \l\f. 
Viroqua  township,  about  30  miles  S.E.  of  La  Crosse,  li 
32  miles  S.  of  Sparta.  It  has  a  court-house,  3  churches, 
newspaper  offices,  an  academy  or  high  school,  and  luan 
factures  of  carriages  and  cigars.  Pop.  in  1890,  127U;  < 
the  township,  1680. 

Viroqua  Junction,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Wii 
on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  liailroad,  nt  tl 
junction  of  the  Viroqua  Branch,  2  miles  S.  of  Sparta. 

Virtemberg,  or  Virtemberga.    Sue  Wuktembeb 

Virton,  veeRH6N<>',  a  town  of  Belgian  Luxembourg,  1 
miles  S.W.  of  Arlon.     Pop.  2040. 

Virtzerv,  veCitt-zSRv',  or  Wiirzsee,  *Unt's4,  a  Ut 
of  Russia,  in  Livonia,  between  Dorpat  nnd  Fellin,  is  'a 
miles  in  length,  by  8  miles  in  breadth.  It  is  an  expansici 
of  the  Embach,  which  leaves  its  N.E.  extremity. 

Vis,  an  island  of  Dalmatia.    See  Lissa. 

Visa,  a  town  of  Turkey.    See  VizA. 

Visage,  viz'aj,  a  post-office  of  Towns  co.,  Oa.,  40  mill 
N.W.  of  Mount  Airy. 

Visalia,  vi-sa'le-a,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Tulare  oo 
Cal.,  62  miles  by  rail'S.E.  of  Stockton,  and  6  miles  E.  oj 
Goshen  Station  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad.  A  branc 
railroad  connects  it  with  that  station.  It  has  a  eourt-hou« 
5  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  oflices,  an  aciuleniy, 
United  States  land-office,  2  breweries,  2  public  halls,  and 
flour-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  2885. 

Visalia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kenton  co.,  Ky.,  on  tb 
Licking  River,  and  on  the  Kentucky  Central  Uailroadj 
15  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Covington.  It  has  a  church  and  i 
stores. 

Visan,  vee^ziK"',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vauolme.  I 
miles  N.E.  of  Orange.     Pop.  1009. 

Visavili,  the  ancient  name  of  Bi.ssoleb. 

Viscardo,  Cape.    See  Cape  ViscAiino. 

Viscari,  a  town  of  Sicily.    See  Biscaui. 

Viscaya,  a  province  of  Spain.    See  Biscat. 

Vische,  vis'ki,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Turin 
10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ivrea,  on  the  Dora  Baltea.  It  has  ai 
old  castle.     Pop.  2382. 

Vischegrad,  vish'^h-grid',  a  village  of  Bosnia,  on  th 
Drin,  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bosna  Serai. 


VIS 


2739 


VIT 


Vischera,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Visiieua. 
Visch'er's   Fer'ry,  or  Am'ity,  a  post-liainlet  of 
Iratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  tho  Mohawlj  lliver,  and  on  the  Erie 
mal,  1  mile  from  Niskayuna  Station,  and  about  12  miles 
;  W.  of  Troy.     It  has  2  churches,  a  flouring-mill,  <tc. 
Vischnii  Volotchok.    See  Vishsee  Voi-otchok. 
Vise,  vco'zA'  (Oer.  Wexet,  *i'g§t),  a  town  of  Belgium, 
niles  N.E.  of  Liege,  on  the  Mouse.     Pop.  2354. 
Viseu,  vec'sA-oo,  a  city  of  Portugal,  province  of  Beira, 
.   miles  N.N.B.  of  Coiiubra.     Pop.  5858.     It  is  ill  built 
I  d  dirty,  but  its  cathedral  contains  some  good  works  of 
i;,  and  it  has  a  college,  a  largo  hospital,  many  Moorish 
id  Gothic  edifices,  Roman  antiquities,  and  an  annual  fair. 
Vishcra,  Vischcra,  Vichera,  or  Wischera,  ve- 
I  i'r&  or  vish-i-ri',  a  river  of  Russia,  government  of  Perm, 
:e8  in  the  Ural  Mountains,  flows  W.  and  S.,  and,  after 
;!eiring  some  large  affluents,  joins  tlie  Kama  24  miles 
:  W.  of  Solikamsk.     Course,  260  miles.     It  is  navigable, 
I  d  traverses  a  densely-wooded  country. 
Viahnapura,  India.    See  Bissumpoor. 
Vishnee  (or  Vishnii)  Volotchok,  vish'nee  or  vish'- 
i:eo  vo-lo-chok',  written  also  Vischuii  Volotchok  and 
'  ischnei  Wolotschok,  a  town  of  Russia,  government 
li  70  miles  N.W.  of  Tver,  on  the  Zna,  at  the  commence- 
mt  of  the  canal  which  unites  it  with  the  Tvertsa,  and  on 
I J  great  route  between  Moscow  and  St.  Petersburg.     Pop. 
!  ,408.  It  has  a  cathedral,  bazaar,  and  3  annual  fairs.  The 
I  (lal  between  the  Zna  and  Tvertsa,  constructed  under  Peter 
I!  Great,  connects  the  navigation  of  the  Baltic  and  Cas- 
■  m  Seas,  and  is  frequented  by  upwards  of  2000  vessels  an- 
ially,  rendering  the  town  a  large  entrepot. 
Vishnu  Prayaga,  vish'noo  prl-yi'gi,  a  place  of  pil- 
]  imago  in  India,  at  the  junction  of  two  heads  of  the  Gan- 
jS.     Lat.  30°  34'  N. ;  Ion.  79°  4'  E. 
Visiapoiir,  India.    See  Be.iapoor. 
Visingso,  vee'sings-o^  an  island  of  Sweden,  in  the  S. 
I  Lake  Wetter.     It  is  a  narrow  strip  little  more  than  a 
!  le  wide,  stretching  about  6  miles  N.  to  S.,  with  the  re- 
nins of  two  old  castles  of  great  historical  interest. 
Visioogan,  or  Visiugan,  ve-se-oo-g4n',  a  river  of 
Iberia,  rises  in  the  E.  of  tho  government  of  Tobolsk,  lat. 
,°  30'  N.,  flows  E.N.E.,  and,  after  a  course  of  about  170 
:  les,  joins  the  Obi  about  30  miles  below  Narym. 
Viso,  El,  61  vee'so,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
evince  and  40  miles  N.  of  Cordova.     Pop.  3166. 
Viso  del  Alcor,  vee'so  ddl  il-koR',  a  town  of  Spain, 
bvince  and  14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Seville.     Pop.  5249. 
Viso  del  Marques,  vee'so  dSl  maR'kSs,  a  town  of 
iain,  ])rovince  and  28  miles  S.E.  of  Ciudad  Real,  at  the 
:)t  of  the  Sierra  Morena.     Pop.  3136. 
Viso  de  los  Pedroches,  vee'so  di  loce  pi-r)ro'ch5s, 
;town  of  Spain,  province  and  35  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cordova, 
;  the  foot  of  the  Sierra  Morena.     Pop.  3166. 
Visoka,  ve-so'k&,   a  town   of  Bosnia,  on   the  Bosna 
ver,  17  miles  N.W.  of  Bosna  Serai.    Pop.  2000.     Near  it 
'.b  iron-mines  and  medicinal  springs. 
Viso,  Monte.    See  Monte-Viso. 

Vissegrad,   vish'i^grod'    (Ger.  PUntenburg,  plin't^n- 
oRO^),  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  21  miles  N.N.W.  of 
isth,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Danube. 
Vis'ta,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  about  44 
lies  N.E.  of  New  York.     It  has  2  churches. 
Vistorio,  vis-to're-o,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
irin,  about  10  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Ivrea.     Pop.  6166, 
Vistre,  veest'r,  a  river  of  France,  in  Gard,  after  a  S.W. 
urse  of  30  miles,  joins  the  canal  connecting  Beaucaire 
th  the  Mediterranean,  near  Aigues-Mortcs. 
Vistritz,  vis'trits,  or  Vistritza,  vis-trit'sl  (anc.  ^r'l- 
n),  a  river  of  European  Turkey,  Macedonia,  after  a  N.E. 
d  S.E.  course  of  80  miles,  joins  the  Vardar  near  its  mouth 
the  Gulf  of  Salonica. 

Vistula,  vis'tu-14  (Ger.  lV'e/c7i«e/,  ■ft-ik's^l ;  Polish,  Wia- 
,  i^ces'lH;  anc.  Vis'lula),  a  river  of  Europe,  rises  in  the 
irpathian  Mountains,  flows  into  Austrian  Silesia,  partly 
parates  Galicia  from  Poland,  traverses  Poland  and  East 
'ussia,  forming  the  main  channel  of  trade  in  these  coun- 
les,  past  Cracow,  Warsaw,  Plock,  Thorn,  Culm,  Graudenz, 
id  Duntzic,  and  enters  the  Baltic  by  several  mouths,  of 
lich  the  most  E.,  called  the  Nogat,  enters  the  Frische-HafiT 
LW.  of  Elbing.  The  AV.  branch  again  divides  into  2 
bas,  one  of  which  enters  the  Baltic  near  Dantzic.  Total 
urse,  including  windings,  530  miles.  Principal  affluents, 
1  the  right,  tho  Wisloka,  San,  Wieprz,  and  Bug;  on  the 
ft,  the  Pilica  and  Bzura. 

Vis'tula,  a  post-haralet  of  Elkh.art  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
ike  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  13  miles  E.  by 
.  of  Elkhart.     It  has  2  oburohes.    Pop.  160. 


Visurgas,  the  ancient  name  of  the  Weser. 

Vita,  vee'ti,  a  town  of  Sicily,  near  tho  source  of  tlM 
Birgi,  45  miles  S.W.  of  Palermo.     Pop.  4438. 

Vita,  an  island  and  town  of  Africa.     See  Mombas. 

Vitchegda,  Vytchegda,  Vychegda,  vo-chJg'dd, 
or  Witschegda,  a  river  of  Russia,  traverses  the  centre 
of  the  government  of  Vologda,  chiefly  in  a  W.  direction, 
and  joins  the  Dwina  12  miles  W.  of  Solvitchcgodsk.  Total 
course,  380  miles,  mostly  navigable.  Afliuents,  the  Yolva, 
Yarenga,  and  Sysola. 

Vitebsk,  or  Witepsk,  ve-tJbsk',  a  government  of  Rus- 
sia, mostly  between  lat.  54°  58'  and  57°  20'  N.  and  Ion.  25° 
30'  and  32°  E.,  surrounded  by  the  governments  of  Mohce- 
lev,  Minsk,  Courland,  Livonia,  Pskov,  and  Smolensk.  Area, 
17,439  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1870,  888,727,  mostly  Roman 
Catholics.  Surface  generally  level.  The  soil,  though  inter- 
spersed with  sandy  and  marshy  tracts,  is  pretty  fertile,  and 
more  corn  is  raised  than  is  required  for  homo  consumption, 
as  well  as  large  quantities  of  hemp  and  flax,  pease,  beans, 
hops,  and  fruits.  Principal  river,  the  DUna,  which  traverses 
its  S.  part,  and  by  which,  and  the  canals  uniting  it  with  the 
Berezina  and  Lovat,  its  trade  is  greatly  facilitated.  Forests 
and  pasture-lands  are  extensive,  and  in  the  latter  many 
cattle  and  coarse-woolled  sheep  are  reared.  The  manufac- 
tures comprise  those  of  woollen  cloth,  leather,  glass,  and 
earthenware.  The  exports  are  mostly  confined  to  agri- 
cultural produce,  timber  and  masts,  hides,  wool,  tallow, 
honey,  and  wax.  Principal  towns,  Vitebsk  (the  capital), 
Velizh,  Diinaburg,  Rezhitza,  and  Polotzk. 

Vitebsk,  or  VVitepsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  the  capital 
of  a  government  of  its  own  name,  is  situated  on  both  sides 
of  the  DUna,  here  joined  by  the  Viteba,  95  miles  N.  of  Mo- 
heelev.  Pop.  31,182.  It  is  enclosed  by  old  walls,  and  built 
mostly  of  wood,  but  has  numerous  churches,  convents,  and 
synagogues,  an  old  castle,  a  bazaar,  a  college  of  nobles,  a 
medical  direction,  and  several  hospitals,  with  manufactures 
of  woollen  cloth  and  leather.  It  is  the  residence  of  a  civil 
governor  and  a  military  governor. 

Viterbo,  ve-t^R'bo,  a  city  of  Central  Italy,  at  the  foot 
of  Monte  Cimino,  in  the  Campagna  di  Roma,  42  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Rome.  Pop.  64,676.  It  is  enclosed  by  turretcd 
walls,  chiefly  constructed  by  Dcsiderius,  the  last  Lombard 
king  of  Italy,  is  generally  well  built  of  volcanic  tufa,  and 
has  many  handsome  residences  and  public  fountains.  Seve- 
ral of  the  churches  are  rich  in  works  of  art,  and  in  one  is  a 
master])iece  of  Sebastian  del  Piombo.  The  bishop's  palace 
and  city  hall  are  fine  buildings,  and  the  latter,  as  well  as 
the  museum  of  the  academy,  contains  various  Etruscan  an- 
tiquities. Alum,  vitriol,  and  gul])hur  abound  in  its  vicinity, 
in  which  are  also  many  medicinal  springs.  This  city  was 
one  of  the  principal  in  the  Etruscan  league,  and  it  was  tho 
capital  of  the  Patrimony  of  St.  Peter,  bestowed  in  the 
twelfth  century  upon  the  papal  see. 

Vitim,  vi'tim^  or  ve-teem',  a  river  of  Esjst  Siberia,  rises 
in  the  Vitim  Steppe,  S.E.  of  Lake  Baikal,  government  of 
Irkootsk,  flows  N.E.  and  N.  for  nearly  900  miles,  forming 
the  boundary  between  that  government  and  the  province 
of  Yakootsk,  and  joins  the  Lena  opposite  Vitimsk.  It  has 
several  large  affluents. 

Vitolia,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Moxastir. 

Vitoria,  ve-to're-i,  or  Vittoria,  vit-to're-1,  a  town 
of  Spain,  capital  of  the  province  of  Alava,  29  miles  S.  of 
Bilbao,  on  the  road  from  Madrid  to  Bayonne.  Pop.  18,728, 
It  consists  of  an  old  and  a  now  town,  which  contrast  strongly 
with  each  other;  it  has  a  spacious  market-square,  several 
churches,  a  town  hall,  custom-house,  orphan  asylum,  gene- 
ral hospital,  public  library,  and  museum  of  antiquities.  The 
manufactures  comprise  brags- and  iron-ware,  earthenware, 
ebony-wares,  candles,  table-linen,  and  leather,  and  it  is  an 
important  entrepot  between  the  interior  of  Spain,  Navarre, 
and  Bilbao,  especially  for  crude  and  manufactured  iron, 
chocolate,  confectionery,  woollen  and  silk  fabrics,  shoes,  and 
hats.  Vitoria  is  celebrated  in  the  annals  of  the  Peninsular 
war  as  the  scene  of  a  signal  victory  gained  by  the  English 
over  the  French  on  the  21st  of  June,  1813. 

Vitr6,  vee'tri',  a  town  of  France,  in  IlIe-et-Yilaine,  on 
tho  Vilaine,  21  miles  E.  of  Rcnnes.  Pop.  8475.  It  has  a 
college,  manufactures  of  tricots,  hats,  hosiery,  and  leather, 
and  a  trade  in  wax,  honey,  and  cantharides.  One  mile  S. 
is  the  Chilteau  des  Rochers,  celebrated  as  the  residence  of 
Madame  de  SevignC. 

Vitry,  veoHrce',  a  town  of  France,  in  Pas-de-Calais, 
with  a  station  on  the  North  Railway,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Arras.     Pop.  2637, 

Vitry-le-Fran^ois,  veoHree'-l§h-fr6!<»'Bwl',  a  forti- 
fied town  of  France,  in  Marne,  on  the  Paris  k  Strasburg 
Railway,  19  miles  S.S,£.  of  Cbtilons,  on  the  right  bank  of 


VIT 


2740 


VOG 


the  Marno.  Pop.  75S0.  It  has  a  communal  oollcge,  a  pub- 
lio  library,  and  manufiustures  of  hosiery,  bats,  and  leather, 
with  a  brink  trade  in  grain. 

Vitry-8ur-8cine,  veo*tree'-8Un-s4n,  a  town  of  Franco, 
in  Seine,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Paris,  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
Seine.     Pop.  3718. 

Vittel,  veetHAl',  a  town  of  Franco,  in  Vosgos,  2.3  miles 
W.  of  Epinal.     Pop.  1303. 

Vittoria,  vit-to're-i,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  of  Syr- 
acuse, on  the  Camarino,  14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Modica.  It 
hns  silk-manufactures.     Pop.  17,821. 

Vittoria,  a  town  of  Spain.     See  Vitoria. 

Vitto'ria,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Young's  Creek,  7  miles  S.  of  Siincoe.  It  has  5  churches,  a 
tannery,  a  planing-mill,  and  a  flouring-mill.     Pop.  600. 

Vittoriosa^  vit-to-re-o'si,  a  strongly  fortified  suburb 
of  Valetta,  Malta,  on  the  S.E.  side  of  its  great  harbor.  See 
Valetta. 

Viu,  voe-oo',  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Piedmont,  20  miles 
N.W.  of  Turin,  on  the  Chiara.     Pop.  6723. 

Vivara,  vc-vi'rl,  an  islet  of  Italy,  between  Procida  and 
Ischia,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Bay  of  Naples. 

Vivarois,  or  Vivarais,  vce'vl^rd',  an  old  district  of 
France,  in  Langucdoc,  now  comprised  in  the  departments 
of  Ardeche  and  Ilaute-Loire.     Its  capital  was  Viviers. 

Vivero»  ve-vi'ro,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  45 
miles  N.  of  Lugo,  at  the  mouth  of  the  LanJrova  in  the  Bay 
of  Biscay.  Pop.  2500.  It  has  a  seminary,  a  hospital,  a  gov- 
ernment factory  of  arms,  and  manufactures  of  linens,  quilt- 
ings,  and  pottery.     The  port  has  a  bar  at  its  mouth. 

Viverone,  ve-vi-ro'ni,  a  village  of  Italy,  10  miles  S. 
of  Biella,  on  a  lake  of  the  same  name.     Pop.  1524, 

Vivian,  ve've-an,  a  post-hamlet  in  Vivian  township, 
Waseca  co.,  Minn.,  about  24  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mankato.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  544. 

Viviers,  vee^'e-i',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ardeche,  on 
the  Rhone,  17  miles  S.S.E.  of  Privas.     Pop.  2053. 

Vivis,  the  German  name  of  Vevay. 

Vivonne,  vec^vonn',  a  town  of  France,  in  Vienne,  11 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Poitiers.     Pop.  1180. 

Vix,  vccx,  a  village  of  France,  in  Vendue,  8  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Fontenay-le-Comte.     Pop.  2123. 

Viza,  Visa, or  Wisa,  vee'zi  (anc.  Byzia?),  a  town  of 
Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  74  miles  N.W.  of  Constantinople,  on 
the  route  to  Kirk-Kilisseh.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  has 
a  ruined  fortress. 

Vizagapatam,  ve-zl^ga-pa-tim',  a  maritime  district 
of  British  India,  presidency  of  Madras,  having  E.  the  Bay 
of  Bengal,  and  landward  the  districts  of  llajahmundry, 
Ganjam,  and  Masulipatam.  Area,  18,344  square  miles. 
Pop.  2,159,199. 

Vizagapatam,  a  city  of  British  India,  capital  of  the 
above  district,  on  the  Coromandel  coast,  57  miles  E.  of 
Golconda.  Lat.  17°  42'  N.;  Ion.  83°  24'  E.  It  has  a 
court-house,  barracks,  and  many  good  European  buildings. 
Pop.  32,191. 

Vizcaya,  a  province  of  Spain.     See  Biscay. 

Vizeila,  ve-zSl'li,  a  village  of  Portugal,  province  of 
Minho,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Guiraaraens,  in  a  picturesque  vale. 
It  is  greatly  frequented  for  its  warm  sulphur  b.aths,  known 
to  the  Romans,  whose  tessellated  pavements  and  bathing- 
Bites  have  been  discovered  here. 

Viziadroog,  vee'ze-a-droog',  a  seaport  town  of  British 
India,  presidency  and  165  miles  S.  of  Bombay,  with  one  of 
the  best  harbors  on  the  Malabar  coast. 

Viziauagram,  vee^ze-a-na-grim',  a  town  of  British 
India,  presidency  of  Madras,  district  and  25  miles  N.E.  of 
Vizagapatam.  Though  largo,  it  is  meanly  built.  Prin- 
cipal edifice,  a  stone  fort,  with  the  rajah's  palace.  Pop. 
20,169. 

Vizilie,  vee^zeel',  a  town  of  France,  in  Iscre,  on  the 
Romanche,  10  miles  S.  of  Grenoble.  Pop.  3539.  It  has  a 
castle,  a  foundry,  a  paper-mill,  and  manufactures  of  fou- 
lards and  other  silk  goods. 

Vizzini,  vit-see'nee,  a  town  of  Sicily,  province  and  29 
miles  S.W.  of  Catania.     Pop.  14,831. 

Vlaanderen.     See  Flanders. 

Ylaardingen,  vlia'ding-^n,  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  South  Holland,  with  a  port  on  the  Meuse,  6  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Rotterdam.  Pop.  8656,  mostly  employed  in  the 
herring-fishery. 

Vladi-Kavkas,  vli'dce-k&v-kis',  a  town  of  Russia, 
capital  of  Terek  district,  Ciscaucasia,  the  S.E.  terminus 
of  the  Moscow-Caucasus  Railway,  47  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mos- 
dok.     Pop.  (1883)  32,337. 

Vladimeer,  or  Vladimir,  vli*de-meer',  written  also 
Wladimir,  a  government  of  Russia,  nearly  in  its  centre, 


mostly  between  lat.  55°  and  57°  N.  nnd  Ion.  37°  40'  »„,' 
43°  20'  E.,  surrounded  by  the  governments  of  Mo«c„wl 
Tver,  Yiiroslav.  Kostroma,  Nizhnee-Novgorod,  Tuiiibov! 
and  lliazan.  Area,  18,863.  square  miles,  pop.  in  18821 
1,352,140.  Surface  level ;  the  Kliasina  River  intersects  iti 
centre,  and  the  Oka  its  S.E.  part.  Soil  not  fertile,  and  tl.(! 
grain  produced  is  insufficient  for  home  consumption.  I'rin 
cipal  crops,  rye,  barley,  oats,  some  wheat,  hemp,  flax,' millet 
pease,  apples,  cherries,  hops,  and  cucumbers.  Ciittlc-rcnr 
ing  is  of  inferior  importance.  Forests  are  very  extensive' 
in  that  of  Moorom  are  valuable  iron-mines,  and  some  of  \\\\' 
most  extensive  iron-works  in  Russia  are  at  Vixa,  on  tin! 
Oka.  The  sterility  of  the  soil  has  caused  the  inh'iibitiinuj 
to  direct  attention  grciitly  to  manufactures.  Cotton  mM- 
are  made  at  Shooya  and  Ivanovo,  woollens  nnd  lincnn  nrd 
next  in  iu^iortance,  nnd  there  are  mnny  iron-foumlrios! 
glass-  and  crystal-works,  and  manufactories  of  Iciitlicrl 
earthenwares,  Ac.  Exports  of  these  producU  are  inonlvi 
sent  down  the  Volga,  or  W.  overland  to  Moscow.  The  prin-i 
cipal  imports  are  corn,  cotton  twist,  and  (lax,  from  the  \.i 
and  N.E.  Principal  towns,  Vladimeer,  Moorom,  Shooya' 
Pcreslavl-Zalieski,  Soozdal,  nnd  Alexandrov.  ' 

Vladimeer,  Vladimir,  or  Wladimir,  a  town  of 
Russia,  capital  of  the  above  government,  on  the  Kliiii'ina 
120  miles  E.N.E.  of  Moscow.  Lat.  66°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  40'' 
20'  E.  The  road  to  Moscow  is  through  a  succession  of 
populous  villages.  Pop.  16,422,  comprising  mnny  Jews. 
It  has  a  cathedral  with  five  domes,  an  archbishop's  palnec 
a  court-house,  the  governor's  residence,  a  college  and  other 
schools,  and  manufactures  of  linens  and  leather.  It  wa 
capital  of  the  grand  duchy  of  Russia  from  1167  to  1328. 

Vladimeer,  or  Vladimir  (Pol.  Wlndzimkn,  viod 
zee'mo-ainzh'),  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Volhynia,  27  miici 
S.S.W.  of  Kovel.  Pop.  5239,  mostly  Jews,  who  trade  in 
silks  and  salt  and  have  4  annual  fairs. 

Vladsloo,  vlid-slo',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  AVest 
Flanders,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  2170. 

Vlamertinghc,  vli'm?r-ting'H§h,  a  village  of  Bel- 
gium, in  West  Flanders,  29  miles  S.W.  by  S.  of  Bruges,  on 
the  Kemmelbeke.     Pop.  2684. 

Vlaskitn,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Wlaschim. 

VIesenbeek,  vld,'z(?n-bdk\  a  village  of  Belgium, prov- 
ince  of  Brabant,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1428.       | 

Vlie,  or  Het  Vlie,  h6t  vice,  or  De  Vliestroom,ii 
d§h  viees'trom,  the  name  given  to  the  current  that  flowij 
from  the  North  Sea  towards  the  Zuyder  Zee,  through  the! 
entrance  between  the  islands  of  Vlieland  and  Tcrsehclling, 

Vlieland,  vlee'ldnt,  an  island  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
North  Holland,  off  the  entrance  to  the  Zuyder  Zee,  between 
the  islands  of  'lexel  and  Terschelling.  Length,  10  miles; 
greatest  breadth,  1 J  miles. 

Vliermael,  vlecR'nnll,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Lim- 
bourg,  7  miles  N.  of  Tongres.     Pop.  1762.  , 

Vlierzele,  vleen'ziM^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East' 
Flanders,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  1771.  j 

Vlissingen,  Netherlands.    See  Fuishing. 

VIotho,  flo'to,  a  town  of  Prussian  AVestphalia,  9  milei  i 
S.S.W.  of  Minden,  on  the  Weser.  Pop.  3074.  It  is  en-' 
closed  with  walls,  and  has  manufactures  of  chiecory,  colors, 
soap,  tobacco,  and  paper. 

Vlymen,  vli'm^n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  I 
North  Brabant,  8  miles  W.  of  Bois-lc-Duc.     Pop.  2838.      | 

Voak,  vok,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yates  co.,  N.Y.,  5  miles ; 
W.  of  Bcllona  Station.     It  has  a  church.  ' 

Vo'ca,  a  post-ofiice  of  McCulloch  co.,  Tex. 

Vbcklabriick,  vok'kl&-briik\  a  town  of  Upper  Au» 
tria,  circle  of  Hausruck,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Aggor 
and  Viickla,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Wels.     Pop.  1292. 

Vode,  vo'd.\,  or  Vede,  vi'di,  a  river  of  Roumanin,  lo 
Wallachia,  flows  S.S.E.,  and  joins  the  Danube  on  the  left, 
about  7  miles  below  Sistova.     Length,  120  miles. 

Vodina,  vo-dee'nii,  or  Vode'na  (anc.  AVe»'»a),  a  town 
of  European  Turkey,  Roumelia,  46  miles  N.W.of  Salonica, 
on  the  Vistritza.  Pop.  estimated  at  12,000,  who  weave 
cotton  and  woollen  fabrics. 

Vodia,  vod'lA,  a  lake  and  river  of  Russia,  government 
of  Olonets:  the  lake,  22  miles  E.  of  Lake  Onega,  30  miles 
in  length  by  12  miles  in  breadth,  discharges  its  surplui 
waters  by  the  river,  which  enters  Lake  Onega  on  its  b 
side,  after  a  course  of  120  miles. 

Voel,  Loch,  Scotland.     See  Loch  Voel. 

Vo'gansville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.) 
about  12  miles  N.E.  of  Lancaster. 

Vogelberg,  vog'el-berg  (Ger.  pron.  fo'gh?l-bJRG  ),  • 
mountain-range  of  Hesse'  and  Prussia,  between  the  Jlain 
and  the  Weser.     Highest  point,  2430  feet. 

Vo'gel  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Missaukee  co.,  MjcH, 


YOQ 


27  U 


VOL 


I 


\  Clam  River,  21  miles  E.  of  Cadillac.  It  has  a  church 
id  a  saw-mill. 

'  Vogesus  Mons,  or  Vogesen.  See  Vosoes. 
Voghera,  vo-g4'rl,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Pavia, 
(  miles  E.N.E.  of  Alessandria,  on  the  Staffora.  Lat.  44° 
J'  N. ;  Ion.  83°  24'  E.  Pop.  10,813.  It  is  enclosed  by 
.vlls,  and  has  manufactures  of  woollen  and  silk  fabrics. 
Vo'gler's  Cove,  a  post-hamlet  in  Lunenburg  co..  Nova 
jotiii,  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  7i  miles  from  Port  Medway. 
)i).  250. 

Vogogna,  vo-g6n'y3,,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  No- 
Ira,  on  the  Tosa,  8  miles  S.  of  Dorao  d'Ossola.     Pop.  1620. 
jVohburg,  vo'booRG,  a  town  of  Upper  Bavaria,  9  miles 
of  Ingolstadt,  on  the  Danube.     Pop.  1509.     On  a  rock 
'the  vicinity  is  the  ruined  castle  of  Vohburg. 
iVoheinar,  Voheinare,  voMii-mar', or  Vohemaro, 
l-liA-uid'ro,  a  river  and  bay  of  Madagascar. 
■Vohriiigen,  vo'ring-?n,  a  village  of  WUrtemberg,  Black 
jrest,  2  miles  S.E.  of  Sulz.     Pop.  1327. 
Voigtland,  foigt'llnt,  an  old  subdivision  of  the  king- 
111  of  Saxony,  now  comprised  in  the  circle  of  Zwickau. 
Voiron,  vw.Vr6>.""',  a  town  of  France,  in  Isere,  15  miles 
W.  of  Grenoble.     Pop,  7909.     It  has  extensive  manu- 
;tures   of  hempen  cloth  (called  toilet  de    Voiron),  iron 
III  steel  goods,  paper,  silk  stuffs,  edge-tools,  <fcc. 
Voitsberg,  voits'bJiic,  a  town  of  Styria,  13  miles  W. 
<'  Griitz.     It  has  coal-mines  and  metallic-works.     Pop. 
15. 

V'oj,  or  Voje,  a  lake  of  Bussia.  See  Vozh. 
Vokhaii,  vo^KJln',  or  Wachan,  wi'Kin',  a  town  of 
intral  Asia,  in  the  Bolor-Tagh,  on  an  affluent  of  the 
idukhshan  River.  Lat.  38°  20'  N.;  Ion.  70°  84'  E. 
Volano,  vo-li'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Ferrara, 
.'tniles  N.N.E.  of  Comacchio,  on  the  Po  di  Volano,  at  its 
nuth  in  the  Adriatic. 

IVoMant,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co.,  Pa.,  on  Neshan- 
nk  Creek  and  the  New  Castle  &  Franklin  Railroad,  13 
.il«8  N.N.E.  of  New  Castle. 
fVolaterrac,  the  ancient  name  of  Volterra. 
Volcan  de  Agiia,  vol-kin'  d.\  i'gwl  {i.e.,  "  water-vol- 
1,10"),  a  remarkable  volcano  of  Guatemala,  from  25  to  30 
illes  S.W.  of  the  city  of  Guatemala.  Old  Guatemala  (Gua- 
l(nala  la  Vieja)  in  1541  was  destroyed,  it  is  said,  by  the 
tuption  of  enormous  masses  of  water  from  this  volcano, 
Aence  its  name. 

|Volcan  de  Fucgo,  vol-kln'  di  fwi'go  (or  foo-i'go) 
lie.,  •"  fire-volcano"),  a  mountain  of  Guatemala,  20  miles 
f.  of  the  Volcan  de  Agua  ("  water- volcano").  Violent 
i;iptions  frequently  take  place,  and  smoke  is  commonly 
itn  issuing  from  one  of  its  peaks. 

Volca'iio,  an  island  of  the  South  Pacific  Ocean,  off  the 
:  E.  coast  of  Papua,  lat.  5°  3'  S.,  Ion.  145°  30'  E.     It  has 
l3  form  of  a  truncated  cone,  about  2500  feet  high,  with  a 
(imeter  of  3700  feet  at  the  base,  and  looks  as  if  it  had 
ion  directly  from  the  depths  of  the  ocean.     When  dis- 
i.'ered,  in  1700,  it  was  in  a  state  of  activity,  venting  fire 
id  smoke,  but  in  1827  it  was  extinct,  and  clothed  with  an 
rreeable  verdure  on  the  E.  face. 
Volcano,  an  island  of  Italy.    See  Vulcano. 
IVolcano,  a  group  of  islands  in  the  North  Pacific  Ocean. 
'  e  central  one.  Sulphur  Island,  lat.  24°  48'  N.,  Ion.  141° 
'f  E.,  is  about  5  miles  long,  and  is  evidently  volcanic. 
Volcano,  an  island  in  the  North  Pacific  Ocean,  S.E.  of 
.nan.     Lat.  34°  5'  N. ;  Ion.  139°  35'  E. 
Volcano,  an  island  in  the  North  Pacific  Ocean,  one  of 
(j  Japan  Islands.     Lat.  30°  43'  N. ;  Ion.  130°  17'  E, 
Volcano,  Bay  of  Bengal.    See  Barren  Island. 
Volca'no,  a  post-village  of  Amador  eo.,  Cal.,  on  Sutter 
<oek,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Jackson.     It  has  a  church  and  a 
liking-house.     Here  are  gold-mines.     Pop.  of  Volcano 
Ivnship,  1367. 

Volcano,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
:'urel  Fork  <fc  Sand  Hill  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
i'rkersburg,  and  11  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Marietta,  0.  It  has 
linoney-ordcr  post-office. 

Volcano  li^land.  Pacific  Ocean.  See  Tinacoro. 
(Volca'noville,  a  mining-camp  of  El  Dorado  co.,  Cal., 
<:  the  Middle  Fork  of  the  American  River,  26  miles  N.E. 
('Auburn.  It  has  2  stores,  (iold  is  found  here. 
Volga,  or  Wolga,  vol'gi  (anc.  Rha),  a  river  of  the 
lissian  Empire,  and  the  largest  in  Europe,  rises  in  Lake 
fligher,  on  the  plateau  of  Valdai,  government  of  Tver,  in 
1.  57°  N.,  Ion.  33°  10'  E.,  at  an  elevation  of  550  feet  above 
t3  sea.  and  Bows  E.N.E.,  E.S.E.,  S.S.W.,  and  S.E.,  past  Kiev, 
'.  er,  Yaroslav,  Kostroma,  Nizhnee-Novgorod,  Kazan,  Sim- 
Ibrsk,  Saratov,  and  Astrakhan,  near  which  it  enters  the 
('sf  ian  Sea  by  60  or  70  mouths,  83  feet  below  the  level  of 


the  ocean.  The  extent  of  its  basin  is  estimated  at  400,000 
square  miles,  and,  including  windings,  its  course  is  2500 
miles,  during  which  its  entire  fall  is  only  633  feet.  Tha 
principal  affluents  on  the  right  are  the  Oka  and  the  Soora; 
on  the  left,  the  Tvertsa,  Mologa,  Sheksna,  and  Kama.  Its 
affluents,  which  are  connected  by  several  canals  with  the 
Neva,  establish  a  communication  between  the  Caspian  and 
the  Baltic,  White,  and  Black  Seas.  It  contains  an  abun- 
dance of  fish;  and  salmon,  sturgeon,  ifec,  are  extensively 
exported.  The  Volga  forms  the  principal  channel  of  com- 
merce in  Russia.  It  is  navigable  by  barges  of  1200  tons, 
but  its  navigation  is  interrupted  by  sand-banks  and  the 
changes  of  its  channel,  and  it  is  frozen  over  170  days  in  the 
j'car.     It  is  a  very  important  channel  of  steam  navigation. 

Volga,  vol'gi,  a  post-office  of  Jefiferson  co.,  Ind.,  8  or 
9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Madison. 

Volga,  a  township  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  is  intersected 
by  the  Turkey  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Volga  River, 
which  here  enters  the  former,  about  40  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Dubuque.     Pop.  1214. 

Volga  City,  a  post- village  in  Sperry  township,  Clay- 
ton CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Volga  River,  and  on  the  Iowa  Pacific 
Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of  El  Kader,  and  65  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Dubuque.  It  has  2  churches,  2  hotels,  a  flouring-mill, 
and  a  drug-store.     Pop.  about  400. 

Volga  Kivcr,  a  small  stream  of  Iowa,  rises  in  Fayette 
CO.,  runs  nearly  eastward,  and  enters  the  Turkey  River  in 
Clayton  co.,  about  10  miles  S.E.  of  EI  Kader. 

Volgsk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Volsk. 

Volliynia,or  Wolhynia,vol-hin'e-a(Polish,Tro/i/n»A, 
<^o-leensk'),  a  government  of  Russia,  between  lat.  49°  25' 
and  52°  10'  N.  and  Ion.  23°  30'  and  29°  12'  E.,  having  S.E, 
Galicia,  W.  the  kingdom  of  Poland,  and  on  other  sides  the 
governments  of  Grodno,  Minsk,  Kiev,  and  Podolia.  Area, 
27,736  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1882,  2,062,270,  mostly  of  the 
Greek  United  Church.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  flat, 
in  the  N.  marshy.  The  Bug  forms  the  W.  boundary.  The 
other  principal  rivers  are  the  Styr  and  Gorin.  The  soil  is 
fertile,  and  this  is  one  of  the  most  valuable  agricultural 
provinces  of  Russia :  a  considerable  surplus  of  grain  over 
home  consumption  is  usually  produced,  besides  large  quan- 
tities of  hemp  and  flax.  The  pastures  are  good,  live-stock 
numerous,  and  forests  extensive.  The  fishing  is  of  some 
importance.  The  mineral  products  comprise  bog  iron,  mill- 
stones, potter's  clay,  nitre,  and  flint.  Leather,  glass,  earth- 
enwares, paper,  potash,  tar,  and  charcoal  are  made  in  many 
places.  The  principal  exports  are  grain,  cattle,  and  hides. 
The  chief  towns  are  Zhitomeer  (the  capital),  Krcinenets, 
Rowno,  Constantinov,  Dubno,  and  Ovrootch,  which  last  is 
the  seat  of  a  large  annual  fair. 

Volinia,  vo-lin'e-a,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Volinia  township,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Cassopolis.  Pop.  100 
Volinia  Station,  89  miles  S.W.  of  Lansing,  is  on  the  Chicago 
&  Lake  Huron  Railroad.     Pop.  of  township,  1445. 

Volkach,  fol'kiK,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  in  Lower  Fran- 
conia,  on  the  Main,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Wiirzburg.      P.  1943. 

Volkerak,  vol'k^h-rik*,  or  Volkrak,  vol'krdk,  Neth- 
erlands, the  stream  coming  out  of  Ilollands-Diep,  between 
the  islands  of  Overflakke  and  Schouwcn,  and  separating  the 
province  of  South  Holland  from  Zealand. 

Vdlkermarkt,  fol'k^r-maRkt^  a  town  of  Austria, 
in  Carinthia,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Klagenfurth,  on  the  Drave. 
It  has  large  cattle-markets.     Pop.  1638. 

Volkhov,  or  Wolkhow,  voI-kov',  a  river  of  Russia, 
governments  of  Novgorod  and  St.  Potetisburg,  issues  from 
Lake  Ilmen,  on  its  N.  side,  near  Novgorod,  which  town  it 
intersects,  flows  in  a  very  direct  course  N.N.E.  for  130 
miles,  and  enters  Lake  Ladoga  at  Ladoga,  on  its  S.  side. 
It  is  deep  and  navigable,  but  its  navigation  is  impeded  by 
its  rapidity  and  by  falls. 

Volkmarsen,  folk'maR's^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Hesse-Nassau,  18  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cassel.  Pop.  2316.  It 
has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths  and  of  leather,  and  4 
annual  fairs. 

Volkovisk,  or  Wolkowisk,  vol-ko-visk',  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  and  42  miles  S.S.E.  of  Grodno,  on  a 
small  affluent  of  the  Niemen.     Pop.  5595. 

Vollenhove,  vol'l^n-ho'v^h,  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  Overyssel,  on  the  Zuyder  Zee,  13  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Zwolle.     Pop.  1543. 

Voliezeel  e,  vol'l^h-zi^^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  prov- 
ince of  Brabant,  16  miles  S.\V.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1775. 

Volmar,  or  Wolmar,  vol-man',  a  town  of  Russia,  in 
Livonia,  on  the  Aa,  65  miles  N.E.  of  Riga.  Pop.  2051, 
mostly  of  German  descent.  It  has  a  church.  In  1622  it 
was  taken  by  Gustavus  Adolphus. 

Vol'ney,  apost-hamlct  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa,  on  Yel- 


VOL 


2742 


^OR 


low  Rtvrer,  about  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lansing.  It  has  a 
flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Volney,  or  Volney  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Vol- 
ney  township,  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  from  Fulton  Sta- 
tion, and  about  12  miles  S.E.  of  Oswego.  It  has  a  church. 
The  township  is  bounded  S.E.  by  tho  Oswego  lliver,  and 
Intersected  by  the  New  York  A  Oswego  Midland  Railroad. 
It  contains  the  village  of  Fulton,  with  2  banks,  and  manu- 
factures of  paper,  machinery,  woollen  goods,  Ac.     P.  6688. 

Volo,  vo'lo,  a  town  of  Europe,  in  Thessaly  (Greece),  on 
the  N.  side  of  the  Gulf  of  Volo.  Lat.  39°  24'  N. ;  Ion.  22° 
66'  80"  E.     Pop.  7500.    See  also  Gulp  or  Volo. 

Vo'lo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lake  co.,  II!.,  about  20  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Waukegan.     It  has  2  churches. 

Volo,  a  post-office  of  Bell  co.,  Tex. 

Vologda,  or  Wologda,  vo-log'di,  a  vast  government 
of  European  Russia,  and  its  largest  next  to  Archangel,  im- 
mediately S.  of  which  it  lies,  mostly  between  lat.  58°  and 
64°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  38°  and  60°  E.,  having  W.  the  govern- 
ments of  Olonets  and  Novgorod,  S.  Yaroslav,  Kostroma, 
Viatka,  and  Perm,  and  E.  the  Ural  Mountains,  separating 
it  from  Siberia.  Area,  155,492  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1882, 
1,161,551.  Except  in  the  E.,  where  it  is  covered  by  rami- 
fications of  the  Ural  Mountains,  the  surface  is  an  undu- 
lating plain,  watered  by  the  Dwina  and  its  affluents  the 
Sookhona,  Ac,  by  which  it  is  almost  wholly  drained,  and 
the  Upper  Petchora.  Lakes  numerous ;  the  principal  is 
that  of  Koobinsk,  in  the  W.  In  the  S.  and  S.W.  some  of 
the  soil  is  fertile;  elsewhere  it  is  mostly  sandy,  marshy,  or 
covered  with  pine,  oak,  and  beech  woods.  Climate  very 
severe ;  rye  and  barley  are  the  only  grains  raised,  and 
scarcely  in  sufficient  quantity  for  home  consumption.  Other 
crops  are  hemp,  flax,  hops,  and  pulses.  Horses  and  cattle 
are  numerous ;  bears,  wolves,  and  great  quantities  of  game 
afferd  an  abundance  of  objects  of  chase.  Copper,  iron, 
marble,  granite,  salt,  and  flint  are  the  chief  minei'al  prod- 
ucts. The  government  has  from  150  to  200  factories  of 
■woollen  and  linen  fabrics,  soap,  leather,  candles,  glass, 
paper,  rope,  Ac,  with  iron-foundries,  brick-kilns,  distilleries, 
and  salt-works ;  and  it  sends  furs,  tallow,  pitch,  wooden- 
wares,  timber,  masts,  turpentine,  and  other  raw  prod- 
ucts into  the  governments  of  Archangel  and  Tobolsk.  Pop- 
ulation mostly  Russians,  with  some  Finns,  and  in  the 
N.  wandering  Samoied  tribes.  Vologda  is  divided  into  10 
districts.  Chief  towns,  Vologda  (the  capital),  Totma,  Kad- 
nikov,  Solvitchegodsk,  and  Oostioog  Velikee. 

Vologda,  or  Wologda,  a  city  of  Russia,  capital  of 
a  government,  near  its  W.  extremity,  on  the  Vologda,  an 
affluent  of  the  Sookhona,  110  miles  N.  of  Yaroslav.  Lat. 
69°  13'  N. ;  Ion.  40°  10'  E.  Pop.  17,223.  It  is  chiefly 
built  of  stone,  has  2  cathedrals,  and  is  the  residence  of  the 
archbishop  and  governor.  It  has  manufactures  of  o<»ndles, 
woollens,  soap,  potash,  cordage,  bells,  ropes,  leather,  and 
spirits.  Its  trade  is  large,  and  facilitated  by  the  Dwina, 
which  connects  it  with  the  White  Sea;  it  has  also  an  active 
trade  overland  with  Siberia,  and  a  large  annual  fair  in 
January  and  February. 

Volokolamsk,  or  VVolokolamsk,  vo-lo-ko-l3,rask', 
a  town  of  Russia,  64  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Moscow,  on  the 
Lama,  at  the  influx  of  the  Gorodcnka.     Pop.  2851. 

Volotchok,  Russia.    See  Vishxee  Volotchok. 

Volpiano,  vol-pe-i'no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
11  miles  N.N.E.  of  Turin.     Pop.  3889. 

Volsiniiim,  an  ancient  name  of  Bolsena. 

Volsk,  or  Wolsk,  volsk,  written  also  Wolgsk  and 
Volgsk,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  70  miles  N.E. 
of  Saratov,  on  the  Volga.  Pop.  31,269.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  leather,  and  a  large  trade  by  vessels  on  the  Volga. 

Volta,  vol'ti.,  Aswada,  is-wi'di,  or  Adirri,  i-deeii'- 
Reo,  a  river  of  Guinea,  rises  in  the  Kong  Mountains,  flows 
S.E.  and  S.  through  the  E.  part  of  the  Ashantee  territory, 
and  enters  the  ocean  at  Adda,  in  lat.  5°  45'  N.,  Ion.  0°  40' 
E.,  after  a  course  estimated  at  360  miles. 

Voltas,  vol'tis,  a  cape  of  South  Africa,  at  the  S.  en- 
trance of  the  Orange  River  into  the  Atlantic.  Lat.  28°  44' 
S. ;  Ion.  16°  32'  E. 

Voltchansk,  Voltschansk,orWoltschansk,  vol- 
chSnsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  42  miles  N.E. 
of  Kharkov,  on  the  Voltcha.     Pop.  9365. 

Volterra,  vol-tfin'Ri  (anc.  Volater'rm),  a  town  of  Italy, 
province  and  32  miles  S.E.  of  Pisa.  Pop.  5324.  It  stands 
on  a  lofty  rock  of  tertiary  sandstone,  is  enclosed  by  walls 
of  curious  Etruscan  architecture,  and  has  2  ancient  gates. 
Principal  buildings,  a  citadel,  divided  into  an  old  and  a  new 
portion,  the  former  of  which  is  now  converted  into  a  crim- 
inal house  of  industry ;  a  cathedral  and  several  churches 
with  fine  paintings;  a  Piarist  college,  classical  seminary. 


hospital,  orphan  asylum,  and  some  handsome  prirnte 
aces.     The  chief  interest  of  the  town,  however    is  in  i 
Etruscan   antiquities,  its  curious  nocropoli?,  wn'rm  h^' 
amphitheatre,  and    Etruscan   museum  in  the  town  li 
It  has  manufn^tures  of  alabiistor,  and  there  are  comiI 
mines  at  Monte-Catini  in  the  vicinity.  '  1 

Voltorino,  vol-to-ree'no,  or  Voltiirino,  vol-too-ri 
no,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Foggia.     Pop.  2928.      ' 

Voltoya,  vol-to'yi,  a  river  of  Spain,  rises  in  llio  S  ; 
part  of  Old  Ciistile,  flows  N.W.,  then  N.K.,  and  join/i' 
Eresma  15  miles  below  Segovia.     Length,  (SO  miles. 

Voltri,  vol'tree,  a  town  of  North  Italy,  9  miles  W. 
Genoa,  on  the  Gulf  of  Genoa.     Pop.  5943.    It  baa  mani 
factures  of  paper. 

Volturara,  vol-too-rl'rl,  a  town  of  Italy,  provin 
and  25  miles  W.  of  Foggia,  in  the  Apennines.    Pop.  2:!iii 

Voltiirno,  vol-tooii'no  (anc.  Vultin'inm),  a  river  (> 
Italy,  rises  in  the  province  of  Campobasso,  flows  niofi  i 
S.E.,  separating  that  province  from  Caserta,  to  its  junct'K '. 
with  the  Calore,  and  afterwards  W.,  past  Ciipua,  and  cntt 
the  Mediterranean  20  miles  S.E.  of  Oacta.  Course  ! 
miles.  By  its  chief  affluent,  the  Calore,  it  drains  almost  a 
the  province  of  Avellino. 

Vol'untown,  a  post-village  in  Voluntown  townshiii 
Windham  co..  Conn.,  7  miles  E.  of  Jewett  City,  and  1 1 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Norwich.  It  has  3  churches,  2  cottui| 
factories,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1052.     i 

Volusia,  vo-lu'se-a  or  vo-lu'she-i^,  a  county  in  the  1 1 
part  of  Florida,  bordering  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  hat  n 
area  of  about  2100  square  miles.     It  is  bounded  on  th 
S.W.  by  the  St.  Johns  River.    The  surface  is  level  an 
low,  and  partly  occupied  by  lagoons  and  swamps.    Cattlt  1 
cotton,  and  sugar-cane  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Kd  j 
tcrprisc.     Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $593  9C2'! 
Pop.  in  1870,  1723;  in  1880,  3294.  I 

Volusia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Volusia  co.,  Fla.,  on  the  St! 
John's  River,  about  40  miles  S.  of  Palatka. 

Volusia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chautauqua  co.,  N.Y.,  ! 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Westfield,  and  about  22  miles  W.N.W.  uf 
Jamestown.  ! 

Vol  vera,  vol-vi'rS,,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Turin,  t 
district  of  Pinerolo,  near  None.     Pop.  2373. 

Volvic,  volVeck',  a  town  of  France,  in  Puy-de-DOmc, 
4  miles  W.S.W.  of  Riom.  Pop.  2265.  It  has  extensivd 
quarries  of  lava,  of  which  the  town  is  built,  and  whiob  is 
sent  in  largo  quantities  to  Paris  for  flagging. 

Voniano,  vo-mS,'no  (anc.  Voma'aiin),  a  river  of  Cen- 
tral Italy,  province  of  Teramo,  after  an  E.  course  of  50  , 
miles,  enters  the  Adriatic  Sea  17  miles  N.N.W.  of  Pcscara, 

Vomo,  vo'mo,  one  of  the  Feeiee  Islands,  in  the  South 
Pacific  Ocean.     Lat.  17°  29'  S. ;  'ion.  177°  13'  E.    It  is  2  ' 
miles  in  circuit. 

Von,  a  post-office  of  Humboldt  co.,  Iowa. 

Vonitza,  or  Vonizza,  vo-nit'sl,  a  town  of  Greece, 
government  of  Acarnania,  on  the  Bay  of  A''onitza,  an  inlet 
of  the  Gulf  of  Arta,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Prcvesa.     Pop.  2500. 

Voorburg,  von'buuG,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
South  Holland,  2  miles  E.S.E.  of  the  Hague.     Pop.  2307. 

Voorde,  vOii'd^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flin- 
ders, 24  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  1069. 

Voor'hees,  a  station  in  Somerset  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  rail- 
road between  New  Brunswick  and  Millstone,  4  miles  ^V.S.^y. 
of  New  Brunswick. 

Voor'heesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y., 
near  New  Scotland  Station  on  the  Albany  <fe  Susquehanna 
Railroad,  11  miles  W.  of  Albany.     It  has  15  dwellings, 

Voorheesville,  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y.    SccGlf,."*. 

Voorhies,  voor'hees,  a  post-office  of  Piatt  co..  111.,  on 
the  Chicago  &  Paducah  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Bcmcnt,and 
20  miles  E.  of  Decatur. 

Voormezeele,  von'm^h-ziM^h,  a  village  of  W«t 
Flanders,  27  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  1057. 

Voorn,  voim,  an  island  of  the  Netherlands,  between 
the  Mouse  and  Haringvliet,  in  the  North  Sea.  Length,  13 
miles  ;  breadth,  6  miles.  On  it  are  the  towns  of  Helvoct- 
sluis  and  Bricl. 

Voorschoten,  voR'sKoH?n,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  South  Holland,  on  the  railway  between  Lcydcu 
and  the  Hague,  3  miles  S.S.W.  of  Leydcn.     Pop-  2160.   ^ 

Vootchang,  Voutchang,  or  Vouchang,  vo<.  - 
chlng',  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Hoo-Pe,  on  the  iang 
tse-Kiang,  at  the  influx  of  the  Han-Yang. 

Voo-Tching,  or  Vou-Tching,  vooVhing',  a  city 
of  Chinajjrovince  of  Kiang-See. 

Voo-Ting,  or  Vou-Ting,  vooHing',  a  cityof  Cbinn, 
province  of  Yun-Nan.  .      . 

Vorarlberg,  fSr'anl'bSBG,  the  most  western  district  <n 


VOR 


2743 


VOU 


tl'  Austrian  Empire,  at  the  W.  extremity  of  the  Tyrol,  in 
n  ch  it  is  officially  included,  though  its  government  is  dis- 
tlH.  (See  Tyrol.)  Area,  1005  square  miles.  Capital, 
E'K'enz.  Pop.  102,264,  mostly  German-speaking  Catholics. 

i^orchheim,  a  town  of  Uavaria.    See  Forchheim. 

/ordate,  von-di'tA,  the  northernmost  island  of  the 
•[Sor  Laut  group,  in  the  Malay  Archipelago. 

/ordernberg,  vou'dem-bSno^,  a  town  of  Styria,  14 
DCS  W.N.W.  of  iriick,  with  iron-mines.     Pop.  2468. 

/ordingborg,  or  VVordingborg,  voR'ding-boRG\  a 
tiin  of  Denmark,  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  island  of  Seeland, 
oiosite  Falster.     It  has  a  ruined  castle.     Pop.  1780. 

Ji'oreppe,  voVSpp',  a  town  of  France,  in  Is6re,  9  miles 
JV.  of  Grenoble.     Pop.  1445;  of  commune,  2954. 

7orey,  voVi',  a  village  of  France,  in  Haute-Loire,  10 
nes  N.  of  Le  Puy.     Pop.  780. 

t'oria,  or  Woria,  vo're-S,,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  near 
Giatsk,  government  of  Smolensk,  flows  S.S.W.,  and  joins 
t  Oogra.     Total  course,  60  miles. 

/orms,  or  Worms,  vonms,  an  island  in  the  Baltic, 
bbnging  to  Russia,  government  of  Revel,  between  the 
ii.nd  of  Dagoe  and  the  mainland.  Length,  10  miles ; 
biulth,  5  miles.     Population  of  Swedish  descent. 

/orona,  or  Worona,  vo-ro'nS.,  a  river  of  Russia,  gov- 
e  ments  of  Penza,  Tambov,  and  Voronezh,  flows  S.W.,  and, 
nsr  a  course  of  220  miles,  joins  the  Khoper  6  miles  S.S.E. 
oiNovo-Khopersk. 

li^oronezh,  or  Voronej,  vo-ro-n5zh',  written  also 
I'roniej,  Voroneje,  Voronetz,  Woronetz,  and 
■toronesch,  a  government  of  Russia,  mostly  between 

II  48°  40'  and  53°  N.  and  Ion.  37°  40'  and  43°  B.,  sur- 
r'nded  by  the  governments  of  Tambov,  Orel,  Koorsk, 
liarkov,  Yekaterinoslav,  Saratov,  and  the  Don-Cossack 
p/.ntry.  Area,  25,438  square  miles.  Pop.  2,152,606.  Sur- 
fe  level  or  undulating.  Principal  rivers,  the  Don  and 
i' affluent",  which  drain  nearly  the  whole;  the  Oskol,  in 
ti  W.,  and  the  Donets,  which  forms  the  S.  boundary.  Soil 
ftile.  Climate  comparatively  mild,  and  most  of  the  prod- 
ns  of  temperate  countries  are  raised.  The  vine  is  culti- 
yed  in  some  parts.  Honey,  iron,  limestone,  and  nitre 
m  important  products.  Cattle  and  horses  are  numerous. 
I  nufactures,  of  coarse  woollens,  soap,  Ac,  have  increased 
Vi'y  rapidly.  Principal  exports,  corn,  cattle,  skins,  honey, 
vJx,  fruits,  and  iron-wares.  Principal  towns,  Voronezh 
(le  capital),  Ostrogoisk,  Pavlovsk,  Bogoochar,  Korotayak, 
el  Novo-Khopersk. 

Voronezh,  or  Voronej,  written  also  Voroniej, 
%roneje,  Voronetz,  Woronetz,  and  Woronesch, 
f'ity  of  Russia,  capital  of  the  above  government,  situated 
c  the  Vorona,  near  its  confluence  with  the  Don,  130  miles 
lof  Koorsk.  Lat.  51°  40' N. ;  Ion.  39°  22' E.  Pop.  66,180. 
Istands  on  a  steep  height  and  is  naturally  strong.  It  con- 
tits  of  an  upper  and  a  lower  town,  and  suburbs.  The  latter 
fi)  black  and  gloomy ;  but  the  town  has  many  spacious 
t)roughfares,  and  its  principal  street  is  lined  by  noble  edi- 
Ifts,  including  the  governor's  and  vice-governor's  resi- 
rtces,  the  tribunals,  post-oflice,  commissariat,  academy,  Ac. 
1  Moscow  street  are  the  cathedral  and  bishop's  palace, 
id  there  are  20  churches,  several  convents,  a  bazaar,  many 
0d  shops,  numerous  superior  schools,  a  hospital,  a  military 
(bhan  asylum,  and  manufactures  of  soap,  tallow,  leather, 

III  vitriol,  Peter  the  Great  here  founded  a  palace  and 
l]go  dock-yards  and  arsenals,  and  here  was  built  the  fii;st 
iBsel  of  his  fleet  for  the  Sea  of  Azof ;  but  the  naval  estab- 
liimcnts  have  been  removed.  Voronezh  has  become  one 
I'the  chief  commercial  towns  in  Russia.  It  exports  iron, 
&n,  flour,  oil,  wine,  rope,  sail-cloth,  woollens,  lime,  <feo., 
i!d  carries  on  a  considerable  trade  with  the  Black  Sea,  the 
<Smea,  and  Turkey,  and  some  of  its  merchants  travel  an- 
il ally  to  Tobolsk  for  furs. 

IVdrospatak,  vo'rosh'pShHok',  a  village  of  Transyl- 
■Inia,  on  both  sides  of  the  Voriis,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Karls- 
!|rg.  It  consists  of  about  600  well-built  houses,  and  is 
:'noug  for  its  gold-mines,  which  have  been  wrought  from 
|ty  early  times  and  are  still  valuable. 
iVorsclacr,  von's^h-lilR^  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Ant- 
!rn,  2  miles  W.S.W.  of  'lurnhout.  Pop.  1901. 
'Vorskia,  vonsk'Ii,  a  river  of  Russia,  governments  of 
liarkov  and  Poltava,  flows  S.W.  past  Poltava  and  Koby- 
|-ki,  and,  after  a  course  of  150  miles,  joins  the  Dnieper  40 
itlos  N.W.  of  Yekaterinoslav. 

iVorst,  voRst,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  E.  of 
atwerp.     Pop.  2059. 

Vorst,  a  village  of  Belgium.    See  For^t. 
'Vorst,  fonst,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  government 

Dusseldorf,  6  miles  S.S.E.  of  Kempen.     Pop.  4700. 
'Vosburg,  Toz'biirg,  a  post-oflSce  of  Pratt  co.,  Kansas. 


Vosburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVyoming  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Pennsylvania  A  New  York 
Railroad,  4i  miles  N.W.  of  Tunkhannock.     It  has  a  church. 

Vosch,  a  lake  of  Russia.     See  VozH. 

Vosges,  vozh  (anc.  Vogeeug  Mons ;  Ger.  Vogesen,  fo'- 
gh§h-z§n,  or  irasf/augrefciV/jre,  ^5,s-g6w-ga-beeR'ga),  a  chain 
of  mountains  in  the  N.E.  of  France,  the  S.E.  of  Belgium, 
and  the  W.  of  Germany.  It  commences  on  the  limits  of 
Alsace  and  the  departments  of  llaute-Saone  and  Doubs, 
and  terminates  in  Germany  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Rhine, 
near  Mentz.  It  is  connected  on  the  S.W.  with  the  moun- 
tains of  theC6te-d'0r,  which  are  prolonged  to  theC6vennes, 
on  the  S.  with  the  Jura  Mountains,  and  in  the  N.W.  with 
the  Ardennes.  The  mountains  often  assume  a  rounded 
form,  and  are  hence  called  bullous;  the  culminating  points 
are  the  Ballon  d' Alsace,  4688  feet,  and  the  Ballon  de  Gucb- 
willer,  4690  feet  in  elevation.  Their  summits  are  covered 
with  vast  forests,  and  they  contain  silver,  copper,  lead,  and 
coal;  but  the  most  valuable  mineral  product  is  rock  salt. 
The  Vosges  give  rise  to  the  rivers  Saone,  Moselle,  Meuse, 
Marne,  and  Aube. 

Vosges,  a  department  in  the  N.E.  of  France,  formed 
of  the  S.  part  of  the  old  province  of  Lorraine.  Area,  2230 
square  miles.  Pop.  in  1881,  406,862.  Surface  generally 
mountainous,  having  the  Vosges  in  the  E.  and  the  Faucille 
Mountains  in  the  S.  Chief  rivers,  the  Meurthe,  Mortagne, 
Moselle,  Madon,  and  Mouse.  One-third  of  the  surface  is 
covered  with  forests.  The  plain  in  the  W.  and  N.AV.  is  fer- 
tile in  wheat,  maize,  hemp,  and  excellent  flax  ;  cherries  are 
extensively  grown  for  the  manufacture  of  kirschenwasser. 
Many  cattle  are  reared,  and  butter  and  cheese  are  impor- 
tant products.  The  department  is  rich  in  mines  of  iron, 
copper,  *ilver,  and  marble.  It  has  numerous  mineral 
springs,  the  chief  of  which  are  those  of  Plombicres  and 
Bains.  It  is  divided  into  the  arrondissements  of  Epinal, 
Mirecourt,  NeufchS,teau,  Remiremont,  and  Saint-Did.  Cap- 
ital, Epinal. 

Voskresensk,  or  Woskresensk,  vos-kri-s6nsk',  a 
town  of  Russia,  government  and  34  miles  W.N.W.  of  Mos- 
cow. Pop.  5959.  Here  is  a  famous  monastery,  termed  the 
New  Jerusalem. 

Vosnesensk,  or  Wosnesensk,  vos-ni-sfinsk',  a  large 
town,  the  chief  of  the  military  colonies  of  South  Russia, 
government  of  Kherson,  on  the  Bug,  85  miles  N.W.  of 
Kherson.     Pop.  9458. 

Vostani,  vos-ti'nee,  or  Wustanee,  wiis-tS,'nee,  some- 
times called  Middle  Egypt,  a  region  of  Egypt,  generally 
understood  to  extend  from  the  neighborhood  of  Cairo  south- 
ward to  near  27°  30'  N.  lat. 

Vostizza,  vos-tit'si  (anc.  ^'ginm),  a  town  of  Greece, 
Morea,  government  of  Achaia,  on  the  Corinthian  Gulf,  13 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Patras.  Pop.  3936.  It  has  a  good  harbor, 
and  an  active  commerce  in  currants  and  pine  timber. 

Vostochnii  Nos,  vos-toK'iiee  nos,  one  of  the  Russian 
names  of  East  Cape. 

Votka,  or  Wotka,  vot'kA,  a  town  and  important  manu- 
facturing district  of  Russia,  government  of  Viatka,  on  the 
Izh  (Ij),  12  miles  from  its  influx  into  the  Kama.  Pop.  6000. 
Here  are  extensive  imperial  iron-works,  anchor-forges,  and 
musket-factories,  also  an  arsenal  and  a  hospital. 

Vottem,  vot't^m,  a  town  of  Belgium,  2  miles  N.  of 
Liege,  on  an  afiluent  of  the  Mouse.     Pop.  1897. 

Vouchang,  a  town  of  China.    See  Vootchang. 

Vouching,  a  town  of  China.    See  Voo-Tching. 

Vouga,  vO'gi,  a  river  of  Portugal,  province  of  Beira, 
enters  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantic  5  miles  N.  of  Aveiro,  after  a 
W.S.W.  course  of  60  miles. 

Vouill^,  voo\yi'  or  vooPyA',  a  town  of  France,  In 
Vienne,  10  miles  W.N.W.  of  Poitiers.     Pop.  1766. 

Voulima,  a  river  of  Africa.     See  AVoolima. 

Voulte,  La,  13,  voolt  (anc.  Vol'ta  .'),  a  town  of  France, 
Arddchc,  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Privas,  on  the  right  bank  of 
the  Rhone.     Pop.  3285.     It  has  iron-mines  and  furnaces. 

Vonneuii-sur- Vienne,  voo^nui'-siiR  v6-enn',  a  vil- 
lage of  France,  in  Vienne,  8  miles  S.  of  Chatcllerault. 

VoHtchang,  China.    See  Vootchang. 

Voiitching,  China.    See  Voo-Tching. 

Voutezac,  voo'teh-zik',  a  town  of  France,  in  CorrSze, 
11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Brives.     Pop.  416. 

Vou-Ting,  a  town  of  China.    See  Voo-Ting. 

Vouvray,  voo'vri',  a  village  of  France,  in  Indre-et- 
Loire,  on  the  Loire,  and  on  the  railway  to  Orleans,  7  miles 
E.  of  Tours.     Pop.  1394. 

Vouziers,  voo^ze-i',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ardennes,  <m 
the  Aisne,  25  miles  S.  of  M6zi6res.     Pop.  3425. 

Vouzon,  voo*z6k«',  a  town  of  France,  in  Loir  et-Cher. 
27  miles  N.E.  of  Romorantiu.    Pop.  146U. 


vow 


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Vow'els,  a  station  in  Jaspor  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago, 
Kooi<  Island  A  PaciQo  Railroad,  51  miles  S.W.  of  Newton. 

Voyavadt  Asia  Minor.    See  Uoi-Abad. 

Voyls,  a  post-otRuo  of  Ilice  oo.,  Kansas. 

Voyussa^  vo-yoos'sd  (ano.  Ao'tu),  a  river  of  European 
Turkey,  Albania,  rises  near  Mezzovo,  and,  after  a  W.  course 
of  130  miles,  enters  the  Adriatic  Sea  14  miles  N.  of  Aviuna. 
Its  aflluonts  are  the  Berupuli  and  Deavitza. 

Vozh,  or  Voj,  vozh,  written  also  Vosch  and  Voje,  a 
lake  of  Russia,  at  the  N.E.  extremity  of  the  government 
of  Novgorod,  40  miles  N.E.  of  Lake  Uielo-Ozoro.  Length, 
25  miles  ;  breadth,  10  miles.  It  receives  the  river  Vozhda, 
and  discharges  its  surplus  waters  northward  by  the  Svid 
into  Lake  Latcha. 

VraccnCf  vri'si^n^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
Flanders,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  3949. 

Vrachori)  vr&-ko'roe,  a  town  of  Greece,  in  iBtolia,  25 
miles  N.W.  of  Lepanto.  Five  miles  S.E.  is  Lake  Vrachori, 
the  ancient  Trichonia,  6  miles  in  length  from  E.  to  W.,  by 
4  miles  in  breadth. 

Vraita,  vri'ti,  or  Varaita,  vl-ri'tH,  a  river  of  Italy, 
rises  on  the  E.  slope  of  the  Maritime  Alps,  and  joins  the 
Po  about  3  miles  aoove  the  oonduonco  of  the  Maira. 

Vrana^  vr&'n&,  a  village  and  ruined  fortress  of  Dalma- 
tia,  circle  and  20  miles  S.E.  of  Zara,  on  the  Lake  of  Vrana, 
which  is  S  miles  in  length  and  nearly  the  same  in  breadth. 

Vrana^  a  village  and  convent  of  Greece,  in  Attica,  on 
the  plain  of  Marathon,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Athens. 

Vrana,  a  town  of  Servia,  43  miles  E.  of  Pristina.  Pop. 
8250.     Near  it  are  some  iron-mines. 

Vranduk,  or  Vrandouk,  vrin^dook',  a  town  of  Bos- 
nia, on  the  Bosna,  28  miles  N.E.  of  Travnik. 

Vrangel  (Great  and  Little).    See  Wrangsl. 

Vreden,  vri'd^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Westphalia,  35 
miles  W.N.W.  of  MUnster,  on  the  Berkel.     Pop.  1921. 

V  reeswyk,  or  Vreeswiik,  vrais'wik\  a  village  of  the 
Netherlands,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Utrecht,  on  the  Leek.    P.  1313. 

Vries,  vrees,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Drenthe, 
b  miles  N.  of  Assen.     Pop.  2197. 

Vricseveen,  vree's^h-vain^  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  Overyssel,  23  miles  E.S.E.  of  Zwolle.     Pop.  3217. 

Vrieslaud,  Netherlands.    See  Friesland. 

Vriesland,  vreoz'land,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ottawa  co., 
Mich.,  in  Zeeland  township,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Grand  Rapids. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  graded  school.  It  is  on  the  Chi- 
cago &  West  Michigan  Railroad. 

Vrigne-aux-Bois,  vreen-o-bwi.  a  village  of  France, 
in  Ardennes,  on  the  Vrigne,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Sedan.  Pop. 
2142,  engaged  in  iron- works. 

Vroo'manton,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario, 
3  miles  from  Sunderland.  It  contains  a  church,  a  chapel, 
and  a  saw-  and  grist-mill.     Pop.  250. 

Viift  de  I'Rau,  vu  d?  10,  a  station  of  the  Providence, 


Warren  &  Bristol  Railroad,  on  the  E.  shore  of  NarrBcai 
sett  Bay,  4  miles  E.  of  Providence,  R.I. 

Vukovar,  voo'ko-van',  a  town  of  Austro.IIun{;ar! 
Slavonia,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Syrmia,  on  the  right  b»i 
of  the  Danuoe,  at  the  influx  of  the  Vuko,  which  diviJw 
into  an  old  and  a  new  town,  24  miles  S.E.  of  E«u-k.  1',, 
6590.  It  is  the  see  of  a  Greek  protopapas,  and  Uai  jevgr 
churches,  a  monastery,  and  a  high  sclioul. 

Vul'can,  a  post-ollice  of  Munomineo  co.,  Mieb.,  on  tl 
Chicago  A,  Northwestern  Railroad. 

Vulcaiiia;  Insulie.    See  Lipaiii  Islands. 

Vulcano,  vool-ki'no,  or  Volcano,  vol-kl'no  (an 
Vulca'nia),  the  most  S.  of  the  Lipari  l8liin<l!<,  in  the  Med 
terranean  Sea,  and  12  miles  N.  of  the  coast  of  Sicily  Lai 
38°  22'  N.;  Ion.  14°  55'  15"  E.  It  is  about  7  niiles  i] 
length  by  3  miles  in  breadth,  mountainous,  and  has  mm  i 
centre  a  crater  about  one-fourth  of  a  mile  in  circumluiirii 
and  one-fourth  of  a  mile  deep,  which  constantly  emits  vuix. 
chatged  with  sulphur,  alum,  vitriol,  and  auiuionia.  OH  il 
N.  coast  is  the  islet  of  Vulcanello,  vool-kft-n6rio("Linli 
Vulcano"),  joined  to  it  by  a  low  rock  formed  of  its  u«; 
lava,  and  in  which  are  two  small  craters,  one  froqucnll 
emitting  smoke. 

Vulsinii,  or  Yolsinii.    See  Bousrxa. 

Vul'ton  Creek,  a  post-hamlct  of  Graves  co,,  Ky., . 
miles  from  Maytield.     It  has  a  church. 

Vulturnus,  the  ancient  name  of  Volturso. 

Vuua,  voo'ni,  one  of  the  principal  of  the  Fccjee  Islanda 
South  Pacific  Ocean,  lat.  17°  2'  S.,  Ion.  179°  56'  E.,  2i| 
miles  long  and  6  miles  broad.     Pop.  7000. 

Vuoxen,  voo-ox'?n,  a  river  of  Finland,  flows  S.P.W.j 
through  numerous  lakes,  including  Lake  Saima,  onouicrj5.| 
ing  from  which  it  forms  the  grand  cataract  of  Iinutri,! 
after  a  northward  turn  it  enters  Lake  Livdoga  at  Kexholm,] 
on  its  W.  side.     Total  course,  estimated,  3U0  or  350  miles,  I 

Vupabn^u,  voo-pd-boo-soo',  a  lake  of  Brazil,  province 
of  Minas-Geraes,  near  the  frontiers  of  the  province  of 
Bahia.     It  was  once  celebrated  for  its  gold  and  emeralds. 

Vnsitrin,  voo-se-trin',  written  also  Veltchiitern 
and  Welika-Krsna,  a  town  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Servia, 
on  the  Ibar,  35  miles  S.E.  of  Novi-Bazar.     Pop.  224S. 

Vyborg,  a  town  of  Finland.    See  ViBoito. 

Vynckt,  vinkt,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  FlanJen, 
12  miles  W.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  1925. 

Vysert,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Bisert. 

Vytcliegda,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  ViTcnEODA. 

Vytegra,  or  Wytegra,  ve-ti'gri,  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  of  Olonets,  on  the  Vytegra,  12  miles  from  Lake 
Onega,  and  73  miles  S.E.  of  Petrozavodsk.  Pop.  2880.  It 
has  manufactures  of  linen  and  candles,  with  ship-building 
docks,  and  Is  connected  by  its  river  with  Lakes  Onega  and 
Ladoga.  It  carries  on  a  large  trade  with  St.  Petersburg 
and  Archangel. 


w. 


Waadt,  Switzerland.    See  Vaud. 

VVaag,  *lg,  or  Vaag,  a  river  of  West  Hungary,  rises 
in  the  Carpathian  Mountains,  and,  after  a  S.W.  and  S. 
course  of  200  miles,  joins  the  Danube  at  Comorn,  In  con- 
junction with  the  Neutra.     Chief  affluent,  the  Arva. 

Waago,  Faroe  Islands.     See  Faroe  Islands. 

Waal,  or  Wahl,  w\l  (ano.  Vnhnlis),  a  river  of  the 
Netherlands,  being  one  of  the  principal  arms  of  the  Rhine. 
Sec  RnixE. 

Wnalhem,  a  town  of  Belgium.     See  Waelhem. 

Waalwyk,  wAl'wIk,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
North  Brabant,  lo'  miles  W.  of  Bois-le-Duc.     Pop.  3235. 

Waarmaarde,  Belgium.    See  Waermaerde. 

Waasis,  wah'sis,  a  post-village  in  Sunbury  co.,  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  Fredericton  Branch  Railway,  10  miles 
from  Fredericton.     Pop.  125. 

Waatzen,  a  town  of  Central  Hungary.     SeeWAiTZEN. 

Wabash,  waw'bash,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Illi- 
nois, has  an  area  of  about  200  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  S.E.  by  the  Wabash  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  Bon- 
pas  Creek.  The  surface  Is  diversified  with  prairies  and 
forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  com,  Trheat,  oats,  and 
pork  arc  the  staple  products.    It  is  traversed  by  the  Cairo 


&  Vincennes  Railroad.  Capital,  Mount  Carmel.  Valuation 
of  real  and  personal  estate,  $4,328,972.  Pop.  In  1870, 8841, 
of  whom  8290  were  Americans;  In  1880,  9945. 

Wabash,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  Indiana, 
has  an  area  of  about  430  square  miles.  It  is  Interscctc*! 
by  the  W.ibash,  Eel,  and  Mississinewa  Rivers,  and  is  partly 
drained  by  the  Salamonle  River.  The  surface  is  undu- 
lating,  and  about  one-third  of  it  Is  covered  with  forests  of 
the  ash,  beech,  elm,  oak,  sugar-maple,  Ac.  The  soil  n 
fertile.  AVheat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  cattle,  pork,  and  butter 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  Is  Intersected  by  the 
Wabftsh  &  Erie  Canal  and  by  3  railroads,— the  Wnba.-li, 
the  Cincinnati,  Wabash  &  Michigan,  and  the  Eel  Kivcr. 
Capital,  Wabash.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate, 
$14,169,092.  Pop.  In  1870,  21,305,  of  whom  20,399  were 
Americans;  in  1880,  25,241. 

Wabash,  a  township  of  Clark  co..  III.    Pop.  2945. 

Wabash,  a  township  of  AVabash  co.,  HI.    Pop.  HZ''- 

Wabash,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co..  III.  „  ,    i. 

Wabash,  a  station  in  White  co.,  III.,  on  the  Wabash 
River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroad,  8 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Carmi. 

Wabash,  a  township  of  Adam^  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  957. 


WAB 


2745 


WAD 


Vabash,  a  township  of  Fountain  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1284. 
I^Vabash,  Wayne  co.,  111.     See  Scottsville. 

iVabash,  a  township  of  Gibson  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  442. 
Vabash,  a  township  of  Jay  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  933. 
Vabash,  a  township  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  781. 

iVabash,  a  township  of  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind.    P.  2129. 

•Vabash,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Wabash  co.,  Ind.,  is  on 
til  river  of  the  same  name,  on  the  Wabash  &  Erie  Canal, 
al  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Cin- 
cjnati,  Wabash  A  Michigan  Railroad,  30  miles  E.  of 
Iransport,  42  miles  W.S.W.  of  Fort  Wayne,  and  about  32 
ntes  S.  of  Warsaw.  It  contains  a  court-house,  8  churches, 
alitional  bank,  2  other  banks,  a  high  school,  3  newspaper 
okes,  and  a  female  academy.  Among  its  numerous  manu- 
fiLuring  establishments  are  the  Monitor  Sash-Works,  the 
\json  Machine- Works,  and  the  workshops  of  the  Cincin- 
nl.  Wabash  <t  Michigan  Railroad.     Pop,  in  1880,  3800. 

i^'abash,  a  township  of  Darke  co.,  0.     Pop.  824. 

I\'abash,  a  post-office  of  Giles  co.,  Va. 

IV'abasha,  wah'ba-shaw*,  or  Wabashaw,  a  county 
ii|ho  S.E.  part  of  Minnesota,  bordering  on  Wisconsin,  has 
aiirea  of  about  570  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
Wj.  by  Lake  Pepin,  on  the  E.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  is 
iijrsected  by  the  Zumbro,  and  also  drained  by  the  Min- 
n^ka  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified 
Mh  prairies  and  woodlands.  The  soil  is  calcareous  and 
vy  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  Indian  corn,  hay,  and  butter 
a 'the  staple  products.  Magnesian  limestone  (Lower  Si- 
h^an)  crops  out  here  in  the  bluffs  of  the  Mississippi,  which 
a  nearly  400  feet  high,  and  present  picturesque  scenery. 
Tji  Milwaukee  &,  St.  Paul  Railroad  passes  along  the  E. 
bber  of  this  county.  Capital,  Wabasha.  Valuation  of 
nil  and  personal  estate.  $7,418,044.  Pop.  in  1870,  15,859, 
oiwhom  11,321  were  Americans;  in  1880,  18,206. 

Wabasha,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Wabasha  co.,  Minn., 
isjituated  on  the  S.W.  bank  of  the  Mississippi  River, 
nirly  2  miles  below  the  foot  of  Lake  Pepin.  It  is  on  the 
Cteigo,  Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul  Railroad,  at  the  E.  ter- 
n'ms  of  the  Minnesota  Midland  Railroad,  33  miles  N.N.W. 

0  Vinona,  and  30  miles  B.S.E.  of  Red  Wing.  It  is  built 
o:isloping  ground,  between  the  river  and  a  high  bluff 
Wich  is  about  i  mile  from  the  shore.  It  contains  a  stone 
cf'rt-house,  5  churches,  a  union  school,  a  banking-house,  a 
n'spaper  office,  a  flouring-mill,  a  foundry,  a  ship-yard, 
a  manufactures  of  boilers,  threshing-machines,  furniture, 
gii,  machinery,  <fec.     Pop.  in  1880,  2088. 

iVabash  River  rises  in  Mercer  co.,  0.,  passes  into 

1  iana,  and  runs  northwestward  to  Huntington.  It  next 
fl'S  nearly  westward  to  Logansport,  and  thence  south- 
w'iward  to  Covington.  Turning  to  the  left,  it  runs  south- 
wtd  to  Terro  Haute,  a  few  miles  below  which  it  strikes 
tl>W.  boundary  of  Indiana.  It  forms  the  boundary  be- 
tven  Illinois  and  Indiana  for  nearly  200  miles.  Below 
Ycennes  it  runs  in  a  S.S.W.  direction  until  it  enters  the 
Oo  River,  at  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Indiana,  near  lat. 
3'  49'  N.  Its  length  is  estimated  iit  550  miles.  The 
chf  towns  on  its  banks,  besides  those  mentioned,  are  La- 
ffitte  and  Peru. 

i'abauiisee,  wa-bawn'se,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  cen- 
tr  part  of  Kansas,  has  an  area  of  about  900  square  miles, 
lis  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Kansas  River,  and  is 
dined  by  Mill  Creek  and  several  head-streams  of  the 
Oge  River.  The  surface  is  undulating.  The  soil  is  fer- 
ti,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  cattle,  hay,  and  oats  are  the 
sble  products.  The  greater  part  of  the  county  is  pr.airie. 
0;d  limestone  is  abundant  here.  Capital,  Alma.  Valua- 
tii  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $1,987,654.  Pop.  in  1870, 
3:;,2;  in  1875,  4649;  in  1880,  8756. 

iVabaunsee,  a  post-village  of  Wabaunsee  co.,  Kansas, 
ira  township  of  the  same  name,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the 
Kisas  River,  6  miles  S.  of  Waraogo,  and  about  38  miles 
Vlby  N.  of  Topeka.  It  has  a  stone  church  and  a  hotel. 
Pji.  of  the  township,  1025. 

'Vabiiska,  wa-bus'ka,  a  post-office  of  Lyon  co.,  Nev. 

Vacahootie,  wah-lta-hoo'te,  or  Wacahoo'ta,  a 
p:-offioe  of  Marion  co.,  Fla. 

Vacasassee,  wah-ka-sas'see,  or  Wacassas'sa,  a 
p  t-office  of  Alachua  co.,  P'la. 

yac'c.ibiic,  a  post-office  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y. 

Vac'camaw,  township,  Brunswick  co.,  N.C.     P.  452. 

iVaccamaw,  township,  Georgetown  co.,  S.C.   P.  4310. 

[Vaccaniaw  River  rises  in  the  southern  part  of  North 
Colina,  and  passes  into  South  Carolina.  It  runs  south- 
wjtward  through  Horry  co.,  and  enters  the  Pedee  River  at 
tl.  border  of  Georgetown  co.     Shad  are  found  in  this  river. 

Vacedah,  or  Wauceda)  waw-see'da,  a  post-office  of 
Apominee  co.,  Mich. 

i       173 

I 


Wachan,  a  town  of  Central  Asia.    See  Vokhan. 

Wachenheim,  ■<^iK'?n-himo\  a  town  of  Rhenish  Ba- 
varia, 14  miles  N.W.  of  Speyer.     Pop.  2349. 

Wachtendonk,  wAK't?n-donk\  a  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  25  miles  N.W.  of  Dusseldorf.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  ribbons,  leather,  and  linen.     Pop.  2543. 

Wachusett  (waw-choo's?t)  Mountain,  Worcester  co., 
Mass.,  is  about  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Fitchburg.  It  rises  2018 
feet  above  the  sea-level,  and  commands  a  beautiful  view. 

Wachusett  Village,  a  hamlet  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 
in  Westminster  township,  6  miles  S.AV.  of  Fitchburg,  and 
li  miles  from  Westminster  Station.     It  has  a  paper-mill. 

Wacken,  -ftik'k^n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Flanders,  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  2316. 

Waco,  wa'ko,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Ala.,  in 
Russell's  Valley,  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Tuscumbia. 

Waco,  post-township,  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  559 

Waco,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas,  in  Salem 
township,  12  miles  S.  of  Wichita.     It  has  a  church. 

Waco,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Ky.,  8  miles  N 
of  Richmond.  It  contains  the  Waco  Seminary,  3  churches, 
2  flour-mills,  2  woollen-mills,  a  newspaper  office,  and  sev 
eral  manufactories  of  stone-ware. 

Waco,  a  post-office  of  Jasper  co..  Mo. 

Waco,  a  post-office  of  York  co..  Neb. 

Waco,  a  flourishing  city,  capital  of  McLennan  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Brazos  River  (here  crossed  by  a  wire 
suspension-bridge),  at  the  mouth  of  the  Bosque,  and  on  the 
Waco  Branch  Railroad,  which  connects  at  Bremond  with 
the  Houston  &  Texas  Central  Railroad,  about  100  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Austin,  and  43  miles  N.AV.  of  Bremond.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  the 
Waco  Female  College,  the  Waco  University  (Baptist),  which 
was  organized  in  1861  and  is  open  to  both  sexes,  a  commer- 
cial college,  a  convent,  13  churches,  2  flouring-mills,  2 
foundries,  giis-works,  and  manufactories  of  cotton  and  wool, 
ice,  lumber,  Ac.  This  town  is  a  shipping-point  for  numer- 
ous counties,  which  export  cotton,  wheat,  maize,  oats,  and 
live-stock.  One  or  2  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers  are 
published  here. 

Wacon'da,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.,  Kansas. 

Waconda  (or  Wakan'da)  Creek,  Carroll  co.,  Mo., 
runs  nearly  eastward,  and  enters  the  Missouri  River  about 
12  miles  above  Brunswick. 

Waconia,  wa-ko'ne-a,  a  post-hamlet  in  Waconia  town- 
ship. Carver  co.,  Minn.,  on  a  lake  called  Clearwater  or  Wa- 
conia, 11  miles  W.  of  Chaska,  and  about  28  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Minneapolis.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw- 
mill.    Pop.  of  the  township,  1184. 

Wacoo'chee,  a  post-office  of  Lee  co.,  Ala. 

Wacousta,  wah-koos'ta,  a  post-office  of  Humboldt  co., 
Iowa,  in  Wacousta  township,  about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Da- 
kota. The  West  Fork  of  the  Des  Moines  River  touches 
the  W.  part  of  the  township.     Pop.  of  the  township,  105. 

Wacousta,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  Mich.,  on 
Looking  Glass  River,  in  Watertown  township,  4  miles  N. 
of  Ingersoll  Station,  and  12  miles  N.W.  of  Lansing.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  2  wagon-shops. 

Wacouta,  wah-koo'ta,  a  post-office  and  station  of 
Goodhue  co.,  Minn.,  on  Lake  Pepin,  0  miles  E.S.B.  of  Red 
Wing,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad. 
Pop.  of  Wacouta  township,  109. 

Wad,  an  Arabic  prefix.     See  Wady. 

Wad-al-Kebir,  Spain.     See  Guadalquivir. 

Wadan,  Africa.     See  Hode.n. 

Waday,  orWady,  wa,'dl  (written  in  French,  Onaday), 
called  also  Dar  Saleyh  and  Bor'goo',  a  country  in 
the  interior  of  Africa,  S.  of  the  Great  Desert,  and  W.  of 
Darfoor.  It  is  larger  than  Darfoor,  which  it  excels  also  in 
fertility  and  in  abundance  of  water.  Through  its  valleys 
flow,  from  the  highland  on  the  E.  confines  of  AVaday,  two 
streams,  which  unite  to  form  the  Bahr-el-Gazal,  which 
periodically  converts  into  a  lake  the  hollow  plain  of  Fittr6, 
about  200  miles  W.  of  Waday ;  and  another  river,  the  Bahr- 
Iro,  flows  N.W.  through  Wadiy  from  the  mountains  of 
Marrah,  S.  of  Darfoor. 

A  strip  of  desert  on  the  E.  side  of  Wadily  separates  it 
from  Darfoor,  and  on  the  N.  AVadiy  has  the  mountainous 
and  rocky  desert  of  the  Tibboos.  The  plains  on  the  W., 
towards  Fittr6  and  Baghirmi,  with  an  extent  of  eight  or 
ten  days'  journey,  resemble  the  desert,  but  are  not  quite 
arid.  Towards  the  S.  the  country  improves  continually  in 
luxuriance  of  vegetation  and  copiousness  of  water,  till  at 
last  the  forests  of  baobab  and  ebony,  and  numerous  com- 
munities of  pagan  negroes,  mark  the  limits  of  the  horse- 
and  camel-keeping  Mohammedans  of  Wadfty. 

The  country  produces  in  abundance  durra,  dokhn,  maizO| 


WAD 


2746 


WAE 


•ad  the  other  grains,  m  well  as  the  fruits  of  the  torrid 
■one.  Cattle  and  horses  are  roared  in  great  numbers. 
The  people  know  bow  to  spin  and  woave  cotton,  and  can 
dye  their  webs ;  they  can  work  iron,  and  can  make  coarse 
implements  for  their  own  use ;  but  the  manufactured 
artiolus  chiefly  in  demand  and  most  pritod  by  thorn  aro 
imported  from  Egypt  or  Barbary.  In  return  they  export 
gum,  ivory,  ostrich-feathers,  tamarinds,  senna,  skins  to 
make  water-bags,  and  slaves. 

In  manners,  dress,  and  mode  of  life,  the  Mohammedan 
inhabitants  of  Wadiy  resemble  those  of  Darfoor.  Their 
bouses,  however,  are  superior,  being  often  of  good  masonry. 
Capital,  Abesher.     Pop.  about  2,600,000. 

Wad'borougli,  a  hamlet  of  England,  oo.  of  Worcester, 
on  the  Birmingham  &  Bristol  Knilway,  6  miles  S.E.  of 
Worcester. 

Wad'dam's  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Stephenson  co., 
111.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  liailroad,  16^  miles  N.W.  of 
Precport. 

>VadMelIs',  a  post-office  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.C. 

Wad'dington,  a  post-village  of  St.  Lawrence  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Waddington  township,  on  the  St.  Lawrence  River, 
about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Ogdcnsburg.  The  river  here  affords 
extensive  water-power,  wliich  has  been  increased  by  a  dam 
between  the  shore  and  an  island  in  the  river.  Waddington 
contains  4  churches,  2  grist-mills,  2  saw-mills,  a  paper-mill, 
a  tannery,  a  carriage-shop,  and  a  graded  school.  Pop.  710 ; 
of  the  township,  2608. 

Wade,  a  township  of  Jasper  co..  III.     Pop.  1864. 

Wade,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clare  co.,  Mich.,  in  Sheridan 
township,  7  miles  from  Clare  Station.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  saw-mill. 

Wade,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio 
River,  27  miles  by  water  or  21  miles  by  land  above  Mari- 
etta.    It  has  2  churches. 

Wad-el-Habid,  or  Onad-el-Habid,  wid'-8l-h&- 
beed',  a  river  of  Morocco,  flows  N.W.,  and,  after  a  course 
of  about  100  miles,  joins  the  Morbeya  on  the  left. 

Wadeliins,  wid'e-lims\  a  people  of  Africa,  occupying 
the  W.  part  of  the  Great  Desert. 

Wadena,  wah-de'na,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part 
of  Minnesota,  has  an  area  of  640  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Crow  Wing  River,  and  is  also  drained  by 
tho  Leaf  and  Red  Eye  Rivers.  The  surface  is  undulating. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  North- 
ern Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Wadena.  Valuation  of 
real  and  personal  estate,  $15,640.  Pop.  in  1870,6;  in 
1875,  210;  in  1880,  2080. 

Wadena,  or  Wnudena,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Volga  River  and  the  Chicago,  Dubuque  & 
Minnesota  Railroad,  72  miles  W.N.W.  of  Dubuque,  and  6 
miles  E.  of  Lima.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Wadena,  a  post-hamlet,  capital  of  AVadena  oo.,  Minn., 
in  Wadena  township,  on  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  162 
miles  W.  of  Duluth.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a 
saw-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  138. 

Wadenschwyl,  M'd?n-shwir,  or  Wadensweil, 
■*'i'd?ns-*il\  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  12  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Zurich,  on  the  S.  side  of  the  Lake  of  Zurich.  It 
has  a  castle.     Pop.  of  parish,  6049. 

Wade  Plantation,  a  township  of  Aroostook  co.,  Me. 
Pop.  76. 

Wader,  a  town  of  Afghanistan.    See  Wador. 

Wade's,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co.,  Va, 

Wadesborougli,  wadz'bur-rfih,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Calloway  co.,  Ky.,  about  32  miles  S.S.E.  of  Paducah.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Wadesborough,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Anson  co., 
N.C,  in  Wadesborough  township,  on  the  Carolina  Central 
Railroad,  52  miles  E.S.E.  of  Charlotte.  It  has  a  bank,  the 
Anson  Institute,  a  superior  hotel,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  5 
churches.     Pop.  in  1880,  800;  of  the  township,  3327. 

Wade's  Branch,  a  post-ofiice  of  Miami  co.,  Kansas, 
about  8  miles  N.W.  of  Paola. 

Wadesburg,  wadz'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co., 
Mo„  16  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Ilolden.     It  has  a  church. 

Wade's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Clark  co.,  Ky.,  6  or  7 
miles  N.E.  of  Winchester. 

Wadestown,  wadz'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monongalia 
CO.,  W.  Va.,  6  miles  E.  of  Burton,  and  about  45  miles  S.S.E. 
of  Wheeling.     It  has  2  churches,  and  iron-works. 

Wadesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Posey  co.,  Ind.,  16  miles 
N.W.  of  Evansville.     It  has  a  church  and  2  wagon-shops. 

Wadesville,  Clarke  co.,  Va.    See  Brucetown. 

Wadetz,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Wadowice. 

Wadeville,  a  post-office  of  Choctaw  Nation,  Indian 
Territory, 


Wad  e  vil  1  e ,  a  post-hamlet  of  Navarro  co.,  Tex.  1 8  m  i 
E.  of  Corsicana.     It  has  a  church.  '        '        j' 

Wadgier,  one  of  the  Aroo  Islands.    See  Wadjikr 

Wadham's  (w&d'^mz)  Mills,  a  post-village  of  J:i. 
CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Westport  township,  on  the  Boquet  Hive 
mile  from  the  New  York  A  Canada  RnilroaJ,  and  36  a 
S.  of  Plattsburg.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufacturoi 
iron,  flour,  and  lumber. 

Wad'hurst,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Sussex  fi  m 
S.E.  of  Tunbridge  Wells.     Pop.  3191.  ' 

Wndi-Ash,  a  city  of  Spain.    See  Quadix.  j 

Wa'ding  Uiver,  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  runssouthwi 
and  enters  the  Egg  Harbor  River. 

Wading    River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burlington 
N.J.,  on  a  stream  of  the  same  name,  0  miles  W.  of  Tu 
erton.     It  has  a  church. 

Wading  River,  a  post-village  of  Suffolk  eo.,  N. 
about  9  miles  N.W.  of  Riverhead,  and  i  mile  from  1, 
Island  Sound.     It  has  a  church.    Pop.  about  250. 

Wadinoon,  w&Me-noon'  (written  in  FrcnchOKnrfin 
or  Ouady-Noun),  a  town  of  Morocco,  near  the  river  N. 
115  miles  S.W.  of  Terodant. 

Wadjier,  or  Wadgier,  wld^jceu',  one  of  the  jmal 
Aroo  Islands,  with  a  village  of  the  same  name  on  iu 
side.  The  inhabitants  are  chiefly  Christians,  with  a  imal 
number  of  Mohammedans. 

Wadjoe,  wld'joo'  (?),  a  native  state  near  the  inid< 
of  the  island  of  Celebes,  Malay  Archipelago,  on  the  Ui 
of  Boni. 

Wad'ley,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co.,  Oa.,  on  ( 
Central  Railroad,  about  100  miles  N.W.  of  Savannah 
has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  flour-mill.    Pop.  4,' 

Wadley's  Falls,  a  post-hamlctof  Straff'ord  co.,  N.l 
in  Lee  township,  on  the  Lamprey  River,  about  10  mi 
S.W.  of  Dover.  It  has  manufactures  of  leather  and  Iu 
her.     Pop.  about  100. 

Wad'malaw  Island,  one  of  the  sea-islands 
Charleston  co.,  S.C.,  forms  a  township.    Pop.  3826. 

Wad-Medina,  or  Ouad-Mcdina,  wdd-mi-dcc 
a  town  of  the  Egyptian  dominions,  in  tho  S.  of  Nubia. 
the  left  bank  of  the  Bahr-el-Azrek,  about  80  miles  S.S. 
of  Khartoom.  It  is  of  considerable  importance,  and  « 
once  regarded  as  the  capital  of  East  Soodan,  having  ( 
that  purpose  been  substituted  for  Sennaar,  though  it  wl 
itself  afterwards  supplanted  by  Khartoom.  Pop.,  includii 
the  garrison,  nearly  4000. 

Wador,  wi'don',  a  town  of  Afghanistan,  17  miles  ^ 
of  Dera  Ghazee  Khan,  on  the  route  to  Candahar.  ■ 

WadoAvice,  *i-do-^eet'si,  or  Wadetz,  *4'd5ti,i 
town  of  Austrian  Poland,  in  Galicia,  on  the  Skawa,  23  mil 
W.S.W.  of  Cracow.     Pop.  3171. 

Wads'worth,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co..  111.,  on  tl 
Chicago  <fc  Milwaukee  Railroad,  and  on  the  Des  Plain 
River,  43  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Chicago. 

WadsAVorth,  a  post-village  of  Washoe  co.,  Nevada,  < 
the  Truckee  River,  and  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  i 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Reno.  Here  are  a  machine-shop,  a  ca 
shop,  and  round-house  of  tho  railroad. 

Wadsworth,  a  flourishing  post-village  in  Wadsworf 
township,  Medina  co.,  0.,  on  the  Atlantic  k  Great  Weftei 
Railroad,  14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Akron,  and  about  33  mil 
S.  of  Cleveland.  It  has  a  bank,  a  Mennonito  college, 
newspaper  office,  6  churches,  2  planing-mills,  and  mani 
facturcs  of  carriages,  farming-implements,  <to.  Pop.  i 
1880,  1219;  of  the  township,  2837. 

Wadsworth's,  a  station  in  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  on  th 
New  York  k  New  England  Railroad,  30  miles  S.W.  0 
Boston. 

Wady,  wld'ee,  or  Wad,  wld,  an  Arabic  word  signifj 
ing  "valley"  or  "river,"  forming  a  part  of  many  nam» 
in  North  Africa  and  Western  Asia.     This  root  furnishi 
also  tho  prefix  in  such  Spanish  names  as  Guadalquiv 
Guadiana,  and  Guadalcte. 

Wady,  a  country  of  Africa.    See  Waday. 

Wady  el  Tyh,  wd'dee  fil  tec  (or  "  valley  of  the  Wm 
dering"),  is  in  Egypt,  extending  between  ancient  Jlemphi 
and  Suez,  immediately  S.  of  the  Jeb-el-Ataka. 

Wady-Moosa,  or  Wady-Mousa,  wid'e-moo'sl, 
valley  of  Arabia  Pctraja,  opening  on  tho  W.  into  Aratah 
the  great  depression  between  the  Dead  Sea  and  the  Onlj 
of  Akabah.     At  its  S.E.  extremity  are  the  ruins  of  Petrt. 

Wady  Noon,  a  town  of  Morocco.    See  Wapinoo.v. 

Wad'y  Pe'tra,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stark  co.,  111.,  on  th 
Peoria  &  Rock  Island  Railroad,  25  miles  N.  by  W.of  Peons 

Waelder,wail'd9r,  a  po.^t-village  of  Gonzales  co.,  Tex. 
on  the  Galveston,  Harrisburg  <fc  San  Antonio  Railroad,  V 
miles  W.  of  Columbus.     It  has  a  church 


WAE 


2747 


WAI 


Waelhem,  or  Waalhem,  MI'hfim,  a  village  of  Bel- 
,im,  12  miles  S.  of  Antwerp,  on  "the  Nfithe.     Pop.  1016. 

Waeping,  a  town  of  China.    See  Waiping. 

Waercghem,  ^^il'r^h-ghiin^  a  village  of   Belgium, 

jvinceof  West  Flanders,  on  the  Brussels  <fc  Tournay  Rail- 

,y,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Courtrai.     Pop.  6S39. 

Waermaerde,  or  Waarmaarde,  *ilR'milnM9h,  a 
■  Ingo  of  Belgium,  province  of  West  Flanders,  on  the 
llieldt,  28  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  1043. 

Waerschoot,  ■friVn'sKot',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
,  East  Flanders,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  5293. 

Waerten,  a  town  of  Belgium.    See  ■\Varneto.v. 

VVaertOAvn,  New  Jersey.    See  Waretown. 

Waesniiinster,  wJls'mun'st^r,  a  town  of  Belgium, 
pvince  of  East  Flanders,  16  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Ghent,  on 
I)  Dunne.     Pop.  5468.     It  has  cotton-mills. 

Waes,  Pays  de,  pi'eo'  d?h  ♦i'A',  an  ancient  district 
(  Belgium,  province  of  East  Flanders.  It  is  one  of  the 
1  ist  fertile  tracts  in  Europe,  and  was  formerly  called  the 
Measure-garden  of  Flanders." 

Waetoue,  *S,^iHoo',  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flan- 
Is,  12  miles  S.  of  Fumes.     Pop.  2735. 

VVaga,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Vaoa. 

Wagai,  a  river  of  Siberia.    See  Vagal 

^Vag'aman,  a  station  of  the  New  Orleans  &  Texas 
liilroad,  10  miles  W,  of  New  Orleans,  La. 

^Vagenfeld,  -(ti'gh^n-ffiir,  a  commune  of  Prussia,  in 
;  mover,  about  10  miles  S.E.  of  Diepholz.     Pop.  2966. 

^'ageningen,  -^i'gh^nHng-en,  a  town  of  the  Nether- 
1  ids,  in  Gelderland,  on  the  Rhine,  11  miles  W.  of  Arnhem. 
;  p.  5724,  who  trade  in  corn  and  cattle. 

IVageoo  Island,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Waigeoo. 

Wager  (wi'j§r;  River,  a  large  estuary  or  inlet  of 
]itish  North  America,  W.  of  Southampton  Island,  its 
(itre  near  lat.  66°  N.,  Ion.  90°  W. 

kVag'goner's  Rippl  e,  a  post- hamlet  of  Adams  co.,  0., 
i  Green  township,  on  Brush  Creek,  19  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
]  lysville,  Ky. 

kVa'ghen,  or  Wawn,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of 
'Irk,  East  Riding,  with  a  village,  4  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bev- 
« ey.  Here  are  remains  of  Melsa  Abbey,  founded  in  the 
(elfth  century. 

Wag'ner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clayton  co.,  Iowa,  in  AVag- 
ir  township,  about  10  miles  N.  of  El  Kader,  and  14  miles 
":  by  S.  of  McGregor.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of  the 
(rnship,  889. 

Wagner,  a  post-hamlet  of  MifHin  co.,  Pa.,  in  Decatur 
Irnship,  on  the  Lewistown  &  Selin's  Grove  Railroad,  12i 
lies  E.N.E.  of  Lewistown.     It  has  a  church. 

Wagoner's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Miami  co.,  Ind., 
4  the  IndianapoliSj  Peru  &  Chicago  Railroad,  18  miles  N. 

<  Peru. 

Wag'ontown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  on 
Is  Wilmington  <fc  Reading  Railroad,  40  miles  W.  of  Phila- 

<  pbia. 

Wag'on  Wheel  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Rio  Grande 
(,  Col. 

Wagon  Works,  a  post-office  of  Lucas  co.,  0.,  is  in  the 
1  lits  of  the  city  of  Toledo,  at  Wagon  Works  Junction, 
'  ich  is  on  the  Toledo  division  of  the  Canada  Southern 
!  ilroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Detroit  division  of  the 
'.  ke  Shore  <fc  Slichigan  Southern  Railroad.  Here  is  a 
imufactory  of  wagons. 

Wagram,  wi'gram  or  ■fri'grS.m,  a  village  of  Lower 
.istria,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Rossbach,  11  miles  N.E. 
''Vienna.  It  is  famous  for  the  victory  of  Napoleon  over 
1(3  Austrians,  July  6,  1809,  which  was  followed  by  the 
iaty  of  Schonbrunn. 

JWag'ram,  a  post-hamlet  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  in  Etna 
|rnship,  3  miles  from  Summit  Station. 
Wagram,  a  post-office  of  Accomack  co.,  Va. 
RVagrowiec,  Prussia.    See  Wosgrowitz. 
IWagstadt,  ^ig'stitt,  a  town  of  Austrian  Silesia,  14 
ifles  S.E.  of  Troppau,  on  the  Waag.     Pop.  3720.     It  has 
lastle,  and  manufactures  of  linens  and  woollens. 
p^'ahal,  Netherlands.    See  Waal. 
IWahalak,  waw-hal'ak,  a  post-village  of  Kemper  co., 
Iss.,  on  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  15  miles  S.  of  Macon. 
Jhas  a  church.     Here  are  forests  of  ash  and  white  oak. 
fWah-a-toy-a.    See  Spanish  Pkaks. 
flVahee,  wah'heo',  township,  Marion  co.,  S.C.     P.  1429. 
Wah-el-Dakhleh,  Egypt.    See  El-Dakhel. 
JWali'jamega,  or  Waj'amega,  a  post-village  of 
^Bcola  CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Cass  River,  12  miles  E.N.E.  of 
wssar.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  lumber-mill.     Wahjamega 
lotion  on  the  Caro  Branch  Railroad  is  9  miles  N.E.  of 
IMsar. 


Wahkiakum,  wah-ke-Jlk'um,  a  small  county  in  the 
S.AV.  part  of  Washington.  It  i's  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the 
Columbia  River.  The  surface  is  partly  covered  with  for- 
ests. The  soil  produces  potatoes,  grass,  <fec.  Capital,  Cath- 
lamet.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $375,000. 
Pop.  in  1870,  270;  in  1880,  1598. 

Wah'kon'sa,  a  township  of  Webster  co.,  Iowa.    P.  921i 

Wahlahgas,  a  river  of  Maine.    See  Alleguash. 

Wahleren,  ^3,'lA-r§n,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  9  miles  S.AV.  of  Bern.     Pop.  5290. 

Wahlershausen,  ^i'l^rs-hfiw'z^n,  a  village  of  Hesse- 
Cassel,  in  Niederhessen,  circle  of  Cassel.     Pop.  1558. 

Wahlstatt,  ^Al'stitt,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Silesia, 
4  miles  S.E.  of  Liegnitz.  Here,  in,  1241,  Henry  of  Lieg- 
nitz  was  defeated  by  the  Mongols ;  and  here,  August  26, 
1813,  the  French  were  defeated  by  the  Prussians  under  Blii- 
cher,  who  thence  derived  his  title  of  Prince  of  AVahlstadt,  • 

Waholock,  Kemper  co.,  Miss.     See  Wahalak. 

Wahoo,  one  of  the  Hawaii  Islands.     See  Oahu. 

Wahoo,  wah-hoo',  a  post-hamlet  of  Lumpkin  co.,  Ga., 
17  miles  N.  of  Gainesville.  It  has  1  or  2  churches  and  a 
grist-mill. 

Wahoo,  or  Wauhoo,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Saun- 
dei's  CO.,  Neb.,  on  Cottonwood  Creek,  at  the  mouth  of 
Wahoo  Creek,  on  the  Omaha  &  Republican  Valley  Rail- 
road, 18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Fremont,  and  54  miles  W.  of 
Omaha.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  and  a  graded 
school.     Pop.  in  1890,  2006. 

Wahpeton,  wah'p§-ton,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Rich- 
land CO.,  N.D.,  on  the  Red  River  of  the  North,  27  miles  by 
rail  W.  of  Fergus  Falls.     Pop.  1610. 

Wilhring,  or  Waring,  ^A'ring,  a  village  of  Austria, 
adjoining  Vienna  on  the  W.     Pop.  16,023. 

Wah^satch'  Range,  or  Wasatch  (wah'satch') 
Mountains,  Utah,  a  long  range  which  forms  the  eastern 
boundary  of  the  Great  Basin,  extending  from  the  northern 
border  of  Utah  southward  through  the  middle  of  the  terri- 
tory nearly  to  the  Colorado  River.  The  highest  peaks  are 
about  11,500  feet  high,  on  the  sides  of  which  deep  and  pic- 
turesque canons  occur.  The  basis-rocks  of  this  range  are 
a  series  of  alternating  layers  of  quartzose,  mica,  and  horn- 
blendic  schists.  Above  these  rest,  in  the  following  order, 
beds  of  quartzite  limestone  (probably  of  Silurian  age),  a 
group  of  clays,  shales,  quartzites,  &c.,  and  a  great  thick- 
ness of  limestones  containing  many  organic  remains  of  tho 
carboniferous  age.  Silver  is  found  in  this  range.  The  Pa- 
cific Railroad  crosses  it  near  Ogden. 

Wahsatch,  a  station  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  in 
Utah,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Evanston,  Wyoming. 

Wahungen,  ^i'hSong-^n,  or  Wasungen,  <^i'sSSng- 
§n,  a  town  of  Germany,  duchy  of  Saxe-Meiningen,  on  the 
Werra,  7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Meiningen.  Pop.  2459.  It  has 
manufactures  of  linen  fabrics  and  cutlery. 

Waia,  wi'i,  one  of  the  Feejee  Islands,  South  Pacific 
Ocean.      Lat.  17°  7'  S. ;  Ion.  177°  4'  E.     Pop.  about  3000. 

Waiblingen,  ^i'bling-^n,  a  town  of  AViirtemberg,  cir- 
cle of  Neckar,  on  the  Rems,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Stuttgart.  Pop. 
4128.  The  emperors  of  the  Hohcnstauffen  family  received 
their  name  of  Ghibellinet  from  this  town,  which  was  for- 
merly called  AViBELiSGEJf. 

Waibstadt,  ■^ib'stitt,  a  town  of  Baden,  circle  of  Lower 
Rhine,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Mannheim.     Pop.  1958. 

Waidhofen,  *id'ho-f?n,  a  town  of  Austria,  on  the 
Ips,  43  miles  AV.S.AV.  of  St.  Polten.  Pop.  3A97.  It  is  tho 
centre  of  the  iron-manufacture  of  Lower  Austria. 

Waidhofen,  Bohmisch  (i.e.,  "  Bohemian"),  bo'mish 
^id'ho-f^n,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria,  on  tho  Thaya,  32 
miles  N.W.  of  Kreras.     Pop.  1984. 

Waidsborough,  wadz'btir-riih,  a  post-office  of  Frank- 
lin CO.,  A'^a. 

Waigats,  or  Waigatz,  Russia.    See  Vaigats. 

Waigeoo,  Waigiou,  Waygeou,  or  Waygiou, 
wi'ghee-oo',  written  also  Wageoo,  an  island  in  the  Pacific 
Ocean,  N.  of  New  Guinea,  forming  part  of  the  region  called 
Papualand.  Lat.  of  the  Bay  of  Offak,  0°  1'  8"  S. ;  Ion.  130" 
43'  E.  It  is  mountainous  in  the  centre,  and  covered  with 
vast  marshes  on  the  shores. 

Wai-IIo,  New  Zealand.    See  Thames. 

Waihu,  an  island  of  Chili.    See  Easter  Island. 

Waikato,  wi-ki'to,  the  principal  river  of  New  Zea- 
land, North  Island,  rises  in  Lake  Taupo,  flows  N.,  and 
enters  the  ocean  at  AVaikato  Harbor,  on  the  AV.  coast,  35 
miles  S.  of  Auckland.  Total  course,  estimated  at  250  miles. 
Principal  affluent,  the  AVaipa. 

Wailesborough,  walz'bur-ruh,  or  Waylesburg, 
walz'bfirg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bartholomew  co.,  Ind.,  on  tha 
Jeffersonville,  Madison  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  at  AVales- 


WAI 


2748 


WAK 


borough  Station,  5  miles  S.  of  Columbus.  It  has  2  churohos. 
Pop.  101. 

iVain'fleet)  Atown  of  England,  oo.  of  Lincoln,  15  miles 
N.E.  of  Boston.     Pop.  2076. 

Wain-Gunga«  »  river  of  India.    See  Wynk-Oanoa. 

M'aipiiig,  or  Wacpinp,  wl^ping',  a  walled  town  of 
't^hina,  jirovinoo  of  Cho-Kiang,  near  the  frontiers  of  Kiang- 
Boo,  S.W.  of  Ilang-Chow.     Pop.  about  150,000. 

WairaUf  wl'raw,  a  river  of  Now  Zealand,  South  Island, 
enters  Cloudy  Bay.  It  is  navigable  to  some  distance  above 
its  mouth.  A  massacro  of  English  settlers  took  place  on 
its  banks  in  April,  1843. 

H'airoav  wi-ro'i,  a  river  of  Now  Zealand,  North  Island, 
entera  Kivipara  Harbor  55  miles  N.W.  of  Auckland. 

Wairoa,  a  bay  of  New  Zealand.     See  IIawkh's  Bat. 

Waite^  wate,  a  post-township  of  Washington  oo..  Mo., 
about  28  miles  W.N.W.  of  Calais.     Pop.  122. 

Waitra,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria.    See  Weitua. 

Wait's,  a  post-office  of  Scioto  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ports- 
mouth Branch  of  the  Marietta  &  Cincinnati  Railroad,  about 
8  miles  E.  of  Portsmouth. 

Waits'burg,  a  post-village  of  Walla  Walla  co.,  Wash- 
ington.    Pop.  in  1880,  248. 

>Vait8'fleld,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Vt.,  in 
Waitsfiold  township,  about  30  miles  S.E.  of  Burlington. 
It  has  3  churches  and  a  starch-factory.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
■hip,  948. 

Wait's  River,  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  runs  southeastward, 
and  enters  the  Connecticut  River  at  Bradford. 

Wait's  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  on  a 
river  of  its  own  name,  23  miles  S.E.  of  Montpelier. 

Waitzen,  wit's^n,  or  Waatzen,  wflt'g?n  (Hun.  Vacz, 
v^ts),  a  town  of  Central  Hungary,  oo.  of  Pesth,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Danube,  20  miles  N.  of  Pesth,  with  which  it 
is  connected  by  railway.  Pop.  12,894.  It  is  the  see  of  a 
bishop,  and  has  a  fine  cathedral,  an  episcopal  palace,  a 
town  hall,  a  Piarist  college,  a  military  school,  a  seminary,  a 
deaf  and  dumb  asylum,  paper-mills,  large  cattle-fairs,  and 
a  trade  in  wine. 

Wait'ville,  or  Waiteville,  a  post-office  of  Monroe 
00.,  W.  Va. 

Wnjamega,  Tuscola  co.,  Mich.    See  Wah.iamega. 

W^erezy,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  IIoverswerda. 

Wajo,  wi'yo,  a  kingdom  of  Celebes,  on  its  W.  arm,  N. 
of  the  state  of  Boni,  on  the  Gulf  of  Boni.  Its  capital  is 
Tesora  (ti-so'rfl,),  a  large  straggling  town,  with  extensive 
ruins.     Pop.  now  reduced  to  about  6000. 

Wakanda,  a  township  of  Carroll  co..  Mo.     Pop.  5342. 

Wakanda  Creek,  Missouri.    See  Waconda  Creek. 

Wakarusa,  waw-ka-roo'sa,  a  small  river  of  Kansas, 
rises  in  Wabaunsee  co.,  runs  nearly  eastward  through  Shaw- 
nee and  Douglas  cos.,  and  enters  the  Kansas  River  8  miles 
E.  of  Lawrence. 

Wakarusa,  a  post-village  of  Elkhart  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Olive  township,  10  or  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Goshen.  It  has 
a  newspaper  office,  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  grist- 
mill.    Pop.  500. 

Wakarusa,  township,  Douglas  co.,  Kansas.     P.  2083. 

Wakarusa,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shawnee  co.,  Kansas,  on 
Wakarusa  Creek,  and  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  ¥6 
Railroad,  12  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Topeka.     It  has  a  church. 

Wak^atom'ica,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.,  20 
miles  N.  of  Zanesviile.     It  has  a  church. 

Wake,  the  most  populous  county  of  North  Carolina,  is 
near  the  middle  of  the  state.  Area,  about  900  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Neuse  River,  and  is  also  drained  by 
Little  River  and  Middle  and  Swift  Creeks.  The  surface  is 
hilly,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is 
mostly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  sweet  potatoes, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Granite  underlies  a  large 
part  of  the  surface.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
North  Carolina  Railroad.  The  Raleigh  A  Gaston  Railroad 
connects  with  the  Raleigh  &  Augusta  Railroad  at  Raleigh, 
which  is  the  capital  of  this  county  and  of  the  state.  Valu- 
ation of  real  and  personal  estate,  $12,259,352.  Pop.  in 
1870,  35,617;  in  1880,  47,939. 

Wake,  North  Carolina.    See  Wake  Forest  College. 

Wa  Kee'ney,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Trego  co.,  Kan- 
«as,  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  32  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Hays  City.     Pop.  in  1880,  418. 

Wake'field,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York,  West 
Riding,  on  the  Lancashire  &  Yorkshire  Railway,  9  miles 
8.  of  Leeds.  Pop.  of  parish  in  1871,  43,493;  of  parlia- 
mentary borough,  28,069.  The  town  is  on  the  sloping  N. 
bank  of  the  Calder,  here  crossed  by  a  stone  bridge  of  8 
arches.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  several  handsome  churches, 
an  elegant  chapel,  projecting  over  the  E.  side  of  the  bridge. 


(h. 


supposed  to  date  from  1340,  a  grammar-school,  librni ,. 
news-rooms,  corn  exchange  and  saloon,  court-houm-  i' 
dissenting  chapels,  and  a  Doric  niarkct-crosg.  T\,[! 
mar-Bchool,  founded  by  Queen  Eliviabeth.  has  a  hrg, 
enue,  and  six  exhibitions  to  the  universities:  in  ii 
bishop  Potter  and  Dr.  Buntley  wore  cduented.  lUi 
many  charitable  endowments,  the  West  Kiding  I,i 
Asylum,  a  fever  hospital,  masonic  lodge  for  the  West  K 
literary,  philosophical,  and  horticultural  socicliis,  i 
chanics'  institution,  and  a  theatre.  The  town  haii 
foundries,  breweries,  largo  chomieal  works,  and  inai 
tures  of  woollen  yarn.  The  chief  trade  is  in  corn 
and  cattle.  It  has  also  coal-mines,  and  an  active  t 
of  coal.     It  sends  one  member  to  the  House  of  Conim 

Wake'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richland  oo.,  II 
miles  N.W.  of  Olney.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  grim- 

Wakefield,  a  post-village  in  Republican  town 
Clay  CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Republican  River,  and  oi 
Junction  City  A  Fort  Kearney  Branch  of  the  Kanu 
cific  Railroad,  19  miles  N.N.W.  of  Junction  City.  It 
church  and  several  stores. 

Wakefield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  oiL 
Western  Maryland  Railroad,  38  miles  N.W.  of  Baltii 
It  has  a  creamery. 

Wakefield  (formerly  South  Reading),  a  posi 
lage  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  in  Wakefield  township,  oi 
Boston  A  Maine  Railroad,  10  or  11  miles  N.  of  Boston 
is  connected  with  Salem  by  a  branch  of  the  Eastern  1 
road.  It  has  7  churches,  a  public  hall,  a  national  bai 
savings-bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  an  i 
foundry,  and  extensive  manufactures  of  boots,  shoes,  ey 
tools,  rattans,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1880,  5541 

Wakefield,  a  township  of  Stearns  co.,  Minn.    P. 

Wakefield,  often  called  Wakefield  Corner,a  f  t 
village  in  Wakefield  township,  Carroll  co.,  N.H.,  on' 
Conway  division  of  the  Eastern  Railroad,  12  miles  S 
Ossipee,  and  20  miles  N.  of  Rochester.  It  contains  a  chi 
and  an  academy.  The  township  contains  several  lake*, 
a  village  named  Union.     Pop.  of  the  township,  118o. 

Wakefield,  Wake  co.,  N.C.    See  Kosinburo, 

Wakefield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  a1 
22  miles  S.  of  Lancaster. 

Wakefield,  a  post-village  in  South  Kingston  townil 
Washington  co.,  R.I.,  on  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  and  on' 
Newport  A  Kingston  Railroad,  about  5  miles  8.  of  Kir 
ton,  and  30  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Proviacncc.  It  ba 
churches,  2  national  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  W' 
len-factory. 

Wakefield,  a  post-office  of  Outagamie  co.,  Wii 
miles  from  Appleton. 

Wake'field,  a  post-village  in  Ottawa  co.,  Quebec, 
the  river  Gatineau,  23  miles  N.W.  of  Ottawa.  Itcontii 
a  woollen-factory,  a  saw-mill,  and  several  stores.    Pop.  S 

Wakefield  Centre,  a  station  of  the  Boston  A  Ma 
Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Boston,  Mass. 

Wakefield  Corner,  N.H.    See  Wakefield. 

Wakefield  Station,  a  post-office  of  Sussex  co.,  A 
on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  A  Ohio  Railroad,  29  miln  S 
of  Petersburg. 

Wake  For'est  College,  a  post-village  of  Wake  J 
N.C,  on  the  Raleigh  A  Gaston  Railroad,  iit  Wake  Stati 
17  miles  N.N.E.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  a  church.  Here 
the  Wako  Forest  College  (Baptist),  which  was  organi; 
in  1838.     Pop.  in  1880,  458. 

Wakelee,  wak'Ice,  a  post-office  of  Cass  co.,  Mich., 
the  Chicago  A  Lake  Huron  Railroad,  about  90  miles  S. 
of  Lansing. 

Wakeman,  wak'man,  post-office,  Norton  co.,  Kanwi 

Wakeman,  a  post-village  of  Huron  co.,  0.,  in  Wall 
man  township,  on  the  Vermilion  River,  and  on  the  Lai 
Shore  A  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  12  miles  E.  of  N( 
walk,  and  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Oberlin.  It  has  4  charch. 
a  money-order  post-office,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  | 
1880,  682;  of  the  township.  1450.  i 

Waken'da  (formerly  Eugene  City),  a  post-villa  j 
of  Carroll  co..  Mo.,  in  Eugene  township,  on  the  St.  Louj 
Kansas  City  A  Northern  Railroad,  73  miles  E.  of  Kansi 
City.  It  has  a  church,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  manufacto 
of  farming-implements. 

Wakesh'ma,  a  post-township  forming  the  S.E.  c 
treraity  of  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  14fi0, 

Wakiacum,  Washington.     See  Wahkiaciim.  j 

Wakulla,  wah-kul'la,  a  small  river  of  Florida,  flowi* 
into  an  arm  of  Appalachee  Bay.  ' 

Wakulla,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  FloriJa,  has  £ 
area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  . 
by  St.  Mark's  River,  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Gulf  of  Mexic 


WAK 


2745 


WAL 


•  on  the  W.  by  tho  Ocklockonnee  River.  A  large  part 
ojho  surface  is  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees. 
(Ion,  Indian  corn,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  It 
i*aversed  by  the  Jacksonville,  Pensacola  A  Mobile  Rail- 
rd.  Capital,  Crawfordville.  Valuation  of  real  and  per- 
S(kil  estate,  $317,403.  Pop.  in  1870,  2506,  of  whom  2483 
«fe  Americans ;  in  1880,  2723. 

akulla  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Wakulla  co.,  Fla. 
alachia.    See  Wali.achia. 

aladia,  El,  dl  wd-l&'de-i,  a  maritime  town  of  Mo- 
with  a  harbor  at  tho  mouth  of  a  river  in  the  Atlan- 
100  miles  N.W.  of  Morocco. 
fValahmutte,  Oregon.  See  Wii,lamette. 
Valujaiiagur,  wi-li-ji-nl-giir',  a  considerable  town 
itish  India,  presidency  and  65  miles  W.S.W.  of  Mad- 
j"!  district  of  North  Arcot,  on  the  Palaur. 

al'bach,  a  post-offlce  of  Laramie  co.,  Wyoming. 
aibeck,  *ii'bfik,  a  village  of  Prussian  Saxony,  28 
les  W.N.W.  of  Magdeburg,  on  the  Aller.     Pop.  1266. 
"albert,  wSl'b^rt,  a  station  on  the  Catasauqua  <fc  Fo- 
ville  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Catasauqua,  Pa. 
iValbridge,  wSl'brij,  a  post-village  of  Wood  eo.,  0.,  in 
e  township,  on  the  Columbus  <fc  Toledo   Railroad,  at 
tj  junction  of  the  Toledo  A  Mansfield  Railroad,  5  miles 
E.  of  Toledo.     It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  stave- 
fjlory. 

iValchen-See,  -frilK'^n-si,  a  lake  of  Upper  Bavaria, 
r  the  Tyrol.  Length,  4  miles;  breadth,  3  miles.  It 
a  productive  fishery. 

alcheren,  ^Vil'ic^r-^n,  the  most  W.  of  the  islands 
jthe  Netherlands,  province  of  Zealand,  between  the  East 
aj  West  Scheldt,  and  having  W.  the  North  Sea.    Length, 
Ijmiles ;  breadth,  10  miles.     Lat.  51°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  3°  30' 
If   Pop.  40,000.     It  is  fertile,  but  below  tho  level  of  the 
g|,  against  which  it  is  protected  by  extensive  dunes  and 
djes.    Chief  town,  Middelburg.     The  English,  under  the 
Itl  of  Chatham,  occupied  it  in  1809. 
,^Valcott,  wol'k9t,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  Ark. 
jkValcott,  Scott  CO.,  Iowa.    See  Wolcott. 
AValcott,  a  township  of  Rice  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  615. 
iValcott,  a  station  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  21 
lies  E.  of  Rawlins,  Wyoming. 
kValcourt,  Mrkoon',  a  town  of  Belgium,  province  and 
J  miles  S.W.  of  Namur,  on  the  Sambre  &  Mouse  Railway. 
]p.  1345.     It  has  a  church,  with  an  image  of  the  Virgin, 
^  ich  attracts  numerous  devotees. 

^Vald,  'ftillt,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  government  of 
l.sseldorf,  circle  of  Solingen,  about  7  miles  S.W.  of  Elber- 
fjd.  Pop.  7701.  It  has  manufactures  of  hardware  and 
<i  cotton,  linen,  and  woollen  fabrics. 

jVVald,  ■^ilt,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  7  miles 
JIn.E.  of  Appenzell.     Pop.  1482. 

Waid,  a  village  and  parish  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
i miles  E.S.E.  of  Zurich,  Pop.  5055,  partly  employed  in 
■i;ton-spinning  and  in  iron-works. 

aldai,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Valdai. 
aldaschaff,  ^ild'ish'iff,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  Lower 
[anconia,  at  the  source  of  the  Aschaff.     Pop.  1614. 

aldau,  <^41'd6w,  a  village  of  Prussia,  province  of 
^esia,  government  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  2571. 
^"aldbockelheim,  wa,Pbok'?l-hime\  a  market-town 
Rhenish  Prussia,  government  of  Coblentz,  6  miles  W.  of 
eutznach.     Pop.  1270. 

iWaldcappel,  Hesso-Cassel.    See  Waldkappel. 
fWaldeck,  wSl'dSk  (Ger.  pron.  ■ft'll'dfik),  a  principality 
♦■Germany,  consisting  of  two  detached  portions:  first,  of 
'laldock,  lying  between  lat.  51°  and  51°  30'  N.,  Ion.  8°  30' 
Id  9°  11'  E.,  enclosed  by  Prussian  Westphalia  and  Hesse- 
ssau;  secondly,  of  Pyrmont,  30  miles  northward,  sur- 
nded  by  the  territories  of  Hanover,  Lippe-Detmold,  and 
unswick.    United  area,  439  square  miles.    Pop.  in  1885, 
565.     The  inhabitants  are  mostly  Lutherans.     The  sur- 
pe  is  hilly.    Both  portions  of  territory  are  situated  in  the 
!sin  of  the  AVeser,  and  are  watered  by  its  tributaries  the 
ler,  Diemcl,   and  Emmer.     Sufficient  corn  is  raised  for 
'me  consumption,  with  potatoes,  fruits,  and  flax.     Cattle- 
aring  and  the  production  of  timber  are  highly  important : 
farly  one-third  of  the  surface  is  in  forests.     The  mineral 
joducts  comprise  iron,  salt,  alabaster,  marble,  and  slates, 
lid  a  considerable  portion  of  the  prince's  revenue  is  de- 
zed  from  the  export  of  the  waters  of  Pyrmont,  one  of  the 
[ief  spas  of  Germany.   Manufactures  of  linen  and  woollen 
ifiFs,  paper,  iron,  leather,  and  cotton  hosiery  are  carried 
;  but  the  principal  articles  of  commerce  are  corn,  cattle, 
e  wool,  honey,  iron,  mineral  waters,  <fec.     The  govern- 
Bnt  is  a  limited  monarchy,  with  a  diet  of  representatives 
the  nobility,  the  towns,  and  the  rural  districts.     The 


territory  is  subdivided  into  5  circles.  The  chief  towns  are 
Arolsen  (the  capital),  in  Waldeck,  and  Pyrmont.  By  a 
treaty  concluded  with  Prussia  in  1867,  the  administration 
of  the  principality  was  transferred  to  that  kingdom. 

Wal'degrave  Island,  South  Australia,  on  the  S.  side 
of  Anxious  Bay,  Eyre  Land,  and  N.E.  of  Flinders  Island. 
Lat.  33°  36'  S.;  Ion.  1,34°  37'  E. 

WaI'demar,  a  post-village  in  Wellington  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  Toronto,  Grey  &  Bruce  Railway,  58i  miles  W.N.AV. 
of  Toronto.     It  has  a  hotel,  a  store,  and  an  ashery. 

VValden,  wil'den,  a  post-village  of  Bibb  co.,  Oa.,  on  » 
railroad.     It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy. 

Walden,  a  station  in  Cedar  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Iowa  du 
vision  of  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad  (Tipton 
Branch),  4  miles  N.  of  Tipton. 

Waldcn,  a  post-office  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa,  about  20 
miles  N.E.  of  Ottumwa. 

Walden,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Mont- 
gomery township,  on  the  Wallkill  River  and  the  Wallkill 
Valley  Branch  of  the  Eric  Railroad,  74  miles  N.  by  AV.  of 
New  York,  and  11  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Newburg.  It  con- 
tains 3  churches,  a  bank,  u  newspaper  office,  a  foundry,  a 
woollen-mill,  and  manufactures  of  engines  and  knives. 
Pop.  in  1870,  1254;  in  188U,  1804;  in  1890,  2132. 

Walden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  in  AVal  ■ 
den  township,  on  the  Portland  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  33 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Hyde  Park,  and  about  25  miles  N.E.  of 
Montpelier.     Pop.  of  the  township,  992. 

Waldenbuch,  ■^3,ld'§n-booK\  a  town  of  WUrtomberg, 
10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1895. 

Waidenburg,  ♦Ald'^n-bSSna^  a  town  of  Prussian  Si- 
lesia, 43  miles  S.W.  of  Breslau,  on  the  Polsnitz.  Pop.  1 1,307. 
It  has  manufactures  of  linens  and  porcelain.  Near  it  are 
extensive  coal-mines. 

Waldenburg,  a  town  of  Saxony,  on  the  Mulde,  14 
miles  W.  of  Chemnitz.  Pop.  5358.  It  is  enclosed  by  walla, 
and  has  a  fine  castle. 

Waldenburg,  a  town  of  WUrtemberg,  28  miles  N.W. 
of  Ellwangen.     Pop.  1324. 

Waldenburg,  *ild'en-b5org\  a  town  of  Switzerland, 
canton  of  Basel,  6i  miles  S.  of  Liesthal.     Pop.  866. 

Waldenburg,  w5.1'd§n-biirg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Macomb 
CO.,  Mich.,  5  miles  N.W,  of  Mount  Clemens. 

Walden- Saffron.    See  Sapfron-Walden. 

Walden's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Sevier  co.,  Tcnn. 

Waldenses,  w61-d5n's6z,  a  people  inhabiting  a  seques- 
tered district  of  Piedmont,  called  the  Four  Valleys.  They 
are  remarkable  for  having  been  the  first  community  in  tho 
West  of  Europe  that  separated  from  the  church  of  Rome, 
and  for  the  great  persecutions  and  hardships  which  they 
have  suffered.  They  still  exist  as  a  distinct  people,  in- 
habiting three  of  the  Four  Valleys,  namelj',  Perosa,  Lu- 
cerna,  and  San  Martino;  Agogna  no  longer  belonging  to 
them.  The  district  of  the  Waldenses  is  situated  on  the 
French  frontier,  about  30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Saluzzo.  Length, 
about  20  miles  ;  breadth,  10  miles. 

WaI'den's  Ridge,  in  the  S.  part  of  East  Tennessee, 
is  a  steep  sandstone  ridge  between  the  Tennessee  River 
and  the  long,  narrow  Sequatchie  Valley,  which  separates  it 
from  the  Cumberland  Mountain.    Coal  is  found  in  this  ridge. 

Waldheim,  ^ilt'hlme,  a  town  of  Saxony,  33  miles 
S.E.  of  Leipsic.  Pop.  6712.  It  has  manufactures  of  linen 
and  woollen  stuffs,  fustian,  tobacco,  Ac. 

Walditz,^3,rdits,  Gross,  groce,  and  Klein,  kline,  two 
nearly  contiguous  villages  of  Prussia,  province  of  Silesia, 
government  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  1545. 

Waldkappel,  or  Waldcappel,  Mlt'kSp'pel.a  town 
of  Germany,  llesse-Cassel,  20  miles  S.E.  of  Cassel.     P.  1030. 

Waldkirch,  ^ilt'keenK,  a  walled  town  of  Baden,  on 
the  Eltz,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Freiburg.     Pop.  3098. 

Waldkirch,  ^ilt'kSeRK,  a  village  and  parish  of  Swit- 
zerland, canton  and  AV.  of  St.  Gall.     Pop.  2634. 

Waldkirchen,  wilt'kccRK'en,  a  village  of  Lower  Ba- 
varia, 13  miles  N.  of  Passau.     Pop.  1269. 

Waldkirchen,  a  village  of  Saxony,  7  miles  S.E.  of 
Chemnitz.     Pop.  1543. 

Waldinichaelbach,  <^llt'miK'i-9l-blK\  a  village  ot 
Hesse,  23  miles  S.S.E.  of  Darmstadt.     Pop.  2167. 

Waldmohr,  Mlt'moR,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Bavaria, 
on  tho  Glan,  11  miles  N.  of  Deux-Ponts,     Pop.  1092. 

Waldmiinchen,  ^ilt'mUnK^^n,  a  town  of  Bavaria, 
circle  of  Upper  Palatinate,  on  the  Schwarzach,  38  miles 
N.E.  of  Ratisbon.  Pop.  2621.  It  has  manufactures  of 
linens  and  glass,  with  a  trade  in  flax  and  yarn. 

Waldniel,<vilt'neel,  orBurg\valdniel,b55RG-<tait'- 
neel,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  government  and  W,  of 
Dusseldorf,     Pop.  1300. 


WAL 


2750 


WAL 


Wal'do,  A  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Maine,  ha«  an  area 
of  about  8UU  squnro  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  tlio  £.  by  the 
Ponobscot  Kivor,  on  the  S.E.  by  Penobscot  Hay  (part  of 
which  is  called  Belfast  Bay),  and  on  the  N.W.  by  the  So- 
boaticook  Uivor.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests  of  the  beech,  elm,  birch,  ash, 
sugar-maple,  oak,  Ac.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Hay, 
butter,  potatoes,  cattle,  oats,  and  wool  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Many  of  the  inhabitants  are  employed  in  ship- 
building, trade,  and  navigation,  for  which  Penobscot  Bay 
and  Kirer  afibrd  great  facilities.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Maine  Central  Railroad  (Belfast  division). 
Capital,  Belfast.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate, 
$17,471,527.  Pop.  in  1870,  34,522,  of  whom  33,887  were 
Americans;  in  1880,  32,463. 

Waldo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Talladega  co.,  Ala.,  6i  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Talladega.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

Waldo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alachua  co.,  Fla.,  on  the  At- 
lantic, Gulf  &  West  India  Transit  Kailroad,  14  miles  N.E. 
of  Gainesville.     It  has  a  church. 

Waldo,  a  township  of  Livingston  co.,  111.     Pop.  1051. 

Waldo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  in  a  township 
of  the  same  name,  on  a  branch  of  the  Maine  Central  Rail- 
road, 7  miles  N.W.  of  Belfast.     Pop.  of  the  township,  648. 

Waldo,  Webster  co.,  Mo.    See  Bloomington. 

Waldo,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  0.,  in  Waldo  town- 
ship, on  the  Whetstone  River,  about  13  miles  N.  of  Dela- 
ware, and  10  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Marion.  Pop.  247 ;  of  the 
township,  1029. 

Waldo,  a  post-village  of  Josephine  co.,  Oregon,  about 
50  miles  W.S.W.  of  Jacksonville.  It  has  a  church,  several 
stores,  and  2  saw-mills.     Copper  is  found  here. 

Waldo,  a  post-village  of  Sheboygan  co.,  Wis.,  in  Lyn- 
don township,  on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  49  miles 
N.  of  Milwaukee.  It  has  an  elevator,  3  stores,  and  2  hotels. 
Pop.  125. 

Waldoborongh,  w6I'do-bHr-ruh,  a  post-town  and  port 
of  entry  of  Lincoln  co..  Me.,  in  Waldoborough  township, 
on  Muscongus  Bay,  at  the  mouth  of  Muscongus  River,  about 
15  miles  from  the  ocean.  It  is  on  the  Kno.x  &  Lincoln 
Railroad,  19  miles  W.  of  Rockland,  and  19  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Wiscasset.  It  is  the  most  populous  town  in  the  county,  and 
contains  a  custom-house,  2  national  banks,  50  stores,  a  hotel 
called  the  Medomac  House,  a  newspaper  office,  and  3 
churches.  It  is  mainly  supported  by  ship-building  and  the 
coast-trade,  and  is  noted  for  well-constructed  ships.  The 
surface  of  the  township  is  diversified  by  high  iiills  and 
deep  valleys.  It  was  settled  by  a  German  colony  in  1749. 
Pop.  of  village  in  1880,  71.i;  of  township,  3758. 

Waldo  Station,  a  post-office  of  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  on  the 
Maine  Central  Railroad. 

Waldron,  wil'drpn,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Scott  co.. 
Ark.,  on  the  Poteau  River,  about  40  miles  S.S.E.  of  Fort 
Smith.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  court-house,  2  hotels, 
2  churches,  and  3  steam  grist-mills.     Pop.  300. 

Waldron,  a  post-village  of  Kankakee  co..  111.,  in 
Aroma  township,  on  the  Kankakee  River,  and  on  the  Cin- 
cinnati, Lafayette  &  Chicago  Railroad,  4i  miles  S.E.  of 
Kankakee  City.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  a  paper- 
mill,  and  a  large  ice-house.    Pop.  400. 

Waldron,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.,  in  Liberty 
township,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  &  Lafayette  Rail- 
road, 7  miles  S.E.  of  Shelbyville.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
graded  school,  and  a  wagon-shop.    Pop.  600. 

Waldron,  a  post-office  of  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich. 

Waldron,  a  post-hamlet  of  Platte  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Platte  River,  near  its  mouth,  and  on  the  Kansas  City,  St. 
Joseph  &  Council  Bluffs  Railroad,  16J  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Kansas  City.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Waldron,  a  post-office  of  Wasco  co.,  Oregon. 

Waldron's  Cove,  a  fishing  hamlet  in  the  district 
of  Twillingate  and  Fogo,  Newfoundland,  24  miles  from 
Twillingate.     Pop.  80. 

Waldsassen,  -frilt'sis's^n,  a  market-town  of  Bavaria, 
circle  of  Upper  Palatinate,  on  the  Egcr,  32  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Baireuth.     Pop.  2058. 

Waldsee,  *ilt's4\  a  village  of  Bavaria,  Palatinate, 
circle  and  6  miles  N.  of  Speyer.     Pop.  1586. 

Waldsee,  a  town  of  AViirtemberg,  circle  of  Danube,  32 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Ulm.  Pop.  2430.  It  has  a  church  resorted 
to  in  pilgrimage,  and  a  castle  of  the  princes  of  Waldburg. 

Waldshut,  ^ilt'shoot',  a  walled  town  of  Baden,  circle 
of  Upper  Rhine,  on  the  Rhine,  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Schaff- 
bausen.     Pop.  2347. 

Waldstiidter-See.    See  Lake  of  Lucerne. 

Waldstatt,  -frllt'stitt,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
ud  4  miles  W.N.W.  of  Appenzell.    Pop.  1052. 


Waldstatter,  Dik  Vier,  dee  fcon  *4li>t4t'tor  ('•tb« 
four  forest  towns  or  cantons"),  a  name  nnoiontly  nn.l  iiiil 
sometimes  given  to  the  four  Swiss  cantons  Uri  Sdiwyi. 
Untorwalden,  and  Lucerne,— probably  from  the  exlen.iTe 
forests  with  which  they  wore  once  covered. 

WaldUrn,  *4l'dUun,  a  town  of  Baden,  circle  of  Loref 
Rhine,  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  WUrzburg.  Pop.  3163.  It  bni 
a  church,  resorted  to  in  pilgrimage,  a  castle,  a  conrent.  adJ 
8  annual  fairs. 

Wald'wick,  a  post-township  of  Iowa  co.,  Wii.,  aboul 
38  miles  W.S.W.  of  Madison.  It  has  valuable  lend-niiDei 
Pop.  914. 

Waleni,  or  Valeni,  v4-li'neo,  a  small  town  of  Wnlla. 
chia,  50  miles  N.  of  Bucharest.     Near  it  are  bedn  of  salt 

Wales,  wailz  (Welsh,  Ci/mry,  kjm'ree;  Fr.  GitlU;glL\\ 
or  Paij»  den  Gallet,  pi'e  dA  gill;  Sp.  Gale;  gi'lAt;  L 
Cam'bria,  or  Waltia  ;  anc.  liriUxWuia  Secun'dn),  a  nri'nd 
pality  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Great  Britain,  giving  the  litli 
of  Prince  of  Wales  to  the  hcir-apparcnt  of  the  Urititl 
crown ;  having  E.  the  Engliiih  counties  of  Chester,  Salop 
Hereford,  and  Monmouth,  and  on  other  sides  the  Brin'i 
and  St.  George's  Channels  and  the  Irish  Sea.  The  arei 
population,  and  subdivisions  are  as  follows: 


Counties. 


Anglesey 

Brt'con _., 

Cardigan 

Curiuartlieu... 

Carnarvon 

Denbigh 

Flint 

Glamorgan.... 
MeriouetU .... 
Montgomery.. 

Pembroke 

Uaduor 


%^%!°  Pop.  In  1891.      County  towns. 


302 
719 
C03 
047 
677 
613 
204 
855 
602 
758 
615 
432 


Total 7,377    1,518,014 


60,079 

Beaiimikri*. 

67,(al 

Brecon. 

62,ft!»6 

OrillgHn. 

13U,f.74 

CHrtnuiHien. 

118,2'25 

Canmrvou. 

117,950 

Denbigh. 

77,180 

Mold. 

687,147 

CardllT. 

49, 204 

Dol-clly. 

68,003 

M()ntj,'omerj. 

8»,1i!5 

Pendiroke. 

21,701 

New  Iladuor. 

Of  the  above  counties,  Anglesey,  Carnarvon,  Dcnbig, 
Flint,  Merioneth,  and  Montgomery  compose  North  Wulel 
while  South  Wales  consists  of  the  counties  of  Brecon,  C» 
digan,  Carmarthen,  Glamorgan,  Radnor,  and  Peiiibrolt 
Except  the  island  Anglesey,  which  has  a  level  or  und 
lating  surface,  nearly  all  of  Wales,  especially  its  nortb  hi 
is  mountainous,  many  of  its  summits  rising  to  from 
to  3500  feet.    Chief  rivers,  the  Severn,  Wye,  Usk,  Ton 
Teify,  Dovy,  Conway,  Clwj'd,  and  Dee,  the  vales  of  soi 
of  which  are  very  fertile.     Its  lakes  are  insignificant; 
principal  inlets  are  on  the  W.  coast,  Carnarvon  and  Ci 
digan  Bays,  St.  Bride's  Bay,  and  Milford  Haven;  on  t 
S.  Carmarthen  and  Swansea  Bays,  separated  by  the  peni 
sula  of  Gowcr  ;  and  on  the  N.  the  estuary  of  the  Dee,  a 
the  harbors  of  Beaumaris  and  Holyhead.     Principal  hci 
lands.  Great  Ormes  Head,  Briaeo-y-Pwll,  and  St.  Davi 
Head.   Agriculture  is  backward.    Mining  industry  is  hi;.': 
important.     Iron,  copj)cr,  lead,  silver,  sliite,  limestone,  n 
in  the  S.  large  quantities  of  coal  are  mined,  which  is ' 
tensively  exported  and  used  on  the  spot  for  smelting  1 
British  and  foreign  ores.     The  principal  iron-works  im 
and  around  Merthyr-Tydvil,  Tredegar,  Aberdnre,  and  i 
abon ;  at  Swansea  largo  quantities  of  American  and  <it 
copper  ores  are  reduced.     Manufactures  of  woollen  fabi 
especially  of  flannel  and  hosiery,  are  very  generally  purs: 
in  the  cottages  of  the  peasantry,  particularly  in  No 
Wales,  where  Welshpool  is  the  chief  mart  for  these  \it 
ucts.      The    cotton-manufacture    has  extended  into  f 
of  the  N.  counties,  where  also  many  hands  are  einpl". 
in  woollen-,  flax-,  and  silk-factories.     There  is  a  uianul 
tory  of  slate  articles  at  Bangor.     Trade  principally  in   i 
export  of  mineral  produce,  cattle,  and  woollen  goods.    Pi  • 
cipal  ports,  Swansea,   Newport,  Cardiff,   Ciirnarvon,  ii 
Beaumaris;    besides  which,   Holyhead  is  a  chief  pad- 
station  for  communication  with  Ireland,  and  Milford  : ' 
naval  port  and  the  seat  of  a  government  dock-yard.  R  • 
way  communication  extends  in  the  N.  from  Chester  to  II  • 
head,  and  S.  to  Merthyr-Tydvil,  and  in  the  S.  from  Car 
to  Haverford-West.     Wales  is  in  the  ecclesiastical  prov  e 
of  Canterbury,  and  is  divided  into  the  four  bishopric: 
Llandaff,  St.  David's,  Bangor,  and  St.  Asaph.    It  cont  » 
13  boroughs,  besides  contributory  boroughs,  each  of  wli 
sends  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons,  as  docs  i  ij 
of  its  counties.     Wales  is  still  inhabited  by  the  aborig' 
Celtic  race,  who  speak  a  dialect  of  the  Celtic  langi  » 
called  the  British  or  Cambrian.     The  country  was  cnii  'i 
Britannia  Secwida  by  the  Romans,  who  constructed  n  / 


WAL 


2751 


WAL 


}ad8  and  stations  in  the  country.  Memorials  of  its  past 
(Story  abound,  in  the  form  of  cromlechs,  camps,  abbeys, 
Istles,  &o.  It  maintained  a  successful  struggle  against  the 
txons,  and  was  not  wholly  subdued  by  the  Normans  until 
|f84,  since  which  era  the  heir-apparent  of  the  English 

[rone  has  always  held  the  title  of  Prince  of  Wales. Adj. 

fELSH ;  inhab.  Welshman.    See  Great  Britain. 
Wales,  Ogle  CO.,  111.    See  Lightsville. 
Wales,  wailz,  a  post-township  of  Androscoggin  co.,  Me., 
lOut  10  miles  N.E.  of  Lewiston.     It  is  partly  bounded  on 
e  W.  by  Sabattus  Pond,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Maine 
sntral  Railroad.     Pop.  556. 

Wales,  a  post-village  in  Wales  township,  Hampden 
.,  Mass.,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Monson  Station,  and  about  22 
lies  E.  by  S.  of  Springfield.  I^  has  2  churches,  a  savings- 
Ink,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  goods.  Pop.  of  the 
Wnship,  1020, 

IWales,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wales  township,  St.  Clair  co.. 
Boh.,  about  4i  miles  N.N.E.  of  Detroit.  It  has  2  churches, 
ip.  of  the  township,  1516. 

[Wales,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wales  township,  Erie  co., 
JY.,  on  Buffalo  Creek,  about  24  miles  E.S.E.  of  Buffalo. 
I  has  1  or  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill.  The  township  is 
iersected  by  the  Buffalo,  New  York  &  Philadelphia  Rail- 
ad,  and  contains  Wales  Centre  and  South  Wales,  at  the 
iter  of  which  is  Wales  Station.  Pop.  of  township,  1439. 
fWales,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gallia  co.,  0.,  about  15  miles 
I  of  Gallipolis.  It  has  2  churches. 
[Wales,  a  post-hamlet  of  San  Pete  co.,  Utah,  on  the  San 
|te  River,  about  40  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Y'ork.  It  has  a 
iircb. 

|Wales,  or  Dick'inson's  Landing  Station,  a 
list-village  in  Stormont  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  Grand  Trunk 
.^ilway  77  miles  W.  of  Montreal.  It  contains  2  hotels 
id  3  stores.     Pop.  100. 

wValesborough,  Indiana.    See  WAiLESBonouGH. 
Walesca,  wol-es'ki,  a  post-village  of  Cherokee  co., 
<[..,  about  45  miles  N.  of  Atlanta.     It  has  an  academy  and 
Jihurches. 

Wales  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Wales  township,  Erie 
«!,  N.Y.,  on  Buffalo  Creek,  about  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Buf- 
Ib.     It  has  2  churcl)es,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  stores. 
Wales  Station,  a  post-hamlct  of  Giles  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
m  Nashville  &,  Decatur  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Pulaski. 
JtValesville,  wailz'vii,   a  post-hamlct  of  Oneida  co., 
W;  8  miles  W.  by  N.  of  TJtica.     It  has  a  church,  and  a 
]lner-mill  on  Oriskany  Creek.     Pop.  115. 
kValet,  wiMfit',  a  town  of  Central  Africa,  260  miles 
■'  S.W.  of  Timbuctoo. 

^alfish,  Walfisch  (wftl'fish),  or  Walvisch,  wil'- 
•«h  (i.e.,  "  Whale")  Bay,  a  harbor  of  South  Africa,  extend- 
ij;  along  its  W.  coast  for  20  miles,  terminated  southward 
b  Pelican  Point,  in  lat.  22°  52'  6"  S.,lon.  14°  27'  E.,  and 
ffmerly  frequented  by  whaling-vessels  (whence  its  name). 
Walliain,  w&l'lain,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kewaunee  co., 
■^s.,  on  the  Kewaunee  River,  about  17  miles  E.N.E.  of 
t»  town  of  Green  Bay. 

Walhain-Saint-Paul-Sartlez-Walhain,  vlP- 

l|j»'  sks'  pol  santMi'  vS.rh&N<>',  a   village   of    Belgium, 

vince  of  Brabant,  on  the  Nil,  22  miles  S.E.  of  Brussels. 

1772. 

'Valhalla,  wol-hal'la,  a  post-village  of  Pembina  co., 
">.,  on  Pembina  River,  27  miles  W.  of  St.  Vincent,  Minn, 
as  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

I'^alhalla,  a  post- village,  summer  resort,  and  capital 
riOconee  co.,  S.C.,  in  Wagoner  township,  on  the  Blue 
^ge  Railroad,  33  miles  N.W.  of  Anderson,  and  about  5 
tjles  from  the  Blue  Ridge.  It  contains  a  national  bank,  a 
Wspaper  office,  and  5  churches.  Pop.  716. 
IkValhonding,  wol-hon'ding,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coshoc- 
tj  CO.,  0.,  in  New  Castle  township,  21  miles  E.  of  Mount 
Vnon.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

I^Valhonding  River,  Ohio.    See  Mohican  River. 
^Valincourt,  viMisa'kooR',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Ird,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Cambrai.     Pop.  2526. 
I^Valk'chalk,  a  post-office  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa. 
jtValkenried,  <^il'k§n-reet\  a  market-town  of  Bruns- 
vjik,  district  and  20  miles  S.W.  of  Blankenburg,  on  the 
Aleda,  with  an  ancient  abbey.     Pop.  825. 
^Valker,  waw'k^r,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Ala- 
I'na,  has  an  area  of  about  950  souare  miles.     It  is  drained 
kjthe  Mulberry  and  Black  Water  Rivers  and  Lost  Creek. 
l|e  BInck  Warrior  River  touches  the  S.  part  of  the  county. 
^;e  surface  is  diversified  by  high  hills,  fertile  valleys,  and 
ejensive  forests  of  the  oak,  hickory,  pine,  and  other  trees. 
(Iton,  Indian  corn,  and   pork  are    the  staple  products. 
Aong  its  minerals  is  bituminous  ooal.    Capital,  Jasper. 


Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $725,128.     Pop.  1o 
1870,  6543,  of  whom  6536  were  Americans;  in  1880,  9479. 

Walker,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Georgia,  border- 
ing on  Alabama  and  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of  about  600 
square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Chickamauga,  Chat- 
tooga, and  Little  Rivers,  which  rise  in  it.  The  surface  is 
mountainous,  is  mostly  covered  with  forests,  and  presents 
beautiful  and  picturesque  scenery.  The  Missionary  Ridge, 
noted  as  a  battle-field,  e.xtends  along  the  N.W.  border  of 
this  county.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  Wheat,  In 
dian  corn,  pork,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Among 
its  minerals  are  gypsum  and  limestone.  White's  "Statis- 
tics of  Georgia"  states  that  marble  and  lead  are  found 
here.  Capital,  Lafayette.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal 
estate,  $1,997,643.  Pop.  in  1870,  9925,  of  whom  9881  were 
Americans;  in  1880,  11,056. 

Walker,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area 
of  about  700  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by 
the  Trinity  River,  and  is  drained  by  the  San  Jacinto  River, 
which  rises  in  it.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests  of  the  live-oak,  ash,  pecan, 
walnut,  cypress,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cot- 
ton, cattle,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  International  <fe  Great 
Northern  Railroad.  Capital,  Huntsville.  Valuation  of  real 
and  personal  estate,  $1,452,380.  Pop.  in  1870,  9776,  of 
whom  9524  were  Americans;  in  1880,  12,024. 

Walker,  a  post-office  of  Sacramento  co.,  Cal. 

Walker,  a  township  of  Hancock  co..  111.     Pop.  1474. 

Walker,  a  township  of  Jasper  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  281 

Walker,  a  township  of  Rush  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1081. 

Walker,  a  post-hamlet  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Bur- 
lington, Cedar  Rapids  <fe  Northern  Railroad,  25  miles  N.  of 
Cedar  Rapids.     It  has  a  church. 

Walker,  a  township  of  Anderson  co.,  Kansas.     P.  891. 

Walker,  a  post-hamlet  in  Walker  township,  Ellis  co., 
Kansas,  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  15  miles  E.  of 
Hays  City.     A  colony  settled  here  in  1872. 

Walker,  a  township  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1884. 

Walker,  a  township  of  Moniteau  co..  Mo.     Pop.  3492. 

Walker,  a  post-village  of  Vernon  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Mis- 
souri, Kansas  <fc  Texas  Railroad,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Nevada. 

Walker,  Centre  co..  Pa.    See  Jacksonville. 

Walker,  a  township  of  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.  Pop.  978. 

Walker,  a  township  of  Juniata  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1608. 

Walker,  a  station  in  Fort  Bend  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Gal- 
veston, Ilarrisburg  &  San  Antonio  Railroad,  6i  miles  E.  of 
Richmond. 

Walker,  a  post-hamlct  of  AVood  co.,  AV.  Va.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  15  miles  E.S.E.  of  Parkers- 
burg.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  2  stores. 

Walker  Lake,  Esmeralda  co.,  Nev.,  is  nearly  28  miles 
long,  and  about  10  miles  wide.  It  is  supplied  with  water 
by  Walker  River,  and  has  no  outlet. 

Walker  River  rises  in  the  Sierra  Nevada,  in  Mono  co., 
Cal.,  and  passes  into  the  state  of  Nevada.  It  runs  north- 
ward through  Esmcr.alda  co.,  and  irrigates  part  of  Lyon  co. 
It  finally  flows  southeastward,  and  enters  the  N.  end  of 
Walker  Lake. 

Walker  River,  a  post-office  of  Douglas  co.,  Nov.,  45 
miles  from  Carson  City. 

Walker's  Creek,  Virginia,  rises  in  Bland  co.,  runs 
northeastward,  and  enters  New  River  in  Giles  co.,  about  5 
miles  E.  of  Pearisburg. 

Walker's  Ford,  a  post-office  of  Amherst  co.,  Va.,  on 
James  River. 

Walker's  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Decatur  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Tennessee  River,  20  miles  S.  of  Camden. 

Walker's  Alills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Pan-Handle  Railroad,  1 1  miles  W.S.W.  of  Pittsburg. 
It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Walker's  Mountain,  Virginia,  a  long  ridge  which  is 
a  few  miles  N.W.  of  the  Blue  Ridge  and  nearly  parallel  to 
the  same.  It  extends  from  the  vicinity  of  New  Castle,  Craig 
CO.,  nearly  to  Abingdon. 

Walker's  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-office  of  Stevens 
CO.,  Washington. 

Walker  Station,  a  post-office  of  Dougherty  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  Southwestern  Railroad,  10^  miles  S.W.  of  Albany. 

Walker  Station,  a  post-village  of  Red  River  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Clarksville. 
It  has  2  churches  and  4  stores. 

Walkerstown,  waw'k?rs-t3wn,  a  post-hamlet  of  For- 
syth CO.,  N.C.,  about  22  miles  W.N.W.  of  Grecnsborough. 
It  has  a  church. 

Walkersville,  waw'k^rs-vil,  a  post-h.amlet  of  Fred- 
erick CO.,  Md.,  about  7  miles  N.E.  of  Frederick  City. . 


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>VaIker8ville«  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  oo.,  N.C.,  about 
36  miles  S.S.E.  of  Charlotte, 

Walkersvillc,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  W.  Ya.,  41 
miles  S.  of  Clurksburg. 

Walkerton*  waw'k^r-tpn,  a  post-village  of  SL  Joseph 
CO.,  Ind.,  in  Linooln  township,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Peru  A 
Chicago  Ilailroad  where  it  crosses  the  Bnltiuiore  &  Ohio 
Railroad,  16  miles  S.E.  of  La  Porte,  and  72  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Chicago.  It  has  a  money-order  post-office,  a  newspaper 
office,  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  planing-mill,  ifco.  Pop. 
about  800. 

VValkerton,  a  post-hamlet  of  King  and  Queen  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Mattapony  Hiver,  30  miles  N.£.  of  llichmond.  It 
has  a  flouring-mill. 

WalkertoD)  waw'k^r-tpn,  a  post-village  of  Ontario, 
capital  of  the  co.  of  Bruce,  on  the  Saugeen  Kiver,  and  on 
the  Wellington,  Grey  &  Bruce  Railroad,  65  miles  N.W.  of 
Quolph.  It  has  extensive  water-power,  a  branch  bank,  3 
printing-offices,  6  hotels,  4  churches,  an  iron-foundry,  sev- 
eral mills,  and  about  25  stores.     Pop.  1200, 

Walker  Vallev*  a  post-bamlot  of  Ulster  oo,,  N,Y.,  5 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Pine  Bush  Station.  It  has  a  church,  a 
saw-mill,  and  a  wagon-shop. 

>Valkerville«  waw'k^r-vll,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co., 
111.,  in  Walkerville  township,  about  32  miles  S.W.  of  Jack- 
sonville. The  township  is  bounded  W.  by  the  Illinois  River. 
Pop.  800. 

Walkerville^  a  post-office  of  Page  co.,  Iowa,  12  miles 
S.  of  Shenandoah  Station. 

Walkerville,  a  post-village  and  mining-camp  of  Silver 
Bow  CO.,  Montana,  13  miles  from  Butte  City.  Here  are 
Bilver-mines.     Pop.  in  ISSO,  444. 

Walkerville,  a  post-village  in  Essex  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Detroit  River,  2  miles  from  Windsor.  It  contains  a 
distillery,  and  several  stores  and  ship-yards.     Pop.  200. 

Waiki,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Valki. 

Walkriugen,  ^ilk'ring-^n,  a  village  and  parish  of 
Switzerland,  canton  and  8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bern.     P.  2045. 

Wall,  a  township  of  Ford  co..  111.     Pop.  588. 

Wall,  a  township  of  Monmouth  co.,  N.J.     Pop.  3829. 

Wall,  a  station  and  hamlet  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  14i  miles  E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Wal'labout  Bay,  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  is  a  bight  of  the 
East  River,  of  a  semicircular  form,  and  partly  enclosed  by 
an  island.     Here  is  a  navy-yard  of  the  United  States. 

Wal'laby  Islands,  two  small  islands  of  the  Abrolhos 
group,  off  the  S.W.  coast  of  Australia. 

Wal'lace,  a  county  in  the  extreme  W.  part  of  Kan- 
sas, borders  on  Colorado.  It  is  drained  by  the  Smoky 
Hill  River  and  its  branches.  The  surface  is  nearly  level. 
The  soil  produces  natural  pasture,  but  is  uncultivated. 
This  county  is  a  part  of  the  Great  Plains,  and  is  nearly 
destitute  of  timber.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Kansas  Pacific 
Railroad.  Capital,  Wallace.  Pop.  in  1870,  538,  of  whom 
321  were  Americans;  in  1880,  686. 

Wallace,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  oo,,  111.,  is  at  the 
village  of  Fielding. 

Wallace,  a  township  of  La  Salle  co..  111.     Pop.  734. 

Wallace,  Fountain  co.,  Ind.    See  Jacksonvillk. 

Wallace,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wallace  co.,  Kan- 
sas, on  the  Smoky  Hill  River,  and  on  the  Kansas  Pacific 
Railroad,  282  miles  W.  of  Junction  City. 

Wallace,  a  post-hamlet  of  Buchanan  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  16  miles  £.  of 
Winthrop. 

Wallace,  a  post-village  in  Avoca  township,  Steuben 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Conhocton  River,  and  on  the  Rochester 
division  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Bath.  It 
bns  2  saw-mills. 

Wallace,  a  post-office  of  Taos  co..  New  Mexico. 

Wallace,  Duplin  co.,  N.C.    See  Duplin  Roads. 

Wallace,  a  post-township  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  about  14 
miles  N.W.  of  West  Chester.     Pop.  746. 

Wallace,  a  post-office  of  Uvalde  oo.,  Tex.,  110  miles 
W.  of  San  Antonio. 

Wallace,  a  hamlet  of  Harrison  co.,  W.  Va.,  13  miles 
N.W.  of  Clarksburg. 

Wallace,  Washington.    See  Freeport. 

Wallace  (formerly  Fred'ericktown),  a  seaport 
town  of  Nova  Scotia,  co.  of  Cumberland,  on  Northumber- 
land Strait,  16  miles  from  Wentworth,  and  20  miles  from 
Thomson.  It  contains  4  churches,  about  15  stores,  a  tan- 
nery, a  saw-mill,  and  a  boot-  and  shoe-factory.  In  the 
vicinity  are  extensive  quarries  of  limestone  and  gypsum, 
ghip-building  is  carried  on.     Pop.  400. 

Wallace,  a  county  of  New  South  Wales,  bordering 
Victoria  Colony,  and  surrounded  by  the  cos.  of  Wellesley, 


Beresford,  Cowley,  and  Bucoleugh.  The  surface  it  moun 
tainous,  covered  by  the  Australian  Alps,  and  watered  b 
bead-.streams  of  the  Murray. 

Wallace  Bridge,  a  post-village  in  Cumberland  oo 
Nova  Scotia,  li  miles  from  Wallace.     Pop.  laO. 

Wal'laceburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  llcmitstead  co  Ark 
about  40  miles  W.S.W,  of  Arkadelphia.  It  has  a  ohurct 
and  an  academy. 

Wallaceburg,  a  post-village  and  port  of  entry  in 
Kent  CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  river  Sydenham,  17  miles  N.W.  of 
Chatham.  It  contains  2  churches,  7  hotels,  about  a  Ucien 
stores,  a  tannery,  a  saw-mill,  and  2  grist-mills.    Pop.  tuu 

Wallace  Prairie,  pr&'rce,  jMJSt-offioe,  (irimcs  oo.  Tex 

Wallace  Bidge,  a  post-village  in  Cumberland  co 
Nova  Scotia,  5  miles  from  ^Vallace.     Pop,  150.  "* 

Wallace  Biver,  a  post-village  in  Cumberland  co. 
Nova  Scotia,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  19J  miles  from 
Londonderry.     It  contains  3  stores  and  2  saw-uiillf. 

Wallace  Bun,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne 
&,  Chicago  Railroad,  7J  miles  N.  of  Rochester,  Pa. 

Wallace's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  oo.,  Va. 

Wallace's  Switch,  post-office,  Washington  co..  Vs. 

Wal'laceton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Tyrone  A  Clearfield  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W,  of  Phil- 
lipsburg.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  lumber-mill, 

Wal'lacetown,  a  post-village  in  Elgin  oo.,  Ontario  I 
18  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Thomas  West.  It  has  7  stores,  a  ohcenc!  | 
factory,  planing-mill,  and  saw-  and  grist-mills.    Pop.  400. 

Wal'laceville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Dearborn  township,  about  15  miles  W.  of  Detroit.  It  hu 
a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Wallaceville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Venango  co.,  Pa.,  10 
miles  S.W.  of  Titusville.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill, and 
manufactures  of  oil-barrels. 

Wallachia,  orWalachia,  w6l-li'ke-a  (Ger,  Walachei, 
♦i-li-Ki' ;  Fr,  Valachie,  or  Valaquie,  vlL'Wkce' ;  Sp.  Ka/«. 
guia,  v&-l&-kee'&  ;  L.  Vala'chia,  or  IFa/a'cAia),  one  of  the 
former  Danubian  principalities  of  Europe,  now  a  part  of 
Roumania,  between  lat.  43°  40'  and  45°  40'  N.,  and  ex- 
tending from  about  Ion.  22°  30'  to  the  Black  Sea.  It  is 
bounded  N.  and  N.W.  partly  by  the  Carpathians  (which 
separate  it  from  Transylvania  and  the  Banat  of  Hungary) 
and  partly  by  Moldavia  and  Russia  ;  W.  and  S.  by  Senia 
and  Bulgaria,  from  which  it  is  principally  separated  by  the 
Danube  ;  and  E.  by  the  Black  Sea.  Area,  about  31,0U0 
square  miles.  Its  surface  may  be  regarded  as  a  vast  in- 
clined plane,  sloping  from  the  Carpathians  towards  the 
Danube.  Among  the  mountains  of  the  N.  and  W.  tho 
elevation  averages  from  3000  to  4000  feet,  but  rises  in  par- 
ticular summits  to  7000  feet,  and  in  Mount  Buthest  exceeds 
8000  feet ;  but  this  elevation  is  soon  succeeded  by  a  region 
of  hills  and  undulating  plains,  which  finally  merge  into 
extensive  flats,  often  swampy.  Wallachia  has  valuable 
mines  of  rock  salt,  and  abundance  of  petroleum  and  as- 
phaltum.  Copper,  gold,  iron,  silver,  lead,  sulphur,  and 
marble  are  also  found  here,  but  they  have  not  been  devel- 
oped to  much  extent.  The  drainage  belongs  to  the  basin 
of  the  Danube,  which  receives  on  its  left  bank  numerous 
affluents,  among  which  are  the  Schyl,  Aloota,  united  Vode 
and  Teliorman,  Arjish,  Jalomnitza,  and  Sereth. 

The  climate  in  the  mountainous  districts  is  severe,  but 
the  soil  is  fertile.  With  very  imperfect  culture,  wheat, 
barley,  and  maize  are  everywhere  raised  in  abundance, 
Tobiicco,  hops,  and  flax  are  also  extensively  grown;  the 
vine  thrives  well,  and  there  is  a  profusion  of  all  the  ordi- 
nary fruits.  Cattle,  sheep,  and  goats  are  reared  in  vast 
numbers.  The  manufactures  are  insignificant.  The  in- 
habitants are  chiefly  pure  Wallachians,  who  are  believed  to 
have  descended  without  much  intermixture  from  the  an- 
cient Dacians.     They  mostly  belong  to  the  Greek  church. 

Chief  town,  Bucharest.    Pop.  about  4,000,000. Adj.  and 

inhab.  Wallachiax,  w61-l4'ke-an,  and  Wai.lach,  wftl'- 
liK  (Fr.  Valaque,  viMlk';  Ger.'  adj.  Wall.vchisch,  wil'- 
li-Kish  ;  inhab.  Wallach,  Ail'liK).    See  Roumania. 

Wallajabad,  wil-li-ji-bid',  a  town  of  British  India, 
presidency  of  Madras,  14  miles  N.W,  of  Chingleput,  with 
extensive  military  cantonments, 

Wallamette,  a  river  of  Oregon.    See  Wh-lajiettb. 

Wallanchoon,  w61Min-choon',  or  Walloong,  w61'- 
loong',  a  large  village  of  Eastern  Nepaul,  on  the  Wallan- 
choon or  Tambur  River,  60  miles  E.S.E.  of  Mount  Ever- 
est, and  10,385  feet  above  sea-level.  It  has  some  transit 
trade  with  Thibet  through  the  Wallanchoon  Pass,  16,756 
feet  high,  and  about  two  days'  journey  to  the  N. 

Wallarob'ba,  a  village  of  New  South  Wales,  Aus- 
tralia, CO.  of  Durham,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Clarence,  in  a  fiM 
grazing-district,  between  Paterson  and  William  Rivers. 


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2753 


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Wallastook  River,  Maine.  See  Walloostook  River. 

Walla  Walla,  wdriq,  w&l'l^,  a  small  river  which  rises 
ii  or  near  the  N.  border  of  Oregon.  It  runs  westward,  and 
bters  the  Columbia  River  at  Wallula,  in  Washington. 
1  Walla  Walla,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Washing- 
Jn,  borders  on  Oregon.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the 
Inake  or  Lewis  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Columbia 
liver,  and  is  drained  by  the  Walla  Walla  River.  The 
iirface  is  partly  hilly.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats, 
Utle,  hay,  wool,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  It 
roduced  in  1870  more  wheat  and  more  oats  than  any  other 
^unty  in  the  territory.  Volcanic  rocks  underlie  a  part 
I'  the  soil.  Capital,  Walla  Walla.  Valuation  of  real  and 
fcrsonal  estate,  $3,187,555.  Pop.  in  1870,  5300,  of  whom 
|592  were  Americans;  in  1880,  8716. 
!  Walla  Walla,  a  city,  capiul  of  Walla  Walla  co.,  Wasb- 
ligton,  is  situated  in  a  valley,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name, 
loout  160  miles  E.  by  N.  of  The  Dalles,  Oregon,  and  75 
iilcs  W.S.W.  of  Lewiston,  Idaho.  It  is  the  E.  terminus 
J  the  Walla  Walla  <fc  Columbia  River  Railroad,  and  con- 
lins  several  hotels,  3  newspaper  offices,  2  banks,  several 
faur-mills,  8  churches,  a  foundry,  and  manufactures  of  fur- 
iture,  sash,  doors,  <tc.  Pop.  in  1870, 1394;  in  1880,  3588. 
1  Wall'bridge,  a  post-village  in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario,  7 
tiles  N.W.  of  Belleville.     Pop.  100. 

Walldorf,  -^ill'donf,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Saxe- 

einingen,  principality  and  4  miles  N.  of  Meiningen,  on 

e  AVerra.     Pop.  1516. 

Walldiirn,  a  town  of  Baden.    See  WaldObn. 

Wal'le,  a  post-office  of  Grand  Forks  co.,  N.D. 

Walled  Lake,  a  post-village  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich., 

I  a  small  lake  of  its  own  name,  2  miles  from  Wixom 

nation,  and  30  miles  N.W.  of  Detroit.     It  has  2  churches. 

Wal'len,  a  post-hamlet  in  Washington  township,  Allen 

i^'bid.,  on  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad,  8  miles 
of  Fort  Wayne.     It  has  a  church. 

Walleiidorf,  ♦il'l^n-doar  (Hun.  Olaszi,  oMos'see^),  a 
^wn  of  North  Hungary,  co.  of  Zips,  on  the  Hernad,  12 
liles  S.E.  of  Leutschau.  Pop.  3000. 
t  Wallenfels,  ^Sl'l§n-f61s^,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  circle 
I  Upper  Franconia,  on  the  Rodach,  7  miles  E.N.E.  of  Kro- 
luch.     Pop.  1630. 

WalUenpau'pack  Creek,  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Penn- 
Hvania,  forms  part  of  the  boundary  between  Pike  and 
i^ayne  cos.,  and  enters  the  Lackawaxen  at  Hawley. 
t  Wallenstadt,  *4l'l5n-stitt\  a  lake  and  small  town  of 
Iwitzerland,  canton  of  St.  Gall ;  the  lake  (in  German  Wal- 
jenstadtkr-See,  ^iri^n-stfitH^r-si')  is  11  miles  in  length 
y  2  miles  across,  9  miles  S.E.  of  the  Lake  of  Zurich,  with 
(hich  it  is  connected  by  the  Linth  Canal.  Shores  moun- 
Idnous  and  grand,  the  precipices  along  its  N.  side  being 
lOOO  to  3000  feet  high.  It  receives  the  rivers  Linth  and 
bez.  The  town  Wallenstadt,  at  its  E.  extremity,  is  a  depot 
i»r  the  transit  trade  between  Germany  and  Italy.  P.  2705. 
I  Wal'lenstein,  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  co.,  Ontario, 
i9i  miles  from  Listowell.     Pop.  100. 

i  Wal'ler,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Texas,  is  bounded 
b  the  AV.  by  the  Brazos  River.     The  surface  is  slightly 
jndulating.     Indian  corn  and  cotton  are  among  its  products. 
t  is  intersected  by  the  Houston  <fc  Texas  Central  Railroad. 
Capital,  Hempstead.     Pop.  in  1880,  9024. 
I  Waller,  Ross  co.,  0.    See  Massieville. 
i  Waller,  a  post-office  of  Columbia  co..  Pa. 
i  Wall'er,  a  station  of  the  Houston  &  Texas  Central  Rail- 
bad,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Hempstead,  Tex. 
ji  Wallerfangeu,  ^iU'l^r-fing^n,  a  village  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  government  of  Treves,  on  the  Saar. 
I  Wallern,  ^ft'll'lern,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  circle  and  30 
biles  S.S.W.  of  Pisek.     Pop.  2712. 

I  Wallers,  vilMain',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  arron- 
iissement  of  Valenciennes,  on  the  railway  from  Calais  to 
?aris,  1  mile  from  Valenciennes.  Pop.  3475. 
1  Wallerstein,  <viri§r-stlne',  a  town  of  Bavaria,  circle 
if  Swabia,  30  miles  S.S.W.  of  Anspach.  Pop.  1402.  It 
jas  a  castle,  the  residence  of  the  Princes  Oettingen-Wal- 
Srstein. 

I  Wal'lerville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  Miss.,  20 
[liles  N.W.  of  Tupelo.  It  has  a  church. 
;  Wall-Faced  Mountain,  New  York,  one  of  the  Adi- 
iiondacks,  is  in  Essex  co.,  about  7  miles  E.  of  Mount  Seward, 
jind  3  miles  W.  of  Mount  Mclntyre,  from  which  it  is  sepa- 
iated  by  a  deep  narrow  gorge  called  Adirondack  Pass.  This 
lass  is  2800  feet  above  tide-water.  On  one  side  of  it  rises 
l.n  immense  precipice  1000  feet  perpendicular.  It  is  de- 
loribed  by  Prof.  Emmons  in  these  terras:  "The  object  of 
greatest  interest  is  the  perpendicular  precipice  of  1 000  feet, 
i-a  naked  wall  of  rock.     The  face  of  this  wall  rises  from 


the  midst  of  an  immense  mass  of  loose  rocks,  which  hnvo 
been  falling  from  its  side  from  time  immemorial,  and  prob- 
ably the  bottom  of  this  perpendicular  precipice  is  really  as 
deep  below  as  its  top  is  high  above  the  surface.  The  whole 
rock  exposed  is  the  hyperstheno." 

Wallhausen,  wil'how'zQn,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
government  of  Merseburg,  on  the  Helme,  4  miles  W.  of 
San^ershausen.     Pop,  1514. 

Wall  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  Miss.,  17 
miles  W.  of  Holly  Springs.  It  has  a  church  and  a  mill. 
Pop.  75. 

VVallia,  a  Latin  name  of  AVales. 

Wal'lingford,  a  parliamentary  and  municipal  borough 
and  town  of  England,  chiefly  in  the  co.  of  Berks,  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Thames,  here  crossed  by  several  bridges, 
12i  miles  N.AV.  of  Reading.  Pop.  of  municipal  borough  in 
1881,  2803.  The  town  has  3  churches,  a  town  hall,  market- 
house,  small  jail,  and  various  dissenting  chapels.  It  has 
some  trade  in  malt,  corn,  and  flour,  and  communicates  by 
canals  with  Bath  and  Bristol.  The  borough  sends  one  mem- 
ber to  the  House  of  Commons.  It  confers  the  title  of  Vis- 
count on  the  Earl  of  Banbury.  The  AVallingford-Road  Sta- 
tion of  the  Great  AVestern  Railway,  3  miles  from  the  town, 
is  47i  miles  N.AV.  of  London. 

Wal'lingford,  a  post-borough  in  AVallingford  township, 
New  Haven  co.,  Conn.,  is  finely  situated  on  the  Quinepiao 
River  and  the  New  Haven,  Hartford  <fc  Springfield  Rail- 
road, 12  miles  N.N.E.  of  New  Haven,  and  24  miles  S.  by 
AV.  of  Hartford.  It  contains  a  town  hall,  4  churches,  an 
elegant  summer  hotel,  a  high  school,  and  a  banking-house, 
and  has  manufactures  of  britannia-ware,  silver-ware,  and 
buttons.  The  Boston  &  New  York  Air-Line  Railroad  (sta- 
tion at  East  AVallingford)  passes  through  this  township. 
Pop.  of  the  borough  (1880),  3017;  of  the  township,  4686. 

Wallingl'ord,  a  post-hamlet  in  AVilton  township,  AVill 
CO.,  111.,  about  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Joliet. 

VVallingford,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Delaware  co.. 
Pa.,  on  the  AVest  Chester  <fc  Philadelphia  Railroad,  li  miles 
E.  of  Media. 

VVallingford,  a  post-village  in  AVallingford  township, 
Rutland  co.,  A''t.,  on  Otter  Creek  and  the  Harlem  Extension 
Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Rutland,  and  about  10  miles  S.AV, 
of  Killington  Peak.  It  contains  3  churches  and  a  graded 
school,  and  has  manufactures  of  hay-forks,  doors,  sash,  and 
blinds.     Pop.  in  1880,  672;  of  the  township,  1846. 

Wal'lington,  a  post-office  of  AVayne  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Sodus  Point  <fc  Southern  Railroad  whore  it  crosses  the  Lake 
Ontario  Shore  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of  Sodus  Point. 

Wal'lin's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Harlan  co.,  Ky. 

Wal'liusville,  a  hamlet  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  in  Sau- 
gatuck  township,  2  miles  from  Saugatuck  village.  It  has  a 
tannery  and  a  grist-mill. 

Wallis,  a  canton  of  Switzerland.    See  Valais. 

Wal'lisburg,  a  post-office  of  Smith  co.,  Tex. 

WMlischbirken,  ^fil'lish-beeR'k^n,  a  town  of  Bo- 
hemia, about  60  miles  S.AV.  of  Prague.     Pop.  2293. 

WaI'lis  Creek,  of  New  South  AVales,  East  Australia, 
CO.  of  Northumberland,  flows  N.,  dividing  the  boroughs  of 
East  and  AVest  Miiitland,  and  joins  the  river  Hunter. 

WaI'lis  Island,  of  New  South  AVales,  East  Australia, 
CO.  of  Northumberland,  in  Port  Hunter,  opposite  Fullartcn 
Cove.     Lat.  10°  51'  S. ;  Ion.  142°  4'  E. 

Wallis  Island  (native,  Uea,  oo-i'i),  the  principal  of 
a  group  in  the  South  Pacific  Ocean.  Lat.  13°  24'  S.;  Ion. 
176°  10'  W. 

Wallis  Lake,  of  New  South  AVales,  co.  of  Gloucestei, 
bordering  the  coast  near  Cape  Hawke.  Length,  10  miles; 
breadth,  5  miles. 

Wallis  Run,  a  post-office  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa. 

Wal'Iisville,  a  post-hamlet,  capital  of  Chambers  oo., 
Tex.,  on  Trinity  River,  about  42  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Galves- 
ton.    It  has  a  church.     Pop.  27. 

Wal  I  'kil  I ,  a  to wnship  of  Orange  oo.,  N.Y.  Pop.  11,486. 
It  contains  Middletown. 

Wallkill  River  rises  in  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  from  which 
it  passes  into  Orange  co.,  N.Y.  It  runs  in  a  N.N.E.  di- 
rection, intersects  Orange  and  Ulster  cos.,  and  unites  with 
the  Rondout  River  about  6  miles  S.AV.  of  the  town  of  Ron- 
dout.     It  is  nearly  120  miles  long. 

Wall  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Sac  co.,  Iowa. 

Wall  Lake,  a  township  of  AVright  co.,  Iowa.     P.  230. 

Wallo'nia,  a  post-hamlet  of  Trigg  co.,  Ky.,  15  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Princeton.  It  contains  a  church  and  the  AVallo- 
nia  Institute. 

Walloom'sac,a  small  river  which  rises  in  Bennington 
CO.,  Vt.,  runs  northwestward  into  New  York,  and  enters  the 
Hoosac  RivQr  at  or  near  Hoosic  Junction. 


WAL 


2754 


WAL 


>VaIloomsac,  a  station  of  the  Troy  i,  Boston  Rail- 
toad,  27i  milea  N.E.  of  Troy,  N.Y. 

Walluoiig,  a  village  of  Nopaul.     See  Wallanciioon. 

Wai^oostook'  (or  WaPlastook')  Ilivcr,  Maine, 
riBos  in  Somerset  oo.,  and  runs  nearly  nortticastward  into 
Aroostook  oo.  It  unites  with  the  St.  Francis  on  the  bound- 
ary between  Maine  and  Canada  to  form  the  St.  John  River. 

Wal'lowa,  a  post-offico  of  Union  co.,  Oregon,  is  in  the 
Wallowa  Valley,  near  Snalto  River,  in  the  N.E.  comer  of 
the  county. 

Wall'pack  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wallnnck  town- 
ship, Sussex  CO.,  N.J.,  about  15  miles  N.W.  of  Newton.  It 
has  a  church.     Pop.  of  township,  647. 

Wall  Rose,  a  post-office  of  Bearer  co.,  Pa.,  17  miles 
N.N.W.  of  PitUburg. 

Walls  and  Flo'ta,  a  united  parish  of  Scotland,  co.  of 
Orkney,  comprising  the  S.  half  of  the  island  of  Hoy,  with 
the  islands  of  Flota,  Faray,  Cava,  and  Grasmsay. 

Walls  and  Sand^ness',  a  united  parish  of  Scotland, 
CO.  of  Shetland,  comprising  the  westernmost  part  of  the 
Shetland  Mainland  and  the  islands  of  Fowla,  Linga,  Papa- 
Stour,  and  Vaila. 

.  Wall's  Bridge*  a  post-office  of  Surry  co.,  Va.,  on 
Blackwater  River. 

Walls'burg,  apost-oflice  of  Wasatch  co.,  Utah. 

Wall's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of  Howard  co., 
Md.,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Laurel  Station.  It  has  several 
churches  near  it. 

Walls'end,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Northumber- 
land, 4  miles  B.N.E.  of  Newcastle,  and  intersected  by  the 
Newcastle  A  Shields  Railway.  Pop.  4169,  chiefly  engaged 
in  collieries,  but  partly  in  lime-kilns,  manufactures  of  cop- 
peras and  earthenwares,  and  ship-building.  The  Wallsend 
coal  is  of  very  superior  quality,  and  upwards  of  2,000,000 
tons  are  annually  imported  into  London. 

Wall's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co.,  Neb. 

Wallstadt,  <^iir8t.\tt,  Gross,  groce,  and  Klein,  kline, 
two  contiguous  market-towns  of  Bavaria,  circle  of  Lower 
Franconia,  on  the  Main,  34  miles  W.N.W.  of  Wiirzburg. 
Pop.  of  the  former,  1317;  of  the  latter,  1S05. 

Wall  Street,  a  post-office  of  Linn  co.,  Kansas,  15  miles 
W.  of  Pleasanton. 

Walls'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lackawanna  co..  Pa.,  2 
miles  from  Ualton,  and  13  miles  N.  of  Scranton.  It  has  a 
church  and  2  saw-mills. 

Wal'lula,  a  post-village  of  AValla  Walla  co.,  Washing- 
ton, on  the  Columbia  River,  32  miles  AV.  of  Walla  Walla. 
It  is  the  W.  terminus  of  the  Walla  Walla  &  Columbia  River 
Railroad,  and  is  the  chief  shipping-point  for  the  Walla 
Walla  Valley.     Pop.  in  1880,  142. 

Wal'mer,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  on  the  E. 
coast,  comprising  the  villages  of  Upper  Walmer,  which 
adjoins  Deal,  and  Lower  Walmer.  The  latter  is  near  the 
shore,  and  contains  a  church,  some  good  residences,  and 
marine  villas,  and  is  resorted  to  for  sea-bathing.  Facing 
the  sea,  opposite  the  Downs,  is  Walmer  Castle,  built  by 
Henry  VIIL 

Wal'mer,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  oo.,  Ontario,  5  miles 
from  Bright.     Pop.  150. 

Walmsley,  Adams  co.,  0.    See  Wasisley's. 

Walins'ley,  a  seaport  of  Nova  Scotia,  co.  of  Pictou, 
on  Pictou  Harbor,  opening  into  Northumberland  Strait,  115 
miles  N.E.  of  Halifax. 

Wal'ney  Island,  a  chapelry  of  England,  co.  of  Lan- 
caster, between  Morecambe  Bay  and  the  estuary  of  the 
Duddon.  Length,  9  miles.  At  its  S.  extremity  is  a  light- 
house, and  near  this  the  "  Pile  of  Fowdrey,"  a  castle  for- 
merly of  great  strength,  erected  in  1327  for  the  protection 
of  the  harbor. 

Walnford,  wSn'f^rd,  a  post-office  of  Monmouth  co., 
N.J.,  about  14  miles  S.E.  of  Trenton. 

Wal'nut,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Ga. 

Walnut,  a  post-village  in  Walnut  township.  Bureau 
CO.,  111.,  on  Green  River  and  the  Mendota  &  Clinton  Rail- 
road, 26  miles  W.  of  Mendota,  and  about  18  miles  S.  by  E. 
of  Sterling.  It  has  2  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  newspaper 
office.     Pop.  about  500;  of  the  township,  1187. 

Walnut,  a  post-village  in  Walnut  township,  Marshall 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Peru  &  Chicago  Railroad,  7 
miles  N.  of  Rochester,  and  13  miles  S.  of  Plymouth.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  lumber-mill.  Pop.  about  200;  of  the 
township,  1972. 

Walnut,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ind.    P.  1449. 

Walnut,  a  township  of  Adair  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  307. 

Walnut,  a  township  of  Dallas  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  705. 

Walnut,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1076. 

Walnut,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  875. 


Walnut,  a  post-village  in  Lnyton  township,  Potlawn' 
tamie  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A,  \\c\\\ 
Railroad,  13  miles  W.N.W.  of  Atlantic.  It  hasachurc' 
a  graded  school,  and  a  flour-mill.  i 

Walnut,  a  township  of  Polk  oo.,  Iowa.    Pop.  IOCS,   i 

Walnut,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Iowa.  Poii.  78: 
excluding  Seymour. 

Walnut,  a  township  of  Atchison  oo.,  Kansas.    P.  lim 

Walnut,  a  township  of  Bourbon  co.,  Kansai.     P.  4<i> 

Walnut,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas.     Pop!  58( 

Walnut,  a  post-village  in  Walnut  township,  Crawfnr 
CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad  2 
miles  S.AV.  of  Fort  Scott.     Pop.  of  towuHhip,  977,         ' 

Walnut,  a  township  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  47J 

Walnut,  a  township  of  Mitchell  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  520 

Walnut,  a  township  of  Pawnee  co.,  Kansas.    P.  490. 

Walnut,  a  township  of  Saline  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  365 

Walnut,  a  post-office  of  Ti])pah  co..  Miss. 

Walnut,  a  township  of  Adair  co..  Mo.     Pop.  495. 

Walnut,  a  township  of  Fairfield  co.,  0.  Pop.  2072 
It  contains  New  Salem. 

Walnut,  a  township  of  Gallia  co.,  0.    Pop.  1732. 

Walnut,  a  township  of  Pickaway  co.,  0.    Pop.  1636. 

Walnut,  Juniata  co..  Pa.    See  Johnstowx. 

Walnut  Bend,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Ark.,  on  tht 
Mississippi  River,  12  miles  E.  of  Marianna. 

Walnut  Bend,  a  station  on  the  Pittsburg,  TitusvilU 
&  Buffalo  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of  Oil  City,  Pa. 

Walnut  Bluff,  a  post-office  of  Wilcox  co.,  Ala. 

Walnut  Bottom, a  post-offico  of  Cumberland  co..  Pa., 
is  at  Jacksonville,  about  15  miles  S.W.  of  Carlisle. 

Walnut  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa, 
in  Walnut  township,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Ceutreville,  and  about 
37  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Ottumwa.     It  has  2  churches. 

Walnut  City,  a  village  of  Leilore  co..  Miss.,  on  tht 
Tallahatchce  River,  35  miles  AV.  of  Grenada.  It  hag  3 
churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  about  175. 

Walnut  Cove,  a  post-offico  of  Stokes  co.,  N.C.,  15 
miles  N.  of  Kernersville. 

Walnut  Creek,  Georgia,  flows  southward  from  Joncj 
CO.,  nnd  enters  the  Ocraulgee  River  at  Macon. 

Walnut  Creek,  Iowa,  rises  in  Pottawattamie  co., and 
runs  first  southward.  It  intersects  Montgomery  co.,  rum 
southwestwStd  in  Fremont  co.,  and  enters  tho  West  Nish- 
nabatona  River  about  4  miles  N.E.  of  Sidney. 

Walnut  Creek,  Butler  co.,  Kansas,  runs  in  a  S.S.W. 
direction,  and  enters  Whitewater  Creek  about  14  miles  S.W. 
of  El  Dorado. 

Walnut  Creek,  Kansas,  rises  in  the  western  part  of 
the  state,  runs  eastward  through  the  cos.  of  Ness  and  Rush, 
and  enters  the  Arkansas  River  in  Barton  co.,  about  2  mile« 
E.  of  Great  Bend.     It  is  nearly  140  miles  long. 

Walnut  Creek,  Ohio,  runs  southward  through  Dela- 
ware CO.,  and  enters  the  Scioto  River  in  Franklin  co.,  about 
10  miles  S.  of  Columbus. 

Walnut  Creek,  of  Bastrop  co.,  Tex.,  enters  the  Colo- 
rado from  tho  right,  a  few  miles  below  the  county  seat. 

Walnut  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Contra  Costa  co., 
Cal.,  10  miles  S.  of  Martinez. 

Walnut  Creek,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Kansaa 
Pop.  938. 

Walnut  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  parish,  La. 

Walnut  Creek,  a  post-village  of  Bates  co.,  Mo.,  9 
miles  S.E.  of  Pleasanton,  Kansas.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
graded  school.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Walnut  Creek,  township,  Macon  co..  Mo.    Pop.  1304. 

Walnut  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Fillmore  co..  Neb., 
about  60  miles  S.W.  of  Lincoln. 

Walnut  Creek,  a  township  of  Edgecombe  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  1008. 

Walnut  Creek,  a  post-township  and  hamlet  in  the  E. 
part  of  Holmes  co.,  0.,  about  20  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Massil- 
lon.     Pop.  1321. 

Walnut  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Palo  Pinto  co.,  Tex. 

Walnut  Field,  a  hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  Tenn.,  5 
miles  from  Bristol.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Walnut  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Etowiih  co.,  Ala.,  in 
Murphree's  Valley,  about  60  miles  N.E.  of  Birmingham. 
It  has  2  churches  and  2  stores. 

Walnut  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Yavapai  co.,  Arizona. 

Walnut  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Independcuce'co.,Ark. 

Walnut  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sacramento  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  Sacramento  or  Cosumne  River,  32  miles  S.  of  Sacra- 
mento. It  has  daily  communication  with  San  Francisco 
by  steamers. 

Walnut  Grove,  a  hamlet  of  Walton  co.,  Ga.,  J'  "uw* 
N.  of  Covington.     It  has  a  church  and  a  seminary. 


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2755 


WAL 


tValniit  Grove,  a  post-haralct  in  Walnut  Grove  town- 
Bip,  McDonough  co.,  III.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Rock  Island  & 
(jcago  Railroad,  5  miles  N,  of  Bushnell,  and  23  miles  S. 
0  Monmouth.  The  township  is  also  intersected  by  the 
QJedo,  Peoria  <k  Warsaw  Railroad,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1128. 
I^Valnut  Grove,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  111.  Pop. 
I,iO.     It  contains  Altona. 

I^Valnut  Grove,  a  post-ofSce  of  Warren  co.,  Ind.,  about 
Similes  W.  of  Lafayette. 

jtValiiut  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.,  Kansas. 
IValnut  Grove,  a  township  of  Neosho  co.,  Kansas. 
iL  1158. 

IfValnat  Grove,  a  township  of  Saline  co.,  Kansas. 
jL.  912. 

iValnut  Grove,  a  station  in  Redwood  co.,  Minn.,  on 
t  Winona  &  St.  Peter  Railroad,  53i  miles  W.  of  New  Ulm. 
rValnut  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Lcaice  co..  Miss.,  17 
E  es  N.  of  Forest.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy,  a  steam 
1 1,  and  4  stores. 

JValnut  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co..  Mo.,  24 
ries  N.W.  of  Springfield.     It  has  I  or  2  churches,  a  steam 
firing-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 
♦Falnut  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co..  Neb. 
iValnut  Grove,  a  former  hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J., 
rv  Mount  Freedo.v. 

!»V'alnut  Grove,  a  township  of  Granville  co.,   N.C. 
Ip.  1698. 

>Valnut  Grove,  a  hamlet  of  Stokes  co.,  N.C,  15  miles 
f  m  Kernersville.   It  has  a  tannery  and  a  tobacco-factory. 
iValnut  Grove,  township,  Wilkes  co.,  N.C.     P.  1005. 
jiValnut  Grove,  a  post-offico  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C., 
a»ut  85  miles  N.W.  of  Columbia. 
^Valnut  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Hardin  co.,  Tenn. 
kValiiut  Grove,  Texas.    See  Red  River  City. 
RValnut  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Roane  co.,  W.  Va. 
^Valnut  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Tallapoosa  co.,  Ala. 
IValnut  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lafaj-ette  co..  Ark., 
Ci>ut  5  miles  E.  of  Red  River,  and  44  miles  N.  of  Shreve- 
jj't,  La.     It  has  a  church. 

IValnut  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Ga. 
ikVulnut  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co..  111.,  5  miles 
fsB.  of  Centralia.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 
IValnut  Hill,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co.,  Ind.,  on 
A  Logansport,  Crawfordsville  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  3 
illes  N.E.  of  Crawfordsville. 

jtValnut  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Ky.,  9  miles 
]^.E.  of  Lexington. 

iiValnut  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Vernon  parish.  La.,  about 
Jl miles  N.W.  of  Opelousas. 

jlValnut  Hill,  a  station  in  Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  on  the 
June  Central  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of  Portland. 
'Walnut  Hill,  a  station  of  the  Boston,  Lowell <&  Nashua 
I'ilroad,  10^  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Boston,  Mass. 
Walnut  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Ashe  co.,  N.C. 
SWalnut  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Hawkins  co.,  Tenn. 
i^Valnut  Hill,  a  post-village  of  Panola  co.,  Tex.,  35 
i\es  E.  of  Overton.     It  has  an  academy  and  3  churches. 
;*p.  about  250. 

Walnut  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Lee  co.,  Va. 
jWalnut  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Desha  co..  Ark.,  on 
1|3  Little  Rock,  Mississippi  River  &  Texas  Railroad,  42 
lilcs  E.S.E.  of  Pine  Bluff. 

iWalnut  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  in  Walnut  Lake  town- 
ilp,  Faribault  co.,  Minn.,  about  35  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Man- 
tto,  and  3  miles  S.  of  the  Southern  Minnesota  Railroad, 
.^re  is  a  small  lake.  Pop.  of  the  township,  376. 
fWalnut  Land'ing,  a  hamlet  of  Dorchester  co.,  Md.,  on 
^  Northwest  Branch  of  Nanticoke  River,  i  mile  from  its 
>uth,  and  18  miles  S.W.  of  Seaford,  Del.  It  has  a  church 
i|d  a  steamboat-landing. 

iWalnut  Lick,  a  post-office  of  Gallatin  co.,  Ky. 
[Walnut  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  N.C. 
Walnut  Port,  a  hamlet  in  Lehigh  township,  North- 
tipton  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh  River  and  the  Lehigh  & 
if.squehanna  Railroad,  1  mile  from  Slatington.     It  has  a 
'tto-quarry  and  a  manufactory  of  school-slates. 
■Walnut  Prairie,  Clark  co.,  111.    Sec  Marviij. 
I'Walnut  Ilidge,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Lawrence 
!.,  Ark.,  on  the  St.  Louis,   Iron   Mountain  <fc  Southern 
fiilroad,  120  miles  N.E.  of  Little  Rock.     Pop.  301. 
'Walnut  Run,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  N.C. 
[Walnut  Run,  Madison  co.,  0.     See  Newport. 
Walnut  Shade,  a  post-office  of  Taney  co..  Mo. 
i Walnut  Shade,  a  post-office  of  Macon  co.,  Tenn, 
^Walnut  Station,  a  post-hamlet  in  Walnut  township, 
'awford  co.,  Kansas,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas 
lailroad,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Fort  Scott. 


Walnut  Station,  a  post-office  of  Redwood  co.,  Minn., 
on  the  Winona  &  St.  Peter  Railroad,  25  miles  ii.E.  of 
Marshall. 

Walnut  Station,  Travis  co.,  Tex.,  is  on  the  Houston 
&  Texas  Central  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Austin. 

Walnut  Tree,  a  post-office  of  Yell  co..  Ark. 

Walnut  VaI'ley,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co.,  N.J., 
about  12  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Belvidere. 

Walpole,  wol'pol,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  111., 
about  25  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Carmi. 

Walpole,  a  post-village  in  Walpole  township,  Norfolk 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  New  York  <fc  New  England  Railroad,  and 
on  a  branch  of  the  Boston,  Clinton  A  Fitchburg  Railroad, 
19  miles  S.S.W.  of  Boston.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  cotton  and  other  articles.  One  weekly  new.s- 
paper  is  published  here.  The  township  is  drained  by  the 
Neponset  River,  and  contains  the  villages  of  East  AValpole 
and  South  AValpole.     Pop.  of  the  township,  (1880),  2494. 

Walpole,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  in  Walpole 
township,  Cheshire  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  4 
miles  below  Bellows  Falls,  and  on  the  Cheshire  Railroad, 
18  miles  N.W.  of  Kcene.  It  has  a  hotel,  several  boarding- 
houses,  a  bridge  across  the  river,  a  high  school,  a  savings- 
bank,  and  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  (1880),  2018. 

Walpole  Island,  Pacific  Ocean,  E.  of  New  Cale- 
donia.    Lat.  22°  40'  S. ;  Ion.  169°  2'  E. 

Walpole  Island,  a  large  island  in  the  N.E.  of  Lake 
St.  Clair,  Kent  co.,  Ontario.  It  is  about  10  miles  long,  and 
from  3  to  4  miles  wide,  and  is  inhabited  chiefly  by  Indians. 
Walpole  Island  Post-Office,  on  this  island,  is  10  miles  from 
Wallaceburg. 

Wal'sall,  a  parliamentary  and  municipal  borough, 
town,  and  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Stafford,  on  the  Tame, 
and  on  a  branch  of  the  London  &  Northwestern  Railway, 
8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Birmingham.  Pop.  of  parliamentary 
borough  in  1881,  59,402;  of  town,  58,795.  The  town  has 
a  handsome  church  in  a  commanding  situation,  St.  Paul's 
chapel,  2  Roman  Catholic  and  various  other  chapels,  an 
old  town  hall  and  jail,  a  grammar-school,  almshouses,  na- 
tional blue-coat  and  other  schools,  subscription-  and  news- 
rooms. Saddlers'  and  coachmakers'  ironmongery  and  do- 
mestic iron  utensils  are  the  staple  articles  of  trade ;  it  has 
also  several  brass-  and  iron-foundries,  extensive  coal-  and 
lime-works,  and  a  considerable  trade  in  malt.  The  town 
was  fortified  by  Ethelfleda,  daughter  of  Alfred,  and  was  a 
royal  demesne  at  the  Conquest.  It  sends  one  member  to 
the  House  of  Commons. 

Walscheid,  ^iH'shlte  (Fr.pron.  virshJ'  or  virshid'), 
a  village  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Saarburg. 
Pop.  of  commune,  1906. 

Walscheidt,  ^il'shite,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
government  of  Treves,  6  miles  N.  of  Saarbriick. 

W£llskhland.    See  Welschland. 

Walschleben,  ■*ilsh'l4'b§n,  a  villageof  Prussia,  prov- 
ince of  Saxony,  government  of  Erfurt.     Pop.  1500. 

Walsenburg,  wol's^n-burg,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Huerfano  co..  Col.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Denver  &,  Rio 
Grande  Railroad,  176  miles  S.  of  Denver,  and  56  miles  S. 
of  Pueblo.  It  has  a  church,  a  fine  masonic  lodge,  and  an 
extensive  trade  in  wool.     Pop.  in  1890,  928. 

Walsh,  or  Charlotteville  Centre,  a  post-village 
in  Norfolk  co.,  Ontario,  19  miles  S.S.W.  of  Simcoe.  It  has 
a  saw-mill,  a  shingle-mill,  and  a  hotel.     Pop.  150. 

Wals'ham,  Nouth,  a  market-town  and  parish  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  Norfolk,  near  the  river  Ant,  which  is  navigable 
from  Yarmouth  to  Walsham,  6  miles  from  the  E.  coast,  and 
14  miles  N.N.E.  of  Norwich.  Pop.  2842.  The  town  has  a 
grammar-school,  several  minor  charities,  a  theatre,  &o.  In 
the  parish  are  extensive  water-mills. 

Walsham,  South,  a  village  and  district  of  England, 
CO.  of  Norfolk,  11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Yarmouth. 

Walsh  Station,  a  post-hamlet  in  Brighton  township, 
Sacramento  co.,  Cal.,  9  miles  E.  of  Sacramento.  It  has  » 
church. 

Walsh'toAvn,  a  post-office  of  Yankton  co.,  S.D. 

Waish'ville,  a  post-village  in  Walshville  township, 
Montgomery  co..  111.,  about  9  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Litchfield. 
It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  994. 

Walshville,  a  post-office  of  Walsh  co.,  N.D. 

Walsingham,  a  town  of  England.    See  Wolsingham. 

Walsingham,  Ontario.    See  Saint  Williams. 

Walsingham  Centre,  Ontario.  See  Pleasant  Hilu 

Walsrode,  <^!lls'roM§h,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover, 
45  miles  S.W.  of  LUneburg,  on  the  Bohme.     Pop.  1959. 

Waltenberg,  <^irtQn-b5KG^  a  market-town  of  Tran- 
sylvania, CO.  of  Szolnok,  39  miles  N.W.  of  Klausenburg. 

Walterborough,  wSl'tgr-bar-riih,  a  post-village,  capi- 


WAL 


2756 


WAL 


UI  of  Colleton  co.,  S.C.,  12  miles  N.  of  Oreen  Pond  Station, 
and  about  45  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Charleston.  It  has  a  news- 
paper office,  4  ohurchos  for  whites,  and  3  oolored  churches. 
Wp.  636. 

Walter  Chap'el^  a  post-office  of  Lonoke  co.,  Ark. 

Walter  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kutherfurd  co.,  Tenn., 
6  miles  N.  of  Murfreesborough.  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  2 
stores,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Walter's,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co.,  Pa.,  1  mile  from 
Cessna  Station. 

Waltcrsburg,  wSl't^rz-burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pope 
CO.,  III.,  20  miles  from  New  Burnside. 

Waltersdorf,  ^il't^rs-dour,  a  village  of  Germany, 
Saxony,  circle  of  Bautzen,  on  the  Bohemian  frontier,  7 
miles  W.  of  Zittau.     Pop.  1470. 

Waltersdorf,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia,  40  miles 
S.W.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  1240. 

Waitersdorf,  a  village  of  Prussia,  province  of  Bran- 
denburg, 33  miles  S.  of  Berlin. 

Waltersdorf,  a  village  of  Germany,  East  Prussia,  gov- 
ernment of  Konigsberg. 

Waltersdorf,  a  village  of  Germany,  grand  duchy  of 
Saxe-Weiinar,  7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Weida. 

Waltersdorf,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  about  30  miles 
from  Gitschin.     Pop.  1400. 

Waltersdorf,  a  village  of  Bohemia  circle  of  Chrudim, 
on  a  small  stream,  10  miles  from  Landskron.     Pop.  1700. 

Waltersdorf,  Alt,  ilt,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
government  of  Breslau,  circle  of  llabelschwort.     P.  1240. 

Waltersdorf,  WUste,  ^i'iis't^h,  u  village  of  Prussian 
Bilesia,  government  of  Breslau,  circle  of  Waldenburg. 

Walter's  Falls,  a  post- village  in  Grey  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Big  Head  lliver,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Meaford.  There  is  a 
very  pretty  waterfall  here,  about  50  feet  high.  The  village 
contains  several  mills  and  stores.     Pop.  100. 

Waltershausen,  ^il't^rs-hCw^zijn,  a  town  of  Central 
Germany,  Siuxe-Coburg-Gotha,  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Gotha,  on 
the  Bodewasser.  A  railway  connects  it  with  Fricdrichroda. 
Pop.  4437.    It  has  manufactures  of  linen,  paper,  leather,  &c. 

VValtershof,  \Vi!ll't$rs-hor,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  Upper 
Palatinate,  20  miles  E.  of  Baireuth.     Pop.  1109. 

Wal'terville,  a  post-office  of  Lane  co.,  Oregon. 

Walthall,  wol'thall,  a  station  of  the  Stockton  &  Cop- 
peropolis  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of  Stockton,  Cal. 

\>  althall,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Webster  co..  Miss., 
about  36  miles  E.S.E.  of  Grenada. 

Walthall,  a  post-office  of  Taylor  co.,  Tex. 

Walthall's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Brunswick  co.,  Va. 

Waltham,  w6rtam,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Lin- 
coln, 4  miles  S.S.W.  of  Grimsby,  with  a  station  on  the  East 
Lincolnshire  Railway. 

Wal'tham,  a  township  of  La  Salle  co..  111.     Pop.  1115. 

W'altham,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tama  eo.,  Iowa, 'on  Salt 
Creek,  about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Vinton.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  grist-mill. 

Waltham,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co..  Me.,  in  Wal- 
tham township,  24  miles  E.S.E.  of  Bangor.  Here  is  a 
church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  366. 

Waltham,  a  beautiful  post-village  of  Middlesex  co., 
Mass.,  in  Waltham  township,  on  the  Charles  River,  and  on 
the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Boston.  It  is  built 
principally  on  one  street,  which  is  more  than  a  mile  in 
length.  It  contains  several  fine  churches,  the  New  Church 
Institute  of  Education,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-institu- 
tion, water-works,  gas-works,  and  printing-offices  which 
issue  2  weekly  newspapers.  The  first  large  cotton-mill  in 
the  United  States  was  erected  here  about  1814.  Waltham 
hiis  now  several  cotton-factories  which  employ  about  600 
hands.  Hero  is  also  a  manufactory  of  watches, — the  largest 
in  the  Union, — employing  700  men  and  women.  These 
watches  have  a  high  reputation.  Prospect  Hill,  near  this 
village,  is  about  480  feet  high,  and  affords  an  extensive 
view  of  the  surrounding  country  and  of  Boston.  Pop.  of 
the  township  in  1850,  4464;  in  1860,  6397;  in  1870,  9065; 
in  1880,  11,712;  in  1890,  18,707. 

Waltham,  a  township  of  Mower  co.,  Minn.,  about  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Austin.     Pop.  555. 

Waltham,  a  township  of  Addison  co.,  Vt.     Pop.  249. 

Waltham,  Marathon  co..  Wis.     See  Spencer. 

Waltham,  a  post-village  in  Pontiac  co.,  Quebec,  on 
Black  River,  a  tributary  of  the  Ottawa  River,  65  miles 
N.W.  of  the  city  of  Ottawa. 

Walt'ham-Ab'bey,  or  Holy  Cross,  a  town  of 
England,  co.  of  Essex,  on  the  Lea,  13  miles  N.N.E.  of 
London.  Pop.  2998.  The  church,  partly  a  portion  of  a 
famous  abbey  founded  in  the  time  of  Canute  and  restored 
br  Harold  II.,  is  one  of  the  earliest  specimens  of  Norman 


architecture  in  England.  The  Lea  is  horo  diverted  il 
several  channels,  turning  4  powder-mills  belonging  to  I 
government.  Waltham  has  also  corn-  ami  silk-uiilij  a  r 
factory,  and  malt-kilns.  At  Enticld  Lock,  2  niilcs's 
government  has  a  factory  supplying  annually  about  lUi 
percussion  muskets.  ' 

Waltham,  Bishop's,  England.   See  BisHor'gWA 

HAM. 

Waltham-Cross,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  He, 
on  the  W.  side  of  the  river  Lea,  IJ  miles  W.S.W.  of  \\ 
ham  Abbej',  and  deriving  its  name  from  a  cross  creel 
here  at  one  of  the  halting-places  of  the  funeral  proccwi 
of  Eleanor,  queen  of  Edward  I.,  on  its  way  to  London 

Walt'hamstow,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Em\ 
on  the  Lea,  7  miles  N.N.E.  of  London.  It  ia  cliioi 
inhabited  by  wealthy  merchants  of  the  uietronolig,  and! 
pleasantly  situated  on  the  borders  of  Epping  Forest.       i 

Walthonrville,  wol-thoor'vll,  a  post-village,  capil' 
of  Liberty  co.,  Ga.,  44  miles  S.W.  of  Savannah,  and  { 
miles  N.W.  of  Walthourville  Station  of  the  Atlantic 
Gulf  Railroad.     It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy. 

Wal'toii,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.of  Leicester,  4  mil 
N.E.  of  Lutterworth.     Pop.  647. 

Walton,  wSrtpn,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Florid 
bordering  on  Alabama  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  has  an  an 
of  about  1550  square  miles.  It  is  boundo«i  on  the  E.  bytl 
Choctawhatchee  River,  and  is  drained  by  Shoal  and  Yolio 
Rivers.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  extensive 
covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  The  soil 
sandy.  Cattle,  lumber,  cotton,  pork,  and  sugar-cane  a 
the  staple  products.  Capital,  Euchee  Anna.  Valuatio 
of  real  and  personal  estate,  $250,000.  Pop.  in  1870,  304 
of  whom  3018  were  Americans;  in  1880,  4201. 

Walton,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Georgit 
has  an  area  of  about  460  square  miles.  It  is  bounduj 
on  the  N.E.  by  the  Appalachee  River,  and  is  intersecto! 
by  the  Alcovy  or  Ulcofauhatchee  River,  one  of  the  head 
streams  of  the  Ocmulgee.  The  surface  is  diversified  bi 
high  ridges  or  hills,  fertile  valleys,  and  extensive  forest 
of  the  oak,  hickory,  and  other  trees.  Cotton,  Indian  corn' 
wheat,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  min; 
erals  are  granite  and  iron  ore.  The  Georgia  Railroad  pusse 
through  the  S.  part  of  this  county.  Capital,  Monroe.  Vail 
nation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $1,864,953.  Pop.  in 
1870,  11,038;  in  1880,  15,622. 

Walton,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Lee  co..  III.,  ir' 
Marion  township,  on  the  railroad  between  Amboy  and 
Sterling.     It  has  2  stores  and  an  elevator. 

Walton,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  rail- 
road which  connects  Logansport  with  Kokomo,  10  milM 
S.E.  of  Log.ansport.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  normal 
school,  4  churches,  a  flour-mill,  2  saw-mills,  Ac.    Pop.  463, 

Walton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Walton  township,  Ilarvey 
CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Railroad, 
7  miles  N.E.  of  Newton.  It  has  a  church  and  2  etoref. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1880,  647. 

Walton,  a  township  of  Labette  co.,  Kansas.   Pop.  568. 

Walton,  a  township  of  Sumner  co.,  Kansas.   Pop.  497. 

Walton,  a  post-village  of  Boone  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Louis- 
ville, Cincinnati  &  Lexington  and  Cincinnati  Southern 
Railroads,  20  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Cincinnati,  0.  It  has  3 
churches,  an  academy,  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Walton,  a  township  of  Eaton  co.,  Mieh.    Pop.  1645. 

Walton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grand  Traverse  co.,  Mich., 
is  at  the  junction  of  two  branches  of  the  Grand  Rapids  Jc 
Indiana  Railroad,  26  miles  S.E.  of  Traverse  City,  and  21 
miles  N.  of  Cadillac. 

Walton,  a  post-office  of  Lafayette  co.,  Miss. 

Walton,  a  station  in  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Northern 
Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  13  miles  N.  of  Jersey  City. 

Walton,  a  post-village  in  Walton  township,  Delaware 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Delaware  River,  in  a  deep  valley,  and  on 
the  New  York  &  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  at  the  junction 
of  the  Delhi  Branch  with  the  main  line,  102  miles  N.W. 
of  Middletown,  and  17  miles  S.W.  of  Delhi.  It  has  3 
churches,  an  academy,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  tannery, 
and  a  foundry.     Pop.  in  1880, 1389 ;  of  the  township,  3544. 

Walton,  a  post-office  of  Newberry  co.,  S.C. 

Walton,  a  post-office  of  Van  Z.andt  co.,  Tex. 

Walton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Roane  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Pocotaligo  River,  30  miles  N.  of  Charleston.  It  has  3  storei, 
a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Wal'tonborough,  a  post-office  of  Gallatin  co..  111. 

Wal'ton-le-Dale,  a  township  of  England,  co.  of  Lan- 
caster, on  a  height  beside  the  Derwent,  near  thcWyre* 
Preston  Railway,  2  miles  S.S.E,  of  Preston.  Pop.  8117, 
chiefly  engaged  in  cotton-manufactures. 


WAL 


2757 


WAN 


Walton  Mills,  a  post-villago  of  Washington  cc,  Mo., 

miles  W.  of  Potosi.     It  has  2  churches.     Lead  is  found 

sar  hero, 

Walton-on-So'ken,  a  village  and  parish  of  Eng- 

nd,  CO.  of  Essex,  on  the  coast,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Manning- 

oe.    The  village  is  resorted  to  as  a  watering-place,  and 

IS  a  handsome  terrace,  hotel,  and  jetty.     On  the  Naze  is 

brick  tower,  80  feet  in  height,  forming  a  sea-mark.    Pop. 

■parish,  1070. 

Walton-on-the-Hill,  a  town  and  parish  of  Eng- 

nd,  00.  of  Lancaster,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Liverpool.     It  has 

Iveral  cotton-manufactories,  endowed  schools,  and  man- 

ons  belonging  to  Liverpool  merchants.      Pop.  of  parish, 

50,939. 

IWalton's,  a  station   in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on   the 

Utsburg,  Virginia  <fc  Charleston  Railroad,  24  miles  S.  by 

[  of  Pittsburg. 

fWalton-upon-Thames,  a  parish  of  England,  co. 

r  Surrey,  on  the  Thames,  here  crossed  by  a  bridge,  with 

[station  on  the  London  <fe  Southwestern  Railway,  17  miles 

f  .S.W.  of  London.     The  church  has  some  fine  monuments, 

[id  in  the  parish  are  many  elegant  villas  and  seats.     Pop. 

b3. 

I  Walt's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  AYestmoreland  co.,  Pa. 
I  Waltz,  a  post-hamlet  in  Waltz  township,  Wabiish  co., 
jjd.,  4  miles  S.  of  Wabash,  and  about  30  miles  E.  by  S.  of 
Jogansport.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  woollen-mill.  The 
fwnship  is  intersected  by  the  Mississinewa  River,  andcon- 
lins  a  village  named  Somerset.  Pop.  in  1880,  2'591. 
I  Waltz,  a  post-village  in  Huron  township,  Wayne  co., 
iiich.,  near  the  Huron  River,  and  on  the  Flint  &  Pere 
[[arquette  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of  Monroe.  It  has  2 
parches,  2  hotels,  a  lumber-mill,  ka.  Pop.  about  300. 
;  Waluiki,  a  town  of  Russia.  See  Valooiki. 
I  Walvisch  Bay,  Africa.  See  Walfish  Bav. 
IWal'worth,  a  chapelry  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  a 
iburb  of  the  metropolis,  2i  miles  S.  of  St.  Paul's,  London. 
I  Walworth,  wol'wprth,  a  southern  county  of  Wisconsin, 
brdering  on  Illinois,  has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It 
J  drained  by  Turtle  Creek,  an  affluent  of  Rock  River, 
pd  by  Honey,  Geneva,  and  Sugar  Creeks,  affluents  of  the 
tox  or  Pishtaka  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is 
nely  diversified  with  prairies,  forests,  and  small  lakes, 
leneva  Lake,  the  largest  of  these,  is  about  9  miles  long, 
jmong  the  forest  trees  are  the  ash,  elm,  hickory,  and  oak. 
Ihe  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  wool, 
kttle,  hay,  pork,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Silu- 
fan  limestone  underlies  a  large  part  of  the  surface.  This 
l)unty  is  intersected  by  the  Western  Union  Railroad  and 
'branch  of  the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad.  Capi- 
kl,  Elkhorn.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate, 
89,560,000.  Pop.  in  1870,  25,972,  of  whom  20,822  were 
Americans;  in  1880,  26,249. 

I  Walworth,  a  post-village  in  Walworth  township, 
pyne  co.,  N.Y.,  about  20  miles  E.  of  Rochester,  and  5 
kiles  N.  by  W.  of  Palmyra.  It  has  2  churches,  an  acad- 
my,  and  a  nursery.     Pop.  362 ;  of  the  township,  2394. 

Walworth,  a  post-village  and  township  of  Walworth 
r>.,  Wis.,  about  24  milccj  E.S.E.  of  Janesville,  and  3  miles 
t^.  of  Geneva  Lake.  It  has  2  churches,  2  stores,  and  a 
Hst-mill.     Total  pop.  1270. 

I  Walzenhausen,  wS,lt'sen-how^z?n,  a  village  of  Swit- 
Isrland,  canton  of  Appenzell,  on  a  hill  at  the  extremity  of 
jie  Rheinthal,  with  a  church  so  commandingly  situated 
Slat  the  Tyrolese  mountains  are  seen  and  92  churches 
!!)unted  from  it.     Pop.  2235. 

I  Wambeek,  •ft-3.m'bdk\  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
f  Brabant,  9  miles  W.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1481. 
\  Wamberg,  \?-dm'b5RG,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  24  miles 
|I.S.E.  of  Kiiniggratz.     Pop.  2733. 

Wambool,  New  South  Wales.    See  Macquarte. 
I  Wambrechies,  v6M'br?h-shee',  a  town  of  France,  de- 
^rtment  of  Nord,  4  miles  N.  of  Lille.     Pop.  2112. 
I  Wain  ego,  wah-me'go,  a  post-village  of  Pottawatomie 

E.,  Kansas,  in  Wamego  township,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the 
ansas  River,  and  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  37  miles 
'.  by  N.  of  Topeka,  and  15  miles  E.  of  Manhattan.  It 
IS  a  money-order  post-office,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
(igh  school,  and  2  churches.  Pop.  of  township,  1000. 
1  Wamel,  vti'm^l,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Gel- 
ierland,  on  the  Waal,  opposite  Thiol. 
»  Wamma,  an  island  of  the  Aroo  group.  Chief  town, 
jlOBBO  (which  see). 

'  Wainpoo,  w5m'poo,  a  post-office  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ark. 
i  Wamps'ville,    a  post-village    in    Lenox    township, 
iadison  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  23 
Ailes  E.  of  Syracuse.     It  has  a  church  and  about  25  houses. 


Wam'pum,  a  post-borough  in  Big  Beaver  township, 
Lawrence  co..  Pa.,  on  Beaver  River,  and  on  the  Pittsburg  <t 
Lake  Erie  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  New  Castle.     Pop.  786, 

Wams'ley's,  or  Walms'ley,  apoat-hamlet  of  Adams 
CO.,  0.,  14  miles  N.  of  Rome.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist- 
mill, and  a  lumber-mill. 

Wan,  a  city  of  Turkish  Armenia.    See  Van. 

Wanamie,  wan'a-mee,  a  post-office  and  mining  village 
of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  in  Newport  township,  on  the  Nanticoke 
Branch  of  the  Lehigh  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  12  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Wilkesbarre.  It  has  2  churches,  and  2  large 
coal-breakers.     Anthracite  is  quarried  here. 

Wanamingo,  wan'^-ming'go,  or  Wanammga, 
wan'a-ming'ga,  a  post-village  in  Wanamingo  township, 
Goodhue  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  North  Fork  of  the  Zumbro 
River,  about  24  miles  E.  of  Faribault,  and  22  miles  S.W. 
of  Red  Wing.     Pop.  in  1890,  1215. 

Wanaque,  wah'na-kee,  or  Wyn'okie,  a  post-village 
of  Passaic  co.,  N.J.,  on  Ringwood  River,  and  on  the  Mont- 
clair  &  Greenwood  Lake  Railroad,  23  miles  N.  of  Newark. 

Wanari,  wah'na-re,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bon  Homme  oo., 
S.D.,  12  miles  S.  of  Tyndall. 

Wanas,  wi'nis,  a  town  of  Sweden,  laen  of  Linkoping, 
with  an  important  fortress  at  the  mouth  of  the  Canal  of 
Gotha,  in  Lake  AVetter. 

Wanatah,  wah'na-tah,  a  post-village  of  La  Porte  co., 
Ind.,  in  Clinton  township,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  AVayne  & 
Chicago  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Louisville,  New  Al- 
bany <fc  Chicago  Railroad,  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Valparaiso,  and 
21  miles  S.  of  Michigan  City.  It  contains  the  Enterprise 
Seminary  and  4  churches.     Pop.  about  500. 

Wanchow,  wfl,n-ch6w',  or  Tungow-Ching,  tiin'- 
gow^-ching',  written  also  Wen-Tcheou-Fou,  a  town 
and  treaty -port  of  China,  province  of  Che-Kiang,  150  miles 
S.  of  Ning-Po,  at  the  mouth  of  a  river  of  its  own  name. 
Lat.  28°  N.  Its  streets  are  intersected  by  canals  and  ex- 
posed to  frequent  inundation.  It  has  manufactures  of  silk, 
shamsoo,  and  soy.     Pop.  200,000. 

Wanda,  won'da,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co..  111.,  on 
the  St.  Louis  <fc  Edwardsville  Railroad,  about  16  miles  N.E. 
of  St.  Louis. 

Wandersleben,  •^In'd^rs-ld^b^n,  a  market-town  of 
Prussian  Saxony,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Erfurt.     Pop.  1102, 

Wandipoor,  winMe-poor',  a  town  of  Bootan,  18  miles 
E.  of  Tassisudon,  on  an  isolated  rock.  It  has  many  eccle- 
siastical establishments. 

Wandiwash,  win'de-wlsh',  a  town  of  British  India, 
presidency  and  58  miles  S.AV.  of  Madras.  Here,  in  1760, 
the  French  were  defeated  by  the  British. 

Wandorf,  -ftiu'doRf,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  about 
2  miles  from  Oedenburg.  In  the  vicinity  are  the  e.\tensive 
coal-mines  of  Brennberg. 

Wandr6,  *6N°'dri',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and 
4  miles  E.N.E.  of  Liege.     Pop.  2936. 

Wandsbcck,  ♦inds'bik,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hol- 
stein,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Hamburg.  Pop.  13,528.  It  has  a 
royal  castle  and  park,  4  well-frequented  annual  fairs,  and 
manufactures  of  chemicals,  woollen  cloth,  leather,  Ac.  It 
is  a  favorite  summer  resort  of  the  merchants  of  Hamburg. 

WandsAVorth,  w6nz'w9rth,  a  large  village  of  England, 
CO.  of  Surrey,  on  the  Wandle,  at  its  mouth  in  the  Thames, 
and  on  the  Southwestern  Railway,  5  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of 
Waterloo  Station  in  the  city  of  London.  Population  in  1881, 
28,004.  It  contains  a  royal  hospital  for  incurables,  royal 
patriotic  asylum,  county  prison,  and  lunatic  asylum.  The 
village,  on  and  between  two  low  hills,  has  numerous  manu 
factories  for  bolting-cloths,  vinegar,  white  lead,  and  othe 
chemical  products,  distilleries,  calico-printing-  and  iron 
works,  and  linseed-oil-,  flour-,  and  other  mills.  Around  th 
village  are  many  handsome  detached  mansions, 

Waneka,  wan'e-ka,  a  post-office  of  Dunn  co..  Wis.,  about 
12  miles  W.  of  Eau  Cl'mre. 

Wanfercee-Baulet,  MN°'fSK's4'-b5M4',  a  village 
of  Belgium,  in  Hainaut,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Charleroi,  Pop. 
of  commune,  3940. 

Wanfried,  <^ln'freet,  a  walled  town  of  Germany,  in 
Hesse-Cassel,  province  of  Nieder-Hessen,  on  the  Werra,  5 
miles  E.  of  Eschwege.     Pop.  2020. 

Wanganui,  win-gi-noo'ee,  a  river  of  New  Zealand, 
North  Island,  enters  the  ocean  on  its  W,  coast,  60  miles 
S.E.  of  New  Plymouth.     On  it  is  the  village  of  Pctre. 

Wangari,  win-gi'ree,  a  b.ay  of  New  Zealand,  on  the 
E.  coast  of  North  Island,  65  miles  N.N.W.  of  Auckland. 

Wangaroa,  win-gl-ro'A,  a  bay  of  New  Zealand,  on 
the  E.  coast  of  North  Island,  140  miles  N.N.W.  of  Auckland. 

Wangaroa,  a  harbor  and  river  of  New  Zealand,  North 
Island,  63  miles  S.  of  Auckland. 


WAH 


2758 


WAR 


Wangarurn,  win-gA-roo'roo,  a  bay  of  Now  Zealand, 
B.  oooJt  of  North  Island,  110  mileii  N.N.W.  of  Auckland. 

Wangen^  i^Hng'^n,  a  town  of  WUrtemberg,  circle  of 
Danube,  on  the  Ober-Argen,  60  miles  S.W.  of  Ulm.  Pop. 
of  town,  2208;  of  commune,  2604. 

Wangcn^  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Bern,  on 
the  Aar,  about  24  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bern.     Pop.  1107. 

Wan  gen,  a  village  of  WUrtemberg,  circle  of  Nockar, 
near  Cnnnstadt,  on  the  Nockar.     Pop.  1839. 

Wangcn,  a  village  and  parish  of  Switzerland,  canton 
of  Schwyfz,  about  24  miles  S.E.  of  Zurich.     Pop.  1524. 

Wangerin,  ^Ing-^h-reen',  a  town  of  Prussian  Pome- 
ranin,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Stargard.     Pop.  2587. 

Wangcroog,  MngV-5gS  or  Wangeroge,  <^ftngV- 
o'gh^h,  an  island  of  North  Germany,  grand  duchy  of  Ol- 
denburg, in  the  North  Sea,  off  the  estuary  of  the  Jahde 
and  Woser.     Pop.  350.     It  has  extensive  oyster-beds. 

Wttngi,  Wng'ghee,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  in  Thurgau, 
on  the  Murg,  5  miles  S.E.  of  Frauenfcld.     Pop.  681, 

Wangs,  a  post-office  of  Goodhuo  co.,  Minn. 

Wan'kanecr^,  a  town  of  India,  Baroda  dominions, 
peninsula  of  Guzcrat,  70  miles  N.N.E.  of  Joonaghur. 

Wanlin,w&nMeen',  written  also  Ouanlin  andOoan> 
lin,  a  town  of  Manchooria,  on  the  Soongaree  ;  lat.  47i°  N. 

Wan'lock-Head,  a  mining  village  of  Scotland,  co. 
of  Dumfries,  at  the  head  of  the  Wanlock  Rivulet,  5i  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Sanquhar,  and  1380  feet  above  the  sea.  Pop. 
772,  employed  in  mines  belonging  to  the  Duke  of  Buccleugh, 
which  yield  chiefly  lead  ore,  but  also  small  quantities  of 
copper,  manganese,  and  gold.  The  neat  village,  on  a  hill- 
side amidst  fine  mountain-scenery,  has  a  church  and  a 
miners'  library. 

Wannebecq,  win'n§h-baik\  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
Hainaut,  24  miles  N.N.E.  of  Mons. 

Wansen,  Mn's^n,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  23  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Breslau,  on  the  Ohlau.     Pop.  1913. 

Wans'ford,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Northampton, 
with  a  station  on  the  Peterborough  Branch  of  the  London 
&  Northwestern  Railway,  7  miles  W.  of  Peterborough. 

Wan'ship,  a  post-hamlet  of  Summit  co.,  Utah,  on  We- 
ber River,  about  40  miles  E.  of  Salt  Lake  City.  It  has  a 
church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  hotel.     Pop.  about  300. 

Wan'sliUCk,  a  village  in  the  10th  ward  of  Providence, 
R.I.,  2i  miles  N.  by  W.  of  the  central  portion  of  the  city. 
It  has  a  woollen-mill  and  3  churches. 

Wan'stcad,  a  parish  and  town  of  tingland,  co.  of 
Essex,  on  the  Roding,  6  miles  N.E.  of  London.  Pop.  of 
parish,  5119.     It  has  an  orphan  asylum,  founded  in  1841. 

Wan'tage,  a  parish  and  market-town  of  England,  co. 
of  Berks,  in  the  Vale  of  the  White-Horse,  on  a  branch  of  the 
Ock,  and  on  the  Wilts  &  Berks  Canal,  3  miles  S.  of  the 
Great  Western  Railway,  21  miles  W.N.W.  of  leading. 
Pop.  of  the  town,  3295.  It  has  a  handsome  cruciform 
church,  manufactures  of  sacking  and  coarse  cloths,  and  an 
active  trade  in  malt  and  corn. 

Wantage,  wSn'taj,  a  township  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J. 
Pop.  3636.     It  contains  Deckertown. 

Wantoong,  or  Wantung,  wlnHoong',  North  and 
SouTEi,  two  islets  in  the  Canton  River,  China,  between  the 
Islands  of  An-Ung-Hoy  and  Tycocktow. 

Wanyanee,  or  Wanyani,  wln-yi'nee,  one  of  the 
principal  arms  or  channels  by  which  the  waters  of  the  In- 
dus enter  the  sea.     Its  length  is  nearly  20  miles. 

Wauzenau,  w8,nt'seh-now\  or  La  Wantzenau  (Fr. 
pron.  li  v6Nt^z§h-no'),  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Alsace, 
near  the  Rhine,  6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Strasburg.     Pop.  2154. 

Wanzleben,  wHnts'li^b^n,  a  walled  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Magdeburg.     Pop.  3977. 

Wapakoneta,  wah-pa-kon-et'ta,  a  post-village,  capi- 
tal of  Auglaize  co.,  0.,  in  Duchouquet  township,  on  the 
Auglaize  River,  and  on  the  Dayton.  &  Michigan  Railroad, 
12  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Lima,  and  31  miles  N.  of  Piqua.  It 
contains  a  court-house,  6  churches,  a  banking-house,  1  or  2 
newspaper  offices,  a  union  school,  2  steam  flouring-mills,  and 
a  wooUcn-mill.  It  has  also  manufactures  of  sash,  tiles, 
wheels,  <fec.     Pop.  in  1890,  3616. 

Wapella,  wah-pel'la,  a  post- village  of  De  Witt  co., 
III.,  in  Wapella  township,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad, 
18  miles  S.  of  Bloomington,  and  4  miles  N.  of  Clinton.  It 
has  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  repair- 
Bhop  of  the  railroad.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1437. 

Wapello,  waw'pel-lo,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of 
Iowa,  has  an  area  of  432  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Des  Moines  River,  which  runs  southeastward  and  di- 
vides it  into  nearly  equal  parts.  It  is  also  drained  by  Cedar 
and  Soap  Creeks.  The  surface  is  gently  undulating,  and  is 
extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  elm,  hickory. 


black  walnut,  white  oak,  maple,  wild  cherry,  Ac.    Tl 
is  very  fertile.     Indian  corn,  wheat,  hay,  cattle' i-:' 
butter  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  mineral  i  /     .[ 
are  bituminous  coal,  which  is  abundant,  and  good  : 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Keokuk  4  ]i. 
and  Burlington  A  Missouri  River  Railryuds.   Tli' 
Kansas  City  A  Northern  Roilroivd  terminates  m 
which  is  the  capital  of  this  county.     Valuation  <>: 
personal  estate,  $8,556,779.     Pop.  in  1870,  22,3  it,  „ 
2168  were  Americans  ;  in  1880,  25,285. 

Wapello,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Louisa  eo.,  lowL 
Wapello  township,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Iowa  River    ,„ 
crossed  by  a  bridge),  about  6  miles  W.  of  the  Y 
River,  and  21  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Muscatine,    li 
Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  A  Northern  Railroal, 
N.  of  Burlington.     It  contains  a  court-house,  6  .1 
newspaper  olfices,  a  banking-house,  a  largo  flouriij 
woollen-mill,  and  a  foundry.    Pop.  933;  of  the  ton u 
excluding  the  village,  959. 

Wapeton,  North  Dakota.    See  Wahpetox. 

Wapinitia,  w5p-o-ni8b-e-%,  a  post-office  of  Wawo  , 
Oregon. 

Waplesvillc,  wCp'^lz-vIl,  a  post-hamlet  of  Susacx 
Del.,  near  Indian  River,  8  miles  W.  of  Ocean  View, 
has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Wappiug,  wip'ping,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  J  . 
dlesex,  2  miles  E.S.E.  of  St.  Paul's,  London,  and  inch  i 
within  the  metropolis.  It  borders  on  the  Thomc«,o 
which  are  many  large  warehouses,  and  the  cntranceii  (la 
the  Thames  to  the  London  Docks. 

Wapping,  wSp'ping,  a  post-hamlet  of  Uartford  , 
Conn.,  2  miles  from  South  Windsor  Station,  and  abo«r 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Hartford.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  br 
yard. 

Wapping,  a  hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Ma^s.,  in  D 
field  township,  1  mile  from  Dcerfield  Station.    It  has  all 
20  houses. 

Wapping,  a  station  in  Warren  co.,  Va.,  on  the  ^ 
ginia  Midland  Railroad  (Manassas  division),  4i  miles 
of  Front  Royal. 

Wappinger's  (w5p'pin-j?rs)  Creek,  Dutchess  ' 
N.Y.,  runs  nearly  south  westward,  and  enters  the  Hud 
River  8  miles  S.  of  Poughkeepsie. 

Wappinger's  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Dutchess 
N.Y.,  on  Wappinger's  Creek,  IJ  miles  from  its  entr.i 
into  the  Hudson  River,  and  8  miles  S.  of  Poughkcepi 
It  is  mostly  in  Fishkill  township,  and  partly  in  Puuglike 
sie.  It  contains  5  churches,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offica 
savings-bank,  several  machine-shops,  an  overall-factor) 
cotton-mill,  calico-printing- works,  and  2  comb-factori 
The  creek  afifords  much  water-power  here.  In  1S76  V 
place  and  Channingvillc  were  incorporated,  under  the  Da 
of  "  Village  of  Wappinger's  Falls."     Pop.  in  1890,  3718 

Wapsin'onoc,  a  township  of  Muscatine  oo.,  lot 
Pop.  1944. 

Wap^sipin'icon  River  rises  by  two  branches  near  t 
northern  boundary  of  Iowa,  in  Howard  and  Mitchell  ec 
and  runs  in  a  S.S.E.  direction  to  Independence,  below  whi 
it  flows  nearly  southeastward  through  the  cos.  of  Linn  a 
Jones.  It  finally  forms  the  boundary  between  Clinton  ai 
Scott  COS.,  and  enters  the  Mississippi  River  about  12  mil 
below  the  city  of  Clinton.     Its  length  is  about  250  mile*. 

Wapwallopen,  wap'wol-lo-p?n,  a  creek  of  Luier 
CO.,  Pa.,  flows  into  the  Susquehanna. 

Wapwallopen,  a  post-village  of  Luzerne  oo..  Pa., 
Conyngham  township,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  2  mil 
S.E.  of  Ilicks  Ferry  Station,  and  20  miles  S.W.  of  Wllke 
barre.     It  has  a  church. 

Waqua,  wa'kwa,  a  post-office  of  Brunswick  co.,  Va. 

Waquoit,  waw-kwoit',  a  post-haiulet  of  liarnstable  cc 
Mass.,  in  Falmouth  township,  on  a  small  inlet  of  the  oceai 
about  24  miles  E.  by  S.  of  New  Bedford.  It  has  a  chore 
and  a  woollen-factory. 

Wara,  wi'rS.,  a  town  of  Central  Africa,  state  of  Wada; 
about  30  miles  N.  of  Abesher. 

Waradein.    See  Guosswardei.v. 

War^aju'  River,  in  the  southern  part  of  Minnesoti 
falls  into  St.  Peter's  River,  W.  of  Marrahtanka  Laki 
Length,  about  80  miles. 

Warangol,  wA-rin-gSl',  or  Warangul,  wa-rin-^l 
a  city  of  India,  Deccan,  Nizam's  dominions,  87  miles  N.l 
of  Hyderabad. 

Warasdin,  or  Yarasdin,  vi'ris-din'  (Hun.  yaraii 
voh'rOshd'),  a  fortified  town  of  Austrian  Croatia,  capiti 
of  the  county,  on  the  Drave,  28  miles  N.N.E.  of  Agran 
Pop.  10,623.  It  has  a  Roman  Catholic  college,  a  big 
school,   manufactures   of  stone-wares,  silks,  tobacco  an 


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tnegar.    In  the  vicinity  are  sulphur  baths  and  extensive 

ineyards. 

Warberg,  ■<^an'MRO,  a  seaport  town  of  South  Sweden, 

en  and  36  miles  N.W.  of   llalmstad,  on  the   Cattegat. 

'op.  2407.     Its  harbor  is  safe  and  convenient.     It  is  much 

•equented  in  summer  for  sea-bathing. 

War'blington,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Hants,  7 

liles  S.E.  of  Havant.     It  has  an  ancient  church,  and  pic- 

iresque  ruins  of  a  castle. 

Warburg)  *au'b(5oRG,  a  walled  town  of  Prussian  West- 

halia,  37  miles  S.S.E.  of  Minden,  on  the  Diemel.     Pop. 

380.     It  has  manufactures  of  linens  and  tobacco. 

Ward,  a  post-office  of  Yell  co.,  Arlc. 

Ward,  Randolph  oo.,  Ga.    See  Nochwat. 

Ward,  a  township  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1614. 

Ward,  a  township  of  Clarice  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  421. 

Ward,  a  post-office  of  Wilson  oo,,  Kansas,  about  22 

liles  S.  by  W.  of  Humboldt. 

Ward,  a  post-office  of  White  Pine  co.,  Nevada. 

Ward,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.     Pop.  745. 

Ward,  a  to«^ship  of  Hocking  co.,  0.     Pop.  1305. 

Ward,  a  township  of  Tioga  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  285. 

Ward,  a  post-office  of  Overton  co.,  Tenn. 

Ward,  a  station  of  the  Gulf,  Colorado  &  Santa  F6  Rail- 
oad,  4  miles  E.  of  Richmond,  Tex, 

War'da,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Tex, 

Ward'borough,  a  hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.Y.,  17 
liles  S.W,  of  Ticonderoga. 

Ward  City,  a  post-office  of  Johnson  co.,  Ky. 

Ward  District,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of 
ioulder  co..  Col.,  8  miles  N,  of  Caribou,  Gold  and  silver 
re  found  here. 

Warde,  a  town  of  Denmark.    See  Vatide. 

Wardcin,  Hungary.    See  Grosswardein, 

Wardena,  Fayette  co.,  Iowa.    See  Wadena, 

War'densville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hardy  co.,  W.  Va., 
In  the  Great  Cacapon  River,  about  25  miles  W.S.AV.  of 
(Vinchester,  Va.     It  has  2  churches. 
I  Wardoe,  an  island  of  Norway.    See  Vardoe. 

Wardsborough,  wardz'bur-riih,  a  post-village  in 
Vardsborough  township,  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  about  25  miles 
3.N.E.  of  Bennington.  It  has  manufactures  of  butter- 
ubs,  (tc.     Pop.  of  the  township,  866. 

Ward's  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Buchanan  co., 
'owa,  about  18  miles  N.E.  of  Independence.  It  has  a 
jhurch  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Wards'fork  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Charlotte  co,, 
Ta,.,  10  miles  from  Pamplin  City,  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
aill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Ward's  Grove,  township,  Jo  Daviess  co.,  Ill,    P.  530. 

Ward's  Harbor,  a  hamlet  in  the  district  of  Twillin- 
^te  and  Fogo,  Newfoundland,  at  the  mouth  of  Hall's  Bay, 
!3  miles  from  Tilt  Cove.  Large  quantities  of  salmon  are 
annually  preserved  here.     Pop.  290. 

Ward's  Island,  New  York  co.,  N.Y.     Pop.  1760. 

rVard's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Williamson  co.,  111. 

Ward's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Onslow  co.,  N.C, 

Ward's  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Va.,  about 
SO  miles  S.  of  Max  Meadows. 

Ward's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Claiborne  parish,  La. 

Ward's  Peak,  Montana,  a  peak  of  the  Rocky  Moun- 
»ins,  in  lat.  45°  30'  N.  Its  altitude  is  computed  to  be 
10,371  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Ward's  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Pittsylvania co.,Va., 
m  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  28  miles  N.  of  Danville. 
Bere  is  a  sulphur  spring. 

Ward's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
I).,  19  miles  E.N.E.  of  Marietta.     It  has  2  churches. 

Ward's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Robeson  co.,  N.C. 

Ward's  Turn-Out,  a  post-hamlet  of  Edgefield  co., 
3.C.,  on  the  Charlotte,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  about 
10  miles  W.  of  Columbia.     It  has  a  church. 

Wards'ville,  a  village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  river  Thames,  3  miles  from  Newbury.  It  contains  sev- 
eral churches,  an  iron-foundry,  and  a  number  of  stores  and 
mills.     Pop.  539. 

Ward'ville,  a  village  of  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Bergen 
township,  near  Black  Creek  and  the  New  York  Central 
Railroad,  18  miles  W.S.W.  of  Rochester,  and  about  J  mile 
N.  of  Bergen,     Pop.  788. 

Wardville,a  post-hamlet  of  Chowan  co.,  N.C,  4  miles 
E.  of  the  Chowan  River,     It  has  2  stores. 

Ware,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  and  2i  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Hertford,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Lea,  and  on 
the  Enfield  Branch  of  the  Eastern  Counties  Railway.  Pop. 
4917.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  a  large  cruciform  church, 
Knd  an  active  trade.    The  to-rn  was  founded  by  Edward  the 


Elder,  at  the  place  of  a  wear  or  dock  previously  formed  by 
the  invading  Danes. 

Ware,  a  southern  county  of  Georgia,  bordering  on  Flor- 
ida,  has  an  area  of  about  850  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Satilla  (or  Santilla)  River.  The  surface  is 
level,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests  and  swamps.  The 
southern  part  is  occupied  by  the  Okeflnokee  Swamp.  Among 
its  indigenous  trees  are  the  bay  tree,  palmetto,  and  pine. 
The  soil  is  sandy  and  inferior.  Cattle,  sugar-cane,  Indian 
corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
traversed  by  the  Atlantic  &  Gulf  Railroad  and  the  Bruns- 
wick &  Albany  Railroad.  Caj)ital,  Way  Cross,  Valuation 
of  real  and  personal  estate,  $402,504,  Pop.  in  1878,  2286, 
of  whom  2280  were  Americans;  in  1880,  4159, 

Ware,  a  post-village  in  Ware  township,  Hampshire  co., 
Mass.,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the  Ware  River 
Railroad,  27  miles  E.N.E,  of  Springfield,  and  about  26 
miles  W.  of  Worcester.  It  contains  4  or  more  churches,  a 
high  school,  a  national  bank  with  a  capital  of  $400,000,  a 
savings-bank,  a  gas-light  company,  several  cotton-factoriea 
and  woollen-mills,  and  2  newspaper  offices.  Pop.  in  1880, 
2053;  of  the  township,  4817. 

Ware,  Oceana  co.,  Mich.    See  Weare. 

War  Eagle,  a  post-office  of  St.  Charles  co..  Mo. 

War  Eagle  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Benton  co..  Ark. 

War  Eagle  River,  Arkansas,  a  small  stream  which 
rises  in  Madison  co.,  runs  northward  and  northwestward, 
and  enters  White  River  about  15  miles  S.E.  of  Bentonville. 

Ware'ham,  a  parliamentary  and  municipal  borough 
and  town  of  England,  co.  of  Dorset,  between  the  Frome 
and  Piddle,  each  here  crossed  by  a  bridge,  about  1  mile 
from  their  mouths  in  Poole  Harbor,  and  with  a  station  on 
the  Southwestern  Railway,  15i  miles  E.S.E.  of  Dorchester. 
Pop.  of  parliamentary  borough  in  1871,  6532  ;  of  the  town, 
2536.  The  town  is  laid  out  with  great  regularity,  and  sur- 
rounded by  an  earth  rampart,  between  which  and  the  streets 
are  many  gardens  for  market  produce,  and  traces  of  ancient 
buildings.  It  has  an  old  church,  a  new  town  hall,  a  free 
school,  other  endowed  schools,  almshouses,  a  union  work- 
house, and  manufactures  of  stockings,  shirt-buttons,  and 
straw  plait.  About  10,000  tons  of  pipe-clay  are  annually 
exported ;  but  its  trade  has  declined  with  the  shallowing 
of  its  harbor,  which  is  now  accessible  only  by  small  craft. 
With  Corfe  Castle  it  sends  one  member  to  Parliament. 

Ware'ham,  a  post-village  in  Wareham  township,  Ply- 
mouth CO.,  Mass.,  on  Buzzard's  Bay,  and  on  the  Old  Colony 
Railroad,  49  miles  S.S.E.  of  Boston,  and  about  16  miles 
N.E.  of  New  Bedford.  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  a  national 
bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures 
of  nails,  brass,  <fcc.  Pop.  of  the  township,  2874.  It  con- 
tains also  Tremont,  or  West  Wareham. 

Ware'house  Point,  a  post-village  in  East  Windsor 
township,  Hartford  co.,  Conn.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Con- 
necticut River,  opposite  the  village  of  Windsor  Locks,  12 
miles  N.  of  Hartford.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  silk-thread- 
mill.  Pop.  about  1100.  Warehouse  Point  Station  on  the 
Now  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford  Railroad  is  H  miles 
N.  of  the  village.  Here  is  a  noble  iron  railroad-bridge 
over  the  Connecticut  River, 

Waremme,  *S,^rSm',  written  also  Warem,  a  small 
town  of  Belgium,  province  and  13  miles  W.  of  Liege,  on 
the  railway  between  Brussels  and  Cologne.     Pop.  1990. 

Waren,  i^i'r^n,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Mecklenburg- 
Schwerin,  duchy  and  54  miles  E.S.E.  of  Schwerin,  on  Lak« 
Miiritz.  It  has  manufactures  of  brandy,  woollen  clotb 
linen,  machinery,  <tc.     Pop.  5852. 

Warendorf,  ■ftfl.'r^n-doRf,  a  town  of  Prussian  West 
phalia,  16  miles  E.  of  Mlinster,  on  the  Ems.  Pop.  4761, 
It  has  manufactures  of  damask,  cotton  goods,  linens,  &c. 

Ware  River,  Massachusetts,  rises  in  Worcester  co., 
runs  southwestward,  and  unites  with  the  Swift  River  near 
the  N.  border  of  Hampden  co.  It  is  one  of  the  branches 
of  the  Chicopee. 

Waresborough,  wairs'biir-rilh,  a  post-village  of  Ware 
CO.,  Ga.,  near  the  Satilla  River,  and  on  the  Brunswick  <fc 
Albany  Railroad,  67  miles  W.  of  Brunswick.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  steam  saw-mill,  8  stores,  <tc.  Pop.  about  400, 
It  is  surrounded  by  forests  of  yellow  pine, 

Waresville,  wairz'vil,  a  post-office  of  Uvalde  co,,  Tex. 

Waresville,  a  post-office  of  Fauquier  co.,  Va. 

Ware's  Whari,  a  post-office  of  Essex  co.,  Va. 

Ware'town,  or  Waer'town,  a  post-village  of  Ocean 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  Barnegat  Bay,  and  on  the  Tuckerton  Railroad, 
at  its  junction  with  the  New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad,  14 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Tuckerton,  and  12  miles  S.  of  Toms  Rjvor. 
It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  about  350. 

WaretoAvn  Junction.    See  Barnegat  Junctiok. 


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2760 


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WarfTanit  wanrfoom,  a  village  of  the  Xetbcrlands, 
in  Groningcn,  1-4  luiloi  W.N.W.  of  AppingoJain.  Pop.  of 
oommtino,  2072. 

Wnr'licld,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Martin  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Tug  Forii  of  Sandy  Rivor,  about  150  miles  E.  of  Lex- 
ington. It  has  iniinufacturos  of  salt.  Coal  is  found  here. 
Warficid,  a  post-office  of  liuohanan  co.,  Mo. 
War'lieldburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  oc,  Md.,  3 
miles  S.  of  Avondale  Station,  and  about  30  uiilos  N.W.  of 
Baltimore.     It  has  1  or  2  churches.     Pop.  100. 

War'fordsburgy  a  post-hamlct  of  Fulton  co.,  Pa.,  on 
Conoloway  Creek,  about  30  miles  S.£.  of  Bedford.  It  has 
a  tannery  and  several  churches. 

War  C<ap)  a  post-hamlet  of  Hawkins  co.,  Tcnn.,  13 
miles  N.N.W.  of  llogersville.     Marble  is  found  near  it. 
Wargia,  a  town  of  Algeria.    See  Ouakgla. 
Warltcin,  vau'fim',  a  village  of  Franco,  in   Nord,  7 
miles  S.E.  of  Dunkirk.     Pop.  1123. 

Warin,  *i-roen',  a  town  of  North  Germany,  in  Meck- 
lenburg-Schworin,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Wismar.     Pop.  1743. 
Wilriiig,  a  village  of  Austria.    See  Wahiii.ng. 
War'iiig,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Alle- 
ghany Valley  llailroad,  6i  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

VVar'ingstown,  a  town  of  Ireland,  Ulster,  co.  of 
Down,  6i  miles  E.  of  Portadown.  Pop.  671,  employed  in 
extensive  cambric-  and  linen-manufactures. 

Warli'wortli,  a  parish  and  village  of  England,  co.  of 
Northumborland,  on  the  Coquet,  1  mile  from  the  North 
Sea,  with  a  station  on  the  Newcastle  &  Berwick  Railway,  6^ 
miles  S.E.  of  Alnwick.  Warkworth  Castle,  much  dilapi- 
dated, is  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Coquet ;  and  about  1  mile 
distant  is  Warkworth  Hermitage,  also  on  the  Coquet. 

Warlt'wortli  (formerly  called  Percy),  a  post-village 
in  Northumberland  co.,  Ontario,  on  Mill  Creek,  15  miles 
N.  of  Colborne.  It  has  3  churches,  2  hotels,  about  20 
stores,  and  several  mills  and  factories.     Pop.  800. 

War'iiclt's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burke  co.,  N.C.,  5 
miles  S.  of  Icard  Station.  It  has  a  church,  an  oil-mill, 
and  a  tannery. 

Warloy-Baillon,  van'lwS,'-bAh^y6.N»',  a  village  of 
France,  in  Somme,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Amiens.     Pop.  1861. 
Warmbrnnn,  '^anm'bndon^  a  town  of  Prussian  Sile- 
Fia,  31  miles  S.W.  of  Liegnitz,  on  the  Zacken.     Pop.  2998. 
It  has  sulphur  baths  and  manufactures  of  linens. 
Warm  Forli,  a  post-office  of  Oregon  co..  Mo. 
Warmia  and  Warinie.    See  Eumeland. 
War'minster,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  of  Wilts, 
at  the  W.  extremity  of  Salisbury  Plain,  on  the  Wiley,  and 
on   a  branch    of    the  Great  Western    llailroad,  21  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Salisbury.     Pop.  5786.     It  has  manufactures 
of  hair-cloth,  and  weaving  and  malting  are  the  principal 
branches  of  industry.    Near  it  many  Roman  antiquities 
have  been  discovered. 

War'minster,  a  post-hamlet  in  Warminster  township, 
Bucks  CO.,  Pa.,  18  miles  by  rail  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  840. 

Warminster,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nelson  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
James  River,  about  36  miles  N.N.E.  of  Lynchburg.  It  has 
a  church,  a  seminary,  and  a  mine  of  manganese. 

War'minster,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  oo.,  Ontario,  8 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Orillia.     Pop.  120. 

Warm  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  Ark., 
30  miles  from  O'Kean  Station.  Here  are  mineral  springs. 
Warm  Springs,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort  of 
Meriwether  co.,  Ga.,  is  finely  situated  on  a  spur  of  Pine 
Mountain,  about  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Columbus.  Here  is  a 
remarkable  mineral  spring  which  has  a  temperature  of  90° 
Fahr.  and  discharges  about  1400  gallons  in  a  minute. 
The  water  contains  magnesia,  carbonic  acid,  <fcc.  Fine 
bathing-houses  and  a  large  hotel  have  been  erected  here. 

Warm  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Deer  Lodge  co.,  Mon- 
tana, 17  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Deer  Lodge  City. 

Warm  Springs,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of, 
Madison   co.,  N.C.,  in  Warm   Springs   townsnip,  on   the 
French  Broad  River,  near  the  E.  base  of  the  Iron  Mountain, 
and  about  70  miles  E.  of  Knoxville,  Tenn.     It  is  surrounded 
by  yncturesque  scenery.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1169. 
^Varm  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Wasco  co.,  Oregon. 
Warm  Springs,  a  hamlet  of  Perry  co..  Pa.,  7  miles 
S.S.W.  of  New  Bloomfield.     Here  are  medicinal  springs. 
Warm  Springs,  Virginia.     See  Bath  Couut-House. 
Warm  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Carbon  co.,  Wyoming, 
26  miles  S.  of  Fort  Fred  Steele.     Here  is  a  mineral  spring. 
Warna,  Bulgaria.    See  Varna. 
W^arnabin,  or  Warnavin.    See  Varnavix. 
Warnemunde,  ^vaR'n^h-miin'deh,  a  seaport  town  of 
North  Germany,  in  Mecklenburg -Schwerin,  at  the  mouth  of  | 


the  Warnow  in  the  Baltic,  7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ro«tocli# 
which  it  is  the  outport.     Pop.  1765.  j' 

War'ncr,  a  township  of  Chippewa  co.,  Mich,    p  • 
Warner,  a  post-office  of  Kandiyohi  co.,  Minn.        ' 


Warner,  a  station  in  Douglas  uo.,  Neb.,  on  the  Oa 
Northwestern  Railroad,  12  uiilea  N.N.W.  of  Omuliu  '* 
Warner,  a  post- village  in  Warner  township,  Murriiil, 
CO.,  N.H.,  on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the  C<,u,!i 
&  Claremont  Railroad,  ISJ  miles  W.N.W.  of  Cunconl   i 
about  6  miles  S.  of  Mount  Koarsarge.     It  hug  2  cliur'c 
a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  free  high  school    i 
manufactures  of  straw  board.     Pop.  of  townsliip,  iGc; 
Warner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  0.'  in  .Su 
township,  on  the  Marietta,  Pittsburg  A  ClcvohindKailrt 
18  miles  N.  of  Marietta.     It  has  several  cliurchei. 

Warner's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Onondaga  co.,  N  Y 
the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Sj 
cuse.     It  has  a  church. 

Warner's  Ranch,  a  township  of  San  Dieeo  oo  f 

Pop.  246.  '       '  ^ 

War'uersville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Fairfield  townih 

Madison  co.,  0.,  about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Columbua.    Itl 

a  church. 

War'uerville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Meriwether  oo.  G 
14  miles  S.  of  Senoia.     It  has  a  church.  "' 

Warnerville,  a  post-office  of  Middlesex  co.,  Man. 
Warnerville,  a  post-village  in  Richmondville  tow 
ship,  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Cobleskill  Creek,  and  on  I 
Albany  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  48  miles  W.  of  Albao 
It  has  2  churches  and  1  or  2  tanneries. 

Warneton,  ftaHnH6N<'',  or  Waerten,  ^^-la't^n, a  fro 
tier  town  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flanders,  on  tlio  Ly«,  8  mil 
S.E.  of  Ypres.  Pop.  3131,  engaged  in  breweries,  sul 
refineries,  and  manufactures  of  chocolate  and  :tarch. 

War'ning,  Mount,  New  South  Wales,  East  Austral 
on  the  Tweed,  lat.  28°  24'  S.,  Ion.  153°  15'  E.,  is  3300  Ic 
in  elevation. 

War'nock,  a  post-village  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  on  tl 
Central  Ohio  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  of  Bellaire.  It  hoi 
churches. 

Warnow,  ^an'now  or  Aan'nov,  a  river  of  Qermaa.' 
rises  S.  of  Sternberg,  in  Mecklenburg-Schwcrin,  flows  fiit 
W.,  then  N.E.,  then  N.,  and  falls  into  the  Baltic  at  Wamd 
miinde.     Length,  70  miles. 

Warnsdorf,  *auns'douf,  orWermirowicc,ftJa-me 

ro-^eet'sA,  a  village  of  Moravia,  circle  of  Prrrau.    P.  118C 

Warnsfeld,  wauns'ffilt,  or  Warnsveld,  waiins'filt 

a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  province  of  Ueldcrland,  2) 

miles  S.W.  of  Arnhem.     Pop.  2329. 

War'pole,  a  post-office  of  Wyandot  co.,  0. 
Warree,  war'ree*,  a  town  of  Guinea,  in  the  delta  ol 
the  Niger,  58  miles  S.  of  Benin.    Lat.  6°  32'  N.j  Ion.  5« 
28'  E. 

War'ren,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Georgia,  hatac 
area  of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W*. 
by  the  Ogeechee  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Little 
River  and  Rooky  Comfort  Creek.  The  surface  is  uneven 
or  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests.  The 
soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  has  an  abundance  of 
granite.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Georgia  Railroad.  Cap- 
ital, Warrenton.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estat*,! 
$1,619,238.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,545,  of  whom  10,500  wore' 
Americans;  in  1880,  10,885. 

Warren,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an 
area  of  540  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  UcndorsoB'l 
River  and  Swan  Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level.  The 
soil  is  very  fertile.  A  large  part  of  it  is  prairie.  Indiap 
corn,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  wheat,  pork,  and  butter  are  the  staple 
products.  Among  its  mineral  resources  are  bituminous  coal 
and  limestone.  'Ibis  county  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago, 
Burlington  <fc  Quincy  Railroad  and  the  St.  Louis,  Kock 
Island  &  Chicago  Railroad.  Capitjil,  Monmouth.  Valu- 
ation of  real  and  personal  estate,  $5,187,544.  Pop.  in  Iti70, 
23,174,  of  whom  20,884  were  Americans;  in  1880.  22,9.').i. 
Warren,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Indiana,  border- 
ing on  Illinois,  has  an  area  of  about  300  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Wabash  River,  and  is  inter- 
sected by  Big  Pine  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and 
is  diversified  with  prairies  and  woodlands.  The  soil  i« 
very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  cattle,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  Bituminous  coal  is  found 
here.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Wabash  llailroad. 
Capital,  Williamsport.  Valuation  of  rciil  and  personal 
estate,  $10,000,000.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,204,  of  whom  9744 
were  Americans;  in  1880,  11,497. 
Warren,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Iowa,  hai 


WAR 


2761 


WAR 


area  of  57fi  square  miles.      It  is  intersected  by  the 

;)rth,  Middle,  and  South  Rivers,  affluents  of  the  Des 
Dines,  which  runs  through  its  N.E.  part.  It  is  also 
dined  by  Otter  and  White  Breast  Creeks.  The  surface  is 
dulating.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
V,  cattle,  oats,  pork,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products, 
lis  county  has  plenty  of  hard  timber,  including  oak,  ash, 
d  hickory,  and  has  mines  of  bituminous  coal.  It  is 
tersected  by  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad, 
a  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railroad,  and  the  Des 
oines  it  Kansas  City  Railroad.  Capital,  Indianola.  Pop. 
1870,  17,980;  in  1880,  19,578;  in  1890,  18,269. 
Warren,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Kentucky.  Area, 
out  530  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Green 
ver,  and  intersected  by  the  Big  Barren  River,  which 
ters  the  former  at  the  N.W.  extremity  of  the  county, 
le  surface  is  undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered 
th  forests  of  the  ash,  hickory,  oak,  maple,  Ac.  The  soil 
fertile.    Maize,  tobacco,  wheat,  oats,  cattle,  and  pork  are 

|e  staple  products.  Cavernous  limestone  underlies  a  large 
rt  of  this  county,  which  is  traversed  by  the  main  stem 
the  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  and  by  the  Mem- 
is  Branch  of  that  system.  Capital.  Bowling  Green.  Pop. 
1870.  21,742;  in  1880,  27,531  ;  in  1890,  30,168. 
Warren,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Mississippi,  bor- 
ring  on  Louisiana,  has  an  area  of  about  590  square  miles, 
is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Big  Black,  on  the  W.  by 
e  Mississippi  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Yazoo 
ver.  The  surface  is  partly  level,  and  is  extensively  cov- 
ed with  forests  of  cypress,  gum,  hickory,  <kc.  The  soil  is 
ry  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  sweet  potatoes  are 
B  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Louisville, 
}W  Orleans  &  Texas  and  Queen  &  Crescent  Route  Rail- 
id  systems,  both  of  which  communicate  with  Vicksburg, 
B  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  26,769;  in  1880, 
,238;  in  1890,  33,164. 

Warren,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an 
eaof  about  435  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.AV. 
the  Missouri  River,  and  drained  by  several  creeks.  The 
rface  is  undulating  or  uneven,  and  more  than  one-third 
it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  oak,  hickory,  ash,  maple, 
d  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
ts,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  Coal  and  limestone 
B  found  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Wabash 
lilroad,  which  passes  through  Warrenton,  the  capital  of 
B  county.  Capital,  Warrenton.  Pop.  in  1870,  9673;  in 
80,  10,806;  in  1890,  9913. 

Warren,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  New  Jersey,  bor- 
ring  on  Pennsylvania,  has  an  area  of  about  360  square 

:iles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  and  W.  by  the  Delaware 
ver,  and  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Musconetcong  lliv'er.     It  is 

lio  drained  by  the  Paulinskill  and  by  Pequest  Creek.   The 

J  face  is  diversified  by  fertile  valleys  and  long  parallel 
ges  called  Blue  Mountain  and  Jenny  Jump  Mountain, 
to  direction  of  which  is  N.E.  and  S.W.  On  the  N.W. 
Irder  of  this  county  the  Delaware  River  finds  a  passage 
trough  the  Blue  Mountain  at  the  VVater  Gap.  Indian 
ipn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products. 
.Dong  its  mineral  resources  are  limestone,  iron  ore,  and 
nfing-slate.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Pennsyl- 
"nia  Railroad,  the  Lehigh  <fe  Hudson  River  Railroad,  the 
iilaware,  Lackawanna  <fc  Western  Railroad,  and  the  Cen- 
Ul  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  the  first  two  communicating 
^th  Belvidere,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  34,336;  in  1880, 
.■1,589;  in  1890,  36,553. 

Warren,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  New  York.  Area, 
9  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  narrow 
wi  beautiful  Lake  George,  is  intersected  by  the  Hudson 
Jver  (which  also  forms  part  of  its  southern  boundary), 
m  is  partly  drained  by  Schroon  River.  The  surface  is 
ijiuntainous,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the 
Ifech,  elm,  hickory,  oak,  pine,  sugar-maple,  <fcc.  Many  of 
ta  mountains  and  hills  are  steep  and  present  a  large  sur- 
ffe  of  naked  rock.  Hay,  butter,  oats,  potatoes,  and  lumber 
t !  the  staple  products.  Gneiss  and  granite  are  the  predomi- 
lint  rocks  of  this  county.  Trenton  limestone  and  Potsdam 
f'ldstone  crop  out  in  the  S.E.  part  of  it,  and  black  marble 
ifound  at  Glens  Falls.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Adirondack 
];ilroad.  Capital,  Caldwell.  Post-office,  Lake  George. 
]ip.  in  1870,  22,592;  in  1880,  25,179;  in  1890,  27,866. 

jWarren,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  North  Carolina, 
li,"derring  on  Virginia,  has  an  area  of  about  360  square 
ijes.  It  is  drained  by  the  Roanoke  River,  which  runs 
tj'ough  the  N.E.  part,  and  by  Fishing  Creek,  which  rises  in 
1  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  nearly  half  of  it  is  cov- 
cjd  with  forests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Maize,  tobacco, 
G:tlc,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  This  county  ia  intersected 
174 


from  east  to  west  by  the  Raleigh  A  Gaston  Railroad.  Capi- 
tal,  Warrenton.  Pop.  in  1870,  17,768 ;  in  1880,  22,619 ;  in 
1890,  19,360. 

Warren,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Ohio,  has  an  area 
of  about  428  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Little 
Miami  River,  and  drained  by  CsDsar's  and  Todd's  Creeks. 
The  Great  Miami  also  traverses  the  N.W.  part  of  the 
county.  These  streams  all  run  nearly  southwestward. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  the  ash,  hickory,  buckeye,  oak,  sugar-maple,  Ac. 
The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  hay,  oats, 
butter,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Good  Lower  Si- 
lurian limestone  underlies  a  large  part  of  the  soil.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Cincinnati  A  Muskingum  Val- 
ley Railroad,  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  A  St. 
Louis  Railroad,  the  Dayton,  Lebanon  A  Cincinnati  Rail- 
road, and  the  Cincinnati,  Lebanon  and  Northern  Railroad. 
Capital,  Lebanon.  Pop.  in  1870,  26,689;  in  1880,  28,392; 
in  1890,  25,468. 

Warren,  a  northwestern  county  of  Pennsylvania,  bor- 
dering on  New  York,  has  an  area  of  about  855  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Alleghany  River,  which 
divides  it  into  two  unequal  sections,  and  is  also  drained  by 
Broken  Straw,  Conewango,  and  Tionesta  Creeks.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly  or  undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests  of  the  pine,  sugar-maple,  hickory,  oak,  beech, 
ash,  Ac.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Butter,  hay,  oats,  and 
cattle  are  the  staple  products  of  the  farms.  Lumber  and 
petroleum  are  the  chief  articles  of  export.  This  county  is 
intersected  by  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  the  Western  Now 
York  A  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  and  the  Dunkirk,  Alle- 
ghany Valley  A  Pittsburg  Railroad,  all  of  which  communi- 
cate with  AVarren,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  23,897 ;  in 
1880,  27,981;  in  1890,  37,585. 

Warren,  a  county  of  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of  about 
446  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Caney 
Fork  of  the  Cumberland,  and  by  Rock  River,  which  enters 
the  Caney  Fork  on  the  E.  border  of  this  county.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly  or  undulating,  and  nearly  half  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests  of  the  ash,  black  walnut,  hickory,  maple,  oak, 
Ac.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats, 
cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
traversed  by  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  A  St.  Louis  Rail- 
road, which  passes  through  McMinnville,  the  capital.  Pop. 
in  1870,  12,714;  in  1880,  14,079;  in  1890,  14,413. 

Warren,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Virginia,  has  an 
area  of  about  234  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Shen- 
andoah River  and  its  North  and  South  Forks,  which  unite 
near  the  middle  of  the  county.  It  is  a  part  of  the  Great 
Valley  of  Virginia,  and  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Blue 
Ridge.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating.  The  soil  ia 
fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  grass,  Ac,  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  has  plenty  of  timber.  Among  its 
minerals  are  limestone  and  iron  ore.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad  and  the  Norfolk  A 
Western  Railroad,  both  of  which  pass  through  Front  Royal, 
the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  5716;  in  1880,  7399;  in  1890, 
8280. 

Warren,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Bradley  co..  Ark., 
2  or  3  miles  W.  of  the  Saline  River,  and  about  95  miles  S. 
of  Little  Rock.  It  has  a  newspaper  ofiice,  2  churches,  and 
the  Centennial  Institute.     Pop.  in  1890,  492. 

Warren,  a  post-hamlet  in  AVarren  township,  Litchfield 
CO.,  Conn.,  about  8  miles  W.  of  Litchfield,  and  40  miles  AV. 
of  Hartford.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  cheese-factory.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  673.  Lake  AVaramaug  (or  Wauremaug), 
a  summer  resort,  is  on  the  S.  border  of  this  township. 

Warren,  a  hamlet  of  Henderson  co..  111.,  about  7  mil«s 
E.  by  S.  of  Burlington,  Iowa.     Pop.  84. 

Warren,  a  post-village  in  Warren  township,  Jo  Daviess 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  at  its  junction 
with  the  Mineral  Point  Railroad,  27  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
Galena,  and  24  miles  N-AV.  of  Freeport,  It  has  4  churches, 
a  newspaper  office,  a  banking-house,  3  hotels,  a  high  .school, 
a  foundry,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  wood  car- 
pets.    Pop.  in  1890,  1172. 

Warren,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1252. 

Warren,  a  post-village  in  Salamonie  township,  Hunt- 
ington CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Salamonie  River,  and  on  the  To- 
ledo, St.  Louis  A  Kansas  City  Railroad,  15  miles  S.W.  of 
Bluffton,  and  about  35  miles  S.S.W.  of  Fort  AVayne.  It 
has  2  Hour-mills  and  a  planing-mill.    Pop.  in  1890,  1120. 

Warren,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  2854. 

Warren,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  974. 

Warren,  a  station  in  Randolph  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Pitts- 
burg, Cincinnati  A  St.  Louis  Railroad,  6  miles  N.AV.  of 
Union  City. 


WAR 


2762 


War 


Warren,  St.  Joseph  oo.,  Ind.    See  Wauhkn  Crntre. 

Wairen,  a  township  of  St.  Joseph  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  7fiO. 

Wnrren,  a  township  of  Warren  oo.,  Ind.     Pop.  1208. 

Warreu,  a  township  of  Bremer  oo.,  Iowa,     Pop.  1002. 

Warren,  a  township  of  Keokuk  oo.,  Iowa.     Pop.  707. 

Warren,  a  post-village  of  Leo  co.,  Iowa,  in  Harrison 
township,  on  the  Burlington  <fc  Southwestern  llailroad,  17 
miles  W.  of  Fort  Madison.     It  has  a  church. 

Warren,  a  township  of  Lucas  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  957. 

Warren,  a  township  of  Poweshiek  co.,  Iowa.     P.  1092. 

Warren,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.,  ex- 
eluding  AUorton,  654. 

Warren,  a  post-office  of  Cloud  oo.,  Kansas,  about  52 
miles  N.  by  W.  of  Salina. 

Warren,  a  post-village  in  Warren  township,  Knox  co., 
Me.,  on  St.  George's  River,  about  18  miles  from  the  ocean, 
8  miles  W.  of  Rockland,  and  2  miles  N.  of  the  Knox  & 
Lincoln  ILiilroad.  It  contains  2  churches,  a  high  school,  a 
powder-mill,  a  woollen-factory,  and  a  shoe-factory.  Ves- 
sels of  large  size  can  ascend  the  river  to  this  plaoo,  which 
has  extensive  water-power.  Limestone  abounds  in  this 
township.     Pop.  in  1880,  396  ;  of  the  township,  2166. 

Warren,  a  post- village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  on  Gun- 
powder River,  3  miles  E.  of  Cockoysville,  which  is  15  miles 
N.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  a  church,  and  a  manufactory  of 
cotton  duck  and  bags. 

Warren,  a  post-village  in  Warren  township,  Worcester 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Chicopee  River  and  the  Boston  <fc  Albany 
Railroad,  73  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Boston,  and  26  miles  E.N.B. 
of  Springfield.  It  has  a  hotel,  4  churches,  a  high  school, 
steam  pump-works,  <tc.  Pop.  in  1880, 1620.  The  township 
contains  also  West  Warren,  and  has  a  total  pop.  of  3889. 

Warren,  a  post-hamlet  in  Warren  township,  Macomb 
CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Detroit  &,  Bay  City  Railroad,  14  or  15 
miles  N.  of  Detroit.  The  township  contains  2  churches 
and  a  pop.  of  2214. 

Warren,  a  post-office  of  Cottonwood  co.,  Minn. 

Warren,  a  township  of  Winona  co.,  Minn.     Pop,  934. 

Warren,  a  township  of  Camden  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  472. 

Warren,  a  post-hamlet  in  Warren  township,  Marion 
CO.,  Mo.,  10  miles  N.  of  Monroe  City,  and  about  22  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  Hannibal.  It  has  a  church,  a  drug-store,  1 
other  store,  and  a  woollen-mill.     P.  of  the  township,  2425. 

Warren,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Neb. 

Warren,  a  station  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  30 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Plum  Creek,  Neb. 

Warren,  a  post-village  in  Warren  township,  Grafton 
CO.,  N.H.,  on  the  Boston,  Concord  &  Montreal  Railroad,  70 
miles  N.  by  AV.  of  Concord.  It  contains  a  church  and  a 
hotel.  The  township  has  manufactures  of  bobbins,  car- 
riages, lumber,  shoes,  Ac.  On  its  northern  border  stands 
Moose  Hillock  Mountain.     Pop.  of  township,  960. 

Warren,  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.     See  Little  Lakes. 

Warren,  Rockland  co.,  N.Y.    See  IIaverstraw. 

Warren,  a  township  of  Belmont  co..  0.     Pop.  4099. 

Warren,  a  city  of  Ohio,  capital  of  Trumbull  co.,  at  the 
junction  of  several  railroads,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Youngstown, 
and  52  miles  S.E.  of  Cleveland.  It  contains  8  churches,  3 
banks,  4  newspapers,  a  rolling-mill,  a  woollen-factory, 
bagging-mill,  linseed-oil  works,  and  several  machine-shops, 
flouring-mills,  etc.     Pop.  in  1890,  5973. 

Warren,  a  township  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1421. 

Warren,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  606. 

Warren,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Warren  co..  Pa.,  is 
pleasantly  situated  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Alleghany  River, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Conewango,  29  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Corry, 
35  miles  N.E.  of  Titusville,  and  about  20  miles  S.  of  James- 
town, N.Y.  It  is  on  the  Philadelphia  <fc  Erie  Railroad  and 
the  Dunkirk  &  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad.  It  has  wide 
and  straight  streets  which  cross  one  another  at  right  angles, 
and  contains  a  court-house,  8  churches,  2  national  banks,  2 
savings-banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  public  library,  a  union 
school,  several  tanneries,  and  manufactories  of  engines  and 
boilers,  wooden-ware,  lumber,  s.ash,  doors,  and  blinds.  Small 
steamboats  can  ascend  the  river  to  this  place.  Lumber  and 
petroleum  are  the  chief  articles  of  export.   P.  (1890)  4332. 

Warren,  a  post-village  in  Warren  township,  Bristol 
CO.,  R.I.,  on  the  E.  or  N.E.  shore  of  Narragansett  Bay, 
and  on  the  Providence,  Warren  <fc  Bristol  and  Old  Colony 
Railroads,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Providence,  and  6  miles 
AV.N.W.of  Fall  River.  It  has  a  good  harbor,  3  or  4  national 
banks,  4  churches,  a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  braid,  and  twine.  Pop.  of 
the  village,  3103;  of  the  township,  4005. 

Warren,  a  township  of  Colleton  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1631. 

Warren,  a  post-office  of  Comanche  co.,  Tex.,  16  miles 
N.  of  BrowHWOod. 


Warren,  a  post-village  in  Warren  township,  WMhinl*. 
CO.,  Vt.,  about  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Montpelier.  It  i,  \. 
narrow  valley  on  Mad  River.  It  has  a  ohuroh,and  m  l. 
factures  of  leather,  clapboards,  and  wooden  bowla  I" 
of  the  township,  1008.  '     I ' 

Warren,  a  post-hamlet  of  Albemarle  oo.,  Va.,  on|,« 
James  River,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Charlottesville.  '      1 

Warren,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wnrren  township,  St.  cli 
CO.,  AVis.,  about  8  miles  E.  of  Hudson.    The  townihiin 
intersected  by  the  West  Wisconsin  Railroad.    Pop.  ol 
township,  683. 

Warren,  a  township  of  Waushara  co..  Wis.    Pop. 

War'ren,  a  post-settlement  in  Cumberland  oo.  '} 
Scotia,  6  miles  from  Amherst.     Pop.  150. 

Warren  Centre,  a  post-villiige  in  Warren  towm 
St.  Joseph  CO.,  Ind.,  at  Warren  Station  on  the  Lake  S 
<t  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  6  miles  W.N.W.  of  8i 
Bend.  -  I 

Warren  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Warren  towm' 
Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  12  miles  S.  of  Owego,  N.Y.  ' 

Warren  Grove  Mills.    See  Noiith  River. 

War'renham,  a  post-office  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  al 
22  miles  N.E.  of  Towanda. 

Warren  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  of  Moi 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  West  Wisconsin  Railroad,  21  milw  I 
of  Black  River  Falls,  and  12  miles  N.  of  Tomah.  It 
a  large  lumber-mill. 

Warren  Plains,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  K 
3  miles  N.W.  of  Macon  Depot. 

Warren  Point,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co..  Pa 

Warren's,  a  station  in  Monroe  co.,  Wis.,on  the  Chic 
&  Northwestern  Railroad,  32  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Elroy 

War'rensburg,  a  post-village  in  Illini  township,  Ma 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Pekin,  Lincoln  <fe  Decatur  Railroad,  8  m 
N.W.  of  Decatur.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  schoc 
grain-elevators,  a  tile-factory,  and  a  drug-store. 
about  250.  Here  are  quarries  of  fine  sandstone,  and  < 
is  mined  near  this  place. 

Warrens  burg,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Johnson 
Mo.,  in  Warrensburg  township,  on  Black  River,  and  on 
Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  29  miles  W.  of  Sedalia,  anl 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Kansas  City.  It  contains  a  court-hou,- 
national  bank,  2  savings-banks,  3  newspaper  o6Bccs(I 
which  issues  a  daily  paper),  a  large  steam  eleyator, 
churches,  3  flouring-mills,  a  foundry,  1  or  2  woollen-m 
and  the  South  Missouri  State  Normal  School,  which  basal- 
426  students.  Large  quantities  of  wheat  and  other  jrr 
are  shipped  here.     Pop.  in  1880,  4049;  of  township,  571 

Warrensburg,  a  post-village  in  Warrensburg  to<| 
ship,  Warren  co.,  N.Y.,  on  tho  Schroon  River,  3  miles  fr 
its  mouth,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Saratoga  Springs,  an 
miles  E.  of  the  Adirondack  Railroad.  It  is  partly  r 
rounded  by  high  hills.  It  haa  an  academy,  5  churches, ; 
manufactures  of  leather  and  lumber.  Pop.  715;  of  toi 
ship,  1618.     The  township  is  bounded  W.  by  the  Hud.*' 

Warrensburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Tcnn. 
near  the  Nolachucky  River,  about  48  miles  E.  by  X. 
Knoxville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Warren's  Corners,  a  post-office  or  hamlet  of  Nia^- 
CO.,  N.Y.,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Lockport. 

Warren's  Store,  a  post-village  of  Hale  co.,  Ala 
miles  N.E.  of  Greensborough.     It  has  3  churches. 

Warren  Summit,  a  post-hamlet  in  Warren  townsh 
Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  10  miles  S.E.  of  H.averhill.  It  is  nf| 
the  Moose  Hillock  Mountain,  and  on  the  Boston,  Concord! 
Montreal  Railroad.     It  has  1  or  2  saw-mills. 

Warrensvilie,  of  Connecticut  and  New  Jersey,  i 
Warbenvii.le. 

War'rensville,  a  post-village  in  Winficld  townsh 
Du  Page  CO.,  111.,  about  9  miles  N.E.  of  Aurora.  It  ha; 
churches.  i 

Warrensvilie,  or  Warren's  Mill,  a  hamlet  of  M| 
haska  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  South  Skunk  River,  about  15  mi 
N.W.  of  Oskaloosa. 

Warrensvilie,  a  post-office  of  Sampson  co.,  N.C., 
miles  S.W.  of  Clinton. 

Warrensvilie,  a  post-township  of  Cuyahoga  co., ' 
about  10  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Cleveland.  It  is  intersected 
the  Mahoning  division  of  the  Atlantic  &  Great  Weslc 
Railroad.     Pop.  1429. 

Warrensvilie,  a  post-village  in  Eldred  townshi 
Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  8  or  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Williainspi" 
It  has  2  churches,  2  flour-mills,  and  a  saw-mill. 

War'ren  Tav'ern,  a  post-hamlet  in  East  Whitcli; 
township,  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Chester  Valley  Railry 
12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Norristown.  It  has  2  churches.  1 
name  of  its  station  is  Valley  Store. 


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2763 


WAR 


War'renton,  a  station  in  Dallas  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Selma 
Gulf  Railroad,  21  miles  S.  of  Selina. 
Warrcuton,  a  post-hainlet  of  Marshall  co.,  Ala.,  about 
;  miles  S.S.E.  of  Huntsvillo.  Pop.  CO. 
Warrenton,  a  post-villago,  capital  of  Warren  co.,  Ga., 
I  the  Miujon  &  Augusta  Branch  of  the  Georgia  Railroad, 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Augusta.  It  has  a  court-house,  4 
urches,  a  newspaper  office,  an  academj,  and  a  steam 
iat-mill. 

Warrenton,  a  station  in  Lake  co..  111.,  on  the  Chicago, 
ilwoukee  <fc  St.  Paul  Railroad,  37  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
licago. 

Warrenton,  a  hamlet  of  Gibson  co.,  Ind.,  3  miles  from 
iiubstadt,  and  15  miles  N.  of  Evansville.  It  has  a  church. 
Warrenton,  a  post-village  of  Warren  oo..  Miss.,  near 
Mississippi  River,  and  on  the  Mississippi  Valley  ife  Ship 
and  Railroad,  7  or  8  miles  S.S.W.  of  Vicksburg.  It  has 
h  urches  and  an  academy. 

Warrenton,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Warren  co..  Mo., 
Elkhorn  township,  1  mile  from  Warrenton  Station  of  the 
.  Louis,  Kansas  City  &  Northern  Railroad,  and  58  miles 
.  by  N.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  a  bank,  2  newspaper  oflSccs, 
e  Central  Wesleyan  College,  2  grist-mills,  a  plough-fae- 
ry, and  3  churches.     Pop.  588. 

Warrenton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Warren  co., 
C,  in  Warrenton  township,  near  the  Raleigh  &  Gaston 
iilroad,  62  miles  N.N.E.  of  Raleigh,  and  35  miles  W.  of 
leldon.  It  has  a  court-house,  4  churches,  2  newspaper 
Sees,  a  savings-bank,  and  a  tobacco-factory.  Pop.  941 ; 
the  township,  2886. 

Warrenton,  a  post-village  in  Warren  township,  Jef- 
irson  CO.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  River  division 
the  Cleveland  <fc  Pittsburg  Railroad,  14  miles  S.  of  Steu- 
nville,  and  10  miles  above  Wheeling.  It  has  2  churches. 
)p.  241. 

Warrenton,  a  hamlet  of  Abbeville  co.,  S.C.,  about  7 
les  W.  of  Abbeville. 

Warrenton,  a  post-village  of  Fayette  co.,  Tex.,  12 
Sles  N.E.  of  La  Grange.  It  has  2  churches  and  2  semi- 
pies. 

Warrenton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Fauquier  co., 
.,  about  100  miles  N.  by  W,  of  Richmond,  and  65  miles 
.S.W.  of  Washington,  D.C.  The  Warrenton  Branch 
liilroad,  9  or  10  miles  long,  connects  it  with  the  Virginia 
Jidland  Railroad.  Warrenton  contains  a  court-house,  6 
(urches,  a  banking-house,  a  newspaper  office,  and  2  free 
^ools.     Pop.  in  1890,  1346. 

(Warrenton  Junction,  Virginia.  See  Owl  Run, 
fWar'renville,  a  post-office  in  Ashford  township,  Wind- 
Im  CO.,  Conn.,  about  30  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Hartford.  It 
jts  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 
[Warrenville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J.,  in 
farreu  township,  4  miles  W.  of  Plainfield,  and  about  10 
{iles  N.  of  New  Brunswick.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  cop- 
ir-mine. 

iWar'rick,  a  county  in  the  S.AV.  part  of  Indiana,  bor- 
|irs  on  Kentucky.  Area,  about  380  square  miles.  It  is 
[punded  on  the  S.  by  the  Ohio  River,  on  the  S.E.  by  Little 
kgeon  Creek,  and  is  intersected  by  Big  Pigeon  Creek. 
le  surface  is  undulating,  and  about  one-third  of  it  is 
vered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Tobacco,  Indian 
|rn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  In  1870 
lis  county  produced  3,611,775  pounds  of  tobacco,  and 
[ore  than  any  other  county  of  the  state.  Capital,  Boono- 
(lle.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $8,500,000. 
Ian.  in  1870,  17,653;  in  1880,  20,162. 

iWar'rington,  a  parliamentary  and  municipal  borough, 
nn,  parish,  and  township  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster, 
the  Mersey,  16  miles  E.  of  Liverpool,  with  which  town 
d  with  Manchester  and  Preston  it  is  connected  by  rail- 
jay.  Pop.  of  the  municipal  borough  in  1881,  41,452. 
I  has  a  church  of  Saxon  origin,  numerous  chapels,  the 
wn  hall,  market-house,  assembly-rooms,  several  cloth  balls, 
lioatre,  infirmary,  and  several  cotton  and  other  mills  and 
kJtories.  A  subscription  library  was  established  in  1758 ; 
lid  here  the  first  newspaper  in  Lancashire  and  the  first 
|ago-coach  in  England  were  started.  The  principal  manu- 
jwtures  are  of  fustians,  twills,  corduroys,  and  other  cotton 
bods,  sail-cloth,  sacking,  gla^s-warcs,  hardwares,  files  and 
l.her  tools  of  the  finest  quality,  pens,  soap,  leather,  and 
je,  for  which  last  Warrington  is  famous.  The  Mersey  is 
nvigable  up  to  the  bridge  for  vessels  of  100  tons'  burden, 
he  borough  sends  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 
|he  town  is  of  high  antiquity.  In  the  civil  wars  it  was 
pe  place  of  many  actions  between  the  royal  and  the  par- 
lamentary  forces. 
Warrius:ton,  a  post- village  of  Escambia  co.,  Fla.,  on 


■ 


the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Pensacola,  and  2  miles 
from  Fort  Pickens.  It  has  6  churches  and  a  money-order 
post-office,  it  is  located,  on  a  government  reservation,  and 
supported  by  the  navy-yard.     Pop.  in  1880,  1185. 

Warrington,  a  post-village  in  Brown  township,  Han- 
cock CO.,  Ind.,  about  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Indianapolis.  It 
has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  a  steam  flour-mill,  &c. 

Warrington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Paulinskill  Valley,  3  miles  from  the  Delaware  Water 
Gap,  and  on  the  Blairstown  Railroad,  about  8  miles  S.W. 
of  Blairstown.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  slate-factory. 
Pop.  75. 

Warrington,  a  post-township  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.  It 
has  3  churches.  Pop.  949.  AVarrington  Post-Office  is  3 
miles  from  Doylestown. 

Warrington,  a  township  of  York  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1726. 

War'rior,  a  post-office  of  Bibb  co.,  Ga.,  13  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Macon. 

Warrior's  Mark,  a  post-village  in  Warrior's  Mark 
township,  Huntingdon  co..  Pa.,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Altoona, 
and  3  miles  E.  of  Bald  Eagle.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
coach-factory.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1209. 

Warrior  Stand,  a  post-office  of  Macon  co.,  Ala. 

Warrior  Station,  a  post-village  of  Jeff"erson  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  Black  Warrior  River,  and  on  the  South  <fc  North  Ala- 
bama Railroad,  24  miles  N.  of  Birmingham.  It  has  a  church, 
about  8  stores,  and  valuable  coal-mines. 

Warr^nambool',  a  seaport  of  Australia,  in  Victoria, 
on  the  Pacific,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Merri,  170  miles  AV.S.AV\ 
of  Melbourne.  It  has  a  safe  and  capacious  harbor.  P.  4600. 

War'saw  (Polish,  Warszawa,  van-shi'vi  or  *aR-shi'- 
wi;  Ger.  irar8c7ia«,  waR'show ;  Fr.  Farsofte,  vau*so*vco' ; 
It.  and  Sp.  Varsovia,  vaR-so've-i ;  L.  Warao'via),  a  city 
of  Russia,  capital  of  a  government  of  its  own  name,  and 
formerly  capital  of  the  kingdom  of  Poland,  is  on  the  left 
bank  of  the  Vistula,  across  which  it  communicates  by  a 
bridge  of  boats  with  its  fortified  suburb  of  Praga.  Lat.  of 
observatory,  52°  13'  5"  N. ;  Ion.  21°  1'  52"  E.  Pop.  in 
1860,  162,805;  in  1882,406,261.  Mean  temperature  of 
year,  44.1°  Fahr. ;  winter,  24.9°;  summer,  63.2°.  It  is  sur- 
rounded by  ramparts  and  trenches,  and  has  elegant  suburbs ; 
but  the  streets  in  the  city  are  ill  paved  and  lighted,  and  its 
stone  buildings  are  interspersed  with  hovels  of  timber.  The 
principal  edifices  are  the  Zaviek,  a  vast  palace  of  the  former 
kings  of  Poland,  now  an  imperial  residence,  and  contain- 
ing the  hall  of  the  Polish  diet  and  archives  of  the  king- 
dom ;  the  Saxon  Palace,  having  attached  to  it  fine  gardens 
open  to  the  public;  the  government  palace,  containing  the 
National  Theatre,  custom-house,  high  tribunals,  and  gov- 
ernment offices,  and  also  having  attached  to  it  gardens 
which  are  a  fashionable  place  of  resort;  the  Casimir  Palace, 
with  a  statue  of  Copernicus ;  modern  palace  of  the  minister 
of  finance;  exchange;  Briihl  and  Radzivill  palaces;  many 
colossal  churches,  including  the  Roman  Catholic  cathedral 
of  St.  John,  the  church  of  the  Holy  Cross,  the  Augustine 
and  Alexander  churches,  the  church  of  St.  Borromeo,  a  Lu- 
theran church  ;  and  the  citadel.  The  Marieville  Bazaar  is 
a  large  square  surrounded  by  arcades.  AVarsaw  has  a  Greek 
United  cathedral,  Armenian  and  English  chapels,  many 
synagogues,  several  hospitals  and  theatres,  barracks,  a  mint, 
a  school  of  artillery,  2  colleges  replacing  its  university  (sup- 
pressed in  1834  and  its  library  of  150,000  volumes  removed 
to  St.  Petersburg),  a  theological  seminary,  rabbinical  col- 
lege, observatory,  botanic  garden,  musical  conservatory,  2 
gymnasia,  school  of  arts,  numerous  Russian  schools,  libra- 
ries, and  learned  associations.  Its  public  places  abound  with 
statues  :  the  principal  of  these  are  the  bronze  statue  of  Sigis- 
mund  III.  and  the  equestrian  group  of  Poniatowski.  It 
has  good  promenades,  and  in  the  immediate  vicinity  is  a 
villa  formerly  the  residence  of  Stanislaus  Augustus,  con- 
taining fine  paintings  and  surrounded  by  public  grounds,  in 
which  is  an  equestrian  statue  of  John  Sobieski. 

AVarsaw  has  manufactures  of  wo^tllen  and  linen  fabrics, 
hosiery,  hats,  gold-  and  silver-wares,  saddlery,  paper,  and 
tobacco,  chemical  and  cotton-printing  works,  numerous 
breweries,  tanneries,  distilleries,  .fee.  In  1873  there  were 
259  factories  in  the  town,  employing  8823  workmen.  The 
value  of  the  produce  for  that  year  was  $10,600,000.  It  is  the 
centre  of  the  industry  and  literary  activity  of  the  kingdom, 
and  the  great  entrepot  of  commerce  in  Poland;  it  is  the 
seat  of  the  national  bank,  and  has  large  fairs  in  May  and 
September,  frequented  by  merchants  of  both  Europe  and 
Asia.  Its  imports  amount  to  $70,000,000  and  its  exports 
to  $60,000,000  per  annum.  It  communicates  by  railway 
with  A'ienna,  Bromberg,  Cracow,  and  St.  Petersburg.  It 
1874  a  railway  iron  bridge  was  made  across  the  A'istnla, 
1  thus  connecting  the  railway  systems  on  both  sides  of  it. 


WAR 


2764 


WAR 


Warsaw  suocoeded  Cracow  aa  the  capital  of  Poland  in  1566. 
In  18U7  it  waa  made  capital  of  the  grand  duchy  of  War- 
saw. In  1830  the  Russians  were  driven  from  it  by  the 
Poles,  but  they  retook  it  in  1831. 

Warsaw,  a  government  of  Russia,  in  Poland,  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  Plook  and  Lomza,  E.  by  Siedleo,  S.  by  Petri- 
kau  and  Radom,  and  W.  by  Kalisz  and  the  Prussian  prov- 
ince of  Posen.  Area,  5622  square  miles.  It  is  a  level 
country,  and  is  drained  by  the  Vistula  and  its  tributaries. 
Capital,  Warsaw.     Pop.  926,639. 

War'saW)  a  post-village  of  Sumter  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Toiubigbee  River,  10  miles  above  Gainesville.  It  has  a 
ohuroh,  an  academy,  4  stores,  and  a  steam  mill.  Cotton  is 
shipped  here  in  steamboats. 

>>  arsaw,  the  largest  town  of  Hancock  co.,  111.,  is  finely 
.situated  in  Wilcox  township,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  about 
3  miles  below  Keokuk,  and  40  miles  above  Quincy.  It  is 
the  W.  terminus  of  the  Toledo,  Peoria  <fe  Warsaw  Railroad, 
and  is  IIG  miles  W.S.W.  of  Peoria.  It  has  an  elevated  site 
and  a  favorable  position  for  trade,  and  contains  8  churches, 
a  national  bank,  a  high  school,  3  grammar-schools,  1  or  2 
newspaper  oflSces,  an  iron-foundry,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a 
plough-factory.  The  largest  steamers  can  ascend  the  river 
to  this  place.     Pop.  3583. 

Warsaw,  a  city,  capital  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Wayne  township,  on  the  Tippecanoe  River,  and  on  the  Pitts- 
burg, Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with 
.the  Cincinnati,  Wabash  &  Michigan  Railroad,  40  miles  AV. 
by  N.  of  Fort  Wayne,  24  miles  E.S.E.  of  Plymouth,  and  25 
miles  S.  of  Goshen.  It  contains  a  court-house,  5  churches, 
a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  graded 
schools,  2  fiour-mills,  a  foundry,  several  grain-elevators, 
and  manufactures  of  woollen  goods,  lumber,  sash,  doors,  &e. 
Pop.  in  1870,  2206;  in  1880,  3123;  in  1890,  3574. 

Warsaw,  a  village  of  St.  Joseph  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Kan- 
kakee River,  about  18  miles  S.W.  of  South  Bend. 

Warsaw,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Iowa,  about  30 
miles  S.  of  Chariton.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Warsaw,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Gallatin  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  about  30  miles  above  Madison,  and  35 
miles  by  land  S.W.  of  Cincinnati,  0.  It  has  5  churches,  a 
flour-mill,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  bank.     Pop.  715. 

Warsaw,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  parish.  La.,  on 
the  Tensas  River,  about  40  miles  W.  of  V^icksburg,  Miss. 

Warsaw,  a  township  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minn.     P.  1027. 

WarsaAV,  a  post-village  in  Warsaw  township,  Rice  co., 
Minn.,  on  the  Cannon  River,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Faribault, 
and  about  13  miles  N.N.W.  of  Owatonna.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  about  450. 
The  township  contains  a  lake,  and  has  plenty  of  timber. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1113. 

Warsaw,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Benton  co..  Mo.,  in 
Lindsey  township,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Osage  River, 
about  36  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Sedalia.  It  has  a  court-house, 
2  newspaper  offices,  2  or  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of 
lumber  and  wagons.     Iron  ore  abounds  hero.     Pop.  515. 

Warsaw,  a  post-office  of  Howard  co.,  Neb.,  about  30 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  Central  City. 

Warsaw,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort,  capital  of 
Wyoming  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Warsaw  township,  in  the  beauti- 
ful valley  of  the  Oatka,  and  on  the  Erie  and  Rochester  & 
State  Line  Railroads,  48  miles  E.S.E.  of  Buffalo,  and  43 
miles  S.W.  of  Rochester.  It  contains  a  court-house,  6 
churches,  a  union  free  school,  a  national  bank,  1  other 
bank,  3  or  4  newspaper  offices,  2  broom-factories,  a  barrel- 
factory,  and  several  mills.  Here  is  a  union  school-house 
■which  cost  $40,000.  The  township  is  diversified  by  ravines 
and  waterfalls,  and  presents  attractive  scenery.  Pop.  of 
the  village  in  1890,  3120;  of  the  township,  4468. 

Warsaw,  a  small  hamlet  of  Yates  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Bar- 
rington  township,  8  miles  S.  of  Penn  Yan.  Here  is  Bar- 
rington  Post-Office. 

Warsaw,  a  post-l^mlet  in  Warsaw  township,  Duplin 
CO.,  N.C.,  on  the  Wilmington  &  Weldon  Railroad,  55  miles 
N.  of  Wilmington.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1362. 

Warsaw,  a  post-village  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Mohican  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Killbuck  Creek,  10  miles 
N.W.  of  Coshocton,  and  about  30  miles  N.  of  Zanesville. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  an  academy,  a  planing-mill, 
and  a  superior  hotel.     Coal  abounds  here. 

WarsaAV,  a  post-hamlet  in  Warsaw  township,  Jefferson 
00.,  Pa.,  about  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Brookville.  The  town- 
ship contains  5  churches,  3  tanneries,  a  cheese-factory,  and 
several  saw-mills.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1122. 

Warsaw,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Richmond  co.,  Va., 
about  50  miles  E.N.E.  of  Richmond,  and  4  miles  E.  of  the 
Rappahannock  River.     It  has  3  churches. 


Warsaw,  a  post-village  in  Peterborough  oo.  Onta 
on  Indian  River,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Peterborough.'  ho. 
tains  5  stores,  a  tannery,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  holol."    p  1 

Warsaw  Crossing,  a  station  on  the  Chicago,  liurlii 
ton  &  Quincy  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Quincy,  111. 

Warsaw  Island,  on  the  coast  of  Ucorgia)  bolongl 
to  Chatham  co.,  lies  between  Ossabaw  Sound  on  the  S.  i 
Warsaw  Sound  on  the  N. 

Warschau,  Warsovia,  or  Warszawa,    See  Wj 

SAW.  I 

Warstein,  ■ftan'stine,  a  town  of  Prussian  Westphnli 
13  miles  E.  of  Arnsborg,  on  the  Wasserbach.     Pop.  26001 

Warta,  or  Wartha,  ftan'tl  (ano.  Var'ta),  a  river  I 
Poland  and  Germany,  its  basin  lying  between  tho«e  of  t' 
Oder  and  Vistula,  rises  36  miles  N.  W.  of  Cracow,  flows  N.  a  j 
W.  through  a  level  and  in  many  parts  marshy  country,  ; 
Russia  and  Prussian  Poland,  and  joins  the  Oder  atKiiBirii 
after  a  course  of  450  miles.  Chief  aflluent,  the  Netze,  fn 
the  E.,  by  a  canal  from  which  it  is  connected  with  the  Vi| 
tula;  other  tributaries  are  the  Widawka  and  Ner,  from  1 1 
E.,  and  the  Obra  and  Prosna,  from  the  S.,  which  last  foril 
the  boundary  between  Poland  and  Prussian  Silesia.  i 

Warta,  a  town  of  Poland,  province  and  24  miles  E.  ( 
Kalisz,  capital  of  a  county,  on  the  Warta.     Pop.  4490.    ' 

Warta,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  43  miles  S.S.W.  c! 
Breslau,  on  the  Neisse.  Pop.  1110.  It  has  a  church  great  i 
resorted  to  in  pilgrimage.  i 

Wartau,  *aR't5w,  a  village  and  parish  of  Switierlan. 
canton  and  23  miles  S.S.E.  of  St.  Gall,  on  the  left  bank  c 
the  Rhine.     Pop.  2579.  j 

Wartberg,  ♦aRt'bSRO,  or  Szemptz,  sJmptx,  a  mai 
ket-town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  12  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Prei' 
burg.     Pop.  2434.  } 

VVartburg,  Germany,    See  Eisexach.  ! 

Wart'burg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Morgan  co 
Tenn.,  about  44  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Knoxville. 

Wart'burg,  a  post-village  in  Perth  co.,  Ontario,  6  mi]« 
N.N.E.  of  Sebringville.     Pop.  200. 

Wartcnberg,  Obeb,  o'b^r  ^au't§n-bSRO*,  a  town  o 
Bohemia,  22  miles  N.N.W.  of  Jung-Buntzlau.     Pop.  140C 

Wartcnberg,  PoLNiscH,porni.«h  ^au't9n-bdRO',atowv 
of  Prussian  Silesia,  32  miles  E.N.E.  of  Breslau.     P.  2319 

Wartenburg,  ♦aR't^n-booRO*,  a  town  of  East  Prussia 
60  miles  S.  of  Konigsberg.  Pop.  4055.  It  has  a  ca»tle,  J 
Roman  Catholic  churches,  and  a  hospital.  Alt-  (4lt)  War 
TENBURG  is  a  village  adjacent  to  the  above,  on  the  west 

Wartenburg,  a  village  of  Prussian  Saxony,  8  milct 
E.S.E.  of  Wittenberg,  near  the  Elbe.  Here,  in  1813,  Blii. 
cher  defeated  the  French. 

Wartenfels,  waR't?n-f6ls\  a  market-town  of  Bavaria, 
in  Upper  Franconia,  20  miles  N.  of  Baireuth.    Pop.  557. 

Wartha,  a  river  of  Europe.    See  Warta. 

War'then,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Ga.,  II 
miles  N.E.  of  Sandersville. 

War'trace  Depot,  a  post-village  of  Bedford  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Nashville  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  at  iw 
junction  with  the  Shelbyville  Branch  Railroad,  55  mile* 
S.S.E.  of  Nashville,  and  8  miles  N.E.  of  Shelbyville.  It 
has  a  church,  and  a  male  and  female  institute.    Pop.  500. 

Warwick,  or  Warwickshire,  w6r'rik-shir,  a  county 
in  the  centre  of  England,  enclosed  by  the  cos.  of  Stafford, 
Leicester,  Northampton,  Oxford,  Gloucester,  and  Worcester. 
Area,  881  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1881,  737,839.  Surface 
elevated  ;  its  N.  part  was  formerly  the  extensive  forest  of 
Arden,  and  is  still  interspersed  with  woods,  heaths,  and 
moors  ;  in  the  S.  part  is  much  fertile  soil,  and  the  county 
generally  is  well  cultivated.  Principal  rivers,  the  Avon 
and  its  affluents,  in  the  S.  and  E. ;  the  Tame,  in  the  N.  The 
county  is  noted  for  its  grazing  and  dairy-husbandry.  Coal, 
stone,  lime,  and  marl  are  procured.  Manufactures  are  im- 
portant :  Birmingham  is  the  seat  of  hardware  manufactures, 
and  famous  for  those  of  arms  and  others  in  great  variety; 
Coventry  for  ribbons  and  other  silk  goods,  watches,  and 
jewelry;  fish-hooks  and  needles  are  made  at  Alcester; 
hats  at  Atherstone;  horn  goods  at  Kenilworth.  The  county 
is  intersected  by  numerous  canals,  and  by  the  Northwestern 
and  Great  Western  Railways,  by  branches  of  the  Midland 
Railway,  and  by  the  Roman  Foss-way  and  Wall ing  Street. 
Principal  towns,  Warwick,  Birmingham,  Coventry,  Alcestcr, 
Nuneaton,  Rugby,  Leamington,  and  Stratford-upon-Avon. 
It  sends  four  members  to  the  House  of  Commons  for  the 
county,  and  seven  for  its  boroughs. 

Warwick,  a  borough  of  England,  capital  of  a  county, 
near  its  centre,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Avon,  with  a 
station  on  the  Great  Western  Railroad,  20  miles  S.E.  of 
Birmingham,  and  2i  miles  W.  of  Leamington.  Pop.  of 
borough  in  1881,  11,800.     It  is  regularly  laid  out,  and  well 


WAR 


27G5 


WAS 


bft.    At  either  end  of  the  town  is  a  gateway,  the  western 

81  nounted  by  a  beautiful  ancient  chapel.     Warwick  has 

tirish  churches,  several  chapels,  a  court-house,  county 

hi,  jail  and  bridewell,  market-house,  with  the  museum 

0  the  Warwickshire  Natural  History  and  Archaeological 
S  ioty,  public  library,  a  grammar-school  with  two  exhibi- 
ti  18  at  Oxford  University,  Leicester's  Hospital  for  Aged 

1  tbren,  almshouses,  and  numerous  other  charities.  Be- 
t  en  th«i  town  and  the  river,  on  a  steep  acclivity  beside  the 
A  >n,  is  Warwick  Castle,  the  seat  of  the  Earl  of  Warwick, 
a,  until  damaged  by  fire,  in  December,  1871,  perhaps  the 
n  it  perfect  and  magnificent  feudal  fortress  in  England. 
I  lund  Warwick  are  many  remains  of  monastic  establish- 
n  its.  The  town  has  several  banks,  a  manufactory  of 
Hs,  a  worsted-  and  silk-mill,  and  an  iron-foundry.  It 
g.ils  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

rVar'wick,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Virginia,  has 
a' area  of  about  80  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
SV.  by  the  estuary  of  the  James  River,  and  is  adjacent  to 
Impton  Roads.  The  surface  is  partly  covered  with  pine 
v)ds.  Indian  corn  and  oats  are  the  staple  products  of  . 
t  soil.  Capital,  Warwick  Court-IIouse.  Valuation  of 
rl  and  personal  estate,  $494,289.  Pop.  in  1870,  1672,  of 
Tom  1666  were  Americans ;  in  1880,  2258. 

>Var\vick,  a  post-hamlet  of  Worth  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Itat  River,  25  miles  N.N.B.  of  Albany.     It  has  a  church. 

♦Varwick,  a  post-village  of  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  about  16 
lies  S.  of  Elkton.  It  has  a  church,  a  carriage-factory, 
ad  a  machioc-shop.     Pop.  320. 

tVarwick,  a  post-village  in  Warwick  township,  Frank- 
li  CO.,  Mass.,  about  42  miles  N.W.  of  Worcester,  and  16 
lies  E.N.E.  of  Greenfield.  It  has  3  churches,  and  manu- 
f  tures  of  boots,  brushwoods,  and  lumber.  The  township 
Citains  16  saw-mills.     Pop.  of  the  township,  744. 

;kVarwick,  a  post-office  of  Vernon  co.,  Mo. 

>VarAVick,  a  post-village  in  Warwick  township,  Orange 
{,  N.y.,  on  Wawayanda  Creek,  29  miles  S.W.  of  New- 
Irg,  and  11  miles  S.  of  Goshen.  It  is  the  S.W.  terminus 
{ithe  Warwick  Valley  Branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad.  It 
(« tains  the  Warwick  Institute  and  Union  School,  a  national 
\hk,  a  savings-bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  6  churches. 
],p.  938 ;  of  the  township,  5864.  The  township  contains 
(ier  villages,  named  Florida  and  Amity. 

ftVarwick,  a  township  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.     P.  1387. 

Warwick,  a  station  in  Wayne  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cleveland, 
'Iscarawas  Valley  &  Wheeling  Railroad,  at  its  junction 
'th  the  Cleveland,  Mt.  Vernon  &  Columbus  Railroad,  12 
ifles  N.W.  of  Massillon. 

Warwick,  a  township  of  Bucks  co..  Pa.     Pop.  775. 

'Warwick,  a  post-township  in  the  N.  part  of  Chester 
0,  Pa.,  about  16  miles  S.S.E.  of  Reading.     It  contains 

-lauertown  (St.  Peter's  Post-Office)  and  St.  Mary's,  at  the 
Uer  of  which  is  AVarwick  Post-Office.  P.  of  township,  1266. 

Warwick,  a  township  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  3345, 
!:contains  Litiz. 

Warwick,  a  populous  township  of  Kent  co.,  R.I.,  is 
knded  on  the  E.  by  Narragansett  Bay,  and  intersected  by 
4  Pawtuxet  River  and  the  Stonington  &  Providence  Rail- 
■f.d.     It  contains  post-villages  named  Apponaug  or  AVar- 

Ick,  Centreville,  Arctic,  and  Natick.  It  has  a  national 
"nk  and  8  cotton-manufactories.  Rocky  Point,  a  popular 
linmer  resort,  is  on  the  E.  border  of  this  township.  Gen- 
ii Nathaniel  Greene  was  born  at  Warwick.  Pop.  in 
'70,  10,453  ;  in  1880,  12,164.  Sec  also  Apponaug. 
^Warwick,  a  post-village  in  Lambton  co.,  Ontario,  on 
:a,T  Creek,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Watford.  It  contains  2  churches, 
saw-mill,  a  flouring-mill,  and  2  hotels.  Pop.  300. 
'Warwick  (formerly  Frank'land),  a  post-village  in 
rthabaska  co.,  Quebec,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway, 
lO  miles  from  Montreal.  It  contaius  a  broom-factory,  a 
Stash-factory,  and  large  flour-  and  saw-mills.  Pop.  1600. 
(Warwick  Court-House,  a  post-hamlet,  capital  of 
larwick  co.,  Va.,  is  on  a  creek  which  opens  into  the  James 
iver,  about  30  miles  N.AV.  of  Norfolk.  It  has  3  churches. 
(Warwick  Cross  Roads,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co., 
snn.,  about  24  miles  N.  of  Knoxville. 
IWarAVick  Neck,  a  point  of  land  projecting  into  Nar- 
Igansett  Bay  from  Kent  co.,  R.I.  Near  its  southern  ex- 
Bmity,  at  the  entrance  to  East  Greenwich  Harbor,  is  a 
^ht-house  showing  a  fixed  light.  Lat.  41°  34'  12"  N.; 
In.  71°  27'  W. 

Warwick  Neck,  a  post-hamlet  and  summer  resort  in 
farwick  township,  Kent  co.,  R.I.,  on  the  W.  shore  of  Nar- 
Igansett  Bay,  10  miles  S.  of  Providence.  It  has  a  church. 
jM'arwickshire,  England.  See  Warwick. 
'War  Woman,  a  post-office  of  Rabun  co.,  Ga.,  15  miles 
om  the  Blue  Ridge  Railroad. 


Warye,  wi'rl',  a  small  protected  state  of  India,  in  the 
N.W.  part  of  the  province  of  Guzerat.  Pop.  about  20,000, 
chiefly  Jats.  The  town  of  its  name  is  in  lat.  23°  47'  N., 
Ion.  71°  29'  E. 

Wasa,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Vasa,  and  Nikolaistad. 

Wasatch,  wah^satch',  a  northeastern  county  of  Utah, 
borders  on  Colorado  and  AVyoming.  It  is  intersected  by 
Green  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Uintah  and  AVhite 
Rivers.  The  surface  is  partly  mountainous,  and  mostly  an 
arid  plain  destitute  of  forests.  The  AVahsatch  Mountain' 
range  extends  along  the  western  border  of  the  county,  and 
the  Uintah  Mountains  occupy  the  northern  part  of  it. 
The  highest  peaks  of  the  Uintah  Range  are  about  13,500  feet  ■ 
high.  (See  Dawes  Peak.)  The  soil  of  the  plains  re- 
quires irrigation  to  render  infertile.  Wheat,  potatoes,  and 
wool  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Heber.  A'^aluation 
of  real  and  personal  estate,  $145,027.  Pop.  in  1870,  1244; 
in  1880,  2927.     See  also  Wahsatch. 

Was'co,  a  large  county  of  Oregon,  is  bounded  on  the 
N.  by  the  Columbia  River,  and  on  the  AV.  by  the  Cascade 
Range  of  mountains.  It  is  drained  by  John  Day's  River 
and  the  Des  Chutes  River,  which  run  northward.  Tho 
surface  is  diversified  by  mountains,  valleys,  and  forests. 
On  the  AV.  border  stands  Mount  Hood,  which  is  about 
12,000  feet  high.  Volcanic  rocks  abound  in  this  county. 
Among  its  forest  trees  are  the  pine  and  fir.  Wool,  cattle, 
hay,  lumber,  and  butter  are  the  staples.  Capital,  Dalles. 
A'^aluation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $1,500,000.  Pop. 
in  1870,  2509;  in  1880,  11,120. 

Waseca,  w4-se'ka,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Minne- 
sota,  has  an  area  of  432  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Le  Sueur  River,  and  contains  several  small  lakes.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and 
woodlands,  the  former  of  which  are  more  extensive  than 
the  latter.  The  soil  is  fertile.  AVheat,  oats,  hay,  cattle, 
and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Winona  &  St.  Peter  Railroad.  Capital,  AVa- 
seca,  A'aluation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $3,225,322.  . 
Pop.  in  1870,  7854,  of  whom  6380  were  Americans;  in 
1875,9994;  in  1880,  12.385. 

Waseca,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Waseca  co.,  Minn.,- 
in  AV^oodville  township,  on  the  AVinona  &  St.  Peter  Rail- 
road where  it  crosses  the  Minneapolis  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad, ; 
15  miles  AV.  of  Owatonna,  26  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Mankato, 
and  32  miles  N.  of  Albert  Lea.  It  is  the  largest  village  in 
the  county.  It  contains  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
graded  school,  and  1  or  2  flour-mills.     Pop.  in  1880,  1708. 

Wasepi,  was'e-pi,  a  post-village  of  St.  Joseph  co., 
Mich.,  in  Nottawa  township,  on  the  Air-Line  division  of 
the  Michigan  Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Grand 
Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad,  4  miles  E.N.E.  of  Centreville, 
and  26  miles  S.  of  Kalamazoo.     It  has  a  hotel. 

Wasgau,  the  German  name  of  the  Vosges  Mountains. 

Wash,  an  estuary  on  the  E.  coast  of  England,  between 
the  cos.  of  Norfolk  and  Lincoln,  20  miles  in  length  by  li 
miles  in  breadth,  and  receiving  the  rivers  AVitham,  AVel- 
land,  Ouse,  Nen,  and  Nar.  Its  two  principal  channels  are 
called  the  "deeps"  of  Boston  and  Lynn. 

Wash,  or  Gwash,  a  river  of  England,  chiefly  in  the 
CO.  of  Rutland,  joins  the  AVelland  near  Stamford,  after  au 
E.  course  of  23  miles. 

Wash,  a  post-office  of  Plumas  co.,  CaL 

Washacummov  River.    See  Clearwater. 

Wash^ademoak',  a  post-settlement  in  Queens  co.. 
Now  Brunswick,  on  a  lake  of  the  same  name,  8  miles  from 
Gagetown.     Pop.  250. 

Wash'ago,  a  post- village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  at  the 
outlet  of  Lake  Couchiching,  and  on  the  Northern  Railway, 
12  miles  N.  of  Orillia.     Pop.  180. 

Wash-a-kie,  a  station  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad, 
43  miles  AV.  of  Rawlins,  Wyoming. 

Wash'a  Lake,  Louisiana,  is  about  14  miles  S.AV.  of 
New  Orleans,  and  forms  the  S.  boundary  of  St.  Charles 
parish.  It  is  nearly  12  miles  long.  It  is  connected  with 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico  by  several  bayous. 

Wash'burn,  a  post-office  of  Sebastian  co..  Ark. 

Washburn,  a  post-village  of  AVoodford  co..  111.,  in 
Cazenovia  township,  on  the  AVestern  division  of  the  Chicago 
&  Alton  Railroad,  25  miles  N.E.  of  Peoria,  and  9i  miloa 
S.S.AV.  of  Varna.  It  has  5  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  in  1880,  450. 

Washburn,  a  township  of  Aroostook  co..  Me.    P.  449, 

Washburn,  a  post-office  of  Hennepin  co.,  Minn. 

Washburn,  a  post-village  of  Barry  co..  Mo.,  28  miles 
S.  of  Peiroe  City,  and  about  60  miles  S.AV.  of  Springfield. 
It  has  a  seminary  or  high  school. 

Washburn,  a  post-rillage  in  Lima  township,  Qrai^Lt- 


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00.,  Wia.,  9  miles  N.  of  PlatteTiIIe.    It  has  a  church,  a 
flour-mill,  &o. 

Washburn,  Mount,  Wyoming,  is  in  the  National 
Park  of  the  Yellowstone,  about  6  miles  W.  of  the  Yellow- 
stone Kiver.  Lat.  44°  48'  N.  Altitude,  10,388  feet  above 
the  level  of  the  sea.  It  commands  a  fine  view  of  Ycllow- 
etono  Lake  and  many  mountain-peaks.  "  Mount  Wash- 
burn," says  Prof,  liayden,  "  is  composed  entirely  of  the 
usual  igneous  rocks.  On  the  summits  are  piles  of  very 
hard  compact  basalt." 

Wash'ington,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Durham, 
'with  a  station  on  the  York  &  Berwick  llailway,  5j  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Gateshead.    Pop.  7115. 

Washington,  wSsh'ing-ton,  a  Pacific  state  of  the 
American  Union,  bounded  N.  by  British  Columbia  (Domin- 
ion of  Canada),  E.  by  Idaho,  S.  by  Oregon,  and  W.  by  the 
Pacific  Ocean.  Its  N.  line  is  the  parallel  of  49°  N.  lat.  as 
far  W.  as  the  Gulf  of  Georgia,  whence  it  follows  the  Canal 
de  Haro  and  the  Strait  of  Juan  de  Fuca  to  the  open  sea. 
On  the  E.  the  limit  is  117°  W.  Ion.  as  far  S.  as  the  Snake 
River,  which  stream  is  thence  the  boundary  to  the  S.E. 
angle  of  the  territory.  Thence  westward  the  lino  follows 
the  parallel  of  46°  N.  lat.  to  the  Columbia  River,  which  is 
the  southern  boundary  from  that  point  to  the  sea.  Area, 
69,180  square  miles. 

Face  of  the  Country. — The  Cascade  Mountains  divide 
the  state  into  two  very  distinct  sections.  Western  Wash- 
ington, comprising  two-fifths  of  the  whole,  is  a  densely- 
timbered  country,  with  a  few  very  fertile  prairies  and  some 
very  rough  and  broken  mountain-lands.  Here  the  climate 
is  relatively  warm  in  winter  and  cool  in  summer,  and  the 
rainfall  is  large:  in  short,  it  has  much  the  climate  of 
England.  Eastern  AVashington  is  but  lightly  timbered  as 
a  rule,  has  so  dry  a  climate  that  in  some  places  irrigation 
is  required  for  agriculture,  and  the  summers  are  warmer 
and  the  winters  sharper  than  W.  of  the  mountains.  Here 
are  some  extensive  plains,  like  the  Klikitat  prairie  and  the 
great  Spokan  plateau ;  but  elsewhere  the  surface  is  much 
broken  and  even  mountainous. 

Mountains. — The  Cascade  and  Coast  Ranges,  with  the 
Blue  Mountains  of  the  extreme  S.E.,  are  the  principal 
mountain-ranges.  Some  of  the  peaks  bear  glaciers  and 
perpetual  snows.  In  the  Cascade  Range  are  Mounts  Rainier, 
i4,4U  feel  hi^^h,  Baker,  11,100  feet,  St.  Helen's,  9750  feet, 
and  Adams,  9750  feet, — all  former  volcanoes,  and  it  is  re- 
ported that  some  of  the  craters  show  signs  of  present  activity. 
Mount  Olympus,  in  the  Coast  Range,  is  8138  feet  high. 

Ooast-Line. — On  the  W.  coast  are  the  harbors  of  Pacific 
City,  Shoalwater  Bay,  Gray's  Harbor,  Greenville  Harbor, 
Ac. ;  on  the  Strait  of  Fuca  (or  Juan  de  Fuca)  are  Clallam 
Bay,  Port  Angelas,  New  Dungeness,  Bellingham  Bay,  Dray- 
ton Harbor,  kc;  Avhile  the  deep  and  tranquil  waters  of  the 
noble  Paget  Sound,  of  Hood's  Canal  (a  great  fiord),  and  of 
the  lower  Columbia  River  present  unrivalled  harbor  facili- 
ties, and  will  doubtless  render  Washington  the  leading 
commercial  region  of  our  Pacific  coast. 

Rivers. — The  Columbia  affords  ship  navigation  nearly 
to  the  Cascades;  and  throughout  the  state  this  stream 
and  its  main  afBuonts,  the  Snake  and  the  Clarke,  afford 
eteamboat  navigation,  with  occasional  interruption  from 
rapids.  The  other  principal  rivers  of  Eastern  Washington 
are  the  Spokan,  Okanagan,  Yakima,  Palouse,  <fec.,  direct 
or  indirect  aflSuents  of  the  Columbia.  Western  Washing- 
ton has  many  small  rivers,  among  which  are  the  Cowlitz, 
navigable  for  steamboats  24  miles;  the  Chehalis,  30  miles; 
the  Dwamish,  30  miles;  and  the  Snohomish,  35  miles. 

Geology. — The  Cascade  Mountains,  with  nearly  all  that 
part  of  Eastern  Washington  which  lies  S.  of  the  Upper 
Columbia  and  Spokan  Rivers,  is  of  a  volcanic  formation 
of  by  no  means  remote  geological  age ;  but  the  northern 
parts  of  the  state,  as  well  as  the  Coast  Range  and  Blue 
Mountain  region,  appear  to  be  mainly  of  very  remote  azoic 
period.  The  immediate  coast-region,  with  the  Puget  Sound 
country  and  the  valley  of  the  Cowlitz,  is  apparently  of 
miocene  tertiary  age;  while  the  San  Juan  Islands  have 
been  referred  to  the  cretaceous.  From  this  state  con- 
siderable gold  and  some  silver  have  been  obtsiined  ;  but  the 
product  at  present  is  not  very  large.  Salt  abounds  on  the 
Spokan  plateau,  and  there  are  many  thermal  and  medicinal 
springs.  But  at  present  the  principnl  mineral  product  is 
the  miocene  conl,  or  lignite,  of  Bellingham  Bay  and  Seattle, 
which  appears  also  at  many  points  in  the  tertiary.  This 
Bff"ords  abundant  fuel  of  fair  quality,  and  is  extensively 
mined  for  the  San  Francisco  market. 

Agriculture. — Eastern  Washington  is  an  admirable  region 
for  grazing,  and  some  of  its  prairie-lands  are  excellent  for 
agricultural  purposes.    Indian  corn  and  the  peach  ripen 


here;  but  the  summers  of  Western  Washington  are  hnnil 
warm  enough  for  them.  But  the  arable  lands  of  tlio  wui 
ern  section  are  of  unsurpassed  fertility.  The  ciionmii 
forest-growth  has  thus  far  interfered  somewhat  material i 
with  agricultural  progress.  Wheat,  barley,  oaU,  hay  (ii! 
apples  thrive  here  remarkably.  '     i 

Manufactures. — The  leading  manufacture  is  that  of  luii! 
her.  Several  species  of  pine,  fir,  cedar,  and  other  conilV 
ous  trees  afl"ord  immense  amounts  of  excellent  material  fd 
sawn  lumber  and  spars,  which  are  here  largely  procure.! 
— the  Puget  Sound  timber  being  well  known  in  uluiuj 
every  Pacific  port.     Some  ship-building  is  curried  on.       j 

Fisheries. — Canned  and  salted  salmon  are  importarl 
articles  of  export,  salmon  of  several  kinds  being  taken  !■ 
great  abundance.  In  the  streams  trout  are  very  numcruui' 
There  seems  to  be  an  cxhaustless  supply  of  herring  also  a' 
well  as  of  the  oulachon  or  candle-fish,  a  small  smelt  consist! 
ing  almost  entirely  of  oil  or  fat,  through  which  the  InJiani 
run  a  strip  of  bark  and  thus  exteiiiporizo  a  serviceabl ' 
candle.  Oysters  are  largely  shipped  from  Shoalwater  Bayi 
There  are  also  taken  the  rock-tish,  turbot,  sole,  and  fishcl 
called  perch,  cod,  and  bass,  but  not  closely  related  to  ihJ 
fishes  called  by  these  names  in  Atlantic  waters.  j 

Animals. — Various  species  of  deer,  bears,  the  mountain' < 
goat,  antelope,  and  many  fur-bearing  nninuils  are  lier({ 
found,  as  well  as  the  prairie-dog,  the  sewellcl,  and  othcil 
minor  rodents.  The  rattlesnake  and  many  harmless  rep  i 
tiles  are  found,  and  in  some  places  the  former  is  exceedingly; 
abundant ;  but  its  bite  (seldom  infiiuted)  is  not  hero  re-l 
garded  as  dangerous.  The  birds  and  most  of  the  small! 
animals  are  generally  of  species  quite  unknown  in  the  East.; 

Railroads. — In  1890  there  were  in  the  state  1999  milej  j 
of  railroad  in  operation,  belonging  principally  to  the  North- 1 
ern  Pacific  (which  has  its  western  terminus  at  Tacoma)  and 
its  several  branches  or  divisions.  | 

Government,  &c. — The  governor  and  the  principal  ex-  i 
ecutive  oflicers  hold  ofiice  for  four  years.     The  judges  are  j 
elected  by  the  people  for  a  term  of  six  years.     The  sessions 
of  the  legislature  are  biennial  and  limited  to  sixty  days.  ) 
Senators  are  chosen  for  four  years  and  representatives  for  i 
two  years.     The  state  sends  two  representatives  to  the  lower  \ 
house  of  Congress.     The  state  debt  is  limited  to  $400,000. 
Among  the  state  institutions  are  insane  asylums  at  Stella- 
coom  and  Medical  Lake,  a  soldiers'  home  at  Orting,  a  school 
for  defective  youth  at  Vancouver,  the  penitentiary  at  Walla 
Walla,  and  the  reform  school  at  Chehalis. 

The  Counties  are  34  in  number,  as  follows :  Adams,  Asotin,  ' 
Chehalis,  Clallam,  Clarke,  Columbia,  Cowlitz,  Douglas, 
Franklin,  Garfield,  Island,  Jefi"erson,  King,  Kitsap,  Kitti- 
tass,  Klikitat,  Lewis,  Lincoln,  Mason,  Okanogan,  Pacific, 
Pierce,  San  Juan,  Skagit,  Skamania,  Snohomish,  Spokane, 
Stevens,  Thurston,  Wahkiahkum,  Walla  Walla,  Whatcom, 
Whitman,  and  Yakima. 

Cities  and  Toivns.—'Ihe  chief  cities  are  Seattle  (pop.  in 
1890,  42,837),  Tacoma  (36,006),  both  important,  financial, 
and  business  centres  on  Puget  Sound;  Spokane  Falls,  in  the 
E.  on  the  Northern  Pacific  railroad,  with  extensive  water- 
power  (19,992);  Walla  Walla  (4709),  and  Olympia,  the 
capital  (4098).  Other  important  places  are  Port  Town- 
send,  Fairhaven,  Whatcom,  Vancouver,  Ellensburg,  Cen- 
tralia,  Snohomish,  Dayton,  <fec. 

Education.— Free  public  schools  are  established  by  law, 
and  conducted  at  an  annual  expense  of  about  $1,000,000. 
The  state  university  is  situated  at  Seattle.  In  1890  the 
legislature  provided  for  a  state  agricultural  college,  and  for 
normal  schools  at  Ellensburg  and  Cheney.  There  are  also 
a  number  of  private  and  denominational  institutions  in  the 
state.  . 

Indians.— There  are  nearly  8000  tribal  Indians,  on  nve 
reservations,  with  an  aggregate  area  of  4,0t5,284  acres. 
These  Indians  are  making  good  industrial  and  educational 
progress,  and  for  the  most  part  have  adopted  the  dress  of 
civilized  life.  There  are  also  many  Indians  not  upon  the 
reservations,  very  generally  engaged  as  laborers.  The 
Indians  are  of  many  minor  tribes  and  bands. 

Uislory.— This  state,  formerly  a  part  of  Oregon,  was 
organized  as  a  territory  in  1853,  and  received  its  present 
limits  in  1863.  In  1872  the  San  Juan  Islands,  which  had 
been  long  claimed  by  both  the  United  States  ind  .yfeat 
Britain,  were  awarded  to  the  former  by  Emperor  William 
of  Germany,  to  whom  the  dispute  was  referred.  WasD- 
ington  became  a  state  in  1889.  . 

The  population  in  1860  was  11,594;  in  1870,  23,955;  in 
1880,  75,116;  in  1890,  349,390. 

Washington,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Alabama, 
bordering  on  Mississippi,  has  an  area  of  about  loOO  square 
miles.     It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Tombigbee  Kiver, 


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d  is  partly  drained  by  the  Esoatawpa  River.  The  sur- 
56  is  undulating  or  uneven,  and  is  extensively  covered 
th  forests.  The  soil  is  sandy  and  poor.  Cotton,  Indian 
rn,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
intersected  by  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  and  East  Tennes- 
9,  Virginia  <fe  Georgia  Railroads.  Capital,  St.  Stephens. 
rt).  in  1870,  3912;  in  1880,  4538;  in  1890,  7935. 
Washington,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Arkansas, 
rders  on  the  Indian  Territory.  Area,  about  927  square 
iles.  It  is  drained  by  the  head-streams  of  White  River 
•id  those  of  the  Illinois  River.  The  War  Eagle  River 
uches  the  N.E.  part  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  hilly, 
lid  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  forests  of  yellow  pine, 
iestnut,  hickory,  white  oak,  red  oak,  wild  cherry,  <fec.  The 
11  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  cattle,  and  pork 
•e  the  staple  products.  Among  its  minerals  are  bitumino.us 
)al  and  a  sandstone  called  millstone  grit.  It  is  traversed 
/  the  Pacific  &  Great  Eastern  and  St.  Louis  &  San  Fran- 
^co  Railroads.  Capital,  Fayetteville.  Pop.  in  1870, 17,206; 
^  1880,  23,844;  in  1890,  32,024. 

■  Washington,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Florida, 
ordering  on  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  has  an  area  of  about  1340 
juare  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Choctaw- 
iitchee  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Holmes  Creek, 
he  surface  is  uneven  or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  inferior, 
ugar-cane,  cotton,  and  maize  are  the  staples.  Capital, 
Ternon.  Pop.  in  1870,  2302;  in  1880,  4089;  in  1890,  6426. 
'  Washington,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Georgia, 
as  an  area  of  about  688  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
pe  N.E.  by  the  Ogeechee  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the 
iconee  River.  It  is  also  drained  by  the  Great  Ohoopee 
tiver  and  Buffalo  Creek.  The  surface  is  partly  hilly,  and 
some  parts  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  For- 
its  of  the  ash,  hickory,  oak,  walnut,  magnolia,  and  other 
•ees  cover  nearly  half  of  the  surface.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
»rk,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has 
abundance  of  limestone.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Cen- 
of  Georgia,  Augusta,  Gibson  &  Sandersville,  and  San- 
■ersville  <fc  Tennille  Railroads.  Capital,  Sandersville.  Pop. 
|n  1870,  15,842;  in  1880,  21,964;  in  1890,  25,237. 
i  Washington,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Illinois,  has 
In  area  of  about  540  square  miles.  It  is  partly  bounded 
■n  the  N.  by  the  Kaskaskia  River,  and  is  drained  by  Beau- 
ioup  and  Crooked  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
nearly  level,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests 
'if  ash,  hickory,  elm,  white  oak,  black  walnut,  wild  cherry, 
■naple,  &c.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats, 
'^ay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  About  half  of  this 
,!Ounty  is  prairie.  Among  its  minerals  are  coal  and  lime- 
Hone.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad, 
che  Louisville  &  Nashville  Railroad,  and  the  Centralia  & 
bhester  Railroad.  Capital,  Nashville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
17,599;  in  1880,  21,112;   in  1890,  19,262. 

Washington,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Indiana,  has 
in  area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
N.  by  the  Muscatatuck  River  and  the  East  Fork  of  White 
River,  and  is  drained  by  the  Blue  River,  which  rises  in  it, 
and  tost  Creek,  the  course  of  which  is  partly  subterranean. 
iTho  surface  is  mostly  undulating,  and  partly  hilly.  The 
iSoil  is  fertile.  Forests  of  the  hickory,  oak,  maple,  walnut, 
'elm,  and  other  trees  cover  about  one-third  of  the  surface. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
;products.  Among  its  minerals  is  cavernous  limestone. 
■This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Louisville,  New  Albany 
&  Chicago  Railroad,  which,  entering  it  in  the  S.E.,  passes 
ithrough  Salem,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870,  18,495;  in 
'18S0,  18,955;  in  1890,  18,619. 

'  Washington,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Iowa.  Area, 
576  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Iowa 
(River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  English  River,  and  also 
[drained  by  Crooked  Creek  and  by  Skunk  River,  which  runs 
Ithrough  the  S.W.  part  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating, and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  good 
timber.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Among  the  forest  trees  are 
the  ash,  elm,  hickory,  sugar-maple,  white  oak,  and  black 
;walnut.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  and  pork 
jare  the  staple  products.  A  large  portion  of  this  county  is 
I  prairie.  Good  carboniferous  limestone  abounds  here.  It 
',  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific,  Bur- 
!  lington  &  Northwestern,  and  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  & 
I  Northern  Railroads.  Capital,  Washington.  Pop.  in  1870, 
18,952;  in  1880,  20,374;  in  1890,  18,468. 
»  Washington,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Kansas,  bor- 
;  dering  on  Nebraska,  has  an  area  of  900  square  miles.  It 
!  is  intersected  by  the  Little  Blue  River,  and  also  drained  by 
,  the  Little  Black,  and  by  small  aflHuents  of  the  Republican 
i  River,  which  almost  touches  the  S.W.  part  of  the  county. 


The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies 
and  groves.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay, 
oats,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Limestone,  sand- 
stone, fire-clay,  and  gypsum  are  found  here.  Salt  springs 
also  exist,  and  deposits  of  salt  are  found  in  the  central  and 
western  parts.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad,  the  Burlington  <fc  Missouri  River  Railroad, 
the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  and  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island 
&  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Washington.  Pop.  in  1870, 
4081  ;  i-n  1880,  14,910;  in  1890.  22,894. 

Washington,  a  county  of  Kentucky,  is  near  the  middle 
of  tfie  state.  Area,  about  300  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.W.  by  Chaplin's  Fork  of  the  Beech  (or  Salt)  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests  of  the  ash,  elm,  maple,  oak,  tulip-tree,  &c.  Tho 
soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  cattle,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  Limestone  of  good  quality  is  found 
in  this  county.  It  is  partly  traversed  by  the  Louisville  & 
Nashville  Railroad.  Capital,  Springfield.  Pop.  in  1870, 
12,464;  in  1880,  14,419;  in  1890,  13,622. 

Washington,  a  parish  in  the  E.  part  of  Louisiana, 
borders  on  Mississippi.  Area,  about  660  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  tho  E.  by  the  Pearl  River,  and  is  intersected 
by  the  Bogue  Chitto.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly 
level,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other 
trees.  The  soil  is  sandy,  and  produces  a  little  sugar-cane, 
cotton,  <fcc.  Capital,  Franklinton.  Pop.  in  1870,  3330;  in 
1880,  5190;  in  1890,  6700. 

Washington,  a  county  in  the  extreme  S.E.  part  of 
Maine.  Area,  2452  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  the  St.  Croix  River,  which  separates  it  from  New 
Brunswick,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  It  is 
drained  by  Denny's  River  and  the  Machias  and  East 
Machias  Rivers.  The  coast  is  indented  by  inlets  which 
form  good  harbors.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is 
diversified  with  numerous  lakes  and  extensive  forests  of 
pine,  ash,  beech,  oak,  and  other  trees.  Hay,  potatoes, 
butter,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products  of  the  farms,  and 
lumber  is  the  chief  article  of  export.  The  Maine  Central 
and  Canadian  Pacific  Railroads  pass  through  the  N.  part 
of  this  county,  while  the  St.  Croix  &  Penobscot  Railroad 
intersects  its  eastern  portion.  Capitals,  Calais  and  Machias. 
Pop.  in  1870,  43,343;  in  1880,  44,434;  in  1890,  44.482. 

Washington,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Maryland, 
bordering  on  Pennsylvania,  has  an  area  of  about  435  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Potomac  River, 
and  is  intersected  by  Antietam,  Coneeocheague,  and  Lick- 
ing Creeks.  The  Blue  Ridge  or  South  Mountain  extends 
along  its  E.  border.  The  surface  is  hilly  and  extensively 
covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian 
corn,  hay,  cattle,  butter,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
Among  its  mineral  resources  are  limestone  (Lower  Silurian) 
and  iron  ore.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Washington  County 
division  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  the  Cumberland 
Valley  Railroad,  the  Norfolk  <fc  Western  Railroad,  and  the 
Western  Maryland  Railroad.  Capital,  Hagerstown.  The 
Chesapeake  <t  Ohio  Canal  passes  along  the  S.W.  Border. 
Pop.  in  1870,  34,712;  in  1880,  38,561 ;  in  1890,  39,782. 

Washington,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Minnesota, 
bordering  on  Wisconsin.  Area,  400  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  St.  Croix  River,  and  on  the  S.  by 
the  Mississippi  River.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  little 
lakes  and  forests  of  the  pine,  o.ak,  ash,  and  other  trees.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  lumber,  oats,  butter,  Indian  corn, 
and  hay  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected 
by  the  St.  Paul  <fc  Duluth  Railroad,  the  Chicago  <k  North- 
western Railroad,  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Rail- 
road, the  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  &  Omaha  Railroad, 
the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Northern  Railroad,  and  the  Wis- 
consin Central  Railroad.  Capital,  Stillwater.  Pop.  in  1870, 
11,809;  in  1880,  19,563;  in  1890,  25.992. 

Washington,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Mississippi, 
has  an  area  of  about  880  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  which  separates  it  from 
Arkansas,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Sunflower  and  Black 
Rivers  and  Upper  Deer  Creek.  Small  lakes  are  scattered 
over  its  surface,  which  is  level  and  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  the  cypress,  oak,  hickory,  magnolia,  and  other 
trees.  The  soil  is  alluvial  and  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
cattle,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad  and  the 
Louisville,  New  Orleans  &  Texas  Railroad.  Capital,  Green- 
ville. Pop.  in  1870, 14,569:  in  1880,  25,367;  in  1890,  40,414 

Washington,  ^  county  in  the  E.S.E.  part  of  Missouri, 
has  an  area  of  about  780  square  miles.     It  is  drained  by 
Big  River,  the  Mineral  Fork,  and  small  aflSue"*"  "''  *•■'- 
Marameo  River,  which  touches  the  northwestei 


WAS 


2768- 


WAS 


the  county.  Tho  8urfiioo  is  hilly,  and  extensively  covered 
'with  forests  of  the  ash,  elm,  hicliory,  white  oak,  black  wul- 
nut,  and  other  trees.  Indian  corn,  oats,  graas,  lumber,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  mineral  resourees 
are  iron  ore,  lead,  copper,  and  limestone.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad. 
Capital,  Potosi.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,719  j  in  1880,  12,896;  in 
1890,  13,153. 

Washington^  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Nebraska, 
bordering  on  Iowa,  has  an  area  of  about  381  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Missouri  llivcr,  and  on 
the  S.W.  by  the  Elkhorn  lliver,  and  is  drained  by  liig 
Papillon  and  Belle  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating. 
The  soil  is  deep,  calcareous,  and  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian 
corn,  oats,  hay,  butter,  and  potatoes  are  tho  staple  prod- 
ucts. Sandstone  underlies  a  part  of  the  soil.  Tbe  greater 
part  of  tliis  county  is  prairie.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  &  Omaha  llnilroud  and  the 
Sioux  City  &  Pacific  Railroad,  both  of  which  communicate 
with  Blair,  the  c:ipttal  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  4452; 
in  1876,  6286;  in  1880,  8631;  in  1890,  11,869. 

Washington,  a  county  in  tbe  E.  part  of  New  York, 
bordering  on  Vermont,  has  an  area  of  about  861  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  Lake  George,  and  on 
the  W.  by  the  Hudson  lUver.  It  is  drained  by  the  lloosac, 
Pawlet,  and  Poultney  Rivers,  and  by  Batten  Kill  and  Wood 
Creeks.  Lake  Champlain  forms  part  of  the  eastern  bound- 
ary of  this  county.  The  surface  is  hilly,  Mount  Black, 
Mount  Ilope,  Mount  Palmerton,  Split  Rock,  and  Fort  Ann 
Mount  being  situated  in  the  N.W.  part  of  the  county,  and 
presents  picturesque  scenery  on  the  shores  of  the  narrow 
and  beautiful  lakes  above  named,  which  are  navigable  by 
steamboats.  Forests  of  the  beech,  elm,  hickory,  oak,  sugar- 
maple,  and  other  trees  cover  a  large  part  of  the  county. 
The  soil  is  mostly  fertile.  Hay,  butter,  potatoes,  oats,  fla.x, 
Indian  corn,  wool,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products. 
Silurian  limestone  and  slate  underlie  a  large  part  of  the 
soil.  Among  its  mineral  resources  are  iron  ore,  lead,  slate, 
and  water-limestone.  This  county  is  intersected  by  branches 
of  the  Delaware  &  Hudson  Railroad  system,  and  by  the 
Champlain  Canal.  Capital,  Argyle.  Pop.  in  1870,  49,568; 
in  1880,  47,871;  in  1890,  45,690. 

Washington,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  North  Caro- 
lina, has  an  area  of  about  360  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  Albemarle  Sound.  The  mouth  cf  the  Roanoke 
River  touches  the  N.W.  part  of  the  county.  The  surface  is 
level,  and  partly  occupied  by  swamps  and  forests  of  cypress, 
cedar,  and  other  trees.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  lumber,  and 
pork  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  partly  traversed  by  the 
Wilmington  &  Weldon  Railroad.  Capital,  Plymouth. 
Pop.  in  1870,  6516 ;  in  1880,  8928 ;  in  1890,  10,200. 

Washington,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Ohio,  bor- 
dering on  West  Virginia,  has  an  area  of  about  635  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  and  S.  by  the  Ohio  River, 
intersected  by  the  Muskingum  River,  and  also  drained  by 
the  Little  Muskingum  and  Duck  Creek.  The  surface  is 
diversified  with  verdant  hills  and  valleys,  and  forests  of  the 
hickorj-,  ash,  oak,  maple,  chestnut,  &b.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  tobacco,  hay,  butter,  cattle,  wool,  and 
oats  are  the  staple  products.  Bituminous  coal  and  petro- 
leum are  found  in  this  county,  and  tho  latter  is  one  of  the 
chief  articles  of  export.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Baltimore 
&  Ohio  Southwestern  Railroad,  the  Toledo  &  Ohio  Central 
Extension  Railroad,  and  tbe  Cleveland  &  Marietta  Rail- 
road, all  centring  at  Marietta,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
Pop.  in  1870,  40,609;  in  1880,  43,244;  in  1890,  42,380. 

Washington,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Oregon, 
has  an  area  of  about  645  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Tualatin  River  and  Dairy  Creek,  and  is  bounded  on  the 
N.W.  by  the  Coast  Range.  The  surface  is  partly  moun- 
tainous, and  mostly  covered  with  noble  forests  of  fir,  pine, 
Ac.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  hay, 
butter,  and  wool  are  the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  which  communicates  with 
liillsborough,  the  capital  of  tho  county.  Pop.  in  1870, 
4261;  in  1880,  7082;  in  1890,  11,972. 

Washington,  a  southwestern  county  of  Pennsylvania, 
bordering  on  West  Virginia,  has  an  area  of  about  890  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Monongahela  River, 
and  is  also  drained  by  Chartiers,  Raccoon,  and  Buffalo 
Creeks.  Tbe  surface  is  an  undulating  or  hilly  upland,  in 
which  the  streams  have  formed  narrow  valleys  or  deep 
ravines.  It  has  forests  of  the  hickory,  maple,  ash,  oak, 
tulip-tree,  &a.  The  soil  is  very  fertile  and  well  adapted 
for  grazing  purposes,  that  of  the  valleys  being  of  a  dark 
loam  and  rich.  Wool,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  wheat,  but- 
ter, cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prodactd.    Among  its 


manufactures  are  those  of  woollen  goods,  flour,  Ifnili,! 
furniture,  saddlery,  and  carriages.  Among  its  mineral  rl 
sources  arc  bituminous  coal  and  limestone.  This  county  I 
traversed  by  a  branch  of  tho  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Ruilrun  | 
and  by  tho  PenuHylvania  Railroad,  tho  PittKburg,  Cincii! 
nati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  lUilroa*!,  and  the  Wiiyntubur" 
Washington  Railroad,  all  of  which  communicate  with  \\un\ 
ington,  tho  capital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870  48  48' 
in  1880,  55,418;  in  1890,  71,165.  »      >    • 

Washington,  the  most  southern  county  of  Rhoi 
Island,  borders  on  Connecticut.  Area,  about  3-10  bouhi 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Narragansctt  Iky,  an 
on  tho  S.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean.  It  is  drained  by  tb 
Pawcatuck,  Wood,  and  Usquepaug  (or  Usquebaugh)  River 
The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  cov 
ere.d  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  oni. 
hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  ba 
extensive  manufactures  of  woollen  goods.  It  is  inlertccttn 
by  the  New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford,  New  York 
Providence  &  Boston,  and  Narragansctt  Pier  Railroads 
Capital,  Kingston.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,097 ;  in  1880,  22  49 
in  1890,  23,649. 

Washington,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  portion  of  Tenncs 
see,  has  an  area  of  about  344  square  miles.  It  is  boundei 
on  the  N.E.  by  the  Watauga  River  and  the  South  Fork  of 
the  Holston,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Nolachucky  River 
The  surface  is  partly  mountainous,  and  is  extensively  cov- 
ered with  forests  of  the  hickory,  chestnut,  sugar-mapIc, 
oak,  pine,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  ia  fer- 
tile. Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  Among  its  minerals  arc  iron  ore  and 
limestone.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  East  Tennes- 
see, Virginia  &  Georgia  Railroad.  Capital,  Jonesborougb. 
Pop.  in  1870,  16,317;  in  1880,  16,181;  in  1890,  20,354. 

Washington,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of 
Texas,  has  an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  Yegua  Creek,  and  on  the  E.  by  Brazos  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively  covered  with 
forests  of  the  live-oak,  hickory,  pecan,  red  cedar,  ash,  and 
other  trees.  Tho  soil  is  deep  and  very  fertile,  fruit  and 
vegetables  growing  in  great  abundance.  Cotton,  cattle, 
Indian  corn,  sweet  potatoes,  and  ])ork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Large  beds  of  hard  silicious  and  semi-transparent 
stones,  valuable  for  economic  purposes,  are  found  in  this 
county,  whence  they  are  shipped  in  large  quantities.  It  is 
intersected  by  the  Houston  <fc  Texas  Central  Railroad  and 
the  Gulf,  Colorado  &  Santa  F6  Railroad,  both  of  which 
communicate  with  Brenham,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
Pop.  in  1870,  23,104;  in  1880,  27,565;  in  1890,  29,161. 

Washington,  the  southwestemmost  county  of  Utah, 
bordering  on  Arizona,  has  an  area  of  about  2446  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Rio  Virgen,  an  affluent 
of  the  Colorado,  which  touches  tho  S.E.  extremity  of  the 
county.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  uneven,  and  consists  partly 
of  arid  table-lands.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  wool,  and  pota- 
toes are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  St.  George.  Pop. 
in  1870,  3064;  in  1880,  4235;  in  1890,  4009. 

Washington,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Ver- 
mont, has  an  area  of  about  703  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
by  the  Winooski  or  Onion  lliver  and  the  Waterbury  River. 
The  surface  is  diversified  with  beautiful  mountain-scenery 
and  extensive  forests  of  the  beech,  elm,  oak,  sugar-uiapio, 
pine,  and  other  trees.  This  county  comprises  a  part  of  tho 
Green  Mountains.  Among  its  prominent  features  is  a  peak 
called  the  Camel's  Hump,  which  rises  4088  feet  above  tho 
level  of  the  sea.  Tho  soil  is  fertile,  and  adapted  to  pastu- 
rage. Butter,  hay,  oats,  wool,  cattle,  maple  sugar,  and  i>o- 
tatoes  are  the  staple  products.  Quarries  of  slate  and  fine 
granite  have  been  opened  in  this  county.  Dolomite,  ser- 
pentine, and  verd-antique  marble  are  found  in  it.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Vermont  Central  Railroad,  and  partly 
traversed  by  the  Montpelier  &  Wells  River  Railroad,  both 
of  which  communicate  with  Montpelier,  the  capital  of  the 
county  and  also  the  capital  of  the  state.  Pop.  in  1870, 
26,520;  in  1880,  25,404;  in  1890,  29,606. 

Washington,  a  southwestern  county  of  Virginia,  bor- 
dering on  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of  about  622  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  North  and  South  Forks  of  the  Hol- 
ston River,  which  run  southwestward  through  long  and 
fertile  valleys.  These  are  separated  by  a  long  ridge  called 
Walker's  Mountain,  and  the  county  is  bounded  on  the  N.» . 
by  Clinch  Mountain.  The  surface  is  mostly  covered  with 
forests  of  the  white  oak,  sugar-maple,  hickory,  wild  cherry, 
chestnut,  Ac.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  cattle,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  mineral  resources  are 
gypsum,  Silurian  limestone,  and  salt.  Thick  beds  of  solid 
salt  occur  here.    This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Norfolk 


WAS 


27G9 


WAS 


Western  Uiiilroad,  whicli  passes  through  Abingdon,  the 
pital  of  the  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  16,816;  in  1880, 
1,203;  in  1890,  29,020. 

iWashington,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Wisconsin, 
^8  an  area  of  430  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
iilwaultee  lliver,  and  also  drained  by  the  Mequon  and 
jubicoD  Rivers.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level. 
he  soil  is  very  fertile.  Forests  of  the  ash,  hickory,  oali, 
gar-maple,  and  other  trees  cover  about  ono-tliird  of  the 
jrfaoe.  VVheat,  oats,  Indian  corn,  hay,  cattle,  and  butter 
the  staple  products.  Silurian  liuicstune  is  abundant 
I.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago  A  North- 
festern  Railroad,  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  and  the 
>icago,  Milwaukee  <fe  St.  Paul  Railroad,  the  first-named 
M  passing  through  West  Bend,  the  capital.  Pop.  in  1870, 
i,919;  in  1880,  23,442;  in  1890,22,751. 
iWashington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Hempstead  co., 
^k.,  about  115  miles  S.W.  of  Little  Rock,  and  14  miles 
jE.  of  Fulton.     It  contains  7  churches,  a  seminary  for 

E sexes,  and  a  newspaper  office.  Pop.  about  750. 
ashington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nevada  co.,  Cal.,  12 
I  from  Emigrant  Gap,  and  about  32  miles  E.N.E.  of 
I'ass  Valley.  Pop.  of  township,  638. 
iWashington,  a  township  of  Plumas  co.,  Cal.  P.  520. 
(Washington,  a  township  of  Sonoma  co.,  Cal.  P.  548. 
j|\VashiMgton,  a  township  of  Stanislaus  CO.,  Cal.  P.  281. 
(Washington,  a  village  of  Yolo  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  W. 
^k  of  the  Sacramento  River,  J  mile  from  Sacramento 
|y.     Pop.  of  township,  809. 

(Washington,  a  post-village  in  Washington  township, 
^tchfield  CO.,  Conn.,  1  mile  from  Washington  Depot  (which 
ijon  the  Shepaug  Railroad,  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Litchfield), 
lid  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Waterbury.  The  township  is 
iiersected  by  Shepaug  River,  and  presents  picturesque 
Anery.  It  contains  New  Preston  and  Washington  Depot, 
lid  has  quarries  of  white  marble.  Pop.  of  township,  1563. 
[Washington,  a  city,  capital  of  the  United  States, 
jmed  in  honor  of  George  Washington  in  1791,  is  located 
ithe  District  of  Columbia,  on  the  Potomac  River,  in  lat. 
ibservatory)  38°  53'  39"  N.  and  Ion.  77°  2'  48"  W.  from 
^eenwich.  It  is  itself  a  meridian,  and  many  of  our  niaiis 
likon  their  longitude  from  this  city.  Its  distances  from  the 
incipal  cities  of  the  United  States  are — from  Baltimore.  40 
lies;  Philadelphia,  136;  New  York,  226;  Albany,  376; 
iston,  432 ;  Detroit,  526 ;  Chicago,  763 ;  San  Francisco, 
i)ut  2000  (in  an  air-line) ;  St.  Louis,  856  ;  Cincinnati,  497  ; 
ittsburg,  223  ;  Richmond,  122;  Charleston,  544;  Mobile, 
:i33  ;  New  Orleans,  1203  ;  and  Nashville,  714. 
\Geiieral  Anpect. — Washington  is  situated  on  the  left  bank 
tthe  Potomac,  between  two  small  tributaries,  the  one  on 
1)3  E.  called  the  East  Branch,  and  the  one  on  theW.  called 
ick  Creek.  The  latter  separates  it  from  Georgetown.  The 
nn  of  the  city  is  unique,  and  everything  is  laid  out  on  a 
i.le  that  shows  an  anticipation  of  a  great  metropolis.  Its 
pt  extends  4i  miles  N.W.  and  S.E.,  and  about  2i  miles 
JE.  and  S.W.,  covering  an  area  of  nearly  11  square  miles. 
ie  city  was  planned  by  an  architect  named  L'Enfant. 
"fking  the  Capitol  Hill  for  a  centre,  he  laid  down  streets 
jrallcl  thereto,  and  in  due  lines  from  E.  to  W.  These  are 
fetinguished  by  letters, — the  street  immediately  N.  of  the 
Ipitol  being  called  A  Street  North;  that  immediately  S. 
\  the  Capitol,  A  Street  South,  and  so  on  through  most  of 
te  alphabet.  Another  set  of  streets,  running  from  N.  to 
li  intersect  the  lettered  streets  at  right  angles,  and  are  dis- 
iguished  by  numbers,  the  first  street  B.  of  the  Capitol 
Sng  1st  Street  East;  the  first  street  W.  of  the  Capitol,  1st 
^eet  West,  and  so  on.  The  city  is  supplied  with  the  great- 

t  abundance  of  water,  which  is  brought  from  the  Great 
lis  of  the  Potomac,  distance  some  15  miles,  by  a  conduit 
pich  passes  through  1 1  tunnels  and  over  6  bridges,  one  of 
pich,  crossing  the  Cabin  John  Creek,  is  a  beautiful  piece 
j  architecture,  being  of  white  marble,  with  a  single  arch 
I  220  feet  span.  The  supply  from  this  conduit  is  esti- 
Med  at  36,000,000  gallons  a  day. 

[Public  Buildings. — First  of  these,  in  architectural  merit 
id  in  point  of  interest,  is  the  Capitol,  situated  on  an  emi- 
jinoe  (looking  towards  the  W.)  of  72  feet  above  tide- water, 
td  consisting  of  what  is  known  as  the  Centre  Ca|)itol  and 
tensions.  The  centre  building,  which  is  of  freestone 
tinted  white,  was  commenced  in  1792,  when  the  corner- 
j»ne  was  laid  by  Washington.  The  extension,  of  pure 
(lite  marble,  was  commenced  in  1851,  under  President 
jllmore.  The  centre  or  original  Capitol  is  352  feet  long 
r  121  feet  in  depth ;  the  extension  comprises  two  wings, 
jch  238  by  142  feet,  with  connecting  corridors  44  feet  long, 
le  whole  building  is  751  feet  long,  and  covers  an  area  of 
1  acres.    A  rotunda  96  feet  in  diameter,  in  the  centre  of 


the  building,  is  surmounted  by  a  dome  of  iron,  upon  the  top 
of  which  is  Crawford's  bronze  statue  of  Liberty,  the  hea<i 
of  which  is  287  feet  above  the  basement  of  the  Ciipitol. 
This  rotunda  is  filled  with  historical  paintings,  such  as  The 
Declaration  of  Independence,  the  Surrender  of  General  Bur- 
goyne,  the  Surrender  of  Lord  Cornwallis,  and  General  Wash- 
ington Resigning  his  Commission  at  Annapolis,  all  by  Trum- 
bull; the  Embarkation  of  the  Pilgrims  from  Leydcn,  by 
Weir;  the  Landing  of  Columbus,  by  Vanderlyn;  the  Bap- 
tism of  Pocahontas,  by  Chapman;  and  the  Discovery  of  the 
Mississippi,  by  Powell.  Other  apartments  of  note  in  the 
Capitol  are  the  Senate  chamber,  in  the  N.  extension,  113 
feet  long  by  80  feet  wide,  with  galleries  for  spectators  ;  the 
hall  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  in  the  S.  extension, 
139  feet  long  by  93  feet  wide,  with  a  gallery ;  the  old  Senate 
chamber,  now  the  Supreme  Court  room,  in  the  central  build- 
ing ;  the  old  hall  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  now 
devoted  to  collections  of  historical  statues  and  paintings  ; 
the  library  of  Congress,  a  room  91  feet  long  by  34  feet  wide, 
with  wings  90  feet  long  by  30  feet  wide  (to  bo  superseded 
by  a  new  building),  containing  more  than  600,000  books. 
One  and  a  half  miles  N.W.  of  the  Capitol  is  the  President's 
House,  with  a  front  on  Pennsylvania  Avenue  of  170  feet 
by  86  feet  deep,  2  stories  high,  built  of  freestone  painted 
white,  and  surrounded  by  extensive  grounds.  Near  this,  on 
the  E.,  is  the  Treasury  building,  an  immense  edifice,  about 
600  feet  long,  by  200  feet  wide.  This  edifice  has  about  500 
rooms,  and  contains,  besides  the  accommodations  for  an 
army  of  clerks,  an  immense  engraving  and  printing  estab- 
lishment. Other  edifices  of  note  are  the  fine  building  W.  of 
the  President's  House,  composed  of  three  wings, — a  southern 
wing,  a  northern  wing,  and  an  eastern  wing, — in  which  are 
accommodated  respectively  the  State  Department,  the  War 
Department,  and  the  Navy  Department;  the  General  Post- 
Office,  fronting  E  street,  one  of  the  finest  edifices  in  Wash- 
ington, of  white  marble,  204  feet  long  by  102  feet  deep, 
and  containing  over  200  rooms  ;  the  Patent  Office,  between 
Eighth  and  Ninth  aiid  F  and  G  streets,  covering  an  entire 
square,  and  unsurpassed  by  any  structure  in  Washington 
for  extent  or  elegance,  if  we  except  the  Capitol ;  the  Smith- 
sonian Institution,  one  of  the  noblest  institutions  in  Wash- 
ington, with  a  structure  450  feet  long  by  140  wide,  built  of 
red  sandstone,  in  the  Romanesque  or  Norman  style,  em- 
bellished by  9  towers  from  75  to  150  feet  in  height ;  and 
the  Department  of  Agriculture,  a  spacious  brick  and  brown- 
stone  building  at  the  foot  of  Thirteenth  street,  with  alibrary 
and  museum,  herbarium,  and  greenhouses. 

Washington  is  also  the  seat  of  the  United  States  Nayal 
Observatory,  occupying  a  commanding  site  on  the  banks 
of  the  Potomac,  S.W.  of  the  President's  House,  and  of  the 
Government  Asylum  for  the  Insane  of  the  army  and  navy 
and  the  District  of  Columbia,  and  the  Soldiers'  Home  for  the 
•disabled  soldiers  of  the  regular  army.  Here  also  are  many 
noteworthy  institutions  of  learning,  including  Columbian 
University  (Baptist),  Georgetown  College  (Roman  Cath- 
olic), Howard  University  ( non-sectarian  and  open  to  both 
sexes,  regardless  of  color),  the  National  Deaf-Mute  College, 
the  National  University,  the  Catholic  University  of  America, 
and  the  American  University.  The  Arsenal,  on  Green- 
leaf's  Point,  is  one  of  the  chief  establishments  of  its  kind 
in  the  United  States,  containing  vast  stores  of  arms  and 
ammunition,  including  an  immense  park  of  artillery  of 
about  1000  pieces.  About  li  miles  N.E.  from  the  arsenal, 
and  the  same  distance  S.E.  of  the  Capitol,  on  the  East 
Branch,  is  the  navy -yard,  covering  about  30  acres,  and 
enclosed  by  a  wall.  Other  celebrated  institutions  are  the 
Corcoran  Art  Gallery,  founded  and  endowed  by  W.  W.  Cor- 
coran, and  containing  a  splendid  collection  of  paintings  and 
statuary,  and  the  Louise  Home  for  impoverished  ladies  of 
education,  also  founded  and  endowed  by  Mr.  Corcoran. 

Railroads,  dec. — AVashington  has  direct  communication 
with  the  N.  by  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  and  Baltimore  4 
Potomac  Railroads,  with  the  W.  by  the  Baltimore  <fe  Ohio, 
and  with  the  S.  by  the  Alexandria  &  Washington  Railroad, 
which  crosses  the  Potomac  on  the  celebrated  "  long  bridge." 
Ferry  steamers  run  regularly  to  Alexandria,  Va.,  and  other 
lines  of  boats  ply  hence  upon  the  Potomac. 

Ohjecta  of  Interest  in  the  Vicinity. — Fifteen  miles  S.  of 
Washington,  on  the  Potomac,  is  Mount  Vernon,  once  the 
home  and  now  the  tomb  of  Washington.  Thirteen  miles 
above  Georgetown  are  the  Great  Falls  of  the  Potomac, 
thought  by  many  to  equal,  in  wildness  and  picturesque  in- 
terest, any  in  the  country.  The  Little  Falls,  which  have  in 
all  a  descent  of  15  feet,  are  only  3  miles  above  Georgetown. 

Washington  contains  several  banks,  182  churches,  em- 
bracing nearly  all  the  denominations  known  in  the  United 
States,  and  offices  which  issue  4  daily  newspapers  and  50 


WAS 


2770 


WAS 


weekly  and  other  porioUicala.  (For  govirnment,  manu- 
factures, and  cuiiiiDorce,  see  Disthict  or  Columbia.)  The 
eito  fur  the  capital  was  chosen  at  the  original  suggestion 
of  Provident  Washington,  but  not  without  opposition.  The 
act  making  the  selection  was  passed  July,  17U0,  and  in  ISOO 
the  government  was  removed  thither.  In  1814  the  city  was 
taken  by  the  British,  when  the  Capitol,  President's  House, 
and  tho  library  of  Congress  were  either  wholly  destroyed 
or  greatly  injured  by  fire,  and  other  public  works  defaced. 

Population. — The  resident  population  of  Washington  in 
1870  was  109,199;  in  1880,  147,293,  of  whom  about  one- 
third  were  colored;  in  1890,  188,932;  of  the  district, 
230,392.  The  numbers  are  increased  during  the  sessions  of 
Congress  by  the  members  and  their  families,  and  visitors 
spending  tho  winter  or  a  portion  of  it  here,  for  the  purpose 
of  enjoying  the  society  and  gayoty  of  the  cnpital. 

Washington^  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wilkes  co.,  Ga., 
is  about  bb  miles  in  a  direct  line  and  70  miles  by  railroad 
W.N.W.  of  Augusta.  It  is  the  N.  terminus  of  the  Wash- 
ington Branch  Ilailroad,  which  connects  at  Barnctt  with 
the  Georgia  Railroad.  It  has  a  court-house,  ft  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  ofiice,  2  seminaries,  mineral  springs,  and 
manufactures  of  furniture  and  carriages.     P.  (1890)  2631. 

Washington,  a  post-village  of  Idaho  co.,  Idaho,  about 
100  miles  by  air-line  K.N.E.  of  I]ois6  City.  It  has  gold- 
mines. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  III.  Pop.  603. 

Washington,  a  city  in  Washington  township,  Taze- 
well CO.,  111.,  on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  <fc  Warsaw  Ilailroiid,  at 
its  junction  with  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  and  on  the 
Chicago,  Pekin  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  12  miles  E.  of 
Peoria,  and  21  miles  W.  of  El  Puso.  It  contains  a  news- 
paper office,  2  banking-houses,  6  churches,  a  graded  school, 
and  manufactures  of  carriages,  ploughs,  and  farming-im- 
plements.    Pop.  1301  ;  of  the  township,  2958. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Will  co.,  111.     Pop.  1564. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Ind.  P.  1846. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.     P.  1628. 

Washington,  township,  Blackford  co.,  Ind.    P.  1008. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Boone  co.,  Ind.    P.  1391. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Ind.    P.  2187. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  920. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1220. 

Washington,  »  township  of  Clarke  co.,  Ind.    P.  1357. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Clay  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1867. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Ind.  P.  1692, 

Washington,  a  city,  capital  of  Daviess  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Washington  township,  on  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad, 
19  miles  E.  of  Vincennes,  and  3  miles  E.  of  the  West  Fork 
of  White  River.  It  contains  a  court-house,  7  churches,  a 
national  bank,  1  other  bank,  2  or  3  newspaper  offices,  2 
woollen-factories,  2  flour-miljs,  a  foundry,  <fcc.  Coal  is 
found  near  this  place.  Pop.  in  1880,  4323;  in  1890,  6064; 
of  the  township,  9712. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind.  P.  510. 

Washington,  a  township  'of  Decatur  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
4591.     It  contains  Greensburg. 

Washington,  township,  Delaware  co.,  Ind.    P.  1190. 

Washington, a  township  of  Elkhart  co.,  Ind.  P.  1391. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Gibson  co.,  Ind,     P.  757. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Grant  co.,  Ind.    P.  1139. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  Ind.    P.  640. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Ilamilton  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
3590.     It  contains  AVestfiold. 

Washington,  township,  Harrison  co.,  Ind.     P.  1176. 

Washington,  township,  Hendricks  co.,  Ind.    P.  1502. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  Ind.  P.  960. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Knox  co.,  Ind,    P.  1537. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
2288,     It  contains  Pierceton, 

Washington,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.  P.  2439. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.  P.  1306. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Ind.  P.  990. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
S151.     It  contains  Martinsville. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Newton  co.,  Ind.  P.  983. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Noble  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  760. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.  P.  2547. 
It  contains  Spencer. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Parke  co.,  Ind.    P.  1213. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Pike  co,,  Ind,  Pop,  2363. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Porter  co.,  Ind.     P.  647. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Putnam  co.,  Ind.  P.  1843. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind.  Pop, 
2051.     It  contains  Lynn. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Ripley  oo.,  Ind.  P.  1206. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Rush  co.,  Ind.    P.  1148. 


Washington,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  Ind.  P.  l.i 
Washington,  a  township  of  SUirko  co.,  Ind.  P.  i 
Washington,  township,  Tippecanoe  co.,  InJ.  p.  ij 
Washington,  a  township  of  Warren  oo.,  Ind.  1',  12 
Washington,  a  township  of    Washington  oo.,  I; 

Pop.  4172.     It  contains  Salem. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.  P.  20 
Washington,  a  village  in  Clay  townchip,  Wayne  ( 

Ind.,  on  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  A  St.  Louis  lUilroiul 

miles  N.W,  of  Richmond,     It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  J 

The  name  of  its  post-oflice  is  Green's  Fork. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Whitley  oo.,  Ind.  P.  12 
Washington,  a  township  of  Adair  co.,  Iowa,  1'.  . 
Washington,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  Iowa.  P. : 
Washington,  a  township  of   A])]>anoo8o  co.,  1,, 

Pop.  1257  ;  or,  including  Mouiton,  2010. 
Washington,  a  township  of  Black  Hawk  oo.,  Io\ 

Pop.  445. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Bremer  oo.,  Iowa.    Pi 

848,  exclusive  of  Waverly. 
Washington,  township,  Buchanan  co.,  Iowa.  P.  61 
Washington,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Iowa.  P.  4. 
Washington,  township,  Chickasaw  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  7 
Washington,  a  township  of  Clarke  co.,  Iowa.  P.6 
Washington,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa.  V.  0 
Washington,  a  township  of  Dallas  co.,  Iowa.  P.  i 
Washington,  a  township  of  Dcs  Moines  co.,  loi 

Pop.  999. 
SVashington,  township,  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  9: 
Washington,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  Iowa.  Pi 

536,  excluding  Hampton. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  Iowa.  P.  7" 
Washington,  a  township  of  Iowa  co.,  Iowa.  V.  b'l 
Washington,  township,  Jackson  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  lOi 
Washington,  a  township  of  Jasper  co.,  Iowa.  P.  9. 
Washington,  a  township  of  Johnson  co,,  Iowa,  P.  8i 
Washington,  a  township  of  Jones  co.,  Iowa,  P.  7i 
Washington,  township,  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  12' 
Washington,  a  township  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa.  Pup.  9; 
Washington,  a  township  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa.  P.  14! 
Washington,  a  township  of  Luc:is  co.,  Iowa.  P.  101 
Washington,  township,  Marion  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  12; 
Washington,  township,  Marshall  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  i> 
Washington,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Io» 

Pop.  648. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Page  co.,  Iowa.  P.  5' 
Washington,  a  township  of  Polk  co.,  Iowa.  Pop, 71 
Washington,  a  township   of   Poweshiek  co.,  Io» 

Pop.  740. 
Washington,  township,  Ringgold  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  61 
Washington,  a  township  of  Story  co.,  Iowa.    P< 

827;  or,  including  Ames,  1647, 

Washington,  a  township  of  Taylor  co,,  Iowa.  P,  5'. 
Washington,  a  township  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Io« 

Pop.  794,  including  Bentonsport, 

Washington,  a  township  of  Wapello  co,,  Iowa.  P( 

898,  exclusive  of  Eldon. 

VKashington,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa.    Pc 

2143,  exclusive  of  Indianola. 
Washington,  a  city,  capital  of  Washington  co.,  loi 

in  a   township  of   the  same  name,  on  tho  Southweste 

Branch  of  tho  Chicago,  Rock  Island  k  Pacific  Railroad,) 

the  E.  terminus  of  the  Sigourney  Branch  of  the  san 

38  miles  W.S.W,  of  Muscatine,  28  miles  N.N.E.  of  Fai 

field,  and  28  miles  E.  of  Sigourney,     It  contains  about 

churches,  an  academy,  2  national  banks,  2  or  3  newspap 

offices,  a  machine-shop,  2  woollen-mills,  2  flouring-inii 

and  a  manufactory  of  farming-implements.     Pop.  in  18£ 

2949;  in  1890,  3235. 
Washington,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Iowa.  P.  80 
Washington,  a  township  of  Webster  co.,  Iowa.  P.  81 
Washington,  a  township  of  Winneshiek  co.,  low 

Pop.  1482. 
Wasliingtou,  a  township  of  Anderson  co.,  Lana 

Pop.  456. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  Kansas,  P.  87 
Washington,  a  township  of  Chautauqua  co,,  Kan»f 

Pop.  817.  „ 

Washington,  a  township   of  Crawford  co.,  Kanss 

Pop.  936. 
Washington,  a  township  of  Doniphan  co.,  Kansa 

Pop.  2045.     It  is  bounded  E.  by  the  Missouri  River,  ai 

contains  Wathena. 

Washington,  township,  Jewell  co.,  Kansas,  Pop.  i^ 
Washington,  township,  Nemaha  co.,  Kansas.  P.  •» 
Washington,  a   township   of  Republic  oo.,  Kansa 

Pop.  389. 


WAS 


2771 


WAS 


Washington,  a  township  of  Rico  co.,  Kansas.  P.  658. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Saline  co.,  Kansas.  P.  239. 
, Washington,  a  township  of  Wabaunsee  co.,  Kansas, 
pp.  347. 

I  Washington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Washington  co., 
iinsas,  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  on  Mill  Creek  and 
le  Central  Branch  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  20  miles  N.W. 
I  Watervillo,  and  22  miles  W.  of  Marysville.  It  has  a 
iwspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  a  church,  and  a 
knufactory  of  rubber  type-plates.     Pop.  in  1890,  1613. 

f Washington,  a  post-village  of  Mason  co.,  Ky.,  3^  miles 
V.  of  Maysville.     It  has  6  churches.     Pop.  653. 
kVashington,  a  post-village  of  St.  Landry  parish,  La., 
the  Courtableau  Bayou,  at  the  head  of  steamboat  navi- 
"tion,  6  or  7  miles  N.  of  Opelousas.     It  has  a  newspaper 

oe,  6  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  907. 

rge  quantities  of  cotton  are  shipped  here  in  steamboats, 

if  which  are  employed  in  the  trade  between  this  place 
d  New  Orleans. 

l>Vashington,  a  post-hamlet  in  AVashington  township, 
los  CO.,  Me.,  21  miles  N.W.  of  Rockland,  and  24  miles 

by  S.  of  Augusta.     It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures 

lumber  and  lime-casks.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1276. 
Washington,  a  station  on   the   Cumberland   Valley 
lilroad,  3i  miles  S.W.  of  llagerstown,  Md. 
Washington,  a  post-hamlet  in  Washington  township, 
irkshire  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad,  13 

les  S.E.  of  Pittsfleld.  Pop.  of  the  township,  603. 
Washington,  a  township  of  Grratiot  co.,  Mich.  P.  660. 
Washington,  a  post-hamlet  in  Washington  township, 
loomb  CO.,  Mich.,  on  the  Michigan  Air-Lino  Railroad,  5 
les  S.W.  of  Roineo,  and  30  miles  N.  of  Detroit.  It  has 
;)hurch.  Pop.  of  the  township,  2099. 
Washington,  a  township  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mich.  P.  431. 
Washington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn., 
i  out  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Rochester.  It  has  a  church  and 
jrist-mill. 

Washington,  township,  Le  Sueur  co.,  Minn.  P.  386. 
Washington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co.,  Miss.,  about 

miles  E.  of  Natchez.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  college  or 
ininary. 

Washington,  township,  Buchanan  co.,  Mo.  P.  3042. 
Washington,  a  township  of  Cedar  co..  Mo.  Pop.  978. 
Washington,  a  township  of  Clarke  co..  Mo.  P.  1316. 
Washington,  a  township  of  Clay  co..  Mo.  Pop.  2609. 
Washington,  a  township  of  Dallas  co.,  Mo.  P.  1470. 
Washington,  a  township  of  Daviess  co..  Mo.  P.  810. 
Washington,  township,  De  Kalb  co..  Mo,  Pop.  2029. 
Washington,  a  township  of  Douglas  co.,  Mo.  P.  213. 
Washington,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Mo.,  in 
ashington  township,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Missouri 
ver,  and  on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  55  miles  (by 
is  route)  W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  a  savings-bank,  2 
:  wspaper  offices,  a  high  school,  7  churches,  and  a  planing- 
ill.  Large  quantities  of  wheat,  maize,  pork,  Ac,  are 
iipped  here.  Pop.  about  1400;  of  the  township,  5614. 
Washington,  a  township  of  Grundy  co.,  Mo.  P.  1014. 
■Washington,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Mo.  P.  469. 
Washington,  a  township  of  Jackson  co..  Mo.  P.  2305. 
Washington,  a  township  of  Johnson  co..  Mo.  P.  2992. 
Washington,  township,  Lafayette  co..  Mo.  P.  2533. 
Washington,  township,  Mercer  co..  Mo.  Pop.  808. 
Washington,  township,  Monroe  co..  Mo.  Pop.  1512. 
Washington,  township,  Nodaway  co.,  Mo.  Pop.  1058. 
Washington,  a  township  of  Osage  co..  Mo.  P.  1591. 
Washington,  a  township  of  Pettis  co..  Mo.  Pop.  1753. 
Washington,  a  township  of  Ripley  co..  Mo.  P.  680. 
Washington,  township,  St.  Clair  co..  Mo.  Pop.  599. 
Washington,  township,  Webster  co..  Mo.  Pop.  1438. 
Washington,  a  post-office  of  Esmeralda  co.,  Nevada. 
Washington,  a  post-hamlet  in  Washington  township, 
illivan  CO.,  N.H.,  about  30  miles  W.  of  Concord.  The 
nrnship  is  drained  by  the  Ashuelot  River.  Pop.  of  the 
wnship,  839. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.    Pop, 
14.     It  contains  Paskaok  and  Norwood. 
Washington,   a  township   of    Burlington  oo.,   N.J. 
»p.  609. 

Washington,  township,  Camden  co.,  N.J.  Pop.  1567. 
Washington,  township,  Mercer  co.,  N.J.  Pop.  1294. 
Washington,  Middlesex  co.,  N.J.  See  South  Riveu. 
Washington,  a  township  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.  Pop. 
[84.  It  contains  Schooley's  Mountain  and  Gorman  Valley. 
Washington,  a  post-borough  in  Washington  town- 
ip,  Warren  oo.,  N.J.,  in  a  fertile  valley,  on  the  S.  side 

Scott's  Mountain,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Easton,  Pa.,  4 
Lies  S.  bj  E.  of  Oxford,  and  60  mile*  W.  of  Newark.     It 


is  on  the  Morris  <!;  Esse.x  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the 
Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  M'estern  Railroad,  and  on  the 
Morris  Canal.  It  has  4  churches,  2  large  hotels,  a  national 
bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  4  drug-stores,  several  lumber- 
yards and  coal-depots,  and  a  manufactory  of  pianos  and 
organs.     Pop.  in  1880,  2142;  of  the  township,  3594. 

Washington,  a  post-village  in  Washington  township, 
Dutchess  CO.,  N.Y.,  about  15  miles  N.E.  of  Poughkeepsie, 
and  1  mile  E.  of  the  Dutchess  &,  Columbia  Railroad.  It 
has  1  or  2  churches  and  about  25  dwellings.  The  town- 
ship contains  larger  villages,  named  Millbrook  and  Lith 
gow,  and  7  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2670. 

Washington,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Beaufort  co., 
N.C.,  is  in  Washington  township,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the 
Tar  or  Pamlico  River,  22  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Jamesville, 
about  33  miles  N.  of  New-Berne,  and  120  miles  E.  by  S.  of 
Raleigh.  Vessels  drawing  8  feet  of  water  can  ascend  from 
Pamlico  Sound  to  this  place.  It  h;is  a  court-house,  6 
churches,  and  2  newspaper  offices.  It  is  the  S.  terminus 
of  the  Jamesville  A  Washington  Railroad.  Pop.  in  1880, 
2462 ;  of  the  township,  4789. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Guilford  co.,  N.C.    P.  82.3. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Nash  co.,  N.C.     P.  2139, 

Washington,  a  township  of  Auglaize  co.,  0.     P.  840. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Belmont  co.,  0.     P.  1367. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Brown  co.,  0.    Pop,  1082 

Washington,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  0.     Pop.  740, 

Washington,  a  township  of  Clermont  co.,  0,  P,  2818. 
It  contains  Moscow  and  Neville. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  0.     P.  T250, 

Washington,  a  township  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.  Pop, 
2228.     It  contains  Salineville. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.    P.  768. 

Washington,  Crawford  co.,  0.   See  Nkw  Washinoto.v. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Darke  co.,  0.    Pop.  1537, 

Washington,  a  township  of  Defiance  co.,  0.    P.  1016. 

Washington,  a  city,  capital  of  Fayette  co.,  0.,  in 
Union  township,  on  Sugar  or  Paint  Creek,  and  on  the  Cin- 
cinnati &  Muskingum  Valley  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the 
Dnyton  <fe  Southeastern,  77  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati,  35 
miles  S.E.  of  Springfield,  and  27  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Circle- 
ville.  It  has  6  churches,  a  union  school,  2  national  banks, 
1  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers,  2  planing-mills,  a  wool- 
len-factory, Ac.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Washington 
Court-House.  Pop.  in  1S80,  3798 ;  in  1890,  5742.  It  is  on 
the  Ohio  Southern  Railroad. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Franklin  co.,  0.    P.  1334. 

Washington,  a  post-village  in  Wills  township,  Guern- 
sey CO.,  0.,  on  the  National  Road,  8  or  9  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Cambridge,  and  4  miles  N.  of  Campbell's  Station.  It  has 
5  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  steam  flour-mill,  and  a  saw- 
mill.    Pop.  554. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Hancock  co.,  0.    P.  1579. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Hardin  co.,  0.  Pop.  883 
See  also  Nouth  Washington. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  0.    P.  1098. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  0.     Pop.  1141, 

Washington,  a  township  of  Hocking  co.,  0,    P.  1534. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Holmes  co.,  0.     P.  1285. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Jackson  co.,  0.     P.  1133. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.    P.  1446. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Licking  co.,  0.     P.  1252. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Logan  co.,  0.     Pop.  812. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Lucas  co.,  0.    Pop.  1549. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Mercer  co.,  0.      P.  1148. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Miami  co.,  0.    Pop.  1305. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  0.     P.  1720, 

Washington,  township,  Montgomery  co.,  0.    P.  1758, 

Washington,  a  township  of  Morrow  co.,  0.     Pop.  916, 

Washington,  township,  Muskingum  co.,  0.     P.  1242. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Paulding  co.,  0.     P.  957. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Pickaway  co.,  0.    P.  996. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Preble  co.,  0.  Pop.  3414. 
It  contains  Eaton.  * 

Washington,  a  hamlet  in  Washington  township,  Rich- 
land CO.,  0.,  about  5  miles  S.  by  £.  of  Mansfield.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1496. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Sandusky  eo.,  0.  P.  2282. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Scioto  co.,  0.     Pop.  1085. 

Wasliington,  a  township  of  Shelby  co.,  0.  Pop.  1092. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Stark  co.,  0.    Pop.  1980. 

Washington,  township,  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.     P.  1113. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Union  oo.,  0.     Pop.  819, 

Washington,  a  township  of  Van  Wert  co.,  0.  P.  2241, 

Washington,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  0.     P.  1229, 

Washington,  a  township  of  Wood  co.,  0.     Pop.  1321. 

Washington,  township,  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.    P.  IJRO 


WAu 


2772 


WAS 


Washiiiffton,  a  township  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.    P.  1609. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Butler  oc,  Pa.     P.  996. 

Wusiiington,  a  township  of  Cambria  CO.,  Pa.  P.  1904. 

>Vii!!ihingtun,  a  township  of  Clarion  oo.,  Pa.  P.  1240. 

Wiisliington,  a  township  of  Dauphin  oo.,  Pa.  P.  1255. 

M'usliiiigtuu,  a  township  of  Erio  co.,  Pa.     Pup.  1943. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Fayetto  oo..  Pa.  P.  1005. 

M'ashington,  a  township  of  Franklin  co..  Pa.  P.  2.364. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Qrecne  co.,  Pa.  Pop.  765. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.  P.  1466. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  Pa.  P.  1124. 

Washington,  a  borough  in  Manor  township,  Lancaster 
CO.,  Pa.,  ou  the  Columbia  &  Port  Deposit  Hailroad,  and  on 
the  E.  bank  of  the  Susquehanna  lUvcr,  3  miles  below  Co- 
lumbia. The  river  is  nearly  2  miles  wide  at  this  place. 
It  contains  3  churches,  2  hotels,  a  graded  school,  a  steam 
saw-mill,  an  edge-tool  factory,  a  coach -factory,  and  a  plan- 
ing-mill.  Pop.  673.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Wash- 
ington Borough. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  Pa.  P.  612. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Lehigh  co..  Pa.    P.  2464. 

Washington,  township,  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.     P.  1122. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Northampton  co.,  Pa. 
Pop.  801. 

Washington,  township,  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.     P.  1313. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Snyder  co..  Pa.    P.  1541. 

Washington,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Washington 
CO.,  Pa.,  is  on  the  National  Road,  and  on  the  Chartiers 
Railroad,  which  connects  here  with  the  Wheeling  <fc  Pitts- 
burg 'Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  and  the 
Waynesburg  &  Washington  Railroad,  31  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Pittsburg,  and  32  miles  E.N.E.  of  Wheeling.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  9  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank, 
2  banking-houses,  a  female  seminary,  2  carriage-shops,  a 
broom-factory,  6  cigar-factories,  a  stove-foundry,  a  tan- 
nery, 2  woollen-mills,  and  a  steam  Sour-mill.  It  is  the  seat 
of  Washington  and  Jefferson  College  (Presbyterian),  which 
was  organized  in  1802  and  has  a  library  of  10,000  volumes. 
Three  daily  and  5  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 
Coal  is  mined  near  this  place,  and  large  quantities  of  wool 
are  exported  from  it.     Pop.  in  1890,  7063. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Westmoreland  co.,  Pa. 
Pop.  1416. 

Washington,  township,  Wyoming  co..  Pa.    Pop.  793. 

Washington,  a  township  of  York  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1444. 

Washington,  a  station  of  the  Hartford,  Providence  & 
Fishkill  Railroad,  14i  miles  S.W.  of  Providence,  R.I. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C.  P.  1025. 

Washin  gton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Rhea  co.,Tenn., 
on  the  right  (W.)  bank  of  the  Tennessee  River,  and  near 
the  Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad,  about  50  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Chattanooga.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a 
banking-house,  and  a  shoe-factory. 

Washington,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Brazos  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Navasota,  and  at  the  head  of  steamboat  navigation.  It  is 
6  miles  S.W.  of  Navasota  Station,  and  about  66  miles  N.W. 
of  Houston.  It  was  the  capital  of  Texas  when  that  state 
was  annexed  to  the  United  States,  in  1845.    Pop,  about  300. 

Washington,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  Utah, 
about  180  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Alanti.  It  has  a  church,  a 
cotton-factory,  and  a  woollen-mill.    Pop.  483. 

Washington,  a  post-village  in  Washington  township. 
Orange  co.,  Vt.,  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Montpelier.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1113. 

Washington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Rappahannock 
CO.,  Va.,  is  pleasantly  situated  at  the  S.E.  base  of  the  Blue 
Ridge,  18  miles  S.  of  Front  Royal,  and  about  110  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Richmond.    It  has  4  churches.    Pop.  about  300. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Door  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  401. 

Washington,  township,  Eau  Claire  co.,  Wis.   Pop.  720. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Green  co..  Wis.     P.  870. 

Washington,  township.  La  Crosse  co.,  Wis.    Pop.  922. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Sauk  co..  Wis.     P.  1093. 

Washington,  a  township  of  Shawano  co..  Wis.  P.  455. 

Wash'ington,  a  market-town  of  Oxford  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  river  Nith,  9  miles  N.  of  Drumbo.  It  contains  a 
Store  and  a  hotel.    Pop.  130. 

Washington,  a  region  of  land  in  the  Arctic  Ocean, 
discovered  in  1854  by  the  United  States  Expedition  under 
Dr.  Kane.  It  is  connected  to  Greenland  by  an  immense 
glacier,  which,  issuing  in  60°  W.  Ion.,  runs  nearly  due  N., 
presenting  a  face  300  feet  in  perpendicular  height. 

Wash'ington,  or  Uahuga,  oo-i-hoo'ga,  one  of  the 
Marquesas  Islands,  South  Pacific  Ocean.  Lat.  8°  56'  S. ; 
ion.  139°  33  W.  It  is  about  9  miles  long,  and  of  striking 
appearance,  forming  a  mountain  2430  feet  high. 


Washington   Borough,   Lancaster   oo.,  ?».     g-j 

Washington. 

Washington  Centre,  a  post-office  of  llarriron  eo.  M. 

Washington  College,  a  post-office  of  WnahinVu, 
CO.,  Tenn.    Here  is  the  Washington  Female  Collcgo. 

Washington  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alameda  co 
Cal.,  in  Washington  township. 

Washington  Corners,  a  hamlet  of  MorrU  oo.,  N.J 
4  miles  from  Morristown.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 
^  Washington  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Douglw  oo 
Kansas,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Lawrence  &  Western  Railroad  a 
Washington  Station,  6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lawrence. 

Washington  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  LitchflelJ  r.. 
Conn.,  on  the  Shepaug  Railroad,  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  Litoh 
field.  It  has  an  academy,  2  grist-mills,  a  maohineiliur 
an  Iron-foundry,  a  cigar-factory,  2  carriage-shops,  a  match 
factory,  Ac. 

Washington  Four  Corners,  a  hamlet  in  Waahing 
ton  township,  Dutchess  co.,  N.Y.,  4  mile  from  Millbrouk 
It  has  a  church. 

Washington  Gulch,  a  post-office  and  mining-cam 
of  Deer  Lodge  co.,  Montana,  40  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ik-lcna! 

Washington  Harbor,  a  post-hamk-t  of  Door  co. 
Wis.,  is  on  Washington  Island  and  on  Green  Bay,  about  ( 
miles  N.E.  of  Oconto.     It  has  a  church. 

Washington  Heights,  a  post-village  in  Calome 
township.  Cook  co..  III.,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  4  Pa 
cific  and  Columbus,  Chicago,  and  Indiana  Central  Railroiidf 
about  12  miles  S.  of  Chicago.  It  has  4  churches,  a  news 
paper  office,  a  graded  school,  a  female  seminary,  a  militar 
school,  and  a  carriage-factory.  Many  citizens  of  Chicaff 
reside  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  2283. 

Washington  Hollow,  a  post-village  of  Dutchess  eo; 
N.Y.,  on  the  W.  border  of  Washington  township,  10  mile 
E.N.E.  of  Poughkeepsie.  It  has  2  churches,  a  large  hotel 
and  the  buildings  erected  for  the  annual  exhibitions  of  th' 
Dutchess  County  Agricultural  Society. 

Washington  Lake,  a  township  of  Sibley  oo.,  Minn 
Pop.  851. 

Washington  Mills,  a  post-village  in  New  IIartfor< 
township,  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Utiea  division  of  thi 
Delaware,  Lackawanna  &  Western  Railroad,  64  miles  S.ol' 
Utiua.  It  contains  2  churches,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  manu 
factory  of  forks,  hoes,  &c. 

Washington,  Mount.    See  Mount  Washington. 

Washington  Place,  a  hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  N.J.,  1! 
miles  from  Chatham  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Washington  Plantation,  a  township  of  Franklii 
CO.,  Me.     Pop.  62. 

Washington  Prairie,  pra'ree,  a  post-village  in  Glen 
wood  township,  Winneshiek  co.,  Iowa,  10  miles  E.  of  De- 
corah.     It  has  a  church. 

Washington's  Crossing,  a  hamlet  in  Hopewel 
township,  Mercer  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Delaware  River  and  thi 
Belvidere  Delaware  Railroad,  opposite  Taylorsville,  Pa.,  U. 
which  it  is  connected  by  a  bridge.  Hero  in  the  winter  of 
1776  Washington  made  his  famous  passage  of  the  Delaware 

Washington  Station,  Ohio.    Sec  Samsonville. 

Washington  Village,  Rhode  Island.  See  Covk.vti- 

Wash'ingtonvilie,  a  hamlet  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J.,  i 
miles  from  Plainfield.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Washingtonville,  a  post-village  in  Blooming  Grove 
township,  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Otter  Kil  Creek  and  a  brancbj 
of  the  Erie  Railroad,  12  miles  S.W,  of  Ncwburg.  It  ha«  4l 
churches,  a  large  vineyard,  and  manufactures  of  wine,  ex- 
tracts, and  wagon-spokcs.     Pop.  about  450. 

Washingtonville,  New  York.    See  Mamaroneck 

Washingtonville,  a  post-village  of  Ohio,  is  on  the 
N.  boundary  of  Salem  township,  Columbiana  co.,  and  if 
partly  in  Mahoning  co.  It  is  on  the  Niles  &  New  Lisbon 
Branch  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  New  Lisbon,  and  about  5( 
miles  E.  of  Salem.  It  has  3  churches,  a  union  school,  ai 
foundry,  a  carriage-factory,  &c. 

Washingtonville,  a  post-borough  in  Derry  township,! 
Montour  co..  Pa.,  8  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Danville.  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  coach-factory.     Pop.  172. 

Washita,  Arkansas  and  Louisiana.    See  Ocachita. 

Wash'misker  Isles,  a  group  near  the  Saguenuj 
coast,  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence. 

Washoe,  wCsh-o',  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Nevada, 
borders  on  California.  Area,  about  5620  square  miles.  It 
is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  and  also  intersected  by  the  Truckce 
River.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  and  extensively  cov- 
ered with  forests  of  fir,  pine,  and  other  evergreen  trees.  Itj 
comprises  a  part  of  the  Sierra  Nevada  Mountains,  wito, 
some  fertile  valleys,  which  produce  barley,  oats,  grass,  Ac- 
Gold,  silver,  and  lumber  are  the  chief  articles  of  export. 


WAS 


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he  reported  value  of  the  silver  found  here  in  1870  was 
.M)0,000.    This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Central  Pa- 
rte Railroad.     Capital,  Reno.     Valuation  of  real  and  per- 
■nal   estate,  $2,397,300.     Pop.  in   1870,  3091,  of  whom 
)07  were  Americans;  in  1880,  5664. 
Washoe  City,  a  decayed  post-village  of  'Washoe  oo., 
evada,  is  on  the  Virginia  <t  Truckee  Railroad,  17  miles 
of  Reno,  and  14  miles  N.N.W.  of  Carson  City. 
Washoiigal,  Washington.     See  Parkebville. 
Washta,  w5sh'taw,   a  post-hamlet  of  Cherokee  co., 
)wa,  on  the  Little  Sioux  River,  about  17  miles  below 
lerokee. 

Washtenaw,  w5sh'te-naw,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part 
Michigan,  has  an  area  of  720  .«quare  miles.  It  is  inter- 
eted  by  the  Huron  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Raisin 
id  Macon  Rivers  and  the  East  Branch  of  Grand  River, 
0  Indian  name  of  which  is  Washtenong.  The  surfiice  is 
ululating  or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  For- 
ts of  the  hickory,  ash,  beech,  maple,  oak,  and  other  trees 
ver  nearly  one-ibarth  of  the  surface.  Wheat,  Indian 
rn,  hay,  wool,  oats,  cattle,  and  butter  are  the  staple 
oducts.  In  1870  this  county  produced  90fi,011  pounds 
wool,  and  more  than  any  other  county  of  the  state.  De- 
)nian  sandstone  underlies  a  large  part  of  the  soil.  This 
unty  is  intersected  by  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad 
id  the  Detroit,  Hillsdale  &  Indiana  Railroad.  The  De- 
oit,  Lansing  &  Lake  Michigan  Railroad  passes  through 
c  N.E.  part  of  it.  Capital,  Ann  Arbor.  Valuation  of 
al  and  personal  estate,  $33,499,038.  Pop.  in  1870,  41,434, 
whom  32,708  were  Americans;  in  1880,  41,848. 
Washtenong,  Michigan.  See  Grand  River. 
Wasigny,  vi'seen'yee',  a  town  of  France,  in  Ardennes, 
miles  N.  of  Rethel.  Pop.  of  commune,  1076. 
WasilkoAV,  a  town  of  Russia.  See  Vasilkov. 
WasUo'ja,  a  post-village  of  Dodge  co.,  Minn.,  in  "Was- 
a  township,  about  22  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Rochester,  and 
miles  S.E.  of  Faribault.     It  is  on  a  branch  of  the  Zum- 

0  River.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  seminary.     Pop.  324 ; 
the  township,  905.     The  township  is  intersected  by  the 

inona  &  St.  Peter  Railroad. 

Wasiugan,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Vasioogan. 
Was'key's  Mills,  a  post-olBce  of  Botetourt  co.,  Va. 
Was'kom  Station,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co.,  Tex., 

the  Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad,  19  miles  E.  of  Marshall, 
uch  cotton  is  shipped  here. 
Waslui,  or  Vaslui,  v.ls-loo'ee,  a  town  of  Roumania, 

Moldavia,  on  the  Berlat,  40  miles  S.S.E.of  Yassy,     Pop. 

60. 

Wasmes,  -^^m,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Ilainaut,  6 

iles  W.  of  Mons.     Pop.  8098.     It  has  coal-mines,  brew- 

ies,  flour-mills,  <tc. 

Wasmes  -  Andemetz  -  BriflfoDil,      ^am-&yd'mi'- 

jeef  ^ful',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Ilainaut,  7  miles  E.S.E. 

Tournay.  Pop.  of  commune,  11,714. 
Waspik,  wls'pik,  a  village  and  parish  of  the  Ncther- 
nds,  in  North  Brabant,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Breda.  P.  2550. 
fWas'saic,  a  post-village  in  Amenia  township,  Dutchess 
I.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  &  Harlem  Railroad,  85  miles 
',  by  E.  of  the  City  Hall,  New  York.  It  has  a  hotel,  an 
bn-blast-furnace,  a  condcnsed-milk-factory,  a  sash-  and 
lind-faotory,  <tc. 

jWassaii,  Marathon  co.,  W\s.  See  WAnsAu. 
Wasseiges,  <i-As^sivizh',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
id  35  miles  W.  of  Liege.  Pop.  1054. 
Wasselnheim,  Ms's§ln-hime\  or  Wasselonne, 
i.s's^h-lonn',  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  14  miles 
(.N.W.  of  Strasburg.  Pop.  3250,  or.  with  Brechlingen, 
J42,  who  are  employed  in  tanneries  and  in  the  manufacture 

1  woollen  and  cotton  yarn,  hosiery,  candles,  brandy,  oils, 
|ur,  and  pottery. 

W'assenaar,  wis's§h-n!\R\  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
hds,  province  of  South  Holland,  5  miles  W.  of  Leyden, 
Id  2  miles  from  the  North  Sea.     Pop.  3119. 
iWasserburg,  *is's§r-bo5RG\  a  town  of  Upper  Ba- 
iria,  on  the  Inn,  31  miles  E.S.E.  of  Munich.     Pop.  3633. 
tWasserleben,  ^is's^r-lA'bijn,  a  village   of  Prussia, 
jOvince  of  Saxony,  government  and  12  miles  W.S.W.  of 
lagdeburg,  on  the  Use.     Pop.  1507. 
fWasserols,  Prussia.     See  Krummenols. 
IWassertrildingen,  ^ia's^r-trUMing-^n,  a  walled  town 
Bavaria,  circle  of  Middle  Franconia,  on  the  Wernitz,  and 
i  a  railway,  19  miles  S.  of  Anspach.     Pop.  1743. 
tWassigny,   vls'seen'yeo',    a    village    of    France,    in 
tsne,  31  miles  N.  of  Laoo-     Pop.  1340. 
[Wassiougan,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Vasioogax. 
iWas'sonville,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  oo.,  Iowa,  on 
t  English  River,  about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Iowa  City. 


Was9otah,was-so'tl,  a  strong  hill-fort  ofSouth  India, 
20  miles  W.  of  Sattarah,  and  taken  by  the  British  in  1818. 

Wastedo,  wos-te'do,  a  post-village  in  Leon  township, 
Goodhue  CO.,  Minn.,  about  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Red  AVing. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Wast'water,  a  lake  of  England,  co.  of  Cumberland, 
parish  of  St.  Bees.  It  is  the  deepest  of  the  Cumberland 
lakes,  being  45  fathoms  in  depth  off  the  S.  shore. 

Wasnngen,  <V'l'soong-?n,  a  town  of  Saxe-Meiningcn, 
on  the  Werra,  5  miles  N.N.W.  of  Meiningen.     Pop.  2459. 

Wasungen,  a  town  of  Germany.    See  Wahunoen. 

Watab,  wah'tab,  a  post-hamlet  of  Benton  co.,  Minn., 
in  Watab  township,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Mississippi 
River,  and  on  the  Western  Railroad  of  Minnesota,  9  miles 
above  St.  Cloud.  Here  is  a  granite-quarry.  Pop.  22  j  of 
the  township,  69. 

Wataga,  wah-tah'g^,  a  post-village  in  Sparta  town- 
ship, Knox  CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  A  Quincy 
Railroad,  7i  miles  N.E.  of  Galesburg.  It  has  6  churches 
(in  two  of  which  the  Swedish  language  is  used),  a  graded 
school,  a  steam  grist-mill,  a  banking-house,  and  2  wagon- 
shops.     Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  734. 

Watanwan,  Minnesota.    See  AVatonwa.v. 

Watauga,  wi-taw'ga,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of 
North  Carolina,  bordering  on  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of 
about  450  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Watauga 
and  New  Rivers,  which  rise  in  it.  The  surface  is  moun- 
tainous and  mostly  covered  with  forests.  The  Blue  Ridge 
extends  along  the  S.E.  border  of  this  county.  The  soil 
produces  Indian  corn,  oats,  grass,  &a.  Capital,  Boone. 
Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $964,978.  Pop.  in 
1870,  5287,  of  whom  5286  were  Americans;  in  1880,  8160. 

Watauga,  a  township  of  Watauga  co.,  N.C.     P.  556. 

Watauga,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carter  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Watauga  River,  9  miles  from  Carter's  Depot.  It  has  2 
churches,  an  academy,  1  or  2  flour-mills,  <!kc. 

Watauga  Falls,  a  post-office  of  Watauga  co.,  N.C. 

Watauga  River  rises  in  the  Blue  Ridge,  in  Watauga 
CO.,  N.C,  from  which  it  passes  into  East  Tennessee.  It 
runs  westward  through  Carter  co.,  and  enters  the  Uolston 
River  about  10  miles  N.E.  of  Jonesborough. 

WatVhemo'ket,  a  post-village  of  Providence  co., 
R.I.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  Pawtucket  River,  at  its  mouth, 
about  1  mile  E.S.E.  of  Providence.     It  has  3  churches. 

Watch  Hill,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of 
Washington  co.,  R.I.,  in  Westerly  township,  on  the  At- 
lantic Ocean,  3  or  4  miles  S.E.  of  Stonington,  Conn.  It  is 
near  AVatch  Hill  Point,  a  bold  promontory  which  is  the 
southwestern  extremity  of  the  state  of  Rhode  Island.  It 
has  good  bathing-beaches  and  7  hotels.  Thirteen  light- 
houses are  visible  from  this  point. 

Watch^ung',  a  station  of  the  Montclair  &  Greenwood 
Lake  Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Newark,  N.J. 

Watee'o,one  of  the  Cook  Islands,  Pacific  Ocean.  Lat. 
19°  58'  S.;  Ion.  158°  6'  W.     Length,  8  miles. 

Waterborough,  wS.'t§r-biir-riih,  a  post-hamlet  in 
Waterborough  township,  York  co..  Me.,  on  the  Portl.and 
<fc  Rochester  Railroad,  28  miles  W.S.W.  of  Portland,  and  4 
miles  N.  of  Alfred.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 1548. 

Waterborough,  or  Fanjoy's,  a  post-village  in 
Queens  co..  New  Brunswick,  on  Grand  Lake,  lo  miles  from 
Gagetown.     It  contains  a  hotel  and  2  stores.     Pop.  100. 

Waterborough  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co., 
Me.,  2  miles  from  the  Portland  &  Rochester  Railroad,  and 
25  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Portland.    It  has  2  stores. 

Waterburg,  wi't^r-bilrg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tompkins 
CO.,  N.Y.,  11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Ithaca.  It  has  a  church,  a 
grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Waterbury,  wi't^r-b^r-e,  a  beautiful  city  of  New 
Haven  co..  Conn.,  is  pleasantly  situated  in  a  valley,  on  the 
Naugatuck  River,  33  miles  S.W.  of  Hartford,  21  milca 
N.N.W.  of  New  Haven,  and  88  miles  N.E.  of  New  York. 
It  is  on  the  New  York  <fc  Now  England  Railroad,  at  its 
junction  with  the  Naugatuck  Railroad.  Many  of  the  resi- 
dences are  remarkable  for  their  neatness,  and  are  adorned 
with  shade-trees,  flower-gardens,  and  shrubbery.  In  the 
central  part  of  the  town  is  a  fine  public  park,  from  which 
the  principal  streets  diverge.  On  the  border  of  this  park 
stand  the  now  and  elegant  city  hall  and  St.  John's  Episco- 
pal church,  the  latter  built  of  granite,  in  the  Norman  or 
Gothic  style,  with  a  spire  200  feet  high,  and  an  organ  said 
to  be  the  largest  in  the  state.  The  city  contains  8  churches, 
a  high  school,  several  other  fine  public-school  buildings, 
a  public  library  of  13,000  volumes,  a  boarding-school  for 
girls,  2  n.ational  banks,  the  capital  of  which  amounts  to 
$800,000,  3  other  banking-houses,  a  scientific  "ocicty,  and 


WAT 


2774 


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printing-offices  which  issue  3  daily  and  3  weekly  news- 
papers. Watorbury  has  long  been  distinguished  for  its 
varied  and  extensive  innnufuRturcs,  which,  nccording  to 
the  census  returns  of  ISDO,  employ  a  capital  of  $14,038,476, 
with  an  annual  -product  valued  at  $15,602,684.  It  has  a 
number  of  rolling-mills,  foundries,  button-factories,  clock- 
factories,  and  extensive  manufactures  of  brass  kettles,  pins, 
wire,  files,  suspenders,  machinery,  silver-plated  ware,  and 
pearl  goods.  It  is  stated  that  three-fifths  of  the  brass  manu- 
factured in  the  United  States  is  made  here.  About  1U,000 
persons  nre  employed  in  the  manufactories  of  Watorbury. 
Pop.  in  1870,  10,826;  in  1880,  17,806;  in  1890,  28,646. 

Waterbury^  a  post-office  and  station  of  Anno  Arundel 
CO.,  Md.,  on  the  Annapolis  &  Elk  Kidge  Railroad,  tt  miles 
N.W.  of  Annapolis. 

Waterbury,  a  post-village  in  Watorbury  township, 
Washington  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Winooski  Uiver  and  the  Ver- 
mont Central  Railroad  (Central  division), 11  miles  W.N.AV. 
of  Montpclior,  and  31  miles  E.S.E.  of  Burlington.  It  is  in 
the  midst  of  fine  mountain-scenery,  and  has  4  churches,  a 
national  bank,  a  good  hotel,  and  the  Green  Mountain  Insti- 
tute. The  township  is  traversed  by  the  Waterbury  River. 
Pop.  of  the  village  in  1880,  756;  of  the  township,  2297. 

Waterbury  Centre,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co., 
Vt.,  in  Waterbury  township,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Montpelier. 
Pop.  254. 

Water  Care,  Beaver  co.,  Pa.    See  Phillipsburo. 

Wat'erdown,  a  post-village  in  Wentworth  co.,  On- 
tario, on  the  Great  AVestcrn  Railway,  7  miles  N.  of  Uam- 
ilton,  and  35  miles  S.W.  of  Toronto.  It  contains  5  churches, 
a  grammar-school,  a  woollen-factory,  an  iron-foundry,  and 
several  hotels,  stores,  and  mills.     Pop.  1000. 

Wat^eree',  a  township  of  Kershaw  co.,  S.C.     P.  3657. 

Wateree,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richland  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
Watereo  River  and  the  Wilmington,  Columbia  &  Augusta 
Railroad,  28  miles  E.S.E.  of  Columbia. 

Wateree  River  rises  in  North  Carolina,  and  is  called 
the  Catawba  in  the  upper  part  of  its  course.  It  runs  nearly 
southward,  forms  Che  E.  boundary  of  Chester,  Fairfield,  and 
Richland  cos.,  and  unites  with  the  Congaree  River  at  the 
S.W.  extremity  of  Sumter  co.,  to  form  the  Santee  River. 
Steamboats  can  ascend  the  Wateree  to  Camden. 

Wat'erfall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Prince  William  co.,  Va., 
4  miles  E.  of  Hay  Market.  It  has  a  church  and  a  grist- 
mill. 

Wat'erford,  a  maritime  county  of  Ireland,  Munster, 
on  its  S.  coast,  having  E.  Waterford  Harbor,  separating  it 
from  the  co.  of  Wexford,  W.  the  co.  of  Cork,  and  N.  the 
cos.  of  Tipperary  and  Kilkenny,  from  both  of  which  it  is 
sepai-ated  by  the  Suir.  Area,  721  square  miles.  Pop. 
123,310.  The  Knockmeledown  and  Commeragh  Mountains 
intersect  the  county  from  W.  to  E.,  and  most  of  the  surface 
is  mountainous,  though  there  is  level  land  along  the  rivers 
and  skirting  the  coast,  which  is  indented  by  Tramore,  Dun- 
garvan,  and  Youghal  Harbors.  This  is  the  principal  dairy 
county  of  Ireland.  Bacon  and  butter  are  the  chief  ex- 
ports. Lead,  iron,  and  copper  are  met  with,  but  few  if  any 
mines  are  now  wrought.  Limestone  and  marble  are  the 
chief  mineral  products.  The  fisheries  are  important.  Some 
glass-wares  are  manufactured,  and  it  has  cotton-  and  silk- 
factories.  Waterford,  Lismore,  Dungarvan,  Portia w.  Tal- 
low, and  Cappoquin  are  the  principal  towns.  The  county 
sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Waterford,  a  city  and  county,  parliamentary  borough, 
and  seaport  of  Ireland,  capital  of  a  county,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Suir,  which  forms  its  harbor,  and  is  lined  by  a 
fine  quay  about  1  mile  in  length,  and  crossed  by  a  bridge 
832  feet  in  length,  connecting  it  with  its  suburb  Ferrybank, 
9  miles  from  the  sea.  Pop.  23,349.  The  principal  public 
buildings  are  the  cathedral,  bishop's  palace,  deanery  house, 
two  parish  churches,  the  Roman  Catholic  cathedral,  5  Roman 
Catholic  chapels,  the  College  of  St.  John,  several  Protestant 
churches,  the  town  hall,  chamber  of  commerce,  county  and 
city  prisons,  court-houses,  artillery  barracks,  custom-house, 
the  blue-coat  schools,  several  hospitals,  the  district  lunatic 
asylum,  and  the  savings-bank.  Among  the  public  establish- 
ments are  a  house  of  industry,  mendicity  institution,  several 
orphan  societies,  the  Waterford  Institution,  with  a  library 
and  museum,  and  literary,  scientific,  agricultural,  and  hor- 
ticultural societies.  Waterford  is  the  entrepOt  for  a  large 
extent  of  country,  the  exports  of  which  chiefly  consist  of 
bacon,  live-stock,  dairy  and  .agricultural  produce,  salmon, 
and  cotton  goods.  Waterford  has  2  ship-building  yards, 
and  manufactures  of  glass  and  starch,  with  distilleries  and 
breweries.    It  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Wat'erford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stanislaus  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Tuolumne  River,  about  16  miles  E.  of  Modesto. 


Waterford,  a  post-hamlet  of  New  London  co   c 
in  Waterford  township,  on  Long  Island  Sound,  ani!  „J' ' 
Shore  Lino  division  of  the  Now  York,  Now  Haven  A  1  " 
ford   Railroad,  3  miles  S.W.  of  New  London.    It  h 
naper-mill.    The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  \,\ 
Thames  River.     Pop.  of  the  township,  in  1880,  2701 

Waterford,  a  township  of  Fulton  co..  111.    p,,,,  ,, 

Waterford,  Elkhart  co.,  Ind.    SeeWATEiiroiti'.M  f, 

Waterford,  a  post-hamlct  of  La  I'ortc  co.  liiilL; 
Cool  Spring  township,  on  a  railroad,  3  or  4  mllo«'N.\\ 
La  Porte.     It  has  a  cliurch. 

Waterford,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  Iowa.    p.  . 

Waterford,  a  hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Iowa  ou 
Maquoketa  River,  about  32  miles  S.  of  Dubuque. ' 

Waterford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Spencer  co.,Ky.,  26i 
S.E.  of  Louisville.     It  has  2  churcncs. 

Waterford,  a  post-village  in  Waterford  township,  i. 
ford  CO.,  Me.,  on  a  small  lake,  about  46  miles  N.X.wif 
Portland,  and  30  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Lcwiston.    It  h. 
church  and  a  tannery.     The  township  contains  also 
villages  of  North  Waterford  and  South  Waterford.    ; 
of  the  township,  1286. 

Waterford,   a  post-village    in   Waterford  towni 
Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Detroit  &  Milwaukee  RailrL 
33  miles  N.N.W.  of  Detroit,  and  6  or  7  miles  N.W,  of  l|. 
tiac.     It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages 
flour.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1231. 

Waterford,  Wayne  co.,  Mich.    See  Mkad's  Mim  • 

Waterford,  a  post-hamlet  in  Waterford  townsliiii, 
kota  CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  Cannon  River,  and  on  the  Chic:!. 
Milwaukee  <t  St.  Paul  Railroad,  15  or  16  miles  N.X.Ef 
Faribault.     Pop.  of  the  township,  403. 

Waterford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  Misi.  % 
the  Mississippi  Central  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Holly  Sprit . 

Waterford,  a  township  of  Camden  co.,  N.J.    P.  2( ! 

Waterford,  or  Waterford  Works,  a  post-hamle  f 
Camden  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Camden  &  Atlantic  Railroad) 
miles  S.E.  of  Camden.     It  has  a  glass-factory.    Pop.  3.' 

Waterford,  a  post-village  in  Waterford  towwl, 
Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Hudson  Ri', 
1  mile  above  the  mouth  of  the  Mohawk,  and  on  the  R(. 
Eclaer  &  Saratoga  Railro.ad  and  the  Champlain  Canal,  i| 
miles  N.  of  Albany,  and  about  2  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cob*. 
A  bridge  across  the  Hudson  connects  this  place  with  L' 
singburg.  Waterford  contains  6  churches,  a  union  wh', 
a  bank,  a  newspaper  ofiice,  flour-mills,  3  knitting-null; I 
paper-mills,  a  brush-factory,  and  manufactures  of  Cre-I> 
gines,  boilers,  soap,  <fec.  P.  (1880)  1822;  of  township,  43 
The  township  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Mohawk  Ri» 

Waterford,  Knox  co.,  0.    See  Leveiu.no. 

Waterford,  a  post-township  of  Washington  co., 
about  15  miles  N.AV.  of  Marietta,  is  intersected  by 
Muskingum  River.     It  contains  the  village  of  Beverly,^ 
a  hamlet  named  Waterford,  which  is  20  miles  by  water  fr 
Marietta.     Pop.  2046. 

Waterfora,  a  post-borough  in  Waterford  townsb 
Erie  co..  Pa.,  on  Le  Boeuf  Creek,  1  mile  W.  of  Waterfr 
Station  of  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie  R.ailroad,  15  miles  S.S 
of  Erie,  and  18  miles  W.  of  Corry.  It  contains  4  church 
a  high  school,  an  academy,  a  bank,  a  cheese-factory,  2  Bte 
tanneries,  a  steam  grist-mill,  1  or  2  saw-mills,  and  a  mai 
factory  of  butter-firkins.     Pop.  790;  of  township,  1884, 

Waterford,  Juniata  co.,  Pa.    See  East  WAiKiiroRi 

Waterford,  a  village  in  North  Smithfield  townsh 
Providence  co.,  R.I.,  at  the  junction  of  the  Providence 
Worcester  Railroad  and  the  New  York  <fc  New  Engla 
Railroad,  adjacent  to  the  village  of  Blackstono.  It  bu 
woollen-mills. 

Waterford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Caledonia  co.,  Vt, 
Waterford  township,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  14  mil 
S.E.  of  St.  Johnsbury.     The  Passumpsic  Railroad  tr.^ven 
the  W.  part  of  the  township.     Pop.  of  the  township,  87f 

Waterford,  a  post-village  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va.,  on  K: 
toctan  Creek,  3J  miles  from  Clark's  Gap  Station.  It  haij 
churches,  a  carriage-shop,  and  1  or  2  flour-mills.    P.  41t! 

Waterford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wahkiakum  co.,  Was 
ington,  on  the  Columbia  River,  20  miles  below  K»laBi 
It  has  a  factory  for  canning  salmon. 

Waterford,  a  post-village  in  AVaterford  townshi 
Racine  co..  Wis.,  on  Fox  River,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Milwa 
kee,  and  about  22  miles  W.  of  Racine.  It  has  valuab 
water-power,  and  contains  3  churches,  2  or  3  flouring-milli 
a  newspaper  office,  a  carriage-shop,  and  a  furniture-factor 
Pon.  545  ;  of  the  township,  1514. 

Waterford,  a  hamlet  in  Digby  co..  Nova  Scotia,  ( 
Digby  Neck,  12  miles  from  Digby.    Pop.  150. 

Waterford,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk  co.,  Ontario,  t 


WAT 


2775 


WAT 


anticoke  Creek,  and  on  the  Canada  Southern  Railway,  29 
liles  W.  of  CanfielJ.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  printing- 
ce  issuing  a  weekly  newspaper,  an  iron-foundry,  several 
lills,  and  a  number  of  stores.     Pop.  900. 

Waterford  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Elkhart  co.,  Ind., 
ji  the  Elkhart  River,  and  on  the  Cincinnati,  Wabash  A 
licbigan  Railroad,  .3  miles  S.  of  Goshen.  It  has  a  flour- 
lill,  3  churches,  and  about  35  houses. 

Water  Gap,  Pa.    See  Delaware  Water  Gap. 

Wateringbury,  wS,'t?r-ing-b§r-e,  a  parish  and  formerly 

market-town  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  with  a  station  on 
le  Southeastern  Railway,  6  miles  W.S.W.  of  Maidstone, 
op.  1320. 

Wateringen,  wi't^r-ing^n,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
inds,  province  of  South  Holland,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Rotter- 
im.     Pop.  1550. 

Waterland,  w4't?r-lint\  a  district  of  the  Netherlands, 
I  North  Holland,  between  Amsterdam  and  Alkmaar. 

Wat'erland,  a  group  of  islets  in  the  Pacifio  Ocean, 
etweon  the  Solomon  Islands  and  Australia. 

Water  Lick,  a  station  in  Warren  co.,  Va.,  on  the  Mid- 
ind  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  Front  Royal. 

Waterloo,  wiH^r-loo'  (Dutch,  pron.  MH^r-lo'),  a  vil- 
igeof  Belgium,  province  of  South  Brabant,  9  miles  S.S.E. 
f  Brussels,  famous  for  the  victory  of  the  allied  armies, 
ommanded  by  the  Duke  of  AVellington,  over  the  French, 
pmmanded  by  Napoleon,  June  18,  1815.  On  the  field  of 
iattle  is  an  artificial  mound,  425  feet  in  diameter  at  its 
lase,  and  about  150  feet  high,  sarmounted  by  s  colosisal 
eelgic  lion  of  cast  iron. 

Waterloo,  wi't(?r-loo',  a  post-village  of  Lauderdale  co., 
[lla.,  on  the  Tennessee  River,  26  miles  W.N.W.  of  Florence. 

It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  pine  lumber.  Pop. 
bout  250. 
Waterloo,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Monroe  co..  111.,  in 
'ountain  township,  on  the  Cairo  <!k  St.  Louis  Railroad,  24 
liles  S.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.  It  has  a  court-house,  2  news- 
paper offices,  a  graded  school,  4  churches,  a  large  flour- 
Qill,  a  plough-factory,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  1802. 

Waterloo,  a  post-village  in  Union  township,  De  Kalb 
o.,  Ind.,  on  Cedar  Creek,  and  on  the  Fort  Wayne,  Jackson 
i  Saginaw  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Air-Line  division 
f  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  28  miles 
L  by  E.  of  Fort  Wayne,  and  13  miles  E.  of  Kendallville. 
[t  contains  6  churches,  2  banks,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded 
chool,  2  hotels,  and  manufactures  of  candy,  carriages,  sash, 
loors,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  1376. 

Waterloo,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  671. 

Waterloo,  a  township  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa.     P.  860. 

Waterloo,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Black  Hawk  co.,  Iowa, 
8  situated  on  both  sides  of  the  Cedar  River,  6  miles  E.S.E. 
if  Cedar  Falls,  31  miles  N.N.W.  of  Vinton,  and  24  miles 
iV.  of  Independence.  It  is  on  the  Iowa  division  of  the 
[llinois  Central  Railroad,  and  on  the  Burlington,  Cedar 
Elapids  <fc  Northern  Railroad.  It  contains  10  churches,  a 
Sourt-house,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  1  other  bank- 
ing-house, a  high  school,  3  newspaper  offices,  9  elevators, 

flouring-raills,  2  foundries,  a  woollen-mill,  and  manu- 
"actures  of  farming-implements,  furniture,  <fec.  It  is  the 
i.  terminus  of  the  Cedar  Falls  &  Minnesota  Branch  of 
;he  Illinois  Central  Railroad.  The  river  is  here  nearly  600 
feet  wide,  and  afi"ords  valuable  water-power.  Pop.  in  1880, 
5630  ;  of  Waterloo  township,  2983. 

Waterloo,  a  township  of  Lyon  co.,  Kansas.    Pop.  767. 

M'aterloo,  a  post-office  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ky. 

Waterloo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Point  Couple  parish,  La., 
m  the  W.  bank  of  the  Mississippi  River,  about  5  miles 
ibove  Port  Hudson,  and  25  miles  above  Baton  Rouge.  It 
las  a  church. 

Waterloo,  a  post-hamlet  in  Waterloo  township,  Jack- 
ion  CO.,  Mich.,  on  Portage  Creek,  about  16  miles  E.N.E.  of 
faekson.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  flouring-mill.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1327. 

Waterloo,  a  hamlet  of  Clarke  eo..  Mo.,  on  Fox  River, 
ibout  16  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Keokuk,  Iowa. 

Waterloo,  a  post-office  of  Lafayette  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Wyandotte,  Kansas  City  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  32  miles 
E.  of  Kansas  City. 

Waterloo,  a  post-village  of  Douglas  co.,  Neb.,  on  the 
Elkhorn  River,  and  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  31  miles 
W.  of  Omaha.  It  has  1  or  2  churches,  2  flouring-mills, 
and  a  high  school. 

j  Waterloo,  a  station  in  Merrimack  co.,  N.H.,  in  War- 
ner township,  on  the  Concord  &  Claremont  Railroad,  21 
Imiles  W.  of  Concord. 

I  M'aterloo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Slorris  &  Essex  Railroad,  at  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Sussex 


Railroad,  13  miles  W.  of  Dover,  and  11  miles  S.of  Newton. 
It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Waterloo,  a  post-village,  one  of  the  capitals  of  Seneca 
CO.,  N.Y.,  is  pleasantly  situated  on  both  sides  of  the  outlet 
of  Seneca  Lake,  and  on  the  Auburn  Branch  of  the  New 
York  Central  Railroad,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Geneva,  3  miles  W. 
of  Seneca  Falls,  and  19  miles  W.  of  Auburn.  It  contains  a 
handsome  court-house,  7  churches,  a  union  school  or  acad- 
emy, a  national  bank,  a  public  hall,  3  flouring-mills,  a  large 
manufactory  of  woollen  shawls,  4  malt-houses,  a  distillery, 
several  machine-shops  and  foundries,  and  printing-offices 
which  issue  1  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers.  The  Seneca 
outlet  affords  extensive  water-power  here.     Pop.  4086. 

Waterloo,  a  hamlet  of  Granville  co.,  N.C.,  about  50 
miles  N.  of  Raleigh. 

Waterloo,  a  township  of  Athens  co.,  0.     Pop.  1695. 

Waterloo,  a  village  of  Fairlield  co.,  0  ,  on  the  Ohio 
Canal  and  the  Columbus  &  Hocking  Valley  Railroad,  about 
16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Columbus.     Pop.  262. 

Waterloo,  Fayette  co.,  0.    See  Pancoastburg. 

Waterloo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.,  on 
Symmes' Creek,  about  14  miles  N.E.  of  Ironton.  It  has  1 
or  2  iron-furnaces. 

Waterloo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Linn  co.,  Oregon,  20  miles 
S.E.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill,  also  a 
cold  soda  spring. 

Waterloo,  a  post-hamlet  in  Lack  township,  Juniata 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  Tuscarora  Creek,  about  30  miles  W.  by  N.  of 
Carlisle.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  manufactory  of  fanning- 
mills. 

Waterloo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C.,  in  Wa- 
terloo township,  about  66  miles  W.N.W.  of  Columbia.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  4018. 

Waterloo,  a  station  of  the  Alexandria  &  Fredericks- 
burg Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of  Washington,  D.C. 

Waterloo,  a  post-hamlet  of  Culpeper  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Rappahannock  River,  about  60  miles  W.S.W.  of  Washing- 
ton, D.C. 

Waterloo,  a  township  of  Grant  co..  Wis.     Pop.  955. 

Waterloo,  a  post- village  in  Waterloo  township,  Jeffer- 
son CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul  Rail- 
road, 23  miles  E.N.E.  of  Madison,  and  15  miles  W.  of  Wa- 
tertown.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  5 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  ploughs,  bricks,  pumps, 
harvesters,  sash,  &e.     Pop.  815;  of  the  township,  1016. 

Waterloo',  a  county  of  Ontario,  situated  in  the  W.  cen- 
tral part  of  the  province.  Area,  530  square  miles.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Grand  River,  and  intersected  by  the  Grand 
Trunk  and  Great  Western  Railways.     Pop.  40,251. 

Waterloo,  a  settlement  in  Lunenburg  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
11  miles  from  Bridgewater.     Pop.  130. 

Waterloo,  a  village  of  Ontario,  co.  of  Waterloo,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Grand  River,  2  miles  W.  of  Berlin.  It  has 
several  churches,  2  printing-offices  issuing  weekly  news- 
papers, a  branch  bank,  about  a  dozen  hotels,  and  manufac- 
tures of  iron  castings,  agricultural  implements,  woollens, 
wooden-ware,  tobacco,  beer,  whisky,  <tc.     Pop.  1594. 

Waterloo,  Welland  co.,  Ontario.    See  Fort  Erie. 

Waterloo,  Frontenac  co.,  Ontario.     See  Cataraqui. 

Waterloo,  a  village  of  Quebec,  capital  of  the  co.  of 
Shefford,  on  the  Stanstead,  Shefford  &  Chambly  Railway,  70 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Montreal.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  branch 
bank,  a  printing-office  issuing  a  weekly  newspaper,  an 
academy,  a  brewery,  saw-,  grist-,  and  carding-mills,  manu- 
factures of  leather,  furniture,  iron  castings,  mill-machinery, 
agricultural  implements,  Ac,  several  hotels,  and  a  number 
of  stores.     Pop.  1700. 

Waterloo  Mills,  a  hamlet  in  Minisink  township. 
Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  about  7  miles  S.E.  of  Port  Jervis.  It  has 
a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Waterman,  wi't?r-man,  a  post-hamlet  of  Parke  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  Wabivsh  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Coal  Creek, 
about  35  miles  N.  of  Terre  Haute.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
hotel,  a  drug-store,  and  an  artesian  well  of  mineral  water 
1350  feet  deep. 

Waterman,  a  post-office  of  Wright  co.,  Iowa,  about  74 
miles  N.  of  Des  Moines. 

Waterman  Plat,  a  village  in  Johnson  township, 
Providence  co.,  R.I.,  adjacent  to  OIneyville.  Pop.  316. 
Here  is  OIneyville  Railroad  Station. 

Waterman  Station,  a  post-village  in  Clinton  town- 
ship, De  Kalb  co..  111.,  on  the  Chicago  A  Iowa  Railroad, 
25J  miles  W.  of  Aurora.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  300. 

Water  Mill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.,  on  a 
small  inlet  of  the  ocean,  and  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad, 
8  miles  S.W.  of  Sag  Harbor.  It  has  2  grist-mills  and  about 
30  houses. 


▼AT 


S7T6 


WAT 


Water  («r  Fris«U*s)  Mills,  m.  Hlkic*  is  HMtii^ 
«L,  OBtari«»  •■  Sateea  Bi*«r,  1«  ailw  fiwi  Kifiiih 

Watetyit,  «&'t«r-pMt, »  pun  hiiln  af  OiImh  «•, 
H.T^  Ml  Okk  Orehw4  CrMk,  m4  M  Um  Rasa,  WataftowB  A 
<%<iMfc«ry  RMlnM4,abMtMaulMirjl.W.oCEnlMrtv; 
It  kM  »  diarek,  s  tmnmm,  mmd  » loariag-ailL 

Waterpr**r,  wi'ty  fwi;  »  aMt-rilkiga  af  T«mm 
puiih,  L«I,M  tteW.kuk«rtlMMiHiaiBfi  Rivw^ahaat 
M  mUw  Bhtti  Katahat.     It  Imb  »  gaoi  luii^  aad  • 


Water  Qaechae*  »  rirar  af  Yanaaat.   8aa  QracaBS. 

Watersa,  m  IiIibiI  af  tka  HaHaitai    8aa  Vateua. 

Water  Shops,  s  Hatias  af  tbs  Oaasaatieat  Ccatnl 
«silw<  i»  fiifrimgUU,  Mam.  (HafJ—  — »).  »  ■tt^froai 
Ika  tarmfataa  tt  tka  nmi.  Bar*  ara  tW*  watar  aha^  af 
tfcaUsiSai  Slataa  Ama>7,  fw  whieh  Ika  MtU  Bitar  far- 

Wat'arsMe,  a  nwll  towa  af  Iralaad,  Ulrtar,  aec  af 
Tawinsileiij,  as  tka  Fvyla,  aaseaiu  LuaJiiiMij,  witli 
wfcichttiaMssinliiihyaWMgau 

Waterside,  «4'ttr-aU%  s  saai-Tfllsga  af  BMMirt  ea, 
>S,»fcat»»a«a8.fcyK.af  AHnasa.  It  1— »  riiswihi, 
»  waoilc^-aiO,  s  favadry,  a  lav-Mill,  aad  2  Kms  kilaa. 

Wat'erside,  a  aaat-nUa^  ia  Albart  aac.  Haw  Braaa- 
wiak,  aa  tW  Baj  af  Fodj,  S6  adks  bvm  Safiattaiy.    It 
eaataiaa  a  ekareh,  2  itorea,  a  botai,  aad  &  aaw-Milia.  Maa- 
gaaaaa  k  ftaai  ia  tha  riaaitf.    PapL  22S. 
Waters*  Stere,  a  part  ofca  of  Hawatd  ea^  Md. 
Watersteva,  Ti»ri8  aau.  Tax.    Sea  Onoa  Cunc. 
Water  Street,  a  poat-haariet  of  Haatiagdea  aa^,  Pa^ 
oa  tbe  Joaiata  Barer,  abaat  IS  aOaa  &  by  B.  af  AMaaaa. 
It  haa  a  eharah. 

Wat'ersrille,  a  paat  a«ca  af  OvraO  aa,  Md^  aa  tfca 
Bahiwaia  M  Ohio  Bailraad,  4»  aiiaa  W.  af  BaBaMora. 
Water  Taak,  a  part  e»ea  of  MeDawen  ea^  S.C 
Wat'ertaa,  a  poat-attea  af  Lmataa  eo.  Fa,  abaat  IS 
■uiaa  W.  bjr  S.  af  WilkaAamk 

WaterteWB,  «4't«r-tS«B,  a  port-Tillaga  and  anoMr 
laaort  ia  Watartowa  towaAip^  LitcbSaU  eosCkaa^*  ailca 
B.W.  af  Watarbar7,  with  vUeb  it  is  c—aertad  fay  tba 
Watartava  Biaaab  Baiiraad.  It  edataiaa  3  char^ei^  tba 
Watattawa  Atad—y,  a  laiga  boCal,  aad  a  Maaeaai.  Tba 
'  aa  tba  B.  by  tba  Kaagataek  BiTar, 
of  ailk  gaadi^  aabnlia-traBHiagi^ 
»aaat  Uapa,  Ac    Papu  of  tba  towasbip  ia  18M,  2323w 

Watertowa,  a  paat-baalat  a(  CMaaAia  aau,  Fla^  abaat 
2  teilaa  B.  of  I^fcc  City,  aa  tba  Florida  Caattal  A  Paua- 
aalar  Bailraad.    It  baa  a  aaw-auB  aad  eeaatai  atona. 

Watertawa,  a  peat-baailrt  «f  Boek  lalaad  ao,  OL,  oa 
tba  Miaiaippi  Bavar,  abaat  8  ailaa  abore  Dareaport.  It 
ia  oa  tba  Wartara  Uaiaa  Baalroad,  »  miles  £.  by  N.  of  Mo- 
liae.    Caal  is  baad  ba«L 

Watertowa,  a  baodct  af  Playd  aoc,  Iowa,  aa  tba 
Gadw  Birar,  11  aulea  XJI.W.  of  Cbariea  aty. 

Watertewa,  a  paat-nOage  ia  Watactowa  towaabip, 

Middleaex  aa,  Mas,  aa  tba  Cbariea  Birar,  aad  oa  tba 

Fitebbarg  BaOniad,  8  ailaa  W.  of  Beatoa.    It  baa  a 

Bi*inaal  baak,  a  aariags-baak,  a  aoajpapar  oCat^  a  bigfa 

■chwei,  a  papar-aull,  a  warilaa  fartory,  a  stora-fbaBdry,  a 

aatioaal  anaaal  af  tnartiartiea,  d  eharebei^  aerani  btaa 

tifal  riaidi  aaas  aad  gatdaaa,  aad  ■aaafaataiwof  rtorkiaica 

aadCardigaajaekali.    P^  af  tba  tnaaebip  is  189»,  7t7a. 

Watertown,to«sAia^<aiatoB«aL,llidu    Pap.  1688. 

>VatertowD,ats«asbipafSaBilaacosMiefc.  I^gawM8. 

Watertowa,  a  part  tiiwaebip  af  Taasob  ao,  Jficb., 

aboai  22  Miles  2(.B.  of  Fliat.    Itbaaaehar^    P<^  804. 

Watertowa,  a  post-HlIaga  ia  Watotown  tovasbip, 

Carrar  eou,  Miaa,  oa  tbe  Sontb  Fork  af  Craw  Birar,  38 

MilasW.of  Miaaaapofis,aad28MiIaaHJB.ef  Glaaeaa^  It 

bos  3  'ehanAea,  a  gcaded  aebool,  a  {doagb-iMtory,  aad  a 

gri*t-aulL     Pap.  of  tbe  township,  11S4. 

Watertewa,  a  city,  the  capital  of  JaSeraoa  ao,  N.T., 
is  sitaatad  oa  tba  S.  baak  ot  Black  Birar,  abo^  10  Miles 
froM  iu  aatnaea  iato  Laba  Oataria^  88  Milaa  K jr.W.  at 
Utiea,  aad  70  Milaa  S.  by  W.  <tf  OgdcadrarK.  It  ia  oa  tbo 
BoMo^  Watertowa  A  Ogimaibmg  Batlxoad  aad  tbo  Utie» 
A  Bbiek  Birer  Bailraad.  It  eoataias  a  oamt-baaaa^  10 
ebarahaa,  a  bi^  aebool,  4  aatioaal  bairica,  3  other  haaks, 
aad  a  good  botoL  Two  daily  aad  3  weekly  aewspapecs  are 
pabiiahed  here.  Soreral  bri^^  bore  eraas  the  riror,  whieb 
u  88  yards  wida.  The  lapids  of  the  rirar  afford  «»— T"««-t 
bydraalio  poaror  at  this  plaee.  It  has  iwaaafictarea  vt 
8oar,  leather,  Meehiaaij,  wooDaa  geod%  aad  fiuMiag- 
iMplcMeatiS  4  papw-aiaa,  asrefal  iboadriai^  a  Maaa- 
tMtaiy  of  aewiag-Maabiaei,  aad  a  larga  maaafaetwry  of 
•priag-wagoas.  Pop.  ia  1888, 18,8»7 ;  ia  1888,  I4,72&. 
Watertowa,  a  post-hamlet  ia  Watertowa  towssb^ 


WafOTtava,  a  eity,  aapital  af  Codiaciaa  aa.  SJk 
•Wat  100  Milaa  BJ^.W.  oTSmx  ViS!rnL^^£iu 
•■•*>•  kenv-tho  Cbia^a  A  Korthwartan.  the  BalSZTT 

of  wbieh  U  ia  tbo  trade  oaMm 


WasdanrefJaC 

^^  •^«*»»«tlyiaIMBaaB.  It  i.  oa  the  CMoeo 
A  Sarthwastara  Bailiaad  whara  Batawa  tba  ChtaalTllu! 
vaakae  A  Sc  Peal  Bailread.37  Miles  B.  br  N.afJUdZT 
44  Milaa  W.  by  N.  of  MUwaakaa^  aad  88  ^  BJuTIf 
(I.atbaras)»  argaaised  ia  ISftS.     It  has  18  ahanhaiS 


k%  a  high  aahaol.  a  Oatholie  aeaegi^  4  weeklr 
S  ia«i.g.«BK  sad  .aaafcrt^  JZ^ 


Ii< 


'J. 
P^ 


aWfas,  eigan,  aash.  Uadi^  Ac.    Pop.  ia  188^  »7»k 
„  r  •••r!*'^  wi'tfr-ril,  a  past-baMirt  ef  Oaaada^  eo, 
H.T,oa  I.iMertaae  Creak, abaat  12  Mile*  SJLofitnaai^ 
Ithaaaeh«rahaadaAoar.BulL  /--»>• 

Water  TaUey,  a  |m  baala  of  6raT«  aa,  Ky,  «. 
Oa  Psdasab  A  Maaip^  Baihaad.  44  aiks  Hy  IT.  .f 
PMaeah.    It  baa  a  chanA  aad  a  aoar.MiU. 

▼•ter  Valley,  a  past-rillaga  af  TalabaAa  aa,  M im^ 
oa  tbe  IlewOrieaae,8c  Laais  A  ChioKo  Bailnad.  17  aiks 
S.  of  Ozfasd.  awl  28  MOas  K JLE.  ef  GnaadsT 
taias  T  dwabaa,  2  aewapaper  oAaea,  aaMatoaa  sti 
thaMaribisi  ■bmaadaar-wahsef  thoraihaad 
aad  baa  Maaa&rtarea  af  phmgha,  Msb,  doera,  Aa. 
ia  1880.  22201  ^^ 

Water  TaUer*  »  pnrt-hoMlrt  ia  HaMbaig  towasbiis 
Brie  eo,  S.T,  ea  Bighteaa  Mile  Craek.  aad  aa  tba  Bafcia 
A JsMartewa  Baihaad,  14 auks 8. ef Bafalou  Itlaaabaat 
20  dweQian  aad  aaaafartrea  af  hanah^  dear,  aad  fam- 
iHg-iMpliiwiiali 
iTater  Valley,  a  pnrt  agsa  af  Maaiy  eo,  Tcaa. 
Water  Tillage,  a  pert  baalrt  of  Cmma  ea,  SJL, 
about  20  Mil«*  N.E.  of  Laeaaia. 

Waterrille,  wl't«r-ri],  a  part-riUaga  ia  Watavbary 
tawBsbin^  Kew  Harca  eoc,  Coaa,  oa  the  Nsii«ataak  BiTcr, 
aadea  the  KaagatadaadSewTorii  A  Kew  Eaglaad  Bul- 
reads,3MilesX.oftbedtyaf  Watatbaiy.  ItbassMaaa- 
ftctoryof  poekct^kmrok 

Watemlie,  a  peab-oAeeef  Walker  eo^  6a. 
Waterrille,  a  paet-rillage  ia  Paiat  Ciack  towsAtp, 
Allaaiakee  ool,  Iowa,  oa  the  Waakea  A  Misrisaffi  Bail- 
road,  13  Miles  S.B.  of  Wa^oB.    It  has  a  lear-Miii  ea 
Punt  Cr«ek.     Pop.  aboat  130. 

Waterrille,  a  post-riUage  ia  WatenriOe  towsabip, 
MawhaU  eo,  Kaaaaa,  oa  the  Littlo  Blae  Birer,  absat  3 
Miloa  firam  its  Hoatb,aBd  oa  tbe  Caatial  Biaaeb  af  tbo 
Uaioa  PaeiSe  Bailraad.  100  Milaa  W.  oT  Atebaea,  aad 
aboat  38  MOeo  N.  by  W.  of  Maabattaa.  It  eoataac  a 
aariags4Mak,  a  newspMor  oSea^  2  doariag-auOiy  2 
ebaniba%aadagnMledachooiwitbafaebai)diBg.  It  has 
abaadaat  watar-pewar.  Pop.  ia  1880^  Hi;  of  tbo  towa> 
riuB,2884. 

Waterrille,  a  port-riOaga  ia  Watarrille  tawaebi|^ 
Kcnaebee  eo.  Me,  ea  the  ri^  (W.)  baak  of  tbe  Eaaao. 
bee  Birer,  at  Tleoaie  Falls  (18  fart  ia  beigbt),  IS  Mil<a 
lf.by£.<^Aagasta,aad88MilaiNJ(.E.of  Ftetiaad.  It 
is  at  tbo  jaartioa  of  two  braatbrs  ef  the  Muae  CcatrsI 
Bailraad.  It  is  the  seat  of  Oalby  Cairenity  (Baatia), 
whiA  was  orgaausad  ia  1828,  was  fuiMuly  wiled  Water. 
riUe  College^  aad  has  a  fibrary  of  10,500  rolaaaoft.  Water- 
rille eoataias  6  ebarefaes,  3  aoHoaal  basks,  a  sarings-boak, 
a  newmpar  oSee,  aaMi  aboat  6i  wUtna.  The  water-power 
afforded  by  Tleoaie  Falls  aad  other  lalla  ia  tba  rieiaity  is 
rary  great,  aad  has  baaa  atiKied  ia  several  leariag-ailU, 
saw-MUli^  aad  other  aulls.  This  rillago  has  a  cottoa-fiM- 
tery,  aad  waaafartarea  of  iailraad-«ara,  aacbiaety,  for- 
nitojc^  shirty  doon^  atA  aad  bliadi,  aad  iroa  cattiags. 
Aa  important  trade  is  earned  oa  with  tbe  ranoaadi^ 
ooaatry  aad  tbioogb  the  Keaaaban  Birer,  which,  by  Mcaaa 
of  a  doM  aad  locks  at  Aagarta,  is  aarigaUe  to  WatarriJla. 
Pan.  in  ISSO,  1917;  of  tbo  towa^^,  4672. 

Waterril  I e,  a  poat-TiUageof  Woreerter  eo, Haas, oa  the 
Ware  Rirer  P^ilroad,  2  aulea  S  W. of  Winebaadoa.  P. 473. 
Waterrille,  a  poet-riDage  ia  Waterrille  township.  La 
Saenr  co^  Mion.,  on  the  Minneapolis  A  SL  Loais  Baiitoad, 
shoot  IS  Miles  W^W.  of  Faribaalt,  aad  23  miles  E.  bjr  9. 
ofMaskato.    It  has  3ebarehc%2  foar-ailb^aad  2  m*- 


I 


I    .        WAT  2: 

j — ■ ■ _ 

ills.  The  township  is  drained  by  Cannon  River,  which 
Jre  expands  into  two  lakes  named  Sakatah  and  Tetonkah. 
jp.  of  the  township,  920. 
Waterville,  a  post-office  of  Oiark  00.,  Mo. 
iWaterville,  a  township  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H.  Pop.  33, 
(Waterville,  a  hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y.,  4  miles* 
,im  Palatine  Bridge.     It  has  a  cheese-factory  and'a  grist- 

iWaterville,  a  post-village  in  Sangerfield  township, 
'leida  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  A  Western 
^ilroad,  21  miles  S.S.W.  of  Utica.  It  has  6  churches,  an 
ademy,  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  tannery, 
Id  manufactures  of  shoes,  hop-presses,  Ac.  Pop.  11S2. 
Waterville,  a  post-village  in  Waterville  township,  Lu- 
is CO.,  0.,  on  the  N.W.  bank  of  the  Maumee  River,  and  on 
je  Wabash  &  Eric  Canal,  about  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Toledo. 
I  has  2  churches,  a  union  school,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a 
!w-mill.  The  township  is  intersected  by  the  Wabash  Rail- 
|ad.  Pop.  in  18S0,  382;  of  the  township,  1925. 
Waterville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.,  on 
ne  Creek,  about  16  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Lock  Haven.  It 
s  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Waterville,  a  post-office  of  Wharton  co.,  Tex.,  about 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Richmond. 

Water\'ille,  a  post-village  in  Waterville  township,  La- 
bile CO.,  Vt.,  on  a  small  affluent  of  the  Lamoille  River, 
out  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Burlington.     It  has  2  churches, 
ji  academy,  and   manufactures  of  pumps,  axes,  augers, 
jadles,  doors,  sash,  and  blinds.     Pop.  of  township,  573. 
(Waterville,  a  township  of  Pepin  co.,  Wis.     P.  1128. 
IWaterville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waukesha  co.,  Wig.,  near 
jirk  River,  about  28  miles  W.  of  Milwaukee. 
;Wat'erville,  a  post-village  and  settlement  in  Carleton 
p  New  Brunswick,  9  miles  from  Woodstock.  It  has  a  tan- 
ry  and  several  mills.     Pop.  500. 

Waterville,  a  post-village  in  Queens  co.,  Xcw  Brnns- 
jCk,  on  the  S.  side  of  Washademoak  Lake,  20  miles  from 
jlimpton.     Pop.  250. 

[Waterville,  Nova  Scotia.     See  Pineo  Village. 
iWaterville,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
j  miles  from  Aylesford.     Pop.  175. 

[Waterville,  a  post-village  in  Compton  co.,  Quebec,  on 
p  Coaticook  River,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  111 
|les  E.  by  8.  of  Montreal.  It  contains  a  church,  a  saw- 
ull,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  350. 

jWatervliet,  wiH?r-vleet',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East 
anders,  on  the  frontiers  of  the  Netherlands,  16  miles  N. 
Ghent.     Pop.  2073. 

Watervliet,  wiH§r-vleet',  a  post-village  in  Watervliet 
wnship,  Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Paw  Paw  River  and 
e  Chicago  &  West  Michigan  Railroad,  14  miles  E.N.E.  of 
.  Joseph,  and  24  miles  N.  of  Niles.  It  has  a  church,  a 
aded  school,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  lumber-mill.  Pop.  about 
0  ;  of  the  township,  1718. 

Watervliet,  a  township  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
^609.  It  contains  Green  Island,  West  Troy,  and  several 
jher  villages. 

jWatervliet,  Montgomery  co.,  0.    See  SHAKERSTOwrf. 
jWatervliet   Centre,   a    post-hamlet    in   Watervliet 
[irnghip,  Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  1  mile  from  Niskayuna  Station, 

!id  about  9  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Albany. 
Wat'ford,  a  market- town  of  England,  co.  of  Ilerts,  on 
e  ancient  Watling  Street,  close  to  a  ford  over  the  Colne 
{/hence  its  name),  and  with  a  station  on  the  Northwestern 
lilway,  15  miles  N.W.  of  London.  Pop.  7461.  The  town 
3  a  sp.aciou8  church,  several  chapels,  library,  school  of 
once,  free  schools,  almshouses,  and  other  charities.  The 
inufactures  of  straw  plait  and  malting  are  important, 
1 1  the  town  is  a  large  mart  for  corn  and  live-stock. 
Wat'ford,  a  post-village  in  Lambton  co.,  Ontario,  on 
e  Great  Western  Railway,  33  miles  W.  of  London.  It 
Dtains  2  grist-mills,  3  saw-mills,  about  a  dozen  stores,  and 
hotels.     Pop.  400. 

Wathena,  wath-e'na,  a  post-village  in  Washington 
wnship,  Doniphan  co.,  Kansas,  about  1  mile  from  the 
issouri  River,  and  on  the  St.  Joseph  <k  Denver  City  Rail- 
ed, 5i  miles  W.  of  St.  Joseph.     It  is  surrounded  by  hills 
immandingfine  views,  and  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded 
ihool,  5  churches,  and  2  flouring-mills.  Pop.  about  750. 
jWath  on  Dearne,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
fest  Riding,  on  a  railway,  oi  miles  N.  of  Rotherham.     It 
M  lotteries  and  collieries.     Pop.  2142. 
jHatkins,  wCt'kInz,  a  post-township  of  Arapahoe  co., 
ol.    The  post-office  is  at  Box  Elder  Station. 
i  Watkins,  a  post-village  in  St.  Clair  township,  Benton 
kn  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago   A  Northwestern    Railroad,  20 
iUes  W.S.W.  of  Cedar  Rapids.     It  has  2  churches.     P.  175. 
r        176 


WAT 


wp!Sn  R  M '  *J'4V'"'..*'^  *''•  ^^''•o't'  n«II»dal«  A  South- 
Wo?!,^'"'"''^'  ^^  """  ^-N-E-  of  HIlMale.  Mich. 
>>  atkins,  a  township  of  Dent  co..  Mo.     Pop.  816. 

5.  .w    \  i"''  "  P«'^-'^>''»K«.  capital  of  Schuylef  eo.,  N.Y 
18  situated  on  a  plain  at  the  head  or  S.endof  Senec  Lakfc 
and  on  the  NortUrn  Central  Railroad,  22  miles  fT of  EN 
TAoJ*  ™''^*  ^-  ^^  Geneva,  76  miles  S.S.E.  of  Rochester 

the  Chemung  Canal.     SteamWats  navigate  the  lake  in  all 

Watkins  and  Geneva.  It  contiiins  5  churches.  2  national 
banks,  the  Watkins  Academy  and  Union  Scho^)!.  2  news- 
paper offices  3  foundries,  a  t.innery,  a  steam  floaring-mill. 
rn^iRsro^.'L'  *?'*  ?  manufactory  of  booU  and  shoesf  Pop. 

Watkins  Glen  which  annually  attracts  great  multitudes 
of  visitors,  and  to  which  access  is  gained  by  several  bridge* 
and  staircases.  It  is  about  2i  miles  long,  and  its  upper  end 
IS  nearly  800  feet  higher  than  the  lake^'  In  this  gin  «,J 
numerous  beautiful  cascades,  some  of  which  are  60  feet  high. 
Watkins,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  0.,  4  miles  S  E 
of  Dover  Station.     It  has  2  churches. 


, ^.  Atlanta. 

It  has  a  court-house  and  1  or  2  churches.    Pop.  about  500 
Watkinsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Neshoba  co..  Miss,, 
about  40  miles  N.W.  of  Meridian, 

Watkinsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stokes  eo„  N.C..  30 
miles  W.  of  Reidsville,     It  has  a  church, 

Watkinsville,  a  hamlet  of  Goochland  co.,  Va.,  15 
milM  S.  of  Bumpass  Station.     It  has  3  churches  near  it. 

Wat'ling  Island,  one  of  the  Bahamas,  British  West 
Indies,  50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cat  Island.  Lat.  23°  56'  7"  N  ; 
Ion.  740  28' W.  Length,  18  miles.  Soil  fertile;  a  lake 
occupies  its  centre.  It  claims  the  distinction  of  having 
been  the  first  land  in  the  New  World  seen  by  Columbus. 
See  Sa.n  Salvador. 

Wat'ling  Street,  a  famous  Roman  highway,  extend- 
ing across  South  BriUin  in  a  direction  from  S.E.  to  N.W. 
Commencing  at  Dover,  it  extends  post  Canterbury,  Rochester, 
and  Dartford,  to  the  city  of  London,  a  street  in  which  re- 
tains its  name  ;  thence  it  proceeds  through  the  cos.  of  Mid- 
dlesex, Ilerts,  Bucks,  Northampton,  Warwick,  and  Stafford, 
to  Chester,  and  W.  through  North  Wales  to  Carnarvon,  in 
Carnarvonshire.  From  Wroseter  a  branch  proceeds  N.  t» 
Manchester,  Lancaster,  Kendal,  and  Cockermouth,  and 
thence  into  Scotland.  It  is  supposed  to  have  been  named, 
in  honor  of  Vitellius,  the  Via  (or  Strata)  Vitellina,  of 
which  the  modern  name  is  a  Saxon  corruption. 

Wat'lington,  a  market-town  of  England,  00.  of  Ox- 
ford, between  two  roads  from  Oxford  to  London,  about  15 
miles  S.E.  of  Oxford.     It  has  a  curious  market-cross. 

Watonwan,  wah't^n-wOn,  a  county  in  the  S.  port  of 
Minnesota,  has  an  area  of  432  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Watonwan  River,  and  partly  drained  by  the 
Perch  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level, 
and  is  diversified  with  prairies,  groves,  and  little  lakes. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  Ac,  are 
the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  St.- 
Paul  A  Sioux  City  Railroad.  Capitjvl,  .Madelia.  Valuation 
of  real  and  personal  estate,  $937,694.  Pop.  in  1870,  2426, 
of  whom  1424  were  Americans;  in  1880,  5104, 

Watonwan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Blue  Earth  eo.,  Minn., 
on  the  Watonwan  River,  about  18  miles  S.W.  of  Mankato. 

Watonwan  River,  Minnesota,  rises  in  Cottonwood  co., 
runs  nearly  eastward  through  Watonwan  eo.,  and  enters  the 
Blue  Earth  River  in  Blue  Earth  00.,  about  10  miles  S.W. 
of  Mankato. 

Wato'pa,  township,  Wabashaw  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  460. 

Watou,  *i'too',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West  Flan- 
ders, 35  miles  S.W.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  of  commune,  8078, 

Watrous,  Mora  co.,  New  Mexico.    See  La  Jukta. 

Watrousville,  w6t'ras-vll,  a  post-village  of  Tnsecia 
CO.,  Mich.,  in  Juniata  township,  8  miles  N.  of  Vassar,  and 
22  miles  E.  of  Saginaw.  It  has  2  churches,  a  union  school, 
a  foundry,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  213. 

Watseka,  wSt-se'kab,  a  post-town,  eapiul  of  Iroqnoti 
CO.,  111.,  is  on  the  Iroquois  River,  at  the  month  of  Sugar 
Creek,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Danville  A  Vincennes  RailrtNul 
where  it  crosses  the  Toledo,  Peoria  A  Warsaw  Railroad,  85 
miles  S.  of  Chicago,  46  miles  N.  of  Danville,  and  14  milei 
E.  of  Oilman.  It  contains  3  ehnrchee,  a  national  bank,  1 
other  bank,  a  graded  school,  and  2  newspaper  officM.  I» 
has  40  flowing  artesian  wells  100  to  150  feet  deep.  Pop. 
about  2000. 


WAT 


2778 


WAU 


Watson,  wSt's^B,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Desha  co., 
Ark.,  on  the  Little  Hook,  Pino  BlulT  &  Texas  Railroad,  24 
miles  N.  of  Arkansas  City. 

Watson,  a  post-village  in  Watson  township,  Effinghani 
00.,  III.,  on  the  Chiongo  division  of  the  Illinois  Central  Kail- 
road,  7  miles  S.  of  Effingham.  It  has  3  ohurohes.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1066. 

Watson,  a  post-office  of  Clarke  oo.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
&  Mi!>!ii.s8ippi  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Jefrersonvilio. 

Watson,  a  station  in  Ureone  oo.,  Ind.,  on  the  India- 
aapolis  &  Vincenues  Railroad,  49  miles  N.E.  of  Vincennos. 

Watson,  a  post-office  of  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa,  about  60 
miles  N.W.  of  Dubuque. 

Watson,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co..  Miss.,  16  miles 
TV.  of  Holly  Springs.  It  has  several  churches  and  2  stores. 

Watson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Atchison  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Missouri  River,  and  on  the  Kansas  City,  St.  Joseph  &  Council 
Bluffs  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Hamburg,  Iowa.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  in  18S0.  213. 

Watson,  a  post-office  of  Beaver  Head  oo.,  Montana. 

Watson,  a  post-office  of  Harlan  co.,  Neb.,  about  50 
miles  S.W.  of  Kearney. 

Watson,  a  post-village  in  Watson  township,  Lewis  oo., 
N.Y.,  on  Black  River,  about  2i  miles  E.  of  Lowville.  It 
has  a  church  and  several  lumber-mills.  Steamboats  run 
close  to  Watson  Post-Office.  The  township  comprises  sev- 
eral lakes  and  largo  forests.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1299. 

Watson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  N.D.,  12  miles  S. 
by  W.  of  Cusselton. 

Watson,  a  township  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.     Pop.  280. 

Watson,  a  post-office  of  Milam  co.,  Tex. 

Watson  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich. 

Watson  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn. 

Watson's  Corners,  a  post-village  in  Lanark  co.,  On- 
tario, 19  miles  N.W.  of  Perth.     Pop.  100. 

Watson  Settlement,  a  post-hamlet  in  Carleton  co., 
New  Brunswick,  13  miles  from  Woodstock.     Pop.  200, 

Watson's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Seneca  co.,  0.,  on 
the  Cincinnati,  Sandusky  &  Cleveland  Railroad,  6^  miles 
N.E.  of  Tiffin.     Here  is  a  church. 

Watsontown,  wot'sgn-town,  a  hamlet  of  Camden  co., 
N.J.,  2  miles  S.E.  of  Kirkwood. 

Watsontown,  a  post-borough  in  Delaware  township, 
Northumberland  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Sus- 
quehanna River,  and  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroiid, 
23  miles  S.E.  of  Williamsport,  and  9  miles  N.  of  Lewis- 
burg.  It  has  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  4  churches,  an 
academy,  a  tannery,  2  planing-mills,  a  grist-mill,  a  car- 
riage-factory, Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  2157. 

Watsonville,  a  post-vilLage  of  Santa  Cruz  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Pajaro  River  and  the  Santa  Cruz  Railroad,  5  miles  from 
the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Santa  Cruz.  It 
is  situated  in  a  fertile  valley,  and  has  5  churches,  a  bank, 
3  lumber-mills,  a  tannery,  2  flour-mills,  2  newspaper  offices, 
2  shingle-mills,  and  a  soap-factory.  It  is  surrounded  by 
beautiful  scenery.     Pop.  in  1890,  2149. 

Watsonville,  a  hamlet  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y.,  4  miles 
W.  of  Middleburg.     Pop.  about  100. 

Watsonville,  a  post-office  of  Rowan  co.,  N.C. 

Watt,  a  post-office  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa.,  4  miles  W.  of 
Indiana,  and  about  42  miles  E.N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Wattcn,  vitHiN"',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  on  the 
Aa,  and  on  a  railway,  6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Saint-Omer. 
Pop.  1331. 

Wattenheim,  ^it't?n-hlme\  a  village  of  Bavaria, 
Palatinate,  9  miles  S.S.E.  of  Griinst.adt.     Pop.  1475. 

Wattenscheidt,  or  Wattcnscheid,  *it't§n-shite', 
a  town  of  Prussian  Westphalia,  41  miles  W.N.W.  of  Arns- 
berg.     Pop.  5074.     It  has  coal-mines. 

Wattenweil,  ^dt't^n-^ile^  a  village  and  parish  of 
Switzerland,  canton  and  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bern.     P.  2160. 

Wat'terstown,  a  township  of  Grant  co..  Wis.    P.  604. 

Wnttignies,  vitHeen'yee',  a  village  of  France,  in 
Nord,  3  miles  S.AV.  of  Lille.  Pop.  961.  The  French  van- 
quished the  Austrians  herein  1793. 

Wat'ton,  a  market-town  and  parish  of  England,  co.  of 
Norfolk,  on  the  border  of  the  open  tract  of  Filand,  21  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Norwich.  Pop.  1388.  Near  it  is  Way  land  (or 
Wailing)  Forest,  the  reputed  scene  of  the  tragic  ballad  of 
the  "  Babes  in  the  Wood." 

Wattrelos,  vitH'r-lo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  9 
miles  N.E.  of  Lille.  Pop.  4102.  It  has  extensive  manu- 
factures of  cotton,  and  oil-mills. 

Watts,  a  station  in  Sangamon  co.,  111.,  on  the  Ohio  & 
Mississippi  Railroad,  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Springfield. 

Watts,  a  township  of  Perry  co..  Pa.     Pop.  725. 

Wattsborough,  wlts'bur-riih,  a  post-village  of  Lu- 


nenburg CO.,  Va.,  22  miles  S.W.  of  BcUcfont.    It  hu 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill  on  Mchcrrin  Uiver 

Watts'burg,  a  post-borough  in  Venango  townihii.  Kri 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  French  Crock,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Krio.  It  b^ 
or  2  grist-mills,  a  lumber-mill,  and  3  churches      Pop  2S( 

Watts  (wits)  Flats,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cl.auUuquk  c. 
N.Y.,  on  the  Atlantic  A  Great  Western  Railroad  11  mil. 
W.S.W.  of  Jamestown.  '  ' 

Watts  Mills,  a  hamlet  of  Westmoreland  oo.,  pa.  i, 
Sewickley  township.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill 

Watts'ville,  a  post-hamlot  of  Carroll  co.,  0.,  in  Foi 
township,  about  30  miles  S.E.  of  Canton. 

Wattwiller,  Mt'^il-I^r  (Fr.  pron.  vlt'veeriain')  i 
village  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Bolfurt 
Pop.  1502. 

Wattwyl,  *itt'*il,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
17  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Gall,  on  the  Thur.  Pop.  of  parith 
5494,  employed  in  manufactures  of  muslins  and  calico.     ' 

Wnubeck,  waw'bek,  a  post-village  of  Linn  co.  low*  1 
in  Maine  township,  on  the  Wapsipinicon  River,  about  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Marion.  It  has  a  church,  a  woollen-fattorv' 
a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  gnvded  school.     Pop.  222.' 

Waubeck,  a  post-township  of  Pepin  co..  Wis.,  about 
27  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Eau  Claire.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E. 
by  the  Chippewa  River.     Pop.  237. 

Wnubecka,  Ozaukee  co.,  Wis.    See  FnenoNu. 

Waubesa  (waw-be'sa)  Lake,  Dane  co..  Wis.,  is  the 
second  of  the  chainof  Fouii  Lakes  (which  sec).  It  is  about 
4  miles  S.E.  of  Madison,  and  is  nearly  4  miles  long. 

Waubcsepinicon.    See  Wai'sii-i.nico.-*, 

Wauceda,  Michigan.    Sec  Wackdaii. 

Waucoma,  waw-ko'ma,  a  post-village  in  Eden  town- 
ship, Fayette  co.,  Iowa,  about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Decorah. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  flouring-mill.    Pop.  225. 

Wauconda,  waw-k5n'da,  a  post-village  in  Waueond* 
township.  Lake  co.,  III.,  on  a  beautiful  lake,  about  42  miles 
N.W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  a  graded  school,  2  or  3  churcbef, 
and  a  steam  flour-mill.     Pop.  of  township,  1120. 

Waucousta,  Iowa.    See  Wacousta, 

Waucousta,  waw-koos'ta,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fond  du 
Lac  CO.,  Wis.,  about  14  miles  S.E.  of  Fond  du  Lac. 

Waucnila,  waw-kiil'l^,,  a  township  of  Sedgwick  co., 
Kansas.     Pop.  209. 

Waugh's  (wawz)  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co^ 
W.  Va.,  on  Elk  River,  42  miles  N.E.  of  Charleston.  Here 
is  a.  saw-mill. 

Waugh's  Ran'cho,a  post-office  of  La  Salle  co.,Tef, 

Wauhatchie,  waw-hatch'ee,  a  post-hamlct  of  Hamil- 
ton CO.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Alabama  &  Chattanooga  Railrond 
and  the  Nashville  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  6i  miles  S.W. 
of  Chattanooga.     It  has  a  church. 

Wau-hil-lau,waw-hil-law',apost-village  of  the  Cher- 
okee Nation,  Indian  Territory,  14  miles  from  Tahlcquab. 

Wauhoo,  Saunders  co..  Neb.    Sec  Wahoo. 

Waukan,  waw'kaw,  a  post-village  of  Winnebago  cc., 
AVis.,  in  Rushford  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Omro,  and 
12  miles  W.  of  Oshkosh,  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school, 
a  woollen-factory,  and  1  or  2  flour-mills.     Pop.  292. 

Waukechon,orWaukecheon,waw'kc-shr)n,  a  post- 
township  of  Shawano  co.,  AVis.,  is  intersected  by  Wolf 
River,  on  which  a  large  quantity  of  pine  timber  is  floated 
or  rafted.     Pop.  415. 

Waukee,  waw'kee,  a  post-village  of  Dallas  co.,  Iowa, 
on  the  Des  Moines  &  Fort  Dodge  Railroad,  HJ  miles  W.  of 
Des  Moines,  and  7  miles  E.  of  Adel,  with  which  it  is  con- 
nected by  another  railroad.     Pop.  245. 

Waukeenah,  wah-keo'nah,  a  po.»t-harelct  of  .TcfiTerson 
CO.,  Fla.,  about  28  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Tallahassee.  It  has  a 
church. 

Waukegan,  waw-ke'gan,  a  city,  capital  of  Lnkc  co., 
111.,  is  situated  on  the  W.  shore  of  Lake  Michigan,  and  on 
the  Chicago  &  Milwaukee  Railroad,  35  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Chicago,  and  50  miles  S.  of  Milwaukee.  The  Like  is  about 
80  miles  wide  opposite  this  place.  The  principal  part  of 
the  town  is  built  on  a  bluff  which  rises  rather  abruptly  to 
the  height  of  50  feet.  Between  the  bluff  and  the  fhore 
is  a  flat  tract  of  ground  about  400  yards  wide,  which  is 
occupied  by  gardens,  dwellings,  warehouses,  and  manufac- 
tories. Waukegan  contains  8  churches,  a  high  school,  a 
national  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  steam  flouring-mills, 
several  tanneries,  the  Forsyth  Scale  Works,  a  pump-factory 
and  a  silver-plating  esUblishment.  It  hiis  also  inanufac- 
tures  of  farming-implements,  sash,  doors,  and  blinds,  Ao 
Grain,  wool,  and  butter  are  the  chief  articles  of  export. 
Here  are  mineral  springs,  which  have  been  analyzed  and 
are  said  to  hav«  valuable  properties.     Pop.  in  1890,  491o. 


WAU 


2779 


WAV 


Waukesha,  waw'k^-shiV,  a  county  in  tho  S.E.  part  of 
isconsin,  has  an  urea  of  576  square  milos.  It  is  drained 
the  Fox  or  Pishtuka  River,  which  rises  in  it,  and  by 
rk  River  and  Oconoinowoc  Creek.  Tho  surface  is  nndu- 
jting,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies,  "  oak  openings,"  nu- 
lurous  small  lakes,  and  dense  forests  of  the  hickory,  ash, 
:ik,  sugar-maple,  Ac.  One  of  the  lakes,  named  Pcwaukee, 
1 5  or  6  miles  long.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  In- 
ian  corn,  oats,  hay,  butter,  wool,  and  cattle  are  tho  staple 
i-oducts.  Good  Silurian  limestone  underlies  the  soil.  This 
irnnty  is  traversed  by  two  branches  of  the  Milwaukee  <t 
|;.  Paul  Railroad.  Capital,  Waukesha.  Valuation  of  real 
hd  personal  estate,  $25,600,000.  Pop.  in  1870,  28,274,  of 
Siom  18,368  were  Americans;  in  1880,  28,957. 

I  Waukesha,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Waukesha  co., 
is.,  is  on  the  Fox  or  Pishtaka  River,  and  on  the  Chicago, 
ilwaukeo  it  St.  Paul  Railroad,  20  miles  W.  of  Milwaukee, 
hd  75  miles  E.  of  Madison.  It  is  on  the  northern  border 
I  Waukesha  township.  It  has  7  churches,  a  stone  court- 
Ipuse  built  of  fine  limestone  quarried  in  the  immediate 
icinity,  a  national  bank,  1  other  banking-house,  3  news- 
liper  offices,  a  school  called  Carroll  College,  a  high  school, 
J  woollen-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  farm  implements. 
op.  in  1890,  6321 ;  of  the  township,  7480. 
I  VVaukon,  waw-kon',  a  post-village,  capital  of  Allama- 
jpe  CO.,  Iowa,  in  Makee  township,  17  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lan- 
jng,  and  about  18  miles  E.  of  Decorah.  It  is  the  N.E. 
•rmiuus  of  the  Waukon  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  and  is 
peasantly  situated  in  a  rich  farming-district.  It  contains 
i  court-house,  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded 
^hool,  and  a  bank. 

j  Waumandee,  waw'man-de,  or  Wau'manda,  a  post- 
jimlet  in  Waumandee  township,  Buffalo  co.,  AVis.,  on  Eagle 
[iver,  about  20  miles  N.  of  Winona,  Minn.  Pop.  of  the 
iwnship,  1053. 

jWaunakce,  waw'na-ke,  a  post-village  of  Dane  co., 
ps.,  in  Westport  township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern 
failroad,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Madison.  It  has  a  church. 
)  Wauneta,  waw-ne'ta,  a  post-office  of  Chase  co.,  Neb. 
i  Waupaca,  waw-pah'ki,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part 
f  Wisconsin,  has  an  area  of  720  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
jy  the  Little  Wolf  and  Waupaca  Rivers,  affluents  of  the 
foU  River,  which  runs  through  the  S.E.  part  of  the  county, 
me  surface  is  undulating  or  uneven,  and  a  large  part  of  it 
I  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  sugar-maple,  beech,  oak, 
jnd  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  maize,  oats, 
py,  lumber,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  This  county 
f  intersected  by  tho  Wisconsin  Central  and  Green  Bay 
I  Minnesota  Railroads.  Capital,  Waupaca.  Valuation  of 
jal  and  personal  estate,  $4,152,550.  Pop.  in  1870, 15,539, 
jf  whom  11,011  were  Americans;  in  1880,  20,955. 
[  Waupaca,  or  Waupacca,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
jFaupaca  co..  Wis.,  is  in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  on 
JTaupaca  River,  and  on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad, 
!7  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Menasha,  and  28  miles  E.S.E.  of 
ftevens  Point.  It  has  a  high  school,  6  churches,  2  bank- 
bg-housos,  a  newspaper  office,  2  tanneries,  2  flour-mills,  2 
pundries  with  machine-shops,  and  manufactures  of  sash, 
linds,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  2127. 

Waupaca  River,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Portage  co.,  runs 
astward  in  Waupaca  co.,  and  enters  the  Wolf  River. 

Waupecong,  or  WaAVpecong,  waw'pe-kong,  a  post- 
amlet  of  Miami  co.,  Ind.,  about  12  miles  S.  of  Peru. 

Waupeton,  or  Waupaton,  waw'p^-ton,  a  post-office 

nd  station  of  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Mississippi  River, 

nd  on  the  Chicago,  Dubuque  <fc  Minnesota  Railroad,  20 

uiles  N.AV.  of  Dubuque. 

Wau'ponsee',  a  township  of  Grundy  co..  111.     P.  720. 

Waupun,  waw-pun',  a  post-village  of  Wisconsin,  on 
he  boundary  between  Dodge  and  Fond  du  Lac  cos.,  and  on 
be  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad  (Northern  di- 
ision),  15  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Ripon,  and  19  miles  S.AV.  of 
Tond  du  Lac.  It  is  about  2  miles  W.  of  the  Chicago  & 
Northwestern  Railroad.  It  is  partly  in  Waupun  township, 
.nd  partly  in  Chester,  which  is  in  Dodge  co.  It  contain*  7 
ihurehes,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  a  state  prison, 
it  has  manufactures  of  chairs,  carriages,  ploughs,  wind- 
hills,  Ac.     Good  limestone  abounds  here.     P.  (1880)  2353. 

Wauregan,  waw-re'gan,  a  post-village  of  Windham 
».,  Conn.,  in  Plainfield  township,  on  the  Quinebaug  River 
Ind  the  Norwich  &  Worcester  Railroad,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Norwich.  It  has  large  cotton-mills,  in  which  sheeting  is 
nanufactured,  and  2  churches. 

I   Waurekauri,  waw-re-kaw'ree,  the  largest  of  the  Chat- 
Jiam  Islands,  Pacific  Ocean,  E.  of  New  Zealand. 

Wausau,  waw'saw,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Marathon 
;o.,  Wis.,  in  Wausau  township,  on  the  Wisconsin  River, 


near  the  mouth  of  Rib  River,  and  on  the  Wisconsin  Valley 
Railroad,  42  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Grand  Rapids,  and  about  33 
miles  N.  of  Stevens  Point.  It  has  2  banks,  3  newsp.aper 
offices,  7  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  several  saw-mills. 
Large  quantities  of  lumber  are  procured  in  Marathon  co. 
and  sent  down  the  river  by  rafts.  Wausau  has  extensive 
water-power.     Pop.  in  1880,  4277;  in  1890,  9253. 

Wausemon,  waw'se-mon,  a  post-office  of  Green  co.. 
Wis.,  on  Pecatonica  River,  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Monroe. 

Wauseon,.  waw'se-on,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Fulton 
CO.,  0.,  in  Clinton  township,  on  the  Air-Line  division  of  tho 
Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  33  miles  W.  by 
S.  of  Toledo,  and  about  12  miles  N.  of  Napoleon.  It  has  2 
newspaper  offices,  a  banking-house,  a  union  school,  5 
churches,  2  machine-shops,  a  flour-mill,  2  saw-mills,  and  a 
sash-factory.     Pop.  in  1880,  1905. 

Waushara,  waw-shah'ra,  a  county  of  Wisconsin,  is 
near  the  middle  of  the  state.*  Area,  648  square  miles.  It 
is  drained  by  Mecan  and  White  Rivers  and  Willow  Creek. 
Fox  River  touches  the  S.E.  part  of  the  county.  The  surface 
is  undulating,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the 
pine,  oak,  sugar-maple,  &c.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad  (South- 
ern division).  Capital,  Wautoma.  Valuation  of  real  and 
personal  estate,  $3,784,234.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,279,  of  whom 
8702  were  Americans ;  in  1880,  12,687, 

Waushara,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lyon  co.,  Kansas,  about 
32  miles  S.W.  of  Topeka. 

Wftuthier-Braine,  voHe-i'-brin,  a  village  of  Bel- 
gium, in  Brabant,  on  the  Haine,  12  miles  S.  of  Brussels. 
Pop.  1453. 

Wautoma,  waw-to'ma,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wau- 
shara CO.,  Wis.,  in  AVautoma  township,  about  50  miles 
W.N.AV.  of  Fond  du  Lac,  and  75  miles  N.  of  Madison.  It 
has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  and  a 
flour-mill.     Pop.  about  500;  of  the  township,  708. 

M'auwatosa,  waw-wa-to'sa,  a  post-village  in  Wau- 
watosa  township,  Milwaukee  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago,  Mil- 
waukee &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  5  miles  W.  of  Milwaukee.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  <fec.     Pop.  of  township,  4233. 

Wauzeka,  wah-ze'ka,  a  post-village  in  Wauzeka  town- 
ship, Crawford  co..  Wis.,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Wisconsin 
River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Kickapoo,  and  on  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  18  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
Prairie  du  Chicn.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school,  » 
steam  saw-mill,  and  a  stave-factory.    Pop.  of  township,  1094, 

Waveland,  wav'Land,  a  post-village  in  Brown  town- 
ship, Montgomery  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Logansport,  Crawfords- 
villo  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  37  miles  N.N.E.  of  Terro 
Ilaufe.  It  contains  the  AVaveland  Collegiate  Institute,  a 
graded  school,  6  churches,  and  a  woollen-factory.  Pop. 
about  700. 

Waveland,  a  post- township  of  Pottawattamie  co.,  Iowa. 
Pop.  465. 

Waveland,  a  post-office  of  Shawnee  co.,  Kansas,  15 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Topeka. 

Waveland,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Hancock  co.. 
Miss.,  on  the  New  Orleans  &  Mobile  Railroad,  and  on  Mis- 
sissippi Sound. 

Wa'veney,  a  river  of  England,  rises  near  the  source 
of  the  Little  Ouse,  with  which  it  forms  nearly  the  whole 
boundary  between  Norfolk  and  Suffolk,  flows  E.  and  N.E., 
and  joins  the  expansion  of  the  Yare  4  miles  S.W.  of  Yar- 
mouth, after  a  course  of  50  miles. 

Wa'verley,  a  post- village  in  Halifax  co..  Nova  Scotia,  3 
miles  from  Rocky  Lake,  and  12  miles  from  Halifax.  This 
is  one  of  the  richest  gold  districts  in  the  province,  and  two 
mines  have  been  opened,  which  yield  good  returns.    P.  600. 

Waverley,  a  post- village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  21 
miles  N.  of  Barrie.     Pop.  150. 

Waverlie,  wa'v?r-le,  post-office,  Rockingham  co.,  Va. 

Wa'verly,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Sa- 
vannah &  Memphis  Railroad,  15  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Opelika. 
It  has  a  church,  2  schools,  and  2  stores. 

Waverly,  a  post-village  in  Waverly  township,  Morgan 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Jacksonville,  Northwestern  &  Southeastern 
Railroad,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Jacksonville.  It  has  a  news- 
paper office,  a  public-school  house  which  cost  $25,000,  2 
banks,  6  churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages  and  farm- 
ing-implements.    Pop.  in  1880,  1124. 

Waverly,  Cass  co.,  Ind.    See  New  Waverly. 

Waverly,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind.,  on  White 
River,  17  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Indianapolis.     It  has  a  church. 

Waverly,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Bremer  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Cedar  River,  and  on  the  Iowa  Pacific  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  the  Cedar  Falls  <fc  Minnesota  Branch  of  the  Illinoi* 


WAV 


2780 


WAY 


Control  Railroad,  12  milos  N.  of  Cedar  Falls,  and  2S  tniloa 
S.S.E.  of  Charloa  City.  It  has  a  high  school,  2  banks,  3 
newspaper  offices,  6  churches,  2  flour-mills,  a  woollen-mill, 
and  A  furnituro-fiictory.     Pop.  in  ISao,  2'MR. 

Waverly,  a  pust-hamlet  of  Coffey  oo.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Kansas  City,  liurlington  A  Santa  F6  liailroad,  19  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Uurlington. 

WaverlVt  a  post-village  of  Union  co.,  Ky.,  20  miles 
6.W.  of  Henderson.  It  has  a  plough-factory,  a  wagon- 
shop,  and  about  25  families. 

Waverly^  a  post-office  of  Madison  parish,  Ln.,  on  the 
Vicksburg,  Sbroveport  &  Texas  liailroad,  33  miles  W.  of 
Vicksburg. 

Waverly*  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  1  or  2 
miles  N.  of  Ualtiinure.  It  has  8  churches,  2  public  schools, 
and  manufiicturea  of  ciKars,  carriages,  Ac.    Pop.  about  3800. 

Waverly*  a  post-hamlet  in  Belmont  township,  Middle- 
sex CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Fitchburg  liailroad,  7i  miles  W.  of 
Boston.     It  has  a  church  and  a  blacking-manufactory. 

Waverly,  a  post-township  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Mich., 
about  18  miles  W.  of  Kalamazoo.     Pop.  1104. 

Waverly,  a  post-township  of  Martin  co.,  Minn.,  on  Elm 
Creek,  about  12  miles  N.E.  of  Fairmount.     Pop.  63. 

Waverly,  a  hamlet  of  Wright  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  St. 
Paul  &  Pacitio  Railroad,  39  miles  W.  of  Minneapolis.  It 
has  a  church.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Waverly  Mills. 
Here  are  two  lakes,  the  distance  between  which  is  about  8 
rods,  and  on  one  of  which  is  a  floating  island  with  an  area 
of  two  acres. 

Waverly,  a  post-village  of  Clay  co..  Miss.,  on  the  tom- 
bigbee  River,  7  milos  above  Columbus.  It  has  a  church,  a 
steam  saw-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Waverly,  a  post-village  of  Lafayette  co.,  Mo.,  on  or 
near  the  S.  bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  22  miles  E.  of 
Lexington,  and  26  miles  below  that  town  by  water.  It  has 
a  savings-bank,  1  other  bank,  and  6  churches.     Pop.  887. 

Waverly,  a  township  of  Lincoln  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1339. 

Waverly,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Neb.,  on  Salt 
Creek  and  the  Burlington  <fe  Missouri  River  liailroad,  12 
miles  N.E.  of  Lincoln.     It  has  a  church. 

Waverly,  a  station  in  Essex  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  railroad 
between  Newark  and  Elizabeth,  2  miles  S.S.W.  of  Newark. 

Waverly,  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.    See  Otto. 

Waverly,  Suffolk  co.,  N.Y.    See  Holtsville. 

Waverly,  a  post-village  in  Barton  township,  Tioga  co., 
N.Y.,  on  Cayuta  Creek,  and  on  the  Erie  and  Lehigh  \''alley 
Railroads,  18  miles  E.S.E.  of  Elmira,  19  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Owego,  and  4  miles  N.  of  Athens.  It  contains  the  Waverly 
Union  High  School,  a  national  biink,  2  other  banks,  3  news- 
paper offices,  7  churches,  3  tanneries,  3  flouring-mills,  a 
paper-mill,  a  foundry,  2  planing-mills,  several  cigar-fac- 
tories, and  car- wheel  works.     Pop.  in  1890,  4123. 

Waverly,  a  village  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  in  East 
Chester  township,  1  mile  from  Tuckahoe  Station.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  marble-quarry. 

Waverly,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pike  co.,  0.,  in  Pee- 
Pee  township,  on  the  Ohio  Canal  and  the  Springfield,  Jack- 
son &  Pomeroy  Railroad,  16  miles  S.  of  Chillicothe,  2  miles 
W.  of  the  Scioto  River,  and  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Jackson. 
It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  a  union  school,  2  banking-houses, 
5  churches,  2  flour-mills,  a  woollen-factory,  and  a  steam 
saw-mill. 

Waverly,  Lackawanna  co.,  Pa.    See  Abington. 

Waverly,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Humphreys  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis  Railroad, 
67  miles  W.  of  Nashville.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a 
church,  and  a  high  school. 

Waverly,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Walker  co.,  Tex., 
on  the  International  &  Qreat  Northern  Railroad,  55  miles 
N.  of  Houston.     It  has  2  churches. 

Waverly,  a  post-office  of  Stevens  co.,  Washington. 

Waverly,  a  post-office  of  Pierce  co.,  AVis. 

Waverly  Hall,  a  post-office  of  Harris  co.,  Qa.,  about 
25  miles  N.E.  of  Columbus. 

Waverly  Mills,  Wright  co.,  Minn.    See  Waveuly. 

Waverly  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Georgetown  co.,  S.C. 

Waverly  Station,  a  post-village  of  Sussex  co.,  Va., 
on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad,  21  miles  S.E. 
of  Petersburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Wavre,  viv'r,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  South  Brabant, 
on  the  Dyle,  15  miles  S.E.  of  Brussels.  Pop.  5986,  who  manu- 
facture hats,  leather,  beer,  and  yarn.  Here  the  French, 
under  Grouchy,  engaged  the  Prussians,  June  18,  1815. 

Wavrc-Notre-Dame,  viv'r-not'r-dim,  &  village  of 
Belgium,  13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  2305. 

Wavre- Sainte- Catherine,  viv'r-siNt-ki't^h-reen', 
a  village  of  Belgium,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Antwerp.    P.  3214. 


Wavrin,  viv'riN-',  a  village  of  Franco,  departmeni 
ord,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Lille.     Pop.  2810.  «*"■«« 


Nord 

Wawaka,  waw-waw'ki>,  a  post-viilano  of  Noble 
Ind.,  in  Elkhart  townshin,  on  Elkhart  lUvcr,  and  on 
Air-Line  division  of  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan  South 
Railroad,  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Goshen.     It  has  a  church  i 
oral  stores,  a  graded  school,  and  a  stavo-faotory.   Pop'  2 

Wawarsing,  wa-war'sing,  a  post-townahi'p  of  iu 
CO.,  N.Y.,  is  intersected  by  Rondout  Crock  and  tbo  Do 
ware  A  Hudson  Canal.  The  surface  is  partly  mountiiino 
It  contains  post-villages  named  Ellenvillo,  Napanoc,  kI 
honkson,  and  AVawarsing.  The  last  i.-  on  Rondout  Cr«» 
28  miles  N.W.  of  Newburg.     Pop.  of  township,  8707. 

Wawayanda,  wlwA-yan'dij,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sum 
CO.,  N.J.,  about  22  milos  N.W,  of  I'aterson. 

Wawayanda,  a  township  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.  Pc 
2057.     It  contains  New  Hainjiton  and  llidgcbury. 

Wawbinck  (waw'bink)  River,  Wisconsin,  rises  nt\ 
the  centre  of  Waupaca  co.,  and,  flowing  S.E.,  enters  \Vu 
River. 

Wa^vewan'tet  River,  a  stream  of  Plymouth  co., 
the  E.  part  of  Massachusett.*,  flows  into  Buttermilk  Bay. 

Wawn,  a  parish  of  England.     See  Waghk."«. 

Wawpecong,  Miami  co.,  Ind.    See  Wa^'peco.ho. 

Wawrzcnczyce,  *4v'zli4n-cheet'8?h,  a  town  of  Koj 
sian  Poland,  in  Kielce,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Cracow.    V.  luui 

Wax^ahach'ie,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ellij  ou' 
Tex.,  about  30  miles  S.  of  Dallas.  It  has  3  newspapers,  | 
bank,  Marvin  College  (Methodist),  which  was  organiiej'i  i 
1869,  3  churches,  a  grist-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  307B. 

Waxahachic  Creek,  Texas,  runs  soutbeastwarj 
through  Ellis  co.,  and  enters  Pecan  Creek. 

Waxhaw,  wax'aw,  a  post-township  of  Lancaster  co.'j 
S.C,  12  miles  S.E.  of  Rock  Hill  Station.  Pop.  900.  Uenera 
Andrew  Jackson  was  born  here. 

Waxhaw  Creek  rises  in  Union  co.,  N.C.,  runs  south 
westward  into  South  Carolina,  and  enters  the  CaUitfb: 
River  in  Lancaster  co. 

Waxholm,  ^ix'holm  (improperly  written  Vaxbolnii 
a  strongly  fortified  town  of  Sweden,  lain  and  15  miles  K.  di 
Stockholm,  on  the  island  of  Waxo  (*ix'o),  in  the  Uulf  <jf 
Bothnia.     Pop.  1022. 

Wax'way,  an  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  off  tbt 
E.  coast  of  Celebes.    Lat.  3°  33'  6. ;  Ion.  123°  17'  E.        .i 

Way  Cross,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ware  oo.,  Ga.,at3 
the  crossing  of  two  railways,  60  miles  W.  of  Brunswick.  Itl 
has  several  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  manufactures  of 
naval  stores,  and  numerous  other  business  concerns.    Pop. 
in  1890,  3364. 

Waygeou,  or  Wnygiou.    See  AYaigeoo. 

Wayland,  wa'land,  a  post-office  of  Schuyler  co.,  111. 

Wayland,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  ioJ 
Wayland  township,  on  the  Sudbury  River,  16  miles  W.  of  | 
Boston.     It  has  a  public  library  and  3  churches.    The  S,  > 
part  of  the  township  touches  Cochituatc  Lake.    Pop.  of  the 
township,  1766.     It  contains  a  hamlet  named  C'ochituato, 
which  has  manufactures  of  boots  and  shoes. 

Wayland,  a  post-village  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  in 
AYayland  township,  on  the  Grand  Rapids  A  Indiana  Rail- 
road, 21  miles  S.  of  Grand  Rapids,  and  about  15  miles  N.E. 
of  Allegan.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  money- 
order  post-office,  a  tannery,  a  planing-mill^  Ac.  Pop.  5S5; 
of  the  township,  1761. 

Wayland,  a  township  of  Chariton  co..  Mo.    Pop.  674. 

Wayland,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Clarke  co..  Mo., 
on  the  Missouri,  Iowa  A  Nebraska  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of 
Alexandria. 

Wayland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  Neb.,  29  miles  S. 
by  AV.  of  Columbus. 

Wayland,  or  Wayland  Depot,  a  post-village  in 
AYayland  township,  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Rochester 
division  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  49  miles  S.  of  Rochester,  and 
5  miles  E.  of  Dansville.  It  has  about  40  houses,  several 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  lumber-mill,  Ac.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  2627 ;  of  the  village  in  1880,  605. 

Wayland,  a  station  on  the  New  York  A  New  England 
Railroad,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Providence,  R.I. 

Wayland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stephens  co.,  Tex.,  100 
miles  AV.  of  Fort  AVorth.     It  has  a  church. 

Wayland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  A'a.,  36  miles 
AY.N.W.  of  Bristol,  Tenn. 

Waylandsburg,  wa'lijnds-bilrg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cul- 
peper  co.,  Va.,  about  100  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Richmond.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Wayland  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.. 
Tenn.,  95  miles  S.S.W.  of  Nashville,  and  22  miles  N.E.  of 
Florencoj  Ala.     It  has  a  church  and  a  mineral  spring. 


WAY 


278J 


"WAT 


Waylesburg,  Indiana.    See  WAiLESBononcH. 
Waylon'zo,  a  post-office  of  Taylor  co.,  Fla.,  about  35 
iles  S.E.  of  Tallahassee. 

Waymansville,  w^'m^nz-vll,  a  post-hamlct  of  Bar- 
olomew  CO.,  Ind.,  about  12  miles  S.W.  of  Coluuibus. 
Waymart)  wa'mart,  a  post-borough  of  Wayne  co.,  Pa., 
B  the  Delaware  &  Hudson  Canal  Company's  Railroad,  6 
|iles  E.  of  Carbondale,  and  10  miles  W.  of  Honesdale.  It 
s  2  churches,  a  normal  school,  a  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill, 
d  general  stores.     Pop.  438. 

Wayne,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Georgia,  has  nn 

ea  of  about  721  square  miles.     It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E. 

the  Altamaha  Kiver,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Satilla 

ver.     The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  mostly  covered 

ith  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.     The  soil  is  sandy  and 

jjor.     This  county  is  intersected  by  3  railroads, — the  Sa- 

iinnah,  Florida  &  Western,  the  Brunswick  &  Western,  and 

he  East  Tennessee,  Virginia  &  Georgia.     Capital,  Jesup. 

|op.  in  1870,  2177;  in  1880,  5980;  in  1890,  7'185. 

!  Wayne,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Illinois,  has  an  area 

""  about  720  square  miles.     It  is  intersected  by  the  Little 

abash  Biver  and  the  Skillet  Fork  of  that  river,  and  also 

ained  by  Elm  Creek.     The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is 

tensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  elm,  hickory, 

aple,  beech,  hemlock,  Ac.     The  soil  is  fertile.     Indian 

rn,  wheat,  oats,  cattle,  hay,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 

ts.     This  county  is  a  part  of  the  great  coal-field  of  Illi- 

It  is  intersected  by  the  Springfield  division  of  the 

hio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  and  by  the  Louisville,  Evans- 

illo  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad.     Capital,  Fairfield.     Pop.  in 

l870,  19,758;  in  1880,  21,291  ;  in  1890,  23,806. 

1  Wayne,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Indiana,  bordering 

|h  Ohio,  has  an  area  of  about  380  square  miles.     It  is  in- 

fersected  by  the  head-streams  of  the  AVhitewater  River, 

lamely,  the  East  Fork,  Noland's  Fork,  Green's  Fork,  and 

he  Martindale  Fork,  which  run  nearly  southward.     The 

prface  is  undulating,  and  about  one-third  of  it  is  covered 

t'ith  forests  of  the  ash,  beech,  elm,  hickory,  sugar-maple, 
ik,  Ac.  The  soil  is  fertile  and  well  cultivated.  Indian 
brn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  pred- 
icts. Good  Silurian  limestone  is  found  here.  This  county 
p  intersected  by  4  railroads, — the  Cleveland,  Cincinnati, 
fhicago  <fe  St.  Louis,  the  Fort  Wayne,  Cincinnati  <fc  Louis- 
ille,  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis,  and 
he  Grand  Rapids  &,  Indiana.  Capital,  Richmond.  Pop. 
a  1870,  34,048;  in  1880,  38,613;  in  1890,  37,628. 
Wayne,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Iowa,  bordering  on 
lissouri,  has  an  area  of  about  525  square  miles.  It  is 
rained  by  the  South  Fork  of  Chariton  River,  and  by  two 
ranches  of  Locust  Creek,  which  rise  in  it.  The  main 
tream  of  the  Chariton  River  touches  the  N.E.  corner  of 
he  county.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified 
Hth  prairies  and  groves  of  deciduous  trees.  The  soil  is 
Brtile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  and  pork  are 
he  staple  products.  Mines  of  bituminous  coal  have  been 
pened  in  this  county.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Keokuk  <fc 
Vestern  Railroad,  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  <fc  St.  Paul  Rail- 
oad,  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  the 
Ihicago,  Burlington  <fc  Quincy  Railroad,  and  the  Humeston 
s  Shenandoah  Railroad.  Capital,  Corydon.  Pop.  in  1870, 
1,287;  in  1880,  16,127;  in  1890,  15,670. 
Wayne,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Kentucky,  border- 
ng  on  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of  about  590  square  miles, 
t  is  intersected  in  the  northern  part  by  the  Cumberland 
liver,  and  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  South  Fork  of  that 
iver,  and  is  drained  by  Beaver  and  Kennedy's  Creeks. 
Che  surface  is  hilly,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  the 
ickory,  ash,  chestnut,  oak,  sugar-maple,  and  other  trees, 
jrhe  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  cattle,  and 
ork  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  minerals  are  iron 
re  and  limestone.  Capital,  Monticello.  Pop.  in  1870, 
0,602;  in  1880,  12,512;  in  1890,12,852. 
Wayne,  the  most  populous  county  of  Michigan,  is  in 
;he  southeastern  part  of  the  state.  Area,  about  565  square 
niles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Lake  St.  Clair  and  the 
Detroit  River,  which  separates  it  from  Canada,  and  is  in- 
;er8ected  by  Huron  and  Kouge  Rivers.  Lake  Eric  touches 
;he  southeastern  part  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  nearly 
evel,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  ash, 
beech,  hickory,  oak,  sugar-maple,  elm,  Ac.  The  soil  is 
'ertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  butter,  horses,  and 
iattle  are  the  staple  products.  Good  Devonian  limestone 
inderlies  the  southeastern  part  of  this  ceunty,  which  has 
sxtensive  manufactures  of  iron,  lumber,  machinery,  rail- 
•oad-cars,  and  many  other  articles.  The  annual  value  of  its 
nanuractured  products  has  sometimes  exceeded  $25,000,000. 
[t  is  intersected  by  the  Flint  <fc  Pere  Marquette  Railroad, 


the  Blichigan  Central  Railroad,  the  Wabash  Railroad,  the 
Lake  Shore  <fc  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  the  Grand 
Trunk  Railroad,  the  Detroit,  Lansing  &  Northern  Rail- 
road, and  the  Detroit,  Grand  Haven  A  Milwaukee  Railroad. 
Capital,  Detroit.  Pop.  in  1870,  119,038;  in  1880,  166,444; 
in  1890,257,114. 

Wayne,  a  county  in  the  E.S.E.  part  of  Mississippi, 
bordering  on  Alabama,  has  an  area  of  about  775  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Chickasawha  River,  which 
here  runs  southward,  and  also  drained  by  Bucatunna  Creek. 
The  surface  is  uneven  or  moderately  hilly,  and  is  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests  of  long-leaved  pine,  oak,  hickory, 
magnolia,  Ac.  The  soil  is  sandy.  Cotton,  maize,  and  pork 
are  t\0  staple  products.  Tertiary  limestone  is  found  here. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Mobile  A  Ohio  Railroad, 
which  connects  with  Waynesborough,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  4206;  in  1880,  8741 ;  in  1890,  9817. 

Wayne,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Missouri,  has  nn 
area  of  about  800  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Big  Black  and  St.  Francis  Rivers,  and  is  partly  drained 
by  Castor  River.  All  of  these  run  southeastward.  The 
surface  is  uneven  or  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered 
with  forests  of  the  oak,  hickory,  sugar-maple,  yellow  pine, 
Ac.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  Copper  is  said  to  be  found  here. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain 
A  Southern  Railroad  and  the  St.  Louis,  Cape  Girardeau  A 
Fort  Smith  Railroad.  Capital,  Greenville.  Pop.  in  1870, 
6068;  in  1880,  9096;  in  1890,  11,927, 

Wayne,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Nebraska,  has  an 
area  of  about  444  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  Logan 
Creek,  and  also  drained  by  Plum  Creek,  both  affluents  of 
the  Elkhorn  River-  The  surface  is  undulating  and  nearly 
destitute  of  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  This  county  is 
traversed  by  two  branches  of  the  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  A 
Omaha  Railroad.  Capital,  Wayne.  Pop.  in  1870,  182;  in 
1880,  813;  in  1890,  6169. 

Wayne,  a  county  of  New  York,  has  an  area  of  about  621 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake  Ontario,  and 
is  drained  by  Clyde  River  and  by  Mud  Creek,  which  unites 
with  the  Canandaigua  Outlet  at  Lyons.  The  surface  is  un- 
duliiting,  and  is  diversified  with  long,  low,  and  parallel 
ridges,  the  direction  of  which  is  N.  and  S.  Forests  of  the 
beech,  ash,  hickory,  elm,  oak,  sugar-maple,  and  other  trees 
cover  nearly  one-sixth  of  the  county.  The  soil  is  very  fer- 
tile. Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  barley,  hay,  butter,  apples, 
and  wool  are  the  staple  pi-oducts.  Among  its  mineral  re- 
sources are  gypsum,  iron  ore,  and  Niagara  limestone  (Upper 
Silurian),  which  is  a  good  material  for  building.  It  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Erie  Canal,  the  New  York  Central  A  Hudson 
River  Railroad,  the  Rome,  Watertown  A  Ogdensburg  Rail- 
road, the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  and  the  We.«t  Shore 
Railroad.  Capital,  Lyons.  Pop.  in  1870,  47,710 ;  in  1880, 
51,700  ;  in  1890,  49,729. 

Wayne,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  North  Caro- 
lina, has  an  area'of  about  615  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Neuse  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Little 
River  and  Nahunta  Creek.  The  surface  is  slightly  undu- 
lating, and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  the  pine,  oak, 
and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  partly  sandy,  and  fertile.  Cotton, 
Indian  corn,  sweet  potatoes,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Wilmington  A 
Weldon  Railroad,  the  Richmond  A  Danville  Railroad,  and 
the  Atlantic  A  North  Carolina  Railroad,  which  centre  at 
Goldsborough,  the  capitaL  Pop.  in  1870, 18,144;  in  1880, 
24,951  ;  in  1890,  26,100. 

Wayne,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  Ohio,  has 
an  area  of  about  540  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
Killbuck  Creek,  and  also  drained  by  the  Chippewa  River 
and  Sugar  Creek  and  the  Lake  Fork  of  the  Mohican.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  partly  covered  with  forests  of 
the  ash,  hickory,  elm,  white  oak,  sugar-maple,  Ac.  The 
soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  butter, 
cattle,  wool,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Mines  of 
bituminous  coal  have  been  opened  in  this  county,  which 
has  also  quarries  of  limestone.  It  is  traversed  by  the 
Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago  Railroad,  the  New  York, 
Lake  Erie  A  Western  Railroad,  the  Cleveland,  Akron  & 
Columbus  Railroad,  and  the  Wheeling  A  Lake  Erie  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Wooster.  Pop.  in  1870,  35,116;  in  1880, 
40,076;  in  1890,  39,005. 

Wayne,  a  county  in  the  extreme  N.E.  part  of  Penn- 
sylvania, borders  on  New  York.  Area,  about  738  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  and  E.  by  the  Delaware 
River,  and  is  drained  by  the  Lackawaxen  River  and  Equi- 
nunk,  Dyberry,  and  Staruoca  Creeks.  The  surface  is  hilly, 
and  nearly  half  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  beech, 


WAY 


2782  WAY 


hickory,  oak,  piuo,  sugar-inaplo,  &o.  Ha.y,  butter,  cattle, 
oata,  and  potittuea  are  the  staple  products  of  the  furiiiH. 
Leather,  butter,  and  lumber  are  the  chief  articles  of  export. 
Old  red  sunJstoae  (Devonian)  underlies  a  large  partoi  the 
•orfooe.  This  county  Is  intersected  by  the  Delaware  & 
Hudson  Cttnal  and  tiie  Ilonosdnle  Branch  of  the  Erie  Rail- 
road, the  main  line  of  which  extends  along  the  N.E.  border. 
Capital,  Ilonosdale.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate, 
$14,091, 168.  Pop.  in  1870,  33,188,  of  whom  26,469  were 
Americans  ;  in  1880,  33,513. 

Wayne,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee,  bordering  on 
Alabama,  has  an  area  of  about  800  square  miles.     It  is 


Sartly  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Tennessee  River,  and  is 
rained  by  Buffalo  River  and  Beech  and  Cypress  Creeks. 
The  surface  is  hilly  or  undulating,  and  nearly  half  of  ifls  cov- 
ered with  forests  of  the  beech,  chestnut,  hickory,  mn]>!e,  oak, 
blaok  walnut,  pine,  tulip-tree,  &c.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cot- 
ton, Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
Among  its  minerals  are  iron  ore  and  limestone.  Capital, 
AVaynesborough.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate, 
$1,561,178.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,209,  of  whom  10,195  were 
Americans;  in  18S0,  11,301. 

Wayne,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  AVest  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  330  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  by  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  W.  by  the  Sandy 
River  and  the  Tug  Fork  of  that  river,  which  separates  it 
from  Kentucky.  It  is  also  drained  by  Twelve  Pole  Creek. 
The  surface  is  diversified  by  hills,  valleys,  and  forests  of 
the  ash,  hickory,  oak,  sugar-maple,  walnut,  tulip-tree,  ic. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Maize,  butter,  and  pork  are  the  sttplcs. 
Bituminous  coal  is  found  here.  Capital,Wayne  Court-llouse. 
Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  §1,874,318.  Pop.  in 
1870,  7852,  of  whom  7824  were  Americans;  in  1880, 14,739. 

Wayne,  a  post-village  of  Du  Pagoco.,  III.,  in  Wayne 
township,  on  the  Chicago  i  Northwestern  Railroad,  7  miles 
S.  by  E.  of  Elgin,  and  35  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Chicago.  It 
has  a  church.  The  township  has  2  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  carriages  and  cheese.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1019. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Allen  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1742. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Bartholomew  co.,  Ind.    P.  1836. 

Wayne,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co.,  Ind. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Fulton  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1131. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Hamilton  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1398. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Henry  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  3318.  It 
contains  Knigbtstown. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Huntington  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  804. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Jay  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1526. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  3664. 
It  contains  Warsaw. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  InJ.    Pop.  3738. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ind.    P.  1418. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Noble  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1236. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1333. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  3220. 
It  contains  Union  City. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Starke  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  606. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind.  Pop.  1801. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.,  adjacent  to 
Richmond.     Pop.  3734. 

Wayne,  a  post-township  of  Henry  co.,  Iowa,  about  14 
miles  N.  of  Mount  Pleasant.  It  contains  4  churches  and  a 
pop.  of  1258. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Mitchell  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  372. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  644. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Doniphan  co.,  Kansas.  Pop. 
2010.     It  contains  Doniphan. 

Wayne,  a  post-village  in  Wayne  township,  Kennebec 
CO.,  Me.,  on  a  beautiful  lake,  15  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Augusta. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  woollen-mill,  a  machine-shop,  and 
manufactures  of  shovel-handles,  sash,  and  blinds.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  938. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Cass  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1431. 

Wayne,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  in  Nankin 
township,  on  the  South  Branch  of  Rouge  River,  and  on  the 
Flint  <fe  Pere  Marquette  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Mich- 
igan Centr.al  Railroad,  18  miles  W.  of  Detroit,  and  26  miles 
N.  of  Monroe.  It  has  4  churches,  a  union  school,  a  news- 
paper office,  and  agricultural  works.     Pop.  833. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Bollinger  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  630. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Buchanan  co..  Mo.     Pop.  803. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Passaic  co.,  N.J.     Pop.  1521. 

Wayne,  a  station  of  the  Montclair  &  Greenwood  Lake 
Eailroad,  14i  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Newark,  N.J. 

Wayne,  a  post-village  in  Wayne  township,  Steuben  co., 
N.Y.,  about  15  miles  N.E.  of  Bath.  It  has  3  churches  and 
a  carriage-shop.  Pop.  about  250.  The  township  is  bounded 
oa  the  N.W.  by  Lake  Keuka.     Pop.  853. 


Wayne,  a  township  of  Adams  co.,  0.    Pop  '.  MO 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Ashtabula  oo  ,  0.'  u  couini 
Linden villf,  and  has  0  chucse-fi.clorioa  ond  n  ik>i..  „f  &u 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Auglaize  CO.,  0.    pui'iou     * 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Belmont  oo.,  0.     Pop.  i;uo' 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Butler  CO.,  0.     IW  lijy^ 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Champaign  co.,  0.'  I'oii.  i:'>9 

»>  ay  no,  a  township  of  Clermont  co.,  0.    Pop.  liiiu'  * 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  0.     Pop.  1267 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.     pji,.  7J(i 

H  uyiie,  a  township  of  Darke  co.,  0.    pop.  lyjjV.      * 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  0.     p„i,.  \zu 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  0.     Pop.  lioi 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Knox  oo.,  0.    Pup.  liiis. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Monroe  oo.,  0.     I'oj,.  12^2. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  0.     po'p.  Ilfto 

Hayne,  a  township  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.     \\>».  lios' 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Noble  co.,  0.    Pop.  7StC. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Pickaway  co.,  0.     Pop.  "90. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.     Pop.  1 132 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  0.  Pop.  2905.  It 
contains  Waynosvjlle  and  Mount  Holly. 

Wayne,  a  post-township  of  Wayne  co.,0.,  about  3  mili^ 
N.  of  Wooster.  The  surface  is  undulating  ;  the  soil  a  rich 
loam.     It  is  apurely  agricultural  townchip.     Pop.  1714. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa.     I'op.  2028. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Clinton  oo.,  Pa.     Pop.  7ul. 

Wayne,  Clinton  co..  Pa.    See  .MAcEi.UATTA.f. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Crawford  co..  Pa.     Pop.  14«i 

Wayne,  a  station  in  Delaware  co..  Pa.    See  Louella. 

Wayne,  Erie  co.,  Pa.     See  Bkaveii  Dam. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Greene  co..  Pa.    Pop.  1563. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1040. 

M'ayne,  a  township  of  Mi  IB  in  co..  Pa.    Pop.  1453. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1510. 

Wayne,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Pa.    Pop.  476. 

Wayne,  Wayne  co..  Pa.    See  Stauucca. 

■Wayne,  a  township  of  Lafayette  co..  Wis.    P()p.  1081. 

Wayne,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wayne  township,  Washing- 
ton CO.,  Wis.,  about  20  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Fond  Lu  Lac. 

Wayne  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rose  township, 
AVayne  co.,  NY.,  about  35  miles  E.  of  Rochester.  It  hu 
a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  machine-shop. 

Wayne  Centre,  a  hamlet  of  Wayne  township,  Craw- 
ford CO.,  Pa.,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Coohranton. 

Wayne  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  III.,  16 
miles  W.  of  Fairfield.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Wayne  Court-IIouse,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Wayne  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  Twelve  Pole  Creek,  18  miles  S.  of 
Huntington.     It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  and  a  tannery. 

Wayne  Four  Corners,  post-office,  Steuben  co.,  N.Y. 

Wayne  Fur'nace,  a  post- village  of  Wayne  co.,  Tunn., 
40  miles  S.W.  of  Columbia.  It  has  2  churches,  about  150 
houses,  and  a  blast-furnace  which  produces  annually  6000 
tons  of  pig-iron.     Iron  ore  is  found  here.     Pop.  about  81)0. 

Wayne  Junction,  on  the  Gcrmautown  division  of  the 
Philadelphia  &  Reading  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the 
New  York  division,  is  4^  miles  from  the  initial  station. 

Waynesborough,  wanz'bur-riih,  a  post-village,  cn])i- 
tal  of  Burke  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Augusta  Branch  of  the  Cen- 
tral Railroad  of  Georgia,  32  miles  S.  of  Augusta.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house,  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  the 
Haven  Normal  School.     Pop.  in  1890,  1711. 

Waynesborough,  a  post-village, capital  of  Wayncco., 
Miss.,  on  the  Chickasawha  River  and  the  Mobile  A  Ohio 
Railroad,  52i  miles  S.  of  Meridian.  It  has  3  or  4  churches, 
a  saw-mill,  a  distillery  of  turpentine,  and  30  families. 

Waynesborough,  a  post-borough  in  Wiisliingtmi 
township,  Franklin  co.,  Pa.,  near  South  Mountain  and 
Antietam  Creek,  on  the  Mont  Alto  Railroad,  about  14 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Chambersburg.  It  has  7  churchcn,  2 
hotels,  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  schoo' 
and  several  flouring-mills  and  factories.     P.  (ISUO)  3311. 

Waynesborough,  a  station  in  Franklin  co..  Pa., 
on  the  AVestern  Maryland  Railroad,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Hagerstown,  Md. 

Waynesborough,  a  post-village,  capital  of  AVayne 
CO.,  Tenn.,  about  90  miles  S.AV.  of  Nashville.  It  has  2 
churches  and  an  academy.     Pop.  about  250. 

Waynesborough,  a  post-village  of  Augusta  co.,  A'u., 
on  the  South  River  and  the  Chesapeake  <t  Ohio  Railroad, 
12  miles  S.E.  of  Staunton.  It  hiis  5  churches,  and  miinu- 
facturcs  of  furniture  and  sash  and  blinds.     Pop.  530. 

Waynesburg,  wanz'burg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Decatur 
CO.,  Ind.,  about  15  miles  E.  of  Columbus. 

Waynesburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  oo.,Ky.,  about 
50  miles  S.  of  Lexington.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 


WAY 


9788 


WEA 


I  Waynesburg,  or  Wel'lerville,  a  hamlet  in  Au- 
Urn  township,  Crawford  co.,  0.,  about  6  miles  W.S.W.  of 
flymouth. 

j  Waynesburar,  a  post-village  in  Sandy  township,  Stark 
p.,  0.,  on  Sandy  Creek  and  the  Tuscarawas  Branch  of  the 
[lereland  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Canton. 
jt  has  a  bank,  a  union  school*,  5  churches,  a  foundry,  and 
Manufactories  of  furniture,  farming-implements,  flour,  <to. 
[op.  in  1880,  622. 

Waynesburg,  a  village  in  Honey  Brook  township, 
jjester  to.,  Pa.,  on  the  Waynesburg  Branch  of  the  Penn- 
trlvania  Railroad,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Downingtown,  and 
bout  20  miles  S.  of  Reading.     It  has  a  national  bank  and 

churches.  Here  is  Honey  Brook  Post-Office.  Pop.  470. 
i  Waynesburg,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Greene  co., 
|a.,  in  Marion  township,  on  Ten  Mile  Creek,  and  on  the 
Vaynesburg  ifc  Washington  Railroad,  45  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
littsburg.  It  contains  a  court-house,  7  churches,  a  national 
bnk,  a  savings-bank,  3  newspaper  oflSces,  the  Waynes- 
lirg  College  (Cumberland  Presbyteri.an),  which  was  or- 
anized  in  1850,  a  foundry,  2  machine-shops,  2  steam 
laning-mills,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  2101. 

Waynesburg  Junction,  Pennsylvania.  See  Suplke. 

Waynesfieid,  wani'feeld,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wayne 
)wnship,  Auglaize  co.,  0.,  about  13  miles  S.E.  of  Lima, 
t  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  2  stores. 

Waynesfieid,  a  township  of  Lucas  co.,  0.  Pop.  2045. 
i  Waynesviile,  wanz'vil,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  oo., 
|[a.,  on  the  Brunswick  <fc  Albany  Railroad,  24  miles  W.  by 
If.  of  Brunswick.  It  has  2  churches. 
I  Waynesviile,  a  post-village  in  Waynesviile  township, 
Je  Witt  CO.,  111.,  on  the  Kickapoo  River  and  the  Illinois 
lidland  Railroad,  32  miles  N.byW.  of  Decatur,and  about 
i  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bloomington.  It  has  2  churches  and  a 
raded  school.  Pop.  about  300 ;  of  the  township,  970. 
j  Waynesviile,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bartholomew  co.,  Ind., 
n  the  Jefi°ersonville,  Madison  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  7 
kiles  S.  of  Columbus.     Pop.  104. 

[Waynesviile,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pulaski  co., 
lo.,  on  Roubidoux  Creek,  about  1  mile  from  Gasconade 
liver,  and  50  miles  (direct)  S.  of  Jefierson  City.  It  has  a 
»wspiiper  office,  3  churches,  2  banks,  a  seminary,  a  cotton- 
ictory,  and  a  planing-mill. 

Waynesviile,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Haywood  co., 
ir.C,  in  Waynesviile  township,  about  140  miles  W.  by  N. 
|f  Charlotte.  It  is  surrounded  by  mountains.  Pop.  of  the 
pwnship,  1543. 

I  Waynesviile, a  post-village  in  Wayne  township,  War- 
bn  CO.,  0.,  on  the  Little  Miami  River  and  the  Little  Miami 
lailroad,  50  miles  N.E.  of  Cincinnati,  and  about  10  miles 
S.E.  of  Lebanon.  It  has  6  churches,  a  high  school,  a 
lational  bank,  1  other  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  2  flouring- 
pills,  and  2  carriage-factories.  Pop.  745. 
t  Waynetown,  wan'tSwn,  a  post-village  in  Wayne 
Dwnship,  Montgomery  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Indianapolis, 
Sloomington  &  Western  Railroad,  11  miles  W.  by  N.  of 
frawfordsville.  It  has  4  churches,  2  cabinet-shops,  and  2 
jilversmiths.     Pop.  about  650. 

j  Wayn'manviile,  a  post-office  of  Upson  co.,  Ga.,  about 
to  miles  S.  of  Atlanta. 

Way,  Poolo,  poo'lo  wA,  an  island  in  the  Gulf  of  Siam. 
Lat.  9°  58'  N. ;  Ion.  102°  48'  E. 

I  Way'side,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  Ala.,  50  miles 
N.E.  of  Columbus,  Miss.     It  has  a  church. 
i  Wayside,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co.,  Wis.,  about  20 
iiles  S.  of  Green  Bay. 

!  Way'side,  a  post- village  in  Cumberland  oo.,  Nova  Sco- 
Sa,  6  miles  from  River  Philip. 

I  SVay's  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Stanstead  oo.,  Quebec, 
•0  miles  N.N.E.  of  Stanstead.     Pop.  200. 
I  Way's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Bryan  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Atlantic  &  Gulf  Railroad,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Savannah. 

Wayzata,  wi-zat'a,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort 
f  Hennepin  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  N.E.  shore  of  Minnetonka 
Lake,  and  on  the  St.  Paul  &  Pacific  Railroad,  25  miles  AV. 
f  St.  Paul,  and  14  miles  W.  of  Minneapolis.  It  has  a 
hurch.  Two  steamboats  are  running  regularly  on  the  lake, 
irhioh  is  remarkable  for  its  beauty  and  is  visited  by  many 
liersons  from  the  far  South. 

!   Wazeerabad,  a  town  of  India.    See  Vazeeuabad. 
[  Wazemmes,  vAV,5mm',  a  town  of  France,  in  Nord, 
(.nd  an  important  suburb  of  the  city  of  Lille,  on  the  S.W. 
'op.  18,000.     It  has  tanneries  and  dye-works. 

Wea,  we'ah,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tippecanoe  eo.,  Ind.,  on 
he  AVabash  Railroad,  6  or  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lafayette. 
i;t  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  an  elevator. 
'   Wea,  n  post-hamlet  of  Miami  co.,  Kansas,  in  Wea  town- 


ship, 20  miles  N.E.  of  Paola.  It  has  a  church  and  a  wind- 
mill for  grain.  Pop.  of  the  township,  2203.  It  is  drained 
by  Wea  Creek. 

Wea  Creek,  Tippecanoe  co.,  Ind.,  enters  the  Wabash 
River  from  the  left,  4  miles  below  Lafayette. 

Weakley,  week'l^,  a  county  of  West  Tennessee,  border- 
ing on  Kentucky,  has  an  area  of  about  600  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  North,  Middle,  and  South  Forks  of 
the  Obion  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  beech,  hickory,  gum, 
oak,  poplar  or  tulip-tree,  Ac.  In  1870  it  had  214,346  acres 
of  woodland.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  com,  to- 
bacco, cattle,  wheat,  ond  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  A 
St.  Louis  Railroad  and  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  A  Chi- 
cago Railroad.  Capital,  Dresden.  Valuation  of  real  and 
personal  estate,  $5,086,875.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,756,  of  whom 
20,719  were  Americans;  in  1880,  24,538. 

Weald,  weeld  (The),  of  Kent,  Sussex,  and  Surrey,  Eng- 
land, comprises  the  area  formerly  occupied  by  the  Saxon  Ah- 
drediwald  {or  Anderida  Sylva  under  the  Romans),  long  a 
dense  forest,  between  the  North  and  South  Downs,  from 
near  Farnham  and  Petersfield  (Hants),  eastward  to  the  sea 
at  Hythe,  Rye,  and  Eastbourne.  It  is  still  in  great  part 
richly  wooded,  and  contains  only  a  few  small  towns. 

Wear,  weer,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Durham,  rises 
at  the  W.  extremity  of  the  county,  flows  eastward,  and 
enters  the  North  Sea  at  Wearraouth.     Length,  67  miles. 

Weare  (ware),  or  Ware,  a  township  of  Oceana  co., 
Mich.,  about  3  miles  E.  of  Pentwator,  which  is  on  Lake 
Michigan.     Pop.  575. 

Weare,  a  post-village  of  Hillshorough  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Weare  township,  about  13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Concord.  It  has 
a  seminary  for  both  sexes.  The  township  is  intersected  by 
the  Manchester  &  North  Weare  Railroad,  and  contains  a 
village  named  North  Weare.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2092. 

Wear's  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Sevier  co.,  Tcnn. 

Weatherby,  a  post-office  of  Baker  eo.,  Oregon. 

Weath'erford,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Parker  co., 
Tex.,  about  66  miles  W.  of  Dallas.  It  has  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  high  school,  2  banking-houses,  4  churches,  and  2 
flour-mills.  It  is  surrounded  by  a  hilly  or  undulating 
country.     Pop.  in  1890,  3369. 

Weatherly,  wern'^r-le,  a  post-borough  of  Carbon  co., 
Pa.,  in  Lausanne  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Lehigh  Valley 
Railroad,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Hazleton,  and  14  miles  N.W. 
of  Mauch  Chunk.  It  has  a  manufactory  of  locomotives  and 
cars,  and  3  or  4  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  2961. 

Weath'ersiield,  a  township  of  Trumbull  oo.,  0.  Pop 
6583.     It  contains  Niles. 

Weathersfield,  wetH'^ri-feeld,  a  post-township  of 
Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Connecticut 
River,  and  intersected  by  Black  River.  It  contains  the 
villages  of  Perkinsville  and  Ascutneyville,  and  a  post- 
hamlet  named  Weathersfield,  which  is  on  the  Connecticut 
River,  3  miles  from  Claremont,  N.H.  Ascutney  Mountain 
is  on  the  border  of  this  township.     Pop.  of  township,  1557. 

Weathersfield  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Windsor  co., 
Vt.,  about  18  miles  N.  of  Bellows  Falls. 

Weatogue,  wee-t5g',  a  post-hamlet  of  Hartford  oo., 
Conn.,  in  Simsbury  township,  on  the  Farmington  River 
and  the  Now  Haven  k  Northampton  Railroad,  40  miles  N. 
of  New  Haven. 

Weaton,  Indiana.    See  Wea. 

Weaubleau  (waw'blo)  City,  a  post-office  of  Hickory 
CO.,  Mo. 

Weav'er,  or  Weev'er,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of 
Chester,  joins  the  estuary  of  the  Mersey  at  Winton.  Length, 
45  miles.     Principal  affluents,  the  Dane  and  Peovcr. 

Weaver,  wee'v^r,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wabasha  co.,  Minn., 
on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  k  St.  Paul  Railroad,  14  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Wabasha. 

Weaver's  Corners,  a  post-bamlet  of  Huron  co.,  0., 
18  miles  S.  of  Sandusky.  It  has  a  grist-mill,  a  tannery, 
and  a  store. 

Weaver's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Warren  co.,  N.C. 

Weaversford,  weo'v^rt-ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ash« 
CO.,  N.C,  30  miles  S.  of  Marion,  Va.     It  has  2  churches. 

Weaver's  Old  Stand,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmore- 
land CO.,  Pa.,  1  mile  from  Youngwood  Station,  which  is  5i 
miles  S.  of  Greensburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Weaver's  Station,  a  po?t-hanilct  of  Calhoun  co., 
Ala.,  on  the  Selma,  Rome  k  Dalton  Railroad,  56  miles  S.W. 
of  Rome.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  2  stores. 

Weaver's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Darke  oo.,  0., 

on  the  railroad  between  Greenville  and  Richmond,  6  miles 

1  S.S.W.  of  Greenville.     It  haa  2  flour-mills  and  a  saw-milU 


y/EA. 


2784 


WEB 


Weaver's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stewart  co.,  Tenn., 
20  miles  W.  of  Clarksville.     It  has  a  tobnccu-fivctory. 

Weaversville,  weo'v^rx-vll,  a  post-haralet  of  North- 
ampton CO.,  Pa.,  6  miles  N.  of  Allontown.  It  has  an 
aciuioiny,  2  churches,  and  a  manufactory  of  roofing-shite. 

Wcavcrton,  a  post-olBoe  of  Wayne  co.,  Ky.,  about  IS 
miles  S.W.  of  Somerset. 

Weaverville,  wee'vQr-vIl,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
T-inity  co.,  Cal.,  is  in  a  mountainous  region,  about  35  miles 
W  N.W.  of  Shiwto,  and  3  miles  N.  of  the  Trinity  River. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  banlc.  Qold  is 
found  near  this  place.     Pup.  816. 

Weavervilie,  a  post-village  of  Buncombe  co.,  N.C.,  8 
miles  N.  of  Ashville.  It  contains  a  church,  the  Weaver- 
ville  College,  2  flouring-mills,  and  a  woollen-factory. 

We'aw,  a  post-office  of  Humphreys  co.,  Tenn. 

Webb,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area  of 
about  16S0  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the 
Kio  Grande,  which  sepurates  it  from  Mexico.  The  surface 
is  nearly  level.  The  soil  produces  pasture  for  sheep  and 
cattle.  Wool  and  cattle  are  the  chief  exports.  This  county 
is  intersected  by  3  niilroads.  Capital,  Laredo.  Pup.  in 
1S70,  2615;  in  1880,  6273;  in  18«0,  14,842. 

Webb,  a  post-hamlct  of  Wood  co.,  0.,  on  the  North- 
western Ohio  Railroad,  10  or  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Toledo.  It 
has  a  saw-mill  and  a  stuve-factory. 

Webb  City,  or  South  O'zark,  a  post-hamlct  of 
Franklin  co..  Ark.,  on  the  Arknnsas  River,  opposite  Oxark, 
and  I  of  a  mile  from  Ozark  Railroad  Station.  It  bag  a 
church.     Here  is  Webb  City  Post-Office. 

Webb  City,  or  Webb'ville,  a  city  of  Jasper  co., 
Mo.,  on  the  Joplin  Railroiid,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Joplin  City, 
and  about  9  miles  S.W.  of  Curthagc.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  and  2  furnaces  for  lead,  which  is 
mined  near  this  place.     Pop.  in  1890,  6043. 

Web'ber  Lake,  a  lake  and  summer  resort  of  Sierra 
CO.,  Cal,,  24  miles  N.  of  Truckee  Station. 

Webber's,  Howard  co.,  Ind.     See  FAinpiEi.n. 

Web'ber's,  or  Johnson's  Mills,  a  seaport  of  Nova 
Scotia,  CO.  of  Annapolis,  on  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  at  the  en- 
trance to  Digby  Gut,  14  miles  from  Annapolis.     Pop.  360. 

Webber's  Falls,  a  post  village  of  Cherokee  Nation, 
Indian  Territory,  on  Arkansas  River,  20  miles  S.B.  of 
Muscogee  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Web'berville,  Ingham  co.,  Mich.    See  Le  Roy. 

Webberville,  a  post-village  of  Travis  oo.,  Tex.,on  the 
Colorado  River,  about  20  miles  below  Austin.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  drug-store,  and  2  other  stores.     Pop.  330. 

Webb's,  a  post-office  of  Green  co.,  Ky.,  about  96  miles 
S.  of  Louisville. 

Webb's  Cross  Roads,  post-office,  Russell  co.,  Ky. 

Webb's  Ford,  a  post-office  of  Rutherford  co.,  N.C. 

Webb's  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co..  111.,  9 
miles  N.E.  of  Benton.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Webb's  Land'ing,  a  trading-point  of  Contra  Costa 
CO.,  Cal.,  on  the  Sacramento  River,  about  24  miles  N.AV.  of 
Stockton. 

Webb's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  in  Casco  township,  Cum- 
berland CO.,  Me.,  about  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Portland. 

Webb's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chemung  co.,  N.Y., 
6  miles  S.W.  of  Elmira.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and 
a  tannery.     Pop.  about  150. 

Webb's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Ritchie  co.,  W.  Va. 

Webb  Sum'mit,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Hocking 
,co.,  0.,  on  the  Straitsville  Branch  of  the  Columbus  &  Hock- 
ing Valley  Railroad,  5  miles  N.N.E.  of  Logan. 

Webbville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ky.,  3  miles 
from  Willard.     It  has  2  churches. 

Web  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jack  co.,  Tex.,  85  miles 
N.W.  of  Fort  Worth.  It  has  a  church. 
.  Wc'ber,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Utah.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  the  Great  Salt  Lake,  and  intersected  by  Weber 
River.  The  surface  is  diversified  by  picturesque  scenery. 
This  county  comprises  a  part  of  the  Wahsatch  Mountains 
and  several  deep  canons.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  produces 
wheat,  pasture,  Ac.  "  The  scenery,"  says  Hayden,  "  can 
hardly  oe  surpassed  in  any  country  for  wild  picturesque 
beauty."  Carboniferous  limestone  abounds  here.  The  Union 
Pacific,  Central  Pacific,  and  Utah  Central  Railroads  con- 
nect at  Ogden,  which  is  the  capital  of  this  county.  Area, 
about  650  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1870,  7858;  in  1880, 
12,344;  in  1890,  22,723. 

Weber,  Jackson  co.,  0.    See  Peteusburg. 

Weber,  a  station  in  Morgan  co.,  Utah,  en  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Ogden. 

Weber  City,  a  hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  Utah,  1  mile 
flrom  PetarsoD  Station. 


Weber  Quar'ry,  a  station  of  the  Union  P.cifl.  R.ii 
road,  33  n.iles  E.S.E.  of  Og.lon,  Utah.  ""' 

Weber  River,  Utah,  rises  in  Summit  co.,  runs  north 
westward,  passes  through  the  Wah.mtch  Range  by  %  ,tu 
pendous  gorge  called  Weber  CaRon,  intersecU  Welnjr  co 
and  enters  Great  Salt  Lake.  "Weber  Uivor,  tt,o„..i 
small,"  says  Cyrus  Thomas,  "is  remarkable  n-     •'  ^ 

gateway  directly  through  the  Wahsatch  Riui. 
Weber  Cafions  presenting  some  of  the  gramli-: 
the  West."     The  trains  of  the  Union  Pacific  lUllroml  tur 
through  these  canons. 

Web'ertown,  a  i)ost-haralet  of  Highland  and  Cllnlor 
COS.,  0.,  3  miles  from  Lynchburg  Sution.  It  baa  a  church 
a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mili.  ' 

Web'ster,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Georgia,  hu 
an  area  of  about  225  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Kin. 
chafoona  Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly  level.  The  m\ 
is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  tli« 
staple  products.  Capital.  Preston.  Pop.  in  1870  4677  • 
in  1880,  6237;  in  1890,  6695.  '  ' 

Webster,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  lows 
has  an  area  of  720  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  ilie 
I)es  Moines  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  Litnrd  Uivcr. 
The  surfuce  is  undulating.  The  soil  is  fertile.  In(li;in 
corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  pro.lii.  i-. 
The  greater  part  of  this  county  is  jirairie.  The  scare  it\  : 
timber  is  couipen.«ated  by  extensive  beds  of  bituminous "  .  il. 
Among  its  mineral  resources  are  liinestune  and  gypiuiii.  It 
is  traversed  by  the  Dubuque  &  Cherokee  division  of  the 
Illinois  Central  Railroad  and  by  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island 
<t  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Fort  Dodge.  Pop.  id  1870 
10,484;  in  1880,  15,951  ;  in  1890,  21,582.  ' 

Webster,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Kentucky,  has  nn 
area  of  about  340  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E. 
by  Green  River,  and  is  drained  by  Clear  and  Deer  Crcek«. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  uneven,  and  nearly  half  of  it 
is  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Tobacco,  Indian 
corn,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Bituminous  coal  is 
found  here.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Louisville  i 
Nashville  Railroad.  Capital,  Dixon.  Pop.  in  1870, 10,037  : 
in  1880,  14,246;  in  1890,  17,196. 

Webster,  a  parish  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Louisiana,  bor- 
dering on  Arkansas,  has  an  area  of  about  609  square  mile*. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Bayou  Dorcheat,  which  enters  Lake 
Bistineau  in  the  southern  part  of  the  parish.  The  surface 
is  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the 
hickory,  magnolia,  oak,  pine,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is 
fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  product;. 
Capital,  Minden.     Pop.  in  1880,  10,005;  in  1890,  12,46fi. 

Webster,  formerly  Sumner,  a  county  in  the  N.  cen- 
tral part  of  Mississippi,  has  an  area  of  about  4:!0  square 
miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Big  Black  River,  and  also  by 
Wolf  Creek  and  other  small  streams.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating and  partly  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile. Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products. 
Capital,  Walthall.     Pop.  in  1S80,  9534 ;  in  1890,  12,060. 

Webster,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Missouri, 
has  an  area  of  about  630  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the 
Niangua  River,  which  rises  in  it  and  runs  northward,  the 
James  River  (a  branch  of  the  White  River),  which  runs 
southwestward,  and  Finley  Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly, 
and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  hickory,  ash, 
oak,  maple,  pine,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile. 
Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
Among  its  minerals  are  iron  ore,  lead,  and  limestone.  It 
it  intersected  by  the  St.  Louis  A  San  Francisco  Railroad. 
Capital,  Marshfield.  Pop.  in  1870, 10,4.S4;  in  1880, 12,175; 
in  1890,  15,177. 

Webster,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Nebraska,  border- 
ing on  Kansas,  has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Republican  River,  which  here  runs  east- 
ward. The  surface  is  undulating,  and  nearly  destitute  of 
forests.  The  soil  is  fertile  and  produces  natural  pasture. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Burlington  &  Missouri 
River  Railroad.  Capital,  Red  Cloud.  Pop.  ia  1876,2962; 
in  1880,  7104;  in  1890,  11,210. 

Webster,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  West  Vir- 
ginia, has  ao  area  of  about  416  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  theGaulcy  River,  and  also  drained  by  the  head- 
streams  of  the  Elk  River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  mostly 
covered  with  forests  of  the  hickory,  ash,  oak,  sugar-maple, 
and  other  trees.  Indian  corn,  oats,  grass,  Ac,  are  the  staple 
j)roducts.  Capital,  Addison,  situated  on  the  Elk  River. 
Pop.  in  1870,  1730;  in  1880,  3207;  in  1890,  4783. 

Webster,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Ala. 

Webster,  a  post-office  of  Park  co..  Col.,  on  the  Denver, 
South  Park  &  Pacific  Railroad,  69  miles  S.W.  of  Denver. 


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IWebster,  n,  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  co.,  111.,  about  13 

tiles  AV.  of  Mauoinb.     It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school, 

id  a  carriage-factory. 

i  Webster,  a  township  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1025. 

'Webster,  a  hamlet  in  Tippecanoe  township,  Kosciusko 

f.,  Ind.,  on  Tippecanoe  River,  about  10  miles  N.E.  of  War- 

iw,  and  i  mile  from  Boydston's  Mills  Post-OfiSoe.     It  has 

(churches.     Pop.  87. 

I  Webster,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.,  about  6 

files  N.N.W.  of  Richmond.     It  has  2  churches,  a  wagon- 

|iop,  and  a  saw-mill.     It  is  sometimes  called  Dover. 

Webster,  Hamilton  co.,  Iowa.    See  AVebster  City. 

Webster,  a  township  of  Hamilton  co.,  Iowa.     P.  818. 

I  Webster,  a  post-hamlet  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa,  8  miles 

i.E.  of  Sigourney,  and  about  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Oskaloosa. 

I  has  1  or  2  churches. 

!  Webster,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa.     P.  625. 

{ Webster,  a  township  of  AVebster  co.,  Iowa,     P.  644. 

i  Webster,  a  post-hamlet  of  Breckenridge  co.,  Ky.,  about 

8  miles  S.AV.  of  Louisville. 

I  Webster,  a  post-hamlet  in  AVebster  township,  Andros- 

>ggin  CO.,  Me.,  8  or  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lewiston,  and  2  miles 

).  of  the  Maine  Central  Railroad.     It  has  a  church.     The 

;.  part  of  the  township  borders  on  Sabattus  Pond.   Pop.  of 

ie  township,  939. 

'  Webster,  a  station  in  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  on  the  Pen- 

jbscot  River  and  the  European  <t  North  American  Rail- 

kad,  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bangor. 

I  Webster,  a  post-village  in  AVebster  township,  AA'orces- 

»r  CO.,  Mass.,  on  French  River,  and  on  the  Norwich  & 

j^orcester  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  two  branches  of  the 

few  York  &  New  England  Railroad,  16  miles  S.  of  AVor- 

^ster,  and  58  miles  AV.S.AV.  of  Boston.     It  has  a  national 

Idnk,  a  savings-bank,  a  newspaper  ofiBco,  2  hotels,  a  foun- 

ry,  and  extensive  manufactures   of  cotton  and  woollen 

bods  and  shoes.     Pop.  of  the  township  In  1890,  7031. 

j  Webster,  a  post-township  of  AVashtenaw  co.,  Mich., 

bout  40  miles  AV.  by  N.  of  Detroit.     It  is  bounded  N.AV. 

y  Portage  Lake,  and  drained  by  Huron  River.     Pop.  911. 

Webster,  a  township  of  Rice  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  614. 

Webster,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVinston  co..  Miss.,  about  40 
liles  AV.S.AV,  of  Columbus. 

Webster,  a  post-office  of  Oregon  co..  Mo.,  about  85 
kiles  S.S.AV.  of  Ironton. 

Webster,  St.  Louis  co..  Mo.     See  AVebster  Grove. 

Webster,  a  post-office  of  Dodge  co..  Neb.,  about  22 
liles  N.AV.  of  Fremont. 

Webster,  a  post-village  in  AVebster  township,  Merri- 
lack  CO.,  N.H.,  on  Black  River,  14  miles  N.AV.  of  Concord, 
t  has  2  or  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  clothes- 
ins,  and  leather-board.     Pop.  of  the  township,  689. 

Webster,  a  post-village  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  in  AA'^ebster 
Bwnship,  on  the  Lake  Ontario  Shore  Railroad,  10  miles  E. 
f  Charlotte,  and  11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Rochester.  It  has  3 
r  4  churches  and  a  union  school.  Pop.  291.  The  town- 
hip  is  bounded  N.  by  Lake  Ontario,  Pop.  2819.  See  also 
Vebster's  Crossing. 

Webster,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Jackson  co.,  N.C., 
n  AA''ebster  township,  on  the  Tuckascgee  or  Little  Tcn- 
lessee  River,  about  150  miles  AV.  of  Charlotte.  It  has  a 
hurch.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1407. 

Webster,  a  post-hamlet  of  Darke  co.,  0.,  about  37 
niles  N.N.AV,  of  Dayton,     It  has  a  church, 

Webster,  Scioto  co.,  0.    See  Iron  Furnace, 

Webster,  a  township  of  Scioto  co.,  0,     Pop.  200. 

Webster,  a  township  of  AVood  co.,  0.    Pop.  922. 

Webster,  a  post-village  of  AVestmoreland  co.,  Pa.,  in 
llostraver  township,  on  the  Monongahela  River,  about  24 
jniles  S.  by  E.  of  Pittsburg. 

I  Webster,  a  post-hamlet  of  Roane  co.,  Tenn.,  on  Big 
Pmory  River,  4  miles  N.  of  Kingston.  It  haa  a  church. 
3oal  is  found  here. 

Webster,  a  post-office  of  AVood  co.,  Tex, 

Webster,  a  post-village  of  Taylor  co.,  AV.  Va.,  on  the 
Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Railroiwi,  4  miles  S.AA'^.  of  Grafton.  It 
lias  2  churches,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  carriage-shop, 

Webster,  a  township  of  A''ernon  co.,  AVis.     Pop.  996. 

Webster  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVebster  co..  Neb., 
near  the  Republican  River,  4i  miles  from  Red  Cloud.  It 
bag  a  grist-mill. 

Webster  City,  or  Webster,  a  post-village,  capital 
of  Hamilton  co.,  Iowa,  in  Boone  township,  on  the  Boone 
River  and  the  Dubuque  &  Sioux  City  Railroad,  20  miles 
E.  of  Fort  Dodge,  and  73  miles  AV.  of  Cedar  Falls.  It  con- 
Itains  6  churches,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  2  news- 
paper offices,  a  graded  school,  a  steam  flour-mill,  2  machine- 
fihops,  and  a  fanning-mill-factory.    Pop,  in  1890,  2892. 


Webster  Court-Honse,a  small  post-village,  capital 
of  AVebster  co.,  AV.  A'a.,  on  Elk  River,  near  its  source,  about 
75  miles  E,  by  N.  of  Charleston.     It  has  2  churches. 

Webster  Grove,  a  post-village  of  St.  Louis  co..  Mo., 
on  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad,  at  AVebster  Station,  10 
miles  AV.S.AV.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  several  churches,  and 
residences  of  many  business-men  of  St.  Louis, 

Webster  Place,  a  post-office  of  Elbert  co.,  Ga. 

Webster  Place,  a  station  in  Plymouth  co..  Mass,,  on 
the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  36  miles  S.E.  of  Boston, 

Webster's  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y, 

Web'ster's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  in  AMctoria  co., 
New  Brunswick,  31  miles  from  Edmundston.     Pop.  100. 

Webster's  Cross'ing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Livingston 
CO.,  N.Y.,  at  AVebster  Station  on  the  Rochester  division 
of  the  Erie  Railroad,  42  miles  S.  of  Rochester.  It  has  a 
lumber-mill  and  about  18  houses. 

Webster's  Mills,  a  station  in  Merrimack  co.,  N.H.,  on 
the  Suncook  Valley  Railroad,  3  miles  S.AV.  of  Pittsfield. 

Webster's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co..  Pa., 
about  24  miles  AV.S.AV.  of  Chambersburg.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  flouring-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Webster's  Plantation,  a  township  of  Penobscot  co., 
Me.     Pop.  28. 

Webster  Station,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Syracuse,  Chenango  <fc  Now  York  Railroad,  23  milea 
E.S.E.  of  Syracuse. 

Web'sterville,  a  post-office  of  Harris  co.,  Tex.,  on  or 
near  the  Galveston,  Houston  <fe  Henderson  Railroad. 

Weche,  a  town  of  Saxony.     See  AVieiie. 

Wechselburg,  wfiK's?l-b6oRG\  a  town  of  Saxony,  at 
the  confluence  of  the  Zwickau  with  the  Mulde,  13  miles 
N.N.AV.  of  Chemnitz.     Pop.  1427. 

Wecht,  Netherlands.     See  A''kcht. 

Weckelsdorf,  %vSk'kels-doRr,  Oder,  o'b^r,  and  Unter, 
oon'ter,  two  nearly  contiguous  villages  of  Bohemia,  circle 
of  Koniggriit/.,  on  the  Mettau.     Pop.  2708. 

Weckersdorf,  '(^4k'k?rs-doRr,  or  Skrinice,  skre- 
neet's^h,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  circle  of  Kiiniggratz,  4  miles 
from  Braunau.     Pop.  1431. 

Weddingen,  ^'M'ding-^n,  three  contiguous  villages  of 
Prussian  Saxony,  10  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Magdeburg.  United 
population,  6946,  mostly  employed  in  glass-works,  charcoal- 
burning,  and  stone-quarries. 

Wedel,  *A'd§l,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Holstein,  on  the 
Elbe.  12  miles  AV.N.AV.  of  Hamburg.     Pop.  2099. 

Wedgefield,  wej'feeld,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sumter  co., 
S.C.,  on  the  AVilmington,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  32 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Columbia.     It  has  a  church. 

Wedge  Island,  Spencer  Gulf.    See  Gambier  Islands. 

Wed'ington,  a  post-office  of  AVashington  co.,  Ark. 

Wednesbury,  w5nz'b§r-e,  or  Wodensbury  (vul- 
garly called  Wedf/ehnri/),a.  market-town  and  parliamentary 
borough  of  England,  co.  of  Stafford,  near  the  source  of  the 
Tame,  on  the  Birmingham  &,  AValsall  Canal,  and  on  the 
Northwest  Railway,  7i  miles  N.AV.  of  Birmingham.  Pop. 
of  borough  in  1871,  116,809.  It  has  coal-  and  iron-mines, 
iron-rolling  mills,  and  manufactures  of  muskets,  coach  and 
saddlers'  ironmongery,  nails,  tools,  and  grates.  It  sends 
one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Wednesfield,  wSnz'feeld,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Stafford,  2  miles  E.N.E.  of  AVolverhampton.  Pop.  3730, 
chiefly  locksmiths. 

Wedowee,  we-dow'ee,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Ran- 
dolph CO.,  Ala.,  near  the  mouth  of  the  Little  Tallapoosa 
River,  about  100  miles  N.N.E.  of  Montgomery.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  130. 

Wedron,  wed'ron,  a  post-village  of  La  Salle  co.,  111.,  in 
Dayton  township,  on  Fox  River,  and  on  the  Fox  River  A'^al- 
Icy  Railroad,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Ottawa.  It  has  2  churches 
and  an  academy.     Here  is  picturesque  scenery. 

Weed'man,  a  post-village  of  McLean  co..  111.,  in  AVest 
township,  on  the  Springfield  division  of  the  Illinois  Central 
Railroad,  21  miles  E.N.E.  of  Clinton.  It  has  a  church. 
Much  grain  is  shipped  here. 

Weed  Mines,  a  post-office  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y. 

Wee'don,  a  post-village  in  AVolf  co.,  Quebec,  32  miles 
N.E.  of  Sherbrooke.  It  contains  a  church,  2  saw-  and  grist- 
mills, and  several  stores.     Pop.  200. 

Wee'don-Beck,  or  Weedon-on-the-Street  (so 
called  from  its  position  on  the  ancient  AVatling  Street),  a 
parish  of  England,  co.  of  Northampton,  on  the  Grand  Junc- 
tion Canal,  and  with  a  station  on  the  Northwest  Railway, 
4J  miles  S.E.  of  Daventry.  Pop.  1861.  Here  is  a  depot 
for  military  arms  and  stores,  with  spacious  barracks. 

Wee'dons,  a  post-office  of  Lonoke  co..  Ark. 

Weeds'port,  a  post-village  in  Brutus  township,  C«yuga 


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00.,  N.Y.,  on  tho  Erie  Canal  and  the  Now  York  Central 
Ilaiirood  where  it  crosses  the  Southern  Central  Iliiilrood,  10 
miles  N.  of  Auburn,  and  22  miles  W.  of  Syracuse.  It  has 
6  churches,  2  banking-bouses,  a  newspaper  oflioe,  and  manu- 
factures of  farming-implements,  gloves,  hoop-skirts,  <to. 
Pop.  in  1880,  1411. 

Wced'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Elk  co.,  Pa.,  on  tho  Low 
Grade  division  of  tho  Alleghany  Valley  llailroad,  25  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Driftwood.     Coal  is  found  hero. 

Wee^haw'keiit  a  post-village  in  Woehawken  town- 
ship, Hudson  CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Hudson  River,  opposite  New 
York,  and  on  the  Erie  llailroad,  3i  milos  N.  of  Jersey  City. 
Here  occurred  the  duel  botween  Aaron  llurr  and  Alexander 
Hamilton,  which  resulted  in  the  death  of  tho  latter.  The 
township  contains  6  churches.  Pop.  of  tho  township  in 
1880,  1102.     It  has  manufactures  of  silk  hats  and  cigars. 

Week's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  about 
14  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Augusta. 

Weeks'town,  a  hamlet  of  Atlantic  co.,  N.J.,  6  miles 
£.  of  Elwood. 

Weelaunee,  we-Iaw'ne,  a  hamlet  of  Winnebago  co., 
Wis.,  about  12  miles  S.W.  of  Oshkosh. 

Weelde,  *il'd?h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and 
30  miles  N.E.  of  Antwerp,  on  the  Aa.     Pop.  1097. 

Ween,  or  Wceneii,  Austria.     See  Vib.nna. 

Weeiidain,a  villageof  the  Netherlands.  See  Veesdam. 

Weeiide,  wain'd^h,  a  village  of  Hanover,  government 
of  Hildesheim,  near  Gdttingen,  on  the  Leine.     Pop.  1574. 

Weener,  \V4'n9r,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  21 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Aurich,  on  the  Ems.  Pop.  3294.  It  has  a 
small  harbor,  and  a  trade  in  horses  and  cattle. 

Weep'ing  Water,  a  post-village  of  Cass  co.,  Neb.,  on 
Weeping  Water  Creek,  30  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Lincoln.  It  has 
2  churches,  2  flour-mills,  and  a  money-order  post-office. 

Weeping  Water  Creek,  Cass  co.,  Neb.,  runs  in  an 
E.S.E.  direction,  and  enters  the  Missouri  River  about  7 
miles  above  Nebraska  City.     It  is  nearly  50  miles  long. 

Weerberg,  "fraia'bfiua,  a  village  of  Austria,  Tyrol,  near 
Schwatz.     Pop.  90S. 

Weerdt,  or  Weert,  waint,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Limburg,  on  the  Bree,  and  on  the  Canal  of  Weerdt,  13 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Roermond.     Pop.  7055. 

Weerdt,  Neder,  ni'd^r  waiut,  a  village  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, in  Limburg,  3  miles  N.E.  of  the  above. 

Weere,  wi'r^h,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  province  of 
Zcniand,  on  the  N.E.  coast  of  Walchorcn  island.     Pop.  908. 

Weerselo,  waiu*s§h-lo',  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
province  of  Overyssel,  7  miles  E.  of  Ahnelo.     Pop.  5430. 

Wee'satche',  a  post-office  of  Goliad  co.,  Tex. 

Wee'saw,  a  township  of  Berrien  co.,  Mich.  Pop. 
1276.    See  also  Hill's  Corners. 

Weesp,  waisp,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North 
Holland,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Amsterdam.     Pop.  3065. 

Weever,  a  river  of  England.     See  Weaver. 

Weewakat'kee  Creek,  Alabama,  flows  southwest- 
ward  through  Coosa  co.  into  Coosa  River. 

Weeze,  Ai'z^h,  a  market-town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  on 
the  Niers.  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Geldern.     Pop.  2518. 

Weferlingen,  ■^i'f^r-ling'^n,  a  village  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  28  miles  W.N.W.  of  Magdeburg.     Pop.  1950. 

Wegatch'ie,  a  post-village  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Rossie  township,  on  the  Oswegatchie  River,  about  30 
miles  S.  of  Ogdensburg.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  2 
saw-mills,  Ac.     Pop.  201. 

Weg'dal,  a  post-office  of  Chippewa  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Minnesota  River,  and  on  the  Hastings  &  Dakota  Railroad, 
about  10  miles  below  Montevideo, 

Wegee,  we-jee',  a  post-village  of  Belmont  co.,  0.,  in 
Meade  township,  on  the  Ohio  River,  3  miles  from  Mounds- 
ville,  W.  Va.     It  is  mainly  supported  by  coal-mining. 

Wegeleben,  ^i'gh^h-li^b^n,  a  walled  town  of  Prus- 
sian Saxony,  27  miles  S.W.  of  Magdeburg,  on  the  Bode. 
Pop.  2962.     It  has  manufactures  of  woollens, 

Weggis,  *dg'ghis,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
on  the  Lake  of  Lucerne,  at  the  foot  of  the  Righi  Culm, 
which  is  generally  ascended  from  hence.     Pop,  1379, 

Wegrow,  wA-grov',  a  town  of  Poland,  province  and  19 
miles  N,W,  of  Siedlec,  Pop,  2000,  It  has  2  monasteries 
and  an  ecclesiastical  seminary. 

Wegscheid,  ^aic'shite,  a  market-town  of  Lower  Ba- 
varin,  on  the  Austrian  frontier,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Passau. 

Wegstadt,  ftaie'stitt,  or  Wegstildtel,  ^t^aio'stStt'fil, 
a  town  of  Bohemia,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Elbe,  27  miles 
N.  of  Prague.     Pop.  1502. 

Weliawken,  Hudson  co.,  N.J.     See  Weehawke.v. 

Wehden,  *i'd§n,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  AVestphalia, 
government  and  21  miles  N.N.W.  of  Minden.     Pop.  1600, 


Wehc,  ^iV>.  ft  village  of  Prussia,  province  of  Wc: 
phaha,  government  of  Mindun.     Pop.  2400. 

Wehingen,  M'ing-?n,  a  village  of  Wurtomberc  cin 
of  Sohwarzwald,  S.S.W.  of  Tubingen.     Pop   Pjq   *" 

Wclilau,  or  Welau,  *i'lCw,  a  wallu.l'tu'wn'of  Fi 
Prussia,  27  miles  E.  of  Kiinigsbcrg,  at  the  confluen<-«', 
tho  Alle  and  Progel,  Pop,  5178,  U  has  numorouitaniimc 
Bteam-engine-factorics,  and  a  copper-foundry.  The  irwii 
by  which  Prussia  was  recognited  as  a  kingdom  wu  cui 
eluded  here  in  1657. 

Wehlen,  1v4'l?n,  a  town  of  Snxony,  15  miles  8  E 
Dresden,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Elbe.     Pop.  1449*   " 

Wehlheidcn,  wAl'hi-dijn,  a  village  of  Prussia,  pruv 
inoe  of  Hesse-Nassau,  government  of  Ca*8cl.     Pop.  3711" 

Wehr,  *aiu,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the  Wehr,  an  afiul 
ent  of  the  Rhino,  26  {niles  S.  of  Freiburg.     Pop.  2387.     \ 

Wehr,  a  village  of  Prussia,  i)rovinoo  of  WestplikliJ 
government  of  MUnster.     Pop.  980.  'l 

Wchrau,  *i'ro\v,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia,  on  thi 
Queiss,  11  miles  N.W.  of  Buntzlau,  Pop.  870.  It  bns  1 
castle,  iron-forges,  and  paper-mills.  The  mineralogist  Wir 
nor  was  born  here. 

Wehrheim,  ^aiR'hlme,  a  market-town  of  Germany 
Nassau,  3  miles  S.S.E.  of  Usingen.     Pop.  1604, 

Wehrsdorf,  <^aiiw'doKf,  a  village  of  Saxony,  circle 
and  not  far  from  Bautzen,     Pop.  2207. 

Wei,  wi'oe,  or  Wei-Hsien,  wi'ce-so-en',  a  hrgt 
city  of  China,  province  of  Shan-Toong,  21  miles  S.  of  the 
Gulf  of  Pc-Choe-Leo.  Lat.  36°  40'  N.;  Ion.  II90  16'  E. 
It  hag  iron-foundries  and  manufactures  of  hardware.  Poo 
about  100,000,  '' 

Weichsel,  *iK's§l,or  Wisia,  *is'l4,  a  village  of  Aus- 
trian Silesia,  1 1  miles  S,E,  of  Tcschen,  on  the  Vistula.  I»op. 
3975,     See  also  Vistula, 

Weichselbiirg,  ^ik'sgl-booRG',  or  Wcixelburt;, 
wlk's^l-burg,  a  town  of  Illyria,  Carniola,  about  16  uiilca 
S,E,  of  Laybach,  Pop,  4000.  It  has  iron-forges  and 
manufactures  of  woollen  stuffs.  The  ruined  castle  Weich- 
selburg  is  on  an  adjacent  height. 

Weichselmiinde,  wik'sQl-mun'd^h,  a  town  and  for- 
tress of  West  Prussia,  opposite  Noufahrvvasser,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  west  arm  of  the  Vistula  in  the  Baltic.     Pop.  1495. 

Weickersheim.    See  WEiKEusiTEur. 

Weida,  or  Weyda,  ^■i'di,  a  town  of  Central  Germany, 
Saxe- Weimar,  14  miles  E.  of  Neustadt-an-der  Oria,  on  tlie 
Auma  and  Weida.  Pop.  5404.  It  hivs  manufactures  of 
paper,  woollen  cloth,  cotton  goods,  Ac. 

Weidasville,  wi'daws-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lehigh  co., 
Pa.,  about  12  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Allcntown.  It  has  a  grist- 
mill, a  saw-mill,  and  4  houses. 

Weiden,  ^i'd^n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  circle  of  Upper 
Palatinate,  32  miles  S.E.  of  Baireuth.  Pop.  3670,  It  bai 
a  castle,  and  a  trade  in  corn  and  cattle. 

Weiden  (Hun,  Vedeny,  vAMfin'),  a  market-town  of 
West  Hungary,  co,  of  AVieselburg,  on  the  N.E.  bank  of  the 
Lake  of  Neusiedl.     Pop.  1000. 

Weidenaii,  Nv-i'd^h-nSw*,  a  walled  town  of  Austrian 
Silesia,  45  miles  N.  of  Troppau.     Pop.  1670, 

Weidcnau,  <^i'd?h-now,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  West- 
phalia, government  of  Arnsberg,     Pop.  3045. 

Weidenbach,  a  village  of  Austria.     See  Vidombak. 

Weidenberg,  H-i'd^n-bfiRG',  a  market-town  of  Bavari.1, 
circle  of  Upper  Eranconia,  7  miles  E,  of  Baireuth,  on  the 
Steinach,  with  2  castles  and  1662  inhabitants, 

Weidenthal,  -Srdfn-tAP,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  Palati- 
nate, canton  of  Neustadt,     Pop.  1028, 

Weigelsdorf,  ^i'gh^ls-donf^  several  places  of  Prussia, 
particularly  a  village,  province  of  Silesia,  government  of 
Breslau,  circle  of  Reichenbach,     Pop,  825, 

Weighton  (wi'tpn)  Market,  a  small  town  of  Eng- 
land, CO,  and  19  miles  by  rail  E.S.E.  of  York,  East  Riding, 
at  the  W.  foot  of  the  Wolds,  and  connected  by  a  canal 
with  tho  Humber.     Pop.  2354, 

Wei'glestown,  a  post-office  of  York  co.,  Pa, 

Weiherslrei,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Neustadt. 

Weikersheim,  or  Weickersheim,  *I'k?r8-hinie', 
a  town  of  WUrtemberg,  on  tho  Tauber,  38  miles  N.N.W,  of 
Ellwangen,     Pop,  1730, 

Weikert,  wi'k^rt,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Union  co.. 
Pa.,  in  Hartley  township,  on  Penn's  Creek  and  the  I.cwis- 
burg  Centre  A  Spruce  Creek  Railroad,  22  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Lewisburg, 

Weil,  ^ile,  or  Schlosswyl,  shloss'^il,  a  village  of 
Switzerland,  canton  and  10  miles  E,S.E.  of  Bern.  It  is 
famous  for  its  castle,  which  is  seated  on  a  height. 

Weil,  a  village  of  Baden,  circle  of  Rhine,  bailiwick  cf 
Lorrach,     It  has  a  parish  church.     Pop.  1409. 


WEI 


2787 


WEI 


Weil,  a  town  of  Switzerland.     See  AVyl. 

fWeilar,  <>i'lar,  a  village  of  Centnil  Germany,  in  Saxe- 

ieimar,  S.E.  of  Lengsfeld,  on  the  FulJa. 

Weilbach,  ^Vil'bdK,  a  watering-place  of  Nassaa,  E.S.E. 

Wiesbaden,  with  a  mineral  spring,  from  which  about 
1,000  bottles  of  water  are  annually  ex])orted.     Pop.  874. 
jWeilbiirg,  A-irboCuG,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  of 
•esse-Nassau,  on  the  Lahn,  here  crossed  by  an  iron  sus- 
nsion-bridge,  28  miles  N.N.E.  of  Wiesbaden.    Pop.  2834. 

has  a  castle,  and  manufactures  of  paper. 
Weil"die-Stadt,  <^il-dee-stitt,  a  town  of  AVUrtem- 
rg,  circle  of  Neckar,  13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Stuttgart.  Pop. 
65.     It  has  manufactures  of  woollens  and  tobacco,  and  is 
le  birthplace  of  Kepler. 
Weile,  and  Weilefiord.     See  Veile. 
Weiler,  or  Weiller,  a  town  of  Alsace.    See  Villk. 
jWeilcrbach,  vi-i'ler-biK^  a  village  of  Bavaria,  Palati- 
ite,  canton  and  near  Kaiserslautern. 
iWeilheim,  \Virhune,  a  walled  town  of  Upper  Bavaria, 
;  the  Ammer,  29  miles  S.W.  of  Munich.    Pop.  3802.    It 
Is  a  castle,  and  manufactures  of  leather. 
[>Veilheim-an-der-Teck,  w\rhimo-in-d2B-t6k,   a 
(wn  of  South  Germany,  Wiirtemberg,  circle  of  Danube,  on 
ie  Lindach,  26  miles  N.W.  of  Ulm.     Pop.  2880. 
iWeil-iin-Schonbuch,  -^il-im-shon'booK,  a  village 
1  Wiirtemberg,  bailiwick  of  Boblingon.     Pop.  2033. 
sWeilniiinster,  ^il'miin-st§r,  a  tillage  of  Nassau,  on 

!  affluent  of  the  Lahn,  5  miles  S.E.of  Weilburg.  P.  1458. 
Weimar,  ■v^i'mar,  the  capital  city  of  the  grand  duchy 
Saxe- Weimar,  Germany,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Ilm, 
d  on  the  railway  from  Gotha  to  Halle,  13  miles  E.  of 
,furt.  Lat.  50°  59'  N.;  Ion.  11°  21'  E.  Pop.  24,546. 
jean  temperature  of  year,  51.1°  Fahr. ;  winter,  37.6°; 
Immcr,  66.3°.  It  is  surrounded  by  hills,  and  is  hand- 
jmely  though  irregularly  built.  Few  cities  in  Germany  of 
f  size  have  so  many  good  public  buildings  and  excellent 
jiblic  establishments,  or  are  more  agreeable  as  places  of 
teidence.  The  grand  ducal  palace  is  in  a  siuiple  but  ele- 
unt  style,  and  has  an  extensive  park  which  forms  the 

P)rite  public  promenade.  The  principal  church,  with 
bs  of  the  grand  dukes,  has  a  large  organ,  and  an  altar- 
(ece  by  L.  Cranach.  The  grand  ducal  library  comprises 
|:0,000  volumes,  manuscripts,  medals,  and  coins,  and  is 
ken  to  the  public.  The  opera-house  is  famous;  the  theatre 
lis  once  under  the  superintendence  of  Goethe  and  Schiller, 
po  are  buried  in  the  new  cemetery.  Herder  and  Wieland 
so  once  made  Weimar  their  residence.  The  Laiidet- 
iduslrle-Comptoir  is  an  important  book-publishing  estab- 
ehment,  known  chiefly  for  its  geographical  and  statistical 
prks.  The  Geographical  Institute  publishes  excellent 
aps,  and  the  Weimar  Almanac  has  a  great  circulation. 
;  eimar  has  manufactures  of  metallic  goods,  cards,  gloves, 
|id  woven  fabrics,  and  a  trade  in  corn  and  wool;  but  the 
|iief  resources  of  the  inhabitants  are  derived  from  the 
'•esence  of  the  court  and  visitors. 

I  Weimar,  wi'mar,  a  post-village  of  Colorado  co.,  Tex., 
ft  the  Galveston,  Ilarrisburg  &  San  Antonio  Railroad,  16 
[iles  W.  of  Columbus.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  the  Wei- 
ar  Institute,  and  many  business-houses.  P.  (1890)  1443. 
!  Weimer,  Ontario.  See  Bamberg. 
(Weill,  ween,  a  post-office  of  Marathon  co..  Wis. 
I  Weinfelden,  Mn'f6rd?n,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
{inton  of  Thurgau,  on  the  Thur,  7  miles  S.S.W.  of  Con- 
janee.     Pop.  2614. 

i  Weiiigarteii,  -^in'gauHen,  a  village  of  Baden,  circle 
;!■  Middle  Rhine,  7  miles  E.N.E.  of  Carlsruhe,  with  which 
j  is  connected  by  railway.  Pop.  3440. 
1  Weingunga,  India.  See  Wyne-Gusga. 
[Weinheim,  ^in'hlme,  a  town  of  Baden,  circle  of 
tower  Rhine,  on  the  Weschnitz,  and  on  the  Baden  Railway, 
p  miles  N.E.  of  Mannheim.  Pop.  6723.  It  is  enclosed 
\f  walls,  and  has  a  fine  palace,  and  manufactures  of  wool- 
ssns,  leather,  linen,  and  wine. 

I  Weinsberg,  \Vins'b6i£G,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on  the 
[Ulra,  3  miles  E.N.E.  of  Heilbronn.     Pop.  2186. 
j  Weipersdorf,  wl'pers-dour,  orWeipertsdorf,  *i[- 
terts-donr,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  about  28  miles  from  Lei- 
iDmischl.     Pop.  2229. 

\  Weipert,  or  Weypert,  \^rp§rt,  a  town  of  Bohemia, 
J4  miles  N.E.  of  Elbogen,  near  the  frontier  of  Saxony. 
I'op.  5471,  employed  in  manufactures  of  lace  and  fire-arms. 
I  Weir,  weer,  a  post-village  of  Cherokee  eo.,  Kansas,  on 
he  Memphis,  Kansas  &  Colorado  Railroad,  31  miles  E.  of 
Parsons,  and  4  miles  S.E.  of  Cherokee.  It  has  a  zinc-fur- 
lace,  7  stores,  and  manufactures  of  brooms  and  paint,  also 
jO  coal-mines.  It  is  mainly  supported  by  operations  in 
oal.     Pop.  in  1890,  2138. 


Weir,  a  station  in  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony 
Railroad,  35  miles  S.  of  Boston,  and  1  mile  S.  of  Taunton. 

Weir  Junction,  a  station  in  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  at  the 
junction  of  two  branches  of  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  H 
miles  S.E.  of  Taunton.    See  Tau.nton. 

Weir's  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  and  summer  resort  of 
Belknap  co.,  N.II.,  on  the  W.  shore  of  Winnepesaukee  Lake, 
and  on  the  Boston,  Concord  <fe  Montreal  Railroad,  33i  miles 
N.  by  E.  of  Concord.  Here  is  a  Methodist  camping-ground. 
A  steamboat  plies  daily  between  this  place  and  Centre 
Harbor. 

Weisburg,  wis'biirg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dearborn  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati  >&  Lafayette  Railroad, 
17  miles  N.W.  of  Lawrenceburg. 

Weischenfeld,  ^ish'^n-fd-lt',  a  village  of  Bavaria, 
circle  of  Upper  I'ranconia,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Baireutb. 

Weisenburg,  wi3'9n-biirg,  a  i)Ost-hamlet  of  Lehigh 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Wcissenburg  township,  about  15  miles  W.  of 
AUentown.     Pop.  of  township,  1644. 

Weisenheim-am-Sand,  *i'z?n-hirae-ira-silnt,  a 
village  of  Bavaria,  Palatinate,  canton  of  DUrkheim.  Pop. 
210S. 

Weiser,  wee'z§r  (Ger.  pron.  "Ri's^r),  a  post-office  of 
Ada  CO.,  Idaho,  in  a  valley,  70  miles  N.W.  of  Bois6  City. 

Weiser  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Ada  co.,  Idaho. 

Weiser  Uiver,  a  small  river  of  Idaho  co.,  Idaho,  flows 
southwcstward,  and  enters  Lewis  River. 

Weisesburg,  wi'siz-biirg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baltimore 
CO.,  Md.,  about  28  miles  N.  of  Baltimore, 

Weishample,  wis'ham-p^l,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schuyl- 
kill CO.,  Pa.,  about  48  miles  N.E.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  a 
church. 

Weissbach,  ^iss'bdK,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  near 
Friedland.     Pop.  1928. 

Weiss  bad,  wiss'b4t,  a  village  and  watering-place  of 
Switzerland,  canton  and  2  miles  S.E.  of  Appenzell.  The 
bathing-establishment  attracts  numerous  visitors. 

Weiss  Elster,  a  river  of  Germany.     See  Elster. 

Weissenberg,  vi-is's§n-bfinG'  ( Wendish,  iro»/jo/-X-,  %Vos'- 
poiik),a  town  of  Saxony,  10  miles  E.  of  Bautzen.    P.  1215. 

Weissenburg,  ^-is's^n-booUG^  a  fortified  town  of  Ba- 
varia, circle  of  Middle  Franconia,  on  the  Rezat,  27  miles 
S.E.  of  Anspach.  Pop.  5019.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls  flanked 
by  towers,  and  was  formerly  a  free  city  of  the  empire. 

Weissenburg,  a  town  of  Alsace.     See  Wisskmbol'ro. 

Weissenburg,  Hungary.     See  Stub i.weissesburg. 

Weissenburg,  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.    See  Weisenburg. 

Weissenfels,  wls's^n-fdls',  a  walled  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  11  miles  S.  of  Mcrseburg,  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Saale,  and  on  the  railway  from  Halle  to  Gotha.  Pop. 
21,766.  It  is  well  built,  and  has  4  suburbs,  2  churches, 
one  containing  the  remains  of  Gustavus  Adolphus,  2  hos- 
pitals, almshouses,  a  normal  school,  and  manufactures  of 
porcelain,  merinoes  and  other  woollen  fabrics,  leather,  and 
gold  and  silver  articles.  In  the  vicinity  are  the  castle  of 
Augustusburg  and  numerous  vineyards. 

Weissenfels,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Carniola,  52  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Laybach.  Pop.  600,  employed  in  extensive 
nail-manufactories. 

Weissenhoru,  \Vls's§n-hoRn\  a  town  of  Bavaria,  on 
an  affluent  of  the  Danube,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Ulm.    P.  1794. 

Weissensee,  ^is's^n-sd^  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
16  miles  N.  of  Erfurt.     Pop.  2558. 

Weissenstadt,  wis's?n-st4tr,  a  walled  town  of  Ba- 
varia, in  Ujip&r  Franconia,  on  the  Eger,  17  miles  N.E.  of 
Baireutb.     It  has  nail-factories.     Pop.  2511. 

Weissenstein,  wis'scn-stine',  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment of  Esthonia,  50  miles  S.E.  of  Revel.  Pop.  1713. 
It  has  a  ruined  castle  and  a  district  school, 

Weissensuiz,  wis's^n-sColts^  a  village  of  Austria,  in 
Bohemia,  circle  of  Klattau.     Pop.  1627. 

Weisses  3Ieer.    See  White  Ska. 

Weisskirch,  *lss'kecriK,  or  Weisskirchen,  *Tss'- 
keeiiK^n,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  circle  of  Jung-Buntzlau. 
Pop.  1200. 

Weisskirchen,  *iss'k55RK'?n  (Hun.  FelUrtemplom, 
fi^haiu'tim'plom'),  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Tomes,  on 
the  Nera,  53  miles  S.S.E.  of  Temesvar.  Pop.  7490.  It 
has  Roman  Catholic  and  Greek  churches,  manufactures  of 
silk  and  leather,  and  extensive  vineyards  in  its  vicinity. 

Weisskirchen  (Bohemian,  Ilranitze,  hrln-it'sQh),  a 
town  of  Austria,  in  Moravi.a,  on  the  railway  to  Kosel,  22 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Olmutz.  Pop.  5800.  It  has  a  fine  castle, 
and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth  and  silk. 

Weissmain,  \^iss'min,  a  walled  town  of  Bavaria,  in 
Upper  Franconia,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Baireutb,  with  a  castle. 
Pop.  1166,  who  manufacture  leather  and  woollen  cloths. 


WEI 


2788 


WEL 


Weissport,  wis'port,  a  post-ofBco  of  El  Paso  co.,  Col. 

Weissport,  a  post-borough  of  Carbon  co.,  P».,  in 
Franklin  township,  on  the  Lehigh  River  and  the  Lehigh 
A  Susquehanna  Railroad,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Mauch  Chunk. 
It  has  2  churohos,  a  foundry,  and  the  iron-vror4<8  of  the 
L«high  Valley  Emery  Wheel  Company.     Pop.  ;{59. 

Weissstein,  i^Iss'stlne,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia, 
government  of  Ureslau.     Pop.  6.^30. 

Wcisswassery  ♦Iss'^is's^r,  or  Ncu-POzig,  nol- 
pot'sia  (Bohemian,  lilcla,  bo-A'li),  a  market-town  of  Bo- 
hemia, 8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Jung-Uuntzlnu.  Pop.  1860.  It 
has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth  and  paper. 

WeisswasseF)  a  market-town  of  Austrian  Silesia,  57 
miles  N.W.  of  Troppiiu.     Pop.  1475. 

Weissweil,  *is3'*ile,  a  village  of  Baden,  circle  of 
Upper  Rhine,  near  the  right  bank  of  the  Rhine,  18  miles 
K.W.  of  Freiburg.     Pop.  1736. 

Weissweiler,  ^tiss'^ri^r,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, government  and  E.N.E.  of  Aix-la-Chapolle,  on  the 
Inde.     Pop.  1140. 

Weistritz,  *i8s'trits,  a  town  and  river  of  Prussian 
Silesia,  the  latter  joining  the  Oder. 

Wei-Tchon,  a  town  of  China.    See  Hoei-Choo. 

VVeitra,  or  Waitra,  <^i'tr4,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria, 
near  the  border  of  Bohemia,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Krems.  It 
has  double  massive  walls.     Pop.  2299. 

Weixelburg,  a  town  of  lUyria.    See  WEicnsELBcno. 

Weiz,  *its,  a  village  of  Styria,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Gr"dtz, 
with  1448  inhabitants,  who  manufacture  arms. 

Wekiva,  we-ki'vah,  a  river  of  Orange  co.,  Fla.,  issues 
from  Clay  Spring,  a  largo  sulphur  spring,  runs  northeast- 
ward, and  enters  the  St.  John's  River  about  12  miles  below 
Mellonville.  It  is  about  30  miles  long,  and  is  said  to  be 
navigable. 

Welaka^  we-ll'k&,  a  post-village  of  Putnam  co.,  Fla,, 
on  the  E.  bank  of  St.  John's  River,  about  10  miles  above 
Palatka.  It  is  surrounded  by  orange-groves.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Welau,  a  town  of  Prussia.    Sec  Wehlau. 

We  I  born,  Suwanee  co.,  Fla.    See  Wellborn. 

Welch,  a  township  of  Cape  Girardeau  co.,  Mo.    P.  589. 

Welch,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co..  Mo. 

Welch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co.,  Neb.,  on  the  Nio- 
brara River,  60  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Yankton,  S.D.  It  has 
a  flour-mill. 

Welch'es,  a  township  of  Macon  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  546. 

W^elches  Creek,  a  township  of  Columbus  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  818. 

Welch  Glade,  a  post-office  of  Webster  co.,  W.  Va. 

Welchpool,  a  town  of  AVales.     See  Welshpool. 

Welch's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Ky. 

Welch'ville,  a  post-village  of  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  in  Ox- 
ford township,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  40  miles  N. 
by  W.  of  Portland.     It  has  a  church  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Wel'come,  a  post-office  of  St.  James  parish,  La. 

Welcome,  a  post-office  of  Austin  co.,  Tex. 

Wel'come,  a  post-village  in  Durham  co.,  Ontario,  3 
miles  from  Port  Hope.     Pop.  100. 

Weld,  a  northeastern  county  of  Colorado,  bordering  on 
Nebraska  and  Wyoming,  has  an  area  of  about  4075  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  South  Fork  of  Platte  River, 
and  olso  drained  by  Beaver,  Bijou,  Cache  la  Poudre,  Kiowa, 
Pawnee,  and  Terrapin  Creeks.  The  surface  is  mostly  an 
arid  plain  or  table-land,  nearly  destitute  of  forests.  The 
soil  is  fertile  if  irrigated,  and  the  climate  is  very  dry.  Outs, 
wheat,  hay,  butter,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products. 
Among  its  mineral  resources  is  coal  or  lignite.  Tertiary 
strata  underlie  a  large  part  of  this  county.  It  is  traversed 
by  the  Colorado  division  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad. 
•Capitol,  Greeley.  Pop.  in  1870,  1636;  in  1880,  5646;  in 
1 1890,  11,736. 

f  Weld,  a  post-village  in  Weld  township,  Franklin  co., 
I  Me.,  on  a  beautiful  lake  in  a  broad  valley,  about  14  miles 
'W.  of  Farmington,  and  50  miles  N.  of  Lewiston.  It  has  2 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  spools,  boxes,  and  staves. 
Trout  abound  in  the  lake,  which  is  7  miles  long  and  is  near 
the  W.  base  of  Blue  Mountain,  which  rises  2360  feet  above 
the  village.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1130. 

WeI'da,  a  post-hamlet  of  Anderson  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Leavenworth,  Lawrence  &  Galveston  Railroad,  8  miles  S. 
by  W.  of  Garnett. 

Welden,  *6rd?n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of  East 
Flanders,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Scheldt,  15  miles  S.  of 
Ghent.     Pop.  1215. 

WeI'don,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Ala. 

Weldon,  a  post-office  of  Kern  co.,  Cal.,  about  44  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Bakersfield. 


Weldon,  a  post-hamlet  and  station  in  De  Witt  eo  In 
on  the  Indianapolis,  Bloomington  &  Western  lUilrond  li; 
miles  K.  of  Clinton.     It  has  a  church  and  a  wft;;c)n.jh,',„   ' 

Weldon,  a  post-township  of  Bcniio  co.,  Mich,    p  '■■ 

Weldon,  a  post-office  of  Maries  co.,  Mo.,  about  2i  mnil 
N.W.  of  Rolla.  '    """*"»"« 

Weldon,  a  post-village  of  Halifax  co.,  N.C,  on  tli« 
S.W.  bank  of  the  Roanoke  River,  at  the  ncad  of  itoambu  it 
navigation,  96  miles  N.E.  of  Raleigh,  lf.2  inilw  N.  of  Wil 
mington,  and  81  miles  W.S.W.  of  Norfolk,  Va.  ft  {g  ,i,j 
N.  terminus  of  the  Wilmington  A  Wcldim  Railroad,  whi,  h 
connects  here  with  the  Raleigh  A  Gaston  Railroad,  the  I'o. 
tersburg  Railroad,  and  the  Seaboard  4  Roanoke  Railr(»a.|" 
It  has  a  newspaper  office,  6  churches,  and  uinnufncturcg  of 
farming-implements  and  flour.     Pop.  in  IS'JO   128C. 

Weldon,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  !„ 
Abington  township,  i  mile  from  Abington  Station  and  II 
miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a  public  hall,  a  coach- 
factory,  and  about  50  houses.     Pop.  about  300. 

Weldon,  a  jiost-hamlet  of  Houston  co.,  Tex.,  about  2< 
miles  N.  of  lluntsville. 

Weldon  Creek,  a  post-hamlct  of  Mason  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Flint  <t  Pere  Marquette  Railroad,  15  miles  E.  of  i.u. 
dington.  It  has  2  saw-mills,  2  stores,  and  water-power. 
The  railroad  hero  crosses  a  high  bridge  over  a  ravine. 

Weldon  River  rises  in  Iowa,  near  the  N.  border  of 
Decatur  co.,  which  it  intersects.  It  runs  southward  throu;'h 
Mercer  co.,  Mo.,  and  enters  the  Crooked  Fork  of  Grand 
River  in  Grundy  co.,  about  3  miles  above  Trenton.  It  is 
nearly  100  miles  long. 

Weldon  Spring,  a  post-office  of  St.  Charles  co..  Mo. 

Welford,  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C.    See  WELi.Foiin. 

Welka,  ^-^rki,  a  market-town  of  Austria,  in  Moravi.^ 
12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hradisch.     Pop.  IfidO. 

Wel'ker's,  a  station  on  the  Perkiomen  Railroiul,  2 
miles  S.  of  Pennsburg,  Pa. 

Welkcrsdorf,  ^6rk?rs-donr,  a  village  of  Prussian  Si- 
lesia, government  of  Liegnitz.     Pop.  1500. 

Well,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Lincoln,  2  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Alford.  There  are  3  Celtic  barrows  in  this  pariah,  and 
in  the  vicinity  600  Roman  coins  were  found  (1725). 

Wel'land,  a  river  of  England,  rises  near  the  heads  of 
the  Nene  and  Avon,  flows  N.E.,  separating  Northampton- 
shire from  the  cos.  of  Leicester,  Rutland,  and  Lincoln,  to 
near  Croyland,  where  it  turns  N.  and  divides  into  twoiirm?, 
one  of  which  branches  E.  to  Wisbe.acli  and  the  other  enters 
the  AVash  at  Fossdyke.     Length,  70  miles. 

Welland,  a  river  of  Canada.    See  Chippewa. 

Welland,  a  county  of  Ontario,  situated  at  the  E.  end 
of  Lake  Erie,  by  which  it  is  bounded  on  the  S.  Area,  X66 
square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Chippewa  or  M'clland 
River.     Capital,  Welland.     Pop.  20,572. 

Welland  (formerly  Mer'rittsville),  a  village  of  On- 
tario, capita)  of  the  co.  of  Welland,  situated  on  the  Wel- 
land Canal  and  River,  and  on  the  Welland  Railway,  12  miles 
S.  of  St.  Catharines.  It  has  good  water-power,  and  contains 
3  churches,  2  printing-offices  issuing  weekly  newspapers,  a 
dry-dock,  an  iron-foundry,  a  woollen-factory,  2  saw-wills, 
and  a  number  of  stores.     Pop.  1110. 

Welland  Port,  a  post-village  in  Monck  co.,  Ontario, 
on  the  Chippewa  River,  14  miles  E.N.K.  of  Canficld.  It 
contains  several  stores  and  hotels,  and  a  saw-mill.    P.  300. 

Weli'born,  a  post-office  of  Arkansas  co.,  Ark. 

Wellborn,  or  Welborn,  a  post-village  of  Suwanee 
CO.,  Fla.,  on  the  Jacksonville,  Pensacola  <t  Mobile  Railroad, 
72  miles  W.  of  Jacksonville,  and  11  miles  S.E.  of  Live  Oak. 
It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Wellborn,  a  post-office  of  Brazos  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
Houston  &  Texas  Central  Railroad,  88i  miles  N.W.  of 
Houston. 

Welle,  w5ri§h,  an  isl.and  of  the  P.acific  Ocean,  S.E.  of 
Papua.     Lat.  9°  41'  S. ;  Ion.  150°  58'  E.  • 

Welle,  <»dri?h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanders, 
on  the  Dender,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  1291. 

Wellen,  <tdri§n,  a  village  of  Belgian  Limbourg,  6  miles 
S.  of  Hasselt.     Pop.  2262. 

Wellendingen,  <^5ri?n-ding-?n,  a  village  of  Wiirtcm- 
berg,  circle  of  Schwarzwald,  near  Rottweil.     Pop.  1249. 

Wel'ler,  a  township  of  Henry  co..  111.    Pop.  1560. 

Weller,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  Iowa,  about  30 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Oskaloosa.     It  has  a  church. 

Weller,  a  township  of  Richland  co.,  0.    Pop.  1140. 

Wel'lersburg,  a  post-borough  of  Somerset  co.,  Pa., in 
Southampton  township,  2  miles  from  Barrellvillo  Station, 
and  9  miles  N.W.  of  Cumberland,  Md.  It  has  3  churches, 
a  tannery,  an  iron-furnace,  <to.  Coal  is  found  near  thii 
place.     Pop.  290. 


WEL 


2789 


WEL 


i^ellersburg,  a  hamlet  of  Lavaca  co.,  Tex.,  12  miles 
frii  Schulenburg.     It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

t^eiiesley,  welz'l?,  a  post-township  of  Norfolk  co., 
Jjjg.,  on  Lake  Waban,  and  on  the  Boston  &  Albany  Rail- 
rcf,  16  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Boston.  It  has  several  chufches 
ai,  3  weekly  (1  collegiate)  newspapers.  Hero  is  the 
AVjlesley  Female  College,  which  was  established  in  1875, 
aiihas  elegant  buildings,  a  corps  of  about  100  instructors, 
ail  more  than  700  students.     Pop.  about  3fi00. 

/ellesley,  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  co.,  Ontario,  on 
thConcstogo  River,  8i  miles  N.W,  of  Bailen.  It  contains 
a  pollen-fautory,  a  foundry,  a  flax-mill,  2  flouring-mills, 
2  pneries,  and  4  stores.     Pop.  500. 

V'cllesley,  weU'l§,  a  county  of  New  South  Wales, 
hi^ng  S.W.  the  British  colony  of  Victoria,  and  on  other 
sife  the  cos.  of  Auckland,  Beresford,  and  Wallace.  The 
SLJace  is  mountainous,  and  covered  by  ramifications  of  the 
Aftralian  Alps.     Chief  town,  Bomballo. 

'♦cllesley  Islands,  a  group  in  the  Gulf  of  Carpen- 
taa,  North  Australia.  Mornington  Island,  the  northern- 
lult  and  largest,  is  40  miles  in  length  by  15  in  breadth. 
LI  of  N.  point.  1G°  24'  S.  ;  Ion.  139°  37'  E.  The  other 
ishds  are  Bcntinck,  Swcers,  Bountiful,  and  Pisonia. 

yellesley  Province.    See  Provi.ncb  AVki.lesley. 

yell'fleet,  a  post-village  in  Wellfleet  township,  Barn- 
stjlo  CO.,  Mass.,  on  Cape  Cod  Bay  and  the  Old  Colony  llail- 
r(jl.  It  is  about  65  miles  by  water  and  106  miles  by  rail- 
re^  S.E.  of  Boston.  It  contains  a  high  school,  a  savings- 
b;jk,  and  3  churches,  and  has  about  100  vessels  employed 
iiihe  mackerel-fishery,  which  is  the  main  support  of  the 
iijibitants.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Afintic  Ocean,  and  is  a  part  of  the  peninsula  of  Cape  Cod. 
Pf.  of  the  township  in  1880,  1875. 

jVell'ford,  or  Wel'ford,  a  post-village  of  Spartan- 
bg  CO.,  S.C,  on  the  Piedmont  Air-Line  Railroad,  12  miles 
Vof  Spartanburg.  It  has  a  chapel,  a  broom-factory,  a 
Bkm  saw-mill,  a  planing-mill,  and  30  residences. 

'Vell'ham's  Cross  Iloads,  a  post-office  of  Anne 
iiindel  CO.,  Md. 

tVellingborough,  wel'ling-bur-riih,  a  market-town 
ail  parish  of  England,  co.  and  lOt  miles  E.N.E.  of  North- 
a{t)ton,  on  a  branch  of  the  Northwestern  Railway.  The 
t"n  has  a  central  market-place,  a  handsome  church,  an 
e,lowed  free  school,  and  iron-works.     Pop.  in  1871,  9385. 

ifVel'lington,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  of  Salop, 
othe  Shrewsbury  &  Shropsliire  Canal,  and  with  a  station 
c  the  Great  AVestern  and  b.-anch  lines  of  the  London  and 
lirthwestern  Railroads,  10  miles  E.  of  Shrewsbury.  Pop. 
f>!6.  The  town,  near  the  ancient  Watling  Street,  has  a 
wrch,  several  chapels,  free  and  national  schools,  a  prison, 
sfishouses,  and  a  union  workhouse.  Most  of  the  inhabit- 
tps  are  engaged  in  coal-  and  iron- mines,  limestone- 
(jirries,  smelting-furnaccs,  nail-  and  glass-works.  It  has 
illt-works,  and  a  trade  in  timber.  Near  the  town  are 
(lilyboate  and  sulphureous  springs,  resorted  to  by  visitors. 

^Vellington,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  of  Somer- 
(|,  with  a  station  on  the  Bristol  &  Exeter  Railway,  7  miles 
iS.W.  of  Taunton.  Pop.  5119.  It  has  a  market-house, 
ichurch,  many  dissenting  chapels,  a  union  workhouse, 
■foUen-mills,  and  a  manufactory  of  earthenwares.  This 
wn  successively  gave  the  titles  of  Viscount,  Earl,  Mar- 
•jis,  and  Duke  to  Arthur  Welleslcy :  and  on  a  lofty  hill,  3 
ties  S.,  is  an  obelisk  120  feet  in  height,  commemorating 
b  victory  at  Waterloo. 

[Wel'lington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Iroquois  co.,  111.,  29 
Sles  by  rail  N.  of  Danville. 
I  Wellington,  a  city,  capital  of  Sumner  co.,  Kansas,  on 

ate  Creek,  and  on  two  railroads,  30  miles  S.  by  W.  of 

ichita.  It  has  3  churches,  a  daily  and  4  weekly  news- 
iper  offices,  a  bank,  and  numerous  stores  and  other  busi- 
ess  concerns.     Pop.  in  1890,  4391. 

Wellington,  a  post-township  of  Piscataquis  co.,  Me., 
•out  44  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bangor.     Pop.  681. 

Wellington,  a  station  of  the  Boston  &  Maine  Railroad, 
I  miles  N.  of  Boston,  Mass. 

(Wellington,  a  post-village  of  Lafayette  co.,  Mo.,  on 
^e  S.  bank  of  the  Missouri  River,  7  or  8  miles  S.W.  of 
Jexington.     It  has  a  church. 

I  Wellington,  a  post-oflice  of  Esmeralda  co.,  Nev.,  on 
[est  Walker  River,  50  miles  S.S.E.  of  Carson  City. 
'Wellington,  a  post-village  of  Lorain  co.,  0.,  in  Wel- 
Ington  township,  on  the  Cleveland,  Columbus  &  Cincinnati 
lailroad,  36  miles  S.W.  of  Cleveland,  and  about  10  miles 
I.  of  Oberlin.  It  has  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  office, 
M  3  churches.  About  8,000,000  pounds  of  cheese  are 
nnually  shipped  here.    Pop.  in  1890,  2069. 

Wellington,  a  township  of  Monroe  co..  Wis.    P.  502. 


Wel'lington,  a  county  of  Ontario,  centrally  situated 
in  the  W.  part  of  the  province.  Area,  1278  square  miles. 
It  is  drained  by  the  Grand  River  and  its  branches,  and 
traversed  by  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway  and  the  AV'ellington, 
Grey  &  Bruce  Railways.     Capital,  Guclph.     Pop.  63,283. 

Wellington,  a  post-hamlet  in  Yarmouth  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  5  miles  from  Yarmouth.  It  contains  a  store  and  a 
saw-mill.     Pop.  200. 

Wellington,  a  village  in  Prince  Edward  co.,  Ontario, 
situated  on  West  Lake,  an  inlet  of  Lake  Ontario,  24  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Brighton.  It  is  an  important  fishing-station,  and 
contains  an  iron-foundry,  a  plastor-mill,  6  hotels,  and  7  or 
8  stores.     Pop.  517. 

Wellington,  Ontario.    See  Kars. 

Wellington,  a  post-village  in  Prince  co.,  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  on  the  Prince  Edward  Island  Railway,  12 
miles  from  Summerside.     Pop.  50. 

Wel'lington,  a  central  pastoral  district  of  New  South 
Wales,  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  upper  course  of  the  Lach- 
lan  and  by  its  affluent  the  Bulubula,  and  on  the  N.  by  the 
Macquario  River,  the  Darling,  and  the  district  of  Warrega. 
It  includes  several  new  counties,  and  has  an  area  of  1 6,695 
square  miles.  Pop.  about  20,000.  Principal  towns.  Orange 
and  AVellington. 

Wellington,  a  county  of  AVest  Australia,  having  AV. 
the  ocean,  E.  the  co.  of  AV^icklow,  S.  Nelson,  and  N.  iSIur- 
ray.  The  Darling  Mountains  traverse  it  from  N.  to  S. 
Principal  rivers,  the  Brunswick  and  Preston. 

Wellington,  a  town  of  New  Zealand,  North  Island, 
capital  of  the  colony,  and  of  the  province  of  A\''ellington, 
is  on  Cook  Strait,  and  on  the  AV.  shore  of  Port  Nicholson. 
The  houses  are  picturesquely  situated  in  tiers  around  and 
above  the  margin  of  the  bay.  The  town  has  a  mechanics' 
institute,  savings-bank,  custom-house,  exchange,  barracks, 
jail,  hospital,  a  brewery,  steam  flour-  and  saw-mills,  <tc. 
Pop.  in  1SS6,  25,945;  of  the  province,  77,536. 

Wellington,  an  island  of  South  America,  the  largest 
of  the  chain  which  stretches  along  the  AV.  const  of  Pata- 
gonia, between  lat.  47°  30'  and  50°  20'  S.  Greatest  length, 
138  miles;  medium  breadth,  35  miles.  It  is  separated  from 
Madre  de  Dios  on  the  S.  by  the  Gulf  of  Trinidad,  and  on 
the  N.  forms  the  S.  side  of  the  Gulf  of  Penas.  Its  N.  ex- 
tremity is  Cape  San  Roman. 

Wellington  Lake,  A'^ictoria,  Southeast  Australia,  co. 
of  Bruce,  in  Gippsland.  Length,  20  miles;  breadth,  6 
miles.     It  receives  the  Latrobe  and  Avon  Rivers. 

Wellington,  Mount,  Tasmania,  co.  of  Buckingham, 
is  4166  feet  in  height.  Hobart  Town  is  built  on  its  lower 
ridges. 

Wellington  Square,  Ontario.    See  BnnLiNGTOir. 

Wellington  Station,  South  Australia,  near  the  head 
of  Lake  A'ictoria,  45  miles  S.E.  of  Adelaide. 

Wel'liversville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Mount  Pleasant 
township,  Columbia  co..  Pa.,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Danville. 

WelI'man's  Corners,  a  post-village  in  Hastings  co„ 
Ontario,  25  miles  N.AV.  of  Belleville.     Pop.  100. 

Well'manville,  a  post-office  of  Ness  co.,  Kansas. 

Wells,  a  city  of  England,  co.  of  Somerset,  S.  of  the 
Mendip  Hills,  and  19  miles  S.AV.  of  Bath.  Pop.  4518.  It 
has  a  town  hall,  city  and  county  jail,  and  a  conduit  that 
supplies  the  city  with  water,  communicating  through  an 
ancient  gateway  with  the  close,  in  which  are  the  fine  cathe- 
dral and  bishop's  palace.  The  cathedral,  dating  from  the 
time  of  Henry  III.,  has  a  central  tower  178  feet  in  height; 
its  interior  is  richly  decorated,  and  has  the  tomb  of  Ina, 
King  of  AA'essex.  Other  principal  edifices  are  the  episcopal 
palace,  chapter-house,  deanery,  St.  Cuthbert's  parish,  dis- 
senters' chapels,  and  almshouses.  Here  are  a  collegiate 
school  and  many  other  schools.  AV^ells  sends  two  members 
to  the  House  of  Commons.  Its  bishop's  see,  erected  in  905, 
and  now  united  with  Bath,  has  been  filled  by  Cardinal  AVoK 
sey  and  Archbishop  Laud. 

Wells,  a  seaport  town  of  England,  co.  of  Norfolk,  on  a 
creek,  1  mile  from  the  North  Sea,  and  4i  miles  N.N.AV.  of 
AV^alsingham.  Pop.  3044.  It  has  a  church,  built  of  flint, 
with  a  lofty  tower,  a  theatre,  and  subscription  library.  A'es- 
sels  of  150  tons  re.ach  the  town.  The  principal  trade  is  in 
the  shipment  of  corn,  malt,  and  oysters,  and  the  import  of 
coal  and  timber.  About  3  miles  distant  is  Ilolkham,  the 
seat  of  the  Earl  of  Leicester. 

VVells,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Indiana,  has  .an  area 
of  about  375  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  AVabash 
and  Salamonie  Rivers.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly 
level,  and  more  than  one-third  of  it  is  covered  with  forests 
of  the  ash,  beech,  elm,  hickory,  white  oak,  sugar-maple, 
<to.  The  soil  is  fertile.  AVheat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  cattle, 
pork,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.    This  county  ia 


"WEL 


2790 


WEL 


travereed  by  the  Fort  Wnync,  Munolo  A  Cincinnati  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Bluffton.  Valuation  of  roal  and  personal 
estate,  $6,000,000.  Pop.  in  1870,  13,586,  of  whom  13,029 
were  Americans ;  in  I8«0,  18,442. 

Wells,  a  township  of  Appanoose  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  1061. 

Wells,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa,  about  18  miles 
S.W.  of  Winterset, 

Wells,  a  post-township  of  Marshall  co.,  Kansas,  6  miles 
W.  of  Frankfort.     Pop.  668. 

Wells,  a  post-rillago  in  Wells  township,  York  co.,  Mo., 

1  mile  from  Wells  Beach  Station,  which  is  on  the  Boston  <t 
Maine  Railroad,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Portland,  and  nearly  1 
mile  from  the  ocean.  It  has  a  free  high  school,  several 
churches,  and  saw-mills.  The  township  is  intersected  by 
the  Portsmouth,  Saco  k  Portsmouth  Railroad.  It  contains 
a  village  named  Wells  Depot.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2773. 

Wells,  a  township  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  295. 

Wells,  a  post-village  of  Faribault  co.,  Minn.,  in  Clark 
township,  on  the  Southern  Minnesota  Railroad,  20  miles  W. 
by  N.  of  Albert  Lea.  It  has  5  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
a  money-order  post-office,  a  banking-house,  a  cheese-factory, 
and  a  flour-mill.  The  machine-shops  of  the  Southern  Min- 
nesota Railroad  are  locnted  here. 

Wells,  a  township  of  Rico  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  946. 

Wells,  a  post-Tillage  of  Attala  co..  Miss.,  about  75  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Jackson.  It  has  3  churches,  a  seminary,  manu- 
factures of  lumber,  saddles,  and  shoes,  and  about  30  houses. 

Wells,  a  post-office  of  Webster  co..  Neb. 

Wells,  a  post-village  of  Elko  co.,  Nevada,  on  the  Cen- 
tral Pacific  Railroad,  55  miles  N.E.  of  Elko.  Here  are  the 
Humboldt  Wells,  the  depth  of  which  is  said  to  be  unfathom- 
able.    The  village  is  surrounded  by  high  mountains. 

Wells,  Chemung  co.,  N.Y.     See  Pine  City. 

Wells,  a  station  of  the  Elmira  State  Line  Railroad,  7 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Elmira,  N.Y. 

Wells,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  N.Y.,  in  AVells 
township,  on  the  Sacondaga  River,  about  64  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Albany.  It  has  a  grist-mill,  a  tannery,  and  2  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  970. 

Wells,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  0.     Pop.  1414. 

Wells,  a  post-township  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  about  10 
miles  from  Elmira,  N.Y.  Pop.  1207.  Wells  Post-Office  is 
at  a  village  named  Moshervilie. 

Wells,  a  township  of  Fulton  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  589. 

Wells,  a  post-village  in  Wells  township,  Rutland  co., 
Vt.,  about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Rutland.  It  is  at  the  base  of 
a  mountain  at  the  S.  end  of  Wells  Pond  or  Lake  Austin, 
which  is  7  miles  long.     It  has  3  churches,  a  woollen-mill, 

2  cheese-factories,  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  of  township,  483. 
Wells,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co..  Wis. 

Wells  Beach,  York  co.,  Me.     See  Wells. 

Wellsborough,  w61z'bur-ruh,  a  post-hamlet  of  La 
Porte  CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  the  Chicago  A  Lake  Huron  Railroad,  57  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Chicago.     It  has  3  stores.     Pop.  100. 

Wellsborough,  a  post-borough,  capital  of  Tioga  co., 
Pa.,  in  Delmar  township,  on  the  Corning,  Cowanesque  & 
Antrim  Railroad,  40  miles  S.S.W.  of  Corning,  and  about 
40  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Williamsport.  It  has  a  stone  court- 
house, 5  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  national  bank,  2  news- 
paper offices,  a  sash-  and  blind-factory,  and  a  foundry  with 
a  machine-shop.  It  is  on  the  border  of  the  great  bitumi- 
nous coal-field.     Pop.  in  1880,  2228;  in  1890.  2961. 

SVells  Branch,  a  post-office  of  York  co..  Me.,  near 
the  ocean,  about  28  miles  S.S.W.  of  Portland. 

Wells  Bridge,  a  post-hamlet  in  Unadilla  township, 
Otsego  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River  and  the  Albany 
&  Susquehanna  Railroad,  47  miles  E.N.E.  of  Binghamton. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  steam  saw-mill.     Pop.  132. 

Wells'burg,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Charles  co.,  Mo.,  about 
37  miles  W.N.W.  of  St.  Louis. 

Wellsburg,  a  post-village  in  Ashland  township,  Che- 
mung CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Chemung  River  and  the  Erie  Rail- 
road, 7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Elmira.  It  has  3  churches,  a  tan- 
nery, a  grist-mill,  2  saw-mills,  2  carriage-shops,  3  hotels, 
and  a  planing-mill. 

Wellsburg,  Erie  co..  Pa.    See  Lundt's  Lane. 

Wellsburg,  a  post- village,  capital  of  Brooke  co.,  W. 
Va.,  is  finely  situated  on  the  Ohio  River,  16  miles  above 
Wheeling.  It  has  6  churches,  a  national  bank,  1  other 
bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  paper-mills,  a  foundry,  a  plan- 
ing-mill, a  flour-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  2235. 

Wells  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Newton  co..  Ark. 

Wells  Depot,  a  post-village  in  Wells  township,  York 
CO.,  Me.,  on  the  Portland,  Saco  &  Portsmouth  Railroad,  13 
miles  S.W.  of  Biddeford.  It  has  a  church,  a  high  school, 
and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  wood. 


Wells  Junction,  a  station  in  Blue  Earth  co.,  Mi 
on  the  St.  Paul  A  Sioux  City  Railroad,  at  the  junction* 
the  Central  Railroad,  \\  miles  W.  of  Mankato. 

Wells  iHills,  a  post-office  of  Richardson  co.,  Neb  al 
12  miles  W.  of  Falls  City.  ' 

Well  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Campbell  co.,  Ter 
16  miles  N.E.  of  Caryville.     It  has  a  church. 

Wells  River,  Vermont,  a  small  stream  which  rifwl 
Caledonia  co.,  runs  southeastward,  and  enters  the  Connl 
ticut  River  at  the  village  of  Wells  River. 

Wells  River,  a  i)ost-village  of  Orange  co.,  Vt., 
Newbury  township,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  at  tlie  mm' 
of  Wells  River,  9  miles  N.  of  Haverhill,  N.H.,  and  21  mij 
S.  of  St.  Johnsbury.  It  is  on  the  Boston,  Concord  A  Mil 
treal  Railroad  at  its  junction  with  the  Montpclicr  A  Wcj 
River  Railroad,  and  is  the  S.  terminus  of  the  I'asMinii)' 
Railroad.  It  has  water-power,  a  national  bank  (capit ; 
$500,000),  a  hotel,  a  church,  a  graded  school,  and  mani 
factures  of  manila  paper,  furniture,  and  coffins.    Pop.  51! 

Wells'  Tan'nery,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  Pii 
about  34  miles  S.S.E.  of  Altoona.     Here  is  a  tannerj".     ! 

Wells'ton,  a  post-village  in  Milton  township,  Jackcii 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Marietta  A  Cincinnati  Railroad,  at  or  nc : 
Milton  Station,  which  is  32  miles  S.E.  of  Chillieothe.  i 
has  an  iron-furnace,  and  the  works  of  the  Wellrton  Col 
A  Iron  Company.     Pop.  in  1880.  952;  in  1890,  4377.       i 

Wells'ville,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Kansaj,  o 
the  Leavenworth,  Lawrence  A  Galveston  Railroad,  12  milt 
N.E.  of  Ottawa.     It  has  a  church. 

Wellsville,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Lenawee  co 
Mich.,  on  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan  Southern  Railroad' 
7  miles  E.  of  Adrian. 

Wellsville,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co.,  Mo.,  oi' 
the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  A  Northern  Railroad,  18  mile 
E.S.E.  of  Mexico,  and  90  miles  N.W.  of  St.  Louis.  It  ha 
4  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  woollen-mill,  i 
flour-mill,  and  3  grain-elevators.     Pop.  815. 

Wellsville,  a  post- village  in  Wellsville  township,  Al 
leghany  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Genesee  Rii'cr,  and  on  the  Erif 
Railroad,  26  miles  S.W.  of  Hornellsville,  and  8  miles  S.  by 
E.  of  Belmont.  It  has  4  or  more  churches,  2  banking' 
houses,  2  newspaper  offices,  2  flouring-mills,  3  tanneries,  J 
machine-shops,  and  several  saw-mills.  It  is  the  largestj 
village  in  the  county,  and  an  important  shipping-point.: 
The  railroad  station  at  this  place  is  called  Genesee.  Pop. 
2034;  of  the  township,  3781.  i 

Wellsville,  a  post-village  in  Yellow  Creek  township,  j 
Columbiana  co.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River  and  the  Cleveland 
A  Pittsburg  Railroad,  48  miles  W.N.W.  of  Pittsburg,  and 
20  miles  N.  of  Steubenville.  It  has  7  churches,  a  national 
bank,  1  or  2  newspaper  offices,  a  union  school,  a  steel-mill, 
a  tannery,  3  foundries,  a  large  machine-shop,  and  terra- 
cotta-works. The  river  here  flows  between  high  hills. 
Pop.  in  1880,  3377;  in  1890,  5247. 

Wellsville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Warrington  township, 
York  CO.,  Pa.,  14  miles  N.AV.  of  York.  It  has  a  tannery,  a 
carriage-shop,  and  a  whip-factory. 

Wellsville,  a  post-village  of  Cache  co.,  Utah,  is  near 
the  Utah  Northern  Railroad,  4  miles  from  Mendon  Station, 
and  near  the  E.  base  of  the  Wahsatch  Mountain,  about  80 
miles  N.  of  Salt  Lake  City.  It  has  a  church,  and  manu- 
factures of  furniture  and  lumber. 

Wells'wood,  or  Loyd's  Bridge,  a  post-village  of 
Rapides  parish,  La.,  on  Bayou  Boeuf,  28  miles  S.  of  Alex- 
andria. 

We  1 1 'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Frederick  co.,  Va.,  » 
miles  from  Stephenson's  Depot.     It  has  2  churches. 

WelI'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Nottoway  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Atlantic,  Mississippi  A  Ohio  Railroad,  31  miles  W.  by  S.  of 
Petersburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Well  Water,  a  post-hamlet  of  Buckingham  co.,  Va., 
18  miles  E.  of  Lovingston. 

Well'wood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Haywood  co.,  Tenn., 
about  20  miles  W.  of  Jackson.     It  has  a  church. 

Wels,  «-els,  a  town  of  Upper  Austria,  on  the  Traun  and  the 
BudweisAGmunden  Railway,  16  miles  S.AV.  of  Lintz.  Pop. 
6827.  It  has  Roman  Catholic  churches,  a  Lutheran  chapel,  a 
vast  hospital,  a  military,  high,  and  other  schools,  manufac- 
tures of  leather  and  cotton,  copper-foundries,  paper-  and 
powder-mills,  and  an  active  transit  trade. 

Welschland,  or  Waischland,  ^rgish'lint,  a  German 
word  originally  signifying  "  foreign  country,"  but  usually 
applied  to  Italy. 

Wels'ford,  a  post-vill.age  in  Queens  co..  New  Uruns- 
wick,  an  the  Nerepis  River,  and  on  a  railway,  24J  mile* 
from  St.  John.     Pop.  150.  „    ..  ™ 

Welsh'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  Geauga  co.,  0.,  ifa  Irot 


WEL 


2791 


WEN 


(Irnship,  on  the  Cuyahoga  River,  abont  30  miles  E.  by  S. 
I  Cleveland. 

iWelsh'pool,  or  Welch'pool,  a  town  of  North  Wales, 
i(  which  it  is  regarded  as  the  capital,  co.  of  Montgomery, 
i'  the  Ellesmere  Canal,  and  on  the  Severn,  with  a  junction 
lUion  on  the  Cambrian  Railway,  ISJ  miles  W.S.W.  of 
l.rewsbury.  Pop.  4033.  It  has  a  Gothic  church,  chapels, 
■aseum  and  library,  national  and  free  schools,  aluis- 
iuses,  woollen-mills,  tanneries,  and  malt-houses. 
iWelsh  Pool,  New  Brunswick.  See  Campo  Bello. 
jWelsh  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Pa.,  about 
'  miles  S.S.W,  of  Chambersburg.  It  has  an  academy  and 
churches. 

.Welsh's  Mill,  a  post-ofTice  of  Kershaw  co.,  S.C. 
iWelsleben,  <^61s'lilt'b?n,  a  village  of  Prussian  Saxony, 
vernment  of  Magdeburg,  circle  of  AVanzleben.    P.  1779. 
fWelteii,  wSl'ten,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Lim- 
<rg,  11  miles  E.S.E.  of  Maestricht. 

;Wel'tes,  a  post-village  of  Warrick  co.,  Ind.,  in  Camp- 
Jl  township,  7  miles  E.  of  Erskine.     It  has  2  churches. 
iWeltevreden,  wel'te-vr^M^n,  a  town  of  Java,  3  miles 
land  from  Batavia,  and  containing  the  residences,  Ac,  of 
iropeans  and  officials. 

Welton,  Effingham  co.,  111.     See  Gilmoue. 
iWelton,  a  post-hamlet  in  AVelton  township,  Clinton  co., 
wa,  on  the  Davenport  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  31  miles 
,  of  Davenport,  and  7  miles  N.  of  De  AVitt.     It  has  a 
iurch.     Pop.  of  the  township,  865. 

Wel'tonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga  oo.,  N.Y.,  in 
[indor  township,  8  miles  N.  of  Owego. 
Welwarn,  ■^fif'^am,  a  walled  town  of  Bohemia,  circle 
Rakonitz,  on  the  Rothenbach,  19  miles  N.W.  of  Prague. 
1  has  a  hospital  and  linen-manufactures.     Pop.  2006. 
Welzheim,  ^Slts'hlme,  a  town  of  Wiirtemberg,  on 
.e  Leine,  22  miles  E.N.E.  of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  1774. 
iWem,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  of  Salop,  11  miles 
'.N.E.  of  Shrewsbury.     It  has  a  handsome  church,  grara- 
ftr-school,  manufactures  of  leather,  and  a  malting-trade. 
Wemding,  ^-dra'ding,  a  town  of   Bavaria,  circle   of 
jvabia,  31  miles  S.S.E.  of  Anspach.   Pop.  1955.    It  has  an 
dcient  castle,  and  manufactures  of  fire-arms,  nails,  <fec. 
iWemmel,  wSm'm^l,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of 
pabant,  on  the  Molenbeek,  4  miles  N.N.W.  of  Brussels, 
pp.  1288. 

Wemssen,  a  town  of  Bohemia,     See  Mseno. 
;  Wemyss,  weems,  a  parish  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Fife,  on 
jc  Firth  of  Forth,  N.E.  of  Dysart.     Pop.  6400.     On  the 
jicky  shore  is  Wemyss  Castle. 

1  Wen'nchee' (or  Pisquouse)  River,  Washington, 
ses  in  the  Cascade  Range,  runs  southeastward,  and  enters 
U  Columbia  River  near  lat.  47°  30'  N. 
t  Wen^aso'ga,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alcorn  co.,  Miss.,  on 
*e  Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad. 
Wen- Chang,  or  Wen-Tchang,  the  N.E.  district 
''  the  island  of  Hainan. 

j  Wen'dell,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wendell  township,  Frank- 
in  CO.,  Mass.,  about  36  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Springfield.   The 
i»wnship  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Miller's  River.     It  con- 
jins  Wendell  Depot.     Pop.  of  the  township,  503. 
I  Wendell  Depot,  a  post-village  in  Wendell  township, 
iranklin  co.,  Mass.,  on  Miller's  River  and  the  Vermont  & 
[assachusetts  Railroad,  40  miles  W.  of  Fitchburg. 
;  Wendel,  Sanct,  Prussia.     See  Sanct  Wendel. 
;  Wendelstein,  *5n'd§l-stine*,  a  market-town  of  Ba- 
aria.  Middle  Franconia,  S.  of  Nuremberg.     Pop.  1310. 
Wenden,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Ve.ndex. 
f  Wen'dover,  a  market-town  and  parish  of  England,  co. 
If  Bucks,  at  the  foot  of  the  Chiltern  Hills,  21  miles  S.E. 
«  Buckingham.    Pop.  of  parish,  2033.   The  town  is  small, 
nd  near  a  reservoir  of  the  Grand  Junction  Canal. 
j  Wen'dover,  a  post-village  in  Prescott  co.,  Ontario,  on 
he  river  Ottawa,  33  miles  below  Ottawa.     Pop.  100. 
I  Wener,  <i-i'n?r,  or  Wenner,  ^-in'n^r,  a  lake  in  the 
i'.W.  part  of  Sweden,  and  the  largest  in  Europe  after  those 
|f  Ladoga  and  Onega,  between  lat.  58°  22'  and  69°  25' 
ST.  and  Ion.  12°  20'  and  14°  12'  E.,  enclosed  by  the  loens 
|f  Mariestad  and  Carlstad.     Length,  94  miles;  breadth, 
irom  15  to  50  miles  near  its  centre,  where  two  peninsulas 
kstend  into  it  from  N.  to  S.,  and,  with  a  group  of  islands, 
liearly  separate  it  into  Wener  Lake  N.E.  and  Dalbo  Lake 
^.W.     Estimated  area,  2120  square  miles;  average  height 
>bove  the  sea,  147  feet,  but  its  level  varies  at  different  times 
|18  much  as  10  feet.     Shores  greatly  indented  ;  it  receives 
ibout  30  rivers,  the  principal  of  which  is  the  Klar  from  the 
'ST.,   and   it  discharges   its   surplus  waters  by  the    Gotha 
i?.W.  into  the  Cattegat.    Though  deep  in  some  parts,  it  is  in 
)thers  too  shallow  for  navijjation.     It  is  connected  by  a 


canal  with  Lake  Wetter  on  the  E.,  by  which,  and  the  Gotha 
Canal,  Lake  Roxen,  Ac,  a  continuous  line  of  inland  com- 
munication extends  between  the  Cattegat  and  the  Baltic. 

Wen'ersborg,  a  town  of  Sweden,  capital  of  the  Icen 
of  Elfsborg,  at  the  S.W.  extremity  of  Lake  Wener,  at  the 
efflux  of  the  Gotha,  has  been  regularly  laid  out  since  its 
destruction  by  fire  in  1834,  and  is  the  seat  of  the  principal 
government  establishments  for  the  province.  Pop.  5303, 
Near  it  are  brick-kilns  and  large  military  magazines.  See 
also  ELFSBono. 

Wenew,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Venkv. 

Wengern  Alp,  Switzerland.    See  Scheioeck. 

Wen'ham,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  in  Wen- 
ham  township,  on  the  Eastern  Railroad,  22  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Boston.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  boots 
and  shoes.  Here  is  Wenham  Lake,  from  which  large  quan- 
tities of  ice  are  exported.  From  Wenham  Station  branch 
railroads  extend  to  Essex  and  Asbury  Grove.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  985. 

Wenks,  a  post-hamlct  of  Adams  co..  Pa.,  4  miles  S.  of 
Pine  Grove  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

Wen'lock,  a  parliamentary  and  municipal  borough  of 
England,  co.  of  Salop.  Pop.  of  parliamentary  borough, 
21,208.  It  returns  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 
It  contains  the  town  of  Much-Wenlock,  which  is  12  miles 
S.E.  of  Shrewsbury,  and  has  a  spacious  church,  a  free  school, 
and  a  pop.  of  2531. 

Wenneconne,  Wisconsin.    See  Winnecoxne. 

Wenner,  a  lake  of  Sweden.    Sec  Weneu. 

Weno'na,  a  post-village  of  Marshall  co..  111.,  in  Evans 
township,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad  where  it  crosses 
a  branch  of  the  Chicago  <fe  Alton  Railroad,  20  miles  S.  of 
La  Salle,  and  19i  miles  E.  of  Lacon.  It  has  1  or  2  news- 
paper offices,  a  banking-house,  5  churches,  the  Wenona 
College,  a  foundry,  machine-shop,  <fec.     Pop.  879. 

Wenona,  a  former  post- village  of  Bay  co.,  Mich.,  now 
constituting  the  principal  part  of  West  Bay  City.  It  has 
6  churches,  and  extensive  manufactures  of  lumber  and  salt. 
It  lies  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Saginaw  River,  and  on  the 
Saginaw  division  of  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  15 
miles  N.  of  the  city  of  Saginaw. 

Weno'nah,  a  post-villnge  of  Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  on 
the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of  Camden.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  fine  hotel,  and  numerous  handsome  residences. 
Pop.  about  500. 

Wen'sum,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Norfolk,  rises 
near  Fakenham,  and,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  45  miles,  joins 
the  Yare  2  miles  below  Norwich. 

Wen-Tchang,  island  of  Hainan.    See  WE.y-CnAXG. 

Wen-Tchcou-Fou,  China.    See  Wanchow. 

Wen-Tchoo,  or  Wen-Tchou,  w5n-choo',  a  mari- 
time city  of  China,  province  of  Che-Kiang,  capital  of  a  de- 
partment, 145  miles  S.  of  Ning-Po. 

Went'worth,  a  township  and  chapelry  of  England,  co. 
of  York,  West  Riding.  The  church  contains, monuments 
of  the  Fitzwilliam  family,  whose  seat,  Wentworth  Hall,  is 
in  the  vicinity. 

Went'worth,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.,  Iowa,  about 
16  miles  N.E.  of  Osage. 

Wentworth,  a  post-village  in  Wentworth  township, 
Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  on  Baker's  River  and  the  Boston,  Con- 
cord <fc  Montreal  Railroad,  67  miles  N.N.W.  of  Concord, 
and  18  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Haverhill.  It  is  surrounded  by 
high  hills  and  beautiful  scenery.  It  has  a  church,  and 
manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  of  the  township,  971. 

WentAVorth,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Rockingham 
CO.,  N.C.,  in  Wentworth  township,  about  90  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Raleigh,  and  28  miles  S.W.  of  Danville,  Va.  It  has  an 
academ)',  2  churches,  and  2  or  3  tobacco-factories.  Pop. 
of  the  township  in  1880,  2488;  of  the  village,  242. 

Went'worth,  a  county  of  Ontario,  situated  at  the  head 
of  Lake  Ontario,  which  forms  its  eastern  boundary.  Area, 
454  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  head-branches  of 
Welland  River,  and  other  small  streams,  and  intersected 
by  the  Great  Western  and  Hamilton  A  Lake  Erie  Railways, 
Capital,  Hamilton.     Pop.  57,599. 

WentAVorth,  a  post-village  and  settlement  in  Cumber- 
land CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Intercolonial  Railway,  78 
miles  from  Halifax.     Pop.  400. 

Wentworth,  a  village  in  Hants  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on 
the  St.  Croix  River,  2i  miles  from  Windsor.  It  exports 
considerable  quantities  of  gypsum.     Pop.  100. 

WentAVorth  Grant,  a  hamlet  in  Pictou  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  10  miles  from  New  Glasgow.     Pop.  180. 

WentAVorth's  Location,  a  post-office  of  Coos  oo., 
N.H. 

Wentz'ville,  a  post-village  of  St.  Charles  oo..  Mo.,  on 


WBO 


2792 


WES 


the  St.  Louis  A  Kansas  City  Railroad,  21  miles  W,  of  St. 
Charles.     It  has  3  churches  and  an  academy.     Pop.  543. 

Weobley,  or  Weobly,  woo'blee,  a  market-town  and 
parish  of  England,  co.  and  11  miles  N.W.  of  lloroford. 
rop.  932.  It  has  a  free  grammar-school,  and  remains  of  a 
casitio  famous  in  the  wars  of  Stephen  and  the  Empress 
Matilda. 

U'eoguf ka,  we-o-gflfkah,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coosa  co., 
Ala.,  about  55  miles  N.  of  Montgomery.  Copper,  lead,  and 
mica  are  said  to  be  found  here. 

Wequiock,  we'kw?-(5k,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  co. 
Wis.,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Green  IJay,  9  miles  N.E.  of  the 
city  of  Green  Bay.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

U'erbnch,  ^An'b&K,  a  village  of  Baden,  circle  of  Lower 
Rhine,  on  the  Taubor,  3  miles  N.  of  Bischofsheim. 

Werben,  *6u'b?n,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  54  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Magdeburg,  at  the  confluence  of  the  llavcl  with 
the  Elbe.     Pop.  1736. 

Werchter,  ^SiiK't^r,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
of  Brabant,  at  the  junction  of  the  Demer  with  the  Dyle,  17 
miles  N.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  2109. 

Wercken,  *6uk'k§n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province 
of  West  Flanders,  18  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  1576. 

Werdau,  ^Su'dSw,  a  town  of  Saxony,  5  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Zwickau,  on  the  Pleisse,  and  on  the  Saxon  Bavarian 
Railway.  Pop.  11,689.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen 
and  cotton  fabrics,  cotton-printing  works,  machine-shops, 
dye-works,  Ac. 

Werden,  ^Sn'd^n,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  16  miles 
N.E.  of  Dusseldorf,  on  the  Ruhr.  Pop.  6746.  It  has 
manufactures  of  woollen  and  linen  cloths,  cotton  yarn, 
cutlery,  soap,  machinery,  and  leather,  with  iron-foundries 
and  coal-mines  in  its  vicinity. 

Wcrder,  ^Sa'd^r,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  of  Bran- 
denburg, government  and  5  miles  W.  of  Potsdam,  on  the 
Havel.     It  has  a  fishery,  a  ship-yard,  <4.c.     Pop.  4568. 

Wereja,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Veiieva. 

Werkhoturie,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  VERKiiOTOoniE. 

Werl,  ■ft-Siil,  a  town  of  Prussian  Westphalia,  govern- 
ment of  Arnsberg,  9  miles  W.S.W.  of  Soest.  Pop.  4694. 
It  has  a  Capuchin  convent,  with  a  greatly  venerated  image 
of  the  Virgin,  which  attracts  numerous  pilgrims.  Near  it 
are  important  salt-works. 

Wer'ley,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Grant  co..  Wis.,  on 
the  Chicago  &  Tomah  Railroad. 

Wermclskirchen,  ^fiR'm§ls-k5SRK\n,  a  village  of 
Rhenish  Prussia,  government  and  E.S.E.  of  Dusseldorf. 
Pop.  4007.  It  has  iron-forges,  and  manufactures  of  wool- 
len cloth. 

Werinirowice,  a  village  of  Moravia.  See  WARNSDOnp. 

Wermland,  a  laen  of  Sweden.     See  Carlstad. 

Wermsdorf,  ♦jRms'doBf,  a  village  of  Austria,  Mo- 
ravia, circle  of  Olmutz,.     Pop.  1210. 

Wermsdorf,  <^SRms'doRf,  a  village  of  Saxony,  23  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Leipsic.     Pop.  1996. 

Werne,  *eR'n§h,  a  town  of  Prussian  Westphalia,  20 
miles  S.  of  Miinster,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Lippo.  Pop. 
2119,  mostly  employed  in  linen-weaving. 

Wer'ner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Juneau  co.,  Wis.,  on  the 
Wisconsin  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Yellow  River,  about  40 
miles  N.W.  of  Portage  City. 

Wernersreuth,  ^jR'n^rs-roit^  a  village  of  Bohemia, 
on  the  Elster,  3  miles  from  Asch.     Pop.  2274. 

Wer'nersville,  a  post-village  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Lower  Heidelberg  township,  on  the  Lebanon  Valley  Rail- 
road, 9  miles  W.  of  Reading.  It  has  a  church,  a  woollen- 
factory,  a  water-cure  or  sanitarium,  and  2  cigar-factories. 
Pop.  about  350. 

Wernigerode.  ^SR'ne-ga-ro'd?h,  a  walled  town  of 
Prussian  Saxony,  43  miles  S.W.  of  Magdeburg,  on  the 
Holzemme.  Pop.  7577.  It  consists  of  an  old  and  a  new 
town  and  the  suburb  Noschenrode.  It  has  a  castle,  the 
residence  of  the  Counts  Stolberg- Wernigerode,  with  a  library 
of  40,000  volumes,  a  gymnasium,  and  manufactures  of 
woollen  stufiFs,  brandy,  leather,  and  paper. 

Wernitz,  \i-fiu'nits,  or  Wornitz,  ^^oR'nits,  a  river  of 
Bavaria,  circles  of  Middle  Franeonia  and  Swabia,  after  a 
S.  course  of  60  miles  joins  the  Danube  at  Donauworth. 

Wcrnstadt,  O^fian'stfit,  or  VVernstildtel,  ^inn'stit*- 
t(l,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Lcitmeritz. 

Werowitz,  a  town  of  Slavonia.     See  Verocz. 

Werra,  wdR'ui,  a  river  of  Central  Germany,  rises  ia  the 
Thuringian  Forest,  16  miles  N.  of  Coburg,  flows  N.W.,  and 
at  Minden  joins  the  Fulda  to  form  the  Weser.  Length, 
150  miles.  Its  affluents  are  the  Schleuse  and  Ilorscl  from 
the  E.,  and  the  Ulster  and  Sontra  from  the  S. 

Werre,  *SR'R§h,  a  river  of  Germany,  after  a  N.  and 


E.  course  of  86  miles,  joins  the  Weser  6  miles  8  W 
Minden.  '    ' 

Wer'ribeeS  *  "ver  of  the  British  colony  Victor  I 
Australia,  flows  S.E.  for  50  miles  between  the  cos  of  tim 
and  Bourke,  and  enters  Port  Phillip  10  miles  S  \V  of  VI 
bourne.  '  '" 

Werro,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Verho. 

Werschetz,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Vgnsp.ci 

Wertach,*dR't4K,  a  river  of  Bavaria,  circle  of  Swobl 
rises  on  the  frontier  of  the  Tyrol,  flows  N.E..  and  joins  il 
Lech  iininediutely  beyond  Augsburg.     Length,  70  uiilen 

Werteinbcrg,  Pennsylvania.    See  M'uhtkmbbuo 

Wertheim,  «-6Rt'hiine,  a  walled  town  of  Raden  tird 
of  Lower  Rhine,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Tauber  with  th 
Main,  20  miles  W,  of  WUrisburg.  It  has  3  castles,  a churcli 
a  synagogue,  a  gymnasium,  and  manufactures  oflineu  au< 
cotton  fabrics.     Pop.  3447. 

VVerther,  ^^ii't^r,  a  town  of  Prussian  Westphalia  •>< 
miles  S.W.  of  Minden.     Pop.  1654.  '" 

Wcrtingen,  *4u'ting-?n,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  circle  of 
Swabia,  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Augsburg.     Pop.  1789, 

Werts'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J., 
East  Ainwell  township,  5  miles  E.N.E.  of  Kiugoes.    It  bai 
a  church. 

Wervicq-Sud,  vairVeek'-sUd,  a  village  of  France,  io^ 
Nord,  on  the  Lys,  12  miles  N.  of  Lille.     Pop.  2045. 

Werwicq,  a  town  of  Belgium.    See  VKiivirK. 

Wescosville,  wes'kSs-vIl,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lehigh  co. 
Pa.,  about  7  miles  S.W.  of  Allentown.    It  haa  a  church.  ' 

Wesel,  NiEDER.    See  Nieder  Wesel. 

Wcsel,  Oder,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  OnEnwE-SEL. 

Wesely,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    Sec  Hoch-Weselv. 

Wes'ely,  a  post-ofiice  of  Rice  co.,  Minn. 

Wesemael,  *d.'z9h-mft,r,  a  village  of  Belgium,  prov- 
ince  of  Brabant,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Brussels.     Poji.  1591. 

Wesen,  *i'z?n,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and 
24  miles  S.W.  of  St.  Gall,  at  the  W.  extremity  of  Walkn- 
stadt  Lake.     Pop.  769. 

Wesenberg,  ^i'z^n-bSna^  a  town  of  Mecklenburg- 
Strelitz,  on  Lake  Woblitz,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Neu-Streliti. 
Pop.  1544. 

Wesenberg,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Esthonia,  60  miles 
E.  by  S.  of  Revel.     Pop.  1564. 

We'ser  (Qer.  pron.  *i'z§r;  anc.  Visnr'g{$),  a  river  of 
Germany,  its  basin  lying  between  that  of  the  Elbe  on  the 
E.  and  those  of  the  Ems,  Rhine,  and  Main  on  the  W.  nnJ 
S.  It  is  formed  by  the  union  of  the  Fulda  and  Wcrra  at 
Minden,  whence  it  flows  N.,  and  enters  the  North  Sea,  in 
conjunction  with  the  Jahde,  by  an  estuary  24  miles  across 
at  its  entrance.  Its  affluents  comprise  the  Lcinc,  with  the 
Allcr  and  Wiimme  from  the  E.,  and  the  Aue  and  llunto 
from  the  W.  Total  course,  250  miles.  It  is  navigable  for 
large  ships  no  farther  than  Bremerhavcn,  near  its  mouth. 

Weset,  a  town  of  Belgium.    See  Vise. 

WesUegonsk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Vesegonsk. 

Wes'ley,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co.,  Ark.,  14J  miles 
E.  of  Fayetteville,  is  surrounded  by  picturesque  scenery. 
It  has  3  churches  and  a  seminary  for  both  sexes. 

Wesley,  a  township  of  Will  co..  111.    Pop.  924. 

Wesley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Indianapolis,  Bloomington  <fc  Western  Railroad,  8  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Crawfordsville.  It  has  2  churches,  an  academy, 
and  a  lumber-mill. 

Wesley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hickman  co.,  Ky.,  4  miles 
from  Alexander  Station,  and  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Colum- 
bus.    It  has  a  church.     Pop.  50. 

Wesley,  a  post-township  of  Washington  co..  Mo.,  about 
30  miles  S.W.  of  Calais.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  lumber.     Pop.  336. 

Wesley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Worcester  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Worcester  Railroad.  3  miles  N.E.  of  Snow  Hill.     Pop.  15<'. 

Wesley,  a  station  in  AVashington  co.,  0.,  on  the  Mari- 
etta, Pittsburg  &  Cleveland  Railroad,  4i  miles  N.E.  of 
Marietta. 

Wesley,  a  post-township  of  Washington  co.,  0.,  about 
20  miles  W.  of  Marietta.     Pop.  1450. 

Wesley,  Venango  co.,  Pa.     See  Mechanicsville. 

Wesley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Austin  co.,  Tex.,  about  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Brenham. 

Wesley,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  co.,  Ontario,  4  miles 
from  Thamesford.     Pop.  200. 

Wesley  City,  a  hamlet  of  Tazewell  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Illinois  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Pekin  A  Southwestern 
Railroad,  3  miles  S.  of  Peoria. 

Wesley  Station,  a  post-office  of  Kossuth  co.,Iowa,  m 
the  railroad  between  Mason  City  and  Algona,  11  miles  B 
of  Algona. 


WES 


2793 


WES 


es'leyville,  a  post-village  of  Erie  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
e  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  4  miles  E,  of 
It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  savr-mill. 

esprim,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Veszprim. 

esselbiiren*  ^fis's^l-bU'r^n,  or  Weslingbiiren, 
ils'ling-bii'rQH,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Holstein,  North 
]traarsch.     It  was  anciently  walled.     Pop.  about  1600. 
IVesseli,  or  Wessely,  *{3-s4'lee  (?),  a  town  of  Mo- 
li'ia,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Ilradisch,  on  an  island  formed  by  the 
Arch.     Pop.  3114.     It  has  a  castle  and  sturgeon-fisheries. 
IVes'sel  Islands,  a  group  off  North  Australia,  N.W. 
dthe  Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  extending  for  50   miles  from 
aV.  to  N.E.,  the  principal  and  northernmost  island  being 
i| miles  in  length,  by  6  or  7  miles  across.     Lat.  of  Cape 
ifessel,  at  its  N.  extremity,  10°  59'  S.,  Ion.  136°  45'  E. 
IVessem,  wSs'sfim,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Lim- 
Ijrg,  on  the  Mouse  (Miveso),  5i  miles  S.W.  of  Roermond. 
HVes'singtoii,  a  post-office  of  Wetmore  co.,  Dakota. 
Wessjcgonsk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Vesegonsk. 
AVes'son,  or  Wes'sen,  a  post-village  of  Copiah  co., 
jiss.,  on  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  <fc  Chicago  Railroad,  9 
lies  N.  of  Brookhaven,  and  1  mile  from  Beauregard.     It 
p  3  churches,  and  a  large  manufactory  of  cotton  and  wool- 
Ik  goods,  which  employs  about  600  hands.     Many  citizens 
([New  Orleans  spend  the  summer  here.     P.  (1890)  31 68. 
West.    For  names  with  this  prefix  not  below,  see  ad- 
(iional  word. 

IVest,  a  township  of  Effingham  co..  111.    Pop.  859. 
West,  a  township  of  McLean  co.,  III.     Pop.  941. 
West,  a  township  of  Marshall  co.,  IncK     Pop.  1489. 
West,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  812. 
West,  a  township  of  Columbiana  co.,  0.     Pop.  1985. 
West,  a  township  of  Huntingdon  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1367. 
(West,  a  post-office  of  Wetzel  co.,  W.  Va. 
jWest  Ab'iiigton,  a  post-village  in  Abington  town- 
lip,  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  2  miles  from  North  Abington 
idtion.     Pop.  about  400. 

West  Ac'ton,  a  post-village  in  Acton  township,  Middle- 
k  CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  27  miles  W.N.W. 
<?  Boston.  It  has  a  graded  school,  2  churches,  and  manu- 
itures  of  cider  and  wooden-ware. 

West  Ad'dison,  a  hamlet  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
iithbon*  township,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  about  18  miles 
!.  of  Corning. 

[West  Addison,  a  post-hamlet  in  Addison  township, 
ildison  CO.,  Vt.,  on  Lake  Champlain,  about  10  miles  S.W. 
j  Vergennes.     It  has  a  church. 

"West  Albany,  aH'ba-n^,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co., 
Iwa,  on  the  Volga  River,  4  miles  W.  of  Fayette.  It  has 
i^our-mill  and  about  25  houses. 

iWest  Albany,  a  post-hamlet  in  West  Albany  town- 
^p,  Wabasha  co.,  Minn.,  near  the  Zumbro  River,  2  miles 
Sm  Tracey  Station,  and  about  20  miles  S.S.E,  of  Red 
ling.  It  has  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  of  township,  815. 
'West  Albany,  a  post-village  in  Watervlict  township, 
t'bany  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  3 
Ues  N.W.  of  the  oapitol  at  Albany.  Here  are  some  engine- 
liuses  and  workshops  of  the  railroad  company,  which  em- 
toy  many  men  in  the  manufacture  of  locomotives  and  cars, 
pgo  stock-yards  are  located  here. 
West  Alburg,  awl'bfirg,  or  Wind'mill  Point, 
rand  Isle  co.,  Vt.,  is  on  Lake  Champlain  and  the  Central 
jBrmont  Railroad,  IJ  miles  E.  of  Rouse's  Point. 
IWest  Alden,  all'd^n,  a  post-haralet  in  Alden  town- 
lip,  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  about  18  miles  E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has 
church. 

'West  Alexan'der,  a  post-borough  of  AVashington  co., 
k.,  on  the  National  Road  and  the  Wheeling  &  Pittsburg 
[ranch  of  the  Baltimore  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  16  miles  E.  of 
fheeling.     It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  a  cigar-factory, 
id  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  about  500. 
[West  Alexan'dria,  a  post-village  of  Preble  co.,  0., 
•i  Twin  Creek,  5  miles  E.  of  Eaton  Station,  and  about  20 
iiles  W.  of  Dayton.     It  is  partly  in  Lanier  and  partly  in 
'win  township.     It  has  3  churches,  a  carriage-shop,  and 
Manufactures  of  cigars  and  furniture. 
;  West  Al'len,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y. 
iWest'all  Point,  South  Australia,  Eyre  Land.     Lat. 
jJ°  52'  S. ;  Ion.  133°  59'  E.     A  mountain  named  Westall, 
ast  Australia,  near  Shoal  Bay,  is  an  important  landmark. 
I  West  AI'mond,  a  post-hamlet  in  West  Almond  town- 
iip,  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  about  13  miles  W.  of  Hornells- 
ille.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  798. 
'.  West  Alton,  all'ton,  a  post-hamlet  in  Alton  township, 
jelknap  co.,  N.H.,  on  Winnepesaukee  Lake,  about  9  miles 
.  of  Laconia.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Am'boy%  a  post-hamlet  in  Amboy  township, 
176 


Oswego  CO.,  N.Y.,  about  25  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Syracuse.    It 
has  a  church  and  a  cheese-factory. 

West  Amesbury,  Massachusetts.    See  Merrimac. 

West  Am'well,  a  township  of  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J. 
Pop.  4872.     It  contains  Lambertville. 

West  An'dover,  a  post-hamlet  in  Andover  township, 
Merrimack  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Northern  Railroad,  33  miles 
N.W.  of  Concord,  and  4  miles  N.  of  Mount  Kearsarge. 

West  Andover,  a  post-village  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0.,  in 
Andover  township,  about  14  miles  S.E.  of  Jefferson. 

West  Andover  Village,  a  village  of  Essex  co.,  Mass., 
in  Andover  township,  1  mile  from  the  Boston  &  Mains 
Railroad.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Apop'ka,  a  post-office  of  Sumter  co.,  Fla. 

West  Ap'pleton,  a  post-office  of  Knox  co..  Me.,  about 
25  miles  E.  of  Augusta. 

West  Arichat,  i-re-shJt',  a  maritime  village  of  Nova 
Scotia,  CO.  of  Richmond,  on  Chedabucto  Bay,  7  miles  from 
Arichat.     Pop.  350. 

West  Ar'lington,  a  post-hamlet  in  Arlington  town- 
ship, Bennington  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Batten  Kill  River,  about 
18  miles  N.  of  Bennington.  It  has  a  church  and  a  brush 
handle-factory. 

W^est  Ash'er,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.,  Kansas. 

West  Ash'ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVindham  co..  Conn., 
about  10  miles  N.  of  Willimantic. 

West  Ath'ens,  a  post-office  of  Somerset  co.,  Me.,  about 
50  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Augusta. 

West  Auburn,  aw'bum,  a  post-village  of  Androscog- 
gin CO.,  Me.,  in  the  city  of  Auburn,  near  Auburn  Lake,  5J 
miles  N.W.  of  Lewiston.  It  has  a  church  and  manufac- 
tures of  boots  and  shoes. 

West  Auburn,  a  post-office  of  Susquehanna  co..  Pa., 
about  33  miles  N.W.  of  Scranton. 

West  Auckland, a  township  of  England, co.  of  Dur- 
ham, 4  miles  S.AV.  of  Bishop-Auckland.  Pop.  3187,  em- 
ployed in  various  manufactures.  It  gives  the  title  of  earl 
to  the  Eden  family. 

West  Augus'ta,  a  post-office  of  Augusta  co.,  Va. 

West  Aurora,  aw-ro'ra,  a  station  in  Kane  co..  111.,  on 
the  Chicago  <fc  Iowa  Railroad  and  the  Chicago,  Burlington 
<fc  Quincy  Railroad,  1  mile  AV.  of  Aurora. 

West  Aus'tintOAvn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mahoning  co., 
0.,  on  a  branch  of  the  Atlantic  &  Great  AVestern  Railroad, 
about  11  miles  S.  of  AVarren.     It  has  2  churches. 

West  Australia.    See  AA''ester.v  Australia. 

West  A'von,  a  post-hamlet  in  Avon  township,  Hart- 
ford CO.,  Conn.,  about  12  miles  AV.  of  Hartford.  It  has  an 
academy,  a  church,  and  1  or  2  lumber-mills. 

West  Ba'den,  a  post-hamlet  and  watering-place  of 
Orange  co.,  Ind.,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Shoals,  and  about  50 
miles  W.N.AV,  of  New  Albany.  It  has  a  sulphur  spring  and 
several  boarding-houses. 

West  Bain'bridge,  a  post-hamlet  in  Bainbridgo 
township,  Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  4  miles  from  Bainbridge 
Station.     It  has  2  churches. 

West  Bald'win,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co., 
Me.,  in  Baldwin  township,  on  the  Saco  River  and  the  Port- 
land <fc  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  33  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Portland. 

West  Baltimore,  bawl't^-more,  a  post-village  of 
Montgomery  co.,  0.,  on  the  Dayton  <fe  Union  Railroad,  21 
miles  AV.N.W.  of  Dayton.  It  has  a  church  and  a  flouring- 
mill.     Pop.  about  250. 

West  Ban'gor,  or  Bangor,  a  post-hamlet  in  Bangor 
township,  Franklin  co.,  N.Y.,  about  9  miles  S.W.  of  Ma- 
lone.     It  has  2  grist-mills,  a  saw-mill,  Jkc. 

West  Bangor,  a  post-village  in  Peach  Bottom  town- 
ship, York  CO.,  Pa.,  about  22  miles  S.  of  Lancaster,  and  i 
mile  from  Delta  Station  of  the  Peach  Bottom  Railroad. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  manufactory  of  slate. 

West  Bar'net,  a  post-hamlet  in  B.Trnet  township, 
Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  4i  miles  from  Barnet,  and  about  25  miles 
E.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of 
wooden-ware. 

West  Barnstable,  bam'sta-b'l,  a  post-village  of 
Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  in  Barnstable  township,  near  an  inlet 
of  the  sea,  on  the  Cape  Cod  Railroad,  69  miles  S.E.  of  Bos- 
ton.    It  has  a  church  and  a  graded  school. 

West  Bar're,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orleans  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
32  miles  W.  of  Rochester.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Bata'via,  a  post-hamlet  in  Batavia  township, 
Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  on  tlio  New  York  Central  Railroad,  at 
Croft's  Station,  6i  miles  AV.S.AV.  of  Batavia. 

West  Bath,  township,  Sagadahoc  co..  Me.     Pop.  373. 

West  Baton  Rouge,  bat'^n  roozh,  a  parish  is  the 
S.E.  central  part  of  Louisiana,  has  an  area  of  about  200 
square  miles.     It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Mississippi 


TTES 


2704 


WES 


River.  The  surface  is  lerol  and  is  partly  subject  to  inunda- 
tion. A  large  portion  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  and  cy- 
preoe-swamps.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton  and  sngar-cane 
Ikre  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Port  Allen.  Valuation  of 
real  and  personal  estate,  $8,4)16,016.  Pop.  in  1870,  6114, 
•f  whom  5028  wuro  Amoricans;  in  1880,  7667. 

West  Baton  Houge,  a  former  post-village  of  West 
Baton  Rouge  parish,  La.     See  Allain. 

West  Bay^  a  post-settlement  in  Inverness  oo.,  Nova 
Sootia,  on  an  arm  of  Bras  d'Or  Lake,  13  miles  from  Port 
Uawkosbury.    Steamers  run  hence  to  Sydney.     Pop.  200. 

West  Bay  City  (formerly  Wenoiia),  nn  inoorporafed 
city  of  Hiiy  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Saginaw  lliver,  opposite  Bay 
City,  and  on  the  Saginaw  division  of  the  Michigan  Central 
Railroad,  13  miles  N.  of  the  city  of  Saginaw.  In  addition 
to  the  former  village  of  Wenona,  it  comprises  the  villages 
of  Banks  and  Salzburg.  It  has  a  state  bank,  a  normal 
sohool,  a  newspaper  office,  and  4  churches.  It  exports  large 
quantities  of  lumber,  and  has  manufactures  of  lumber  and 
Mit.  Pop.  in  1880,  63U7;  in  18»0,  12,981. 
J  ..West  Bear  River,  a  township  of  Yuba  co.,  Cal. 
ii  West  Beaver,  boe'v^r,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbiana 
CO.,  0.,  on  Beaver  Creek,  6  miles  S.  of  New  Lisbon. 

West  Beaver,  a  township  of  Snyder  co.,  Pa. 

West  Beck'et,  a  post-hamlet  in  Becket  township, 
Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  17  miles  S.S.E.  of  Pittsfiold.  It  has  a 
church  and  1  or  2  lumber-mills. 

West  Bcd'ford,  a  post-village  in  Bedford  township, 
Coshocton  CO.,  O.,  about  24  miles  N.E.  of  Newark.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  union  school,  and  a  steam  flour-mill. 

West  Beek'inantown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co., 
N.Y.,  about  8  miles  N.W.  of  PlatUburg. 

West  Bend,  a  post-hamlet  in  West  Bend  township, 
Palo  Alto  CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  AVest  Fork  of  the  Des  Moines 
River,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Algona.     Pop.  of  township,  246. 

West  Bend,  a  post-office  of  Powell  co.,  Ky.,  35  miles 
R.  by  S.  of  Le.\ington. 

West  Beud,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Washington  co.. 
Wis.,  in  West  Bend  township,  on  the  Milwaukee  lliver  and 
the  Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  34  miles  N.N.W,  of 
Milwaukee,  and  about  20  miles  W.  of  Ozaukee.  It  contains 
6  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  bank,  a  high  school,  and 
several  mills.     Pop.  1225 ;  of  township,  893  additional. 

West  Bergen,  b^r'gh^n,  a  post-hamlet  in  Bergen 
township,  Genesee  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  Central 
Railroad,  22  miles  W.S.W.  of  Rochester. 

West  Berkeley,  b^rk'lee,  a  post-village  of  Alameda 
CO.,  Cal.,  adjacent  to  Berkeley.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Berkshire,  b^rk'shir,  a  post-hamlet  in  Berk- 
shire township,  Franklin  co.,  Vt.,  about  20  miles  N.E.  of  St. 
Albans.     It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

West  Ber'lin,a  post-hamlet  in  Berlin  township,  Wor- 
cester CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston,  Clinton  <fc  Fitohburg  Rail- 
road, 42  miles  W.  of  Boston. 

West  Bernard,  Texas.    See  New  Philadelphia. 

West  Berne,  Albany  co.,  N.Y.     See  Peouia. 

West  Beth'any,  a  post-office  of  Genesee  co.,  N.Y., 
»bout  37  miles  B.  of  Buffalo. 

West  Bethany,  a  hamlet  of  AVestmoreland  co.,  Pa., 
on  the  Southwest  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  near  Tarr,  12 
miles  S.  of  Greensburg.     It  has  a  distillery. 

West  Beth'el,  a  post- village  in  Bethel  township,  Ox- 
ford CO.,  Me.,  near  the  Androscoggin  River,  and  on  the 
Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  74  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Portland.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

West  Beth'Jehem,  a  borough  of  Hanover  township, 
Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  a  suburb  of  Bethlehem,  is  on  the  Lehigh 
River,  and  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad.  It  was  incor- 
porated in  1886.     Pop.  about  1500. 

West  Bethlehem,  a  township  of  Washington  co., 
Pa.     Pop.  1964. 

West  Bev'ilport,  a  post-office  of  Jasper  co.,  Tex. 

West  Bingham,  bing'am,  post-office.  Potter  co..  Pa. 

West  Black  Stocks,  a  township  of  Chester  co.,  S.C. 
Pop.  1278, 

West  Bloom'field,  a  township  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich. 
Pop.  1046, 

West  Bloomfield,  a  post-village  in  West  Bloomfield 
township,  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.,  about  20  miles  S.  by  E,  of 
Rochester,  and  1  or  2  miles  S,  of  the  New  York  Central 
Railroad.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  about  300 ;  of  the 
township,  1570. 

West  Bloomfield,  a  post-office  of  Waushara  co..  Wis. 

West  Bloom'ingdale,  a  station  of  the  Now  Jersey 
•  Midland  Railroad,  17  miles  W.N.W,  of  Patcrson,  N,J. 

West  Blue  Mound,  a  post-hamlet  of  Iowa  co.,  Wis., 
•bout  28  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Madison.     Lead  is  found  here. 


West  Bolton,  bnl't^n,  a  post-olTice  of  Chittenden  n 
Vt.,  about  17  miles  E.  by  S,  of  Burlington. 

West  Bolton,  a  post-village  in  Brome  oo„  OnebM  i 
miles  S.W.  of  Waterloo.     Pop.  150.  '  ^    ^'  * 

WoRtborough,  west'bOr-rflh,  a  pojt-vilUgo  in  Wc.ti 
borough  township,  Worce.xter  co.,  .Mass.,  on  the  U„Mmii  ' 
Albany  Railroad,  12  miles  E.  of  Worcester,  and  ;',2  miiri 
W.  by  S.  of  Boston,  It  contains  6  churches,  a  nRtifin,! 
bank,  a  savings-bank,  a  water-cure,  a  high  school  n  tii-wjl 
paper  office,  and  the  Willow  Park  Seminary.  A  sinic  re' 
form  school  is  located  in  the  township.  It  hss  innnulintu,  1 
of  boots  and  shoes,  straw  goods,  spring  beds,  and  eleiirli/ 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1S90,  5195.  I 

Westborough,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co,,  0.,  li 
Jefferson  town.xhip,  on  the  Hillsborough  Brnnoh  of'thj 
Marietta  A  Cincinnati  Railroad,  45  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ciu' 
oinnati.     It  has  H  churches.     Pop.  2.'?7. 

Westborough,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tsylor  co..  Wis.,  nt 
the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  83  miles  N.N.W, of  Slcvitii 
Point.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

West'bourne,  or  White  Mud  River,  a  post-vilU;;,! 
of  Manitoba,  on  White  Mud  River,  70  miles  W.  of  Winni-' 
peg.  It  is  admirably  situated  on  the  route  of  the  (in  li 
Pacific  Railway,  and  promises  to  become  an  importiiiit  t  ■  ■, 
A  snlendid  bridge  spans  the  river  at  this  place.     Puii.  i:  j. 

West  Bowdoin,  bo'd^n,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sagiulnhoei 
CO.,  Me.,  about  11  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lcwiston,  It  hu  » 
church  and  manufactures  of  lumber.  ; 

West  Bowersville,  bOw'^rz-vIl,  a  post-village  of 
Franklin  co.,  Gifc,  on  the  Elberton  Air-Line  Railroad,  21 J 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Toccoa.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  steam 
saw-mill. 

West  Box'ford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Essex  co,,  Ma?!., 
about  7  miles  E.  of  Lawrence.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Boylston,  boilz'tpn,  a  post-village  in  ^ -t 
Boylston  township,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  W'  r  ■ 
&  Nashua  Railroad,  8J  miles  N.  of  Worcester,  and  ul 
miles  W.  of  Boston.  It  has  4  churches,  and  manut.i  ;  .  • 
of  cotton  goods,  boots,  <to.  The  township  contains  nnntl cr 
village,  named  Oakdale,  and  has  manufactures  of  w.n.ltn 
goods  and  several  cotton-mills.  Pop.  of  the  township,  2itu2. 

West  Brad'ford,  township,  Chester  co..  Pa.  P.  MZi). 

West  Brain'tree,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  oo.,  Vt.,  on 
the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  26  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mont- 
pelier.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Butte  co.,  Cal. 

West  Branch,  a  post-village  in  Springdalo  townnliip, 
Cedar  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Burlington,  Cedar  lUpids  <t  North- 
ern Railroad,  28  miles  S.S.E.  of  Cedar  Rapids.  It  has  a 
money-order  post-office,  a  newspaj)er  office,  a  bank,  2 
churches,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop,  about  500, 

West  Branch,  a  post-village  of  Ogemaw  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Saginaw  division  of  the  Michigan  Central  Kailroml, 
66  miles  N.  of  East  Saginaw.  It  has  an  active  trade  in 
lumber. 

West  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Pawnee  co..  Neb.,  abont 
60  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Lincoln. 

West  Branch,  a  post-hamlet  in  Lee  township,  Oneida 
CO.,  N.Y.,  10  or  12  miles  N.  of  Rome.  It  has  a  grist-mill. 
Pop.  about  150. 

West  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Potter  co..  Pa. 

West  Branch,  Richland  co.,M'is.   See  Spring  Vali.ev. 

West  Branch,  a  post-hamlet  in  Kent  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Nicholas  River,  12  niilcj 
from  Kingston.     Pop.  200. 

West  Bran'dywine,  a  township  of  Chester  co.,  Pa. 
Pop.  933. 

West  Brat'tleborough,  a  post-village  in  Brattle- 
borough  township,  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  2  miles  from  BraUlc- 
borough  Station,  and  about  30  miles  E.  of  Bennington.  It 
has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

West  Brew'stcr,  a  post-h.amlet  of  Barnstable  co., 
Mass.,  about  36  miles  E.S.E.  of  Plymouth. 

West  Bridgeton,  brij't9n,  a  post-hamlct  of  Cumber- 
land CO.,  Me.,  about  33  miles  W.  of  Lcwiston. 

West  Bridgewater,  brij'w4-t?r,  a  post-village  in 
West  Bridgewater  township,  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  1  mile 
from  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  and  25  miles  S.  of  BoMc.n. 
It  contains  3  churches  and  the  Howard  Seminary,  with  a 
building  which  cost  $60,000.  The  township  has  2  foun- 
dries, a  grist-mill,  2  saw-mills,  and  manufactures  of  boots, 
shoes,  shovels.  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1758. 

West  Bridgewater,  Pa,    See  Bridgewater. 

West  Bridgewater,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windsoi  co., 
Vt,,  about  11  miles  E,  of  Rutland,  and  3  miles  E.  of  Kil- 
lington  Peak.  It  has  manufactures  of  wooden  bowls  and 
chair-stretchers.  i,..;j,i:  . 


WES 


2795 


WES 


1  West  Brid'port,  a  post-office  of  Addison  co.,  Vt.,  on 
Lake  Champlain,  h  mile  from  Crown  Point,  N.Y. 
;    West  Brighton,  brl'tpn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co., 
}J.Y.,  near  the  Genesco  River,  2  miles  S.  of  Rochester. 
!   West  Brim'field,  a  post-hamlet  in  Brimfield  town- 
(hip,  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston  &  Albany  Rail- 
road, 19  miles  E.  of  Springfield.     It  has  a  church  and  a 
brick-yard.     It  is  on  the  Chicopee  River. 
j  West  Bris'tol,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  oc,  Me. 
j   West  Bristol,  a  post-office  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y. 

West  Brome,  a  post-village  in  Brome  co.,  Quebec,  on 

branch  of  the  Yamaska  River,  and  on  the  Southeastern 
lailway,  59  miles  E.S.E.  of  Montreal.  It  contains  a 
burch,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  saw-  and  grist-mill.     P.  125. 

West  Brom'AVich,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Staf- 
ford, 2i  miles  S.E.  of  Wednesbury.     It  has  numerous  places 

f  worship,  a  branch  bank,  and  mines  of  coal  and  iron. 

West'brook,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co..  Conn.,  in 
JVestbrook  township,  on  the  Shore  Line  Railroad,  28  miles 
fi.  of  New  Haven,  and  about   1  mile  from  Long  Island 
Sound.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 
I  Westbrook,  a  city  of  Cumberland   co.,  Me.,  on   the 
Maine  Central    Railroad  and  tho  Portland  &  Ogdensburg 
kailroad,  4  miles  N.W.  of  Portland.     It  contains  the  villages 
»f  Saccarappa  and  Cumberland  Mills.    The  city  charter  was 
Idoptcd   in   1891.      Westbrook   has   several  churches,  and 
public  schools,  a  bank,  and  manufactures  of  belting,  boots 
^nd  shoes,  bricks,  Ac.     Pop.  in  189l>,  6()32. 
\   Westbrook,  a  post-office  of  Cottonwood  co.,  Minn. 
!  .West  Brook,  a  post-office  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y. 
I  West  Brook,  a  post-office  of  Bladen  co.,  N.C. 
'   Westbrook,  a  post-office  of  Blanoo  oo.,  Tex.,  about  60 
iiiles  W.  of  Austin. 

West  Brook,  a  post-village  in  Frontenao  co.,  Ontario, 
'  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Kingston.     Pop.  100. 

West  Brook'field,  a  post-village  in  West  Brookfield 
ownship,  Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston  &  Albany 
lailroad,  69  miles  AY.  by  S.  of  Boston,  and  29  miles  E.N.E. 
if  Springfield.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  corset-factory.  The 
ownship  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Ware  River,  and  is  partly 
Irained  by  the  Chicopee  River.  It  has  several  manufac- 
ories  of  boots  and  shoes.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1903. 

West  Brookfield,  a  post-village  in  Tuscarawas  town- 
hip.  Stark  CO.,  0.,  2  or  .3  miles  W.  of  Massillon.  It  has  4 
ihurehes  and  a  steam  mill.  It  is  often  called  Brookfield. 
Pop.  about  400. 

West  Brook'lyn,  a  post-village  of  Lee  co.,  111.,  at 
Brooklyn  Station,  10  miles  E.  of  Amboy. 

West  Brooklyn,  a  post-office  of  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa. 

West'brooks,  township,  Sampson  co.,  N.C.     P.  1449. 

West  Brooks'ville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Brooksvillo 
ownship,  Hancock  co.,  Me.,  on  the  E.  side  of  Penobscot 
Bay,  about  14  miles  E.  of  Belfiist. 

West   Brook'ville,  a   post-hamlet  of  Sullivan   co., 
S'.Y.,  on  the  Delaware  &  Hudson  Canal,  13  or  14  miles  N.E. 
)f  Port  Jervis.     Bluestone  for  flagging  is  shipped  here. 
'   West  Broughton,bro'ton,  a  post- village  in  Beauce  co., 
Quebec,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  St.  Joseph  de  Beauce.    P.  150. 

West  Browns'ville,  a  post-borough  of  Washington 
so..  Pa.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Monongahela  River,  oppo- 
lite  Brownsville.  It  has  a  church,  and  boat-yards  in  which 
iteamcrs  and  other  boats  are  built.  Pop.  547. 
I  West  Bruns'wick,  a  township  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa. 
Pop.  1163. 

West  Buffalo,  township.  Union  co..  Pa.    Pop.  1046. 

West'biirg,  a  township  of  Buchanan  co.,  Iowa.  P.  593. 

Westburg,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co..  Miss. 
I    M'est  Burke,  biirk,  a  post-village  in  Burke  township, 
Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Passumpsic  Railroad,  16  miles  N. 
W  St.  Johnsbury.     It  has  2  churches,  a  saw -mill,  <fcc. 
I   West  Bur'lington,a  post-hamlet  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y., 
ibout  30  miles  S.  of  Utica.     It  has  2  churches. 

West  Burlington,  a  post-hamlet  in  West  Burlington 
iOwnship,  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  on  Sugar  Creek,  about  12  miles 
W.  of  Towanda.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  township,  896. 

Westbury,  w8st'b?r-e,  a  parliamentary  and  municipal 
jorough  and  town  of  England,  co.  of  Wilts,  on  the  N.W. 
lide  of  Salisbury  Plain,  with  a  station  on  a  branch  of  the 
"reat  Western  Railway,  4i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Trowbridge, 
'op.  of  borough,  6396.  The  town  is  irregularly  built; 
ihicf  edifices,  a  town  hall,  a  church,  2  chapels  of  ease,  and 

national  school.     Westbury  returns  one  member  to  the 

ouse  of  Commons. 

Westbury,  w6st'b?r-e,  a  post-village  of  Cayuga  co., 

.Y.,  in  Victory  township,  about  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Oswego. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  152. 

Westbury,  a  station  and  hamlet  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y., 


on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  22  miles  E.  of  Brooklyn.  It 
has  a  church. 

Westbury,  wist'b^r-e,  a  post-village  in  Compton  oo., 
Quebec,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Sherbrooke.     Po{ .  100. 

West  Bush,  a  hamlet  of  Fulton  co.,  N.Y.,  IJ  miles 
from  Qloversville.     It  hag  a  church. 

West  ButMer,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  aboat 
42  miles  E.  of  Rochester. 

West  Butte,  bute  (formerly  Barbers),  a  post-hamlfct 
of  Sutter  CO.,  Cal.,  18  miles  N.W.  of  Marysville.  It  ha* 
a  church. 

West  Bux'ton,  a  post-village  in  Buxton  township, 
York  CO.,  Me.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Saoo  River,  20  miles 
W.  of  Portland.  It  has  3  churches,  a  savings-bank,  a 
graded  school,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  goods,  lumbc 
and  sugar-boxes. 

West  Cairo,  ka'ro,  or  Cairo,  a  post-village  of  Allen 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Dayton  <fc  Michigan  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of 
Lima.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-miM. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  West  Cairo. 

West  Cal 'der,  a  parish  of  Scotland,  co.  and  13  miles 
S.W.  of  Edinburgh.  It  has  an  old  castle,  and  tho  traces 
of  a  Roman  camp. 

West  Cain,  kaln,  township,  Chester  co..  Pa.     P.  139S. 

West  Cambridge,  kam'brlj,  a  post-office  of  Wash- 
ington CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Greenwich  <fc  Johnsonville  Rail- 
road, 7  miles  N.  of  Johnsonville. 

West  Cam'den,  a  post-hamlet  of  Knox  co..  Me.,  in 
Camden  township,  4i  miles  N.  of  Rockland.  It  has  a 
church. 

West  Camden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  23  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Rome.     It  has  a  church  and  a  tannery. 

West  Camp,  a  hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Hudson  River,  about  40  miles  below  Albany,  and  1  mile 
from  Germantown  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Campbell,  kam'^1,  post-office,  Ionia  oo.,  Mich. 

West  Camp'ton,  a  post-village  of  Grafton  co.,  N.ll., 
in  Campton  township,  7  or  8  miles  N.  of  Plymouth.  It  has 
a  church,  and  manufactures  of  bobbins  and  lumber. 

West  Canaan,  ka'nan,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grafton  co., 
N.H.,  on  the  Northern  Railroad,  56  miles  N.W.  of  Concord. 
It  has  a  saw-mill. 

West  Canaan,  Madison  co.,  0.    See  Amity. 

West  Can'ada  Creek,  New  York,  drains  part  of 
Hamilton  co.,  and  runs  southwestward  through  Herkimer 
CO.  to  Trentox  Falls  (which  see).  It  finally  flows  south- 
ward, and  enters  the  Mohawk  River  at  Herkimer. 

West  Can 'dor,  a  post-office  of  Tioga  co.,  N.Y.,  near 
West  Candor  Station  of  the  Utica,  Ithaca  &  Elmira  Rail- 
road, which  is  23  miles  S.  of  Ithaca. 

West  Cape,  a  post-village  in  Prince  co..  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  on  Northumberland  Strait,  47  miles  from 
Sumnierside.     It  has  4  stores  and  several  mills.    Pop.  100. 

West  Cape  IIoAve,  on  the  S.  coast  of  Australia,  13 
miles  S.AV.  of  Albany.     Lat.  35°  9'  S. ;  Ion.  117°  40'  E. 

Westcapelle,  Belgium.    See  West  Kapelle. 

West  Carlisle,  kar'lir,  a  post-village  in  Pike  town- 
ship, Coshocton  CO.,  0.,  22  miles  N.E.  of  Newark.  It  has  3 
churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  175. 

West  Car'roll,  a  parish  in  thcN.E.  part  of  Louisiana, 
bordering  on  Arkansas.  It  is  drained  by  Bayous  Boeuf 
and  Macon.  Tho  surface  is  partly  covered  with  forests. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton  is  its  staple  product.  Capital, 
Floyd.     Pop.  in  1880,  2776, 

West  Car'rollton,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co., 
0.,  in  Miami  township,  on  the  Miami  River,  8  or  9  miles 
below  Dayton,  is  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Dayton 
Railroad,  at  Carrollton  Station.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded 
school,  2  paper-mills,  and  2  cigar-factories.    Pop.  about  500. 

West  Carthage,  kar'thlj,  a  village  of  Jefferson  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Champion  township,  on  Black  River,  opposite 
Carthage,  and  i  mile  from  Carthage  Station.  It  has  a 
church  and  manufactures  of  flour  and  butter-tubs.    P.  807. 

West  Cas'co,  a  post-office  of  Allegan  co.,  Mich.,  on 
Lake  Michigan,  6  miles  N.  of  South  Haven. 

West  Castlcton,kas's?l-t(?n,  a  post-hamlet  in  Castlc- 
toB  township,  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  on  Bomaseen  Lake,  about 
15  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Rutland.  It  has  manufactures  of 
slate  mantels,  writing-slates,  and  other  slate  goods. 

West  Ce'dar,  a  post-office  of  Phillips  co.,  Kansas,  55 
miles  S.  of  Kearney,  Neb. 

West  Charleston,  charlz't^n,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pen- 
obscot CO.,  Me.,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Bangor. 

West  Charleston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Miami  co.,  0.,  in 
Bethel  township,  2  miles  from  Tippecanoe,  and  12  miles  N. 
by  E.  of  Dayton.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  130. 


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2796 


WES 


West  Charleston*  a  post-Tillago  in  Charleston  town- 
ship, Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  on  Cflyde  River,  9  miles  £.  by  S.  of 
Newport,  and  al>out  56  miles  N.N.B.  of  Montpelier.  It 
has  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  manufactures  of^ carriages, 
lumber,  starch,  &o. 

West  Charlotte*  shar'lSt,  a  post-hamiet  in  Charlotte 
township,  Chittenden  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Vermont  Central  Rail- 
road, 12  miles  S.  of  Burlington,  and  1  mile  E.  of  Ltkko 
Champlain.     Here  is  a  church. 

West  Charl'tODf  a  post-hamlct  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y., 
about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Albany.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Chatham*  ohat'%m,  a  post-hamlet  in  Chatham 
township,  Barnstable  oo.,  Mass.,  on  the  ocean,  5  miles  E. 
of  Harwich  Station,  and  about  52  miles  E.  of  New  Bedford. 

West  Chazy*  shaz'ce^  a  nost-village  in  Chazy  town- 
ship, Clinton  co.,  X.Y.,  on  the  Montreal  A,  Plattsburg  Rail- 
road, at  the  junction  of  a  branch  to  Mooors,  10  miles  N.  by 
W.  of  Plattsburg.  It  has  2  oharches,  a  grist-mill,  a  tan- 
nery, and  a  saw-mill. 

West  Cheha'lem,  a  post-offioe  of  Yam  Hill  co.,  Ore- 
gon. 

West  Chelms'ford,  a  post-rillage  in  Chelmsford  tofwn- 
ihip,  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Stony  Brook  Railroad,  5 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Lowell.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Chelsea,  chel'se,  Connecticut,  is  that  part  of 
Norwich  known  as  West  Sidb. 

West  Chenango,  she-nang'go,  a  post-offioe  of  Broome 
CO.,  N.Y. 

West  Cheshire,  chfish'ir,  a  post-village  in  Cheshire 
township,  New  Haven  co..  Conn.,  on  the  New  Haven  <fc 
Northampton  Railroad,  15  miles  N.  of  New  Haven.  It 
contains  the  factories  of  the  Cheshire  Brass  Company  and 
the  Cheshire  Manufacturing  Company. 

West'chester,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  New  York, 
bordering  on  Connecticut,  has  an  area  of  about  463  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Hudson  River,  on 
the  S.E.  by  Long  Island  Sound,  and  is  intersected  by  the 
Croton  River,  and  partly  drained  by  the  Bronx  River.  The 
surface  is  hilly  and  diversified  with  beautiful  scenery.  The 
soil  is  fertile  and  adapted  to  pasturiige.  Hay,  milk,  butter, 
potatoes,  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products  of  the 
farms.  Many  residents  of  New  York  city  have  fine  villiis 
and  country-seats  in  this  county.  It  contains  the  city  of 
Yonkers  and  the  large  villages  of  Peekskill  and  Sing  Sing. 
In  1873  the  southern  part  of  this  county  was  annexed  to 
the  city  of  New  York.  This  annexed  district  comprised 
the  populous  townships  of  Morrisania,  West  Farms,  and 
Kingsbridge.  The  rocks  which  underlie  the  soil  are  mostly 
azoic  or  eozoic.  Here  are  several  quarries  of  marble  and 
dolomite  (magnesian  limestone).  Good  quicklime  is  pre- 
pared from  the  latter.  This  county  is  intersected  l)y  the 
New  York  Central  &  Hudson  River  Railroad,  the  New  York, 
New  Haven  <t  Hartford  Railroad,  and  the  New  York  A 
Northern  Railroad.  Capital,  White  Plains.  Pop.  in  1870, 
131,348;  in  1880,  108,988;  in  1890,  146,772. 

Westchester,  a  post-hamlet  of  New  London  co..  Conn., 
about  20  miles  W.  of  Norwich.  It  has  a  church,  a  paper- 
mill,  and  a  tannery. 

Westchester,  a  station  of  the  Boston  &  New  York 
Air-Line  Railroad.    See  North  Westchester,  Conn. 

Westchester,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jay  co.,  Ind.,  about 
50  miles  N.  of  Richmond.     It  has  a  church. 

Westchester,  township.  Porter  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  1364. 

West  Chester,  a  post-village  in  Franklin  township, 
Washington  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Oskaloosa  Branch  of  the 
Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  8  miles  W.  of 
Washington.     It  has  2  churches. 

Westchester,  a  post-village  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y., 
in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  on  a  navigable  creek  of 
its  own  name,  and  on  the  New  York  <fc  New  Haven  Rail- 
road, 12  miles  N.E.  of  the  city  hall  of  New  York.  It  has 
5  churches.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  Long 
Island  Sound,  and  contains  many  fine  residences.     P.  6789. 

West  Chester,  a  post-village  in  Union  township,  But- 
ler CO.,  0.,  near  the  railroad  which  connects  Cincinnati  with 
Dayton,  j  of  a  mile  from  Chester  Station,  and  20  miles  N. 
of  Cincinnati.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  257. 

Westchester,  a  village  in  Perry  township,  Tuscarawas 
CO.,  0.,  15  miles  S.  of  Uhrichsville.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  198. 

West  Chester,  a  handsome  post-borough,  capital  of 
Chester  co.,  Pa.,  is  finely  situated,  on  elevated  ground,  27 
miles  by  railroad  W.  of  Philadelphia.  It  is  the  W.  ter- 
minus of  the  West  Chester  &  Philadelphia  Railroad.  It 
.  contains  a  beautiful  court-house,  the  front  of  which  is 
adorned  with  six  Corinthian  columns,  8  churches,  the  West 
Chester  State  Normal  School,  which  occupies  a  large  stone 


Scotia, 


edifice,  2  national  banks,  1  other  bank,  sevorni  banking 
houses,  a  cabinet  of  natural  scioncci,  a  horticultural  Imui 
3  newspaper  offices,  a  convent,  an  aca«lemy,  2  boarJinu 
schools,  the  law  department  of  Lincoln  Uiiivcraity  wliij 
was  organized  in  1870,  2  foundries  with  maohlno..'lio,„ 
steam  Uour-mill,  2  nurseries,  and  uianutaotoriis  of  h.>«ii-rT' 
soap  and  candles,  and  tin-ware.  One  daily  imper  it  Dubli.l.^il 
hero.     Pop.  in  1890,  8028.  *^         * 

West  Chester,  township,  Chester  co.,  S.C.    Pop.  2795 

West  Chester,  a  post-village  in  Cumberland  co.'  Kuvs 

iotia,  9  miles  from  Thomson.     Pop.  150. 

West  Ches'terfield,  a  post-hamlot  of  llampihiro  co 
Mass.,  on  the  Westfield  River,  about  30  milea  N'.W.  of 
Springfield.     It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures  of  turbino 
water-wheels,  saw-handles,  Ac. 

West  Chesterfield,  a  post-hamlct  of  Cheshire  co., 
N.H.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  1  mile  from  DummcrHcn 
Station,  Vt.,  and  about  14  miles  W.  by  S,  of  Kcone,  li  Jim" 
a  church,  2  saw-mills,  and  2  grist-mills.  ! 

West  Chester  Junction,  a  station  in  Delaware  co., ' 
Pa.,  on  the  Philadelphia  &  Baltimore  Central  Railroad,  at  I 
the  junction  of  the  West  Chester  A  Philttdeli)hia  lUilro'u.1 
2U  miles  W.S.W.  of  Philadelphia.  ' 

West  Claremont,  klair'mont,  a  post-hamlct  in  Clarc- 
mont  township,  Sullivan  co.,  N.H.,  on  Sugar  River,  and  un 
the  Central  Vermont  Railroad,  about  1  mile  E.  of  the  Con- 
necticut River,  and  3  miles  N.W.  of  Claremont  village. 

West  Clarks'ville,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co 
N.Y.,  about  60  miles  S.S.E.  of  BuflTalo. 

West  Cleveland,  a  post-office  of  Cuyahoga  co.,  0. 

West  Clif'ty,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Grayson  co., 
Ky.,  on  the  Louisville,  Paducah  &  Southwestern  lUilroad, 
64  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Louisville. 

West  Cocal'ico,  a  township  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa. 
Pop.  2140.     It  contains  Rcinholdsville  and  Schocneck. 

West  Colesville,  kolz'vil,  a  post-hamlct  of  Broome 
CO.,  N.Y.,  1  mile  from  Osborne  Hollow  Station.  It  has  a 
church. 

West  Colum'bia,  a  post-village  of  Mason  co.,  W.  Va., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  about  16  miles  above  Gallipolis,  0.  It 
has  3  churches,  valuable  coal-mines,  salt  springs,  and  manu- 
factures of  salt.     Pop.  778. 

West  Concord,  kong'k^rd,  a  post-village  of  Merri- 
mack CO.,  N.H.,  in  the  city  of  Concord,  on  the  Concord  A 
Claremont  Railroad,  3i  miles  N.W.  of  Concord.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  manufactory  of  flannel  (all  wool;.  Granite 
is  quarried  here  extensively. 

West  Concord,  a  post-village  in  Concord  township, 
Essex  CO.,  Vt.,  on  the  Moose  River  and  the  Portland  A  Og- 
densburg  Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  St.  Johnsbury.  It  has 
valuable  water-power,  and  manufactures  of  lumber,  flour, 
furniture,  Ac,  also  2  churches  and  a  grailcd  school.  P.  377. 

West  Conesville,  konz'vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scho- 
harie CO.,  N.Y.,  about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Albany.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  grist-mill. 

West  Con'shohock'en,  a  station  and  borough  of 
Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Reading  Railroad  and  Schuyl- 
kill River,  13i  miles  N.W. of  Philadelphia.  It  hasachurch, 
a  woollen-mill,  and  an  iron-furnace.     Pop.  in  1890,  1666. 

West  Constable,  Franklin  co.,  N.Y.  See  Wkstville. 

West  Co'pake',  a  post-hamlet  in  Coniiko  township, 
Columbia  co.,  N.Y.,  about  15  miles  S.E.  of  Hudson.  It  has 
a  church. 

West  Cor'inth,  a  post-office  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me., 
about  16  miles  N.W.  of  Bangor. 

West  Corinth  (local  pron.  ko-rinth'),  a  post-hamlct 
of  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Montpelier. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

West  Corn'ville,a  post-office  of  Somerset  co.,  Mc, 
5i  miles  N.  of  Skowhcgan. 

West  Corn'wall,  a  post-village  in  Cornwall  township, 
Litchfield  co..  Conn.,  on  the  Housatonic  River  and  the 
Housatonic  Railroad,  40  miles  N.  of  Danbury.  It  has  1  or 
2  churches  and  a  blast-furnace. 

West  Cornwall,  a  post-village  in  Cornwall  township, 
Addison  co.,  Vt.,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Middicbury.  It  has  a 
church. 

West'cott,  a  station  in  Dakota  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  16  miles  S.E.  of 
Minneapolis. 

Westcott,  a  station  of  the  Bridgeton  A  Port  NorrU 
Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Bridgeton,  N.J. 

West  Covington,  Kentucky.    See  Ecosomt. 

West  Covington,  kuv'ing-tpn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tioga 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  40  miles  N.  of  Williamsport. 

West  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  aboul 
30  miles  M'.S.W.  of  Valparaiso.     Pop.  1153. 


WES 


2797 


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West  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas. 

West  Creek,  a  hamlet  in  Dennis  township,  Cape  May 
).,  N.J.,  3  miles  S.  of  Belle  Plain.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Creek,  orWestecunk,a  post-village  of  Ocean 
).,  N.J.,  near  Little  Egg  Harbor  Bay,  and  on  the  Tucker- 
f)n  Railroad,  3  miles  N.  by  £.  of  Tuckerton.  It  has  a 
tiurch  and  several  stores.  Cranberries  and  oysters  are 
xported  from  this  place. 

i  West  Creek,  a  station  in  Cameron  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad,  3  miles  W.  of  Emporium. 
I  West  Cum'berlaiid,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  oo., 
Ic,  about  12  miles  N.  of  Portland. 

West  Daraas'cus,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Pa.,  12 
liles  N.E.  of  Honesdale. 

West  Dan'by,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
le  Geneva,  Ithaca  ifc  Sayre  Railroad,  10  miles  S.  of  Ithaca, 
t  has  2  churches  and  a  lumber-mill. 

West  Dan'vers,  a  post-hamlet  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  on 
jhe  Boston  <fc  Maine  Railroad  (Danvers  &  Newburyport 
jivision)  where  it  crosses  the  Salem  <fc  Lowell  Railroad,  16 
hiles  N.  by  E.  of  Boston. 

j  West  Dan'viile,  Tennessee,  is  in  Benton  co.,  opposite 
banville. 

)  West  Danville,  a  post-village  in  Danville  township, 
Caledonia  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Portland  <fc  Ogdensburg  Railroad, 

14  miles  W.  of  St.  Johnsbury. 
West  Darien,  d4're-§n,  a  village  in  Darien  township, 
'airfield  co..  Conn.,  on  Long  Island  Sound,  7  miles  S.W.  of 
Porwalk,  and  i  mile  from  Noroton,  a  station  on  the  New 
fork,  New  Haven  &  Hartford  Railroad.  It  has  3  churches 
.nd  a  manufactory  of  shoes. 

I  West  Dav'enport,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co., 
IJ.Y.,  on  Charlotte  River,  18  miles  S.  of  Cooperstown.  It  has 
(  churches,  a  woollen-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

West  Day,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  at 
Jiuntsville,  on  the  Sacondaga  River,  about  21  miles  N.W. 
f  Saratoga  Springs.     Here  is  a  church. 

West  Deca'tur,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa., 
in  the  Tyrone  &  Clearfield  Branch  Railroad,  about  14  miles 
I.E.  of  Clearfield.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  iron-foundry. 

West  Dedham,  ded'am,  a  post-hamlet  in  Dedham 
ownship,  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Dedham,  and 
13  or  14  miles  S.W.  of  Boston.     It  has  2  churches. 

West  Deer,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.   P.  1299. 

West  Deer'field,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Mass. 

West  Deer'ing,  a  post-office  of  Hillsborough  co.,  N.H. 

West  Deer  Isle,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co..  Me.,  is 
in  the  S.W.  coast  of  the  island  called  Deer  Isle,  about  20 
niles  S.  by  E.  of  Castine. 

West  Deer  Park,  a  post-hamlet  in  Babylon  town- 
jhip,  Suffolk  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  36 
iniles  E.  of  Brooklyn.     It  has  a  chapel  and  a  brick-yard. 

West  Del'phi,  a  village  in  Deer  Creek  township,  Car- 
k)ll  CO.,  Ind.     Pop.  253. 

West  Den'mark,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co..  Wis. 

West  Den'nis,  a  post-village  in  Dennis  township, 
Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  1^  miles  from 
Dennis  Station,  and  about  48  miles  £.  of  New  Bedford.  It 
lias  a  church. 

r  West  Depere,  de-peer',  a  post-village  of  Brown  co., 
jWis.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Fox  River,  opposite  Depere, 
and  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad.  It  has  3 
phurches,  a  high  school,  2  machine-shops,  2  blast-furnaces, 
la  steam  forge,  agricultural  works,  <fcc. 
!  West  Der'by,  a  post-village  of  Orleans  eo.,  Vt.,  on  the 
E.  shore  of  Memphremagog  Lake,  at  the  mouth  of  Clyde 
River,  1  mile  N.E.  of  Newport.  It  has  a  church,  a  paper- 
mill,  and  a  flour-mill. 

West  Dit'ton,  a  post-village  in  Compton  co.,  Quebec, 
31 J  miles  E.  of  Lennoxville.  Pop.  300.  Gold  has  been 
found  in  the  vicinity. 

West  Donegal,  don'e-gawl,  a  township  of  Lancaster 
CO.,  Pa.    Pop.  1136. 

West  Do'ver,  a  post-hamlet  in  Dover  township,  AVind- 
ham  CO.,  Vt.,  about  20  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Bennington.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  chair-factory. 

West  Dres'den,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Me.,  on 
the  E.  bank  of  the  Kennebec  River,  17  miles  S.  of  Augusta. 

West  Dry'den,  a  station  of  the  Utica,  Ithaca  &  El- 
mira  Railroad  (Scipio  division),  3i  miles  N.W.  of  Freeville. 

West  Dryden,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y., 
1  mile  from  West  Dryden  Station,  and  about  8  miles  N.E. 
of  Ithaca.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Dub'lin,  a  post-office  of  Fulton  co.,  Pa. 

West  DiibMiu,  a  post-hamlet  in  Lunenburg  oo.,  Nova 
Bcotia,  on  the  Atlantic,  17  miles  from  Bridgewater.  P.  130. 

We«t  Dud'ley,  a  post-hamlet  in   Dudley  township, 


Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  New  York  <fc  New  England 
Railroad  (Southbridge  Branch),  3i  miles  S.E.  of  South- 
bridge.     It  has  a  paper-mill. 

West  Dum'merston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windham  co., 
Vt.,  on  West  River,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Brattleborough.  It 
has  a  church. 

West  Durham,  diir'am,  a  post-hamlet  of  Andros- 
coggin CO.,  Me.,  24  miles  N.  of  Port'land.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Durham,  a  hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Dur- 
ham township,  25  miles  W.N.W.  of  Catskill.  It  has  a 
church. 

West  Duxbury,  diix'b?r-e,  a  post-hamlet  of  Plymouth 
CO.,  Mass.,  about  35  miles  S.E.  of  Boston. 

West  Earl,  a  post-township  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  22 
miles  S.W.  of  Reading,  is  drained  by  Conestoga  Creek. 
Pop.  1893.     It  contains  Earlville  and  Farmcrsville. 

West  Eaton,  e't9n,  or  Lee'ville,  a  post-village  in 
Eaton  township,  Madison  co.,  N.Y.,  about  30  miles  S.E.  of 
Syracuse.  It  has  2  churches,  about  40  houses,  a  cotton- 
mill,  and  2  or  3  woollen-mills.     Pop.  460. 

West  Eau  Claire,  o'klair',  a  township  of  Eau  Clairo 
CO.,  Wis.     Pop.  2462, 

West  Econ'omy,  a  station  in  Beaver  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Pittsburg  &  Lake  Erie  Railroad,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Pittsburg. 

Westecunk,  New  Jersey.    See  West  Cueek. 

West  E'den,  a  post-hamlet  in  Eden  township,  Han- 
cock CO.,  Me.,  on  Mount  Desert  Island,  about  24  miles  E. 
of  Castine. 

West  Ed'meston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Unadilla  River,  about  24  miles  S.  of  Utica.  It  haa 
a  church  and  30  dwellings. 

West  Eliz'abeth,  a  station  in  Union  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  1  mile  W.  of  Elizabeth. 

West  Elizabeth,  a  post-borough  in  Jefferson  town- 
ship, Alleghiiny  co..  Pa.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Mononga- 
hela  River,  opposite  Elizabeth,  and  20  miles  from  Pittsburg 
by  the  Pittsburg,  Virginia  &  Charleston  Railroad.  It  ha« 
2  churches  and  a  coal-mine. 

West  Elk'ton,  a  post-village  of  Preble  co.,  0.,  in 
Gratis  township,  about  15  miles  N.  of  Hamilton,  It  has  2 
churches,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  wagon-factory.     Pop.  300. 

West  Ellsworth,  elz'wprth,  a  post-office  of  Hancock 
CO.,  Me.,  7  miles  W.  of  Ellsworth. 

West  E'ly,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co..  Mo.,  about  12 
miles  VV.  of  Hannibal.     It  has  2  churches. 

West  Emb'den,  a  post-office  of  Somerset  co..  Me.,  15 
miles  N.W.  of  Skowhegan. 

West  End,  a  post-office  of  Alameda  co.,  Cal. 

West  End,  a  post-village  in  Springwells  township, 
Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  3  or 
4  miles  W.  of  Detroit. 

West  End,  a  station  of  the  Montclair  &  Greenwood 
Lake  Railroad,  3  miles  W.  of  Jersey  City,  N.J, 

West  End,  a  station  on  the  Erie  Railroad  (Newark  Jt 
Hudson  Branch),  2  miles  N.W.  of  Jersey  City,  N.J. 

West  End,  a  station  in  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  11  miles  S.E.  of  Easton,  Pa. 

West  End,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co,,  Pa.,  about  24 
miles  N.  of  Cumberland,  Md, 

West  End,  Santa  Cruz.    See  Fredericksted. 

West  En'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  in 
Enfield  township,  about  48  miles  W.N.W.  of  Concord,  It 
has  a  church. 

West  Englewood,  eng'gh§l-wood,  a  station  of  the 
Jersey  City  <fc  Albany  Railroad,  15  miles  N,  of  Jersey  City, 
N.J. 

Westenholz,  <^fis't?n-h61t8\  a  village  of  Prussia,  in 
Westphalia,  government  of  Minden,  circle  of  Puderborn. 
Pop.  of  commune,  1700. 

West  E'nosburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co.,  Vt, 
2i  miles  from  Enosburg  Falls  Station,  and  about  40  miles 
N.E.  of  Burlington.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

West  Ep'ping,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham  co., 
N.H.,  on  the  Lamprey  River  and  the  Concord  &  Portsmouth 
Railroad,  20  miles  W.  of  Portsmouth,  It  has  a  church,  a 
woollen-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill, 

Wester&s,  wfis't?r-os\  written  also  Vester&s,  a  town 
of  Sweden,  capital  of  the  laen  of  Westmanland,  60  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Stockholm.  Pop.  5795.  It  is  the  see  of  a  bishop, 
and  has  a  fine  cathedral,  an  ancient  castle,  and  a  town  hall. 
Its  college,  the  most  ancient  in  Sweden,  has  a  library  of 
11,000  volumes  and  a  botanic  garden.  It  has  also  ex- 
tensive ship-building  docks,  and  is  an  entrcpOt  for  iron, 
copper,  brass,  vitriol,  &e.,  sent  to  Stockholm.  It  has  an 
important  annual  fair  on  the  16th  of  September. 

Westerbotten,  w4s't§r-bot't?n,  a  laen  or  province  ot 
Sweden,  on  the  Gulf  of  Bothnia.  Area,  21,942  square  miles 


WES 


2798 


WES 


Surface  mountainous  in  the  "W.  and  centre,  and  flat  in  the 
E.  It  contains  the  Skollefte&  and  UineA  Kivers,  also  Lake 
Ilorn-Afvan  and  Stor-Afvan,  and  numerous  smaller  lakes 
ftnd  rivers.     Capital,  UmoA.     Pop.  101,44tt. 

Westerburgy  '<^d8'tfr-bd5R0\  a  village  of  Germany, 
Nassau,  capital  of  a  lordship  of  the  Counts  of  Leiningen- 
Waeterburg,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Iladaraar.  Pop.  1418.  It 
haa  m  castle,  several  tanneries,  and  large  coal-mines. 

Wes'ter  Cappein,  a  village  of  Prussian  Westphalia, 
government  and  27  miles  N.£.  of  Miinster. 

West'erham,  a  market-town  and  parish  of  England, 
CO.  of  Kent,  IVi  miles  \V.  of  Maidstone,  on  the  Darent. 
Pop.  of  parish,  22S3.  The  town  has  a  handsome  church, 
in  which  is  a  monument  to  General  Wolfe,  who  was  born 
here,  and  whose  victory  at  Qucbeo  is  commemorated  by  a 
pillar  in  this  parish, 

We8terhaasen,'<t'fl8't9r-h6w^»9n,  a  village  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  4  miles  N.N.W.  of  Quedlinburg.     Pop.  2190. 

Westerheim,  ^^ds't^r-hime^  a  village  of  Wiirtemborg, 
circle  of  Danube,  on  the  Ilauhe-Alp  Mountains,  near  Geis- 
lingen.     Pop.  1097. 

West'erlo,  or  West'erloo,  a  post-township  of  Al- 
bony  CO.,  N.Y.  Pop.  2317.  Westerlo  Post-Oftice  is  at  Ches- 
terville,  besides  which  the  township  contains  South  Westerlo. 

Westerloo,  wfis't^r-IO*,  a.  village  of  Itelgium,  25  miles 
S.E.  of  Antwerp,  on  the  Great  NJStke.     Pop.  2667. 

Wes'terly,  a  post-village  in  Westerly  township,  Wash- 
ington CO.,  R.I.,  on  the  Pawcatuck  River  and  the  Stoning- 
ton  A  Providence  Railroad,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Stonington,  and 
44  miles  S.S.W.  of  Providence.  Small  vessels  can  ascend 
the  river  to  this  place.  It  contains  9  churches,  a  high 
school,  a  superior  hotel  which  cost  $300,000,  4  national 
banks,  3  savings-banks,  a  newspaper  office,  gas-works,  and 
a  public  library.  It  has  extensive  manufactures  of  flannel 
and  cotton  goods,  and  quarries  of  excellent  granite  which 
is  capable  of  receiving  a'  high  polish.  The  township  is 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Atlantic.  The  granite-quarries 
cnij)loy  from  600  to  1000  men.  Some  of  the  finest  build- 
ings of  Providence,  Hartford,  and  New  Haven  have  been 
built  of  this  granite.  P.  of  village,  2507  ;  of  township,  6104. 

West'ern,  a  township  of  Henry  co..  111.     Pop.  1372. 

Western,  a  station  in  Henry  co.,  HI.,  on  the  Rockford, 
Rock  Island  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Orion. 

Western,  post-township,  Otter  Tail  co.,  Minn.  Pop.  132. 

Western,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saline  co.,  Neb.,  on  Turkey 
Creek,  about  44  miles  S.S.W,  of  Lincoln.     It  has  a  church. 

Western,  a  township  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  2423. 
It  contains  Westernville. 

Western  Australia  (formerly  Swan  River  Set- 
tlement), a  British  colony  dsfined  by  her  Majesty's  com- 
missioners as  including  that  portion  of  the  Austnilian  con- 
tinent situated  to  the  W.  of  the  129th  meridian  and 
bounded  on  the  other  three  sides  by  the  Indian  Ocean.  Its 
greatest  length,  from  N.  to  S.,  is  1500  miles ;  breadth,  about 
1000  miles.  Estimated  area,  1,060,000  square  miles.  Pop. 
in  1881,  29,708;  in  1891,49,782.  Only  a  small  portion  of  this 
vast  territory  is  inhabited.  The  native  population  in  the 
settled  district  is  estimated  at  about  1500.  This  is  the  oldest 
of  the  British  Australian  colonies,  having  been  formed  in 
1829.  Three  parallel  mountain-ranges  traverse  the  colony 
from  S.  to  N.,  rising  in  height  from  the  co.ast  inland. 
Elevation  of  Tulbanop,  the  culminnting  point,  5000  feet. 
Granitic  rocks,  with  claystone  and  limestone,  prevail.  Co- 
lumnar basalt  is  met  with  around  Qdographe  Bay  and  other 
localities.  From  this  point  to  Shark  Bay  a  band  of  coal 
runs  for  about  600  miles.  In  the  parts  hitherto  explored, 
auriferous  rocks,  and  indeed  all  the  older  palssozoic  strata, 
in  which  alone  these  usually  occur,  seem  entirely  absent. 
The  soil  is  light  and  dry,  both  on  the  coast  and  in  the  in- 
terior ;  but  in  the  middle  of  the  colony  are  bands  of  more 
fertile  land,  suited  for  the  culture  of  the  vine,  olive,  and 
lig,  and  where  sandal-wood  and  other  trees  grow  abundantly. 
The  principal  stream  is  the  Swan  River,  with  its  tributaries, 
and  in  the  interior  are  several  salt  lakes  and  pools, 
but  the  colony  is  in  general  not  well  watered.  The  climate 
is  arid,  but  comparatively  healthy.  Mean  annual  temper- 
iiture  at  Perth  (in  32°  S.  lat.),  66°;  winter,  54°;  summer, 
72°  Fahr.  Iron  is  abundant,  and  some  good  lead  ore 
and  ores  of  mercury  and  zinc  are  found.  The  principal 
timber  trees  of  the  colony  are  of  the  eucalj'ptus  or  mj'rtle 
family ;  of  these  the  jarrah  ond  tewart  are  valuable  for  ship- 
building, the  former  being  remarkable  for  its  resistance  to 
decaj',  whether  from  time,  weather,  water,  the  white  ant,  or 
the  teredo.  The  sandal-wood  also  forms  a  valuable  article  of 
export.  The  trade  is  chiefly  with  Britain,  with  occasional 
imports  from  Mauritius,  India,  and  China.  The  principal  ex- 
ports are  wool,  copper,  sandal-wood,  pearl  shells,  <tc,,  to  the 


value  of  £.'565,000  ;  imports,  apparel,  boor  nnd  ale  Iron 
spirits,  cottons,  woollens,  Ac,  to  the  value  of  £4;ui,U0o''  r«v 
enue  and  expenditure  are  about  £150,000  oath;  dobi  {, 
£135,000.  The  colony  is  ruled  by  a  governor  and  council  kdJ 
has  32  counties  or  districts.  Chief  towns,  I'erth,  Frconin'ntlo 
and  Albany.  After  the  cessation  of  transportation  toTa»iiiaI 
nia,  this  colony  was,  by  oonscnl  of  the  more  prominent  coltu 
nists,  made  a  penal  settlement,  a  circumstance  that  nve  a 
decided  impetus  to  its  commerce  and  population. 

Western  Bay,  a  large  fishing-hamlot  on  the  N.  ihnrt 
of  Conception  Bay,  Newloundlatd,  17  miles  from  C»rbu. 
near.     Pop.  895. 

Western  College,  a  post-village  of  Linn  eo.,  lown, 
in  College  township,  8  or  9  miles  S.  of  Ce<lnr  Hnpids.  U 
conUvins  2  churches,  a  newspaper  oflice,  a  flonr-iuill  »nj 
Western  College  (United  Brethren).     Pop.  about  400. ' 

Western  Head,  a  hamlet  in  Queens  co.,  Nova  Scotia, 
at  the  entrance  to  Liverpool  Bay,  4  miles  from  Lirenwol 
Pop.  150.  ' 

Western  Islands.    See  Azores,  and  IlKBRinKS.         i 

Western  Narra.    See  Auiiur,  and  Xauha. 

Westernorrland,  Sweden.    See  IlKRxiisAKD. 

Western  Park,  a  post-office  of  Elk  co.,  Kansas. 

West'ern-Port,  an  inlet  of  the  S.  coast  of  Austrnlin, 
Victoria,  12  miles  S.E.  of  the  inlet  of  Port  Phillip,  aiid  i 
separated  from  it  by  the  peninsula  of  Arthur's  Seat.   I<eni;th  I 
and  breadth,  about  20  miles  each,  but  it  is  nearly  fliled  iip 
by  French  and  Grant  Islands,  and  only  the  entrance  on  their 
W.  side  is  adapted  for  largo  vessels. 

West'ern  Port,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.,  Md., 
on  the  North  Branch  of  the  Potomac  River,  which  separates 
it  from  Piedmont,  W.  Va.,  and  on  the  Cumberland  A  I'cnn. 
sylvania  and  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroads,  28  miles  S.W.  of 
Cumberland.  It  has  a  church,  a  convent,  an  iron-foundry, 
a  gunsmith's  shop,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1526. 

Western  Reserve  College,  Ohio.    See  llunsox. 

Western  Sarato'ga,  a  post- village  of  Union  co..  III., 
about  36  miles  N.  of  Cairo.  It  has  a  mineral  spring,  which 
is  s.aid  to  be  valuable,  a  church,  and  a  plough-factory. 

Western  Springs,  a  post-village  in  Lyons  township. 
Cook  CO.,  III.,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  A  Quiney  Rail- 
road, 16  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Chicago.  It  has  3  or  4  cburchea, 
a  female  seminary,  and  a  mineral  spring. 

Western  Star,  a  post-office  of  Summit  co.,  0.,  about 
36  miles  S.  of  Cleveland. 

Western  Union,  a  post-ofiice  of  Racine  co.,  Wis.,  on 
the  Western  Union  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  23  miles  S.  of  Jlilwaukce. 

West'ernville,  a  post-village  in  Western  township, 
Oneida  eo.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Mohawk  River  and  the  Black 
River  Canal,  8  miles  from  Rome,  and  18  uiilcs  N.N.W.  of 
Utica.    It  has  1  or  2  churches  and  a  union  school.    Pop.  233. 

Wester  Schclling,  wfc't^r  sKdl'ling,  a  town  of  the 
Netherlands,  in  Friesland,  island  of  Terscheliing.  It  has 
a  good  harbor. 

Westervik,  w5s't?r-vik',  sometimes  written  Vester- 
vik,  a  town  of  Sweden,  laen  and  75  miles  N.  of  Kaluiar,  on 
a  deep  inlet  of  the  Baltic,  here  crossed  by  a  bridge  of  boats. 
Pop.  5756.  It  has  a  fine  church,  a  safe  and  convenient 
harbor,  ship-building  docks,  manufactures  of  linen  fabrics, 
and  a  trade  in  iron,  wooden-wares,  tar,  and  pitch. 

West'erville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Decatur  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Crooked  Fork  of  Grand  River,  about  20  miles  S.W.  of 
Osceola. 

Westerville,  Franklin  co.,  0.    See  Flint. 

Westerville,  a  post-village  in  Blendon  township, 
Franklin  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cleveland,  Mount  Vernon  A  Co- 
lumbus Railroad,  12i  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Columbus.  It  haj 
1  or  2  newspaper  offices,  4  churches,  a  foundry,  a  flour-mill, 
and  a  planing-mill,  and  is  the  seat  of  Otterbein  University, 
which  was  organized  in  1849  under  the  direction  of  the 
United  Brethren.     Pop.  in  1890,  132>J. 

Westerwald,  *5s't?r-Mlt',  a  hill-chain  of  WestGer- 
many,  forming  the  boundary  between  Westphalia  and  Nas- 
sau, stretches  N.E.  from  Coblentz  for  about  70  miles.  Iti 
principal  summit,  the  Salzburgerkopf,  is  2847  feet  in  eleva- 
tion.    The  mountains  are  well  wooded. 

West  Ex'eter,  a  post-hamlet  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Exeter  township,  about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Cooperstown.  It 
has  a  church. 

West  Fair'field,  a  post-hamlet  of  WestmoF«Iand  oo. 
Pa.,  in  Fairfield  township,  about  12  miles  W.  of  Johnstown. 
It  has  3  churches. 

West  Fair'lee,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co.,  Vt..  lU 
West  Fairlee  township,  about  30  miles  S.S.E.  of  Montpclier. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  savings-bank,  a  carriage-shop,  and  ■ 
lumber-mill. 


WES 


2799 


WES 


West  Fair'view,  a  post-village  of  Cumberland  co., 

),.,  on  the  Susquehanna  lliver  and  the  Northern  Central 

iiilroad,  2  or  3  miles  above  Harrigburg.    It  has  3  churches, 

pavings- bank,  a  steam  saiv-mill,  and  the  Uarrisburg  Iron 

id  Nail  Works.     Pop.  about  1100. 

!\Vest'fall,  a  township  of  Pike  co.,  Pa,     Pop.  960. 

jM'est  Fal'lowfield,  a  township  of  Chester  co.,  Pa, 

»n.  1159. 

|>Vest  Fallowfield,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  Pa. 

I)p.  503. 

;West  FallSf  a  post-ofSce  of  Frederick  co.,  Md. 

jWest  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  oc,  N.Y.,  in  Aurora 

jwnship,  6  miles  from  East  Aurora,  and  about  20  miles  S.E. 

j  Buffalo.     It  has  2  or  3  churches. 

l>Vest  Fails,  a  station  of  the  Philadelphia  &  Reading 

|iilroad,  on  the  Schuylkill  River,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Phila- 

ilphia. 

iWest  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Falls  co.,  Tex.,  18  miles 

f.S.W.  of  Marlin.     It  has  a  church. 

jWest  Falmouth,  fai'muth,  a  post-hamlet   in   Fal- 

iouth  township,  Cumberland  co..  Me.,  on  the  Maine  Cen- 

jivl  Railroad,  about  8  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Portland.     It  has 

jchurches. 

iWest  Falmouth,  a  post-village  in  Falmouth  town- 
ip,  Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Buzzard's 
^y,  and  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  64  miles  S.S.E.  of 
iston,  and  about  18  miles  E.  of  New  Bedford.  It  has  a 
iraded  school  and  2  churches. 

iVVest  Farm'lngdale,  a  post-office  of  Kennebec  co., 
i'e.,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Augusta. 

[West  Farm'ington,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co., 
le.,  in  Farmingtoa  township,  on  the  Maine  Central  Rail- 
Ud,  1  mile  S.W.  of  Farmington. 

IWest  Farmington,  a  post-village  of  Ontario  co., 
.Y.,  on  the  New  York  Central  Railroad,  6  miles  N.W.  of 
hnandaigua.     Here  are  3  churches. 

i  West  Farmington,  a  post-village  in  Farmington 
iwnship,  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  on  the  Painesville  &  Youngs- 
iwn  Railroad,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Warren.  It  contains  the 
Western  Reserve  Seminary,  2  churches,  and  a  manufactory 
"  furniture.     Pop.  about  250. 

West  Farms,  a  post-hamlet  in  Northampton  town- 
lip,  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  3  miles  from  Florence  Station, 
id  5  miles  from  Northampton.  It  has  a  church. 
West  Farms,  a  station  of  the  New  York  &  New  Haven 
ailroad,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  New  York. 
West  Farms,  a  former  post-village  of  Westchester  co., 
f.Y.,  on  Bronx  River,  and  on  the  New  York,  New  Haven  A 
[artford  Railroad,  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  the  Grand  Central 
fepot  of  New  York.  West  Farms  was  annexed  to  New 
I'ork  city  in  1873,  and  the  po;it-office  is  now  a  branch  of 
pe  New  York  post-office. 

[  West  Farn'ham,  or  Saint  Rom'uald  de  Farn- 
am,  a  post-village  in  Missisquoi  co.,  Quebec,  at  the 
jinction  of  the  Stanstead,  Shefford  &  Chambly,  Southeast- 
'  n  <fc  Montreal,  and  Chambly  <fc  Sorel  Railwaysi,  41  miles 
E.  of  Montreal.  It  contains  3  churches,  several  hotels,  4 
w-mills,  3  grist-mills,  3  brick-fields,  and  16  manufactories 
various  kinds.     Pop.  1600. 

West  Fayette,  fa-yett',  a  post-hamlet  of  Seneca  co., 
•Y.,  1  mile  from  West  Fayette  Station,  which  is  on  the 
eneva,  Ithaca  &  Sayre  Railroad,  and  7  miles  S.E.  of  Ge- 
eva.     It  has  tile-works. 

West  Feliciana,  fe-lis-se-ah'na,  a.  parish  of  Lonisi- 
na,  bordering  on  the  state  of  Mississippi,  has  an  area  of 
bout  370  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the 
lississippi  River,  and  is  intersected  by  Bayou  Sara.  The 
jrface  is  undulating,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests 
t'  the  cypress,  ash,  hickory,  honey-locust,  oak,  tupelo,  and 
ther  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  sugar-cane,  and 
ndian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  St.  Francis- 
ille.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  §1,440,290. 
fop.  in  1870,  10,499;  in  1880,  12,809. 
West'field,  a  township  of  Bureau  co..  111.  Pop.  1396. 
Westfield,  a  post-village  in  Westfield  township,  Clark 
p..  111.,  6  miles  S.  of  Ashmore,  about  20  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Paris,  and  10  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Charleston.  It  has  a  money- 
frder  post-office,  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  the  West- 
leld  College,  and  2  flouring-milis.  Pop.  about  700 ;  of  the 
iownship,  1166. 

)  Westfield,  a  post-village  in  Washington  township, 
tlamilton  co.,  Ind.,  6  miles  W.  of  Noblesville,  and  about  21 
jailes  N.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill, 
i  woollen-mill,  a  plough-factory,  and  2  carriage-shops. 
Pop.  608. 
Westfield,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  Iowa.  P.  1708. 
Westfield,  a  post-office  of  Plymouth  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 


Sioux  River  and  the  Sioux  City  &  Pembina  Railroad,  24 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Sioux  City. 

Westfield,  a  post-office  of  McPherson  co.,  Kansas, 

Westfield,  a  post-office  in  Westfield  Plantation,  Aroos- 
took co..  Me.,  33  miles  N,  of  Houlton. 

Westfield,  a  post-town  of  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  on 
a  river  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the  Boston  A  Albany 
Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  New  Haven  A  Northampton 
Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Springfield,  and  15  miles  S.  by  W. 
of  Northampton.  It  is  situated  in  a  beautiful  and  fertile 
valley,  and  contains  9  churches,  the  Westfield  State  Normal 
School,  a  high  school,  2  hotels,  2  national  banks,  2  savings- 
banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  extensive  manufactures  of 
whips  and  cigars,  paper,  steam  heaters,  paper  baskets,  ma- 
chinery, and  numerous  other  articles.  Its  water-works  cost 
$250,000.     Pop.  in  1890,  9805. 

Westfield,  a  township  of  Dodge  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  430. 

Westfield,  a  hamlet  in  Cinnaminson  township,  Bur- 
lington CO.,  N.J.,  1  mile  from  Riverton,  and  8  miles  K.N.E. 
of  Camden.     It  has  a  Friends'  meeting  and  about  25  houses. 

Westfield,  a  post-village  in  Westfield  township,  Union 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  7  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Elizabeth,  and  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  New  York 
City.  It  has  several  churches,  an  academy,  a  savings- 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  carriage-factory,  Ac.  Pop.  of 
township,  2753. 

Westfield,  a  post- village  in  Westfield  township,  Chau- 
tauqua CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Chautauqua  Creek,  1  mile  from  Lake 
Erie,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan  Southern  Railroad, 
17  miles  S.W.  of  Dunkirk,  31  miles  E.N.E.  of  Erie,  Pa., 
and  about  6  miles  N.W.  of  Mayville.  It  contains  6  churches, 
the  Westfield  Academy  and  Union  School,  a  national  bank, 

I  other  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  several  flouring-mills,  a 
paper-mill,  a  woollen-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  mowers. 
Pop.  in  1880,  1924;  of  the  township,  3323. 

Westfield,  a  township  of  Richmond  co.,  N.Y.  Pop. 
4905.     It  contains  Tottenville. 

Westfield,  a  post-office  of  Stokes  co.,  N.C.,  38  miles  N. 
of  AVinston. 

Westfield,  a  township  of  Surry  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  800. 

Westfield,  a  township  of  Medina  co.,  0.     Pop.  1023. 

Westfield,  a  post-hamlet  in  Westfield  township.  Mor- 
row CO.,  0.,  on  the  Olentangy  River,  near  the  railroad  which 
connects  Delaware  with  Gallon,  about  12  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Delaware.    It  has  2  churches.    Pop.  of  the  township,  1322, 

Westfield,  a  post-borough  in  Westfield  township,  Tioga 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  Cowanesque  Creek,  about  58  miles  N.  of 
Lock  Haven,  and  33  miles  W.S.W.  of  Corning,  N.Y.  It 
has  a  newspaper  office,  2  churches,  2  tanneries,  and  a  graded 
school.     Pop.  in  1890,  1128. 

Westfield,  a  post-office  of  Harris  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  In- 
ternational A  Great  Northern  Railroad,  19  miles  N.  of 
Houston. 

Westfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  in  West- 
field  township,  about  37  miles  E.  by  N.  of  St.  Albans.  It 
has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber  .and  starch. 
The  township  is  intersected  by  the  Missisquoi  River.  Pop. 
of  township,  721. 

Westfield,  a  post-village  in  Westfield  township,  Mar- 
quette CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad  and 
the  Montello  River,  25i  miles  N.  of  Portage  City.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  woollen-mill,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a 
newspaper  office.     Pop.  of  the  township,  642. 

Westfield,  a  village  of  Sauk  co..  Wis.,  in  Westfield 
township,  8  miles  S.  of  Reedsburg  Station.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  wagon-shop.  Here  is  Loganville  Post-Office. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1320. 

West'field,  a  post-hamlet  in  Kings  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick, 6  miles  from  Westfield  Station.     Pop.  200, 

Westfield,  a  hamlet  in  Queens  co,,  Nova  Scotia,  30 
miles  from  Liverpool,     Pop,  100. 

Westfield,  a  hamlet  of  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  13  miles 
N.E.  of  Goderich, 

Westfield  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Dodge  ec,  Minn., 

II  miles  S.  of  Dodge  Centre. 

Westfield  Flats,  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.     See  RocklanI). 

Westfield  Plantation,  a  township  of  Aroostook  co.. 
Me.     Pop.  76, 

Westfield  River,  Massachusetts,  rises  in  Berkshire 
CO.,  and  runs  nearly  southward  through  Hampshire  co.  It 
finally  runs  southeastward,  and  enters  the  Connecticut 
River  1  or  2  miles  below  Springfield.  It  has  two  small 
affluents,  called  the  Middle  and  West  Branches,  which  run 
southeastward,  and  enter  Westfield  River  in  Hampshire  co. 

Westfield  Station,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co..  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  European  A  North  American  Railway, 
15  miles  from  St.  John. 


WES 


2800 


WES 


>Ve»t  Fin'ley,  a  post-township  forming  the  8.W.  ex- 
tremity of  Washington  co.,  I'a.,  about  42  miles  S.W.  of 
PitUburg.     Pop.  1471. 

West  Fitcn'burg,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  oo., 
Mass.,  in  Fitchburg  township,  on  the  Vermont  &  Massu- 
ohusotts  Knilroad,  2  miles  \V.  of  Fitchburg. 

West  FlaniboroiiKh,  (lam'bar-ruh,  a  post-village  in 
Wontworth  oo.,  Ontario,  3i  miles  from  Dundas.  It  contains 
»  woollen-mill,  2  paper-mills,  and  several  stores.    Pop.  300. 

West  Flan'dcrs,  a  province  of  Belgium,  bounded  N. 
by  the  North  Sea,  and  W.  and  S.  by  France.  Area,  1249 
square  miles.  Its  surface  is  flat,  belonging  mostly  to  the 
Scheldt  basin,  but  along  the  coast  there  is  a  range  of  low, 
■andy  hills.  The  soil  is  well  cultivated,  though  not  as 
productive  as  East  Flanders.  Capital,  Bruges.  Pop.  684,468. 

West  Florence,  Preble  co.,  0.    See  Florence. 

West'f'ord,  a  post-village  of  Windham  co..  Conn.,  in 
Ashford  township,  30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Hartford.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  carriage-shop,  and  a  spoke-factory.  Gold  is 
said  to  be  found  here. 

Westford,  a  post-village  in  Westford  township,  Mid- 
dlesex CO.,  Mass.,  about  7  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lowell,  with  a 
station  on  the  Stony  Brook  Railroad  and  on  the  Nashua, 
Acton  &  Boston  Railroad,  30  miles  N.W.  of  Boston.  It  has 
3  churches  and  an  academy.  It  is  on  a  hill  which  com- 
mands a  beautiful  view.  The  township  contains  Granite- 
ville,  and  has  a  granite-quarry  and  a  pop.  (1890)  of  2250. 

Westford,  a  post-village  in  Westford  township,  Otsego 
CO.,  N.Y.,  65  miles  W.  of  Albany,  and  8  miles  E.S.E.  of 


Cooperstown.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  of  township,  1256. 
.........  in,  - 

tendcn  co.,  Vt.,  on  Brown's  River,  about  15  miles  N.E.  of 


Westford,  a  post-village  in  Westford  township,  Chit- 
mdcn  CO.,  Vt.,  on  Brown's  River,  about  ^ 
Burlington.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1237. 


Westford,  a  post-township  forming  the  most  north- 
eastern part  of  Richland  co.,  Wis.,  about  60  miles  N.W.  of 
Madison.     Pop.  1004. 

West  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co..  Ark.,  about 
16  miles  S.  of  Fayetteville. 

West  Fork,  Crawford  co.,  Ind.    Sec  Marietta. 

West  Fork,  township,  Franklin  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  345. 

West  Fork,  a  township  of  Monona  co.,  Iowa.     P.  89. 

West  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Christian  co.,  Ky.,  at  Glen- 
burnie  Mills,  62  miles  N.W.  of  Nashville,  Tenn. 

West  Fork,  a  post-hamlet  of  Reynolds  co..  Mo.,  27 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Salem.     It  has  2  churches. 

West  Fork,  a  post-office  of  Overton  co.,  Tenn. 

West  Fork  Furnace,  a  post-office  of  Floyd  co.,  Va. 

West  Fork  of  Big  Blue.  See  Big  Blue.  The  west 
fork  or  branch  of  a  river  is  often  noticed  under  the  name 
of  the  main  stream. 

West  Fork  of  Ivy,  a  township  of  Madison  co.,  N.C. 
Pop.  746. 

West  Forks  Plantation,  a  township  of  Somerset 
CO.,  Me.     Pop.  73. 

West  Fort  Ann,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co., 
N.Y.,  about  7  miles  N.  of  Sandy  Hill.  It  has  a  church,  a 
tannery,  and  several  lumber-mills. 

West  Foxborough,  fox'bflr-rfih,  a  post-hamlet  of 
Norfolk  CO.,  Mass.,  25  miles  S.S.W.  of  Boston. 

West  Frauk'lin,  a  post-hamlet  in  Marr'g  township, 
Posey  CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  24  miles  below  Evans- 
ville.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Franklin,  a  township  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa. 
Pop.  1098. 

West  Franklin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co..  Pa., 
on  Towanda  Creek,  about  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Williamsport. 

West  Free'dom,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarion  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Perry  township,  3  miles  from  Parker  City,  and  about  24 
wiles  S.  by  E.  of  Oil  City.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  250. 

West  Free'hold,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monmouth  co., 
N.J.,  2  miles  from  Freehold,  and  about  26  miles  £.  of 

X'fig,  anef'wuePop.  150. 
^be  prineipape'man,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co..  Me., 
aVl    in    the  es  N.N.W.  of  Augusta.     It  has  a  church. 

W^»e  coloriend'ship,  a  post-hamlet  of  Howard  co.,  Md., 
about  ^Vuuilcs  W.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Friesland,  frecs'l&nt,  a  former  district  of  the 
Netherlands,  province  of  North  Holland,  being  the  sea- 
board of  the  Zuyder  Zee,  N.  of  Edam.  It  comprehended 
the  towns  of  Enkhuysen,  Hoorn,  and  Medemblik. 

West  Fulton,  fCi^l'tpn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schoharie  co., 
N.Y.,  about  44  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Albany.  It  has  a  church, 
a  grist-mill,  2  stores,  and  a  saw-mill. 

West  Gale'na,  township,  Jo  Daviess  co.,  111.     P.  6837. 

West  Gal  loAvay ,  a  county  of  Scotland.   See  Wigtown. 

West  Galway,  gawl'way,  a  post-village  of  New  York, 
on  the  W.  border  of  Galway  township,  Saratoga  oo.,  and 


partly  in  Fulton  co.,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Amsterdam.    It  J,  i 
i  churches.  '  \ 

West  Gar'diner,  a  post-hnmlct  in  West  Garilinl 
township,  Kennebec  co..  Mo.,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Ausuata     i 

West  Gar'land,  a  post-hamUa  in  (Jarlnnd  townsiii  1 
Penobscot  CO.,  Me.,  about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Bangor, 
has  a  machine-shop. 

West  Georgia,  j5r'je-a,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  on 
Vt.,  about  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  St.  Albans. 

West  Ghent,  a  hamlet  iu  Ghent  township,  Columbi' 
CO.,  N.Y.,  6  miles  W.  of  Ghent  Station.     It  has  a  church 

West  Gilboa,  ghirbo'a,  a  hamlet  of  Schoharie  oo 
N.Y.,  about  30  miles  S.E.  of  Cooperstown. 

West  Glens  Falls,  Warren  co.,  N.Y.,  ii  a  part  o 
Glens  Falls,  and  is  1  mile  from  Glens  Falls  SUtion. 

West  Glen'ville,  a  village  in  Glenvillo  townnhir! 
Schenectady  co.,  N.Y.,  2  miles  from  lloffiuun's  Ferry  Sui 
tion.     It  has  2  churches. 

West  Gloucester,  glSs't^r,  a  post-office  and  Shnkei 
village  of  Cumberland  co.,  Mc,  about  12  miles  S.W.  «r 
Lewiston.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill.  I 

West  Gloucester,  a  post-village  in  Gloucester  town  I 
ship,  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  4  miles  W.  of  (Jlouccster,  and  2  uiilct 
from  West  Gloucester  Station,  which  is  on  the  EMlercl 
Railroad,  13i  miles  N.E.  of  Salem.     It  has  2  churches. 

West  Gloucester,  a  post-hamlet  of  Providence  co  ' 
R.I.,  about  22  miles  W.N.W.  of  Providence.  ""j 

West  Glover,  gliiv'^r,  a  post-hamlet  in  Glover  town-l 
ship,  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Barton,  and  about! 
40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
lumber-mill. 

West  Gore,  a  post-village  in  Hants  co..  Nova  Scotia,'! 
17  miles  from  Newport.     Pop.  100.  i 

West  Gorham,  go'ram,  a  post-hamlct  in  Oorbam! 
township,  Cumberland  Co.,  Me.,  12  miles  W.  of  Portland. 

West  Go'shcn,  a  post-village  in  Goshen  township,! 
Litchfield  co.,  Conn.,  about  24  miles  N.W.  of  Waterbury.  \ 
It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  manufactures  of  knitting, 
cotton,  and  lumber. 

West  Goshen,  a  township  of  Chester  co..  Pa.    P.  844. 

West  Goulds'borough,  a  post-hamlct  of  Hancock  i 
CO.,  Me.,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Frenchman's  Bay,  about  45 ; 
miles  S.E.  of  Bangor. 

West  Gran'by,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hartford  oo.,  Conn., 
20  miles  N.W.  of  Hartford. 

West  Gran'ville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Granville  town, 
ship,  Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  24  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Springfield. 

West  Granville,  a  station  in  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  31  miles  S.  of  Elmira,  N.Y. 

West  Granville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Milwaukee  co., 
Wis.,  in  Granville  township,  11  or  12  miles  N.W.  of  Mil- 
waukce. 

West  Granville  Corners,  a  post-hamlct  in  Gran 
ville  township,  Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  about  6  miles  S.  of 
Whitehall.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Gray,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co..  Me.,  in 
Gray  township,  6  miles  W.  of  Gray  Station.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  carriages,  sleighs,  shooks,  <tc. 

West  Great  Works,  a  post-hamlet  of  Penobscot  co.. 
Me.,  on  the  Penobscot  River,  and  on  the  European  <fc  North 
American  Railroad,  12  miles  above  Bangor. 

West  Greece,  a  post-hamlet  in  Greece  township,  Mon- 
roe CO.,  N.Y.,  about  10  miles  N.W.  of  Rochester.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  about  30  houses. 

West  Greene,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  Ala. 

West  Greene,  a  post-office  of  Erie  co..  Pa.,  about  10 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Erie. 

West  Green'field,  a  small  hamlet  of  Saratoga  co., 
N.Y.,  6  miles  from  Saratoga  Springs. 

West  Green  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Green  Lake  co.. 
Wis.,  about  27  miles  W.  of  Fond  du  Lac. 

West  Greenville,  Pennsylvania.    See  Gueesville, 

West  Green'wich  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Kent 
CO.,  R.I.,  about  22  miles  S.W.  of  Providence. 

West  Green'wood,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co., 
Pa.,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Geneva  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Groton,  graw'tpn,  a  post-hamlet  in  Groton  town- 
ship, Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Squannacook  Kivcr,  and 
on  a  branch  of  the  Boston,  Lowell  &  Nashua  Railroad,  about 
11  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Fitchburg.  It  has  a  paper-mill  and 
a  leather-board-mill. 

West  Groton,  a  post-hamlct  in  Groton  township, 
Tompkins  co.,  N.Y.,  about  12  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Ithaca.  It 
has  a  church. 

West  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  in  West  Grove  township, 
Davis  CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Burlington  &  Southwestern  Ruil- 
road,  8  miles  AV.  of  Bloomfield.    It  has  2  churches.    Pop. 


WES 


28m 


WES 


09  ;  of  the  township,  1039.     West  Grove  is  also  a  station 
11  the  St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  <fe  Northern  Railroad  (North- 
rn  division),  28i  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Ottumwa,  Iowa. 
West  Grove,  a  post-village  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
'hiladelphia  &  Baltimore  Central  Railroad,  44  miles  W.S.W. 
f  Philadelphia.     It  has  2  churches,  a  large  nursery  of 
OSes,  a  grist-mill,  <fec.     The  name  of  its  post-ofiSce  is  West 
■  rove  Station. 
West  Ilal'ifax,  a  post-office  of  Windham  co.,  Vt., 
bout  24  miles  E.S.E.  of  Rennington. 
West  Hal'lock,  a  post-hamlet  on  the  W.  border  of 
lallock  township,  Peoria  CO.,  111.,  about  16  miles  N.  of 
'eoriii.     It  has  a  church. 
Westham,  or  Ham,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey, 
1  miles  W.S.W.  of  St.  Paul's,  London.     Pop.  1259. 
West  Ham'burg,  a  post-office  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
,a.ke  Erie,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern 
lailroad,  at  Hamburg  Station. 

West  Ham'ilton,  a  station  of  the  Cincinnati,  Ilam- 
Iton  ifc  Indianapolis  Railroad,  1  mile  W.  of  Hamilton,  0. 
West'hain  Locks,  a  post-office  of  Henrico  co.,  Va. 
.  West  Hamp'den,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hampden  town- 
hip,  Penobscot  CO.,  Me.,  about  12  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bangor. 
t  has  a  church. 

West  Hamp'stead,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rockingham 
o.,  N.H.,  about  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Manchester,  and  i  mile 
rom  Hampstead  Station. 

West  Hamp'tou,  a  post-hamlet  in  West  Hampton 
ownship,  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of 
jpringfield.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of  the  township,  556. 
i  West  Hampton,  a  post-village  in  Southampton  town- 
Ihip,  Suffolk  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  76 
piles  E.  of  New  York,  1  mile  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and 
I  miles  S.  of  Riverhead.  It  has  a  carriage-factory,  several 
Btrge  summer  boarding-houses,  and  2  churches.  Pop.  4.39. 
I  Westhampton,  a  post-office  of  Henrico  co.,  Va, 

West  Han'over,  a  post-haralot  in  Hanover  township, 
Plymouth  oo.,  Mass.,  on  the  Hanover  Branch  Railroad,  21 
jniles  S.S.E.  of  Boston.     It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school, 
.nd  manufactures  of  anchors  and  boots  and  shoes. 
West   Hanover,  a  post-office  of   Dauphin  co.,  Pa., 
bout  13  miles  N.E.  of  Harrisburg. 
West  Har'peth,a  post-office  of  Williamson  co.,  Tenn. 
West  Harps'weil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co., 
Itf  e.,  on  an  island  or  peninsula  in  Casco  Bay,  about  15  miles 
'.E.  of  Portland. 

West  Har'rington,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co., 
jSIe.,  on  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  5  miles  from  Millbridge. 
t  West  Hart'ford,  a  post-vill.ige  in  West  Hartford 
Lownship,  Hartford  co..  Conn.,  4  or  5  miles  W.  of  Hartford. 
b  has  a  high  school.  The  township  has  3  churches.  Pop. 
|)f  the  township  in  1890,  1930. 

1   West  Hartford,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ralls  co..  Mo.,  in 
jasper  township,  12  miles  from  Vandalia. 

West  Hartford,  a  post-village  of  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  on 
iVhite  River,  and  on  the  Central  division  of  the  Vermont 
Central  Railroad,  8  miles  N.W.  of  White  River  Junction. 
West  HartMand,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hartford  co..  Conn., 
ibout  25  miles  N.W.  of  Hartford. 
West  Hartlepool,  England.    See  Hartlepool. 
West  Har'wich,  a  post-village  in  Harwich  township, 
Barnst.able  co.,  Mass.,  nearly  1  mile  from  the  ocean,   ij 
niles  S.  of  the  Cape  Cod  Railroad,  and  84  miles  S.E.  of 
Boston.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Ha'ven,  a  post-borough  in  Orange  township, 
INew  Haven  co..  Conn.,  on  the  New  York,  New  Haven  & 
iHartford  Railroad,  2i  miles  S.W.  of  New  Haven,  and  1 
jmile  from  Long  Island  Sound.  It  has  3  churches,  the  Oak 
pill  Seminary,  a  newspaper  office,  and  manufactures  of 
H^uckles,  keys,  and  matches.  Pop.  in  about  2500. 
I  West  Haven,  a  post-village  in  New  Haven  township, 
Shiawassee  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Shiawassee  River,  about  33 
jniles  N.E.  of  Lansing.     It  has  2  churches,  and  manufac- 

rures  of  furniture. 
West  Haven,  a  post-township  of  Rutland  co.,  Vt.,  is 
J)ounded  on  the  W.  by  Lake  Champlain.  Pop.  713.  The 
iWest  Haven  post-office  is  about  20  miles  W.  of  Rutland. 
1  West  Haw'Iey,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hawley  township, 
Franklin  co.,  Mass.,  about  20  miles  W.  of  Greenfield.  It 
has  a  church  and  2  saw-mills. 

West  Hay'den,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  0. 

West  He'bron,  a  post-village  in  Hebron  township, 
Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  6  miles  N.  of  Salem.  It  has  a  union 
free  school,  3  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  a  pump-factory, 
a  flour-mill,  <fco.     Pop.  about  400. 

West'heimer,  a  station  in  Harris  oo.,  Tex.,  on  the 
JTexas  Western  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Houston. 


West  Hem'lock,  township,  Montour  co..  Pa.  P.  390. 

West  Uemp'tield,  a  township  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa. 
Pop.  3688.     It  contains  Mountvillc  and  Silver  Spring. 

West  Hcn'uepin,  a  village  of  Bureau  co.,  ill.,  on 
the  Illinois  River,  opposite  Hennepin. 

West  Hen'niker,  a  post-hamlet  of  Merrimack  co., 
N.H.,  on  Contoocook  River  and  the  Concord  A  Claremont 
Railroad,  21  miles  W.  of  Concord.     It  has  a  paper-mill. 

West  HenViet'ta,  a  post-village  in  Henrietta  town- 
ship, Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of 
Rochester.  It  has  2  churches,  a  furnace,  and  a  manufac- 
tory of  carriages. 

West  Hick'ory,  a  post-office  of  Forest  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Alleghany  River  and  the  Oil  Creek  it,  Alleghany  River 
Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Tionesta. 

West  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Platte  co.,  Neb. 

West  Hingham,  hing'am,  a  station  in  Plymouth  co., 
Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Boston. 

West  Hobo'ken,  a  post-village  in  West  Iloboken 
township,  Hudson  co.,  N.J.,  near  the  Hudson  River,  about 
2  miles  W.  of  New  York.  It  has  2  newspnpcr  offices,  5 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  silks,  rustic  work,  and  feath- 
ers. Pop.  of  the  township,  5441.  It  is  contiguous  to  th« 
N.W.  part  of  Hoboken,  and  is  IJ  miles  from  Hobokcn  Rail- 
road Station.  It  commands  a  fine  view  of  the  river  and 
several  cities. 

Westhofen,  ^est'ho'f^n,  a  market-town  of  Gennany> 
in  Hesse,  province  of  Rhein-Hessen,  on  the  Seebach,  20 
miles  S.  of  Mcntz.     Pop.  1657. 

Westhofen,  a  market-town  of  Germany,  in  Prussian 
Westphalia,  7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Dortmund,  on  the  Ruhr. 
Pop.  1437. 

Westhofen  (Fr.  pron.  vSst'o'fiN"'),  a  village  of  Ger- 
many, in  Alsace,  14  miles  W.  of  Strasburg.  Pop.  1877, 
engaged  in  woollen-weaving. 

West  Hoo'sic,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hoosic  township, 
Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  about  18  miles  N.E.  of  Troy.  It  ha« 
a  church. 

West'hope,  a  post-office  of  Jewell  co.,  Kansas. 

West  Hope,  a  post-office  of  Henry  co.,  0. 

West  Hop'kinton,  a  post-office  of  Merrimack  co., 
N.H.,  on  the  Concord  <t  Claremont  Railroad,  15  miles  AV. 
of  Concord. 

West  Hunt'l  ey,  a  post-village  in  Carleton  co.,  Ontario, 
8  miles  from  Almonte.     Pop.  100. 

West  Hur'ley,  a  post-village  in  Hurley  township, 
Ulster  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Ulster  &  Delaware  Railroad,  9  miles 
N.W.  of  Rondout,  and  5  miles  from  Kingston.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  a  quarry 
of  bluestone. 

West  In^depen'dence,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co., 
0.,  about  16  miles  W.S.W.  of  Tiffin.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  steam  saw-mill. 

West  In'dian  Plantation,  a  township  of  Penobscot 
CO.,  Me.     Pop.  13. 

West  Indies,  w6st  in'd^z,  Antilles,  InHeel',  or  Co- 
lum'bian  Archipel'agO  {L.  AnUl' lie,  In'dise  Occidenta'- 
les ;  Fr.  lies  Antilles,  eel  zftso'teei';  Sp.  Antillas,  in-teel'- 
y4s  ;  Ger.  Antillen,  in-til'l^n.  West  Indieti,  ^ist  in'de-§n  ; 
Dutch,  West  Indien,  wfist  in'de-?n),  an  extensive  system  of 
islands  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  stretching  from  the  N.W.  of 
Cape  Florida,  in  North  America,  to  the  Gulf  of  Paria,  on 
the  N.  coast  of  South  America,  and  comprised  between  lat 
10°  and  27°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  59°  and  85°  W.;  having  N 
and  E.  the  Atlantic,  and  S.  the  Caribbean  Sea,  which  sepa- 
rates them  from  Central  and  South  America.  They  are 
mostly  disposed  in  three  distinct  groups,  of  which  the  N.W. 
group,  Leeward  Islands  or  Greater  Antilles,  contains  the 
larger  islands,  comprising  Cuba,  Jamaica,  Hayti,  and  Porto 
Rico.  Another  group,  the  Lesser  Antilles,  or  Windward 
Islands,  extends  in  a  semicircular  form  from  the  E.  ex- 
tremity of  the  island  of  Porto  Rico  S.  to  the  Gulf  of  Paria; 
and  the  smaller  group,  stretching  from  E.  to  W.  along  the 
coast  of  Venezuela,  are  the  Leeward  Islands  of  the  Span- 
iards. North  of  Cuba  and  Hayti  is  the  group  of  the  Ba- 
hamas. Many  of  the  islands  are  of  volcanic  origin,  and 
the  climate  of  the  whole  is  tropical,  but  modified  by  the 
surrounding  ocean  and  the  elevated  surface  of  many  of  the 
islands.  The  exports  are  sugar,  cotton,  spirits,  cacao, 
coffee,  logwood,  pimento,  guano,  ginger,  sponge,  arrowroot, 
Ac.  The  principal  imports  are  cottons,  apparel,  arms, 
leather,  woollens,  iron,  linen,  drugs,  soap  and  candles, 
casks,  hardwares,  rice,  beer  and  ale,  wine,  Ac.  Columbus 
landed  on  Watling  Island,  Bahama  group,  in  October,  1492; 
and  the  archipelago,  under  the  erroneous  impression,  at  the 
time  of  the  discovery,  that  it  formed  part  of  Asia,  wat 
called  the  West  ladies. 


WES 


2802 


WES 


Th«  following  table  shows  by  whom  the  islands  wore  first 
occupied,  the  date  of  oooupation,  and  the  oountries  to  which 
they  now  belong : 


Belong  to 


toraat  Britain. 


Spain M..* 


Trance. 


Denmark .. . 


Kotherlan  .'s . 


Vonoziiela 

Independent.. 


Islands. 


'  Jattinlca.....*MM.«..«M 

Caynmns — 

Baliatuas 

Virgin  IsUuds 

Trinidad 

Tolmgo... 

Oreniyla 

Grenadines 

St  Vincent 

Barbailoes 

St  Lucia. 

Dumiulca. „ 

Antigua 

MuiiUermt- ■ 

Durbudii 

Nevis  and  Itedouda 

St  CliristopJier. 

.  Anti^iiilla 

JCulHiaud  lule  of  Pines... 
'Portu  Rico 

'Martinique 

Gunduloupo 

Desirado _ 

Marie  Galanto 

St  Uartliolomew 

Les  Suintus 

St  Tltonitts 

-  St  John 

|,Snnta  Cnia „ 

St.  Martin 

St.  Eustatius 

Saba , 

Curasao 

Aruba 

IJuen  Ayre , 

Margarita,  Tortuga,  Iler 
uiauos 

Hayli ~. 


Ftntt  occupied 
by 


Spaniards  la 

EngiiHli  in 

Dutcli  in 

SiNiniards  in. 

Putcli  in 

Freucli  In..... 

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Total  area  of  the  archipelago,  94,39.3  square  miles.  Pop. 
6,812.800.  The  Bermudas  are  not  properly  West  India 
islands,  although  they  were  officially  considered  as  such 
till  1834.  The  history  of  the  West  India  islands,  "from 
the  period  of  their  discovery  in  1492  till  1816,  presents  little 
more  than  a  melancholy  series  of  calamities  and  crimes. 
The  i.slands  have  been  laid  waste  by  hurricanes,  and  visited 
by  pestilence ;  but  the  sufferings  which  have  arisen  from 
natural  causes  are  few  and  trifling  in  comparison  with 
tho.'ie  which  moral  and  political  circumstances  have  pro- 
duced." Among  these  may  be  classed  the  annihilation  of 
the  Indians,  the  introduction  of  slavery,  the  atrocities  of 
the  Buccaneers,  and  international  wars.  (Particular  de- 
scriptions are  given  under  the  heads  of  the  various  islands). 
Slavery  was  abolished  in  the  Dutch  AVest  Indies,  July  1, 
186:1. Adj.  and  inhab.  West  In'dian. 

West  Irving,  Iowa.     See  Irving. 

West  Isles,  a  group  of  islands  belonging  to  New 
Brunswick,  Charlotte  co.,  in  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  near  East- 
port,  Me.  They  are  noted  for  their  fisheries,  which  in  I'SoO 
employed  691  men. 

West  Italy,  it'a-le,  a  post-office  of  Yates  co.,  N.Y. 

West  Jefferson,  Madison  co.,  0.    See  Jeffeuso.v. 

West  Jefferson,  a  hamlet  of  Williams  co.,  0.,  in 
Jefferson  township,  6J  miles  N.  of  Bryan.  It  has  a  store 
and  a  saw-mill.     Here  is  Durbin's  Corners  Post-Offlce. 

West  Jersey,  j?r'ze,  a  post-hamlet  in  West  Jersey 
township.  Stark  co..  111.,  about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Peoria. 
It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  100  ;  of  township,  1315. 

West  Jor'dan,  a  post-village  of  Salt  Lake  co.,  Utah, 
about  11  miles  S.  of  Salt  Lake  City.  It  has  a  flour-mill 
and  several  general  stores  and  other  business  concerns. 
Pop.  about  1000. 

West  Junc'tion,  a  station  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  at 
the  junction  of  the  Northern  Central,  in  the  village  of 
Ilorseheads,  N.Y. 

West  Junius,  jQn'yus,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ontario  co., 
N.Y.,  about  7  miles  N.W.  of  Waterloo.  It  has  general 
stores  and  a  pop.  of  about  30. 

West  Kane,  a  post-hamlet  of  MoKean  co..  Pa.,  about 
2  miles  N.W.  of  Kane. 

West  Kapelle,wfistki-p8rieh,  or  West  Kapellen, 
wfist  k4-pfil'i?.n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  province  of 
Zealand,  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Middelburg,  on  the  most  W. 
point  of  the  island  of  Walcheren.     Pop.  2077. 

West  Kapellen,  *ftst  kA-pSl'len,  a  town  of  Belgium, 
In  West  Flanders,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  1300. 


We8tKcn'dall,a  post-village  in  Kendall  town.hir 
Orleans  co..  N.Y.,  2i  inilos  from   Kendall  Station,  about 


Westkerke,«««t'k«R-k?h,  a  village  of  Holgium  pre 
inco  of  West  FI»nd*rf,on  the  Canal  of  Bouritoirno  10  ■..[ 
W.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  1085.  ^    '         ' 


mile  from  Lake  Ontario,  and  30  miles  N.W.  of  Ko^hwtoi 
Itjms  2  churches  and  aU)ut  25  houses. 

'  "  '  '        pror 
mil* 

West  li^ill,  a  post-hanilct  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y., about  H 
miles  S.W.  of  Albany.  It  has  several  mills,  a  ohuroh  tnc 
nearly  30  houses.  ' 

West  Killingly,  Connecticut.     See  DxitiKuoiiyn lk 

West  Kings'ton, a  post-office  of  M'ashington  oo  I'l 

West  Kurt'right,  a  post-offioo  of  Delaware  co.,  N  Y 

West  Lafayette,  larA-yett,  a  post-villogo  in  I^f^ 
yette  township,  Coshocton  oo.,  0.,  near  the  Tuscarawas  River 
and  on  the  Pittsburg  .t  Columbus  Railroad,  fij  miles  K.  o( 
Coshocton.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  400. 

West  Lake,  a  post-office  of  Kandiyohi  co.,  Minn. 

West  Lake,  a  post-village  in  Prince  Edward  co.,  On- 
tario, on  an  arm  of  Lake  Ontario,  9i  miles  S.W.  of  PictoB 
Pop.  150. 

West  Lam'pcter,  a  township  of  Lancaster  oo  !'«. 
Pon.  1760.  ■' 

West  Lanc'aster,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  0. 
about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Columbus. 

West'land,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co.,  Ind..  about  27 
miles  E.  of  Indianapolis. 

West'land,  a  township  of  Onornsey  co.,  0.    Pop.  889. 

West  Las  Animas,  lis  4n'e -mis.  a  thriving  post- 
village,  capital  of  Bent  co..  Col.,  is  on  the  Arkansas  River, 
and  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  <t  Snnfa  ¥6  Railroad,  82 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Pueblo,  and  55  miles  W.  of  Granada.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  newspa]>cr  office.  Csttle, 
beef,  horses,  and  sheep  are  the  chief  articles  of  exrwrt. 
Pot),  about  500. 

West  Laurens,  law'r^nz,  a  post-hamlet  in  Laureni 
township,  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  about  20  miles  E.  of  Norwich. 
It  has  a  church. 

West  Leb'anon,  a  post-village  in  Pike  townshiw, 
Warren  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  17  miles  N.B, 
of  Danville,  111.  It  has  3  oburohes  and  a  money-order 
post-office. 

West  Lebanon,  a  post-hamlet  in  Lebanon  township, 
York  CO.,  Me.,  2i  miles  from  Hayes  Station,  and  about  15 
miles  N.  of  Dover,  N.ll.  It  contains  the  Lebanon  Academy 
and  a  church. 

West  Lebanon,  a  post-village  in  Lebanon  township, 
Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  near  the 
mouth  of  the  Mascoma,  and  on  the  Northern  Railroad,  69 
miles  N.W,  of  Concord,  and  4  miles  W.  of  Lebanon.  A 
bridge  across  the  Connecticut  connects  this  jilace  with 
White  River  Junction,  Vt.,  and  with  the  Vermijnt  Central 
Railroad.  It  contains  the  Tilden  Seminary  for  Indies, 
which  occupies  several  fine  buildings,  a  church,  and  a  car- 
ringe-shop.  The  engine-shops  of  the  Northern  Railroad 
are  located  here. 

West  Lebanon,  a  post-hamlet  of  Columbia  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Harlem  Extension  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Lebanon 
Springs.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Lebanon,  a  post-village  in  Paint  township, 
AVayne  co.,  0.,  about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Massillon,  It  ha* 
4  churches.     Pop.  164. 

West  Lebanon,  a  post-hamlet  in  Young  township, 
Indiana  co..  Pa.,  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  SalUburg.  It  has  3 
churches  and  a  woollen-factory. 

West  Leeds,  a  post-hamlet  of  Androscoggin  co..  Me., 
in  Leeds  township,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Androscoggin 
River,  14  or  15  miles  N.  of  Lewiston. 

West  Lees'port,  a  post-village  of  Berks  co.,  Pa.,  1  mill 
from  Leesport. 

West  Leipsic,  lip'sTk,  a  post-office  of  Putnam  co.,  0. 

West  Len'ox,  a  post-office  of  Susquehanna  co.,  Va., 
about  20  miles  N.  of  Scranton. 

West  Le'roy',  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  co.,  Mich. 

West  Le'vant',  a  post-office  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  13 
miles  N.W.  of  Bangor. 

West  Leyden,  li'd§n,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  town, 
ship,  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.,  about  18  miles  N.  of  Rome,  It  ha* 
3  churches,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  cheese-factory. 

West  Lib'erty,  a  post-village  of  Jasper  co.,  III.,  on 
the  Grayville  A  Mattoon  Railroad,  Hi  miles  S.  of  Newton. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

West  Liberty,  a  post-hamlet  of  Howard  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  Wild  Cat  River,  about  14  miles  E.S.E.  of  Kokomo.  It 
has  a  flouring-mill  and  about  40  houses. 

West  Liberty,  a  post-village  in  Wapsinonoc  town- 
ship, Muscatine  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  t 


WES 


2805 


WES'' 


,cifio  Railroad  whore  it  crosses  the  Burlington,  Cedar 
ipiJs  <fc  Northern  Railroad,  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Iowa  City, 
d  3S  miles  W.  of  Davenport.  It  has  a  bank,  a  news- 
per  office,  a  graded  school,  5  churches,  and  manufactures 
I  carriages  and  windmills.  1890,  1268. 
IWest  Liberty,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Morgan  oo,, 
^.,  on  the  Licking  River,  about  80  miles  E.  of  Lexington, 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  about  300. 

West  Liberty,  a  post-hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  Mo.,  8 
les  W.  of  Unionville.     It  has  a  church. 
IVest  Liberty,  a  hamlet  of  Crawford  co.,  0.,  10  miles 

of  Galion. 

West  Liberty,  a  post-village  in  Liberty  township, 
gan  CO.,  0.,  on  Mad  River  and  the  Cincinnati,  Sandusky 
Cleveland  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Bellefontaine,  and  10 
les  N.  of  Urbana.  It  has  abundant  water-power,  and 
itains  5  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded 
i  lool,  a  machine-shop,  several  flouriug-mills,  and  manu- 
stures  of  baby-carriages  and  wheels.  Pop.  741. 
West  Liberty,  a  borough  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  1 
:le  from  Bell's  Station,  and  3  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg.  It 
8  a  church  and  a  coal-mine.  Here  is  Fetterman  Post- 
ice. 

West  Liberty,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.,  about 
miles  E.  of  New  Castle. 

West  Liberty,  a  village  of  Liberty  co.,  Te.x.,  on  Trin- 
:  ■  River,  opposite  Liberty.  Pop.  2C0. 
West  Liberty,  a  post-village  of  Ohio  co.,  W.  Va.,  12 
les  N.N.E.  of  Wheeling.  It  contains  a  branch  of  the 
est  Virginia  State  Normal  School,  8  churches,  and  5  dry- 
ttds  stores.     Pop.  251. 

West  Li'ma,  a  post-hamlet  in  Bloom  township.  Rich- 
id  CO.,  Wis.,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Richland  Centre.  It 
s  a  church  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

West  Lincoln,  link'^n,  a  township  of  Logan  co..  111. 
in.  3053.     It  is  adjacent  to  Lincoln,  the  county  town. 
West  Lincoln,  a  post-hamlet  in  Lincoln  township, 
Idison  CO.,  Vt.,  8  miles  E.  of  New  Haven  Station. 
West  Line,  a  post-office  of  Redwood  co.,  Minn. 
West  Line,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
age  division  of  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  Railroad, 
miles  W.  of  Ilarrisonville.  It  has  a  church  and  3  stores. 
West  Linton,  Scotland.    See  Lixton. 
West  Lit'tleton,  a  post-office  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H. 
West  Loch  Tar'bert  or  Tar'bet,  an  inlet  on  the 
,  side  of  the  great  southern  peninsula  of  Argyleshire, 
otland,  approaching  within  1  mile  of  East  Loch  Tarbet, 
d,  together  with  the  narrow  isthmus  between  them,  sepa- 
ting  Kintyre  from  Knapdale. 

West  Lo'di,  or  Lo'ui,  a  post-hamlet  of  Seneca  oo.,  0., 
out  14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Tiffin. 

West  Lo'gan,  a  village  of  Jefferson  township,  Cass 
,,  Ind.,  1  mile  from  Logansport.     Pop.  978. 
West  Lome,  or  Bismarck,  a  post-village  in  Elgin 
.,  Ontario,  on  a  railway,  26  miles  AV.S.W.  of  St.  Thomas, 
contains  a  flour-mill,  3  saw-mills,  a  tannery,  a  sash-  and 
lor-factory,  3  hotels,  and  3  stores.     Pop.  250. 
West  Lothian,  Scotland.    See  Linlithgow. 
West  Louisville,  loo'e-vll,  a  post-village  of  Daviess 
L,  Ky.,  13  miles  S.AV.  of  Owensborough.     It  has  a  semi- 
,ry  and  a  tobacco-factory.     Pop.  about  200. 
West  Lu'bec,  a  post-office  in  Lubec  township,  Wash- 
gton  CO.,  Me.,  near  the  sea,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Eastport. 
West  Lynn,  a  station  of  the  Eastern  Railroad,  lOJ 
lies  N.N.E.  of  Boston,  Mass. 

West  Lynn,  a  station  of  the  Boston,  Revere  Beach  & 
rnn  Railroad,  J  of  a  mile  W.  of  Lynn,  Mass. 
West  Lynne,  lin  (formerly  Pembina),  an  outport  of 
stoms  in  the  province  of  Manitoba,  on  the  W.  bank  of 
e  Red  River,  adjacent  to  the  boundary-line  which  divides 
ie  states  of  North  Dakota  and  Minnesota  from  Mani- 
ba,  63  miles  from  Fort  Garry.  It  contains  a  custom- 
mse,  emigration-office,  and  post-office,  and  is  a  terminus 

the  Canada  Pacific  Railway  Branch  Line. 
West  Ly'ons,  a  hamlet  in  Lyons  township.  Cook  co., 
I.,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  <fc  Quincy  Railroad,  15  miles 
'.  by  S.  of  Chicago.  It  has  1  or  2  churches. 
West  niacedon,  mas'se-dgn,  a  post-village  in  Mace- 
in  township,  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  near  the  New  York  Ccn- 
»1  Railroad,  about  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Rochester.  It  has 
money-order  post-office  and  a  newspaper  agency  called 
e  "  Rural  Empire  Club." 

West  Magno'lia,  a  post-office  of  Rook  co.,  Wis.,  about 
*  miles  S.  of  Madison. 

West  Maho'ning,town8hip,  Indiana  CO.,  Pa.  P.  1131. 
Westmale,  ^5st'mi-l?h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  prov- 
»«  and  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  1274. 


West  Mailing,  England.    See  Mallino. 

West  Dlanayunk,  man-%-yank',  a  station  of  tb«i 
Reading  Railroad,  on  the  Schuylkill  River,  opposite  Mona^^ 
yunk,  Pa. 

West  Man'chester,  a  station  in  Esse.x  co.,  Mass.,  on 
the  Eastern  Railroad  (Gloucester  Branch),  7i  miles  N.E.  of 
Salem.     It  is  at  Newport,  a  village  on  the  sea-coast. 

West  Manchester,  a  post-hamlet  of  Preble  co.,  0., 
on  the  Xcnia  k  Richmond  Branch  Railroad,  at  Manchester 
Station,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Richmond,  Ind.    It  has  a  church. 

West  Manchester,  a  post-office  of  York  co.,  Pa. 

West  Manheim,  man'hime,  a  township  of  York  co., 
Pa.     Pop.  1147. 

Westnianland,  wflst'mln-lind,  a  Iten  or  province  of 
Sweden,  bounded  E.  by  Upsal  and  S.  by  Lake  Mselar. 
Area,  2623  square  miles.  It  is  mountainous,  and  has  ex- 
tensive mines  of  iron  and  copper.  Silver  is  also  mined. 
Capital,  Westcrds.     Pop.  126,753. 

Wcstman'na,  a  group  of  islands  off  the  S.  const  of 
Iceland,  a  few  of  which  are  inhabited.  Lat.  of  S.  point, 
63°  20'  N. ;  Ion.  20°  23'  W. 

West  Mans'lield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bristol  co.,  Mass., 
on  the  Boston  &  Providence  Railroad,  26  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Boston.     It  has  2  churches  and  several  mills. 

West  Mansfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Logan  co.,  0.,  about 
42  miles  N.W.  of  Columbus.     It  has  2  churches. 

West'mark,  a  post-office  of  Phelps  co..  Neb. 

West  Marl'borough,  a  township  of  Chester  co.,  I'a. 
Pop.  1189. 

West  Marlborough,  a  post-office  of  Windham  co.,  Vt. 

West  Mar'tinsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y., 
3  miles  S.W.  of  Lowville,  and  about  25  miles  S.E.  of  Water- 
town.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  150. 

Westmeath,  west'mecTH,  an  inland  county  of  Ireland, 
Leinster,  surrounded  by  the  cos.  of  Longford,  Meath,  Kings 
CO.,  and  Roscommon.  Area,  700  square  miles.  Pop.  in 
1891,  65,028.  Surface  undulating,  diversified  with  woods, 
lakes,  and  bogs.  On  the  W.  it  is  bounded  by  Lough  Ree 
and  the  Shannon.  Grazing  and  dairy-farming  arc  the  chief 
occupations.  Principal  crops,  onts  and  potatoes,  with  some 
wheat ;  flour  and  meal  are  made  in  large  quantities.  The 
Royal  Canal  intersects  the  county,  and  a  branch  of  the  Grand 
Canal  proceeds  to  Kilbeggan.  Chief  towns,  MuUingar  (the 
capital),  Moato,  and  a  part  of  Athlone.  Excluding  the 
borough  of  Meath,  it  sends  two  members  to  Parliament. 

West'meath,  or  Bel'lowston,  a  post- village  in  Ren- 
frew CO.,  Ontario,  20  miles  N.  of  Renfrew.  It  has  2  saw- 
mills, a  grist-mill,  a  tannery,  and  several  stores.    Pop.  170. 

West  Mec'ca,  a  post-hamlet  of  Trumbull  co.,  0.,  in 
Mecca  township,  about  10  miles  N.  of  Warren.  It  has  a 
church  and  an  oil-well. 

West  Med'ford,  a  post-village  in  Medford  township, 
Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Mystic  River  and  the  Boston, 
Lowell  A  Nashua  Railroad,  SJ  miles  N.W.  of  Boston.  It 
contains  2  churches,  and  near  here  is  Tufts  College  (Uni- 
versalist).     Granite  is  quarried  near  this  place. 

West  Med'way,  a  post-village  in  Modway  township, 
Norfolk  CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Charles  River  and  the  Woon- 
socket  division  of  the  Boston,  Hartford  4  Erie  Railroad,  26 
miles  S.W.  of  Boston.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  and  manufactures  of  boots  and  shoes,  tacks,  4o. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  2985. 

West  Mem'phis,  a  township  of  Crittenden  co.,  Ark. 
Pop.  375. 

West  Menash'a,  a  station  of  the  Wisconsin  Central 
Railroad,  H  miles  W.  of  Menasha,  Wis. 

West  Men'lor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lake  co.,  0.,  in  Men- 
tor township,  near  the  New  York,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis 
Railroad,  about  6  miles  S.W.  of  Painesville. 

West  Mer'edith,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y. 
7  or  8  miles  N.W.  of  Delhi,  the  capital  of  the  county. 
Pop.  about  30. 

West  Mid'dleburg,  a  post-village  in  Zane  township, 
Logan  CO.,  0.,  about  30  miles  W.  of  Delaware.  It  contains 
2  churches,  a  saw-  and  lumber-mill,  and  general  stores. 
Pop.  in  1890,  345. 

West  Middlesex,  Pennsylvania.    See  Middlesex. 

West  Mid'dleton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Howard  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Frankfort  <t  Kokomo  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of 
Kokomo. 

West  Middleton,  a  post-ofiSoe  of  Dane  co.,  Wis.,  10 
or  11  miles  W.  of  Madison. 

West  Mid'dletown,  a  post-borongb  in  Hopewell 
township,  Washington  co.,  Pa.,  about  33  miles  S.W.  of 
Pittsburg.  It  has  4  churches,  manufactures  of  threshing- 
machines,  wagons,  (tc,  and  several  saw-mills  and  general 
■tores.     Pop.  in  1690,  235. 


WES 


2804 


WES 


West  Mi'lan,  a  post-hamlet  in  Milan  township,  Mon- 
ro* CO.,  Mich.,  about  44  uiilM  W.S.W.  of  Detroit  It  has  a 
church  and  a  stiive-factorjr. 

West  Milan,  a  pust-villago  in  Milan  township,  Coos 
CO.,  N.ll.,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  108  miles  N.W. 
of  Portland,  Me.  It  has  a  hotel,  4  stores,  and  3  extensive 
lumbor-niills. 

West  AlilTord,  a  post-hamlct  in  West  Milford  town- 
ship, Pu«8aio  CO.,  N.J.,  3  miles  from  Hewitt  Station,  and 
about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Patorson.  It  has  2  churches.  The 
township  comprises  the  southern  half  of  the  beautiful  Green- 
wood Lake,  which  extends  into  Oranjjo  oo.,  N.Y.,  and  is  a 
summer  resort.  The  scenery  of  West  Milford  is  very  pio- 
turosque.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2A6fl. 

West  Milnird,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harrison  oo.,  AV.  Va., 
on  the  Monongahela,  about  70  miles  E.  of  Parkersburg. 

West  Mill'bury,  a  post-hamlet  in  Millbury  township, 
Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  7  miles  S.  of  Worcester,  and  li  miles 
E.  of  the  Norwich  &  Worcester  Railroad.  It  has  a  cotton- 
factory  and  a  saw-mill. 

West  Mill  Creek,  a  post-ofBco  of  Eric  co..  Pa. 

West  Alili  Grove,  a  post-village  in  Perry  township, 
Wood  CO.,  0.,  4  miles  S.W.  of  Rising  Sun  Station,  and 
about  30  miles  S.  of  Toledo.  It  has  3  churches,  a  woollen- 
factory,  and  a  grist-mill. 

West  Mil'tou,  a  post-hamlet  of  Strafford  co.,  N.IL,  3 
miles  from  Milton  Station,  and  about  20  miles  N.  by  W.  of 
Dover.     It  has  2  churches. 

West  Milton,  a  post-village  in  Milton  township,  Sara- 
toga CO.,  N.Y.,  about  10  miles  S.AV.  of  Saratoga  Springs. 
It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  a  flour-mill,  a  paper-mill,  and 
about  40  houses. 

West  Milton,  Miami  co.,  0.    See  Milton. 

West  Milton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Catawissa  &  Williamsport  Railroad,  and  on  the  West 
Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  opposite  Milton.  A 
bridge  crosses  the  river  here. 

Hest  Milton, a  post-hamlet  in  Milton  township,  Chit- 
tenden CO.,  Vt.,  on  the  Lamoille  River,  4  miles  from  Lake 
Champlain,  and  about  12  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Burlington.  It 
has  1  or  2  churches  and  a  cheese-factory. 

West  Mi'not,  a  post-village  in  Minot  township,  An- 
droscoggin CO.,  Me.,  on  the  Portland  &  Oxford  Central 
Railroad,  41  miles  N.  of  Portland.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
flour-mill. 

West'minster,  a  city  of  England,  co.  of  Middlesex, 
forming  the  W.  part  of  the  British  metropolis,  having  on 
the  S.  and  W.  Chelsea  and  Kensington,  N.  Marylebone,  E. 
the  Thames.  Pop.  in  1881,  229,238.  It  contains  West- 
minster Abbey  and  Hall,  the  magnificent  Houses  of  Par- 
liament, Privy  Council  OfiBce,  Treasury,  and  Board  of 
Trade,  in  Whitehall;  St.  James's,  Buckingham,  and  Ken- 
sington Palaces;  Somerset  House,  with  King's  College; 
Westminster,  St.  George's,  and  Charing-Cross  Hospitals. 
Bee  LoNDOiV. 

West'minster,  a  post-hamlet  of  Los  Angeles  co.,  Cal., 
12  miles  S.W.  of  Anaheim,  and  3  miles  from  the  ocean. 

Westminster,  a  post-hamlet  in  Canterbury  township, 
Windham  CO.,  Conn.,  about  14  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Norwich. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  paper,  carpet-warp, 
wagons,  and  cider  brandy. 

Westminster,  a  post-township  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas,  14 
miles  AV.S.W.  of  Hutchinson.     Pop.  322. 

Westminster,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Carroll  co.,  Md., 
is  situated  near  the  E.  base  of  a  range  of  hills  which  afford 
a  beautiful  and  extensive  view.  It  is  on  the  Western 
Maryland  Railroad,  36  miles  N.W.  of  Baltimore  by  that 
route,  but  only  28  by  the  turnpike.  It  contains  8  or  9 
churches,  3  national  banks,  a  savings-bank,  2  newspaper 
offices,  and  the  Western  Maryland  College  (Methodist  Prot- 
estant), which  was  organized  in  1867  and  has  11  instructors 
and  about  50  students.  Westminster  has  manufactures  of 
Stationary  and  portable  engines,  agricultural  implements, 
cigars,  .fee.     Pop.  in  1890,  2903. 

Westminster,  a  post- village  in  Westminster  township, 
Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Fitchburg,  and  3 
miles  S.  of  the  Vermont  &,  Massiichusetts  Railroad.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  hotel,  a  high  school,  and  a  national  bank. 
The  township  has  manufactures  of  chairs,  combs,  and 
paper.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1712. 

Westminster,  a  post-hamlet  of  Guilford  co.,  N.C., 
about  3  miles  N.  of  Jamestown  Station,  and  80  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  a  Friends'  meeting  and  a 
quarry  of  soapstone. 

Westminster,  a  post-village  of  Auglaize  township, 
Allen  CO.,  0.,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Lima.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
floor-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  graded  school. 


Westminster,  a  post-village  of  Oconee  oo.  S.C  < 
the  Atlanta  &  Richmond  Air-Line,  111  miles 'n.k'. 
Atlanta,  (Ja.     It  has  a  college  and  2  churchen. 

Westminster,  a  post-village  in  WcKtminster  towi 
ship,  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  4  mil 
below  Bellows  Falls,  and  on  the  Central  Vermont  Railro* 
The  main  street  is  perfectly  level,  and  cropscs  a  tublc-Un 
about  1  mile  in  extent.  It  has  a  church  and  manufncturt 
of  leather  and  clothes-pins.     Pop.  of  townHliip,  1238 

Westminster,  a  village  in  Mi.ldlescx  co.,'Onittrio,  o 
the  Thames,  1  mile  from  the  London  post-office.    Pop  60( 

Westminster  Depot,  a  pos't-hamlet  of  Worcesur  co 
Ma«8.,  on  the  Vermont  &  Massachusetts  Railroad,  b  ulU 
W.S.W.  of  Fitchburg.     It  has  a  chuir-factory. 

Westminster  West,  a  post-hnmlet  in  Westminrte 
townshij),  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  about  16  miles  N.  of  Uraltl* 
borough. 

West  Mitch'ell,  a  post-village  in  Mitchell  towruliir 
Mitchell  CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Red  Cedar  River,  and  on  ih 
Cedar  Falls  &  Minnesota  Branch  Railroad,  about  22  mile 
N.E.  of  Mason  City,  and  4  miles  N.W.  of  Osage.  It  ha 
extensive  water-power,  and  contains  a  bank,  a  high  school 
3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  a  woollen-niill,  and  a  lime-kiln. 

West  Monroe,  mun-ro',  a  post-hamlet  in  West  Mon 
roe  township,  Oswego  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  i,  Oswcgt 
Midland  Railroad,  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Oswego.  It  hnn  i 
cheese-factory,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  The  township 
which  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  Oneida  Lake,  contains  i 
churches  and  a  pop.  of  1321. 

West  Monterey,  mon-te-ra',  a  post-village  in  Perry 
township,  Clarion  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Alleghany  River  and  th« 
Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  78  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pittsburg, 
It  has  a  church.     Coal  is  mined  here. 

West  Mon'trose',  a  post-villnge  in  Waterloo  co.,  On. 
tario,  on  Grand  River,  12  miles  N.  of  Berlin.  It  has  a 
woollen-factory,  a  saw-mill,  and  smelting-works.  Iron  or* 
is  found  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  lUO. 

West'more,  a  post-township  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Or- 
leans CO.,  Vt.     Pop.  412.     It  contains  Willoughby  Lake. 

West'moreland,  a  county  of  England,  in  its  N.  part, 
bordering  on  Yorkshire.  Area,  758  square  miles.  Pop.  in 
1881,  64,191.  It  is  a  country  of  mountains  and  moors, 
interspersed  with  lakes,  and  highly  picturesque.  Uelvellyn, 
on  the  border  of  Cumberland,  rises  to  3055  feet  above  the 
sea.  The  principal  lakes  are  Windermere,  on  its  W.,  and 
Ulleswater,  on  its  N.W.  border  ;  its  rivers  aretbe  Ken  in  the 
S.,  and  the  Eden  in  the  N.  Slate  is  quarried  in  large  quan- 
tities; granite,  marble,  copper,  lead,  and  coal  are  procura- 
ble. The  Lancaster  &  Kendal  Canal  and  the  Kendal  i,  Win- 
dermere Railway  intersect  the  S.  part,  and  the  Lancaster^ 
Carlisle  Railway  traverses  the  county  throughout  from  S.  to 
N.  Principal  towns,  Appleby  (the  capital),  Ambleside,  Ken- 
dal, Shap,  and  Orton.  It  sends  two  members  to  the  House 
of  Commons.  Under  the  Heptarchy  it  formed  a  part  of  the 
kingdom  of  Northumbria. 

Westmore'land,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Penn- 
sylvania, has  an  area  of  about  1000  square  miles.  It  i» 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Conemaugh  and  Kiskiminetas 
Rivers,  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Alleghany  River,  and  on  thft 
S.W.  by  the  Monongahela.  It  is  also  drained  by  the  Loyal- 
hanna  and  Youghiogheny  Rivers  and  Jacob's  Creek.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  a  long  mountain-ridge  called  Laurel 
Hill.  The  surface  is  moderately  hilly,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  elm,  chestnut,  hickory,  oak, 
sugar-maple,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  generally  very  fer- 
tile. Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  butter,  horses,  and  cattle 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  has  an  abundance  of 
bituminous  coal  and  limestone.  The  value  of  the  coal  mined 
in  it  in  1870  was  $1,127,490.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad  and  the  Western  Pennsylvania  division 
of  the  same.  It  is  also  connected  with  market  by  the  Pitt«- 
burg,  Washington  &  Baltimore  Railroad.  Capital,  Qrccns- 
burg.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $44,637,175. 
Pop.  in  1870,  58,719;  in  1880,  78,036. 

Westmoreland,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Virginia, 
has  an  area  of  about  300  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.E.  by  the  estuary  of  the  Potomac  River,  several  miles 
wide,  and  on  the  S.W.  by  the  R.appahannock  River.  It  is  a 
part  of  the  peninsula  called  the  Northern  Neck.  The  surface 
is  uneven  or  hilly,  and  is  partly  covered  with  forests  of 
pine  and  other  trees.  Indian  corn,  whe.at,  grass,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  General  Washington  was  born  in 
this  county.  Capital,  Montross.  Valuation  of  real  and 
personal  estate,  §1,879,492.  Pop.  in  1870,  7682,  of  whom 
7654  were  Americans;  in  1880,  8846. 

Westmoreland,  a  post-village  of  Pottawatomie  oo., 
Kansas,  11  miles  N.  of  Louisville,  and  about  20  miles 


WES 


2805 


WES 


N.E.  of   Manhattan.     It   has   a   stone  school-honse,  3 
iirefi,  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Westmoreland,  a  post-hamlet  in  Westmoreland  town- 
ip,  Cheshire  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  2  miles 
Sm  Westmoreland  Depot,  which  is  12  miles  N.W.  of 
ene.  It  has  a  town  hall  and  1  or  2  churches.  The  town- 
p  is  intersected  by  th«  Cheshire  Kailroad.  Pop.  of  the 
vnship,  1256. 

Westmoreland  (formerly  Hampton),  a  post-village 
Westmoreland  township,  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Home 
Clinton  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Rome,  and  14  miles  W. 
Utica.  It  has  3  churches,  a  brewery,  and  a  manufactory 
malleable  iron.  Pop.  444.  Westmoreland  township 
ntiiins  also  the  villages  of  Hecla  and  Lowell.  Pop.  2757. 
Westmoreland,  a  maritime  county  in  the  E.  part 
New  Brunswick,  bordering  on  the  Bay  of  Fundy  and 
)rthumberland  Strait,  and  connected  with  Nova  Scotia 
narrow  isthmus.  Area,  1285  square  miles.  It  is 
ained  by  the  Petitcodiac  River,  and  the  surface  is  agree- 
ly  diversified  with  hills  and  valleys,  and  is  heavily  tim- 
red.  Shediae  Harbor  ( Pointc  du  Chene),  on  its  coast,  is  one 
the  finest  in  the  province,  and  a  large  amount  of  timber 
shipped  here  for  England.  The  Intercolonial  Railway 
verses  this  county.  Capital,  Dorchester.  Pop.  29,335. 
Westmoreland,  a  county  of  New  South  Wales,  East 
stralia.  Area,  1592  square  miles.  Pop.  2928.  The 
ue  Mountains  here  rise  to  nearly  4000  feet  in  height. 
e  Wollondilly  bounds  the  county  on  the  S.,  and  Cox's 
ver  on  the  E.  Principal  town,  O'Connell. 
Westmoreland,  a  county  of  Tasmania,  comprising 
e  S.  part  of  what  were  formerly  Norfolk  Plains.  The 
ersey  and  West  Rivers,  South  Esk  and  Lake  Rivers, 
lannon  and  Great  Lake,  form  respectively  its  N.,  E.,  and 
boundaries.  Quambay's  Bluff  rises  to  3500  feet.  Lakes 
e  numerous  in  the  S.  and  E.  Principal  towns,  Deloraine, 
ludleigh,  Carrick,  Longford,  and  Westbury. 
Westmoreland  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cheshire 

I.,  N.H.,  on  the  Connecticut  River  and  the  Cheshire  Rail- 

lad,  10  miles  S.  of  Bellows  Falls,  Vt. 
Westmoreland  Point,  a  post-village  in  Westmore- 
nd  CO.,  New  Brunswick,  on  Cumberland  Basin,  4  miles 

om   Sackvillo.     It  contains  3  stores,  a  tannery,  and  a 

loe-factory.     Pop.  100. 
West   Mor'ris,   a  post-hamlet  in   Morris   township, 

itchfield  CO.,  Conn.,  at  Morris  Station  of  the  Shepaug 

Ailrond,  and  16  miles  N.W.  of  Waterbury.     It  has  a  chapel 

nd  a  manufactory  of  lumber  and  turned  wood. 
West  Mount  Ver'non,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kennebec 

).,  Me.,  on  a  small  lake,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Augusta.   It  has 

church,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  &o. 

West  Mount  Vernon,  a  station  of  the  New  York  & 

[arlem  Railroad,  in  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  13i  miles  N. 

f  the  Grand  Central  Depot,  N.Y. 
West  Mount  Vernon,  a  village  of   East   Chester 

}wnship,  Westcjiester  co.,  N.Y.     Pop.  1200. 
West  Mys'tic,  a  station  of  the  Stonington  &  Provi- 

ence  Railroad,  7i  miles  E.  of  New  London,  Conn.   It  is  at 

he  village  of  Mystic  River. 
West  Nanticoke,  a  post-village  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa., 

I  Plymouth  township,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Susquehanna 

Liver,  about  10  miles  below  Wilkesbarre.  It  is  on  one  of  the 

Late  canals  and  the  Lackawanna  &  Bloomsburg  Railroad, 

t  the  lower  end  of  Wyoming  Valley.    Here  is  the  shipping- 

ffice  of  the  Susquehanna  Coal  Company. 
West  Nant'meal,   a  township  of  Chester  co..  Pa. 

»op.  1070. 
West  New'ark,  a  post-office  of  Tioga  co.,  N.Y.,  in 

Newark  township. 
West  New  Brighton,  brl'tpn,  a  post-village  of  Rich- 

nond  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Staten  Island,  in  Castle- 
on  township,  contiguous  to  New  Brighton.     It  contains  6 

ihurches  and  the  New  York  Dyeing  and  Printing  Estab- 

ishinent. 
West  New'bury,  a  post-village  of  Essex  co.,  Mass., 

n  West  Newbury  township,  about  32  miles  N.  of  Boston, 
|ind  6  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Haverhill.  The  township  is  bounded 
tV.W.  by  the  Merrimac  River.     Pop.  of  township,  2021. 
!    West  Newbury,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  in 
J^ewbury  township,  about  28  miles  S.E.  of  Montpelier. 
West  Newdy  Quoddy.    See  Newdy  QcoDDy. 
West  New'field,  a  post-village  in  Newfteld  township, 

fork  CO.,  Me.,  about  40  miles  W.  of  Portland.     It  has  2 

shurches. 
West  New'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  on 

Lhe  Indianapolis  &  Vincennes  Railroad,  11  miles  S.W.  of 

[ndianapoliii.     It  has  2  churches. 
West  Newton,  a  post- village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass., 


on  the  Boston  d:  Albany  Railroad,  9  miles  W.  of  Boston 
It  contains  6  churches,  the  West  Newton  English  and  Clas- 
sical School,  and  a  city  hall.  It  is  the  3d  ward  of  the  citjr 
of  Newton. 

West  Newton,  a  post-hamlet  in  West  Newton  town- 
ship, Nicollet  CO.,  Minn.,  on  the  Minnesota  River,  about  33 
miles  W.  by  N.  of  St.  Peter.  It  has  a  church.  The  town- 
ship is  bounded  on  the  S.W.  by  the  Minnesota  River.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  687. 

West  Newton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Allen  co.,  0.,  about 
15  miles  S.E.  of  Lima.     It  has  2  churches. 

West  Newton,  a  post-borough  in  South  Huntington 
township,  Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Y'oughiogheny 
River  and  the  Pittsburg,  Washington  A  Baltimore  Rail- 
road, 33  miles  S.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  contains  6  churches, 
2  banks,  a  paper-mill,  2  foundries,  a  tannery,  and  a  flour- 
mill.     Coal  is  mined  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  2285. 

West  Nicholson,  nik'ol-spn,  a  post-office  of  Wyoming 
CO.,  Pa. 

West  Nor'folk,  a  post-hamlet  of  Litchfield  co..  Conn., 
on  the  Connecticut  Western  Railroad,  12i  miles  N.W.  of 
Winsted. 

West  North'field,  a  post-hamlet  in  Northfield  town- 
ship. Cook  CO.,  111.,  20  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Chicago.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  cheese-factory. 

West  Northfield,  Mass.  and  Vt.    See  South  Veunox. 

West  North'field,  a  post-village  in  Lunenburg  co., 
Nova  Scotia,  on  the  La  Have  River,  8  miles  from  Lunen- 
burg. It  contains  a  church,  a  store,  a  grist-mill,  and  4 
saw-mills.     Pop.  162. 

West  Norwalk,  nor'wSk,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fairfield 
CO.,  Conn.,  in  Norwalk  township,  about  3  miles  W.  of  Nor- 
walk. It  has  a  chapel,  a  large  saw-mill,  and  a  manufactory 
of  sash  and  blinds. 

West  Nottingham,  a  post-office  of  Rockingham  co., 
N.H. 

West  Nottingham,  a  township  of  Chester  co..  Pa. 
Pop.  879. 

West  No'vi,  a  hamlet  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  about  30 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Detroit,  and  3J  miles  W.  of  Novi  Station. 

West  Oak'land,  a  post-office  of  Alameda  co.,  Cal.,  on 
the  Bay  of  San  Francisco,  and  on  the  Northern  Railroad 
It  is  in  a  suburb  of  the  city  of  Oakland,  and  is  a  branch  of 
Oakland  Post-Office. 

West  Oakland,  a  station  in  Coles  co.,  111.,  on  the 
Illinois  Midland  Railroad,  16  miles  E.  of  Areola. 

Wes'toe,  a  township  and  chapelry  of  England,  co.  of 
Durham,  containing  part  of  South  Shields. 

West  Olive,  ol'iv,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich., 
on  Pigeon  River,  and  on  the  Michigan  Lake  Shore  Rail- 
road, 10  miles  S.  of  Grand  Haven,  and  3  miles  from  Lake 
Michigan.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

West'on,  a  post-village  in  Weston  township,  Fairfield 
CO.,  Conn.,  7  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Norwalk,  and  about  11  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  Bridgeport.  It  has  several  churches.  Pop 
of  the  township,  1054. 

Weston,  a  village  of  Webster  co.,  Ga.     Pop.  176. 

Weston,  a  post-office  of  Oneida  co.,  Idaho. 

\Veston,  a  hamlet  of  Jo  Daviess  co.,  111.,  on  the  Apple 
River,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Galena. 

Weston,  a  post-village  in  Yates  township,  McLean  co., 
111.,  on  the  Toledo,  Peoria  &  Warsaw  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of 
Fairbury,  and  20  miles  E.  of  El  Paso.  It  has  a  newspaper 
office,  a  town  hall,  3  churches,  and  2  grain-elevators. 

Weston,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Pottawattamie  co., 
Iowa,  near  Mosquito  Creek,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Rock 
Island  &  Pacific  Railroad,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Council  Bluffs. 

W^eston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Davis  co.,  Kansas,  12  miles 
S.E.  of  Junction  City. 

Weston,  a  post-village  of  Crittenden  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  20  miles  below  Shawneetown,  III.  It  has  a 
church,  and  manufactures  of  barrels  and  ploughs.  Coal  is 
mined  near  this  place,  and  much  tobacco  is  shipped  here. 

Weston,  a  post-township  of  Aroostook  co.,  Me.,  30 
miles  S.  of  Houlton.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  Grand 
Lake.     Pop.  394. 

Weston,  a  post-village  in  Weston  township.  Middlesex 
CO.,  Mass.,  13  miles  W.  of  Boston,  and  1  mile  S.W.  of  Wes- 
ton Station  of  the  Fitchburg  Railroad.  It  contains  3 
churches,  a  high  school,  a  machine-shop,  tic.  The  township 
is  bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Charles  River.  Pop.  of  the 
township  in  1890,  1664. 

Weston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lenawee  oo.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Canada  Southern  Railroad,  6i  miles  N.E.  of  Morcnci.  It 
has  a  chapel. 

Weston,  a  post-village  in  Weston  township,  Platte  oo., 
Mo.,  on  the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  Kansas  City,  St. 


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Joseph  A  Council  Bluflfs  Railroad,  8  miles  abore  L«aven- 
nortu,  and  S3  miles  by  railroad  N.N.W.  of  Kansas  City, 
It  oontains  8  ohurohee,  a  banking-house,  a  savings-bank,  a 
newspaper  ofRco,  2  fluuring-mills,  and  a  tannery.  Pop. 
1614  ;  of  the  township,  2453. 

Weston,  a  post-office  of  Saunders  co.,  Neb. 

Weston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Millstone  River  and  the  Delaware  &  Bound  Drook  Rail- 
road, 4  miles  S.W.  of  Bound  IJrook.     It  luis  a  flour-mill. 

WcstOB,  a  post-hamlet  in  Tyrone  township,  Schuyler 
CO.,  N.Y.,  11  miles  W.N.W,  of  Watkins.  It  has  2  churches, 
an  academy,  and  a  pump-factory. 

Weston,  a  post-village  of  Wood  oo.,  0.,  on  the  S.  border 
of  Weston  township,  and  on  the  Dayton  &  Michigan  Rail- 
road, 26  miles  S.S.W.  of  Toledo.  It  has  a  newspaper  office, 
3  churches,  an  academy,  2  large  flouring-mills,  and  2  lum- 
bor-uiills.     Pop.  about  800 ;  of  the  township  in  1880,  2351. 

We8ton,apo8t-vil)ngeof  Umatilla  co.,  Oregon,  18  miles 
from  Walla  Walla.     It  has  a  church. 

Weston,  a  post-village  of  Collin  co.,  Tex.,  about  22 
miles  S.  of  Sherman.  It  bos  3  churches,  a  high  school,  and 
u  stoam  flour-mill.     Pop.  157. 

Weston,  a  post-village  of  Windsor  co.,  Vt.,  in  Weston 
township,  about  27  miles  £  by  £.  of  Rutland.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  931. 

Weston,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Lewis  co.,  W.  Va.,on 
the  West  Fork  of  the  Monongahcla  River,  about  70  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Parkersburg,  and  88  miles  S.  of  Wheeling.  It  has 
a  national  bank,  an  academj',  a  newspaper  office,  6  churches, 
a  woollcn-mill,  a  phining-mill,  and  a  hospital  for  the  insane, 
which  was  founded  by  the  state.     Pop.  in  1890,  2143. 

Weston,  a  township  of  Clark  co.,  Wis.     Pop.  37a. 

Weston,  a  post-township  of  Dunn  co.,  Wis.,  about  26 
miles  W.  of  Eau  Claire.     Pop.  400. 

Weston,  a  township  of  Marathon  co,,  Wis.  Pop.  479. 
Sec  also  Schofield's  Mills. 

Wes'ton,  a  post-villago  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
number  River,  at  the  junction  of  several  railways,  SJ  miles 
N.W.  of  Toronto.  It  has  a  large  tnade  in  flour  and  grain, 
and  contains  2  churches,  several  hotels  and  stores,  a  wool- 
len-factory, a  manufactory  of  agricultural  implements,  a 
foundry  and  machine-shop,  2  flouring-mills,  3  saw-mills, 
Ac.     Pop.  1300. 

West  Oneon'ta,  a  post-hamlet  in  Oneonta  township, 
Otsego  CO.,  N.Y.,  4  miles  W.  of  Oneonta,  and  about  20  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Cooperstown.     It  has  a  church  and  a  foundry. 

Weston's  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Portville  township, 
Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Alleghany  River  and  the 
Buffalo,  New  York  &  Philadelphia  Railroad,  at  Weston's 
Station,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Olean.  It  has  manufactures  of 
lumber  and  shingles.     Pop.  about  450. 

Weston's  Pass,  Colorado,  a  depression  of  the  Park 
Range,  at  an  elevation  of  11,676  feet  above  the  sea-level. 
Lat.  39°  7'  30"  N. ;  Ion.  106°  9'  30"  AV. 

Weston-8u'per-Ma're,a  maritime  town  of  England, 
CO.  of  Somerset,  on  Uphill  Bay,  Bristol  Channel,  with  a  station 
on  the  Bristol  <fc  Exeter  (Great  Western)  Railway,  8i  miles 
N.W.  of  Axbridge.  Pop.  10,470.  It  is  a  favorite  water- 
ing-place, with  good  sands,  bathing-establishments,  many 
new  villa-residences,  and  a  view  of  the  opposite  coast  of 
Wales.     It  has  a  college,  founded  in  1864. 

West  Orange,  Sr'inj,  a  township  of  Essex  co.,  N.J. 
Pop.  in  1890,  4358. 

West  Osgoode,  oz'good,  a  post-village  in  Russell  co., 
Ontario,  on  a  railway,  31  miles  N.  of  Prescott.     Pop.  100. 

West  Os'sijiee,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  N.II.,  on 
the  Ossipee  River  and  the  Conway  division  of  the  Eastern 
Railroad,  10  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Ossipee,  and  17  miles  S.  of 
North  Conway. 

West  O'tis,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berkshire  oo.,  Mass.,  Hi 
miles  E.  of  Great  Barrington. 

Westoutre,  vfisHoot'r',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  West 
Flanders,  on  the  frontiers  of  France,  33  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Bruges.     Pop.  1331. 

West'over,  a  post-office  of  Covington  co.,  Ala. 

Westover,  a  post-office  of  Phillips  co.,  Ark. 

Westover,  a  post-village  of  Somerset  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Eastern  Shore  Railroad,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Crisfield. 

West'over,  or  Don'nybrook,  a  post-village  in  Went- 
worth  CO.,  Ontario,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Dundos.     Pop.  100. 

West'over's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  about 
25  miles  N.W.  of  Altoona.    It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

West  O'verton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westmoreland  co.. 
Pa.,  on  the  Mount  Pleasant  Branch  Railroad,  at  the  junc- 
tion of  the  Green  Lick  Railroad,  7  or  8  miles  N.  of  Con- 
nellsville.   It  has  a  distillery,  a  flour-mill,  and  coke-works. 

West  Par'is,  a  post-village  in  Paris  township,  Oxford 


CO.,  Me.,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  55  miles  X  bv 
of  Portland.  It  has  a  church,  u  chair-factory,  «  carrU 
■hop,  and  a  flour-mill. 

West  Par'ishviile,  a  post-hamlet  in  Parlshvllle  tu» 
ship,  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y.,  5  miles  E.  of  PoUdnm. 
has  a  church. 

West  Par'sonfield,  a  hamlet  of  York  oo.,  Mc.  ab 
40  miles  W.  of  Porthind.     It  has  a  church.  "' 

West  Pascagouin,  pas*ka-goo'la,  a  station  in  J«, 
son  CO.,  Miss.,  on  the  New  Orleans  A  Mobile  Railroad 
the  mouth  of  the  Pasoagoula,  44  miles  S.W.  of  Mobile ' 

West  Paw'let,  a  post-hamlet  in  Puwiet  townth 
Rutland  oo.,  Vt.,  at  Pawlet  Station  on  the  Rensselaer 
Saratoga  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Salem,  N.Y. 

West  Paw  Paw,  Lee  co..  III.    See  Paw  Paw  (inoi 

West  Peni'broke,  a  post-village  in  Pembroke  ton! 
ship,  Washington  co.,  Me.,  on  an  inlet  of  the  ooc«i,,  1 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Eastport.  It  has  2  churches,  a  ship  ;ii! 
a  carriage-shop,  and  a  planing- mill.  i 

West  Penn,  a  post-township  forming  the  eut«m  e' 
tremity  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  is  about  28  miles  K  of  Itoa 
ing.     Pop.  1980. 

West  Penns'borough,  a  township  of  fnmberla 
CO.,  Pa.     Pop.  2180. 

West  Pcnob'scot,  a  post-office  of  Ham*3k  co.,  Mel 

West  Pensaukee,  pen-saw'kee,  a  f  jst-hamlct  [ 
Pensaukco  township,  Oconto  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Pcnaauk  | 
River,  about  1.^  miles  S.W.  of  Oconto.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Per'ry,  a  hamlet  in  Perry  towi.ship,  Wyomiii 
CO.,  N.Y.,  1  mile  from  Perry.     It  has  aboi.t  15  bouses.     1 

West  Perry,  a  township  of  Snyder  oj.,  Pa.    Pop.  5S I 

West  Perth,  a  hamlet  in  Perth  to.vnship,  Fulton  tx\ 
N.Y.,  about  40  miles  N.W.  of  Albany.  | 

West  Pe'ru',  a  post-hamlct  of  Oxford  co., Mo., on  tli 
Androscoggin  River,  about  34  miles  N.N.W.  of  LoKiftoij 
It  has  a  grist-mill,  3  stores,  and  a  starch -factory.  \ 

West  Peterborough,  pe't^r-bur-rrih,  a  post-villa^ 
in  Peterborough  township,  Hillsborough  co.,  N.n.,  abot 
36  miles  S.W.  of  Concord,  and  58  miles  N.W.  of  Boston.  ] 
has  2  cotton-mills. 

Westphalia,  w6st-fA'le-^  (Ger.  Weitphnlen,  Ithlti' 
l§n;  Fr.  Westphalie,  v6st*fiMee'),  a  province  of  Prussia,  com 
prising  the  N.W.  portion  of  its  territory,  and  bordering  o 
the  Netherlands.  Estimated  area,  7800  square  miles.  l'u| 
in  1871,  1,775,175,  comprising  949,118  Roman  CaU.ullc 
and  806,464  Protestants;  in  1885,  2,202,726.  The  surfac 
is  hilly  in  the  S.W.  part  of  the  province,  but  level  in  lb  , 
centre  and  N.W.  Chief  rivers,  the  Ems,  Woser,  Werra,  nn' 
Lippe.  Climate  healthy;  soil  generally  very  fertile,  bu 
interspersed  with  some  extensive  marshes  and  bentliti 
Large  quantities  of  grain,  flax,  tobacco,  hops,  and  potntoe 
are  raised.  Horses,  cattle,  sheep,  and  hogs  are  numerous 
and  the  last-named  furnish  the  celebrated  Wcst|jliiiliiii 
hams.  The  minerals  comprise  coal,  iron,  lead,  copper,  ani 
rock  salt;  and  it  has  numerous  salt-springs.  The  provino 
has  manufactures  of  cottons,  hardwares,  paper,  tobacco,  nnt 
spirits.  Flax-spinning  and  weaving  occupy  many  of  thi 
population,  and  cutlery  is  a  chief  article  of  manufacture 
The  province  is  subdivided  into  3  governments,  and  thccc 
again  into  37  circles.  Principal  towns,  MUnsterfthe capital) 
Minden,  Arnsberg,  Paderborn,  and  llamm.  The  old  Cm- 
CLE  OF  Westphalia  in  the  German  Empire,  situated  be- 
tween the  Rhine  and  the  Weser,  Lower  Saxony  and  the 
Netherlands,  formed  the  nucleus  of  the  Kingdom  of  West- 
phalia, created  by  Napoleon  for  his  brother  Jerome,  and 
dismembered  in  1813.  The  Duchv  of  Westi-haua,  of 
■which  Arnsberg  wiis  the  capital,  was  a  small  territory  be- 
longing successively  to  the  Archbishops  of  Cologne  and  to 

Hesse-Darmstadt,  and  ceded  to  Prussia  in  1815. Adj. 

and  inhab.  Wf-stphalian,  wdst-f'A'le-an. 

Westpha'lia,  a  post-hamlct  of  Shelby  co.,  Iowa,  6 
miles  N.W.  of  Harlan.     It  has  a  church. 

Westphalia,  a  post-village  in  Westphalia  township, 
Clinton  CO.,  Mich.,  about  18  miles  N.W.-of  Lansing.  It 
has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  1548. 

Westphalia,  a  post-village  of  Osage  co..  Mo.,  on 
Marais  Creek,  about  14  miles  S.E.  of  Jefferson  City,  «nd  12 
miles  S.  of  Osage  City.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Philadel'phia,  Pennsvlvania,  is  the  part  of 
Philadelphid  which  is  on  the  W.  side  of  the  Schuylkill 
River.  It  comprises  the  24th  and  27th  wards,  and  is  con- 
nected with  the  central  or  eastern  part  of  the  city  by  s«^^j^'' 
bridges.  The  ground  is  high  and  undulating.  West  Phila- 
delphia contains,  besides  many  beautiful  villas  and  resi- 
dences, numerous  churches,  several  cemeteries  and  asylums, 
and  the  new  buildings  of  the  University  of  Pennsylvania, 


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jirhich  are  built  of  seqientine  in  the  Collegiate  Gothic  style, 
fts  post-office  is  a  branch  of  the  Philadelphia  post-office. 

iWest  Pierpoiit,  poor'pont,  a  post-office  in  Pierrepont 
ownship,  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y. 
West  Pike,  a  post-office  of  Potter  co.,  Pa.,  in  Pike 
ownship,  about  32  miles  N.  of  Renovo. 

West  Pike'land,  a  post-office  in  AVcst  Pikcland  town- 
hip,  Chester  co..  Pa.,  near  the  Pickering  Valley  Railroad, 
ibout  10  miles  N.  of  AVest  Chester.  The  township  contains 
!  churches,  a  cotton -factory,  and  several  grist-mills,  also 
he  hamlet  of  Chester  Springs.     Pop.  of  township,  1201. 

West  Pike  Run,  a  township  of  Washington  co.,  Pa. 
>op.  1252. 

West  Pi'lot,  a  post-office  of  Iowa  co.,  Iowa,  12  miles 
s.S.W.  of  Marengo. 

West  Pitts'burg,  a  borough  of  Alleghany  oo.,  Pa., 
m  the  left  or  S.  bank  of  the  Ohio  Hirer,  about  a  mile 
)elow  Pittsburg.     Pon.  2095. 

West  Pitts'fiela,  a  post-office  of  Somerset  co.,  Mo., 
ibout  40  miles  W.  of  Bangor. 

West  Pittsfield,  Mass.    See  Shaker  Village. 

West  Pitts'ton,  a  borough  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  on 
he  W.  bank  of  the  North  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna 
S.iver,  opposite  Pittston,  and  on  the  Lackawanna  &  Blooms- 
mrg  Railroad,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Scranton.    P.  (1890)  3906, 

West  Plains,  a  post-office  of  Graves  co.,  Ky. 

West  Plains,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Howell  co., 
Wo.,  in  Howell  township,  about  100  miles  E.S.E.  of  Spring- 
ield.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  2  churches,  and  a  flouring- 
nill.     Pop.  361. 

West  Platts'bnrg,  a  post-village  in  Plattsburg  town- 
ibip,  Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  6  miles  W.  of  Plattsburg.  It  has 
i  churches  and  a  starch-factory. 

West  Plymouth,  plim'uth,  a  post-office  of  Grafton 
JO.,  N.H.,  4  miles  W.  of  Plymouth. 

West  Point,  a  post-village  of  White  co..  Ark.,  on 
Little  Red  River,  62  miles  E.N.E.  of  Little  Rock,  and  3 
miles  from  the  Cairo  &  Fulton  Railroad.  It  has  3  churches, 
%  bank,  and  a  seminary  for  each  sex.  Steamboats  ascend 
the  river  to  this  place. 

West  Point,  a  post-village  of  Calaveras  co.,  Cal.,  about 
60  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sacramento.  It  has  gold-mines  and 
several  quartz-mills. 

West  Point,  a  post-village  of  Troup  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Chattahoochee  River  at  the  point  where  it  first  strikes 
the  AV.  boundary  of  the  state,  15  miles  S.AV.  of  La  Grange, 
and  87  miles  S.S.W.  of  Atlanta.  It  is  a  terminus  of  the 
[Atlanta  &  West  Point  Railroad,  which  connects  here  with 
ithe  Western  Railroad  of  Alabama,  It  has  5  churches,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  banking-house,  the  West  Point  Female 
ICollege,  2  cotton-factories,  an  iron-foundry,  and  a  carriage- 
ffactory.     Pop.  in  1890,  1254. 

(  West  Point,  a  post-village  of  Hancock  co..  III.,  on  the 
Carthage  division  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  <t  Quincy 
Railroad,  28i  miles  N.N.E.  of  Quincy.  It  has  1  or  2 
churches.     Pop.  about  260. 

West  Point,  township,  Stephenson  co..  111.    P.  2602. 

West  Point,  a  post-village  in  Wayne  township,  Tip- 
pecanoe CO.,  Ind.,  1  mile  from  AVest  Point  Station  of  the 
Wabash  Railroad,  and  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lafayette.  It 
lias  2  churches.     Pop.  246. 

West  Point,  a  township  of  AAThite  co.,  Ind.    Pop.  611. 

West  Point,  a  hamlet  in  AVest  Point  township,  Butler 
CO.,  Iowa,  about  22  miles  W.  by  N.  of  AVaverly.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  516. 

West  Point,  a  post-village  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa,  in  AVest 
Point  township,  on  the  Fort  Madison  &  Northwestern  Rail- 
road, 24  miles  N.  of  Keokuk,  and  12  miles  N.AV.  of  Fort 
Madison.  It  has  6  churches,  2  steam  flour-mills,  a  saw- 
mill, and  a  newspaper  office. 

West  Point,  a  post-office  of  Rush  co.,  Kansas. 

West  Point,  a  post-village  of  Hardin  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Ohio  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Salt  River,  and  on  the  Louis- 
ville &  Great  Southern  Railroad,  20  miles  S.S.AA^.  of  Louis- 
•Tille.    It  has  several  stores  and  2  or  3  churches.     Pop.  441. 

West  Point,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clay  co..  Miss., 
on  the  Mobile  &  Ohio  Railroad,  34  miles  N.  of  Macon,  and 
about  16  miles  N.AV.  of  Columbus.  It  has  2  newspaper 
offices,  6  churches,  2  banks,  a  high  school  for  boys,  and  a 
female  institute.     Pop.  in  1890,  2762. 

West  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bates  co..  Mo.,  10  miles 
£.  of  La  Cygne,  Kansas,  and  about  48  miles  S.  of  Kansas 
City.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Point,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cuming  co., 
Keb.,  on  fhe  Elkhorn  River  and  the  Siou.x  City  A  Pacific 
Railroad,  35i  miles  N.N.W.  of  Fremont,  and  82  miles 
K.W.  of  Omaha.    It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  a  bank,  3 


churches,  a  paper-mill,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  furniture-fac- 
tory.    Pop.  in  1890,  1842. 

West  Point,  a  post-village,  the  site  of  the  United 
States  Military  Academy,  is  situated  in  Cornwall  township, 
Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  right  (W.)  bank  of  the  Hudson, 
52  miles  N.  of  the  city  of  New  York.  The  natural  strength 
of  the  place  led  to  its  selection  for  a  fortress  in  the  Revolu- 
tion, and  the  ruins  of  Fort  l*utnam,  which  was  erected  at 
that  period,  crown  a  hill  (a  little  to  theS.AV.of  the  extreme 
point)  of  698  feet  elevation  above  the  river.  The  buildings 
of  the  academy  occupy  a  plateau  elevated  188  feet  above 
the  Hudson,  and  covering  an  area  of  about  a  mile  in  cir- 
cuit, with  ample  room  for  the  necessary  structures,  for 
military  evolutions,  and  for  the  practice  of  gunnery.  The 
approach  from  the  river  on  the  E.  is  interrupted  by  a  nearly 
perpendicular  bank  or  wall,  while  on  the  AAf .  and  S.AV.  the 
place  is  defended  by  a  rampart  of  high  and  rugged  hills. 
The  same  causes  that  render  it  so  strong  as  a  fortress  make 
this  place  in  point  of  scenery  second  to  none  in  the  country. 
As  the  visitor  sits  in  the  piazza  of  the  hotel  which  stands 
on  the  brow  of  the  third  terrace,  he  has  before  him  towards 
the  N.  the  finest  known  pass  in  any  river  in  the  world; 
while  the  whole  N.AV.  and  S.AV.  horizon  is  shut  out  from 
the  view  by  highlands  and  mountains  of  from  600  to  1500 
feet  in  height.  Towards  the  E.'are  beautiful  promenade* 
on  the  summit  of  the  rocks  that  overlook  the  river.  The 
view  from  the  ruins  of  old  Fort  Putnam  is  perhaps  un- 
equalled in  its  peculiar  beauties.  The  Catskill  and  other 
mountains  may  command  more  extensive  prospects,  but 
none  have  such  a  river  as  the  Hudson  immediately  at  their 
feet,  or  such  a  pass  as  that  through  the  highlands  within 
the  scope  of  distinct  vision.  Fort  Putnam  is  on  a  spur  of 
the  hignlands,  extending  towards  the  S.  or  S.AV.,  and  sur- 
rounded on  three  sides  by  deep  ravines  and  steep  descents. 
On  the  plateau  named  above  were  Fort  Clinton  and  the 
other  works  that  constituted  the  fortress  at  the  period  of 
the  Revolution,  defended  by  redoubts  on  the  summits  of 
the  hills,  of  which  Fort  Putnam  was  the  chief.  Arnold 
was  in  command  of  this  fortress  when,  in  1780,  he  entered 
into  a  base  conspiracy  with  Major  Andr6  to  surrender  it  into 
the  hands  of  the  British.  Here,  too,  the  patriot  Kosciusko 
held  a  command,  and  a  small  plateau  or  ledge  on  the  side 
of  the  precipice  leading  down  to  the  river  is  known  as 
Kosciusko's  Garden.  At  the  top  of  the  stairs  descending 
to  this  garden  is  a  cenotaph  to  his  memory  (a  conspicuous 
object  ascending  the  river),  erected  by  the  cadets  of  1823 
at  an  expense  of  $5000.  The  Military  Academy  was  es- 
tablished by  Congress  in  1802,  and  is  wholly  supported  by 
the  general  government.  The  education  given  is  practically 
gratuitous,  so  far  as  money  is  concerned,  each  cadet  being 
allowed  a  pay  of  $500  per  annum  and  one  ration,  from  which 
are  deducted  the  charges  for  board,  clothing,  books,  and 
other  expenses.  The  corps  of  cadets  must  not  exceed  250 
at  any  one  time,  and  the  candidates  for  admission  must  not 
be  under  17  or  over  21  years  of  age.  The  course  of  study, 
which  is  full  and  thorough  in  the  mathematics  and  all  that 
pertains  to  the  military  art,  embraces  6  years.  The  corps 
of  instructors  numbers  about  50.  During  the  Revolution 
a  heavy  chain  was  stretched  across  the  river  here  to  prevent 
the  passage  of  the  enemy's  ships.     Pop.  in  about  1200. 

West  Point,  a  post-hamlet  in  Madison  township,  Co- 
lumbiana CO.,  0.,  6  miles  from  New  Lisbon.  It  has  2  stores 
and  a  tannery. 

West  Point,  a  hamlet  of  Morrow  co.,  0.,  3i  miles  S.E. 
of  Iberia  Railroad  Station,  and  about  8  miles  S.  of  Gallon. 
It  has  2  churches.     Here  is  AVhetstone  Post-Office. 

West  Point,  a  post-village  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  in 
Gwynedd  township,  on  the  Stony  Creek  Railroad,  at  Lukens 
Station,  8  miles  N.  of  Norristown.  It  has  a  hotel,  a  steam 
flour-mill,  a  sash-factory,  and  a  grain-warehouse. 

West  Point,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co.,  Tenn.,  about 
90  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Nashville. 

West  Point,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co.,  Tex. 

West  Point,  a  post-village  of  King  William  co.,  Va., 
is  on  a  point  of  land  formed  by  the  confluence  of  the  Pa- 
mnnky  and  Mattapony  Rivers,  38  miles  E.  of  Richmond. 
It  is  the  E.  terminus  of  the  Richmond,  York  River  <t 
Chesapeake  Railroad,  and  has  a  newspaper  office,  2  churches, 
and  manufactures  of  bricks  and  lumber.  Large  steamboats 
ply  between  this  place  and  Baltimore.     Pop.  in  1890,  201^ 

West  Point,  a  post-township  forming  the  S.AV.  ex- 
tremity of  Columbia  co.,  AVis.,  is  bounded  on  the  N.AV.  by 
the  Wisconsin  River.     Pop.  928. 

West  Point,  a  post-villago  in  Prince  co.,  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  on  Northumberland  Strait,  43  miles  from 
Summerside.     Pop.  100. 

West  Po'iand,  a  post-hamlet  in  Poland  township, 


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Androscoggin  co.,  Me.,  about  32  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Port- 
liiml.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  carriiigo-factory. 

West'port,  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland,  co.  of  Mayo,  on 
Clow  Bay,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Castlebar.  Pop.  4417.  It  has 
a  linon  hall,  court-house,  market-house,  barracks,  a  bride- 
well, and  workhouse,  and  an  active  export  trade  in  rural 
produce.  Wkstpoht  Quay,  its  port,  1  mile  W.,  is  at  the 
S.E.  extremity  of  Clew  Bay,  termed  Westport  Bay.  It  has 
a  fishery  of  importance,  and  several  coast-guard  stations. 

West'port,  a  post-village  in  Westport  township,  Fair- 
field CO.,  Conn.,  on  the  Saugatuck  River,  about  10  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Bridgeport,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Norwalk,  and  U 
miles  N.E.  of  Westport  Station  of  the  New  York,  New 
Haven  <t  Hartford  Railroad.  It  contains  7  churches,  a 
national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  an  academy,  and  the  River- 
tide  Institute  for  ladies.  It  has  manufactures  of  cotton 
rope,  batting,  twine,  mattresses,  carriages,  boots,  and  shoes. 
Westport  Station  is  11  miles  W.S.W.  of  Bridgeport.  The 
township  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  Long  Island  Sound.  Pop. 
of  the  township  in  1890,  3715. 

Westport,  a  post-hamlet  of  Decatur  co.,  Ind.,  about  20 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Columbus.     It  has  3  churches. 

Westport,  a  post-village  of  Oldham  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Ohio,  about  24  miles  above  Louisville.     It  has  2  or  3  stores. 

Westport,  a  post-viliage  in  Westport  township,  Lin- 
coln CO.,  Me.,  on  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  7  miles  E.  by  S.  of 
Bath.  It  is  on  a  small  island  which  lies  at  the  mouth  of 
Shecpscott  River  and  is  co-extensive  with  Westport  town- 
ship.    Pop.  of  the  township,  699. 

Westport,  a  post-village  in  Westport  township,  Bristol 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  a  small  river,  7  miles  W.  of  New  Bedford, 
and  8  miles  S.E.  of  Fall  River.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high 
school,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  batts,  and  twine. 
The  township  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean, 
and  contains  Central  Village  and  Westport  Point.  Pop.  of 
the  township  in  1890,  2599. 

Westport,  a  township  of  Pope  co.,  Minn.     Pop.  246. 

Westport,  a  post-town  in  Westport  township,  Jackson 
CO.,  Mo.,  4  miles  S.  of  Kansas  City,  and  11  miles  W.S.W. 
of  Independence.  It  has  a  high  school  and  6  churches. 
Pop.  1095. 

iVestport,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cheshire  co.,  N.II.,  on  the 
Ashuelot  River  and  the  Ashuelot  Railroad,  8  miles  S.S.W. 
Df  Keene. 

Westport,  a  post-village  in  Westport  township,  Essex 
30.,  N.Y.,  on  Lake  Champlain,  and  on  the  New  York  & 
Canada  Railroad,  40  miles  S.  of  Plattsburg,  and  10  miles 
W.  of  Vergennes,  Vt.  It  has  a  union  free  school  and  a 
hotel.     Pop.  about  500;  of  the  township,  1981. 

Westport,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clatsop  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
Columbia  River,  about  40  miles  below  Kalama.  It  has  a 
salmon-cannery  and  a  saw-mill. 

Westport,  a  post-village  of  Clinton  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
AVest  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Phila- 
delphia <t  Erie  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Renovo.  It  has  a 
church,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  shingle-mill. 

Westport,  a  township  of  Dane  co..  Wis.,  about  6  miles 
N.  of  Madison,  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  Lake  Mendota,  and 
contains  a  village  named  Mendota.     Pop.  1621. 

West'port,  a  maritime  village  in  Digby  co.,  Nova  Sco- 
tia, on  St.  Mary's  Bay,  42  miles  from  Digby.     Pop.  600. 

Westport,  a  post-village  in  Leeds  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Upper  RiJeau  Lake,  44  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Brockville.  It 
has  good  water-power,  an  iron-foundry,  woollen-mills,  a 
number  of  stores,  and  2  hotels.     Pop.  400. 

Westport  Factory,  a  station  in  Bristol  eo.,  Mass.,  on 
the  Fall  River  Railroad,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Fall  River. 

Westport  Harbor,  a  hamlet  in  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  on 
the  sea-coiist,  13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Tiverton,  R.I. 

Westport  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bristol  co.,  Mass., 
on  an  inlet  of  the  ocean,  13  miles  S.S.W.  of  New  Bedford. 

Westport  River,  a  small  stream  of  Bristol  co.,  in  the 
S.S.E.  part  of  Massachusetts,  enters  the  Atlantic  a  few  miles 
E.  of  the  Rhode  Island  boundary. 

West  Pots'dam,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co., 
N.Y.,  about  22  miles  E.  of  Ogdensburg,  and  5  miles  W.  of 
Potsdam  Station.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Pot'ton,  a  post-village  in  Brome  co.,  Quebec,  5 
miles  W.  of  Mansonville  Potton.     Pop.  200. 

West  Pow'nal,  a  post-hamlet  in  Pownal  township, 
Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  at 
Pownal  Station,  18  miles  N.  of  Portland. 

West  Prairie,  pra'ree,  post-office,  Poinsett  co..  Ark. 

West  Prairie,  a  post-office  of  Linn  co.,  Iowa,  15  miles 
N.  of  Marion. 

West  Prairie,  a  hamlet  of  Dunklin  co.,  Mo.,  about  28 
miles  S.E.  cf  Poplar  Bluff.    It  has  a  church. 


West  Prairie,  a  post-office  of  Vernon  co.,  Wig 

West  Prov'idence,  a  post-office  of  Saratoga  co   N  \ 
about  16  miles  W.  of  Saratoga  Springs.  "'        i 

West  Providence,  a  township  of  Bedford  oo  pl 
Pop.  970.  ''     ' 

West  Providence,  a  thriving  suburb  of  Providcnc! 
R.I.,  in  Johnston  township,  Providence  co.,  is  on  the  Hun' 
ford,  Providence  <t  Fishkill  Railroad,  4  miles  W.  of  provjl 
dence,  and  adjacent  to  Olncyville.  It  has  a  chapd.  1>,„ 
358.  West  Providence  Station  of  the  Stonington  A  I'ruvi 
denco  Railroad  is  3  miles  S.W.  of  Providence. 

West  Prussia,  a  province  of  Prussia,  embracing  th 
governments  of  Dantzic  and  Marienwcrder.  Area,  'Jiv'i 
square  miles.     Pop.  1,343,060.  '| 

West  Quin'cy,  a  post-village  of  Norfolk  co.,Ma»?.,ii' 
Quincy  township,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad,  8i  miles  S 
of  Boston.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  graded  school.  Manj! 
men  are  employed  hero  in  cutting  granite.  1 

West  Quincy,  a  station  in  Missouri,  on  the  Missis.' 
sippi  River,  opposite  Quincy,  111.,  2  miles  W.  of  Quincyl 
Station.  It  is  on  the  St.  Louis,  Keokuk  <t  Northweettrn! 
Railroad  and  the  Quincy,  Missouri  .t  Pacific  Railroad.        i 

West  Ran'dolpit,  a  post-village  in  Rnndolph  town-! 
ship.  Orange  co.,  Vt.,  on  a  branch  of  AVhite  River,  and  on' 
the  Southern  division  of  the  Vermont  Central  Railroad  I 
(Randolph  Station),  32  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Montpelier,  nndi 
about  25  miles  N.E.  of  Rutland.  It  has  6  churches,  2  news- 
paper offices,  a  bank,  2  hotels,  a  graded  school,  and  manut'ao-  I 
tures  of  lumber,  furniture,  sash,  <tc.     Pop.  in  1890,  1573.   \ 

Wes'tray,  one  of  the  Orkney  Islands,  Scotland,  9}  1 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Pomona,  from  which  it  is  separated  by  ' 
Westray  Firth.  Length,  9  miles;  breadth,  4  miles.  Pop.  j 
2090.  The  coast  is  rocky,  but  on  the  E.  side  is  the  secure  i 
harbor  Pierowcll,  near  which  is  the  ruined  Gothic  castle  of  i 
Northland.     Pop.  2460.  i 

West  Ked'uing,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co..  Conn., 
in  Redding  township,  on  the  Danbury  &  Norwalk  Iliiil-  \ 
road,  6i  miles  S.  of  Danbury.  | 

West  Rich'field,  a  post-village  in  Richfield  town- 
ship, Summit  co.,  0„  about  20  miles  S.  of  Cleveland.  It 
has  a  high  school,  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  Car- 
riages, flour,  and  lumber. 

West  Rich'mondville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Schohario  i 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Albany  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  52  milea 
W.  of  Albany.     It  has  a  church. 

West  Ridg'way,  a  hamlet  of  Logan  co.,  0.,  about  50 
miles  N.W.  of  Columbus.     Pop.  100. 

West  Rindge,  rinj,  a  post-hamlet  in  Rindge  township, 
Cheshire  co.,  N.II.,  on  the  Monadnock  Railroad  (Rindge 
Station),  6  miles  N.  of  AVinchendon,  Mass.,  and  about  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Keene.  It  has  a  manufactory  of  wooden- 
ware. 

West  Rip'Iey,  a  post-office  of  Somerset  co..  Me. 

West  River,  a  small  stream  in  New  Haven  eo.,  Con- 
necticut, falls  into  Long  Island  Sound  at  New  Ilavcn.  _ 

West  River,  Vermont,  rises  in  Windsor  co.,  runs  in  a 
S.S.E.  direction  through  Windham  co.,  and  enters  the  Con- 
necticut near  Brattleborough.     It  is  about  50  miles  long. 

West  River,  township,  Randolph  co.,  Ind.    P.  1612. 

West  River,  a  post-village  of  Anno  Arundel  co.,  Md., 
about  32  miles  S.  of  Baltimore,  and  2  miles  W.  of  Chesa- 
peake Bay. 

West  River,  a  post-office  of  Yates  co.,  N.Y. 

West  River,  a  hamlet  in  Antigonish  co..  Nova  Scotia, 
on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  40  miles  from  New  Glasgow. 
Pop.  400.  . 

West  River,  a  post- village  in  Pictou  co..  Nova  Scotia, 
12  miles  from  Pictou.     Pop.  200. 

West  River  Saint  Mary's,  a  post-hamlet  in  Guys- 
borough  CO.,  Nova  Scotia,  on  AVest  River,  18  miles  from 
New  Glasgow.  It  contains  a  church,  a  hotel,  2  grist-mills, 
and  7  saw-mills.     Pop.  400. 

West  River  Station,  a  post-village  in  Pictoa  co., 
Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Intercolonial  Railway  (Pictou  Branch), 
82  miles  from  Halifax.     Pop.  120. 

Westroosebeke,  wSst-io'z§h-bi'keh,  a  village  of 
Belgium,  province  of  AVest  Flanders,  21  miles  S.  of  Bruges. 
In  1382  a  great  battle  was  fought  here  between  the  united 
French  and  Flemings  and  the  revolted  men  of  Ghent  under 
Philip  Van  Artevclde,  when  the  latter  lost  their  leader  and 
above  20,000  men.     Pop.  1038. 

West  Rosendale,  ro'z?n-dale,  a  post-office  of  Fona 
du  Lac  CO.,  AVis.,  on  the  Sheboygan  &  Fond'du  Lac  Kail- 
road,  14  miles  W.  of  Fond  du  Lac. 

West  Rox'bury,  a  post-vill.age  of  Suffolk  co^  Mass., 
in  AVest  Roxbury  township,  on  the  Dedhara  Branch  of  tue 
Boston  <t  Providence  Railroad,  8  miles  S.AV.  of  Boston. 


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i  West  Rum'ney,  a  post-village  in  Rumney  township, 

Vafton  CO.,  N.II.,  on  Baker's  River,  and  on  the  Boston, 

pnoord  <fc  Montreal  Railroad,  11  miles  W.  by  N,  of  I'ly- 

jouth. 

;  West   Ru'pert,   a  post-village  in  Rupert  township, 

[ennington  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Rensselaer  &  Saratoga  Rail- 

iaJ,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Salem,  N.Y.     It  has  a  cheese-factory, 

I  "stores,  and  2  churches.     Pop.  about  250. 
West  Rush,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
ush  township,  on  the  Genesee  River  and  the  New  York 
ntral  Railroad,  14  miles  S.  of  Rochester.     It  has  2  stores 
d  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  about  100. 

West  Rush'ville,  a  post-village  in  Richland  town- 
ip,  Fairfield  co.,  0.,  1  mile  W.  of  Rushville,  and  about  10 
iles  E.N.E.  of  Lancaster.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  graded 
hool.     Pop.  185. 

West  RutMand)  a  post-hamlet  in  Rutland  township, 
orcester  co.,  Mass.,  about  14  miles  N.W.  of  Worcester, 
has  manufactures  of  oak  baskets.  Here  is  a  lake  2 
iles  long,  called  Long  Pond. 

West  Rutland,  a  post-village  in  Rutland  township, 
utland  CO.,  Vt.,  on  the  Rensselaer  &  Saratoga  Railroad,  4 
iles  W.  of  the  city  of  Rutland.  Here  are  10  extensive 
larries  of  fine  white  marble,  and  mills  for  sawing  the 
arblo.  About  500  men  are  employed  in  these  quarries, 
(he  village  has  2  or  3  churches  and  a  manufactory  of 
larbleized  slate  mantels.     Pop.  in  1890,  3680. 

West  Saint  Louis,  Missouri,  is  a  suburb  of  the  city 
f  St.  Louis,  1  mile  from  Forrest  Park  Station.  It  has  a 
purch,  a  tannery,  and  manufactures  of  glue,  bono-blaok, 
pd  phosphate.  Its  post-office  is  a  branch  of  the  St.  Louis 
Jost-office,  about  4  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis  City. 
I  West  Saint  Paul ,  a  post- village  of  Dakota  co.,  Minn., 
n  the  Mississippi  River,  opposite  St.  Paul.  It  is  now  the 
1th  ward  of  St.  Paul. 

IWest  Salaman'ca,  a  post-village  in  Salamanca  town- 
lip,  Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Atlantic  &  Great  Western 
ailroad,  and  on  or  near  the  Alleghany  River.  It  has  3 
•lurches.  The  name  of  its  station  is  Bucktooth.  P.  469. 
I  West  Sa'lem,  a  post- village  in  Salem  township,  Ed- 
J'ards  CO.,  111.,  16  miles  S.  of  Olney,  and  12  miles  N.  of 
Llbion.     It  has  4  churches  and  5  stores.     Pop.  about  350. 

West  Salem,  a  hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  Ind.,  about  36 
^iles  S.W.  of  Indianapolis. 
West  Salem,  a  post- village  of  Wayne  co.,  0.,  14  miles 
rail  N.E.  of  Ashland.     It  has  a  bank,  a  union  school, 
newspaper  office,  4  churches,  a  foundry,  a  flour-mill,  2 
otels,  and  a  planing-mill.     Pop.  in  1890,  756. 
West  Salem,  a  township  of  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  .about  12 
iles  N.  of  Sharon.     Coal  is  found  here.     Pop.  204.". 
West  Salem,  a  post-village  of  La  Crosse  co..  Wis.,  12 
[liles  by  rail  N.E.  of  La  Crosse.      It  has  6  churches,  2 
janks,  2  flour-mills,  an  academy,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Pop.  542. 

West  Salisbury,  sawlz'b^r-e,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mer- 
imack  CO..  N.H.,  about  20  miles  N.W.  of  Concord. 

West  Salisbury,  a  post-hamlet  in  Salisbury  township, 
iddison  co.,  Vt.,  on  Otter  Creek  and  the  Vermont  Central 
Uilroad,  at  Salisbury  Station,  6i  miles  S.  of  Middlebury. 
t  has  a  church. 

West  Sand  Lake,  a  post-village  in  Rensselaer  co., 
T.Y.,  in  Sand  Lake  township,  8  or  9  miles  E.  of  Albanj'. 
t  has  a  newspaper  office,  4  churches,  and  a  manufactory  of 
Ifnit  goods.     Pop.  315. 

{  West  Sand'wich,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sandwich  town- 
hip,  Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Cape  Cod  division  of  the 
tld  Colony  Railroad,  60  miles  S.S.E.  of  Boston.  It  has  a 
iurch  and  a  manufactory  of  railroad-cars. 
West  Sarato'ga  Springs,  a  post-office  and  watering- 
i,lace  of  Pike  co.,  Ind.,  12  miles  E.  of  Princeton. 
I  West  Saugerties,  saw'gher-teez\  a  post-hamlet  of 
Ulster  CO.,  N.Y.,  about  12  miles  N.  of  Kingston. 

West  Scarborough,  skar'bur-riih,  astation  in  Cum- 
berland CO.,  Me.,  on  the  Eastern  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of 
Portland. 

i  West  Schuyler,  skl'l^r,  a  post-hamlet  of  Herkimer 
|o.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Mohawk  River  and  the  New  York  Central 
kailroad,  4  or  5  miles  E.  of  Utica.     li  has  a  church. 
I   West  Scituate,  sit'u-at,  a  post-village  in  South  Scit- 
aate  township,  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  about  21  miles  S.S.E. 
pf  Boston. 
West's  Corners,  Ontario.    See  Milvbrtox. 
West  Scott,  a  post-office  of  Buena  Vista  co.,  Iowa. 
West  Searsmont,  seerz'mont,  a  post-office  of  Waldo 
k>..  Me.,  Hi  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Belfast. 

West  Sebewa,  se'be-wa,  a  post-office  of  Ionia  co., 
Mich.,  11  miles  S.  of  Ionia. 
"^  177 


West  Sen'eca,  a  post-liamlct  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  in  West 
Seneca  township,  near  the  Buffalo  &  .Jamestown  Railroad, 
a  few  miles  S.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  2  churches.  The  town- 
ship is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Lake  Erie,  and  is  intersected 
by  the  liuffalo.  New  York  &  Philadeliihia  Railroad.  Pop. 
3446.     It  contains  a  village  named  Eoene/.cr. 

West  Shefford,  apost-villnge  in  Shefford  co.,  Quebec, 
on  the  Yamaska  River,  and  on  the  Stanstead,  Shefford  & 
Chambly  Railway,  8  miles  W.  of  Waterloo.  It  contains  2 
churches  and  several  stores  and  saw-mills.     Pop.  250. 

West  Shel'by,  a  post-office  of  Orleans  co.,  N.Y.,  aboqt 
32  miles  N.E.  of  Buffalo.  - 

West  Shenan'go,  township,  Crawford  co.,  Pa.   P.  357. 

West  Shoals,  a  post-hamlet  of  Martin  co.,  Ind.,  on 
the  East  Fork  of  White  River,  and  on  the  Ohio  &  M'n- 
sissippi  Railroad,  42  miles  E.  of  Vincenncs,  It  has  a 
church. 

West  Sho'kan,  a  post-office  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y. 

West  Side,  a  station  in  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  In- 
dianapolis &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  li  miles  W.  of  Iiidiannpolis. 

West  Side,  a  post-village  of  Crawford  co.,  Iowa,  in 
West  Side  township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Rail- 
road, 16  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Denison.  It  has  a  steam  grist- 
mill, 5  stores,  a  hotel,  and  a  monev-order  post-office.  Pop 
about  500;  of  the  township  in  1890,  1658. 

West  Side,  a  post-office  of  Nobles  co.,  Minn. 

West  Side,  a  post-office  of  Cuyahoga  co.,  0.,  is  a  branch 
of  the  Cleveland  post-office. 

West  Side  of  Lochabcr,  loK-d'ber,  a  post-hamlet 
of  Antigonish  co..  Nova  Scotia,  on  Lochaber  Lake,  IS 
miles  from  Antigonish.     Pop.  200. 

West  Sid'ney,  a  post-office  of  Kennebec  co..  Me.,  7 
miles  N.  of  Augusta. 

West's  Mill,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Saginaw  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Saginaw  Valley  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  12  miles 
E.  of  St.  Louis.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

West's  Mill,  a  post-village  of  Seward  co..  Neb.,  on  the 
West  Fork  of  Blue  River,  about  30  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lin- 
coln.    It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

West's  Mill,  a  post-hamlct  of  Macon  co.,  N.C.,  on 
Cowee  Creek,  about  50  miles  N.N.W.  of  Walhalla.     It  has 

2  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 

West's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co..  Me., 
about  IS  miles  W.  of  Skowhegan.  It  has  a  church,  and  a 
manufactory  of  salt-boxes. 

West  Somers,  sum'9rz,  a  hamlet  of  Westchester  co., 
N.Y.,  about  22  miles  S.E.  of  Newburg. 

West  Somerset,  siim'er-set,  a  post-office  of  Niagara 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  13  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Lockport. 

West  Sonora,  Indiana.     See  Dker  Crkek. 

West  Sono'ra,  a  post-hamlel  in  ILirrison  township, 
Preble  co.,  0.,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Dayton  with 
Richmond,  21  miles  W.N.AV.  of  Dayton.     It  has  2  churches. 

West  South'port,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Jle. 

West  Spar'ta,  a  township  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y. 
Pop.  1208. 

West  Spring  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Warren  co.,  Pa., 
5  miles  from  Spring  Creek,  and  about  8  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Corry.     It  has  1  or  2  churches,  a  tannery,  and  a  grist-mill. 

West  Spring'field,  a  post-village  of  Hampden  co., 
Mass.,  in  West  Springfield  township,  on  the  Connecticut 
River,  opposite  Springfield,  with  which  it  is  connected  by 
.9/  bridges.  It  is  on  the  Boston  &  Albany  Railroad.  It  has 
several  churches  and  a  high  school.  Its  post-office  is  2 
miles  from  Springfield.  The  township,  which  contains  the 
village  of  Mittineague,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Con- 
necticut River,  and  on  the  S.  by  the  Agawam.  It  h.as 
manufactures  of  paper  and  cotton  cloth.     P.  (1880)4149. 

West  Springfield,  a  post-hamlct  in  Springfield  town- 
ship, Sullivan  co.,  N.H.,  about  37  miles  W.N.W.  of  Concord. 
It  has  a  church. 

West  Springfield,  a  post-village  in  Springfield  town- 
ship, Erie  co.,  Pa.,  near  Conneaut  Creek,  2  miles  from  Lake 
Erie,  and  about  26  miles  S.W.  of  Erie.  It  has  3  churches, 
an  academy,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  lumber-mill. 

West's  Station,  a  post-office  of  Holmes  co..  Miss.,  on 
the  Big  Black  River  and  the  New  Orleans,  St.  Louis  & 
Chicago  Railroad,  43i  miles  S.  of  Grenada. 

West  Stafford,  a  post-hiimlet  in  Stafford  township, 
Tolland  co..  Conn.,  about  25  miles  N.E.  of  Hartford,  and 

3  miles  from  Stafford  Springs.  It  has  a  church,  and  manu- 
factures of  centring-machines,  mowing-machines,  and 
chucks. 

West  Stephentown,  ste'v^n-town,  a  prst-hamlct  of 
Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  about  18  miles  S.E.  of  Troy,  .'t  has 
a  church. 

West  Stcr'Iing,  a  post-hamlet  in  Sterling  township/. 


WES 


2810 


WES 


Worcester  oo.,  Mass.,  3}  miles  from  Storting  Railroad  Sta- 
tion, and  14  miles  N.  of  Worcester.     It  has  a  pottery. 

West  Stew'artstown,  a  post-hamlot  of  Coos  oo., 
N.U.,  on  the  Connecticut  lliver,  about  42  miles  N.  of  Lan- 
caster.    It  has  a  church. 

West  Stock'bridge,  a  post-village  in  West  Stock- 
bridge  township,  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  on  a  branch  of  the 
llousatonio  Railroad,  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pittsfield,  and  10 
miles  N.  of  Great  Barrington.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
savings-bank.  The  township  has  manufactures  of  flour, 
pig-iroa,  and  lime,  and  quarries  of  marble.  The  Boston  & 
Albany  Railroad  touches  the  N.W.  part  of  the  township. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1981. 

West  Stockbridge  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berk- 
shire CO.,  Mass.,  about  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Pittsfield. 

West  Stock'holm,  apost-village  in  Stockholm  town- 
ship, St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.\.,  on  the  St.  Regis  River,  about 
30  miles  E.  of  Ogdcnsburg.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded 
school,  2  butter-factories,  a  starch-factory,  a  foundry,  a 
saw-mill,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  goods,  carriages, 
iron-ware,  farming-implements,  Ac. 

West  Stony  Creek,  a  post-oflBce  of  Warren  co.,  N.Y., 
about  20  miles  W.  of  Lake  George. 

West  Stough'ton,  a  post-office  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass. 
West  Street,  a  station  of  the  Rockvillo  Branch  of  the 
Connecticut  Central  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Rock- 
ville  Railroad,  1  mile  N.W.  of  Rockville,  Conn. 

West  Suf'field,  a  post-village  of  Hartford  co.,  Conn., 
in  Suffield  township,  about  18  miles  N.  of  Hartford.  It  has 
2  churches. 

West  SulMivan,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co..  Me. 
West  Snm'mit,  a  village  on  the  Passaic  &  Delaware 
Railroad,  14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Newark,  N.J. 

West  Sum'ner,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oxford  co..  Me.,  in 
Sumner  township,  about  40  miles  W.  of  Augusta.  It  has  1 
or  2  churches. 

West  Sump'ter,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich., 
in  Sampler  township,  8  miles  S.W.  of  New  Boston. 
West  Sunbury,  Butler  co.,  Pa.     See  Sunbury. 
West  Sut'ton,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 
in  Sutton  township,  11  miles  S.  of  Worcester. 

West  Swanzey,  swon'ze,  a  post-village  in  Swanzey 
township,  Cheshire  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Ashuelot  River  and 
the  Ashuelot  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Keene.  It  has 
2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  beavers,  boxes,  pails,  and 
buckets. 

West  Swe'den,  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  5  miles 
B.AV.  of  Brockport.     It  has  2  churches. 

West  Sweden,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co..  Wis. 
West  Taghkanick,  tok'hSn-ik,  a  post-hamlet  of  Co- 
lumbia CO.,  N.Y.,  10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hudson.     It  has  a 
church. 

West  Thompson,  tomp's9n,  a  post-village  of  Wind- 
ham CO.,  Conn.,  on  the  Norwich  &  Worcester  Railroad,  2i 
miles  N.  of  Putnam,  and  26  miles  N.E.  of  Willimantic. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  cabinet-organs. 

M'est  Thorn'ton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grafton  co.,  N.H., 
on  the  Pemigewasset  River,  13  miles  N.  of  Plymouth. 

West  Tisbury,  tiz'b§r-e,  a  post-village  of  Dukes  co., 
Mass.,  in  Tisbury  township,  10  miles  W.  of  Edgartown.  It 
has  several  churches. 

West  Tole'do,  a  post-village  of  Lucas  co.,  0.,  in 
Washington  township,  on  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan 
Southern  Railroad  and  the  Canada  Southern  Railroad,  about 
6  miles  from  Toledo.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures 
of  wine,  ploughs,  barrels,  and  picture-frames. 

West  Topsham,  tops'am,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange 
CO.,  Vt.,  about  16  miles  S.E.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  a  church. 
West  ToAVn,  a  post-village  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
New  Jersey  Midland  Railroad,  11  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Middle- 
town.  It  has  2  churches  and  an  aciidcmy.  P.  about  200. 
Westtown  (Street  Road  Post-Office),  a  township  of 
Chester  co..  Pa.,  23  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia.  Pop.  818. 
It  contains  a  large  and  flourishing  boarding-school,  under 
the  direction  of  the  Society  of  Friends,  with  accommoda- 
tions for  about  250  scholars. 

West  Towns'end,  a  post-village  in  Townsend  town- 
ship, Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Peterborough  &  Shirley 
Branch  Railroad,  about  22  miles  W.  of  Lowell.  Pop.  529. 
West  Townshend,townz'cnd,  apost  village  of  Wind- 
ham CO.,  Vt.,  in  Townshend  township,  on  West  River,  about 
30  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bennington.  It  has  a  church,  a  tan- 
nery, a  grist-mill,  4  stores,  and  nearly  40  dwellings. 

West  Town'ship,  a  post-hamlet  in  Knox  township, 
Albany  co.,  N.Y.,  about  20  miles  AV.  of  Albany. 

West  Tre^mont',  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co.,  Me., 
.^ear  the  S.W.  coast  of  Mount  Desert  Island. 


West  Tren'ton,  a  post-hauilet  of  Hancock  co.  M«l 
on  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  about  30  miles  S.E.  of  Bangui-'       ' 

West  Troupsburg,  troops'bfirg,  a  hamlet  of  Stcub«l 
CO.,  N.Y.,  16  miles  S.  of  Canisteo.  i 

West  Troy,  a  station  in  Madison  co..  III.,  on  the  s' 
Louis,  Vandalia  &  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  11)  miles  E.  of  si 
Louis.  '      ''  I 

West  Troy,  a  post-office  of  Iowa  co.,  Iowa.  | 

West  Troy,  a  post-office  of  Waldo  oo..  Me.,  about  ""I 
miles  N.W.  of  Belfast.  '; 

West  Troy,  a  post-town  in  Watervlict  township,  Al 
bany  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Hudson  River,  opposite  Trov.'im! 
on  the  Rensselaer  &  Saratoga  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  iJ 
Albany.  It  contains  9  churches,  a  nntional  bank,  2  or  i 
newspaper  offices,  and  a  largo  national  arsenal.  It  has  I 
woollen-mill,  several  planing-mills,  and  extensive  iiiaiml 
factures  of  bells,  carriages,  iron  castings,  stoves,  and  hin"c<' 
Pop.  in  1890,  12,967.  °    i 

West  Tu'rin,  a  township  of  Lewis  co.,  N.Y.  P.  I844I 

West  Union,  yun'yun,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clark  co.,  III. 
at  Union. 

West  Union,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Fayette  co. 
Iowa,  in  West  Union  township,  about  25  miles  S.  of  Dc  1 
corah.  It  is  on  a  branch  of  the  Burlington,  Cedar  RaiiiJ,: 
A  Northern  Railroad,  36  miles  N.  of  Independence,  ain ! 
also  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Rnilrond.  lii 
is  pleasantly  situated  on  an  undulating  prairie,  and  con^ 
tains  5  churches,  a  court-house,  a  national  bank,  3  iitw 
paper  offices,  and  a  high  school.     Po]>.  in  1890,  1670. 

West  Union,  a  post-office  of  Norton  co.,  Kansas. 

West  Union,  a  post-office  of  Owen  co.,  Ky.  | 

West  Union,  a  post-township  of  Todd  co.,  Minn.,  18 
miles  from  Melrose.     Pop.  335.  ] 

West  Union,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co..  Mo.,  7  milcsi 
N.  of  West  Line.     It  has  2  churches.  | 

West  Union,  a  post-township  forming  the  S.W.  ex-; 
tremity  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  is  about  45  miles  W.  of  El-| 
mira.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  1264.  | 

West  Union,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Adams  co.,  0.,  j 
in  Tiffin  township,  about  33  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Portsmouth,  i 
and  6  miles  N.  of  the  Ohio  River.  It  is  situated  on  aj 
ridge  several  hundred  feet  above  the  level  of  that  river,  j 
It  contains  a  stone  court-house,  a  bank,  2  newspaper  office.",  | 
5  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill. 

West  Union,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Oregon.] 

West  Union,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co..  Pa.  ' 

West  Union,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Doddridge  co., 
W.  Va.,  on  Middle  Island  Creek  and  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  ! 
Railroad,  54  miles  E.  of  Parkersburg.     It  has  2  churches,  ] 
a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  a  tannery,  and  a  flour-  i 
mill.     Pop.  about  600. 

West  Unity,  yu'n?-te,  a  post-village  in  Brady  town- 
ship,  Williams  co.,  0.,  on  the  Mansfield  &  Coldwatcr  Rail- 
road, 50  miles  W.  of  Toledo,  and  10  miles  N.E.  of  Bryan. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  union  school,  a  foundry,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  carriage-shop. 

West  Up 'ton,  a  post- village  in  Upton  township,  Wor- 
cester CO.,  Mass.,  about  12  miles  S.E.  of  Worcester.  It  has 
a  church,  a  shoe-factory,  and  a  large  manufactory  of  ladies' 
and  children's  straw  hats  and  bonnets,  employing  400  per- 
sons or  more. 

West'vale,  a  post-village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  in 
Concord  township,  on  the  Fitchburg  Railroad,  about  3  milei 
AV.  of  Concord,  and  i  mile  from  West  Concord  Junction. 
It  has  a  manufactory  of  flannel  (cotton  and  wool). 

West  Vai'ley,  a  post-hamlet  in  Ashford  township, 
Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  7  miles  W.  of  Machias.  It  has  2 
churches.  . 

West  Vien'na,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oneida  co.,  ^.Y.,  in 
Vienna  township,  on  the  N.  shore  of  Oneida  Lake,  and  on 
the  New  York  A  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  13i  miles  N.". 
of  Oneida.     It  has  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  113.  _ 

West  View,  vu,  a  hamlet  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y.,  iji 
Ossian  township,  7i  miles  E.  of  Nunda.    It  has  a  saw-mill. 

West  View,  a  post-office  of  Cuyah(v;a  co.,  0. 

West  View,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  4  miles 
N.  of  Alleghany  City.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

West  View,  a  hamlet  of  Augusta  co.,  Va.,  2  milos 
from  Swoope's  Depot.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  ionndTy. 

West  VieAV,  a  post-office  of  Goochland  co.,  \  a.,  Ja 
miles  W.  of  Richmond.  , . 

West'ville,  a  post-village  in  New  Haven  towhship, 
New  Haven  co.,  Conn.,  2i  miles  N.W.  of  the  city  of  >ctf 
Haven.  It  is  situated  at  the  southern  base  of  V>  est  RocK, 
which  presents  a  precipice  about  300  feet  high.  It  baa  * 
churches,  a  graded  public  school,  3  paper-mills,  and  manu- 
factures of  matches,  auger-bits,  fruit-baskets,  Ac. 


WES 


2811 


WES 


Westville,  a  post-office  of  Vermilion  cc,  111.,  on  the 
iris  &  Danville  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Danville. 
Wcstville,  a  post-village  ia  Now  Durham  township, 
»  Porte  CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  Louisville,  Now  Albany  <fc  Chi- 
,go  Railroad,  2  miles  from  the  Baltimore  <t  Ohio  Railroad, 
!i  miles  S.  of  Michigan  City,  and  12  miles  W.S.W.  of 
ft  Porte.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  ohair-fao- 
iry,  and  a  grist-mill.     Pop.  640. 

SVestville,  a  post-village  in  Day  township,  Montcalm 
!».,  Mich.,  4i  miles  N.  of  Stanton.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
aning-mill,  and  manufactures  of  lumber  and  shingles, 
pp.  about  250. 

jWestville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Simpson  oo.,  Miss., 
1  miles  S.S.E.  of  Jackson.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a 
^urch,  and  manufactures  of  ploughs  and  wagons. 
i  Westville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chariton  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
fusole  River,  about  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Brunswick.  It  has 
Ichurch. 

i  Westville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
rest  Jersey  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Camden.    It  has  a 

^urch. 
Westville,  a  hamlet  in  Westville  township,  Franklin 
>,,  N.Y.,  on  Salmon  River,  8  miles  N.  of  Bangor.  It  has  a 
liurch.     Here  is  West  Constable  Post-Office.     Pop.  of  the 
Uvnship,  1722. 

Westville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Otsego  co.,  N.Y.,  about  6 
jilcs  S.  by  E.  of  Cooperstown.  It  has  2  churches  and  sev- 
/al  mills. 

jWestville.  a  post-village  in  Mad  River  township, 
fianipaign  co.,  0.,  on  the  railroad  which  connects  Urbana 
fith  Piqua,  4  miles  W.  of  Urbana.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop. 
jout  300. 

( Westville,  a  station  in  Preble  co.,  0.,  on  the  railroad 
btween  Eaton  and  Richmond,  Ind.,  7  miles  S.E.  of  the 
liter. 

West'ville,  a  post-village  in  Pictou  co..  Nova  Scotia,  3 
{.ilcs  from  Albion  Mines.  It  contains  3  hotels  and  a  num- 
pr  of  stores.  Extensive  coal-mines  are  worked  in  the 
icinity.     Pop.  1000. 

(Westville  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Franklin  co., 
I'.Y.,  about  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Malone.  It  has  a  church, 
[flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  starch-factory. 
I  West  Vin'cent,  a  post-township  of  Chester  co..  Pa., 
bout  30  miles  W.N.W.  of  Philadelphia.  Pop.  1256. 
I  West  Virginia,  v§r-jin'e-a,  an  E.  central  state  of  the 
(raorican  Union,  lying  in  the  Appalachian  region,  and 
bunded  N.  by  Pennsylvania  and  Alaryland,  E.  by  Penn- 
plvania  and  Maryland,  S.E.  by  Virginia,  S.W.  by  Virginia 
Ind  Kentucky,  and  N.W.  by  Ohio.  Area,  24,780  square 
|iiles.  It  is  very  irregular  in  outline,  and  sends  out  to  the 
jprthward  a  narrow  point  between  Ohio  and  Pennsylvania, 
jnown  as  the  Panhandle.  From  Ohio  it  is  separated  by 
le  Ohio  River,  from  Kentucky  by  the  Sandy  and  its  Tug 
fork,  from  Maryland  for  the  most  part  by  the  Potomac, 
,'nd  from  Virginia  by  a  series  of  mountain-ranges. 
Face  of  the  Country/. — Much  of  the  surfiice  is  mountainous, 
eing  traversed  by  numbers  of  parallel  ridges  of  the  Ap- 
lachian  Mountains,  such  as  the  Cheat,  Laurel,  Green- 
ier,  Cancanon,  Cowpasture,  Flat  Top,  Rich,  Briery,  Gauley, 
irch,  SewcU,  and  Meadow  Mountains.  These  ridges  are 
nerally  fertile  to  the  top,  with  wooded  sides  ;  and  often 
liere  are  splendid  flat  natural  meadows  or  glades  upon  the 
pountain-tops.  In  some  cases  the  mountains  rise  in  sheer 
Jiffs  of  sandstone,  as  at  points  along  the  New  and  Gauley 
jlivers.  The  wild  and  inspiring  mountain-scenery  of  this 
jtate  arouses  the  enthusiasm  of  every  tourist. 
[  Rivers. — The  Ohio,  Sandy,  Great  and  Little  Kanawha, 
foal,  Monongahela,  Tygart's  Valley,  and  some  other  rivers 
re  navigable  to  a  greater  or  less  extent,  most  of  them 
laving  been  artificially  improved.  Among  the  principal 
[treams  are  the  Greenbrier,  New,  Elk,  Cheat,  Gauley,  Ca- 
bipon,  and  Shenandoah  Rivers,  and  the  various  forks  of 
toe  Potomac. 

!  Geology. — More  than  two-thirds  of  the  area  of  the  state 
b  overlaid  by  the  coal  measures  ;  and  although  the  remain- 
mg  third  (comprising  the  counties  bordering  on  Virginia)  is 
iiainly  of  the  Silurian  and  Devonian  ages,  yet  even  here 
'here  are  detached  beds  of  the  carboniferous,  containing 
ome  of  the  most  valuable  coals  in  the  state.  Such  are  the 
emi-bituminous  coals  of  Hampshire  co.  There  are  re- 
ported beds  of  anthracite  in  Hampshire  and  Morgan  cos. 
•3ut  the  principal  coals  of  the  state  are  bituminous,  and  are 
ound  in  all  the  counties  westward  of  the  easterly  front  of 
(he  main  Alleghany,  Greenbrier,  and  Great  Flat  Top  Moun- 
'ains.  The  coals  are  all  excellent,  and  are  almost  every- 
where abundant.  The  coal  field  covers  16,000  square  miles, 
knd  includes  all  but  six  of  the  fifty-four  counties.     It  Is 


considerably  larger  than  that  of  Pennsylvania.  At  present 
mining  operations  are  conducted  on  a  commercial  scale  ip 
only  sixteen  counties.  The  output  of  coal  in  i:iS9,  accord- 
ing to  the  eleventh  census,  was  6,231,880  tons,  and  the 
annual  production  of  coke  amounts  to  1,000,000  tons.  West 
Virginia  now  ranks  fourth  in  the  quantity  of  coal  mined, 
and  is  surpassed  only  by  Pennsylvania  in  the  produc- 
tion of  coke.  Petroleum  is  extensively  produced,  prin- 
cipally in  the  cos.  of  Ritchie,  Pleasants,  Wood,  and  Wirt. 
Ritchie  co.  has  a  valuable  lode  of  grahaniite,  much  used  as 
a  gas-enricher.  Salt  may  bo  obtained  in  any  desired 
amount  from  the  natural  brines  of  this  sUvte.  There  are 
extensive  deposits  of  iron  ore  and  limestone.  Glass-sand, 
black  flint,  fire-clays,  kaolin,  and  ores  of  copper,  lead,  zinc, 
and  nickel  are  among  West  Virginia's  inexhaustible  miur 
eral  treasures ;  and  she  baa  also  marble,  breccia,  alum,  py- 
rites, and  nitrous  earths  and  oil-bearing  shales  in  abun- 
dance. Among  her  numerous  and  widely  useful  mineral 
waters  are  the  Parkersburg  wells,  Shannondale  Springs^ 
Capon  Springs,  Berkeley  Springs,  Red  Sulphur  Springs, 
Sweet  Springs,  Salt  Sulphur  Springs,  White  Sulphur 
Springs,  and  Blue  Sulphur  Springs,  the  last-mentioned 
having  a  world-wide  reputation. 

Forentt. — A  large  part  of  West  Virginia  is  still  densely 
covered  with  primeval  forests  of  oak,  hemlock,  ash,  tulip, 
walnut,  poplar,  cherry,  locust,  chestnut,  and  other  nobia 
timber  trees.  The  lumber-product  is  very  considerable,  but 
is  capable  of  being  greatly  extended  when  railroads  shall 
have  made  the  timber  more  accessible.  Among  the  forest- 
products  are  charcoal,  tanners'  bark,  Sumach,  <fec.  This 
state  furnishes  a  large  supply  of  ginseng  and  other  uncul- 
tivated medicinal  plants. 

Agriculture. — Not  only  the  valleys  but  the  hillsides 
and  ridges  are  generally  fertile,  and  the  mountain-gladea 
afford  admirable  pasturage.  The  southeastern  valleys 
abound  in  rich  blue-grass ;  and  the  Panhandle  is,  for  its 
area,  one  of  the  richest  agricultural  tracts  in  the  United 
States.  West  Virginia  is  especially  famous  for  her  wool, 
and  every  crop  of  the  northern  and  middle  sections  of  the 
country  thrives  here.  The  great  staples  are  corn,  wheat, 
oats,  and  tobacco.  Fruit  does  finely  here,  and  the  prepara- 
tion of  dried  fruits  is  a  profitable  occupation.  For  silk- 
and  grape-culture  the  climate  appears  to  to  be  unsurpassed. 

Manufactures. — In  1890  the  product  of  pig-iron  was 
108,764  tons,  and  there  were  183,225  tons  of  steel  manu- 
factured. Glass,  leather,  lumber,  salt,  cooperage,  boats, 
spirits,  tobacco-products,  lime,  refined  oil,  carriages,  wagons, 
shoes,  woollens,  and  saddlery  are  the  other  leading  articles 
of  manufacture.  Home-made  fabrics  are  produced  to  a 
considerable  extent.  As  yet,  manufactures  are  compara- 
tively undeveloped,  except  in  the  Ohio  River  towns.  .  The 
water-power  of  the  state  is  very  extensive. 

Jiailroadu,  dtc. — In  1850  there  were  97  miles  in  what  is 
now  this  state;  in  1860,  352  miles;  in  1865,  365  miles;  in 
1870,  387  miles;  in  1875,  615  miles;  in  1880,  694  mileS;; 
in  1885,  1038  miles;  in  1890,  1433  miles.  A  large  part 
of  the  state  is  entirely  without  railroads,  but  the  carriage- 
roads  are  very  generall}'  well  constructed.  Wheeling  and 
Parkersburg  are  the  chief  seats  of  the  river-trade. 

CoHiitiea. — The  state  ia  divided  into  54  counties,  as  fol- 
lows;  Barbour,  Berkeley,  Boone,  Baxter,  Brooke,  Cabell, 
Calhoun,  Clay,  Doddridge,  Fayette,  Gilmer,  Grant,  Green- 
brier, Hampshire,  Hancock,  Hardy,  Harrison,  Jackson, 
Jeflerson,  Kanawba,  Lewis,  Lincoln,  Logan,  McDowell, 
Marion,  Marshall,  Mason,  Mercer,  Mineral,  Monongalia, 
Monroe,  Morgan,  Nicholas,  Ohio,  Pendleton,  Pleasants, 
Pocahontas,  Preston,  Putnam,  Raleigh,  Randolph,  Ritchie, 
Roane,  Summers,  Taylor,  Tucker,  Tyler,  Upshur,  Wayne, 
Wehster,  Wetzel,  Wirt,  Wood,  and  Wyoming. 

The  Principal  Towns  and  Cities  are  Wheeling,  the  prin- 
cipal seat  of  commerce  and  manufactures  (pop.  in  1880, 
30,737;  in  1890,  34,522);  the  Ohio  River  towns  of  Hun- 
tington (pop.  1890,  10,108),  Parkersburg  (8408),  and 
Moundsville  (2688) ;  and  the  interior  towns  of  Charleston, 
the  capital  (6742),  Grafton  (3159),  Clarksburg  f.3008),  Ben- 
wood  (2934),  Hinton  (2570),  New  Cumberland  (2305), 
Charlestown  (2287),  Wellsburg  (2235),  Keyser  (2165), 
Weston  (2143),  besides  Morgantown,  Romney,  Harper's 
Ferry,  and  other  places  of  considerable  importance. 

Government,  <kc. — The  governor,  principal  executive  ofl^- 
oers,  and  senators  are  elected  by  the  people  for  the  term  of 
four  years.  The  legislature  consists  of  a  senate  of  24  and 
a  house  of  delegates  of  65  members.  Voters  must  have  re- 
sided one  year  in  the  state  and  60  days  in  the  county  where 
the  vote  is  cast.  All  important  judicial  officers  are  elected 
by  the  people  for  definite  terms  of  service.  There  is  a  state 
2)enitentiary  at  Moundsville,  an  insane  asylum  at  Westoii, 


WES 


2812 


WES 


and  an  institution  for  tho  deaf  and  dumb  and  the  blind  at 
Rotnney. 

Education. — Free  schools  are  provided  for  by  statute,  and 
are  luaiutained  by  the  income  of  a  school  fund  and  the  pro- 
coeds  of  local  taxation.  Separate  schools  must  bo  provided 
for  colored  pupils.  There  aro  state  and  county  superintend- 
ents of  free  schools.  Marshall  College,  at  Huntington,  is 
the  state  normal  school,  witli  branches  at  Fairmont,  Con- 
cord Church,  AVost  Liberty,  Shepherdstown,  and  Olenville. 
It  is  understood,  however,  that  the  school  sy.^tem  is  un- 
popular and  ineffective.  West  Virginia  University,  at  Mor- 
gantown,  is  a  state  institution.  Bethany  College,  at  Beth- 
any (Disciples),  and  West  Virginia  College,  at  Flemington 
(Free  Baptist),  are  schools  of  good  reputation.  There  are 
also  many  Roman  Catholic  schools. 

HUtori/. — In  consequence  of  the  passage  of  the  ordinance 
of  secession  by  Virginia  in  1861,  the  people  of  the  western 
section  of  the  state  at  once  took  measures  for  the  organiza- 
tion of  a  new  state  government.  In  this  section  slavery 
never  had  a  strong  foothold.  There  was  a  long-standing 
political  jealousy  towards  the  people  of  the  remainder  of 
Virginia,  and  a  large  majority  of  the  people  were  friends 
of  the  national  cause.  In  1861  a  constitution  was  framed, 
in  1862  it  was  accepted  by  the  people  and  by  Congress,  and 
in  1863  AVest  Virginia  began  her  existence  as  a  new  state. 
Several  active  campaigns  were  fought  here  during  the  war 
of  1861-65,  in  which  contest  the  people  of  this  state  bore 
an  active  part  on  the  national  side. 

The  Population  of  what  is  now  West  Virginia,  in  1860, 
•was  376,688,  of  whom  18,371  were  slaves;  pop.  in  1870, 
442.014;  in  1880,618,467;  in  1890,  762,794. 

West  Walworth,  wol'wprth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne 
CO.,  N.Y.,  about  18  miles  E.  of  Rochester.  It  has  2  churches. 

West'ward  Ho,  a  watering-place  of  Devonshire,  Eng- 
land, in  Bideford  Bay.  It  has  a  largo  hotel,  and  the  United 
Service  College,  which  was  opened  in  1875. 

West  Wartlsboroiigh,  wardz'bur-rtih,  a  post-hamlet 
in  Wardsborough  township,  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  about  32 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Bennington.  It  has  a  church  and  1  or  2 
lumber-mills. 

West  Ware,  a  station  in  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Springfield,  Athol  k  Northeastern  Railroad,  23  miles  N.E. 
of  Springfield. 

West  VVareham,  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.    See  Tremont. 

W^est  War'ren,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 
in  Warren  township,  on  the  Chicopeo  River  and  the  Boston 
&  Albany  Railroad,  23  miles  E.N.E.  of  Springfield,  and  30 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Worcester.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manu- 
factures of  cotton  and  edge-tools. 

West  Warren,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa., 
about  15  miles  S.  of  Owego,  N.Y. 

West  Washington,  wpsh'ing-t^n,  a  post-ofiice  of 
Knox  CO.,  Me.,  20  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Augusta. 

West  Wat'erford,  a  village  on  the  Rensselaer  <t  Sar- 
atoga Railroad,  lOJ  miles  N.  of  Albany,  N.Y.     Pop.  441. 

West  Waterford,  a  post-office  of  Caledonia  co.,  Vt., 
about  5  miles  S.S.E.  of  St.  Johnsbury. 

West  Wat'erville,  now  Oakland,  a  post-villnge  in 
West  Wiiterville  township,  Kennebec  co.,  Me.,  on  the  Maine 
Central  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Somerset  Rail- 
road, 6  miles  W.  of  Waterville,  and  about  18  miles  N.  of 
Augusta.  It  is  at  the  N.  end  of  a  lake  which  is  nearly  7 
miles  long.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  high  school,  a  national 
bank,  a  savings-bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.  It  has  a 
foundry,  and  manufactures  of  axes,  scythes,  carriages, 
chairs,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  2044. 

West  Watson,  Allegan  co.,  Mich.    See  Abronia. 

West  Web'ster,  a  post-village  in  Webster  township, 
Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  3  miles  from  AVebster,  and  about  8  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Rochester.     It  has  2  churches. 

West'wego,  a  station  of  the  New  Orleans  <fc  Texas  Rail- 
road, 6  miles  W.  of  New  Orleans. 

Westwezel,  a  village  of  Belgium.    See  AVUstwezel. 

West  Wheat'field,  a  township  of  Indiana  co..  Pa. 
Pop.  1318. 

West  Wheei'ing,  a  village  in  Pultncy  township,  Bel- 
mont CO.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  nearly  opposite  AVheeling. 
Pop.  in  1890,  674. 

West  White'Iand,  a  post-township  of  Chester  cc. 
Pa.     Pop.  1 1 77.    West  AVhiteland  Post-Office  is  at  Oakland. 

West  Wichita,  Sedgwick  co.,  Kansas.    See  Delano. 

West  Williamsfield,  wil'yaraz-feeld.  a  post-hamlet 
of  Ashtabula  co.,  0.,  about  30  miles  N.  of  Youngstown. 

West  Wil'lington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tolland  co.. 
Conn.,  on  the  AVillimantio  River  and  the  New  London 
Northern  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  by  \f.  of  AVillimantic.  It 
has  a  church. 


West  Wil'low,  a  station  of  tho  Quarryville  Brum 
Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  Lancaster,  Pa. 

West  Willow,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  oo.,  Pa 

West  %Vil'ton,  a  post-office  of  llillaborouKh  oo  N  II 
about  22  miles  AV.H.AV.  of  Manchester.  "' 

West  Win'chester,  a  post-villugo  in  Dundoaco.,  Oi 
tario,  18  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Morrisburg,  and  16  iuilc«  K.  »! 
Osgoode.  It  contains  several  stores,  and  a  grist-  and  »«« 
mill.     Pop.  260.  I 

West  Windham,  wind'am,  a  post-hamlctof  Rockinn! 
ham  CO.,  N.II.,  on  the  Nashua  A  Rochester  llailroiid  «i 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Nashua.     Pop.  about  200.  '    | 

West  Windham,  a  post-office  of  Bradford  eo.,  Pa 
about  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Elmira.  '  ; 

West  Windsor,  win'zgr,  a  post-office  of  Kennebec  co 
Me.,  about  9  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Augusta.  j 

West  Windsor,  Eaton  co.,  Mich.    See  Skvastopoi..  ; 

West  Windsor,  township,  Mercer  co.,  N.J.    p.  I4jsi 

West  Windsor,  or  Still'son  Hollow,  a  pon-lmmi 
let  of  Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  in  AVindsor  township,  8  milea  1! 
of  Binghamton.     It  has  2  churches.  j 

West  Windsor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richland  co.,  0., 
miles  N.E.  of  Mansfield,  and  1  mile  from  AVindsor  SUitiun! 
It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  100.  j 

West  Windsor,  township,  AVindsor  co.,  Vt.   Pop.  70S 

West  Win'field,  a  post-village  in  AVinficId  townshii 
Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  k  \Ve.«t 
ern  Railroad,  21  miles  (16  miles  by  carriage-road)  S.  ol 
Utica.  It  has  4  churches,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  oflut 
a  national  bank,  2  grist-mills,  a  tannery,  and  ninnufat'turc 
of  cheese,  sash,  blinds,  Ac.  Pop.  about  COO.  The  townslii] 
is  intersected  by  the  Chester  A'^alley  Railroad,  and  contain 
a  marble-quarry.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1177. 

West  VVin'sted,  a  post-village  in  AVinehester  town 
ship,  Litchfield  co..  Conn.,  contiguous  to  AVinsted,  on  thi 
Connecticut  AVestern  Railroad,  30  miles  N.  of  AVatcrburyj 
and  about  30  miles  N.AV.  of  Hartford.  It  is  a  part  of  thil 
borough  of  AA'insted.  It  has  gas-works  and  water-works,  ;1 
churches,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  I  other  bunk,  a- 
graded  school,  a  weekly  newspaper,  and  manufactures  ofj 
pocket-  and  table-cutlery,  edge-tools,  scythes,  hoes,  leather 
carriage-springs,  cabinet  hardware,  Ac.  Pop.  about  2i0l)  i 
Here  is  a  lake  which  is  3  miles  long,  at  an  elevation  of 
150  feet  above  the  village,  and  furnishes  abundant  water-j 
power. 

West  Win'terport,  a  post-office  of  AA'aldo  co..  Me.,  ISi 
miles  S.AV.  of  Bangor. 

West'wood,  a  post-office  of  Kalkaska  co.,  Mich.,  od| 
the  Grand  Rapids  A  Indiana  Railroad,  43 J  milea  S.  of  | 
Petoskey. 

Westwood,  a  post-village  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  on  tho: 
New  Jersey  A  New  York  Railroad,  22  miles  N.  of  New  York.  | 
Pop.  about  400.  ' 

Westwood,  a  village  in  Green  township,  Hamilton 
CO.,  0.,  is  a  suburb  of  Cincinnati,  adjacent  to  Cheviot,  and  I 
containing  Cheviot  Post-Office,  about  3  miles  N.AV.  from! 
the  central  part  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  4  churches  and  a 
graded  school.     Pop.  in  1890,  1050, 

West'wood,  or  As'phodel,  a  post-village  in  Peter- 
borough CO.,  Ontario,  11  miles  N.E.  of  Keene,  and  23  mile): 
E.  of  Peterborough.  It  contains  a  store  and  2  saw-milU. 
Pop.  100. 

West  Wood'stock,  a  post-village  in  AVoodstock  town- 
ship, AVindham  co..  Conn.,  37  miles  N.E.  of  Hartford,  and 
about  30  miles  N.  of  Norwich.  It  has  3  churches.  It  is 
surrounded  by  beautiful  ponds,  high  hills,  and  wild  gorge?, 
and  commands  an  extensive  view.  AVest  AVoodstock  pan.-h 
contains  5  churches,  13  lumber-mills,  a  tannery,  and  » 
manufactory  of  cassiraere. 

West  Wood'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clermont  co.,  0., 
2  miles  from  Level  Station,  and  about  35  miles  N.E.  of  Cin 
cinnati.     It  has  1  or  2  churches.     Pop.  72. 

West  Woolwich,  Ontario.    See  Elmira. 

West  Wor'thington,  a  post-hamlet  in  AA'orthm^^ton 
township,  Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  about  16  miles  E.  of  P'.tts- 
field.     It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw- mill,  Ac. 

West  Wren'tham,  a  post-hamlet  of  Norfolk  co., 
Ma.«s.,  16  miles  N.  of  Providence. 

West  Wynnton,  win'tQn,  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  co., 
Fla. 

West  Yarmouth,  yar'muth,  a  post-village  of  Barn- 
stable CO.,  Mass.,  in  Yarmouth  township,  on  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  2i  miles  from  Hyannis,  and  about  40  miles  h.  o2 
New  Bedford.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  400. 

West  York,  a  station  and  hamlet  on  the  Paru  4  IJan- 
ville  Railroad,  15i  miles  S.  of  Marshall,  HI. 

West  York'shire,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cattaraugui  co. 


WES 


2813 


WEX 


Y.,  on  Cattaraugus  Creek,  2  miles  from  Yorkshire  Sta- 
in, which  is  on  the  Buffalo,  New  York  <t  Philadelphia 
lilroad,  38  miles  S.S.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  a  cheeso- 
tory. 

VVestzaan,  wist'zsVn,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
)rth  Holland,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Haarlem,  on  the  Y.  Pop. 
commune,  244S. 

West  Zanesville,  zanz'vll,  a  post-village  of  Mus- 
ngum  CO.,  0.,  on  the  Muskingum  River,  opposite  Zanos- 
lle,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  a  bridge.  It  is  the 
li  ward  of  Zanesville.  Here  are  workshops  of  the  Bal- 
iiore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  and  a  chair-factory.     Pop.  1744. 

fWetaug,  we'tawg,  a  post-village  of  Puhuski  co.,  III.,  on 

jo  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  24  miles  N.  of  Cairo.     It  has 

Khurch,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 
Wet  Glaze,  a  post-office  of  Camden  eo.,  Mo. 
Weth'erby,  a  town  and  chapelry  of  England,  co.  of 

jark.  West  Riding,  on  the  Wharfe,  with  a  station  on  the 

()rk  A  Harrogate  Railway,  7i  miles  S.E.  of  Harrogate, 
.p.  1657. 

Weth'ered'ville,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md., 
jout  6  miles  W.N.W.  of  Baltimore.  Pop.  350. 
»Veth'ersfield,  a  post-village  in  Wethersfield  town- 
lip,  Hartford  co..  Conn.,  on  a  plain  on  the  W.  bank  of  the 
jnnecticut  River,  and  on  the  Connecticut  Valley  Railroad, 
!  miles  S.  of  Hartford.  The  Connecticut  state  prison  is 
catcd  here.  The  village  has  3  churches,  and  manufac- 
ires  of  hosiery,  ito.  Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  2271. 
Wethersfield,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wethersfield  township, 
'enry  co..  III.,  31  miles  N.E.  of  Galesburg,  and  about  1 
ile  S.  of  Kewanee.  It  has  a  church  and  a  carriage-shop, 
op.  of  the  township,  1247. 

Wethersfield,  a  post-hamlet  in  AYethersfield  town- 
lip,  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y.,  about  50  miles  S.S.W.  of  Roches- 
!r.    It  has  a  cheese-factory.    Pop.  170  ;  of  township,  1259. 
Wethersfield  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyoming 
f).,  N.Y.,  6   miles  S.W.  of  Warsaw,  and  about  38  miles 
k.S.E.  of  Buffalo.     It  has  2  churches. 
Wetluga,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Vetlooga. 
Wet'raure,  a  post-village  of  Custer  co..  Col.,  about  25 
liles  W.  by  S.  of  Pueblo.     It  has  a  custom-mill  and  gen- 
ral  stores.     Pop.  about  75. 

Wetmore,  a  post- village  and  towiiship  of  Nemaha  co., 
tansixs,  on  the  Central  Branch  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  42 
liles  W.  of  Atchison.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  about  350  ; 
f  the  township,  522. 

Wetmore,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co.,  0.,  in  Scioto 
jwnship,  on  the  Scioto  River,  and  on  the  Scioto  Valley 
lailroad,  17  miles  N.  of  Portsmouth. 

Wetmore,  a  post-hamlet  of  McKean  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
*hiladelphia  &  Erie  Railroad,  24  miles  E.S.E.  of  Warren. 
':t  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  pail-factory.  Pop.  of  township,  721. 
i  Weto'iia,  a  po^-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ala. 

Wetona,  a  post-hamlet  in  Springfield  township,  Brad- 
ford CO.,  Pa.,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Troy.     It  has  a  church. 
[  Wetter,  w'St'ter,  a  river  of  Germany,  in  Hesse,  after  a 
ft.W.  and  S.  course  of  35  miles,  joins  the  Nidda. 
I   Wet'ter,  a  lake  of  Sweden,  is  between  lat.  57°  50'  and 
8°  55'  N.  and  Ion.  14°  and  15°  E.,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Lake 
iVener,  and  enclosed  by  the  tens  of  Mariestad,  Jonkoping, 
^inkiiping,  and  Orebro.  Length,  80  miles ;  average  breadth, 
0  miles.     Height  above  the  sea,  295  feet.     In  some  places 
t  is  70  fathoms  deep,  and  it  is  often  agitated  by  storms  and 
udden  variations  in  its  level,  but  it  is  of  high  utility  for 
nternal  traffic,   being  connected  by  a  canal  with    Lake 
iVener,  by  which  and  the  Motala  River,  serving  as  an  out- 
et  for  its  surplus  waters  on  the  E.,  it  completes  the  inland 
avigation  between  the  Baltic  Sea  and  the  Cattegat. 
Wetter,  a  town  of  Germany,  Hesse-Cassel,  on  an  afflu- 
nt  of  the  Ohm,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Marburg.     Pop.  1129. 
Wetter,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Westphalia,  on  the 
[Ruhr,  near  Arnsborg.     Pop.  2933. 

Wet'ter,  or  Wetta,  w^t'ti,  an  island  of  the  Malay 
rchipelago,  30  miles  N.  of  Timor.     Lat.  of  the  town  of 
>au,  on  the  S.E.  side,  8°  5'  S. ;  Ion.  126°  12'  E.     Length, 
from  N.E.  to  S.W.,  60  miles ;  breadth,  30  miles. 

Wetteren,  'S-Jt'teh-r^n,  a  market-town  of  Belgium, 
province  of  East  Flanders,  on  the  Scheldt,  8  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Ghent,  on  the  railway  to  Mechlin.  Pop.  9358.  It  has 
manufactures  of  woollens  and  cottons. 

Wetterhorn,  ■frSt't^r-honn^  ("peak  of  tempests"),  one 
of  the  Alpine  Mountains  of  the  Bernese  Oborland,  Swit- 
zerland, between  the  valleys  of  Hasli  and  Grindelwald,  N. 
of  the  Schreckhorn.     Height,  12,162  feet. 

Wettiii,  \^5t-teen',  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  on  the 
Saalc,  10  miles  N.AV.  of  Halle.  Pop.  3399.  It  has  an  ancient 
custle,  and  manufactures  of  chiecory,  tobacco,  and  oil. 


Wettingen,  *5t'ting-?n,  a  village  and  parish  of  Swit- 
zerland, canton  of  Aargau,  in  a  plain,  1  mile  S.E.  of  Baden. 

Wettolsheim,  \Vdt'tols-hime\  a  village  of  Germany, 
in  Alsace,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Colmar.     Pop.  1485. 

Wetumpka,  we-turap'kah,  a  post-town,  capital  of  El- 
more CO.,  Ala.,  on  the  Coosa  River,  at  the  head  of  steam-; 
boat  navigation,  15  miles  N.N.E.  of  Montgomery.  It  has 
6  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  2  seminaries,  and  the  state 
penitentiary.     Much  cotton  is  shipped  here. 

Wetumpka  Creek,  Alabama,  runs  southeastward,  and 
enters  Euchce  Creek  in  Russell  co. 

Wet'zel,  a  county  in  the  N.  p.T,rt  of  West  Virginia, 
bordering  on  Pennsylvania,  has  an  area  of  about  400  squaro 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Ohio  River,  whi;h 
separates  it  from  the  state  of  Ohio,  and  is  drained  by  Fish- 
ing Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  extensively  covered 
with  forests  of  the  hickory,  ash,  oak,  sugar-maple,  tulip- 
tree,  (fee.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  lumber, 
butter,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products.  Bituminous  coal 
is  found  here.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Baltimore 
<t  Ohio  Railroad.  Capital,  New  Martinsville.  Valuation 
of  real  and  personal  estate,  $1,857,159.  Pop.  in  1870,  8595, 
of  whom  8281  were  Americans;  in  1880,  13,896. 

Wetzel,  a  post-office  of  Edgar  co..  III.,  on  the  Paris  & 
Danville  Railroad,  6i  miles  N.  of  Paris. 

Wetzlar,  *6ts'lar,  a  walled  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
42  miles  E.N.E.  of  Coblentz,  on  the  Lahn.  Pop.  6837.  It 
was  formerly  a  free  city  of  the  empire.  It  has  a  cathedral, 
and  manufactures  of  leather,  gloves,  and  hosiery. 

Wcvelghem,  '^i'v?l-gh5m\  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
West  Flanders,  2  miles  E.N.E.  of  Menin.     Pop.  4019. 

Wevelinghofen,  ♦4'v?h-ling-ho'f§n,  a  village  of 
Rhenish  Prussia,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Dusseldorf.     Pop.  2645. 

We'ver,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lee  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Bur- 
lington &  Southwestern  Railroad,  11  miles  S.W.  of  Bur- 
lington.    It  has  a  church. 

We'verton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Potomac  River,  and  on  the  Baltimore  &,  Ohio  Railroad,  at 
its  junction  with  the  Washington  County  Branch,  24  miles 
S.  of  Hagerstown,  and  2  miles  E.  of  Harper's  Ferry.  It 
has  2  churches. 

We'vertown,  a  post-village  of  Warren  oo.,  N.Y.,  ia 
Johnsburg  township,  49  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Saratoga  Springs. 
It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  3 
stores.     Pop.  about  250. 

Wewahitch'ka,  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  co.,  Fla. 

We  Wo  Ka,  a  post-hamlet  of  the  Seminole  Nation,  In- 
dian Territory,  70  miles  from  Eufaula.     It  has  2  churches. 

Wex'ford,  a  maritime  county  of  Ireland,  in  the  S.  part 
of  Lcinster,  having  on  the  E.  and  S.  the  Irish  Sea  and  St. 
George's  Channel.  Area,  901  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1881, 
123,854.  The  surface,  hilly  or  mountainous  in  the  N.W., 
declines  to  a  level  plain  along  the  coast.  The  Slaney  in- 
tersects the  county  in  its  centre.  Limestone  is  the  chief 
mineral  product.  The  fisheries  are  of  importance.  The 
Southeastern  Railway  is  prolonged  throughout  the  valley 
of  the  Slaney,  past  Wexford  and  Enniscorthy,  which,  with 
New  Ross,  Gorey,  and  Newtown-Barry,  are  the  principal 
towns.     It  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Wexford,  a  seaport  town  of  Ireland,  capital  of  th« 
above  county,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Slaney,  where  it 
expands  into  Wexford  Harbor  and  is  crossed  by  a  bridge 
733  feet  in  length,  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Enniscorthy,  and  64 
miles  S.W.  of  Dublin.  Pop.  in  1881,  12,163.  Muchoftho 
town  consists  of  narrow,  crooked,  and  dirty  lanes  ;  but  the 
quay  and  one  or  two  other  streets  are  lined  with  good  houses. 
Here  are  some  remains  of  ancient  walls,  of  an  abbey,  and 
other  ecclesiastical  edifices.  Wexford  has  Protestant,  di- 
ocesan, and  other  schools,  a  chamber  of  commerce,  several 
banks,  some  malting  establishments,  ship-building  docks, 
and  an  active  export  trade  in  cattle,  dairy  and  agricultural 
produce,  timber,  tallow,  hides,  cotton  yarn  and  wool,  to- 
bacco, and  provisions.  It  sends  one  member  to  the  House 
of  Commons. 

Wex'ford,  a  county  of  Michigan,  in  the  N.W.  part  of 
the  lower  peninsula,  has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Manistee  River,  and  is  also  drained  by 
Pine  River.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and 
a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  sugar- 
maple,  and  other  trees.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  potatoes, : 
Ac,  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by 
the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad.  Capital,  Cadillac, 
Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $931,279.  Pop.  ia , 
1870,  650,  of  whom  588  were  Americans;  in  1880,  6815. 

Wexford,  a  township  of  Wexford  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  219. 

Wexford,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hanover  township,  Wex- 
ford 00.,  Mich.,  6  miles  N.  of  Sherman,   ^cre  ia  a  church. 


WEX 


2»14 


WlIA 


Wexford,  a  post-hamlot  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  in  Pino 
townshin,  14  miles  N.N.W.  of  Pittsburg. 

Wex'ford,  a  post-village  in  York  oo.,  Ontario,  about  9 
miles  N.E.  of  Toronto.     It  has  2  stores.     Pop.  160. 

Wexio,  or  Vcxio,  ■ft6k'she-o,  a  town  of  Sweden,  capi- 
tal of  the  hen  of  Kronoberg,  on  Lake  Sodre,  60  miles 
AV.N.W.  of  Kalmar.  Pop.  4311.  It  has  a  line  cathedral, 
a  college  with  a  library  of  15,000  volumes  and  cabinets  of 
medals,  manufactures  of  carpets,  and  several  important 
annual  fairs. 

Wey,  wi,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Dorset,  after  a  S.E. 
course,  enters  the  English  Channel  between  Weymouth  and 
Melcombe-Regis. 

Wey,  a  river  of  England,  cos.  of  Hants  and  Surrey, 
rises  near  Selborno,  flows  N.E.  past  Godalining,  Guildford, 
nnd  Wey  bridge,  and  joins  the  Thames  2  miles  S.E.  of 
Chertsey.     Length,  40  miles. 

Weyanoke,  wi'an-Ok,  a  post-oifico  of  Charles  City  co., 
Va.,  on  the  James  River,  about  30  miles  S.E.  of  llichmond. 

Weyauwega,  wi^iw-we'gah,  a  post-village  in  Weyau- 
wega  township,  Waupaca  co.,  Wis.,  on  the  outlet  of  White 
Lake,  about  1  mile  W.  of  Wolf  River,  and  on  the  Wiscon- 
sin Central  Railroad,  27  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Menasha,  and 
30  miles  N.W.  of  Oshkosh.  It  has  water-power,  a  bank,  3 
or  more  churches,  a  newspa))er  ofiSce,  a  flour-mill,  a  high 
school,  a  paper-mill,  and  a  lumber-mill.  Pup.  815;  of  the 
township,  498  additional. 

,  Weybridge  (wa'brij)  Lower  Falls,  a  post-hamlet 
of  Addison  co.,  Vt.,  on  Otter  Creek,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Middle- 
bury.     It  has  2  churches.     Here  is  beautiful  scenery. 

W'eyda,  a  town  of  Germany.     See  Wkida. 

Weyer,  *i'§r  or  wire,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Styria, 
on  the  Ens,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Steyer.  Pop.  1200,  mostly 
euiploj'ed  in  iron-  and  steel-manufactories. 

Weyer's  (wl'erz)  Cave,  a  post-office  of  Augusta  co., 
Va.,  on  the  Valley  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Rail- 
road, 12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Staunton.  It  is  6  miles  from  the 
celebrated  cave  of  this  name. 

Weyersheim,  ^i'^rs-hime'  (Fr.  pron.  vi'yfins^Sm'),  a 
village  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  10  miles  N.  of  Strasburg. 
Pop.  of  commune,  2195. 

Weymouth  (wi'muth)  with  Mel'combe-Re'gis, 
a  parliamentary  and  municipal  borough  and  seaport  of 
England,  co.  of  Dorset,  comprising  the  town  and  parish  of 
Weymouth  and  the  town  and  parish  of  Melcombe-Regis,  the 
former  on  the  S.  and  the  latter  on  the  N.  side  of  the  mouth 
of  the  Wey,  which  forms  the  port.  3  miles  N.  of  the  Isle 
of  Portland,  and  8  miles  S.  of  Dorchester.  Lat.  of  Wey- 
mouth, 50°  36' N. ;  Ion.  2°  26' W.  Pop.  of  Weymouth,  5007  ; 
of  Melcombe-Regis,  8252.  (See  Melcombe-Rkcis.)  AVey- 
mouth  is  old  and  indifferently  built.  The  towns  communi- 
cate by  a  stone  bridge  of  two  arches,  with  a  swing  in  the 
centre  to  admit  shipping,  and  Melcombe-Regis  is  the  ter- 
minus of  the  London  &,  Southwestern  Railway.  The  har- 
bor has  about  14  feet  of  water  at  high  tides ;  small  vessels 
only  can  lie  close  to  the  quad's,  but  there  is  good  anchorage 
in  the  bay  in  7  or  8  fathoms  of  water.  Some  ship-building 
and  rope-  and  sail-making  are  carried  on.  Portliind  stone, 
tiles,  bricks,  and  Roman  cement  are  exported.  Weymouth 
is  the  station  of  the  mail-packets  for  Guernsey,  to  which  it 
is  the  nearest  English  port,  70  miles  distant.  The  climate 
is  very  suitable  for  invalids,  being  equable,  and  sufficiently 
mild  in  winter  for  geraniums  and  myrtles  to  flourish  in  the 
open  air.  Weymouth  is  the  seat  of  a  medico-chirurgical 
society.  It  has  races  and  a  regatta  annually.  The  bor- 
ough sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Weymouth,  wi'muth,  a  post-vill.agc  in  Weymouth 
township,  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Old  Colony  Railroad, 
12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Boston.  It  has  4  churches,  a  national 
bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  high  school,  an  iron-foundry, 
and  a  savings-bank.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  Massachusetts  Bay,  It  contains  other  villages,  named 
North  AVeymouth,  South  AVeymouth,  and  East  AVeymouth, 
nnd  has  15  churches,  2  high  schools,  2  national  banks, 
and  extensive  manufactures  of  boots  and  shoes,  nails,  &c. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  10,866. 

Weymouth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Atlantic  co.,  N.J.,  on 
Orenst  Egg  Harbor  River,  about  6  miles  N.AA^,  of  May's 
Landing.  It  has  a  church,  and  a  manufactory  of  manila 
paper. 

Weymouth,  a  post-hamlet  of  Medina  co.,  0.,  5  miles 
N.E.  of  Medina,  and  about  17  miles  N.AA^.  of  Akron.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Weymouth,  wA'mfith,  a  seaport  town  of  Nova  Scotia, 
CO.  of  Digby,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Sissiboo  River  into  St. 
Mary's  Bay,  opposite  New  Edenborough,  and  20  miles  from 
Digby.    The  inhabitants,   mostly   of  French   origin,   are 


principally  engaged  in  the  fisheries,  for  which  the  nciijl 
boring  waters  are  celebrated.  AVeymouth  is  a  port  of  oiitr 
and  contains  a  branch  bank,  several  ship-yards,  ami  4  storj 
Pop.  400.  About  1  mile  distant  is  the  village  of  Woytnoul 
Bridge,  which  contains  several  saw-,  grist-,  and  cardiu" 
mills,  and  7  or  8  stores.     Po]).  400.  ° 

Wey'mouth  Cape,  Northeast  Australia,  is  in  lat  12 
37'  30"  S.,  Ion.  143°  27'  6"  E.     Height,  360  feet. 

Weypert,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Wkii'kiit.  1 

Weyre,  wir  or  wAr,  a  fortified  town  of  India, .lominion,! 
and  25  miles  S.AV.  of  Bhurtpoor.  It  has  a  largo  furl,  somd 
sculptures,  and  a  Hindoo  college. 

Wezenberg,  wait's(}n-b6uo,  a  town  of  Russia,  govcrn-i 
ment  of  Esthonia,  capital  of  a  circle,  00  miles  ESE  of 
Revel.     Pop.  1560. 

Wczikon,  *6t'so-kon,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Zurich.  Pop.  of  parish,  4260,  mostly 
weavers. 

Wha'lan,   a  post-village  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Holt  township,  on  Root  River  and  the  Southern  Minnesota; 
Railroad,  50  miles  AV.  of  La  Crosse,  AVis.   It  has  an  elevator,  i 
a  flour-mill,  and  4  general  stores.  ' 

Whale  Peak,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  main  range  of 
the  Rocky  Mountivins,  in  lat.  39°  30'  N.,  Ion.  105°  51'  28" 
W.     It  has  an  altitude  of  13,104  feet  above  the  soa-lcvcl. 

Wha'len,  a  post- village  in  Middlesex  co.,  Ontario,  3 
miles  from  Granton.     Pop.  180. 

Whale's  Back,  a  small  island  at  the  E.  side  of  tho 
entrance  to  Portsmouth  harbor,  N.ll.  On  it  is  a  light- 
house 68  feet  high,  containing  two  fixed  lights,  one  10  I'ecl 
above  the  other.     Lat.  43°  2'  30"  N;  Ion.  70°  42'  4a"  W. 

Wha'ley's,  a  station  in  Bowie  co.,  Tex.,  on  the  Texas 
A  Pacific  Railroad  (Trans-Continental  division),  17  milea 
AAT.N.AV.  of  Texarkana. 

Wha'leysville,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVorccstor  co.,  Mil., 
on  the  AVicomico  &  Pocomoke  Railroad,  16  miles  E.  of  Salis- 
bury.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 

Whal'ley,  an  extensive  parish  of  England,  cos.  of  Lan- 
caster, Chester,  and  York,  on  the  Manchester  A  Clithcroo 
Railway,  contains  the  borough  of  Clitheroe  and  •'!  market- 
towns  in  the  co.  of  Lancaster.  Pop.  192,532.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Liverpool  &  Leeds  Canal.  The  church,  a 
spacious  building,  with  fine  internal  decoration,  formerly 
belonged  to  an  abbey,  established  here  in  1296. 

Whallonsburg,  wha'lonz-burg,  a  post-vill«ge  of  Es- 
sex CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Boquet  River  and  the  New  York  A 
Canada  Railroad,  33  miles  S.  of  Plattsburg,  and  3  miles  AV. 
of  Lake  Champlain.  It  has  a  church,  and  manufactures 
of  carriages,  flour,  lumber,  sash,  Ac. 

Whal'say,  one  of  the  Shetland  Lslands,  Scotland. 
Length,  from  N.E.  to  S.AV.,  5J  miles  ;  breadth,  2  miles.  Pop. 
854.  The  shores  are  rocky  and  deeply  indented.  The  soil 
is  among  the  most  productive  in  Shetland. 

Wham^po'a,  a  port  of  China,  on  an  island  of  the  same 
name,  12  miles  E.  of  Canton.  It  has  foundries,  machine- 
shops,  Ac. 

\Vharf  Point,  a  station  in  Marin  eo.,  Cal.,  on  Tomale* 
Bay  and  the  North  Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  41  miles  N.AV. 
of  San  Francisco. 

Whar'ton,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
area  of  about  1000  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  tho 
Colorado  River,  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  San  Bernard 
River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Mustang  Creek.  The  surfacs 
is  diversified  with  prairies  and  woodlands.  The  soil  is 
partly  fertile.  Cotton  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Capital,  AVharton.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal 
estate,  $440,120.  Pop.  in  1870,  3426,  of  whom  3397  were 
Americans;  in  1880,  4649. 

Wharton  (formerly  Whartonsburg),  a  post-village 
of  A\''yandot  CO.,  0.,  on  the  CincinniUi,  Sandusky  A  Cleve- 
land Railroad,  23  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Tiffin.  It  ha.<  a  church, 
a  flour-mill,  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  in  1880,  399. 

Wharton,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1704. 

Wharton,  a  post-township  of  Potter  co.,  Pa.,  about  10 
miles  E.  of  Emporium.     Pop.  287. 

Wharton,  a  post-village,  capital  of  AVharton  co..  Tex., 
on  the  Colorado  River,  about  52  miles  S.AV.  of  Houston. 

What  Cheer,  a  coal-mining  city  of  Keokuk  co.,  Iowa, 
on  two  railroads,  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Oskaloosa.  It  hiii 
fevcral  churches,  3  newspaper  office.',  and  numerous  busi- 
ness concerns.     Pop.  in  1880,  719;   in  1890,  3246. 

Whatcom,  what'k^m,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of 
AVashington,  borders  on  British  Columbia.  Area,  estimated 
at  2468  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  AV.  by  the  Gulf 
of  Georgia,  nnd  intersected  by  the  Skagit  River.  The  snr- 
fnce  is  partly  mountainous,  and  covered  with  extcn.-uve 
forests  of  fir,  cedar,  and  other  trees,  which  grow  to  a  great 


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In  tho  eastern  part  of  the  county,  Mount  Baker,  a 

jjik  of  the  Ciiseade  Range,  rises  to  tho  height  of  about 

lOOO  feet.     The  soil  is  adapted  to  pasturage.     Wool,  but- 

tj,  potatoes,  and  oats  are  the  staple  products.     Limestone 

'ound  in  this  county.     Capital,  Whatcom.    Valuation  of 

1  and  personal  estate,  $177,158.     Pop.  in  1870,  534,  of 

4Mn  341  were  Americans;  in  1880,  3137, 

hatcom,  a  post-village,  capital  of    Whatcom   co., 

hington,  is  situated  on  the  N.E.  shore  of  Beilingham 

,y,  about  150  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Olympia.      It  has  a  church 

a  newspaper  office.     Coal  Is  mined  here. 

''hateiy,  what'le,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Mass., 

Whately  township,  on  the  Connecticut  River  Railroad, 

miles  N.  of  Springfield.     It  has  2  churches,  and  manu- 

itures  of  brooms  and  brush-handles.     Pop.  of  the  town- 

,958. 

I'hat'paw,  a  small  river  of  Marathon  co.,  Wis.,  flows 
io  the  Wisconsin  River  on  its  right  bank. 
jWheat'field,  a  post-village  of  Sangamon  co..  111.,  near 
Inosville  Station  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  17  miles  E. 
f  Springfield.     It  has  a  church. 

WheatJield,  a  township  of  Jasper  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  103. 
•WheatJield,  a  township  of  Ingham  co.,  Mich.    P.  942. 
M'heatfteld,  a  township  of  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.     Pop. 
.08.     It  contains  Martinsville  and  part  of  Tonawanda. 
rVVheatfield,  a  township  of  Perry  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  780. 
Wheatfield,  a  post-office  of  Shenandoah  co.,  Va. 
;>Theat'head,  a  township  of  Will  co..  111.     Pop.  1133. 
jWheat'land,  a  post-village  of  Yuba  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
regon  division  of  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  40  miles 
L  of  Sacramento.     It  baa  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
bank,  and  2  flour-mills.     Pop.  in  1890,  ftlio. 
I  Wheatland  5  a  post-village  of  Alexander  co..  III.,  on 
:e  Mississippi  River,  about  13  miles  S.E.  of  Jonesborough, 
■id  25  miles  (direct)  N.W.  of  Cairo.     Pop.  about  80. 
'Wheatland,  a  township  of  Bureau  co..  111.    Pop.  492. 
Wheatland,  a  post-township  of  Fayette  co..  111.,  about 
>.  miles  E.  of  Vandalia.     Pop.  871. 

fWheatland,  a  hamlet  in  Wheatland  township,  Macon 
».,  III.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of 
|ecatur.  It  has  2  churches.  Here  is  Elwin  Post-Office, 
op.  of  the  township,  1336. 

!  Wheatland,  a  post-village  of  Knox  co.,  Ind.,  in  Steen 
wnship,  on  the  Ohio  <fc  Mississippi  Railroad,  12  miles  E. 
1/  S.  of  Vincennes.  It  has  3  churches.  Pop.  about  300. 
•'Wheatland,  a  post-village  in  Spring  Rock  township, 
jlinton  CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Davenport  &  Northwestern  Rail- 
'»ad  where  it  crosses  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad, 
i^  miles  N.N.W.  of  Davenport,  and  35  miles  W.  of  Clinton. 
!;  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  money-order  post-office,  and  3 
'lurches.     Pop.  716. 

Wheatland,  a  township  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas, 
op.  544. 

j  Wheatland,  a  post-office  of  McPherson  co.,  Kansas. 
!  Wheatland,  township,  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.  P.  1398. 
i  Wheatland,  a  township  of  Mecosta  co.,  Mich.  P.  632. 
!  Wheatland,  a  post-office  of  AVexford  co.,  Mich, 
f  Wheatland,  a  post-township  of  Rice  co.,  Minn.  Pop. 
[464.  Wheatland  Post-Offioe  is  about  20  miles  N.W,  of 
laribault. 

J  Wheatland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hickory  co..  Mo.,  about 
i5  miles  S.  of  Sedalia.  It  has  a  church,  a  newspaper  office, 
;  drug-stores,  a  flouring-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill.  Pop, 
;0,     Lead  abounds  near  this  place. 

i  Wheatland,  a  post-office  of  Webster  co..  Neb.,  20  miles 
fom  Kenesaw, 

»  Wheatland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
jfew  Jersey  Southern  Railroad,  about  5  miles  S.W.  of 
[Vhiting.     It  has  a  church. 

!  Wheatland,  a  township  of  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.  P.  2629. 
[  Wheatland,  a  station  in  Monroe  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
ilochester  &  State  Line  Railroad,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Roch- 
jister. 

\  Wheatland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yam  Hill  co.,  Oregon, 
m  the  Willamette  River,  about  14  miles  N.  of  Salem. 
I  Wheatland,  a  post-borough  of  Mercer  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
phenango  River  and  the  Erie  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  2i 
|Eiles  S.  of  Sharon.  It  has  3  churches,  4  blast-furnaces  for 
Iron,  a  rolling-mill,  and  a  graded  school.  Pop.  (1880)  583. 
i  Wheatland,  a  post-office  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va.,  about 
44  miles  N.W.  of  Washington,  D.C. 

i  Wheatland,  a  post-village  of  Kenosha  co..  Wis.,  in 
Wheatland  township,  about  1  mile  W.  of  Fox  River,  and 
^5  miles  W.S.AV.  of  Racine.  Pop.  of  the  township,  867. 
,  Wheatland,  a  township  of  Vernon  co.,  AVis,  Pop.  883. 
i  Wheat'landjorWick'ham,  a  post-village  in  Drum- 
mond  CO.,  Quebec,  ]4i  miles  N.W,  of  Melbourne.  Pop.  100. 


Wheatland  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hillsdale  co., 
Mich.,  about  20  miles  S.  of  Jackson.     It  has  2  churches. 

Wheatland  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa,, 
on  Pequea  Creek,  6  or  7  miles  S.E,  of  Lancaster, 

Wheat'ley,  or  Wheet'ley,  a  post-hamlet  of  St.  Fran- 
cis CO.,  Ark.,  on  the  Memphis  &  Little  Rock  Railroad,  69 
miles  E.  of  Little  Rock.     It  has  2  churches. 

Wheat'ly,  a  post-village  in  Essex  co.,  Ontario,  37  railca 
S.W.  of  Chatham.  It  has  a  saw-mill,  2  grist-mills,  2  hotels, 
and  2  stores.     Pop,  100, 

Wheatly  River,  a  post-village  in  Queens'  co.,  Princo 
Edward  Island,  13  miles  from  Charlottetown.     Pop.  200. 

Wheat'on,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Du  Page  co..  111., 
in  Milton  township,  on  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Rail- 
road, 25  miles  W.  of  Chicago.  It  has  a  newspaper  office, 
the  Wheaton  College,  a  bank,  7  churches,  and  2  carriage  • 
factories.     Pop.  in  1890,  1622. 

Wheaton,  a  village  of  Wayne  township,  Tippecanoe 
CO.,  Ind.     Pop,  87, 

Wheaton,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Md. 

Wheaton,  a  township  of  Chippewa  co.,  Wis.     P.  810. 

Wheaton's,  a  station  of  the  New  York  <fc  New  England 
Railroad,  5  miles  N.  of  Waterbury,  Conn. 

Wheat'on  Settlement,  a  post-settlement  in  West- 
moreland CO.,  New  Brunswick,  7  miles  from  Petitcodiao. 
Pop.  200. 

Wheat  Ridge,  Adams  co.,  0.    See  Unity. 

Wheat  Sheaf,  a  station  in  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  5i  miles  N.E.  of  Bristol. 

Wheat  Sheaf,  a  post-office  of  Philadelphia  co.,  Pa,  i% 
a  branch  of  the  Philadelphia  post-office,  and  is  about  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Independence  Hall. 

Wheatville,  California.     See  Kingsburg. 

Wheatyille,  New  York.     See  East  Alabama. 

Wheatville,  a  post-office  of  Morris  co.,  Tex. 

Wheatville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Crawford  co..  Wis.,  12 
miles  N.  of  Boscobel,  and  about  48  miles  S.S.E.  of  La 
Crosse.  It  has  2  churches,  and  a  steam  saw-mill  which 
manufactures  oak,  ash,  maple,  and  walnut  lumber. 

Wheel'er,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Nebrask.n, 
has  an  area  of  about  576  square  miles.  It  is  partly  drained 
by  Cedar  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  Capital,  Bufi"aIo.  Pop.  in  1880,  644; 
in  1890,  1683. 

Wheeler,  a  county  in  the  Panhandle  of  Texas,  bounded 
E.  by  Indian  Territory.  Area,  900  square  miles.  Capital, 
Mobeetie.     Pop.  in  1890,  778. 

Wheeler,  a  post-villnge  in  Union  township,  Porter  co., 
Ind.,  7  miles  by  rail  W.N.W.  of  Valparaiso. 

Wheeler,  a  post-office  and  station  in  AYheeler  town- 
ship, Gratiot  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Saginaw  Valley  &  St.  Louis 
Railroad,  8i  miles  E.  of  St.  Louis.     Pop.  of  township,  366.' 

Wheeler,  a  post-township  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  6  or  7 
miles  N.  of  Bath.     Pop.  1388. 

Wheeler,  Mercer  co..  Pa.    See  Bethel. 

Wheeler's,  New  York.    See  North  Hannibal. 

Wheel'ersburg,  a  post-village  of  Scioto  co.,  0,,  in 
Porter  township,  9  or  10  miles  E.  of  Portsmouth,  and  1 
mile  from  the  Ohio  River.  It  has  2  churches,  a  woollen- 
mill,  and  a  drain-tile-factory. 

Wheeler's  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pottawattamie 
CO.,  Iowa,  about  30  miles  E.  of  Council  Bluffs. 

Wheeler's  Point,  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  is  part  of  the 
city  of  Gloucester. 

Wheeler  Station,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ala., 
on  the  Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad,  16  miles  AV.  of  De- 
catur. 

Wheel'erville,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Ala. 

Wheelerville,  a  village  of  Fulton  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Ca- 
roga  township,  about  12  miles  N.W.  of  Gloversville,  It 
has  a  church  and  a  tannery.     Pop.  about  200. 

Wheel'ing,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wheeling  township.  Cook 
CO.,  III.,  on  the  Des  Plaines  River,  about  24  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Chicago.  It  has  2  churches.  Tho  township  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  and  con- 
tains a  village  named  Dunton.    Pop.  of  the  township,  1835. 

Wheeling,  a  post-hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Mississinewa  River,  about  15  miles  N.  by  AV,  of  Muncio, 

Wheeling,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co,,  Iowa,  about 
24  miles  S.E.  of  Des  Moines. 

Wheeling,  a  post-office  in  AA''heeling  township,  Rioo 
CO.,  Minn.,  9  or  10  miles  E.  of  Faribault,  Pop.  of  tho 
township,  1033. 

Wheeling,  a  post-villnge  in  AVheeling  township,  Liv- 
ingston CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Hannibal  &  St.  Joseph  Railroad,  9 
miles  E.  of  Chillicothe,  It  has  2  churches  and  a  foundry. 
Pop,  of  the  township  in  1880,  857. 


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Wheeling,  a  township  of  Ilclmont  co.,  0.     Pop.  1240. 

>Vhvelins>>^rost-haiulet  in  Wheeling  township,  Ouern- 
•oy  CO.,  0.,  about  30  miles  N.E.  of  Zancsville.  Bird  Run 
Station  on  the  Marietta,  Pittsburg  &  Cleveland  Kailroad 
is  in  this  township.     Pop.  1000. 

Wheeling,  a  city  and  port  of  entry,  the  capital  of 
Ohio  CO.,  W.  Vtt.,  is  finely  situated  on  the  E.  bank  of  tho 
Ohio  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Wheeling  Creek,  about  92 
miles  below  Pittsburg,  and  about  370  miles  above  Cin- 
cinnati. By  railroad  it  is  63  miles  S.W.  of  Pittsburg, 
und  141  milbs  E.  of  Columbus,  0.  Lat.  40°  5'  N.;  Ion.  80° 
42'  W.  Its  elevation  above  tho  level  of  the  sea  is  about 
630  feet.  The  site  is  a  narrow  alluvial  plain,  which  is 
overlooked  by  precipitous  hills  and  extends  about  2  miles 
along  the  river.  Wheeling  is  the  most  populous  town  of 
Wost  V'irginia,  and  is  tho  largest  and  most  important  place 
on  the  Ohio  River  between  Pittsburg  and  Cincinnati.  It 
contains  a  line  court-house,  a  custom-house,  24  churches, 
4  academies,  the  Wheeling  Female  College,  and  8  banks, 
the  capital  of  which  amounts  to  about  $2,600,000.  Three 
daily  and  several  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 
This  city  is  sui)|)lied  witli  water  raised  from  the  river  by 
machinery.  The  National  Road  crosses  the  river  at  Zane's 
Island,  opposite  Wheeling,  by  a  beautiful  wire  suspension- 
bridge,  which  has  a  span  of  1010  feet  and  is  supported  by 
4  wire  cables,  each  1380  feet  in  length  and  8  inches  in 
diameter.  The  height  of  the  towers  is  153  feet  above  low- 
water  mark.  Wheeling  is  connected  with  Bellaire,  0.,  by  a 
noble  railroad-bridge,  which,  including  the  approaches  and 
a  viaduct  of  43  arches,  is  1|  miles  long.  It  is  the  W. 
terminus  of  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  and  here  also 
centre  four  other  railroads,  besides  the  Wheeling  Bridge  & 
Terminal  Railway.  The  hills  in  the  vicinity  contain  in- 
exhaustible beds  of  coal,  which  supply  fuel  at  small  ex- 
pense for  the  manufactories  of  the  city.  Wheeling  contains 
extensive  blast-furnaces,  iron-foundries  and  forges,  and 
manufactories  of  nails,  glass-ware,  steam-engines,  pajier, 
cigars,  flour,  leather,  woollen  goods,  <fec.  According  to  the 
census  of  1890,  the  aggregate  capital  of  reported  industries 
in  Wheeling  was  $7,223,027,  and  the  total  value  of  product 
$11,279,541.  The  seat  of  the  state  government  was  re- 
moved from  Charleston  to  Wheeling  in  1875,  but  was  re- 
turned to  Charleston  in  1885.  Pop.  in  1870,  19,280,  without 
South  Wheeling';  in  1874,  26,440,  with  South  Wheeling 
annexed  :  in  1880,  30,737  ;  in  1890,  34,522. 

Wheeling  Creek  rises  in  Pennsylvania,  passes  into 
West  Virginia,  and  enters  tho  Ohio  River  at  Wheeling. 

Wheeling  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  W.  Va. 

Wheel'ock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Choctaw  Nation,  Indian 
Territory.     It  has  a  church. 

Wheelock,  a  post-hamlct  of  Robertson  co.,  Tex.,  about 
10  miles  E.  of  Hearne. 

Wheelock,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wheelock  township,  Cale- 
donia CO.,  Vt.,  about  14  miles  N.  of  St.  Johnsbury.  It  has 
2  churches,  and  a  manufactory  of  threshing-machines. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  822. 

Wheetley,  St.  Francis  co.,  Ark.     See  Wheatley. 

Whet'stone,a  station  of  the  Columbus  &  Toledo  Rail- 
road, IJ  miles  N.  of  Columbus,  0. 

Whetstone,  a  township  of  Crawford  co.,  0.     P.  1490. 

Whetstone,  Morrow  co.,  0.    See  West  Point. 

Whetstone  River,  Ohio.    See  Olentangy  Riveu. 

Whidah,  a  town  of  West  Africa.    See  Whydah. 

Whid'by  Island,  Washington,  is  in  tho  N.  part  of 
Puget  Sound,  and  is  a  portion  of  Island  co.  It  is  nearly 
40  miles  long,  and  is  comparatively  narrow.  The  soil  is 
fertile. 

Whid'dy  Island,  Ireland,  Munster,  co.  of  Cork,  near 
tho  head  of  Bantry  Bay,  is  3  miles  long.  Pop.  400.  On  it 
are  a  coast-guard  station  and  several  forts  for  the  defence 
of  Bantry  harbor. 

Whig  Corners,  Michigan.    See  South  Butler. 

Wliigham,  Decatur  co.,  Ga.     See  IIarrell. 

Whig  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Forest  oo.,  Pa. 

Whig  Valley,  a  post-hamlct  of  Holt  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Nodaway  River,  about  35  miles  N.  by  W.  of  St.  Joseph. 
It  has  a  church. 

Whig'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Noble  co.,  0.,  in  Marion 
township,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Caldwell.     It  has  a  church. 

Whip'pany,  a  small  river  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  enters 
the  Rockaway  River  from  the  right  about  7  miles  N.E.  of 
Morristown,  which  is  on  tho  Whippany. 

Whippany,  a  popt-village  in  Hanover  township,  Mor- 
ris CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Whippany  River,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Mor- 
ristown, and  about  14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Newark.  It  has  3 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  cotton,  paper,  woollen  goods, 
•nd  flour.    Pop.  in  about  400. 


Whipple,  whip'pfll,  a  post-office  of  Pottawallainle  ool 
Iowa. 

Whipple,  a  post-hnmlct  of  Washington  co.,0.,  on  th 
Marietta,  Pittsburg  <k  Cleveland  Railroad,  14  milei  N.  oi 
Marietta. 

Whipple  Lake,  Pope  co.,  Minn.,  is  one  of  theiource 
of  the  Chippewa  River.  It  is  about  10  miles  long  and  :;  o 
3  miles  wide.  Qlenwood  is  situated  at  its  head  or  N.E 
extremity. 

Whipple*8  Mills,  a  village  in  Smithficld  townsliip 
Providence  co.,  R.I.,  adjoining  Greenville.  It  bos  uinnu ' 
factures  of  woollen  cloth.     Poj).  139.  i 

Whipplevillc,  whip'p^l-vll,  a  hamlet  of  Franklin  co 
N.Y.,  in  Malone  township,  3  miles  from  Malonu.  It  bus 
tannery  and  a  starch-factory. 

Whip^poorwill',  a  post-office  of  Laurel  co.,  Ky. 

Whippoorwill,  a  humlet  and  station  of  Logan  co., 
Ky.,  on  tho  Louisville  <t  Great  Southern  Railroad,  7  milcj 
S.W.  of  Russellville.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  plougli-l 
factory.     Hero  is  Ferguson's  Station  Post-Office.  | 

Whisky  Ilun,  township,  Crawford  co.,  Ind.    P.  1127. 

Whisky  Town,  a  mining-camp  of  Shasta  co.,  Cal.,  5 
miles  N.W.  of  Shasta,  and  12  miles  \v.  of  Redding.  It  h'lu 
a  hotel,  2  stores,  and  gold-mines. 

Whis'tler,  a  post-village  of  Mobile  oo..  Ala.,  on  tli« 
Mobile  <t  Ohio  Railroad,  5  miles  N.W.  of  Mobile.  It  baa  0 
churches,  and  workshops  of  the  railroad. 

Whit'aker,  a  post-office  of  York  co.,  S.C,  on  the  At- 
lanta <fc  Richmond  Air-Line  Railroad,  35  miles  E.  of  Spar- 
tanburg. ] 

Whitaker's,  a  post-village  of  Edgecombe  co.,  N.C., 
on  the  Wilmington  <fc  Weldon  Railroad,  6  miles  S.  of  En- 
field. It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  sash  and 
blinds. 

Whit'akersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Magoffin  co.,  Ky., 
60  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Mount  Sterling.     It  has  a  church. 

Whit'burn,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  LinUtbgow,2I 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Edinburgh.     Pop.  1432. 

Whit'by,  a  seaport  town  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
North  Riding,  on  the  Esk,  here  bordered  by  a  fine  pier,  and 
crossed  by  a  swing  iron  bridge,  17  miles  N.N.W.  of  Scar- 
borough,  at  the  termination  of  a  railway  from  York.  Lat. 
54°  29'  N. ;  Ion.  0°  36'  7"  E.  Pop.  of  parliamentary  bor- 
ough, 13,094;  of  town,  12,460.  The  town  has  a  public 
library,  a  literary  and  philosophical  society  with  a  museum,  a 
seamen's  hospital,  town  hall,  custom-house,  baths,  numeruui 
largo  warehouses,  dry-docks  and  ship-yards,  and  manufac- 
tures of  sail-cloth  and  cordage.  It  has  lately  become  a 
place  of  winter  resort.  Fine  jet  and  immense  deposits  of 
ironstone  are  found  near  here.  Whitby  returns  one  mem- 
ber  to  tho  House  of  Commons. 

Whit'by  (formerly  Windsor,  win'z^r),  an  incorpo- 
rated town  of  Ontario,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Ontario,  on  Laks 
Ontario,  and  on  the  Grand  Trunk  Railway,  29i  miles  N.E. 
of  Toronto.  The  harbor  is  one  of  the  best  on  the  lakes. 
The  town  contains,  besides  the  county  buildings,  5  churches, 
3  branch  banks,  a  grammar-school  and  several  common 
schools,  2  printing-offices  issuing  weekly  newspapers,  several 
assurance  and  insurance  agencies,  a  number  of  stores,  and 
manufactories  of  iron  castings,  mill-machinery,  agricultural 
implements,  musical  instruments,  leather,  <tc.  AVhitby  ii 
a  port  of  entry,  and  the  southern  terminus  of  the  Whitby 
&  Port  Perry  Railway.  It  is  an  important  market-town. 
Pop.  2732. 

Whit'church,  a  market-town  of  England,  co. of  Hants, 
on  the  Test,  12  miles  N.  of  Winchester.  It  has  a  silk- 
manufactory,  and  a  mill  for  the  fabrication  of  bank-note 
paper.     Pop.  of  parish,  1965. 

Whitchurch,  or  Blanc'minster,  a  market-town  of 
England,  co.  of  Salop,  on  a  railway,  19  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Shrewsbury. 

Whit'comb,  a  post-hamlct  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Brookville  township,  about  36  miles  N.W.  of  Cincinnati,  0. 
It  has  a  church. 

White,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  Arkansas, 
has  an  area  of  about  1140  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  White  River,  is  intersected  by  the  Little  Red 
River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Bayou  Dos  Arc.  Tho  surface 
is  undulating,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests 
of  the  ash,  hickory,  oak,  yellow  pine,  and  other  trees.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are 
tho  staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Cairo  <t  Fulton  Railroad.  Capital,  Searcy.  Valuation  of 
real  and  personal  estate,  $3,718,631.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,347, 
of  whom  10,312  were  Americans;  in  1880,  17,794. 

White,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Georgia,  has  an  area 
of  about  250  square  miles.    It  is  drained  by  the  Cbattahoo- 


win 


2817 


wm 


h?e  River,  one  branch  of  which  rises  in  it.  The  surface 
)s  diversified  by  high  hills  and  valleys.  More  than  half 
if  it  is  covered  with  forests.  Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork 
ire  the  staple  products.  A  small  quantity  of  gold  has  been 
Lund  in  it.  Capital,  Mount  Yonah.  Valuation  of  real 
ind  personal  estate,  $580,382.  Pop.  in  1870,  4606,  of 
yhom  4590  were  Americans;  in  1880,  5341. 
j  White,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Illinois,  bordering 
'n  Indiana,  has  an  area  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is 
lounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Wabash  River,  intersected  by 
jho  Little  Wabash,  and  partly  drained  by  the  Skillet  Fork 
[f  the  latter  river.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  exten- 
ively  covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  hickory,  oak,  and 
fthcr  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats, 
lattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is 
ntcrsected  by  the  Cairo  <fc  Vincennea,  St.  Louis  &  South- 
astorn,  and  Springfield  &  Illinois  Southeastern  Railroads, 
lapitiil,  Carmi.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate, 
r,603,Il6.  Pop.  in  1870,  16,846,  of  whom  16,241  were 
mericans;  in  1880,  23,087. 

White,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Indiana,  has  an 
irea  of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Tippecanoe  River,  which  runs  southward.  The  surface  is 
learly  level,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  forests, 
ho  former  of  which  are  more  extensive  than  the  latter. 
L'he  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  cattle,  and 
lay  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed  by 
,he  Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago  Railroad  and  the 
I'ittsburg,  Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis  Railroad.  Capital,  Mon- 
icello.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $5,314,545. 
Pop.  in  1870,  10,554;  in  1880,  13,795. 

White,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of 
nbout  450  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  and  W. 
by  the  Cancy  Fork  of  the  Cumberland  River,  and  is  partly 
(drained  by  Falling  Water  Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly  or 
(undulating,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  ash, 
jliickory,  beech,  oak,  sugar-maplo,  walnut,  wild  cherry,  itc. 
The  soil  is  moderately  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  cotton, 
cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Sparta. 
Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $2,387,500.  Pop.  in 
1870.  9376,  of  whom  9359  were  Americans;  in  1880,11,176. 

White,  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.     See  Austin. 

White,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  1993. 

White,  a  township  of  Cambria  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  969. 

White,  a  township  of  Indiana  co..  Pa.     Pop.  2124. 

White  Ash,  a  post-ofRce  of  Washington  co.,  Iowa, 
about  22  miles  S.  of  Iowa  City. 

White  Ash,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Penn  township,  near  the  Alleghany  River,  about  9  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Pittsburg.  It  has  2  or  3  churches.  Coal  is 
mined  here. 

White  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  Atlantic,  on  the  N.  coast 
of  Newfoundland,  is  about  60  miles  long,  and  15  miles  wide 
at  the  broadest  part. 

White  Bead  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Chickasaw  Nation, 
Indian  Territory. 

White  Bear,  township,  Ramsey  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  647. 

White  Bear,  a  station  in  Berks  co..  Pa.,  on  tho  Wil- 
mington &  Reading  Railroad,  13  miles  S.S.E.  of  Reading. 

White  Bear  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Pope  co.,  Minn. 

White  Bear  Lake,  a  township  of  Pope  co.,  Minn. 
Pop.  542. 

White  Bear  Lake,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort 
in  White  Bear  township,  Ramsey  co.,  Minn.,  on  a  lake  of 
its  own  name,  and  on  the  St.  Paul  &  Duluth  Railroad  at  its 
junction  with  the  Minneapolis  <fc  St.  Louis  Railroad,  12 
Biles  N.  by  E.  of  St.  Paul,  and  15  miles  N.E.  of  Minneap- 
olis. It  has  2  churches  and  3  hotels.  Tho  lake  is  about  25 
miles  in  circuit.    Pop.  of  village  in  1890,  1356. 

White  Bluff,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co..  Ark. 

White  Blutf,  a  village  of  Chatham  co.,  Ga.,  on  Vernon 
River,  9  miles  S.  of  Savannah,  is  a  summer  resort.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  convent. 

White  Bluffs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dickson  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  30i  miles 
W.  of  Nashville.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

White  Breast,  a  township  of  Lucas  co.,  Iowa,  is  in- 
tersected by  White  Breast  Creek  and  by  the  Burlington  A 
Missouri  River  Railroad.  Pop.  666.  Its  station  (White 
Breast  Siding)  is  about  3  miles  W.  of  Chariton. 

White  Breast,  a  hamlet  of  Lucas  co,,  Iowa,  on  White 
Breast  Creek,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Chariton. 

White  Breast,  township,  Warren  co.,  Iowa.    P.  1069. 

White  Breast  Creek,  Iowa,  rises  in  Clarke  co.,  runs 
northeastward  through  Lucas  co.,  and  enters  the  Des  Moines 
River  in  Marion  co.,  about  7  miles  N.E.  of  Knoxvillo.  It 
is  nearly  80  miles  long. 


White  Camp,  a  post-office  of  McDowell  co.,  W.  Va. 

Whitechap'el,  a  parish  of  Eughind,  co.  of  Middle- 
sex, forming  an  eastern  suburb  of  the  metropolis,  and  com- 
prised in  the  borough  of  Tower  Hamlets.  It  contains  the 
London  Hospital  and  the  Tower  of  London. 

White  Church,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wyandotte  oo.,  Ivan- 
sas,  3  miles  from  Pomeroy,  and  14  miles  W.  of  Kansas  City, 
Mo.     It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

White  Church,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tomj)kin8  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Utica,  Ithaca  &  Elmira  Railroad,  13  miles  S.  of 
Ithaca. 

White  Church  Bend,  Louisiana.    See  Jefferson. 

White  City,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Neosho  division  of  the  Missouri,  Kansas  <t  Texas  Rail- 
road, 19  miles  S.E.  of  Junction  City.  It  has  2  churches. 
It  is  also  called  Swedeland. 

White  City,  a  village  in  Defiance  township,  Definnco 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Chicago  division  of  the  Baltimore  <t  Ohio 
Railroad,  at  White's  Mill  Station,  4  miles  W.  of  Defiance. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

White  Clay  Creek  rises  in  Chester  co..  Pa.,  passes 
into  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  and  unites  with  Red  Clay  Creek 
to  form  the  Christiana. 

White  Clay  Creek,  a  hundred  of  New  Castle  co.,  DeL 
Pop.  2620. 

White  Cliff,  a  post-office  of  Sioux  co..  Neb.,  on  th« 
Niobrara  River. 

White  Cliff  Springs,  a  post-office  and  summer  resort 
of  Monroe  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Chilhowee  Mountain,  3500 
feet  above  tho  sea-level,  and  15  miles  from  Mouse  Creek 
Station.     It  has  a  large  hotel  and  mineral  springs. 

White  Cloud,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Ala. 

White  Cloud,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mills  co.,  Iowa,  in 
White  Cloud  township,  on  the  West  Nishnabatona  River, 
about  30  miles  S.E.  of  Council  Bluffs.  It  has  a  flouring- 
mill.     Pop.  of  tho  township,  621. 

White  Cloud,  a  post-town  in  Iowa  township,  Doni- 
phan CO.,  Kansas,  on  tho  Missouri  River,  about  600  miles 
above  St.  Louis,  and  on  the  Atchison  &  Nebraska  Railroad, 
36  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Atchison.  It  contains  2  steam  saw- 
mills, a  flour-mill,  a  graded  school  with  a  building  which 
cost  $15,000,  and  4  churches.     Pop.  843. 

White  Cloud,  Michigan.    See  Morgan  Station, 

White  Cot'tage,a  post-hamlet  of  Muskingum  co.,  0., 
7  miles  S.W.  of  Zanesville.  It  has  a  church  and  3  pot- 
teries. 

White  Cottage,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co,,  Pa,,  12 
miles  S.W.  of  Waynesburg. 

White  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  in  White  Creek  town- 
ship. Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  about  27  miles  N.E.  of  Troy. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  flax-mill.  Tho  township  is  inter- 
sected by  the  Rensselaer  &  Saratoga  Railroad,  and  contains 
the  greater  part  of  the  village  of  Cambridge.  Pop.  of  tho 
township,  2757. 

White  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adams  co.,  AVis., about 
30  miles  N.W,  of  Portage  City,  It  has  a  church  and  a 
flour-mill.     Pop.  242. 

White  Day,  Monongalia  co.,  W.  Va.    See  Smithtown, 

White  Deer  Mills,  a  post-villago  in  White  Deer 
township,  Union  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Sus- 
quehanna, at  the  mouth  of  White  Deer  Creek,  and  on  the 
Catawissa  <fc  Williamsport  Railroad,  at  White  Deer  Station, 
5  miles  N.  of  Milton,  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a 
woollen-mill. 

White  Earth,  a  post-office  of  Gunnison  co.,  Col. 

White  Earth,  a  post-village  and  Indian  Agency  of 
Becker  co.,  Minn.,  22  miles  N.  of  Detroit.  It  contains  2 
•chools,  a  hospital,  and  2  churches. 

White  Earth  River  rises  in  British  America,  runs 
southward  into  North  Dakota,  and  enters  the  Missouri 
about  60  miles  (direct)  E.  of  the  mouth  of  the  Yellowstone, 

White  El ster,  Germany,    See  Elsteu, 

White  Eyes  Plains,  Coshocton  co.,  0.    See  Oxford. 

Whiteface  Mountain,  a  peak  of  the  Adirondacks, 
in  Essex  co.,  N.Y'.,  about  16  miles  N,  of  Mount  Marcy. 
Altitude,  4918  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

Whiteface  Peak,  Colorado,  a  mountain  in  the  Mid- 
dle Park,  in  hit.  40°  9'  11"  N.,  Ion.  106°  7'  6"  W,  It  has 
an  altitude  of  11,493  feet  above  the  sea-level. 

White  Feather,  fein'^r,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bay  co., 
Mich.,  in  Pinconning  township,  on  the  Michigan  Central 
Railroad  (Mackinaw  division),  23  miles  N,  of  Bay  City. 
It  has  a  church,  a  lumber-mill,  <tc. 

Whitefield,  whit'feeld,  a  town  of  England,  oo.of  Lan- 
caster, 3  miles  S.  of  Bury.     Pop.  9054. 

Whitc'field,  a  township  of  Marshall  co.,  IlL     P.  1205. 
1       Whitefield,  a  post-hamlet  of   Lincoln   «o.,  Me.,  in 


WHI 


2818 


Will 


WhiteQolJ  township,  on  tho  Shoopsoott  River,  14  miles  S.E. 
of  Augusta.  It  has  a  ohuroh  and  a  ilour-mill.  Pop.  of 
tho  township,  1594. 

WhitcHeld,  township,  Kandiyohi  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  325. 

Whitefield,  a  post-haiulct  of  Oktibbeha  co..  Miss.,  17 
miles  S.W.  of  Starkvillc.     It  has  .3  churches. 

Whitefield,  a  post-village  in  Whitcfield  township,  Coos 
CO.,  N.ll.,  on  the  Boston,  Concord  A  Montreal  Railroad  and 
tho  White  Mountain  Railroad,  124  miles  N.  of  Concord. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  a  summer  boarding-house, 
and  large  lumber-niilla  which  employ  about  300  men.  A 
short  railroad  connects  it  with  Jefferson.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship in  1890,  2041. 

White'fish  Bay,  the  S.  part  of  Toquamonon  Bay,  Lake 
Superior. 

Whitefish  Bay,  a  station  on  the  Milwaukee,  Lake 
Shore  <fc  Western  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

White  Fisli  Falls,  Ontario.     See  MonroN. 

White'fish  Point,  a  post-office  and  fishing-station  of 
Chippewa  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Superior,  40  miles  N.W.  of 
Sault  Ste.  Marie.  Here  is  a  cape  of  tho  same  name,  with  a 
light-house. 

White'ford,  township,  Monroe  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1610. 

Whiteford  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  Mich. 

White  Ciate,  a  post-hamlet  of  Giles  co.,  Va.,  about 
100  miles  W.  of  Lynchburg.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a 
Baw-mill. 

White  Hall,  a  post-office  of  Lowndes  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Western  Railroad  of  Al.abama,  25  miles  W.  of  Montgomery. 

White  Hall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Poinsett  co.,  Ark.,  22 
miles  N.  of  Wittsburg.     It  has  a  church. 

White'hall,  a  post-village  in  Whitehall  township, 
Greene  co..  III.,  on  the  Chicago  A  Alton  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  the  St.  Louis,  Rock  Island  &  Chicago  Railroad,  45 
miles  N.  of  Alton,  and  24  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Jacksonville. 
It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  2  banks,  4  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  foundry,  a  tile-factory,  a  flour-mill,  2  wagon-shops, 
and  several  potteries.     Pop.  in  1890,  1961. 

Whitehall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Owen  co.,  Ind.,  about  44 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Terre  Haute.     It  has  a  church. 

White  Hall,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  Ky.,  7  miles 
N.  of  Richmond. 

White  Hall,  a  post-office  of  Livingston  parish.  La. 

Whitehall,  a  village  of  St.  James  parish.  La.,  on  tho 
E.  bank  of  the  Mississippi  River,  9  miles  below  Donald- 
sonvillo,  and  about  72  miles  above  New  Orleans.  It  has  3 
churches.     Pop.  about  1400. 

White  Hall,  a  post-village  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  27  miles  N.  of  Baltimore. 
It  has  several  churches  and  a  paper-mill. 

Whitehall,  a  hamlet  in  Rutland  township,  Worcester 
CO.,  Mass.,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Cold  Brook  Springs. 

Whitehall,  a  post-villago  in  Whitehall  township,  Mus- 
kegon CO.,  Mich.,  on  White  Lake,  and  on  the  Chicago  A  West 
Michigan  Railroad,  16  miles  N.N.W.  of  Muskegon,  and 
about  6  miles  from  Lake  Michigan.  It  contains  several 
churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  a  graded  school,  sev- 
eral lumber-mills,  and  a  large  tannery.  Pop.  1724.  White 
Lake  forms  an  excellent  harbor. 

Whitehall,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Montana. 

Whitehall,  a  post-village  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Morris  Canal  and  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  A  AVestern 
Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Paterson.  It  has  a  church.  Pop. 
about  200.     See  also  White  Hall  Summit. 

Whitehall,  a  post-town  in  Whitehall  township,  Wash- 
ington CO.,  N.Y..  at  the  head  or  S.  end  of  Lake  Charaplain, 
76  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Albany,  24  miles  W.  of  Rutland,  Vt., 
and  about  80  miles  S.  of  Burlington.  It  is  the  N.  termi- 
nus of  the  Champlain  Canal,  and  is  at  the  junction  of  two 
divisions  of  the  Rensselaer  A  Saratoga  Railroad.  It  is 
picturesquely  situated  in  a  ravine  at  the  foot  of  Skene's 
Mountain  and  at  the  mouth  of  Wood  Creek.  Several  ele- 
gant steamboats  ply  daily  (in  the  season)  between  White- 
hall and  the  other  ports  on  the  lake.  Whitehall  is  the  most 
populous  town  in  the  county.  It  contains  5  churches,  an 
academy,  3  national  banks,  a  high  school,  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  machine-shop,  and  2  saw-mills.  It  has  an  exten- 
sive trade  in  lumber,  Ac,  and  has  manufactures  of  brooms, 
turned  wood,  sash,  blinds,  and  lumber.  Pop.  in  1890,  4434 ; 
of  the  township,  5402. 

White  Hall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bladen  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Cape  Fear  River,  about  35  miles  W.N.W.  of  Wilmington. 
It  has  a  turpentine-distillery. 

White  Hall  (Jericho  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of  Wayne 
CO.,  N.C.,  on  the  Neuso  River,  8  miles  S.W,  of  La  Grange. 
It  has  a  church. 

Whitehall,  Adams  co.,  Pa.    See  Red  Land. 


Whitehall,  a  hamlet  of  Lancaster  co..  Pa.,  in  Bar 
townshij),  3  miles  S.  of  Kinzer'g.  It  has  a  church,  am 
nickel-mines  and  furnaces  which  employ  about  125  men. 

Whitehall,  a  station  and  hamlet  of  Lcliigh  co.  I'a 
on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  and  on  tho  Lubi<'h  ilivcr 
7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Allcntown. 

Whitehall,  a  township  of  Lehigh  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  Sais 

White  Hall,  a  post-office  of  Montour  oo.,  Pu.,  aboui 
12  miles  N.  of  Danville. 

Whitehall,  a  township  of  Abbeville  co.,  S.C.  P.  lilfl, 

White  Hall,  a  post-office  of  Colleton  co.,  S.C,  on  tin 
Savannah  A  Charleston  Railroad,  43  miles  W.  of  Charloeton. 

White  Hall,  a  post-office  of  Grimes  co.,  Te.t. 

White  Hall,  Albemarle  co.,Va.  SeeMooiiMAs'sRivKn. 

White  Hall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Frederick  co.,  Va.,  about 
10  miles  N.  of  Winchester.     It  has  a  church. 

Whitehall,  a  post-village  of  Tremncalcau  co..  Wis., 
in  Lincoln  township,  on  tho  Gicen  Bay  A  Minnesota  Rail' 
road,  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Winona,  Minn.  It  has  a  ncwu. 
paper  office,  3  churches,  a  money-order  post-office,  and  a 
graded  school. 

White  Hall  Snm'mit,  a  station  in  Sussex  oo.,  X.J., 
on  the  Sussex  Railroad,  near  the  hamlet  of  White  Hall,  7 
miles  S.  of  Newton. 

Whitehallville,  Bucks  co..  Pa.     See  Chalfott. 

White  Hare,  a  post-office  of  Cedar  co.,  Mo. 

Whiteha'ven,  a  parliamentary  borough  and  scnport 
town  of  England,  co.  of  Cumberland,  on  the  Irish  Sea,  near 
the  entrance  of  Solway  Firth,  3  miles  N.E.  of  St.  iJees 
Head,  and  36  miles  S.W.  of  Carlisle,  with  which  it  is  con- 
nected by  railway.  Lat.  (of  light-house)  54°  33'  11"  \. ; 
Ion.  3°  35'  49"  AV.  Pop.  of  the  town,  19.295.  The  publiu 
buildings  comprise  several  churches,  the  West  CumberlnnJ 
Infirmary,  town  hall,  market-house,  custom-house,  library, 
news-room,  baths,  theatre,  mechanics!  in.stitute,  ami  a  county 
house  of  correction.  The  harbor  is  formed  by  two  piers, 
on  each  of  which  is  a  light-house,  and  from  it  are  ex- 
ported great  quantities  of  coal,  raised  from  mines  which 
extend  a  long  way  under  the  town  and  beneath  the  sea.  It 
has  also  iron-smelting-works,  iron-  and  braiis-foundries,  ex- 
tensive bonding  warehouses,  dry-docks  and  slips  for  build- 
ing and  repairing  vessels,  and  manufactures  of  sail-cloth, 
cordage,  soap,  copperas,  and  tobacco-pipes.  The  exiwrta 
consist  chiefly  of  coal  and  iron  ore ;  the  imports,  of  West 
Indian,  American,  and  Baltic  produce,  flax  and  linen  from 
Ireland,  and  pig-iron  from  Wales.  It  returns  one  member 
to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Whiteha'ven,  a  post-village  of  Wicomico  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Wicomico  River,  16  miles  S.AV.  of  Salisbury.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  marine  railway. 

White  Haven,  a  post-borough  in  Dcnnison  township, 
Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Lehigh  River,  the  Central  Railroad 
of  New  Jersey,  and  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  25  iniica 
N.  of  Mauch  Chunk,  and  30  miles  by  railroad  S.S.E.  of 
AVilkesbarre.  It  has  6  churches,  a  savings-bank,  a  foun- 
dry, a  machine-shop,  several  large  lumber-mills,  and  ice- 
houses. It  is  supported  mainly  by  operations  in  lumber, 
and  has  large  pools  for  the  purpose  of  conveying  the  logs 
to  the  mill.*.  These  pools  furnish  much  ice  for  the  markets 
of  cities.     Pop.  in  about  I.iOO. 

White  Haven,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn.,  6n 
the  Mississippi  A  Tennessee  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Mem- 
phis.    It  has  a  church. 

White  Haven,  a  seaport  of  Guysboroogh  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  12  miles  AV.S.W,  of  Cape  Canso.  It  has  an  excel- 
lent  harbor. 

White  Head,  a  seaport  of  'Guysborough  co.,  Nora 
Scotia,  on  the  Atlantic  coast,  31  miles  from  Guysborough. 
Pop.  350.  This  is  the  first  land  on  the  Nova  Scotia  coast 
seen  by  vessels  from  Europe. 

White  Heath,  heeth,  a  post-hamlct  of  Piatt  co.,  III., 
on  tho  Champaign,  Havana  A  Western  Railroad,  at  the 
junction  of  two  branches,  15  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Champaign, 
and  1  mile  E.  of  the  Sangamon  River.     It  has  a  church. 

White  Hill,  Burlington  co..  N.J.    See  FiELDSDoaousn. 

White  Hill,  a  station  in  Cumberland  co..  Pa.,  on  lh« 
Cumberland  Valley  Railroad,  3J  miles  S.W.  of  Ilarrisburg. 

Whitehills',  a  fishing-village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Banff, 
4J  miles  E.  of  Portsoy.     Pop.  823. 

White  Horn,  a  post-office  of  Hawkins  co.,  Tcnn. 

White  Horse,  a  rocky  islet,  one  of  a  group  at  the  en- 
trance of  Passaraaquoddy  Bay. 

White  Horse,  a  post-office  of  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Chester  Valley  Railroad,  7i  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Downingtown, 

White  Horse,  a  hamlet  in  Salisbury  township,  Lan- 
caster CO.,  Pa.,  17  miles  E.  of  Lancaster.  Here  is  Pcquea 
Post-Offico. 


will 


2819 


Will 


White  Horse,  a  post-office  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C. 

Whitc'liOHse,  a  village  of  Ireland,  Ulster,  co.  Antrim, 
)n  Belfast  Lough,  3i  miles  N.E.  of  ISelfast.     Pop.  1056. 

White  House,  a  station  in  Buval  co.,  Fla.,  on  the 
IfloriJa  Central  Railroad,  11  miles  W.  of  Jacksonville. 
I    White  House,  a  post-village  in  Ueadington  township, 
llunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  i  mile  from  White  House  Station  of 
pe  Central  Railroad,  which  is  9i  miles  W.N.W.  of  Somer- 
tille  and  about  30  miles  N.  of  Trenton.      It  has  a  church. 
[    White  House,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  N.C. 
I   White  House,  township,  Robeson  co.,  N.C.     P.  684. 
I   White  House,  a  post-village  in  Waterville  township, 
Lucas  CO.,  0.,  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  17  miles  W.S.W. 
>f  Toledo.    It  has  3  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber 
knd  ploughs. 

White  House,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co..  Pa., 
J  miles  S.W.  of  Carlisle,  and  1  mile  from  Moore's  Mill. 
[   White  House,  a  station  in  Dauphin  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
jTennsylvania  Railroad,  7  miles  S.E.  of  Ilarrisburg, 
1    White  House,  a  post-office  of  Robertson  co.,  Tenn. 
:    'Wliitehouse,  a  post-office  of  Smith   co.,  Tes.,  on  a 
branch  of  the  International  &  Great  Northern  Railroad,  8 

riles  S.E.  of  Tyler. 
,  White  House,  a  post-offieo  and  station  of  New  Kent 
Eiso.,  Va.,  on  the  Richmond,  York  River  &  Chesapeake  Rail- 
road, and  on  the  navigable  Pamunkey  River,  24  miles  E.  of 
Uchraond. 
Wliite  House  Station,  a  post-village  in  Readington 
ownship,  Hunterdon  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Central  Railroad  of 
"cw  Jersey,  33  miles  W.  of  Elizabeth.  It  has  2  hotels,  6 
tores,  and  a  manufactory  of  horn  jewelry.  Pop.  about  400. 

White'hurst,  Bell's  Station,  or  Rock  Springs, 

post-village  in  Leeds  co.,  Ontario,  on  a  railway,  13i  miles 

.  by  W.  of  Brock ville.     Pop.  100. 

White'inch,  an  extensive  western  suburb  of  Glasgow, 
cotland,  noted  for  its  ship-building. 

White  Island,  off  the  North  Island  of  New  Zealand,  in 
he  Bay  of  Plenty,  is  in  lat.  37°  33'  S.,  Ion.  177°  14'  E.     It 
iconsists  of  an  active  volcano,  rising  to  between  1000  and 
500  feet  in  height. 

White  Island,  in  the  river  St.  Lawrence,  below  Que- 
bec, at  the  N.E.  end  of  Ilaro  Island,  is  about  5  miles  long. 

White  Lake,  a  body  of  water  in  Muskegon  co.,  Mich., 
6  miles  in  length.  It  communicates  with  Lake  Michigan, 
is  traversed  by  White  River,  and  forms  a  harbor  for  the 
town  of  Whitehall. 

White  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  in  White  Lake  township, 
Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  16  miles  AV.  of  Pontiac,  and  35  miles 
N.W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  3  churches.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 1002. 

White  Lake,  a  post-village  in  Bethel  township,  Sul- 
livan CO.,  N.Y.,  near  a  small  lake,  8  miles  W.  of  Monti- 
cello.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill.  The  lake  is  2 
miles  long. 

White  Lake,  a  post-village  in  Renfrew  co.,  Ontario, 
on  Waba  (or  AVhite)  Lake,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Arnprior.  It 
has  good  water-power,  and  contains  several  saw-,  grist-, 
and  carding-mills,  and  2  stores.     Pop.  200. 

White  Lake  Centre,  Michigan.    See  Ox  Bow. 

White  Lake  Corners,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oneida  co., 
N.Y.,  38  miles  N.  of  Utica.     It  has  a  lumber-mill. 

White'land,  a  post-village  of  Johnson  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Jefferson  ville,  Madison  <fc  Indianapolis  Railroad,  15  miles 
S.  by  E.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  a  church,  a  graded  school, 
a  flouring-mill,  and  a  newspajjor  office.     Pop.  about  .000. 

Whiteland,  a  station  in  Chester  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  27  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia. 

White'lets,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  and  li  miles  N.E. 
of  Ayr,  on  the  road  to  Galston.     Pop.  505. 

White'ley,  a  post-township  of  Greene  co..  Pa.,  about 
50  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg.     Pop.  977. 

Whiteleysburg,  whit'llz-biirg,  a  hamlet  of  Kent  co., 
Del.,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Grcensborough,  Md.,  and  on  the  line 
between  Delaware  and  Maryland.    It  has  about  10  families. 

Whiteleysburg,  a  post-office  of  Caroline  co.,  Md., 
about  44  miles  E.  of  Annapolis.  It  is  adjacent  to  White- 
leysburg, Del. 

White  Lick,  a  post-office  of  Boone  co.,  Ind.,  is  at  a 
hamlet  named  Fayette,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Indianapolis. 

WhiteMick'  Creek,  Indiana,  runs  southward  through 
Hendricks  co.,  and  enters  the  West  Fork  of  White  River  in 
Morgan  co.,  7  miles  above  JIartinsville. 

White  Lil'y,  a  post-office  of  Laurel  co.,  Ky.,  about 
37  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mount  Vernon. 

White  Marsh,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  N.C. 

White  Marsh,  a  township  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa., 
about  11  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Philadelphia,  is  bounded  on  the 


S.W.  by  the  Schuylkill  River.  It  contains  Fort  Wanhingtoa 
Station  on  the  North  Pennsylvania  Unilroud,  and  has  uiann- 
factures  of  iron  and  lime.     Pop.  3151. 

White  Marsh,  Gloucester  co.,  Va.  See  Hickory  Fonit. 

White  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hardin  co.,  Ky.,  58 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Louisville.  It  has  a  church  and  a  Hour- 
mill. 

White  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Honesdale  Branch  of  the  Erie  Railroad,  and  on  Lack- 
awa.xen  Creek,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Honesdale. 

White  Mound,  a  village  and  township  of  Jewell  co., 
Kansas,  about  9  miles  N.W.  of  Jewell  Centre.  Pop.  o' 
township,  492. 

White  Mound,  a  post-office  of  Grayson  co.,  Tex. 

White  Mound,  a  post-office  of  Sauk  co..  Wis. 

White  Mountains,  New  Hampshire,  are  mostly  in 
Coos  CO.  The  highest  peak  of  this  group  is  Mount  Wa.sh- 
ington,  which  rises  6288  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea. 
Among  the  other  summits  are  Mount  Adams,  Mount  Jef- 
ferson, Mount  Monroe,  Mount  Lafayette,  Mount  Madison, 
and  Mount  Willey.  The  nucleus  of  these  mountains  is 
formed  of  granite  and  gneiss.  The  Franconia  3(ountains 
form  the  W.  extension  of  the  group,  and  the  whole  are 
assigned  to  the  Appalachian  system. 

White  Mud  llivcr,  Manitoba.    See  Westboitrxe. 

White  Oak,  Alabama.    See  White  Oak  Springs. 

White  Oak,  a  post-office  of  Dorsey  co..  Ark. 

White  Oak,  a  station  in  Franklin  co..  Ark.,  on  the 
Little  Rock  &  Fort  Smith  Railroad,  7  miles  W.  of  Ozark. 

White  Oak,  a  township  of  El  Dorado  co.,  Cal.  P.  757. 

White  Oak,  a  township  of  McLean  co..  111.     P.  532. 

White  Oak,  a  post-offico  of  Montgomery  co..  III., 
about  23  miles  S.  of  Springfield. 

White  Oak,  a  station  of  the  St.  Louis,  Alton  i,  Terra 
Haute  Railroad,  25  miles  S.E.  of  Belleville,  111. 

White  Oak,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mahaska  co.,  Iowa,  in 
White  Oak  township,  9  miles  E.  of  Oskaloosa.  The  town- 
ship is  intersected  by  the  South  Skunk  River.  It  contains 
3  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  12J1. 

White  Oak,  a  township  of  Warren  co.,  Iowa.   P.  672. 

White  Oak,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co.,  Ky. 

Wliite  Oak,  a  post-township  of  Ingham  co.,  Mich. 
Pop.  979. 

White  Oak,  a  township  of  Harrison  co..  Mo.    P.  872. 

White  Oak,  a  township  of  Henry  co..  Mo.     P.  1357. 

W  hite  Oak,  post-township,  Bladen  co.,  N.C.    P.  1265. 

White  Oak,  a  township  of  Carteret  co.,  N.C.     P.  842. 

White  Oak,  a  township  of  Jones  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  959. 

White  Oak,  a  township  of  Wake  co.,  N.C.     P.  1680. 

White  Oak,  a  post-office  of  Brown  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cin- 
cinnati it  Eastern  Railroad,  42J  miles  E.  of  Cincinnati. 

White  Oak,  a  township  of  Highland  co.,  0.  P.  1052 

White  Oak,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co,.  Pa. 

Wliite  Oak,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co.,  S.C,  on  the 
Charlotte,  Columbia  <t  Augusta  Railroad,  46  miles  N.  of 
Columbia.     It  has  an  academy  and  a  church. 

While  Oak,  a  post-office  of  Williamson  co.,  Tenn. 

White  Oak,  a  post-village  of  Hopkins  co.,  Tc.t.,  38 
miles  N.  of  Mineola.     It  has  an  academy  and  a  church. 

White  Oak,  a  post-office  of  Ritchie  co.,  W.  Va. 

White  Oak  Creek,  of  Georgia,  flows  through  Meri- 
wether CO.  into  Flint  River. 

White  Oak  Creek,  of  Ohio,  rises  in  Highland  co., 
runs  southward  through  Brown  CO.,  and  enters  the  Ohio 
River  about  8  miles  below  Ripley. 

W'hite  Oak  Creek,  of  Tennessee,  rises  in  Fentress  co., 
runs  nearly  eastward,  and  enters  the  New  River  in  Scott  co. 

White  Oak  Creek,  of  West  Tennessee,  flows  east- 
ward, and  enters  Tennessee  River  in  Hardin  co. 

White  Oak  Creek,  of  Texas,  runs  eastward  through 
Titus  CO.,  and  enters  the  Sulphur  Fork  olf  Red  River. 

White  Oak  Gap,  a  post-office  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ky. 

White  Oak  Grove,  a  jiost-office  of  Greene  co..  Mo. 

White  Oak  Hall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  N.C,  on 
Broad  River,  23  miles  N.  of  Spartanburg,  S.C. 

White  Oak  Point,  a  post-office  of  Fayette  co..  111. 

White  Oaks,  a  township  of  Onslow  co.,  N.C.  P.  1280. 

W  hite  Oak  Spring,  a  hamlet  of  Webster  co.,  Mo.,  6 
miles  N.W.  of  Niangua.     It  has  a  church. 

White  Oak  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Barbour  co., 
Ala.,  on  the  Vicksburg  &  Brunswick  Railroad,  at  White 
Oak  Station.  13  miles  \Y,  of  Eul'aula. 

White  Oak  Springs,  a  post-offico  of  Brown  eo.,  IIU, 
7  miles  S.W.  of  Versailles. 

White  Oak  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of 
Lafayette  co.,  Wis.,  about  22  miles  E.  of  Dubuque,  lowk. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  446. 


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White  Pigeon,  plj'iln,  post-office,  Whitesidos  cc,  111. 

White  Pigeon,  a  ])ogt-uanilct  of  Kookuk  co.,  Iowa, 
12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Sigournoy.     It  has  a  church. 

White  Pigeon,  a  post-village  in  White  Pigeon  town- 
ship, St.  Joseph  CO.,  Mich.,  on  a  creek  of  the  same  name, 
nnii  on  the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Uailroad,  at 
the  S.  terminus  of  the  Kalamazoo  division  of  the  same.  It 
is  120  miles  E.  of  Chicago,  4  miles  S.  of  Constantino,  and 
19  miles  lil.N.E.  of  Elkhart,  Ind.  It  contains  a  bank,  a 
newspaper  office,  a  union  school,  6  churches,  a  woollcn-niill, 
and  a  manufac;torj  of  sash  and  blinds.  Pop.  922;  of  the 
township,  171.S. 

White  Pine,  a  large  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Nevada, 
bordering  on  Utah,  is  a  portion  of  the  Groat  Basin  (which 
sec).  The  surface  is  a  high  table-land,  destitute  of  timber, 
and  diversified  by  several  mountain-ridgca,  the  direction  of 
which  is  N.  and  S.  Fresh  water  is  scarce  in  this  county, 
which  has  no  rivers  or  permanent  streams.  The  soil  is 
mostly  sterile,  but  some  of  the  valleys  produce  pasture  and 
potatoes.  Silver  is  the  chief  article  of  export.  It  is  ob- 
tained from  quartz  rock.  Capital,  Hamilton.  Valuation 
of  real  and  personal  estate,  $4,667,876.  Pop.  in  1870,  7189; 
in  1875,  2.S57;  in  1880,  2682. 

White  Pine,  a  post-office  of  Lycoming  oc,  Pa.,  about 
18  miles  N.W.  of  Williamsport. 

White  Pine,  a  post-hamlct  of  Jefferson  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Cincinnati,  Cumberland  Gap  <fc  Charleston  Kailrood,  10 
miles  S.  of  Morristown.     Here  is  a  seminary. 

White  Pine,  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  co.,  W.  Va. 

White  Pine  Mountains,  a  range  in  Nye  and  White 
Pino  COS.,  Nevada. 

White  Plain,  a  township  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C. 
Pop.  1342. 

White  Plains,  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  co.,  Ala. 

White  Plains,  a  handsome  post-village  of  Greene  co., 
Ga.,  12  miles  S.W.  of  Crawfordvillo,  and  about  75  miles  W. 
of  Augusta.  It  contains  the  Dawson  Institute,  3  churches, 
and  a  carriage-factory. 

White  Plains,  a  post-hamlct  of  Hopkins  co.,  Ky.,  on 
the  Louisville,  Paducah  &  Southwestern  llailroad,  79  miles 
E.  of  Paducah.     It  has  a  drug-store. 

White  Plains,  a  post-office  of  Charles  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Baltimore  &  Potomac  Railroad,  near  the  Potomac,  59 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Baltimore. 

White  Plains,  a  post-office  of  Churchill  co.,  Nev.,  on 
the  Central  Pacific  llailroad,  68  miles  N.E.  of  Reno. 

White  Plains,  a  post-village  and  one  of  the  capitals 
of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  in  White  Plains  township,  on 
the  New  York  &  Harlem  Railroad,  22  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
the  Grand  Central  Depot  of  New  York.  It  has  a  court- 
house, 6  churches,  2  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  the 
Ale.xander  Institute.  Near  this  place  the  battle  of  White 
Plains  was  fought,  October  28,  1776,  General  Washington 
commanded  the  Americans  in  this  action.  Pop.  in  1890, 
4042:  of  the  township,  4508. 

White  Plains,  a  post-office  of  Surry  co.,  N.C. 

White  Plains,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chesterfield  co.,  S.C, 
22  miles  S.E.  of  Monroe,  N.C.     It  has  a  church. 

White  Plains,  a  post-office  of  Brunswick  co.,  Va., 
about  66  miles  S.S.W.  of  Petersburg. 

White  Pond,  a  post-office  of  Barbour  co.,  Ala. 

White'port,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ulster  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
"Wallkill  Valley  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Rosendale,  and  4 
miles  S.W.  of  Kingston.     It  has  a  manufactory  of  cement. 

White  Post,  a  township  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ind.     P.  785. 

White  Post,  a  post-office  of  Pike  co.,  Ky. 

White  Post,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarke  co.,  Va.,  10  or 
12  miles  S.S.E.  of  AVinchester.  It  has  2  churches  and  an 
academy.     Pop.  192. 

White  River,  of  Arkansas,  rises  in  the  N.W.  part  of 
the  state  by  several  small  branches,  runs  northeastward 
into  Missouri,  traverses  Stone  and  Taney  cos.  in  that  state, 
and  returns  into  Arkansas,  running  southeastward  through 
the  COS.  of  Marion,  Baxter,  and  Independence  to  the  mouth 
of  Black  River.  Below  this  point  it  flows  southward  until  it 
enters  the  Mississippi  River  about  14  miles  above  the  mouth 
of  the  Arkansas.  It«  length  is  estimated  at  800  miles. 
Steamboats  can  ascend  it  to  Jacksonport,  nearly  300  miles, 
in  all  stages  of  water.  Its  chief  affluents  are  Black  River, 
the  Buffalo  Fork,  James  River,  and  Bryant's  Fork. 

White  River,  of  Indiana,  is  formed  by  its  East  and 
West  Forks,  which  unite  at  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Knox  co. 
It  runs  in  a  W.S.W.  direction,  and  enters  the  AVabash  River 
near  Mount  Carmel,  and  about  25  miles  below  Vincennes. 
Its  mouth  is  only  30  miles  in  a  direct  line  from  the  junction 
of  its  forks.  The  longer  of  these  is  the  West  Fork,  which 
rises  in  Randolph  co.  and  runs  nearly  westward  to  Hamilton 


CO.,  which  it  intersects,  and  then  flows  south  westward  thromrbi 

ann '""'•/''"  ^""""d'"""?""'  ""'""'  ""'>  "^''«"«-  Uisabouil 
300  miles  long.  The  largest  towns  on  its  banks  arc  In  ' 
dianapohs,  Anderson,  and  Muncie.  The  Kiuit  Fork  oi' 
Driftwood  Fork,  rises  in  Henry  co.,  and  is  called  the  Bin! 
River  in  the  first  part  of  its  course.  Its  general  direction 
is  southwestward.  It  intersects  the  cos.  of  Shelby,  Har 
tholomew,  Jackson,  and  Lawrence.  Its  length  is  estimated 
at  270  miles. 

White  River,  of  Michigan,  rises  In  Newaygo  co.,rom! 
southwestward  through  Oceana  co.,  passes  through  Vviiite' 
Lake,  and  enters  Lake  Michigan  about  16  miles  N.W.  of  i 
Muskegon.  "    '      I 

White  River,  an  affluent  of  the  Missouri,  rises  in  tW 
extreme  western  part  of  Nebraska,  and  runs  nortlieiistwiirdi 
into  South  Dakota.  It  intersects  the  desolate  region  cnllcd' 
Muuvaisei  Terres,  and  finally  runs  eastward  and  enters  tlinl 
Missouri  River  in  South  Dakota  near  lat.  43°  40'  N.  Itjl 
length  is  estimated  at  330  miles.  I 

White  River,  of  Utah,  rises  in  the  Wnhsatch  Range 
runs  S.E.,  and  enters  the  Green  River  in  San  Pete  co.       ' 

White  River,  of  Vermont,  rises  in  Addison  co.,  rum 
southeastward  through  Windsor  co.,  and  enters  the  Con- 
necticut River  about  10  miles  E.  of  Woodstock.  It  receives 
from  the  N.  three  affluents,  called  the  First,  Second  and 
East  Branches,  which  rise  in  Orange  co. 

White  River,  of  Washington,  rises  in  the  Cascade 
Range,  in  the  E.  part  of  Pierce  co.     It  runs  nearly  N.W.,  i 
and  unites  with  the  Green  River  to  form  the  Dwamish.       1 

White  River,  a  post-office  of  Desha  co.,  Ark.,  on  th«  ' 
Mississippi  River,  near  the  mouth  of  White  River.  i 

White  River,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Tulare 
CO.,  Cal.,  25  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Delano.  Gold  is  found  here. 
Pop.  of  township,  120. 

White  River,  a  post-office  and  Indian  agency  of  Sum- ' 
mit  CO.,  Col. 

White  River,  a  township  of  Gibson  co.,  Ind.  P.  2174. 

White  River,  township,  Hamilton  co.,  Ind.    P.  2047. 

White  River,  township,  Johnson  co.,  Ind.    P.  1755. 

White  River,  township,  Randolph  co.,  Ind.    P.  4069. 

White  River,  a  post-hamlct  in  White  River  township, 
Muskegon  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Michigan,  at  the  mouth  of 
AVhite  River,  about  17  miles  N.AV.  of  Muskegon.  It  has  a 
lumber-mill.  Pop.  of  the  township,  706.  Fruit  ii  ex- 
ported from  it. 

White  River,  a  township  of  Barry  co..  Mo.    P.  756. 

White  Rock,  township,  McDonald  co.,  Mo.    Pop.  344. 

White  River,  a  post-office  of  King  co.,  Washington. 

White  River  Junction,  a  post-village  in  Hartford 
township,  AVindsor  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  at 
the  mouth  of  AVhite  River,  64  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Montpclier, 
14  miles  E.  of  AVoodstock,  and  142  miles  N.W.  of  Boston. 
It  is  at  the  junction  of  several  railroads, — the  Passuinpsic, 
the  Northern  Railroad  of  New  Hampshire,  the  Woodstock, 
and  the  Central  and  Southern  divisions  of  the  A'ermont 
Central.  It  has  a  good  hotel,  a  railroad-bridge  over  the 
Connecticut  River,  and  3  churches. 

White  Road,  a  post-office  of  Forsyth  co.,  N.C. 

White  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co..  Ark, 

White  Rock,  a  station  of  the  Sacramento  <t  Plocer- 
villo  Railroad,  29  miles  E.  of  Sacramento,  Cal. 

White  Rock,  a  post-hamlct  of  Ogle  co.,  HI.,  in  AVhite 
Rock  township,  4  miles  from  Ilolcoinb  Station,  and  about 
18  miles  S.  of  Rockford.  The  township  has  4  churches. 
Limestone  is  found  here.     Pop.  of  the  township,  999. 

White  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Republic  co.,  Kansas, 
in  AVhite  Rock  township,  18  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Bcllevillo. 
It  has  a  plough-factory  and  a  saw-mill.  The  township  il 
traversed  by  Republican  River.     Pop.  of  township,  490. 

White  Rock,  a  post-hamlct  of  Cumberland  co..  Me., 
on  the  Portland  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  13i  miles  N.AV. 
of  Portland.     It  has  a  church. 

White  Rock,  a  post-village  in  AVhite  Rock  township, 
Huron  co.,  Mich.,  on  Lake  Huron,  50  miles  N.  of  Port 
Huron.  It  has  2  churches  and  2  saw-mills.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  300. 

White  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minn.,  18 
miles  S.AV,  of  Red  AVing.  It  has  a  grist-mill,  a  tannery, 
and  a  chapel. 

White  Rock,  township,  McDonald  co..  Mo.    Pop.  344. 

White  Rock,  a  post-office  and  mining-camp  of  Elko 
CO.,  Nevada,  on  or  near  the  Bull  Run  Mountain,  75  miles 
from  Elko.     It  has  a  rich  silver-mine. 

White  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Madison  co.,  N.C. 

White  Rock,  a  station  in  Armstrong  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  River  and  the  Alleghany  A'alley  Railroad,  33 
miles  N.£.  of  Pittsburg. 


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White  Rock,  a  station  in  Fayetto  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Pitts- 
burg, Connellsville  &  Cumberland  Railroad,  nt  tlie  junction 
»f  the  Fayette  County  Kailroad,  1  mile  S.  of  Conncllsvillfe. 
I  White  Rock,  a  post-hamlet  in  Colerain  township,  Lan- 
■caster  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Peach  Bottom  Railroad,  about  8  miles 
hV.  of  Oxford. 

(  White  Rock,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  R.I., 
(2  miles  N.  of  Westerly.  It  has  a  cotton-mill  on  Pavfcatuck 
IRiver. 

i  White  Rock,  a  post-hamlct  of  Hunt  co.,  Tox.,  about 
!38  miles  S.E.  of  Sherman.  It  has  a  church  and  2  or  3 
Istores. 

I  White  Rock,  a  post-office  of  Bedford  co.,  Va.,  on 
iStaunton  River. 

j  White  Rock  Creek,  Texas,  rises  in  Houston  co.,  runs 
southward  through  Trinity  co.,  and  enters  Trinity  River. 

White  Rock  Landing,  Meigs  co.,  0.,  is  on  the  Ohio 
River,  2i  miles  above  Pomeroy, 

(     White  Rock  Mills,  a  station  on  the  Denver  &  Boul- 
Ider  Valley  Railroad,  5  miles  from  Boulder,  Col. 
!     White  Rock  Mills,  a  post-village  in  Kings  co..  Nova 
IScotia,  on  the  Gaspereaux  River,  3  miles  from  Port  Wil- 
'liams  Station.     Pop.  J  50. 

'  White  Rock  Mountain,  Colorado,  a  peak  of  the  Elk 
'Mountains,  in  lat.  38°  68'  30"  N.,  Ion,  106°  55'  10"  W, 
jits  altitude  is  13,357  feet  above  the  soa-lcvel.  It  was 
■named  from  the  white  volcanic  rock  with  which  it  is  capped. 
I  White  Rocks,  a  post-office  of  Wasatch  co,,  Utah,  at 
'the  Uintah  Valley  Indian  Agency. 

i  White  Rose,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  4 
I  miles  from  Aurora,     Pop.  130, 

White  Run,  a  post-office  of  Grayson  co.,  Ky. 
White's,  or  White's  Switch,  a  station  in  White 
^eo..  111.,  on  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of 
Enfield. 
White's,  Michigan  and  Tennessee.    See  White's  Sta- 

TIOK, 

White's,  a  post-office  of  Meagher  co.,  Montana. 

White's,  a  township  of  Bertie  co.,  N.C,     Pop,  1025. 

White's,  a  post-office  of  Caroline  co.,  Va. 

White's,  a  station  in  Spottsylvania  co.,  Va.,  on  the 
Potomac,  Fredericksburg  &  Piedmont  Railroad,  5  miles  W. 
of  Fredericksburg, 

White  Salmon,  sara'on,  a  post-office  of  Klikitat  co,, 
Washington,  on  the  Columbia  River,  20  miles  below  The 
Dalles, 

White  Salmon  River,  a  small  stream  of  Skamania 
CO.,  Washington,  flows  southeastward  into  tho  Columbia 
Riv.er, 

White  Sand,  a  hamlet  of  Greenville  co,,  S.C.,  12  miles 
N.E.  of  Belton  Station.  It  has  2  churches,  and  manufac- 
tures of  cotton  and  ropes. 

White's  Bend,  a  post-office  of  Davidson  co.,  Tenn. 

Whitesborough,  whits'bur-ruh,  or  Whites'town, 
a  post-village  in  Whitestown  township,  Oneida  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Mohawk  River,  the  Erie  Canal,  and  the  New  York 
Central  Railroad,  4  miles  N,W,  of  Utica.  It  has  4  churches, 
a  seminary,  a  town  hall,  an  iron-foundry  witli  machine- 
shop,  a  cheese-factory,  a  brick-yard,  and  a  planing-mill. 
The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Whitestown.  Pop,  of  the 
village  in  1880,  1370. 

Whitesborough,  a  post-village  of  Grayson  oo.,  Tex., 
on  the  Denison  <fc  Pacific  Railroad,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Deni- 
Bon,  and  18  miles  AV.  of  Sherman.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
college,  and  a  money-order  post-office.     Pop.  about  800. 

White's  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Fresno  co.,  Cal, 

Whitesburg,  whits'burg,  a.  post-hamlet  of  Madison 
CO.,  Ala.,  on  the  Tennessee  River,  about  12  miles  S.  of 
lluntsvillo. 

Whitesburg,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Savannah,  Griffin  &  North  Alabama  Railroad,  12  miles 
S.E.  of  Carrollton,  and  about  44  miles  AV.S.W.  of  Atlanta. 
It  has  a  seminary  and  2  churches.     Pop.  about  400. 

Whitesburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Letcher  co., 
Ky.,  on  the  North  Fork  of  the  Kentucky  River,  about  125 
miles  K.S.E.  of  Lexington. 

Whitesburg,  a  hamlet  of  Tbetford  township,  Genesee 
CO.,  Mich.,  near  Rogersville. 

Whitesburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa., 
about  34  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Whitesburg,  a  post-village  of  Hamblen  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
the  Eiist  Tennessee,  Virginia  <t  Georgia  Railroad,  10  miles 
E.  of  Morristown.  It  has  2  churches.  Largo  quantities  of 
▼ariegated  marble  are  quarried  in  the  vicinity  and  shipped 
here.     Pop.  about  400. 

White's  Corner,  a  post-office  of  Waldo  co.,  Me.,  15 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Bangor. 


White's  Corners,  Erie  co.,  N.Y.    Sec  IlAMDuno. 

White's  Corners,  a  post-office  of  Potter  co.,  Pa. 

White's  Creek,  township,  Bladen  co.,  N.C.    P.  1440. 

White's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Davidson  oo.,  Tenn., 
7  miles  N.  of  Nashville.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill, 
and  several  ice-houses. 

White's  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  oo.,  W.  Va., 
10  miles  S.W.  of  Huntington.     It  has  a  church. 

White  Sea  (Russ.  Ilieloe  More,  be-i'lo-i  mo'rA;  Fr. 
Mer  Blanche,  maia  bl6Nsh ;  Oer.  ]Veiste»  Meer,  i^is's^s 
main),  called  also  tho  Gulf  of  Archangel,  a  vast  gulf  of 
the  Arctic  Ocean,  the  entrance  of  which  is  formed  by  Cape 
Sviatoi  (Sviatoi-Nos),  lat.  68°  10'  N.,  Ion.  39°  47'  E.,  and 
Cape  Kanin,  lat.  68°  39'  2"  N.,  Ion.  43°  32'  6"  E.  It  extends 
S.  and  S.W.  into  European  Russia,  between  Lapland  and 
Archangel,  380  miles;  breadth,  from  30  to  150  miles.  Area, 
estimated  at  45,000  square  miles.  On  the  N.W.  it  forms 
the  Gulf  of  Kandalaska,  and  on  tho  S.  the  Gulf  of  Onega  and 
Archangel  Bay.  Tho  chief  affluents  are  the  Mezen,  D  wina, 
Onega,  and  Vig.  It  is  deep  and  navigable  for  large  ves- 
sels, except  nt  the  mouth  of  the  Dwina,  where  there  are 
large  sand-banks ;  the  greater  portion  is  frozen  over  from 
October  till  May.  It  contains  Solovetskoi  Island,  and 
abounds  in  herring  and  codfish. 

White  Shoals,  a  post-hamlet  of  Loe  co.,  Va.,  8  miles 
S.W.  of  Joncsville.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Whiteside,  whit'sid, a  northwestern  county  of  Illinois, 
bordering  on  Iowa,  has  an  area  of  about  700  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  tho  Mississippi  River,  is  in- 
tersected by  Rock  River,  which  affords  much  water-power, 
and  also  drained  by  Elkhorn  and  Little  Rock  Creeks.  The 
surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level.  The  soil  is  very  fer- 
tile. A  large  part  of  the  county  is  prairie,  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  oats,  cattle,  hay,  butter,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products,  Silurian  limestone  underlies  a  large  part  of  the 
surface.  This  county  is  intersected  by  3  railroads, — the 
Chicago  &  Northwestern,  the  St,  Louis,  Rock  Island  & 
Chicago,  and  the  Mendota  <fc  Clinton,  Capital,  Morrison. 
Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $18,845,560.  Pop. 
in  1870,  27,503,  of  whom  22,913  wore  Americans;  in  18S0, 
30,885. 

Whiteside,  a  post-village  of  Marion  co.,  Tenn.,  near 
the  Tennessee  River,  and  on  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  <fc 
St,  Louis  Railroad,  14  miles  W,  of  Chattanooga, 

Whiteside  Cove,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  N.C, 

White's  Mill,  a  post-office  and  mill  of  Garland  co,, 
Ark.,  15  miles  from  Hot  Springs, 

White's  Mill,  Defiance  co.,  0,    See  White  City. 

White's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Logan  co,,  W.  Va. 

White  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hamilton  co.,  Fla., 
8  miles  N.  of  Wellborn.  It  has  a  church  and  a  large  min- 
eral spring. 

White's  Station,  a  post-hamlct  of  Calhoun  co.,  Mich,, 
on  the  Kalamazoo  River,  and  on  tho  Michigan  Central  Rail- 
road, 8  miles  W.  of  Marshall,    It  has  a  large  flouring-uiill. 

White's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad,  9  miles  E,  of  Mem- 
phis.    It  has  4  churches. 

White's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Howard  co,.  Mo.,  9 
miles  S.E.  of  Fayette. 

White's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chenango  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Now  Berlin  Branch  of  the  Midland  Railroad,  14 
miles  N.  of  Sidney  Plains,     It  has  a  church  and  a  mill. 

White's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Anson  co,,  N.C, 

White's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co,,  Tenn. 

Whitestone,  whit'stOn,  a  post-village  of  Queens  co., 
N.Y.,  in  Flushing  township,  on  the  Flushing  &  North  Side 
Railroad,  and  on  Long  Island  Sound,  Hi  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Brooklyn.  It  has  4  churches,  a  large  summer  hotel,  a  news- 
paper office,  a  public  hall,  a  savings-bank,  and  a  large 
manufactory  of  tin-ware.  Steamboats  ply  regularly  be- 
tween Whitestone  and  New  York,  which  is  12  miles  dis- 
tant, and  about  40  railroad-trains  from  New  York  arrive 
and  depart  daily.     Pop.  in  1890,  2808. 

White  Stone,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co.,  Va. 

Whitestown,  whits'tSwn,  a  post-village  of  Boone  c»., 
Ind.,  in  Worth  township,  on  the  Indianapolis,  Cincinnati 
&  Lafayette  Railroad,  20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Indianapolis. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  high  school,  and  several  factories.  Poj). 
about  450. 

Whitestown,  Oneida  co,,  N,Y.    See  WHiTEsnonouGn. 

Whitestown,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co..  Pa.,  about  30 
miles  N.  of  Pittsburg. 

Whitestown,  a  township  of  Vernon  co..  Wis.    P.  747. 

White  Sul'phur,  a  post-hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Ky.,  9 
miles  W.  of  Georgetown.  It  has  2  churches,  a  Catholic 
academy,  and  a  manufactory  of  cultivators. 


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White  Sulphnr,  a  post-bamlet  in  Scioto  township, 
Delaware  cc,  0.,  on  the  Scioto  River,  and  on  a  railroad,  5 
or  6  miles  W.  of  Delaware,  and  about  26  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Culuiiibus.     It  hns  foveral  churclios. 

>Vhitc  Sulphur  Springs,  a  summer  resort  of  Hall 
00.,  (ia.,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Uiiincsville,  and  2  miles  from 
While  Sulphur  Springs  Station  of  the  Atlanta  <k  Charlotte 
Air- Lino,  ilcro  is  a  line  hotel.  The  post-office  is  Sulphur 
Springs. 

>Vhite  Sulphnr  Springs,  a  post-hanilct  and  water- 
ing-place of  Meriwether  oo.,  Oa.,  about  38  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Columbus.     It  has  2  churches  and  several  mineral  springs. 

White  Sulphur  Springes,  a  post-oflic^  of  Catahoula 
parish,  La.,  about  25  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Alexandria. 

White  Sulphur  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Meagher 
CO.,  Montana. 

White  Sulphnr  Springs,  a  post-villnge  and  water- 
ing-place of  Cass  CO.,  Tex.,  20  miles  from  Lanark.  It  has 
a  church. 

White  Sulphur  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Green- 
brier CO.,  W.  Va.,  and  formerly  the  most  popular  summer 
resort  in  the  Southern  States,  is  situated  on  the  Chesapeake 
A  Ohio  llailroad,  227  miles  W.  of  Richmond,  and  141  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Charleston.  It  is  pleasantly  located  in  a  valley, 
and  is  surrounded  by  beautiful  mountain-scenery.  It  has 
several  fine  hotels  and  mineral  springs. 

White's  VaI'ley,  a  post-ollice  of  Wayne  co..  Pa. 

M'hilesville,  whits'vll,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Fla. 

Whitesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Harris  co.,  Qa.,  27  miles 
N.  of  Columbus.     It  has  an  academy  and  2  churches. 

Whitesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Tnd., 
in  Union  township,  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  A  Chi- 
cago Railroad,  7  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Crawfordsvillo.  It  has  a 
graded  school,  a  saw-mill,  Ac.     Pop.  129. 

Whitesville,  a  post-villnge  of  Daviess  oo.,  Ky.,  15 
miles  S.E.  of  Oweneborough.  It  has  3  churches,  a  high 
school,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  400. 

Whitesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Andrew  co..  Mo.,  on  the 
Platte  River,  about  26  miles  N.  by  E.  of  St.  Joseph.  It 
has  2  churches  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Whitesville,  a  hamlet  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  2  miles  from 
Bricksburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Whitesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.,  9 
miles  S.  of  Andover  Station,  and  about  32  miles  S.W.  of 
Both.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  foundry. 

Whitesville,  Jefferson  oo.,  N.Y.     See  East  Rodman. 

White  Swan,  a  post-village  of  Charles  Mix  co.,  Da- 
kota, on  the  Missouri  River,  opposite  Fort  Randall. 

White  Top,  a  post-office  of  Grayson  co.,  Va. 

Whitc'vale  (formerly  Ma'jorville),  a  post-village  in 
Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  6  miles  E.  of  Markham.  It  contains 
a  woollen-factory,  saw-,  grist-,  and  planing-mills,  and  sev- 
eral stores.     Pop.  250. 

Whiteville,  whlt'vH,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baxter  co., 
Ark.,  8  miles  \V.  of  Mountain  Home,  and  2  miles  E.  of 
White  River.     It  has  2  churches. 

Whiteville,  Effingham  co.,  Ga.     See  Guyton. 

Whiteville,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Landry  parish,  La.,  on  the 
Bayou  Boeuf,  15  miles  N.  of  Opelousas. 

Whiteville,  a  hamlet  of  Monmouth  oo.,  N.J.,  1  mile 
from  Asbury  Park. 

Whiteville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Columbus  co., 
N.C.,  in  Whiteville  township,  near  the  Wilmington,  Colum- 
bia A  Augusta  Railroad,  45  miles  W.  of  Wilmington.  Pop. 
in  1880,  .S43  ;  of  the  township,  2670. 

Whiteville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hardeman  co.,  Tenn.,  12 
miles  N.W.  of  Bolivar,  and  about  60  miles  E.  by  N.  of 
Memphis.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 

Whiteville  Depot,  a  post-office  of  Columbus  co., 
N.C.,  on  the  Wilmington,  Columbia  A  Augusta  Railroad,  45 
miles  W.  of  Wilmington. 

White'water,  township,  Franklin  co.,  Ind.     P.  1467. 

Whitewater,  a  post-hamlet  in  Franklin  township, 
Wayne  co.,  Ind.,  on  a  branch  of  Whitewater  River,  about 
9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Richmond,     Pop.  144.       • 

Whitewater,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  Nation,  Indian 
Territory. 

Whitewater,  township,  Dubuque  co.,  Iowa.    P.  1067. 

Whitewater,  a  post-office  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas,  about 
60  miles  \V.S.W.  of  Emporia. 

Whitewater,  a  township  of  Grand  Traverse  co.,  Mich. 
Pop.  608. 

White  Water,  Missouri.     See  StRonERViLLE. 

Whitewater,  a  township  of  Cape  Girardeau  co.,  Mo. 
Pop.  1226. 

Whitewater,  a  post-office  of  Phelps  co..  Neb. 

Whitewater,  township,  Hamilton  co.,  0.    Pop.  1609. 


M'hitewater,  a  Shaker  village  of  Ilamllton  co  '  u 
Crosby  township,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Harrison.  IthMacll,* 
fcnd  a  broom-factory.     Pop.  123. 

Whitewater,  a  township  of  Oconee  co.,  B.C.    P.  g 

Whitewater,  a  post-village  in  Whitewater  townL 
Walworth  co..  Wis.,  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  .^t.  |ui 
Railroad,  61  miles  W.S.W.  of  Milwaukee,  and  45  iL 
E.S.E.  of  Madison.  It  contains  10  churches,  a  noL 
school,  a  national  bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  a  colic  u 
institute.  It  has  manufactures  of  reapers,  furniture,  waiU 
sash,  blinds,  Ao.  This  is  the  most  populous  village  or  I L' 
in  the  county.     Pop.  about  4000  ;  of  the  town8hi|.,  4;i'. 

Whitewater  Creek,  Kansas,  runs  southwanl  ilinU 
Butler  and  Cowley  cos.,  and  enters  iho  Arknncas  II If 
about  12  miles  S.  of  Winfield.     It  is  nearly  125  miles  IK 

White  Water  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Winona  L 
Minn.,  in  White  Water  township,  on  the  Minnciska  Ui  r' 
about  22  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Winona.  * 

Whitewater  River,  Indiana,  is  formed  by  brnm L 
called  Martindale  Creek  and  Green's  and  Noland't  Fo l 
It  runs  southward  through  Fayette  co.  and  soulhoiiftw  j 
through  Franklin  co.,  and  enters  the  Miami  River  in  11: . 
ilton  CO.,  0.     It  is  about  120  miles  long,  including  on» 
the  forks.     An  affluent  called  the  East  Branch  pajfci 
the  city  of  Richmond,  runs  southward,  and  enters  the  u 
river  at  Brookville. 

Whitewater  River,  Missouri,  runs  southward  throi 
the  cos.  of  Cape  Girardeau  and  Stoddard.  It  is  connec 
with  several  lakes  and  swamps  in  the  region  wbicb  i 
damaged  by  an  earthquake  in  1811. 

White  Willow,  a  post-office  of  Kendall  co..  Ill 
miles  N.W.  of  Minooka. 

White  Willow,  a  post-office  of  Goodhue  co.,  Minn. 

White'wood,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  6  mi 
N.W.  of  Detroit. 

Whitewood,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co.,  S.D 

White  Wright,  whit'rit,  a  post-village  of  IJrayson  c 
Tex.,  on  the  Dcnison  A  Southeastern  Railroad,  20  miles  S. 
of  Denison.     It  has  several  stores. 

Whitfield,  whit'feeld,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Geo 
gia,  bordering  on  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of  about  360  squa 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Connasauga  Hive 
The  surface  is  hilly  or  mountainous,  and  is  mostly  coverr 
with  forests  of  the  hickory,  chestnut,  oak,  beecli,  Ac.  Ii 
dian  corn,  wheat,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  product 
This  county  is  partly  intersected  by  the  Sclma,  Koine 
Dalton,  Western  A  Atlantic,  and  East  Tennessee,  Virgin 
A  Georgia  Railroads.  These  all  meet  at  Dalton,  wbith 
the  capital  of  the  county.  Valuation  of  real  and  pcnioni 
estate,  $1,922,169.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,117,  of  whom  10,01 
were  Americans;  in  1880,  11,900. 

Whitfield,  a  station  in  Troup  co.,  Ga.,  on  the  Atlant 
A  West  Point  Railroad,  26  miles  N.E.  of  West  Point. 

Whitfield,  a  station  in  Jefferson  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Bur 
lington  A  Mis^souri  River  Railroad,  6  miles  W.  of  Fairfield 

Whitfield,  a  post-office  of  Graham  co.,  Kansas. 

Whitfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hickman  co.,  Tenn.,  1! 
miles  W.  of  Centrevillo.     It  has  a  church. 

Whit'lield,  a  post-village  in  Simcoe  co.,  Ontario,  11 
miles  from  Orangeville.     Pop.  150. 

Whit'horn  (Leucophibia,  Ptolemy;  Candida  C(iia,\ 
Bedc),  a  parliamentary  and  municipal  borough  and  town 
of  Scotland,  co.  of  Wigtown,  on  the  ])eninsula  between  l.uce 
and  Wigtown  Bays,  about  4  miles  N.  of  Burrow-Ilcad,  and 
3  miles  N.AV.  of  its  port  at  the  Isle  of  Whithorn.  Pop.  of 
parliamentary  borough,  1577.  The  town  has  a  town  hall, 
a  jail,  and  several  churches.  The  borough,  with  M'igtown, 
Stranraer,  and  New  Galloway,  sends  one  meuibor  to  the 
Hou.»e  of  Commons.     See  also  Isle  ok  AViiitiioii.v. 

Wlii'ting,  a  post-village  of  Escambia  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Mobile  A  Montgomery  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  I'en- 
sacola  Railroad,  44  miles  N.  of  Pensacola,  and  6  miles  S.W. 
of  Pollard.  It  has  2  churches.  The  name  of  iu  station  is 
Junction. 

Whiting,  a  village  of  Shelby  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  South  A 
North  Alabama  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Calera-  Lime  and 
lumber  are  shipped  here.     Here  is  Longvicw  Post-Office. 

Whiting,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Lake  co.,  Ind., 
near  Lake  Michigan,  on  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan 
Southern  Railroad,  17  miles  S.E.  of  Chicago. 

Whiting,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monona  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Sioux  City  A  Pacific  Railroad,  29  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Sioux 
City. 

Whiting,  a  post-village  in  Whiting  township,  JackJon 
CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Central  Branch  Union  Pacific  Railroad, 
31  miles  W.  of  Atchison.  It  has  a  broom-factory.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  672. 


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Whiting,  a  post-hamlet  in  Whiting  township,  Wash- 

ngton  CO.,  Mo.,  on  an  inlet  of  the  sea,  13  miles  8.W.  of 
^ustport.     It  has  2  churohos,  and  manufactures  of  lumber. 

'op.  of  the  township,  ■414. 
whiting,  Putnam  co.,  Mo.     See  Lruon's. 

Whiting,  a  post-haiulct  of  Ocean  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  New 

erse^'  Southern  Railroad,  at  its  Junction  with  the  Tucker- 
on  Railroad,  29  miles  N.  of  Tuckerton,  and  24  miles  E.  of 

ount  Holly.     It  has  2  churches. 

Whiting,  a  post-hamlet  in  Whiting  township,  Addison 

}.,  Vt.,  on  the  Addison  Railroad,  25  miles  N.N.  W.  of  Rut- 
and.  It  has  2  churches.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  Otter  Creek,  and  has  a  pop.  of  430. 

Whi'tinghnin,  a  post-township  forming  the  S.W.  ex- 
remity  of  Windham  co.,  V't.,  about  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Rcn- 

ington.     It  has  manufactures  of  chairs,  leather,  and  lum- 

er,  and  quarries  of  limestone.     It  contains  villages  named 

acksonvillo,  Whitinghara,  ond  Sadawga.     Pop.  1263. 

Whi'tins,  a  station  on  the   Providence  h,  Worcester 

.ailroad,  17i  miles  S.S.B.  of  Worcester,  Mass. 

Whi'tinsville,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 
Northbridgo  township,  about  40  miles  S.W.  of  Boston, 
t  has  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  4  churches,  a  high 
ichool,  and  manufactures  of  cotton  goods  and  cotton  ma- 
chinery.   It  is  1  §  miles  W.  of  Whitin's  Station  of  the  Provi- 
Idcnee  ct  Worcester  Railroad. 

I  Wliitley,  whit'Io,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Indiana, 
pas  an  area  of  about  320  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
|by  the  Eel  River,  which  runs  southwestward.  The  surface 
lis  partly  undulating  and  partly  level.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
jForests  of  the  ash,  beech,  hickory,  oak,  sugar-maple,  and 
Bther  trees  cover  nearly  half  of  the  surface.  Wheat,  In- 
dian corn,  hay,  butter,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Pittsburg,  Fort 
Wayne  A  Chicago  Railroad  and  the  Eel  River  Railroad. 
Capital,  Columbia.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate, 
$12,000,000.  Pop.  in  1870,  14,.'?99,  of  whom  13,553  were 
natives  and  846  were  foreigners;  in  1880,  16,941. 

Whitley,  a  county  in  the  S.  or  S.E.  part  of  Kentucky, 
borders  on  Tennessee.  Area,  about  640  square  miles.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Cumberland  River,  and  partly  bounded 
on  the  N.  by  the  Laurel  River.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and 
mostly  covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  chestnut,  hickory, 
oak,  sugar-maple,  Ac.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian 
corn,  grass,  butter,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
Among  the  remarkable  objects  of  this  county  is  a  cataract 
of  the  Cumberland  River,  which  has  a  vertical  fall  of  about 
60  feet.  Capital,  Williamsburg.  Pop.  in  1870,  8278;  in 
1880,  12,000;  in  1890,  17,590. 

Whitley  Court-IIousc,  Ky.     See  Williamsburg. 

Whitley's  Point,  or  Summit,  a  post-village  of 
[Moultrie  co.,  III.,  6  miles  by  rail  W.  of  Mattoon.  The  name 
lof  its  post-office  is  Whitley's  Point. 

Whit'leyville,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Tenn. 

Whit'lock,  a  post-village  of  Halifax  co.,  Va.,  on  Dan 
[River,  14  miles  by  rail  E.  of  Danville.  It  contains  the 
Edgemont  school  for  boys. 

Whit'man,  a  post-town  of  Plymouth  co.,  Mass.,  21 
miles  by  rail  S.  of  Boston.  It  has  6  churches,  3  national 
banks,  a  savings-bank,  a  high  school,  graded  schools,  a 
large  boot-  and  shoe-factory,  tack-factories,  and  2  news- 
paper offices.     Pop.  in  1 890,  444 1 . 

Whitman,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Washington, 
bordering  on  Idaho,  has  an  area  of  about  2124  square  miles. 
It  is  hounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Snake  River,  and  drained  by 
the  Palouse  River.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Union 
Pacific  Railroad  and  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad.  Capi- 
tal. Colfax.     Pop.  in  1880,  7014;  in  1890,  19,109. 

Whitman's,  a  station  in  Walla  Walla  co.,  Washington, 
6  miles  bv  rail  W.  of  Walla  Walla. 

Whit'mell  (formerly  Chestnut  Grove),  a  post-vil- 
lage of  Pittsylvania  co.,  Va.,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Danville. 
It  has  a  church  and  2  tobacco-factories.     Pop.  about  300. 

Whit'mire,  a  hamlet  of  Columbia  co..  Pa.,  1\  miles 
from  Willow  Grove  Station,  which  is  8  miles  E.  of  lilooms- 
burg.     Here  is  Fowlersville  Post-Offioo. 

Whitmire's,  a  post-office  of  Newberry  co.,  S.C. 

Whil'more,  a  township  of  Macon  co..  111.    Pop.  1111, 

Whitmore,  a  post-office  of  Surry  co.,  Va. 

Whitmore  Lake,  a  post-hamlot  of  Washtenaw  co., 
Mich.,  10  miles  N.  of  Ann  Arbor.     It  has  a  church. 

Whit'ney,  a  post-office  and  station  of  St.  Clair  oo.,  Ala., 
on  the  Alabama  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  41  miles  N.E.  of 
Birmingham.     It  has  achurch. 

Whitney,  a  post-office  of  Rod  Willow  co.,  Neb. 

Whitney,  a  post-settlement  in  Northumberland  oo.. 
New  Brunswick,  on  Cain's  River,  30  miles  from  Newcastle. 


Whitney,  Mount,  a  peak  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  oo 
the  W.  border  of  Inyo  eo.,  Cal.,  8  miles  S.  of  Mount  Tyn- 
dal.  It  has  an  altitude  of  14,898  feet  above  the  sea-level. 
"  It  is  the  culminating  point  of  an  immense  pile  of  granite, 
which  is  cut  almost  to  the  centre  by  numerous  steep  and 
often  almost  vertical  caflons."  It  is  believed  to  be  the 
highest  mountain  in  California  and  in  the  United  States. 

Whitney  Kidgc,  a  township  of  Penobscot  oo..  Me. 
Pop.  13. 

Whitney's  Crossings,  a  post-hamlot  of  Alleghany 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Erie  Railroad,  about  14  miles  N.W.  of 
Hornollsville.  It  has  a  saw-mill  and  a  manufactory  of 
heading  and  staves. 

Whitney's  Point,  a  post-vUIago  in  Triangle  township, 
Broome  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Tioghnioga  River,  at  the  mouth 
of  Otselio  River,  and  on  the  Syracuse,  Binghamton  <k  New 
York  Railroad,  21  miles  N.  of  Binghamton.  It  has  5 
churches,  a  union  school  and  academy,  a  newspaper  office, 
a  tannery,  2  llouring-mills,  and  2  carriage-shops.  Pop. 
about  800. 

Whit'neyville,  a  village  of  New  Haven  co..  Conn.,  on 
the  Now  Haven  <k  Northampton  Railroad,  about  3  miles  N. 
of  Now  Haven.  It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of 
guns  and  pistols. 

Whitneyvilie,  a  post-office  of  Cass  co.,  Iowa,  about 
13  miles  S.E.  of  Atlantic. 

Whitneyvilie,  a  post-village  in  Whitneyvilie  town- 
ship, Washington  co..  Me.,  on  the  Machias  River,  3J  miles 
W.  of  Machias.  It  has  a  church  and  4  lumber-mills.  A 
railroad  8  miles  long  connects  this  place  with  Machiasport. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  569. 

Whitneyvilie,  a  post-hamlot  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Cascade  township,  14  miles  S.E.  of  Grand  Rapids.  It  has 
a  mineral  spring,  a  large  hotel,  a  saw-mill,  Ac. 

Whitneyvilie,  a  hamlet  of  Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  about 
3  miles  E.  of  Glassborough. 

Whi'ton,  a  post-office  of  Do  Kalb  co.,  Ala. 

Whit'paine,  township,  Montgomery  co.,  Pa.    P.  1330. 

Whit'son,  a  post-office  of  Colfax  co..  New  Mexico. 

Whit'stabie,  a  maritime  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Kent,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Swale  into  the  estuary  of  the 
Thames,  opposite  the  Isle  of  Sheppey,  and  6  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Canterbury,  with  which  it  is  connected  by  railway.  Pop. 
6481.  The  town  and  harbor  are  protected  by  substantial 
embankments  from  land- floods  and  incursions  of  the  sea. 
It  has  2  churches,  and  near  it  are  extensive  oyster-grounds. 

Whitsunday  Island.     See  Pentecost  Island. 

Whit'sunday  Island,  South  Pacific  Ocean,  is  in  lat 
19°  24'  S.,  Ion.  138°  36'  W. 

Whitt,  a  post-office  of  Parker  co.,  Tox. 

Whittaker,  Putnam  co..  III.    See  Cleau  Cuerk. 

Whit'tcd's  Blutf,  a  post-office  of  Bladen  co.,  N.O. 

Whit'temore,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kossuth  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A  St.  Paul  Railroad,  11  miles  W. 
of  Algona. 

Whittemore,  township,  Darlington  co.,  S.C.    P.  1986. 

Whit'ten's  Stand,  a  post-office  of  Wayne  co.,  Tenn. 

Whit'tenton,  a  village  of  Bristol  co.,  Mass.,  within  the 
city  limits  of  Taunton,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Old  Colony 
Railroad,  2  miles  N.W.  of  Taunton.  Hero  are  machine- 
shops  and  large  cotton-factories. 

VVhit'tier,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co..  111. 

Whit'tingham,  a  parish  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Hadding- 
ton, 5  miles  E.  of  Haddington.  Near  the  village  are  Whit- 
tingham  Castle  and  Whittingham  House. 

Whit'tington,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Derby,  2 
miles  N.  of  Chesterfield.  It  has  a  chalybeate  spring,  which 
attracts  a  considerable  number  of  visitors.  The  Chester- 
field races  are  annually  held  on  Whittington  Moor, 

Whittington,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of  Salop,  3 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Oswestry,  with  stations  on  the  Great  West- 
ern and  Cambrian  Railways. 

Whit'tington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Garland  co..  Ark., 
about  40  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Little  Rock. 

Wliittle,  whit't^l,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Qa. 

Whittle's  Depot,  a  post-office  of  Pittsylvania  co., 
Va.,  on  the  Virginia  Midland  Railroad,  21  i  miles  N.  of 
Danville. 

Whit'tlesey,  or  Whit'tlesea,  a  market-town  of 
England,  co.  of  Cambridge,  Isle  of  Ely,  on  the  Eastern 
Counties  Railway,  6  miles  E.S.E.  of  Peterborough.  Pop. 
4297.     It  has  a  church  and  several  chapels. 

Whittlesey,  whit't?l-se,  or  Lafayette,  laf-i-y8tt',  a 
post-hamlet  of  Medina  co.,  0.,  in  Lafayette  township,  SJ 
miles  W.  of  Chippevfa  Lake  Station,  and  about  7  miles  S.W. 
of  Medina.  It  has  several  churches.  Here  is  AVhittleaej 
Post-Offioe 


WIE 


2826 


WIL 


Wiestetz-Kralowy.    See  KSMiosTAin'L. 

M'iewalitz,  %  village  of  PruMia.    See  Lakqkkdorp. 

Wiczef  wee'ifh,  a  village  of  Delglum,  in  Eoat  Flanders, 
18  milei  E.S.B.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  17U8. 

Wiflisbnrg,  a  town  of  SwitterlanJ.     See  Atkncrics. 

Wig'an,  a  borough  and  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Lan- 
.IMSter,  on  the  Doughis  River,  on  the  Leedt  Jt  L{veq>ool 
Canal,  and  on  the  Northwestern  Railway,  at  the  intoreection 
of  the  Lancashire  &  Yorkshire  Line,  16^  miles  S.  of  Pros- 
ton.  Pop.  48,104.  The  town,  the  oentro  of  a  productive 
ooal-flcld,  is  pretty  well  built  and  improving,  but  it  has  a 
blackened  appeamnee  from  numerous  furnaces.  The  church 
is  a  stately  old  edifice,  containing  several  fine  monuments  ; 
and  here  are  several  dissenting  chapels,  a  large  town  hall, 
cessions  hall,  oomniervial  hall  for  the  sale  of  manufactures, 
»  borough  jail,  subscription  library,  mechanics'  institute, 
dispensary,  barracks,  grammar-school,  and  a  school  of 
mines.  The  population  are  extensively  engaged  in  the 
manufacture  of  woollen  and  cotton  goods,  and  in  iron- 
works, and  factories  for  edge-tools,  nails,  brass-wares,  ma- 
«hinory,  and  agricultural  implements.  Wigan  returns  two 
members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Wiggheff  ^ik'kfr,  a  river  of  Switsorland,  canton  of 
Lucerne,  flows  N.,  and  joins  the  Aar  on  the  right  at  Aar- 
burg.     Length,  21  miles. 

Wig'gins'  Cross  Roads,  post-oflBoo,  Gates  co.,  N.C. 

^Vig'ginsville,  a  post-village  of  Marion  oo.,  Ga.,  24 
miles  S.  of  Geneva.     It  has  2  churches. 

Wig'gonsville,  a  post-village  in  Tate  township,  Cler- 
mont CO.,  0.,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Amelia.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Wigg's,  a  station  on  the  Jeffersonville,  Madison  A  In- 
dianapolis Railroad,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Columbus,  Ind. 

Wight,  Isle  of.     See  Isle  op  Wionx. 

^Viguehies,  veen^y^h-eo',  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord, 
7  miles  from  Avesnes.  It  has  a  woollen-mill,  a  brewery,  and 
manufactures  of  hosiery.     Pop.  3251. 

Wigry,  ■*ee'gre  or  vce'grlh,  a  lake  of  Poland,  govern- 
ment of  Suvalki,  about  6  miles  S.E.  of  Suvalki.  Greatest 
length,  from  N.  to  S.,  6  miles  ;  mean  breadth,  about  1  mile. 
On  an  island  in  the  lake  is  an  old  monastery,  now  the  resi- 
dence of  the  Bishop  of  Lithuania. 

Wigstadtl,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  Wiegstadtl. 

Wig'ton,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  of  Cumber- 
land, on  the  Carlisle  A  Whitehaven  Railway,  Hi  miles S.AV. 
of  Carlisle.  It  is  pleasantly  situated,  and  has  an  endoweti 
grammar-school,  a  Friends'  school,  a  hospital  for  widows  of 
the  clergy,  several  branch  banks,  and  manufactures  of  ging- 
hams, muslins,  fustians,  and  checks.  A  large  horse-fair, 
and  6  other  annual  fairs,  are  held  here.     Pop.  3426. 

>Vig'town,  Wig'ton,  or  Wigtownshire,  wig't^n- 
■hir,  or  West  Gal'loway,the  most  southwestern  county 
of  Scotland,  having  on  the  E.  the  stcwartry  of  Kirkcud- 
bright, N.  Ayrshire,  W.  the  North  Channel,  and  S.  the  Irish 
Sea.  Area,  512  square  miles.  Pop.  38,830.  On  the  S.  it 
is  indented  by  Wigtown  and  Luce  Bays,  and  the  latter, 
with  Loch  Ryan  on  the  N.W.,  no.arly  shut  off  from  the  rest 
of  the  area,  forms  the  peninsula  called  the  Rhinns  of  Gal- 
loway. Surface  undulating,  rising  towards  the  N.  to  1500 
feet  above  the  sea.  Princi{^>al  rivers,  the  Cree,  which  forms 
the  E.  bound.ary,  Blodenocb,  Tarf,  and  Luce,  all  flowing  S. 
About  one-third  of  the  county  consists  of  moorlands,  inter- 
spersed with  small  lakes,  the  principal  of  which  areDovral- 
ton  and  Castle  Kennedy  Lochs.  Principal  crops,  oats  and 
barley;  but  considenxble  quantities  of  wheat,  potatoes,  and 
turni[>8  are  raised.  Breeds  of  cattle  are  very  sui»erior. 
Principal  towns,  Wigtown,  Stranraer,  and  Whithorn.  The 
county  sends  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons.  It 
•bound  with  antiquities,  chiefly  those  antecedent  to  the 
Roman  dominion. 

Wigtown,  or  Wigton,  a  royal  parliamentary  borough 
and  seaport  of  Scotland,  capital  of  the  above  county,  near 
the  mouth  of  the  Bladenoch  in  Wigtown  Bay,  9  miles  N.  of 
Whithorn.  Pop.  of  burgh,  1841.  It  is  well  built  and  clean, 
and  has  a  town  house,  with  a  court-room  and  assembly- 
rooms,  a  subscription  library,  prison,  custom-house,  stamp- 
ofiice,  and  an  elegant  market-cross.  The  harbor,  about  J  of 
a  mile  distant,  belongs  to  the  port  of  Dumfries.  Steamers 
ply  to  Liverpool.  The  burgh  unites  with  Stranraer,  Whit- 
born,  and  New  Galloway  in  sending  one  member  to  the 
House  of  Commons. 

Wigtown  Bay,  an  inlet  of  the  Irish  Sea,  between 
Wigtownshire  and  the  stewartry  of  Kirkcudbright,  is  15 
miles  in  length;  breadth  at  entrance,  12  miles.  At  its 
head  it  receives  the  Cree. 

WiherieSf  vee^h-ree',  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Hai- 
naut,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Mobs.     Pop.  3080. 


W'ijchen,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Wrn 

W^ijhe,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Wrn* 

W'ijk,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.     See  Wyk 

Wyk  bU  Dnurstedc.    See  Wvk  bki  Dcniwigo, 

Wijnkoopsbani,  Dk.    See  WvxKoopii»AAi. 

Wikle's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Macon  co.,  NC 

Wil'bnr,  a  post-office  of  Wilkes  eo..  X  ic  \a  ,. 
N.N.W.  of  StAtoeville.  '         '  *"  " 

Wil'barger,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Texas,  h»i 
area  of  900  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  tn  the  N  v 
Red  River.     Pop.  in  1880,  126. 

Wil'ber,  a  post-hamlot  in  Big  Rend  township,  R^m 
CO.,  Kansas,  25  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Itclvidcre,  Neb. 

Wilber,  a  post-village  of  Saline  co..  Neb.,  on  or  r 
the  Big  Blue  River,  and  on  the  Beatrice  Branch  Kxiln 
31  miles  S.S.W.  of  Lincoln.     It  has  2  churches,    p.  ;i 

Wil'berforce,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  0. 

Wil'berforce,  a  village  of  New  South  AVales,  a|. 
tralia,  co.  of  Cook,  on  Hawkeebury  River,  30  miles  N.W  " 
Sydney. 

Wil'bourne,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Ala. 

Wil'braham,  a  post-village  in  Wilbri»hnin  tnv-ntV 
Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  10  miles  E.  by  N.  of  ."^i 
2  miles  S.  of  Wilbrahnra   Station  (Collin^ 

Boston  <k  Albany  Railroad.     It  contains  2     .  ^ ,, 

also  the  Wesleyan  Academy,  a  celebrated  Methodiit  mi! 
tution.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  N.  bv  thp  Chit 
pee  River,  and  has  roanufaolories  of  woolK  i  ' 

paner-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1880,  : 

Wil'bnr,  a  post-hamlct  of  Morgan  co.,  Ir 
township,  6  miles  W.  of  Centreton.     It  has  2  ehurelio*  i|. 
a  grist-mill. 

Wilbur,  apost-village  of  Ulster  eo.,  N.Y.,  on  Rond 
Creek,  2  miles  from  its  mouth.  It  has  an  extensive  tn 
in  flagging-stone  or  bluestone,  which  is  sawed  and  prep*  I 
here.     It  is  now  part  of  the  city  of  Kingston. 

Wilbur,  a  |>o8t-hamlet  of  Douglas  co.,  Oregon,  8  ni 
N.  of  Roscburg.     It  contains  the  Uiupqua  Academy. 

Wilbur,  a  station  in  Shelby  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  P«< 
cab  &  Memphis  Railroad,  6  miles  N.  of  Memphis. 

Wil'bnrton,  a  township  of  Fayette  co.,  III.    P.  lifl 

Wilchingcn,  '^il'King-fn.  a  village  of  Switicrltil 
canton  and  8  miles  W.  of  Schafi"hausen.     Pop.  1,100. 

Wil'cox,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  central  part  of  Alnbari 
has  nn  area  of  about  1000  square  miles.  It  is  intc^;^-1; 
by  the  Alabama  River,  which  is  here  navi^ble  by  fte.i| 
boats,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Cedar  and  Pino  liarr 
Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  uneven,  and  is  «i 
tcnsivcly  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  T| 
soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  pork,  and  rwij 
potatoes  are  the  st^iple  products.  Capital,  Camden.  Vsit! 
tion  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $.1,975,671.  Pop.  in  \K, 
28,377,  of  whom  28,291  were  Americans;  in  1880,  31,?2 

Wilcox,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  (Jeorgis,  h 
an  area  of  about  600  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
by  the  Ocmulgeo  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the  All' 
paba  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  a  large  p| 
of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  pine,  oak,  and  other  tre« 
The  soil  is  sandy  and  rather  poor.  Cotton,  Indi.in  coi 
and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  Capit.al.  Abbeville.  V; 
nation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $488,967.  Pop.  in  ISi 
2439.  of  whom  24.16  were  Americans ;  in  1830,  3109. 

Wilcox,  a  township  of  Hancock  co..  111.     Pop.  4058. 

Wilcox,  a  post-village  of  Elk  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Cl:iri. 
River  and  the  Philadelphia  &  Erie  Railroad,  loroilcj] 
of  Ridgway.  It  has  a  church,  a  hotel,  a  large  tannery,  ai 
a  lumber-mill. 

Wilcox,  a  station  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  ! 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Laramie  City,  Wyoming. 

Wilcox's,  a  station  in  Bedford  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Sta' 
Line  A  Sullivan  Railroad,  12  miles  S.  of  Towanda. 

Wilcox  Wharf,  a  post-office  of  Charles  City  co.,  A'l 
near  the  Potomac,  3  miles  W.  of  Charles  City  Court-llou- 

W^ild  Am'monoo'snc,  a  small  river  of  Grafton  cc 
N.II.,  enters  the  Lower  Ammonoosuc  at  Bath. 

Wildbad,  *ilt'bi\t,  a  town  of  WUrtembcrg,  circle  < 
Black  Forest,  on  the  Enr,  in  a  deep  valley,  28  miles  W.S.\ 
of  Stuttgart.     Pop.  2700.     It  has  warm  baths. 

Wildbad-Ciastcin,  Austria.    See  Ga.stkix. 

Wildbcrg,  *ilt'bJR<3,  a  town  of  Wurtcmberg.  circle  o 
Black  Forest,  on  the  Nagold,  23  miles  W.S.W.  of  Stuttgnr 

Wild'brier,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  oo..  Pa.,  2*  ■"•' 
from  Brooklyn  Station,  and  about  12  miles  W.N.AA.of  «<a 
Chester.  ., 

Wild  Cat,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  eo.,  Ind..  15  mm 
from  Cutler  Station,  and  about  22  miles  E.  of  Lafayclti 
It  has  a  cfaureb. 


WIL 


2827 


WIL 


Wild  Cat,  a  township  of  Tipton  cc,  Ind.     Pop.  1547. 

Wild  Cat,  a  township  of  Elk  oo.,  Kansas.     Pop.  692. 

Wild  Cat,  a  post-hamlct  of  lliloy  co.,  Kansa.',  10  milos 
W.  by  N.  of  Manhattan.  It  has  a  church  and  a  cheose- 
^actnry. 

j    Wild  Cat,  a  post-office  of  Whitley  co.,  Ky. 
f    Wild  Cat,  a  post-office  of  Gage  co.,  Neb.,  18  miles  S.E. 
S)f  Hoatrice. 
j    Wild  Cat,  a  post-office  of  Lancaster  co.,  S.C. 

Wild  Cat  Creek,  Indiana,  rises  ia  Tipton  oo.,  runs 
[westward    through  tho  cos.  of  Howard  and   Carroll,  and 
[enters  the  AVabiish  River  4  or  5  miles  above  Lafayette.     It 
is  nearly  90  miles  long. 
I    Wild  Cherry,  a  post-office  of  Fulton  co.,  Ark. 

Wildcmann,  ^il'd^h-mAnn^  a  mining  town  of  Prussia, 
in  ILinover,  in  the  Harz,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Clausthal. 

Wildenfels,  *irdt;n-f61s\  a  town  of  Saxony,  18  miles 
S.W.  of  Chemnitz,  with  a  noble  residence.     Pop.  3133. 

Wildcnschwert,  or  Wildeiischwera,  ^il'd^n- 
shwiitt^  a  town  of  Bohemia,  25  miles  E.  of  Chrudim,  on 
the  Adler,  and  on  the  railway  from  Brilnn  to  Prague.  Pop. 
J12I.     It  has  manufactures  of  linen  and  woollen  fabrics. 

Wilder,  wil'd^r,  a  post-hamlet  of  Johnson  co.,  Kansas, 
on  the  Kansas  City  division  of  the  Atchison,  Topeka  & 
Santa  F6  Railroad,  17  miles  W.S.W.  of  Kansas  City. 

Wilder,  a  station  in  Jackson  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  Sioux 
City  .t  St.  Paul  Railroad,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Windom. 

Wilderman,  wil'd^r-man,  a  station  on  the  St.  Louis, 
Alton  A  Terre   Haute   Railroad,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Belle- 
illc.  III. 

Wil'derness,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Fla.,  15  miles 
E.  of  Starke. 

Wilderness,  a  post-office  of  Spottsylvania  co.,  Va., 
nbout  2  miles  S.  of  the  Rapidan  River,  and  15  miles  W.  of 
Fredericksburg.  A  great  battle  was  fought  here  between 
General  Grant  and  General  Lee,  May  6  and  6,  1864.  Gold 
is  found  near  this  place. 

Wild'ers,  a  township  of  Johnston  co.,  N.C.   Pop.  1203. 

Wildersville,  wild'^rz-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hender- 
son C().,Tenn.,  15  miles  S.of  Huntingdon.    It  has  a  church. 

Wildervank,  wil'd^r-vJnk^  or  wil'd^r-fAnk^  a  village 
of  tho  Netherlands,  in  Groningen,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Win- 
gchotcn.     Pop.  of  commune,  7375. 

Wilderville,wlld'?r-vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Josephine  CO., 
Oregon,  75  miles  S.  of  Roscburg.     Gold  is  found  near  here. 

Wilderville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Falls  co.,Tex.,  18  miles 
N.AV.  of  Calvert.     It  has  a  church,  2  stores,  and  a  mill. 

Wildeshausen,  ■fril'd?s-how'z?n,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
in  Oldenburg,  on  the  Hunte,  20  miles  S.W.  of  Bremen. 
Pop.  1958. 

Wild  Flower,   a  post-office  of  Fresno  co.,  Cal. 

M'ild  CJoose,  a  post-office  of  McXairy  co.,  Tenn. 

Wildliaus,  \Vilt'bovvs3,  a  mountain-village  of  Switzer- 
land, canton  and  15  miles  S.  of  St.  Gall,  with  the  house  in 
which  the  reformer  Zwingli  was  born,  January  1,  1484. 

Wild  Horse,  a  post-hamlet  of  Graham  co.,  Kansas, 
27  miles  N.E.  of  Wa  Keeney.     It  has  a  flour-mill, 

Wildon,  v^il'dpn,  a  market-town  of  Austria,  in  Styria, 
8  miles  by  rail  S,  of  GrUt/..     Pop.  1008. 

Wild  llice,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  Minn. 

Wild  Rice  River,  Minnesota,  issues  from  Rice  Lake, 
which  is  on  the  W.  border  of  Beltrami  co.  It  runs  west- 
Ward  through  Polk  co.,  and  enters  the  Red  River  of  the 
North  near  lat.  47°  16'  N.     It  is  nearly  120  miles  long. 

Wild  Rose,  a  post-hamlet  of  Waushara  co..  Wis.,  15 
miles  E.  of  Pliiinficld.     It  has  2  stores. 

Wildscliiltz,  *ilt'shUt?,  or  Wiltsch,  *iltsh,  a  village 
of  Bohemia,  27  miles  N.E.  of  Bidschow.     Pop.  1248. 

■Wildschiltz,  or  Wiltsch,  a  village  of  Moravia,  circle 
of  Troppau,  in  the  valley  of  Buchbcrg.     Pop.  1341. 

Wildungcn,  Alt,  4lt  'ft'll'dtiong-^n,  a  town  of  Ger- 
man^-, 7  miles  S.S.E.  of  Waldcck,  on  tho  Wilde.    Pop.  450. 

H  ildiingen,  Nieder,  nec'd^r  *irdoong-§n,  a  town  of 
Germany,  S.  of  Alt  Wildungcn,  It  has  a  lyceum  and  min- 
eral springs.     Pop.  1780. 

Wildwood,  wild'wood,  post-office,  Randolph  co.,  Ala, 

Wild  wood,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Dade  co.,  Ga., 
on  the  Alabama  it  Chattanooga  Railroad,  9  miles  S.W.  of 
Chattanooga. 

Wildwood,  a  post-office  of  Rice  co.,  Kansas,  about  38 
miles  N.W.  of  Hutchinson. 

Wildwood,  Louisiana,    See  DESMAnic, 
Wildwood,  a  township  of  Craven  co.,  N.C.   Pop.  2241. 
Wildwood,  ft  station  in  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Alleghany  A'alley  Railroad,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Wiley,  wi'lc,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Pa.,  about  54 
oiles  S,  of  Pittsburg, 


Wiley's  Cove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Searcy  co..  Ark.,  about 
10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Marshall.     It  has  2  churches. 

Wiley  Station,  a  post-office  of  Darke  co.,  0.,  on  tho 
railroad  between  Greenville  and  Richmond,  11  miles  N.E. 
of  Richmond,  Ind. 

Wileysville,  wl'llz-vll,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  co., 
N.Y.,  22  miles  S.  of  HorncUsville.     It  has  »  lumber-mill. 
Wileysville,  a  post-office  of  Wetzel  co.,  W.  Va. 
Wil'frid,a  post-village  in  Ontario  co.,  Ontario,  8i  miles 
W.  of  Cannington.     Pon.  110. 

Wilhelmsburg,  ^il'hQlms-bCORG',  a  town  of  Lower 
Austria,  on  the  Trasen,  6  miles  S,  of  St,  Polten.     P,  1442, 
Wilhelmsburg,  a  market-town  of  Bavaria,  circle  of 
Middle  Franconia,  17  milos  N.W.  of  Nuremberg. 

Wilhelmsburg,  an  island  of  Prussia,  in  the  Elbe,  op- 
posite Hamburg.     Pop.  4303. 

Wilhelm8aorf,*-il'h§lms-donr,  is  tho  name  of  villages 
in  Bavaria  and  Prussian  Silesia. 

Wilhelmshafen,  ^il'h^lms-blV^n,  a  seaport  of  Ger- 
many, in  the  Jahde  Territory,  and  on  tho  Jahde  estuary, 
33  miles  N.AV,  of  Bremen,  Pop,  10,158,  It  is  fortified, 
and  is  one  of  tho  principal  naval  stations  on  the  North  Sea, 
founded  in  1869,    See  also  Jahde. 

Wil'helm's  Hohe,  ho'^h,  a  post-office  of  Sherman 
CO.,  Neb. 

Wilhelmsthal,  *il'h?1ms-ta.r,  a  town  of  Prussian  Si- 
lesia, near  the  Austrian  frontier,  19  miles  S.S.E.  of  Glatz. 
Wilhermsdorf,  ^irhinms-donr,  a  market-town    of 
Bavaria,  W.N.W.  of  Nuremberg.     Pop.  1348. 

Wil'hite,a  post-offico  of  Morgan  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  South 
ct  North  Alabama  Railroad,  10  miles  N.  of  Cullman. 
Wilia,  a  river  of  Russia,  See  Vima. 
Wilkes,  wilks,  a  county  in  the  N,E,  part  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  464  square  miles.  It  is  bound.ed  on 
the  N,  by  Broad  River,  and  on  the  S.  by  Little  River,  and 
is  drained  by  Fishing  Creek.  Tho  surface  is  undulating 
and  extensively  covered  with  forests.  The  soil  is  mostly 
fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Among  its  minerals  are  granite  and  iron  ore.  A 
branch  of  the  Georgia  Railroad  terminates  at  AVashington, 
the  capital  of  this  county.  Pop.  in  1870,  11,796;  in  1880, 
15,985;  in  1890,  18,081. 

Wilkes,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  North  Carolina, 
has  an  area  of  about  680  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Yadkin  River,  which  runs  nearly  eastward,  and  also 
drained  by  Reddie's  River  and  Elkin  Creek.  The  surface 
is  partly  mountainous,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  forests 
of  the  ash,  hickory,  chestnut,  oak,  and  other  trees.  Tho 
Blue  Ridge  extends  along  the  northern  border  of  this  county. 
The  soil  of  the  valleys  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  cattle, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Iron  ore  is  found  in  this 
county.  It  is  intersected  by  a  branch  of  the  Richmond  & 
Danville  Railroad,  which  connects  with  Wilkesborough,the 
capital.     Pop.  in  1880,  19,181 ;  in  1890,  22,675, 

VVilkesbarre,  wilk8'b4.r-re,  a  city,  the  ciipital  of  Lu- 
zerne CO.,  Pa.,  is  on  the  E.  or  left  bank  of  the  North  Branch 
of  the  Susquehanna  RiVer,  and  on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Rail- 
road, the  Central  Railroad  of  New  Jersey,  and  other  rail- 
roads, 144  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Philadelphia,  18  miles  S.W.  of 
Seranton,  and  50  miles  E.N.E.  of  Danville.  It  is  situated 
in  the  beautiful  and  fertile  valley  of  Wyoming,  and  sur- 
rounded by  attractive  scenery.  A  bridge  over  the  river 
connects  it  with  Kingston,  on  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna 
&  Western  Railroad.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  stone 
prison  which  cost  $200,000,  an  opera-house,  a  first-clftss 
hotel,  22  churches,  3  national  banks,  4  savings-banks,  a 
female  seminary,  a  high  school,  and  printing-offices  which 
issue  3  daily  and  10  weekly  newspapers.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  locomotives,  machinery,  iron  castings,  mining- 
engines,  carriages,  ropes,  railroad-cars,  pottery,  miners' 
tools,  Ac.  The  census  of  1890  gives  the  capital  for  all 
industries  reported  at  $3,237,253,  and  the  total  value  of 
products  at  $4,551,446.  Here  are  rich  mines  of  excellent 
anthracite  coal.  The  great  bed  called  the  "Mammoth 
Vein,"  which  is  here  exposed  to  view,  is  29i  feet  thick, 
and  is  nearly  pure  throughout.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,174;  in 
1880,  23,33^;  in  1890,  37,718. 

Wilkesborough,  wilks'biir-rilh,  a  post-village,  capital 
of  Wilkes  CO.,  N.C,  in  Wilkesborough  townshi]),  on  the 
Yadkin  River,  38  miles  N.N.W.  of  Staiesville,  and  about 
70  miles  N.  by  AV.  of  Charlotte.  It  has  3  churches,  itn 
academy,  a  newspaper  office,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  manufactory 
of  furniture.     Pop.  in  1890,  336;  of  the  township,  1898. 

Wil'keson,  a  post-village  of  Pierce  co.,  Washington, 
on  a  branch  of  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  32  miles 
S.E.  of  the  city  of  Tacoma.  It  has  2  churches,  a  coal- mine, 
and  a  lumber-mill. 


WIL 


2828 


WIL 


Wilkesville,  wilka'vll,  a  post-villago  in  Wilkosvillo 
townabip,  Vinton  oo.,  0.,  about  18  n>ile»  W.  by  N.  of  Potne- 
roy.  It  has  3  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  an  academy. 
The  township  is  intersected  by  Raccoon  Crcok.  Pop.  of 
the  township  in  1S80,  1812;  of  the  village,  SOU. 

Wil'kin«  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Minneoota,  borders 
on  Dakota.  Area,  about  94U  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  Ked  River  of  the  North,  which  also  forms  the  greater 
part  of  the  western  boundary.  The  surface  is  level  and 
nearly  destitute  of  forest  trees.  The  soil  i:j  fertile.  Wheat, 
oats,  potatoes,  grass,  Ac,  are  the  staple  products.  It  is 
traversed  by  the  St.  Paul  A  Pacific  Railroad  and  the  Red 
lliver  A  Manitoba  Railroad.  Capital,  Breckenridgo.  Val- 
uation of  real  and  personal  estate,  $180,720.  Pop.  in  18T0, 
295;  in  1875,  528;  in  1880,  1906. 

Wil'kiiiS)  a  station  in  Burlington  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Mount  Holly,  Lumberton  A  Medford  Railroad,  I  mile  N. 
of  Med  ford. 

Wil  kins,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  3455. 

Wil'kiiisburg,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on 
the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of  Pittsburg,  of 
which  it  is  a,  part.  It  has  6  churches,  a  newspaper  office, 
oar-works,  a  foundry,  a  flour-mill,  steel-works,  io.    P.  1529. 

Wilkins  MillS)  a  post-office  of  Upshur  co.,  Tex. 

Wii'kiiisoii,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  420  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Oconoo  River,  and  is  intersected  by  Big  Sandy 
and  Commissioner  Creeks.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and 
a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  ]>ine,  oak,  and 
other  trees.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  trav- 
ersed by  the  Central  Railroad  of  Georgia.  Capital,  Irwin- 
ton.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $3,325,918. 
Pop.  in  1870,  9383;  in  1880,  12,061. 

iVilkiiison,  the  most  southwestern  county  of  Missis- 
sippi, borders  on  Louisiana.  Area,  about  650  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Ilomochitto  and  on  the  W.  by 
the  Mississippi  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the  Buffalo 
Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively  covered 
with  forests  of  the  ash,  cypress,  elm,  magnolia,  white  oak, 
pine,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian 
corn,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Wood- 
ville.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $2,212,616. 
Pop.  in  1870,  12,705;  in  1880,  17,815. 

tVilkinson'S)  a  station  in  Berrien  co.,  Mich.,  on  the 
Chicago  A  Michigan  Lake  Shore  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of 
New  BulTalo. 

Wil'kinsonviHe,  a  post-village  in  Sutton  township, 
Worcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  tne  Providence  A  Worcester  Rail- 
road, 8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Worcester.  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  large  manufactory  of  cotton  print  cloth.  Here  is  Sutton 
Station. 

Wil'kins*  Run,  a  post-hamlet  of  Licking  co.,  0.,  6 
miles  N.E.  of  Newark.     It  has  2  churches. 

WilkomierzjorWilkomir,  Russia.  SccVilkomeer. 

Wllkowiszki,  <^il-ko-*ish'kee,  a  town  of  Russian 
Poland,  province  and  37  miles  N.  of  Suvalki.  Pop.  6706, 
of  whom  two-thirds  are  Jews. 

Will,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Illinois,  bordering  on 
Indiana,  has  an  area  of  about  850  square  miles.  It  is  in- 
tersected by  the  Dcs  Plaines  and  Kankakee  Rivers,  and 
also  drained  by  Du  Page  Creek.  The  surface  is  nearly 
level,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  groves.  The 
soil  is  deep  and  very  fertile.  Oats,  Indian  corn,  hay,  cattle, 
horses,  butter,  and  pork  are  the  staples.  It  has  rich  mines 
of  bituminous  coal  and  extensive  quarries  of  Niagara  (Upper 
Silurian)  limestone,  a  very  fine  material  for  architecture. 
It  is  quarried  at  Joliet,  and  is  used  in  many  cities  of  Illi- 
nois. The  county  is  intersected  by  the  Illinois  A  Michigan 
Canal,  the  Chicago  Branch  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad, 
and  the  Chicago,  Danville  A  Vincennes,  Chicago  A  Alton, 
and  Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Railroads.  Capital, 
Joliet.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $28,516,120. 
Pop.  in  1870,  43,013;  in  1880,  53,422. 

Will,  a  township  of  Will  oo..  111.     Pop.  911. 

WiPlacoo'chee,  a  post-office  of  Coffee  co,,  Ga.,  on  the 
Brunswick  <t  Albany  Railroad,  70  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Albany. 
Here  is  Willacoochee  Station. 

Willamette,  wil-lah'raet,  a  river  of  Oregon,  is  formed 
by  the  McKenzie  and  Middle  Forks,  which  rise  in  the  Cas- 
cade Range,  and  unite  in  Lane  co.,  about  5  miles  N.  of 
Eugene  City.  It  runs  northward,  and  forms  the  boundary 
between  the  cos.  of  Linn  and  Marion  on  the  right  and 
Benton,  Polk,  and  Yam  Hill  on  the  left.  Finally  it  inter- 
sects Multnomah  co.,  and  enters  the  Columbia  River  about 
12  miles  N.  of  Portland.  Its  length,  including  one 
branch,  is  about  300  miles.   Steamboats  ascend  it  to  Oregon 


City,  where  the  navigation  Is  obstructed  by  a  full  of 
feet.  Above  this  place  the  river  is  navigable  forgteninb. 
to  Eugene  City,  which  is  nearly  200  iniics  from  iu  moi 
It  drains  the  beautiful  and  fertile  Willamutto  valley  wh 
is  about  200  miles  long  and  20  to  30  mileg  wide.  Tb'o  cb 
towns  on  this  river  are  Portland,  Salem,  ami  Albany 

WiPlnniette',  or  Williumette,  wiryi^m-et 'm  ix 
office  of  Arkansas  co..  Ark.  *    ' 

Willamette  (wil-lah'met)  Forks,  a  post-oflico 
Lane  co.,  Oregon,  about  10  miles  N.N.E.  of  Eugene  Cit 

Willamette  Slough,  slow,  a  post-office  of  Alulinui 
CO.,  Oregon.  i 

Willamina,  wiriA-mce'na,  a  po«t-hamlct  of  Yam  I 
CO.,  Oregon,  on  Yam  Hill  River,  at  the  mouth  of  WilUwi 
Creek,  5  miles  W.  of  Sheridan.  It  has  a  griat-mlll  tnj 
saw-mill. 

Wil'lard,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carter  co.,  Ky.,  on  t 
Eastern  Kentucky  Railroad,  11  miles  S.  of  Urayfon.  C« 
is  mined  here,  and  is  exported  by  the  railroad. 

Wiliard^  a  post-hamlet  in  Romulus  township,  Scne 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  E.  shore  of  Seneca  Lake,  3  miles  in 
Ovid,  and  about  18  miles  S.  of  Geneva.  Here  is  tbo  W 
lard  Asylum  for  the  Insane,  a  state  institution  which  « 
about  $1,000,000  and  accommodates  1250  patient*. 

Willard,  a  post-village  of  Box  Elder  co.,  Utah, 
Groat  Salt  Lake,  and  on  the  Central  Pacific  Railroui, 
miles  N.  of  Ogden,  and  12  miles  S.S.E.  of  Corinne.    Il'h 
a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  2  saw-mills.   Willard  Station  ( 
the  Utah  A  Northern  Railroad  is  14  miles  N.  of  Ogden. 

Willard's,  a  station  of  the  Eureka  A  1'a.Viadt  itai 
road,  15  miles  S.  of  Palisade,  Nev. 

Wil'lards,  a  station  in  Chenango  co.,  N.Y.,  on  tl 
Delaware,  Lackawanna  <fe  Western  Railroad,  2'j  miloji  S.V 
of  Norwich. 

Willard's  Landing,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  IU 
on  the  Mississippi  River. 

Willaii'mez,  a  small  island  in  the  South  Pacific,  o! 
the  coast  of  New  Britain.     Lat.  5°  15'  S. ;  Ion.  149°  58'  I 

Will'cox,  a  post-office  of  Trego  co.,  Kansas. 

Willebadcssen,  \Viri§h-bi-dis's§n,  a  town  of  Pru! 
sian  Westphalia,  40  miles  S.  of  Minden.     Pop.  1278,        1 

Willebroek,  wiri§h-br6ok%  a  market-lDWi  of  Bol! 
gium,  province  of  Antwerp,  2  miles  S.  of  Boom.    P.  Zboti 

Willem8,^iri6N»',  a  village  of  France,  in  Norrl,  9  miloi 
from  Lille.  It  has  manufactures  of  linen  thread  and  coti 
ton  fabrics.     Pop.  2034.  j 

Wiliemstau,  wil'lgra-stld^  the  capital  town  of  th 
island  of  Cura^oa,  Dutch  West  Indies,  on  its  S.  coast,  it  i 
well-built  and  clean  town,  on  St.  Ann's  Bay.  It  hm  i| 
town  house,  government  house,  2  hospitals,  a  lazaretto,  tj 
lunatic  asylum,  several  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  savings 
institution.     Pop.  8000.  I 

Willcmstaut,  wil'l^m-stlr,  a  fortified  town  of  th(; 
Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant,  on  Hollands-Dicp,  17  miletl 
N.W.  of  Breda.     Pop.  1848. 

Willenberg,  ^il'l^n-bSno',  or  Wielbnrk,  *eerbank,i 
a  town  of  Prussia,  91  miles  S.E.  of  Konigsberg.     Pop.  2641. 

Wil'lenhali,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Stafford,  .1 
miles  E.  of  Wolverhampton,  on  the  Northwestern  Railway. 
Pop.  15,902,  chiefly  employed  in  lock-making. 

Wilier,  a  village  of  Alsace.    See  Vii.Li. 

Wil'Iet,  a  post-office  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa.,  about  44  milei 
W.N.W.  of  Altoona. 

Willet,  a  post-office  of  Green  co,,  Wisconsin,  about  34 
miles  S.AV.  of  Madison, 

Will'etsholrae,  a  post-village  in  Fronfcnao  co.,  On- 
tario, 14  miles  N.W.  of  Gananoque.     Pop.  100. 

Wil'Iett,  or  Wil'Iet,  a  post-hamlct  in  Willctt  town- 
ship,  Cortland  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Otselic  River,  9  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Marathon,  and  about  25  miles  N.  of  Binghamton. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  tannery.  Pop,  120;  of  the  town- 
ship, 863. 

WilMettville,  a  post-offlco  of  Highland  co.,  0.,  about 
48  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati. 

Wil'ley,  a  station  in  Carroll  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Portland 
A  Ogdensbirg  Railroad,  near  Mount  Willey,  and  about  9 
miles  S,W.  of  Mount  Washington,  Here  is  a  hotel  called 
the  Willey  House.  In  August,  1826,  the  Willey  family 
were  killed  by  an  avalanche  or  moss  of  rocks,  earth,  and 
trees,  which  fell  from  Mount  Willey, 

Willey,  a  post-hamlet  of  Preston  co.,  W.  Va.,  9  milei 
N.  of  Cranberry  (Portland). 

Willey,  Mount,  a  peak  of  the  White  Mountain!",  in 
New  Hampshire,  about  12  miles  S.W.  of  Mount  U'asbins- 
ton.     Its  altitude  is  4330  feet. 

Willey  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Christian  co.,  HI,, 
on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Taylorsville. 


WIL 


2829 


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William,  or  Port  >Villiam,  an  excellent  harbor  on 

e  N.E.  side  of  Stewart  Island,  Now  Zealand. 

Williamctte,  Arkansas.    See  Willamette. 

William  Henry,  Quebec.     See  Sorel. 

IWil'liam  Island,  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  is  between 

iow  Ireland  and  New  Britain. 

iWilliam,  Mount,  the  loftiest  peak  of  Graham  Land, 

[ntarctic  Ocean. 

William,  Mount,  the  loftiest  and  easternmost  of  the 
strnlian  (Jrainpians,  Victoria.     Height,  3S27  feet. 

William  Penn,  Pennsylvania.    See  Spkino  Mill. 

William  Penn,  a  station  in  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 

enandoah  Branch  of  the  Reading  Railroad,  2  miles  S.  by 
of  Shenandoah.     Here  coal  is  mined. 

William  Penn,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Tex. 

William  Kiver,  Australia,  oo.  of  Wicklow,  flows  AV., 

d  joins  Murray  River. 

William  River,  of  New  South  Wales,  after  a  S.  course 

r  70  miles,  between  the  cos.  of  Durham  and  Gloucester, 
!oins  the  Hunter. 

Williams,  wil'yamz,  a  western  county  of  North  Dakota, 

unded  N.E.  by  the  Missouri,  and  traversed  by  the  Little 
souri  and  Knife  Rivers.     Pop.  in  1890,  109. 

Williams,  the  most  northwestern  county  of  Ohio,  bor- 

rs  on  Micliigan  and  Indiana.     Area,  about  415  square 

iles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  St.  Joseph  River,  a  branch 
the  Maumce,  and  is  also  drained  by  Bean  Creek,  some- 

mes  called  Tiffin  River.  The  surface  is  a  nearly  level 
llain,  with  a  gentle  slope  to  the  S.E.  The  soil  is  fertile, 
lore  than  one-third  of  it  is  covered  with  dense  forests  of 

e  white  ash,  beech,  elm,  hickory,  white  oak,  sugar-maple, 

lip-tree,  wild  cherry,  Ac.    AVheat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  oats, 

ttle,  butter,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  The  indurated 

cks  of  this  county  are  everywhere  covered  with  a  deposit 
f  drift  100  feet  deep  or  more.  According  to  the  official  re- 
lort  on  the  geology  of  Ohio,  "  this  county  contains  no  stone- 
uarry,  and  the  great  depth  of  the  drift  forbids  the  hope 
'  at  one  may  be  discovered."  It  is  intersected  by  the  Air- 
line division  of  the  Lake  Shore  <fc  Michigan  Southern  Rail- 
oad.  Capital,  Bryan.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal 
istate,  $11,406,819.  Pop.  in  1870,  20,991,  of  whom  19,484 
iTcro  Americans;  in  1880,  23,821. 

Williams,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Colusa  co.,  Cal., 
m  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  122  miles  N.  by  E.  of  San 
Francisco. 

Williams,  Bureau  co.,  111.    See  Van  Oniy. 

Williams,  a  township  of  Sangamon  co..  111.     P.  1279. 

Williams,  a  post-office  of  Lawrence  co.,  Ind. 

Williams,  a  station  on  the  St.  Louis,  Vandalia  &  Terre 
Haute  Railroad,  13  miles  E.  of  Terre  Haute,  Ind. 

Williams,  a  post- village  of  Hamilton  co.,  Iowa,  on  the 
Iowa  division  of  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  14  miles  E. 
bf  AVebster  City.  It  has  a  newspaper  office  and  a  money- 
order  post-office. 

Williams,  Christian  co.,  Ky.    See  Prtersburg. 

Williams,  a  township  of  Bay  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  526. 

Williams,  a  post-office  of  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  Michigan  Central  Railroad  (South  Haven  division),  13 
miles  N.W.  of  Kalamazoo. 

Williams,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Mo.     Pop.  2277. 

Williams,  a  township  of  Stone  co..  Mo.     Pop.  332. 

Williams,  a  township  of  Columbus  co.,  N.C.     P.  905. 

Williams,  a  township  of  Dauphin  co..  Pa.    Pop.  1451. 

Williams,  a  township  of  Northampton  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Delaware  River,     Pop.  2248.     It  contains  South  Easton. 

M'illiams,  a  post-village  of  Williamson  co.,  Tenn.,  10 
miles  from  Franklin.     It  has  several  churches. 

Williamsborough,  a  post-office  of  Granville  co.,  N.C. 

Williamsborough,  wil'yamz-bur-riih,  a  township  of 
Rockingham  co.,  N.C.     Pop.  2340. 

Williams  Uridge,  a  village  and  station  of  New  York, 
&n  Bronx  River  and  the  New  York  <fc  Harlem  Railroad,  11 
miles  from  the  Grand  Central  Depot.  It  is  included  in  the 
Kmits  of  New  York  City.     Pop.  144. 

Williamsburg,  wil'yamz-burg,  a  county  in  the  E.  part 
of  South  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  1000  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  Lynch's  Creek,  on  the  S.AV. 
by  the  Santce  River,  and  is  intersected  by  Black  River. 
The  Gre.at  Pedeo  River  touches  the  N.E.  part  of  the  county. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  for- 
ests of  pine  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  generally  s.andy. 
Cotton,  Indian  corn,  pork,  tar,  turpentine,  and  lumber  are 
the  staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Northeastern 
Railroad,  Capital,  Kingstree.  Valuation  of  real  and  per- 
sonal estate,  $3,159,638.  Pop.  in  1870,  15,489,  of  whom 
J5,452  were  Americans;  in  1880,  24,110. 

Williamsburg,  a  post-office  of  Marengo  oo.,  Ala. 


Williamsburg,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Ark. 

Williamsburg,  a  post-village  of  Jcfierson  co.,  Fla., 
on  the  .Jacksonville,  Pensacola  A  Mobile  Railroad,  34  miles 
E.  of  Tallahassee.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  263.  The 
station  here  is  called  Aucilla. 

Williamsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Calhoun  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Southwestern  Railroad,  28  miles  W.S.W.of  Albany.  It 
has  1  or  2  churches. 

Williamsburg,  a  hamlet  of  Jefferson  co..  111.,  12 
miles  S.E.  of  Ashley.  It  has  2  churches.  Here  is  Laur 
Post-Office. 

Williamsburg,  a  post-office  of  Moultrie  co..  111.,  on 
the  Illinois  Midland  Railroad,  14  miles  W.  of  Areola. 

Williamsburg  (Cold  Spring  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  of 
Shelby  co..  111.,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Lakewood,  and  about  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Pana. 

Williamsburg,  Johnson  co.,  Ind.    See  Nineteh. 

Williamsburg,  a  post-village  of  Wayne  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Green  township,  on  Green's  Fork  of  Whitewater  River, 
about  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Richmond.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  carriage-factory.     Pop.  248. 

Williamsburg,  a  post-village  of  Franklin  co.,  Kansas, 
in  Williamsburg  township,  on  the  Kansas  City,  Burlington 
<fc  Santa  F6  Railroad,  29  miles  N.E.  of  Burlington,  and  17 
miles  S.W.  of  Ottawa.  It  has  a  money-order  post-offico 
and  a  flour-mill.  Coal  is  found  here.  Pop.  in  1880,  419; 
of  the  township,  1245. 

Williamsburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Whitley  co., 
Ky.,  on  the  Cumberland  River,  about  100  miles  S.  by  E.  of 
Lexington.  It  has  3  churches,  a  college,  and  1  or  2  flour- 
mills.  Pop.  250.  The  name  of  the  post-office  is  Whitley 
Court-IIouse.  Twelve  or  14  miles  below  this  Tillage  is  a 
remarkable  cataract,  about  60  feet  high. 

Williamsburg,  township,  Piscataquis  co.,  Me.  P.  170. 

Williamsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dorchester  co.,  Md., 
on  the  Dorchester  <fc  Delaware  Railroad,  13  miles  W.  of 
Seaford,  Del. 

Williamsburg,  a  post-village  in  Williamsburg  town- 
ship, Hampshire  co.,  Mass.,  on  Mill  River  and  the  New 
Haven  &  Northampton  Railroad,  8  miles  N.W.  of  North- 
ampton. It  has  3  churches,  and  is  surrounded  by  hilly 
and  picturesque  scenery.  It  was  ruined  by  the  bursting 
of  a  dam  in  May,  1874.  The  township  contains  a  village 
named  Haydenville.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  2067. 

Williamsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grand  Traverse  oo., 
Mich.,  about  14  miles  E.  of  Traverse  City. 

Williamsburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Covington 
CO.,  Miss.,  65  miles  S.S.E.  of  Jackson.     It  has  2  churches. 

Williamsburg,  a  post-village  of  Callaway  co.,  Mo., 
about  37  miles  N.E.  of  Jefferson  City.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  100. 

Williamsburg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Phelps  co., 
Neb.,  on  the  Platte  River,  about  23  miles  W.  by  S.  of 
Kearney. 

Williamsburg,  a  former  town  of  Kings  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  E.ast  River,  about  2  miles  E.  by  N.  of  the  city  hall  of 
New  York.  It  has  been  annexed  to  Brooklyn,  of  which  it 
constitutes  the  13th,  14th,  15th,  and  16th  wards. 

Williamsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Iredell  co.,  N.C, 
about  16  miles  N.  of  Statesville. 

Williamsburg,  a  post-village  in  Williamsburg  town- 
ship, Clermont  co.,  0.,  on  the  East  Fork  of  the  Little  Miami 
River  and  the  Cincinnati  <fc  Eastern  Railroad,  33  miles  E. 
of  Cincinnati.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a 
chair-factory.     Pop.  773;  of  the  township,  2383. 

Williamsburg  (Batesville  Post-Office),  a  village  of 
Noble  CO.,  0.,  in  Beaver  township,  about  40  miles  E.  of 
Zanesville.  It  has  3  churches,  a  bank,  a  graded  school, 
and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  400. 

Williamsburg,  a  hamlet  of  Armstrong  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Alleghany  River,  opposite  Kittanning. 

Williamsburg,  a  post-village  in  Woodberry  town- 
ship, Blair  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Frankstown  Branch  of  the 
Juniata  River,  and  on  the  Williamsburg  Branch  of  the 
Pennsylvania  Railroad,  14  miles  E.  of  Hollidaysburg.  It 
has  4  churches,  a  bank,  an  academy,  an  iron-furnace,  and 
a  forge.     Iron  ore  abounds  here.     Pop.  in  1890,  888. 

Williamsburg,  a  hamlet  of  Clarion  co..  Pa,,  2  miles 
S.  of  Clarion. 

Williamsburg,  a  village  of  Northampton  co.,  Pa.,  near 
the  Delaware  River,  about  20  miles  above  Easton,  and  on 
the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  A  Western  Railroad,  li  miles 
from  Portland.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  cigar-factory. 
Here  is  Mount  Bethel  Post-Offico, 

Williamsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  McMinn  oo.,  Tenn. 
8  miles  S.E.  of  Athens.     It  has  a  church. 

Williamsburg,  a  post-office  of  Lavaca  co.,  Tex. 


WIL 


2830 


V^lt 


Williamsburg,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Jamos  City  oo., 
Va.,  ia  situated  on  o,  plain,  about  50  miles  E.S.E.  of  llich- 
mond,  and  3  luilos  N.  of  James  liiver.  It  is  the  oldest 
incorporated  town  in  the  state,  was  the  scat  of  the  royal 
govornuiont  before  the  Revolution,  and  was  the  capital  of 
the  state  until  1779.  It  contains  4  churches,  the  E;i8tern 
Lunatic  Asylum,  and  William  and  Mary  College  (Prot- 
estant Episcopal),  which  wtvs  founded  in  1692  and  has  a 
library  of  6000  volumes.     First  settled  in  1632.     P.  1480. 

Williamsburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greenbrier  co.,  \V. 
Va.,  14  miles  N.  of  Lewisburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Williamsburg,  a  village  in  Waterloo  co.,  Ontario,  4 
miles  from  Berlin.  Pop.  100.  See  also  Cautwkigut  and 
Olen  William. 

Williamsburg  Junction,  a  station  in  Dlairco.,  Pa., 
at  the  junction  of  two  branches  of  the  Pennsylvania  Kail- 
road.  1  mile  E,  of  Hollidaysburg. 

Williamsburg  Station,  a  post-ofllice  of  Kings  co., 
N.Y.,  is  a  branch  of  the  Brooklyn  post-office. 

Williams  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Centre  township, 
Williams  co.,  0.,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Bryan.  It  has  3  churches 
and  a  lumber-mill. 

Williams  Creek,ahamlct  of  Jackson  co.,  Oregon,  18 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Jacksonville. 

Williams  Dale,  a  post-village  in  Cumberland  co.. 
Nova  Scotia,  9  miles  from  Thomson.  It  contains  several 
stores.     Pop.  100. 

Williamsfield,  wil'yamz-feeld,  a  post-ofRce  in  Wil- 
liamsficld  township,  Ashtabula  oo.,  0.,  30  miles  N.  of  Youngs- 
town.     The  township  has  2  churches  and  a  pop.  of  892. 

Williamsford,  Ontario.    See  Sullivan. 

Williams  Cirove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clearfield  co..  Pa., 
near  Bigler,  on  the  Tyrone  &  Clearfield  Bailroad,  about  10 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Clearfield.     It  has  a  church. 

Williams  Lauding,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co., 
Tenn.,  on  the  Tennessee  liiver,  5  miles  from  Chattanooga. 

Williams'  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Covington  co.,  Ala. 

Williams  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Cumberland  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Dillsburg  Branch  Eailroad,  13  miles  S.W.  of  Ilarris- 
burg. 

Williams  Mills,  a  post-oflBce  of  Chatham  co.,  N.C. 

Williams  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lunenburg  co.,  Va., 
6  miles  from  Keysville.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and 
a  machine-shop. 

Williamson,  wil'yam-89n,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of 
Illinois,  hiis  an  area  of  432  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  South  Fork  of  Saline  River  and  several  affluents  of  Big 
Muddy  River.  The  latter  river  traverses  the  N.W.  part  of 
the  county.  The  surface  is  moderately  uneven.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  More  than  one-third  of  it  is  covered  with  forests 
of  the  white  ash,  beech,  elm,  hickory,  maple,  white  oak, 
tulip-tree,  &a,  Indian  corn,  tobacco,  wheat,  oats,  cattle, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Among  its  mineral  re- 
sources is  bituminous  coal.  This  county  is  partly  intersected 
by  the  Carbondale  &  Shawncetown  Railroad.  Capital, 
Marion.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $5,560,292. 
Pop.  in  1870,  17,329;  in  1880,  19,324. 

Williamson,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee,  has  an 
area  of  about  600  square  miles.  Its  N.  border  is  about 
10  miles  S.  of  Nashville.  It  is  drained  by  the  Harpeth 
River,  which  rises  in  it.  The  surface  is  undulating  or 
liill}'.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Forests  of  the  ash,  beech, 
black  walnut,  hickory,  maple,  oak,  tulip-tree,  wild  cherry, 
<t'c.,  cover  more  than  one-third  of  its  area.  Indian  corn, 
cotton,  wheat,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
Blue  or  Trenton  limestone  underlies  a  large  part  of  the  soil. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Nashville  &  Decatur  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Franklin.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal 
estate,  $15,562,792.  Pop.  in  1870,  26,328,  of  whom  25,185 
were  Americans;  in  1880,  28,313. 

Williamson,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Texas, 
has  an  area  of  about  1100  square  miles.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  San  Gabriel  River,  which  runs  eastward,  and  also 
drained  by  Brushy  and  Salado  Creeks.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating or  hilly,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  forests 
of  good  timber,  which  is  hero  abundant.  The  soil  is  fer- 
tile. Cattle  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  It 
is  traversed  by  the  International  &  Great  Northern  Rail- 
road. Capital,  Georgetown.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal 
estate,  $l,t)65,978.  Pop.  in  1870,  6368,  of  whom  6257  were 
Americans;  in  1880,  15,165. 

Williamson,  Kentucky.     See  Edex. 

Williamson,  a  post-village  in  Williamson  township. 
AVayte  oo.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Lake  Ontario  Shore  Railroad,  6 
miles  W.  of  Sodus,  and  about  25  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Roches- 
ter. It  contains  3  churches,  a  steam  flouring-mill,  and  a 
graded  school.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake 


jpai  CO., 


Ontario,  and  oontnina  the  villages  of  East  Williainson  and 
Pultncyville  and  a  pop.  of  2C39. 

Williamson,  township,  Richmond  co.,  N.C.    P.  2014 

Williamson,  a  post-hamlot  of  Franklin  co.,  IV,  on 
the  Southern  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  13  miles  S.W.'  uf 
Chanibersburg.    It  has  a  Hour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Williamson,  Ontario.    See  Foi.kv. 

Williamson's,  a  post-office  of  Alleghany  co.,  Va. 

Williamson's  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Yavai 
Arizona. 

Williamsport,  wil'yamz-port,  a  village  of  Allen  co.,  ' 
Ind.,  in  Marion  township,  on  St.  Mary's  River,  4i  miles  k! 
of  Sheldon.     It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  steam 
saw-mill.     Here  is  Po  Post-Offico. 

Williamsport,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Warren  co., 
Ind.,  in  Washington  township,  on  the  right  or  N.W,  bunk 
of  the  Wabash  River,  and  on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  2:i 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Lafayette,  and  about  2  miles  W,  of  Attica. 
It  has  a  bridge  over  the  river,  and  contains  3  churches,  ii 
newspaper  office,  and  a  high  school.  Here  in  a  quarry  of 
sandstone  good  for  building,  also  a  cascade  05  feet  Li^li, 
formed  by  a  creek  called  Fall  Branch,     Pop.  988. 

Williamsport,  a  hamlet  of  Shawnee  co.,  Kansas,  in 
Williamsport  township,  on  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa 
Fc  Railroad,  about  10  miles  S,  of  Topeka.  Pop.  of  the 
township,  810. 

Williamsport,  a  hamlet  of  Pointe Coupee  parish,  Ln., 
near  the  Mississippi  River,  about  200  miles  above  New  Or- 
leans.    It  has  a  church. 

Williamsport,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.,  JM., 
on  the  Potomac  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Conocochcague 
Creek,  on  the  Cumberland  Valley  Railroad,  and  the  W.  ter- 
minus of  the  Western  Maryland  Railroad,  7  miles  S.W.  of 
Ilagerstown,  and  15  miles,  N.N. E.  of  Martinsburg.  It  u 
also  on  the  Chesapeake  &  Ohio  Canal.  The  village  is  sur- 
rounded by  picturesque  scenery.  It  has  a  national  bank, 
a  newspaper  office,  6  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  planing- 
mill,  and  a  sash-factory.     Pop.  in  1880,  1503. 

Williamsport,  a  post-office  of  Hamilton  co.,  Neb,,  13 
miles  N.  of  Sutton. 

Williamsport,  a  post-village  in  Deer  Creek  township, 
Pickaw.ay  co.,  0.,  on  Deer  Creek,  1  mile  from  Williamsport 
Station  of  the  Cincinnati  <fc  Muskingum  Valley  Railroad, 
which  is  9  miles  W.  of  Circleville.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop. 
514,  Williamsport  is  also  the  name  of  a  village  in  Morrow 
CO.,  0.     See  Andrews. 

Williamsport,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Lycoming  co,. 
Pa,,  beautifully  situated  on  the  W,  bank  of  the  Susque- 
hanna River,  78  miles  S,  of  Elmira,  94  miles  N.of  Jlarris- 
burg,  2U0  miles  N.W,  of  Philadelphia,  and  25  miles  E.NMv. 
of  Lock  Haven,  It  is  on  the  Northern  Central  liailroaJ 
and  the  Philadelphia  <fc  Erie  Railroad,  at  the  W.  tcnniniis 
of  the  Catawissa  it  Williamsport  Railroad.  It  is  a  pojpular 
summer  resort,  and  is  surrounded  by  high  hills  and  at- 
tractive scenery.  It  is  reputed  to  bo  the  greatest  lumber- 
market  in  the  state.  It  contains  a  court-house,  about  24 
churches,  2  or  3  high  schools,  8  grammar-schools,  the  Dick- 
inson Seminary  (for  both  sexes),  2  superior  hotels,  0  nsitional 
banks,  2  savings-banks,  and  many  elegant  residences 
Three  daily  and  6  weekly  newspapers  are  published  here. 
Several  of  the  weekly  pnpers  arc  German.  In  the  environs 
of  the  city  is  Ilerdic  Park,  which  has  an  area  of  about 
35  acres.  Williamsport  is  connected  with  the  S.  bank  of 
the  river  by  a  handsome  suspension-bridge.  Above  this 
bridge  is  the  great  Susquehanna  Boom,  which  cost  about 
$1,000,000  and  is  said  to  be  capable  of  holding  3ilO,000,OUO 
feet  of  lumber.     Pop.  in  1880,  18,934:  in  1890,  27,lo2. 

Williamsport,  a  post-village  of  Maury  co.,  Tenn.,  on 
Duck  River,  12  miles  W.  of  Columbia.  It  has  3  churches. 
Pop.  about  300. 

Williamsport,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co.,  W.  Va.,  24 
miles  S.  of  Keyser.     It  has  2  churches. 

Williams  Ilanch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Brown  co.,  Tex., 
about  125  miles  N.W.  of  Austin.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
steam  mill. 

Williams'  River,  Vermont,  rises  in  Windsor  co.,  runs 
in  a  S.S.E.  direction,  and  enters  the  Connecticut  River  3  or 
4  miles  above  Bellows  Falls. 

Williams  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Escambia  co., 
Ala.,  on  the  Mobile  &  Montgomery  Railroad,  46  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Mobile. 

Williamston,  Michigan.    See  Wilmamstowx. 

Williamston,  wiryamz-t9n,  a  post-village,  capital  of 
Martin  co.,  N.C,  in  Williamston  township,  on  the  S.  bank 
of  the  Roanoke  River,  about  100  miles  E.  of  Raleigh,  and 
22  miles  W.  of  Plymouth.  It  has  an  academy  ond  1 
churches.     Pop.  520 ;  of  the  township,  3160. 


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2831 


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Wiliiamstoii,  a  post-village  in  Wllliamston  township, 
iderson  co.,  S.C,  on  the  Greenville  <fc  Coluinbia  Railroad, 
|%iites  S.  by  W.  of  Greenville.  It  contains  the  Williams- 
4n  Female  College,  a  high  school  for  boys,  and  3  churches, 
op.  about  700  ;  of  the  township,  1426. 
;  WiWiamstOWn,  wil'yamz-town,  a  hamlet  of  Clay  oo., 
nd.,  about  15  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Terre  Haute.  Pop.  65. 
:  Williamstown,  a  post-hnmlet  in  Clinton  township, 
leciitur  CO.,  Ind.,  45  miles  S.E.  of  Indianapolis.  It  has  a 
aurch.     Pop.  73. 

Williamstown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chickasaw  co.,  Iowa, 
:n  the  Wapsipinicon  River,  about  20  miles  N.  by  E.  of 
/averly.     It  has  a  church. 

.  Williamstown,  JefiFerson  co.,  Kansas.  See  Roral. 
;  Williamstown,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Grant  co., 
iy.,  on  the  Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad,  43  miles  N.  of 
'<exington,  and  36  miles  S.  of  Cincinnati,  0.  It  has  a  brick 
ourt-housc,  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  a  handsome 
)dd-Fellows'  hall,  an  academy,  2  ilour-mills,  a  planing- 
bill,  and  12  stores.  Pop.  in  1880,  751. 
i  Williamstown,  a  post-village  of  Berkshire  co.,  Mass., 
in  Williamstown  township,  on  the  Hoosac  River,  and  on  the 
poston,  Hoosac  Tunnel  &  Western  and»Troy  <fc  Boston  Rail- 
roads, 5  miles  W.  of  North  Adams,  and  24  miles  (direct)  E. 
4f  Troy,  which  is  43  miles  distant  by  railroad.  It  is  in  a 
'ertilo  valley  which  is  "  grandly  mountain-walled"  and  is 
doted  for  beautiful  scenery.  It  contains  a  large  hotel,  3 
shurohes,  a  high  school,  and  a  cotton-factory.  AVilliamstown 
is  the  seat  of  Williams  College  (Congregational),  which  was 
ifounded  in  1793,  has  about  25  instructors,  and  a  library  of 
lover  30,000  volumes.  This  college  occupies  several  brick 
'and  stone  buildings,  one  of  which  is  an  astronomical  obser- 
.ratory.  Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  4221. 
:  Williamstown,  a  post-village  in  Williamstown  town- 
jihip,  Ingham  co.,  Mich.,  on  Cedar  River,  and  on  the  De- 
troit, Lansing  &  Northern  Railroad,  14  miles  E.  by  S.  of 
iLansing,  and  about  32  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Jackson.  It  has 
»  newspaper  ofSce,  a  banking-house,  a  union  school,  3 
ichurchcs,  2  flouring-mills,  and  2  saw-mills.  Pop.  in  ISSO, 
j982;  of  the  township,  1852. 

I  VVilliamstoAVn,  a  post-village  of  Lewis  co..  Mo.,  on 
jthe  North  Fabius  River,  10  miles  N.  of  Lewistown,  and 
labout  22  miles  S.W.  of  Keokuk,  Iowa.  It  has  4  churches, 
ia  high  school,  and  a  manufactory  of  farming-implements. 
|Pop.  180. 

Williamstown,  a  post-village  in  Monroe  township, 
j Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Williamstown  Railroad,  8  miles 
iS.W.  of  Atco,  and  about  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Camden.  It 
ihas  2  churches,  a  canning-factory,  and  2  manufactories  of 
I  glass  (hollow-ware). 

I  Williamstown,  a  post-village  in  Williamstown  town- 
I  ship,  Oswego  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Fish  Creek,  and  on  the  Rome, 
J  Waterto%vn  <fc  Ogdensburg  Railroad,  28  miles  N.AV.  of  Rome, 
i  and  about  30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Syracuse.  It  has  3  churches, 
I  a  banking-house,  and  manufactures  of  leather  and  lumber. 
i  Pop.  of  the  township,  1815. 

I  Williamstown,  North  Carolina.  See  Williamston. 
I  W^illiamstown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hancock  oo.,  0.,  4 
i  miles  from  Dunkirk,  and  about  16  miles  S.  of  Findlay. 
I  It  has  2  churches. 

I  Williamstown,  a  post-village  of  Dauphin  co.,  Pa., 
■  in  a  narrow  valley,  on  the  Summit  Branch  Railroad,  20 
;  miles  E.  of  Millersburg,  and  about  30  miles  N.N.E.  of 
I  Harrisburg.  Here  is  a  large  colliery,  which  is  said  to  have 
1  shipped  in  one  year  over  300,000  tons  of  coal.  Williams- 
'  town  has  5  churches.     Pop.  about  1800. 

Williamstown,  a  post-village  in  Williamstown  town- 
ship, Orange  co.,  Vt.,  12  miles  S.  of  Montpelier.     It  has  3 
j  churches,  a  tannery,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1236. 
!      Williamstown,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co.,  W.  Va., 
!  on  the  Ohio  River,  about  10  miles  above  Parkersburg,  and 
4  miles  below  Marietta,  0.     Pop.  282. 
Williamstown,  a  township  of  Dodge  oo.,  Wis.    Pop., 
j  including  Mayville,  2302. 

I  Williamstown,  a  hamlet  in  Northumberland  co.,  New 
'  Brunswick,  8  miles  from  Newcastle.     Pop.  150. 

Williamstown,  a  post-village  in  Glengarry  co.,  On- 
tario, on  RiviSre  aux  Raisins,  5  miles  W.  of  the  village  of 
lliviSre  Raisin.  It  contains  several  churches,  stores,  hotels, 
and  mills.     Pop.  450. 

Williamstown,  a  borough  and  senport  of  Victoria, 

Australia,  in  the  co.  of  Bourke.  at  the  mouth  of  the  Yarra- 

Yarra  River,  8  miles  by  rail  S.W.  of  Melbourne.    Its  chief 

■    industrial  establishments  are  the  patent  slips,  floating  dock, 

'    ship-building  yards,  and  a  navy-yard.     Pop.  7123. 

Williams  Valley,  a  village  in  Porter  township, 
Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  425. 


Williamsville,  wil'yamz-vll,  a  post-office  of  Sussex 
CO.,  Del. 

Williamsville,  a  post-village  of  Sangamon  co.,  II!., 
in  AVilliams  township,  on  the  Chicago  A  Alton  Railroad,  12 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Springfield.  It  contains  several  fine  resi- 
dences, 3  churches,  and  a  large  brick  school-house.  Pop. 
about  500. 

Williamsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Worcester  co.,  Mass., 
on  the  Ware  River  Railroad,  16  miles  S.  of  Winchcndon, 
and  about  18  miles  S.W.  of  Fitchburg.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  chair-frames,  packing-boxes,  <fec. 

Williamsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cass  co.,  Mich.,  about 
22  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Niles.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Williamsville,  a  post-office  of  Grenada  co..  Miss. 

Williamsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Mo.,  on 
the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  &  Southern  Railroad,  64 
miles  S.  of  Iron  Mountain.     It  has  2  churches. 

Williamsville,  a  post-village  in  Amherst  township, 
Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Eleven  Mile  Creek,  3  miles  N.  of  Forks, 
and  8  miles  N.E.  of  Buff'alo.  It  has  6  churches,  2  grist- 
mills, a  foundry,  a  saw-mill,  a  planing-mill,  and  manu- 
factures of  cement,  furniture,  brooms,  &c.     Pop.  912. 

Williamsville,  a  hamlet  of  Wyoming  co.,  N.Y.,  ip 
Java  township,  14  miles  S.  of  Attica. 

Williamsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Elk  oo..  Pa.,  about 
22  miles  W.N.W.  of  Emporium.  It  has  a  church  and  k 
lumber-mill. 

Williamsville,  a  neat  post-village  in  Newfane  town- 
ship, Windham  co.,  Vt.,  on  a  small  aflluent  of  West  River, 
about  12  miles  N.W.  of  Brattleborough.  It  has  a  church, 
a  flour-mill,  2  saw-mills,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Williamsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bath  co.,  Va.,  20 
miles  from  Millborough  Depot. 

Williamsville,  a  village  in  Haldimand  co.,  Ontario, 
35  miles  S.  of  Hamilton.     Pop.  100. 

Williams  Wharf,  a  post-office  of  Matthews  co.,  Va., 
on  East  River,  2^  miles  from  Matthews  Court-Houso. 

Williamville,  a  post-office  of  Ness  co.,  Kansas. 

Willicoochee,  Georgia.    See  Willacoochee. 

Willida,  will'i-dah,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lyon  co.,  Iowa, 
in  Dale  township,  8  miles  W.  of  Sibley.     It  has  a  church. 

WiPliman'sett,  a  post-village  in  Chicopee  township, 
Hampden  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Connecticut 
River,  and  on  the  Connecticut  River  Railroad,  7  miles  N. 
of  Springfield. 

WiPliman'tic,  a  river  of  Tolland  co..  Conn.,  Is  formed 
by  three  branches  near  Stafford  Springs,  runs  southward, 
and  joins  the  Nachaug  River  to  form  tlie  Shetucket  near 
Willi  man  tic. 

Willimantic,  a  post-borough  of  Windham  co..  Conn., 
in  Windham  township,  on  the  Willimantic  River,  and  on 
the  Boston  A  New  York  Air-Line  Railroad,  86  miles  S.W. 
of  Boston,  17  miles  N.N.W.  of  Norwich,  and  32  miles  E. 
by  S.  of  Hartford.  It  is  on  the  New  York  A  New  England 
Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  New  London  Northern  Rail- 
road. It  contains  5  churches,  an  academy  or  high  school, 
a  convent,  2  banks,  and  a  newspaper  office.  The  river  hero 
falls  100  feet  in  1  mile,  and  aff'ords  abundant  hydraulic  power. 
Here  are  extensive  manufactures  of  cotton,  silk,  and  woollen 
goods,  tin-  and  iron-wares,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  6608. 

Wil'ling,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.     P.  1199. 

Willingborough,  wil'ling-biir-rfih,  a  township  of 
Burlington  co.,  N.J.     Pop.  750. 

Willington,  wil'ling-t^n,  a  township  of  England,  co. 
of  Durham,  3i  miles  N.  of  Bishop-Auckland,  with  col- 
lieries.    Pop.  4392. 

Willington,  a  township  of  England,  co.  of  Northum- 
berland, on  the  Tyne,  3  miles  S.AV.  of  North  Shields,  with 
extensive  coal-mines  and  iron-works.  Pop.  5177. 
.  Wil'Iington,  a  post-hamlet  in  AVillington  township, 
Tolland  co..  Conn.,  about  14  miles  N.  of  Willimantic,  and 
2  miles  E.  of  the  New  London  Northern  Railroad.  It  has 
a  manufactory  of  shoddy.     Pop.  of  the  township,  942. 

Willington,  a  post-office  of  Abbeville  co.,  S.C,  about 
50  miles  N.W.  of  Augusta,  Ga. 

Willington  Quay,  kee,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Northumberland,  on  the  Tyne,  3  miles  W.S.W.  of  North 
Shields.     Pop.  4096. 

Wil'link,  a  post-village  in  Aurora  township,  Erie  oo., 
N.Y'.,  on  Cazenovia  Creek,  and  on  the  Buffiilo,  New  York  A 
Philadelphia  Railroad,  at  Aurora  Station,  16i  miles  S.E. 
of  Buff'alo,  and  1  mile  from  the  village  of  East  Aurora,  of 
which  it  may  be  considered  a  part.     It  has  2  churches. 

Willink's  Creek,  of  Niagara  oo.,  N.Y.,  falls  into  the 
W.  end  of  Lake  Ontario. 

Wil'iis,  a  post- village  of  Montgomery  oo.,  Tex.,  on  the 


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2832 


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International  A  Qreat  Northern  Railroad,  47  miles  K.  of 
Houston.  It  has  a  newspaper  office  and  a  uioncy-order 
post-offioe, 

Willisan,  ♦il'le-sCw^  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton 
luid  16  miloa  W.N.W.  of  Lucerne,  on  the  river  Wiggor. 
Pop.  1579. 

Wil'lisbnrg,  a  post-hainlct  of  Washington  co.,  Ky., 
about  4S  uiilos  6.S.E.  of  Louisville.     It  has  a  ohurch. 

Willis  Creek,  a  post-haiulot  of  Bladen  co.,  N.C.,  on 
Cape  Fear  Uiver,  at  the  uiouth  of  Willis  Creek,  16  miles 
below  Fayctleville.     It  has  a  turpentine-distillery. 

Willis  (irove,  a  post-office  of  Kno.x  oo.,  Ind, 

WilliM  I*luce,  Mass.     See  Qiuswold's  Utpkr  Mill. 

Willis  Itivcr,  a  ginall  affluent  of  James  Uiver,  Vir- 
ginia, rises  in  Buckingham  co.  Flowing  eastward  and 
northeastward,  it  crosses  Cumberland  co.,  and  fulls  into 
James  Uiver  near  Cartersville. 

Wil'liston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  about  20 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Buffalo.     It  has  a  church. 

Willistou,  a  post-office  of  Potter  co.,  Pa.,  about  24 
miles  N.  of  Emporium. 

Willistou,  a  post-village  of  Barnwell  co.,  S.C.,  on  the 
South  Carolina  Railroiid,  38  miles  E.  of  Augusta,  Oa.,  and 
21  miles  E.S.E.  of  Aiken.  It  has  2  churches  and  an  acad- 
emy.    Pop.  500. 

Willistou,  a  post-hamlet  of  Fayette  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Memphis  &  Charleston  Railroad.  It  has  a  church  and  an 
academy. 

Williston,  a  post-village  in  Williston  township,  Chit- 
tenden CO.,  Vt.,  about  8  miles  E.S.E.  of  Burlington,  and  2i 
miles  S.W.  of  Williston  Station  of  the  Central  Vermont 
Railroad.  It  has  3  churches  and  nn  academy.  The  town- 
ship is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  AVinooski  River.  Willis- 
ton Station  is  at  North  Williston.    Pop.  of  township,  1441. 

Wil'listown,  a  township  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.     P.  1552. 

Willistown  Inn,  a  post-office  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  about 
IS  miles  W.  of  Philadelphia. 

Willits,  Mendocino  co.,  Cal.    See  Little  Lake. 

Willitts,  a  station  in  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Bur- 
lington <fc  Southwestern  Railroad,  31  miles  W.  of  Fort 
Madison. 

Will'mar,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Kandiyohi  co., 
Minn.,  in  Willmar  township,  on  a  small  lake,  and  on  the 
St.  Paul  A  Pacific  Railroad,  104  miles  W.  of  St.  Paul.  It 
bos  a  newspaper  office,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  and  4 
churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  1825. 

Will'inathsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Adair  co..  Mo.,  16 
miles  N.E.  of  Kirksville.     Pop.  100. 

Willo'pa  (or  Willo'pah)  River,  Washington,  rises  in 
Chehalis  co.,  and  enters  Shoalwater  Bay  in  Pacific  co.  The 
tide  ascends  it  to  the  rapids,  17  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Willoughby,  wil'lo-be,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  West  Fork  of  Cedar  River,  about  12  miles 
S.W.  of  AVaverly. 

Willoughby,  a  post-village  in  Willoughby  township. 
Lake  co.,  0.,  on  Chagrin  River,  and  on  the  Lake  Shore  & 
Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Cleveland, 
and  10  miles  S.W.  of  Painesville.  It  contains  4  churches, 
and  the  Willoughby  College  (Methodist),  which  was  organ- 
ized in  1865.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  foundry,  and 
manufactures  of  carriages  and  farming-implements.  Pop. 
in  1880,  1001.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by 
Lake  Erie,  and  has  a  pop.  of  2524. 

Willoughby  Cape,  the  E.  point  of  Kangaroo  Island, 
South  Australia.     L.at.  35°  54'  S. ;  Ion.  138°  15'  E. 

Willoughby  Lake,  a  lake  and  summer  resort  in  West- 
more  township,  Orleans  co.,  Vt.,  about  24  miles  N.  of  St. 
Johnsbury.  The  lake,  6  miles  long  and  2  miles  wide,  is 
situated  between  two  mountains,  the  bases  of  which  meet 
under  the  lake.  One  of  these  mountains  is  about  3800  feet 
above  the  level  of  the  sea. 

Willow,  wil'lo,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Glenn  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  Northern  California  Railroad,  67  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Woodland,  and  about  45  miles  N.W.  of  Marysville.  It  has 
a  church,  2  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers,  a  bank,  a 
foundry,  bottling-works,  manufactures  of  wagons,  Ac.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1176. 

Willow,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jo  Daviess  co.,  III.,  12  miles 
S.W.  of  Lena,  and  about  18  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Freeport. 

Willow,  a  township  of  Cherokee  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  200. 

Willow,  a  post-office  of  Cuyahoga  co.,  0. 

Willow,  a  township  of  Richland  co..  Wis.     Pop.  851. 

Willow  Bend,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  W.  Va. 

Willow  Branch,  township.  Piatt  co..  111.     Pop.  1438. 

Willow  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Hancock  co.,  Ind., 
about  18  miles  S.  of  Anderson.     Here  is  a  church. 

Willow  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Gates  co.,  N.C. 


Willow  Brook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Buchanan  co.  Mo     I 
4  miles  from  Agency.     It  has  a  church.  '       "* 

Willow  Brook,  a  post-office  of  Dutchess  co.,N.V,  on   ' 
the  Poughkeepsie  A  Eastern  Railroad,  about  17  luilet  N.K 
of  Pouglikccj)sie.     Here  is  Upton's  Lake. 

Willow  Brook,  a  post-hamlet  of  Coshocton  oo.  0.  3 
miles  from  Franklin  Station.  '    "' 

Willow  Creek,  Umatilla  co.,  Oregon,  runs  in  a  N.N.W 
direction,  and  enters  the  Columbia  River. 

Willow  Creek,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Waushara  eo. 
runs  eastward,  and  enters  Poygan  Lake.  * 

Willow  Creek,  a  iKjst-oflice  of  Siskiyou  co.,  Cal. 

Willow  Creek,  a  township  of  Lee  co.,  111.   I'oi,.  1019 

Willow  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Iowa,  3u 
miles  N.E.  of  Cherokee. 

Willow  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Blue  Earth  co.,  Minn. 

Willow  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Gallatin  co.,  Moutanoj 
about  70  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Helena. 

Willow  Creek,  a  jmst-office  of  Saunders  co.,  Neb.,  10 
miles  S.  of  North  Bend  Station. 

Willow  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Humboldt  co.,  Nct. 

Willow  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Tompkins  co.,  N.Y., 
on  the  Geneva,  Ithaoa  A  Sayre  Railroad,  6  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Ithaca. 

Willow  Creek,  a  station  in  Hancock  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Lake  Erie  A  Western  Railroad,  5  miles  S.W.  of  Findlay. 

Willow  Dale,  a  hamlet  of  Ida  co.,  Iowa,  on  Maple 
River,  about  30  miles  N.N.W.  of  Denison.  It  hat  a  flour- 
mill. 

Willow  Dale,  a  post-township  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kan- 
sas.    Pop.  616. 

Willowdale,  a  post-office  of  Antelope  co.,  Neb. 

Willowdale,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  2  milei 
from  Kennett  Station,  and  about  11  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Wil- 
mington, Del.     Pop.  20. 

Willowdale,  a  hamlet  of  Comanche  co.,  Tex.,  80  miles 
from  Waco. 

Wil'lowdale,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  5 
miles  S.E.  of  Thornhill.     Pop.  160. 

Willow  Dell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Darke  co.,  0.,  in  Pat- 
terson township.     It  has  a  church. 

WilPowemoc',  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y., 
about  37  miles  N.  of  Port  Jervis.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Willow  Fork,  township,  Moniteau  co.,  Mo.    P.  2242. 

Willow  Glen,  a  hamlet  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Skaneateles  Railroad,  IJ  miles  N,  of  Skaneatelcs.  It 
has  a  paper-mill  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Willow  Green,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,  N.C. 

Willow  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kent  co.,  Del.,  about 
9  miles  S.W.  of  Dover. 

Willow  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Red  Willow  co.,  Neb. 

Willow  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.,  N.J., 
about  14  miles  N.E.  of  Bridgeton.     It  has  a  church. 

Willow  Grove,  a  hamlet  of  Union  co.,  N.J.,  2  miles 
from  Wcstfield.     It  has  a  church. 

Willow  Grove,  a  station  in  Columbia  co..  Pa.,  on  th« 
Lackawanna  A  Bloomsburg  Railroad,  8  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Bloomsburg. 

Willow  Grove,  a  post-hamlet  in  Moreland  township, 
Montgomery  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Northeast  Pennsylvania  Rail- 
road, 13^  miles  N.  of  Philadelphia.  It  has  a  mineral 
spring  and  2  or  3  hotels. 

Willow  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Clay  co.,  Tenn. 

Willow  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Shenandoah  eo.,  Va. 

Willow  Grove,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  W.  Va.,  on 
the  Ohio  River,  4  miles  above  Ripley  Landing. 

Willow  Grove,  a  post-village  in  St.  John  co..  New 
Brunswick,  on  Negro  Lake,  13  miles  from  St.  John.  It 
has  a  cotton-factory.     Pop.  100. 

Willow  Grove,  a  post-village  in  Haldimand  co.,  On- 
tario, 4  miles  S.W.  of  Caledonia.     Pop.  80. 

Willow  Hill,  a  township  of  Jasper  co.,  III.  Pop.  1552. 
Willow  Hill  Post-Office  is  at  New  Liberty. 

Willow  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Pa. 

WilloAV  Hole,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co.,  Tex.,  22 
miles  N.E.  of  Bryan.     It  has  a  church. 

Willow  Island,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dawson  co..  Neb., 
on  Platte  River,  and  on  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad,  250 
miles  W.  of  Omaha.     It  has  a  church  and  a  broom-factory. 

Willow  kland,  a  post-office  of  Pleasants  co.,  W.  Va. 

Willow  Point,  a  post-office  of  Humboldt  co.,  Nev. 

Willow  Point,  a  post-office  of  Wise  co.,  Tex. 

Willow  Ranch,  a  post-hamlet  of  Modoc  co.,  Cal.,  near 
the  E.  shore  of  Goose  Lake,  about  200  miles  N.E.  of  Red 
Bluff.     It  has  4  churches. 

WilloAV  River,  of  Richland  co..  Wis.,  is  a  small  stream 
which  flows  southward  and  enters  the  Pine  River. 


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Willow  River,  a  small  stream  of  St.  Croix  co.,  Wis., 

'uns  gouthwcstward,  and  enters  St.  Croix  River  at  Hudson. 

I  Willow  River,  a  post-office  of  Aitkin  co.,  Minn. 

I  Willows,  Colusa  co.,  Cal.     See  AVillow. 

j  Willows,  a  post-office  of  Calvert  co.,  Md. 

j  Willows,  a  post-hamlet  of  Umatilla  co.,  Oregon,  on  or 

ioar  the  Columbia  River. 

[  Willow  Shade,  a  hamlet  of  Metcalfe  co.,  Ky.,  23  miles 

^.S.E.  of  Glasgow.     It  has  a  church. 

I  Willow  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co..  Miss. 

■\Villow  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Russell  co.,  Va. 

Willow  Springs,  a  post-village  in  Lyons  township, 

'ook  CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Alton  Railroad,  18  miles 

W.  of  Chicago.     It  has  .3  churches. 

Willow  Springs,  a  post-village  in  AVillow  Springs 
ownship,  Douglas  co.,  Kansas,  about  10  miles  S.  by  W.  of 

lawrence.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1174. 

Willow  Springs,  a  post-township  of  Howell  co.,  Mo. 
fop.  608. 

!  Willow  Springs,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVheelor  co.,  Neb., 
bo  miles  N.N.W.  of  Grand  Island. 

j  Willow  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Oregon. 
f  Willow  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Columbia  co.,  Pa., 
I&bout  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Danville, 

Willow  Springs,  a  village  of  Erath  co.,  Tex.   P.  238. 
I    Willow  Springs,  a  station  in  Gregg  co.,  Tex.,  on  the 
{Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad,  3i  miles  W.  of  Longview. 
r  Willow  Springs,  a  township  of  Lafayette  co.,  Wis. 
jPon.  1064. 

Willow  Street,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa., 
n  or  near  the  Lancaster  <fc  Quarryville  Railroad,  about  6 

ilcs  S.  by  E.  of  Lancaster.     It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 

Willow  Swamp,  a  post-office  of  Orangeburg  co.,  S.C. 

Willow  Town,  a  post-office  of  Taylor  co.,  Ky. 

Willow  Tree,  a  station  in  Pulaski  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
incinnati  Southern  Railroad. 

Willow  Tree,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co..  Pa. 

Willow  Tree,  a  post-office  of  Mason  co.,  W.  Va. 

Willow  Vale,  a  hamlet  of  Oneida  co.,  N.Y.,  in  New 
Hartford  township,  1  mile  from  Washington  Mills. 

Willow  Vale,  a  hamlet  of  Columbia  co..  Pa.,  in  Frank- 
lin township.     It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Willow  Valley,  a  station  in  Martin  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Ohio  it  Mississippi  Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of  Shoals. 

Willow  Valley,  a  post-office  of  Greenwood  co.,  Kan- 
sas, 30  miles  S.  of  Emporia. 

Willow  Wood,  Lawrence  co.,  0.    See  Millville. 

Wills,  a  township  of  La  Porte  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  884. 

Wills,  a  township  of  Guernsey  co.,  0.     Pop.  1670. 

Willsborough,  wilz'biir-ruh,  a  post-village  in  Wills- 
borough  township,  Essex  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Roquet  River, 
about  2  miles  W.  of  Lake  Champlain,  and  14  miles  S.W. 
of  Burlington,  Vt.  It  is  on  the  New  York  &  Canada  Rail- 
road, 26  miles  S.  of  Plattsburg.  The  township  has  manu- 
factures of  lumber,  iron,  Ac,  and  quarries  of  bluestone. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1764. 

Willsborough  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  Essex  co., 
N.Y.,  on  Lake  Champlain,  9  miles  from  Burlington,  Vt., 
and  25  miles  S.  of  Plattsburg.     It  has  a  stone-quarry. 

Willsburg,  wilz'burg,  a  hamlet  of  Page  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Colfa.x  township,  about  20  miles  S.W.  of  Clarinda. 

Wills  Creek,  Alabama,  rises  in  De  Kalb  co.,  runs 
louthwestward  to  Attala,  and  enters  the  Coosa  River  in 
Etowah  CO.,  about  5  miles  below  Gadsden.  Its  valley  is 
Bearly  60  miles  long  and  about  5  miles  wide. 

Will's  Creek,  Ohio,  runs  northward  through  Guernsey 
CO.,  from  which  it  flows  westward,  and  enters  the  Mus- 
kingum River  about  9  miles  S.  of  Coshocton.  It  is  nearly 
60  miles  long. 

Will's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Coshocton  co.,  0.,  on  a 
stream  of  its  own  name,  20  miles  N.N.E.  of  Zanosville. 

Wills  Creek,  a  station  in  Bedford  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Bedford  <fc  Bridgeport  Railroad,  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bedford. 

Will'seyville,  a  post-village  of  Tioga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Delaware,  Lackawanna  <fc  Western  Railroad  and  the  Utica, 
Ithaca  &  Elmira  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Owcgo,  and 
17  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ithaca. 

Will'shire,  a  post-village  in  Willshire  township,  Van 
Wert  CO.,  0.,  on  the  St.  Mary's  River,  and  on  the  Toledo, 
Delphos  &  Burlington  Railroad,  26  miles  W.S.W.  of  Del- 
phos,  and  9  miles  S.E.  of  Decatur,  Ind.  It  has  a  church, 
a  planing-mill,  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  in  1880,  508;  of  the 
township,  196.3. 

Wills  JUoun'tain,  a  ridge  extending  from  the  S.W. 
part  of  Bedford  co..  Pa.,  E.  of  Wills  Creek,  into  Alle- 
ghany CO.  in  Maryland. 

Will's  Point,  apost-rillageof  Van  Zandt co., Tex.,  on 


the  Texas  A  Pacific  Railroad,  47  miles  E.  of  Dallas.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  2  drug-stores,  Ac. 
Pop.  in  1880,  860. 

Willstedt,  «-iirstitt,  a  market-town  of  Baden,  5  miles 
N.N.W.  of  09"enburg.     Pop.  1455. 

Will'villc,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co.,  Mich. 

WilMyden'is,  a  post-office  of  Graham  co.,  Kansas. 

Wilmaustrand,  Finland.     See  Viluanstuand. 

Wilmar,  Minnesota.    ScCjJVillmar. 

Wil'marth,  a  hamlet  of  Elk  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Clarion 
River  and  the  Philadeljihia  A  Erie  Railroad,  9  miles  N.  by 
E.  of  Ridgway.  It  has  1  or  2  lumber-mills.  Pop.  about 
200.     Here  is  Rolfe  Post-Office. 

Wil'merding,  a  station  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad, 

13  miles  E.  of  Pittsburg,  Pa. 

Wilmersdorf,  *il'm?rs-donf\  a  village  of  Prussia,  3 
miles  S.W.  of  Berlin.     Pop.  2367. 

Wilmette,  wil-met',  a  post-village  in  New  Trier  town- 
ship. Cook  CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  A  Milwaukee  Railroad, 

14  miles  N.  of  Chicago.  It  is  on  the  shore  of  Lake  Michi- 
gan, which  is  here  bordered  by  a  blufi"  about  100  feet  high. 
It  has  a  church.     Pop.  in  1S90,  1458. 

Wil'mington,  a  post-office  of  Walker  co.,  Ala. 

Wilmington,  a  hamlet  of  Union  co.,  Ark.,  on  the 
Ouachita  River,  about  34  miles  S.E.  of  Camden.     Pop.  320. 

Wilmington,  a  post-village  in  Wilmington  township, 
Los  Angeles  co.,  Cal.,  on  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and  on  the 
Los  Angeles  division  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  20 
miles  S.  of  Los  Angeles.  It  contains  Wilson  College  and 
2  churches.     Pop.  in  1880,  911;  of  the  township,  1865. 

Wilmington,  a  port  of  entry,  the  capital  of  New  Castle 
CO.,  Del.,  is  situated  on  the  Delaware  River,  and  on  Brandy 
wine  and  Christiana  Creeks,  which  unite  J  mile  from  the 
river.  It  is  28  miles  S.W,  of  Philadelphia,  and  70  miles 
E.N,E.  of  Baltimore.  L.at.  39°  41'  N. ;  Ion,  75°  28'  or  30' 
W,  It  is  on  the  Philadelphia,  Wilmington  A  Baltimore 
Railroad,  and  is  the  southern  terminus  of  the  Wilmington  ifc 
Northern  Railroad,  which  connects  here  with  the  Baltimore 
A  Ohio  Railroad.  Wilmington  is  the  chief  commercial  and 
manufacturing  centre  of  Delaware.  It  is  built  on  three 
slopes  of  a  hill,  the  summit  of  which  is  240  feet  above  the 
level  of  tide-water  and  commands  an  extensive  view  of 
the  Delaware  River  and  of  the  city  itself.  The  city  is 
regularly  planned,  has  wide  and  straight  streets,  and  is 
generally  well  built  of  brick.  The  streets  which  are  par- 
allel to  the  Christiana  are  Water,  Front,  2d,  3d,  Ac,  up 
to  23d  street,  beyond  Brandywine  Creek.  These  are  in- 
tersected at  right  angles  by  Market  street,  the  principal 
thoroughfare  of  business,  which  extends  the  whole  length 
of  the  city,  and  is  about  2  miles  long,  including  the  bridges 
over  Brandywine  and  Christiana  Creeks.  The  streets  which 
are  parallel  with  Market  street  are  designated  by  proper 
names,  as  King,  Shipley,  French,  Ac  The  city  contains 
46  churches,  namely,  9  Methodist,  8  Episcopal,  7  Pres- 
byterian, 5  Baptist,  2  Friends',  6  Catholic,  1  German 
Lutheran,  1  Swedenborgian,  1  Unitarian,  and  6  African. 
Grace  church  (Methodist)  is  a  beautiful  Gothic  edifice  of 
green  serpentine.  The  Old  Swedes'  church  of  this  place  was 
built  in  1698.  Among  the  public  buildings  are  a  granito 
custom-house,  a  town  hall,  a  large  opera-house,  a  hospitivl, 
and  the  Wilmington  Institute,  a  brick  structure  which  con- 
tains a  spacious  hall,  a  scientific  lecture-room,  and  an  ex- 
tensive library.  The  Clayton  House  is  a  commodious  first- 
class  hotel,  built  of  fine  brick  and  stone.  Six  daily  and  10 
weekly  newspapers  (1  German)  are  published  here.  Wil- 
mington contains  also  the  Delaware  State  Normal  Univer- 
sity, founded  in  1866,  the  Wesleyan  Female  College,  the 
Rugby  Academy  (for  boys),  the  Delaware  Institute  (for 
both  sexes),  several  boarding-schools,  17  public  schools,  a 
home  for  aged  women,  many  building  and  loan  associations, 
2  savings-banks,  4  national  banks  (the  capital  of  which 
amounts  to  $1,013,185),  and  a  state  bank,  which  has  a  capi- 
tal of  $236,000.  The  streets,  stores,  and  residences  are 
lighted  with  gas  and  electricity,  and  the  city  is  supplied 
with  water  from  the  Brandywine.  It  has  an  efficient  fire 
department.  Wilmington  is  by  far  the  most  important  and 
populous  town  in  the  state.  Its  increase  in  population 
from  1880  to  1890  was  44.62  per  cent.  It  is  remarkable 
for  its  manufactures,  of  which  the  following  are  the  most 
important  products:  iron  steamboats,  railway-cars,  steam- 
engines,  machinery,  powder,  cotton  goods,  carriages,  flour, 
morocco,  leather,  farming-implements,  iron  castings,  wool- 
len goods,  locomotive-  and  car-springs,  and  parlor  matches. 
Here  are  about  5  iron-foundries,  6  large  machine-shops,  6 
rolling-mills,  6  cotton-factories,  several  manufactories  of 
woollen  goods,  2  large  saw-mills,  and  flour-mills  on  the 
Brandywine  which  grind  1,000,000  bushels  of  wheat  in  a 


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year.  According  to  the  census  of  1890,  the  aggregate  cnp- 
ital  employed  in  the  reported  industries  of  Wilmington  was 
$15,652,24«,  and  the  total  value  of  producls  $19,058,116. 
The  powder-works  of  Dupont  A  Co.,  2  miles  from  the  city, 
have  long  been  celebrated.  Street-cars  run  from  tl>e  PLil- 
sdelphia  A  Baltimore  depot  via  Market  street  and  Dolawnre 
avenue  to  the  N.W.  extremity  of  the  city.  Sti-ainboats  ply 
daily  between  this  place  nndJ'hiladelphia.  The  Brandy  wine 
Creek  near  Wilmington  fl«J|ifs  through  attractive  scenery. 
Pop.  in  1870,  30,841  ;  in  1880,  42,478;  in  1890,  fil,4.11. 

Wilmington,  a  hamlet  of  Greene  co..  III.,  1  mile  from 
Drake  Station  on  the  Chicago,  Alton  A  St.  Louis  Railroad. 

Wilmington,  a  post-town  of  Will  oo.,  111.,  in  Wil- 
mington township,  on  the  Kankakee  River  and  the  Chicago 
A  Alton  Railroad,  15  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Jolict,  and  53  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Chicago.     It  contains  a  national  bank,  a  nows- 

Saper  office,  a  graded  school,  and  5  churches.  It  has  fine 
rfves  along  the  river.     Pop.  1828  ;  of  the  township,  2766. 

Wilmington,  a  post-village  of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind.,  in 
Hogan  township,  near  the  Ohio  A  Mississippi  Railroad,  3 
miles  W.  of  Aurora.     Pop.  301. 

Wilmington, a  station  on  the  Lake  Shore  A  Michigan 
Southern  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Waterloo,  Ind. 

Wilmington,  a  township  of  De  Kalb  co.,  Ind.  Pop. 
2296.     It  cont:iins  Butler. 

Wilmington,  a  post-hamlet  of  "Wabaunsee  co.,  Kan- 
sas, 7  or  8  miles  W.  of  Burlingame.  It  has  a  hotel,  2  stores, 
Ac.     Pop.  of  township,  808. 

Wilmington,  a  station  of  the  Boston  A  Maine  Rail- 
road, 16i  miles  N.  of  Boston,  Mass.  SeeNoiiTii  Wilmington. 

Wilmington,  a  post-village  in  Wilmington  township, 
Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  Boston,  Lowell  A  Nashua 
Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Lawrence  Branch,  15  miles 
N.  of  Boston.  It  has  2  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a 
tannery.  Near  it  is  Wilmington  Station  on  the  Boston  A 
Maine  Railroad.  Pop.  of  the  township,  879.  Wilmington 
Junction  and  Wilmington  Station  on  the  Salem  A  Lowell 
Railroad  are  also  in  Wilmington  township. 

Wilmington,  a  post-township  of  Houston  co.,  Minn., 
about  40  miles  S.  of  Winona,  and  25  miles  S.W.  of  La 
Crosse.     It  contains  2  churches.     Pop.  1253. 

Wilmington,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wilmington  township, 
Essex  CO.,  N.Y.,  at  the  base  of  AVhiteface  Mountain,  a  peak 
of  the  Adirondacks,  4918  feet  high,  about  30  aiiles  S.W.  of 
Plattsburg.  It  has  a  hotel  called  the  AVhiteface  Mountain 
House.  The  township  has  3  churches,  some  iron-works,  and 
a  pop.  of  876. 

y\  ilmington,  a  city,  port  of  entry,  and  capital  of  New 
Hanover  co.,  N.C.,  is  situated  on  the  E.  or  left  bank  of  the 
Cape  Fear  River,  about  30  miles  from  its  mouth,  134  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Raleigh,  and  189  miles  E.  of  Columbia,  S.C.  It 
is  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Wilmington  A  Weldon  Railroad, 
and  the  E.  terminus  of  the  Wilmington,  Columbia  A  Au- 
gusta Railroad.  The  Carolina  Central  Railroad  extends 
from  this  place  to  Charlotte,  187  miles.  Lat.  34°  11'  N.  ; 
Ion.  78°  10'  W.  It  is  the  largest  and  most  commercial 
town  in  the  state.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  custom- 
house, 21  churches,  a  national  bank,  3  other  banks,  2  or  3 
academics,  a  normal  school,  a  cotton-factory,  5  steam  saw- 
mills, 2  flour-mills,  2  rice-mills,  and  10  turpentine-distil- 
leries. Three  daily  and  5  weekly  newspapers  are  published 
here.  Steamboats  ply  daily  between  this  port  and  Balti- 
more, Charleston,  Ac.  Other  steamboats  navigate  the  Cape 
Fear  River  between  Wilmington  and  Fiiyetteville.  Pop.  in 
1870,  13,446:  in  1880,  17,350;  in  1890,  20,(i.i6. 

Wilmington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clinton  co.,  0., 
in  Union  township,  on  the  Cincinnati  A  Muskingum  Val- 
ley Railroad,  55  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati,  and  22  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Washington.  It  is  pleasantly  situated  on  un- 
dulating ground,  and  contains  a  court-house,  a  gnided  school, 
9  churches,  2  national  banks,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  the 
Wilmington  College  (Friends'),  which  was  organized  in 
1871  and  is  open  to  both  sexes.  It  has  also  a  woollen-mill, 
a  planing-mill,  and  an  iron-bridge  company.     Pop.  2745, 

Wilmington,  a  station  on  the  New  Castle  A  Franklin 
Railroad,  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  New  Castle,  Pa. 

Wilmington,  a  township  of  Lawrence  oo.,  Pa.  Pop. 
1634.     It  contains  New  Wilmington. 

Wilmington,  a  township  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.  Pop.  548. 

Wilmington,  a  post-village  in  Wilmington  township, 
Windham  co.,  Vt.,  on  the  Deerfield  River,  about  18  miles 
E.  of  Bennington.     Pop.  of  township,  1246. 

Wilmington,  apost-hamlct  of  Fluvanna  co.,  Va.,  near 
the  Rivanna  River,  about  20  miles  S.E.  of  Charlottesville. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  tobacco-factory. 

Wilmington  Island,  of  Chatham  co.,  Ga.,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Savannah  River,  is  enclosed  on  the  N.E.  and 


N.W.  by  small  outlets  of  the  Savannah  River.    Length  S 
miles;  greatest  breadth,  about  4  miles.  ' 

Wilmington  Junction,  a  station  of  the  Booion  A 
Maine  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Salura  A  Lowell 
Railroad,  and  on  the  Lawrence  Branch  of  the  Itocton  A 
Lowell  Railroad,  18  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Boston,  Mass. 

Wil'more,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Jessamine  co. 
Ky.,  on  the  Cincinnati  Southern  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of 
Nicholasville. 

Wilmorc,  a  post-borough  in  Summer  Hill  township, 
Cambria  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Conemaugh  River  and  the  IVnn- 
sylvanift  Railroad,  25  miles  S.W.  of  Altoona.  It  hiw  4 
churches  and  a  grist-mill.     Coal  is  found  hero.     Pop.  :w. 

Wil'mot,  a  post-office  of  Noble  co.,  Ind.,  about  33  luilui 
W.N.W.  of  Fort  Wayne. 

Wilmot,  a  post-office  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas. 

Wilmot,  a  post-office  of  Furnas  eo..  Neb. 

Wilmot,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wilmot  township,  Merrlmnck 
CO.,  N.ll.,  35  miles  N.W.  of  Concord,  and  2  miles  W.  of  tlio 
Northern  Railroad.  It  has  2  churches.  The  townsliip 
contains  a  village  named  Wilmot  Flat,  and  has  uinnufocturea 
of  woollen  hosiery,  leather,  and  lumber.  On  its  border  it 
Mount  Kearsarge.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1072. 

Wilmot,  a  post-village  of  Stark  co.,  0.,  in  Sugar 
Creek  township,  3  miles  from  Barr's  Mills  Station,  snd 
about  16  miles  S.W.  of  Canton.  It  has  3  churches,  a  wool- 
len-mill,  a  flour-mill,  a  union  school,  and  a  manufaotory  of 
agricultural  implements. 

Wilmot,  a  post-township  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Bradford 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  36  miles  W.N.W.  of  Scranton.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.  by  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  has  3 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber.     Pop.  1305. 

Wilmot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Kenosha  co.,  Wis.,  on  Pox 
River,  about  26  miles  S.W.  of  Racine. 

Wil'mot,  or  Farm'ington,  a  post-villnge  of  Nova 
Scotia,  CO.  of  Annapolis,  on  the  Annapolis  River,  about  40 
miles  from  its  entrance  into  Annapolis  Bay,  and  on  a  rail- 
road, 98  miles  N.W.  of  Halifax.  It  contains  several  stores 
and  mills,  and  some  excellent  mineral  springs.     Pop.  200. 

Wilmot  Flat, a  post-village  in  Wilmot  township,  Mer- 
rimack CO.,  N.II.,  about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Concord,  and  4 
miles  N.W.  of  Mount  Kearsarge.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
manufactory  of  hosiery.     Pop.  about  200. 

Wil 'moths,  a  post-office  of  Barbour  co.,  W  A'a. 

Wilmott,  or  Wilmot,  a  post-office  of  Ray  eo..  Mo. 

Wil'mur,  a  post-village  in  Addington  co.,  Ontario,  24 
miles  N.  of  Kingston.  It  contains  4  saw-mills,  and  in  tbt 
vicinity  are  extensive  lead-mines.     Pop.  300. 

Wil'murt,  a  post-township  forming  the  N.  extremity 
of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.,  is  nearly  50  miles  long.  It  hns  a 
mountainous  surface,  which  is  mostly  covered  with  forests 
and  diversified  by  numerous  lakes.     Pop.  185. 

Wilna,  a  government  and  town  of  Russia.   SeeViLHA. 

Wil'na,  a  post-office  of  Harford  co.,  Md.,  7  miles  N.  of 
Alagnolia  Station. 

Wilna,  a  post-township  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  bounded 
S.AV.  by  Black  River.  It  contains  the  village  of  Carthage, 
and  has  a  pop.  of  4265.  Wilna  Post-Offico  is  about  20  luiles 
E.  by  N.  of  Watertown. 

Wil'nccote,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Warwick, 
parish  and  3  miles  S.S.E.  of  Tamworth,  on  the  Birminghan 
A  Derby  Railway. 

Wilnis,  wil'nis,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  proTlnco 
and  15  miles  N.AV.  of  Utrecht.     Pop.  1659. 

Wilryk,  wil'rik,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  4 
miles  S.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  2355. 

Wils'den,  a  town  of  England,  in  Yorkshire,  4  miles 
S.E.  of  Kcighley.     Pop.  3127. 

Wilsdrulf,  iSils'droof,  a  town  of  Saxony,  9  miles  W.  of 
Dresden,  on  the  AVilde-Sau.     Pop.  2569. 

Wilsele,  wil's4-l§h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  Brabant, 
on  the  Dyle,  15  miles  E.N.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1195. 

Wilseyville,  New  York.    See  AVillseyvili.e. 

Wil'seyville,  a  post-office  of  Defiance  co.,  0. 

Wilsnach,  ^J^ils'niK,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  of 
Brandenburg,  60  miles  N.W.  of  Potsdam.     Pop.  2180. 

Wil 'son,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Kansas,  has  an 
area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Verdi- 
gris River,  which  runs  nearly  southward,  and  is  partly 
drained  by  Fall  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is 
diversified  with  upland  prairies  and  wide  river-bottoms,  on 
which  groves  of  oak,  hickory,  white  ash,  black  walnut,  and 
other  trees  are  found.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and  adapted  to 
pasturage.  Indian  corn,  hay,  wheat,  and  cattle  are  the 
staple  products,  and  coal  is  abundant  here.  Ca])ital,  Fro- 
donia.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $1,811,332. 
Pop.  in  1870,  6694  J  in  1875,  9749;  in  1880,  1.3,775. 


WIL 


2835 


WIL 


Wilson,  a  coxjnty  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Nortb  Caro- 
lina, lias  an  area  of  about  350  square  miles.  It  is  intor- 
feccted  by  Moccasin  Crook,  and  also  drained  by  Contentnea 
ICrcek.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is 
(mostly  covered  with  forests  of  pine  and  other  trees.  The 
(soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  oy  the  Wil- 
mington <fe  Weldon  Railroad.  Cajtital,  Wilson.  Valuation 
of  real  and  personal  estate,  $2,956,232.  Pop.  in  1870, 
12,253,  of  whom  12,209  werp  Americans;  in  1880,  16,064. 

Wilson,  a  county  of  Middle  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of 
about  600  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  the 
jCumberland  River,  which  is  here  navigable  by  steamboats. 
The  surface  is  moderately  hilly  or  undulating,  and  ex- 
tensively covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  beech,  cedar, 
ihickory,  oak,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  very  fertile. 
[Indian  corn,  wlieat,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  butter,  and  pork  are 
!thc  staple  products.  Silurian  limestones  (Trenton  and 
INashville)  underlie  nearly  all  parts  of  the  surface.  This 
county  is  connected  with  Nashville  by  the  Tennessee  <t 
Pacilio  Railroad.  Cnpital,  Lebanon.  Valuation  of  real 
(and  personal  estate,  $12,500,000.  Pop.  in  1870,  25,881,  of 
jwhom  25,814  were  American^;  in  1880,  28,747. 
i  Wilson,  a  county  in  the  S.  central  part  of  Texas,  It 
is  intersected  by  the  San  Antonio  River,  and  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Cibolo.  The  surface  is  partly  covered  with 
forests.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cattle,  Indian  corn,  and  pork 
are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Floresville.  Valuation 
jof  real  and  personal  estate,  $439,271.  Pop.  in  1870,  2556, 
of  whom  2215  were  Americans;  in  1880,  7118. 

Wilson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Escambia  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Mobile  &  Montgomery  Railroad,  41  miles  N.E.  of  Mobile. 
It  has  a  church,  and  a  manufivctory  of  rosin  and  turpen- 
tine.    Pop.  about  200. 

Wilson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Suwanee  co.,  Fla.,  lOJ  miles 
S.  of  Wellborn.     It  has  2  churches. 

Wilson,  a  township  of  De  AVitt  co..  111.     Pop.  640. 

Wilson,  a  station  on  the  railroad  between  Logansport 
and  Marion,  22  miles  E.S.E.  of  Logansport,  Ind. 

Wilson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Iowa,  on 
East  Nishnabatona  River,  14  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Red  Oak. 

Wilson,  a  post-village  in  Wilson  township,  Ellsworth 
CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Kansas  Pacific  Railroad,  about  15  miles 
N.W.  of  Ellsworth.  It  has  a  graded  school,  about  30 
houses,  and  a  broom-factory.  Coal  is  found  near  it.  Pop. 
of  township,  892.  The  name  of  the  station  at  this  place 
is  Bosland. 

Wilson,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  Kansas.     Pop.  531. 

Wilson,  a  post-office  of  Worcester  co.,  Md. 

Wilson,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wilson  township,  Winona  CO., 
Minn.,  8  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Winona.  The  township  has  3 
churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1086. 

Wilson,  a  post-hamlet  in  AVilson  township,  Adair  co., 
Mo.,  about  24  miles  N.  of  Macon  City.  The  township  con- 
tains 4  churches,  and  has  a  pop.  of  1119. 

Wilson,  a  township  of  Audrain  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1740. 

Wilson,  a  township  of  Greene  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1053. 

Wilson,  a  post-office  of  Colfax  co..  Neb.,  11  miles  N. 
of  Richland  Station  of  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad. 

Wilson,  a  post-village  and  shipping-port  in  Wilson 
township,  Niagara  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Lake  Ontario,  about  32 
miles  N.  of  Buffalo,  and  14  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lockport.  It 
has  a  good  harbor,  3  or  4  churches,  a  union  school,  2  iron- 
foundries,  and  a  steam  lumber-mill.  It  is  J  mile  from 
Wilson  Station,  which  is  on  the  Lake  Ontario  Shore  Rail- 
road, 14  miles  N.E.  of  Lewiston.  Pop.  661 ;  of  the  town- 
ship, 2847. 

Wilson,  a  post-village,  capital  of  AVilson  co.,  N.C.,  in 
Wilson  township,  on  the  AVihnington  &  AVeldon  Railroad, 
24  miles  N.  of  Goldsborough,  and  about  44  miles  E.  of 
Raleigh.  It  has  5  churches,  a  national  bank,  2  newspaper 
offices,  the  AVilson  Collegiate  Seminary  for  young  ladies, 
and  AVilson  College,  also  a.  tannery,  a  foundry,  2  plough- 
factories,  2  carriage-factories,  a  steam-mill,  Ac.  Pop.  in 
1890.  2176  ;  of  the  township,  4903. 

Wilson,  a  post-office  of  Adams  co.,  0.,  is  at  Newport,  a 
hamlet  20  miles  S.E.  of  Hillsborough. 

Wilson,  a  township  of  Clinton  co.,  0.     Pop.  1157. 

Wilson,  a  post-village  in  Springfield  township,  St. 
Croix  CO.,  AVis.,  on  the  AVest  AVisconsin  Railroad,  32  miles 
E.  of  Hudson.  It  has  2  churches,  a  newspiaper  office,  and 
a  large  lumber-mill,  <tc. 

Wilson,  a  township  of  Sheboygan  co.,  AVis,     P.  1222. 

Wil'sonburg,  a  jwst-hamlet  of  Richland  co.,  III.,  in 
Denver  township,  5  miles  N.  of  Noble,  and  about  9  miles 
W.N.W.  of  OIney.     It  has  a  church. 

Wilsonburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ilarrison  co.,  AV.  Ya., 


on  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  4  miles  AT.  of  Clarki- 
burg.     It  has  a  church.     Coal  is  mined  hero. 

Wilson  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Wilson  co.,  Kansas. 

Wilson  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Tioga  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
20  miles  N.AV.  of  Binghamton. 

Wilson  Cross  Roads,  post-office,  Hempstead  CO.,  Ark. 

Wilson  Grove,  a  post-olfice  of  Butler  co.,  Iowa. 

Wilson's,  a  station  of  the  AVcstern  Railroad  of  Ala- 
bama, 13  miles  E.S.E.  of  Selma,  Ala. 

Wilson's,  a  station  of  the  Louisville,  New  Albany  A 
Chicago  Railroad,  lli  miles  N.  of  New  Albany,  Ind. 

Wilson's,  a  station  and  hamlet  of  (Jarrett  co.,  Md.,  on 
the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  }  of  a  mile  E.  of  Altamont. 
It  has  a  church  and  6  families. 

Wilson's,  a  station  in  Prince  George's  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
Baltimore  &  Potomac  Railroad.  9  miles  N.E.  of  Washington. 

Wilson's,  Crawford  co..  Mo.     See  AVilson's  Mili..s. 

M'ilson's,  a  station  of  the  Painesvillo  &  Youngstown 
Railroad,  3J  miles  S.  of  Painesville,  0. 

Wilson's,  a  post-office  of  Anderson  co.,  Tenn.,  about 
15  miles  N.AV.  of  Knoxville. 

Wilson's  Beach,  a  post-village  in  Charlotte  co..  New 
Brunswick,  on  the  E.  end  of  Campo  Bello  Island,  at  the 
entrance  to  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  3  miles  from  Eastport,  Me. 
Pop.  500. 

Wilson's  Crossing,  a  post-office  of  Rockingham  eo., 
N.IL,  on  the  Manchester  A  Lawrence  Railroad,  at  Wilson's 
Station,  8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Manchester.  Here  is  a  shoo-fao- 
tory. 

Wilson's  Depot,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dinwiddio  co., 
\''a.,  on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  <fc  Ohio  Railroad,  27  miles 
AV.S.AV.  of  Petersburg. 

Wilson's  Land'ing,  a  hamlet  of  Charles  City  co., 
Va.,  on  James  River,  about  30  miles  S.E.  of  Richmond. 

Wilson's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Oxford  co.,  Me.,  on 
the  Magalloway  River,  about  60  miles  N.N.AV,  of  Paris. 

Wilson's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co..  Mo.,  on 
the  St.  Louis,  Salem  &  Little  Rock  Railroad,  at  AVilson'a 
Station,  19  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Salem.  Here  is  a  flour-mill 
on  the  Jfaramcc  River. 

Wilson's  Mills,  a  post-hamlct  of  Johnston  co.,  N.C., 
on  the  Raleigh  division  of  the  North  Carolina  Railroad, 
22i  miles  S.E.  of  Raleigh.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill, 
and  a  machine-shop. 

Wilson's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cuyahoga  co.,  0., 
on  Chagrin  River,  about  18  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Cleveland. 
It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Wilson's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Venango  co..  Pa., 
about  12  miles  AV.N.AV.  of  Oil  City. 

Wilson's  Point,  a  post-hamlet  of  East  Carroll  parish, 
La.,  on  the  Mississippi  River. 

Wilson's  Prom'ontory,  in  the  British  colony  of  Vic- 
toria, forms  the  S.  extremity  of  the  continent  of  Australia, 
in  Bass's  Strait.  Lat.  39°  8' S.;  Ion.  146°  23' E.  Itis3000 
feet  above  the  sea.  Around  it  are  many  small  islands,  and 
on  its  E.  side  are  Corner  Inlet  and  AVaterloo  Bay. 

Wilson's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Stokes  eo.,  N.C.,  29 
miles  N.  of  AA'inston. 

Wil'sontown,  a  village  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Lanark. 
Pop.  585. 

Wil'sonvillc,  a  post-village  of  Shelby  co..  Ala.,  on 
the  Selma,  Rome  &  Dalton  Railroad,  28  miles  S.AV.  of  Tal- 
ladega. It  has  2  churches,  and  manufactures  of  lumber 
and  sorghum. 

Wilsonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windham  co.,  Conn., 
on  the  Norwich  &  AA'orcester  Railroad,  about  20  miles  S.  of 
AVorcester,  Mass.     It  has  a  woollen-factory. 

Wilsonville,  a  post-hamlct  of  Douglas  co.,  Ga.,  8 
miles  N.E.  of  AVhitesburg.  It  has  a  church,  a  woollen- 
factory,  a  flour-mill,  <4c. 

Wilsonville,  a  post-office  of  Van  Buren  co.,  Iowa. 

Wilsonville,  a  post-office  of  Allen  co.,  Kansas,  25 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Fort  Scott. 

Wilsonville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Spencer  co.,  Ky.,  about 
20  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Louisville. 

Wilsonville,  a  post-office  of  Furnas  co..  Neb.,  65  miles 
S.  by  AV.  of  Plum  Creek. 

Wilsonville,  a  hamlet  of  Pike  co..  Pa.,  1  mile  from 
Ilawloy  Railroad  Station.     It  has  2  saw-mills. 

Wilsonville,  a  post-h.amlet  of  Obion  co.,  Tenn.,  9  milei 
N.  of  the  villauce  of  Obion.     It  has  2  churches. 

Wilsonville,  a  post-office  of  San  Pete  co.,  Utah. 

Wilsonville,  a  post-office  of  Highland  co.,  Va.,  about 
40  miles  AV.  of  Staunton. 

Wilster,  ■ft-il'st^r,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Ilolstein,  on 
the  AVilsteraue,  9  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Gliickstadt.  Pop.  2370 
It  has  a  considerable  trade  in  corn. 


WIL 


2836 


WIN 


Wiltcn,  ^il't^n,  a  village  of  Austria,  Tyrol,  circle  of 
Schwatz,  near  Imst.     Pop.  2575. 

Wil'ton,  a  parliamentary  borough  of  Englnnd,  oo.  of 
Wilte,  3J  miles  W.N.W.  of  Salisbury.  Pop.  8805.  Chief 
odiflcos,  the  church,  town  hall,  dissenting  chapolx,  and  the 
hospital  of  St.  John.  It  has  an  endowed  school.  Wilton 
hivs  long  boon  celebrated  for  a  manufactory  of  carpets 
bearing  its  name.  The  borough  returns  one  member  to 
the  House  of  Commons.  Wilton  House,  the  magnificent 
seat  of  the  Earl  of  Pembroke,  and  containing  a  fine  gallery 
of  paintings,  stands  on  the  site  of  a  famous  abbey,  founded 
A.D.  800. 

Wilton,  a  suburb  of  Hawick,  Roxburgh  oo.,  Scotland. 
Pop.  2986. 

Wil'ton,  a  post-office  of  Pike  oo.,  Ark.,  about  48  miles 
W.  of  Arkadelphia. 

Wilton,  a  post-village  of  Fairfield  co.,  Conn.,  in  Wil- 
ton township,  on  the  Danbury  <fc  Norwalk  Railroad,  16 
miles  S.  of  Danbury,  and  6  miles  N.  of  Norwalk.  It  has 
2  churches  and  2  academies  or  boarding-schools.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1994. 

Wilton,  a  township  of  Will  co.,  111.     Pop.  1118. 

Wilton,  or  Wilton  Junction,  a  post-village  in  AVil- 
ton  township,  Muscatine  co.,  Iowa,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock 
Island  A  Pacific  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  South- 
west Branch  of  the  same,  12  miles  N.  of  Muscatine,  and  25 
miles  W.  of  Davenport.  It  contains  4  churches,  1  or  2 
newspaper  offices,  a  oank,  and  a  Baptist  college.  The  name 
of  its  post-office  is  Wilton  Junction.  Pop.  1351 ;  of  the 
township  (additional),  1047. 

Wilton,  a  post-village  in  Wilton  township,  Franklin 
CO.,  Me.,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Farraington,  1  mile  W.  of  the 
Androscoggin  Railroad,  and  about  32  miles  N.W.  of  Augusta. 
It  has  2  churches  and  the  AVilton  Academy.  The  township 
contains  another  village,  named  East  Wilton,  and  has  manu- 
factures of  woollen  goods,  scythes,  &a.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 1906.     Wilton  Station  is  8J  miles  S.W.  of  Farmington. 

Wilton,  a  post-village  in  Wilton  township,  Waseca  co., 
Minn.,  on  the  Le  Sueur  River,  about  26  miles  S.W.  of  Fari- 
bault, and  28  miles  E.S.E.  of  Mankato.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  643. 

Wilton,  a  post-office  of  Boone  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri 
River,  18  miles  above  Jeficrson  City. 

Wilton,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  in  Wilton 
township,  Hillsborough  co.,  N.II.,  on  the  Souhegan  River 
and  the  Wilton  Branch  of  the  Boston,  Lowell  <fc  Nashua 
Railroad,  15  miles  W.N.W.  of  Nashua.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 1974. 

Wilton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Saratoga  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Wilton 
township,  about  7  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Saratoga  Springs.  It 
has  several  saw-mills.  The  township  is  intersected  by  the 
Rensselaer  &  Saratoga  Railroad.     Pop.  of  township,  1218. 

Wilton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Granville  co.,  N.C.,  about  30 
miles  N.  of  Raleigh.     Here  is  the  Wilton  Academy. 

Wilton,  a  post-office  of  Middlesex  co.,  Va. 

Wilton,  a  post-hamlet  of  Monroe  co.,  AVis.,  on  the  S. 
border  of  Wilton  township,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  North- 
western Railroad,  18  miles  E.S.E.  of  Sparta.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 1087. 

Wil'ton,  a  post-village  in  Lennox  co.,  Ontario,  on  Big 
Creek,  4  miles  N.  of  Odessa,  and  16  miles  from  Kingston. 
It  contains  several  stores  .and  mills.     Pop,  200. 

Wilton  Centre,  or  Pierce,  a  post-hamlet  of  Will  oo., 
111.,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Joliet.     It  has  3  churches. 

Wilton  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn. 

Wilton  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Hillsborough  co.,  N.II. 

Wilton  Grove,  a  hamlet  on  Trinity  Bay,  Newfound- 
land, 20  miles  from  New  Bonaventure.  An  excellent  slate- 
quarry  is  worked  here. 

Wilton  Junction,  Iowa.     See  Wilton. 

Wilton  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Cocke  co.,  Tenn. 

Wilts,  or  Wiltshire,  wilt'shir,  an  inland  county  of 
England,  in  its  S.  part,  enclosed  by  the  cos.  of  Hants,  Dor- 
set, Somerset,  Gloucester,  and  Berks.  Area,  1352  square 
miles.  Pop.  257,177.  Its  centre  is  occupied  by  the  table- 
land of  Salisbury  Plain,  in  which  rise  its  principal  rivers, 
the  Somerset  and  Hampshire  Avon,  the  Kennet,  and  some 
affiucnts  of  the  Thames,  which  partly  forms  its  N.  border. 
Principal  crops,  wheat  and  barley,  with  green  crops  and  po- 
tatoes. Sheep-raising  is  extensively  carried  on,  and  Wilt- 
Ehire  is  famous  for  its  bacon ;  its  cheese  and  butter  are  also 
in  repute.  There  are  quarries  of  freestone  on  tho  border  of 
Somerset ;  chalk  is  tho  other  principal  mineral.  The  prin- 
cipal manufactures  are  woollen  stuffs.  AV'ilts  is  intersected 
by  the  Great  AVestern  atid  Southwestern  Railways  and  the 
Kennet  &  Avon  and  AVilts  &  Berks  Canals.  After  Salisbury, 


its  capital,  the  chief  towns  are  AVilton,  Devizes,  AVanninat«r 
Trowbridge,  Chipjjcnham,  Malmsbury,  Marlborough,  Swin- 
don, and  Cricklivdo.  AVith  its  boroughs,  it  sends  cigliieen 
members  to  the  House  of  Commons.  Resides  Stonobcrige 
and  Avebury,  it  contains  numerous  vestiges  of  antiquitv 
having  been  a  frequent  scat  of  warfare  in  the  Middle  Aso» 

Wilts,  or  Wilz,  wilts,  a  town  of  the  Nclhcrliin.ls' 
grand  duchy  of  Lu.xcmburg,  on  the  AVilts,  10  miles  K  \v' 
of  Diekirch.     Pop.  3386.  '    * 

Wim'berley,  a  station  in  Chattahoochee  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Southwestern  Railroad,  14  ifiilcs  N.E.  of  Coluuibua'. 

Wim'berly,  a  station  on  tho  Texas  AVestern  llailroiul 
30  miles  AV.  by  N.  of  Houston.  ' 

Wim'blcdon,  a  town  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  with 
a  junction  station  on  the  London  &  Southwestern  Ilailwiiy, 
8i  miles  S.AV.  of  St.  Paul's,  London.  It  is  chiffly  famouj 
for  its  extensive  common,  on  which  tho  annual  gathcriii" 
of  the  National  Rifle  Association  takes  jjlacc.     Pop.  9087.° 

Wiin'blington,  a  hamlet  of  England,  co.  of  Cam- 
bridge, on  the  Eastern  Counties  Railway,  3^  miles  S.  of 
March. 

Wimborne-Min'stcr,  a  market-town  of  England, 
CO.  of  Dorset,  between  the  Stour  and  the  Alien,  and  on  th» 
Southwestern  Railway,  7  miles  N.  of  Poole.  Pop.  2li;t. 
The  town  has  a  noble  minster  or  collegiate  church,  which 
dates  from  about  the  time  of  the  Conquest.  Hero  are  sev- 
eral endowed  schools,  almshouses,  and  charities.  AViinborne 
has  small  manufactures  of  woollen  goods  and  stockings. 

Wimme'ra,  a  river  of  A^ictoria,  Australia,  in  its  W. 
part,  flows  N.E.  and  N.  through  Lake  Ilindmarsh  into  Lake 
Albacutya.  Length,  135  miles.  It  gives  name  to  an  ex- 
tensive partially-settled  district,  S.  of  tho  river  Murray, 
having  a  pop.  of  25,000. 

Wim'merby,  a  town  of  South  Sweden,  72  miles  N.N.AV. 
of  Kalmar,  and  32  miles  S.AV.  of  AVestervik.     Pop.  1853. 

Wimmis,  ^im'uiis,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  21  miles  S.E.  of  Bern,  on  the  Simme.     Pop.  1323. 

Wimpfen,  "ft'iiup'f^n,  a  town  of  Germany,  llcsse,  prov- 
ince of  Starkenburg,  capital  of  a  detached  district  between 
Baden  and  AVUrtembcrg,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Jaxt  and 
the  Ncckar,  7  miles  N.N.AV.  of  llcilbronn.  Pop.  20S1.  It 
is  enclosed  by  walls,  and  was  formerly  a  free  city  of  the  em- 
pire.    It  has  an  extensive  salt-works  and  5  annual  fairs. 

Win'ainac,  a  ))ost-village,  capital  of  Pulaski  CO.,  Ind., 
in  Monroe  township,  on  the  Tippecanoe  River,  and  on  tho 
Columbus,  Chicago  &  Indiana  Central  Railroad,  26  miles 
N.N.AV.  of  Logansport,  and  91  miles  S.E.  of  Chicago.  It 
has  2  newspaper  offices,  4  churches,  a  bank,  a  convent,  an 
academy,  and  a  high  school.     Pop.  906. 

Win^amcg',  a  post-office  of  Fulton  oo.,  0.,  6  miles  N. 
of  Delta. 

Winandermere  Lake.    See  AVixdermere  Lake. 

Wi'nans,  a  station  on  the  Baltimore  &  Potomac  Rail- 
road, 8i  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Baltimore,  Md. 

Winant's  Kill,  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.  See  AVyxa.nt'j 
Kilt.. 

Wi'nantsville,  a  village  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  in  New- 
town township,  1  mile  from  Fresh  Pond.  It  has  a  basket- 
factory. 

Win'canton,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  of  Som- 
erset, on  tho  Cale,  23  miles  S.  of  Bath.  Pop.  2337.  It  has 
a  spacious  church,  and  manufactures  of  linens,  bed-ticking, 
and  silk,  and  is  a  mart  for  cheese,  butter,  corn,  and  cattle. 

Winch'combe,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  of 
Gloucester,  immediately  N.  of  the  Cotswold  Hills,  and  6 
miles  N.E.  of  Cheltenham.  Pop.  of  parish,  2993.  It  hn« 
a  fine  Gothic  church,  a  paper-mill,  silk-mills,  and  some 
manufactures  of  stockings  and  thread. 

Winch'ell's,  a  post-office  of  Dutchess  co.,  N.A'.,  on  the 
Dutchess  <t  Columbia  Railroad,  4i  miles  AV.  of  Millerton. 

Winchelsea,  win'ch^l-sc,  a  cinque  port  and  market- 
town  of  England,  co.  of  Sussc.t,  near  its  E.  extremity,  2 
miles  S.AV.  of  Rye.  Pop.  679.  Old  AVinchelsea,  a  place 
of  importance  in  the  Rom.an  period,  stood  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Rothcr,  2  miles  distant,  but  was  destroyed  by  an  in- 
undation of  the  sea  in  1287. 

Winchelsea,  win'eh?l-se,  or  E'limville,  a  post-vil- 
lage in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  8  miles  from  Granton.   Pop.  100. 

Winch'endon,  a  post-village  in  AVinchendon  town- 
ship, AVorcester  co.,  Mass.,  on  Miller's  River,  on  the  Bos- 
ton, Barre  <fc  Gardner  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the 
Cheshire  Railroad,  and  on  the  Monadnock  Railroad,  36 
miles  N.  by  AV.  of  AVorcester,  and  18  miles  N.W.  of  Fitch- 
burg.  It  is  the  N.  terminus  of  the  AVare  River  Railroad. 
It  has  a  high  school,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-hank,  a 
superior  hotel,  a  newspaper  oftice,  and  7  churches.^  J  lie 
township  has  manufactures   of  cotton  cloth,  machinery. 


WIJ^ 


2837 


WIN 


Iihairs,  wooden-wiire,  bit  braces,  bobbins,  spools,  Ac.  Pop. 
n  1880,  1922;  of  the  township,  3722. 
Wiii'chester  (anc.  Venta  lleli/u'mm),  a,  city  and  par- 
iaraentary  and  municipal  borough  of  England,  of  which 
it  was  long  the  capital,  now  capital  of  the  county  of  Hants, 
^s  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Itchen,  with  a  station  on  the 

frondon  &  Southwestern  Railway,  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  South- 
mpton,  and  62  miles  W.S.W.  of  London.  Pop.  16,366. 
ffhe  city  consists  chioflj'  of  a  main  street,  crossed  at  right 
jangles  by  many  others,  which  have  some  antique  edifices, 
pfearly  all  the  S.E.  quarter  is  occupied  by  the  cathedral 

and  its  precincts,  supposed  to  have  been  founded  in  the 
(second  century.  It  is  6-15  feet  in  length  externally,  208  feet 
jin  breadth  at  the  transept,  with  a  nave  351  feet,  a  choir 

136  feet  in  length,  and  a  central  tower  150  feet  in  height, 
jits  interior  is  magnificent.  It  contains  the  tomb  of  Wil- 
jliam  Rufus,  and,  in  a  series  of  carved  chests  over  the  choir, 
(the  remains  of  many  of  the  kings  of  Wessex  and  of  the 
jSaxon  kings  of  England.     Its  altar-piece  is  the  celebrated 

"Raising  of  Lazarus,"  by  West.     The  see  of  Winchester 

includes  384  parishes,  and  it  is  the  richest  in  England  after 
[that  of  Durham.     At  one  period  Winchester  is  said  to  have 

ihad  90  churches,  chapels,  and  monastic  institutions,  many 
of  which  were  swept  away  by  the  Reformation ;  at  present 
it  has  9  parish  churches.  Winchester  College,  founded  in 
1 1387,  has  fine  buildings.  Other  principal  structures  are 
i  St.  John's  House,  barracks  for  2000  men,  a  large  new  hos- 
jpital,  a  new  diocesan  training-college,  the  assize  hall,  the 
I  guild  hall,  county  jail,  county  hospital,  a  fine  Roman  Cath- 
I  olic  church,  dissenting  chapels,  a  market-house,  a  theatre, 
j  and  assembly-rooms.  The  hospital  of  St.  Cross,  1  mile  S. 
of  the  city,  but  now  included  within  the  borough,  main- 
tains a  kind  of  monastic  body  of  13  poor  men,  and  afibrds 
entertainment  to  the  poor  and  travellers.  It  has  a  very 
remarkable  ancient  church  and  other  buildings.  AVin- 
chester  has  many  almshouses  and  other  charities ;  also  a 
mechanics'  institution,  a  public  library,  and  a  savings- 
bank.     It  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Under  the  name  of  Caer-Gwent,  Winchester  was  one  of 
the  most  important  cities  of  the  ancient  Britons  ;  it  became 
an  important  Roman  station,  and,  having  been  taken  by 
Cerdio  in  519,  it  remained  the  capital  of  the  kingdom  of 
Wessex,  and  of  England  throughout  all  the  Saxon,  Danish, 
and  early  Norman  dynasties;  and  it  was  a  residence  of  the 
English  sovereigns  down  to  the  accession  of  George  I. 

Win'chester,  a  post-office  of  Drew  co.,  Ark. 

Winchester,  a  township  of  Litchfield  co..  Conn.  It 
contains  Winsted  and  West  Winsted,  and  is  the  seat  of 
Winchester  Academy.     Pop.  in  1890,  6183. 

Winchester,  a  post-hamlet  of  Macon  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Southwestern  Railroad,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Fort  Valley. 
Pop.  about  50. 

Winchester,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Scott  co.,  111., 
in  AVinchcster  township,  on  Sandy  Creek,  and  on  the  Rock- 
ford,  Rock  Island  <k  St.  Louis  Railroad,  29  miles  S.  of 
Beardstown,  and  about  16  miles  S.W.  of  Jacksonville.  It 
has  5  churches,  2  national  banks,  1  other  bank,  2  news- 
paper offices,  and  manufactures  of  carriages,  furniture, 
ploughs,  and  stone-ware.     Pop.  in  1890,  1542. 

Winchester,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Randolph  co., 
Ind.,  in  White  River  township,  on  White  River,  and  on  the 
Cincinnati,  Richmond  k  Fort  AVayne  Railroad  where  it 
crosses  the  Cleveland,  Columbus,  Cincinnati  &  Indianapolis 
Railroad,  24  miles  N.  of  Richmond,  and  21  miles  E.  of 
Muncie.  It  has  5  churches,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  national 
bank,  and  1  other  bank.     Pop.  in  1890,  3014. 

Winchester,  a  post-hamlet  in  Union  township.  Van 
Burcn  co.,  Iowa,  about  13  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Fairfield.  It 
has  2  churches. 

Winchester,  a  post-village  in  Jefferson  township,  Jef- 
ferson CO.,  Kansas,  on  the  Kansas  Central  Railroad,  25 
miles  AV.  of  Leavenworth.  It  has  4  churches,  an  academy, 
and  a  newspaper  office. 

Winchester,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Clark  co.,  Ky., 
on  the  railroad  between  Lexington  and  Mt.  Sterling,  18 
miles  E.  of  Lexington.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  court- 
bouse,  a  high  school,  2  national  banks  with  an  aggregate 
capital  of  $325,000,  a  newspaper  office,  and  2  hotels.  Pop. 
in  1890,  4519. 

Winchester,  a  station  of  the  New  Orleans  A  Texas 
Railroad,  57  miles  AV.  of  New  Orleans. 

Winchester,  or  Ford's  Store,  a  post-village  of 
Queen  Anne  co.,  Md.,  on  Chesapeake  Bay,  11  miles  S.AA''. 
of  Centreville.  It  has  2  churches.  Pop.  about  250.  Here 
is  Ford's  Store  Post-Office. 

Winchester,  a  post-village  in  AVinchester  township, 
Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on   the  Boston,  Lowell  <fc   Nashua. 


Railroad,  at  its  janction  with  the  AVoburn  Branch,  8  milM 
N.N.AV.  of  Boston.  It  has  several  fine  residences,  4  churches, 
a  savings-bank,  a  high  school,  and  manufactures  of  leather. 
Many  merchants  of  Boston  reside  here.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship in  1890,  4861. 

Winchester,  a  post-village  of  AVayne  co.,  Miss.,  on 
the  Mobile  <fe  Ohio  Railroad,  1  mile  E.  of  the  Chickasawha 
River,  and  77  miles  N.  by  AV.of  Mobile.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  lumber-mill,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Winchester,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clarke  co..  Mo.,  5  miles 
S.  of  Wayland,  and  about  14  miles  S.W.  of  Keokuk,  Iowa. 
It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  147. 

Winchester,  a  post-village  in  Winchester  township, 
Cheshire  co.,  N.lI.,on  the  Ashuelot  River  ond  the  Ashuclot 
Railroad,  13  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Keenc.  It  has  3  churches,  a 
national  bank,  a  high  school,  and  a  tannery.  The  township 
contains  a  village  named  Ashuelot,  with  a  woollen-factory. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  2584. 

Winchester,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  N.C. 

Winchester  (Scott  Post-Office),  a  village  in  Winchester 
township,  Adams  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cincinnati  A  Eastern  Rail- 
road, 56  miles  E.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  4  churches,  and 
manufactures  of  carriages,  furniture,  Ac.  Pop.  550;  of 
the  township,  1475. 

Winchester,  Columbiana  oo.,  0.    See  IIoMEWORrn. 

Winchester,  a  village  in  Mtidison  township,  Franklin 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Ohio  A  Erie  Canal,  and  on  the  Columbus  A 
Hocking  A^alley  Railroad,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Columbus.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  union  school,  a  newspaper  office,  2  tan- 
neries, 2  flouring-mills,  a  woollen-factory,  and  a  sash-  and 
door-factory.  Pop.  633.  Here  is  Canal  AVinchester  Post- 
Offlce. 

Winchester,  a  post-village  in  Madison  township, 
Guernsey  co.,  0.,  36  miles  E.N.E.  of  Zanesville.  It  has  a 
church.     Pop.  179. 

Winchester,  a  hamlet  in  Bloomfield  township,  Jacksou 
CO.,  0.,  about  38  miles  S.E.  of  Chillicothe.  Pop.  89.  Hero 
is  Rocky  Hill  Post-Office. 

Winchester,  a  village  in  Gratis  township,  Preble  co., 
0.,  near  Twin  Creek,  6  miles  E.N.E.  of  Camden,  and  about 
22  miles  S.AV.  of  Dayton.  It  has  3  churches.  Pop.  430. 
Here  is  Gratis  Post-Office. 

Winchester,  a  village  of  Douglas  co.,  Oregon,  on  the 
North  Fork  of  the  Umpqua,  5  or  6  miles  N.  of  Roseburg. 

Winchester,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Franklin  co., 
Tenn.,  on  a  fork  of  Elk  River,  and  on  the  AVinchester  A 
Alabama  Railroad,  70  miles  AV.  by  N.  of  Chattanooga,  85 
miles  from  Nashville,  and  2  miles  S.AV.  of  Dechcrd  Station 
of  the  Nashville  A  Chattanooga  Railroad.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  5  churches,  the  Mary  Sharp  College,  the  Car- 
rick  (male)  Academy,  a  normal  school,  a  newspaper  office, 
2  tanneries,  a  carriage-shop,  and  a  manufactory  of  boots 
and  shoes.    It  is  surrounded  by  beautiful  scenery.    P.  1039. 

Winchester,  a  post-village  of  F.ayette  co.,  Tex.,  15 
miles  S.W.  of  Giddings,  and  about  70  miles  E.S.E.  of  Aus- 
tin.    It  contains  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Winchester,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Frederick  co., 
Va.,  150  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Richmond.  It  is  on  the  Har- 
per's Ferry  A  A'alley  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Rail- 
road, and  on  the  AVashington  A  Ohio  Railroad,  94  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Staunton,  and  113  miles  AV.  by  S.  of  Baltimore. 
It  is  pleasantly  situated  in  a  beautiful  and  fertile  country, 
which  is  part  of  the  great  valley  of  A'irginia.  The  houses 
are  built  in  a  compact  and  substantial  manner,  mostly  of 
brick  and  stone,  and  are  supplied  with  good  water,  which 
is  conveyed  from  a  spring  in  iron  pipes.  AVinchester  con- 
tains 14  churches,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  2  news- 
paper offices,  a  female  seminary  called  Fairfax  Hall,  the 
Valley  Female  College,  the  Shenandoah  A'alley  Academy, 
a  large  hotel,  2  glove-factories,  a  paper-mill,  several  flour- 
ing-mills, a  broom-factory,  a  shoe-factory,  several  foundries, 
and  cigar-factories.  Pop.  4958.  During  the  civil  war 
AA'^inchoster  was  many  times  taken  and  retaken  by  (ho 
armies,  and  several  battles  were  fought  near  it. 

Winchester,  a  post-hamlet  in  Winchester  township, 
Winnebago  co.,  AVis.,  about  12  miles  AV.  of  Menasha.  It 
has  a  hotel  and  a  store.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the 
S.AV.  by  Poygan  Lake.  It  has  3  Lutheran  churches,  2  of 
which  are  Norwegian.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1131. 

Win'chester,  or  Chcs'tervillc,  a  post-village  in 
Dundas  co.,  Ontario,  on  the  river  Nation,  19  miles  N.  of 
Morrisburg.  It  contains  a  tannery,  a  carding-mill,  a  grist- 
and  saw-mill,  and  about  12  stores.     Pop.  400. 

Winchester  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  in  AVinchester 
township,  Litchfield  co..  Conn.,  4  miles  S.AV.  of  AVinsted. 

Winchester  Springs,  a  post-village  in  Dundas  co., 
Ontario,   12  miles  from  Morrisburg.     It  contains  a  hotel 


WIN 


2838 


WIN 


and  oxcellont  niinorni  springs,  nnd  is  a  favorito  summer 
resort  of  houlth-occliors.     Pop.  100 

Wiiidnil,  11  town  of  Utiasia.    See  Vindac. 

Windcckcn,  *in'd6it'k?n,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
ncaco-Ciisscl,  province  nnd  7  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ilanau,  on 
the  loft  bnnl{  of  the  Niddor.     Pop.  1444. 

Wiii^degoos'tan,  a  chain  of  lakes  in  Canada,  W.  of 
Lake  Superior,  connected  by  a  small  stream,  and  having  an 
aggregate  length  of  12  miles. 

VVin'dcr,  a  post-village  of  Moore  co.,  N.C.,  on  the 
Raleigh  A  Augusta  Air-Line  Railroad,  5  miles  from  Cam- 
eron.  It  has  manufactures  of  rosin,  turpentine,  and  lumber. 

Win'dermerc,  a  parish  and  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Westmoreland,  7  miles  W.N.W.  of  Kendal.  Pop.  of  parish, 
4787;  of  town,  909. 

Wiii'dermere,  a  hamlet  of  Tolland  co..  Conn.,  15  miles 
N.E.  of  Hartford,  on  the  Rockville  Branch  of  the  Central 
Railroad,  nnd  2  miles  N.W.  of  Rockville.  It  has  a  wooUen- 
fnctory  nnd  a  soap-factory. 

Wiu'dcrinere,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co.,  Ontario, 
26  miles  from  I3nicebridjfe.     Pop.  100. 

Win'dermcre  (or  Win'andermere)  Lake,  one  of 
the  finest  of  the  English  lakes,  partly  between  the  cos.  of 
Westmoreland  and  Ijancaster,  is  14  miles  in  length  by  1 
mile  in  width,  and  discharges  its  surplus  waters  southward 
by  the  Leven  into  Morccainbe  Bay.  In  its  centre  is  a  group 
of  islands,  the  largest  of  which  comprises  28  acres.  Bowncss 
is  on  its  E.  side,  and  Ambleside  near  its  N.  extremity. 

Wind'fall,  a  post-village  of  Tipton  co.,  Ind.,  in  Wild- 
cat township,  on  the  Columljus,  Chicago  ifc  Indiana  Central 
Railroad,  23  miles  N.N.W.  of  Anderson.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  graded  school,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  10  stores. 
Pop.  about  600. 

Windfall,  a  station  in  HcKean  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Ken- 
dall A  Eldred  Railroad. 

Wind  Gap,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northampton  co..  Pa., 
near  the  Kittatinny  Mountain,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Bath,  and 
about  13  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Easton. 

>Vindham,  wind'am  or  wind'hara,  the  most  north- 
eastern county  of  Connecticut,  borders  on  Massachusetts. 
Area,  about  550  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Quinebaug  River,  which  runs  southward,  and  also  drained 
by  the  Shetuckot,  Nachaug,  and  Moosup  Rivers,  which 
afford  water-power.  The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly,  and  a 
large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  hickory,  ehn, 
oak,  beech,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Hay, 
butter,  cheese,  cattle,  oats,  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  has  extensive  manufactures  of 
cotton  and  other  articles.  The  value  of  the  cotton  goods 
manufactured  in  it  in  1870  was  $5,608,668.  It  is  intersected 
by  the  New  London  Northern  Railroad  and  the  New  York 
ifc  New  England  Railroad.  Capital,  Brooklyn.  Valuation 
of  real  and  personal  estate,  $39,032,364.  Pop.  in  1870, 
38,518,  of  whom  29,947  were  Americans;  in  1880,  43,856. 

Windham,  the  most  southeastern  county  of  Vermont, 
borders  on  Massachusetts  and  New  Hampshire.  Area, 
about  750  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the 
Connecticut  River,  is  intersected  by  the  West  River,  and 
also  drained  by  the  Deerfield  River  and  other  streams.  The 
surface  is  diversified  by  high  hills  and  fertile  valleys,  and 
extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  beech,  elm,  hickorj', 
oak,  sugar-maple,  &c.  The  soil  is  adapted  to  pasturage. 
Hay,  butter,  wool,  maple  sugar,  potatoes,  Indian  corn,  and 
oats  are  the  staple  products.  Gneiss  underlies  a  large  part 
of  this  county,  which  has  also  some  limestone,  and  quar- 
ries of  slate  and  fine  granite.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Ver- 
mont Central  Railroad,  and  is  connected  with  the  southern 
markets  by  the  Connecticut  River  Railroad.  Capital,  Fay- 
ctteville.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $22,016,328. 
Pop.  in  1870,  26,036 ;  in  1880,  26,763. 

Windham,  a  post-oflBce  and  mining-camp  of  Ouray  co.. 
Col.,  3  miles  N.  of  Ouray.  It  has  a  mill  for  silver,  which  is 
mined  here. 

Windham,  a  post- village  of  Windham  co.,  Conn.,  in  a^ 
township  of  the  same  name,  3  miles  E.S.E.  of  Willimantic, 
and  about  14  miles  N.  of  Norwich,  It  has  2  churches  and 
a  national  bank.  The  township  is  drained  by  the  Shetucket 
River,  and  contains  the  village  of  Willimantic,  which  is  at 
the  junction  of  several  railroads.     Pop.  of  township,  8264. 

Windham,  a  post-hamlet  in  Hardin  township,  John- 
eon  CO.,  Iowa,  on  Iowa  Creek,  13  miles  W.S.W,  of  Iowa 
City.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Windham,  a  township  of  Cumberland  co.,  Me.,  about 
10  miles  N.W.  of  Portland,  is  contiguous  to  Sebago  Lake, 
nnd  is  drained  by  the  Presumpsoot  River.  It  contains  vil- 
lages named  Windham  Centre,  South  Windham,  and  AVind- 
bam  Hill,  and  has  6  churches,  and  manufactures  of  woollen 


goods,  lumber,  flour,  boots  and  shoes,  rakes,  carriacM  nn> 
der,  Ac.     Pop.  2428.  *•    '  ^ 

Windham,  a  post-village  in  Windham  township,  Hwk 
ingham  co.,  N.U.,  2i  miles  S.  of  Windham  Depot,  nnd  about 
9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Nashua.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of  dig 
township,  753.    See  Wi.ndiiam  Depot,  and  Wkst  Windium 

Windham,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Wiml- 
ham  township,  near  the  Catskill  Mountains,  27  niiIc«\V.ljy 
N.  of  Catskill.  It  has  3  churches.  Pop.  about  350  •  of  il,. 
township,  1492.  ' 

Windham,  a  post-village  in  Windham  townihtp,  Tor. 
tage  CO.,  0.,  near  the  Atlantic  A  Groat  Western  Uuilruiul 
the  Cleveland  Branch  of  which  intersects  this  tuH-nsliip! 
Pop.  of  the  township,  865.  Windham  Station  is  12  uiilti 
E.N.E.  of  Ravenna,  and  11  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Wnrrcn. 

Windham,  a  post-township  of  Bradford  co.,  Piu  Pop 
1 188.  Windham  Post-Office  is  about  13  miles  S.  by  W.  uf 
Owego,  N.Y. 

Windham,  a  township  of  Wyoming  co.,  Pa.    Pop,  660. 

Windham,  a  post-hamlet  of  Windham  co.,  Vt.,  in  a 
township  of  the  same  name,  about  34  miles  N.E.  of  Lcu- 
nington.     Pop,  of  the  townsliip,  544. 

Windham  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Windham  town- 
ship, Cumberland  co..  Me.,  13  miles  N.W.  of  Portland.  It 
has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  clothing.  The  works  of 
the  Oriental  Powder  Company  are  located  near  here. 

Windham  Centre,  a  post-hamlct  in  Winilham  town- 
ship, Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  about  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Towanda. 
It  has  a  church. 

Windham  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Norfolk  co.,  On- 
tario, on  the  Canada  Southern  Railway,  10  miles  X.W.  of 
Siiucoe.     I*  contains  2  stores  tnd  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  100. 

Windham  Depot,  a  post-village  in  Windham  town- 
ship, Rockingham  co.,  N.H.,  on  the  Manchester  A  Lnwrcnce 
Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Nashua  A  Rochester  Kiiil- 
road,  12  miles  N.N.W.  of  Lawrence,  Mass.,  and  10^  uiilcs 
E,N.E.  of  Nashua. 

Windham's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pickens  co.,  Ala.,  about 
50  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Tuscaloosa.     It  has  a  church. 

Windham  Summit,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co., 
Pa.,  30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Elmira,  N.Y.     It  has  a  church. 

Windhill',  a  town  of  England,  in  Yorkshire,  3  wiles 
N.  of  Bradford.     Pop.  5783. 

Windisch,  ^in'dish  (anc.  Vindonh'ga),  a  village  of 
Switzerland,  canton  of  Aargau,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Aaniii, 
near  Brugg,  on  the  Reuss.  Pop.  1572.  The  ancient  city 
was  one  of  the  most  important  settlements  of  the  Ruinanj 
in  Helvetia,  and  a  few  traces  of  it  still  remain. 

Windischgarsten,  ^v-inMish-gaus't^n,  a  town  of  Up- 
per Austria,  22  miles  S.S.W.  of  Steyer.     Pop.  1053. 

Wind'mill  Point,  a  cape  in  Lancaster  co.,  Va.,  at  tho 
S.  side  of  the  entrance  of  the  Rappahannock  River  into 
Chesapeake  Bay.  Another  Windmill  Point  is  in  Prince 
George  co.,  on  the  James  River,  10  miles  below  City  Point. 

Win'dom,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cottonwood  co., 
Minn.,  on  Des  Moines  River,  and  on  the  Sioux  City  A  St. 
Paul  Railroad,  38  miles  W.S.W.  of  Madclia,  and  30  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Worthington.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  money -order  post-ofiBce,  2  hotels,  and  a  grain-el»- 
vator.     Pop.  in  1890,  835. 

Windom,  a  township  of  Mower  co.,  Minn.    Pop.  605. 

Win'dow  Clitfs,  a  post-oflBce  of  Putnam  co.,  'lenn. 

Wind  Ridge,  Greene  co..  Pa.    See  Jacksonville. 

Wind  River,  Wyoming,  rises  in  the  Wind  River 
Mountains,  about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Fremont's  Peak.  It 
runs  southeastward  into  Sweetwater  co.,  then  turns  to  the 
left,  and  flows  northward  to  the  Big  Horn  Mountains.  Tlie 
lower  part  of  this  stream  is  called  Big  IIou.v  River. 

Wind  River  Mountains,  Wyoming,  a  range  of  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  running  N.W.  and  S.E.,  composed  to  a 
large  extent  of  red  and  gray  feldspathic  granite,  with  the 
fossiliferous  rocks  inclining  high  upon  its  sides.  It  forms 
the  dividing  crest  of  the  continent,  the  streams  on  the 
one  side  flowing  into  the  Atlantic  and  those  on  the  otluT 
into  the  Pacific.  The  Green  River  ri.«es  on  the  S.U'. 
slope  of  this  range,  and  the  AVind  River  on  the  other  sule. 
It  culminates  in  Fremont's  Peak,  which  has  an  altitude  of 
13,576  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  The  sides  of  these 
mountains  are  covered  with  forests  of  fir  and  pine. 

Windsbach,  ^inds'baic,  a  walled  town  of  Bavaria,  on 
the  Rezat,  19  miles  S.W.  of  Nuremberg.     Pop.  1483. 

Windsheim,  <^ints'hime,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  16  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Anspach.  Pop.  3058.  It  h.as  manufactures  of 
woollen  cloth,  needles,  and  gold  and  silver  articles. 

Windsor,  or  New  Windsor,  win'z?r,  a  parliament- 
ary and  municipal  borough,  town,  and  parish  of  England, co, 
of  Berks,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Thames,  with  terminal 


WIN 


2839 


WIN 


gtalions  on  branch  lines  of  the  Great  Western  and  South- 
western Railwayg,  and  23  miles  S.W.  of  London.  Pop. 
of  parliamentary  borough,  17,281.  The  town  consists 
chiefly  of  a  main  thoroughfare,  winding  close  around  the  W. 
and  S.  sides  of  Windsor  Castle,  two  other  principal  streets, 
and  several  smaller  streets.  Princijyal  edifices,  the  town 
hall,  standing  out  conspicuously  in  the  High  street,  infantry 
barracks,  a  spacious  church,  with  some  fine  carved  work 
and  monuments,  various  chapels,  a  theatre,  and  buildings 
of  schools  and  charities.  George  III.  established  a  hospital 
here  for  invalid  soldiers ;  and  here  are  a  lying-in  charity,  a 
royal  general  dispensary,  almshouses,  and  minor  charities. 
It  has  well-supplied  markets  and  some  trade  in  corn,  and  is 
famous  for  its  ale;  but  the  resources  of  the  inhabitants  are 
almost  solely  derived  from  the  presence  of  the  court  and 
the  influx  of  visitors.  Old  AVindsou  is  a  parish  li  miles 
E.S.E.  of  New  Windsor.  During  the  Saxon  dynasty  a 
palace  existed  here;  but  the  royal  residence  was  removed  to 
the  present  locality  by  AVilliam  the  Conqueror. 

Windsor,  win'z^r,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Vermont, 
borders  on  New  Hampshire.  Area,  about  900  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Connecticut  River,  is  inter- 
sected by  the  White  River,  and  is  also  drained  by  the  Black 
and  Quechee  Rivers.  Some  of  these  afford  abundant  water- 
power.  The  surface  is  hilly  or  mountainous,  and  presents 
beautiful  scenery.  In  the  S.E.  part  of  the  county  As- 
cutney  Mountain  rises  about  3300.  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  sea.  Here  are  forests  of  the  beech,  elm,  hickory, 
white  oak,  pine,  sugar-maple,  <fec.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and 
adapted  to  pasturage.  Hay,  wool,  butter,  cattle,  horses, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple  products, 
the  growth  of  wool  exceeding  that  of  any  other  county  in 
the  state.  Among  its  mineral  resources  are  granite,  fine 
marble,  serpentine,  iron  ore,  limestone,  and  beautiful  sye- 
nite. It  is  intersected  by  two  branches  of  the  Vermont 
Central  Railroad,  namely,  the  Rutland  division  and  the 
Southern  division.  Capital,  Woodstock.  Valuation  of  real 
and  personal  estate,  $33,073,716.  Pop.  in  1870,  36,063,  of 
whom  33,963  were  Americans;  in  1880,  35,196, 

Windsor,  a  post-village  of  Sonoma  oo.,  Cal.,  in  the 
valley  of  Russian  River,  on  the  San  Francisco  &  North 
Pacific  Railroad,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Santa  Rosa.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  manufactory  of  wine.     Pop.  about  400. 

Windsor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Routt  co..  Col. 

Windsor,  a  post-village  in  Windsor  township,  Hart- 
ford CO.,  Conn.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Connecticut  River, 
at  the  mouth  of  the  Farmington  River,  and  on  the  New 
Haven,  Hartford  <fc  Springfield  Railroad,  6i  miles  N.  of 
Hartford.  It  contains  several  churches  and  a  young  ladies' 
institute.  The  township  contains  villages  named  Rainbow 
and  Poquonnock,  and  has  manufactures  of  paper,  woollen 
goods,  cigars,  and  bricks,  and  a  pop.  (1880)  of  3058. 

Windsor,  a  post-oflice  of  Walton  co.,  Ga.,  about  35  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Atlanta. 

Windsor,  Mercer  co.,  111.    See  New  Windsor. 

Windsor,  a  post-village  in  Windsor  township,  Shelby 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  &  Paducah  Railroad  where  it  crosses 
the  Indianapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  12  miles  W.  by  S. 
of  Mattoon,  12  miles  S.  of  Sullivan,  and  36  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Decatur.  It  has  a  banking-house,  3  churches,  a  high  school, 
and  2  flour-mills.     Pop.  518;  of  the  township,  1593. 

Windsor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Randolph  co.,  Ind.,  on 
White  River,  about  11  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Muncie. 

Windsor,  a  post-township  of  Fayette  co.,  Iowa,  3  miles 
W.  of  West  Union,  and  25  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Decorah.  P.  883. 

Windsor,  a  township  of  Cowley  co.,  Kansas.     P.  678. 

Windsor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Ottawa  co.,  Kansas,  on  the 
Saline  River,  14  miles  N.W.  of  Salina.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

W'indsor,  a  post-hamlet  in  Windsor  township,  Kenne- 
bec CO.,  Me.,  10  miles  E.  of  Augusta.  It  has  several  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1266. 

Windsor,  a  station  on  the  Western  Maryland  Railroad, 
24  miles  N.W.  of  the  Union  Depot,  Baltimore,  Md. 

Windsor,  or  Windsor  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wind- 
sor township,  Berkshire  co.,  Mass.,  on  an  elevated  site, 
about  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Pittsfleld.  It  has  a  church. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  624. 

Windsor,  a  township  of  Eaton  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  1433. 

Windsor,  a  post-village  in  Windsor  township,  Henry 
CO.,  Mo.,  on  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  R.ailroad,  21 
miles  S.W.  of  Sedalia.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  5  churches, 
a  flouring-mill,  and  2  carriage-factories.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Windsor,  a  township  of  Hillsborough  co.,  N.H.,  30  miles 
S.W.  of  Concord.     Pop.  81. 

Windsor,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mereer  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Camden  &  Amboy  Railroad,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Hightstown. 
ll  has  a  church,  a  shirt-factory,  and  a  grist-mill. 


Windsor,  a  post-village  in  Windsor  township,  Broome 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  on  the  Nineveh 
Branch  of  the  Albany  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  130  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Albany,  and  about  15  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Bing- 
hamton.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  bank,  and  an  academy 
or  union  school,  and  has  manufactures  of  flour,  lumber,  and 
whips.     Pop.  325;  of  the  township,  3224, 

Windsor,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Bertie  co.,  N.C.,  in 
Windsor  township,  on  the  Cashie  River,  about  115  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Raleigh,  and  20  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Plymouth. 
It  contains  3  churches,  a  high  school  for  boys,  and  a  news- 
paper office.     Pop.  427;  of  the  township,  3732. 

Windsor,  a  post-village  in  Windsor  township,  Ashta- 
bula CO.,  0.,  near  Grand  River,  about  44  miles  E.  of  Cleve- 
land. The  township  has  4  churches  and  a  cheese-factory. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  871. 

Windsor,  a  township  of  Lawrence  co.,  0.     Pop.  1943. 
Windsor,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  0.     Pop.  2251. 
It  contains  Stockport. 

Windsor,  a  station  in  Richland  co.,  0.,  on  the  Atlantic 
&  Great  Wcslorn  Railroad,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Mansfield. 
Windsor,  a  township  of  Berks  co..  Pa,     Pop.  1211, 
Windsor,  a  hamlet  of  Chester  co,.  Pa.,  i  mile  from 
Byers  Station.     It  has  a  church, 

Windsor,  a  post-village  of  York  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Poach 
Bottom  Railroad,  13  miles  S.E.  of  York,  It  has  a  church, 
a  grist-mill,  and  2  cigar-factories.  Pop,  of  town.ship,  2024. 
Windsor,  a  post-hamlet  in  AVindsor  township,  Aiken 
CO.,  S.C.,  on  the  South  Carolina  Railroad,  13  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Aiken.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1021. 
Windsor,  a  beautiful  post-village  of  AA'indsor  co.,  Vt., 
in  a  township  of  the  same  name,  on  the  Connecticut  River, 
and  on  the  Southern  division  of  the  Central  A'ermont  Rail- 
road, 14  miles  below  AVhito  River  Junction,  and  about  33 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Rutland.  It  contains  the  Vermont  state 
prison,  4  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  2 
newspaper  ofllces,  and  a  fine  building  used  for  the  post- 
ofiioe  and  United  States  court.  It  has  manufactures  of  cot- 
ton, machinery,  <fcc.  Ascutney  Mountain  is  in  the  S.  part 
of  the  township.  Pop.  in  1880, 1696;  of  the  township,  2175. 
Windsor,  Virginia.  See  AA'ixdsor  Station. 
Windsor,  a  post-hamlet  in  AVindsor  township,  Dane 
CO.,  AA'is.,  on  the  railroad  between  Madison  and  Portage,  11  J 
miles  N.  of  Madison.  It  has  a  church  and  a  cheese-fac- 
tory.    Pop.  of  the  township,  1191. 

Windsor,  a  hamlet  of  Racine  co..  Wis.,  on  the  AA'^estern 
Union  Railroad,  10  miles  AA''.  of  Racine.  Post-office,  Sylvania. 
Windsor,  win'z^r,  a  city  and  port  of  entry  of  Ontario, 
CO.  of  Essex,  on  the  Detroit  River,  opposite  Detroit,  and 
at  the  AV.  terminus  of  the  Grand  Trunk,  Canadian  Pacific, 
and  Canada  Southern  Railways,  110  miles  AV.S.AV.  of  Lon- 
don, and  225  miles  AV.S.AV.  of  Toronto,  It  contains  7 
churches,  2  branch  banks,  a  private  bank,  a  collegiate  in- 
stitute, a  convent,  printing-offices  which  issue  1  daily  and 
3  weekly  newspapers,  a  brewery,  and  manufactories  of 
tobacco,  brooms,  leather,  wooden-ware,  wine,  soap,  boots 
and  shoes,  carriages,  &o.;  also  several  large  and  commodi- 
ous hotels.  It  is  lighted  with  gas  and  electricity,  and  has 
an  electric  street-railway.     Pop.  in  1890,  10,929. 

Windsor,  a  post-hamlet  in  Carleton  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick, 23i  miles  N.E.  of  AVoodstock.     Pop,  200, 

Windsor,  a  seaport  town  of  Nova  Scotia,  capital  of 
the  CO.  of  Hants,  on  an  arm  of  Minas  Bay,  which  sets  up 
far  into  the  interior  of  the  province,  and  on  the  AVindsor 
&  Annapolis  Kailway,  45  miles  N.AV.  of  Halifax,  and  84 
miles  from  Annapolis.  It  is  the  scat  of  King's  College,  the 
principal  educational  institution  in  Nova  Scotia,  and  is  a 
place  of  commercial  importance  in  consequence  of  the  ex- 
tensive mines  of  limestone,  gypsum,  and  other  valuable 
minerals  abounding  in  its  vicinity.  The  town  contains  6 
churches,  a  branch  bank,  an  iron-foundry,  several  mills  and 
factories,  ship-yards,  a  printing-office  issuing  a  weekly  news- 
paper, and  a  number  of  stores.  The  streets  of  AVindsor  are 
lighted  with  gas.  It  is  a  port  of  entry.  Pop.  3000, 
Windsor,  Ontario.  See  AVhitby. 
Windsor,  win'z§r,  a  borough  of  New  South  AVales,  co. 
of  Cumberland,  on  llawkesbury  River,  at  the  confluence  of 
South  Creek,  34  miles  by  rail  N.AV,  of  Sydney,  Pop.  1732. 
The  llawkesbury  is  navigable  to  4  miles  above  AVindsor. 
Windsor  Itridge,  Nova  Scotia.  See  Falmouth. 
Windsor  Castle,  the  principal  residence  of  the  sover- 
eigns of  Great  Britain,  is  situated  immediately  E.  of  New 
AVindsor.  This  magnificent  structure  was  originally  built 
by  AVilliara  the  Conqueror,  and  has  been  embellished  by 
most  of  the  succeeding  sovereigns.  The  great  park  of 
AVindsor  comprises  about  3800  acres,  well  stocked  with  deer. 
AV,  of  it  is  AA'indsor  Forest,  66  miles  in  circumference. 


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Windsor  Castle,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  eo.,  Pa.,  in 
Windsor  toirnship,  about  16  miles  N.  of  Reading.  It  has 
3  churches. 

Windsor  Forks,  a  hamlet  in  Hants  eo.,  Nora  Scotia, 
4i  miles  from  Windsor.     Pop.  180. 

Windsor  Junction,  a  post-village  in  Halifax  oo., 
Nova  Scotia,  at  the  junction  of  the  Intercolonial  and  Wind- 
sor it  Annapolis  Railways,  13  miles  from  Halifax.      P.  50. 

Windsor  Locks,  a  post-village  in  Windsor  Locks 
township,  Hartford  co.,  Conn.,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Con- 
necticut River,  opposite  Warehouse  Point,  and  on  the  New 
Haven,  Hartford  A  Springfield  Railroad,  at  the  junction 
of  the  SuflSeld  Branch,  12  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Hartford.  It 
contains  4  churches,  a  savings-bank,  and  a  union  school- 
house  which  cost  $35,000.  It  has  manufactures  of  ptiper, 
silk,  steel,  cotton  warp,  stockinet  goods,  and  school  appiiratus. 
About  a  mile  above  the  village  the  railroad  crosses  the  Con- 
necticut River  on  a  noble  iron  bridge  1625  feet  lung.  Pop. 
of  the  township  in  1890,  2753. 

Windsor  .nills,  a  post-office  of  Ashtabula  co.,  0. 

Windsor  .Hills,  a  post-village  in  Richmond  co.,  Que- 
b«o,  on  the  river  St.  Francis,  and  on  the  Grund  Trunk  Rail- 
way, S6i  miles  S.E.  of  Montreal,  and  14  miles  N.  of  Sher- 
brooke.  It  has  unrivalled  water-power,  a  large  paper-mill, 
a  powder-factory,  6  saw-mills,  a  grist-mill,  2  churches,  and 
about  A  stores.     Pop.  325. 

Windsor  Station,  a  post-village  of  Isle  of  Wight 
00.,  Va.,  on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  A  Ohio  Railroad,  34 
miles  W.  of  Norfolk.     It  has  a  masonic  hall  and  3  stores. 

Windsorrille,  win'x^r-vil,  a  post-hamlet  in  East 
Windsor  township,  Hartford  co..  Conn.,  about  12  miles 
N.E.  of  Hartford.     It  has  a  church  and  a  woollen-mill. 

Wind'ward  Islands  (so  named  with  reference  to  the 
trade-winds  and  to  the  Leeward  Islands),  a  colony  of  Great 
Britain,  comprising  the  southeastern  most  or  windward  por- 
tion of  the  Lesser  Antilles,  in  the  We:<t  Indies.  The  prin- 
cipal islands  are  Barbadoes,  St.  Vincent,  Grenada,  the  Grena- 
dines, Tobago,  and  St.  Lucia,  each  of  which  (except  the 
Grenadines)  has  a  local  government,  subject  to  the  general 
authority  of  the  colony,  which  is  under  a  governor-in- 
chicf.  residing  at  Bridgetown,  in  Barbadoes.  The  islands 
are  described  each  under  its  own  name.  Pop.  285,000. 
Geographically,  the  island  of  Trinidad  is  regarded  as  one 
of  the  Windward  group ;  but  the  name  is,  in  general,  very 
vaguely  used.     See  Leeward  Islands. 

Wineburg,  Hamilton  eo.,  0.     See  Swekt  Wi!<e. 

Wine'dale,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co.,  Tex. 

Wine  Harbor,  a  seaport  in  Guysborough  co.,  Xova 
Scotia,  on  St.  Mary's  River,  3  miles  from  its  entrance  into 
the  Atlantic  Ocean,  and  13  miles  from  Sherbrooke.    P.  380. 

Wine  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Randolph  co.,  111. 

Wine  Islands,  a  group  of  small  islands  in  the  W.  part 
•f  Lake  Erie.     They  belong  mostly  to  Ottawa  co.,  0. 

Winesbor^,  winz'burg,  a  post-village  of  Holmes  co., 
0.,  in  Paint  township,  about  17  miles  S.S.W.  of  Massillon. 
Pop.  260. 

Wine  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Hardy  co.,  W.  Va. 

Win'fall,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perquimans  co.,  N.C.,  40 
miles  S.  of  Suffolk,  Va. 

Win'field,  a  post-office  of  Columbia  co.,  Ga. 

Winfield,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Win6eld  town- 
ship. Du  Page  CO.,  111.,  on  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern 
Railroad,  27}  miles  W.  of  Chicago.  The  township  contains 
the  vill.-ige  of  Turner,  which  is  at  the  junction  of  3  branches 
of  the  Chicago  A  Northwestern  Railroad.  Pop.  of  the 
townshi]^,  2211. 

Winfield,  Jefferson  co.,  111.     See  Fitzcereli.. 

Winfield,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co.,  Ind.,  in  Winfield 
township,  6  miles  E.  of  Crown  Point.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 516. 

Winfield,  a  post-village  of  Henry  eo.,  Iowa,  in  Scott 
township,  on  Crooked  Creek,  and  on  the  Burlington  Jc 
Northwestern  Railroad,  34  miles  N.W.  of  Burlington.  It 
has  3  churches  and  a  graded  school. 

Winfield,  a  township  of  Scott  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  981. 

Winfield,  a  city  of  Kansas,  the  capital  of  Cowley  co., 
on  AVbitewater  Creek,  and  on  the  Atchison,  Tnpeka  <t  Santa 
¥i,  Missouri  Pacific,  and  St.  Louis  A  San  Francisco  Rail- 
roads, 42  miles  S.S.B.  of  Wichita,  and  SI  miles  W.  of  Inde- 
pendence. It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  2  banking- 
houses,  2  daily  and  5  weekly  newspapers,  a  machine-shop, 
several  large  roller  flour-mills,  <tc  Here  is  the  Kansas 
state  institution  for  the  feeble-minded  and  a  Methodist 
college.     Pop.  in  1S90,  5184. 

Winfield,  a  township  of  Osborne  co.,  Kansas.     P.  323. 

Winfield,  a  po$t-village  of  Carroll  oo.,  Md.,  about  30 
miles  W.N.W.  (^  Baltimore. 


Winfield,  a  nost-village  in  Onondaga  township  Ibk 
ham  CO.,  Mich.,  about  18  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Jackson,  li 
has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Winfield,  a  township  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich.    p.  447 

Winfield,  a  i>ost-township  of  Herkimer  co.,  N.Y.  It 
is  traversed  by  the  Delaware,  Lackawanna  A  Wwtcrn  Roil. 
road,  and  contains  East  Winfield  and  West  Wintidd.  Pol 
of  the  township,  1540.  '       '' 

Winfield,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.,  4  mil«f 
W.  by  N.  of  Canal  Dover.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  128. 

Winfield,  a  township  of  Butler  co..  Pa.     Pop.  112L 

Winfield,  a  post-village  in  Union  township.  Union  w*.. 
Pa.,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  about 
5  miles  below  Lewisburg.  It  has  an  iron-furnace  and  sev- 
eral lime-kilns. 

Winfield,  a  post-office  of  Scott  co,  Tenn.,  about  65 
miles  N.W.  of  Knoxvillo. 

Winfield,  a  hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  W.  Va.,  4  miles  from 
Fairmont.     It  has  a  church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw-niill. 

Winfield,  a  post-village,  capit^il  of  Putnam  co.,  W.  Va. 
on  the  Great  Kanawha  River,  about  24  miles  N.W.  of 
Charleston,  and  30  miles  S.E.  of  Gallipolis,  0.  It  has  2 
churches,  an  academy,  a  newspaper  office,  a  tannery,  a  floor- 
mill,  and  a  banking-bouse.     Pop.  about  500. 

Winfield,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co..  Wis. 

Winfield,  a  township  of  Sauk  co..  Wis.     Pop.  827. 

Winfield  Junction,  a  post-village  of  Queens  eo., 
N.Y.,  in  Newtown  township,  on  the  Flashing  A  North  Side 
and  Long  Island  Railroads,  at  Winfield  Station,  4  miles  W. 
of  Flushing.  It  has  2  churches,  a  savings-bank,  and  a 
manufactory  of  metallic  burial  cases  and  caskets. 

Win'fred,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jasper  00.,  Ga.,  20  miles  S. 
of  Covington.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  steam  saw-mill. 

Win'gate,  a  chapelry  of  England,  co.  and  7}  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Durham,  on  the  Hartlepool  Branch  of  the  York 
A  Berwick  Railway. 

Wingett  (win'jet)  Rnn,  a  poet-office  of  Washington 
CO.,  0.,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Marietta. 

Wing'hani,  a  post- village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
river  Maitland,  and  on  the  Wellington.  Grey  A  Bruce  Rail- 
way (South  extension),  38  miles  W.N.W.  of  Palmerston.  Ik 
has  good  water-power,  2  flouring-mill.«,  2  saw-mills,  2  plan- 
ing-mills,  2  lath-mills,  a  woollen-factory,  a  newspaper  office, 
4  churches,  3  hotels,  and  about  20  stores.     Pop.  about  700. 

Wingo's  (wing'goz)  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Graves 
CO.,  Ky.,  on  the  Paducah  A  Memphis  Railroad,  37  miles  S. 
of  Paducah.     It  has  3  churches. 

Wing  Road,  a  station  in  Grafton  co.,  N.H.,  on  the 
White  Mountains  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Mount 
Washington  Branch,  7  miles  E.  of  Littleton. 

Wing's  Station,  a  post-village  in  Dover  township, 
Dutchess  CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  A  Harlem  Railroad, 
70  miles  N.  by  E.  of  New  York.     It  h:is  2  churches. 

Wings'ton,  a  hamlet  of  Wood  co.,  0.,  about  30  miles 
S.  by  W.  of  Toledo.     It  has  1  or  2  saw-mills. 

Wing'ville,  a  hamlet  of  Baker  co.,  Oregon,  about  9 
miles  W.  of  Baker  City.     It  has  a  church. 

Wingvilie,  a  township  of  Grant  co.,  Wis.  Pop.  1017. 
It  contJiins  the  village  of  Montfort. 

Win'hall,  a  post-township  of  Bennington  co.,  Vt.,  6 
miles  N.E.  of  Manchester.     Pop.  842. 

Win4bigo'shish  Lake,  Minnesota,  is  an  expansion 
of  the  Mississippi  River,  on  the  boundary  between  Cass  and 
Itasca  COS.  It  is  about  16  miles  long  and  8  miles  wide.  It 
is  nearly  6  miles  E.  of  Lake  Cass.  The  Mississippi  River 
issues  from  its  E.  side. 

Win'igan,  a  post-office  of  Sullivan  co.,  Mo. 

Winiki,  *e-nee'kee,  or  Winniki,  *in-nee'kcc,  a  vil- 
lage of  Austrian  Galicia,  16  miles  N.N.E.  of  lycwberg. 
Pop.  2iV>7.     It  has  an  imperial  manufactory  of  tobacco. 

Winkel,  ^in'k^l,  a  market-town  of  Prussia,  on  the 
Rhine,  10  miles  W.  of  Menti.  with  a  castle.     Pop.  1M2. 

Wink'ler,  a  post-village  of  Freestone  eo.,  Tex.,  20  miles 
E.  of  Wortham.     It  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

Winkler's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  RHey  co.,  Kan.<as, 
15  miles  S.  of  Watenrille.     It  has  a  grist-  and  a  saw-mill. 

Win'lock,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Lewis  co.,  Wash- 
ington, on  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  (Pacific  division), 
36  miles  N.  of  Kalama.    It  has  a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Winn,  a  parish  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  Loui^iin i. 
has  an  area  of  about  1000  square  miles.  It  is  inter^cvtc  i 
by  the  Dugderaona  River,  is  partly  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
Castor  Bayon,  and  is  bounde>I  on  the  W.  by  Saline  Bayou. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  a  large  part 
of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  ash.  hickory,  cypress, 
magnolia,  oak,  Ac.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian 
com,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  sUple  prodnctf.    Capital, 


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iTinfield.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $1,091,384. 
l-oi).  in  1870,  495.4 ;  in  1880,  5846. 

;  SVinn,  a  post-village  of  Penobscot  co.,  Me.,  in  Winn 
ownship,  on  the  Penobscot  River,  and  on  the  European  & 
Iforth  American  Kailroad,  56  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Bangor, 
it  has  2  churches,  a  tannery,  and  2  or  3  lumber-mills.  Pop. 
0  1880,  434;  of  the  towHship,  898. 

Winn,  a  post-office  of  Isabella  co.,  Mich.,  10  miles  S.W. 
if  Mount  Pleasant. 

;  >Viu'neba'go,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Illinois, 
(ordering  on  AVisoonsin,  has  an  area  of  about  520  square 
[liles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Rock  River,  and  is  also 
irained  by  the  Pecatonica  and  Kishwaukee  Rivers,  both 
|f  which  enter  Rock  River  in  this  county.  The  surface  is 
j.ndulating.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  A  large  portion  of  it 
k  prairie.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  butter, 
|nd  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Good  Lower  Silurian 
Jiuestone  underlies  a  large  part  of  the  soil,  and  crops  out 
!t  Rock  River.  This  is  sometimes  called  Galena  limestone, 
'.his  county  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern 
rlailroad  and  the  Western  Union  Railroad.  Capital,  Rock- 
lord.  A'aluation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $23,175,720. 
fon.  in  1870,  29,301  ;  in  1880,  30,505. 
;  Winnebago,  a  northern  county  of  Iowa,  bordering  on 
Irlinncsuta,  has  an  area  of  432  square  miles.  The  Iowa 
River  rises  in  or  near  the  S.  part  of  this  county,  which  is 
iartly  drained  by  Lime  Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating, 
Ind  is  divorsilied  with  prairies  and  groves.  The  soil  is 
brtile.  Wheat,  oats,  Indian  corn,  hay,  &o.,  are  the  staple 
Products.  Capital,  Forest  City.  Valuation  of  real  and 
personal  estate,  $1,061,348.  Pop.  in  1870,  1562,  of  whom 
596  were  Americans;  in  1880,  4917. 

■  Winnebago,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  AVis- 
jonsin,  has  an  area  of  about  450  square  miles.  It  is 
>ounded  on  tlie  E.  by  AVinnebago  Lake,  is  intersected  by 
!he  Fox  or  Neenah  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  AA''olf 
River.  These  waters  are  navigable  by  steamboats,  which 
Ian  pass  from  this  county  to  Green  Bay  on  the  one  hand 
Ud  to  the  Mississippi  River  on  the  other.  The  surface  is 
^ndulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  extensively  covered  with 
Wests  of  pine,  oak,  sugar-maple,  ifee.  The  soil  is  calcareous, 
nd  very  fertile.  AA'hcat,  hay,  oats,  butter,  cattle,  and  wool 
re  the  staple  products  of  the  farms.  Lumber  is  the  chief 
rticle  of  export.  Silurian  limestone  underlies  part  of 
he  soil.  This  county  is  intersected  by  3  railroads, — the 
:!hicago  &  Northwestern,  the  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul,  and  the 
iVisconsin  Central.  Capital,  Oshkosh.  Valuation  of  real 
ind  personal  estate,  $25,625,512.  Pop.  in  1870,  37,279,  of 
vhom  25,209  were  Americans;  in  1880,  42,740. 

Winnebago,  a  post-village  of  AVinnebago  co.,  111.,  in 
I  township  of  the  same  name,  and  on  the  Freeport  Line  of 
ho  Chicago  &  Northwestern  R.ailroad,  7  miles  W.  of  Rock- 
brd,  and  21  miles  E.  of  Freeport.  It  has  a  money-order 
lost-offieo,  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  creamery,  a  steam 
;rist-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  carriages.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
hip,  1427. 

Winnebago,  or  Winnebago  City,  a  post-village 
)f  Faribault  co.,  Minn.,  in  AVinnebago  City  township,  on 
j,bo  Blue  Earth  River,  and  on  the  Southern  Minnesota  Rail- 
poad,  23  miles  AV.  of  AVells,  and  about  32  miles  S.  by  AV.  of 
jMankato.  It  has  3  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  2  banks, 
a  graded  school,  a  cheese-factory,  and  2  flouring-mills.  Pop. 
in  1890,  1108. 

Winnebago,  a  post-office  and  agency  of  Dakota  co., 
jNeb.,  22  miles  from  Sioux  City,  Iowa.  It  is  on  a  reserva- 
Ition  occupied  by  about  1500  Indians.  It  has  several  schools. 
'    Winnebago,  a  post-office  of  AVinnebago  co.,  AA'is. 

W'innebago  Agency,  a  post- village  of  Blue  Earth 
20.,  Minn.,  about  10  miles  S.E.  of  Mankato.  Pop.  195. 
Winnebago  City,  Minnesota.  See  AA'ix.vkbago. 
Winnebago  Lake,  AVisconsin,  forms  the  eastern 
boundary  of  Winnebago  co.,  which  it  separates  from  Calumet 
jco.  The  southern  part  of  it  is  comprised  in  the  co.  of  Fond 
jda  Lac.  It  is  about  30  miles  long,  measured  on  a  line 
drawn  N.  and  S.  The  greatest  width  is  about  11  miles,  and 
the  area  is  estimated  at  220  square  miles.  A  number  of 
jBteamboats  ply  on  this  lake,  which  is  an  important  channel 
jof  commerce  in  connection  with  Fox  River,  which  enters  at 
[the  AV.  side  and  issues  from  the  northern  end  of  the  lake. 
[The  chief  towns  on  this  lake  are  Fond  du  Lac,  Oshkosh,  and 
|Menasha. 

;    Winnebago  Marsh,  AVisconsin.    See  Ilonicox  Lake. 
Winnebago  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Houston  co., 
Minn.,  about  40  miles  S.  by  E.  of  AVinona. 

Winnebah,  win'ne-ba,  a  town  of  Africa,  Gold  Coast. 
Lat.  5°  12'  N. ;  Ion.  0°  36'  AV.     The   English   fort   was 
abandoned  in  1812,  but  the  town  has  been  rebuilt. 
17t) 


Winnebo'sho,  a  station  in  Ashland  co.,  AA'i.v,  on  the 

Wisconsin  Central  Railroad,  21  miles  S.E.  of  Ashland. 

Win'neburg,  a  post-office  of  Calhoun  co..  111. 

Winhiecon'ne,  or  Win^necon'na,  a  post-village 
in  AVineconne  township,  AVinnebago  co.,  AVis.,  on  the  Fox 
River,  at  the  mouth  of  AVolf  River,  and  on  a  branch  of  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  14  miles  N.AV.  ol 
Oshkosh,  and  5  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Omro.  It  has  5  churches, 
a  high  school,  a  banking-hou.<!e,  a  newspaper  ofliec,  a  flour- 
ing-mill,  2  saw-mills,  a  planing-mill,  and  3  shinglc-milU. 
Pop.  1159.  1  o         »  6 

Winncgance,  win-ne-ganss',  a  post-haralct  of  Saga- 
dahoo  CO.,  Me.,  on  the  Kennebec  River,  3  miles  S.  of  Bath. 
II  has  a  church  and  1  or  2  saw-mills. 

Win^nemuc'ca,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Humboldt 
CO.,  Nevada,  is  near  the  Humboldt  River,  and  on  the  Cen- 
tral Pacific  Railroad,  144  miles  AV.  of  Elko,  and  170  miles 
N.E.  of  Reno.  It  has  a  church,  a  bank,  several  quartz- 
mills,  and  a  daily  newspaper  office.  Largo  workshops  of 
the  railroad  company  are  located  here.  Silver-mines  have 
been  opened  3  miles  from  this  place,  which  is  an  important 
shipping-point  for  cattle,  Ac.    Pop.  in  1890,  1037. 

Winnemucca  Lake,  Nevada,  is  in  Roop  co.,  about 
6  miles  E.  of  Pyramid  Lake.  It  is  about  28  miles  long  by 
4  miles  wide,  and  has  no  outlet. 

Winnenden,  ^-in'n^n-d^n,  a  town  of  Germany,  in 
AViirtembcrg,  circle  of  Neckar,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Stuttgart. 
It  has  tanneries,  woollen-mills,  dye-works,  &e.     Pop.  3572. 

Win^uepesau'kee,  or  Winipiscogee,  win"n?-pe- 
saw'kee,  a  beautiful  lake  of  New  Hampshire,  about  25  milei 
N.E.  of  Concord,  It  is  intersected  by  the  boundary  between 
the  cos.  of  Belknap  and  Carroll.  It  is  about  22  miles  long, 
has  a  very  irregular  outline,  and  encloses  numerous  islands. 
The  water  is  pure  and  deep,  and  is  navigated  by  steam- 
boats. The  surface  is  said  to  be  472  feet  higher  than  the 
level  of  the  sea.  It  is  surrounded  by  very  picturesque 
mountain-scenery. 

Winnepcsaukee  River,  New  Hampshire,  is  the  out- 
let of  the  lake  of  the  same  name,  and  is  connecte<l  with 
Great  Bay.  It  runs  nearly  southwestward  through  Belknap 
CO.,  and  enters  the  Merrimao  River  at  Franklin. 

Winneshiek,  win'ne-sheek,  a  northeastern  county  of 
Iowa,  bordering  on  Minnesota,  has  an  area  of  720  square 
miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Upper  Iowa  and  Turkey 
Rivers,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Big  Canoe  Creek.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  picturesque 
scenery.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  A  largo  part  of  it  is 
prairie,  and  it  has  plenty  of  timber.  Among  the  forest  trees 
are  the  hickory,  ash,  oak,  black  walnut,  and  sugar-maple. 
AVheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  cattle,  and  butter  arc  the 
staple  products.  In  1870  this  county  produced  1,479,331 
bushels  of  wheat,  and  more  than  any  other  county  of  the  state. 
Good  Trenton  limestone  (Lower  Silurian)  underlies  a  large 
part  of  the  surface,  and  forms  on  the  Upper  Iowa  River  high 
bluffs  and  cliffs  which  present  the  appearance  of  ruined 
castles.  This  county  is  intersected  by  two  branches  of  the 
Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  namely,  the  Iowa  &  Da- 
kota division  and  the  Iowa  <fe  Minnesota  division.  Capital, 
Docorah.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $9,600,000. 
Pop.  in  1870,  23,570;  in  18S0,  23,938. 

Winneshiek,  a  post-office  of  McPherson  co.,  Kansas, 
about  8  miles  N.E.  of  McPherson. 

Win^net'ka,  a  post-village  in  New  Trier  township. 
Cook  CO.,  111.,  on  Lake  Michigan,  and  on  the  Chicago  A 
Northwestern  Railroad  (Milwaukee  Line),  16i  miles  N.  of 
Chicago.  Its  site  is  80  feet  above  the  water.  It  contains 
3  churches  and  the  AVinnetka  Institute.     Pop.  (1880)  584. 

Win'nicut,  a  small  river  of  Rockingham  co.,  N.H., 
unites  its  waters  with  the  Piscataqua  River. 

Winnieoka,  win'ne-o'ka,  a  post-office  of  Clark  co.,  AA'is. 

Winniki,  a  village  of  Austria.     See  AA'iniki. 

Winningen,  ■*in'ning-§n,  a  market-town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  on  the  Moselle,  4  miles  S.AV.  of  Coblentz.  It  has 
mineral  springs.     Pop.  1550. 

Winnipauk,  win'ne-pawk,  a  post-village  of  FairfielJ 
CO.,  Conn.,  in  Norwalk  township,  on  the  Danbury  A,  Nor. 
walk  Railroad,  li  miles  N.  of  Norwalk  village. 

Winnipeg,  win'?-peg,  a  lake  of  British  North  America, 
is  between  lat.  50°  and  54°  N.  and  Ion.  96°  and  99°  AV. 
Length,  240  miles  ;  breadth,  55  miles  ;  shape  very  irregu- 
lar. The  shores  are  low,  and  its  waters  are  muddy.  On 
its  S.  side  it  receives  the  AA'innipeg,  Assiniboin,  and  Rod 
Rivers;  and  from  thoAV.  it  is  joined  by  the  Saskatchewan, 
besides  which  it  receives  the  surplus  waters  of  AA'innipegoos 
and  Manitoba  Lakes  from  the  AV.  It  discharges  its  own 
surplus  water  northward  by  the  Nelson  River,  through  sev- 
eral small  lakcSj  into  Hudson  Bay.  On  its  shores  are  several 


WIN 


^2 


Win 


■t&Uons  of  the  Hudson  Bay  Company.  Tho  river  Winni- 
peg, a  noble  but  dangerous  stream,  has  a  N.W.  course  of 
250  miles  through  tlic  I<ake  of  tho  Woods,  Ac. 

Winnipeg,  or  Fort  Ciarry,  the  seat  of  government 
of  the  province  of  Manitoba  and  of  Soll<irk  co.,  situated 
At  the  junction  of  the  Assiniboin  and  Red  Ilivers,  40  miles 
S.  of  Lake  Winnipeg,  65  miles  by  rail  from  Pembina,  Da- 
kota, 250  miles  from  Fort  Abercrombic,  and  1180  miles 
from  Montreal  via  Canada  Pacific  Railway,  or  1843  miles 
via  Chicago  and  St.  Paul.  The  city  contains  about  25  stores, 
eoveral  saw-mills,  4  printing-offices,  a  theatre,  a  Church-of- 
England  cathedral,  Presbyterian  and  Wesleyan  churches, 
a  bank  and  a  branch  bank,  government  house,  legislative 
buildings,  many  good  dwellings,  and  a  strong  and  regular 
fortification.  It  is  the  seat  of  Manitoba  College,  St.  John's 
College,  St.  Mary's  Academy,  the  University  of  Manitoba, 
and  tho  Metropolitan  of  the  North-West.  Opposite  the 
town  is  St.  Boniface.    Pop.  in  1881,  7985;  in  1891,  25,642. 

Win'nipegoo8%  or  Win'nipigoose%  also  called 
Winnipegosis  and  Little  Winnipeg,  a  lake  of  Brit- 
ish North  America,  about  50  miles  W.  of  Lake  Winnipeg,  is 
125  miles  in  length  (N.  to  S.).  Average  breadth,  25  miles. 
Its  waters  flow  through  the  AVater  Hen  River,  Manitoba 
Lake,  and  tho  Little  Saskatchewan  into  Winnipeg  Lake. 

Winnitza,  or  Winnica,  Russia.    See  Vinnitsa. 

Winnsborough,  winz'bur-riih,  a  post-village,  capital 
of  Franklin  parish,  La.,  about  36  miles  S.E.  of  Monroe. 

Winnsborough,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Fairfield 
CO.,  S.C,  on  the  Charlotte,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad, 
38  miles  N.  of  Columbia.  It  has  6  churches  (besides  2 
colored  churches),  a  national  bank,  a  newspaper  oflSce,  and 
a  school  called  Mount  Zion  College.     Pop.  in  1890,  1738. 

Winnsborough,  a  post-village  of  Wood  co.,  Tex.,  on 
the  East  Line  &  Red  River  Railroad,  70  miles  W.  by  N. 
of  Jefferson,  and  25  miles  N.N.E.  of  Minoola.  It  has  3 
churches. 

Winn'ton,  a  post-office  of  Gonzales  co.,  Tex.,  11  miles 
E.  of  Gonzales. 

Winnweiler,  ^^inn'^IM^r,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Bavaria, 
10  miles  N.E.  of  Kaiserslautern.     Pop.  1349. 

Winona,  w§-no'na,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Min- 
nesota, has  an  area  of  about  650  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  Mississippi  River,  which  sepa- 
rates it  from  Wisconsin,  and  is  drained  by  the  Minneiska 
River  and  several  small  affluents  of  Root  River,  The  sur- 
face is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  for- 
ests of  the  ash,  elm,  o,ak,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  very 
fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  hay,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  butter 
are  the  staple  products.  Silurian  limestone  is  abundant  in 
this  county,  and  crops  out  in  the  picturesque  blujfs  of  the 
Mississippi,  which  are  about  300  feet  high  and  very  steep. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  AVinona  &  St.  Peter  Railroad,  and 
is  connected  with  Eastern  markets  by  tho  Milwaukee  &,  St. 
Paul  Railroad.  Capital,  AVinona.  Valuation  of  real  and 
personal  estate,  $13,051,776.  Pop.  in  1870,  22,319,  of  whom 
15,168  were  Americans;  in  1880,  27,197. 

Winona,  a  post-hamlet  of  Trimble  co.,  Ky.,  8  miles  S. 
of  Madison,  Ind.     It  has  a  church. 

Winona,  a  flourishing  city,  the  capital  of  AVinona  co., 
Minn.,  is  situated  on  the  right  (S.AV.)  bank  of  the  Missis- 
sippi River,  about  160  miles  below  St.  Paul.  By  railroad 
it  is  27  miles  N.AV.  of  La  Crosse,  AVis.,  104  miles  S.E.  of 
St.  Paul,  50  miles  E.  of  Rochester,  and  297  miles  AV.N.AV. 
of  Chicago.  Lat.  44°  3'  N. ;  Ion.  91°  30'  AV.  It  is  on  the 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroad,  and  is  the  E. 
terminus  of  the  AVinona  A  St.  Peter  Railroad,  and  the  AV. 
terminus  of  the  Green  B.ay  &,  Minnesota  Railroad.  It  con- 
tains a  court-house,  numerous  fino  residences,  14  churches, 
a  high  school,  a  state  normal  school,  the  building  of  which 
cost  about  $140,000,  4  nation.al  banks,  a  savings-bank,  and 
printing-offices  which  issue  1  daily  and  3  weekly  news- 
papers. The  business  portion  of  the  city  is  compactly  and 
substantially  built  of  brick  and  stone.  It  is  the  third  city 
of  Minnesota  in  population.  A  fine  iron  railroad  bridge 
crosses  the  Mississippi  River  here.  AVinona  has  6  flour- 
ing-mills,  3  large  saw-mills,  2  foundries,  gas-works,  6 
carriage- factories,  a  tannery,  5  steam  barrel-factories,  5 
manufactories  of  sash  and  doors  and  several  of  farming- 
implements.  Its  shipments  of  wheat  are  reputed  to  be 
the  largest  of  those  of  any  city  of  tho  Northwest  except 
Chicago  and  Milwaukee,  the  average  exports  being  about 
6,000,000  bushels  per  annum.  Laid  out  in  1852.  Pop.  in 
1870.  7200;  in  1880,  10,208;  in  1890,  18,208. 

Winona,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Montgomery  co.. 
Miss.,  on  the  Mississippi  Central  Railroad,  23  miles  S.  of 
Grenada,  125  miles  from  Memphis,  and  about  75  miles  AV. 
of  Columbus.     It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  money-order 


post-office,  6  churches,  a  wagon-shop,  and  a  sash-factory' 
A  largo  quantity  of  cotton  is  shipped  here.     Pop.  1200 

Winona,  a  post-village  in  Butler  township,  Columbinna 
CO.,  0.,  5  miles  S.AV.  of  Salem.  It  has  a  flour-mill  a  nur 
sery,  and  3  churches.  ' 

Winona,  or  Ontario,  a  post-village  in  AVentworih 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  Great  Western  Railway,  12  miles  E.S  i: 
of  Hamilton.    It  contains  2  saw-mills  and  2  stores.  P  luo 

Winona  Furnace,  a  post-oflieo  of  Hocking  co.,  0.   * 

Winooski,  wi-noos'k?,  a  post-village  in  Lyndon  town- 
ship,  Sheboygan  co.,  AVis.,  on  the  Onion  River,  1  mile  W 
of  the  AVisconsin  Central  Railroad,  and  about  25  miles  k! 
by  S.  of  Fond  du  Lac.  It  has  a  cheese-factory,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  county  asylum  for  the  insane. 

Winooski  Falls  (AVinooski  Post-Officc),  a  post-vil- 
lage in  Colchester  township,  Chittenden  co.,  A't.,  on  thn 
AVinooski  River,  and  on  the  Central  Averment  Railroad,  nt 
AVinooski  Station,  3  miles  E.  of  Burlington.  It  containR  4 
churches,  a  graded  school,  a  savings-bank,  a  cotton-factory, 
a  woollen-mill,  a  foundry,  a  machine-shop,  a  chair-factorv' 
several  flouring-mills,  Ac.  It  has  a  bridge  over  the  rivi'r' 
which  here  falls  about  20  feet  and  affords  extensive  water- 
power.  It  is  surrounded  by  beautiful  scenery.  Near  tliis 
village  is  a  monument  to  Ethan  Allen,  in  Green  Mount 
Cemetery.     Pop.  about  3000. 

Winooski  (or  Onion)  River,  A''ermont,  rises  in  Calc 
donia  co.  and  intersects  AVashington  co.  It  runs  nearly 
northwestward  through  Chittenden  co.,  and  enters  Lake 
Champlain  about  5  miles  below  Burlington.  It  is  about  100 
miles  long,  and  is  a  beautiful  river,  passing  through  the 
Green  Mountain  Range.  Montpclicr,  the  capital  of  Vc.-- 
mont,  is  on  this  river.  Deep  gorges  and  remarkable  raiiijj 
or  falls  occur  at  several  places  on  the  AVinooski. 

Winschoten,  win'sKoH^n,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
province  and  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  Groningen,  on  the  AVin- 
Bchoten  Canal.     It  has  a  Latin  school.     Pop.  6644. 

Winsen,  ^in's^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  12 
miles  N.AV.  of  LUneburg,  on  the  Lulie.     Pop.  4303. 

Winsen,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  landdrostci 
and  44  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Liineburg,  on  the  Aller.    Pop.  124i. 

Wins'low,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  and  Ci  milei 
S.E.  of  Buckingham.  Pop.  1826,  employed  in  the  manu- 
facture of  lace.     It  has  an  ancient  Gothic  church. 

Winslow,  winz'lo,  a  post-hamlet  in  AVinslow  township, 
Stephenson  co.,  111.,  on  the  Pecatonica  River,  about  18  miles 
N.N.AV.  of  Freeport.  It  has  a  church.  Pop.  of  the  town- 
ship, 929. 

Winslow,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co.,  Ind.,  on  Patoka 
Creek,  about  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Evansville.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Winslow,  a  station  of  tho  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  <fc 
Chicago  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Valparaiso,  Ind. 

Winslow,  a  post-village  in  AVinslow  township,  Kenne- 
bec CO.,  Me.,  on  tho  E.  bank  of  the  Kennebec  River,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Sebasticook,  18  miles  N.N.E.  of  Augusta,  and 
on  the  Maine  Central  Railroad,  1  mile  S.E.  of  AVaterville. 
A  bridge  900  feet  long,  over  the  Kennebec  River,  connects 
AVinslow  with  AVaterville.  AVinslow  contains  3  churches,  a 
flour-mill,  a  manufactory  of  repellent  cloth,  a  peg-factory, 
4  stores,  and  several  saw-mills.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1437. 

Winslow,  a  post-office  of  De  Kalb  co..  Mo. 

Winslow,  a  post-village  in  AVinslow  township,  Camden 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  Camden  A  Atlantic  Railroad,  at  its  junc- 
tion with  the  New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad,  also  on  tho 
Philadelphia  A  Atlantic  City  Railroad,  27  miles  S.E.  of 
Camden,  and  17  miles  N.E.  of  Vineland.  It  has  a  church 
and  2  manuf:ictories  of  glass.  Its  station  is  called  Winslow 
.Junction.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  18911,  2408. 

Winslow,  a  post-office  of  Harnett  co.,  N.C. 

Winslow,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1320. 

Winslow's,  a  station  in  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  on  the  New 
York  &  New  England  Railroad  (main  line),  154  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Boston. 

Winslow's  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lincoln  co.,  Me., 
in  AValdoborough  township,  on  the  Knox  A  Lincoln  Rail- 
road, 21  miles  W.  of  Rockland.  It  has  a  lumber-mill,  a 
flour-mill,  and  a  barrel -factory.     Pop.  about  200. 

Winsor  (win'z?r)  Mills,  a  village  in  Smithfield  town- 
ship. Providence  co.,  R.I.,  adjoining  Greenville,  is  on  the 
AVoonasquatuckct,  and  has  manufactures  of  cotton  print 
cloths.     Pop.  104. 

Win'spear,  a  hamlet  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  about  15  miles 
E.  of  Buffalo.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  grist-mill. 

Winstead,  win'stcd,  a  post-office  of  Person  co.,  N.C, 
16  miles  S.  of  AVhitlock  (Barksdale  Station),  Va. 

Win'sted,  a  post-borough  of  Litchfield  co.,  Conn.,  in 
Winchester  township,  at  tho  outlet  of  Long  Lake,  anl  on 


IF 


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2843 


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ho  Connecticut  Western  Railroad,  at  the  N.  terminus  of 
he  Naufcatuck  Railroad,  29  miles  N.  of  Waterbury,  and 
bout  28  miles  W.N.W.  of  Hartford.  It  comprises  2  con- 
iguous  villages,  Winsted  and  West  Winsted.  (See  West 
ViNSTED.)  The  borough  contains  5  churches,  4  banks,  2 
;raded  public  schools,  3  newspaper  offices,  and  2  hotels,  and 
lighted  with  gas.  It  has  manufactures  of  clocks,  silk 
;ood8,  scythes,  hoes,  cutlery,  hardware,  pins,  <tc.  These 
rtieles  are  produced  by  about  16  firms,  among  which  are 
he  Winsted  Silk  Co.  and  the  Empire  Knife  Co.  Mad 
tivor,  the  outlet  of  Long  Lake,  descends  200  feet  in  a 
curse  of  2  miles,  and  affords  abundant  hydraulic  power. 


op.,  in  1880,  4196,-  in  1890,  4846. 
Wii 


iiistcd,a  township  of  MoLeod  co.,  Minn.  Pop.  906. 
Winsted,  a  station  in  Rutherford  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
jVashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  36  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Nashville. 

I  Winsted  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  JIcLeod  co.,  Minn., 
in  Winsted  township,  about  42  miles  W.  of  Minneapolis. 
^t  has  a  church  and  a  grist-mill. 

iWin'ster,  n  market-town  of  England,  co.  of  Derby, 
,i  miles  ^V,  of  Matlock.  Pop.  814. 
Winston,  win'stpn,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Ala- 
bama, has  an  area  of  about  1040  square  miles.  It  is  drained 
ly  Sipsey  Creek,  the  Blackwater  River,  and  Clifty  Fork, 
.'he  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  mostly  covered  with 
orests.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  cotton,  and 
lork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Houston.  Valuation 
if  real  and  personal  estate,  $300,000.  Pop.  in  1870,  4155, 
if  whom  4152  were  Americans  ;  in  1880,  4253. 
I  Winston,  a  county  in  the  E.  central  part  of  Mississippi, 
fas  an  area  of  about  725  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
lie  branches  or  head-streams  of  the  Pearl  River,  some  of 
fivliich  rise  in  it.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level, 
bnd  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  beech,  elm, 
liickory,  magnolia,  white  oak,  tulip-tree,  Ac.  The  soil  is 
Ifertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  Tertiary  (miocene)  strata  underlie  this  county, 
fcapita),  Louisville,  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate, 
j$l, 298,602.  Pop.  in  1870,  8984,  of  whom  8926  were  Amer- 
(icans;  in  1880,  10,087. 

Winston,  Lake  co.,  Dakota.    See  Wixtox. 
Winston,  a  post-hamlet  of  Estill  co.,  Ky.,  14  miles  E. 
of  Richmond.     It  has  a  church. 
I    Winston,  Daviess  co..  Mo.    See  Wimstonville. 
j     Winston,  a  post-ofBoe  of  Dent  co.,  Mo.,  7  miles  S.S.E. 
[of  Salem,  and  about  36  miles  S.E.  of  RoUa. 

Winston,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Forsyth  co.,  N.C.,  in 
[AVini-ton  township,  contiguous  to  Salem,  ab(mt  27  miles  W. 
iof  Greonsborough,  and  35  miles  N.N.E.  of  Salisbury.     It 
jhas  an  aca<lemy,  1  daily  and  3  weekly  newspapers,  a  bank, 
■several  churches,  cotton-  and  woollen-mills,  shuttle-  and 
[bobbin-works,  an  iron-foundry,  a  number  of  tobacco-facto- 
'ries,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1880,  2854;  in  1890,  8018. 
)     Winston,  a  post-office  of  Nicholas  co.,  W.  Va. 
I     Winstonville,  Mississippi.    See  Feaux's  Springs. 
\     Winstonville,  a  village  of  Daviess  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Chicago,  Rock  Island  A  Pacific  Railroad,  at  Winston  Station, 
110  miles  N.E.  of  Cameron.     It  has  2  churches.    Cattle  and 
I  grain  are  shipped  here.     Pop.  304. 

I  WinlcrUerg,  -(vin't^r-bino',  a  town  of  Bohemia,  circle 
of  Piachin,  27  miles  S.W.  of  Pisek.  Pop.  3520,  employed 
I  in  gluss-  and  paper-factories. 

}     Winterberg,  a  town  of  Prussian  AVcstphalia,  25  miles 
•S.E.  of  Arnsberg,  on  the  Orke.     Pop.  1105. 
I     Win'terberg,  a  high  range  of  mountains  in  the  E.  part 
'of  Ca])e  Colony,  South  Africa. 

Win'terbourne,  a  post-village  in  Waterloo  co.,  On- 
J  tario,  on  Grand  River,  10  miles  N.  of  Berlin.  It  contains 
'  hotels,  several  stores,  and  a  grist-mill.  Pop.  150. 
{  Wiu'terburn,  a  post-village  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  in 
;  Huston  township,  on  the  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  34 
miles  E.  of  Brookville.     It  has  2  saw-mills. 

Win'terfield,  a  post-office  in  Wintcrfield  township, 
Clare  co.,  Mich.,  on  tho  Lake  George  <fc  Muskegon  River 
Railroad.     Pop.  of  township,  28. 
I      Winter  Harbor,  a  post-hamlet  in  Goldsborough  town- 
S  ship,  Hancock  co..  Me.,  on  the  sea-coast,  about  50  miles  S.E. 
of  Bangor.     Lobsters  and  iifh  are  caught  here.     Pop.  400. 
[      Winter  Harbor,  British  North  America,  is  on  the 
I  S.E.  coast  of  Jlelville  Island,  Arctic  Ocean.     Lat.  74°  47' 
'  2"  N. ;  Ion.  110°  48'  2"  W.     Hero  Sir  Edward  Parry  win- 
tered in  1819-20. 

Winterhoek,  win't?r-h5ok,  a  range  of  mountains  in 
the  S.W.  part  of  Capo  Colony,  South  Africa. 

Winterpock,  Chesterfield  co.,  Va.     See  Clover  Hilu 
Win'terport,  a  post-village  in  Winterport  township, 


Waldo  CO.,  Me.,  on  tho  W.  bank  of  the  Penobscot  River, 
opposite  Bucksport,  and  12  miles  below  Bangor.  It  contains 
4  churches,  a  savings-bank,  4  lumber-mills,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  large  manufactory  of  clothing.  Tho  river  is  hero  i 
mile  wide  and  flows  through  beautiful  scenery.  Steam- 
boats run  daily  from  Winterport  to  Bangor,  <tc.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  2744. 

Winterroud,  win'ter-rod,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co., 
Ind.,  13  miles  S.  of  Shelbyville. 

Win'terroAvd,  a  post-hamlet  of  Effingham  co.,  111.,  in 
Lucas  township,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Newton.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  saw-mill. 

Win'ters,  a  post-village  and  station  in  Yolo  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  Vaca  Valley  <fc  Clear  Lake  Railroad,  12i  miles  N. 
of  Vacaville. 

Winters,  a  post-office  of  Jo  Daviess  co.,  111.,  14  miloi 
S.S.W.  of  Warren. 

Win'terset,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Madison  co.,  Iowa, 
is  near  tho  Middle  River^30  miles  in  a  direct  line  and  42 
miles  by  railroad  S.W.  of  Des  Moines.  It  is  on  the  India- 
nola  (fcWinterset  Branch  of  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  <k  Pa- 
cific Railroad.  It  contains  6  churches,  2  national  banks,  a 
graded  school,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  woollen-mill,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  plough-factory.     Pop.  about  3000. 

Win'terstown  (formerly  Apple  Grove),  a  post- 
borough  of  York  CO.,  Pa.,  about  13  miles  S.S.E.  of  York. 
It  has  2  churches. 

Wintersville,  Indiana.    See  Smith's  Cnossivo. 

Win'tersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sullivan  co.,  Mo.,  on 
Medicine  Creek,  about  40  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Chillicothe. 

Wintersville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Cross  Creek  township, 
Jeff"erson  co.,  0.,  5  miles  W.  of  Steubenville.  It  has  2 
churches.     Pop.  113. 

Wintersville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Berks  co..  Pa.,  about 
22  miles  W.N.W.  of  Reading.    It  has  a  church  and  a  hotel. 

Winterswyk,  win't?rs-wik\  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  Gelderland,  35  miles  E.  of  Arnhem,  on  tho  Prus- 
sian frontier.  Pop.,  with  vicinity,  7383,  partly  liuen- 
weavers. 

Winterthur,  ^in't?r-tooR',  a  town  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  12  miles  N.E.  of  Zurich.  Pop.  9404.  It  has 
manufactures  of  cotton  yarn  and  cotton  fabrics,  a  college, 
a  public  library  and  museums,  tanneries,  breweries,  and 
soap-works.  Oder  Winterthur,  o'ber  win't^r-tooit*,  is  a 
village  1  mile  N.E.  of  the  above  town,  with  2287  inhab- 
itants, and  some  Roman  antiquities. 

Win'terton,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Norfolk,  ou 
tho  coast,  5i  miles  N.N.W.  of  Caistor.  The  church-steeple 
serves  as  a  landmark.  On  Winterton-Ness  is  alight-house, 
52  feet  in  height,  lat.  52°  43'  N.,  Ion.  1°  41'  E. 

Win'terton,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Sullivan  co., 
N.Y.,  on  the  New  York  i  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  Smiles 
N.W.  of  Middletown. 

Win'terville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oglethorpe  co.,  Ga.,  on 
the  Athens  Branch  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  Athens.  It  baa 
a  church,  an  academy,  a  grist-mill,  and  3  stores.  Pop. 
about  120. 

Win'throp,  a  post-hamlet  of  Middlesex  co.,  Conn.,  in 
Saybrook  township,  about  24  miles  E.  of  New  ilavcn.  It 
has  a  church. 

Winthrop,  a  post-village  of  Buchanan  co.,  Iowa,  in 
Fremont  township,  on  Buffalo  Creek,  and  on  the  Dubuque  <fc 
Sioux  City  Railroad,  61  miles  W.  of  Dubuque,  and  8  miles 
E.  of  Independence.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a 
newspaper  office,  and  1  or  2  carriage-shops. 

Wintlirop,  a  post-village  in  Winthrop  township,  Ken- 
nebec CO.,  Me.,  on  Cobbosseeconten  AVatcrs  and  the  Maine 
Central  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Augusta,  and  19  miles  N.E. 
of  Lewiston.  Winthrop  contains  a  national  bank  and  a 
hotel.     Pop.  in  1880,  984;  of  the  township,  2146. 

Winthrop,  a  post-village  in  Winthrop  township,  Suf- 
folk CO.,  Mass.,  on  Boston  Harbor,  and  on  the  Boston,  Win- 
throp &  Point  Shirley  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Boston. 
The  township  is  a  peninsula  in  Massachusetts  Bay.  Pop. 
2726.  Winthrop  Post-Office  is  a  branch  of  the  Boston  ])ost- 
office. 

Winthrop,  a  village  of  Buchanan  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Mis- 
souri River,  opposite  Atchison,  and  on  the  Kansas  City,  St. 
Joseph  &  Council  Bluffs  Railro.ad  and  the  Hannibal  &  St. 
Joseph  Railroad,  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  St.  Joseph.  It  has  2 
churches.  It  is  a  terminus  of  tho  Chicago,  Rock  Island  it 
Pacific  Railroad.     Post-office,  East  Atchison. 

Winthrop  Junction,  a  station  of  tho  Boston,  Revere 
Beach  <fc  Lynn  Railroad,  at  the  junction  of  the  Boston, 
Winthrop  <t  Point  Shirley  Railroad,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Bos- 
ton, Mass. 

Wiuton,  a  contracted  name  of  AVixcnESTBR,  England. 


IVIN 


2844 


WIS 


Win'toD,  a  post-hamlet  of  Newton  oo.,  Qa.,  8  miles  £. 
of  Covington. 

Wintou,  a  post-villago,  capital  of  Hertford  co.,  N.C., 
in  Winton  township,  on  the  right  or  W.  banii  of  tho  Chowan 
River,  about  66  miles  S.W.  of  Norfolk,  Va.,  and  30  miles 
N.W.  of  Edcnton.  Sloops  can  ascend  the  river  to  this 
place.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  of  tho  township,  2240. 

Wintoil)  a  post-borough  of  Lackawanna  co.,  Pa.,  in 
Blakcly  township,  on  tho  Delaware  &  Iluilson  Canal  Com- 
pany's Railroad,  and  on  a  branch  of  tho  Delaware,  Lacka- 
wanna &  Western  Railroad,  8  milca  N.U.  of  Scrauton.  It 
has  2  collieries.     Mining  coal  is  the  only  business.    P.  U05. 

Winton  Junction,  Pennsylvania.     See  Nataug. 

Winton  Place,  Hamilton  oo.,  0.   See  Spri-nq  Gkove. 

Wintzenheim,  <tint's?n-himo^  (Fr.  pron.  viV.Nt^sJn'- 
iva'),  a  market-town  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  3  miles  W.  of 
Colmar.  Pop.  2909,  employed  in  manufactures  of  printed 
cotton  goods  and  coarse  woollen  cloths. 

Win'yaw  Hay,  of  South  Carolina,  is  an  estuary  formed 
by  the  confluence  of  the  Pedce,  Black,  and  Waccaraaw 
Rivers  (which  unite  a  little  above  Georgetown),  and  com- 
municating with  the  Atlantic  about  lat.  33°  10'  N.  Length, 
14  miles  ;  mean  breadth,  2  miles.  Large  vessels  can  ascend 
to  Georgetown. 

Winzein,  ^int'sfiln,  a  village  of  AViirtcmbcrg,  circle  of 
Schwarzwald,  bailiwick  of  Oberndorf.     Pop.  985. 

Winzig,  vt-int'sic,  a  walled  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  30 
miles  N.W.  of  Breslau.     Pop.  2265. 

Wiota,  wl-o'tah,  a  post-village  of  Cass  eo.,  Iowa,  in 
Franklin  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific 
Railroad,  7  miles  £.  of  Atlantic.  It  has  a  church  and  2 
grain-elevators, 

Wiota,  a  post-village  in  Wiota  township,  Lafayette  co., 
Wis.,  about  44  miles  S.W.  of  Madison.  It  has  several 
churches  and  a  brewery.  The  township  has  5  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1627. 

Wippach,  wip'piK,  or  Wipbach,  a  town  of  Austria, 
in  Carniola,  30  miles  S.W.  of  Laybach.     Pop.  1700. 

Wipper,  ^ip'p^r,  or  Wiipper,  ^lip'p^r,  a  river  of 
Prussian  Saxony,  after  a  S.E.  course  of  50  miles,  joins  the 
Unstrut  7  miles  S.AV.  of  Artern. 

Wipper,  a  river  of  Prussian  Saxony  and  Anhalt,  after 
a  N.E.  course  of  40  miles,  joins  the  Saale  near  Bernburg. 

Wipper,  a  river  of  Prussian  AVestphalia,  after  a  course 
of  50  miles,  joins  the  Rhine  on  the  E.  bank,  8  miles  N.  of 
Cologne. 

Wipperfurth,^ip'p?r-fiint\  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prus- 
sia, 23  miles  N.E.  of  Cologne,  on  the  Wipper.     Pop.  4939. 

Wippra,  \Vip'pri,  a  village  of  Prussian  Saxony,  on  the 
Winner,  23  miles  S.S.B.  of  Halberstadt.     Pop.  1 122. 

Wirballen,  a  town  of  Poland.     See  WiiiRZBOLOw. 

Wirks'worth,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  and  12 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Derby,  on  the  High  Peak  Railway  and 
Cromford  Canal.  Pop.  3338.  The  town  consists  princi- 
pally of  two  streets  at  right  angles.  It  has  a  church,  3 
dissenting  chapels,  a  now  town  hall,  and  a  grammar-school. 
The  lead-mines  in  the  vicinity  furnish  employment  to  many 
of  tho  inhabitants.  Manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  hats, 
and  hosiery,  and  wool-combing,  are  carried  on. 

Wirt,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  West  Virginia,  has  an 
area  of  about  290  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N. 
by  Hughes  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Little  Kanawha 
River,  which  runs  through  the  county  in  a  N.W,  direction. 
The  surface  is  hilly,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  the 
ash,  hickory,  oak,  sugar-maple,  tulip-tree,  chestnut,  poplar, 
and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  outs, 
grass,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Petroleum  is 
the  chief  article  of  export.  Capital,  Elizabeth.  Pop.  in 
1870,  4804;  in  1880,  7104;  in  1890,  9411. 

Wirt,  a  post-office  of  Jefferson  co.,  Ind.,  between  Madi- 
son and  Columbus,  7  miles  N.W.  of  Madison. 

Wirt,  a  township  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y.  Pop.  1204. 
It  contains  Richburg. 

Wirt,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rook  co..  Wis.,  on  Rock  River, 
3  miles  S.E.  of  Afton. 

Wirt  Centre,  a  ]>ost-office  of  Alleghany  co.,  N.Y. 

Wirt  Court-IIouse,  West  Virginia.  See  Elizabeth. 

Wirtemberg,  Germany.     See  WUrtemdeuo. 

Wi.sa,  a  town  of  Turkey,    See  ViZA. 

Wisbaden,  Germany,     See  WiESDAnEy, 

Wisbeach,  wis'becch,  written  also  Wisbech,  a  mu- 
nicipal borough,  river-port,  and  town  of  England,  co.  of 
Cambridge,  on  tho  border  of  Norfolk,  in  the  Isle  of  Ely,  on 
the  None,  1 1  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Wash,  with  stations 
on  tho  Great  Eastern  and  Midland  Railways,  9  miles  N.N.E. 
of  March.  Pop.  93G2.  The  principal  edilices  are  St.  Peter's 
nhurch,  a  chapel  of  ease,  dissenting  chapels,  town  hall. 


custom-house,  corn  exchange,  assembly-rooms,  theatre  ni' 
baths.  It  has  ropcwalks,  iron-works,  malt-houses,  a  bruij 
ery,  and  yards  for  building  and  repairing  ships,  'fheclii. 
exjwrls  are  corn,  timber,  wool,  and  socdg,  Tho  juii.or' 
are  wine,  deals,  and  coals,  ] 

Wisby,  wiz'boo  or  <^i8'bU,  a  seaport  town  of  Swo.lcii 
capital  of  the  island  of  Gottland,  on  its  W.  coast,  114  milil 
S.S.E.  of  Stockholm.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  is  the  sou  o 
a  bishop,  and  has  a  new  cathedral,  a  gymniwimn,  tanncrit, 
tobacco-factories,  and  a  thriving  trade.     Pop.  6043. 

Wiscas'set,  a  post-village,  port  of  entry,  and'ciiiiitn 
of  Lincoln  co..  Me.,  in  Wiscasset  township,  on  tho  ri-h' 
bank  of  the  Shcepscott  River,  about  20  miles  from  tho  oceun 
and  50  miles  E.N.E.  of  Portland.  It  is  also  on  the  Kiiu 
&  Lincoln  Railroad,  11  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bath.  It  has  ii 
good  harbor,  which  is  accessible  at  all  seasons.  About  isl' 
vessels,  including  several  ships,  are  owned  here,  ami  liir'ii 
vessels  are  sometimes  built  in  its  ship-yards.  The  vill:i"  ' 
contains  a  court-house,  a  custom-house,  3  churches,  2  banks' 
a  high  school,  a  newspaper  office,  a  shoe-factory,  and  l' 
large  steam  saw-mills.  Wiscassct  is  noted  for  its  beiiutifu 
sccnerj',  and  is  frequented  .as  a  watering-place.  Tho  riv«i| 
is  here  crossed  by  a  long  railroad  bridge,  and  by  anotliei 
bridge  which  is  nearly  I  mile  in  length.  The  shipping  of 
this  district  amounts  to  about  5000  tons  registered  anj 
7000  tons  enrolled  and  licensed.  Of  the  enrolled  ami  li- 
censed  tonnage,  about  one-half  is  employed  in  the  coasting- 
trade  and  in  the  fisheries.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1977. 

Wischau,  wish'ow,  or  WiskoAV,  ftis'kov,  a  town  of 
Austria,  in  Moravia,  19  miles  E.N.E.  of  Briinn,  on  thv 
llanna.     Pop.  4802. 

Wisclicra,  a  river  of  Russia,    See  VisiiEnA. 

Wischnei  Wolotschok.    See  Vishnee  Volotciiok. 

Wischnitz,  a  town  of  Galicia,    See  Wis.nicz, 

Wischnitza,  ^^ish-nit'si,  or  Wisnitz,  ^is'nits,  a 
town  of  Austria,  in  Bukowina,  38  miles  W.S.W,  of  Cierno- 
witz,  on  the  Czeremosz,  opposite  Kuty.     Pop.  3921. 

Wiscon'sin,  or  Wiskon'sin,  originally  Ouiscon* 
sin  {NechooKpara  of  the  Indians),  the  largest  river  thut 
intersects  the  state  of  Wisconsin.  It  rises  on  or  near  th« 
northern  border  of  the  state,  and  is  the  outlet  of  nuaierout 
lakes  situated  in  the  cos.  of  Lincoln  and  Oconto.  It  runs 
southward  through  Marathon  and  Portage  cos.,  foring  the 
boundary  between  Adams  and  Juneau  cos.,  aims  to  the 
right  at  Portage  City,  below  which  it  Hows  southwostward 
to  Dane  co.,  and  thence  runs  nearly  westward,  forming  tho 
boundary  between  Sauk,  llichlaml,  and  Crawford  cos.  on 
the  right  and  Iowa  and  Grant  cos.  on  tho  left,  until  it 
enters  the  Mississippi  River,  about  4  miles  below  I'rairio 
du  Chien.  It  is  nearly  600  miles  long,  and  is  said  to  b« 
COO  yards  wide  at  its  mouth.  Steamboats  ascend  it  to 
Portage  City,  from  which  they  can  pass  through  a  short 
canal  into  Fox  River.  Remarkable  rapids  and  falls  occur 
at  several  places  on  the  AVisconsin  River,  which  passes 
through  deep  gorges  between  rocky  blufl's,  some  of  which 
are  400  feet  high  or  more.  A  few  miles  S.  of  Wnusau  is 
a  scries  of  cascades  or  rapids,  called  Grandfather  Bull  Falls. 

Wisconsin,  a  northern  state  of  the  American  Union, 
in  the  Upper  Lake  region,  bounded  N.  by  Lake  Superior 
and  the  ui>per  peninsula  of  Michigan,  E.  by  Michigan  and 
Lake  Michigan,  S.  by  Illinois,  and  W.  by  Iowa  and  .Min- 
nesota. The  rivers  Montreal  and  Menominee  separalo  it 
in  p.art  from  the  northern  peninsula  of  Michigan,  and  its 
western  boundary  is  for  the  most  part  washed  by  the  St. 
Croix  and  Mississippi  Rivers.  There  are  in  Lakes  Superior 
and  Michigan  some  important  islands  belonging  to  Wiscon- 
sin.    Area,  56,040  square  miles. 

Face  of  the  Country. — This  state  is  an  elevated,  rolling 
country  of  woodland  and  prairie,  seldom  exceeding  12U0 
feet  in  altitude,  and  without  any  mountainous  elevations  or 
lo'fty  ridges.  There  are  many  remarkable  natural  mounds 
or  conical  hills,  and  certain  peculiar  "pot-holes"  or  kettle- 
shaped  depressions  in  some  parts  of  the  state.  The  fore«t!, 
which  in  all  countries  give  peculiarities  of  character  to  tho 
landscape,  are  hero  extensive.  In  the  extreme  north  tho 
sugar-maple  is  the  prevalent  timber-tree;  next,  over  a 
wide  area,  the  white  pine  prevails;  while  towards  the  south 
there  are  numerous  groves  of  oak  (chiefly  the  burr-oak), 
but  here  the  country  is  largely  prairie.  The  state  is  crossed 
by  several  ridges  or  watersheds,  which  separate  the  various 
river-basins  from  one  another.  In  the  soutnwest  a  portion 
of  the  country  is  bluffy  and  broken. 

Rivers  and  Zrt/.-c».— Besides  the  great  Lakes  Superior 
and  Michigan,  the  state  has  an  immense  number  of  small 
lakes,  which  are  especially  numerous  northward,  though 
tho  average  size  of  tho  southern  lakes  is  the  greater.  Most 
of  those  lakes  are  clear,  with  gravelly  or  stony  bottoms. 


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ad  contain  excellent  fish.  A  few  are  shallow,  and  grow 
he  wild  rice.  Some  of  the  lakes  were  at  first  caused  by 
leaver-dains.  Many,  in  the  more  broken  and  hilly  regions, 
io  in  rocky  basins  without  outlet.  The  largest  lake  in  the 
tate  is  Lake  Winnebago.  The  Four  Lakes  of  Madison  are 
amed  for  their  beauty.  Devil's  Lake,  a  small  sheet  of 
rater  near  Laraboo,  lies  in  a  wild  and  picturesque  rock- 
»asin.  Lake  lloricon,  or  the  Winnebago  Marsh,  affords 
,n  example  of  a  large  lake  which  has  become  nearly  filled 
ip  with  silt.  The  principal  rivers  flowing  into  the  Missis- 
ippi  are  the  St.  Croix,  Chippewa,  Black,  Bad  Axo,  and 
iVisconsin.  Those  afford,  or  may  be  made  to  afford,  con- 
idenible  steam-navigation,  but  all  are  encumbered  by 
lipids  and  shifting  sands.  The  Pecatonica,  Rock,  Des 
Plaines,  and  Fox  Rivers  flow  into  Illinois.  The  rivers 
VIenominee,  Peshtigo,  Oconto,  and  Fox  flow  into  Green 
Bay,  Lake  Michigan.  The  Fox  River  is  connected  at  Por- 
*go  City  with  the  Wisconsin  by  a  short  canal ;  and  the 
two  rivers  are  being  fitted  for  navigation  by  the  United 
States  government.  Many  of  the  rivers  have  deep  rocky 
baiions  (here  called  dalles  or  dells),  through  which  the  water 
rushes  in  a  rapid  course,  and  afford  much  water-power, 
Which  is  extensively  utilized. 

I  Geology. — St.  Croix  Falls,  Chippewa  Falls,  Black  River 
Falls,  and  the  Grand  Rapids  of  the  AVisconsin  mark  the 
JBouthern  limit  of  the  azoic  region  of  this  state,  a  large 
tract,  covering  perhaps  a  third  part  of  the  whole  area. 
The  rocks  of  this  section  are  of  the  Laurentian  and  Hu- 
jronian  groups.  Southward,  southwestward,  and  southeast- 
ward of  this  tract,  and  again  on  the  Lake  Superior  slope, 
[appears  the  Silurian,  which  prevails  over  all  the  rest  of 
|the  state,  several  beds  of  the  Upper  and  Lower  Silurian 
Slaving  been  identified  as  belonging  to  the  well-known  New 
York  series  of  palajozoic  groups.  In  the  S.W.  the  Galena 
pimestono  prevails,  with  its  rich  ores  of  lead  and  zinc.  In 
feho  N.  there  are  rich  archaic  hematites  and  magnetites 
[(iron  ores),  and  handsome  Laurentian  limestones  or  mar- 
•bles  are  also  reported  to  occur, — blue,  red,  dove-colored,  and 
h-ariegatcd, — readily  accessible  by  water  and  rail.  Copper 
lores  have  been  worked  at  several  points.  Bituminous 
(limestones  and  valuable  cement  rocks  abound  in  the  S.E. 
The  celebrated  Iron  Ridge,  and  other  rocks  of  the  Clinton 
group,  afford  much  useful  ore. 

Objects  of  Interest  to  Tourists. — Prominent  objects  of  in- 
iterest  are  the  ancient  fortifications,  mounds,  and  earth- 
Uvorks,  often  shaped  in  outline  like  some  animal ;  the 
[numerous  falls,  rapids,  and  dalles  of  the  rivers;  the  wave- 
worn  sandstone  cliffs  of  the  Apostle  Islands  in  Lake  Su- 
[pcrior,  and  the  picturesque  shores  of  the  lakes.  For  the 
Isportsman  Northern  Wisconsin  offers  rare  attractions. 
I  Climate. — The  winters  are  long  and  severe,  especially  in 
fthe  north;  but  the  dryness  and  uniformity  of  the  weather 
(render  the  winter  climate  far  more  endurable  and  loss  in- 
jurious to  health  than  that  of  the  northeastern  states.  The 
jSt.  Croix  Valley,  which  has  extensive  pine  forests,  is  especi- 
fally  recommended  as  a  resort  for  consumptives.  The  rain- 
fall of  the  north  is  much  greater  than  that  of  the  south. 
Malarial  diseases  are  comparatively  unfrequent. 

Agricultural  Resources. — Excluding  a  large  proportion 
of  the  northern  azoic  and  forest  region  (which  is  sparsely 
settled  and  has  a  frosty  climate  and  a  sterile  soil,  with 
much  boulder  drift  and  many  small  marshes),  the  state 
ranks  high  in  point  of  agriculture.     Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
rye,  oats,  barley,  potatoes,  hops,  live-stock,  wool,  butter, 
cheese,  hay,  and  maple  sugar  are  leading  products.     In 
extent  of  hop-culture  Wisconsin  is  excelled  by  New  York 
alone  among  the  states.     Horses  are  here  extensively  bred. 
Many  of  the  soils,  though  light  and  sandy,  have  self-fer- 
tilizing elements   in   abundance,  and   are  not  easily  ex- 
hausted.    In  the  more  broken  regions  there  are  tracts  once 
regarded  as  inarable,  which  in  the  hands  of  Scandinavian 
and  German  farmers  have  proved  very  productive.     The 
northern  half  of  the  state  is  too  cold  for  the  common  apple, 
i  although  it  has  an  abundant  native  crab;  but  in  the  state 
t  at  largo  fruit-growing  is  an  important  industry.     Cran- 
berry-culture is  profitable  even  far  northward;  and  the  busi- 
I  ness  of  gathering  and  drying  raspberries  and  other  native 
I  small  fruits  promises  well  in  the  northwest. 
i       Miiiiiifaclures. — A  largo  number  of  busy  manufacturing 
j  towns  have  sprung  up  in  this  state,  favored  by  the  abun- 
dant water-power  and  the  cheapness  of  raw  materials.    The 
manufactures  of  lumber,  laths,  shingles,  staves,  headings, 
furniture,    agricultural   implements,    sash,   blinds,    doors, 
j   wagons,  carriages,  and   wooden-wares  of  every  kind  are 
I  leading  interests,  the  scantily-timbered  states  southwestward 
I   affording  a  good  and  convenient  market  for  all  such  goods. 
Leather,  shoes,  saddlery,  harnesses,  woollen  goods,  metallio 


wares,  gloves,  lime,  cement,  bricks,  Ac,  are  also  important 
articles  of  manufacture.  The  beer  and  excellent  pale  bricks 
of  IMilwaukee  are  known  throughout  the  country. 

Lalce  and  River  Trade. — Wisconsin  has  some  excellent 
lake  harbors,  as  at  Superior,  Bayfield,  La  Pointe,  and 
Chequamegon  Bay,  Lake  Superior,  and  at  yarious  points 
in  Green  Bay,  an  arm  of  Lake  Michigan  ;  but  some  of  the 
principal  ports  on  the  latter  lake  have  but  poor  harbor- 
facilities,  except  those  which  have  been  artificially  con- 
structed. Such  are  the  ports  of  Kenosha,  Racine,  Milwau- 
kee, Ozaukee,  and  Manitowoc.  Prescott,  La  Crosse,  and 
Prairie  du  Chien  are  the  principal  towns  on  the  Mississippi. 
Railroads. — In  1850  there  were  20  miles  of  railroad  in 
the  state;  in  1855,  187  miles;  in  1860,  905  miles;  in  1865, 
1010  miles;  in  1870,  1525  miles;  in  1880,  313tf  miles;  in 
1890,  5615  miles. 

Counties. — The  state  is  divided  into  68  counties,  as  follows : 
Adams,  Ashland,  Barron,  Bayfield,  Brown,  Buffalo,  Burnett, 
Calumet,  Chip])ewa,  Clark,  Columbia,  Crawford,  Dane, 
Dodge,  Door,  Douglas,  Dunn,  Eau  Claire,  Florence,  Fond 
du  Lac,  Forest,  Grant,  Green,  Green  Lake,  Iowa,  Jackson, 
Jefferson,  Juneau,  Keno.»<ha,  Kewaunee,  La  Crosse,  Lafay- 
ette, Langlade,  Lincoln,  Manitowoc,  Marathon,  Marinette, 
Marquette,  Milwaukee,  Monroe,  Oconto,  Oneida,  Outaga- 
mie, Ozaukee,  Pepin,  Pierce,  Polk,  Portage,  Price,  Racine, 
Richland,  Rock,  Sauk,  Sawyer,  Shawano,  Sheboygan,  St. 
Croix,  Taylor,  Trempealeau,  Vernon,  Walworth,  Washburn, 
AVasliington,  Waukesha,  Waupacca,  Waushara,  Winnebago, 
and  Wood. 

The  Principal  Cities  are  Milwaukee,  the  largest  town  in 
the  state  (pop.  in  1890,  204,408);  iMadison,  the  capital 
(13,426);  La  Crosse  (25,090),  Oshkosh  (22,836),  Racine 
(21,014),  Eau  Claire  (17,415),  Sheboygan  (16,359),  Fond 
du  Lac  (12,024),  Superior  (ll,98.i),  Appleton  (i1,869), 
Marinette  (11,523),  Janesville  (10,836),  Ashland  (9956), 
Wausau  (9253),  Green  Bay  (9069),  Watertown  (8775), 
Chippewa  (8670),  Stevens  Point  (7896),  Manitowoc  (7710), 
Merrill  (6809),  Kenosha  (6532),  Waukesha  (6321),  Beloit 
(6315),  Menomonee  (5491),  Oconto  (5219),  Portage  (5143), 
Neenah  (5083),  besides  other  important  places,  such  as  Fort 
Howard,  Kaukauna,  Baraboo,  Menasha,  <fec. 

Government,  dbc. — The  governor  and  principal  executive 
ofiicers  are  chosen  for  the  term  of  2  years.  Judicial  ofiicers 
are  chosen  by  the  people,  and  serve  for  fixed  terms.  The 
state  sends  10  members  to  the  lower  house  of  Congress.  The 
legislature  consists  of  a  senate  of  33  members  and  of  a 
house  of  100  representatives,  elected  for  one  year.  There 
is  a  state  asylum  for  the  blind  at  Janesville,  one  for  the 
insane  at  Madison,  one  for  deaf-mutes  at  Delavan,  a  state 
prison  at  Waupun,  and  a  state  industrial  or  reform  school 
at  Waukesha. 

Education. — Free  public  schools  are  sustained  by  state, 
county,  and  local  taxation.  In  the  larger  towns  there  are 
high  and  graded  schools.  State  normal  schools  are  main- 
tained at  Whitewater,  Platteville,  River  Falls,  Oshkosh,  and 
Milwaukee.  Public  schools  are  under  the  charge  of  state, 
county,  and  city  superintendents.  The  principal  colleges 
are  Lawrence  University,  Appleton  (Methodist  Episco- 
pal); Beloit  College  (Congregational);  Galesville  University 
(Presbyterian);  the  University  of  Wisconsin,  Madison,  a 
state  institution  of  high  character;  a  Seventh-Day  Baptist 
college  at  Milton;  St.  John's  College,  Prairie  du  Chien 
(Roman  Catholic);  Racine  College  (Episcopal);  Ripon  Col- 
lege, Ripon  (Congregational) ;  Pio  Nono  College,  at  St. 
Francis  (Roman  Catholic);  College  of  Our  Lady  of  the 
Sacred  Heart,  at  Watertown  ;  the  Northwestern  University, 
at  Watertown  (Lutheran);  female  colleges  at  Fox  Lake, 
Milwaukee,  &c.  The  number  of  academies,  seminaries,  and 
parish  and  conventual  schools  is  large. 

Indians. — The  Indian  population  is  mostly  of  the  Chip- 
pewa or  Ojibway  stock.  'There  are  two  northern  reser- 
vations, and  the  people  are  reported  to  be  improving  in 
intelligence,  morality,  and  industrj'. 

History. — The  ancient  hunting-ground  of  the  Sac  (Sauk), 
Fox,  Iowa,  AVinnebago,  Ottawa,  Ojibway,  and  Menominee 
Indians,  Wisconsin  was  slow  in  being  settled  by  whites, 
although  the  French  early  settled  at  Green  Bay,  and  later 
at  Prairie  du  Chien.  In  1836  the  territory  of  Wisconsin 
was  formed  out  of  a  part  of  Michigan.  It  at  first  embraced 
what  are  now  Iowa  and  Minnesota,  but  gave  up  Iowa  and 
most  of  Minnesota  in  1838,  and  in  1848  became  a  state 
with  its  present  limits.  After  the  Black  Hawk  war  the  ter- 
ritory filled  up  rapidly  with  an  excellent  class  of  settlers. 
Since  the  civil  war  of  1861-65,  in  which  the  state  bore  a 
conspicuous  share,  there  has  been  a  great  development  par- 
ticularly of  the  railroad  and  lumber  interests,  and  this  ha4 
reacted  favorably  upon  agriculture. 


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The  Population  in  1S40  was  30,945;  in  1850,  305,391 ;  in 
1860,  775,881 ;  in  1870,  1,054,070  (oxcluding  10,315  tribal 
Indians);  in  1375  (stole  census),  1, 230,72',);  in  1880,  1,315,- 
497  ;  in  1885, 1,563,423 ;  in  1890, 1,686,880.  Many  Scandi- 
navian and  (jcrman  emigrants  liave  settled  here  of  late. 

Wisconsin  Valley  Junction,  Wisconsin.  See  Val- 

LEV   JUSCTIOM. 

Wis'coy,  a  post-office  of  Winona  cc,  Minn.,  in  Wiscoy 
township,  12  miles  S.  of  Winona.     Pop.  of  township,  602. 

H'iscoy,  a  post-village  in  Hume  township,  Alleghany 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  Wiscoy  Creek,  near  the  Genesee  Valley  Canal, 
about  20  miles  S.  of  Warsaw.  It  has  a  church,  an  iron- 
foundry,  and  a  machine-shop.     Pop.  193. 

Wis'doni's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Harris  co.,  Ga. 

M'ise,  wiz,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Tc.Kas,  has  an 
area  of  about  900  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
West  Forl{  of  Trinity  River,  and  partly  drained  by  the 
Denton  Fork  of  the  same.  The  surface  is  extensively  cov- 
ered with  woodlands.  The  soil  is  mostly  fertile,  and  pro- 
duces pasture  for  many  cattle.  This  county  is  traversed  by 
the  Fort  Worth  &  Denver  City  llailroad.  Cnpital,  Decatur. 
Pop.  in  1870,  1450;  in  1880,  16,601  ;  in  1890,  24,134. 

Wise,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Virginia,  borders  on 
Kentucky.  Area,  about  385  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  S.E.  by  Clinch  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Rus- 
sell's Fork  (or  the  West  Fork)  of  Sandy  River.  The  Cum- 
berland Mountain,  or  a  ridge  continuous  with  that  moun- 
tain-range, e.xtends  along  the  N.W.  border  of  this  county. 
.Forests  of  the  oak,  hickory,  chestnut,  sugar-maple,  Ac, 
cover  a  large  part  of  the  surface.  The  soil  of  the  valleys  is 
fertile,  Indian  corn,  grass,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. This  county  is  intersected  by  a  branch  of  the  Louis- 
ville <t  Nashville  Railroad.  Capital,  Wise  Court-IIouse. 
Pop.  in  1870,  4785;  in  1880,  7772;  in  1890,  9345.  - 

Wise'burg,  a  hamlet  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md.,  IJ  miles 
from  Parkton.     It  has  a  church. 

Wise  Court-House,  or  Gladcsville,  gladz'vll,  a 
post-hamlet,  capital  of  Wise  co.,  Va.,  about  36  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Abingdon.     It  has  a  church. 

Wiseville,  wiz'vil,  a  post-office  of  Accomack  co.,  Va. 

Wisli'art's,  a  township  of  Robeson  co.,  N.C.     P.  624. 

Wish'aw,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Lanark,  5  miles 
N.W.  of  Carluke,  at  the  junction  of  a  branch  of  the  Cale- 
donian with  the  Wishaw  &  Coltness  Railway,  in  one  of  the 
most  extensive  coal-fields  of  Scotland.     Pop.  8812. 

Wisingsoe,  ■<tee'sing-so'ch,  an  island  in  the  S.part  of 
Lake  Wetter,  Sweden,  opposite  Grenna.  Length,  10  miles  ; 
breadth,  1  mile.  On  it  are  the  village  and  harbor  of  AVi- 
singen. 

WiskOAV,  a  town  of  Moravia.     See  AVischau. 

Wisia,  a  river  of  Europe.     See  Vistula. 

Wisia,  a  village  of  Austrian  Silesia.     See  WEicnsEL. 

Wislica,  ■<^is-leet'sil,  a  walled  town  of  Russian  Poland, 
province  and  34  miles  S.  of  Kielce,  on  the  Nida.     P.  2520. 

Wislok,  wis'lok,  a  river  of  Austrian  Galicia,  rises  in 
the  Carpathian  Mountains,  flows  N.  to  llzcszow,  and  thence 
E..  and  joins  the  San  near  Sieniawa.     Length,  112  miles. 

Wisloka,  'S'is-lo'ki,  a  river  of  Austrian  Galicia,  joins 
the  Vistula  10  miles  S.W.  of  Baranow.    Length,  100  miles. 

Wismar,  <^is'mar,  a  fortified  seaport  town  of  North 
Germany,  Mecklcnburg-Schwerin,  capital  of  a  lordship,  at 
the  head  of  a  dee])  bay  of  the  Baltic,  and  the  terminus  of 
a  branch  railway  to  Hamburg  and  Rostock,  18  miles  N.E. 
of  Sehwerin.  Pop.  14,462.  It  has  several  churches,  hos- 
pitals, and  schools,  an  orphan  asylum,  manufactures  of  to- 
bacco, playing-cards,  and  sail-cloth,  and  important  brew- 
eries and  distilleries.  Its  harbor  is  commodious,  and  nearly 
landlocked  by  the  island  of  Poel.  It  has  large  ship-build- 
ing docks.  AVismar  was  founded  in  1229,  and  for  some 
time  belonged  to  the  Hanseatic  League. 

Wis'mer,  a  post-village  in  Plumstcad  township,  Bucks 
CO.,  Pa.,  3  miles  AV.  of  Point  Pleasant,  and  S  miles  N.  of 
Doylestown.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

Wis'ner,  a  post-village  in  AVisncr  township,  Tuscola  co., 
Mijh.,  on  Saginaw  Bay,  12  miles  E.  of  Bay  City.  Pop.  of 
tho  township,  400. 

W^isner,  a  post-village  of  Cuming  co.,  Neb.,  on  the 
Elkhorn  River  and  the  Sioux  City  &  Pacific  Railroad,  51 
niilos  N.N.A7.  of  Fremont,  and  15i  miles  N.W.  of  AV'est 
Point. 

Wisnicz,  ^is'nitch,  or  Wischnitz,  ^ish'nits,  a  town 
of  Austrian  Galicia,  26  miles  S.E.  of  Cracow.     Pop,  4242. 

Wisnitz,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  AVischnitza. 

Wisowitz,  *ee'zo-*it3\  a  town  of  Moravia,  20  miles 
N.E.  of  Ilradisch.  Pop.  2804,  who  manufacture  coarse 
wooUei)  cloths  and  paper. 

Wisowka,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  IIochstadt. 


Wissahick'on  (or  Wissahic'con)  Crock,  I'enn. 
sylvania,  rises  in  Montgomery  co.,  runs  southwanl  through 
tho  21st  ward  of  Philadelphia,  and  enters  tlic  Scliiiylkill 
River  near  the  upper  end  of  Fairmount  Park,  and  about  1 
mile  below  Manayunk.  It  flows  in  a  narrow,  rocky  glen 
and  is  celebrated  for  its  wild  and  romnntie  scenery. 

Wissant,  vee's5No',  a  village  of  France,  in  Paa-do 
Calais,  10  miles  AV.S.AV.  of  Calais,  and  conjectured  to  be  lh« 
I'ortnn  ft  ilia  of  the  Romans.     Pop.  1050. 

Wissehrad,  a  village  of  Bohemia.     See  Piiaciik, 

Wissek,  vi-is'sik,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  of  I'oscn 
government  of  Brombcrg.     Pop.  1151. 

Wissekerke,  ^is's^h-kdu'k^h,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands,  in  Zealand,  on  tho  island  of  North  Bcveland,  9  uiilet 
N.AV.  of  Goes.     Pop.  of  commune,  3445. 

Wissembourg,  vees'sfim'boou'  (Gcr.  WeUieiilurr), 
^Is's^n-boouo*  ;  L.  Al'bu  Lelimiu'iid  or  Leln'simn),  a  forti- 
fied town  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  on  tho  right  bank  of  tho 
Lauter,  and  on  tho  Bavarian  frontier,  34  miles  N.X.lv.  of 
Strasburg.  Pop.  6152.  It  hiw  a  collegiate  church  of  tho 
thirteenth  century,  a  Protestiint  church  containing  a  bu.«t 
of  Luther,  a  synagogue,  town  hall,  barracks,  a  largo  old 
tower,  now  forming  a  prison,  manufactures  of  tiles,  bricks, 
soap,  felt  hats,  paper-hangings,  and  vinegar,  and  a  trade  in 
wax,  cattle,  cloths,  iron,  and  agricultural  ]>roduco.  It  wag 
the  scene  of  a  bloody  battle  between  the  French  and  Ger- 
mans, August  4,  1870. 

Wis'sino'ming,  a  station  in  Philadelphia  co..  Pa.,  on 
tho  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Kensington. 

Wis'tar,  a  ))ost-oflice  and  station  in  Clinton  co..  Pa., 
on  tho  Philadelphia  it  Erie  Railroad,  15  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Renovo. 

Wisternitz,  'ft-is't?r-nits\  a  town  of  Moravia,  4  miles 
E.  of  Olmutz,  with  a  castle.     Pop.  1250. 

Wistitten,  or  Wysztytten,  \Vis-tit'tQn,  a  town  of 
Russian  Poland,  on  the  Prussian  frontiers,  28  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Suvalki. 

Wis'ton,  a  borough  and  parish  of  AVales,  co.  of  Pem- 
broke, 5  miles  E.N.E.  of  llaverford-AVest.  Pop.  of  borough 
and  parish,  691.  Chief  edifices,  the  church  and  a  ruined 
castle. 

Witch'erville,  a  post-office  of  Sebastian  co..  Ark. 

M'itepsk,  Russia.    Sec  A'^itebsk. 

With'am,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Lincoln,  rises  in 
Rutlandshire,  flows  N.  past  Grantham  to  Lincoln,  and  then 
S.AV.  past  Tattershall  and  Boston  to  the  AVash,  which  it 
enters  N.  of  the  mouth  of  AVelland  River.  Total  length,  80 
miles,  for  the  last  40  of  which,  to  Lincoln,  it  is  navigable 
forsmall  steam- and  sailing-vessels,  and  for  33  miles,  to  Tat- 
tershall, for  vessels  of  much  larger  burden.  Its  principal 
affluents,  the  Bain  and  Slea,  have  been  mode  navigable  to 
llorncastle  and  New  Sleaford. 

Witham,  a  market-town  and  parish  of  England,  co.  of 
Essex,  on  the  Maiden  Branch  of  tho  Eastern  Counties  Rail- 
way, 9  miles  N.E.  of  Chelmsford.  Pop.  3347.  Tho  town, 
near  the  confluence  of  the  Braine  with  tho  Bl.ackwater,  has 
an  endowed  school,  almshouses,  and  other  charities.  It  is 
the  supposed  site  of  tho  Roman  station  Cunoninm. 

With'amsville,  a  post-village  in  Unicm  township, 
Clermont  co.,  0.,  about  15  miles  E.  of  Cincinnati,  and  4 
miles  from  tho  Ohio  River.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop.  254. 

Withe,  with  (or  Wythe)  Depot,  a  post-hamlct  of 
Shelby  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the  Louisville  &  Memphis  RailroaH 
25  miles  E.N.E.  of  ^lemphis. 

With'er's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Marion  co.,  Mo. 

With'erspooii,  a  post-office  and  station  of  Hot  Spring 
CO.,  Ark.,  on  the  St.  Louis,  Iron  Mountain  dk  Southern  Rail- 
road, 5  miles  N.E.  of  Arkadelphia.  It  has  a  church,  and 
manufactures  of  salt. 

With'crup's,  a  post-village  of  A'enango  co.,  Pii.,  in 
Rockland  township,  near  the  Alleghany  River,  a  few  miles 
S.  of  Franklin.     It  lias  a  church.     Pop.  neariy  200. 

With'ington,  a  station  in  Cass  co.,  Minn.,  on  the 
Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  17  miles  E.N.E.  of  Braincrd. 

WithMacoo'chee  (or  WethMacoo'chee)  llivcr, 
Florida,  rises  near  the  middle  of  the  peninsula,  runs  north- 
ward  and  westward,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  on  tho 
boundary  between  Hernando  and  Levy  cos. 

Withlacoochec  River  rises  in  Berrien  co.,  Ga.,  runs 
southward  into  Florida,  and  enters  the  Suwanee  River  near 
Ellaville  Station  on  the  Jacksonville,  Pensacola  &  Mobile 
Railroad. 

Witkowitz,  •<vit-ko'«its,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  circle 
of  Bidschow,  about  35  miles  from  Gitschin.     Pop.  2200. 

Witkowo,  <5-it-ko'vo,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland,  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Gnesen.  Pop.  1718,  It  has  manufactures  of 
woollen  cloth,  linens,  and  leather. 


I 


WIT 


2847 


WOB 


!  Wit'Iess  Bay,  a  fishing  settlement  in  the  district  of 
t'erryland,  Newfoundland,  22  miles  S.  of  St.  John's.  P.  928. 

VVitmarsum,  wit'mar-so6m*,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
ands,  in  Friesland,  district  and  15  miles  S.W.  of  Leeu- 
warden.  It  is  the  birthplace  of  Simon  Menno,  founder 
Df  the  sect  of  Mennonites. 

,  Wit'mer,  a  post-village  of  Lancaster  co.,  Pa.,  in  East 
Lampeter  township,  on  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  5i  miles 
E.  of  Lancaster.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  cigar-factory. 

Wit'ney,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  and  10  miles 
W.N.W.  of  O.\ford,  on  the  AVindrush,  an  affluent  of  the 
Thames.  It  has  a  town  hall,  a  blanket-hall,  a  corn  ex- 
change, a  church,  a  grammar-school,  and  manufactures  of 
igloves,  malt,  and  blankets. 

Wito'ka,  or  Centreville,  sen't?r-vil,  a  post-hamlet 
of  Winona  co.,  Minn.,  8  miles  S.  of  Winona.  It  has  1  or 
2  churches  and  a  graded  school. 

Witsche,  ^it'sh^h,  written  also  Wicze,  a  village  of 
(Austria,  in  Moravia,  circle  of  Prerau.     Pop.  1530. 
,     Witschegda,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  ViTciiEcnA. 

Witschein,  ^it'shine,  or  Switschina,  s*it-shee'nS,, 
,a  village  of  Austria,  Styria,  circle  of  Marburg.    Pop.  1632. 

Witt,  a  post-oflSco  and  station  in  Montgomery  co.,  111., 
Jon  the  Indianapolis  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  11  miles  N.E.  of 
^Hillsborough.     It  has  2  churches. 

Witteberg,  ^it't^h-bfinc^  a  snow-clad  range  of  Africa, 
lin  the  E.  part  of  the  Orange  Free  State. 

Witten,  ^it'ten,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  AVestphalin,  32 
■  miles  W.N.W.  of  Arnsberg,  on  the  Ruhr,  and  on  the  Elber- 
'  feld  &  Dortmund  Railway.  It  has  coal-mines,  glass-works, 
paper-mills,  oil-mills,  and  manufactures  of  steel  and  hard- 
ware.    Pop.  18,106. 

Wittcnbach,  v^it't^n-biK^  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  of  St.  Gall.     Pop.  1432. 

Wittenberg,  wit't^n-bJRG^  a  fortified  town  of  Prussian 
Saxony,  capital  of  a  circle,  46  miles  N.N.E.  of  Merseburg, 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Elbe,  and  on  the  railway  from 
Berlin  to  Leipsic.  Lat.  51°  53'  N. ;  Ion.  12°  46'  E.  Pop. 
12,427,  besides  the  garrison.  Its  university  was  united  to 
that  of  Halle  in  1817 ;  it  has  a  gymnasium,  breweries,  dis- 
tilleries, and  manufactures  of  woollens.  Here  the  Refor- 
mation commenced  in  1517,  and  the  garrison  church  con- 
tains the  graves  of  Luther  and  Melanchthon,  and  their 
portraits  by  Lewis  Cranach.  Luther's  cell  in  the  Augustine 
convent,  and  Melanchthon's  house,  are  still  preserved. 

Wit'teiiberg,  a  post-office  of  Alexander  co.,  N.C.,  about 
66  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Charlotte. 

Wittenberg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Somerset  co.,  Pa.,  about 
15  miles  N.W.  of  Cumberland,  Md.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  saw-mill. 

Wittenberg,  a  post-office  of  Hutchinson  co.,  S.D.,  40 
miles  N.  of  Yankton. 

Wittenberg  College,  Ohio.    See  SpuiNCFiEi.n. 

Wittenberge,  v^it't^n-bfiRo'^h,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
province  of  Brandenburg,  65  miles  N.W.  of  Potsdam,  at  the 
confluence  of  the  Stepnitz  and  Elbe,  and  on  the  Hamburg  <fc 
Berlin  Railway,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Perleberg.     Pop.  7640. 

Wittenburg,  ^it'ten-boona',  a  town  of  North  Ger- 
many, gr.and  duchy  of  Mecklcnburg-Schwerin,  on  the  rail- 
way to  Berlin,  17  miles  S.W.  of  Schwerin.     Pop.  3437. 

Wit'tenburg,  or  Wit'tenberg,  a  post-village  of 
Perry  co.,  Mo.,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  opposite  Grand 
Tower,  about  25  miles  N.  of  Cape  Girardeau.  It  has  a 
church,  a  brewery,  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  116. 

Wittens,  wit'tenz,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  0. 

M'it'ten's  Alills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tazewell  co.,  Va., 
30  miles  N.N.E.  of  Saltville.  It  has  excellent  water-power, 
a  flouring-mill,  a  church,  and  a  tannery. 

Wit'ter's  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co.,  Cal.,  40 
miles  N.  of  Cloverdale.     Here  is  a  mineral  snring. 

Wittgenstein  (witt'gh?n-stlne)  Island,  Low  Archi- 
pelago, Pacific  Ocean.     Lat.  16°  11'  S. ;  Ion.  146°  22'  W. 

Wittichenau,  <i'it'tiK-§h-n6w\  a  town  of  Prussian 
Silesia,  88  miles  W.N.W.  of  Liegnitz,  on  the  Black  Elster. 
Pop.  2127.     It  has  manufactures  of  linen  and  hosiery. 

Wittingau,  *it'tin-gow\  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Bo- 
hemia, 14  miles  E.N.E.  of  Budweis.     Pop.  5117. 

Wittingen,  *it'ting-en,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover, 
landdrostei  of  Luneburg,  19  miles  S.S.E.  of  Uelzcn.    P.  1680. 

Wittlich,  ^itt'liK,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  20  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Treves,  on  an  affluent  of  the  Moselle.  Pop.  3147. 
It  has  manufactures  of  wine  and  tobacco. 

Witt'nian,  a  post-hamlet  of  Talbot  co.,  Md.,  on  Ches- 
apeake Bay,  19  miles  W.  of  Easton.  It  has  3  churches.  It 
is  mainly  supported  by  the  oyster-business. 

Wittmund,  ^itt'inoont,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Han- 
over, 14  miles  N.E.  of  Aurich.    Pop.  1S87. 


Witts'burg,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cross  co..  Ark., 
on  the  St.  Francis  River,  about  40  miles  W.  of  Memphis, 
Tenn.  It  has  a  church,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  steam- 
boat-landing.    Pop.  250. 

Witt's  Foundry,  a  post-village  of  Hamblen  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Cincinnati,  Cumberland  Gap  &  Charleston  Railroad, 
6  miles  S.  of  Morristown.  It  has  a  churoh,  a  foundry,  s 
machine-shop,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Witt's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Orangeburg  co.,  S.C. 

Witt's  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Searcy  co.,  Ark.,  on 
the  Boston  Mountain,  95  miles  N.N.W.  of  Little  Rock. 

Wittstock,  ^itt'stok,  a  walled  town  of  Prussia,  prov- 
ince of  Brandenburg,  on  the  Dosse,  60  miles  N.W.  of  Ber- 
lin. Pop.  6861.  It  has  a  large  hospital  for  military  in- 
valids, and  manufactures  of  linen  and  woollen  fabrics. 

Witu  (wee'too)  Islands,  an  archipelago  of  small 
islands,  extending  along  the  S.  part  of  the  coast  of  the 
Galla  country.  East  Africa.  The  mainland  near  this  group 
is  also  called  Witu. 

Witu'dan  Lake,  Minnesota,  is  in  the  S.  part  of  Kan- 
diyohi CO.     It  is  nearly  5  miles  long. 

Witzenhausen,  ^it's(jn-how'z§n,  a  town  of  Prussia, 
in  Hesse-Nassau,  capital  of  a  district,  on  the  Werra,  15 
miles  E.  of  Cassel.  Pop.  3194.  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  and 
has  manufactures  of  linen  fabrics,  vinegar,  and  leather. 

Wiveliscombe,  commonly  pron.  wils'kiim,  a  market- 
town  of  England,  co.  of  Somerset,  26i  miles  W.  of  Somer- 
ton.  Pop.  2059,  partly  engaged  in  woollen-manufactures. 
It  has  a  handsome  church,  and  an  infirmary  for  sick  poor. 

Wiv'enhoe,  a  maritime  town  and  parish  of  England, 
CO.  of  Essex,  on  the  Colne,  4i  miles  S.E.  of  Colchester.  Pop. 
2123.  Here  is  a  custom-bouse,  subordinate  to  Colchester,  of 
which  AVivenhoe  is  regarded  as  the  port.  Large  quantities 
of  oysters  are  here  shipped. 

Wix'om,  a  post-hamlet  of  Oakland  co.,  Mich.,  on  tba 
Flint  &  Pere  Marquette  Railro.ad,  35  miles  W.N.W.  of  Do 
troit.  It  has  a  church,  a  machine-shop,  2  stores,  a  hotel, 
and  about  25  houses. 

Wizna,  ^iz'ni,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  government 
of  Suvalki,  60  miles  S.S.W.  of  Augustovo,  on  the  Narew. 
Pop.  2903. 

Wjatka,  a  city  of  Russia.    See  Viatka. 

Wjelun,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland.    See  AVielun. 

Wkra,  ■^•krl,  or  Wra,  ♦rl,  a  river  of  Poland,  is  formed 
by  the  Soldau  and  Mlawka,  flows  S.AA''.,  and  then  generally 
S.E.,  through  the  government  of  Plock,  and  joins  the  Bug 
15  miles  N.N.E.  of  AVarsaw.     Length,  120  miles. 

Wladimir,  Russia.    See  Vladijieer. 

M'ladislawow,  \5-li'dis-ia'<t^ov,  formerly  Novc-Mi- 
asto,  no'vi-m'yis'to  (Ger.  Jioaterechiitz,  ros'tQr-shiits'),  a 
town  of  Russian  Poland,  government  of  Suvalki,  25  miles 
N.AV.  of  Mariampol,  on  the  Szeszuppe.     Pop.  930G. 

WladislaAVOW,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  government 
and  28  miles  N.E.  of  Kalisz.  It  has  Roman  Catholic  and 
Lutheran  churches,  and  manufactures  of  linen  fabrics. 

Wlasatice,  a  town  of  Moravia.    See  AVostitz. 

Wlaschim,  vli'shim,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  22  miles 
S.S.AV.  of  Kaurzim.  It  has  a  castle,  and  manufactures  of 
woollen  8tufi"s.     Pop.  2184. 

Wloclawek,  ^lots-li'«-5k,  or  WlozlaAvsk,  ^t^lots- 
livsk',  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  government  of  AA^arsaw, 
on  the  Vistula,  30  miles  N.AV.  of  Plock.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  chiccory  and  a  trade  in  grain.     Pop.  12,445. 

Wlodawa,  <^lo-di'\Vi,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  gov- 
ernment of  Lublin,  province  and  72  miles  S.E.  of  Siedlec, 
at  the  confluence  of  the  AVlodawka  with  the  Bug.    P.  6102. 

Wlodzimierz,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Vladijieer. 

WItawa,  the  native  name  of  the  Moldau. 

Woad  (or  Woled,  wo'ied)  Mcdineh,  wo'ld  mA- 
dee'n§h,  a  town  of  Nubia,  in  Sennaar,  on  the  Blue  Nile,  90 
miles  S.E.  of  Khartoom.  It  was  formerly  a  large  place,  but 
is  now  greatly  decayed. 

Woahoo,  one  of  the  Hawaiian  Islands.    See  OAm:. 

Wobbelin,  ^ob'b9h-lcen\  a  village  of  Mecklenburg- 
Schwerin,  18  miles  S.S.E.  of  Schwerin.  The  poet  Kcirner, 
who  fell  at  the  battle  of  Rosenberg,  is  buried  under  a  great 
oak  in  front  of  this  village. 

Wo'burn,  or  Old  Woburn,  a  market-town  and  par- 
ish of  England,  co.  and  13  miles  S.AV^.  of  Bedford,  near  th« 
branch  between  that  town  and  the  London  A  Northwestern 
Railway.  Principal  manufactures,  straw  plait  and  thread 
lace.     Pop.  1605. 

Woburn,  Bond  co..  111.    See  Newport. 

Woburn  (local  pron.  woo'burn),  a  city  of  Middlesex 
CO.,  Mass.,  10  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Boston,  15  miles  S.E.  of 
Lowell,  and  about  17  miles  AV.  by  S.  of  Salem.  It  is  on  a 
branch  of  the  Boston  <fc  Maine  Railroad.     It  contains  7 


WOD 


2848 


WOL 


ohureho«,  a  high  school,  the  M'lirren  Acaduiuy,  2  newspaper 
offioM,  H  natioual  bank,  a  savings-bank,  and  uiiinufuutures 
of  pianos,  shuc^i,  eloctrio  triiin-si^nals,  gluo,  chomical!<,  knit 
goods,  clothing,  belt- knives,  &o.  Its  industry  of  leather 
manuructuring  is  said  to  bo  larger  than  that  of  any  other 
place  in  New  England.  Pop.  in  16M0, 1U,9»1 ;  in  18i)U,  13,40». 

Woda,  wo'd&,  a  villago  of  Japan,  island  of  Kioo-Sioo, 
province  uf  Fizen,  with  a  celebrated  idol  placed  in  a  large 
caninhor-treo  at  its  entrance. 

>\  o<lcni<burv,  a  town  of  England.    See  WKDNKsnunv. 

AV'odniaii,  <^od'ne-in\  a  fortified  town  of  Buhemia,  on 
tho  Blanitz,  12  miles  S.  of  Pisek.     Pop.  4620. 

Wodzislaw,  *od-«is'liv,  a  town  of  Poland,  government 
and  31  miles  S.W.  of  Kielue,  on  tho  Woilzislawa.    P.  1795. 

Woerdcn,  wooit'd^n,  a  walled  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  South  Holland,  ou  the  Old  llhine,  18  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Leydou.     Pop.  3981. 

tVoertli'Sur-Sauer,  vo-ain'-sUu-sS^aiu'  (Ger.  Worth, 
■*out),  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  12  miles  S.W.  of 
AVissembourg.  Pop.  1071.  It  is  noted  as  tho  point  where 
the  first  decisive  encounter  took  place  between  tho  French 
and  Gorman  armies,  August  6,  1870. 

Woesteii,  woos't^n,  a  villago  of  Belgium,  province  of 
West  Flanders,  on  the  Kcmmolboko,  28  miles  S.W.  of 
Brufjes.     Pop,  1241. 

>Vognoinicstetz,  ^og-no-m'yfis'tfits,  a  market-town 
of  Bohemia,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Czaslau.     Pop.  1300. 

Wohlaiij  *o'15w,  a  walled  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  23 
miles  N.W.  of  Breslau,  surrounded  by  small  lakes.  Pop. 
30S4.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollens,  linens,  and  hosiery. 

WohleU)  ^o'lfn,  a  town  and  parish  of  Switzerland, 
canton  of  Aargau,  11  miles  E.S.E.  of  Aarau.     Pop.  2761. 

Wuhlcn,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  4  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Bern,  on  tho  Aar.     Pop.  3182. 

Wukrden,  ■^oR'd^n,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Sleswick- 
Ilolstein,  about  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Rendsburg. 

Woischnik,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Woschxik. 

Wokan,  wo-kin',  one  of  the  Aroo  Islands,  with  a  vil- 
lage of  tho  same  name. 

Wo'king,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  on  the 
Biisingstoke  Canal,  and  with  a  station  on  the  Southwestern 
Kailway,  6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Guildford.     Pop.  6586. 

Wu'kiugham,  or  Oak'ingliam,  a  market-town  of 
England,  cos.  of  Berks  and  Wilts,  on  the  border  of  Windsor 
Forest,  and  on  the  Reading  &  Reigate  Railway,  7  miles  S.E. 
of  Reading.  Pop.  2868,  who  manufacture  shoes,  gauze, 
silks,  malt,  and  flour.  Tho  town  has  a  market-house  and  a 
town  hall.     The  church  is  a  fine  old  edifice. 

Wolabatorsk,  ♦o-li-bi-torsk',  or  Wola-Bator- 
ska,  *o-li-b4-tor'ski,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Galicia,  on 
tho  Vistula,  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cracow.     Pop.  2491. 

Wolanka,  Bohemia.    See  Kaplitz. 

Wolbeck,  ♦ol'bSk,  a  town  of  Prussian  Westphalia,  6 
miles  S.E.  of  Miinster.     Pop.  1400. 

Wolcott,  woSI'kpt,  a  post-township  of  New  Haven  eo.. 
Conn.,  22  miles  S.W.  of  Hartford,  and  about  5  miles  N.E. 
of  Waterbury.     Pop.  491. 

Wolcott,  a  post-oflBce  of  Peoria  co..  III. 

Wolcott,  a  post-village  in  Princeton  township,  White 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  railroad  between  Logansport  and  Kentland, 
36  miles  W.  of  Logansport.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  246. 

Wolcott,  or  VValcott,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co., 
Iowa,  in  Blue  Grass  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Rook  Island 
&  Pacific  Railroad,  12i  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Davenport. 

Wolcott,  a  post-village  in  Wolcott  township,  Wayne 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad, 
25  miles  S.W.  of  Oswego,  and  44  miles  E.  of  Rochester. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  the  Leavenworth  Insti- 
tute, a  newspaper  ofiSce,  a  bank,  a  furnace,  2  grist-mills, 
a  steam  saw-mill,  a  planing-mill,  and  a  box-factory.  Pop. 
about  1000.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake 
Ontario,  and  contains  another  village,  named  Red  Creek. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  3216. 

Wolcott,  a  post-village  in  Wolcott  township,  Lamoille 
CO.,  Vt.,  on  the  Lamoille  River  and  the  Portland  &  Ogdens- 
burg Railroad,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Hyde  Park,  and  about 
24  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
flour-mill,  a  number  of  saw-mills,  and  manufactures  of 
boxes,  butter-tubs,  shingles,  carriages,  &o.  Copper  is  found 
here.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1158. 

Wol'cottsburg,  a  post-village  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
19  miles  N.E.  of  Buffalo,  and  8  miles  S.E.  of  Lookport. 
It  has  general  stores  and  a  pop.  of  about  250. 

Wolcottsville,  wSCl'kpts-vIl,  a  post-village  in  Royal- 
ton  township,  Niagara  oo.,  N.Y.,  about  25  miles  N.E.  of 
Buffalo.  It  has  2  churches,  manufactures  of  cigars,  wagons, 
&c.,  and  general  stores.     Pop.  about  900. 


Wol'cottville,  a  post-village  of  La  Grange  oo.,  Ind., 
in  Johnson  towii.fhip,  on  a  small  lake,  and  on  the  Umiiii 
Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad,  about  Id  niilcn  8.  by  K.  <,{ 
La  Grange,  and  37  miles  N.  by  \V.  of  Fort  Wayne,  li  hiu 
2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  banking-house,  a  uowapnncr 
office,  a  foundry,  a  grist-mill,  2  saw-milln,  2  planingniillH 
manufactures  of  wagons,  and  general  stores.  Pop.  about 
600;  of  the  township,  146S. 

Wolcottvillc,  a  villago  of  Orange  townnhip,  NobU 
CO.,  Ind.,  about  8  miles  N.W.  of  Kendallville.     Pop.  60. 

Woldegk,  ^ol'dik,  a  town  of  (jlermany,  in  the  grund 
duchy  of  .Meok!enburg-.Strelitz,  on  the  Prussian  frontier 
22  miles  N.E.  of  Strclitz.     Pop.  2921. 

Woldenberg,  *ordv>n-b6it(j\  a  walled  town  of  Pruwin, 
province  of  Brandenburg,  on  tho  railway  from  Stettin  to 
Posen,  66  miles  N.E.  of  Frankfort-on-the-Odor.   Pop.408U. 

Wolf,  woolf,  a  post-ofliac  of  Walker  co.,  Ala. 

Wolf,  a  township  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.     Pop.  819. 

Wolfacli,  VVol'fdK,  a  town  of  Batlen,  on  the  Kiniig, 
here  joined  by  tho  Wolfach,  33  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bnden. 

Wolf  Bayou,  bi'oo,  a  post-offico  of  Indopcndcnoo  ec, 
Ark.,  about  13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Batcsvillc. 

Wolfborough,  woSlf'biir-ruh,  a  i)ost-villago  and  sum- 
mer resort  in  Wolfborough  township,  Carroll  co.,  N.ll.,  on 
Lake  AVinnepesaukce,  and  on  tho  Conway  division  of  tlio 
Eastern  Railroad,  108  miles  N.  of  Bo.'ton,  20  miles  S.E.  of 
Centre  Harbor,  and  about  36  miles  N.E.  of  Concord.  It 
has  several  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  new.«p;ipcr  office, 
an  academy,  and  5  hotels,  one  of  which,  the  Pavilion,  is 
first-class.  Tho  village  has  a  beautiful  situation.  The 
township  contains  2  savings-banks,  2  saw-mills,  a  woollen- 
mill,  and  8  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  .■!020. 

Wolfborough  Centre,  a  post-hamlct  of  Carroll  co., 
N.H.,  in  Wolfborough  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  Eaut- 
ern  Railroad,  3  miles  N.E.  of  tno  village  of  Wolfborough. 

Wolfborough  Junction.    See  Sanbor.v'h  Miu.8. 

Wolf  Creek,  Iowa,  runs  eastward  through  Tama  co., 
and  enters  tho  Cedar  River  in  Black  Hawk  co.,  about  17 
miles  below  Waterloo.     It  is  nearly  70  miles  long. 

Wolf  Creek,  Kansas,  runs  souHieastward  through 
Russell  CO.,  and  enters  Saline  River  in  Lincoln  co. 

Wolf  Creek,  Missouri,  rises  in  Sullivan  co.,  and,  flow- 
ing  southward,  falls  into  the  Chariton  River  from  the  right, 
a  few  miles  S.E.  of  Keytesville. 

Wolf  Creek,  of  Montgomery  co.,  0.,  flows  into  tlie 
Miami  River  near  Dayton. 

Wolf  Creek,  of  Summit  co.,  0.,  is  an  affluent  of  the 
Tuscarawas  River. 

Wolf  Creek,  Tennessee,  rises  in  Fentress  co.,  runs 
westward,  and  enters  Ohio's  River  in  Clay  co. 

Wolf  Creek,  Virginia,  rises  in  Tazewell  co.,  runs 
nearly  northeastward,  and  enters  New  River  about  4  miles 
below  Pearisburg. 

Wolf  Creek,  a  post-office  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Ala. 

Wolf  Creek,  a  post-hamlct  of  Pike  co..  Ark.,  about 
30  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Arkadelphia,  and  9  miles  E.  of  Mur- 
freesborough.     It  has  a  general  store. 

Wolf  Creek,  a  post-office  of  AVilcox  co.,  Ga. 

Wolf  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Williamson  co.,  III. 

Wolf  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  Ind.,  t 
miles  S.  of  Plymouth.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-mill. 

Wolf  Creek,  a  post-oflice  of  Meade  co.,  Ky. 

Wolf  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  N.C. 

Wolf  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Mercer  co.,  Pa.  Pop. 
555.     Wolf  Creek  Post-Office  is  at  Pine  Grove. 

Wolf  Creek,  a  post-offico  of  Cocke  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Cincinnati,  Cumberland  Gap  &  Charleston  Railroad,  40 
miles  S.E.  of  Morristown. 

Wolf  Creek,  a  post-offico  of  Monroe  co.,  W.  Va. 

Wolf  Creek,  a  post-offico  of  Polk  co..  Wis. 

Wolf  Dale,  a  post-office  of  Woodbury  co.,  Iowa,  24 
miles  E.  of  Siou.x  City. 

Wolfe,  woSIf,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Kentucky, 
has  an  area  of  about  190  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  Kentucky  River  (or  its  North  Fork)  and  by  lied  llivcr. 
The  surface  is  hilly  or  uneven,  and  is  mostly  covered  with 
forests.  Indian  corn,  butter,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. The  Kentucky  Union  Railroad  touches  the  W.  border 
of  this  county.  Capital,  Campton.  Pop.  in  1870,3603; 
in  1880,  5638;  in  1890,  7180. 

Wolfe,  w6olf,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Quebec,  an- 
ne.Kcd  to  Richmond  for  electoral  purposes,  comprises  an  area 
of  266  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  river  St,  Francis 
and  several  other  streams.     Capital,  Dudswell.    Pop.  8S23. 

Wolfegg,  «-ol'f6k,  a  villago  of  Wurtemberg,  9  milei 
S.S.E.  of  AValdsee.     Pop.  of  commune,  1923. 

Wolfe  Island,  a  large  island  at  the  entrance  to  th* 


WOL 


2849 


WOL 


•iver  St.  Lawrence,  at  the  N.E.  extremity  of  Lake  Ontario. 
tt  divides  tlie  St.  Lawrence  into  two  branches,  both  of  which 
}irc  navigable  for  the  largest  vessels.  The  southern  branch, 
Jiowovor,  is  the  main  channel,  and  the  boundary-lino  of  the 
jUnitcd  States.  Wolf  Island  is  the  queen  of  the  far-famed 
JThousand  Islands.  Its  W.  portion  is  opposite  Kingston. 
Its  coast  is  rather  irregular,  indented  with  ])icturcsque 
ibays.  Its  greatest  width  is  7  uiile?,  and  its  length  about  18 
iiniles.  Area,  30,600  acres.  The  water  around  the  island  is 
liis  clear  as  crystal,  and  abounds  with  salmon,  trout,  whito- 
Ifish,  bass,  pike,  pickerel,  and  inaskinonge.  Pop.  2737. 
i  Wolfe  Island,  a  post-village  on  the  above  island.  In 
[Frontenac  co.,  Ontario,  3  miles  from  Kingston,  with  which 
kity  it  has  regular  communication  by  iorry-stearaer.  It 
(contains  a  grist-mill,  5  or  6  stores,  and  a  light-house.  Ship- 
IbiiiMing  is  largely  engaged  in.  Pop.  500. 
i  Wolfcnbiiltel,  *oir?n-bUtHQl,  a  town  of  Germany, 
Iduchy  and  8  miles  S.  of  Brunswick,  on  the  railway  to  llan- 
iovcr,  and  on  the  Ocker.  Pop.  13,453.  It  consists  of  a 
(citadel,  town  proper,  and  two  suburbs,  and  has  several  fine 
fcluirches,  two  old  castles,  an  arsenal,  a  largo  workhouse,  a 
Iho.spital,  orphan  asylum,  college,  and  various  other  schools, 
iand  a  library  containing  nea,rly  300,000  volumes  and  10,000 

! manuscripts,  also  relics  and  manuscripts  of  Luther.  The 
town  is  the  seat  of  the  superior  law  court  for  the  states  of 
Brunswick,  Waldeck,  and  Lippe,  and  has  manufactures  of 
lacquered  wares,  paper-hangings,  leather,  and  tobacco,  a 
itrade  in  corn  and  linen  yarn,  and  5  annual  fairs. 
I  Wolfenschiess,  ^ol'fen-sheess^  a  village  and  parish 
(of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Unterwalden,  on  the  Aa,  7  miles 
JE.X.E.  of  Sarnen.     Pop.  1164. 

i     Wol'fert's,  astation  in  Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  on  a  branch 
|of  the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Swedcsborough. 

Wolf  Glade,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Va. 
i     Wolfhageii,  \^oirhi'Ghen,  a  town  of  Germany,  IIcsso- 
Nassau,  14  miles  W.  of  Casse'l.     Pop.  2712.     It  is  enclosed 
by  walls,  and  has  manufactures  of  woollens  and  linens. 

Wolfhalden,  ^olfhirden,  a  village  and  parish  of 
Switzerland,  canton  of  Appenzell,  on  the  borders  of  the 
Rhcinthal,  9  miles  B.N.E.  of  St.  Gall.     Pop.  3402. 

Wolf  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y. 

Wolf  Island,  a  small  island  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Law- 
rence, near  the  Saguenay  coast. 

Wolf  Island,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mississippi  co.,  Mo., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  7  miles  below  Belmont. 

Wolf  Islands,  a  group  of  islands  in  Passamaquoddy 
I  Bay,  New  Brunswick,  N.  of  Grand  Manan  Island.  The 
i  most  northern  is  in  lat.  44°  59'  N.,  Ion.  66°  41'  W. 

Wolf  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Noble  co.,  Ind.,  about  30 
miles  N.W.  of  Fort  Wayne.     It  has  a  church. 

Wolf  3Iountain,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  N.C. 

Wolf  Pen,  a  station  in  Doddridge  co.,  W.  Va.,  on  the 
Middle  Island  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Smithton. 

Wolf  Pit,  a  township  of  Richmond  co.,  N.C.    P.  1239. 

Wolf  Pond,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  N.C. 

Wolfratshausen,*ol'frits-h6w'i5n,  a  market-town  of 
Upper  Bavaria,  on  the  Loisach,  17  miles  S.S.W.  of  Munich. 
It  has  a  glass-factory  and  a  coal-mine.     Pop.  1821. 

Wolf  River,  Kansas,  rises  in  Brown  co.  by  several 
forks,  flows  E.  and  N.E.  through  Doniphan  co.,  and  joins 
the  Missouri  River. 

Wolf  River,  Mississippi,  rises  in  Marion  co.,  flows 
S.S.E.,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  in  Harrison  co. 

Wolf  River  rises  in  Benton  co..  Miss.,  and  passes  into 
Tennessee,  running  nearly  westward  through  the  cos.  of 
Fayette  and  Shelby,  and  entering  the  Mississippi  River 
about  1  mile  above  Memphis.     It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Wolf  River,  Wisconsin,  rises  in  Oconto  co.,  and  runs 
southward  through  the  cos.  of  Shawano  and  Outagamie. 
After  it  has  passed  through  Poygan  Lake,  it  enters  Fox 
River,  near  Winneconne,  about  10  miles  above  Oshkosh. 
It  is  nearly  200  miles  long.  It  is-stated  that  steamboats 
can  ascend  it  100  miles.  It  traverses  extensive  forests  of 
pine,  and  is  the  channel  of  a  large  trade  in  lumber. 

Wolf  River,  a  township  of  Doniphan  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  about  3000. 

Wolf  River,  township,  Winnebago  co.,  Wis.   Pop.  877. 

Wolf  Run,  Lycoming  co..  Pa.     See  Pe.vnsvii.lb. 

Wolf  Run,  a  post-office  of  Marshall  co.,  W.  Va. 

Wolfsberg,  *olfs'binc,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Carinthia, 
30  miles  N.E.  of  Klagenfurth,  with  a  castle.     Pop.  2022. 

Wolfsburg,  woolfs'biirg.  a  post-hamlet  of  Bo<lford  co., 
Pa.,  on  the  Bedford  division  of  the  Pennsylvonia  Railroad, 
8  miles  N.AV.  of  Bedford.     It  has  a  grist-mill.         _  ,_^, 

Wolf'scrapc,  a  township  of  Duphn  co.,  N.C.    P.  1025. 

WolPs  (wOOlfs)  Crossing,  a  post-office  of  Burnet  00., 
Tex.,  on  the  Colorado  River,  60  miles  N.W.  of  Austin. 


Wolf's  Mill,  a  post-offlco  of  Hunt  co.,  Tex. 

WolPs  Station,  a  po«t-hamlct  of  Tuscaruwaa  co.,  C, 
on  the  Marietta,  Pittsburg  Jc  Cleveland  Railroad,  14  milM 
S.S.W.  of  New  Philadelphia.     It  has  2  churches. 

WolPs  Store,  a  post-office  of  Centre  oo..  Pa.,  about  14 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Lock  Haven. 

Wolfstein,  ^olfstine,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Bavaria,  on 
the  Lauter,  11  miles  N.N.W.  of  Kaiserslautom.  It  hoa 
mines  of  coal  and  mercury.     Pop.  1045. 

Wolfstown,  woolfs'town,  a  post-village  in  Wolfe  oo., 
Quebec,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Somerset,  It  contains  a  cburcU 
and  several  stores.     Pop.  100. 

Wolf  Sum'niit,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Harrison 
CO.,  W.  Va.,  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  Railroad,  8  miles  W. 
of  Clarksburg. 

Wolfsville,  wSSlfs'vIl,  a  post-village  of  Frederick  oo., 
Md.,  about  11  miles  E.S.E.  of  llagorstown.  It  baa  3  stores, 
a  grist-mill,  ic.     Pop.  about  150. 

Wolfsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  oo.,  N.O., about  25 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Charlotte.  It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 
Gold  is  found  near  this  place. 

Wolftown,  wSoirtown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jladison  co., 
Va.,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Qordonsville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Wolf  Trap,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Halifax  co., 
Va.,  on  the  Richmond  &  Danville  Railroad,  3G  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Danville. 

Wolfville,  wSolPvil  (formerly  CornivaI'lis),  a  sea- 
port town  of  Nova  Scoti.a,  co.  of  Kings,  at  the  entrance  of 
Cornwallis  River  into  Minas  Bay,  and  on  a  railway,  18 
miles  from  Windsor,  and  61  miles  from  Halifax.  It  is  tho 
scat  of  Acadia  College  and  of  tho  Horton  Academy,  both 
under  the  control  of  the  Baptists,  and  contains  4  churches, 
a  female  seminary,  a  branch  bank,  a  saw-mill,  a  number 
of  stores,  and  several  hotels.  Ship-building  is  largely  en- 
gaged in.     Wolfville  is  a  port  of  entry.     Pop.  900. 

W'olga,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  V01.OA. 

Wolgast,  ■^ol'gist,  a  seaport  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pome- 
rania,  33  miles  S.E.  of  Stralsund,  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Pecno  in  the  Baltic.  Pop.  725S.  It  has  ship-yards,  manu- 
factures of  soap,  tobacco,  and  leather,  and  a  good  trade. 

Wolgsk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Volsk. 

Wolhynia,  Russia.    See  VoLHy.viA. 

Wolin,  \^o'lin,  a  market-town  of  Bohemia,  13  miles 
S.AV.  of  Pisck,  on  the  Wolinka.     Pop.  2558. 

W^olkcnstcin,  ■A-ol'kQn-stine',  a  town  of  Saxony,  with 
a  castle,  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Chemnitz.     Pop.  2242. 

Wolkersdorf,  -^ol'k^rs-dour,  a  market-town  of  Lower 
Austria,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Korneuburg.     Pop.  2149. 

Wolkhow,  a  river  of  Russi.a.     Sec  Volkhov. 

Wolkowisk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Volkovisk. 

Wol'laston,  a  post-village  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  on  tho 
Old  Colony  Railroad,  at  Wollaston  Heights  Station,  7  miloa 
S.  of  Boston.  It  has  several  churches,  an  iron-foundry,  4c. 
It  is  included  in  the  city  of  Quiney. 

Wol'laston  Island,  a  considerable  island  lying  N.of 
Cape  Horn  Island  and  S.  of  Terra  del  Fuego. 

Wol'laston  Laud,  British  North  America,  Arctic 
Ocean,  W.  of  Victoria  Land.  Tho  W.  point  is  in  lat.  70" 
N.,  Ion.  117°  W.,  and  is  separated  from  tho  mainland  bv 
Dolphin  and  Union  Straits. 

Wollerau,  *ol'l?h-row\  a  village  of  Switxerland,  can- 
ton and  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Schwytz.     Pop.  1370. 

Wollhausen-Wiggcrn,  ^ol'how'z^n-^ig'gh^rn,  ■ 
village  and  parish  of  Switzerland,  10  miles  W.  of  Lucerne, 
on  the  Emmen.     Pop.  1558. 

Wollin,  <^ol-leen',  a  small  seaport  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Pomerania,  29  miles  N.  of  Stettin,  on  tho  Dievcnow,  and  on 
an  island  formed  by  the  latter  at  its  mouth  in  the  Baltic, 
connected  by  bridges  with  the  mainland.  Pop.  6222.  It 
has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  and  ship-building  docks. 

Wollin,  an  island  of  Prussia,  one  of  those  on  tho  N, 
side  of  the  Great  llaff  (a  portion  of  the  Stettinor-Hnff), 
between  it  and  the  Baltic,  is  of  irregular  shape,  bounded 
E.  by  the  Dievcnow  and  W.  by  the  Swine.  Length,  20 
miles;  breadth,  from  3  to  10  miles. 

Wollishofen,  *oriis-ho'f?n,  a  village  and  narish  of 
Switzerland,  canton  and  2  miles  S.S.W.  of  Zurich,  on  the 
W.  bank  of  tho  lake.  A  fierce  struggle  took  place  here  in 
1799  between  the  French  and  the  Prussians.     Pop.  1200. 

Wollmirstfldt,  ftoU'mir-stitt',  a  walled  town  of  Prus- 
sian Saxony,  on  the  Ohro,  8  miles  N.  of  Mag.leburg,  with 
which  it  is  connected  by  railway.  Pop.  SiUS.  It  h.ni  a 
castle,  manufactures  of  linens,  cotton  goods,  ribbons,  and 
leather,  and  a  trade  in  corn  and  cattle. 

Wollnzach,  a  town  of  Bavaria.     See  WoLKXACH. 

Wollomba,  \^oriom'bl,  a  river  of  Now  South  V(a\m, 
00.  of  Gloucester,  flows  S.E.,  and  enters  Wallis  Lake. 


WOD 


2848 


WOL 


chureho«,  a  high  school,  the  Wiirren  Acaduiuy,  2  newspaper 
offioes,  a  nutiuual  bank,  a  savings-bunk,  and  uianufautures 
of  pianos,  shoe:),  olectrio  truin-signals,  gluo,  chemicalti,  knit 
gooils,  clothing,  belt-knivcsi,  Ac.  Its  industry  of  leather 
manufacturing  is  said  to  be  larger  than  that  of  any  other 
plaoe  in  Now  England.  Pop.  in  1880,  lO.O.Hl ;  in  1890, 13,49». 

Woda^  wo'd&,  a  villago  of  Japan,  island  of  Kioo-Sioo, 
province  of  Fi7.cn,  with  a  celebrated  idol  placed  in  a  large 
o.imi)hor-trco  at  its  eiitranoe. 

>\  odciiMburVt  (^  town  of  England.    See  Wrdhrbiiura'. 

WodniHii,  ^od'ne-&n^  a  fortified  town  of  Buhotnia,  on 
the  Uliinit/.,  12  luiles  S.  of  Pisuk.     Pop.  462C. 

Wodzislaw,  ^od-zis'l&v,  a  town  of  Poland,  government 
and  ;U  miles  S.W.  of  Kielco,  on  the  Wotlzislawa.    P.  1795. 

Woerden,  wooii'd^n,  a  walled  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  South  Holland,  on  the  Old  Hhine,  18  miles  E.S.E.  of 
Leyden.     Pop.  3981. 

iVocrth-sur-Sauer,  vo-aiu'-gliu-s5'aiu'  {Qer.  Worth, 
♦out),  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  12  miles  S.W.  of 
AVissembourg.  Pop.  1071.  It  is  noted  as  the  point  whore 
the  first  decisive  encounter  took  plaoe  between  the  French 
and  Gorman  armies,  August  6,  1870. 

WoestCD)  woos't^n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of 
West  Flanders,  on  the  Kcmmolboke,  28  miles  S.W.  of 
Bruges.     Pop.  1241. 

\>  ognomicstetz,  ^og-no-m'yfis'tfits,  a  market-town 
of  Bohemia,  30  miles  S.E.  of  Czaslau.     Pop.  1300. 

Wohlnii,  *o'low,  a  walled  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  23 
miles  N.W.  of  Breslau,  surrounded  by  small  lakes.  Pop. 
3034.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollens,  linens,  and  hosier^-. 

Wohlen,  ^o'l^n,  a  town  and  parish  of  Switzerland, 
canton  of  Aargau,  11  miles  E.S.E.  of  Aarau.     Pop.  2761. 

M'ohlen,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  4  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Born,  on  the  Aar.     Pop.  3182. 

Wiikrden,  ^oR'd^n,  a  village  of  Prussia,  in  Sleswick- 
Ilolstein,  about  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Rendsburg. 

Woischnik,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Woschxik. 

Wokan,  wo-kin',  one  of  the  Aroo  Islands,  with  a  vil- 
lage of  the  same  name. 

Wo'king,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Surrey,  on  the 
Basingstoke  Canal,  and  with  a  station  on  the  Southwestern 
Railway,  6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Guildford.     Pop.  6586. 

Wo'kinghani)  or  Oak'ingham,  a  market-town  of 
England,  cos.  of  Berks  and  Wilts,  on  the  border  of  Windsor 
Forest,  and  on  the  Reading  &  lleigate  Railway,  7  miles  S.E. 
of  Heading.  Pop.  2868,  who  manufacture  shoes,  gauze, 
Filks,  malt,  and  flour.  Tho  town  has  a  market-house  and  a 
town  hall.    The  church  is  a  fine  old  edifice. 

Wolabatorsk,  *o-li-bi-torsk',  or  Wola-Bator- 
ska,  <^o-li-b4-tor'ski,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Galicia,  on 
the  Vistula,  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cracow.     Pop.  2491. 

Wolanka,  Bohemia.    See  Kaplitz. 

Wolbeck,  ^ol'bSk,  a  town  of  Prussian  Westphalia,  6 
miles  S.E.  of  Munster.     Pop.  1400. 

Wolcottj  wool'k9t,  a  post-township  of  New  Haven  co.. 
Conn.,  22  miles  S.AV.  of  Hartford,  and  about  5  miles  N.E. 
of  Waterbury.     Pop.  491, 

Wolcott,  a  post-ofiice  of  Peoria  co.,  HI. 

Wolcott,  a  post- village  in  Princeton  township.  White 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  the  railroad  between  Logansport  and  Kentland, 
36  miles  W.  of  Logansport.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  246. 

Wolcott,  or  Walcott,  a  post-village  of  Scott  co., 
Iowa,  in  Blue  Grass  township,  on  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island 
&  Pacific  Railroad,  12i  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Davenport. 

Wolcott,  a  post-village  in  Wolcott  township,  Wayne 
CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Rome,  Watertown  &  Ogdensburg  Railroad, 
25  miles  S.W.  of  Oswego,  and  44  miles  E.  of  Rochester. 
It  has  4  churches,  a  graded  school,  the  Leavenworth  Insti- 
tute, a  newspaper  ofSce,  a  bank,  a  furnace,  2  grist-mills, 
a  steam  saw-mill,  a  planing-mill,  and  a  box-factory.  Pop. 
about  1000.  The  township  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake 
Ontario,  and  contains  another  village,  named  Red  Creek. 
Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  3216. 

Wolcott,  a  post-village  in  Wolcott  township,  Lamoille 
CO.,  Vt.,  on  the  Lamoille  River  and  the  Portland  &  Ogdens- 
burg Ilailroad,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  Hyde  Park,  and  about 
24  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  2  churches,  a 
flour-mill,  a  number  of  saw-mills,  and  manufactures  of 
boxes,  butter-tubs,  shingles,  carriages,  &o.  Copper  is  found 
here.     Pop.  of  the  townehip  in  1890,  1158. 

Wol'cottsburg,  a  post-village  of  Erie  co.,  N.Y.,  about 
19  miles  N.E.  of  Buffalo,  and  8  miles  S.E.  of  Lockport. 
It  has  general  stores  and  a  pop.  of  about  250. 

Wolcottsville,  wo61'k9ts-vil,  a  post-village  in  Royal- 
ton  township,  Niagara  oo.,  N.Y.,  about  25  miles  N.E.  of 
Buffalo.  It  has  2  churches,  manufactures  of  cigars,  wagons, 
&e.,  and  general  stores.     Pop.  about  900. 


Wol'cottvillP,  a  post-villoRe  of  La  Orongo  oo.,  Ind. 
in  Johnson  township,  on  a  small  lake,  and  on  IbeilrBini 
Rapids  &,  Indiiina  Railroad,  about  10  inileit  g.  by  K   <  ' 
La  Orange,  and  37  mile.'!  N.  by  W.  of  Fort  Wayne.    It  j, , 
2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  banking-houxc,  a  nowsiiinn'r  i 
office,  a  foundry,  a  grist-mill,  2  naw-mills,  2  plaiiirig-niillA   1 
manufaoturcB  of  wagons,  and  general  stores.     Pop   about  ' 
600;  of  tho  township,  1468. 

Wolcottvillc,  a  villago  of  Orange  township,  Nol;, 
CO.,  Ind.,  about  8  miles  N.W.  of  Kendallville.     Pop.  80. 

Woldegk,  *ol'd6k,  a  town  of  Germany,  in  the  grmil 
duchy  of  Mccklenburg-Strclitz,  on  the  Prussian  frontiii 
22  miles  N.E.  of  Strelitz.     Pop.  2921. 

Woldenberg,  «-ord?n-bii((i\  a  walled  town  of  Prusn  . 
province  of  Brandenburg,  on  tho  railway  tVoin  Stettin  i 
Posen,  66  miles  N.E.  of  Fraiikfort-on-the-Odcr.   Pop,40f' 

Wolf,  woolf,  a  post-oftiao  of  \\'alkcr  co.,  Ala, 

Wolf,  a  township  of  Lycoming  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  819. 

Wolfach,  Vvol'flK,  a  town  of  Baden,  on  the  Kinr.i-, 
here  joined  by  tho  Wolfach,  33  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bnden. 

Wolf  liayou,  bi'oo,  a  post-otKco  of  Indopcndenoo  c 
Ark.,  about  13  miles  W.S.W.  of  Batcsvillc. 

Wolfborough,wo6irbar-ruh,  a  post-village  nnd  sum- 
mer re-sort  in  AVolfborough  township,  Carroll  co.,  N.ll.,  on 
Lake  Winncpesaukec,  and  on  the  Conway  diviKion  of  tlio 
Eastern  Railroad,  108  miles  N.  of  Boston,  20  milcii  S.E.  of 
Centre  Harbor,  and  about  36  mile;!  N.E.  of  Concord.  It 
has  several  churches,  a  national  bank,  a  ncw.'>p:iper  office, 
an  academy,  and  5  hotels,  one  of  which,  the  Pavilion,  ii 
first-class.  The  village  has  a  beautiful  situation.  The 
township  contains  2  savings-banks,  2  saw-mills,  a  woollen- 
mill,  and  8  churches.     Pop.  of  the  township,  .'!020. 

Wolf  borough  Centre,  a  post-hamlct  of  Carroll  co., 
N.H.,  in  Wolfborough  township,  on  a  branch  of  the  East, 
em  Railroad,  3  miles  N.E.  of  tne  village  of  Wolfborough. 

Wolfborough  Junction.    See  Sanbor.v's  Milia. 

Wolf  Creek,  Iowa,  runs  eastward  through  Tama  co., 
and  enters  the  Cedar  River  in  Black  Hawk  co.,  about  17 
miles  below  Waterloo.     It  is  nearly  70  miles  long. 

Wolf  Creek,  Kansas,  runs  southeastward  through 
Russell  CO.,  and  enters  Saline  River  in  Lincoln  co. 

Wolf  Creek,  Missouri,  rises  in  Sullivan  co.,  and,  flow, 
ing  southward,  falls  into  the  Chariton  River  from  the  right, 
a  few  miles  S.E.  of  Keytesville. 

Wolf  Creek,  of  Montgomery  co.,  0.,  flows  into  the 
Miami  River  near  Dayton. 

Wolf  Creek,  of  Summit  co.,  0.,  is  an  affluent  of  tb« 
Tuscarawas  River. 

Wolf  Creek,  Tennessee,  rises  in  Fentress  co.,  runi 
westward,  and  enters  Obie's  River  in  Clay  co. 

Wolf  Creek,  Virginia,  rises  in  Tazewell  co.,  rnot 
nearly  northeastward,  and  enters  New  River  about  4  milei 
below  Pearisburg, 

Wolf  Creek,  a  post-office  of  St.  Clair  co.,  Ala. 

Wolf  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pike  co..  Ark.,  about 
30  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Arkadelphia,  and  9  miles  E.  of  Mur- 
freesborough.     It  has  a  general  store. 

Wolf  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Wilcox  co.,  Ga. 

Wolf  Creek,  a  j)ost-offico  of  AVilliamson  co..  111. 

Wolf  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  Ind.,  ( 
miles  S.  of  Plymouth.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flour-milL 

Wolf  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Meade  co.,  Ky. 

Wolf  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Cherokee  co.,  N.C. 

Wolf  Creek,  a  post-township  of  Mercer  co.,  Pa.  Pop. 
555.     Wolf  Creek  Post-Offiee  is  at  Pine  Grove. 

Wolf  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Cocke  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Cincinnati,  Cumberland  Gap  &  Charleston  Railroad,  40 
miles  S.E.  of  Morristown. 

Wolf  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Monroe  co.,  W.  Vo. 

Wolf  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Polk  co.,  Wis. 

Wolf  Dale,  a  post-office  of  Woodbury  oo.,  Iowa,  M 
miles  E.  of  Sioux  City. 

Wolfe,  woolf,  a  county  in  the  E.  part  of  Kentucky, 
has  an  area  of  about  190  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by 
the  Kentucky  River  (or  its  North  Fork)  and  by  Red  River. 
The  surface  is  hilly  or  uneven,  and  i.s  mostly  covered  with 
forests.  Indian  corn,  butter,  and  pork  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. The  Kentucky  Union  Railroad  touches  the  W.  border 
of  this  county.  Capital,  Campton.  Pop.  in  1870,  3603j 
in  1880,  5638;  in  1890,  7180. 

Wolfe,  w661f,  a  county  in  the  S.AV.  part  of  Quebec,  an- 
nexed to  Richmond  for  electoral  purposes,  comprises  an  area 
of  266  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  river  St.  Francis 
and  several  other  streams.     Capital,  Dudswell,    Pop.  8823. 

Wolfegg,  «-ol'fSk,  a  villago  of  Wurtemberg,  9  milei 
S.S.E.  of  Waldsee.     Pop.  of  commune,  1923. 

Wolfe  Island,  a  large  island  at  the  entrance  to  tha 


WOL 


2849 


WOL 


iver  St.  Lawrence,  nt  the  N.E.  extremity  of  Lake  Ontario. 
t  JiviJoa  the  St.  Lawrence  into  two  branches,  both  of  which 
re  navigable  for  the  hirgcst  vessels.  The  southern  branch, 
lowevcr,  is  the  main  channel,  and  the  boundary -line  of  the 
nitcd  States.  Wolf  Island  is  the  queen  of  the  far-famed 
housand  Islands.  Its  W.  portion  is  opposite  Kingston, 
'its  coiist  is  rather  irregular,  indented  with  j)icturesque 
bays.  Its  greatest  width  is  7  miles,  and  its  length  about  18 
miles.  Area,  HO,COO  acres.  The  water  around  the  island  is 
as  clear  as  crystal,  and  abounds  with  salmon,  trout,  whito- 
fish,  bass,  j)iko,  pickerel,  and  maskinongc.     Pop,  2737. 

Wolfe  Island,  a  post-village  on  the  above  island,  in 
Frontenac  co.,  Ontario,  3  miles  from  Kingston,  with  which 
city  it  has  regular  communication  by  i'orry-stcaraer.  It 
contains  a  grist-mill,  5  or  6  stores,  and  a  light-house.  Ship- 
building is  largely  eng.aged  in.     Pop.  500. 

Wolfcnbiittel,  ^oirQn-bUtH?!,  a  town  of  Germany, 
duchy  and  8  miles  S.  of  Brunswick,  on  the  railway  to  Han- 
over, and  on  the  Ocker.  Pop.  13,453.  It  consists  of  a 
Icitadel,  town  proper,  and  two  suburbs,  and  has  several  fine 
[churches,  two  old  castles,  an  arsenal,  a  largo  workhouse,  a 
jhospital,  orphan  asylum,  college,  and  various  other  schools, 
land  a  library  containing  nearly  300,000  volumes  and  10,000 
manuscripts,  also  relics  and  manuscripts  of  Luther.  The 
town  is  the  seat  of  the  superior  law  court  for  the  states  of 
Brunswick,  Waldeck,  and  Lippe,  and  has  manufactures  of 
lacquered  wares,  paper-hangings,  leather,  and  tobacco,  a 
iToAo  in  corn  and  linen  yarn,  and  5  annual  fairs. 

Wolfenschiess,  *ol'f§n-shoess\  a  village  and  parish 
of  Switzerland,  canton  of  Unterwalden,  on  the  Aa,  7  miles 
E.N.B.  of  Sarnen.     Pop.  1164. 

Wol'fert's,  a  station  in  Gloucester  co.,  N.J.,  on  a  branch 
of  the  AVest  Jersey  Railroad,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Swedesborough. 
I     Wolf  Glade,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Va. 
I     Wolf  hngeii,  <^olf'h3,*Ghcn,  a  town  of  Germany,  Hesse- 
Nassau,  14  miles  W.  of  Cassel.     Pop.  2712.     It  is  enclosed 
by  walls,  and  has  manufactures  of  woollens  and  linens. 
I     Woifhalden,  •<^olf  hidden,  a  village  and  parish  of 
:  Switzerland,  canton  of  Appenzell,  on  the  borders  of  the 
'Rheinthal.  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  St.  Gall.     Pop.  3402. 
i     Wolf  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Albany  co.,  N.Y. 

Wolf  Island,  a  small  island  in  the  Gulf  of  St.  Law- 
rence, near  the  Saguenay  coast. 

Wolf  Island,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mississippi  co.,  Mo., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  7  miles  below  Belmont. 

Wolf  Islands,  a  group  of  islands  in  Passamaquoddy 
Bay,  New  Brunswick,  N.  of  Grand  Manan  Island.     The 
[most  northern  is  in  lat.  44°  59'  N.,  Ion.  66°  41'  W. 
i     Wolf  Lake,  a  post-hamlet  of  Noble  co.,  Ind.,  about  30 
I  miles  N.W.  of  Fort  AVayne.     It  has  a  church. 
I     Wolf  Mountain,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  N.C. 
\     Wolf  Pen,  a  station  in  Doddridge  co.,  AV.  Va.,  on  the 
'  Middle  Island  Railroad,  7  miles  S.  of  Smithton. 
I      Wolf  Pit,  a  township  of  Richmond  co.,  N.C.    P.  1239. 
I     Wolf  Pond,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  N.C. 
\     Wolfratshausen,*orfrAts-how'z?n,  a  market-town  of 
I  Upper  Bavaria,  on  the  Loisach,  17  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Munich, 
I  It  has  a  glass-factory  and  a  coal-mine.     Pop.  1821. 
j     Wolf  River,  Kansas,  rises  in  Brown  co.    by  several 
'  forks,  flows  E.  and  N,E.  through  Doniphan  CO.,  and  joins 
f  the  Missouri  River. 

j     Wolf  River,  Mississippi,  rises  in  Marion  eo.,  flows 

S.S.E.,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  in  Harrison  co. 

f     Wolf  River  rises  in  Benton  co..  Miss.,  and  passes  into 

1  Tennessee,  running  nearly  westward  through  the  cos.  of 

Fayette  and  Shelby,  and  entering  the  Mississippi  River 

about  1  mile  above  Memphis.     It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Wolf  River,  AVisconsin,  rises  in  Oconto  co.,  and  runs 

southward  through  the  cos.  of  Shawano  and  Outagamie. 

After  it  has  passed  through  Poygan  Lake,  it  enters  Fo.^ 

River,  near  AVinneconne,  about  10  miles  above  Oshkosh. 

It  is  nearly  200  miles  long.     It  is-stated  that  steamboats 

can  ascend  it  100  miles.     It  traverses  extensive  forests  of 

pine,  and  is  the  channel  of  a  large  trade  in  lumber. 

Wolf  River,  a  township  of  Doniphan  co.,  Kansas. 
Pop.  about  3000. 
Wolf  River,  township,  Winnebago  co..  Wis.   Pop.  877. 
Wolf  Rim,  Lycoming  co..  Pa.     See  Penssville. 
Wolf  Run,  a  ))ost-office  of  Marshall  co.,  AV.  Va. 
Wolfsberg,  ^^olfs'biac,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Carinthia, 
30  miles  N.E.  of  Klagenfurth,  with  a  castle.     Pop.  2022. 

Wolfsburg,  woolfs'bnrg.a  post-hamlct  of  Bedford  co.. 

Pa.,  on  the  Bedford  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad, 

8  miles  N.AV.  of  Bedford.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Wolf'scrapc,  a  township  of  Duplin  co.,  N.C.    P.  1025. 

Wolf's  (woOlfg)  Crossing,  a  post-office  of  Burnet  CO., 

Tex.,  on  the  Colorado  River,  60  miles  N.AV,  of  Austin, 


Wolf's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Hunt  co.,  Tex, 

WolPs  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  C, 
on  the  Marietta,  Pittsburg  <lc  Cleveland  Railroad,  15  mile« 
S.S.AV.  of  New  Philadelphia.     It  has  2  churches, 

WolPs  Store,  a  post-office  of  Centre  co,.  Pa.,  about  U 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Lock  Haven. 

Wolfstein,  ^olfstine,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Bavaria,  on 
the  Lauter,  11  miles  N.N.AV.  of  Kaiserslautorn.  It  haa 
mines  of  coal  and  mercury.     Pop.  1045. 

Wolfstown,  woolfs'town,  a  post-village  in  AVolfo  co., 
Quebec,  24  miles  S.E.  of  Somerset,  It  contains  a  church 
and  several  stores.     Pop.  100. 

Wolf  Suni'niit,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Harrison 
CO.,  AV,  A'^a.,  on  the  Baltimore  <t  Ohio  Railroad,  8  miles  AV. 
of  Clarksburg. 

Wolfsville,  wSolfs'vIl,  a  post-village  of  Frederick  oo., 
Md.,  about  11  miles  E.S.E.  of  Hagorstown.  It  has  3  stores, 
a  grist-mill,  <tc.     Pop.  about  150. 

Wolfsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  oo.,  N.C, about  25 
miles  S.  by  E.  of  Charlotte.  It  has  a  church  and  2  stores. 
Gold  is  found  near  this  place, 

Wolftown,  wCoirtown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Madison  co,, 
\''a.,  20  miles  N,AV,  of  Gordonsville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Wolf  Trap,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Halifax  co., 
Va.,  on  the  Richmond  A  Danville  Railroad,  30  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Danville. 

Wolfville,  wSolf  vil  (formerly  Cornwal'lis),  a  sea- 
poi-t  town  of  Nova  Scotia,  co.  of  Kings,  at  the  entrance  of 
Cornwallis  River  into  Minas  Bay,  and  on  a  railway,  18 
miles  from  AVindsor,  and  61  miles  from  Halifax.  It  is  tho 
seat  of  Acadia  College  and  of  tho  Ilorton  Academy,  both 
under  the  control  of  tho  Baptists,  and  contains  4  churches, 
a  female  seminary,  a  branch  bank,  a  saw-mill,  a  number 
of  stores,  and  several  hotels.  Ship-building  is  largely  en- 
gaged in.     AVolfville  is  a  port  of  entry.     Pop.  900. 

Wolga,  a  river  of  Russia.    See  Volga. 

Wolgast,  ■ftol'gilst,  a  seaport  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pome- 
rania,  33  miles  S.E.  of  Stralsund,  near  the  mouth  of  the 
Peene  in  the  Baltic.  Pop.  7258.  It  has  ship-yards,  manu- 
factures of  soap,  tobacco,  and  leather,  and  a  good  trade. 

Wolgsk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Volsk. 

W^olhynia,  Russia.    See  VoLuyNiA. 

Wolin,  ^o'lin,  a  market-town  of  Bohemia,  18  miles 
S.AV.  of  Pisck,  on  the  AVoIinka.     Pop.  2558. 

Wolkenstcin,  ■*ol'kcn-stino\  a  town  of  Saxony,  with 
a  castle.  14  miles  S.S.E.  of  Chemnitz.     Pop.  2242. 

Wolkersdorf,  ^^ol'k^rs-dour,  a  market-town  of  Lower 
Austria,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Korneuburg.     Pop.  2149. 

Wolkhow,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Volkhov. 

Wolkowisk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  A'olkovisk. 

Wol'laston,  a  post-village  of  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Old  Colony  Railroad,  at  Wollaston  Heights  Station,  7  miles 
S.  of  Boston.  It  has  several  churches,  an  iron-foundry,  &c. 
It  is  included  in  the  city  of  Quincy. 

Wol'laston  Island,  a  considerable  island  lying  N.  of 
Cape  Horn  Island  and  S.  of  Terra  del  Fuego. 

Wol'laston  Land,  British  North  America,  Arctic 
Ocean,  AV.  of  Victoria  Land.  The  AV,  point  is  in  lat.  70° 
N.,  Ion.  117°  W.,  and  is  separated  from  the  mainland  bv 
Dolphin  and  Union  Straits. 

Wollerou,  A^ol'leh-row',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton and  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Schwytz.     Pop.  1370. 

Wollhausen-Wiggern,  <t^orhow'z(?n-«^ig'gh?rn,  s 
village  and  parish  of  Switzerland,  10  milea  AA'^,  of  Lucerne, 
on  the  Emmen.     Pop.  1558. 

Wollin,  ■ft'ol-Ieen',  a  small  seaport  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Pomerania,  29  miles  N.  of  Stettin,  on  tho  Dievenow,  and  on 
an  island  formed  by  the  latter  at  its  mouth  in  the  Baltic, 
connected  by  bridges  with  the  mainland.  Pop,  5222,  It 
has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  and  ship-building  docks, 

Wollin,  an  island  of  Prussia,  one  of  those  on  tho  N. 
side  of  tho  Great  llafi"  (a  portion  of  the  Stettiner-Hafl"), 
between  it  and  the  Baltic,  is  of  irregular  shape,  bounded 
E.  by  the  Dievcflow  and  AV,  by  the  Swine,  Length,  20 
miles;  breadth,  from  3  to  10  miles, 

Wollishofen,  <^oriis-ho*f?n,  a  village  and  narish  of 
Switzerland,  canton  and  2  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Zurich,  on  the 
AV.  bank  of  the  lake.  A  fierce  struggle  took  place  here  in 
1799  between  tho  French  and  the  Prussians.     Pop.  1200. 

Wolimirstftdt,  *oirmir-st6tt%  a  walled  town  of  Prus- 
sian Saxony,  on  the  Ohre,  8  miles  N.  of  Magdeburg,  with 
which  it  is  connected  by  railway.  Pop.  Si'JS.  It  hat  a 
castle,  manufactures  of  linens,  cotton  goods,  ribbons,  and 
leather,  and  a  trade  in  corn  and  cattle. 

Wollnzach,  a  town  of  Bavaria.    See  AVoLWZAcn. 

Wollomba,  ^oPlom'bi,  a  river  of  New  South  AValei, 
CO.  of  Gloucester,  flows  S.E.,  and  enters  AVallia  Lake. 


WOL 


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WolloiidillVf  worion-dil'leo,  a  rivor  of  Now  South 
Wales,  llo\v«  N.  lhrou);li  tho  centre  of  tho  oo.  of  Arj^ylo  and 
betweva  tlio  cos.  of  Camdon  and  Wcstuiorulund,  and  joins 
tbo  Warragainba,  after  a  oourao  of  130  miles. 

Wolloiigong)  woriong-gong',  a  maritime  toirn  of 
Ne»v  South  Wales,  co.  of  Cuiudcn,  7  miles  N.  of  Lake  Illa- 
warra.  Pop.  12U7.  It  stiinds  in  a  flue  district,  is  resorted 
to  for  sca-batliing,  and  has  a  light-huuse  of  iron.  Hero 
con)  ia  extensively  mined  and  sliippod;  also  tho  valuable 
mineral  called  wollongongite. 

Wollstcin,  ^oll'stinc,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland,  37 
miles  S.W.  of  Posen,  between  two  lakes.     Pop.  2729. 

Wollstcin,  a  town  of  N.W.  Germany,  grand  duchy  of 
IIosso,  in  Kbein-IIesBon,  on  the  Appelbacli,  C  miles  S.k.  of 
Kroutznach.     It  has  manufactures  of  cloth.     Pop.  2932. 

Wolmar,  a  town  of  Itussia.    See  Volmau. 

Woliizncli,  or  Wollnznch,  ^6ln'z&K,  a  market-town 
of  Upper  Bavaria,  N.E.  of  Pfnflenhofon.    Pop.  1591. 

Holo^dn,  llussia.    See  Vologda. 

Wolokol)iinsk,a  town  of  Uussia.    See  Volokolamsk. 

Wol'rnb  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hardin  co..  III.,  22 
miles  S.W.  of  Shawnootown.  It  has  a  grist-mill  and  an 
iron-furnaco. 

Wiilsdorf,  l^ols'donf,  or  Wclsdorf,  *fils'donf,  a  vil- 
lage of  Bohcaiin,  circle  of  KiiniggrUt/,.     Pop.  11 18. 

Wol'siiiglinm,  or  Wnl'siii^linni,  a  market-town 
and  parish  of  England,  co.  and  13i  miles  W.S.W.  of  Dur- 
ham, on  the  Wear  Valley  Railway.  Pop.  777S,  employed 
in  manufactures  of  woollens,  linens,  and  hardwares,  in  iron- 
blast-furnaces,  and  in  coal-,  lime-,  and  lead-works. 

Wolsk,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  Volsk. 

^Volstan'toii,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Stafford,  1^ 
miles  N.E.  of  Newcastlo-under-Lyno.  It  has  a  new  CJothic 
church  and  a  union  workhouse.  Tho  Grand  Trunk  Canal 
hero  passes  through  a  tunnel  IJ  miles  in  length. 

H'oltschnnsk.     See  Voltcjiansk. 

Woluwe-Sniiit-Etienue,  voMUv'-siNt-4'to-8nn',  a 
Tillage  of  Belgium,  in  South  Brabant,  near  Brussels.  Pop. 
1021. 

Woluwe-Saint-Lambcrt,  voMiiv'-84N<"-lft.M*baiii',  a 
Tillage  of  Belgium,  province  of  Brabant,  on  tho  Woluwe,  4 
miles  E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1249. 

>Voluwc-Saint-Pierrc,  voMilv'-8J.N»-pe-aiu',  a  vil- 
lage of  Belgium,  province  of  Brabant,  near  the  above. 

Wolvcrhamp'ton,  a  parliamentary  and  municipal 
borough  and  manufacturing  town  of  England,  co.  of  Staf- 
ford, with  stations  on  the  London  <k  Northwestern  and 
Great  Western  Railways,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Birmingham. 
Pop.  of  municipal  borough  (1891),  82,620.  The  town  has  1.3 
churches,  viz.,  the  collegiate  church  of  St.  Peter,  recently 
restored,  St.  George,  St.  John,  St.  Paul,  St.  Mary,  St.  James, 
St.  Mark,  St.  Matthew,  St.  Luke,  St.  Philip,  St.  Andrew, 
Christ  church,  and  St.  Judo,  several  dissenting  and  Roman 
Catholio  chapels,  and  numerous  schools.  Other  chief  edi- 
fices are  the  town  hall,  new  market  hall  or  corn  exchange, 
hospital,  agricultural  hall,  news-room,  library,  savings- 
bank,  St.  George's  Hall,  assembly-  and  concert-rooms, 
theatre,  county  court-house,  a  grammar-school  with  a  rev- 
enue of  nearly  £1200  per  annum,  an  orphan  asylum,  a 
blue-coat  school,  a  ragged  school,  and  a  school  of  ])ractical 
art  and  working-men's  college.  There  is  a  a  finely-situated 
cemetery  near  the  town.  Locks,  brass,  tinned,  and  japanned 
wares,  tools,  nails,  papier-mach6,  electro-plated  goods,  and 
Tarnish  are  manufactured  here.  It  has  several  largo  flour- 
mills,  galvanizcd-iron,  chemical,  and  artificial-manure 
works,  an  excellent  cattle-market,  and  an  extensive  rail- 
way-carriage depot  of  the  Great  Westcin  Railway.  Its 
trade  is  facilitated  by  several  canals,  and  tho  whole  district 
to  the  S.  and  E.  is  covered  with  forges,  rolling-mills,  foun- 
dries, coal-mines,  and  ironstone-pits.  The  borough  returns 
two  members  to  tho  House  of  Commons. 

Wolverley,  w6ol'v?r-lo,  a  village  of  England,  co.  of 
Worcester,  on  tho  Stour,  and  on  the  Staffordshire  <t  Worces- 
tershire Canal,  2  miles  N.N.W.  of  Kidderminster.  It  eon- 
tains  a  parish  and  a  district  church,  a  Wesley  an  chapel, 
and  one  of  the  principal  depots  of  the  engines  and  goods 
of  the  London  &  Birmingham  Railway.     Pop.  3041. 

Wolvcrthem,  worv?r-t4m*,  a villageof  Belgium,  prov- 
ince of  Brabiint,  8  miles  N.N.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  3332. 

Wolverton,  woOl'vjr-tpn,  or  Wolverston,  a  parish 
of  England,  co.  of  Bucks,  1  mile  E.N.E.  of  Stratford,  on  the 
London  <t  Northwestern  Railway.  Here  are  tho  central 
Station,  depot,  and  fivctory  of  tho  railway  company,  a  church, 
a  school,  and  a  library  and  reading-room.     Pop.  2804. 

Wolverton,  wSol'ver-t^n,  a  post-village  in  Oxford  co., 
Ontario,  on  Smith's  Creek,  4  miles  from  Lrumbo.  It  con- 
tains a  saw-mill,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  store.    Pop.  250. 


Wolyiisk,  Russia. 
>Vo'i 


See  VoLiiYNiA. 
>Vo'uiack  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Choctaw  co    Ala. 
>\o'niacks,a  station  of  the  Gulf,  Western' Tuxm  A 
Pacific  Railroad,  44  miles  N.W.  of  Victoria,  Texas 

Woinbwell,  woom'bel,  a  town   of    KiiKlaiij,"  co.  of 
C.S.E.  of  Barnsley.     Pon.  50(iy. 


York,  4  miles  E.n.i.,.  oi  jUarnsley.     Pop.  50(iy. 

\yoni'cl»dorf,a  post-borough  in  lloidelbu'rgtown.liin. 
Berks  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Lebanon  Valley  Railroad  15  luilli 
W.  of  Reading.  It  is  situated  in  a  fertile  liiiiostono  valley 
and  has  4  churches,  the  South  Mountain  College,  3  flour! 
mills,  a  cigar-factory,  an  iron-forge,  a  steam  saw-mill,  Ac 
Pop.  1031. 

Woni inclghcin,wom'm?l-Gh4m',  a  village  of  Bclcium 
province  and  6  miles  E.  of  Antwerp.     Po]).  148.1.  ' 

Wonansquatocket.    See  Woo.sAsguATicKET. 

Wonck,  w6nk,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of  Lira- 
bourg,  on  tho  Jaar,  10  miles  S.E.  of  llasselt.     Pop.  K'Jii 

Wouda,  or  Ouonda,  won'di,  a  river  of  North  Afrit^, 
rises  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Seneganibia,  flows  N.N.W.,  aii.i 
joins  tho  Kokoro  (an  aflluent  of  tbo  Woolima),  after  a 
course  of  about  130  miles. 

Woudclghcm,  won'd?l-chim\  a  village  of  Belgium, 
province  of  East  Flanders,  on  the  Canal  of  Tcrucuzcn,  and 
on  the  Lioveand  theCaele,  2  miles  N.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  1181. 

Wonders,  wiin'd^rz,  post-office,  Nacogdoches  co.,  Tex." 

Won'derly,  a  post-oBiuo  of  Saline  co  ,  Kansim. 

Wonc,  wOn,  a  ruined  town  of  India,  in  Candeish,  with 
8  large  and  4  small  pagodas  of  hewn  granite  and  of  » 
pyramidal  form,  with  numerous  carvings,  decorations,  and 
colossal  statues. 

Wonewoe,  won'e-wSk,  a  post-villnge  in  Woncwoo 
township,  Juneau  co..  Wis.,  on  Baraboo  River,  and  on  the 
Chicago  ,t  Northwestern  Railroad,  at  Wonowoc  Station,  C7 
miles  N.W.  of  Madison,  and  Oi  miles  S.  of  Elroy.  It  bus 
2  or  3  churches,  a  newspay)er  office,  a  seminary,  and  manu- 
factures of  flour,  furniture,  lumber,  and  wagons.  Pop. 
about  700;  of  the  township,  1495. 

Wongrowitz,  *on'gro-Aits'  (Polish,  Woiigro>ii!ec,iion- 
gro've-Sts),  also  written  Wagrowiec,  a  town  of  Prussian 
Poland,  32  miles  N.E.  of  Posen,  on  the  Welna.  Here  it  a 
Cistercian  monastery.     Pop.  42i56. 

Won'sevu,  a  post-hauiletof  Chase  co.,  Kansas,  on  Cedar 
Creek,  about  35  miles  N.W.  of  Eureka.  It  has  a  black- 
smith-shop and  a  general  store.     Pop.  about  40. 

Wonterghem,  w6n't§r-Ghfim*,  a  village  of  Belgium, 
in  East  Flanders,  15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  968. 

Woo-Cliang,  a  large  city  of  China,  province  of  Hoo- 
Pee,  on  the  Yangtse-Kiang,  opposite  llan-Keoo.  It  is  a 
walled  town,  is  the  seat  of  a  great  native  and  foreign  trade, 
and  has  important  native  educational  establishments.  Pop. 
800.000. 

Woo-Choo,  or  Wu-Chu,  woo-choo',  also  called 
Woo-Chow-Foo,  a  town  of  China,  province  of  Quiing- 
See,  on  tho  navigable  river  Hong-Kiang,  about  ISO  miles 
above  Canton.     It  is  the  seat  of  a  great  trade. 

Wood,  a  northern  county  of  Ohio,  has  an  area  of  about 
670  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  the  Muu- 
mee  River,  is  intersected  by  the  Portage  River,  and  is  |)artly 
drained  by  Beaver  Creek.  The  northern  border  of  this 
county  is  about  3  miles  from  Toledo.  The  surface  is  a 
nearly  level  plain,  with  a  gentle  slope  to  tho  N.E.  Dense 
forests  of  the  ash,  beech,  elm,  hicliory,  white  oak,  sugnr- 
maplo,  tulip-tree,  Ac,  cover  a  large  part  of  its  area.  The 
soil  is  deep  and  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay, 
cattle,  butter,  lumber,  and  pork  are  tho  staple  products. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  3  railroads, — tlie  Baltimore 
&  Ohio,  the  Columbus  &  Toledo,  and  the  Dayton  <t  .Michi 
gan.  It  is  also  connected  with  Cleveland  by  the  Lake  Shore 
<t  Michigan  Southern  Railroad.  Capital,  Bowling  Urccn. 
Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $11,908,537.  Pop. 
in  1870,  24,596;  in  1880,  .34,022. 

Wood,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Texas,  has  an  area 
of  about  500  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the 
Sabine  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Lake  Fork  of  that 
river.  The  surface  is  diversified  with  prairies  and  exten- 
sive forests  of  the  ash,  elm,  hickory,  oak,  pecan,  Ac.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  and  pork  are  tho 
staple  products.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Texas  &  Piicific 
Railroad.  Capital,  Quitman.  Valuation  of  real  and  per- 
sonal estate,  $712,412.  Pop.  in  1870,  6894,  of  whom  6880 
were  Americans;  in  1880,  11,212. 

Wood,  a  western  county  of  AV^est  Virginia,  has  an  area 
of  about  400  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  tho  N.W.  by 
the  Ohio  Rivor,  which  separates  it  from  the  state  of  Ohio, 
and  is  intersected  by  the  Little  Kanawha  River.  The  sur- 
face is  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests 
of  the  ash,  hickory,  oak,  tulip-tree,  <to.    The  soil  is  fertiU. 


woo 


2851 


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Indian  corn,  wheat,  oata,  and  butter  are  the  staple  prod uctg. 

jAiiiong  its  ininoi'iil  resources  are  bituminous  coal  and  pe- 

jtrolouin.     This  county   is  intersected  by  the  Parkorsburg 

iBrancli  of  tlic   ]5altiuiore  &  Ohio  Railroad.     Capital,  Par- 

Jcorsburg.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $10,000,000. 

^op.  in  1870,  19,001);  in  18S0,  25,006. 

j    Wood,  a  county  in  liie  central  part  of  Wisconsin,  has 

Ian  area  of  S2S  square  miles.     It  is  intersected  by  the  Wis- 

Iconsin   I'ivcr,  wliich  here  runs  southwcstward,  and  is  also 

rained  by  the  Yellow  River  and  Mill  Creek.     Tlio  surface 

,s  mostly  covered  with   forests  of  pine,  sugar-maple,  and 

thcr  trees.     The  soil  is  partly  fertile.     Oats,  hay,  Indian 

lorn,  and  potatoes  are  tlie  staple  products,  and  lumber  is 

jthe  chief  article  of  export.     Granite  is  found  here.     This 

ounty  is  intersected  by  the  Wisconsin  Central  Railroad  and 

he  Urecn   Bay  A  Minnesota   Railroad.      Capital,   (irand 

'Rapids.     Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $1,402,374. 

{Pop.  in  1870,  3912;  in  1880,  8981. 

iVood,  a  township  of  Clarke  co.,  InJ.     Pop.  730. 
}    Wood,  a  station  in  Monroe  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Lake 
i'Bhore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  17  miles  K.W.  of 
ITolcdo,  Ohio. 

I     Wood  and  Richland,  a  township  of  Texas  co..  Mo. 
Pop.  834. 

Wood'ard,  a  post-office  of  Onondaga  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
^Syracuse  Northern  Railroad,  8  miles  N.  of  Syracuse. 
I     Wood'ard's  Lauding,  a  post-office  of  PuciQo  co., 
(Washington. 

i     Wood'bank,  a  hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Ind.,  on  Fall 
i  Creek,  1  mile  from  Malott  Park  Station,  and  about  5  miles 
iN.  by  E.  of  Indianapolis.     It  has  2  churches. 
I     Wood'berrV;  a  post-office  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas,  25  miles 
IN.W.  of  Wichita. 

I     Woodbcrry,  a  post-village  of  Raltimore  co.,  Bid.,  on 
I  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  4  miles  N.N.W.  of  Ralti- 
J  more.     It  has  5  or  6  churches,  5  cotton-mills,  a  foundry,  a 
!  machine-shop,  3  public  schools,  and   a   newspaper  office. 
I  Part  of  this  village  is  called  Hampden. 
I     Woodberry,  Bedford  co..  Pa.    See  AVoodbuiiy. 
i     Woodberry,  a  township  of  Blair  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  2107. 
Wood'bine,  a  post-township  of  Jo  Daviess  co..  III., 
about  16  miles  E.S.E.  of  Galena.     It  contains  2  churches 
and  2  flour-niills.     Pop.  950. 

Woodbine,  a  post-village  in  Boyer  township,  Harrison 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Boyer  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  &  North- 
western Railroad,  38  miles  N.  of  Council  Bluffs.     It  has  a 
church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  money-order  post-office.     Pop. 
,  about  500. 

)  Woodbine,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dickinson  co.,  Kansas,  on 
t  Lyons  Creek,  about  16  miles  S.S.W.  of  Junction  City.  It 
I  has  a  chivrch, 

t  Woodbine,  a  post-hamlet  of  Whitley  co.,  Ky.,  about 
j  65  miles  S.S.E.  of  Danville. 

Woodbine,  a  post-village  of  Carroll  co.,  Md.,  on  the 
I  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  37  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Baltimore. 
(  Woodbine,  a  station  in  Cape  May  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
t  West  Jersey  Railroad,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Millville, 
I  Woodbine,  a  station  in  Chester  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  31  miles  AV.  of  Philadelphia. 

Woodbine,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co..  Pa.,  in  Lower 
Chanccford  township,  on  the  Peach  Bottom  Railroad.  It 
has  a  grist-mill. 

Woodbine,  a  post-office  of  Prince  AVilliam  co.,  Va.,  6 
miles  from  Manassas. 

Wood'bourne,  a  post-village  in  Fallsburg  township, 
Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Ncvcrsink  River,  about  32  miles 
N.  of  Port  Jervis.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  140. 

Woodbourne,  a  station  in  Bucks  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
North  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Philadel- 
phia.. 

Woodbonrne,  a  station  in  Susquehanna  co.,  Pa.,  on 
the  Montrose  Railroad,  9  miles  S.  of  Montro.so. 

Wood'bridge,  a  market-town  and  river-port  of  Eng- 
land, CO.  of  Suffolk,  on  the  Dcbcn,  7i  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ips- 
wich. Pop.  4403.  The  town  has  a  church,  dissenting 
chapels,  schools,  almshouses,  sessions-  and  market-houses, 
a  custom-house,  bonding  warehouses,  a  theatre,  and  a  house 
of  correction.  It  has  exports  of  corn,  flour,  and  malt, 
and  imports  of  coal,  timber,  Ac.  Ship-building  is  actively 
carried  on.  The  mouth  of  the  Deben  forms  an  excellent 
haven,  and  the  river  is  navigable  8  miles  up  to  the  town. 

Wood'bridge,  a  post-village  of  San  Joaquin  co.,  Cal., 
on  the  Mokclumno  River,  and  on  the  Central  Pacific  Rail- 
road, 14  miles  N.  of  Stockton.  It  has  a  college,  2  churches, 
and  a  newspaper  office. 

Woodbridge,  a  township  of  Now  Haven  co.,  Conn., 
6  miles  N.W.  of  New  Haven.    Pop.  830. 


Woodbridge,  a,  hamlet  of  Cedar  co..  Town,  about  20 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Iowa  City. 

Woodbridge,  township.  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.   P.  1336. 

Woodbridge,  a  post-oBico  of  Lenawee  co.,  Mich. 

Woodbridge,  a  post-village  in  Woodbridge  town.»hip, 
Middlesex  co.,  N.J.,  on  the  Perth  Amboy  A,  Woodbridge 
Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Rahw.-xy,  and  24  miles  S.W.  of  New 
York.  It  has  5  churches,  a  ncwsj)npcr  office,  and  manu- 
factures of  fire-bricks  and  tiles.  The  township  borders  on 
Staten  Island  Sound.    Pop.  about  5000. 

Woodbridge,  a  post-hamlet  of  Craven  co.,  N.C.,  1 
mile  from  the  Atlantic  <t  North  Carolina  Railroad,  and  15 
miles  S.  of  New-Berne.  It  has  a  church  and  a  lumber-mill. 

Woodbridge,  a  hamlet  of  Fuyctte  co..  Pa.,  about  55 
miles  S.  of  Pittsburg. 

Wood  Bridge,  a  post-village  of  Prince  William  co., 
Va.,  on  Occoquan  River,  and  on  the  Alexandria  A  Freder- 
icksburg Railroad,  ICJ  miles  S.W.  of  Alexandria.  It  has 
2  churches,  a  bank,  and  a  high  school. 

Wood'bridge,  or  Bnr'wick,  a  post-village  in  York 
CO.,  Ontario,  on  the  river  Ilumber,  and  on  the  Toronto, 
Grey  &  Bruce  Railway,  16i  n)iles  N.W.  of  Toronto.  It 
contains  3  churches,  stores,  hotels,  and  saw-mills,  and  has 
manufactories  of  iron  castings,  mill-machinery,  agricul- 
tural implements,  engines,  boilers,  woollens,  <tc.     P.  1000. 

Woodbridge's  Corners,  Lincoln  co.,  Mo.,  is  the 
same  as  Noutii  New  Casti.e. 

Wood'burn,  a  post-village  in  Bunker  Hill  township, 
Macoujjin  co.,  111.,  about  14  miles  N.E.  of  Alton,  and  3 
miles  W.  of  Bunker  Hill  Railroad  Station.  It  has  3 
churches.     Pop.  about  400. 

Woodburn,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Allen  co.,  Ind., 
on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Fort  Wayne. 

Woodburn,  a  post-village  in  Jackson  township,  Clarke 
CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Burlington  &  Missouri  River  Railroad,  16 
miles  W.  of  Chariton.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  flour-mill. 

Woodburn,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville  &  Nashville  Railro.ad,  1 1  miles  S.  by  W.  of 
Bowling  Green.  It  has  a  church,  and  is  the  scat  of  Cedar 
Bluff  College.     Pop.  about  400. 

Woodburn,  a  hamlet  of  Morehouse  parish.  La.,  S  miles 
E.  of  Bastrop.     Here  is  a  church. 

Woodburn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Platte  co..  Neb.,  on  Loup 
River,  17  miles  W.  of  Columbus. 

Woodburn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  Oregon,  on 
the  Oregon  &  California  Railroad,  16  miles  N.  of  Salem. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  warehouse  for  grain. 

Woodburn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va.,  SJ 
miles  AV.  of  Leesburg.     It  has  a  church. 

Wood'burn,  a  post-village  in  Wentworth  co.,  Ontario, 
8  miles  S.  of  Stony  Creek.  It  contains  2  stores  and  a  grist- 
mill.    Pop.  100. 

Woodbury,  wood'b?r-e,  a  county  in  the  AA'.  part  of 
Iowa,  bordering  on  Nebraska,  has  an  area  of  about  870 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  AV,  by  the  Missouri 
and  Sioux  Rivers,  which  unite  about  2  miles  above  Sioux 
City.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Little  Sioux  River  and  iU 
AVest  Fork,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the  Maple  River.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies  and 
groves.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  hay,  oats, 
and  cattle  are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  traversed 
by  3  railroads,— the  Sioux  City  <fc  Pacific,  the  Sioux  City  A 
St.  Paul,  and  the  Dubuque  &  Sioux  City  (or  Illinois  Cen- 
tral). Capital,  Sioux  City.  A'al nation  of  real  and  personal 
estate,  $4,816,502.  Pop.  in  1870,  6172,  of  whom  4653  wore 
Americans;  in  1880,  14,996. 

Woodbury,  a  post-village  in  AVoodbury  township, 
Litchfield  co..  Conn.,  in  a  beautiful  valley,  on  the  Pomeraug 
River,  12  miles  AV.  of  AVaterbury,  and  about  25  miles  N.AV. 
of  New  Haven.  It  contains  several  fine  residences,  an 
academy,  a  bank,  and  4  churches.  The  township  has  a 
]>aper-mill,  2  woollen-mills,  a  manufactory  of  knives  and 
shears,  a  stockiuet-mill,  and  a  powdor-flnsk-factory.  It 
contains  another  village,  named  Ilotchkissville.  Pop.  of  the 
township  in  1890,  1815. 

Woodbury,  Meriwether  co.,  Ga.    See  Sandtow.v. 

Woodbury,  a  hamlet  in  AVoodbury  township,  Cumber- 
land CO.,  111.,  on  the  Embarras  River,  and  on  the  St.  Louis, 
A'andalia  A  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  16  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ef- 
fingham.    Pop.of  the  township.  1067. 

Woodbury,  a  jwst-hamlct  of  Hancock  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Cleveland,  Columbus,  Cincinnati  A  Indianapolis  Railro.ad, 
about  18  miles  E.N.E.  of  Indianapolis.     It  has  a  church. 

Woodbury,  township,  Woodbury  co.,  Iowa.  _  Pop.  351. 

Woodbury,  a  post-village  of  Butler  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Green  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Big  Barren  River,  about 
20  miles  by  land  and  30  miles  by  water  K.AV.  of  Bowling 


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Oreon.  It  has  2  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  aaw-mill. 
Pop.  171. 

vVoodbnry,  Maryland.    Soo  WooDBEnnr. 

Wood  bury,  a  iwet-towns-hip  of  Washington  co.,  Minn., 
about  7  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Paul,  and  1  or  2  milos  E.  of  the 
Mississippi  Kivcr.     It  has  3  cliurchos.     Pop.  1163. 

H'oodbiiry,  a  haiulot  of  Wobstor  co.,  Mo.,  about  36 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Springfield. 

Woodbury,  an  incorporated  city,  capital  of  Gloucester 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  Woodbury  Creok,  on  the  West  Jersey  Rail- 
road, at  the  junction  of  the  Swedcsborough  Kailroad,  and 
nt  the  E.  terminus  of  the  Delaware  Shore  Railroad,  9  miles 
S.  of  Philadelphia.  It  contains  a  court- house,  an  aciideuiy, 
a  graded  public  school,  2  public  libraries,  3  weekly  news- 
papers, glass-works,  a  national  bank,  and  9  churches  (2 
colored).  Many  persons  residing  hero  do  business  in  Phila- 
delphia.    Pop.  in  18U0,  3911. 

Woodbury,  Orange  co.,  N.Y.    See  Woopdury  Falls. 

Woodbury,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Oyster  Day 
township,  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Long  Island  lluilroud, 
33  miles  E.N.E.  of  New  York  City. 

Woodbury  (Woodviow  Post-Office),  a  hamlet  in  Perry 
townsliip,  Morrow  co.,  0.,  14  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mansfield. 

Woodbury,  or  Woodbcrry,apost-villageof  BedforJ 
CO.,  Pa.,  in  Middle  Woodbury  township,  about  22  miles  S. 
of  Altoona.     It  has  2  churches.     Pop.  294. 

Woodbury,  a  township  of  Marion  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  210. 

Woodbury,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Cannon  co.,  Tenn., 
about  60  miles  E.S.E.  of  Nashville.  It  has  4  churches,  a 
college,  a  newspaper  office,  and  a  flouring-uiill.     Pop.  329. 

Woodbury,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hill  co.,  Te.T.,  4U  miles 
from  Waco.     It  has  2  churches. 

Woodbury,  a  post-township  of  Washington  co.,  Vt., 
about  15  miles  N.E.  of  Montpclier.     Pop.  902. 

Woodbury,  or  Force's  Corners,  a  post-village  in 
Brant  co.,  Ontario,  3  miles  S.  of  Princeton.     Pop.  160. 

Woodbury  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y., 
in  Monroe  township,  on  the  Newburg  <t  New  York  liranch 
of  the  Erie  Railroad,  at  Woodbury  Stationj  12  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Newburg.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Woodbury's,  a  station  of  the  Eastern  Railroad  (Essex 
Branch),  9  miles  N.E.  of  Salem,  Mass. 

Wood  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Clayton  oo.,  Iowa. 

Wood'cock,  a  post-borough  in  Woodcock  township, 
Crawford  co.,  Pa.,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Mcadville,  and  2  miles 
from  Venango  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2  churches  and 
several  cheese-factories.  Pop.  220.  The  township  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  French  Creek,  and  contains  also  the  borough 
of  SaDgertown.     Pop.  of  township,  1723. 

Wood  Creek,  Washington  co.,  N.Y.,  runs  in  a  N.N.E. 
direction,  and  enters  Pawlet  River  at  Whitehall. 

Wood'dale,  a  post-office  of  New  Caslle  co.,  Del.,  on 
the  Wilmington  &  Western  Railroad,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Wilmington. 

Wood'end,  Pulaski  co.,  Mo.,  a  station  on  the  St.  Louis 
&  San  Francisco  Railroad,  86  miles  N.E.  of  Springfield. 

Woo'densburg,  a  post-hamlet  of  Baltimore  co.,  Md., 
20  miles  N.N.W.  of  Baltimore.     It  has  2  churches.    P.  54. 

Wood'ey,  a  post-office  of  Lincoln  co.,  Kansas. 

Wood'ford,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Illinois, 
has  an  area  of  about  520  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  by  Peoria  Lake,  an  expansion  of  the  Illinois  River, 
and  is  drained  by  Mackinaw  and  Crow  Creeks.  The  surface 
is  undulating  or  nearly  level,  and  is  diversified  with  prairies 
and  woodlands,  the  former  of  which  are  more  extensive  than 
the  latter.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat, 
oats,  hay,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Mines 
of  bituminous  coal  have  been  opened  in  this  county.  It  is 
intersected  by  3  railroads, — the  Illinoi.s  Central,  the  Toledo, 
Peoria  &  Warsaw,  and  the  Chicago  <t  Alton.  Capital,  Met- 
amora.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $3,881,648. 
Pop.  in  1870,  18,956;  in  1880,  21,620. 

Woodford,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Kentucky, 
has  an  area  of  about  250  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  W.  and  S.W.  by  the  Kentucky  River,  and  also  drained 
by  the  South  Fork  of  Elkhoin  Creek.  The  surface  is  un- 
dulating. The  soif  is  deep  and  very  fertile.  Indian  corn, 
wheat,  oats,  pork,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products. 
Among  the  forest  trees  are  the  ash,  hickory,  oak,  black  wal- 
nut, and  maple.  Good  Lower  Silurian  limestone  underlies  a 
large  part  of  the  soil.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the 
Louisville,  Cincinnati  &  Le.vington  Railroad.  Capital,  Ver- 
sailles. Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $5,981,130. 
Pop.  in  1870,  8240;  in  1880,  11,800. 

Woodford,  a  post-hamlet  in  Minonk  township,  Wood- 
ford CO.,  111.,  on  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  26  miles  N. 
of  BIoomingtoQ. 


Woodford,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Tenn. 

Woodford,  a  post-hamlet  in  Woodford  township,  Ben- 
nington CO.,  Vt.,  about  7  miles  E.  of  Bennington.  It  hu 
a  church.     Pop.  of  the  township,  371. 

Woodford,  a  ]>ost-office  and  station  in  Carollns  co 
Va.,  on  the  Richmond,  Fredericksburg  &  Potomac  llailroiid 
46i  miles  N.  of  Richmond.  ' 

Woodford's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Alpine  co.,  Gal.,  about 
36  miles  S.  of  Carson  City,  Nev. 

Woodford's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Cumberland  co.,  Me. 
on  or  near  Casco  Bay,  and  on  the  Maine  Central  and  Port- 
land  A  Rochester  Railroads,  2  miles  W.  of  Poitluud.  It 
has  2  churches  and  the  Deering  High  School. 

Wood  Grove,  a  post-lmmlet  in  Manchester  township, 
Morpin  CO.,  0.,  10  miles  W.S.W.  of  Caldwell. 

\\  ood  Grove,  a  hamlet  of  Loudoun  co.,  Va.,  1  milo 
from  the  Blue  Ridge,  and  1  mile  from  Round  Hill  Railroad 
Stiition.     It  has  2  churches. 

Wood'ham,  a  post-village  in  Perth  co.,  Ontario,  lOi 
wiles  from  St.  Marys.     Pop.  100. 

Wood  Uar'bor,  a  iKist-settlement  in  Shelburno  eo.. 
Nova  Scotia,  on  the  Atlaulic  coast,  19  miles  from  Barring- 
ton.     Poj).  500. 

Wood  Ila'ven,  a  post-village  in  Jamaica  townfbip, 
Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  about  8 
miles  S.E.  of  New  York,     It  has  2  churches. 

Wood  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Dallas  co..  Mo. 

M'ood'hull,  a  post-village  in  Clover  township,  Henry 
CO.,  III.,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy  Railruad 
(Ualva  it  Keithsburg  Branch),  14  miles  W.  of  Oalva,  aiiJ 
about  16  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Oalesburg.  It  has  a  bank,  a 
money-order  post-office,  and  3  churches.     Pop.  about  700. 

Woodhull,  a  post-office  of  Chase  co.,  Kansas,  about  30 
miles  W.  of  Emporia. 

Woodhull,  a  post-township  forming  the  S.AV.  extrem- 
ity of  Shiawassee  co.,  Mich.  It  contains  2  churches.  I'op. 
756.  AVoodhull  Post-Oflicc  and  Station  are  on  the  Chicagu 
&  Lake  Huron  Railroad,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Corunna. 

Woodhull,  or  New'villc,  a  post-village  in  Woodhull 
township,  Steuben  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Tuscarora  Creek,  about  .^2 
miles  W.  of  Elmira.  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  an  ncadciny, 
a  cheese-factory,  a  foundry,  and  a  grist-mill.  The  naiiio 
of  its  post-office  is  AVoodhulI.    Pop.  392;  of  township,  197.S. 

Woodhull,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Fond  du  Lac 
CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Sheboygan  &  Fond  du  Lac  Railroad,  i 
miles  W.  of  Fond  du  Lac. 

Wood'ington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Darke  co.,  0.,  on  the 
railroad  between  Piqua  and  Union  City,  7  miles  E.  of  the 
latter.     It  has  2  churches  and  a  s.aw-mill. 

Wood  Island,  an  islet  in  the  Strait  of  Bello  Isle, 
between  Labrador  and  Newfoundland. 

Wood  Island,  at  the  entrance  of  Saco  River,  Me.  On 
the  E.  side  is  a  revolving  light,  45  feet  above  the  level  of 
the  sea,  lat.  43°  27'  N.,  Ion.  70°  15'  W. 

Wood  Island,  a  station  within  the  limits  of  Boston, 
Mass.,  on  the  Boston,  Revere  Beach  A  Lynn  Railroad,  and 
on  an  island  in  Boston  Harbor,  1  mile  from  East  Boston. 

Wood'lake,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Ky. 

Wood  Lake,  a  post-hamlct  of  Montcalm  co.,  Mich., 
on  the  Grand  Rapids  &  Indiana  Railroad,  30  miles  N.  by 
E.  of  Grand  Rapids.    It  has  manufactures  of  pine  lumber. 

Wood  Lake,  a  post-township  of  Yellow  Medicine  co., 
Minn.,  comprising  several  lakes.     Pop.  167. 

Wood  Lake,  post-township,  Burnett  co.,  Wis.   P.  195. 

Wood'land,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Yolo  co.,Cal.,  in 
Cache  Creek  township,  on  the  California  Pacific  Railroad, 
22  miles  W.N.W.  of  Sacramento,  and  81  miles  N.N.E.  of 
San  Francisco.  It  has  a  court-house,  5  churches,  2  news- 
paper offices,  a  bank  with  a  cajjital  of  $500,000,  and  the 
Hesperian  College  (Christian),  which  was  organized  in 
1861;  also  3  hotels,  a  flour-mill,  a  mnchine-shop,  2  brew- 
cries,  and  manufactories  of  wine  and  brandy.  It  is  lighted 
with  gas.     Pop.  in  1890,  3069. 

Woodland,  a  hamlet  of  Putnam  co.,  Fla.,  about  15 
miles  S.  of  Palatka,  and  6  miles  E.  of  St.  John's  River. 

Woodland,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  111.     Pop. 900. 

Woodland,  a  town.«hip  of  Fulton  co..  111.    Pop.  1602. 

Woodland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Iroquois  co..  111.,  on  the 
Chicago,  Danville  <fc  Vincennes  Railroad,  4  miles  S.  of 
Watseka. 

Woodland,  a  post-hamlet  in  Madison  township,  St. 
Joseph  CO.,  Ind.,  about  10  miles  S.  by  E.  of  South  Bend. 
It  has  a  church. 

Woodland,  a  post-hamlct  in  Richland  township,  De- 
catur CO.,  Iowa,  near  Grand  River,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Leon. 

Woodland,  a  station  in  Barren  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  Louis- 
ville A  Great  Southern  Railroad,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Cave  City. 


\ 


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Woodland,  a  post-office  of  East  Feliciana  parish,  La., 
9  miles  N.E.  of  Clinton.     Here  is  a  church. 

Woodland,  a  plantation  of  Arooatooli  co.,  Me.,  60 
mile!<  N.W.  of  Iloulton.     Top.  174. 

Woodland,  a  post-haiulct  of  Talbot  co.,  iMd.,  on  the 
Mnryliintl  A  Delaware  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  Euxton. 

Hoodland,  a  post-village  in  Woodland  township, 
Barry  co.,  Mich.,  about  33  miles  K.S.E.  of  Grand  liapids, 
anil  30  miles  W,  of  Lansing.  It  has  a  drug-store,  a  Hour- 
mill,  and  2  churches.     I'op.  of  the  township,  MOl. 

Woodland,  a  township  of  Wright  co.,  Minn.    P.  836. 

Woodland,  a  post-oflico  of  Marion  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
Hannibal  >t  St.  Joseph  llailroad,  19  miles  AV.  of  Hannibal. 

Woodland,  township,  Burlington  co.,  N.J.     Poji.  3S9. 

Woodland,  a  post-liamlct  in  Shandakcn  township, 
Uli'tor  CO.,  N.Y.,  about  24  miles  AV.N.W.  of  llondout. 

Woodland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Northampton  co,,  N.C., 
about  24  miles  E.  of  Ilalifa.v,     It  has  a  church. 

Woodland,  a  station  in  Mahoning  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago  llailroad,  4  miles  W.  of 
Salem. 

Woodland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Union  co.,  0.,  on  the  At- 
lantic »t  Great  Western  Railroad,  lOJ  miles  S.W.  of  Marion. 
It  has  a  church,  2  saw-mills,  and  a  planing-mill. 

Woodland,  a  post-village  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Tyrone  &  Clearfield  Branch  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad, 
6i  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Clearfield.  It  has  1  or  2  churches,  a 
lumber-mill,  and  a  fire-brick-manufactory. 

Woodland,  a  station  in  Delaware  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Philadelphia  .t  Baltimore  Central  Railroad,  25  miles  AV.S.AV. 
of  Philadelphia. 

Woodland,  a  post-hamlct  of  Red  River  co.,  Tex.,  10 
miles  from  Bonnet's  Station  of  the  Texas  &  Pacific  Railroad. 
It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Woodland,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dodge  co.,  AA'is.,  on  the 
Northern  division  of  the  Chicago,  IMilwaukco  &  St.  Paul 
Railroad,  4G  tuiles  N.W,  of  Milwaukee,    It  has  2  churches. 

Woodland,  a  township  of  Sauk  co.,  AVis.     Pop.  1220. 

Woodland  Mills,  a  ])ost-hamlet  of  Morgan  co.,  Ala., 
about  20  miles  S.  of  Huntsvillo.  It  has  a  stcaui  flour-mill, 
a  store,  &c. 

Woodland  Mills,  a  post-hamlct  of  Obion  co.,  Tenn., 
on  the  Nashville,  Chattanooga  &  St.  Louis  Railroad,  8  miles 
S.E.  of  Hickman,  Ky.,  and  102  miles  AV.  of  N:\shvillo.  It 
has  a  church,  a  steam  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill. 

Woodlands,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  AV.  Va., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  about  22  miles  below  AVheeling. 

Wood'landtown,  a  post-hamlct  of  Dorchester  co., 
Md.,  30  miles  S.  of  Cambridge.     It  has  a  church. 

Wood'landvillc,  a  post-office  of  Boone  co.,  Mo.,  15 
miles  AV.N.AA''.  of  Columbia. 

Wood'lark  Island,  or  Mayon,  mi-On',  Louisiade 
Archipelago,  is  N.N.E.  of  the  S.E.  extremity  of  Papua. 

WoodMawn',  a  post-hamlct  of  Ouachita  co.,  Ark.,  15 
miles  AV.  by  S.  of  Caindcn.     It  has  a  church. 

Woodlawn,  a  post-hamlct  of  Alurray  co.,  Ga.,  in  a 
beautiful  valley,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Dalton.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  seminary. 

Woodlawn,  a  village  of  Richmond  co.,  Ga.,  is  a  west- 
ern suburb  of  Augusta. 

Woodlawn,  a  post-village  of  Jefferson  co..  111.,  on  the 
St.  Louis  &  Southeastern  Railroud,  7  miles  AV.  of  Mount 
Vernon.  It  has  a  plough-factory  and  a  wagon-shop.  Pop. 
about  400. 

Woodlawn,  a  station  on  the  Louisville,  Cincinnati  <fc 
Lexington  Railroad,  64  miles  E.  of  Louisville,  Ky. 

WoodlaAvn,  a  post-village  of  Cecil  co.,  Md.,  about  40 
miles  N.E.  of  Baltimore.  It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Woodlawn,  a  station  of  the  Missouri  Pacific  Railroad, 
13  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Woodlawn,  a  post-hamlct  in  AVoodlawn  township, 
Monroe  co..  Mo.,  on  the  Middle  Fork  of  Salt  River,  about 
18  miles  N.E.  of  Mobcrly.  It  has  4  stores.  Pop.  of  the 
township  in  1880,  1319. 

WoodlaAVn,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Lancaster  eo., 
Neb.,  on  the  Nebraska  Railroad,  6  miles  N.AV.  of  Lincoln. 

Woodlawn,  a  post-office  of  New  York  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  New  York  &  Harlem  Railroad,  12  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Grand  Central  Depot,  N.Y.  It  is  a  branch  of  the  Now  York 
Post-Office. 

Woodlawn,  a  hamlot  of  Gaston  co.,  N.C.,  on  or  near 
the  Catawba  River,  and  on  the  Carolina  Central  Railroad, 
at  Tuckasegce  Railroad  Station,  11  miles  N.AV,  of  Char- 
lotte. It  has  an  academy  and  a  cotton-mill.  There  are  3 
churches  in  the  vicinity. 

Woodlawn,  a  station  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  & 
Dayton  Railroad,  14  miles  N.  of  Cincinnati,  0. 


Woodlawn,  a  post-village  in  Hopewell  township, 
Beaver  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  the  Pittsburg  <k 
Lake  Erie  Railroad,  about  7  miles  S.  of  Rochester.  It  has 
a  grist-mill  and  a  saw-mill. 

Woodlawn,  a  post-office  of  Edgefield  co.,  B.C.,  15  miloi 
N.AV.  of  Augusta,  Ua, 

Woodlawn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  Tenn,, 
10  miles  W.  of  Clarksville.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  to- 
bacco-factory, 

Woodlawn,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co.,  Tex.,  on  tto 
Texas  A  Pacific  Railroad,  6i  miles  AV.  of  Jetfcrson. 

Wood  Lawn,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Va.,  24 
miles  from  Max  Meadows.     It  baa  an  iron-forge. 

Woodlawn  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Maury  co.,  Tcnn. 

Wood'leaf,  a  post-office  of  Rowan  co.,  N.C. 

Woo'dle  Island,  one  of  the  Gilbert  Islands,  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean,  is  in  lat.  0°  17'  N.,  Ion.  173°  27'  E. 

Wood'lyn,a  station  of  the  Jacksonville,  Northwestern 
&  Southeastern  Railroad,  S  miles  S.E.  of  Jacksonville,  HI. 

Wood'man,  a  post-village  in  AVoodman  township. 
Grant  co.,  AVis.,  on  the  S.  bank  of  the  AVisconsin  River, 
and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  Railroa^J,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Chicago  A  Tomah  Railroad,  22  miles  E.  by 
N.  of  Prairie  du  Chicn.  It  has  a  church  and  a  graded 
school.     Pop.  of  the  township,  502. 

Wood'mansic,a  post-hamlet  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  New  Jersey  Southern  Railroad,  8  miles  S.W.  of 
AAHiiting.  It  has  a  saw-mill  and  about  10  houses.  Cran- 
berries abound  here. 

Wood'mont,  a  post-office  of  Now  Haven  co.,  Conn., 
on  the  New  York,  New  Haven  &  Hartford  Railroad,  6  miloa 
S.AV.  of  New  Haven. 

Wood  Park,  a  post-office  of  Plaquemines  parish.  La. 

Wood  Point,  a  seaport  of  New  Brunswick,  co.  of 
AA'cstmoreland,  on  Cumberland  Basin,  5  miles  from  Sack- 
ville.     Pop.  150. 

Wood'port,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morris  co.,  N.J.,  in  Jef- 
ferson  township,  on  Hopatcong  Lake,  8  miles  N.AV.  of  Dover. 
It  has  a  church. 

Wood  Ridge,  a  post-village  in  Lodi  township,  Bergen 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  New  Jersey  <t  New  York  Railroad,  1 1 
miles  N.  of  Jersey  City.  It  has  a  church  and  a  sash-  and 
blind-factory. 

Wood'ridge,  a  post-office  of  Albemarle  co.,  Va. 

Woodridge,  a  post-village  in  Prince  co.,  Prince  Ed- 
ward Island,  40  miles  N.  by  AV.  of  Summerside.     Pop.  200. 

Wood  Riv'er,  a  mill-stream  of  Rhode  Island,  rises  in 
Kent  CO.,  and  unites  with  Charles  River  in  AVashington 
CO.,  to  form  the  Pawcatuck  River, 

Wood  River,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hall  co.,  Neb.,  on  the 
Union  Pacific  Railroad,  near  the  Platte  River,  10  miles  AV. 
by  S.  of  Grand  Island.     It  has  2  churches. 

Wood  River  Junction.    See  Richmond  Switch. 

Wood'row,  a  post-office  of  AVashington  eo..  Pa. 

Wood'ruff,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  central  part  of  Arkan- 
sas, has  an  area  of  about  530  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  AV.  by  the  AA'hito  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the 
Cache  River.  The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  exten- 
sively covered  with  forests  of  cypress,  ash,  hickory,  oak, 
and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Augusta.  A'al- 
uation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $2,880,000.  Pop.  in 
1870,  6891,  of  whom  0S38  were  Americans;  in  1880,8640. 

WoodrnfT,  a  hamlet  of  Hopkins  co.,  Ky.,  on  the  P.a- 
ducah  <t  Elizabethtown  llailroad,  6  miles  AV,  of  Nortonville. 

Woodruff,  a  post-office  of  Rich  oo.,  Utah. 

Wood  rutin's,  a  station  in  Cumberland  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
New  Jersey  Southern  llailroad,  3  wiles  N.E.  of  Bridgcton. 

Woodrufl''s,  a  post-hamlct  of  Spartanburg  co.,  S.C.,  13 
miles  S.  of  Spartanburg.    It  has  a  church  and  an  academy. 

Woodrufl''s  Creek,  Michigan.    See  lluiios  Rivkr. 

Woods,  a  station  in  Madison  co.,  III.,  on  the  llockford, 
Rock  Island  <fc  St.  Louis  llailroad,  4i  miles  N.  of  Alton 
Junction.    See  also  AVood's  Station. 

Wood's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Panola  co.,  Tex.,  40  miles  S. 
of  Marshall.     It  has  2  churches  and  an  academy. 

Wood's  Bluff,  a  post-office  of  Clarke  co.,  AU. 

Wood8'borougli,a  post-village  of  Frederick  co.,  JId., 
on  the  Frederick  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  1 1 
miles  N.E.  of  the  city  of  Frederick.  It  has  2  or  3  churcbe*. 
Pop.  about  400. 

Woods'burg,  a  post-village  and  summer  resort  of 
Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Hempstead  township,  neor  Rockaway 
Beach,  and  on  the  South  Side  llailroad,  20  miles  E.S.E.  of 
New  York  City,  It  has  4  churches,  also  2  summer  hotcU, 
one  of  which  has  accommodations  for  450  guests.  AA'ooJf- 
burg  commands  a  near  view  of  the  ocean. 


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Wood's  Corners,  a  post-hamlct  of  lonin  eo.,  MIoh., 
en  tho  Detroit,  Liin8ing  A  Northern  Railroad,  46  miles 
U.W.  of  Landing,  and  8  miles  N.  of  Ionia.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  saw-mill. 

\Vood'8  Creek,  a  small  stream  of  Tuolumne  co.,  Cal., 
rises  nt  tho  foot  of  tho  Sierra  Nevada,  and,  flowing  in  a 
general  S.W.  course,  enters  tho  Tuolumno  lUver. 

Wood's  Cross,  a  post-office  at  Bountiful  Village, 
Davis  CO.,  Utah,  on  tho  Utuh  Central  Railroad,  9  milos  N. 
of  Salt  Lake  City. 

Wood's  Cross  Ronds,  a  post-hamlct  of  Gloucester 
00.,  Va.,  12  miles  E.S.E.  of  West  Point.     Pop.  22, 

Woods'dalc,  a  post-hamlet  of  Person  co.,  N.C.,  in 
Woodsdnlo  township,  about  63  miles  N.N.W.  of  Raleigh. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  1596. 

AVoodsdalc,  a  post-hamlct  of  Butler  co.,  0.,  in  Madi- 
lon  township,  on  the  Miami  River,  about  6  milca  above 
Ilamilton.     It  has  a  pnpcr-mill. 

Wood's  Falls,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clinton  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
tho  Cha/.y  River,  and  on  tho  Ogdensburg  <t  Lake  Champlain 
Railroad,  IS  miles  W.S.W.  of  House's  Point.  It  has  a  lum- 
ber-mill, a  starch-factory,  Ac. 

Woods'lield,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Monroe  co.,  0., 
In  Centre  township,  about  33  miles  N.E.  of  Marietta,  and 
SO  milos  S.W.  of  Bellaire.  It  is  surrounded  by  a  hilly 
country.  It  contains  5  churches,  a  bank,  and  2  newspaper 
offices.     Pop.  753. 

Woods  Ilill,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  co.,  Tenn. 

Wood's  IIoll,  hOl,  a  post-village  in  Falmouth  town- 
ship, Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  on  tho  strait  which  connects  Buz- 
tard's  Bay  with  Vineyard  Sound,  20  miles  E.S.E.  of  New 
Bedford.  It  is  also  on  a  branch  of  tho  Capo  Cod  Railroad, 
71  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Boston.  It  has  a  safe  harbor  which  is 
deep  enough  to  admit  large  ships,  and  in  which  vessels  find 
refuge  in  stormy  weather.  It  contains  a  church  and  sev- 
eral summer  boarding-houses,  and  a  factory  for  fertilizers. 
Two  steamboats  ply  between  this  place  and  Oak  Bluffs  and 
Nantucket. 

Wood'side,  a  town  of  Scotland,  forming  a  northwestern 
suburb  of  Aberdeen.     Pop.  4290. 

Wood'side,  a  post-hamlct  of  S.an  Mateo  co.,  Cal.,  in  a 
beautiful  valley  at  the  base  of  an  evergreen  mountain,  6 
miles  W.  of  Redwood  City,  and  36  miles  S.  of  San  Fran- 
cisco.    It  has  several  saw-mills,  and  a  large  trade  in  lumber. 

Woodside,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Kent  co.,  Del., 
on  thoDeliiwaro  Railroad,  54  miles  S.  of  AVilmington. 

Woodside,  a  post-hamlct  in  Woodsido  township,  San- 
gamon CO.,  III.,  on  the  Chicago  <fc  Alton  Railroad,  6  miles  S. 
of  Springfield.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  of  township,  1385. 

Woodside,  a  post-office  of  Winneshiek  co.,  Iowa. 

Woodside,  a  post-office  of  Avoj-elles  p.arish,  La. 

Woodside,  a  township  of  Essex  co.,  N.J.,  with  a  sta- 
tion on  the  Erio  Railroad  (Paterson  &  Newark  Branch),  IJ 
miles  N.  of  Newark.     Pop.  of  township,  1172. 

Woodside,  a  post-village  of  Queens  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the 
Flushing  <fe  North  Side  Railroad,  6  miles  E.  of  New  York.  It 
has  2  churches  and  several  florists'  establishments.     P.  500. 

M'oodside,  a  station  in  Dauphin  co..  Pa.,  on  tho  Sum- 
xit  Branch  Railroad,  3  miles  E.  of  Millersburg. 

Woodside,  a  station  on  the  Philadelphia,  Newtown  & 
New  York  Railroad,  13  miles  N.E.  of  tho  initial  station  in 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Woodside,  a  station  in  Luzerne  co.,  Pa.,  tho  terminus 
of  a  branch  of  tho  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  I  mile  N.  of 
Jcddo.     Here  coal  is  mined. 

Woodside,  a  post-office  of  Ilcnrico  co.,  Va. 

Woodside,  a  post-office  of  St.  Croix  co.,  AVis. 

Wood'side,  a  post-villago  in  Mcgantio  co.,  Quebec,  14 
miles  S.E.  of  Somerset.     Pop.  100. 

Woodside  Park,  a  station  of  tho  Orange  Branch  of 
tho  Montclair  <k  Greenwood  Lake  Railroad,  9i  miles  W.  of 
Jersey  City,  N.J. 

Woods'lee,  a  post-village  in  Essex  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Bcllo  River,  and  on  a  railway,  21  miles  from  Amherst- 
burg.  It  contains  an  iron-foundry,  3  stores,  and  3  saw- 
mills.    Pop.  150. 

Wood'son,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Kansas,  has 
nn  area  of  504  square  milfts.  It  is  drained  by  tho  Neosho 
River,  which  runs  through  tho  N.E.  part,  and  by  Owl  and 
Turkey  Creeks.  Tho  Verdigris  River  touches  the  S.AV. 
corner  of  the  county.  Tho  surface  is  undulating,  and  is 
diversified  with  prairies  and  groves.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Maize,  oats,  wheat,  hay,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products. 
Tjimestono  is  found  here.  This  county  is  traversed  by  tho 
Missouri,  Kansas  it  Texas  Railroad.  Capital,  Yates  Centre. 
Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $1,600,411.  Pop.  in 
1870,  3827,  of  whom  3436  were  Americans ;  in  1880,  6535. 


Woodson,  a  post-hamlet  of  Morgan  eo.,  III.,  on  lli 
Chicago  <t  Alton  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Jackionvillo 
has  a  church.     Pop.  about  200. 

Woodson,  a  post-oflico  of  Summers  eo.,  W.  Va  ' 

Wood'sonvillc,  a  post-hamlct  of  Hart  co.,  Kv  n' 
Green  River,  opposite  Munfordville,  and  on  tho  Lou'lfvii 
A  Great  Southern  Railroad,  which  hero  crosses  the  river  ( 
a  fine  bridge.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  saw-uiil 
and  a  nursery.     Pop.  140. 

Wood's  Run,  a  post-office  of  Washington  co..  Pa. 

Wood's  Station,  a  post-hamlct  of  JufiTorson  co.,  Al:i 
on  tho  Alabama  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  4  milos  E.N.l 
of  Birmingham.  '  , 

Wood's  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butler  co.,  0.,  oi 
tho  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  9  mile 
N.W.  of  Hamilton.     It  has  a  church. 

Wood  Station,  a  post-office  of  Catoosa  co.,  fla. 

Wood'stock,  a  parliamentary  and  municipal  boron(;l 
and  town  of  England,  co.  and  8  miles  N.N.W.  of  Oxfonli 
on  the  Glyme.  Pop.  of  parliamentary  borough,  7477.  Ii 
has  a  church,  several  chapels,  a  town  hall,  nnd  a  market, 
place.  It  sends  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commoni 
Adjoining  the  town,  on  tho  S.,  is  Blenheim,  the  scat  of  ttit 
Duke  of  Marlborough.  (See  Bi.knhkim  Park.)  Under  tin 
Saxon  and  Norman  dynasties  Woodstock  w.as  a  roj'al  resi. 
dcnce;  and  hero  King  Alfred  resided  while  translating 
Boethius. 

Wood'stock,  a  post-office  of  Bibb  co.,  Ala.,  on  llio 
Alabama  &  Chattanooga  Railroad,  29  miles  S.W.  of  Lir 
mingham. 

Woodstock,  a  post-township  of  Windham  co..  Conn. 
Pop.  2955.  Itcontains  G  post-vilhigcs, — namely,  Woodstock, 
East  Woodstock,  North  Woodstock,  South  Woodstock,  West 
Woodstock,  and  AVoodstock  A'alley. 

Woodstock,  a  post- village  in  AVoodstock  township,! 
AA''indham  co.,  Conn.,  on  a  high  hill,  41  miles  E.N.E.  of  I 
Hartford,  and  5  miles  N.AV.  of  Putnam.  It  has  an  aead-l 
emy  (a  large  and  fine  building),  2  churches,  and  a  superior 
summer  hotel.     The  scenery  of  this  place  is  admirable. 

Woodstock,  a  post-office  of  Nassau  co.,  Fla.,  on  th« 
St.  Mary's  River. 

Woodstock,  a  post-hamlct  of  Cherokee  co.,  Ga.,  about 
28  miles  N.  by  AV.  of  Atlanta.  It  has  a  church,  an  acad- 
emj',  and  a  cotton -factory.     Gold  is  found  near  this  place. 

Woodstock,  a  post-town,  capital  of  Mcllcnry  co.,  III., 
in  Dorr  township,  on  tho  Chicago  &  Northwestern  Kail-  ! 
road,  51  miles  N.AV.  of  Chicago,  and  about  32  miles  E.  of 
Rockford.  It  contains  a  court-house,  6  churches,  a  national 
bank,  1  other  bank,  2  ncwspnper  offices,  the  Todd  Seminary 
for  boys,  and  a  largo  manufactory  of  pickles.     Pop.  1574. 

Woodstock,  a  township  of  Schuyler  co.,  111.    P.  1503. 

Woodstock,  a  township  of  AA' right  co.,  Iowa.    P.  216. 

Woodstock,  a  post-offico  of  Jefferson  co.,  Kansas,  12 
miles  N.  of  Lawrence. 

Woodstock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pulaski  co.,  Ky.,  H 
miles  S.S.AV.  of  Crab  Orchard.     It  has  a  church. 

Woodstock,  a  township  of  Oxford  co.,  Mc,  on  the 
Grand  Trunk  Railway,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Paris.  It  con- 
tains Bryant's  Pond.     Pop.  994. 

Woodstock,  a  post-offico  and  station  in  Howard  co., 
Md.,  on  the  Patapsco  River,  and  on  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio 
Railroad,  25  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Baltimore.  Here  is  a  Jesuit 
college  and  divinity  school. 

Woodstock,  Michig.an.     See  Kelly's  ConnEns. 

Woodstock,  township,  Lenawee  co.,  Mich.    Pop.  1315. 

Woodstock,  a  post-hamlct  in  AVoodstock  township, 
Grafton  co.,  N.II.,  on  the  Pemigcwasset  River,  18  miles  N. 
of  Plymouth.     Pop.  of  the  township,  405. 

Woodstock,  a  post-village  in  AVoodstock  township, 
Ulster  CO.,  N.Y.,  about  14  miles  AV.N.AV.  of  Kingston.  It 
has  3  churches,  a  tannery,  and  quarries  of  blue  fiagstono, 
the  working  of  which  is  the  principal  business  of  the  place. 
The  township  contains  Overlook  Mountain,  which  is  about 
3500  feet  high  and  commands  an  admirable  view.  Pop. 
of  the  township,  1945. 

Woodstock,  a  post-village  in  Rush  township,  Cham- 
paign CO.,  0.,  on  the  Columbus,  Chicago  &  Indiana  Central 
Railroad,  33  miles  AV.N.AV.  of  Columbus.  It  has  2  churches 
and  a  carriage-factory.    Pop.  500. 

Woodstock,  a  post-office  of  Shelby  co.,  Tenn.,  on  the 
Paducah  &  Memphis  Railroad,  10  miles  N.E.  of  .Alciiiphi.s. 

Woodstock,  a  beautiful  post-village, capital  of  Wind- 
sor CO.,  A''t.,  in  AVoodstock  township,  on  the  Qucchco  Iliver, 
and  on  tho  AA'^oodstock  Railroad,  14  miles  AV.  of  AVhita 
River  Junction.  It  contains  a  court-house,  6  churches,  a 
high  school,  a  national  bank,  a  savings-bank,  2  newspaper 
offices,  a  woollen-factory,  several  machine-shops,  saw-mills, 


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planing-millg,  flour-mills,  Ao.  In  the  centre  of  the  village 
IS  a  park,  on  which  are  situated  many  fine  buildings.  Pop. 
in  1880,  1266,  The  township  contains  Taftsville,  and  has 
a  pop.  of  2815.  Woodstock  Station  on  the  Vermont  Central 
Railroad  is  about  4  miles  N.W.  of  White  River  Junction. 

Woodstock,  a  hamlet  of  Accomack  co.,  Va.,  32  miles 
from  Franklin  Station.     It  has  2  churches  and  3  stores. 

Woodstock,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Shenandoah 
CO.,  Va.,  is  situated  in  the  fertile  Shenandoah  Valley,  1  mile 
AV.  of  the  North  Fork  of  the  Shenandoah  River,  and  on 
the  Valley  Branch  of  the  Baltimore  <fe  Ohio  Railroad,  63 
miles  N.N.E.  of  Staunton.  It  contains  4  or  5  churches,  a 
bank,  2  newspaper  offices,  a  graded  school,  and  a  foundry 
and  machine-shop.     Pop.  859. 

Woodstock,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richland  co..  Wis.,  about 
54  miles  E.S.E.  of  La  Crosse.  It  has  2  churches  and  2 
grist-mills. 

Wood'stock,  ft  town  and  port  of  entry  of  Ontario,  cap- 
ital of  the  CO.  of  Oxford,  on  the  river  Thames  and  Cedar 
Creek,  and  on  the  Great  Western  Railway,  49  miles  W.  of 
Hamilton,  and  29  miles  E.N.E.  of  London.  It  is  a  place 
of  considerable  trade,  has  good  water-power,  and  contains, 
besides  the  countj-  buildings,  8  churches,  13  hotels,  65 
stores,  2  branch  banks,  2  printing-offices  issuing  weekly 
newspapers,  grist-mills,  oat-  and  woollen-mills,  and  several 
furniture-factories.  It  has  2  literary  institutes,  and  a  flour- 
ishing educational  establishment  with  nearly  200  students 
and  a  full  staff  of  professors  and  teachers.  This  place  is 
visited  by  large  numbers  of  Americans  in  the  summer. 
Pop.  5000. 

Woodstock,  an  incorporated  town  of  New  Brunswick, 
capital  of  the  co.  of  Carleton,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  river 
St.  John,  at  the  N.  terminus  of  the  New  Brunswick  & 
Canada  Railway,  94  miles  N.  of  St.  Andrews,  and  at  the 
W.  terminus  of  a  branch  of  the  New  Brunswick  Railway, 
61  miles  N.AV.  of  Fredcricton,  and  130  miles  from  St.  John. 
It  contains  5  churches,  a  college,  a  convent,  a  grammar- 
school,  2  printing-offices  issuing  weekly  newspapers,  a 
number  of  stores,  several  hotels  and  mills,  and  manufac- 
tories of  iron  castings,  mill-machinery,  agricultural  imple- 
ments, leather,  furniture,  <tc.  Extensive  deposits  of  red 
hematite  iron  ore  are  found  a  short  distance  above  the 
town,  along  the  banks  of  the  Meduxnikeag,  at  its  entrance 
into  the  St.  John.  Largo  quantities  of  this  iron  have  been 
exported  to  England  for  use  in  plating  heavy-armored  ships. 
Woodstock  is  a  port  of  entry.     Pop.  2000. 

Woodstock  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  in  Woodstock 
township,  AVindham  co..  Conn.,  about  20  miles  N.N.E.  of 
Willimantic.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  a  tannery,  and 
a  manufactory  of  roller-cloth. 

Woods'tOAVii,  a  post-village  of  Salem  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Polesgrove  township,  on  Salem  Creek,  3  miles  from  York- 
town  Station,  about  10  miles  N.E.  of  Salem,  and  24  miles 
S.S.AV.  of  Philadelphia.  It  contains  4  churches,  a  national 
bank,  an  academy,  and  a  newspaper  office. 

Wood's  Valley,  a  post-hamlet  of  Dickson  co.,  Tenn., 
24  miles  S.W.  of  Clarksville.    It  has  a  grist-mill.   Pop.  50. 

Woods'villc,  a  post-village  in  Haverhill  township, 
Grafton  co.,  N.II.,  on  the  Connecticut  River,  at  the  mouth 
of  the  Lower  Ammonoosuc,  opposite  the  village  of  AVells 
River,  Vt.,  and  on  the  Boston,  Concord  &  Montreal  Railroad, 
at  its  junction  with  the  White  Mountain  Railroad,  93  miles 
N.  by  W.  of  Concord, 

Woodsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Mercer  co,,  N.J.,  12 
miles  N.  by  AV.  of  Trenton, 

Woodsville,  a  hamlet  of  Orange  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Green- 
Tille  township,  8  miles  S.AV.  of  Middletown. 

Wood'valc,  a  borough  of  Cambria  co..  Pa.,  2  miles 
from  Johnstown.  It  has  a  flour-mill,  a  tannery,  and  a 
woollen-factory. 

Woodview,  Morrow  co.,  0.    See  AA'ooDnuRY. 

Wood'villc,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Ala.,  on  the 
Memphis  A  Charleston  Railroad,  25  miles  S.E.  of  llunts- 
Tille.     It  has  a  church  and  a  flouring-mill. 

Woodvlllc,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tulare  co.,  Cal.,  7  miles 
from  Tipton  Station  of  the  Central  Pacific  Railroad,  and 
about  12  miles  S.E.  of  A'isalia.     It  has  a  church. 

Woodvlllc,  a  post-hamlet  in  AVashington  township, 
Litchfield  co..  Conn.,  about  20  miles  N.AV.  of  AA'aterbury. 
It  has  a  church. 

Woodville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  Ga.,  on  the 
Athens  Branch  of  the  Georgia  Railroad,  35  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Athens,  and  10  miles  N.E.  of  Greensborough.  It  has  a 
ehurch. 

Woodville,  a  post-bamlet  of  Adams  co..  111.,  on  the 
Carthage  division  of  the  Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy 
Railroad,  about  22  miles  N.N.E.  of  Quincy. 


Woodville,  a  township  of  Greene  co.,  111.     Pop.  1353 

Woodville,  a  station  in  Carroll  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Lo- 
gansport,  Crawfordsvillo  &  Southwestern  Railroad,  10  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Logansport. 

Woodville,  a  hamlet  of  Jackson  co.,  Ind.,  about  43 
miles  N.N.AV.  of  New  Albany. 

Woodville,  a  post-office  of  AVinncshiek  co.,  Iowa,  10 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Decorah. 

Woodville,  a  post-office  of  Russell  co.,  Kansas. 

Woodville,  a  post-hamlet  of  McCracken  co.,  Ky.,  15 
miles  AV.N.AV.  of  Paducah.     It  has  an  academy. 

Woodville,  a  hamlet  of  Taylor  co.,  Ky.,  7  miles  N.AV. 
of  Campbellsville.  The  name  of  its  post-office  is  Sugar 
Tree  Spring. 

Woodville,  a  post-office  of  Penobscot  co..  Me.,  in  AVood- 
ville  Plantation,  67  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Bangor. 

Woodville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Frederick  co.,  Md. 

Woodville,  Prince  George's  co.,  Md.    See  Aquasco. 

Woodville,  a  post-hamlct  in  Ilopkinton  township, 
Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  about  14  miles  E.  by  S.  of  AVorccstcr. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  boots. 

Woodville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Newaygo  co.,  Mich.,  is  at 
Traverse  Road  Station  on  the  Chicago  &,  AVest  Michigan 
Railroad,  11  miles  AV.S.AV.  of  Big  Rapids. 

Woodville,  a  township  of  AVascca  co.,  Minn.    P.  679. 

Woodville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  AVilkinson  co.. 
Miss.,  35  miles  S.  of  Natchez,  15  miles  E.of  the  Mississippi 
River,  and  24  miles  N.  of  Bayou  Sara,  La.  It  contains  7 
churches  (2  colored),  a  banking-house,  a  newspaper  office, 
an  academy,  and  a  carriage-factory.  AVoodville  is  the  N. 
terminus  of  a  railroad  which  connects  it  with  Bayou  Sara. 
Pop.  about  1200. 

Woodville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Macon  co.,  Mo.,  12  miles 
S.E.  of  Macon.     It  has  2  dry-goods  stores. 

Woodville,  a  post-office  of  Platte  co.,  Neb. 

Woodville,  a  hamlet  of  Mercer  co.,  N.J.,  in  IIopcwcll 
township,  3  miles  from  Hopewell  Station.    It  has  a  church. 

Woodville,  a  hamlet  of  Somerset  co.,  N.J.,  li  miles 
from  Roysfield. 

Woodville,  a  post-village  in  Ellisburg  township,  Jef- 
ferson CO.,  N.Y.,  on  North  Sandy  Creek,  about  2  miles  from 
Lake  Ontario,  and  20  miles  S.AV.  of  AVatcrtown.  It  has  a 
church,  a  paper-mill,  a  flour-mill,  and  manufactures  of 
carriages,  sash,  and  blinds. 

Woodville,  a  hamlet  in  AVcst  Sparta  township,  Liv- 
ingston CO.,  N.Y.,  2  miles  from  Dansvillo.  It  has  a  church 
and  a  flour-mill. 

Woodville,  a  hamlet  of  Ontario  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Canan- 
daigua  Lake,  at  its  head  or  S.  end,  16  miles  S.  of  Canan- 
daigua.     It  has  a  hotel  and  2  or  3  warehouses. 

Woodville,  a  townshij)  of  Bertie  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  1535, 

Woodville,  a  post-hamlct  of  Perquimans  co.,  N.C,  50 
miles  S.  of  Norfolk,  A'a.     It  has  3  churches. 

Woodville,  Clermont  co.,  0.    See  AVest  AA'oodvillb. 

Woodville,  a  post-village  in  AVoodville  township,  San- 
dusky CO.,  0.,  on  Portage  River,  and  on  the  Toledo,  Tiffin 
&  Eastern  Railroad,  17  miles  S.S.E.  of  Toledo,  and  4  miles 
S.AV.  of  Elmore.  It  has  4  churches,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  saw- 
mill. It  is  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Toledo  A  \VoodviIle  Rail- 
road.    Pop.  about  600. 

Woodville,  a  post-office  of  Jackson  co.,  Oregon. 

Woodville,  a  post-village  of  Alleghany  co..  Pa.,  on 
Chartiers  Creek  and  the  Chartiers  Railroad,  10  miles  S.AV. 
of  Pittsburg.     It  has  2  churches.     Coal  is  mined  near  it. 

Woodville,  a  village  in  North  Providence  township, 
Providence  co.,  R.I.,  2  miles  from  Ccntredale.  It  has  dye- 
ing- and  bleach-works.  A  lino  of  omnibuses  connects  it 
with  Providence.     Pop.  132. 

Woodville,  a  post-hamlet  of  AVashington  co.,  R.T.,  on 
AVood  River,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Stonington  <fe  Provi- 
dence Railroad,  about  33  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Providence.  It 
has  a  church  and  2  woollen-mills.     Pop.  136. 

Woodville,  a  post-office  of  Greenville  co.,  S.C. 

Woodville,  apost-hamlet  of  Haywood  co.,Tenn.,  about 
60  miles  N.E.  of  Memphis.     It  has  2  churches. 

Woodville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Tyler  co.,  Tex., 
about  110  miles  N.E.  of  Houston,  It  has  a  church  and  a 
high  school. 

Woodville,  a  post-bamlet  of  Rappahannock  co.,  Va., 
about  44  miles  S.  of  AVinchester. 

Woodville,  a  township  of  Calumet  co.,  Wis.    P.  1329. 
SVoodvillc,  a  post-office  of  St.  Croix  co.,  AVis.,  on  th« 
AVest  AVisconsin  Railroad,  4  miles  E.  of  Baldwin. 

Woodville,  a  post-village  in  Hants  co.,  Nora  Scotia, 
6  miles  from  Newport.     Pop.  100. 

Woodville,  a  post-village  in  Victoria  co.,  Ontario,  on 
2  railways,  68  miles  N.W.  of  Port  Hope,  and  63  milea 


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N.N.E.  of  Toronto.    It  contains  a  foundry,  a  flouring-uiill, 
6  ."tores,  and  3  hotclii.    Pop.  4U(). 

WoodvilJc,  a  humlct  in  Kings  oo.,  Nora  Scotia,  2} 
miles  from  Canibii<lgc.     I'op.  300. 

Woodvillc  Plautatiou,  a  township  of  Penobscot  co., 
Mo.      Pon.  170. 

Woou'ward)  a  hanilot  of  Butler  co.,  Kansas,  on  tlio 
Florence,  E\  Dorado  »t  Walnut  Valley  llailroad,  8  miles  N. 
of  El  Dorado. 

Woodward,  a  post-bamlot  in  Haines  township,  Centre 
CO.,  Pa.,  about  20  lujios  S.  by  E.  of  Lock  Ilavon.  It  has  2 
ciairchti$,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  lumber,  and  whisky. 

Woodward,  a  township  of  Clearfield  co.,  Pa.    P.  6105. 

Woodward,  a  township  of  Clinton  co..  Pa.     P.  10(51. 

Woodward,  a  township  of  Lycoming  co..  Pa.     P.  737. 

Woodward,  Fairfield  co,,  S.C.     See  Yonouksvii.i-k. 

Woodward's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Estill  co.,  Ky. 

Woodward's  Hollow,  a  post-hamlet  of  Erie  co., 
N.Y.,  24  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Buffalo.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Wood'wardvillc,apost-officoof  Anne  Arundel  CO.,  Md. 

Wood'wortli,  a  post-hamlet  of  Iroquois  co.,  111.,  in 
Ash  (Jrovo  township,  9  miles  W.N.W.  of  Milford.  It  has  2 
churches. 

Woodworth,  a  post-hamlet  in  Boardman  township, 
ISLihoning  co.,  0.,  about  7  miles  S.  of  Youngstown.  It  has 
4  iitcam  saw-mills. 

Woodworth,  a  post-hamlet  in  Bristol  town.ship,  Ke- 
nosha CO.,  Wis.,  on  the  Kenosha  ifc  llockford  lino  of  the 
Chicago  <fc  Northwestern  Railroad,  10  miles  W.  of  Kenosha. 
It  has  a  chceso-faotory  and  a  mineral  spring. 

Woodworth  Bay,  a  settlement  in  Kings  co.,  Nova 
Scotia,  on  the  Bay  of  Fundy,  13  miles  from  Port  Williams 
Station.     Pop.  100. 

Wood'yard,  a  station  in  Edgar  co.,  111.,  on  the  Paris 
&  Danville  llailroad,  20  miles  S.  of  Danville. 

Woodyard,  a  station  on  the  Louisville,  New  Albany 
&  Chicago  llailroad,  4i  miles  N.N.W.  of  Bloomington,  Ind. 

Woodyards,  a  post-office  of  Alliens  co.,  0. 

Woody  Island,  in  Placentia  Bay,  Newfoundland,  is 
10  miles  from  Harbor  Buffet. 

Woody's  Corner,  a  post-office  of  Parke  co.,  Ind. 

Woo-IIoo,  a  treaty-port  of  China,  province  of  Ngan- 
Hoci,  on  the  Yang-tse-Kiang,  about  50  miles  above  Nan- 
king. It  h.as  a  trade  in  silk  goods,  tea,  cotton,  <tc.,  which 
is  facilitated  by  several  canals.     Pop.  about  40,000. 

Wool,  a  post-office  of  Pope  co.,  111. 

Wool 'dale,  a  town  of  England,  in  Yorkshire,  West 
Riding,  5  miles  S.  of  HuddersCeld.  It  has  manufactures 
of  woollen  stuffs.     Pop.  4454. 

Wool'er,  a  market-town  and  parish  of  England,  co.  of 
Northumberland,  on  a  small  affluent  of  the  Till,  46  miles 
N.W.  of  Newcastle-unon-Tyne.  Pop.  1610.  The  town  is 
situated  on  the  declivity  of  the  Cheviot  Hills.  In  the 
vicinity  are  remains  of  ancient  fortifications,  and  a  stone 
pillar  commemorative  of  the  victory  of  the  Percies  over  the 
Scots  in  the  reign  of  Henry  IV. 

Wool'er,  or  Smith's  Corners,  a  post-village  in 
Northumberland  co.,  Ontario,  on  Cold  Creek,  9  miles  N.W. 
of  Trenton.  It  contains  2  stores  and  a  saw-  and  grist-mill. 
Pop._120. 

Wool  folk,  wSol'fok,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  Va. 

Wooli,  woo'Iee,  a  state  of  West  Africa,  in  Senegambia, 
having  N.  Bambook. 

Woolima,  woore-ml^  written  alsoYonlima,  a  river 
of  West  Africa,  jNIandingo  countrj',  falls  into  the  Senegal. 

Woo-Ling-Shan,  or  Wou-Ling-Chan,  a  moun- 
tain of  China,  province  of  Pc-Chce-Lee.  Lat.  40°  43'  N. ; 
Ion.  117°  27'  E. 

Woollam,  wSSriara,  a  post-office  of  Gasconade  co.. 
Mo.,  about  38  miles  E.S.E.  of  Jefferson  City. 

Woolley's  (w65riiz)  Ford,  a  post-office  of  Hall  co., 
Ga.,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Gainesville. 

Wooll'ya,  a  native  settlement  of  South  America, 
Terra  del  Fuego,  on  tho  N.W.  shore  of  Navarin  Island. 
Lat.  55°  S. ;  Ion.  68°  AV.  It  is  of  pleasing  appearance, 
rising  gently  from  tho  water-side  into  moderate  hills, 
clothed  with  the  finest  timber  in  the  country,  is  well 
watered,  and  has  rich  grass. 

Woolsey,  woSl'se,  a  village  of  Escambia  co.,  Fla.,  on 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Pens.aeola.  It  is  ad- 
jacent to  Warrington  and  the  United  States  Navy-Yard. 
It  has  a  church. 

Woolsey's,  a  station  of  the  Mercer  &  Somerset  Rail- 
road, 2  miles  S.  of  Pennington,  N,J. 

Woolsey's  College,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co.,Tenn. 

Wool 'stock,  a  post-office  of  Wright  co.,  Iowa,  in 
VToolstock  township,  about  10  miles  N.  of  Webster  City. 


Wool'ton,  or  3Iuch  Woolton,  a  town  of  Ennlun,! 
CO.  ot  Lancaster,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Piescott.     Pop.  404  1 

Woolwich,  wool'itch  or  wflol'ij,  a  town  and  formerly  i» 
naval  port  of  England,  co.  of  Kent,  on  the  Thnme.1,7  ,ui|„ 
E.S.L.  of  St.  Paul's,  London,  and  now  included  in  tlia 
metropolis.  Pop.  35,597.  The  town,  about  1  niilo  in 
length,  is  on  an  elevated  site,  sejiarated  from  the  Tlinmoj 
by  tho  doek-yard.  It  lias  2  churches,  several  chiipil?  ,  , ; 
dissenters'  meeting-houses,  numerous  schools,  and  u  tli. 
Tho  dock -yard,  the  most  ancient  in  the  kingdom,  lia.«  l„ ,  j 
enlarged  of  late  years,  and  has  some  very  line  dook«.  Wwl- 
wich  has  tho  largest  arsenal  in  Britain,  covering  more  than 
100  ocres,and  containing  nearly  24,000  pieces  of  ordnanui' 
besides  other  warlike  materials  for  tho  army  and  navy  i 
royal  laboratory,  Ac.  It  is  tho  headijiiarlers  of  theroynl 
horse-  and  foot-artillery  and  royal  sappers  and  inincrc,  f.,r 
whom,  and  other  corps,  there  are  cxtcn.sivc  barracks  hero 
On  a  fine  parade-ground,  S.  of  tho  town,  are  a  repository  fur 
military  models  and  an  observatory.  It  is  tho  seat  uf  a 
royal  military  academy  for  engineering  and  artillery. 

Wool'wich,  a  post-village  of  Sagadahoc  co.,  i\Ic.,  in 
Woolwich  townsliij),  on  the  E.  bank  of  the  Kennebec  Iliver, 
and  on  the  Kno.x  A  Lincoln  llailroad,  1  mile  N.lv.  of  Laiii! 
Tho  township  contains  6  churches,  and  is  bounded  on  the 
S.E.  by  an  inlet  of  tho  sea.  About  80,000  tons  of  ico  nro 
exported  from  it  annually.  Pop.  of  the  township,  IICS. 
Woolwich,  township,  Gloucester  co.,  N..I.  Pop.  3700. 
Woon,  or  Wun,  woon,  a  town  of  India,  in  Cerar,about 
40  miles  N.W.  of  Clianda.     Pop.  3882. 

Woo^nasquatuck'et,  or  M'o'nasquatock'ct,  iv 
small  stream  of  Providence  co.,  ll.I.,  flows  S.E.,  and  faili 
into  Narragansett  Bay  at  Providence. 

Woon^sock'et,  a  post-town  of  Providence  co.,  R.I.,  ii 
situated  on  both  sides  of  the  Blackstone  River,  16  miles  N. 
by  W.  of  Providence,  38  miles  S.W.  of  Boston,  and  28  wiles 
S.S.E.  of  Worcester,  It  is  on  the  Providence  &,  Worcester 
Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Woonsocket  division  of 
the  Boston,  Hartford  &  Erie  Railro.-id.  Another  railroad 
connects  it  with  Hopkinton,  Mass.  It  contains  6  national 
banks,  a  high  school,  the  Harris  Institute  with  a  library  of 
about  7500  volumes,  printing-offices  which  issue  1  daily  and 
2  weekly  newspajiers,  and  7  or  8  churches.  Tho  prosperity 
of  this  town  is  derived  mainly  from  manufactures  of  cottons, 
woollen  goods,  Ac.  Tho  celebrated  Harris  cloths  are  made 
here.  About  4000  persons  are  employed  hero  in  the  manu- 
facture of  cotton,  and  2400  in  the  woollen-mills.  It  haj  a 
foundry,  a  machine-shop,  and  a  manufactory  of  rubber 
shoes.     Pop.  in  1880,  16,050  ;  in  1890,  20,8;!0, 

Near  this  town  is  Woonsocket  Hill,  which  is  said  to  be  the 
highest  land  in  the  state,  and  cominands  a  fine  view  of  the 
populous  val'cy  of  tho  Blackstone  River, 

Woos'ter,  a  post-office  of  Kosciusko  co,,  Ind.,  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  ifc  Chicago  Railroad,  0  miles  E.  by 
S.  of  Warsaw. 

Wooster,  a  post-village  in  Cedar  township,  Jefferson 
CO.,  low.a,  on  Big  Cedar  Creek,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Fairfield. 

Woo.ster,  a  city,  the  capital  of  Wayne  co.,  0.,  is  situ- 
ated on  Killbuck  Creek,  and  on  the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne 
&  Chicago  Railroad,  25  miles  W.  of  Jlnssillon,  40  miles  E. 
of  Mansfield,  and  about  55  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Cleveland.  It 
is  well  built,  and  surrounded  by  a  beautiful  and  undulating 
country,  of  which  it  commands  an  extensive  view.  H  is 
the  seat  of  the  University  of  Wooster  (Presbyterian),  which 
was  organized  in  1870  and  has  15  instructors  and  about 
165  students.  AV'ooster  contains  13  churches,  a  high  school, 
a  court-house,  2  national  bank.s,  and  2  newspaper  offices, 
and  has  manufactures  of  engines,  reapers,  mowers,  flour, 
threshing-machines,  furniture,  organs,  brushes,  wagons, 
whips,  &c.     Pop.  in  1880,  5840;  in  1890,  51MII. 

Woos'tertown,  a  hamlet  of  Scott  co.,  Ind.,  about  20 
miles  W.  of  Madison.     It  has  a  church. 

Woo-Sung,  a  small  maritime  town  of  China,  province 
of  Kiang-Soo,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Woo-Sung  River,  10 
miles  N.  of  Shang-llai.  It  was  strongly  fortified  by  the 
Chinese,  but  was  taken  by  the  British  in  1843, 

Woo^sung',  a  post-hiimlet  of  Ogle  co.,  111.,  on  the  Illi- 
nois Central  llailroad,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Dixon.  It  hai 
a  church. 

Woo'ten,  a  post-office  of  Blount  c>.,  Ala.,  about  50 
miles  S.  of  Huntsville. 

Wootcn's,  a  station  in  Gaston  co.,  N.C.,  on  the  At- 
lanta &  Richmond  Air-Line  Railroad,  25  miles  W.  of 
Charlotte. 
Woot 'ten's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Telfair  co.,  Ga. 
Woot'ton-Bas'set,  a  disfranchised  borough,  market- 
town,  and  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Wilts,  on  the  Great 
Western  Railway,  6  miles  W.  of  Swindon.    Pop.  of  parish, 


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2392.  The  town  has  a  market-houso  in  its  centre.  The 
church  13  an  ancient  structure,  and  hero  are  also  a.  chapol 
for  Independents,  and  an  endowed  grammar-school. 

Worb,  <Voup,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  5 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Bern.     Pop.  of  parish,  3066. 

Worbis,  \tou'bis,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  43  miles 
j  N.W.  of  Erfurt,  on  the  Wipper.     Pop.  1939. 

Worbis,  Brciteu,  bri't?n  ^on'bis,  a  village  of  Prug- 
sian  Saxony,  4  miles  E.S.E.  of  Worbis,  on  the  Wipper. 
Pop.  1904. 

Worcester,  woos't?r,  or  Worcestershire,  woos't^r- 
ghir,  an  inland  county  of  England,  with  a  very  irregular 
outline  and  many  detached  portions,  but  mostly  bounded 
by  the  cos.  of  Warwick  on  the  E.,  Gloucester  on  the  S., 
liereford  on  the  AV.,  and  Salop  and  Stafford  on  the  N. 
Area,  738  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1891,  413,755.  It  is  fer- 
tile, well  watered,  and  richly  wooded.  Principal  rivers,  the 
Severn,  and  its  affluents  the  Avon  and  Terae,  all  having  a 
S.  course.  The  Malvern  Hills  in  the  S.W.  separate  it  from 
Herefordshire.  AVheat  is  extensively  raised;  hops  are  an 
important  crop  in  some  parts;  orchai'ds  are  numerous,  and 
a  great  deal  of  cider  and  perry  is  made.  Coal  is  found  at 
Dudley;  in  a  N.  detached  district  at  Droitwich  are  brine 
springs;  building-stone  and  olay  are  other  chief  minerals. 
Carpets  are  made  at  Kidderminster,  glass-  and  iron-wares 
at  Dudley  and  Stourbridge,  gloves  and  porcelain  at  Wor- 
i  cester,  and  needles  and  fish-hooks  at  Redditch.  Kumcrous 
i  canals,  and  the  Birmingham  <S;  Gloucester  Railway,  inter- 
sect the  county.  Worcestershire  is  divided  into  10  divisions, 
in  the  diocese  of  Worcester,  and  Oxford  circuit.  After 
Worcester,  the  capital,  the  principal  towns  are  Evesham, 
'  Droitwich,  Kidderminster,  Dudley,  Oldbury,  Malvern,  and 
Stourbridge.  The  county  with  its  boroughs  sends  eight 
members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Worcester,  a  city  and  parliamentary  and  municipal 
1  borough  of  England,  a  county  of  itself,  and  capital  of  the 
i  county  of  Worcester,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Severn,  with 
1  stations  on  branch  lines  of  the  Great  Western  and  Midland 
Railways,  25  miles  S.AV.  of  Birmingham.     Pop.  of  city  in 
1891,  42,905.     It  is  one  of  the  best-built  and  handsomest 
j  cities  in  the  kingdom.     The  streets  are  regular,  wide,  and 
!  well  paved.     On  the  S.  the  cathedral  and  college  precincts 
I  occupy  an  extensive  area.     The  cathedral  was  founded  in 
j   680 ;  the  present  edifice,  dating  from  the  fourteenth  cen- 
tury, is  an  elegant  plain  Gothic  building,  with  a  fine  cen- 
tral tower  200  feet  in  height.    Adjoining  it  are  the  cloisters, 
I  with  residences  of  the  cathedral  dignitaries,  the  chapter- 
house, with  a  valuable  library,  a  large  ancient  hall,  now 
occupied  by  the  King's  school,  and  the  bishop's  palace.     It 
has  several  churches,  the  principal  of  which  are  St.  An- 
drews, St.  Clement,  and  St.  Nicholas,  besides  chapels  for 
Roman  Catholics,  Independents,  Calvinists,  Baptists,  and 
Wesleyans,  and  Huntingdon  and  Friends'  meeting-houses. 
It  has  a  guild  hall,  county  court,  county  and  city  jails,  mar- 
!   kct-house,  house  of  industry,  county  infirmary,  buildings 
of  various  schools  and  charity  institutions,  a  museum  of 
natural  history,  a  theatre,  a  royal  grammar-school,  founded 
by  Henry  VIII.,  a  free  grammar-school,  founded  by  Queen 
Elizabeth,  Lancasterian  and  several  other  endowed  schools, 
several  hospitals  and  charities,  a  female  penitentiarj-,  ojih- 
thalmic,  lying-in,  and  other  medical   institutions,  a  dis- 
pensary, and  humane  and  other  societies.     Tlie  principal 
manufactures  are  china-wares,  gloves,  lace,  spirits,  leather, 
nails,  and  turned  wares.     There  are  extensive  iron-works 
on  the  canal  and  river-banks;  and  the  city  is  the  centre 
of  a  large  trade  in  corn  and  hops.     Warehouses  and  quays 
border  the  Severn,  which  is  here  navigable  for  large  barges, 
and  Worcester  is  the  entrep«)t  for  a  large  and  populous  dis- 
trict.    It  sends  two  members  to  the  House  of  Commons. 
Under  the  name  of  Caer  Gnoniiirjou,  it  was  one  of  the  prin- 
cipal cities  of  the  ancient  Britons,  and  in  the  early  Saxon 
period  became  the  second  bishopric  in  Mercia. 

Worcester,  woos'ter,  the  most  southeastern  county  of 
Maryland,  bordering  on  Delaware,  has  an  area  of  about 
475  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  B.  by  the  Atlantic 
Ocean,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Pocomoke  River.  The 
surface  is  level,  and  nearly  half  of  it  is  covered  with  forests 
of  the  oak,  cedar,  pine,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  partly 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  oats,  lumber,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  partly  traversed  by  the  Baltimore 
A  Eastern  Shore  and  Philadelphia,  AVilmington  &  Balti- 
more Railroads.  Capital,  Snow  Hill.  Pop.  in  1870, 16,419 ; 
in  1880,  19,539;  in  1890,  19,747. 

Worcester,  woos't§r  or  woors't^r,  the  largest  and  most 
central  county  of  Massachusetts,  borders  on  Connecticut, 
Rhode  Island,  and  New  Hampshire.  Area,  about  1551  square 
miles.    It  is  drained  by  the  Assabet,  Blackstone,  Chicopee, 

180 


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Miller's,  French,  Nashua,  Quincbaug,  and  AVare  Rivera, 
which  rise  in  it  and  run  in  various  directions,  aObrding 
abundant  water-power.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  hilly, 
and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  the  ash, 
beech,  elm,  hickory,  white  oak,  sugar-maple,  and  other 
trees.  In  the  N.  central  part  of  the  county,  Wachusett 
Mountain  rises  to  the  height  of  2018  feet.  'The  soil  is  fer- 
tile and  adapted  to  pasturage.  Hay,  butter,  milk,  jtotatoes, 
cheese,  Indian  corn,  and  apples  are  the  £ta])le  products. 
Gneiss,  mica,  slate,  and  granite  underlie  a  large  part  of  the 
soil.  Many  of  the  inhabitants  are  employed  in  manufac- 
tories of  boots  and  shoes,  cotton  goods,  woollen  goods,  ic. 
It  is  intersected  by  railroads  named  the  Boston  &  Albany, 
the  Boston  A  Maine,  the  Fitchburg,  and  other  lines.  Pop. 
in  1870,  192,716;  in  1880,  226,897;  in  1890,  280,787. 

Worcester,  a  city  and  one  of  the  capitals  of  Worcester 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  Blackstone  River,  in  lat.  42°  IS'  17"  N.,  Ion. 
71°  48'  13"  W.,  and  on  several  railways,  the  chief  of  which 
are  the  Boston  &  Albany,  the  Providence  <fc  Worcester,  the 
Norwich  &  Worcester,  the  AVorcester,  Nashua  <fe  Rochester, 
and  the  Fitchburg.  It  is  44  miles  S.W.  of  Boston,  43  miles 
N.AV.  of  Providence,  R.I.,  and  is  near  the  geographical  cen- 
tre of  the  state.  It  is  laid  out  rather  with  reference  to  the 
irregular  and  diversified  surface  than  to  any  mathematical 
plan,  and  has  an  unusually  largo  number  of  fine  build- 
ings, public  and  private,  numerous  lines  of  street  railway 
on  which  both  electric  and  horse-cars  are  used,  a  good 
water  supply  from  two  distinct  sources,  gas-  and  electric- 
light-works,  an  extensive  drainage  system  with  the  largest 
works  for  the  purification  of  sewage  by  chemical  precipita- 
tion in  America,  and  a  well-organized  fire  department.  The 
city  has  important  manufactures  of  a  very  great  variety  of 
articles,  such  as  farm-implements,  boots  and  shoes,  woollens, 
cottons,  all  kinds  of  machinery,  furniture,  card-clothing, 
stone-ware,  tools,  carpets,  wire  goods,  boijors,  hardware, 
musical  instruments,  arms,  wrenches,  cor.-'ets,  skates,  en- 
velopes, Ac,  the  manufacture  of  boots  and  shoes  being  a 
loading  industry  :  in  this  single  branch  there  are  26  nianu- 
faotories,  producing  about  $5,000,000  worth  of  boots  and 
shoes  yearly.  For  the  manufacture  of  woollen  goods  there 
are  about  14  establishments.  The  iron-manufacture  is, 
however,  the  first  in  importance,  one  branch  of  it,  that  of 
wire,  em|)loying  several  thousand  men,  the  wire-mills  being 
the  most  extensive  in  the  world.  Worcester  has  6  national 
banks,  4  savings-banks,  a  clearing-house,  4  private  bank- 
ing-houses, and  5  insur.auce  companies,  and  is  the  seat  of 
publication  of  4  daily  and  2  weekly  newspapers,  besides  a 
variety  of  other  periodical  publications.  One  weekly  news- 
paper, the  "  Massachusetts  Spy,"  has  been  published  con- 
secutively for  123  years.  It  has  many  important  public 
institutions,  among  which  are  2  extensive  state  lunatic  hos- 
pitals, a  city  hospital,  a  home  for  aged  women,  a  home  for 
old  men,  an  orphans'  home,  an  Odd-Fellows'  home,  built 
and  maintained  by  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Massachusetts,  a 
Young  Men's  and  a  Young  Women's  Christian  Association, 
each  owning  a  handsome  and  beautifully-equipped  build- 
ing. The  system  of  public  instruction  is  very  effective, 
with  schools  of  every  grade.  Among  the  more  noted  in- 
stitutions are  the  Jesuit  College  of  the  Holy  Cross,  with 
extensive  buildings  (the  principal  educational  establish- 
ment of  the  Roman  Catholics  in  New  England),  Clark 
University  (founded  in  1887  for  post-graduate  work  in  the 
departments  of  mathematics,  physics,  chemistry,  biology, 
psychology,  and  education,  offering  liberal  fellowships  and 
scholarships  in  these  departments  to  advanced  men), 
Worcester  Academy  (a  Baptist  school  with  a  large  endow- 
ment), the  State  Normal  School,  the  Highland  Military 
Academy,  the  AVorcester  Polytechnic  Institute  (a  well- 
endowed  institution,  with  costly  workshops  and  laborato- 
ries, and  a  fine  school-building),  2  convents,  schools  for 
Roman  Catholic  children,  a  music  school,  the  AA'orocster 
Natural  History  Society  (with  a  fine  building,  valuable 
cabinets,  and  a  park  of  40  acres,  on  which  is  maintained 
for  two  months  yearly  a  summer  camp  and  school  for  boys), 
the  AVoroester  County  Musical  Association  (which  holds  a 
great  music  festival  yearly),  the  American  Antiquarian 
Society  (with  a  library  of  90,000  volumes  and  valuable 
cabinets),  the  AVorcester  Society  of  Antiquity  (which  also 
has  a  handsome  building  with  library  and  interesting  his- 
torical collection),  a  free  public  library  and  reading-room 
with  more  than  70,000  volumes,  a  county  law  libnary,  a 
mechanics'  association  with  library  and  reading-room,  and 
a  horticultural  hall  and  library.  There  are  76  churches 
of  various  denominations,  and  also  several  independent 
religious  societies.  The  Union  Depot,  for  the  principal 
railways,  is  a  large,  handsome,  and  expensive  granite 
building.    The  county  court-houses,  and  the  high-school 


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building,  among  the  finest  in  New  England,  are  notable 
and  costly  structures.  There  are  11  public  parks  well  dis- 
tribujtoJ  in  different  parts  of  the  city,  wilh  an  area  in  the 
*gg''«g"''®  of  nearly  400  acres.  In  the  central  park  is  a 
soldiers'  monument,  also  a  monument  to  the  memory  of 
Colonel  Timothy  Bigelow,  of  the  Kevolutionary  army. 
Another  park  borders  on  Lake  Quinsigamond,  a  pictu- 
resque sheet  of  water  nearly  six  miles  long,  which  is  the 
chief  suburban  pleasure-resort.  Worcester  (at  first  called 
Quonsigamog  or  Quinsigamond)  was  settled  in  1675,  but 
afterwards  abandoned  on  account  of  Indian  attacks ;  per- 
manently settled  in  1713;  incorporated  as  a  town  in  1684, 
and  as  a  city  in  1848.  It  has  for  some  years  ranked  us  the 
second  city  of  the  state  in  population.  From  its  numerous 
schools  it  has  been  called  "  the  Academic  City,"  and,  from 
its  situation  and  its  political  and  social  influence,  "the 
heart  of  the  commonwealth."  Within  the  city  limits  are 
several  suburban  villages,  the  area  of  the  municipality 
being  over  36  square  miles.  As  a  railway  centre,  Worcester 
has  also  a  largo  and  increasing  trade.  Its  population  has 
rapidly  increased  since  1860.  Pop.  in  1850,  17,04'J  ;  in 
1860,  24,960;  in  1870,  41,105;  in  1875,  49,265;  in  1880, 
68,291;  in  1885,  68,389;  in  1890,  84,655. 

Worcester,  a  post-village  of  Worcester  township,  Ot- 
sego CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Albany  &  Susquehanna  Railroad,  62 
miles  W.  of  Albany,  and  about  12  miles  S.E.  of  Coopers- 
town.  It  has  2  or  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  2  grist-mills, 
a  bank,  and  a  newspaper  office.  The  township  contains 
East  Worcester  and  South  Worcester. 

Worcester,  a  post-township  of  Montgomery  co.,  Pa. 
Pop.  1517.     Its  post-office  is  7  miles  N.  of  Norristown. 

Worcester,  a  post-hamlet  in  Worcester  township, 
Washington  co.,  Vt.,  9  miles  N.  of  Montpelier.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  good  hotel,  and  manufactures  of  lumber. 

Worcester,  woos'ter,  a  town  of  Cape  Colony,  Africa, 
80  miles  by  rail  N.E.  of  Cape  Town.     Pop.  3788. 

Worcestershire,  England.     See  Worcester. 

Wordeii,  woi-'d^n,  a  post-village  of  Madison  co..  111., 
on  the  Wabash  Railroad,  30  miles  N.E.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Worden,  Wisconsin.     See  Doudville. 

Wordingborg,  Denmark.     See  Vordingborg. 

Woria,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Voria. 

Work'ington,  a  seaport  town  of  England,  co.  of  Cum- 
berland, at  the  mouth  of  the  Derwent,  7  miles  by  rail  N. 
of  Whitehaven.  Pop.  in  1891,  23,522.  The  lower  part 
of  the  town  is  old,  with  narrow  streets,  but  in  the  upper 
part  arc  many  good  residences,  and  a  square,  in  which  the 
corn-market  is  held;  it  has  a  handsome  church,  dissenting 
chapels,  assembly-  and  news-rooms,  a  small  theatre,  a  har- 
bor, with  good  quays  and  a  breakwater,  some  ship-building, 
manufactures  of  sail-cloth  and  cordage,  a  valuable  salmon- 
fishery,  and  coal-mines  in  the  vicinity  from  which  much 
coal  is  exported.  At  Workington  Hall,  the  fine  castellated 
mansion  of  the  Curwen  family,  on  a  wooded  height  above 
the  town,  was  a  refuge  of  Mary  Queen  of  Scots  after  her 
flight  from  Langside. 

Work'sop,  a  market-town  and  parish  of  England,  co. 
and  25  miles  N.  of  Nottingham,  on  the  Ryton,  at  the  N. 
extremity  of  Sherwood  Forest,  and  with  a  station  on  the 
Manchester,  Sheffield  &  Lincolnshire  Railway.     P.  10,409. 

Workum,  woR'kiim,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Friesland,  near  the  Zuyder  Zee,  21  miles  S.W.  of  Leeu- 
wardcn.  Pop.  3401.  It  has  a  harbor  and  a  fishery.  See 
also  WoiTDRicnEM. 

Work'way,  one  of  the  Aroo  Islands,  containing  the 
villages  of  Nieuw-Affara,  Oud-AfTara,  Ooor,  Longar,  and 
Tree.     It  is  noted  for  its  trepang-fisherics. 

Worlitschka,  ^oR-litch'kJ,  a  village  of  Bohemia,  near 
Landskron,  on  the  Adlerbach.     Pop.  1300. 

Worlitz,  <toR'lits,  a  town  of  Germany,  duchy  of  An- 
halt;  capital  of  a  district,  near  the  Elbe,  and  on  a  small 
lake,  9  miles  E.  of  Dessau.  Pop.  1887.  It  has  a  ducal 
summer  palace,  with  fine  parks  and  gardens. 

Wormditt,  \VoRm'dit,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  43  miles 
S.S.W.  of  KiJnigsberg,  on  the  Drewenz.  Pop.  4673.  It  has 
manufactures  of  woollen  cloth  and  leather. 

Wormeidingen,  ^oR'm?l-ding'?n,  a  village  of  the 
Netherlands,  province  and  12  miles  E.  of  Luxemburg,  on 
the  Moselle.     Pop.  1510. 

Wormer,  woB'm^r,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
North  Holland,  18  miles  S.W.  of  Hoorn.     Pop.  1557. 

Wormerveer,  woR^m^r-vain',  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  North  Holland,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Haarlem.  Pop. 
of  commune,  3637. 

Wormhoudt,  von'moo',  a  village  of  Franco,  in  Nord, 
11  miles  S.S.E.  of  Dunkirk.     Pop.  1104, 

Wormleysbarg,  1»ennsylvania.    See  Bridgeport. 


Worms,  an  island  of  the  Baltic.    See  Vobms. 

Worms,  a  town  of  Italy.    See  Bormio. 

Worms  (anc.  Borbetom'ayuB;  L.  Wornia'tla),  a  cUy  o 
Germany,  in  Hesse,  province  of  Rhoin-Hcsscn,  28  mlul 
S.E.  of  Mcntz,  on  the  Rhine.  Pop.  16,597.  It  was  former! 
an  imperial  city,  and  is  very  ancient,  having  existed  bcfor' 
the  arrival  of  the  Romans.     Its  Dom  or  cathedral,  with  1 1 
towers,  is  externally  one  of  the  finest  RomaneBquo'churclici 
in  the  world.     It  had  a  palace  in  which  Charlemagne  oftcJ 
resided.     In  the  thirteenth  century  its  population  is  said  t, 
have  amounted  to  70,000.  In  1689  it  was  taken  and  burni'. 
by  the  French,  the  cathedral  and  a  few  houses  only  havin:! 
escaped  the  flames.     It  has  a  gymnasium,  manufactures  o|i 
tobacco,  and  trade  in  agricultural  produoo  nnd  in  the  fiiii! 
wines  of  its  vicinity.     Among  many  diets  hold  at  Worm,!  I 
the  most  celebrated  were  that  of  1495,  convoked  by  Mii.xi.| 
milinn  I.,  and  that  of  1521,  before  which  Luther  appeared  i 

Worms,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bon  Homme  co.,  S.D. 

Wornitz,  a  river  of  Bavaria.     See  Wkr.nitz.  ' 

Woroiia,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  VonosA.  ' 

Woronej,  Woronetz,  or  Woronesch,  Russia.  Seel 

VORON'KZH. 

Wor'rell's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Southampton  co.,  Va.,  10 
miles  N.  of  Newsom's  Depot. 

Wo rriii  gen ,  <froR'uing-cn  (anc.  Jiiinm'cttm  f),  a  market- 
town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Cologne,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Rhine,  formerly  fortified.     Pop.  4811. 

Worrstadt,  viia'stitt,  a  market-town  of  Germany,  in 
Hesse,  provinco  of  Rhein-IIessen,  capital  of  a  county,  \'i 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Mentz.     Pop.  1943. 

Worsham,  wiir'sham,  a  post-hamlct  of  Sumner  co., 
Tenn.,  5  miles  N.E.  of  Ilendersonville.     It  has  a  churcli. 

Worsham,  a  post-village  of  Prince  Edward  co.,  Va.,  7 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Farmville,  and  1  mile  from  Hampden  Sid- 
ney College.  It  has  a  church,  an  academy,  3  stores,  and  25 
residences. 

Wors'Iey,  a  township  of  England,  co.  of  Lancaster,  6 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Bolton.  Pop.  15,837.  It  is  intersected  by 
the  Wigan  &  Leigh  Canal,  and  has  extensive  coal-mines 
with  subterranean  canals  and  tunnels  the  total  extent  of 
which  is  estimated  at  18  miles. 

Worteghem,  wou'te-chSm',  a  village  of  Belgium,  prov- 
ince of  East  Flanders,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Ghent.  Pop.  26,30. 

Wortendyke,  wurt'?n-dik,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bergen 
CO.,  N.J.,  on  the  New  Jersey  Midland  Railroad,  26  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Jersey  City.  It  has  a  church,  and  a  manufactory 
of  cotton  yarn  and  counter-twist  wick.     Pop.  500. 

Wortli,  ■<frout,  a  market-town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Main, 
34  miles  W.  of  WUrzburg,  with  a  castle. 

Worth,  a  market-town  of  Bavaria,  14  miles  E.  of  Ratis- 
bon.     Pop.  1439. 

Worth,  the  German  name  of  WoEUTH-sun-SAUER. 

Worth,  wurth,  a  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  Georgia, 
has  an  area  of  about  750  square  miles.  It  is  partly  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  Flint  River,  and  is  drained  by  Little  lUver. 
The  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  is  mostly  covered  with  for- 
ests of  yellow  pine  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  sandy.  Cot- 
ton, Indian  corn,  cattle  and  pork  are  the  staple  products. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Brunswick  &  Western 
Railroad,  and  the  Savannah,  Amoricus  &  Montgomery 
Railroad  passes  through  its  N.W.  corner.  Capitiil,  Isabella. 
Pop.  in  1870,  3778;  in  1880,  5892;  in  1890,  1 0,048.  _ 

Worth,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Iowa,  bordering  on 
Minnesota,  has  an  area  of  408  square  miles.  It  is  inter 
sected  by  Shell  Rock  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  Lime 
Creek.  The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level.  The  soil 
is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  and  hay  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Iowa  Central 
Railroad,  the  Burlington,  Cedar  Rapids  <fc  Northern  llajl- 
road,  and  other  lines.  Capital,  Northwood.  Pop.  in  1870, 
2892;  in  1880,  7953;  in  1890,  9247. 

Worth,  a  northern  county  of  Missouri,  bordering  on 
Iowa,  has  an  area  of  about  270  square  miles.  It  is  inter- 
sected by  Grand  River,  and  is  partly  drained  by  the  Little 
Platte  River.  The  surface  is  undulating,  and  is  divcrsitied 
with  prairies  and  woodlands.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Indinn 
corn,  oats,  hay,  pork,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products. 
Among  its  forest  trees  are  the  ash,  elm,  hickory,  and  oak. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Chicago,  Burlington  A 
Quincy  Railroad  and  the  Chicago,  St.  Paul  &  Kansas  City 
Railroad.  Capital,  Grant  City.  Pop.  in  1870,  5004;  m 
1880,  8203;  in  1890.  8738. 

Worth,  a  township  of  Woodford  co.,  HI.     Pop.  926. 

Worth,  a  township  of  Boone  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  '"•". 

Worth,  a  post-hamlct  of  Harrison  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  Ohio 
River.     It  has  a  church. 

Worth,  a  township  of  Boone  co.,  Iowa.    Pop.  632. 


WOR 


2859 


WRE 


Worth,  a  township  of  Sanilac  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1474. 

Worth,  a  village  of  Tuscola  co.,  Mich.    See  Tuscola. 

Worth,  a  post-hainlct  in  Saratoga  township,  Winona 
«<».,  Minn.,  about  22  miles  "W.S.AV.  of  Winona.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Worth,  a  township  of  Butler  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  893. 

Worth,  a  township  of  Centre  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  650. 

Worth,  a  post-township  of  Mercer  co..  Pa.,  about  15 
miles  S.W.  of  Franklin.  Pop.  10S4.  Worth  Post-Office  is 
at  Greenfield. 

Wortham,  wtir'Tnam,  a  post-village  of  Freestone  co., 
Tex.,  on  the  Houston  <t  Texas  Central  llailroad,  76  miles  S. 
by  K.  of  Dallas.     It  has  4  churches. 

Wortli  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  \n  Worth  township, 
Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  10  miles  E.S.E.  of  Adams.  It  has  1 
or  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  about  140. 

Worth'ing,  a  maritime  town  of  England,  co.  of  Sussex, 
on  the  English  Channel,  with  a  station  on  the  South  Co.ast 
Kaihvay,  10  miles  AV.  of  Brighton.  Pop.  7413.  Its  rise 
from  an  insignificant  village  into  a  favorite  watering-place 

iwas  duo  to  tlie  visits  of  George  III.     Its  climate  is  mild 
and  salubrious,  and  fine  sands  hero  extend  along  the  sea 
I  for  several  miles  on  either  side. 

,       Worthington,  wur'Tning-ton,  a  post-village  in  .Teffer- 

j  son  township,  Greene  co.,  Ind.,  on  the  West  Fork  of  Wliito 

River,  at  the  mouth  of  Eel  River,  and  on  the  Evansville  & 

Indianapolis  and  Evansville  &  Terre  Haute  Railroads,  40 

,    miles  S.E.  of  Terre  Haute.     It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  a 

I    b.ank,  G  churches,  (i  graded   school,  2   spoke-fiictories,  2 

planing-mills,  2  flour-mills,  a  woollen-mill,  a  pottery,  and 

several  general  stores.     Pop.  in  1890,  1448. 

Worthington,  a  post-village  in  Dodge  township,  Du- 
buque CO.,  Iowa,  on  the  Dubuque  Southwestern  Railroad, 
30  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Dubuque.     It  has  2  churches. 

Worthington,  a  post-haralet  of  .lefferson  co.,  Ky.,  3 
miles  from  Anchorage.     It  has  an  academy. 

Wo  rl  li  in  gton ,  a  post-hamlet  in  Worthington  township, 
Uampshiro  co.,  Mass.,  about  30  miles  N.W.  of  Springfield. 
It  has  2  churches,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  bedstead-factory. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  818. 

Worthington,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Nobles  co., 
Minn.,  near  Lake  Okabcna,  and  on  the  Sioux  City  &  St. 
Paul  Railroad,  30  miles  W.S.AV.  of  AVindsor,  and  92  miles 
N.N.E.  of  Sioux  City.  It  has  2  newspaper  offices,  a  money- 
order  ])ost-office,  a  bank,  a  graded  school,  3  churches,  a 
United  States  land-office,  a  fiour-mill,  <feo.     P.  (1890)  1164. 

Worthington,  a  post-village  in  Sharon  township, 
Franklin  co.,  0.,  near  the  Olentangy  River,  and  on  the 
Cleveland,  Columbus,  Cincinnati  &  Indianapolis  Railroad, 
9  miles  N.  of  Columbus.  It  contains  3  churches  and  the 
Ohio  Central  Normal  School. 

'  Worthington,  a  township  of  Richland  co.,  0.  P.  1876. 
■  Worthington,  a  post-borough  of  Armstrong  co..  Pa., 
6  miles  W.  of  Kittanning.  It  has  an  academy,  4  churches, 
and  a  woollen-factory.     Pop.  21(5. 

Worthington,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marion  co.,  A7.  Va., 
on  the  AVest  Fork  of  the  Monongahela  River,  about  55 
miles  S..S.E.  of  AVhecling.  It  has  3  churches  and  a  flouring- 
mill.     Pop.  127. 

Worthington  Crossing,  a  post-hamlet  of  AA'clls  co., 
Ind.,  on  the  Fort  AVayne,  JIuncie  <fc  Cincinnati  Railroad, 
i81  miles  S.  by  AV.  of  Fort  AVayne.  It  has  a  church  and  a 
Baw-mill. 

Worthington's,  a  station  in  Greenup  co..  Ivy.,  on  the 
Eastern  Kentucky  Railroad,  5  miles  S.  of  Riverton. 

Worthville,  wfuth'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butts  co.,Ga., 
18  miles  S.  of  Covington.     It  has  a  church. 

Worthville,  a  station  in  Johnson  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Jeffcrsonville,  Madison  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  7  miles  N. 
by  AV.  of  Franklin. 

Worthville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Carroll  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Kentucky  River  and  the  Louisville,  Cincinnati  A  Lexing- 
ton Railroad,  55  miles  S.AA'.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  a  church. 

Worthville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Worth  township,  about  13  miles  S.  of  AVatcrtown.  It  has 
a  church. 

Worthville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jefferson  co..  Pa.,  about 
60  miles  N.AV.  of  Altoona.     It  has  I  or  2  churches. 

Wortlcy,  wiirt'le,  a  township  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
West  Riding,  with  a  station  on  the  Manchester  &  Sheffield 
Railway,  8  miles  N.N.AA'.  of  Sheffield.  Pop.  18,923,  extcn- 
■ivcly  employed  in  the  manufacture  of  woollens,  Gre-bricks, 
iron,  and  alum. 

Worton,  wur't<jn,  a  post-hamlet  and  township  of  Kent 
CO.,  Md.,  on  the  Kent  County  Railroad,  4  miles  E.N.Jl.  of 
Chestertown.     It  has  a  floral  hall  and  a  race-course. 

Woschitz,  Jung,  Bohemia.    See  Jukq-Wozics. 


Woschnik,  i^osh'nik,  written  also  Woischnik,  or 

Woznik,  a  market-town  of  Prussia,  government  and  48 
miles  E.  of  Oppeln.     Pop.  1911. 

Woskrcscnsk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Voskresenbk. 

Wosnesensk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Vos.nesk.nsk. 

Wospork,  the  A\''endish  name  of  AVEtssENBEUG. 

W'ds'singen,  a  market-town  of  Baden,  9  miles  E.  of] 
Carlsruhe.     Pop.  1551. 

Wostitz,  litos'tits,  or  Wlasatice,  a  town  of  the  Aus- 
trian Empire,  in  Moravia,  19  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Briinn. 

Wotawn,  <^o-ti'wS,,  a  river  of  Bohemia,  after  a  N.E. 
course  of  60  miles,  joins  the  Moldau  11  miles  N.E.  of  Pisck. 

Wotczin,  Prussia.    See  Ko.vstadt. 

Wotitz,  ^o'tits,  a  market-town  of  Bohemia,  33  miles 
S.E.  of  Prague,  with  a  castle  and  2492  inhabitants. 

Wotka,  a  district  of  Russia.    See  Votka. 

Wot'ton,  a  post-village  and  township  in  AA'olfe  co., 
Quebec,  11  miles  E.  of  Danville.  It  contains  a  church  and 
several  saw-  and  grist-mills.  Pop.  200  ;  of  township,  2000. 

Wotton-under-Edge,  woor9n-und'rij,  a  market- 
town  and  parish  of  England,  co.  and  17i  miles  S.S.AV.  of 
Gloucester.  Pop.  2314,  chiefly  employed  in  woollen-mills 
and  hand-loom  weaving. 

Wonbrugge,  wow-briig'gh§h,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, in  South  Holland,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Leyden.  P.  1737. 

Wondenberg,  w6w'd?n-bfiRo\  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, province  and  15  miles  E.  of  Utrecht.     Pop.  2045. 

Woudrichem,  wow'driK-5m,  or  Worknni,  a  strongly 
fortified  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant,  at  the 
junction  of  the  Mouse  and  AVaal,  16  miles  N.AV.  of  Bois-le- 
Duc.     Pop.  1571. 

Wou-Ling-Chan,  China.    See  Woo-Ling-Sha:t. 

WouAV,  wow  or  w6w<^,  a  parish  and  village  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, in  North  Brabant,  8  miles  N.E.  of  Bcrgen-op- 
Zoom.     Pop.  3141. 

Wow,  wow,  a  town  of  India,  in  Guzerat,  capital  of  a 
district  E.  of  the  Runn,  and  157  miles  AV.  by  S.  of  Odey- 
poor. 

Woynelow,  ■f^oi'n^h-lov',  a  village  of  Austrian  Galieia, 
30  miles  E.S.E.  of  Stry,  on  a  small  affluent  of  the  Dniester. 

Woynitz,  -ft-oi'nitz,  a  town  of  Austrian  Galieia,  41  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Cracow.     Pop.  1IS4. 

Woyslawice,  ■ftoi-sliV-'i^eet'sA,  a  town  of  Russian  Po- 
land, government  and  50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Lublin.     P.  1859. 

Woznik,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  AVoscnsiK. 

Wra,  a  river  of  Poland.     See  AVkra. 

Wragby,  r.ag'bee,  a  market-town  of  England,  co.  and 
12  miles  E.N.E.  of  Lincoln.     Pop.  581. 

Wrangel,  vring'^l,  or  Vrangel,  vrlng'gh?!  (Gueat 
and  Little),  two  small  islands  of  Russia,  government  of 
Esthonia,  in  the  Gulf  of  Finland,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Revel. 

Wrangel  (rlng'gh§l)  Island,  a  large  island  in  the 
S.E.  part  of  Alaska.   On  it  is  Fort  AVra.vgell  (which  sec). 

Wrangel  (or  Wrangell)  Land,  a  largo  body  of 
high,  uninhabited  land  in  the  Arctic  Ocean,  N.AA\  of 
Behring  Strait.  Its  S.E.  extremity  is  in  lat.  70°  40'  N., 
Ion.  178°  51'  AV. 

Wranow,  a  town  of  Moravia.    See  Frai\. 

Wrath,  Cape.    Sec  Cape  AVrath. 

Wray's,  a  station  in  Shelby  co.,  Ind.,  on  a  branch  of 
the  Jeffcrsonville,  Madison  &  Indianapolis  Railroad,  7  miles 
E.  by  N.  of  Shelbyville. 

Wreak  or  Wrckc,  reek,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of 
Leicester,  rises  in  the  N.E.  part  of  the  county,  flows  S.AV. 
past  Melton-Mowbray,  <tc.,  and  joins  the  Soar.  Near  this 
junction  it  is  united  with  Leicester  Canal.  Length,  25  miles. 

■Wreck  (rek)  Cove,  a  post-hamlet  in  A'ictoria  co., 
Capo  Breton  Island,  Nova  Scotia,  on  St.  Ann's  Bay,  19 
miles  from  Englishtown.     Pop.  150. 

Wredenhagen,  vri'd^n-hi'gh^n,  a  village  of  Ger- 
many, in  Mecklenburg-Schwerin,  38  miles  S. S.E.  of  Giistrow. 

>\  rekin,  rck'in,  a  noted  hill  of  England,  in  Shropshire, 
2i  miles  S.  of  AVellington,  1.320  feet  high. 

Wren,  rSn,  a  post-office  of  Chippewa  co.,  Minn. 

Wren,  a  post-office  of  AVashington  co.,  Te.\. 

Wrenthain,  ren'tham,  a  post-village  in  Wrcntham 
township,  Norfolk  co.,  Mass.,  about  27  miles  S.S.AA''.  of  Bos- 
ton, and  18  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Providence.  It  has  a  national 
bank,  3  churches,  a  high  school,  and  a  newspaper  office. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  2566. 

Wreschcn,  vr5sh'(;n,  or  Wrysczyna,  vrish-in'J  (Po- 
lish, Wrenznio,  vr5sh'nc-o1,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland,  40 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Poscn.  Pop.  4260.  It  bos  manufactures 
of  woollen  cloth. 

Wrex'ham,  a  town  of  North  AValcs,  chiefly  in  the  co. 
of  Denbigh,  but  partly  in  the  co.  of  Flint,  with  a  station 
on  the  Shrewsbury  i,  Chester  Railway,  12  miles  S.AV.  of 


WRl 


2860 


wso 


Cbestor.  Pop.  of  parliamentary  borough,  9547.  The  town, 
sonsisting  of  several  spacious  streets  crossing  one  another 
at  right  angles,  has  some  substantial  huusoe.  The  church, 
formerly  collegiate,  is  a  fino  cdiGce  of  tho  time  of  lienry 
VII.,  ITS  foot  in  length,  72  feet  in  width,  with  a  highly 
decorated  tower  135  feet  in  height.  Wrexham  has  iron- 
YTorks,  papor-raills,  and  an  active  trade  in  flannel,  ooal,  and 
lead  from  adjacent  mines. 

WrietzeUf  vrcet's^n,  Wriezcn,  or  Brictzcn,  a 
wallod  town  of  Prussia,  province  of  Brandenburg,  on  an 
arm  of  tho  Oder,  33  miles  E.N.E;  of  Berlin.  Top.  7920.  It 
has  nianufocturos  of  woollens,  hosiery,  tobacco,  and  leather. 

Wright,  rite,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  Iowa, 
has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Iowa  and  Boono  Rivers,  and  also  drained  by  Eaglo  Creek. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  nearly  level.  Tho  soil  is  fer- 
tile. A  large  part  of  it  is  prairie.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
oats,  and  bay  are  the  staple  products.  Capital,  Clarion. 
Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $2,251,134.  Pop.  in 
1S70,  2;ii)2,  of  whom  2094  were  Americans;  in  1880,  5062. 

Wright,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of  Jlinnesota,  has 
an  area  of  about  680  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  tho 
N.E.  by  tho  Mississippi  River,  on  the  S.E.  by  tho  Crow 
River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  North  Fork  of  tho  Crow 
River,  Tho  South  Fork  of  tho  Crow  unites  with  tho  North 
Fork  in  tho  S.E.  part  of  the  county.  Tho  surface  is  undu- 
lating, and  is  diversified  with  many  little  lakes  (of  pure 
water),  some  of  which  have  no  visible  outlet.  Forests  of 
the  ash,  elm,  white  oak,  sugar-maple,  &o.,  cover  a  largo 
part  of  the  surface.  Tho  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  In- 
dian corn,  oats,  hay,  butter,  and  potatoes  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  tho  St.  Paul  <fc 
Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Buflfalo.  Valuation  of  real  and 
personal  estate,  $3,011,798.  Pop.  in  1870,  9457,  of  whom 
6468  wore  Americans;  in  1880,  18,104. 

W^ right,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Missouri,  has  an 
area  of  about  650  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Gas- 
conade Rircr,  which  runs  northward,  and  by  Bryant's 
Fork  (of  White  River),  which  rises  hero  and  runs  south- 
ward. The  surface  is  uneven  or  hilly,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  the  ash,  hickory,  oak,  maple,  pine, 
Ac.  The  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  cattle, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Copper  and  lead  are 
said  to  be  found  in  this  county.  Capital,  llartville.  Val- 
uation of  real  and  personal  estate,  $1,700,000.  Pop.  in 
1870,  5684;  in  1880,  9712. 

Wriglit,  a  post-township  of  Greene  co.,  Ind.,  about  30 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Tcrro  Haute.  It  contains  5  churches,  and 
yields  abundance  of  excellent  coal.     Pop.  in  1890,  1500. 

Wright,  a  township  of  Wayne  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1089. 

Wright,  a  township  of  Hillsdale  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  1980. 

W^right,  a  post- township  of  Ottawa  co.,  Mich.,  about  12 
miles  N.W.  of  Grand  Rapids.  Pop.  2064.  It  contains  the 
village  of  Berlin. 

Wright,  a  to\vnship  of  Schoharie  co.,  N.Y.     Pop.  1504. 

Wright,  a  post-ofRce  of  Jackson  co.,  Oregon. 

Wright,  a  township  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.     Pop.  603. 

Wright,  a  township  of  Darlington  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1535. 

Wright,  or  Victoria  Farm,  a  po?t-viIlage  in  Ot- 
^lawa  CO.;  Quebec,  on  tho  Gatineau,  C3  miles  N.  of  Ottawa. 
It  contains  a  hotel,  3  stores,  and  2  saw-mills.     Pop.  250. 

Wright  City,  a  post-village  of  Warren  co.,  Mo.,  on  the 
St.  Louis,  Kansas  City  <t  Northern  Railroad,  at  Wright's 
Station,  52  miles  W.  by  N.  of  St.  Louis.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  savings-bank,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  tobacco-factory.    P.  465. 

Wright's,  a  post-ofSco  of  Santa  Clara  co.,  Cal.,  on  tho 
South  Pacific  Coast  Railroad,  63  miles  S.  of  San  Francisco. 

Wright's,  Greene  co..  III.    See  AVriciitsvili.e. 

Wright's,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  HI.     Pop.  2022. 

Wright's,  a  station  on  the  Cincinnati,  Rockport  & 
Southwestern  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  of  Rockport,  Ind. 

Wright's,  a  poSt-ofBce  of  Mclvean  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Buf- 
falo <fe  Philadelphia  Railroad,  18  miles  N.  of  Emporium. 

Wright's,  Jackson  co.,  AVis.     Sco  WiucnTsviLLE. 

Wright's  lllufT,  a  post-village  and  landing-place  of 
Clarendon  co.,  S.C,  on  the  Santee  River,  20  miles  S.W.  of 
JInnning. 

Wrightsborough,  rlts'biir-ruh,  a  hamlet  of  McDuffie 
CO.,  fla.,  about  44  miles  AV.  by  N.  of  Augusta. 

Wrightsborough,  a  station  of  the  AVilmington  & 
Weldon  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  AVilmington,  N.C. 

Wrightsbbrongh,  a  post-hamlet  of  Gonzales  co.,  Tex., 
24  miles  S.  of  Ilarwood. 

Wright's  Bridge,  a  post-office  of  Midland  co.,  Mich., 
on  Tittabawasscc  River,  5  miles  N.  of  Sanford. 

Wrightsbnrg,  rits'burg,  a  hamlet  of  McLean  co.,  Ky., 
^te  Green  River,  6  miles  from  Sebreo.     Coal  is  found  here. 


Wright's  Corner,  Ontario.    See  Ai-oonquix. 

Wright's  Corners,  apost-officoof  Dearborn oo, Ind. 
7  milos  N.W.  of  Lawronceburg.  "' 

Wright's  Corners,  a  post-hamlct  of  Niagara  co. 
N.Y.,  3  miles  from  Lockport.     It  has  a  church.  ' 

Wrights'dale,  a  poat-hamlot  of  Luneaslcr  oo.,  Pa.  4 
miles  S.  of  Fulton  House. 

Wright's  Ferry,  a  station  in  Crawford  co.,  AA'ig.,  on   ' 
the  AVisconsin  River,  and  on  the  Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  Si. 
Paul  Railroad,  10  miles  E.  of  Prairie  du  Chicn. 

Wright's  <jIrovc,a  post-office  of  Cook  co..  III. 

Wright's  Point,  a  post-office  of  Missiggippi  oo.,  Ark., 
on  the  Mississippi  River,  100  miles  above  Mcniphii",  Tenu.' 

Wright's  Station,  Missouri.    Sec  Whioiit  Citv. 

Wrights'town,  a  post-office  of  Otter  Tail  co,,  Minn 
20  miles  S.E.  of  Otter  Tail  City, 

Wrightstown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Burlington  co.,  N.J., 
on  the  Camden  A  Amboy  Railroad,  12  miles  E,X.E.  of 
Mount  Holly.     It  has  a  church  and  a  distillery. 

Wrightstown,  a  post-hamlct  in  Wrightstown  town- 
ship, Bucks  CO.,  Pa.,  about  2C  miles  N.N.E.  of  Philadolphiu. 
It  has  a  Friends'  meeting.     Pop.  of  the  township,  823. 

Wrightstown,  a  post-\-illiige  in  AVrightstown  town 
ship.  Brown  co.,  AVis.,  on  Fox  River,  and  on  the  Chicago  .t 
Northwestern  Railroad,  10  miles  S.S.W.  of  Green  Bay,  and 
13  miles  E.N.E.  of  Ajipleton.  It  has  a  money-order  post- 
office,  3  churches,  2  grist-mills,  a  saw-mill,  a  |ilaning-uiill, 
Ac.     Pop.  about  500 ;  of  the  township,  2295. 

Wrights'ville,  a  post-hamlct  of  Pulaski  oo.,  Ark.,  3 
miles  from  Fourobe  Landing  (on  Arkansas  River),  and  lU 
miles  S.  of  Little  Rock.     It  has  2  churches. 

Wrightsville,  a  ])08t-hamlet,  capital  of  Johnson  co., 
6a.,  about  06  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Macon.  It  has  2  churcbo* 
and  an  academy. 

Wrightsville,  a  post-hamlct  of  Greene  co.,  Ill,,  at 
AVright's  Station  on  tho  Rocklbrd,  Rock  Island  A  St.  Louii 
Railroad,  38  miles  N.  of  Alton.     It  has  a  church. 

Wrightsville,  a  village  of  Meade  co.,  Ky.,  IJ  milos 
from  the  Ohio,  and  4i  miles  from  Muldraugh.     Pop.  250. 

Wrightsville,  an  eastern  suburb  of  Camden,  N.J. 

WrightsviHc,  a  hamlet  of  Monroe  township,  Adams 
CO.,  0.,  on  tho  Ohio  River,  15  milos  above  Maysvillo,  Ky, 
Pop.  63.     Here  is  A'ineyard  Hill  Post-Offieo. 

Wrightsville,  a  village  in  Homer  township,  Morg:>n 
CO.,  0.,  15  miles  N.E.  of  Salina.  It  has  a  church.  Oil  ia 
found  near  it. 

Wrightsville,  Warren  co.,  P.a.    See  FREF.noLD. 

Wrightsville,  a  post-borough  in  Hellam  township, 
York  CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  AV.  (right)  bank  of  the  Susquehanna 
River,  opposite  Columbia,  and  11  miles  E.N.E.  of  York.  It 
is  connected  with  York  by  the  York  Bnuich  of  the  Penn- 
sylvania Railroad,  the  trains  of  which  hero  cross  the  river 
on  a  bridge  1  mile  long.  It  has  a  national  bank,  a  news- 
paper office,  5  churches,  and  manufactures  of  iron  and  lum- 
ber.    Pop.  in  18'JO,  1912. 

Wrightsville,  a  hamlet  of  Loudon  co.,  Tcnn.,  on  the 
Holston  River,  about  35  miles  AV.S.AV.  of  Knosville. 

Wrightsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Jackson  co..  Wis.,  in 
Alma  township,  on  the  AVest  AA'isconsin  Railroad,  iit 
AVright's  Station,  S  miles  N.  of  Black  River  Falls.  It  has 
a  basket-factory. 

Writ'tle,  a  town  and  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Esses, 
2i  miles  AV.S.AV.  of  Chelmsford.     Pop.  2425. 

Wrka,  a  river  of  Poland.    See  AA'kua. 

Wrockwardine,  rok'war-din,  a  village  .and  parish  of 
England,  co.  of  Salop,  2  miles  AV.  by  N.  of  AVellington,  with 
an  ancient  church  of  red  stone.     I'op.  4910. 

Wronke,  vron'k^h,  or  Wronki,  vron'kee,  a  town  of 
Prussian  Poland,  30  miles  N.AV.  of  Poscn,  on  the  AVarta, 
and  on  the  Stettin  A  Posen  Railway.  Pop.  2587.  It  has 
woollen-cloth  lactorics. 

Wrotham,  roth'am,  a  village  and  parish  of  Enghnnd, 
CO.  of  Kent,  11  miles  AV.N.AV.  of  Maidstone.  It  has  2 
churches,  the  one  ancient  and  spacious,  the  remains  of  an 
archbishop's  palace.     Pop.  3201. 

Wrox'eter,  a  post-village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  on  the 
river  Maitland,  and  on  tho  Toronto,  Grey  A  Bruce  Railway, 
109  miles  AV.N.AV.  of  Toronto.  It  contains  2  churches,  a 
large  saw-mill,  a  sash-  and  door-factory,  a  cabinet-factory, 
a  flouring-mill,  nn  iron-foundry,  several  carriage-  and 
wagon-factories,  and  four  grain-warehouses.  A  cattle-fair 
is  held  monthly.     Pop.  700. 

Wrnteck,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Rudio. 

Wrysczyna.    See  AVreschen. 

Wscherau,  vshi'rSw,  or  Scheran,  shi'rSw,  a  town 
of  Bohemia,  circle  and  8  miles  N.AV.  of  Pilscn.     P.  1303. 

Wschowa,  a  town  of  Prussia.     See  Fraustadt. 


WSB 


2861 


WUR 


Wsetin,  or  Wszctin,  vsA-teen'  or  vsi'tin,  a  town  of 
Austria,  in  Moravia,  33  miles  N.E.  of  Hradisch.     P.  3417. 
Wn-Chang,  a  town  of  China.    See  Woo-Chang. 

VViidtl,  wu(i,  a  town  of  Boloochistan,  province  of  Jhal- 
jawan,  in  the  Plain  of  Wudd,  110  miles  S.  of  Kclat.  Lat. 
37°  19'  N.;  Ion.  66°  31'  E. 

j     Wud'waii',  a  town  of  India,  in  Kattywar,  54  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Ahmedabad.     Lat.  22°  42'  N.  j  Ion.  Tl"  47'  E. 
Pop.  17,389. 
j      Wh-IIu,  a  town  ot  China.     See  ^Voo-IIoo. 
j      Wukari,  woo-ki'rce,  a  town  of  Africa,  on  a  branch  of 
tho  Bcnuwe,  300  miles  S.S.W.  of  Kano.     It  is  the  capital 
I  of  a  province  or  kingdom,  is  very  populous,  and  the  seat 
I  of  active  native  industries. 

Wiikninoto,  woo-koo-rao'to,  a  town  of  .Japan,  province 
;  of  Fizen,  island  of  Kioo-Sioo.  Lat.  32°  50' N. ;  Ion.  130°  E. 
f      Wiilen,  a  Polish  name  of  Fileuxe. 

WiilHingcn,  wiilf'ling-?n,  a  village  and  parish  of 
Switzerland,  canton  and  12  miles  N.E.  of  Zurich.  It  is 
overhung  by  an  old  castle,  and  has  a  church  with  inter- 
esting tombs.     Pop.  2346. 

Wiilfrath,  ^Ulfrlt,  a  town  of  nhenish  Prnssia,  gov- 
ernment of  Dusscldorf,  6  miles  W.N.W.  of  Elborfcld.  It 
has  manufactures  of  hardware  and  cotton  and  woollen 
fcbrics.     Pop.  6073. 

Wul'iir,  or  Wul'Icr,  a  lake  of  Cashmere,  formed  by 
an  expansion  of  the  Jhylura,  18  miles  N.AV.  of  Serinagur ; 
greatest  length,  from  W.  to  E.,  21  miles;  breadth,  about  9 
miles.  It  produces  singara,  or  water-nuts,  abundantly. 
These  nuts,  the  seeds  of  the  Trapa  htspinosa,  are  obtained 
by  dred-^ing  between  two  boats,  as  for  oysters  on  our  coasts. 

Wulveringhcm,  wul'v^r-ing-Ghiin^  a  village  of  Bel- 
gium, in  West  Flanders,  on  the  canals  from  Loo  and  Bergues 
to  Furncs,  3  miles  S.  of  Furnes.     Pop.  1034. 

>Viinime,  *iim'm§h,  a  river  in  the  N.W.  part  of  Qer- 
many,  joins  the  AVeser  10  miles  N.AV.  of  Bremen,  the  terri- 
tory of  which  it  bounds  on  the  N.  Chief  aiSucnts,  the 
Humme  and  AN'orpe  from  tho  N.,  and  the  Lcsam  from  the 
E.     Length,  75  miles. 

Wuii,  a  town  of  India.    See  Woojt. 

Wuii'ga,  a  small  town  of  Sinde,  on  tho  E.  branch  of 
the  Indus,  75  miles  S.E.  of  Hyderabad. 

Wiinnenbcrg,  ^Un'n?n-b6uo\  a  town  of  Prussian 
Westphalia,  14  miles  S.  of  Paderborn.     Pop.  1410. 

Wiinncwyl,  ^iin'n^h-^ir,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  and  7  miles  N.E.  of  Freyburg. 

Wilnschclberg,  a  town  of  Prnssia.     See  IXhadek. 

Wunsdorf,  ^oons'donf,  or  Wunstorf,  \Vo6ns't0Rf,  a 
town  of  Prussia,  in  Hanover,  on  a  rnilway,  13  miles 
W.N.W.  of  the  city  of  Hanover.     Pop.  236S. 

Wunsiedel,  •froon'see'd^l,  a  walled  town  of  Bavaria, 
on  the  Rijssia,  20  miles  E.N.E.  of  Baireuth,  Pop.  3784. 
It  has  a  marble-quarry,  iron-forges,  and  manufactures  of 
Woollen  fabrics,  linens,  beer,  flour,  Ac. 

Wunzen,  woon'z^n  (?),  orWuuzendakc,  woon'z§n- 
d&'kd.  (?),  an  active  volcano  of  Japan,  island  of  Kioo-Sioo. 
A  rises  4110  feet  above  sea-level,  nearly  in  the  centre  of 
the  peninsula  of  Simabara.  A  terrible  eruption  from  this 
volcano  took  place  in  1792,  when  tho  northern  peak  of 
the  mountain  was  blown  into  the  air,  and  a  stream  of 
boiling  water  issued  from  the  gap  and  poured  down  to  tho 
«0a,  which  at  tho  same  time  overflowed  its  banks.  The 
vhole  face  of  the  country  was  changed,  and  50,000  persons 
are  said  to  have  perished. 

WHpper,  three  rivers  of  Germany.    See  'WipPEB. 
"'  Wiipuri,  the  Finnish  name  of  Viborg. 

Wiirbeitthal,  ^un'bcn-tiVr,  orUrbenthal,  Son'bgn- 
t^r,  a  town  of  Austrian  Silesia,  27  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Trop- 
pau,  on  tho  Oppa.     Pop.  2275. 

Wur'dah,  or  Wur'da,  a  river  of  India,  flows  tortu- 
ously S.E.  through  the  centre  of  tho  Deccan,  and  joins  the 
Opdavery  ISO  miles  N.E.  of  Hyderabad.  Length,  300  miles, 
throughout  nearly  all  of  which  it  separates  the  dominions 
of  Bcrar  and  Hyderabad,  receiving  from  the  former  its 
affluent  the  Wyno-Gunga,  and  from  the  latter  on  tho  W. 
the  Piiyn-Ganga. 

Wiirelingen,ftii'reh-ling-?n,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  of  Aargau,  6  miles  N.W.  of  Baden. 

Wiirenlos,  i^ii'r^n-los*,  a  village  and  parish  of  Swit- 
zerland, canton  of  Aargau,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Baden,  on  an 
impetuous  torrent  which  joins  the  Limuiat. 

Wiirinlingen,  wo<5um'ling-§n,  a  village  of  Wilrtem- 
bcrg,  circle  of  Black  Forest,  N.E.  of  Rottenburg. 

Wuriiilingen,  a  village  of  WUrtemberg,  circle  of  Black 
Forest,  4  miles  N.  of  Tuttlingen.     Pop.  1142. 

>Viirni-See,  wiinrn'-si,',  a  lake  of  Upper  Bavaria,  15 
miles  S.S.\V.  of  Munich.    Length,  from  S.  to  N.,  12  miles; 


breadth,  4  miles.  It  discharges  its  surplus  waters  N.  into 
the  Aminer  by  the  Wiirm,  20  miles  in  length. 

Wur'iia,  a  river  of  India,  presidency  of  Bombay,  rises 
in  the  West  Ghauts,  lat.  17°  18'  N.,  Ion.  73°  46'  E.,  and 
falls  into  tho  Kistnah.     Length,  80  miles. 

Wur'no,  a  town  of  Central  Africa,  about  17  miles  N.E. 
of  Saccatoo,  on  tho  Rima.     Pop.  about  15,000. 

Wilr'tcmberg  (Gcr.  pron.  ^^iln'tdm-bfinG';  Fr.  Wur. 
temberg,  vUHU5M'baiii' ;  Sp.  Virtembenj,  veen-tiin-bfing' ; 
It.  Virtemhvrija,  vocn-tiin-b5ii'g4),  a  kingdom  in  the  S.W. 
of  Germany,  ranking  as  the  third  state  of  tho  German  Em- 
pire, and  bounded  S.E.,  E.,  nnd  N.E.  by  Bavaria,  N.AV., 
W.,  and  S.W.  by  Baden,  ami  S.  by  Switzerland,  from  which 
it  is  partly  separated  by  (ho  Lake  of  Constince.  Capita), 
Stuttgart.  Length,  140  uiilcs;  breadth,  20  to  100  miles. 
It  is  divided  into  the  circles  of  Nockar,  Black  Forest, 
Danube,  and  Jaxt.     Area  and  pop.  as  follows: 


Circles. 

Sq.  miles.  '  Pop.  (1885). 

Neckar 

1283 
1843 
2418 
1986 

CW,400 
475,260 

Jil.ick  Forest „ 

405,084 

Total 

7530 

1,095,108 

The  territory  belongs  to  the  basins  of  tho  Rhine  and  Dan- 
ube. Its  surface  is  mountainous,  except  in  tho  S.,  tho 
principal  chain  being  that  of  the  Swabian  Alps,  which 
unites  on  tho  S.W.  with  the  Black  Forest  and  separates  the 
basins  of  the  Neckar  and  Danube.  The  highest  points 
are  not  more  than  3800  feet.  The  principal  rivers  are  tho 
Danube  and  Neckar,  the  latter  of  which  drains  the  greater 
part  of  the  kingdom.  A  portion  of  the  Lake  of  Constanco 
belongs  to  WUrtemberg,  and  there  are  many  small  lakes  in 
the  S.,  the  chief  of  which  is  the  Feder-Seo.  Climate  in 
general  temperate  and  healthy,  but  variable.  Temperature 
ranges  from  77°  to  86°  Fahr.  in  summer,  and  from  5°  to  10° 
in  winter.  The  soil  is  extremely  fertile  in  the  valleys  of  the 
Taubcr,  the  Neckar,  and  its  affluents,  and  on  the  Lake  of 
Constance.  Agriculture  has  made  rapid  progress.  The 
potato,  introduced  in  1710,  is  now  the  principal  sustenance 
of  one-fourth  of  the  population.  The  cultivation  of  the 
vine  is  limited  to  the  valleys  of  the  Neckar  and  Tauber,  and 
to  the  shores  of  the  Lake  of  Constance.  Tho  Neckar  wines 
are  the  best;  some  of  the  others  resemble  Rhenish  wines. 
The  principal  fruits  are  apples,  pears,  prunes,  and  cherries, 
and  fruit-trees  are  cultivated  over  all  the  territory;  beet- 
root is  grown  for  the  manufacture  of  sugar;  hemp,  flax, 
tobacco,  and  hops  are  raised  in  small  quantities.  The  Alps 
and  the  Black  Forest  aro  covered  witn  vast  forests,  which 
yield  valuable  timber.  Horses,  cattle,  and  sheep  are  exten- 
sively reared.  The  mines,  foundries,  and  salt-works  con- 
stitute tho  most  important  branch  of  industry,  and  are 
all  worked  by  tho  state.  Iron  and  coal  are  abundant. 
Silver,  copper,  cobalt,  and  lead  aro  found  in  small  quan- 
tities, and  there  are  quarries  of  building-stones  and  marble. 
AViirtemberg  has  many  mineral  springs ;  the  best-frequented 
baths  are  those  of  Wildbad,  the  only  thermal  springs  in 
the  territory.  The  manufactures  comprise  linens,  woollens, 
silks,  carpets,  hosiery,  leather,  porcelain,  iron  and  steel 
goods,  and  tobacco ;  breweries  and  distilleries  are  numerous. 
The  transit  trade  is  considerable,  chiefly  by  the  navigation 
of  tho  Neckar.  In  1887,  979  miles  of  railway  were  opened. 
Wiirtcmberg  has  long  been  favorably  distinguished  for  the 
number  and  excellence  of  its  educational  establishments. 
Each  commune  and  each  hamlet  has  its  primary  school, 
attendance  at  which  is  obligatory  on  children  between  tho 
ages  of  six  and  fourteen,  and  tho  number  at  school  is  in 
the  proportion  of  one  in  six  of  the  population.  The  Uni- 
versity of  Tubingen  is  celebrated,  and  has  an  average  at- 
tendance of  about  1000  students.  There  are  infant  schools 
in  several  of  tho  larger  towns,  normal  schools,  polytechnio 
and  military  schools,  and  an  institution  for  young  ladies. 
WUrtemberg  is  a  constitutional  representative  kingdom, 
governed  according  to  tho  constitution  of  1819,  with  a  diet 
of  two  chambers.  The  population  is  almost  exclusively 
German  except  a  few  Jews.  In  1880  there  were  1,364,580 
evangelical  Protestants,  590,290  Roman  Catholics,  2519 
dissenters,  and  13,331  Jews.  Pop.  in  1880,  1,971,117. 
The  army,  constituting  the  13th  army  corps  of  Germany, 
numbers,  in  time  of  peace,  17,745  men;  in  time  of  war  it 
can  bo  raised  to  71,162,  every  male  subject  of  the  legal  age 
being  liable  to  military  duty.  Revenue  and  expenditure, 
about  $11,000,000  each;  public  debt,  about  $70,000,000. 
In  the  fifteenth  century  the  county  of  WUrtemberg,  in 


WUR 


2862 


WYE 


Bwnbia,  waa  erocted  into  a  duchy  by  tho  Emperor  MaxU 
milian  ;  this  was  greatly  oxtenJud  by  Nupoloon  I.,  who 
eroatcil  it  an  electorate  in  18U3  an<l  gave  to  its  sovereign 

the  title  of  king  in   1806. Adj.  (Gor.)  WOnTKMUBua- 

iscn,  ^iiii'tjm-biita'ish;  iuhab.  WURTKUDGRGKit,  ^iir'tdiu- 
Mno^^r. 

Wur'tcmbcrg,  a  post-hainlct  in  Perry  township,  Law- 
rence CO.,  I'a.,  on  Slippery  Hock  Creek,  about  34  miles 
K.N.W.  of  Pittuburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Wiirtlnnd,  Greenup  oo.,  Ky.    See  Fulton  Landixo. 

M'urts'borough,  a  post-village  in  Mamakating  town- 
•bip,  Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  in  a  valley,  on  the  Delaware  A 
Hudson  Canal  and  the  New  York  &  Oswego  Midland  Rail- 
road, 12  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Middlctown.  It  has  3  churches 
and  1  or  2  tanneries.     Pop.  7U7. 

Wurzach,  *o5ut'siK,  a  town  of  Wiirteuibcrg,  35  miles 
S.  of  Ulni.     Pop.  1139. 

WiJrzbach,  wUuts'bJK,  a  village  of  Rouss-Sohleitz  (see 
Eeuss),  4  miles  W.  of  Lobonstein.     Pop.  1S4.'). 

Wiirzburg,  or  Wurtzburg,  ^iluts'boCuo,  a  fortified 
town  of  Bavaria,  capital  of  the  circle  of  Lower  Frnnconia, 
At  the  terminus  of  tho  railway  to  Bamberg,  140  miles  N.W. 
of  Munich,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Main,  across  which  it 
communicates  by  a  fine  bridge  with  its  citadel  on  the  other 
side.  Pop.  65,109,  including  military.  Among  its  many 
ancient  edifices  are  a  cathedral  of  the  eighth  century,  tlio 
Marienkirche,  and  the  royal  palace,  formerly  residence  of 
tho  bishops,  built  on  tho  plan  of  the  palace  of  Versailles, 
with  fine  gardens.  The  University  of  Wiirzburg,  founded 
in  1403,  has  a  library  of  100,000  volumes.  The  city  has 
a  synagogue,  gymnasium,  polytechnic  school,  school  of 
inusic,  several  hospitals,  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths,  to- 
bacco, leather,  paper,  and  surgical  and  mathematical  instru- 
Btruments,  boat-building  yards,  and  an  active  river-trade. 
Wiirzburg,  one  of  the  most  ancient  cities  of  Germany,  was 
formerly  capital  of  Franconia.  Its  prince-bishopric  was 
ScculariTied  and  tho  town  with  its  territory  ceded  to  tho 
Archduko  Ferdinand  of  Tuscany  in  1S03.  In  1S15  it  was 
united  to  Bavaria. 

Wurzen,  ft6oRt's?n,  a  walled  town  of  Saxony,  15  miles 
E.  of  Lcipsic,  on  the  Mulde,  and  on  the  Leipsic  &  Dresden 
Railway.  Pop.  81G5.  It  has  manuHvctures  of  linen  and 
hosiery,  breweries,  felt  paper-hangings,  and  bleachcrios. 

Wurzscc,  a  lake  of  Russia.    See  Viutzerv. 

Wushu'tee%  or  Much,  a  mountain-range  of  Beloo- 
chistan,  province  of  Mcknin,  stretching  from  E.  to  W., 
about  lat.  28°  N.,  and  between  Ion.  62°  and  64°  E.  Its 
name  of  Much,  or  "  date,"  is  owing  to  the  groat  quantities 
of  excellent  dates  produced  in  its  valleys. 

Wustanee,  a  region  of  Egypt.     See  Vostani. 

M'iisten,  <^Us't?n,  O'der  and  Niedeu,  nee'd9r,  two 
nearly  contiguous  villages  of  Lippe.     Pop.  19S4. 

Wustcrhauscii,  *oos'tQr-how'z?n,  a  walled  town  of 
Prussia,  province  of  Brandenburg,  on  an  island  in  the 
Dosse,  14  miles  W.S.W.  of  Ncu-Ruppin.     Pop.  3160. 

Wustcrhausen,  a  town  of  Prussia,  on  the  Notte,  13 
miles  S.E.  of  Berlin,  with  a  hunting-scat  built  by  Fred- 
erick William  I,  The  articles  of  peace  between  Prussia 
and  Austria  were  concluded  here  in  1726.     Pop.  1396. 

Wustrow,  -ft-oos'trov,  atown  of  JMecklenburg-Schwerin, 
22  miles  N.E.  of  Rostock.     Pop.  1104. 

Wiistwezel,  wUst'wi'z^l,  or  Westwczel,  wfist'wi'- 
s$l,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  14  miles  N.E.  of 
Antwerp.     Pop.  2104. 

Wutach,  ^oo'tiK,  a  river  of  Baden,  rises  in  the  Feld- 
berg,  flows  N.E.  to  Neustadt,  then  E.S.E.,  and  joins  tho 
llhine  on  the  right,  after  a  course  of  about  45  miles. 

Wyacon'da,  a  township  of  Clarke  co.,  Mo.     P.  885. 

Wyacou'da  River  rises  in  Davis  co.,  Iowa,  runs 
eoutbeastward  through  Scotland  and  Clarke  cos.  of  Missouri, 
and  enters  the  Mississippi  llivcr  at  La  Grange.  It  is 
nearly  100  miles  long. 

Wy'alu'siiig,  a  post-village  of  Bradford  co.,  Pa.,  in 
A  township  of  its  own  name,  on  the  Susquehanna  River,  at 
the  mouth  of  Wyalusing  Creek,  and  on  tho  Pennsylvania 
&  New  York  Railroad,  21  miles  S.E.  of  Towanda.  It  has 
2  cliurches,  a  graded  school,  a  planing-raill,  a  grist-mill, 
and  a  carriage-factory.  Pop.  about  400.  The  township 
contains  another  village,  named  Camptown.  Pop.  of  the 
townsliip,  1707. 

Wyalusing,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co.,  Wis.,  in  Wy- 
alusing township,  on  the  Mississippi  River,  3i  miles  above 
Clayton,  Iowa,  and  about  7  miles  below  Prairie  du  Chien. 
It  h.as  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  734. 

Wyalusing  Creek,  Pennsylvania,  rises  in  Susque- 
hanna CO.,  runs  southwestward,  and  enters  tho  Susque- 
hanna River  in  Bradford  co.  at  Wyalusing. 


Wy'andot,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  central  part  of  Ohio 
has  nn  arcaof  404  square  miles.  Ii  is  drained  by  the  Sun! 
dusky  River  and  Broken  Sword  and  Tymochtco  Crooks 
iho  surface  is  partly  undulating  and  partly  level,  and  ia 
extensively  covered  with  dcn.se  forests  of  the  bcooh  wliits 
ash,  elm,  hickory,  sugar-mnple,  white  oak,  tulip-trce,  Ac 
The  soil  IS  very  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay,  wool" 
cattle,  pork,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products.  Aiiionir 
its  minerals  are  Niagara  limestone  (Upi)cr  .Silurian)  nnd 
cornifcrous  limestone  (Devonian),  which  ore  gcxxl  umtcriuli 
for  building.  This  county  is  intersected  by  3  railroadi 
the  Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  A  Chicago,  the  Columbus  A  To' 
ledo,  and  the  Cincinnati,  Sandusky  &  Cleveland.  Cuiiitiil, 
Upper  Sandusky.  Valuation  of  real  and  i)ersoniil  cmhIo' 
$12,749,284.  Pop.  in  1870,  18,553,  of  whom  16,842  were 
Americans;  in  1880,  22,395. 

Wyandot,  a  post-hamlet  in  Antrim  township,  Wyan- 
dot CO.,  0.,  on  the  Sandusky  River,  about  10  miles  S.W. 
of  Bucyrus.     It  has  2  churches. 

Wy'andot,  or  Spring'brook,  a  post-village  in  Wei- 
lington  CO.,  Ontario,  5i  miles  S.S.W.of  Moorcficld.  P.  150. 

Wyandot  Cave,  Crawford  co.,  Ind.,  is  near  Leaven- 
worth, about  30  miles  W.  of  New  Albany.  It  is  several 
miles  in  extent,  attracts  many  visitors,  iind  is  said  nearly 
to  equal  the  Mammoth  Cave  of  Kentucky  in  the  size  of  iu 
rooms  and  the  extent  of  its  galleries.  See  Ca  vb,  Ind. 
^  Wyandotte,  wi-an-dot',  a  county  in  the  E.N.E.  part  of 
Kansas,  bordering  on  Missouri,  has  an  area  of  about  160 
square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  tho  N.  by  tho  Missouri 
River,  and  intersected  by  the  Kansas  River.  The  surface 
is  partly  covered  with  forests  of  hard  timber.  The  soil  ii 
fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  oats,  and  potatoes  are  the 
staple  products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Kansas 
Pacific  and  Missouri  Pacific  Railroads.  Capital,  Kansas 
City,  which  was  formed  in  1887.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,015,  of 
whom  8766  were  Americans;  in  1875,  12,362:  in  1878, 
13,161;  in  1880,  19,143. 

Wyandotte,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hot  Spring  co.,  Arkansas. 
It  has  manufactures  of  lumber. 

Wyandotte,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wyandotte  township, 
Butte  CO.,  Cal.,  about  7  miles  S.E.  of  Oroville.  P.  50;  of 
township,  731. 

Wyandotte,  two  stations  of  Wyandotte  co..  Kansas, 
on  the  Kansas  City,  Wyandotte  &  Western  and  Missouri 
Pacific  Railroads,  3  miles  above  Kansas  City,  Missouri. 
The  former  city  of  Wyandotte  now  (since  its  consolidaliun 
with  several  other  places  in  1887)  forms  a  part  of  Kansas 
City,  Kansas. 

Wyandotte,  a  township  of  AVyandotte  co.,  Kansas, 
contiguous  to  Kansas  City. 

Wyandotte,  a  city  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  De- 
troit River,  tho  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad, 
and  tho  Canada  Southern  Railroad,  12  miles  S.S.W.  of  De- 
troit. It  has  6  churches,  a  savings-bank,  a  high  school,  a 
newspaper  oflice,  2  rolling-mills,  2  bl.ist-furnaccs  for  pig- 
iron,  2  planing-mills,  a  saw-mill,  a  ship-yard,  Ac.  Farm- 
ing-implements, iron  ships,  iron  plates,  and  iron  rails  are 
made  here.     Pop.  in  1880,  3631. 

Wyauet,  wi'an-ct,  a  post-village  in  Wyanet  township. 
Bureau  co..  111.,  on  the  Chicago,  Burlington  A  Quincy  Rail- 
road, 6i  miles  W.  of  Princeton,  and  29  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Galva.  It  has  a  graded  school  and  3  churches.  Pop.  of 
the  township,  1760. 

Wy'att,  a  hamlet  of  Lafayette  co..  Miss.,  on  tho  Talla- 
hatchce  River,  about  20  miles  S.S.W.  of  Holly  Springs. 

Wy'attville,  a  post-office  of  Winona  co.,  Minn.,  about 
10  miles  S.AV.  of  Winona. 

Wyche  Island.    See  SpiT/.BERGF.y. 

Wychcn,  or  Wijclien,  wi'K^n,  a  village  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, in  Gcldcrland,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Nyinwegen. 

Wyckoir,  wi'kolT,  a  post-office  of  Russell  co.,  Kansas. 

Wyckoff,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  on  the 
New  Jersey  Midland  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  of  Paterson.  It 
has  a  church. 

Wyckoir,  Civuga  co.,  N.Y.    See  Owasco  Lakk. 

Wyckofl's  Mill,  a  hamlet  of  Middlesex  co.,  N.J.,  U 
miles  from  Cranbury  Station.    It  has  a  mill  and  a  tinnery. 

Wyclirte,  wik'Hir,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  York, 
North  Riding,  5.i  miles  E.S.E.  of  Barnard  Castle.  In  the 
rectory-house  is  a  fine  portrait  of  AVyclifi"c,  tho  Reformer, 
who  is  believed  to  have  been  born  here  in  1325. 

Wycombe,  Chipping.    See  Ciiippisg-Wvcombe. 

Wycon'dah,  a  township  of  Davis  co.,  Iowa.    P.  1280. 

Wye,  wi,  a  river  of  England  and  AVales,  rises  on  the  S. 
side  of  Plinlimraon,  co.  of  Montgomery,  near  the  source 
of  the  Severn,  flows  mostly  S.E.,  and,  after  separating  the 
COS.  of  Gloucester  and  Monmouth,  enters  the  estuary  of  the 


WYE 


2863 


WYO 


Serern,  2  miles  S.  of  Chepstow.  Principal  affluents,  the 
Lugg  and  Ithon,  from  the  N.,  and  the  Monnow  and  Irfon, 
from  the  W.  Total  course,  130  miles.  In  the  upper  and 
lower  parts  of  its  course  its  banks  are  precipitous;  in  Here- 
fordshire it  has  a  very  tortuous  course  through  a  fertile 
country.  It  is  connected  with  the  Severn  by  a  canal  from 
Ileroford  to  Gloucester,  and  has  a  valuable  salmon-fishery. 

>Vye»  a  small  river  of  England,  co.  of  Derby,  after  a 
S.E.  course,  joins  the  Derwcnt  4  miles  S.E.  of  Bakewell. 

>Vye»  a  river  of  Tasmania,  tributary  to  the  Swan  Kiver, 
CO.  of  Glamorgan. 

Wye,  a  town  of  England,  oo.  of  Kent,  on  the  Canterbury 
Branch  of  the  Southeastern  Railway,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Ash- 
ford.    Pop.  1620.    The  village  has  a  bridge  over  the  Stour. 

Wye,  Netherlands.    See  Y. 

Wye,  a  river  of  Maryland,  an  inlet  of  Chesapeake  Bay, 
forming  part  of  the  boundary  between  Queen  Anno  and 
Talbot  cos. 

Wye  Island,  an  island  of  Queen  Anne  co.,  Md.,  in  the 
estuary  of  tho  above  river. 

Wye  Mills,  a  post-village  of  Talbot  co.,  Md.,  7  miles  S. 
of  Centreville.     It  has  2  churches. 

Wylic,  wi'?h,  or  Wijhe,  wi'§h,  a  village  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, province  of  Overyssel,  9  miles  N.  of  Deventer,  on 
the  Yssel.     Pop.  4058. 

Wyk,  Wijk,  wik,  or  Wijk-by-Heusden,  wik  bi 
hois'd^n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North  Brabant, 
11  miles  W.N.W.  of  Bois-le-Duo.    Pop.  of  commune,  1769. 

Wyk,  \i\k,  a  seaport-village  of  Prussia,  in  Sleswick,  on 
tho  S.E.  coast  of  Fiihr,  16  miles  N.W.  of  Bredstedt. 

Wyk  (or  Wijk),  De,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
Drenthe,  30  miles  S.S.W.  of  Assen.     P.  of  commune,  2040. 

Wyk-bei-Duurstede,  wik  bi  diiu'std'd^h,  a  village 
of  the  Netherlands,  13  miles  S.E.  of  Utrecht,  on  the  Ilhine, 
where  it  gives  off  tho  Leek.     Pop.  of  commune,  2770. 

Wy'kcrtown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Sussex  co.,  N.J.,  4 
miles  N.E.  of  Branchville. 

Wy'kofT,  a  post-village  of  Fillmore  co.,  Minn.,  in  Fill- 
moro  township,  near  Root  River,  on  the  Southern  Minne- 
sota Railroad,  38  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Rushford.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  brick-yard,  a  pump-factory,  a  newspaper  office, 
and  5  grain-warehouses.     Pop.  about  450. 

Wyl,  -^l],  or  Weil,  ^ile,  a  town  of  Switzerland,  canton 
and  15  miles  AV.  of  St.  Gall,  on  the  Thur.  Pop.  2230, 
mostly  linen-  and  cotton-weavers. 

Wylie,  wi'le,  a  station  in  Alleghany  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Pittsburg,  Virginia  &  Charleston  Railroad,  21  miles  S.  by 
E.  of  Pittsburg. 

Wylie's  (wi'liz)  Mill,  a  post-hamlot  of  Chester  co., 
S.C,  on  or  near  tho  Catawba  River,  about  60  miles  N.  of 
Columbia.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Wyliesville,  a  post-office  of  Erath  co.,  Tex. 

Wylliesburg,  wil'liz-biirg,  a  post-village  of  Charlotte 
CO.,  Va.,  6  miles  from  Roanoke  Railroad  Station.  It  has  2 
churches,  3  stores,  a  steam  saw-mill,  and  a  wagon-shop. 

Wyl'Iy,  a  post-office  of  Liiurens  co.,  Ga. 

W^y'mondham,  or  Wynd'ham,  a  market-town  and 
parish  of  England,  co.  of  Norfolk,  on  tho  Eastern  Counties 
Railway,  at  the  divergence  of  the  Fakenham  Branch,  10 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Norwich.  Pop.  of  town,  2150,  partly  em- 
ployed in  manufactures  of  bombazines  and  crapes. 

Wynaad,  wi'nld',  or  Pan'amburt'-Cot'ta  (Hin- 
doo, Bynadn),  a  small  district  of  British  India,  in  lat. 
11°  30'  N.,  Ion.  76°  20'  E.,  comprised  in  the  collectorato  of 
Malabar.  It  produces  the  best  cardamoms  in  India.  Tho 
village  of  AVynaad  is  50  miles  S.W.  of  Mysore. 

Wynant,  Shelby  co.,  0.    See  Newport. 

Wy'uant^s  Kill,  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y.,  falls  into  the 
Hudson  2  miles  below  Troy. 

Wynant's  Kill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Rensselaer  co.,  N.Y., 
in  North  Greenbush  township,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Troy.  It 
has  2  churches.     Pop.  140. 

Wyndham,  England.    See  AVymondham. 

Wyiicgheni,*i'n9h-Gh5uj\  a  village  of  Belgium, prov- 
ince and  6  miles  E.  of  Antwerp.     Pop.  1111. 

W.yne-Gunga,  Wain-Gunga,  or  Wein-Gunga, 
win'gung-gi>,  a  river  of  India,  in  the  Deccan,  joins  the 
Wurdah  20  miles  S.  of  Chamoory.  Length,  230  miles. 
Principal  affluent,  the  Khahaun,  from  the  N.AV. 

Wynema,  Californi.a.    See  IIueneub. 

Wynctka,  Illinois.    See  Wi.nsetka. 

M'yngene,  wing'H4-n?h  (Fr.  pron.  vAs'V.hain'),  a  vil- 
lage of  Belgium,  in  AVest  Flanders,  8J  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Bruges.     Pop.  6620.     It  has  linen-factories. 

Wynigen,  ■^ee'ne-gh^n,  a  village  and  parish  of  Swit- 
lorland,  canton  of  Born,  4  miles  N.E.  of  Burgdorf,  on  the 
Ooschbach.    Pop.  2700. 


Wynkel,  win'k?!,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of 
East  Flanders,  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  2008. 

Wyukel-Sant-Eloi,  win'k^l-sdnt-i-Ioi',  a  village  of 
Belgium,  in  AVest  Flanders,  21  miles  S.  of  Bruges.  P.  2458, 

Wynkoopsbaai,  or  W^jnkoopsbaai,  Dr.,  d?  win- 
kSps-bi'i,  a  bay  on  the  S.  coast  of  the  island  of  Java,  oo 
the  AV.  side  of  tho  residency  of  Preanger,  between  the 
mouth  of  the  Tjibarenok  and  Point  Sodong-parat.  Oflf  it 
is  an  island  of  the  same  name. 

Wynn,  win,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Ind.,  about  30 
miles  S.  of  Richmond. 

Wynnewood,  win'wood,  a  station  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad,  6i  miles  AV.  of  AVest  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Wynn's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Henry  co.,  Ga. 

Wynnsville,  winz'vll,  a  post-hamlct  of  Martin  CO., 
N.C.,  25  miles  E.  of  Tarborougn.     It  has  a  church. 

Wynnton,  win't9n,  a  village  of  JIuscogco  co.,  Ga.,  i<i 
adjacent  to  Columbus,  of  which  it  is  a  suburb. 

Wynnvillc,  win'vil,  a  post-office  of  Blount  co.,  Ala., 
about  50  miles  N.N.E.  of  Birmingham. 

Wynokic,  Passaic  co.,  N..J.    See  AVanaqce. 

Wynoochee,  or  Wynouchee,  wi-noo'chec,  a  small 
river  of  Chehalis  co.,  AVashington,  flows  southward,  and 
enters  the  Chehalis  River  at  Montesano. 

Wyocena,  wi^o-se'na,  a  post-village  of  Columbia  co., 
AVis.,  in  AVyocena  township,  on  tho  Chicago,  Milwaukee  k 
St.  Paul  Railroad,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Portage  City.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  cheese-factory,  and  3  stores.  Pop.  270 ;  of  tho 
township,  1120. 

Wyoma,  wi-o'mi,  a  village  of  Essex  co.,  Mass.,  in  the 
city  of  Lynn,  1^  miles  from  the  Central  Station.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  morocco-factory. 

Wyoming,  wi-o'ming,  a  western  state  of  the  American 
Union,  bounded  N.  by  Montana,  E.  by  South  Dakota  and 
Nebraska,  S.  by  Colorado  and  Utah,  and  AV.  by  Utah,  Idaho, 
and  Montana.  It  is  quadrangular,  and  its  bounding  lines 
are  the  meridians  of  104°  and  111°  AV.  and  the  parallels 
of  41°  and  46°  N.     Area,  97,890  square  miles. 

Face  of  the  Country. — From  N.AV.  to  S.E.  extends  tho 
AVind  River  or  main  chain  of  tho  Rocky  Mountains,  in  a 
course  parallel  to,  but  at  some  distance  from,  the  diagonal 
line  of  the  state.  Tho  southwestern  portion  of  tho  state 
is  therefore  on  the  Pacific  slope,  and  is  drained  principally 
by  the  Green  and  Snake  Rivers  and  their  many  tributa- 
ries. Its  surface  is  broken  by  mountain-ranges  and  buttes. 
The  Atlantic  or  northeastern  slope  is  drained  by  the  Yel- 
lowstone, Big  Horn,  Powder,  Big  Cheyenne,  and  North 
Platte  Rivers,  and  their  numerous  tributaries, — nil  direct 
or  indirect  affluents  of  the  Missouri.  In  the  N.AV.  is 
the  Upper  Valley  of  the  Yellowstone,  in  which  an  area 
of  3525  square  miles,  mostly  within  this  state,  has  been 
reserved  as  a  national  park.  Here  occur  the  grandest  and 
most  numerous  geysers  (or  spouting,  intermittent  thermal 
springs)  in  the  whole  known  world  ;  while  the  mountains 
rising  into  the  region  of  perpetual  snows,  tho  deep  river- 
carions,  and  the  headlong  cataracts  render  it  a  region  of 
great  interest  to  the  tourist.  Between  the  Medicine  Bow 
spur  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  on  the  S.AV.  and  tho  Lara- 
mio  Mountains  on  the  N.E.  lie  the  great  Laramie  Plains,  a 
cold  and  elevated  region,  some  of  whose  surrounding  peaks 
are  clad  with  eternal  snows.  Northward  and  northeast- 
ward from  the  Laramie  Mountains  there  is  a  prairie-  or 
plain-region,  crossed  by  low  anticlinals,  which  connects 
the  Laramie  Mountains  with  the  Big  Horn  Mountains  to 
the  N.  and  the  Black  Hills  to  the  N.E.  A  characteristic 
feature  in  the  landscapes  of  Southern  AVyoraing  are  the 
flat-topped  hills,  or  "  buttes,"  arising  in  valleys  or  upon 
plains,  and  often  presenting  the  appearance  of  walled 
cities,  ruined  castles,  pyramids,  or  mounds. 

Geology. — The  principal  mountain-systems  may  bo  said 
to  be  composed  of  a  core,  or  nucleus,  of  red  syenite,  or 
quartzite,  or  other  archaic  rock,  with  borders  exhibiting 
Silurian,  Devonian,  carboniferous,  triassic,  Jurassic,  cre- 
taceous, and  tertiary  and  pleistocene  strata ;  but  most  of 
the  plain  or  prairie  country  is  cretaceous  or  tertiary.  South- 
west of  the  Big  Horn  Mountains  the  triassic  and  Jurassic 
formations  seem  to  prevail,  and  in  the  National  Park  there 
are  abundant  evidences  of  recent  volcanic  action.  Gold 
and  silver  have  been  obtained  in  several  places  quite 
abundantly ;  vast  beds  of  iron  are  found  throughout  the 
state,  and  an  excellent  quality  of  coal  of  tertiary  origin 
is  mined  upon  a  large  scale.  This  coal  supplies  the 
Pacific  railroads  and  much  of  tho  population  of  tne  plains 
with  a  cheap  and  serviceable  fuel.  It  appears  to  bo  well 
adapted  to  iron-smelting  in  the  Siemens'  furnace.  Gyp- 
sum, salt,  soda,  soda-sulphoto,  graphite,  copper,  petroleum, 
sulphur,  ic,  are  among  the  useful  mineral  products.    M»« 


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iloiaal  wstora  abound.  The  general  cloration  of  tbe  plains 
and  Talleyi  is  from  5000  to  7U00  feet  above  tea-level,  but 
tbe  oiiinate  is  beaUbful,  and,  oxoept  on  th«  mountains,  the 
snow-fall  is  light. 

Objtef  of  J»l*rett  t»  TonriHt. — Among  these  ar«  the 
strango  weiither-wom  sandntone  and  elay  buttee  of  th« 
Bridg«r  Uaniii  in  the  S.W. ;  the  Grand  Canon  of  the  Yellow- 
stone; and  the  gejsers,  hot  gprin;^,  and  mud  volcanoes  of 
the  National  I'ark.  The  upper  fall  of  the  Yellowstone  ( 140 
fMt),  and  tha  lower  fall  of  3tf7  feet  perpendioulnr,  and  the 
cataracts  of  Full  Uivorand  Civcade  Creek,  are  among  the 
very  numerous  objects  of  interei<t  which  the  state  presents 
Fremont  I'rak,  riling  13,67U  feel,  I.»rauiie  Peak  (11,000), 
Medicine  Bow  (12,231),  Mount  Monin  (t2,80V),  Mount 
Uayden  (13,691),  and  Chimney  Rock  (11,£6.H)  are  among 
the  highest  measured  peaks. 

Agriculture. — The  principal  cereals,  escept  Indian  com, 
do  well  hero  :  but  the  noW  is  better  suited  to  turnips,  pota- 
tpea,  pease,  beans,  and  other  like  crops.  Tbe  Larninie 
Plains  have  short  summers  and  long,  severe  winters.  Pas- 
toral pursuits,  and  especially  wool-growing,  promise  better 
here  than  does  farm-tillage.  Much  of  the  country  requires 
irrigation  to  make  it  productive.  At  present  the  mining 
of  coal  along  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad  and  the  rearing 
and  tending  of  sheep  and  cattle  are  the  leading  productive 
industries  of  Wyoming. 

Maux/uctare*. — The  monntains,  which  are  generally  well 
wooded  w'th  pines  and  othor  coniferous  trees,  .afford  timber, 
from  which  lumber  and  railroaJ-tics  are  pawn.  Besides 
this,  there  is  some  quartz-milling  and  considerable  railroad 
repairing  and  machine-work  done  at  the  principal  towns 
along  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad.  There  is  a  good  amount 
of  water-power  developed  in  the  monntains  and  caRons; 
and  when  suitable  processes  for  working  the  iron  ores  of 
AVyoming  with  her  own  coals  shall  have  been  introduced, 
it  is  probable  that  tbe  metallurgical  interests  of  the  state 
will  become  important. 

Railroads. — Among  the  most  important  roads  are  tbe 
Union  Pacific,  the  Denver  Pacific,  the  Colorado  Central, 
tbe  Laramie,  North  Park  &  Pacific,  the  Cheyenne  k  North- 
em,  and  the  Wyoming  Central.  Tbe  total  length  of  rail- 
roads in  1890  was  1003  miles. 

Counties. — There  are  13  counties:  Albany,  Big  Horn, 
Carl>on,  Converse,  Crook,  Fremont,  Johnson,  Laramie, 
Natrona,  Sheridan,  Sweetwater,  Uintah,  and  Weston.  The 
largest  towns  are  Cheyenne,  the  capital  (pop.  in  1890, 
11,690) ;  Laramie,  an  inipoi-tant  industrial  and  commercial 
town  (6338) ;  Rock  Springs  (3406),  Rawlins  (2235),  Evans- 
ton,  in  the  vicinity  of  extensive  coal-mines  (l'J95);  New 
Castle  (1716),  Carbon  (1140),  and  Buffalo  (1087). 

GorerHment. — The  governor  and  executive  officers  are 
elected  for  4  years  ;  tbe  judges  for  8  years.  Sessions  of  the 
legislature  are  biennial  and  limited  to  40  days.  Senators 
serve  for  a  term  of  4  years,  and  representatives  are  elected 
for  2  years.  Tbe  state  debt  is  limited  to  one  per  cent, 
of  the  assessed  valuation  of  property.  The  state  insane 
asylum  is  located  at  Evanston,  and  the  penitentiary  at 
Rawlins. 

Education. — There  is  a  well-established  system  of  public 
schools.  Excellent  graded  schools  are  maintained  in  the 
larger  towns.  Laramie  is  the  seat  of  tbe  state  university. 
The  Indiana  on  the  Shoshone  reservation  in  18il0  num- 
bered 1801,  and  belonged  to  the  Shoshone  and  Northern 
Arapahoe  tribes.  By  an  agreement  effected  in  October, 
1891,  they  ceded  to  the  United  States  government  more 
than  one-half  their  lands. 

History. — Wyoming  Territory  was  organized  in  1868 
(though  tbe  name  and  organization  had  been  proposed  in 
1865)  from  areas  previously  in  Dakota,  Idaho,  and  Utah, 
but  derived  more  remotely  from  tbe  original  territories  of 
Nebraska,  Utah,  and  Oregon,  a  portion  having  at  one  time 
belonged  also  to  Washington  Territory.  It  was  admitted 
as  a  state  in  1890. 

The  Population  in  1870,  ezclnsive  of  Indians,  waa  9118. 
It  w.os  20,789  in  1880,  and  60,705  in  1890. 

Wyoming,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  New  York,  has 
an  area  of  about  606  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  tbe 
S.E.  by  tbe  Genesee  River,  and  is  drained  by  Allen's,  Cat- 
taraugus, and  Tonawanda  Creeks,  which  rise  in  it.  The 
surface  is  undulating,  and  extensively  covered  with  forests 
of  the  ash,  beech,  elm,  hickory,  oak,  sugar-maple,  tulip- 
tree,  ic.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Hay,  butter,  wheat, 
oats,  wool,  cheese,  barley,  and  cattle  are  the  staple  products. 
Dovonisn  sandstones  and  shales  underlie  a  large  part  of 
this  county.  On  the  S.E.  border  the  Genesee  River  runs  in 
a  narrow  gorge  between  perpendicular  cliffs  350  feet  high. 
Ucre  are  several  |>ictur  esque  cataracts,  one  of  which  is  110  feet 


high.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  New  York,  Lake 
Erie  A  Wc;^tern  Railroad,  tho  Attica  A  Freedom  Railroad 
and  the  Buffalo,  Rochester  A  Pittsburg  Railroad,  and  it 
connected  with  Rochester  by  the  Genesee  Valley  Canal 
Capitnl,  Warsaw.  Pop.  in  1870,  29,164;  in  1^76,  30  595- 
in  1880,  30,907;  in  1S90,  31,193.  '       ' 

Wyoming,  a  county  in  the  N.E.  part  of  Pennsylvania, 
has  an  area  of  about  396  square  miles.  It  is  inturrected  by 
the  North  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna  River,  and  is  drained 
by  Bowman's,  Mehoopany,  and  Tunkhannock  Creeks.  The 
surface  is  diversified  by  high  ridges  and  bluffs,  which  rise 
ne-.irly  1000  feet  above  the  river.  A  large  |>art  of  it  is  eov. 
ercd  with  forests  of  beech,  hickory,  oak,  pine,  sugar-maple, 
chestnut,  walnut,  Ae.  Tbe  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Wheat 
oiits,  hay,  Indian  corn,  and  butter  are  the  Jtaple  products. 
This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Lehigh  Valley  itailroad, 
the  Montrose  Railroad,  and  tbe  Delaware,  Laekaw.inna  A 
Western  Railroad.  Capital,  Tunkhannrnik.  Pop.  In  1870 
14,5S5;  in  1880,  15,598;  in  1890,  15,891.  ' 

Wyoming,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  West  Virginia, 
hns  an  area  of  660  square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  tbe 
Guyandotte  River,  which  rises  in  it.  The  surface  is  moon- 
tainous,  and  mostly  covered  with  forests  of  the  walnut, 
oak,  chestnut,  poplar,  ash,  and  other  trees.  Indian  com, 
oats,  grass,  Ac,  are  the  staples.  The  Norfolk  4  Wentern 
Railroad  touches  the  S.W.  part  of  this  county.  Capitnl, 
Oceana.    Pop.  in  1870,  3171 ;  in  1880,  4322;  in  1890,  6247. 

Wyoming,  a  post-village  of  Kent  co.,  Del.,  on  tli« 
Delaware  Railroad,  50  miles  S.  of  Wilmington,  and  %  milei 
S.S.W.  of  Dover.  It  has  several  churches,  and  the  Wyo- 
ming  Institute.     Pop.  about  400. 

Wyoming,  a  township  of  Lee  co..  111.     Pop.  1280. 

Wyoming,  a  post-village  of  Stark  co..  III.,  in  Essex 
and  Toulon  townships,  on  the  Peoria  A  Rock  Island  Rail- 
road where  it  crosses  the  Bnda  A  Rushville  Branch  of  the 
Chicago,  Burlington  A  Quincy  Railroad,  31  miles  N.  by  W. 
•of  Peoria,  and  6  miles  E.S.E.  of  Toulon.  It  has  a  news- 
paper ofiice,  a  high  school,  2  banking-houses,  and  5  churches, 
also  3  flouring-mills  and  a  machine-shop.  Coal  is  mined 
here.     Pop.  1100. 

Wyoming,  a  post-village  of  Jones  co.,  Iowa,  in  Wy- 
oming township,  on  tbe  Davenport  A  Northwestern  Rail- 
road, 52  miles  N.N.W.  of  Davenport,  and  about  18  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Anamosa.  It  has  a  newspaper  office,  a  money- 
order  post-office,  a  national  bank,  1  other  bank,  a  graded 
school,  3  churches,  and  a  flour-mill.  Pop.  6S9  ;  of  the  town- 
ship, excluding  tbe  village,  1014. 

Wyoming,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  eo.,  Kansas, 
about  25  miles  S.E.  of  Marysville.     It  has  a  church. 

Wyoming,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bath  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Licking  River,  at  the  mouth  of  Slate  Creek,  about  32  miles 
S.  of  Maysville.  It  has  3  churches,  an  academy,  and  a  saw- 
mill.     Pop.  120. 

Wyoming,  a  village  of  Middlesex  co.,  Mass.,  on  the 
Boston  A  Maine  Railroad,  6J  miles  N.  of  Boston. 

Wyoming,  a  township  of  Kent  co.,  Mich.     Pop.  JOOS. 

Wyoming,  a  post-hamlet  of  Chisago  co.,  Minn.,  in 
Wyoming  township,  on  the  Lake  Superior  A  Mississippi 
Railroad,  30  miles  N.  of  St.  Paul.     Pop.  of  township,  291. 

Wyoming,  a  post-hamlet  of  Otoe  co..  Neb.,  on  tho 
Missouri  River,  about  10  miles  above  Nebraska  City. 

Wyoming,  a  post-village  in  Middlebury  township, 
Wyoming  co.,  N.Y.,  on  Oatka  Creek,  and  on  the  Rochester 
A  State  Line  Railroad,  38  miles  S.W.  of  Rochester,  and  5 
or  6  miles  N.N.E.  of  Warsaw.  It  h.os  3  churches,  an  acad- 
emy, a  flour-mill,  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop.  338. 

Wyoming,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  0.,  in  Spring- 
field township,  on  the  Cincinnati,  Hamilton  A  Dayton  Rail- 
road, about  12  miles  N.  of  Cincinnati.  It  has  2  churches, 
a  private  bank,  a  graded  school,  and  many  fine  residences. 
Pop.  about  1000. 

Wyoming,  a  post-borough  of  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  in  the 
valley  of  Wyoming,  on  the  W.  bank  of  the' Susquehanna 
River,  5  miles  above  Wilkesb.arre,  and  on  the  Lackawanna 
A  Bloomsburg  Railroad,  3  miles  S.W.  of  Pittston.  It  has 
3  churches,  a  high  school,  a  carriage-factory,  a  woollen- 
mill,  terracotta- works,  Ac.     Pop.  in  1890,  1794. 

Wyoming, a  post-village  in  Hopkinton  and  Richmond 
townships,  Washington  co.,  R.I.,  on  AVood  River,  i  mils 
from  Hope  Valley  Station,  and  30  miles  S.S.W.  of  Provi- 
dence.    It  has  3  churches  and  a  cotton-factory.     Pop.  358 

Wyoming,  a  post-hamlet  in  Wyoming  township,  Iowa 
CO.,  Wis.,  42  miles  W.  of  Madison.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  of  the  township,  720. 

Wyoming,  a  village  of  Albany  co.,  Wyoming,  on  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad,  15  miles  N.  by  AV.  of  Laramie 
City.     Uere  is  a  lumber-mill  on  the  Little  Laramie  River. 


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Wjro'ming',  a  po.«t-viilage  in  I.nmbton  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  Great  Western  Riiihvay,  45  miles  W.  of  London.  It  is 
a  place  of  consiJcrablo  tnide,  being  in  the  centre  of  the 
western  oil-regions,  and  contains  several  oil-refineries,  a 
carding-niill,  a  grist-mill,  an  iron-foundry,  a  printing-office, 
and  a  number  of  stores.     I'op.  500. 

Wyoming  Alountnin,  Pennsylvania,  in  Luzorne  co., 
extends  15  or  20  miles  along  the  S.E.  bank  of  the  Susque- 
hanna.    Its  height  is  about  1200  feet. 

Wyoming  Valley  is  in  Luzerne  co..  Pa.,  and  has  the 
form  of  a  long  oval  or  ellipse,  about  5  miles  wide  and  30 
miles  in  length.  The  Xorth  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna 
River  runs  through  it  in  a  S.W.  direction.  A  long  ridge, 
called  Wyoming  Mountain,  extends  along  the  S.K.  border 
of  the  valley.  It  is  remarkable  for  its  beauty  and  fertility, 
and  has  inexhaustible  mines  of  the  best  anthracite  coal. 
The  Wyoming  Mountain  rises  about  1200  feet  above  the 
river  above  named.  The  scenery  of  the  valley  combines 
great  richness,  beauty,  variety,  and  grandeur.  Few  laoU- 
Scapes  can  vie  with  tlio  valley  of  the  Wyoming. 

Wyota,  Iowa  and  Wisconsin.     See  WtOTA. 

WyVaghur',  a  town  of  India,  Central  Provinecf,  dis- 
trict and  SO  miles  S.E.  of  Nagpoor,  on  an  affluent  of  the 
Wyne-Gunga. 

Wyrballcn,  Russian  Poland.    See  AViehzbolow. 

Wyre,  a  river  of  England,  co.  of  Lancjistor,  formed  by 
many  small  moorland  streams,  flows  AV.  and  N.,  expanding 
into  a  navigable  estuary  which  joins  the  Irish  Sea  at  Fleet- 
wood.   See  Fleetwood. 

Wysaiiking,  wi-saw'king,  station-name  of  Wysox,  Pa. 

Wyse's  Ferry,  a  post-office  of  Edgefield  co.,  S.C. 

Wysoke-Meyto,  Bohemia.    See  Hoiiexmauth. 

Wy'sox,  a  township  of  Carroll  co.,  111.     Pop.  1331. 

Wysox,  wi'sox,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bradford  co..  Pa.,  in 
Wysox  township,  on  the  Susquehanna  River  and  the  Le- 
high Valley  Railroad  ( Wysauking  Railroad  Station),  4  miles 
i.  of  Towanda.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  plaster- 
liiill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1290. 

Wyssebrod,  a  village  of  Bohemia.    See  IIohexfurt. 

Wystyten,  Russian  Poland.     See  AVistitte.v. 

Wyszgorod,  *ish-go'rod,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland, 
J7  miles  E.S.E.  of  Plock,  on  the  Vistula.     Pop.  4423. 


Wyszkow,  i^ish'kov,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  gov- 
ernment of  Plook,  on  the  Bug,  S.  of  Pultusk.     Pop.  12U0, 

Wysztyuie,  *ish-tin'y4,  or  Wyzayny,  *ii-i'Dcc,  a 
town  of  Russian  Poland,  province  of  Suvulki,  30  miles 
N.W.  of  Seyny,  on  the  frontier  of  Prussia.  Pop.  mostly 
JoWs. 

Wysztytten,  Russiftn  Poland.    See  Wistittem. 

Wytcgra,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  VvTKcnA. 

Wythe,  with  (rhyming  with  tmith),  a  county  in  the  S.W. 
part  of  Virginia,  hiis  an  area  of  about  630  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  New  River,  and  also  drained  by  Reo<l 
iiml  Cripple  Creeks.  The  surface  is  diver.Hiflod  by  a  long 
ridge  called  Walker's  Mountain,  and  the  Iron  Mountain, 
which  extends  along  the  southern  border  of  the  county. 
Between  those  ridges  is  a  wide  and  fertile  valley.  Forests 
of  the  hickory,  chestnut,  beeeh,  oak,  sugar-maple,  wild 
cherry,  <tc.,  cover  nearly  half  of  the  entire  area.  Wheat, 
Indian  corn,  oats,  cattle,  and  ])ork  are  the  staple  products. 
Among  the  minerals  are  iron  ore,  bituminous  coal,  gypsum, 
limestone,  lead,  and  zinc.  This  county  is  intersoctetl  by 
the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  &  Ohio  Railroad.  Capital,  Wythe- 
ville.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $4,041,571. 
Pop.  in  1870,  11,611;  in  1880,  14,318. 

Wythe,  a  township  of  Hancock  co..  111.     Pop.  1219. 

Wythe  Depot,  Shelby  CO.,  Tenn.    See  Witfie  Depot. 

Wytheville,  with'vll,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Wjrthe 
CO.,  Va.,  on  the  Atlantic,  Mississippi  <fe  Ohio  Railroad,  56 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Abingdon,  and  133  miles  W.S.W.  of  Lynch- 
burg. It  is  finely  situated  in  an  elevated  valley,  and  is 
surrounded  by  mountains.  It  contains  a  bank,  7  churches, 
and  printing-offices  which  issue  2  weekly  newspapers.  It 
has  manufactures  of  flour,  furniture,  leather,  wagons, 
ploughs,  and  woollen  cloth.     Pop.  in  18«0,  2570. 

Wytoo'nee,  one  of  the  Disappointment  Islands,  in  the 
Pacific  Ocean.  Length,  5  miles.  Lat.  of  S.E.  point,  14° 
12'  S. ;  Ion.  141°  12'  W. 

WyHop'itlock,  a  post-office  of  Aroostook  co.,  Mo.,  on 
the  Mattawamkeag  River  and  the  European  &  North  Amer- 
ican Railroad,  76  miles  N.N.E.  of  Bangor. 

Wytschaete,  wit'sKi't^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  pror- 
ince  of  AVcst  Flanders,  6  miles  S.  of  Ypres.     Pop.  2950. 

Wyzayny,  a  town  of  Poland.    See  Wysity.me. 


X. 


Xabary,  a  river  of  South  America.    See  Jabart. 

Xabea,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Jabea. 

Xabugo,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Jabugo. 

Xaca,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Jaca. 

Xadraque,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Jadraqub. 

Xaen,  a  city  of  Spain.    See  Jaex. 

Xagua,  a  river  of  Honduras.    See  JAGtTA. 

Xalapa,  a  city  of  Mexico.    See  Jalapa. 

Xalisco,  a  state  of  Mexico.    See  Jaliscx). 

Xalon,  a  river  and  village  of  Spain.     See  Jalox. 

Xamilena,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Jamilena. 

Xamiltepec,  or  Janiiltepec,  iil-meel-tA-pJk',  a 
town  of  Mexico,  state  and  70  milesS.S.W.  of  Oajaca,  on  the 
Chicomctepec,  near  the  sea.     Pop.  4000. 

Xana,  La,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  La  Jaha. 

Xanten,  ksin't?n,  San'ten,  or  Sanc'ten,  a  town  of 
Rhenish  Prussia,  government  of  Dusseldorf,  15  miles  S.E. 
of  Clevcs,  near  thn  Rhino.  Pop.  3292.  It  has  manufac- 
tures of  woollen  cloth,  cassimcrcs,  velvets,  and  cotton,  dis- 
tilleries, breweries,  and  vinegar-factories.  It  occupies  the 
site  of  the  Roman  Colonia  Trajana. 

Xanthi,  zan'thee  or  zJn'tee,  a  mountain  of  European 
Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  N.W.  of  the  Gulf  of  Lagos,  jEgcan 
Sea,  and  rising  to  3S00  feet  in  elevation. 

Xanthns,  zan'thus  (Or.  Eacflo?;  Turkish,  Etchen-Chni, 
i'chin-chi'),  a  small  river  of  Asia  Minor,  rises  in  the 
Taurus  Mountains,  and  falls  into  the  Mediterranean  near 
Patara.    It  is  navigable  for  a  considerable  part  of  its  course. 

Xanthtis,  an  ancient  city  of  Asia  Minor,  the  remains 
of  which,  on  the  E.  bank  of  a  river  of  its  own  name,  20 
miles  S.E.  of  Makrec,  lat.  36°  21'  N.,  Ion.  29°  23'  E.,  con- 
sist of  temples  and  tombs,  having  elaborate  bas-reliefs, 
many  of  which  have  been  removed  and  deposited  in  the 
Brlti'ih  Muscam. 


Xapeco,  or  Cliapeco,  shi-pl'ko,  a  river  of  Brazil, 
province  of  Sao  Paulo,  joins  the  Uruguay. 

Xarafuel,  a  town  of  Sjiain.    See  Jauafuel. 

Xaraicejo,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Jaraicejo. 

Xarama,  a  river  of  Spain.    See  Jarama. 

Xarandilla,  Spain.    See  Jaraxdii.la. 

Xarayes,  shi-ri'is  (Sp.  pron.  iii-ri'6=),  the  name  origi- 
nally given  to  certain  low  tracts  of  Brazil,  situated  to  the 
S.  of  the  town  of  Matto-G  rosso  or  Villa  Bella,  and  annually 
inundated  for  three  months  over  a  space  of  about  240 
miles.  Much  of  the  water  never  retires,  but  forms  exten- 
sive lakes,  abounding  in  fish,  frequented  by  immense  flights 
of  water-fowl,  and  tenanted  by  the  Jacari,  a  species  of 
crocodile,  of  less  size  than  that  of  Egypt. 

Xarral,  or  Jarral,  Han-Ril',  a  town  of  Mexico,  8tat« 
and  55  miles  N.  of  Guanajuato.     Pop.  3000. 

Xativa,  Spain.    See  San  Felipe  de  Jativa. 

Xaiixa,  a  river  and  town  of  Peru.    See  Jauja. 

Xavalquinto,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Javalqttinto. 

Xaverov,  ti-ve-rOv',  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Volhynia, 
32  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ovrootch.     Pop.  1500. 

Xavicr,  an  island  of  Patagonia.    See  Saivt  XATiEn. 

Xelsa,  or  GcKsa,  nSl'sl,  a  town  of  Spain,  on  the 
Ebro,  province  and  36  miles  S.E.  of  Saragossa.    Pop.  2250. 

Xenday,  shin-di',  or  Senday,  sJn-dl',  a  town  of 
Japan,  near  a  bar  of  its  own  name,  E.  coast  of  Hondo. 
Lat.  38°  30'  N.     Pop.  in  1884,  55,321. 

Xenia,  zee'ne-a,  a  post-village  in  Xcnia  township,  Clay 
CO.,  111.,  on  the  Ohio  &  Mississippi  Railroad,  8  miles  W,  of 
Flora,  and  17  miles  E.  of  Salem.  It  has  several  ohurchei 
and  a  money-order  post-office. 

Xenia,  a  post-village  in  Jackson  township,  Miami  oo., 
Ind.,  at  Converse  Station  on  the  railroad  which  connect! 
Logansport  with  Marion,  28  miles  E.S.E.  of  LogansporU 


XBW 


2866 


TAD 


It  has  3  ohurcbo8,  a  noTVspapor  ofTice,  a  graded  school,  the 
Xonia  Colloj^e,  nnd  manul'auturos  of  furniture  and  lumber. 
Pop.  in  IS'JO,  D21. 

Acnia,  apost-hanilotof  Dallas  oo.,  Iowa,  about  20  miles 
N.W.  of  Doi  Moines. 

Xcitin,  a  ))ost-viilago  in  Franklin  township,  Bourbon 
00.,  Kansas,  2U  luilea  W.N.W.  of  Fort  Scott.  It  has  a 
church. 

Xeiiia,  Putnnm  en.,  Mo.     See  Leuon's. 

Xunia,  a  post-hauilot  of  Sarpy  co..  Neb.,  near  the  N. 
bank  of  the  Platte  Uivor,  about  25  miles  S.W.  of  Omaha. 
It  has  a  church,  a  cheese-factory,  and  a  broom-factory. 

Xcnin^  a  handsome  city,  the  capital  of  Greene  oo.,  0., 
on  the  Little  Miami  River,  65  miles  N.N.E.  of  Cincinnati, 
16  miles  E.  by  S.  of  Dayton,  20  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Spring- 
field, and  55  miles  W.S.W.  of  Columbus.  It  is  directly 
connected  by  several  railroads  with  all  these  cities.  It  is 
regularly  planned  and  well  built,  and  contains,  besides 
many  handsome  residences,  a  fine  court-house,  15  brick 
churches,  a  high  school,  2  national  banks,  3  newspaper 
offices,  the  Xenia  College  (Methodist  Episcopal),  which 
was  organizotl  in  IS51  and  is  open  to  both  se.xcs,  the  Nor- 
mal Department  of  Wilborforco  University,  a  theological 
seminary  (United  Presbyterian),  a  hospital,  nnd  the  Ohio 
Soldiers'  and  Sailors'  Orphans'  Home.  Xenia  is  surrounded 
by  a  fertile,  undulating  country,  which  is  liberally  supplied 
with  water-power  and  good  limestone.  One  daily  and  3 
weekly  newspiipers  are  published  here.  There  are  planing- 
mills,  saw-mills,  glfiss-works,  oil-mills,  marble-  and  granite- 
works,  and  manufactures  of  agricultural  implements  and 
of  cordage,  twine,  pumps,  carriages,  and  wagons.  Pop.  in 
1S80,  7026;  in  1890,  7301. 

Xenia,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co..  Pa.,  about  8  miles 
S.E.  of  Hanover. 

Xcnil,  a  river  of  Spain.    See  Qenil. 

Xcres,  Spain.   See  Jeurz,  and  Jerez  de  la  Froxtera. 

Xeres,  or  Jerez,  ni-rSs',  a  town  of  Central  America, 
republic  of  Honduras,  S.  of  Comayagua. 

Xcres  de  los  Caballeros.    See  Jerez  de  los  Ca- 

BALLEUOS. 

Xerica,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Jerica. 

Xcrochori,  zir-o-Ko'ree,  a  town  of  Greece,  in  Euboea, 
about  40  miles  E.  of  Lamia. 

Xcrona,  a  city  of  Spain.    See  Gerona. 

Xeros,  Gulf  of.     See  Qulj-  of  Sards. 

Xerte,  a  town  and  river  of  Spain.    See  Jerte. 

Xertigny,  zfiRHeen'yee',  a  market-town  of  France,  in 
Vo^'gcs,  9  miles  S.  of  Epinal.  Pop.  2025,  partly  employed 
in  forges  and  blast-furnaces. 

Xexuy,  a  river  of  Paraguay.    See  Jejdy. 

Xiberras,  Mount,  Malta.    See  Valetta. 

Xicotlan,  a  vill.ige  of  Mexico.     See  Zacatlajj, 

Xicng-3Iai,  ze-6ng'mi'e,  the  capital  city  of  Laos,  on 
the  ilcnam.     Lat.  IS"  30'  N'.j  Ion.  99°  E.    It  has  a  trade 


in  teak,  and  in  woollen  and  silk  goods,  which  are  manufa*. 
tured  here. 

Xiloca,  and  Xilon,  two  rivers  of  Spain,  in  Aragon, 
See  Jii.oca.  '  \ 

Xilo-Castron,  zoo'lo-kis'tron  or  ze-lo'-kls-tron  (anc. 
^•J(ji/ni  f),  a  village  of  Greece,  government  and  2i  uiiUs 
W.N.W.  of  Corinth,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Xilo-Castroii  in 
the  Gulf  of  Corinth.     It  bus  an  active  trade  in  curnmtit. 

Xiincna.     See  Jime.va,  and  Juiena  he  la  Fho.nteiu. 

Xiniera  de  Livar.    See  Ji.meua  de  Livaii. 

Xinio,  one  of  the  Japanese  Islands.    See  Kioo-Sioo. 

Xingu,or  Chingu,  shing-goo',a  river  of  Brazil, pn.v. 
incosof  Matto-Grossoand  Paril,  and  one  of  the  chief  tribu- 
taries  of  the  Amazon,  rises  near  lat.  15°  S.,  Ion.  69°  \V., 
and,  after  a  N.  course  of  1300  miles,  joins  the  Amiizon  2-10 
miles  W.  of  Pard.     Steamboats  can  ascend  it  100  miles. 

Xionz,  zee'onts,  a  town  of  Prussi.a,  28  miles  S.K.  of 
Posen,  with  manufactures  of  linens  and  leather.   Pop.  lOl'J. 

Xiron,  town.  United  States  of  Colombia.    See  GinoN. 

Xiximani,  United  States  of  Colombia.  See  Cautage.xa. 

Xixona,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Juuna. 

Xiz,  shcez,  or  Shiz,  the  Arabian  name  of  the  fire-teiii- 
ple  and  city  of  Atropatenian  Ecbatana  identified  by  Mujur 
llawlinson  with  Tukhti  Suleiman. 

Xoa,  a  state  of  Abyssinia.    See  SnoA. 

Xochicaico,  no-che-kiirko,  a  ruined  pyramid  CO  milc(i 
S.  by  W.  of  the  city  of  Mexico. 

Xochimiico,  iio-che-mecrko,  a  vill.age  of  Mexico,  on 
Lake  Xochimiico,  8  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mexico,  and  once  an 
Aztec  town  of  importance. 

Xochitepec,  iio-che-t.\-pJk',a  village  of  Mexico, state 
and  nearly  60  miles  S.W.  of  the  city  of  Mexico. 

Xodar,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Jodar. 

Xorclla  Islands,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Xdlla. 

Xorqucra,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  JoityuEUA. 

Xoruilo,  or  Xurnllo,  Mexico.    See  Jodullo. 

Xuandai,  shoo-/Vn-di',  a  fine  harbor  of  Anam,  Farther 
India,  jirovince  and  20  miles  N.E.  of  Phu-Yen,  on  th« 
Cochin-Chinese  coast.     Lat.  13°  22'  N. 

Xubera,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Jubera. 

Xubrique  la  Nucva.    See  JuuuiguE  la  Noeva. 

Xucar,  a  river  of  Spain.    See  Jucar. 

Xucaray,  noo-kl-ri',  a  river  of  South  America,  in 
Ecuador,  tributary  to  the  Amazon. 

Xuchitan,  a  town  of  Mexico.    See  JucniTAV. 

Xulla,  zool'li  (Zulla,  zool'Ii.or  Zorel'la)  Islands, 
a  group  in  the  Malay  Archipelago,  70  miles  E.  of  Celebes, 
and  comprising  Taliabo,  Mangola,  and  Easi,  which  last  is 
about  35  miles  in  length. 

Xumilla,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Jumilla. 

Xutay,  a  river  of  South  America.    See  Jutay. 

Xynara,  xin'i-ri  (?),  a  village  of  the  island  of  Tino, 
Grecian  Archipelago.  It  has  a  Roman  Catholic  seminary, 
and  is  the  residence  of  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop. 


Y. 


Y,  ce,  or  Ij,  co  (Dutch,  Het  'y),  a  branch  of  the  Zuyder 
Zee,  Netherlands,  formerly  extending  inland  16  miles  AV. 
to  lieverwyk  ;  average  breadth,  2  miles.  On  its  S.  side  is 
the  city  of  Amsterdam.  The  greater  part  of  the  Y  has 
been  drained  in  connection  with  the  construction  of  the 
8hij)-canal  to  Amsterdam. 

Yablonev,  labloner,  or  Jablonev,  yl-blo-nSv', 
a  market-town  of  Russia,  government  of  Poltava,  on  the 
Orzhitza,  20  miles  W.S.W.  of  Loobny.     Pop.  1000. 

Vablonoi,  lablonoi,  or  Jablonoi  (yi-blo-noi') 
Mountains,  a  chain  in  East  Asia,  forming  a  part  of  the 
boundary-lino  between  Siberia  and  Manchooria,  continuous 
E.  with  the  Stanovoi  Mountains  (which  see). 

Yachil-Irmak  (or  -Erniak).    See  Y'EsniL-InwAK. 

Yacova,  lacova,  or  Jakova,  yi-ko'vi,  a  town  of 
Albania,  67  miles  E.N.E.  of  Scutari,  on  the  AVhito  Drin. 

Yadiki,  a  town  of  India,  Bellary  district.     Pop.  7.202. 

Yad'kin,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  part  of  North  Carolina, 
has  an  area  of  about  375  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  N.  and  E.  by  the  Y'adkin  River,  and  is  also  drained  by 
Deep  Creek.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  nearly  half  of  it  is 
covered  with  forests.    The  soil  is  partly  fertile.     Indian 


corn,  oats,  tobacco,  and  pork  are  the  stiiple  products.  Cap- 
ital, Y'adkinville.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate, 
$1,931,606.  Pop.  in  1870,  10,697,  of  whom  10,695  were 
Americans ;  in  1880,  12,420. 

Yadkin,  a  township  of  Stokes  co.,  N.C.    Pop.  1758. 

Yadkin  College,  a  post-village  of  Davidson  co.,  N.C, 

9  miles  N.W.  of  Lexington.  It  has  a  church,  a  saw-mill, 
and  a  steam  cotton-gin.  Here  is  Y'adkin  College,  which 
was  chartered  in  1861. 

Yadkin  River,  North  Carolina,  rises  in  the  Blue 
Ridge,  in  Caldwell  co.,  and  runs  nearly  eastward  through 
Wilkes  CO.  Its  general  direction  is  S.S.E.  It  forms  the 
boundary  between  thecos.  of  Y'adkin,  Davie,  Rowan,  Stanley, 
and  Anson  on  the  right,  and  Forsyth,  Davidson,  Montgomery, 
and  Richmond  on  the  left.    It  enters  South  Carolina  .about 

10  miles  above  Cheraw,  below  which  place  it  is  called  the 
Pedee  River  (which  see).  The  length  of  the  Yadkin 
from  its  source  to  the  boundary  of  South  Carolina  is  esti- 
mated at  300  miles.  Its  navigation  is  obstructed  by  rocky 
rapids.  Near  the  mouth  of  the  Uharie  it  passes  through  • 
narrow  and  picturesque  gorge. 

Yadkin  Valley,  a  post-oflBce  of  Davidson  co.,  N.C. 


YAD 


28G7 


YAL 


Yad'kinville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Yadkin  co., 
N.C.,  in  Liberty  township,  about  70  miles  N.  of  Charlotte. 
Pop.  ]:!3. 

Yndriii,  ladrin,  or  Jadrin,  y^-dreen',  a  town  of 
Ilussia.  government  and  1 10  miles  AV.  of  Kazan.     P.  2365. 

Yafa,  or  YatTa,  a  village  of  Palestine.    See  Jaffa. 

Yagotiii,  lagotin,  or  Jagotiii,  yi-go-toen',  a  town 
of  Russia,  government  and  13S  miles  W.N.W.  of  Poltava. 

\''agua,  yi'gwi,  a  village  of  the  United  States  of  Co- 
lombia, Cunilinaniarca,  province  and  70  uiilcs  S.  of  Noyva. 

Yaguache,  yi-gwi'chi,  a  village  of  Ecuador,  depart- 
ment and  18  miles  N.E.  of  (ruayaquil. 

Yaguaiiiqiic,  yi-gwi-nco'ki,  a  port  of  Cuba,  on  its 
N.  coast,  40  miles  N.E.  of  Baracoa. 

Yagiiaron,  yi-gwl-ron',  a  river  of  Uruguay,  forming 
part  of  the  N.E,  boundary,  flows  S.E.,  and  falls  into  Lake 
Miiim. 

Yagiii,  a  river  of  Mexico.     See  Yaqui. 

Yaliutat  Bay,  Alaska.    See  ]Jeiihino  Bat. 

Yaik,  a  river  of  Ilussia.    See  Ural. 

Yainax,  yi'nax,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co.,  Oregon,  2  miles 
S.  of  Sprague  River. 

Yainur,  yl-niir',  a  town  of  British  India,  in  Madras, 
22  miles  N.E.  of  Mangalore. 

Yakima,  yak'e-ma,  a  county  in  the  central  part  of 
Washington.  Area,  about  57t>0  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  the  W.  by  the  Cascade  Range  of  mountains.  It  is 
drained  by  the  Yakima  River,  an  affluent  of  the  Columbia, 
and  by  the  Pisco  and  Naches  Rivers.  Tiie  surface  is  ))artly 
covered  with  forests  of  fir,  <fec.  Wheat,  wool,  cattle,  and  oats 
are  the  staple  products.  Rocks  of  volcanic  origin  umloilie 
parts  of  this  county,  which  is  traversed  by  the  Northern 
Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  North  Yakima.  Pop.  in  1870, 
432;  in  1880,  2811;  in  1890,  4429. 

Yakima,  a  post- village  of  Yakima  co.,  Washington,  is 
on  the  Yakima  River,  about  90  uiilcs  N.N.E.  of  The  Dalles, 
Oregon,  and  4  miles  S.E.  of  North  Yakima.  It  has  2 
churches,  a  college,  and  a  newspaper  ofiice. 

Yakima  River,  Washington,  rises  in  the  Cascade 
Range,  near  the  Snoquahnie  Pass,  and  runs  southeastward 
and  southward.  Below  the  mouth  of  the  Pisco  River  it 
flows  eastward,  and  enters  the  Columbia  River  about  10 
miles  above  the  mouth  of  the  Snake.  It  is  about  250  miles 
long,  and  traverses  a  country  of  volcanic  origin. 

Yako'ba,  a  city  of  Africa,  capital  of  a  southern  prov- 
ince of  Saccatoo,  200  miles  E.N.E.  of  Egga.  It  has  a  great 
trade  and  active  manufactures  of  cottons.     Pop.  150,000. 

Yakoono  Scema,  or  Yakouno  Sima,  yl-koo'no 
see'mi,  written  also  Jakiino  Sima,  an  island  of  Japan, 
40  miles  S.  of  Kioo-Sioo.  Lat.  30°  23'  N. ;  Ion.  130°  30'  E. 
Length,  20  miles;  breadth,  8  miles.  The  surface  is  level 
and  wooded. 

Yakootsk,  Yakoutsk,  lakoutsk,  Yakutsk,  or 
Jakutsk,  yi'kootsk',  a  vast  province  of  Siberia,  occu- 
pying most  of  its  E.  half  from  lat.  54°  N.,  and  between 
Ion.  105°  and  164°  E.,  having  W.  the  government  of  Yeni- 
seisk, S.  Irkootsk,  and  the  Yablonoi  Mountains  separating 
it  from  Manchooria,  E.  the  maritime  provinces  and  the 
Chookcheo  country,  and  N.  tho  Arctic  Ocean,  in  which  it 
comprises  the  islands  of  Kotolnoi  and  New  Siberia.  Area, 
1,517,063  SQuaro  miles.  Pop.  231,977.  The  surface  is  moun- 
tainous in  the  S.,  and  watered  by  the  Upper  Lena  and  its 
affluents  the  Aldan  and  Vitim,  which  latter  forms  tho  fron- 
tier on  tho  side  of  Irkootsk.  In  the  N.  it  is  an  immense 
level,  traversed  by  tho  Lena,  Yana,  Indighirka,  and  Kolyma 
Rivers.  In  some  parts  rye,  barley,  and  small  quantities  of 
other  grains  are  raised,  and  large  herds  of  cattle  are  reared 
near  Yakootsk  ;  but  in  most  of  its  extent  this  province  is  a 
bare  desert,  tho  soil  of  which  is  frozen  to  a  great  depth. 
Next  to  cattle  and  game,  salmon  and  other  fish,  iron,  salt, 
and  talc  are  tho  chief  products.  Coal  is  stated  to  exist  in 
some  places  on  tho  Upper  Lena.  Principal  trade,  furs  and 
walrus-teeth.  After  Yakootsk,  the  capital,  tho  principal 
villages  are  Amginsk,  Olekminsk,  and  Oost  Viliooisk. 

Yakootsk,  Yakoutsk,  Yakutsk,  or  Jakutsk,  a 
town  and  tho  great  commercial  emporium  of  East  Siberia, 
capital  of  the  above  province,  on  the  Lena.  Lat.  62°  N. ; 
Ion.  129°  44'  E.  Mean  annual  temperature,  13.5°  Fahr.; 
winter,  36.3°;  summer,  61.7°.  Pop.  4S30,  half  of  whom  are 
Russians,  and  tho  rest  native  Yakoots  and  others.  It  stands 
on  a  plain  surrounded  by  lofty  heights,  and  consists  of 
about  400  houses  of  European  structure,  standing  apart, 
while  tho  intervening  spaces  are  occupied  by  winter  yo<>r/«, 
or  huts  of  tho  northern  nomades,  with  earthen  roofs,  dooi-s 
eovored  with  hairy  hides,  and  windows  of  ice.  The  princi- 
pal buildings  are  a  large  stone  cathedral,  7  churches,  a  stone 
market-place,  a  monastery,  a  hospital,  and  a  fort.    The 


trade  is  of  groat  importance.  Caravans  with  Chinese  and 
European  goods  brought  from  Irkootsk  by  tho  boats  on  the 
Lena  proceed  every  year  over  tho  mountains  to  Okhotsk, 
and  also  collect  the  produce  of  the  whole  lino  of  coast  on 
the  Polar  Sea  between  tho  parallels  of  70°  and  74°,  from 
the  month  of  the  Lena  to  the  farthest  point  inhabited  by 
the  Chookcheos.  Among  the  principal  articles  of  this  lattci 
trade  are  the  skins  of  tho  polar  fox.  Another  important 
article  is  fossil  ivory,  obtained  from  the  antediluvian  ani- 
mals found  buried  in  the  deep  alluvium  of  the  Lena  and  ita 
tributaries  and  along  the  shores  of  the  Arctic  Ocean. 

Yalabusha,  or  Yalobusha,  yara-boo'sha,  a  county 
in  tho  N.  part  of  Mississippi,  has  an  area  of  about  470 
square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  Loosascoona  Creek  and 
\ockeney  River.  Tho  surface  is  nearly  level,  and  a  largo 
part  of  it  is  covered  with  forests  of  beech,  cypress,  elm, 
hickory,  magnolia,  white  oak,  tulip-tree,  Ac.  The  soil  is 
very  fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  and  pork  are  tho  staple 
products.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  New  Orleans, 
St.  Louis  A  Chicago  Railroad  and  tho  Mississijipi  A,  Ten- 
nessee Railroad.  Capital,  Coff'eeville.  Valuation  of  real 
and  personal  estate,  $4,133,707.  Pop.  in  1870,  1.3,254,  of 
whom  12,887  were  Americans;  in  1880,  15,649. 

Yalabusha  (or  Yailobuslia)  Uivcr,  MississipjM, 
rises  in  Chickasaw  co.,  runs  in  a  W.S.W.  direction  through 
the  cos.  of  Calhoun  and  Grenada,  and  unites  with  the  Tal- 
lahatchee  River  in  Leflore  co.  'The  stream  formed  by  thii 
confluence  is  the  Yazoo  River. 

Yal'colb,  a  post-office  of  Clarke  co.,  Washington. 

Yalding,  yawl'ding,  a  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Kent, 
on  the  Medway,  and  on  a  branch  of  the  Southeastern  Rail- 
way, 5i  miles  S.W.  of  Maidstone. 

Yale,  a  post-village  in  Granville  township,  Jasper  co., 
111.,  about  32  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mattoon.     It  has  2  churches. 

Yale,  a  post-office  of  Ottawa  co.,  Kansas,  about  32  miloa 
N.N.W.  of  Abilene. 

Yale,  a  town  of  British  Columbia,  on  Fr.aser  River,  90 
miles  above  New  Westminster. 

Yale  College.    See  New  IIavk.v. 

Y'^ale  Sem'inary,  a  post-hamlet  of  Henderson  co., 
Tex.,  5  miles  from  Goshen.  Hero  is  a  school,  named  Yale 
Seminary. 

Yalesville,  yalz'vll,  a  post-village  in  Wallingford 
township.  New  Haven  co.,  Conn.,  on  tho  Quinepiac  River, 
and  on  the  Hartford  &  New  Haven  Railroad,  15  wiles  N.  by 
E.  of  New  Haven.  It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school, 
and  several  factories. 

Yalctown,  yal'town,  a  village  in  Maskinonge  co., 
Quebec,  30  miles  from  Three  Rivers.  It  contains  a  large 
tannery,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  125. 

Yaleville,  yal'vil,  a  hamlet  of  St.  Lawrence  co.,  N.Y., 
5  miles  from  Potsdam. 

Yali,  yi'leo  (anc.  latroaf),  a  small  island  off"  the  S.E. 
coast  of  Asia  Minor,  at  the  entrance  of  the  Gulf  of  Cos,  7 
miles  S.  of  Cos. 

Yallaha,  yJl-ll'hJ,  or  Yalaha,  a  post-villago  of 
Sumter  co.,  Fla.,  on  the  iS.  shore  of  Lake  Harris,  about  75 
miles  S.  of  Palatka.  It  has  a  church,  and  is  surrounded 
by  large  groves  of  oranges,  lemons,  bananas,  and  guavas, 
the  products  of  which  are  shipped  here. 

Yalo,  yd'lo,  a  village  of  Palestine,  on  a  hill,  12  miles 
N.W.  of  Jerusalem,  and  supposed  by  Robinson  to  occupy 
the  site  of  the  ancient  AJnlun. 

Ya-Long-Kiang,  yi-long-ko-lng',  a  river  of  East 
Thibet  and  the  Chinese  province  of  So-Chuen,  after  a 
generally  S.  course  of  600  miles,  joins  the  Yang-tso- 
Kiang  near  lat.  26°  35'  N.,  Ion.  102°  E. 

Ya-Long-Kiaug,  a  river  of  Coroa,  flows  W.,  and 
enters  the  Yellow  Sea.     Course,  130  miles. 

Ya-Loo-Kiaug,  or  Y'^a-Lou-Kiang,  yft-loo-ko- 
Ing',  a  river  of  the  Chinese  Empire,  flows  S.W.,  separating 
Corea  from  tho  province  of  Leao-Tong,  and  enters  the  Yel- 
low Sea  after  a  course  estimated  at  300  miles. 

Y'^alootrovosk,  laloutrovosk,  or  Jalutrowosk, 
yi-loo-tro-vosk',  written  also  laloutorovsk,  Jaluto> 
rowsk,  and  Jalutorovsk,  a  town  of  Siberia,  govern- 
ment and  120  miles  S.S.W.  of  Tobolsk,  at  tho  junction  of 
tho  Isct  and  Tobol  Rivers.     Pop.  3936. 

Yulpookh,  lalpoukh,  or  Jalpuch,  y&I-pooK',  a 
river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  government  of  Bessarabia, 
flows  S.,  and,  after  a  course  of  80  miles,  expands  into  a 
lake  of  the  same  name.     Principal  affluent,  the  Lunge. 

Yalpookh,  lalpoukh,  or  Jalpuch,  a  lake  of  Rus- 
sia, formed  by  the  expansion  of  tho  above  river,  in  the  S. 
of  Bessarabia,  about  36  miles  long  by  6  miles  broad,  and 
communicating  with  tho  Danube  by  several  mouths. 

Yalta,  lalta,  or  Jalta,  yil'ti,  a  small  seaport  tovn 


YAL 


2868 


YAN 


of  the  Crhnca,  South  Russia,  prorinco  of  Taurida,  82  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Sevastopol.  It  was  largo  and  prosperous  until 
destroyed  by  an  earthquake  in  the  tiftccnth  century.  The 
no\r  town,  rebuilt  on  the  ruins,  has  a  custom-house,  a  good 
harbor,  and  a  small  quay.  It  is  a  chief  station  for  the 
Odessa  steamers.     Pop.  1 369. 

Ynltn,  Inlta,  or  Jaltn,  a  town  of  Russia,  in  Yeka- 
terinoslav,  on  the  N.  side  of  the  Sea  of  Azof. 

Ynmn^  lainn,  or  Jnma,  yi'inil,  a  river  of  Siberia, 
rises  in  the  E.  side  of  the  Stanovoi  Mountains,  government 
of  Okhotek,  flows  E.S.E.,  and  falls  into  the  Oulf  of  Yamsk, 
a  part  of  the  Sea  of  Okhotsk.     Length,  80  miles. 

Ynmncliichc,  }'am*a-chee'che,  a  post-villnge  of  St. 
Maurice  co.,  Quebec,  on  tho  river  Yamachicho,  IBJ  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Three  Rivers.  It  contains  a  church,  a  convent, 
an  acmlemy,  a  woollen-factory,  a  tannery,  saw-  and  grist- 
mills, and  about  a  dozen  stores.     Pop.  1300. 

Yniiiaska«  y(l-mJ.s'k&,  a  central  county  of  Quebec, 
drained  by  tho  Nicolct,  St.  Francis,  and  Vamaska  Rivers. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  N.W.  by  Lake  St.  Peter.  Capital,  St. 
Francois  du  Lac.     Pop.  16,317. 

Yamaska,  a  post-village  in  Yamaska  co.,  Quebec,  on 
the  river  Yamaska,  31  miles  N.  of  St.  Hyacintho.  It  con- 
tains 4  stores  and  several  mills.     Pop.  800. 

Yamaska  River,  Quebec,  takes  its  rise  in  Brome 
Lake,  Drome  co.,  flows  through  a  fertile  country,  and  falls 
into  Lake  St.  Peter. 

Yainbiri,  a  river  of  Peru.    See  Paucartaubo. 

\''anibo,  a  port  of  Arabia.     See  Yembo. 

Y'ainboli,  lamboli,  or  Jamboli,  yjlm'bo-le,  a  town 
of  Europe,  in  Eastern  Roumelia,  66  miles  N.  of  Adrianople, 
on  the  Toonja.  It  has  several  mosques,  and  manufactures 
of  woollen  cloths.     A  railway  connects  it  with  Tirnova. 

Yamboorg,  lainbourg,  or  Jamburg,  y^m'bSdRO, 
a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  68  miles  S.W.  of  St. 
Petersburg,  on  the  Looga.     Pop.  2490. 

Yamdoii'cho,  a  lake  of  India,  in  Brahmapootra. 
Lat.  90°  30'  E.     Elevation,  13,500  feet  above  the  sea. 

Yam  Hill ,  a  small  river  of  Oregon,  runs  northeastward 
through  Yam  Hill  co.,  and  enters  the  Willamette  River. 

Yam  Hill,  a  county  in  tho  N.W.  part  of  Oregon,  has 
an  area  of  about  700  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the 
E.  by  the  Willamette  River,  and  drained  by  tho  Yam  Hill 
River.  Tho  Coast  Range  of  mountains  extends  along  the 
W.  border  of  the  county.  Tho  surface  is  extensively  cov- 
ered with  forests  of  fir,  pine,  oak,  and  other  trees.  The 
soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  hay,  wool,  lumber,  and  butter 
are  the  staple  products.  This  county  is  connected  with 
Portland  by  tho  Oregon  Central  Railroad.  Capital,  La- 
fayette. Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $2,500,000. 
Pop.  in  1870,  5012,  of  whom  4798  were  Americans;  in 
1875,  5447;  in  1880,  7945. 

Yamiiia,  y9,-mee'ni  or  j'1'me-ni,  a  town  of  Africa, 
state  of  Bambarra,  on  the  Niger  River.  Lat.  12°  40'  N. ; 
Ion.  6°  50'  W.  It  is  the  second  town  of  the  state  in  im- 
portance. 

Yam'mie,  or  Yam'my,  a  town  of  Central  Africa, 
in  Ashantee,  70  miles  N.W.  of  Coomassie. 

Yam'pah  (or  Bear)  River,  Colorado,  rises  in  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  runs  westward  in  Grand  co,,  and  enters 
the  Green  River  about  Ion.  109°  W.,  near  the  boundary 
between  Colorado  and  Utah.     Length,  about  200  miles. 

Yamparaes,  yim-pi-r.\'4s,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  depart- 
ment and  20  miles  N.W.  of  Chuquisaca,  on  an  affluent  of 
the  Pilcomayo. 

Yampol,  lampol,  or  Jampol,  ylm'pol,  a  town  of 
Russia,  government  of  Podolia,  75  miles  E.S.E.  of  Kamic- 
niec,  on  the  Dniester.     Pop.  4.'?05. 

Yamsk,  lamsk,  or  Jamsk,  yimsk,  a  maritime  town 
of  East  Siberia,  on  the  Gulf  of  Yamsk,  an  inlet  of  the  Gulf 
of  Jijiginsk,  380  miles  E.  of  Okhotsk. 

Y'amuna,  an  ancient  name  of  tho  Jumna. 

Y'ana,  lana,  or  Jana,  yl'ni,  a  river  of  Siberia,  which 
rises  in  the  government  of  Yakootsk,  on  tho  N.  slope  of  tho 
Tukalan  Mountains,  near  lat.  65°  N.,  and,  after  a  course 
of  nearly  600  miles,  falls  by  several  mouths  into  tho  Arctic 
Ocean,  in  lat.  72°  N.,  Ion.  137°  E.  Its  princip.il  affluents 
aro  the  Adiga,  Dulgalak,  Shemanova,  and  Bootaktai. 

Yanaoii,  yi^ni*6x"',  a  village  and  one  of  the  French 
colonial  possessions  in  India,  on  its  E.  or  Coromandel  coast, 
at  the  delta  of  the  Godavery  River,  and  accessible  from  the 
sea  by  vessels  of  200  tons'  burden,  22  miles  N.N.E.  of  Pon- 
dicherry.  Its  district,  extending  for  6  miles  along  the 
Godavery,  has  an  area  of  8147  acres,  about  half  being  under 
cultivation.     Pop.  6756. 

Yanbo,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  Yembo. 

Yancey,  y&n'so,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  North 


Carolina,  bordering  on  Tennessee,  has  an  area  of  about  350 
square  miles.  It  is  drained  by  the  Nolachucky  and  Cane 
Rivers,  and  is  boumled  on  the  S.E.  by  the  liluo  lUdge. 
The  surface  is  mountainous,  and  mostly  covered  with  for- 
ests of  fir,  8pruoo,and  other  trees.  It  coniprisos  tho  highest 
peaks  of  the  Black  Mountains,  namely,  tho  Black  Dome,  or 
Mitchell's  Peak,  6707  feet  high,  and  Clingninn's  Peak, 
which  is  said  to  rise  6911  feet  above  the  level  of  the  feu! 
These  are  both  in  the  S.  part  of  the  county.  Tho  soil  of 
tho  valleys  is  fertile.  Indian  corn,  wheat,  grass,  iind  pork 
aro  the  staple  products.  Cnj)ital,  Burnsville.  Valuation 
of  real  and  personal  estate,  $861,012.  Pop.  in  1870,  6909, 
of  whom  all  were  Americans;  in  1880,  7694. 

Yancey's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Albemarle  co.,  Va., 
is  at  Hillsborough. 

Ynncey*s  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Person  co.,  N.C., 
20  miles  N.W.  of  Oxford. 

Yanceyvillc,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Caswell  co., 
N.C.,  in  Yanceyville  townshij),  15  miles  S.  of  Danville, 
Va,,  and  about  68  miles  N.W.  of  Raleigh.  It  contains  a 
court-house,  3  churches,  and  a  tobacco-factory.  Pop.  of 
the  township.  2203. 

Yancy  Mills,  a  post-hamlet  of  Phelps  co..  Mo.,  13i 
miles  S.  of  Rolla.     It  has  a  flour-mill. 

YanMabo',  or  Yandabuo,  yinMn-boo',  a  town  of 
Burmah,  on  tho  left  bank  of  tho  Irrawaddy,  60  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Ava.  Hero  the  treaty  of  peace  between  the 
British  and  Burmese  was  ratified,  February  20,  1820. 

Yandoon,  a  town  of  British  Burmah.    See  Ykwndoux. 

Yangain-Chain-Ya,  ying-ghtn'-chin-yi,  a  town 
of  Pegu,  on  tho  Irrawaddy,  45  miles  N.AV.  of  Rangoon. 

Yang-Chow,  China.     See  CnAXO-Cnoo-Foo. 

Yangcro,  a  town  and  country  of  Africa.    See  JAN.ir.no. 

\''ang-IIissnr,  ylng-hls-sar',  a  town  of  Chinese  Toor- 
ki.«tan,  82  miles  N.E.  of  Yarkand. 

Yang-Ho,  ylng^ho',  a  river  of  China,  province  of 
Pc-Chee-Lee,  passes  by  the  city  of  Siu-An-lloa,  and  unites 
with  the  Sang-Kan-Ho,  25  miles  S.E.,  to  form  the  lloen- 
Ho  River,  which  traverses  the  province  S.W.  of  Peking. 

Yang-Ling, or  lang-Ling,  ying-ling',  a  mountain 
of  Chinii,  in  Koci-Choo,     Lat.  26°  34'  N. ;  Ion.  103°  37'  E. 

Yang-Tchoo,  or  Yang-Tchou,  ying'choo',  writ- 
ten also  Yang-Tcheon,  a  city  of  China,  province  of 
Kiang-Soo, capital  of  a  department,  on  tho  Imperial  Canal, 
near  the  Yang-tse-Kiang  River,  and  50  miles  N.E.  of  Nan- 
king. It  is  stated  to  be  5  miles  in  circumference,  and  to 
have  a  large  trade  in  salt.   Near  it  is  an  imperial  rcsiidonce. 

Yang-tse-Kiang,  ylngHsc-kc-Jng',  or  Yang- 
tseu-Kiang  {i.e.,  the  ''  son  of  the  great  water,"  or  tho 
"  son  of  the  sea"),  more  commonly  called  by  the  Chinese 
Ta-Kiang,  ti'ke-Ang',  or  "Great  River,"  and  some- 
times written  on  old  maps  Kiang-Kn  or  Kian-Kii,  a 
large  river  of  China,  its  course  lying  S.  of  that  of  another 
great  river,  the  Iloang-Ho.  It  is  formed  by  the  junction 
of  tho  Ya-Long-Kiang  and  Kin-Sha-Kiang  Rivers,  which 
have  their  sources  in  East  Thibet,  near  those  of  tlie  Me- 
Kong  and  Irrawaddy,  and  which  unite  on  the  boundary 
between  the  provinces  of  Se-Chuen  and  Yun-Nan,  near 
lat.  26°  30'  N.,  Ion.  102°  E.  Thenceforth  tlie  Yang-tse- 
Kiang  has  a  very  tortuous  E.N.E. course  through  the  prov- 
inces of  Se-Chuen,  lloo-Pe,  Ngan-IIoei,  and  Kiang-Soo, 
and  it  joins  tho  sea  by  an  estuary  30  miles  across,  in  lat. 
32°  N.,  Ion.  121°  E.  Total  course  estimated  at  from  2500 
to  3000  miles.  Its  principal  branch,  the  KinSiia-Kiano 
(or  KlN-CiiA-KiANG,  keen-shi-ke-ing',  i.e.,  tho  "river  of 
golden  sands"),  is  estimated  to  have  a  length  of  nearly  1000 
miles.  The  Yang-tse-Kiang  receives  numerous  largo  afflu- 
ents, drains  all  the  central  provinces  of  China,  and  brings 
down  great  quantities  of  mud,  which  has  formed  several  low 
islands  at  its  mouth.  It  is  crossed  by  the  Imperial  Canal, 
by  which  it  communicates  with  the  Hoang-llo  River  and 
with  most  parts  of  China  proper.  The  tide  ascends  it  to 
Lake  Po-Yang,  450  miles  from  the  sea,  beyond  which 
it  is  navigable  for  250  miles,  and  it  may  be  navigated  to 
200  miles  from  its  mouth  by  ships  of  the  largest  class.  Coal 
is  s.iid  to  be  plentiful  in  many  places  along  its  banks. 

Yani,  y.\'nee,  or  Nyani,  ne-.\'neo,  a  state  of  West 
Africa,  in  Senegambia,  on  the  N.  bank  of  the  Gambia  River, 
between  lat.  13°  and  14°  N.  and  Ion.  14°  and  15°  \\.  Tho 
principal  towns  are  Pisania,  Yannemaroo,  Kartabar,  and 
Kontana. 

\''anik,  yi'neck',  a  fertile  district  of  Asia  Minor,  pa- 
shalic  of  Trebizond,  immediately  around  Samsoon.  Leecnel 
aro  exported  from  it  to  Europe  in  large  quantities. 

Yanina,  lanina,  or  Jannina,  y4n'ne-ni  (improp- 
erly Joannina ;  probably  the  ancient  Eitriea),  a  city  of' 
European  Turkey,  capital  of  the  vilayet  of  Yanina,  on  th«* 


' 


TAN 


2869 


YAR 


W.  side  of  tho  Lako  of  Ynnina,  44  miles  N.  of  Arta.  Lat. 
39°  48'  N. ;  Ion.  21°  E.  Pop.  estimated  at  30,000,  of  whom 
20,000  are  GrceliS  and  from  6000  to  7000  Jews.  It  was 
much  more  populous  before  1820,  when  it  was  burnt  down 
by  order  of  All  Pa.sha.  The  town,  on  a  peninsula  stretching 
into  the  lake,  is  meanly  built.  Its  principal  edifice  is  the 
fortress,  containing  the  palace  of  tho  pasha.  Yanina  is 
the  residence  of  the  head  collector  of  customs  for  Yanina, 
and  of  foreign  consuls.  It  had  formerly  a  large  trade  with 
Albania,  lloumclia,  Ac,  and  an  important  annual  fair, 
to  which  Italian  produce  and  French  and  German  manu- 
factures were  brought;  but  its  commereo  has  greatly  de- 
clined. The  Lake  of  Yanina  is  5  miles  in  length  by  3  miles 
in  greatest  breadth.  Opposite  the  city  is  a  small  island, 
to  which  Ali  Pasha  retired  from  the  sultan's  troops  bofoi-o 
being  put  to  death  in  February,  1822. 

Yanina^  a  vilayet  of  European  Turkey,  in  the  S.  part 
of  Albania,  bordering  on  Greece,  extending  from  tho  Adri- 
atic to  tho  iEgcan  Sea.  Area,  13,861  square  miles.  Pop. 
711,250.  Surface  mountainous,  the  range  of  tlio  Pindus 
dividing  it  into  tho  ])rovincc3  of  Epirus  and  Thessaly. 
Flocks  of  goats  and  sheep  constitute  one  of  tho  chief 
eources  of  wealth.  Olives  and  tobacco  are  grown,  and 
Trine  is  produced.  The  commerce  of  the  country,  which 
was  formerly  considerable,  is  rapidly  declining.  Principal 
towns,  Janina  (the  capital),  Larissa,  Arta,  Trikhala,  Argyro- 
Castro,  and  Aviona. 

Yauitza,  a  town  of  Turkey,  in  Macedonia,  30  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Salonica.     Pop.  6000. 

Yank'ee,  a  post-office  of  Clay  cc,  Iowa. 

Yankee  Hill,  a  post-hamlet  of  Butte  co.,Cal.,  18  miles 
N.  of  Orovillc.     Gold  is  mined  hero. 

Yankee  Hollow,  a  post-office  of  Jo  Daviess  co.,  111., 
about  24  miles  W.  of  Ereeport. 

Y'ankee  Jim's,  a  post-hamlet  of  Placer  oo.,  Cal.,  22 
miles  N.E.  of  Auburn. 

Yankee  Ridge,  a  post-office  of  Harrison  co..  Mo. 

Yankee  Kidgc,  Ohio.    See  Tiverton  Ce.xtre. 

Yankee  fipring,  a  post-township  of  Barry  co.,  Mich., 
about  25  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Grand  Rapids.     Pop.  833. 

Yankee  Town,  a  post-village  of  Warrick  co.,  Ind., 
10  miles  S.  of  Boonevillo.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  graded 
school.     Pop.  150. 

Yankee  Town,  a  village  of  White  co.,Tenn.,30  miles 
from  McAIinnville.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a 
saw-mill.     Here  is  Spring  Mills  Post-Officc. 

Yankee  Town,  a  post-office  of  Crawford  co.,  Wis. 

Yauk'ton,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Soutn  Dakota, 
borders  on  Nebraska.  Area,  about  515  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  Missouri  Kiver,  and  intersected 
by  the  Dakota  or  James  lUver.  Tho  surface  is  diversified 
with  undulating  prairies  and  groves.  The  soil  is  fertile. 
Wheat,  Indian  corn,  oats,  hay,  and  wool  are  the  staple 
products.  This  county  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago,  Milwau- 
kee &  St.  Paul  Kailroad  and  the  Chicago  &  Northwestern 
Railroad,  which  connect  at  Yankton,  the  capital.  Pop.  in 
1870,  20U7;  in  1880,  8390;  in  1890,  10,444. 

Yankton,  acity  of  South  Dakota,  and  prior  to  1883  the 
capital  of  Dakota  Territory,  is  situated  on  tho  N.  (left)  bank 
of  the  Missouri  River,  and  on  the  Dakota  Southern  Rail- 
road, 61  miles  W.N.W.  of  Sioux  City,  and  140  miles  in  a 
direct  line  N.N.W.  of  Omaha.  It  is  nearly  200  miles  by 
water  above  Omaha.  Elevation  above  tho  level  of  tho  sea, 
about  1200  feet.  Lat.  42°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  96°  44'  W.  The  site 
is  a  level  plateau,  enclosed  on  several  sides  by  a  semicircle 
of  bluffs.  It  contains  a  court-house,  a  high  school,  a  jail, 
4  hotels,  a  national  bank,  2  other  banking-houses,  about  7 
churches,  and  printing-offices  which  issue  3  weekly  news- 
papers. It  has  also  a  flour-mill,  a  steam  saw-mill,  2  brew- 
eries, machine-shops  of  the  railroad,  and  several  grain- 
elevators.  Steamboats  ply  regularly  (except  in  winter) 
between  Yankton  and  other  ports,  and  ascend  the  river  as 
far  as  Fort  Benton.     Pop.  in  1880,  3J31 ;  in  1890,  3670. 

Yankton  Reservation,  Charles  Mix  co.,  S.D.,  is  on 
tho  Missouri  River,  05  miloS  above  Yankton.  Here  is  a 
tract  of  land  reserved  for  the  Yankton  Siou.\  Indians. 

Yannemaroo,  Yannemarou,  or  \''annemaru, 
yin*n§-mi-roo',  a  town  of  Senegambia,  West  Africa,  state 
of  Yani,  110  miles  E.  of  Bathurst,  near  tho  river  Gambia. 
Lat.  13°45'  N.;  Ion.  15°  W. 

Y'anooshpol,  or  Yanouchpol,  yi-noosh-pol',  writ- 
ten also  lanouchpol,  lanutzpol,  and  Janntzpol, 
a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Volhynia,  district  and  36 
miles  S.  of  Zhitomeer.     Pop.  about  15U0. 

Yanopol,  lanopoi,  or  Janopol,  y&-no'po1,  a  town 
of  Russian  Poland,  government  of  Vilna,  148  miles  N.E. 
•f  Vilna.     Pop.  1500. 


Yanov,  lanov,  JanoAV,  or  Janov,  y&'nov,  several 
market-towns  of  Russia,  the  principal  in  tho  government 
of  Podolia,  on  tho  Bug,  14  milos  N.E.  of  Lityn. 

Yan-Phing,  or  Yen-Ping,  a  city  of  China,  prov- 
ince of  Fo-Kien,  ca])it'il  of  a  department,  on  the  Min 
River,  90  milos  N.W.  of  Foo-Choo,  and  stated  to  bo  one  of 
the  handsomest  cities  in  the  em))ire. 

Yan-Tchoo,  or  Yan-Tchon,  yAn'choo',  a  city  of 
China,  province  of  Shan-Toong,  capital  of  a  department, 
75  miles  S.  of  Tsee-Nnn. 

Yan-Tchoo,  or  Yan-Tchou,  a  city  of  China,  prov- 
ince of  Che-Kiang,  capital  of  a  department,  on  the  Tsien- 
Tang-Kiang  River,  115  miles  S.W.  of  Ning-Po. 

Yantelcs,  yin-ti'l4s,  a  mountain-peak  of  the  Andes, 
in  Patagonia.    Lat.  43°  30'  S.     Height,  8030  feet. 

Yan'tic,  a  post-village  of  New  London  co.,  Conn.,  in 
Norwich  township,  on  the  Yontic  River  and  the  Now  Lon- 
don Northern  Railroad,  3  miles  N.W.  of  Norwich.  It  has 
an  Episcopal  chapel  and  a  manufactory  of  flannel.    P.  376. 

Yantic  River,  New  London  co.,  Conn.,  runs  nearly 
southeastward,  and  unites  with  the  Shetucket  at  Norwich 
to  form  the  Thames  River. 

Yant'ley  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Choctaw  co.,  Ala. 

Yao-Nan,  yl^o-nln',  acity  of  China,  province  of  Yun- 
Nan,  capital  of  a  department,  95  miles  W.N.W.  of  Yun- 
Nan.  It  is  stated  to  have  a  largo  trade  in  musk,  and  in 
salt  produced  from  a  lake  in  its  vicinity. 

Y'aooree,  Yaouri,  or  Yauri,  yi'oo-reo  or  ySw'rco, 
a  large  town  of  Central  Africa,  capital  of  a  state,  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  Quorra  (Niger),  65  miles  N.  of  Boossa.  It 
is  enclosed  by  a  high  and  strong  clay  wall,  and  entered  by 
8  gates.  Its  inhabitants  manufacture  coarse  gunpowder, 
saddlery,  and  clothing,  raise  indigo  and  tobacco,  and  rear 
large  herds  of  live-stock.  The  state  of  Yaooreo  is  reported 
to  be  extensive  and  flourishing. 

Yao-Tchoo,  or  Yao-Tchon,  yl^o-choo',  a  city  of 
China,  province  of  Kiang-See,  capital  of  a  department,  on 
a  river,  near  its  mouth  in  Lake  Po-Yang. 

Yap,  yJp,  Ouap,  w4p,  or  Gouap,  gwip,  one  of  the 
Caroline  Islands,  Pacific  Oce.an,  its  S.  extremity  in  lat.  S>° 
25'  N.,  Ion.  138°  1'  E.     Length,  9  miles.     Pop.  2000. 

Yaphank,  ySp'iink  or  yap-ank',  a  post-villago  of  Suf- 
folk CO.,  N.Y.,  in  Brookhaven  township,  on  the  Connectiquot 
River  and  the  Long  Island  Railroad,  15  miles  W.S.W.  of 
Riverhead.  It  has  3  churches,  2  grist-mills,  2  stores,  and 
the  county  almshouse. 

Yap'par,  a  river  of  Queensland,  Australia,  flowing  into 
the  S.E.  angle  of  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  in  Ion.  140°  4ft' 
E.     W.  of  it  is  a  tract  of  undulating  and  hilly  forest-land. 

Yapura,  a  river  of  South  America.     See  Japura. 

Yaquc,  yi'kd,  or  Yaqiii,  yd-kee',  a  mountain-peak 
and  two  rivers  of  Hayti.  The  mountain  belongs  to  the 
Cibao  chain,  in  tho  centre  of  the  island.  The  Grand  Yaque 
River  flows  from  it  N.W.  through  the  plain  of  Santiago, 
and  enters  the  bays  of  Monte  Christf/  and  Manznnilla  by 
several  mouths,  after  a  total  course  of  100  miles.  The  other 
Yaque  River  flows  S.  and  joins  the  Ncy va. 

Yaqui,  yA-kee',  or  liuaqni,  hwi-keo',  a  river  of 
Mexico,  state  of  Sonora,  rises  N.  of  lat.  32°  N.,  flows  S. 
andS.W.,  and  enters  the  Gulf  of  California  25  miles  S.E. 
of  Gu.iymas,  after  a  courso  of  400  miles. 

Yaqnima  (or  Yakima)  River.    See  Yakima. 

Yaqui'na,  a  small  river  of  Benton  co.,  Oregon,  runs 
N.W.  and  W.,  and  enters  the  Pacific  Ocean  at  Newjwrt. 

Y'ar,  a  river  of  England,  in  the  Isle  of  Wight,  enters 
the  Solent  at  Yarmouth,  after  a  short  N.  course. 

Yaracuy,  yi-ri-kwee',  a  navigable  river  of  Venezuela, 
department  of  Caracas,  after  a  N.W.  course  of  80  mile«v 
enters  tho  Gulf  of  Triste  25  miles  W.  of  Puerto  Cabellow 
At  its  mouth  is  the  village  of  Yaracuy. 

Y''aracuy,  or  Yaracui,  a  state  of  Venezuela,  enclosed 
by  Falcon,  Carabobo,  Cojedes,  and  Barquesimeto.  It  ia 
fertile,  and  rich  in  metals.  Capital,  San  Felipe.  Pop.  in 
1873,  71,689. 

Yara-Dzang-bo-Tsoo.  See  Yaroo-Dzang-bo-Tsoo. 

Yaransk,  Jaransk,  yi-r&nsk',  or  Yarensk,  y4- 
rinsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  110  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Viatka,  on  the  Yaran.  Pop.  2939.  It  is  mostly  built  of 
wood,  and  has  several  churches,  and  a  flourishing  trade  in 
furs,  honey,  wax,  and  hops.     See  also  Yarensk. 

Yarapason,  y.1^r&-p&-sua',  a  village  of  Asia  Minor, 
in  Karamania,  on  the  Kizil-Irmtik,  40  miles  N.W.  of  Mount 
Argaeus,  and  apparently  the  ancient  Osiana. 

Yar'borougK,  a  post-office  of  Grimes  co.,  Tox. 

Yard'ley  Go'bions,  a  h»mlet  of  England,  co.  ot 
Northampton,  3i  miles  N.W.  of  Stony  Stratford.     P.  654. 

Yard'ley-Ua'stingSy  a  village  and  parish  of  Eng- 


YAft 


2870 


YAR 


Inntl,  CO.  Rnd  8  niilea  E.S.E.  of  Northampton.  It  haa  a  very 
ancient  Norman  church,  with  a  square  tower.     Pop.  1188. 

Ynrd'leyvillc,  a  post-vlllago  of  Uuoksoo.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Delaware  Kiver,  and  on  the  Now  York  (Bound  Brook)  di- 
vision of  the  Philadelphia  A  Reading  Railroad  (which 
here  croBsos  the  river),  30  miles  from  Philadelphia,  and 
about  5  uiiios  above  Trenton.  It  has  4  churches,  a  graded 
school,  a  newspaper  office,  2  flour-mills,  Ao. 

Yard'villc,  a  post-village  of  Mercer  co.,  N.J.,  in  Ham- 
ilton township,  on  Doctor's  Creek  and  the  Camden  A  Amboy 
Kailroa<l,  3  miles  N.E.  of  Bordcntown,  and  6  miles  from 
Trenton.  It  has  2  churches,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  tiour- 
inill.     Pop.  about  300. 

Yarc  (ano.  Gnrieni*  f),  &  river  of  England,  co.  of  Nor- 
folk, passes  Norwich,  where  it  becomes  navigable,  and  enters 
the  North  Sea  2i  miles  S.  of  Yarmouth,  after  having  ex- 
panded into  Bredonwater,  which  receives  the  rivers  Bure 
»nd  Waveney. 

Ynrcnga,  larenga,  or  Jnrcngn,  y&-rSn'ga,  a  river 
of  Russia,  rises  in  the  government  of  Vologda,  flows  S.  past 
the  town  of  Yarensk,  and,  after  a  course  of  nearly  i)0  miles, 
joins  the  Vitchegda. 

Ynrunsk,  Inrensk,  Jarcnsk,  yH-r/Snsk',  or  Ya- 
ransk,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  355  miles 
E.N.li.  of  Vologd.a.     Pop.  11G9.     See  also  Yaraxsk. 

Yarkand,  yar^klnd',  or  Yarkiind,  yar'kund',  a  flour- 
ishing city  of  Chinese  Toorkistan,  in  a  fertile  plain,  on 
the  Yarkand  River,  100  miles  S.E,  of  Koshgar,  in  lat.  38° 
19'  N.,  Ion.  76°  7'  45"  E.  It  is  enclosed  by  an  earthen 
rampart,  and  entered  by  5  gates,  outside  of  which  are  some 
very  straggling  suburbs,  and  a  stone  citadel  on  the  S. 
Another  and  much  larger  citadel  within  the  walls  is  now 
all  but  abandoned.  Its  houses  are  built  of  stone  and 
clay,  and  mostly  of  one  story ;  its  streets  are  intersected  by 
canals  and  aqueducts.  It  has  two  large  bazaars,  besides 
inferior  ones,  many  caravansaries  and  mosques,  and  10  or 
12  largo  Mohammedan  colleges.  It  is  said  to  be  more  ex- 
tensive than  Kashgar,  and  is  now  the  chief  emporium  of 
the  trade  between  the  Chinese  Empire  and  the  countries 
beyond  its  W.  frontier.  Silk,  cotton,  linen,  and  woollen 
cloths  are  manufactured.  The  inhabitants  are  chiefly  Turks 
or  Oozbeks,  and  Mohammedans  ;  among  them  are,  however, 
some  Eimauks  or  Persians,  Calmucks,  Armenian  Christians, 
and  about  200  Chinese  traders.  Yarkand  is  a  great  mart 
for  horses,  and  horse-flesh  is  sold  in  its  markets.  Pop. 
about  120,000.  It  was  formerly  the  capital  of  the  Moham- 
medan kingdom  of  Kashgar.  In  1863  a  revolt  broke  out, 
which  resulted  in  the  formation  of  a  Mohammedan  govern- 
ment, which  lasted  till  1878,  with  the  capital  at  Kashgar. 

Yarkand  (or  Yarlciang,  yar'ke-ing')  River,  a  river 
which  rises  on  the  N.  side  of  the  Karakorum  Mountains, 
flows  mostly  N.E.,  and  near  lat.  40°  N.,  Ion.  80°  30'  E., 
unites  with  the  Kashgar,  Aksoo,  and  Yu-Rung-Kash,  to 
form  the  Tarim,  which  finally  enters  Lop  Nor,  a  hike  of 
the  Desert  of  Gobi.     Total  course,  600  miles. 

Yar'kcr,  a  post-village  in  Addington  co.,  Ontario,  on 
the  river  Napanee,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Napanee.  It  contains 
a  woollen-factory,  a  largo  flouring-mill,  a  saw-mill,  an  iron- 
foundry,  and  several  stores.     Pop.  400. 

Y'arin,  a  town  and  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Y''ork, 
North  Riding,  on  tho  Tees,  9  miles  E.S.E.  of  Darlington. 
Pop.  1340.  Its  commerce  has  declined  with  tho  rise  of 
Stockton,  but  it  exports  salmon  and  provisions  to  London. 

Yarin,  a  post-hamlet  of  Pontiac  co.,  Quebec,  5  miles  N. 
of  Clarendon  Centre. 

Yar'iiiuiitli,  GuEAT,  a  parliamentary  and  mnnicipal 
borough,  seaport  town,  and  parish  of  England,  co.  of  Nor- 
folk, on  its  E.  coast,  on  the  Norfolk  Railway,  19  miles  E. 
of  Norwich.  It  stands  on  a  narrow  strip  of  land  between 
the  sea  and  the  river  Yare,  across  which  it  communicates 
by  a  drawbridge  with  South-Town,  or  Little  Y'armouth,  and 
with  Gorlfston.  The  quay,  considered  one  of  the  finest  in 
Britain,  extends  along  the  river  for  about  1  mile,  and  here 
are  the  town  hall  and  council  chamber.  It  has  numerous 
churches,  a  borough  jail,  theatre,  custom-house,  large  ware- 
houses, a  hospital  for  children,  grammar-school,  fishermen's 
hospital,  and  a  military  lunatic  asylum.  On  the  coast  are 
several  batteries,  and  barronks  for  1000  men.  The  harbor 
is  in  the  Y'are,  and  is  accessible  by  vessels  of  about  200  tons, 
and  the  town  has  an  extensive  trade  in  agricultural  prod- 
uce, malt,  and  fish.  Yarmouth  is  the  great  seat  of  the 
English  herring-fishery,  and  9000  tons  of  fish  have  been 
sent  hence  by  rail  in  a  year.  Ship-building  is  carried  on, 
and  it  has  a  manufactory  of  silk  goods.  Yarmouth  com- 
municates by  steam-packets  with  London,  Hull,  and  many 
other  ports  on  the  E.  coast.  Near  it  are  the  ruins  of  Caister 
Cattle  and  the  Roman  station  O'arianonum,     Pop.  of  the 


town  in  1891,  49,318.  The  YAnMoirrn  RoAnn  are  between 
the  coast  and  a  lino  of  outer  sand-banks  marked  by  buoyi 
and  floating  lights. 

Yarmouth,  a  maritime  and  market  town  and  pnriih 
of  England,  Isle  of  Wight,  on  its  N.W.  const,  at  tho  mouth 
of  the  Yar,  9  miles  AV.  of  Newport,  and  opposite  Lyiuinc- 
ton,  to  which  it  has  a  ferry.     Pop.  806. 

Yarmouth,  yar'miith,  a  county  at  the  western  ex- 
tremity of  Nova  Scotia,  bordering  on  tho  Atlantic,  and  in- 
tersected by  Tusket  River.  The  coasts  are  deeply  iiidcntc*! 
and  the  surface  is  extremely  diversified  with  mountains] 
rivers,  and  lakes.  Area,  752  square  miles.  Pop.  l8,55o! 
Capital,  Y'armouth. 

Yarmouth,  yar'mfith,  a  station  in  Dos  Moines  co., 
Iowa,  on  the  Burlington  &  Northwestern  Railroad,  24  niiici 
N.W.  of  Burlington. 

Yarmouth,  a  post-village  in  Yarmouth  township,  Cum- 
berland CO.,  Me.,  on  Casco  Bay,  on  Royals  River,  iind  on  the 
Grand  Trunk  Railroad,  11  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Portland,  nnd 
1  mile  S.  of  tho  Maine  Central  Railroad.  It  has  4  churches, 
an  academy,  and  manufactures  of  cotton  and  paper,  a  foun- 
dry, and  quarries  of  granite.  Vessels  are  built  here.  Yar- 
mouth Station  of  the  Maine  Central  Railroad  is  15  milei 
N.N.E.  of  Portland.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  2098. 

Yarmouth,  a  post-village  in  Yarmouth  town.ship, 
Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  near  the  ocean.  76  miles  S.K.  of 
Boston,  and  1  mile  from  Yarmouth  Station  of  tho  CnpeCod 
Railroad.  It  has  a  high  school,  a  carri age-fa ctorj-,  a  bank, 
a  newspaper  oflice,  and  4  churches.  The  townshi])  U  a  part 
of  the  Capo  Cod  peninsula,  and  is  bounded  on  the  N.  by 
Cape  Cod  Bay.  It  contains  a  larger  village,  named  Yar- 
mouth Port.     Pop.  of  the  township,  2264. 

Yarmouth,  a  seaport  town  of  Nova  Scotia,  capital  of 
tho  above  county,  on  a  small  bay,  205  miles  S.W.  of  Hali- 
fax, and  88  miles  from  Annapolis.  The  surrounding  coun- 
try is  fertile  and  well  cultivated.  The  town  contains  many 
fine  public  buildings,  as  churches,  educational  institutions, 
banks,  hotels,  <fec.  The  Yarmouth  Seminary  is  one  of  the 
largest  and  handsomest  wooden  buildings  in  the  province. 
There  are  also  a  commercial  reading-room,  2  printing- 
offices  issuing  weekly  newspapers,  a  number  of  stores,  and 
manufactories  of  ii'on  castings,  machinery,  wooden-ware, 
<tc.  Yarmouth  is  tho  chief  ship-building  place  in  the 
province,  and  has  a  large  tradf  in  tho  fisheries.  It  is  a 
port  of  entry,  and  is  the  S.  terminus  of  the  Western  Coun- 
ties Railway,  connecting  it  with  Annapolis.     I'op.  350(1. 

Yarmouth  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Elgin  co.,  Onta- 
rio, on  the  London  <t  Port  Stanley  Railroad,  II  miles  from 
London.  It  contains  a  cheese-factory,  a  tannery,  and  a 
saw-mill.     Pop.  160. 

Yarmouth  Port,  apost-village  in  Yarmouth  township, 
Barnstable  co.,  Mass.,  on  Massachusetts  Bay,  and  on  the 
Cape  Cod  Railroad,  75  miles  S.E.  of  Boston,  and  2J  miles 
E.  of  Barnstable.  It  has  several  churches,  a  national  bank 
with  a  capital  of  $525,000,  a  newspaper  oflice,  and  a  graded 
school. 

Yar'nallton,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Fayette  co., 
Ky.,  on  tho  Louisville,  Cincinnati  <t  Lexington  Railroad, 
7  miles  N.W.  of  Lexington. 

Yaroo-Dzang-bo-Tsoo,  or  \''aru-Dzang- 
bo-Tsu,  yi-roo'-dzing-bo-tsoo  ("clear  river  of  the 
west"),  the  principal  river  of  Thibet  proper,  which  it 
traverses  in  nearly  its  entire  length  from  W.  to  E.  It 
rises  about  Ion.  82°  E.  and  between  lat.  30°  and  31°  N., 
flows  E.,  receiving  in  Farther  Thibet  five  con.-idcrable 
affluents  from  the  N.  and  as  many  from  the  S.,  on  the  last 
of  which,  near  its  mouth  in  the  San-Poo,  stands  Tcshoo- 
Loomboo. 

Y'aroslav,  laroslav,  yJ-ro-sllv',  Yaroslavl,  Ja» 
roslaw,  or  Jaroslavl,  a  government  of  European  Rus- 
sia, near  its  centre,  mostly  between  lat.  57°  and  69°  N. 
and  Ion.  38°  and  41°  30'  E.,  enclosed  by  the  governments 
of  Novgorod,  Vologda,  Kostroma,  Vladimeer,  and  Tver. 
Area,  13,750  squ.are  miles.  Pop.  1,082,782.  Surface  level, 
and  in  many  parts  marshy.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Volga, 
which  here  receives  the  rivers  Mologa  and  Shcksna,  and  in 
the  S.  is  Lake  Nero,  occupying  upwards  of  20  square  miles. 
The  soil  is  not  very  fertile,  and  the  annual  j)roducc  of 
corn,  estimated  at  two  million  quarters,  is  insufiicicnt  for 
the  population.  Rye,  wheat,  barley,  flax,  hemp,  and  fruits 
are  the  principal  crops.  Timber  is  scarce;  live-stock  in- 
ferior. The  fisheries  in  the  Volga  are  important.  Tho 
government  is  chiefly  noted  for  manufacturing  industry: 
linen,  woollen,  and  cotton  fabrics,  leather,  silks,  hardwares, 
and  tobacco  are  wrought  in  the  towns,  and  the  peasants  are 
almost  everywhere  partially  engaged  in  domestic  manufac- 
tures.    Principal  towns,  Y'aroslav,  Rostov,  and  Ooglitch. 


YAR 


2871 


TAZ 


Yaroslny,  laroslav,  Jaroslaw,  or  Jaroslavl,  a 

city  of  Kussia,  capital  of  a  govornmont  of  its  own  naino, 
on  the  Volga,  at  tho  influx  of  the  Kotorost,  160  miles  N.E. 
of  Moscow.  Pop.  2fi,42'J.  It  is  enclosed  by  a  palisade, 
«nd  is  pretty  well  built,  though  mostly  of  wood.  It  is  an 
episcopal  see,  and  has  CO  churches,  which  give  it,  exter- 
nally, an  imposing  appearance, sercral  convents,  a  theologi- 
cal seminary,  a  citadel  at  the  confluence  of  the  rivers,  the 
l)emidolf  Lyceum,  founded  in  1803,  a  largo  exchange,  vari- 
ous hospitals  and  asylums,  manufactures  of  cotton,  silk, 
linens,  leather,  tobacco,  Ac,  with  iron-,  copper-,  and  boll- 
foundries,  and  two  large  annual  fairs,  nt  which  largo  quan- 
tities of  its  manufactured  goods  aro  sold. 

Yar'ra-Yar'ra,  a  river  of  Victoria,  and  the  principal 
stream  entering  Port  Phillip.  It  is  not  navigable  above 
Melbourne,  on  account  of  falls,  and  that  city  can  usually  be 
reached  only  by  vessels  of  60  tons'  burden,  the  mouth  of  the 
river  having  a  bar  with  only  9  foot  of  water  at  high  tide. 
Vessels  of  largo  burden  load  and  unload  at  Williamstown, 
near  its  mouth.  At  Melbourne  it  is  commonly  from  40  to 
60  yards  across,  but  greatly  augmented  by  floods  in  winter 
and  spring.     Length,  about  100  miles. 

Yar'riba,  or  Yoriiba,  yor'u-bi,  an  extensive  state  of 
Central  Africa,  bounded  N.  by  Gando,  E.  by  the  Niger  and 
Oando  Rivers,  and  W.  by  Dahomey.  Chief  towns,  Katunga, 
Abbookoota,  and  Ibadan.  Area,  about  70,000  square  miles. 
Pop.  about  3,000,000.  It  has  extensive  forests  of  African 
teak,  sassa-wood,  ebony,  and  ditfercnt  kinds  of  palms. 

Yarrow,  yir'ro,  a  river  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Selkirk,  rises 
at  Yarrow-Clcugh,  1 J  miles  K.  of  Loch  Skene,  flows  mostly 
eastward,  through  Lochs  Lowes  and  St.  Mary,  and  joins 
the  Ettrick  IJ  miles  above  Selkirk.  Its  tributaries  are  at 
least  40,  but  are  small.     Length,  25  miles. 

Yarrow,  a  parish  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Selkirk,  of  which 
county  it  comprises  more  than  a  third,  containing  Ettrick 
Forest  and  several  petty  villages.  Sir  Walter  Scott  resided 
in  the  Ettrick  Forest  for  ten  years;  and  Hogg,  "The  Et- 
trick Shepherd,"  lived  and  died  in  this  parish. 

Yarii-Dzang-Ito.    See  Yaroo-Dzano-bo-Tsoo. 

Yasclda,  laselda,  yl-s61'di,  or  Jasolda,  yi-sol'di, 
a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  government  of  Grodno,  flows 
E.S.E.,  expanding  into  Lake  Sporovskee,  and  joins  the  Pri- 
pets  E.  of  Pinsk.     Length,  130  miles. 

Yasi-Koi,  yl'see-koi,  a  large  village  of  Asia  Minor, 
Anatolia,  near  Zafaran-Boli,  and  containing  300  houses  of 
Mohammedans  and  75  houses  of  Greek  Christians,  which 
latter  people  manufacture  wine  and  opium.  A  good  deal 
of  saffron  is  raised  in  the  vicinity. 

Yass,  a  town  of  New  South  AVales,  East  Australia, 
counties  of  King  and  Murray,  capital  of  a  district,  on  Yass 
River,  an  aflluent  of  tho  Murrurabidgeo,  46  miles  W.S.AV. 
of  Ooulburn.  I'op.  1167.  The  Yass  Plains,  surrounded 
on  every  side  by  forests,  are  from  9  to  12  miles  across. 

Yasso,  Abyssinia.    See  Axazo. 

Yassy,  or  Jassy,  yds'soo,  written  also  Jasch,  a  city 
of  Roumania,  in  Moldavia,  is  situated  on  an  afiiuent  of  the 
Pruth,  in  a  plain  surrounded  by  low  hills,  200  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Bucharest,  and  162  miles  N.W.  of  Odessa.  Pop.  about 
90,000.  The  modern  part  is  clean  and  well  built,  but  tho 
older  part  is  a  collection  of  ruins  and  huts.  It  has  several 
churches,  a  college,  a  tribunal,  a  court  of  appeal,  a  museum 
with  a  public  library,  a  theatre,  5  hospitals,  a  society  of 
natural  history  and  medicine,  and  an  active  commerce  in 
agricultural  produce.  Numerous  fine  shops  have  lately 
been  opened.  It  is  connected  by  railroad  with  Galatz, 
Bucharest,  and  Odessa.  Before  the  union  of  Wallaohia  and 
Moldavia,  Yassy  was  the  capital  of  the  latter. 

Yates,  yats,  a  county  in  the  W.  central  part  of  Now 
York,  has  an  area  of  about  340  square  miles.  It  is  bounded 
on  tho  E.  by  Seneca  Lake,  is  partly  intersected  by  Keuka 
or  Crooked  Lake,  and  bounded  on  the  W.  by  Canandaigua 
Lake,  all  of  which  present  beautiful  scenery.  It  is  drained 
by  Flint  Creek  and  the  outlet  of  Keuka  Lake.  The  sur- 
face is  undulating  and  diversified  with  ridges,  valleys,  and 
ravines.  The  soil  is  very  fertile.  Wheat,  oats,  barley,  In- 
dian corn,  wool,  hay,  and  butter  are  the  staple  products. 
There  are  forests  of  the  ash,  beech,  elm,  hickory,  oak,  sugar- 
maplo,  and  other  trees.  Among  tho  rocks  which  underlie 
tho  soil  are  Portage  sandstone  and  Tully  limestone,  both 
Devonian.  This  county  is  intersected  by  the  Northern 
Central  Railroad.  Capital,  Penn  Yan.  Valuation  of  real 
and  personal  estate,  $14,858,922.  Pop.  in  1870,  19,595,  of 
■whom  17,840  were  Americans;  in  1880,  21,087. 

Yates,  a  township  of  McLean  co..  111.     Pop.  1048, 

Yates,  a  station  of  the  Detroit  A  Bay  City  Railroad, 
at  the  junction  of  tho  St.  Clair  A  Chicago  Air-Line,  29 
miles  N.  of  Detroit,  Mich. 


Yates,  or  Yates  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Yatea 
township,  Orleans  oo.,  N.Y.,  1  mile  from  Lyndonvillo, 
about  20  miles  N.E.  of  Lockport,  ond  3  miles  from  Lake 
Ontario.  It  has  a  church  and  an  academy.  The  township 
is  bounded  on  the  N.  by  Lake  Ontario,  and  contain*  Lyn- 
donvillo.    Pop.  of  the  township,  2012. 

Yates  Centre,  a  post-village,  copital  of  AVood«on  co., 
Kansas,  in  Centre  township,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Noosbo  Falls. 
Pop.  in  1890,  1305. 

xatcs  City,  a  post-village  in  Salcra  township,  Knox 
CO.,  III.,  on  the  Ualesburg  A  Peoria  division  of  tho  Chicago, 
Burlington  A  Quincy  Rjvilroad,  29  miles  W.  by  N.  of  Peoria. 
It  has  3  churches,  a  graded  school,  and  a  banking-house. 
Pop.  about  750.  It  is  also  on  the  Buda  A  Rushvillo  Rail- 
road. 

Yatesville,  ySts'vIl,  a  post-oflBoe  of  Upson  oo.,  Oa.,  11 
miles  from  Barnesville. 

Yatesville,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  IH.     Pop.  1440. 

Yatesville,  a  post-otlico  and  station  in  Randolph  co.. 
Mo.,  on  tho  Chicago  A  Alton  Railroad. 

Yatesville,  a  hamlet  of  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Erie  Canal,  3  miles  from  Sprakcr's  Basin. 

Yatesville,  a  hamlet  of  Yates  co.,  N.Y.,  4  miles  \7. 
of  Penn  Yan.     It  has  a  church  and  a  saw-mill. 

Yatesville,  a  village  and  station  in  Luzerne  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Lehigh  A  Susquehanna  Railroad,  1  mile  S.  of  Pitta- 
ton.     It  has  2  churches  and  2  stores. 

Yatesville,  a  coal-mining  town  of  Schuylkill  co..  Pa., 
on  the  Lehigh  Valley  Railroad,  2  miles  N.E.  of  Shenan- 
doah.    Pop.  1000. 

Yatesville,  a  post-ofiSceof  Lunenburg  co.,  Va. 

Yatova,  yk-to'vH,  a  village  of  Spain,  province  and 
about  25  miles  from  Valencia,  on  the  Juancs.     Pop.  1461. 

Yatrib,  an  ancient  name  of  Mbdixa,  a  city  of  Arabia. 

Yat^tayab'bee  Creek,  of  Henry  co.,  Ala.,  flows  into 
the  Chattahoochee  River. 

Yat'ton,  a  hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Iowa,  on  Eng- 
lish River,  about  15  miles  S.  of  Iowa  City. 

Yanco,  yow'ko,  a  small  town  of  Porto  Rico,  near  the 
S.  coast  of  the  island,  18  miles  W.  of  Ponce.     Pop.  2680. 

Yaupaugh,  yaw'paw,  a  hamlet  of  Bergen  co.,  N.J.,  in 
Franklin  township,  1  mile  from  Oakland.   It  has  2  churches. 

Yaiiri,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  YAoonEE. 

Yautepec,  yow-tA-pfik',  a  village  of  Mexico,  state  and 
40  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mexico. 

Yavapai,  yiv'a-pl,  a  large  county  of  Arizona,  borders 
on  Utah  and  New  Mexico.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Colo- 
rado ISiver  and  Little  Colorado  River,  and  also  drained  by 
the  Rio  Verde  and  other  rivers.  The  surface  is  partly 
mountainous.  The  county  is  occupied  by  several  ranges 
of  mountains,  between  which  are  extensive  table-lands  or 
plains.  Forests  of  pine  grow  on  the  mountains.  The  soil 
requires  irrigation  to  render  it  fertile.  Gold  is  found  in 
several  parts  of  tho  county.  Cretaceous,  Silurian,  and  vol- 
canic rocks  underlie  the  soil.  Capital,  Prescott.  Pop.  in 
1870,  2142,  of  whom  1208  were  Americans;  in  1880,  5013. 

Yavary,  a  river  of  South  America.    See  Jabarv. 

Y'aw'al,  a  town  of  India,  presidency  of  Bombay.  Pop. 
8140. 

Yaw'goo,  or  Yaw'kcr,  a  village  in  Exeter  township, 
Washington  co.,  R.I.,  on  the  Stonington  A  Providence 
Railroad,  about  37  miles  from  Providence,  and  1  mile  from 
Slocumville.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  goods.  There 
is  a  church  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  130. 

Yaw'ry  Uuy,  a  largo  inlet  on  tho  coast  of  Sierra  Leone, 
about  25  miles  S.  of  Freetown. 

Yax'Icy,  a  village  and  parish  of  England,  co.  and  13 
miles  N.  of  Huntingdon.  Pop.  1393.  A  little  E.  of  the 
village  is  Whittlesca-mcro,  a  sheet  of  water  6  miles  long 
and  3  miles  broad,  abounding  in  fish. 

Yay-Gy'ee',  a  town  of  India,  presidency  of  Bengal, 
in  Pegu.     Pop.  4693. 

Yazoo,  yi'zoo  or  yA'zoo,  a  county  in  tho  W.  central 
part  of  Mississippi,  has  an  area  of  about  900  square  miles. 
It  is  intersected  by  the  Yazoo  River  (navigable  by  steam- 
boats), and  is  bounded  on  tho  S.E.  by  tho  Big  Black  River. 
The  Sunflower  River  forms  part  of  its  western  boundary. 
Tho  surface  is  level  or  moderately  hilly,  and  is  extensively 
covered  with  forests  of  the  cypress,  beech,  elm,  hickory, 
magnolia,  white  oak,  tulip-tree,  Ac.  The  soil  is  very  fertile. 
Cotton,  Indian  corn,  cattle,  ond  jwrk  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts :  about  25,000  bales  of  cotton  are  produced  annually. 
Capital,  Yazoo  City.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate, 
$7,18.3,392.  Pop.  in  1870,  17,279,  of  whom  17,052  were 
Americans;  ia  1880,  33,845. 

Yazoo,  Harrison  co.,  Iowa.   See  Caltfoumia  Jdnctios. 

Yazoo  City^  a  post-Tillage,  capital  of  Yaxoo  oo.,  Miu., 


YAZ 


2872 


YEK 


3n  the  K.  b»nk  uf  th«  Ynioo  Rircr,  about  48  miles  N.B.  of 
VickKbur^,  Hnd  48  milea  N.  by  W.  of  Jaokson.  It  baa  1  or 
2  iicn'i<|>;i|)or  offices,  a  bank,  6  churohot,  an  aendeiny,  and 
n>i  <iil-uiill.  A  large  quuiitity  of  cotton  is  shipped  liero  in 
tiitMinbdiitP,  vriiicU  navif;ate  the  river  above  and  buluw  this 
plii.u.     Pop.  in  1S8(»,  2642;  in  18y0,  32Si5. 

Ynzou  Uivcr»  Mississippi,  is  formed  by  the  Tallahat- 
ehoc  iind  Yalabusha  Kivors,  which  unite  in  Leflore  co.  It 
runs  guuthward  and  soiithwcstward  with  a  very  sinuous 
course,  intersects  tlie  cos.  of  Holmes,  Ynzoo,  and  Wnrrcn, 
and  enters  the  Mississippi  llivcr  about  3  miles  above  Vicks- 
burg.  It  is  about  28U  miles  long,  and  is  navigable  by 
steamboats,  which  can  ascend  from  its  mouth  to  its  origin 
in  all  sbij^os  of  water.  It  is  a  sluggish  river,  flowing  through 
a  rich  and  nearly  level  country. 

YazvHf  lazva,  or  Jaswa,  y{Ls'v&,  a  river  of  llussia, 
rises  on  the  \V.  side  of  the  Ural  Mountains,  government  of 
Perm,  flows  generally  W.,  and,  after  u  course  of  nearly  120 
inilos,  joins  the  Vishora  about  15  miles  K.  of  Cbordyn. 

Ybu,  an  island  of  Luzon.     Soo  Ida. 

Ybbs,  a  town  and  river  of  Lower  Austria.    See  Ips. 

Ybbsitz,  a  market-town  of  Austria.    See  Irsirz. 

Y'bcra,  a  lake  of  South  America.    See  Idbra. 

Ybcrg,  Iberg,  eo'bdiiG,  or  Ibrig^  ee'brio,  a  village  of 
Switzerland,  canton  and  7  niilos  N.U.  of  Sohwyti.  it  has 
medicinal  springs.     Pop.  1055. 

Ybicuy,  o-Dc-kweo',  a  river  of  Uruguay,  rises  on  the 
Urazilian  frontier,  and  joins  the  Paraguay  Kiver,  after  a 
W.  course  of  200  miles. 

Y^a,  a  town  and  department  of  Peru.     See  I9A. 

Yc,  a  river  of  British  Bunnah,  hits  a  short  coarse,  but 
is  navigable  by  boats  for  about  20  miles  from  the  ocean. 

Yc,  a  town  of  British  Burmah,  formerly  capital  of  a 
province  on  the  Tonasserim  coast,  on  the  river  Yo,  nojir  its 
mouth  in  the  Indian  Oooan,  90  miles  S.E.  of  Maulmain. 

Y'cadon,  yC'dpn,  a  town  of  England,  00.  of  York,  6 
miles  N.E.  of  Leeds.     It  has  woollen-mills.     Pop.  5240. 

Ycagertowii»  ya'gh^r-tSwn,  a  post-village  of  MiOlin 
CO.,  Pa.,  on  the  MiWin  &,  Centre  County  Branch  Kailroad, 
5  miles  X.  of  Lewistown.     It  has  a  church. 

Ycak'ley,  a  post-office  of  Greene  co..  Mo. 

Ycalmpton,  ySlmp'ton,  a  village  and  parish  of  Eng- 
land. CO.  of  Devon,  on  the  Ycalm.     Pop.  1054. 
'    Yeater's  (ya't^rz)  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Doddridge 
CO..  AV.  Va. 

Yeatesville,  yats'vil,  a  post-hamlet  of  Beaufort  co., 
N.C.,  60  miles  N.E.  of  Newbern.     It  has  a  church. 

Ycatman,  yat'mij,n,  a  station  of  the  Missouri  Paeifio 
R.Tihoad,  26  miles  W.  of  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Ycbcncs,  yi'Bi-nds,  a  market-town  of  Spain,  province 
and  21  miles  S.  of  Toledo.     Pop.  3904, 

Yeblcron,  yd,^bleh-r6x<»',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine- 
Inferieure,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Yvetot.     Pop.  1625. 

Ycbiiah,  yi-boo'i,  a  small  and  lofty  island  in  the  Bed 
Sea,  off  the  Arabian  coast,  15  miles  N.W.  of  Moilah. 

Ycclil,  yi'kl4,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  44  miles 
N.  of  JIurcia,  on  the  Jumiila.  Pop.  11,660.  It  stands  at 
the  foot  of  a  height  crowned  by  a  ruined  Moorish  castle. 
It  has  many  brandy-distilleries,  and  a  tr.ade  in  wine  and 
fruits. 

Ycddo,  Yedo,  or  Jeddo,  a  city  of  Japan.  See  Tokio. 

Yeddo,  (iulf  of.     Sec  Gulf  of  Yeddo. 

Ycc-Tchang,  or  Yi-Tchang,  China.  SeoE-CniNO. 

Ycc-Tchoo,  or  Yi-Tchou,  yce'choo',  a  town  of 
China,  province  of  Shan-Toong.  capital  of  a  department, 
on  the  Y-IIo,  140  miles  S.E.  of  Tsoe-Nan. 

Y'efremov,  Icfremov,  or  Jcfrcmov,  ySPri-mov', 
a  town  of  llussia,  government  and  78  miles  S.E.  of  Toola. 
Pop.  7402.  It  is  enclosed  by  earthen  ramparts,  and  has 
several  suburbs,  numerous  churches,  and  4  annual  fairs. 

Yeftcrevskaia,  Icfterevskaia,  or  Jeftercw- 
sknja,  y6f-td-r4v-ski'i,  a  market-town  of  South  llussia, 
in  the  Don  Cossack  country,  on  the  Mcdvicditza,  225  miles 
N.E.  of  Novo-Chorka.sk.     Pop.  about  1000. 

Yegcii,  or  Ycxen,  yA,-ii6n',  a  village  of  Spain,  in 
Andalusia,  province  and  about  45  miles  from  Granada,  on 
the  S.  side  of  the  Siorr.a  Nevada.     Pop.  1256, 

Y^egorlyk,  or  Jcgorlyk,  y.\-gor-lik',  a  river  of  Rus- 
sia, rises  in  a  N.  branch  of  the  mountains  of  Caucasus, 
near  the  frontiers  of  Circsvssia,  and  joins  the  Manitch  about 
30  miles  W.  of  Bol-Ilmen  Lake.     Length,  about  100  miles. 

Ycgoryevsk,  Jegorievsk,  or  Jegor.icv8k,yd-gor- 
yflvsk',  a  town  of  llussia,  government  and  53  miles  N.W. 
of  Iliazan.     Pop.  5101. 

Ycgua  (yfig'w.aor  yi'wi)  Creek,Texas,  an  affluent  of 
the  Brazos,  is  formed  by  3  branches,  the  First,  Second,  and 
Third  Yegua,  which  unite  on  the  N.  boundary  of  Washing- 


ton 00.     It  follows  that  boundary  until  it  enters  the  river 
about  5  miles  N.E.  of  Indopemlcuce.  ' 

Yeia,  Icia,  or  Jcia,  yiV'yl,  a  river  of  Uusnia,  rise*  in 
the  country  of  the  Don  Cocsacka,  flows  liiiit  N.W.  and  then 
W.,  and  fulls  into  a  bay  on  the  N.E.  side  of  the  Sea  uf 
Azof.     Length,  about  140  miles. 

Yeisk,  or  Jcittk,  yA'isk,  a  seaport  of  Ruwia,  in  Cii- 
cauoasia,  government  of  Kooban,  on  the  Sea  of  Aiof,  liio 
miles  S.W.  of  Novo-Cliorkask.  It  has  an  imporUvnt  trudt 
in  grain,  wool,  and  lin.seed.     Pop.  28,070. 

Yujubbi,  ye-jub'bcc,  a  largo  couimoreial  town  of  Aljyi- 
ainia,  in  Amhara,  district  of  Gojam,  N.  of  the  Abiii  Kivcr 

Yekateriiiboorg,  lekateiiiibourg,yi-ka-tA.reon^ 
booiig',  Jekatcrineiibiirg,  yA-kA-tA  re-nvn-booitg',  or 
Ekaterinburg,  A-ki-tiV-ruen-booitg'  (i.e.,  "Catherine's 
borough"),  a  town  of  Asiatic  Uussia,  in  the  Ural  mining  dis- 
trict, on  the  E.  side  of  the  Ural  Mountains,  govcrnuicnt  ond 
170  miles  S.E.  of  Perm,  hit.  60°  50'  14"  N.,  Ion.  60°  34'  U" 
E.,  on  both  banks  of  the  Iset,  about  860  feet  above  Foa-lovol. 
The  streets  are  long  and  Btruight,  but  unpavcd,  having,  how- 
ever,  planks  or  logs  laid  on  each  side  lor  l'oot-|ia«scngerB. 
The  ])rincipal  street  runs  parallel  with  the  river,  and  it 
crossed  by  numerous  smaller  streets,  laiding  directly  to  the 
bank  of  the  Iset.  A  number  of  the  houses  are  of  woo<l,  but 
there  arc  also  a  great  many  of  stone,  built  in  a  handsomo 
and  substantial  stylo  and  possessing  as  much  iuternal  com- 
fort as  exterior  elegance.  On  the  S.E.  bank  of  the  river 
the  buildings  are  8])read  over  an  extensive  plain,  which  it 
connected  with  the  city  by  a  handsomo  bridge;  those  build- 
ings include  the  government  magazines,  mills,  factories,  io., 
and  enclose  an  extensive  square  or  market-place.  On  tlio 
opposite  side  the  streets  are  spacious  and  elogant,  and  the 
stone  edifices,  the  habitations  of  merchants  and  mine-pro- 
prietors, exceedingly  handsome.  The  cutting,  polishing, 
and  engraving  of  precious  stones  form  a  principal  branch 
of  industry  in  Yckaterinboorg,  and  the  art  is  here  brought 
to  the  greatest  perfection.     Pop.  (1885)  31,017. 

Yckatcriiiiuskoi,or  Jckatcriiiiuskoi,  yd-k&-ti\- 
re-nin-skoi',  a  market-town  of  llu.ssia,  government  and  UO 
miles  N.E.  of  Viatka,  on  the  Viatka  lUver. 

Yckaterinodar,  Ickatcriiiodar,  or  Jckatori> 
nodar,  yd.-k.\-t4.-re-no-daK',  written  also  £katcriiio- 
dar,  a  town  of  llussia,  capital  of  the  government  of  Koo- 
ban, on  the  left  bank  of  the  Kooban  Kiver,  about  100  miles 
above  its  mouth,  and  125  miles  S.  of  Azof.  Yekaterinodar 
is  the  scat  of  a  Cossack  hetnian  and  other  authorities  for  the 
district.  It  has  a  cathedral  with  6  modern  towers.  On 
every  side  is  swamp  and  morass,  forming  a  mud  defence  to 
the  town,  in  which  carriage,  horse,  and  traveller  often  stick 
fast  for  hours.     Pop.  (1884)  27,347. 

Yckaterinograd,  lekaterinograd,  or  Jekate- 
rinograd,  yi-ki-ti-re-no-grid',  written  also  Ekatc> 
rinograd,  a  town  and  fortress  of  llussia,  government  of 
Stavropol,  20  miles  W.  of  Mosdok,  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
Torek.  Lat.  43°  40'  N. ;  Ion.  43°  55'  E.  This  is  an  im- 
portant military  post  of  the  Cossacks  of  the  line,  and  was 
founded  in  1777  by  Prince  Potcmkin,  to  whoso  memory 
a  stone  triumphal  arch  was  hero  erected  by  the  Empress 
Catherine  II.     Pop.  2473. 

Yekaterinopol,  or  Jckntcrinopol,  yi-kil-ti-re- 
no'pol,  a  town  of  llussia,  government  and  103  miles  S.  of 
Kiev, 

Yckaterinoslav,  lekatcriuoslav,  Jckatcrino« 
Slav,  or  Jckateriiioslaw,  yi-ki-tA-re-no-sliv',  written 
also  Ekaterinoslav  and  Ekateriiioslaw,  a  govern- 
ment of  South  Russia,  lat.  47°  to  40°  20'  N.,  Ion.  33°  30'  to 
39°40'E.  Area,  26,147  square  niilci).  It  is  divided  into 
two  sections  by  the  Dnieper,  about  three-fourths  lying  E. 
and  one-fourth  W.  of  that  river.  The  E.  portion  belongs  to 
the  steppe  country  of  South  llussia,  being  flat,  monotonous, 
without  trees,  often  without  water,  and  with  a  lean  salifer- 
ous  soil.  The  W.  portion  is  more  undulating,  and  more 
fruitful.  The  minerals  aro  granite,  lime,  chalk,  salt,  and 
garnets.  Wheat,  spelt,  barley,  and  oats  aro  raised  in  quan- 
tity suflicient  for  local  consumption  ;  and  hemp,  fia.x,  pop- 
pics,  pease,  vegetables,  and  fruits  are  also  cultivated.  The 
chief  wealth  of  the  government  consists  in  its  innumerable 
herds  of  horses,  o.xcn,  sheep  (many  of  them  merinoes),  goats, 
and  swine.  Bees  yield  a  large  return  ;  and  the  silk-cul- 
ture is  carried  on  by  the  Greeks  at  Mariopol  and  the  Arme- 
nians at  Nakhchivan.  Some  cloth,  leather,  candles,  and 
beer  are  made,  and  tallow-smelting  is-carricd  on  ;  and  there 
are  no  less  than  225  distilleries.  Capital,  Yekaterinoslar. 
•  Pop.  1,697,061. 

Yekaterinoslav,  lekaterinoslav,  Jckatcrino- 
slav,  Ekaterinoslav,  or  Ekaterino.slaw,  a  fortified 
town  of  South  Russia,  capital  of  the  government  of  its  own 


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name,  820  milos  S.S.E.  of  St.  Petersburg,  and  76  miles  S.E. 
of  Poltava,  near  the  right  bank  of  the  Dnieper.  Lat.  48° 
27'  50"  N.;  Ion.  35°  6'  53"  E.  Pop.  41,098.  It  is  the 
see  of  an  archbishop,  and  has  an  ecclesiastical  seminary,  7 
churches,  a  public  library,  a  botanic  garden,  manufactures 
of  cloths  and  silks,  and  an  annual  fair.  It  was  founded  by 
the  Empress  Catherine  II.  in  1784. 

Yekaterinsknia,  lekaterinskaia,  or  Jekate> 
rinsknja,  yi-ki-ti-reen-ski'i,  a  town  of  Russia,  Don 
Cossack  count-y,  on  the  Donets,  56  miles  N.N.E.  of  Novo- 
Cherkask.     Po)).  1365. 

Yckatcriiiskaia,  a  market-town  of  Russia,  gorem- 
ment  of  Koorsk,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Novoi-Oskol. 

Yekaterinstadt,  Jekaterinstadt,  y4-k&-til-reen- 
Btitt',  or  Yekaterinograd,  a  village  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment and  45  miles  N.E.  of  Saratov,  on  the  Volga. 

Yelabooga,  Ielabonga,or  Jclabnga,  yi-lft-boo'- 
gi,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  210  miles  S.S.E.  of 
Viatka,  on  the  Kama,  near  a  small  lake.  Near  it  are  the 
ruins  of  a  Shaman  temple,  where  there  was  long  a  celebrated 
oracle.     Pop.  7577. 

Yelagooi,  lelagoui,  or  Jelagni,  yi-l4-goo'ee,  or 
Elagiii)  i-li-goo'ee,  a  river  of  Siberia,  rises  in  lat.  63°  N. 
and  Ion.  83°  E.,  in  the  government  of  Yeniseisk,  flows  E., 
and,  dividing  into  several  arms,  joins  the  Yenisei  on  the 
left,  in  lat.  63°  N.  and  Ion.  90°  E.     Length,  200  miles. 

Yelaii,  Russia.    See  Novon>fiTniEVSKOE. 

Yelatom,Ielatom,or  Jeiatoni,  y&-lfl.-tom', or  Je- 
latma,  yA-Iit'mi,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  158 
miles  N.  of  Tambov,  on  the  Oka.  Pop.  7107.  It  has 
several  churches,  manufactures  of  vitriol  and  copper  wares, 
and  a  flourishing  export  trade. 

Yelets,  leiets,  or  Jeletz,  yi-l5ts',  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  102  miles  E.S.E.  of  Orel,  on  the  Sosna.  It 
is  old,  but  regularly  built,  with  paved  streets,  and  has  12 
stone  and  2  wooden  churches,  3  poor-houses,  manufactures 
of  soap,  leather,  ironware,  and  jewelry,  a  bell-foundry, 
numerous  locksmith-shops,  and  an  extensive  trade  in  corn. 
Iron  abounds  in  the  vicinity.     Pop.  (1883)  36,678. 

Yelisavetgrad,  lelisabetgrad,  or  Jelisabet- 
grad,  y4-le-zi-v4t^grid',  written  also  Elisabetgrad 
and  £lisavetgrad,  a  fortified  town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment and  130  miles  N.  of  Kherson,  on  the  Ingool  (Ingul). 
Pop.  67,079.  It  is  regularly  built,  and  has  several  suburbs, 
military  magazines,  and  a  large  hospital. 

Yelisavetpol,  yi-le-zd-vSt-por,  Elisavetopol,  i- 
lo-zl-v4-to'pol,  Eli'zavetpol,  or  Ganja,  gin'ji,  a  for- 
tiQed  town  of  Russia,  in  Transcaucasia,  90  miles  S.E.  of 
Tiflis.  It  was  formerly  important  as  the  residence  of  an 
Aghovavian  primate  and  a  Persian  khan.  Near  it  are  the 
villages  of  Anenfeld  and  Helmendorf,  two  German  colonies. 
Pop.  16,167. 

Yelisavetpol,  or  Elisavetpol,  a  government  of 
Ilussia,  in  Transcaucasia,  bordering  on  the  S.E.  upon  Per- 
sia. Area,  17,114  square  miles.  It  is  a  part  of  the  former 
kingdom  of  Georgia.     Capital,  Yelisavetpol.     Pop.  529,412. 

Yell,  one  of  the  Shetland  Islands,  Scotland,  the  second 
of  the  group  in  size,  and  the  most  N.  except  Unst,  is  sepa- 
rated on  the  S.  from  Mainland  by  Y^ell  Sound.  Length, 
from  N.  to  S.,  17  miles  ;  extreme  breadth,  7i  miles.  Area, 
94  square  miles.  The  surface  is  mountainous,  and  agricul- 
ture is  almost  entirely  neglected,  whale-  and  other  fishing 
being  the  chief  employment.     Pop.  2732. 

Yell,  a  county  in  the  W.  part  of  Arkansas,  has  an  area 
of  about  936  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by 
the  Arkansas  River,  and  is  intersected  by  the  Fourche  la 
Fave  and  Petit  Jean  Rivers.  The  surface  is  hilly,  and  is 
extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the  hickory,  white  oak, 
yellow  pine,  chestnut,  hemlock,  walnut,  and  other  trees. 
The  soil  is  generally  fertile.  Cotton,  Indinn  corn,  cattle, 
and  pork  are  the  staple  products.  Bituminous  coal  is  found 
in  this  county.  Capital,  Danville.  Pop.  in  1870,  8048; 
in  1880,  1.3,852;  in  1890,  18,015. 

Yell,  a  township  of  Boone  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1709. 
Yell,  a  township  of  Webster  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  405. 
Yell,  a  post-hamlet  of  Marshall  co.,  Tenn.,  about  8 
miles  S.  of  Lewisburg. 

Yellala  (y4l-li'li)  Falls,  a  series  of  cataracte  of  the 
Congo  River,  140  miles  from  the  sea. 

Yellow  Bird,  Pickaway  co.,  0.    See  Kindebhook. 
YelloAV  Blutf,  a  post-oflice  of  Wilcox  co.,  Ala.,  on  th« 
Alabama  River.     Here  is  a  steamboat-landing. 

Yellow  Branch,  a  post-office  of  Campbell  co.,  Va., 
about  14  miles  S.  of  Lynchburg. 

Yellow  Breeches  (ycl'lo-britch'^z)  Creek,  Penn- 
sylvania, rises  in  Cumberland  Co.,  runs  E.N.E.,  and  enters 
the  Susquehanna  River  about  4  miles  below  Uarrisburg. 
181 


Yellow  Bad,  a  post-village  of  Ross  co.,  0.,  in  Union 
township,  on  the  Ohio  Canal,  about  i  mile  W.  of  the  Scioto 
River,  and  14  miles  N.  of  Chillicotbe.  It  has  2  churches. 
Pop.  about  150. 

Yellow  Creek  rises  near  the  E.  border  of  Lamar  co., 
Ala.,  runs  southwestward,  and  enters  Luxapatilla  Creek  in 
Mississippi,  about  10  miles  N.E.  of  Columbus. 

Yellow  Creek,  Missouri,  rises  in  Sullivan  co.,  runs 
southward  through  Linn  co.,  and  enters  Grand  River  io 
Chariton  oo.,  about  12  miles  N.W.  of  Brunswick.  It  is 
nearly  75  miles  long. 

YelloAV  Creek,  Ohio,  rises  in  Carroll  co.,  runs  nearly 
eastward,  and  enters  the  Ohio  River  in  Jefl'erson  co.,  about 
4  miles  below  Wellsville. 

Yellow  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Dawson  co.,  Ga. 

Yellow  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Stephenson  co.,  IIU 
about  12  miles  W.  of  Freeport. 

Yellow  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Kosciusko  co.,  Ind. 

Yellow  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Bell  co.,  Ky. 

Yellow  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Tishomingo  co.,  Miss^ 
10  miles  N.W.  of  luka. 

Yellow  Creek,  township,  Chariton  co..  Mo.   P.  1018. 

Yellow  Creek,  a  township  of  Linn  co..  Mo.    P.  3126. 

Yellow  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Graham  co.,  N.C. 

Yellow  Creek,  a  township  of  Columbiana  co.,  0. 
Pop.  3088.     It  contains  Wellsville. 

Yellow  Creek,  a  station  of  the  Cleveland  A  Pittsburg 
Railroad,  17  miles  N.  of  Steubenville,  0. 

Yellow  Creek,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bedford  co.,  P»^ 
about  30  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Altoona.     It  has  a  flour-mill 

Yellow  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Houston  co.,  Tenn 

Yellow  Dirt,  a  post-office  of  Heard  co.,  6a. 

Yellow  Head,  township,  Kankakee  co.,  III.   P.  1492. 

YelloAV  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Perry  co.,  Ky. 

Yellow  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Wilkes  co.,  N.C. 

Yellow  House,  a  post-office  of  Berks  co.,  Pa. 

Yellow  Jacket  Creek,  Troup  co.,  Ga.,  runs  sonth- 
westward,  and  enters  the  Chattahoochee  River  about  10 
miles  W.  of  La  Grange. 

Yellow  Knife,  a  river  of  British  North  America, 
enters  the  Great  Slave  Lake,  after  a  southward  course  of 
at  least  130  miles. 

Yellow  Lake,  of  Alexandria  township,  Jefferson  co., 
N.!'.,  is  about  3  miles  long. 

YelloAV  Medicine,  med'i-sln,  a  county  in  the  S.W. 
part  of  Minnesota,  bordering  on  South  Dakota,  has  an  area 
of  about  612  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by 
the  Minnesota  River,  and  intersected  by  the  Lac  Qui  Parlo 
and  Yellow  Medicine  Rivers.  The  surface  is  undulating. 
The  soil  is  fertile.  It  is  traversed  by  the  Chicago  &  North- 
western Railroad.  Capital,  Granite  Falls.  Pop.  in  1880, 
5884;  in  1890,  9854. 

Yellow  Medicine,  a  post-township  of  Yellow  Medi- 
cine CO.,  Minn.,  30  miles  N.  of  Marshall.     Pop.  430. 

Yellow  Medicine  River,  Minnesota,  rises  near  the 
W.  boundary  of  the  state,  runs  in  an  E.N.E.  direction,  and 
enters  the  Minnesota  River  in  Yellow  Medicine  co.  It  is 
nearly  100  miles  long. 

YelloAV  Rabbit,  a  post-office  of  Benton  co..  Miss. 

YelloAV  River,  China.    See  Hoano-Ho. 

Yellow  River,  the  name  of  several  streams  in  Ire- 
land, tributaries  to  the  Moy  and  the  Boyne. 

Yellow  River,  or  Yellow  Water,  rises  in  the  S. 
part  of  Alabama,  and  passes  into  Florida,  in  which  it  runs 
southwestward  and  enters  Pensacola  Bay. 

Yellow  River,  Georgia,  rises  in  Gwinnett  co.,  runs 
nearly  southward,  and  unites  with  the  Ulcofauhatchee  River 
at  the  S.  extremity  of  Newton  co.  to  form  the  Ocmulgee. 

Yellow  River,  Indiana,  rises  in  Marshall  co.,  flows 
S.,  then  W.,  through  Starke  co.,  and  falls  into  the  Kankakee 
River  5  miles  W.  of  Knox. 

Yellow  River,  Wisconsin,  rises  near  the  E.  border  of 
Clark  CO.,  runs  southward  through  Wood  co.,  and  enters 
the  Wisconsin  River  in  Juneau  co.,  about  10  miles  N.E.  of 
New  Lisbon. 

Yellow  River,  of  Chippewa  co..  Wis.,  runs  S.W.,  and 
enters  the  Chippewa  River  6  miles  above  Chippewa  Falls. 

Yellow  River,  a  post-officoof  Gwinnett  co.,  Ga.,  about 
25  miles  E.N.E.  of  Atlanta. 

Yellow  River,  a  station  in  Allamakee  co.,  Iowa,  on 
the  Chicago,  Dubuque  &  Minnesota  Railroad,  23  miles  S. 
of  Lansing. 

Yel'low  Sea  (Chinese,  Whang-Hat,  hwing'hl'),  an 
extensive  inlet  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  on  the  N.E.  coast  of 
China,  between  lat.  33°  and  41°  N.,  Ion.  117°  22' and  127» 
10'  E.,  having  W.  the  Chinese  provinces  Kiang-Soo,  Shan- 
Toong,  and  Pe-Chee-Lec,  N.  Leao-Tong,  and  E.  the  ponin* 


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•uIa  of  Corea.  Length,  about  620  miles ;  grontost  breadth, 
•bout  400  miles.  North  and  N.W.  it  terminates  in  the 
Gulfs  of  Leoo-Tung  and  Pe-Cbee-Loo,  into  the  latter  of 
■which  flow  numerous  largo  and  important  rivers.  Two 
peninsulas  project  into  the  Yellow  Sea,  one  in  the  province 
of  Loao-Tong,  terminating  in  the  narrow  point  called  the 
"  Regent's  Sword  ;"  the  other  in  Shan-Toong,  terminating 
in  the  promontory  of  the  same  name.  On  the  E.  coast  are 
numerous  groups  of  islets,  part  of  which  are  included  iu 
the  Coroan  Archipelago.  Tno  Yellow  Sea  is  very  shallow, 
and  obtains  its  name  from  the  muddy  lemon-yellow  color 
of  its  water  near  the  land,  arising  from  the  nature  of  the 
bottom,  which  is  often  touched  by  vessels  navigating  the 
sea.  The  large  quantity  of  alluvium  continually  brought 
into  it  by  the  rivers  Hoang-Ho  and  Yang-tse-Kiang  causes 
it  gradually  to  decrease  in  depth.  No  cities  of  importance 
are  on  its  shores. 

Yellow  Spring,  a  post-hamlet  of  Blair  co.,  Pa.,  about 
14  miles  E.  of  Altoona. 

Yellow  Spring,  a  station  in  Lebanon  co.,  Pa.,  on  the 
Schuylkill  &,  Susquehanna  Railroad,  24  miles  N.E.  of  Ilar- 
risburg. 

Yellow  Spring,  a  post-office  of  Hampshire  co.,  W.  Va. 

Yellow  Springs,  a  post-village  of  Greene  co.,  0.,  in 
Miami  township,  on  the  Little  Miami  Railroad,  10  miles  N. 
of  Xcnia,  and  10  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Springfield.  It  is  noted 
for  the  beauty  of  its  scenery,  and  has  a  medicinal  spring 
which  discharges  100  gallons  of  water  in  a  minute.  It  con- 
t4vins  6  churches,  a  normal  school,  2  hotels,  and  Antiooh  Col- 
lege (non-sectarian),  which  was  organized  in  1859  and  is 
open  to  both  sexes.  This  college  has  14  instructors  and  a 
library  of  6000  volumes.  Yellow  Springs  is  a  summer  resort 
for  invalids.     Pop.  1435. 

Yellow  Springs,  a  post-office  of  Ilancook  co.,  Tenn., 
about  50  miles  N.N.E.  of  Knoxville. 

Yellow  Stone,  a  post-office  of  Lafayette  co..  Wis. 

Yel'lowstone  Lake,  Wyoming,  formerly  Sub- 
lette's Lake,  lies  at  tho  N.E.  base  of  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains, in  the  National  Park  of  tho  I'ellowstone,  at  an  eleva- 
tion of  7788  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Its  greatest 
extent  is  about  20  miles,  and  its  greatest  depth  is  300  feet. 
Its  outlet  is  the  Yellowstone  River,  which  issues  from  the 
northern  end  of  the  lake.  The  Upper  Yellowstone  River 
enters  at  the  opposite  side.  This  lake  is  surrounded  on 
several  sides  by  high  mountains,  among  which  are  Mount 
Sheridan  and  Mount  Langford. 

Yellowstone  Mountains,  Montana,  a  range  of 
mountains  extending  along  the  eastern  side  of  the  Yellow- 
stone River,  commencing  near  the  Lower  Cafion  and  ending 
abruptly  in  the  bend  of  the  Yellowstone,  near  the  entrance 
of  Shields  River.  It  is  described  by  Professor  Hayden  as 
"one  of  the  most  symmetrical  and  beautiful  ranges  of 
mountains  in  Montana."  The  altitude  of  Emigrant  Peak 
is  10,629  feet  above  the  soa-lcvel.  Tho  summits  of  this 
range  are  covered  with  perpetual  snow. 

Yellowstone  National  Park  is  mostly  in  Wyo- 
ming, and  includes  a  small  part  of  Montan.a.  It  is  about 
65  miles  long  and  55  miles  wide,  extending  from  lat.  44°  9' 
N.  to  45°  2'  2".  Its  eastern  boundary  is  about  Ion.  110° 
9'  W.,  and  its  western  boundary  is  Ion.  111°  14'  33"  AV. 
Area,  3578  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the  Yellow- 
stone River,  which  here  runs  northward,  and  it  is  drained 
by  the  head-streams  of  tho  Madison  and  Snake  Rivers. 
Tho  surface  is  diversified  by  grand  mountain-scenery, 
beautiful  lakes,  geysers,  hot  springs,  and  cataracts.  The 
mountains  are  of  volcanic  origin.  Among  the  highest 
peaks  are  Mount  Sheridan  and  Mount  Washburn.  Among 
the  most  admirable  features  of  the  park  are  the  grand 
Canon  of  the  Yellowstone,  and  the  cataract  which  that 
river  forms  at  the  head  of  the  canon,  where  it  contracts  to 
a  width  of  100  feet,  rushes  over  a  ledge  of  trachyte,  and 
falls  397  feet  at  one  leap.  This  is  called  the  Lower  Fall  of 
the  Yellowstone,  and  is  about  12  miles  N.  of  Yellowstone 
Lake.  About  half  a  mile  above  it  is  the  Upper  Fall,  which 
is  140  feet  high.  By  an  act  of  Congress,  passed  in  1872, 
this  tract  was  "  reserved  and  withdrawn  from  settlement, 
occupancy,  or  sale,"  and  "  set  apart  as  a  public  park  for  the 
benefit  and  enjoyment  of  the  people."  Numerous  geysers 
occur  in  the  W.  part  of  the  park,  some  of  which  eject  in- 
termittent jets  of  hot  water  to  a  height  of  250  feet. 

Yellowstone  River,  the  largest  afiluent  of  the  Mis- 
souri, rises  in  AVyoming,  in  the  "divide"  or  main  range  of  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  about  lat.  44°  N.  and  Ion.  110°  W.,  and, 
after  a  course  of  about  25  miles,  enters  Ykllowstose  Lakb 
(which  see),  at  an  altitude  of  7788  feet  above  the  sea-level. 
Issuing  from  the  northern  end  of  this  lake,  it  runs  north- 
ward through  tho  Yellowstone  National  Park,  and  forms  two 


grand  cataracts.  It  next  crosses  the  northern  boundary  rf 
the  National  Park,  nnd  enters  Montana,  in  which  it  rutH 
northward  through  a  mountainous  country  in  which  gold  \\ 
found.  It  passes  through  another  stupendous  cnflon,  called 
the  Lower  Canon,  which  is  3  miles  king  nnd  very  doop 
Near  the  mouth  of  Shields  River  it  emerges  from  tho  moun- 
tains into  the  plains,  and  runs  in  an  E.N.E.  direction  to  the 
mouth  of  Powder  River,  traversing  a  fertile  country,  in 
which  tho  cretaceous  and  tertiary  formations  prevail.*  It 
finally  flows  northeastward,  and  enters  the  Missouri  Hivcron 
the  AV.  boundary  of  Dakota,  about  1  mile  below  Fort  Union 
and  about  lat.  48°  N.  Its  length  is  estimated  at  1100  mikV 
Its  mouth  is  about  2000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  »«i 
Steamboats  can  ascend  it  to  the  mouth  of  the  Big  Horn  300 
miles  or  more,  during  high  water.  Its  largest  affluent  is 
tho  Big  Horn,  which  enters  from  the  right.  Tho  nsms 
Yellowstone  is  said  to  bo  derived  from  a  long  ridge  of  yellow 
sandstone  which  forms  the  steep  bluff  of  the  river  above  tb« 
mouth  of  the  Big  Horn. 

Yellow  Store,  a  post-office  of  Hawkins  co.,  Tcnn. 

Yellow  Sulphur,  a  post-office  of  Blount  co.,  Tenn. 

Yellow  Sulphur  Springs,  a  post-office  and  water 
ing-placeof  Montgomery  co.,  Va.,  3J  miles  from  Christians- 
burg,  and  80  miles  W.  of  Lynchburg.  Here  is  a  medicinal 
spring,  with  hotel  accommodations  for  about  500  guests. 

Yellow- Water,  Alabama  and  Florida.  See  Yellow 
RivBn. 

Yell'ville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Marion  co..  Ark., 
on  an  affluent  of  White  River,  about  120  miles  N.  by  \V.  of 
Little  Rock.  It  has  3  churches  nnd  an  academy.  Pop. 
about  400. 

Yelm,  ySlm,  a  post-office  of  Thurston  co.,  Washington, 
on  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad,  at  Yelm  Prairie  Station, 
26  miles  S.  of  Tacoma.     Coal  is  found  here. 

Yelnia,  Icluia,  Jelnia,  yil'ne-i,  or  Yclnn,  yil'nl, 
a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  43  miles  E.S.E.  of  Smo- 
lensk, on  the  Desna.     Pop.  3861. 

Yel'verton,  a  post-office  of  Hardin  co.,  0.,  on  the 
Cincinnati,  Sandusky  &,  Cleveland  Railroad,  9  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Kenton.     It  has  a  saw-mill. 

Yel'vington,  a  post-hamlct  of  Daviess  co.,  Ky.,  10 
miles  N.E.  of  Owensborough.     It  has  2  churches. 

Yemainah,  or  Yemamch,  yfim-i'ml,  a  district  of 
Nedjcd,  with  a  valley  (wady)  of  its  own  name,  regarded  ns 
the  garden  of  Arabia.     Lat.  about  24°  N. ;  Ion.  47°  30'  E. 

Yem^assee',  a  post-hamlet  of  Beaufort  co.,  S.C,  on 
the  Port  Royal  k  Augusta  Railroad  where  it  crosses  the  Sa- 
vannah <fe  Charleston  Railroad,  53  miles  W.  of  Charleston, 
and  25  miles  N.  by  AV.  of  Port  Royal. 

Yem'bo,  or  Yambo,  yim'bo,  a  maritime  town  of 
Arabia,  in  El  Hejaz,  on  a  low,  sandy,  and  bare  tract  near 
the  Red  Sea,  130  miles  S.AV.  of  Medina,  of  which  city  it  is 
the  port.  It  consists  of  about  1500  houses,  enclosed  by  a 
wall.  It  has  a  sheltered  harbor,  and  is  garrisoned  by 
Egyptian  troops ;  but  it  is  in  decay.  Yembo  is  a  place  of 
transit  for  pilgrims  from  Egypt  to  the  holy  cities  of  Arabia. 

Yemen,  yfim'cn,  a  principal  division  of  Arabia,  occu- 
pies the  S.AV,  angle  of  the  peninsula,  adjacent  to  the  Strait 
of  Bab-el-Mandeb.  It  was  known  to  the  Romans  as  Arabia 
Felix,  the  "Happy  or  Fortunate  Arabia."  Yemen,  in  tho 
widest  sense,  is  bounded  AV.  by  the  Red  Sea,  S.  by  the  Gulf 
of  Aden,  N.  by  El  Hejaz  and  Nedjed,  and  E.  by  Hadramaut, 
the  portion  next  the  Red  Sea  being  called  Tehama.  It  con- 
sists mostly  of  an  arid  plain,  but  the  interior  is  mountain- 
ous. Chief  products,  myrrh  and  coffee.  Principal  towns, 
Sana,  Mocha,  and  Aden,  the  last  now  a  British  station. 
Banks  of  coral  line  the  sea-shore,  and,  wherever  they  leave 
an  opening,  afford  secure  anchorage  within.  Pop.  about 
2,250,000. 

Yemtsa,  lemtsa,  Jemtza,  y^mt'sA,  or  Emtza,  a 
river  of  Russia,  government  of  Archangel,  joins  the  Dwina 
on  the  left.     Length,  95  miles. 

Yenangyoung,  yin'ing-ySwng',  a  town  of  Burmah, 
on  the  Irrawadd}',  60  miles  S.AV,  of  Ava.  It  is  a  great 
depot  of  petroleum,  here  largely  obtained.     Pop.  8000. 

Yen- Chow,  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Shan-Toong, 
75  miles  S.  of  Tsee-Nan. 

Yen-Chow-Foo,  yfin-chCwToo',  or  Yen-Tcheoa- 
Fon,  y8n*chfi-oo*foo',  a  town  of  China,  province  of  Che- 
Kiang,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Hoei-Choo  or  Green  River 
with  the  Tsien-Tang-Kiang,  about  75  miles  S.A\\  of  Hang- 
Chow- Foo.  Lat.  29°  37'  N.;  Ion.  119°  32'  E.  It  has  manu- 
factures of  lacquered  ware,  and  a  little  below  the  town  are 
two  handsome  pagodas. 

Yendi,  ySn'dee,  a  town  of  Africa,  240  miles  N.  of  the 
Bight  of  Benin.     Pop.  4000. 

Yendovichtska,  Jendovichtska,  ydn-do-vcechf' 


YEN 


2875 


YES 


ikl,  or  Endovichtcha,  a  town  of  Russia,  govornmcnt 
and  8  miles  W.N.W.  of  Voronezli,  near  the  Don. 

Ycndiia,  y6n-doo'A,  ono  of  the  Fecjce  Islands,  South 
Piicifio  Oc«an,  W.  of  Sandalwood  Bay.  Lat.  16°  50'  S. ; 
Ion.  178°  14'  W.  It  is  about  12  uiles  in  cirtsuit.  On  theS. 
of  it  is  Porpoise  Harbor. 

Ycngaii,  a  town  of  China.     See  Yex-Ngan-Foo. 
Yeiigi-IIissar,  ying'ee  his^sar',    or    Ycngishar, 
y6ng"is-har'  ("  new  castle"),  a  town  of  Chinese  Toorkistan, 
85  miles  AV.N.'W.  of  Yarkand,  on  the  route  to  Kashgar. 

Yeni,  yin'cc',  or  Yengi,  j'Sng'ee',  a  Turkish  word 
signifying  "  new,"  forming  the  prefl.K  of  various  names. 

Yeni-Bazar,  or  Jcni-Bazar,  yin'ce'  bi-zar',  a 
market-town  of  Bulgaria,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Shoomla.  Pop. 
8000.     It  has  warm  baths. 

Yeni-Bazar,  a  town  of  Bosnia.     See  Novi-Bazar. 

Yenidje,  Ycnidge,  yi'nee-ji  or  y6n'ij-6,  or  Yen- 
Itljc-Vardar,  yi'nce-jA  van'daR',  a  town  of  European 
Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  25  miles  AV.N.W.  of  Salonica,  with 
numerous  mosques  and  schools.  Near  it  are  the  ruins  of 
the  town  of  Pella,  the  birthplace  of  Alexander  the  Great. 

Yenidje  (or  Jenidge),  Lake.    See  Langaza, 

Y'enidje  Kara-Soo  (-Sou  or  -Su),  yi'nee-ji  Wrk 
soo,  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  98  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Gallipoli,  near  the  Gulf  of  Lagos.     Pop.  2500. 

Yenidje  (or  Jenidge)  KizilagatU,  yi'nec-ji  kiz'- 
il-l-gldj',  a  town  of  European  Turkey,  in  Roumelia,  on  the 
Too nj a,  .32  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Adrianople.     Pop.  2300. 

Yenijah,  y5n'e-ji\  a  village  of  Persia,  province  of 
Azerbaijan,  18  miles  E.  of  Tukhti  Suleiman. 

Yenijah,  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  pashalio  and  25  miles 
N.E.  of  Seevas. 

Yenikale,  lenikale,  or  Jenikale,  ySn^e-kl'li, 
written  also  Janiknl,  Jenikal,  or  Enikale,  a  fortified 
town  of  South  Russia,  government  of  Taurida,  Crimea,  on 
the  N.W.  point  of  the  peninsula  of  Keitch,  65  miles  E.S.E. 
of  Katfa.  Pop.  1700.  It  is  defended  by  a  strong  citadel, 
and  has  remains  of  the  ancient  Onhmion. 

Yenikale,  Jenikale,  or  Enikale,  Strait  of, 
known  to  the  ancients  as  the  Cimme'rian  Bos'porus 
(Cimme'riua  Bos'porua),  the  strait  connecting  the  Sea  of 
Azof  with  the  Black  Sea.  Length,  20  miles  ;  breadth,  8  to 
10  miles.  Where  shallowest,  it  is  stated  to  be  only  13  feet 
in  depth.  The  town  of  Yenikale  is  on  Its  W.  side.  See 
Bi.ACK  Sea,  and  Azof. 

Yenisei,  lenisei,  Jenisei,  ySn'e-si'o  or  y8n'e-si', 
or  Enisei,  in-e-si'e,  written  also  Jcnisey,  one  of  the 
great  rivers  of  Siberia,  its  basin  lying  between  those  of  the 
Obi  and  Lena  and  estimated  to  comprise  an  area  of  1,000,000 
square  miles.  It  rises  in  Mongolia,  Chinese  Empire,  about 
lat.  51°  N.,  Ion.  98°  E.,  flows  at  first  W.  to  the  Russian 
frontier,  and  afterwards  holds  a  northward  course  to  its 
wide  estuary  in  the  Arctic  Ocean,  lat.  72°  30'  N.,  Ion.  85° 
E.,  200  miles  E.  of  the  mouth  of  the  Obi.  Total  course  es- 
timated at  2500  miles.  It  traverses  the  centre  of  the  gov- 
ernment of  Yeniseisk,  and  receives,  by  its  principal  tribu- 
tary the  Angara,  the  surplus  waters  of  Lake  Baikal.  On  its 
banks  arc  the  towns  of  Abakansk,  Krasnoyarsk,  Yeniseisk, 
and  Toorookhansk.  It  is  of  great  breadth;  but  it  flows 
mostly  through  a  frozen  desert. 

Yenisei,  Bay  of,  the  estuary  formed  by  the  river 
Yenisei  at  its  junction  with  the  Arctic  Ocean,  extends 
between  lat.  69°  30'  and  73°  N.  and  Ion.  85°  and  89°  E. 
Breadth  at  entrance,  30  miles.     It  abounds  with  islands. 

Yeniseisk,  leniseisk,  or  Jeniseisk,  yfin'e-s4sk' 
or  yen'e-si'isk,  a  vast  government  of  Asiatic  Russia,  com- 
prised in  East  Siberia,  between  Ion.  80°  and  107°  E.,  and 
extending  from  lat.  51°  northward,  having  W.  the  govern- 
ments of  Tomsk  and  Tobolsk,  E.  Irkootsk  and  the  province 
of  Yakootsk,  and  S.  the  Khalkas  country  (Chinese  domin- 
ions), from  which  last  it  is  separated  by  a  lofty  mountain- 
chain  connected  with  the  Altai.  Area,  992,8.32  square  miles. 
Its  extent  is  nearly  commensurate  with  the  basin  of  the 
Yenisei.  Pop.  372,802.  Surface  mountainous  in  the  S., 
where  are  most  of  its  towns  and  settled  tracts,  with  some 
extensive  forests ;  it  progressively  declines  northward  into 
a  desert  region,  peopled  only  by  scattered  Toongooses,  Os- 
tiaks,  Yakoots,  and  Samoieds.  Its  principal  wealth  is  in 
the  precious  metals,  the  country  between  the  Yenisei  and 
Angara  being  the  richest  gold-washing  tract  in  the  E.  part 
of  Russian  Asia.  Principal  towns,  Krasnoyarsk  (the  capi- 
tal), Abakansk,  Atchinsk,  and  Yeniseisk. 

Yeniseisk,  leniseisk,  or  Jeniseisk,  a  city  of  Asi- 
atic Russia,  on  the  Yenisei,  in  lat.  58°  27'  17"  N.,  Ion.  92° 
](>'48"  E.  Pop.  7181.  It  has  several  churches  and  con- 
vents, a  custom-house,  and  an  arsenal,  with  an  active 
export  trade  in  furs  and  in  Chinese  produce.  i 


Yeni  Sheh*r  ("new  city"),  several  village*  of  Asift 
Minor,  two  occupying  the  site  of  the  ancient  Antiochia 
and  Magnem'a  ad  Meandrum.     See  also  Larima. 

Yenne,  yfinn  (ano.  Ejnn'na  t),  a  town  of  France,  in 
Savoy,  on  the  Rhone,  12  miles  N.W.  of  Chambiry.  It  has 
flour-mills  and  tanneries.     Pop.  2880. 

Yen-Ngan-Foo,  yin'-wgAn-foo',  or  Yen^gan',  % 
town  of  China,  in  Shen-Seo,  capital  of  a  department. 

Yenotnjewsk,  yi-no-ti-ySvsk',  a  town  of  Russia,  in 
Astrakhan,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Volga.     Pop.  1877. 

Yen-Ping,  a  city  of  China,  province  of  Fo-Kien,  on 
the  Min  River,  90  miles  N.W.  of  Foo-Choo. 

Yen-Tcheou-Fon.    See  YE!»-Cnow-Foo. 

Yeo,  a  river  of  England.    See  Ivei,. 

Yeoman,  yo'man,  a  post-office  of  Carroll  oo.,  N.C. 

Yeomnndung,  or  Yeomandong.  See  Yoomapuxo. 

Yeoo,  Yeou,  or  Yen,  yi-oo',  a  considerable  river  of 
Central  Africa,  flows  N.  by  E.  nearly  300  miles,  and  falls 
into  the  W.  side  of  Lake  Chad. 

Yeoo,  or  Yeon,  a  walled  town  of  Central  Africa,  at 
the  mouth  of  the  above  river.  It  is  of  considerable  size, 
and  neatly  built  of  huts. 

Yeoo-Lin,  or  Ycou-Lin,  yi-oo'-l'yoo,  and  Yeoo- 
Liin,  or  Ycou-Lun,  yA-oo'-lQn,  two  islands  between 
Kioo-Sioo  and  the  Loo-Choo  Islands,  respectively  belong  to 
China  and  Japan. 

Yeovil,  yO'vil,  a  market-town  and  borough  of  England, 
CO.  of  Somerset,  on  the  Ivel,  near  the  borders  of  Dorset- 
shire, with  stations  on  branch  lines  of  the  Great  Western 
and  London  <fc  Southwestern  Railways,  6  miles  W.  of  Sher- 
borne. Pop.  of  the  borough,  8527.  It  has  a  church  with 
an  ancient  crypt,  and  a  union  workhouse.  Leather-dressing 
and  some  woollen-manufactures  are  carried  on. 

Yepes,  yA'pSs  (anc.  hpi'num  t),  a  town  of  Spain,  prov- 
ince and  22  miles  E.  of  Toledo.  Pop.  3036.  The  wines  of 
Yepes  are  in  much  request.  This  is  the  site  of  the  ancient 
Hippo,  where  the  Celtiberians  defeated  the  Roman  praetors 
C.  Calpurnius  and  L.  Quintus,  who  had  5000  men  slain. 

Yepifan,  Jepifan,  y6p-e-f4n',  or  Jepitan,  yip-e- 
tln',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  49  miles  S.R  of 
Toola,  on  the  Don.     Pop.  2697. 

Yeraboloos,  or  Yerabolns,  ySr-i'bo-loos,  a  site  in 
North  Syria,  pashalic  and  60  miles  N.E.  of  Aleppo,  on  the 
W.  bank  of  the  Euphrates,  where  various  ruins  are  scattered 
over  a  mound  supposed  to  indicate  the  ancient  Hierapolii. 

Y6res,  yaiR,  a  river  of  France,  in  Seine-et-Mame  and 
Scine-et-Oise,  joins  the  Seine  at  A''illeneuve-Saint-Qeorgcs, 
10  miles  S.S.E.  of  Paris,  after  a  W.  course  of  50  miles. 

Ydrcs,  a  river  of  France,  in  Seine-Inferieurc,  enters 
the  English  Channel  near  Dieppe,  after  a  N.  course  of  20 
miles. 

Yeres,  a  village  of  France,  on  a  river  of  its  own  name, 
in  Scine-et-Oise,  near  Corbeil.     Pop.  1526. 

Yerim,  yi'rim*,  a  small  town  of  Arabia,  district  of 
Yemen,  75  miles  S.E.  of  Sana.     It  has  a  strong  hill-fort, 

Yer'kes,  a  station  in  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  on  the  Pcr- 
kiomen  Railroad,  IJ  miles  S.  of  Collegeville. 

Yer'kesville,  a  hamlet  of  Montgomery  co..  Pa.,  in 
Moreland  township,  13  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Philadelphia.  It 
has  a  cotton-factory. 

Yer'ma  (anc.  Ger'mat),  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  on  an 
affluent  of  the  Sakareeyah  (anc.  Sangariits),  66  miles  S.W. 
of  Angora.  It  was  anciently  a  Roman  colony,  and  it  haa 
numerous  remains  of  antiquity,  with  mineral  baths. 

Ycrmaloflf,  an  island,  Low  Archipelago.    See  Holt. 

Yeroslan,  Icroslan,  or  Jeroslan,  yA-ro-sl4n', 
written  also  Eruslan  and  Jeraslon,  a  river  of  Russia, 
rises  in  the  government  and  about  70  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sara- 
tov, and,  after  a  course  of  nearly  ISO  miles,  joins  the 
Volga  18  miles  above  Kamishin.  Its  principal  affluent  is 
the  Torgun. 

YcrvillC,  ySR'vecl',  a  village  of  France,  in  Seine- 
Infcrieure,  5  miles  E.  of  Yvetot.     Pop.  1748. 

Yeshil-Irmak,  or  Ycchil-Irmak,  ySsh'il-ir'mJk 
or  ir'nidk',  written  also  Jeschil-Ermak  and  Jckii- 
Irmak,  i.e.,  "  green  river"  (anc.  /n't),  a  river  of  Asia 
Minor,  pashalic  of  Seevas,  after  a  tortuous  N.  course  of  200 
miles,  enters  the  Black  Sea  12  miles  E.  of  Samsoon.  On  itJ 
banks  are  the  towns  of  Tok.at,  Amasia,  and  Charshumbo. 
Chief  affluent,  the  Keiki  (anc.  Lij'cut),  from  the  E.,  which 
has  a  longer  course  than  the  river  to  which  it  is  tributary. 

Yeshil-Kooi,  or  Yeschil-Kul,  yfish'il-kool  (i.e., 
"green  lake"),  a  lake  of  Chinese  Toorkistan,  20  miles  N.E. 
of  Kiria.  Lat.  36°  10'  N.;  Ion.  83°  50'  E.  Length,  from 
E.  to  W.,  30  miles.  It  receives  several  rivers,  and  disposes 
of  its  surplus  waters  by  evaporation. 
YesM),  Jcsso,  ySs'so,  or Ycz'o,  written  also  Icso,  and 


TSS 


2876 


YOL 


■ometimea  called  Alatsniai,  inAta-ini',  one  of  tho  largest  of 
the  Japanese  Islands,  between  lat.  41°  21'  and  45°  3U'  N.  and 
Ion.  140°  and  146°  K.,  Boparatod  on  the  S.  from  Hondo  by 
the  Strait  of  Sangar,  and  N.  from  tho  island  of  Saghalin 
by  La  Purouse  Channel.  Estimated  area,  62,500  square 
miles,  A  rugged  mountain-chain  traverses  it  from  N.  to  S., 
and  it  contains  active  and  e.xtinct  volcanoes,  is  well  watered, 
and  has  ooiiats  indented  by  numerous  bays  and  harbors,  the 
best  of  which  are  Volcano  and  I^hikari  Bays.  Its  N.  part 
is  very  fertile.  The  products  comprise  wheat,  rice,  hemp, 
tobacco,  fruits,  oak,  elm,  and  birch  timber,  and  large  quan- 
tities of  dried  salmon  and  other  fish.  There  are  some  val- 
uable mines  of  gold  and  silver.  Coal  and  iron  abound,  and 
copper,  zinc,  and  lead  occur.  The  principal  city  is  Matsmai, 
near  tho  S.  coast.  Pop.  about  120,000.  The  Sthait  op 
Yesso,  between  this  island  and  Koonasheer,  is  12  miles 
across. 

Yestc,  yfis'ti,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  50  miles 
S.W.  of  Albacete.  Pop.  1601.  It  has  manufactures  of 
woollens,  and  near  it  are  medicinal  baths. 

Ycster,  a  village  of  Scotland.    See  Gifford. 

Yethan,  a  river  of  Scotland.     See  Ythan. 

Yetholm,  yStb'9lm,  a  parish  of  Scotland,  in  the  N.E. 
part  of  the  co.  of  Roxburgh,  with  two  contiguous  villages, 
Kirk-Yetholm  and  Town-Yctholm,  on  the  Beaumont,  8 
miles  S.E.  of  Kelso.     Pop.  1100. 

Yeu,  a  river  of  Africa.    See  Yeoo. 

Yeu,  an  island  of  France.    See  Isle  Dibit. 

Y6vre,  y5v'r,  a  river  of  France,  in  Cher,  flows  S.W., 
and  joins  the  Cher  near  Viorzon. 

Yevst,  levst,  Jevst,  Jewst,  yJvst,  or  Evst,  a  river 
of  Russia,  rises  in  the  E.  of  the  government  of  Livonia, 
flows  S.S.W.,  and,  after  a  course  of  nearly  60  miles,  joins 
tho  right  bank  of  the  Diina  at  the  N.W.  extremity  of  the 
government  of  Vitebsk. 

Yewndoun,  yun'doon',  or  Yan^doon',  a  town  of 
British  Burmab,  on  the  Irrawaddy,  16  miles  N.N.W.  of 
Prome.     Pop.  9680. 

Yewiigbenza,  Burmah.    See  Youncbenza. 

Yezd,  yfizd,  a  city  of  Persia,  capital  of  a  province,  near 
the  E.  foot  of  a  mountain-range  in  the  Persian  desert. 
Lat.  32°  10'  N. ;  Ion.  56°  E.  Its  walls  are,  exclusive  of 
ft  cit.-vdel,  separately  fortified,  and  surrounded  by  a  deep 
trench.  Its  bazaars  are  spacious,  and  it  has  flourishing 
manufactures  of  velvets  and  other  silk  fabrics,  cotton  and 
woollen  goods,  arms,  and  loaf-sugar.  Provisions  are  dear, 
owing  to  tho  sterility  of  the  country  everywhere  around  it, 
and  tho  grain  consumed  has  mostly  to  be  brought  from  Ispa- 
han. Among  the  population  are  many  Parsees,  or  Ghehers, 
(fire-worshippers),  this  being  nearly  the  only  place  in 
Persia  which  they  inhabit.     Pop.  40,000. 

Yezd,  a  province  of  Central  Persia,  bounded  N.  by 
Khorassan,  E.  by  Khorassan  and  Herman,  S.  by  Kerman 
and  Fars,  and  W.  by  Irak-Ajemce.  Principal  towns,  Yezd 
(the  capital)  and  Taft. 

Yczdikhast,  or  Yezdikast,  yfizMe-kUst',  written 
also  Jesdichuast  and  Jesdikast,  a  town  of  Persia, 
province  of  Fars,  on  the  border  of  Irak-Ajemee,  75  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Ispahan.  Pop.  2000.  It  stands  on  a  rocky 
height  enclosed  by  a  brick  wall.  A  good  deal  of  cotton 
and  rice  is  raised  in  this  neighborhood. 

Yezo,  an  island  of  Japan.     Sec  Yesso. 

Yiflniac,  eerfeo'ne-4k',  a  village  of  France,  in  CStes- 
du-Nord,  4  miles  E.S.E.  of  Saint-Brieuc. 

Ygrande,  ee'grft.Nd',  a  market-town  of  France,  depart- 
ment of  Allier,  18  miles  AV.  of  Moulins.     Pop.  1915. 

Yic,  yeck,  a  river  of  Uruguay,  flows  W.,  and  joins  the 
Rio  Negro,  after  a  course  of  120  miles. 

Yi-Chow,  yee'chSw',  a  town  of  China,  in  Shan-Toong, 
140  miles  S.E.  of  Tsee-Nan. 

Yimmang,  a  river  of  Australia.    See  Pateusox. 

Ying-Tszu,  ying'tzoo',  a  town  of  Chinese  Manchoo- 
ria,  on  the  river  Liaou,  near  its  mouth  in  the  Gulf  of  Leao- 
Tong,  and  about  17  miles  below  New-Chwang,  of  which 
town  it  is  the  port.  It  is  the  seat  of  an  active  foreign 
trade.     Pop.  10,000. 

Yin-Lin-Kan,  yinMin'kin',  a  large  bay  on  the  S.  side 
of  tho  island  of  Ilainan,  China  Sea,  afibrding  the  best 
anchorage  on  the  coast  of  that  island. 

Yki,  ik'ee,  an  island  of  Japan,  in  the  Strait  of  Corea, 
15  miles  N.AV.  of  Kioo-Sioo.     Length,  15  miles. 

Ykima,  ik^ee'mH,  one  of  the  Madjicosima  Islands, 
China  Sea,  22  miles  S.  of  Typinsan. 

Ylo,  a  town  of  Peru.     See  Ilo. 

YloCf  or  Iloe,  e-lo-A',  one  of  the  Calamianea  Islands, 
Malay  Archipelago,  N.E.  of  Palawan.  Area,  65  square 
miles. 


Yloilo,  or  Yloylo,  Philippine  Islands.    See  Iix)iu). 

Ylopango,  e-lo-p4ng'go,  a  lake  of  San  Salvador,  gtule 
and  6  miles  K.  of  the  city  of  San  Salvador,  about  tf  milus 
long  by  3  miles  broad.  It  is  very  steep  and  rugged  on  iti 
N.  and  S.  sides,  of  great  dejith,  and  with  all  tho  upjicar- 
ances  of  an  extinct  crater.  The  water  when  at  rest  is  of  an 
azure  hue,  but  when  agitated  assumes  a  parrot-green  color 
and  exhales  a  sulphurous  odor. 

Ylst,  or  Ijlst,  list,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Fries 
land,  14  miles  W.S.W,  of  Sneek.     Pop.  1556. 

Yugaren,  Ung'gi-r^n,  a  lake  of  Sweden,  lien  of  Ny- 
koping,  20  miles  long  by  5  miles  broad.  It  discharges  iu 
surplus  waters  into  the  Baltic. 

Yoakum,  yo'kum,  a  county  in  the  N.W.  of  Texas,  on 
the  Staked  Plain,  bounded  W.  by  New  Mexico.  Area,  840 
square  miles.     Pop.  in  1890,  4. 

Yocalla,  yo-k4ry&,a  town  of  Bolivia, department  and 
15  miles  W.S.W.  of  Potosi. 

Yoch,  yok,  a  station  in  St.  Clair  co.,  111.,  on  the  Illi- 
nois <t  St.  Louis  Railroad,  13  miles  S.E.  of  St.  Louis. 

Yock^anock'any  Creek,  Mississippi,  rise*  in  Choc- 
taw CO.,  runs  in  a  S.S.W.  direction  through  Attala  co.,  and 
enters  Pearl  River  about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Carthage. 

Yock'eney  River,  or  YockMiapatalTa  Creek, 
Mississipjtji,  runs  westward  through  Lafayette  co.,  and  en- 
ters  the  Tallahatchee  River  near  the  S.W.  corner  of  Panola 
CO.     It  is  nearly  100  miles  long. 

Yo'cum,  a  post-oflice  of  Morgan  co.,  Ky.,  74  miles  E. 
of  Lexington. 

Yo'cumtown,  a  post-hamlet  of  York  co..  Pa.,  9  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Ilarrisburg.  It  has  a  church,  a  tannery,  a  wool- 
len-factory, and  a  flour-mill. 

Yo'cumville,  a  post-oflice  of  Siskiyou  co.,  Cal. 

Yo'der,  a  township  of  Cambria  co..  Pa.     Pop.  1632. 

Yoder,  a  station  in  Somerset  co..  Pa.,  on  the  railroad 
from  Pittsburg  to  Cumberland,  Md.,  4  miles  N.W.  of 
Meyersdale. 

Yo'do,  a  town  of  Japan,  island  of  Hondo,  5  miles  S.W. 
of  Kioto. 

Yohoghany,  Westmoreland   co..   Pa.     See  Sha.xer, 

also  YOUGHIOGUENY  RiVER. 

Yokaitz,  yo-kits',  a  town  of  Japan,  island  of  Hondo, 
on  Ovari  Bay.     Pop.  4000, 

Yokohama,  yo-ko-hi'mi  (i.e.,"  cross  shore"),  a  foreign 
settlement  in  Japan,  on  tho  E.  coast  of  Hondo  Island,  in 
Yeddo  Bay,  17  miles  S.  of  the  city  of  Tokio,  in  lat.  36°  20' 
50"  N.,  Ion.  139°  40'  27"  E.  The  city  is  isolated  from  the 
interior  by  a  deep  canal  that  bounds  it  on  the  S.  and  W. 
It  consists  of  a  number  of  streets  running  N.  and  S.  and 
intersected  by  short  cross-streets.  The  large  custom-hou.so, 
the  bund  or  quay,  with  its  English  and  French  landing- 
places,  the  English  naval  yard  at  the  entrance  to  the  canal, 
and  Curio  street,  with  its  characteristic  shops,  in  which 
beautiful  specimens  of  lacquer-ware,  bronze  and  inlaid  work, 
ivory  carvings,  Ac,  are  sold,  are  among  the  chief  features. 
In  1872  gas  was  introduced.  The  newer  buildings  and  im- 
provements comprise  a  large  city  hall,  an  imperial  post- 
oflSce,  railway  station,  race-course,  public  garden,  and  large 
wide  streets,  with  fine  shops.  It  has  also  7  churches,  5 
banks,  4  hospitals,  public  gardens,  and  gas-works.  The 
city  is  connected  with  Tokio  by  telegraph ;  the  messages 
are  transmitted  in  Japanese,  and  the  instruments  worked 
expertly  by  the  natives.  Two  daily  papers  are  published 
in  English.  Yokohama  was  a  small  fishing-village  in  1854. 
It  became  the  seat  of  the  foreign  residents  in  1859,  instead 
of  Kanagawa,  the  port  selected  and  agreed  upon  by  treaty, 
and  in  1872  it  had  61,553  inhabitants.  Notwithstanding 
many  drawbacks,  commerce  has  gradually  increased,  and 
there  is  now  a  considerable  trafiic  in  tea,  silk,  cotton,  flax, 
tobacco,  oil,  wax,  timber,  sea-weed,  dried  fish,  Ac,  under 
British,  Dutch,  American,  Prussian,  French,  and  Russian 
flags.  The  city  was  nearly  ruined  by  fire  in  1860,  and 
again  on  November  26,  1866,  but  has  since  been  rebuilt  on 
the  original  plan.     Pop.  in  1884,  70,019;  in  1890, 121,985. 

Yokum  Station,  a  post-ofiice  of  Lee  co.,  Va. 

Yola,  yo'14,  a  city  of  Central  Africa,  capital  of  the  king- 
dom of  Adamawa  or  Fumbina,  232  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Kooka, 
in  a  swampy  plain,  inundated  during  the  rainy  season  by 
an  inlet  of  the  Benuwd.  It  covers  a  large  area,  about  2i 
miles  from  E.  to  W.  by  IJ  miles  from  N.  to  S. 

Yo'lo,  a  county  in  the  N.  central  part  of  California, 
has  an  area  of  about  1000  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on 
the  E.  by  the  Sacramento  River,  and  on  the  S.  by  Putah 
Creek,  and  is  drained  by  Cache  Creek.  The  surface  of  the 
eastern  half  is  level,  and  nearly  destitute  of  forest  trees. 
The  western  part  is  hilly,  and  is  separated  from  the  eastern 
plain   by  undulating  prairies.     The  soil   is   very  fertile. 


YOL 


2877 


YOR 


Wheat,  barley,  wool,  hay,  cattle,  and  pork  are  the  staple 
products.  The  prosperity  of  the  county  depends  almost 
exclusively  on  agriculture.  Timber  is  very  scarce  here, 
except  the  cottonwood,  sycamore,  and  willow,  which  grow 
on  the  margins  of  the  streams.  This  county  is  traversed 
by  the  California  Pacific  and  California  Northern  Rail- 
roads. Capital,  Woodland.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal 
estate,  $12,889,847.  Pop.  in  1870,  9899,  of  whom  7778 
were  Americans;  in  1880,  11,772. 

Yolo,  Yolo  CO.,  Cal.    See  Cachevili.e. 

Yoloin'bo,  a  town  of  the  United  States  of  Colombia, 
state  of  Cundinamaroa,  N.N.W.  of  Bogota.     Pop.  1000. 

Yom'ber  Island,  one  of  the  Bissagos  Islands,  off  the 
W.  coast  of  Africa,  30  miles  S.  of  Bulama,  and  separated 
from  the  mainland  by  a  dangerous  channel,  15  miles  across. 

Yon,  ybif,  a  small  river  of  Franco,  in  Vend6e,  after  a 
S.W.  course  of  40  miles,  joins  the  Lay. 

Yoncalla,  yon'kdl-la,  a  post-hamlet  of  Douglas  co., 
Oregon,  on  the  Oregon  <fc  California  Railroad,  43  miles  S. 
of  Eugene  City.     It  is  in  a  rich  farming-district,  and  has 

1  or  2  churches,  an  academy,  and  2  stores. 
Yongesborou^h,  yvingz'biir-rflh,  a  post-hamlet  and 

Bhip])ing-point  of  Lee  co.,  Ala.,  on  the  Western  Railroad 
of  Alabama,  at  Yonge's  Station,  and  at  the  junction  of  a 
short  branch,  4  miles  S.E.  of  Opelika.  It  has  2  or  3 
ch\irches.     Much  lime  is  shipped  hero. 

Yongorie,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Poost-Ozersk. 

Yong-Tchang,  a  city  of  China.    Sco  I'uno-Tchang. 

Yonguesville,  yiingz'vll,  a  hamlet  of  Fairfield  co., 
S.C.,  on  the  Charlotte,  Columbia  &  Augusta  Railroad,  about 
60  miles  N.  of  Columbia.     Here  is  Woodward  Post-Office. 

Yonkers,  ySnk'^rz,  a  city  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  on 
the  Hudson  River,  opposite  the  Palisades,  and  on  the  Hud- 
son River  Railroad  and  the  New  York  <t  Northern  Rail- 
road, 15  miles  N.  by  E.  of  the  Grand  Central  Depot  in  New 
York.    It  contains  16  churches,  11  schools,  a  superior  hotel, 

2  national  banks,  2  savings-banks,  numerous  handsome 
villas,  6  newspaper  oflSces,  an  academy,  2  machine-shops, 

3  silk-factories,  3  hat-factories,  and  manufactures  of  carpets, 
mowing-machines,  and  elevators.  In  1890,  according  to 
the  census,  Yonkers  had  engaged  in  its  various  industries 
capital  to  the  amount  of  $11,503,074,  and  the  product  was 
$23,024,028.  Many  merchants  of  New  York  City  reside 
here.     Pop.  in  1880,  18,892  ;  in  1890,  32,088. 

Yonne,  yonn,  a  river  of  France,  rises  in  the  E.  of  the 
department  of  Nifivre,  flows  N.  past  Clamecy,  Auxerre, 
Joigny,  Villeneuve-sur-Yonne,  Sens,  and  Pont-sur- Yonne, 
and  joins  the  Seine  at  Montereau.  Length,  155  miles. 
Chief  affluent,  the  Armanjon,  on  the  right.  It  is  con- 
nected with  the  Seine  by  the  Canal  of  Burgundy,  and  with 
the  Loire  by  that  of  Nivernais. 

Yonne,  a  department  in  the  N.E.  of  France,  formed  of 
part  of  the  old  province  of  Burgundy,  between  the  depart- 
ments of  Seine-et-Marne,  Loiret,  NiSvre,  C&te-d'Or,  and 
Aube.  Area,  2868  square  miles.  Pop.  in  1881,  357,029. 
Surface  undulating,  with  rich  pasture -lands.  Chief  rivers, 
the  Yonne,  with  its  affluents  the  Cure,  Armanfon,  and 
Vannes.  The  soil  is  rich  in  grain,  and  produces  excellent 
wine.  The  chief  mineral  products  are  iron,  lithographic 
stones,  granite,  marble,  and  ochre.  The  department  is 
traversed  by  the  railway  from  Paris  to  Lyons.  The  manu- 
factures comprise  woollen  and  cotton  cloths,  beet  sugar, 
leather,  paper,  crockery,  <fcc.  The  principal  exports  are 
timber,  grain,  and  wine.     Capital,  Auxerre. 

Yoodoma,  loudoma,  or  Judoma,  yoo-do'm&,  a 
river  of  Siberia,  rises  in  the  mountains  of  Okhotsk,  in  lat. 
60°  30'  N.  and  Ion.  140°  E.,  flows  S.S.W.,  and  joins  the 
Maia  after  an  impetuous  course  of  about  170  miles. 

Yoodra,  the  Burmese  name  of  Siam. 

Yoog,  long,  Jong,  or  Jug,  yoog,  a  river  of  Russia, 
after  a  N.N.E.  course  of  about  220  miles,  joins  the  Sook- 
hona  a  little  below  the  town  of  Oostioog  Vclikee. 

Yoogan  (lougan  or  Yugan)  Bolshoi,  yoo-gJn' 
bol-shoi',  a  river  of  Asiatic  Russia,  rises  in  the  government 
of  Tobolsk,  lat.  68°  N.  and  Ion.  75°  E.,  flows  N.N.W.,  and 
joins  the  Obi  20  miles  S.W.  of  Soorgoot.  Length,  about 
228  miles. 

Yookhnov,  loukhnov,  or  Juchnow,  yooK-nov',  a 
town  of  Russia,  government  of  Smolensk,  on  the  Oogra,  45 
uiilos  S.E.  of  Viazma.     Pop. 3072. 

Yookhnovka,  loukhnovka,  or  Jnchnowka, 
yooK-nov'ki,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  N.E.  of 
Minsk. 

Yooloong-Shan,  China.     See  Siue-Shakt. 

Yooin^adiing',  a  mountain-range  of  Farther  India, 
stretching  nearly  duo  N.  from  Cape  Negrais,  in  lat.  16°  N., 
through  British  Burmah,  and  between  Araoan  and  Ava,  to 


lat.  22°  N.  It  is  the  southern  continuation  of  a  great 
mountain-chain  which  commences  in  the  S.  of  Assam. 
Its  highest  summit  has  an  elevation  of  about  8000  feet. 

Yoonaska,  or  Younaska,  yoo-n&s'k&,  one  of  tbe 
Aleutian  Islands,  lat.  52°  40'  N.,  Ion.  170°  15'  W.,  about 
15  miles  long  from  N.E.  to  S.W.,  with  a  high  mountain  in 
the  centre. 

Yoorboorg,  lonrbonrg,  Jnrbnrg,  or  Yurbnrg, 
yoon'booRg',  or  Georgenbourg,  g4-oR'gh§n-booRg*,  a 
town  of  Russia,  government  and  110  miles  W.N.W.  of 
Vilna,  on  the  Niemen. 

Yooriev,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Dorpat. 

Yoorievets-Povolskoi,  or  Jurievetz-Povol- 
skoi,  yoo-re-iv-8ts' po-vol'skoi,  written  also  Jurjevetz- 
Powolskoi,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  84  miles 
E.S.E.  of  Kostroma,  on  the  Volga.     Pop.  2867. 

Yooriev-Polskoi,or  Juncv-Polskoi,yoo-re-6v'- 
pol'skoi,  written  also  Jurjcv-Polskij,  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  25  miles  N.W.  of  Vladimeer.  Pop.  4709. 
It  was  founded  in  1155,  and  has  a  citadel  and  a  trade  in  furs. 

Yoot-Sima,  yoot-see'mi,  a  small  island  of  Japan, 
N.W.  of  Noto,  Hondo,  in  lat.  37°  51'  N.,  Ion.  136°  40'  E. 

Yoozgat,  Yuzgat,  yooz'git',  Yuzkat,  Uscat,  or 
Oos'cat',  a  town  of  Asia  Minor,  pashalic  of  Seevas,  in  a 
narrow  valley,  55  miles  S.  of  Chooroom.  It  is  neat,  clean, 
and  enclosed  by  walls.  Under  the  patronage  of  the  Chapan- 
Ogloo  family  it  rose  into  importance  during  the  last  cen- 
tury, previous  to  which  it  had  been  only  an  insignificant 
village.  Principal  edifices,  the  citadel,  and  a  mosque  built 
in  imitation  of  St.  Sophia's  at  Constantinople. 

Yor'dy,  a  post-office  in  Empire  township,  Ellsworth 
CO.,  Kansas,  about  20  miles  W.  of  Salina. 

Yore,  ySr,  or  Ure,  yoor,  a  river  of  England,  rise? 
among  the  mountains  between  the  cos.  of  Westmoreland 
and  York,  flows  S.E.  through  the  latter  county,  forming 
part  of  the  boundary  between  its  North  and  West  Ridings, 
and  at  Aldborough  unites  with  the  Swale  to  form  the  Onse. 

Yorgan-Ladik,  Asiatic  Turkey.    See  Ladik. 

York,  or  Yorkshire,  york'shir,  the  largest  county  of 
England,  is  situated  in  its  N.  part,  having  E.  the  North 
Sea,  and  landward  the  cos.  of  Durham,  Westmoreland,  Lan- 
cashire, Cheshire,  Derby,  Nottingham,  and  Lincoln,  from 
which  last  it  is  mostly  separated  by  the  estuary  of  the 
Humber.  Area,  6067  square  miles.  Pop.  2,436,355.  The 
surface  is  very  much  diversified  ;  in  the  N.W.  are  some  of 
the  highest  mountains  in  England,  elsewhere  barren  moors 
are  alternated  with  some  of  the  richest  tracts  in  the  king- 
dom. The  rivers  are  all  tributaries  of  the  Ouse  and  Hum- 
ber, except  the  Tees,  forming  the  N.  boundary,  and  the 
Ribble,  in  the  extreme  W.  Yorkshire  is  both  an  agricul- 
tural and  grazing  and  a  manufacturing  county  of  the  first 
rank.  The  W.  division  of  the  county  is  the  chief  scat  of 
mining  and  manufacturing  industry.  The  county  is  divided 
into  North,  East,  and  West  Ridings  (said  to  be  derived  from 
a  Saxon  word  signifying  thirds). 

The  East  Ridixq  (area,  1173  square  miles;  pop. 268,466), 
comprising  the  hilly  district  termed  the  Wolds,  and  much 
moorland,  is  watered  by  the  Derwent  and  Hull  Rivers,  and 
is  traversed  along  its  S.  extremity  by  the  Hull  &  Selby 
Railway.  It  contains  the  towns  of  Hull,  Beverley,  Drif- 
field, Market-Weighton,  Pocklington,  and  Bridlington. 

The  North  Riding  (area,  2128  square  miles ;  pop.  293,278), 
chiefly  famous  as  a  grazing-country,  contains  the  rich  agri- 
cultural districts  of  Cleveland  and  Rydale,  and  has  mines 
of  alum  and  lead,  with  freestone-  and  marble-quarries. 
Principal  rivers,  the  Yore,  Swale,  and  Tees.  It  is  traversed 
by  the  Great  North-of-England  Railway,  and  by  the  lines 
from  York  to  Whitby  and  Scarborough. 

The  West  Riding  comprises  all  the  S.  and  W.  parts  of 
Yorkshire,  and  borders  on  six  other  counties.  Area,  2766 
square  miles.  Pop.  1,874,611.  The  surface  is  very  irreg- 
ular ;  it  contains  some  of  the  best  land  and  most  picturesque 
scenery  in  England.  Principal  rivers,  the  Wharfe,  Calder, 
Aire,  Don,  and  Ribble.  It  is  intersected  by  numerous 
canals,  and  by  railways  between  all  of  its  large  towns. 

York  (anc.  Ebor'acum),  the  second  city  of  England  in 
point  of  rank,  though  not  in  size  or  in  commercial  impor- 
tance, a  parliamentary  and  municipal  borough,  and  county 
of  itself,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Yorkshire,  near  its  centre,  at 
the  junction  of  the  three  Ridings,  on  the  Ouse,  at  the 
influx  of  the  Foss,  with  junction  station  on  the  Great  North- 
ern and  Northeastern  Railways,  by  which  communication  is 
established  with  all  parts  of  the  kingdom,  175  miles  N.N.W. 
of  London.  Lat.  of  minster,  63°  57'  43"  N.;  Ion.  1°  4' 
49"  W.  For  parliamentary  purposes  the  city  of  York  is 
included  within  the  North  Riding,  for  judiciary  proceedings 
and  oonnty  purposes  within  the  West  Riding.    Pop.  (1881) 


TOR 


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YOR 


54,198;  of  parliamentary  borough,  59,5()9.  The  see  of 
Yurk  compriiics  tlio  East  and  parts  of  the  North  and  West 
Uidiiigs  of  the  county.  The  ooclosiastical  authority  of  the 
arclibitihop  extends  over  the  province  of  York,  consisting, 
yrith  tlio  archbishopric,  of  the  bishoprics  of  Durham,  Car- 
lisle, Chester,  Manchester,  Hipon,  and  Sodor  and  Man.  The 
city  is  enclosed  by  ancient  walls,  and  is  entered  by  5  prin- 
cipal and  6  minor  gateways,  some  of  which  former  are  re- 
markable structures.  The  Ouse  and  Foss  traverse  the  in- 
terior of  the  city  ;  the  Foss  is  crossed  by  4  and  the  Ouse  by 
2  bridges,  one  of  them  an  elegant  iron  bridge  connecting 
the  railway  station  with  the  minster,  erected  at  a  cost  of 
£35,00U.  Except  the  castle,  occupying  nearly  4  acres, 
between  the  Ouse  and  Foss,  and  containing  the  county  hall 
and  jail,  most  of  the  public  edifices  of  interest  are  in  the 
N.  of  the  city.  At  the  head  of  these  is  Y'ork  minster  or 
cathedral,  the  finest  structure  of  its  kind  in  England,  mostly 
built  in  the  thirteenth  and  fourteenth  centuries;  extreme 
length,  48()  feet;  length  of  transept,  223  foot,  with  a  great 
tower  213  feet  in  height,  a  magnificent  west  front  flanked 
by  2  towers  196  feet  in  lieight,  and  richly  adorned  within. 
York  has  many  other  fine  churches;  and  the  chapter-house, 
the  mansion-house,  with  an  Ionic  colonnade  and  a  state- 
room, the  guild  hall,  a  Gothic  structure,  the  corn  exchange, 
the  assembly-rooms,  concert  hall,  theatre,  buildings  of  the 
Y'orkshire  Philosophical  Society,  museum,  subscription  li- 
brary, city  jail,  Roman  Catholic  and  several  other  dissent- 
ing chapels,  and  the  chief  railway  station,  deserve  especial 
notice  among  the  numerous  public  buildings.  Outside  of 
the  city  are  the  county  hospital,  a  lunatic  asylum,  another 
and  famous  institution  for  the  insane,  the  Retreat,  about  1 
mile  distant,  managed  by  the  Society  of  Friends,  the  cav- 
alry barracks,  and  Bishopsthorpe  palace,  the  residence  of 
the  archbishop.  It  is  governed  by  a  lord  mayor,  and  is  now 
divided  into  6  wards,  and  has  12  aldermen  and  36  council- 
lors. Courts  of  assize  for  the  city  and  county  are  held  in 
it  twice  annually,  and  it  has  quarter-sessions,  a  court  of 
pleas,  and  petty  sessions,  twice  weekly.  There  are  several 
commercial  corporations  in  the  city;  glass-  and  iron- wares, 
carpets,  white  and  red  lead,  paper-hangings,  and  many 
articles  of  luxury  are  manufactured.  York  has  an  active 
trade  in  the  import  of  coal;  but  its  chief  prosperity  is  due 
to  its  being  resorted  to  by  the  gentry  of  North  England  as 
a  kind  of  northern  metropolis. 

York)  the  most  southwestern  county  of  Maine,  borders 
on  Now  llampshiro.  Area,  about  980  square  miles.  It  is 
bounded  on  the  S.E.  by  the  Atlantic  Ocean,  on  the  N.  by 
the  Ossipee  River,  and  on  tho  SAY.  by  the  Salmon  Falls 
and  Piscataqua  Rivers,  and  is  intersected  by  tho  Saco  River, 
which  forms  part  of  the  N.E.  boundary.  The  surface  is  un- 
even or  hilly,  and  is  diversified  with  small  lakes  and  exten- 
sive forests  of  the  beech,  birch,  elm,  ash,  sugar-maple,  white 
oak,  ifec.  Tho  soil  is  partly  fertile.  Hay,  butter,  cattle,  pota- 
toes, lumber,  and  Indian  corn  are  the  staple  products.  Tho 
wealth  of  this  county  is  largely  derived  from  manufactures 
of  cotton  and  woollen  goods  and  other  articles.  Several 
harbors  on  the  coast  afford  facilities  for  navigation  and 
ship-building.  Granito  underlies  part  of  the  surface.  This 
county  is  intersected  by  the  Boston  &  Maine,  Portland  & 
Rochester,  and  Portland,  Saco  &  Portsmouth  Railroads. 
Capital,  Alfred.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate, 
$35,898,294,  Pop.  in  1870,  60,174,  of  whom  55,601  were 
Americans;  in  ISSO,  62,257. 

York,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  central  part  of  Nebraska, 
has  an  area  of  576  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Middle  and  West  Forks  of  the  Big  Blue  River,  and  by 
Beaver  Creek,  which  enters  the  West  Fork  at  or  near  the 
eastern  border  of  the  county.  The  surface  is  undulating, 
and  nearly  destitute  of  forests.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and 
adapted  to  grain  and  pasturage.  Wheat,  Indian  corn,  hay, 
oats,  and  butter  are  the  sta])lo  products.  Capital,  Y'ork. 
Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $175,000.  Pop.  in 
1870,  604,  of  whom  554  were  Americans;  in  1880,  11,170. 

York,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Pennsylvania,  border- 
ing on  Maryland,  h.as  an  area  of  about  900  square  miles. 
It  is  bounded  on  tho  N.E.  by  the  Susquehanna  River,  is 
intersected  by  Conewago  Creek,  and  is  also  drained  by 
Codorus  and  Yellow  Breeches  Creeks.  The  surface  is  hilly 
or  undulating,  and  is  extensively  covered  with  forests  of  the 
beech,  elm,  hickory,  chestnut,  white  oak,  wild  cherry,  <tc. 
A  ridge  called  the  South  Mountain  occupies  the  N.W.  part 
of  the  county.  Tho  soil  is  fertile.  Wheat,  Indian  corn, 
oats,  hay,  butter,  cattle,  pork,  and  tobacco  are  the  staple 
products.  Among  its  mineral  resources  are  iron  ore,  slate, 
and  good  limestone.  Gneiss,  talcose  slate,  and  mesozoic  or 
new  red  sandstone  underlie  large  parts  of  this  county.  It 
is  intersected  by  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  and  con- 


nected with  market  by  various  branches  of  the  Pcnnsyl- 
vania  Railroad.  Tho  Peach  Bottom  Railroad  terniimitca  io 
this  county.  Capital,  York.  Valuation  of  real  and  i,or 
sonal  estate,  $60,215,000.  Pop.  in  1870,  76,134,  of  whom 
72,594  were  Americans;  in  1880,  87,841. 

York,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  South  Carolina,  bor- 
dering on  North  Carolina,  has  an  area  of  about  800  square 
miles.  It  is  partly  bounded  on  the  E.  by  the  Catawba 
River,  and  drained  by  Allison's  and  Fishing  Crcckn.  The 
Broad  River  forms  the  entire  western  boundary.  The  «ur- 
faco  is  hilly,  and  a  large  part  of  it  is  covered  with  forc-^ts 
of  tho  hickory,  oak,  and  other  trees.  The  soil  is  partly 
fertile.  Cotton,  Indian  corn,  wheat,  cattle,  and  pork  arc  the 
staple  products.  Among  its  minerals  are  gold,  granite,  iron 
ore,  and  limestone.  The  reported  value  of  tho  gold  found 
in  it  in  1870  was  $3000.  This  county  is  intersected  by  tho 
Charlotte,  Columbia  <fc  Augusta  Railroad  and  the  Kin'^'s 
Mountain  Railroad.  Capital,  Yorkville.  Valuation  of  renl 
and  personal  estate,  $5,035,815.  Pop.  in  1S70,  24,280,  of 
whom  24,177  were  Americans;  in  1880,  30,713. 

York,  a  county  in  the  S.E.  part  of  Virginia,  bordering 
on  Chesapeake  Bay,  has  an  area  of  about  100  square  utiles. 
It  is  bounded  on  the  N.E.  by  the  estuary  of  York  River. 
The  surface  is  undulating  or  level.  The  soil  is  partly  fer- 
tile. Indian  corn,  oats,  and  potatoes  arc  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. Oysters  abound  in  the  bay  and  river.  Capital,  York- 
town.  Valuation  of  real  and  personal  estate,  $896,725. 
Pop.  in  1870,  7198;  in  1880,  7349. 

York,  an  extensive  county  in  the  S.W.  part  of  New 
Brunswick,  bordering  on  Maine.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
St.  John  Rivor,  and  is  bounded  on  the  W.S.W.  by  tho  St. 
Croix  River  and  Grand  Lake.  There  are  also  a  great  nttin- 
ber  of  other  lakes  in  the  county.  The  soil  is  fertile,  and 
sotne  advancement  has  been  made  in  agriculture,  although 
tho  county  is  largely  occupied  by  immense  forests.  Capital, 
Fredericton.     Pop.  27,140. 

York,  a  county  of  Ontario,  centrally  situated,  and 
drained  by  tho  Hutnber,  Rouge,  and  Don  Rivers,  flowing 
into  Lake  Ontario,  which  bounds  it  on  the  S.,  and  several 
small  streams  entering  Lake  Siincoe,  which  forms  part  of 
its  N.  boundary.     Capital,  Toronto.     Pop.  115,974. 

York,  Sumter  co.,  Alabama.     See  YoiiK  Statiox. 

York,  a  post-office  of  Walker  co.,  Ala.,  about  40  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Birmingham. 

York,  a  post-hamlet  of  Houston  co.,  Ga.,  18  miles  S.  of 
Macon.    It  has  2  churches  and  a  male  and  fetnale  institute. 

York,  a  township  of  Carroll  co..  III.     Pop.  1490. 

York,  a  post-hamlet  of  Clark  co..  111.,  in  York  town- 
ship, on  the  Wabash  River,  about  33  miles  S.  of  Paris,  and 
li  miles  from  West  York.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  saw- 
mill.    Pop.  of  tho  township,  1090. 

York,  a  township  of  Du  Page  co.,  Ill,  Pop.  1799.  It 
contains  Elmhurst  and  Lombard. 

York,  a  township  of  Benton  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  433. 

York,  a  township  of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  986. 

York,  a  township  of  Elkhart  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  906. 

York,  a  township  of  Noble  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  1041. 

York,  a  township  of  Steuben  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  857. 

York,  a  township  of  Switzerland  co.,  Ind.     Pop.  995. 

York,  a  township  of  Iowa  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  611. 

York,  a  township  of  Pottawattamie  co.,  Iowa.  Pop.  182. 

York,  a  township  of  Tama  co.,  Iowa.     Pop.  1120. 

York,  a  post-village  of  York  co..  Me.,  in  a  township  of 
tho  same  name,  on  a  small  inlet  called  Y'ork  Harbor,  nearly 
2  miles  from  the  ocean,  and  8  miles  E.N.E.  of  Portsmouth, 
N.II.  It  has  a  large  hotel,  which  accommodates  200  guests. 
York  Beach,  1  i  miles  from  the  vill.tgc,  is  a  good  bathing- 
place,  with  a  hotel  and  several  boarding-houses,  Y'ork  has 
a  commodious  harbor. 

York,orMoorevillc,apost-villagoof  Washtenawco., 
Mich.,  in  York  township,  14  miles  S.  of  Ann  Arbor,  and 
about  40  miles  W.S.W.  of  Detroit.  It  has  manufactures 
of  barrels,  lumber,  and  cheese.  The  township  contains  5 
churches  and  a  pop.  of  1486. 

York,  a  township  of  Putnam  co..  Mo.     Pop.  1673. 

York,  a  city,  the  capital  of  York  co.,  Neb.,  on  an  afflu- 
ent of  the  Big  Blue  River,  at  the  junction  of  three  rail- 
roads, 62  miles  W.  of  Lincoln.  It  has  several  churches,  an 
academy,  printing-offices  which  issue  2  daily  and  6  weekly 
newspapers,  and  numerous  stores  and  other  business  con- 
cerns.    Pop.  in  1890,  3405. 

York,  a  post- village  of  Livingston  co.,  N.Y.,  in  York 
township,  about  24  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Rochester.  It  has  2 
churches.  It  is  often  called  York  Centre.  The  township, 
which  also  contains  Fowlerville,  is  bounded  on  the  E.  by 
the  Genesee  River,  and  intersected  by  the  Genesee  Valley 
Canal.     Pop,  of  the  township,  2483. 


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York,  a  township  of  Athens  co.,  0.  Pop.  6438.  It 
contains  Nelsonvillo. 

York,  a  township  of  Belmont  co.,  0.     Pop.  1608, 

York,  a  township  of  Darlte  co.,  0.    Pop.  797. 

York,  a  township  of  Fulton  co.,  0.  Pop.  2229.  *It 
contains  Delta. 

York,  a  township  of  Medina  co.,  0.  Pop.  886.  York 
Station  is  at  the  village  of  Mallet  Creek. 

York,  a  township  of  Morgan  co.,  0.     Pop.  916. 

York,  a  township  of  Sandusky  co.,  0.,  with  a  station  on 
the  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern  Railroad,  15  miles  W. 
of  Norwalk.     Pop.  2094. 

York,  a  station  in  Sandusky  co.,  0.,  on  the  Cincinnati, 
Sandusky  &  Cleveland  Railroad,  11  miles  S.W.  of  San- 
dusky.    Here  is  Townscnd  Post-Office. 

York,  a  township  of  Tuscarawas  co.,  0.     Pop.  1041. 

York,  a  post-township  of  Union  co.,  0.     Pop.  1361. 

York,  a  township  of  \'an  Wert  co.,  0.     Pop.  983. 

York,  a  post-borough,  the  capital  of  York  co..  Pa.,  sit- 
uated on  Codorus  Creek,  28  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ilarrisburg,  24 
miles  W.  by  S.  of  Lancaster,  48  miles  N.  of  Baltimore,  and 
92  miles  from  Philadelphia,  with  all  of  which  towns  it  is 
connected  by  railroads.  Numerous  turnpikes,  extending  in 
various  directions,  connect  this  place  with  the  principal 
towns  of  Pennsylvania  and  Maryland.  The  Northern  Cen- 
tral Railroad  connects  York  with  Baltimore  on  the  one  hand 
and  with  Ilarrisburg  on  the  other.  By  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad  it  is  connected  with  Philadelphia  and  New  York. 
York  is  also  a  terminus  of  the  Peach  Bottom  Railroad  and 
the  Hanover  <t  York  Railroad.  The  town  is  neatly  and 
substantially  built,  and  contains  many  fine  residences  and 
public  buildings.  The  most  remarkable  among  the  latter 
are  the  court-house,  a  largo  edifice  of  granite,  resembling  a 
Grecian  temple,  the  Collegiate  Institute,  erected  in  1873  by 
the  munificence  of  Samuel  Small,  Esq.,  and  the  Presby- 
terian, German  Reformed,  and  Lutheran  churches.  There 
are  more  than  20  church  edifices,  belonging  to  different  de- 
nominations. Nine  newspapers  are  published  here,  4  of 
which  are  daily  and  5  weekly.  There  are  5  banking  insti- 
tutions (4  of  which  are  national  banks),  several  insurance 
Com}ianies,  4  foundries,  2  car-factoiies,  besides  the  extensive 
shops  of  the  Northern  Central  Railroad,  3  planing-mills,  3 
manufactories  of  agricultural  iuipleuients,  a  shoe-factory, 
a  condensed-milk-factory,  <fec.  In  1777  the  Continental 
Congress  met  at  this  place  while  Philadelphia  was  occupied 
by  the  British  army.  The  borough  was  laid  out  in  1741. 
York  is  surrounded  by  a  populous,  fertile,  and  highly- 
cultivated  farming-region.  Its  markets  are  therefore  well 
supplied ;  and  it  is  regarded  as  a  very  healthv  and  desirable 
place  of  residence.     Pq..  in  1880,  13,940  ;  in  1890,  20,793. 

York,  a  township  of  York  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  3200. 

York,  a  station  in  Juab  co.,  Utah,  at  the  terminus  of 
the  Utah  Southern  Railroad,  75  miles  S.  of  Salt  Lake  City. 
It  has  several  warehouses.     Here  is  Juab  Post-Office. 

\  ork,  a  post-office  of  Roane  co.,  W.  Va. 

York,  a  township  forming  the  N.E.  extremity  of  Dane 
CO.,  Wis.     Pop.  1003. 

York,  a  township  of  Green  co..  Wis.     Pop.  1016. 

York,  a  post-village  in  Haldimand  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Grand  River,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Caledonia.  It  has  excellent 
water-power,  and  contains  2  churches,  stores,  hotels,  and 
saw-  and  flouring-mills.  In  the  vicinity  are  extensive 
gypsum-quarries.     Pop.  400. 

York,  or  York  Factory,  a  town  and  fort  of  Keewatin, 
Canada,  on  the  W.  coast  of  Hudson's  Bay,  at  the  mouth  of 
the  Hayes  and  Saskatchewan  Rivers.  Lat.  67°  N.;  Ion. 
92°  25'  W.  York  Factory  was  one  of  the  principal  trad- 
ing-posts of  the  Hudson's  Bay  Company. 

York,  Ontario,  the  former  name  of  Torosto. 

York,  a  village  of  West  Africa,  on  the  coast  of  the 
peninsula  of  Sierra  Leone,  15  miles  S.  of  Freetown. 

York,  a  town  of  Tasmania,  co.  of  Devon,  on  the  Tamar, 
8  miles  from  its  mouth. 

York,  a  town  of  Western  Australia,  60  miles  E.  of 
Perth. 

Yor'ka,  a  post-office  of  Leake  co.,  Miss.,  about  66  miles 
N.E.  of  Jackson. 

York'ana,  a  post-office  of  York  co..  Pa. 

York,  Cape,  Australia.    See  Capb  York. 

York  Centre,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  co.,  Tnd.,  in 
York  township,  about  22  miles  N.N.E.  of  Waterloo.  It 
has  a  church. 

York  Centre,  a  post-office  of  Iowa  co.,  Iowa,  abont 
20  miles  W.  of  Iowa  City. 

York  Centre,  Livingston  co.,  N.Y.    See  York. 

York  Collegiate  Institute,  a  post-office  of  Alex- 
ander CO.,  N.C. 


York  Corner,  a  post-office  of  York  co..  Me. 

Yorke  (york)  Penin'sula,  a  tongue  of  land  of  South 
Australia,  between  St.  Vincent  and  Spencer  Gulfs,  N.W.  of 
Adelaide.  Length,  100  miles;  breadth,  30  miles.  Cape 
Spencer  is  its  S.  extremity.    See  also  York  Peninsula. 

York  Fur'nace,  a  post-office  of  York  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
W.  bank  of  the  Susquehanna. 

York  Ha'ven,  a  hamlet  of  York  co.,  Pa.,  on  the  Sus- 
quehanna River,  and  on  the  Northern  Central  Railroad, 
about  12  miles  N.  of  York. 

York  Island,  or  Amatnka,  &-ro&-t&'k&,  is  in  tb« 
South  Pacific  Ocean, between  New  Ireland  and  New  Britain. 
Lat.  4°  7'  S.;  Ion.  152°  22'  E.     Length,  10  miles. 

York'lyn,  a  post-village  of  New  Castle  co.,  Del.,  on 
Red  Clay  Creek,  and  on  the  Wilmington  <t  Western  Rail- 
road, 13  miles  N.W.  of  Wilmington.  It  has  a  woollen- 
factory,  a  paper-mill,  and  a  manufactory  of  snuff. 

York  lUills,  a  post-village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  on  a 
branch  of  the  Humber  River,  3  miles  from  Weston.  It 
contains  2  churches,  a  tannery,  saw-  and  flouring-mill, 
stores,  hotels,  <tc.     Pop.  350. 

York,  Mount,  of  Australia,  New  South  AVales,  co.  of 
Cook,  60  miles  N.W.  of  Sydney.     Height,  3300  feet. 

York  New  Sa'Iem,  a  post-borough  of  York  co.,  Pa., 
in  North  Codorus  township,  1  mile  from  Graybill  Station, 
which  is  5  miles  S.W.  of  York.  It  has  a  church,  4  stores, 
2  hotels,  and  2  wagon-shops. 

York  Peninsula,  in  Queensland,  the  body  of  land 
lying  on  the  E.  side  of  the  Gulf  of  Carpentaria,  and  termi- 
nating at  the  N.  end  in  Capo  York. 

York  River,  the  name  given  to  an  inlet  or  arm  of  the 
sea  in  York  co..  Me.     Length,  about  7  miles. 

York  River,  in  the  E.  part  of  Virginia,  is  formed  by 
the  union  of  the  Pamunkey  and  Mattapony  Rivers,  at  the 
S.E.  extremity  of  King  William  co.,  and,  flowing  in  a 
southeasterly  direction,  falls  into  Chcsivpeake  Bay  nearly 
opposite  Cape  Charles.  It  is  so  broad  through  its  whole 
course  as  to  present  rather  the  appearance  of  a  bay  than 
of  a  river.  Its  whole  length  is  about  40  miles,  and  at  its 
mouth  it  is  probably  not  less  than  3  miles  in  width.  This 
river  divides  the  counties  of  New  Kent,  James  City,  and 
York  on  the  right  from  King  and  Queen  and  Gloucester 
COS.  on  the  left. 

York  River,  Quebec,  a  river  in  the  co.  of  Gasp6,  flows 
E.,  and  falls  into  Gasp6  Bay.     Length,  100  miles. 

York  River,  a  post-village  in  Hastings  co.,  Ontario, 
on  a  river  of  the  same  name,  17  miles  N.  of  Thanct,  and 
60  miles  S.W.  of  Pembroke.     Pop.  125. 

York  Road,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Carroll  co., 
Md.,  on  the  Western  Maryland  Railroad  where  it  crosses 
the  Frederick  division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  48 
miles  N.W.  of  Baltimore,  and  i  mile  from  Bruceville. 

York  Road,  Montgomery  co..  Pa.    See  Shoeuakkr- 

TOWN. 

York  Road,  a  station  in  York  co..  Pa.,  between  Han- 
over and  Hanover  Junction,  2  miles  E.  of  the  former. 

York's  Corners,  New  York.    See  East  Galwat. 

Yorkshire,  England.    See  York. 

Yorkshire,  Broome  co.,  N.Y.    See  Cextiie  Lislk. 

Yorkshire,  york'shjr,  a  post-village  in  Yorkshire  town- 
ship, Cattaraugus  co.,  N.Y.,  1  mile  W.  of  Arcado  Station  of 
the  Buffalo,  New  York  <fc  Philadelphia  Railroad,  and  about 
36  miles  S.S.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  a  church,  a  cheese-fac- 
tory, a  grist-mill,  a  saw-mill,  and  a  foundry.  Pop.  about 
300.  Pop.  of  the  township,  1689.  Yorkshire  Station  is  at 
Yorkshire  Centre. 

Yorkshire  Centre,  a  post-village  in  Yorkshire  town- 
ship, Cattaraugus  co.,  N.\.,  on  the  Buffalo,  New  York 
<fc  Philadelphia  Railroad,  at  Yorkshire  Station,  38  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Buffalo.  It  has  2  churches,  a  grist-mill,  a  lumber- 
mill,  a  cheese-factory,  and  manufactures  of  wirriages,  sash, 
blinds,  &o.     Pop.  about  500. 

York  Sound,  an  inlet  of  British  North  America,  in 
Frobisher  Strait.     Lat.  63°  N. ;  Ion.  70°  W. 

York  Sound,  an  inlet  on  the  N.W.  coast  of  Australia, 
between  Montague  Sound  and  Prince  Regent  River.  Lat 
15°  S.;  Ion.  125°  E. 

York  Springs.    See  York  Sulphur  Spri.xob. 

York  Station,  a  post-village  of  Sumter  co.,  Ala.,  on 
the  Alabama  A  Chattanooga  Railroad,  at  the  W.  terminus 
of  the  Alabama  Central  Railroad,  81  miles  W.  of  Selma, 
and  27  miles  E.N.E.  of  Meridian,  Miss.  It  has  2  churches. 
Cotton  and  corn  are  shipped  here. 

York  Station,  Mc<lina  co.,  0.    See  Mallet  Csekk. 

York  Station,  Sandusky  co.,  0.    See  York. 

York  Sulphur  Springs,  or  York  Springs,  a  post- 
borough  and  summer  resort  of  Adams  co.,  Pa.,  about  24  mile* 


TOR 


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YOU 


B.S.W.  of  Harrisburg.  It  has  4  oburohea,  2  hotels,  a  drug- 
store, 3  general  stores,  and  manufactures  of  reapers,  ooru- 
■bcllers,  fodder-cuttors,  &o.     Pop.  356. 

York'town,  a  post-hamlet  of  Bureau  to.,  111.,  about  27 
miles  S.W.  of  Dixon.     It  has  a  church. 

YorktoWD)  a  township  of  Henry  oo.,  111.     Pop.  669. 

YorktoWD)  a  post-village  in  Mount  Pleasant  township, 
Delaware  co.,  Ind.,  on  White  River,  and  on  the  Cleveland, 
Columbus,  Cincinnati  &  Indianapolis  Huilroad,  6  miles  W. 
of  Muncio.  It  has  2  churches,  a  graded  school,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  woollen-factory. 

Yorktown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Salem  oo.,  N.J.,  on  the 
Saloui  Branch  of  the  West  Jersey  Railroad,  9  miles  E.  of 
Salem.  It  has  a  chapel,  a  spindle-factory,  and  a  brick-yard. 

Yorktown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Westchester  co.,  N.Y.,  in 
Yorktown  township,  on  the  Now  York,  Westchester  A  Put- 
nam Railroad,  7  miles  E.  of  Peokskill.  The  township  is 
intersected  by  the  Croton  River.     Pop.  2617. 

Yorktown,  a  station  in  Tuscarawas  oo.,  0.,  on  the 
Marietta,  Pittsburg  it  Cleveland  Railroad,  5^  miles  S.  of 
Dover. 

YorktOAVn,  a  coal-mining  town  of  Carbon  co.,  Pa.,  im- 
mediately adjuining  Audenried. 

Yorktown,  a  post-village  of  De  Witt  co.,  Tox.,  14 
miles  S.W.  of  Cuero,  and  about  70  miles  E.S.E.  of  San 
Antonio.  It  has  2  churches,  a  money-order  post-ofQce,  and 
a  manufactory  of  saddles.     Pop.  about  600. 

Yorktown,  a  post-villago,  capital  of  York  co.,  Va.,  is 
situated  on  the  right  bank  of  York  River,  nearly  10  miles 
from  its  mouth,  nnd  36  miles  N.N.W.  of  Norfolk.  It  was 
the  scene  of  a  very  important  event  in  American  history, — 
the  surrender  of  Lord  Cornwallis  to  General  Washington, 
which  occurred  October  19,  1781.  In  the  civil  war  it  was 
fortified  by  the  Confederates,  who,  having  been  besieged  by 
McClellan,  evacuated  the  place  May  4,  1862.     Pop.  250. 

York  Vil'lage,  a  post-ofiSce  of  York  co..  Me. 

York'ville,  a  post-ofiice  of  Mendocino  co.,  Cal.,  18 
miles  N.W.  of  Cloverdale. 

Yorkville,  a  post-office  of  Fremont  co..  Col. 

Yorkville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Paulding  co.,  Ga.,  6  miles 
from  Rock  mart. 

Yorkville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Kendall  oo.,  111., 
in  Kendall  township,  on  tho  S.  bank  of  Fox  River,  and  on 
the  Chicago,  Burlington  A  Quincy  Railroad  (Fox  River 
lino),  12  miles  S.W.  of  Aurora.  It  has  a  bank,  2  news- 
paper offices,  a  church,  a  paper-mill,  &e. 

Yorkville,  a  post-office  of  Dearborn  co.,  Ind.,  about  13 
miles  N.W.  of  Lawrenceburg. 

Yorkville,  a  post-village  of  Kalamazoo  co.,  Mich.,  in 
Ross  township,  on  Gull  Lake,  and  on  the  Northwestern  Ohio 
Railroad,  13  miles  N.E.  of  Kalamazoo,  and  about  12  miles 
W.  by  N.  of  Battle  Creek.  It  has  a  church  and  a  flour- 
mill.     Pop.  about  200.    The  lake  is  6  miles  long. 

Yorkville,  a  village  in  AVhitestown  township,  Oneida 
00.,  N.Y.,  on  Sadaquada  Creek.  Here  are  cotton-mills. 
Pop.  213. 

Yorkville,  apost-hamlot  in  Bladen  township,  Bladen 
CO.,  N.C.,  on  the  Carolina  Central  Railroad.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  turpentine-distillery. 

Yorkville,  a  post-office  and  station  in  Jefferson  co.,  0., 
on  the  Ohio  River,  and  on  tho  Cleveland  <fc  Pittsburg  Rail- 
road, 12  miles  N.  of  Bellairo.     Here  is  a  church. 

Yorkville,  a  township  of  Schuylkill  co.,  Pa.   Pop.  553. 

Yorkville,  a  post-village,  capital  of  York  co.,  S.C, 
about  85  miles  N.  of  Columbia,  and  30  miles  S.W.  of  Char- 
lotte, N.C.  It  is  on  tho  Kings  Mountain  or  Chester  & 
Lenoir  Railroad,  which  extends  to  Chester  Court-IIouse. 
It  has  a  court-house,  a  private  bank,  a  newspaper  office,  7 
churches  (2  colored),  a  female  college,  a  military  school, 
and  a  carriage-shop.     Pop.  about  ISOO. 

Yorkville,  a  post-village  of  Gibson  co.,  Tenn.,  about 
42  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Jackson.  It  has  3  churches  and  a 
seminary. 

Yorkville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Yorkville  township,  Ra- 
cine CO.,  Wis.,  about  12  miles  W.  of  Racine.  It  has  a 
church.  The  township  is  intersected  by  the  Western  Union 
Railroad.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1587. 

York'ville,  a  village  in  York  co.,  Ontario,  about  2  miles 
N.  of  Toronto,  of  which  it  may  be  considered  a  suburb. 
It  has  4  churches,  several  schools,  a  medical  college,  a  town 
hall,  breweries,  factories,  stores,  <fec.     Pop.  2203. 

Yorkville  Station,  a  post-office  of  New  York  co., 
N.Y.,  is  a  branch  of  the  New  York  post-office. 

Yoruba,  a  state  of  Africa.    See  Yarriba. 

Yosemitc,  yo-sem'i-te,  a  post-office  of  Mariposa  co., 
Cal.,  is  near  tho  Yosemite  Valley,  about  25  miles  N.E.  of 
Mariposa. 


Yosemite  Fall  (Indian  name,  Cholook),  Cftlifornia' 
is  formed  by  a  creek  of  tho  same  name,  which  is  an  ufUucn 
of  the  Merced  River  and  rises  about  20  miles  N.  of  thi' 
Yosemite  Valley.  The  volume  of  water  at  tho  ordinar} 
sta'ge  of  summer  is  about  20  feet  wide  and  2  feet  deep  oc 
an  average.  This  cataract  surpasses  ail  others  on  tlx' 
globe  in  height  and  in  tho  stupendous  character  of  tbc 
surrounding  scenery.  From  the  edge  of  the  cliff  over' 
which  the  water  plunges  to  the  bottom  of  the  valley  the 
vertical  distance  is  about  2550  feet;  but  the  full  is  not  io 
one  perpendicular  sheet.  I 

Yosemitc  Valley,  California,  is  in  Mariposa  cc, 
about  140  miles  E.  by  S.  from  San  Francisco,  and  midway  j 
between  the  E.  and  W.  bases  of  the  Sierra  Nevada.  It  is  a 
narrow  gorge  or  valley,  through  which  tho  Merced  River' 
runs  south  westward,  and  is  a  nearly  level  area  about  8  milei 
in  length  and  varying  in  width  from  i  mile  to  1  mile. 
Elevation  above  the  level  of  tho  sea,  4060  feet.  On  catli 
side  of  the  valley  rise  enormous  domes  and  almost  verticul 
cliffs  of  granite,  one  of  which  is  4737  feet  higher  than  tho 
river  running  at  its  base.  Among  the  other  prominent  ob- 
jects are  Cathedral  Rock,  Sentinel  Dome,  a  domo-shnpcd 
mass  of  granite,  4150  feet  higher  than  the  valley.  Mount 
Broderick,  a  stupendous  and  inaccessible  peak,  nnd  tho 
Three  Brothers,  a  triple  row  of  summits  rising  in  steps  one 
above  the  other  to  a  height  of  about  4000  feet.  This  val- 
ley has  been  ceded  to  the  state  of  California  by  Congress 
on  condition  that  it  shall  be  kept  as  a  public  park  or  free 
domain  "  inalienable  for  all  time." 

Yosida,  yo-sce'di,  a  town  of  Japan,  island  of  Hondo, 
160  miles  S.W.  of  Tokio.     It  contains  about  1400  houses. 

Yost's,  Montgomery  co.,  N.Y.    See  Randall. 

Yost'ville,  a  post-office  of  Lackawanna  co.,  Pa. 

Yosyvara,  yo-se-v&'ri,  a  small  town  of  Japan,  island 
of  Hondo,  60  miles  S.W.  of  Tokio. 

Yo-Tchou,  Yoo-Tchoo,  Yotcheoo,  yo'choo',  or 
Yo-Tcheou,  yo^ohfi-oo',  a  city  of  China,  province  of 
Hoo-Nan,  capital  of  a  department,  on  the  Yang-tse-Kiang 
where  it  leaves  Lake  Tong-Ting-Hoo.  Lat.  29°  23'  N. ; 
Ion.  112°  35'  E. 

You-An-Tcheou.    See  Yuen-Tchoo. 

You  Bet,  a  post-hamlet  in  Little  York  township,  Ne- 
vada CO.,  Cal.,  5  miles  W.  of  Dutch  Flat  Station  of  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad. 

Yougan,  a  river  of  Russia.     See  Yoogan. 

Youghal,orYoug:liall  (pronounced  y6h'hil  or  yawl), 
a  parliamentary  and  municipal  borough,  seaport  town,  and 
parish  of  Ireland,  Munster,  co.  and  27  miles  E.  of  Cork,  on 
the  W.  side  of  the  estuary  of  the  Blackwater,  which  forms 
its  harbor  and  is  here  crossed  by  a  wooden  bridge.  Pop.  7846. 
It  stands  at  the  foot  of  a  steep  height  on  the  W.,  and  was 
formerly  enclosed  by  walls  flanked  with  towers,  parts  of 
which  remain,  and  outside  of  which  some  poor  suburbs  ex- 
tend up  the  acclivity.  The  town  is  antiquated;  its  main 
street  is  crossed  near  the  centre  by  an  old  archway,  besides 
which  its  chief  structures  are  the  large  Gothic  parish  church, 
having  near  it  the  ruins  of  an  abbey,  a  chapel  of  ease,  Ro- 
man Catholic  and  other  chapels,  the  town  house,  assembly- 
rooms,  court-house,  custom-house,  savings-bank,  fever  and 
lying-in  hospitals,  prison,  several  almshouses,  the  barracks, 
and  the  house  of  Sir  Walter  Raleigh,  which  is  preserved 
nearly  entire.  The  harbor,  a  dependency  of  that  of  Cork, 
admits  at  highest  tides  vessels  drawing  12  feet  of  water. 
Youghal  is  the  seat  of  an  active  export  trade  in  corn,  live- 
stock, and  other  rural  produce,  and  imports  coal,  timber, 
tallow,  htsrrings,  salt,  and  colonial  produce.  It  has  some 
potteries,  brick-works,  and  a  valuable  salmon-fishery.  It 
sends  one  member  to  the  House  of  Commons. 

Youghal,  yfth'hil,  a  hamlet  in  Gloucester  co..  New 
Brunswick,  2  miles  from  Bathur-t.     Pop.  100. 

Youghiogheny  (y6h-ho-ga'nee)  Iliver  rises  near  the 
S.E.  extremity  of  Preston  co.,  W.  Va.,  and  runs  northward 
through  Maryland  into  Pennsylvania.  It  next  flows  in  a 
N.N.W.  direction  through  the  cos.  of  Fayette  and  AVest- 
moreland,  and  enters  the  Monongahela  River  at  McKces- 
port,  after  a  course  of  about  150  miles.  The  trains  of  the 
Pittsburg,  Washington  &  Baltimore  Railroad  run  along 
this  river  about  70  miles. 

Youkon,  a  river  of  Alaska.    See  YrKON. 

Younaska,  Aleutian  Islands.    See  Yoonaska. 

Young,  yung,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  Texas,  has  an 
area  of  about  900  square  miles.  It  is  intersected  by  the 
Brazos  River,  and  partly  drained  by  the  Clear  Fork  of  that 
river.  The  surface  is  partly  covered  with  forests  of  the  live- 
oak,  maple,  sycamore,  walnut,  and  other  trees.  The  soil 
is  fertile,  and  produces  pasture  for  many  cattle.  Capital, 
Graham.    Pop.  in  1870,  135;  in  1880,  4726;  in  1890,  5049. 


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2881 


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Youn|r«  a  post-offico  of  Onondaga  cc,  N.Y. 

Young,  a  township  of  Indiana  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  1650. 

Young,  a  township  of  Jefferson  co.,  Pa.     Pop.  954. 

Young,  a  post-town  and  gold-field  of  New  South  Wales, 
240  miles  W.  of  Sydney.     Pop.  about  6000. 

Young  Amer'ica,  township,  Edgar  co.,  III.    P.  687. 

Young  America,  Warren  co.,  HI.    See  Kirkwood. 

Young  America,  a  post-oilice  of  Cass  co.,  Ind. 

Young  America,  a  post-village  in  Young  America 
township,  Carver  co.,  Minn.,  on  the  Hastings  &  Dakota 
Knilroad,  about  36  miles  W.S.W.  of  Minneapolis.  It  has 
2  churches  and  a  flour-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1204. 

Young  America,  a  post-village  of  Washington  co.. 
Wis.,  on  the  Milwaukee  River  and  the  Chicago  A  North- 
western Railroad,  29  miles  S.S.E.  of  Fond  du  Lac. 

Youngbenza,  or  Yewngbenza,  yoong-bSn'rS,,  a 
town  of  British  Burmah,  in  Pegu,  on  the  main  arm  of  the 
Irrawaddy,  in  its  delta,  20  miles  S.S.E.  of  Ilenzada. 

Young  liiood,  a  post-office  of  Morgan  co..  III. 

Young  Cane,  a  post-oflice  of  Union  co.,  Ga.,  about  90 
miles  N.  by  E.  of  Atlanta. 

Young'er's,  a  post-office  of  Boone  co.,  Mo. 

Young  Ilick'ory,  township,  Fulton  co..  111.  Pop.  792. 

Young  Hickory,  a  post-hamlet  of  Steuben  co.,  N.Y., 
13  miles  S.E.  of  Andover. 

Voung  Hickory,  Muskingum  co.,  0.  See  Meigsville. 

Youngmanstown,  Pennsylvania.    See  Miffi.inburo. 

Young-Ning,  a  town  of  Toorkistan.     See  Oochee. 

Young's,  a  hamlet  of  Delaware  co.,  N.Y.,  in  Sidney 
township,  on  the  Oswego  Midland  Railroad,  about  26  miles 
S.S.E.  of  Norwich.     It  has  a  church. 

Young's,  a  township  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C.     Pop.  1961. 

Young's  Cove,  a  hamlet  in  Queens  co..  New  Bruns- 
wick, on  Grand  Lake,  18  miles  N.E.  of  Gagetown.    P.  200. 

Young's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  Ind. 

Young's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  AVhitloy  co.,  Ky. 

Young's  Creek,  a  post-office  of  Audrain  co.,  Mo. 

Young's  Cross  Roads,  a  post-office  of  Qranville 
CO.,  N.C. 

Young's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Kanawha  co.,  W.  Va. 

Young's  Point,  a  post-office  of  Custer  co.,  Montana, 
on  the  Yellowstone  River. 

Young's  Point,  a  post-village  in  Peterborough  co., 
Ontario,  17  miles  N.  of  Peterborough.     Pop.  100. 

Youngs'port,  a  post-village  of  Bell  co.,  Tex.,  35  miles 
N.  of  Round  Rock.  It  has  a  church,  a  grist-mill,  and  a 
saw-mill. 

Young's  Springs,  a  post-village  and  watering-place 
of  Bath  CO.,  Ky.,  7  or  8  miles  from  Cornwell.  It  has  a 
church  and  a  sulphur  spring. 

Young's  Station,  a  station  in  East  Feliciana  parish. 
La.,  on  the  Clinton  <fc  Port  Hudson  Railroad. 

Young's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Laurens  co.,  S.C. 

Young's  Store,  a  post-office  of  Franklin  co.,  Va. 

Youngs'town,a  post-hamlet  in  Swan  township,  War- 
ren CO.,  111.,  on  the  Rockford,  Rock  Island  &  St.  Louis  Rail- 
road, 18i  miles  S.  of  Monmouth.     It  has  a  church. 

Youngstown,  a  post-hamlet  of  Vigo  co.,  Ind.,  on  the 
Evansville  <fe  Terre  Haute  Railroad,  8  miles  S.  of  Terre 
Ha<ite.     It  has  2  churches. 

Youngstown,  a  post-village  in  Porter  township,  Ni- 
agara CO.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Niagara  River,  about  1  mile  from 
its  mouth,  14  miles  N.  of  Niagara  Falls,  and  34  miles  N.  by 
W.  of  Buffalo.  It  contains  3  churches,  and  has  a  good 
harbor  formed  by  the  mouth  of  the  river.  The  steamboats 
that  navigate  Lake  Ontario  touch  at  this  place.     Pop.  476. 

Youngstown,  an  enterprising  city  of  Ohio,  the  capi- 
tal of  Mahoning  co.,  is  finely  situated  on  the  Mahoning 
River,  66  miles  E.S.E.  of  Cleveland,  9  miles  S.E.  of  Niles, 
and  14  miles  S.W.  of  Sharon,  Pa.  It  is  on  the  Ashtabula 
&  Pittsburg  Railroad  and  the  Mahoning  division  of  the 
Atlantic  <k  Great  Western  Railroad,  also  on  the  Pittsburg 
A  Lake  Erie,  Painesville  &  Youngstown,  and  2  other  rail- 
roads. It  contains  a  court-house,  a  jail,  an  opera-house, 
2  national  banks,  a  savings-bank,  a  college,  a  high  school, 
about  18  churches,  many  handsome  residences,  and  printing- 
offices  which  issue  2  daily  and  5  weekly  newspapers.  Iron 
ore,  bituminous  coal,  and  limestone  are  abundant  near  this 
place.  Youngstown  has  many  important  manufactures, 
large  mills,  foundries,  machine-shops,  rolling-mills,  blast- 
furnaces, &o.  In  1890,  according  to  the  census,  it  had 
$5,894,572  of  capital  invested  in  its  industries,  with  a  prod- 
uct of  $12,964,562.    Pop.  in  1880,  15,435;  in  1890,  33,220. 

Youngstown,  a  post- borough  in  Unity  township, 
Westmoreland  co..  Pa.,  about  40  miles  E.S.E.  of  Pittsburg, 
^nd  2i  miles  from  Latrobe  Station  of  the  Pennsylvania 
Railroad.     It  has  4  churches.     Pop.  in  1890,  486. 


Yonngsville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Callicoon  townfhip, 
Sullivan  co.,  N.Y.,  116  miles  N.W.  of  New  York.  It  hu*  3 
churches,  a  lumber-mill,  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Yonngsville,  Franklin  co.,  N.C.    Sec  Pacifio 

Yonngsville,  Warren  co.,  N.J.    See  RoxBvnr. 

Yonngsville,  a  post- hamlet  of  Adams  co.,  C,  about  58 
miles  E.  by  S.  of  Cincinnati. 

Yonngsville,  a  post-borough  in  Broken  Straw  town- 
ship, Warren  co..  Pa.,  on  Broken  Straw  Creek,  and  on  th« 
Philadelphia  A  Erie  Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the 
Dunkirk  &  Alleghany  Valley  Railroad,  27  miles  N.E.  of 
Titusville,  and  8  miles  W.  of  Warren.  It  baa  a  church,  » 
graded  school,  a  savings-bank,  a  pump-factory,  a  Baw-mill, 
7  stores,  Ac. 

Y'oung'town,  a  post-office  of  Marion  oo.,  Kansas, 
about  50  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Emporia. 

Y'oung  Warrior  River,  a  small  stream  which  rises 
in  Newton  co..  Miss.,  runs  northwestward  through  Scott  co., 
and  enters  the  Pearl  River  about  6  miles  below  Carthago. 

Young- William,  an  island  group  in  the  Pacific,  be- 
longing to  the  Caroline  Islands. 

Young  Womanstown,  w65m'anz-town,  a  village  of 
Clinton  co..  Pa.,  on  the  West  Branch  of  the  Susquehanna 
River,  and  on  the  Philadelphia  A  Erie  Railroad,  at  North 
Point  Station,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Lock  Haven.  It  has  a 
church  and  2  saw-mills. 

Yount,  a  township  of  Napa  co.,  Cat.    Pop.  1252. 

Yount's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Catawba  co.,  N.C,  4 
miles  from  Conover.     Here  is  a  flour-mill. 

Yount's  Store,  a  post-hamlet  of  Perry  co..  Mo.,  15 
miles  E.N.E.  of  Fredericktown.  It  has  a  church,  a  flour- 
mill,  and  a  store. 

Yonnts'ville,  a  post-hamlet  in  Union  township,  Mont- 
gomery CO.,  Ind.,  on  Sugar  Creek,  about  6  miles  S.W.  of 
Crawfordsville,  and  j  mile  from  Troutman's  Station  of  the 
Indianapolis,  Bloomington  A  Western  Railway.  It  has  a 
church,  a  flour-mill,  and  a  woollen-mill.     Pop.  about  200. 

Yount'ville,  a  post-village  of  Napa  co.,  Cal.,  on  the 
California  Pacific  Railroad,  48  miles  N.  of  San  Francisco. 
It  has  2  churches,  2  distilleries,  and  3  wine-cellars.  P.  256. 

Youn>Zcray,  yoon-zo-ri',  a  town  of  British  Banuah, 
on  the  Irrawaddy,  18  miles  S.  by  W.  of  Prome. 

Youri,  Youry,  or  Yowry.    See  Yaoouek. 

Youta,  a  tribe  of  Indians.    See  Utah  Indiaws. 

You-Yeou,  a  town  of  China.    See  Yu-Yeoo. 

Yowl  Islands,  Malay  Archipelago.  See  A lou  Islands. 

Ypane-Guazu,  e-pi'ni  gw4-zoo',  a  river  of  Para- 
guay, joins  the  Paraguay  at  Villa  Real  de  Concepcion,  after 
a  W.  course  of  more  than  100  miles. 

Yperl6e,  rp?r-li'  (Fr.  pron.  ee'pinMi'),  a  river  of 
Belgium,  province  of  West  Flanders,  rises  at  Zillebokc,  flows 
N.  past  Ypres  (where  it  becomes  navigable),  and  cntori  the 
North  Sea  at  Nieuwpoort.     Length,  35  miles. 

Ypres,  ee'p'r  (Flemish,  Yperen  or  Ypcrn,  i'p^rn),  a 
large  town  of  Belgium,  province  of  West  Flanders,  cap. 
ital  of  an  arrondissement,  30  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bruges,  on 
the  Yperlfie.  It  is  well  built,  and  was  early  one  of  the 
most  important  manufacturing  towns  of  Flanders.  It  has 
a  cathedral  of  the  thirteenth  century  with  ancient  paint- 
ings, several  other  churches,  2  colleges,  a  school  of  design 
and  architecture,  numerous  other  schools,  several  hospitals, 
and  manufactures  of  lace,  woollen,  linen,  and  cotton  goods, 
ribbons,  bats,  leather,  oil,  soap,  and  tobacco.  There  are 
also  salt-works,  dye-works,  breweries,  and  distilleries.  In 
the  thirteenth  century  was  erected  in  the  public  square 
an  immense  pile,  called  the  halle  (cloth  hall),  which  was 
restored  in  1860  as  the  hOtel-de-ville.     Pop.  16,700. 

Ypsilanti,  ip-se-lan'tee,  a  city  of  Washtenaw  co., 
Mich.,  on  the  Huron  River,  and  on  the  Michigan  Central 
Railroad,  at  its  junction  with  the  Detroit,  Hillsdale  A 
Southwestern  Railroad,  30  miles  W.  by  S.  of  Detroit,  8 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Ann  Arbor,  and  about  32  miles  N.E.  of 
Adrian.  It  contains  8  churches,  a  high  school,  a  national 
bank,  1  other  bank,  4  newspaper  offices,  and  the  Michigan 
State  Normal  School,  which  has  13  teachers  and  is  at- 
tended by  about  300  pupils.  It  has  2  large  paper-mills,  m 
woollen-factory,  2  large  flour-mills,  2  canning-factories,  Ac. 
Pop.  in  1880,  4984;  in  1890,  6129. 

Ypsili,  ip'se-le,  an  island  of  Greece,  in  the  Gulf  of 
Nauplia,  12  miles  S.E.  of  the  city  of  Nauplia.  Length, 
from  W.  to  E.,  2  miles;  breadth,  1  mile. 

Yreka,  wi-re'ka,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Siskiyou  co., 
Cal.,  in  Yreka  township,  about  86  miles  E.  of  Crescent  City, 
and  30  miles  N.W.  of  Mount  Shasta.  It  is  surrounded  by 
mountains,  in  which  gold  is  found.  It  has  2  ohurohes,  a 
bank,  a  Catholio  seminary,  2  newspaper  offices,  and  ft 
foundry.    Pop.  in  1890,  1100;  of  the  township,  1719. 


TRE 


2882 


YUM 


Yreka,  n,  post-office  of  Doer  Lodge  co.,  Montana,  about 
70  miles  W.N. ^V.  of  Helena. 

Yrieix,  Saint«  s&.vt  eeVoe'i',  a  town  of  Frnnce,  in 
Ilauto-Vionno,  27  miles  S.  of  Limoges.  Pop.  3502,  It 
has  manufiioturea  of  poroolnin,  leather,  iron-  and  brass- 
ware,  candles,  oloth,  and  flannels. 

YrondOt  ee^rA.sd',  a  village  of  Franco,  in  Puy-de-Dftme, 
arrondissement  of  Clormont-Forrnnd.     Pop.  1149. 

Ysaico,  San  Salvador.     See  I/.ai.co. 

Yaer*  oe^tain',  a  river  of  Frnnce  and  Belgium,  rises  in 
the  department  of  Nord,  E.  of  Saint-Omer,  flows  N.E,,  and 
joins  the  Yporl6e  4^  miles  S.W.  of  Dixmude. 

Ysland,  a  Dutch  name  of  Iceland. 

Yslcta,  or  Isleta,  ocs-l4'til,  a  post- village  of  EI  Paso 
00.,  Tex.,  on  the  Rio  Urande,  about  hit.  31°  36'  N.  It  has 
a  church  and  a  Spanish  school.  The  population  is  mostly 
Mexican.     Pop.  in  1890,  1528. 

Ysschc,  isK  or  Is'K^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in  South 
Brabant,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  6172. 

Yssel,  Ijssel,  i's^l,  or  OvcrysscI  (ano.  Itn'la),  a 
river  of  the  Netherlands,  formed  at  Doesburg  by  the  union 
of  the  Old  Yssel,  which  rises  in  Rhenish  Prussia,  and  the 
New  Yssel,  a  branch  of  the  Rhine,  which  separates  from 
it  near  Arnhem.  It  flows  N.  past  Zutphen,  Devonter,  and 
Kampon,  and  enters  the  Zuyder  Zee.     Length,  80  miles. 

Yssel,  Neder,  ni'd^r  i's^I,  a  branch  of  the  Leek,  which 

S asses  Yssolstein,   Oudewater,  and  Qouda,  and  joins  the 
leuse  opposite  Ysselmonde.     Length,  30  miles. 
Ysselinonde  ("Yssel  Mouth"),  or  Ijsselmonde, 
I's^I-mAn'd^h,  an  island  and  district  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
South  Holland,  formed  by  two  branches  of  the  Mouse,  o' 


:!i 


posito  Rotterdam  and  the  mouth  of  the  Yssel.  Length,  15 
miles;  breadth,  5  miles. 

Ysselmonde,  or  Ijsselmonde,  a  town  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, in  South  Holland,  on  the  above  island,  and  on  the 
left  bank  of  the  Mouse,  opposite  the  mouth  of  the  Yssel. 

Ysselmuiden,  or  Ijssclmuiden,  rsel-raoi'd^n,  a 
Tillage  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Overyssel,  1  mile  W.  of 
Kampen. 

Ysselstein,  or  Ijsselstcin,  i's^I-stln^  a  town  of  the 
Netherlands,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Utrecht,  on  the  Yssel.  It  is 
walled,  surrounded  by  ditches,  and  traversed  by  a  canal 
called  the  Haven.     Pop.  3101. 

Yssingeaux,  oes*s<^x»^zho',  sometimes  written  Yssen- 
gcaiix,  a  town  of  France,  department  of  Haute-Loire, 
capital  of  an  arrondisseinent,  on  a  rocky  height,  13  miles 
N.E.  of  Le  Puy.  Pop.  3716.  It  has  manufactures  of  lace 
and  ribbons,  and  a  trade  in  cattle  and  timber. 

Ystad,  is'tid  or  iis'tid  (L.  hlndinm),  a  seaport  town  of 
South  Sweden,  Iten  of  Malmohus,  36  miles  E.S.E.  of  Malmo, 
on  the  Baltic.  Pop.  62U3.  It  has  manufactures  of  tobacco 
and  snuff,  chiccory,  soap,  woollen  cloths,  and  leather,  and 
some  ship-building.  Its  harbor  is  safe  and  spacious,  and 
it  has  a  regular  steam  communication  with  Stralsund. 

Yst'with,  a  river  of  Wales,  co.  of  Cardigan,  after  a 
W.  course  of  23  miles,  enters  Cardigan  Bay  at  Aberystwith. 

Yt,  an  island  of  Norway.     See  Vigte.v. 

Ytapua,  a  town  of  Paraguay.    See  Itapua. 

Ythan,  Ithan,  i'than,  or  Yeth'an,  a  river  of  Scot- 
land, CO.  of  Aberdeen,  flows  tortuously  E.,  and  enters  the 
North  Sea  at  Newburgh.     Length,  20  miles. 

Ythan  Wells,  a  town  of  Scotland,  co.  of  Aberdeen, 
about  10  miles  S.W.  of  Turriff.     Pop.  1494. 

Yton,  a  river  of  France.    See  Itos. 

Ytu,  or  Hytu,  a  town  of  Brazil.    See  Itu. 

Yuab,  a  county  of  Utah.    See  Juab. 

Yuan-Thee-Shan,orYuan-Thi-Chan,yoo-in'- 
t'hee-shdn,  a  mountain  of  China,  in  Hoo-Pe.  Lat.  30°  15' 
N. ;  Ion.  109°  4'  E.     It  is  covered  with  perpetual  snow. 

Yu'ba,  a  county  in  the  N.  part  of  California,  has  an 
•rea  of  about  800  square  miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by 
Bear  River,  on  the  W.  by  Feather  River,  and  is  drained  by 
the  Yuba  River  and  its  Middle  (or  North)  Fork.  The  sur- 
face is  diversified  by  high  hills,  deep  cafions,  and  fertile 
valleys  or  plains.  The  southwestern  part  is  nearly  level. 
This  county  has  abundiince  of  good  timber  on  the  high- 
lands. Among  the  forest  trees  are  the  fir  and  pine.  Bar- 
ley, wheat,  cattle,  wine,  hay,  and  fruits  are  the  staple  prod- 
ucts. The  orange,  lemon,  ind  olive  flourish  here  in  the 
open  air.  The  placer  gold-mines  of  this  county  are  very 
rich.  Yuba  co.  is  intersected  by  the  Oregon  division  of  the 
Central  Pacific  Railroad.  Capital,  Marysville.  Valuation 
of  real  and  personal  estate,  $5,887,764.  Pop.  in  1870, 
10,851,  of  whom  6144  were  Americans;  in  1880,  11,284, 

Ynba,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grand  Traverse  co.,  Mich.,  on 
the  E.  arm  of  Grand  Traverse  Bay,  about  12  miles  N.E.  of 
Traverse  City.    It  has  a  church. 


Yuba,  a  post-hamlet  of  Richland  oo..  Wis.,  15  miles 
S.W.  of  Wonewoc. 

Yuba  City,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Sutter  co.,  Cnl., 
on  the  W.  bank  of  the  Feather  River,  opposite  the  uiouih 
of  the  Yuba  River,  and  on  the  Oregon  division  of  the  Cen- 
tral Pacific  Railroad,  2  miles  S.W.  of  Marygvillo,  nnd  i(> 
miles  N.  of  Sacramento.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  news- 
paper  oflice. 

Yuba  River,  California,  is  formed  by  three  branches, 
the  North,  Middle,  and  South  Yuba,  which  rise  near  the 
Sierra  Nevada  and  unite  about  9  miles  N.W.  of  Nevada. 
It  runs  S.W.  through  Yuba  co.,  nnd  enters  the  Featlicr 
River  at  Marysville.     Gold  is  found  near  this  river. 

Yucatan,  yoo-ki-tin',  sometimes  called  Merida,  m  jr'- 
e-d4,  a  peninsular  state  of  Mexico,  washed  E.  by  the  Carib- 
bean Sea,  N.E.  by  the  Channel  of  Yucatan  (which  scparnlcH 
it  from  the  W.  extremity  of  Cuba),  and  N.  and  W.  by  the 
Gulf  of  Mexico,  and  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the  state  of  Cain- 
peachy.  Area,  29,560  square  miles.  The  coast  is  very  little 
broken,  has  in  general  a  very  bleak  and  arid  apjicarance, 
and  is  destitute  of  any  important  river.  Maize,  cotton,  rice, 
tobacco,  pepper,  sugar-cane,  dyewoods,  and  hides  are  ex- 
ported. The  principal  towns  are  Merida  (the  capital),  Val- 
ladolid,  and  Sisal.  'The  former  state  of  Yucatan  was  divided 
in  1861  into  the  two  states  of  Yucatan  nnd  Campcnchy. 
Pop.  302,315.  The  Bay  of  Yucatan  is  a  name  sometimes 
given  to  the  sea  immediately  N.  of  the  Bay  of  Honduras. 
The  Channel  of  Yucatan,  between  Yucatan  and  Cuba,  is 
120  miles  across. 

YuVatan',apo8t-ofiice  in  Yucatan  township,  Houston 
CO.,  Minn.,  on  an  affluent  of  Hokah  River,  about  26  miles  S. 
of  Winona.     Pop.  of  the  township,  783. 

Yucay,  a  river  of  Peru.    See  Vii.cabamba. 

Yue-Foong-Shan,  or  Yue-Foung-Chan,  yoo- 
A'foong-shin',  a  mountain  of  China,  province  of  Hoo-Nan. 
Lat.  26°  56'  N.;  Ion.  109°  32'  E.  It  is  covered  with  per- 
petual snow. 

Yuen-Hwa,  yoo-6n*hwi',  a  town  of  China,  province 
of  Che-Kiang,  at  some  distance  N.  of  Hang-Chow-Foo.  It 
has  a  large  silk-trade.     Pop.  100,000. 

Yuen-Kiang,  yoo-fin'ke-4ng',  a  river  of  China,  prov- 
ince of  Hoo-Nan,  enters  Lake  'Tong-Ting-Hoo  on  its  W. 
side,  after  a  N.E.  course  estimated  at  400  miles. 

Yuen-Ming -Yuen,  yoo-4n'mIng-yoo-in',  an  im- 
perial suburb,  5  miles  W.  of  Peking,  China,  celebrated  for 
its  royal  palaces  and  grounds. 

Yuen-Shan,  or  Yuen-Chan,  yoo-8n'shin,  a  town 
of  China,  province  of  Kiang-See,  in  a  valley,  230  miles 
S.W.  of  Ning-Po. 

Yuen-Tchoo,  Yuen -Tchou,  yoo-inVhoo',  or 
You-An-Tcheou,  yoo"4n'chd-oo',  a  town  of  China, 
province  of  Hoo-Nan,  capital  of  a  department,  on  the 
Yuen-Kiang.     Lat.  27°  24'  N. ;  Ion.  109°  40'  E. 

Yuen-Tchoo,  or  You-An-Tcheou,  a  town  of 
China,  province  of  Kiang-See,  capital  of  a  department, 
Lat.  27°  45'  N. ;  Ion.  114°  10'  E. 

Yugan  Dolshoi.    See  Yoogan  Bolshoi. 

Yugyakarta,  Java.     See  Djok.iokarta. 

Yu-Ho,  Eu-Ho,  yoo*ho',  or  Yun-Liang,  yfin- 
le-ing',  a  large  river  of  China,  rises  in  the  southeastern 
part  of  the  province  of  Shan-See,  from  which  it  flows  N.E., 
and  falls  into  the  Gulf  of  Pe-Chee-Lee  in  lat.  38°  59'  N., 
Ion.  117°  22'  E.     Its  length  is  about  140  miles. 

Yukon,  or  Youkon,  yoo'kon,  a  large  river  of  Alaska, 
rises  in  British  America,  about  lat.  57°  45'  N.,  Ion.  130°  45' 
W.,  runs  generally  westward,  and  enters  the  Pacific  Ocean 
by  several  mouths,  one  of  which  is  called  Kwikhpak.  Its 
length  is  estimated  at  2000  miles,  for  three-fourths  of  which 
it  is  navigable  by  steamers,  even  through  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains, which  it  traverses  by  a  narrow,  deep,  and  very  swift 
channel,  without  falls  or  obstructions.  The  scenery  of  this 
pass  is  very  grand.  The  Yukon  receives  many  large  tribu- 
taries, and  is  itself  the  largest  American  river  flowing  to 
the  Pacific. 

Yuk-Shan,  or  Yuk-Chan,  yfik^shin',  a  town  of 
China,  province  of  Kiang-See,  near  the  source  of  the  Kan- 
Kiang,  here  crossed  by  a  handsome  stone  bridge.  Lat.  28° 
40'  N. ;  Ion.  118°  40'  E.  It  has  an  important  transit  trade, 
the  merchandise  of  the  Bohea  Mountains  and  of  the  coun- 
tries E.  of  Po-Yang  Lake  being  gathered  here  for  transport. 

Yulee,  yu'lee,  a  post-office  of  Alachua  co.,  Fla. 

Yule  Island,  a  small  island  near  the  entrance  of  Hall 
Sound  (a  bay  of  Papua),  and  270  miles  E.  of  Torres  Strait. 

Yuma,  yoo'mS,,  or  Yuna,  yoo'nd,  a  river  of  Hayti, 
rises  in  the  mountains  of  Cibao,  flows  N.N.E.,  then  E.S.E., 
and  falls  into  the  Atlantic  by  a  broad  estuary.  Length, 
about  70  miles. 


YUM 


2883 


ZAA 


I  ima,  Bahama  Islands.     See  Exuma. 

'  una,  yoo'uil,  the  southwestern  most  county  of  Ari- 

borJors  on  Culif«rnia.     It  is  intersected  by  the  Qila 

■,  and  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Colorado  River, 

1   is  here   navij^ablo  by  steamboats.     The  surfiioe  is 

y  destitute  of  timber.    The  soil  is  sterile,  and  not  well 

■od.    Copper,  gold,  and  silver  are  found  in  this  county. 

il.  Yuma.      Valuation  of  real  and   personal   estate, 

ij.     Pop.  in  1870,  1(521,  of  whom  Cl'J  wore  Ameri- 

:  in  1876,  2212;  in  1880,3215. 

una,  formerly  Arizo'ua  City,  a  post-village,  cap- 
if  Yuma  CO.,  Arizona,  is  on  the  Colorado  River,  175 
from  its  mouth,  and  at  the  mouth  of  the  Gila  River, 
hit.  .32°  42'  N.,  250  miles  S.E.  of  Los  Angeles,  Cal.  It 
!  e  W.  terminus  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad  of 
ma.  It  has  a  church,  a  convent,  a  newspaper  ofBoe, 
ilso  the  Arizona  prison,  a  court-house,  a  jail,  and  other 
.0  buildings.  Steamboats  ascend  the  river  from  the 
of  California  to  this  place  and  many  miles  above  it. 
opposite  Fort  Yuma,  Cal.  Pop.  in  IS90,  2671. 
UUg«Nin^,  yung'ning',  a  city  of  China,  province  and 
niles  N.N.W.  of  Yun-Nan. 

ung-Pc,  yung'pA',  a  city  of  China,  capital  of  a  de- 
uent,  160  miles  N.W.  of  Yun-Nan. 
UUg'Ping,  yung'ping',  a  city  of  China,  province  of 
bee-Lee,  capital  of  a  department,  on  the  Lanho,  130 
}  E.  of  Peking. 

ang-Tchang,  yiing'ching',  or  Yong-Tchang, 
j'ching',  a  city  of  China,  province  and  210  miles  W. 
un-Nan,  capital  of  a  department,  130  miles  N.E.  of 
no  in  the  Burmese  dominions. 

UUg-Tchoo,  or  Yung-Tcliou,  yiing'choo',  a  city 
hina,  province  of  IIoo-Nan,  capital  of  a  department,  in 
26°  10'  N.,  Ion.  111°  30'  E. 

un-IIing,  yun'hing',  a  city  of  China,  province  of 

!f an,  capital  of  a  department.  Lat.  33°N. ;  Ion.  114°  E. 

un 'Liang,  a  river  of  China.    See  Yu-IIo. 

UU-Nan,  yun'nin',  the  most  S.W.  province  of  China, 

.ly  between  lat.  22°  and  28°  N.  and  Ion.  98°  and   106° 

laving  on  the  N.  and  E.  the  provinces  of  So-Chuen, 

i-Choo,  and  Quang-See,  and  on  other  sides  Thibet  and 

Burmese,  Laos,  and  An.amese  dominions.    Area,  107,969 

re  miles.     Pop.  5,561,320.     The  surface  is  broken  with 

.erous   mountains,   several   of  which    rise   above    the 

of  perpetual  snow.   This  province  contains  the  sources 

jany  important  rivers,  as  the  Salvvin,  the  Menam,  the 

g-Kiang,  and  the  Sang-Koi,  and  furnishes  important 

ributions  to  the  Y'ang-tse-Kiang  and  the  Me-Kong.    It 

»e  of  the  richest  provinces  of  China  in  mineral  prod- 

,  yielding  gold,  copper,  tin,  rubies,  sapphires,  and  other 

S,  besides   a  variety  of  gums,  varnishes,  ivory,  musk, 

,  and  horses.     There  is  in  the  province  of  Yun-Nan  a 

arkable  iron  chain  suspension-bridge,  thrown  across  a 

htful  mountain-gorge,  at  a  height  (if  we  may  credit  the 

I  lese  geographers)  of  not  less  than  3000  or  4000  feet. 

'  ras  constructed  about  the  middle  of  the  first  century  of 

I  Christian  era.    Several  other  bridges  of  the  same  class 

found  in  different  parts  of  China. 

'un-Nan,  a  city  of  China,  capital  of  the  above  prov- 

I,  situated  on  the  N.  side  of  a  lake.     Lat.  25°  10'  N.  ; 

I    102°  40'  E.    It  is  intersected  by  canals,  and  is  reported 

I  lave  a  flourishing  trade  in  metals,  with  manufactures  of 

I    fabrics  and  fine  carpets. 

I  fuiixPin,  a  town  of  Toorkistan.    See  Oochee. 
fnmiuera,  yoong-ki'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and 
niles  W.N.W.  of  Malaga.     Pop.  4162.    It  has  manufac- 
is  of  vroollen  cloths,  brandy-distilleries,  and  several 
ir-  and  oil-mills. 


YuD'Yang,  yfln^ying',  a  city  of  China,  province  of 
Hoo-Pe,  capital  of  a  department,  on  a  tributary  of  the 
Iloang-llo.     Lat.  32°  50'  N. ;  Ion.  110°  40'  E. 

Yupura,  a  river  of  South  America.    See  JAPnRA> 

Yurbtirg,  a  town  of  Russia.     See  YooiiBooiia. 

Yiirung-Kash,  yoo*rung'-kilsh,  a  town  of  Chincsa 
Toorkistan,  E.  of  Khoten,  comprising  1000  houses. 

Yuruug-Kash  (orKhotcn,  KoH4n')  Uiver, Chinese 
Toorkistan,  after  a  northward  course,  joins  the  Yarkand 
and  Aksoo  Rivers  to  form  the  Tarim,  near  lat.  40°  N.,  Ion. 
80°  30'  E.  Khoten  is  the  principal  town  on  its  banks. 
Total  length  estimated  at  250  miles. 

Yuste,  yoos'ti,  a  monastery  of  Spain,  province  of 
Cacercs,  near  Plasencia.  Here  Charles  V.  of  Spain  retired 
after  his  abdication,  and  died  in  1558. 

Yuthia,  a  city  of  Siam.     See  Ayuthia. 

Yut'ta  (the  Jnt'tah  of  Scripture),  a  town  of  Palestine, 
4  miles  S.  of  Hebron. 

Yu-Yeoo,  Yu- Ycou,  or  Yon-Yeou,  yoo'ye-oo',  a 
walled  town  of  China,  province  of  Che-Kiang,  N.W.  of 
Ning-Po,  on  the  river  of  that  name.  It  encloses  a  large 
hill  crowned  with  many  Booddhist  temples. 

Yuzgut,  or  Yuzkat,  Russia.     See  Yoozgat. 

Yverdun,  eeSJii'duN"',  or  Yverdon  (Ger.  Y/ciien, 
ee'f§r-tQn ;  anc.  Ebrodu'num),  a  town  of  Switzerland,  can- 
ton of  Vaud,  18  miles  N.  of  Lausanne,  near  the  mouth  of 
the  Orbe  (here  called  the  Thiele)  in  the  Lake  of  Neuf- 
chatel.  Pop.  5889.  It  has  a  town  house,  a  church,  a  hos- 
pital, and  a  good  trade  in  French  wines;  also  an  old  castle, 
in  which  Pestalozzi  established  his  celebrated  educational 
institute  in  1805. 

Yves-Goniez6e,  eev-go*m§h-zi',  a  village  of  Bel- 
gium, 24  miles  S.W.  of  Namur,  on  the  Yves.     Pop.  1953. 

Yvetot,  eev^to'  (anc.  Ivonis  f),  a  town  of  France,  in 
Seine-Inf6rieure,  capital  of  an  arrondissemont,  20  miles 
N."\V.  of  Rouen,  on  the  railway  to  Havre.  Pop.  7036.  It 
has  a  tribunal  of  commerce,  and  manufactures  of  woollen, 
cotton,  and  mi.\ed  goods,  printed  cottons,  velvets,  hosiery, 
and  hats. 

Yvias,  ceVe-i',  a  village  of  France,  in  C5te3-du  Nord, 
22  miles  N.W.  of  Saint-Brieuc.     Pop.  1584. 

Yvoir,  eev'waR',  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  and  9 
miles  S.  of  Namur,  on  the  Mouse.     Pop.  695. 

Yvoire,  eevSvau',  a  village  of  France,  in  Ilaute-Savoio, 
on  the  S.  bank  of  the  Lake  of  Geneva,  7  miles  W.  of  Thonon. 

Yvonaud,  ee'vo'n6K°',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
of  Vaud,  0  miles  N.E.  of  Yverdun. 

Yvorne,  ee'vonn',  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  of 
Vaud,  1  mile  N.  of  Aigle,  with  vineyards  which  yield  a 
wine  in  high  repute.     Pop.  880. 

Yvre- le -Polin,  eeVri'-l^h-poMis"',  a  village  of 
France,  department  of  Sarthe,  13  miles  E.N.E.  of  La 
Fleche.     Pop.  1428. 

Yvr6-l'Evequc,  eeVri'-liVaik',  a  village  of  France, 
department  of  Sarthe,  3  miles  E.  of  Le  Mans,  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Iluisne.     Pop.  2334. 

Yzabal,  a  village  of  Guatemala.    See  Izabal. 

Yzaico,  San  Salvador.     See  Izalco. 

Yzendyke,  Yzcndyk,  or  Ijzcndijk*  i'z?n-dik\  a 
town  of  the  Netherlands,  province  of  Zealand,  on  the  island 
of  Cadsand,  10  miles  E.N.E.  of  Sluis.     Pop.  2532. 

Yzernay,  ce'zdii'ni',  a  village  of  France,  department 
of  Maine-et-Loire,  arrondissement  of  Beaupreau.  P.  1993. 

Yzeurc,  or  Izcurc,  ee'zuii',  a  town  of  France,  in 
Allier,  2  miles  from  Moulins.     Pop.  3337. 

Yzcurcs,  ee*zun',  a  village  of  Franco,  department  of 
Indre-ct- Loire,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Grouse,  24  milea 
S.S.W.  of  Loches.    Pop.  1903. 


z. 


!ftab,  c&b,  a  district  of  Africa,  in  Algeria,  S.  of  the 
ater  Atlas  Mountains,  and  watered  by  the  Adjedi  and 
ad  Rivers,  which  flow  into  Lake  Melgig. 
!aab,  two  rivers  of  Koordistan.     See  Zab. 
Saamslag,  iJlms'lilo,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
Zealand,  18  miles  S.E.  of  Middelburg.     Pop.  2494. 
Haandam,  z&n-d&m'  (written  also  Zaardam,  Zar> 
m,  and  Saardam),  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  prov- 


ince of  North  Holland,  on  the  Zaan,  on  affluent  of  the  T, 
which  divides  it  into  East  and  West  Zaandam,  5J  miles 
N.W.  of  Amsterdam.  Pop.  12,129,  chiefly  engaged  in  ship- 
building and  in  seafaring  occupations.  In  its  vicinity  are 
numerous  windmills.  Here  is  the  house  in  which  Peter 
the  Great  resided  while  he  wrought  in  the  dock-yard. 

Zaandyk,  zAn-dik',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  on 
the  Zaan,  8  miles  N.W.  of  Amsterdam.    Pop.  2283. 


ZAA 


2884 


ZAi 


Znnnen,  or  Zanen  (c&'nf  n),  Oost  or  East,  a  rillnge 
of  the  NotherlaniiK,  in  North  llolland,  b  luiloa  N.  of  Atu- 
■tenlaui.     Pop.  1622. 

Zaanen,  West,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  North 
Holland,  7  miles  N.E.  of  Haarlem,  near  the  Y.    Pop.  2449. 

Zaurdam,  a  town  of  tlie  Netherlands.   See  Zaanham. 

Zab,  or  Zaab,  z^b,  commonly  called  the  Greater 
Znb  (nno.  Zab'atut  and  Ly'cut,  Za'ba  or  Za'bit),  a  river 
of  Turkish  Koordistan,  trioutary  to  the  Tigris,  rises  W. 
of  Lake  Ooroomeoyah,  near  lat.  .SS"  N.,  Ion.  44°  iiO'  E., 
flows  very  tortuously  S.S.W.,  and  joins  the  Tigris  about  25 
wiles  S.  of  Mosul.  The  total  course  mny  be  estimated  at 
20U  miles.  It  passes  through  many  precipitous  ravines, 
and  it  is  rapid  and  deep. 

Zabuknno,  il-bi-k&'no,  a  town  of  West  Africa,  lat, 
11°  20'  N.,  Ion.  2°  5'  E.,  250  miles  N.  by  B.  of  Abomey, 
beautifully  situated  on  a  commanding  height.  It  is  clean 
and  oncn.     Pop.  about  9000. 

Zab  Asfal,  &s'f&l'  (the  "Lesser  Zab"), also  called  Al- 
toon-Soo  (anc.  Caprusf),  a  river  of  Turkish  Koordistan, 
tributary  to  the  Tigris,  has  its  course  S.E.  of  the  Great 
Zab,  and  joins  the  Tigris  78  miles  S.E.  of  Mosul.  The 
country  between  these  rivers  is  undulating,  and  near  its 
centre  is  the  town  of  Arbil  (anc.  Arhela). 

Zabbanago,  z4b*bi-ni'go,  a  town  of  Burmah,  on  the 
AV.  bank  of  the  Irrawaddy,  65  miles  N.  of  Amarapoora. 
Near  it  are  some  ruby-mines. 

Zabara,  zi-bi'rfli,  a  town  of  Arabia,  on  the  Persian 
Gulf,  E.  of  the  Bahrein  Islands.     Lat.  26°  N. 

Zabern,  tsi'b^nn,  or  Saverne,  siVainn'  (anc.  Tre* 
Taber'nte),  a  town  of  Germany,  in  Alsace,  on  the  navigable 
Zorn,  an  aiBucnt  of  the  Rhine,  and  on  the  Paris  &  Stras- 
burg  Railroad,  20  miles  N.W.  of  Strasburg.  Pop.  5774. 
It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth,  hosiery,  hardwares, 
Ac,  and  some  trade  in  timber  from  the  Vosges  Mountains. 

Zabid,  a  town  and  river  of  Arabia.     See  Zebeed. 

Zabis,  an  ancient  name  of  the  Zab. 

ZablatOT,  or  ZablatOAV,  zl'bli-tov^  (?),  a  town  of 
Austrian  Galicia,  13  miles  E.S.E.  of  Kolomea.     Pop.  2173. 

Zabliak,  or  Zsabliak,  Montenegro.    See  Chabliak. 

Zabloodov,  Zabloudov,  or  Zabludov,  zjl-bloo- 
dov',  a  market-town  of  Russian  Poland,  government  of 
Grodno,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Bialystok.     Pop.  2000. 

Zaborowo,  z&-bo-ro'^o,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland, 
44  miles  S.S.W.  of  Posen. 

Zaborze,  tsi-boRt'sf  h,  a  town  and  commune  of  Prussian 
Silesia,  government  and  45  miles  S.E.  of  Oppeln.     P.  6914. 

Zacapa,  si-ki'pi,  a  town  of  Guatemala,  70  miles  N.E. 
of  the  city  of  Guatemala,  near  the  river  Motagua.  Esti- 
mated pop.  3000.  It  is  regularly  built.  The  principal 
edifices  are  a  handsome  church  and  a  court-house. 

Zacata,  E&-ki't&,  a  village  of  Peru,  department  of 
Cuzoo,  province  and  30  miles  S.W.  of  Chucuito. 

Zacatapequcs,  Guatemala.    See  Sacatepec. 

Zacatecas,  z3,k-a-ti'kis  or  si-ki-t^'kis,  a  state  of 
Mexico,  mostly  between  lat.  21°  30'  and  24°  50'  N.  and 
Ion.  100°  10'  and  103°  40'  W.,  surrounded  by  the  states  of 
Aguas  Calientes,  Jalisco,  Durango,  Cohahuila,  Nuevo  Leon, 
and  San  Luis  Potosi.  Area,  22,992  square  miles.  Pop. 
422,500,  who  live  mostly  by  mining  and  agriculture.  It 
belongs  to  the  central  table-land  of  Mexico,  which  is  for 
the  most  part  inhospitably  arid,  though  it  has  a  valuable 
agricultural  tract  in  the  state  of  Aguas  Calientes,  and  ex- 
tensive pastures,  on  which  vast  herds  of  cattle  are  raised. 
Zacatecas  is  a  rich  mining  state,  having  extensive  veins  of 
eilver,  upon  which  many  shafts  have  been  opened,  and  it 
has  been  estimated  that  its  mines  have  pfoduced  silver  to 
the  value  of  $1,000,000,000.  Chief  cities  and  towns,  Zaca- 
tecas, Sombrerete,  and  Fresnillo.  North  and  E.  of  Zaca- 
tecas the  country  is  divided  into  largo  breeding-estates 
and  is  very  thinly  peopled. 

Zacatecas,  the  principal  mining  city  and  capital  of 
the  state  of  Zacatecas,  Mexico,  is  in  a  narrow  valley,  150 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Guanajuato.  Pop.  30,000.  It  is  built 
over  a  vein  of  silver,  and  contains  good  residences,  various 
religious  edifices,  a  powder-mill,  a  mint,  a  theatre,  a  hos- 
pital, and  a  literary  institute. 

Zacatlan,  8&-k&t-l&n',  or  Xicotlan,  Be-ko-tl&n',  a 
village  of  Mexico,  40  miles  N.N.E.  of  Puebla. 

Zacatula,  s&-k&-too'li,  a  town  of  Mexico,  in  the  state 
of  Mexico,  on  the  Bolsas  River,  near  its  mouth  in  the 
Pacific,  ISO  miles  W.N.W.  of  Acapulco. 

Zachan,  ts&'Kin,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  11 
miles  E.S.E.  of  Stargard.     Pop.  1481. 

Zacken,  ts^'k^n,  a  river  of  Prussian  Silesia,  has  its 
source  in  the  Riesen-Gebirge,  flows  N.E.,  and  joins  the 
Sober  near  Hirschberg. 


Zack'ville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wirt  co.,  W.  Va.,  40  milei 
S.  of  Parkersburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Zacualpan,  si-kwil-pln',  a  vitlnge  of  Mexico,  state 
and  65  miles  S.S.W.  of  Mexico,  with  some  silver-mines. 

Zacualtipan,  s&kw&l-to-p^n',  a  town  of  Mexico,  state 
and  100  miles  N.E.  of  the  city  of  Mexico. 

Zacynthus,  Ionian  Islands.    See  Zante. 

Za'doc,  a  post-office  of  York  oo.,  S.C,  7  miles  N.  of 
Yorkville. 

Zadonsk,  or  Sadonsk,  z&-donsk',  a  town  of  Russia, 
government  and  53  miles  N.N.W.  of  Voronezh,  on  tlio  loft 
bank  of  the  Don.  It  has  several  ecclesiastical  and  educa- 
tional institutions.     Pop.  9073. 

Zafar,  a  town  of  Arabia.    See  DnoPAR. 

Zafaran-Iloli,  zl-fa-rdn'-bo'lce,  a  town  of  Asia  Mi- 
nor, in  Anntoliji,  at  the  junction  of  two  small  affluents  of 
the  Bartan-Soo  (anc.  Parthe'niut),  about  60  miles  E.N.E. 
of  Doli,  and  90  miles  N.  of  Angora.  Pop.  15,000,  mostly 
Mohammedans.  It  has  a  tolerable  market,  4  handsome 
mosques,  2  large  khans,  several  public  baths,  a  large  trade  in 
saffron  (whence  its  name),  and  some  Byzantine  antiquities, 

Zatfarano,  dzil'-fl-ri'no,  a  market-town  of  Sicily,  in- 
tendency  and  12  miles  N.  of  Catania,  on  the  E,  declivity  of 
Mount  Etna,     Pop.  3683. 

Zaffarin,  7.4f -fl-reen'  (Zafarine,  zl-fl-rcen',or  Za- 
phran,  z&-fr&n')  Islands,  a  group  in  the  Mediterranean, 
belonging  to  Spain,  off  the  coiist  of  Morocco,  near  the  fron- 
tier of  Algeria,  and  opposite  the  mouth  of  the  river  Mul. 
weeya,  W.  extremity  in  lat.  35°  11'  N.,  Ion.  2°  27'  7"  W. 

Zafferabad,  z&rf^r-&-bS.d',  a  town  of  British  India^ 
district  and  14  miles  N.  of  Jounpoor. 

Zatfran,  zif-frin',  or  Zatt'eran,  z&f-f^r-iln',  a  marl, 
time  town  of  North  Africa,  dominions  and  240  miles  E.S.E, 
of  Tripoli,  on  the  shore  of  the  Gulf  of  Sidra.  Lat.  31°  12' 
10"  N. ;  Ion.  17°  E. 

Zafra,  thi'frfl,  (anc.  Serjeda  T  and  lieetituta  ?),  a  town 
of  Spain,  province  and  37  miles  S.E.  of  Badajos.  Pop. 
5965.  It  has  manufactures  of  hats,  earthenware,  and  leather, 
and  a  castle,  church,  and  hospital. 

Zagarise,  dzi-gil-ree'sA,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
N.N.E.  of  Catanzaro.     Pop.  1545. 

Zagarolo,  dzi-gi-ro'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and 
19  miles  E.S.E.  of  Rome.     Pop.  6197.     It  has  a  palace. 

Zagazeeg,  or  Zagazig,  zi^gi-zeeg'  (also  written 
Sagasig),  a  town  of  Egypt,  capital  of  a  province,  at  the 
junction  of  several  railways,  and  on  the  sweet-water  canal 
leading  from  the  Nile  to  the  isthmus,  75  miles  by  rail  N.W. 
of  Suez.  It  is  near  the  ruins  of  Bubaatis,  and  is  a  great 
cotton-mart.     Pop.  (1882)  19,046. 

Zagern,  a  village  of  Austria.     See  Zagra. 

Z agora,  z4-go'r1l,  a  market-town  of  Turkey,  in  Albania, 
15  miles  S.E.  of  Paramythia. 

Zagora,  a  village  of  Europe,  in  Thessaly  (Greece),  near 
the  coast,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Volo.  Cape  Zagora  is  a  head- 
land, 2  miles  N.E.  of  this  village,  and  Mount  Zagora  is 
the  modern  name  of  Mount  Pelion  (immediately  W.),  also 
of  the  ancient  Mount  Helicon.     See  Helicon. 

Zagoshi,  an  island  of  Guinea.     See  Zegozhee. 

Zagra,  zCg'r6h\  or  Zagern,  t88,'gh§rn,  a  village  of 
Austria,  Transylvania,  24  miles  from  Bistritz.     Pop.  1000. 

Zagrab,  a  city  of  Austro-IIungary.     See  Agram. 

Zagros,  zi'gros*,  a  mountain-range  of  Asia,  forming 
a  part  of  the  boundary  between  Persia  and  the  Turkish 
pashalic  of  Bagdad.  Lon.  46°  E,,  and  between  lat.  33" 
and  35°  N. 

Zagyva,  z5h'ghee'v5h\  a  river  of  Hungary,  flows  S. 
past  Paszto,  Hatvan,  and  Jasz-Ber6ny,  and  joins  the  Theisi 
at  Szolnok,  after  a  course  of  90  miles. 

Zahara  (Great  Desert).     See  Sahara. 

Zahara,  thl-i'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  Andalusia,  province 
of  Cadiz,  on  a  lofty  hill,  crowned  by  a  castle.     Pop.  1281, 

Zah'leh,  a  town  of  Syria,  35  miles  N.AV.  of  Damascus. 
Pop.  about  10,000,  It  was  nearly  destroyed  during  the 
Druse  insurrection  of  1860. 

Zahna,  tsi'ni,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  on  the  Ber- 
lin <fc  Leipsic  Railway,  7  miles  E.N.E.  of  Wittenberg.  Pop. 
2341.     It  has  manufactures  of  linen  fabrics. 

Zahn'ville,  a  post-ofiice  of  Cloud  co.,  Kansas. 

Zahoo,  or  Zahu,  zi-hoo',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey, 
64  miles  N.N.W.  of  Mosul,  on  the  Khaboor,  an  affluent  of 
the  Tigris. 

Zai,  or  Sai,  zl,  a  river  of  Russia,  rises  in  the  N.W.  of 
the  government  of  Orenboorg,  flows  N.N.W.,  and  joins  the 
Kama  on  the  loft,  near  the  junction  of  the  governments  of 
Orenboorg,  Viatka,  and  Kazan,  after  a  course  of  120  miles. 

Zaidpoor,  zad-poor',  a  town  of  India,  in  Bengal, 
province  of  Oude.    Pop.  10,680. 


ZAI 


2885 


rania,  oo.  of 


Zaikany,  zrkln',  a  village  of  Transvl 
Hunyad,  28  miles  S.S.W.  of  Deva.  ^ 

Zaire,  or  Zahir,  a  river  of  Africa.    See  CoVgo. 
Zaisan,or  Zaizan,  zl-zin',  written  also  Dzaisane. 
Mng'  (Chinese,  Ko„g.ICo.To),  a  lake  of  Chinese  W 

15'  and '84040'?"'''  '"'.V'^"  ^"'.^•'  "°^  ''«'^^^°"  '»"•  83° 
m.nr.f  T    ^*',  ^^  "«'^'- th«  frontier  of  the  Russian  govern- 

M  r^l,  T.'^'  ^'"°''''  ^"""^  ^-  '°  ^^^  SO  ■»"««  5  breadth, 
wM^h  ♦>;«  T^Vf  ^'T  "«'°«'-0"«  rivers,  the  principal  of 
Trt't  o'n  its'S'sfd?^^  ''  ^^  '''  ^-  -^'--t/a„d  eLrgea 

•  Zaisenhausen,  t3i'z?n-h5w*z?n,  a  town  of  Baden 
circle  of  Middle  Rhine,  bailiwick  of  Bretten.     Pop   1223  ' 

Zakalia,  an  island  of  Africa.    See  Zara 

•  J'l'''?  V  ?aklikow,  zi-klee'kov,  a  town  of  Rus- 
•lan  Po  and,  39  miles  SAV.  of  Lublin,  on  the  Sanna. 

•  .!^-?^V\^  zi-kloo'chin,  a  village  of  Austrian  Gali- 
Cia,  16  miles  S.E.  of  Bochnia. 

Zakopana,  z4-ko-pd'ni,  a  village  of  Austrian  Galicia, 
about  20  mi^es  S.W.  of  Neu  Sandec,  on  the  frontiers  of 
Hungary.     Pop.  2185.     It  has  iron-mines. 

Zakopy,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Reichstadt 
Zakotnaia,  or  Zakotnaja,  zi-kot-ni'i,  a  town  of 
Russia,  in  Voronezh,  85  miles  S.W.  of  Pavlovsk. 
Zaia,  a  county  of  Hungary.    See  Szalad. 
Zaiamea,  thd-ia-mi'd  (anc.  ntpa?),  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  74  miles  E.S.E.  of  Badajos.  Pop.  4436.  Near 
It  IS  a  parish  church,  with  a  tower  which  is  the  most  re- 
markable object  in  the  place,  having  belonged  orio'inally 
to  a  monument  erected  in  a.d.  103  in  honor  of  the  Emperor 
Trajan.     An  ancient  mine  of  argentiferous  lead  is  in  opera- 
tion ;  iron  ore  is  also  found  in  abundance. 

Zaiamea  la  Real,  th.\-l4-mA'4  Id  ni-ii',  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  and  35  miles  N.E.  of  Huelva.  Pop.  2235, 
who  manufacture  woollens,  leather,  and  cordage.  Xear  it 
are  the  famous  copper-mines  of  Rio  Tinto. 

Zaiathiia,  zohMot'noh,  or  Zlakna  (Ger.  Kleintchlat- 
ten,  klin-shlit'ten),  a  town  of  Transylvania,  on  an  affluent 
of  the  Maros,  18  miles  W.  of  Karlsburg.  It  has  a  mining 
tribunal,  and  mines  of  gold,  silver,  lead,  and  mercury. 

Zaiesczyky,  or  Zaieszczyky,  zi-lish-chJk'ee,  a 
town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  26  miles  S.  of  Czortkow,  on  the 
Dniester.     Pop.  1516. 

Zaies'ki,  a  post-village  in  Madison  township,  Vinton 
CO.,  0.,  on  Raccoon  Creek,  and  on  the  Marietta  &  Cincin- 
nati Railroad,  41  miles  E.  of  Chillicothe,  and  20  miles  W. 
by  S.  of  Athens.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper  office,  and 
a  colliery.  The  machine-shops  and  car-shops  of  the  rail- 
road are  located  here. 

Za'lia,  a  post-office  of  Union  oo.,  Iowa, 
Zal4naf',  a  group  of  islets  in  the  Strait  of  Macassar, 
W.  of  Celebes.     Lat.  5°  30'  S.;  Ion.  118°  30'  E. 

ZaMoon',  a  town  of  British  Burmah,  on  the  main  Ir- 
rawaddy,  about  30  miles  below  Henzada.     Pop.  5105. 

Zaiosze,  or  Zaiosce,  zi-losh'4,  a  market-town  of 
Austrian  Galicia,  on  the  Sered,  23  miles  S.S.E.  of  Brody. 
Pop.  4820.  It  has  an  ancient  castle,  a  convent,  and  manu- 
factures of  fine  woollen  cloths. 

Zait  Boinmel,  Netherlands.    See  Bommel. 
Zambales,  sim-bi'13s,  a  province  of  the  Philippines, 
on  the  W.  of  the  island  of  Luzon,  forming  a  long  and  nar- 
row belt  stretching  about  90  miles  between  the  Bay  of 
Lingayen  on  the  N.  and  that  of  Subie  or  Suba  on  the  S. 
Capital,  Iba.     Pop.  37,035. 
Zainberg,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  SENtTExnEHO. 
Zambezi,  or    Zambeze,  zAm-bi'zee,    called    also 
Cuama,  kwi'md,  a  river  of  East  Africa,  enters  the  Indian 
Ocean  by  numerous  mouths  between  17°  and  19°  S.  lat.     The 
Quilimane  River,  formerly  regarded  as  its  main  mouth,  has 
been  ascertained  to  be  a  distinct  stream,  except  in  floods, 
when  the  two  rivers  communicate.     The  upper  part  of  the 
Zambezi  is  called  Lecba  and  Leeambye.     The  lower  Zam- 
bezi  receives,  through  the  river  Shir6,  the  waters  of  the 
great  lake  Nyassa.     It  is  noted  for  its  cataracts,  of  which 
the  Victoria  Falls  (lat.  17°  55'  S.,  Ion.  26°  32'  E.)  are  the 
principal.     At  the  mouths  of  the  Zambezi  are  bad  bars,  and 
the  river  is  navigable  only  for  small  vessels.     It  is  about 
1800  miles  long,  and  is  by  far  the  largest  stream  on  the 
eastern  vergent  of  Africa, 
Zamboanga,  and  Zaraboangan.  See  Samboanoa, 
Zamora,  th4-mo'r4  (anc.  Ocellodurumf),  a    city  of 
Spain,  capital  of  the  province  of  Zamora,  on  the  Douro,  31 


ZAW 


miles  N.N  W.  of  Salamanca,  Pop.  12,416.  It  is  enclosed 
by  decayed  walls,  and  has  a  cathedral,  hospitals,  barracks, 
a  court-house,  public  granary,  bi.-hop's  palace,  the  rcmaini 
01  an  ancient  castle,  and  manufactures  of  serges,  hats, 
leather,  liqueurs,  and  gunpowder.  The  town  is  entered  by 
i  gates.  In  early  history,  Zamora  was  on  imporUnt  fron- 
tier  town  against  Moorish  invasions.  It  was  recovered  from 
the  infidel  in  748  by  Alfonso  I.,  El  Cat61ioo.  In  July,  839. 
It  was  besieged  by  Abd-er-Rahman  III.,  when  a  desperate 
battle  was  fought  for  its  relief  by  Ramiro  II.,  and  the  Mos- 
lems  were  defeated.  Zamora  was  then  enclosed  by  7  lines 
An  iTnft  a',""*^  ^^^  fV'^iis  between  were  defended  by  mouU: 
40,000  Moors  are  said  to  have  been  killed  in  these  trenches. 
In  J85  It  was  taken  and  destroyed  by  the  great  Al-Mansoor : 
but  It  was  rebuilt  by  Ferdinand  I. 

Zamora,  a  province  of  Spain,  in  Leon,  bounded  ^7. 
by  1  ortugal.     Area,  4135  square  miles.     Pop.  250,968. 

Zamora,  sd-mo'rd,  a  town  of  Ecuador,  department  of 
Asuay,  province  and  25  miles  E.  of  Loja,  on  the  Zamom 
River,  an  affluent  of  the  Amazon. 

Zamora,  84-mo'r4.  a  market-town  of  Mexico,  state  of 
Michoacan,  75  miles  W,N.W.  of  Morelia. 

Zamora,  a  S.W,  central  state  of  Venezuela,  Area, 
1(,030  square  miles.     Pop.  59,449,     Capital,  Barinas. 

Zamora,  sd-mo'rJ,  or  Galea,  kdl'ki,  a  town  of  Peru, 
department  and  20  miles  N.  of  Cuzco. 

Zamora,  z4-mo'ri,  or  Comora,  ko-mo'r&,  a  market- 
town  of  Portugal,  in  Estremadura,  20  miles  N.E.  of  Lisbon. 
Zamora,  za-mo'rdor  za'mo'ri'(anc.  Hor'rea  Ce'lia),  a 
small  town  of  Algeria,  105  miles  S.E.  of  Algiers. 

Zamo'ra,  a  post-village  of  Hamilton  co.,  Kansas,  on 
the  Atchison  &  Topeka  Railroad,  about  100  miles  W.  of 
Dodge  City, 

Zamosz,  zi'mosh,  or  Zamose,  il'mfists,  a  strongly 
fortified  town  of  Russian  Poland,  government  and  45  miles 
S.E.  of  Lublin,  on  the  Wieprz.  Pop.,  excluding  garrison, 
6781.  It  has  an  extensive  arsenal,  which  has  been  fortified 
since  1807  as  a  bulwark  on  the  line  of  the  Vistula. 

Zamosz,  Stari,  sti'ree  zi'mosh,  a  town  of  Russian 
Poland,  13  miles  N.N.W.  of  Zamosz.  Pop.  4003.  It  has 
a  lyceum,  and  is  strongly  fortified. 

Zamota,  zi-mo'td,  a  market-town  of  Russia,  govern- 
ment of  Minsk,  47  miles  W.  of  Disna.     Pop.  1550, 
Zana,  a  lake  of  Abyssinia.    See  Dembba. 
Zancara,  thdn-kd'rd,  a  river  of  Spain,  joins  the  Qua- 
diana.     Total  course,  exclusive  of  windings,  114  miles. 
Zanchwitz,  Prussia.    See  Ziandowitz. 
Zancle,  the  ancient  name  of  Messixa. 
Zandobbio,dzdn-dob'be-o,  a  village  of  Italy,  prorinoo 
and  11  miles  E,  of  Bergamo,     Pop.  1167. 

Zandvlict,  zindVleet',  a  fortified  town  of  Belgium, 
province  and  10  miles  N.N.W.  of  Antwerp,  near  the  right 
bank  of  the  Scheldt.     Pop,  1200, 

Zane,  a  township  of  Logan  co.,  0,    Pop,  879. 
Zaiien,  Netherlands.    See  Zaane.h. 
Zanesficid,  zanz'feeld,  a  post-village  in  Jcfierson  town- 
ship, Logan  CO.,  0.,  on  Mad  River,  5  miles  E.  of  Bellefon- 
taine.     It  has  3  churches.     Pop,  400. 

Zanesvillc,  ziinz'vll,  a  post-bamlct  in  Zancsville 
township,  Montgomery  co.,  111.,  6  miles  W.  of  Raymond, 
and  about  12  miles  N.  of  Litchfield.  It  has  a  church  and 
a  flour-mill.     Pop.  of  the  township,  1901, 

Zanesville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wells  co,,  Ind.,  on  Bc« 
Creek,  about  18  miles  S.W,  of  Fort  Wayne.  It  is  portly  in 
Allen  CO,     It  has  2  churches,  and  flour-  and  saw-mills. 

Zanesvillc,  a  city,  capital  of  Muskingum  oo.,  0.,  is 
situated  on  the  Muskingum  River,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Licking,  and  on  the  National  Road,  59  miles  E.  of  Columbus, 
78  miles  W.  of  Bellaire,  and  168  miles  E.N.E.  of  Cincinnati. 
Lat.  39°  57'  N. ;  Ion.  81°  58'  W,  It  is  on  the  Cincinnati  A 
Muskingum  Valley  Railroad,  and  the  Central  Ohio  division 
of  the  Baltimore  A  Ohio  Railroad,  the  trains  of  which  here 
cross  the  Muskingum  River  on  an  iron  bridge  538  feet  in 
length.  Steamboats  can  ascend  that  river  to  this  city.  It 
is  regularly  planned,  has  wide  streets,  ond  is  lighted  with 
gas.  The  water  of  the  river  is  distributed  through  the  city 
from  a  reservoir  which  contains  about  2,000,000  gallons. 
Zanesville  contains  a  court-house,  19  churches,  a  high 
school,  a  national  bank,  3  other  banking-houses,  and  print- 
ing-oflices  which  issue  3  doily  and  7  weekly  newspapers. 
Several  bridges  across  the  river  connect  Zanesville  with  th« 
suburbs  of  Putnam,  West  Zanesville,  4«.  lU  prosperity  !• 
partly  derived  from  extensive  manufactures  of  steam-en- 
gines, flour,  iron,  glass,  carriages,  paper,  woollen  goods,  and 
sash,  blinds,  Ac.  It  contains  a  cotton -factory,  i  flouring- 
mills,  2  or  3  glass.fnctories,  3  manufactories  of  engines  and 
boilers,  3  iron-foundries,  3  woollen-mills,  2  papcr-mitls,  aa 


ZAN 


2886 


ZAR 


Iron-farnaoe,  a  roUing-mill,  and  2  tile-faotorlea.  Pop.  in 
1870,  10,011,  or,  including  Putnam  nnd  West  Zanesyille, 
13,805;  in  1P80,  18,113;  in  1890,21,009.  Bituminous  coal 
abounds  in  tho  hills  which  surround  Zanesrille. 

/nn^,  a  town  of  Thibet.    See  Tkshoo-Loomboo. 

Xniigcia,  z&ng-g4'yAi,  a  town  of  Central  Africa,  in 
IIous.<n,  50  miles  S.IO.  of  Kano. 

Znngnoinang,  Kdng^no-u)&ng',  a  town  of  British  Bur- 
m.-xh,  province  of  Pogu,  on  the  Pegu  lliver,  immediately 
oppoiiite  tho  city  of  I'egu. 

Zaiig^uebar,  tlng'gh&-bar',  a  name  frequently  giren 
by  geographers  to  a  long  tract  on  the  E.  coast  of  Africa. 
The  word  Zanguebar  (properly  Zangebar,  with  rj  hard)  is 
c'juivalent  to  the  Arab  expression  Ber  ez-Zing  or  cs-Zinj, 
the  "land  of  the  Zinj  or  Zing,"  being  derived  from  Zinj  or 
Zing,  the  ancient  Arabic  namoof  the  East  African  negro,  and 
tho  Persian  or  Indian  word  Bar,  "country."  Zanguebar 
commences  whore  the  indigenous  black  population  takes 
the  place  of  tho  swarthy  Somaulee  race,  that  is,  at  the  S. 
fide  of  the  river  Juba,  near  the  equator;  it  originally  ex- 
tended S.  much  farther  than  at  present,  but  the  Portuguese, 
drawing  a  distinction  between  Zanguebar  and  the  coasts 
which  they  claimed  or  occupied,  fixed  its  S.  limit  at  Cape 
Delgado.     See  Zaxzibau. 

Zaiiicn,  dzi-ne'ki,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  5 
miles  S.S.W.  of  Bergamo.     Pop.  1923. 

Zaniemyschl,  tsi'nee-mish'l'  or  zln'yi-raishT,  a  town 
of  Prussian  Silesia,  S.E.  of  Poson.     Pop.  1520. 

ZailOW,  tsl'nov,  a  town  of  Prussian  Pomerania,  7  miles 
£.N.E.  of  Coslin.     Pop.  2323.     It  has  distilleries. 

Zanshausen,  tsdns'how^z^n,  a  village  of  Prussian 
Pomerania,  province  of  Brandenburg,  9  miles  N.E.  of 
Lnndsberg,  with  iron-works. 

Zans^kar',  a  river  of  Ladakh,  or  Middle  Thibet,  rises 
near  lat.  32°  40'  N.  and  Ion.  78°  E.,  flows  N.W.,  then 
N.N.E.  to  its  junction  with  the  Indus,  near  lat.  34°  10'  N. 
and  Ion.  77°  25'  E.     Length,  140  miles. 

Xanskar,  an  elevated  region  of  Ladakh,  or  Middle 
Thibet,  between  lat.  33°  and  34°  N.  and  Ion.  76°  20'  and 
77°  30'  E.  It  is  traversed  from  S.E.  to  N.W.,  near  its  S. 
frontier,  by  a  mountain-chain  about  18,000  feet  high,  here 
forming  the  watershed  between  the  Chcnaub  and  the  Indus. 

Zanta,  a  lake  of  Turkey.     Sec  SciiTAni. 

Zante,  zin'to  or  zin'td,  or  Zacynthus,  zd-sin'thus 
(Or.  ZaKvyOo^,  Zakunthos),  one  of  tho  Ionian  Islands,  Medi- 
terranean, about  10  miles  S.  of  Cephalonia,  and  15  miles 
from  the  nearest  point  of  the  Morea.  Lat.  of  N.  point, 
37°  56'  N. ;  Ion.  20°  41'  E.  It  is  about  24  miles  long  by 
12  miles  broad,  and  is  indented  with  a  deep  bay  at  its  S.E. 
extremity.  The  E.  coast  has  a  harbor,  within  which  is  situ- 
ated tho  town  of  Zante.  The  greater  part  of  the  interior 
consists  of  an  extensive  plain,  which  is  extremely  fertile. 
Gypsum  appears  in  various  parts ;  but  the  most  remarkable 
mineral  feature  of  Zante  is  its  pitch-wells,  situated  about 
10  miles  from  tho  town,  and  celebrated  since  the  time  of 
Herodotus.  Earthquakes  frequently  occur.  The  chief  ex- 
]iijrts  are  currants,  oil,  soap,  and  a  little  wine.  Pomegran- 
ates, melons,  peaches,  citrons,  and  other  fruits  are  grown. 
Area,  277  square  miles.     Pop.  44,557, 

Zante,  a  town  of  the  Ionian  Islands,  capital  of  the 
above  island,  on  its  E.  side,  at  the  head  of  a  bay  or  harbor. 
It  is  built  chiefly  in  the  Italian  style,  the  houses  being 
seldom  more  than  one  story  high.  The  principal  street  is 
broad  and  handsome ;  the  market-place  is  spacious,  and 
serves  both  for  an  exchange  and  a  public  promenade.  The 
churches  are  numerous,  generally  substantial,  and  richly 
decorated  within.  Its  port  is  protected  by  a  wall,  and  has 
a  light-house,  Zante  is  the  see  of  a  Greek  protopapas  and 
a  Human  Catholic  bishop.  It  was  nearly  destroyed  by  an 
earthquake  on  October  30,  1841.     Pop.  17,516. 

Zanzibar,  z&n'ze-bar',  or  Zanguebar,  zing^ghe- 
bar'  (Fr.  Zanzibar,  z6N°*ze*baR',  or  Sanaibar),  a  sultanate 
or  empire  of  Eastern  Africa,  comprising  the  islands  of  Zan- 
zibar, Monfia,  and  Pemba,  and  many  smaller  coast-islands, 
with  a  narrow  strip  along  the  coast  of  the  mainland  from 
about  lat.  2°  30'  N.  to  10°  45'  S.  Its  ruler  (called  the  sul- 
tiin  by  Europeans,  and  sayi/eed  by  Ar.ibs  and  natives)  be- 
came independent  of  the  Imaum  of  Muscat  in  1862,  and 
the  sultanate  passed  under  British  protection.  Chief  towns, 
Zanzibar  (the  capital),  Mombas,  and  Quiloa.  In  1886  a 
joint  commi3^'ion  representing  the  governments  of  Great 
Britain,  Germany,  and  France  fixed  the  boundaries  of  Zan- 
libar  on  the  mainland  and  defined  their  own  several 
"  spheres  of  influence"  in  the  sultan's  dominions,  thus 
virtually  reducing  the  sultanate  to  little  more  than  a 
Mtrapy  of  those  governments.  The  island  of  Zanzibar 
Ues  on  the  E.  coast  of  Africa,  extending  from  lat.  5°  43'  to 


6°  28'  S.,  about  50  miles  in  length,  and  with  a  brondth 
of  15  or  18  miles.  Area,  650  square  miles.  It  is  sepa- 
rated from  the  mainland  by  a  strait  about  25  miles  wide, 
thinly  beset  with  coral  reefs.  The  island  of  Zanzibar, 
like  all  the  islands  on  this  coast,  is  of  coral  formation, 
nnd  comparatively  low.  Its  E.  side  presents  a  continuous 
and  tolerably  uniform  wall  of  coral  rock,  often  30  feet  or 
more  above  the  sea,  nnd  overhanging  the  waves.  On  the 
W.  side  the  shores  are  much  lower  and  much  more  irregu- 
lar. Tho  surface  of  Zanzibar  is  undulating,  and  the  soil 
is  extremely  rich.  It  presents,  therefore,  an  agreeable 
scene,  the  variety  and  luxuriance  of  tho  vegetation  com 
pensating  for  the  monotony  of  the  ground.  It  is  sufliciently 
watered,  though  the  rivulets  are  small.  Zanzibar  is  now  the 
chief  market  in  the  world  for  the  supply  of  ivory,  gum 
copal,  and  cloves.  Its  imports  consist  chiefly  of  .American, 
English,  and  Indian  cottons,  cowries,  hides,  salt  fish,  rice, 
beads,  ghee,  muskets,  gunpowder,  sandal-wood,  bullion,  Ac, 
to  the  value  of  about  $2,300,000  per  annum.  The  exports 
com])rise  ivory,  cloves,  gum  copal,  hides,  cowries,  sesamum, 
cocoa-nuts,  timber,  oil,  red  pepper,  .fee. ;  value  per  annum, 
about  $2,000,000.  The  cloves  are  entirely  the  produce  of 
tho  islands  of  Zanzibar  and  Pemba.  The  first  clove  trees 
were  introduced  in  1840,  from  the  Mauritius  :  being  found  to 
thrive,  they  were  extensively  planted,  and  their  cultivation 
has  now  almost  superseded  that  of  sugar  and  rice,  which 
were  formerly  the  chief  products  of  these  islands.  The 
average  crop  of  cloves  is  about  7,000,000  pounds.  Cotton 
and  sugar-cane  grow  in  great  perfection,  but  are  not  ex- 
ported. Pop.  of  the  island,  probably  300,000.  The  town 
of  Zanzibar  (native,  Unr/itja),  the  capital  of  tho  island  and 
sultanate,  is  situated  on  the  W.  coast  of  the  island,  and  con- 
tains a  pop.  of  about  80,000.  It  has  a  large  French  hos- 
pital, and  the  fine  cathedral  church  of  the  Anglican  bishop ; 
ship-building,  stone-masonry,  goldsmiths',  silversmiths', 
cojipcrsmiths',  and  blacksmiths'  work,  besides  manufac- 
tures of  cotton  goods  and  trinkets,  are  carried  on.  Tho 
foreign  trade  is  very  extensive  and  important.  The  harbor 
of  Zanzibar  (anc.  Menu'thias  Si'mis)  is  commodious  and 
perfectly  safe. 

Zupadnaia-Kolima.    See  Indighirka. 

Zapara,  si-pd'ri,  an  island  and  castle  of  Venezuela, 
18  miles  N.E.  of  Maracaybo,  opposite  the  mouth  of  Lake 
Maraeaybo.     Length  of  the  island,  12  miles. 

Zapata,  s3,-pi't&,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Texas, 
bordering  on  Mexico,  has  an  area  of  about  1500  square 
miles.  It  is  bounded  on  the  W.  by  the  Rio  Grande.  The 
surface  is  mostly  level.  The  soil  produces  pasture  for  many 
sheep,  horses,  and  cattle.  AVool  is  one  of  the  chief  articles 
of  export.  Capital,  Carrizo.  Valuation  of  real  and  per- 
sonal estate,  $267,642.  Pop.  in  1870,  1488,  of  whom  321 
were  Americans;  in  1880,  3636. 

Zapatera,  si-pi-ti'rS.,  one  of  the  largest  islands  of 
Lake  Nicaragua,  in  tho  republic  of  Nicaragua.  It  has  a 
mountainous  surface  nearly  2000  feet  high. 

Zapati,  zi-pi'tee,  a  post-oSice  of  Costilla  co..  Col. 

Zapatosa,  or  Zapatoza  (zi-pi-to'si  or  si-p4-to'si; 
Sp.  pron.  thd-pi-to'thi),  a  lake  of  the  United  States  of 
Colombia,  35  miles  S.E.  of  Mompox,  is  an  enlargement  of 
the  river  Sesar  before  it  joins  the  Magdalena.  Length, 
about  25  miles;  breadth,  22  miles. 

Zaphran  Islands.    See  Zaffarix  Islands. 

Zapotia,  thA-pot'13,,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state  of  Jalisco, 
100  miles  N.E.  of  Colima.  It  has  a  great  trade  in  cochi- 
neal.    Pop.  20,000, 

Zara,  zi'rA  (It.  pron.  dzi'rl;  anc.  Jadcra),  a  city  of 
Austria,  the  capital  city  of  Dalmatia,  on  a  peninsula,  op- 
posite the  island  of  Ugliano  in  the  Adriatic,  73  miles  N.W. 
of  Spalato,  and  170  miles  S.E.  of  Venice.  Lat.  44°  N. ; 
Ion.  15°  14'  E.  Pop.  about  8000,  mostly  of  Italian  descent; 
and  the  villages  of  its  immediate  vicinity  have  from  20,000  to 
30,000  inhabitants.  It  is  surrounded  with  walls  of  Venetian 
construction,  which  form  its  chief  public  promenade,  and  is 
strongly  fortified.  It  has  a  cathedral  and  6  other  churches, 
many  convents  and  monasteries,  a  naval  and  militarj'  ar- 
senal, a  theatre,  barracks  occupying  a  Roman  edifice,  a 
lyceum,  a  gymnasium,  an  episcopal  seminary,  a  museum,  and 
a  number  of  Roman  remains.  Its  harbor  is  small,  but  it 
has  active  fisheries  and  a  good  coasting-trade.  The  prin- 
cipal manufactures  are  of  maraschino  and  leather,  and  of 
silk  and  linen  fabrics,  Zara  is  the  see  of  an  archbishop. 
Near  it  are  remains  of  a  fine  aqueduct  built  by  Trajan. 
See  Zara-Vecchia. 

Zara,  zi'ri',  a  village  of  Asia  Minor,  pashalic  and  40 
miles  N.E.  of  Seevas.  Pop.  about  300  families.  It  has  a 
large  mosque  and  a  neat  Armenian  church, 

Zarafshan,  Russian  Toorkistan,     See  Zerafshan. 


ZAR 


2887 


ZEB 


Zaragoza,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Saraoossa 
Zaraisk,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Saraisk. 
/:arand,zohV6nd',  a  S.E.  county  of  Hungary,  bordering 

rnZ'ir^T    A^tV^"^  ''1"'^^«  ■"""«•     Pop-  63,382^ 
^nrand,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  of  Arad,  60  milw  N  E 
ofTemesvar.     It  has  manufactures  of  tobacco. 
Zaransk,  a  town  of  Russia.    Sec  Saransk. 
Xaraiiz,  tlia-r6wtli',  a  town  of  Spain,  province  of  Gui- 
puzcoa,  on  the  Bay  of  Biscay,  3  miles  W.  of  St.  Sebastian 
T  ^'■,^,';^?*'*'*''*'  ^^'''^-  (<"■  dzi'ra,-)  vik-U-K,   "Old 
^-i     l^"''.",'.'^'"''' '^"''"'*'°'"  ^'''r7'-«rf;  anc.  Dlando'na, 
or  Al  bit  Mnru'ima),  a  village  of  Dalmatia,  17  miles  S  E 
ot  Zara.    It  was  once  an  important  place,  and  the  residence 
ot  the  Croat  kings,  but  was  ruined  during  the  wars  of  the 
\  enotians  with  the  kings  of  Hungary.     Pop.  450 

Zara  (or  Zer'ah)  Zakalia,  zil'ri^  zd-kil'lo-i,  the 
southernmost  of  the  Kerkini  Islands,  off  the  E.  coast  of 
Tunis,  North  Africa. 

Zardam,  Netherlands.   See  ZAANDAir. 
Zarephath,  a  Scriptural  name  of  Surapevd. 
Zarevokokshaisk,  or  Zarewokokschaisk,  zi- 
tA  vo-kok-shisk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  70  miles 
N.W.  of  Kazan.     Pop.  1124. 

Zarcvosantschiirsk,  or  Zarewosantschnrsk, 
zl-ri  vo-zdn-choousk',  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and 
145  miles  S.W.  of  Viatka.     Pop.  992. 

Zarew,  zi-r5v',  a  town  of  Russia,  in  the  government 
of  Astrakhan.     Pop.  7996. 

Zargoon,  Zargoun,  or  Zargun,  zar'goon',  a  small 
town  of  Persia,  province  of  Ears,  14  miles  N.E.  of  Sheeraz. 
Zaria,  or   Zariya,  za'ree'ya,  the  capital   town   of 
Zeg-Zeg,  a  country  of  Central  Africa,  near  12°  N.  )at.  and 
8°  E.  Ion.     Pop.  estimated  at  40,000. 
Zariaspa,  an  ancient  name  of  Balkh. 
Zaritzyii,  or  Zarizyn,  Russia.    See  Tsaritsiit 


Sut-ett^m'Sur  ''''  ^""^'"*-  °^  ^'-''jo  -««  ^'^ 
Zatecz,  the  Bohemian  for  Saak 

t„lf  %*"'-i  ^^m'm'w  ^*"'"  °f  Austrian  Qalicia,  on  the  Vif- 
tula,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Wadowice.     Pop.  1.370 

Zanditz,  tsOw'dits,  or  Saudicc,  sSw-dco'tfi,  written 
also  Sudzice,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  government  of 
Omieln,  7  miles  S.W.  of  Ratibor.     Pop.  1200 

Zavala,  za-v4'14,  a  county  in  the  S.  part  of  Texw 
Area  about  1200  square  miles.  It  is  inte^cct^  by Ti 
K.0  Nueces  and  the  Leona.  The  ^urfiico  is  uneven  or 
Z7J/-\r\  ^^.'  r'   '^  """"'y  """"Itivated.     Cap"ui 

Zavanasco,  dz4-v&-nas'ko,  a  vilh.go  of  Italy,  pror 
incc  and  9  miles  N.  of  Pavia,  «;  the  Pafia  Canal. ^'  ^ 


Zarki,  zaii'kee,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  government 
of  Kiclce,  26  miles  N.N.W.  of  Olkusz.     Pop.  2700. 

Zar'nah,  a  ruined  city  of  Persian  Koordistan,  in  the 
Zagros  Mountains,  65  miles  S.AV.  of  Kermanshah,  and  con- 
jectured by  Major  Rawlinson  to  have  been  the  capital  of 
Elymais,  and  the  Ifara  of  the  Captivity. 

Zarno,  dzau'no,  a  market-town  of  Austrian  Galicia,  11 
miles  N.N.W.  of  Tarnow.     Pop.  1500. 

Zarnow,  zan'nov,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  gorern- 
ment  of  Radom,  12  miles  W.N.W.  of  Konskio. 

Zarnowice,  zan-no-^eet'si,  a  town  of  Poland,  govern- 
ment and  44  miles  S.W.  of  Kielce,  with  a  ruined  castle, 
near  the  Pilica.     Pop.  1200. 

Zarrentin,  tsau-nSn-teen',  a  village  of  Mecklenburg- 
Schwerin,  on  the  S.W.  shore  of  Lake  Sehall,  20  miles 
W.S.W.  of  Schwerin.     Pop.  1777. 

Zarskoe-Selo,  Russia.    See  Tsarskoe-Selo. 
Zarta,  a  town  of  Albania.    See  Arta. 
Zariima,  z3,-roo'mi,  a  town  of  Ecuador,  25  miles  N.W. 
of  Loja,  on  the  Tumbez.     Pop.  6000.     In  its  vicinity  are 
excellent  silver-mines. 

Zarza  Capilla,  thaR'thS,  ki-peel'yi,  a  town  of  Spain, 
in  Estremadura,  province  and  80  miles  from  Badajos,  on 
the  Sujar.     Pop.  1570. 

Zarza  de  Alange,  thaR'thl  dd  d-ling'ni,  a  town  of 
Spain,  province  of  Badajos,  on  the  Guadiana,  11  miles  S.E. 
of  Merida.     Pop.  3002. 

Zarza  de  Granadilla,  than'thl  di  gri-ni-Deel'yil, 
a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  province  of  Cacercs,  on 
a  low  plain.     Pop.  1319. 

Zarza  de  Montanches,  than'thi  d4  raon-tln'chJs, 
a  town  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura,  province  and  about  20 
miles  from  Caccres.     Pop.  1071. 

Zarza  la  Mayor,  than'thi  14  mT-oR',  commonly  called 
Zarza-Qiiemada,  than'thi  ki-mi'ni,  a  town  of  Spain, 
13  miles  N.E.  of  Alcantara.     Pop.  3315. 

Zarziss,  zan'ziss*,  a  maritime  town  and  castle  of  Tunis, 
on  the  frontier  of  Tripoli,  60  miles  S.E.  of  Cabes. 

Zashiversk,  zi-she-vaiask',  a  village  of  East  Siberia, 
province  of  Yakootsk,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Indighirka. 
Lat.  66°  30'  N. ;  Ion.  142°  E. 

Zaslav,  Zaslaw,  zis-liv',  or  Iziaslav,  e-ze-is-liv', 
a  town  of  Russia,  in  Volhynia,  on  the  Gorin,  20  miles  S.E. 
of  Oitrog.  It  has  manufactures  of  cloth.  Pop.  7360,  com- 
prising many  Jews. 

Zasinuk,  tsis'mSok  or  z4s'mo5k,  a  town  of  Bohemia, 
4  miles  S.E.  of  Kaurzim.  It  has  2  castles,  a  Franciscan 
convent,  and  some  breweries  and  distilleries.     Pop.  2080. 

Zastaw'iia,  a  town  of  Austria,  province  of  Bukowina. 
Pop.  2867. 

Zatas,  zi'tis,  or  Zoraya,  so-ri'i,  a  river  of  Portugal, 
'ormed  by  the  junction  of  the  rivers  Sora  and  Erva,  joins 


Zavatarcllo,  dzi-vi-ti-ril'lo,  a  town  of  Italy,  pror- 
ce  of  Pavia,  10  miles  N.AV.  of  Bobbi.).     Pop   1813 
Za'vis,  a  post-ofiScc  of  Kewaunee  co..  Wis 
Zawila,  a  town  of  Africa.    Sec  Zikkla 
Zawoja,  zi-wo'yi.  a  town  of  Austria,  in  'Oalicia,  cirol* 
of  Wadowice.     Pop.  4808.  — ,      « w 

Zayendeh-llood,ariverof  Persia.  Sec  Zexdarood. 
Ziayi,  zi  yoe,  a  ruined  city  of  Mexico,  in  Yucatan,  70 
miles  S.  of  Merida,  finely  situated  among  a  range  of  hill*. 
Us  rem.ains  comprising  a  vast  building. 

Zbarasz,  zbi'rish,  or  Zbaraz,  zbl'rlih,  a  town  of 
Austrian  Galicia,  12  miles  N.E.  of  Tarnopol,  on  the  Ikra. 
Pop.  6772.  It  has  an  ancient  castle,  Roman  Catholic  and 
Greek  churches,  a  Bernardino  monastery,  and  a  trade  in 
corn  and  pork. 

Zbirow,  zbee'rSv,  a  town  of  Aastria,  in  Bohemia,  24 
miles  S.W.  of  Prague.     It  has  iron-works.     Pop.  1991. 

Zbo'ro',  a  town  and  two  castles  of  North  Ilungarr.es. 
of  Saros,  27  miles  N.N.E.  of  Eperies. 

Zborow,  zbo'rSv',  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Galicia,  drcl« 
of  Zloczow.     Pop.  3078. 

Zbrazlawitz,  zhbrlz-ll'^its,  a  market-town  of  Bo- 
hemia, 13  miles  S.W.  of  Czaalau.     Pop.  1200. 
Zdiar,  a  town  of  Moravia.    Sec  Saar. 
Zdonice,  a  town  of  Moravia.    See  Steixitj!. 
Zduny,  zhdU'nee  (?),  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland,  5T 
miles  S.S.E.  of  Posen.     Pop.  3352. 

Zca,  or  Zia,  zee'4  (anc.  Ce'o$ ;  Gr.  K/«it),  an  Island 
of  the  Grecian  Archipelago,  belonging  to  the  group  of 
the  Cyclades,  13  miles  E.  of  Cape  Colonna.  Greatest 
length,  from  N.N.E.  to  S.S.W.,  13  miles;  central  breadth, 
8  miles.  Lat.  (Mount  St.  Elias)  37°  37'  18"  N.;  Ion.  24' 
21'  45"  E.  It  is  of  a  very  compact  and  somewhat  oval 
form.  Beyond  the  coasts,  which  are  generally  low,  the 
ground  rises  in  fine  terraces  towards  the  centre,  where  it 
culminates  in  Mount  St.  Elia«.  The  climate  is  salubrious, 
and  the  soil  fertile  and  well  cultivated,  producing  in  abnn> 
dance  barley,  silk,  cotton,  wine,  valonia,  and  fig«.  P.  3789. 
Zea  (anc.  Mis),  a  town  of  the  Grecian  Archipelago, 
capital  of  the  above  island,  on  a  small  stream,  aoont  S 
miles  from  the  N.W.  shore. 

Zealand,  zee'land  (Dutch,  Zetland,  ri'lint),  the  most 
S.  province  of  the  Netherlands,  between  lat.  51"  14'  and 
51°  45'  N.  and  Ion.  3°  30'  and  4°  7'  E.,  having  E.  the 
province  of  North  Brabant,  S.  and  S.W.  the  Belgian  prov- 
inces of  Antwerp  and  West  Flanders,  W.  the  North  Sea, 
and  N.  the  province  of  North  Holland.  Area,  1101  »qumr« 
miles.  Pop.  in  1886,  196,373.  Zealand  proper  eompriJM 
the  islands  of  Walcheren,  Beveland,  Tholcn,  Duiveland, 
and  Schouwen,  between  the  mouths  of  the  Scheldt  and  the 
Mouse.  The  surface  is  little  above  the  level  of  the  sea, 
and  is  protected  against  its  irruption  by  dams  and  dikes; 
besides  the  islands  the  province  comprise*  a  portion  of  the 
continent  S.  of  the  Scheldt.  The  principal  products  are 
grain,  cattle,  butter,  madder,  seeds,  potatoes,  hemp,  and 
turnips.  Linen-weaving,  distilling,  brewing,  snit-rcfining, 
tile-making,  and  ship-building  are  the  chief  branches  of 
manufacturing  industry.  The  principal  towns  are  Middel- 
burg  (the  capital),  Flushing,  Zicrikzee,  and  Goes. 

Zealand,  or  Zeeland,  a  village  of  the  Netberlandc, 
in  North  Brabant,  17  miles  E.  of  Bois-le-Dne.     Pop.  1718. 
Zca'land,  a  post-bamlct  of  Addington  co.,  Ontario,  23 
miles  N.W.  of  Perth. 

Zealand,  an  island  of  Denmark.    See  Sbklaxd. 
Zealand,  New.    See  New  Zealand. 
Zeandale,  teen'd&l,  a  township  of  Riley  oo.,  Kaana. 
Pop.  431. 

Zebayer,  le-bl'tr,  a  group  of  islands  in  the  Red  Sm, 
about  lat.  IS"  N.  and  Ion.  42*  E.  It  consiitj  of  Jibbel- 
Zebayer,  the  easternmost  and  largest ;  Saba,  N.W.  by  W. 
of  tho  former;  Connected  Island,  an  estraordinary  hiith 


ZEB 


2888 


Z£L 


ruKK^-topped  rook,  joinod  to  Saba  bj  a  reef;  Saddle, 
Table  Peak,  Rugged,  und  Ilnycock  Islands,  and  Jibbel- 
Teor,  34  miles  N.N.W.  of  Jibbel-Zebayer.  Saddle  Island 
was  in  eruption  on  August  14,  1S46. 

Zcbccu,  or  Zebid,  zob^ced'  or  z^-boed'  (nno.  Sabat), 
a  fortified  town  of  Arabia,  dictrict  of  Yemen,  on  the  river 
Zeboed,  15  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Red  Son,  and  110 
miles  S.W.  of  Sana.  Pop.  7000.  It  is  enclosed  by  high 
walls  flanked  with  numerous  towers,  and  is  of  great  an- 
tiquity. The  river,  stitcd  to  be  almost  the  only  stream  in 
Arabia  which  continues  to  the  coast,  flows  N.  through  a 
fertile  valley  for  about  80  miles. 

Zclieny,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Sebkx. 

Zebriik,  zhA'brik  (sometimes  written  Schebrak),  or 
Dctllern,  bitt'lim,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  10  miles  S.W. 
of  IJeraun.     Pop.  1703. 

Zebu,  ze-boo',  or  Cebn,  so-boo'  (Sp.  pron.  thi-boo'), 
»n  island  of  the  Malay  Archipelago,  Philippine  Isles,  sep- 
arated on  the  W.  from  the  island  of  Negros  by  the  Strait  of 
Tafion,  and  having  on  the  E.  the  dependent  islands  of  Mac- 
tan  and  Bohol,  between  lat.  9°  20'  and  11°  N.  and  Ion.  123° 
and  124°  E.  It  forms  a  long  and  comparatively  narrow 
belt,  with  a  sandy  and  somewhat  stony  soil,  not  so  well 
adapted  to  culture  as  most  of  the  other  Philippine  Islands. 
It  suifers  much  from  want  of  water,  as  rain  seldom  falls, 
and  when  it  docs  fall  is  quickly  absorbed.  It  has,  notwith- 
standing, many  fertile  valleys,  which  yield  good  crops  of 
rice,  sugar,  cotton,  tobacco,  millet,  and  the  best  cocoa  in  the 
Philippines  ;  also  extensive  pastures,  on  which  great  num- 
bers of  cattle,  sheep,  and  goats  are  fed.  The  climate  is 
remarkably  pleasant,  the  excessive  heat  being  tempered  by 
an  evening  and  a  morning  breeze.  Pop.  320,000.  The 
capital  town  is  situated  near  the  centre  of  the  E.  shore, 
opposite  the  island  of  Mactan,  is  divided  by  a  stream  into 
two  parts,  and  has  a  fine  cathedral,  a  handsome  episcopal 
palace,  and  a  lepers'  hospital.  It  has  a  good  harbor  and 
an  important  trade,  chiefly  with  Manila.  On  the  island  of 
Mactan,  Magellan  (Magalhacns)  was  killed  in  a  skirmish 
in  1521.     Pop.  of  town,  30,000. 

Zebn,  or  Cebu,  a  province  of  the  Philippines,  which 
includes,  in  addition  to  the  island  of  Zebu,  the  islands  of 
Mactan,  Batayan,  Sicijon,  Bohol,  and  Camotes,  and  forms 
44  pueblos.     Pop.  389,073. 

Zeb'ulon,  a  post-village,  capital  of  Pike  co.,  Ga.,  12 
miles  S.  by  W.  of  Griffin,  and  about  50  miles  S.  of  Atlanta. 
It  has  2  churches  and  a  high  school. 

Zcchin,  z^K'in,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Brandenburg, 
near  Kilstrin.     Pop.  1700. 

Zedelghem,  zi'd§l-Gh6m\  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
West  Flanders,  6  miles  S.W.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  3429. 

Zedenick,  or  Zetidenik,  tsi'd^h-nik^,  a  town  of 
Prussia,  in  Brandenburg,  on  the  Havel,  11  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Templin.     Pop.  2904. 

Zedik,  zSd'eek'  (?),  a  town  of  Persia,  province  of  Ghi- 
lan,  20  miles  W.  of  Reshd.  It  consists  of  about  500  houses, 
ouilt  on  a  steep  mountain-side. 

Zed'lar's  Mill,  a  post-office  of  Gonzales  co.,  Tex. 

Zeeland,  an  island  of  Benmark.    See  Seeland. 

Zeeland,  Netherlands.    See  Zealand. 

Zee'land,  a  post-village  in  Zeeland  township,  Ottawa 
00.,  Mich.,  near  Black  River,  on  a  branch  of  the  Chicago 
So  West  Michigan  Railroad,  20i  miles  S.W.  of  Grand  Rapids, 
and  5  miles  N.E.  of  Holland.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  bank- 
ing-house. 

Zegan,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Sagan. 

Zegedin,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Szegedin. 

Zeggers  Cappel,  zSg'gh^rs  kip'pSl  (Fr.  pron.  zi^- 
ghain'  k4p*p8l'),  a  village  of  France,  in  Nord,  10  miles  S. 
of  Dunkirk.     Pop.  1768. 

Zcghen,  z4-gh6n'  (?),  or  Zcghan,  a  town  of  Central 
Africa,  in  Fezzan,  about  100  miles  N.N.E.  of  Moorzook. 
It  is  surrounded  by  palm-groves. 

Zegozhee,  z5g*o-zhec',  written  also  Zagoshi,  Guinea, 
an  island  in  the  Niger  River,  opposite  the  town  of  Rabba. 

Zcgwaard,  zfigVint',  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  South  Holland,  8  miles  E.  by  S.  of  The  Hague.    P.  1397. 

Zcg-Zeg,  zSg'zfig',  a  kingdom  or  country  of  Soodan, 
intersected  by  the  12th  parallel  of  N.  latitude  and  the  10th 
meridian  of  E.  longitude.     Capital,  Zaria. 

Zeliden,  tsi'd^n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  of  Bran- 
denburg, 40  miles  N.  of  Frankfort.     Pop.  1939. 

Zehdenik,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Zedenick. 

Zehol,  a  palace  of  Peking.     Sec  Ziiehol. 

Zeiiree,  zi'ree'  or  zfin'r'ee,  a  town  of  Beloochistan, 
capital  of  the  province  of  Jhalawan,  35  miles  S.E.  of  Kelat, 
in  a  fertile  district  of  its  own  name,  and  reported  to  be  of 
•ome  importance. 


Zeiden,  M'd^n,  or  Feketehalon,  f&'k&'t&'h&'lon\ 
a  market-town  of  Transylvania,  in  Sa.xonland,  at  the  foot 
of  a  mountain,  co,  and  8  miles  N.W.  of  Kronstadt.  Pop. 
3220,  many  of  whom  are  occupied  in  cotton-weaving. 

Zcidler,  tsl'dl^r,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Bohemia, 
circle  of  Leitmeritz.     Pop.  1671. 

Zeiglersvillc,  zeeg'l^rz-vll,  a  post-village  of  Mont- 
gomery CO.,  Pa.,  in  Frederick  township,  on  the  Pcrkiomen 
Railroad,  31  miles  S.  of  Allentown,  and  37  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Philadelphia.  It  has  manufactures  of  carriages  und 
harness,  2  stores,  and  a  grist-mill. 

Zeijst,  Netherlands.     See  Zeist. 

Zeil,  tsilc,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  circle  of  Lower  Fran- 
conia,  near  the  Main,  4  miles  S.S.E.  of  Hassfurt.  I'op 
1368.     It  has  a  monument  to  the  Eii^peror  Ma.\imilinn. 

Zeila,  or  Zeileli,  a  town  of  Africa.     See  Zkvla. 

Zciskam,  tsis'kim,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  in  the  Palat 
inate,  canton  of  Germersheim.     Pop.  1824. 

Zcist,  Zeyst,  or  Zeijst,  zist,  a  parish  and  village  of 
the  Netherlands,  province  and  5  miles  E.  of  Utrecht.  Pop, 
5626.  It  has  a  colony  of  Moravian  Christians,  who  manu- 
facture lacquered  wares,  jewelry,  gloves,  and  soap. 

Zeitooii,  Zeitoun,  or  Zeitiin,  zi'toon',  a  place  of 
Asia  Minor,  on  the  route  from  Arabgheer  to  Aleppo,  with 
mines  from  which  excellent  iron  ore  is  obtained. 

Zeitoon,  Zeitoun,  or  Zcitiin,  z4"toon',  a  district 
of  Persia,  province  of  Fars,  E.  of  Behbehan,  and  highly 
fertile  and  populous.  Its  village,  Zeitoon,  is  in  ruins.  See 
also  Lamia,  and  Gulf  of  Lamia. 

Zeitz,  tslts,  a  walled  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  govern- 
ment of  Mcrscburg,  on  the  White  Elster,  23  miles  S.W.  of 
Leipsic.  Pop.  16,480.  It  has  a  cathedral,  a  Protcstnnt  gym- 
nasium, 2  castles,  one  of  which  now  serves  as  a  house  of  cor- 
rection, and  manufactures  of  cotton  goods,  earthenware, 
leather,  pianos,  silk  fabrics,  linens,  and  woollen  goods,  with 
breweries,  distilleries,  and  cotton-printing-works.  There 
are  some  large  coal-mines  in  its  vicinity. 

Zekanovets,  or  Zekanovetz.    See  Ciechanowiec. 

Zeks'ville,  a  post-office  of  Montgomery  co.,  Va. 

Zcia,  an  txicicnt  name  of  Zilleii. 

Zelada,  dzi-li'd.'l,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  8 
miles  N.AV.  of  Pavia,  on  the  Ticino. 

Zclan'dia  (Dutch  pron.  zi-liln'do-i),  a  fort  of  Dutch 
Guiana,  and  the  residence  of  its  governor,  immediately  N, 
of  the  town  of  Paramaribo,  in  lat.  6°  47'  N.,  Ion.  68°  32'  W. 

Zelania,  Nova  Zembla.     See  Jelania. 

Zelanz,  a  town  of  Austria.     See  KLACENFunrn. 

Zclaya,  or  Celaya,  si-lil'yi,  a  town  of  Mexico,  state 
and  35  miles  S.E.  of  Guanajuato,  on  the  route  to  Queretaro 
and  Mexico.  Pop.  about  10,000.  It  has  a  fine  square, 
several  convents  rich  in  works  of  art,  and  2  magnificent 
churches.     It  is  the  seat  of  some  cotton-manufiictures. 

Zele,  zi'l?h,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanders,  4 
miles  N.W.  of  Dendermonde,  on  the  Scheldt  and  Durme. 
Pop.  11,665.  It  has  a  hospital,  several  schools,  and  manu- 
factures of  cotton  cloths,  sail-cloth,  <tc. 

Zelechow,  z.\-IA'kov,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  prov- 
ince  and  30  miles  S.W.  of  Siedlcc. 

Zelhem,  zil'hJm,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Gel- 
derland,  20  miles  E.  of  Arnhera.     Pop.  3724. 

Zelienoplc,ze-le-en-o'p'l,  apost-borough  of  Butler  co., 
Pa.,  in  Jackson  township,  on  Conequenessing  Creek,  and  on 
the  Pittsburg,  New  Castle  &  Lake  Erie  Railroad,  35  milca 
N.  by  W.  of  Pittsburg,  and  12  miles  E.N.E.  of  New  Brigh- 
ton.  It  has  5  churches,  2  tanneries,  and  a  manufactory  of 
threshing-machines. 

Zell,  or  Zelle,  a  town  of  Hanover.    See  Celle. 

Zell,  a  town  of  WUrtcmberg.     See  Liebenzell. 

Zell,  tsSll,  a  market-town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  29  miles 
S.W.  of  Coblentz,  on  the  Moselle.     Pop.  2274. 

Zell,  a  town  of  the  grand  duchy  of  Baden,  2i  miles  E. 
of  Offenburg.     Pop.  1545. 

Zell,  a  market-town  of  the  grand  duchy  of  Baden,  on 
the  Wiessen,  20  miles  S.  of  Freiburg.     Pop   2156. 

Zell,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  18  miles 
N.W.  of  Lucerne.     Pop.  1171. 

Zell,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton  and  15  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Zurich,  on  the  Toce.     Pop.  1858. 

Zell-am-Harmersbach,  tF^ll-am-han'mQrs-blK*,  a 
town  of  Baden,  circle  of  Middle  Rhine,  on  the  Kinzig,  10 
miles  S.E.  of  Offenburg.     Pop.  1394. 

Zellerfcid,  or  Cellerfeld,  tsjri?r-f5lt',  a  town  of 
Prussia,  in  Hanover,  opposite  Clausthal,  from  which  town 
it  is  separated  by  the  Zellerbach.  Pop.  4260.  It  has  a 
gymnasium  and  a  mint. 

Zellersee,  the  same  as  Unter-See  (Switzerland). 

Zellin,  tsil-leen',  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  of  Bran- 


ZEL 


ZEV 


denburg,  government  and  23  miles  N.N."W.  of  Frankfort 
OB  the  Oder.     Pop.  2155. 

Zeilingen,  tsSl'ling-^n,  a  village  of  Bavaria,  on  the 
Main,  9  miles  N.N.W.  of  Wurzburg.    Pop.  1991. 
Zell,  Lake  of.    See  Lake  op  Zell. 
Zell'AVOOd,  a  post-office  of  Orange  co.,  Fla. 
Zeltingen,  ts5It'ing-§n,  a  village  of  Rhenish  Prussia, 
22  miles  N.E.  of  Treves,  on  the  Moselle.     Pop.  1500. 

Zclva,  zSl'vi,  or  Zelwia,  z51've-4,  a  river  of  Russia, 
government  of  Grodno,  joins  the  Niemen.  Length,  70  miles. 
Zelva,  or  Zelwia^  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and 
52  miles  S.E.  of  Grodno,  on  the  above  river.     Pop.  1000. 

Zelzaete,  z51-zi.'ti,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of 
Bast  Flanders,  12  miles  N.  by  B.  of  Ghent.     Pop.  2750. 

Zembin,  z5m-bin'  or  z6ra-been',  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment of  Minsk,  22  miles  N.W.  of  Borissov.    Pop.  1500. 
Zeine,  dzi'mi,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Pavia,  about  6 
miles  from  Mortara.     Pop.  2164. 

Zemlia  Boiska  Don  Skago.    See  Cossacks. 
Z  em  I  in,  a  town  of  Austria.    See  Semlin. 
Zemninki,  a  town  of  Asiatic  Russia.    See  Troitsk. 
Zempelburg,  ts6ra'p9l-b6SRa\  or  Zemplcn,  tsSmp'- 
Ijn,  a  town  of  West  Prussia,  61  miles  W.S.W.  of  Marien- 
werder.     Pop.  3516.    It  has  Roman  Catholic  and  Lutheran 
churches,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloth  and  linens. 

Zem'plin  (Ilun.  pron.  zSm^plin'  or  zSm^pleen'),  a  county 
of  Hungary,  Hither  Theiss,  bounded  N.  by  Galicia.  Area, 
2392  square  miles.  Ujhely-Satoralja  is  the  capital.  Pop. 
292,771.  It  is  partly  mountainous,  and  is  famous  for  the 
production  of  the  Tokay  wines. 

Zcmplin,  a  town  of  Hungary,  on  the  Bodrog,  8  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Ujhely-Satoralja.     Pop.  720. 
Zem  Zem,  a  post-office  of  Lake  co.,  Cal. 
Ze'na,  a  post- hamlet  of  Polk  co.,  Oregon,  7  miles  W. 
of  Salem.     It  has  a  church,  a  carriage-shop,  and  a  store. 

Ze'nas,  a  post-village  of  Jennings  co.,  Ind.,  4i  miles 
N.  of  Nebraska,  and  about  30  miles  N.  of  Madison.  It 
has  a  church.     Pop.  150. 

Zenasco,  dz4-n5.s'ko,  a  village  of  Italy,  in  Novara, 
near  Cava,  and  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Po,  from  the  in- 
undations of  which  it  often  suffers. 

Zendarood,  Zendarud,  or  Zendah-Rud,  zSn*- 
dS,-rood'  (i.e.,  "living  stream"),  written  also  Zayendeh- 
Rood,  a  large  river  of  Persia,  province  of  Irak-Ajemee, 
rises  in  the  Bakhtiyari  Mountains,  near  the  sources  of  the 
Karoon,  flows  E.  past  Ispahan,  and  is  lost  in  the  sands  of 
the  Persian  Desert,  about  150  miles  E.  of  that  city. 

Zengg,  or  Zeng,  z5ng  or  z5nk,  written  also  Seny  and 
Szeny  (It.  Segna,  sSn'yS.;  anc.  Se'nia),  a  fortified  seaport 
town  of  Croatia,  48  miles  S.W.  of  Karlstadt,  on  the  Adri- 
atic, opposite  the  island  of  Veglia.  Pop.  3496.  It  is  the  see 
of  a  Roman  Catholic  bishop,  and  has  a  Franciscan  convent, 
a  cathedral,  a  seminary,  and  a  lyceum. 

Zenghi,  zSng'ghee,  or  Zengue,  zSng'ghSh,  a  river 
of  Georgia,  in  Russian  Transcaucasia,  flows  S.  from  Lake 
Goktsche-Denghis  into  the  Aras.     Length,  60  miles. 
Zenghian,  or  Zengan,  Persia.    See  Zen.iax. 
Ze'ni,  a  post- village  of  Valencia  co.,  New  Mexico,  300 
miles  "W.S.W.  of  Las  Vegas.     It  has  a  church. 
Ze'nith,  a  post-office  of  Reno  co.,  Kansas. 
Zenit'za,  or  Sienitza,  se-A-nit'sH,  a  town  of  Bosnia, 
30  miles  N.W.  of  Novi-Bazar.     Pop.  2000. 

Zenjan,  zin-idn',  a  river  of  Persia,  flows  N.W.,  and 
joins  the  Kizil-Oozen  to  form  the  Sefeed  Rood.  Length, 
90  miles.  .  _ 

Zenjan  (or  Zengan,  zSn-gin'),  written  also  zen- 
ghian, zSn-ghe-in',  a  town  of  Persia,  province  of  Irak- 
Aiemee,  on  the  river  Zenjan,  and  on  the  route  from  la- 
breez  to  Hamadan,  about  133  miles  N.  of  the  latter.  Pop. 
15  000  (').  It  is  enclosed  by  walls,  has  a  handsome  palace, 
and  is  the  seat  of  an  active  trade  in  carpets,  woollen  cloths, 
arras,  lead,  and  gunpowder. 

Zenkov,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Senkov.       _ 
Ze'no,  a  post-hamlet  of  Muskingum  co.,  0.,  in  Meigs 
township,  about  16  miles  S.E.  of  Zanesville. 
Zeuo,  a  post-office  of  York  CO.,  S.C. 
Zen'orsville,  a  post-village  of  Boone  co.,  Iowa,  8  miles 
N.W.  of  Ames.     Pop.  256.  ,    u     .  «=  .„:i„„ 

Zen'son,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  and  about  25  miles 
N.W.  of  Treviso.     Pop.  1605. 

Zen'ta,  or  Szenta,  s8n't5h\  a  market-town  of  Hun- 
gary, CO.  of  Bdcs,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  The.ss,  24  m.  es 
1.  of  Szegedin.  Pop.  19,938,  mostly  engaged  in  cattle- 
rearing  and  in  fishing.  It  is  celebrated  for  the  victory  of 
Prince  Eugene  over  the  Turks  m  1696. 

Zephy?,  z6r?r,  a  post-office  of  Mitchell  co.,  Kansas, 
12  miles  S.  of  Glen  Elder. 
182 


Zephyr,  zSf^r,  a  post-village  in  Ontario  oo.,  Ontario, 
13  miles  N.W.  of  Uxbridgo.  It  contains  2  hotels,  a  store, 
a  saw-mill,  a  shingle-mill,  and  a  cheese-factory.     Pop,  300. 

Zepita,  or  Scpita,  si-peo'ti,  a  town  of  Bolivia,  de- 
partment and  74  miles  N.W.  of  La  Paz,  on  a  headland  in 
Lake  Vinamarca,  a  branch  of  Titicaea  Lake. 

Zepperen,  z6p'p?r-?n,  a  village  of  Belgium,  prorineo 
of  Limbourg,  9  miles  S.W.  of  Hasselt.     Pop.  1332. 

Zerafshan,  Zer-Afshan,  or  Zer-Afchan,  thr-U- 
shin',  a  river  of  Toorkistan,  in  Bokhara,  rises  in  the  high- 
lands E.  of  Samarcand,  flows  westward  past  that  city  and 
Bokhara,  and  is  supposed  to  enter  the  Tarim  after  a  total 
course  estimated  at  400  miles.  It  supplies  many  canals, 
and  is  the  great  fertilizer  of  the  country  it  traverses.  S«« 
SoGHD. 

Zer^afshan',  or  Ser^afshan',  a  government  of  Asi- 
atic Russia,  in  Toorkistan,  E.  of  Bokhara  and  W.  of  Fer- 
ghana. Area,  19,625  square  miles.  Capital,  Samarcand. 
Pop.  271,000. 

Zerah  Zakalia,  Kerkini  Islands.  See  Zara  Zakaua. 

Zcrain,  a  village  of  Palestine.    See  Zereen. 

Zcram,  Malay  Archipelago.    See  Ceram. 

Zerba,  dzfiR'bi,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Pavia, 
on  the  Trebia,  near  Ottone.     Pop.  1048. 

Zerba,  an  island  of  North  Africa.    See  Jbrba. 

Zerbe,  township,  Northumberland  oo.,  Pa.   Pop.  1440. 

Zerbolo,  dzSn'bo-lo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of 
Pavia,  near  the  Ticino,  from  the  inundations  of  which  it 
often  sufl"ers.     Pop.  1993. 

Zerbst,  tajRpst,  a  town  of  Germany,  duchy  of  Anbalt, 
22  miles  S.E.  of  Magdeburg.  Pop.  11,995.  It  is  enclosed 
by  walls,  and  has  4  churches,  a  high  school,  a  town  hall,  a 
penitentiary,  a  public  library,  an  orphan  asylum,  and  manu- 
factures of  jewelry,  silk,  earthenwares,  and  breweries  of  the 
celebrated  Zerbst  bitter  beer. 

Zereen,  or  Zerin,  z^-reen',  written  also  Zerain 
(anc.  Jez'reel),  a  small  village  of  Palestine,  about  62  miles 
N.  of  Jerusalem,  on  the  road  to  Nazareth. 

Zereh,  or  Zerreh,  a  lake  of  Seistnn.    See  Zurrah. 

Zerere,  zi-ri'ri,  a  small  river  of  Brazil,  province  of 
Matto-Grosso,  rises  in  the  Serra  de  Santa  Barbara,  flows 
N.E.,  and  joins  the  Mondego. 

Zeri,  dzi'ree,  or  Cerri,  chSn'Rce,  a  village  of  Italy, 
7  miles  from  Pontremoli,  with  a  ruined  castle.     Pop.  3605. 

Zerin,  a  town  of  Palestine.    Sec  Zi:RKEy. 

Zerkowo,  zfin-koSVo,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland,  33 
miles  S.E.  of  Posen.     Pop.  1957. 

Zermatt,  ts^R-mitt'  or  zfiR^mitt',  a  hamlet  of  Switzer- 
land, canton  of  Valais,in  a  remote  situation  at  the  head  of 
the  Visp  Valley,  9  miles  N.E.  of  Mont  Cervin  (Matter- 
horn),  of  which  it  commands  a  magnificent  view.  It  is  a 
popular  resort  of  tourists. 

Zernagora,  dzfiR-ni-ge'ra  (Turkish,  Kara-tngh,  kl'- 
rina,"-,  "  black  mountains"),  a  mountain-region  of  Europe, 
betwicn  lat.  42°  and  43°  N.  and  Ion.  19°  and  19°  30'  E., 
and  situated  chiefly  in  the  territory  of  Montenegro. 

Zernctz,  or  Zernez,  Switzerland.    See  Cerxetx. 

Zernitz,  Deutsch,doitch  tsjR'nits,  a  village  of  Prus- 
sian Silesia,  government  of  Ojipeln.     Pop.  1160. 

Zernogora,  Tzernogora,  or  Cernogorn,  the 
native  name  of  Montesegho. 

Ze'ro,  a  post-office  of  Lucas  co.,  Iowa,  12  miles  S.E.  of 
Chariton. 

Zerowicz,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Serowitz. 

Zerrah,  a  lake  of  Seistan.    See  Zurrah. 

Zeska,  a  river  of  Syria.    See  Jabok.  o  o  -irr 

Zethnn,  tsi'tow,  a  village  of  Saxony,  2o  miles  S.S.w. 
of  Dresden.     Pop.  1374.  . 

Zet'land,  a  post-village  of  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  on  Mait- 
land  River,  fii  miles  by  rail  N.W.  of  Bluevale. 

Zetland  Islands,  Scotland.    See  SnBTi.Aicn  Iri.asps. 

Zetrud-Lumay-Autgaerden,  zi'trUd-IU-ml'-iSwt- 
ean'den  (?)■  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of  Brabant,  on 
the  Grande  Oeete,  30  miles  K.S.K.  of  Brussels.     Pop.  1488. 

Zeiila,  tsoi'14,  or  Markt-Zcnla,  maRkt  ti>oi  IS,  a 
town  of  Bavaria,  on  the  Main,  4  miles  N.E.  of  I.ichtcnfcls. 

Zculcnroda,  tsoi'l^n-ro'da,  or  Zcnilnrodc,  tsoil'n- 
ro'doh,  a  town  of  Germany,  principality  of  Reuss-Orcita.  9 
milM  S.W.  of  Oreitz.  Pop.  6300.  It  Is  cnclosw!  by  walls, 
and  has  a  cathedral,  and  manufactures  of  woollen  •tuffs, 
hosiery,  and  watches.  ,„,       .      „      wt?» 

Zentern,  tsoi't?rn,  a  village  of  Baden,  6  miles  H.b.  o? 
Bruchsal.     Pop.  1003.  .     ,     „  «i      n... 

Zeven,  U'i'v?n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  In  Hanover,  24  milo« 
S  W.  of  Stadc.  on  an  affluent  of  the  Oslo.    Pop.  1308. 

Zevenaar,  zi'vcn-ln',  a  small  town  of  the  ^cthe^• 
lands,  in  Qelderland,  3  miles  S.E.  of  Arnhem.    Pop.  7,n% 


ZEV 


2890 


ZIO 


Zerenbergen*  z^'r^n-MR^ob^n,  a  villago  of  the  Neth- 
•rlands,  in  North  Brabant,  on  a  oanal,  9  mile6  N.W.  of 
Breda.    Pop.  5961. 

Zevcnhnizen,  z&'rfn-hoi'zfn,  a  village  of  the  Neth- 
erlands, iu  South  Holland,  9  miles  N.N.E.  of  Rotterdam. 

Zevio,  dzi've-o,  a  market-town  of  Italy,  7  miles  S.E. 
of  Verona,  on  the  Adige.     Pop.  6045. 

Zeyla,  Zeylah,  Zeila^  or  Zeileh«  zh'W  or  z&'l^h,  a 
leaport  town  of  Adol,  Northeast  Africa,  on  the  Strait  of 
Bab-el-Mandeb,  near  the  frontier  of  Abyssinia.  Lat.  11° 
17'  N. ;  Ion.  43°  £.  It  stands  on  a  low  sandy  cape,  is  en- 
closed by  ruined  walls  mounting  a  few  guns,  and  is  garri- 
soned and  subject  to  the  Khedive  of  Egypt.  It  has  6 
mosques,  but  is  principally  composed  of  thutchod  huts. 

Zeyring,  Ooer,  o'b^r  tsi'ring,  and  Zeyring  Prob- 
Stei)  tsi'ring  prop'stT,  two  nearly  contiguous  places  of 
Austria,  Styria,  9  miles  N.W.  of  Judenburg.     Pop.  3300. 

Zeyst,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.    See  Zeist. 

Zezere,  zi-z4'r4,  a  river  of  Portugal,  provinces  of 
Beira  and  Alemtejo,  joins  the  Tagus  at  Punnete,  after  a 
S.W.  course  of  100  miles. 

Zhehol,  Gehol,  Jehol,  or  Zehol,  zh&^hol',  written 
also  Jeho  and  Geho,  zh&^ho',  a  celebrated  imperial 
palace,  120  miles  N.E.  of  Peking,  China. 

Zhelania,  Nova  Zembla.     See  Jklania. 

Zhitomeer,  Jitomir,  Jytomir,  or  Zytomir,  zhit- 
o-meer',  written  also  Shitomir,  Schitomir,  and  Zyto- 
mierS)  a  town  of  Russia,  capital  of  the  government  of 
Volhynia,  on  the  Teterev,  80  miles  S.W.  of  Kiev.  Pop. 
54,827.  It  has  Russo-Greek,  Lutheran,  and  Roman  Cath- 
olic churches,  a  gymnasium,  theological  seminary,  govern- 
ment library,  manufactures  of  hats  and  leather,  and  a 
nourishing  trade  in  woollens,  silk  and  linen  fabrics,  salt, 
and  agricultural  produce. 

Zhizdra,  or  Jizdra^  zbis'drS.,  written  also  Schis- 
dra,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  80  miles  S.W.  of 
Kalooga,  capital  of  a  circle,  on  the  Zhizdra,  an  affluent  of 
the  Oka.  Pop.  11,703.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen 
cloth,  and  glass-  and  iron-works. 

Zia,  Grecian  Archipelago.    See  Zea. 

Zia,  zee'H,  an  Indian  village  of  Santa  Ana  co.,  New 
Mexico,  25  miles  N.  by  AV.  of  Albuquerque. 

Ziandon,  a  town  of  Bohemia.    See  Sandau. 

Zinndowitz,  tse-S.n'do-*its\  or  Zanchwitz,t8&nK'- 
♦its,  a  village  of  Prussian  Silesia,  government  and  24  miles 
from  Oppeln.     Pop.  3449. 

Zi'ba,  a  post-office  of  Ellsworth  co.,  Kansas. 

Zibello,  dze-bSl'lo,  or  Gibello,  je-bfil'lo,  a  village  of 
Italy,  27  miles  N.W.  of  Parma,  near  the  Po.     Pop.  4106. 

Zibkov,  Novo,  Russia.    See  Novosibkov. 

Zicavo,  dzc-ki'vo,  a  market-town  of  Corsica,  19  miles 
E.  of  Ajaccio.     Pop.  1367. 

Ziebingen,  tsee'bing-?n,  a  town  of  Prussia,  in  Bran- 
denburg, near  Frankfort  on  the  Oder.     Pop.  2343. 

Ziegelhausen,tsee'gh?l-h6w*z?n,  a  village  of  Baden, 
on  the  Neckar,  2  miles  E.N.E.  of  Heidelberg.     Pop,  1997. 

Ziegenhain,  tsee'gh§n-hin^,  a  fortified  town  of  Prus- 
sia, in  Hesse-Nassau,  on  the  Schwalm,  23  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Marburg.     Pop.  1394.     It  has  an  ancient  castle. 

Ziegenhals,  tsee'gh§n-hils\  a  town  of  Prussian  Si- 
lesia, on  the  Biela,  34  miles  S.W.  of  Oppeln.  Pop.  5828. 
It  has  manufactures  of  leather,  pottery,  linen,  <fec. 

Ziegenort,  tsee'gh§n-0Rt^  (Guoss,  giocc,  and  Klein, 
klin),  two  contiguous  villages  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  15 
wiles  N.  of  Stettin,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Oder  in  the  Stet- 
tincr-IIaff.     Pop.  1904. 

Ziegcnriick,  tsee'g?n-riik\  a  town  of*Prussian  Sax- 
ony, government  of  Erfurt,  capital  of  a  detached  circle,  on 
the  Saale,  enclosed  by  the  Sa.xon  duchies,  7  miles  W.N.W. 
of  Schleitz.     Pop.  965. 

Zicglerville,  zee'gl?r-vll,  or  Duboisville,  d66- 
bois'vil,  a  hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  Mich.,  in  Bedford  town- 
ship, 3  miles  from  Fisher's.     It  has  a  grist-mill. 

Zielcnzig,  tsee'l§n-tsiG\  a  walled  town  of  Prussia, 
province  of  Brandenburg,  26  miles  E.N.E.  of  Frankfort 
on  the  Oder.  Pop.  5732.  It  has  manufactures  of  linens, 
hosiery,  leather,  hats,  and  gloves.  There  arc  coal-mines 
in  its  vicinity. 

Ziclona,  tsee-lo'nl,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Galicia,  36 
miles  W.  of  Kolomea.     Pop.  1799. 

Zierenberg,  t8ee'r?n-b8RG\  a  town  of  Prussia,  in 
Ilesse-Nassau,  on  the  Warme,  an  affluent  of  the  Diemel,  10 
miles  W.N.W.  of  Cassel.     Pop,  1601. 

Zierikzee,  zee'rik-zi\  a  fortified  town  of  the  Nether- 
lands, province  of  Zealand,  on  the  island  of  Schouwen, 
near  the  East  Scheldt.  Lat.  51°  38'  2"  N. ;  Ion.  3°  56'  E. 
Pop.  7941.   It  has  salt-refineries  and  a  large  oyster-fishery. 


Zierikzoe  is  the  oldest  town  in  Zealand,  and  formerly 
belonged  to  the  Hanseatic  League. 

Ziesar,  tsoe'zar,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  29  miles 
E.N.E.  of  Magdeburg.  Pop.  2791.  It  has  manufactures 
of  woollen  cloth,  linens,  and  hosiery, 

Zicza,  a  town  of  Spain,    See  Cieza. 

Zif,  a  post-township  of  Wayne  co..  III.     Pop,  480. 

Zig,  a  post-office  of  Adair  co,.  Mo. 

Ziget,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Szioetit. 

Zignago,  dzeen-y&'go,  a  village  of  Northern  Italy, 
province  of  Genoa,  10  miles  N.E.  of  Sestrl  a  Levante. 

Zihl,  a  river  of  Switzerland.    See  Thiele. 

Zihischlacht,  tseel'shl&Kt,  a  village  of  Switzerland, 
canton  of  Thurgau,  near  Bischofszoll.     Pop.  1452. 

Zilah,  a  town  of  Transylvania.    See  Waltenbero. 

Zilgia,  zil'ghe-a,  a  town  of  Chinese  Toorkistan,  45  miles 
W.  of  Khoten.     Pop,  7500. 

Zilitcn,  zir?-tfin',  or  Zlitoun,  zleeHoon',  a  town  of 
Africa,  on  the  Gulf  of  Sidra,  86  miles  E.S.E.  of  Tripoli. 

Zillebeke,  zil'l^h-b&Mi^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
West  Flanders,  30  miles  S.S.W,  of  Bruges.     Pop.  1535, 

Zil'leh  (ano,  Ze'la,  or  Ziela),  a  town  of  Asia  Minor, 
vilayet  of  Seevas,  36  miles  W.S.W.  of  Tokat.  Pop,  2000 
families,  who  manufacture  coarse  cotton  cloths,  ic.  It 
has  a  fortress  on  the  site  of  an  ancient  temple,  large  khans, 
good  shops,  and  an  annual  fair.  This  fair  lasts  for  fifteen 
or  twenty  days  from  the  middle  of  November,  and  is  often 
frequented  by  from  40,000  to  50,000  persons  from  all  the 
commercial  towns  of  Asiatic  Turkey. 

Zillcrthal,  tsil'l^r-tAl^  a  valley  of  the  Tyrol,  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Inn,  which  receives  the  Ziller,  by  which 
the  valley  is  watered,  about  2  miles  below  Innspruck. 

Zilli,  a  town  of  Styria,    See  Cilly, 

Zilwaukee,  zil-waw'kee,  a  post-village  in  Zilwaukce 
township,  Saginaw  co.,  Mich.,  on  the  Saginaw  River,  and  on 
the  Michigan  Central  Railroad,  4  miles  N.  of  East  Saginaw. 
It  has  4  churches,  several  steam  saw-mills,  salt-works, 
hotels,  Ac.     Pop.  of  the  township  in  1890,  1963. 

Zimapan,  se-m&-p&n',  a  village  of  Mexico,  state  and 
95  miles  N.  of  the  city  of  Mexico. 

Zimatlan,  se-mi-tlin',  a  village  of  Mexico,  state  and 
25  miles  S.  of  Onjaca. 

Zimbo,  zcem'bo,  a  promontory  of  Brazil,  province  of 
Santa  Catharina,  40  miles  N.  of  Dcsterro.    Breadth,  4  miles. 

Zimite,  se-mee'ti,  a  town  of  the  United  States  of 
Colombia,  state  of  Magdalena,  90  miles  S.S.E.  of  Mompox, 

Zim'merman,  a  post-hamlet  of  Greene  co.,  0.,  at 
Shoup's  Station  of  the  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis 
Railroad,  8  miles  E.  of  Dayton.  It  has  a  flour-mill  and  a 
saw-mill. 

Zim'merman,  a  post-village  in  Halton  co.,  Ontario,  on 
Twelve  Mile  Creek,  8  miles  N.  of  Burlington.  It  contains 
a  store,  a  grist-mill,  and  a  saw-mill.     Pop.  100. 

Zimmern,  or  Gross  Zimmern,  groce  tsim'm?rn, 
a  town  of  Germany,  in  Hesse,  province  of  Starkenburg,  9 
miles  E.  of  Darmstadt.  Pop.  2686,  mostly  employed  in 
linen-weaving. 

Zimmerwald,  tsim'm?r--*llt\  a  village  and  parish  of 
Switzerland,  5  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bern,  on  the  Langenberg. 

Zimony,  the  Hungarian  name  of  Semlin. 

Zin'der,  a  town  of  Central  Africa,  in  Borneo,  capital 
of  a  province  of  its  own  name,  300  miles  W.N.W.  of  Kooka. 
Pop.  about  10,000. 

Zinder,  a  province  of  Central  Africa,  forming  the 
N.W.  frontier  of  the  territory  of  Borneo,  is  between  lat. 
13°  20'  and  14°  N,  and  Ion,  4°  30'  and  10°  60'  E. 

Zingst,  tsingst,  an  island  of  Prussia,  in  Pomerania,  10 
miles  N.W.  of  Stralsund,  in  the  Baltic,  immediately  off 
the  German  coast.  Length,  14  miles ;  breadth,  2  miles. 
On  it  is  the  village  of  Zingst,  with  a  pop.  of  2025. 

Zinji,  zin'jee,  a  large  village  of  Turkish  Koordistan, 
pashalic  and  40  miles  E.N.E.  of  Mosul. 

Zinkov,  or  Zinkow,  zin-kov',  a  town  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment of  Podolia,  35  miles  N.N.E.  of  Kamieniec. 

Zinna,  tsin'ni,  a  town  of  Prussia,  province  of  Bran- 
denburg, 27  miles  S.  of  Potsdam,  on  the  railroad  from 
Berlin  to  Wittenberg.  Pop.  1704.  It  has  manufactures 
of  woollen  cloth,  cotton  stuffs,  and  leather. 

Zinten,  tsin't?n,  a  town  of  East  Prussia,  20  miles 
S.S.W.  of  Kbnigsberg.     Pop,  3201. 

Zinti,  a  town  of  Bolivia,    See  Cinti. 

Zinu,  United  States  of  Colombia.    See  Sinu. 

Zinwald,  tsin'*ilt,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  18  miles  N.W. 
of  Leitmeritz.     Pop.  1265. 

Zion,  a  hill  of  Palestine.     See  Siox. 

Zi'on,  a  post-village  of  Henderson  co.,  Ky,,  6  miles  B, 
of  Henderson,    It  has  2  churches. 


ZIO 


2891 


ZOF 


W  f  „f  ir     P''^]-^^^"''^*  «f  Cecil  CO.,  Md.,  about  14  miles 

N.E.  of  Havre  de  Grace.  It  has  2  churches  and  a  seminary 

/iion,  a  post-office  of  Lowndes  co.,  Miss.,  7  miles  from 

Columbus.  »«"m 

w  n^**o'?'*.F°^t?"'™'^*  '°  Buckshoal  township,  Yadkin  oo., 
N.C.,  24  miles  N.  of  Statesville.     It  has  a  church. 
Zion,  a  post-office  of  Clackamas  co.,  Oreo-on 
Zion,  a  post-hamlet  of  Centre  co.,  Pa.,  6  miles  E    of 
iJollefonte.     It  has  3  churches  and  a  printing-office. 

Zion  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Amite  co.,  Miss. 
*•  ^^c?„-^il'?.*  post-hamlet  of  Bucks  co.,  Pa.,  1  mile 
from  bhelly  Railroad  Station,  which  is  13  miles  S.  of  Beth- 
lehem.    It  has  2  churches. 

Zion's,  a  post-office  of  Stearns  co.,  Minn. 
,  .^*°"'8  <fF,?ve,  a  post-village  in  North  Union  town- 
ship, Schuylkill  CO.,  Pa.,  1  mile  from  Rarick's  Station  of 
I  o  P^i'^'^elphia  &  Reading  Railroad,  and  about  14  miles 
Ji.b.Ji.of  Catawissa.     It  has  a  church.     Pop.  about  200. 
Zion's  Hill,  a  post-office  of  Botetourt  co.,  Va. 
Zion's  Mills,  a  post-office  of  Lee  co.,  Va. 
Zion  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Grant  co.,  Ky.,  on  the 
Louisville,  Cincinnati   &    Lexington   Railroad,  32   miles 
S.S.W.  of  Cincinnati.     It  has  a  church,  3  stores,  and  a 
grist-mill. 

Zi'onsville,  a  post-village  in  Eagle  township,  Boone 
CO.,  Ind.,  on  Eagle  Creek,  and  on  the  Indianapolis,  Cin- 
cinnati &  Lafayette  Railroad,  15  miles  N.  by  W.  of  India- 
napolis. It  has  2  banking-houses,  2  newspaper  offices,  a 
high  school,  5  churches,  and  manufactures  of  carriages, 
sash,  doors,  and  blinds.     Pop.  956. 

Zionsville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Lehigh  co..  Pa.,  on  the 
Perkiomen  Railroad,  12^  miles  S.  of  Allentown.  It  has  2 
churches  and  a  carriage-shop. 

Zionsville,  a  post-office  of  "Washington  co.,  Te.T. 
Zion  Valley,  a  post-township  of  Barton  co.,  Kansas. 
It  is  a  Mormon  settlement. 

Zipaquira,  se-pa-kee'r&,  a  small  town  of  the  United 
States  of  Colombia,  state  of  Cundinamarca,  20  miles  N.N.E. 
of  Bogota. 

Ziph,  zif,  a  ruined  town  of  Palestine,  district  of  Da- 
mascus. Its  remains,  2  miles  S.E.  of  Hebron,  consist  of 
walls  and  cisterns. 
Zippezerbst,  or  Zipperz5rbig.  See  Zorbig. 
Zips,  zipsh,  a  county  of  Hungary,  bounded  N.  byGali- 
cia.  Greatest  length,  from  N.W.  to  S.E.,  65  miles ;  mean 
breadth,  24  miles.    Capital,  Leutschau.     Pop.  144,986. 

ZipS)  a  village  of  Hungary,  in  the  county  to  which  it 
gives  name,  near  Kirchdorf.  It  has  imposing  ruins  of  the 
ancient  royal  castle  of  Zips. 

Ziranka,  ze-rdn'kS.,  a  river  of  East  Siberia,  rises  in 

the  N.  part  of  the  government  of  Yakootsk,  in  lat.  65°  N., 

flows  E.,  and  joins  the  Kolyma.     Length,  about  170  miles. 

Zircz,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Ziutz. 

Zirke,  tsSSR'k^h,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland,  38  miles 

W.N.W.  of  Posen,  on  the  Warta.     Pop.  2542. 

Zirknitz,  or  Czirknicz,  tsScRk'nits,  a  market-town 
of  Austria,  in  Carniola,  8  miles  B.  of  Adelsberg,  on  the  N. 
side  of  its  lake.  Pop.  1500.  The  Lake  op  Zibknitz  is  6 
miles  long  and  3  miles  broad.  Its  bottom  is  formed  of  lime- 
stone rock,  and  is  full  of  clefts  and  fissures,  through  which 
the  water  passes  into  subterranean  caverns.  It  is  frequently 
dry  in  summer,  and  sometimes,  during  the  dry  season,  the 
bottom  of  the  lake  is  covered  with  luxuriant  herbage. 

Zirmie,zlr'mee*  or  zSer'mee',  or  Zurmie,  zoOr'mee', 

a  town  of  Central  Africa,  in  lloussa,  on  a  peninsula  in  the 

Quarrama,  a  tributary  of  the  Niger,  60  miles  W.  of  Katsena. 

Zirndorf,  tseSun'doRf,  a  town  of  Bavaria,  4  miles  W. 

of  Nuremberg,  with  a  ruined  castle.     Pop.  2309. 

Zirona,  dze-ro'ni,  a  small  island  of  Balmatia,  in  the 
Adriatic,  14  miles  S.W.  of  Spalato. 

Zirtz,  or  Zircz,  zScRts,  a  town  of  Hungary,  co.  and  11 
miles  N.  of  Vcszprim,  with  a  Cistercian  abbey.     Pop.  2035. 
Zis'ka,  a  post-hamlet  of  Victoria  co.,  Ontario,  5  miles 
N.  of  Bracebridge. 

Zis'kov,  a  post-office  of  Yankton  co.,  S.D. 
Zistersdorf,  tsis'tgrs-doRf,  or  Zisterdorf,  tsis'tfr- 
donr,  written  alto  Zissersdorf,  a  town  of  Lower  Aus- 
tria, 32  miles  N.E.  of  Vienna.     Pop.  1940. 

Zittau,  tsit't5w,  a  town  of  Saxony,  26  miles  S.E.  of 
Bautzen,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Mandau,  at  the  head  of  a 
branch  railway  to  Dresden  and  Gorlitz.  Pop.  23,198.  It 
is  the  centre  of  the  linen-manufactures  of  Lusatia,  and 
has  numerous  churches,  a  gymnasium,  a  town  hall,  a  mu- 
nicipal library  of  30,000  volumes,  a  theatre,  hospitals,  and 
manufactures  of  cotton  and  woollen  cloths,  piano-fortes, 
damask,  machinery,  and  pottery.  Near  it  are  the  springs  I 
of  Auguttuabad,  i 


ris^  I  of  »L  T;,  "a7'  "^  •>^°"*'=*^'  P'-o'^neeof  Tafilet, 
^»!f  rr'fi?  »  •  *,  "^""^  Mountains,  and,  nfler  flowine  S.K 
past  Tafilet,  is  lost  in  the  sands  of  the  Sahara.  * 

♦>,7n^-^  •  'o'f''''?''-"'''''  *  market-town  of  Bohemia,  oa 
the  Czidhna,  38  miles  S.S.E.  of  Bidschow.   Pop.  1739. 

son,  «!":k  l^'u*"'  V"''"  °^  Switzerland,  c*nton  of  Ori- 
sons,  near  the  Rhine,  7  miles  N.  of  Chur.    Pop   101 « 

.n?^^*^      !'°7i?,  'l'«K'4-nav,  a  city  of  Russian  Poland. 

government  of  Plock.     Pop.  4867. 

R  <?w  **^°^*?  tsli'bings,  a  town  of  Moravia,  M  milet 
swings.  Por2791.''  ""'""'  '='"'-'"""  "<*  '"'-~' 
Zlakna,  a  town  of  Transylvania.  See  Zalathha, 
Zlatoosk,  Zlatousk,  Zlatusk,or  Slatonsk,  zll- 
toosk,  written  also  Slatoust,  Slatoustorsk,and  Kli- 
ucm,  a  town  of  Russia,  government  of  Oofa,  on  the  Ooi. 
among  the  Ural  Mountains,  140  miles  E.  by  N.  of  Oofa! 
lop.  16,629.  It  is  the  centre  of  the  southern  imperial 
mines,  and  has  an  extensive  manufactory  of  damasked 
scimetars  and  articles  of  inlaid  and  embossed  steel. 

Zleb,  zhiab  or  tslib,  written  also  Zleby  or  Schleb.a 
market-town  of  Bohemia,  4  miles  E.N.E.  of  Czaelau.  It 
has  potash-  and  woollen-mills.     Pop.  1849. 

Zlin,  zhlin  (?),  a  town  of  Moravia,  14  miles  N.E.  of 
Hradisch,  on  the  Drewniza.     Pop.  2831. 
Zlitoun,  a  town  of  North  Africa.    See  Zilitkx. 
Zloczow,  zhlo'chov,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Galicia,  Ai 
miles  E.  of  Lcmberg.    Pop.  6196.   It  has  an  ancient  castU 
and  linen-works. 

ZIotowo,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Flatow. 
Zmeinogorsk,  Siberia.    See  SwEiyocoRSK. 
Zniiev,  or  Smiew,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Smikv. 
Zmigrod,  zhmee'grod,  a  market-town  of  Austria,  in  Ga- 
licia, about  9  miles  S.  of  Jaslo,  on  the  Dembowka.  P.  2093. 
Zna,  Tzna,  or  Tsna,  tsni,  a  river  of  Russia,  gov- 
ernment of  Tver,  after  a  N.E.  course  joins  the  Msta,  which 
it  connects  with  the  Tvertsa  and  Volga  by  the  Visbnce 
Volotchok  Canal. 

Zna,  Tzna,  or  Tsna,  a  river  of  Russia,  government 
of  Tambov,  joins  the  Moksha  38  miles  S.E.  of  Yelatom, 
after  a  N.  course  of  200  miles. 

Znaim,  or  Znaym,  znlme  or  tsnime,  a  town  of  Mo- 
ravia, on  the  left  bank  of  the  Thnya,  36  miles  S.S.W.  of 
Briinn,  and  47  miles  N.W.  of  Vienna.  Pop.  10,600.  It 
has  a  gymnasium  and  a  school  for  the  children  of  the  mili- 
tary. The  vine  is  cultivated  in  its  vicinity,  and  it  haa 
manufactures  of  woollens,  tobacco,  and  mustard. 

Znin,  tsneen,  a  town  of  Prussian  Poland,  23  milea 
S.S.AV.  of  Bromberg.     Pop.  2407. 

Zoagli,  dzo-il'yee,  a  market-town  of  North  Italy,  on 
the  Gulf  of  Genoa,  4  miles  \V.  of  Chiavari.     Pop.  3524. 

Zo'ar,  a  post-hamlet  in  Charlemont  township,  Franklin 
CO.,  Mass.,  on  the  Deerfield  River,  and  on  the  Vermont  <fc 
Massachusetts  Railroad,  4  miles  S.E.  of  the  entrance  of 
the  Hoosac  Tunnel,  and  11  miles  E.S.E.  of  North  Adams. 
It  has  a  church  and  a  manufactory  of  wooden-ware. 
Zoar,  a  post-office  of  Union  co.,  N.C. 
Zoar,  a  post-village  in  Lawrence  township,  Tuscarawas 
CO.,  0.,  on  the  Tuscarawas  River  and  the  Ohio  Canal,  about 
14  miles  S.  of  Massillon,  and  3  miles  from  Zoar  Station.  It 
has  a  church,  a  hotel,  planing-works,  a  tannery,  and  a 
woollen-mill.  It  is  occupied  by  a  society  of  Christian  so- 
cialists, of  German  origin.     Pop.  326. 

Zoar,  a  post-office  of  Winnebago  co..  Wis.,  on  Poygan 
Lake,  about  15  miles  N.W.  of  Oshkosh. 

Zoar  Bridge,  a  post-haraletof  New  Haven  co., Conn., 
on  the  Ilousntonic,  7  miles  above  Derby.  It  has  a  church. 
Zoar  Station,  a  post-hamlet  of  Tuscarawas  oo.,  0.,  on 
the  Tuscarawas  River,  and  on  the  Tuscarawas  Branch  of 
the  Cleveland  &  Pittsburg  Railroad,  6  miles  N.E.  of  Canal 
Dover.     It  has  a  church. 

Zobeir,  zo'bir',  a  town  of  Asiatic  Turkey,  rilayct  of 
Bagdad,  8  miles  S.W.  of  Bassorah. 

Zobiitz,  tsob'litz,  a  town  of  Saxony,  19  miles  S.E.  of 
Chemnitz.     Pop.  2017. 

Zobten,  t8ob't?n,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia,  20  miles 
S.W.  of  Breslau,  at  the  foot  of  the  Zobtenberg  Mountain. 
Here  is  a  chapel  resorted  to  in  pilgrimage.     Pop.  2061. 

Zoelen,  zoo'l^n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in  GcU 
derland,  2  miles  N.  of  Thiol.     Pop.  2332. 

Zoersel,  zoor's^I,  a  village  of  Belgium,  proTinc«  and 
15  miles  E.  of  Antwerp.  Pop.  998. 
Zoest,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands.  See  Sokst. 
Zofingcn,  or  Zoffiugcn,  tsoffing-^n  (anc.  To6i- 
ninmf),  a  town  of  Switzerland,  9  miles  S.S.W.  of  Aarao, 
on  the  Wiggher.  Pop.  3916.  It  has  a  public  library,  sn< 
manufactures  of  cotton,  linen,  ribbons,  and  silk  fabrics. 


ZOG 


2892 


ZUJ 


Zogama,  a  city  of  Africa.    See  SoaAUA. 

ZogiiOf  dx6n'yo,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  and  6 
Bilw  N.  of  Bersnino,  on  tho  Breuibo.     Pop.  1617. 

Zohab,  zo^b&b',  a  town  of  Persian  Koordistan,  66  miles 
W.N.W.  of  Kormiinshab.  It  onco  consisted  of  1000  bouses 
enclosed  by  an  eartben  rampart,  but  hixs  now  decayed. 

Zohrehf  or  Zoreth,  a  river  of  Persia.    See  Tab. 

Zola^  dzo'lA,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of  Bologna  and 
near  tho  city  of  Bologna.     Pop.  4304. 

Zoldcr*  aol'd^r,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  Limbourg,  on 
the  Mangelbeok,  6  miles  N.N.W.  of  Hassolt.     Pop.  1923. 

ZolkicAV,  zol'ke-^v,  or  Zolkiev,  zulk'ySv\a  town  of 
Austria,  in  Galioia,  on  an  affluent  of  tbo  Bug,  16  miles  N. 
of  Lemberg.  Pop.  4402.  It  has  2  convents,  a  hospital, 
and  manufactures  of  woollens,  leather,  and  porcelain. 

Zol'lursville,  a  post-hamlet  of  Washington  co.,  Pa., 
about  25  miles  S.  of  Pittsburg.     It  has  2  churches. 

Zoll  lingers,  a  village  of  Prussia.     Sec  Enobrs. 

Zollvcrein,t8oll'f9r-ine\  or  "  Customs-Union,"  a  com- 
mercial league  formed  in  Germany  for  the  purpose  of  es- 
tablishing a  uniform  rate  of  customs.  It  includes  all  tho 
empire,  except  the  free  ports  of  Altona,  Bremen,  Bremor- 
haven,  Brake,  Qeestemiinde,  and  Hamburg,  with  their  terri- 
tories, and  also  some  communes  of  Baden,  on  the  Swiss  fron- 
tier. The  grand  duchy  of  Luxemburg  also  belongs  to  the 
Zollverein,  with  a  very  small  part  of  the  Austrian  territory. 

Zolocher,  or  Solotschew,  zo-lo-chfiv',  written  also 
SolotcheVf  a  town  of  Russia,  government  and  25  miles 
N.N.W.  of  Kharkov,  on  the  Ooda,  with  remains  of  ancient 
fortifications,  and  6  annual  fairs.     Pop.  6995. 

Zolotoi-Ostrov,  zo-lo-toi'-os-trov',  an  island  of  Rus- 
sia, in  the  N.  part  of  tho  Caspian  Sea,  formed  of  deposits 
by  the  two  arms  into  which  tho  Ural  divides  at  its  mouth. 

Zolotonosha,  or  Zoiotonocha,  zo-lo-to-no'sb&,  a 
town  of  Russia,  capital  of  a  district,  government  and  105 
miles  W.  of  Poltava.  Pop.  7896.  It  has  2  convents  and 
an  active  trade  in  cattle. 

Zoloto'pol,  a  market-town  of  Russia,  government  of 
Kiev,  42  miles  S.E.  of  Svcnigorodka.     Pop.  1500. 

Z.o]taiice,  tsol-t&n'tsi,  a  village  of  Austria,  in  Galicia, 
a  few  miles  N.  of  Lemberg.     Pop.  2197. 

Zolyom,  a  county  of  Hungary.     See  SohIi. 

Zom'bor^  or  Som'bor  (anc.  Zomborinumf),  a  town 
of  Hungary,  capital  of  the  co.  of  Bdcs,  27  miles  N.N.W. 
of  Pesth.  Pop.  24,309.  It  is  situated  near  the  Francis 
Canal,  by  which  it  communicates  with  the  Danube,  and  has 
a  normal  school,  manufactures  of  silks,  and  trade  in  grain 
and  cattle. 

Zone  Mills,  Ontario.    See  Flohence. 

Zonho'ven,  or  Sonho'ven,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
Limbourg,  4  miles  N.  of  Hasselt.     Pop.  2748. 

Zonnebeke,  zon'n^h-bi'k^h,  a  village  of  Belgium,  in 
"West  Flanders,  25  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bruges.     Pop.  2616. 

Zonoma,  California.    See  Sonoma. 

Zons,  tsons  (anc.  /Sbntinwrn.?),  a  walled  town  of  Rhenish 
Prussia,  8i  miles  S.S.E.  of  Dusseldorf,  near  the  left  bank 
of  the  Rhine,  and  near  tho  ancient  Roman  fort  Genosia, 
which,  it  is  supposed,  was  its  original  site.     Pop.  2048. 

Zont'Leeuw,  a  village  of  Belgium.    See  Leau. 

Zonzonate,  San  Salvador.     See  Sonsonate. 

Zooai,  zoo-i',  or  Zawai,  zl-wl',  a  lake  of  Abyssinia, 
in  Shoa,  said  to  contain  5  islands,  which  have  3000  Chris- 
tian inhabitants. 

Zoobtsov,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Soobtsov. 

Zooga,  a  river  of  South  Africa.    See  N'gami. 

ZopplOf  dzSp'lo,  a  village  and  commune  of  Italy,  in 
Udino,  near  Pordenone.     Pop.  3967. 

Z6rbig,tsoR'bio,Kleinzerbst,klin'tsfiRpst,  Zippe- 
zerbst,  tsip'p^h-tsflRpst',  or  Zipperzorbig,  tsip'p^r- 
taoR^bio,  a  town  of  Prussian  Saxony,  on  the  Strenkbaoh 
and  Fuhne,  12  miles  N.N.E.  of  Hallo.     Pop.  3322. 

Zorella  Islands.    See  Xulla  Islands. 

Zoreth,  a  river  of  Persia.    See  Tab. 

Zorge,  tsoR'oh^h,  a  village  of  Germany,  in  Brunswick, 
IS  miles  S.W.  of  Blankenburg.     Pop.  1454. 

Zorita,  tho-ree'tJ,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Estremadura, 
province  and  37  miles  S.E.  of  Caceres.     Pop.  2799. 

Zorn,  zoRn  (Qer,  pron.  tsonn),  a  river  of  Germany,  in 
Alsace-Lorraine,  rises  in  the  Vosges  Mountains,  flows  E. 
past  Zabern  and  Brumath,  and  joins  the  Moder  on  the 
right,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Haguenau.     Course,  45  miles. 

Zorn'dorf  (Ger.  pron.  tsonn'doRf),  a  village  of  Prus- 
Bia,  province  of  Brandenburg,  5  miles  N.  of  KUstrin. 

Zorowe,  a  town  of  Prussia.    See  Sorau. 

Zossen,  tsos's^n,  a  walled  town  of  Prussia,  province 
of  Brandenburg,  22  miles  S.  of  Berlin.  Pop.  3103.  It  is 
■urrounded  by  small  lakes,  and  has  manufactures  of  linens. 


Zotes  del  Paramo,  tho'tds  dAl  p&'r&-mo,  a  village 
of  Spain,  province  of  Leon,  and  24  miles  from  the  city  of 
Leon.     Pop.  1368. 

Zoubtzov,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Soobtsot. 

Zouga,  a  river  of  South  Africa.    See  N'oami. 

Zoiiila,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Fezzan.    See  Zuekla. 

Zsabliak,  a  town  of  Montenegro.    See  Chabliak. 

Zsambck,  s&m^bik',  a  market-town  of  Hungary,  co. 
and  15  miles  W.N.W,  of  Pesth,  with  the  remains  of  an  old 
Gothic  church  and  of  several  mosques  and  baths.     P.  4628. 

Zschoppau,  tsbop'pSw,  a  river  of  Saxony,  rises  on  the 
N.  slope  of  tho  Fichtel-Berg,  on  the  frontier  of  Bohemia, 
flows  circuitously  N.,  and,  after  a  course  of  nearly  60  miles, 
joins  the  Muldo  about  5  miles  below  Diibeln. 

Zschoppau,  a  town  of  Saxony,  on  the  Zschoppau,  9 
miles  S.E.  of  Chemnitz.  Pop.  8045.  It  has  manufacture! 
of  woollen  and  cotton  fabrics,  fringe,  and  hosiery,  printing- 
and  bleaching-establishments,  breweries,  and  potteries. 

Zschorlau,  tshoR'ldw,  a  village  of  Saxony,  circle  of 
Zwickau,  to  the  S.  of  Schneeberg.     Pop.  2348. 

Zsolna,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Szolna. 

Zsomboly,  a  town  of  Hungary.    See  Hatzfeld. 

Zubia,  La,  1&  soo'bc-^,  a  village  of  Spain,  in  Andalusia, 
province  and  3  miles  S.  of  Granada,  on  the  skirts  of  tho 
Sierra  Nevada.  It  has  the  ruins  of  a  convent  founded  by 
Ferdinand  and  Isabella.     Pop.  2632. 

Zubiena,  dzoo-be-d'nil,  a  town  of  North  Italy,  in 
Novara,  6  miles  S.S.W.  of  Biella.     Pop.  2242. 

Zubsuclie,  tsoob'soo-K§h,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Galicia, 
near  Neu  Sandec. 

Zucapa,  80o-kS.'p&,  a  town  of  Guatemala,  between  the 
coast  and  Old  Guatemala. 

Zucarello,  dzoo-kd-rSl'lo,  a  town  of  North  Italy,  7 
miles  N.W.  of  Albenga.     Pop.  912. 

Zuckmantel,  ts5ok'md.nHfl,  a  frontier  town  of  Aus- 
trian Silesia,  32  miles  N.W.  of  Troppau.  Pop.  4904.  It 
has  manufactures  of  cotton  and  linen  fabrics,  and  rosoglio. 

Zueela,  Zuela,  or  Zouila,  zoo-ee'l&,  or  Zawila, 
zi-wee'li,  a  town  of  Africa,  in  Fezzan,  about  100  miles  E. 
by  N.  of  Moorzook. 

Zuera,  thwi'ri,  a  town  of  Spain,  Aragon,  province  and 
11  miles  N.N.E.  of  Saragossa,  on  the  Gallogo.     Pop.  2120. 

Zueros,  thwi'roce,  a  town  of  Spain,  province  and  28 
miles  S.E.  of  Cordova.     Pop,  2010. 

Zuffenhausen,  tsoof'f^n-hSw^z^n,  a  village  of  Wiir- 
temberg,  6  miles  from  Ludwigsburg,  on  the  Friedrichshafen 
Railway.     Pop.  2506. 

Zuf'ferAvall,  a  town  of  India,  in  Bengal,  division  of 
Amritsir.     Pop.  6641. 

Zng,  zoog  or  tsooG,  a  central  canton  of  Switzerland,  and 
the  smallest  in  the  Confederation,  surrounded  by  the  can- 
tons of  Schwytz,  Unterwalden,  Lucerne,  Aargau,  and  Zu- 
rich. Length,  15  miles;  greatest  breadth,  9  miles.  Area, 
92  square  miles.  Pop,  22,994.  Surface  mountainous  in  the 
S.  and  S.E. ;  highest  point,  the  Kaiserstock,  8258  feet  in 
elevation ;  the  principal  portion  lies  in  the  basin  of  tho 
Reuss,  and  is  watered  by  the  Reuss  and  tho  Sihl.  The 
greater  part  of  the  Zugersee  and  the  whole  of  Lake  Egeri 
are  within  the  canton.  The  soil  is  fertile.  Butter  and 
cheese  are  extensively  made;  cattle-rearing  and  fishing 
are  important.  The  other  branches  of  industry  comprise 
paper-making,  tanning,  and  silk-  and  cotton-spinning. 

Zug  (anc.  Tugiuni  ?),  tho  capital  of  the  above  canton,  is 
situated  on  the  E.  shore  of  the  Zugersee,  at  the  foot  of  tho 
Zugerberg,  62  miles  E.N.E.  of  Bern.  Pop.  4277.  It  has 
a  gymnasium,  a  public  library,  tanneries,  manufactures  of 
paper,  and  trade  in  cattle,  kirschwasscr,  cider,  and  dried 
fruits. 

Zugerberg,  zoo'gh^r-bSRO^  amountain  of  Switzerland, 
canton  of  Zug,  E.  of  the  Zugersee.     Height,  3251  feet. 

Zugersee,  zoo'gb?r-si',  or  Lake  of  Zug,  a  lake  in 
the  S.W.  part  of  tho  canton  of  Zug,  bounded  E.  and  S.  by 
the  Zugerberg  and  Riglii  Culm,  which  separate  it  from  the 
cantons  of  Schwytz  and  Lucerne.  It  is  9  miles  long  and 
from  2  to  3  miles  broad,  and  1361  feet  above  the  sea. 

Zuheros,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Zueros. 

Zuid  Braband.    See  South  Brabant. 

Zuider-See,  or  Zuiderzee.    See  Zuyder  Zeb. 

Znidhorn,  zoid'hom,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
province  and  6  miles  W.N.W.  of  Groningen.     Pop.  2452. 

Zuidland,  zoid'lint,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands,  in 
South  Holland,  8  miles  S.E.  of  Briel.     Pop.  1580. 

Zuidlaren,  soid-lfl,'r?n,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
province  of  Drenthe,  9  miles  E.N.E.  of  Assen.     Pop.  1652. 

Znidzande,  zoid'zind'?h,  a  village  of  the  Netherlands, 
in  Zealand,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Middelburg.     Pop.  1047. 

Ziyar,  thoo'Har  (anc.  Hietera  f),  a  town  of  Spain,  prov« 


ZUJ 


2893 


ZUR 


Ziyar,  a  nver  of  Spain.  See  Sciar. 
.„? V9o''\j  "'°?r*'  "Ji^"^"  °^  Venezuela,  between  lat.  8<> 
^\Prr\''^V°''-  ^^  '^"'^  '■S"  "^^v  having  on  the  S.  and 
W.  the  United  States  of  Colombia,  and  on  the  N.  the  CarU. 
bean  Sea.  Area,  26,436  square  miles.  Pop  59  235  It 
bounds  (on  the  W  and  S.,  and  partly  on  the  E.)  Lake 
Maracaybo,  to  which  most  of  its  rivers  are-  tributary,  in- 
eluding  the  Zulia,  whence  its  name.  Maracaybo  is  the 
capital 


into  three  branches,  ftvlls  intl)' Lake"' Maracaybo.""  To'tiil 
course,  180  miles. 

Zulla,  Abyssinia.    See  Adults. 
Zulla  Islands.    See  Xulla  Islands. 
Zullchow,  tsul'Kov,  a  town  of  Prussia,  near  Stettin. 
Pop.  4615. 

Zullichau,  tsuI'le-kSw\  a  walled  town  of  Prussia  in 
Brandenburg,  50  miles  E.S.E.  of  Frankfort.  It  has  a  cas- 
tle, a  gymnasium  with  7  professors,  an  orphan  asylum,  and 
manufactures  of  woollens,  linens,  and  leather.  Pop.  7378. 
Ziilpich,  tsul'piK,  a  town  of  Rhenish  Prussia,  22  miles 
S.AV.  of  Cologne.  Pop.  1750.  It  is  believed  to  bo  the 
ancient  Tolhiacum,  near  which  Clovis  defeated  the  Germans 
in  the  year  496. 

Zultc,  zul'toh,  a  village  of  Belgium,  province  of  East 
Flanders,  16  miles  S.W.  of  Ghent.  Pop.  1770. 
Zulu,  zoo'loo,  n  post-office  of  Kico  co.,  Kansas. 
Zululand,  zoo'loo-land,  a  region  of  Africa,  bounded  E. 
by  the  Indian  Ocean,  S.  by  Natal,  and  W.  by  the  Trans- 
vaal, and  extending  N.  to  the  Portuguese  district  near 
Delagoa  Bay,  It  is  a  well-watered  and  fertile  country, 
forming  part  of  the  region  called  Kaffraria,  and  is  inhabited 
chiefly  by  the  Zulus,  or  Amazulu,  a  fine,  warlike  people  of 
the  Bantu  stock.  Their  government  had  the  character 
of  a  formidable  military  despotism;  but  in  1879,  after  a 
bloody  war  with  the  British,  the  Zulus  were  compelled 
to  accept  the  supervision  of  a  British  resident,  with  re- 
stricted territorial  limits. 

Ziilz,  tsiilts,  Biala,  bc-l'ia,  orBialo,be-a,'lo,  atown 

of  Prussian  Silesia,  23  miles  S.S.AV.  of  Oppeln,  on  the  Biala. 

Pop   2729. 

Zu'ma,  a  township  of  Rock  Island  co.,  III.    Pop.  787. 

Zum'bo,  a  Portuguese  settlement  of  Africa,  on  the 

Zambezi,  200  miles  N.A7.  of  Tete. 

Zum'bro  Falls,  a  post-village  of  Wabasha  co.,  Minn., 
on  the  Zumbro  River,  and  on  the  Midland  Railroad,  41 
miles  W.S.W.  of  Wabasha,  and  18  miles  E.  of  Zumbrota. 
It  has  a  church,  5  stores,  and  an  elevator. 

Zumbro  River,  Minnesota,  is  formed  by  two  branches 
which  unite  in  the  W.  part  of  Wabasha  co.  It  runs  east- 
ward, and  enters  the  Mississippi  River  about  5  miles  below 
Wabasha.  The  North  Branch  rises  in  Rice  co.,  and  runs 
eastward  through  Goodhue  co.  The  South  Branch  drains 
parts  of  Dodge  and  Olmsted  cos.  The  Zumbro  runs  in  a 
deep  chasm  cut  in  strata  of  Silurian  limestone. 

Zumbrota,  zum-bro'ta,  a  post- village  of  Goodhue  oo., 
Minn.,  in  Zumbrota  township,  on  the  North  Branch  of  the 
Zumbro  River,  and  on  the  Minnesota  Midland  Railroad,  at 
the  junction  of  a  branch  of  the  Chicago  <t  Northwestern 
Railroad,  25i  miles  N.  by  W.  of  Rochester,  and  59  miles 
W.  by  S.  of  Wabasha.  It  has  4  churches,  a  newspaper 
office,  a  high  school,  and  manufactures  of  flour,  <tc.  Pop, 
in  1890,  867. 

Zumpango,  soom-plng'go,  a  market-town  of  Mexico, 
state  and  30  miles  N.  of  Mexico,  on  the  border  of  the  small 
lake  of  Zumpango.     Pop.  4000. 

Zundert,  Groot,grotzun'dQrt,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, province  of  North  Brabant,  10  miles  S.W.  of  Breda. 
Pop.  of  commune,  4071. 

Zungoli,  dzoon-go'lee,  a  town  of  Italy,  province  of 
Avellino,  6  miles  S.E.  of  Ariano.     Pop.  2343. 

Zungri,  dzoon'gree,  a  village  of  Italy,  province  of  Ca- 
tanzaro,  near  Monteleone.     Pop.  1554. 

Zufii,  zoon-yee'  or  soon-yee',  a  pueblo,  or  Indian  town, 
of  Socorro  co.,  New  Mexico,  170  miles  S.W.  of  Santa  F6. 
Lat.  35°  2'  N.;  Ion.  107°  56'  W.  It  is  on  a  small  river 
of  the  same  name,  which  flows  into  the  Chiquito  Colorado 
(t.e.,  "  Little  Colorado").  The  houses  are  built  of  stone, 
plastered  with  mud.  They  are  terrace-shaped,  each  story, 
of  which  there  are  generally  three,  being  smaller  laterally, 
BO  that  one  answers  in  part  for  the  platform  of  the  one 
above.  There  are  no  doors  or  windows  in  the  lower  story; 
the  ascent  is  on  the  outside,  by  means  of  ladders,  which  may 


be  drawn  up  so  a«  to  out  off  all  communication  from  below. 
The  inhabitants  nearly  2000  in  number,  cultivate  the  wil. 
and  have  large  herds  of  sheep  and  droves  of  horsef.  Thori 
18  in  the  town  a  Catholic  church,  built  of  adobes, 

an? !!n/f  r  ®'  "^.t""^}^^  ^""'  country,  in  New  Mexico, 
and  not  far  from  the  Arizona  line,  in  a  desolate  volcanio 
region  is  only  1  mile  across,  and  6  feet  in  greatest  depth. 
Its  waters  are  intensely  salt,  and  a  large  flowing  salt  »n rine 
IS  said  to  be  the  chief  feeder  of  the  lake.  Here  is  a  ^argl 
deposit  of  pure  crystalline  salt.  There  is  no  outflow  from 
this  lake. 

Zufli  Mountains,  a  detached  range  in  the  central 
part  of  ^ew  Mexico,  in  lat.  about  35°  N.,  Ion.  IDS*  20'  AV 
Zu'ni  Station,  a  post-village  of  Isle  of  AVight  co' 
Va.,  on  the  Blackwater  River,  and  on  the  Atlantic,  Missi*. 
sippi  &  Ohio  Railroad,  41  miles  W,  of  Norfolk.  It  has  % 
church,  a  saw-mill,  3  stores,  and  a  coach -factory. 

Zurawno,  tsoo-rdv'no,  a  town  of  Austria,  in  GaliclA. 
near  Stry.     Pop.  3125.  ^ 

Zurgena,  or  Zurxena,  thoon-ni'nl,  a  town  of  Spain, 
province  and  38  miles  N.E.  of  Almeria,  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Almanzora.  Pop.  1323,  who  manufacture  linen*, 
woollens,  flour,  and  nitre. 

Zuri,  dzoo'ree,  an  island  of  Dalmatia,  in  the  Adriatic, 
12  miles  S.AV.  of  Sebenico.  Length,  7  miles.  On  it  is  a 
village  of  the  same  name,  and  off  its  coast  a  coral-Dshery  ij 
carried  on. 

Zurich,  zoo'rik  (Ger.  Ziirtch,  tsU'riK),  a  canton  in  the 
N.  part  of  Switzerland,  bounded  E.  by  the  cantons  of 
Thurgau  and  St.  Gall,  S.  by  Schwytz  and  Zug,  AV.  by  Aar- 
gau,  N.  by  Schaffhauscn  and  the  grand  duchy  of  Baden. 
Area,  687  square  miles.     Pop.  317,576,  of  whom  nearly  all 
are  Protestants,  and  use  the  German  language.    Surface 
undulating,  mountainous  in  the  S.E.,  where  the  Schnebel- 
horn  is  4298  feet  in  elevation,  and  in  the  S.W.,  where  the 
Albis  or  Uetliborg  rises  to  the  height  of  2864  feet.     It  ii 
watered  by  the  Rhine,  Thur,  Toss,  Glatt,  Limmat,  Sihl,  and 
Reuss.     It  possesses  a  great  portion  of  the  Lake  of  Zurich, 
besides  which  it  has  the  Greiffensee  and  the  Pfiiffikon  and 
several  smaller  lakes.     The  climate  is  mild,  but  subject  to 
sudden  changes.     The  soil  is  not  fertile.     It  has  numeroua 
mineral  springs.   Zurich  is  one  of  the  most  industrial  cantons 
in  Switzerland  :  the  chief  manufactures  are  cotton,  silk,  and 
ribbons;  most  of  the  rural  population  are  employed  in  silk- 
and  cotton-spinning.    Schools  are  numerous  and  attendance 
is  compulsory.     Zurich  holds  the  first  rank  among  the  can- 
tons of  the  Swiss  Confederation.    The  chief  towns  are  Zu- 
rich (the  capital),  Eglisau,  AVadenschwyl,  and  AVinterthur. 
Zurich,  or  Zurich  (ano.  Tu'rlcum;  L.  Tirjurium),  • 
city  of  Switzerland,  capital  of  the  above  canton,  is  situated 
on  the  Limmat,  at  its  exit  from  the  N.AV.  extremity  of  the 
Lake  of  Zurich,  60  miles  N.E.  of  Bern.     Pop.  in  1885, 
26,891,  nearly  all  Protestants.    The  Limmat  divides  it  inte 
two  parts,  which  communicate  by  3  fine  bridges.     It  is 
surrounded  by  old  walls,  and  has  an  arsenal  with  a  fine 
collection  of  armory.    Chief  public  buildings,  the  cathedral, 
the  church  of  St.  Peter,  of  which  Lavater  was  minister  for 
23  years,  town  house,  post-oflice,  orphan  asylum,  and  the 
tower  of  AA'altcnbcrg.     It  has  a  university,  established  in 
1832,  attended  by  above  200  students,  a  cantonal  school, 
several   polytechnic  schools,   a  public  library  of  45,000 
volumes,  a  cabinet  of  medals  and  natural  history,  a  botanic 
garden,  and   many  learned  societies.     It  has  important 
manufactures  of  silks,  cotton  fabrics,  and  ribbons,  also  dye- 
works  and   tanneries.    Zurich   is   the  birthplaeo   of  the 
naturalist  Gesner,  Zimmermann,  Lavater,  and  Pcstatoxti. 
Near  it  the  Swiss  defeated  the  Austrians  on  the  22d  of  July, 
1443,  and  the  French  defeated  the  Russians  and  Anstriani 
on  the  2Rth  of  August,  1799.    See  also  Lake  or  Zmirn. 

Zurich,  zoo'rik,  a  post-hamlet  of  Hall  co.,  Neb.,  7  milci 
N.N.W.  of  Alda. 

Zurich,  a  post-hamlet  of  Wayne  co.,  N.Y.,  on  the  Sodus 
Point  <fe  Southern  Railroad,  7  miles  N.  by  E.  of  Newark. 

Zurich,  zoo'rik,  a  post- village  in  Huron  co.,  Ontario,  IS 
miles  S.AV.  of  Seaforth.  It  contains  2  woollen -factories,  a 
tannery,  a  pottery,  saw-  and  grist-mill,  3  stores,  and  several 
churches.    Pop.  200. 

Zurmie,  a  town  of  Central  Africa.  Sec  Zinwis. 
Zurrah,  zOr'ra,  or  Dnr'ra,  written  also  Zcreh  and 
Zerreh,  a  brackish  lake  of  Scistan,  near  the  limits  of 
Persia,  Afghanistan,  and  Bcloochistan,  lying  S.E.  of  the 
Hamoon  Lake.  The  shores  are  overgrown  to  a  consider- 
able  distance  with  rushes  nnd  reeds,  interspersed  with  pooU 
of  standing  water.     The  lake  is  nearly  dried  up. 

Zuruma,  soo-roo'mS,  a  river  of  Brazili.in  Onlana, 
after  a  southeastward  course  of  80  mile*,  Joins  the  Takuti 
in  lat.  3°  22'  N.  and  about  Ion.  60°  W. 


ZDR 


2894 


ZYW 


'  Zuruma)  8oo-roo'tn&,  a  town  of  Ecuador,  in  Asuaj,  in 
m  inining-district,  on  the  W.  declivity  of  the  Andes,  28 
milos  N.\V.  of  Lojo.  Pop.  6000.  Its  gold-  and  silver- 
mine*  rendered  it  formerly  very  populous,  but  its  impor- 
tance has  greatly  declined. 

Zuruinillo,8oo-roo-meel'yo,  a  village  of  Peru,  province 
and  N.W.  of  Putaz,  on  the  right  banic  of  the  Amazon. 

Zurxenn,  a  town  of  Spain.    See  Zuhokna. 

Zurxach,  tsoor'ts&k,  a  village  of  Switzerland,  canton 
of  Aargau,  on  the  Rhino,  10  milos  N.N.E.  of  Aarau.  Near 
it  is  a  cataract  of  tho  Rhine.     Pop.  819. 

Zusam,  tsoo's&m,  a  river  of  Bavaria,  after  a  course  of 
40  miles,  juins  tho  Danube  opposite  Donauworth. 

Zuschcn,  tsSQsb'fn,  a  town  of  Germany,  principality 
of  Waldeck,  15  miles  S.W.  of  Cassel,  on  tho  Elbe. 

Zusmarshausen,  tsSfis'mars-hSw^z^n,  a  town  of  Ba- 
varia, in  Swabia,  on  tho  Zusam,  an  affluent  of  tho  Danube, 
14  miles  W.N.W.  of  Augsburg.     Pop.  9C6. 

Zutkuerqne,  zllt*kwdnk',  a  village  of  France,  in  Pas- 
de-Calais,  10  miles  N.W.  of  Saint-Omor.     Pop.  1680. 

Zntpheii)  zQt'f^n  (L.  Zntphania),  a  town  and  fortress 
of  the  Netherlands,  province  of  Goldcrland,  on  the  Ysscl 
and  its  affluent  the  Berkel  (which  traverses  the  centre  of  tho 
town),  17  miles  N.N.E.  of  Arnhem.  Pop.  14,570.  It  has 
an  anciont  cathedral,  a  town  house,  tanneries,  oil-works, 
and  manufactures  of  cotton,  paper,  and  glue.  Zutpbcn 
formerly  belonged  to  tho  Ilanscatio  League.  It  was  taken 
by  Don  Frederick  of  Toledo  in  1572,  by  Prince  Maurice  in 
1591,  and  by  the  French  in  1672. 

Zunrbraak,  ziir^brilk',  a  village  of  South  Africa,  Cape 
Colony,  district  of  Zwellendam,  140  miles  E.  of  Cape  Town, 
on  the  Buffeljagts.  It  is  a  station  of  the  London  Mission- 
ary Society,  and  has  mission-  and  school-houses,  a  chapel,  Ac. 

Zuvia,  thoo've-&,  a  town  of  Spain,  4  miles  S.E.  of 
Granada,  on  the  left  bank  of  tho  Genii.     Pop.  3095. 

Zuyder  (or  Zuider)  Zee,  zi'd$r  zee  (Dutch  pron. 
coi'd^r  z4 ;  ano.  Fle'vus  La'cits),  a  gulf  of  the  German 
Ocean,  in  the  Netherlands,  between  the  provinces  of  Over- 
yssol  and  Friesland  in  the  E.,  Utrecht  and  Goldcrland  in 
the  S.,  and  North  Holland  in  the  W.  On  the  N.  it  is 
nearly  enclosed  by  the  islands  of  Texel,  Vlieland,  Ter- 
schelling,  and  Ameland.  Length,  from  N.  to  S.,  45  miles ; 
greatest  breadth,  35  miles.  On  the  S.W.  it  forms  the  inlet 
called  the  Y,  on  which  Amsterdam  is  situated.  It  contains 
4  small  islands.  Chief  affluents,  the  Zwarte- Water  and 
several  branches  of  the  Rhine.  Its  fisheries  are  important. 
The  Zuyder  Zee,  formerly  a  lake,  was  united  to  the  German 
Ocean  by  an  inundation  in  1282.  Under  the  French  tho 
provinces  of  North  Holland  and  Utrecht  formed  the  de- 
partment of  Zuyder  Zee,  with  Amsterdam  as  its  capital. 

Zuydhorn,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.  See  Zuidiiorn. 

Zuydiand,  a  town  of  the  Netherlands.  See  Zuidland. 

Zuzweil,  tsoots'^ile,  a  village  and  parish  of  Switzer- 
land, canton  and  11  miles  AV.N.W.  of  St.  Gall.     Pop.  1107. 

Zvenigorod,  a  town  of  Russia.    See  Svekigorod. 

Zvenigorodka,  a  town  of  Russia.   See  Svenigorodka. 

Zveringolovsk,  or  Swcringolowsk,  zvi-rin-go- 
lovsk',  a  town  of  Siberia,  government  of  Orenboorg,  on  the 
Ooi,  an  affluent  of  the  Tobol,  130  miles  E.  of  Troitsk. 

Zvor'nik,  or  Zwornik  (Turk.  Jzvomik  or  Izvorneek, 
izVor-neek'),  a  fortified  town  of  Europe,  in  Bosnia,  on  the 
Drin,  30  miles  from  its  mouth  in  the  Save.  Pop.  8000.  It 
has  several  mosques  and  Greek  and  Roman  Catholic  churches. 

Zwart-Berg,  zwant-bSRO  ("black  mountain"),  two 
mountain-ranges  of  South  Africa,  Cape  Colony,  districts 
of  Zwellendam  and  George,  bounding  the  Little  Karroo 
Plain  and  the  upper  valley  of  Olifant's  Riv5r.  The  more 
Niirthern  or  Great  Zwart-Berg  Range  is  rugged,  and  in 
Buiiie  places  4000  feet  in  height. 

Zwart-Doorn,  zwaRt-doRn,  a  river  of  South  Africa, 
Cape  Colony,  district  of  Clanwilliam,  enters  the  Atlantic  in 
lilt.  31°  S.,  Ion.  17°  40'  E. 

ZAVarteAValj  zwaR't§h-Mr,  a  village  of  the  Nether- 
lands, province  of  South  Holland,  3  miles  S.  of  Briel. 

Zwartkops*  zwant'kops^  a  river  of  South  Africa, 
Cape  Colony,  tributary  to  the  Little  Doom  River,  which  it 
joins  after  a  W.S.W.  course  of  100  miles.  The  Zwartland 
is  a  fertile  tract  in  the  districts  of  Cape  and  Stellenbosch. 

ZwartsluiS)  zwant'slois*,  or  Zwarteslnis,  zwan'- 
t?h-8lois\  a  town  of  the  Netherlands,  in  Overyssel,  on  the 
Zwarte- Water,  an  affluent  of  the  Veeht,  near  its  mouth  in 
the  Zuyder  Zee,  9  miles  N.  of  Zwolle.     Pop.  4348. 

Zweden,  the  Dutch  for  Sweden. 

Zweibriicken,  Bavaria.    See  Deui-Ponts. 

Zweisimmen,  ts<^i'sim'm§n,  a  village  and  parish  of 
Switzerland,  canton  and  27  miles  S.S.W.  of  Bern,  agreeably 
situated  in  a  valley,  on  the  Simmen.     Pop.  2128. 


Zwellendam,  zwSlMJn-d&m'or  SwePlendam^tho 

most  S.  division  or  district  of  Capo  Colony,  South  Africa, 
terminating  in  Cape  Agulhas,  is  bounded  on  the  S.  by  the 
ocean,  E.  by  the  district  of  George,  N.  by  Worcester,  and 
W.  by  Caledon  and  Breadasdorp.  Area,  7616  sauare  miles. 
Pop.  9964.  It  is  traversed  on  the  N.  by  tho  Zwart-Berg 
Mountains,  and  watered  by  tho  Breedo  River,  Chief  prod- 
ucts, corn,  soap,  butter,  tallow,  brandy,  and  wine.  Principal 
towns,  Zwellendam,  Caledon,  and  Port  Beaufort. 

ZAVclIendam,  a  town  of  South  Africa,  Capo  Colony, 
capital  of  the  division  of  Zwellendam,  110  miles  E.  of  Cape 
Town.    It  has  a  church,  jail,  and  reading-room.   Pop.  2679. 

Zwcnigorodka,  Russia.    See  Svenigorodka. 

Zwcnkau,  ts*flnk'6w,  a  town  of  Saxony,  9  miles  S.S.W. 
of  Leipsic,  on  the  Elster.  Pop.  3058.  It  has  saltpetre-  and 
woollen-mills;  and  in  its  vicinity  is  a  powder-mill. 

Zwesten,  ts<^Jst'?n,  a  village  of  Hesse-Nassau,  Nieder- 
Hessen,  circle  of  Fritzlar,  on  the  Wotzelbach.     Pop.  1156. 

Zwettel,  zwJt't^l  (Ger.  pron.  ts^fit't^l),  written  also 
ZAvetl,  a  town  of  Lower  Austria,  on  the  Kamp,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Zwettel,  24  miles  N.W.  of  Krcms.  Pop. 
2918.  It  has  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths,  linens,  and 
ribbons.     Near  it  is  a  Cistercian  abbey  with  a  rich  library. 

Zweybrflcken,  Bavaria.    See  Dkux-Ponts. 

Zwickau,  ts*ik'5w,  a  town  of  Bohemia,  circle  of  Jung 
Buntzlau,  19  miles  W.  of  Reichenberg.     Pop.  4667,  mostly 
employed  in  manufactures  of  woollen  and  linen  fabrics. 

Zwickau,  a  town  of  Saxony,  on  the  left  bank  of  tho 
Muldo,  and  on  the  Saxon  &  Bavarian  Railway,  60  niilea 
S.W.  of  Dresden.  Pop.  39,244.  It  has  a  church  with  a 
lofty  tower,  a  gymnasium  with  a  libraryof  30,000  volumes, 
and  manufactures  of  woollen  cloths,  cotton  goods,  chemical 
products,  paper,  oil,  flour,  glass,  Ac.  In  its  vicinity  are 
extensive  coal-mines. 

Zwiesel,  ts^eo'z?!,  a  market-town  of  Lower  Bavaria, 
on  the  Regen,  32  miles  N.N.W.  of  Passau.     Pop.  2537. 

Zwijndreclit,  Netherlands.     See  Zwyndreciit. 

Zwingenberg,  ts*lng'^n-bfiRG%  a  town  of  Germany, 
in  Hesse,  province  of  Starkenburg,  and  on  the  Frankfort  <b 
Mannheim  Railway,  10  miles  S.  of  Darmstadt.     Pop.  1445. 

Zwiugle,  zwing'gh^l,  a  post-village  of  Dubuque  and 
Jackson  cos.,  Iowa,  14  miles  S.  of  Dubuque.  It  has  a 
church,  a  steam  mill,  and  a  normal  institute.  The  post- 
office  is  in  Dubuque  co. 

ZAVittau,ts^it't(5w,or  ZAVittawa,  z^it-ti'vl,  a  river 
of  Moravia,  after  a  S.  course  of  55  miles,  joins  the  Schwarza 
at  Briinn. 

Zwittau,  or  ZAVittawa,  a  walled  town  of  Moravia, 
circle  of  Olmutz,  near  the  Bohemian  frontier,  on  the  rail- 
way to  Prague,  40  miles  N.  of  Briinn.  Pop.  5781.  It  has 
manufactures  of  woollen  and  linen  fabrics,  and  an  active 
trade  in  wool  and  flax. 

ZwittaAVka,  z<^it-tiv'k5.,  a  market-town  of  Moravia, 
on  the  Zwittau,  22  miles  N.  of  Briinn.     Pop.  700. 

Zwolle,  zwol'l^h,  a  fortified  town  of  the  Netherlands, 
capital  of  the  province  of  Overyssel,  62  miles  E.N.E.  of 
Amsterdam,  on  the  Zwarte-AVater.  Pop.  21,593.  It  was 
formerly  a  free  imperial  city,  and  belonged  to  the  Ilanscatio 
League.  It  has  a  cathedral,  town  hall,  a  tribunal  of  com- 
merce, manufactures  of  woollen  and  linen  cloths,  sugar- 
and  salt-refineries,  and  an  active  trade  with  Germany. 
Near  Zwolle  there  formerly  stood  a  priory,  the  residence  of 
Thomas  ^  Kempis. 

Zwollen,  zwol'l^n,  a  town  of  Russian  Poland,  govern- 
ment and  19  miles  E.S.E.  of  Radom.     Pop.  2026. 

ZwOnitz,  ts^o'nits,  or  Zwomitz,  ts^o'mits,  a  town 
of  Saxony,  15  miles  S.S.W.  of  Chemnitz,  on  the  Zwonitz. 
Pop.  2687.   It  has  manufactures  of  linens,  cottons,  and  lace. 

Zwornik,  a  town  of  Turkey.     See  Zvornik. 

Zwratauch,  a  village  of  Bohemia.    See  Swratauch. 

Z  wyndrecht,  or  Z wij  udrecht,  zwin'drfiKt,  a  village 
of  the  Netherlands,  in  South  Holland,  10  miles  S.E.  of  Rot- 
terdam, on  the  Meuse,  opposite  Dort.  It  supplies  large 
quantities  of  vegetables  for  passing  vessels.     Pop.  3206. 

Zwyndrecht,  a  town  of  Belgium,  in  East  Flanders,  17 
miles  N.E.  of  Dendermonde,  on  the  Scheldt.     Pop.  2961. 

Zydaczow,  zid-itch'ov  or  zid'l-chov\  a  town  of  Aus- 
tria, in  Galicla,  16  miles  N.E.  of  Stry,  near  the  mouth  of 
the  Stry  in  the  Dniester.     Pop.  2146. 

Zyghur,  zi^gur',  or  Jayghur,  jl^gar',  a  town  of  India, 
14  miles  above  the  mouth  of  a  river  in  the  bay  of  its  own 
name,  and  118  miles  S.  by  E.  of  Bombay.  The  river  at  its 
entrance  is  defended  by  a  fort,  and  lined  by  straggling  vil- 
lages up  to  the  town,  which  is  a  place  of  considerable  size, 

Zyory,  a  town  of  Prussian  Silesia.    See  Sohrau. 

Zytomir,  or  Zytomiers.    See  Zhitomeer. 

Zywiec.  a  town  of  Austria,  in  Galicia.   See  Seiputsch 


FINIS. 


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